bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thoracic caudal epidural catheter localization using ultrasound guidance
Authors: Bachman Sarah A. , Taenzer Andreas H.
Published: December 2019

Caudal epidural catheters provide exceptional analgesia while avoiding or minimizing opioids. Historically, the catheter tip location (dermatomal level) was estimated or verified via epidurogram. According to the Pediatric Regional Anesthesia Database, the majority of caudal‐to‐thoracic epidural catheters are placed without imaging guidance or verification of the position of the catheter tip. Ponde et al demonstrated that catheter insertion depth was longer when using ultrasound guidance than when estimated by external measurement. We report a simple yet novel ultrasound approach for catheter localization.
Nurses’ activities and time management during home healthcare visits
Authors: Vaartio‐Rajalin Heli , Näsman Yvonne , Fagerström Lisbeth
Published: December 2019

Aim

To describe nurses’ activities and time management during HHC visits from the perspective of master’s‐level nursing students.

Background

The shift from community‐based hospitals to home‐based, person‐centred services for patients with a variety of acute or chronic health problems challenges nurses’ professional competence and time management during home healthcare visits.

Design and methods

A cross‐sectional study in accordance with STROBE guidelines. Observation sheets (n = 196) from two municipal home healthcare organisations were analysed with descriptive quantitative analysis.

Ethical issues and approval

While no external ethical committee evaluation was necessary for this quality improvement study, research ethical principles were followed.

Results

The nurses spent 50% of each eight‐hour shift on indirect patient contact activities and about 38% on direct patient contact activities. The majority of activities underlying the home visits could be linked to long‐term illnesses: medication (57%), blood samples (23%), wound care (17%) or measurement of blood pressure (14%). Patient education was offered during only 3.5% of visits.

Limitations

The accuracy of the students’ observations is related to their individual capacity to objectively and selectively observe.

Conclusions

There were a number of activities conducted for the patient, to promote continuous intra‐ and interprofessional patient care, but fewer nursing activities conducted with the patient. To ensure integrated, person‐centred, safe patient care, vital reforms are needed.

Relevance to clinical practice

The appropriate balance between indirect and direct patient contact activities should be discussed intra‐ and interprofessionally, delineated and made explicit in nurses’ work plans and nursing documentation, alongside discussions pertaining to relevant resource allocation.
Reproductive justice for the invisible infertile: A critical examination of reproductive surveillance and stratification
Authors: Barnes Liberty , Fledderjohann Jasmine
Published: December 2019

The ability to decide if, when, and how often to reproduce is a human right and a biomedical and sociopolitical goal. Infertility impinges upon this right by restricting the ability of individuals and couples to meet their reproductive desires. While biomedical interventions to address infertility have proliferated recently, their distribution has been inequitable; inequalities in rates of infertility, infertility‐specific distress, and access to reproductive healthcare to address infertility abound. Using a reproductive justice framework, and focusing on the United States, we examine the collection and utilization of the Integrated Fertility Survey Series, the inception and provisions of Title X, and the structural limitations of the private healthcare system. This analysis highlights systematic and linked exclusions of marginalized groups from reproductive health surveillance and the public and private provision of reproductive healthcare, including older, non‐white, working class, LGBTQ, geographically remote, less educated, HIV‐positive, institutionalized, and disabled individuals. Individuals who are excluded from infertility tracking, services, and treatment—the invisible infertile—are limited in their ability to realize their human right to reproductive health. Utilizing existing resources in public and private clinical spaces may be a useful starting point for addressing these disparities, but a broader commitment to equitable and inclusive surveillance and healthcare provision is also needed.
Understanding STEM‐focused elementary schools: Case study of Walter Bracken STEAM Academy
Authors: Peters‐Burton Erin E. , House Ann , Peters Vanessa , Remold Julie
Published: December 2019

Increasingly, STEM focused high schools are used prepare students for college STEM majors and launch them into STEM careers. Yet a new focus on STEM education at the elementary levels suggests that the importance of STEM education is much broader than a preparation for workforce needs in high school or college. This paper describes a case study designed to articulate the mission and design of an effective and nationally recognized STEM‐focused elementary school. As described through the six most impactful components of STEM‐focused elementary school design at Walter Bracken STEAM Academy, the case study emphasizes the school's strong and inclusive school leadership, with staff organized into grade level groups empowered to innovate and honing their teaching practices. External partnerships are leveraged to broaden student learning opportunities. Students at Bracken engage in active learning opportunities and multidisciplinary lessons where STEM is used as a way of thinking and as a way to coherently combine content into active learning opportunities that are engaging for learners. By organizing the structural components of an exemplary STEM‐focused elementary school, we hope to deliver actionable reforms for elementary schools wanting to increase their STEM‐focused offerings.
Representing scientific activity: Affordances and constraints of central design and enactment features of a model‐based inquiry unit
Authors: Campbell Todd , Gray Ron , Fazio Xavier
Published: December 2019

