bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liver type 1 innate lymphoid cells lacking IL-7 receptor are a native killer cell subset fostered by parenchymal niches
Authors: Asahi Takuma , Abe Shinya , Cui Guangwei , Shimba Akihiro , Nabekura Tsukasa , Miyachi Hitoshi , Kitano Satsuki , Ohira Keizo , Dijkstra Johannes M , Miyazaki Masaki , Shibuya Akira , Ohno Hiroshi , Ikuta Koichi
Published: June 2023

Group 1 innate lymphoid cells (G1-ILCs), including circulating natural killer (NK) cells and tissue-resident type 1 ILCs (ILC1s), are innate immune sentinels critical for responses against infection and cancer. In contrast to relatively uniform NK cells through the body, diverse ILC1 subsets have been characterized across and within tissues in mice, but their developmental and functional heterogeneity remain unsolved. Here, using multimodal in vivo approaches including fate-mapping and targeting of the interleukin 15 (IL-15)-producing microenvironment, we demonstrate that liver parenchymal niches support the development of a cytotoxic ILC1 subset lacking IL-7 receptor (7 R− ILC1s). During ontogeny, fetal liver (FL) G1-ILCs arise perivascularly and then differentiate into 7 R− ILC1s within sinusoids. Hepatocyte-derived IL-15 supports parenchymal development of FL G1-ILCs to maintain adult pool of 7 R− ILC1s. IL-7R+ (7R+) ILC1s in the liver, candidate precursors for 7 R− ILC1s, are not essential for 7 R− ILC1 development in physiological conditions. Functionally, 7 R− ILC1s exhibit killing activity at steady state through granzyme B expression, which is underpinned by constitutive mTOR activity, unlike NK cells with exogenous stimulation-dependent cytotoxicity. Our study reveals the unique ontogeny and functions of liver-specific ILC1s, providing a detailed interpretation of ILC1 heterogeneity.
Targeted memory reactivation in human REM sleep elicits detectable reactivation
Authors: Abdellahi Mahmoud EA , Koopman Anne CM , Treder Matthias S , Lewis Penelope A
Published: June 2023

It is now well established that memories can reactivate during non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep, but the question of whether equivalent reactivation can be detected in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is hotly debated. To examine this, we used a technique called targeted memory reactivation (TMR) in which sounds are paired with learned material in wake, and then re-presented in subsequent sleep, in this case REM, to trigger reactivation. We then used machine learning classifiers to identify reactivation of task-related motor imagery from wake in REM sleep. Interestingly, the strength of measured reactivation positively predicted overnight performance improvement. These findings provide the first evidence for memory reactivation in human REM sleep after TMR that is directly related to brain activity during wakeful task performance.
Mechanistic insights into robust cardiac IKs potassium channel activation by aromatic polyunsaturated fatty acid analogues
Authors: Bohannon Briana M , Jowais Jessica J , Nyberg Leif , Olivier-Meo Vanessa , Corradi Valentina , Tieleman D Peter , Liin Sara I , Larsson H Peter
Published: June 2023

Voltage-gated potassium (KV) channels are important regulators of cellular excitability and control action potential repolarization in the heart and brain. KV channel mutations lead to disordered cellular excitability. Loss-of-function mutations, for example, result in membrane hyperexcitability, a characteristic of epilepsy and cardiac arrhythmias. Interventions intended to restore KV channel function have strong therapeutic potential in such disorders. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and PUFA analogues comprise a class of KV channel activators with potential applications in the treatment of arrhythmogenic disorders such as long QT syndrome (LQTS). LQTS is caused by a loss-of-function of the cardiac IKs channel – a tetrameric potassium channel complex formed by KV7.1 and associated KCNE1 protein subunits. We have discovered a set of aromatic PUFA analogues that produce robust activation of the cardiac IKs channel, and a unique feature of these PUFA analogues is an aromatic, tyrosine head group. We determine the mechanisms through which tyrosine PUFA analogues exert strong activating effects on the IKs channel by generating modified aromatic head groups designed to probe cation–pi interactions, hydrogen bonding, and ionic interactions. We found that tyrosine PUFA analogues do not activate the IKs channel through cation–pi interactions, but instead do so through a combination of hydrogen bonding and ionic interactions.
Long-read single-cell sequencing reveals expressions of hypermutation clusters of isoforms in human liver cancer cells
Authors: Liu Silvia , Yu Yan-Ping , Ren Bao-Guo , Ben-Yehezkel Tuval , Obert Caroline , Smith Mat , Wang Wenjia , Ostrowska Alina , Soto-Gutierrez Alejandro , Luo Jian-Hua
Published: June 2023

The protein diversity of mammalian cells is determined by arrays of isoforms from genes. Genetic mutation is essential in species evolution and cancer development. Accurate long-read transcriptome sequencing at single-cell level is required to decipher the spectrum of protein expressions in mammalian organisms. In this report, we developed a synthetic long-read single-cell sequencing technology based on LOOPSeq technique. We applied this technology to analyze 447 transcriptomes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and benign liver from an individual. Through Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection analysis, we identified a panel of mutation mRNA isoforms highly specific to HCC cells. The evolution pathways that led to the hyper-mutation clusters in single human leukocyte antigen molecules were identified. Novel fusion transcripts were detected. The combination of gene expressions, fusion gene transcripts, and mutation gene expressions significantly improved the classification of liver cancer cells versus benign hepatocytes. In conclusion, LOOPSeq single-cell technology may hold promise to provide a new level of precision analysis on the mammalian transcriptome.
Rubella virus tropism and single cell responses in human primary tissue and microglia-containing organoids
Authors: Popova Galina , Retallack Hanna , Kim Chang N. , Wang Albert , Shin David , DeRisi Joseph , Nowakowski Tomasz J.
Published: June 2023

