bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selective sharing on social media: Examining the effects of disparate racial impact frames on intentions to retransmit news stories among US college students
Authors: Bigman Cabral A , Smith Marisa A , Williamson Lillie D , Planey Arrianna M , Smith Shardé McNeil
Published: June 2019

Theoretical and empirical evidence suggests disparate racial impact frames may lead to selective sharing on social media and result in differential retransmission rates across racial groups. In this online study, we (1) examined reported exposure to and sharing of content about race on social media among Black, White, and “Other” race/ethnicity college students ( N = 150); (2) experimentally tested how exposure to news story previews with control, implicit, or explicit disparate racial impact frames affected subsequent sharing intentions; and (3) explored reasons students provided for their intentions to share/not share the stories. Black students reported more exposure to and sharing of content about race on social media. Few participants cited discrimination in open-ended responses explaining sharing/non-sharing intentions. Nevertheless, despite holding story topic and source constant, disparate racial impact frames resulted in differences in sharing intentions among Black and White students, demonstrating these frames can influence selective sharing intentions.
Critical collaborative storying: making an animated film about halal dating
Authors: Phillips Richard , Ali Nafhesa , Chambers Claire
Published: June 2019

This article works at the intersection of creative, participatory and critical research. It explores an emergent qualitative methodology that is creative and participatory but not is always as critical as it might be: collaborative storytelling or storying. Understandings of critical collaborative storytelling and (more generically and inclusively) storying are developed through an account of a series of storying workshops. In these workshops, a group of young British Muslims made a short animated film titled ‘Halal Dating’. In their animated film, the participants explored an otherwise hard-to-name part of their lives: sexual relationships. Thus, in addition to its methodological interest, this article may appeal to readers with more substantive interests in religion, young people, gender and sexuality.
Governmental functions and the specification of rights
Authors: Vraciu Cosmin
Published: June 2019

The separation-of-powers literature has entertained the possibility of differentiating governmental functions at a conceptual, pre-institutional level, as a way of defining the separation of powers. However, it can be objected that attempts at differentiating functions at this level cannot escape a problem of arbitrariness. In this article, I develop an account of the separation of powers which addresses this problem. On my account, the legislative function is defined by the creation of validity claims, understood as claims making it a matter of normative common-knowledge that such and such normative attitudes hold for the interaction between agents. The executive-judicial function is defined by the specification of rights and other jural positions out of the validity claims. This account of the separation of powers has the double advantage that it works at a conceptual, pre-institutional level, and that it is able to distinguish between the functions in a non-arbitrary manner. In developing this account, I also consider its practical implications. I argue that the conceptual distinction between the legislative and the executive-judicial functions is expressive of rule-of-law values, and that this might render it a sufficient but not necessary condition for the institutional separation of powers.
What Becomes of Chronic Juvenile Delinquents? Multifinality at Midlife
Authors: Drury Alan J. , DeLisi Matt , Elbert Michael J.
Published: June 2019

Popular in the field of developmental psychopathology, multifinality means that an initial condition or status can manifest in diverse outcomes across life. Using a near population of federal correctional clients selected from the Midwestern United States, the current study examined the association of chronic delinquent offender status on assorted life outcomes at midlife (average age of offenders was nearly 44 years). Although just 16% of the current offenders were formerly chronic delinquents, they accounted for 13.9% of current employment, 54.6% of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) cases, 54% of those at the 90th percentile for arrest charges, 45.8% of those at the 90th percentile for assaultive arrest charges, 53% of gang activity, 43.8% of lifetime traumatic brain injury, and 22.9% of lifetime mental illness. Logistic regression models indicated that former chronic delinquency was associated with 41% reduced odds of employment, 897% increased odds of ASPD, 81% increased odds of 90th percentile offending, 82% increased odds of 90th percentile assaultive offending, 144% increased odds of gang activity, 115% increased odds of traumatic brain injury, and 141% increased odds of lifetime mental illness. Former chronic delinquency has more consistent predictive validity among males than females and among Whites than African Americans. Multifinality is a useful concept to understand the developmental course of chronic delinquency and assess noncriminal yet nevertheless socially and societally burdensome outcomes.
The coach–scientist relationship in high-performance sport: Biomechanics and sprint coaches
Authors: Waters Amy , Phillips Elissa , Panchuk Derek , Dawson Andrew
Published: June 2019

It is common for sport science practitioners, including sport biomechanists, to interact with high-performance coaches in the daily training environment. These relationships are beneficial for both scientist and coach, as well as the athletes. However, as indicated by difficulties in transferring new research into coaching practice, these relationships are not functioning as well as they could. The aim of this paper is to examine the various factors that influence the coach–biomechanist relationship in the elite sprinting context and gain an understanding of what impedes and enhances this, which will ultimately maximise an athlete's performance. Sprint coaches ( n = 56) and applied sport biomechanists ( n = 12) were surveyed to determine the participants' experiences working with each other and use of biomechanics in the training environment. Semi-structured interviews with coaches ( n = 8) and biomechanists ( n = 8) were conducted to further explore these ideas. From the biomechanists perspective, the relationship appeared to be less effective than from the coaches' perspective and both groups identified areas for improvement. The coaches had an inconsistent understanding of biomechanics theory and the support a biomechanist could provide in the training environment, while it was acknowledged that biomechanists needed to improve their communication skills. Coach and practitioner education were identified as where these improvements could be facilitated. There are many aspects of the coach–biomechanist relationship that could contribute to establishing optimal practice in the high-performance environment and enhance the transfer of knowledge from scientist to coach. This paper proposes a number of directions that could be taken.
The efficacy of prophylactic pancreatic stents against complications of post-endoscopic papillectomy or endoscopic ampullectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Yining , Qi Miao , Hao Yuanzhen , Hong Junbo
Published: June 2019

