bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pheno‐Morphological Screening and Acoustic Sorting of 3D Multicellular Aggregates Using Drop Millifluidics
Authors: Rembotte Leon , Beneyton Thomas , Buisson Lionel , Badon Amaury , Boyreau Adeline , Douillet Camille , Hermant Loic , Jana Anirban , Nassoy Pierre , Baret Jean‐Christophe
Published: January 2025

Three‐dimensional multicellular aggregates (MCAs) like organoids and spheroids have become essential tools to study the biological mechanisms involved in the progression of diseases. In cancer research, they are now widely used as in vitro models for drug testing. However, their analysis still relies on tedious manual procedures, which hinders their routine use in large‐scale biological assays. Here, a novel drop millifluidic approach is introduced to screen and sort large populations containing over one thousand MCAs: ImOCAS (Image‐based Organoid Cytometry and Acoustic Sorting). This system utilizes real‐time image processing to detect pheno‐morphological traits in MCAs. They are then encapsulated in millimetric drops, actuated on‐demand using the acoustic radiation force. The performance of ImOCAS is demonstrated by sorting spheroids with uniform sizes from a heterogeneous population, and by isolating organoids from spheroids with different phenotypes. This approach lays the groundwork for high‐throughput screening and high‐content analysis of MCAs with controlled morphological and phenotypical properties, which promises accelerated progress in biomedical research.
A Susceptible Cell‐Selective Delivery (SCSD) of mRNA‐Encoded Cas13d Against Influenza Infection
Authors: Wu Zhuanli , Zhao Chengcheng , Ai Hui , Wang Zhen , Chen Mingyue , Lyu Yanli , Tong Qi , Liu Litao , Sun Honglei , Pu Juan , Zhang Ran , Hu Xiaoxiang , Liu Jinhua , Ma Xiaowei , Sun Yipeng
Published: January 2025

To bolster the capacity for managing potential infectious diseases in the future, it is critical to develop specific antiviral drugs that can be rapidly designed and delivered precisely. Herein, a CRISPR/Cas13d system for broad‐spectrum targeting of influenza A virus (IAV) from human, avian, and swine sources is designed, incorporating Cas13d mRNA and a tandem CRISPR RNA (crRNA) specific for the highly conserved regions of viral polymerase acidic (PA), nucleoprotein (NP), and matrix (M) gene segments, respectively. Given that the virus targets cells with specific receptors but is not limited to a single organ, a Susceptible Cell Selective Delivery (SCSD) system is developed by modifying a lipid nanoparticle with a peptide mimicking the function of the hemagglutinin of influenza virus to target sialic acid receptors. The SCSD system can precisely deliver an all‐RNA‐based CRISPR/Cas13d system into potentially infected cells. This drug is shown to reduce the viral load in the lungs by 2.37 log10 TCID50 mL−1 and protect 100% of mice from lethal influenza infection. The SCSD‐based CRISPR/Cas13d system shows promise for the flexible and efficient therapy of infections caused by rapidly evolving and novel viruses.
Deciphering the Energy Transfer Mechanism Across Metal Halide Perovskite‐Phthalocyanine Interfaces
Authors: Cortés‐Villena Alejandro , Cadranel Alejandro , Azizi Kobra , Torres Tomás , Guldi Dirk M. , Pérez‐Prieto Julia , Galian Raquel E.
Published: January 2025

Energy transfer processes in nanohybrids are at the focal point of conceptualizing, designing, and realizing novel energy‐harvesting systems featuring nanocrystals that absorb photons and transfer their energy unidirectionally to surface‐immobilized functional dyes. Importantly, the functionality of these dyes defines the ultimate application. Herein, CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are interfaced with zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) dyes featuring carboxylic acid. The functionality is the photosensitization of singlet oxygen. The CsPbBr3@ZnPc nanohybrid is to the best of our knowledge the first example, in which an unusual Dexter‐type singlet energy transfer between metal halide perovskite nanocrystals and phthalocyanine dyes enables singlet oxygen generation as a proof‐of‐concept application. A detailed temporal picture of the singlet energy transfer mechanism is made possible by combining key time‐resolved spectroscopic techniques, that are, femtosecond, nanosecond, and microsecond transient absorption spectroscopy as well as time‐correlated single photon counting, and target analyses. In fact, three excitonic components in the NCs govern a concerted Dexter‐type energy transfer. The work illustrates the potential of CsPbBr3@ZnPc as a singlet photosensitizer of ZnPc to produce singlet oxygen (1O2) almost quantitatively while photoexciting CsPbBr3.
On‐Chip Metamaterial‐Enhanced Mid‐Infrared Photodetectors with Built‐In Encryption Features
Authors: Hou Shicong , Han Li , Zhang Shi , Zhang Libo , Zhang Kaixuan , Xiao Kening , Yang Yao , Zhang Yunduo , Wen Yuanfeng , Mo Wenqi , Tan Yiran , Yao Yifan , He Jiale , Tang Weiwei , Guo Xuguang , Zhu Yiming , Chen Xiaoshuang
Published: January 2025

