bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bridging Biomedical and Person-centered Care Approaches via Namaste Care with Family Participation: An Asian Experience in Advanced Dementia Treatment
Authors:   Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Ali Noorhazlina ,   Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Singapore, Tan Cai Ning , Kang Jasmine , Chew Aik Phon , Caroline Caroline , Lee Mary , Lim Wee Shiong
Published: December 2020

A locally-adapted, multisensory, psychosocial intervention called Namaste Care program was developed to improve the daily life of persons with advanced dementia (PwAD) through arranging meaningful activities and physical interactions by healthcare staff (Namaste Carers). Congruent with Asian values, the families of PwAD were invited to participate in Namaste Care sessions. The study aimed to explore the influence of Namaste Care on cognitive status and quality of life (QOL) of PwAD, and perceptions and attitudes of caregivers and Namaste Carers toward dementia care were determined. A total of 10 individuals, including patient-caregiver dyads (n = 4) and Namaste Carers (n = 6) participated in a program in a tertiary hospital in Singapore. Quality of Life in Late-Stage Dementia (QUALID) scale and Severe Impairment Rating Scale (SIRS) were employed to evaluate QOL and cognition, respectively, in the pre- and post-survey program in patient-caregiver dyads. Namaste Carers’ knowledge and attitudes toward PwAD were assessed using the Questionnaire on Palliative Care for Advanced Dementia (qPAD). Caregivers and Namaste carers were interviewed post-program separately. A concurrent explanatory mixed-method analysis was done. The mean age of PwAD was 84 years, with 75% (n = 3) patients on enteral tube feeding. Namaste carers were nurses with an average experience of 4.1 years in dementia care. On comparison of pre- and post-program scores of PwAD, QUALID scores showed a decrease (indicating an improvement in the QOL), while the SIRS scores were increased (indicating an improved cognitive response). Namaste Carers scored high on qPAD, reflecting the good understanding and a positive attitude toward PwAD. Thematic analysis of 10 interview transcripts from caregivers and Namaste Carers revealed three themes: the polarizing paradigm of care in advanced dementia; pre-eminence of the Asian family values, and theme of “small actions make a big difference”. Namaste Care served as a bridge between the person-centered care approach and the biomedical model of dementia care. Namaste Care with family participation may be the cornerstone of PwAD to receive culturally-appropriate personalized care and serve as a premise for the operationalization of person-centered care in Asian societies, and undeniably across the world.
KARAKTERISTIK DAN STATUS KETERGANTUNGAN PEROKOK AKTIF TERHADAP NIKOTIN DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Dwinta Eliza
Published: December 2020

Rokok mengandung unsur-unsur kimia seperti tar, nikotin, benzovrin, metal-kloride, aseton, amino, dan karbon monoksida. Adanya kandungan nikotin dalam rokok dapat menyebabkan ketergantungan. Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) digunakan sebagai kuisioner bagi para perokok di daerah Yogyakarta untuk mengetahui tingkat ketergantungan terhadap nikotin. Penelitian ini merupakan deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Responden sejumlah 70 perokok aktif dengan hasil karakteristik demografis, yaitu (97,1) laki-laki dan (2,9) perempuan, dan awal mula masyarakat merokok yaitu pada usia 15-24 tahun dengan pendidikan terakhir SMA sederajat. Penghasilan perokok melalui penelitian ini didapatkan sebesar Rp 1.000.000,00 hingga Rp 2.000.000,00. Dari 70 perokok terdapat 40% perokok ketergantungan nikotin rendah hingga sedang, 34,3% responden memiliki ketergantungan rendah; 21,4% responden memiliki tingkat ketergantungan sedang, dan 4,3% responden memiliki tingkat ketergantungan tinggi terhadap nikotin.
Text Message Interventions in Adolescent Mental Health and Addiction Services: Scoping Review
Authors: MacDougall Sarah , Jerrott Susan , Clark Sharon , Campbell Leslie Anne , Murphy Andrea , Wozney Lori
Published: December 2020

Background

The vast majority of adolescent mental health and substance use disorders go undiagnosed and undertreated. SMS text messaging is increasingly used as a method to deliver adolescent health services that promote psychological well-being and aim to protect adolescents from adverse experiences and risk factors critical for their current and future mental health. To date, there has been no comprehensive synthesis of the existing literature on the extent, range, and implementation contexts of these SMS text message interventions.

Objective

The objective of this scoping review was to map and categorize gaps in the current body of peer-reviewed research around the use of SMS text messaging–based interventions for mental health and addiction services among adolescents.

Methods

A scoping review was conducted according to Levac’s adaptation of Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework for scoping reviews in six iterative stages. A search strategy was cocreated and adapted for five unique databases. Studies were screened using Covidence software. The PICO (patient, intervention, comparator, outcome) framework and input from multiple stakeholder groups were used to structure and pilot a data extraction codebook. Data were extracted on study methodology and measures, intervention design, and implementation characteristics, as well as policy, practice, and research implications.

Results

We screened 1142 abstracts. Of these, 31 articles published between 2013 and 2020 were eligible for inclusion. Intervention engagement was the most common type of outcome measured (18/31), followed by changes in cognitions (16/31; eg, disease knowledge, self-awareness) and acceptability (16/31). Interventions were typically delivered in less than 12 weeks, and adolescents received 1-3 messages per week. Bidirectional messaging was involved in 65% (20/31) of the studies. Limited descriptions of implementation features (eg, cost, policy implications, technology performance) were reported.

