bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing the Level of Knowledge of Reproductive Age Women about Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA Test) at PMB S. April - May Period in 2023
Authors: Sartika Dewi Sartika , Sarimalini Masayu Delta , Widiyanti Wiwi
Published: November 2023

Background: Cervical cancer is a disease caused by sexually acquired infection with Human Papiloma Virus (HPV) sub-types, especially sub-types 16 and 18 (WHO, 2016). IVA is an examination of the cervix (cervix) by looking directly (naked) at the cervix after wiping the cervix with a 3-5% acetic acid solution. Based on data from the Indonesian cancer foundation, in Indonesia 1 hour 1 person dies from cervical cancer and 34.4 per cent of cancers in women. The number of new cases of cervical cancer is 40 to 45 per day.
Purpose: To find out what factors influence the level of knowledge of WUS on knowledge about VIA test in PMB S period April-May 2023?
Methods: The design used was a survey with a "Cross Sectional" approach, namely research on several populations observed at the same time, The population taken in this study were all Women of Fertile Age (WUS) who conducted family planning at PMB S on 18 April - 08 May Tangerang Banten Year 2023
Results: Based on statistical tests, it was found that there was no significant relationship between age and the level of knowledge of women of childbearing age about visual inspection of acetic acid (VIA) test where the p value = 0.171 (p> 0.050), there was no significant relationship between education and the level of knowledge of women of childbearing age about visual inspection of acetic acid (VIA) where the p value = 0.196 (p> 0.050), it was found that there was no significant relationship between education and the level of knowledge of women of childbearing age about visual inspection of acetic acid (VIA) where the p value = 0.196 (p> 0.050).0.050), it was found that there was a significant relationship between work and the level of knowledge of women of childbearing age about visual inspection of acetic acid (VIA) test at PMB Siti Rahayu Kreo Tangerang Banten in 2023 where the p value = 0.012 (p> 0.050).
Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between the level of knowledge of WUS and work, level of knowledge, age of WUS about visual inspection of acetic acid (VIA).
Differences of First Stage Labor with Lemon and Lavender Aromateraphy in Panongan Health Centre Tangerang Regency
Authors: Azzahroh Putri , Maman Arita Yuanita , Rukmaini
Published: November 2023

Background: Severe pain during labor can cause fatigue in the mother so that there is a risk of prolonged labor which can endanger the mother and fetus. Panongan Community Health Center, Tangerang Regency, Banten in January-March 2022 there were 142 deliveries, 11 mothers (7.8%) of whom delivered SC at the mother's request because they could not stand the pain of labor.
Purpose: To determine the differences in labor pain in the first stage of labor for mothers who were given lavender aromatherapy and lemon aromatherapy at the Panongan Health Center, Tangerang Regency, in 2022.
Methods: Quasy experimental design study with two group pre-post test design. The sample in this study was 30 respondents using a purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using paired sample t-test and Independent T-Test which were previously tested for normality and homogeneity.
Results: Pain in the first stage of labor in women giving birth before giving lavender aromatherapy averaged 6.00 and after being given lavender aromatherapy an average of 3.20 with an average difference of 2.80. Pain in the first stage of labor in women giving birth before giving lemon aromatherapy averaged 6.47 and after being given lemon aromatherapy averaged 1.73 with an average difference of 4.74. The results of bivariate analysis with paired sample t-test giving lavender aromatherapy a value of 0.000 and lemon aromatherapy a p value of 0.000. Independent T-Test results posttest p value 0.002.
Conclusion: there are differences between lavender aromatherapy and lemon aromatherapy on first stage labor pain among mothers. It is hoped that giving lemon and lavender aromatherapy can be applied thoroughly in Indonesian health services.
Traces du passé, questions du présent : quelles transformations pour l’ingénierie de
formation ?
Authors: Quenson Emmanuel
Published: November 2023

Prenant ses distances avec la plupart des travaux consacrés à l’ingénierie de
formation qui identifient ses débuts dans les années 1980, cet article propose une
interprétation différente qui situe l’apparition des pratiques, méthodes, outils et acteurs
dédiés à ce domaine d’activité dans les industries à partir de l’entre-deux-guerres.
L’ingénierie de formation est alors au service de la rationalisation de la production pour
former et stabiliser les personnels qualifiés. Depuis les années 2000, elle doit s’ajuster à
la nouvelle donne que représente l’individualisation du rapport salarial qui fait de la
formation et des parcours des salariés une condition de l’employabilité, posant ainsi la
question de sa transformation en une ingénierie destinée à accompagner des individus sommés
d’être autonomes et responsables.
Conversion du regard : philosophie et ingénierie chez Gaston Berger
Authors: Escudié Marie-Pierre
Published: November 2023

Cet article propose de penser le projet d’ingénierie pédagogique de l’INSA Lyon consacré à la réforme des enseignements pour répondre la transition socio-écologique, à l’aune de la pensée et l’action de Gaston Berger, un des principaux fondateurs de cette école d’ingénieur.e.s. Si l’on retient que l’ingénierie nécessite une philosophie, cette dernière consiste en une opération de « conversion du regard » de l’idéalisme transcendental au pragmatisme, impliquant une éthique des connaissances. Cette étude vise également à nourrir la signification de la vision humaniste du rôle de l’ingénieur.e.
L’ingénierie de formation au Brésil : appropriations de la didactique française dans la recherche en éducation
Authors: Marcos De Lima Araujo Ronaldo , Texeira Da Silva Luciane
Published: November 2023