The integration of mid‐infrared (MIR) photodetectors with built‐in encryption capabilities holds immense promise for advancing secure communications in decentralized networks and compact sensing systems. However, achieving high sensitivity, self‐powered operation, and reliable performance at room temperature within a miniaturized form factor remains a formidable challenge, largely due to constraints in MIR light absorption and the intricacies of embedding encryption at the device level. Here, a novel on‐chip metamaterial‐enhanced, 2D tantalum nickel selenide (Ta₂NiSe₅)‐based photodetector, meticulously designed with a custom‐engineered plasmonic resonance microstructure to achieve self‐powered photodetection in the nanoampere range is unveiled. Gold cross‐shaped resonators are demonstrated that generate plasmon‐induced ultrahot electrons, significantly enhancing the absorption of MIR photons with energies far below the bandgap and boosting electron thermalization in Ta₂NiSe₅, yielding a 0.1 V bias responsivity of 47 mA/W—an order of magnitude higher than previously reported values. Furthermore, the implementation of six reconfigurable optoelectronic logic computing (“AND”, “OR”, “NAND”, “NOR”, “XOR”, and “XNOR”) are illustrated via tailored optical and electrical input‐output configurations, thereby establishing a platform for real‐time infrared‐encrypted communication. This work pioneers a new direction in secure MIR communications, advancing the development of high‐performance, encryption‐capable photonic systems.
Anion Localization on Termini of a Non‐Fullerene Acceptor Aids Charge Transport
Authors: Guo Junjun , Appleby Martin V. , Ding Kui , Shan Tong , Shipp James , Sazanovich Igor V. , Chekulaev Dimitri , Qiao Zhuoran , Fernández‐Terán Ricardo J. , Crespo Otero Rachel , Gasparini Nicola , Zhong Hongliang , Weinstein Julia A. , Clarke Tracey M.
Published: January 2025

Non‐fullerene acceptors have revolutionised organic photovoltaics. However, greater fundamental understanding is needed of the crucial relationships between molecular structure and photophysical mechanisms. Herein, a combination of spectroscopic, morphology, and device characterization techniques are used to explore these relationships for a high‐performing non‐fullerene acceptor, anti‐PDFC. It focuses on transient absorption spectroscopy across multiple timescales and ultrafast time‐resolved vibrational spectroscopy to acquire the “holy grail” of simultaneous structural and dynamic information for anti‐PDFC and its blend with the well‐known conjugated polymer PM6. Most significantly, it is observed that the singlet exciton of anti‐PDFC is localised on the perylene diimide central core of the molecule, but the radical anion is primarily localised on the fluorinated indene malonitrile terminal units (which are common to many state‐of‐the‐art non‐fullerene acceptors, including the Y6 family). This electron transfer from the central core to the termini of an adjacent molecule is facilitated by a close interaction between the termini and the central core, as evidenced by single crystal diffraction data and excited state calculations. Finally, the very efficient charge extraction measured for PM6:anti‐PDFC photovoltaic devices may be correlated with this anion localization, enabling effective charge transport channels and thus enhancing device performance.
The Role of Technical Efficiency Gains on Greenhouse Gas Emissions: An Analysis of Brazilian Sugarcane Production
Authors: Soares Pedro , Spolador Humberto Francisco Silva
Published: January 2025

This article aimed to investigate the contribution of technical efficiency gains to reducing the emission of greenhouse gases in Brazilian sugarcane production and to estimate the monetary compensation that producers should receive to reduce pollution. Using an output distance function and its duality with the revenue function, we estimated the technical efficiency of sugarcane production in Brazilian municipalities and the shadow price of reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the production of this crop. The main result was an overall technical efficiency average of 81%, which indicates that if producers adopt better management practices, the sugarcane production could be expanded by 19% with a contraction by the same magnitude in CO2 emissions. We also estimated a mean shadow price of R$9.18 per ton of carbon dioxide, with the highest estimated values in the states of Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná, Mato Grosso, and Bahia. However, in the state of São Paulo, the most representative national producer, the estimated shadow price is R$6.34 per ton of carbon dioxide. In this sense, public policies, especially through public financing and public technical assistance, could potentially mitigate the producers' losses in the short run since pollution decline usually requires more mechanization.
Selection of solvents for integrated CO2 absorption and electrochemical reduction systems
Authors: Tzirakis Fragkiskos , Diaz Luis A. , Chararas Ioannis , de Oca Daniel Molina Montes , Zhao Zeyu , Seferlis Panos , Tsivintzelis Ioannis , Papadopoulos Athanasios I.
Published: January 2025

Solvent‐based electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2R) enables the production of chemicals or fuels using CO2 from a preceding absorption process. Employing previously tested CO2 capture solvents does not ensure their suitability for either CO2R or integrated CO2 absorption‐reduction. We propose solvent selection criteria that include the CO2 solubility, kinetic constant, ionic conductivity, concentration of the bicarbonate, carbamate, and solvent cation in the CO2‐loaded solution, and sustainability indicators. They are implemented for solvent selection (a) from novel, aqueous mixtures of N‐methylcyclohexylamine (MCA) with piperazine (PZ), 2‐amino‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanol (AMP), potassium hydroxide (KOH), and potassium chloride (KCl) and (b) from aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA), AMP, KOH, MCA, and PZ solutions. Versions of a modified Kent‐Eisenberg model for strong bases, carbamate, and non‐carbamate‐forming amine solutions are developed and parameterized through experimental equilibrium measurements. CO2R experimental results are presented for solutions of KOH and MCA + KOH, as these indicate desired trade‐offs for CO2 absorption and reduction.
Uncovering Antiviral Potential of Cistus ladanifer Extracts Against HSV‐1 and SARS‐CoV‐2 by In Vitro and In Silico Analysis.
Authors: Bouothmany Kaoutar , Bourhia Mohammed , chebaibi Mohammed , Rhazzar Zineb , Addoum Boutaina , Khallouki Farid , EL Mzibri Mohamed , Elouennass Mosatafa , Ennibi Khalid , Almaary Khalid S. , Qamar Muhammad Usman , Touil Nadia , Benbacer Laila
Published: January 2025

