bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A deep learning method for multi-task intelligent detection of oral cancer based on optical fiber Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Li Lianyu , Yu Mingxin , Li Xing , Ma Xinsong , Zhu Lianqing , Zhang Tao
Published: February 2024

Oral cancer Raman spectrum multi-task intelligent acquisition system.
Global geometry of chemical graph neural network representations in terms of chemical moieties
Authors: El-Samman Amer Marwan , Husain Incé Amina , Huynh Mai , De Castro Stefano , Morton Brooke , De Baerdemacker Stijn
Published: February 2024

The embedding vectors from a Graph Neural Network trained on quantum chemical data allow for a global geometric space with a Euclidean distance metric. Moieties that are close in chemical sense, are also close in Euclidean sense.
Redistributing zinc-ion flux by work function chemistry toward stabilized and durable Zn metal batteries
Authors: Hu Qiang , Hu Jisong , Ma Fei , Liu Yunbo , Xu Lincai , Li Lei , Zhang Songtao , Liu Xingquan , Zhao Jingxin , Pang Huan
Published: February 2024

A multifunctional NbN-modified separator and an innovative work function chemistry strategy are designed to enhance the durability of ZMBs.
Modulatory effects of fermentedPolygonatum cyrtonemaHua on immune homeostasis and gut integrity in a dextran-sulfate-sodium-induced colitis model
Authors: Li Tao , Yu Fengyao , Zhang Tao , Wang Xiaoya , Sun Yong , Shuai Gexia , Chen Yuhuan , Xue Yanhua , Zhang Jinlian , Zhang Hua
Published: February 2024

The gut health-promoting properties of saponin-richPolygonatum cyrtonemaHua (FP) fermented withLactobacillus plantarumP9 were explored in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model.
Preparation of preceramic ferrocene-modified microparticles for the development of uniform porous iron oxide particles and their sustainable recycling
Authors: Schmitt Deborah , Janka Oliver , Leiner Regina , Kickelbick Guido , Gallei Markus
Published: February 2024

The design of (poly)ferrocene-based microparticle precursors for the preparation of tailored iron oxide microceramics is described. These preceramic materials can be adjusted for various electrochemical applications and separation technologies.
Metal-assisted core–shell plasmonic nanoparticles for small molecule biothiol analysis and enantioselective recognition
Authors: Zeng Meihuang , Chen Linmin , Hou Xiaocong , Jin Jingwen , Yao Qiuhong , Ye Tingxiu , Guo Zhiyong , Chen Xiaomei , Chen Xi
Published: February 2024

We present a metal ion-assisted surface-enhanced Raman scattering biosensor based on an amphiphilic polymer matrix (APM) for rapid and accurate identification of cysteine enantiomers (l/d-Cys) in various food samples.
Synthesis of the full-length hepatitis B virus core protein and its capsid formation
Authors: Aoki Keisuke , Tsuda Shugo , Ogata Naoko , Kataoka Michiyo , Sasaki Jumpei , Inuki Shinsuke , Ohno Hiroaki , Watashi Koichi , Yoshiya Taku , Oishi Shinya
Published: February 2024

Protocols for chemical synthesis and in vitro assembly of the hepatitis B virus full-length core protein (Cp183) were investigated.
Porous organic polymers incorporating BODIPY moieties for efficient removal of organic dyes from aqueous solutions
Authors: Guo Lihua , Huo Qiming , Feng Shengyu , Wang Dengxu , Liu Hongzhi
Published: February 2024

The incorporation of BODIPY units into porous frameworks enhances the materials’ ability to efficiently adsorb organic dyes from aqueous solutions.
Transformation of poly(l-lactide) crystals composed of linear chains into crystals composed of cycles
Authors: Weidner Steffen M. , Meyer Andreas , Kricheldorf Hans R.
Published: February 2024

A poly(l-lactide) with a trifluoro ethyl ester end group and an average degree of polymerization (DP) of 50 was synthesized by ROP of l-lactide initiated with trifluoroethanol.
Terbium based (poly)ionic liquids for anti-counterfeiting and droplet manipulation
Authors: Cui Xinhang , Zhu Kongying , Yuan Xiaoyan , Liu Ziming , Ren Lixia
Published: February 2024

A magnetic ionic liquid and magnetic poly(ionic liquid) with Tb(NO3)4− as counteranions are prepared. The resulting M(P)ILs show magnetic and luminescent properties, which are used in droplet manipulation and anti-counterfeiting application.
Study on the association and phase separation behavior of surfactants and promethazine hydrochloride: impact of ammonium electrolytes
Authors: Shah Afzal Hossain , Islam S. M. Rafiul , Albaqami Munirah D. , Hasan Tajmul , Kumar Dileep , Wabaidur Saikh Mohammad , Ansari Mohd Zahid , Hoque Md. Anamul , Islam D. M. Shafiqul , Kabir Mahbub
Published: February 2024

Representative plot of CMC of the TTAB + PMH (3 mmol kg−1) system vs. ammonium salt contents at 303.15 K.
MgFe2O4@Tris magnetic nanoparticles: an effective and powerful catalyst for one-pot synthesis of pyrazolopyranopyrimidine and tetrahydrodipyrazolopyridine derivatives
Authors: Ramezaninejad Zahra , Shiri Lotfi
Published: February 2024

