bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Four new species of Philoplitis Nixon (Braconidae, Microgastrinae) with an updated key and illustrations of all described species
Authors: Ranjith A.P. , Fernandez-Triana Jose , Veena T. , Rajan Priyadarsanan , Nasser Mannankadiyan
Published: May 2019

The Microgastrinae genusPhiloplitisNixon is revised and four new species are described:P.keralensissp. n.andP.trifoveatussp. n.authored by Ranjith & Fernandez-Triana, andP.dzangasanghasp. n.andP.margallasp. n.authored by Fernandez-Triana & Ranjith. A key to all nine known species is provided.PhiloplitisadustipalpusAhmad is redescribed and illustrated. Additional specimen records are presented, and the diagnostic value of some morphological characters previously used is discussed. Based on the very few specimens available for study in collections,Philoplitisseems to be restricted to the Old World tropics (Afrotropical and Oriental regions), with most known species found in the Oriental region. The first DNA barcodes for the genus are presented. No host data is currently available, but for one species a mass of five wasp cocoons was found and is illustrated for the first time.
HOW NURSES REACT TO PATIENT ASSAULT
Authors: Lanza Marilyn Lewis
Published: May 2019

Violence directed toward nurses by their patients may range from abusive language to serious physical assault. For many psychiatric nurses, assault by patients is a job hazard that until recently has been given little attention.
Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 15-5 pH Stainless Steel for Fastener Applications
Authors: Aldhabib Faisal , Sun Xiao Dong , Alsumait Abdullah , Alzubi Fahad , Ashe Elias , Shen Ke Ren , Lu De Yi , Cheng Adrian , Tovalin Kelly , Del Campo Martin , Taormina Alina Garcia , Li Yong Jun , Ramsey Brentt , Zeng Liang , Es-Said Omar S.
Published: May 2019

15-5PH stainless steel is widely used in the aerospace industry, from precision fuse pins to forged products, due to its various high-performance properties. However, there is little systematic evaluation of heat treatment responses, especially at ultra-high temperatures above 650°C (1200°F). The objective of this work was to evaluate the mechanical and microstructural properties of 15-5 PH stainless steel at various heat treatments. Multiple heat treatment parameters were tested. The samples tested had varied chemical compositions because they were from different vendors. The experimental work included multiple aging temperatures, time, heating rates, and the effects of multiple aging treatments. A total of 38 different heat treatments were conducted on these specimens. There was a linear correlation between hardness and ultimate and yield strength. Optical microscopy showed martensitic structures with very fine grains in all the tested samples. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images showed ductile fracture in all the samples.
Segregation and Phase Transitions in Grain Boundaries
Authors: Bokstein Boris , Rodin Alexey , Itckovich Aleksei , Klinger Leonid
Published: May 2019

The paper is devoted to some properties of grain boundaries: Segregation and concentration phase transitions – two important consequences of atomic interactions in grain boundaries. Except of a short description the Gibbs method of surface excesses and grain boundary segregation isotherms with the limited number of segregation sites in grain boundary, the paper concentrates on the effects of complexes formation, including thermodynamic and computer modeling, and concentration phase transition in the grain boundaries in systems with restricted solubility and intermediate compounds.
Synthesis and Characterization of Fe-Based Nanocomposites
Authors: Otmane Fadhéla , Triaa Salim , Maali A. , Rekioua B.
Published: May 2019

This study reports on the elaboration and characterization of bulk nanocomposites samples obtained by dispersion of metallic powders at the nanoscale as reinforcements in a polymer matrix. Elemental Fe powders were successfully nanostructured via high-energy ball milling. Structural characterization of the produced powders was conducted using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The Halder-Wagner approach was adopted to determine the powder’s average grain size, internal strain, lattice parameters and the mixing factors. Structural parameters evolution and morphological changes according to milling progression are discussed. Bulk nanocomposites samples were shaped in a home moulder by dispersion of coarse Fe and nanostructured Fe powders in a continuous matrix of commercial epoxy resin. The obtained bulk samples match the metallic X-band wave-guide WR-90 dimensions used for electromagnetic characterization. The two-port Sij scattering parameters were measured via an Agilent 8791 ES network analyzer. The measured scattering parameters served to calculate the loss factor of samples and to extract the dielectric permittivity via the Nicholson-Ross-Weir conversion. Spectra evolution of the scattering parameters, the loss factor and the dielectric constant for epoxy resin with coarse Fe and nanostructured Fe reinforcements are commented.
Moisture Diffusion in Silica/Clay/Natural Rubber Hybrid Composites
Authors: Pajarito Bryan B. , Ali Mark Rigel R.
Published: May 2019