Background:

Endoscopic resection has been increasingly adopted for neoplasms in the major duodenal papilla. Previous studies have reached varying conclusions on whether prophylactic pancreatic stent (PS) placement is an effective measure against post-procedure complications. We aimed to investigate whether PS could reduce the incidence of post-procedure complications.

Methods:

The PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases were systematically searched from the inception dates to 25 December 2018 to identify all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and retrospective cohort studies (RCSs) comparing prophylactic PS and no PS against post-procedure complications. The main outcomes measurements were post-procedure pancreatitis, bleeding, perforation and late papillary stenosis.

Results:

23 RCSs (1001 subjects) and 2 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of the RCSs showed that prophylactic PS decreased the odds of post-procedure pancreatitis (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.36–1.40; p = 0.325) as well as late papillary stenosis (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.07–1.75; p = 0.200; I2 =0%) and increased the odds of bleeding (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 0.50–3.46; p = 0.572; I2 = 0%) and perforation (OR, 2.25; 95% CI, 0.33–15.50; p = 0.412; I2 = 0%) but not significantly. Sensitivity analysis illustrated prophylactic PS significantly decreased the risk of post-procedure pancreatitis (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.24–0.80; p = 0.007).

Conclusions:

PS placement was prophylactic against post-procedure complications although not significantly. Sensitivity analysis suggests the significant effect of prophylactic PS against post-procedure pancreatitis. More RCTs are required to validate the statistical significance of our results and potentially relevant characteristics improving the prophylactic efficacy of stents.
Analysis of Volatile Constituents of Ginkgo Leaf
Authors: Czigle Szilvia , Héthelyi B Éva , Háznagy-Radnai Erzsébet , Máthé Imre , Tóth Jaroslav
Published: June 2019

Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae) is one of the oldest trees on earth. The medicinal use of its seeds and leaves has been a tradition for thousands of years. The standardized extract (known as EGb 761) contains several biologically active components, among them are terpenes and flavonoid glycosides that are responsible for the pharmacological activities of Ginkgonis folium. According to European Union herbal monographs (EUHM), the leaves of Ginkgo are recommended for the treatment of dementia, cerebral vascular insufficiency, and disorders of the peripheral circulation. The aim of our work was to analyze volatile constituents of Ginkgo leaf. Leaves of 3 Ginkgo trees were analyzed; 2 of which grow in the Medicinal Plants Garden (young trees A and B) and 1 at the Botanical Garden (old tree C) in Bratislava. The leaves were collected in 2014. The essential oil was isolated and quantified using hydrodistillation according to European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) The volatile constituents of Ginkgonis folium were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID). We identified 16 constituents of the leaves of tree A, 18 in tree B, and 14 in tree C. The volatiles of the 3 trees differ in the respective amounts of monoterpenoids, hydrocarbons, fatty acids, and their methyl esters. The following constituents were identified in all of the 3 trees in largest percentage: hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (23.6%, 16.0%, and 27.7%), α-linolenic acid methyl ester (14.8%, 20.7%, and 15.1%), and pentacosane (22.2%, 22.4%, and 21.9%). Other identified compounds include the monoterpenes ( E)- α-ionone and ( E)- β-ionone.
What Affects Farmers’ Ecocompensation Expectations? An Empirical Study of Returning Farmland to Forest in China
Authors: Zhang Baojian , Li Pengli , Xu Yan , Yue Xiaohang
Published: June 2019

Ecocompensation projects (EPs) have two primary objectives: environmental protection and the livelihood maintenance of farmers. Farmers’ ecocompensation expectations (FEEs) are a key factor that affects whether the design of ecological policy is targeted at practical problems. This article divides FEEs into three dependent variables and uses logistic regression and multiple regression models to analyze the influencing factors of FEEs. The results of a questionnaire survey based on 259 farmers in the area of Returning Farmland to Forest Project, with tropical and subtropical regions of China included, show that, first, farmers’ willingness to participate in EPs is strong. Several indicators, such as policy cognition level, returned farmland area, and participation in other EPs, have been demonstrated to significantly affect farmers’ willingness to participate. Second, the result of the contingent valuation method shows that farmers’ expectations of compensation income are higher than the current standard. Farmers’ returned farmland area, participation in other EPs, and degree of satisfaction with the policy effect are primary influencing factors. Third, farmers’ expectations of compensation mode, such as employment opportunities, technical guidance, and ecological migration, are greatly improving. The choice of compensation mode is mainly affected by policy cognition level, current compensation mode for returning farmland, and degree of satisfaction with the policy effect. This study can provide a new perspective for the policy adjustment of eco-environmental protection and farmers’ livelihood choices in the tropical and subtropical regions of China.
Gut feeling: randomized controlled trials of probiotics for the treatment of clinical depression: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nikolova Viktoriya , Zaidi Syed Yawar , Young Allan H. , Cleare Anthony J. , Stone James M.
Published: June 2019

