bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STATIONARY MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF an AQUIFER AS A BASIC TOOL FOR MANAGEMENT OF GROUNDWATER RESOURCES IN THE CONCENTRATED OPENCAST MINING INDUSTRY IN THE HOLY CROSS MOUNTAINS
Authors: BIAŁECKA Katarzyna , PRAŻAK Jan
Published: September 2018

Opencast mining industry very often extracts mineral resources below the groundwater table. Dewatering of excavations affects exploitable groundwater resources. It causes only temporal changes, but if they last several tens of years, local population is forced to modernize existing or even build new groundwater intakes. Mines discharge water into rivers, and local residents have problems with water supply. The municipality has the right not to agree for dewatering, but then it limits the activities of the mining industry. Therefore, it is very important to recognize not only the mining excavations affected by water inflow, but also the scope of hydrodynamic changes and their impact on groundwater intake facilities. The basic computational tool for prediction the effects of extraction of mineral resources below the water table should be a properly constructed mathematical model of a dewatered aquifer. The model should be stationary and should be used to prepare further forecasts for the assessment of damage caused by mining operations, depending on the progress in the exploitation of minerals. This will allow anticipating actions to cover possible losses in water supply to people, agriculture and the local industry. The authors present this problem and the attempts of such operations, based on the examples from the Gałęzice–Bolechowice–Borków and Łagów regions in the Holy Cross Mountains where numerous opencast mines of the Devonian limestones and dolomites are located.
SELECTED METHODS OF TESTING HYDROGEOLOGICAL FEATURES OF ROCKS AS A SUPPORT FOR GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING NEAR A RECLAIMED OPEN PIT
Authors: NIEDBALSKA Katarzyna , BUKOWSKI Przemysław , AUGUSTYNIAK Iwona
Published: September 2018

An appropriate method of depositing post-mining waste can impede very significantly the water flow within the landfill and be one of the most effective methods of limiting the leaching of pollutants and their migration to the aquifer. The forecasting of water circulation and the dynamics of the process of pollutants leaching and their migration is supported by numerical modelling programs that allow assessing real conditions to follow changes in the processes over time. In case of reclamation of an open pit with post-mining wastes from hard coal mines, model research for the assessment of its impact on the aquatic environment should be supported by a complex of modern, uniform and mutually complementary methods of testing rock materials. The numerical models of groundwater flow and migration of pollutants required, among others, data on hydrogeological properties of rocks deposited in a storage site. They are based on both the results of field and laboratory tests. An important element in forecasting the impact of post-mining waste used in the reclamation of an open pit on groundwater is the quantitative assessment of the absorptive capacity of deposited wastes (mainly Carboniferous rocks) and the volume of free spaces of rock debris as a zone particularly susceptible to mineral weathering and pollution leaching. These tests must be carried out simultaneously with the simulation, in the laboratory, of changes in the filtration coefficient of loose materials depending on the thickness of the dump and changes in the vertical pressure exerted by rocks filled up during reclamation. Based on the example of research conducted on the material stored in the excavation after exploitation of backfilling sand, the authors proposed to adapt the research methods originally developed for the purposes of forecasting water hazards in mine shafts and underground excavations for the need of assessing changes in water circulation conditions within the dump.
ANALYSIS OF HYDROGEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS SUPPORTED BY A MATHEMATICAL MODELING AS THE BASIC STAGE OF INVESTMENT PROJECTS IN GEOTHERMY FIELD
Authors: TOMASZEWSKA Barbara , DENDYS Marta , PAJĄK Leszek
Published: September 2018

Geothermal groundwaters are deposits that must be categorised as a mining property. Their exploitation is possible with a mining concession and permission of use. Geothermal groundwaters in Poland are used in heating, balneotherapy and recreation purposes. Over the last years, investigations have been carried out to intensify the use of geothermal groundwaters. They can be used as new geothermal products, for example as a mineralised concentrate. Investment projects related to geothermal groundwaters should be prepared with care about safe and sustained exploitation in long-term perspective. Using of geothermal groundwaters is determined by technical and economical conditions. However, successful exploitation depends also on natural conditions e.g. water temperature, physical features, chemical composition and durability of parameters, and renewability of resources. Recognition of these elements give a basic information that nowadays can be integrated as mathematical models. The models are created to analyse and simulate the conditions of geothermal systems. It often happens before starting project operating activities. The paper presents examples of projects carried out over the recent years. They have been associated with the using and management of geothermal groundwaters and the key role has been played by mathematical modelling in the field of geothermy and hydrogeology.
A ESTREITA RELAÇÃO ENTRE A MICROBIOTA RUMINAL E OS ADITIVOS
MICROBIANOS
Authors: Oliveira Abrão Pessoa Flávia , Robson Duarte Eduardo , Sena Pessoa Moisés , Lúcia dos Santos Vera , Henrique Curcino Batista Luis , Dias Silva Thiago , Fabino Neto Ronaildo , Mário Rodriguez Norberto
Published: September 2018