Rubella virus is an important human pathogen that can cause neurologic deficits in a developing fetus when contracted during pregnancy. Despite successful vaccination programs in the Americas and many developed countries, rubella remains endemic in many regions worldwide and outbreaks occur wherever population immunity is insufficient. Intense interest since rubella virus was first isolated in 1962 has advanced our understanding of clinical outcomes after infection disrupts key processes of fetal neurodevelopment. Yet it is still largely unknown which cell types in the developing brain are targeted. We show that in human brain slices, rubella virus predominantly infects microglia. This infection occurs in a heterogeneous population but not in a highly microglia-enriched monoculture in the absence of other cell types. By using an organoid-microglia model, we further demonstrate that rubella virus infection leads to a profound interferon response in non-microglial cells, including neurons and neural progenitor cells, and this response is attenuated by the presence of microglia.
Exploring the K+ binding site and its coupling to transport in the neurotransmitter:sodium symporter LeuT
Authors: Schmidt Solveig G. , Nygaard Andreas , Mindell Joseph A. , Loland Claus J.
Published: June 2023

The neurotransmitter:sodium symporters (NSSs) are secondary active transporters that couple the reuptake of substrate to the symport of one or two sodium ions. One bound Na
+
(Na1) contributes to the substrate binding, while the other Na
+
(Na2) is thought to be involved in the conformational transition of the NSS. Two NSS members, the serotonin transporter (SERT) and the
Drosophila
dopamine transporter (dDAT), also couple substrate uptake to the antiport of K
+
by a largely undefined mechanism. We have previously shown that the bacterial NSS homologue, LeuT, also binds K
+
, and could therefore serve as a model protein for the exploration of K
+
binding in NSS proteins. Here, we characterize the impact of K
+
on substrate affinity and transport as well as on LeuT conformational equilibrium states. Both radioligand binding assays and transition metal ion FRET (tmFRET) yielded similar K
+
affinities for LeuT. K
+
binding was specific and saturable. LeuT reconstituted into proteoliposomes showed that intra-vesicular K
+
dose-dependently increased the transport velocity of [
3
H]alanine, whereas extra-vesicular K
+
had no apparent effect. K
+
-binding induced a LeuT conformation distinct from the Na
+
- and substrate-bound conformation. Conservative mutations of the Na1 site residues affected the binding of Na
+
and K
+
to different degrees. The Na1 site mutation N27Q caused a >10-fold decrease in K
+
affinity but at the same time a ~3-fold increase in Na
+
affinity. Together, the results suggest that K
+
-binding to LeuT modulates substrate transport and that the K
+
affinity and selectivity for LeuT is sensitive to mutations in the Na1 site, pointing toward the Na1 site as a candidate site for facilitating the interaction between K
+
in some NNSs.
Parallel processing of quickly and slowly mobilized reserve vesicles in hippocampal synapses
Authors: Rodriguez Gotor Juan Jose , Mahfooz Kashif , Perez-Otano Isabel , Wesseling John F
Published: June 2023

Vesicles within presynaptic terminals are thought to be segregated into a variety of readily releasable and reserve pools. The nature of the pools and trafficking between them is not well understood, but pools that are slow to mobilize when synapses are active are often assumed to feed pools that are mobilized more quickly, in a series. However, electrophysiological studies of synaptic transmission have suggested instead a parallel organization where vesicles within slowly and quickly mobilized reserve pools would separately feed independent reluctant- and fast-releasing subdivisions of the readily releasable pool. Here, we use FM-dyes to confirm the existence of multiple reserve pools at hippocampal synapses and a parallel organization that prevents intermixing between the pools, even when stimulation is intense enough to drive exocytosis at the maximum rate. The experiments additionally demonstrate extensive heterogeneity among synapses in the relative sizes of the slowly and quickly mobilized reserve pools, which suggests equivalent heterogeneity in the numbers of reluctant and fast-releasing readily releasable vesicles that may be relevant for understanding information processing and storage.
Parallel processing of quickly and slowly mobilized reserve vesicles in hippocampal synapses
Authors: Mahfooz Kashif , Rodríguez Gotor Juan José , Pérez-Otaño Isabel , Wesseling John F.
Published: June 2023

Vesicles within presynaptic terminals are thought to be segregated into a variety of readily releasable and reserve pools. The nature of the pools and trafficking between them is not well understood, but pools that are slow to
mobilize
when synapses are active are usually assumed to feed pools that are mobilized more quickly, in a series. However, results from electrophysiological studies of synaptic transmission suggested instead a parallel organization where vesicles within slowly and quickly mobilized reserve pools would separately feed independent reluctant- and fast-releasing subdivisions of the readily releasable pool, without intermixing. We now use FM-dyes to confirm the existence of multiple reserve pools at hippocampal synapses. We then confirm the prediction that slowly and quickly mobilized reserve pools do not intermix, even when mobilized by high frequency stimulation. The result provides a simplifying new constraint on the dynamics of vesicle recycling within presynaptic terminals. The experiments additionally demonstrated extensive heterogeneity among synapses in the relative sizes of slowly and quickly mobilized reserve pools. The heterogeneity suggests equivalent heterogeneity in the probability of release among readily releasable vesicles that may be relevant for understanding information processing and storage.
Deciphering neuronal deficit and protein profile changes in human brain organoids from patients with creatine transporter deficiency
Authors: Broca-Brisson Léa , Harati Rania , Disdier Clémence , Mozner Orsolya , Gaston-Breton Romane , Maïza Auriane , Costa Narciso , Guyot Anne-Cécile , Sarkadi Balazs , Apati Agota , Skelton Matthew R , Madrange Lucie , Yates Frank , Armengaud Jean , Hamoudi Rifat , Mabondzo Aloïse
Published: June 2023