The preparation of pyrazolopyranopyrimidine and tetrahydrodipyrazolopyridine derivatives in the presence of MgFe2O4@Tris nanoparticles as an innovative catalyst in water and at room temperature has been reported.
Determination of trace morphine and its metabolites in mouse urine using a TpBD functionalized bivalve magnetic nano-adsorbent
Authors: Wang Yuancheng , Chen Xin , Qian Wenping , Chen Tianqi , Zhang Shusheng , Zhang Wenfen
Published: February 2024

In this study, a new type of covalent organic framework (TpBD) functionalized bivalved magnetic microsphere (TpBD-DS MNS) adsorbent was applied for the enrichment and detection of trace morphine and its metabolites in mouse urine.
2,4,5-Triaminopyrimidines as blue fluorescent probes for cell viability monitoring: synthesis, photophysical properties, and microscopy applications
Authors: Gonçalves Jorge M. , Gonçalves João N. D. , Sousa Luís F. , Rodrigues Lígia R. , Correia-de-Sá Paulo , Coutinho Paulo J. G. , Castanheira Elisabete M. S. , Oliveira Rui , Dias Alice M.
Published: February 2024

Novel and efficient synthesis of 2,4,5-triaminopyrimidines featuring blue-cyan emission whose biological and computational evaluation highlights cell viability monitoring potential.
ND3$\text{D}^{3}$ QNet: Noisy dueling‐double‐deep q‐network for reconfigurable intelligent surfaces
Authors: Kim Jihyung , Kim Junghyun
Published: February 2024

Low‐cost passive reconfigurable intelligent surfaces that provide coverage expansion in wireless communication networks are facing challenges in phase shift optimization due to limitations in acquiring channel information for sub‐channels. To overcome this, a new approach that improves both the convergence speed and overall performance relative to the existing state‐of‐the‐art scheme is proposed. Experimental results in an environment with a Rician factor of 20 showed a 9.3% increase in the average sum data rate, and the probability of the sum data rate exceeding the threshold of 10 increased by 30%.
„Beim Bauchgefühl geht es vor allem um
Mustererkennung“ – Interview mit Chris Mercer
Authors: Mercer Chris , Richter Michael , Vielitz Arne
Published: February 2024

Der Physiotherapeut Chris Mercer arbeitet in Großbritannien als
„Consultant“ in einer „Spinal Triage Clinic“. Er
diagnostiziert, entscheidet, ob bei Patient*innen Bildgebung oder andere
Tests sinnvoll sind, und überweist zur Physiotherapie oder zur
ärztlichen Sprechstunde. Über die Kompetenzen, die bei dieser
Aufgabe nötig sind, und die Rolle des Bauchgefühls dabei
sprachen mit ihm die MSK-Herausgeber Dr. Michael Richter und Arne Vielitz.
Inflammation, Sepsis, and the Coagulation System
Authors: Kappelmayer János , Debreceni Ildikó Beke , Fejes Zsolt , Nagy Béla
Published: February 2024

Sepsis has been a major health problem for centuries and it is still the leading cause of hospital deaths. Several studies in the past decades have identified numerous biochemical abnormalities in severe cases, and many of these studies provide evidence of the perturbation of the hemostatic system. This can result in complications, such as disseminated intravascular coagulation that can lead to multiorgan failure. Nevertheless, large clinical studies have demonstrated that the simple approach of inhibiting the coagulation processes by any means fails to provide significant improvement in the survival of septic patients. A cause of this failure could be the fact that in sepsis the major clinical problems result not primarily from the presence of the infective agent or enhanced coagulation but from the complex dysregulated systemic host response to pathogens. If this overt reaction is not fully deciphered, appropriate interference is highly unlikely and any improvement by conventional therapeutic interventions would be limited. Cellular activation in sepsis can be targeted by novel approaches like inhibition of the heterotypic cellular interactions of blood cells by targeting surface receptors or posttranscriptional control of the hemostatic system by noncoding ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules. Stable RNA molecules can affect the expression of several proteins. Thus, it can be anticipated that modulation of microRNA production would result in a multitude of effects that may be beneficial in septic cases. Here, we highlight some of the recent diagnostic possibilities and potential novel routes of the dysregulated host response.
Pull-out vs. suture in zone Ia-Ib flexor tendon injuries: clinical
results from a multicentre cohort study
Authors: Keller Nicola , Guidi Marco , Tobler- Ammann Bernadette , Beckmann-Fries Vera , Schrepfer Lorena , Kaempfen Alexandre , Vögelin Esther , Calcagni Maurizio
Published: February 2024

Background Several surgical techniques have been reported for flexor
tendon zone 1a-b lacerations without a clear consensus on the gold standard
treatment. The purpose of this multicentre study was to measure the outcomes of
zone 1a-b flexor tendon injuries treated with a pull-out suture (POS) versus
direct suture (DS) technique.

Patients and Methods Fifteen patients were treated with the pull-out
technique and 22 patients with a direct suture technique between 2014 and 2020.
The controlled active motion (CAM) regimen protocol and a standardised follow-up
schedule were used in both groups. Data on the demographics, surgery, and
treatment characteristics were collected at baseline as well as at week 6 and 13
post-operatively. The primary outcome measurement was the complication rate.
Secondary outcome measurements were reoperation rate, finger range of motion
(ROM), strength as well as patient satisfaction.

