bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrothermal vent fauna of the Galápagos Rift: updated species list with new records
Authors: Chen Chong , Jamieson John W. , Tunnicliffe Verena
Published: February 2024

The sighting of giant bivalves and tubeworms at the Rose Garden vent field on the Galápagos Rift in 1977 marked the discovery of hydrothermal vents, a turning point for modern biology. The following decade saw a flurry of taxonomic descriptions of vent endemic species from the first vents. With the finding of high-temperature “black smokers” on the East Pacific Rise, exploration shifted away from Galápagos. A faunal list of Galápagos vents with 65 species was published in 1991, then updated to 74 species in 2006. Since then, few expeditions returned to the Galápagos Rift. Here, we revisited several Galápagos vents including recently confirmed high-temperature sites and inactive sulfide mounds. From our collecting efforts and observations, as well as revisions from the literature, we update the faunal list to 92 species including 15 new records, restricted to obvious vent associates. Accurate regional faunal lists are important for understanding the biogeography of vent fauna, and our list will also be valuable for setting management strategies.
From subsistence to market-oriented farming: The role of groundwater irrigation in smallholder agriculture in eastern India
Authors: Rajkhowa Pallavi
Published: February 2024

Empowering smallholder farmers in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) and improving their livelihood is a critical goal for poverty reduction. To achieve this, agricultural commercialization can play an important role. However, a prerequisite to achieving agricultural commercialization is access and control of stable irrigation. This study revisits empirically the relationship between groundwater irrigation and crop commercialization. It also analyses the underlying mechanisms of how groundwater affects crop commercialization through on-farm production diversity. Studying the effects of groundwater irrigation on crop commercialization is essential for comprehending the trade-off between agricultural benefits and the environmental costs of groundwater irrigation. Geospatial and remote sensing information, combined with primary household data from small-scale farmers in eastern India, are employed in conjunction with an instrumental variable technique and a 3SLS simultaneous equation model for the analysis. The results suggest that small-scale farmers in eastern India experience enhanced crop commercialization when they have access to groundwater irrigation. Furthermore, the study suggests that the utilization of groundwater irrigation indirectly promotes crop commercialization by incentivizing farmers to diversify their production system.
Soil application of Popillia japonica control agents with a new injector
Authors: Santoiemma Giacomo , Battisti Andrea , Ciampitti Mariangela , Cavagna Beniamino , Bianchi Alessandro , Brugnaro Stefano , Glazer Itamar , Gilioli Gianni , Mori Nicola
Published: February 2024

The Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), is a major pest of turfgrasses, pastures and hay meadows in the invaded areas of North America and Europe. This study evaluated the efficacy of two biocontrol agents (the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorokin and the nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar) and the insecticide chlorantraniliprole against P. japonica larvae using a soil seeder modified for soil injection with minimum grass disturbance (“Eco Defender 25”). In 2021, trials were carried out at two hay meadows in the Lombardy region of Italy, using water and undisturbed plots as controls. Both biological agents and the insecticide reduced larval densities at one or the other site, but not at both sites, compared to the control. In the following spring, drone surveys conducted over the hay meadows did not show differences in grass quality between treatments, including the undisturbed plots. Overall, the soil injector demonstrated efficacy under distinct conditions, highlighting the need for further optimization according to soil properties.
Promoting Linguistically Based Health Literacy in Doctors for Better Cancer Healthcare in Cyprus
Authors: Georgiou Georgios P. , Mackay Polina
Published: February 2024

This paper explores a novel approach in cancer healthcare, underscoring the significance of fostering health literacy among doctors by enhancing their ability to employ linguistically oriented strategies to extract and interpret the linguistic behavior of patients. The focus is on the Greek-Cypriot context, where research on health literacy is still in its nascent stages.
Clinical predictors of postoperative complications in the context of enhanced recovery (ERAS) in patients with esophageal and gastric cancer
Authors: Geroin Christian , Weindelmayer Jacopo , Camozzi Serena , Leone Barbara , Turolo Cecilia , Hetoja Selma , Bencivenga Maria , Sacco Michele , De Pasqual Carlo Alberto , Mattioni Eugenia , de Manzoni Giovanni , Giacopuzzi Simone
Published: February 2024

The overall frequency of postoperative complications in patients with esophageal and gastric cancer diverges between studies. We evaluated the frequency and assessed the relationship between complications and demographic and clinical features. For this observational study, data were extracted from the ERAS Registry managed by the University of Verona, Italy. Patients were evaluated and compared for postoperative complications according to the consensus-based classification and the Clavien–Dindo scale. The study population was 877 patients: 346 (39.5%) with esophageal and 531 (60.5%) with gastric cancer; 492 (56.2%) reported one or more postoperative complications, 213 (61.6%) of those with esophageal and 279 (52.5%) of those with gastric cancer. When stratified by consensus-based classification, patients with esophageal cancer reported general postoperative complications more frequently (p < 0.001) than those with gastric cancer, but there was no difference in postoperative surgical complications between the two groups. Multiple logistic regression models revealed an association between postoperative complications and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–1.36), operation time (adjusted OR, 1.08; 95% CI 1.00–1.15), and days to solid diet intake (adjusted OR, 1.39; 95% CI 1.20–1.59). Complications in patients with esophageal and gastric cancer are frequent, even in those treated according to ERAS principles, and are often associated with comorbidities, longer operative time, and longer time to solid diet intake.
Simultaneous Cr(VI) Reduction and Dexamethasone Phosphate Oxidation with Organo-metallic Sludge Formation Under UV Irradiation: Kinetics, Degradation Pathways, and Mechanism
Authors: Sarkhosh Maryam , Azizi Shohreh , Mokrani Touhami , Seopela Mathapelo , Maaza Malik
Published: February 2024