This study investigated moisture diffusion in natural rubber (NR) hybrid composites filled with silica and bentonite clay. Natural bentonite (BNT) was treated with tetradecyldimethylammonium chloride and coco diethanolamide to produce modified bentonite (M-BNT). Varied proportions of silica, M-BNT, and BNT fillers were added to raw NR according to a third-degree simplex lattice mixture design of experiment. The addition of fillers affects the vulcanization characteristics, mechanical properties, and hardness of NR hybrid composites. Moisture diffusion behavior was studied by monitoring the water uptake of NR composites during immersion in deionized water at 80°C. Data from sorption experiments were fitted on the classical Fickian and Langmuir-type diffusion models. The Fickian model overestimates and underestimates the water uptake of NR composites in the early and later stages of moisture diffusion, respectively. On the other hand, the Langmuir-type model adequately captures the anomalous diffusion behavior of moisture in NR composites. Parameters of the Langmuir model (equilibrium water uptake and diffusion coefficient) vary with the composition of hybrid fillers. Optimum proportions of silica, M-BNT, and BNT in rubber composites were obtained by considering the effect of fillers on mechanical properties and moisture diffusion characteristics of NR.
Hybrid Effect on Hybrid Composite Reinforced Carbon Fibers and Flax Fibers
Authors: Nguyen Anh Vu , Charlet Karine , Bouzgarrou Belhassen Chedli , Pham Ky Nam , Vu Trong Dai , Béakou Alexis
Published: May 2019

In this paper, hybrid composite made of carbon woven fibers and flax woven fibers is studied. This hybrid composite structure takes advantages of high resistance, high stiffness of carbon fibers and high damping and low density of flax fibers. Different structures of flax woven composites, carbon woven composites and hybrid composites were fabricated and tested experimentally. With aim of predicting the properties of the hybrid composite, a homogenization model of the composite is established. The homogenization model is based on the rule-of-mixture and iso-strain assumption. The results of the analytical homogenization model (AHM) are then compared with the results of experimental tests. The results show a good agreement between the AHM and the experimental results at the homogenization level of the woven composite. However, at the hybrid composite homogenization level, the experimental results present considerably higher stiffness than analytical results that is explained by hybrid effect on the hybrid composite.
Effect of Hectorite Clay Loading on Thermal Properties of Superabsorbent Polymer Composite Based on Polystyrene-Graft-Polycrylic Acid/Hectorite Clay and Mung Bean Starch
Authors: Deraman Nurul Fasiha , Mohamed Nur Raihan , Romli Ahmad Zafir
Published: May 2019

A series of superabsorbent polymer composites (SAPCs) were synthesized via emulsion polymerization of partially neutralized acrylic acid onto polystyrene in the presence of Hectorite (HT) clay powder and mung bean starch (MBSt) using Ammonium Persulphate and N’N,-Methylenebisacrylamide as initiator and crosslinker, respectively. The aim of this study is to prepare a hydrogel composite using Hectorite clay as the reinforcement and to study the effect of Hectorite clay on the thermal properties of the composite. FTIR analysis confirmed that the grafting polymerization took place among acrylic acid, polystyrene, mung bean starch and Hectorite clay. From DSC ad TGA analysis, the glass transition temperature (Tg) increased and the weight loss of the composite reduced upon incorporation of Hectorite clay.
Influences of Boron Concentration on Mechanical Properties of Ni-W-B Composite Coatings
Authors: Harachai Komsak , Qin Jia Qian , Boonyongmaneerat Yuttanant , Jaroenapibal Papot
Published: May 2019

Ni-W-B alloy coating containing amorphous boron particle were fabricated by direct current electrodeposition on low carbon steel substrates. The effect of boron concentration in the plating bath on the surface morphology, the overall boron content in the deposited layers and the hardness of the resulting coating layer were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the surface morphology of the Ni-W-B coating layer was largely modified by the boron particle loading in the electroplating suspension. Distinct nodular structures were observed in these samples. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) spectra suggested that the overall boron content in the coating layer increased with increasing boron particle loading from 1 to 3 g/L. Too high boron particle loading of 10 g/L resulted in lower overall boron content. The highest hardness of 680.86 ± 17.67 Hv was obtained from Ni-W-B/B coating layer fabricated using the boron particle loading of 5 g/L.
Characterization and Morphology of Nanosilver Coating on Zeolite of ZSM-5, Mordenite, and Y Type
Authors: Budtri Natphichon , Khongman Sarunrat , Aekram Suwan , Klinsuk Jintaphorn , Somphong Charoonsak , Lertsiriyothin Weerasak
Published: May 2019

Morphology of silver nanoparticle coated on ZSM-5, mordenite, and Y-Type zeolite by Stöber’s and Tollen’s methods was characterized. The silver element was confirmed by SEM, EDX spectrum and XRD. Nanoparticle size of the silver fabricated on the surface of all three types of zeolite by Stöber’s method appeared in 1.8-7.9 times smaller than the Tollen’s methods depending on the Si/Al ratio of the zeolite. The ZSM-5, containing the highest Si/Al ratio and the largest crystal size, provided the best adhesion to the silver nanoparticles. Analysis of the SEM image showed a well distribution of silver nanoparticles on all types of zeolites, but only for the Stöber’s coating technique. A 4.54% coverage area of the silver nanoparticles on the Y-Type zeolite was enough for transformation the crystalline structure of zeolite surface to amorphous as consequent of the broad peak XRD spectrum. Since the zeolite surface was not fully obscured by silver nanoparticles as confirmed by FTIR, its absorption property of zeolite was also preserved. The Raman signal enhancement was evident when zeolite was coated with silver nanoparticle.
Preparation and Characterization of NiO/YSZ and Ni/YSZ Porous Composite Electrodes Synthesized via Glycine-Nitrate Combustion Process
Authors: Imperial James Francis , Cervera Rinlee Butch M.
Published: May 2019

