bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problematizing Boundaries of Care Responsibility in Caring Relationships
Authors: Kristoffersen Margareth
Published: January 2019

Introduction

Nursing care takes place within nurse–patient relationships that can be demanding. In exceptional circumstances, the relationship may be destructive, and when this happens, significant onerous demands, appeals, or challenges can arise from patients and be placed upon nurses.

Aim

The aim is to explore what can be termed boundaries of care responsibility when relationships with patients place significant destructive demands on nurses.

Method

Based on a hermeneutical approach, this study introduces aspects of phenomenological philosophy as described by the Danish theologian and philosopher Knud E. Løgstrup and provides examples of nurses’ experiences in everyday nursing practice drawn from a Norwegian empirical study focusing on remaining in everyday nursing practice. Data in that original study consisted of qualitative interviews and qualitative follow-up interviews with 13 nurses working in somatic and psychiatric health service.

Discussion

The exploration of empirical examples demonstrates that nurses consider confronting demands from patients which manifest themselves as onerous and that they have to set limits to safeguard themselves. When the nurses had to manage acting out or actions from patients by opposing what was said and done, they experienced the situation as more than very unpleasant or connected to a perversion. Significant destructive caring relationships cannot be without boundaries, and explicating boundaries are of relevance to protect nurses from onerous demands. Protecting them implies reducing a hazard, that is, that nurses carry on even when this may be unhealthy for them.

Conclusion

Consistently pinpointing boundaries between demands is assumed to be essential in caring relationships, as onerous or destructive demands are strongly connected to a content where boundlessness is involved. To protect both nurses and patients as valued human beings, thus raising and preserving the status of the nurse and the patient, the nature and possible detrimental effects of destructive caring relationships should be considered and examined.
The impact of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on the risk of intracranial haemorrhage: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jensen Melanie P , Ziff Oliver J , Banerjee Gargi , Ambler Gareth , Werring David J
Published: January 2019

Introduction

Observational studies have suggested increased risk of intracranial haemorrhage (ICrH) in patients receiving selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). We sought to clarify the impact of SSRIs on ICrH, accounting for study methodology.

Patients and methods

A comprehensive search of Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library from 1960 to December 2017 identified studies comparing SSRIs with control. The outcomes (first-ever and recurrent ICrH) were meta-analysed using a random effects model.

Results

Twenty-four observational studies and three randomised trials were available for meta-analysis, totalling 4,844,090 patient-years of follow-up. Those receiving SSRIs were more likely to be female ( p = 0.01) and have depression ( p < 0.001). Compared to controls, SSRI users had a significantly increased risk of ICrH (relative risk (RR) 1.26, 95%CI 1.11–1.42). Although SSRI use was associated with increased ICrH risk in those without previous ICrH (RR 1.31, 95%CI 1.15–1.48), this was not the case in those with previous ICrH (RR 0.95, 95%CI 0.83–1.09). Sensitivity analysis according to the bleeding definition reported demonstrated that although ‘haemorrhagic stroke’ was associated with SSRIs (RR 1.40, 95%CI 1.13–1.72), intracerebral haemorrhage was not (RR 1.11, 95%CI 0.86–1.42). Additional sensitivity analyses demonstrated a stronger association between SSRIs and ICrH in studies with a high ( p < 0.001) compared to low risk of bias ( p = 0.09) and with retrospective ( p < 0.001) compared to prospective (p=0.31) study designs.

Discussion

Although SSRIs are associated with an increased risk of ICrH, the association is partly accounted for by important biases and other methodological limitations in the available observational data.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest there is insufficient high-quality data to advise restriction of SSRIs because of concern regarding ICrH risk.
Successful in utero stem cell transplantation in X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency
Authors: Magnani Alessandra , Jouannic Jean-Marie , Rosain Jérémie , Gabrion Aurélie , Touzot Fabien , Roudaut Cécile , Kracker Sven , Mahlaoui Nizar , Toubert Antoine , Clave Emmanuel , Macintyre Elisabeth A. , Radford-Weiss Isabelle , Alcantara Marion , Magrin Elisa , Ternaux Brigitte , Nisoy Jennifer , Caccavelli Laure , Darras Anne-Marie , Picard Capucine , Blanche Stéphane , Cavazzana Marina
Published: January 2019

Key Points

IUT enables rapid immune reconstitution and avoids many clinical and economic problems; however, the indication is still limited. IUT may be a treatment option in select cases, eg, fetuses exposed to a significant infectious risk, where a matched sibling donor exists.
Development and use of biomaterials as wound healing therapies
Authors: Murray Rachael Zoe , West Zoe Elizabeth , Cowin Allison June , Farrugia Brooke Louise
Published: January 2019

There is a vast number of treatments on the market for the management of wounds and burns, representing a multi-billion dollar industry worldwide. These include conventional wound dressings, dressings that incorporate growth factors to stimulate and facilitate the wound healing process, and skin substitutes that incorporate patient-derived cells. This article will review the more established, and the recent advances in the use of biomaterials for wound healing therapies, and their future direction.
Promoting weight loss in people with schizophrenia: what do we still need to learn before implementing lifestyle interventions?
Authors: Coventry Peter , Peckham Emily , Taylor Jo
Published: January 2019

Holt et al show that a lifestyle intervention did not reduce weight in people with schizophrenia. The STEPWISE trial casts a critical focus on the challenges of improving physical health in people with schizophrenia. The trial underpins efforts to maintain momentum in overcoming the unacceptable health inequalities in this population.

