bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Participatory Rural Appraisal for a Community Needs Assessment in Timor-Leste
Authors: Dooley Kim E. , Dobbins Catherine , Edgar Leslie D.
Published: March 2019

Conducting timely and effective needs assessments in the field is important for international development work. In many cases, a researcher has only a couple of hours to build rapport with a community, visually examine the state of the field, and conduct the needs assessment and achieve open, honest, and valid data. Working with translators further constrains the process by cutting available time. Thus, research focused on conducting these types of international assessments is valuable. This study aimed to identify the key needs of the Fatubesi community in Timor-Leste using a combination of techniques for Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)—a transect walk and a small group discussion that included guided questions and ranking priorities. PRA is context specific and emphasizes facilitation of co-learning between local knowledge and outside expertise (Toness, 2005). Water, new fencing, and technical training/seeds were identified as the top three priorities for the community and their gardens, and the transect walk revealed issues with infrastructure that provided visual context for the small group discussion. The results of this study reflect the unique challenges faced by many communities in international development settings. The techniques described in this article are beneficial when used together for PRA to shift roles from expert facilitator to local empowerment.
The Photo Narrative Process: Students’ Intercultural Learning in Agriculture
Authors: Bost Emily , Wingenbach Gary
Published: March 2019

Cultural heritage describes our way of life. It comes from previous generational traditions and incorporates our current constructed and natural environments, and tangible artifacts. The photo narrative process, derived from photovoice, combines photography and narrative expression about artifacts important to one’s way of life. The purpose of this study was to explore effects of the photo narrative process on students’ intercultural learning in agriculture. Photo narrative assignments were developed for students to capture facets of their cultural heritage, and their host countries’ cultural heritage from three separate study abroad programs. Archival data were collected (i.e., course assignments to illustrate one’s cultural heritage via photo and text) and visual social semiotics were used to analyze data. The Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity provided context for students’ levels of intercultural competence. The results showed participants experienced frame shifts (i.e., perspective change in worldviews) from ethnocentrism to ethnorelativism, as evidenced in the rhetoric of their artifacts after participating in the photo narrative process. The photo narrative process is a valuable educational technique; its purposeful use helps learners experience and progress through the stages of intercultural competence. Photo narrative takes advantage of young people’s preferred communication methods (i.e., social media), combining image and text, which empowers them through expressive communication and reflection. Purposeful photo narrative processes may be adapted to help learners explore perspective shifts in racism, classism, or religion to increase understanding and empathetic response between dissimilar groups.
International Agricultural and Extension Education: Meeting the Unknown Challenges of Tomorrow
Authors: Lindner James R.
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this paper is to provide philosophical observations and reflections over 25 years of the Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education (JIAEE) as a reader, author, and editor. The paper provides a brief history of JIAEE including changes that occurred over the years. This paper honors those that contributed to JIAEE and stood as its caretakers over the past 25 years. This main body of the paper is divided into three sections: early years, middle years, and contemporary years. The paper explores the development and use of JIAEE keywords and provides visual depictions using wordclouds. The purpose of keywords is discussed and suggestions for future use are provided. Final recommendations and well wishes for the future are provided. Recommendations include: Considering the hiring of a permanent editor or
publishing firm such as Taylor & Francis; creating a purposeful research agenda in conjunction with AIAEE; and redressing the developing and use of keywords
Predictions of diffusion rates of organic molecules in secondary organic aerosols using the Stokes-Einstein and fractional Stokes-Einstein relations
Authors: Evoy Erin , Maclean Adrian M. , Rovelli Grazia , Li Ying , Tsimpidi Alexandra P. , Karydis Vlassis A. , Kamal Saeid , Lelieveld Jos , Shiraiwa Manabu , Reid Jonathan P. , Bertram Allan K.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Information on the rate of diffusion of organic molecules within secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is needed to accurately predict the effects of SOA on climate and air quality. Often, researchers have predicted diffusion rates of organic molecules within SOA using measurements of viscosity and the Stokes-Einstein relation (D ∝ 1/η where D is the diffusion coefficient and η is viscosity). However, the accuracy of this relation for predicting diffusion in SOA remains uncertain. We measured diffusion coefficients over eight orders in magnitude in proxies of SOA including citric acid, sorbitol, and a sucrose-citric acid mixture. These results were combined with literature data to evaluate the Stokes-Einstein relation for predicting diffusion of organic molecules in SOA. Although almost all the data agrees with the Stokes-Einstein relation within a factor of ten, a fractional Stokes-Einstein relation (D ∝ C/ηt) with t = 0.93 and C = 1.66 is a better model for predicting diffusion of organic molecules in the SOA proxies studied. In addition, based on the output from a chemical transport model, the Stokes-Einstein relation can over predict mixing times of organic molecules within SOA by as much as one order of magnitude at an altitude ~ 3 km, compared to the fractional Stokes-Einstein relation with t = 0.93 and C = 1.66. These differences can be important for predicting growth, evaporation, and reaction rates of SOA in the middle and upper part of the troposphere. These results also have implications for other areas where diffusion of organic molecules within organic-water matrices is important.
Biological enhancement of mineral weathering by Pinus sylvestris seedlings – effects of plants, ectomycorrhizal fungi, and elevated CO2
Authors: Rosenstock Nicholas P. , van Hees Patrick A. W. , Fransson Petra M. A. , Finlay Roger D. , Rosling Anna