The objective of this review is to discuss aspects related to ruminal microbiota, especially of
animals raised in extensive systems, and to relate modulatory mechanisms of microbial additives
with the microorganism population and ruminal parameters. Different modulators of the ruminal
microbiota have been studied in order to improve the microbial activity in the rumen. Feeding
with prebiotics, probiotics or both; and supplementation with competitive exclusion cultures have
been used to limit the proliferation of E. coli O157 in production animals that act as potential
reservoirs of this bacterial strain. It is also known that live microbial cultures of the exogenous
fungi Aspergillus oryzae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and their extracts have been used as
dietary supplements in the animal diet, and that these can improve the productivity of ruminants
by approximately seven to eight percent. It was found that the additive constituted of
Saccharomyces cerevisiae tends to stimulate the growth of cellulolytic bacteria in the rumen of
newborn lambs. However, despite several positive reports, different barriers still occur in the field
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for the use of additives in animal production. Several results are found, often justified by the
animal condition, selection and viability of product strains. Future studies are needed to elucidate
the best form of administration and applicability, especially for animals adapted to the tropical
climate, with lack rainfall and feeds of low nutritional value.
ALTERNATIVAS SUSTENTÁVEIS NA PRODUÇÃO DE SUÍNOS
Authors: Maria Fonseca da Silva Helena , Paula Cardoso Gomide Ana , Rudolfo Heinemann Rogério , Carla Moreira Ana , Evangelista Cardoso Robson , Ribeiro de Almeida Fábio , de Oliveira Amaral Nikolas , Gomes de Morais Amaral Letícia
Published: September 2018

The use of corn, rice and soybean co-products is an alternative to a production with greater
sustainability and better economic viability. An alternative proposes the use of isolated enzymes,
or complexes of enzymes, and with the use of these enzymes in the diet that there are ingredients
that are co-products, it is supposed to improve the digestibility and reduce the emission of
pollutants present in the swine feces.
Industrial swine farming, characterized by containment systems with large population densities,
results in the production and accumulation of large amounts of residues in pig farms that,
inadequately managed, have come to be considered as one of the main polluting sources.
However, there are now several ways to reuse these wastes in a sustainable way. Examples are:
decantation basins and the use of biodigesters, being this second option with a great cost benefit
for the pig farmer. In view of the above, this review aims to address sustainable practices that are
an option for pig producers to provide an economically viable and ecologically correct product
AVALIAÇÃO SENSORIAL DO MEL DE CINCO DIFERENTES ORIGENS FLORAIS
Authors: Matias Pinto Vilson , Castro Cunha Gabriella , Valéria Sousa Costa de Lima Alexsandra , Ramatiz Lima dos Santos Márcio
Published: September 2018

The objective was to know the profile of the consumer and to evaluate the acceptance, intention
of purchase and preference of the honey of five different floral origins. The attributes acceptance
tests (aroma, taste, appearance, viscosity, overall impression) were evaluated using a structured
nine-point scale and those with a five-point structured scale. The results of the consumer profile
were evaluated in percentage. The results of acceptance and intention to purchase were
submitted to analysis of variance and the differences of the means compared by Tukey test at the
level of 5% of significance. The order-preference results were analyzed using the Friedman test.
The majority of the tasters: are female (59%); Consumes honey (79%); Does not know how to
differentiate traditional honey from organic (64%); Buy organic honey (89%); Knows (67%),
consumes (75%) and will buy (78%) honey from the local producer; Prefers to buy (67%) and
consume (72%) honey with seal of the Federal Inspection Service. Most consumers are
knowledgeable about honey, but do not usually read product labels. Regardless of the flowering
type, all honey samples had a good acceptance (7.04 to 7.86) for all parameters evaluated and
good intention to buy (3.76 to 4.14). Honey from wildflowers was more preferred when compared
to orange blossom, sertão and grapevine. Regardless of the type of flowering, all the samples had
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an acceptability index (IA) above 70%. Therefore all samples will be accepted by the consumer
public.
PERSPECTIVAS DE GÊNERO NOS ESTUDOS DA RELIGIÃO: contribuições das ciências feministas
Authors: Freire Ana Ester Pádua
Published: September 2018

