bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
[Retracted] An Analysis of Public Environment‐Oriented Marxist Philosophy Content Dissemination
Authors: Guo Jinming , Hu Haibo
Published: June 2022

Marxist philosophy has always been attached to the practice. In the new age, Marxist philosophy needs to solve many problems, such as ecological destruction, environmental pollution, international conflicts, and technical innovation, and improve the integration of the Marxist philosophy system with China’s national conditions. The premise of change is practice, and the premise of practice is dissemination. Promoting the dissemination of Marxist philosophy is the cornerstone of solving the blind spot in the process of Marxist philosophy popularization. Because of the development of Internet technology, in order to ensure the validity of the uploaded videos related to Marxist philosophy on the platform, combining the research on human visual perception and the advantages of the long‐term recurrent convolutional network (LRCN) model in video content recognition, an attention mechanism‐based LRCN model is proposed, which simulates the attention characteristics of the human brain in the deep learning model, considers the video content globally, and makes the attention of the model fall in the effective area of the whole video. The experiment uses HMDB51, UCF101, and YouTube‐8M data sets, and the results show that the LRCN model based on the attention mechanism proposed in this paper can effectively improve the accuracy of video content recognition, and it can converge quickly during training to improve the efficiency of model training.
Effects of Metformin on Renal Function, Cardiac Function, and Inflammatory Response in Diabetic Nephropathy and Its Protective Mechanism
Authors: Zhang Zhiping , Dong Hongyu , Chen Jiaqi , Yin Min , Liu Feng
Published: June 2022

Objective. To investigate the effect of metformin on renal function, cardiac function, and inflammatory response in diabetic nephropathy and its protective mechanism. Methods. A total of 88 patients with diabetic nephropathy who were admitted to our hospital from April 2019 to October 2020 were recruited and grouped according to different treatment methods, namely, the experimental group (

n
=
44

) and the control group (

n
=
44

). The patients in the experimental group were treated with metformin, and the patients in the control group were treated with liraglutide injection (nonmetformin). Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), and inflammatory response (hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-6) were compared. Results. Compared with corresponding values before treatment, BUN, Scr, hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, LVEDD, and LVESD were decreased after treatment, whereas LVEF was increased (all

P
<
0.05

), with significant change in the experimental group (all

P
<
0.001

). Conclusion. Metformin can effectively improve the level of renal function and cardiac function in patients with diabetic nephropathy and help patients control and reduce the body’s inflammatory response, and its therapeutic efficacy is superior to that of liraglutide injection.
Effect of Laparoscopy Combined with Choledochoscope for the Treatment of Cholecystolithiasis and Choledocholithiasis
Authors: Zhang Chengxin , Deng Qingmei , Zhang Jian , Li Duofu , Fan Bin , Fang Jinman
Published: June 2022

Objective. Evaluate the influence of laparoscopy combined with choledochoscopy on operation-related indexes, serum total bilirubin (TBIL) level, and abdominal drainage tube extraction time within cases carrying cholecystolithiasis/choledocholithiasis. Methods. 86 cases of cholecystolithiasis together with choledocholithiasis were chosen for this investigation, and cases were randomly segregated within the control cohort (43 cases, open surgery) and observation cohort (43 cases, laparoscopy combined with choledochoscopy).The operation-related indexes, complete stone clearance rate, postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) scoring, serum TBIL level, and postsurgical complications/recovery incidence were observed and comparatively analyzed across cohorts. Results. Compared with the control cohort, the incision length, operation duration, postoperative exhaust duration, abdominal drainage tube extraction time, and postsurgery hospitalization in observation cohort were markedly reduced (

P
<
0.05

), the intrasurgical hemorrhaging was markedly reduced (

P
<
0.05

), and the postoperative complication incidences were markedly reduced (

P
<
0.05

). Furthermore, the complete stone clearance rates in the observation cohort were elevated compared with control, but the difference was not statistically significant (

P
>
0.05

).VAS scoring for the observation cohort at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours postsurgery was markedly reduced (

P
<
0.05

). On the first day after the operation, the serum TBIL levels for the two cohorts were very high and gradually decreased, and the serum TBIL levels in the observation cohort were markedly reduced during day 1, 3, and 5 postsurgery (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. Laparoscopy combined with choledochoscopy surgical treatment might reduce the surgery duration, intrasurgery hemorrhaging, postsurgical pain, and liver function damage.
Senotherapy Protects against Cisplatin-Induced Ovarian Injury by Removing Senescent Cells and Alleviating DNA Damage
Authors: Du Dingfu , Tang Xianan , Li Yufeng , Gao Yueyue , Chen Runhua , Chen Qian , Wen Jingyi , Wu Tong , Zhang Yan , Lu Huan , Zhang Jinjin , Wang Shixuan
Published: June 2022

