bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern trends and conceptual approaches to understanding the essence of the concept of “national security”
Authors: Zahumenna Yu. O.
Published: March 2023

In the context of existing scientific approaches, modern trends that dictate the semantic load of the concept of “national security” have been considered. The development trends of the national, first of all, legal debate surrounding the concept of “national security of Ukraine” have been demonstrated. Attention has been focused on the leading role of jurisprudence in the integration of scientific knowledge regarding national security issues. The novelty of the research consists in the formulation of a number of conclusions of both theoretical and practical nature, which should serve as a basis for determining through the prism of modern theoretical jurisprudence and national security science the phenomenon of national security on the example of modern Ukraine, improving its normative and organizational component.

Under national security, the protection of the vital interests of the individual, society and the state, legal and social values, and the way of life from a wide range of external and internal threats, different in nature, has been considered. More specific varieties of the legal definition of “security”, which correlate with it as “general” and “special” categories, are the concepts of “national security”, “state security”, “public security”, “personal security”, and derivatives from them, such as “military security”, “economic security”, “information security” and other types of security, are allocated in a separate type in numerous scientific works of Ukrainian and foreign specialists depending on the object of protection, the sphere of social relations, and the types of practical activities of various state bodies. The ways and prospects of improving the regulatory and legal provision of national security in modern conditions of Ukraine’s development have been determined. The issue of legal reform in the field of national security has gained further improvement, namely, that it provides planned, scientifically based, socially acceptable and justified changes: 1) in legislation that guarantees national security and protects national interests; 2) in the structure, organization and activity of state authorities and other entities responsible for ensuring national security, in the system of their functions and powers, as well as in the ways (forms, methods) of their implementation; 3) in the qualitative strengthening of the state of security of the entire array of social relations, centered around national security and covered by the object of the reform, from external and internal, real and potential threats. Therefore, the reform of national security appears in the unity of three components: normative and legal (regulatory), management (subject) and object (change in the sphere of social relations in the field of national security).
Freedom and obligatory performance of a contract in the civil law of Ukraine
Authors: Zhornokui Yu. M.
Published: March 2023

An analysis of the legislation of Ukraine, as well as doctrinal approaches and judicial practice regarding the understanding of freedom and obligation to perform a contract in the civil law of Ukraine, has been carried out. It has been concluded that the legislation in many respects creates situation where the principle of freedom of contract is restricted. At the same time, neither legislation nor law-enforcement practice contain any reservations that would allow changing the relevant state of affairs in favor of the principles of dispositive regulation of private law relations.

It has been noted that the principle of freedom of contract within civil law relations does not have an absolute nature, which is confirmed by the provisions of civil legislation that ensure the procedure for conclusion, execution and responsibility for individual contractual structures regulated by the Civil Code of Ukraine (e.g., a public contract, an accession agreement, etc.), as well as relations connected with consumer protection.

Based on the conducted research, it has been proposed to single out two main models for restriction of contract freedom: 1) establishment of direct restrictions by the state, by indicating which specific conditions the parties are forbidden to agree on in the contract; 2) consolidation of general evaluation standards that the transaction and its terms must meet by the legislator or higher courts at the level of law or law enforcement practice.

Attention has been focused on the fact that the ability to realize interests under one’s own responsibility is the basis of the contract, and that contractual binding and responsibility are its inevitable consequences. Despite the fact that the legislation provides for the obligation to perform the contract (Article 629 of the Civil Code of Ukraine), it also provides for cases of contract parties’ release from the performance of their obligations (from the obligation of the contract).
The essence of the inheritance division agreement and its place in the system of civil law contracts
Authors: Kukhariev O. Ye.
Published: March 2023

The article reveals the essence of the contract for division of inheritance through a set of its defining features: 1) it is concluded after the expiry of the period for acceptance of the inheritance, but before the heirs receive a certificate of inheritance; 2) the parties are the heirs who have accepted the inheritance in the manner and within the time limits specified by civil law; 3) it has a much smaller, auxiliary value compared to the role of a civil law contract, as it generates legal consequences in conjunction with other legal facts; 4) in the presence of a nasciturus, the contract may be concluded only after the birth of a child; 5) the division of the inheritance is carried out taking into account the preemptive right of individual heirs to receive inheritance property in kind.

An inheritance division agreement belongs to the group of agreements in the field of inheritance law, and its subject matter is inheritance as an object of civil rights. The legal document for inheritance is not the agreement on the division of inheritance, but the certificate of the right to inheritance, issued by a notary for the execution of this agreement.

Based on the legislative construction of Art. 1278 of the Civil Code of Ukraine it has been stated that the method of dividing the inheritance is the allocation of a share in kind, as a result of which the ideal share in the inheritance turns into a real one. The agreement on the division of the inheritance can be concluded by the heirs regardless of the type of inheritance, in particular, by will or by law.