In this study, we investigated the concurrent elimination of two distinct contaminants: organic matter in the form of dexamethasone phosphate (DexP) and an inorganic substance, chromium (Cr), employing UV irradiation. UV irradiation serves as a potent tool for breaking down organic materials, leading to the production of benign by-products, namely CO2 and H2O. Under optimal conditions characterized by a 30:1 DexP/Cr molar ratio and a pH level of 9, remarkable removal efficiencies were attained. In a mere 20 min, approximately 100% of DexP and 82.73% of Cr were effectively removed. Intriguingly, the removal of Cr exhibited an initially sluggish rate, with deposition commencing only after the breakdown of the DexP structure. This transformation was accompanied by the emergence of various sludge forms, each possessing unique characteristics. Utilizing Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, we identified these sludge forms as chromium(III) hydroxide (green sludge), chromium(III) hydroxide (brown sludge), chromium(III) oxide (tiny green crystals), chromium(II) acetate chromium trioxide (red brick), and chromium oxide (black sludge). Further experimentation with varying concentrations of Cr and DexP, ranging from 50 to 150 mg L−1, yielded a range of rate constants (kobs) from 0.33 to 0.15 and removal efficiencies (robs) from 16.8 to 23.4% in the UV/DexP/Cr process. Energy efficiency output (EEO) calculations revealed that Cr precipitation ranged from 24.65 to 5.74 kW h m−3, whereas DexP EEO ranged from 12.54 to 4.73 kW h m−3. Of significant importance is the observation that when these two contaminants are removed simultaneously, the overall energy consumption is substantially lower compared to the scenario where pollutants are addressed individually. This finding underscores the efficiency and potential energy cost savings achievable through the concurrent removal of DexP and Cr using UV irradiation, making it a promising approach for environmental remediation.
Deroofing: A Practical Guide for the Dermatologist
Authors: Dzuali Fiatsogbe , Yaghi Marita , Saylor Drew K.
Published: February 2024

Purpose of Review

Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic inflammatory skin condition marked by significant structural changes such as nodules, abscesses, and subcutaneous tunnels, often accompanied by drainage and pain. Medical treatment alone usually does not suffice for optimal disease control. Therefore, surgical interventions, particularly for moderate-to-severe cases with tunnel formation, are a crucial adjunct to medical therapy. This paper aims to outline a practical approach to deroofing in hidradenitis suppurativa, covering the necessary materials, surgical approach, wound care, common complications, and frequent patient questions.

Recent Findings

Classically, wide excision of the entire anatomical area affected by hidradenitis suppurativa is performed in the operating room under general anesthesia. As a tissue-sparing alternative, deroofing—excision of tunnels—can be performed in-office under local anesthesia. This method allows for targeted application to either single lesions or entire anatomic regions, preserving the base of the cavity. Post-surgical wounds are typically left to heal by secondary intention.

Deroofing is a safe, in-office procedure for the management of hidradenitis suppurativa, with minimal rates of post-surgical complications. It is generally well-tolerated and associated with high patient satisfaction. When combined with proper medical treatment, deroofing can help patients achieve local disease control. Optimizing post-operative wound care is paramount to facilitate patient recovery.
Organizational integration of highly skilled migrants? Social worlds as multiple cultures dismantling conventional framings
Authors: Grosskopf Sina , Barmeyer Christoph , Landes Andreas
Published: February 2024

This paper examines the integration of highly skilled migrants into organizations. Whereas prior research has mainly focused on macro-economic and macro-political analysis, little is known about the dynamic process of organizational level integration. Applying Strauss’ theory of social worlds and the concept of multiple cultures, we dismantle the boundaries of an organization describing the integration processes of migrants from the perspective of different social worlds that intersect an organization. We use social worlds which form around a core activity or context of action to describe different levels of cultures within an organization. Via multifaceted identification with these multiple cultures, we suggest that person–organization interaction and mutual intercultural learning processes with colleagues result in organizations conveying values, norms, behavior, language and social contacts that prove valuable and integrative, especially to newcomers. Based on three qualitative case studies in German SMEs, migrants’ experiences during the integration process show the central role organizations play inhibiting previously overlooked multi-cultural social worlds which lead not only to their organizational integration, but to societal integration as well. Organizations thus contribute to different forms of integration. Consequently, this paper extends traditional integration perspectives at the national or transnational level of analysis by differentiating into multiple cultures that provide integrative knowledge both internally and beyond the organization. In particular, interaction with colleagues as socialization agents leads to integration. Theory and practice should draw conclusions from this to consider integration as a multilayered opportunity.
Multi-objective Snow Ablation Optimization Algorithm: An Elementary Vision for Security-Constrained Optimal Power Flow Problem Incorporating Wind Energy Source with FACTS Devices
Authors: Pandya Sundaram B. , Kalita Kanak , Čep Robert , Jangir Pradeep , Chohan Jasgurpreet Singh , Abualigah Laith
Published: February 2024