This research explores how explaining an anchoring phenomena and engaging students in investigations, as central designs of a model‐based inquiry (MBI) unit, afforded or constrained the representation of scientific activity in the science classroom. This research is considered timely as recent standards documents and scholars in the field have highlighted the significance of identifying what features of scientific activity are important and how these can be represented for students in classrooms. Through taking advantage of qualitative research methods to closely examine the enactment of an MBI unit, both affordances and constraints were identified for each design. More specifically, explaining an anchoring phenomenon provided a context for more authentically framing the work of students, while investigations afforded students insight into the role these play in the refinement of models. Further, the teacher's attempts to support student reasoning and, at times, reasoning for students when they were found struggling were the most salient constraints identified connected to explaining an anchoring phenomenon and engaging students in investigations.
Active role of elongation factor G in maintaining the mRNA reading frame during translation
Authors: Peng Bee-Zen , Bock Lars V. , Belardinelli Riccardo , Peske Frank , Grubmüller Helmut , Rodnina Marina V.
Published: December 2019

This study shows how elongation factor G helps to maintain the mRNA reading frame during protein synthesis on the ribosome.
Fidelity of translation initiation is required for coordinated respiratory complex assembly
Authors: Rudler Danielle L. , Hughes Laetitia A. , Perks Kara L. , Richman Tara R. , Kuznetsova Irina , Ermer Judith A. , Abudulai Laila N. , Shearwood Anne-Marie J. , Viola Helena M. , Hool Livia C. , Siira Stefan J. , Rackham Oliver , Filipovska Aleksandra
Published: December 2019

The initiation of mitochondrial protein synthesis fine-tunes the assembly of respiratory complexes and energy production.
Allelic H3K27me3 to allelic DNA methylation switch maintains noncanonical imprinting in extraembryonic cells
Authors: Chen Zhiyuan , Yin Qiangzong , Inoue Azusa , Zhang Chunxia , Zhang Yi
Published: December 2019

Maternal H3K27me3–mediated imprinting switches to allelic DNA methylation to maintain imprinted expression in extraembryonic cells.
Self-assembly of highly sensitive 3D magnetic field vector angular encoders
Authors: Becker Christian , Karnaushenko Daniil , Kang Tong , Karnaushenko Dmitriy D. , Faghih Maryam , Mirhajivarzaneh Alaleh , Schmidt Oliver G.
Published: December 2019

3D self-assembly advances parallel wafer-scale manufacturing of vector field devices such as 3D magnetic field angular encoders.
Positron interactions with nitrogen and oxygen molecules: elastic, inelastic and total cross sections
Authors: Ellis-Gibbings Lilian , Blanco Francisco , García Gustavo
Published: December 2019

Positron scattering cross sections, used for modelling particle transport in various media, are difficult to gather experimentally. As such, various cross section calculation methods have been developed to varying accuracy. The IAM-SCAR+I method has been improved upon recently to fulfil the optical theorem and the results for two important simple molecules, N2 and O2, are presented here. These results are compared to literature and our findings are comparable in most impact energy ranges.

Graphical abstract
Application of Kriging Algorithm Based on ACFPSO in Geomagnetic Data Interpolation
Authors: Zhou Zhijian , Zhang Meng , Wang Yanzhang , Wang Chao , Ma Ming
Published: December 2019

High‐precision geomagnetic field model is the key to magnetic anomaly detection and localization technology. The model is usually constructed through Kriging interpolation. Aiming at the problem of insufficient fitting of variogram in the existing Kriging interpolation methods, this paper proposes a particle swarm optimization algorithm with an adaptive compression factor (ACFPSO). The algorithm utilizes the degree of particle aggregation and the number of iterations to dynamically change the compression factor so as to achieve an effective balance between global optimization and local exploration. The cross‐validation results show that the ACFPSO algorithm has the same convergence speed as the conventional particle swarm optimization algorithm, but the convergence accuracy is higher. Compared with the commonly used high‐efficiency interpolation methods, such as the plain Kriging, the inverse distance weighting, and the radial basis function, the ACFPSO‐optimized Kriging method achieves better performance (the mean absolute error is around 0.3 nT).
Induction of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway by Green Tea Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) in Colorectal Cancer Cells: Activation of PERK/p-eIF2α/ATF4 and IRE1α
Authors: Md Nesran Zarith Nameyrra , Shafie Nurul Husna , Ishak Amirah Haziyah , Mohd Esa Norhaizan , Ismail Amin , Md Tohid Siti Farah
Published: December 2019

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant bioactive polyphenolic compound among the green tea constituents and has been identified as a potential anticancer agent in colorectal cancer (CRC) studies. This study was aimed to determine the mechanism of actions of EGCG when targeting the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway in CRC. The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay was performed on HT-29 cell line and normal cell line (3T3) to determine the EGCG toxicity. Next, western blot was done to observe the expression of the related proteins for the ER stress pathway. The Caspase 3/7 assay was performed to determine the apoptosis induced by EGCG. The results demonstrated that EGCG treatment was toxic to the HT-29 cell line. EGCG induced ER stress in HT-29 by upregulating immunoglobulin-binding (BiP), PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha subunit (eIF2α), activating transcription 4 (ATF4), and inositol-requiring kinase 1 alpha (IRE1α). Apoptosis was induced in HT-29 cells after the EGCG treatment, as shown by the Caspase 3/7 activity. This study indicates that green tea EGCG has the potential to inhibit colorectal cancer cells through the induction of ER stress.
Contaminant Delineation of a Landfill Site Using Electrical Resistivity and Induced Polarization Methods in Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Mepaiyeda S. , Madi K. , Gwavava O. , Baiyegunhi C. , Sigabi L.
Published: December 2019