Declaration of interest

None.
Performance of a Hospital Pathway for Patients With a New Single Brain Mass
Authors: Arrillaga-Romany Isabel , Curry William T. , Jordan Justin T. , Cahill Daniel P. , Nahed Brian V. , Martuza Robert L. , Loeffler Jay S. , Järhult Susann J. , Muzikansky Alona , Cohen Adam B. , Singhal Aneesh B. , Goldstein Joshua N. , Batchelor Tracy T.
Published: January 2019

WHAT WE FOUND:

Length of stay and time to surgery were significantly reduced after implementation of this admission pathway. Readmission rate was not adversely affected by this change. The protocol also significantly reduced the number of unnecessary body computed tomography imaging studies obtained in this patient population.

CONFOUNDING FACTORS/REAL-LIFE IMPLICATIONS:

The results of this study should be interpreted with their retrospective nature in mind. Further, analysis of this admission pathway did not take into consideration patient perspective or cost implications. Finally, the authors recognize that the resources for such an operational shift may only be found in large, tertiary, referral centers. Optimized specialized care for patients with new single brain masses promotes improved health care outcomes. It may also predictively reduce health care costs and improve patient satisfaction. More research is needed in this field. Limitations to our study included the inherent limitations of a retrospective pre-post design that can make it difficult to separate the effect of a specific intervention from other factors that change over time. In addition, assessment of patient satisfaction, use of diagnostic tests beyond body imaging, and advanced cost analysis could have strengthened this study. Lastly, it should be noted that the applicability of our approach may be limited to major tertiary centers with enough resources to implement such a pathway.
The Role of Dickkopf-1 in Thyroid Hormone–Induced Changes of Bone Remodeling in Male Mice
Authors: Tsourdi Elena , Colditz Juliane , Lademann Franziska , Rijntjes Eddy , Köhrle Josef , Niehrs Christof , Hofbauer Lorenz C , Rauner Martina
Published: January 2019

Thyroid hormones regulate bone homeostasis, and exogenously induced hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism in mice was recently found to be associated with an altered expression of the Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1), a determinant of bone mass. Here, we assessed the role of Dkk1 in thyroid hormone–induced changes in bone using conditional Dkk1 knockout mice. Male mice with a global (Dkk1fl/fl;Rosa26-CreERT2) or osteocyte-specific (Dkk1fl/fl;Dmp1:Cre) deletion of Dkk1 were pharmacologically rendered hypothyroid or hyperthyroid. The bone phenotype was analyzed using micro-CT analysis, dynamic histomorphometry, and serum concentrations of bone turnover markers. Hypothyroid and hyperthyroid Cre-negative mice of either Cre line revealed the expected changes in bone volume with hypothyroid mice displaying a 40% to 60% increase in vertebral trabecular bone volume, while hyperthyroid mice lost 45% to 60% of bone volume. Similar changes were observed at the spine. Interestingly, Cre-positive mice of both lines did not gain or lose as much bone at the femur when rendered hypothyroid or hyperthyroid. While Cre-negative hypothyroid mice gained 80% to 100% bone volume, Cre-positive hypothyroid mice only increased their bone volume by 55% to 90%. Similarly, Cre-negative hyperthyroid mice lost 74% to 79% bone, while Cre-positive hyperthyroid mice merely lost 40% to 54%. Despite these site-specific differences, both global and osteocyte-specific Dkk1 knockout mice displayed similar changes in bone turnover as their Cre-negative controls in the hypothyroid and hyperthyroid states. While osteoblast and osteoclast parameters were increased in hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism potently suppressed bone cell activities. Loss of Dkk1 is not sufficient to fully reverse thyroid hormone–induced changes in bone mass and bone turnover.
Tracking diphyodont development in miniature pig in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Wang Fu , Li Guoqing , Wu Zhifang , Fan Zhipeng , Yang Min , Wu Tingting , Wang Jinsong , Zhang Chunmei , Wang Songlin
Published: January 2019

Abnormalities of tooth number in humans, such as agenesis and supernumerary tooth formation, are closely related to diphyodont development. There is an increasing demand to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms behind diphyodont development through the use large animal models, since they are the most similar to the mechanism of human tooth development. However, attempting to study diphyodont development in large animal remains challenging due to the large tooth size, prolonged growth stage, and embryo manipulation. Here, we characterized the expression of possible genes for diphyodont development and odontogenesis of an organoid bud from single cells of tooth germs in vitro using Wzhishan pig strain (WZSP). Following this, we used a method of ectopic transplantation of tooth germs at cap stage to dynamically track diphyodont development of tooth germs in mouse subrenal capsules to overcome the restrictions in pig embryos. The results showed that pig tooth germ at cap stage could restore diphyodont development and maintain efficient long-term survival and growth in mouse subrenal capsules, which is suitable for future manipulation of large mammalian tooth development. Our pilot study provided an alternative for studying diphyodont development in large mammals, which will further promote the use of pig as a diphyodont model similar to humans for craniofacial development study.
Repetitive switching between DNA binding modes enables target finding by the glucocorticoid receptor
Authors: Keizer Veer I. P. , Coppola Stefano , Houtsmuller Adriaan B. , Geverts Bart , van Royen Martin E. , Schmidt Thomas , Schaaf Marcel J. M.
Published: January 2019

