bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic growth and its key factors: an alternative view on the factors stimulating agriculture growth
Authors: Wajeetongratana Prateep
Published: June 2020

This research study makes an attempt to study the impacts of natural resources as well as financial and labor factors on economic development of contemporary states. Also, it investigates the correlation between all these factors mentioned above, in the context of countries’ economic growth. The obtained here results have helped us determine the core reasons behind international migration as a global phenomenon applicable to all countries without exceptions. Indirectly, we also demonstrate the transforming role of the labour factor as applied to economic development of countries and regions. Finally, positive impacts of a set of manufacturing factors on both international and domestic markets are demonstrated.
National Urban System dynamics in priorities of agricultural industry stimulation (the case of Russia)
Authors: Ushakov Denis
Published: June 2020

Cities’ transformation into active actors of international economic relations, their participation in international competition form a complex of relevant problems about efficiency of relationships between business and government, global competitive advantages of urban economies, quality of municipal governance, development and international integration of the urban system of the modern countries (including Russia). Paper examines a development of the modern features of the urban system in Russia, analyzes its macroeconomic indicators, actual problems, and evaluates various scenarios for the development of both individual urban economies and the entire urban system ofRussia.
The impact of economic crises on the Russian cheese market
Authors: Plotnikov Vladimir , Ugarova Iuliia , Ugarova Evgeniia
Published: June 2020

The market economy is developing cyclically. Periodically, crises arise in it. During the crisis, GDP decreases, unemployment increases, incomes of the population decrease, etc. The consequences of crises for different areas of economic activity are different. The purpose of the article is to study the impact of economic crises on the agro-industrial complex and national food market. The object of study is the Russian cheese market. The article analyses the impact of the crises of 1998, 2008, 2014 and 2020 in Russia on the national agribusiness and cheese market. The authors analysed the economic indicators of production and sale of cheese, revealed the structural and dynamic features of this market. According to the results of the study, causal relationships were found for changes in the Russian cheese market under the influence of economic crises. These results can be used to improve the public policy of regulating the national economy, ensuring food security, stimulation of agro-industrial complex and regulating the Russian cheesemarket.
Marketing of renewable energy sources
Authors: Lavrinenko Yaroslav , Tinyakova Victoria , Shishkina Larisa , Partevian Ruben
Published: June 2020

The article discusses the importance of marketing in the market of renewable energy sources. Alternative energy and its development significantly depend on the country and the climatic conditions of a particular area. In Russia, alternative energy, its development, lags behind world leaders. There are several reasons for this. The first reason is the large reserves of fuel and energy raw materials and their low cost. The second reason is the low utilization rate of the installed capacity of alternative energy. The third reason is that the weather conditions in Russia are nonhomogeneous and not very suitable for the development of alternative energy. A promising direction for the development of alternative energy is small alternative energy. Marketing is built on effective market segmentation, increasing end-user awareness and customer education efforts. The article also provides recommendations for improving the effectiveness of marketing, its special features, taking into account altruism, paternalism and moral satisfaction ofcustomers.
Problems of ecology and ensuring environmental safety in relation to toxic “Krasny Bor” dump site
Authors: Smirnova Elena
Published: June 2020

In the article the author raises the problem of ecology and ensuring environmental safety in relation to toxic “Krasny Bor” landfill. Comprehensive analysis of the existing system shortcomings to storage toxic industrial waste has been given. The principal threats of a dangerous object to the environment being in a critical state have been discussed. Reliable and high-quality environmental monitoring in the landfill is still absent. At all stages of the life cycle of the “Krasny Bor”, bureaucratic confusion impedes the development of environmentally oriented investment activities for the reclamation of toxic pits. The main elements of the project structure to remediate the “Krasny Bor” have been considered. It has been shown that the project must include all acceptable technological solutions related to landfill disposal and that it is necessary to focus on environmental protection and environmental safety of the area. In the framework of current situation at the disposal site, it does not seem impossible to solve the issues of ensuring environmental safety in the direction of moving towards sustainable and balanced development of the North-Westregion.
Formation of functional-role communication clusters based on morphological features of the verbal context
Authors: Meshkov Vladimir , Kochkovaya Natalia , Usova Irina
Published: June 2020

This work combines two approaches to the definition of the author’s style: statistical and linguistic (method of morphological analysis). The average data of the authors obtained on the basis of statisticalmorphological analysis are taken as an indications vector. The article shows that this technique allows to recognize the author’s style of the work with sufficient accuracy, on an average about 88 percent. It is shown that the closest measure of proximity to this technique is the Euclid distance. The prospects for the development of this approach areoutlined.
The role of design and visualization of handouts in the process of training personnel for the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Mokina Anna , Khoronko Lubov
Published: June 2020

