bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bernstein operational matrix of differentiation and collocation approach for a class of three-point singular BVPs: error estimate and convergence analysis
Authors: Sriwastav Nikhil , Barnwal Amit K. , Wazwaz Abdul-Majid , Singh Mehakpreet
Published: June 2023

Singular boundary value problems (BVPs) have widespread applications in the field of engineering, chemical science, astrophysics and mathematical biology. Finding an approximate solution to a problem with both singularity and non-linearity is highly challenging. The goal of the current study is to establish a numerical approach for dealing with problems involving three-point boundary conditions. The Bernstein polynomials and collocation nodes of a domain are used for developing the proposed numerical approach. The straightforward mathematical formulation and easy to code, makes the proposed numerical method accessible and adaptable for the researchers working in the field of engineering and sciences. The priori error estimate and convergence analysis are carried out to affirm the viability of the proposed method. Various examples are considered and worked out in order to illustrate its applicability and effectiveness. The results demonstrate excellent accuracy and efficiency compared to the other existing methods.
Energetics of the microsporidian polar tube invasion machinery
Authors: Chang Ray , Davydov Ari , Jaroenlak Pattana , Budaitis Breane , Ekiert Damian C , Bhabha Gira , Prakash Manu
Published: June 2023

Microsporidia are eukaryotic, obligate intracellular parasites that infect a wide range of hosts, leading to health and economic burdens worldwide. Microsporidia use an unusual invasion organelle called the polar tube (PT), which is ejected from a dormant spore at ultra-fast speeds, to infect host cells. The mechanics of PT ejection are impressive. Anncaliia algerae microsporidia spores (3–4 μm in size) shoot out a 100-nm-wide PT at a speed of 300 μm/s, creating a shear rate of 3000 s-1. The infectious cargo, which contains two nuclei, is shot through this narrow tube for a distance of ∼60–140 μm (Jaroenlak et al, 2020) and into the host cell. Considering the large hydraulic resistance in an extremely thin tube and the low-Reynolds-number nature of the process, it is not known how microsporidia can achieve this ultrafast event. In this study, we use Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy to capture 3-dimensional snapshots of A. algerae spores in different states of the PT ejection process. Grounded in these data, we propose a theoretical framework starting with a systematic exploration of possible topological connectivity amongst organelles, and assess the energy requirements of the resulting models. We perform PT firing experiments in media of varying viscosity, and use the results to rank our proposed hypotheses based on their predicted energy requirement. We also present a possible mechanism for cargo translocation, and quantitatively compare our predictions to experimental observations. Our study provides a comprehensive biophysical analysis of the energy dissipation of microsporidian infection process and demonstrates the extreme limits of cellular hydraulics.
Energetics of the Microsporidian Polar Tube Invasion Machinery
Authors: Chang Ray , Davydov Ari , Jaroenlak Pattana , Budaitis Breane , Ekiert Damian C. , Bhabha Gira , Prakash Manu
Published: June 2023

Microsporidia are eukaryotic, obligate intracellular parasites that infect a wide range of hosts, leading to health and economic burdens worldwide. Microsporidia use an un-usual invasion organelle called the polar tube (PT), which is ejected from a dormant spore at ultra-fast speeds, to infect host cells. The mechanics of PT ejection are impressive.
Anncaliia algerae
microsporidia spores (3-4
μ
m in size) shoot out a 100-nm-wide PT at a speed of 300
μ
m/sec, creating a shear rate of 3000 sec

−
1

. The infectious cargo, which contains two nuclei, is shot through this narrow tube for a distance of ~60-140
μ
m
1
and into the host cell. Considering the large hydraulic resistance in an extremely thin tube and the low-Reynolds-number nature of the process, it is not known how microsporidia can achieve this ultrafast event. In this study, we use Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy to capture 3-dimensional snapshots of
A. algerae
spores in different states of the PT ejection process. Grounded in these data, we propose a theoretical framework starting with a systematic exploration of possible topological connectivity amongst organelles, and assess the energy requirements of the resulting models. We perform PT firing experiments in media of varying viscosity, and use the results to rank our proposed hypotheses based on their predicted energy requirement, pressure and power. We also present a possible mechanism for cargo translocation, and quantitatively compare our predictions to experimental observations. Our study provides a comprehensive biophysical analysis of the energy dissipation of microsporidian infection process and demonstrates the extreme limits of cellular hydraulics.Microsporidia are a group of spore-forming, intracellular parasites that infect a wide range of hosts (including humans). Once triggered, microsporidian spores (3-4
μ
m in size) shoot out a specialized organelle called the polar tube (PT) (60-140
μ
m long, 100 nm wide) at ultrafast speed (300
μ
m/sec), penetrating host cells and acting as a conduit for the transport of infectious cargo. Although this process has fascinated biologists for a century, the biophysical mechanisms underlying PT extrusion are not understood. We thus take a data-driven approach to generate models for the physical basis of PT firing and cargo transport through the PT. Our approach here demonstrates the extreme limits of cellular hydraulics and the potential applications of biophysical approaches to other cellular architectures.
Microplastics are present in women’s and cows’ follicular fluid and polystyrene microplastics compromise bovine oocyte function in vitro
Authors: Grechi Nicole , Franko Roksan , Rajaraman Roshini , Stöckl Jan B. , Trapphoff Tom , Dieterle Stefan , Fröhlich Thomas , Noonan Michael J. , de A. M. M. Ferraz Marcia
Published: June 2023