L’ingénierie de formation est encore un thème peu présent dans les productions académiques brésiliennes, n’apparaissant qu’au début des années 2000. Au Brésil, les recherches portant sur « l’ingénierie didactique » sont plus fréquentes. Dans cet article sont étudiées les usages du construit d’ingénierie didactique dans les productions scientifiques brésiliennes. Il s’agit d’une étude exploratoire, réalisée à partir d’une analyse de thèses et d’articles dans des revues scientifiques brésiliennes. Dans les programmes de Master et de doctorat, la convocation de l’ingénierie didactique masque une appropriation non critique et non originale d’idées le plus souvent importées de la didactique française.
L’invention du patient formateur : repenser l’ingénierie de formation et promouvoir le partenariat en santé
Authors: Lartiguet Patrick , Broussal Dominique , Saint-Jean Michèle
Published: November 2023

La participation des patients à la formation des professionnels de santé constitue une rupture paradigmatique, non seulement au regard de ce qui a cours dans ce champ particulier qu’au regard de ce que l’on peut observer dans l’ensemble des formations préparant aux métiers adressés à autrui. L’objet de cet article est d’envisager cette mobilisation de patients formateurs à la fois comme un changement effectif et comme un opérateur potentiel de changement. Nous nous appuierons pour ce faire sur une recherche-intervention visant à promouvoir le partenariat en santé et sur le fonctionnement et les productions de l’un des groupes de travail dédié à la formation des professionnels de santé.
A mechanistic insight into sources of error of visual working memory in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Motahharynia Ali , Pourmohammadi Ahmad , Adibi Armin , Shaygannejad Vahid , Ashtari Fereshteh , Adibi Iman , Sanayei Mehdi
Published: November 2023

Working memory (WM) is one of the most affected cognitive domains in multiple sclerosis (MS), which is mainly studied by the previously established binary model for information storage (slot model). However, recent observations based on the continuous reproduction paradigms have shown that assuming dynamic allocation of WM resources (resource model) instead of the binary hypothesis will give more accurate predictions in WM assessment. Moreover, continuous reproduction paradigms allow for assessing the distribution of error in recalling information, providing new insights into the organization of the WM system. Hence, by utilizing two continuous reproduction paradigms, memory-guided localization (MGL) and analog recall task with sequential presentation, we investigated WM dysfunction in MS. Our results demonstrated an overall increase in recall error and decreased recall precision in MS. While sequential paradigms were better in distinguishing healthy control from relapsing-remitting MS, MGL were more accurate in discriminating MS subtypes (relapsing-remitting from secondary progressive), providing evidence about the underlying mechanisms of WM deficit in progressive states of the disease. Furthermore, computational modeling of the results from the sequential paradigm determined that imprecision in decoding information and swap error (mistakenly reporting the feature of other presented items) was responsible for WM dysfunction in MS. Overall, this study offered a sensitive measure for assessing WM deficit and provided new insight into the organization of the WM system in MS population.
Sensory neurons couple arousal and foraging decisions in C. elegans
Authors: Scheer Elias , Bargmann Cornelia I.
Published: November 2023

Foraging animals optimize feeding decisions by adjusting both common and rare behavioral patterns. Here, we characterize the relationship between an animal’s arousal state and a rare decision to leave a patch of bacterial food. Using long-term tracking and behavioral state classification, we find that food leaving decisions in
C. elegans
are coupled to arousal states across multiple timescales. Leaving emerges probabilistically over minutes from the high arousal roaming state, but is suppressed during the low arousal dwelling state. Immediately before leaving, animals have a brief acceleration in speed that appears as a characteristic signature of this behavioral motif. Neuromodulatory mutants and optogenetic manipulations that increase roaming have a coupled increase in leaving rates, and similarly acute manipulations that inhibit feeding induce both roaming and leaving. By contrast, inactivating a set of chemosensory neurons that depend on the cGMP-gated transduction channel TAX-4 uncouples roaming and leaving dynamics. In addition,
tax-4-
expressing sensory neurons promote lawn-leaving behaviors that are elicited by feeding inhibition. Our results indicate that sensory neurons responsive to both internal and external cues play an integrative role in arousal and foraging decisions.
Temporally specific gene expression and chromatin remodeling programs regulate a conserved Pdyn enhancer
Authors: Phillips Robert A , Wan Ethan , Tuscher Jennifer J , Reid David , Drake Olivia R , Ianov Lara , Day Jeremy J
Published: November 2023

