bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anomalous twin boundaries in two dimensional materials
Authors: Rooney A. P. , Li Z. , Zhao W. , Gholinia A. , Kozikov A. , Auton G. , Ding F. , Gorbachev R. V. , Young R. J. , Haigh S. J.
Published: August 2018

Twin boundary defects form in virtually all crystalline materials as part of their response to applied deformation or thermal stress. For nearly six decades, graphite has been used as a textbook example of twinning with illustrations showing atomically sharp interfaces between parent and twin. Using state-of-the-art high-resolution annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy, we have captured atomic resolution images of graphitic twin boundaries and find that these interfaces are far more complex than previously supposed. Density functional theory calculations confirm that the presence of van der Waals bonding eliminates the requirement for an atomically sharp interface, resulting in long-range bending across multiple unit cells. We show these remarkable structures are common to other van der Waals materials, leading to extraordinary microstructures, Raman-active stacking faults, and sub-surface exfoliation within bulk crystals.
Genome-wide generation and genotyping of informative SNPs to scan molecular signatures for seed yield in chickpea
Authors: Basu Udita , Srivastava Rishi , Bajaj Deepak , Thakro Virevol , Daware Anurag , Malik Naveen , Upadhyaya Hari D. , Parida Swarup K.
Published: August 2018

We discovered 2150desiand 2199kabuliaccessions-derived SNPs by cultivar-wise individual assembling of sequence-reads generated through genotyping-by-sequencing of 92 chickpea accessions. Subsequent large-scale validation and genotyping of these SNPs discovered 619desiaccessions-derived (DAD) SNPs, 531kabuliaccessions-derived (KAD) SNPs, 884 multiple accessions-derived (MAD) SNPs and 1083 two accessions (desiICC 4958 andkabuliCDC Frontier)-derived (TAD) SNPs that were mapped on eight chromosomes. These informative SNPs were annotated in coding/non-coding regulatory sequence components of genes. The MAD-SNPs were efficient to detect high intra-specific polymorphic potential and wide natural allelic diversity level including high-resolution admixed-population genetic structure and precise phylogenetic relationship among 291desiandkabuliaccessions. This signifies their effectiveness in introgression breeding and varietal improvement studies targeting useful agronomic traits of chickpea. Six trait-associated genes with SNPs including quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) in combination explained 27.5% phenotypic variation for seed yield per plant (SYP). A pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) gene with a synonymous-coding SNP/QTN significantly associated with SYP trait was found most-promising in chickpea. The essential information delineated can be of immense utility in genomics-assisted breeding applications to develop high-yielding chickpea cultivars.
Rapid coupling between gravitational forces and the transcriptome in human myelomonocytic U937 cells
Authors: Thiel Cora S. , Tauber Svantje , Christoffel Swantje , Huge Andreas , Lauber Beatrice A. , Polzer Jennifer , Paulsen Katrin , Lier Hartwin , Engelmann Frank , Schmitz Burkhard , Schütte Andreas , Raig Christiane , Layer Liliana E. , Ullrich Oliver
Published: August 2018

The gravitational force has been constant throughout Earth’s evolutionary history. Since the cell nucleus is subjected to permanent forces induced by Earth’s gravity, we addressed the question, if gene expression homeostasis is constantly shaped by the gravitational force on Earth. We therefore investigated the transcriptome in force-free conditions of microgravity, determined the time frame of initial gravitational force-transduction to the transcriptome and assessed the role of cation channels. We combined a parabolic flight experiment campaign with a suborbital ballistic rocket experiment employing the human myelomonocytic cell line U937 and analyzed the whole gene transcription by microarray, using rigorous controls for exclusion of effects not related to gravitational force and cross-validation through two fully independent research campaigns. Experiments with the wide range ion channel inhibitor SKF-96365 in combination with whole transcriptome analysis were conducted to study the functional role of ion channels in the transduction of gravitational forces at an integrative level. We detected profound alterations in the transcriptome already after 20 s of microgravity or hypergravity. In microgravity, 99.43% of all initially altered transcripts adapted after 5 min. In hypergravity, 98.93% of all initially altered transcripts adapted after 75 s. Only 2.4% of all microgravity-regulated transcripts were sensitive to the cation channel inhibitor SKF-96365. Inter-platform comparison of differentially regulated transcripts revealed 57 annotated gravity-sensitive transcripts. We assume that gravitational forces are rapidly and constantly transduced into the nucleus as omnipresent condition for nuclear and chromatin structure as well as homeostasis of gene expression.
Prescription pattern of alpha-blockers for management of lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Moon Hyong Woo , Yang Jong Hyup , Choi Jin Bong , Bae Woong Jin , Cho Hyuk Jin , Hong Sung-Hoo , Lee Ji Youl , Kim Sae Woong , Park Sang-Hyun , Han Kyungdo , Ha U-Syn
Published: August 2018

