bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low level light therapy/photobiomodulation for diabetic peripheral neuropathy: protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Jia-You , Huang Zou-Qin , Deng Hai-Ping , Zhao Ling , Deng Hong-Yong , Liu Jian-Ping , Shen Xue-Yong , Cheng Ke
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes that strongly impact the patients’ quality of life and working ability. Evidence indicated that low level light therapy (LLLT)/photobiomodulation might be effective for neuropathy. However, the effect of LLLT for DPN is not clear. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine the effects and safety of LLLT/photobiomodulation for DPN, in comparison with other methods such as sham light, no treatment, other active treatment and LLLT as an additional treatment compared with another treatment alone.

Methods and analysis

We will search eight databases from their inception to the date before the review submission. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) will be included. Two reviewers will independently extract data using a structured data extraction method and assess the risk of bias in the included studies. Data will be synthesised using standardised mean difference or risk ratio with 95% CIs for continuous and dichotomous data, respectively. The primary outcome will be change in pain and secondary outcomes will include global symptom improvement, functional impairment and disability, impairment of sensation, quality of life, nerve conduction, and adverse events. Sensitivity and subgroup analysis will be employed to explore the influence of possible clinical and methodological characteristics. Publication bias will be assessed using funnel plot. We will conduct meta-analysis with RevMan V.5.4 and evaluate quality of the evidence using GRADE approach.

Ethics and dissemination

This study does not require ethics approval. Our findings will be disseminated in the peer-reviewed publications.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021276056.
Comparing asphyxia and unexplained causes of death: a retrospective cohort analysis of sleep-related infant death cases from a state child fatality review programme
Authors: Macdonald Megan , Thompson Daniel , Perry Robin , Brooks Robert
Published: September 2022

Objectives

To examine the characteristics and circumstances of infants who died while sleeping or in a sleep environment and compare deaths classified as either unintentional asphyxia or an unexplained cause.

Design

A retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Data were extracted from the National Fatality Review Case Reporting System and Florida Vital Statistics databases.

Participants

Data on 778 sleep-related infant deaths occurring from 2014 to 2018 in Florida were analysed.

Primary outcome measure

Cause of death classification as unintentional asphyxia or unexplained.

Results

Overall, 36% (n=276) of sleep-related infant deaths in this study sample were classified as resulting from an unexplained cause compared with unintentional asphyxia. Most infants were reported to be in an adult bed (60%; n=464) and sharing a sleep surface with a person or animal (60%; n=468); less than half (44%; n=343) were reportedly placed to sleep on their back. After controlling for the influence of other independent variables, female sex (adjusted risk ratio: 1.36; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.74) and fully obstructed airway condition (adjusted risk ratio: 0.30; 95% CI 0.18 to 0.50) were associated with an unexplained cause of death.

Conclusions

The results of this analysis indicate that sleep environment hazards remain prevalent among infants who die suddenly and unexpectedly, regardless of the cause of death determination. While significant differences were observed for some factors, in many others the distributions of both demographic and incident characteristics were similar between unexplained deaths and those resulting from asphyxia. The results of this study support growing evidence that unsafe sleep environments contribute to all forms of sudden unexpected infant death, underscoring the need for standardising cause of death determination practices and promoting consistent, high-quality forensic investigations to accurately explain, monitor and prevent these deaths.
Student and clinician perceptions of medical student mistreatment: a cross-sectional vignette survey
Authors: Peckston Dane Christopher , Urwin Rachel , McMullan Ryan , Westbrook Johanna
Published: September 2022

Objectives

The mistreatment of medical students remains pervasive in medical education. Understanding the extent to which clinicians and students recognise mistreatment can assist in creating targeted interventions that reduce mistreatment. The objective of this study was to use clinical vignettes to assess perceptions of medical student mistreatment among medical students and clinical faculty at an Australian university.

Design, setting and participants

This cross-sectional study used a survey of medical students and clinical faculty in a Doctor of Medicine (MD) programme at Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia. Data were collected via an online survey between 13 July and 27 July 2020.

Outcome measures

Fourteen clinical vignettes were developed based on commonly reported themes of mistreatment. An additional control vignette was also included, and these 15 vignettes were distributed via email to all 169 MD students and 42 teaching faculty at this teaching site. Participants were asked to rate whether the vignettes portrayed mistreatment on a 5-point Likert scale (strongly disagree to strongly agree).

Results

Respondents included 83 MD students and 34 clinical faculty. On average, students perceived mistreatment in 9 of 14 vignettes and faculty in 8 of 14 vignettes. Faculty and student perceptions aligned in themes of sexual abuse, physical abuse and in the control vignette depicting a constructive teaching style. Perceptions differed significantly between faculty and students (p<0.05) for five vignettes across the themes of gender discrimination, requests of students to perform non-educational tasks, humiliation, specialty choice discrimination and requests to perform a task beyond the student’s capacity.

