bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONVERSATION ANALYSIS.Numa Markee. Mahwah, NJ:
Erlbaum, 2000. Pp. xv + 216. $45.00 cloth, $22.50 paper.
Authors: Kleifgen Jo Anne
Published: September 2019

This volume, part of a series on research methodologies in second language acquisition
(SLA), describes contributions that conversation analysis (CA) makes to the field. Markee argues
that CA, which provides microanalyses of moment-by-moment “talk-in-interaction”
(Schegloff, 1987), makes visible learners' efforts to speak and understand a new language.
He questions the tendency in SLA toward theory-driven and largely experimental research at the
expense of theory-building and naturalistic methods.
Changing Levels of Job Satisfaction among Local Environmental Enforcement Officials in China
Authors: Wen Bo , Tang Shui-Yan , Lo Carlos Wing-Hung
Published: September 2019

As a result of multiple waves of administrative reforms in the past three decades, China's civil service has become more professionalized. Yet public employees appear to have become increasingly dissatisfied in recent years. Based on questionnaire surveys and interviews with environmental enforcement officials in a southern city, this paper traces changes in the job satisfaction levels of these officials between 2000 and 2014. It shows that satisfaction with the extrinsic rewards received and overall job satisfaction declined during this period. These downward trends partly reflected the increasingly challenging institutional environments faced by the officials: rising political and societal demands, inadequate fiscal and personnel resources, and limited enforcement authority. In addition, as the officials became more highly educated and professionalized, mission match became a stronger antecedent of job satisfaction. These findings suggest the importance of meeting the motivational needs of a more professionalized workforce.
Synthesis and structural characterization of 3-[1-[4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl]ethyl]-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole
Authors: Gündoğdu Gülsüm , Karayel Arzu , Aytaç Sevim Peri , Tozkoparan Birsen , Kaynak Filiz Betül
Published: September 2019

3-[1-[4-(2-Methylpropyl)phenyl]ethyl]-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole (C21H21FN4S) has been synthesized as a member of a series of triazolothiadiazoles having NSAIDs moieties with cytotoxic activity. The crystal structure of this new compound has been solved and refined using conventional laboratory X-ray powder diffraction data and optimized using density functional techniques. The final structure solution was achieved by Rietveld refinement using soft restraints on all non-H atom bond lengths and angles. This compound crystallizes in $P\bar{1}\;$ space group, with the unit cell parameters a = 5.5880(4) Å, b = 9.3074(7) Å, c = 19.497(4) Å, α = 99.311(10)°, β = 91.925(9)°, γ = 98.199(6)°, and V = 988.8(2) Å3. To complement and verify the structure solution of the compound, the density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed by using the local density approximation and the generalized gradient approximation for exchange-correlation energy. In order to see the effect of the van der Waals interactions on the electronic structure, the relevant structure was also optimized with B3LYP-D2, PBE-D2, and optB88-vdW functionals. The refined crystal structure was confirmed by the DFT calculations. The best agreement with the experimental structure was achieved by optB88-vdW functional.
Visualizing constraint-based temporal association rules
Authors: KORPIPÄÄ PANU
Published: September 2019

When dealing with time continuous processes, the discovered
association rules may change significantly over time. This often
reflects a change in the process as well. Therefore, two questions
arise: What kind of deviation occurs in the association rules
over time, and how could these temporal rules be presented
efficiently? To address this problem of representation, we propose
a method of visualizing temporal association rules in a virtual
model with interactive exploration. The presentation form is
a three-dimensional correlation matrix, and the visualization
methods used are brushing and glyphs. Interactive functions
used for displaying rule attributes and exploring temporal rules
are implemented by utilizing Virtual Reality Modeling Language
v2 mechanisms. Furthermore, to give a direction of rule potential
for the user, the rule statistical interestingness is evaluated
on the basis of combining weighted characteristics of rule and
rule matrix. A constraint-based association rule mining tool
which creates the virtual model as an output is presented,
including the most relevant experiences from the development
of the tool. The applicability of the overall approach has been
verified by using the developed tool for data mining on a hot
strip mill of a steel plant.
Thousands on the stand: Exploring trends and patterns of international witnesses
Authors: Chlevickaite Gabriele , Hola Barbora , Bijleveld Catrien
Published: September 2019

The international criminal courts and tribunals have heard thousands of witnesses in cases of extreme complexity and breadth. Their evidentiary record is overwhelming, with live witness testimony standing out as one of its defining features. Keeping in mind the arguments and policies of judicial efficiency and fairness, this article empirically examines the trends and patterns in viva voce witness numbers at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), for Rwanda (ICTR), and the International Criminal Court (ICC). We observe clear differences between institutions and individual cases, and discuss the underlying reasons for such divergences. As well as providing a general overview, we demonstrate the complex interaction between case-related characteristics, institutional and situational contexts, and the number of witnesses called at trial.
Enzyme immunoassay for urogenital trichomoniasis as a marker of unsafe sexual behaviour
Authors: MASON P. R. , GREGSON S. , GWANZURA L. , CAPPUCCINELLI P. , RAPELLI P. , FIORI P. L.
Published: September 2019

Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was used to detect antibodies to Trichomonas vaginalis in sera
from Zimbabwe. The EIA showed a sensitivity of 95 and 94% when compared with vaginal
swab culture among women attending a family planning clinic (FPC) and female commercial
sex workers (CSW) respectively. The specificity was 85 and 77% in the two groups. Culture-negative FPC women were sub-divided into high risk or low risk of exposure to
trichomoniasis. The seroprevalence was 10% (6/61) among low risk women, 21% (10/48)
among high risk women and 23% (9/39) among culture negative CSW. The EIA was positive
in 46% (18/39) men with genital discharge but only 5% (2/37) healthy blood donors. None of
31 sera from prepubescent children was positive. The EIA may be useful for community
surveys of trichomoniasis. Because T. vaginalis is a common sexually transmitted disease, the
test may indicate behaviour that increases the risk of STD transmission.
The effect of age and study duration on the relationship
between ‘clustering’ of DNA fingerprint patterns and the
proportion of tuberculosis disease attributable to recent
transmission
Authors: VYNNYCKY E. , NAGELKERKE N. , BORGDORFF M. W. , VAN SOOLINGEN D. , VAN EMBDEN J. D. A. , FINE P. E. M.
Published: September 2019

Though it is recognized that the extent of ‘clustering’ of isolates from tuberculosis cases in a
given population is related to the amount of disease attributable to recent transmission, the
relationship between the two statistics is poorly understood. Given age-dependent risks of
disease and the fact that a long study (e.g. spanning several years) is more likely to identify
transmission-linked cases than a shorter study, both measures, and thus the relationship
between them, probably depend strongly on the ages of the cases ascertained and study
duration. The contribution of these factors is explored in this paper using an age-structured
model which describes the introduction and transmission of M. tuberculosis strains with
different DNA fingerprint patterns in The Netherlands during this century, assuming that the
number of individuals contacted by each case varies between cases and that DNA fingerprint
patterns change over time through random mutations, as observed in several studies.

Model predictions of clustering in different age groups and over different time periods
between 1993 and 1997 compare well against those observed. According to the model, the
proportion of young cases with onset in a given time period who were ‘clustered’
underestimated the proportion of disease attributable to recent transmission in this age group (by up
to 25% in males); for older individuals, clustering overestimated this proportion. These under-
and overestimates decreased and increased respectively as the time period over which the cases
were ascertained increased. These results have important implications for the interpretation of
estimates of the proportion of disease attributable to recent transmission, based on ‘clustering’
statistics, as are being derived from studies of the molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis in
many populations.
Decreasing prevalence of helicobacter antibodies in Finland, with reference to the decreasing incidence of gastric cancer
Authors: REHNBERG-LAIHO L. , RAUTELIN H. , KOSKELA P. , SARNA S. , PUKKALA E. , AROMAA A. , KNEKT P. , KOSUNEN T. U.
Published: September 2019

Time trends and geographical variation of Helicobacter pylori antibodies in Finland were
investigated by enzyme immunoassay in 20- to 34-year-old randomly selected females from six
localities during 1969–73 (n = 375), and 15- to 45-year-old females representing nine
communities and four geographical areas in 1983 (n = 882) and 1995 (n = 842). In the six
communities investigated at three different time points, the overall prevalence declined from 38
to 12%, with an emphasis on the latter 12 years. The regionally varying rate of decrease in
helicobacter prevalence changed the pre-existing geographical variation, leaving northern
Finland with the highest rate. A 10%-units higher local helicobacter prevalence seemed to
predict a 23% (95% CI 3–44%) higher gastric cancer incidence 20 years later. The overall
decline in helicobacter seropositivity is consistent with earlier reports from Finland and other
developed countries, and supports the cohort theory as an explanation for the age-related
increase in H. pylori seroprevalence.
The distinct epidemic characteristics of HCV co-infection among HIV-1-infected population caused by drug injection and sexual transmission in Yunnan, China
Authors: Zhang A-Mei , Yang Ming , Gao Li , Zhang Mi , Jiao Lingshuai , Feng Yue , Dong Xingqi , Xia Xueshan
Published: September 2019