Infectious diseases remain a major global health concern. Cistus ladanifer, a plant commonly employed in Moroccan traditional medicine, has been identified as a potential antiviral candidate. This study aimed to evaluate the antiviral activity of C. ladanifer extracts in vitro and in silico against two respiratory viruses: Herpes simplex virus and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants of concern Delta and Omicron. Toxic prediction of the main compounds identified by Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry from Cistus ladanifer was performed in silico via ProTox‐II software. Molecular docking was subsequently performed via Maestro version 11.5 software from Schrödinger to gain a comprehensive understanding of their biological activity. The extracts were subjected to in vitro antiviral screening against the selected strains via real‐time RT‒qPCR. Our docking estimation supported the in vitro results, and a diverse array of compounds extracted from Cistus ladanifer demonstrated significant antiviral activity with a low toxicity profile. Accordingly, in vitro data revealed a dose‐dependent effect of the studied extracts, with particular efficacy against the Omicron variant. With the antiviral evaluation and docking outcomes in hand, we suggest a plausible mechanism of action for these compounds through further investigation into the effectiveness of Cistus ladanifer against other respiratory viruses.
Corrosion Inhibition Effect of 2‐([(1E)‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)methylene]amino) Benzoic Acid on Nickel in Sulfuric Acid: Electrochemical, Charge‐Discharge and Computational Studies
Authors: Abd El‐Lateef Hany M. , Khalaf Mai M. , Abdou Aly , Abd El‐Shafy Shilkamy Hoda
Published: January 2025

Ni‐based alloys have excellent corrosion resistance and are widely used in the petrochemical industry. In this study, the effect of sulfuric acid on the corrosion resistance of Ni was analyzed by electrochemical tests and theoretical studies in the absence and presence of 2‐([(1E)‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)methylene]amino)benzoic acid (H2 L). Sulfuric acid's corrosive effect, notably in fertilizer production, poses challenges for materials like nickel used in storage and transport. Discussion of nickel corrosion which is frequently used to handle sulfuric acid is given in this paper. The corrosion behavior of nickel (Ni) metal and the inhibitory effect of 2‐([(1E)‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)methylene]amino)benzoic acid (H2L) were investigated using a combination of electrochemical and computational approaches. In this study, 0.5 M sulfuric acid served as the corrosive medium. The inhibitory effect of H2L was evaluated using Tafel plots and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Results show a gradual decrease in the corrosion current density (Icorr.) over time, accompanied by an increase in inhibition efficiency, attributed to rising additive concentrations. The maximum inhibition efficiency (η=97.8 %) was achieved at 1×10−5 M additive concentration and 25 °C. The additive predominantly affects the anodic reaction compared to the cathodic reaction and reduces NiO formation on electrode surfaces. Increasing solution temperature enhances inhibition efficiency, indicating chemisorption following the Langmuir model, supported by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis confirms that H2 L inclusion significantly enhances nickel corrosion resistance. Charge‐discharge processes of Ni were studied in 0.5 M H2SO4 containing various dosages of the additive at applied distinct current densities. It is interesting to note that both discharging time and specific capacitance rises with raising the applied current density at each dosage of additive in 0.5 M H2SO4. The most enhancements were obtained at presence of 1×10−5 M of the additive, as corrosion resistance and specific capacitance (0.391 mAh at 90 mA cm−2). Also, improved power and energy features are obtained in the presence of this concentration of the additive. Theoretical Density Functional Theory (DFT) studies reveal that H2L possesses a low ΔEgap, facilitating chemical adsorption during the inhibition process, underlining the innovative nature of this corrosion inhibition strategy. Furthermore, the H2L−Ni interaction was effectively simulated using the DFT/B3LYP/6‐311+G**, providing valuable insights into the compound's corrosion inhibition capabilities.
Esketamine Nasal Spray in Major Depressive Disorder: A Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Wang Zhibin , Jiang Lili , Ma Wenzhuang , Li Xingyue , Gao Qiushi , Lian Siyu , Yu Weiwei
Published: January 2025

Despite being approved by the US FDA and the EU European Medicines Agency, the performance of esketamine nasal spray as an adjunctive therapy with an antidepressant in major depressive disorder is still controversial. Comprehensive retrieval in Embase, Pubmed, and Web of Science was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials comparing esketamine nasal spray versus control in major depressive disorder or treatment‐resistant depression. The primary efficacy outcome was a reduction of the Montgomery‐Asberg Depression Rating Scale, from baseline to Day 2 or Day 28 for patients with or without suicidal ideation, respectively. The long‐term efficacy outcome was the relapse rate of patients who achieved stable remission. The certainty of evidence was assessed according to the Cochrane recommendation. Esketamine nasal spray was superior to placebo in reduction of Montgomery‐Asberg Depression Rating Scale from baseline to Day 28 in patients without suicidal ideation (standardized mean difference: −0.24, 95% confidence interval: −0.38, −0.09, P = 0.001, I2 = 24%), and on Day 2 in patients with suicidal ideation (standardized mean difference: −0.30, 95% confidence interval: −0.47, −0.12, P = 0.0008, I2 = 0%). The long‐term relapse rate was significantly lower in the esketamine nasal spray group than in the placebo/quetiapine group (risk ratio: RR: 0.60, 95% confidence interval: 0.45–0.80, I2 = 0%). The rate of suicidal ideation was similar between the two groups. The certainty of evidence was graded as “moderate” or “high” in the abovementioned results. Esketamine nasal spray in conjunction with an antidepressant effectively controls short‐term and long‐term depressive symptoms in major depressive disorder and treatment‐resistant depression, with a manageable trade‐off between efficacy and safety.
Longitudinal monitoring of class‐switched memory‐B cell proportions identifies plausible germinal center failure in patients with suspected immune disorders
Authors: Knight Vijaya , Starich Olivia , Dutmer Cullen M. , Abbott Jordan K.
Published: January 2025