Results The patient age ranged from 18 to 75 years in both groups with all
patients having a complete FDP lesion after a clean-cut injury. The complication
rate was 41% in the POS group and 16% in the DS group. The
reoperation rate was 29% in the POS group and 8% in the DS
group. Significant between-group differences in favour of the DS group were
found in the passive DIP and passive PIP+DIP ROM at week 6 and week 13.
Mean hand strength was 28.7 (11.6) kg in the POS group at week 13 and 21.3 (7.9)
kg in the DS group. This difference was statistically significant
(p=0.012) with a medium effect size (r=-0.41). Average patient
satisfaction at week 13 was 7.5 (2.2) points in the POS and 7.7 (1.3) points in
the DS group. The difference between groups was not significant
(p=0.839).

Conclusion This register-based study demonstrates lower complication and
reoperation rates with the direct suture approach compared with a pull-out
button technique. Although clinical results were similar between the two surgery
techniques at week 13 post-surgery, a direct suture approach should always be
attempted whenever possible. If necessary, other local structures should be
included to increase suture strength and allow for early active motion
rehabilitation regimens.
Sequenzieller chimärer Beckenkamm-SIEA-Lappen zur
Rekonstruktion eines osteokutanen Defektes des Unterschenkels und die
Wichtigkeit zur Schonung des Ramus Ascendens – ein
Fallbericht
Authors: Scharfetter Sandra , Russe Elisabeth , Eder Georg , Schwaiger Karl , Puchner Julia Maria , Wechselberger Gottfried
Published: February 2024

Hintergrund Eine etablierte Möglichkeit zur simultanen
Rekonstruktion von Knochen- und Weichteildefekten stellt der frei
vaskularisierte osteokutane Beckenkammspanlappen mit Hautinsel dar, der durch
die Arteria und Vena circumflexa ilium profunda genährt wird. Die
Ausprägung dieser kutanen Perforatoren ist jedoch nicht konstant. Ein
alternative Rekonstruktionstechnik bei fehlenden Hautperforatoren stellt die
Verwendung der sequenziell chimären Lappenplastik dar mit dem Ramus
ascendens als ausschlaggebendem Anschlussgefäß.

Patient und Methode Ein 58-jähriger Mann zog sich bei einem
Lawinenverschüttungstrauma eine offene Tibiafraktur mit ausgedehntem
Weichteil- und Knochendefekt zu. Wir rekonstruierten diesen osteokutanen Defekt
mittels sequenziellem chimären Beckenkamm-SIEA-Lappen.

Ergebnisse Die Schonung des Ramus ascendens der Arteria und Vena
circumflexa ilium profunda ermöglichte uns die Durchführung
eines sequenziell chimären Beckenkamm-SIEA-Lappens.Dieser osteokutane
sequenzielle chimäre Beckenkamm-SIEA-Lappen heilte komplikationslos ein.
Bei unserem Patienten entwickelte sich im Bereich der Entnahmestelle eine
Hernie, die nach chirurgischer Behandlung ohne weitere Auffälligkeiten
abheilte. Der Patient erlangte eine zufriedenstellende Funktion des linken
Unterschenkels und kann erneut alltäglichen und sportlichen
Tätigkeiten nachgehen.

Schlussfolgerung Auf die Schonung des Ramus ascendens sowie die
Gefäße zur Hebung entweder eines konsekutiven SIEA- oder
SCIP-Lappens ist bei der Präparation des osteokutanen
Beckenkammtransplantates zu achten.
Sleep Restfulness in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Undergoing Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy
Authors: Hamada Satoshi , Togawa Jumpei , Sunadome Hironobu , Nagasaki Tadao , Takahashi Naomi , Hirai Toyohiro , Sato Susumu
Published: February 2024

Objective Sleep restfulness is closely associated with mortality. Thus, it is an important sleep-related symptom in the general population. However, it is rarely evaluated in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome. The present study examined the importance of sleep restfulness in patients with OSA receiving continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy.

Materials and Methods We administered sleep-related questionnaires, which included items such as subjective sleep duration and sleep restfulness, to 775 patients with OSA receiving CPAP therapy. Sleep restfulness was rated using a 5-point Likert-type scale, with the score of 5 indicating restfulness. Good adherence to CPAP therapy was defined as the use of CPAP therapy for at least 4 h per night in 70% of nights.

Results We excluded 105 patients with lacking data. Thus, 670 patients were finally examined. In total, 29 (4.3%), 124 (18.5%), 139 (20.8%), 235 (35.1%), and 143 (14.3%) patients answered restless (1), somewhat restless (2), neither (3), somewhat restful (4), and restful (5) respectively. A total of 467 (69.7%) patients had good adherence to CPAP therapy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that sleep restfulness was independently and positively associated with subjective sleep duration (≥ 7 hours) and good adherence to CPAP therapy.