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection was frequent in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients in Yunnan province. We studied the epidemic characteristics of HCV in HIV/HCV co-infected patients. Serum from 894 HIV-1 patients was collected, together with basic information and biochemical features. All samples were infected with HIV through injecting drug users (IDUs) and sexual transmission (ST). The NS5B gene was amplified and sequenced to affirm HCV genotype. In total, 202 HIV patients were co-infected with HCV, and most (81.19%) of co-infected patients were IDUs. Genotype 3b was predominant (37.62%) in these samples, and its frequency was similar in patients with IDU and ST. The frequencies of genotypes 1a, 1b, 3a, 6a, 6n, 2a and 6u were 3.96%, 16.34%, 23.76%, 6.93%, 10.40%, 0.50% and 0.50%, respectively. However, genotype 3a showed significantly different frequency in HCV patients with IDU and ST (P = 0.019). When HCV patients were divided into subgroups, the haemoglobin (HGB) level was significantly higher in patients with genotype 3a than in patients with 3b (P = 0.033), 6a (P = 0.006) and 6n (P = 0.007), respectively. Although no difference existed among HCV subgroups, HIV-viral load was identified to be positively correlated with the HGB level and CD4+ cells when dividing HCV/HIV co-infected persons into male and female groups. In conclusion, genotype 3b was the predominant HCV genotype in Yunnan HIV/HCV co-infected persons. The HGB level was higher in patients with genotype 3a than others. HIV-viral load was positively correlated with the HGB level and CD4+ cells in the male or female HCV-infected group.
A phonetically based account of phonological stop assibilation
Authors: Kim Hyunsoon
Published: September 2019

This paper proposes a phonetically based account of phonological stop assibilation.
We first review evidence for the phonological representation of sibilants
proposed by Jakobson et al. (1951) and others. An examination of cross-linguistic
data involving phonological assibilation reveals two asymmetries: (a) only high
vocoids constitute assibilation triggers; (b) only following vocoids, not preceding
vocoids, constitute assibilation triggers. It is then shown that high vocoid-conditioned
phonological stop assibilation is motivated by the brief period of
turbulence that sometimes occurs at the release of a plosive into a high vocoid. We
argue that this turbulence is interpreted in phonology as the insertion of the
feature [+strident] into the representation of the plosive, with the loss of the
feature [−continuant] in the case of frication. Not only does this phonetic analysis
explain the phonetic origin of assibilation, it also correctly reflects the cross-linguistic
conditions on high vocoid-conditioned phonological assibilation.
Swiss German stops: geminates all over the word
Authors: Kraehenmann Astrid
Published: September 2019

This paper presents evidence for two claims: (a) that the underlying contrast
between stops in Swiss German dialects is based purely on quantity and (b) that
the duration of the stop closure is its sole reliable phonetic reflex, i.e. there is a
geminate–singleton opposition acoustically manifested in long–short closure
duration. Using production and perception data on initial, medial and final stops
in Thurgovian, a dialect spoken in north-eastern Switzerland, we show that the
pattern of phrase-medial contrast neutralisation supports both arguments: when
the extra phonological length position of a geminate is not syllabifiable, the closure
duration shortens and underlying geminates and singletons become indistinguishable.
The perception data in particular make evident that closure duration
is the crucial cue of the underlying contrast, because, in the absence of this
phonetic correlate, listeners can no longer discriminate an underlying geminate
from a singleton. The results bear not only on central issues concerning the
representation of geminates but also on some intricacies of the phonology–phonetics interface.
Consonant cluster neutralisation and targeted constraints
Authors: Wilson Colin
Published: September 2019

In this paper, I propose an optimality-theoretic account of the generalisation that
deletion processes that apply to intervocalic biconsonantal clusters canonically
delete the first consonant (schematically, VC1C2V → VC2V). The approach to
contextual neutralisation proposed here has two main components. First, I follow
the licensing-by-cue framework (e.g. Steriade 1997) in identifying ‘weak’ elements
as those without strong perceptual cues. Second, I argue that the constraints
responsible for contextual neutralisation ‘target’ weak elements. This approach
captures the deletion generalisation above, because the relevant targeted constraint
prefers only the correct output VC2V (from which the weak consonant C1 has been
removed), not the incorrect output VC1V. Intuitively, the representation containing
a weak element (VC1C2V) is compelled to neutralise to a representation that
is perceptually very similar (VC2V). The targeted-constraint approach is formalised
by replacing the standard violation-based definition of OT optimisation
with a new definition – which is equivalent except when ‘targeted’ constraints are
involved – based on harmonic orderings. The approach is shown to extend to
certain cases of (i) contextually determined feature neutralisation and (ii) phonological opacity.
The impact of child maltreatment and psychopathology on neuroendocrine functioning
Authors: CICCHETTI DANTE , ROGOSCH FRED A.
Published: September 2019

Cortisol regulation was investigated in a sample of school-aged maltreated (n =
167) and demographically comparable low-income nonmaltreated (n = 204) boys and
girls in the context of a day camp research program. The presence of clinical-level internalizing
and clinical-level externalizing symptomatology was determined through adult report and child
self report. Children who exhibited clinical-level internalizing problems only, clinical-level
externalizing problems only, and comorbid clinical-level internalizing and externalizing problems
were identified. Clinical-level cases were more prevalent among the maltreated children.
Maltreated children with clinical-level internalizing problems were distinguished by higher
morning, afternoon, and average daily cortisol levels across the week of camp attendance. In
contrast, nonmaltreated boys with clinical-level externalizing problems emerged as distinct in
terms of low levels of morning and average daily levels of cortisol. Maltreated children with
comorbid clinical-level internalizing and externalizing problems were more likely not to show the
expected diurnal decrease in cortisol. The findings are discussed in terms of the joint impact of
maltreatment and different forms of psychopathology on neuroendocrine regulation.
Multiple maltreatment, attribution of blame, and adjustment among adolescents
Authors: MCGEE ROBIN , WOLFE DAVID , OLSON JAMES
Published: September 2019

