bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso de pacientes hansenianos: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Pinheiro Alcivaldo Mendes , Mello Amanda Gabryelle Nunes Cardoso
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: Demonstrar á adesão do tratamento medicamentoso de pacientes hansênianos.  Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, essa metodologia é definida como um método que permite a síntese de conhecimento e a incorporação da aplicabilidade de resultados de estudos significativos na prática. Para a elaboraçãoda da revisão integrativa foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico nas bases de dados: Scientific Eletronic Library Online (Scielo), U.S. National Library of Medicine (PUBMED) com auxílio do Mendeley, Ministério da Saúde e dados estatísticos oficiais. Os dados foram coletados no período de julho a dezembro de 2021 e contemplados entre os anos de 2015 a 2020. Resultados: Após a seleção dos estudos, segundo os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados 20 artigos científicos a partir dos 52 encontrados para este estudo e o processamento do resultado e discussão, embora essa revisão integrativa não tivesse restringido o seu escopo para pesquisas realizadas no Brasil, as informações matriciais que compõe essa discussão são provenientes de estudos produzidos em um cenário nacional. Conclusão: Esta falta de adesão ainda é elevada e pode ser considerada como um fator preponderante para que esta doença ainda permaneça em muitas partes do mundo. Essa desistência acarreta na propagação da doença, visto que um paciente não tratado é um propagador de novas infecções.
Spironolactone and eplerenone are cardioprotective during early phase of ischemia in rats submitted to acute coronary occlusion
Authors: Amancio Gabriela de Cássia Sousa , Hermidorff Milla Marques , Alvarenga Ana Cláudia , Lima Wanderson Geraldo , Guimarães Homero Nogueira , Rodrigues Henrique Resende , Silva Emília Calil , Assis Leonardo Vinícius Monteiro de , Grabe-Guimarães Andrea , Isoldi Mauro Cesar
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) are effective in reducing left ventricle remodeling and sudden death after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Objectives: MRAs in vitro display cardioprotective effects, independent of MR; however, it is unknown whether the rapid effects of MRAs are cardioprotective in vivo. This study evaluated the acute effects of spironolactone and eplerenone in the first minutes of AMI. Methods: Wistar Rats, submitted or not to bilateral adrenalectomy, were treated orally with spironolactone (20 mg/kg) or eplerenone (10 mg/kg), and submitted to the left coronary ligation, under anesthesia. Electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings were obtained to evaluate ST-T segment, QT, and QTc intervals. Arterial pressure was also measured before (baseline) and after coronary ligation. Results: Spironolactone or eplerenone given, one hour before coronary ligation, prevented ST-T segment elevation in adrenalectomized and non-adrenalectomized. QT interval analysis showed that MRAs prevented its prolongation after coronary ligation. QT and QTc intervals remained similar to baseline and were smaller than the values displayed by the non-treated group. Animals treated with spironolactone, regardless of adrenalectomy, showed a 3-fold reduced mortality rates compared to the control group. Conclusion: MRAs display acute cardioprotective effects in early phase of AMI, which are independent of aldosterone.
Saúde mental dos discentes de Enfermagem mediante a pandemia do COVID-19: revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Cavalcante Rodrigo Dyego de Oliveira , Silva Jorge Luiz Lima da , Ramos Gabriella Filippini Silva
Published: February 2022

A COVID-19 gerou grave crise na saúde global, causando milhares de mortes, sofrimento para as famílias e várias sequelas em sobreviventes, para além da adaptação dos indivíduos ao novo estilo de vida, e consequentemente, uma crise econômica. Com isso, as atividades presenciais tiveram que, em parte, se reorganizar à modalidade a distância, necessitando de adaptação das pessoas. Assim, os estudantes de enfermagem foram sujeitos a rápidas mudanças, desde suspensão das aulas ao surgimento do ensino remoto, o que pode ter desencadeado dificuldades de adaptação e problemas relacionados à saúde mental. Diante disso, esse estudo traz como objetivo analisar, na produção científica, aspectos sobre a saúde mental dos graduandos de enfermagem, durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Trata-se de revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada no entre maio e junho de 2021 com os descritores: mental health, coronavirus infections e students. Foram selecionados 12 artigos e categorizados de acordo com análise textual. Para compor a discussão dos achados, os estudos foram agrupados em 2 categorias: 1- consequências psicológicas da COVID-19 nos estudantes de enfermagem; 2- interferências, aprendizados e carreira dos estudantes de enfermagem na pandemia da COVID-19. Foi identificado que a pandemia consistiu em fator que provocou desenvolvimento ou agravamento de transtornos mentais em estudantes de enfermagem. Sendo possível traçar e afirmar que a COVID-19, dentro todos os problemas fisiológicos, trouxe malefícios como ansiedade, medo, estresse e depressão, causados por fatores como falta de conhecimento associado a uma doença nova, cobrança excessiva dos docentes, medo de adquirir a infecção e infectar alguém da família, entre outros.
Protocolo farmacoterápico para as clínicas de atenção básica do curso de Odontologia
Authors: Manta Filipe Farias , Silva Alan Pereira da , Nunes Gabriel Pereira , Cavalcanti Ully Dias Nascimento Tavora , Souza Lucas Geazi da Silva , Antunes Eldson Lopes
Published: February 2022