This study investigated trends in the prescription of α-blockers for patients with BPH, focusing on changing patterns of prescriptions during 2002–2013 using National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort data. A total of 65,596 Korean males over 50 years old diagnosed with BPH were identified from the NHIS-NSC database between 2002–2013. Patterns of each α -blocker prescription were analyzed and persistence rate, switch rate, and return rate during a follow-up period of 3 years after the first prescription were calculated. A total of 28,318 men over 50 years old (64.95 ± 9.12), changed medication within six months following the first prescription of α -blocker. (1) Tamsulosin showed the highest persistence rate when compared with other α-blockers (2) Among patients who switched to a second α-blocker, tamsulosin showed the highest return rate when compared with other α-blockers. Tamsulosin has been the most commonly prescribed α1-blocker since the mid-2000s, in line with its demonstrated highest persistence and return rates. These data probably reflect patient satisfaction with α1-blockers in the management of BPH, in which the decision to stop and switch pharmacological treatments is primarily based on changes in symptoms or side effects.
TiHo-0906: a new feline mammary cancer cell line with molecular, morphological, and immunocytological characteristics of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
Authors: Granados-Soler José Luis , Junginger Johannes , Hewicker-Trautwein Marion , Bornemann-Kolatzki Kirsten , Beck Julia , Brenig Bertram , Betz Daniela , Schille Jan Torben , Murua Escobar Hugo , Nolte Ingo
Published: August 2018

Feline mammary carcinomas (FMCs) with anaplastic and malignant spindle cells histologically resemble the human metaplastic breast carcinoma (hMBC), spindle-cell subtype. hMBCs display epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) characteristics. Herein we report the establishment and characterization of a cell line (TiHoCMglAdcar0906; TiHo-0906) exhibiting EMT-like properties derived from an FMC with anaplastic and malignant spindle cells. Copy-number variations (CNVs) by next-generation sequencing and immunohistochemical characteristics of the cell line and the tumour were compared. The absolute qPCR expression of EMT-related markers HMGA2 and CD44 was determined. The growth, migration, and sensitivity to doxorubicin were assessed. TiHo-0906 CNVs affect several genomic regions harbouring known EMT-, breast cancer-, and hMBCs-associated genes as AKT1, GATA3, CCND2, CDK4, ZEB1, KRAS, HMGA2, ESRP1, MTDH, YWHAZ, and MYC. Most of them were located in amplified regions of feline chromosomes (FCAs) B4 and F2. TiHo-0906 cells displayed an epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype, and high HMGA2 and CD44 expression. Growth and migration remained comparable during subculturing. Low-passaged cells were two-fold more resistant to doxorubicin than high-passaged cells (IC50: 99.97 nM, and 41.22 nM, respectively). The TiHo-0906 cell line was derived from a poorly differentiated cellular subpopulation of the tumour consistently displaying EMT traits. The cell line presents excellent opportunities for studying EMT on FMCs.
One pot synthesis of α-AgVO3/palygorskite nanocomposites with enhanced photocatalytic activity using triple roles of palygorskite: supporter, dispersant and growth-directing agent
Authors: Luo Yuting , Luo Jie , Hua Yuxiang , Yao Jiacheng , Chen Shen-ming , Liu Xiaoheng
Published: August 2018

Novel α-AgVO3/palygorskite nanocomposites were successfully prepared via a one pot deposition precipitation method.
All-in-one NIR-activated nanoplatforms for enhanced bacterial biofilm eradication
Authors: Dai Xiaomei , Zhao Yu , Yu Yunjian , Chen Xuelei , Wei Xiaosong , Zhang Xinge , Li Chaoxing
Published: August 2018

NIR-activated hierarchical nanoplatforms based on copper sulfide clusters-nitrogen-doped graphene oxide were developed for ablating antibiotic-resistant bacteria biofilm. The good selectivity of the resulting nanoplatforms enable them to be excellent nanomaterials for eliminating biofilm-related infections.
Iron-oxide-based twin nanoplates with strong T2 relaxation shortening for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Wei Ruixue , Zhou Tiantian , Sun Chengjie , Lin Hongyu , Yang Lijiao , Ren Bin W. , Chen Zhong , Gao Jinhao
Published: August 2018

Iron oxide twin nanoplates with high T2 relaxivity for in vivo contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and tumor imaging were reported.
Modulation of thermal conductivity in single-walled carbon nanotubes by fullerene encapsulation: enhancement or reduction?
Authors: Wan Jing , Jiang Jin-Wu
Published: August 2018

Fullerene encapsulation can reduce the thermal conductivity of narrower single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), but it can slightly enhance the thermal conductivity of thicker SWCNTs.
Novel persistent and tribo-luminescence from bismuth ion pairs doped strontium gallate
Authors: Wang Xiu , Boutinaud Philippe , Li Liyi , Cao Jiangkun , Xiong Puxian , Li Xingyu , Luo Haoyang , Peng Mingying
Published: August 2018

A novel phosphor Sr3Ga4O9:Bi3+that combines broadband photoluminescence, long persistent luminescence (LPL) and triboluminescence (ML) at room temperature.
Metabolic engineering of glycoprotein biosynthesis in bacteria
Authors: Natarajan Aravind , Jaroentomeechai Thapakorn , Li Mingji , Glasscock Cameron J. , DeLisa Matthew P.
Published: August 2018