Neuronal and behavioral adaptations to novel stimuli are regulated by temporally dynamic waves of transcriptional activity, which shape neuronal function and guide enduring plasticity. Neuronal activation promotes expression of an immediate early gene (IEG) program comprised primarily of activity-dependent transcription factors, which are thought to regulate a second set of late response genes (LRGs). However, while the mechanisms governing IEG activation have been well studied, the molecular interplay between IEGs and LRGs remain poorly characterized. Here, we used transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility profiling to define activity-driven responses in rat striatal neurons. As expected, neuronal depolarization generated robust changes in gene expression, with early changes (1 hr) enriched for inducible transcription factors and later changes (4 hr) enriched for neuropeptides, synaptic proteins, and ion channels. Remarkably, while depolarization did not induce chromatin remodeling after 1 hr, we found broad increases in chromatin accessibility at thousands of sites in the genome at 4 hr after neuronal stimulation. These putative regulatory elements were found almost exclusively at non-coding regions of the genome, and harbored consensus motifs for numerous activity-dependent transcription factors such as AP-1. Furthermore, blocking protein synthesis prevented activity-dependent chromatin remodeling, suggesting that IEG proteins are required for this process. Targeted analysis of LRG loci identified a putative enhancer upstream of Pdyn (prodynorphin), a gene encoding an opioid neuropeptide implicated in motivated behavior and neuropsychiatric disease states. CRISPR-based functional assays demonstrated that this enhancer is both necessary and sufficient for Pdyn transcription. This regulatory element is also conserved at the human PDYN locus, where its activation is sufficient to drive PDYN transcription in human cells. These results suggest that IEGs participate in chromatin remodeling at enhancers and identify a conserved enhancer that may act as a therapeutic target for brain disorders involving dysregulation of Pdyn.
Naringenin attenuates inflammation and apoptosis of osteoarthritic chondrocytes via the TLR4/TRAF6/NF-κB pathway
Authors: Wang Yan , Li Zhengzhao , Wang Bo , Li Ke , Zheng Jiaxuan
Published: November 2023

Naringenin is a flavonoid extracted from the seed coat of Anacardiaceae plants. Increasing evidence indicates that it has several properties of biological significance, such as anti-infection, sterilization, anti-allergy, antioxidant free radical, and anti-tumor. However, its effect on osteoarthritis has not been elucidated properly. In this study, the treatment of primary chondrocytes with interleukin (IL)-1β was found to increase the secretions of IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Further, the mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase ((MMP)3, MMP9, and MMP13), the protein expression of Recombinant A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase With Thrombospondin 5 (ADAMTS5), and cell apoptosis increased; the protein expression of Collagen II decreased. The injury of primary chondrocytes induced by IL-1β was reversed under the intervention of naringenin; this reversal was dose-dependent. The mechanistic study showed that naringenin inhibited the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6)/NF-κB pathway in IL-1β-stimulated primary cells, and LPS, a TLR4 activator, reversed this inhibitory effect. In addition, a mouse model of osteoarthritis was established and treated with naringenin. The results revealed that naringenin alleviated the pathological symptoms of osteoarthritis in mice, reduced the expression of TLR4 and TRAF6, and the phosphorylation of NF-κB in knee cartilage tissue. It also inhibited the secretion of inflammatory factors, reduced extracellular matrix degradation, and decreased the protein expression of cleaved caspase3. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest that naringenin may be a potential option for the treatment of osteoarthritis.
Potentials of Sawdust and Rice Husk as Source of Energy for Electricity Generation in Ebonyi South, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Nnanna Innocent
Published: November 2023

Aim: The study aims to evaluate experimentally the calorific value and the chemical composition of the sample (sawdust and rice husk).

Methodology: This study was based on an experimental analysis to determine the potential of sawdust and rice husk (a combined sample) as a source of energy generation. Samples were collected from seven different areas, considering one sawmill and two rice mills in each area. The samples collected were mixed with various mass ratios, dried in an oven, and then sieved to obtain homogeneous sizes. The samples were tested for chemical composition using ultimate and proximate analysis, while the caloric values were tested using a bomb calorimeter.

Place and duration: Ebonyi South region of Ebonyi State, Nigeria, between October 2022 and June 2023

Study Design: With respect to potentiality and availability, the quantity of the combined sample generated per year was obtained from mill personnel. The data collected were carefully computed and analyzed to reflect the stated aim.

Results: The results showed that the combined sample contains 36.20 MJ/kg calorific value, 3.13% carbon, 38.31% hydrogen, 6.65% sulfur, 0.11 carbon monoxide, 45.11% oxygen, and 50.96% fixed carbon. Therefore, at 80% utilization per year, 7949.69 MWh of electricity would be generated using 10334.60 tons of the sample (sawdust and rice husk) on an average scale.

Conclusion: The study carried out has shown that the Ebonyi South region of Nigeria has the required quantity of sawdust and rice husk that can be used to generate electricity if properly harnessed. There is no doubt that the study has raised awareness about the benefits of  the proper harnessing of agricultural waste to reduce the emission of dangerous gases into the environment.
Reduction of Salmonella enterica & Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Development on Glass Tube by Plant Extracts
Authors: Mahmud Md. Sultan , Rahman Md. Ashiqur , Islam Md. Nazmul , Islam Sadia , Saha Sajib Kumar , Islam Md. Taijul , Khatun Anny , Adhikari Silva
Published: November 2023

The objective of the present study is to evaluate anti-biofilm effect of the water soluble plant extracts such Coccinia grandis, Terminalia arjuna, Centella asiatica against Salmonella enterica and Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. Crude water soluble extracts of respective plants with different concentration was evaluated against biofilm adopting glass tube. Then washed with crystal violet dye and PBS buffer for observing the ring formation. Biofilm inhibition study revealed water soluble plant extracts inhibited biofilm formation. In our experiment we found that the plant extracts Coccinia grandis, Terminalia arjuna & Centella asiatica gave excellent result for the reduction of biofilm of Salmonella enteric & Staphylococcus aureus. Water soluble Coccinia grandis extract is very effective for biofilm reduction than alcoholic C. grandis extracts. We measured the antiplantonic effect of these extracts by including the extracts into the nutrient agar media that containing respective organism by creating the hole into the plate then observed the result after 24-hour incubation. We also measured minimum inhibition concentration of these extracts through spectrophotometer with the help of the nutrient broth media. Bacterial motality was tested in petri plates with semi-solid medium (LB+0.4% agar) containing plant extracts and culture were inoculated in the center of the plate. This research will be very beneficial for us to reduce the pathogenic S, aureus & S. enterica biofilm by natural source especially plant extracts.
Stability Analysis for Seed Yield and Related Traits of Oat (Avena sativa L.) under Varied Conditions of North-Western Himalayas
Authors: Devi Rajni , Sood V. K. , Arora Arushi
Published: November 2023

