bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of Al Shmamat ul Anbriyah min maulid e khair ul briyah by Nawab Siddique Hassan, and Critical Study of unique subjects.
Authors: Ali Usman , Azhar Dr. Muhammad Munir
Published: June 2021

Nawab Siddique Hassan Khan is renowned author of Sub-Continent and placed a well-known award for his writings. This article describes the methodology and characteristics of Al Shmamat ul Anbriyah min maulid e khair ul briyah. This book is basically a seerat study and contains on many new but unfamiliar sources of Seerah. So, he had a great addition on seerat by writing this book. It was in ancient Urdu, hardly to understand its text. The author made this possible in his research work and he also examined its methodology. In this article a managed and detailed description of this book is presented. However, we found some unique errors of references and textual study of seerah. Mostly he used a random method during the writing of this book. Author found many features of this book, whom doesn’t exist in other seerat books like this. still there are many points, which decrease its importance and creates negative opinion regarding his seerat writing, as some times he included third party research and paid its credit to himself and many places he added irrelevant narrations to his subject.
Resposta do milho à adubação nitrogenada em sucessão a coberturas de solo no outono-inverno em gleissolo
Authors: Alves José Antonio Severo Celestino , Da Silva Paulo Regis Ferreira , Tadashi Bruno
Published: June 2021

O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar os efeitos de cobertura de solo de outono-inverno sobre a resposta do milho cultivado em sucessão em terras baixas à adubação nitrogenada em cobertura. No Experimento 1, os tratamentos consistiram em três sistemas de cobertura de solo no outono-inverno (cornichão, azevém, pousio) e da aplicação de cinco doses de nitrogênio (0, 50, 100, 200, 300 kg ha-1 ) em cobertura no milho em sucessão. No Experimento 2, os tratamentos constaram de duas épocas de dessecação da serradela nativa e uma testemunha, com área em pousio durante o outono-inverno, e de quatro sistemas de manejo da adubação nitrogenada em cobertura no milho cultivado em sucessão. Os sistemas de manejo constaram de duas doses de N em cobertura (100 e 200 kg ha-1 ), aplicadas em diferentes épocas. Para os dois experimentos, o delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados, dispostos em parcelas divididas, com quatro repetições. O milho em sucessão ao azevém produziu 7,7 e 11,0 % menos em relação, à sucessão ao cornichão e ao pousio. Em relação ao pousio no outono-inverno, com rendimento de grãos de 8,87 Mg ha-1 , na média de sistemas de manejo do N, o rendimento de grãos cultivados em sucessão à serradela nativa aumentou em 12,6 e 19,4 %, com as dessecações realizadas aos 56 e 14 dias antes da semeadura. A eficiência agronômica de uso do N pelo milho aumentou com o atraso da época de dessecação da serradela nativa e diminuiu com o incremento da dose de N aplicado.
Addition of blue pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) extract increase antioxidant activity in yogurt from various types of milk
Authors: Sutakwa Adi , Nadia Lana Santika , Suharman Suharman
Published: June 2021

Blue pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) is known as the source of anthocyanin and has potential as a natural blue dye. The present study aimed to determine the effect of additional blue pea flower (BPFE) to yogurt from various types of milk. The study used dried blue pea flowers, extracted with water in 3:1 (g.L-1) ratio, at the extraction condition of 60 ˚C and 45 minutes. The fermentation was processed by adding BPFE to (A) liquid skim milk, (B) ultra-high temperature (UHT) milk, (C) pasteurized milk, (D) UHT milk with skim powder, and (E) pasteurized milk with skim powder. Then, the yogurt starter was added to all milk samples, evenly mixed and incubated for 24 hours at 37 ˚C. The fermentation of all five different milk to make plain yogurt also processed with same method without addition of BPFE. The antioxidant activity and color intensity of yogurt are evaluated to investigate the effect of BPFE in yogurt. The result showed that the plain yogurt without the addition of BPFE has antioxidant activity and increases with the addition of BPFE. Skim milk BPFE yogurt has the highest antioxidant activity (437.04 ppm) with the values of L*, a*, b* was 37.35; 2.02; -1.32, respectively. Antioxidant activity of the other BPFE yogurt, which was added with skim milk, also increased. The BPFE yogurt made from skim milk or added skim milk had higher antioxidant activity than the other types of milk.
Allocative Inefficiency of General Hospitals in Poor Countries: A Case Study of Uganda
Authors: Ajanga Max
Published: June 2021

The increasing costs of healthcare arising largely from the growing population and emergence of non-communicable diseases have exerted pressure on healthcare budgets in poor countries. With a funding gap of 7% to realize WHO recommended target of 15 percent of GDP in Uganda, there is a need for hospitals to be efficient in allocation of financial resources in order to provide the required level of healthcare services. Most studies on Uganda have focused on the technical inefficiency of general hospitals and evidence on their allocative inefficiency is limited.  Understanding the sources of inefficiency in the allocation of finances in general hospitals in Uganda is important to improve their performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the allocative inefficiency of the general hospitals in Uganda in order to provide a source of misuse of public allocations to a particular general hospital. Panel data from 22 general hospitals for the period 1997-2007 were used. Allocative inefficiency was estimated using Stochastic Frontier Analysis. The findings show that general hospitals are systematically allocatively inefficient in distributing the public funds given to them.  The allocative inefficiencies value is high on payments of employee benefits (34.8 percent), followed by the purchase of drugs (29.2%) and lastly, costs on utilities like electricity and water (14.1%). To address the existing allocative inefficiencies, general hospitals in Uganda can improve the process of hiring of labour and management of staff payroll; monitor procurement of drugs, and reduce wastages in the use of utilities.
Millaiset normit kehystävät työelämää koskevia ratkaisuja pienten lasten vanhempien puheessa?
Authors: Järventausta Eeva , Paananen Maiju , Karila Kirsti
Published: June 2021

