bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Capítulo 04 - COMPORTAMENTO VERBAL E LINGUAGEM: Uma perspectiva Analítico-Comportamental
Authors: Pitanga Artur Vandré
Published: February 2025

O capítulo aborda o comportamento verbal na perspectiva da Análise do Comportamento, com base na obra de B.F. Skinner, Verbal Behavior (1957). A teoria skinneriana propõe uma análise funcional, tratando o comportamento verbal como um operante modelado por contingências ambientais e mediadas socialmente. A categorização dos operantes verbais – como mandos, tatos, ecoicos e autoclíticos – é apresentada como ferramenta para compreender a funcionalidade da comunicação em contextos variados. Ressalta-se a distinção entre comportamento verbal e linguagem, enfatizando que o primeiro foca na interação funcional entre falante e ouvinte, enquanto o segundo é frequentemente tratado como um sistema simbólico e abstrato. O texto apresenta pontos de discussões teóricas sobre linguagem ao indicar outras perspectivas, como as de Noam Chomsky. Conclui-se que o comportamento verbal é uma ferramenta essencial para entender as interações humanas, destacando-se pela adaptabilidade e relevância em práticas culturais e sociais. A análise funcional proposta por Skinner permanece atual, sendo fundamental para disciplinas em diferentes contextos e para a compreensão da evolução cultural e da sobrevivência humana.
Capítulo 07 - É POSSÍVEL ENSINAR ARTE NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL? PINTANDO, BORDANDO E MELECANDO: a arte no maternal II.
Authors: Moraes Ana Cecília Silva de , Lima Lais Leni Oliveira
Published: February 2025

Este trabalho, cujo objeto de estudo foi uma proposta de ensino da arte na educação infantil e as possibilidades de desenvolver a formação humana por meio das linguagens artísticas com crianças pequenas, em vista de responder a seguinte problematização: é possível promover conhecimento humano significativo por meio do ensino de arte na educação infantil? Como integrar conteúdos artísticos de forma a tornar a aprendizagem rica e relevante para crianças bem pequenas? Qual é o papel da arte no desenvolvimento da criatividade e imaginação na infância? O objetivo geral foi compreender as possibilidades e relevância do trabalho com a arte para o desenvolvimento individual e coletivo, promovendo e estimulando a formação humana desde a educação infantil e os específicos foram reconhecer a importância da Arte na educação infantil como área de conhecimento; analisar as possibilidades da Arte na educação infantil para o desenvolvimento individual e coletivo e mostrar a relevância da Arte trabalhada em uma turma de maternal II. Utilizando como metodologia a abordagem qualitativa, focada na pesquisa-ação, busca-se não apenas compreender, mas também intervir na realidade educacional. O referencial teórico utilizado para a análise dos dados foram Arce e Silva (2009); Brito (2003); Cunha (2004); Duarte Junior (1994); Fischer (1983), Franco (2005); Gohn e Stavracas (2010); Horn (2004); Martins (2010); Pasqualini e Tsuharo (2016); Pawlina (2022); Peixoto (2003); Richter (2004); Santos (2004); Ujiie (2013), dentre outros. Os resultados indicaram que a arte desempenha um papel crucial no crescimento e na educação das pessoas, sendo fundamental desde a infância. Essa abordagem não só enriquece seu repertório cultural, mas também facilita a aquisição de conhecimentos essenciais para interações sociais, exploração do mundo e apreciação da diversidade cultural.
Use of parameters in equations and systems of linear equations: A proposal to boost variational thinking
Authors: Hernández-Zavala Luis E. , Acuña-Soto Claudia , Liern Vicente
Published: February 2025

Students often instrumentally use variables and unknowns without considering the variational thinking behind them. Using parameters to modify the coefficients or unknowns in equations or systems of linear equations (without altering their structure) involves consciously incorporating variational thinking into problem-solving. We will test the scope of this approach to undergraduate students by using contextual problems modelled with systems of linear equations that have one solution, infinitely many solutions, or none. In this context, knowing the solution was not enough to decide; instead, modifications to the system were necessary, and incorporating parameters proved to be very useful for this purpose. The goal is for students, in addition to seeing variational thinking as a valuable strategy for determining the validity of a solution, to develop the ability to distinguish between unknowns, variables, and parameters.
The advantage of using GeoGebra in the understanding of vectors and comparison with the classical method
Authors: Aliu Erëmirë R. , Jusufi Zenku Teuta , Iseni Egzona , Rexhepi Shpetim
Published: February 2025