The past several decades have seen alarming declines in the reproductive health of humans, animals and plants. While humans have introduced numerous pollutants that can impair reproductive systems (such as well-documented endocrine disruptors), the potential for microplastics (MPs) to be contributing to the widespread declines in fertility is particularly noteworthy. Over the same timespan that declines in fertility began to be documented, there has been a correlated shift towards a “throw-away society” that is characterised by the excessive consumption of single-use plastic products and a concomitant accumulation of MPs pollution. Studies are showing that MPs can impair fertility, but data have been limited to rodents that were force-fed hundreds of thousands of times more plastics than they would be exposed in the environment. As a first step to link
in vitro
health effects with
in vivo
environmental exposure, we quantified microplastics in the follicular fluid of women and domestic cows. We found that the concentrations of polystyrene microplastics that naturally occurred in follicular fluid were sufficient to compromise the maturation of bovine oocytes
in vitro
. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that microplastics may also be contributing to the widespread declines in fertility that have been occurring over recent Anthropocene decades.
Reciprocal discoidin domain receptor signaling strengthens integrin adhesion to connect adjacent tissues
Authors: Park Kieop , Jayadev Ranjay , Payne Sara G. , Kenny-Ganzert Isabel W. , Chi Qiuyi , Costa Daniel S. , Ramos-Lewis William , Thendral Siddharthan Balachandar , Sherwood David R.
Published: June 2023

Separate tissues connect through adjoining basement membranes to carry out molecular barrier, exchange, and organ support functions. Cell adhesion at these connections must be robust and balanced to withstand independent tissue movement. Yet, how cells achieve synchronized adhesion to connect tissues is unknown. Here, we have investigated this question using the
C. elegans
utse-seam tissue connection that supports the uterus during egg-laying. Through genetics, quantitative fluorescence, and cell specific molecular disruption, we show that type IV collagen, which fastens the linkage, also activates the collagen receptor discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR-2) in both the utse and seam. RNAi depletion, genome editing, and photobleaching experiments revealed that DDR-2 signals through LET-60/Ras to coordinately strengthen an integrin adhesion in the utse and seam that stabilizes their connection. These results uncover a synchronizing mechanism for robust adhesion during tissue connection, where collagen both affixes the linkage and signals to both tissues to bolster their adhesion.
Structure of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase from the model microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Moigne Théo Le , Santoni Martina , Jomat Lucile , Lemaire Stéphane D , Zaffagnini Mirko , Chéron Nicolas , Henri Julien
Published: June 2023

The Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle (CBBC) performs carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms. Among the eleven enzymes that participate in the pathway, sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase) is expressed in photo-autotrophs and catalyzes the hydrolysis of sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphate (SBP) to sedoheptulose-7-phosphate (S7P). SBPase, along with nine other enzymes in the CBBC, contributes to the regeneration of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate, the carbon-fixing co-substrate used by ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). The metabolic role of SBPase is restricted to the CBBC, and a recent study revealed that the three-dimensional structure of SBPase from the moss
Physcomitrium patens
was found to be similar to that of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), an enzyme involved in both CBBC and neoglucogenesis. In this study we report the first structure of an SBPase from a chlorophyte, the model unicellular green microalga
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
. By combining experimental and computational structural analyses, we describe the topology, conformations and quaternary structure of
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
SBPase (
Cr
SBPase). We identify active site residues and locate sites of redox- and phospho-post-translational modifications that contribute to enzymatic functions. Finally, we observe that
Cr
SBPase adopts distinct oligomeric states that may dynamically contribute to the control of its activity.
Allosteric activation or inhibition of PI3Kγ mediated through conformational changes in the p110γ helical domain
Authors: Harris Noah J , Jenkins Meredith L , Nam Sung-Eun , Rathinaswamy Manoj K , Parson Matthew AH , Ranga-Prasad Harish , Dalwadi Udit , Moeller Brandon E , Sheekey Eleanor , Hansen Scott D , Yip Calvin K , Burke John E
Published: June 2023

PI3Kγ is a critical immune signaling enzyme activated downstream of diverse cell surface molecules, including Ras, PKCβ activated by the IgE receptor, and Gβγ subunits released from activated GPCRs. PI3Kγ can form two distinct complexes, with the p110γ catalytic subunit binding to either a p101 or p84 regulatory subunit, with these complexes being differentially activated by upstream stimuli. Here using a combination of cryo electron microscopy, HDX-MS, and biochemical assays we have identified novel roles of the helical domain of p110γ in regulating lipid kinase activity of distinct PI3Kγ complexes. We defined the molecular basis for how an allosteric inhibitory nanobody potently inhibits kinase activity through rigidifying the helical domain and regulatory motif of the kinase domain. The nanobody did not block either p110γ membrane recruitment or Ras/Gβγ binding, but instead decreased ATP turnover. We also identified that p110γ can be activated by dual PKCβ helical domain phosphorylation leading to partial unfolding of an N-terminal region of the helical domain. PKCβ phosphorylation is selective for p110γ-p84 compared to p110γ-p101, driven by differential dynamics of the helical domain of these different complexes. Nanobody binding prevented PKCβ mediated phosphorylation. Overall, this works shows an unexpected allosteric regulatory role of the helical domain of p110γ that is distinct between p110γ-p84 and p110γ-p101 and reveals how this can be modulated by either phosphorylation or allosteric inhibitory binding partners. This opens possibilities of future allosteric inhibitor development for therapeutic intervention.
Do glucocorticoids indicate stress? Meta-analysis reveals a tight association between glucocorticoids and metabolic rate
Authors: Jimeno Blanca , Verhulst Simon
Published: June 2023