Today, the educational process is closely related to informatization, digitalization and visualization of educational information. The article discusses the role of graphic design in the training process, especially in the agro-industrial complex. The task is to track how the effectiveness of pedagogical activity depends on the quality of visualization of the submitted material, especially handouts. There are also considered the issues of structuring educational material for training future staff of the agricultural complex. As a successful factor in training future specialists, the principle of visual and graphic accessibility of educational material, the principle of a harmonious set of text and illustrative materials that provide a high level of training, including in the process of independent work of the student, should be laid down. The article deals with the issue of interactive communication through a handout, which also develops the communicative ability of students. Training is a dialogue between the teacher and the student, which is also influenced by the quality of the design of the submitted information, especially illustrative information. The use of interactive, multimedia and visual technologies allows us to take into account the personal and individual characteristics of students
Social and psychological training as the communicative competence development tool for future agribusiness specialists
Authors: Chubova Elena , Bylkova Svetlana
Published: June 2020

The paper concentrates on studying the structure of the overall development of socio-psychological training which introduces new forms of dialogue and communication in society and all its spheres including education. It is shown that the socio-psychological training can be used as one of the active methods of developing communication skills in a student group. To detail the program objectives, the authors focus on the development of personality through optimizing forms of interpersonal communication. Furthermore, the authors have identified and justified the necessity of applying techniques aimed at the personality as a whole or its individual components to change them according to the training objectives. Emphasis is put on one of the key issues of organizing and conducting the training, namely the question of how to estimate its efficiency. The characteristic features of feedback, which is carried out in the form of conscious control of the communicative interaction of partners and tracking changes in their own behavior, are specified and described. Based on the study, the authors propose to strengthen practical results of the socio-psychological training through including a feedback questionnaire as an assessment tool for the resultsachieved.
The evolution of the institutional structure of the agricultural education in Russia
Authors: Fedotova Olga , Latun Vladimir , Merinova Yuliya , Ertel Anna
Published: June 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of the history of the formation of agricultural education in Russia. On the basis of the analysis of historical data, documents on creation of educational institutions and statistical data dynamics of emergence of new agricultural lowest schools, secondary schools, academies and institutes is established. It is shown that the first agricultural institutions were established in the 18th century with the participation of the great Russian scientist M. Lomonosov with the support of the Emperor. The first agricultural schools used foreign experience. A total of three agricultural schools were established. However, in the future there was a transition to training without the participation of foreigners. An analysis of the development of the education system in the 19th century found that the institutional structure changed significantly towards the emergence of institutions and academies. Model farms, model estates and new training areas have appeared personnel for horticulture, agronomists, beekeepers, horse breeders, etc. Private initiatives have facilitated the opening of new specialties. The state opened new specialized academies and faculties in polytechnic institutes. It is shown that traditions of improving the institutional system of training of personnel persist in modernRussia.
Conceptual content of the “healthy lifestyle” notion in the programs and activities for the formation of healthy lifestyle, carried out by teachers of preschool education in rural areas
Authors: Egorova Elena , Kuznecova Marina
Published: June 2020

The purpose of the study is to study the content of rural teachers ’ ideas PE a healthy lifestyle, which they broadcast in their work with children. The content analysis method is used to study 50 programs for the formation of a healthy lifestyle, which are being implemented in rural PE. The study showed that theoretical concepts more fully describe the “healthy lifestyle” notion, special attention is paid to the principles of its formation. Practical concepts are concentrated around human physiology, physical activity, sports, hygiene, and tempering. Axiological concepts receive a weak justification. The “healthy lifestyle” notion is revealed by rural teachers exclusively through the enumeration of its components. The unreliability of valeological information in the studied documents makes us doubt the competence of their authors. The nonfunctionality of the existing model of a healthy lifestyle requires additional research in the field ofvaleology, addressing the issue of the role of the worldview in this area, and strengthening the valeological and cultural aspects of teacher training. There is a need to strengthen the educational component aimed at forming ideas about the specifics of the lifestyle, culture and value system of rural and urbanresidents.
Applying of information and communication technologies in the education process
Authors: Gafiatulina Natalie , Shishova Natalie , Volkova Diana , Topchiy Inna
Published: June 2020

The authors emphasize that the reform of the education system leads to changes in the technological and technical nature in the educational process. Information and communication technologies are now actively used in education, which, according to the authors, contribute to the design of a high-quality information educational space for higher education and the creation of the information culture of actors in the educational process. Based on the analysis, the authors revealed that in the communication space of the educational organization, circulate both external flows external relations with social groups that are outside the educational organization, and internal ones connected with the organization staff and students. External flows are built at the organizational and managerial level and based on media communications. Internal information and communication flows in the educational process are carried out through the introduction of electronic document management, corporate mail, student assessment through a remote system, and the use of onlinelearning.
Case-study based development of professional communicative competence of agricultural and environmental engineering students
Authors: Oblova Irina , Gerasimova Irina , Sishchuk Julia
Published: June 2020

Thisarticledemonstratestheeffectivenessofemployingthecase study method to teach English as a foreign language to the agricultural and environmental engineering students. It should be useful to those who are trying to contribute to the development of the technology relevant to the contemporary educational challenges based on the unity of applied and theoretical aspects of teaching English within a perspective of developing students’ environmental responsibility. This research includes three-year study conducted both in the institution of higher professional education and in one of the largest concentrating enterprise sharing strong environmental ethics in Russia from 2017 to 2019. The research methodology includes: analysis of literature on the main purposes of the engineering training as well as environmental concerns; the analysis of the waysofteachingcasestudy;anassessmentofpurposes,needs andfunctions for which English is required. The findings of this research are as follows: firstly, engineering student’s professional communicative competence is effectively developed within a case study analysis based on real cases from current companies. Secondly, students are more satisfied with their English course and more willing to put their English to practical use when foreign language skills and their professional engineering issues are brought together.
Intense Cycling Exercise Improves Acute Cognitive Responses
Authors: Kunzler Marcos Roberto , Carpes Felipe P.
Published: June 2020