Ovarian damage induced by platinum-based chemotherapy seriously affects young women with cancer, manifesting as infertility, early menopause, and premature ovarian insufficiency. However, effective prevention strategies for such damage are lacking. Senescent cells may be induced by chemotherapeutic agents. We hypothesized that cisplatin can lead to senescence in ovarian cells during the therapeutic process, and senolytic drugs can protect animals against cisplatin-induced ovarian injury. Here, we demonstrated the existence of senescent cells in cisplatin-treated ovaries, identified the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, and observed significant improvement of ovarian function by treatment with metformin or dasatinib and quercetin (DQ) independently or in combination. These senotherapies improved both oocyte quality and fertility, increased the ovarian reserve, and enhanced hormone secretion in cisplatin-exposed mice. Additionally, attenuated fibrosis, reorganized subcellular structure, and mitigated DNA damage were observed in the ovaries of senotherapeutic mice. Moreover, RNA sequencing analysis revealed upregulation of the proliferation-related genes Ki, Prrx2, Sfrp4, and Megfl0; and the antioxidative gene H2-Q10 after metformin plus DQ treatment. Gene ontology analysis further revealed that combining senotherapies enhanced ovarian cell differentiation, development, and communication. In this study, we demonstrated that metformin plus DQ recovered ovarian function to a greater extent compared to metformin or DQ independently, with more follicular reserve, increased pups per litter, and reduced DNA damage. Collectively, our work indicates that senotherapies might prevent cisplatin-induced ovarian injury by removing senescent cells and reducing DNA damage, which represent a promising therapeutic avenue to prevent chemotherapy-induced ovarian damage.
Comparison of Postoperative Neurocognitive Function in Older Adult Patients with and without Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: van Zuylen Mark L. , van Wilpe Robert , ten Hoope Werner , Willems Hanna C. , Geurtsen Gert J. , Hulst Abraham H. , Hollmann Markus W. , Preckel Benedikt , DeVries J. Hans , Hermanides Jeroen
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Delayed neurocognitive recovery (DNR; neurocognitive disorder up to 30 days postoperative) and postoperative neurocognitive disorders (POCD; neurocognitive disorder 1–12 months postoperative) occur frequently after surgery, with diabetes mellitus (DM) suggested to contribute to this. This was a single-center prospective cohort study. The main aim of this study was to investigate the role of DM and preoperative hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in the development of POCDs after noncardiac surgery. Methods: Older adult patients ≥65 years of age scheduled for elective surgery were recruited. The Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status questionnaire (TICS-M), a test of global cognitive functioning, was administered to determine cognition. Preoperative, 30-day postoperative, and 6-month postoperative cognition were compared for patients with and without DM. Cognitive decline was subdivided into mild (1 to 2 standard deviations below controls) and major (≥2 standard deviations below controls) DNR or POCD. Preoperative HbA1c levels were correlated with TICS-M scores. Results: We analyzed 102 patients [median (IQR [range]) age 72.0 (5 [68–74])]), who were divided into patients with DM (80 patients [78%]) and patients without DM (22 patients [22%]). Baseline cognitive function was similar for both groups. Repeated measures ANOVA showed that mean DM patient TICS-M scores decreased 30 days postoperative (F(2, 200) = 4.0, p = 0.02), with subsequent recovery 6-month postoperative, compared to stable TICS-M scores in non-DM patients. There were significantly more DM patients with DNR than non-DM patients (n = 11 [50%] vs. n = 14 [17.5%]; p = 0.031). There were no between-group differences in mild or major POCD. Higher preoperative HbA1c levels were significantly correlated with decreased 30-day Δcognition scores (F(1, 54) = 9.4, p = 0.003) with an R2 of 0.149 (β −0.45, 95% confidence interval: −0.735 to −0.154). Conclusions: Older adult patients with DM undergoing surgery have an increased risk of DNR compared to older adult non-DM patients, but no increased risk of POCD. In DM patients, higher preoperative HbA1c levels were associated with an increased risk of DNR.
Capoeira e cidadania: negritude e identidade no Brasil republicano
Authors: Lima Roberto Kant de , Lima Magali Alonso de
Published: June 2022

O artigo propõe uma releitura da história brasileira, em particular das análises sobre a República. Sua hipótese central é a de que o nosso modelo republicano de controle social guardou continuidade com o modelo imperial, de ênfase fiscalistae inquisitorial. Em tal sistema, as diferenças sociais sempre serão sinal de direitos substancialmente distintos. O estudo da capoeira, instituição fortemente vinculada à identidade negra no Brasil, será aqui um pretexto para compreender as questões colocadas para a cidadania no Brasil.
Effect of Hypertension on Efficacy and Safety of Ticagrelor-Aspirin Versus Clopidogrel-Aspirin in Minor Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Wang Anxin , Meng Xia , Tian Xue , Johnston S. Claiborne , Li Hao , Bath Philip M. , Zuo Yingting , Xie Xuewei , Jing Jing , Lin Jinxi , Wang Yilong , Zhao Xingquan , Li Zixiao , Jiang Yong , Liu Liping , Wang Feng , Wang Yanxia , Huang Panbing , Chen Guofang , Wang Yongjun ,   for the CHANCE-2 Investigators
Published: June 2022

Background:

Hypertension is a risk factor of poor stroke outcomes and associated with antiplatelet resistance. This study aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor-aspirin versus clopidogrel-aspirin in patients with different hypertension status, using randomized trial data from the CHANCE-2 trial (Clopidogrel in High-Risk Patients With Acute Nondisabling Cerebrovascular Events-II).