Creatine transporter deficiency (CTD) is an X-linked disease caused by mutations in the SLC6A8 gene. The impaired creatine uptake in the brain results in intellectual disability, behavioral disorders, language delay, and seizures. In this work, we generated human brain organoids from induced pluripotent stem cells of healthy subjects and CTD patients. Brain organoids from CTD donors had reduced creatine uptake compared with those from healthy donors. The expression of neural progenitor cell markers SOX2 and PAX6 was reduced in CTD-derived organoids, while GSK3β, a key regulator of neurogenesis, was up-regulated. Shotgun proteomics combined with integrative bioinformatic and statistical analysis identified changes in the abundance of proteins associated with intellectual disability, epilepsy, and autism. Re-establishment of the expression of a functional SLC6A8 in CTD-derived organoids restored creatine uptake and normalized the expression of SOX2, GSK3β, and other key proteins associated with clinical features of CTD patients. Our brain organoid model opens new avenues for further characterizing the CTD pathophysiology and supports the concept that reinstating creatine levels in patients with CTD could result in therapeutic efficacy.
MotorNet, a Python toolbox for controlling differentiable biomechanical effectors with artificial neural networks
Authors: Codol Olivier , Michaels Jonathan A , Kashefi Mehrdad , Pruszynski J Andrew , Gribble Paul L
Published: June 2023

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are a powerful class of computational models for unravelling neural mechanisms of brain function. However, for neural control of movement, they currently must be integrated with software simulating biomechanical effectors, leading to limiting impracticalities: (1) researchers must rely on two different platforms and (2) biomechanical effectors are not generally differentiable, constraining researchers to reinforcement learning algorithms despite the existence and potential biological relevance of faster training methods. To address these limitations, we developed MotorNet, an open-source Python toolbox for creating arbitrarily complex, differentiable, and biomechanically realistic effectors that can be trained on user-defined motor tasks using ANNs. MotorNet is designed to meet several goals: ease of installation, ease of use, a high-level user-friendly application programming interface, and a modular architecture to allow for flexibility in model building. MotorNet requires no dependencies outside Python, making it easy to get started with. For instance, it allows training ANNs on typically used motor control models such as a two joint, six muscle, planar arm within minutes on a typical desktop computer. MotorNet is built on PyTorch and therefore can implement any network architecture that is possible using the PyTorch framework. Consequently, it will immediately benefit from advances in artificial intelligence through PyTorch updates. Finally, it is open source, enabling users to create and share their own improvements, such as new effector and network architectures or custom task designs. MotorNet’s focus on higher-order model and task design will alleviate overhead cost to initiate computational projects for new researchers by providing a standalone, ready-to-go framework, and speed up efforts of established computational teams by enabling a focus on concepts and ideas over implementation.
Molecular dissection of PI3Kβ synergistic activation by receptor tyrosine kinases, GβGγ, and Rho-family GTPases
Authors: Duewell Benjamin R , Wilson Naomi E , Bailey Gabriela M , Peabody Sarah E , Hansen Scott D
Published: June 2023

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) beta (PI3Kβ) is functionally unique in the ability to integrate signals derived from receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), G-protein coupled receptors, and Rho-family GTPases. The mechanism by which PI3Kβ prioritizes interactions with various membrane-tethered signaling inputs, however, remains unclear. Previous experiments did not determine whether interactions with membrane-tethered proteins primarily control PI3Kβ localization versus directly modulate lipid kinase activity. To address this gap in our knowledge, we established an assay to directly visualize how three distinct protein interactions regulate PI3Kβ when presented to the kinase in a biologically relevant configuration on supported lipid bilayers. Using single molecule Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence (TIRF) Microscopy, we determined the mechanism controlling PI3Kβ membrane localization, prioritization of signaling inputs, and lipid kinase activation. We find that auto-inhibited PI3Kβ prioritizes interactions with RTK-derived tyrosine phosphorylated (pY) peptides before engaging either GβGγ or Rac1(GTP). Although pY peptides strongly localize PI3Kβ to membranes, stimulation of lipid kinase activity is modest. In the presence of either pY/GβGγ or pY/Rac1(GTP), PI3Kβ activity is dramatically enhanced beyond what can be explained by simply increasing membrane localization. Instead, PI3Kβ is synergistically activated by pY/GβGγ and pY/Rac1 (GTP) through a mechanism consistent with allosteric regulation.
Samisk-tyske møter under krigsårene 1940–1945
Authors: Nyyssönen Jukka
Published: June 2023

