bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of the delivery route and dose of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells on the efficacy of cell therapy (review)
Authors: Pak N. V. , Murzina E. V. , Aksenova N. V. , Krylova T. G. , Aleksandrov V. N.
Published: July 2024

Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MMSCs) are known to be excellent therapeutic agents. Apart from their ability to differentiate into various cell types, and thus participate in the repair of injured tissues and organs, they can influence the regeneration process through secretion of paracrine factors. Thus, MMSC therapy represents a special type of medical intervention that has both a systemic range of therapeutic efficacy and local activity on 

individual sites of an organ. Over the past decades, MMSC therapy has continuously been in a cautious transition from research development to clinically approved therapies. Clinical trial data has shown that this therapy is rarely associated with severe adverse events, is well tolerated and quite safe in the short-term period. However, it has a number of limitations for use, mainly due to the risk of malignant transformation. The success of stem cell transplantation in the treatment of various diseases has been confirmed both in preclinical studies and in clinical practice. The main issues that arise when assessing the therapeutic efficacy of MMSC-associated therapy are the type of cells (adipogenic, bone marrow, etc.), delivery route, number of cells injected, and the optimal number of injections. There is a growing body of experimental and clinical evidence suggesting that both an adequate delivery route and an adequate dose can increase the likelihood of success of MMSC-associated. Each cell delivery route has costs and benefits. However, there is generally contradictory evidence on the comparative efficacy of different cell delivery routes. The optimal dose of transplanted cells is also debated, as high MMSC doses may increase the risks of complications and may not have the proper effect both when administered systemically and locally. These aspects require further systematization of available data to maximize the effect of cell therapy by selecting the safest and most appropriate approaches.
The delivery of multiple benefits on the Llyn Tegid reservoir safety improvements project
Authors: Basford Andrew
Published: July 2024

When Wales’ largest natural lake, Llyn Tegid, required significant reservoir safety works, the execution of sympathetic yet well-engineering solutions ensured that the scheme could stand the test of time and achieve multiple benefits for future generations. Placing sustainability at its heart, the scheme, delivered in Spring 2023, totalling £7 million, has involved strengthening works to 3 km of embankments to protect the popular tourist town of Bala from extreme weather. Boosting the wellbeing of residents and visitors within the picturesque Snowdonia landscape, works on the high-risk reservoir did not come without unique challenges. From designing for overflowing events and significant mature tree removal, to protecting internationally important habitats and working within the live reservoir basin, to name just a few. The scheme's success has been a testament to building the right team, implementing the right contractual and management controls, and establishing the right culture for compliant and high-quality solutions. Opportunities for carbon reduction and maximising value for money have been taken alongside new works to facilitate possible future expansion of Bala Lake Railway. Involving the community at every stage of this award-winning scheme, the delivery of benefits has been many, and the experiences are ones to live on for all.
Wechseljahre in der betrieblichen Prävention. Wechseljahre – Terra incognita im BGM und warum sich das ändern sollte
Authors: Rumler Andrea ,   Forschungsprojekt MenoSupport, Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Recht Berlin, Memmert Julia ,   Forschungsprojekt MenoSupport, Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Recht Berlin
Published: July 2024

Mehr als 2000 Frauen in Deutschland wurden 2023 im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts MenoSupport befragt, wie es ihnen in den Wechseljahren am Arbeitsplatz geht und welche Unterstützung sie sich dort wünschen. Die Forscherinnen legen offen, welche Effekte das bisherige Tabuthema auf Arbeitsfähigkeit, Wohlbefinden und individuelle Karrierewege hat und sehen Nachholbedarf in der betrieblichen Prävention und Arbeitsmedizin deutscher Betriebe. Viel zu wenige Unternehmen haben das Thema bisher auf der Agenda.
An Overview of the Extent of the Powers of South African Competition Authorities in the Regulation of Price Discrimination under the Competition Act 89 of 1998 in the Context of Digital Transformation
Authors: Magau Phemelo
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the Competition Act 89 of 1998 as amended (the Competition Act) is, among others, to promote the efficiency, adaptability and development of the economy as well as to provide consumers with competitive prices and product choices. In line with this purpose, the Competition Act provides that a dominant firm is prohibited from engaging in price discrimination if such conduct will likely substantially prevent or lessen competition, which would be to the detriment of consumers. Notably the Competition Act has established various bodies to regulate competition and act against any conduct prohibited by this Act in South Africa. These bodies include the Competition Commission, the Competition Tribunal, and the Competition Appeal Court. Notwithstanding the prohibition of price discrimination, the Competition Act does not expressly provide adequate enforcement tools for competition authorities to combat uncompetitive practices in the digital era. Moreover, the Competition Act does not expressly grant these statutory bodies clear roles and mandates on providing consumers with adequate and suitable redress when they have been victims of algorithmic price discrimination. With recent technological developments, electronic commerce (e-commerce), and digital transformation, consumers have become vulnerable to various challenges such as excessive pricing, data breaches and algorithmic pricing. The online and digital markets are characterised by complex transactions, innovative technologies and business practices which expose all consumers, including vulnerable consumers, to different risks. As such, the role of the competition authorities needs to be recalibrated to enhance consumer protection on the pricing of goods and services. To this end this paper seeks to investigate the role and ambit of the powers of these competition authorities in the regulation of price discrimination in the context of digital transformation and the digital economy. This is done to assess whether the competition authorities have the necessary tools of enforcement to ensure that markets are competitive and to combat uncompetitive conduct in the digital economy and online markets.
Expert consensus on the terminology, diagnostics and management of persisting symptoms after concussion with a focus on mental health, postural stability, electroencephalogram and balance testing: A cross-sectional Delphi-like survey
Authors: Lumb Michael James , Snegireva Nadja , Welman Karen
Published: July 2024