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Better understanding and quantifying the relative influence of plants, associated mycorrhizal fungi, and abiotic factors such as elevated CO2 on biotic weathering is essential to constraining weathering estimates. We employed a column microcosm system to examine the effects of elevated CO2 and Pinus sylvestris seedlings, with or without the ectomycorrhizal fungi Piloderma fallax and Suillus variegatus, on rhizosphere soil solution concentrations of low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOA) and weathering of primary minerals. Seedlings significantly increased mineral weathering, as estimated from elemental budgets of Ca, K, Mg, and Si. Elevated CO2 increased plant growth and LMWOA concentrations, but had no effect on weathering. Colonization by ectomycorrhizal fungi, particularly P. fallax, showed some tendency to increase weathering. LMWOA concentrations correlated with seedling biomass across both CO2 and mycorrhizal treatments, but not with total weathering. We conclude that nutrient uptake, which reduces transport limitation to weathering, is the primary mechanism by which plants enhanced weathering in this system. While the experimental system used departs from conditions in forest soils in a number of ways, these results are in line with weathering studies performed at the ecosystem, macrocosm, and microcosm scale, indicating that nutrient uptake by plants and microbes is an important biological mechanism by which mineral weathering is enhanced.
Seasonal origins of soil water used by trees
Authors: Allen Scott T. , Kirchner James W. , Braun Sabine , Siegwolf Rolf T. W. , Goldsmith Gregory R.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Rain recharges soil water storages and either percolates
downward into aquifers and streams or is returned to the atmosphere through
evapotranspiration. Although it is commonly assumed that summer rainfall
recharges plant-available water during the growing season, the seasonal
origins of water used by plants have not been systematically explored. We
characterize the seasonal origins of waters in soils and trees by comparing
their midsummer isotopic signatures (δ2H) to seasonal isotopic
cycles in precipitation, using a new seasonal origin index. Across 182 Swiss
forest sites, xylem water isotopic signatures show that summer rain was not
the predominant water source for midsummer transpiration in any of the three
sampled tree species. Beech and oak mostly used winter precipitation, whereas
spruce used water of more diverse seasonal origins. Even in the same plots,
beech consistently used more winter precipitation than spruce, demonstrating
consistent niche partitioning in the rhizosphere. All three species' xylem
water isotopes indicate that trees used more winter precipitation in drier
regions, potentially mitigating their vulnerability to summer droughts. The
widespread occurrence of winter isotopic signatures in midsummer xylem
implies that growing-season rainfall may have minimally recharged the soil
water storages that supply tree growth, even across diverse humid climates
(690–2068 mm annual precipitation). These results challenge common
assumptions concerning how water flows through soils and is accessed by
trees. Beyond these ecological and hydrological implications, our findings
also imply that stable isotopes of δ18O and δ2H in plant
tissues, which are often used in climate reconstructions, may not reflect
water from growing-season climates.
NEAR-REAL TIME HAZARD MONITORING AND INFORMATION DISSEMINATION THROUGH INTEGRATION OF REMOTE SENSING, GIS, NUMERICAL MODELLING, WEB APPLICATIONS AND SOCIAL MEDIA
Authors: Makinano-Santillan M. , Serviano J. , Rubillos C. K. , Amora A. , Santillan J. R. , Morales E. M. , Marqueso J. T. , Gingo A. L.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. In mitigating and helping lessen the possible effects and damages of disaster to the communities, the transmission of information or end products derived from remote sensing and other multidisciplinary technologies into the community should be immediate, accessible and comprehensive to aid in better planning and decision-making procedures. In this paper, we share a hazard information dissemination procedure which integrates the use of outputs derived from numerical models, web applications and systems as well as the use of social media and telecommunications to promote the utilization of advanced science and technology outputs that could represent and visualize various flooding scenarios through social media and dynamic communication between stakeholders.
EXAMINATION OF THE TERRAIN EFFECT FOR TERRESTRIAL ALBEDO ESTIMATION VIA BRDF MODEL PARAMETERS
Authors: Susaki J. , Miyagaki R. , Kuriki A. , Jin S.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. In this paper, we examine the effect of terrain on terrestrial albedo estimation. Terrestrial albedo is one of the most important parameters for understanding the global heat balance. The existing approach for estimating terrestrial albedo involves the estimation of model parameters of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) based on measurements obtained at different geometries. Then, narrowband albedos are estimated from the BRDF model parameters and the broadband albedo is finally estimated by narrowband-tobroadband conversion. Previous studies have not considered the terrain effect for generating the terrestrial albedo. Experiments using in situ measurements showed that the BRDF model, which transforms the geocoordinate of the reflectance of the shadowed terrain, generates the best accuracy. The improvement in the accuracy by the terrain effect correction is limited, and therefore further investigations using more in situ and simulated data are necessary for operational products.
FEASIBILITY OF USING HYPERSPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL HEAVY METAL MONITORING
Authors: Chen X. , Lee H. , Lee M.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The use of optical properties as key parameters has been widely used in water quality monitoring, which accelerates the advances of remote sensing in the field of environmental monitoring. Current analytical methods for determining heavy metals in water include flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), atomic adsorption spectrophotometry (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy, which typically require use of chemicals for sample processing and pretreatment as well as high capital input for analysis. Therefore, this study aims at investigating the potential of using non-destructive approaches for rapid water monitoring of heavy metal from green chemistry perspective. The proposed non-destructive sensing techniques include X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF) and visible-near infrared spectroradiometer (VNIR). The former is an elemental analyser specifically for elements with relatively high atomic number, and the latter measures the reflectance or transmittance from samples. Heavy metals of lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) were selected as the target water constitutes in the study. The results from the analysis were then be used for determining a correlation model through chemometric approaches. Our results demonstrated that both of the target metals could be analysed via the proposed analytical methods. Reasonable agreements between the measurements from XRF and ICP were observed, whereas moderate correlations were perceived for simple linear regression model using spectral information from VNIR. Results from this study are expected to provide useful information on rapid identification of metal-polluting sources.
