bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cannabinoid 1 receptor knockout mice display cold allodynia, but enhanced recovery from spared-nerve injury-induced mechanical hypersensitivity
Authors: Sideris Alexandra , Piskoun Boris , Russo Lori , Norcini Monica , Blanck Thomas , Recio-Pinto Esperanza
Published: May 2016

Background

The function of the Cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) in the development of neuropathic pain is not clear. Mounting evidence suggest that CB1R expression and activation may contribute to pain. Cannabinoid 1 receptor knockout mice (CB1R−/−) generated on a C57Bl/6 background exhibit hypoalgesia in the hotplate assay and formalin test. These findings suggest that Cannabinoid 1 receptor expression mediates the responses to at least some types of painful stimuli. By using this mouse line, we sought to determine if the lack of Cannabinoid 1 receptor unveils a general hypoalgesic phenotype, including protection against the development of neuropathic pain. The acetone test was used to measure cold sensitivity, the electronic von Frey was used to measure mechanical thresholds before and after spared-nerve injury, and analysis of footprint patterns was conducted to determine if motor function is differentially affected after nerve-injury in mice with varying levels of Cannabinoid 1 receptor.

Results

At baseline, CB1R−/− mice were hypersensitive in the acetone test, and this phenotype was maintained after spared-nerve injury. Using calcium imaging of lumbar dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cultures, a higher percentage of neurons isolated from CB1R−/− mice were menthol sensitive relative to DRG isolated from wild-type (CB1R+/+) mice. Baseline mechanical thresholds did not differ among genotypes, and mechanical hypersensitivity developed similarly in the first two weeks following spared-nerve injury (SNI). At two weeks post-SNI, CB1R−/− mice recovered significantly from mechanical hypersensitivity, while the CB1R+/+ mice did not. Heterozygous knockouts (CB1R+/−) transiently developed cold allodynia only after injury, but recovered mechanical thresholds to a similar extent as the CB1R−/− mice. Sciatic functional indices, which reflect overall nerve health, and alternation coefficients, which indicate uniformity of strides, were not significantly different among genotypes.

Conclusion

Cold allodynia and significant recovery from spared-nerve injury-induced mechanical hypersensitivity are two novel phenotypes which characterize the global CB1R−/− mice. An increase in transient receptor potential channel of melastatin 8 channel function in DRG neurons may underlie the cold phenotype. Recovery of mechanical thresholds in the CB1R knockouts was independent of motor function. These results indicate that CB1R expression contributes to the development of persistent mechanical hypersensitivity, protects against the development of robust cold allodynia but is not involved in motor impairment following spared-nerve injury in mice.
The Relationship Between Deliberate Practice and Performance in Sports
Authors: Macnamara Brooke N. , Moreau David , Hambrick David Z.
Published: May 2016

Why are some people more skilled in complex domains than other people? According to one prominent view, individual differences in performance largely reflect individual differences in accumulated amount of deliberate practice. Here, we investigated the relationship between deliberate practice and performance in sports. Overall, deliberate practice accounted for 18% of the variance in sports performance. However, the contribution differed depending on skill level. Most important, deliberate practice accounted for only 1% of the variance in performance among elite-level performers. This finding is inconsistent with the claim that deliberate practice accounts for performance differences even among elite performers. Another major finding was that athletes who reached a high level of skill did not begin their sport earlier in childhood than lower skill athletes. This finding challenges the notion that higher skill performers tend to start in a sport at a younger age than lower skill performers. We conclude that to understand the underpinnings of expertise, researchers must investigate contributions of a broad range of factors, taking into account findings from diverse subdisciplines of psychology (e.g., cognitive psychology, personality psychology) and interdisciplinary areas of research (e.g., sports science).
Are research ethics guidelines culturally competent?
Authors: Gray Ben , Hilder Jo , Macdonald Lindsay , Tester Rachel , Dowell Anthony , Stubbe Maria
Published: May 2016

Research ethics guidelines grew out of several infamous episodes where research subjects were exploited. There is significant international synchronization of guidelines. However, indigenous groups in New Zealand, Canada and Australia have criticized these guidelines as being inadequate for research involving indigenous people and have developed guidelines from their own cultural perspectives. Whilst traditional research ethics guidelines place a lot of emphasis on informed consent, these indigenous guidelines put much greater emphasis on interdependence and trust. This article argues that traditional guidelines are premised on relationships of equal power, and that often the researcher has more power that is not fully equalized by providing information. Where there is a relationship of unequal power, then focusing on interdependence and trust is more likely to achieve ethical safety. We illustrate this thesis by describing the detail of a research project looking at the use of interpreters, where we video-recorded live consultations and then interviewed the patient, interpreter and doctor. We conclude by suggesting that mainstream research ethics guidelines should pay more attention to the development of a trustworthy relationship between subject and researcher, and that, following the lead from clinical medicine, we should develop a culturally competent ethical framework for research on human subjects.
A Demonology of Comparisons: Imperialism, Justice, and Anti/Blackness
Authors: Schleitwiler Vince
Published: May 2016