This study explores the effectiveness of GeoGebra in enhancing students' understanding of vectors in mathematics education. The research compares traditional teaching methods with the application of GeoGebra to determine its impact on conceptual and procedural knowledge acquisition. Vectors are often challenging for students to grasp due to their abstract nature and frequent use in physics rather than mathematics itself. This study investigates how visualization and interactivity through GeoGebra can facilitate comprehension. The research was conducted in two primary schools, where one group of ninth-grade students was taught vectors using the classical approach, while another group utilized GeoGebra. Findings indicate that students who learned with GeoGebra demonstrated a better conceptual and procedural understanding of vectors, improved problem-solving abilities, and higher engagement levels compared to those taught with conventional methods. The study also highlights challenges such as the availability of technology, teacher training, and implementation scalability, which can impact the effectiveness of digital tools in education. The results suggest that integrating GeoGebra into mathematics instruction can significantly enhance students' learning experiences. However, broader accessibility and teacher training are essential for its successful implementation. Future research should explore the long-term impact of digital learning tools in mathematics education and their application across different educational contexts.
Reevaluating the Role of Otolith Organs in Nystagmus Generation: An Experimental Approach
Authors: Ichijo Hiroaki , Ichijo Hisako
Published: February 2025

This study investigates whether the otolith organs—the utricle and saccule—are involved in generating nystagmus. Using both human subject experiments (sway and squat tests) and inertial physical models, we demonstrate that linear accelerations do not produce nystagmus, challenging the prevailing view of an otolith-ocular reflex. Our results suggest that nystagmus is primarily mediated by the semicircular canals, while the otolith organs remain essential for body balance and gravity sensing. These findings prompt a reevaluation of vestibular reflex pathways and highlight the need for further investigation into vestibular physiology.
Analisa Ketebalan Lapisan Permukaan Baja AISI 1020 Setelah Proses Perlakuan Panas Pack Carburizing Menggunakan Serbuk Arang Tempurung Kelapa dan Na2CO3
Authors: Fatkhurrohman Fatkhurrohman , Aziz Moh. Nor Ali , Nurpriyanti Indah
Published: February 2025

AISI 1020 steel is a low-carbon steel that is currently widely used on the market as a raw material for making industrial and automotive components such as gears. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the hardness of AISI 1020 steel through a heat treatment process, one of which is using the pack carburizing method. This research aims to analyze the microstructure and case of depth of AISI 1020 steel after the pack carburizing process. The pack carburizing method was used in this research because this method can optimally increase the surface hardness of steel. AISI 1020 steel was used as the main material in this research, coconut shell charcoal was added as a carbon source, and Na2CO3 as an energizer. The quenching process uses SAE 20w-40 oil. In this research, the pack carburizing process uses variations in temperature and holding time of 850oC, 875oC, 900oC and 40 minutes, 50 minutes respectively. The results of highest case of depth obtained at a temperature of 900oC with a holding time of 50 minutes of 0.46µm. It can be concluded that the pack carburizing heat treatment process has an influence on the microstructural components of pearlite and ferrite. The case of depth resulting from heat treatment also increases along with increasing temperature and holding time for the pack carburizing process.Baja AISI 1020 merupakan baja karbon rendah yang saat ini banyak digunakan di pasaran sebagai bahan baku dalam pembuatan komponen perindustrian dan otomotif seperti roda gigi. Oleh sebab itu perlu dilakukannya peningkatan kekerasan pada baja AISI 1020 melalui proses perlakuan panas, salah satunya menggunakan metode pack carburizing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa ketebalan lapisan permukaan dari baja AISI 1020 setelah dilakukan proses pack carburizing. Metode pack carburizing digunakan dalam penelitian ini karena metode tersebut dapat meningkatkan kekerasan permukaan pada baja secara optimal. Baja AISI 1020 digunakan sebagai bahan utama dalam penelitian ini, ditambahkan arang tempurung kelapa sebagai sumber karbon dan Na2CO3 sebagai energizier. Proses quenching menggunakan media oli SAE 20w-40. Dalam penelitian ini, proses pack carburizing menggunakan variasi temperatur dan waktu tahan masing-masing 850oC, 875oC, 900oC dan 40 menit, 50 menit. Hasil analisa ketebalan lapisan paling tinggi didapatkan pada temperatur 900oC waktu tahan 50 menit sebesar 0,46µm. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa proses perlakuan panas pack carburizing memberikan pengaruh terhadap komponen struktur mikro pearlite dan ferrite. Ketebalan permukaan hasil perlakuan panas juga mengalami kenaikan seiring dengan meningkatnya temperatur dan waktu tahan proses pack carburizing.
Pengalaman Guru dalam Memanfaatkan AI (Artificial Intelligence) untuk Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran IPAS di SD Negeri 2 Sokosari
Authors: Restalia Winda
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pengalaman guru dalam memanfaatkan Artificial Intelligence (AI) untuk pengembangan media pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam dan Sosial (IPAS) di SD Negeri 2 Sokosari. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan AI mampu meningkatkan kreativitas guru dalam merancang media pembelajaran interaktif, efektif, dan menarik. Guru menggunakan platform berbasis AI seperti Canva dan Powtoon untuk menciptakan video animasi, infografis, dan simulasi pembelajaran. Kendala yang dihadapi meliputi keterbatasan keterampilan teknis, akses terhadap perangkat teknologi, dan pengelolaan waktu. Solusi yang diusulkan adalah pelatihan intensif penggunaan AI, peningkatan infrastruktur teknologi, dan pengelolaan waktu yang lebih efektif. Pemanfaatan AI diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi positif terhadap kualitas pembelajaran IPAS dan mendorong inovasi dalam proses pengajaran di sekolah dasar. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi bagi sekolah dan pengambil kebijakan untuk menyediakan dukungan teknis dan pelatihan berkelanjutan bagi guru agar pemanfaatan AI dapat optimal.
Caracterización de las variaciones en los flujos de uso del anillo ciclista del centro histórico de la ciudad de València
Authors: Iturrino Guerrero Javier
Published: February 2025