Blant tyske tropper og enheter plassert i Norge og Finland under krigen fantes det flere slags oppfatninger om samene. Holdningene kunne være positive og eksotiserende, men samene ble også betraktet som en sikkerhetstrussel, og samene ble av tyskerne klassifisert etter sine antatte raseegenskaper. Samene ble ikke utsatt for de mest aggressive tyske holdningene, blant annet fordi de ble betraktet som en ressurs for tyske soldater.
Frigjøring og frihet
Authors: Bones Stian
Published: June 2023

Stormaktene la mange av premissene for frigjøringen. Den lovlige norske statsmakten og andre legitime norske organer hadde svært begrenset innflytelse på begivenhetenes gang. Dette kom særlig sterkt til uttrykk i den nordlige landsdelen, der frigjøringen var et drama som kom til å prege mange sterkt. Tvangsevakuering, motstand og overgang fra krig til fred var kilder til skjellsettende menneskelige erfaringer.
Innledning
Authors: Fagertun Fredrik
Published: June 2023

Innledning til heftet "Nye blikk på andre verdenskrig i nord", av hefteredaktør Fredrik Fagertun.
Biomes of the world under climate change scenarios: increasing aridity and higher temperatures lead to significant shifts in natural vegetation
Authors: Bonannella Carmelo , Hengl Tomislav , Parente Leandro , de Bruin Sytze
Published: June 2023

The global potential distribution of biomes (natural vegetation) was modelled using 8,959 training points from the BIOME 6000 dataset and a stack of 72 environmental covariates representing terrain and the current climatic conditions based on historical long term averages (1979–2013). An ensemble machine learning model based on stacked regularization was used, with multinomial logistic regression as the meta-learner and spatial blocking (100 km) to deal with spatial autocorrelation of the training points. Results of spatial cross-validation for the BIOME 6000 classes show an overall accuracy of 0.67 and R2loglossof 0.61, with “tropical evergreen broadleaf forest” being the class with highest gain in predictive performances (R2logloss= 0.74) and “prostrate dwarf shrub tundra” the class with the lowest (R2logloss= −0.09) compared to the baseline. Temperature-related covariates were the most important predictors, with the mean diurnal range (BIO2) being shared by all the base-learners (i.e.,random forest, gradient boosted trees and generalized linear models). The model was next used to predict the distribution of future biomes for the periods 2040–2060 and 2061–2080 under three climate change scenarios (RCP 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5). Comparisons of predictions for the three epochs (present, 2040–2060 and 2061–2080) show that increasing aridity and higher temperatures will likely result in significant shifts in natural vegetation in the tropical area (shifts from tropical forests to savannas up to 1.7 ×105km2by 2080) and around the Arctic Circle (shifts from tundra to boreal forests up to 2.4 ×105km2by 2080). Projected global maps at 1 km spatial resolution are provided as probability and hard classes maps for BIOME 6000 classes and as hard classes maps for the IUCN classes (six aggregated classes). Uncertainty maps (prediction error) are also provided and should be used for careful interpretation of the future projections.
Piura, Tacna e Iquique. Experiencias de adaptación en los espacios públicos vecinales en tiempos del Covid-19
Authors: Schroeder Stella , Abanto Sánchez Elizabeth , Prado Diaz Alberto , Medina Bejar Keili , Martinez Hidalgo Edsmilda , Paredes Fuentes Isabella
Published: June 2023

Las ciudades están experimentado un importante proceso de transformación socio-espacial, que se ha acrecentado durante la pandemia COVID-19. Un fenómeno global, que está afectando la forma en que vivimos y cómo nuestros espacios públicos están atendiendo las necesidades únicas de nuestras comunidades. A tal efecto, tres preguntas principales orientan el objetivo del trabajo: ¿Cómo ha cambiado el uso del espacio público en los vecindarios? ¿Hay cosas que estamos haciendo ahora que se convertirán en parte de la “nueva normalidad”? ¿Qué podemos aprender del uso de los espacios públicos durante la crisis para un mejor futuro urbano? La metodología del trabajo se basó en datos empíricos de estudios de casos, recopilando información mediante cuestionarios y observaciones in-situ en los vecindarios de estudio de tres ciudades: Piura, Tacna e Iquique. Los resultados evidenciaron similitudes y particularidades, tanto en términos de la vida pública cotidiana durante el tiempo de cuarentana por covid-19, así como en aspectos espaciales dependiendo de las condiciones socio-economicas en los lugares de estudio. En ese sentido, reflexionar las transformaciones de la vida cotidiana en los espacios públicos de las ciudades, considerando los activos sociales de los habitantes, puede dar respuestas adecuadas para la reconfiguración del vecindario post pandemia.
Automated Dual-Source Squid Dryer with Image Processing Monitoring
Authors: Dumaguit Ferie Ann M. , Cañete Larry Angelo R. , Rivas Braingelourse L. , Plando Rowena A. , Mag-Usara Arvin E. , Solloso Marlon C.
Published: June 2023

