bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Curcumin Microemulsions: Influence of Compositions on the Dermal Penetration Efficacy
Authors: Alkhaldi Muzn , Sengupta Soma , Keck Cornelia M.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objective: This study provided a comparison of the influence of each component of the microemulsion formulation and investigated the impact of varying concentrations of the microemulsion components on curcumin’s ability to penetrate the skin using an ex vivo porcine ear model. Methods: Curcumin microemulsions with different compositions were prepared and analyzed for their physicochemical properties. The dermal penetration efficacy of curcumin was evaluated from the different formulations and compared with non-microemulsion formulations. Results: Findings proved that microemulsion formulations improve the dermal penetration efficacy for curcumin when compared with non-microemulsion formulations. The composition of the microemulsion affects the penetration efficacy of curcumin and increases with decreasing oil content and increasing surfactant and water content. The best penetration for curcumin is achieved with a microemulsion that contained 7.7 g of medium-chain triglycerides as the oil phase, 6.92 g of Tween® 80 and 62.28 g of ethanol as the surfactant mixture, and 23.1 g water. Conclusions: The present study provides a foundational basis for further development of different microemulsion formulations for enhancing the dermal penetration of poorly water-soluble active compounds.
Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of Optical Frequency Combs Synchronized to a Microwave Reference Achieving 10−19-Level Additional Stability
Authors: Chen Xin , Li Mingkun , Rao Bingjie , Yang Xiguang , Hu Zhenyuan , Dong Ruifang , Zhang Shougang , Zhang Pan
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a combined theoretical and experimental method for noise suppression in the repetition frequency (fr) locking of erbium-doped fiber optical frequency combs (OFCs). This study proposed a novel mathematical model to bridge the noise relationship of fr between the free-running and locked modes, and analyzed this relationship from two perspectives: the additional phase noise and the frequency stability. In addition, to integrate theoretical modeling with experimental validation, this study designed fr locking strategy that uses a phase-locked loop (PLL) with PFD + PIID (a phase frequency detector and a proportional, first-order integer, second-order integer, first-order differential controller). Under synchronization of the fr with a microwave reference (REF), this study achieved OFC additional frequency stabilities of 2.81 × 10−15@1 s and 8.08 × 10−19@10,000 s at 200 MHz fundamental frequency locking and 4.25 × 10−16@1 s and 1.91 × 10−19@10,000 s at 1200 MHz harmonic locking. The simulated and experimental results are in good agreement, confirming the consistency of the theoretical model and experiment. This work provides a reliable theoretical model that can be used to predict stability for OFC locking and significantly improves the additional frequency stability of OFCs.
Eco-Friendly Biocomposites from Chestnut Waste: Production, Optimization, Characterization, and Application
Authors: Silva Simão B. , Freitas Olga M. , Vieira Elsa F. , Gomes Amália , Carreiras Ana R. , Moreira Diogo C. , Esfandiari Púria , Silva João F. , Delerue-Matos Cristina , Domingues Valentina F.
Published: February 2025

This study explores the valorization of non-commercial chestnut waste from the Portuguese chestnut industry to develop biocomposites. The composites were obtained by hot compression molding, and a Box–Behnken Design model was employed to optimize the mechanical, thermal, and water resistance properties of the chestnut-based composite, using fruit and shell fibers, respectively, as the polymeric matrix and reinforcement agent. The optimal formulation, comprising 70% chestnut, no glycerol, a molding temperature of 120 °C, and applying a pressure of 2.93 MPa for 30 min, achieved a Flexural Strength of 9.00 MPa and a Flexural Modulus of 950 MPa. To enhance water resistance, shellac was added as a natural hydrophobic coating. Water interaction tests indicated that shellac-treated biocomposites exhibited superior water resistance, absorbing approximately two times less water than those containing glycerol or untreated samples. Thermal analysis revealed that glycerol acted as a plasticizer, improving flexibility and reducing the glass transition temperature. Additionally, the chestnut-based biocomposite demonstrated an out-of-plane thermal conductivity of 0.79 W/m·K, categorizing it as a thermal insulator. The final prototype application was a candle holder, showcasing the potential for the practical and sustainable use of chestnut-based composite. This research highlights the potential for chestnut waste to be repurposed into eco-friendly products, offering an alternative to conventional plastics and contributing to a circular economy.
Rheological Properties of Polyethylene Color Masterbatches Containing Pigment RED 122 (2,9-Dimethylquinacridone) Modified by Silanes Using Pulverization Method
Authors: Kozłowska Magdalena , Lipińska Magdalena , Okraska Michał
Published: February 2025