El estudio ha querido validar el uso y conocer el funcionamiento de una infraestructura ciclista en el centro histórico de València que pretendía hacer la movilidad urbana más sostenible. Partiendo de los datos de intensidad media diaria de usuarios en la vía, en los seis años de funcionamiento, se utilizó el método de las medias móviles para estimar los flujos, la tendencia, determinar las variaciones estacionales y fortuitas para entender los patrones de movilidad sostenible y activa en bicicleta en el anillo ciclista de València.
El principal resultado es la identificación de las pautas mensuales de movilidad en bicicleta en el anillo del centro histórico y hacer estimaciones de uso. La descomposición del flujo global de usuarios en componentes de tendencia, de variación cíclica y de variación accidental permiten caracterizar la demanda mensual de la vía ciclista.
A su vez, el análisis ha permitido representar gráficamente los ciclos de movilidad estacional y complejos de ondas que explican cómo se desarrolla la movilidad ciclista en el centro histórico en una infraestructura paradigmática ampliamente solicitada por los grupos en defensa de la bicicleta de la ciudad.
Large-scale vegetation map generalization experience on the example of the forest area “Staraya Granitsa” (St. Petersburg)
Authors: Derkach E. S. , Ozerova S. D. , Volkova E. A. , Khramtsov V. N.
Published: February 2025

The article is devoted to the principles and converting methods of large-scale vegetation maps to generalized large-scale maps. The research was done in the “Staraya Granitsa” forest area, 21.4 km2 (Kurortnyy district of St. Petersburg). Vegetation is typical for the southern taiga subzone. The largest areas are occupied by forests (85.5 %), among which are conventionally primary coniferous (spruce and pine) and black alder; long-term secondary pine-spruce and spruce-pine forests, in which both spruce and pine participate in varying proportions. Various types of small-leaved (birch, aspen and gray alder) forests are common on abandoned agricultural lands, on drained mesotrophic and mesoeutrophic swamps and felled areas. The vegetation of the Sestra River valley and streams with moist-grass types of spruce or birch forests and meadow communities contributes significant diversity to the overall picture.

Due to diversity of plant community’s types, this area can be considered as a model territory for East-European southern taiga forest mapping. At first the vegetation map has been compiled at 1 : 15 000 (in print 1 : 30 000) scale based on field data and interpretation of satellite images (Fig. 2). The map legend contains 66 main numbers (Table 1).

Next the generalized large-scale map at 1 : 100 000 scale for the same territory was done using geographic and geometric generalization principles. Geographic generalization means the use of higher-rank taxonomic units in the map legend; the elimination of serial plant community types; the transition from individual plant community types to various combinations, etc. Geometric generalization helps to preserve and delineate the essential features and peculiarities of the vegetation cover structure. This might be achieved by straightening contours, eliminating small-area contours, smoothing boundaries, etc.

The legend numbers decreased 3.5 times during the map re-work from the initial map to the final one, and the number of contours decreased 5 times (Fig. 2: inset, Table 3). The average size of contour area increased from 6 to 31 ha. The ratio of the areas of the main plant community types remained the same, that is, the features and patterns of distribution of plant communities have been preserved both on the original and on the generalized map (Fig. 4). Derived communities (small-leaved forests, meadows at different stages of development) often replace each other in small patches: we have to deal with the vegetation cover mosaic in the city. At the same time, the map shown the large patches of coniferous forests within the surveyed territory. This indicates the ongoing processes of primary vegetation restoration within the St. Petersburg megalopolis.

The methodological approaches applied in this research will promote the creation of a vegetation map of St. Petersburg at 1 : 100 000 scale based on large-scale vegetation maps of the city’s local areas.
The language of AI tools as idiolects – thus comparable to other idiolects
Authors: Rudnicka Karolina
Published: February 2025

I discuss the linguistic nature of the output generated by LLM-based AI tools, proposing that we consider it as different idiolects.
On Future Thinking: Specificity, Reasoning and Schemas
Authors: Addis Donna Rose , Valenzano Sabrina Laurenne , Kinley Isaac
Published: February 2025