Background:

Recently the gut microbiota has attracted significant interest in psychiatric research due to the observed bidirectional gut–brain communication. A growing body of evidence from preclinical work has suggested that probiotics may be effective in reducing stress and anxiety and alleviating low mood. It is unclear to what extent these effects are seen in clinical populations. We aimed to identify all published evidence on the efficacy of probiotics as treatment for depression in clinically depressed populations.

Methods:

Randomized controlled trials of patients with depression where probiotics were used as supplementary or standalone treatment were considered eligible. A literature search with the terms ( probiotic* OR bacteria OR Lactobacillus OR Bifidobacterium) AND depress* was performed in PubMed and Web of Science. Data on study population characteristics, treatment effectiveness, tolerability and risk of bias were extracted from eligible studies. A random effects model was used for meta-analyses.

Results:

Only three studies met inclusion criteria (229 individuals randomized), two of which administered probiotics as a supplementary treatment to antidepressants and one as a standalone treatment. Upon removal of the latter study from the meta-analysis due to clinical heterogeneity, there was an overall positive effect of probiotics on depressive symptoms (standardized mean difference = 1.371, 95% confidence interval 0.130–2.613).

Conclusions:

There is limited evidence for the efficacy of probiotics in depression at present, although there may be a beneficial effect of probiotics on depressive symptoms when administered in addition to antidepressants. Further studies are required to investigate this and explore potential mechanisms.
Distinct mutation in the feline coronavirus spike protein cleavage activation site in a cat with feline infectious peritonitis-associated meningoencephalomyelitis
Authors: André Nicole M , Cossic Brieuc , Davies Emma , Miller Andrew D , Whittaker Gary R
Published: June 2019

Case summary

This report describes a cat with chronic, progressive, non-painful, non-lateralizing multifocal neurologic clinical signs associated with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). The cat initially presented as underweight, despite a good appetite, and a complete blood count showed non-regenerative anemia. Three months later the cat was returned having developed ataxia and paraparesis, which then progressed over 2 months to tetraparesis, tail plegia, urinary and fecal incontinence, and titubation. Histologic examination of the tissues with subsequent immunohistochemistry confirmed FIP-associated meningoencephalomyelitis following necropsy. Molecular analysis of the coronavirus spike protein within the tissues identified a specific, functionally relevant amino acid change (R793M), which was only identified in tissues associated with the central nervous system (ie, brain and spinal cord).

Relevance and novel information

This case report describes an early presentation of a cat with primarily neurologic FIP, with molecular characterization of the virus within various tissues.
Understanding Preoperative Demographics and Risk Factors for Early Revision Surgery in Patients Undergoing Hip Arthroscopic Surgery: A Large Database Study
Authors: Rogers Miranda J. , Adeyemi Temitope F. , Kim Jaewhan , Maak Travis G.
Published: June 2019

Background:

Hip arthroscopic surgery has become an increasingly common surgical technique to diagnose and treat various hip abnormalities. While increased efficacy has been reported, debate remains regarding appropriate surgical indications. Multiple factors including patient demographics, surgical procedure, and underlying disease have been associated with poor surgical outcomes. Preoperative diagnostic and treatment interventions including physical therapy and injections may affect surgical indications and outcomes.

Purpose:

To identify patient characteristics and preoperative factors associated with an increased risk of early revision surgery and/or extended postoperative medical care after index hip arthroscopic surgery.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Utah’s All Payer Claims Database, a state-mandated registry containing data from all payers, including private insurance, Medicare Advantage, and Medicaid, was queried to identify patients who underwent hip arthroscopic surgery during a 3-year period (January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2015). Demographics, comorbidities, nonoperative care modalities, pain medications, and revision procedures were collected using claims data at 6 months preoperatively and 12 months postoperatively.

Results:

A total of 1283 patients who underwent primary hip arthroscopic surgery were analyzed, of whom 57.6% (n = 739) were female. Within 1 year of index surgery, 7.8% and 2.1% of patients underwent revision hip arthroscopic surgery and conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA), respectively. Patients older than 60 years and male patients were more likely to undergo revision arthroscopic surgery (odds ratio [OR], 0.89; P < .001 and OR, 1.59; P = .04, respectively) and convert to THA (OR, 1.03; P = .01 and OR, 2.25; P = .05, respectively). Preoperative opioid use was significantly associated with increased odds of revision surgery (OR, 1.64; P = .05) and THA (OR, 2.70; P = .03). No significant relationship existed between preoperative physical therapy or intra-articular hip injections and revision hip arthroscopic surgery (OR, 1.20; P = .45 and OR, 1.18; P = .52, respectively) or conversion to THA (OR, 0.89; P = .79 and OR, 0.71; P = .46, respectively).

