bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of the "Late Qing History" Text System in Chinese and American High School History Textbooks
Authors: Chen Yu
Published: October 2022

As the most important vehicle of knowledge in history teaching, the history textbook is the basis and prerequisite for successful history education. As the foundational structure in history textbooks, the text systematically presents a complete as well as comprehensive overview of the historical process, reflecting important events, people, and phenomena in the development of history. It defines the depth and breadth of the content of history instruction in order to safeguard the goal of teaching history as a nurturing and developing subject. In both countries, the history of the late Qing Dynasty has a relatively important place in high school history teaching, but the selection of knowledge points and the presentation of ideas in the content of the history of the late Qing Dynasty have their own distinctive characteristics. Therefore, this paper aims to present the differences between the content of the two editions of "History of the Late Qing Dynasty" through a comparison of the content selection and presentation of historical events in the Chinese and American textbooks, and to touch upon the root causes behind the differences.
Research on the Creative Communication Mode of Advertising under the New Media Perspective
Authors: Zhan Zedong
Published: October 2022

With the continuous development of new media technology and the increasing number of audiences, the effect of new media advertising gradually exceeds the advertisements published in traditional media such as newspapers, television, radio, magazines, etc. Under the influence of the new media era, the way advertising art is disseminated has also undergone tremendous changes. It is necessary to keep up with the pace of the times and make the advertising model close to the taste of the masses. This article first introduces the characteristics of advertising mode in the era of new media. Under the influence of new media, the advertising industry must make changes and enhance innovation, so as to effectively conform to the trend of social development, achieve the established development goals, and enhance the core competitiveness of the advertising market. How to adapt to the advertising environment of new media and survive in the new media environment has become a major difficulty facing the advertising industry. Advertising practitioners must explore the expression of new media advertising creativity in order to maximize the dissemination of advertising information. Advertising creative designers need more attempts to enhance creative interactivity, create a creative cultural atmosphere, and improve creative quality.
Utilizing Meditation Audio in Warrior Mind Training Treat Traumatized Firefighters
Authors: Zou Mengqi
Published: October 2022

Meditation is a psychological concept that has become a hot topic recently in the field of neuroscience. Based on many fundamental and crucial experiments or research, people discovered that meditation, however, is a stress buster that helps people to alleviate the symptoms of anxiety disorders spectrums with its scientific mechanisms that are studied. When it comes to firefighters frequently exposed to traumatic fire scenes and at risk of being traumatized, chances are high that meditation will be a pragmatic way of improving their resistance when exposed to the trauma without any side effects caused by its medication. This paper examines the effectiveness of meditation in alleviating PTSD or traumatized symptoms for firefighters with the use of two psychological scales, analyzing and categorizing each result in the statistic. By listening to the meditation audio, the symptoms of insomnia and anxiety have been assuaged, shown by the post-intervention group with p=0.099<0.1, χ2 =4.63 in insomnia-scale measurement, as well as p=0.079<0.1, χ2 = 3.086 in traumatized-scale measurement, embodying the effectiveness of meditation in alleviating traumatized symptoms and insomnia severity as prediction (P was set at 0.1).
Research on the Occupational Stigma Perception and Turnover Intention of Informal Employees under the Platform Economy in China
Authors: Xie Xiaoqing , Zheng Yuying , Li Tongyao
Published: October 2022

In 2018, the International Labor Organization (ILO) released a report stating that there are currently 2 billion practitioners worldwide who were in informal employment, accounting for a total of 61 total employed people. In China, according to the National Bureau of Statistics, by the end of 2021, the flexible employment personnel in China had reached 200 million, and informal employment has become an important form of employment in the country. Takeaway riders and other positions have the characteristics of occupational stigma due to the poor working environment and the lack of perfect labor rights protection. Meanwhile, the nature of the work of these informal employees will increase the great pressure on the them to be controlled by the time and the environment. Based on the combination of social identity theory and motivation theory, the paper presents and verifies the theoretical model of the impact of occupational stigma perception on turnover intention in the platform economy. On the basis of the data from 135 workers, it tests the study hypotheses. The results show that under the platform economy, the occupational stigma perception of informal employees increases the turnover intention, while emotional exhaustion plays an intermediary role, and the sense of work significance negatively regulates the role of emotional exhaustion on the turnover intention.
Prevalence of correct face mask usage among general public during COVID-19 pandemic in Denizli, Turkey
Authors: UZUN Suleyman Utku , SEVINC Ozgur , ERGIN Ahmet
Published: October 2022

Objective: Objective: We aimed to evaluate correct facemask usage prevalence among the general public in marketplaces in Denizli,
Turkey and also aimed to determine the effects of the announcement of asymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases
and curfew decisions on compliance rates of appropriate mask use.
Materials and Methods: In this population-based study, a total of 6749 observations were made in the 8 different marketplaces between
22 November – 3 December 2020. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the effect of age, gender, observation
time, and intervention type (announcement of asymptomatic COVID-19 case numbers and, announcement of nationwide curfew
decisions) on correct facemask use prevalence.
Results: Correct facemask usage prevalence in customers and sellers was 84.3% and 46.3%, respectively. The announcement of the
number of asymptomatic COVID-19 cases had no statistically significant effect on correct facemask usage prevalence both among
customers and sellers (p>0.05). After the announcement of the curfew decisions, correct facemask usage prevalence increased among
customers (OR:1.24 (1.02-1.52)) and sellers (OR:1.64 (1.32-2.03)).
Conclusion: The correct use of facemasks is not sufficient, especially among sellers. The announcement of curfew decisions has
increased the correct use of masks although, the announcement of asymptomatic COVID-19 case numbers has no effect.
İş Sözleşmesinin “Eylemli” Feshi ve Uygulama Sorunları
Authors: GÜZEL Ali
Published: October 2022

