bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of Dismutation of Aryldichlorphosphites
Authors: Slitikov P.V.
Published: May 2022

The paper considers the spontaneous rearrangement, i.e., dismutation, of phosphorous acid dichlorides (aryl dichlorophosphites) into acid chlorides (diaryl chlorophosphites) with separation of phosphorus trichloride. The starting materials contained phenyl, 1- and 2-naphthols as aromatic radicals. The main patterns of dismutation of aryldichlorophosphites were revealed and the basic factors influencing the process time were determined. The dismutation parameters of aryldichlorophosphites were compared with the regularities revealed earlier for a similar process with the participation of diamidoesters of phosphorous acid containing phenyl and naphthyl substituents as an ether component. Calculations of thermodynamic functions of state, i.e., standard enthalpies of ΔfH0298 formation and S0298 entropies, for the dismutation participants, standard values of the Gibbs energy of ΔrG0298 reactions, were calculated. Calculations were carried out without taking into account the influence of the solvent and for the case of standard conditions, as well as for similar systems --- diamidoesters of phosphorous acid. The calculations allowed us to show the thermodynamic possibility of implementing dismutation of aryl dichlorophosphites at relatively low temperatures. The semi-empirical calculation method (RM1) made it possible to establish the lowest-energy conformations of diaryl chlorophosphites formed as a result of dismutation and show their fundamental difference
Use of Nanostructured Silver Substrates (Coatings) to Study the Content and Conformation of β-carotene
Authors: Liu W. , Shutova V.V. , Maksimov G.V. , Hao J. , He Y.
Published: May 2022

Interest in the industrial production of plant and microalgal biomass for biofuels and bioproducts has stimulated studies on microalgal physiology and mechanisms of valuable biomolecules synthesis and accumulation in algal cells. One of the most investigated biomolecules for commercial application are neutral lipids and carotenoids. However, until now the mechanism of the influence of different ambient factors, including application of inductors, on biosynthesis and accumulation of these molecules is not well understood. Partially, the lack of such knowledge is due to restricted technique of investigation. Raman Spectroscopy is one of the advanced methods of cell physiology investigation, which can fill some gaps in our understanding of such processes. The current techniques used in the papers presented show the advantages and other essential specifics of the method applied to plants (most importantly, microalgae) and other species/objects. It was found that the use of a substrate allows to enhance the Raman signal when diluting the sample by 105--106 times, at a substance concentration of 10--9 mol/l. In SERS conditions (i.e., mixing silver colloids to blood sample) hem markers show up, while in normal Raman conditions resonance enhancement allows direct observation of β-carotene features. This highlights the versatility of Raman technique and the prospects for biology and clinical chemistry
Parallel Solution of Boundary Value Problems using OpenMP Technology
Authors: Martynenko S.I. , Bakhtin V.A. , Rumyantsev E.V. , Tarasov G.A. , Seredkin N.N. , Boyarskikh K.A.
Published: May 2022

The paper introduces the results of the theoretical and experimental analysis of the Robust Multigrid Technique (RMT), a computational algorithm designed for the numerical solution of (initial-)boundary value problems for the equations of mathematical physics in black-box software. The purpose of the study was to develop robust, efficient and large-scale granulated algorithm for solving a wide class of nonlinear applied problems. The paper describes the algebraic and geometric parallelisms of the RMT and the multigrid cycle for solving nonlinear problems. The OpenMP technology was used to implement the parallel RMT. Computational experiments related to the solution of the Dirichlet problem for the Poisson equation in the unit cube were performed on a personal computer using 3, 9 and 27 threads (p = 3, 9, 27) and on a multiprocessor computer system with shared memory using 27 threads (p = 27). The highest achieved efficiency of the parallel RMT is E ≈ 0.95 at N > 106 and p = 3 and E ≈ 0.80 at N > 107 and p = 27. Findings of the research reveal that the determining factor affecting the efficiency of the parallel RMT is the limited memory performance of multicore computing systems. The complexity of the sequential iteration of the V-cycle and the parallel iteration of the RMT was theoretically analyzed. The study shows that the parallel iteration of the RMT, implemented on 27 threads, will be executed several times faster than the sequential iteration of the V-loop
Zasady nadzoru korporacyjnego OECD w świetle globalnego kryzysu finansowego
Authors: Jerzemowska Magdalena
Published: May 2022

Panujący od 2008 roku globalny kryzys finansowy w dużej mierze spowodowany został słabościami nadzoru korporacyjnego. Szczególnie krytykowane były cztery jego obszary, a mianowicie wynagradzanie kadry zarządzającej, zarządzanie ryzykiem, praktyki rady i uprawnienia akcjonariuszy. Celem opracowania jest analiza, ocena i wskazanie kierunków zmian zasad nadzoru korporacyjnego w świetle opracowań publikowanych przez ekspertów pracujących na rzecz tej organizacji. Badania wykazały, że omawiane zasady nie wymagają natychmiastowej korekty i są adekwatne do wymogów praktyki. Problemem jest natomiast stopień ich implementacji przez poszczególne kraje i spółki.
Rada nadzorcza a sytuacja kryzysowa w spółce
Authors: Jeżak Jan
Published: May 2022