Conclusion:

This study showed that predictable patient factors can effectively guide preoperative decision making and may improve prognosis. Certain patient pools require optimization preoperatively, and a subset of patients appears to require additional surgical indications.
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status Affects Patient-Reported Outcome 2 Years After ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Jones Morgan H. , Reinke Emily K. , Zajichek Alexander , Kelley-Moore Jessica A. , Khair M. Michael , Malcolm Tennison L. ,   MOON Knee Group, Spindler Kurt P. , Amendola Annunziato , Andrish Jack T. , Brophy Robert H. , Flanigan David C. , Huston Laura J. , Kaeding Christopher C. , Marx Robert G. , Matava Matthew J. , Parker Richard D. , Wolf Brian R. , Wright Rick W.
Published: June 2019

Background:

Lower socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with worse patient-reported outcome (PRO) after orthopaedic procedures. In patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, evaluating SES by use of traditional measures such as years of education or occupation is problematic because this group has a large proportion of younger patients. We hypothesized that lower education level and lower values for SES would predict worse PRO at 2 years after ACL reconstruction and that the effect of education level would vary with patient age.

Purpose:

To compare the performance of multivariable models that use traditional measures of SES with models that use an index of neighborhood SES derived from United States (US) Census data.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A cohort of 675 patients (45% female; median age, 20 years), were prospectively enrolled and evaluated 2 years after ACL reconstruction with questionnaires including the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) questionnaire, the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and the Marx activity rating scale (Marx). In addition, a new variable was generated for this study, the SES index, which used geocoding performed retrospectively to identify the census tract of residence for each participant at the time of enrollment and extract neighborhood SES measures from the 2000 US Census Descriptive Statistics. Multivariable models were constructed that included traditional measures of SES as well as the SES index, and the quality of models was compared through use of the likelihood ratio test.

Results:

Lower SES index was associated with worse PRO for all measures. Models that included the SES index explained more variability than models with traditional SES. In addition, a statistically significant variation was found regarding the impact of education on PRO based on patient age for the IKDC score, the Marx scale, and 4 of the 5 KOOS subscales.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates that lower neighborhood SES is associated with worse PRO after ACL reconstruction and that age and education have a significant interaction in this patient population. Future studies in patients who have undergone ACL reconstruction should attempt to account for neighborhood SES when adjusting for confounding factors; further, targeting patients from areas with lower neighborhood SES with special interventions may offer an opportunity to improve their outcomes.
Intraarticular ACP therapy for severe osteoarthritis
Authors: Borsky Michael
Published: June 2019

Aims and Objectives:

Knee osteoarthritis is a major problem in the European population from a medical as well as from an economical point of view. Surgical treatment implicates a long absence from work. Alternative treatments postponing major surgery to the age of retirement from work would be beneficial. The aim of the study is to evaluate the therapeutic value of intraarticular ACP for this purpose.

Materials and Methods:

Patients with severe knee osteoarthritis qualifying for knee replacement but not yet ready for major surgery are treated by four intraarticular injections of ACP (double syringe system, Arthrex). Injections are performed once a week. Lequesne and VAS score before and four weeks after treatment are evaluated. Two years after treatment patients are contacted via telephone. Those not having had a knee replacement or other major surgery in the meantime and not requiring pain killers in daily living are considered as mid term success.

Results:

As far 164 patients were treated, 69 men and 95 women aged 64.0 +/- 10.8 years. 23 (14.0%) showed no effect. Lequesne score was 11.6 +/- 3.4 before and 3.9 +/- 2.7 (p<0.001) after treatment. Regarding the Lequesne classes 105 patients were classified to the extremely severe and severe group before treatment whereas after treatment 149 patients were classified as mild or moderate (p<0.001). Consequently, the VAS score dropped from 6.4 +/- 1.9 before to 2.2 +/- 1.5 after treatment (p<0.001). Two years after treatment 139 patients were contacted (no one lost for follow up). 93(66.9%) of them being classified as mid term success (no knee replacement, no necessity of pain killers).

Conclusion:

Intraarticular ACP therapy shows excellent short term results reducing significantly the Lequesne score and class as well as the VAS pain score. Furthermore the majority of the patients does not require major surgery for another two years, thus often postponing the time of surgery to the age of retirement and avoiding higher costs from incapacity to work.
Influence of friction on knee internal rotation in patients with knee arthroplasties during activities of daily living
Authors: Komnik Igor , David Sina , Haberrer Christine , Weiss Stefan , Potthast Wolfgang
Published: June 2019

Aims and Objectives:

In recent decades, knee arthroplasty (KA) succeeded to improve patients’ clinical scores and gait patterns [1]. However, to date, studies primary focused on biomechanical analysis of level walking with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients. The investigation of neuromuscular more challenging activities of daily living (ADL) like stair climbing and especially ramp negotiation was partly neglected [2]. Furthermore, non-sagittal plane parameters have mostly not been considered, whereby the evaluation of e.g. transverse plane kinematics and kinetics may reveal potential differences between various endoprosthetic designs. Additionally, frictional forces transmit appreciable shear between the femoral component and the tibial polyethylene insert, potentially contributing to axial knee rotational constraints and implant loosening [3]. The aim of this study was to investigate transverse plane kinematics and kinetics in connection with the force of friction (FOF) during ADL in patients after TKA and unicondylar knee arthroplasty (UKA) surgery.