Transcription factor mobility is a determining factor in the regulation of gene expression. Here, we have studied the intranuclear dynamics of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and single-molecule microscopy. First we have described the dynamic states in which the GR occurs. Subsequently we have analyzed the transitions between these states using a continuous time Markov chain model, and functionally investigated these states by making specific mutations in the DNA-binding domain. This analysis revealed that the GR diffuses freely through the nucleus, and once it leaves this free diffusion state it most often enters a repetitive switching mode. In this mode it alternates between slow diffusion as a result of brief nonspecific DNA binding events, and a state of stable binding to specific DNA target sites. This repetitive switching mechanism results in a compact searching strategy which facilitates finding DNA target sites by the GR.
Neue Studiendaten zur Therapie der tumorassoziierten venösen Thromboembolie mit DOAKs
Authors: Voigtlaender M. , Yamamura J. , Langer F.
Published: January 2019

Die venöse Thromboembolie (VTE) ist eine häufige Komplikation bei Patienten mit maligner Grunderkrankung. Basierend auf einer verbesserten Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit gegenüber Vitamin K-Antagonisten (VKA) empfehlen aktuelle Leitlinien eine 3- bis 6-monatige Antikoagulation mit niedermolekularem Heparin (NMH) als Standardtherapie der tumorassoziierten VTE. Versorgungsdaten zeigen jedoch eine geringe Leitlinienadhärenz im klinischen Behandlungsalltag, was am ehesten auf die täglichen subkutanen Injektionen und die relativ hohen Therapiekosten zurückzuführen ist. Aufgrund ihres Einnahmemodus und ihrer im Vergleich zu VKA günstigen Pharmakokinetik stellen die direkten oralen Antikoagulantien (DOAKs) zwar eine vielversprechende Alternative dar; die Subgruppen der in die großen Zulassungsstudien eingeschlossenen Krebspatienten waren aber aufgrund ihrer Größe und Tumorcharakteristika nicht geeignet, die bisherigen Studiendaten in den klinischen Alltag zu übertragen. Mit HOKUSAI VTE Cancer (Edoxaban) und SELECT-D (Rivaroxaban) stehen nun die Ergebnisse von zwei prospektiven, randomisierten Studien zur Verfügung, die die Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit von DOAKs im Vergleich zu NMH bei Patienten mit tumorassoziierter VTE untersucht haben. In beiden Studien war die DOAK-Einnahme mit weniger VTE-Rezidiven, jedoch mit einer höheren Rate an (gastrointestinalen und urothelialen) Blutungen assoziiert. Somit wird die zukünftige Therapie der tumorassoziierten VTE unter Berücksichtigung von Patientenpräferenz und Tumorcharakteristika ein hohes Maß an Selektion und Individualisierung erfordern.
Evolution of the perception of marketing. Marketing strategy design
Authors: Грушенко Валерий , Grushyenko Valyeriy
Published: January 2019

The material presented in the publication is the result of many years of research and practical consulting and teaching activities in the field of design and application of modern principles and methods of marketing, in particular, strategic plans and strategies. The manual analyzes the evolution of concepts and the role of marketing in the management of the company. Special attention is paid to the two concepts of marketing proposed by the author: the concept of orientation
business and service marketing on the product as the main source of income and the concept of business and marketing in customer orientation, performing the role of the main source of income of the firm. The book reveals the methods, models and methods of designing marketing strategies and marketing plan, taking into account the selected business orientation, acquired in practical consulting activities.
The manual can be recommended to students in the study of General theoretical management disciplines "Fundamentals of management", "Marketing", as well as undergraduates and specialists in the field of management in the study of applied courses on the design of General corporate and marketing strategies.
Wspomnienie o Profesor Zofii Kurzowej (w piętnastą rocznicę śmierci)
Authors: Kubiszyn-Mędrala Zofia , Szpiczakowska Monika
Published: January 2019

Remembering Prof. Zofia Kurzowa (on the Fifteenth Anniversary of Her Death)On the fifteenth anniversary of her death in 2018, this paper presents the academic profile of Prof. Zofia Kurzowa. The authors focus on her most important scholarly achievements, including monographies and papers on eastern dialects of Polish, on word formation, team works conducted under her leadership on the language of Polish TV, and also lexicographic works. Moreover, we highlight Z. Kurzowa’s didactic achievements as a university teacher and scientific supervisor, and her outstanding personality which manifested in her relations with her students, friends, and colleagues.
Benchmarking Electro-Energetic Performance of Industrial Systems by using Novel Concept of Benchmarking Energy Factor (BEF)
Authors: Zeller Markus , Contasti Laura , Pitis Constantin , Henriques Derek
Published: January 2019