İş sözleşmesinin feshi, tarafları açısından, çok önemli hukuki sonuçlar doğurmasına karşın, kavramsal düzeyde anlam belirsizliği nedeniyle uygulamada karmaşık ve özellikle işçi açısından önemli hak kayıplarına da yol açabilmektedir. Klasik sözleşme kuramına göre; fesih, sözleşmeyi sona erdiren tek yanlı bir irade beyanıdır. Aynı esas, iş sözleşmesi açısından da geçerlidir. Gerçekten, Borçlar Kanununda (m.431) olduğu gibi, İş Kanununa göre de belirsiz süreli iş sözleşmelerinde işçi veya işverenin bildirim süresi tanıyarak tek yanlı iradesiyle sözleşmeyi feshetmesi (İşK. m.17) olanaklı olduğu gibi, belirsiz ya da belirli süreli iş sözleşmelerinde haklı bir nedenin varlığı halinde de bildirim süresi tanımaksızın işçi (İşK.m.24) veya işveren (İşK. m.25) tarafından fesih gerçekleştirilebilecektir.

Fesih bildirimi, yenilik doğuran bir hak olup, var olan hukuki ilişkiyi bozduğu, yani iş sözleşmesini sona erdirdiği için bozucu yenilik doğuran haklar arasında yer alır. Bu nedenle, fesih bildiriminin belirli ve açık biçimde yapılması, tarafların hak ve yükümlülükleri açısından yaşamsal bir öneme sahip bulunmaktadır. Bu temel kurala karşın, uygulamada fesih bildirimi, çoğu kez, açık bir biçimde yapılmaz. Yargıtayın yerleşik içtihadına göre, olayların akışından taraflardan birinin söz veya davranışı ile sözleşmeye son verildiği saptanabiliyorsa, bu türdeki davranışların da fesih niteliğinde kabul edilmesi gerekir. İşte, “eylemli fesih” kavramı bu noktada karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Anılan bu fesih biçimi, işçinin söz ve davranışlarının bir sonucu ise, “işçinin istifası” ya da teknik hukuk açısından iş sözleşmesinin işçi tarafından feshi; işverenden kaynaklı ise, işverence gerçekleştirilmiş bir fesih söz konusu olacaktır. Ne var ki, belirtilen bu hususlar da, her somut olaya uygulanabilirliği söz konusu olabilecek kesin bir anlam içermemektedir. Eylemli fesih konusundaki karmaşık sorunlara ve uyuşmazlıklara da bu husus kaynaklık etmektedir. Yargıtay, değişik olasılıkları dikkate alarak, işçinin kimi söz ve davranışlarını, işçi fesih değil, işveren feshi olarak niteleyebilmektedir. Bu çözüm, isabetli ve yerleşik içtihada dönüşmüş olmasına karşın, uyuşmazlıkların azımsanmayacak bir bölümünde, çelişkili sonuçlara varıldığı, eylemli fesih niteliğindeki maddi olayların hukuki değerlendirmesinin isabetsiz yapıldığı da tespit edilebilmektedir. Bu incelemenin temel amacı da, bu kapsamdaki sorunlara açıklık kazandırmak ve çelişkili kararlara işaret ederek, çözüm önerileri oluşturmaktır.
Karşılaştırmalı Bir Perspektif ile Türk ve Alman Hukukunda Genç İşçilerin Çalıştırılmasına Yönelik Mevzuatın Temel Esasları
Authors: HEKİMLER Alpay
Published: October 2022

Alınan tüm tedbirlere rağmen günümüzde çocuk işçiliği Dünyanın önemli bir sorunu olarak varlığını sürdürmektedir. Pandemiye bağlı olarak çocuk işçiliği son verilere göre gerilmesi bir tarafa, daha fazla artış göstermiştir. Bu gerçek karşısında, genç işçilerin sorunları maalesef ikinci plana itilmektedir. Oysa uluslararası belgelerde, çocuklar kadar genç işçi olarak tanımlanan kişilerin de korunması ve esas itibariyle eğitimlerini almaları ve istihdamın eğitimlerine engel olmayacak biçimde gerçekleşmesi yönünde hükümlere yer verilmiştir.

Bu çalışmada Federal Almanya ve Türkiye’de yürürlükte olan mevzuatlar kapsamında genç işçiliği ile ilgili alınmış tedbirler ortaya konmaya çalışılmakta olup, iki ülke arasındaki ortak ve farklılaşan hususlar spesifik ayrıntılara girilmeden ortaya konulmaya çalışılmaktadır.
The Rise of Technology for the Future Labor Force: The Nexus between Technology and Unemployment in OECD Countries
Authors: DAĞLI İbrahim
Published: October 2022

This paper studies the impact of technology on unemployment, focusing on OECD countries. Obviously, there is no consensus in the literature about the future impacts of technological breakthroughs on employment. The clear point is that the current skills will not match the occupations of the future and the companies will need many new skills. Technological advances will create millions of jobs but the other millions of jobs will disappear in this process. The purpose of this paper is to point out the ultimate impact of technology on unemployment at the macro level, which is quite insufficient quantitatively, related to the impact of technology on employment. In this paper, the nexus between technology and unemployment has been analyzed with S-GMM estimator in 33 OECD member countries for the years 2005-2018. According to panel data analysis, it is seen that all the control variables but GDP are statistically significant. The independent variable, IP5 patents representing technology is statistically highly significant and has a negative correlation with the dependent variable. The empirical results show that a 1% increase in technology reduces unemployment by 0.07%.
Vote en ligne pour les initiatives de terrain en Californie : Collecte de signatures électroniques
Authors: Bernie Baeaufort
Published: October 2022