The contract under study may contain a condition for changing the size of the inheritance shares. However, the heirs cannot change the size of their shares in the inheritance if the testator personally set them in the will. In the presence of a will, priority should be given to the will of the testator, which cannot be changed by the heirs. Otherwise, the principle of freedom of will be violated. It is no coincidence that Art. 1267 of the Civil Code of Ukraine, which determines the change in the size of shares in the inheritance, is structurally placed in Chapter 86 “Inheritance by law”.
Legal regulation of inheritance relations under martial law
Authors: Makovii V. P. , Yakymets O. I. , Knysh Z. I.
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to the problems of legal regulation of inheritance relations under martial law. It has been analyzed the scientific works whose authors studied the peculiarities of legal regulation of inheritance relations under martial law. It is indicated that legal regulation of inheritance relations under martial law requires consideration of the following issues: 1) temporary restriction of constitutional rights and freedoms of human beings and citizens and rights and legitimate interests of legal entities due to the threat of restriction, with indication of the duration of such restrictions; 2) assistance in the exercise of civil rights and fulfillment of civil obligations by participants to such relations.

It has been examined the restrictions on the rights and freedoms of participants to inheritance relations precisely because of their temporal component in the following areas: determining the place of time values in the relevant mechanism of legal regulation using the example of the period of inheritance acceptance; establishing the hierarchy of regulations which introduce such restrictions; and novelizing the relevant regulatory provisions.

It has been suggested that the legal regulation of inheritance relations in this part should be harmonized between the Civil Code of Ukraine and the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine “On some Issues of Notaries under Martial Law” No. 164 dated February 28, 2022. It has been pointed out that it is appropriate to use the concept of “additional” term in the above-mentioned regulatory act as opposed to “extended” or “renewed” term.

With a view to improving the organizational and legal support of the procedure for certifying the wills of servicemen, it is proposed to: develop a departmental regulatory document containing detailed instructions for the actions of military unit commanders regarding the procedure for certifying the wills of servicemen and other persons; prepare methodological recommendations containing methodological instructions to military unit commanders on their behaviour within the framework of the above procedure; as part of the training and retraining of the command staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, other military formations and military lawyers, to include in the relevant educational curricula a block of training issues on the procedure for certifying wills by this category of officials.
Types and incentives for medical tourism in Ukraine
Authors: Derevyanko B. V. , Myronova G. A. , Knysh S. V.
Published: March 2023

It has been proven that the definition of the concept of tourism does not imply a mandatory border crossing. In this regard, domestic and external medical tourism have been highlighted, each of which is of great importance for the state. Domestic tourism is aimed at providing the state's economy with the necessary labor resources and is a prerequisite for the survival of the state through ensuring the restoration (social reproduction) of the population, while external tourism is aimed at filling the state budget, financial support for medical tourism entities and their employees (primarily highly qualified specialists), popularizing the state and its regions, and facilitating contacts for organizing investments in the tourism, recreation and medical sectors of Ukraine. An analysis of relations between various participants in the field of medical tourism has been carried out and proposals have been made for legal incentives of the development of three main types of medical tourism in Ukraine. These three types of medical tourism have been identified and characterized according to the criteria for determining the goals for the consumers of tourist services: 1) health tourism; 2) classical medical tourism: domestic and external (with the aim of obtaining relatively high-quality and relatively inexpensive medical services); 3) medical tourism related to the birth of a child who will receive Ukrainian citizenship.

It has been suggested that central and local executive authorities and territorial communities of cities, towns, and villages should more actively use the means of the State's regulatory influence on the activities of business entities as defined in Part 2 of Article 12 “Means of State Regulation of Economic Activity” of the Economic Code of Ukraine, as well as other means not prohibited by law. It has been emphasized the importance of licensing of medical and tour operator activities as a means of the State’s regulatory influence on business entities, which is mainly of a controlling nature, but supports effective entities in the field of medical tourism by removing low-quality and inefficient ones from the market. It has been concluded that it is necessary to develop, adopt and implement a programme to popularize Ukrainian health care institutions; the services they provide; the regions in which these institutions are built or opened, etc.
Peculiarities of criminal radicalism determination among prisoners sentenced to imprisonment
Authors: Danylchenko P. Yu.
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the criminal radicalism determination among convicts. It has been established and substantiated that this criminal phenomenon is linked to groups of cultural, psychological, organizational and managerial factors. It has been described and explained the content and role of elements of criminal subculture in the reproduction of criminal radicalism among convicts. Attention has been focused on the imperative of a negative attitude towards voluntary cooperation with representatives of the administration of penal institutions. The corresponding communication ban is based on the attitude of opposition to the state in general and law enforcement agencies in particular, on the internal consolidation of the criminal environment and direct or indirect opposition and personal opposition to law enforcement practices, including resocialization in penitentiary institutions.