Conclusion

Agreement on what constitutes appropriate behaviour is crucial to ensuring that a culture of mistreatment can be replaced with one of kindness, equity and respect. This study demonstrated the successful use of vignettes to compare perceptions of mistreatment, with faculty and student perceptions differing across a variety of themes.
Quality assessment and comparative analysis on the recommendations of current guidelines on screening and diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease: a systematic review
Authors: Uyagu Oliseneku Damien , Ofoegbu Cosmas , Ikhidero Joseph , Chukwuka Emeka , Enwere Okezie , Ogierakhi Omokharo , Adelosoye Alex
Published: September 2022

Objectives

There are several clinical practice guidelines available for peripheral artery disease (PAD). The paucity of strong evidence is known to give room for variations in recommendations across guidelines, with attendant confusion among clinicians in clinical practice. This study aims to conduct a quality assessment and comparative analysis on PAD screening and diagnostic recommendations in PAD management.

Selection

Clinical practice guidelines written after 2010 and on or before 2020 were targeted. An exhaustive search was conducted through the major medical databases and websites of specialist international organisations of interest, and selection was made using our inclusion/exclusion criteria.

Setting

Global. All guidelines written in English were included in this study.

Selected guidelines

Nine guidelines were selected.

Outcomes

The primary outcomes were the guidelines’ quality and variations in screening and diagnostic recommendations in the selected guidelines.

Results

Regarding quality, the guidelines had the lowest scores across the applicability and stakeholder involvement domains with means (SD) of 62 (9.9) and 65.3 (13), respectively. The highest score was clarity of presentation, with a mean (SD) of 86.8 (5.1). Also, the trend showed guideline quality scores improved over time. The guidelines unanimously offered to screen ‘high-risk’ patients, although there were some discrepancies in the appropriate age range and unavailability of strong evidence backing this recommendation. The guidelines harmoniously adopted the Ankle-Brachial Index as the initial diagnostic investigation of choice. However, concerning further diagnostic investigations and imaging, we found several discrepancies among the recommendations in the absence of strong evidence.

Conclusion

Though the quality of the guidelines is shown to be improving over time, they perform poorly in stakeholder involvement and applicability domains, which could be influencing interest in research revolving around screening and diagnostic recommendations. Involving primary care providers and the public can be a possible solution.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020219176.
Experiences of COVID-19 patients in a Fangcang shelter hospital in China during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Zhong Yaping , Zhao Huan , Lee Tsorng-Yeh , Yu Tianchi , Liu Ming Fang , Ji Ji
Published: September 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to examine COVID-19 patients’ experiences in a Fangcang shelter hospital in China, to provide insights into the effectiveness of this centralised isolation strategy as a novel solution to patient management during emerging infectious disease outbreaks.

Design

This study adopted a qualitative descriptive design. Data were collected by individual semistructured interviews and analysed using thematic analysis.

Setting

This study was undertaken in 1 of the 16 Fangcang shelter hospitals in Wuhan, China between 28 February 2020 and 7 March 2020. Fangcang shelter hospitals were temporary healthcare facilities intended for large-scale centralised isolation, treatment and disease monitoring of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 cases. These hospitals were an essential component of China’s response to the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Participants

A total of 27 COVID-19 patients were recruited by purposive sampling. Eligible participants were (1) COVID-19 patients; (2) above 18 years of age and (3) able to communicate effectively. Exclusion criteria were (1) being clinically or emotionally unstable and (2) experiencing communication difficulties.

Results

Three themes and nine subthemes were identified. First, COVID-19 patients experienced a range of psychological reactions during hospitalisation, including fear, uncertainty, helplessness and concerns. Second, there were positive and negative experiences associated with communal living. While COVID-19 patients’ evaluation of essential services in the hospital was overall positive, privacy and hygiene issues were highlighted as stressors during their hospital stay. Third, positive peer support and a trusting patient–healthcare professional relationship served as a birthplace for resilience, trust and gratitude in COVID-19 patients.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that, while sacrificing privacy, centralised isolation has the potential to mitigate negative psychological impacts of social isolation in COVID-19 patients by promoting meaningful peer connections, companionship and support within the shared living space. To our knowledge, this is the first study bringing patients’ perspectives into healthcare service appraisal in emergency shelter hospitals.
Joint British Society consensus recommendations for magnetic resonance imaging for patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices
Authors: Bhuva Anish , Charles-Edwards Geoff , Ashmore Jonathan , Lipton Alexandra , Benbow Matthew , Grainger David , Lobban Trudie , Gopalan Deepa , Slade Alistair , Roditi Giles , Manisty Charlotte
Published: September 2022