Glucocorticoid (GC) variation has long been thought to reflect variation in organismal ‘stress’, but associations between GCs and Darwinian fitness components are diverse in magnitude, direction, and highly context-dependent. This paradox reveals our poor understanding of the causes of GC variation, contrasting with the detailed knowledge of the functional consequences of GC variation. Amongst other things, GCs orchestrate energy availability, to anticipate and recover from predictable and unpredictable environmental fluctuations and challenges. Although this is mechanistically well-known, the extent to which GC levels are quantitatively explained by energy metabolism is unresolved. We investigated this association through meta-analysis, selecting studies of endotherms in which (1) an experiment was performed that affected metabolic rate and (2) metabolic rate and GC-levels were measured simultaneously. We found that an increase in metabolic rate was associated with an increase in GC levels in 20 out of 21 studies (32 out of 35 effect sizes). More importantly, there was a strong positive correlation between the increases in metabolic rate and GCs (p=0.003). This pattern was similar in birds and mammals, and independent of the nature of the experimental treatment. We conclude that metabolic rate is a major driver of GC variation within individuals. Stressors often affect metabolic rate, leading us to question whether GC levels provide information on ‘stress’ beyond the stressor’s effect on metabolic rate.
Extending the notion of contrast and the scope of felicity
Authors: Limerick Philip
Published: June 2023

There is debate among linguists as to whether overt subject pronouns (SPs) are pragmatically obligatory in contrastive contexts. While many authors would argue that overt SPs are necessary to maintain a pragmatically felicitous utterance (e.g. Cameron 1995; Silva-Corvalán 1994; Solomon 1999; Mayol 2010; Posio 2011), numerous researchers have challenged this view (e.g. Enríquez 1984; Schwenter 2002; Amaral & Schwenter 2005; Otheguy & Zentella 2012; Travis & Torres Cacoullos 2012). The current study explores these contexts in further detail using spoken corpus data from Mexican Spanish. Through a qualitative analysis of contrastive environments in the discourse of 20 speakers, numerous cases of contrast are analyzed in terms of SP use, type of contrast conveyed, and pragmatic (in)felicity. The data demonstrate that there are several contrastive contexts that permit the use of null SPs, further corroborating previous studies. Furthermore, the analysis moves beyond existing research by revealing additional contrastive contexts not here-to-fore discussed in the literature (to my knowledge), which engender the establishment of new types of contrast, a broadening of the notion of contrast, and an extension of the scope of pragmatic felicity.
Prosodia de los enunciados interrogativos neutros y orientados en el español de la Ciudad de México
Authors: Mendoza Erika
Published: June 2023

El objetivo de este trabajo es describir los rasgos prosódicos –tonema y campo tonal– de los enunciados interrogativos neutros y orientados en la variedad del español de la Ciudad de México. Se analiza una muestra de enunciados absolutos y qu- registrados en el módulo de conversaciones libres del corpus Norma Lingüística Culta (Lope Blanch 1971) y Habla Popular de la Ciudad de México (Lope Blanch 1976). Los resultados del análisis cualitativo muestran: i) el tonema L* (L)H% –con las variantes L* (L)¡H%, !H* ¡H%– en interrogativas absolutas de búsqueda y confirmación de información, ii) la configuración L* L% en los enunciados interrogativos qu de búsqueda de información y el tono de juntura H% asociado con la condición no neutra –hipotética o confirmativa– del enunciado; iii) se sugiere el uso del campo tonal como un recurso prosódico para la expresión de un menor o mayor conocimiento acerca de la respuesta esperada. Los datos de conversación libre confirman parcialmente las descripciones basadas en tareas de completamiento discursivo para esta variedad del español (de-la-Mota et al. 2010).
Estéticas del malestar: algunos apuntes interpretativos
Authors: Cofré Cubillos Claudia
Published: June 2023

No presenta resumen
The rationality of solidarity
Authors: Laje Alejandro , Lanzavechia Gabriel E. , Céspedes Viviana
Published: June 2023

In this article we contend that, given the aesthetic fact of human imperfection, it is possible to imagine that rationality emanates from the value of solidarity. We identify an evolution of the principle of good faith towards the principle of solidarity. Thus, dignity, the foundation of all rights, reaches its highest expression.
Primera sentencia que aplica el convenio nº 169 de la OIT en Chile. Derecho a vivir en un medio ambiente libre de contaminación comprende el concepto de territorio, hábitat y protección de la cultura de los pueblos indígenas
Authors: Faúndes Peñafiel Juan Jorge
Published: June 2023

Sentencia del 30 de noviembre de 2009, de la Excma. Corte Suprema, Rol 7287 2009, confirma la sentencia apelada de la Ilma. Corte de Apelaciones de Temuco de fecha 16 de septiembre de 2009 que resuelve recurso de protección interpuesto por Francisca Linconao Huircapan contra la Forestal Palermo Limitada, Rol N° 1773-2008, la que se reproduce resumida.
İlkokul Birinci Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Yazma Becerilerinin Gelişiminin Desteklenmesinde Bilişsel Çıraklık: Bir Eylem Araştırması
Authors: ÇAPANOĞLU Alperen Şükrü , SULAK Süleyman Erkam
Published: June 2023