The electro-energetic efficiencies of Industrial Systems and Processes (IS&P) are currently monitored by using different types of Energy Performance Indicators (EnPI). The EnPI represents a ratio between energy spent [kWh] per unit of product, area, volume, or other quantity directly related to production. The EnPI values are supposed to be collected in a centralized data system enabling benchmarking activity at national level. One of the major barriers for this process is related to the ethical and legal issues impeding disclosure of proprietary information. On the other hand, the tedious normalization process due mainly to volatile and un-reliable reference value is another major barrier for benchmarking process. As a result the accuracy of benchmarking IS&P represents always a challenge for governments and for corporations implementing ISO 50001.
The use of unitless indicator i.e. Benchmark Energy Factor (BEF) overcomes the current barriers.
The paper proposes a new concept of using Mathematical Model Benchmarking (MMB) and Benchmarking Energy Factor (BEF). The concept enables a new approach towards energy efficiency in industrial and commercial sector and help level the playing field for energy management. The use of Basics of engineering and the laws of physics indicate that only wasted energy, namely Energy at Risk (E@R) values can be controlled. The waste energy (E@R) variation is embedded in unitless Benchmarking Energy Factor (BEF). Proposed method makes possible to determine accurately the (E@R) under variable material and environmental conditions making possible to manage the energy losses and eliminating the tedious process of normalization. The benchmark rating is then solely based on how close the true energy consumption within an industrial process gets to the ideal state. Once E@R is known, it will be logical proceeding with benchmarking plants, industrial systems and commercial buildings assessing their capability of managing Energy at Risk by focusing on in-situ testing.
The paper presents the basics of MMB and basic use of BEF applied to standards accompanied by the case studies inspired from real life (industrial refrigeration and mining industries). The MMB concept can be used by any IS&P owner enabling easy implementation of ISO 50001.
The unitless BEF indicator enables a reliable and credible rating system model describing electro-energetic efficiency of any IS&P and can be used by Utilities (for their DSM programs), Natural Resources Canada (NRCAN) or U.S. Department of Energy - Energy-Star Certification for Plants Program as an alternative to the existent benchmarking practice. Canadian Standard Association, Canadian Utilities and NRCAN is currently preparing Guideline Standards of benchmarking industrial and commercial systems and processes by using the novel BEF concept.
Poverty propaganda
Authors: Shildrick Tracy
Published: January 2019

This chapter begins with a brief account of what is meant by poverty propaganda. It then goes on to detail contemporary examples of poverty propaganda, illustrating how it works to generate myths and untruths about poverty and its causes and consequences. It also introduces some of the evidence that challenges poverty propaganda. It argues that poverty as a condition and a concept has been lost behind a generic barrage of rhetoric around ‘welfare dependency’, undeservingness, and any number of other social problems and issues. Although the power of these ideas can be immensely seductive, as a collective their power is increased as they work to cloud and crowd out the realities both of poverty as a condition and of what causes it.
Troublemakers
Authors: Crossley Stephen
Published: January 2019

The launch of the Troubled Families Programme in the wake of the 2011 riots conflated poor and disadvantaged families with anti-social and criminal families. The programme aimed to ‘turn around’ the lives of the country's most ‘troubled families’, at a time of austerity and wide-ranging welfare reforms which hit the poorest families hardest. This detailed, authoritative and critical account reveals the inconsistencies and contradictions within the programme, and issues of deceit and malpractice in its operation. It shows how this core government policy has stigmatised the families it claimed to support. Paving the way for a government to fulfil its responsibility to families, rather than condemning them, this book will empower local authority workers, policymakers and researchers, and anyone interested in social justice, to challenge damaging, aggressive neoliberal statecraft.
Borders, Mobility and Belonging in the Era of Brexit and Trump
Authors: Gilmartin Mary , Wood Patricia , O'Callaghan Cian
Published: January 2019

Questions of migration and citizenship are at the heart of global political debate with Brexit and the election of Donald Trump having ripple effects around the world. Providing new insights into the politics of migration and citizenship in the United Kingdom and the United States, this book challenges the increasingly prevalent view of migration and migrants as threats and of formal citizenship as a necessary marker of belonging. Instead the book offers an analysis of migration and citizenship in practice, as a counterpoint to simplistic discourses. It uses cutting-edge academic work on migration and citizenship to address three themes central to current debates: borders and walls, mobility and travel, and belonging. Through this analysis, a clearer picture of the roots of these politics emerges as well as of the consequences for mobility, political participation and belonging in the 21st century.
Comedy and Critique
Authors: Smith Daniel R.
Published: January 2019

Comedy & Critique is a sociological inquiry which seeks to engage with the art-world of the stand-up comedian as well as providing an interpretation of comedic works. It demonstrates a correspondence between what is happening within stand-up comedy and what is going on in the society from which the comic material arises. The book demonstrates that stand-up comedians are engaged in a proto-sociological enterprise, a method of ‘doing’ sociology. Comedian’s material may be viewed as a comedic acting out of forms of sociological knowledge, an act which is self-driven and intra-personal. Stand-up comedians came to their proto-sociology as stand-up in Britain moved from the fringes of entertainment in working man’s clubs to Fringe theatre. Through this transition stand-up became a space where a ‘New Left’ politics of anti-racism, feminism and a queering of self and society was both lived and artfully positioned. By exploring the ‘art of stand-up’, as a modernist art-form and professionalised industry, the book argues that stand-up is the art of building and improvising social relations.
De árboles y personas. ¿Qué funciona en el desarrollo, trabajo y medio ambiente en la Amazonia brasileña?
Authors: De Souza Ferreira Filho Joaquim Bento , Poschen Peter
Published: January 2019