A combination of electrical resistivity and induced polarization methods were applied to a solid waste landfill in Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa to delineate the lithologic layers and locate possible leachate plumes. Resistivity and IP data were collected along six profiles; VES on two and the dipole-dipole configuration was used in the rest four. The result shows a 4-layered earth system with a shallow depth to the top of the bedrock (<10 m). Contaminants ranging from unsaturated waste with high ion content to dense aqueous phase liquid contaminants, characterized by low resistivity (34–80 Ohm-m) and low chargeability values (0.05–5.75 ms). The contamination was interpreted based on resistivity/IP anomalies considering the background geology. The shallow bedrock indicated a low risk to groundwater contamination because of its competent nature from its geology, and characteristic high resistivity values (≥1000 Ohm-m). However, the steep nature of the landfill terrain due to its location at the foot of a vertical slope favours the rapid migration of the contaminants into the immediate vicinity of the landfill. The construction of containment structures such as waste cells will help in enhancing effective waste management practices in the landfill.
Application of the JAYA Algorithm in Solving the Problem of the Optimal Coordination of Overcurrent Relays in Single‐ and Multi‐Loop Distribution Systems
Authors: Wadood Abdul , Farkoush Saeid Gholami , Khurshaid Tahir , Yu Jiang-Tao , Kim Chang-Hwan , Rhee Sang-Bong
Published: December 2019

To ensure a safe and trustworthy pattern in contradiction to the possible faults, a precise, reliable, and fast relaying strategy is of high importance in an electrical power system. These challenges give the impression of being more refined in multi‐loop distribution systems. More recently, overcurrent relays (OCRs) have evolved as proficient counteragents for such cases. In this way, inaugurating an optimal protection coordination strategy is accepted as the primary precondition in guaranteeing the safe protection of the coordination strategy. This study is aimed at lessening the overall operational time of the main relays in order to reduce the power outages. The coordination problem is conducted by adjusting only one parameter, namely the time multiplier setting (TMS). In electrical power relaying coordination, the objective function to be minimized is the sum of the overall operational time of the main relays. In the prescribed work, the coordination of the OCRs in the single‐ and multi‐loop distribution network is realized as an optimization issue. The optimization is accomplished by means of JAYA algorithm. The suggested technique depends on the idea that the result acquired for a certain issue ought to pass near the finest result and avert the worst result. This technique involves only the common control factors and does not involve specific control factors. JAYA is adopted to OCR problem and run 20 times with the same initial condition for each case study, and it has been realized that for every run, the JAYA algorithm converges to the global optimum values requiring less number of iterations and computational time. The results obtained from JAYA algorithm are compared with other evolutionary and up‐to‐date algorithms, and it was determined that JAYA outperforms the other techniques.
Failure Analysis of the Pin Bore of the Combined Piston for the Aero Engine
Authors: Pan Zhongjian , Guo Lei
Published: December 2019

The combined piston can be used in an aero piston heavy fuel engine because of its light weight, so as to reduce the reciprocating inertia force and improve the engine power-weight ratio. However, the pin bore of the combined piston is prone to deform leading to the failure of the piston. Based on the structure of the piston, the stress of the piston under thermomechanical coupling is analyzed, the temperature field of the piston is determined by experiments, and the deformation rule of the piston pin bore under the thermomechanical coupling is summarized. A design scheme is proposed to change the position of the thread connection between the piston crown and the piston head. Under the same conditions, the deformation of the piston pin bore of the original scheme and the new scheme is analyzed. The results show that together with the changing of the connection thread between the piston crown and the piston head, the deformation of the piston pin bore decreases by 60 μm and the deformation of the piston pin bore is controlled. The test results show that the deformation of the pin bore is within the acceptable range, which proves the effectiveness of the improved scheme.
A New Global Stable Conclusion on a Diffusive Leslie-Gower Predator-Prey System with Additive Allee Effect
Authors: Yang Liu
Published: December 2019

In this work, a diffusive Leslie-Gower predator-prey model with additive Allee effect on prey under a homogeneous Neumann boundary condition is reconsidered. We establish new sufficient conditions for the global stability of the unique positive equilibrium point of the system by using the comparison method rather than the Lyapunov function method. It is shown that our result supplements and complements one of the main results of Yang and Zhong, 2015. Furthermore, numerical simulations are performed to consolidate the analytic finding.
Aqueous Humor Cytokine Levels in Diabetic Macular Edema Patients with Cotton-Wool Spots
Authors: Park Young-Gun , Jee Donghyun , Kwon Jin-woo
Published: December 2019

Purpose. To determine the characteristics of diabetic macular edema (DME) patients with cotton-wool spots (CWS). Methods. We classified 80 treatment-naïve DME patients according to whether or not they had CWS involving macula and then compared the concentrations of interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, placental growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 in the aqueous humor between the groups, as well as optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings, baseline characteristics, and intravitreal bevacizumab responsiveness. Results. Aqueous levels of ICAM-1 and VEGF in the group with CWS were significantly higher than those in the non-CWS (control) group (p<0.001 and p=0.006, respectively). In multiple logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with CWS, the aqueous ICAM-1 (≥0.36 ng/mL) was significantly associated with CWS (odds ratio=13.26, p<0.001). Based on OCT, ellipsoid zone (EZ) disruption distribution was significantly different between the two groups (p=0.038). Regarding responsiveness to treatment, although there was no significant difference in central subfield thickness between the two groups after treatments, the best-corrected visual acuity was worse in the group with CWS. Conclusions. The presence of CWS was accompanied by higher levels of aqueous ICAM-1. Based on OCT, EZ disruption was greater in DME patients with CWS, and their short-term visual prognosis was poorer.
Kinematic Validation of Postural Sway Measured by Biodex Biosway (Force Plate) and SWAY Balance (Accelerometer) Technology
Authors: Dewan Birendra M. , Roger James C. , Kumar Neeraj A. , Sawyer Steven F.
Published: December 2019