Conclusions

The use of SMS text messaging interventions is a rapidly expanding area of research. However, lack of large-scale controlled trials and theoretically driven intervention designs limits generalizability. Significant gaps in the literature were observed in relation to implementation considerations, cost, clinical workflow, bidirectionality of texting, and level of personalization and tailoring of the interventions. Given the growth of mobile phone–based interventions for this population, a rigorous program of large-scale, well-designed trials is urgently required.
Mitigating Health Risks to Reopen a Clinical Research Laboratory During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Framework (Preprint)
Authors: Walker Eloise M , Jasper Alice E , Davis Lauren , Yip Kay Por , Faniyi Aduragbemi A , Hughes Michael J , Crisford Helena A , Spittle Daniella A , Sapey Elizabeth , Belchamber Kylie B R , Scott Aaron
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to many countries implementing lockdown procedures, resulting in the suspension of laboratory research. With lockdown measures now easing in some areas, many laboratories are preparing to reopen. This is particularly challenging for clinical research laboratories due to the dual risk of patient samples carrying the virus that causes COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, and the risk to patients being exposed to research staff during clinical sampling. To date, no confirmed transmission of the virus has been confirmed within a laboratory setting; however, operating processes and procedures should be adapted to ensure safe working of samples of positive, negative, or unknown COVID-19 status.

OBJECTIVE

In this paper, we propose a framework for reopening a clinical research laboratory and resuming operations with the aim to maximize research capacity while minimizing the risk to research participants and staff.

METHODS

This framework was developed by consensus among experienced laboratory staff who have prepared to reopen a clinical research laboratory.

RESULTS

Multiple aspects need to be considered to reopen a clinical laboratory. We describe our process to stratify projects by risk, including assessment of donor risk and COVID-19 clinical status, the COVID-19 status of the specific sample type, and how to safely process each sample type. We describe methods to prepare the laboratory for safe working including maintaining social distancing through signage, one-way systems and access arrangements for staff and patients, limiting staff numbers on site and encouraging home working for all nonlaboratory tasks including data analysis and writing. Shared equipment usage was made safe by adapting booking systems to allow for the deployment of cleaning protocols. All risk assessments and standard operating procedures were rewritten and approved by local committees, and staff training was initiated to ensure compliance.

CONCLUSIONS

Laboratories can adopt and adapt this framework to expedite reopening a clinical laboratory during the current COVID-19 pandemic while mitigating the risk to research participants and staff.
The Effects of the ManageHF4Life Mobile App on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Dorsch Michael P , Farris Karen B , Rowell Brigid E , Hummel Scott L , Koelling Todd M
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

The successful management of heart failure (HF) involves guideline-based medical therapy as well as self-management behavior. As a result, the management of HF is moving toward a proactive real-time technological model of assisting patients with monitoring and self-management.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the efficacy of enhanced self-management via a mobile app intervention on health-related quality of life, self-management, and HF readmissions.

METHODS

A single-center randomized controlled trial was performed. Participants older than 45 years and admitted for acute decompensated HF or recently discharged in the past 4 weeks were included. The intervention group (“app group”) used a mobile app, and the intervention prompted daily self-monitoring and promoted self-management. The control group (“no-app group”) received usual care. The primary outcome was the change in Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) score from baseline to 6 and 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes were the Self-Care Heart Failure Index (SCHFI) questionnaire score and recurrent HF admissions.

RESULTS

A total of 83 participants were enrolled and completed all baseline assessments. Baseline characteristics were similar between the groups except for the prevalence of ischemic HF. The app group had a reduced MLHFQ at 6 weeks (mean 37.5, SD 3.5 vs mean 48.2, SD 3.7; P=.04) but not at 12 weeks (mean 44.2, SD 4 vs mean 45.9, SD 4; P=.78), compared to the no-app group. There was no effect of the app on the SCHFI at 6 or 12 weeks. The time to first HF readmission was not statistically different between the app group and the no-app group (app group 11/42, 26% vs no-app group 12/41, 29%; hazard ratio 0.89, 95% CI 0.39-2.02; P=.78) over 12 weeks.

CONCLUSIONS

The adaptive mobile app intervention, which focused on promoting self-monitoring and self-management, improved the MLHFQ at 6 weeks but did not sustain its effects at 12 weeks. No effect was seen on HF self-management measured by self-report. Further research is needed to enhance engagement in the app for a longer period and to determine if the app can reduce HF readmissions in a larger study.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03149510; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03149510
Physical Exercise Program on Fall Prevention Using Technological Interface: Pretest Study (Preprint)
Authors: Nogueira Mª Nilza , Silva Joana , Nogueira Isabel , Pacheco Maria Neto , Lopes Joana , Araújo Fátima
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Prevention of falls among older adults has boosted the development of technological solutions, requiring testing in clinical contexts and robust studies that need prior validation of procedures and data collection tools.

OBJECTIVE

The objectives of our study were to test the data collection procedure, train the team, and test the usability of the FallSensing Games app by older adults in a community setting.

METHODS

This study was conducted as a pretest of a future pilot study. Older adults were recruited in a day care center, and several tests were applied. Physical exercise sessions were held using the interactive FallSensing Games app. Nurse training strategies was completed.

RESULTS

A total of 11 older adults participated. The mean age was 75.08 (SD 3.80) years, mostly female (10/11, 91%) and with low (3-6 years) schooling (10/11, 91%). Clinically, the results show a group of older adults with comorbidities. Cognitive evaluation of the participants through the Mini Mental State Examination showed results with an average score of 25.64 (SD 3.5). Functional capacity assessed using the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (overall score from 0-23, with lower scores reflecting worse capacity to perform activities) showed impairment in different instrumental activities of daily living (average score 14.27). The data collection tool proved to enable easy interpretation; however, its structure needed small adjustments to facilitate the data collection process. Despite the length of the questionnaire, its implementation took an average of 21 minutes. For the assessment of the prevalence of fear of falling, the need to add a question was identified. The performance of functional tests under the guidance and presence of rehabilitation nurses ensured the safety of the participants. The interactive games were well accepted by the participants, and the physical exercises allowed data collection on the functionality of the older adults, such as the number of repetitions in the tests, range of movement (angle), duration of the movements, and execution of each cycle. Concerning the training of the nurses, it was crucial that they had experience with the platform, specifically the position of the chair facing the platform, the position of the feet, the posture of participants, and the use of sensors.