This essay connects recent academic debates over antiblackness and the rise of new theories and methods of comparison to the movements against police violence that are gaining visibility after the protests in Ferguson, MO, arguing that they all demonstrate the fracturing of “multiculturalism” as the governing sociopolitical imagination of racial justice sponsored by U.S. global power. It reads the production of blackness and antiblackness in the Ferguson protests through a concept of “imperialism's racial justice” and reviews W.E.B. Du Bois's 1899 development of a theory and method of comparison (the “color line”) in response to lynching and imperial conquest. Arguing that the question of comparison in the present must be resolved by collective action rather than scholarship, it tentatively suggests a few possible lines of study attuned to the local and geopolitical dynamics of race and conquest.
Blaise Cendrars and the Nietzschean Roots of Multiracial Identity in Stefan Zweig's Brazil: Land of the Future
Authors: Dewulf Jeroen
Published: May 2016

This article aims to provide a better understanding of the complexities involving Stefan Zweig's Brazil: Land of the Future (1941) by analyzing Zweig's encounter with Brazil in relation to that of the French modernist Blaise Cendrars. Rather than search for traces of Cendrars's writings in those of Zweig, however, the goal is to interpret their work within the broader context of the intellectual debate on race and identity in Brazil. While much has been written about Cendrars's impact on Brazilian modernism, his contribution to the development of the concept of Brazil's multiracial identity has received little attention. This article shows that Cendrars introduced a different approach to racial mixture in Brazil that was influenced by the work of Nietzsche. A connection to Cendrars's role in the construction of Brazil's multiracial national identity allows for a better understanding of Zweig's laudatory portrayal of Brazil as the land of the future.
Literature and Learning How to Live: Milan Kundera's Theory of the Novel as a Quest for Maturity
Authors: Just Daniel
Published: May 2016

This essay discusses the implications of Milan Kundera's conception of the novel for literary theory and history. It presents Kundera's theory of the novel as a search for a type of didacticism that inscribes the reader in a process of learning that does not have a concrete content or object of knowledge, but instead activates the reader's faculty of reflection and self-reflection. Kundera addresses this reflective attitude to the text as maturity and applies it to life at large. Maturity is not about learning correct values or coming to terms with reality; it is not about attaining the ultimate moment of completeness and definitive truths. Rather, maturity is a process and practice that embraces change and the capacity to see life from different perspectives. The novel is a catalyst and medium of this practice because it stimulates our ability to think, question, and, as a result, change.
2,3-Diphenylphenanthro[9,10-b]furan Derivatives as New Blue Fluorophores
Authors: Kojima Taketo , Kawajiri Ikumi , Nishida Jun-ichi , Kitamura Chitoshi , Kurata Hiroyuki , Tanaka Mirai , Ikeda Hiroshi , Kawase Takeshi
Published: May 2016

A series of 2,3-diphenylphenanthro[9,10-b]furans were prepared by the reactions of phenanthrene-9,10-dione with two equivalents of benzylidenetriphenylphosphoranes as a key step. The bis(4-bromophenyl) derivative can be readily lithiated by the action of n-butyllithium in diethyl ether. The corresponding 4-trimethylsilyl and 4-methylthio derivatives were obtained by quenching the dilithio derivative with trimethylsilyl chloride and dimethyl disulfide, respectively. The Buchwald–Hartwig amination of the bromide with diphenylamine afforded the diphenylamino derivative in a good yield. Crystallographic analysis of the parent diphenyl derivative reveals that the phenanthrofuran moiety has a slightly twisted helicene-like structure, and the compound forms a columnar stacking in the crystal. The phenanthrofurans display intense blue fluorescence both in CH2Cl2 and in the solid state. Their electrochemical properties obviously indicate high HOMO energy levels of the furans, as predicted by density functional theory calculations.
Content and Methodical Support of Partial Program of Integrated Local History Curriculum «Belgorod Studies» for Preschool Children
Authors: Епанчинцева  , Epanchintseva N. , Стручаев  , Struchaev V.
Published: May 2016

The article describes the features of the partial program of the integrated course “Belgorod Studies” for preschool children. The authors give

purposes and content of the program, consider its thematic content, the basic forms and activities, as well as the methodological means for

ensuring the socio-moral education of children on the basis of local history in the conditions of preschool organizations and further education.
Comparative analysis of the domestic SME manufacturing furniture market profitability
Authors: BARTA Balázs
Published: May 2016

A bútorgyártás globálisan egy növekvő kereslettel bíró ágazat. Az elmúlt évtizedben jelentősen átrajzolódtak a gyártói, vásárlói pozíciók. Azok az országok tudtak sikeresen megerősödni, ahol képesek voltak az értékteremtésben előbbre lépni. A magyar bútorgyártás az elmúlt évtized egyértelmű vesztesei közé tartozik. Mivel nem sikerült még megtalálni a megfelelő piaci stratégiát az illeszkedő szegmenssel, a növekvő költségek melletti árversenyben a bútorgyártás profitabilitása jelentős csökkenést szenvedett el. Meghatározó mértékben hozzájárult ehhez, hogy a hazai piacméretcsökkenést export teljesítmény nem tudta kompenzálni. Így viszont nem maradt erőforrás arra, hogy a hozzáadott értékben előbbre sikerüljön lépni. Az elemzés célja ennek a folyamatnak az érzékeltetése, és tényekkel, számításokkal történő alátámasztása.
SUSCETIBILIDADE À DESERTIFICAÇÃO DAS TERRAS SECAS DE GILBUÉS (ESTADO DO PIAUÍ) E CABROBÓ (ESTADO DO PERNAMBUCO), NORDESTE DO BRASIL
Authors: Sheydder de O-Lopes Laryssa , Celestino Soares Rafael
Published: May 2016