Celem opracowania jest przedstawienie ważniejszych nurtów ogólnoświatowej dyskusji, w tym i w Polsce, na temat roli rad nadzorczych (rad dyrektorów) w procesie poprawy efektywności działania spółek oraz zapobiegania sytuacjom kryzysowym w spółkach. W pierwszej części rozważań autor przypomina zalecenia w tym zakresie formułowane przez teorię corporate governance, a następnie przechodzi do roli i funkcji rad nadzorczych w polskim systemie prawnym i ekonomicznym. Jednym z głównych wniosków, jakie formułuje autor jest potrzeba wzmocnienia takich funkcji rady, jak funkcja doradcza oraz informacyjna, które mają kluczowe znaczenie w diagnozowaniu oraz przezwyciężaniu sytuacji kryzysowych w spółce.
Adaptacyjność łańcuchów dostaw we współczesnej gospodarce. Studium na przykładzie produktów leczniczych i wyrobów medycznych
Authors: Bukowska-Piestrzyńska Agnieszka , Doński-Lesiuk Jakub , Adam Karkowski Tomasz , Motowidlak Urszula
Published: May 2022

The book deals with the important and current subject of the effectiveness of the creation and functioning of Supply Chains in a changing, uncertain reality. It presents the results of analyzes on increasing the adaptability of supply chains. The authors focus on finding answers to the main research question of building resilience while maintaining operational efficiency and cost-effectiveness on the one hand, and on the other hand, being prepared for turmoil in the long term. Importantly, it is not about another possible wave of a pandemic, but about natural disasters, climate change, cyberattacks or limited access to certain resources that affect the efficiency of supply chains supporting all socio-economic processes. The research results are presented in four chapters and they concern: Epistemological considerations aimed at examining the evolution of supply chains in conditions of disruptions and shaping the main pillars of chain adaptability in a turbulent environment, Economic aspects of adaptability of supply chains along with its vulnerability determined shaped externally (e.g. due to the political factor), Improvement of supply chains in the pharmaceutical industry, in the context of an increase in adaptive relations in the face of increasing instability of the environment, Legal conditions governing the functioning of adaptive supply chains of medicinal products, including vaccines against COVID-19 and the issue of the risk of interference with active substances. The research should be of interest not only to universities and science institutions, but also managers responsible for the functioning of supply chains, healthcare entities and medical units servicing deliveries, as well as people interested in Logistics, Transport and Innovation.
Nanofertilizers: A Review on the Futuristic Technology of Nutrient Management in Agriculture
Authors: Glotra Akshay , Singh Magan , . Maneesha
Published: May 2022

Nanofertilizers have recently gained popularity in agriculture for increasing crop production, improving nutrient usage efficiency and lowering chemical fertilizer waste and cultivation costs. Current challenges in the agriculture like low nutrient use efficiency, increasing contamination and pollution due to the overuse of chemicals and fertilizers, decreasing soil microflora and deteriorating soil health can be tackled effectively with innovations in agriculture like use of nano techniques. Among the nano technique, nano fertilizers are emerging as potential tool for the nutrient management. Nanofertilizer technique finds its immense scope in the precision agriculture where the nutrients are applied at specific location preventing the wastage of fertilizers. Several researchers have found that the nanofertilizers usage in the agriculture increases crop yield, decreases nutrient losses, decreases the chances of diseases by avoiding overfertilization, improves the soil and environmental health. Foliar application of the nanofertillzers also improved the nutrient uptake. Nanofertilizers improves the surface area available for various metabolic reactions in the plant system, resulting in a faster rate of photosynthesis and higher crop dry matter and yield. Even in difficult soil and weather circumstances, foliar spraying can be done. Furthermore, it facilitates direct nutrient absorption utilization efficiency (NUE) and a rapid response to crop development.
Quality and Shelf Life of Ready to Cook Mozzarella Cheese Stick Snack with Different Packaging Materials and Methods under Refrigerated Storage
Authors: Joshi Ruchika , Rehal Jagbir , Kaur Amarjit , Minhas K.S.
Published: May 2022

Background: The effect of packaging material (polyethylene and laminated pouches) and method of packaging (atmospheric and vacuum packaging) on the shelf-life of mozzarella cheese stick snacks stored under refrigerated conditions was studied. Methods: The work was carried out in 2019-20 when the mozzarella cheese preparation and the process to make a battered and breaded mozzarella cheese sticks snacks were standardized. The snacks were then studied for its quality and shelf life in different packaging materials (polythene and laminated pouches) under atmospheric and vacuum conditions under refrigerated conditions.
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Result: There was a significant increase in acidity, free fatty acids (% oleic acid) and non-protein nitrogen of the samples during refrigerated storage. Though the chemical changes were not so great as to render the product unacceptable, however the refrigeration temperature resulted in a rapid increase in the microbial count. As a result, the samples with atmospheric packaging showed visible microbial growth on the 12th day while those with vacuum packaging spoiled on the 13th day.
​Quantification and Microbial Diversity Analysis of Ruminal Methanogenic Populations in Indian Gir Native Cattle
Authors: Karunakaran R. , Viva V. Yuvachandran , Raja P. , Parthiban M.
Published: May 2022