CONCLUSIONS

In the future pilot study, the researchers point out the need to design a study with mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative), thus enriching the study results.
Функциональный и лечебный потенциал инулина (обзор литературы)
Authors: Nyankovskyy S.L. , Nyankovska О.S. , Yatsula M.S. , Horodylovska M.I.
Published: December 2020

Здоровье и питание — это сфера наиболее актуальных исследований на сегодняшний день. Часто бывает, что блюда, которые доставляют нам удовольствие, лишают нас некоторых необходимых питательных веществ, что приводит к возникновению различных недугов, таких как гипергликемия, гиперхолестеринемия, заболевания кишечника и тому подобное. За последние несколько десятилетий возрос спрос на функциональные продукты питания. Несколько исследований показали, что инулин функционирует как пребиотик, способствуя хорошему пищеварению, а также влияет на липидный обмен и уменьшает риск остеопороза за счет увеличения абсорбции кальция. Установлено, что инулин влияет на инсулинемию и гликемию, а также уменьшает риск рака толстой кишки. Последние исследования показали, что он способствует биосинтезу прекурсора витамина D.
Нуклеазы, разрушающие внеклеточную ДНК бактериальных биопленок
Authors: Abaturov А.Е.
Published: December 2020

Внеклеточная бактериальная ДНК (eDNA) принимает активное участие в формировании и жизнедеятельности биопленок, выступая в качестве основного структурного компонента матрикса. Высвобождение eDNA в континуум биопленки осуществляется за счет лизиса бактериальных клеток и активной секреции лизис-независимым механизмом. Молекулы eDNA присутствуют в видоспецифических количествах в биопленках разных микроорганизмов и организованы в виде четких морфологических образований, формирующих сетчатые структуры или нитевидные сети. Значимость eDNA в поддержании стабильности матрикса особенно высока на ранних стадиях развития биопленки. В биопленках eDNA участвует как фактор, способствующий адгезии бактерий, образованию биопленки и продукции внеклеточного матрикса; как структурный компонент в обеспечении стабильности матрикса; как субстрат процесса переноса генов посредством трансформации компетентных сестринских бактерий; как нутриент и как протекторный фактор бактерий биопленок. Снижение содержания eDNA дестабилизирует матрикс, что способствует высвобождению бактерий из биопленок и, как следствие, повышению чувствительности патогенов к действию антибактериальных средств. Расщепление молекул eDNA ДНКазой представляет собой один из путей деградации матрикса биопленок и преодоления бактериальной антибиотикорезистентности, связанной с формированием биопленок. Показано, что ДНКазы, в частности ДНКаза I, ДНКаза 1L2, нуклеаза NucB, достаточно эффективно разрушают «молодые» биопленки различных грамотрицательных и грамположительных бактерий. В настоящее время ДНКазы рассматриваются как возможные модели будущих антибиопленочных лекарственных средств. Ввиду отсутствия долгосрочной активности и ограниченной глубины проникновения при диспергировании биопленок данных препаратов разработан и синтезирован нанотехнологический ДНК-миметический искусственный фермент, который обладает высоким уровнем ДНКаза-подобной антибиопленочной активности. В клинической практике при лечении инфекций у больных с муковисцидозом успешно используется высокоочищенная человеческая рекомбинантная ДНКаза I — дорназа альфа.
Основы диагностики и лечения легочной гипертензии, ассоциированной с заболеванием левых отделов сердца: клинический случай
Authors: Radchenko G.D. , Kushnir S.M. , Sirenko Yu.M.
Published: December 2020

В данной статье описывается клинический случай легочной гипертензии, ассоциированной с заболеванием левых отделов сердца (ЛГ-ЛОС), на фоне сердечной недостаточности с сохраненной фракцией выброса (СНсФВ) у женщины в возрасте 63 лет. История болезни (артериальная гипертензия, фибрилляция предсердий, сахарный диабет, тромбоэмболия легочных артерий, ожирение, хронические обструктивные заболевания легких) и данные обычных инструментальных (отсутствие тромбов в легочных артериях, увеличенные размеры правых отделов сердца, значительно преобладающие над левыми, высокий уровень рассчитанного систолического давления в легочной артерии) и лабораторных методов исследования (высокий уровень мозгового натрий-уретического пептида) не позволили классифицировать группу легочной гипертензии (ЛГ). Лишь применение катетеризации правых отделов сердца помогло правильно определиться с типом ЛГ — посткапиллярная комбинированная ЛГ-ЛОС. В статье также обсуждаются последние рекомендации по диагностике и лечению СНсФВ и ЛГ-ЛОС. Рассматривается предложенный на Европейском конгрессе кардиологов в Париже (2019) алгоритм определения СНсФВ и возможность его использования в Украине. Кроме того, разбираются вопросы морфологических и патогенетических различий между прекапиллярной легочной артериальной гипертензией (ЛАГ) и посткапиллярной ЛГ-ЛОС. Приводятся аргументы о невозможности применения специфической терапии ЛАГ у пациентов с посткапиллярной ЛГ. Обсуждаются данные о возможностях терапевтических вмешательств у пациентов с СНсФВ. Особый акцент делается на коррекции факторов риска и сопутствующих состояний, в том числе за счет модификации образа жизни и немедикаментозного лечения.
История артрологии в зеркале нумизматики
Authors: Syniachenko O.V. , Iermolaeva V.M. , Verzilov S.M. , Liventsova K.V. , Syniachenko T.Yu. , Verzilova S.F.
Published: December 2020