The demonstration more than a decade ago that glycoproteins could be produced in Escherichia coli cells equipped with the N-linked protein glycosylation machinery from Campylobacter jejuni opened the door to using simple bacteria for the expression and engineering of complex glycoproteins. Since that time, metabolic engineering has played an increasingly important role in developing and optimizing microbial cell glyco-factories for the production of diverse glycoproteins and other glycoconjugates. It is becoming clear that future progress in creating efficient glycoprotein expression platforms in bacteria will depend on the adoption of advanced strain engineering strategies such as rational design and assembly of orthogonal glycosylation pathways, genome-wide identification of metabolic engineering targets, and evolutionary engineering of pathway performance. Here, we highlight recent advances in the deployment of metabolic engineering tools and strategies to develop microbial cell glyco-factories for the production of high-value glycoprotein targets with applications in research and medicine.
A Simple Method to Obtain Basic Acoustic Measures From Video Recordings as Subtitles
Authors: Kumar S. Pravin , Švec Jan G.
Published: August 2018

Purpose

Sound pressure level (SPL) and fundamental frequency (f
o
) are very basic and important measures in the acoustical assessment of voice quality, and their variation influences also the vocal fold vibration characteristics. Most sophisticated laryngeal videostroboscopic systems therefore also measure and display the SPL and f
o
values directly over the video frames by means of a rather expensive special hardware setup. An alternative simple software-based method is presented here to obtain these measures as video subtitles.

Method

The software extracts acoustic data from the video recording, calculates the SPL and f
o
parameters, and saves their values in a separate subtitle file. To ensure the correct SPL values, the microphone signal is calibrated beforehand with a sound level meter.

Results

The new approach was tested on videokymographic recordings obtained laryngoscopically. The results of SPL and f
o
values calculated from the videokymographic recording, subtitles creation, and their display are presented.

Conclusions

This method is useful in integrating the acoustic measures with any kind of video recordings containing audio data when inbuilt hardware means are not available. However, calibration and other technical aspects related to data acquisition and synchronization described in this article should be properly taken care of during the recording.
Diagnosis and clustering of power transformer winding fault types by cross‐correlation and clustering analysis of FRA results
Authors: Abbasi Ali Reza , Mahmoudi Mohammad Reza , Avazzadeh Zakieh
Published: August 2018

The power transformer is one of the vital and substantial elements of each country's power grid which not only require high investment, but they are also important in terms of economy, social, political, and strategy. Since this equipment is exposed to different electrical and mechanical winding faults during operation, they should be monitored continuously. One of the main monitoring methods is the use of frequency response analysis (FRA), which has a high sensitivity. The main challenge of the FRA is that the detecting task of the status of the transformer is done by a specialist and with a visual evaluation of the records. To overcome this problem, first, frequency responses in the healthy and present states are calculated through simulation of electrical and mechanical fault in the winding of the transformer and then, new statistical methods are used to interpret FRA results based on the obtained transfer function. In this study, for the first time, clustering analysis and cross‐correlation methods are used to interpret FRA results for clustering and diagnosis of different short circuits turns, axial displacement, and radial deformation. Results and simulations verify ability and advantage of these methods in detection and determination of different faults.
Expansion planning for active distribution networks considering deployment of smart management technologies
Authors: Feng Changsen , Liu Weijia , Wen Fushuan , Li Zhiyi , Shahidehpour Mohammad , Shen Xinwei
Published: August 2018

In this study, a multi‐stage long‐term expansion planning model for an active distribution network (ADN) is presented, with the aim of minimising the investment and operation cost in a coordinated manner over an established horizon. The planning model optimises the following alternatives: upgrading the capacities of substations, reinforcing and/or constructing cable circuits, placing voltage regulators (VRs) and/or static VAR generators, and determining the connection points for distributed generators (DGs). The investment decisions are optimised over the entire planning horizon which can be further divided into multiple periods, and the operation strategies, e.g. active management of DG as well as ADN topology reconfiguration, are determined according to the profiles of representative scenarios. To relieve the computational burden, the original model is properly simplified as a mixed‐integer quadratic constrained programming problem through linearisation and approximation techniques, and the solution optimality is guaranteed after invoking the off‐the‐shell solver. A 24‐node test system is employed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Multiple‐parameter fractional quaternion Fourier transform and its application in colour image encryption
Authors: Chen Beijing , Yu Ming , Tian Yuhang , Li Leida , Wang Dingcheng , Sun Xingming
Published: August 2018