DEVELOPMENT OF PHENOLOGY BASED ALGORITHM FOR CROPLAND AND CROP TYPE MAPPING WITH MULTITEMPORAL LANDSAT IMAGE DATA - CASE STUDY IN THE NORTHWEST OF VIETNAM
Authors: Duong N. D. , Phuong N. M. , Thi N. B.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Cropland mapping is very important for food security, policy development, land use planning, and environmental protection. Scientists have developed methods and techniques for cropland mapping with remote sensing image data. Both single date and multitemporal image data are used for generation of cropland and crop type maps. Multitemporal image data has advantages over single date image data from reliability and accuracy point of view because multitemporal image data allows to eliminate seasonality of vegetation. In this paper, the authors present new algorithm for cropland and crop type mapping with multitemporal Landsat image data. The algorithm requires for analysis of all Landsat scenes observed during one year and if needed, scenes in some years back to compensate clouds and cloud shadows. Phenology of land cover is constructed based on six bimonthly cloud free land covers that were automatically classified using the selected scenes. By grouping land covers within two months to six land covers of periods January–February, March–April, May-June, July–August, September–October, and November–December we create six bimonthly cloud free land covers that formulate a database for mapping cropland and crop types. By analysis of 50 Landsat scenes of path/row number 128/45 (northwest of Vietnam) observed mainly from 2017, 2016 and 2015 we success to map upland cropland and 14 crop types with area ranging from 145,143 ha to 3,373 ha per crop type. The study pointed out that phenology characterized by six bimonthly land covers is acceptable to identify cropland distribution and some specific crop types. For better results, apparently we need higher temporal resolution of image data. Due to uncertainty of the atmosphere, it is almost impossible to rely only on optical remote sensing data to achieve high temporality of data so application of multitemporal SAR data could be a way to overcome this obstacle.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DEGREE OF GRADE IN GRADE-ADDED ROUGH SET FOR LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION
Authors: Ishii Y. , Iwao K. , Kinoshita T.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. This paper aims to clarify the meaning of the membership which is produced as by-products of land cover classification by Grade-added rough set (GRS). A new land cover classification method by using GRS was developed. The classification scheme of GRS which calculates membership (degree of grade) for each class is similar to those of MLC and SVM. But there are two things that are not clear. One is a meaning of the membership of GRS and the other is a reason why the larger membership in GRS employed works well. In this study, aerial images were used to visualize the relation of membership between GRS and existing classifiers, MLC and SVM. Furthermore, a model experiment in two-dimensional feature space was conducted. From these experiments, it was found that the meaning of degree of grade is a distance from a nearest training data of other class. That is, the meaning of membership of GRS is similar to that of SVM, because SVM also calculates a distance from boundary line which is determined by support vectors, while the meaning of membership of MLC is a distance from a centroid of own class. Also it was found that what the distance from the closest other class is given as the degree of grade implies that the higher the grade, the higher the certainty. In this research we could clarify some of the features of land cover classification using GRS.
THIN ICE AREA EXTRACTION IN THE SEASONAL SEA ICE ZONES OF THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE USING ASMR2 DATA
Authors: Cho K. , Miyao K. , Naoki K.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Sea ice has an important role of reflecting the solar radiation back into space. In addition, the heat flux of ice in thin ice areas is strongly affected by the ice thickness difference. Therefore, ice thickness is one of the most important parameters of sea ice. In our previous study, the authors have developed a thin ice area extraction algorithm using passive microwave radiometer AMSR2 for the Sea of Okhotsk. The basic idea of the algorithm is to use the brightness temperature scatter plots of AMSR2 19 GHz polarization on difference (V-H) vs 19 GHz V polarization. The algorithm was also applicable to the Bering Sea, and could extract most of the thin n ice areas. However, two problems have become clear. One was that some of the thin ice areas were not well extracted, and the other was that some of the consolidated ice were mis-extracted as thin ice areas. In this study, the authors have improved the thin ice area extraction algorithm to solve these problems. By adjusting the parameters of the algorithm applied to the brightness temperature scatter plots of AMSR2 19 GHz polarization difference (V-H) vs 19 GHz V polarization, most of the thin ice areas were also well extracted in the Bering Sea. The authors also introduced an equation using the brightness temperatures difference of 89GHz vertical and horizontal polarization to reject the thin ice area misextracted over consolidated ice. By applying the above two methods to AMSR2 data, most of the thin ice areas in the Bering Sea were well extracted. The algorithm was also applied to the Gulf of St. Lawrence with good result. The thin ice area extracted data are planed to be approved by JAXA as a AMSR2 research product.
USING REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR CALCULATING THE COASTAL EROSION IN SOUTHERN THAILAND