Целью работы был анализ истории артрологии по нумизматическим материалам. Отрасль исторической науки нумизматика (от лат. numisma — «монета») зародилась в XIX веке и стала тесно связанной с экономикой, политикой, культурой и правом, включает в себя тематическое изучение монет, медалей и плакет. Лучше всего историю артрологии иллюстрируют различные формы медальерного изобразительного искусства (экзонумия, или паранумизматика), а медаль стала прообразом памятной (мемориальной) монеты. В данной работе представлен каталог 157 нумизматических материалов (138 медалей, 15 плакет, 4 монеты), в том числе некоторых уникальных, впервые приведенных, отражены этапы развития изучения использования лечебных факторов, есть ссылки на значительные исторические события, упоминаются краткие биографии медиков (62 персоны), внесших неоценимый вклад в формирование этой научной дисциплины. На медалях можно встретить портреты основоположников мировой артрологии, древнеиндийского врача Чараку и древнегреческого Аретея, а также украинских медиков — Агапита Печерского, Е.И. Мухина, А.А. Киселя, Д.Ф. Чеботарева. Работа содержит следующие разделы: «Зарождение артрологии», «Структура и функция суставов», «Остеоартрит», «По­дагрический артрит», «Ревматоидный артрит», «Инфекционный и инфекционно-аллергический (реактивный) артрит», «Туберкулезный артрит», «Другие артриты». К большому сожалению, пока память о знаменитых врачах прошлого недостаточно отмечена выпуском нумизматической продукции, поэтому в будущем надеемся на планомерный подход к этому делу, на целенаправленную пропаганду достижений ревматологии средствами нумизматики, которая подает наглядный пример для изучения истории артрологии, способствует повышению уровня образованности врачей. Авторы рассчитывают на появление новых интересных материалов таких малых форм изобразительного искусства.
Лабораторная диагностика патологии печени у беременных
Authors: Pinsky L.L.
Published: December 2020

В статье представлены данные об особенностях течения гепатитов А, В, С, D, Е у беременных женщин, методы скрининговой верификации патологии печени, клинико-лабораторные признаки внепеченочных проявлений хронических вирусных гепатитов В и С. В представленной работе определены диагностически значимые лабораторные показатели гемохроматоза, аутоиммунного гепатита, внутрипеченочного холестаза беременных, неудержимой рвоты беременных, острой жировой дистрофии печени, HELLP-синдрома. В статье представлены современные методы проведения лабораторной безпункционной биопсии печени для оценки фиброза, активности гепатита и стеатоза печени. Лекция предназначена для врачей-инфекционистов, акушеров-гинекологов, гастроэнтерологов, семейных врачей.
Применение пробиотического штамма Streptococcus salivarius К12 в лечении острых тонзиллофарингитов у детей
Authors: Kramarov S.O. , Yevtushenko V.V. , Seryakova I.Yu. , Kaminskaya T.N.
Published: December 2020

В статье освещено исследование эффективности применения штамма Streptococcus salivarius K12 в лечении острых тонзиллофарингитов у детей. Под наблюдением находилось 50 детей в возрасте от 2 до 17 лет с диагнозом острого стрептококкового тонзиллофарингита, из которых 25 составляли основную группу и получали в комплексном лечении Streptococcus salivarius K12 (препарат Бактоблис). Также в работе представлены результаты многочисленных исследований респираторного пробиотика, демонстрирующие его противомикробный потенциал и эффективность в лечении бактериальных инфекций ротоглотки.
Оценка осведомленности о вакцинации против кори
Authors: Yushchenko L.O. , Tykholaz O.V. , Oliynyk V.S.
Published: December 2020

Актуальность. В условиях пандемии COVID-19 во многих странах происходит снижение уровней охвата вакцинацией, что в дальнейшем может способствовать возникновению новых вспышек вакциноуправляемых заболеваний. Уже сегодня значительное количество детей рискуют не получить необходимую прививку против кори. Цель исследования: оценить грамотность студентов-медиков в вопросах иммунизации против кори, проанализировать их отношение к вакцинации и установить, что влияет на принятие решения, определить основные вопросы, которые беспокоят относительно вакцинации против кори. Материалы и методы. Проведено анонимное онлайн-анкетирование 350 студентов-медиков с помощью Google Forms. Результаты. Согласно Национальному календарю прививок, 80 % участников получили две дозы вакцины против кори, паротита, краснухи (КПК), 2,9 % — одну, 12,9 % — три, 1,4 % оказались непривитыми и 2,9 % не владели точной информацией о вакцинальном статусе. Основные причины, помешавшие иммунизации, следующие: частые заболевания в детстве, наличие хронических заболеваний, отсутствие вакцины, сомнения в качестве вакцины. Во время вспышки студенты вакцинировались по требованию учебного заведения (31 %), собственной инициативе (50 %), совету родителей (17,2 %) и врачей (9,5 %). Среди возможных источников информации студенты выбирали советы врачей (73,9 %), данные интернет-ресурсов (36,9 %) и специальной медицинской литературы (34,2 %). Почти все студенты (95 %) знали схему введения вакцины КПК. Большая часть из них (66,6 %) была осведомлена об условиях хранения, приоритетном месте и пути введения вакцины, но не владела информацией о вспомогательных компонентах, входящих в состав вакцины, ее эффективности и продолжительности иммунитета после иммунизации. Вакцинацию как профилактическое мероприятие поддержали всего 53,3 % студентов. Выводы. Полученные данные указывают на необходимость повышения осведомленности в вопросах вакцинопрофилактики, разработки новых стратегий общения с пациентами о преимуществах иммунизации. Изучение причин отказов от прививок, повышение грамотности иммунизации путем эффективной коммуникации как будущих врачей, так и простых граждан с целью содействия принятию обоснованного решения могут помочь работникам здравоохранения в повышении охвата вакцинацией КПК.
Gaya kepemimpinan transformasional dan situasional di perpustakaan akademik
Authors: Rifauddin Machsun , Munardji Munardji , Halida Arfin Nurma , Kholis Nur
Published: December 2020