The study examined the predictive utility of blame attributions for maltreatment. Integrating
theory and research on blame attribution, it was predicted that self-blame would mediate or
moderate internalizing problems, whereas other-blame would mediate or moderate externalizing
problems. Mediator and moderator models were tested separately. Adolescents (N =
160, ages 11–17 years) were randomly selected from the open caseload of a child
protection agency. Participants made global maltreatment severity ratings for each of physical
abuse, psychological abuse, neglect, sexual abuse, and exposure to family violence. Participants
also completed the Attribution for Maltreatment Interview (AFMI), a structured clinical interview
that assessed self- and perpetrator blame for each type of maltreatment they experienced. The
AFMI yielded five subscales: self-blaming cognition, self-blaming affect, self-excusing,
perpetrator blame, and perpetrator excusing. Caretaker-reported (Child Behavior Checklist) and
self-reported (Youth Self Report) internalizing and externalizing were the adjustment criteria.
Controlling for maltreatment severity, the AFMI subscales explained significant variance in
self-reported adjustment. Self-blaming affect was the most potent attribution, particularly among
females. Attributions mediated maltreatment severity for self-reported adjustment but moderated
it for caretaker-reported adjustment. The sophistication and relevance of blame attributions to
adjustment are discussed, and implications for research and clinical practice are identified.
The importance of timing: The varying impact of childhood and adolescent maltreatment on
multiple problem outcomes
Authors: THORNBERRY TERENCE P. , IRELAND TIMOTHY O. , SMITH CAROLYN A.
Published: September 2019

A substantial body of literature suggests that childhood maltreatment is related to negative
outcomes during adolescence, including delinquency, drug use, teenage pregnancy, and school
failure. There has been relatively little research examining the impact that variation in the
developmental stage during which the maltreatment occurs has on these relationships, however. In
this paper, we reassess the impact of maltreatment on a number of adverse outcomes when
developmentally specific measures of maltreatment—maltreatment that occurs only in
childhood, only in adolescence, or in both childhood and adolescence—are considered.
Data are drawn from the Rochester Youth Development Study, a broad-based longitudinal study
of adolescent development. The analysis examines how maltreatment affects delinquency, drug
use, alcohol-related problems, depressive symptoms, teen pregnancy, school dropout, and
internalizing and externalizing problems during adolescence. We also examine whether the type of
maltreatment experienced at various developmental stages influences the outcomes. Overall, our
results suggest that adolescent and persistent maltreatment have stronger and more consistent
negative consequences during adolescence than does maltreatment experienced only in childhood.
Child abuse and neglect and the development of mental disorders in the general population
Authors: COHEN PATRICIA , BROWN JOCELYN , SMAILES ELIZABETH
Published: September 2019

Child abuse and neglect have repeatedly been shown to be risks for psychiatric and personality
disorders. However, much of this evidence is based on retrospective reports of adults. In addition,
little is known about the developmental course of psychopathology among those exposed to child
maltreatment. In this study, we report mental disorders assessed from early childhood to
adulthood in those later identified as victims of abuse or neglect by official or self-report. Findings
show elevated rates of mental disorders and symptoms in each of four groups relative to the
normative sample. Groups included those who had been victims of physical abuse or neglect
according to official report and those who had been victims of physical or sexual abuse by
self-report. As expected, the maltreated groups were quite different demographically from the
community comparison sample, especially those with official reports. The group with
retrospective self-reports of physical abuse differed only modestly from the comparison group on
the symptom and disorder measures, while the sexually abused group showed the most
consistently elevated patterns, even after controls for demographic differences were taken into
account. The disorder and symptom patterns differed both by group and by age: neglect cases
showed a partial remission in adulthood, while official physical abuse cases showed an
increasingly consolidated pattern of antisocial and impulsive behavior.
Women's Ordination in the Church of England: Conscience, Change and Law
Authors: Steen Jane
Published: September 2019

Women's ordination raised issues of conscience across church traditions. The Church of England's statutory legal framework prevented these issues being confined to the Church; they were also played out in parliamentary debate. The interface between law and conscience has, however, considerable historical and contemporary resonance, as well as sound theological pedigree. This article therefore considers the place of conscience in legal and philosophical thought before the Enlightenment. It looks at norms of conscience in Roman Catholic and Church of England liturgical use. On a broader canvas, it looks at the interplay between thought, conscience and religion in human rights case law. The article suggests that a consensus of thought which sees the dictates of conscience as founded in, and inseparable from, the teachings of religion begins to break down in the early seventeenth century. Yet human rights courts find themselves deciding cases of conscience or religion where conscience and religion are often intertwined and where the external manifestation of one is governed by the inner promptings of the other. Such difficulties are not limited to the human rights courts but also play out in debates pertaining to ordination. While the North American churches sought to deal with issues of conscience head on, the Church of England very carefully avoided the language of conscience in its early discussions of women's ordination, conscious, it seems, of a lack of consensus around its meaning and source. As the women's ordination debates developed, arguments of conscience were often deployed more by those opposed to the move than those who supported it. Conscience became as much the locus of pain caused by another's action as it was an inner faculty for self-guidance. Its valence shifted from an intellectual to an emotional category.
Advowsons and Private Patronage
Authors: Sutton Teresa
Published: September 2019