El presente artículo contribuye a la controversia sobre los modelos de desarrollo en la región Amazónica, aprovechando los descubrimientos de los modelos macroeconómicos de alta resolución. Una Matriz de Contabilidad Social para el bosque amazónico y un Modelo Computable de Equilibrio General revelan nuevos hechos y perspectivas para la formulación de políticas. Muchas más personas de lo que se pensaba se ganan la vida en base a los bosques de la Amazonia. Más de 525.000 trabajadores (de trabajo a tiempo completo) encontraron empleo directo en la cosecha y la fabricación de productos forestales en 2005 y 115.000 en la pesca de río. Los cultivos agrícolas y la cría de ganado tienen mayor tasa de empleo en la Amazonia que los bosques, pero los tres sectores ofrecen ingresos muy bajos. Estas actividades tampoco son mejores que la forestal para estimular el crecimiento económico. Un ejemplo de esto es que el coste de una política de deforestación cero para alcanzar las metas brasileñas de cambio climático provocaría pérdidas de solo el 0.62% del PIB nacional acumulado en 2030. Estas pérdidas, no obstante, recaerían en la frontera agrícola, en los trabajadores de baja calificación y en las familias pobres. Esto requiere medidas para lograr una transición justa tal como la estipulada en el Acuerdo del Clima de París, que fue promovido por la OIT. Las políticas deberían estimular el desarrollo económico local, aprovechando el alto potencial del uso sostenible de bosques y de la pesca de río para agregar valor a lo local. El aumento de la productividad del uso del suelo y del trabajo, además de la transformación de las respectivas cadenas de valor, serán fundamentales para mejorar la renta y lograr que el potencial de la región prospere como una economía verde.
Represas hidroeléctricas en la Amazonia brasileña: impactos ambientales y sociales
Authors: Martin Fearnside Philip
Published: January 2019

Las represas amazónicas de Brasil tienen importantes impactos sociales y ambientales que sistemáticamente se subestiman en los estudios de impacto ambiental (EIA) presentados para la concesión de licencias. Los impactos incluyen el desplazamiento de la población, la pérdida de pesquerías, la metilación del mercurio y las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero. Se ha ignorado al personal técnico del Instituto Brasileño de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales Renovables (IBAMA), responsable de la concesión de licencias, para aprobar una serie de presas a pesar de los grandes impactos, la falta de consulta con los pueblos indígenas y las EIA inadecuadas. Hay proyectos de ley y enmiendas constitucionales que amenazan con destruir o abolir por completo el sistema de licencias. El uso de “suspensiones de seguridad” ha neutralizado en gran medida al sistema judicial en sus esfuerzos por hacer cumplir las reglamentaciones que requieren consultar a los pueblos indígenas u obligan al cumplimiento de los requisitos de licencia ambiental. La gravedad de la situación es evidente, entenderlo es el primer paso para cambiar los sistemas de toma de decisión y de concesión de licencias que conducen a los impactos ilustrados por la historia reciente en la Amazonia. Brasil tiene amplias opciones energéticas con menos impacto socio-ambiental que las represas que hoy reciben prioridad.
Revisitando la obra del Padre João Daniel. Redescubriendo el Tesoro
Authors: Fonseca De Almeida-Val Vera Maria
Published: January 2019

Daniel, J. (2004). Tesouro descoberto no máximo Rio Amazonas (Vol. I e II; 1722-1776). Rio de Janeiro: Editora Contraponto.Esta reseña revisita la obra Tesouro Descoberto no máximo Rio Amazonas (volúmes I y II). Más de diez años después de haber leído la obra y redactado dos reseñas, una en el año de su publicación por la editorial Contraponto, por encargo de la SBPC, y otra, en 2005, por invitación de la revista Ambiente & Sociedade, editada por la Unicamp, esta tercera reseña trae una lectura distinta en relación a las dos anteriores. En las dos primeras tratamos de la biodiversidad y el ambiente, tesoros que el Padre João Daniel describió, brindándonos una narrativa detallada y precisa que parece actual al lector de hoy, a pesar de haber sido escrita en el siglo XVIII (1757-1776). En esta reseña recordamos algunos puntos y resaltamos dos partes del texto donde el autor describe los peces anfíbios y la diversidad acuática animal que respira oxígeno. Después de esta revisión, presentamos una parte no abordada en las reseñas anteriores, en la que el Padre João Daniel describe a los índios (naturales, como les llama) y sus características físicas y organización social. Igualmente, la relación del hombre europeo (españoles y portugueses) con el índio. Impresiona la fuerte correlación entre las relaciones jerárquicas y sociales que hubo en la época de la colonización y que todavía persisten en el presente. Vale la pena sentir el cariño que el autor tiene en cuanto vive como un jesuíta en la Amazonia y como podría haber sido, hoy en día, un gran historiador, filósofo y biólogo.
Avances y retrocesos de la sostenibilidad en la Amazonia: un análisis de la gobernanza socioambiental en la Amazonia
Authors: Ribeiro Capobianco João Paulo
Published: January 2019

El presente artículo discute la hipótesis de que las intervenciones del Gobierno Federal en la Amazonia son determinantes para su gobernanza socioambiental, siendo la fluctuación de los precios de las commodities, cambios de divisas y demás factores socioeconómicos y de mercado importantes, aunque de impacto secundario en la variación de las tasas de degradación cuando hay una acción proactiva del Estado. Por tanto, se analiza la actuación del Gobierno Federal en la región entre las décadas de 1950 y 2010, identificando, a lo largo de este período, cuatro ciclos de políticas públicas bien definidos. El primero, que comprende las décadas entre 1950 y 1970, se caracteriza por la intensa y coordinada intervención estatal en los procesos de promoción de la ocupación e integración forzada de la Amazonia al resto del país. El segundo, de mediados de la década de 1980 a inicios de los años 2000, fuertemente influenciado por la naciente movilización internacional en defensa del medio ambiente, caracterizado por el reflujo de la actuación orientada a la integración regional por parte del Gobierno, con protagonismo limitado de los recién creados y frágiles órganos ambientales. El tercero, de 2003 a 2009, se define por la recuperación del protagonismo del Gobierno Federal, con una fuerte actuación integrada para el combate de la degradación socioambiental. El cuarto y último, de inicios de la década de 2010 hasta hoy en día, se caracteriza por la reducción del protagonismo y el abandono de la pauta socioambiental por parte del gobierno.
Hepatitis C Virus: No Longer a Barrier to Oncology Care
Authors: Laique Sobia N. , Vargas Hugo E.
Published: January 2019