Background: Persisting symptoms after concussion (PSaC) are a pathological manifestation of head injuries that present with symptoms after the acute phase of head trauma has subsided. Insufficient research about PSaC has led to gaps in knowledge and incorrect terminology being applied. Furthermore, gaps exist in standardised assessment protocols and understanding of mental health symptoms associated with sports.
Objectives: The study aimed to; 1) Determine expert consensus on appropriate terminology for symptoms lasting >4 weeks, 2) Investigate associations with mental health and postural stability symptoms, 3) Evaluate experts’ views on quantitative balance and electroencephalogram (EEG) testing.
Methods: A Delphi-like survey was designed in REDCap and sent to identified experts in the field of sports-related concussions (SRC). Expert consensus was defined as ≥ 75% agreement.
Results: Expert consensus identified the following mood and motor control symptoms being associated with PSaC:  increases in emotional state (80%), irritability (87%), nervousness (87%), sadness (80%), balance impairment (80%), dizziness (87%) and feeling slow (80%). Numbness and tingling were not considered longer-term effects (80%). Additionally, 93% of respondents acknowledged mental health symptoms as potential longer-term effects, with 80% agreeing on inadequate current management. Respondents indicated PSaC are only somewhat adequately managed (73%) or not managed well enough (27%). The use of EEG and quantitative balance testing remains open for debate. The survey response rate was 21%.
Conclusion: Improving mental health management for athletes with PSaC and standardising terminology is crucial. Future research is required to establish effective diagnosis and treatment methods. Addressing these issues may result in better care and safer return to play for athletes.
Equilibrium of sorption of Tribulus Terrestris steroid saponins on a natural polymer sorbent – chitosan
Authors: Mironenko Natalia V. , Selemenev Vladimir F. , Ishchenko Ulyana S. , Shkutina Irina V.
Published: July 2024

Steroidal saponins have a wide spectrum of pharmacological action and therefore are widely used in pharmacological practice. Chitosan is a unique material. Its biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, as well as its cationic nature reveal the potential of this biopolymer as a carrier of drugs for their targeted delivery. The immobilization of biologically active substances can be carried out in a variety of ways - nanomicelles with an encapsulated drug or their polyelectrolyte complexes with oligochitosans, depending on the nature of the active substance. The study of the sorption of saponins by chitosan under equilibrium conditions was studied. An analysis of the equilibrium curves of sorption of Tribulus Terrestris saponin on chitosan was carried out. The presence of a local minimum on the isotherm in the region of solution concentrations corresponding to micellization was revealed. It has been established that the course of the saponin sorption isotherm is determined by competing association processes in a solution and on the surface of chitosan. The pH of the solution did not change, which indicated the absence of ionic interactions involving the protonated amino group of chitosan. The moisture content of chitosan during the sorption of saponin was studied. The antibatic nature of the absorption curves and moisture content curves of chitosan was revealed. An analysis of the saponin sorption isotherm was carried out using the adsorption theories of Langmuir, Freundlich, and BET. High values of the correlation coefficients allowed us to use the Freundlich equation for a quantitative description of the isotherm in the initial section, and to analyse the entire isotherm using the BET theory, which takes into account the polymolecular nature of sorption. The results obtained for the description of the sorption isotherm of saponin were consistent with the proposed mechanism of its absorption by chitosan.
Using IR spectroscopy, it was established that the interaction in the sorbent-sorbate system was due to the emerging hydrogen bonds between the amino and hydroxyl groups of chitosan and the hydroxyl groups of saponin carbohydrates. The results obtained, as well as literature data, confirm the formation of cavities in polysaccharides into which saponin is “incorporated”. In our case, the presence of cavities formed by seven monomer fragments of chitosan, the stability of which is fixed by hydrogen bonds was discussed.
Preparation of individual derivatives in 1,3-oxazino[5,4,3-ij]quinolines and 1,4-oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolines series by column chromatography and their mass spectrometric study
Authors: Medvedeva Svetlana M. , Movchan Alexey V. , Bondarenko Ksenia A. , Shikhalieva Ksenia Dz. , Shikhaliev Khidmet S.
Published: July 2024