Cet article traite du processus de collecte de signatures en ligne pour les propositions législatives, en prenant comme point de départ le processus actuel d'initiative populaire en Californie. Il décrit comment la signature en ligne des pétitions populaires fonctionnerait, ainsi que les problèmes de sécurité et autres objections à la La collecte de signatures Internet pourrait être abordée et, enfin, les avantages et les inconvénients de l'application de cette méthode de collecte de signatures aux initiatives populaires.
Folk Tourism Opportunities in Coastal Karnataka – A Study
Authors:   Sahyadri Commerce and Management College,, U SHASHIRAJ
Published: October 2022

Folklore is the traditional knowledge, culture and practices of commoners’ mainly rural inhabitants which are passed orally from individual to individual. Folklore is the mother root of a nation’s culture. Coastal Karnataka has a rich folklore repository in the form of ballads, riddles, legends, stories, proverbs, dance forms, customs, cuisines, festivals, sports and medicinal remedies. Every year it grabs number of tourists towards it. This paper is an attempt to study on folk tradition of coastal Karnataka and to portray the region as cultural tourism destination. The paper also aims at to identify the folk tourism opportunities the need. The Coastal Karnataka has plenty to offer to the tourists. The physiological characteristics of the region blended with it rich heritage culture of indigenous communities makes it as heavenly destination for visitors. A planned sustainable tourism practices in this region stimulate the tourist inflow and able to maintain the essence of cultural glory. Keywords: - Coastal Karnataka, cultural tourism, folk culture, indigenous community and sustainable tourism.
Capítulo 32: Hitos y Desafíos en la Construcción y Expansión de una Educación Intercultural Participativa en la Amazonía
Authors: Frieri Sandra , Bortolotto Fernanda , Amparo Rivera Gloria , Baniwa André Fernando , Herrera Bernardo , van der Hammen Maria Clara , Moutinho Paulo
Published: October 2022

En este capítulo se destacan algunas experiencias significativas de la región, recogidas de diferentes autores, que se han desarrollado para construir y ampliar la educación intercultural participativa y dialógica, a partir de la problematización del sistema educativo general y las reflexiones a las que conduce esta mirada problematizadora. Con los casos presentados, reflexionamos no solo sobre la importancia de una construcción educativa participativa para los PICL, sino también que el conocimiento es una forma de comunicación e incidencia política que puede ayudar en sus luchas por garantizar sus derechos y gobernabilidad.
Capítulo 33: Conectando y compartiendo conocimientos diversos hacia caminos sostenibles en la Amazonía
Authors: Varese Mariana , Rodríguez Carlos , Piland Natalia , Athayde Simone , Alvira Reyes Diana , Rodrigues da Costa Doria Carolina , Echeverri Juan Alvaro , Jarrett Christopher , Matapi Uldarico , Brito Maciel Ney José , Posada Visnu , Romualdo Román-Jitdutjaaño Oscar , Tello Leonardo , Trujillo Luis Angel
Published: October 2022

En este capítulo, utilizamos el marco conceptual de la participación pública en la investigación científica y un enfoque de indagación apreciativa para revisar y sintetizar una variedad de iniciativas ilustrativas en la Amazonía que alinean los sistemas de conocimiento científico (académico), técnico e Indígena y local en conservación e iniciativas de desarrollo. También consideramos recomendaciones y pautas de políticas recientes de asociaciones profesionales locales y globales, así como organizaciones de la sociedad civil.
Capítulo 2: Evolución de la biodiversidad Amazónica
Authors: Guayasamin Juan Manuel , Ribas Camila C , Carnaval Ana Carolina , Carrillo Juan D , Hoorn Carina , Lohmann Lucia G , Riff Douglas , Ulloa Ulloa Carmen , Albert James S
Published: October 2022

La biota de la Amazonía se ha producido durante millones de años, a través de una combinación diná-mica de procesos geológicos, climáticos y evolutivos. Su singular historia produjo paisajes heterogé-neos en múltiples escalas geográficas, generó hábitats diversos, alteró las conexiones geográficas y genéticas entre las poblaciones e impactó las tasas de adaptación, especiación y extinción. Su biota ecológicamente diversa, a su vez, promovió una mayor diversificación, la coexistencia de especies y la coevolución, aumentando la biodiversidad con el tiempo.
Capítulo 30: La Nueva Bioeconomía en la Amazonía: Oportunidades y desafíos para bosques en pie y ríos cauda-losos sanos
Authors: Abramovay Ricardo , Ferreira Joice , de Assis Costa Francisco , Ehrlich Marco , Castro Euler Ana Margarida , Young Carlos Eduardo F , Kaimowitz David , Moutinho Paulo , Nobre Ismael , Rogez Herve , Roxo Eduardo , Schor Tatiana , Villanova Luciana
Published: October 2022

Este capítulo allana el camino para una nueva visión de una bioeconomía de bosques en pie y ríos que fluyen saludablemente. Primero, presenta la bioeconomía como un campo reciente sin una definición unificada en la literatura internacional. Después de esto, describe cómo la bioeconomía de la sociobiodiversidad forestal en la Amazonía es aún muy limitada. Se discute la baja eficiencia económica de las formas actuales de aprovechamiento del bosque y se presenta el aprovechamiento económico actual de la sociobiodiversidad forestal en tres sectores básicos: maderable, productos no maderables y pesca. Luego, se presentan los siguientes servicios relacionados con la bioeconomía: sinergias con restauración forestal, turismo y pago por servicios ecosistémicos. Finalmente, discute la transición necesaria para que los bosques en pie y los ríos que fluyen saludablemente se conviertan en un vector para la prosperidad de las poblaciones y soluciones para los desafíos socioambientales globales.
Capítulo 20: Impulsores e impactos de los cambios en los ecosistemas acuáticos
Authors: Fearnside Philip , Berenguer Erika , Armenteras Dolors , Duponchelle Fabrice , Mosquera Guerra Federico , Jenkins Clinton N , Bynoe Paulette , García-Villacorta Roosevelt , Macedo Marcia , Val Adalberto Luis , Fonseca de Almeida-Val Vera Maria , Nascimento Nathalia
Published: October 2022