Desde o século XX, o feminismo tem proposto diferentes abordagens ao fazer científico. As ressignificações que o feminismo imputa à ciência passam por uma crítica feminista das noções de sujeito e de objeto de estudo. Nesse sentido, seria possível pensar nas contribuições das ciências feministas ao estudo do fenômeno religioso, afinal, o gênero feminino presente nas religiões impulsiona mudanças, pois as mulheres estão abertas aos novos referenciais que a história e a vida sugerem. Apresentando possíveis relações entre o feminismo e a ciência, o presente artigo propõe uma epistemologia feminista que contribua para o estudo das Ciências da Religião, pois ao lançarem mão do referencial teórico feminista, essas resgatam as mulheres de sua invisibilidade, interpretando-as a partir do concreto de sua existência.
FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES E DIVERSIDADE CULTURAL RELIGIOSA: LICENCIATURAS EM FOCO
Authors: Martins Filho Lourival José
Published: September 2018

artigo é parte das reflexões de um projeto investigativo vinculado ao grupo de pesquisa denominado Didática e Formação Docente, da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC) – Brasil, o qual objetiva realizar pesquisas relacionadas à diversidade cultural religiosa a fim de contribuir para o desenvolvimento de práticas curriculares e processos de formação docente que estimulem o acolhimento, o respeito, o convívio e o reconhecimento dos diferentes e das diferenças. Neste trabalho, analisa-se a inclusão/exclusão da temática diversidade cultural religiosa nos cursos de licenciatura do estado de Santa Catarina, por meio do mapeamento das matrizes curriculares presentes nos websites das universidades catarinenses. A abordagem metodológica quali-quantitativa, de cunho bibliográfico e documental, ciente do rigor acadêmico, busca o confronto entre os dados, as evidências, as informações coletadas e o conhecimento teórico já sistematizado na área. Entre as principais considerações destaca-se a ausência da discussão da diversidade religiosa na maioria dos cursos de formação de professores em Santa Catarina. Espera-se com a socialização dos resultados, contribuir para a formação inicial e continuada dos professores e professoras da Educação Básica no Brasil a partir de uma abordagem pedagógica que estuda, pesquisa e reflete a diversidade cultural religiosa brasileira, vedadas quaisquer formas de proselitismos.
Desafios das epistemologias decoloniais e do paradigma ecológico para os Estudos de Religião
Authors: Baptista Paulo Agostinho Nogueira
Published: September 2018

Este artigo foi produzido no contexto do V Colóquio do Grupo de Pesquisa Religião e Cultura, do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Religião da PUC Minas, em outubro de 2017, que tratou do tema “A epistemologia das Ciências da Religião: pressupostos, questões e desafios”. Discutiu-se numa das mesas-redondas, os desafios das “Epistemologia pós-coloniais e os Estudos de Religião”. A partir de pesquisa bibliográfica, este texto começa por tratar de questões básicas da epistemologia e a seguir apresenta, de forma panorâmica, o paradigma ecológico e as origens e ideias principais das teorias críticas pós-coloniais: o pensamento pós-colonial, os estudos subalternos, o pensamento descolonial e decolonial. As conclusões apontam que os Estudos de Religião têm muito a ganhar com essas epistemologias críticas e podem exercitar de modo criativo formas diversificadas e coletivas de fazer ciência, enfrentando, através da qualidade de suas produções, a desconfiança que outras áreas têm sobre as “Ciências da Religião”. E, por ser multidisciplinar e estar em processo de construção epistemológica, devem entrar no debate duro da teoria da ciência. E, pela própria natureza de sua área, deve considerar o diálogo com os saberes religiosos, reconhecendo-lhes a dignidade de conhecimento, contribuindo para ecologizar e descolonizar ciências e saberes.
Fighting for France
Authors: Millington Chris
Published: September 2018

Fighting for France is the first book to examine the violent confrontations between political groups in interwar France. A range of groups at the political extremes employed physical aggression against their enemies and threatened to bring about the violent demise of the democratic regime. The scale of confrontations ranged from encounters between individuals to large clashes involving hundreds of activists. Until now, historians have denied and downplayed the frequency and seriousness of French political violence in favour of an interpretation that emphasises France's weddedness to democracy. Fighting for France demonstrates that the democratic culture of the late Third Republic co-existed with a culture of violence in which the physical punishment of rivals and opponents was considered acceptable. Drawing on the narratives constructed around outbreaks of violence, the book reconstructs the lived experience of fighting and the sense that contemporaries made of conflict. It examines violence in a variety of settings, from the street to the factory floor. A range of actors come under investigation, including fascists, communists, and the police. Fighting for France forces us to reconsider the place of political violence in a democratic society. It transforms our understandings of the course of interwar France and Europe.
Current status of simulation training in plastic surgery residency programs: A review
Authors: Thomson Jennifer E. , Poudrier Grace , Stranix John T. , Motosko Catherine C. , Hazen Alexes
Published: September 2018