Polyethylene color masterbatches containing pigment RED 122, 2,9-dimethylquinacridone, ((2,9-dimethyl-5,12-dihydroquinolino[2,3-b]acridine-7,14-dione) modified by the pulverization method in ball mills were obtained. As pigment-modifying agents, isobutyltrimethoxysilane IBTMS and octyltrietoxysilane OTES were used. The viscoelastic properties of the prepared masterbatches were investigated by using an oscillation rotational rheometer. The impact of the 2 wt.% of coloring masterbatch on the rheological behavior of polyethylene during processing at 170 °C was analyzed. Storage shear modulus G′, loss shear modulus G″, complex viscosity η* and loss factor tan δ were analyzed. Modification prevents the agglomeration of modified pigment particles in the masterbatch, leading to a significant increase in the storage shear modulus G′, from 13.83 kPa (masterbatch containing pigment RED 122) to 58.74 kPa (pigment modified with 2 wt.% of IBTMS) and 49.67 kPa (pigment modified with 2 wt.% of OTES). The analysis of the continuous relaxation models showed that the modified pigment influenced the relaxation of melted polyethylene. The tendency of the silane-modified pigment to create its “own structure” in the polyethylene carrier via particle–particle interactions was estimated based on rotational tests at low and high shear rates. The larger area of viscosity loops was determined at 170 °C for the masterbatch containing 1 wt.% of OTES-modified pigment, 2574.44 Pas(1/s), as compared with the reference masterbatch, 464.88 Pas(1/s). The Carreau and Carreau–Yasuda viscosity models were applied to analyze the flow curve and the changes in viscosity as a function of the shear rate. After pigment modification, the zero shear viscosity µ0 of the mixtures of polyethylene/pigment masterbatch changed from 234.9 Pas (pigment RED 122) to 305.9 Pas (pigment modified with 1 wt.% of IBTMS). The influence of the modified pigments on the crystallization of polyethylene and its thermal stability was investigated. The temperatures of melting Tm were determined.
A Study on the Failure Characteristics of Coal–Rock Structures with Different Bursting Liabilities
Authors: Li Hongyan , He Shi , Mo Yunlong , Sun Zhongxue , Li Lei
Published: February 2025

Research on the deformation and failure behavior of coal is a key scientific issue in the study of coal–rock dynamic disaster prevention technology. It is a critical means to grasp the structural effect of coal–rock deformation and failure behavior to explore the effects of fracture structure on coal–rock deformation and failure behavior. Our experiment on the failure characteristics of coal–rock and the evolution of deformation–fracture structures before the peak stress of coal–rock primarily investigates the influence of fracture structures on its deformation and failure behavior under loading, with a focus on analyzing the size of the primary fractures. The results indicate that the influence of the primary fracture structure on the physical and mechanical properties of coal–rock varies, and the sensitivity of different properties to these structures also differs. Compared to coal–rock without outburst proneness, the fracture structure evolution of coal–rock with strong outburst proneness before failure is more intense and exhibits significant geometric nonlinearity. The size of the fracture that plays the main role in the pre-peak deformation of coal–rock with strong outburst proneness is about one-third of the size of the specimen, and it is about one-fifth of the size of the specimen for coal–rock without outburst proneness. The fracture structure affects the whole deformation process before the failure of coal–rock with strong outburst proneness, but its influence on coal–rock without outburst proneness is gradually reduced with the loading.
Optimising Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Rosmarinic Acid from Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Enhancing Yield Through Soxhlet Coupling
Authors: Boufetacha Meryem , Gharibi Elkhadir , Benali Mohammed
Published: February 2025

Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a bioactive phenolic compound prevalent in various medicinal plants, renowned for its significant pharmacological properties. This study aims to optimise the extraction conditions of this compound from Rosmarinus officinalis L. using the response surface methodology (RSM) with a three-variable, three-level Box–Behnken design. Optimising the parameters for supercritical CO2 (scCO2) extraction focused on pressure (150 to 350 bar), temperature (40 to 80 °C), and co-solvent weight percentage (5 to 15% ethanol), evaluating their impact on overall yield and RA content. The optimal conditions determined were a pressure of 150 bar, a temperature of 80 °C, and 15% ethanol, yielding a total extract of 21.86 ± 1.55%, with an RA content of 3.43 ± 0.13 mg/g dry matter (DM). Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the scCO2 treatment induced microcracks on the surface of the rosemary powder, enhancing the fluid’s ability to penetrate the plant matrix. By employing the combined scCO2-Soxhlet method, the RA content increased to 5.78 mg/g DM. Furthermore, the final extract obtained using the Soxhlet post-scCO2 treatment contained only trace amounts of carnosic acid (0.38 ± 0.10 mg/g DM) and carnosol (0.38 ± 0.20 mg/g DM), compared to the crude extract obtained solely with Soxhlet, which exhibited significantly higher concentrations of 8.45 ± 2.98 mg/g DM of carnosol and 16.67 ± 0.94 mg/g DM of carnosic acid. This work highlighted an innovative extraction strategy based on the coupling of scCO2 and Soxhlet, which significantly increased RA content while reducing concentrations of other compounds such as CA and CAR. This approach makes it possible to produce RA-enriched extracts, offering considerable potential for future large-scale applications and commercialisation.
Advancing Stem Volume Estimation Using Multi-Platform LiDAR and Taper Model Integration for Precision Forestry
Authors: Lee Yongkyu , Lee Jungsoo
Published: February 2025