Introdução: A importância da prescrição medicamentosa na odontologia está bem estabelecida na literatura, apesar de existirem poucas publicações referentes a protocolos farmacológicos. A grande quantidade de medicamentos ofertados ao cirurgião-dentista (CD), com suas respectivas indicações, posologias, contraindicações e efeitos adversos, somam inseguranças na hora da escolha do medicamento mais adequado. Objetivo: Elaboração de um protocolo farmacoterápico, usando como meio de obtenção deste protocolo um código de resposta rápida (QR CODE), acessados através de dispositivos eletrônicos moveis. Método: avaliação da incidência de uso de medicamentos nas áreas de cirurgia oral menor, endodontia (e urgências endodônticas), periodontia, odontopediatria e como profilaxia antibiótica. Usando como critérios de inclusão artigos, livros e bulários da ANVISA entre os anos de 2006 a 2021. Resultados: Elaboração de um protocolo medicamentoso de uso adulto e infantil baseado em odontologia segundo a literaturas recentes, usando como meio de divulgação e acesso um QR CODE, acessível através de dispositivos eletrônicos moveis. Conclusão: A utilização de um método digital/eletrônico, onde grande parcela de profissionais e estudantes de odontologia tem acesso, colabora para ambos na tomada de decisões no momento da prescrição de uma droga, assegurando o conhecimento dos fármacos mais frequentes na odontologia.
Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica (PAVM) assistida pela quitosana
Authors: Mendes Luiza Aragão Paiva Pires Ferreira , Sousa Amália Ramos de , Rodrigues Isabelle Vasconcelos , Sousa Jucilene da Silva , Bacelar Lara Isobel Vieira , Machado Fernando Henrique Lima Sa , Silva Alciene Pacheco da , Lopes Danielle Costa , Pessoa Diego Rodrigues , Pacheco Nágila Iane
Published: February 2022

Introdução: A pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica (PAVM) é uma das preponderantes causas das infecções nosocomiais em UTIs que ocasionando elevação do tempo de internação, despesas médicas, crescimentos nos índices de morbilidade e mortalidade, com o aumento de bactérias resistentes aos antibióticos, corrobora na aplicação de novos biomateriais, com isso, a quitosana é estudada por constituir por diversas propriedades funcionais, como antimicrobiana. Metodologia: A pesquisa realizada é uma revisão sistemática através da consulta em bancos de dados online para o levantamento das informações. As principais bases de dados de periódicos utilizados para as buscas ativas dos artigos foram: ANVISA, OMS, PUBMED, Science Direct, SCIELO. Resultados e discussões: A interação microbiana dentro do biofilme colabora para a PAVM, nesse sentido ocorre uma implicação na terapia antimicrobiana, entretanto a resistência aos fármacos utilizados revalida a necessidade de se encontrar novos agentes antimicrobianos, a quitosana e os seus derivados possuem versatilidade, baixo custo e vasto espectro de atividade antimicrobiana contra bactérias gram-positivas, gram-negativas, fungos filamentosos e leveduras. Conclusão: verifica-se que uma forma provável de combater as infecções bacterianas relacionadas a ventilação mecânica é a quitosana e seus derivados, que possuem atividades antimicrobianas relevantes e grande potencial para utilização dos mesmos no combate a tenacidade de microorganismos.
Biogeography of reef water microbes from within-reef to global scales
Authors: Ma L , Becker C , Weber L , Sullivan C , Zgliczynski B , Sandin S , Brandt M , Smith TB , Apprill A
Published: February 2022

Seawater microorganisms play an important role in coral reef ecosystem functioning and can be influenced by biological, chemical, and physical features of reefs. As coral reefs continue to respond to environmental changes, the reef seawater microbiome has been proposed as a conservation tool for monitoring perturbations. However, the spatial variability of reef seawater microbial communities is not well studied, limiting our ability to make generalizable inferences across reefs. In order to better understand how microorganisms are distributed at multiple spatial scales, we examined seawater microbial communities in Florida Reef Tract and US Virgin Islands reef systems using a nested sampling design. On 3 reefs per reef system, we sampled seawater at regular spatial intervals close to the benthos. We assessed the microbial community composition of these waters using ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing. Our analysis revealed that reef water microbial communities varied as a function of reef system and individual reefs, but communities did not differ within reefs and were not significantly influenced by benthic composition. For the reef system and inter-reef differences, abundant microbial taxa were found to be potentially useful indicators of environmental difference due to their high prevalence and variance. We further examined reef water microbial biogeography on a global scale using a secondary analysis of 5 studies, which revealed that microbial communities were more distinct with increasing geographic distance. These results suggest that biogeography is a distinguishing feature for reef water microbiomes, and that development of monitoring criteria may necessitate regionally specific sampling and analyses.
ANALISIS PENERIMAAN DAN PENGGUNAAN APLIKASI “SiKerja” DI LINGKUNGAN KEMENTERIAN DALAM NEGERI MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL (TAM)
Authors: Priambodo Gilang , - Theresiawati , Wirawan Rio
Published: February 2022

AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tingkat penerimaan dan pengguna terhadap penggunaan aplikasi SiKerja dilingkungan Kementerian Dalam Negeri dengan menggunakan pendekatan metode Technology Acceptance Model. yang menggunakan lima variabel yaitu perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude toward using, behavioral intention to Use dan actual system use. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data primer yang diperoleh dari kuesioner. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 150 pegawai, kemudian data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan metode Structured Equation Model-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) menggunakan software smartPLS. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat 3 dari 5 hipotesis yang berpengaruh positif signifikan yaitu variabel perceived ease of use terhadap perceived usefulness dengan nilai koefisien jalur 0.69 dan nilai t- statistics 2.12, variabel perceived usefulness terhadap behavioral intention to Use dengan nilai koefisien jalur 0.75 dan nilai t-statistics 2.12, variabel perceived usefulness terhadap Attitude toward using dengan nilai koefisien jalur 0.60 dan nilai t-statistic 2.15. Namun ada juga 2 variabel yang tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan yaitu, perceived ease of use terhadap attitude toward using dengan nilai koefisien jalur 0.61 dan nilai t-statistic 1.04 dan variabel perceived usefulness terhadap actual system use dengan nilai koefisien jalur 0.60 dan nilai t-statistic 1.02.Kata kunci: SiKerja, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Structured Equation Model (SEM), Partial Least Square (PLS).
Idarucizumab in Emergent Pericardiocentesis: A Case Report of Dabigatran-Induced Haemopericardium and Cardiac Tamponade
Authors: Palmerini Elisabetta , De Tommasi Francesco , Taddei Tamara , Amidei Stefano , Falsini Giovanni
Published: February 2022

Haemopericardium has rarely been described in association with the use of a non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant. Cardiac tamponade is a life-threatening condition that usually requires urgent pericardiocentesis. Here, the authors report a case of haemopericardium with cardiac tamponade during dabigatran therapy for atrial fibrillation in a patient with chronic coronary syndrome, treated effectively with reversal agent idarucizimab before pericardiocentesis. To the authors’ knowledge, this is only the third report of dabigatran-induced haemopericardium.
The approach of emergency physicians to patients with acute renal colic
Authors: Bozan Öner , Danacıoğlu Yavuz Onur , İslam Mehmet Muzaffer
Published: February 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to describe the current diagnosis and treatment strategies of patients admitted to the emergency department and diagnosed with acute renal colic. Material and Methods: In this study, an internet-based cross-sectional survey was administered to emergency medicine physicians. In addition to the participants’ demographic data, such as age and gender, years of experience in the emergency medicine department, and whether they were a specialist or resident, the survey also inquired about their choices of imaging methods, laboratory tests, analgesic medications, and intravenous fluids, and tendency to refer patients to a urologist for a consultation. Results: The median age of the 108 volunteers participating in the study was calculated as 31 (27 - 34.8) years and their years of experience as 4 (2-8) years. More than half (60.2%, n=65) of the participants were emergency medicine residents, while the remaining 39.8% (n=43) were emergency medicine specialists. The emergency medicine specialists and residents were compared in terms of the variables related to their approaches to patients presenting to the emergency department with a preliminary diagnosis of renal colic. The first choice of analgesic drugs was dichotomised as diclofenac and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, with 34 (79.1%) of the specialists and 60 (92.3%) of the residents reporting diclofenac as their first choice, and there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: In this study, the emergency medicine residents preferred diclofenac more than the emergency medicine specialists in primary care, although they had similar renal colic imaging methods preferences. Keywords: Acute renal colic, emergency medicine, kidney stone.
Hawk® JAWS versus Lumenis® VersaCut prostate morcellation devices: A comparative study and comprehensive literature review
Authors: Aybal Halil Çağrı , Yılmaz Sercan , Gazel Eymen , Kaya Engin , Yalçın Serdar , Açıkgöz Onur , Tunç Lütfi
Published: February 2022

Objective: Although morcellation is a standard procedure of Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP), studies on the morcellators used are limited in number. We aimed to compare two different tissue morcellators used in HoLEP, which have similar objectives but differences in efficiency and safety in working principles. Material and Methods: The data of 130 patients who underwent HoLEP between December 2018 and December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Sixty-five patients received Lumenis® Versacut (Lumenis Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA) morcellator and 65 patients received Hawk® JAWS (Hawk, Minitech Co., China) morcellator after enucleation were included in the study. The efficiency of morcellation (g/min), morcellation time (min), total operation time (min), enucleation time (min), enucleated tissue weight (g), the efficiency of enucleation, densities of the removed prostate tissues, perioperative complications associated with the use of a morcellator were recorded perioperatively. Results: There was no significant difference in total operation time (min), enucleation time (min), enucleated tissue weight (g), and efficiency of enucleation (g/min) efficiency of morcellation, morcellation time (min) between the two groups. Bladder mucosal damage occurred in 3 patients (4%) in the Versacut group, while mucosal bladder damage was not observed in any patient in the Hawk® JAWS group (p = 0.08). Conclusion: Hawk® JAWS and Lumenis® VersaCut morcellators were comparable in their efficiency and safety. Keywords: Hawk, HoLEP, morcellation, morcellator, Versacut.
Renal abscess in childhood: a case report 6 years girl
Authors: Güvenç Fatma Tugba , Salı Enes , Kalın Sevinç , Elmas Bahri , İlçe Zekeriya
Published: February 2022