Background: Methane emission from the ruminants is receiving global attention due to its global warming potential. It imposes the development of cost-effective and easily adoptable energy to reduce methane emissions from ruminants. Apart from this, the information available on the methanogenic microflora and their populations in the Indian native cattle is also very limited. In this study, the normal methanogenic microflora of Indian native Gir cattle was studied using molecular methods and compared with cross breed cattles. Methods: The rumen fluid was collected and DNA isolation was carried out from Gir, Gir cross and Kangayam crossbred cattle. The partial 16S rRNA and mcrA gene amplification were carried out by PCR and further subjected to sequence analysis. Further, Methanogenic population in the ruminal fluid were analyzed by SYBR Green-based real-time PCR. Result: This study provides a basic understanding of the normal methanogenic microfloral diversity and their population in the Gir native cattle of Indian origin compared with cross breed cattle.
​Estimation of General and Specific Combining Abilities of Parents and Crosses in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculantum Mill.)
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Singh S.K.
Published: May 2022

Background: Tomato is commonly treated as “Protective Food” as it contain high amounts of several nutritive compounds especially carotenoids such as lycopene and â carotene (Provitamin A), flavonoids, phenolic acids and ascorbic acid and minerals like calcium, iron and phosphorus. Development of high yielding varieties, genetic improvement and best selection are the basic outcome of a superior breeding programme. Therefore, a study was conducted out to analyze the combining ability for yield and yield contributing traits of tomato genotypes. Methods: This study analyzed the general combing ability (GCA) and specific combing ability (SCA) of tomato (Lycopersicon esculantum Mill.) including different breeding lines and landraces, which were grown during three seasons (March 2020, September 2020 and March 2021) with row to row and plant to plant spacing of 60 × 45 cm in randomized block designs (RBD) having three replications at the Agriculture research farm of Choudhary Chhotu Ram (PG) College, Muzaffarnagar U.P., India. Morpho-metric data were recorded on five competitive randomly selected plants in each line for sixteen traits. Result: Number of fruit per plant and fruits yield was governed by non-additive gene action suggesting the advancement of the generation for selection to improve these traits. The parents floradade, arka meghali and EC-164563 were estimated to be best combiners for the inclusion in further breeding programs. The cross EC-620406 × EC-528360, a product of good combiners was best performing and can be used to obtain superior recombinants.
Genetic Analysis in Pre-breeding Lines of Greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]
Authors: Hema T. , Jayamani P. , Gnanamalar R.P. , Rajeswari E. , Vishnupriya R.
Published: May 2022

Background: Greengram is third most important pulse crop which is widely adapted and can improve soil fertility. The genetic variability and association studies help in selection which would increase the yield potential of greengram. Methods: Two hundred stabilized lines (F9) obtained from the cross VBN (Gg) 2 and Vigna radiata var. sublobata were evaluated. The yield and yield contributing traits were recorded to evaluate genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance as % of mean and correlation among the yield and its component traits. Result: Analysis of variance exhibited significant differences among the lines for all the ten quantitative traits indicating the presence of genetic variability. The high GCV values were found for the traits viz., single plant yield (30.18) and the number of pods per plant (26.80). High heritability combined with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for the number of pods per plant (90.19, 52.43), single plant yield (89.58, 58.84), the number of pods per cluster (79.28, 22.70) and the number of clusters per plant (69.50, 30.22) which indicates additive gene effects. In the present study, the number of pods per plant had a high positive direct effect (0.919) on a single plant yield. Therefore, the selection for these characters would improve yield in greengram.
Estaciones climáticas y la COVID-19 en América Latina
Authors: Mora-Alvarado Darner A.
Published: May 2022

Desde la antigüedad Hipócrates (460 a.C), relacionó las estaciones climáticas del año, el origen y la naturaleza de las enfermedades. En uno de sus escritos, titulado “Aforismos” indicó literalmente “todas las enfermedades se producen en todas las estaciones, pero durante algunas de estas se producen y se agravan especialmente algunas de aquellas”. Fundamentado en estos antecedentes, se realiza el presente estudio descriptivo, con el objetivo de determinar en cuales estaciones del año, se incrementan los casos de contagios y muertes asociados a la COVID-19, causada por el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, en 21 países de América Latina, mediante el análisis de la evolución de la crisis sanitaria, identificando las olas y sus respectivos “picos” del mayor número de casos, en cada una de las naciones estudiadas, en el periodo de marzo 2020-fecha de la declaración de la pandemia por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS)-al 18 de junio del 2021. Los resultados indican que las 53 olas identificadas y estudiadas: 13 (24,5%) sucedieron en verano, 37 (69,8%) en invierno, 3 (5,7%) en otoño y cero en primavera. A la luz de estos datos se recomienda que en cada país se elaboren estudios con mayor profundidad para establecer las posibles asociaciones entre los datos de radiación solar y el número de contagios por la COVID-19, en las respectivas estaciones.
La economía social solidaria como agente de activación económica en tiempos de pandemia del COVID-19
Authors: Binns-Hernández Henry
Published: May 2022