Authors: Pantanahiran W.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. There has been long-term observation of coastal erosion in Koh Kho Khao , Ban Nam Khem, Phang Nga province, in Thailand, which was affected by a tsunami on December 26, 2004. The disaster, as is well known, caused the loss of lives and property. This area is recognized as one of the best tourist areas in Thailand. The objective of the research was to identify the coastal changes to the island, Koh Kho Khao. The Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing were used. Five- time periods were used, in which aerial photographs and satellite images were taken, with the aerial photographs taken in February, 2002. IKONOS images were taken on December 29, 2004, and Quick Bird images were dated the 23rd of February, 2009. Worldview-2 images were dated the 6th of December, 2012, while the Pleiades images were dated January 8, 2016. The coastlines were compared using the overlay technique. Coastal erosion and coastal deposition during consecutive years were calculated. The results showed that the tsunami in 2004 caused coastal erosion in the area, as coastal changes during those years were found. Additionally, natural adaptation was found after 14 years at the middle and upper parts of the island. Severe coastal erosion of the lower part of the island has been continuously found, with an erosion rate between 2002 and 2004 (2-year period), 2004 and 2009 (5-year period), 2009 and 2012 (3-year period), and 2012 and 2016 (4-year period) of 22.44, 9.96, 19.63, and 12.34 meters per year respectively. In addition the erosion rate between 2002 and 2016 (14-year period) was 100.97 meters per year. It was also found that the seawall was the main factor in the coastal erosion in the lower part of the island because it was recognized that the coastline was sharply cut along the seawall. It is recommended that the lower part of the island be declared a special observation area in order to prevent further coastal erosion.
ASSESSMENT OF CLOUD COVER CHARACTERISTICS OVER CALIBRATION TEST SITES USING MODIS CLOUD MASK PRODUCTS
Authors: Yamamoto H. , Tsuchida S.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Spaceborne remotely sensed data can provide the spatial, spectral, and temporal coverage for earth monitoring. Radiometric calibration is indispensable for the accurate higher level products derived from satellite optical sensors, and the long-term radiometric calibration has a crucial role. Especially, vicarious calibration is currently the most accurate method to conduct the radiometric calibration of satellite optical sensors. Various organization and projects have been conducting the vicarious calibration experiments for satellite optical sensors. Railroad valley playa is the most popular calibration site, and we have been also acquiring the vicarious calibration data for Terra ASTER there from the past. Recently, RadCalNet (Radiometric Calibration Network) is open to the public, which is an initiative of the CEOS WGCV. Railroad valley is also one of the RadCalNet sites, and our calibration site is located at the adjacent area. Understanding the cloud cover characteristics over calibration test sites is very important for vicarious calibration and automated facilities measurement. This research evaluates the clear sky ratio for Railroad valley playa using Terra an Aqua MODIS cloud mask product (MOD35_L2 and MYD35_L2) since 2000.
Simulating the effects of weather and climate on large wildfires in France
Authors: Barbero Renaud , Curt Thomas , Ganteaume Anne , Maillé Eric , Jappiot Marielle , Bellet Adeline
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Large wildfires across parts of France can cause devastating damage which
puts lives, infrastructure, and the natural ecosystem at risk. In the climate
change context, it is essential to better understand how these large
wildfires relate to weather and climate and how they might change in a warmer
world. Such projections rely on the development of a robust modeling
framework linking large wildfires to present-day atmospheric variability.
Drawing from a MODIS product and a gridded meteorological dataset, we derived
a suite of biophysical and fire danger indices and developed generalized
linear models simulating the probability of large wildfires (>100 ha) at
8 km spatial and daily temporal resolutions across the entire country over
the last two decades. The models were able to reproduce large-wildfire
activity across a range of spatial and temporal scales. Different
sensitivities to weather and climate were detected across different
environmental regions. Long-term drought was found to be a significant
predictor of large wildfires in flammability-limited systems such as the
Alpine and southwestern regions. In the Mediterranean, large wildfires were
found to be associated with both short-term fire weather conditions and
longer-term soil moisture deficits, collectively facilitating the occurrence
of large wildfires. Simulated probabilities on days with large wildfires were
on average 2–3 times higher than normal with respect to the mean seasonal
cycle, highlighting the key role of atmospheric variability in wildfire
spread. The model has wide applications, including improving our
understanding of the drivers of large wildfires over the historical period
and providing a basis on which to estimate future changes to large wildfires
from climate scenarios.
Dynamics of the North Balearic Front during an autumn tramontane and mistral storm: air–sea coupling processes and stratification budget diagnostic
Authors: Seyfried Léo , Estournel Claude , Marsaleix Patrick , Richard Evelyne
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The North Balearic Front forms the southern branch of the cyclonic
gyre in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Its dynamics exhibit significant seasonal variability. During autumn, the front spreads northward
during the calm wind periods and rapidly moves back southward when it is
exposed to strong northerly wind events such as the tramontane and mistral.
These strong winds considerably enhance the air–sea exchanges. To investigate
the role of air–sea exchanges in the dynamics of the North Balearic front, we
used observations and a high-resolution air–sea coupled modelling system. We
focused on a strong-wind event observed in late October 2012, which was
well-documented during the Hydrological Cycle Mediterranean Experiment. The
coupled model was able to correctly reproduce the 4 ∘C sea surface
temperature drop recorded in the frontal zone together with the observed
southwestward displacement of the front. The comparison between the weak wind
period preceding the event and the strong-wind event itself highlighted the
impact of the wind regime on the air–sea coupling. During the low-wind period
the coupling is thermal and dynamical whereas during the strong-wind period
the coupling is mainly thermal. The effect of air–sea exchanges on the
stratification variations in the frontal zone was investigated with a
stratification budget diagnosis. The stratification variations are controlled
by diabatic air–sea buoyancy flux, adiabatic Ekman buoyancy flux, and
advective processes. During the strong-wind period, the Ekman buoyancy flux
was found to be 3 times greater than the air–sea buoyancy flux and thus
played a major role in the de-stratification of the frontal zone. The role of
Ekman pumping and inertial wave in the advective processes is also discussed.
The Copernicus Surface Velocity Platform drifter with Barometer and Reference Sensor for Temperature (SVP-BRST): genesis, design, and initial results
Authors: Poli Paul , Lucas Marc , O'Carroll Anne , Le Menn Marc , David Arnaud , Corlett Gary K. , Blouch Pierre , Meldrum David , Merchant Christopher J. , Belbeoch Mathieu , Herklotz Kai
Published: March 2019