The aim of this project was to develop and fabricate an indoor dual-source drying system that uses IoT to detect moisture during drying. By comparing traditional drying methods to their automated system, the researchers were able to save a total of 34 hours while effectively monitoring humidity and temperature in real-time using image processing techniques. Development and Evaluation of an Automated Dual-Source Squid Dryer with Image Processing Monitoring for Enhanced Drying Efficiency. The study was conducted in Brgy. Canlanipa, Surigao City, Surigao del Norte, with a duration of 1 year. The study involved designing and developing an indoor dual-source dryer system with moisture detection through image processing monitoring, using Arduino Uno, Raspberry Pi 3b, sensors, and a motor. A working prototype was created, validated, and subjected to thorough testing using wet squid samples to evaluate its performance, leading to necessary adjustments and improvements based on feedback and test results. This study developed an automated dual-source squid dryer with image processing monitoring. The system demonstrated faster drying time (14 hours) compared to traditional methods (48 hours) while maintaining good quality. The indoor drying system proved advantageous, being weather-independent and achieving dry squid with 10% moisture content. The automated dual-source squid dryer with image processing monitoring achieved a shorter drying time of 14 hours, outperforming traditional methods that took 48 hours, while ensuring high-quality results. This highlights the system's efficiency and dependability for indoor squid drying, unaffected by weather conditions.
Using of Somatic Embryogenesis for Improving Bolting-resistant New Local Cultivars of Heirloom Carrot Cultivars (Daucus carota) Under Egyptian Conditions
Authors: Hamed Hamed H. , Mohamed M. Khalil
Published: June 2023

Foreign carrot varieties with desirable morphological traits for the local and global markets must bloom in low temperatures for a long period of time in Egypt, but these climatic conditions are not available for flowering and seed production for these varieties, so it is common to import carrot seeds from abroad. On the other hand, Local cultivars bloom earlier when planted later than the advised date. Due to the heat, it cannot be grown throughout the summer. Pushing the somatic cells to divide and create a new polarity is necessary for the induction of tissues in the lab and the creation of somatic embryos. It was shown that several auxins play a crucial role in the development of these embryos, particularly 2, 4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of five procedures in a tissue culture laboratory using two concentrations of 2, 4-D at a concentration of 2.5 and 5 mg/l for indirect somatic embryos induction from sexual embryos produced from culturing carrot  (Daucus carota) seeds of Carrot cv. Kuroda (an heirloom variety). The results confirmed by scanning electron microscopy showed that it is crucial to compare the various processes used to create somatic Embryogenesis to assess their effectiveness. The four stages of somatic embryos, globular, heart, torpedo, and cotyledon form, were observed on the formed callus. The highest amounts of callus fresh weight, the number of globular-shaped stage embryos, the number of heart-shaped stage embryos, the number of torpedo-shaped stage embryos, the number of cotyledon-shaped stage embryos, and the number of seedlings had been recorded in the media supplemented with 2, 4-D at a concentration of 5 mg. This study was able to produce somatic embryos of the foreign carrot cv. Kuroda, Plants obtained from somatic embryos are included in selection programs to produce varieties resistant to early flowering under Egyptian conditions. These results constitute a step in the way in the field of improving bolting-resistant new local cultivars of heirloom carrot cultivars (Daucus  carota) under Egyptian conditions.
Response of Flavonoids Production to Some Elicitors in Callus and Cell Suspension Culture of Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.)
Authors: Sherif S. S. , Essam M. A. , Hassan Reem H. I.
Published: June 2023

Aims: This study was conducted to investigate how to maximize the production of flavonoids from ginkgo leaves callus or cell suspension cultures.
Study Design: The experiment was implemented in a completely randomized design with 3 replicates.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Research Laboratory of Tissue Culture and Preservation of Germplasm, Horticulture Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Egypt from 2020 to 2022. 
Methodology: Adenine sulfate and pyruvic acid were added at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mg/l, for each. Cadmium and lead acetate were added (2 and 4 mg/l for each) to the cell suspension. Jasmonic acid (15, 50, and 100 µM), AgNO3 (25, 50, and 75 µM) and tryptophan (50, 100, and 200 mg/l) were used in the hard callus culture.
Results: Results indicated that the maximum cell suspension fresh weight (6.50 g) was obtained from (0.5 g) cell suspension grown on MS medium supplemented with adenine 0.2 mg/l while lead acetate at 2.0 mg/l increased dry weight (0.89g) after the second subculture. The maximum packed cell volume (PCV) (24.33%) was obtained from lead acetate at 2.0 mg/l in the second cycle of growth. The best flavonoid production (91.29 mg/100 g DW) was produced in the second cycle of growth from callus treated with AgNO3 at 25 µM. Treating Ginkgo biloba callus cultured with jasmonic acid at 100 µM increased the inhibition of AChE in the serum of AD patients from 235.2 U/l (untreated serum) to 76.08 U/l at 38.71 ug/ml compared with the Ginkgo biloba ® at 260 mg which inhibit the activity from 235.2 U/l to 55.73 U/l at 26.00 ug/ml at amount 25.00 ul for all.
Conclusion: Ginkgo biloba is a valuable source of anticholinesterase agents and could be used in pharmaceutical preparations by using callus culture technique treated with jasmonic acid and AgNO3.
Physiochemical Study of Yoghurt-like Product from Breadfruit, Coconut and Soybean Extracts Stored at Different Temperature
Authors: Akwasiam B. U. , Efiuvwevwere B. J. O. , Eruteya O. C.
Published: June 2023