Background. The Biodex Biosway® Balance System and SWAY Balance® Mobile smartphone application (SBMA) are portable instruments that assess balance function with force plate and accelerometer technology, respectively. The validity of these indirect clinical measures of postural sway merits investigation. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to investigate the concurrent validity of standing postural sway measurements by using the portable Biosway and SBMA systems with kinematic measurements of the whole body Center of Mass (COM) derived from a gold-standard reference, a motion capture system. Study Design. Cross-sectional; repeated measures. Methods. Forty healthy young adults (21 female, 19 male) participated in this study. Participants performed 10 standing balance tasks that included combinations of standing on one or two legs, with eyes open or closed, on a firm surface or foam surface and voluntary rhythmic sway. Postural sway was measured simultaneously from SBMA, Biosway, and the motion capture system. The linear relationships between the measurements were analyzed. Results. Significant correlations were found between Biosway and COM velocity for both progressively challenging single and double leg stances (τb = 0.3 to 0.5, p<0.01 to <0.0001). SBMA scores and COM velocity were significantly correlated only for single leg stances (τb = −0.5 to −0.6, p<0.0001). SBMA scores had near-maximal values with zero to near-zero variance in double leg stances, indicating a ceiling effect. Conclusion. The force plate-based Biodex Biosway is valid for assessing standing postural sway for a wide range of test conditions and challenges to standing balance, whereas an accelerometer-based SWAY Balance smartphone application is valid for assessing postural sway in progressively challenging single leg stance but is not sensitive enough to detect lower-magnitude postural sway changes in progressively challenging double leg stances.
Comentario Editorial
Authors: Ortúzar E. Ramón
Published: December 2019

Sin resumen.
Temas Médico-Morales, Consideraciones sobre el caso Incurable
Authors: Valdivieso D. Andrés
Published: December 2019

Sin resumen.
Insuficiencia Renal Aguda
Authors: Valdivieso D. Andrés
Published: December 2019

Sin resumen.
Esplectomía e infección
Authors: Mezzano A. Diego
Published: December 2019

Sin resumen
Tormenta Tiroidea
Authors: Rodríguez P. José Adolfo
Published: December 2019

Sin resumen.
Reuniones de los Residentes de Medicina, Metabolismo de los Lípidos en la Cirrosis Hepática
Authors: Ide C. Alejandro
Published: December 2019

Sin resumen.
Mecanismos de Defensa del Huesped Contra la Infección
Authors: Montiel A. Francisco
Published: December 2019

Sin resumen.
Normas Generales Sobre el uso de Antibióticos
Authors: Acuña L. Guillermo
Published: December 2019

Sin resumen.
Aspectos Clínicos y Bacteriológicos en Infecciones Producidas por Anaerobios
Authors: Lobos M. Teresa
Published: December 2019

Sin resumen.
V JORNADA DE INVESTIGACIÓN 2017 DIVISIÓN DE PEDIATRÍA
Authors: Católica de Chile Pontificia Universidad
Published: December 2019

Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Jueves 30 de Marzo 2017, Aula Magna Manuel José Irarrázaval.
El Desafío de envejecer: Una mirada desde la neurociencia
Authors: Von Bernhardi Rommy
Published: December 2019

Cada persona debería poder vivir una vida larga y saludable. Sin embargo, nuestro entorno es muy influyente y puede favorecer o perjudicar la salud; como la exposición a riesgos (ej. contaminación, tóxicos, violencia), o el acceso a salud y servicios sociales. Promover un envejecimiento exitoso requiere tener un entorno y oportunidades que permitan a la persona ser y hacer lo que valora a lo largo de su vida. Estar libre de enfermedad no es un requisito para un envejecimiento exitoso; muchos adultos mayores tienen enfermedades que, estando bien controladas, solo tienen una influencia modesta sobre su bienestar.
Fichas clínicas simuladas en kinesiología
Authors: Contreras Briceño Felipe Andrés , Rojas Muñoz Cynthia Teresa , Passalacqua Rubio Jaime , García Valdés Patricio , Espinosa Ramírez Maximiliano , López Fuenzalida Antonio , Fuentes Cimma Javiera , Gabrielli Nervi Luigi Arnaldo
Published: December 2019