This study was undertaken to determine the stability of oat genotypes for seed yield under different environmental conditions prevalent in north- western Himalayas. One hundred and twenty-one genotypes including five checks were evaluated in simple lattice design for three years (Rabi 2015-16 to 2017-18). The stability was estimated using Eberhart and Russell model for six traits viz., days to 50% flowering, days to 75% maturity, biological yield per plant, harvest index (%), 1000-seed weight (g) and seed yield per plant (g). The pooled analysis of variance showed that genotypes behaved differently for all the traits over the environments. The most stable performing genotypes identified were S8-217, UPO-119, Oats-17 and Oats-8655, respectively. However, the best performing and stable genotypes for seed yield were JPO-24 and Oat- 79. Thus, the genotypes identified as stable and well adapted over test environments could be exploited as valuable gene pool in further breeding programme, for developing stable genotypes with high yield potential or could be tested in multi-locational trials to release as a cultivar.
Nutrient Dynamics for Hydroponic Production System
Authors: Thakur Pranjal , Wadhwa Hardik , Kaushal Shilpa , Shubham
Published: November 2023

As our world has become more populated and cities have grown, the amount of land available for farming per person has gone down a lot. Back in 1960, when there were 3 billion people, each person had about half a hectare of land for farming. But now, with 6 billion people, it's down to just a quarter of a hectare, and it's expected to shrink even more to just a tiny 0.16 hectares by 2050. Several things are making this problem worse. Cities and industries are expanding, and climate change is causing icebergs to melt, which can flood and ruin farmland. Also, the soil that we grow crops in has reached a point where it can't get much more fertile, even if we use more and more fertilizers. Some areas have really poor soil, and the natural process of soil getting better with time is getting disrupted because we keep farming the same land over and over. On top of that, there are more droughts, unpredictable weather, higher temperatures, pollution in rivers, and wasteful water use. All these challenges are making it harder to grow enough food using traditional farming with soil. That's why soil-less farming, where plants grow without soil, is becoming more important. It's a way to produce food that uses less space and water, and it's showing some good results around the world.
Effect of Guazuma ulmifolia tannins in the diet of Pelibuey lambs on animal performance and meat characteristics
Authors: Ayala Monter Marco Antonio , Hernández Mendo Omar , Hernández Sánchez David , López Ortiz Silvia , Aranda Osorio Gilberto , Martínez Martínez Ricardo
Published: November 2023

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the response of animal performance and meat characteristics of Pelibuey lambs to tannins of Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. in the diet. Twenty-eight male Pelibuey lambs (initial body weight of 23.6 ± 1.0 kg; 5 months old) were randomly assigned to one of four treatments (T): T1, control (base diet); T2, diet 1.5% tannins; T3, diet 2.5% tannins; and T4, diet 1000 IU vitamin E. Vitamin E was used as a positive control treatment. The variables evaluated were daily weight gain (DWG), dry matter intake (DMI), feed conversion, and carcass and meat characteristics. The experimental design was completely randomized, and treatments means were compared with Tukey test (P<0.05). None of the evaluated variables were different between treatments (P>0.05), except meat color (P<0.05), with higher values of L*(34.88), a*(11.49), and b*(2.28) when tannins were added to the diet of the lambs, without affecting the dry matter intake. Including Guazuma ulmifolia foliage in sheep feeding could be a feasible alternative.

Keywords: Carcass dressing; Guazuma; Meat quality; Pelibuey sheep; Tannin
Tenderness and physicochemical characteristics of meat treated by recombinant bromelain of MD2 pineapple from a codon-optimized synthetic gene
Authors: Razali Rafida , Kumar Vijay , Budiman Cahyo
Published: November 2023

Bromelain is a complex of cysteine proteases from pineapple (Ananas comosus) which was widely used in meat tenderizers. Earlier, using a synthetic optimized gene approach, recombinant bromelain of MD2-pineapple (MD2-MBro) was successfully produced in a fully soluble form. Nevertheless, the use of MD2-MBro to tenderize the meat has never been examined. Indeed, no report on the meat tenderization activity using recombinant bromelain was found. The aim of the current study is to determine the effect of MD2-MBro on meat tenderness and its physicochemical properties. To address this, MD2-MBro was over-expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 CodonPlus(DE3), followed by purification using a single step of Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Fresh lamb shoulder meat from a local market in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, was then treated with MD2-MBro at the concentration of 0 (B0), 0.01 (B1), 0.05 (B2), and 0.1% (B3). The meat tenderness was measured using Warner-Bratzler shear forces, indicating that the addition of MD2-MBro had significantly (P < 0.01) reduced the shear force value from 8.80kg/cm2 to the range of 6.01 to 6.92 kg/cm2, which falls under the category of tender. The ability of MD2-MBro to tenderize meat might be related to its ability to degrade myofibril protein, as demonstrated by the formation of a clear zone under an agar plate system and scanning electron microscopy. Besides, the total protein or sarcoplasmic protein solubility was significantly enhanced by the MD2-MBro treatments, along with soluble peptides, free amino acids, collagen content, and collagen solubility, which indicated the improvement in meat protein digestibility. Other physicochemical properties (color, pH, water-holding capacity, and cooking loss) of the meat were affected by MD2-MBro treatments yet remained in the normal range. Altogether, while MD2-MBro consisted of only a single cysteine protease enzyme, this protein can tenderize meat and increase protein digestibility, with acceptable changes in the overall physicochemical properties.