Hundreds of highly effective compounds that have a complex of practically useful properties are known among tricyclic hydroquinolines. Therefore, the production of new compounds of high purity in this series and identification of the features of their behaviour under the influence of electron impact for the determination of their structures is important.
Previously, we synthesized 1,3-oxazino[5,4,3-ij]quinoline-1,3-diones and 1,4-oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-2,3-diones, but the nature of the mass spectral decay for the determination of their structures was not discussed. In this study, using thin-layer chromatography, it was shown that during the synthesis of these compounds by-products can be formed, for which conditions for purification using column chromatography were selected.
Fundamental differences were discovered in the stability of the studied isomeric compounds under the influence of electron impact and in the nature of fragmentation of their molecular ions. 1,4-oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolines were more resistant to electronic impact, the peak intensities of their molecular radical ions ([M]+•) were much higher than those of 1,3-oxazino[5,4,3-ij]quinolines, while the hydroquinoline fragment was much more stable than both the 1,3-oxazine and 1,4-oxazine rings. The presence of a multiple bond in the hydropyridine ring of the compounds reduced the intensity of the [M]+• peak. For compounds containing heme-dimethyl groups at the α-carbon (relative to the nitrogen atom) atom, the intensity of the [M]+• peak was minimal due to the ease of elimination of the methyl radical from it, especially if this led to aromatization of the quinoline fragment. Defragmentation of the oxazine cycle of 1,3-oxazino[5,4,3-ij]quinolines starts with the elimination of a carbon dioxide molecule, and defragmentation of1,4-oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolines starts from elimination carbon monoxide molecules.
The discovered patterns of decomposition (EI) can be used to identify similar derivatives of condensed 1,3- and 1,4-oxazines and tricyclic hydroquinolines annealed at the i and j bonds.
Isolation and purification of isocitrate lyase by chromatographic meth-ods from the liver of rats under conditions of alloxan-induced diabetes
Authors: Selivanova Natalia V. , Vinokurov Mikhail M. , Eprintsev Alexander T.
Published: July 2024

The homogeneous preparation with isocitrate lyase activity was obtained from the peroxisomal fraction of rat hepatocytes using chromatographic methods. Male white inbred laboratory Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were used as the object of the study. Experimental diabetes was induced by a single injection of a 5% alloxan solution. The development of diabetes was monitored by measuring blood glucose levels using a glucometer (SatellitePlus PKG-02.4). Blood sampling was carried out in the morning from the tail vein. On the 10th day of the experiment, laboratory animals were subjected to decapitation, previously euthanized with ether anaesthesia, to obtain liver tissue samples. For the isolation of a homogeneous preparation of isocitrate lyase (ICL, EC 4.1.3.1.), chromatographic methods were used. Purification included several stages: fractionation of the homogenate with ammonium sulphate, gel filtration on columns filled with Sephadex G-25 and ion exchange chromatography, which was the determining stage. The anion exchanger DEAE-Sephacel was used as a sorbent. This allowed to achieve a degree of purification of 12.12 for the first ICL isoform and 24.24 for the second ICL isoform. The specific activity for the first sample was 0.04 U/mg protein, and the yield was 26.3%. The specific activity value for the second form of ICL was 0.08 U/mg protein, and the yield was 47.4%. For elution from a column filled with DEAE-Sephacel was performed using step KCl gradient (60 mM – 200 mM). Identification of the resulting preparations was carried out spectrophotometrically, following the increase in the optical density, according to the Kornberg method (λ-324 nm). The presence of isoforms was determined by specific staining of the gel after PAGE electrophoresis. As a result of four-step purification, two isoforms with different from ICL (EC 4.1.3.1) from other sources electrophoretic mobility were obtained.
Evaluation of the selectivity of Ag(I) extraction on thiosemicarbazone-silica gels
Authors: Konshina Dzhamilya N. , Elkov Nikita A. , Sukhno Igor V. , Konshin Valery V.
Published: July 2024

The preparation of a series of new functionalised silica gels with fixed thiosemicarbazone fragments by the reaction of aldehyde silica gels with thiosemicarbazide in an ethanol medium in the presence of a catalytic amount of hydrochloric acid is described. The materials were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The choice of unified conditions for concentration and separation is substantiated using the example of silver (I) ions, which allows for comparison of modified materials with different functional capacities. Sorption isotherms of silver (I) ions were obtained and the values of the maximum sorption capacity of materials were calculated. The distribution of silver (I) in two-phase systems modified silica gel - solution for model systems containing equimolar ratios of silver (I) ions and functional groups, as well as two-, three-, five- and ten-fold excesses of the analyte, was studied, distribution coefficients were calculated. Multicomponent systems were simulated under conditions of 10 and 100 times the molar excess of aluminium (III), cadmium (II), nickel (II), zinc (II), iron (III), copper (II) ions relative to the analyte. It has been shown that for systems containing silver (I) ions at levels of 1/100 and 1/10 of the maximum capacity of the material, the nature of the change in the distribution coefficient is similar to systems containing equimolar amounts of functional groups and analyte. The distribution and selectivity coefficients were calculated. The similarities and differences in the sorption extraction of Ag(I) by organomineral materials with the same complex-forming functional group from multicomponent systems have been revealed.
Study of the physicochemical characteristics of modified carbon sorbents based on wood waste
Authors: Dvoryankin Daniil Yu. , Pervova Inna G. , Maslakova Tatiana I. , Klepalova Irina A.
Published: July 2024