Introduction. In academic libraries, transformational and situational leadership is important as it can change organizational behavior and increase the staff performance.There is limited discussion types of leadership. This research discusses  two types of leadership and develops a framework in academic libraries of ideal leadership.

Data Collection Method. The paper used a qualitative approach and considered literature review from books, journals, and other sources related to the theme.

Data Analysis. The paper analyzed various literature, examined and selected data, developed a theoretical framework, and conceptualized the contents.

Result and Discussions. Transformational leadership in the academic library is appropriate to create a vision, however, staff commitments develop slowly. The leadership can be appropriately applied to the academic library with a few human resource as itemphasizes two-way communication to motivate staff. Meanwhile, in the situational leadership, organizational vision can be achieved when staff commitments are developed effectively. The situational leadership can be implemented in the academic libraries with large number of staff by using direct and two-way interaction, as staff motivation may increase when they are trusted.

Conclusion. The transformational and situational leadershipsare effective when applied to the proper circumstances to achieve set goals. Library leaders need to consider strengths and weaknesses of the leadership style.
The Tax Burden and Economic Growth in Morocco: Empirical Analysis
Authors: Karim Mohamed , Bouzahzah Mohamed , Erguigue Othmane
Published: December 2020

The tax burden in Morocco has an important place, both in the political arena and in the media. These debates are often based on the identification of the tax burden in the economy. Moreover, taxation plays a key role in achieving the objectives of the State’s social and economic policy. Because its main role is to collect resources to supply the state budget to meet multiple obligations, taxes have an economic role (correcting market inefficiencies in resource allocation) and a social role (reducing inequalities through income redistribution, social equity...). The paper uses to identify the Laffer growth curve and determine the optimal tax rate maximizing economic growth for the Moroccan economy we used econometric techniques. This empirical study covered the period from 1990 to 2018. However, a high tax rate can influence the macroeconomic performance of the state as in the case of Morocco, since Morocco ranks among the developing countries with a high tax burden, the latter defines the relative importance of taxes and duties (or compulsory levies, such as social insurance contributions on wages) in the national economy based on the tax rate which is considered the most relevant economic indicator. The challenge is to find an optimal tax rate that stimulates economic growth while at the same time achieving fairness and equity in our tax system.
Impact of socioeconomic status on presentation, treatment and outcomes of patients with pancreatic cancer
Authors: Abdel-Rahman Omar
Published: December 2020

Objective:
To assess the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on the patterns of care and outcomes of patients with pancreatic cancer.
Materials & methods:
Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results specialized SES registry has been accessed and patients with pancreatic cancer diagnosed (2000–2015) were evaluated. The following SES variables were included: employment percentage, percent of people above the poverty line, percent of people identified as working-class, educational level, median rent, median household value and median household income. Within this SES registry, patients were classified according to their census-tract SES into three groups (where group-1 represents the lowest SES category and group-3 represents the highest SES category). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the impact of SES on access to surgical resection and multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to assess the impact of SES on pancreatic cancer-specific survival. Kaplan–Meier survival estimates were also used to compare overall survival (OS) outcomes according to SES.
Results:
A total of 83,902 pancreatic cancer patients were included in the current analysis. Within multivariable logistic regression analysis among patients with a localized/regional disease, patients with lower SES were less likely to undergo surgical resection for pancreatic cancer (odds ratio: 0.719; 95% CI: 0.673–0.767; p < 0.001). Among patients with a localized/regional disease who underwent surgical resection, patients with higher SES have better OS (median OS for group-3: 20.0 vs 17.0 months for group-1; p < 0.001). Moreover, patients with lower SES have worse pancreatic cancer-specific survival compared with patients with higher SES: (hazard ratio for group-1 vs group-3: 1.212; 95% CI: 1.135–1.295; p < 0.001).
Conclusion:
Poor neighborhood SES is associated with more advanced disease at presentation, less probability of surgical resection and even poorer outcomes after surgical resection.
O ensino na F.M.U.F.Ba na opinião dos estudantes.
Authors: De Almeida Antonio Jorge Fonseca Sanches , Marinho Jamocyr Moura , Andrade José Gilson , Pedroso Luis Fernando Silva , Barreto Maurício Lima
Published: December 2020

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Variação da mortalidade infantil em diferentes capitais brasileiras (1960 - 1979)
Authors: Paim Jairnison Silva , Costa Maria da Conceição Nascimento
Published: December 2020

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Cobertura vacinal em crianças menores de cinco anos, residentes no estado da Bahia no ano de 1981
Authors: Vasconcelos Sonia Regina de Castro , Silva Lúcia Maria Cavalcanti
Published: December 2020

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Doença de Chagas Congênita na Bahia
Authors: Bittencourt Achiléa Candida Lisboa
Published: December 2020