Renal abscesses are rarely seen in the childhood period. Delays in diagnosis may cause kidney loss. The treatment method is still controversial. The patient with a large renal abscess, which we operated on because it did not regress with broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and was not drained with percutaneous drainage because it was organized, was evaluated in the light of the literature. Keywords: Renal abscess, childhood, open surgery, percutaneous drainage.
How effective is the duration of breastfeeding on monosymptomatic enuresis nocturna?
Authors: Gümüş Kemal , Kargı Taner , Öncel Halil Ferat
Published: February 2022

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship and duration of breastfeeding in monosymptomatic enuresis nocturna. Material and Methods: 150 children, 78 of whom were diagnosed with enuresis nocturna and 72 of whom were in the control group, who applied to our urology clinic between July 2020 and September 2020, were included in the study. The duration of breastfeeding, the number of children at home, formula feeding, parent education, and passive smoking were asked. Results: The mean age of 150 patients included in the study was 7.6 (5-10 years). The enuresis group consisted of 36 girls and 42 boys, while the control group consisted of 36 girls and 36 boys. In comparison, the number of household members was 7(3-10) in the enuresis group, 5(4-8) in the control group. There was a significant difference between both groups (p=0.008). When the duration of breastfeeding was evaluated, the significant difference between the enuresis group and the control group was found to be 18 months (p=0.016). There was no difference between the formula and feeding enuresis group and the control group (p=0.599). There was no difference between the two groups in terms of passive smoking and parental education. Conclusion: One of the most common disorders in childhood is enuresis nocturna. Continuing with age has many negative effects on the child. Our study observed that the incidence of enuresis decreased if breastfeeding was continued for more than 18 months. Readily available breastfeeding positively affects enuresis nocturna, similar to its effect on many aspects of childhood development. Keywords: Enuresis nocturna, breastfeeding, nutrition.
Developing Smart Nanoparticles Responsive to the Tumor Micro-Environment for Enhanced Synergism of Thermo-Chemotherapy With PA/MR Bimodal Imaging
Authors: Luo Mingfang , Lv Yijie , Luo Xunrong , Ren Qingfa , Sun Zhenbo , Li Tianping , Wang Ailing , Liu Yan , Yang Caixia , Li Xianglin
Published: February 2022

With the development of nanotechnology, a theranostics nanoplatform can have broad applications in multimodal image-guided combination treatment in cancer precision medicine. To overcome the limitations of a single diagnostic imaging mode and a single chemotherapeutic approach, we intend to combat tumor growth and provide therapeutic interventions by integrating multimodal imaging capabilities and effective combination therapies on an advanced platform. So, we have constructed IO@MnO2@DOX (IMD) hybrid nanoparticles composed of superparamagnetic iron oxide (IO), manganese dioxide (MnO2), and doxorubicin (DOX). The nano-platform could achieve efficient T2-T1 magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, switchable photoacoustic (PA) imaging, and tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive DOX release and achieve enhanced synergism of magnetic hyperthermia and chemotherapy with PA/MR bimodal imaging. The results show that IMD has excellent heating properties when exposed to an alternating magnetic field (AMF). Therefore, it can be used as an inducer for tumor synergism therapy with chemotherapy and hyperthermia. In the TME, the IMD nanoparticle was degraded, accompanied by DOX release. Moreover, in vivo experimental results show that the smart nanoparticles had excellent T2-T1 MR and PA imaging capabilities and an excellent synergistic effect of magnetic hyperthermia and chemotherapy. IMD nanoparticles could significantly inhibit tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice with negligible side effects. In conclusion, smart IMD nanoparticles have the potential for tumor diagnosis and growth inhibition as integrated diagnostic nanoprobes.
DesA Prognostic Risk Model of LncRNAs in Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Based on TCGA Data
Authors: Ding Weidong , Ling Yun , Shi Yuan , Zheng Zhuojun
Published: February 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to combine the clinical data of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to obtain prognosis-related biomarkers, construct a prognostic risk model using long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in AML and help patients with AML make clinical treatment decisions.

Methods: We analysed the transcriptional group information of 151 patients with AML obtained from TCGA and extracted the expressions of lncRNAs. According to the mutation frequency, the patients were divided into the high mutation group (genomic unstable group, top 25% of mutation frequency) and low mutation group (genomic stable group, 25% after mutation frequency). The ‘limma’ R package was used to analyse the difference in lncRNA expressions between the two groups, and the “survival,” “caret,” and “glmnet” R packages were used to screen lncRNAs that are related to clinical prognosis. Subsequently, a prognosis-related risk model was constructed and verified through different methods.

Results: According to the lncRNA expression data in TCGA, we found that seven lncRNAs (i.e. AL645608.6, LINC01436, AL645608.2, AC073534.2, LINC02593, AL512413.1, and AL645608.4) were highly correlated with the clinical prognosis of patients with AML, so we constructed a prognostic risk model of lncRNAs based on LINC01436, AC073534.2, and LINC02593. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses of differentially expressed lncRNA-related target genes were performed, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were created, the applicability of the model in children was assessed using the TARGET database and the model was externally verified using the GEO database. Furthermore, different expression patterns of lncRNAs were validated in various AML cell lines derived from Homo sapiens.