Yoghurt-like products has been produced from a blend of soybean, coconut and breadfruit extract in the ratio B20:C20:S60, B20:C30:S50, B30:C20:S50 and B30:C30:S40 using Lactobacillus acidophilus on the substrates. Two sets of yoghurt-like products from these composites blend was produced and stored at refrigeration (5oC) and then at ambient temperature (29±2oC) for 4 weeks and 5 days, respectively. They were examined for changes in physicochemical properties against commercial (100% cow milk) dairy yoghurt as control. The changes in total solids (mg/L) reveals the following ranges for B20:C20:S60 (6.14 -14.00), B20:C30:S50 (4.10-13.10), B30:C20:S50 (4.02-12.04), B30:C30:S40 (3.20-12.42) and control (8.01- 20.00) and B20:C20:S60 (4.22-14.00), B20:C30:S50 (3.20-13.10), B30:C20:S50 (2.80-12.04), B30:C30:S40 (3.10-12.42) and control (8.10-20.00) for refrigeration and ambient temperature, respectively. The changes in pH ranges are as follows for B20:C20:S60 (3.80-5.40), B20:C30:S50 (3.60-5.00), B30:C20:S50 (3.60-5.00), B30:C30:S40 (3.20-4.80) and control (2.80-4.60) and B20:C20:S60 (3.90-5.60), B20:C30:S50 (3.60-5.20), B30:C20:S50 (3.40-5.00), B30:C30:S40 (3.40-4.80) and control (2.78-4.80) for refrigeration and ambient temperature, respectively. The titratable acidity (g/L) reveals the following ranges for B20:C20:S60 (0.42-1.20), B20:C30:S50 (0.32-1.00), B30:C20:S50 (0.34- 0.80), B30:C30:S40 (0.30-0.9) and control (0.50-1.40), and B20:C20:S60 (0.40-1.20), B20:C30:S50 (0.32-1.00), B30:C20:S50 (0.32-0.80), B30:C30:S40 (0.30-0.70) and control (0.52- 1.80) for refrigeration and ambient temperature, respectively. The viscosity (Ns/m2) ranges are as follows for B20:C20:S60 (300-500), B20:C30:S50 (355-470), B30:C20:S50 (350-480), B30:C30:S40 (340-475) and control (400-600), and B20:C20:S60 (340-500), B20:C30:S50 (330-470), B30:C20:S50 (315-480), B30:C30:S40 (300-480) and control (430-600) for refrigeration and ambient temperature, respectively. The non-dairy yoghurt produced showed characteristics as per with the dairy yoghurt, as they exhibited almost same pattern of changes during the storage period.
Lessons From Across the Pacific—Health Policy Debates Worth Having, Part 2
Authors: Chokshi Dave A.
Published: June 2023

This JAMA Forum discusses digital health in Australia, health equity in New Zealand, and implications from all 3 nations for the US.
Extrascleral Extension of Uveal Melanoma Along Intravitreal Needle Tracts Associated With Periodic Anti–Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Vongsachang Hursuong , Stagner Anna M. , Aronow Mary E. , Wolkow Natalie
Published: June 2023

This case report describes a 94-year-old man who was seen for evaluation of a left choroidal mass after receiving periodic anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
Effects of Chopped Carbon Fiber on the Forming, Structure, and Mechanical Properties of CCF/SiC Composites Fabricated by Selective Laser Sintering and Reactive Melt Infiltration
Authors: Liu Tianlong , Yang Lixia , Chen Zhaofeng , Wen Guoqiang , Xiong Lijun , Sun Ce , Yang Mengmeng , Wu Qiong , Liu Kai
Published: June 2023

Silicon carbide (SiC) composites are fabricated by selective laser sintering (SLS) combined with reactive melt infiltration (RMI) using SiC powder mixed with various contents (0–32 vol%) of chopped carbon fiber (CCF) as reinforcement phase and carbon source. The introduction of an appropriate amount of CCF can reduce the shrinkage and step effect caused by slicing, improving the forming quality of the CCF/SiC preforms after pyrolysis. Meanwhile, as a carbon resource, CCF can react with molten silicon to form the β‐SiC, improving the mechanical properties of CCF/SiC composites. The result shows that the CCF/SiC powder shows excellent fluidity, and the angle of repose of the CCF/SiC powder is 32–40° when the proportion of CCF is less than 24 vol%. CCF/SiC preforms shrinkage is lower than 1.74% and 1.94% along the nonadditive and additive manufacturing directions, respectively. Compared without CCF, the bending strength and fracture toughness of the CCF/SiC composites with 8 vol% CCF improve from 137.9 MPa and 2.69 MPa m1/2 to 177.1 MPa and 3.10 MPa m1/2, respectively. This study is believed to provide a new strategy for additive manufacturing of high‐performance CCF/SiC composites with high CCF content by SLS.
Recent Advances in Kaolinite Nanoclay as Drug Carrier for Bioapplications: A Review
Authors: Wu Qianwen , Liao Juan , Yang Huaming
Published: June 2023

Advanced functional two‐dimensional (2D) nanomaterials offer unique advantages in drug delivery systems for disease treatment. Kaolinite (Kaol), a nanoclay mineral, is a natural 2D nanomaterial because of its layered silicate structure with nanoscale layer spacing. Recently, Kaol nanoclay is used as a carrier for controlled drug release and improved drug dissolution owing to its advantageous properties such as surface charge, strong biocompatibility, and naturally layered structure, making it an essential development direction for nanoclay‐based drug carriers. This review outlines the main physicochemical characteristics of Kaol and the modification methods used for its application in biomedicine. The safety and biocompatibility of Kaol are addressed, and details of the application of Kaol as a drug delivery nanomaterial in antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer treatment are discussed. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects of Kaol‐based drug delivery nanomaterials in biomedicine are discussed. This review recommends directions for the further development of Kaol nanocarriers by improving their physicochemical properties and expanding the bioapplication range of Kaol.
Preparation of Structure Vacancy Defect Modified Diatomic‐Layered g‐C3N4 Nanosheet with Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Liu Tian , Zhu Wei , Wang Ning , Zhang Keyu , Wen Xue , Xing Yan , Li Yunfeng
Published: June 2023