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is increasingly a fundamental component of the diagnostic pathway across a range of conditions. Historically, the presence of a cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) has been a contraindication for MRI, however, development ofMR Conditionaldevices that can be scanned under strict protocols has facilitated the provision of MRI for patients. Additionally, there is growing safety data to support MR scanning in patients with CIEDs that do not have MR safety labelling or withMR ConditionalCIEDs where certain conditions are not met, where the clinical justification is robust. This means that almost all patients with cardiac devices should now have the same access to MRI scanning in the National Health Service as the general population. Provision of MRI to patients with CIED, however, remains limited in the UK, with only half of units accepting scan requests even for patients withMR ConditionalCIEDs. Service delivery requires specialist equipment and robust protocols to ensure patient safety and facilitate workflows, meanwhile demanding collaboration between healthcare professionals across many disciplines. This document provides consensus recommendations from across the relevant stakeholder professional bodies and patient groups to encourage provision of safe MRI for patients with CIEDs.
Role and relevance of risk stratification models in the modern-day management of non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Balasubramanian R Navin , Mills Greg B , Wilkinson Chris , Mehran Roxana , Kunadian Vijay
Published: September 2022

We summarise the international guidelines surrounding risk stratification as well as discuss new emerging data for future development of a new risk model in the management of patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). NSTE-ACS accounts for the bulk of acute coronary syndrome presentations in the UK, but management strategies in this group of patients have remained a subject of debate for decades. Patients with NSTE-ACS represent a heterogeneous population with a wide variation in short-term and long-term clinical outcomes, which makes a uniform, standardised treatment approach ineffective and inappropriate. Studies in the modern era have provided some guidance in treating this subset of patients: the provision of early, more potent therapies has been shown to improve outcomes in patients at a particularly elevated risk of adverse outcomes. International guidelines recommend adopting an individualised treatment approach through the use of validated risk prediction models to identify such patients at high risk of adverse outcomes. The present available evidence, however, is based on dated demographics, different diagnostic thresholds and outdated therapies. In particular, the evidence has limited applicability to female patients and older people with frailty. Moreover, the current risk models do not capture key prognostic variables, leading to an inaccurate estimation of patients’ baseline risk and subsequent mistreatment. Therefore, the current risk models are no longer fit for purpose and there is a need for risk prediction scores that account for different population demographics, higher sensitivity troponin assays and contemporary treatment options.
Physiological responses to ramp-incremental cycling tests performed at three simulated altitudes: a randomized crossover trial
Authors: Beever Austin T. , Zhuang Andrea Y. , Aboodarda Saied Jalal , Murias Juan M. , MacInnis Martin J.
Published: September 2022

Hypoxia negatively impacts aerobic exercise, but exercise testing in hypoxia has not been studied comprehensively. To determine the effects of simulated altitude on the gas exchange threshold (GET), respiratory compensation point (RCP), and maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), 24 participants (mean [SD]; 26 [4] years; 171.6 [9.7] cm; 69.2 [11.9] kg) acclimatized to mild altitude (MILD; ∼1100 m) performed three cycling ramp-incremental exercise tests (with verification stages performed at 110% of peak power output (PPO)) in simulated altitudes of 0 m (sea level, SL), 1111 m (MILD), and 2222 m (moderate altitude, MOD), in a randomized order. There were significant effects of condition (i.e., fraction of inspired oxygen [FIO2]) for GET ( p = 0.001), RCP ( p < 0.001), V̇O2max ( p < 0.001), and PPO ( p < 0.001). The V̇O2 corresponding to GET and RCP (mL·kg−1·min−1) in MOD (24.1 [4.3]; 37.3 [5.1]) were significantly lower ( p < 0.05) compared to SL (27.1 [4.4]; 41.8 [6.6]) and MILD (26.8 [5.7]; 40.7 [7.3]) but similar ( p > 0.05) between SL and MILD. For each increase in simulated altitude, V̇O2max (SL: 51.3 [7.4]; MILD: 50.0 [7.6]; MOD: 47.3 [7.1] mL·kg−1·min−1) and PPO (SL: 332 [80]; MILD: 327 [78]; SL: 316 [76] W) decreased significantly ( p < 0.05 for all comparisons). V̇O2max values from the verification stage were lower than those measured during the ramp-incremental test ( p = 0.017). Overall, a mild simulated altitude had a significant effect on V̇O2max and PPO but not GET and RCP, MOD decreased all four variables, and the inclusion of a verification stage had little effect on the determination of V̇O2max in a group of young healthy adults regardless of the FIO2. Trial registration: Open Science Framework 10.17605/OSF.IO/ZTC9E.
Changes in serum copeptin in the early onset of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Xie Xiaomin , Bai Guirong , Qiang Dan , Zhang Li , Liu Huili , He Yan Ting , Zhang Xiaojuan
Published: September 2022