A reduced proportion of peripheral class‐switched memory B cells (CSM‐B cells) is presumed to indicate ineffective germinal activity. The extent that this finding corresponds to a plausible germinal center failure pathophysiology in patients not diagnosed with CVID or hyper IgM syndrome is not known. We asked if patients with low CSM‐B cells are more likely to demonstrate failure to produce serum IgA and IgG than counterparts with nonreduced class‐switched memory B cell levels, regardless of diagnosis. Patients with low CSM‐B cell levels regardless of diagnosis were retrospectively compared with their counterparts without CSM‐B cell reductions for demographics and serum immunoglobulin levels. Patients were further divided based on whether CSM‐B cell levels remained low over time or fluctuated, and these groups were compared for serum immunoglobulin levels and diagnoses. Of 305 patients, those with CSM‐B cell (n = 50) reductions were more likely to have low serum IgA and IgG than those without reductions. Of the 78 patients in whom CSM‐B cells were measured repeatedly over time, 21 patients had low CSM‐B cell levels, but this finding was persistent in only 10. Patients with persistent CSM‐B cell reductions universally had severe serum IgA and IgG deficiencies and patients with transient CSM‐B cell reduction often did not. These two groups contained divergent diagnoses and likely represent separate pathophysiologic groups. Quantifying CSM‐B cells as a percentage of CD27+ B cells repeatedly over time is a robust approach to identifying patients with a plausible germinal center failure endotype.
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance‐estimated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, congestion markers, and effect of empagliflozin in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and dysglycaemia (SUGAR‐DM‐HF)
Authors: Osmanska Joanna , Docherty Kieran F. , Berry Colin , Jhund Pardeep S. , Mangion Kenneth , Mark Patrick B. , McMurray John J.V. , Roditi Giles , Sattar Naveed , Petrie Mark C. , Campbell Ross T. , Lee Matthew M.Y.
Published: January 2025

Aims

A cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) approach to non‐invasively estimate left ventricular (LV) filling pressure was recently developed and shown to correlate with invasively measured pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP). We examined the association between CMR‐estimated PCWP (CMR‐PCWP) and other imaging and biomarker measures of congestion, and the effect of empagliflozin on these, in the SUGAR‐DM‐HF trial (NCT03485092).

Methods and results

SUGAR‐DM‐HF enrolled 105 patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and pre‐diabetes or type 2 diabetes who were randomly assigned to empagliflozin 10 mg or placebo once daily for 36 weeks. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was performed at screening and physical examination, lung ultrasound (LUS), CMR, and blood sample collection at baseline and 36 weeks. The mean age of participants was 69 years, mean LV ejection fraction was 33%, and mean CMR‐PCWP was 15.1 mmHg (standard deviation 2.5 mmHg). CMR‐PCWP correlated with log N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (Pearson's r = 0.31, p = 0.0012), total number of B‐lines on LUS (Spearman's rho = 0.34, p < 0.001), TTE average E/e' (r = 0.22, p = 0.03) and CMR ventricular volumes (LV end‐systolic volume: r = 0.51, p < 0.001; right ventricular end‐systolic volume: r = 0.55, p < 0.001). Mean CMR‐PCWP decreased from baseline to 36 weeks by −0.37 (95% confidence interval −0.78 to 0.05) mmHg and −0.17 (−0.69 to 0.36) mmHg in the empagliflozin and placebo groups, respectively; placebo‐corrected difference −0.43 mmHg (−1.09 to 0.23, p = 0.20).

Conclusion

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance‐estimated PCWP correlates with clinical and ultrasound markers of congestion in HFrEF. CMR not only enables assessment of cardiac structure and function but also provides a non‐invasive assessment of LV filling pressure.
Growth of Two‐Phase Bubble‐Drop in a Three‐Phase Direct‐Contact Heat Transfer System: Experimental Study
Authors: Kareem Ahmed R. , Mahood Hameed B. , Baqir Ali Sh.
Published: January 2025