Methods:

A total of 6412 patients with minor stroke or transient ischemic attack who carried
CYP2C19
loss-of-function alleles were enrolled and randomized to either ticagrelor-aspirin or clopidogrel-aspirin group. Hypertension status were classified into no, newly diagnosed, and previously diagnosed hypertension according to medical history, blood pressure, and antihypertensive medications during hospitalization. The primary efficacy and safety outcomes were stroke recurrence and moderate to severe bleeding risk within 90-day follow-up.

Results:

Ticagrelor-aspirin was associated with reduced risk of new stroke in patients without hypertension (32 [4.8%] versus 60 [7.2%]; hazard ratio, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.35–0.86]), but not in those with a newly diagnosed hypertension (20 [5.3%] versus 36 [9.1%]; hazard ratio 0.59 [95% CI, 0.33–1.07]), or those with a previously diagnosed hypertension (139 [7.0%] versus 147 [7.4%]; hazard ratio, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.74–1.18]) compared with clopidogrel-aspirin (
P
=0.04 for interaction). The risk of bleeding for ticagrelor-aspirin was not associated with hypertension status (0.1% versus 0.4%; 0.3% versus 0.5%, 0.4% versus 0.3%,
P
=0.50 for interaction). All the efficacy and safety outcomes between treatments did not differ by blood pressure levels on admission.

Conclusions:

In the CHANCE-2 trial, patients without hypertension received a significantly greater benefit from ticagrelor- aspirin than those with previous hypertension after minor stroke or transient ischemic attack, and a similar benefit trend was observed in those with newly diagnosed hypertension.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04078737.
2022 Brief Practice Update on Intravenous Thrombolysis Before Thrombectomy in Patients With Large Vessel Occlusion Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Statement from Society of Vascular and Interventional Neurology Guidelines and Practice Standards (GAPS) Committee
Authors: Masoud Hesham E. , de Havenon Adam , Castonguay Alicia C. , Asif Kaiz S. , Nguyen Thanh N. , Mehta Brijesh , Abdalkader Mohamad , Gutierrez Santiago Ortega , Leslie‐Mazwi Thabele M. , Mansour Ossama Y. , Ma Alice , Czap Alexandra L. , Kenmuir Cynthia L. , Sheth Sunil A. , Novakovic‐White Roberta , Nour May , Jadhav Ashutosh P. , Janardhan Vallabh , Hassan Ameer E. , Liebeskind David S. , Malik Amer M. , Zaidat Osama O.
Published: June 2022

Background

The Society of Vascular & Interventional Neurology Guidelines and Practice Standards committee established the “Brief Practice Update” format to provide up‐to‐date recommendations on focused clinical topics with emerging clinical trial results. For our inaugural Brief Practice Update, we review current evidence and provide recommendations for administering intravenous thrombolysis before mechanical thrombectomy; combination therapy (mechanical thrombectomy plus intravenous thrombolysis) versus stand‐alone mechanical thrombectomy approach in acute ischemic stroke secondary to emergent large vessel occlusion.

Methods

The Society of Vascular & Interventional Neurology Guidelines and Practice Standards committee members formed a writing group to review results of the most recent clinical trials of pre‐mechanical thrombectomy intravenous thrombolysis. The group summarized recent clinical data to provide recommendations for clinical practice. Brief Practice Update recommendations were vetted by the Guidelines and Practice Standards quality committee to ensure adherence to Society of Vascular & Interventional Neurology standard evaluation of evidence and endorsement was obtained following formal review by the Board of Directors.

Results

We present a focused review of recently published clinical trials and a meta‐analysis of combination intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy versus a stand‐alone direct‐to‐mechanical thrombectomy treatment approach in ischemic stroke patients with emergent large vessel occlusion. Level of evidence and class of recommendation were vetted by the Guidelines and Practice Standards committee.

Conclusions

We share general recommendations on pre‐mechanical thrombectomy thrombolysis, using analysis of available evidence from recent randomized clinical trial data. Recommendations provided by the Society of Vascular & Interventional Neurology Brief Practice Update are not intended to replace an individualized approach to clinical decision making and patient care.
“Full and Impartial Justice”: Robert Morris and the Equal School Rights Movement in Massachusetts
Authors: Baumgartner Kabria
Published: June 2022

In early nineteenth-century Boston, African American children and youth faced severe educational inequalities and inequities in the city's racially segregated public school system. In response, Robert Morris and other African American youth organized for change. This article traces their organizing efforts, from establishing a literary society to petitioning the Massachusetts state legislature. Their collective work resulted in the overthrow of racially segregated public schools in Boston in 1855.
Girls’ High School and the “Wild Facts” of Race in Pauline Hopkins's Of One Blood
Authors: Chapnick Max L.
Published: June 2022

This essay discusses Pauline Hopkins's Of One Blood in the context of Hopkins's education at Boston's Girls' High, William James's new psychology, and radical Black Boston, including W.E.B. Du Bois and William Monroe Trotter. Hopkins's novel intervenes in debates over scientific disciplinization and Black education.
Race, Reuse, and Reform: Preserving the Garrison House, Contesting Garrisonianism in Turn-of-the-Century Boston
Authors: Webster Madeline
Published: June 2022

In 1900, Black Bostonians purchased the Roxbury home of William Lloyd Garrison with the intent to preserve it as an antislavery memorial. As the St. Monica's Home for Colored Women and Children, the house immediately became a site of contestation between the followers of William Monroe Trotter and Booker T. Washington.
From Bhauma to Vārāha: The Shifting Lineage Identity of the Kāmarūpa Rulers in Northeast India, 7th–12th Century
Authors: Shin Jae-Eun
Published: June 2022