Materials and Methods:

- Motion analysis was performed using a ten-camera 3D- motion capture system (100 Hz, Vicon). - Ground reaction forces were measured utilizing in a total five force plates (1000 Hz, Kistler) - Kinematics and inverse dynamics were calculated with AnyBody Modeling SystemTM (AnyBody Technology). - FOF was estimated of the two articulating artificial surfaces (#CHR: mu_LOWER# =0.12) compared with the cartilage on cartilage friction (#CHR: mu_LOWER# =0.01). The Coulomb model of friction was applied to calculate FOF (Ff=Fn* #CHR: mu_LOWER#). - Completed ADL: level and decline walking, stair descent. - Participants: TKA (n=11), UKA (n=13), controls (CG, n=13). - Statistics: Statistical non-Parametric Mapping (SnPM).

Results:

No statistically significant differences were detected between the TKA and UKA group, regardless of the locomotion task. Each motor task revealed impaired knee internal rotation angles in the TKA group compared with the CG (Fig. 1, a-c). Fig. 1 (d) clarifies the determining role of the coefficient of friction regarding FOF which showed the highest values during stair ascent and decline walking in all groups. Interestingly, the mentioned tasks exposed lower knee internal moment time series compared with level walking. Lower internal rotation moments might contribute in connection with high friction to the constraint knee internal rotation motion, particularly during ADL including greater normal force values, such as stair climbing and ramp negotiation.

Conclusion:

Apart from implant congruency in the TKA group, FOF could represent a mechanical resistance, which contributes to the impaired knee motion in the transverse plane.

References

Smith A, et al., J Orthop Res. 22:260-266, 2004. Komnik I, et al., Gait Posture. 41:370-377, 2015. Wolterbeek N, et al., Gait Posture. 36:394-398, 2012
New trochlea - old patella. Do both fit together?
Authors: Balcarek Peter , Zimmermann Felix
Published: June 2019

Aims and Objectives:

Trochlear dysplasia has been established as the most common and impactful predisposing factor of lateral patellar dislocation (LPD). In addition, a clear correlation between trochlear dysplasia and the development of cartilage defects and osteoarthritis in the patellofemoral joint has been established. Though current literature increasingly supports trochleoplasty procedures for the treatment of LPD only few data evaluated the actual improvements of the cartilaginous patella-trochlea congruence after deepening trochleoplasty procedure. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the patella-trochlea congruence before and after a deepening trochleaplasty and medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction in severe trochlear dysplasia. The hypothesis was that the deepening trochleoplasty and MPFL reconstruction is able to correct patella-trochlea congruence to physiological parameters.

Materials and Methods:

The study group comprised 20 patients. All patients suffered recurrent LPD due to severe trochlear dysplasia and underwent a deepening ‘Bereiter’ trochleoplasty and MPFL reconstruction. Pre- and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) investigations were used to assess the patella-trochlea contact ratio, the posterior patellar edge - trochlea groove ratio, and the lateral patellar inclination angle (patellar tilt). Measurements were obtained using open-source PACS workstation software (OsiriX v. 5.8.5, Pixmeo SARL, CH1233 Bernex, Switzerland). All parameters were compared to a control group of 20 at random selected patients without any medical history related to the patellofemoral joint. A paired two-tailed t-test was used to test for differences between the pre- and postoperative measurements within the study group. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferoni post-test adjustment was used to test for differences between all measurement series. The level of significance was set at 0.05.

Results:

Preoperatively, all parameters of the study group were significantly different when compared to the control group. This meant a reduced patella-trochlea contact ratio (0.38 ± 0.13 vs. 0.67 ± 0.09; p<0.001), an increased patellar lateralization (0.81 ± 0.10 vs. 0.98 ± 0.03; p<0.001), and increased patellar tilt (27.1° ± 7.7° vs. 9.4° ± 5.7°; p<0.001). Postoperatively, all parameters showed a significant improvement. The patella-trochlea contact ratio increased to a mean of 0.65 ± 0.11 (p<0.0001), patellar lateralization improved to a mean posterior patellar edge - trochlea groove ratio of 0.94 ± 0.06 (<0.0001), and patellar tilt reduced to a mean of 15.05° ± 4.2° (p< 0.0001). All parameters reached normal values when compared to the control group (all p >0.05).

Conclusion:

Findings of this study indicate that in severe trochlear dysplasia deepening trochleoplasty and MPFL reconstruction is able to correct patellar alignment und patellar-trochlear congruence to normal values.
Effect of Meniscal Ramp Lesion Repair on Knee Kinematics, ACL In-Situ Forces and Bony Contact Forces – A Biomechanical Study
Authors: Pfeiffer Thomas , Naendrup Jan-Hendrik , Nagai Kanto , Novaretti Joao , Chan Calvin , Debski Richard , Musahl Volker
Published: June 2019

Aims and Objectives:

While recent studies showed that all inside meniscal ramp repair is able to restore knee kinematics, the effects of ramp repairs on ACL in-situ forces and bony contact forces is still unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the effect of ramp lesion repair on knee kinematics, the ACL-ISF and bony contact forces using a 6-degree-of-freedom (DOF) robotic testing system. It was hypothesized that ramp repair will restore kinematics, ACL-ISF and bony contact forces comparably to the forces of the intact knee.