Los ecosistemas acuáticos de la Amazonía están siendo degradados y se prevé que las amenazas a su integridad aumenten en número e intensidad en los próximos años. En este capítulo revisamos algunas de estas amenazas.
Capítulo 19: Impulsores e impactos ecológicos de la deforestación y la degradación forestal
Authors: Berenguer Erika , Armenteras Dolors , Lees Alexander C , Smith Charlotte C , Fearnside Philip , Nascimento Nathalia , Alencar Ane , Almeida Claudio , Aragão Luiz E O , Barlow Jos , Bilbao Bibiana , Brando Paulo M , Bynoe Paulette , Finer Matt , Flores Bernardo M , Jenkins Clinton N , Silva Junior Celso H L , Souza Carlos , García-Villacorta Roosevelt
Published: October 2022

La deforestación y la degradación forestal son el resultado de la interacción entre varios impulsores directos que a menudo operan en tándem. El bioma amazónico había perdido aproximadamente 870.000 km2 de su cobertura forestal original, principalmente debido a la expansión agrícola (pastizales y tierras de cultivo). Otros impulsores directos incluyen la apertura de nuevas carreteras, la construcción de represas hidroeléctricas, la explotación de minerales y petróleo y la urbanización.
Capítulo 21: Impactos de la degradación de los ecosistemas terrestres y acuáticos sobre el bienestar y la salud de los seres humanos
Authors: Armenteras Dolors , Berenguer Erika , Andreazzi Cecilia S , Dávalos Liliana M , Duponchelle Fabrice , Hacon Sandra , Lescano Andres G , Macedo Marcia , Nascimento Nathalia
Published: October 2022

Los ecosistemas terrestres y acuáticos son la base de los servicios de los ecosistemas y desempeñan un papel crucial en los medios de subsistencia, el bienestar humano y la salud de las personas. Algunos de los problemas de salud actuales más relevantes y con grandes desafíos en la Amazonía están asociados a la deforestación y degradación de los ecosistemas terrestres y acuáticos. Estos incluyen el riesgo de contraer enfermedades infecciosas y distintos problemas respiratorios y cardiovasculares derivados de la degradación ambiental.
Capítulo 25: Una Visión del Desarrollo Sostenible Panamazónico
Authors: Alencar Ane , Painter Lilian , Athayde Simone , Bynoe Paulette , Duchelle Amy E , Hecht Susanna , Murmis María R , Paez Belen , Soltani Atossa , Leite Lucas Isabella
Published: October 2022

Este capítulo propone una visión enfocada en la vida que apoye una Amazonía sostenible, en la que el uso de sus recursos y la biodiversidad en el presente no comprometa la existencia de futuras generaciones de seres humanos y no humanos. La Visión Amazonía Viva es el resultado de consultas con científicos y autores del Panel Científico para la Amazonía, y sus múltiples interacciones con los actores de la región, así como un diálogo entre el conocimiento Indígena y la ciencia.
Capítulo 34: Impulsando las relaciones entre la selva amazónica y las ciudades globalizadas
Authors: Lapola David M , Paez Belen , Costa Sandra , da Silva Junior Roberto Donato , Peluso Daniela , Moutinho Paulo , Padgurschi Maíra , Baniwa Denilson , Bridi Sônia , Calapucha Nadino , Castro Zienhe , Falconi Fander , Junior James , Kamayurá Mapulu , Kohn Eduardo , Mattos Anderson , Nassar Pedro M , Troost Laurent , Ushigua Manari , Wallace Robert , Zangas Marko
Published: October 2022

Al brindar una revisión breve y no autorizada de las relaciones físicas y culturales entre las áreas rural/forestal y urbana en la Amazonía, identificamos varios aspectos a mejorar, como subsidiar la residencia de largo plazo de los profesionales de la salud en el campo, implementar cinturones agrícolas/extractivistas peri-urbanos para la seguridad alimentaria en las ciudades, aumentar la penetración de los bosques y espacios verdes en los paisajes urbanos amazónicos, invertir en innovación en torno al concepto de “ciudades inteligentes-bosques inteligentes” y, quizás lo más importante, movilizar recursos humanos, financieros y recursos institucionales para propiciar una resignificación o refundación de los vínculos culturales, espirituales y afectivos de los habitantes urbanos con el bosque, apoyados en la gente del bosque y sus cosmovisiones.
Capítulo transversal 2: Legado de los Ancestros: Paisajes bioculturales Amazónicos y sostenibilidad global en un mundo Post-COVID-19
Authors: Athayde Simone , Eduardo G Eduardo G , Shepard Glenn , Heckenberger Michael
Published: October 2022