To show how a frontier power of pre-modern South Asia defined its history and identity in different ways in changing political contexts, this article presents an analysis of the unusual asura lineage of three lesser-known dynasties between the seventh and twelfth centuries in succession: the Varmans, the Mlecchas and the Pālas, who sequentially all ruled Kāmarūpa, a historical region located in the present state of Assam. Examination of three distinct phases of genealogical claims enables us to understand the ways in which the peripheral rulers negotiated with dominant supra-regional discourses, challenged political tradition of their predecessors, and carved out their own space in a new world of regional sovereignty.
A ‘Good Qaṣba:’ Chamkanī and the Confluence of Politics, Economy and Religion in Durrānī Peshawar, 1747–1834
Authors: Khan Timur
Published: June 2022

Between 1747 and 1834, Durrānī Afghan rulers built webs of alliance to political, economic, and religious elites in Peshawar. The village of Chamkanī serves as a useful case study of these networks. Chamkanī housed an influential Indian merchant family, Afghan landed nobility, and a powerful Sufi lineage. Reflecting the fundamental tension between the Durrānī ideal of universal sovereignty and the reality of diffuse power, these groups both cooperated and clashed with royal authority, and maintained ties between themselves. Ultimately, the most durable legacies of Durrānī rule were left by these local elites.
It’s All Eve’s Fault
Authors: Englard Yaffa
Published: June 2022

The traditional reading of the biblical account of the Garden of Eden has left a weighty imprint on Western civilization, holding Eve solely to blame for introducing sin into the human world and thus the loss of Paradise, suffering, and death. This paper seeks to demonstrate the way in which Jewish and Christian theological and interpretative traditions of this story are concretely exemplified in medieval visual representations whose influence can still be seen in the twenty-first century.
Between Eccentricity and Morbidity
Authors: Atkinson Maggie
Published: June 2022

This examination asserts that artist and photographer Hannah Maynard’s association with late-nineteenth-century North American organizations that advocated the often-repudiated notion of the possibility of spiritual life after physical death informed her photographs. Spiritualists offered numerous examples of alternative existences after corporeal demise, and this paper will explore the possibility that Maynard used her knowledge to re-create and re-interpret late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century perceptions of a realm of Spirit.
The Poetics of Sensational Forms
Authors: Nolasco Ana
Published: June 2022

This article seeks to analyze the drift of elements of Azorean popular religion into the domain of art orchestrated by two Azorean artists, Catarina Branco and Sofia de Medeiros. The change brings unlikely marriages into fruition, uniting the humor of pop art and the solemnity of the arches of the high choir in a church, the spirit of revelry and a sign of the cross, representing the unfathomable—death, the dread of emptiness to the feeling of unity in communitas. The presentation, together with the strangeness of decontextualization provoked by this change, invoke the walk of the visitor, during which different senses are awakened, in which the poetic imagination of the observer is called forth to complete the different meanings. In this thesis I shall argue that the elements of popular religiosity carried by these artists into the domain of art constitute sensory arrangements, in the sense given to this term by Meyer, providing structure to a collective religious experience particular to Azorean culture where the sacred intertwines with the profane. The mediation of the transcendent through these sensory arrangements leads, on one hand, to contamination and reciprocal intensification of the spheres of art and religion and, on the other hand, to a renewed look at the contemporaneous and its connection to the spiritual.
Deliberative Democracy in Action: The Case of Musrenbang in Bandung, Indonesia
Authors: Karman Mireille Marcia , Yazid Sylvia , Widian Rizky
Published: June 2022

Indonesia has adopted a regularized public deliberation mechanism as a democratic innovation to ensure the inclusive involvement of citizens in city development planning. This research analyzes how the innovation, called Musrenbang, is conducted in one of the cities in Indonesia: Bandung. To conduct such analysis, we used literature analysis, direct observation, and focus group discussions (FGD s) to gather the research. This research found that Musrenbang in Bandung has the potential to be an ideal deliberative arena, although some challenges that disrupt the deliberation process are still present. We believe that the case of Musrenbang can further contribute to the deliberative democracy literature as a promising example of a regularized official system for public deliberation.
A taxonomic revision of the Eucelatoria ferox species group (Diptera: Tachinidae)
Authors: BURINGTON ZELIA L.
Published: June 2022