Optimizing the continuous phase hydrostatic pressure and the temperature differential between working phases is essential in designing direct contact heat exchangers. This study presents an experimental investigation into the influences of the continuous phase active height, corresponding to hydrostatic pressure, and the temperature differential between the working liquids on the evaporation dynamics of a single volatile drop in an immiscible fluid. The experiments were carried out within a Perspex rectangular column with 100 × 100 × 600 mm dimensions. N‐pentane (C5H12) at its saturation temperature was utilized as the dispersed phase, while the continuous phase comprised warm water at three distinct temperatures, resulting in three distinct Jacobian numbers (Ja = 18, 30, and 45). Three active water heights (300, 400, and 500 mm) were investigated to assess the impact of hydrostatic pressure on droplet evaporation. A high‐speed camera was employed to capture the droplet's evaporation along the continuous phase's active height, and the images were analyzed using FASTCAM (PFV‐4) and AutoCAD (3D) software. The key parameters measured included droplet volume (or diameter), open angle (β), vaporization ratio (x), and the total time required for complete droplet evaporation. The experimental findings indicate that the droplet's diameter, open‐angle (β), and vaporization ratio (x) increased over time and were notably influenced by the continuous phase hydrostatic pressure. Additionally, the growth rate of the two‐phase drop‐bubble accelerated, and the total time for complete evaporation decreased as the active height of the continuous phase was reduced. An empirical correlation for the two‐phase drop‐bubble size in terms of Ja, H, Ho, and was developed and compared successfully with the experimental data with a maximum error of about
Symptom Attributions in Illness Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Holden Monique L. , Gooi Chien H. , Antognelli Sophie , Joubert Amy , Sabel Isaac , Stavropoulos Lauren , Newby Jill M.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

A major characteristic of health anxiety is the tendency to attribute benign bodily sensations to serious illnesses. This has been supported by empirical research in non‐clinical samples, and samples of individuals diagnosed with Hypochondriasis. However, no study to date has explored symptom attribution styles of individuals with the DSM‐5 diagnosis of Illness Anxiety Disorder.

Methods

Sixty‐one participants, including a clinical Illness Anxiety Disorder (n = 35) and healthy control (n = 26) sample, completed self‐report measures of health anxiety and an Attribution Task, whereby they were presented with eight common bodily sensations and asked to generate possible explanations for them.

Results

Results showed that relative to healthy controls, participants with Illness Anxiety Disorder overall were more likely to make more serious, ‘catastrophic’ somatic attributions to symptoms, and less likely to generate non‐threatening normalising explanations. These results also extended to their initial attributions, conceptualised as the ‘jumping to conclusions’ bias, and as an exploratory index of flexibility, they were also found to make less attributions overall compared to healthy controls.

Conclusions

Findings provide support for the cognitive behavioural theory of health anxiety, and highlight the importance of assessing and addressing symptom attributions with clients with illness anxiety disorder.
Room‐Temperature and Ultrafast Synthesis of Sub‐4 nm Yb3+/Nd3+ Ions‐Doped CaMoO4 Nanocrystals with Near‐Infrared Photoluminescence Quantum Yield of 40%
Authors: Liu Mengxin , Pan Jiejun , Shi Xinan , Zou Bingsuo , Pan Daocheng
Published: January 2025

Rare‐earth doped metal oxide nanocrystals with high visible luminescence have been widely used in lighting and display applications owing to their low toxicity, and excellent thermal and chemical stability. However, the room‐temperature preparation of near‐infrared (NIR) luminescent rare‐earth doped metal oxide nanocrystals remains a challenge. Herein, sub‐4 nm Yb3+/Nd3+‐doped CaMoO4 nanoparticles are prepared by a facile room‐temperature ligand‐assisted coprecipitation method, which can be completed within 1 min under ambient conditions. Short‐chain butyric acid and butylamine as binary ligands play a crucial role in the synthesis of NIR luminescent nanoparticles. The as‐prepared nanocrystals can be well dispersed in organic solvents such as chloroform since they are capped with butyric acid and butylamine. The energy transfers from ions to Yb3+ and Nd3+ ions are systematically investigated in CaMoO4:Yb3+ and CaMoO4:Nd3+ nanoparticles, respectively. More importantly, this ultrafast and room‐temperature synthesis strategy is particularly suitable for the large‐scale preparation of Yb3+/Nd3+‐doped CaMoO4 nanoparticles (≈23 g) with NIR emission, which provides new ideas and possibilities for the commercial production of extremely small and NIR‐emitting nanophosphors.
Artificial Intelligence–Based Characterisation of Eco‐Friendly TiO2‐Based Nanofluid Blended With Moringa oleifera Oil
Authors: S. Rubalya Valantina , K. Ghousiya Begum , S. Amsavahini , S. Janani , G. Monisha
Published: January 2025

Characterisation of eco‐friendly biodegradable lubricant is a significant investigation in the replacement of the toxic mineral/synthetic oil that creates a negative impact on health. In this study, the nanoparticle titanium dioxide (TiO2) was synthesised by the coprecipitate method and dispersed in the palm oil blended with Moringa oleifera seed oil (enriched palm oil‐EPO) to prepare a biodegradable lubricant. Structural and compositional analysis of TiO2 nanoparticles was carried out using scanning electron microscope (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis (FTIR). The biodegradable lubricant nature of TiO2 dispersed at different volume fractions in EPO was investigated by varying viscosity and density with temperature (30°C–60°C), and the Brownian motion of the particle in the oil was studied through the diffusion constant, diffusion time and Brownian velocity. The biodegradable lubricant nature of TiO2 has been analysed using machine learning (ML) techniques that categorise the lubricant nature of the blended oil.
Study finds encouraging results in psilocybin treatment for TRD patients
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: January 2025

Results of new psychedelic research aimed at patients with severe treatment resistant depression (TRD) found significant decreases in their depressive symptoms. Researchers of the open‐label study also found significant safety and efficacy of synthetic psilocybin in TRD patients.
Researchers using neuroimaging are urged to improve inclusivity
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: January 2025