This study delves into the exploration of a novel Multi-objective Snow Ablation Optimizer (MOSAO) algorithm, tailored for addressing expansive Optimal Power Flow (OPF) challenges inherent in intricate power systems. These systems are often complemented with the integration of renewable energy modalities and the state-of-the-art Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS). Building upon the foundational framework of a previously documented single-objective Snow Ablation Optimizer, we have evolved it into the MOSAO paradigm. This transformation is achieved by harnessing the potency of non-dominated sorting coupled with the crowding distance strategy. The task of OPF magnifies in complexity when integrating renewable energy resources due to their inherent unpredictability and intermittent nature. As the modern power landscape evolves, FACTS devices are witnessing an increasing deployment to mitigate network demand and alleviate congestion issues. Within the ambit of this research, we've incorporated a stochastic wind energy source, working synergistically with an array of FACTS instruments. These encompass the static VAR compensator, thyristor-controlled series compensator and thyristor-driven phase shifter, all operating within the confines of an IEEE-30 bus framework. Strategic placement and calibration of these FACTS devices aim to optimize the system by minimizing the cumulative fuel expenditure. The capricious essence of wind as an energy source is elegantly depicted through the lens of Weibull probability density graphs. To distil the optimal middle-ground solutions, we've employed a fuzzy decision-making matrix. When benchmarking our findings against those derived from other esteemed optimization algorithms, we observe a notable distinction. The results from the modified IEEE-30 bus system accentuate the superior convergence, diversity and distribution attributes of MOSAO, especially when scrutinizing power flows. The MOSAO source code is available at: https://github.com/kanak02/MOSAO.
Practical Ethics in Suicide
Authors: Mishara Brian L. , Weisstub David N.
Published: February 2024

When and how forcefully must we intervene to save a life, and when should we respect the will to die? This book presents alternative ethical paradigms to understand contemporary challenges in suicide research, prevention, practices, and policies, including challenges in the expanding legalization of euthanasia and assisted suicide ('medical assistance in dying'). Drawing on case studies and philosophical approaches, analysis focuses on decision-making when we are faced with questions about obligations to help and intervene in suicidal situations. Chapters cover moral dilemmas in rescue policies, ethical challenges in suicide research, civil and legal considerations, and similarities and differences with accessing medical assistance in dying. Discussion is grounded in contemporary debates, addressing important issues such as if we should continue to hospitalize people to protect them from self-harm, or control access to 'dangerous' suicide content online? This book is unique in its focus on the practical concerns of mental health professionals, helplines, researchers, policy makers, and programme planners who are faced with ethical challenges in suicidology and suicide prevention.
French Art Song
Authors: Kilpatrick Emily
Published: February 2024

A ground-breaking study of the musical and literary priorities, professional practices and creative interactions that shaped one of the most adventurous artforms of the Belle Époque.
Deferring to Expertise whilst Maintaining Autonomy
Authors: Brown Rebecca C. H.
Published: February 2024

This paper will consider the extent to which patients' dependence on clinical expertise when making medical decisions threatens patient autonomy. I start by discussing whether or not dependence on experts isprima facietroubling for autonomy and suggest that it is not. I then go on to consider doctors' and other healthcare professionals' status as ‘medical experts’ of the relevant sort and highlight a number of ways in which their expertise is likely to be deficient. I then consider how this revised picture of medical expertise should lead us to view the potential threat to patient autonomy that results from depending on such ‘experts’. I argue that, whether or not patients are aware of the limitations of medical expertise, in practice it is difficult to do other than defer to medical advice, and this presents a threat to patient autonomy that should be addressed. I conclude by suggesting some ways in which this threat to autonomy might be mitigated.
Invariant sets and nilpotency of endomorphisms of algebraic sofic shifts
Authors: CECCHERINI-SILBERSTEIN TULLIO , COORNAERT MICHEL , PHUNG XUAN KIEN
Published: February 2024

Let G be a group and let V be an algebraic variety over an algebraically closed field K. Let A denote the set of K-points of V. We introduce algebraic sofic subshifts
${\Sigma \subset A^G}$
and study endomorphisms
$\tau \colon \Sigma \to \Sigma $
. We generalize several results for dynamical invariant sets and nilpotency of
$\tau $
that are well known for finite alphabet cellular automata. Under mild assumptions, we prove that
$\tau $
is nilpotent if and only if its limit set, that is, the intersection of the images of its iterates, is a singleton. If moreover G is infinite, finitely generated and
$\Sigma $
is topologically mixing, we show that
$\tau $
is nilpotent if and only if its limit set consists of periodic configurations and has a finite set of alphabet values.
The role of convexity in defining regular polyhedra
Authors: Ottewill Chris
Published: February 2024