Keywords: bromelain, cysteine protease, meat tenderizer, recombinant protein, pineapple
Manipulating Vertical Phase Separation Enables Pseudoplanar Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells Over 19% Efficiency via Ternary Polymerization
Authors: He Dan , Zhou Jixiang , Zhu Yufan , Li Yawen , Wang Ke , Li Jie , Zhang Jianqi , Li Bao , Lin Yuze , He Yuehui , Wang Chunru , Zhao Fuwen
Published: November 2023

Controlling vertical phase separation of the active layer to enable efficient exciton dissociation and charge carrier transport is crucial to boost power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of pseudoplanar heterojunction (PPHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs). However, how to optimize the vertical phase separation of PPHJ OSCs via molecule design is rarely reported yet. Herein, ternary polymerization strategy is employed to develop a series of polymer donors, DL1‐DL4, and regulate their solubility, molecular aggregation, molecular orientation, and miscibility, thus efficiently manipulating vertical phase separation in PPHJ OSCs. Among them, DL1 not only has enhanced solubility, inhibited molecular aggregation and partial edge‐on orientation to facilitate acceptor molecules, Y6, to permeate into polymer layer and increase donor/acceptor interfaces, but also sustains high crystallinity and appropriate miscibility with Y6 to acquire ordered molecular packing, thus achieving optimized vertical phase separation to well juggle exciton dissociation and charge transport in PPHJ devices. Therefore, DL1/Y6 based PPHJ OSCs gain the best exciton dissociation probability, highest charge carrier mobilities and weakest charge recombination, and thus afford an impressive PCE of 19.10%, which is the record value for terpolymer donors. It demonstrates that ternary polymerization is an efficient method to optimize vertical phase separation in PPHJ OSCs for high PCEs.
Evolutionary Reinforcement of Polymer Networks: A Stepwise‐Enhanced Strategy for Ultrarobust Eutectogels
Authors: Tang Ning , Jiang Yujia , Wei Kailun , Zheng Zhiran , Zhang Hao , Hu Jun
Published: November 2023

Gel materials are appealing due to their diverse applications in biomedicine, soft electronics, sensors, and actuators. Nevertheless, the existing synthetic gels are often plagued by feeble network structures and inherent defects associated with solvents, which compromise their mechanical load‐bearing capacity and cast persistent doubts about their reliability. Herein, combined with attractive deep eutectic solvent (DES), a stepwise‐enhanced strategy is presented to fabricate ultrarobust eutectogels. It focuses on the continuous modulation and optimization of polymer networks through complementary annealing and solvent exchange processes, which drives a progressive increase in both quantity and mass of the interconnected polymer chains at microscopic scale, hence contributing to the evolutionary enhancement of network structure. The resultant eutectogel exhibits superb mechanical properties, including record‐breaking strength (31.8 MPa), toughness (76.0 MJ m−3), and Young's modulus (25.6 MPa), together with exceptional resistance ability to tear and crack propagation. Moreover, this eutectogel is able to be further programmed through photolithography to in situ create patterned eutectogel for imparting specific functionalities. Enhanced by its broad applicability to various DES combinations, this stepwise‐enhanced strategy is poised to serve as a crucial template and methodology for the future development of robust gels.
Electrolyte Engineering via Competitive Solvation Structures for Developing Longevous Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Xuemei , Deng Zhiwen , Xu Changhaoyue , Deng Yan , Jia Ye , Luo Hang , Wu Hao , Cai Wenlong , Zhang Yun
Published: November 2023

Aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) are troubled by the severe Zn dendrite growth and side reactions, manifesting as low coulombic efficiency and poor cyclic stability. Electrolyte engineering is regarded as an efficient method to improve Zn metal reversibility. Herein, a distinctive electrolyte regulation strategy is demonstrated for long‐lasting ZIBs through the construction of competitive solvation structures. In the composite aqueous system, the insoluble LiNO3 in dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is introduced to outwit active water dissociation from Zn2+ coordination environment, and the organic/anion‐enriched solvation structure enables the formation of a stable interface to effectively restrain adverse reactions. Distinctly, the Zn metal anode exhibits inhibited dendrite growth with high reversibility of plating/stripping processes over 1600 h with an exceptional cumulative capacity over 16 Ah cm−2, an ultra‐long lifespan over high‐temperature (50 °C), and high discharge of depth (65%). Furthermore, the Zn || V2O5 full battery can operate stably over 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1. This work points a direction to effectively solve the major challenges of ZIBs through the collaborative construction of a regulated electrolyte environment and interfacial chemistry.
Synthesis of Schiff base functionalized organosilatranes for the detection of Zirconium (IV) ion: Their cytotoxicity evaluation and anti‐inflammatory activity against cyclooxygenase‐2 via computational approach
Authors: Singh Gurjaspreet , Thakur Yamini , Mithun  , Heena  , Sharma Samiksha , Kaur Harshbir , Espinosa‐Ruíz Cristóbal , Esteban María Angeles , Singh Kamal Nain
Published: November 2023