The use of dispersed wood in the development of methods for producing sorption materials based on it becoming increasingly economically feasible, however, to solve practical problems, materials with a certain porous structure and surface chemistry are required. This article presents a study of the physicochemical characteristics of carbon sorbents obtained by modifying sawdust (SD) of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). It has been established that variations in thermal modification (annealing at a temperature of 300±10°C for 35 minutes) and chemical treatment of sawdust samples of fraction 0.75-2.0 mm with a solution of 5 M nitric acid contributed to an increase in the total pore volume (from 5.787 to 8.648 cm3/g) and adsorption activity for methylene blue (from 31.2 to 47.6 mg/g). At the same time, the swelling and bulk density of the resulting micro- and/or mesoporous carbon sorbents were somewhat lower than the values for native sawdust. Changes in the composition of functional groups of all samples were monitored by Fourier transform IR spectroscopy and potentiometric titration using the Boehm method. It was revealed that the thermal modification of wood waste by annealing led to an increase in the total number of oxygen-containing groups on the surface by 2.3 times (from 2.3 to 5.33 mEq/g). The modification of the surface of the original and heat-treated sawdust by oxidation with nitric acid solutions at a temperature of 80°C for 5 h also contributed to an increase in the total number of oxygen-containing groups by more than 3 times, but with an increase in the concentration of HNO3 from 0.5M to 5M the number of carboxyl groups decreased with a simultaneous increase in the content of hydroxyl groups. The extraction of copper(II) ions occurs as a result of ion exchange on the functional groups of carbon sorbents, and the maximum sorption capacity of the studied samples depended on the method of their modification. The sorption of copper(II) ions by initial sawdust is most accurately described by the Dubinin-Radushkevich model, and the sorption of carbon sorbents modified by various methods is best described by the Langmuir model. It has been shown that the chemical modification of native and thermally treated samples with a 5 M HNO3 solution allows to obtain sorbents with the best sorption capacity with respect to Cu(II) ions.
Application of TLC and HPLC/MS methods in the study of the interaction of N-phenytaconimide with 3-methyl-1-phenyl-5-aminopyrazole
Authors: Shmoilova Yana Yu. , Kovygin Yuri A. , Shikhaliev Khidmet S. , Vandyshev Dmitry Yu.
Published: July 2024

The thin layer chromatography (TLC) method is widely used for the rapid analysis of reaction masses in fine organic synthesis. The use of this method allows not only assessing the purity of substances and identify individual components, but also to monitor the progress of synthesis [1-3]. To reliably identify a large number of substances in multicomponent systems and determine the degree of conversion of starting substances, the HPLC-MS analysis method can be used [4-6].
It was previously shown that N-arylitaconimides are easily recycled by various binucleophiles when they are boiled together in various solvents, but data on the choice of reaction conditions were scattered and unsystematized. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of combining several chromatographic methods to control and optimize the synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine formed during the reaction N-phenylitaconimide and 3-methyl-1-phenyl-pyrazol-5-amine.
 The interaction of the components was carried out in low-polar as well as polar protic and aprotic solvents. For the control of the completeness of the reaction, thin layer chromatography on TLC Silica gel 60 F254 (Merck) plates was used, chloroform, methanol and their mixtures in various ratios were used as eluents. The components of the reaction mass were correlated with the declared structures using HPLC/MS studies.
It was shown that the interaction of N-phenylitaconimide with 3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazol-5-amine in all studied systems for 10-15 hours did not lead to the complete conversion of the reagents. The use of aprotic solvents, both polar and low-polar, did not allow obtaining preparatively significant yields of the target product. In protic solvents, the yields of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine were significantly higher. It was also shown that an increase in the protonogenicity of the medium due to the addition of acetic acid led to a more complete conversion of the reagents.
The TLC and HPLC/MS data correlated well with the data on the preparative yields of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine. It was found that the most suitable medium for synthesis was a mixture of propan-2-ol and acetic acid in a ratio of 25:1.
Solid-phase extractants based on carbon nanotubes for the concentration of noble metals from hydrochloric acid media
Authors: Zakharchenko Elena A. , Kolotov Vladimir P. , Kazin Vladislav I. , Dogadkin Denis N. , Burakov Alexander E. , Burakova Irina V. , Tyurin Dmitry A. , Tkachev Alexey G.
Published: July 2024