This article focuses on the role of private patronage within the Church of England. Private patrons own advowsons. These property rights can no longer be traded but may still be bequeathed or transferred without value. When there is a vacancy in a benefice, a patron has the right to nominate a new incumbent in accordance with the Patronage (Benefices) Measure 1986. This article uses contemporary and historical records to define private patronage and analyse the current role of the four broad categories of private patrons: private individuals, educational bodies, guilds and patronage societies. While acknowledging the benefits that patronage can bring, this article advocates substantive reform for the future including a sunset rule for private individual patronage. The article suggests that reform of the law of private patronage will make a positive contribution to other contemporary issues before the Church by promoting diversity in vocations, facilitating necessary pastoral reorganisation and adding to the dialogue about the future of the parish system.
Blow-up of solutions of a nonlinear parabolic equation in damage mechanics
Authors: BERTSCH MICHIEL , BISEGNA PAOLO
Published: September 2019

A fully nonlinear, degenerate parabolic equation arising in the theory of damage mechanics is shown to be well-posed. Its solutions blow up in finite time and, under suitable conditions on the initial configuration, the blow-up set, corresponding to the portion of the material which breaks at the blow-up time, is an interval of nonzero measure. In a special but physically relevant case the problem reduces to the study of the blow-up set of solutions of the quasilinear equation
Viscous flows with time-dependent free boundaries

in a non-planar Hele–Shaw cell
Authors: ENTOV VLADIMIR M. , ETINGOF PAVEL I.
Published: September 2019

The dynamics of blobs of viscous fluid in a non-planar

Hele–Shaw cell is considered. The

general approach developed by Richardson and some of the resulting analytic

techniques are

extended to flows in non-planar cells, including cells shaped as surfaces
of

revolution and

helical surfaces. An example related to the development and coalescence
of two

initially

separated blobs in a cell on a spherical surface is presented. Some applications

to mathematically equivalent problems dealing with planar Hele–Shaw
cells

with a non-uniform gap and flows through porous media are also discussed.
Heteroclinic orbits for a higher order phase transition problem
Authors: BATES PETER W. , REN XIAOFENG
Published: September 2019

A standard model for one-dimensional phase transitions is the
second-order semilinear
equation with bistable nonlinearity, where one seeks a solution which connects
the two stable
values. From an Ising-like model but which includes long-range interaction, one
is led to
consider the equation where the second-order operator is replaced by one of
arbitrarily high
order. Others have found the desired heteroclinic solutions for such equations,
under the
assumption that the higher-order terms have small coefficients, by employing
singular
perturbation methods for dynamical systems. Here, without making any assumption
on the sizes of the coefficients, we obtain such heteroclinic solutions by using
variational methods
under the assumption that the nonlinearity arises from a potential having
two wells of equal depths.
The Ginzburg–Landau equations in a semi-infinite

superconducting film in the large κ limit
Authors: BOLLEY CATHERINE , HELFFER BERNARD
Published: September 2019

Following our preceding papers [1, 2]

concerning semi-infinite superconducting films, we

consider new a priori estimates on the exterior magnetic

field h=A′(0), when (f, A)

is a solution of the corresponding Ginzburg–Landau system. The main
new

results concern the limit as

κ→∞, but we prove also the existence of a finite

superheating field. We also discuss recent

results [3] concerning the superheating field in the large

κ limit, and show how to relate these

formal solutions to suitable subsolutions and supersolutions giving

the existence of a solution for

h<1/√2 and κ large enough. We also analyse

the same problem by variational techniques

and get the existence of a locally stable solution for h<1/√2

and any κ>0.
Theoretical studies of Freedericksz transitions in

SmC liquid crystals
Authors: ATKIN R. J. , STEWART I. W.
Published: September 2019

We give a review of theoretical studies of Freedericksz

transitions in smectic C liquid crystals

due to the application of magnetic and electric fields. The relevance of

these results and their

connection with experimentation is also discussed.
Bifurcation to localized oscillations
Authors: KUSKE RACHEL , ERNEUX THOMAS
Published: September 2019

A singular perturbation method is applied to a system of

two weakly coupled strongly non-linear but non-identical oscillators. For

certain parameter regimes, stable localized solutions

exist for which the amplitude of one oscillator is an order of magnitude

smaller than the other.