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Aspectos epidemiológicos dos acidentes por serpentes do gênero Crotalus no estado da Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Santos Sônia Helena Jesus dos , Barbosa Maria das Graças , Rodrigues Daisy Schwab , Bavia Maria Emilia , Barbosa Fabio Rodrigues , Barbosa Flávio Rodrigues
Published: December 2020

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Programa de controle da doença de chagas: atendimento as notificações triatomínicas sem prazo determinado na região administrativa de saúde de araçatuba
Authors: Da Silva Rubens Antonio , Rodrigues Vera Lucia Cortiço Corrêa , Pereira Wilson Alves , Júnior Clóvis Pauliquévis
Published: December 2020

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Apresentação
Authors: Paim Jairnilson Silva
Published: December 2020

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Identificação de áreas de risco para a leishmaniose visceral americana, através de estudos epidemiológicos e sensoriamento remoto orbital, em Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brasil (2000-2002)
Authors: Carneiro Deborah Daniela Madureira Trabuco
Published: December 2020

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Investigação de um surto de toxinfecção alimentar em Salvador - BA
Authors: Dias Juarez Pereira
Published: December 2020

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Adequação da rotulagem de alimentos diet e light: ante a legislação específica
Authors: Paiva Alexandra de Jesus , Henriques Patrícia
Published: December 2020

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Efeitos genotóxicos de fatores considerados de risco para o câncer bucal
Authors: Freita Valéria Souza , Lopes Maíza Alves , Meireles José Roberto Cardoso , Reis Lívia , Cerqueira Eneida de Moraes Marcílio
Published: December 2020

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Distribuição desigual da mortalidade por causas externas: Avaliação de aspectos socioeconômicos
Authors: Araújo Edna Maria de , Araújo Tânia Maria de , Santana Francisco
Published: December 2020

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Oferta e demanda na atenção à saúde bucal: O processo de trabalho no programa saúde da família em Alagoinhas-Bahia
Authors: Rodrigues Ana Áurea Alécio de Oliveira , Assis Marluce Maria de Araújo
Published: December 2020

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Apresentação
Authors: Costa Maria da Conceição O. , De Araújo Tânia Maria
Published: December 2020

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Sexualidade: Concepções, valores e condutas entre universitários de biologia de UEFS
Authors: Melo Andréa Silene Alves Ferreira , Santana Judith Sena da Silva
Published: December 2020

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Avaliação de método para rastreamento e controle de hipertensos
Authors: Mora Gomes Marco Antonio
Published: December 2020

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Hipertensão em uma unidade de saúde do SUS: orientação para o autocuidado
Authors: Silva Cátia Andrade
Published: December 2020

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HUMANIZAÇÃO NOS SERVIÇOS: EXPERIÊNCIA VOLTADA À EDUCAÇÃO PERMANENTE
Authors: Gomes dos Santos Vilênia Maria
Published: December 2020

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CONSTRUINDO UMA PROPOSTA DE AVALIAÇÃO DE ESTÁGIOS CURRICULARES NA REDE SUS-BA
Authors: Fagundes Norma Carapiá
Published: December 2020

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AVALIAÇÃO DOS FATORES DE RISCO DE SINTOMAS DEPRESSIVOS EM POPULAÇÃO DE DIABÉTICOS DA REDE PÚBLICA MUNICIPAL DE SAÚDE DE TAUBATÉ (SP)
Authors: Gonçalves Márcia , Câmara Fernando Portela
Published: December 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar fatores de risco biológicos (história pregressa de doença grave) e fatores psicossociais, para Transtornos Depressivos em estudo transversal com amostra de pacientes com diabete melito da rede de atenção primária à saúde da Prefeitura de Taubaté (SP). Participaram da pesquisa 192 pacientes de um programa de atenção primária de diabetes da cidade de Taubaté (SP). O grupo controle foi constituído de oitenta e quatro (84) voluntários sem história de transtornos depressivos e/ou diabetis. Foram utilizadas escalas de Beck para Depressão e questionário de fatores psicosociais amplamente utilizado na literatura. Os riscos associados aos fatores foram analisados por regressão logística binária e a análise. Foi utilizado o software Minitab 4.0. Encontraram-se dois tipos de riscos: riscos de estresse biológico, no qual a presença de diabetes e história pregressa de doença grave (estressores biológicos considerados em nosso experimento) constituíram os únicos riscos para depressão na amostra examinada; e riscos psicossociais, nos quais a presença de filhos e escolaridade tiveram uma participação significativa entre os fatores de risco para depressão na população com diabetis. Concluiu-se que a presença de diabetes e história pregressa de doença grave, bem como a presença de filhos e escolaridade foram os fatores de risco encontrados.
AVALIAÇÃO DA CAPACIDADE DE REALIZAÇÃO DAS ATIVIDADES COTIDIANAS EM IDOSOS RESIDENTES EM DOMICÍLIO
Authors: Torres Gilson de Vasconcelos , Reis Luciana Araújo dos , Reis Luana Araújo dos , Fernandes Marcos Henrique , Alves Giani dos Santos
Published: December 2020