Intense exercise promotes long-term gains in cognitive functions. On the other
hand, intense exercise may result in acute effects not clearly determined for
cognitive performance. A condition of stochastic intensity ranging from moderate
to maximal efforts is part of sports like cycling, in which cognitive integrity
is also important for fast decision making and information processing especially
during high-speed performances. In this study we investigate the acute effect of
cycling at intensities corresponding to 60%, 80% and 95%
of the maximal power output (MP) on selective attention, reaction time and
short-term memory in amateur trained cyclists. In this cross sectional study 20
male cyclists performed maximal and submaximal cycling tests under different
exercise intensities. Cognitive measures were conducted before and after
exercise. We found that short duration high intensity cycling (95%)
improves selective attention but increases variability in simple reaction time
responses, without significant effects on short-term memory. The high intensity
exercise improves ability to manage more complex cognitive task especially when
the variability in the task does not increase.
COVID-19: Symptome und Frühzeichen auch bei leichten Verlaufsformen – Bedeutung von Riechstörungen und Ruhepuls
Authors: Isenmann Anna , Isenmann Stefan
Published: June 2020

Einleitung Die ersten Arbeiten über die neue COVID-19-Erkrankung berichteten von schwer betroffenen, häufig intensivpflichtigen Patienten mit Pneumonien. Zwischenzeitlich wurden vermehrt mildere Verläufe beschrieben. Hier wird erstmals der Verlauf der Symptomatik von 5 leichten COVID-19-Erkrankungen ohne stationäre Behandlungspflicht in einer Familie dargestellt.

Anamnese Ein 56-jähriger, bislang gesunder Mann, Freizeit-Ausdauersportler, bemerkte nach kurzen Episoden mit Geruchsmissempfindungen eine Anosmie. Wenige Tage später stieg sein Ruhepuls deutlich an. Es folgten Reizhusten, Abgeschlagenheit und Myalgien. Im gleichen Zeitraum traten Symptome bei den 4 bislang ebenfalls gesunden Familienmitgliedern auf.

Diagnostik und Befunde Beim Indexpatienten bestand ein trockener Reizhusten. Der internistische Befund war unauffällig, Herzfrequenz 60/min, Temperatur 36,6 °C. Neurologisch zeigte sich eine Anosmie. Die RT-PCR für SARS-CoV-2 aus dem tiefen Rachenabstrich war bei allen 5 Familienmitgliedern positiv.

Therapie und Verlauf In häuslicher Quarantäne bestanden Symptome über etwa 2 Wochen. Eine Anosmie sowie Gliederschmerzen bestanden bei allen Betroffenen, eine Geschmacksstörung, Abgeschlagenheit sowie Reizhusten und Halsschmerzen bei 4 von 5. Ruhedyspnoe oder gastrointestinale Symptome traten nicht auf. Es kam zu Ein- und Durchschlafstörungen. Erhöhte Temperatur oder Fieber bestand bei keinem der Betroffenen. Spezifische medizinische oder medikamentöse Behandlung war nicht erforderlich. Es kam in der Folge der Erkrankung zu keinen fassbaren Organkomplikationen; die körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit erholte sich.

Diskussion Es wird eine 5-köpfige Familie ohne Vorerkrankungen mit mildem Verlauf einer COVID-19-Erkrankung beschrieben. Die Symptome werden in Verlauf und Intensität dargestellt. Eine Anosmie kann den übrigen Symptomen um Tage vorangehen und als Frühzeichen einer Infektion erfasst werden, was auch epidemiologisch von Bedeutung sein kann. Ein Anstieg des Ruhepulses kann auch ohne Fieber als Erkrankungszeichen beobachtet werden. Symptome und Verlauf werden im Kontext der Pandemie und der Infektionskontrolle diskutiert.
Studie zur Immunität gegen SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Kern Peter M. , Müller Hans-Helge , Menzel Thomas , Weisser Heike
Published: June 2020

Hintergrund: Der indikationsgesteuert durchgeführte direkte Virusnachweis (RT-PCR im Abstrich) unterschätzt wegen der möglichen asymptomatischen Verläufe die Zahl der SARS-CoV-2-Infizierten erheblich. Daher sind populationsbasierte Erhebungen der Antikörperprävalenz zur verlässlichen Einschätzung der gegenwärtigen Pandemie unverzichtbar.

Methoden: In einem Klinikum der Maximalversorgung wurden 74,8 % aller Mitarbeiter/innen mit direktem Patientenkontakt (n = 1480) sowie als nicht medizinprofessionelle Kontrollgruppe Mitarbeiter/innen lokaler Supermärkte mit direktem Kundenkontakt (n = 300) auf Antikörper der Klassen IgA und IgG gegen SARS-CoV-2 getestet. Die Gesamtkohorte stellt zugleich 1,5 % der Bevölkerung der Stadtregion Fulda mit 125 000 Einwohnern dar.