Effective solid-phase extractants (SPE) have been developed based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) of various structures modified with an organic reagent – 2-mercaptobenzothiazole. Using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, the morphological and structural features of SPE samples and their elemental composition were determined. It has been shown that the specific surface area of modified CNTs is approximately two times lower compared to the original CNTs. It was revealed that the modified materials are
coils of CNTs coated with a uniform organic shell 10-15 nm thick. The sorption capacity of the original nanotubes in 1 M HCl and their modified forms (0.1-3.0 M HCl) at room temperature and at 80°C was determined. It was found that in strongly acidic media, SPE based on G-183 CNTs and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole is effective, which sorbs Pt, Pd and Au at room temperature, and also Ru and Rh at a temperature of 80°C. The possibility of selective extraction of platinum group metals and gold with this sorbent in the presence of macroquantities of Al, Fe, Cu, Ca and Mg was assessed.
Investigation of catalytic properties of glutathione reductase obtained by chromatographic methods from the liver of rats with paracetamol-induced liver damage upon administration of 6-hydroxy-2,2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline
Authors: Kravtsova Svetlana E. , Popova Tatyana N. , Kryl’skii Evgenii D. , Agarkov Alexander A. , Shikhaliev Khidmet S. , Medvedeva Svetlana M. , Oleinik Sergey A. , Lavruschev Andrei I.
Published: July 2024

The aim of the present study was to analyze some catalytic and regulatory properties of the enzyme preparation of glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2.) obtained from rat liver using gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography under conditions of paracetamol-induced liver injury (PILI) and administration of 6-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline (DHQ). Laboratory animals (Rattus norvegicus rats of the Wistar line) were divided into 3 groups. The animals of the control group were orally administered vaseline oil. The second group consisted of rats with PILI induced by a single oral administration of paracetamol at a dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight dissolved in 1 cm3 of vaseline oil. Animals of the third group were modeled by PILI and orally administered with DHQ at a dose of 50 mg per 1 kg body weight dissolved in 1 cm3 of 1% starch, 1 hour and 12 hours after paracetamol administration. Liver and serum were collected 24 hours after paracetamol administration. GR activity was measured on a spectrophotometer at 340 nm wavelength. The enzyme was purified from rat liver by ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration through Sephadex G-25, and ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The total amount of protein in the samples was measured using the BCA protein assay kit. GR was obtained from the liver of rats treated with DHQ on the background of PILI with a 32-fold purification degree. Using the method of double inverse Lineweaver-Burk coordinates it was shown that administration of DHQ to rats was accompanied by a decrease in the affinity of the enzyme for NADPH, as compared to the indicators at pathology. The introduction of isocitrate into the spectrophotometric medium resulted in a less pronounced increase in the activity of GR from the liver of animals treated with DHQ on the background of PILI, compared to the second group of rats. The enzyme from the liver of animals of the third group was characterized by a more significant decrease in activity when glucose-6-phosphate was introduced into the reaction medium. Citrate had a less pronounced regulatory effect on GR from the liver of rats treated with DHQ on the background of pathology, relative to the indicators of animals with PILI. The changes in enzyme properties demonstrated may be due to conformational changes in the molecule resulting from the inhibition effect of DHQ on the intensity of free radical-induced oxidation, which develops against the background of the toxic effect of paracetamol metabolites.
Interaction of melanoidins, proline, and valine with sorbents of various nature
Authors: Selemenev Vladimir F. , Belanova Natalia A. , Mironenko Natalia V. , Belanova Anastasia A. , Semenov Viktor N. , Volkov Alexander A. , Kolomiets Ludmila N.
Published: July 2024

The isolation of pure amino acids from industrial solutions is one of the important tasks of production. Solutions of amino acids obtained as a result of chemical or microbiological treatment contain a number of impurities, mostly organic ones. The microbiological synthesis of proline is accompanied by the presence of valine, leucine, alanine, and coloured high-molecular components in the culture liquid that belong to the melanoidin group. Melanoidins of proline acid production are high-molecular compounds containing amino acid fragments, heterocyclic structures, and amide bonds. Melanoidins in solutions can exist in cationic, bipolar, and anionic forms. They have different molecular weights, molecular sizes, and isoelectric states.
Various ion exchange methods can be used to isolate the target amino acid. It should be noted that the interaction of amino acids with ion-exchange materials is a complex process depending on the electrolytic properties of the sorbate and sorbent and accompanied by multiple side effects. It is necessary to know the specific features of interaction in the “amino acid - sorbent” system and the factors that affect the transport of sorbate ions in the sorbent phase when choosing an isolation method for the target product. The goal of this work was to determine the impact of pH on the sorption process of proline and valine by high-basic ion exchangers, to identify the features of their interactions, and to use the obtained results to optimise the conditions for the separation of amino acids.
We studied the process of interaction of bipolar ions and anions of proline (Pro±, Pro-) and valine (Val±, Val-) with anionites AV-17-8 and AV-17-2P. It was established that the mechanism of amino acid ion exchange in granular sorbents depended on the рН value in the “anionite - external solution” system. Based on the studied interactions, we suggested the methods of the anion-exchange separation of proline and valine. The selected conditions of separation of proline and valine were on anionite AV-17-2P in ОН-form (рН of the initial solution was 6.6-6.7; the solution flow rate was 2 cm3/min). The results of separation of proline and valine indicated that even in a one-step sorption process, five to seven fractions with proline contained no valine ions, while the concentration of proline was 2.0-2.7 times higher as compared to the original solution.
Sorption of divalent metal ions from aqueous solutions on activated carbon with its further separation through electroflotation
Authors: Stoyanova Alyona D. , Checherina Anastasia Yu. , Ivanova Arina V. , Gaidukova Anastasia M. , Konkova Tatiana V. , Mukhin Viktor M.
Published: July 2024

