bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SELETIVIDADE ALIMENTAR EM CRIANÇAS AUTISTAS: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Palomo de Souza Iane Beatriz , Da Silva Victor César , Paula Alamino Silva Vitória , Acácio Westerley Fernando , Ghedini Garcia Lopes Miriam
Published: November 2024

A seletividade alimentar é caracterizada pela aceitação de uma pequena variedade de alimentos e/ou pela rejeição de outros grupos alimentares. Os transtornos alimentares presentes em decorrência da seletividade alimentar podem gerar uma série de problemas metabólicos e de saúde no indivíduo com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). O objetivo do estudo foi analisar por meio da revisão integrativa da literatura, os apontamentos mais recentes sobre seletividade alimentar nas crianças autistas. Apesar de ser um tema muito recente, vários estudos mostram como esse tipo de transtorno alimentar se manifesta neste público específico. A relevância do tema está na atualidade do assunto, pois o autismo tem sido centro de discussões em decorrência do aumento do número de adultos e crianças diagnosticadas por esse transtorno que afeta a comunicação verbal e comportamental. É importante entender como as práticas alimentares impactam o desenvolvimento global da criança, tanto físico quanto neuropsicomotor. A partir dessa compreensão, podem ser desenvolvidas estratégias e intervenções mais eficazes para melhorar a dieta e a saúde dessas crianças, aliviando também a carga sobre suas famílias e cuidadores. Os resultados trouxeram discussões pertinentes como os transtornos alimentares, a maioria dos autistas sendo do gênero masculino, termos novos como neofobia alimentar que está relacionada a aversão do alimento, as alterações como obesidade, sintomas gastrointestinais que são mais prevalentes em crianças e adultos com TEA. Assim, é possível compreender que é crucial que haja o desenvolvimento de intervenções nutricionais especificamente adaptadas para indivíduos com TEA.
VERTIGEM POSICIONAL PAROXÍSTICA BENIGNA E SUA RELAÇÃO COM O DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Santos Rosado Raissa , Martinez Rodrigues Rosana , Lopes Almeida de Oliveira Fernanda , Pereira Hungaro Larissa , Ghedini Garcia Lopes Miriam
Published: November 2024

O objetivo deste estudo foi entender a relação entre a Vertigem Posicional Paroxística Benigna (VPPB) e o diabetes, e suas implicações para o diagnóstico, tratamento e prevenção dessas condições. O Diabetes Mellitus (DM) é uma das doenças crônicas mais prevalentes no mundo e no Brasil. O DM tipo 2 (DM2), frequentemente associado à obesidade nas pessoas com mais de 40 anos e tem como característica a hiperglicemia crônica devido à deficiência na secreção ou ação da insulina. Fatores ambientais, genéticos e comportamentais aumentam o risco de DM2, que tem sido ligado a comprometimentos na função vestibular e no equilíbrio, resultando em quedas frequentes especialmente em idosos. A VPPB é comum em pacientes com DM, caracterizada por episódios de tontura induzidos por movimentos da cabeça e pode afetar significativamente a qualidade de vida ao limitar movimentos e atividades rotineiras. Está associada a comorbidades como hipertensão, osteoporose e dislipidemia. Estudos mostram maior prevalência de VPPB em indivíduos com diabetes, com 46% dos portadores de DM2 afetados em comparação com 37% sem diabetes, e maior prevalência em pessoas com DM1. A relação entre VPPB e diabetes é relevante para estudos devido ao seu impacto significativo na saúde pública, influenciando o diagnóstico, tratamento e prevenção dessas condições. Foi possível concluir por meio dos estudos elencados que as pessoas com diabetes apresentam maior ocorrência de VPPB, além da disfunção vestibular, comorbidades não tão recorrentes como a falta da vitamina D e disfunção da tireoide que também tem relação com sintomas vestibulares e auditivos.
About a property of first-order autonomous differential equations
Authors: Gasanov Magomedyusuf
Published: November 2024

We find the solution of a first-order autonomous differential equation defined on the entire real line. This problem is solved using elements of mathematical analysis and topology.
PREVALÊNCIA E IMPACTO DA CEFALEIA SENTINELA NO CONTEXTO DE HEMORRAGIA SUBARACNÓIDE ESPONTÂNEA POR ROTURA DE ANEURISMA CEREBRAL: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Guimarães Ana Beatriz Almeida Leite , Rios Leticia Macêdo Osterno Neves , Nolêto Gustavo Sousa , Sousa Júnior Leonardo De Moura , Oliveira Adélia Dalva da Silva
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Sentinel headache is a sudden and intense headache that can occur days or weeks before a ruptured cerebral aneurysm and before Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SSAH). It is characterized by sudden and intense pain, often described as a "thunderclap headache" and may be accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Understanding the prevalence of sentinel headache is crucial, as it can serve as a warning sign that allows early diagnosis and intervention before aneurysm rupture. Objectives: to analyze the real prevalence of sentinel headache in patients who present with ruptured cerebral aneurysm. As well as to identify a possible relationship between the presence of sentinel headache and morbidity and mortality of patients with spontaneous SAH due to ruptured intracranial aneurysm. Methodology: This is an integrative review of the literature. A literature search was performed using the online search engines PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Public Knowledge Project (PKP). Results: A total of 4 articles were included in this study. The prevalence of sentinel headache was 43%. The results are presented in a table describing the articles found, according to database, author(s), year, objectives, methods, results, and conclusion. Conclusion: Understanding the prevalence of sentinel headache, which is significant, leads to a higher degree of clinical suspicion in the face of characteristic conditions and contributes to the earlier detection of unruptured cerebral aneurysms, which leads to a reduction in the incidence of SAH, a disease with high morbidity and mortality.
ATUAÇÃO DO CIRURGIÃO DENTISTA EM AMBIENTE HOSPITALAR
Authors: Fernandes Mendla Laiane Viana , Heimlich Fernanda
Published: November 2024