Future-directed thinking can take a variety of forms, yet contemporary research emphasizes the imagination of episodic future events, and a reduced capacity for generating specific events is often pathologized. In this paper, we first reflect on the concept of specificity, including how it has been operationalized, the factors influencing the generation of specific future events, and the adaptive benefits of non-episodic thinking. Second, we highlight a new perspective on the neurocognitive underpinnings of future thinking that focuses on higher-order executive abilities such as relational reasoning and schematic processing. We argue that these abilities are crucial to the flexible thinking required to create new schemas that move one’s future thinking beyond the status quo. We consider the implications of these ideas for understanding alterations of future thinking in depression.
Ethnoculture: Educational, Pedagogical, Ethnological and Intercultural Research Perspective
Authors: Soto-Molina Jairo Eduardo
Published: February 2025

This article explores ethnoculture as a fundamental axis in educational, pedagogical, ethnological and intercultural research perspectives, highlighting its impact on the understanding and transformation of social and educational contexts. The relevance of integrating ethnoculture into teaching and learning processes, as well as into social and cultural research, is analyzed, promoting transdisciplinary approaches that address cultural diversity from an integrative and critical perspective. Among the main findings, emerging categories are identified that offer new ways of interpreting and addressing cultural and social interaction, highlighting its importance in shaping educational policies, identities and practices. These findings highlight the need to develop research that connects theory and practice, and that promotes a deep understanding of intercultural dynamics in an increasingly globalized world.
Shaping Agribusiness in the New Digital Era: Bridging Tradition with Innovation, for the Agribusinesses in Thessaly Greece
Authors: Goulas Apostolos
Published: February 2025

Food industry is one of the most dynamic industries and always have been crucial for the economy, employment, culture and society. Companies operating in that sector are considered as innovators, because they tend to apply new technologies in their operation and process, but on the other hand, are considered as ‘tradition keepers’, because for them terms like ‘tradition’ and ‘traditional’, often tend to be a strategic option that brings or/and maintain competitive advantage. For that reason, integrating digital technologies and innovative solutions into agribusiness, marks a crucial evolution in the food sector within the new economy. That is the main research question of the present study, in order to examine the existence of a link between tradition and innovation in agribusiness, focusing on sustainability and strategic management. The methodology applied in this study, is based on focus groups, involving thirty agribusinesses from Thessaly, Greece, in different activities within the food market and aims to highlight the challenges and opportunities that these businesses face. Furthermore, the present research, offers insights into the strategic decisions and management applied by the agribusinesses in order to enhance innovation and sustainability. Finally, the research contributes to understand of how local unique characteristics and traditions can play a fundamental role in the formation of an innovative, resilient and sustainable agricultural sector, harmonized with global challenges.
Examining sexual and reproductive health self-care interventions in Ghana – a scoping review.
Authors: Manu Kwasi Adu , Schneider Francine , Ampong-Adjei Charles , Stutterheim Sarah E.
Published: February 2025

IntroductionGhana is progressively adopting sexual and reproductive health self-care interventions to advance universal health coverage; however, comprehensive evidence on their types and outcomes remains lacking. This review aimed to compile existing evidence on the various sexual and reproductive health self-care models in Ghana using the RE-AIM framework.Materials and MethodsA scoping review was conducted in July 2024, following the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. The review included peer-reviewed articles and program evaluation reports sourced from PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, along with grey literature from local organizations. Data extraction was guided by the RE-AIM framework, facilitating a structured and practical analysis of the studies. To ensure accuracy and rigor, two independent reviewers systematically compiled and assessed all collected evidence.ResultsA total of 312 studies were found, but 31 were included in the study based on the eligibility criteria. Self-care interventions were implemented in seven (7) SRHR domain areas, including included abortion (n=4, 13%), cervical cancer (n=2, 6%), family planning (n=3, 10%), general SRHR (n=3, 10%), HIV (n=6, 19%), maternal and child health (n=10, 32%), and STI (n=3, 10%). Regarding adherence to RE-AIM dimensions, all the studies reported on at least one dimension, and only 16% reported on all five dimensions. The scores for the individual dimensions were: reach (90%), effectiveness (87%), implementation (65%), adoption (61%), and maintenance (26%). Most interventions (n=20, 65%) were designed with demand and supply components. Additionally, most interventions primarily targeted women, with few addressing the needs of men. Contrary to common stereotypes suggesting that self-care innovations may struggle in developing contexts, our study demonstrated their effectiveness and adaptability, showing that these interventions can be successfully implemented across diverse local settings.ConclusionOur review showed that reproductive health self-care interventions are relevant and effective, but they require continued investment, enhanced coordination, and innovative integration into national systems to achieve significant large-scale impact.
The Theory of Dimension-Dependent Mathematical Laws in a Fractal Number Theory Framework and Scientific Validation
Authors: zhou changzheng , zhou ZIQING
Published: February 2025