Stem volume is a critical factor in managing and evaluating forest resources. At present, stem volume is commonly estimated indirectly by constructing a taper model that utilizes sampling, diameter at breast height (DBH), and tree height. However, these estimates are constrained by errors arising from spatial and stand environment variations as well as uncertainties in height measurements. To address these issues, this study aimed to accurately estimate stem volume using light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology, a key tool in modern precision forestry. LiDAR data were used to build comprehensive three-dimensional models of forests with multi-platform LiDAR systems. This approach allowed for precise measurements of tree heights and stem diameters at various heights, effectively mitigating the limitations of earlier measurement methods. Based on these data, a Kozak taper curve was developed at the individual tree level using LiDAR-derived tree height and diameter estimates. Integrating this curve with LiDAR data enabled a hybrid approach to estimating stem volume, facilitating the calculation of diameters at points not directly identifiable from LiDAR data alone. The proposed method was implemented and evaluated for two economically significant tree species in Korea: Pinus koraiensis and Larix kaempferi. The RMSE comparison between the taper curve-based approach and the hybrid volume estimation method showed that, for Pinus koraiensis, the RMSE was 0.11 m3 using the taper curve-based approach and 0.07 m3 for the hybrid method, while for Larix kaempferi, the RMSE was 0.13 m3 and 0.05 m3, respectively. The estimation error of the hybrid method was approximately half that of the taper curve-based approach. Consequently, the hybrid volume estimation method, which integrates LiDAR and the taper model, overcomes the limitations of conventional taper curve-based approaches and contributes to improving the accuracy of forest resource monitoring.
Multi-Type Change Detection and Distinction of Cultivated Land Parcels in High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images Based on Segment Anything Model
Authors: Huang Zhongxin , Yang Xiaomei , Liu Yueming , Wang Zhihua , Ma Yonggang , Jing Haitao , Liu Xiaoliang
Published: February 2025

Change detection of cultivated land parcels is critical for achieving refined management of farmland. However, existing change detection methods based on high-resolution remote sensing imagery focus primarily on cultivation type changes, neglecting the importance of detecting parcel pattern changes. To address the issue of detecting diverse types of changes in cultivated land parcels, this study constructs an automated workflow framework for change detection, based on the unsupervised segmentation method of the SAM (Segment Anything Model). By performing spatial connection analysis on cultivated land parcel units extracted by the SAM for two phases and combining multiple features such as texture features (GLCM), multi-scale structural similarity (MS-SSIM), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), precise identification of cultivation type and pattern change areas was achieved. The study results show that the proposed method achieved the highest accuracy in detecting parcel pattern changes in plain areas (precision: 78.79%, recall: 79.45%, IOU: 78.44%), confirming the effectiveness of the proposed method. This study provides an efficient and low-cost detection and distinction method for analyzing changes in cultivated land patterns and types using high-resolution remote sensing images, which can be directly applied in real-world scenarios. The method significantly enhances the automation and timeliness of parcel unit change detection, offering important applications for advancing precision agriculture and sustainable land resource management.
Climatology of Midlatitude Mesospheric Zonal and Meridional Winds Observed by the Wuhan and Beijing MST Radars
Authors: Zhang Weifan , Lu Xun , Chen Gang , Gong Wanlin , Chang Li
Published: February 2025

Based on long-term observations from Wuhan and Beijing MST (Mesosphere-Stratosphere-Troposphere) radars, we analyzed the climatological properties of mid-latitude mesospheric winds and evaluated them against the Horizontal Wind Model (HWM14). Measurements of zonal and meridional winds were collected from 2012 to 2021 using these two MST radars. The seasonal daily and monthly variations and periodic oscillations in mesospheric zonal and meridional winds are presented. Monthly mean and seasonal zonal winds recorded by two MST radars have similar height-time distributions to the HWM14. However, there are differences in zonal wind speeds, especially between summer and winter measurements and HWM14. The agreement between model results and actual radar measurements is poorer for meridional winds than for zonal winds. Through harmonic analysis, it is revealed that the zonal and meridional winds display significant Annual Oscillation (AO) between 65 and 85 km, while Semi-Annual Oscillation (SAO) is not readily apparent. It is found that there is no significant correlation between solar activity and the wind variations or data acquisition rate from MST radar. Overall, these studies help us better understand atmospheric changes in the mesosphere and provide ground observation references for models.
Transferable Contextual Network for Rural Road Extraction from UAV-Based Remote Sensing Images
Authors: Wang Jian , Wang Renlong , Liu Yahui , Zhang Fei , Cheng Ting
Published: February 2025