Increased emphasis on competency-based learning modules and widespread departure from traditional models of Halstedian apprenticeship have made surgical simulation an increasingly appealing component of medical education. Surgical simulators are available in numerous modalities, including virtual, synthetic, animal, and non-living models. The ideal surgical simulator would facilitate the acquisition and refinement of surgical skills prior to clinical application, by mimicking the size, color, texture, recoil, and environment of the operating room. Simulation training has proven helpful for advancing specific surgical skills and techniques, aiding in early and late resident learning curves. In this review, the current applications and potential benefits of incorporating simulation-based surgical training into residency curriculum are explored in depth, specifically in the context of plastic surgery. Despite the prevalence of simulation-based training models, there is a paucity of research on integration into resident programs. Current curriculums emphasize the ability to identify anatomical landmarks and procedural steps through virtual simulation. Although transfer of these skills to the operating room is promising, careful attention must be paid to mastery versus memorization. In the authors’ opinions, curriculums should involve step-wise employment of diverse models in different stages of training to assess milestones. To date, the simulation of tactile experience that is reminiscent of real-time clinical scenarios remains challenging, and a sophisticated model has yet to be established.
A novel technique for large and ptotic breast reconstruction using a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap set at the posterior aspect, combined with a silicone implant, following tissue expander surgery
Authors: Ishii Naohiro , Ando Jiro , Shimizu Yusuke , Kishi Kazuo
Published: September 2018

Large and ptotic breast reconstruction in patients who are not candidates for a transverse rectus abdominalis myocutaneous flap and revision surgery for the contralateral breast remains challenging. We developed a novel breast reconstruction technique using a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous (LD m-c) flap set at the posterior aspect of the reconstructed breast, combined with an anatomical silicone breast implant (SBI), following tissue expander surgery. We performed the proposed technique in four patients, in whom the weight of the resected tissue during mastectomy was >500 g and the depth of the inframammary fold (IMF) was >3 cm. After over-expansion of the lower portion of the skin envelope by a tissue expander, the LD m-c flap was transferred to cover the lower portion of the breast defect and to achieve a ptotic contour, with the skin paddle set at the posterior aspect of the reconstructed breast. An SBI was then placed in the rest of the breast defect after setting the LD m-c flap. No major complications were observed during the follow-up period. The proposed technique resulted in symmetrical and aesthetically satisfactory breasts with deep IMFs, which allowed proper fitting of the brassiere, following large and ptotic breast reconstruction.
Volar plate avulsion fracture alone or concomitant with collateral ligament rupture of the proximal interphalangeal joint: A comparison of surgical outcomes
Authors: Kim Yong Woo , Roh Si Young , Kim Jin Soo , Lee Dong Chul , Lee Kyung Jin
Published: September 2018

Background Volar plate avulsion fracture of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint is one of the most common hand injuries. In this study, we divided patients into two groups: patients with pure volar plate avulsion fracture, and patients with volar plate avulsion fracture concomitant with collateral ligament rupture. The purpose of this study was to compare long-term surgical outcomes between the two groups. As a secondary measure, the Mitek bone anchoring and polydioxanone (PDS) bone suturing techniques were compared.

Methods A single-institutional retrospective review of the surgical treatment of volar plate avulsion fracture was performed. The cases were divided into those with pure volar plate avulsion fracture (group A, n=15) and those with volar plate avulsion fracture concomitant with collateral ligament rupture (group B, n=15). Both groups underwent volar plate reattachment using Mitek bone anchoring or PDS bone suturing followed by 2 weeks of immobilization in a dorsal protective splint.

Results The average range of motion of the PIP joint and extension lag were significantly more favorable in group A (P<0.05). Differences in age; follow-up period; flexion function; visual analog scale scores; disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand scores; and the grip strength ratio between the two groups were non-significant. No significant differences were found in the surgical outcomes of Mitek bone anchoring and PDS bone suturing in group A.

Conclusions Overall, the surgical outcomes of volar plate reattachment were successful irrespective of whether the collateral ligaments were torn. However, greater extension lag was observed in cases of collateral ligament injury.
Relaciones internacionales y procesos de paz. Proyecciones sobre escenarios
Authors: Pardo García-Peña Rodrigo
Published: September 2018

In this article the Colombian peace process is analyzed in light of the influence exerted by diverse international factors. The author takes into account the postures adopted by the United States, Europe and neighboring countries, while elaborating a series of foreign policy directives designed to create a more positive insertion of Colombia into the international context. Subsequently, possible future scenarios for the peace process are proposed, based upon other regional experiences.
Estado, élites y contrainsurgencia: una comparación preliminar entre Colombia y Perú
Authors: Mauceri Philip
Published: September 2018

In this article the author compares insurgency violence in Colombia and Perú. Having identified a shared trait, state weakness, the distinct strategies employed in the two countries to combat armed movements are evaluated. Based upon a conceptual analysis of the characteristics of the state in both cases, the author argües that the difference between the configuration of socio-economic élites and their relationship wiih the state in each country explains the distinctions between the counterinsurgency models of socio-centric “privatization” (adopted in Colombia) and state-centric “authoritarianism” (in Perú). The comparative study of these strategies illustrates that both represented enormous costs for the respective societies in these countries and were not accompanied by transformations in their respectiv political structures, designed to assure the stability and preservation of the democratic system.
Regionalismo e identidades colectivas: la experiencia europea
Authors: Risse Thomas
Published: September 2018