Electrode materials require a good porosity and a fine microstructure in order to maximize the triple phase boundary between the electronic conductor, ionic conductor and the gases involved in the reaction. In this study, NiO/YSZ composite, one of the most desired candidates as a cathode material for solid oxide electrolysis cells, was synthesized via glycine-nitrate combustion process. The composite powder was mixed with carbon black pore former in order to increase the porosity of NiO/YSZ. The samples were sintered at 1300 °C and subsequently reduced. X-ray diffraction patterns of the as-reduced samples confirm the transformation of NiO to Ni phase. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) images were able to confirm the reduction of NiO to Ni. From the results of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis, the total conductivity of Ni/YSZ at 700 °C were about 1.37 × 10-1 and 1.12 × 10-1 S/cm for the unmodified and carbon black-modified samples, respectively.
Fabrication of Bioactive Glass with Titanium Ion Doping via Various Reactive Environments
Authors: Fang Wei , Huang Bo Rui , Liu Tzu Hao , Chen Jhih An , Chang Ching Fen , Huang Chih Ling
Published: May 2019

Bioactive glass has high biocompatibility and bioactivity. With specific ion adding, it can show different advantages. Titanium ion can improve the mechanic strength, antibacterial ability of bioactive glass, and stability. In this study, bioactive glass with titanium ion doping by the sol-gel method via various reactive environments was fabricated successfully. The morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical composition was measured by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). By soaking in SBF, the bioactivity of samples had also been analyzed. The formula of bioglass has been optimized to make the better bioactivity.
Modeling of Artificial Neural Network for the Prediction of Hole Taper and HAZ Width of Nd:YVO4 Laser Micro-Drilled Copper Sheet
Authors: Choudhury Samrat , Mandal Kajal Kumar
Published: May 2019

Copper is one of the best light metal based on their properties and usefulness in the field of precision parts.Emergence of advanced engineering materials, unusual size and intricate shape of jobleads towards the use of non-conventional machining processes. Laser beam machining (LBM) is one of them which is non-contact and optical-thermal process used for machining almost all range of engineering materials. Artificial neural network is used to develop a prediction model representing complex relationship between the input (process) parameters and output parameters (responses). In this present paper, micro-drilling has been performed on 0.2 mm thickcopper sheet by Nd:YVO4 laser of 12 kW. Design of experiment is performed by Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array. Here, hole taper and HAZ width have been observed varying the process parameters like laser beam power, pulse frequency, scanning speed and number of pass. Experimental results are analyzed by S/N ratio and verified by confirmation experiment. A feed forward back propagation ANN model is also developed to predict the responses at any combination of process parameters within the limit.
Homogenization and Extrudability of 5056 Aluminum Alloy Billet
Authors: Hsiao Cheng Hsin , Kao Sen Tian , Chen Wen Jauh
Published: May 2019

Through a series of homogenization and extrusion experiments, the extrusion efficacy of 5056 seamless tubes is improved. Although better extrusion practice was apparent with better homogenization parameters for 5056 alloy, a little over-burning structure and phenomena were found on and in the surface and segregation zone of homogenized billet. The extrudability is worse than theoretical level with no aluminum and magnesium oxide particles on the billet surface. Additional, another quality problem in this study is the segregation zone in 5056 larger billets. The over-heat structure was smoothly flowed into the seamless tube by indirect extrusion, and that makes surface bubbles.
Preliminary Study of Ultrasound-Assisted Laser Hardening of AISI H13 Tool Steel
Authors: Charee Wisan , Tangwarodomnukun Viboon
Published: May 2019

This paper presents the viability of ultrasound in assisting the performance of laser hardening process. A nanosecond pulse laser was employed as a heat source in this study to heat and introduce hardened phase in AISI H13 tool steel. The influences of laser power and traverse speed on surface roughness and case depth of laser-irradiated region were experimentally investigated. The laser processing with the assist of ultrasound can improve the surface roughness of laser-hardened area by 7.5% and also increase the case depth by 7.65% compared to the non-ultrasound condition. Under a suitable processing condition, the laser can harden and polish the metal surface at the same when the ultrasound was incorporated in the process. The implication of this study will broaden the viability of ultrasound in the laser surface hardening/polishing of metals.
Effect of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment of Glass Fibers on the Composite Strength of Endless Fiber-Reinforced Injection Molded Components
Authors: Gebken Tobias , Sachs Rüdiger , Kühn Markus , Ihde Jörg , Dröder Klaus , Wilken Ralph
Published: May 2019

Injection molding is an efficient manufacturing process for short-fiber reinforced plastic components and is used for the production of semi-structural or geometrically complex components. To improve stiffness and strength, continuous fibers can be locally integrated inside the part during manufacturing. A local integration of fibers is not feasible for high output manufacturing processes but can be achieved by direct impregnation of endless fibers in the injection molding process. It is a challenging option to integrate endless fibers in injection molded parts in means of fiber position and infiltration. Thereby, the knowledge of the flow process of the injected melt must be precisely understood in means of orientation of the fibers to achieve a correct position. In previous works the process parameters for the impregnation of fibers and the composite behavior of untreated fibers were investigated. As a result, the surface pretreatment of the fibers can have an important effect on the composite and the direct impregnation of fibers. An important focus of this work is the pretreatment of glass fibers by plasma. The influence of the plasma parameters resulting on the adhesion properties between fiber and matrix and thus the bond strength of the composite are evaluated and measures for further adhesive property improvement are shown.
Influencing Intermetallic Layers of Hot Stamped Steel for Adhesively Bonded Plastic Metal Hybrids
Authors: Demes Michael , Beuscher Jan , Kühn Markus , Dröder Klaus
Published: May 2019