It has been proved that the stratification and normative elements of criminal and prison subculture determine both the system of social and status hierarchy in the criminal environment in general and among convicts in particular, and the mechanisms of forced identification and inclusion in this system. Both variants (inclusive-adaptive and inclusive-disadaptive) of prisonization provide for mandatory stratification infiltration of the convicted person into social structures of a criminal-subcultural type. In the case of conflict-free inclusion, if the convict has a predicate prison experience, personal perception and external recognition of the relevant status, the radicalization of a person occurs according to the analytical scheme of an inclusive radical. Criminal opposition is carried out either against rival criminal groups or against the administration and staff of the penitentiary institution. Otherwise, criminal radicalism is directed at the environment of convicts.

It has been characterized the influence of reification factors, depersonalization of convicts' personalities, professional deformation of penitentiary staff, low quality of social and psychological work with convicts, shortcomings in the personnel policy of the State Criminal Executive Service of Ukraine, insufficient efficiency of management in the field of accommodation of convicts, formalism and low quality of diagnosis and distribution of convicts upon their admission to correctional colonies, and errors in the formation of groups of convicts.
On the issue of the development of criminological science in Ukraine
Authors: Shevchuk T. A.
Published: March 2023

The article discusses the main directions of development of criminological science in conditions of social instability, and the manifestation of a whole range of destabilizing factors that threaten the national security of Ukraine. These are, first of all, Russian armed aggression against Ukraine, violation of the laws and customs of war, separatism, complete non-compliance with international law, international terrorism, extremism, organized transnational crime and other factors of a destabilizing nature. These elements include the following: expansion of the subject component of criminological science, taking into account the emergence of new social relations that require legal settlement and, accordingly, intensification of the development of individual criminological sub-sectors (theories) on the basis of their selection as a separate subject of study; strengthening the scientific potential as the basis for scientific support for combating crime; expanding the scope of practical application of the results of criminological research; streamlining criminological legislation as the basis for regulatory and legal support for combating crime; use of elements and technologies of artificial intelligence in combating crime.

It has been emphasized that the rapid globalization transformations that have been taking place recently led to the reform of almost all spheres of society. Social transformations inevitably affected criminological science. Emphasis has been placed on the exclusive role of criminological science in the study of criminal-illegal behavior of people and the development of measures to combat crime in a crisis state of social development. The need for further comprehensive research in the direction of determining the social role, functions and directions of development of modern criminology has been summed up.

The importance of further development of modern criminological science and practical activities to combat crime, which determines the need to introduce the latest innovative approaches to the process of cognition of social phenomena in conditions of social instability, a change in the paradigm of combating crime in order to predict its possible modifications in the future have been argued.
Use of knowingly false information by criminal proceedings participants
Authors: Hribov M. L. , Shendryk V. V.
Published: March 2023

The issue of the use of knowingly false information by participants in criminal proceedings has been investigated. To achieve this purpose, general scientific and special methods of cognition have been used, in particular methods of system analysis, system structural, logical and legal. The practice of using knowingly false information by representatives of the defense and witnesses to obstruct the tasks of criminal proceedings has been analyzed. The legal regulation and practice of using knowingly false information by investigators and employees of operational units in order to fulfill the tasks of criminal proceedings have been described.

According to the results of the study, it has been found that knowingly false information can be used by participants in criminal proceedings illegally and legally. Illegal use of knowingly false information in criminal proceedings should be understood as the official (with documentary coverage in the case file) provision of false information by a witness, expert, specialist, interpreter to an investigator, prosecutor, investigating judge, court, parties to the proceedings to the investigating judge, the court, and each other with the purpose of misleading other participants in the criminal process. Illegal use of knowingly false information in criminal proceedings is a criminal offence. The Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine and by-laws regulating the activities of law enforcement agencies indirectly provide for the use of false information by representatives of the prosecution (investigator, prosecutor, operational units) to perform the tasks of criminal proceedings.

The need for this is due to the necessity to ensure the secrecy of investigative (search) actions provided for in Chapter 21 of the CPC of Ukraine. Such use is legal, but in practice it often borders on provocation to commit a crime.
Investigative (search) and covert investigative (search) actions as means of proof in criminal proceedings related to illegal trafficking in firearms or ammunition
Authors: Kozachenko S. V.
Published: March 2023

The subject matter of the study is to provide a detailed description of investigative (search) and covert investigative (search) actions as means of proof in criminal proceedings related to illegal trafficking in firearms or ammunition. The purpose of the article is to clarify the place, content, significance and system of such actions.