This article analyzes the ways in which current integration processes within the European Union influence the formation ofidentities in Germany, Great Britain and Trance. Following a histórica! discussion of identity formation processes in each country, the author argües that European integration exercises distinct types of influences upon collective identities in the three nations, in the sense that “Europeaness” is absorbed and interiorized in different ways. Although the article condudes that supranational and national identities can coexist,given that strong linkages are apparent between the two, competition between distinct levéis of identity also constitutes a challenge to thefurther deepening of regional integration.
Administrando la adversidad: respuestas empresariales al conflicto colombiano
Authors: Rettberg Angelika
Published: September 2018

Analyses of Colombia's internal conflict have focused upon armed actors, the state, the political and economic implications ofthe war, and its international projection, while prívate actors and non-combatants have received scant attention. This article not only refers to the behavior ofthe prívate sector and the ways in which it has been affected by the conflict, but also discusses this sector as a definitive agent of conflict resolution. However, the author also highlights the heterogeneity of both the prívate sector and its reactions to conflict, leading her to discuss the dijficulties of conceptualizing il as a unitary, proactive participant in the construction of peace.
Crisis, inflexión y reforma del sistema de partidos en Bolivia
Authors: Calderón Fernando , Gamarra Eduardo
Published: September 2018

In this article the authors evaluate the multi-party system in Bolivia in order to identify its evolution, limits, achievements and failures. Following this analysis, a strategy for strengthening the party system is elaborated upon, including changes in the representation system, pacts, deliberative processes, political opening and modernization, and the formulation of policies designed to satisfy social demands.
Cambio en el sistema de partidos post-autoritario: ¿un proceso impulsado desde “arriba” o desde “abajo”?
Authors: Sáenz Margarita María , Carvajal Sardi Isabel , Del Castillo Juliana , Vélez Cristina
Published: September 2018

This article explores those factors that produce change in the party-system, making use of theories concerning social cleavage and political agency that consider political repression and elite dynamics as independent variables. The authors examine three cases of authoritarianism in Latin America, Argentina, Brasil and Chile, to determine whether or not regime change is produced from above (via political elites) or below (via society).
Aspectos económicos del vivir transnacional
Authors: Eduardo Guarnizo Luis
Published: September 2018

The economic relations of migrants with their home countries have been the object of significant, albeit fragmented, multidisciplinary research. However, the majority of studies have been concerned primarily with the north-south flow of economic remittances that migrants send to their places of origin. This article, making use of a transnational perspective informed by the principles of economic sociology, argues that the north-south focus on monetary transfers is extremely limited, given that it fails to consider the multiple macroeconomic effects of migrants’ economic and non-economic transnational connections, underestimating migrant activities and their influence at the global level. The author uses the concept of transnational living to present a new framework for understanding transnational migration that challenges accepted notions concerning the relation between labor and capital mobility.
La crisis colombiana y Perú
Authors: Rojas-Pérez Isaías
Published: September 2018

This article analyzes Peruvian foreign and security policies regarding the Colombian conflict in the context of the discourses on securitization emerging in the region in the late twentieth century. Specifically, it compares the governments of Fujimori and Toledo to argue that, in spite of their differences in political genealogy (authoritarian and democratic, respectively), both governments have responded to the Colombian crisis in similar ways by following U.S. security discourses regarding the “war on drugs” and the “global war on terrorism”. However, while Fujimori attempted to mobilize the Colombian conflict as part of his strategy to remain in power for an unconstitutional third term, Toledo has used it to assure the survival of his constitutional mandate.
¿A las puertas de un TLC, o más lejos que nunca?
Authors: Falconí Benítez Fander
Published: September 2018

This article offers a series of reflections concerning the repercussions and implications of the FTA in the specific case of Ecuador. In particular, the author sustains that the agreement cannot be considered simply in terms of trade and that it should be reevaluated in relation to its potential implications for Ecuadorian society as a whole. Within this framework, the text explores the international conditions that have surrounded the negotiation process in order to assess its effects in Ecuador. The author concludes that under the current conditions characterizing the FTA negotiations, the risks of signing the agreement are much greater that the potential benefits of doing so.
El TLC y la seguridad en Colombia
Authors: Mason Ann C.
Published: September 2018

The negotiation of a Free Trade Agreement between Colombia and the United States has led to discussions of the negative consequences that such an accord might have for Colombian security in the event that the rural economy is further weakened. Although the relation between deteriorating economic conditions in the countryside and a worsened security environment is easy to establish, establishing a link between agricultural development and improved security is not as simple. This article suggests that a FTA that spurs rural economic development could improve Colombia’s security situation, but it could also have the unexpected effect of increasing security by providing resources to illegal armed groups. The author argues that in order for economic development to have a positive effect upon the security issue, it should be complemented with the development of private and public institutions, and adequate guarantees of public order on the part of the state.
International Political Economy: the state of the art
Authors: Leiteritz Ralf J.
Published: September 2018