Desertificação é um processo de fragilidade dos ecossistemas de terras secas em geral que, em decorrência da pressão excessiva exercida pelas populações humanas, perde sua produtividade e capacidade de regenerar-se. O objetivo deste trabalho foi discutir a suscetibilidade à desertifica-ção de duas áreas-piloto no Nordeste do Brasil: Gilbués (Piauí) e Cabrobó (Pernambuco). Estas áreas possuem características geológicas, de solo, clima e vegetação diferenciadas, no entanto, as atividades humanas possuem pontos em comum, tais como a agricultura, o desmatamento e a pecuária. A metodologia utilizada foi o levantamento bibliográfico e pesquisa de campo para coleta de dados e registros fotográficos. As consequências da desertificação resultam no empobrecimento da população local e declínio da qualidade ambiental, como também em processos migratórios intraregionais, perda de biodiversidade e de território. ABSTRACT Desertification is a process of weakness of the drylands ecosystems in general that, due to the excessive pressure from human populations, loses its productivity and capacity to regenerate itself. The objective of this study was to discuss the susceptibility to desertification in two pilot areas in Northeastern Brazil: Gilbués (Piauí State) and Cabrobó (Pernambuco State). These areas have differentiated characteristics of geology, soil, climate and vegetation. However, human activities have points in common, such as agriculture, deforestation and livestock. The methodology was the literature review and field research to collect data and photographic records. The consequences of desertification result in the local population impoverishment and loss of environmental quality, as well as in regional migration processes, loss of biodiversity and territory.
Anticaries Potential of Low Fluoride Dentifrices Found in The Brazilian Market
Authors: Ortiz Adriana de Cássia , Tenuta Livia Maria Andaló , Tabchoury Cínthia Pereira Machado , Cury Jaime Aparecido
Published: May 2016

Abstract Low-fluoride (F) dentifrices (<600 µg F/g) are widely available worldwide, but evidence to recommend the use of such dentifrices, with either regular or improved formulations, is still lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the anticaries potential of low-F dentifrices found in the Brazilian market, using a validated and tested pH-cycling model. Enamel blocks were selected by surface hardness (SH) and randomized into four treatment groups (n=12): non-F dentifrice (negative control), low-F dentifrice (500 μg F/g), low-F acidulated dentifrice (550 μg F/g) and 1,100 μg F/g dentifrice (positive control). The blocks were subjected to pH-cycling regimen for 8 days and were treated 2x/day with dentifrice slurries prepared in water (1:3, w/v). The pH of the slurries was checked, and only the acidulated one had low pH. After the pH cycling, SH was again determined and the percentage of surface hardness loss was calculated as indicator of demineralization. Loosely- and firmly-bound F concentrations in enamel were also determined. The 1,100 μg F/g dentifrice was more effective than the low-F ones to reduce enamel demineralization and was the only one that differed from the non-F (p<0.05). All F dentifrices formed higher concentration of loosely-bound F on enamel than the non-F (p<0.05), but the 1,100 μg F/g was the only one that differed from the non-F in the ability to form firmly-bound F. The findings suggest that the low-F dentifrices available in the Brazilian market, irrespective of their formulation, do not have anticaries potential.
Prevalence of high blood pressure measured in the Brazilian population, National Health Survey, 2013
Authors: Malta Deborah Carvalho , Santos Nadir Baltazar dos , Perillo Rosângela Durso , Szwarcwald Célia Landmann
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: High blood pressure (hypertension) is the most frequent cause of morbidity and a major risk factor for cardiovascular complications. The aim here was to describe the prevalence of blood pressure greater than or equal to 140/90 mmHg in the adult Brazilian population and federal states, along with self-reported information about previous medical diagnoses of hypertension, use of medication and medical care for hypertension control. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study analyzing information from the National Health Survey of 2013, relating to Brazil and its federal states. METHODS: The sample size was estimated as 81,254 households and information was collected from 64,348 households. The survey consisted of interviews, physical and laboratory measurements. Systolic blood pressure was considered to be high when it was ≥ 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure, ≥ 90 mmHg. RESULTS: It was found that 22.8% of the population has blood pressure measurements ≥ 140/90 mmHg. The proportion was higher among men than among women: 25.8% versus 20.0%. The frequency increased with age, reaching 47.1% in individuals over 75 years and was highest in the southeast and south. 43.2% reported previous medical diagnoses of hypertension and, of these, 81.4% reported using medication for hypertension and 69.6%, going to the doctor within the past year for pressure monitoring, thus showing regular medical follow-up. CONCLUSION: These results are important for supporting measures for preventing and treating hypertension in Brazil, with the aim of achieving the World Health Organization's goal of reducing hypertension by 25% over the next decade.
Toxicidade de espécies vegetais
Authors: CAMPOS S.C. , SILVA C.G. , CAMPANA P.R.V. , ALMEIDA V.L.
Published: May 2016