Conclusion Sleep restfulness was associated with subjective sleep duration and good adherence to CPAP therapy in patients with OSA. Favorable outcomes are significantly correlated with good adherence to CPAP therapy. Thus, sleep restfulness can be an indicator of a subtype that has favorable outcomes in patients after CPAP therapy.
The Effect of Pilates on Quality of Sleep, Aerobic Capacity and Anaerobic Power in Premenopausal Women
Authors: Persaki Diamantoula G. , Nieri Alexandra , Apostolidis Nikolaos G. , Konstantinou Evangelos , Myrianthefs Pavlos
Published: February 2024

Pilates is a holistic exercise focused on respiration, body control, and accuracy of movements, and it improves respiratory muscle strength, balance, quality of life, and overall physical performance. However, little is known about the effect of Pilates on sleep quality. The purpose of the present prospective observational study was to evaluate the effect of four months of Pilates training on the quality of sleep, aerobic capacity, and anaerobic power in premenopausal women. The sample consisted of 53 premenopausal women: one experimental group (n = 40) and one control group (n = 13). Participants in the experimental group received at least three one-hour sessions of Pilates exercise per week for 16 weeks. The two groups were similar at baseline. After 4 months of Pilates, the intervention group had significantly lower scores on the Athens Insomnia Scale, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and autonomic arousal index compared to the baseline scores. The intervention group presented significant improvement in aerobic fitness, muscle strength, flexibility, balance, abdominal muscle endurance, as well as in the general health and social functioning subscales of the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Pilates workouts appeared to improve sleep quality in premenopausal women, as well as the basic parameters of fitness and quality of life.
Sleep Characteristics of an International Sample of Adult Gamers
Authors: Lee Kevin J. , Morrell Holly E.R. , Lee Hyo Jin , Van Dyk Tori R.
Published: February 2024

Introduction About 65% of adult Americans report playing video games. Despite potential impacts to functioning, there is limited research on the relationship between video game use and sleep, specifically among adults. The present study expands upon the literature by describing demographic, video game, and sleep characteristics of an international adult sample of gamers.

Methods The participants were 3,481 adults aged 18 to 74 who responded to an online questionnaire about video game use (i.e., quantity of play, most common game type), general sleep characteristics (i.e., sleep onset latency [SOL]; duration, sleep timing, and sleep quality), and gaming-specific sleep disruptors (i.e., game-related night awakenings and sleep delays). Most identified as cisgender male (79.8%) and white (77%).

Results Participants reported an average SOL of 24.63 minutes, and most (64.5%) had a sleep duration from 7 to 9 hours with an overall average of 8.42 hours. Most (58.7%) reported that their sleep quality was fair to very poor. Bed and wake times were generally delayed, with 51% reporting a late evening or early morning bedtime and an average wake time of 8:28 am. A majority (81.2%) indicated that their bedtime was delayed due to game-related activities, but game-related night awakenings were less common.

Conclusion Although many report a sufficient amount of sleep, adult gamers tend to report sleep disruptions in other domains, particularly regarding a delayed sleep schedule and poor sleep quality. This may be attributable to game-related bedtime delays or other game-specific factors (e.g., game type) that should be evaluated in the future.
Improving Vaccine Equity: How Community Engagement and Informatics Facilitate Health System Outreach to Underrepresented Groups
Authors: Xie Serena J. , Mah Nicholas R. , Chew Lisa , Ruud Julia , Hernandez Jennifer , Lowery Jessica , Hartzler Andrea L.
Published: February 2024

Background Given the inequities in access to health care resources like COVID-19 vaccination, health systems should carefully consider how to reach underrepresented groups. Reflecting on vaccine rollout efforts holds insight on the role of community engagement and informatics support in promoting health equity.

Objectives This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of four outreach strategies deployed by University of Washington (UW) Medicine in improving vaccine equity over traditional vaccine scheduling online or by phone, we report on appointment scheduling and completion of appointments (i.e., vaccine administration) through (1) automated outreach to individuals from underrepresented groups, (2) temporary “pop-up” clinics in neighborhoods highly impacted by COVID-19, (3) vulnerable population clinics, and (4) mobile vaccine vans.

Methods We conducted a 6-month retrospective analysis of electronic health records (EHR) to describe the sociodemographic characteristics of individuals who scheduled appointments using the outreach strategies and characteristics associated with a greater likelihood of vaccine administration based on appointment completion. To help explain trends in the EHR data, we engaged 10 health system leaders and staff who spearheaded the outreach strategies in follow-up conversations to identify qualitative insights into what worked and why.

Results Compared with traditional scheduling, all outreach strategies except vulnerable population clinics had higher vaccine appointment completion rates, including automated outreach (N = 3,734 [94.7%], p < 0.001), pop-up clinics (N = 4,391 [96.0%], p < 0.001), and mobile vans (N = 4,198 [99.1%], p < 0.001); and lower cancellation rates, including automated outreach (N = 166 [1.1%], p < 0.001), pop-up clinics (N = 155 [0.6%], p < 0.001), and mobile vans (N = 0 [0%], p < 0.001). Qualitative insights emphasized ongoing community partnerships and information resources in successful outreach.

Conclusion Vaccine equity outreach strategies improved the proportion of patients who scheduled and completed vaccination appointments among populations disproportionately impacted by COVID-19. Engaging community partners and equity-focused informatics tools can facilitate outreach. Lessons from these outreach strategies carry practical implications for health systems to amplify their health equity efforts.
Reconciling China’s maritime discourses of nationalism and international engagement with left Confucian logic
Authors: Wang Weijin
Published: February 2024

China’s discursive combination of nationalism and international engagement with its maritime neighbours seems self-defeating. To explain why this narrative strategy has been deemed apt, previous studies have predominantly followed a realist approach and contended that China’s international engagement is pure statecraft to help its national rejuvenation efforts. As the merits of Confucianism increasingly affect contemporary Chinese socialism, this paper interprets the internarrativity of left Confucian ethics, Chinese nationalism and international engagement in East China Sea geopolitics. It argues that China tends to identify itself as a contributor to common material interest in the international community. With the notion of graded love, the contribution to the people of the world does not undermine the self-interests. China’s national defence is often allegedly conducted alongside the defence of the existing order enabling its contribution. China does not aim to challenge the order per se, but it challenges the US and its allies’ collective interpretations of it. This situation leads to antagonistic peace when the US-led alliance is unstable. However, if the US’s geopolitical alliance is strong enough to withstand the solipsistic interpretation of the order, the Chinese dream of national rejuvenation can be better realized.
Bidirectional reduction effects of perceived stress and general self-efficacy among college students: a cross-lagged study
Authors: Liu Xinqiao , Li Yan , Cao Xiaojie
Published: February 2024