The author provides an overview about the field of international political economy (IPE) along metatheoretical lines. The IPE communities in the United States and Western Europe exhibit more differences than commonalities in their ontological, epistemological and methodological assumptions. While the U.S. perspective is solidly based on a materialist ontology, methodological individualism, and neopositivism as its epistemological foundation, the European IPE community is considerably more heterogeneous in its theoretical, epistemological and methodological approaches. The article ends with a view towards the future introducing three possible scenarios for the IPE sub-discipline.
La construcción de la nación: debates disciplinares y dominación simbólica
Authors: Bolívar Ingrid Johanna
Published: September 2018

The objective of this article is to examine a series of issues related to contemporary research about the nation. The text is divided into four sections. The first section reviews two types of prevalent questions about the nation. Second, the debate about the relationship between elites and subalterns in the construction of this kind of political community and the methodological problems it entails is discussed. Third, a series of authors are analyzed to illustrate that nation building implies a specific type of political domination. The fourth and final section illustrates the relationship that exists between nation building and emotional repertories.
Prólogo a la llamada ‘investigación cualitativa’ en ciencias sociales
Authors: Masías Núñez Rodolfo
Published: September 2018

This article offers a panoramic view of what it is commonly known in the social sciences as “qualitative research”. It could well be considered an introduction, as it simply poses questions and points to areas of future research. The text begins with a general discussion on the meaning of qualitative research, based upon the concept of paradigm, and analyzes its genesis and the reason of its expansion in the last two decades of the twentieth century. The author affirms that it is a difficult and conflicting expansion and, that its legitimacy is far from assured: opposition to this approach, in particular by academic positivism, continues to present a difficult barrier to overcome, despite contemporary voices of integration or dialogue. Subsequently, the article discusses qualitative analysis’ epistemological status and the elements that distinguish it from other conceptions of research. The paper concludes with an interpretative proposal that differs from this entire intellectual project in the social sciences: making use of Bourdieu, it opens a path to analyzing this phenomenon more as the product of games within a social field than as an exclusively epistemological rebellion.
La emergencia de una (nueva) lógica de seguridad política
Authors: Felipe Moreno Juan
Published: September 2018

This article explores a series of recent theoretical contributions on the topic of security. Currently, the implementation of practices, processes and political rationalities that aim to administer, regulate and decide over human life, prove to be a constitutive part of the exercise of the political in all of its forms. Taking as a point of departure, the works of philosophers Michel Foucault and Giorgio Agamben within the field of so-called biopolitics, this article briefly reviews some recent publications dealing with current security matters such as the configuration of spaces of exception (detention centers, special economic zones, tourist resorts and refugee camps) and the implementation of biopolitical techniques and technologies in the treatment of issues such as immigration processes and pandemics. The article ends with some reflections on the implicit logic within this model of security.
El movimiento doble: actores insiders y outsiders en la emergencia de una sociedad civil transnacional en las Amáricas
Authors: Smith William C. , Patricio Korzeniewicz Roberto
Published: September 2018

The Summit process in the Americas and the complex negotiations around the FTAA are specific manifestations, at a regional level, of broader transformations in the international politics and the world-economy. But in a “double movement,” the global expansion of markets has simultaneously generated pressures that seek a social and political regulation of those markets. Thus, regional networks and coalitions and, in some cases, transnational social movements, have acquired the capacity to deploy, sometimes simultaneously and sometimes sequentially, strategies that range from collaboration and participation in existing institutional arrangements (strategy that we characterize as “insider”), to opposition and contestation of the central forces and logic of globalization (strategy that we characterize as “outsider”). We argue that the equilibrium between these two strategies has been recently altered by shifts in the structure of political opportunities in the region.
Referéndum y Asamblea Constituyente: autonomías departamentales en Bolivia
Authors: Mayorga Ugarte Fernando
Published: September 2018

On 2 July 2006, Boliva held a national referendum about departamental autonomy as part of the process of state decentralization and as an institutional response to the dire political and social crisis. The inclusion in the constitution of figures such as referendum, constitutional assembly and citizen legislative initiation was the response to the social demands and unrest given under the framework of semidirect democracy which allowed for an institutional solution to them. Even though the law that called for the referendum defines its national character, in several articles it states that a regime of departamental autonomy will apply immediately after the new Constitution is ratified in those departments where the referendum question was approved by a simple majority of the vote. This dual interpretation with regards to the mandatory nature of the results – at the national or the departamental level – is added to the debate about the nature of the autonomies. The party of the government, whose position won in the referendum and won a majority of the constitutional assembly, sketches a proposal that includes different versions of autonomy – indigenous, regional, provincial, cantonal, communal – that run counter, in some instances, to the departamental autonomies. In sum, the referendum on departamental autonomy, far from solving the problem, has transfered it to the constitutional assembly which puts at risk the democratic legitimacy of its decisions given that the new constitution must answer the demands of diverse political and social actors. Aside from these dynamics, this experience of citizen participation in the decisiom-making process is an example of the positive impact of an institutional reform in the strengthening of the democratic legitimacy and the efficacy of political institutions.
Intervención por invitación. Claves de la política exterior colombiana y de sus debilidades principales
Authors: Tickner Arlene B.
Published: September 2018