Ergebnisse: 1,0 % der Testpersonen waren positiv für IgG, 4,4 % für IgA. Bei einer Testspezifität von 99,6 % (IgG) bzw. 92,4 % (IgA) liegt weder im Gesamttestkollektiv noch in einer der Untergruppen eine klinisch signifikante Immunität gegen SARS-CoV-2 vor.

Schlussfolgerung: Von einer relevanten Anzahl durchlaufener unerkannter Infektionen kann in dieser Region nicht ausgegangen werden. Die noch spärlichen Daten aus internationalen Regionen lassen Immunitätsraten bis maximal 60 % in stark exponierten Kollektiven vermuten, wobei sich in Deutschland ein dynamisches Mosaik mit aktuellen Werten zwischen null und 15 % abzeichnet. Diese Heterogenität legt eine regionale Planung der Maßnahmen zur Kontrolle der Virusausbreitung nahe. Ein relevanter immunologischer Schutz der Bevölkerung vor SARS- CoV-2 ist bis zur Verfügbarkeit einer Impfung nicht zu erwarten.
Management of Aortic Pseudoaneurysms: Evolving Concepts and Controversies
Authors: Stamou Sotiris C. , Conway Brian D. , Nores Marcos A.
Published: June 2020

Background Techniques to repair aortic pseudoaneurysms have been rapidly evolving. We present our results following open and endovascular repair of aortic pseudoaneurysms from 2009 to 2013.

Methods A total of nine patients underwent pseudoaneurysm repair from April 2009 to February 2013. Of them, five underwent open repair and four underwent endovascular repair. The median age was 58 years (range, 40–72 years) and two (22%) were females. Preoperative, operative, and postoperative data are presented along with operative modality.

Results Two patients died during the period of study. Patient 1 died from massive hemorrhage at the site of prior stenting. Patient 7 died from postoperative cardiac arrest and respiratory failure. A single patient required hemorrhage-related reexploration. None of the patients experienced stroke or acute renal failure following repair. Median hospital and intensive care unit length of stays were 7.1 (range, 1–20) and 2.0 (range, 1–5), respectively.

Conclusions Pseudoaneurysm repair can be effectively achieved through open or percutaneous repair but only after careful consideration of anatomical constraints, as well as patient comorbidities.
Predictors and Outcomes of Cardiac Events following Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair in Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection
Authors: Acheampong Derrick O. , Paul Philip , Boateng Percy , Leitman I. Michael
Published: June 2020

Background Cardiac events following thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) have been associated with significant morbidity and mortality. However, predictors of post-TEVAR cardiac events in descending thoracic aortic aneurysm or dissection are poorly understood.

Methods A retrospective analysis of completed TEVAR procedures performed from 2010 to 2016 was conducted using the ACS-NSQIP (American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program) participant user file database. Adult patients (≥18 years) who underwent TEVAR for descending thoracic aortic aneurysm or dissection were identified and 30-day outcomes were examined. An initial univariate analysis was performed to determine associations between all patient variables and cardiac events, defined as myocardial infarction or cardiac arrest that occurred ≤30 days of surgery. Multivariate logistic regression was subsequently performed to identify independent risk factors for cardiac events following TEVAR.

Results The study identified 150 out of 2,905 (5.2%) patients who underwent TEVAR for descending thoracic aortic aneurysm or dissection who developed cardiac events. No significant difference in incidence of cardiac events was noted among patients presenting with aortic aneurysm or dissection (p = 0.339). The overall 30-day mortality rate for all patients was 9.1%. Independent preoperative predictors of post-TEVAR cardiac events included emergency procedure (odds ratio [OR] 2.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9–4.1, p < 0.01); American Society of Anesthesiologists score >3 (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.1–2.6, p = 0.01), ventilator dependence (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.3–4.2, p < 0.01), renal failure (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.50–4.3, p < 0.01), blood transfusion (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.1–3.2, p = 0.03), and preoperative leukocytosis (OR 2.45, 1.6–3.8, p < 0.01). After TEVAR, unplanned reintubation (OR 5.52, 95% CI 3.5–8.8, p < 0.01), prolonged mechanical ventilation (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.2–3.2, p = 0.011), and postoperative blood transfusion (OR 4.02, 95% CI 2.70–6.0, p < 0.01) were independent predictors of cardiac events. Cardiac events greatly increased mortality (60.7 vs. 5.5%), total length of hospital stay (13.2 ± 14.7 days vs. 8.3 ± 9.3 days), and readmission rates (19.3 vs. 8.2%, p < 0.01).

Conclusions Cardiac events following TEVAR are associated with significant mortality. Patients with these risk factors should be appropriately monitored to improve outcomes.
Decreasing the mob size but not stocking rate of ewes at lambing increases the survival of twin lambs born on farms across southern Australia
Authors: Lockwood A. , Trompf J. , Kubeil L. , Thompson A. , Refshauge G. , Kearney G. , Hancock S.
Published: June 2020

Context
Data collected from producers in south-eastern Australia found that the survival of twin-born lambs decreased by 3.5% for each extra 100 ewes in the mob at lambing. Increasing stocking rate by 1 ewe/ha decreased lamb survival by a further 0.7%. These survey findings suggest that lamb survival could be improved by optimising the allocation of ewes to mobs and paddocks at lambing.