Zirconium, a transition metal with medical importance, is widely used and has a generally safe profile. However, prolonged and continuous exposure can lead to detrimental consequences; this necessitates the development of quick and efficient sensors for the detection of Zr(IV) ion. The current investigation focuses on the synthesis and characterization of 4‐(methylthio)benzaldehyde derived Schiff base functionalized organosilatranes (2a–2b). The probe 2a has been utilized as a UV–visible absorption based, highly selective and sensitive sensor for the detection of Zr(IV) ion with a limit of detection and association constant values of 10.89 × 10−7 M and 3.1 × 104 M−1, respectively. The practical applicability of the synthesized sensor has been determined in water samples, yielding good percentage recovery rates. The cytotoxicity assay has been performed using SAF‐1 cell line, rendering the synthesized compounds non‐toxic. Furthermore, molecular docking has been performed against cyclooxygenase‐2 in order to determine anti‐inflammatory activity of synthesized ligand with a binding energy score of −7.51 kcal mol−1.
Eco‐friendly micellar HPLC approach for simultaneous estimation of combination therapy for hidradenitis suppurativa: Applications to spiked human plasma and different dosage forms
Authors: Taha Asmaa M. , Hassan Wafaa S. , Elmasry Manal S. , Sayed Rania A.
Published: November 2023

This study introduces a new method for analyzing rifampicin, moxifloxacin, and metronidazole using a green micellar High Performance Liquid Chromatography‐Ultraviolet method in bulk drugs, different commercial formulations, and spiked human plasma. The combined therapy of these three broad‐spectrum antibiotics is used to cure refractory hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), an inflammatory condition affecting the skin. The sustainable separation was attained on a reversed‐phase C18 Kinetex® column maintained at ambient temperature in less than 5 min. The mobile phase comprises 0.1 M sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in water, pH 3.5, adjusted using o‐phosphoric acid, and 10% n‐butanol. The flow rate was 1 mL/min, with 10 μL injection volume and UV detection at 230 nm. The impact of three key significant variables, SDS concentration, n‐butanol percentage, and the mobile phase pH, on suitability parameters was studied. ICH and FDA guidelines were committed to when validating the technique. The results showed linear calibration graphs with high precision and accuracy, in both pure and spiked plasma. The method is efficient, easy to use, and has a high sample throughput, making it suitable for routine analysis in the quality control department and therapeutic monitoring. It is also evaluated as a green‐and‐white substitute for traditional reported methods.
Demystifying dimensionality reduction techniques in the ‘omics’ era: A practical approach for biological science students
Authors: Garma Leonardo D. , Osório Nuno S.
Published: November 2023

Dimensionality reduction techniques are essential in analyzing large ‘omics’ datasets in biochemistry and molecular biology. Principal component analysis, t‐distributed stochastic neighbor embedding, and uniform manifold approximation and projection are commonly used for data visualization. However, these methods can be challenging for students without a strong mathematical background. In this study, intuitive examples were created using COVID‐19 data to help students understand the core concepts behind these techniques. In a 4‐h practical session, we used these examples to demonstrate dimensionality reduction techniques to 15 postgraduate students from biomedical backgrounds. Using Python and Jupyter notebooks, our goal was to demystify these methods, typically treated as “black boxes”, and empower students to generate and interpret their own results. To assess the impact of our approach, we conducted an anonymous survey. The majority of the students agreed that using computers enriched their learning experience (67%) and that Jupyter notebooks were a valuable part of the class (66%). Additionally, 60% of the students reported increased interest in Python, and 40% gained both interest and a better understanding of dimensionality reduction methods. Despite the short duration of the course, 40% of the students reported acquiring research skills necessary in the field. While further analysis of the learning impacts of this approach is needed, we believe that sharing the examples we generated can provide valuable resources for others to use in interactive teaching environments. These examples highlight advantages and limitations of the major dimensionality reduction methods used in modern bioinformatics analysis in an easy‐to‐understand way.
Staging Parkinson's disease according to the MNCD classification correlates with caregiver burden
Authors: Santos‐García Diego , de Deus Fonticoba Teresa , Cores Bartolomé Carlos , Feal Painceiras María J. , García Díaz Iago , Alvarado María Cristina Íñiguez , Paz Jose Manuel , Jesús Silvia , Cosgaya Marina , Caldentey Juan García , Caballol Nuria , Legarda Ines , Hernández Vara Jorge , Cabo Iria , López Manzanares Lydia , González Aramburu Isabel , Ávila Rivera Maria A. , Gómez Mayordomo Víctor , Nogueira Víctor , Dotor García‐Soto Julio , Borrué Carmen , Solano Vila Berta , Álvarez Sauco María , Vela Lydia , Escalante Sonia , Cubo Esther , Mendoza Zebenzui , Martínez Castrillo Juan C. , Sánchez Alonso Pilar , Alonso Losada Maria G. , López Ariztegui Nuria , Gastón Itziar , Kulisevsky Jaime , Seijo Manuel , Valero Caridad , Alonso Redondo Ruben , Buongiorno Maria Teresa , Ordás Carlos , Menéndez‐González Manuel , McAfee Darrian , Martinez‐Martin Pablo , Mir Pablo ,   COPPADIS Study Group
Published: November 2023

Background and objective

Recently, we demonstrated that staging Parkinson's disease (PD) with a novel simple classification called MNCD, based on four axes (motor, non‐motor, cognition, and dependency) and five stages, correlated with disease severity and patients’ quality of life. Here, we analyzed the correlation of MNCD staging with PD caregiver's status.