This article develops the thesis that the internationalization of the Colombian armed conflict has been carried out using a strategy denominated “intervention by invitation”, by which the governments of Andrés Pastrana and Álvaro Uribe intensified Colombia’s association with the United States and requested greater involvement by that country in domestic affairs related to counternarcotics and counterinsurgency. The author discusses a series of conceptual frameworks that allow her to situate this strategy, following which she examines the evolution of Colombian foreign policy during the two periods identified.
El proceso de negociación del TLC entre Colombia y Estados Unidos
Authors: Silva Laura Cristina
Published: September 2018

This article explores the negotiation process of the Free Trade Agreement between Colombia and the USA. It analyzes the actions and tactics developed by the actors (members of the Government and the Congress, entrepreneurs, civil society), as well as the political context, in order to identify the Colombian negotiation strategy and study its effectiveness. This means evaluating how well the government manage to reconcile the negotiation with the counterpart and with the domestic actors. The conclusion shows that, although President Alvaro Uribe got enough support from Colombian Congress and entrepreneurs, his diplomatic strategy was not efficient because it ignored not only the USA domestic policy, but also Ecuador’s and Peru’s. The analysis is supported on the “two-level games” model, which explains the connections between domestic policy and diplomacy in international negotiations.
Violent Paths to Peace? Rethinking the Conflict-Development Nexus in Colombia
Authors: Elhawary Samir
Published: September 2018

International aid in conflict-affected countries is based on the liberal assumption that an inverse relationship exists between violent conflict and development. This paper contests this assumption through a study of the Colombian context that demonstrates violent conflict and development can in fact be interconnected as part of the transition to capitalist modes of production and in the process of state formation. It further argues that a failure by aid agencies to comprehend the complex interaction between conflict and development can result in distorted outcomes in their programming that are detrimental to the stated objectives of achieving peace, development, and justice.
Imperialismo, capitalismo e burguesia. Revisitando as contribuições teóricas de Joseph Schumpeter e Hannah Arendt
Authors: Gomes Barbosa Glaudionor
Published: September 2018

The article has as its main motivation and justification the proposition that the analyses about imperialism are still relevant at the present time and they need to occupy, with more frequency, the social scientists’ calendar. To this end, the objective of the work is to discuss the approaches to imperialism of Schumpeter and Hannah Arendt. I use the comparative method, in the sense of seeking the most important elements of each focus, and comparing them. It is a treatment of the theoretical and bibliographical research based on the authors’ own intellectual work, thus avoiding the commentators’ points of view. When looking to understand his object, the work did not just try to compare the theories of Schumpeter and Arendt, but it makes an attempt to turn to the historical concept, bringing to the surface important contributions such as those of Hobson (1985 [1894]), Luxemburg (1976 [1913]), Lenin (2007 [1916]) and Magdoff (1978 [1969]). The primary results obtained are that Schumpeter’s theories do not possess historical nor factual substantiation, while those of Arendt, do not explain the phenomenon separately, but they do contribute in a robust way to the understanding of some of their aspects.
La crítica de arte en Colombia: los primeros años
Authors: Quinche Ramírez Víctor Alberto
Published: September 2018

This article explores some of the first examples of art criticism in Colombia. It traces the most relevant linguistic characteristics of art criticism, and shows that, in the second half of the 19th century, Colombia’s first critics established a standard procedure by which to critique art. By reconstructing the polemics of 1886 and 1899, the article suggests that art critics shared a set of expectations about art that were silenced when Andrés de Santa María organized, for the first time in the country, an exhibition of modern work. The article’s thesis is that critics were forced to broaden their understanding of art in order to read this new type of work. Even if this process was gradual, it points to the need to reevaluate how criticism was practiced at the time, since it has been judged as superficial and anecdotal, and therefore, of little interest. This article takes the opposing position, arguing for the need to reexamine the roots of the tradition of art criticism in Colombia in order to avoid hasty readings and erroneous perceptions of our history.
Percepción y patrones de uso de la fauna silvestre por las comunidades indígenas Embera-Katíos en la cuenca del río San Jorge, zona amortiguadora del PNN-Paramillo
Authors: Racero-Casarrubia Javier Alfonso , Vidal Carlos C. , Ruiz Óscar D. , Ballesteros C. Jesús
Published: September 2018