Hot stamping of high strength steel parts is an established way to realize today ́s structural lightweight components in car bodies through sheet thickness reduction. The steel typically used for hot stamping is a boron-manganese 22MnB5 steel reaching up to 1,900 MPa in strength. New boron-manganese alloys achieving higher strength are expected to be developed, generating challenges for the manufacturing process by means of formability. Thus, a further reduction of steel thickness resulting in lighter components is not expected. Hybrid lightweight design approaches aim at weight reduction by reducing steel thickness and applying fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP) to regain structural stiffness and strength. The use of residual heat remaining from the hot stamping process allows to activate adhesives to bond FRP to hot stamped steel. The performances of adhesive bonds depend strongly on surface characteristics. To avoid scaling and decarburization during the heating process several coatings for hot stamped steels are used forming intermetallic layers through heat treatment. The most common coating in today’s automotive application is an Al-Si coating. Thus, the overall performance of the adhesive bonded hot stamped metal polymer hybrid is not only depending on adhesives performance but also strongly on the hot stamped steel’s coating performance. In this paper, the characteristics of hot stamped steel 22MnB5 Al-Si coating are investigated with regard to adhesion performance. Therefore, hot stamped specimens are manufactured under realistic industrial conditions investigating the influence of furnace temperature and dwell time on the overall coating and intermetallic layers of Al-Si coating. The specimens are investigated with respect to Al-Si coating thickness, lap shear strength of hybrid specimen and tensile strength of hot stamped steel demonstrating the dependency of the overall hybrid specimen performance from the coating performance.
Degree of Conversion of Experimental Light-Cured Orthodontic Adhesives
Authors: Nimcharoensuk Kanin , Anuwongnukroh Niwat , Dechkunakorn Surachai , Sattabanasuk Vanthana , Sunintaboon Panya , Wichai Wassana
Published: May 2019

The objectives of this study were to compare the polymerization of three experimental light-cured orthodontic adhesives by determining their degree of conversion (DOC) and to compare the results with a control (Transbond XT; 3M Unitek, USA). Three formulas of an in-house orthodontic adhesive were divided according to monomer ratio (BisGMA:TEGDMA) into group 1 (8:2), 2 (7:3), and 3 (6:4), respectively, with 60-70 weight % of filler amount and 0.5 % of photoinitiator (TPO). All specimen (n=5 per group) were cured with a LED curing unit. The DOC was estimated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer (Nicolet 6700, Madison, Michigan, USA) immediately following polymerization and on Day 1, Day 7, and Day 30. For statistical analysis, Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman tests were used to compare the materials and the periods, respectively, with p=0.05. The result showed that the DOC was significantly different among the groups and time periods. The highest and lowest DOC at each of the periods were obtained from group 3 and group 1, respectively. Among the time periods, the DOC values of all groups increased considerably on Day 1 following curing as compared to when it was measured immediately, and the DOC gradually increased until Day 30. In conclusion, the experimental orthodontic adhesive in group 3 with a monomer ratio of 6:4 provided the highest DOC among all the adhesives and was superior to Transbond XT at all periods of examination.
Investigating the Void Content, Fiber Content, and Fiber Orientation of 3D Printed Recycled Carbon Fiber
Authors: Wang Peng Hao , Sterkenburg Ronald , Kim Garam , He Yu Wei
Published: May 2019

Composite materials continue to grow in popularity within the aerospace industry as the preferred material for manufacturing large airframe structures. However, the popularity of composite materials has also led to the increase in composite waste. As the popularity of composite materials continues to grow, the proper management and recycling of these composite waste materials becomes increasingly crucial to the sustainability of the environment. In order to investigate potential recycling techniques for composite waste, a team of Purdue University School of Aviation and Transportation Technology (SATT) faculty and students teamed up to investigate the characteristics of 3D printed recycled carbon fiber. A prototype 3D printed recycled carbon fiber part was used for the study. Through the use of microscopy and ImageJ image analyzing software, the researchers were able to determine the void content, fiber volume fraction, and fiber orientation of the prototype 3D printed recycled carbon fiber part and identified potential improvements to the 3D printing process in order to improve the 3D printed part’s characteristics.
Physical Properties and Microstructures of Ceramics Fabricated from Mae Moh Lignite Bottom Ash
Authors: Sooksaen Pat
Published: May 2019