Materials and Methods:

Nine fresh-frozen human cadaveric knee specimens were tested using a 6-degree-of-freedom robotic testing system (FRS2010) to continuously flex the knee from full extension to 90° and apply continuous loading conditions: 1) 90 N of anterior force, 2) 5 Nm of external rotation torque, 3) 134 N anterior force + 200 N compression force, 4) 4 Nm external rotation torque + 200 N compression force, 5) 4 Nm internal rotation torque + 200 N compression force. Loading conditions were applied to the intact knee, a knee with an arthroscopically induced 25 mm ramp lesion, and a knee with an all-inside repaired ramp lesion. ACL in-situ forces, medial compartment bony contact forces and lateral compartment bony contact forces were quantified. Repeated measure ANOVAs were performed to compare knee states at each flexion angle (p<0.05).

Results:

In response to all loading conditions, no differences with respect to kinematics, ACL in-situ forces, and bony contact forces between the intact state and the ramp lesion state were detected. However, compared to the intact state, ramp lesion repair significantly reduced anterior translation in flexion angles from full extension to 40° in response to 5 N anterior force (p < 0.05). In addition, a significant decrease in the ACL in-situ forces after ramp repair was detected only for higher flexion angles when 4 Nm external rotation torque combined with 200 N compression force (p < 0.05) and when 4 Nm internal rotation torque combined with 200 N compression force were applied (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

In this biomechanical study, ramp lesions did not significantly affect knee biomechanics. Care must be taken to avoid potential overconstraint when performing all-inside ramp lesion repairs. From biomechanical time-zero perspective, it is debatable if stable ramp lesions need to be addressed surgically. As stable ramp lesions do not significantly change knee biomechanics, the indications for ramp lesion repair may be limited.
Patients’ Expectations of osteotomies around the knee
Authors: Grünwald Leonard , Angele Peter , Dickschas Jörg , Schröter Steffen , Saier Tim
Published: June 2019

Aims and Objectives:

This multicentre study was conducted to investigate patients’ expectations on osteotomies around the knee in different health-related domains. It was hypothesized that these expectations are high, yet realistic.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 264 Patients (age 47y±11) were enrolled from March 2015 until May 2016 in seven specialised departments of orthopaedic surgery in Germany. Data was collected via a standardized questionnaire relating to the expected outcomes of osteotomies around the knee 24 h to 48 h prior to surgery. In addition, KOOS and selfefficacy were assessed.

Results:

According to the KOOS results all patients suffered from a burden due to their knee impairments; women suffered significantly more than men. All participants had high expectations in all domains concerning the surgical outcome. For patients who had a high work intensity the ability to keep stressful working postures was even more important than for the others (i.e. to kneel, to squat). Furthermore, a lower quality of life was associated with higher importance of improving the ability to walk, to achieve improvements in daily activities and social well-being.

Conclusion:

Patients’ expectations of osteotomies around the knee are high, and mostly outperform the average results reported in the literature. Detailed patient information giving an overview of the realistic results of osteotomies around the knee seems to be mandatory to prevent patients’ dissatisfaction.
Impact of Moderate Aerobic Training on Physical Capacities of Hypertensive Obese Elderly
Authors: Ramos Raphael Miranda , Coelho-Júnior Hélio José , Asano Ricardo Yukio , Prado Raul Cosme Ramos , Silveira Rodrigo , Urtado Christiano Bertoldo , de Lima Leonardo Coelho Rabello , Aguiar Samuel da Silva , Prestes Jonato , Medeiros Alexandre Igor Araripe , Rodrigues Bruno , de Oliveira Assumpção Claudio
Published: June 2019

The association of old age and chronic conditions, such as hypertension and obesity, can lead to larger decreases in the physical capacities of elderly, compared with their healthy counterparts. Physical exercise has been demonstrated to be efficient in postponing this phenomenon, mainly strength training. However, little is known about the effect of aerobic training on this condition. The aim of this work was to investigate the impact of 12 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic training on the physical capacities of hypertensive obese older women. Aerobic power, lower limb muscle power, upper limb muscle strength, endurance, and flexibility of 19 hypertensive obese elders were evaluated. Afterward, patients were blindly randomized into control group (CG) and exercise group (EG). EG underwent three sessions/week of 60 min of moderate-intensity aerobic training, during 12 weeks. EG showed increases in VO2max compared with CG ( p = .03) and increases in flexibility compared with basal moment (+21.6%; p = .01) after 12 weeks, whereas CG did not show any significant alterations. Moderate aerobic training is capable of inducing increases in maximal aerobic power and flexibility in hypertensive obese elderly. However, other essential physical capacities associated with independence in elderly people (i.e., muscle power and strength) were not responsive to this kind of protocol.
Mission in the New Testament, with Emphasis on Mark’s Gospel
Authors: Sewakpo Honore
Published: June 2019