Dört temel dil becerisinden biri olan yazma becerisi iletişim ve fikir üretme konusunda önemli görülmektedir. Akademik başarı ve günlük yaşamda iyi bir yazma becerisi sergileyebilmenin önemi açısından yazma becerisinin gelişiminin desteklenmesi gerekmektedir. Öğrencilerin en fazla zorlandığı dil becerisi olan yazma, ilkokulda ihmal edilen ve arka planda tutulan bir beceri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Yazma öğretiminde daha çok biçim özellikleri, yazım ve noktalama üzerinde durulmakta; düşünme süreçleri, fikir üretme ve öğrencilerin kendi yazılarını oluşturmaları ihmal edilmektedir. Özellikle ilkokul birinci sınıf öğrencilerinin yazma becerileri, zihinsel becerileri kullanma, düşünme süreçleri, fikir üretimi ve kendi yazılarını oluşturmaları açısından geri plana atılabilmektedir. Bu doğrultuda araştırmanın amacı, bilişsel çıraklık yöntemiyle ilkokul birinci sınıf öğrencilerinin yazma becerilerinin gelişiminin desteklenmesidir. Araştırma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden eylem araştırması ile yürütülmüştür. Çalışmanın katılımcıları, Gaziantep ili Şehitkâmil ilçesinde araştırmacı öğretmenin görev yaptığı MEB’e bağlı bir ilkokulda yine araştırmacı öğretmenin kendi sınıfında bulunan 30 ilkokul birinci sınıf öğrencisidir. Kullanılan veri toplama araçları araştırmacı günlüğü, ses kayıtları, fotoğraflar, araştırmacı gözlemi ve öğrenci ürünleridir. Elde edilen veriler üzerinde betimsel analiz yapılmıştır. Bulgular uygulama öncesi, uygulama süreci ve uygulama sonrasına ait olmak üzere üç ana başlık altında sunulmaktadır. Sonuçlara göre uygulama öncesinde öğrenciler kendi metinlerini oluşturamamaktadır. İlkokul birinci sınıfta genellikle dikte ve bakarak yazma etkinliklerine yer verilmektedir. Öğrenciler yazma sürecine katılmamakta ve öğrencilerin fikir üretimi desteklenmemektedir. Bunun sonucunda ise öğrenciler kendi metinlerini oluşturamayarak yazmanın doğasından uzak kalmaktadır. Uygulama sürecinde öğrenciler dokuz hafta boyunca bilişsel çıraklık yöntemi aracılığıyla yazma becerilerini geliştirmiştir. Uygulama süreci sonunda katılımcılar desteksiz bir şekilde kendi metinlerini oluşturabilmektedir. Ayrıca uygulama sonrasında öğrencilerin yazmaya ilgilisi devam etmiştir.
Correction Mark in the Teaching of Turkish as a Foreign Language
Authors: ÖNCÜL Vildan , GÖNEN KAYACAN Sinem
Published: June 2023

Increasing demand for Turkish language learning in our country and around the world has led to the production of course materials in this field. But when the materials that teach Turkish to foreigners are scanned, it seems that the standard way in teaching is not followed, and some important issues are not focused. In this study, the subject of correction mark in Turkish teaching was discussed. A correction mark is used to distinguish words that are written the same but have different meanings and if it is not used, there is confusion in the meaning of words. In Turkish language teaching course materials, the way this mark is given to foreigners is searched and how it is taught is examined. Content analysis, a qualitative research method, was used in the study. New Hittite, Gazi, Seven Climate, Istanbul Turkish teaching sets for foreigners have been determined. As a result, it was observed that this mark was ignored in some of the Turkish teaching sets studied, never used, in some, it was observed that this mark was used, but randomly it was used at the word level without an explanation of this mark. In the study, suggestions were presented on how better teaching can be done about the correction mark
Evaluation of Non Enzymatic Status in Antioxidant Capital in Senegalese Type 2 Diabetics
Authors: Thiam Souleymane , Toure M. , Samba A. , Ardja A. A. , Ndiaye A. , Coly N. , Soumah I. Y. , Diedhiou F. , Agossou H. H. H. , Tounkara A. R. , Dia F. K. S. T. , Ba R. , Faye I. , Gueye M. M. , Diouf N. N. , Cisse F. , Diatta A. , Diallo F.
Published: June 2023

Oxidative stress appears very early in the history of type 2 diabetes complications. It is associated to glucose oxidation but also to lipid peroxidation. This stress can be accentuated by a decrease in the antioxidant capacities in diabetics, especially if there are other comorbidities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of Senegalese type 2 diabetics and to identify the associated risk factors.

We conducted a prospective study in 40 persons with type 2 diabetes. Factors related to age, sex, BMI, and BP were determined. For biological parameters, we measured blood glucose at empty stomach, glycated haemoglobin, total cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides and LDL, urea and creatinine, uric acid, albumin, total bilirubin, copper, and zinc.

The mean age of the population was 58±11.24 years with a predominance of subjects aged over 60 (52.5%). The sex ratio was 1.11 with 52.5% male. Antioxidant capital was reduced in 60% of patients, with a predominance of women (35%). This reduction was marked by hypoalbuminemia (32.5%), hypozincemia (22.5) and an increase in the Cu/Zn ratio (30%). A strong correlation was found between the Cu/Zn ratio and total cholesterol (r=0.911; p<0.0001) as well as LDL (r=1; p=0.0001). Dyslipidaemia was found to be the most associated comorbidity with decreased oxidative capacity with an RR of 1.4 (CI=0.79-2.35) for total hypercholesterolemia and an RR of 1.6 (CI=0.75-3.71) for hypertriglyceridemia.