Conclusions: We have established a lncRNA prognostic model that can predict the survival of patients with AML. The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that this model distinguished survival differences between patients with high- and low-risk status. The ROC analysis confirmed this finding and showed that the model had high prediction accuracy. The Kaplan-Meier analysis of the clinical subgroups showed that this model can predict prognosis independent of clinicopathological factors. Therefore, the proposed prognostic lncRNA risk model can be used as an independent biomarker of AML.
Optimal Design and Biomechanical Analysis of a Biomimetic Lightweight Design Plate for Distal Tibial Fractures: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Wang Mian , Deng Yuping , Xie Pusheng , Tan Jinchuan , Yang Yang , Ouyang Hanbin , Zhao Dongliang , Huang Gang , Huang Wenhua
Published: February 2022

The treatment of fractures of the distal tibia can be problematic due to the insubstantial soft-tissue covering this part of the anatomy. This study investigates a novel strategy for minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis of distal tibia fractures called bionic lightweight design plating. Following the structure of the animal trabecular bone, we utilized topological mathematical methods to redesign the material layout of the internal fixation device to fulfill the desired lightweight design within given boundary conditions. The results showed that this method can maintain the same stability of the construct as the original plate after a reduction in the original volume by 30%, and the differences in strain energy of plates and maximum node displacement of constructs between the constructs [RP construct vs. LP construct] were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). In the safety assessment of the constructs, the peak stress of plates between constructs was found to not be statistically significantly different under a doubled physiological load (p > 0.05). The average stress of the plates’ elements exceeding the allowable stress was analyzed, and no statistically significant differences were found between the two constructs under axial compression stress conditions (p > 0.05). The average stress of the plates’ elements in the redesigned plating construct under torsional stress conditions was 3.08% less than that of the locked plating construct (p < 0.05). Under the double physiological load condition, 89% of the elements of the plate in the redesigned plating construct and 85% of the elements of the plate in the locked plating construct were lower than the maximum safe stress of the plate, which was 410 MPa (secondary allowable stresses). That reminds us the topology optimization offer a possible way to improve the capacity of soft tissue protection while ensuring the safety of the RP construct by reducing the volume of the implants.
Elucidation of Sequence–Function Relationships for an Improved Biobutanol In Vivo Biosensor in E. coli
Authors: Kim Nancy M. , Sinnott Riley W. , Rothschild Lily N. , Sandoval Nicholas R.
Published: February 2022

Transcription factor (TF)–promoter pairs have been repurposed from native hosts to provide tools to measure intracellular biochemical production titer and dynamically control gene expression. Most often, native TF–promoter systems require rigorous screening to obtain desirable characteristics optimized for biotechnological applications. High-throughput techniques may provide a rational and less labor-intensive strategy to engineer user-defined TF–promoter pairs using fluorescence-activated cell sorting and deep sequencing methods (sort-seq). Based on the designed promoter library’s distribution characteristics, we elucidate sequence–function interactions between the TF and DNA. In this work, we use the sort-seq method to study the sequence–function relationship of a σ54-dependent, butanol-responsive TF–promoter pair, BmoR-PBMO derived from Thauera butanivorans, at the nucleotide level to improve biosensor characteristics, specifically an improved dynamic range. Activities of promoters from a mutagenized PBMO library were sorted based on gfp expression and subsequently deep sequenced to correlate site-specific sequences with changes in dynamic range. We identified site-specific mutations that increase the sensor output. Double mutant and a single mutant, CA(129,130)TC and G(205)A, in PBMO promoter increased dynamic ranges of 4-fold and 1.65-fold compared with the native system, respectively. In addition, sort-seq identified essential sites required for the proper function of the σ54-dependent promoter biosensor in the context of the host. This work can enable high-throughput screening methods for strain development.
Management of Hyperglycemia in Hospitalized Patients Receiving Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: Schönenberger Katja A. , Reber Emilie , Dürig Christa , Baumgartner Annic , Efthymiou Andriana , Huwiler Valentina V. , Laimer Markus , Bally Lia , Stanga Zeno
Published: February 2022

Almost half of inpatients on parenteral nutrition experience hyperglycemia, which increases the risk of complications and mortality. The blood glucose target for hospitalized patients on parenteral nutrition is 7.8 to 10.0 mmol/L (140 to 180 mg/dL). For patients with diabetes, the same parenteral nutrition formulae as for patients without diabetes can be used, as long as blood glucose levels can be adequately controlled using insulin. Insulin can be delivered via the subcutaneous or intravenous route or, alternatively, added to parenteral nutrition admixtures. Combining parenteral with enteral and oral nutrition can improve glycemic control in patients with sufficient endogenous insulin stores. Intravenous insulin infusion is the preferred route of insulin delivery in critical care as doses can be rapidly adjusted to altered requirements. For stable patients, insulin can be added directly to the parenteral nutrition bag. If parenteral nutrition is infused continuously over 24 hours, the subcutaneous injection of a long-acting insulin combined with correctional bolus insulin may be adequate. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the management of parenteral nutrition-associated hyperglycemia in inpatients with diabetes.
Transcriptome Profiling of Osteoblasts in a Medaka (Oryzias latipes) Osteoporosis Model Identifies Mmp13b as Crucial for Osteoclast Activation
Authors: Liu Ranran , Imangali Nurgul , Ethiraj Lalith Prabha , Carney Tom James , Winkler Christoph
Published: February 2022

Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) play crucial roles in extracellular matrix (ECM) modulation during osteoclast-driven bone remodeling. In the present study, we used transcriptome profiling of bone cells in a medaka model for osteoporosis and bone regeneration to identify factors critical for bone remodeling and homeostasis. This identified mmp13b, which was strongly expressed in osteoblast progenitors and upregulated under osteoporotic conditions and during regeneration of bony fin rays. To characterize the role of mmp13b in bone remodeling, we generated medaka mmp13b mutants by CRISPR/Cas9. We found that mmp13b mutants form normal numbers of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. However, osteoclast activity was severely impaired under osteoporotic conditions. In mmp13b mutants and embryos treated with the MMP13 inhibitor CL-82198, unmineralized collagens and mineralized bone matrix failed to be degraded. In addition, the dynamic migratory behavior of activated osteoclasts was severely affected in mmp13b mutants. Expression analysis showed that maturation genes were downregulated in mmp13b deficient osteoclasts suggesting that they remain in an immature and non-activated state. We also found that fin regeneration was delayed in mmp13b mutants with a concomitant alteration of the ECM and reduced numbers of osteoblast progenitors in regenerating joint regions. Together, our findings suggest that osteoblast-derived Mmp13b alters the bone ECM to allow the maturation and activation of osteoclasts during bone remodeling in a paracrine manner. Mmp13b-induced ECM alterations are also required to facilitate osteoblast progenitor recruitment and full regeneration of bony fin rays.
Identification of 14 Differentially-Expressed Metabolism-Related Genes as Potential Targets of Gastric Cancer by Integrated Proteomics and Transcriptomics
Authors: Zhang Yongxin , Liu Wenwei , Feng Wei , Wang Xiaofeng , Lei Tianxiang , Chen Zehong , Song Wu
Published: February 2022

Although research on the metabolism related to gastric cancer (GC) is gradually gaining increasing interest, there are few studies regarding metabolism-related genes in GC. Understanding the characteristic changes of metabolism-related genes at the transcriptional and protein levels in GC will help us to identify new biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets. We harvested six pairs of samples from GC patients and evaluated the differentially expressed proteins using mass spectrometry-based proteomics. RNA sequencing was conducted simultaneously to detect the corresponding expression of mRNAs, and bioinformatics analysis was used to reveal the correlation of significant differentially expressed genes. A total of 57 genes were observed to be dysregulated both in proteomics and transcriptomics. Bioinformatics analysis showed that these differentially expressed genes were significantly associated with regulating metabolic activity. Further, 14 metabolic genes were identified as potential targets for GC patients and were related to immune cell infiltration. Moreover, we found that dysregulation of branched-chain amino acid transaminase 2 (BCAT2), one of the 14 differentially expressed metabolism-related genes, was associated with the overall survival time in GC patients. We believe that this study provides comprehensive information to better understand the mechanism underlying the progression of GC metastasis and explores the potential therapeutic and prognostic metabolism-related targets for GC.
Creating a Selective Nanobody Against 3-Nitrotyrosine Containing Proteins
Authors: Van Fossen Elise M. , Grutzius Sonia , Ruby Carl E. , Mourich Dan V. , Cebra Chris , Bracha Shay , Karplus P. Andrew , Cooley Richard B. , Mehl Ryan A.
Published: February 2022

A critical step in developing therapeutics for oxidative stress-related pathologies is the ability to determine which specific modified protein species are innocuous by-products of pathology and which are causative agents. To achieve this goal, technologies are needed that can identify, characterize and quantify oxidative post translational modifications (oxPTMs). Nanobodies (Nbs) represent exquisite tools for intracellular tracking of molecules due to their small size, stability and engineerability. Here, we demonstrate that it is possible to develop a selective Nb against an oxPTM protein, with the key advance being the use of genetic code expansion (GCE) to provide an efficient source of the large quantities of high-quality, homogenous and site-specific oxPTM-containing protein needed for the Nb selection process. In this proof-of-concept study, we produce a Nb selective for a 3-nitrotyrosine (nitroTyr) modified form of the 14-3-3 signaling protein with a lesser recognition of nitroTyr in other protein contexts. This advance opens the door to the GCE-facilitated development of other anti-PTM Nbs.
Comparative Genomic Reveals Clonal Heterogeneity in Persistent Staphylococcus aureus Infection
Authors: Klein Sabrina , Morath Benedict , Weitz Daniel , Schweizer Patrick A. , Sähr Aline , Heeg Klaus , Boutin Sébastien , Nurjadi Dennis
Published: February 2022