Mental health research using neuroimaging has not been designed to capture sociodemographic factors that influence biology and behavior, a group of research professionals argues in a newly published paper. The authors' recommendations for more inclusivity in these studies have relevance to all aspects of mental health research, as well as to biomedical research in general.
Cincinnati federal grant to expand workforce, support K‐12 MH
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: January 2025

Recognizing the need to expand the state's behavioral health workforce and create culturally inclusive environments for students, the U.S. Department of Education (DOE) has awarded a five‐year $3.75 million grant to support an initiative to improve mental health and education in Cincinnati.
Administration awards 14 states, D.C. with CCBHC grants
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: January 2025

The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), has awarded 14 states and Washington, D.C. with $1 million, one‐year Certified Community Behavioral Health Clinic (CCBHC) Medicaid Demonstration Program planning grants, with funding authorized by the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act of 2022 to address the ongoing national mental health and substance use disorder crises, according to a Jan. 7 U.S. Health and Human Services news release stated.
Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) for 3D Reconstruction of Monocular Endoscopic Video in Sinus Surgery
Authors: Ruthberg Jeremy S. , Bly Randall , Gunderson Nicole , Chen Pengcheng , Alighezi Mahdi , Seibel Eric J. , Abuzeid Waleed M.
Published: January 2025

Objective

To validate the use of neural radiance fields (NeRF), a state‐of‐the‐art computer vision technique, for rapid, high‐fidelity 3‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction in endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).

Study Design

An experimental cadaveric pilot study.

Setting

Academic medical center.

Methods

Complete bilateral endoscopic sinus surgery was performed on 3 cadaveric specimens, followed by postsurgical nasal endoscopy using a 0° rigid endoscope. NeRF was utilized to generate 3D reconstructions from the monocular endoscopic video feed. Reconstructions were calibrated, scaled, and then co‐registered to postoperative computed tomography (CT) image sets to assess accuracy. Reconstruction error was determined by comparing ethmoid sinus measurements on NeRF reconstructions and CT image sets.

Results

NeRF‐based 3D scene reconstructions were successfully generated and co‐registered to corresponding CT images for 5 out of 6 cadaveric nasal cavity sides. The mean reconstruction errors and standard error of the mean (SEM) for ethmoid length and height were 0.17 (SEM 0.59) and 0.70 (SEM 0.44) mm, respectively.

Conclusion

NeRF demonstrates significant potential for dynamic, high‐fidelity 3D surgical field reconstruction in ESS, offering submillimeter accuracy comparable to postoperative CT data in cadaveric specimens. This innovative approach may ultimately augment dynamic real‐time intraoperative navigation through co‐registration of the 3D reconstruction with preoperative imaging to potentially reduce the risk of injury to critical structures, optimize surgical completeness and, thereby, improve surgical outcomes. Further refinement and validation in live surgical settings are necessary to fully realize its clinical utility.
Research on compression molding and curing process of CFRP/steel laminates
Authors: Xue Wenkai , Zhang Zhiqiang , Jia Hongjie , Ren Mingwen , Li Chunyang
Published: January 2025

Metal and Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) laminates exhibit excellent mechanical properties and lightweight advantages, leading to increasing applications in automotive part manufacturing. Compared to the high costs and low efficiency of autoclave processing, the compression molding method of laminates has the characteristics of low cost and high efficiency, making it suitable for the mass production of the automotive industry. In this paper, four kinds of compression molding processes were designed according to the curing degree of resin before forming, and the influence of the curing degree of resin on the mechanical properties and surface accuracy of CFRP/DC01 steel hybrid parts was studied. The bending strength, energy absorption, shape accuracy and thickness distribution of formed parts were systematically evaluated. Experimental results indicated that as the resin curing degree increased, the formability of the laminates decreased, resulting in reduced mechanical properties of the hybrid parts. Cross‐sections microscopic morphology of the formed part showed that there were serious defects of delamination and fiber fracture in the parts formed after the resin was cured completely, and the bending strength and shape accuracy were the worst. Compared with the 120‐min full curing of the resin in the dies of technique 1, the technique 4, which combined 5‐min pre‐curing in the dies with full final curing in the aging furnace, could greatly improve the production efficiency of the parts. The parts produced by technique 4 could ensure good mechanical properties and high surface accuracy.

Highlights

A new compression molding and curing process enhanced mechanical properties of CFRP/steel hybrid parts.

The process balanced high performance with reduced production time.

The bending strength, energy absorption capacity and shape accuracy of formed parts were obviously enhanced.

The effect of resin curing degree on the formability of laminates was studied.
RBF Neural Network‐Based Distributed Nonlinear Model Predictive Control on Tandem Cold Rolling Stands
Authors: Niu Yue‐Yan , Li Xiao‐Jian , Deng Chao
Published: January 2025

The precision of the strip thickness is an index of significance in the tandem cold rolling process which makes a difference to the strip quality. However, it is hard to build an accurate mathematical model for thickness control in the tandem cold rolling process, because there exist coupling relationships of complexity between the adjacent stands and unmeasurable process parameters. To overcome the difficulties, a distributed nonlinear model predictive control (DNMPC) strategy with a deep learning method is put forward in this paper, where the auto‐regressive radial basis function neural networks are established to model the tandem cold rolling process. For each stand, not only the control input and exit thickness output data of this stand, but also the data of the neighbor stands are selected as the input of the neural network. Besides, the design of the distributed nonlinear model predictive controller turns into an optimization problem, and the gradient method is applied to solve it, which gets rid of the leaning upon mathematical models. Moreover, the stability of the developed method is proven, which indicates the boundedness of the tracking error. The simulations are carried out on three‐stand and five‐stand examples, and the results verify the efficacy of the proposed DNMPC strategy.
Urban agriculture—An assessment of the potential of private gardens to cover the nutritional needs in four Swedish cities
Authors: Bengtsson Agneta , Haller Henrik
Published: January 2025