The antioxidant capital is reduced in type 2 diabetics, especially in dyslipidaemia conditions. Hygienic dietary measures and supplementation with trace elements such as zinc should prevent the complications of oxidative stress in diabetics.
Development and Organoleptic Evaluation of Iron Rich Pancake Premix Using Spirulina and Super Flours
Authors: Srivastava Janhavi , Singh Neetu , Nanda Alka
Published: June 2023

Since ancient times, poor nutrition has been the primary culprit of iron deficiency, especially in the school going adolescent girls. There may be a number of factors that contribute to this. The production of affordable, wholesome, and practical foods is a challenge for the food industry. Spirulina platensis, a microscopic and filamentous cyanobacterium is a blue-green algae that is considered to be one of the ancient life forms on Earth. To increase the nutritive value and to provide other vital nutrients, best wholesome cereals must be chosen over or in combination with refined flour. Here, quinoas, soy flour and amaranth come in the picture. The preparation of pancake premix and the final product was done in the department of food and nutrition, school of home sciences , BBAU Lucknow in the duration of nine months from September 2023 to May 2023. The assessment was successful and yielded genuine beneficial outcomes. The spirulina pan cakes excel in terms of flavour, aroma, and mouth feel. The panellists found the pancake's green tint to be somewhat objectionable.
Influence of Foliar Application of Seaweed Extract and Humic Acid on Growth, Yield and Quality of Strawberry (Fragaria × ananasa Duch) cv. Winter Dawn
Authors: Rishitha Gujja , Joseph Annjoe V. , Bahadur Vijay , Naveen Kamatala
Published: June 2023

The present investigation entitled “Influence of foliar spraying of Seaweed extract and Humic acid on growth, yield and quality of Strawberry (Fragaria × ananasa duch) cv. Winter dawn” was carried out in the Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology & Sciences Prayagraj. This experiment was conducted from November 2022 to March 2023. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the best treatment combination of Seaweed Extract and Humic acid concentration for producing the best quality strawberry. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Design having 9 treatments and replicated 3 times. The T9 (SWE @ 8000ppm + Humic acid @ 3.0 g/L) recorded highest values in terms of growth parameters i.e. number of leaves (7.83, 15.58, 23.66, 30.08), plant height (7.88, 12.21, 15.25, 18.06), plant spread (13.38 E-W, 13.41 N-S; 15.4 E-W, 15.43 N-S; 21.55 E-W, 21.01 N-S; 24.44 E-W, 24.45 N-S) at different stages of growth i.e 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after planting as compared to T1 (control) and all other treatments. Plant treatment T9 also recorded earliest flowering (48.42 days) and earliest fruiting (70.42). Fruit weight (30.84g), fruit length (5.84cm) and diameter (4.05cm) were found superior followed by T8 (SWE @ 7000ppm + Humic acid @ 3.0 g/L). Higher yield (343.52g) and higher number fruits per pant (20.66) were observed in T9 and the lower yield and less number of fruits per plant in T1 (control). In Fruit quality characters, higher TSS (11.13ᴼB), lower acidity (0.58%) and high amount of ascorbic acid (60.16 mg/100 g) was observed in T9 followed by T8. Higher concentrations of seaweed extract and humic acid have been found to have a more significant positive impact on the yield quality of strawberries, demonstrating their superiority in enhancing crop productivity.
Growth, Yield and Biochemical Qualities of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) being Influenced by the Foliar Application of Chitosan
Authors: Nipa Nahida Akter , Das Phalguni , Nasrin Humaira , Zakir H. M. , Rahman A. , Quadir Q. F.
Published: June 2023

The study was carried out to evaluate the effects of various doses of foliar application of chitosan on spinach growth, yield, and quality characteristics (including chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, total ash, and main nutrient contents). The Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) was used to set up the field experiment, with six treatment combinations [T0 = Control (no chitosan application), T1 = 100 ppm chitosan solution, T2 = 150 ppm chitosan solution, T3 = 200 ppm chitosan solution, T4 = 250 ppm chitosan solution, and T5 = 300 ppm chitosan solution] and three replications. The results revealed that applying chitosan at different doses significantly affected growth (viz., plant height, the number of leaves per plant) and yield of spinach. Moreover, due to the application of chitosan at various doses, there were notable differences observed in chlorophyll, total phenol, and ash contents of spinach. The spinach sample contained an average of 13.61–15.82 mg per g of chlorophyll–a, 9.16–10.18 mg per g of chlorophyll–b, and 22.77–25.85 mg per g of total chlorophyll. On the contrary, the effect of foliar application of chitosan at different doses showed a statistically significant difference in the P, K, Zn, and Fe contents of spinach. The highest amounts of chlorophyll-a, total ash, P, and K in spinach were obtained from treatment T3. However, the results showed that most of the biochemical properties of spinach were reduced by the higher doses (treatments T4 and T5) of foliar application of chitosan. Finally, according to the study's findings, foliar application of chitosan at the rate of 200 ppm significantly affects the growth, yield, pigments, total ash, P, and K contents of spinach.
Mechanization Assessment of Field Operations for Production of Sugar Cane in the White Nile Area-Sudan
Authors: Dahab Mohamed Hassan , Bakheit Salma Ishag S. , Abdallah Omer A. , Hamad Salih F. E.
Published: June 2023