Historically, hepatitis C virus infection has posed a barrier to cancer therapies and enrollment in clinical trials for oncology patients. Oral direct acting antivirals now allow most patients, previously considered difficult to treat to be effectively (>95% sustained virologic response) and safely cured.
Investigation of Pulse Glow Discharge Excitation Modes in N2 in a Hollow Cylindrical Combined Cathode
Authors: Bordusau S. , Madveika S. , Bozhko A. , Tsikhan O.
Published: January 2019

Electric discharge excitation modes and N2 pressure range for a stable formation and maintaining of pulse glow discharge plasma in a hollow combined cathode have been investigated. It has been found that both of these parameters are influenced by the constructive peculiarities of the cathode. It has been established experimentally that the value of N2 breakdown voltage for the studied construction of the cathode within the range of 50-250 Pa does not exceed -700 V.
Avaliação da eficiência dos implantes dentários utilizados na reabilitação bucal de indivíduos com fissura labiopalatina
Authors: Romanowski Mauricio , Biron Cassia , Lima Antonio Adilson Soares de , Carlini João Luiz
Published: January 2019

Introdução: a fissura envolvendo o lábio, o alvéolo e o palato é uma das malformações mais frequentes nos seres humanos. A ausência de dentes na fissura é comum e pode ser reabilitada por meio de implantes e próteses. Objetivo: o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o sucesso da reabilitação bucal de fissurados por meio de implantes na área enxertada. Métodos: foi feita uma análise retrospectiva de 120 implantes instalados sobre enxertos em áreas fissuradas de 93 pacientes, com média de idade de 24,7 anos (48% mulheres e 52% homens). Resultado: do total dos implantes instalados, 94% foram considerados osseointegrados. De acordo com a escala qualitativa, houve 50% de sucesso (60 implantes), 28% de sobrevida satisfatória (34 implantes), 7,5% de sobrevida comprometida (9 implantes) e 14% de fracasso (17 implantes). Ao se comparar a osseointegração dos implantes com o seu comprimento, os implantes mais longos (10 mm) foram cinco vezes mais viáveis do que os implantes mais curtos (< 10 mm) (RR = 5,0; IC 95% 1,014 -24,649; p = 0,028). A comparação entre a qualidade dos implantes e a idade de realização da enxertia óssea secundária mostrou que os implantes instalados em áreas enxertadas na idade ideal, entre 7 e 11 anos, apresentaram melhor qualidade do que os instalados em áreas enxertadas após essa idade (p=0,001). Conclusões: os implantes são viáveis na reabilitação, devendo-se optar pelos com o maior comprimento possível. A qualidade dos implantes é aumentada quando o enxerto secundário é realizado entre os 7 e 11 anos de idade.
Resinas Compostas nos últimos 10 anos - Revisão da Literatura. Parte 1: Composição Química
Authors: Soares Paulo Vinicius , Peres Thiago Silva , Wobido Amanda Ribeiro , Machado Alexandre Coelho
Published: January 2019

Introdução: esta revisão é a primeira parte de uma sequência de seis artigos sobre as mudanças que impactaram as resinas compostas na última década (Composição, Propriedades, Fotoativação, Sensibilidade Pós-Operatória, Alteração de Cor e Longevidade). As resinas compostas passaram por uma evolução em sua composição que possibilitou uma melhora nas suas capacidades físico-químicas e, como resultado, aumentando também a sua aplicação clínica na Odontologia. Objetivos: essa revisão teve como objetivo realizar uma busca na literatura sobre os principais componentes encontrados nas resinas compostas e suas influências clínicas no processo restaurador. Métodos: uma busca utilizando diversos termos sobre o assunto foi realizada na plataforma PubMed e, após a leitura do título e resumo, foram selecionados 50 artigos, que foram lidos na íntegra, sendo 30 desses utilizados nessa revisão. Também foi realizada busca nas referências dos artigos selecionados. O perfil técnico do fabricante foi realizado para 23 resinas compostas diferentes. Resultados: analisando os resultados obtidos, pode-se observar que a maioria das resinas compostas é constituída de monômeros diacrilatos (Bis-GMA, UDMA, TEGDMA), partículas à base de zircônia, sílica e bário, e canforoquinona como fotoiniciador. Conclusão: as melhorias envolvendo componentes como matriz orgânica, matriz inorgânica, agente de união, fotoiniciador e inibidores proporcionaram uma melhora na qualidade estética das resinas compostas, o que levou à sua popularização. A composição das resinas é variável e interfere diretamente nas suas propriedades mecânicas e físicas, influenciando também na qualidade e sucesso clínico do tratamento restaurador. Assim, é importante que essas informações sejam claras e disponibilizadas pelos fabricantes para que haja a correta aplicação do material em cada situação clínica.
Resinas Compostas nos últimos 10 anos - Revisão da Literatura. Parte 2: Propriedades Mecânicas
Authors: Soares Paulo Vinicius , Allig Gabriela Resende , Wobido Amanda Ribeiro , Machado Alexandre Coelho
Published: January 2019