This study establishes a novel axiomatic framework combining fractal geome?try and number theory, unveiling the dynamic relationship between mathematicaltools and spatial dimensions. By constructing dimension-dependent measure theoryand fractional differential equations, we have, for the first time, observed the di?mensional sensitivity of mathematical laws in an experimental system. Throughcontrolled graphene wrinkle experiments and fractal dynamics simulations, thequantitative relationship between renormalized differential operators and dimen?sional parameters was validated, offering a new empirical paradigm for foundationalmathematical research
How Dynamic Tension Defines Spacetime Curvature: A Perspective from Dynamic Rigid Fractals Spacetime Manifold Theory (DRFSMT)
Authors: zhou changzheng , zhou ZIQING
Published: February 2025

General Relativity (GR) reveals that gravity is the geometric curvature of space?time, determined by the distribution of mass-energy. Einstein’s field equations es?tablish a correspondence between geometry and energy. However, under extremeconditions (e.g., singularities, black hole interiors, or the early universe), GR breaksdown due to singular divergences or quantum effects, and it struggles to explain thenature of dark energy and the universe’s accelerated expansion. This paper proposesa novel Dynamic Rigid Fractals Spacetime Manifold Theory (DRFSMT),which reconstructs the physical foundations of spacetime based on recursive andself-similar fractal geometries. The core ideas include:• Dynamic Tension: Dynamic rigid fractal structures exhibit dynamic prop?erties but are constrained by strict self-similarity rules. Local tension mani?fests as microscopic adjustments in fractal recursion, while macroscopically itaccumulates into smooth geometric curvature.• Geometric Unification: Spacetime curvature arises from the constraintsimposed by recursive dynamic tension on density distribution, forming thegeometric foundation of gravitational fields in GR while avoiding singulardivergences.Key Contributions:• Introduces Fractal Tension Correction (FTC) through recursive fractalgeometric models, redefining the spacetime metric gµν in GR.• Explains the mechanism of singularity smoothing and geometrically derivesthe repulsive nature of dark energy.• Provides a framework connecting macroscopic geometry with microscopic quan?tum gravity.• Proposes several experimentally testable predictions (e.g., high-frequency grav?itational wave corrections, self-similar structures in Cosmic Microwave Back?ground (CMB) temperature fluctuations, and black hole radiation character?istics).
Political Representation of Women in the 2019 Elections in the South Sumatra Regional People's Representative Council
Authors: Jovani Audra , Mukhtar Sidratahta , Paulinawati Tiur , Salolit Fernando
Published: February 2025

The representation of women in politics is an intriguing issue within the realms of politics and democracy. According to the 1945 Constitution, every citizen has equal standing under the law and in governance, and every citizen, including women, must participate and engage in a fair decision-making process. Therefore, the representation of women in parliament is crucial, especially in advocating for women's interests. In the 2019 elections, South Sumatra was one of six provinces where the representation of women increased, making it an interesting subject for research. This study aims to: 1) Explain the political representation of women in the 2019 elections; 2) Provide an overview of the dynamics and political processes that occurred; 3) Explore the theory of social capital and its relation to the electoral success of women in becoming legislative members. This paper utilizes Samuel Huntington's theory of political participation, Hanna Pitkin's theory of representation, the quota policy from Dahlerup, and Robert Putnam's concept of social capital. The research method employed is a critical and in-depth analysis of relevant literature. The findings indicate an increase in the representation of women in the 2019 elections for the South Sumatra Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD); the recruitment conducted by political parties was based on organizational experience, educational background, and skills; and the primary factor for the electoral success of female candidates was social capital, which included support from family (husbands, parents) and relatives, as well as the professions of female candidates as advocates, entrepreneurs, activists, and professionals who are indeed closely engaged with the community.
Multi-Interaction: A New Open-access Approach for Studying and Comparing Multimodal Interactions Across Primates
Authors: Habib-Dassetto Lise , Cauzinille Jules , Marques Arthur , Adet Mathilde , Portes Cristel , LEMASSON Alban , Montant Marie
Published: February 2025

Human language may have evolved as a tool of our complex interactional system. This hypothesis is supported by the results of studies showing that human and non-human primates share some interactional abilities. These comparative studies are sparse however, and their methodologies vary, most of them focusing on a single communication modality, which makes inter-specific comparisons difficult. We propose a new approach together with an open-access code (“Multi-interaction”) that aim at simplifying the study of multimodal interactions and can be applied for comparison purposes to many species, regardless of their communication repertoire. First, we choose to annotate all multimodal behaviors (i.e., communication signals and actions) that contribute to the informational content of the interaction and its overall structure. Second, the code we provide enables multimodal annotated interactions to be transcribed into unique sequences, using a method that preserves the following information: the units making up the interaction, their order of appearance, their emitter, their potential overlap (intra- and/or inter-individual) and their duration. Third, the code provides automatic computation of several quantitative measures that describe the overall structure of each interaction, such as overall duration, number of units, diversity of units, percentage of inter?individual overlap, percentage of intra-individual superposition or each individual "presence" rate during the interaction. We aim to facilitate the processing of multimodal and multi-agent interaction data, enabling large datasets and species comparisons to be handled. By focusing on structure rather than meaning, we hope to promote human-decentered and species-general protocols in the study of interactions in primates, including humans.
Predicting preventative effects of cognitive control training in remitted depressed individuals: A machine learning approach
Authors: Vander Zwalmen Yannick , Koster Ernst H. W. , Demeester David , Baeken Chris , Verhaeghe Nick , Hoorelbeke Kristof
Published: February 2025