Mae Moh lignite bottom ash was utilized as the main component in the fabrication of lightweight ceramic formulations. The amount of 50-80 wt.% bottom ash was successfully utilized to produce ceramics at sintering temperatures between 900 and 1200°C. Waste glass was used as a flux for the sintering process. Bottom ash was carefully sieved into three different particle sizes; small, medium and large. The different particle sizes were used in the ceramic fabrication to investigate for the densification behavior. Overall, porosity and water absorption of the fabricated ceramics decreased with increasing sintering temperature. Sintering at 1125°C resulted in the most densified ceramics which retained good physical appearance without sample distortion or melting.
Biofilm Formation of Respiratory Pathogens on Vanillin-Incorporated Denture Base Resin
Authors: Thaweboon Sroisiri , Thaweboon Boonyanit , Nakazawa Futoshi
Published: May 2019

The adherence of microorganisms to denture base materials and the consequent formation of biofilms on these surfaces are contributing factors to biofilm-related oral and systemic diseases. Aspiration pneumonia is a potentially life-threatening respiratory infection associated with the entry of foreign materials into the bronchi. Vanillin-incorporated polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin has been developed for the use in dentistry and demonstrated to have antimicrobial activity. Objective: To evaluate antimicrobial property of vanillin-incorporated PMMA denture base resin on biofilm formation of respiratory pathogens. Materials and methods: The heat polymerized PMMA denture base resin samples (Siam Cement Group, Thailand) were prepared according to the percentage of vanillin incorporation (0%, 0.1% and 0.5% vanillin). Another group of commercial resin samples without vanillin (Triplex®, Ivoclar Vivadent, USA) was prepared in the same manner. All samples were coated with sterile unstimulated saliva collected from three healthy adult volunteers at 37 °C for 60 min. The respiratory pathogenic bacteria used in this study were Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 5638, Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. They were prepared to a concentration of approximately 107 colony forming unit (CFU)/mL. The bacterial biofilm formation was done in 96-well plate and incubated at 37°C for 24-48 h. The amount of biofilm was quantified by Cell Counting Kit WST-8 (Dojindo Molecular Technologies, USA) at 420 nm. All tests were performed in triplicate on three separate occasions. One-way ANOVA and Turkey’s test were used for the statistical analysis. Results: The vanillin-incorporated resin groups (0.1% and 0.5% vanillin) had a significant reduction of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa biofilm mass compared with resins without vanillin (0% vanillin and commercial resin groups). No significant difference was observed in the S. pneumonia biofilm formation. Up to 80% and 33% reductions of biofilm mass were demonstrated on P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, respectively. Conclusion: The incorporation of vanillin to denture base PMMA resin could significantly inhibit biofilm formation of respiratory pathogens. Using this PMMA resin, denture base materials with antimicrobial property can be applied to reduce a risk of respiratory infection in denture wearing patients.
Effect of Adding Functionalized Graphene on the Performance of PVDF Membrane in Direct Contact Membrane Distillation
Authors: Salem Mohamed Sameh Abdalghany , El-Shazly Ahmed Hassan , El-Marghany Mohamed R. , Sabry Mohamed Nabil , Nady Norhan
Published: May 2019

In this paper, the effect of adding modified graphene nanoplatelets (MGNPs) as a filler on the characteristics and performance of Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane in a direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) configuration was investigated. Both pure PVDF and PVDF/MGNPs composite (2%) membranes were fabricated by using electrospinning technique. The fabricated membranes were characterized using different analyses techniques such as SEM imaging, XRD analysis, static water contact angle as well as membrane porosity and liquid enter pressure measurements. Also, the average fiber diameter and the average membrane pore diameter were estimated using ImageJ software. The prepared PVDF/MGNPs composite membrane exhibited lower fiber diameter by about 5.7%, whereas the contact angle increased by 10 and liquid entry pressure increased by 11.7%. The membrane also showed an enhanced flux that reached about 19.8 kg/m2∙h at feed inlet temperature of 65°C, feed flow rate of 30 l/h. and feed inlet concentration of 10000 ppm. This represents about 13.46% improvement over the pure PVDF membrane at the same conditions. The produced membrane presents a viable alternative to commercial MD membranes.
Thermal Efficiency of Domestic Cooking-Gas Burner Using Open-Cellular Porous Media in the Case of Varied Outlet Diameter of Mixing Tube
Authors: Krittacom Bundit , Sinjapo Suradech
Published: May 2019

The domestic cooking-gas burner consumed the highest amount of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) not over 5.78 kW ( 280 mmH2O) based on Thailand Industrial Standard (TIS 2312-2549) is modified by using the open-cellular porous media. The Nickel-Chrome (Ni-Cr) with pores per inch (PPI) of 8.5 and porosity (ε) of 0.92 is selected as porous media. To investigate the performance of a new cooking-gas porous burner, three outlet diameters of mixing tube (Dout) between primary air and LPG, i.e., 27, 35 and 43 mm., are examined. The temperatures at bottom vessel (TV) and water (TW) are monitored. The exhaust gas (CO and NOX) is also observed. Thermal efficiency (η) of three modified burners are estimated in accordance with TIS 2312-2549. From the experiment, the TV is increased with Dout leading to the boiling time (t) of TW for reaching to about 99°C (depend on TIS 2312-2549) in the case of Dout = 43 mm gives the fastest. The CO and NOX of all burners are not difference and are in relative low level: CO is in the range of 140 to 180 ppm and NOX is not over 70 ppm. The ηth is raised with increasing Dout in which yield as 47.53, 52.86 and 54.77% for Dout of 27, 35 and 43 mm., respectively.
Lightweight Geopolymer Concrete Containing Recycled Plastic Beads
Authors: Wongkvanklom Athika , Posi Patcharapol , Homwuttiwong Sahalaph , Sata Vanchai , Wongsa Ampol , Tanangteerapong Duangkanok , Chindaprasirt Prinya
Published: May 2019