Jesus Christ directly commanded the early church to carry the Gospel to other places. Literature on mission has focused largely on its role in Matthew, Luke-Acts, and John, with little attention paid to Mark and its contribution to Jesus’s mandate for mission. I examine Mark’s gospel to discover insights regarding how Jesus carried out his mission, discussing (1) Mark’s soteriological, cultural, and ecclesiological interpretations of mission; (2) the text’s approaches to mission as kērygma, diakonia, and koinōnia; and (3) its view of missions as both centrifugal and centripetal.
Microtubule glycylation promotes attachment of basal bodies to the cell cortex
Authors: Junker Anthony D. , Soh Adam W. J. , O'Toole Eileen T. , Meehl Janet B. , Guha Mayukh , Winey Mark , Honts Jerry E. , Gaertig Jacek , Pearson Chad G.
Published: June 2019

Motile cilia generate directed hydrodynamic flow that is important for the motility of cells and extracellular fluids. To optimize directed hydrodynamic flow, motile cilia are organized and oriented into a polarized array. Basal bodies (BBs) nucleate and position motile cilia at the cell cortex. Cytoplasmic BB-associated microtubules are conserved structures that extend from BBs. By using the ciliate, Tetrahymena thermophila, combined with EM-tomography and light microscopy, we show that BB-appendage microtubules assemble coincidently with new BB assembly and that they are attached to the cell cortex. These BB-appendage microtubules are specifically marked by post translational modifications of tubulin, including glycylation. Mutations that prevent glycylation shorten BB-appendage microtubules and disrupt BB positioning and cortical attachment. Consistent with the attachment of BB-appendage microtubules to the cell cortex to position BBs, mutations that disrupt the cellular cortical cytoskeleton disrupt the cortical attachment and positioning of BBs. In summary, BB-appendage microtubules promote the organization of ciliary arrays through attachment to the cell cortex.
Disability Benefits, Consumption Insurance, and Household Labor Supply
Authors: Autor David , Kostøl Andreas , Mogstad Magne , Setzler Bradley
Published: June 2019

There is no evaluation of the consequences of Disability Insurance (DI) receipt that captures the effects on households’ net income and consumption expenditure, family labor supply, or benefits from other programs. Combining detailed register data from Norway with an instrumental variables approach based on random assignment to appellant judges, we comprehensively assess how DI receipt affects these understudied outcomes. To consider the welfare implications of the findings from this instrumental variables approach, we estimate a dynamic model of household behavior that translates employment, reapplication, and savings decisions into revealed preferences for leisure and consumption. The model-based results suggest that on average, the willingness to pay for DI receipt is positive and sizable. Because spousal labor supply strongly buffers the household income and consumption effects of DI allowances, the estimated willingness to pay for DI receipt is smaller for married than single applicants. (JEL D12, D14, H55, I38, J14, J22)
Lessons learned from a public sector community-based distribution program for scaling up DMPA-SC contraceptive services in Nigeria
Authors: Schatzkin Eric , Afolabi Kayode , Adedeji Olanike , Kongnyuy Eugene , Shen Jennifer , Liu Jenny
Published: June 2019

Background: From August 2016 to December 2017, the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) in Nigeria, through three implementing partners, scaled up the public sector delivery of subcutaneous depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA-SC, brand name Sayana Press) across 10 states. The public sector program featured a proactive community-based distribution (CBD) model, led by community health extension workers (CHEWs) and supported by community health volunteers (CHVs).

Methods: We conducted monitoring and evaluation (M&E) alongside program implementation to understand the program’s reach, particularly in terms of clients served, and their proportions of new users of modern contraception and younger women. Key performance indicators (KPIs) were calculated from end-user data digitized from client registers. To evaluate performance trends over time and understand geographic variation, we analyzed quarterly data in Excel and Stata 15, and complemented these analyses with data from interviews conducted periodically with program staff and performance documentation submitted by implementing partners.

Results: The program reached 144,505 clients, of whom 88% (n=127,315) were women. Among women reached, 92% (n=116,614) chose DMPA-SC. The program reached a high percentage of new users of modern contraception: 80% (n=93,075) of DMPA-SC clients were new users, as were 80% (n=111,350) of overall clients. However, only 26% (n=36,313) of clients were under 25. From performance reports and interviews with program staff, many involved credited the CBD model with reaching a client base largely comprised of new users of modern contraception.