The study presents a literature review aimed at highlighting the importance of the dental surgeon (DS) in hospital settings. The role of this professional is crucial for the overall health of patients, especially those admitted to intensive care units (ICU), where systemic complications such as ventilator-associated pneumonia can be prevented through proper oral care. The DS’s role goes beyond traditional dental care, encompassing the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of oral conditions that can directly affect patient recovery. The literature review was conducted using a qualitative approach, based on a bibliographic search of relevant scientific articles on the subject. The databases consulted included Bireme, Google Scholar, Scielo, and PubMed, aiming to provide a comprehensive view of the DS’s impact on promoting health and preventing complications in hospital environments. The results of the review emphasize the need to integrate the dental surgeon into multidisciplinary hospital teams, as their involvement significantly contributes to reducing infections and other systemic complications related to oral health. Furthermore, the presence of this professional can optimize patient recovery time, improve quality of life during hospitalization, and reduce hospital costs associated with the treatment of secondary complications. These findings reinforce the importance of public policies that promote the systematic inclusion of the DS in hospital settings.
Otome Games and Fictosexuality: Exploring Queer Narratives in Digital Spaces
Authors: Sun Yanpei
Published: November 2024

This article explores the dynamic interaction between otome games and fictosexuality, focusing on how these digital spaces provide a platform for challenging traditional gender norms, particularly within the context of Chinese society. Through the lens of queer theory, the study emphasizes that otome games are not only sources of entertainment but also cultural tools that reflect and shape attitudes toward gender, desire, and intimacy. The increasing acceptance of fictosexuality—sexual or romantic attraction to fictional characters—within the context of otome games disrupts mainstream notions of heterosexuality and opens new avenues for understanding both real and virtual relationships. Additionally, the analysis reveals the potential of social media in fostering these discussions, enabling players to form communities where they can express their desires, emotions, and identities without the constraints imposed by traditional societal norms. While queer identities in otome games have been commercialized, this genre significantly contributes to the empowerment of women and queer players by offering alternative narratives that allow for self-exploration and resistance to societal expectations. The article provides unique insights into the impact of intimate relationships in digital spaces on real-world social norms, promoting broader discussions of gender and sexuality within Chinese digital culture.
Effect of Myrosinase Enzyme Encoding Gene Knockout on the Bitter Taste of Broccoli: A CRISPR-Cas9 Experimental Proposal
Authors: Shu Christopher
Published: November 2024

Many people perceive bitterness when consuming broccoli. Glucosinolates and their degraded products are the main contributors to the bitter taste. Production and hydrolysis of glucosinolates require c gene using CRISPR-Cas9 will reduce broccoli’s bitter taste. This study also hypothesized that knocking out the myrosinase encoding gene will reduce bitterness in broccoli. The research involves designing a plasmid to deliver the CRISPR-Cas9 system to target and disrupt broccoli’s myrosinase enzyme encoding gene. Successful completion of this proposal could lead to the development of a broccoli variety that is more palatable to a broader population, potentially increasing its consumption and associated health benefits.
الحفاظ على البيئة في القرآن الكريم: دراسة للمبادئ البيئية والممارسات المستدامة
Authors: سوار مالك محمد
Published: November 2024

تستكشف هذه الدراسة تعاليم القرآن الكريم حول الحفاظ على البيئة، مع التركيز على المبادئ البيئية والممارسات المستدامة. من خلال منهج تحليلي، تتناول الدراسة الآيات القرآنية ذات الصلة للكشف عن التوجيه الإلهي بشأن مسؤولية الإنسان تجاه الطبيعة. تسلط الدراسة الضوء على تركيز القرآن على التوازن (الميزان) والاعتدال (الوسطية) وتجنب الفساد (الفساد) باعتبارها مبادئ أساسية لحماية البيئة. كما تناقش التحديات البيئية المعاصرة من خلال ربطها بالقيم القرآنية، مقدمة رؤى حول ممارسات مستدامة تتماشى مع تعاليم الإسلام. وتؤكد النتائج على الصلة الدائمة للقرآن في تعزيز الانسجام البيئي وتعزيز علاقة مستدامة بين الإنسان والبيئة.
Geração screenagers:
Authors: Rigo Tibola Andreia , Ajudo Sim Educacional Ajudo Sim Educacional
Published: November 2024