In workshops with four indigenous communities in the Embera-Katíos communal lands (resguardo), located in the upper San Jorge River Valley (Tres Playitas, Las Piedras, Boca San Cipriano, San Juan Medio), information about the wild fauna that they recognized inside their hunting grounds was collected. Mammals, reptiles, and birds, especially the Psittacidae family, are the vertebrates most used by the indigenous communities. No kind of use was found for amphibians. The consumption of reptiles such as Iguana iguana, Tupinambis teguixin, Caiman crocodylus fuscus, and Crocodylus acutus show them to be an important part of their culture. The indigenous communities associate environmental problems with habitat destruction due to the cultivation of illicit crops and forest clearing in the buffer zone around Paramillo National Park.
Ezrin enrichment on curved membranes requires a specific conformation or interaction with a curvature-sensitive partner
Authors: Tsai Feng-Ching , Bertin Aurelie , Bousquet Hugo , Manzi John , Senju Yosuke , Tsai Meng-Chen , Picas Laura , Miserey-Lenkei Stephanie , Lappalainen Pekka , Lemichez Emmanuel , Coudrier Evelyne , Bassereau Patricia
Published: September 2018

One challenge in cell biology is to decipher the biophysical mechanisms governing protein enrichment on curved membranes and the resulting membrane deformation. The ERM protein ezrin is abundant and associated with cellular membranes that are flat, positively or negatively curved. Using in vitro and cell biology approaches, we assess mechanisms of ezrin’s enrichment on curved membranes. We evidence that wild-type ezrin (ezrinWT) and its phosphomimetic mutant T567D (ezrinTD) do not deform membranes but self-assemble anti-parallelly, zipping adjacent membranes. EzrinTD’s specific conformation reduces intermolecular interactions, allows binding to actin filaments, which reduces membrane tethering, and promotes ezrin binding to positively-curved membranes. While neither ezrinTD nor ezrinWT senses negative curvature alone, we demonstrate that interacting with curvature-sensing I-BAR-domain proteins facilitates ezrin enrichment in negatively-curved membrane protrusions. Overall, our work demonstrates that ezrin can tether membranes, or be targeted to curved membranes, depending on conformations and interactions with actin and curvature-sensing binding partners.
Gap analysis and implications for seasonal management on a local scale
Authors: Yang Li , Zhang Baofeng , Wang Xinrui , Ren Yueheng , Chen Jinlin , Zhang Chao , Xia Yongpeng , Li Yuankun , Sun Jianguo , Guo Jiangang , Wang Weijia , Luan XiaoFeng
Published: September 2018

Background

Identifying biodiversity hotspots on a local scale, using multiple data sources, and ecological niche modeling, has the potential to contribute to more effective nature reserve management.

Methods

In this study, we used infrared-triggered camera trapping, field surveys, and interviews to create a dataset on the distribution of species (mammals and birds) in Hebei Wulingshan Nature Reserve (Hebei Province, China).

Results

We identified 101 species (14 orders, 38 families), 64 of which (2,142 effective records) were selected for environmental niche modeling. All results were reclassified into three groups: “priority areas” (areas including the potential distributions of over 80% of species), “important areas” (those with 50% of species), and “normal areas” (all other areas). Our results show that priority areas (1.31–1.82 km2) and important areas (7.73–21.44 km2) for conservation were mainly covered by the core and experimental zones of the reserve; additionally, a kilometer-wide margin around the outside of the nature reserve seems to be important to maintaining biodiversity.

Discussion

We close by suggesting some actions for enhancing conservation of biodiversity in the reserve, including monitoring, strengthen law enforcements, introducing popular science, and co-operating with local people.
ГРАНИТНЫЕ ОСТРОВНЫЕ ГОРЫ: МОРФОЛОГИЯ, ТЕКТОНИЧЕСКАЯ СТРУКТУРА И ГЕНЕЗИС, "Геоморфология"
Authors: Леонов М.Г. , Пржиялговский Е.С. , Лаврушина Е.В. , Никитин А.В.
Published: September 2018

После вхождения в состав консолидированной коры гранитные тела не остаются ее пассивными составляющими, а выдвигаются в верхние горизонты, образуя разобщенные кряжи или группы возвышенностей, часто в окружении более устойчивых к выветриванию комплексов. Геологические и геоморфологические наблюдения свидетельствуют, что подъем происходил импульсно и продолжается на неотектоническом этапе, опережая денудационные процессы. Внутреннее строение островных гор Северного Тянь-Шаня, Забайкалья и Монголии свидетельствует об интенсивной постмагматической структурной переработке гранитов, приведшей к их полной или частичной объемной дезинтеграции на макро-, мезо- и микро- уровнях. Эта особенность структуры эксгумированных массивов является ключевым моментом при рассмотрении возможных механизмов постмагматического выдвижения гранитных масс в верхние горизонты коры и образования положительных форм рельефа. Переход горных пород в дискретное (гранулированное) состояние приводит к понижению их эффективной вязкости, уменьшает сопротивление сдвигу, что вызывает объемную подвижность масс и их течение. В условиях вязкостной инверсии происходит пространственное перераспределение горных пород: они “перетекают” и выжимаются в области относительной декомпрессии, в частности, к дневной поверхности - в направлении меньшего литостатического давления.