It is suggested that the actions under study are inherent phenomena, necessary processes which include methods of collecting and verifying factual data to form appropriate admissible and reliable evidence as the basis for making a lawful, reasonable and well-grounded court decision in criminal proceedings related to illegal trafficking in firearms or ammunition. This study is aimed at creating preconditions for improving existing and developing new forensic recommendations and methods for investigating criminal proceedings related to illegal trafficking in firearms or ammunition, as well as developing proposals for improving the current criminal procedure legislation in terms of regulating evidence.

As a result of the study, it has been obtained new scientifically substantiated results which contribute to improving the provision of investigative bodies with modern methodological recommendations aimed at increasing the efficiency of investigation of criminal offenses related to illegal trafficking in firearms or ammunition. It has been clarified the meaning of investigative (search) and covert investigative (search) actions as effective means of proof due to their cognitive and identification capabilities, the significance of these actions (ensuring obtaining proper, admissible and reliable proof) has been determined and their system (priority and subsequent, typical and exceptional) has been considered. It has been proved that these actions form the instrumental basis for the formation of the evidence base in the course of criminal investigations. It is concluded that a systematic approach to the formation and scientifically based analysis and generalization of the content of evidence are the conditions for the development of effective modern methods of investigating criminal offenses related to illegal trafficking in firearms or ammunition.
Subjects of proof in criminal proceedings on the offences in the economic sphere
Authors: Repchonok A. Yu.
Published: March 2023

An analysis of scientific approaches and provisions of criminal procedural legislation regarding the determination of the essence, features and structure of evidence in criminal proceedings, including crimes in the economic sphere, has been carried out. It has been determined that evidence in criminal proceedings on crimes in the economic sphere is a structured epistemological and praxeological activity of authorized subjects, which is implemented on the grounds and in the manner prescribed by criminal procedural legislation, and consists in collecting, verifying and evaluating evidence about the circumstances of commiting the named criminal offenses and other circumstances relevant to criminal proceedings. It has been argued that one of the most important elements in the structure of proof is the subjects. The specifics of proof in criminal proceedings on crimes in the field of economy have been clarified. It has been substantiated that the specificity of crimes in the field of economy affects not only the content of the subject of proof, sources of evidence and methods of proof, but also the subjects authorized to carry it out. It has been noted that the subjects of proof in criminal proceedings on crimes in the field of economy should be systematized according to certain criteria, taking into account both criminal procedural and forensic features of this category of criminal offenses and activities for their detection, pre-trial investigation and trial. It has been proposed to single out the following as criteria for the systematization of evidence subjects in the specified criminal proceedings: stages of criminal proceedings; responsibility for pre-trial investigation of crimes in the economic sphere; immediacy of proof. Systematization of subjects of evidence in criminal proceedings on crimes in the field of economy has been carried out.
ДЕЯКІ АСПЕКТИ ФІНАНСОВОЇ ГРАМОТНОСТІ НАСЕЛЕННЯ
Authors: Чубка О. М. , Ливдар М. В. , Новаківська І. Й.
Published: March 2023

Досліджено поняття фінансова грамотність населення. Проаналізовано тенденції розвитку фінансової грамотності населення: фінансові знання, поведінку та ставлення громадян України у таких питаннях, як складання бюджету, заощадження, особисті фінанси, управління кредитами/боргами, довгострокове фінансове планування (включно з пенсійними накопиченнями) та вибір фінансових продуктів. Виділено форми участі держави у підвищенні рівня фінансової грамотності. Проаналізований міжнародний досвід щодо питань фінансової грамотності населення, який показує, що фінансова грамотність та фінансова інклюзія, разом із вибудованим захистом прав споживачів фінансових послуг, є принципово важливими для зростання фінансових можливостей громадян і можуть сприяти загальній стабільності фінансової системи. Запропоновані заходи щодо підвищення рівня фінансової грамотності населення в Україні.
РЕАЛІЗАЦІЯ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ В КОНТЕКСТІ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Щур Н. О.
Published: March 2023

У статті проаналізовано науково-теоретичні основи дослідження економічної безпеки. Визначено загрози економічній безпеці України у сфері інвестиційної діяльності. Здійснено аналіз практик реалізації державної інвестиційної політики в контексті забезпечення економічної безпеки України. Встановлено, що без інвестиційної діяльності неможливо здійснити суттєві зміни в економіці, підвищити соціально-економічний розвиток країни. Доведено, що значення інвестиційного процесу в контексті економічної безпеки посилюється тим, що розширення інвестицій, ускладнення їх структури в умовах ринкової трансформації економіки України супроводжується загрозами економічній безпеці, які не мають належного та ефективні механізми їх нейтралізації.
Ogled o srebrnoj ljuskici ili o ideji zajedništva u interpretaciji Marcusa Pfistera
Authors: Pintar Željka
Published: March 2023