Currently, there are multiple methods for wastewater treatment from metal ions. One of the leading methods is the sorption process. The advantage of sorption purification is its ability to extract substances from multi-component mixtures and its high efficiency with low concentrations of wastewater contamination.
The purpose of this work was to study the sorption capacity of the “OU-B” activated carbon in relation to metal ions (Cu2+, Zn2+, Mn2+). The following tasks were set: establishing optimal parameters for sorption in a static mode, approximating the obtained data by linear forms of kinetic and adsorption equations, as well as obtaining the ability to separate coal particles from aqueous solutions by electroflotation.
To study the patterns, we used the following research methods: low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, atomic absorption spectrometry, and nephelometry.
The optimal parameters for sorption in a static mode (sample size of coal, process time, initial concentration of metal ions) were established experimentally. The maximum degree of extraction of metal ions in the course of sorption was achieved with a 1:133 ratio of coal to aqueous solution during 60 minutes and was 82% for Cu2+, 73% for Zn2+, and 63% for Mn2+.
The obtained sorption results were analysed using the kinetic models of Zeldovich-Chen-Clayton of pseudo-first and pseudo-second order and adsorption models of Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Flory-Higgins. The analysis showed that the sorption of Cu2+, Zn2+, and Mn2+ on OU-B carbon occurred according to the mechanism of physical adsorption, which was described by the sorption models of Langmuir and Freundlich and the Zeldovich-Chen-Clayton kinetic model.
The separation of used sorbents and the aqueous phase was a difficult task from a technological point of view due to the small size of carbon particles. The article showed the prospects of using electroflotation for extracting OU-B carbon from aqueous solutions: the degree of extraction of coal particles reached 97-99% when cationic or non-ionic SAS were added to the solution.
Immunocytochemistry v1
Authors: Wang Shiyi
Published: July 2024

Immunocytochemistry
Immunohistochemistry on mouse brain sections v1
Authors: Wang Shiyi
Published: July 2024

Immunohistochemistry on mouse brain sections
Proteomic Sample Preparation v1
Authors: Wang Shiyi
Published: July 2024

Proteomic Sample Preparation
Cell counting, imaging, and analysis v1
Authors: Wang Shiyi
Published: July 2024

Cell counting, imaging, and analysis
Rotarod test v1
Authors: Chen Chuyu
Published: July 2024

Motor learning was assessed with an accelerating rotarod.
Real-time qPCR v1
Authors: Wang Shiyi
Published: July 2024

Real-time qPCR
MLi-2 treatment of astrocytes v1
Authors: Wang Shiyi
Published: July 2024

LRRK2 inhibitor MLi-2 treatment of astrocytes
Quantitative Proteomic Data Analysis v1
Authors: Wang Shiyi
Published: July 2024

Quantitative Proteomic Data Analysis
LC-MS/MS Analysis v1
Authors: Wang Shiyi
Published: July 2024

LC-MS/MS Analysis
Editorial
Authors: Gómez-Botero Maryory Astrid ,   Universidad de Antioquia
Published: July 2024

Nowadays, scientific and technological dissemination is not an easy endeavor. This current scenario of scientific knowledge had never been propagated before, opening the path to new challenges. With the arrival of the Internet, editorial management has been forced to implement new strategies to enter the so-called “digital revolution.” Likewise, the dissemination of knowledge within the digital age has radically changed, which implies a paradigm shift in scientific production at all levels. Just as the publishing industry adapts to changes, journals are under pressure to enter digital convergence. Otherwise, they risk becoming marginalized, as researchers around the world want to publish their findings in journals that have the best impact factor indices.
Analysis of the Communication Network Among Citizens on Twitter in Violence Victims in Indonesia
Authors: Cahyani Tinuk Dwi ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia, Md. Said Muhamad Helmi , Hassan Muhamad Sayuti ,   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Published: July 2024