Copeptin (C-terminal fragment of pro-arginine vasopressin) levels change as fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and blood pressure change. To explore the clinical significance of changes in copeptin levels in development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), we enrolled patients undergoing physical health examinations who met diagnostic criteria for prediabetes and T2DM. Subjects were divided into eight subgroups based on FPG levels and presence or absence of hypertension, including: a normal group (NGT), FPG < 5.6 mmol/L; prediabetes A, 5.6 mmol/L ≤ FPG < 6.1 mmol/L; prediabetes B, 6.1 mmol/L ≤ FPG < 7.0 mmol/L; and T2DM, FPG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L; participants were further into two subgroups by whether they had hypertension or not. Measures included biochemical indicators, fasting insulin (FINS), and copeptin. Copeptin levels in prediabetes A, prediabetes B, and T2DM groups increased significantly compared to NGT group ( P < 0.01). No significant differences were found in copeptin levels between normal blood pressure and hypertension subgroups in all four groups. Copeptin levels correlated positively with systolic blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), FPG, FINS, and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR; P < 0.05–0.001), and negatively with insulin secretion index ( P < 0.05–0.001). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that copeptin levels correlated independently with elevated HbA1c and aggravated HOMA-IR ( P < 0.001). Increase in copeptin levels may aggravate insulin resistance, finally leading to T2DM.
Anisotropic model of super dense star with linearized core and Van der Waals envelope
Authors: Mardan S. A. , Akbar H. , Noureen I.
Published: September 2022

In this research, core envelope model of a super dense spherically symmetric compact star is developed by considering anisotropic matter configuration. The core is represented by a linear equation of state (EOS), whereas the Van der Waals EOS is used in the envelope region. In the core and envelope of the star, all geometrical and physical factors are viable. The three regions, i.e. the core, envelope and outer space satisfy the junction conditions. The proposed model validates with the properties of Vela X-1, Her X-1 and SMC X-1. It is concluded that in the model presented, the core of the star compresses as the mass increases justifying the domination of gravitational effects on massive astronomical objects.
Quintessence Universe and cosmic acceleration in f (Q, T) gravity
Authors: Koussour M. , Myrzakulov N. , Shekh S. H. , Bennai M.
Published: September 2022

The problem of cosmic acceleration and dark energy is one of the mysteries presently posed in the scientific society that general relativity has not been able to solve. In this work, we have considered alternative models to explain this late-time acceleration in a flat Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) Universe within the framework of the f (Q,T) modified gravity theory (where Q is the nonmetricity and T is the trace of the energy–momentum tensor) recently proposed by Y. Xu et al. [Eur. Phys. J. C 79 (2019) 708], which is an extension of f (Q) gravity with the addition of the T term. Here, we presume a specific form of [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are free model parameters, and obtained the exact solutions by assuming the cosmic time-redshift relation as [Formula: see text] which produces the Hubble parameter of the form [Formula: see text], where m and n are the nonnegative constants, we find the best values for them using 57 data points of the Hubble parameter H(z). Also, we find the behavior of different cosmological parameters as the deceleration parameter (q), energy density [Formula: see text], pressure (p) and equation of state (EoS) parameter [Formula: see text] and compare them with the observational results. To ensure the validity of the results, we studied the energy conditions along with jerk parameter. Finally, we found that our model behaves similarly to the quintessence Universe.
Arbitrarily fast grow-up rates in quasilinear Keller–Segel systems
Authors: Winkler Michael
Published: September 2022

The chemotaxis system [Formula: see text] is considered in a ball [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], where the positive function [Formula: see text] reflects suitably weak diffusion by satisfying [Formula: see text] for some [Formula: see text]. It is shown that whenever [Formula: see text] is positive and satisfies [Formula: see text] as [Formula: see text], one can find a suitably regular nonlinearity [Formula: see text] with the property that at each sufficiently large mass level [Formula: see text] there exists a globally defined radially symmetric classical solution to a Neumann-type boundary value problem for (⋆) which satisfies [Formula: see text]
K-Periodic Scheduling for Throughput-Buffering Trade-Off Exploration of CSDF
Authors: Koh Jaime , Bodin Bruno
Published: September 2022

The design of time-critical embedded systems often requires static models of computation such as cyclo-static dataflow. These models enable performance guarantees, execution correctness, and optimized memory usage. Nonetheless, determining optimal buffer sizing of dataflow applications remains difficult: existing methods offer either approximate solutions or fail to provide solutions for complex instances. We propose a throughput-buffering trade-off exploration that uses K-periodic scheduling to direct a design-space exploration—providing optimal solutions while significantly reducing the search space compared to existing methodologies. We compare this strategy against previous approaches and demonstrate search-space reductions over two benchmark suites, resulting in significant improvements in computation times while retaining optimal results.
Is it Violin or Viola? Classifying the Instruments’ Music Pieces using Descriptive Statistics
Authors: Tan Chong Hong , Wong Koksheik , Baskaran Vishnu Monn , Adhinugraha Kiki , Taniar David
Published: September 2022