À medida que as tecnologias digitais se tornaram onipresentes no cotidiano, houve uma alteração na forma de acesso a informações e de comunicação, modificando como os indivíduos interagem entre si e com o mundo. Como consequência, novas gerações surgiram demandando mudanças e impactando diversos setores, inclusive o educacional. Assim, pergunta-se: “Como a Geração Screenager impacta o contexto educacional? Quais desafios e possibilidades surgem para docentes e instituições de ensino?”. O presente estudo de revisão de literatura objetivou analisar os estudos sobre as potencialidades e desafios que a Geração Screenagers traz ao contexto educacional, presentes em artigos científicos brasileiros no período de 2014 à 2024. Para tal propósito, conduziu-se uma análise qualitativa da literatura, utilizando a metodologia de pesquisa bibliográfica, nas bases de busca Google Acadêmico e Scielo, através das seguintes combinações de palavras: "Geração Screenager", "Ensino" e "Educação". A análise dos estudos sobre a Geração Screenagers revela que, embora essa geração traga potencialidades significativas para o ambiente educacional, como a facilidade com dispositivos tecnológicos e a aptidão para explorar e compartilhar conhecimentos online, ela também apresenta desafios. Entre as principais dificuldades estão a desmotivação com métodos tradicionais de ensino e a falta de preparo de muitos educadores para incorporar eficazmente as tecnologias digitais nas práticas pedagógicas. Para superar esses obstáculos, os educadores precisam adaptar estratégias de ensino, incorporando métodos interativos e atualizando constantemente suas competências digitais. Além disso, a revisão curricular para tornar os programas de ensino mais flexíveis e a promoção do uso equilibrado de tecnologias são essenciais
Inteligência Artificial
Authors: Ajudo Sim Educacional Ajudo Sim Educacional , Mochnacz Isaura
Published: November 2024

A Inteligência Artificial trouxe novos parâmetros para a informática da saúde, e de maneira genérica, pode vir a ser conceituada como um sistema baseado em máquinas que pode, para um determinado conjunto de objetivos definidos pelo homem, fazer previsões, recomendações ou decisões que influenciam ambientes reais ou virtuais. A Inteligência Artificial quando utilizada em qualquer área da saúde, envolve algoritmos e modelos de aprendizagem para que sejam processados todos os possíveis dados relacionados a saúde. Diversos hospitais e serviços de saúde em todo o mundo já se beneficiam da Inteligência Artificial, que promete otimizar o trabalho dos médicos e de toda a equipe de profissionais envolvida, para que assim acabe por transformar as atividades mais básicas e beneficiar os pacientes, que são os principais usuários. Em praticamente todas as áreas atuantes na saúde utilizam de aula forma a Inteligência Artificial, seja para diagnósticos, tratamentos, admissão de pacientes ou até mesmo, gerenciamento de prontuários. Esse trabalho tem como objetivos avaliar os impactos da inteligência artificial diante dos diagnósticos e tratamentos de doenças, para identificar os desafios enfrentados pelos profissionais que atuam na área da saúde. A metodologia utilizada baseia-se na revisão bibliográfica de autores e pesquisadores, nos últimos 10 anos, em que foram adotados critérios de exclusão e inclusão pré-determinados. Busca-se compreender os impactos e desafios no diagnóstico e tratamento de doenças na área da saúde. O trabalho conclui que a Inteligência Artificial está cada vez mais presente na área da saúde, entretanto, jamais irá substituir a prática profissional nesse contexto
ПОДХОДЫ К ПОСТРОЕНИЮ СИСТЕМЫ ПРОАКТИВНОЙ АДРЕСНОЙ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ ПОМОЩИ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ КАЗАХСТАН
Authors: Таубаев А.А. , Кенжебеков Н.Д. , Жайлауов Е.Б , Улыбышев Д.Н.
Published: November 2024

В настоящее время комплексные подходы, направленные на разработку современных форм социальной защиты, реактивных и проактивных мер государственной социальной политики, базируются на положениях концепции адаптивности социальной помощи (АСП). Адаптивный подход к социальной защите требует, чтобы все разрабатываемые механизмы АСП основывались на развитой правовой и институциональной основе. Это должно обеспечить как стабильность программы, так и признание бенефициаров правообладателями. При этом под проактивным механизмом адресной социальной помощи авторы понимают предотвращение ухудшения социального и экономического положения домохозяйств, находящихся в уязвимом положении, и поддержке их интеграции в общество.

На основе глубинных интервью и анкетного опроса экспертов (профессионалов, занятых в системе социальной защиты населения страны), а также анкетных опросов получателей адресной социальной помощи получен ряд научных результатов, а именно: применительно к действующей в Казахстане системе адресной социальной помощи составлен портрет получателя АСП; определены особенности системы АСП, влияющие на степень адресности помощи; выявлены особенности и проблемы действующей системы обусловленных денежных трансфертов при оценке ее способности решить проблему бедности в Казахстане.

Авторами предлагается использование такой системы предоставления адресной социальной помощи, элементами которой являются четыре блока: 1. Ранее выявление круга лиц, находящихся в зоне риска. 2. Система АСП, ориентированная на расходы. 3. Социальная интеграция. 4. Профилактика.
Elevation of postgraduate research status at South African universities: a systematic literature review
Authors: Sundani Ndivhuwo Doctor , Mangaka Amukelani Collen
Published: November 2024

According to reports, a crisis is brewing in South African postgraduate education for the same reasons that tertiary education is in turmoil today. Since the dawn of democracy, governments and universities have sought equity in higher education within the constraints of limited public funds, resulting in difficult decisions and trade-offs. Thus, this study adopts a systematic literature review (SLR) to explore postgraduate research status at South African universities. The researchers used the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis” (PRISMA) guidelines as their research methodology. The researchers used Google Scholar, EBSCOhost, Sabinet and ResearchGate, as well as other databases, to retrieve and analyse information from journal articles, conference papers, and reports. To that end, this study identifies three (3) key themes associated with the enhancement of postgraduate research status at South African universities. The themes are (1) the importance of postgraduate research at South African universities; (2) challenges to postgraduate research at South African universities; and (3) strategies for improving the status of postgraduate research at South African universities. The collected data ranged from 2006 to 2024. The human capital theory (HCT) was chosen as the theoretical lens because it proposes that people invest in education for future benefits. The findings revealed numerous academic challenges affecting postgraduate research. These include issues with funding, training, and supervision, among other things. The paper recommends that universities invest in academic support programmes, training, and funding for postgraduate studies.
Bidrag til Østgrønlændernes Anthropologi.
Authors: Hansen Søren
Published: November 2024