Aim
The present paper reports two experiments. Experiment 1 tested the hypotheses that (1) the survival of twin-born lambs would be greater when ewes lamb in smaller mobs and at lower stocking rates, and (2) the effects of mob size and stocking rate would be greater in Merinos than in non-Merino breeds. Experiment 2 tested the hypothesis that the survival of twin-born Merino lambs would be greater at lower mob sizes when ewes lambed at stocking rates <4 ewes/ha.

Methods
Experiment 1 investigated a 2 × 2 factorial combination of mob size (high or low) and stocking rate (high or low) on the survival of twin-born Merino and non-Merino lambs at 70 on-farm research sites across southern Australia. Experiment 2 investigated the effect of high or low mob size on the survival of twin-born Merino lambs when ewes lambed at stocking rates of <4 twin ewes/ha at 15 on-farm research sites. In both experiments, adult twin-bearing ewes were randomly allocated into a treatment and lambing paddock on Day 140 from the start of joining at each farm. Lamb survival in each mob was calculated based on lamb losses between pregnancy scanning and lamb marking.

Key results
In both experiments, the effect of mob size on lamb survival was found to be linear, with survival of twin-born lambs decreasing by between 1.9% and 2.5% per additional 100 ewes in the mob at lambing, regardless of breed (P < 0.001). In Experiment 1, there was no effect of stocking rate or mob size by stocking rate on lamb survival.

Conclusions
The present research demonstrated that reducing mob size but not stocking rate will improve the survival of twin-born lambs to marking for extensive enterprises in Australia where ewes lamb at stocking rates of up to 12 ewes/ha.

Implications
These findings will contribute to guidelines for optimising ewe nutrition and resource allocation to improve lamb survival.
Menos masculino, demasiado infantil
Authors: Hadodo Matthew John , Kanwit Matthew
Published: June 2020

Age is an under-analyzed variable in linguistic research concerning gender and sexuality. We consider these three
constructs by examining diminutives as an index of gay sexuality in Madrid Spanish across two tasks. Although phonetic cues have received
great attention, morphological features (e.g. diminutives) may also index gayness (Mendes 2014).
Moreover, despite frequent usage across Spanish-speaking varieties, diminutives are primarily restricted to women and children in
north-central Spain (Haensch 2002). In a diminutive reaction task, 53 Madrid residents indicated
whether men, women, adults, or children were likely to have uttered diminutivized sentences. Mixed-effects models indicated that the number
of diminutives and sentence theme significantly affected perception, and participants’ evaluations in a free response task corroborated that
men using diminutives were considered effeminate, gay, and childish. Thus, even with sociophonetic cues removed, morphological phenomena
create a gay percept. This study demonstrates how age ideologies inform indexicalization processes related to gender and sexuality.
The deep coloniality of economics – a (r)evolutionary appraisal
Authors: Kellecioglu Deniz
Published: June 2020

Mainstream economics not only generates economic inequalities, but also helps to subjugate minds, and thereby entrenches and exacerbates power imbalances through subordinated behaviour. These destructive effects are especially true in contemporary African societies where asymmetric power between elites and people are far greater. Three tracks of action are proposed in response: (1) dismantling subjugatory institutions (structural and ideational) and (2) nurturing emancipatory institutions, while (3) ensuring that access to power increasingly corresponds to knowledge, ethics and intentions that are people- and planet-oriented. This analytical approach with critical problem-determination and emancipatory solution-orientation is here labelled ‘(r)evolutionary appraisal’.
Investigation of buffer gas trapping of positrons
Authors: Baker C J , Isaac C A , Edwards D , Evans H T , Clayton R , van der Werf D P , Charlton M
Published: June 2020

A study of positron capture in a two-(pressure) stage buffer gas accumulation apparatus is presented for a variety of species, including some molecules which are known to be either efficient for positron trapping, or are frequently used to cool the particles when held in these devices. Absolute accumulation efficiencies are reported for all species. A detailed optimisation procedure, which has identified the main processes responsible for positron capture and loss in the trap, has been deployed to explore accumulation efficiency as the gas pressure and the electrostatic well depth in the trap are systematically varied. Accumulation exploiting energy loss via molecular vibrational transitions has been observed for the first time for a number of gases, though at much lower efficiency than achieved using electronic excitation processes.
Observation of dominant Ohmic electron power absorption in capacitively coupled radio frequency argon discharges at low pressure
Authors: Vass Máté , Wilczek Sebastian , Lafleur Trevor , Brinkmann Ralf Peter , Donkó Zoltán , Schulze Julian
Published: June 2020