Perceived stress and general self-efficacy are important issues closely related to the mental health and academic performance of college students. Previous studies have explored the correlation between perceived stress and general self-efficacy, but the understanding of the reciprocal effects of these two factors is still limited. Based on two-wave longitudinal data, this study investigated the bidirectional relationship between perceived stress and general self-efficacy in a sample of Chinese college students. The correlation results showed that perceived stress was significantly negatively correlated with general self-efficacy. Furthermore, by cross-lagged analysis, it was found that perceived stress can significantly negatively predict subsequent general self-efficacy and that general self-efficacy can significantly negatively predict subsequent perceived stress. Bidirectional reduction effects between perceived stress and general self-efficacy are observed among Chinese college students. The results emphasize the necessity of timely stress intervention for college students and the establishment of measures to enhance general self-efficacy.
Effect of Ta buffer layer on the structural and magnetic properties of stoichiometric intermetallic FeAl alloy
Authors: Bhardwaj Sunayana , Kumar Prashant , Ghosh Ram Krishna , Kuanr Bijoy K.
Published: February 2024

The magnetostructural phase transition in Fe50Al50 alloy with chemically ordered paramagnetic B2 and disordered ferromagnetic (FM) A2 phase has applications in spintronics such as phase-change magnetic memory and magnonic devices. We first conducted a systematic first-principles density functional theory study of the A2 and B2 phases in the Fe50Al50 alloy. A theoretical understanding of this equiatomic alloy’s electronic and spin-dynamical properties leads us to the experimental exploration of the FM A2 phase. Therefore, we deposit the 50 nm Fe50Al50 alloy thin film using sputtering and investigate the influence of the Ta buffer layer on its structural and magnetic properties. Our results reveal that the film with a buffer layer exhibits the A2 phase with appreciably higher saturation magnetization (848 emu/cc) than the film without a buffer layer (576 emu/cc). However, the surface roughness and Gilbert damping (α) slightly increase with the presence of the buffer layer from 0.41 to 0.56 nm and 4.35 × 10−3–4.94 × 10−3, respectively. The enhancement in α is due to extrinsic contributions induced by surface inhomogeneities.
Nested solutions of gravitational condensate stars
Authors: Jampolski Daniel , Rezzolla Luciano
Published: February 2024

Black holes are normally and naturally associated to the end-point of gravitational collapse. Yet, alternatives have been proposed and a particularly interesting one is that of gravitational condensate stars, or gravastars. We here revisit the gravastar model and increase the degree of speculation by considering new solutions that are inspired by the original model of gravastars with anisotropic pressure, but also offer surprising new features. In particular, we show that it is possible to nest two gravastars into each other and obtain a new solution of the Einstein equations. Since each gravastar essentially behaves as a distinct self-gravitating equilibrium, a large and rich space of parameters exists for the construction of nested gravastars. In addition, we show that these nested-gravastar solutions can be extended to an arbitrarily large number of shells, with a prescription specified in terms of simple recursive relations. Although these ultra-compact objects are admittedly very exotic, some of the solutions found, provide an interesting alternative to a black hole by having a singularity-free origin, a full matter interior, a time-like matter surface, and a compactness

C

→
(
1

/

2

)

−

.
Universal synchronization: acoustic experiments, the phase oscillator model and mechanical analogues
Authors: Euler Manfred
Published: February 2024

Although synchronization effects play an important role in many areas of basic and applied science, their treatment in undergraduate physics courses requires more attention. Based on acoustic experiments with a driven organ pipe, the article proposes analytical, numerical and qualitative approaches to this universal phenomenon, suitable for introductory teaching. The Adler equation is developed, a first-order nonlinear differential equation describing the phase dynamics of driven self-sustained oscillations in the weak coupling limit. Analytical solutions, intuitive mechanical analogues and properties of the resulting comb spectra are discussed. The underlying phase model is paradigmatic for synchronization-based self-organization phenomena in a wide range of fields, from physics and engineering to life and social sciences.
Indispensability of cross-shell contributions in neutron resonance spacing
Authors: Ghosh T , Sangeeta  , Maheshwari B , Saxena G , Agrawal B K
Published: February 2024

Spin- and parity-dependent nuclear level densities (NLDs) are obtained for a configuration interaction shell model using a numerically efficient spectral distribution method. The calculations are performed for 24Na and 25,26,27Mg nuclei using full sd-pf model space that incorporates the cross-shell excitations from the sd to the pf-shell. The obtained NLDs are then employed to determine the s-wave neutron resonance spacing (D0), which is one of the crucial inputs for the predictions of astrophysical reaction rates. Although the considered nuclei are not neutron-rich, the contributions from cross-shell excitations to the pf-shell are indispensable for explaining the experimental data for D0, which otherwise are significantly overestimated.
Complex patterning in jerky flow from time series analysis and numerical simulation
Authors: Fressengeas Claude , Lebedkina Tatiana A , Lebyodkin Mikhail A
Published: February 2024