Classifying music pieces based on their instrument sounds is pivotal for analysis and application purposes. Given its importance, techniques using machine learning have been proposed to classify violin and viola music pieces. The violin and viola are two different instruments with three overlapping strings of the same notes, and it is challenging for ordinary people or even musicians to distinguish the sound produced by these instruments. However, the classification of musical instrument pieces was barely performed by prior research. To solve this problem, we propose a technique using descriptive statistics to reliably distinguish between violin and viola music pieces. Likewise, a similar technique on the basis of histogram is introduced alongside the main descriptive statistics approach. These approaches are derived based on the nature of the instruments’ strings and the range of their pieces. We also solve the problem in the current literature which divide the audio into segments for processing instead of managing the whole song. Thereby, we compile a dataset of recordings that comprises of violin and viola solo pieces from the Baroque, Classical, Romantic, and Modern eras. Experiment results suggest that our approach achieves high accuracy on solo pieces as compared to other methods with 0.97 accuracy on Baroque pieces.
Scene Graph Semantic Inference for Image and Text Matching
Authors: Pei Jiaming , Zhong Kaiyang , Yu Zhi , Wang Lukun , Lakshmanna Kuruva
Published: September 2022

With the rapid development of information technology, image and text data have increased dramatically. Image and text matching techniques enable computers to understand information from both visual and text modalities and match them based on semantic content. Existing methods focus on visual and textual object co-occurrence statistics and learning coarse-level associations. However, the lack of intramodal semantic inference leads to the failure of fine-level association between modalities. Scene graphs can capture the interactions between visual and textual objects and model intramodal semantic associations, which are crucial for the understanding of scenes contained in images and text. In this article, we propose a novel scene graph semantic inference network (SGSIN) for image and text matching that effectively learns fine-level semantic information in vision and text to facilitate bridging cross-modal discrepancies. Specifically, we design two matching modules and construct scene graphs within each matching module for aggregating neighborhood information to refine the semantic representation of each object and achieve fine-level alignment of visual and textual modalities. We perform extended experiments in Flickr30K and MSCOCO and achieve state-of-the-art results, which validate the advantages of our proposed approach.
Epistasis and Adaptation on Fitness Landscapes
Authors: Bank Claudia
Published: September 2022

Epistasis occurs when the effect of a mutation depends on its carrier's genetic background. Despite increasing evidence that epistasis for fitness is common, its role during evolution is contentious. Fitness landscapes, which are mappings of genotype or phenotype to fitness, capture the full extent and complexity of epistasis. Fitness landscape theory has shown how epistasis affects the course and the outcome of evolution. Moreover, by measuring the competitive fitness of sets of tens to thousands of connected genotypes, empirical fitness landscapes have shown that epistasis is frequent and depends on the fitness measure, the choice of mutations for the landscape, and the environment in which it was measured. In this article, I review fitness landscape theory and experiments and their implications for the role of epistasis in adaptation. I discuss theoretical expectations in the light of empirical fitness landscapes and highlight open challenges and future directions toward integrating theory and data and incorporating ecological factors.
Carbon Leakage, Consumption, and Trade
Authors: Grubb Michael , Jordan Nino David , Hertwich Edgar , Neuhoff Karsten , Das Kasturi , Bandyopadhyay Kaushik Ranjan , van Asselt Harro , Sato Misato , Wang Ranran , Pizer William A. , Oh Hyungna
Published: September 2022

We review the state of knowledge concerning international CO2emission transfers associated particularly with trade in energy-intensive goods and concerns about carbon leakage arising from climate policies. The historical increase in aggregate emission transfers from developing to developed countries peaked around 2006 and declined since. Studies find no evidence that climate policies lead to carbon leakage, but this is partly due to shielding of key industrial sectors, which is incompatible with deep decarbonization. Alternative or complementary consumption-based approaches areneeded. Private sector initiatives to trace and address carbon emissions throughout supply chains have grown substantially but cannot compensate for inadequate policy. Three main price-based approaches to tackling carbon leakage are potentially compatible with international trade rules: border adjustments on imports, carbon consumption charges, and climate excise contributions combined with emissions trading. We also consider standards and public procurement options to tackle embodied emissions. Finally, we discuss proposals for carbon clubs involving cooperation among a limited set of countries.
Psychological Resilience: An Affect-Regulation Framework
Authors: Troy Allison S. , Willroth Emily C. , Shallcross Amanda J. , Giuliani Nicole R. , Gross James J. , Mauss Iris B.
Published: September 2022