We present a spatio-temporally resolved analysis of electron power absorption in capacitively coupled argon plasmas at low pressures (1–10 Pa), based on the 1D momentum balance equation embedded into 1d3v particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collisions simulations. In contrast to the predictions of theoretical models we find ‘Ohmic heating’ to be the dominant electron power absorption mechanism on time average at the lowest pressures, and not ‘stochastic’ or ‘Pressure heating’. The cause for this is identified to be the attenuation of electron power absorption due to electron acceleration by the ‘ambipolar’ electric field on time average at low pressure, which is a consequence of the collisionless transit of energetic beam electrons generated during sheath expansion at one electrode to the opposite electrode. At such conditions, these energetic electrons arrive during the local sheath collapse and can be lost to the surface, thereby reducing the plasma density and creating a temporally more symmetric electron temperature within the radio frequency (RF) period compared to that in discharges operated at higher pressures. The more symmetric temperature profile causes a reduction of ‘Pressure heating’ on time average. The latter is reduced further, even to negative values, by the attenuation of the ‘ambipolar’ electric field at each electrode during the local sheath collapse, which is a consequence of the temporal modulation of the electron density profile within the RF period, observed at the lowest pressures studied.
Transverse Ward-Takahashi identities and full vertex functions in different representations of QED3 *
Authors: Luo Cui-Bai , Zong Hong-Shi
Published: June 2020

We derive the transverse Ward-Takahashi identities (WTI) of N-dimensional quantum electrodynamics by means of the canonical quantization method and the path integration method, and subsequently attempt to prove that QED3 is solvable based on the transverse and longitudinal WTI, indicating that the full vector and tensor vertices functions can be expressed in terms of the fermion propagators in QED3. Further, we discuss the effect of different γ matrix representations on the full vertex function.
Investigation of rare semileptonic

decays with non-universal Z′ effect
Authors: Maji P. , Mahata S. , Nayek P. , Biswas S. , Sahoo S.
Published: June 2020

We analyze different decay observables of semileptonic decays

, such as the branching ratio, forward-backward asymmetry, polarization fraction, and lepton polarization asymmetry in the non-universal

model. We further study the dependence of the branching fraction to the new model parameters and find that the values of different decay parameters increase in the

model, which indicates a possible approach for the search of new physics as well as for the unknown phenomena of the charm B meson.
Self-consistent mean field approximation and application in three-flavor NJL model
Authors: Yu Zi-Xiong , Zhao Tong , Zong Hong-Shi
Published: June 2020

In this study, we apply a self-consistent mean field approximation of the three-flavor Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model and compare it with the two-flavor NJL model. The self-consistent mean field approximation introduces a new parameter,

, that cannot be fixed in advance by the mean field approach itself. Due to the lack of experimental data, the parameter,

, is undetermined. Hence, it is regarded as a free parameter and its influence on the chiral phase transition of strong interaction matter is studied based on this self-consistent mean field approximation.

affects numerous properties of the chiral phase transitions, such as the position of the phase transition point and the order of phase transition. Additionally, increasing

will decrease the number densities of different quarks and increase the chemical potential at which the number density of the strange quark is non-zero. Finally, we observed that

affects the equation of state (EOS) of the quark matter, and the sound velocity can be calculated to determine the stiffness of the EOS, which provides a good basis for studying the neutron star mass-radius relationship.
Chiral magnetic effect for chiral fermion system *
Authors: Dong Ren-Da , Fang Ren-Hong , Hou De-Fu , She Duan
Published: June 2020

The chiral magnetic effect is concisely derived by employing the Wigner function approach in the chiral fermion system. Subsequently, the chiral magnetic effect is derived by solving the Landau levels of chiral fermions in detail. The second quantization and ensemble average leads to the equation of the chiral magnetic effect for righthand and lefthand fermion systems. The chiral magnetic effect arises uniquely from the contribution of the lowest Landau level. We carefully analyze the lowest Landau level and find that all righthand (chirality is +1) fermions move along the direction of the magnetic field, whereas all lefthand (chirality is −1) fermions move in the opposite direction of the magnetic field. Hence, the chiral magnetic effect can be explained clearly using a microscopic approach.
Analytical investigation of γN→N*,Δ* transition helicity amplitudes
Authors: Zolfagharpour Farhad , Aslanzadeh Mehdi
Published: June 2020

We study the structure of nonstrange baryons by analytically calculating the electromagnetic transition helicity amplitudes of the nucleon and Δ resonances. We employ an improved hypercentral constituent quark model and obtain the corresponding eigenenergies and eigenfunctions in closed forms. Then, we calculate the transverse and longitudinal helicity amplitudes for nucleon and Δ resonances. The comparison of evaluated observables and experimental data indicates good agreement between the proposed model and available data.
Exclusive photoproduction of vector meson at next-to-leading order from color glass condensate *
Authors: Cai Yanbing , Xiang Wenchang , Wang Mengliang , Zhou Daicui
Published: June 2020