Acá explicamos la forma como los pueblos Indígenas han forjado los paisajes del bosque en toda la Amazonía, y por qué siguen siendo socios claves para la preservación y el uso sostenible de la biodiversidad.
Capítulo 31: Fortalecimiento de la Gobernanza y Gestión de Tierras y Recursos Naturales: Áreas Protegidas, Tierras Indígenas y Territorios de Comunidades Locales
Authors: Barretto Filho Henyo Trindade , Ramos Adriana , Sobral Barra Camila , Barroso Marivelton , Caron Patrick , Benzi Grupioni Luis Donisete , von Hildebrand Martin , Jarrett Christopher , Pereira Junior Davi , Painter Lilian , Pereira Henrique , Rodríguez Carlos
Published: October 2022

Las áreas protegidas, las tierras Indígenas y los territorios de las comunidades locales cubren una gran proporción de la cuenca Amazónica. Estas tierras juegan un papel crucial para frenar la deforestación, mantener la estabilidad climática regional, mitigar el cambio climático global y, sobre todo, proteger los derechos sobre la tierra. Sin embargo, los derechos sobre la tierra en la Amazonía corren un riesgo crítico debido a los intereses políticos que impulsan la especulación de la tierra, la expansión de los agronegocios y la tala y minería ilegales, con el consiguiente aumento de las tasas de deforestación, además de las amenazas de cambiar la legislación sobre derechos territoriales.
Capítulo 29: Prioridades y beneficios de la restauración dentro de los paisajes y cuencas y en toda la Cuenca Amazónica
Authors: Barlow Jos , Sist Plinio , Almeida Rafael , Arantes Caroline , Berenguer Erika , Caron Patrick , Cuesta Francisco , Rodrigues da Costa Doria Carolina , Ferreira Joice , Flecker Alexander , Heilpern Sebastian , Kalamandeen Michelle , Lees Alexander C , Nascimento Nathalia , Piponiot Laroche Camille , Santos Pompeu Paulo , Souza Carlos , Valentim Judson F
Published: October 2022

La restauración se puede aplicar en muchos contextos amazónicos diferentes, pero será más eficaz para aprovechar los beneficios ambientales y sociales cuando se priorice en toda la cuenca Amazónica y dentro de los paisajes y cuencas. Aquí describimos las consideraciones que son más relevantes para planificar y escalar la restauración.
Capítulo 9: Pueblos de la Amazonía y Colonización Europea (siglos XVI - XVIII)
Authors: Cuvi Nicolás , Guiteras Mombiola Anna , Lehm Ardaya Zulema
Published: October 2022

Este capítulo trata sobre la historia de la Amazonía entre los siglos XVI y XVIII. Está organizado en función de los temas que han dejado huellas indelebles en el territorio, en algunos casos hasta la actualidad.
Capítulo 17: Globalización, extractivismo y exclusión social: Amenazas y Oportunidades para la Gobernanza de la Amazonía en Brasil
Authors: Larrea Carlos , Murmis María R , Azevedo Tasso , Nunes Felipe , Rajão Raoni , Ribeiro Capobianco João Paulo , Rodriguez Garavito César , Soares-Filho Britaldo , van der Hoff Richard
Published: October 2022

Este capítulo y el siguiente examinan estos y otros impulsores y procesos desde el punto de vista de las ciencias sociales. Una gran cantidad de estudios en economía política, sociología, eco-nomía, antropología y otros campos han docu-mentado los determinantes sociales y los impac-tos del deterioro ambiental en la Amazonía. Es importante destacar que han demostrado que esas fuerzas socioeconómicas operan no solo a nivel local y nacional, sino también a escala transnacional.
Capítulo 12: Lenguas Amazónicas: Dimensiones de la diversidad
Authors: van der Voort Hein , Rodriguez Alzza Ana Carolina , Dillon Swanson Tod , Crevels Mily
Published: October 2022

Este capítulo presenta las dimensiones que hacen de la región amazónica un lugar de extraordinaria diversidad lingüística. Los primeros informes de colonizadores, misioneros, viajeros, aventureros y científicos europeos mencionan la notable multitud de lenguas habladas por los diversos pueblos de la región. También destacaron el hecho de que estas lenguas parecían ser radicalmente diferentes entre sí.
Capítulo 8: Pueblos de la Amazonía antes de la Colonización Europea
Authors: Neves Eduardo G , Furquim Laura P , Levis Carolina , Rocha Bruna C , Waitling Jennifer G , Ozorio de Almeida Fernando , Jaimes Betancourt Carla , Junqueira André B , Moraes Claide P , Morcote-Rios Gaspar , Shock Myrtle P , Tamanaha Eduardo K
Published: October 2022

La ocupación Indígena de la Amazonía comenzó hace unos 12.000 años. La evidencia arqueológica muestra que estos primeros pobladores ya exhibieron diversidad cultural, expresada en diferentes estilos de arte rupestre
y artefactos de piedra. Estas sociedades tempranas tenían economías diversificadas que incluían el consumo generalizado de diferentes plantas y animales, junto con el cultivo temprano de plantas. Tales prácticas de cultivo de plantas transformaron a la Amazonía en uno de los centros independientes de domesticación de plantas en el mundo, así como en una cuna para la producción de agrobiodiversidad, incrustada en sistemas de conocimiento que aún conservan las sociedades Indígenas y otras tradicionales en el presente.
Capítulo 4: Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecológico en la Amazonía
Authors: Moraes R. Mónica , Correa Sandra Bibiana , Rodrigues da Costa Doria Carolina , Duponchelle Fabrice , Miranda Guido , Montoya Mariana , Phillips Oliver L , Salinas Norma , Silman Miles , Ulloa Ulloa Carmen , Zapata-Ríos Galo , Arieira Julia , ter Steege Hans
Published: October 2022