In this study, by using the quaternion algebra, multiple‐parameter fractional quaternion Fourier transform (MPFrQFT) is proposed to generalise the conventional multiple‐parameter fractional Fourier transform (MPFrFT) to quaternion signal processing in a holistic manner. First, the new transform MPFrQFT and its inverse transform are defined. An efficient discrete implementation method of MPFrQFT is then proposed, in which the relationship between MPFrQFT and MPFrFT of four components is utilised for a quaternion signal. Finally, a new colour image encryption algorithm based on the proposed MPFrQFT and the double random phase encoding technique is proposed to evaluate the performance of the proposed MPFrQFT. Experimental results demonstrate that: (i) the computational time of the proposed implementation method is almost a half of the direct method's time; (ii) the proposed MPFrQFT‐based encryption algorithm has an overall better performance than eight compared algorithms in security test and robustness test: it is more secure than the compared frequency‐based algorithms due to the larger key space and the more sensitive key ‘transform orders’; it is also more robust than the compared spatial‐domain algorithms.
Dispersion properties of rectangularly‐corrugated waveguide structures by the in‐house 3D FDTD code COCHLEA in cylindrical coordinates
Authors: Peponis Dimitrios V , Latsas George P , Ioannidis Zisis C , Tigelis Ioannis G
Published: August 2018

An in‐house full‐wave numerical code COCHLEA based on the Finite Difference in Time Domain (FDTD) method has been developed and used to study the dispersion properties of corrugated waveguide structures. The mathematical formulation of the corresponding electromagnetic problem is presented in detail. Numerical results are derived for axially corrugated waveguides similar to those appeared in gyrotron stacked beam tunnels and are compared with those obtained by the in‐house semi‐analytical numerical code FISHBONE.
Computation of available RF power inside the body and path loss using in vivo experiments
Authors: Asif Sajid M. , Hansen Jared W. , Iftikhar Adnan , Ewert Daniel L. , Braaten Benjamin D.
Published: August 2018

A radio frequency (RF)‐based medical device implanted deep inside a human body can be wirelessly powered using RF energy. However, this method experiences loss in the form of attenuation and absorption, which is caused by the lossy human body. The need for a path loss (PL) model is, therefore, necessary to characterise these losses. This study presents a novel PL method, which is based on the measurements, obtained from a series of experiments on two different Dorset breed ovine models. Also, the uncertainty analysis of the equipment has been performed and the available RF power inside the body at a proposed implant location has been computed. The results are then used to develop and propose an equivalent model for PL in an anechoic chamber. Overall, an approximate PL of 3.5 dB/cm in the ovine body was measured at 1.2 GHz. Moreover, it was concluded that with the inevitable errors in the equipment, the total PL for 6 cm deep implant location was ∼21 dB with an uncertainty of 2.034 dB. The PL model presented is novel and has a great potential for applications in the design and development of RF‐based implantable devices, especially leadless pacemakers.
Transformer‐based multilevel inverters: analysis, design and implementation
Authors: Salehahari Shirin , Babaei Ebrahim , Hosseini Seyed Hossein , Ajami Ali
Published: August 2018

In this study, a single‐phase nine‐level inverter using one transformer is proposed. The proposed inverter can generate nine levels with a reduced number of components by utilising one dc voltage source. Based on a four‐arm power module, the voltage stresses on all the power switches are the same, making the proposed inverter be easy to construct. The proposed structure has ability to increase the output voltage with no need of any auxiliary boost system. Other features of the proposed structure are its extendibility to generate high number of levels. For this case, the optimum values of the turns ratio of the transformers for the developed structure are presented to generate maximum number of voltage levels for a given number of switches. Moreover, the proposed structure has low cost and volume in comparison with the relevant structures. In order to verify the performance of the proposed multilevel inverter, a prototype has been built and tested.
Simplified SHE pulse‐amplitude modulation for multilevel inverters
Authors: Kamani Piyush L. , Mulla Mahmadasraf A.
Published: August 2018

In this study, a selective harmonic elimination (SHE)‐pulse‐amplitude modulation method is suggested for the cascaded multilevel inverters. This method is based on the balancing of the voltage‐second area under the output voltage waveform and reference sinusoidal signal. The proposed method is free from the conventional transcendental SHE equations as it is based on a composite midpoint rule of numerical integration which works on linear equations. Reduced computational burden enables real‐time implementation of the proposed method with great ease even for the inverter with a huge number of levels. The switching angles remain constant for an inverter while the output voltage is controlled by varying voltage of dc sources linearly. The proposed method eliminates more harmonics and offers reduced total harmonic distortion (THD) in comparison to the conventional SHE methods without amplifying the amplitude of higher order harmonics. THD of the output voltage remains constant with variation in modulation index. Performance analysis of the suggested method is validated with simulation and experimental studies on cascaded H‐bridge inverter.
Effects of temperature and burial on seed germination and persistence of the restricted invasive Stevia ovata in northern Queensland
Authors: Bebawi Faiz F. , Campbell Shane D. , Mayer Robert J. , Setter Melissa J. , Setter Stephen D.
Published: August 2018