It is almost twenty years since Branko Grünbaum lamented that the ‘original sin’ in the theory of polyhedra is that from Euclid onwards “the writers failed to define what are the ‘polyhedra’ among which they are finding the ‘regular’ ones” ([1, p. 43]). Various definitions of ‘regular’ can be found in the literature with a condition of convexity often included (e.g. [2, p. 301], [3, p. 77], [4, p. 47], [5, p. 435], [6, p. 16]). The condition of convexity is usually cited to exclude regular self-intersecting polyhedra, i.e. the Kepler-Poinsot polyhedra, such as the ‘great dodecahedron’ consisting of twelve intersecting pentagonal faces shown in Figure 1 with one face shaded. Richeson also notes ([4, pp. 47-48]) that, for a particular definition of ‘regular’, convexity is needed to exclude the ‘punched-in’ icosahedron shown in Figure 2.
Euler’s prime-producing polynomial revisited
Authors: Heffernan Robert , Lord Nick , MacHale Des
Published: February 2024

Euler’s polynomial f (n) = n2 + n + 41 is famous for producing 40 different prime numbers when the consecutive values 0, 1, …, 39 are substituted: see Table 1. Some authors, including Euler, prefer the polynomial f (n − 1) = n2 − n + 41 with prime values for n = 1, …, 40. Since f (−n) = f (n − 1), f (n) actually takes prime values (with each value repeated once) for n = −40, −39, …, 39; equivalently the polynomial f (n − 40) = n2 − 79n + 1601 takes (repeated) prime values for n = 0, 1, …, 79.
ABC-triangles
Authors: Griffiths Jonny
Published: February 2024

If we talk about the centre of a triangle, what might we be referring to? Any triangle has many different points that could regarded as its centre; in fact, Encyclopedia of Triangle Centres lists over 70 000 possibilities. Three of the most famous centres, that every triangle will possess (although they may coincide), are the incentre (where the three angle bisectors meet), the centroid (where the three medians meet) and the orthocentre (where the three altitudes meet). Proofs that these centres are well-defined and exist for every triangle are simple and satisfying, good examples of reasoning (if we are teachers) for our students. Proving the three altitudes of a triangle share a point using the scalar product of vectors is a wonderful demonstration of the power of this idea.
Patterns among square roots of the 2 × 2 identity matrix
Authors: Sporn Howard
Published: February 2024

The 2 × 2 identity matrix, $${I_2} = \left( \begin{gathered}{\rm{1 \,\,\,0}} \hfill \\ {\rm{0 \,\,\,1}} \hfill \\ \end{gathered} \right)$$, has an infinite number of square roots. The purpose of this paper is to show some interesting patterns that appear among these square roots. In the process, we will take a brief tour of some topics in number theory, including Pythagorean triples, Eisenstein triples, Fibonacci numbers, Pell numbers and Diophantine triples.
A characterisation of regular n-gons via (in)commensurability
Authors: Rossetto Silvano , Vincenzi Giovanni
Published: February 2024

In Euclidean geometry, a regular polygon is equiangular (all angles are equal in size) and equilateral (all sides have the same length) polygon. So regular polygons should be thought of as special polygons.
Functions and Populations: Sharpening the Generalized Selected Effects Theory of Function
Authors: Garson Justin
Published: February 2024

The generalized selected effects theory of function (GSE) holds that a trait’s proper function is an activity that historically caused its differential persistence or differential reproduction within a population, construed as a collection of individuals that impact each other’s persistence or reproduction chances. Several critics have taken aim at GSE on the grounds that its appeal to populations is either unfit for purpose or arbitrary. Here I revise GSE by articulating a notion of population that is fit for purpose and showing that its selection is not arbitrary but flows from the realist commitments of the selected effects theory.
Current perspectives and challenges in the estimation of fruit juice consumption across the lifecycle in Europe
Authors: Walton Janette , Kehoe Laura
Published: February 2024

Fruit juice (FJ) is typically low in energy, contains natural sugars, important amounts of micronutrients and is not permitted to have added sugars/sweeteners. However, its role in a healthy diet is under scrutiny partly due to the wider adoption of the definition for free sugars in nutrition policy. This review aimed to identify data on FJ consumption from national food consumption surveys across Europe, to examine current intakes, percent consumers and its contribution to intakes of energy, total sugars, free sugars, vitamin C, folate and potassium. Data were extracted on the population mean intake of FJ and its contribution to nutrient intakes across the lifecycle and crude estimates of population mean intakes across countries were reported for the total population and for consumers only. This review highlighted significant gaps/challenges regarding the availability of country-specific national food consumption surveys across Europe and specifically data on FJ consumption (including complexities surrounding categorisations). Nonetheless, using a comparable/homogenous definition, the mean intake of FJ among consumers was approximately 1 × 150 ml glass/day for adults/older adults, with lower intakes among infants (86 g/d), children (108 g/d) and teenagers (112 g/d). FJ made important contributions to intakes of vitamin C while making little contribution to energy intakes but also contributed 2–14 % of free sugars intake (which may be considered modest compared to other sources). The complexity of collating and interpreting data on FJ intake as elucidated in this review raises questions surrounding the categorisation of FJ in research and presents significant challenges for policymakers with respect to dietary guidance for FJ.
Nation-Wide Variation in Presence of Legislation or Protocols for EMS Care of Operational Canines
Authors: Schoenfeld David W. , Thomas Caroline E. , Palmer Lee , Justice William , Hwang Esther , Zimmerman Kate D. , Goodloe Jeffrey M. , Shecter Jonathan D. , Thomas Stephen H.
Published: February 2024

Background & Aims:

Deployment of law enforcement operational canines (OpK9s) risks injuries to the animals. This study’s aim was to assess the current status of states’ OpK9 (veterinary Emergency Medical Services [VEMS]) laws and care protocols within the United States.