The exclusive photoproduction of vector mesons (

and

) is investigated by considering the next-to-leading order corrections in the framework of the color glass condensate. We compare the next-to-leading order modified dipole amplitude with the HERA data, finding a good agreement. Our studies show that the

from the leading order, running coupling, and collinearly improved next-to-leading order dipole amplitudes are 2.159, 1.097, and 0.932 for the elastic cross-section, and 2.056, 1.449, and 1.357 for the differential cross-section, respectively. The results indicate that the higher-order corrections contribute significantly to the vector meson productions, and the description of the experimental data is dramatically improved once the higher order corrections are included. We extend the next-to-leading order exclusive vector meson production model to LHC energies using the same parameters obtained from HERA. We find that our model provides a rather good description of the

and

data in proton-proton collisions at 7 TeV and 13 TeV in LHCb experiments.
Simulation and numerical analysis of offshore wind turbine with monopile foundation
Authors: Lokesh Ram S , Mohana R
Published: June 2020

Static Analysis and Harmonic response analysis using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is performed to evaluate the deformation, stresses and strain energy of monopile and tower of offshore wind turbine (OWT) in dense sand. In this study monopile, tower and soil along with water layer modelled as 3 dimension solid model in ANSYS workbench. Considering the soil as explicit material with environmental loads like wind and wave loads on turbine as static loads static analysis is done. From the analysis it is concluded that the structures behaviour changes with accordance to the change of parameters, turbines response towards the excitation frequency is investigated.
Prussian blue analogue cobalt tetracyanonickelate hexacyanochromate decorated by CNTs: structural, morphological, optical characterization
Authors: Elgazzar Elsayed
Published: June 2020

Prussian blue analogues CoTCNi/HCCr and CoTCNi/HCCr/CNTs were stoichiometrically prepared by Co-precipitation method and the thin films deposited onto glass substrates via spin coater. XRD, Raman spectroscopy, EDX, SEM, and TEM techniques have been used to analyze the samples. The findings revealed the fabricated nanostructured materials of face-centered cubic (FCC) phase, in spherical shape decorated by CNTs. Transmittance (T%) and reflectance (R%) spectra of the thin films were measured in the wavelength range from 200 to 900 nm. The films exhibit high transparency more than 70% within the visible spectrum. Besides, the optical band gap(Eg)was estimated showing blue shift caused by CNTs support.
Industrial manufacturing and characterization of multiscale CFRP laminates made from prepregs containing graphene-related materials
Authors: Rodríguez-García Verónica , Gómez Julio , Cristiano Francesco , Gude María R
Published: June 2020

The introduction of graphene-related materials (GRMs) in carbon fibre-reinforced polymers (CFRP) has been proved to enhance their mechanical and electrical properties. However, methodologies to produce the 3-phase materials (multiscale composites) at an industrial scale and in an efficient manner are still lacking. In this paper, multiscale CFRP composites containing different GRMs have been manufactured following standard procedures currently used in the aerospace industry with the aim to evaluate its potential application. Graphite nanoplateletelets (GNPs), in situ exfoliated graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) have been dispersed into an epoxy resin to subsequently impregnate aeronautical grade carbon fibre tape. The resulting prepregs have been used for manufacturing laminates by hand lay-up and autoclave curing at 180 °C. A broad characterization campaign has been carried out to understand the behaviour of the different multiscale laminates manufactured. The degree of cure, glass transition temperature and degradation temperature have been evaluated by thermal evolution techniques. Similarly, their mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, in-plane shear, interlaminar shear and mode I interlaminar fracture toughness) have been analysed together with their electrical conductivity. The manufacturing process resulted appropriated for producing three-phase laminates and their quality was as good as in conventional CFRPs. The addition of GO and rGO resulted in an enhancement of the in-plane shear properties and delamination resistance while the addition of GNP improved the electrical conductivity.
Coronavirus puts physics in turmoil
Authors: Durrani Matin
Published: June 2020

COVID-19 has hit the international physics community hard, with meetings and conferences cancelled, including the showpiece events of the American Physical Society. Matin Durrani surveys the fall-out from the global pandemic
Mars rover launch delayed until 2022
Authors: Cooper Keith
Published: June 2020

Europe’s Rosalind Franklin rover, which was set to begin its journey to Mars in July, has had its launch postponed until 2022 amid parachute and electronics difficulties and uncertainty created by the COVID- 19 pandemic.
Shipping carbon-free
Authors: McKenzie James
Published: June 2020

Air travel is bad for the environment – but shipping is not that great either. James McKenzie wonders how best to decarbonize sea travel
The long wait
Authors: Paulus Kurt
Published: June 2020

In response to Matin Durrani’s column “We should do more” (March 2020) commenting on gender diversity in physics, and authorship in particular, and the related letter “Discrimination doubts” by Michael Huber (March 2020).
Power problems
Authors: Wilson Norman
Published: June 2020

In response to Dave Elliot’s Forum article “Towards a sustainable future” (January 2020) in which he wrote that while renewable energy has rapidly progressed over the past decade, more needs to be done to help limit the impact of climate change.
Swinging secrets
Authors: Kapitaniak Tomasz
Published: June 2020

In response to the feature article “The secret of the synchronized pendulums” by Jonatan Peña Ramirez and Henk Nijmeijer (January 2020), which looked at the history and mystery surrounding the fact that pairs of linked pendulums can swing in synchrony.
Dipole distribution
Authors: Harris Philip
Published: June 2020

In response to the Frontiers article “No sign of neutron charge imbalance”, which reported on new research that lowered the previous upper limit on the neutron electric dipole moment by 40% (March 2020).
Fighting a pandemic
Authors: Cartwright Jon
Published: June 2020