The leading-order dynamics of the localized states is described by a

new system of coupled

equations for the phase difference and scaled amplitudes. The degree

and stability of the

localization has a non-trivial dependence on coupling strength, detuning,

and the bifurcation

parameter. Three distinct types of localized behaviour are obtained as

solutions to these

equations, corresponding to phase-locking, phase-drift, and phase-entrainment.

Quantitative

results for the phases and amplitudes of the oscillators and the stability

of these phenomena

are expressed in terms of the parameters of the model.
A nonlocal problem arising from heat radiation

on non-convex surfaces
Authors: TIIHONEN T.
Published: September 2019

We consider both stationary and time-dependent heat

equations for a non-convex body or

a collection of disjoint conducting bodies with Stefan-Boltzmann radiation

conditions on

the surface. The main novelty of the resulting problem is the non-locality

of the boundary

condition due to self-illuminating radiation on the surface. Moreover,
the

problem is nonlinear

and in the general case also non-coercive. We show that the non-local

boundary value problem

admits a maximum principle. Hence, we can prove the existence of a

weak solution assuming

the existence of upper and lower solutions. This result is then applied
to

prove existence under some hypotheses that guarantee the existence of sub-
and

supersolutions. Some special

cases where the problem is coercive are also discussed. Finally, the

analysis is extended to cases with nonlinear material properties.
De Gaulle's First Veto: France, the Rueff Plan and the Free Trade Area
Authors: Lynch Frances M. B.
Published: September 2019

Within one week of his election to the presidency of the Fifth Republic de Gaulle had taken a number of decisions which were to lay the basis for the foreign and economic policies pursued throughout his tenure of office. Contrary to all expectations de Gaulle confirmed his support for the European Economic Community, against the initial advice of his ministers he devalued the franc, and at variance with his partners in the EEC he vetoed Britain's plans to set up a free trade area in Europe. This article examines the reasons for de Gaulle's critical policy choices.
Simulated Annealing and Graph Colouring
Authors: NOLTE ANDREAS , SCHRADER RAINER
Published: September 2019

Simulated annealing is a very successful heuristic for various problems in combinatorial
optimization. In this paper an application of simulated annealing to the 3-colouring problem
is considered. In contrast to many good empirical results we will show for a certain class of
graphs that the expected first hitting time of a proper colouring, given an arbitrary cooling
scheme, is of exponential size.

These results are complementary to those in [13], where we prove the convergence of
simulated annealing to an optimal solution in exponential time.
Concentration of Measure for Products of Markov Kernels and Graph Products via Functional Inequalities
Authors: HOUDRÉ C. , TETALI P.
Published: September 2019

We present versions of concentration inequalities for products of Markov kernels and graph
products. We also present discussions of a variety of consequences such as sharp upper
bounds, in terms of the diameter of the state space, on the spectral gap.
Bounds on the Complex Zeros of (Di)Chromatic Polynomials and Potts-Model Partition Functions
Authors: SOKAL ALAN D.
Published: September 2019

We show that there exist universal constants C(r) < ∞ such that, for all loopless graphs
G of maximum degree [les ] r, the zeros (real or complex) of the chromatic polynomial
PG(q) lie in the disc [mid ]q[mid ] < C(r).
Furthermore, C(r) [les ] 7.963907r. This result is a corollary of a
more general result on the zeros of the Potts-model partition function
ZG(q, {ve}) in the complex antiferromagnetic
regime [mid ]1 + ve[mid ] [les ] 1. The proof is based on a transformation
of the Whitney–Tutte–Fortuin–Kasteleyn representation of
ZG(q, {ve}) to a polymer gas,
followed by verification of the Dobrushin–Kotecký–Preiss condition for nonvanishing of a
polymer-model partition function. We also show that, for all loopless graphs G of second-largest
degree [les ] r, the zeros of PG(q) lie in the disc
[mid ]q[mid ] < C(r) + 1. Along the way, I give
a simple proof of a generalized (multivariate) Brown–Colbourn conjecture on the zeros of
the reliability polynomial for the special case of series-parallel graphs.
Severe transient neonatal long QT syndrome due to maternal paroxetine usage: a case report
Authors: Leerssen Eeke C. M. , Tak Ramon O. , Breur Johannes M. P. J.
Published: September 2019

A female neonate with in utero selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor exposure presented with bradycardia shortly after birth. Electrocardiography showed severe QT prolongation and second-degree atrioventricular block. Over time QT-times spontaneously normalised and genetic testing did not show mutations associated with long QT syndrome making maternal selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor usage the most likely explanation for the observed severe transient neonatal QT prolongation.
The use of alteplase in a newborn with an aortic arch thrombus during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Yang Lijun , Ye Lifen , Lin Ru
Published: September 2019

We report a neonatal case of the use of alteplase for the lysis of a large aortic arch thrombus formed during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Alteplase (0.1–0.15 mg/kg/hour) was infused for thrombolysis, and meanwhile, unfractionated heparin was administrated at 5–10 U/kg/hour for the anticoagulation purpose. Alteplase was successfully administered to this neonate after the repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and the patient survived without apparent catastrophic long-term complications. It is reasonable to consider alteplase therapy during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in this setting.
Echocardiographic screening for rheumatic heart disease in Turkish schoolchildren
Authors: Atalay Semra , Tutar Ercan , Uçar Tayfun , Topçu Seda , Köse Serdal K. , Doğan Melih T.
Published: September 2019

Background:

The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of subclinical rheumatic heart disease in schoolchildren aged 5–18 by using portable echocardiography in Ankara, Turkey.