En este capítulo resumimos información sobre los ecosistemas amazónicos y sus funciones ecológicas, con un enfoque principal en los árboles. Comenzamos con una breve descripción de los tipos de vegetación de los Andes, seguida de una descripción más detallada de los tipos de vegetación terrestre de las tierras bajas amazónicas y concluimos con los vastos humedales incluidos en el área. Continuamos con un análisis de las principales funciones de los ecosistemas (p. ej., terrestres y acuáticos), con énfasis en la productividad y el secuestro de carbono. El objetivo de este capítulo es revelar la enorme variación de los tipos de vegetación, su diversidad y funcionamiento, y cómo esto es determinado por la dinámica del suelo, el clima y las inundaciones.
Capítulo 24: Resiliencia de la selva amazónica a los cambios globales: Evaluación del riesgo de puntos de inflexión
Authors: Hirota Marina , Flores Bernardo M , Betts Richard , Borma Laura S , Esquivel-Muelbert Adriane , Jakovac Catarina , Lapola David M , Montoya Encarni , Oliveira Rafael S , Sakschewski Boris
Published: October 2022

Aquí revisamos y discutimos la evidencia existente de los cambios en curso en el sistema forestal amazónico que pueden conducir a la pérdida de resiliencia y al cruce de puntos de inflexión más allá de los cuales el ecosistema puede cambiar persistentemente a un estado alternativo.
Capítulo 14: La Amazonía en movimiento: Políticas cambiantes, estrategias de desarrollo, pueblos, paisajes y medios de subsistencia
Authors: Hecht Susanna , Schmink Marianne , Abers Rebecca , Assad Eduardo D , Humphreys Bebbington Denise , Brondizio Eduardo S , Costa Francisco de Assis , Durán Calisto Ana María , Fearnside Philip , Garrett Rachael , Heilpern Sebastian , McGrath David , Oliveira Gustavo , Pereira Henrique , Pinedo-Vazquez Miguel
Published: October 2022

Este capítulo arroja una luz sobre las ideas, los actores y las prácticas principales que han dado forma a su dinámica actual para enfocar mejor a las personas amazónicas, cómo y dónde viven, y cómo eso está cambiando bajo el impacto de la globalización, la deforestación, la degradación de la tierra, la contaminación con agrotóxicos y por mercurio, los incendios masivos y la rápida urbanización.
Capítulo transversal 1: El presupuesto de carbono de la Amazonía
Authors: Gatti Luciana V , Melack John , Basso Luana S , Restrepo-Coupe Natalia , Aguiar Ana Paula , Pangala Sunitha , Saleska Scott R , Aragão Luiz E O , Phillips Oliver L , Armenteras Dolors
Published: October 2022

El objetivo principal de este capítulo transversal es resumir el estado de la Amazonía como fuente o sumidero de carbono (C). Los procesos y estudios involucrados se detallan en otros capítulos del SPA.
Capítulo 26: Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) y la Amazonía
Authors: Painter Lilian , Alencar Ane , Bennett Aoife , Bynoe Paulette , Guio Camilo , Murmis María R , Paez Belen , Robison Daniel , von Hildebrand Martin , Ochoa-Herrera Valeria , Leite Lucas Isabella
Published: October 2022

El Capítulo 26 discute la pertinencia y las limitaciones de las definiciones de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible para cada una de estas cinco dimensiones, considerando el contexto amazónico.
Capítulo 16: Estado Pasado y Actual de las Políticas de Conservación, Áreas Protegidas e Indígenas Territorios
Authors: Josse Carmen , de Melo Futada Silvia , von Hildebrand Martin , Moreno de los Ríos María , Oliveira-Miranda Maria A , de Moraes Tenório Edel N , Tuesta Ermeto
Published: October 2022

Este capítulo se enfoca en los procesos históricos recientes (desde la década de 1960) de dos tipos de unidades de manejo que son pilares de la conservación amazónica: las áreas protegidas (AP) y los territorios Indígenas (TI).
Capítulo 18: Globalización, extractivismo y exclusión social: Manifestaciones específicas de cada país
Authors: Larrea Carlos , Murmis María R , Peters Stefan , Escobar Andrés , Larrea-Alcazar Daniel M , Mantilla Luz Marina , Pichilingue Eduardo , Terán-Mantovani Emiliano , van den Bergh Michiel
Published: October 2022

This chapter presents country-specific descriptions of human intervention in the Amazon, including the expansion of agricultural and extractive activities. The analysis contains two comprehensive national cases (Colombia and Ecuador) and three short studies focused on public policies (Peru, Bolivia and Venezuela). The Brazilian experience reducing deforestation is presented in Chapter 17.
Visual Communication during the Presidential Election Campaign in Bulgaria in 2021
Authors:   Софийски университет ", Георгиева Анелия ,   Св. Климент Охридски"
Published: October 2022

Abstract: This paper presents the results of a study of the 2021 presidential election campaign in Bulgaria and in particular political posters during the second round through the prism of visual communication and design. A brief theoretical overview is presented and a methodology based on an interdisciplinary approach is outlined. The aim is to draw conclusions about the specificity of this campaign on a visual and communication level. The paper does not seek to achieve a broad scope, but to approbate a research methodology (Kress, Leeuwen, Fabian, Heskett, Barnard, Holtz-Bacha, Johansson, Marzvanyan, Alhawaj, Messaris, Yifeng, Wei, Zhonghua) based on established criteria in theoretical publications and in adapting methodo¬logical propositions. Keywords: presidential elections, political advertising, political marketing, posters, visual communication.
Editor’s Words
Authors:   Софийски университет ", Tisheva Yovka ,   Св. Климент Охридски", Kardasheva Antonina
Published: October 2022