Stevia ovata Willd. is an invasive weed that has become naturalised in northern Queensland, Australia. To aid management of current infestations, this study evaluated seed germination under a range of constant (13−48°C) and alternating (11/7 to 52/42°C) temperature regimes and quantified the potential longevity of soil seed banks. The effect of different soil types, levels of pasture cover and burial depths on seed longevity was investigated in both the dry- and wet-tropics of North Queensland. Germination of S. ovata occurred under a wide range of both constant (13−39°C) and alternating day/night temperatures (16/12 to 52/42°C), but optimum conditions ranged between 24 and 27°C and 24/20 and 37/31°C respectively. As temperatures declined below the optimum, an increasing proportion of seeds went into a state of enforced dormancy. In contrast, higher than optimum temperatures caused a proportion of seeds to lose viability. Differential responses in seed longevity of S. ovata occurred between the two experimental sites. In the wet-tropics, seed viability was <1% after 12 months and fully expired after 18 months, irrespective of burial depth. In the dry-tropics, seeds persisted for longer (nil viability after 24–42 months) and burial depth had a significant effect. Surface located seeds tended to exhibit a faster rate of decline in viability than seeds buried below ground. These findings have implications for the duration of control/eradication programs and also suggest that S. ovata has the potential to greatly expand its current distribution, particularly into cooler areas of Australia.
Microfluidic Radiosynthesis of the Muscarinic M2 Imaging Agent [18F]FP-TZTP
Authors: Matesic Lidia , Greguric Ivan , Pascali Giancarlo
Published: August 2018

3-(4-(3-[18F]Fluoropropylthio)-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl)-1-methyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine ([18F]FP-TZTP) is a selective 18F-radiotracer for the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype M2, which can be used to perform positron emission tomography (PET) scans on patients with neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. [18F]FP-TZTP was produced using continuous-flow microfluidics, a technique that uses reduced amounts of chemical reagents, shorter reaction times and in general, results in higher radiochemical yields compared to currently used techniques. The optimal 18F-radiolabelling conditions consisted of a total flow rate of 40 µL min−1 and 190°C, which produced [18F]FP-TZTP in 26 ± 10 % radiochemical yield with a molar activity of 182 ± 65 GBq µmol−1 and >99 % radiochemical purity.
Australians' understanding of the decline in fertility with increasing age and attitudes towards ovarian reserve screening
Authors: Evans Alisha , de Lacey Sheryl , Tremellen Kelton
Published: August 2018

The aim of this study is to determine Australians’ understanding of the decline in fertility with age, social determinants that influence their decision to start a family and attitudes towards ovarian reserve screening as a tool allowing personalised reproductive life planning. An online survey of 383 childless Australian men and women, aged 18–45 years, was conducted. Both sexes overestimated natural and in vitro fertilization (IVF)-assisted fertility potential with increasing age, with the magnitude of overestimation being more pronounced for men and IVF treatment compared with natural conception. The primary determinants for starting a family were a stable relationship, followed by establishment of career; availability of accessible child care and paid parental leave were considered less important. Finally, the majority of women (74%) would alter their reproductive life planning if they were identified as having low ovarian reserve on screening. Despite increased education, Australians continue to have a poor understanding of age-related decline in natural and IVF-assisted conception, potentially explaining why many delay starting a family. Ovarian reserve screening may help identify individuals at increased risk of premature diminished fertility, giving these women the ability to bring forward their plans for natural conception or undertake fertility preservation (oocyte freezing).
Franck–Condon picture of incoherent neutron scattering
Authors: Kneller Gerald R.
Published: August 2018

Significance

Despite the long history of neutron scattering studies on complex condensed matter systems, there is still a need for appropriate analysis concepts beyond the classical Van Hove theory, which is commonly used to interpret the experimental spectra in terms of trajectory-based dynamical models. The approach presented in this paper, which is based on quantum mechanical transition rather than on classical displacement probabilities, accounts by construction for the scattering kinematics and opens perspectives for the interpretation of quasielastic neutron scattering experiments from complex systems.
Transcategoriality and right periphery
Authors: Hancil Sylvie
Published: August 2018

Among the various syntactic functions that transcategorial but can take, it is the final particle that is the focus of our attention. As it is a characteristic feature of Northern English colloquial conversations, the semantic-pragmatic analysis is pursued in the spoken section of the Scottish Corpus of Texts and Speech. Moreover, particular attention is paid to the relationship between final but and information structure in order to account for the strategy of organizing information. In addition, it is shown that its status as a post-rheme element, which takes into account the position of this particle, does not pay tribute to its main function of textual cohesion. Finally, its potential status as an Antitopic is discussed.
Accounting for transcategorial morphemes
Authors: Nemo François , Horchani Binène
Published: August 2018

The article presents a morphemic account of transcategoriality, with detailed illustrations (e.g. Englishbutandeven, Frenchencore,tout, meme, Latin to French morpheme /tant/) of the approach. After making explicit the paradigmatic differences between exoskeletal and endoskeletal approaches, and showing that ultimately it can be summarized in terms of existence or not of grammar-free morphemes becoming lexemes through grammatical and contextual insertion, it turns to the issue of knowing what an exoskeletal non-categorial meaning can be. It introduces at this stage the notion of fractality, before making explicit and detailing the method which allows isolation of a morpheme’s indicational semantics. The whole approach is finally illustrated with the study of the whole distribution of French /tant/, first semantically in synchrony before extending the tests to Latin data, showing that polysemy, transcategoriality and plurisemy are various forms of the same issue.
Study on three major effects and guarantee system for quality management of edible mushroom products
Authors: Zhou L , Guo S , Shu M , Liang L , Li Y
Published: August 2018