Introducción: la normativa actual de docencia clínica regula el desarrollo de actividades curriculares disminuyendo el tiempo de contacto estudiante-paciente, requiriendo entre otras destrezas del estudiante la lectura eficiente de información clínica. La simulación permite desarrollar competencias clínicas en los estudiantes de ciencias de la salud. El objetivo de este estudio es describir la experiencia de talleres de fichas clínicas simuladas (FCS) en estudiantes curriculares y reportar indicadores de logro de objetivos de aprendizaje relacionados al reconocimiento de las partes de la ficha clínica e identificación y extracción de información relevante.  Metodología: en una asignatura de carácter mínimo previo al encuentro de estudiantes con pacientes reales, se desarrollaron cuatro talleres de FCS en grupo pequeño. Un académico guió la actividad consistente en responder cuestionarios de ubicación de información presente en las FCS. Al finalizar la asignatura, se evaluó la percepción de la didáctica educativa y logro de objetivos de aprendizaje en tutores clínicos y estudiantes mediante encuesta. Resultados: los estudiantes reportaron alta satisfacción con la metodología, facilidad para extraer información relevante y mayor tiempo de contacto clínico con pacientes reales. Los tutores clínicos informaron que los estudiantes logran reconocer las partes de la ficha clínica. Ambos consideran que el tiempo ideal para lectura de ficha clínica es de 10 a 20 minutos.Conclusión: la incorporación de talleres de fichas clínicas simuladas desarrolló habilidades clínicas de reconocimiento de las partes que componen la ficha clínica, optimizando el tiempo necesario para identificar y extraer información relevante a diferentes escenarios clínicos.
A New Approach Is Needed to Evaluate 24‐Hour Urinary Sodium Excretion Using Spot Urines: A Validation Study in a Chinese Child Population
Authors: Peng Yaguang , Zhang Ying , Li Kun , Liu Lili , Zhang Shuhua , Peng Xiaoxia
Published: December 2019

Background

Accurate assessments of sodium intake in children are important for the early prevention of cardiovascular disease. There is currently no accurate simple and feasible sodium intake approach for children. This study intends to validate the accuracy of 24‐hour urinary sodium excretion (
UN
aV) estimation in children using 3 common formulas: the Kawasaki,
INTERSALT
(International Cooperative Study on Salt, Other Factors, and Blood Pressure), and Tanaka formulas.

Methods and Results

A hospital‐based child population in China was enrolled in the study and completed 24‐hour urine sample collection. Concentrations of sodium, potassium, and creatinine in 24‐hour urine and spot urine samples were measured. Mean difference as well as absolute and relative differences and misclassification between estimation and measurement of
UN
aV with 3 commonly used formulas were compared and analyzed. A total of 129 participants aged 5 to 16 years were eligible for analysis. Mean measured
UN
aV was 2694.9 mg/day. Mean differences between estimated and measured
UN
aV by the Kawasaki,
INTERSALT
, and Tanaka formulas were 2367.6, 26.4, and 258.8 mg/day, respectively. Proportions of relative differences of over 40% for the Kawasaki,
INTERSALT
, and Tanaka formulas were 79.8%, 34.9%, and 38.5%, respectively. Misclassification rates were 73.1% for Kawasaki, 69.0% for
INTERSALT
, and 62.4% for Tanaka at the individual level.

Conclusions

The results from our study do not support estimation of
UN
aV for children by the Kawasaki,
INTERSALT
, and Tanaka formulas using single spot urine samples because of the potential risk for misclassification at the individual level.
BİLGİ EKONOMİSİNİN EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ: BRICS ÜLKELERİ VE TÜRKİYE İÇİN BİR ANALİZ
Authors: ERÇAKAR Mehmet Emin , ÇOLAKOĞLU Hilmi
Published: December 2019

Günümüzdeki gelişmiş ülkelerin
birçoğu kalkınma süreçlerinde bilgi, yenilik ve teknolojiden faydalanarak bu
süreci önemli ölçüde kısaltmış ve kolaylaştırmıştır. Gelişmiş ülkelerin bu
tecrübesi ve bilgi ekonomisi unsurlarının özellikle günümüzde hızla gelişmesi nedeniyle
bilgi ekonomisi kavramı, ekonomilerini büyütmek ve refah artışı sağlamak
isteyen özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerin en fazla üzerinde durdukları
konulardan biri haline gelmiştir. Bu sebeple BRICS ülkeleri ile Türkiye
1995-2017 dönemi için kişi başı gayri safi yurtiçi hasıla, internet kullanım
oranı, eğitim endeksi ve patent başvuru sayısı değişkenleri kullanılarak panel
veri analizi tekniği ile analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre bilgi
ekonomisinin üç farklı boyutunu temsil eden bağımsız değişkenler, ekonomik
büyümeyi farklı oranlarda ve pozitif yönde etkilemektedir. Bu sonuçlar neticesinde
bilgi ekonomisinin ekonomik büyümenin ve refah artışının sağlanması konusunda
önemli bir unsur olduğu söylenebilmektedir.
TÜRKİYE’DE ENFLASYON, DÖVİZ KURU VE DIŞ TİCARET DENGESİ İLİŞKİSİNİN VAR MODELİ İLE ANALİZİ
Authors: ÖZER Hüseyin , KUTLU Muhammet
Published: December 2019