Background: Residual cognitive complaints are frequently observed in remitted depressed individuals (RMD), which can impair full recovery and increase the likelihood of recurrent episodes of depression. Cognitive control training has shown potential as a preventative intervention in RMD with small to moderate effect sizes, but substantial heterogeneity in effects between individuals exists.Objective: This study aimed to identify individual characteristics associated with treatment response to CCT in RMD participants using machine learning models.Methods: A sample of 227 RMD participants underwent a CCT regimen of at least 10 sessions. Three machine-learning models were evaluated: logistic regression, random forest, and XGBoost, alongside one random classifier benchmark. Performance metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and AUC-ROC were computed. The importance of individual features in predicting preventative effects was assessed using SHAP values.Result: All models demonstrated low performance, despite different machine learning methodologies and robust analyses. The random forest model scored the highest performance, although this was still considered low (accuracy: 0.52; AUC-ROC: 0.46). Exploratory feature importance analysis revealed that age, sense of well-being, and life satisfaction were important variables in the models, while current use of psychotherapy, number of prior depressive episodes, and a history of inpatient treatment were not.Conclusion: All models performed poorly, indicating that baseline characteristics did not confidently predict CCT preventative effects in this RMD sample. Exploratory feature analysis proposed some variables that increase the likelihood of benefiting from CCT, as well as indicated that most demographical variables did not strongly affect treatment effects, suggesting that CCT may be suitable for a broad range of RMD individuals.
Objects of inquiry: Examining the origins of gender-based objectification
Authors: Leshin Rachel , Rhodes Marjorie
Published: February 2025

Objectification—the psychological phenomenon of relegating people to the status of objects—is associated with a host of negative consequences, from diminished cognitive performance to heightened risk of danger. Girls and women constitute the primary targets of objectification; thus, these harms fall disproportionately on them. Despite the severity of its impacts, however, the developmental origins of such gender-based objectification have received little empirical attention, limiting our grasp of this phenomenon both theoretically and practically. In the present research, we sought to address this gap on two fronts. First, we tested whether and to what extent gender-based objectification gets applied to young targets (n = 237 adults), and second, we tested when this tendency first begins to develop in young perceivers (n = 352 children, ages 5-10 years). We found robust evidence that adults engage in gender-based objectification of young children: in both a speeded categorization task and a property attribution task, adults’ concepts of girls and boys overlapped with their concepts of objects and humans, respectively. Children themselves also showed evidence of gender-based objectification, but in a more limited manner: boys, but not girls, engaged in gender-based objectification, and only at the level of their categorizations. Together, these findings suggest that gender-based objectification extends to perceptions of young children and begins to develop early in childhood—indicating that the consequences of gender-based objectification may be far larger in scope, and earlier emerging, than previously assumed.
Eye Tracking in Aging: Challenges, Best Practices, and Novel Frontiers
Authors: Shoenfelt Alayna , Isaacowitz Derek , Ebner Natalie C.
Published: February 2025

Adults aged 65 and older are the fastest growing population demographic. Standard, stationary eye tracking has been used to test for age differences in attention and cognition toward understanding decline trajectories and identifying ways to enhance functioning into late life. More recently, advanced methods of at-home eye tracking, mobile eye tracking, and simultaneous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and eye tracking have suggested promise for insight into more dynamic and naturalistic processes of visual attentional and cognitive processing as well as their brain correlates in aging. Here, we outline challenges, best practices, and novel frontiers in the use of eye-tracking methodology among older adults. We cover considerations pertaining to optimized age-tailored study designs and procedures, eye-tracker setup as well as data quality and analysis. Throughout, we reflect on our experiences conducting novel experiments via at-home and mobile eye tracking as well as simultaneous MRI-eye tracking in aging populations. We also present empirical data comparing the quality of eye tracking in the behavioral lab vs. the MRI environment among both young and older adults, in support of simultaneous MRI-eye tracking informing brain-behavior links in aging, while acknowledging trade-offs in data quality of this combined methodology. We propose for future research to leverage these novel, advanced eye-tracking applications for a more comprehensive and real-life capture of attentional and cognitive changes with age.
Loneliness among gamers: Social-psychological factors that could heighten the sense of loneliness among online gamers in a post-pandemic context.
Authors: Saavedra Patricio , Osorio Luis Felipe
Published: February 2025