The paper is a tribute to Ladislas P Kubin’s long-standing work on the collective behavior of dislocations in jerky flow. In a first part, it reviews his contributions to the statistical, dynamical and multifractal analyses carried out on stress-time series recorded from both single crystals and polycrystalline samples of dilute alloys subjected to tensile tests at constant strain rate. Various spatio-temporal dynamical regimes were found as the applied strain rate was varied. Type C static bands were associated with quasi-random collective behavior, the hopping type B and propagating type A bands could be shown to correspond to chaotic and self-organized critical dynamics, respectively. The crossover between the A and B regimes was characterized by a large spread in the multifractal spectrum of stress drops, associated with heterogeneity of the dynamics. In a second part, the paper reviews the nonlocal models Ladislas inspired to interpret these results from numerical solutions of the boundary value problem, on the basis of dynamic strain aging, the incompatibility stresses associated with dislocations, their plastic relaxation and the spatial couplings they inherently involve. Eventual developments of this research, rooted in the same ideas, on the statistical and multifractal analyses of the accompanying acoustic emission are reviewed and discussed in terms of the synchronization of small-scale plastic events.
Bounds on buoyancy driven flows with Navier-slip conditions on rough boundaries
Authors: Bleitner Fabian , Nobili Camilla
Published: February 2024

We consider two-dimensional Rayleigh–Bénard convection with Navier-slip and fixed temperature boundary conditions at the two horizontal rough walls described by the height function h. We prove rigorous upper bounds on the Nusselt number

Nu

which capture the dependence on the curvature of the boundary κ and the (non-constant) friction coefficient α explicitly. If

h
∈

W

2
,
∞

and κ satisfies a smallness condition with respect to α, we find

Nu

≲

Ra

1
2

+
∥
κ

∥

∞

,

where

Ra

is the Rayleigh number, which agrees with the predicted Spiegel–Kraichnan scaling when κ = 0. This bound is obtained via local regularity estimates in a small strip at the boundary. When

h
∈

W

3
,
∞

, the functions κ and α are sufficiently small in

L

∞

and the Prandtl number

Pr

is sufficiently large, we prove upper bounds using the background field method, which interpolate between

Ra

1
2

and

Ra

5
12

with non-trivial dependence on α and κ. These bounds agree with the result in Drivas et al (2022 Phil. Trans. R. Soc.
A
380 20210025) for flat boundaries and constant friction coefficient. Furthermore, in the regime

Pr
⩾

Ra

5
7

, we improve the

Ra

1
2

-upper bound, showing

Nu

≲

α
,
κ

Ra

3
7

,

where

≲

α
,
κ

hides an additional dependency of the implicit constant on α and κ.
A better integration of health and economic impact assessments of climate change
Authors: Orlov Anton , Schleypen Jessie , Aunan Kristin , Sillmann Jana , Gasparrini Antonio , Mistry Malcolm N
Published: February 2024

Climate change could lead to high economic burden for individuals (i.e. low income and high prices). While economic conditions are important determinants of climate change vulnerability, environmental epidemiological studies focus primarily on the direct impact of temperature on morbidity and mortality without accounting for climate-induced impacts on the economy. More integrated approaches are needed to provide comprehensive assessments of climate-induced direct and indirect impacts on health. This paper provides some perspectives on how epidemiological and economic impact assessments could be better integrated. We argue that accounting for the economic repercussions of climate change on people’s health and, vice versa, the consequences of health effects on the economy could provide more realistic scenario projections and could be more useful for adaptation policy.
Mitigating drought mortality by incorporating topography into variable forest thinning strategies
Authors: Thomas Anooja , Kolb Thomas , Biederman Joel A , Venturas Martin D , Ma Qin , Yang Di , Dore Sabina , Tai Xiaonan
Published: February 2024

Drought-induced productivity reductions and tree mortality have been increasing in recent decades in forests around the globe. Developing adaptation strategies hinges on an adequate understanding of the mechanisms governing the drought vulnerability of forest stands. Prescribed reduction in stand density has been used as a management tool to reduce water stress and wildfire risk, but the processes that modulate fine-scale variations in plant water supply and water demand are largely missing in ecosystem models. We used an ecohydrological model that couples plant hydraulics with groundwater hydrology to examine how within-stand variations in tree spatial arrangements and topography might mitigate forest vulnerability to drought at individual-tree and stand scales. Our results demonstrated thinning generally ameliorated plant hydraulic stress and improved carbon and water fluxes of the remaining trees, although the effectiveness varied by climate and topography. Variable thinning that adjusted thinning intensity based on topography-mediated water availability achieved higher stand productivity and lower mortality risk, compared to evenly-spaced thinning at comparable intensities. The results from numerical experiments provided mechanistic evidence that topography mediates the effectiveness of thinning and highlighted the need for an explicit consideration of within-stand heterogeneity in trees and abiotic environments when designing forest thinning to mitigate drought impacts.
Developmental status of duku stem-canker in Jambi
Authors: Handoko S , Meilin A , Sulistiono W , Fefirenta A D
Published: February 2024