Issue 53 includes publications on topics related to the manifestations of communication and rhetoric in dynamically developing fields and spheres in the 21st century: politics, social processes, media, the internet, business, education, etc. Some articles are more narrowly thematic, while others present the results of interdisciplinary research. The methods and methodologies used by the authors are both quantitative and qualitative. The analyses include inferring phenomena and processes in different areas of society, identifying trends, and presenting predictions from a scientific perspective. Bulgarian reality is one of the objects of study. Katya Mihailova analyses the campaigns for early parliamentary elections in Bulgaria in 2021 and draws rhetorical and discursive features based on an in-depth analysis. The presidential election candidates in Bulgaria in 2021 are analysed through the prism of visual communication and in particular based on posters by Anelia Georgieva. A broader scope is presented in the research of Ivelina Boevska, who presents digital democracy not only in a national context but also reaches to bring out the essence and trends in the dynamic communication environment from the perspective of political communication, political science and sociology. Again in discursive terms, but this time the dominant one is the online space as the object of study, with the authors (Natalia Ryabchenko, Olga Malysheva, Veronika Katermina, Anna Gnedash) making a study on the American reality from a linguistic perspective. Media and contemporary phenomena and manifestations are studied by Iliya Valkov, who analyzes four media or platforms that are part of the media ecosystem and media market in the country. Blogs and blogging are the subject of a theoretical overview by Rosalina Bozhilova, who presents traditional and new types and identifies specific manifestations. Lavinia Enache finds intersections between virtual communities, branding, ecotourism and consumer behaviour, with a focus on Romania. Education, academic communication and changes in the attitudes of teachers and students provoke the interest of researchers. Antoaneta Getova informs about some results of an analysis of changes in attitudes and communication in higher education during the pandemic in Bulgaria. Zeyneb Khadi, Hana Aissaoui present results of hybrid learning in an virtual environment in Algeria. Randy Harris’s book “Linguistic Wars: Chomsky, Lakoff, and the Battle for Deep Structure” is presented by Simeon Vassilev. The text has the metaphorical yet informative and appealing title of Randy Harris’s Linguistic Shakespeare. The publications written by students from the University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland (Armin Kuźmiński and Agnieszka Budzisz), are related to public and media communication. The internationality of the authors and the broad range of the subject matter, the high quality of the research, and the topicality of the issues are the features of Issue 53. Traditionally, there is a section introducing the authors.
Othering in EFL Hybrid Learning in the Algerian Higher Education Context
Authors:   University of Mouloud Maameri, Khaldi Zeyneb , Aissaoui Hana ,   University of Mouloud Maameri
Published: October 2022

Abstract: This paper seeks to examine deeply Algerian students’ othering in online learning. The study is carried out using phenomenological design. The data are collected using a semi-structured interview from 10 students who have been enrolled in hybrid learning at Algerian universities in the academic year 2020-2021 selected through convenience sampling, a purposeful sampling method. Students’ opinions were taken regarding how they described othering, their experience in online classes, disconnectedness from peers and instructors, and the challenges faced while going back to mandatory classes at the end of the semesters. The results will contribute in understanding how ‘’otherness’’ is newly perceived in 21st century, and thus, setting adjustments of the notion in online discourse. Key words: face-to-face FL classes, otherness, disconnectedness, hybrid learning.
The Role of Virtual Communities in the Brand-consumer Relationship in the Romanian Ecotourism
Authors:   University of Bucharest, Enache Lavinia
Published: October 2022

Abstract: The coronavirus pandemic is one of the events of the 21st century that has disturbed our entire economic, social, cultural life, etc. Its impact on the tourism industry has been massive: 63% of experts from the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO, 2021) believe that the sector will not fully recover by 2024. This global crisis in which travel, tourism, hospitality and events have been frozen in many parts of the world can change the tourism industry and the contexts in which it operates and creates new opportunities for promotion and development (Higgins-Desbioles 2020; Sharma, Thomas, & Paul 2021). According to research on pandemic tourism (Buckley 2021; Georgilas, Tsitsoni, Andreopoulou, Tsakaldiki & Kostopoulou 2021; Mazilu & Drăguleasa 2021; Enache 2021) at a micro level, a local trend has been highlighted, according to which the pandemic was a factor in the development of the Romanian ecotourism business because the restrictive measures affected more the mass tourism and less the ecotourism. This research aims to identify the factors that contributed to the development of the ecotourism business during the pandemic and to highlight the role of virtual communities in the brand-consumer relationship in ecotourism in Romania. In order to understand how the pandemic affect Romanian ecotourism businesses; what the role of virtual communities in the brand-consumer relationship was and how the promotion of online services contributed to the growth of ecotourism businesses during the pandemic, we used a quantitative re¬search method, by applying a questionnaire to ecotourism entrepreneurs from different regions of Romania. The question guide addressed topics about the characteristics of businesses in the field of ecotourism; the main difficulties encountered in launching, maintaining and developing the project; the additional safety measures adopted during the pandemic; the promotion channels used; the existence or non-existence of a brand-consumer relationship; the interaction of ecotourism entrepreneurs with virtual communities. Keywords: ecotourism, pandemic, virtual communities, social media, brand-consumer relationship, Romania.
Platforms for Compensating Deficits in Contemporary Journalism
Authors:   Университет за национално и световно стопанство, Вълков Илия
Published: October 2022