RESUMO As plantas produzem uma grande variedade de metabólitos secundários que frequentemente são relacionados a mecanismos de proteção da planta contra predadores e patógenos. As espécies tóxicas são aquelas capazes de produzirem compostos que podem causar alterações metabólicas prejudiciais ao homem e aos animais. A toxicidade apresentada por uma espécie vegetal pode estar relacionada a fatores associados ao indivíduo, à planta, ao modo de exposição e a questões ambientais. A intoxicação, aguda ou crônica, causada por plantas é difícil de ser diagnosticada assim como a associação entre os sintomas e o consumo e/ou contato com algumas espécies é difícil de ser estabelecida. No âmbito da saúde pública, as intoxicações causadas por plantas possuem impacto expressivo. No Brasil foram registrados 1026 casos em 2012, sendo que a maior parte deles ocorreu com crianças de 0 a 4 anos, de acordo com os dados do SINITOX. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um levantamento bibliográfico de espécies vegetais, brasileiras e exóticas aclimatadas, citadas como tóxicas apesar de serem utilizadas com fins ornamentais e medicinais.
Produtividade de vinagreira, pimenta rosa e carobinha cultivadas em sucessão a mucuna preta e feijão de porco
Authors: MOREIRA D.G. , VIEIRA M.C. , HEREDIA ZÁRATE, N.A. , CARNEVALI T.O. , TORALES E.P. , TABALDI L.A. , LOURENTE E.R.P. , MERCANTE F.M.
Published: May 2016

RESUMO O uso de adubos verdes e/ou de plantas de cobertura é uma técnica que vem sendo difundida para o cultivo de espécies medicinais, por garantir a sustentabilidade do solo agrícola, ser flexível em seu uso e por melhorar a atividade biológica do solo. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o uso de culturas de cobertura para incrementar a produção de massa de plantas de vinagreira, pimenta rosa e carobinha. Foram avaliadas duas espécies de leguminosas tropicais (mucuna preta e feijão de porco) como cobertura do solo e uma testemunha (sem cultura de cobertura) e três espécies medicinais (vinagreira, pimenta rosa e carobinha). O experimento foi arranjado em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, tendo nas parcelas as coberturas vegetais e nas subparcelas, as plantas medicinais. As plantas para a cobertura vegetal foram propagadas por semeadura direta no local de cultivo, enquanto as medicinais foram transplantadas diretamente entre a palhada da cobertura vegetal. A produção da mucuna preta foi de 8,37 t ha-1 de massa seca e do feijão de porco, de 14,37 t ha-1 de massa seca. O uso das culturas de cobertura contribuiu para uma maior biomassa microbiana do solo. As produções de massas frescas de folhas, caules e frutos de vinagreira e de frutos da pimenta rosa foram maiores quando cultivadas em sucessão às coberturas vegetais do solo, independente da espécie. As produções da carobinha foram semelhantes quando cultivadas em áreas com ou sem a cobertura. Visando à maior produtividade da vinagreira e pimenta rosa, são indicadas as culturas antecessoras feijão de porco e mucuna preta.
Morphoanatomical characterization and chemical study of the internal portion of the stem bark of Sambucus australis Cham. & Schltdl
Authors: ALERICO G.C. , VIGNOLI-SILVA M. , LANDO V.R.
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT The internal part of the stem bark of this species is used to produce a homemade ointment in some regions of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The purpose of this study is to characterize the morphoanatomy and identify the compounds present in the internal part of the stem bark of S. australis through chemical and histochemical methods. In addition, the best extraction conditions for the sample were determined. It was possible to quantify the rutin and total phenolic compounds, as well as define the Soxhlet method with an 80% hydroethanolic solution as the best method for extracting these compounds from the bark of the species. The portion of the stem bark that is popularly used could also be determined. Based on the results, new studies will be performed in order to identify other characteristics of the species and the possible reasons that sustain its traditional use.
Validação de um método analítico rápido por CLAE-UV para determinação de cumarina em guaco (Mikania glomerata Sprengel) confirmado com espectrometria de massas
Authors: BERTOLDI F.C. , DESCHAMPS F.C. , SILVA JUNIOR A.A. , CORREA A.F. , FRANCO M.F. , EBERLIN M.N.
Published: May 2016

RESUMO A espécie Mikania glomerata Sprengel, popularmente conhecida no Brasil como guaco, é amplamente utilizada como expectorante para tratar doenças respiratórias e tem a sua atividade farmacológica atribuída principalmente a cumarina. Os resultados mostraram que o método apresenta linearidade de 0,05 a 0,8 mg mL-1. Ele foi considerado seletivo, exato e preciso. A proposta de um método rápido para determinação de cumarina em extratos de guaco torna-se interessante para a rotina de controle de qualidade industrial, visando à obtenção de medicamentos fitoterápicos padronizados.
Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA infects both rice and signalgrass in the Colombian Llanos
Authors: Ramos-Molina Lina Maria , Chavarro-Mesa Edisson , Pereira Danilo Augusto dos Santos , Silva-Herrera María del Rosario , Ceresini Paulo Cezar
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT Foliar blight and death of signalgrass (Urochloa spp.) pastures are caused by the Rhizoctonia solani fungus. This study aimed at determining which pathogens from the Rhizoctonia species complex are associated with leaf and sheath blight in Urochloa and rice, in the Colombian Llanos. Sympatric areas of Urochloa pastures adjacent to rice cropping areas were sampled using a linear transect system. The pathogens were identified using morphological traits, molecular detection based on specific primers and sequencing of the ITS-5.8S rDNA region. R. solani AG-1 IA predominated as the pathogen associated with foliar blight in all samples from U. brizantha cv. 'Toledo' and hybrid Urochloa cv. 'Mulato'. Besides R. solani AG-1 IA (18 % of the samples), Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae (71 %) and Sclerotium hydrophilum (11 %) were also detected. In the cross-pathogenicity test, the R. solani AG-1 IA fungus was the most aggressive to Urochloa, while R. oryzae-sativae produced very mild infection symptoms. This is the first report of R. oryzae-sativae and S. hydrophilum associated with the complex of rice sheath blight diseases in Colombia.
Iniciación sexual en mujeres con prácticas homoeróticas en el eje cafetero colombiano
Authors: Montes Gabriel Gallego , Aguirre Sebastián Giraldo
Published: May 2016