The Eucelatoria ferox group is a lineage of 26 species of the New World genus Eucelatoria Townsend (Tachinidae) in which the female bears a distinctive sword-like piercer. The E. ferox group is revised and illustrated in detail, including nine species redescriptions and seventeen new species. This work also includes three new species synonyms and one new genus synonym. Three morphology-based subgroups are recognized and supported by genetic and host evidence as well as by geographic patterns. The E. ferox subgroup contains species with only two dorsal thoracic vittae on both the presutural and postsutural areas, including Eucelatoria ferox (Townsend), E. huitepecensis sp. nov., and E. inclani sp. nov. The E. gladiatrix subgroup contains those species with four dorsal thoracic vittae on both the presutural and postsutural areas, including Eucelatoria aurata (Townsend), E. auriceps (Aldrich), E. borealis sp. nov., E. charapensis (Townsend), E. crambivora sp. nov., E. falcata sp. nov., E. fordlandia sp. nov., E. gladiatrix (Townsend), E. jorgecortesi sp. nov., E. luctuosa (Wulp), E. rivalis (Reinhard), E. sabroskyi sp. nov., E. strigata (Wulp), E. texana (Reinhard), E. woodorum sp. nov., and E. yanayacu sp. nov. The E. kopis subgroup contains species with a single large dorsal thoracic vitta on the postsutural area and usually two vittae on the presutural area, including Eucelatoria gustavogutierrezi sp. nov., E. hafelei sp. nov., E. kopis sp. nov., E. makhaira sp. nov., E. ritavargasae sp. nov., E. sica sp. nov., and E. tenebrionis sp. nov. The following new synonymies are proposed: Proroglutea Townsend under Eucelatoria Townsend, syn. nov.; Eucelatoria fasciata (Townsend) and E. minima (Wulp) under E. strigata (Wulp), syn. nov.; Proroglutea pilligera Townsend under Eucelatoria gladiatrix (Townsend), syn. nov. Additionally, Telothyria lugens Wulp and Exorista obscurata Wulp are removed from synonymy with Eucelatoria luctuosa (Wulp) and resurrected as Eucelatoria lugens (Wulp) and E. obscurata (Wulp). The E. gladiatrix subgroup appears to be specialized on Crambidae (Lepidoptera) caterpillars, while the E. kopis subgroup parasitizes a variety of Lepidoptera families; host use for the E. ferox subgroup is unknown. The characteristic “leaf-rolling” habit of host families and visual evidence from rearing records suggests that the long piercers are used to penetrate leaf tissue for oviposition. Species of the E. ferox group are distributed throughout the Western Hemisphere from southern Canada to northern Argentina, with the highest species diversity and likely center of origin in the Central and South American tropics.
Pairing of sexual and asexual generations of Nearctic oak gallwasps, with new synonyms and new species names (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini)
Authors: NICHOLLS JAMES A. , MELIKA GEORGE , DIGWEED SCOTT C. , STONE GRAHAM N.
Published: June 2022

Most oak gallwasps (Hymenoptera; Cynipidae, Cynipini) have lifecycles involving obligate alternation between a sexual and an asexual generation. Many species are currently known from only one of these generations, with the alternate generation either unknown or separately described with a different name. Here we describe previously unknown generations for 12 Nearctic oak cynipids. We describe the sexual generation for ten species previously known only from an asexual generation: Acraspis quercushirta (Bassett, 1864), Acraspis villosa Gillette, 1888, Amphibolips spinosa Ashmead, 1887, Andricus balanaspis (Weld, 1922), comb. nov., Antron quercusnubila (Bassett, 1881), Bassettia pallida Ashmead, 1896, Neuroterus floccosus (Bassett, 1881), comb. rev., Philonix fulvicollis Fitch, 1859, Phylloteras poculum (Osten Sacken, 1862) and Sphaeroteras carolina (Ashmead, 1887), comb. rev.. We describe the asexual generation of Bassettia flavipes (Gillette, 1889), comb. nov. and Melikaiella tumifica (Osten Sacken, 1865), both previously known only from a sexual generation. Three described taxa (Neuroterus vernus Gillette, 1889, syn. nov., Neuroterus papillosus Beutenmueller, 1910, syn. nov. and Neuroterus perminimus Bassett, 1900, syn. nov.) are all identified as the sexual generation of Neuroterus niger Gillette, 1888. We also comment on the presence of previously unknown non-functional males reared from galls of the asexual generation of Neuroterus niger. We identify two further synonyms: Acraspis macrocarpae Bassett, 1890 is syn. nov. of A. quercushirta (Bassett, 1864), and Bassettia archboldi Melika & Abrahamson, 2007 is syn. nov. of Bassettia pallida Ashmead, 1896. In addition, we formally synonymise multiple varieties described by Kinsey within his Acraspis quercushirta, A. villosa, Antron quercusnubila, Neuroterus niger and Philonix fulvicollis species complexes. We provide descriptions and diagnoses for these taxa, and summarise what is known of their biology, including host associations. All taxa and relationships between alternate generations are supported by morphological and molecular data.
The trouts of the upper Kura and Aras rivers in Turkey, with description of three new species (Teleostei: Salmonidae)
Authors: TURAN DAVUT , KOTTELAT MAURICE , KAYA CÜNEYT
Published: June 2022