Dead molt disease or duku stem-canker disease has been widely discussed in several studies. Some suspect it is caused by Phytophthora palmivora, or Ceratocystis fimbriata, and possibly Botryodiplodia spp. In the last decade, studies and discussions in control efforts have been carried out. Control studies using biological control strategies continue to be carried out, especially in the South Sumatera region, as well as control studies using pesticides have also received a lot of attention, but the control results have not reached a satisfactory stage. There are still many duku plants that have experienced widespread mortality. Finally, we will discuss about the research that has done into developing effective and sustainable control strategies.
Effect of plant biostimulants on red and green romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa) growth in indoor farming
Authors: Zahra A M , Sinaga A N K , Nugroho B D A , Masithoh R E
Published: February 2024

By controlling environmental conditions, indoor farming can increase plant growth, productivity, and harvest quality. An additional element that can enhance lettuce yield is the utilization of plant biostimulants. These substances can boost nutrient absorption efficiency, enhance resistance to environmental stresses, and foster positive impacts on plant growth and maturation. This study examined the impact of red and green romaine lettuce with different plant biostimulants (Viva®, Megafol®, Radifarm®) added to AB mix on lettuce growth under white LED lighting on 30 days of cultivation. The MANOVA tests showed that different varieties of romaine lettuce and plant biostimulants substantially affected chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, leaf number, leaf area, leaf weight, and root weight. A polynomial growth model was also obtained from height data collected during 30 days of planting, with an optimal R2, RMSE, MAE, and MAPE reaching the optimal value of 0.9926; 0.50; 0.46; 1.72, respectively, for red lettuce with Viva®, and 0.9930; 0.11; 0.29; 2.37, respectively, for green lettuce with Viva®. In addition, Pearson Correlation analysis between each treatment indicated a positive and substantial correlation in various growth indices, up to 0.901.
Quality of Nutmeg (Myristica Fragrans Houtt) South Aceh Based on Geographical Conditions
Authors: Yasar M , Foo J , Devianti  , Ismeini S
Published: February 2024

The results of this study found that the quality of nutmeg in South Aceh, namely climate type A with a very wet category, such as Alluvial, Brown Podzolic, Regusol, Grumosol, Organosol, Renzina, Litosol, Rock Outcrops, Podzolic, Rocks, Latosol and Red Yellow Podzolic. The chemical content of the soil, namely pH, N, P, K, C and CEC after analysis meets the criteria in determining quality nutmeg and soil texture that supports producing quality nutmeg oil processing, the dominant temperature is 26°C with dominant land slope <8% indicating South Aceh nutmeg plantations including a flat surface and the highest elevation is occupied by Meukek District with a height of 51 meters above sea level while the lowest is located in West Labuhan Haji District with an altitude of (-9) meters above sea level. The chemical content of nutmeg contains Myristicin with the highest levels being in North Kluet District, namely 41.08%, the lowest is in Tapak Tuan District, namely 16.66%, the highest chemical content of α-pinene is in Labuhan Haji Barat District, namely 7.85%. the lowest was in Tapak Tuan, namely 0.62%, the highest β-pinene was in Pasie Raja District, namely 14.24%, the lowest was in Meukek District, namely 0.56%.
Potential and utilization of sorghum in dry land as animal feed
Authors: Yusriani Y , Usrina N , Fitriawaty  , Haiqal M , Hayanti S Y , Qomariyah N , Bakar B A , Idawanni  , Nathania N M , Sabri M
Published: February 2024

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Monch) is a cereal crop that is drought tolerant and can be produced worldwide. Sorghum plants can be developed in Indonesia as animal feed. This is due to agroecological conditions that can tolerate land conditions in Indonesia. This article aims to review the potential and utilization of sorghum as a source of animal feed that can be developed on dry land. The article method uses descriptive by reviewing the results of research on sorghum. Harvest can be done at the age of 85 to 90 days because sorghum has high nutritional value and is a substitute for other feed sources, because it has a high chemical composition, vitamin, mineral, and energy content. The nutritional content of crude protein sorghum is 10,4, fat 1,5 and ash 6,8%. In fresh conditions, the leaves and stems of sorghum do not last long, so it needs processing in the form of silage to extend its shelf life so that it can be used in the dry season. Giving feed derived from leaves, straw, by-products of sorghum shows a positive response in livestock. This study concludes that orgum has the potential to be developed as a source of animal feed because it has a fairly good nutritional content and has the potential to be developed on dry land.
The pattern of use of herbal plants by the community to increase body immunity
Authors: Darina S , Lubis H , Siagian D J M , Husni N , Sitorus J , Sinaga A P , Harahap M
Published: February 2024

The immune system functions to protect the body from infectious agents. Modulation of the immune system is needed to ensure that it is able to fight various attacks by microorganisms that cause infection. One simple way to increase the body’s immunity is to consume herbal plants. Several studies have proven the activity of several herbal plants as immunostimulant agents. This research was conducted using qualitative methods. The aim of this research was to identify herbal plants for body immunity, and describe patterns of use of herbal plants to increase body immunity. The research finding revealed that herbal plants that can increase the body’s immunity are ginger, turmeric, lemongrass, cinnamon, sungkai leaves, black cumin and various other plants, most of which are still consumed in traditional ways. The largest number of respondents who used herbal concoctions to improve health was 225 respondents. There was a pattern of using herbal plants in the people of North Sumatra to increase the body’s immunity by consuming them in the form of direct decoction, herbal drink products, capsules and powder form, and syrup form.
Effect of block feed supplementation based on palm oil sludge for Bengkulu local cattle (Kaur Cattle) on the dry matter and organic matter digestibility of rations
Authors: Badarina I , Soetrisno E , Nurmeiliasari  , Suherman D , Durisa T F
Published: February 2024