Methods:

The portable echocardiography screening was performed by a paediatric cardiologist for all of the cases. The mean age of 2550 healthy students was 11.09 ± 2.91 years (1339 females, 1211 males) in three private and three public schools. Echocardiographic studies were assessed according to 2012 World Heart Federation criteria for rheumatic heart disease.

Results:

After reviewing the echocardiographic images, 73 students were reevaluated by an advanced echocardiography device in the university hospital. Evidence of definite subclinical rheumatic heart disease was found in 39 students (15/1000) and borderline rheumatic heart disease in 20 students (8/1000). No children had any clinical symptoms. The mean age of children diagnosed with rheumatic heart disease and borderline rheumatic heart disease is 12.4 and 11.4 years, respectively. The risk of rheumatic heart disease was found to be increased sevenfold in girls between 14 and 18 years. We surprisingly observed that the prevalence of definite rheumatic heart disease in private schools located in high-income areas of Ankara was higher than that in public schools.

Conclusions:

This is the first and largest single-centred echocardiographic screening study for subclinical rheumatic heart disease in Turkish schoolchildren. The frequency of rheumatic heart disease has been found to be 15/1000. This finding is similar to those of recent echocardiographic screening studies performed in middle and high-risk populations. We conclude that to decrease the burden of rheumatic heart disease, echocardiographic screening studies are necessary, and long-term follow-up of children with echocardiographically diagnosed subclinical rheumatic heart disease is needed.
Infective endocarditis in infants and children in the Western Cape, South Africa: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Willoughby Mark L. , Basera Wisdom , Perkins Susan R. , Comitis George A. M. , Fourie Barend , Lawrenson John B. , Zühlke Liesl J.
Published: September 2019

Infective endocarditis is a microbial infection of the endothelial surface of the heart, predominantly the heart valves, that is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Few contemporary data exist regarding affected children in our context.

Aims and Objectives:

We aimed to describe the profile and treatment outcomes of infant and childhood endocarditis at our facilities.

Methods:

This is a retrospective analysis of infants and children with endocarditis at two public sector hospitals in the Western Cape Province of South Africa over a 5-year period. Patients with “definite” and “possible” endocarditis according to Modified Duke Criteria were included in the review.

Results:

Forty-nine patients were identified for inclusion; 29 had congenital heart disease as a predisposing condition; 64% of patients met “definite” and 36% “possible” criteria. The in-hospital mortality rate was 20%; 53% of patients underwent surgery with a post-operative mortality rate of 7.7%. The median interval from diagnosis to surgery was 20 days (interquartile range, 9–47 days). Valve replacement occurred in 28% and valve repair in 58%. There was a significant reduction in valvular dysfunction in patients undergoing surgery and only a marginal improvement in patients treated medically. Overall, 43% of patients had some degree of residual valvular dysfunction.

Conclusion:

Endocarditis is a serious disease with a high in-hospital mortality and presents challenges in making an accurate diagnosis. Despite a significant reduction in valvular dysfunction, a portion of patients had residual valvular dysfunction. Early surgery is associated with a lower mortality rate, but a higher rate of valve replacement compared with delayed surgery.
Analysis of the Potential of IT System Support in Early Warning Systems: Mitigating Flood Risk in Poland
Authors: Goniewicz Krzysztof , Burkle Frederick M.
Published: September 2019

Nowadays, extreme weather and atmospheric conditions are becoming more frequent and more intense. It seems obvious that together with climate change, the vulnerability of the public and of individual regions to the risks of various types of natural hazards also increases. This would increase the importance of organization concerning potential measures to protect against these extraordinary events, and to prepare for reducing their ramifications.

One such initiative is the creation of an early warning system for inhabitants of a given area of a country, to help guard against the extraordinary threat associated with a natural disaster; especially floods. The creation of such a system is aimed at increasing public safety and limiting losses caused by the occurrence of natural, technological, and synergistic hazards. Particular emphasis during the construction of a current system is placed on supporting flood risk management, which is aimed at increasing the safety of citizens and reducing losses caused by the occurrence of flooding in Poland. This would be possible by the identification of areas threatened by flooding throughout the country, and then limiting economic expansion in these areas.

Ultimately, the project aims to consolidate information regarding hazardous events and gather them in a professional Information Technology (IT) system, using an integrated database and a modern module for disseminating information to end users. The system is to provide access to this information for both the administration and the individual citizen.