Este estudo tem por objetivo descrever a capacidade de realização das atividades cotidianas em idosos residentes em domicílio. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter descritivo com corte transversal e amostra de 117 idosos dependentes, cadastrados nas Unidades de Saúde da Família da área de abrangência do bairro do Jequiezinho, no município de Jequié (BA). Os instrumentos de coleta foram o Índice de Barthel, levantamento de dados sociodemográficos e condições de saúde. Os dados foram organizados em planilha do Programa Estatístico SPSS, versão 13.0, sendo posteriormente realizada análise estatística descritiva. Verificou-se que a média de idade foi 80,79 (± 9,77) anos, houve maior frequência de idosos do sexo feminino (70,09%), não alfabetizados (63,25%), viúvos (46,15%) e com problemas de saúde (93,16%). Em relação à capacidade funcional, a média foi de 53,89 (± 24,46) pontos e 53,85% dos idosos apresentaram dependência do tipo leve. Constatou-se que a maioria dos idosos apresentou dependência do tipo leve, isto pode ser justificado devido ao fato de que boa parte apresentou idade inferior a 80 anos. Desta forma faz-senecessária a implementação de medidas preventivas de conservação da capacidade funcional, para que esses idosos possam envelhecer mantendo uma boa capacidade funcional.
SAÚDE BUCAL NO PROGRAMA DE SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA NA CIDADE DE FEIRA DE SANTANA (BA): O PERFIL DO CIRURGIÃO-DENTISTA
Authors: Rodrigues Ana Áurea Alécio de Oliveira , Gallotti Angelo Prazeres , Pena Samara Figueiredo Albernaz , Ledo Carlos Alberto da Silva
Published: December 2020

O cirurgião-dentista, cuja formação tem valorizado mais práticas curativas, foi incluído na estratégia saúde da família devido à necessidade de melhorar os indicadores epidemiológicos de saúde bucal e ampliar o acesso da população brasileira na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). O objetivo deste estudo é conhecer o perfil dos profissionais de odontologia inseridos no ESF em Feira de Santana (BA), a fim de investigar se esse perfil é adequado às diretrizes e objetivos desse programa, no que tange às questões de promover, proteger e recuperar a saúde. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, que utilizou como instrumento de coleta de dados o questionário. Os resultados evidenciaram que 68% dos Cirurgiões-Dentistas são do sexofeminino, com faixa etária compreendida entre 23 e 45 anos de idade, cerca de 20% tem 3 anos de formados e fizeram sua graduação na Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. No processo de inserção no programa não foi realizado concurso público, sendo 100% dos entrevistados admitidos por meio de contrato. No que se refere à capacitação 68% a possui com foco na Estratégia Saúde da Família e, destes, 100% realizam atividades relacionadas à educação em saúde, executadas na própria unidade ou em escolas, asilos, igrejas e creches. Concluiu-se que a grande maioria dos participantes tem uma visão coletiva, voltada para a prevenção, o que representa umavanço na prática em Saúde Bucal, e aponta para um novo modelo de atenção em Odontologia.
A ESCOLA COMO ESPAÇO PROMOTOR DE SAÚDE BUCAL: CUIDANDO DE ESCOLARES POR MEIO DE AÇÕES COLETIVAS
Authors: Borges Boniek Castillo Dutra , Trindade Francisco Canindé da Silva , Silva Renata Suellen Galvão da , Fernandes Maria Julieta Medeiros , Costa Íris do Céu Clara , Pinheiro Isauremi Vieira de Assunção
Published: December 2020

Como alternativas ao controle da cárie dentária em serviços públicos, o Tratamento Restaurador Atraumático (ART), bem como o selamento de cicatrículas e fissuras, têm sido realizados de forma a minimizar o número de extrações dentárias realizadas nos países subdesenvolvidos. Este trabalho objetivou relatar os resultados de uma ação coletiva realizada por estudantes de Odontologia da UFRN. O público alvo incluiu 120 alunos de uma Escola Municipal na cidade de Jardim de Piranhas (RN), Brasil. Foram feitas orientações quanto à saúde bucal, pormeio de palestras educativas e teatro de fantoches, extensivas aos pais/responsáveis. Após exame clínico e medição do CPO-D/ceo-d, todos os escolares receberam orientação de higiene bucal e aplicação tópica de flúor. Crianças de 4 a 12 anos de idade receberam restaurações atraumáticas (ART) e selamentos da superfície oclusal com cimento de ionômero de vidro. O Índice de Placa Visível (IPV) médio e o Índice de Sangramento Gengival (ISG) médio foram 31% e 15%, respectivamente. Foram executados 34 ARTs e 39 selamentos. Após seis meses, a média do IPV reduziu para 15% (p<0.001) e a do ISG para 6% (p<0.001). Notou-se que 40% das ARTspermaneceram íntegras e 60% haviam sido perdidas. Quanto aos selantes, 21,9% estiveram íntegros, 25% com perda parcial e 53,1% perderam-se totalmente. Não houve incidência de cárieneste período. Percebeu-se que o programa foi efetivo na promoção e manutenção de saúde oral dos escolares envolvidos.
BIOSSEGURANÇA À LUZ DA ERGOLOGIA: POSSIBILIDADES PARA A SAÚDE DO TRABALHADOR
Authors: Das Neves Tatiana Pereira , Lima Roberta de Oliveira Jaime Ferreira
Published: December 2020

Estudo de natureza teórico-conceitual, que discute como os aportes da abordagem ergológica podem contribuir para uma compreensão mais ampliada da biossegurança. Como tal abordagem francesa considera o trabalho como “uso de si”, isto é, compreende que trabalhar nunca se resume a repetir normas preestabelecidas, no presente estudo argumenta-se que somente pela participação dos trabalhadores é possível construir estratégias de prevenção de riscos adequadas. Conclui-se que os saberes científicos ou aqueles construídos na prática são sempre incompletos; portanto é fundamental que tais saberes sejam constantemente aproximados e articulados para que se aperfeiçoem mutuamente, produzindo, assim, estratégias de biossegurança realmente efetivas que considerem os trabalhadores como reais sujeitos da aprendizagem, com suas diferenças e particularidades.
AVALIAÇÃO MICROBIOLÓGICA DE DIFERENTES MARCAS DE ÁGUA MINERAL
Authors: Castro Larissa Rafaele dos Santos , Carvalho Joelza Silva , Vale Vera Lúcia Costa
Published: December 2020