Methods:

Cross-sectional standardized review of state laws/regulations and OpK9 VEMS treatment protocols was undertaken. For each state and for the District of Columbia (DC), the presence of OpK9 legislation and/or care protocols was ascertained. Information was obtained through governmental records and from stakeholders (eg, state EMS medical directors and state veterinary boards).

The main endpoints were proportions of states with OpK9 laws and/or treatment protocols. Proportions are reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Fisher’s exact test (P <.05) assessed whether presence of an OpK9 law in a given jurisdiction was associated with presence of an OpK9 care protocol, and whether there was geographic variation (based on United States Census Bureau regions) in presence of OpK9 laws or protocols.

Results:

Of 51 jurisdictions, 20 (39.2%) had OpK9 legislation and 23 (45.1%) had state-wide protocols for EMS treatment of OpK9s. There was no association (P = .991) between presence of legislation and presence of protocols. There was no association (P = .144) between presence of legislation and region: Northeast 66.7% (95% CI, 29.9-92.5%), Midwest 50.0% (95% CI, 21.1-78.9%), South 29.4% (95% CI, 10.3-56.0%), and West 23.1% (95% CI, 5.0-53.8%). There was significant (P = .001) regional variation in presence of state-wide OpK9 treatment protocols: Northeast 100.0% (95% CI, 66.4-100.0%), Midwest 16.7% (95% CI, 2.1-48.4%), South 47.1% (95% CI, 23.0-72.2%), and West 30.8% (95% CI, 9.1-61.4%).

Conclusion:

There is substantial disparity with regard to presence of OpK9 legal and/or clinical guidance. National collaborative guidelines development is advisable to optimize and standardize care of OpK9s. Additional attention should be paid to educational and training programs to best utilize the limited available training budgets.
Extended correlation functions for spatial analysis of multiplex imaging data
Authors: Bull Joshua A. , Mulholland Eoghan J. , Leedham Simon J. , Byrne Helen M.
Published: February 2024

Imaging platforms for generating highly multiplexed histological images are being continually developed and improved. Significant improvements have also been made in the accuracy of methods for automated cell segmentation and classification. However, less attention has focused on the quantification and analysis of the resulting point clouds, which describe the spatial coordinates of individual cells. We focus here on a particular spatial statistical method, the cross-pair correlation function (cross-PCF), which can identify positive and negative spatial correlation between cells across a range of length scales. However, limitations of the cross-PCF hinder its widespread application to multiplexed histology. For example, it can only consider relations between pairs of cells, and cells must be classified using discrete categorical labels (rather than labeling continuous labels such as stain intensity). In this paper, we present three extensions to the cross-PCF which address these limitations and permit more detailed analysis of multiplex images: topographical correlation maps can visualize local clustering and exclusion between cells; neighbourhood correlation functions can identify colocalization of two or more cell types; and weighted-PCFs describe spatial correlation between points with continuous (rather than discrete) labels. We apply the extended PCFs to synthetic and biological datasets in order to demonstrate the insight that they can generate.
Mariachi Musicians and Collective Grief during the COVID Pandemic in Southern California
Authors: VALLEJO JESSIE M.
Published: February 2024

During winter 2020–2021, Los Angeles County suffered a brutal third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Latinxs, who account for 49 percent of the local population, were disproportionately devastated by high numbers of COVID-19-positive cases and alarming increases in mortality rates. Despite the popular perception that all musicians were silenced during the pandemic, I draw from my personal experience as a mariachi and those of my musical colleagues to document the impact of systemic marginalisation on the lives of mariachi musicians and how we responded to the pandemic by supporting each other and our community through performances.
Coach-athlete relationship and burnout symptoms among young elite athletes and the role of mental toughness as a moderator
Authors: Gerber Markus , Gygax Basil , Cody Robyn
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Introduction: Social and contextual factors play an important role for elite athletes’ mental health. In the present study, we examined how young elite athletes’ coach-athlete relationship appraisals are associated with and longitudinally predict general and athlete-specific burnout symptoms and whether mental toughness moderates the association between the coach-athlete relationship and burnout symptoms. Methods: In this prospective study, data were collected twice within a 6 to 10-month interval. The sample consisted of 295 athletes attending Swiss Olympic Partner Schools (186 boys, 109 girls), with a mean age of 16.73±1.38 years. The following instruments were applied: Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q), Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ), Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM), and Mental Toughness Questionnaire (MTQ). Cross-lagged panel analyses were performed to examine reciprocal relationships across time. Interaction effects were tested via hierarchical regression analyses. Results: Cross-sectionally, athletes who perceived their coach-athlete relationship as negative reported more general and athlete-specific burnout symptoms. Burnout symptoms were relatively stable across time, which made it difficult to explain further variance via coach-athlete relationship appraisals in the prospective analyses. While higher mental toughness scores were associated with fewer burnout symptoms in the cross-sectional analyses, higher mental toughness did not moderate the association between the coach-athlete relationship and burnout symptoms. Conclusion: The coach-athlete relationship plays an important role in athletes’ mental health. Therefore, coaches need the ability to develop effective relationships with their athletes, including thoughtful and respectful communication about issues specific to sport and life generally.
Identification of Neighborhood Hotspots via the Cumulative Hazard Index: Results From a Community‐Partnered Low‐Cost Sensor Deployment
Authors: Jain Sakshi , Gardner‐Frolick Rivkah , Martinussen Nika , Jackson Dan , Giang Amanda , Zimmerman Naomi
Published: February 2024