In order to provide consumers with more safe and edible fungus products and to create a faithful social environment of food quality, the edible fungus products quality safety events, as well as their evoked factors and effects on edible fungus industry were discussed in depth in this paper. The performance of edible fungus products quality management is a comprehensive reflection of technical effect, control effect and implementation effect. Among them, the implementation effect is the most important, which refers to the actual implementation effect of quality and safety rules by practitioners of edible fungus industry. Thus, the initiative implementation effect in quality management will be improved, and a quality assurance system in which practitioners are volunteered to participate and implement initiatively the quality standards and regulations so as to provide safe and high-quality products will be established, thereby achieving the best actual implementation effect in quality management.
News Sources and Journalist–Source Interaction
Authors: Fisher Caroline
Published: August 2018

The relationship between journalists and their sources is central to journalism practice. It is a relationship based on a power struggle over the presentation of information to the public. The nature of that relationship continues to change in response to cultural, social, political, and technological circumstances. Historically, the relationship between journalists and sources has been predominantly characterized as interdependent, oscillating between cooperation and conflict over the control of information. However, the arrival of digital publishing platforms and growing use of artificial intelligence and automation in journalism have significantly disrupted this mutually dependent exchange. It has blurred the boundaries between the two roles by complicating the concept of “source” and “journalist” and released sources from their traditional reliance on journalists to disseminate their messages to citizens. Using digital platforms, sources have the option to bypass the traditional media and communicate directly with the public if it meets their strategic communication goals. Depending on whether the source is trying to reach a specific audience via social media or a wider audience via mass media, they can “opt-in” or “opt-out” of a traditional journalist–source relationship. The shift in power between reporters and sources poses a challenge to the authority and control of journalists who have lost their stranglehold over the means of publication. This change points to issues of accountability and scrutiny and raises questions about the ongoing relevance of journalism’s “fourth estate” role in democracy.
Can Intraindividual Variability in Cognitive Speed Be Reduced by Physical Exercise? Results From the LIFE Study
Authors: Bielak Allison A M , Brydges Christopher R
Published: August 2018

Objectives

Findings are mixed regarding the potential to improve older adults’ cognitive ability via training and activity interventions. One novel sensitive outcome may be intraindividual variability (IIV) in cognitive speed, or moment-to-moment changes in a person’s performance. The present article evaluated if participants who participated in a moderate physical activity intervention showed a reduction in IIV, compared with a successful aging education control group.

Method

For approximately 2.6 years, sedentary adults aged 70–90 years participated in the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) Study (n = 1,635), a multisite Phase 3 randomized controlled trial to reduce major mobility disability. They completed 4 reaction time tests at baseline and at approximately 24 months post-test.

Results

Analyses were conducted following both the intent-to-treat principle and complier average casual effect modeling. Results indicated that participants in the physical activity group did not show a reduction in their IIV.

Discussion

The lack of a significant reduction in IIV may be due to the mild nature of the physical activity program and the cognitively healthy sample. It is also possible that other types of lifestyle activity interventions (e.g., social and cognitive engagement) can elicit reductions in IIV for older adults.
Prediction of delayed mortality using vitality scores and reflexes, as well as catch, processing, and post-release conditions: evidence from discarded flatfish in the Western Baltic trawl fishery
Authors: Kraak S B M , Velasco A , Fröse U , Krumme U
Published: August 2018

The EU discard ban and its high-survival exemption exposed our lack of scientific evidence on discard survival in the fisheries. Discard survival is known to be highly variable and influenced by numerous factors, including conditions during the catch, on-board the fishing vessels, and post-discard. Therefore, obtaining unambiguous results in discard survival experiments is challenging. We conducted the first systematic year-round discard survival study of flatfish in the Western Baltic Sea on-board a commercial stern trawler under realistic fishing conditions (13 monthly hauls from May 2015 to May 2016) to test whether delayed mortality can be predicted by vitality scores and reflex action mortality predictor (RAMP) scores in combination with variable conditions during catch, processing, and post-release. The factors vessel type, gear, haul duration, fishing ground, depth, handling time, and processing procedures were kept constant as much as possible. On-board, live individual flatfish were tested for vitality and the presence of reflexes for RAMP, then “discarded” and kept in cages on the bottom of the seafloor for about a week after which the delayed mortality was determined. The proportions of “discarded” plaice, flounder, and dab that were dead after being kept in the cages ranged from 5% to 100%, 0% to 96%, and 33% to 100%, respectively. Higher mortalities occurred in summer-autumn when air and water temperatures were higher, catches smaller, and catches contained smaller proportions of roundfish. Relationships between RAMP scores and mortality probabilities varied substantially across the monthly trials. Indeed, in addition to RAMP or vitality scores and individual reflexes, the factors air and water temperature and catch weight and catch composition were significant in logistic GLMs explaining delayed mortality. Cross-validations indicated that delayed mortality could be predicted by these models with a reasonable accuracy. Nevertheless, the presence of possible confounding effects calls for caution in inferring causality and extrapolating the conclusions on predictability.
H4(Co0; Z) = Z/24
Authors: Johnson-Freyd Theo , Treumann David
Published: August 2018