Exposure to adversity (e.g., poverty, bereavement) is a robust predictor of disruptions in psychological functioning. However, people vary greatly in their responses to adversity; some experience severe long-term disruptions, others experience minimal disruptions or even improvements. We refer to the latter outcomes—faring better than expected given adversity—as psychological resilience. Understanding what processes explain resilience has critical theoretical and practical implications. Yet, psychology's understanding of resilience is incomplete, for two reasons: ( a) We lack conceptual clarity, and ( b) two major approaches to resilience—the stress and coping approach and the emotion and emotion-regulation approach—have limitations and are relatively isolated from one another. To address these two obstacles,we first discuss conceptual questions about resilience. Next, we offer an integrative affect-regulation framework that capitalizes on complementary strengths of both approaches. This framework advances our understanding of resilience by integrating existing findings, highlighting gaps in knowledge, and guiding future research.
Emotion in Organizations: Theory and Research
Authors: Elfenbein Hillary Anger
Published: September 2022

The workplace elicits a wide range of emotions and, likewise, emotions change our experience of the workplace. This article reviews the scientific field of emotion in organizations, drawing from classic theories and cutting-edge advances to integrate a disparate body of research. The review is organized around the definition of emotion as an unfolding sequence of processes: We interpret the world around us for its subjective meaning, which results in emotional experience. Emotional experience, in turn, has consequences for behaviors, attitudes, and cognition. Emotional experience also elicits expressive cues that can be recognized by others. Each process in the emotion sequence can be regulated. Processes can also iterate until emotion is shared throughout workgroups and even entire organizations. A distinct body of organizationally relevant research exists for each process, and emotional intelligence refers to effectiveness across all. Differences across culture and gender, future research directions, and practical implications are discussed.
MOF-74 Derived Carbon-Stabilized Pt/Cu-PC-900 Nanoparticles: Ultra-low Pt Content and Improved Electrocatalytic Activity
Authors: Parkash Anand , Islam Mazharul , Qureshi Khan Muhammad , Arain Adeel Mukhtar
Published: September 2022

Fuel cell technology is the best alternative to replace fossil fuels in the modern period. Platinum-based materials may function well as fuel cell electrodes because these can be employed as catalytic materials to carry out the infamous oxygen reduction process. In this respect, a copper-based metal-organic framework (Cu-MOF-74) was first created, to which ultralow content platinum nanoparticles (Pt/Cu-MOF-74) were added, and the structure was then studied using a variety of experimental approaches. After heating the MOF to 900 °C, Pt and Cu nanoparticles are incorporated into it to create a homogenized hybrid functional material, which is then pyrolyzed (Pt-Cu-PC-900). Compared to the 20% Pt/C catalyst available commercially, the Pt/Cu-PC-900 hybrid has shown superior ORR performance in terms of half-wave potential and limiting current density. This study emphasizes the value of nanoparticles with low content of Pt for potential large-scale commercial fuel cell applications.
Troxerutin attenuates insulin resistance via pancreatic IL-22/JAK1/STAT3 signaling activation in dihydrotestosterone-induced polycystic ovary syndrome rats
Authors: Gao Zixuan , Wang Gui , Ma Xiaochen , Tan Huihui , Zhang Chu , Yin Xin , Suo Feng , Yao Ruiqin , Yan Xiaonan
Published: September 2022

Troxerutin decreased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium, along with enhancement of secondary bile acids/IL-22 system, which thereby activated its downstream IL-22R1/JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway in pancreatic β cells, subsequently attenuated insulin resistance (IR), hyperandrogenism and PCOS-like phenotypes in DHT-induced PCOS rat models. Troxerutin is an endogenous IL-22 enhancer and may be of therapeutic value for PCOS with insulin resistance.
Structures Guided Dynamic Scene Deblurring Method
Authors: Qi Qing
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we integrate image gradient priors into a generative adversarial networks (GANs) to deal with the dynamic scene deblurring task. Even though image deblurring has progressed significantly, the deep learning-based methods rarely take advantage of image gradients priors. Image gradient priors regularize the image recovery process and serve as a quantitative evaluation metric for evaluating the quality of deblurred images. In contrast to previous methods, the proposed model utilizes a data-driven way to learn image gradients. Under the guidance of image gradient priors, we permeate it throughout the design of network structures and target loss functions. For the network architecture, we develop a GradientNet to compute image gradients via horizontal and vertical directions in parallel rather than adopt traditional edge detection operators. For the loss functions, we propose target loss functions to constrain the network training. The proposed image deblurring strategy discards the tedious steps of solving optimization equations and taking further advantage of learning massive data features through deep learning. Extensive experiments on synthetic datasets and real-world images demonstrate that our model outperforms state-of-the-art (SOAT) methods.
The Big Data Model for Urban Road Land Use Planning Is Based on a Neural Network Algorithm
Authors: Tu Sunan , Zhang Ming
Published: September 2022