Structure self‐modification of graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) without the assistance of other species has attracted considerable attention. In this study, the structure vacancy defect modified diatomic‐layered g‐C3N4 nanosheet (VCN) is synthesized by thermal treatment of bulk g‐C3N4 in a quartz tube with vacuum atmosphere that will generate a pressure‐thermal dual driving force to boost the exfoliation and formation of structure vacancy for g‐C3N4. The as‐prepared VCN possesses a large specific surface area with a rich pore structure to provide more active centers for catalytic reactions. Furthermore, the as‐formed special defect level in VCN sample can generate a higher exciton density at photoexcitation stage. Meanwhile, the photogenerated charges will rapidly transfer to VCN surface due to the greatly shortened transfer path resulting from the ultrathin structure (≈1.5 nm), which corresponds to two graphite carbon nitride atomic layers. In addition, the defect level alleviates the drawback of enlarged bandgap caused by the quantum size effect of nano‐scaled g‐C3N4, resulting in a well visible‐light utilization. As a result, the VCN sample exhibits an excellent photocatalytic performance both in hydrogen production and photodegradation of typical antibiotics.
ZrNb(CO) RF Superconducting Thin Film with High Critical Temperature in the Theoretical Limit
Authors: Sun Zeming , Oseroff Thomas , Baraissov Zhaslan , Dare Darrah K. , Howard Katrina , Francis Benjamin , Hire Ajinkya C. , Sitaraman Nathan , Arias Tomas A. , Transtrum Mark K. , Hennig Richard , Thompson Michael O. , Muller David A. , Liepe Matthias U.
Published: June 2023

Superconducting radio‐frequency (SRF) resonators are critical components for particle accelerator applications, such as free‐electron lasers, and for emerging technologies in quantum computing. Developing advanced materials and their deposition processes to produce RF superconductors that yield nΩ surface resistances is a key metric for the wider adoption of SRF technology. Here, ZrNb(CO) RF superconducting films with high critical temperatures (Tc) achieved for the first time under ambient pressure are reported. The attainment of a Tc near the theoretical limit for this material without applied pressure is promising for its use in practical applications. A range of Tc, likely arising from Zr doping variation, may allow a tunable superconducting coherence length that lowers the sensitivity to material defects when an ultra‐low surface resistance is required. The ZrNb(CO) films are synthesized using a low‐temperature (100 – 200 °C) electrochemical recipe combined with thermal annealing. The phase transformation as a function of annealing temperature and time is optimized by the evaporated Zr‐Nb diffusion couples. Through phase control, one avoids hexagonal Zr phases that are equilibrium‐stable but degrade Tc. X‐ray and electron diffraction combined with photoelectron spectroscopy reveal a system containing cubic β‐ZrNb mixed with rocksalt NbC and low‐dielectric‐loss ZrO2. Proof‐of‐concept RF performance of ZrNb(CO) on an SRF sample test system is demonstrated. BCS resistance trends lower than reference Nb, while quench fields occur at approximately 35 mT. The results demonstrate the potential of ZrNb(CO) thin films for particle accelerators and other SRF applications.
Cross‐category revenue spillover in brand extensions: The role of within‐category experience
Authors: Cho Jihoon , Walker Doug , Nowlin Edward L.
Published: June 2023

Building on signaling theory, the current research proposes an empirical framework to help firms understand the degree to which cross‐category purchases affect the revenue generated for each category and how within‐category purchases influence the cross‐category spillover effects. The framework is applied to novel individual‐level, cross‐sectional, and time‐series transaction details from a leading lifestyle conglomerate in the Middle East. The empirical results provide strong support for the presence of revenue spillover across multiple categories of brand extensions, with the spillover being more pronounced in categories in which customers have infrequently purchased and thus had less within‐category experience. These results add to the ongoing stream of research on brand extensions by offering evidence that both within‐ and cross‐category learning play a significant role in revenue generation from brand extensions for multi‐product or service firms.
Materials for Electrochemiluminescence: TADF, Hydrogen‐Bonding, and Aggregation‐ and Crystallization‐Induced Emission Luminophores
Authors: Chu Kenneth , Ding Zhifeng , Zysman‐Colman Eli
Published: June 2023

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a rapidly growing discipline with many analytical applications from immunoassays to single‐molecule detection. At the forefront of ECL research is materials chemistry, which looks at engineering new materials and compounds exhibiting enhanced ECL efficiencies compared to conventional fluorescent materials. In this review, we summarize recent molecular design strategies that lead to high efficiency ECL. In particular, we feature recent advances in the use of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters to produce enhanced electrochemiluminescence. We also document how hydrogen bonding, aggregation, and crystallization can each be recruited in the design of materials showing enhanced electrochemiluminescence.
Soil‐dependent β and γ shape parameters of the Haverkamp infiltration model for 3D infiltration flow
Authors: Yilmaz D. , Lassabatere L. , Moret‐Fernandez D. , Rahmati M. , Angulo‐Jaramillo R. , Latorre B.
Published: June 2023