Road extraction from UAV-based remote sensing images in rural areas presents significant challenges due to the diverse and complex characteristics of rural roads. Additionally, acquiring UAV remote sensing data for rural areas is challenging due to the high cost of equipment, the lack of clear road boundaries requiring extensive manual annotation, and limited regional policy support for UAV operations. To address these challenges, we propose a transferable contextual network (TCNet), designed to enhance the transferability and accuracy of rural road extraction. We employ a Stable Diffusion model for data augmentation, generating diverse training samples and providing a new method for acquiring remote sensing images. TCNet integrates the clustered contextual Transformer (CCT) module, clustered cross-attention (CCA) module, and CBAM attention mechanism to ensure efficient model transferability across different geographical and climatic conditions. Moreover, we design a new loss function, the Dice-BCE-Lovasz loss (DBL loss), to accelerate convergence and improve segmentation performance in handling imbalanced data. Experimental results demonstrate that TCNet, with only 23.67 M parameters, performs excellently on the DeepGlobe and road datasets and shows outstanding transferability in zero-shot testing on rural remote sensing data. TCNet performs well on segmentation tasks without any fine-tuning for regions such as Burgundy, France, and Yunnan, China.
Hybrid CNN-GRU Models for Improved EEG Motor Imagery Classification
Authors: Bouchane Mouna , Guo Wei , Yang Shuojin
Published: February 2025

Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) based on electroencephalography (EEG) enable neural activity interpretation for device control, with motor imagery (MI) serving as a key paradigm for decoding imagined movements. Efficient feature extraction from raw EEG signals is essential to improve classification accuracy while minimizing reliance on extensive preprocessing. In this study, we introduce new hybrid architectures to enhance MI classification using data augmentation and a limited number of EEG channels. The first model combines a shallow convolutional neural network and a gated recurrent unit (CNN-GRU), while the second incorporates a convolutional neural network with a bidirectional gated recurrent unit (CNN-Bi-GRU). Evaluated using the publicly available PhysioNet dataset, the CNN-GRU classifier achieved peak mean accuracy rates of 99.71%, 99.73%, 99.61%, and 99.86% for tasks involving left fist (LF), right fist (RF), both fists (LRF), and both feet (BF), respectively. The experimental results provide compelling evidence that our proposed models outperform current state-of-the-art methods, underscoring their efficiency on small-scale EEG datasets. The CNN-GRU and CNN-Bi-GRU architectures exhibit superior predictive reliability, offering a faster, cost-effective solution for user-adaptable MI-BCI applications.
Lossless and Near-Lossless L-Infinite Compression of Depth Video Data
Authors: Tahouri Mohammad Ali , Alecu Alin Adrian , Denis Leon , Munteanu Adrian
Published: February 2025

The acquisition of depth information sensorial data is critically important in medical applications, such as the monitoring of the elderly or the extraction of human biometrics. In such applications, compressing the stream of depth video data plays an important role due to bandwidth constraints on transmission channels. This paper introduces a novel lightweight compression system that encodes the semantics of the input depth video and can operate in both lossless and L-infinite near-lossless compression modes. A quantization technique that targets the L-infinite norm for sparse distributions and a new L-infinite compression method that sets bounds on the quantization error is proposed. The proposed codec enables the control of the coding error on every pixel in the input video data, which is crucial in medical applications. Experimental results show an average improvement of 45% and 17% in lossless mode compared to standalone JPEG-LS and CALIC codecs, respectively. Furthermore, in near-lossless mode, the proposed codec achieves superior rate-distortion performance and reduced maximum error per frame compared to HEVC. Additionally, the proposed lightweight codec is designed to perform efficiently in real time when deployed on an embedded depth-camera platform.
Research on Water Quality Chemical Oxygen Demand Detection Using Laser-Induced Fluorescence Image Processing
Authors: Guo Ying , Tian Zhaoshuo , Bi Zongjie , Che Xiaohua , Yin Songlin
Published: February 2025

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) serves as a crucial metric for assessing the extent of water pollution attributable to organic substances. This study introduces an innovative approach for the detection of low-concentration COD in aqueous environments through the application of Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) image processing. The technique employs an image sensor to capture fluorescence image data generated by organic compounds in water when excited by ultraviolet laser radiation. Subsequently, the COD value, indicative of the concentration of organic matter in the water, is derived via image processing techniques. Utilizing this methodology, an LIF image processing COD detection system has been developed. The system is primarily composed of a CMOS image sensor, an STM32 microprocessor, a laser emission module, and a display module. In this study, the system was employed to detect mixed solutions of sodium humate and glucose at varying concentrations, resulting in the acquisition of corresponding fluorescence images. By isolating color channels and processing the image data features, variations in RGB color characteristics were analyzed. The Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) analysis method was utilized to develop a predictive model for COD concentration values based on the average RGB color feature values from the characteristic regions of the fluorescence images. Within the COD concentration range of 0–12 mg/L, the system demonstrated a detection relative error of less than 10%. In summary, the system designed in this research, utilizing the LIF image processing method, exhibits high sensitivity, robust stability, miniaturization, and non-contact detection capabilities for low-concentration COD measurement. It is well-suited for rapid, real-time online water quality monitoring.
Sudden Incapacitation Due to Cardiovascular Disease in Elderly Pilots: Lessons Learned from Two Fatal Accidents of Elderly General Aviation Pilots in Finland
Authors: Vuorio Alpo , Kotiranta Janne , Aaltonen Ismo , Posio Juho , Bieber Tiina , Budowle Bruce
Published: February 2025