El propósito de las economías emergentes como la social solidaria y la colaborativa, buscan a través de los emprendimientos, alcanzar un enfoque social, proporcionando diferentes fuentes de empleo, comercialización de los bienes y servicios a un precio justo, eliminando la intermediación en la cadena de producción; permitiendo generar valor y ventajas competitivas de las cuales no se contaban en el pasado. 
Los modelos de las economías de los países están en constante cambio y adaptación a las nuevas necesidades de las diferentes poblaciones, es aquí en donde emergen una serie de economías, cuyo fin persiguen un espíritu solidario en pro del beneficio primeramente de las personas y posterior del lucro. Las iniciativas de economía colaborativas y la economía social solidaria, son dos de las nuevas y emergentes modelos de economías que están adoptando los países, con el objetivo de llegar a poblaciones vulnerables y algunas veces confinadas al olvido por agentes de Gobierno.
El repunte de los índices de pobreza y desempleo en los países a nivel del mundo agravado por el COVID-19, se traducir en un incremento en el índice de delincuencia, así como cierres de empresas. Es aquí en donde el incentivo por parte de las autoridades de gobierno mediante financiamiento y los actores participantes juegan un papel importante en la generación de nuevos modelos de negocios que desemboquen en nuevos emprendimientos asociados a la reinvención y encadenamientos en las economías nacionales que sirvan de agentes de activación económica.
Sindemia por “COVID-19” en América al 31/10/2021
Authors: Mora-Alvarado Darner A.
Published: May 2022

El presente estudio describe la evolución de la “COVID-19” en los 35 países del Continente Americano, al 31 de octubre del 2021, mediante el análisis de reportes diarios disponibles en Internet como “Our World in Data”, “JHU CSSE COVID-19 Data”, entre otros. Los resultados indican que nueve países (25,7%) presentan una tendencia al incremento de casos, mientras que en 26 naciones (74,3%) se observa una persistente declinación de los mismos. Además, se presentó la letalidad y los avances de la vacunación en los países estudiados.
En este contexto, un aspecto importante es la paradoja que se presenta en Chile, que tiene tendencia al incremento de contagios a pesar de contar con un 85% de la población con el esquema de vacunación completa. Por último, se recomienda realizar estudios locales más profundos, utilizando los aspectos climáticos y la evolución de esta patología en cada uno de los países de América.
Sindemia de la COVID-19 en Europa a octubre 2021
Authors: Mora-Alvarado Darner A.
Published: May 2022

Este estudio presenta la evolución de la COVID-19 en los 50 países de Europa a finales de octubre 2021. Para efectos prácticos, las 50 naciones se distribuyen de conformidad con sus características epidemiológicas en tres grupos. En el grupo 1, se incluyen los países sin cambios abruptos de contagio de la COVID-19. En el grupo 2, se ubican las naciones con tendencia al incremento de casos de COVID-19 y en el grupo 3, se incluyen los países con evidencias de inicio de una nueva ola. Los resultados indican que, a pesar de los avances de la vacunación, en el grupo 1, se incluyen 13 naciones para un 26% de los 50 países del continente europeo. En el grupo 2, se incluyen 11 países para un 22%. En el grupo 3, se distribuyen 26 naciones para un 52% de las naciones europeas. Por último, se aprecia una concordancia entre el aumento de los contagios por la COVID-19 a partir de los meses con menor horas sol al día.
Avistamiento de fauna silvestre en plantaciones de cacao en la Zona Norte, como valor agregado al sistema productivo
Authors: Carvajal-Alfaro Vanessa , Oviedo Paul E.
Published: May 2022

Uno de los sectores más afectados con la pandemia provocada por el COVID- 19 ha sido el sector turístico, lo que ha generado no solo desempleo sino también el cierre de muchas empresas que se dedicaban a esta actividad. Con la finalidad de diversificar la oferta turística de productores de cacao en la región de Upala, dado que algunos agricultores además de ofrecer su producción de cacao, también ofrecen algunos servicios como visitas guiadas para apreciar el proceso productivo y de elaboración artesanal de productos de cacao. Debido a esto, este proyecto tuvo como propósito realizar un inventario de mamíferos y aves en tres fincas de cacao en la región de Upala para la diversificación de la oferta turista a través de la observación de aves y mamíferos como un elemento diferenciador de los recorridos guiados en las fincas, lo que permitiría dar un valor agregado al servicio que se brinda, así como establecer un protocolo de observación de fauna silvestre ante posible zoonosis. Para cumplir con este objetivo se realizó varias visitas a cada una de las fincas analizadas para el avistamiento de fauna y para analizar el proceso productivo. En estas visitas se determinó que, las fincas muestreadas presentan potencial para la observación de mamíferos silvestres emblemáticos, principalmente perezoso de tres dedos y monos Congo, mientras que una de ellas puede ser utilizada para el avistamiento de aves con potenciales educativos y trabajos experimentales.
Diseño interdisciplinario de un sistema de sensado de CO2 para enfrentar la pandemia en los espacios cerrados del Tecnológico de Costa Rica
Authors: Cordero-Picado Kristel , Monge-Sanabria Raquel Natalia , Segura-Vargas Cristel Diane , Morales-Hernández Sergio
Published: May 2022

Ante la problemática por COVID-19 que enfrenta el mundo se vuelve necesaria la búsqueda de estrategias de bajo costo para garantizar la salud de las personas, al mismo tiempo que se reactivan las actividades económicas, educativas y sociales que se vieron seriamente perjudicadas. Conforme avanzan las investigaciones en torno a este virus se descubrió la relación entre la probabilidad de transmisión de COVID-19 y la calidad del aire interior, indicando que las partículas del virus se pueden acumular con mayor facilidad en espacios donde la ventilación y la calidad de aire son deficientes. 