Abstract. To support calibration and validation of satellite
sea surface temperature (SST) retrievals, over 60 high-resolution SST
(HRSST) drifting buoys were deployed at sea between 2012 and 2017. Their
data record is reviewed here. It is confirmed that sea state and immersion
depth play an important role in understanding the data collected by such
buoys and that the SST sensors need adequate insulation. In addition,
calibration verification of three recovered drifters suggests that the
sensor drift is low, albeit negative at around −0.01 K year−1. However, the
statistical significance of these results is limited, and the calibration
procedure could not be exactly reproduced, introducing additional
uncertainties into this drift assessment. Based on lessons learnt from these
initial buoys, a new sensor package for the Surface Velocity Platform with
Barometer (SVP-B) was designed to serve calibration of SST retrievals by
European Union's Copernicus satellites. The novel sensor package includes an
HRSST sensor calibrated by a metrology laboratory. The sensor includes a
pressure probe to monitor immersion depth in calm water and acquires SST
data at 1 Hz over a 5 min interval every hour. This enables the
derivation of mean SST as well as several percentiles of the SST
distribution. The HRSST sensor is calibrated with an uncertainty better than
0.01 K. Analysis of the data collected by two prototypes deployed in the
Mediterranean Sea shows that the buoys are able to capture small-scale SST
variations. These variations are found to be smaller when the sea state is
well mixed and when the buoys are located within eddy cores. This affects
the drifter SST data representativeness, which is an aspect of importance
for optimal use of these data.
Sentinel-3 Delay-Doppler altimetry over Antarctica
Authors: McMillan Malcolm , Muir Alan , Shepherd Andrew , Escolà Roger , Roca Mònica , Aublanc Jérémie , Thibaut Pierre , Restano Marco , Ambrozio Américo , Benveniste Jérôme
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The launch of Sentinel-3A in February 2016 represented the beginning of a new
long-term series of operational satellite radar altimeters, which will
provide Delay-Doppler altimetry measurements over ice sheets for decades to
come. Given the potential benefits that these satellites can offer to a range
of glaciological applications, it is important to establish their capacity to
monitor ice sheet elevation and elevation change. Here, we present the first
analysis of Sentinel-3 Delay-Doppler altimetry over the Antarctic ice sheet,
and assess the accuracy and precision of retrievals of ice sheet elevation
across a range of topographic regimes. Over the low-slope regions of the ice
sheet interior, we find that the instrument achieves both an accuracy and a
precision of the order of 10 cm, with ∼98 % of the data
validated being within 50 cm of co-located airborne measurements. Across the
steeper and more complex topography of the ice sheet margin, the accuracy
decreases, although analysis at two coastal sites with densely surveyed
airborne campaigns shows that ∼60 %–85 % of validated data are
still within 1 m of co-located airborne elevation measurements. We then
explore the utility of the Sentinel-3A Delay-Doppler altimeter for mapping
ice sheet elevation change. We show that with only 2 years of available
data, it is possible to resolve known signals of ice dynamic imbalance and
to detect evidence of subglacial lake drainage activity. Our analysis
demonstrates a new, long-term source of measurements of ice sheet elevation
and elevation change, and the early potential of this operational system for
monitoring ice sheet imbalance for decades to come.
Modeling the response of northwest Greenland to enhanced ocean thermal forcing and subglacial discharge
Authors: Morlighem Mathieu , Wood Michael , Seroussi Hélène , Choi Youngmin , Rignot Eric
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Calving-front dynamics is an important
control on Greenland's ice mass balance. Ice front retreat of
marine-terminating glaciers may, for example, lead to a loss in resistive
stress, which ultimately results in glacier acceleration and thinning. Over
the past decade, it has been suggested that such retreats may be triggered by
warm and salty Atlantic Water, which is typically found at a depth below
200–300 m. An increase in subglacial water discharge at glacier ice fronts
due to enhanced surface runoff may also be responsible for an intensification
of undercutting and calving. An increase in ocean thermal forcing or
subglacial discharge therefore has the potential to destabilize
marine-terminating glaciers along the coast of Greenland. It remains unclear
which glaciers are currently stable but may retreat in the future and how far
inland and how fast they will retreat. Here, we quantify the sensitivity and
vulnerability of marine-terminating glaciers along the northwest coast of
Greenland (from 72.5 to 76∘ N) to ocean forcing and subglacial
discharge using the Ice Sheet System Model (ISSM). We rely on a
parameterization of undercutting based on ocean thermal forcing and
subglacial discharge and use ocean temperature and salinity from
high-resolution ECCO2 (Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean,
Phase II) simulations at the fjord mouth to constrain the ocean thermal
forcing. The ice flow model includes a calving law based on a tensile von
Mises criterion. We find that some glaciers, such as Dietrichson Gletscher or
Alison Glacier, are sensitive to small increases in ocean thermal forcing,
while others, such as Illullip Sermia or Cornell
Gletscher, are remarkably stable,
even in a +3 ∘C ocean warming scenario. Under the most intense
experiment, we find that Hayes Gletscher retreats by more than 50 km inland by 2100 into a deep trough,
and its velocity increases by a factor of 3 over only 23 years. The model
confirms that ice–ocean interactions can trigger extensive and rapid glacier
retreat, but the bed controls the rate and magnitude of the retreat. Under
current oceanic and atmospheric conditions, we find that this sector of the
Greenland ice sheet alone will contribute more than 1 cm to sea level rise
and up to 3 cm by 2100 under the most extreme scenario.
Screening Procedure for Hemihypertrophy: Preliminary Results of International Multicenter Prospective Study
Authors: Vaiman Michael , Shilco Phillip , Roitblat Yulia , Padilla-Raygoza Nicolas , Leit Aidan , Kavin Aaron , Schonberger Edan , Nehuliaieva Liliia , Buchris Noa , Shterenshis Michael
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Isolated or congenital hemihypertrophy is a rare disorder characterized by asymmetric overgrowth of one side of the body. This article describes the protocol and preliminary results of a lateral body asymmetry (hemihypertrophy) screening procedure performed in healthy adolescents in a multicenter study. The reported incidence of hemihypertrophy varies between different publications and standardized protocols are needed to improve research in this area.Methods: Our screening program is taking place in Australia, Israel, Mexico, Ukraine and USA. Procedure includes two steps:  (1) “three measurements – three questions” screening, or assessment of face, palms, and shins; (2) in-depth assessment of selected cases in order to exclude localized, lesional, and syndrome-related cases as well as body asymmetry within normative range and to select suspected cases of isolated hemihypertrophy. This step includes measurements of various anatomical regions and a detailed questionnaire.Results: At this stage, the screening procedure is completed and the selected participants are advised to refer to medical institutions for further clinical and genetic follow up to exclude possible tumors and other accompanying disorders.Conclusion: We present an easy-to-use selection tool to identify children with suspected IH, which results in the selection of the risk group that may benefit from referral to a pediatrician and a clinical geneticist.
El Pediatra que impacta en el desarrollo infantil
Authors: Prado López Lidia María
Published: March 2019