We show that the 4th integral cohomology of Conway’s group $\mathrm{Co}_0$ is a cyclic group of order $24$, generated by the 1st fractional Pontryagin class of the $24$-dimensional representation.
Pricing American Options under High-Dimensional Models with Recursive Adaptive Sparse Expectations*
Authors: Scheidegger Simon , Treccani Adrien
Published: August 2018

We introduce a novel numerical framework for pricing American options in high dimensions. Our scheme manages to alleviate the problem of dimension scaling through the use of adaptive sparse grids. We approximate the value function with a low number of points and recursively apply fast approximations of the expectation operator from an exercise period to the previous period. Given that available option databases gather several thousands of prices, there is a clear need for fast approaches in empirical work. Our method processes an entire cross section of options in a single execution and offers an immediate solution to the estimation of hedging coefficients through finite differences. It thereby brings valuable advantages over Monte Carlo simulations, which are usually considered to be the tool of choice in high dimensions, and satisfies the need for fast computation in empirical work with current databases containing thousands of prices. We benchmark our algorithm under the canonical model of Black and Scholes and the stochastic volatility model of Heston, the latter in the presence of discrete dividends. We illustrate the massive improvement of complexity scaling over dense grids with a basket option study including up to eight underlying assets. We show how the high degree of parallelism of our scheme makes it suitable for deployment on massively parallel computing units to scale to higher dimensions or further speed up the solution process.
When Children Refuse School
Authors: Kearney Christopher A. , Albano Anne Marie
Published: August 2018

Problematic school absenteeism is the primary focus of When Children Refuse School: A Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Approach, Therapist Guide. Youths who complete high school are more likely to experience greater success at social, academic, occupational, and economic aspects of functioning than youths who do not. Youths with problematic school absenteeism are at risk for lower academic performance and achievement, lower reading and mathematics test scores, fewer literacy skills, internalizing and externalizing behavior problems, grade retention, involvement with the juvenile justice system, and dropout. The treatment program presented here is designed for youths with primary and acute school refusal behavior. The program is based on a functional model of school refusal behavior that classifies youths on the basis of what reinforces absenteeism. For children who refuse school to avoid school-based stimuli that provoke negative affectivity, the treatment uses child-based psychoeducation, somatic control exercises, gradual reintroduction (exposure) to the regular classroom setting, and self-reinforcement. For children who refuse school to escape aversive social and/or evaluative situations, the treatment uses child-based psychoeducation, somatic control exercises, cognitive restructuring, gradual reintroduction (exposure) to the regular classroom setting, and self-reinforcement. For youths who refuse school to pursue attention from significant others, parent-based treatment includes modifying parent commands, establishing regular daily routines, developing rewards, reducing excessive reassurance-seeking behavior, and engaging in forced school attendance. For youths who refuse school to pursue tangible rewards outside of school, family-based treatment includes contingency contracts, communication skills, escorting the child to school and from class to class, and peer refusal skills.
Introductory Information for Therapists
Authors: Kearney Christopher A. , Albano Anne Marie
Published: August 2018

Chapter 1 introduces the primary focus of this treatment program—problematic school absenteeism. The authors use the term “school refusal behavior” as an overarching construct to represent an inability to maintain age-appropriate functioning vis-à-vis school attendance and/or to adaptively cope with school-related stressors that contribute to nonattendance. School refusal behavior refers to school-aged youths (5–17 years). The treatment program is based on a functional model of school refusal behavior that classifies youths on the basis of what reinforces absenteeism. The procedures are generally cognitive-behavioral in nature. The interventions are sensitive to age and cognitive developmental level as well as key developmental milestones that children and adolescents must achieve. The development of this treatment program and its evidence base, benefits, and risks are presented.
Children Refusing School to Avoid School-Related Stimuli That Provoke Negative Affectivity
Authors: Kearney Christopher A. , Albano Anne Marie
Published: August 2018

Chapter 4 describes treatment procedures for children whose school refusal behavior is motivated by a desire to avoid symptoms of dread, anxiety, panic, or depression associated with certain school-related stimuli. For these children, the main goal of treatment is to change avoidance behavior and build coping and active school attendance behaviors. Detailed descriptions of each session are provided, along with homework assignments. The child is taught skills such as relaxation and deep breathing. The use of medications for children with severe anxiety is discussed. Case vignettes and sample dialogues are included.
Children Refusing School to Escape Aversive Social and/or Evaluative Situations
Authors: Kearney Christopher A. , Albano Anne Marie
Published: August 2018