Intet resumé.
Commissionens Forslag til Undersøgelsen af Grønlands Østkyst
Authors: Johnstrup F. , Ravn N. F. , Rink H.
Published: November 2024

Intet resume
Undersøgelse af Grønlands Vestkyst fra 64° til 67° N. B. 1884 og 1885.
Authors: Jensen J. A. D.
Published: November 2024

Intet resumé.
Non-anthropocentrism as Participation alongside Perspective: Indigenous Philosophers and Dynamics of Inter-species Kinship
Authors: Wehrheim Kat
Published: November 2024

Contemporary Western alternatives to anthropocentrism – such as sentientism or biocentrism – rely on the scope of human knowledge exceeding its realistic limitations. As a corollary, although these models continue to be helpful in discerning ethical conduct, additional resources are going to be required. Initially arguing from within a representationalist paradigm, this paper shows that besides our inability reliably to assess the capacities of non-human species, we have also yet to learn what other factors, besides capacity, may be relevant to a non-human’s moral considerability. Subsequently arguing from within a participationalist paradigm, this paper shows that we cannot preconceive all we may be in the process of co-creating. This leaves any model grounded solely in the already existing open to finding itself incapable of relating to the new. It is in the co-creativity of the latter that a potential starting point for resolution begins to emerge: drawing upon Indigenous conceptions of performative knowledge processes in non-objectifying relationality, this paper shows dynamics of inter-species kinship, at times partially traceable through evolutionary relationship, to be a source of non-propositional learning relevant to ethical concerns.
Seaweed-enriched Cookies: A Nutritional and Functional Perspective
Authors: Hajare R. B. , Pagarkar A. U. , Desai A. S. , Koli J. M. , Shingare P. E. , Gopan Soorya , Satam S. B. , Sawant A. N.
Published: November 2024

Seaweed and seaweed-based products are gaining global attention due to their health-benefiting properties. For the last three decades, seaweeds have been used as nutraceutical food, as they provide dietary benefits. It offers a rich source of nutrients, including minerals, vitamins, and fibre, while also possessing unique functional properties such as water and oil absorption.  Due to their functional characteristics, the incorporation of seaweed into bakery products is becoming a novel strategy to develop nutritionally enriched value-added products. Cookies are one of the most popular bakery products, with high consumer preference. The incorporation of seaweed offers a promising avenue for enhancing the nutritional value of cookies. It improves the physical, sensorial, and nutritional properties of cookies. This review seeks to explore the significance of seaweed consumption, the development of value-added cookies incorporating seaweed, and the impact of seaweed on the overall quality of cookies.
Machine Learning-enabled Smart Sensors for Real-time Industrial Monitoring: Revolutionizing Predictive Analytics and Decision-making in Diverse Sector
Authors: Obioha-Val Onyinye , Olaniyi Oluwaseun Oladeji , Selesi-Aina Oluwatosin , Gbadebo Michael Olayinka , Kolade Titilayo Modupe
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the integration of machine learning (ML) algorithms with smart sensor technologies across manufacturing, energy, and healthcare sectors, focusing on their impact on real-time industrial monitoring, predictive maintenance, and operational efficiency. By utilizing data from the UCI Machine Learning Repository and Kaggle, this research measures the effectiveness of ML-enabled sensors in reducing machine downtime and enhancing fault detection. Time series analysis and regression modeling reveal that sensor integration leads to a significant 5.5% improvement in machine uptime, raising average uptime from 91.5% to 97%, thus validating the role of predictive maintenance. Cost-benefit analysis further highlights that the energy sector achieves the highest financial returns, with a 33.3% ROI and a positive Net Present Value (NPV) over five years, demonstrating substantial cost savings relative to initial investment. Findings underscore the importance of sensor infrastructure compatibility, emphasizing the need for adaptable frameworks such as edge computing and digital twin technology to ensure efficient integration with legacy systems. Recommendations include industry-wide adoption strategies that leverage these technologies to optimize predictive maintenance and maximize sector-specific financial returns.
Agroforestry: A Multifunctional Landuse System for Sustainable Agricultural Production under Climate Change Scenario
Authors: Bhol Nirakar , Parida Subhasmita , Dash Abhiram
Published: November 2024

Climate change is a serious issue for the entire world threatening the agricultural production systems. The sustainability of food production and other agricultural products is a big question for coming days and hence the survival of man and other organisms in future. Agroforestry, if properly implemented, is capable of providing solutions to many problems related to climate change. It is a resilient land-use system which mimics nature's design, contributes to 9 out of 17 UN's sustainable development goals (SDG). Its multifunctional ability makes agriculture climate-smart and provides enormous goods and services to society. It has potential to enhance overall productivity of agricultural land (10-100%), reduce the burden of carbon release from agricultural sector (1-25 Mg C ha−1 year-1), improve physico-chemical properties of soil, improve nutritional security, reduce poverty, create resilient livelihood, improve water quality, enhance biodiversity, lower the use of agrochemical, support industrial growth, generate employment, provide healthy food, promote rural tourism, provide comfortable working environment, save natural forests, etc. For deriving maximum flow of agricultural benefits from lands and combat climate change issues, different agroforestry systems should be practiced as per the potential of land capability classes. Agroforestry has also many challenges for its wider adoptability. Suitable policies and actions should be taken at local, national and international level to promote agroforestry as a tool for sustainable agricultural production in the scenario of climate change.
One-year weight loss maintenance outcomes following a worksite-based weight reduction program among Japanese men with cardiovascular risk factors
Authors: Tsukinoki Rumi , Okamura Tomonori , Okuda Nagako , Kadota Aya , Murakami Yoshitaka , Yanagita Masahiko , Miyamatsu Naomi , Miura Katsuyuki , Ueshima Hirotsugu
Published: February 2019