El tipo de alimentos que ingerimos tienen un impacto importante en nuestra salud. Existen estudios epidemiológicos a gran escala sobre la dieta y enfermedades crónicas que han facilitado avances en nuestro entendimiento sobre la contribución de la dieta en la patogénesis de éstas enfermedades.
CATEGORIZACION DE PATOLOGIA DE MAMA SEGÚN SISTEMA BIRADS
Authors: González Georgina , Alvarenga Mirna , Funes Eliza , Guillen Lizandro , González Manuel
Published: March 2019

El sistema de datos y reporte de imagen de mama (BIRADS) es una herramienta que establece una estandarización en los informes mamográficos, para reducir la confusión en la interpretación del diagnóstico en la patología mamaria. Objetivo: Categorizar la patología mamaria detectada por el sistema BIRADS. Pacientes y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y prospectivo, realizado a 1537 pacientes que acudieron a Mediscan para estudio de mamografía de tamizaje (mamografía de control/ anual) en el período comprendido entre enero 2014 a marzo 2015. Resultados: 560(36.2%) de los pacientes tenian edades entre 40 y 49 años, 1098(71.4%) de los pacientes presentaron factores de riesgo para cáncer de mama y los que más prevalecieron fueron biopsia previa de mama, carga genética para cáncer de mama y secreción por el pezón. El 2% fueron clasificados como BIRADS IV y V con el estudio de biopsia complementario solicitado, 10 pacientes fueron diagnosticados con Carcinoma Ductal Infiltrante. Conclusión: La relación entre los resultados mamográficos con el sistema BIRADS nos facilita el manejo de los mismos bajo recomendaciones precisas que mejoran la detección del cáncer de mama. Recomendación: Sensibilizar a las pacientes que la detección precoz es la mejor herramienta para el diagnóstico temprano.