Chapter 5 describes treatment procedures for children whose anxiety in social and evaluative situations is so distressing that they cannot tolerate these situations, and avoidance behavior takes over. Treatment for children who refuse school to escape aversive social and/or evaluative situations involves teaching them to identify what they tell themselves in anxiety-provoking situations and how to replace negative thoughts with coping, helpful statements. The child will experience graduated exposure to anxiety-provoking social or evaluative situations in session with the therapist and will gradually increasing school attendance. An important part of treatment for this population is practicing coping skills in real-life social and evaluative situations. Special topics covered in this chapter are panic attacks, extracurricular activities, teasing, gym class, and perfectionism.
Children Refusing School for Attention
Authors: Kearney Christopher A. , Albano Anne Marie
Published: August 2018

Chapter 6 describes treatment procedures for children refusing school for attention. Common behaviors in this functional group include noncompliance (refusing parent and/or teacher commands), overall disruptive behavior to stay out of school, clinging, refusal to move, tantrums, running away, constant telephoning or texting, and guilt-inducing behaviors. The major focus of treatment is the parents, and the major goal of treatment is to shift the parents’ attention away from school refusal behaviors and toward appropriate school attendance behaviors. Parents are taught to issue unambiguous commands to the child without insulting or lecturing. They are encouraged to set up and adhere to a morning routine is discussed. The importance of identifying and consistently applying rewards and consequences is emphasized.
Children Refusing School for Tangible Rewards Outside of School
Authors: Kearney Christopher A. , Albano Anne Marie
Published: August 2018

Chapter 7 describes treatment procedures for children who refuse school to pursue tangible rewards outside of school. Common behaviors in this functional group include secrecy to hide school absences, verbal and physical aggression, running away, spending an excessive amount of time with friends, disruptive behavior to stay out of school, hostile attitude, refusal to talk, drug use, and excessive sleep. The major focus of treatment is relevant family members, most likely the parents and the child (more likely adolescent) refusing school. The major goal is to provide family members with a better way of solving problems, reducing conflict, increasing rewards for school attendance, and decreasing rewards for school absence. Ways of improving family communication, solving problems by establishing and sticking to contracts, and dealing with peers are discussed. Special topics covered are 504 plans and individualized education plans, alternative educational placements, the need to involve law enforcement, and problems getting out of bed.
Tier 3 Interventions
Authors: Kearney Christopher A. , Albano Anne Marie
Published: August 2018

Chapter 9 discusses Tier 3 cases, youths who have severe, chronic, and complicated absenteeism. Such students have often exceeded the legal limit for truancy, attend class sporadically when they do go to school, and/or frequently leave school prematurely. Attendance problems have lasted for months or years. Youths with Tier 3 problems have failing grades, few credits, and little knowledge of their current coursework. They are often socially detached and may display anxiety and oppositional behavior about the prospect of returning to school. Tier 3 attendance problems often involve deteriorating relationships between parents and school officials. Interventions include addressing comorbid problems and contextual variables, enhancing academic remediation and integration, establishing school attendance, and increasing parent and family involvement in school attendance. Intervention strategies may involve an expansion of the procedures described in this therapist guide, alternative educational schools and programs, specialized programs, and second-chance programs.
Assessment
Authors: Kearney Christopher A. , Albano Anne Marie
Published: August 2018

Chapter 2 covers the assessment process for children with school refusal behavior. This includes the purpose and methods of assessment, monitoring daily progress, and contacting school officials. The purpose of formally assessing a child with school refusal behavior is to obtain answers to three critical questions: (1) What is the behavior problem? (2) What is maintaining school refusal behavior? (3) What is the best treatment for school refusal behavior? Recommended assessment methods such as interviews, child self-report measures, and parent and teacher checklists are presented. Forms are included at the end of the chapter.
Children Refusing School to Escape Anxious Social and/or Evaluative Situations
Authors: Kearney Christopher A. , Albano Anne Marie
Published: August 2018

Chapter 5 outlines the treatment for children whose anxiety in social, performance, and/or evaluative situations is so distressing that they cannot tolerate these situations. Instead, avoidance behavior takes over. Treatment for such children involves teaching them to identify what they tell themselves in anxiety-provoking situations and then to use a method to change negative thoughts to coping, helpful statements. Treatment involves graduated exposure to anxiety-provoking social or evaluative situations in session with the therapist and gradually increasing school attendance. It is important for the child to practice coping skills in real-life social and evaluative situations.
Children Refusing School for Attention
Authors: Kearney Christopher A. , Albano Anne Marie
Published: August 2018

Chapter 6 outlines treatment procedures for children refusing school for attention. Such children may be refusing parent and/or teacher commands and showing overall disruptive behavior. Other behaviors may include clinging, refusal to move, tantrums, running away, constant telephoning or texting, and guilt-inducing behaviors. The major focus of treatment is the parents. The major goal of treatment is to shift parental attention away from school refusal behaviors and toward appropriate school attendance behaviors. Parents learn to issue unambiguous commands to the child without insulting or lecturing. They are encouraged to set up and adhere to a morning routine. The importance of identifying and consistently applying rewards and consequences is also emphasized.