Resumen: Objetivo Comprender la iniciación sexual en mujeres con prácticas homoeróticas en cuatro ciudades del Eje Cafetero Colombiano. Métodos . Una encuesta biográfica fue aplicada en 2012 a 308 mujeres haciendo uso de las técnicas de RDS (Respondent Driven Sampling) y bola de nieve. Resultados . El 83,7% de las mujeres manifestó sentir atracción por otra mujer antes de los 18 años; un 67.5% había tenido en su curso biográfico relaciones sexuales con hombres y con mujeres. Las mujeres mayores de 40 años tardaron más tiempo en reconocer su atracción homoerótica y presentan altos porcentajes de iniciación heterosexual (79,6%), previa a la homosexual. Conclusiones. El debut sexual entre mujeres presenta diferencias entre cohortes, notándose una aceleración del evento entre las jóvenes y una cada vez mayor iniciación sexual con personas del mismo sexo. Los hallazgos confirman que en la construcción del deseo se imbrican, de manera problemática, la homosexualidad y la heterosexualidad.
La configuración y significados del placer sexual y erótico en mujeres universitarias de la Ciudad de México
Authors: Hernández Cyntia Cerón
Published: May 2016

Resumo: Este artigo aborda as relações entre o prazer sexual-erótico, a subjetividade e as transformações na normatividade acerca da sexualidade e do gênero através da perspectiva de mulheres universitárias da Cidade do México. A partir da fala individual e coletiva destas mulheres são analisados os discursos que conformam o dispositivo de sexualidade acerca do prazer, os mecanismos com que este opera e os significados e implicações para estas mulheres. Particularmente, aponta-se a relevância dos meios de comunicação e do mercado como novos reguladores da normatividade sexual e de gênero, bem como as tensões sociais que estes produzem.
Public Consultation Processes in Greenland Regarding the Mining Industry
Authors: Ackrén Maria
Published: May 2016

Since the Greenland Self-Government Act came into force in 2009, economic development and the right to utilize natural resources in Greenland lies in the hands of the Self-Government. Earlier efforts to establish this authority were made back in the 1970s, when discussions on Home Rule were first on the agenda. Mining industries are not a new activity in Greenland. During the Second World War, Greenlandic cryolite was used to produce aluminum for the North American aircraft industry. Other essential natural resources, such as gold and gemstones, have also received international interest over the years. Greenland’s new development aim is to build up a large-scale mining industry. This article elucidates the form of public consultation processes followed in Greenland in connection with two large-scale mining projects and the different views various actors have regarding these events. How did the deliberative democratic process unfold in Greenland regarding these projects? Was the process followed an effective way to manage these kinds of projects? The article shows that two projects that received a lot of media attention: the 2005 iron ore mine project in Isukasia, and the 2001 TANBREEZ-project to extract rare earth elements, used highly different approaches when it comes to deliberative democracy. In the former case, a limited degree of deliberative democracy was used, while in the latter case, the opposite applies.(Published: May 2016)Citation: M. Ackrén. “Public consultation processes in Greenland regarding the mining industry.” Arctic Review on Law and Politics, Vol. 7, No. 1, 2016, pp. 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17585/arctic.v7.216
Processo de Avaliação no Ensino: um Simples Ato de Dar Notas?
Authors: Biberg-Salum Tania Gisela , Bento Leda Márcia Araujo , De Andrade Luciana Paes
Published: May 2016

O processo de avaliação no ambiente educacional é alvo de constantes estudos, na tentativa de adequar-se às exigências das novas realidades. Diversos pesquisadores criaram sistemas para o estudo de exames e sua uniformização. A partir da década de 1960, a discussão acerca dos processos de ensino-aprendizagem e de avaliação se intensificaram. O objetivo do presente estudo foi elucidar marcos conceituais da avaliação e promover a reflexão acerca da prática presentemente em vigor. Para a realização deste estudo o embasamento se deu por meio de levantamento de dados bibliográficos procedentes da literatura. A evolução histórica do processo avaliativo se deu concomitantemente ao florescer de diferentes definições, que tomam como base uma ampla variedade de pressupostos metodológicos ou epistemológicos. Estes levam ao surgimento de diferentes paradigmas e modelos de avaliação. Não cabe mais entender a avaliação como um simples ato de dar notas, por
meio da aplicação de testes ou provas. A perspectiva deve estar voltada para o entendimento de que a avaliação não existe por si, mas para a atividade para a qual serve.
The European Public Servant: A Shared Administrative Identity?
Authors: Overeem Patrick
Published: May 2016