Private gardens constitute a large part of many cities, making them a potential contributor to food security in urban areas. The aim of this study is to increase knowledge about the potential of private gardens to cover the nutritional needs of city dwellers. The case study sets out to investigate how much of the recommended intake of vegetables (as described in the reference diet proposed by the EAT–Lancet Commission) can be covered by private urban gardens in the Swedish cities of Östersund, Härnösand, Södertälje, and Lund. Statistical data on yields of six selected vegetables together with geographic information system (GIS) data were used. The estimated food production was subsequently compared to the nutritional needs of the urban population of the cities. This study indicates that the potential to cover the nutritional needs in the cities is considerable. The capacity varied depending on the size of the used cultivable area and the types of vegetables grown. If 20% of the available cultivable area was used for growing vegetables, between 12% and 23% of the recommended intake of vegetables could be covered by private gardens in the four investigated cities. If 85% of the same area was used, more than 90% of the recommended intake of vegetables could be covered in two of the investigated cities. The study indicates that the potential in urban areas in Sweden to meet the nutritional needs with vegetables grown in private gardens is considerable.
Rare mixed uterine teratoma with ovarian involvement in a Labrador Retriever dog
Authors: Bisla Amarjeet , Gulia Nakul , Jadhao Abhilash , Deshmukh Sidhartha , Honparkhe Mrigank
Published: January 2025

This case is a unique co‐presentation of mixed uterine and ovarian teratoma in a middle‐aged female Labrador dog with chief complaint of purulent vaginal discharge. On ultrasonographic examination, a large anechoic mass with several echogenic flakes in uterine lumen and cystic cavitation of endometrial surface was identified without any metastasis on radiography. After 2‐week medicinal therapy, ovariohysterectomy of dog was done and pyometra with large greyish white globoid soft fibroid mass (8.5 × 9.5 cm) on anterior border of right uterine horn formed remarkable findings. The histopathological analysis revealed stratified squamous metaplasia of endometrial epithelium with strong epidermal reaction pattern, in addition to, indistinct areas of degenerated hair follicle(s) and melanin deposits, areas of irregular, aggressive neuro‐fibromatous stroma, amidst muscular stroma turned fibrous and adipose connective tissues component. The dog recovered uneventfully. Therefore, we report rare case of mixed uterine and ovarian teratoma along with cystic endometrial hyperplasia‒pyometra complex in dog.
Projecting and Downscaling Future Temperature and Precipitation Based on CMIP6 Models Using Machine Learning in Hatay Province, Türkiye
Authors: Ozbuldu Mustafa , Irvem Ahmet
Published: January 2025

Projections for future changes in precipitation and temperature are essential for decision-makers to understand climate change impacts on any region in the world. General circulation models (GCMs) are widely used tools to assess the future impacts of climate change. However, since they are produced at global scales, they cannot provide reliable information at local scales. For this reason, downscaling applications have been applied in recent years. In this study, support vector regression (SVR), random forest (RF), and multiple linear regression (MLR) methods were evaluated to improve the forecast accuracy of EC-EARTH3 CMIP6 GCM outputs for the Hatay province of Türkiye. The results obtained from the models were compared with meteorological observation data on a monthly time scale. As a result of the study, RF (RMSE = 19.19–45.41) for precipitation projections and SVR for maximum temperature (RMSE = 1.49–2.23) and minimum temperature (RMSE = 1.44–1.69) projections were found successful compared to other methods. These methods were applied to GCM’s future outputs. According to the results, it was determined that there could be a significant increase in the annual average temperature in Hatay province under the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. It is also estimated that there may be an increase in temperature between 2.1 and 2.9 °C for the SSP2-4.5 scenario and 2.4 °C and 5.2 °C for the SSP5-8.5 scenario in the near (2020–2060) and far (2060–2100) future periods, respectively. It is also estimated that by the end of the 21st century, annual precipitation in Hatay province may decrease by approximately 10% for SSP2-4.5 and by approximately 20% for SSP5-8.5 scenarios.
Management of mass casualty incidents: a systematic review and clinical practice guideline update
Authors: Suda Arnold J. , Franke Axel , Hertwig Miriam , Gooßen Käthe
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Our aim was to generate evidence- and consensus-based recommendations for the management of mass casualty incidents (MCIs) based on current evidence. This guideline topic is part of the 2022 update of the German guideline on the treatment of patients with severe/multiple injuries.

Methods

MEDLINE and Embase were systematically searched to August 2021. Further literature reports were obtained from clinical experts. Randomised controlled trials, cross-sectional studies, prospective cohort studies, and comparative registry studies were included if they compared triage algorithms, interventions for MCI training, logistics or transport, decontamination, diagnosis or therapy during MCIs in the prehospital and hospital settings. We considered patient-relevant clinical outcomes such as mortality, diagnostic outcomes including sensitivity and specificity, rates of undertriage and overtriage as well as resource use. Risk of bias was assessed using NICE 2012 checklists. The evidence was synthesised narratively, and expert consensus was used to develop recommendations and determine their strength. Population, intervention, comparison, and outcome (PICO) questions from clinical questions were developed by clinical experts and guideline methodologists.