There are many types of machines and implements used for field operations and production of field crops such as sugar cane in the White Nile area of Sudan. Therefore the main objective of this study is to assess the mechanization used in the field operations for production of sugar cane crop. This study was based on data collected from the field operations and recorded information from the two sugar companies in the area. The field operations included, the up-rooting, harrowing, reharowing, leveling, ridging, planting, fertilization, spraying and harvesting. The measured parameters were the work rate of machinery, power requirement and the cost of mechanization of field operations. The actual field data was compared with the calculated ones. Some correjation regression analysis was carried out. The results showed that the calculated rate of work was positively correlated to the actual rate of work, speed and width of cut (r = 0.99). The highest calculated rate of work was for spraying operation as 36.2 fed/hr, while the lowest was for harvesting as 2.1 fed/hr. Most of the calculated rates of work were lower than the actual ones. Power requirements were found to increase with the weight of machines. Generally the calculated power requirements were lower than actual ones and  the correlation between the machine weight (KN) and the actual power (kW) used for field operation was  positive (r = 0.83). The highest calculated power requirement was recorded for the harvester as 350 kW whereas the lowest was for the fertilizer as 32.7 kW. The highest mechanization cost was for harvesting field operation as 253.4 $/hr and was mainly due to the higher cost of power requirement, while the lowest was for leveling operation as 25.8 $/hr. It was concluded that although most of the field operations are well mechanized, yet the power source and requirements for some operations to be reviewed to match the size and type of machinery used, to reduce costs of field operations and production and to protect the enviroment.
Cultura na cidade de São Paulo
Authors: Custódio Alexandrino Lucas , De Morais Holanda Bruna
Published: June 2023

Uma diversidade de fatores influencia na restrição da aproximação das pessoas com os equipamentos de cultura, que é um direito de todos. Nesse sentido, este artigo coloca-se com o objetivo de colaborar com o debate da ampliação do direito à cidade e, mais especificamente, à cultura, utilizando como caso de análise a cidade de São Paulo. Para tanto, as análises se dividem em duas vertentes: uma de métodos quantitativos baseados em técnica de geoprocessamento; e outra de métodos qualitativos, especialmente análise bibliográfica e observação direta. Os resultados indicam a presença marcante dos desertos culturais nas periferias da cidade, onde também se estabelecem as iniciativas não institucionais de cultura, como formas de resistência e alternativa a eles.
“Acá, es todo a pulmón”
Authors: Olmos Alvarez Ana Lucia
Published: June 2023

Este artículo explora los vínculos entre los campos de la política cultural y de la salud tomando como caso los proyectos de gestión cultural en el ámbito hospitalario del sistema de salud público de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Primero, se presentan los rasgos generales del campo de la gestión cultural en salud a partir de un relevamiento de actividades, actores y espacios desarrollado en el período 2019- 2020. En segundo lugar, se aborda los desafíos que enfrentan en su trabajo cotidiano a partir de la problemática de la institucionalidad cultural. Finalmente, las conclusiones señalan que, en espacios dominados por la biomedicina, el carácter transversal y el accionar integrado de la gestión cultural debe (re)construir su institucionalidad cotidianamente y, además, puede contribuir en el diseño, revisión e implementación de las políticas sanitarias.
Políticas de patrimônio e herança cultural
Authors: Severino José Roberto , P. Coutinho de Cerqueira Amanda
Published: June 2023

Este ensaio é parte de uma pesquisa em andamento que procura investigar a restituição dos bens culturais retirados no contexto da colonização. Trata-se de analisar a constituição do regime internacional de proteção e restituição do patrimônio cultural, seus princípios, limites e possibilidades, tendo em vista casos emblemáticos de processos restitutivos realizados a partir da década de 1990 e suas narrativas dentro das políticas de patrimônio, especificamente na relação de Portugal com as suas duas principais ex-colônias: Angola e Brasil. Este será o caminho argumentativo para problematizar a visão ocidental e sua apropriação da herança dos povos subalternizados pelo processo colonial, considerando a hipótese de pesquisa da restituição como demanda legítima de identidade e memória coletiva. Abordamos a emergência das narrativas de atribuição de valor patrimonial e suas implicações nas políticas culturais.
Por arenas mais híbridas
Authors: Vianna Godinho Peria Pedro , Ferreira Santos Farah Marta
Published: June 2023

Discutimos as interações entre diferentes maneiras de atuação na arena do patrimônio cultural: de um lado, a política pública gestada por órgãos estatais e, de outro lado, as atividades da Comunidade Cultural Quilombaque, coletivo cultural de Perus (São Paulo). Para tanto, partimos das propostas teóricas da abordagem da ação pública, que enfatiza o papel de outros atores além dos estatais na conformação de determinadas arenas públicas. Em primeiro lugar, caracterizamos a ação do Estado brasileiro no campo do patrimônio como uma política que logrou isolar-se de ondulações políticas e de demandas sociais, a despeito das críticas de intelectuais e de experiências de democratização. Em seguida, a partir de um estudo empírico baseado em pesquisa documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas, apresentamos os trânsitos que o coletivo político-cultural efetua entre brechas nas políticas públicas para executar suas ações de patrimonialização. Para atuar na arena do patrimônio cultural, a Comunidade Cultural Quilombaque mobiliza atividades na arena da produção cultural a partir das políticas públicas municipais, estaduais e federais de fomento, de forma que as conclusões do estudo nos permitem refletir sobre os desvios criativos da ação pública que podem fortalecer a continuidade do projeto de democratização das políticas públicas de patrimônio.
Easily Neglected Manifestations in Electrocardiogram in the Prone Position
Authors: Zhang Hao , Liu Tong , Chen Kang-Yin
Published: June 2023