The taxonomic status of the resident and anadromous trout species native to the Kura and Aras river drainages is evaluated, and three resident species are recognised in the upper reaches of Kura and Aras drainages in Turkey. Salmo murathani, new species, is described from slow flowing tributaries of the Aras River. It is distinguished by the general body color dark greyish in life; the numerous black spots on body, present on the back and on the middle and upper parts of the flank, and on the anterior part of the lower flank in males and females larger than about 230 mm SL; the number of black spots increases with size, in both males and females; and various meristic and morphometric characters. Salmo araxensis, new species, is described from fast flowing tributaries of the Aras River. It is distinguished by the general body color greyish to brownish in life; only few black spots on the body, restricted to the back and the upper part of the flank, their number not increasing with size in both sexes; and various meristic and morphometric characters. Salmo ardahanensis, new species, is described from head waters of the Kura River. It is distinguished by the general body color dark brownish in life; the roundish black spots on the body, scattered on the back, and the middle and upper parts of the flank in most specimens, rarely restricted to the back and the upper part of the flank; in females, the black spots are few, restricted to the back and the upper part of the flank; the number of black spots increases slightly with size in males; the adipose fin is large, almost reaching to caudal-fin base in males larger than about 170 mm SL; and various meristic and morphometric characters.
Taxonomy and distribution of a common arboreal lizard, Bronchocela jubata Duméril & Bibron, 1837 (Reptilia: Agamidae), with designation of its lectotype from Java, Indonesia
Authors: AMARASINGHE A.A. THASUN , INEICH IVAN , RIYANTO AWAL , HALLERMANN JAKOB , ANDAYANI NOVIAR , ABINAWANTO A. , SUPRIATNA JATNA
Published: June 2022

Bronchocela jubata Duméril and Bibron, 1837 is one of the commonest species of the genus, known mostly from Java Island and southern parts of Sumatra. It is rare in Bali and Borneo. The juveniles are often confused with its morphologically similar congener, B. cristatella, which occurs widely throughout the Indonesian Archipelago and Peninsular Malaysia. We examined the morphology of B. jubata based on museum specimens including its two available syntypes, and redescribed the species based on the lectotype designated herein. We highlight the characters of B. jubata with a morphometric comparison to its sympatric congener B. cristatella from Java Island, Indonesia. Based on the current distribution pattern and the apparent threats, we update the conservation status of B. jubata using IUCN Red List Criteria, and propose that it be considered as a species of Least Concern (LC), endemic to the Greater Sundaic Islands.
Carinobolus gen. nov. and Costabolus gen. nov., two new, remarkably crested, monospecific genera of spirobolidan millipedes from West Africa, with the proposal of a new tribe, Amblybolini tribus nova (Diplopoda, Spirobolida, Pachybolidae)
Authors: GOLOVATCH SERGEI , VANDENSPIEGEL DIDIER
Published: June 2022

Two new genera, Carinobolus gen. nov. and Costabolus gen. nov., both belonging to the very large, widespread, pantropical family Pachybolidae, are described based on Carinobolus complex sp. nov. and Costabolus baculus sp. nov., respectively. Chiefly based on the posterior gonopod being distinctly articulated at midlength, both new genera seem to be especially similar to Amblybolus Keeton, 1964a (three species in western Africa) and Atlanticobolus Hoffman, 1979 (one species from an island off the Brazilian coast), all of them meriting a separate tribal category, Amblybolini tribus nova. A key is proposed to distinguish all four presently accepted genera of the new tribe. The new genera and species are clearly distinguished in showing unusually strongly crested/ribbed metazonae, a character that is only very seldom observed in Pachybolidae generally, and apparently unique among Afrotropical members. Being rather similar in many respects, both new genera and species differ from each other sufficiently well in gonopodal and leg structure, even though both come from forests in southeastern Nigeria close to the border to Cameroon.
Two new species of the nominotypical subgenus Gonioctena Chevrolat, 1836, from China and Laos, and a proposed new species-group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae)
Authors: CHO HEE-WOOK
Published: June 2022

The Gonioctena kanfani species-group of the nominotypical subgenus Gonioctena Chevrolat, 1836 is proposed and reviewed. This group comprises the following five species, including two new to science, distributed in eastern China and northern Laos: G. kanfani (Chen, 1941), G. kamikawai (Chûjô, 1958), G. fujiana Cho & Borowiec, 2016, G. jolantae new species, and G. lukasi new species. Members of this species-group are easily distinguished from other species by their metallic lustre, two yellowish-brown markings on the elytral humeri, and the trifurcated tip of the flagellum of the aedeagus. Photographs of habitus, illustrations of male genitalia, and diagnostic characters for each species are given. A distribution map and literature records are also provided.
An Analysis of Otolaryngology’s NIH Research Funding Compared to Other Specialties
Authors: Ramsey Tam , Ostrowski Tyler , Akhtar Saad , Panse Drishti , Nasim Rafae , Mortensen Melissa
Published: June 2022

Objective:

To compare NIH funding in the field of Otolaryngology to other medical and surgical specialties between 2009 and 2019.

Methods:

Data was collected from the NIH RePORTER database on funding dollars received by each specialty from 2009 to 2019. Along with data on total active physicians per specialty using the Physician Specialty Data Book, comparisons were drawn between Otolaryngology and other medical and surgical specialties with regards to trends in total funding and NIH funding dollars per physician. The distributions of grant funding, within Otolaryngology from various NIH institutes among principal investigators, organizations, and subspecialties were further explored.

Results:

There were 3810 grants (1147 unique projects) for a total of $1 276 198 555 funded by the NIH to Otolaryngology departments from 2009 to 2019. Statistically insignificant funding increases ( P > .05) caused otolaryngology to fall from first to fourth in funding among studied specialties. The National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders funded 57% of all unique projects, and 57.2% of all unique NIH projects were otology related. Most projects were basic science related. The top 10 principal investigators obtained 22.3% of the total NIH funding for Otolaryngology. The top 3 organizations over the studied period comprised 26.55% of the total funding, generating a combined 729 grants. Among principal investigators, 63.0% had a PhD degree, 25.3% had an MD, and 9.6% had an MD/PhD.