Conclusions: Our analysis of the Nigeria public sector DMPA-SC program suggests that the combination of DMPA-SC and proactive CBD may accelerate contraceptive uptake and reduce unmet need in Nigeria. While some strategies for increasing the cost-efficiency of the CBD emerged, future research on this delivery model should focus on key concerns about the modality’s sustainability.
Default Ambiguity: Credit Default Swaps Create New Systemic Risks in Financial Networks
Authors: Schuldenzucker Steffen , Seuken Sven , Battiston Stefano
Published: June 2019

We study financial networks and reveal a new kind of systemic risk arising from what we call default ambiguity—that is, a situation where it is impossible to decide which banks are in default. Specifically, we study the clearing problem: given a network of banks interconnected by financial contracts, determine which banks are in default and what percentage of their liabilities they can pay. Prior work has shown that when banks can only enter into debt contracts with each other, this problem always has a unique maximal solution. We first prove that when banks can also enter into credit default swaps (CDSs), the clearing problem may have no solution or multiple conflicting solutions, thus leading to default ambiguity. We then derive sufficient conditions on the network structure to eliminate these issues. Finally, we discuss policy implications for the CDS market.

This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Instantaneous Control of Brownian Motion with a Positive Lead Time
Authors: Xu Zhen , Zhang Jiheng , Zhang Rachel Q.
Published: June 2019

Consider a storage system where the content is driven by a Brownian motion in the absence of control. At any time, one may increase or decrease the content at a cost proportional to the amount of adjustment. A decrease of the content takes effect immediately, while an increase is realized after a fixed lead time [Formula: see text]. Holding costs are incurred continuously over time and are a convex function of the content. The objective is to find a control policy that minimizes the expected present value of the total costs. Because of the positive lead time for upward adjustments, one needs to keep track of all of the outstanding upward adjustments as well as the actual content at time [Formula: see text] as there may also be downward adjustments during [Formula: see text]—that is, the state of the system is a function on [Formula: see text]. We first extend the concept of [Formula: see text]-convexity to function spaces and establish the [Formula: see text]-convexity of the optimal cost function. We then derive various properties of the cost function and identify the structure of the optimal policy as a state-dependent two-sided reflection mapping making the minimum amount of adjustment necessary to keep the system states within a certain region.
Enteral feeding tubes: an overview of nursing care
Authors: Anderson Liz
Published: June 2019

This article provides a brief overview of the most common types of enteral feeding tubes, their placement and the problems that may be encountered in the care of patients with tubes in situ. It is important that nurses are aware of safety aspects around the insertion and maintenance of feeding tubes, and acquaint themselves with safety guidelines and local policies to ensure that patients do not come to any harm. They must also ensure that they have appropriate training to make certain that they are competent.
Policies and strategies to prevent patient falls in hospital
Authors: Glasper Alan
Published: June 2019

Emeritus Professor Alan Glasper, University of Southampton, discusses polices and strategies used by nurses to minimise patient falls in hospital
HEGEMONIA E QUESTÃO FEMININA EM ANTONIO GRAMSCI
Authors: Said Ana Maria
Published: June 2019

No contexto de crise de autoridade, como definia Antonio Gramsci, em que há um avanço da extrema direita em muitos e importantes países do mundo, se instala a questão das minorias, dos preconceitos e das discriminações, da violência sobre elas, como manifestação do comportamento retrógrado e conservador da sociedade individualista e de massas. Para Gramsci, a luta política pela hegemonia no capitalismo contemporâneo é empreendida nasociedade civil, como base para as lutas contra a opressão. É no terreno político-econômico que a superação da condição de subalternidade das minorias se coloca. E a questão feminina está incluída nesse contexto. A reforma intelectual e moral seria a estratégia para que essa superação fosse possível. As mudanças na vida material contemporâneas impulsionam as conquistas femininas e sua afirmação como sujeito histórico, possibilitando uma inserção social e econômica. Mas, como todas as minorias, suas lutas específicas devem estar embasadas pela organização de classes. Gramsci nunca se ocupou especificamente sobre a “questão feminina”. É provável que se possa entender o papel da mulher na sociedade, para Gramsci, ao pensá-la a partir do conceito de “hegemonia” e sua definição de subalternidade e de sua superação. É a análise que pretendemos desenvolver nesse texto.
Life cycle assessment of liquid inverted sugar and high-fructose corn syrup
Authors: Kis Ferenc , Maravić Nikola , Kertesz Szabolcs , Šereš Zita Istvan
Published: June 2019

The aim of this study is to compare the environmental impact of liquid inverted sugar (77°Bx) produced with enzymatic hydrolysis of beet sugar and HFCS (75% DM) produced from corn in a wet milling process. Given the different sweetness equivalents of liquid inverted sugar (77°Bx) and HFCS (75% DM), the reference flows were defined as 900 kg of liquid inverted sugar or 1000 kg HFCS. The analysis was performed with the life cycle assessment (LCA) method focusing on the cradle-to-gate stage. The inventory data of liquid inverted sugar processing were supplied by a producer while the LCA of HFCS relies on secondary data (literature) which describes the material and energy flows associated with glucose production. Life cycle inventory of relevant inputs and outputs were available from the Ecoinvent 3.4 database. Environmental impacts were calculated with the ReCiPe 2016 (H) life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) method. LCA results have revealed that inverted liquid sugar has a lower impact in 14 out of the 18 analysed impact categories. Consumption of inverted liquid sugar (>77°Bx) instead of HFCS (75% DM) could lead to significant reduction in GHG emissions (by 38%), fossil energy (by 31%) and water (by 95%) consumption, and reduces the required land area by 67%.