As bactérias do grupo coliformes são indicadoras de contaminação fecal, sendo empregadas como parâmetro para caracterização da qualidade das águas em geral, bem como monitoramento daquelas destinadas ao consumo humano. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade bacteriológica de água mineral. Foram analisadas sete diferentes marcas comercializadas no município de Alagoinhas (BA), no período de junho de 2008 a junho de 2009, pelo método de tubos múltiplos, para a determinação do número mais provável (NMP/100 mL) de coliformes totais e termotolerantes, contagem padrão e coloração de Gram, para análise das características morfotintoriais das bactérias mesofílicas. As análises foram realizadas no Laboratório de Biologia Experimental da Universidade do Estado da Bahia (UNEB), Campus II, Alagoinhas. Nos resultados obtidos, três amostras apresentaram contaminação por coliformes totais e, dentre estas, duas revelaram contaminação por coliformes termotolerantes. Na contagem de colônias, três amostras deram resultados insatisfatórios com mais de 500 UFC/mL. Verificou-se a presença de bactérias Gram positivas e Gram negativas, cocos e bacilos. Estes resultados mostram que 57,1% das amostras encontram-se em desacordo com um ou mais padrões e são contraindicadas para consumo humano.
A VOZ DAS PROFESSORAS DURANTE A ATIVIDADE LETIVAa
Authors: Alves Liliana Amorim , Oliveira Gisele , Behlau Mara
Published: December 2020

Professores submetem-se a várias jornadas de laborais, ministrando sucessivas aulas. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a voz destes trabalhadores durante a atividade letiva e relacioná-las com sinais e sintomas vocais. Tornaram-se sujeitos 73 mulheres, professores do ensino fundamental ao técnico de escolas particulares. Parâmetros vocais foram obtidos por meio de um protocolo de avaliação; foram realizadas observações das aulas e aplicado um questionário relativo às queixas, sinais e sintomas vocais; as vozes foram classificadas em adaptadas e desviadas. A análise fonoaudiológica evidenciou vozes alteradas, não correspondendo à percepção das professoras sobre sua própria voz, que as entendem como adaptadas. Por não perceberem estas alterações, as professoras descuidam-se da voz. Concluiu-se que cuidados prevencionistas são importantes para a efetividade do uso vocal em sua profissão.
FATORES ASSOCIADOS AO EXCESSO DE PESO EM FUNCIONÁRIOS DE UM HOSPITAL UNIVERSITÁRIO
Authors: Jansen Ann Kristine , Lopes Aline Cristine Souza , Lopes Filho José Divino
Published: December 2020

O objetivo deste estudo é investigar as variáveis associadas ao excesso de peso em funcionários de um Hospital Universitário. Trata-se de estudo transversal de amostra representativa selecionada aleatoriamente que respondeu a questões sobre saúde, consumo alimentar e prática de atividade física. Aferidos peso e altura, analisados pelo Índice de Massa Corporal classificados segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde. A amostra foi subdividida em eutrofia e excesso de peso. A análise multivariada de regressão logística foi utilizada para descrever a relação entre as variáveis preditoras com o excesso de peso. Os resultados da análise dos dados apontaram que, dentre os 193 funcionários que participaram da pesquisa, 66,3% eram do sexo feminino, com idade entre 20 a 57 anos, e 52,9% apresentavam excesso de peso. Os fatores associadas ao excesso de peso foram: exames bioquímicos alterados (OR=3,75; IC95%: 1,36-10,34), histórico de doença familiar (OR=2,65; IC95%: 1,25-5,63), consumo de bebida alcoólica (OR=2,26; IC95%:1,10-4,62), consumo de pele frango (OR=3,51; IC95%: 1,56-7,91), prática de caminhada (OR=10,03; IC95%: 10,00-10,05) e estado menopausal para as mulheres (OR=21,15 IC95%: 1,87-239,28). Concluiu-se que são necessárias mudanças nos hábitos alimentares, no consumo de bebida alcoólica e na prática de atividade física, para que esses profissionais possam melhorar o estilo de vida, reduzindo o risco da ocorrência de doenças e agravos não transmissíveis.
OCORRÊNCIA DE HEPATITES VIRAIS NA MICORREGIÃO DE FEIRA DE SANTANA, BAHIA
Authors: Cerqueira Erenilde Marques de , Paraná Raymundo , Do Nascimento Maria Ângela Alves
Published: December 2020

As hepatites A, B e C são endêmicas em muitos países, inclusive no Brasil, que, mesmo registrando o avanço silencioso, sobretudo dos vírus B e C, o que tem se tornando uma grande preocupação para a saúde pública, ainda não conseguiu avançar na vigilância epidemiológica desses agravos, a despeito da implantação do Programa Nacional das Hepatites Virais, em 2002. O objetivo do estudo é determinar a ocorrência das hepatites virais na regional de Feira de Santana, Bahia, no período de 1999 a 2006. Trata-se de estudo descritivo com base nos dados do Sistema de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) referentes aos casos notificados nos 27 municípios que compõem a microrregião. Os resultados apontam que foram notificados 2.617 casos de hepatites virais, sendo 44,0% HBV, 42,0% HAV, 13,0% HCV e 1,0% vírus B+C. Verifica-se a subnotificação, uma vez que o município polo da microrregião Feira de Santana é responsável pela maioria dos registros. Conclui-se que é necessária a promoção de ações educativas de divulgação sobre a doença, capacitação de profissionais de saúde e ampliação da rede de assistência para todos os demais municípios.