The high level of violence in Indonesia, especially against women and children, requires special attention from all parties. It needs to be improved not only from the government’s side but also from the community and in any form. This research aims to find out the communication network of civilians on Twitter as one of the social media platforms for dealing with victims of violence in Indonesia. A qualitative analysis method was employed to collect data and information on the communication and interaction of KontraS in its role as a non-governmental organization. This research also utilized Software NVivo 12 Plus to analyse the data to find out the form of the network communication of KontraS in dealing with the violence victims in the state through Twitter. The research results have revealed that KontraS utilizes Twitter for communication and interaction to build organizational networks involving several parties, where information on human rights issues and violence is posted with hashtags to help disseminate information that leads to the formation of the organizational power of KontraS to support the advocacy of policy that is pro-human rights- and violence-related issue handling in Indonesia. The communication and interaction of KontraS on Twitter impact the dynamic of discussion on the issues of human rights and violence in Indonesia. This research, however, only focused on Twitter data. Thus, further research is expected to involve more data on other social media, such as Facebook and YouTube. Keywords: Twitter, human rights, violence victims, policy, communication.
The Transformation Strategy of Radio Republik Indonesia in Attracting Interest of the Youth: Case Study of RRI Central Java
Authors: Wulandari Yuni ,   Sekolah Tinggi Multi Media “MMTC” Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Wahyudin Ade ,   Sekolah Tinggi Multi Media “MMTC” Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Published: July 2024

This qualitative study, adopting a SWOT analysis methodology, critically examines Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI), focusing on its Central Java branch, as one of the regions that still hold closely to its culture and traditions - to transform strategically to engage the youth effectively. Identifying key weaknesses, including RRI's formal broadcasting style, regulatory constraints, and misalignment of content production with the preferences of the youth demographic, the research underscores the urgency for RRI to pivot towards a more relaxed, contemporary, and interactive broadcasting approach. The study advocates for a comprehensive strategy encompassing active audience participation and using digital platforms such as RRI Digital and RRI Play Go. These platforms present opportunities for RRI to enhance content accessibility and relevance, catering to the dynamic consumption patterns of the youth. The article posits that a robust transformation strategy should address broadcasting style restructuring and necessitate technological upgrades. Fostering collaboration with creative communities is essential for creating content that resonates with the youth. The study delves into the significance of strategic digital marketing, leveraging the strengths of social media and other digital platforms where the youth are most active. By incorporating these elements, the research proposes a holistic transformation strategy, offering actionable insights for RRI in adapting to the evolving preferences of the youth. This contribution extends beyond the case of RRI Central Java, serving as a valuable resource in the ongoing discourse surrounding public broadcasting strategies in the digital era. Keywords: Public broadcasting, youth engagement, radio transformation, SWOT analysis, digital media strategy.
Motives of Sharing Fake News and Effects on Mental Health of Social Media Users: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Dan He ,   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Sannusi Shahrul Nazmi ,   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Published: July 2024

After the outbreak of COVID-19, the world faced various economic, health, and social challenges alongside terror from fake news and posts on social media. There has been a significant impact from the spread and sharing of fake news on the mental health of social media users. Henceforth, this study examined this issue within the context of uses and gratification theory. In doing so, the study performed a meta-analysis using cross-sectional studies regarding social media usage and the association between use and gratification among social media users. Fifteen articles from 2010 to 2020 were retrieved and finalised through strict selection criteria from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science. A random effect model was deployed to estimate the uses and gratification achieved from social media usage and the motivation behind sharing specific posts. The selected articles suggested a positive and significant role of the uses and gratification perspective in motivating users to select specific social media platforms to create and share posts. It was also identified that gratification can result from the performance of both positive and negative actions on social media by social media users. This study offers new insights into social media usage from the uses and gratification perspective during health crises, shedding light on its impact on fake news dissemination and suggesting practical algorithmic control measures. Keywords: Uses and gratifications, meta-analysis, fake news, mental health, social media.
Urban Shrinkage, Degrowth, and Sustainability: An Updated Research Agenda
Authors: De Kraker Joop , Scholl Christian , Bontje Marco
Published: July 2024

Shrinking cities and degrowth thinking share their parting from the dominant growth paradigm and seem to have much to offer to each other. Could degrowth be an inspiring and guiding paradigm for the sustainable development of shrinking cities? Could shrinking cities be suitable testing grounds to apply degrowth’s radical sustainability principles in practice? These and other questions regarding the connections between urban shrinkage, degrowth, and sustainability have hardly been addressed in the scientific literature thus far. This thematic issue brings together novel empirical contributions, taking stock of first attempts to connect degrowth to urban shrinkage, exploring in how far this potential unfolds in practice and what obstacles these attempts face, with a focus on the field of urban planning. In this editorial, we discuss the connections between shrinking cities, degrowth, and sustainability identified in the empirical studies and the dialogues that span across these contributions. We conclude with an updated research agenda for this field of study.
History and Evolution of International Broadcasting Systems in the World
Authors: Horodenko Lesia ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Shtelmakh Paul ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: July 2024