Objectives

Worksite-based programs present a simple and effective approach to facilitate weight reduction in employees. Despite the importance of 1-year weight loss maintenance, studies have generally focused on the short-term effects of weight reduction programs. In addition, little is known about the long-term weight maintenance outcomes in Asian populations. We examined the long-term maintenance effects of a worksite-based weight reduction program among Japanese men with cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods

The study sample comprised 58 overweight men with cardiovascular risk factors who had voluntarily participated in a randomized crossover trial involving a 3-month weight reduction program. Participants were followed up for 1 year after the trial concluded, and both groups were merged for the analysis. We compared the changes in body weight before the post-trial follow-up and after 12 months to examine the long-term maintenance effects of the program. Changes in other cardiovascular risk factors (eg, waist circumference, blood pressure, lipid measures, and diabetes-related measures) were also examined.

Results

Both groups of study participants achieved weight loss during the weight reduction program. Total 53 participants (91.4%) completed the 12-month post-trial follow-up. There were no significant changes in mean body weight (mean: −0.11, 95% confidence interval: −0.7-0.49 kg) and other cardiovascular risk factors between the beginning and end of the follow-up period.

Conclusions

This study showed that the worksite-based weight reduction program not only enabled short-term weight loss, but that the participants were able to successfully maintain their weight for 1 year after the program without any supplementary interventions.
Retrospective and Predictive Investigation of Fish Kill Events
Authors: Phelps Nicholas B. D. , Bueno Irene , Poo-Muñoz Daniela A. , Knowles Sarah J. , Massarani Sarah , Rettkowski Rebecca , Shen Ling , Rantala Heidi , Phelps Paula L. F. , Escobar Luis E.
Published: February 2019

Fish kill investigations are critical to understanding threats to aquatic ecosystems and can serve as a measure of environmental disruption as well as an early indicator of emerging disease. The goal of this study was to analyze historical data related to such events among wild fish populations in Minnesota in order to assess the quality and completeness of the data and potential trends in fish kills. After excluding events with incomplete data (e.g., in which the location was not reported), we analyzed 225 unique fish kills from 2003 to 2013 that were recorded in two Minnesota Department of Natural Resources databases. The most reported fish kills occurred during 2007 (n =41) and during the month of June (n =81) across all years. Centrarchid species were present in the most fish kills (138), followed by cyprinid and ictalurid species, which were present in 53 and 40 events, respectively. Environmental factors were the most common cause of death reported. Models of environmental factors revealed that the maximum nighttime land surface temperature was the most critical factor in fish mortality, followed by changes in primary productivity and human disturbances. During the course of this study, data gaps were identified, including underreporting, inconsistent investigation, and the lack of definitive diagnoses, making interpretation of our results challenging. Even so, understanding these historical trends and data gaps can be useful in generating hypotheses and advancing data collection systems for investigating future fish kills. Our study is a primer investigation of fish kills providing information on the plausible areas, seasons, and fish groups at risk that can guide active environmental monitoring and epidemiological surveillance of fishes.
Attractive In Situ Self‐Reconstructed Hierarchical Gradient Structure of Metallic Glass for High Efficiency and Remarkable Stability in Catalytic Performance
Authors: Jia Zhe , Wang Qing , Sun Ligang , Wang Qi , Zhang Lai‐Chang , Wu Ge , Luan Jun‐Hua , Jiao Zeng‐Bao , Wang Anding , Liang Shun‐Xing , Gu Meng , Lu Jian
Published: February 2019

Metallic glass (MG), with the superiorities of unique disordered atomic structure and intrinsic chemical heterogeneity, is a new promising and competitive member in the family of environmental catalysts. However, what is at stake for MG catalysts is that their high catalytic efficiency is always accompanied by low stability and the disordered atomic configurations, as well as the structural evolution, related to catalytic performance, which raises a primary obstacle for their widespread applications. Herein, a non‐noble and multicomponent Fe83Si2B11P3C1 MG catalyst that presents a fascinating catalytic efficiency while maintaining remarkable stability for wastewater remediation is developed. Results indicate that the excellent efficiency of the MG catalysts is ascribed to a unique atomic coordination that causes an electronic delocalization with an enhanced electron transfer. More importantly, the in situ self‐reconstructed hierarchical gradient structure, which comprises a top porous sponge layer and a thin amorphous oxide interfacial layer encapsulating the MG surface, provides matrix protection together with high permeability and more active sites. This work uncovers a new strategy for designing high‐performance non‐noble metallic catalysts with respect to structural evolution and alteration of electronic properties, establishing a solid foundation in widespread catalytic applications.
Programmable Acoustic Metasurfaces
Authors: Tian Zhenhua , Shen Chen , Li Junfei , Reit Eric , Gu Yuyang , Fu Hai , Cummer Steven A. , Huang Tony Jun
Published: February 2019