Persistent infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus remain a clinical challenge. Adaptational mechanisms of the pathogen influencing infection persistence, treatment success, and clinical outcome in these types of infections by S. aureus have not been fully elucidated so far. We applied a whole-genome sequencing approach on fifteen isolates retrieved from a persistent S. aureus infection to determine their genetic relatedness, virulome, and resistome. The analysis of the genomic data indicates that all isolates shared a common clonal origin but displayed a heterogenous composition of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance. This heterogeneity was reflected by different mutations in the rpoB gene that were related to the phenotypic antimicrobial resistance towards rifampicin and different minimal inhibitory concentrations of oxacillin. In addition, one group of isolates had acquired the genes encoding for staphylokinase (sak) and staphylococcal complement inhibitor (scn), leading to the truncation of the hemolysin b (hlb) gene. These features are characteristic for temperate phages of S. aureus that carry genes of the immune evasion cluster and confer triple conversion by integration into the hlb gene. Modulation of immune evasion mechanisms was demonstrated by significant differences in biofilm formation capacity, while invasion and intracellular survival in neutrophils were not uniformly altered by the presence of the immune evasion cluster. Virulence factors carried by temperate phages of S. aureus may contribute to the course of infection at different stages and affect immune evasion and pathogen persistence. In conclusion, the application of comparative genomic demonstrated clonal heterogeneity in persistent S. aureus infection.
Rare Genetic Variants Associated With Myocardial Fibrosis: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Shabani Mahsima , Dutta Diptavo , Ambale-Venkatesh Bharath , Post Wendy S. , Taylor Kent D. , Rich Stephen S. , Wu Colin O. , Pereira Naveen L. , Shah Sanjiv J. , Chatterjee Nilanjan , Rotter Jerome I. , Arking Dan E. , Lima Joao A. C.
Published: February 2022

Background

Rare pathogenic variants in cardiomyopathy (CM) genes can predispose to cardiac remodeling or fibrosis. We studied the carrier status for such variants in adults without clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) in whom cardiac MRI (CMR)-derived measures of myocardial fibrosis were obtained in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

Objectives

To identify CM-associated pathogenic variants and assess their relative prevalence in participants with extensive myocardial fibrosis by CMR.

Methods

MESA whole-genome sequencing data was evaluated to capture variants in CM-associated genes (n = 82). Coding variants with a frequency of <0.1% in gnomAD and 1,000 Genomes Project databases and damaging/deleterious effects based on in-silico scoring tools were assessed by ClinVar database and ACMG curation guidelines for evidence of pathogenicity. Cases were participants with high myocardial fibrosis defined as highest quartile of extracellular volume (ECV) or native T1 time in T1-mapping CMR and controls were the remainder of participants.

Results

A total of 1,135 MESA participants had available genetic data and phenotypic measures and were free of clinical CVD at the time of CMR. We identified 6,349 rare variants in CM-associated genes in the overall MESA population, of which six pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants were present in the phenotyped subpopulation. The genes harboring P/LP variants in the case group were MYH7, CRYAB, and SCN5A. The prevalence of P/LP rare variants in cases was higher than controls (5 in 420 [1.1%] vs. 1 in 715 [0.1%], p = 0.03). We identified two MYBPC3 Variants of Unknown Significance (VUS)s with borderline pathogenicity in the case group. The left ventricle (LV) volume, mass, ejection fraction (EF), and longitudinal and circumferential strain in participants with the variants were not different compared to the overall cohort.

Conclusions

We observed a higher prevalence of rare potentially pathogenic CM associated genetic variants in participants with significant myocardial fibrosis quantified in CMR as compared to controls without significant fibrosis. No cardiac structural or functional differences were found between participants with or without P/LP variants.
Treatment Strategies for Ventricular Septal Rupture After Myocardial Infarction: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Ma Dongliang , Zhang Zhibiao , Zhang Shunye , Wang Zhongchao , Zhang Gang , Wang Chongjun , Xi Jicheng
Published: February 2022

Objective

To analyze treatment strategies, prognosis, and related risk factors of patients with postinfarction ventricular septal rupture, as well as the impact of timing of surgical intervention.

Methods

A total of 23 patients diagnosed with postinfarction ventricular septal rupture who were non-selectively admitted to Shanxi Provincial Cardiovascular Hospital between October 2017 and August 2021 were included in this study. The relevant clinical data, operation-related conditions, and follow-up data were summarized for all patients. The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used for the cumulative incidence of unadjusted mortality in patients with different treatment methods. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the independent risk factors for in-hospital patient mortality.

Results

The mean age of the study patients was 64.43 ± 7.54 years, 12(52.2%) were females. There was a significant difference in terms of postoperative residual shunt between the surgical and interventional closure groups (5.9 vs. 100%, respectively; P < 0.001). The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 21.7%; however, even though the surgical group had a lower mortality rate than the interventional closure group (17.6 vs. 33%, respectively), this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.576). Univariate analysis showed that in-hospital survival group patients were significantly younger than in-hospital death group patients (62.50 ± 6.53 vs. 71.40 ± 7.37 years, respectively; P = 0.016), and that women had a significantly higher in-hospital mortality rate than men (P = 0.037). The average postoperative follow-up time was 18.11 ± 13.92 months; as of the end of the study all 14 patients in the surgical group were alive, Two out of four patients survived and two patients died after interventional closure. Univariate analysis showed that interventional closure was a risk factor for long-term death (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Surgical operation is the most effective treatment for patients with postinfarction ventricular septal rupture; however, the best timing of the operation should be based on the patient's condition and comprehensively determined through real-time evaluation and monitoring. We believe that delaying the operation time as much as possible when the patient's condition permits can reduce postoperative mortality. Interventional closure can be used as a supplementary or bridge treatment for surgical procedures.
A Guide to Left Bundle Branch Area Pacing Using Stylet-Driven Pacing Leads
Authors: De Pooter Jan , Wauters Aurelien , Van Heuverswyn Frederic , Le polain de Waroux Jean-Benoit
Published: February 2022