En el presente artículo se describen las metodologías implementadas desde diferentes disciplinas para el diseño de un sistema, que se compone de un circuito, una carcasa y una aplicación de escritorio. El diseño de este sistema permitirá el monitoreo de las variables de la calidad del aire en las aulas y laboratorios del Tecnológico de Costa Rica, al advertir cuando los espacios tienen mala calidad del aire, y por ende se debe ventilar el lugar.
Is Rice and Sunflower Commercialisation in Tanzania Inclusive for Women and Youth?
Authors: Mdoe Ntengua , Isinika Aida , Mlay Gilead , Boniface Gideon , Magomba Christopher , Jeckoniah John , Mosha Devotha
Published: May 2022

Rice is Tanzania’s third most important staple crop after maize and cassava, and produced by more than 1 million households who are mostly small-scale farmers. Meanwhile sunflower is the most important edible oil crop in Tanzania, also grown mostly by small-scale farmers. Over the last two decades, rice and sunflower have increasingly become important sources of income. This can be attributed to efforts by the government, in collaboration with development agencies, to commercialise rice and sunflower production to improve livelihoods and reduce poverty among actors in both value chains. There have also been efforts aimed at ensuring sustainable commercialisation and involvement of women and youth in the commercialisation process. Despite these initiatives, women and youth involvement in the rice and sunflower commercialisation process is likely to be constrained by their limited access to land and financial capital. Looking at government policy to promote commercial rice and sunflower production for poverty reduction, this brief examines the extent to which households headed by women and youth have been able to participate in the commercialisation process of the two value chains.
Electric Vehicle Uptake and Health
Authors: Avis William
Published: May 2022

This rapid literature review summarises evidence on the relationship between electric car uptake and health. The review found a limited but emerging evidence base derived predominantly from studies exploring the issue in the United States (US), China and Europe. The evidence base provides a mixed and complex picture given the heterogeneity of methodological approaches and contextual analyses to assessing impact.
The Importance of Soft Skills for Strengthening Agency in Female Entrepreneurship Programmes
Authors: Ault Alisha , Quak Evert-jan , Guimarães Luize
Published: May 2022

This paper is part of the MUVA Paper Series on female entrepreneurship. It focuses on how soft skills in female entrepreneurship programmes strengthen agency and impact economic empowerment of women entrepreneurs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). It draws on both the literature and lessons learned from Mozambique-based social incubator MUVA. By exploring MUVA’s entrepreneurship experience, this paper contributes to debates in the literature about the importance of soft skills in female entrepreneurship programmes for enhanced self-esteem, self-confidence and self-efficacy to strengthen agency.
Borrowing Company Names in the Practice of Procurement of Goods and Services in Indonesia
Authors: Trisulo Trisulo
Published: May 2022

Normatively, regulations regarding the procurement of goods and services contribute significantly to the efficiency of state spending and the national economy. But in practice, there are still deviations that have the potential to violate the law. This article examines the borrowing of company names in the practice of procurement of government goods and services from the perspective of the applicable law, and the perspective of Dignified Justice. The research methodology used is normative legal research with a literature study using primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. As a theoretical basis, this research uses the Theory of Dignified Justice. This article shows that borrowing company names in the practice of procuring government goods and services are contrary to applicable legal norms, and can be a criminal element for providing false or fraudulent information. Existing regulations are not able to touch the practice of borrowing company names in practice. From the perspective of Dignified Justice, it is also identified as contrary to morals, nor does it meet the criteria of good faith in the agreement. To guarantee legal certainty, the practice of borrowing company names must be strictly prohibited by law, but it needs to be done without conflicting with the economic objectives referred to by the constitution.
Formate der Kooperation in Schleswig-Holstein, Niedersachsen, Baden-Württemberg, Nordrhein-Westfalen und Hessen
Authors: Sajak Clauß Peter
Published: May 2022

Konfessionell-kooperativer Religionsunterricht existiert inzwischen in verschiedenen Bundes­ländern in unterschiedlichen Organisationsformen. Im folgenden Beitrag werden die Ländermodelle konfessionel­ler Kooperation der Bundesländer Schleswig-Holstein, Niedersachsen, Baden-Württemberg, Nordrhein-Westfalen und Hessen einer komparativen Analyse unterzogen, um so zu Erkenntnissen über die äußere Form der Koopera­tion, ihre Beantragung und ihre Akzeptanz in den Schulen zu gelangen. Leitend ist dabei die Perspektive, was sich aus der Vielfalt der Kooperationsmodelle für die Weiterentwicklung dieser Form des Religionsunterrichts lernen lässt.
Kooperative Formate im Religionsunterricht über das Christentum hinaus
Authors: Schweitzer Friedrich , Boschki Reinhold , Ulfat Fahimah
Published: May 2022