Metasurfaces open up unprecedented potential for wave engineering using subwavelength sheets. However, a severe limitation of current acoustic metasurfaces is their poor reconfigurability to achieve distinct functions on demand. Here a programmable acoustic metasurface that contains an array of tunable subwavelength unit cells to break the limitation and realize versatile two‐dimensional wave manipulation functions is reported. Each unit cell of the metasurface is composed of a straight channel and five shunted Helmholtz resonators, whose effective mass can be tuned by a robust fluidic system. The phase and amplitude of acoustic waves transmitting through each unit cell can be modulated dynamically and continuously. Based on such mechanism, the metasurface is able to achieve versatile wave manipulation functions, by engineering the phase and amplitude of transmission waves in the subwavelength scale. Through acoustic field scanning experiments, multiple wave manipulation functions, including steering acoustic waves, engineering acoustic beams, and switching on/off acoustic energy flow by using one design of metasurface are visually demonstrated. This work extends the metasurface research and holds great potential for a wide range of applications including acoustic imaging, communication, levitation, and tweezers.
Constructing CsPbBr3 Cluster Passivated‐Triple Cation Perovskite for Highly Efficient and Operationally Stable Solar Cells
Authors: Zhou Wenke , Chen Shulin , Zhao Yicheng , Li Qi , Zhao Yao , Fu Rui , Yu Dapeng , Gao Peng , Zhao Qing
Published: February 2019

Ion migration and phase segregation, in mixed‐cation/anion perovskite materials, raises a bottleneck for its stability improvement in solar cells operation. Here, the synergetic effect of electric field and illumination on the phase segregation of Cs0.05FA0.80MA0.15Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3 (CsFAMA) perovskite is demonstrated. CsFAMA perovskite with a CsPbBr3‐clusters passivated structure is realized, in which CsPbBr3‐clusters are located at the surface/interface of CsFAMA grains. This structure is realized by introducing a CsPbBr3 colloidal solution into the CsFAMA precursor. It is found that CsPbBr3 passivation greatly suppresses phase segregation in CsFAMA perovskite. The resultant passivated CsFAMA also exhibits a longer photoluminescence lifetime due to reduced defect state densities, produces highly efficient TiO2‐based planar solar cells with 20.6% power conversion efficiency and 1.195 V open‐circuit voltage. The optimized devices do not suffer from a fast burn‐in degradation and retain 90% of their initial performance at maximum power under one‐sun illumination at 25 °C (65 °C) exceeding 500 h (100 h) of continuous operation. This result represents the most stable output among CsFAMA solar cells in a planar structure with Spiro‐OMeTAD.
Evaluating CAR‐T Cell Therapy in a Hypoxic 3D Tumor Model
Authors: Ando Yuta , Siegler Elizabeth L. , Ta Hoang P. , Cinay Gunce E. , Zhou Hao , Gorrell Kimberly A. , Au Hannah , Jarvis Bethany M. , Wang Pin , Shen Keyue
Published: February 2019

Despite its revolutionary success in hematological malignancies, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR‐T) cell therapy faces disappointing clinical results in solid tumors. The poor efficacy has been partially attributed to the lack of understanding in how CAR‐T cells function in a solid tumor microenvironment. Hypoxia plays a critical role in cancer progression and immune editing, which potentially results in solid tumors escaping immunosurveillance and CAR‐T cell‐mediated cytotoxicity. Mechanistic studies of CAR‐T cell biology in a physiological environment has been limited by the complexity of tumor‐immune interactions in clinical and animal models, as well as by a lack of reliable in vitro models. A microdevice platform that recapitulates a 3D tumor section with a gradient of oxygen and integrates fluidic channels surrounding the tumor for CAR‐T cell delivery is engineered. The design allows for the evaluation of CAR‐T cell cytotoxicity and infiltration in the heterogeneous oxygen landscape of in vivo solid tumors at a previously unachievable scale in vitro.
Platinum Nanoparticles to Enable Electrodynamic Therapy for Effective Cancer Treatment
Authors: Gu Tongxu , Wang Yao , Lu Yunhao , Cheng Liang , Feng Liangzhu , Zhang Hui , Li Xiang , Han Gaorong , Liu Zhuang
Published: February 2019

Electrochemical therapy (EChT), by inserting electrodes directly into tumors to kill cancer cells under direct current (DC), is clinically used in several countries. In EChT, the drastic pH variation nearby the inserted electrodes is the main cause of tumor damage. However, its limited effective area and complex electrode configuration have hindered the clinical application of EChT in treating diverse tumor types. Herein, a conceptually new electric cancer treatment approach is presented through an electro‐driven catalytic reaction with platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) under a square‐wave alternating current (AC). The electric current triggers a reaction between water molecules and chloride ions on the surface of the PtNPs, generating cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals. Such a mechanism, called electrodynamic therapy (EDT), enables effective killing of cancer cells within the whole electric field, in contrast to EChT, which is limited to areas nearby electrodes. Remarkable tumor destruction efficacy is further demonstrated in this in vivo EDT treatment with PtNPs. Therefore, this study presents a new type of cancer therapy strategy with a tumor‐killing mechanism different from existing methods, using nanoparticles with electrocatalytic functions. This EDT method appears to be minimally invasive, and is able to offer homogeneous killing effects to the entire tumor with a relatively large size.
Importance of Surface Functionalities for Antibacterial Properties of Carbon Spheres
Authors: Adolfsson Karin H. , Golda‐Cepa Monika , Erdal Nejla B. , Duch Joanna , Kotarba Andrzej , Hakkarainen Minna
Published: February 2019