The Strathcona neighborhood in Vancouver is particularly vulnerable to environmental injustice due to its close proximity to the Port of Vancouver, and a high proportion of Indigenous and low‐income households. Furthermore, local sources of air pollutants (e.g., roadways) can contribute to small‐scale variations within communities. The aim of this study was to assess hyperlocal air quality patterns (intra‐neighborhood variability) and compare them to average Vancouver concentrations (inter‐neighborhood variability) to identify possible disparities in air pollution exposure for the Strathcona community. Between April and August 2022, 11 low‐cost sensors (LCS) were deployed within the neighborhood to measure PM2.5, NO2, and O3 concentrations. The collected 15‐min concentrations were down‐averaged to daily concentrations and compared to greater Vancouver region concentrations to quantify the exposures faced by the community relative to the rest of the region. Concentrations were also estimated at every 25 m grid within the neighborhood to quantify the distribution of air pollution within the community. Using population information from census data, cumulative hazard indices (CHIs) were computed for every dissemination block. We found that although PM2.5 concentrations in the neighborhood were lower than regional Vancouver averages, daily NO2 concentrations and summer O3 concentrations were consistently higher. Additionally, although CHIs varied daily, we found that CHIs were consistently higher in areas with high commercial activity. As such, estimating CHI for dissemination blocks was useful in identifying hotspots and potential areas of concern within the neighborhood. This information can collectively assist the community in their advocacy efforts.
Neglect of Potential Seasonal Streamflow Forecasting Skill in the United States National Water Model
Authors: Crow Wade T. , Koster Randal D. , Reichle Rolf H. , Chen Fan , Liu Qing
Published: February 2024

Using data from the NASA Soil Moisture Active/Passive mission, Koster et al. (2023, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467‐023‐39318‐3) conclude that, for medium‐scale basins in the contiguous United States, a quarter of interannual variability in springtime streamflow is explained by interannual anomalies in late‐fall soil moisture. This lagged relationship can be leveraged for seasonal hydrologic forecasting, but only if effectively captured by existing prediction models. Here, we extend the analysis in Koster et al. (2023, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467‐023‐39318‐3) to diagnose systematic errors present in the United States National Water Model (NWM). Results demonstrate that the NWM tends to underestimate both the trans‐winter temporal memory of 0–1 m soil moisture as well as the correlation between 0 and 1 m soil moisture and streamflow—thereby reducing the NWM's ability to leverage vertically averaged soil moisture as a source of hydrologic predictability.
Quantitative systems pharmacology modeling of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer for translational efficacy evaluation and combination assessment across therapeutic modalities
Authors: Zhou Ya-ting , Chu Jia-hui , Zhao Shu-han , Li Ge-li , Fu Zi-yi , Zhang Su-jie , Gao Xue-hu , Ma Wen , Shen Kai , Gao Yuan , Li Wei , Yin Yong-mei , Zhao Chen
Published: February 2024

HER2-positive (HER2+) metastatic breast cancer (mBC) is highly aggressive and a major threat to human health. Despite the significant improvement in patients’ prognosis given the drug development efforts during the past several decades, many clinical questions still remain to be addressed such as efficacy when combining different therapeutic modalities, best treatment sequences, interindividual variability as well as resistance and potential coping strategies. To better answer these questions, we developed a mechanistic quantitative systems pharmacology model of the pathophysiology of HER2+mBC that was extensively calibrated and validated against multiscale data to quantitatively predict and characterize the signal transduction and preclinical tumor growth kinetics under different therapeutic interventions. Focusing on the second-line treatment for HER2+mBC, e.g., antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), small molecule inhibitors/TKI and chemotherapy, the model accurately predicted the efficacy of various drug combinations and dosing regimens at the in vitro and in vivo levels. Sensitivity analyses and subsequent heterogeneous phenotype simulations revealed important insights into the design of new drug combinations to effectively overcome various resistance scenarios in HER2+mBC treatments. In addition, the model predicted a better efficacy of the new TKI plus ADC combination which can potentially reduce drug dosage and toxicity, while it also shed light on the optimal treatment ordering of ADC versus TKI plus capecitabine regimens, and these findings were validated by new in vivo experiments. Our model is the first that mechanistically integrates multiple key drug modalities in HER2+mBC research and it can serve as a high-throughput computational platform to guide future model-informed drug development and clinical translation.
Ruxolitinib in patients with graft versus host disease (GvHD): findings from a compassionate use program
Authors: Pattipaka Thirupathi , Sarp Séverine , Nakhaei Peyman , Güneş Sibel
Published: February 2024