This article presents the potential of a so called “IT System for the Country’s Protection Against Extreme Hazards,” which is currently being developed in Poland, with particular emphasis on reducing the risks related to natural disasters and minimizing the problems of crisis management in Poland. This article is also aimed at opening discussions and creating a basis for the exchange of information from countries implementing similar solutions, especially neighboring countries, with which joint action could be undertaken.
JACQUES RUEFF AND THE LIBERAL SOCIAL ORDER: A LIBERAL INTERVENTIONIST
Authors: Daou Marie
Published: September 2019

Although Jacques Rueff (1896–1978) is known as a liberal thinker, what he means by the term “economic liberalism” should be specified. Indeed, for Rueff, the notion of economic liberalism leads to the notion of the liberal social order: i.e., a situation where the freedom of the individual is maintained and State intervention is justified in order to ensure a harmony of interests. This paper aims to bring out the particularism of the Rueffian liberal social order and to explore the connections between Rueff’s vision of this concept and his specific approach to liberalism, where private property (the pillar of freedom in liberal thinking) may be called into question under certain circumstances.
Natural language interface to video database
Authors: GAYATRI T. R. , RAMAN S.
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we discuss a natural language interface to a database of structured textual
descriptions in the form of annotations of video objects. The interface maps the natural
language query input on to the annotation structures. The language processing is done in
three phases of expectations and implications from the input word, disambiguation of noun
implications and slot-filling of prepositional expectations, and finally, disambiguation of verbal
expectations. The system has been tested with different types of user inputs, including ill-formed sentences, and studied for erroneous inputs and for different types of portability issues.
HOW RATIONAL BELIEFS AND IRRATIONAL BELIEFS AFFECT PEOPLE'S INFERENCES: AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
Authors: Bond Frank W. , Dryden Windy
Published: September 2019

Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) hypothesizes that the functionality
of inferences is primarily affected by the preferential and demanding nature
of rational and irrational beliefs, respectively. It is then, secondarily,
influenced by the functional and dysfunctional contents to which rational
and irrational beliefs, respectively, refer. This hypothesis was tested by
asking 96 participants to imagine themselves holding one of four specific
beliefs: a rational belief with a preference and a functional content, an
irrational belief with a demand and a dysfunctional content, a rational
belief with a functional content and no preference, and an irrational belief
with a dysfunctional content and no demand. Participants imagined themselves
holding their belief in an imaginary context, whilst rating the extent of
their agreement to 14 functional and dysfunctional inferences. Contrary to
REBT theory, results indicated that rational and irrational beliefs had the
same magnitude of effect on the functionality of inferences, whether they
referred to a preference/demand+contents, or only contents. The discussion
maintains that preferences and demands may not constitute the principal
mechanism through which rational and irrational beliefs affect the
functionality of inferences. Instead, consistent with Beck's
cognitive therapy, belief contents may constitute this primary
mechanism.
THE IMPACT OF BRIEF MOTIVATIONAL INTERVENTION AT THE START OF AN OUTPATIENT DAY PROGRAMME FOR ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
Authors: Dench Samantha , Bennett Gerald
Published: September 2019

Motivational intervention, a strategy to increase motivation for change, was
tested as an addition to treatment at the start of an outpatient programme
for alcohol dependence. Admissions to the programme were randomly allocated
to either a motivational or educational procedure. The three motivational
constructs of the SOCRATES-8A Readiness to Change questionnaire (Ambivalence
about change, Recognition of problems, Taking Steps to change) were used as
measures of motivation for change. At one week post-intervention,
motivational participants reported significantly greater levels of problem
recognition. The motivational group's post-intervention scores were
significantly higher on the Taking Steps scale and significantly lower on
the Ambivalence scale. There was no difference on measures of engagement in
treatment or drop-out from the outpatient treatment programme. For the
population as a whole, a relatively low pre-intervention score on the
Ambivalence scale was predictive of drop-out. Results support the efficacy
of motivational intervention for decreasing self-reported levels of
ambivalence about change and for increasing problem recognition and taking
steps towards change. More detailed research with a longer follow-up period
is needed to determine whether this has any impact on other vectors of
motivation for change, including participation in treatment, outcome
expectancy and drinking behaviour.
LARGE-SCALE HEALTH PROMOTION STRESS WORKSHOPS FOR THE GENERAL PUBLIC: A CONTROLLED EVALUATION
Authors: Brown June S. L. , Cochrane Ray , Hancox Teresa
Published: September 2019

Large-scale cognitive-behavioural Stress Management workshops were run for
members of the general public as part of a city-wide mental health promotion
campaign. Four groups were compared: a workshop run over one day (Full-Day),
one run over two half-days (Half-Day), a non-specific intervention control
group, and a waiting list control group. Results indicate that the
participants in the workshop groups improved more than those in either of
the control groups, supporting the idea that the psychoeducational approach
can be valuable and economical in a health promotion and public health
context. The use of this format in clinical situations and in primary care
settings is also discussed.