Introdução: este é o segundo de seis artigos que abordarão uma análise geral da literatura sobre resinas compostas nos últimos 10 anos. As propriedades mecânicas dos compósitos resinosos demonstram o comportamento desses frente a situações cotidianas como a mastigação. Portanto, essa revisão compromete-se a avaliar a dureza e o módulo de elasticidade desses materiais e relacioná-los com o sucesso e a longevidade das restaurações. Métodos: os 25 artigos selecionados para essa revisão de literatura foram pesquisados na plataforma PubMed e nas referências dos próprios artigos selecionados, os quais fizeram parte de uma busca inicial de 60 artigos que continham informações sobre os valores do módulo de elasticidade e/ou a dureza de resinas comerciais. Resultados: a resina que apresentou os maiores valores para ambas as propriedades foi a Grandio (Voco GmbH). Houve variação considerável nos valores de módulo de elasticidade encontrados para as diversas resinas. As resinas mais citadas foram Filtek Supreme XT (3M/ESPE), com variação de 5,76 a 18,54 GPa, e a Grandio (Voco GmbH), que variou entre 8,4 e 23,5 GPa. Conclusões: o módulo de elasticidade e a dureza são valores relacionados com a resistência à fratura ou desgaste e a estabilidade em longo prazo das resinas compostas. Utilizar materiais que possuem valores adequados de ambas as propriedades auxilia na qualidade final do tratamento realizado. Assim, o cirurgião-dentista deve ter informações tanto sobre a composição da resina que utiliza quanto das suas propriedades mecânicas, já que a resina composta é um material muito utilizado clinicamente e esse assunto está diretamente relacionado com a longevidade, sucesso e qualidade da restauração.
Influência dos diferentes métodos de foto-ativação na longevidade de restaurações, com resina composta, em lesões cervicais não cariosas: revisão de literatura
Authors: Szesz Anna Luiza , Borges Gilberto Antonio , Borges Luis Henrique , Miranzi Benito André Silveira , Lima Paula Moreno , Ayres Ana Paula Almeida , Calabrez Filho Saturnino , Ferro Ana Cristina Pires
Published: January 2019

Lesões cervicais não cariosas (LCNC) estão entre as situações mais frequentes que afetam as estruturas dentais, e embora a restauração com resinas compostas não trate diretamente a etiologia dessa condição, ela substitui o tecido dental perdido e recupera a integridade estrutural dos dentes. O tratamento restaurador contribui também na redução do desgaste dental e da hipersensibilidade dentinária, quando presente, além de melhorar a estética. Apesar dos benefícios brevemente apresentados, a longevidade das restaurações em LCNC ainda é um problema nos dias atuais devido a problemas relacionados à retenção do material nas cavidades. Esse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar se diferentes métodos de fotoativação interferem na longevidade dessas restaurações. Portanto, foram coletadas informações de artigos científicos, trabalhos de conclusão de curso e dissertações de mestrado em bases de dados online, além de capítulos de livros relacionados ao tema da pesquisa. Foi então realizada uma discussão das diferentes técnicas de fotoativação e intensidades de luz, comparando-se os efeitos positivos e negativos em relação à microinfiltração e à adaptação marginal, assim como vantagens e desvantagens a fim de promover resultados satisfatórios a longo prazo das restaurações em LCNC.
Altered Intrahepatic Hematopoiesis in Neonates from Women with Pregnancy Induced Hypertension/Pre-Eclampsia
Authors: Tamiolakis Demetrio , Venizelos Ioannis , Lambropoulou Maria , Efthymiadou Anna , Arvanitidou Vasiliki , Tsikouras Panagiotis , Koutsougeras Gerasimos , Chimonis George , Karamanidis Demetrio , Barbagadaki Sophia , Nikolaidou Sylva , Seliniotaki Evagelia , Boglou Panagiotis , Papadopoulos Nikolas
Published: January 2019

Aim: To detect whether preeclampsia influences neonatal intrahepatic hematopoiesis, given that an activation of fetal neutrophils and monocytes during the course of this disorder occurs. Experimental design: We examined liver samples from 10 neonates of hypertensive/preeclamptic women at 27 to 28 weeks of gestation delivered by a cessarian section. All neonates were placed in incubators but they all died within 24 hours due to immaturity. The control group comprised 10 fetuses of the same gestational age, after voluntary abortion due to a neural defect. Specific antibodies against CD34, glycophorin C, hemoglobins A and F, myeloperoxidase, CD61, CD68, terminal desoxynucleotidyl transferase and the pax-5/B-cell specific activator protein, were used in each sample. Results: Neonates from hypertensive/preeclamptic women, in comparison with controls, showed: a statistically significant reduction of erythropoiesis by 25% (p=0.015); a statistically significant increase of granulopoiesis (p=0.019); a statistically significant increase in the expression of CD68 positive cells of the monocytic lineage (p=0.017); a statistically significant increase in the expression of CD34 progenitor/stem positive cells (p=0.021). No statistically significant differences were observed in both examined groups, concerning megakaryopoiesis and B lymphopoiesis. Conclusions: Preeclampsia of pregnancy has an impact on neonatal intrahepatic hematopoiesis by increasing granulopoiesis, reducing erythropoiesis and triggering endothelial and stem cell activation. We suggest that these findings reflect a state of persistent inflammation and a loss of red blood cell production possibly contributing to the neonatal morbidity related to this disorder.
Karl Rokitansky: His Bohemian Years and His Relationship with Jan Evangelista Purkyně
Authors: Šteiner Ivo
Published: January 2019