The ruxolitinib compassionate use (CU) program offered ruxolitinib to patients ≥2 years of age with confirmed steroid-resistant acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD and cGvHD, respectively). Data from 1180 patients (n = 775, 370 and 35 with cGvHD, aGvHD, and non-specified GvHD, respectively) were analyzed. Most patients had severe cGvHD (56%) or stage III/IV aGvHD (70%) disease and had previously received corticosteroids ( > 80%); ruxolitinib was requested primarily as a second-/third-line option. Patients <12 and ≥12 years old most often received the recommended ruxolitinib doses (5 mg twice daily [BID] and 10 mg BID, respectively); however, 23% and 30% of ≥12 year olds with cGvHD and aGvHD, respectively, received the lower dose of 5 mg BID. Notably, corticosteroid usage decreased with ruxolitinib treatment; at the initial ruxolitinib request, 81% and 91% of patients with cGvHD and aGvHD, respectively, were receiving corticosteroids whereas at resupply, 62% and 64%, respectively, were receiving corticosteroids. Eighty two percent of evaluable patients with cGvHD had a complete or partial response to treatment and 56% of evaluable patients with aGvHD had a best response of grade 0/I. These findings demonstrate the rapid and positive effects of ruxolitinib in patients with GvHD in a real-world setting.
Compact zinc finger architecture utilizing toxin-derived cytidine deaminases for highly efficient base editing in human cells
Authors: Fauser Friedrich , Kadam Bhakti N. , Arangundy-Franklin Sebastian , Davis Jessica E. , Vaidya Vishvesha , Schmidt Nicola J. , Lew Garrett , Xia Danny F. , Mureli Rakshaa , Ng Colman , Zhou Yuanyue , Scarlott Nicholas A. , Eshleman Jason , Bendaña Yuri R. , Shivak David A. , Reik Andreas , Li Patrick , Davis Gregory D. , Miller Jeffrey C.
Published: February 2024

Nucleobase editors represent an emerging technology that enables precise single-base edits to the genomes of eukaryotic cells. Most nucleobase editors use deaminase domains that act upon single-stranded DNA and require RNA-guided proteins such as Cas9 to unwind the DNA prior to editing. However, the most recent class of base editors utilizes a deaminase domain, DddAtox, that can act upon double-stranded DNA. Here, we target DddAtox fragments and a FokI-based nickase to the human CIITA gene by fusing these domains to arrays of engineered zinc fingers (ZFs). We also identify a broad variety of Toxin-Derived Deaminases (TDDs) orthologous to DddAtox that allow us to fine-tune properties such as targeting density and specificity. TDD-derived ZF base editors enable up to 73% base editing in T cells with good cell viability and favorable specificity.
Real-world time-travel experiment shows ecosystem collapse due to anthropogenic climate change
Authors: Li Guandong , Törnqvist Torbjörn E. , Dangendorf Sönke
Published: February 2024

Predicting climate impacts is challenging and has to date relied on indirect methods, notably modeling. Here we examine coastal ecosystem change during 13 years of unusually rapid, albeit likely temporary, sea-level rise ( > 10 mm yr−1) in the Gulf of Mexico. Such rates, which may become a persistent feature in the future due to anthropogenic climate change, drove rising water levels of similar magnitude in Louisiana’s coastal wetlands. Measurements of surface-elevation change at 253 monitoring sites show that 87% of these sites are unable to keep up with rising water levels. We find no evidence for enhanced wetland elevation gain through ecogeomorphic feedbacks, where more frequent inundation would lead to enhanced biomass accumulation that could counterbalance rising water levels. We attribute this to the exceptionally rapid sea-level rise during this time period. Under the current climate trajectory (SSP2-4.5), drowning of ~75% of Louisiana’s coastal wetlands is a plausible outcome by 2070.
Dynamics of activation in the voltage-sensing domain of Ciona intestinalis phosphatase Ci-VSP
Authors: Guo Spencer C. , Shen Rong , Roux Benoît , Dinner Aaron R.
Published: February 2024