Investigations of aviation accidents are based on provisions of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Annex 13 agreement. A safety recommendation may be addressed to international aviation organizations, such as the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and the ICAO, by the Accident Investigation Agency of any country, following a safety investigation into an occurrence. This process also promotes learning from smaller aviation accidents internationally. This article highlights two relatively small aviation accidents in Finland from 2016 and 2021, respectively, both of which fall under general aviation and have led to significant aeromedical safety recommendations for the EASA and the ICAO. In the 2016 accident, a general aviation pilot, who had previously suffered heart attacks, suffered another heart attack and died shortly after landing. This incident led to a recommendation issued to EASA calling for additional training of aeromedical officers in aeromedical risk assessment on pre-existing health conditions. The 2021 accident involved an elderly general aviation pilot who became incapacitated due to health issues. The recommendations resulting from this investigation were brought further to the ICAO and EASA in order for them to emphasize the importance of the age of a pilot in current aviation health assessment guidelines.
The Hidden Effects of Lockdown on Child Health: Evidence from Madrid’s ASOMAD Study
Authors: Portals-Riomao Alicia , Nehari Asmaa , González-Gross Marcela , Quesada-González Carlos , Gesteiro Eva , Zapico Augusto G.
Published: February 2025

COVID-19-related restrictions disrupted children’s lifestyle habits, leading to significant changes in health behaviours. The ASOMAD study aimed to analyse the consequences of these restriction in lifestyle habits of children aged 8–12 in Madrid over three waves (three academic years). The results showed that approximately 20% of boys were overweight during and after the pandemic, with similar trends observed in girls (14.7% and 18.2%, respectively). Obesity rates for boys were high in the first wave (20.1%) but dropped to less than 10% in subsequent waves, while girls’ rates remained stable. Physical activity levels decreased significantly, with 87.6% of girls failing to meet daily activity recommendations by the third wave. Boys exhibited worse adherence to recommended screen time limits than girls, particularly on weekends, where over 90% of boys exceeded guidelines. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet remained low, with over 50% of the sample categorized in medium- or low-adherence groups across all waves. In conclusion, lockdown may have increased sedentary behaviour, poor diet, and excessive screen time in children. The damage persistency, due to mobility restriction, affected some of the healthy lifestyle variables in our sample three years after.
Advancing Sustainability in Turkish Hospitality Sector: The Interplay Between Green HRM, Eco-Friendly Behaviors, and Organizational Support
Authors: Hawela Mohamed , Bayraktar Osman , Karabulut A. Tuğba , Sarı Burçak , Alqahtani Munirah Sarhan
Published: February 2025

This study critically examines the mediating role of employees’ eco-friendly behavior (EFB) and the moderating role of green organizational support (GOS) within the relationship between green human resource management (GHRM) and environmental performance (EP) in Turkey’s hospitality sector. As the global hospitality industry grapples with its significant environmental footprint, this research addresses an acute need for empirically grounded insights into how organizational strategies and employee behaviors can be leveraged to achieve sustainability objectives. The study draws on primary data collected from 346 employees across multiple five-star hotels in Turkey. Data collection was facilitated through structured surveys, and analysis employed confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Results provide evidence for EFB’s mediating role and GOS’s moderating effects. Findings underscore the need for comprehensive GHRM strategies synergized with robust GOS systems to foster employee commitment to sustainability goals.
The Role of Social Media in Green Marketing: How Eco-Friendly Content Influences Brand Attitude and Consumer Engagement
Authors: Nabivi Elnur
Published: February 2025

As environmental issues become increasingly important to consumers, integrating green marketing strategies into corporate promotional efforts is essential. However, limited research has examined cultural differences in consumer responses to green marketing content. This study addresses this gap by exploring how eco-friendly social media posts influence consumer perceptions and behaviors, specifically regarding informativeness, entertainment, perceived relevance, brand attitude, purchase intention, and word of mouth (WOM). This research employs an experimental study with a sample of 2035 participants from Poland and the United States to examine cross-cultural differences in responses to green marketing content. The findings revealed that eco-friendly posts significantly enhance informativeness, entertainment, and relevance, leading to higher levels of brand attitude, purchase intention, and WOM compared to non-green content. Furthermore, the effects of eco-friendly messaging on consumer engagement differ between Polish and US participants, underscoring the importance of culturally tailored green marketing strategies. These results provide valuable insights for marketers aiming to develop effective and culturally responsive sustainable marketing campaigns that resonate with diverse consumer groups. This study extends the green marketing literature by examining how informativeness, entertainment, and perceived relevance affect consumer behavioral intentions, such as purchase intention and WOM.
Impact of Green Technology Transmission on Sustainable Development
Authors: Rahman Shamima , Ahsan Ali , Sharma Ritu
Published: February 2025