Sager, Fritz, and Patrick Overeem, eds. The European Public Servant: A Shared Administrative Identity? Colchester: ECPR Press.2015. ISBN: 9781907301742.
A questão ambiental e a saúde
Authors: CARNEIRO Fernando Ferreira
Published: May 2016

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Saúde suplementar
Authors: ITURRI AJosé Antonio
Published: May 2016

Pode-se afirmar que a natureza, a forma e o grau de intervenção estatal na regulação da oferta e demanda de recursos envolvidos com as redes de cuidados e serviços de saúde mantêm correspondência com a extensão do direito à saúde e com os diversos tipos de sistemas organizados para efetivá-lo. No Brasil, à diferença de outros países que adotaram sistemas universais de saúde (Costa Rica, Canadá, Cuba), “o sistema público convive com um considerável mercado privado de planos e seguros de saúde”. ...
Pathogenic Escherichia coli – virulence mechanisms
Authors: Półtorak Katarzyna , Wieczorek Kinga , Osek Jacek
Published: May 2016

E. coli are the predominant microorganisms in the human gastrointestinal tract. In most cases, they exist as harmless comensals, and some of them are beneficial to their host in balancing gut flora and absorption of nutrients. However, there are pathogenic strains that cause a broad range of diseases in humans and animals, from diarrhea to bloodstream infections. Among bacterial strains causing these symptoms, seven pathotypes are now recognized: enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), diffusely adherent E. coli (DAEC), and adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC). Several different strains cause diverse diseases by means of virulence factors that facilitate their interactions with the host, including colonization of the intestinal epithelial surfaces, crossing of the mucosal barriers, invasion of the bloodstream and internal organs or producing toxins that affect various cellular processes. Pathogenic E. coli are commonly studied in humans, animals, food and the environment, in developed and developing countries. The presented paper reviews recent information concerning the pathogenic mechanisms of E. coli, the role of animals and food in the transmission chain and a short overview of epidemiological data.
Proactive Personality As a Moderator Between Work Stress and Employees' Internal Growth
Authors: Zhao Xin , Zhou Mi , Liu Qian , Kang Hua
Published: May 2016

We introduced and interpreted stress-related growth from the perspective of individual career development, to examine the relationship between work stress and self-efficacy, which is an indicator of internal career growth. We explored why some employees achieve selfdevelopment and growth
in their career under stress but others do not. We used a 2-wave longitudinal design with engineers and accountants (202 valid samples) from the Chinese mainland. Results indicated that proactive personality had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between work stress and self-efficacy.
Specifically, work stress increased the self-efficacy of highly proactive employees but decreased that of less proactive employees. This suggests that managers can moderately increase the work stress of employees with a highly proactive personality to promote their internal career growth.
Pricing Aesthetics: How Cognitive Perception Affects Bidding for Artworks
Authors: Liu Lili , Du Rong , Fan Weiguo
Published: May 2016

Using organizational commitment theory, we proposed a model to characterize how community commitment affects the usage behavior of online knowledge community (OKC) members, and to depict the contextual antecedents of that commitment. We analyzed survey data from 255 users of an OKC
and found that continuance, affective, and normative community commitment each had a prominent but different influence on the OKC members' usage behavior; as contextual antecedents, the usability attribute had a significant effect on continuance community commitment, and community atmosphere
played an important role in both affective and normative community commitment. These findings contribute to researchers' understanding of the effect of community commitment on OKC members' usage behavior. Managers of OKCs may use the findings to target contextual antecedents of commitment
to encourage usage.
A note on the Gröbner-Shirshov bases over ad-hoc extensions of groups
Authors: Karpuz Eylem , Ates Firat , Urlu Nurten , Cevik Sinan , Cangul Naci
Published: May 2016

The main goal of this paper is to obtain (non-commutative) Gr?bner-Shirshov
bases for monoid presentations of the knit product of cyclic groups and the
iterated semidirect product of free groups. Each of the results here will
give a new algorithm for getting normal forms of the elements of these
groups, and hence a new algorithm for solving the word problem over them.
On a characterization of compactness and the Abel-Poisson summability of fourier coefficients in Banach spaces
Authors: Öztürk Seda
Published: May 2016

In this paper, for an isometric strongly continuous linear representation
denoted by ? of the topological group of the unit circle in complex Banach
space, we study an integral representation for Abel-Poisson mean A?r (x)
of the Fourier coefficients family of an element x, and it is proved that this
family is Abel-Poisson summable to x. Finally, we give some tests which are
related to characterizations of relatively compactness of a subset by means
of Abel-Poisson operator A?r and ?.
Approximation properties of Jain-Stancu operators
Authors: Özarslan Mehmet
Published: May 2016

In the present paper, we introduce the Stancu type Jain operators, which
generalize the wellknown Sz?sz-Mirakyan operators via Lagrange expansion. We
investigate their weighted approximation properties and compute the error of
approximation by using the modulus of continuity. We also give an asymptotic
expansion of Voronovskaya type. Finally, we introduce a modified form of our
operators, which preserves linear functions, provides a better error
estimation than the Jain operators and allows us to give global results in a
certain subclass of C[0,?). Note that the usual Jain operators do not
preserve linear functions and the global results in a certain subspace of
C[0,?) can not be given for them.
Generalized Gaussian quadratures for integrals with logarithmic singularity
Authors: Milovanovic Gradimir
Published: May 2016