Radom se tematizira čovjekova socijalna narav koju razne društveno-političke zajednice tumače na sebi svojstvene načine. Ukazuje se na značaj međuljudskih odnosa u pojedinčevom individualno-psihološkom razvoju i formiranju karaktera. Problematizira se liberalno-kapitalističko tumačenje čovjeka i društva. Radom se zagovara razumijevanje jedinke kao zajedničarskog stvorenja. No, unatoč podržavanju predodžbe subjekta kao bića kolektiviteta, upućuje se na nužnost njegovog prepoznavanja kao jedinstvenog, autonomnog individuuma. Iako se naglašava neprikladnost pristupa koji čovjeka interpretira kao društveno otuđeno, samodostatno, dominantno samome sebi usmjereno stvorenje, naglašava se kako on, iako zajednici usmjeren, nikada u njoj ne smije biti negiran i manipulativno zloupotrebljen. Podržavanje individualnosti kolektivno usmjerenog pojedinca zahtijeva odgojni poticaj. Stoga će radom biti analizirana međunarodno značajna slikovnica Marcusa Pfistera, Riba duginih boja.
Načelo zavičajnosti – sjeme zavičajne autentičnosti
Authors: Klančar Alen , Jurdana Vjekoslava
Published: March 2023

Viktor Car Emin (1870. – 1963.) bio je hrvatski književnik, učitelj, publicist, preporoditelj istarskih Hrvata i tajnik Družbe sv. Ćirila i Metoda za Istru. Godine 1922. u Mladom Istraninu objavljuje pripovijest Mali Učkarić kojom prikazuje jaz između siromašne i dobrostojeće djece u onodobnom složenom političkom i socijalnom kontekstu života u Istri. U ovom radu prikazuje se izvorno osmišljen nastavni model koji uključuje različite nastavne predmete, a kojim se htjela ispitati recepcija toga djela kod suvremenih recipijenata mlađe školske dobi, odnosno učenika četvrtog razreda Osnovne škole Veli Vrh u Puli. Uz aktualizaciju literarnih vrijednosti odabrane pripovijesti, željelo se ispitati i koliko i kako učenici poznaju i primaju sadržaje iz vlastite zavičajne prošlosti te kako ih i koliko ti sadržaji povezuju s vlastitom zavičajnom autentičnošću.
Salmonellosis in beef cuts in Brazil
Authors: Romão Lília Josefa Vidal , Silva Maria Vanessa da , Chaves Cintia , Medeiros Elizabeth Sampaio de , Soares Anísio Francisco , Imazaki Pedro Henrique Didimo
Published: March 2023

Salmonella are bacteria of paramount importance in the surveillance and inspection of products of animal origin due to their high number of diseases transmitted by food (DTA’s). Through direct contamination, through contact with the feces of men and animals, or indirectly, through fomites, which lead consumers to severe cases of enteritis, which can lead to systemic infection and death. Although in the last 20 years, research and treatments have evolved, the consumption of animal products has also progressed and increased cases. In addition, the irrational use of antibiotics and growth factors brought deleterious effects, where resistance and some difficulty in treatment were perceived. This work aims to carry out a bibliographic review on the current situation of the presence of Salmonella spp. in beef cuts in Brazil. For this, databases were used, such as Portal Capes; Science Direct; Pubmed; Scielo, in the months of December 2022 and January 2023. The data obtained indicate that this bacterium is found in food and is easily transmitted to humans through food intake, such as meat and other contaminated products, due to poor sanitation. . It is understood that in Brazil, salmonellosis continues to be a serious problem for public health, with high death rates and low agribusiness production, as it attracts attention to the development of methods to prevent its proliferation. Therefore, it is concluded that due to its impact on the food security of the population, there is a constant search for improvements in strategies to reduce contamination of Salmonella spp. in Brazil, but continuous deepening is still needed in this area of study.
The E-Team Project: A Teamwork Approach to Clinical Legal Education
Authors: Evans Cameron Hilary
Published: March 2023