The objective of this study was to evaluate dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility of the ration supplemented with block feed made from palm oil sludge (solid) to Kaur cattle. Palm oil sludge was substitute for rice bran in the commercial block feed fomula namely “Sakura Block”. Four treatments were arranged in Latin Square Design that were the solid level in block feed. The treatments consisted of P0 = “Sakura” block feed (28% bran), P1 = block feed (14% bran + 14% solid), P2 = block feed (7% bran + 21% solid), P3 = block feed (28% solid). The results showed that there were no difference on OM consumption and production of fecal DM and OM among treatments. For DM consumption and DM digestibility, P1 showed the lowest (P<0.05) but among P0, P2 and P3 were no diferrence (P>0.05). For the OM digestibility, there was no a significant difference (P>0.05) among treatment. Block feed P3 (28% solid) can increase the consumption and the DM digestibility of rations.
Aspect of feeding management for Sambar deer (Cervus unicolor) in Universitas Sumatera Utara park
Authors: Umardi I S R , Khairi F , Koesmara H
Published: February 2024

This study aims to determine the management of animals in sambar deer captivity in terms of the aspect of feeding. The purpose of this study was to determine the management of sambar deer in terms of feeding techniques. This research was carried out in August - September 2022 using the observation method at the University of North Sumatra Park. The research data were obtained from the results of interviews with the animal keeper, data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. Data were calculations carried out regarding feed consumption and feed preferences for Sambar deer. The results showed that the management of the hopeful sambar deer in terms of the aspect of feeding at the North Sumatra University Park could be categorized as good in terms of the type and amount of feed that was sufficient to meet the basic needs of the animals. The average feed consumption reaches 4.8 kg/day/head. The most preferred type of feed is carrots (Daucus carota L) with a preference level of 21%. Further research is needed regarding the feeding of sambar deer according to the needs of their physiological status.
Determination of Total Phenolic Content and Total Flavonoid Content of Nutmeg Flesh (Myristica Fragrans Houtt) Ethanol Extract from South Aceh Province
Authors: Erizal E , Hanafiah M , Mudatsir M , Helmi TZ , Yusuf M
Published: February 2024

The nutmeg plant (Myristica fragrans Houtt) is often used as a medicinal ingredient and has medicinal efficacy. Nutmeg samples were obtained from South Aceh district, which is the main commodity obtained in the area. This study aims to measure the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of the ethanol extract of nutmeg flesh. The dried nutmeg flesh was extracted (maceration) using an ethanol solvent, and the extract weight was 18.35%. The TPC and TFC analysis use the UV-visible spectrophotometer method and are measured at wavelengths of 759 nm and 495 nm, respectively. Gallic acid standards were used to measure total phenolic levels and quercetin standards to measure total flavonoid levels. Data of linearity, R square (R2), LoD, and LoQ were also calculated for each standard. The TPC and TFC contents in the ethanol extract of nutmeg flesh were found to be 76.972 ± 0.97 mg GAE/g and 15.625 ± 0.26 mg QE/g respectively. The presence of phenolic compounds and flavonoids shows that the ethanol extract of nutmeg flesh has high value metabolites that show good biological activity.
Evaluation of physical quality, pH, fresh weight reduction and fungal percentage in citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) straw waste amofer
Authors: Koesmara H , Armia Y , Mustofa A , Ammar M , Ningsih Y , Makmur A
Published: February 2024

Research on citronella waste using Amofer technology (ammoniated fermentation) treatment was carried out to increase its nutritional content so that it becomes a quality alternative feed. Analysis of physical quality, pH, fresh weight and percentage of fungi in citronella waste used a completely randomized design divided into four treatments based on different fermentation times, namely P0 = day P1 = 7 days, P2 = 14 days and P3 = 21 days. The results showed that amofer treatment with different curing times affected the physical quality of citronella straw waste, P2 and P3 showed significant differences (P<0.05). Amofer treatment with curing for 21 days is able to degrade the essential aroma which is a limiting factor in the palatability level of livestock for feed.
Mitigation of gayo arabica coffee supply chain risk using the house of risk method in Aceh Tengah
Authors: Salasamuharram F , Hamid A H , Zikria V , Ginting L N , Zulkarnain Z , Marsudi E , Baihaqi A
Published: February 2024

Aceh Tengah District is the largest Gayo Arabica Coffee production area in Aceh Province. Therefore, coffee has an important role in the economy of the people of Aceh Tengah, both as a source of income for coffee farmers, a source of foreign exchange and as a provider of employment through processing, marketing and trading activities. However, Gayo Arabica Coffee farmers are often faced with many obstacles and risks in run their business. The aim of this research is to analyze the risks with the highest impact on the Gayo Arabica Coffee supply chain and formulate mitigation to reduce the risk impact on it by using the House of Risk (HOR) method. Based on the research results, 42 risk events and 37 risk agents were obtained and 7 dominant risk agents were obtained which could be prevented with 9 mitigation strategies. The risk with the highest impact on the Gayo Arabica Coffee supply chain in Aceh Tengah District is assessed based on the highest to lowest Aggregate Risk Potential (ARP) value using the 67:20 Pareto Diagram. Mitigation strategies for Gayo Arabica Coffee supply chain risks in Aceh Tengah District are assessed based on the Effectiveness to Difficulty (ETD) value from highest to lowest.