State-owned international broadcasting systems are media outlets that broadcast not to the domestic market of a state, but to audiences outside of it to achieve certain informational and/or ideological goals of the sponsoring state. From shortwave radio to social media pages, international broadcasting systems have come a long way to their current state. In this study, we reviewed and systematised the knowledge about the international broadcasting systems of the world’s leading countries, as well as presented the most relevant knowledge about the Ukrainian international broadcasting system, its structure and the importance of information influence for the country in 2024.
Authors versus AI: Approaches and Challenges
Authors: Vodolazka Svitlana ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Krainikova Tetiana , Ryzhko Olena , Sokolova Kateryna ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: July 2024

The study is aimed at typologizing the approaches to using AI by book authors, tracing the creative opportunities, legal and ethical conflicts as well as promising solutions generated by this collaboration. At the first stage of the research (July ¾ August 2023), the theoretical sources were reviewed, and the research was conceptualized. The fundamental scientific approaches were: 1) the theory of technological determinism; 2) theory of information society; 3) diffusion of innovation theory. At the second stage (September 2023), empirical studies included: 1) monitoring of Amazon.com keywords for the availability of books created with the help of AI; 2) non-standardized expert interviews; 3) discourse analysis of Internet resources that publish both interviews and analytical, expert materials related to the problems of the book market. At the third stage (November 2023), we carried out the analysis and interpretation of the obtained results. According to the data, 1,542 AI-generated books were found at Amazon catalogues. Among them, non-fiction, created using various AI systems, prevails (65%). When creating texts, most authors use GPT modifications — ChatGPT (1021 books), ChatGPT-4 (210 books) and ChatGPT AI (197 books). The subject of this literature is wide: cooking, tourism, business, medicine, etc. There are currently five main approaches to the use of AI by authors such as: (1) AI as a technical instrument of the author; (2) AI as a partner of the author; (3) AI an imitator of the author; (4) AI as a plot sample narrator; (5) AI as an original content generator. Therefore, authors use AI at different stages of the creative process, with different intensity and for different tasks. To overcome the challenges caused by the introduction of AI in the creative industries, complex solutions are needed: new legislative norms, codes of conduct and editorial policies, improving the qualifications of authors.
GÜVENLİ BÖLGELERİN ULUSLARARASI HUKUK AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ VE TÜRKİYE’NİN SURİYE’DE TESİS ETTİĞİ GÜVENLİ BÖLGE UYGULAMALARI
Authors: Akkuş Berkant
Published: July 2024

Güvenli bölgeler, genellikle çatışma bölgelerinden kaçan mültecilere barınma, gıda, su ve temel ihtiyaçlar sağlamak amacıyla oluşturulan alanlardır. Bu bölgeler, uluslararası toplumun yardım ve koruma amacı taşıyan bir girişimidir. Uluslararası hukuk çerçevesinde, güvenli bölgelerin oluşturulmasıyla ilgili bir dizi prensip ve kriter bulunmaktadır. Bu ilkelere göre, mültecilerin insan haklarına saygı gösterilmeli, insanlık dışı veya aşağılayıcı muamele yapılmamalı ve güvenli bölgelerde barınma hakları korunmalıdır. Ayrıca, uluslararası toplumun desteği ve iş birliği ile güvenli bölgelerin sürdürülebilirliği sağlanmalıdır. Bu bölgelerin oluşturulmasıyla ilgili kararlar dikkatlice değerlendirilmeli ve mültecilerin güvenliği, sağlığı ve refahı gözetilmelidir. Bu sayede uluslararası toplum, çatışma bölgelerinden kaçan mültecilere geçici bir sığınak ve koruma sağlayarak insani yardımda bulunabilir. Bu makale, uluslararası hukuk kapsamında güvenli bölgelerin temel zorluklarını, faydalarını, risklerini ele almayı ve mülteci alan devletlerin uyması gereken hukuki çerçeveye ilişkin incelemelerde bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır.
Idiopathic enterocolic intussusception: imaging findings in an abdominal emergency
Authors: Balzano Rosario Francesco , Lattanzio Francesco , Fascia Giacomo , Montatore Manuela , Balbino Marina , Masino Federica , Mannatrizio Domenico , Guglielmi Giuseppe
Published: July 2024

Adult intussusceptions are a rare cause of abdominal obstruction and are usually associated with a neoplastic disease; idiopathic forms are extremely rare. We report a case of enterocolic intussusception in a young woman who experienced symptoms of abdominal obstruction. Imaging findings were reported. On histological examination, no underlying diseases were found. The patient presented at the hospital for computed tomography because of persistent abdominal pain. Computed tomography revealed an enterocolic invagination involving the ileocecal valve and cecum and widespread edematous thickening of the colonic parietal walls.
Idiopathic enterocolic intussusception is an uncommon abdominal urgency in adults. Symptoms can be vague and persistent, delaying an accurate diagnosis. Imaging is crucial in these circumstances to make a diagnosis. Some computed tomography findings, such as a target-like bulk, may be suggestive.