A short account on Gaussian quadrature rules for integrals with logarithmic
singularity, as well as some new results for weighted Gaussian quadrature
formulas with respect to generalized Gegenbauer weight x |? |x|(1-x2)?,
? > -1, on (-1,1), which are appropriated for functions with and
without logarithmic singularities, are considered. Methods for constructing
such kind of quadrature formulas and some numerical examples are included.
Some identities relating to degenerate Bernoulli polynomials
Authors: Kim Taekyun , Kim Dae , Kwon Hyuck-In
Published: May 2016

Recently, Carlitz degenerate Bernoulli numbers and polynomials have been
studied by several authors (see [3,4]). In this paper, we consider new
degenerate Bernoulli numbers and polynomials, different from Carlitz
degenerate Bernoulli numbers and polynomials, and give some formulae and
identities related to these numbers and polynomials.
Notes on unified q-Apostol-type polynomials
Authors: Kurt Burak
Published: May 2016

Recently, many mathematicians (Karande and Thakare [6], Ozarslan [14], Ozden
et. al. [15], El-Deouky et. al. [5]) have studied the unification of
Bernoulli, Euler and Genocchi polynomials. They gave some recurrence
relations and proved some theorems. Mahmudov [13] defined the new q-Apostol-
Bernoulli and q-Apostol-Euler polynomials. Also he gave the analogous of the
Srivastava-Pint?r addition theorems. Kurt [8] gave the new identities and
some relations for these polynomials. In this work, we give some recurrence
relations for the unified q-Apostol-type polynomials related to multiple
sums. By using generating functions we derive many new identities and
recurrence relations associated with the q-Apostol type Bernoulli, the
q-Apostol-type Euler and the q-Apostol-type Genocchi polynomials and numbers
and also the generalized Stirling type numbers of the second kind.
A novel-iterative simulation method for performance analysis of non-coherent FSK/ASK systems over Rice/Rayleigh channels using the wolfram language
Authors: Mladenovic Vladimir , Milosevic Danijela
Published: May 2016

In this paper, a new approach in solving and analysing the performances of
the digital telecommunication non-coherent FSK/ASK system in the presence of
noise is derived, by using a computer algebra system. So far, most previous
solutions cannot be obtained in closed form, which can be a problem for
detailed analysis of complex communication systems. In this case, there is no
insight into the influence of certain parameters on the performance of the
system. The analysis, modelling and design can be time-consuming. One of the
main reasons is that these solutions are obtained by utilising traditional
numerical tools in the shape of closed-form expressions. Our results were
obtained in closed-form solutions. They are resolved by the introduction of
an iteration-based simulation method. The Wolfram language is used for
describing applied symbolic tools, and SchematicSolver application package
has been used for designing. In a new way, the probability density function
and the impact of the newly introduced parameter of iteration are performed
when errors are calculated. Analyses of the new method are applied to several
scenarios: without fading, in the presence of Rayleigh fading, Rician fading,
and in cases when the signals are correlated and uncorrelated.
Pilomatrixoma in Periocular Tissues: A Case Report from Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Nazmul , Lodh Dipankar , Siddiqui Mohammad Mamun , Mannan Mahedi , Khan AF Mohiuddin
Published: May 2016

Benign calcifying epithelioma of  Malherbe or pilomatrixoma or pilomatricoma is less common lesion of the periocular  tissues  arising from the matrix cells at the base of the hair. In the periocular area, it usually arises from the lids and eyebrows. Pilomatrixoma has certain characteristic clinical and histopathological features, but since it is not commonly suspected preoperatively, certain distinctive clinical features of tumour should suggest clinical diagnosis followed by histopathological confirmation.Journal of Science Foundation, 2015;13(1):21-24DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v13i1.27830
BAALC and ERG Expression in Egyptian Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Relation to Survival and Response to Treatment
Authors: Soliman Aml , Abdel Aal Asmaa , Afify Reham , Ibrahim Noha
Published: May 2016

AIM: Aim was to detect Brain and Acute Leukemia, Cytoplasmic (BAALC) and ETS-related gene (ERG) expression in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) as well as to study their biologic and prognostic impact on the disease outcome and survival.PATIENTS AND METHODS: The current study was carried out on 44 patients with denovo acute myeloid leukemia, as well as 44 age and sex matched controls. The quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was performed for estimation of BAALC and ERG expression.RESULTS: The current study was carried out on 44 patients with denovo acute myeloid leukemia, as well as 44 age and sex matched controls. The quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was performed for estimation of BAALC and ERG expression. BAALC was expressed in 36 (81.82%) of AML cases versus 10 (22.72%) of the control group which was highly statistically significant (P < 0.001). While ERG was positive in 39(88.64%) of cases and 8(18.18 %) of controls and that was also highly statistically significant (P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Further researches still needed to clarify the role of BAALC and ERG in the pathogenesis of leukemia and their importance as targets for treatment of AML.
Realization and Application of Multimedia Video System Based on Web Server in Teaching of Engineering Measurement
Authors: Wang Xiaorong
Published: May 2016