Carbon spheres (CS) are interesting materials for antibacterial applications. Herein, CS are produced by a green process utilizing microwave‐assisted hydrothermal treatment of cellulose. The CS are then postmodified in acidic and basic solutions to evaluate the influence of different functionalities on antibacterial properties. CS contain OH/COOH, CC, and CO functionalities, while O‐CS produced by acid treatment of CS have additional COOH, and NH/NH2 groups, resulting in carbon spheres with negatively and positively charged groups in dispersion. Treatment with base (Na‐CS) removes low molecular weight species with oxygen and results in carbon spheres with the highest C/O ratio. CS, O‐CS, and Na‐CS have nonporous morphology and are in micro/nanometer sizes, although, smaller sized spheres, hollow spheres, and fragments are also attained in the case of O‐CS. O‐CS show antibacterial activity toward both Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Gram‐negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). The minimum inhibitory concentration is 200 and 400 µg mL−1 for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, respectively, and is achieved only after 3 h of incubation. Neither CS nor Na‐CS exhibit antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity is suggested to originate from electrostatic interactions between O‐CS and the bacteria.
Influence of inner vapor transfer property of a freeze dryer on the design space of drying process
Authors: Nakagawa Kyuya , Tamiya Shinri
Published: February 2019

A freeze dryer with a radiative heating device was constructed and the inner vapor transfer property was regulated by separating the drying chamber and the condenser with an orifice. A mathematical model was used to obtain the contour diagrams of the selected parameters (e.g., product temperature and total drying period) during drying as a function of the heating condition and chamber pressure. Furthermore, the inner vapor transfer coefficients of the freeze dryer were used to draw the operation lines on the diagrams. The combinations of contour diagrams and operation lines clearly depict the design spaces. It was confirmed that the inner vapor transfer property substantially affected the acceptable operation range, and it was revealed that this coefficient is key to quantify the performance of a freeze dryer. This coefficient could also be used to predict the occurrence of choked flow during a freeze‐drying run.
Sedentary behavior and metabolic syndrome in physically active adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003‐2006
Authors: Kim Heontae , Kang Minsoo
Published: February 2019

Objectives

The detrimental associations of sedentary behavior (SB) with metabolic syndrome have been shown to be independent of moderate‐to‐vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA). Therefore, researchers, in addition to promoting MVPA, are calling attention to the need to reduce SB. However, there has been limited research on the association of SB with metabolic syndrome among those who already meet the PA guidelines. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between objectively measured SB and metabolic syndrome among those who meet the PA guideline.

Methods

A total of 1613 adults (>17 years) who met the PA guideline of 150 minutes/week of MVPA from the 2003 to 2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included in the analysis. For analytical purposes, four sub‐groups of SB were created based on quartiles of SB minutes. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the ATP III guidelines.

Results

When controlling for covariates, participants in the fourth quartile of SB time (≥539 minutes/day) were more likely to report metabolic syndrome (OR = 3.16; 95% CI: 1.47, 6.80) compared to those in the first quartile of SB time (≤380 minutes/day). Also, participants in the third quartile of SB time (454‐539 minutes/day) were more likely to report metabolic syndrome (OR = 2.11; 95% CI: 1.25, 3.56) compared to those in the first quartile of SB time.

Conclusion

This finding suggests that, even in those who meet the PA guidelines, detrimental associations with metabolic syndrome are observed with increasing SB time.
A Highly Sensitive Two‐Photon Ratiometric Probe for Rapid Detection of the hNQO1 Enzyme in Colon Cancer Tissue
Authors: Cho Myoung Ki , Juvekar Vinayak , Lim Chang Su , Noh Choong‐Kyun , Shin Sung Jae , Kim Hwan Myung
Published: February 2019

hNQO1 is an intracellular flavoenzyme that protects cells from oxidative stress, redox cycling, and neoplastic lesions that convert endogenous and exogenous quinones to hydroquinone. Since hNQO1 is overexpressed in several human tumor cells, we carried out sensitive and rapid quantitative analyses of hNQO1 in live cells and human colon tissue in detail by utilizing an hNQO1 enzyme selective two‐photon fluorescent probe (SHC‐E). The probe consists of trimethyl‐locked quinone linked to 6‐(benzo[d]thiazol‐20‐yl)‐2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)naphthalene (BTDAN) via a para‐hydroxybenzyl alcohol spacer, which focuses on the trigger group for its easy lactonization after hNQO1‐catalyzed NADH reduction. By changing the N‐methyl amide group on the self‐cleavable linker to an ester, we achieved high sensitivity and fast response of the probe toward hNQO1. Furthermore, live‐cell imaging with SHC‐E enabled its use in hNQO1 activity studies in HT‐29 cells and hNQO1‐negative cell lines (MDA‐MB‐231 and CCD18Co), whereas deep‐tissue two‐photon imaging of hNQO1 eliminated the need for tissue homogenization. The results show that the SHC‐E ratiometric fluorescence‐based two‐photon sensor is capable of utilizing near‐infrared light as the excitation source for selective detection of the cancer biomarker hNQO1 in vivo, and that it could become a tool for early colon cancer diagnosis where a notable increase in hNQO1 activity is found.
Organoboron Schiff bases as cell‐staining fluorescent probes: Synthesis, Chemio‐photophysical characterization, DFT, and X‐ray structures
Authors: Ibarra‐Rodríguez Marisol , Muñoz‐Flores Blanca M. , Gómez‐Treviño Alberto , Chan‐Navarro Rodrigo , Berrones‐Reyes Jessica C. , Chávez‐Reyes Arturo , Dias H.V. Rasika , Sánchez Vázquez Mario , Jiménez‐Pérez Víctor M.
Published: February 2019