In this article the author argues that the University of Toronto’s Emergency Team (ETeam)—a student pilot project created to assist people facing deportation on short notice—provided a critical service to its clients and gave its student members a unique opportunity to learn real-world legal skills. The first part of this article reviews the project’s outcomes and concludes that it was a success: the E-Team won nine of its ten cases, and its members credit the project both with teaching them crucial legal competencies that they did not encounter elsewhere and with fostering their passion for social justice law. The second and third parts analyze the E-Team’s structure, identifying the organizational principles that allowed the students to work well together and arguing that teamwork, in a context marked by urgency and high stakes, offers exceptional pedagogical opportunities. In the final section, the author suggests that while the refugee law context is unusual in many respects, the E-Team model could nonetheless be applied in other areas of law practiced in Ontario’s student legal clinics, and in particular, could be adapted to be useful in less urgent situations where the stakes are lower. 
PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN DAN MOTIVASI PELAYANAN PUBLIK TERHADAP KEPUASAN MASYARAKAT PADA TERMINAL TIPE A KILIRAN JAO
Authors: Indrawati Sepsi , Heliyani Heliyani
Published: March 2023

Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of service quality and public service motivation on community satisfaction on employees of Terminal Type A Kiliran Jao.

Design/methodology/approach: The method used in this research is quantitative research with a descriptive approach. The population in this study were employees at Terminal Type A Kiliran Jao. The sample used was 84 people using a saturated sampling technique (census). The data analysis technique is multiple linear regression.

Findings: The results of the study show that: (1) Service quality has a positive and significant effect on community satisfaction. (2) Public service motivation has a positive and significant effect on community satisfaction. (3) Quality of service and motivation of public services together have a positive and significant effect on community satisfaction in Terminal Type A Kiliran Jao.

Research implications: The results of this study concluded that with good service quality and high motivation for public services, especially in the type A terminal, Kiliran Jao can increase people's satisfaction in using the terminal.
Evolution of chemodiversity - From verbal to quantitative models
Authors: Thon Frans , Wittmann Meike , Müller Caroline
Published: March 2023

Plants harbour an astonishing amount of chemodiversity, i.e., diversity of specialized metabolites, at different scales. For instance, individual plants can produce a large number of different specialized metabolites and individuals in a population can differ in their metabolite composition. Given the ecological and economic importance of plant chemodiversity, it is important to understand how it arises and is maintained over evolutionary time. For other types of biodiversity, i.e., species diversity and genetic diversity, quantitative models, that is, mathematical models and computer simulations, have long played an important role in addressing such questions. Here we review models and hypotheses for the evolution of plant chemodiversity and, in particular, explore what quantitative models have been proposed so far and what gaps there are in quantitative modeling of chemodiversity. For each model or hypothesis we review its ingredients, i.e., the biological processes that are assumed to shape chemodiversity, the scales at which the model explains or claims to explain chemodiversity, and the extent to which the model has been formalized as a mathematical or simulation model. From this review, a mixed picture emerges. We identified a small number of quantitative models for the evolutionary dynamics of plant chemodiversity. In addition we found a number of models that use equations to derive an optimal defense, but are not dynamic. Many influential models, however, have remained verbal so far. Furthermore, we identify some quantitative models used for genetic variation that have not been used for chemodiversity so far, but could be easily extended to do so. We end by outlining our vision for future model building for the evolution of plant chemodiversity.
Synthesis of PET-Magnesium Oxide-Chitosan Nanocomposite Membranes for the Dehydration of Natural Gas
Authors: Agboola Oluranti , Oginni Grace Ayomide , Oladokun Olagoke , Efeovbokhan Vincent , Ayeni Augustine Omoniyi , Ayoola Ayodeji , Adedamola Adedayo Adeyanju , Alagbe Edith Egbimhanlu , Fayomi Ojo Sunday Isaac , Moropeng Lucey , Ogunlade Stephen Kehinde
Published: March 2023

Flat thin-film magnesium oxide-chitosan nanocomposite membranes were synthesized with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and employed for natural gas dehydration. The water vapor permeation was most pronounced with a nanocomposite membrane doped with 0.9 g MgO nanoparticles (NP) as a result of a significant upsurge in the permeability of water vapor in the membrane (0.87). With the increase in MgO NP, large macro-voids are created, substratum pore size, and thickness together with the water vapor permeation were upsurged. The dehydration of natural gas performance of magnesium oxide-chitosan nanocomposite membranes synthesized with PET was enhanced with the increase in MgO NP embedded in the membrane. Though water vapor permeation was restricted by the polyester non-woven material used as a support for the nano composite membranes, as the three membranes did not reach the permeation coefficient of 1. However, the permeation coefficient increased with an increased MgO NP, with three mambrane samples (M1, M2 and M3) having permeation coefficient of 0.763, 0.77 and 0.87 respectively. The gas reduced with an increase MgO NP, with M1, M2 and M3 having 3.46×10−2, 3.17×10−2 and 3.88×10−3 kg/m3 respectively. From the adsorption study, the discrepancy observed between CH4 and vapor with isotherm models was ascribed to the different adsorption behavior of CH4 and vapor on the membrane-active area. The cost of making the membrane cannot be considered as a terminal criterion because most of the cost-effective option is not always the optimum one. The membranes confirmed their suitability for the dehydration of natural gas.
An Examination for the Intersection of Two Ruled Surfaces
Authors: KARACA Emel
Published: March 2023