The spatial differentiation of land use induces traffic demand and guides the construction of traffic supply; traffic conditions are an important influencing factor in determining the nature of land use, and there is a close interaction between the two. This study uses a neural network-based approach at the urban grid level to portray representative phenomena of urban development and analyze the interaction between transportation and land use. The results reflect the model’s effective simulation of urban laws, and the case study reveals the differences in the laws of different cities, to guide the benign development of cities and transportation. This article firstly conducts a study on the theoretical foundation; compares the development history, planning, and design methods and practical experience of road planning and resilient planning; summarizes the experience of resilient road system design; and analyzes the future development trend, based on the above basic theoretical research, to develop research ideas and methods. Secondly, the scenario analysis method is explicitly applied to analyze various scenarios that may occur in the future development process of simulated urban roads and rank the scenarios based on the probability of occurrence. For the impact of traffic on land use, the concepts of vitality and potential are introduced, and a multidimensional long and short-term memory network (MDLSTM) model is established. The model takes into account land use lags and potential transfer and has relatively higher prediction accuracy. The results show that larger cities with urban dominant industries and tertiary industries also have higher land use potential and the more significantly influenced by traffic.
Online Corpus Construction of English Text Collection, Data Cleaning, and Similarity Analysis
Authors: Wang Huanyu
Published: September 2022

Corpora are applied to analyze and study the characteristics of the target language. In language education, corpora are playing an increasingly essential role due to their large capacity, authenticity, rapid and accurate retrieval, as well as quick and easy statistics. At present, a great number of universities are trying to apply the textbook corpus to English teaching. However, most of the existing corpora face the issue of poor sharing. In addition, these corpora may be limited to a specific textbook, which leads to the lack of wide coverage of the retrieval and analysis results. As a result, it is quite necessary to develop a set of English corpora that is highly relevant, well shared, and easy to use by fully integrating existing teaching resources according to the characteristics of English subjects in universities. In recent years, the use of corpus-assisted English language teaching has gained widespread attention and exploration as computers have become more and more popular. After all, a corpus-based teaching model can effectively eliminate the various drawbacks of traditional vocabulary teaching. In fact, the corpus has a large amount of authentic corpus. The authenticity and practicality of the corpus facilitate students’ mastery and use of English vocabulary in real contexts. What is more, the new model of corpus-assisted English vocabulary teaching can greatly increase independent learning and cooperative activities, so that students can increase their internal motivation for learning. This study begins with a brief introduction to the concept and characteristics of corpora. To be specific, the advantages of the corpus application in foreign language teaching are explained. At the same time, this research further analyzes the shortcomings of the existing corpus in university English education from the perspective of the current development and application of English corpora as well as clarifies the importance of building a corpus of university English teaching materials. After that, the system’s operating environment and main development techniques are determined according to the specific requirements of the corpus for university English textbooks. In other words, the overall design and detailed design of the corpus and its management system were then carried out on the basis of the chosen technology platform. In addition, the structure of the tables in the database is analyzed and the basic components and operation procedures of the system are introduced. Furthermore, the functional modules of the system are designed. At the same time, the automatic word and sentence separation methods of the original corpus, the corpus entry process, the cross-distance search of the corpus, and the statistical analysis of the search results are discussed in detail. In conclusion, this study is based on English text collection and data cleaning techniques to build an online corpus.
Cortistatin-14 Exerts Neuroprotective Effect Against Microglial Activation, Blood-brain Barrier Disruption, and Cognitive Impairment in Sepsis-associated Encephalopathy
Authors: Wen Qiang , Ding Qian , Wang Jinchao , Yin Yanhua , Xu Shangchen , Ju Yuanrong , Ji Hongsheng , Liu Bin
Published: September 2022

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a life-threatening deterioration of mental status in relation to long-term and disabling cognitive dysfunction that is common in intensive care units worldwide. Cortistatin-14 is a neuropeptide structurally resembling somastostatin, which has been proven to play a crucial role in sepsis. The present study aimed to explore the neuroprotective role of cortistatin-14 in sepsis-associated encephalopathy and its underlying mechanisms in a mouse model. A septic mice model was established using the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) method. The novel object recognition test (NORT), open field test (OFT), elevated plus maze test (EPMT), and tail suspension test (TST) were used to explore the behavioral performance of the mice. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the microstructure of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Evans Blue staining was used to examine the integrity of the BBB. Immunofluorescence was used to examine the morphology and infiltration of microglia. A multiplex cytokine bead array assay was used to determine cytokine and chemokine levels in mouse serum and brain tissues. NORT revealed that cortistatin treatment improved cognitive impairment in septic mice. OFT, EPMT, and TST indicated that cortistatin-14 relieved the anxiety-related behaviors of CLP mice. In addition, cortistatin-14 treatment decreased the levels of various inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α in both the serum and brain of septic mice. Cortistatin reduced sepsis-induced blood-brain barrier disruption and inhibited microglial activation after the onset of sepsis. Cortistatin exerts neuroprotective effects against SAE and cognitive dysfunction in a CLP-induced mouse model of sepsis.
Taekwondo Trajectory Tracking Based on Multitarget Detection Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Liying , Li Manchao
Published: September 2022