This case report describes a patient in their 70s with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and hypertension who presented with a 2-day history of cough, expectoration, and shortness of breath.
Evaluation of Out-of-Pocket Costs and Treatment Intensification With an SGLT2 Inhibitor or GLP-1 RA in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Luo Jing , Feldman Robert , Callaway Kim Katherine , Rothenberger Scott , Korytkowski Mary , Hernandez Inmaculada , Gellad Walid F.
Published: June 2023

Importance

The latest guidelines continue to recommend sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and established cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite this, overall use of these 2 drug classes has been suboptimal.

Objective

To assess the association of high out-of-pocket (OOP) costs and the initiation of an SGLT2 inhibitor or GLP-1 RA among adults with T2D and established CVD who are treated with metformin-treated.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study used 2017 to 2021 data from the Optum deidentified Clinformatics Data Mart Database. Each individual in the cohort was categorized into quartiles of OOP costs for a 1-month supply of SGLT2 inhibitor and GLP-1 RA based on their health plan assignment. Data were analyzed from April 2021 to October 2022.

Exposures

OOP cost for SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 RA.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was treatment intensification, defined as a new dispensing (ie, initiation) of either an SGLT2 inhibitor or GLP-1 RA, among patients with T2D previously treated with metformin monotherapy. For each drug class separately, Cox proportional hazards models were used to adjust for demographic, clinical, plan, clinician, and laboratory characteristics to estimate the hazard ratios of treatment intensification comparing the highest vs the lowest quartile of OOP costs.

Results

Our cohort included 80 807 adult patients (mean [SD] age, 72 [9.5] years, 45 129 [55.8%] male; 71 128 [88%] were insured with Medicare Advantage) with T2D and established CVD on metformin monotherapy. Patients were followed for a median (IQR) of 1080 days (528 to 1337). The mean (SD) of OOP costs in the highest vs lowest quartile was $118 [32] vs $25 [12] for GLP-1 RA, and $91 [25] vs $23 [9] for SGLT2 inhibitors. Compared with patients in plans with the lowest quartile (Q1) of OOP costs, patients in plans with the highest quartile (Q4) of costs were less likely to initiate a GLP-1 RA (adjusted HR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.78 to 0.97]) or an SGLT2 inhibitor (adjusted HR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.73 to 0.88]). The median (IQR) number of days to initiating a GLP-1 RA was 481 (207-820) days in Q1 and 556 (237-917) days in Q4 of OOP costs and 520 (193-876) days in Q1 vs 685 (309-1017) days in Q4 for SGLT2 inhibitors.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of more than 80 000 older adults with T2D and established CVD covered by Medicare Advantage and commercial plans, those in the highest quartile of OOP cost were 13% and 20% less likely to initiate a GLP-1 RA or SGLT2 inhibitor, respectively, when compared with those in the lowest quartile of OOP costs.
Self‐Assembly of Organelle‐Localized Neuropeptides Triggers Intrinsic Apoptosis Against Breast Cancer
Authors: Ge Xiaojiao , Cao Yi , Zhu Xueli , Yuan Bo , He Lulu , Wu Aiguo , Li Juan
Published: June 2023

Biosynthesis has become a diverse toolbox for the development of bioactive molecules and materials, particularly for enzyme‐induced modification and assembly of peptides. However, intracellular spatiotemporal regulation of artificial biomolecular aggregates based on neuropeptide remains challenging. Here, an enzyme responsive precursor (Y1L‐KGRR‐FF‐IR) is developed based on the neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor ligand, which self‐assembles into nanoscale assemblies in the lysosomes and subsequently has an appreciable destructive effect on the mitochondria and cytoskeleton, resulting in breast cancer cell apoptosis. More importantly, in vivo studies reveal that Y1L‐KGRR‐FF‐IR has a good therapeutic effect, reduces breast cancer tumor volume and generates excellent tracer efficacy in lung metastasis models. This study provides a novel strategy for stepwise targeting and precise regulation of tumor growth inhibition through functional neuropeptide Y‐based artificial aggregates for intracellular spatiotemporal regulation.
An Exciplex‐Based Light‐Emission Pathway for Solution‐State Electrochemiluminescent Devices
Authors: Moon Chang‐Ki , Butscher Julian F. , Gather Malte C.
Published: June 2023

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) allows the design of unique light‐emitting devices that use organic semiconductors in a liquid or gel state, which allows for simpler and more sustainable device fabrication and facilitates unconventional device form‐factors. Compared to solid‐state organic LEDs, ECL devices (ECLDs) have attracted less attention due to their currently much lower performance. ECLD operation is typically based on an annihilation pathway that involves electron transfer between reduced and oxidized luminophore species; the intermediate radical ions produced during annihilation dramatically reduce device stability. Here, the effects of radical ions are mitigated by an exciplex formation pathway and a remarkable improvement in luminance, luminous efficacy, and operational lifetime is demonstrated. Electron donor and acceptor molecules are dissolved at high concentrations and recombined as an exciplex upon their oxidization/reduction. The exciplex then transfers its energy to a nearby dye, allowing the dye to emit light without undergoing oxidation/reduction. Furthermore, the application of a mesoporous TiO2 electrode increases the contact area and hence the number of molecules participating in ECL , thereby obtaining devices with a very high luminance of 3790 cd m−2 and a 30‐fold improved operational lifetime. This study paves the way for the development of ECLDs into highly versatile light sources.
Self‐Assembly of 0D/3D Perovskite Bi‐Layer from a Micro‐Emulsion Ink
Authors: Hou Yuchen , Wu Haodong , Yoon Jungjin , Zheng Luyao , Yang Dong , Ye Tao , Wang Ke , Wang Kai , Priya Shashank
Published: June 2023