In this study, firstly, each natural lift curve of the main curve is corresponded to the ruled surface by exploiting E. Study mapping and the relation among the subset of the tangent bundle of unit 2-sphere, $T\bar{M}$ and ruled surfaces in $\mathbb{R}^{3}$. Secondly, the intersection of two ruled surfaces, which are obtained by using the relation given above, is examined for the condition of the zero-set of $\lambda(u,v)=0.$ Then, all redundant and non-redundant solutions of the zero-set are investigated. Furthermore, the degenerate situations $(u,v)=0$, where the whole plane is degenerated by the zero-set, are denoted. Finally, some examples are given to verify the results.
De Transformatieve Dialoog
Authors:   , Bekkers Florian Henricus Willibrord
Published: March 2023

Some conflicts between people are intractable. This means that they are difficult or impossible to solve, and carry the risk of serious escalation. There are situations in which this intractability can only be understood well in relation to needs and/or values that those involved consider essential to who they. I refer to these as “identity-related moral conflicts” (IRMC). A person’s identity is not subject to negotiation. Therefore, the question arises: How can a stable and just solution be conceived for such conflicts?
Several influential philosophical theories, such as Rawls's Political Liberalism, Habermas's Discourse Ethics and Taylor's Articulation Ethics, fail to discern a stable and just solution to such conflicts. The solutions these theories foresee are possible only when conditions are met - conditions that are not met in an IRMC.
My proposal to distinguish a just and stable solution is by combining the strengths of Discourse Ethics and the Articulation Ethics so that they can compensate for each other's weakness. This leads to a theory of the Transformative Dialogue with which stable and just solutions of IRMCs can be worked out. The core of this theory is that authenticity should be understood not individually but intersubjectively. In other words, what is authentic to someone is determined in simultaneous, mutual relationships of recognition that are constituted by a Transformative Dialogue.
The Transformative Dialogue refers to the process in which parties in an IRMC transform their self-understanding and their understanding of the other in such a way that a relationship of mutual recognition emerges. The intractable conflict is thereby resolved in a stable and just manner. To be able to solve intractable conflicts in practice, it is necessary to make the Transformative Dialogue part of institutions so that a transformative-deliberative society arises in which the transformation of self-understanding is as common as the exchange of factual arguments or negotiation.
Insights into the molecular mechanisms of bacterial metabolites in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder
Authors:   , Zheng Yuanpeng
Published: March 2023

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder usually diagnosed at early age and characterized by impairments in social behavior and communication, the presence of repetitive behavior, and deficits in learning and memory. Two of these bacterial metabolites, p-cresol sulfate (pCS) and 4-ethylphenyl sulfate (4EPS), are reported to be enhanced in feces, blood and urine of people diagnosed with ASD. Moreover, pCS and 4EPS exposure in mice induces ASD-like behavior, but the exact underlying mechanisms remain to be investigated. Many sheddases are members of the so-called ADAM family and potentially play a role in the pathogenesis of disease. In addition, the phosphatase PTEN is an important enzyme that regulates neural cell growth and survival in the brain. This thesis is focused on gaining insights into the possible molecular mechanisms of bacterial metabolites in the pathogenesis of ASD to identify potential new targets for intervention and therapy. Using an ASD mouse model and a neuroinflammation cell model, this thesis illustrates that pCS and 4EPS affect the level and function of the sheddases, ADAM10 & ADAM17, and the phosphatase, PTEN, that might be involved in the ASD-associated changes in neuroimmune responses and/or neuronal network function in the brain. In addition, this thesis further identifies that ADAM10 might be a treatment-target for ASD either through direct pharmacological inhibition or via nutritional interventions targeting bacteria that are involved in pCS and 4EPS production aimed to reduce ASD-associated detrimental symptoms.
Wine polyphenols stimulate superoxide anion production to promote calcium signaling and endothelial-dependent vasodilatation.
Authors: Duarte J , Andriambeloson E , Diebolt M , Andriantsitohaina R
Published: March 2023