In order to further improve the effect of fuzzy PID controller applied to joint robot trajectory tracking control, a Taekwondo trajectory tracking method based on multitarget detection algorithm is proposed in this study. Firstly, a fuzzy PID controller for trajectory tracking of joint robot is designed. Secondly, considering the two optimization objectives of controller output torque and trajectory tracking control deviation, an improved multiobjective PSO algorithm is designed to optimize the membership function and fuzzy rules of fuzzy PID controller. Finally, the multiobjective PSO algorithm and the improved multiobjective PSO algorithm are used to optimize the trajectory tracking fuzzy PID controller. The vector sets of the two optimization objectives are obtained, and the optimization results are compared and analyzed. The simulation results show that the simulation step length is t = 0.01 s, and the total simulation time is 10 s. Using the controller, the simulation values and output torque values of each joint angle at each time can be obtained, which are used to calculate the two objective function values in the optimization algorithm. According to the process, the optimization algorithm parameters are set, and the control simulation system designed above is run to complete the improved multiobjective PSO optimization of the trajectory tracking fuzzy PID controller of the joint robot. Conclusion. The improved multiobjective PSO algorithm has better nondominated solution set, which verifies the effectiveness and superiority of the algorithm to optimize the robot trajectory tracking fuzzy PID controller.
Harpagophytum procumbens Inhibits Iron Overload-Induced Oxidative Stress through Activation of Nrf2 Signaling in a Rat Model of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Authors: Hong Jin Young , Kim Hyunseong , Lee Junseon , Jeon Wan-Jin , Lee Yoon Jae , Ha In-Hyuk
Published: September 2022

Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a common degenerative spinal condition in older individuals that causes impaired walking and other disabilities due to severe lower back and leg pain. Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy is a major LSS cause that may result from oxidative stress caused by degenerative cascades, including imbalanced iron homeostasis that leads to excessive reactive oxygen species production. We investigated the effects of Harpagophytum procumbens (HP) on iron-induced oxidative stress associated with LSS pathophysiology. Primary spinal cord neuron cultures were incubated in FeSO4-containing medium, followed by addition of 50, 100, or 200 μg/mL HP. Cell viability was assessed by CCK-8 and live/dead cell assays and by propidium iodide-live imaging. In an in vivo rat model of LSS, HP were administered at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, and disease progression was monitored for up to 3 weeks. We investigated the in vitro and in vivo effects of HP on iron-induced neurotoxicity by immunochemistry, real-time PCR, and flow cytometry. HP exerted neuroprotective effects and enhanced neurite outgrowths of iron-injured rat primary spinal cord neurons in vitro. HP treatment significantly reduced necrotic cell death and improved cells’ antioxidative capacity via the NRF2 signaling pathway in iron-treated neurons. At 1 week after HP administration in LSS rats, the inflammatory response and oxidative stress markers were substantially reduced through regulation of excess iron accumulation. Iron that accumulated in the spinal cord underneath the implanted silicone was also regulated by HP administration via NRF2 signaling pathway activation. HP-treated LSS rats showed gradually reduced mechanical allodynia and amelioration of impaired behavior for 3 weeks. We demonstrated that HP administration can maintain iron homeostasis within neurons via activation of NRF2 signaling and can consequently facilitate functional recovery by regulating iron-induced oxidative stress. This fundamentally new strategy holds promise for LSS treatment.
[Retracted] Analysis of the Relationship between Dance Action and Health Psychology in the Process of Dance Performance Teaching Environment
Authors: Huang Jing
Published: September 2022

One of the public fundamental disciplines that is typically put up among the professional teaching units in universities is dance. In order for this sports project with fitness, mental health, and aesthetic functions to be widely developed in universities, the use of reasonable, scientific, and targeted teaching methods can effectively improve the instructional effect. At the same time, it has further promoted the quality of education in universities and implemented the guiding ideology of “health first.” In order to avoid the classifier’s performance‐degrading effects brought on by the high dimension, this research suggests combining the classifier’s psychological stress identification algorithm with a particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach. The experimental findings reveal that the PSO‐SVM algorithm, PSO‐BP algorithm, improved PSO‐SVM algorithm, and improved PSO‐BP algorithm, respectively, have recognition rates for psychological stress of 82.50%, 84.50%, 90.17%, and 94.83%. Additionally, the recognition rates of the improved PSO classifier are significantly higher than those of the basic PSO algorithm, demonstrating the improved PSO algorithm’s strong generalization ability in optimization.