Seit den 1990er-Jahren wird verstärkt über Formen der konfessionellen Kooperation im Religi­onsunterricht nachgedacht. Seither kam es zu verschiedenen Vereinbarungen zwischen den Kirchen, zahlreichen Praxisbeispielen und wissenschaftlich begleitenden Evaluationen. Doch ist es aus demographischen, gesellschaftli­chen, theologischen und religionspädagogischen Gründen notwendig geworden, die Formate innerchristlicher Ko­operation für interreligiöse Kooperationen zu öffnen. In diesem Beitrag wird den Fragen nachgegangen, welche kooperativen Formate es über das Christentum hinaus bereits gibt, wie diese in der Schule genau aussehen können, welche Erfahrungen gemacht werden und wie diese kooperativen Formen des Religionsunterrichts stärker institu­tionalisiert werden können.
Vorwort
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: May 2022

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The Effect of Entrapment Within SOL-Gel Magnetite on Carbonic Anhydrase
Authors: Ivanovski Vladimir , Shapovalova Olga , Drozdov Andrey S.
Published: May 2022

Enzymatically active nanocomposites are a perspective class of bioactive materials that finds their application in numerous fields of science and technology ranging from biosensors and therapeutic agents to industrial catalysts. Key properties of such systems are their stability and activity under various conditions, the problems that are addressed in any research devoted to this class of materials. Сomprehension ща the principles that affect these properties play the most important role in the development of the field, especially when it takes to a new class of bioactive systems. Recently, a new class of enzymatically doped magnetite-based sol-gel systems emerged and paved the way for a variety of potent bioactive magnetic materials with improved thermal stability. Such systems already showed themself as perspective industrial and therapeutic agents, but are still under intense investigation and many aspects are still unclear. Here we made a first attempt to describe the interaction of biomolecules with magnetite-based sol-gel materials and to investigate facets of protein structure rearrangements occurring within the pores of magnetite sol-gel matrix using dedicate Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.
Will Artificial Intelligence Become Conscious? Can Thermodynamics Explain the Evolution of Intellect?
Authors: Deli Eva
Published: May 2022

Deep neural networks (DNNs), founded on the brain's neuronal organization, can extract higher-level features from raw input. However, complex intellect via autonomous decision-making is way beyond current AI design. Here we propose an autonomous AI inspired by the thermodynamic cycle of sensory perception, operating between two information density reservoirs. Stimulus unbalances the high entropy resting state and triggers a thermodynamic cycle. By recovering the initial conditions, self-regulation generates a response while accumulating an orthogonal, holographic potential. The resulting high-density manifold is a stable memory and experience field, which increases future freedom of action via intelligent decision-making.
Alterations of Mitochondrial Network by Cigarette and e-Cigarette Vaping
Authors: Kanithi Manasa , Junapudi Sunil , Shah Syed Islamuddin , Alavala Matta Reddy , Ullah Ghanim , Chidipi Bojjibabu
Published: May 2022

Toxins present in cigarette and e-cigarette smoke constitute a significant cause of illnesses and are known to have fatal health impacts. Specific mechanisms by which toxins present in smoke impair cell repair are still being researched and are of prime interest for developing more effective treatments. Current literature suggests toxins present in cigarette smoke and aerosolized e-vapor trigger abnormal intercellular responses, damage mitochondrial function, and consequently disrupt the homeostasis of the organelle’s biochemical processes by increasing reactive oxidative species. Increased oxidative stress sets off a cascade of molecular events, disrupting optimal mitochondrial morphology and homeostasis. Furthermore, smoking-induced oxidative stress may also amalgamate with other health factors to contribute to various pathophysiological processes. An increasing number of studies show that toxins may affect mitochondria even though exposure to secondhand or thirdhand smoke. This review assesses the impact of toxins present in tobacco smoke and e-vapor on mitochondrial health, networking, and critical structural processes including mitochondria fission, fusion, hyperfusion, fragmentation, and mitophagy. The efforts are focused on discussing current evidence linking toxins present in first, second, and thirdhand smoke to mitochondrial dysfunction
Immunoinformatic Guided Rational Design of a Next Generation Multi Epitope Based Peptide Vaccine against Marburg Virus Disease Combined with Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Mustafa Mujahed , Shantier Shaza
Published: May 2022

Marburg virus disease (MVD) is a hemorrhagic fever and cause death up to 88% of people and is the same as Ebola virus, It is transmitted through skin contact or mucous membrane in the eyes, nose or mouth with blood or body fluids like urine, saliva sweat, feces and by object contaminated with body fluids. Despite these facts, yet there is no approved vaccine have been developed for the eradication of Marburg virus infections. Therefore, this study described a multi epitope-based peptide vaccine against Marburg virus viral protein 35, using several immunoinformatics tools combined with molecular docking studies. Utilizing Vaxijen 2.0 server, the V35 protein revealed to be antigenic with a score of 0.4316. Prediction of the T-cell and B-cell epitopes was then conducted. RTFDAFLGV epitope was found to be the most promising one with binding affinity to the highest numbers of MHC I alleles, a positive score in the Class I immunogenicity study and non-allergen. These results were further confirmed by the good interaction of RTFDAFLGV to the groove of HLA-A*02:01 with binding energy of -8.1 kcal/mole. Finally, the vaccine was cloned in silico to ensure its validity and efficiency of expression. To ensure its safety and immunogenic profile, in-vitro and in-vivo bioassays are recommended to confirm these findings.
Predicting Remission among Perinatal Women with Depression in Rural Pakistan: A Prognostic Model for Task-Shared Interventions in Primary Care Settings
Authors: Waqas Ahmed , Sikander Siham , Malik Abid , Atif Najia , Karyotaki Eirini , Rahman Atif
Published: May 2022