Left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) has emerged as a novel pacing modality which aims to capture the left bundle branch area and avoids the detrimental effects of right ventricular pacing. Current approaches for LBBAP have been developed using lumen-less pacing leads (LLL). Expanding the tools and leads for LBBAP might contribute to a wider adoption of this technique. Standard stylet-driven pacing leads (SDL) differ from current LLL as they are characterized by a wider lead body diameter, are stylet-supported and often have a non-isodiametric extendable helix design. Although LBBAP can be performed safely with SDL, the implant technique of LBBAP differs compared to LLL. In the current overview we describe in detail how different types of SDL can be used to target a deep septal position and provide a practical guide on how to achieve LBBAP using SDL.
Dynamic Dust Source Regions and the Associated Natural and Anthropogenic Dust Emissions at the Global Scale
Authors: Wang Zhen , Chen Siyu , Liu Chenxi , Chen Yu , Gong Yongqi , Cheng Shanlin
Published: February 2022

Dust emission is a key factor for reproducing dust’s physical process and its climate impact in dust modeling. However, previous studies always employed static land cover types to classify potential dust sources, ignoring dynamic variations in the surface bareness, which may lead to large uncertainties in the simulated dust emission fluxes, especially in regard to anthropogenic dust (AD) emission induced by wind erosion of human-disturbed land surfaces. Combined with anthropogenic land use and land cover change, dynamic dust source regions and the associated natural dust (ND) and AD emissions at the global scale from 2001 to 2018 are estimated in this study. The results show that the AD emissions exhibit a significant seasonal variability and dispersion at the global scale in contrast to the generally concentrated spatial distributions of ND emissions. The high-value ND areas are primarily located in the Sahara Desert, Arabian Peninsula, Karakum Desert, East Asia, Australian Desert, and other large desert areas, and the ND emission flux reaches a maximum of 50 μg m−2 s−1 or higher. High values of the annual average AD emission fluxes are located in southern Russia (124.6 ± 26.6 μg m−2 s−1), northern China (103.2 ± 21.9 μg m−2 s-1), the central and northern United States (56.0 ± 17.4 μg m−2 s−1), and the southern side of the Sahara Desert (74.1 ± 14.2 μg m−2 s−1). Especially in southern Russia and northern Kazakhstan, the AD emission flux accounts for the largest contribution to the total dust emission flux, at 98.2%. The ND emission flux demonstrates an upward trend in the central Sahara Desert, southern Arabian Desert, and Iranian regions and a significant downward trend in northwestern China. The AD emissions exhibit a decreasing trend in northern China, western India, the southern side of the Sahara Desert, and the central United States from 2001 to 2018 due to the implementation of environmental protection policies and a decrease in the wind speed, with the highest rate of decline reaching −74.9 μg m−2 s−1/decade. This study provided confidence for the further investigation of dust mass balance and the climatic impacts of natural and anthropogenic dust.
Elevated Myoglobin in Patients With Primary Aldosteronism: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kang Bing , Peng Chuan , Wang Kanran , Song Ying , Yang Yi , Ma Linqiang , Mei Mei , Hu Jinbo , Yang Shumin , Wu Fei-Fei , Li Qifu
Published: February 2022

Objectives

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is characterized by the autonomous excessive production of aldosterone in the adrenal cortex. Aldosterone is associated with damages to heart muscle and skeletal muscle. The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum levels of muscle injury markers and their associated factors in patients with primary aldosteronism.

Methods

We retrospectively enrolled subjects with PA and essential hypertension (EH) who had completed testing for serum high sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT), creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB) and myoglobin from the database of the Chongqing Primary Aldosteronism Study (CONPASS). Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to analyze the influencing factors of myocardial injury markers.

Results

In total, 278 patients with PA and 445 patients with EH were enrolled in this study. Compared with EH patients, serum concentrations of hs-TnT [7.0 (4.0–12.0) vs. 6.0 (3.0–11.0) ng/L; p=0.005] and myoglobin [24.2 (21.0–38.1) vs. 21.8 (21.0–31.9) μg/L; p=0.023] were significantly higher among PA patients, while no significant difference of CK-MB was found between two groups [1.4 (1.0–2.0) vs. 1.3 (0.9–1.9) μg/L; p=0.154]. Univariate linear regression analysis showed that myoglobin was negatively correlated with serum potassium (β=-0.31; p<0.01) and positively correlated with plasma aldosterone concentration (β=0.40; p<0.01) in the PA group, while no significant correlation was found between hs-TnT and biochemical parameters. After adjusting for multiple confounders, myoglobin was negatively correlated with serum potassium (β=-0.15; p<0.05) and positively correlated with plasma aldosterone concentration (β=0.34; p<0.01) in the PA group.

Conclusions

The serum level of myoglobin was significantly increased in PA patients, and myoglobin was independently correlated with plasma aldosterone concentration.