Green Technology Transmission (GTT) offers a powerful framework for addressing global environmental challenges and advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). While GTT has the potential to contribute to multiple SDGs, this study specifically examines its role in supporting SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), and SDG 13 (Climate Action). Conducted within the Australian industrial context, this research employs a qualitative-dominant mixed-methods approach to explore the environmental, economic, and social impacts of GTT. By examining organisational barriers and proposing practical, industry-specific strategies, the research offers actionable solutions to align practises with sustainability goals. This study explores GTT’s role in reducing emissions, improving resource efficiency, and fostering social equity, with leadership and stakeholder collaboration emerging as key enablers. The findings demonstrate how GTT serves as a bridge between policy and practice, empowering high-emission industries to adopt sustainable practises and contribute meaningfully to global sustainability efforts.
Einstein Doubly Warped Product Poisson Manifolds
Authors: Aloui Foued , Al-Dayel Ibrahim
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we study Einstein doubly warped product Poisson manifolds. First, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions for a doubly warped product manifold (M=Bf×bF,g,Π), equipped with a Poisson structure Π to be a contravariant Einstein manifold. Additionally, under certain conditions on the base space B, we prove that if M is an Einstein doubly warped product Poisson manifold with non-positive scalar curvature, then M is simply a singly warped product Poisson manifold. We also investigate the existence and non-existence of the warping function on the base space B associated with constant scalar curvature on M, assuming that the fiber space F has constant scalar curvature.
Occurrence of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural, Acrylamide, 3-Monochloro-1,2-Propanoldiol and Melamine in Infant Formulas: What Do We Know About These Compounds?
Authors: Méndez-Alvarado Xóchitl Yanine , González-Tello María Magdalena Eréndira , Chávez-Servín Jorge Luis , de la Torre-Carbot Karina , García-Gasca Teresa , Rangel-Peniche Diana Beatriz , Ferriz-Martínez Roberto Augusto
Published: February 2025

In the manufacture of infant formulas, from raw materials to the final product, the ingredients are subject to high temperatures which favor the formation of undesirable compounds, some of them from the Maillard reaction, such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and acrylamide, and others from thermal processing, such as the compound 3-monochloro-1,2-propanoldiol (3-MCPD). Finally, there is also a risk that the product may be adulterated with undesirable components such as melamine and cyanuric acid. Due to the vulnerability of infants during the first stage of life, this review answers the main question: How much of these undesirable compounds are present in commercial infant formulas, and what do we know about them? Accordingly, the review is divided into three sections: (1) Maillard reaction products (HMF and acrylamide), (2) products contained in vegetable oils (3-MCPD), and (3) fraudulent and/or adulterant compounds (melamine and cyanuric acid). The objective is to report on the occurrence of HMF, acrylamide, 3-MCPD, melamine, and cyanuric acid in infant formulas in order to support more solid public health policies related to infant feeding. These undesirable compounds represent a risk to infants, possibly contributing to kidney and neurological damage and causing mutations that increase the development of childhood cancer. Therefore, it is necessary to promote breastfeeding and establish stricter controls, with scientific evidence on the effects of HMF, acrylamide, 3-MCPD, melamine, and cyanuric acid in infant formulas to reduce their short- and long-term effects on infants’ health.
Assessing the Use of Alternative Soil Data in Hydrological and Water Quality Modeling with SWAT+: SSURGO and POLARIS at Sub-Basin and Field Scales
Authors: Noa-Yarasca Efrain , Osorio Leyton Javier M. , White Michael J. , Gao Jungang , Arnold Jeffrey G.
Published: February 2025

The accuracy of soil databases is essential in hydrological modeling, yet limited studies have evaluated the implications of using emerging soil datasets like POLARIS compared to traditional ones such as SSURGO. This study evaluates the performance of POLARIS soil data for simulating the streamflow and sediment yield at both the sub-basin and field scales within the Big Muddy Watershed (BMW), Illinois, U.S.A., using a soft-calibrated SWAT+ model. The field-scale analysis focused on cropland-dominated HRUs from two sub-basins with contrasting POLARIS-SSURGO similarities at the sub-basin scale, optimizing computational efficiency. POLARIS results were compared to those derived from the widely used SSURGO soil database using a soft-calibrated SWAT+ model. At the sub-basin scale, the two datasets showed strong overall agreement for the streamflow and sediment yield over the 81 BMW sub-basins, with minor discrepancies, especially in sediment yield predictions, which exhibited more variability. At the field scale, the agreement between POLARIS and SSURGO was good for both variables, streamflow and sediment yield, though the sediment yield showed greater variability as shown at the sub-basin level. At both scales, the POLARIS and SSURGO outcomes for the streamflow and sediment yield did not always follow the same trend, with discrepancies observed in some sub-basins and HRUs. This suggested that while POLARIS can replicate SSURGO’s streamflow outcomes, this similarity does not always extend to sediment yield predictions and vice versa. At the sub-basin scale, the POLARIS and SSURGO outcomes showed strong alignment (88.9% in “very good” agreement). However, at the field scale, this alignment decreased to 42.9% and 33.3% in specific sub-basins. This indicates that sub-basin aggregation reduces local variability, while finer scales reveal greater sensitivity to soil and hydrological differences. This study highlights POLARIS as a robust alternative to SSURGO for hydrological modeling. Future research should explore its broader application across diverse conditions.
When Technology Meets Sustainability: Microplastic Removal from Industrial Wastewater, Including Impact Analysis and Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Puhar Jan , Sturm Michael Toni , Myers Erika , Schober Dennis , Korzin Anika , Vujanović Annamaria , Schuhen Katrin
Published: February 2025