Task sharing approaches are challenged by the barriers fundamental to the use of non-specialists who lack specialist mental health training required to triage the candidates who could benefit from task-shared treatments. However, these challenges could be offset by using standardized and easy-to-implement algorithmic devices (e.g., nomograms) to help with the targeted dissemination of interventions. Therefore, the present investigation posits a prognostic model and a nomogram to predict the prognosis of perinatal depression among women in rural Pakistan. This secondary analysis utilizes data based on 903 pregnant women with depression who participated in a cluster randomized controlled trial that tested the effectiveness of the Thinking Healthy Program in rural Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The participants were recruited from 40 union councils in two sub-districts of Rawalpindi and randomly assigned to intervention and enhanced usual care. Sixteen sessions of the THP intervention were delivered by trained community health workers to women with depression over pregnancy and the postnatal period. A trained assessment team used the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-4 current major depressive episode module to diagnose depression at the baseline and post-intervention. The intervention received by the participants emerged as the most significant predictor in the model. Among clinical factors, baseline severity of core-emotional symptoms emerged as an essential predictor, followed by atypical symptoms and insomnia. Higher severity of these symptoms was associated with a poorer prognosis. Other important predictors of a favorable prognosis included living with paternal and maternal grandmothers, financial empowerment, higher socioeconomic class, and living in a joint family system. This prognostic model yielded acceptable discrimination (c-statistic =0.75) and calibration to aid in personalized delivery of psychological treatment.
The Flashlight-Sign: a Novel B-Flow Based Ultrasound Finding for Detection of Intraluminal, Wall-Adherent, Floating Structures of the Abdominal Aorta and Peripheral Arteries
Authors: Lottspeich Christian , Puhr-Westerheide Daniel , Stana Jan , Hoffmann Ulrich , Czihal Michael
Published: May 2022

This study aimed on evaluating the potential diagnostic value of a novel, sonographic, B-Flow Imaging (BFI)-based sign (“flashlight sign”, FLS) for the detection of wall-adherent, floating arterial structures (WAFAS). The FLS, characterized by a fast moving, very bright, intraluminal signal was detected in 28 patients with WAFAS. We divided this cohort into three subgroups, depending on the affected vascular segments: (1) peripheral arteries (n = 10), (2) native abdominal aorta (n = 8), and (3) abdominal aorta after endovascular aortic repair (EVAR; n = 10). Clinical characteristics were analyzed and BFI-findings were compared with contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and computed tomography angiography (CTA). Seven patients (25%) suffered from arterial embolism downstream to the FLS (EVAR, n = 4; native abdominal aorta, n = 1; peripheral arteries, n = 2). WAFAS of the abdominal aorta (native or after EVAR), as indicated by the FLS, were visible by CEUS and CTA in 60% and 93.3%, respectively. Based on the so far largest cohort of patients with WAFAS, we propose a clinically useful, BFI-based sonographic sign for detection of these so far underrated arterial pathologies in the abdominal aorta and the peripheral arteries.
Chronic Ambient Poisoning
Authors: Alderman Beth
Published: May 2022

As of now, anthropogenic habitat injury via dissemination of manufactured chemicals is injuring the world’s ecosystems, but doctors have yet to recognize its consequences to humans. Recognition of overt toxicity due to chronic low-dose exposure will open the door to diagnosis, sequential elimination studies, and prescriptions for preventive cure that represent a first step in preventing escalating chronic diseases. This paper offers a diagnostic construct for such use: chronic ambient poisoning. Incorporating it into clinical practice can reduce misdiagnosis of gastro- and near-toxicity that doctors and patients presently suppress rather than remove, and reduce patient co-dependence with proton-pump inhibitors, anxiolytics, and antidepressants—and the thriving “alternative” health industry. This diagnostic elephant-in-the-room is presently missed for reasons of habit (when an ailment is not recognized, it cannot be included in the differential diagnosis) and of poor conduct and interpretation of non-clinical research studies that are taken to mean an absence of evidence is evidence of absence. Moreover, modern methods fail when: the exposure comprises a “daily cocktail” of poisons acting additively, interactively, and cumulatively over a lifetime; when there is no normal, unexposed comparison group; and when absence of a robust etiopathogenetic model disallows inapt statistics. Only patient-led, consultant-informed sequential elimination studies can “peel the onion” of toxicity and its recognition and “preventive cure”. Clinical use of the chronic ambient poisoning diagnosis can thus open the door to stemming and reversing anthropogenic epidemics.
Coquaternions, Metric Invariants of Biologic Systems and Malignant Transformations
Authors: Davydyan Garri
Published: May 2022