Utilizing recycled plastic beads (RPB) as lightweight waste aggregates in the concrete and geopolymer application is quite attractive. This study presented the mechanical behavior, density, porosity, water absorption, abrasion resistance, thermal conductivity, and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) of geopolymer lightweight concrete containing RPB. River sand in each mixture was replaced by various proportions of RPB ranging between 0-100% by weight. Sodium hydroxide concentration of 15 M, activator solution to fly ash ratio (L/A) of 0.40, sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide ratio of 1.0, and aggregate to fly ash ratio of 1.0 were used throughout the experiment. The results indicated that the replacement of sand by 25% and 50% of RPB had a positive impact on the weight, density, water absorption, and thermal insulating property. The strength and density of the concretes met the minimum requirements of structural lightweight concrete according to ASTM C330.
Ladle Furnace Slag as a Sustainable Binder for Masonry Mortars
Authors: Chang Shih Yin , Chen Chao Shi , Tu Chia Huei , Tseng Ya Wen
Published: May 2019

Nowadays, the environmental aspect of industrial waste management has got urgent. The reusing of these residues in the civil building is increasing, since all industries have developed a growing concern for the emptying of natural resources. The ladle furnace slag (LDF-slag), a by-product of the secondary refining of steel, is mainly composed of calcium and calcium magnesium silicates. It has the potential to be a sustainable binder for mortars because the composition of LDF-slag is fairly similar to Portland cement (PC) clinker. Thus, this paper aims to improve the cementitious properties of LDF slag. The properties of cement mortars with LDF-slag were investigated including water demand of normal consistency, setting time and compressive strength. The experimental results show that the suitable specific surface area of LDF-slag is 1200 cm2/g (cement replacement amount is 20 wt%) and addition of LDF-slag with different fineness has retarding effect on cement.
Pervious Concrete with LLDPE Powder as Fine Aggregate
Authors: Prashanth Janardhan , Narayana Harish , Prasad Ramji
Published: May 2019

In this paper comparative study on the compressive strength and permeability of pervious concrete with and without fine aggregate is done. Sand and LLDPE (Linear low density polythene) with varying percentages are used as fine aggregates. Sand is added in percentages of 5%, 10% and 15% of the coarse aggregate in all the mixes. LLDPE powder is added in the percentage of 5%, 10% and 15% of the coarse aggregate in all the mixes. With the addition of fine aggregate the compressive strength of the pervious concrete increases but permeability reduces. The results show that the pervious concrete with LLDPE powder there is a considerable increase in compressive strength as compared to no-fines mix and mix with sand as fine aggregate. The study recommends the use of eco-friendly pervious concrete with LLDPE powder as an alternative to the existing pavements with low volume traffic.
Influence of Glass and Limestone Powders in High Calcium Fly Ash Geopolymer Paste on Compressive Strength and Microstructure
Authors: Topark-Ngarm Pattanapong , Tho-In Tawatchai , Sata Vanchai , Chindaprasirt Prinya , Cao Trinh
Published: May 2019

The effects of replacing high calcium fly ash with containment glass powder and limestone powder in the geopolymer are investigated in this paper. The high calcium fly ash was replaced by either glass powder or limestone powder at 20% and 40% by weight. The geopolymer paste was tested for setting time and compressive strength and evaluated of its microstructure on SEM, XRD, FTIR, and MIP. The results indicated that the setting time of geopolymer paste was increased with the replacement of glass powder and reduced by replacement of limestone powder. The compressive strengths were generally higher than those of controls. The maximum increase of compressive strength was 33% when replaced fly ash with 20% of glass powder at 8 molar NaOH concentration of sodium hydroxide solution. The microstructure evaluations show the remaining particles of raw materials and the compatible of hydration reaction and polymerization when having limestone powder in the mix proportion. Furthermore, the powder acts as a filler in the gels.
An Evaluation of Relationship with Polished Stone Value and Skid Resistance Value Based on a Laboratory Investigation
Authors: Pichayapan Preda , Chaleonpan Phittayoot , Jitsangiam Peerapong , Wongchana Pongsakorn
Published: May 2019

Aggregates which are the main component of asphalt concrete play a major role in loading transfer and skid resistant performance of asphalt concrete. Therefore, reduction in friction resistance of aggregate would lead to a decrease in overall skid resistance of asphalt concrete which is a commonly used road pavement surface material. This research aims to evaluate relationship of aggregate friction capacity through the polished stone value and asphalt concrete skid resistance. In this study, a series of polished stone value tests on the study aggregate of limestone and sandy mudstone and British pendulum tests for skid resistance value of polished hot mix asphalt (HMA) slab. An accelerated polishing machine was used to create reduction of skid resistance of HMA slabs. Test results showed that reduction of polished stone value (PSV) of limestone 47.6% leads to a decrease of skid resistance value (SRV) approximately 43.8% of HMA slabs. Furthermore, 14.5% reduction of PSV of sandy mudstone causes a decrease of 20.3% SRV of HMA slabs. Finally, a relationship linear regression between PSV of aggregates and SRV of HMA slab was established.
Utilization of Electric Arc Furnace Oxidizing Slag in Construction Materials
Authors: Hsieh Hsin-Han , Chen Chao Shi , Chang Shih Yin , Chang Shih Hsien
Published: May 2019