Estimating of soil sorptivity () and saturated hydraulic conductivity () parameters by field infiltration tests are widespread due to the ease of the experimental protocol and data treatment. The analytical equation proposed by Haverkamp et al. (1994) allows the modelling of the cumulative infiltration process, from which the hydraulic parameters can be estimated. This model depends on both initial and final values of the soil hydraulic conductivity, initial soil sorptivity, the volumetric water content increase () and two infiltration constants, the so‐called and parameters. However, to reduce the number of unknown variables when inverting experimental data, constant parameters such as and are usually prefixed to 0.6 and 0.75, respectively. In this study, the values of these constants are investigated using numerical infiltration curves for different soil types and initial soil water contents for the van Genuchten‐Mualem (vGM) soil hydraulic model. Our new approach considers the long‐time expansions of the Haverkamp model, the exact soil properties such as , and initial soil moisture to derive the value of the and parameters for each specific case. We then generated numerically cumulative infiltration curves using Hydrus‐3D software and fitted the long‐time expansions to derive the value of the and parameters. The results show that these parameters are influenced by the initial soil water content and the soil type. However, for initially dry soil conditions, some prefixed values can be proposed instead of the currently used values. If an accurate estimate of and is the case, then for coarse‐textured soils such as sand and loamy sand, we propose the use of 0.9 for both constants. For the remaining soils, the value of 0.75 can be retained for . For constant, 0.75 and 1.5 values can be considered for, intermediate permeable soils (sandy loam and loam) and low permeable soils (silty loam and silt), respectively. We clarify that the results are based on using the vGM model to describe the hydraulic functions of the soil and that the results may differ, and the assumptions may change for other models.
CAT on MOUSE: Control and automation of temperature for single‐sided NMR instruments such as NMR‐MOUSE
Authors: Mailhiot Sarah , Mankinen Otto , Li Jing , Kharbanda Yashu , Telkki Ville‐Veikko , Urbańczyk Mateusz
Published: June 2023

Temperature‐dependent experiments are a rapidly growing area of interest for low‐field NMR. In this work, we present a new device for wide‐range temperature control for single‐sided NMR instruments. The presented device, called CAT, is simple to build, inexpensive, and easy to modify to accommodate different samples. We present the capabilities of the device using a freezing temperature study of acetic acid/water mixtures. Additionally, we present the stability of the device over long measurement times. We believe that by introducing such a device with an open‐source design, we allow researchers to use it in a wide range of applications and to fully incorporate variable‐temperature studies in the world of single‐sided instruments.
Polyglycine Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for Ibuprofen Determination
Authors: Matijašević Igor , Kulizić Mihajlo , Bacetić Ljubica , Gavrilović Damjan , Baošić Rada , Lolić Aleksandar
Published: June 2023

A simple modification of bare glassy carbon electrode by electropolymerization of glycine by cyclic voltammetry was applied to the detection of ibuprofen. The polyglycine modified glassy carbon electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry and the electroactive surface area was determined. The study of ibuprofen in acetic acid buffer (0.25 M, pH 4.0) presented an electrocatalytic effect toward ibuprofen oxidation, increasing the current response and decrease of oxidation potential, at the modified electrode compared to the bare. Under the optimal conditions, the modified electrode gave a linear response in the ibuprofen concentration range of 10 to 200 μM, obtained correlation coefficient was 0.9993. the calculated limit of detection (3Sb/m) was 1.0 μM and the limit of quantification (10Sb/m) was 3.5 μM. the sensor was successfully used for the determination of ibuprofen in pharmaceutical preparations with satisfactory recoveries, 93–107 %. The new sensor showed good selectivity, repeatability, and reproducibility with satisfactory stability.
Supersymmetric phases of AdS4/CFT3
Authors: Genolini Pietro Benetti , Cabo-Bizet Alejandro , Murthy Sameer
Published: June 2023

Abstract

We exhibit an infinite family of supersymmetric phases in the three-dimensional ABJM superconformal field theory and the dual asymptotically AdS4 gravity. They are interpreted as partially deconfined phases which generalize the confined/pure AdS phase and deconfined/supersymmetric black hole phase. Our analysis involves finding a family of saddle-points of the superconformal index labelled by rational points (equivalently, roots of unity), separately in the bulk and boundary theories. In the ABJM theory we calculate the free energy of each saddle by the large-N asymptotic expansion of the superconformal index to all orders in perturbation theory near the saddle-point. We find that this expansion terminates at finite order. In the gravitational theory we show that there is a corresponding family of solutions, constructed by orbifolding the eleven-dimensional uplift of the supersymmetric black hole. The on-shell gravitational action of each orbifold agrees with the free energy of the corresponding saddle in the SCFT. We find that there are two saddles in the ABJM theory with the same entropy as the supersymmetric black hole, corresponding to the two primitive fourth-roots of unity, which causes macroscopic oscillations in the microcanonical index.
Intersection numbers from higher-order partial differential equations
Authors: Chestnov Vsevolod , Frellesvig Hjalte , Gasparotto Federico , Mandal Manoj K. , Mastrolia Pierpaolo
Published: June 2023

Abstract

We propose a new method for the evaluation of intersection numbers for twisted meromorphicn-forms, through Stokes’ theorem inndimensions. It is based on the solution of ann-th order partial differential equation and on the evaluation of multivariate residues. We also present an algebraic expression for the contribution from each multivariate residue. We illustrate our approach with a number of simple examples from mathematics and physics.