Bu
çalışmada döviz kuru, enflasyon ve dış ticaret dengesi arasındaki ilişki
incelenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda reel döviz kuru, TÜFE ve ihracatın ithalatı
karşılama oranı değişkenlerine ait 2003M1-2019M1 dönemi aylık veriler
kullanılarak VAR modeli oluşturulmuştur. Granger nedensellik testi, varyans
ayrıştırma ve etki tepki fonksiyonlarından elde edilen bulgular yorumlanmıştır.
Bulgulardan hareketle dış ticaret dengesinin ve enflasyonun, reel döviz
kurundaki değişmelerden etkilendiği buna karşın reel döviz kurunun enflasyon ve
dış ticaret dengesi değişiklikleri ile ilişkili olmadığı tespit edilmiştir.
Enflasyon ve dış ticaret dengesi arasında anlamlı olarak ifade edilebilecek
herhangi bir etkileşime rastlanmamıştır.
ORTA GELİR TUZAĞI HİPOTEZİ’NİN PANEL BİRİM KÖK TESTİ İLE ANALİZİ
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Zafer , TAY BAYRAMOĞLU Arzu
Published: December 2019

Bu çalışmada Dünya Bankası’nın
sınıflandırmasına göre yüksek-orta gelirli ülke grubundan seçilen 8 ülke için (Azerbaycan,
Bulgaristan, Belarus, Kazakistan, Makedonya, Romanya, Rusya ve Türkiye) Orta
Gelir Tuzağı Hipotezi test edilmiştir. 1990-2016 dönemini kapsayan çalışmada ilk
olarak Woo (2012) tarafından geliştirilen Yakalama Endeksi Yaklaşımı’na göre
ülkelerin kişi başına düşen gelirlerinin (Satın Alma Gücü Paritesi Yaklaşımına
göre) ABD kişi başına düşen gelirine olan oranı hesaplanmıştır. Oluşturulan bu
yakalama endeksi verisinin durağanlık analizi ise Carrion-i-Silvestre vd.
(2005) tarafından geliştirilen yapısal kırılmalı panel birim kök testi ile yapılmıştır.
Panel birim kök testi sonuçlarına göre ülkelere ait yakalama endeksi serileri
durağan çıkmamış ve analiz kapsamındaki ülkelerin orta gelir tuzağında
olmadıkları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
The Admissibility of Evidence Obtained through Human Rights Violations in Ghana: Analysing Cubagee v Asare and Others (NO. J6/04/2017) [2018] GHASC 14 (28 February 2018)
Authors: Mujuzi Jamil Ddamulira
Published: December 2019

The Constitution of Ghana, unlike those of other African countries such as Zimbabwe, Kenya, and South Africa is silent on the issue of the admissibility of evidence obtained through human rights violations. Jurisprudence from Ghana demonstrates that although there had been cases in which the High Court and the Court of Appeal briefly dealt with this type of evidence, the Supreme Court, the highest court in Ghana, had not expressed an opinion on this issue until recently. In February 2018, in the case of Cubagee v Asare and Others, the Supreme Court laid down the criteria that Ghanaian courts have to use in determining the admissibility of evidence obtained through human rights violations. In this article, the author argues that much as this is an important decision, the Supreme Court left some issues unresolved and there is still room for improvement.
Glosse d’epoca paleologa alle odi di Pindaro. Due casi di studio: Pyth. I–IV e Ol. XII
Authors: Giannachi Francesco G.
Published: December 2019

The paper deals with the linguistic typology and the manuscript tradition of the interlinear glosses to the Pindaric victory odes, and demonstrates that some glosses to Pindar’s Pythian odes (1–4) can be ascribed to Magister.
A Byzantine Comprehensive Textbook: Moschopoulos’ Περὶ σχεδῶν
Authors: Nousia Fevronia
Published: December 2019

Manuel Moschopoulos’ Peri schedon, one of the most popular grammatical manuals in Byzantium and beyond, represents a comprehensive textbook composed with a broader scope in mind, namely to cover not only the teaching of grammar but also poetry and rhetoric.
Spettacoli tardoantichi: documenti noti e recenti
Authors: Tedeschi Gennaro
Published: December 2019

The paper combines the rich information on the different forms of theatre in Late Antiquity, collecting it from Byzantine literary texts, papyri and contemporary archaeological sources. The author pays particular attention to the religious and social context in which traditional forms of theatre, such as tragedy and comedy, and new forms of entertaining shows, such as mime and pantomime, have developed.
From the “Russian Spring” to the Armed Insurrection: Russia, Ukraine and Political Communities in the Donbas and Southern Ukraine
Authors: Melnyk Oleksandr
Published: December 2019

The article is a study of anti-government mobilization in the cities of southern and eastern Ukraine in spring 2014. By closely examining the developments that preceded the outbreak of the armed insurrection in the Donbas, the study seeks to elucidate the various factors that precipitated the veritable collapse of the Ukrainian state in parts of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions and its stabilization elsewhere. The article argues that the armed conflict in the Donbas was hardly a predetermined outcome of the Russian government strategy—which was employed also outside the Donbas—but rather a product of a synergetic confluence of several structural and conjunctural factors that were absent or present to a much smaller degree elsewhere. These included the peculiar political and ethno-cultural profile of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts; a higher degree of the legitimacy crisis of the interim government; the destabilizing effects of the status quo created by the victory of the Euromaidan—not only in terms of the change of Ukraine’s geopolitical orientation and Russia’s apparently compromised interests, but also in terms of the perceived change of status of different ethno-political communities; the proximity of the Russian border, trans-border ethnic politics, and the activities of nationalist groups from Russia; the residual influence of the once-powerful networks associated with clients of the former president Viktor Yanukovych; the relative weakness of organized pro-Ukrainian groups; and last but not least, the incremental collapse of the law enforcement apparatus, which drastically reduced the capacity of Ukrainian authorities.
Concessionnaires et sous-traitants : Les intermédiaires chinois dans l’organisation du travail immigré en Malaisie, du début du XVIIIe au début du XXe siècle
Authors: Guerassimoff Éric
Published: December 2019