Microplastics (MPs) that are ubiquitous in aquatic environments and industrial wastewater streams have been identified as key hotspots of MP contamination. It is significantly more effective to remove MPs at these points before they enter municipal wastewater streams. This study is an environmental assessment of a novel pilot plant for the removal of MPs and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) from wastewater with a high MP contamination from a plastics manufacturer in Germany. MP removal is based on physical–chemical agglomeration–fixation by organosilanes. Formed agglomerates are separated using a belt filter. The COD is removed by an adsorption process. The resulting MP removal was 98.0 ± 1.1% by mass and 99.9987 ± 0.0007% by particle count, while the COD was reduced by 96 ± 2.7%. The system’s sustainability is evaluated using the Life Cycle Assessment methodology, evaluating system construction, operation, and end-of-life considerations. The current pilot plant is also compared to an optimized circular and sustainable upgrade, where drivers of environmental burdens are eliminated and collected MPs are reused. Significant reductions in environmental impact categories are achieved and the global warming potential is reduced by 96%. This study provides a sustainability assessment of a novel technology and circular solution to remove MPs from highly polluted industrial wastewater.
Circular Economy Approach for Utilizing Organic Waste in Cat Litter and Compost to Support Plant Growth
Authors: Chen Pin-Han , Wu Jun-Yi
Published: February 2025

This study introduces a novel two-stage circular economy model to transform organic waste materials—bean dregs and coffee grounds—into functional products: eco-friendly cat litter and organic fertilizer. The hypothesis was that integrating vermicompost and diatomaceous earth with these waste materials would enhance the functional properties of cat litter while ensuring its recyclability into high-quality fertilizer. In the first stage, a combination of bean dregs, coffee grounds, vermicompost, and diatomaceous earth was optimized using the Taguchi method, achieving cat litter with superior water absorption and clumping performance. In the second stage, the spent cat litter was rapidly composted, producing a nutrient-rich organic fertilizer. The fertilizer’s efficacy was validated through a potting experiment with lettuce, where a 10% application rate promoted optimal growth without causing nutrient toxicity. This innovative approach offers a sustainable solution to waste management challenges while contributing to environmentally friendly agricultural practices. Future research could investigate incorporating additional waste streams and enhancing composting efficiency for broader implementation.
Youth and Their Ideal Neighborhoods: How Do Ideals Compare to Lived Realities Across Different Neighborhoods in Nashville, Tennessee?
Authors: Anderson Kayla M. , Morgan Kathryn Y. , McCormick Megan L. , Fike Kayla J. , Christens Brian D.
Published: February 2025

How do young people in different neighborhoods envision their ideal communities, and how do these visions diverge from their current lived realities? To explore these questions, we use geospatial analysis to analyze data from the Dream City workshop, a youth participatory action research project based in Nashville, Tennessee. The Dream City workshop, a place-based design-thinking exercise, engaged over 2000 young people across Metro Nashville-Davidson County in envisioning their ideal city and translating these ideas into actionable changes. In this study, we analyze survey responses (n = 415) from the workshop to assess the relative importance placed on seven neighborhood resources—libraries, community centers, parks, bike lanes, sidewalks, grocery stores, and affordable housing—and examine how young people’s ideal neighborhoods differ from their lived realities. The findings reveal geographic differences in how young people prioritized resources in their ideal neighborhoods, as well as patterns of alignment and divergence between youth ideals and their lived experiences. These patterns highlight key themes in how youth perceive and value neighborhood resources. Reflecting on these findings, we describe implications for theory and practice, particularly regarding engaging young people in urban design, planning, and decision making.
Indexicalidad y cortesía en latín: el caso de las cartas de Claudio Terenciano
Authors: Unceta Gómez Luis
Published: February 2025

Este trabajo explora la posibilidad de aplicar el concepto de ‘ indexicalidad’ al análisis de la cortesía lingüística en latín. Para ello, toma como estudio de caso una muestra de latín no literario, tres cartas del archivo de Claudio Tiberiano en Karanis, y se centra en tres aspectos fundamentales : la lengua elegida para la carta, el apelativo pater y la expresión del acto de habla directivo. A través de ese análisis se pretende avanzar en el desarrollo de un marco teórico integral, que nos permita salvar las dificultades que plantea el estudio de la cortesía lingüística en latín.
Eficácia do ácido tranexâmico na redução da necessidade de transfusão sanguínea em pacientes com trauma e cirurgias de alta complexidade
Authors: Oliveira Eduardo Vinícius Santos , Santos Cássya Fonseca , Pedott Aodrei Marcia , Araújo Thiago Bruno Reis , Junior Clóvis Girola
Published: February 2025