Palabras clave

Determinación, Enfermedades Genéticas Congénitas, Neoplasias de la mama, Neoplasias
FACTORES DESENCADENANTES DE LAS COMPLICACIONES EN PACIENTES CON APENDICITIS AGUDA
Authors: Delcid Morazán Allan Fernando , Barahona Andrade Aristides , Barcan Batchvaroff Moran E.
Published: March 2019

Antecedentes: La apendicitis aguda es la urgencia quirúrgica más frecuente en las emergencias y lleva a serias complicaciones. Su incidencia anual es de 1,33 por 1000 hombres y 0,09 por 1000 mujeres. El diagnóstico temprano, profilaxis antibiótica y terapia postoperatoria correcta, evitan complicaciones. Objetivo: Demostrar los principales factores desencadenantes de las complicaciones en los pacientes con Apendicitis Aguda en el Hospital General del Sur de Junio de 2015 a Febrero de 2016. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio no experimental, transversal, analítico, con universo de 568 pacientes operados por apendicitis aguda, muestra de 300 pacientes, constituida por 179 casos y 121 controles. Se determino un intervalo de confianza de 3.88, con nivel de confianza de 95%, el valor de precisión 0.6, dando como resultado una muestra de 237 la cual se cambio a 300 por tener más disponibilidad de los expedientes y realizar un estudio más preciso. Resultados: 179 (59%) de los pacientes eran hombres, 128 (70.1%) tenían entre 1-29 años, el diagnóstico se realizó con: hipersensibilidad en cuadrante inferior derecho del abdomen (98%), neutrofilia mayor a 70% (93%). No se le aplico profilaxis antibiótica a 204 pacientes (68%), hubieron apéndicitis complicadas en 59.7% y no complicadas en 40.3%, infección de la herida quirúrgica en un 10%, y la relación entre uso de profilaxis e infección de herida quirúrgica dio un OR 0.37 Conclusiones: la dificultad en los accesos de salud, la demora en el manejo y tratamiento de los pacientes y la falta de profilaxis antibiótica se vieron como factores desen- cadenantes. El más importante de estos fue la profilaxis antibiótica ya que su OR de 0.37 nos da un porcentaje de beneficiencia de 63% para prevenir infección de sitio quirúrgico.

Palabras clave

Apendicitis, Apéndice, Abdomen agudo, Profilaxis antibiótica
MENDICIDAD, ABANDONO Y TRABAJO INFANTIL EN LA COMUNIDAD GARÍFUNA DE TRAVESÍA, PUERTO CORTES
Authors: Miranda Baquedano Vilma Mercedes , Flores Girón Lesby Melissa , Euceda Garza Erick Alejandro
Published: March 2019

La mendicidad, abandono y trabajo infantil son una realidad social en la que se ven involucrados muchos niños y niñas, siendo estos una población vulnerable ante los factores que potencian esta situación Objetivo: Conocer la prevalencia de mendicidad, abandono y trabajo infantil en la comunidad Garífuna de Puerto Cortés, I semestre 2016. Pacientes y Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo/exploratorio, transversal. Población 450 familias, muestra 149 familias, alea- torio simple. Instrumento tipo cuestionario. Resultados: 47% de las personas han observado niños mendigando, 86.58% si sabe que es abandono, 87.2% no conoce instituciones que ayuden a los niños abando- nados, en 42.28% de los hogares habitan niños abandonados por algún familiar, 50.79% indicaron ser la abuela de los niños. 26.17% de los hogares los menores realizan actividades para generar ingresos económicos, 13.51% realizan ventas ambulantes y el 4.73% construcción. Conclusión: Los resultados de la investigación muestran que si hay abandono, tanto físico como emocional en los niños de la comunidad Garífuna, al igual que la mendicidad, aunque no se observan niños pidiendo a simple vista estos si rodean la comunidad o realizan esta actividad duran- te las fechas donde hay más turistas, el trabajo infantil no se ve muy marcado en la población encuestada, sin embargo los niños si realizan actividades económicas para generar ingresos en su hogar, como la venta de pan de coco, tabletas, algunos en construcción, la mayoría de estos niños trabajan también estudian.

Palabras clave

Pobreza, Niño abandonado, Trabajo infantil, Grupo étnico, Niños
REIMPLANTACIÓN TARDÍA DE DIENTES AVULSIONADOS. REPORTE DE CASOS
Authors: Hernández Serrano Emny Carolina , Vijil Leclair Ana María
Published: March 2019

La avulsión es considerada, dentro de los traumatismos dentoalveolar, como la exarticulación o desplazamiento completo del diente fuera de su alveolo. Este tipo de trauma tiene alta incidencia en niños y adolescentes. Es considerada como una verdadera emergencia en la cual la reimplantación inmediata es lo ideal, para un pronóstico favorable, aunque esto no siempre puede ser posible. Las complicaciones, como la reabsorción inflamatoria o reabsorción reemplazante son muchas veces inevitables, la reimplantación dental aun siendo tardía es una buena alternativa para ayudar a la conservación del espacio en el alveolo durante la maduración ósea, considerando también la estética, la función y el aspecto psicológico del paciente. El resultado final depende de diferentes factores, siendo de mayor importancia la reacción del cuerpo ante la colocación del diente en su lugar. El presente es el reporte de dos casos clínicos sobre avulsión dentaria con un tiempo extrao- ral mayor de 12 horas, en pacientes de 1 año 6 meses y otro de 3 años, que acudieron a la clínica de endodoncia en el Hospital Leonardo Martínez Valenzuela (HLMV) de la carrera de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras en el Valle de Sula (UNAH-VS). El paciente del primer caso se encuentra aún asintomático después de tres años de observación y el segundo presenta una reabsorción reemplazante.