Les formes de rémunération du travail immigré chinois dans le monde colonial sont très diversifiées. Elles ne peuvent être réduites à celles de l’indentured labor. Cette contribution se propose de mettre en lumière quelques-unes de ces formes, en étudiant une organisation qui combine travail à forfait et salariat, rémunération à la pièce et au rendement. Elle émerge au Sud de la Malaysia actuelle, dans l’archipel de Riau, au début du XVIIIe s., puis se déplace vers le Nord et connait une forme d’institutionnalisation lorsqu’elle atteint le Johor, au milieu du siècle suivant, avant de disparaître en 1919. Un entrepreneur, appelé le kangchu, presque toujours chinois, intermédiaire entre le travail et ses financiers chinois à Singapour ainsi qu’entre les cultivateurs et la tutelle administrative malaise, est la cheville ouvrière d’une organisation de la production agricole dont il garantit une forme de fluidité, idéale aux yeux de ses compatriotes immigrés, venus dans la région dans le but de repartir au pays le plus vite possible.
The Umma in Italy: Eurocentric Pluralism, Local Legislation, Courts’ Decisions. How to Make the Right to Worship Real
Authors: Anello Giancarlo
Published: December 2019

The article describes the making of the right of worship of Muslim minorities in Europe and its current difficulties, presenting and commenting on the emblematic example of local legislation concerning the building of new mosques in northern Italy. Controlling norms arise from recent decisions of the Italian Constitutional Court. The Court declared unconstitutional certain provisions of two regional laws approved by the Lombardy region (2/2015) and the Veneto region (12/2016), which imposed very strict conditions for the opening, approval and use of mosques. In particular, the Court declared unconstitutional norms that—with regard to the building of places of worship—introduced certain conditions for groups with an agreement with the State and different conditions for those without. Moreover, the Court declared unconstitutional the principle that all religious services that take place in a building open to public should be conducted in Italian. The basic assumption of the article is that current discrimination is the combined result of anti-migration sentiment and Islamophobic prejudices, and the consequence of the Eurocentric nature of the principle of religious freedom. A historically-oriented pluralism and multilevel (national) enforcement of freedom of religion seem to be huge obstacles to the implementation of the right to worship for Muslims in Europe and Italy.
Local and Non-local Doctoral Students in Hong Kong: Do Stressors Differ with Students’ Origins?
Authors: Jung Jisun
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study is to explore whether local and non-local doctoral students in Hong Kong perceive their competency, supervisory style and institutional environment differently, and how these perceptions influence their stress levels. Two research questions are identified: Are there differences in the perceived competency and learning experiences of local and non-local doctoral students in Hong Kong? What are the factors resulting in doctoral students’ stress, and how do these differ with students’ origins? This study used survey data from the Comparative Study of Doctoral Education in Asian Flagship Universities. An analysis of 482 responses was conducted and analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple regressions were applied. The results show that non-local students (international students and those from the mainland) had higher levels of confidence in their competency and were more satisfied with their supervisors and institutional environments than local students. The regression analysis showed that factors influencing stress were different for local and non-local students. For example, perceived competency and an authoritarian supervisory style led to stress in Hong Kong local students, while they were less stressed in a supportive institutional environment. Perceived competency and a research- and resource-oriented culture led to stress in doctoral students from the mainland, but this was reduced when they felt that their relationship with their supervisor was more professional. International students were stressed due to the dissertation requirements and collegial supervisory style, but they felt less stressed if the culture was more autonomous. This study reveals implications for how the demands and expectations of local and non-local doctoral students should be considered differently, and it highlights the importance of encouraging mutually engaging learning experiences across students’ origins and making their learning communities meaningful.
Advisor Selection, Advisor-Advisee Relationship, and Perceived Stress among Korean and US Doctoral Students
Authors: Kim Eunyoung , Kim Seung Jung
Published: December 2019

In recent decades a prolific amount of research has been conducted into the topic of students’ relationships with supervising professors as key to doctoral experiences and success. Across different education systems, positive relationships between doctoral students and their advisors have been strongly associated with socialization into their departments and disciplines, as well as overall satisfaction with doctoral programs. While faculty-student relationship has been widely studied as one of the most important factors affecting student satisfaction and attrition, little is known about how the choice of advisor and how advisor-student relationships are related to stress. Data was collected by administrating a survey of students enrolled in doctoral programs from a public, research-intensive university in the Midwest of the United States and a public, research-oriented institution in South Korea. The findings indicate that US students were generally more positive about the advisor-advisee relationship than Korean students and both Korean and US doctoral students’ concerns were largely related to post-graduation options.
“Mubārakshāh the Logician”
Authors: El-Rouayheb Khaled
Published: December 2019