The present study was aimed to evaluate the mechanisms involved in the vasorelaxant effects of red wine polyphenol compounds (RWPC) in small mesenteric rat arteries. RWPC produce relaxation in small mesenteric arteries. This relaxant effect was abolished by endothelial denudation, NO-synthase blockade with L-NAME and partial depolarization with KCl or L-NAME plus KCl. Incubation with the reactive oxygen species scavenger, superoxide dismutase (SOD) plus catalase, or inhibition of NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductases with diphenyleneiodonium also inhibited RWPC induced vascular relaxation. Application of RWPC elicited a transient increase in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC), which was attenuated by a mixture of SOD and catalase. Incubation of BAEC with RWPC increased the SOD inhibitable production of O2-. These results suggest the involvement of O2- in the [Ca2+]i increase evoked by RWPC, leading to the activation of enzymes involved in the release of endothelial relaxant factors and subsequent vasodilatation of resistance arteries.
Changes of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity during ontogenesis in healthy subjects and in experimental model (rats).
Authors: Paclt I , Koudelová J
Published: March 2023

In children and adolescents (250 healthy subjects) serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity (23.9+/-5.2 to 57.1+/-17.5 micromol/min/ml) increases with the age between 3-10 years, later it decreases approximately by the age of 10-14 years. At the age of 21 to 60 years DBH level is stable. Our study described decreasing DBH activity in adolescents at the age of 10-14 years in the studied sample of healthy persons. Experimental animals (200 Wistar rats, 5-120 days old) show the same trend of enzymatic activity, similarly as in humans. DBH activity in rats is between 0.85+/-0.1 to 2.8+/-0.05 micromol/min/ml. This activity is highest in 5-day-old rats; it decreases till the age of 14 days and increases mainly in 14- to 35-day-old animals. Decrease of DBH activity in rats between 35 to 40 days is significant and corresponds to the reduction of DBH activity in adolescent humans (10-14 years). Adult rats (aged 90-120 days) show a stable DBH activity. DBH activity intermediately decreases in 10- to 14-year-old children. This decrease corresponds to the intermediate developmental changes of electrophysiological parameters (decreasing EEG activity in healthy adolescents occurs in 10-14 years old children). Puberty is coupled with intermediate decreasing of DBH activity in man and also in experimental animals in the period of prominent psychological and physiological changes.
Autoimunne thyroid diseases in women with breast cancer and colorectal cancer.
Authors: Jiskra J , Límanová Z , Barkmanová J , Friedmannová Z
Published: March 2023

The aim of the study was to compare the prevalence of autoimmune thyroid diseases in three groups of women (66 with breast cancer (CaB), 68 with colorectal cancer (CaC) and 49 without oncological diseases as a control group). Serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxin (fT4), antibodies to thyroglobulin (TGB-ab) and thyroperoxidase (TPO-ab) and tumor markers CEA, CA 15-3 and CA 19-9 were investigated in all subjects by using the chemiluminiscence method. In contrast to Graves' disease (no observed case), autoimmune thyroiditis was diagnosed in 24.2 % women with CaB (4.5 % euthyroid and 19.7 % with subclinical or overt hypothyroidism), compared to 16.7 % in women with CaC (2.0 % euthyroid and 14.7 % with subclinical or overt hypothyroidism) and 16.2 % controls (4.0 % euthyroid and 12.2 % with subclinical or overt hypothyroidism). Serum levels of TGB-ab were higher in the group with breast cancer as compared to those with colorectal cancer and the control group (medians: 35.80 vs. 31.75 vs. 27.70, p<0.001). Similarly, the percentage of positive TGB-ab and TPO-ab serum levels was higher in women with breast cancer as compared to those with colorectal cancer and the control group. The results of the study support the controversial theory that there is an increased prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis in women with breast cancer.
Coronary vascular and aortic endothelial permeability during estrogen therapy: a study in DOCA-salt hypertensive ovariectomized rats.
Authors: Khazaei M , Nematbakhsh M
Published: March 2023

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major source of morbidity and mortality in the Western World. Premenopausal and estrogen-treated postmenopausal women have a lower incidence of CVD. It has been suggested that circulating endogenous estrogens are probably responsible for this protection. This study investigated the hypothesis that the reduction of endothelial permeability is responsible for cardioprotective effects of estrogen in hypertensive animals. Fourty-four rats were ovariectomized and divided into five groups: groups 1, 2 and 4 received DOCA-salt and groups 3 and 5 received normal saline (N/S) injection for four weeks. Then, in groups 4 and 5 the blood pressure was measured. Group 1 received estradiol valerate and in groups 2 and 3 continued with DOCA-salt and N/S injection for six weeks, respectively. Endothelial permeability was measured by Evans Blue extraction method. There was no significant difference in endothelial permeability in coronary circulation in estrogen-treated group and controls (12.97+/-2.32 vs. 9.96+/-1.01, respectively). Also, aortic endothelial permeability in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats did not change significantly after estrogen treatment (28.34+/-3.65 vs. 41.60+/-5.98). This study showed that the cardioprotective effects of estrogen in DOCA-salt hypertensive animals are not mediated by a reduction of endothelial permeability.