Loneliness has been defined as an aversive response to the discrepancy between desired andachieved social contact, which is associated with various physical and mental health problems.During the COVID-19 pandemic, the perception of loneliness increased globally, a context inwhich the social use of online games emerged as a tool to mitigate loneliness among users.This study (N = 302) aimed to identify the social-psychological factors that would impact theperception of loneliness among Chilean online gamers in a post-pandemic context. Findingssuggest that loneliness among gamers might be related to higher levels of internet addiction,social anxiety, and the video game genre they predominantly engage with (MMORPGs vs.FPS). Also, the perception of loneliness tended to be lower among older players and those whocommunicated with friends (vs strangers) via voice chat during gameplay. More importantly,our analyses demonstrated that a significant portion of the effect of social anxiety on lonelinesswas mediated by internet addiction, while the effect of internet addiction on loneliness wasnegatively moderated by greater weekly gaming time. The implications of our findings foronline gamers’ well-being and mental health are discussed.
Intervention development of “MIDDLE”: Mainstreaming and Inclusion of children with Developmental Disabilities in Ethiopia
Authors: Genovesi Elisa , Girma Fikirte , Belay Winini , Ahmed Ikram , Ayele Moges , Kassim Dureti , Lakew Liya Tesfaye , Mekuria Mengistu Wolde , Zerihun Tigist , Hoekstra Rosa , Hanlon Charlotte
Published: February 2025

Children with developmental disabilities in Ethiopia face substantial barriers in accessing education. Inclusion in mainstream schools can grant them access to education and benefit their learning and social development.Ninety-six stakeholders collaborated to develop an intervention to promote the inclusion of children with developmental disabilities in schools in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.We conducted six workshops, six individual meetings and two small-group meetings to develop a programme theory using the Theory of Change approach, then developed and revised intervention materials through ten small-group meetings and two review panel meetings. Materials were based on stakeholder recommendations and existing interventions and theories.The resulting intervention, MIDDLE, “Mainstreaming and Inclusion of children with Developmental Disabilities in Learning in Ethiopia” is composed of (1) a community awareness raising session; (2) a group teacher training programme followed by supervision; (3) co-creation with school principals of two education pathways for children with DD with different support needs, in inclusive or special classes; (4) supplementary resources to support further initiatives.This study illustrates the potential of using ToC workshops, working group meetings, and panel reviews for co-developing education-sector interventions in resource-constrained contexts, with specific discussion of the Addis Ababa context in Ethiopia.
Pilot Implementation and Evaluation of “MIDDLE”: Mainstreaming and Inclusion of children with Developmental Disabilities in Ethiopia
Authors: Genovesi Elisa , Belay Winini , Ayele Moges , Lakew Liya Tesfaye , Mekuria Mengistu Wolde , Ahmed Ikram , Girma Fikirte , Kassim Dureti , Zerihun Tigist , Hanlon Charlotte , Hoekstra Rosa
Published: February 2025

MIDDLE, “Mainstreaming and Inclusion of children with Developmental Disabilities in Learning in Ethiopia” is a co-developed intervention that aims to address key barriers faced by children with developmental disabilities for accessing education and quality learning support within mainstream schools in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. It comprises a community-awareness session, a teacher training programme and restructuring of education tracks for children with developmental disabilities.This study aimed to pilot MIDDLE and evaluate the implementation process and outcomes in four mainstream primary schools in Addis Ababa.We conducted a mixed-methods evaluation of the pilot implementation through observation and fieldwork notes taken throughout the study, process data collected before, during and after the implementation and qualitative interview data collected after the implementation.Successful implementation suggested that MIDDLE was feasible, although some scheduling adjustments were necessary and we were unable to schedule the awareness raising sessions in two schools. Qualitative data and high attendance rates suggested that MIDDLE was acceptable and perceived as useful.Further research should focus on completing revisions suggested by stakeholders and formal quantitative evaluation of the impact of MIDDLE.
Foucault's Disciplinary Society and Gender Dynamics: A Critical Appraisal
Authors: Aryal Vijay
Published: February 2025

This paper assesses Michel Foucault's idea of a disciplinary society and its connection with gender dynamics. Foucault's contributions to different fields of knowledge, with philosophy, sociology, and gender studies, are emphasized and his major publications, such as "Discipline and Punish," "The History of Sexuality," and others, are discussed as per the significance. The context of Foucault's disciplinary society theory is explored, underlining its implications for understanding power relations and social control. Gender dynamics are presented as the social, cultural, and political characteristics inducing the structure, performance, and regulation of gender identities. The paper critically evaluates the intersection of Foucault's disciplinary society and gender dynamics, considering the strengths and limitations of his theories in focusing on power and gender associations. Methodology comprises a wide-ranging review of academic resources, analysing Foucault's work and other concerned works. Foucault's disciplinary society suggests the shift in power from sovereign to disciplinary, the practices of discipline, and the effects on individuals and institutions. The analysis reveals how disciplinary power functions in several societal spaces, such as classrooms, prisons, and health facilities, inducing gendered norms and expectations. Foucault's concepts are useful to explore power and gendered disciplinary practices, surveillance of gendered bodies, technologies of gender, and the potential for resistance and subversion. However, the paper also concedes limitations in Foucault's dealing of gender as a social construct, insufficiency of an intersectional perspective, and incomplete analysis of resistance strategies. In conclusion, Foucault's concept of a disciplinary society offers valuable visions into power dynamics and gender relations within societal structures. Combining his concepts with intersectional feminist perspectives can develop our understanding of power mechanisms and the complications of gender dynamics in modern societies.
An Implication of Geopolitics on Nepal’s Foreign Policy and National Security
Authors: Acharya Rashmi
Published: February 2025