Palabras clave

Avulsión dental, Resorción Radicular, Reimplantación
APENDICITIS AGUDA POR ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES EN PACIENTE ADULTO
Authors: Cartagena Mendoza Eduardo José , Paz Dubón Joceline , Bonilla Ruth Argueta
Published: March 2019

La frecuencia de apendicitis aguda por parásitos es rara y va desde 1.5 a 27.2% en áreas endémicas. De estos casos, la incidencia por Ascaris lumbricoides es de 17 a 26%. La infestación es generalmente asintomática y los síntomas pueden desarrollarse cuando un parásito adulto obstruye la luz o cuando el huevo produce hiperplasia secundaria de los nódulos linfáticos
LA ANEMIA DREPANOCÍTICA; ENFERMEDAD CRÓNICA Y DOLOROSA. ¿COMO PREVENIRLA?
Authors: Martínez Beckerat Roxana
Published: March 2019

De acuerdo a la OMS la anemia afecta en el mundo a más de 1,600 millones de personas, es decir casi el 25% de la población mundial,(1) con mayor prevalecía en niños en edad preescolar. Aunque la anemia más común es la ferropénica, la anemia de células falciformes o “drepanocítica” le sigue en importancia debido al gran número de complicaciones que conlleva en quienes la padecen.
EVALUACIÓN DE LA INGESTA DIETÉTICA EN ESTUDIANTES DE CUARTO AÑO DE MEDICINA
Authors: González Pineda José Obdulio , Mejía Rodríguez Saúl Alejandro , Corea Cruz Claudia Raquel , Sánchez Mendoza Joselyn Gabriela , Majano Hernández Wilmer Roberto , Carranza Linares Ricardo Jafet , Elvir Gale Patricia Monserrath
Published: March 2019

La malnutrición, ya sea por déficit o exceso de nutrientes, constituye un problema creciente a nivel mundial, siendo los jóvenes universitarios uno de los grupos más vulnerables. Objetivo: Evaluar la ingesta dietética de los estudiantes de Farmacología II y/o Fisiopatología II de medicina de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras en el Valle de Sula (UNAH-VS) en mayo del 2017. Pacientes y métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal, en el mes de mayo del 2017, en estudiantes del cuarto año de medicina. Mediante muestreo probabilístico aleatorio estratificado se obtuvo una muestra de 65 estudiantes. La información fue recolectada mediante dos encuestas de recordatorio de 24 horas reali- zadas en dos días diferentes. Dicha información fue procesada mediante el software NutrINCAP y Microsoft Excel. Resultados: Se encontró que los participantes tenían una ingesta energética media de 3892.88 kcal/día y de 2245.16 kcal/día y una ingesta de proteínas de 136.06 y 82.79 gramos al día para hombres y mujeres, respectivamente. La ingesta media de colesterol en hombres fue de 490.04 mg/día, mientras que en las mujeres fue de 268.31 mg/día. En promedio, el consumo de calcio que se encontró para ambos sexos fue 640.56 mg/día y 946.59 mg/día, mientras que de hierro fue 27.32 mg y 38.63 mg/día, para mujeres y hombres, respectivamente. Conclusiones: Los hombres evaluados presentaron una dieta hipercalórica, con exceso de colesterol y déficit de calcio y hierro. Por su parte, las mujeres mantienen una dieta hipocalórica, hiperproteica y con déficit de calcio y hierro.

Palabras clave

Evaluación nutricional, Estudiantes de medicina, Ingestión de energía
CARACTERIZACIÓN GENERAL DE ZIKA
Authors: Díaz Mercadal Karla Patricia , Flores Zelaya Rut Elizabeth , Fajardo Dubón German Edgardo
Published: March 2019

El Zika es un arbovirosis que causa enfermedad febril caracterizada por fiebre, rash, artralgias y conjuntivitis no purulenta. En 2015 se registraron casos autóctonos en Brasil, en menos de un año el Zika se extendió a más de 30 países y territorios de América Central, América del Sur, el Caribe y México, entre estos Honduras. Se ha relacionado con aumento de los casos de Guillain Barré y microcefalia en zonas donde produce epidemia. En Honduras, entre la semana epidemiológica 1 del 2016 a la 33 del 2017, hubo un total acumulado de 681 mujeres embarazadas con sospecha de Zika identificadas en el país, 125 de las cuales han sido confirmadas en laboratorio por reacción en cadena de polimerasa. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de 30 artículos tomando como referencia: artículos de revistas, normas y recomendaciones menores de 5 años de haber sido publicados o aquellos con importancia histórica, con el fin de brindar información útil al lector acerca del tema. Zika es una enfermedad que puede generar un impacto negativo en la salud de la niñez, dejando secuelas a largo plazo.

Palabras clave

Virus Zika, Arbovirosis, Microcefalia
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Global Journal of Health Science, Vol. 11, No. 3
Authors: Grey Erica
Published: March 2019

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Global Journal of Health Science, Vol. 11, No. 3, 2019.