A scholar known as “Mubārakshāh” features in sources from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries as a teacher of a number of prominent early Ottoman scholars, and of the influential Persian scholar al-Sayyid al-Sharīf al-Jurjānī (d. 816/1413). According to these sources, Mubārakshāh taught in Cairo in the mid- to late fourteenth century. Yet, despite the large number of Mamluk historical works covering this period, the precise identity of this scholar has so far proven elusive. The present article reviews the evidence and makes an identification that, though circumstantial, may be more satisfying than those that have been offered so far. It suggests that “Mubārakshāh” was a nickname, and that he can plausibly be identified with Maḥmūd b. Quṭlūshāh al-Sarāʾī, who taught in Cairo from 1358 until his death in 1373.
Videography as Refrain
Authors: Giorza Theresa
Published: December 2019

A public park adjacent to an inner-city preschool invites children and their teacher into new encounters with the world, literacy and themselves. The park and preschool are situated in the inner-city of Johannesburg, South Africa. In this article, the researcher performs as mutated-modest-witness of events that unfold in lively materialdiscursive encounters between children, grass, friendship, a pen, cement table, sand, sticks, the alphabet and daylight. The agential realism of Karen Barad and the nomadic thinking of Deleuze and Guattari offer ways of re-imagining ‘the child in the park’. Diffracting with repeated viewings of video clips the researcher finds that forward and reverse movement and stops in different moments throughout repeated viewings of the same video footage produces different and new ‘stories’ about the events and the children involved. Conceptions of ‘child’ as literacy learner and of researcher-as-writer mutate through this diffraction which instantiates a non-representational videography practice.
Fossil Nominalization Prefixes in Tibetan and Chinese
Authors: Jacques Guillaume
Published: December 2019

This paper shows that both Tibetan and Old Chinese preserve lexicalized traces of several nominalization prefixes which are still productive in morphologically more conservative languages of the Trans-Himalayan family such as Rgyalrongic, which can thus serve as a model for analyzing other languages.
(De-)Limiting the Universal: Engaging with Arabic in Muslim Tamil Poetry
Authors: Tschacher Torsten
Published: December 2019

This article explores how the encounter of Arabic with Tamil discourses on language limited as well as enabled a particular instantiation of Islamic discourse. It argues that, rather than allowing a hyperglossic extension of Arabic grammatical and poetical discourses to Tamil, Muslim Tamil poets clearly demarcated the respective domains of Tamil and Arabic grammar, thereby making each relevant only to the language it originally defined. The prime space of interaction between the two languages was afforded by Arabic vocabulary, as Tamil grammar implicitly permitted the utilization of Arabic words in Tamil poetry. The equalization of the two languages in the realms of grammar and poetics was, however, threatened both by Arabic’s simultaneous status as a divine language and by the porousness of the boundary between the two languages occasioned by ignorance of the system of equivalences created through learned discourse.
A Shared Set of Solecisms: the Mamlūk and Ottoman Reception of al-Ḥarīrī’s Durrat al-ghawwāṣ
Authors: Lindermann Colinda
Published: December 2019

This article aims to highlight sociolinguistic aspects of an Arabic text from the sixth/twelfth century, its reception, and the commentaries on it. Soon after its publication, the linguistic treatise Durrat al-ghawwāṣ fī awhām al-khawāṣṣ by al-Ḥarīrī (d. 516/1122) became a model for discussing the subject of laḥn (solecism) in Arabic, and remained so throughout the following centuries. Rather than attributing this to fixed practices of premodern commentary culture, the article seeks to explain the scholars’ lively and nuanced engagement with Durrat al-ghawwāṣ by focusing on their identification with the social group of the khāṣṣa, which distinguishes itself through language mastery, and by connecting the interest in linguistic treatises to sociocultural developments in the Arab-Islamic realm during the Mamlūk and Ottoman periods.
The Police Mobile Unit
Authors: Mocheregwa Bafumiki
Published: December 2019

This article examines the local and regional contexts surrounding the creation and evolution of the Police Mobile Unit (PMU), Bechuanaland’s (Botswana today) paramilitary unit that was created in 1963 to contain internal riots. After Botswana’s independence in 1966, the PMU acted as a quasi-military because the country had no armed force to preform those duties. This was because from the mid-1960s, Southern Africa was marred with bloodshed due to armed struggles in Rhodesia, South Africa among others. Botswana then became a safe haven for fleeing guerrillas who would enter the country illegally. Being the only line of defence, the PMU was quickly militarised and tasked with patrolling Botswana’s borders in order to arrest those guerrillas and possibly avoid being attacked by security forces of both Rhodesia and South Africa. This however did not work as planned because the PMU was simply too small and ill equipped for the task.
From Madrasa to College: The Islamic Influence in the Birth of the Christian Foundation
Authors: Adam Thomas
Published: December 2019

This article explores the origins of the foundation in Christian Europe. When in 1264 Walter de Merton founded Merton College in Oxford, he broke with established tradition in that he did not entrust his gift to an existing religious order but instead created with Merton College a new legal body that was endowed with self-management and self-government. Up until the creation of Merton College, Christian donors customarily gave their gifts to the Catholic Church or an institution of the Church (monastery or religious order) thereby creating endowments that were administered by the Church. Merton decided against this tradition. Since there was no model within Christian Europe for this new kind of institution (foundation), scholars have long suggested that Merton took inspiration from the Islamic waqf in the creation of his foundation. This article will deepen this explanation by exploring the transition from creating endowments to creating foundations in medieval Europe.