Abstract: Contemporary journalism faces a number of problems. Shrinking independent funding. Aggressive misinformation. It is under pressure from various power centers. Journalists are forced to work under pressure with reduced staff, while at the same time providing fast, accurate and verified information to the public. The article traces the processes after the economic crisis in 2007-2013, which led to the emergence of new platforms that try to fill current gaps in the leading functions of the media - to inform, to be a public watchdog, to monitor and control the authorities. Cases from the USA and Bulgaria are examined, focusing on non-profit organizations of journalists who specialize in investigations and fact-checking. A survey was also conducted with representatives of some of these leading platforms - The Anti-Corruption Fund Bulgaria, Factchek.bg, “Check” of Agence France-Presse and “For the truth”. Keywords: journalism, media, platforms for fact-checking, investigative journalism, deficits.
Abstract: The essay presents the results of a review of theoretical pub¬li¬cations, normative and legal documents related to European identity, multi¬lingualism, student mobility. The topics are presented in official juridical documents and public appearances and presentations. The aim is to identify manifestations of and phenomena related to European identity, identity, multilingualism, etc. Keywords: European identity, multilingualism, student mobility, single story, fake news.
Authors:   University of Silesia, Budzisz Agnieszka
Published: October 2022

Abstract: The essay presents the results of a review of theoretical pub¬li¬cations, normative and legal documents related to European identity, multi¬lingualism, student mobility. The topics are presented in official juridical documents and public appearances and presentations. The aim is to identify manifestations of and phenomena related to European identity, identity, multilingualism, etc. Keywords: European identity, multilingualism, student mobility, single story, fake news.
Changes in Communication in Higher Education during the Pandemic: Lecturers’ Attitudes
Authors:   Софийски университет ", Гетова Антоанета ,   Св. Климент Охридски"
Published: October 2022

Abstract: The analysis dedicated to the problems that lecturers in Bul¬garian universities encounter during the third year of COVID-19 pandemic; more precisely to the communication during the educational process that changes drastically due to the transition of the process to a digital environ¬ment. The main hypothesis is that the communication during the online learning is perceived by lecturers as not sufficiently effective being com¬puter mediated and also because it has less opportunities for feedback, which generates problems in the learning process as such. The analysis is based on an online survey with lecturers in different Bulgarian universities during the third year of the pandemic. Keywords: online research, online learning, pandemic, higher education, communication.
Kobiety na uniwersytetach i pandemia Covid-19. Badania porównawcze na temat pracy kobiet
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski, Ostaszewska Aneta , Szafranek Magdalena , Pietrusińska Marta Jadwiga , Ligna-Paczocha Karolina
Published: October 2022

Women at universities and the Covid-19 pandemic. Comparative research on women’s work The presented publication is a summary of the project “Women at universities and the Covid-19 pandemic. Comparative research on women’s work”. The project was carried out at the University of Warsaw in partnership with the University of Milan from September 2021 to August 2022. The research study is based on purposive sampling. It fits into a rather bleak and pessimistic picture of the modern university as an institution “in crisis”. The pandemic exacerbated the state of instability by revealing the tensions between the pursuit of progress and constraints, if only financial, and the strong habit to the traditional model of work. The university is not only a place to study, but also to work. And this aspect, more specifically, women’s work, was the focus of our research. We talked about women’s work at the university not only with female academics, but also with administrative, technical and IT support staff. We wanted to find out more about the experience of working under pandemic conditions and the challenges of post-pandemic reality. We believe that the women’s needs recognized in the course of the study and the proposed solutions (recommendations) can provide practical inspiration for change at universities that aim to improve gender equality and build more equal workplaces.
Women at universities and the Covid-19 pandemic. Comparative research on women’s work
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski, Ostaszewska Aneta , Szafranek Magdalena , Pietrusińska Marta Jadwiga , Ligna-Paczocha Karolina
Published: October 2022

Women at universities and the Covid-19 pandemic. Comparative research on women’s work The presented publication is a summary of the project “Women at universities and the Covid-19 pandemic. Comparative research on women’s work”. The project was carried out at the University of Warsaw in partnership with the University of Milan from September 2021 to August 2022. The research study is based on purposive sampling. It fits into a rather bleak and pessimistic picture of the modern university as an institution “in crisis”. The pandemic exacerbated the state of instability by revealing the tensions between the pursuit of progress and constraints, if only financial, and the strong habit to the traditional model of work. The university is not only a place to study, but also to work. And this aspect, more specifically, women’s work, was the focus of our research. We talked about women’s work at the university not only with female academics, but also with administrative, technical and IT support staff. We wanted to find out more about the experience of working under pandemic conditions and the challenges of post-pandemic reality. We believe that the women’s needs recognized in the course of the study and the proposed solutions (recommendations) can provide practical inspiration for change at universities that aim to improve gender equality and build more equal workplaces.
Driver performance at horizontal curves: bridging critical research gaps to increase safety
Authors: Ryan Alyssa , Hennessy Emily , Ai Chengbo , Kwon Wooseong , Fitzpatrick Cole , Knodler Michael
Published: October 2022

Horizontal curve segments are locations of critical safety concern given their high crash rates. Extensive research has identified that behavioral factors influence the occurrence of such crashes. However, the most beneficial countermeasure for a curve is not always implemented or is implemented inefficiently due to a lack of full understanding of driver behavior at curves compared to tangent roadway segments. The aim of this research is to identify the conditions that impact safety at curve locations compared to tangent segment locations. This is completed through a literature review of current research relating to curve safety issues and a safety analysis of curve and tangent segment data using a novel dataset that includes curve data throughout a region. The results of this study revealed several factors that cause horizontal curves to have a higher crash rate related to driver performance, including the increased task load and demand required at curve segments compared to tangent segments, and that horizontal curve segments have an increased rate of crashes per mile with an increasing AADT compared to tangent segments. Further, horizontal curve segments along one-way operations are of increased safety concern for drivers compared to tangent segments and two-way operations. The results of this study present the conditions that can be more carefully considered in future studies and analyses to consider the human factor cause behind the increased safety issue at curve segments.