Patients and methods

Data from the baseline visit of PD patients and their principal caregiver recruited from 35 centers in Spain from the COPPADIS cohort from January 2016 to November 2017 were used to apply the MNCD total score (from 0 to 12) and MNCD stages (from 1 to 5) in this cross‐sectional analysis. Caregivers completed the Zarit Caregiver Burden Inventory (ZCBI), Caregiver Strain Index (CSI), Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II), PQ‐10, and EUROHIS‐QOL 8‐item index (EUROHIS‐QOL8).

Results

Two hundred and twenty‐four PD patients (63 ± 9.6 years old; 61.2% males) and their caregivers (58.5 ± 12.1 years old; 67.9% females) were included. The frequency of MNCD stages was 1, 7.6%; 2, 58.9%; 3, 31.3%; and 4–5, 2.2%. A more advanced MNCD stage was associated with a higher score on the ZCBI (p < .0001) and CSI (p < .0001), and a lower score on the PQ‐10 (p = .001), but no significant differences were observed in the BDI‐II (p = .310) and EUROHIS‐QOL8 (p = .133). Moderate correlations were observed between the MNCD total score and the ZCBI (r = .496; p < .0001), CSI (r = .433; p < .0001), and BDI‐II (r = .306; p < .0001) in caregivers.

Conclusion

Staging PD according to the MNCD classification is correlated with caregivers’ strain and burden.
The fate of coronary dissections left after sirolimus‐coated balloon angioplasty: A prespecified subanalysis of the EASTBOURNE study
Authors: El Khoury Antoine , Lazar Leontin , Cortese Bernardo
Published: November 2023

Objectives

We sought to understand the clinical outcomes of dissections left untreated after sirolimus drug‐coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty.

Background

DCB may be a valuable alternative to stents for the treatment of native coronary lesions, but the risk of having a dissection after DCB‐angioplasty is not negligible. While type A and B dissections can be safely treated conservatively, some debate exists regarding type C dissections. We previously showed the safety of dissections left untreated after second‐generation paclitaxel‐DCB. However, the fate of dissections after sirolimus‐DCB angioplasty has not been investigated so far.

Methods

EASTBOURNE is a prospective, multicenter, international, investigator‐driven study aiming to explore the safety and efficacy of a novel sirolimus‐DCB. This study enrolled a consecutive, all‐comer population of coronary artery disease patients and is the largest prospective study on DCB so far. Primary endpoints of the study, target‐lesion revascularization (TLR), and other clinical endpoints at 12 months, have been presented elsewhere. This is a prespecified subgroup analysis of the patients left with not‐flow limiting dissection after DCB angioplasty, with complete 12 months follow‐up and comparison between patients left with a dissection versus patients with DCB used for de novo lesions.

Results

Between September 2016 and November 2020, a total of 2123 patients were enrolled at 38 study centers. Seventy‐three patients were left with nonflow limiting dissections (43 type A, 27 type B, 3 type C) and underwent complete 1‐year clinical follow‐up. In the nondissection group, 1110 patients had de‐novo coronary artery disease while 900 had in‐stent restenosis. Baseline characteristics were similar between the groups, while the dissection group was associated with longer lesions (23.8 vs. 18.4 mm, p < 0.001) and more frequent use of predilation (100 vs. 91.4%, p = 0.016). At 12‐month follow‐up, no significant differences among the groups were found, with a total of 1.25% TLR in the dissection cohort versus 5.6% in the de‐novo cohort (p = 0.13), and an overall rate of major adverse cardiovascular events of 4.4% versus 10.1% (p = 0.18). Total death (1.5 vs. 2.6, p = 0.87), cardiac death, myocardial infarction (0% vs. 2.5%, p = 0.35), and bleedings did not differ significantly among the groups as well.

Conclusions

In this subgroup analysis of the EASTBOURNE study of consecutive patients treated with new‐generation sirolimus DCB, dissections left untreated after angioplasty did not lead to an increase in adverse events.
Fractional flow reserve versus intravascular imaging to guide decision‐making for percutaneous coronary intervention in intermediate lesions: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Xiaochen , Zhang Yushi , Xu Yang , Tang Zhe , Wang Xiao , Nie Shaoping , Mintz Gary S.
Published: November 2023

Background

Both fractional flow reserve (FFR) and intravascular imaging (IVI) have been used to guide the decision‐making for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in intermediate coronary stenosis. Nevertheless, studies that directly compared the prognostic significance of these two strategies are scarce.

Aims

The aim of this meta‐analyses was to evaluate the impact of FFR versus IVI to guide the decision‐making in PCI for intermediate stenosis on clinical outcomes.

Methods

We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and relevant database from inception date to September 2022 for observational studies and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) which compared FFR and IVI‐based decision‐making in PCI for intermediate stenosis. The primary outcome was a composite of major adverse cardiac event (MACE). Pooled risk ratios (RR) were calculated using random effects models and heterogeneity were evaluated with the I2 statistic.