2D/3D bilayer perovskite synthesized using sequential deposition methods has shown effectiveness in enhancing the stability of perovskite solar devices. However, these approaches present several limitations such as uncontrolled chemical processes, disordered interfacial states, and microscale heterogeneities that can chemically, structurally, and electronically compromise the performance of solar modules. Here, this work demonstrates an emulsion‐based self‐assembly approach using natural lipid biomolecules in a nonionic solution system to form a 0D/3D bilayer structure. The new capping layer is composed of 0D‐entity nanoparticles of perovskite encapsulated by a hydrophobic lipid membrane, analogous to a cell structure, formed through a molecular self‐assembly process. This 0D layer provides a strong water repellent characteristics, optimum interface microstructure, and excellent homogeneity that drives significant enhancement in stability. Solar modules with a large active area of 70 cm2 fabricated using films comprising of 0D/3D bilayer structure are found to show consistent efficiency of >19% for 2800 h of continuous illumination in the air (60% relative humidity). This emulsion‐based self‐assembly approach is expected to have a transformative impact on the design and development of stable perovskite‐based devices.
The dry‐to‐wet transition of fiber networks—Return to mechanical stability
Authors: Bergström Per , Hanson Charlotta , Ström Henrik , Sasic Srdjan
Published: June 2023

In this article, we provide a comprehensive experimental, numerical, and theoretical explanation of the dry‐to‐wet transition of nonbonded fiber networks made of natural fibers. Given that the main functionality of many common products consisting of fluff pulp fiber networks requires absorption of liquids, we focus on understanding the solid volume fraction transition from a dry to a wet state as a crucial component for controlling properties such as permeability and capillary pressure, on which product function eventually depends. From studying the wetting of fluff pulp fiber networks with a distribution of fiber lengths, we show that the change in the solid volume fraction going from dry to wet state is driven by the disappearance of fiber–fiber adhesion. The mechanically stable state to which the network transitions is independent of its prior dry solid volume fraction and predetermined primarily by the fiber aspect ratio.
Characteristics of resting state functional connectivity of motor cortex of high fitness level college students: Experimental evidence from functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)
Authors: Li Wenyi , Zhang Qi , Yang Rui , Liu Bin , Chen Gonghe , Wang Bingyang , Xu Taiyu , Chen Jun , Zhou Xuxue , Wen Shilin
Published: June 2023

Objective

This study inspects difference of resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) of motor cortex between athletes and ordinary college students and the test‐retest reliability of RSFC.

Methods

Twenty high fitness level college students (high fitness group) and 20 ordinary college students (control group) were recruited. The motor cortical blood oxygen signals in resting states were monitored by functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). RSFCs of brain signals were preprocessed and calculated by FC‐NIRS software. RSFC results of test‐retest reliability were evaluated by intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results

Total RSFC (HbO signal) was significantly different between high fitness group (0.62 ± 0.04) and low fitness group (0.81 ± 0.04) (p < .05). Significant differences were found between the groups (HbO signal) in 50 edges among the 190 edges of motor cortex (14 edges after FDR corrected). At three hemoglobin concentrations, mean of group‐level ICC (C, 1) for total RSFC in two groups was 0.40 ± 0.10, whereas the mean of group‐level ICC (C, k) was 0.57 ± 0.11, depicting “fair” reliability. The mean of group‐level ICC (C, 1) of 190 “edges” was 0.88 ± 0.06, whereas mean of ICC (C, k) was 0.94 ± 0.03, exhibiting “excellent” reliability.

Conclusion

Fitness level is the factor causing specific changes in RSFC strength of motor cortex that can be utilized as biomarker for evaluating the fitness level.
Customer‐driven sustainable business practices and their relationships with environmental and business performance—Insights from the European shipping industry
Authors: Raza Zeeshan , Woxenius Johan
Published: June 2023

Understanding and meeting stakeholder demands for sustainability while striving for improved business performance (BP) presents a significant challenge. The shipping industry has been relatively slow in its sustainability efforts. However, it faces mounting pressure from various stakeholders, particularly customers (i.e., shippers directly or via logistics service providers), who increasingly demand reduced emissions from shipping operations. Consequently, environmental performance (EP) has become a key criterion in awarding shipping tenders, prompting shipping firms to adopt sustainable business practices (SBP). This study aims to investigate the relationships between customers' expectations (CE), the adoption of SBP and the EP and BP of European shipping companies. Structural equation modelling was employed to analyse the interrelationships among CE, SBP, EP and BP. The findings indicate a positive association between CE and the adoption of SBP, which in turn enhances EP and BP. Managers are encouraged to proactively allocate resources towards implementing SBP, as this not only improves EP but also enables better responsiveness to stakeholders' expectations, leading to increased profitability, customer satisfaction and corporate image. These outcomes yield benefits for all stakeholders involved in the European freight transport ecosystem.