The fluorescence imaging technologies are becoming the most powerful and noninvasive diagnostic tools in cellular biology and modern medicine where abnormal cell arrangements are associated with diseases. Thus, these techniques require new fluorescent dyes with excellent chemical, physical, and photophysical properties. A series of four new Boron Schiff bases (1–4) has been prepared by condensation between phenylboronic acid with the corresponding ligand. The compounds were characterized by NMR (1H, 13C, and 11B), UV/vis, fluorescence spectroscopy, and high‐resolution mass spectrometry. The crystal structures of three compounds showed tetracoordinated Boron atoms with semiplanar skeleton ligands. Interesting organoboron response to viscosity on their fluorescence (Φ: more than 3‐fold). Additionally, compounds 1 and 2 were found to serve as a fluorescent dye for cell imaging (B16F10, CaCo, and A‐431 cells) since it has the capability to rapidly accumulate within the cells and gave bright green fluorescence, it showed low cytotoxicity activity and high photostability in solution. Additionally, the compounds have also been investigated using DFT.
Pd‐Pt/modified GO as an efficient and selective heterogeneous catalyst for the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds to amino aromatic compounds by the hydrogen source
Authors: Salahshournia Hossein , Ghiaci Mehran
Published: February 2019

In this work, different nitroaromatic compounds were successfully reduced to their corresponding aromatic amines with excellent conversion and selectivity in methanol at 50 °C by using Pd‐Pt nanoparticles immobilized on the modified grapheme oxide (m‐GO) and hydrogen as the reducing source. The catalytic efficiency of Pd and Pd‐Pt loading on the modified GO was investigated for the reduction of various nitroaromatic compounds, and the Pd‐Pt/m‐GO system demonstrated the highest conversion and selectivity. The catalyst was characterized by different techniques including FT‐IR, Raman, UV–Vis, XRD, BET, XPS, FESEM, EDS, and TEM. The metal nanoparticles with the size of less than 10 nm were uniformly distributed on the m‐GO. The catalyst could be reused at least five times without losing activity, showing the stability of the catalyst structure. Finally, the efficiency of the prepared catalyst was compared with Pd‐Pt/AC, and Pd‐Pt/GO catalysts.
Self‐alignment and calibration of a MEMS IMU: Improving observability and estimability by rotary motions of IMU
Authors: Du Shuang
Published: February 2019

The stationary self‐alignment and calibration (SSAC) for a low‐cost MEMS IMU is quite challenging due to the poor observability of an inertial system under static condition and the significant sensor errors of MEMS inertial sensors. This research proposes to employ IMU rotations to improve the system observability and estimability regarding the SSAC of a low‐cost MEMS IMU. IMU rotations about the X, Y, and Z axes are employed in this paper. The analytic estimation algorithm for each error state is derived and the observability of the system with IMU rotation is analyzed. As the observability analysis will not provide clues about how well an error state can be estimated, the estimability analysis is also conducted based on the eigenvalues and eigenvectors from the covariance matrix in the Kalman filter. Tests are conducted with a tri‐axial turntable to verify the improvements on system observability and estimability brought by IMU rotations. Of both theoretical analysis and results indicated with proper IMU rotations, only azimuth error still remains unobservable, and the IMU rotation also significantly improves the estimability of all error states, including the unobservable azimuth.
Synthesis and Band Gap Analysis of Designed Porphyrin Derivatives Containing Electron Donating and Accepting Group
Authors: Chang In‐Jung , Jeon Yea‐Sel , Hwang Kwang‐Jin
Published: February 2019

Symmetric (DD, AA1–AA5) and non‐symmetric (DA1) porphyrin derivatives were synthesized through McDonald coupling of bispyrrole 2D, 2A1–2A5 with the corresponding aldehyde 3 or diol 6 as a key step. The UV–Vis spectrum and CV of those porphyrins were measured and analyzed for band gap and HOMO–LUMO energy. With the electron withdrawing group, the band gap of porphyrins PP was increased and that of metalloporphyrin PP–M decreased. The HOMO level of PP and LUMO level of PP–M were more lowered than the LUMO of PP and the HOMO of PP–M, respectively. The LUMO level of all PP and PP–M was lower than that of P3HT (−2.80 eV) and all HOMO energy of PP and PP–M was higher than that of PCBM (−6.20 eV).
Editorial issue 30.1
Authors: Thalmann Nadia Magnenat , Thalmann Daniel
Published: February 2019

No abstract is available for this article.
Unusual case of human herpesvirus 8‐positive large B‐cell lymphoma associated with Castleman disease
Authors: Sukswai Narittee , Lyapichev Kirill , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Khoury Joseph D.
Published: February 2019

Key Clinical Message

An overlap between human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) ‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma and HHV8‐positive germinotropic lymphoproliferative disorder has been proposed. We present a unique Epstein‐Barr virus‐associated case in which features of both conditions were present.
Radiographic manifestations of abnormal bone and mineral metabolism in end‐stage renal disease
Authors: Koratala Abhilash , Morales Lappot Joan , Kazory Amir
Published: February 2019

Key Clinical Message

Chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorder (CKD‐MBD) refers to a broader clinical syndrome that develops as a systemic disorder due to CKD, manifested by abnormalities in bone and mineral metabolism and/or extraskeletal calcification. In addition to serum biomarkers, imaging is a main tool in assessing extraskeletal calcification in CKD patients.