The electric arc furnace oxidizing slag (EOS) is the by-product produced in the steelmaking process. The amount of EOS production through the process is very large. If it is disposed in the environment, the exposed EOS may cause severe damage to the surrounding. The EOS has the potential of replacement for construction materials. However, a large amount of lime is added to the steelmaking process to release free calcium oxide (f-CaO). The calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH)2) which produced by calcium oxide hydration after a long time may cause material volume expansion which result in the disadvantage effects on volumetric stability. According to various experiments on volumetric stability in this study, the average content of the free calcium oxide in the fine EOS is 0.64% and the average content the free calcium oxide in the coarse EOS is extremely low. The test result is determined by the ethylene glycol method. The EOS is made into cement mortar bars (water:cement:EOS = 0.5:1:3), the results showed that the cement mortar bars cracked after autoclave expansion test. The volumetric stability of the EOS is unqualified.
Effect of Kevlar Hybridization on Dry Sliding Friction and Wear Behaviour of Bamboo/Epoxy Composites
Authors: Samanta Sutanu , Singh Thingujam Jackson
Published: May 2019

The present work aims to experimentally investigate the effect of Kevlar fiber hybridization on dry sliding friction and wear behaviour of bamboo fiber reinforced laminated epoxy composite. Monolithic bamboo laminated composite and different bamboo/Kevlar inter-ply laminated hybrid composites with variation in number of both the laminas were developed in house by hand layup technique. Pin-on-disc experiment was employed to determine its tribological performance. The wear mass loss, specific wear rate and co-efficient of friction of the developed composites, when slide against a rotating disc, were determined and analyzed. The wear mechanisms were studied from the microstructure. From the results, it is observed that, wear loss and co-efficient of friction values were increased with the increase in number of Kevlar laminas.
Application of Variational Asymptotic Micromechanical Method to Strength Analysis of Composite Materials
Authors: Kumar Dileep , Harursampath Dineshkumar
Published: May 2019

One of the most important features of a material to know before using it is the maximum limit of the load at which it fails. This paper presents a micromechanical strength theory to estimate the tensile strength of the unidirectional fiber reinforced composite. The fibers used can be considered transversely isotropic and elastic till failure, but the matrix material is considered to be Elastic-plastic. The mathematical formulation used is the Variational-Asymptotic Method (VAM), which is used to construct the asymptotically-correct a reduced-dimensional model that is free of a priori assumption regarding the kinematics. The 3-D strain generated in each constituent material is explicitly expressed in 1-D strains and initial curvatures. The advantage of using VAM is that the stress state correlation of constituent materials is taken care of while applying warping constraints. Prandtl-Reuss plasticity theory has been implemented for the plastic region constitutive relationship. The other advantage of this work is that the load-bearing capacity of the composite beyond the elastic region has been considered. Good agreement has been found between experimental data and VAM analysis.
International Recognition for the Journal of Agricultural Sciences – Sri Lanka
Authors: Mahaliyanaarachchi Rohana P.
Published: May 2019

No abstract available
Effect of Re-Using Vernalization Bulbs on Growth and Development of Lilies
Authors: Herlina Debora , Winarto Budi
Published: May 2019

Purpose: Selecting bulbs based on their quality as planting materials is a critical point in obtaining high qualified growth and development of lilies, however published reports in re-using bulbs on cultivation of lilies were still limited. Objective of the research was to reveal effect of re-using vernalization bulbs on growth and development of lily. The research was conducted in plastic house of Segunung Experimental Gerden, Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute. Research Method: Materials used in the study were lily bulbs harvested from the third cultivation period of Asiatic lily, Lilium ‘Delina’, L. ‘Liana’, L. longiflorum and L. ‘Renata’; two bulb sizes of them were grade A and B. The experiment was arranged in split plot design with three replications. Main plot was two bulb sizes of the grade A and B; while sub-plot was five lily varieties of Asiatic, Delina, Liana, Longiflorum and Renata. Findings: Results of the study revealed that re-utilizing lily bulbs harvested from third cultivation period still had high potential in obtaining better growth and development of lily both vegetatively and generatively. The such bulbs kept resulting in optimal growth performances in all lilies tested. Higher bulb sizes produced better lily performances vegetatively and generatively; grade A > grade B in the most varieables observed, while lily varieties indicated varied responses in all variables observed. The best variety of lily growth and preformances vegetatively was showed by Longiflorum, however better generative growth and performances was noted on Liana. While in interaction effect, grade A of Delina gave better results in initial influorescent formation after 71.3 days after culture with 102.3 days initial flower buds opened, 100% plants flowered, 3 flower buds per plant, 18.7 cm flower bud diameter and 45mm bulb diameter. The results of the study gave evidents that re-utilizing lily bulbs derived from third cultivation period still could be applied to produce better quality and quantity of lily flowers. Limitations: The limitations of the research are apparent to the fact that the research was only focused on re-utilization of lily bulbs harvested from third cultivation period. Originality/ Value: Results of the research can be used as important considerations for growers and farmers on producing maximal lily flower on fulfilling market and customer demand under re-utilization of lily bulbs.
Antigen Priming with Enantiospecific Cationic Lipid Nanoparticles Induces Potent Antitumor CTL Responses through Novel Induction of a Type I IFN Response
Authors: Gandhapudi Siva K. , Ward Martin , Bush John Peyton C. , Bedu-Addo Frank , Conn Greg , Woodward Jerold G.
Published: May 2019