Results

We identified 5 studies (3 RCTs and 2 observational studies) with 3208 patients. The follow‐up duration ranged from 12 to 24 months. Among five studies, four compared FFR with intravascular ultrasound while one compared FFR with optical coherence tomography. There was no statistically difference between FFR and IVI in the incidence of MACE (RR: 1.19; 95% confidence interval: 0.85–1.68; p = 0.31) and its individual components. These results were consistent regardless of various cut‐off value of PCI across the studies. Compared with IVI, FFR was associated with a lower PCI rate (37.0% vs. 60.3%; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The decision to perform PCI for intermediate stenosis guided by FFR or IVI showed a similar clinical outcome. The use of FFR significantly reduced the need for PCI.
Proteomic prediction of incident heart failure and its main subtypes
Authors: Emilsson Valur , Jonsson Brynjolfur G. , Austin Thomas R. , Gudmundsdottir Valborg , Axelsson Gisli T. , Frick Elisabet A. , Jonmundsson Thorarinn , Steindorsdottir Anna E. , Loureiro Joseph , Brody Jennifer A. , Aspelund Thor , Launer Lenore J. , Thorgeirsson Gudmundur , Kortekaas Kirsten A. , Lindeman Jan H. , Orth Anthony P. , Lamb John R. , Psaty Bruce M. , Kizer Jorge R. , Jennings Lori L. , Gudnason Vilmundur
Published: November 2023

Aim

To examine the ability of serum proteins in predicting future heart failure (HF) events, including HF with reduced or preserved ejection fraction (HFrEF or HFpEF), in relation to event time, and with or without considering established HF‐associated clinical variables.

Methods and results

In the prospective population‐based Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility Reykjavik Study (AGES‐RS), 440 individuals developed HF after their first visit with a median follow‐up of 5.45 years. Among them, 167 were diagnosed with HFrEF and 188 with HFpEF. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model with non‐parametric bootstrap were used to select predictors from an analysis of 4782 serum proteins, and several pre‐established clinical parameters linked to HF. A subset of 8–10 distinct or overlapping serum proteins predicted different future HF outcomes, and C‐statistics were used to assess discrimination, revealing proteins combined with a C‐index of 0.80 for all incident HF, 0.78 and 0.80 for incident HFpEF or HFrEF, respectively. In the AGES‐RS, protein panels alone encompassed the risk contained in the clinical information and improved the performance characteristics of prediction models based on N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide and clinical risk factors. Finally, the protein predictors performed particularly well close to the time of an HF event, an outcome that was replicated in the Cardiovascular Health Study.

Conclusion

A small number of circulating proteins accurately predicted future HF in the AGES‐RS cohort of older adults, and they alone encompass the risk information found in a collection of clinical data. Incident HF events were predicted up to 8 years, with predictor performance significantly improving for events occurring less than 1 year ahead, a finding replicated in an external cohort study.
Pharmacologic Targeting of PDIA1 Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Assembly and Activation
Authors: Rosarda Jessica D. , Stanton Caroline R. , Chen Emily B. , Bollong Michael J. , Wiseman R. Luke
Published: November 2023

The NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytosolic protein complex that regulates innate immune signaling in response to diverse pathogenic insults through the proteolytic processing and secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐1β. Hyperactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling is implicated in the onset and pathogenesis of numerous diseases, motivating the discovery of new strategies to suppress NLRP3 inflammasome activity. We sought to define the potential for the proteostasis regulator AA147 to inhibit the assembly and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. AA147 is a pro‐drug that is metabolically converted to a reactive metabolite at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane to covalently modify ER‐localized proteins such as protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs). We show that AA147 inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activity in monocytes and monocyte‐derived macrophages through a mechanism involving impaired assembly of the active inflammasome complex. This inhibition is mediated through AA147‐dependent covalent modification of PDIA1. Genetic depletion or treatment with other highly selective PDIA1 inhibitors similarly blocks NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and activation. Our results identify PDIA1 as a potential therapeutic target to mitigate NLRP3 inflammasome‐mediated pro‐inflammatory signaling implicated in etiologically diverse diseases.
Caregiver involvement in applied behavior‐analytic research: A scoping review and discussion
Authors: Becraft Jessica L. , Hardesty Samantha L. , Goldman Kissel J. , Shawler Lesley A. , Edelstein Matthew L. , Orchowitz Phillip
Published: November 2023

We conducted a scoping review to characterize the role of caregiver involvement in behavior‐analytic research. We reviewed eight behavioral‐learning journals from 2011–2022 for works that included children or caregivers as participants and characterized caregiver involvement as passive (implications for caregivers, input, social validity) and active (implementation, caregiver behavior, training, caregiver‐collected data). The review identified 228 studies, and almost all (96.1%; n = 219) involved caregivers in some capacity; 94.3% (n = 215) had passive involvement (26.8% had only passive involvement; n = 61), 69.3% (n = 158) had active involvement (1.8% had only active involvement; n = 4), and 3.9% (n = 9) had neither passive nor active involvement. Involvement generally increased over publication years. The most common types of involvement were implications for caregivers, implementation, and input; caregiver‐collected data were rare. We propose considerations when engaging caregivers in research and suggest new avenues of inquiry related to caregivers' treatment objectives and social validity, treatment implementers, and caregiver‐collected data.