In recent years, a new teaching mode – multimedia video system has risen sharply with the rapid development of network technology, computer hardware and software technology and multimedia technology. As the carrier of a new teaching environment, network teaching supplements traditional teaching mutually, extends the limit of space and time, creates a new path of independent study and provides an effective and feasible approach for the realization of continuing education, education for all and life-long education. This paper studies the architecture of multimedia video system and key technologies for its realization from the perspective of WEB server realization technology in combination with FLV (Flash Video) streaming media technology and meanwhile verifies the application effect of the online teaching video system. According to the teaching experiment, multimedia video system based on web server has far better teaching effect and results in higher learning initiative and satisfaction of students than traditional teaching in the experimental teaching of Engineering Measurement.
Application and Empirical Investigation of New MOOC Teaching System in Computer Application Course
Authors: JI Zhenhua
Published: May 2016

this paper summarized the characteristics of the traditional computer teaching, through analysis, it pointed out the deficiencies of the traditional computer teaching in the process. This paper introduced MOOC(massive open online teaching), explained its merits in teaching with details. Taking computer application course in vocational college as experimental subject, study on effect of multimedia MOOC teaching system on the course were conducted. Study shows that multimedia MOOC teaching systems can greatly improve students ' enthusiasm for computer learning, it can improve students ' learning efficiency with online interact learning and personalized learning, it also increases application efficiency of educational resources. Multimedia MOOC systems is more adaptive to the needs of our time, but there are also some weakness, this paper put forward improvement suggestions for the system hoping to contribute a little for wide application of multimedia MOOC system.
Genetic diversity in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)
Authors: Mohanraj K. , Gopalan A. , Shanmuganathan M.
Published: May 2016

Fifty five accessions from ICRISAT with different geographical origins were grown at Department of Forage Crops, Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu during June, 2002 in a randomized complete block design with two replications in order to assess the genetic diversity. Five randomly selected plants from each accession were used to record observation on days to 50 percent flowering, plant height, leaf length, leaf breadth, number of leaves, leaf/stem ratio, Stover yield, grain yield per plant and total soluble solids. Genetic diversity was studied using Mahalanobis’s D2 statistics and clustering of accessions was done according to Tocher’s method. The analysis of variance showed highly significant differences among the accessions for all the characters studied. The clustering pattern revealed that genetic diversity was not necessarily correlated with geographical origins. Stover yield made the largest contribution to total variability (48.82 percent) followed by total soluble solids (19.53 percent) and days to 50 percent flowering (10.98 percent). Multivariate analysis grouped the accessions in to 21 clusters. Cluster II and V were the largest and consisted of 10 accessions each followed by cluster I (8 accessions) and cluster IV (5 accessions). The largest inter cluster distance were observed between cluster XII and XVIII (73.73) followed by VI and XVIII (71.67) indicating that the crosses between accessions of these different clusters could give heterotic responses and better segregants after hybridization.
Food insecurity in Sri Lankan scenario; causes and remedies
Authors: Ranaweera K. K. D. S.
Published: May 2016

Adequate domestic availability of basic foods is a primary condition to satisfy the requirements of food security, a state in which the population, at all times, have the material and financial means to obtain the basic foods they need. Agriculture is the major source of employment in Sri Lanka while contributing to about 20% of GDP of the country.Besides its dependence on food production, food security depends either directly or indirectly on a wide range of factors; population growth and distribution, income changes due to socio-economic factors, urbanization and industrialization, agrotechnology employed, acceptance of local foods at the market, unsecured income of farmers, change of life styles due to the open economy, ecological and environmental problems related to food production, national planning and government policies with long term goals towards the prevention of looming famine, gender inequity in agricultural and food technological activities and food losses due to improper post harvest handling which in some instances represent up to 60%.The present paper analyses all these important factors and presents prospects for this problem, making recommendations for improving food security. In addition, Sri Lanka should develop policies that are compatible with its own environment. Great care should also be taken to set up an interactive co-ordination among the Agro-food sector institutions and entrepreneurs and to establish policies to address issues related to socio-economic sphere, nutrition and health. A collective effort of governmental and non-governmental organizations, farmer associations and other stakeholders is of primary importance in the implementation of these policies.
Procurement behavior of the fruit and vegetable industry in Sri Lanka
Authors: Esham M. , Usami K.
Published: May 2016

The fruit and vegetable industry is considered to have the potential to develop backward linkages towards small farmers and so accelerate crop diversification in the paddy dominated non-plantation agriculture in Sri Lanka. Therefore, it may be instrumental to have some understanding of the type of backward linkages used by the industry to procure raw materials, the associated constraints and the industry’s perception of small farmers as suppliers. This study utilized data collected from ten fruit and vegetable processors, seven exporters and one of the largest supermarket chains in Sri Lanka. Spot markets, contract suppliers and contract farmers were the three major procurement channels of the fruit and vegetable industry. The industry considered contract farmers as a reliable source of raw material supply. Moreover, the industry had a positive perception of small farmers’ ability to be contract-farming partners to supply industry requirements. However, lack of proper organization models to organize small farmers was seen as a major constraint resulting in high cost of establishing and managing linkages with small farmers.