Conclusion and Relevance:

NIH funding in Otolaryngology has remained stable and is highly concentrated among a small number of organizations, geographic regions, and principal investigators. Recent initiatives by academic communities have sought to address funding disparities by incorporating diversity and inclusion into clinician-scientist pipelines. We urge our colleagues to strive toward identification of the factors that contribute to successful acquisition of funding and implementation of a more conducive institutional infrastructure to produce research.
Mission Accomplished? Reflecting on 60 Years of Business & Society
Authors: Brammer Stephen , Branicki Layla , Linnenluecke Martina
Published: June 2022

Business & Society’ s 60th anniversary affords an opportunity to reflect on the journal’s achievements in the context of the wider field. We analyze editorial commentaries to map the evolving mission of the journal, assess the achievement of the journal’s mission through a thematic analysis of published articles, and examine Business & Society’ s distinctiveness relative to peer journals using a machine learning approach. Our analysis highlights subtle shifts in Business & Society’ s mission and content over time, reflecting variation in the relative emphasis on scholarly quality versus policy/practice relevance, and building the journal and its academic community versus addressing issues of concern to wider society. While Business & Society’ s intended missions have been substantially and sequentially achieved, an increased emphasis on the society-business nexus and a critical approach to interdisciplinarity could further enhance Business & Society’ s leading role within business and society research and attract new generations of contributors and readers.
Parents’ and Therapists’ Satisfaction with Four Early Childhood Power Mobility Devices
Authors: Field Debra A , Livingstone Roslyn W
Published: June 2022

Background. Little is known about satisfaction with power mobility devices used by young children. Purpose. Parents’ and therapists’ satisfaction with four early childhood power mobility devices were examined. Method. A two-phased study, comprising Trial Phase cross-sectional design and Loan Phase one-group pretest-posttest design. Parents and therapists of children 9 months to 6 years with mobility limitations completed the Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction of Assistive Technology 2.0 Device Subscale (QUEST8) plus an additional device Aesthetics rating. Findings. Seventy-four parents and 42 therapists from 18 child development and rehabilitation centres participated. Parent and therapist median QUEST8 and Aesthetics scores varied across devices when trialled and over the six-month loan. Favourable median ratings had no statistically significant differences between parents and therapists. Parent ratings decreased statistically over loan period although therapists’ ratings did not. Device dimensions, safety, and aesthetics were highly rated. Implications. Similarities and differences exist among parent and therapist ratings.
Emerging “repronubs” and “repropreneurs”: Transnational surrogacy in Ghana, Kazakhstan, and Laos
Authors: Whittaker Andrea , Gerrits Trudie , Weis Christina
Published: June 2022

In this article, we offer an analysis of the development of “repronubs”: less-known locations offering small-scale, niche cross-border gestational surrogacy or surrogacy services for a regional market. This analytical category of “repronubs” is useful to describe the formation of the industry from small local sites to those offering cross-border services. Based on our work in these locations, we compare the markets, regulatory contexts, and organization of the industry in Ghana, Kazakhstan, and Laos, focusing on the “repropreneurs” or surrogacy facilitation agents as pivotal in the emergence of these sites. These “repronubs” highlight the surrogacy trade between countries of the Global South and are established next to or instead of the more well-known North–South destinations. We document how surrogacy itself is increasingly stratified between higher cost and better-regulated environments such as in certain states of the United States or Canada and lower cost, less well regulated, and regionally focused environments in the settings we describe. These locations are characterized by poor or liberal regulations, the existence of local in vitro fertilization (IVF) expertise, and the emergence of local repropreneurs driving the trade using their social networks. The growth of demand from China and the growing affluent middle class in Africa is creating further markets for such regional “nubs.” Studying surrogacy in such locations is made difficult by the secrecy and confidentiality surrounding it.
Mental health outcomes in Syrian refugees: A systematic review
Authors: Sá Fernando Henrique de Lima , Waikamp Vitória , Freitas Lúcia Helena Machado , Baeza Fernanda Lucia Capitanio
Published: June 2022

Background:

Syria is the main country of origin for refugees in the world. The prevalence of mental disorders in this population is high, but there is a lack of more comprehensive data on mental health issues in this population.

Aim:

This study aims to review the literature for mental health outcomes in Syrian refugees.

Methods:

We performed a systematic quantitative literature review of original observational studies indexed on the MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, LILACS, and SciELO databases with quantitative data reporting mental health outcomes in Syrian refugees. A descriptive analysis was conducted, and the quality of the included studies was assessed using an adaptation from The National Institutes of Health (NIH) quality assessment tool for observational studies. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed.

Results:

A total of 64 studies were included. The majority were published between 2019 and 2020, and focused on the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety, with a wide range of variations. Other outcomes were difficulties in the post-migration period and promotive factors for mental health, such as resilience, positive coping strategies, and psychosocial well-being.

Conclusions:

High prevalence rates of mental disorders were observed, as well as risk factors for their occurrence. Studies showed a very high variability of prevalence rates and heterogeneity in methodologies. There is a need for research focusing on other determinants and specific necessities for mental health, especially in the post-resettlement period.
University students’ mental health amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia
Authors: Nadareishvili Ilia , Syunyakov Timur , Smirnova Daria , Sinauridze Ana , Tskitishvili Ana , Tskitishvili Aleksandre , Zhulina Ana , Patsali Mikaella E. , Manafis Alexandros , Fountoulakis Nikolaos K. , Fountoulakis Konstantinos N.
Published: June 2022

Aims:

We aimed to identify the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and suicidality and identify relevant risk and protecting factors among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia.