Karl Rokitansky was born on 19th February 1804 in the historic Czech town of Hradec Králové (Königgrätz). During 1821–1824 he studied for 3 years at the medical faculty of Prague University. In the archives of Charles University there is a record of Rokitansky’s performance during these three years. At the university he met J. E. Purkyně who was teaching anatomy at that time. Relationship between the two world – renowned medical scientists of Czech origin is discussed.
Creativity in language learning and teaching: Translingual practices and transcultural identities
Authors: Jones Rodney H.
Published: January 2019

This introduction explores the four main themes of the papers in this special issue: 1) ‘language, languaging and translanguaging’ 2) ‘mobility and space’ 3) ‘transcultural identities’ and 4) ‘institutional and individual constraints on creativity’, and discusses how engagement with these themes helps the authors to move beyond traditional notions of linguistic creativity and creative pedagogy to formulate new ways of imagining creativity in language learning based on encouraging learners to make use of the full range of their semiotic resources and social experiences when communicating.
Challenging diagnosis of thyroid hormone resistance initially as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Authors: Ch’ng Tong Wooi , Chin Vivian L.
Published: January 2019

Background

Resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) commonly presents with goiter, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), short stature and tachycardia. However, due to its variable presentation with subtle clinical features, a third of the cases are mistreated, typically as hyperthyroidism.

Case presentation

A 15-year-old female with ADHD and oligomenorrhea was initially diagnosed as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis but found to have a rare heterozygous mutation in c803 C>G (p Ala 268 Gly) in the THRβ gene, confirming resistance to thyroid hormone.

Conclusions

Fluctuating thyroid function tests in addition to thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO Ab) positivity complicated the diagnosis of RTH, initially diagnosed as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. A high index of suspicion is needed to prevent misdiagnosis and mistreatment.
Tunable all-dielectric metasurface for phase modulation of the reflected and transmitted light via permittivity tuning of indium tin oxide
Authors: Forouzmand Ali , Salary Mohammad Mahdi , Kafaie Shirmanesh Ghazaleh , Sokhoyan Ruzan , Atwater Harry A. , Mosallaei Hossein
Published: January 2019

We propose an electrically tunable metasurface, which can achieve relatively large phase modulation in both reflection and transmission modes (dual-mode operation). By integration of an ultrathin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO) as an electro-optically tunable material into a semiconductor-insulator-semiconductor (SIS) unit cell, we report an approach for active tuning of all-dielectric metasurfaces. The proposed controllable dual-mode metasurface includes an array of silicon (Si) nanodisks connected together via Si nanobars. These are placed on top of alumina and ITO layers, followed by a Si slab and a silica substrate. The required optical resonances are separately excited by Si nanobars in reflection and Si nanodisks in transmission, enabling highly confined electromagnetic fields at the ITO-alumina interface. Modulation of charge carrier concentration and refractive index in the ITO accumulation layer by varying the applied bias voltage leads to 240° of phase agility at an operating wavelength of 1696 nm for the reflected transverse electric (TE)-polarized beam and 270° of phase shift at 1563 nm for the transmitted transverse magnetic (TM)-polarized light. Independent and isolated control of the reflection and transmission modes enables distinctly different functions to be achieved for each operation mode. A rigorous coupled electrical and optical model is employed to characterize the carrier distributions in ITO and Si under applied bias and to accurately assess the voltage-dependent effects of inhomogeneous carrier profiles on the optical behavior of a unit cell.
The construction of relational frame model in Chinese President Xi Jinping’s foreign visit speeches
Authors: Cheng Le , Chen Cheng
Published: January 2019

This study analyzes the relational frames constructed in Chinese President Xi Jinping’s foreign visit speeches at three levels – the metaphorical surface frame; the non-metaphorical surface frame; and the deep frame – with the help of corpus-based mechanisms, e.g. semantic annotation and classification, semantic network retrieval, etc. In analyzing 11 foreign visit speeches between 2012 and 2017 (amounting to 20,213 words), the study reports three major findings. First, the metaphorical relational surface frames were constructed by intimate interpersonal concepts, war concepts and physical concepts, which are commonly shared by human beings. Second, the non-metaphorical relational surface frames were constructed by highlighting audiences’ beneficiary positions. Third, the deep frames were constructed by underscoring common benefits, cultural communication, people to people communication and the concerns about war and peace. The relational frames identified are compared with the cognition of the international audiences and it shows that the two conform significantly, which improves the acceptability of the speeches. Three strategies can be summarized for diplomatic speech design. First, the presentations based on universally shared experiences and knowledge can minimize perceptive difficulties in audiences. Second, presentations highlighting the audiences’ benefits are more easily accepted. Third, the cognition conceived in the presentations should conform to the audiences’ needs and preferences. The general communication features of Xi’s foreign visit speeches illustrated in the present study may offer a discourse model for diplomatic speeches.