The latest novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has reached pandemic status. While health workers and governments do their part, scientists are trying to understand the virus and develop vaccines and treatments. Jon Cartwright looks at how physics plays an important role in the fight
The diamond quantum revolution
Authors: Markham Matthew , Twitchen Daniel
Published: June 2020

Diamond is more than just a pretty gem – it has many attractive properties that stretch far beyond its aesthetic appeal. Matthew Markham and Daniel Twitchen explain how this special form of carbon now has many practical quantum applications too
Can a machine think?
Authors: Curtis Susan
Published: June 2020

Artificial intelligence is a research field that attracts its fair share of hyperbole. Michael Wooldridge, a professor of AI at the University of Cambridge, seeks to rewrite that mainstream narrative in his latest book The Road to Conscious Machines: the Story of AI.
Duck, duck, goose?
Authors: Randall Ian
Published: June 2020

For a book, to quote from its subtitle, "exploring the mysteries of our universe's first seconds", US cosmologist and particle physicist Dan Hooper's At the Edge of Time has as much of an eye on the future of cosmology (and the potential of upcoming projects such as LISA) as it does on the most distant of pasts.
Half a life
Authors: Wade Jess
Published: June 2020

The first woman Nobel laureate, the only person in history to win both the physics and chemistry Nobel prizes, the extraordinary scientist who first described radioactivity...Marie Curie's life is worthy of countless Hollywood biopics. But in trying to condense Curie's entire legacy into 100 minutes on the big screen, director Marjane Satrapi takes on too much in her new film Radioactive
Physics on ice
Authors: Allain Rhett
Published: June 2020

When I watch films, TV shows or sports I often find myself thinking about the physics of the situation. Here in North America, we’re approaching the end of ice hockey season.
Physicists take snapshots of quantum measurement
Authors: Cartlidge Edwin
Published: June 2020

Ideal process leaves some superposition states intact, as Edwin Cartlidge reports
Falling water droplets light up LEDs
Authors: Jarman Sam
Published: June 2020

Moving water, particularly in rivers, has long been an important source of renewable energy. Now, researchers have efficiently harvested the kinetic energy of falling water droplets.
Epidemic speed is predicted by analytical technique
Authors: Jarman Sam
Published: June 2020

An analytical technique for calculating how fast an infectious disease can spread around the world has been developed by Sam Moore and Tim Rogers at the University of Bath in the UK.
Fluid turbulence drives repulsion in shifting sand dunes
Authors: Allen Michael
Published: June 2020

A new interaction between sand dunes does not involve mass transfer, as Michael Allen reports
Mixed ion beams may enhance particle therapy accuracy
Authors: Freeman Tami
Published: June 2020

Ion beam radiotherapy offers precision dose deposition, with a low entrance dose increasing to a maximum at the Bragg peak and then falling off sharply.
Physicists tackle ventilator shortage
Authors: Cartlidge Edwin
Published: June 2020

Physicists in Europe have been working on designs to supply oxygen to COVID-19 patients, as Edwin Cartlidge reports
Women's scientific impact hit by shorter careers
Authors: Allen Michael
Published: June 2020

A large study of historic publishing data has found that men and women publish scientific papers at comparable annual rates and attract equivalent career-wise citations.
Phillip Anderson: a legend is lost
Authors: Banks Michael
Published: June 2020

The Nobel laureate Philip Anderson was a giant of condensed-matter physics, who was unafraid to speak out against what he saw as the excesses of particle physics. Michael Banks looks back
Pregnant female PhD students face significant challenges
Authors: Allen Michael
Published: June 2020

Female physics PhD students in Israel who are pregnant or give birth during their studies face significant challenges that could lead to substantial delays in progress.
Equally diverse
Authors: Grozier Jim
Published: June 2020

In response to Matin Durrani’s editorial “We should do more” (March 2020) in which he outlines how and why Physics World is committee to reflecting and promoting diversity in physics.
Ducks on the water
Authors: Huber Michael
Published: June 2020

In response to Stephen Ornes’ feature “Turning water into watts” (March 2020) in which he explores the research and business ventures looking into wave energy, and harnessing the vast power of the world’s oceans.
Oscilloscope omission
Authors: Rosenbaum Stan
Published: June 2020

In response to Anna Demming’s feature “Sound designs” (February 2020), which looked at the acoustic designs for public spaces such as theatres and music venues.
The dangers of the 'Profumo effect'
Authors: Adams Bob
Published: June 2020

I have been mathematically modelling adhesive joints and composite materials for most of my professional life. Indeed, models are used in most branches of science.
Plastic that doesn't cost the Earth
Authors: Demming Anna
Published: June 2020

The vast increase in unwanted plastic pollution has galvanized scientists and innovators around the world to develop ingenious approaches to reuse, retrieve and recycle plastic. But significant challenges remain, as Anna Demming reveals
Shedding light on the interfaces
Authors: McEntee Joe
Published: June 2020

Joe McEntee talks to surface scientist Karen Syres about striking a balance between teaching and research while also building visibility and connection with the scientific community