Different hypotheses of carcinogenesis have been proposed based on local factors and mechanisms. It is assumed that changes of the metric invariants of a biologic system (BS) determine common functional mechanisms of cancer growth. Numerous data demonstrate an existence of three invariant feedback patterns of BS: negative feedback (NFB), positive feedback (PFB) and reciprocal links (RL). These patterns algebraically represent basis elements of a Lie algebra sl(2,R) and imaginary part of coquaternion. Considering coquaternion as a model of a functional core of a BS, conditions of the system can be identified with the points of three families of hypersurfaces in R42: hyperboloids of one sheet, hyperboloids of two sheets and double-cones. Corresponding quadratic form relates entropy contributions of basis elements to the energy level of the system, so that anabolic states of the system will correspond to the points of a hyperboloid of one sheet, while catabolic conditions to the points of a hyperboloid of two sheets. Equilibrium states will lie in a double cone. Hypothetically anabolic and catabolic states dominate intermittently oscillating around the equilibrium. Deterioration of basis elements will cause domination of catabolic processes and cancer development demonstrating the tendency of the malfunctioning system to remain inside the double cone.
Senior High School Students Problem Solving in Terms of Mathematical Abilities
Authors: Kamilah Rusydah , Siswono Tatag Yuli Eko , Lukito Agung
Published: May 2022

Practicing problem-solving can increase students' confidence outside of the mathematics field. Meanwhile, students who have different mathematical abilities have different problem-solving abilities in solving problems. Therefore, this research aims to describe students' problem-solving abilities in terms of mathematical abilities by using qualitative descriptive research methods. The subjects were three students with high, medium, and low abilities, while the main instrument was the researcher himself, supported by test and interview instruments. The results of high and moderate students exploring and understanding the problem showed the reluctance to write in detail on the answer sheet for the information known and problem asked in the questions, then delivered it in the interview session. In contrastNTS, the low-ability students wrote in great detail. At the stage of representing and formulating, high, medium, and low students used the same terms and formulas. At the stage of planning and implementing, the three students used various methods. However, the three students acquired the same answer and rechecked the results with what was known in the questions.
IDENTIFICATION OF SOIL CORROSION POTENTIAL FOR PLANNING IN THE GAS PIPELINE CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEM
Authors: Solehudin Agus , Permana Enda , Salam Haipan
Published: May 2022

Research has been carried out to map and identify the potential for soil corrosion for the planning of cathodic gas pipeline protection systems. The research location is located in Cimanggis - Bitung, West Java, which is located at coordinates 6o19'00 "- 6o28'00" South Latitude and 106o43'00 "- 106o 55'30" East Longitude. Measurement of soil resistivity using the Wenner method that refers to ASTM G37, with variations in the distance of 0,75m, 1,50m, 2,50m and 6,00m with the number of measuring points as many as 185 points. Based on the results of data processing and soil resistivity interpretation seen that there are several locations that have low to extreme corrosion levels. Therefore, for these locations, technical planning and calculation for the protection of the pipeline to be installed is necessary.
Key Parameters of Surrounding Rock Roof Cutting and Pressure Relief Control in Soft Rock Roof Roadway of Deep Mine Stope and Its Engineering Application
Authors: Chang Jucai , Xiong Tenggen , Qi Chao , Li Chuanming , Pang Dongdong
Published: May 2022

In this study, the movement and failure law of working face overburden and the distribution characteristics of mining stress are analyzed using laboratory test and numerical calculation methods to address the problems of large deformation, failure instability, and difficult maintenance of the soft rock roof roadways of deep stope influenced by strong disturbance, the roof gas comprehensive treatment roadway of 17191 (1) working face of Pansan mine of China Huainan Mining Group was considered as the engineering background. The deformation and failure mechanisms of the surrounding rock in soft rock roof roadway are revealed, the surrounding rock control technology of presplitting and roof cutting pressure relief is proposed, and the key parameters of presplitting and roof cutting are systematically studied. According to the results, after mining, the overburden presents the distribution of “upper three zones,” in which the heights of the caving and fracture zones are 7 m and 38 m, respectively, the influence range of lateral mining abutment pressure is 80 m, and the influence height exceeds 42 m. The roadway is located in the same layer as the fracture zone and within the influence range of mining. Under the influence of overburden migration of the working face, the stress field around the roadway, and the mining stress field, the surrounding rock of the roof roadway is significantly damaged, and the floor heave is violent. Based on the stress distribution characteristics of the stope and the deformation mechanism of the roadway, the pressure relief control technology of surrounding rock presplitting roof cutting is proposed. The optimal values of key parameters are determined as the roof cutting height of 49.9 m, the roof cutting angle of 10°, and the blast hole spacing of 10 m. The results of this study have been successfully applied in 17191 (1) working face.
A diamond voltage imaging microscope
Authors: McCloskey Daniel , Dontschuk Nikolai , Stacey Alastair , Pattinson Charlie , Nadarajah Athavan , Hall Liam , Hollenberg Lloyd , Prawer Steven , Simpson David
Published: May 2022

Technologies that capture the complex electrical dynamics occurring in biological systems, across fluid membranes and at solid-liquid interfaces drive fundamental understanding and innovation in diverse fields from neuroscience to energy storage. However, the capabilities of existing voltage imaging techniques utilizing micro-electrode arrays, scanning probes, or optical fluorescence methods are respectively limited by resolution, scan speed, and photostability. Here we develop an optoelectronic voltage imaging system which overcomes these limitations by using charge-sensitive fluorescent reporters embedded within a transparent semiconducting diamond device. Electrochemical tuning of the diamond surface termination enables photostable optical voltage imaging with a quantitative linear response at biologically relevant voltages and timescales. This technology represents a major step toward label-free, large-scale, and long-term voltage recording of physical and biological systems with sub-micron resolution.