Materials and methods:

We conducted an anonymous online survey ( n = 984, convenience sample by approaching all universities in Georgia and some student organizations) using valid instruments (e.g., STAI to assess anxiety, CES-D for depression, and RASS to assess suicidality). We calculated frequencies and prevalence and applied regression analysis and Chi-square tests to identify risk and protecting factors.

Findings:

Respondents’ mental health had been significantly affected (with a high prevalence of depression (46.7%) and anxiety (79%)) during the pandemic (which coincided with political turmoil and caused an economic crisis) in Georgia. Some of the critical factors affecting mental health were: female sex ( p = .000), bad general health condition (anxiety p = .001, depression p = .004), finances (anxiety and depression p < .001), reduced physical activity (anxiety p < .001, depression p = .014), and a history of self-harming (suicidality p < .001). Less family conflicts (anxiety and depression p < .05), absence of nightmares (anxiety and depression p < .001), moderate or low fears of COVID-19 (anxiety p < .001), and lower substance use (anxiety p = .023) were among the potentially protective factors. International students coped better, despite vulnerability. Medical students had a lower risk of depression.

Conclusions:

In the complex socioeconomic context, mental health of students in Georgia suffered a lot during the COVID-19 pandemic, requiring thorough planning and delivery of student support services in higher educational institutions during and after the pandemic.
Exploring Variability in Compound Tensification in Seoul Korean
Authors: Jeon Hae-Sung
Published: June 2022

In Korean noun-noun compounds, the lenis onset consonant in the second noun is often realized as a tense consonant. Although extensive work has been carried out to clarify its causes and relevant phonological processes, this tensification is deemed not entirely predictable. This paper presents a speech production experiment that confirms the existing findings that the variability in tensification is predictable to a certain extent. The experimental results also showed that the relationship between the predictors and the variability is not linear and that tensification mirrors the cognitively determined boundary strength. Native Korean speakers calibrate the boundary strength by incorporating complex information, such as the word’s length, segment type, frequency, and plausibility of the compound. While a “tight” boundary led to high tensification probability, it was not affected by speaking-rate variation. Furthermore, the perceived compound’s plausibility directly affected the duration of the tensified consonant. Importantly, the findings suggest that speakers’ calibration of the boundary strength is fluid and changeable over time and it affects both phonological and phonetic outputs. Finally, variability in data was reduced for the experimental conditions leading to either extremely high or low tensification probability, and there seemed to be lexicalized exceptions to the general trends.
Personal effects management of Air India Express flight AI1344: A case study
Authors: Gawali Dr Rohan Ashok
Published: June 2022

An Air India Express Flight AI1344 travelling from Dubai to Calicut (Kozhikode), when attempting to land, unfortunately, overshot the runway and crashed causing many casualties as the impact caused the aircraft to break up into multiple pieces. The response to a disaster, specifically an aviation disaster, is highly complex. It involves multiple government agencies and calls for a truly inter/multidisciplinary response from diverse domains including forensic experts, fire experts, aeronautical engineers, humanitarian experts who must together form an ideal post-rescue recovery team. The author was intricately involved in the recovery mission launched after the above air disaster. This case study considers the process of collecting and managing the personal effects of those affected along with the various challenges involved.
Imagined communities: from subjecthood to nationality in the British Atlantic
Authors: Cooper Luke
Published: June 2022

Drawing on the concept of uneven and combined development this article critically interrogates Benedict Anderson’s theory of the ‘imagined community’ through an historical investigation into the English-realm-cum-British-empire. Placing its rise in the context of the conflicts of Post-Reformation Europe, it identifies vectors of combined development (money, goods, ideas, people) which shaped the formation of new imagined communities. These post-Reformation struggles were not defined by nationality but subjecthood, which saw ‘the realm’ displace the monarch as an object of rights and duties. The 18th century rise of British nationalism was a response to the long crisis of subjecthood (1639–1688). However, this emergence was uneven and non-linear, such that it co-existed as a political imagination with continued belief in – and political support for – subjecthood. Ironically, given its latter-day mythology, the American Revolutionary War was fought to protect subjecthood under the Crown from subordination to the British nation and its parliament.
Mission Match and Organizational Satisfaction: Testing the Mediating Role of Perceived Reputation
Authors: Ahn Yongjin
Published: June 2022

Motivational research has become one of the major topics in public administration. However, public administration researchers have focused disproportionately on public service motivation in accounting for behaviors/attitudes in the public sphere. Somewhat neglected are the different, but no less important, motivations that impact the everyday operations of government employees. To narrow the gap, this study examines the effect of motivations based on organizational mission (mission match) and perceived organizational reputation. Using a large- N sample of U.S. federal employees, results show that mission-matched employees are more likely to be satisfied with their organization. This relationship is mediated through perceived organizational reputation. This study discuss the contributions of introducing organizational reputation as a contextual factor that intervenes in bureaucratic motivation and raise questions for further inquiry.