TheCiona intestinalisvoltage-sensing phosphatase (Ci-VSP) is a membrane protein containing a voltage-sensing domain (VSD) that is homologous to VSDs from voltage-gated ion channels responsible for cellular excitability. Previously published crystal structures of Ci-VSD in putative resting and active conformations suggested a helical-screw voltage sensing mechanism in which the S4 helix translocates and rotates to enable exchange of salt-bridge partners, but the microscopic details of the transition between the resting and active conformations remained unknown. Here, by combining extensive molecular dynamics simulations with a recently developed computational framework based on dynamical operators, we elucidate the microscopic mechanism of the resting-active transition at physiological membrane potential. Sparse regression reveals a small set of coordinates that distinguish intermediates that are hidden from electrophysiological measurements. The intermediates arise from a noncanonical helical-screw mechanism in which translocation, rotation, and side-chain movement of the S4 helix are only loosely coupled. These results provide insights into existing experimental and computational findings on voltage sensing and suggest ways of further probing its mechanism.
Neurofibromin 1 controls metabolic balance and Notch-dependent quiescence of murine juvenile myogenic progenitors
Authors: Wei Xiaoyan , Rigopoulos Angelos , Lienhard Matthias , Pöhle-Kronawitter Sophie , Kotsaris Georgios , Franke Julia , Berndt Nikolaus , Mejedo Joy Orezimena , Wu Hao , Börno Stefan , Timmermann Bernd , Murgai Arunima , Glauben Rainer , Stricker Sigmar
Published: February 2024

Patients affected by neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) frequently show muscle weakness with unknown etiology. Here we show that, in mice, Neurofibromin 1 (Nf1) is not required in muscle fibers, but specifically in early postnatal myogenic progenitors (MPs), where Nf1 loss led to cell cycle exit and differentiation blockade, depleting the MP pool resulting in reduced myonuclear accretion as well as reduced muscle stem cell numbers. This was caused by precocious induction of stem cell quiescence coupled to metabolic reprogramming of MPs impinging on glycolytic shutdown, which was conserved in muscle fibers. We show that a Mek/Erk/NOS pathway hypersensitizes Nf1-deficient MPs to Notch signaling, consequently, early postnatal Notch pathway inhibition ameliorated premature quiescence, metabolic reprogramming and muscle growth. This reveals an unexpected role of Ras/Mek/Erk signaling supporting postnatal MP quiescence in concert with Notch signaling, which is controlled by Nf1 safeguarding coordinated muscle growth and muscle stem cell pool establishment. Furthermore, our data suggest transmission of metabolic reprogramming across cellular differentiation, affecting fiber metabolism and function in NF1.
Non-volatile electrical polarization switching via domain wall release in 3R-MoS2 bilayer
Authors: Yang Dongyang , Liang Jing , Wu Jingda , Xiao Yunhuan , Dadap Jerry I. , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Ye Ziliang
Published: February 2024

Understanding the nature of sliding ferroelectricity is of fundamental importance for the discovery and application of two-dimensional ferroelectric materials. In this work, we investigate the phenomenon of switchable polarization in a bilayer MoS2 with natural rhombohedral stacking, where the spontaneous polarization is coupled with excitonic effects through asymmetric interlayer coupling. Using optical spectroscopy and imaging techniques, we observe how a released domain wall switches the polarization of a large single domain. Our results highlight the importance of domain walls in the polarization switching of non-twisted rhombohedral transition metal dichalcogenides and open new opportunities for the non-volatile control of their optical response.
Endotaxial stabilization of 2D charge density waves with long-range order
Authors: Sung Suk Hyun , Agarwal Nishkarsh , El Baggari Ismail , Kezer Patrick , Goh Yin Min , Schnitzer Noah , Shen Jeremy M. , Chiang Tony , Liu Yu , Lu Wenjian , Sun Yuping , Kourkoutis Lena F. , Heron John T. , Sun Kai , Hovden Robert
Published: February 2024

Charge density waves are emergent quantum states that spontaneously reduce crystal symmetry, drive metal-insulator transitions, and precede superconductivity. In low-dimensions, distinct quantum states arise, however, thermal fluctuations and external disorder destroy long-range order. Here we stabilize ordered two-dimensional (2D) charge density waves through endotaxial synthesis of confined monolayers of 1T-TaS2. Specifically, an ordered incommensurate charge density wave (oIC-CDW) is realized in 2D with dramatically enhanced amplitude and resistivity. By enhancing CDW order, the hexatic nature of charge density waves becomes observable. Upon heating via in-situ TEM, the CDW continuously melts in a reversible hexatic process wherein topological defects form in the charge density wave. From these results, new regimes of the CDW phase diagram for 1T-TaS2 are derived and consistent with the predicted emergence of vestigial quantum order.
Experimental evidence for cancer resistance in a bat species
Authors: Hua Rong , Ma Yuan-Shuo , Yang Lu , Hao Jun-Jun , Hua Qin-Yang , Shi Lu-Ye , Yao Xiao-Qing , Zhi Hao-Yu , Liu Zhen
Published: February 2024

Mammals exhibit different rates of cancer, with long-lived species generally showing greater resistance. Although bats have been suggested to be resistant to cancer due to their longevity, this has yet to be systematically examined. Here, we investigate cancer resistance across seven bat species by activating oncogenic genes in their primary cells. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments suggest that Myotis pilosus (MPI) is particularly resistant to cancer. The transcriptomic and functional analyses reveal that the downregulation of three genes (HIF1A, COPS5, and RPS3) largely contributes to cancer resistance in MPI. Further, we identify the loss of a potential enhancer containing the HIF1A binding site upstream of COPS5 in MPI, resulting in the downregulation of COPS5. These findings not only provide direct experimental evidence for cancer resistance in a bat species but also offer insights into the natural mechanisms of cancer resistance in mammals.