Considerando a hemorragia traumática como uma das principais causas evitáveis de mortalidade em traumas graves, este estudo objetivou avaliar a eficácia do ácido tranexâmico (ATX) na redução da necessidade de transfusões sanguíneas em pacientes com traumas graves ou submetidos a cirurgias de alta complexidade. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura científica com base na estratégia PICO, incluindo estudos publicados nos últimos seis anos nas bases PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e Cochrane Library. Os critérios de inclusão contemplaram estudos que avaliaram desfechos relacionados à redução de transfusões, perda de sangue e reações adversas ao ATX. Os resultados indicaram que a administração precoce do ATX, particularmente nas primeiras três horas após o trauma, está associada a uma redução significativa na necessidade de transfusões e na mortalidade por hemorragia. Conclui-se que o ATX é uma intervenção segura e eficaz no manejo da hemorragia traumática e cirúrgica, destacando-se o papel do farmacêutico na gestão dessa terapia, garantindo práticas baseadas em evidências e segurança no uso do ATX.
A dislipidemia em decorrência do tabagismo e suas consequências no sistema circulatório
Authors: Silva Camila Eduarda Lima , Santos Lorena Alves Cezarino , Júnior Marcus Vinícius Ferreira Alves , Leite Natália Gomes Ramalho , Barbosa Pedro Henrique Pontes , Sousa Daniela Heitzmann Amaral Valentim de , Arruda Isabela Tatiana Sales de , Souza Alysson Kennedy Pereira de
Published: February 2025

A dislipidemia é um distúrbio metabólico que tem crescido bastante no Brasil, em consequência da urbanização, mudanças no padrão alimentar e no estilo de vida, tendo 18,4% da população brasileira diagnosticada com essa alteração. Tal distúrbio é caracterizado pelo aumento nos níveis de lipídios no sangue, envolve a elevação de colesterol e triglicerídeos no plasma e a redução dos níveis de HDL.  Sendo assim, esse desequilíbrio eleva o risco de aterosclerose, que consiste no entupimento das artérias. Em pacientes tabagistas, adeptos ao cigarro tradicional ou eletrônico, essa relação é ainda mais acentuada, uma vez que, a nicotina presente no cigarro intensifica a probabilidade de problemas no sistema circulatório. O objetivo desse trabalho é compreender as consequências do tabagismo no desenvolvimento da dislipidemia no sistema circulatório. No que se refere a metodologia, trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura com base nos registros na base de dados do LILACS, BDEFN. CUMED, CidSaúde, IBECS, MEDLINE, Sec. Est. Saúde Sp e Coleciona SUS. Desse modo, percebe-se que, ao inalar a fumaça do cigarro, seus compostos entram no sistema respiratório, alcançando a corrente sanguínea, por meio da circulação pulmonar, degradando artérias, vasos, tecidos e aumentando os riscos de acúmulo de lipídios. Nesse viés, as doenças que afetam o sistema circulatório são chamadas de doenças cardiovasculares (DCV), elas englobam as condições que impactam o coração ou os vasos sanguíneos e representam a principal causa de óbito e acometimento em nível global. Portanto, torna-se imprescindível discutir e conscientizar a população sobre os riscos associados ao tabagismo, bem como as suas consequências no sistema circulatório e na maior ocorrência de dislipidemias.
The use of a mobile application to help teach airway management in rapid sequence intubation
Authors: Holanda Plinio de Oliveira , Nogueira Ingrid Correia , Salmito Francisco Thiago Santos
Published: February 2025

Mobile applications have recently been used as tools to help teach students and professionals in different areas. They are not devoid of mistakes, but books and other printed information can also have errors that are impossible to correct after the impression. In medicine, they can be used to spread guidelines, especially when making a resumé of such extensive information. The RSIApp (rapid sequence intubation application) was created to explain to doctors the best way to manage the airways in a rapid sequence intubation situation. The resumé of the best guidelines is present in this application and can be helpful if the medical team is unsure of the best practices to follow. As a simple web app (download not necessary), it can be used on computers and mobile devices and can save lives if well applied. This Master's in health technology triggered the creation of the RSIApp.
Remodelamento reverso em paciente com disfunção sistólica secundária ao abuso de esteróides anabolizantes androgênicos
Authors: Cunha Louan Solanno Portugal Werneck Ramalho e , Bacon Maria Vitória Biaggi , Marquezoni Diogo Pinetti
Published: February 2025

O uso suprafisiológico de esteroides anabolizantes androgênicos (EAAs) está diretamente ligado a cardiotoxicidade, o que implica na necessidade de conscientização populacional acerca dos riscos e efeitos adversos intrínsecos a tal abuso. Além da educação do público leigo, os profissionais da saúde e principalmente os médicos devem estar atentos aos sinais e necessitam do conhecimento adequado para acolher, diagnosticar e manejar alterações nestes pacientes, as quais afetam principalmente o sistema cardiovascular. Neste caso, um paciente de 30 anos, deveria ter baixo risco cardiovascular pela história mórbida pregressa, histórico familiar e hábitos que incluem a prática de exercícios físicos regularmente, negando etilismo ou tabagismo, apresentou insuficiência cardíaca com fração de ejeção reduzida (ICFER), evoluindo para disfunção sistólica precoce, secundária ao uso suprafisiológico de EAAs. Após conduta terapêutica adequada, o paciente apresentou melhora substancial da função cardiovascular com aumento da Fração de Ejeção do Ventrículo Esquerdo (FEVE) e reversão no remodelamento cardíaco.