Certain types of cationic lipids have shown promise in cancer immunotherapy, but their mechanism of action is poorly understood. In this study, we describe the properties of an immunotherapeutic consisting of the pure cationic lipid enantiomer R-1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethyl-ammonium-propane (R-DOTAP) formulated with modified viral or self-peptide Ags. R-DOTAP formulations with peptide Ags stimulate strong cross-presentation and potent CD8 T cell responses associated with a high frequency of polyfunctional CD8 T cells. In a human papillomavirus tumor model system, a single s.c. injection of tumor-bearing mice with R-DOTAP plus human papillomavirus Ags induces complete regression of large tumors associated with an influx of Ag-specific CD8 T cells and a reduction of the ratio of regulatory/Ag-specific CD8 T cells. R-DOTAP also synergizes with an anti-PD1 checkpoint inhibitor, resulting in a significant inhibition of B16 melanoma tumor growth. We found that R-DOTAP stimulates type I IFN production by dendritic cells in vivo and in vitro. s.c. injection of R-DOTAP results in an IFN-dependent increase in draining lymph node size and a concomitant increase in CD69 expression. Using knockout mice, we show that type I IFN is required for the induction of CD8 T cell activity following administration of R-DOTAP plus Ag. This response requires Myd88 but not TRIF or STING. We also show that R-DOTAP stimulates both TLR7 and 9. Collectively, these studies reveal that R-DOTAP stimulates endosomal TLRs, resulting in a Myd88-dependent production of type I IFN. When administered with Ag, this results in potent Ag-specific CD8 T cell responses and antitumor activity.
Information Asymmetry Meets Data Security: The Lemons Market for Smartphone Apps
Authors: Smith Margaret W.
Published: May 2019

This article examines the market for smartphone applications (commonly called “apps”) with the goal of assessing current information asymmetry about app security and consumer privacy. It also reviews signaling as a potential policy intervention designed to address information asymmetry. Given the rapid growth of the app market, comparisons can be drawn between the market for smartphone apps and a market for lemons, as commonly found in a developing economy that lacks structured quality-control mechanisms. Despite growing concern over personal data collection and how these data are used, traded, and/or sold, the public remains relatively uneducated about and either ignorant of or apathetic toward privacy concerns when downloading apps to their smartphones. Incorporating simple security cues—similar to the “star” scale used in consumer reviews—is one example of a signaling mechanism that could help address the information asymmetry in the app marketplace.This article first examines similarities between the smartphone app market and George A. Akerlof’s classic lemons market. The goal is to expose the lemons market for app security—to simplify the scenario, an app will either be secure or insecure. Regular consumers do not have full information and therefore make purchases without knowing if an app is secure or insecure. Next, the article investigates how average consumers make decisions about cybersecurity and whether addressing the information asymmetry in the app market will alter decision making. Finally, it suggests incorporating a simple, icon-based security signal to reduce the information asymmetry and discusses the potential impact of such a policy.
Case of a floating right atrial thrombus successfully treated with fibrinolysis
Authors: Bernard Chloé , Bouchot Olivier , Georges Marjolaine , Morgant Marie Catherine
Published: May 2019

Mobile right atrial thrombi are at high risk of causing massive pulmonary embolism and are a medical emergency. This type of thrombus is identified in about 4-18% of pulmonary embolism cases. The presence of a free-floating embolic mass in right atrial or ventricle is often mortal: the death rate can reach 27%. Although surgery is commonly indicated, fibrinolysis is a therapeutic alternative. Here, a 58-year-old man presented to the emergency department for acute dyspnea associated with a painful right leg. Initial exams showed a shunt effect on blood gases with increased brain natriuretic peptide. Transthoracic echography (TTE) found a free-floating thrombus in the right atrium with signs of pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular dysfunction. Bilateral pulmonary embolism was confirmed by computed tomography angiography. Because there were signs of acute cor pulmonale and no contraindications, treatment with systemic fibrinolysis was decided. The treatment was delivered in intensive care unit and a cardiac surgical team was available. Subsequent clinical improvement was observed. TTE follow up at 12 hours revealed complete thrombus dissolution. There were no complications, in particular no hemorrhage. The patient was discharged after eleven days. At 6 months of follow-up, outcomes with oral anticoagulation therapy were satisfactory. Scintigraphy found good symmetrical perfusion of both lungs with stackable ventilation. TTE at 1 year showed preserved left and right ventricular function with no sign of pulmonary arterial hypertension and no thrombus recurrence. Systemic fibrinolysis appears to be a good alternative to surgery in this case.