This paper analyzes Nepal's geopolitical position between India and China, using a descriptive and analytical approach, using secondary data to explore its complex landscape and its implications for foreign policy and national security. Historically, Nepal has served as a buffer state, shaping its foreign policy and security strategies. However, as global dynamics have changed, so Nepal's perception of its role has evolved. The traditional idea of a buffer state is now giving away to more a proactive approach, with Nepal aiming to be a "bridge" between its neighbours fostering connectivity and cooperation. The shift is clear in Nepal's transition from viewing its landlocked as a drawback to embracing the potential of being a "land link," a crucial pathway for regional trade and connectivity. The evolving geopolitical landscape in South Asia, marked by increased competition between the United States and China, presents challenges and opportunities for Nepal. Nepal can achieve economic growth, regional cooperation, and infrastructural development by adopting a balanced and inclusive approach and cultivating strong relationships with all stakeholders. In conclusion, reshaping and implementing a pragmatic foreign policy and national security strategy based on the changing context is the best approach. With wisdom and foresight, Nepal can develop leverage through its unique geographical location.
Populist Wave in Nepalese Politics: Communitarianism, Republic Citizenship, Utility and Personalization of Politics
Authors: Humagain Sanjeev
Published: February 2025

While populism is a recurring feature in Nepali politics, it has received limited academic scrutiny, particularly regarding its connection to the rise of left-wing movements. This paper investigates contemporary populism in Nepal, a subject primarily overlooked by academic research despite its prevalence in the political arena. Based on contextual analysis and conceptual generalization approach, this study examines the macrostructural conditions and demand perspective of populist politics in contemporary Nepal. The study draws the conclusion based on secondary data. Along with data and statistics from policy documents, reports and newspapers, this study focuses on political development since 2017 – mainly focusing on coalition politics, relations between leaders of political parties and their members, and political cooperation and competition. Indeed, the speeches of the political leaders and their gestures are important data for the analysis. Departing from prior assumptions regarding its relationship with the left, this study argues that Nepali populism i increasingly assumes a right-wing character. This is evident in two phenomena: a dominant political discourse prioritizing the ‘common good’ and a balancing of order and freedom, a shift from liberal citizenship commitments established in the Constitution of 2015 and earlier political accords ("populism as discourse"). Additionally, political actors predominantly engage in utility-based justifications for their actions, marginalizing ideological influences and personalizing politics ("populism as a political strategy"). These trends collectively signify a movement toward right-wing populism within the country.
The Populist Surge: Analyzing its Global Dimensions and Implications for Democratic Governance
Authors: Thapa Madhav
Published: February 2025

Populism is an ideology that reshapes society into a binary of "pure people" and "corrupt elite," reshaping the relationship between the masses and political elites. This has led to the rise of populist parties, which have challenged democracy. This paper aims to understand the operational dynamics of populism in international politics and explore its deep impacts on democracies globally. The study uses populism as an independent variable and sub-variables like division of people, use of social media, and threat to democracy as dependent variables. Data was collected from a Google survey among 123 respondents from various ages, professions, regions, and genders. The results reveal a disturbing global shift towards populist politics, its erosive effects on democratic norms, the rise of authoritarian impulses, and its increasingly prevalent threat to democracy. The rise of populism can be prevented by regulating media, implementing effective redistribution policies, and ensuring deliberative democracy. Mainstream political actors should also reduce political polarization and shape people's perceptions with democratic norms to combat populism.
Power Quality Enhancement Strategy In Grid Connected Dual Voltage Source Inverters Supplying Various Loads
Authors: Kshatri Abinash , Dhami Sandeep , Bhatta Amrit
Published: February 2025

This paper presents power quality improvement technique for grid connected dual inverter systems supplying non-linear and unbalanced loads. Control algorithms based on instantaneous symmetrical component theory (ISCT) are implemented in the dual voltage source inverter(DVSI). The DVSI enhance power quality by injecting real power and compensating for reactive, harmonic, and nonlinear loads. The dq0 transformation technique is utilized for effective voltage analysis at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC). Detailed simulation results validate the control strategy, demonstrating significant reduction in Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and improved power quality. THD is analyzed for nonlinear and unbalanced load and reduced below 3%. The findings indicate that the DVSI scheme effectively mitigates harmonic problems, ensuring stable and reliable operation of interconnected grids, and complies with IEEE standards for THD and frequency maintenance.