Results

We screened 321 records in the original guideline version and 4225 during this update. Twenty-five studies were included, all of them from the updated search from 2009 to 2021. Twenty-five new studies were identified. Interventions covered were triage training (n = 7 studies), prehospital triage (n = 6), secondary triage (n = 2), transport/logistics (n = 3), decontamination (n = 5), and therapy (n = 2) during MCIs. Three new recommendations were developed. All achieved strong consensus.

Conclusion

Due to unsatisfactory evidence, recommendations could only be made on training for improving triage quality and regular exercises for testing a hospital’s emergency response plan. No triage algorithm can be scientifically proven to be superior in all aspects. The key recommendation is the following: To improve triage quality, exercises or (virtual) training should be conducted in-house using verified triage systems and algorithms.
Mobility and living status at discharge and after three-months for extramedullary versus intramedullary fixation of AO type 31-A1 trochanteric fractures; an analysis of Dutch hip fracture audit data
Authors: Zeelenberg Miliaan L. , Van Lieshout Esther M. M. , Gosens Taco , Hegeman Johannes H. , Den Hartog Dennis , Verhofstad Michael H. J. ,   Stable-HIP group, Joosse Pieter , Poolman Rudolf W. , Willems Hanna C. , Zuurmond Rutger G. ,   Dutch Hip Fracture Audit indicator Taskforce, De Klerk G. , Geraghty O. C. , Luning H. A. F. , Niggebrugge A. H. P. , Regtuijt M. , Snoek J. , Stevens C. , Van der Velde D. , Verleisdonk E. J. M. M.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The use of intramedullary fixation of AO type 31-A1 fractures is rising, despite evidence of non-superiority when compared with extramedullary fixation. The aim of this study was to evaluate mobility and living status for extramedullary fixation (EMF) versus intramedullary fixation (IMF) in Dutch hospitals during the initial hospital stay and until three-months after trauma.

Methods

Data on patient characteristics, mobility, living status, complications, reoperation, and mortality were extracted from the Dutch Hip Fracture Audit Indicator Taskforce. Data were collected for patients (> 65 years) at baseline, at discharge, and at three-months follow-up. Univariate analysis was used for comparing the EMF versus IMF group.

Results

A total of 836 patients were included; 138 (16%) were treated with EMF and 698 (84%) with IMF. No significant differences were found between groups for the overall complication rate during the initial hospital stay (EMF: n = 55 (40%) versus IMF: n = 270 (39%)). Patients treated with EMF showed better mobility at discharge (mobility with frame/2 supports or better, EMF 77% versus IMF 50%), but otherwise no significant difference was found after a three-month follow-up (EMF 80% versus IMF 82%), suggesting faster improved mobility for IMF. However, matched subgroup analysis showed no meaningful differences in rates of deteriorated mobility or living status after three months.

Conclusion

This study showed no meaningful differences between EMF and IMF of type 31-A1 trochanteric fractures during hospital stay and until three-month follow-up. Despite little differences in outcome and EMF being the treatment option of first choice by the Dutch Hip fracture guideline, IMF is used in the vast majority of patients.
A New Bound for the Fourier-Entropy-Influence Conjecture
Authors: Han Xiao
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we prove that the Fourier entropy of an n-dimensional boolean function f can be upper-bounded by $$O(I(f)+ \sum \limits _{k\in [n]}I_k(f)\log \frac{1}{I_k(f)})$$

O
(
I

(
f
)

+

∑

k
∈
[
n
]

I
k

(
f
)

log

1

I
k

(
f
)

)

, where I(f) is its total influence and $$I_k(f)$$

I
k

(
f
)

is the influence of the k-th coordinate. There is no strict quantitative relationship between our bound with the known bounds for the Fourier-Min-Entropy-Influence conjecture $$O(I(f)\log I(f))$$

O
(
I
(
f
)
log
I
(
f
)
)

and $$O(I(f)^2)$$

O
(
I

(
f
)

2

)

. The proof is elementary and uses iterative bounds on moments of Fourier coefficients over different levels to estimate the Fourier entropy as its derivative.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in psychiatric disorders in early childhood (aged under 10 years): a systematic review
Authors: Brehme Hannes , Utke Josefin , Berger Christoph , Kölch Michael , Buchmann Johannes
Published: January 2025

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) remains experimental for many psychiatric disorders in adults. Particularly in childhood, there is limited research on the evidence for the efficacy and mechanisms of action of tDCS on the developing brain. The objective of this review is to identify published experimental studies to examine the efficacy and mechanisms of tDCS in children with psychiatric or developmental disorders in early (prepubertal) childhood (aged under 10 years). Included Studies should meet the following criteria: (1) experimental studies (no reviews, no case reports), (2) studies published in international peer-reviewed journals, (3) written in English, (4) conducted on children under 10 under years of age, (5) at enrolment with a psychiatric or developmental disorder.Eight studies were identified that fulfilled the specified criteria. All studies investigated effect on children with autism-spectrum-disorder (ASD). Anodal tDCS, mainly targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), showed positive effects on the reduction of ASD symptoms. There has also been evidence that these stimulations are feasible, have good tolerability and are safe. tDCS was found to be safe and partially effective, but a long-term effect of tDCS and changes in connectivity during tDCS in autism has not been proven. Other developmental or psychiatric diseases were not investigated. This results in a lack of knowledge regarding the reactivity of the brain during the prepubertal period, which is a critical phase in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ASD, Tourette’s syndrome or dyslexia.