Tässä artikkelissa tarkastelemme, minkälaisten kulttuuristen normien kontekstissa pienten lasten vanhemmat tekevät työelämään osallistumista ja lastenhoitoa koskevia ratkaisuja. Erityistä huomiota kiinnitämme ihannetyöntekijää koskeviin kulttuurisiin odotuksiin ja työelämää koskeville ratkaisuille asetettuihin ehtoihin. Normeja tarkastellaan kehyksen käsitteen kautta (Goffman 1974). Kulttuurisilla kehyksillä, joiden varassa ratkaisujen jäsentyminen tapahtuu, on merkitystä sille, millaiset vaihtoehdot nähdään mahdollisina ja millaisiin ratkaisuihin pienten lasten vanhemmat päätyvät. Tutkimusaineisto koostuu 64 haastattelukerrasta, joissa haastateltavina oli joko yksi tai kaksi 1–2-vuotiaan lapsen vanhempaa. Analyysimme osoittaa, että työelämään osallistumisen ratkaisuja jäsennetään ensisijaisesti toisiinsa kietoutuvien ja sukupuolittuneiden ihannetyöntekijän ja toimeentuloa koskevien kehysten kautta. Toisaalta näitä ratkaisuja kehystävät myös työn merkityksellisyyteen ja hyvään vanhemmuuteen liittyvät normit. Erityisesti hyvään vanhemmuuteen liittyvät normit asettuvat hankalaan ristiriitaan dominoivien ihannetyöntekijyyden ja toimeentuloa koskevien normien kanssa silloin, kun hyvä vanhemmuus, erityisesti äitiys, rakentuu suomalaisessa yhteiskunnassa voimakkaasti korostuneelle lasten kotihoidon ihanteelle. Tulokset valottavat pienten lasten vanhempien työelämään osallistumista koskevia ratkaisuja kehystävien normien monitahoisuutta ja keskinäistä dynamiikkaa.
Bioactive Compounds and Anticancer Activities of Moringa Oleifera of East Nusa Tenggara Origin
Authors: Marylin Susanti Junias  , I GustiNgurah Budiana  , Apris A. Adu  , R. Pasifikus Christa Wijaya  , Indra Yohanes Kiling
Published: June 2021

This research aimsto know the bioactive compound content of Moringa leaves and seeds so that later it can be developed as a candidate for anticancer drugs. The extraction process results showed n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extract levels in the Moringa leaves, respectively; 11.38%; 25.56%, and 40.1%. TheLC50valuesoftheethylacetateextractofMoringaleavesandseedswere127.95 ppm and 117.52 ppm. Furthermore, the LC 50 values of the ethanol extract of Moringa leaves and seeds were 34.58 and 60.69 ppm. The levels of bioactive compounds of the ethyl acetate extract of Moringa leaves and seeds were 137.5 ppm and 6.5 ppm. Based on the anticancer activity test results, all extracts of both Moringa leaves and seeds have potent anticancer activity (<1000 ppm). The n-hexane extract and the ethanol extract of Moringa leave from Kupangcan be developed as ananticancer.
The Effect of “Friends” Program Training on the Loneliness of 8-18 Years Old Children with Thalassemia Major in Golestan Province of Iran
Authors: Masoumeh Ghorbanpour  , Farhad Aref  , Atefeh Haghparast  , Haniye Asadinejad  , Gol Bahar Akhondzadeh
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Beta thalassemia is an inherited genetic disorder that is associated with severe physical and mental illnesses. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of “Friends” program training on the loneliness of children with thalassemia major at thalassemia centers of Golestan.Materials and Methods: This quasi-intervention study with two intervention and control groups was conducted on 50 children with thalassemia major aged 8-18 years referred to thalassemia centers in Golestan province in 2019. In the intervention group, the Friends program training was carried out in ten 60-minute long sessions. Demographic information form and Asher’s children loneliness questionnaire were the tools used for data collection. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 25 at the significance level of P < 0.05.Results: The results showed that, the mean score of loneliness before the intervention was 33.32 ± 10.61 in the intervention group and 41.4 ± 12.20 in the control group. The mean score of loneliness after the intervention decreased to 28.36 ± 7.74 in the intervention group, and 40.68 ± 11.68 in the control group. The ANCOVA test showed a significant difference in the mean score of loneliness after the intervention by removing the effect of pretest (P = 0.01). Conclusion: The use of Friends program training can be considered as an efficient method in improving medical outcomes related to the loneliness of children with thalassemia and limiting unnecessary health care costs.
The Relation of TMJ Disorders with Stress Level and Blood Groups among Dental Students in Baghdad, Iraq
Authors: Malath Nabil Jafar
Published: June 2021

Introduction: TMDs are a common group of disorders that affect approximately 60–70% of the general population. The aim of current study is to find out the association between TMJ disorders with stress levels and blood groups among dental students in Baghdad, Iraq. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 60 dental students in Baghdad, Iraq using convivence sampling method. Perceived stress scale questionnaires were used to measure stress level among respondents. Results: The majority of respondents had a headache (55.0%), with pain (28.3%), clicking (45.0%) and bruxism (31.7%). Regarding bad habits, only (23.3%) had bad habits. There was a significant association between TMJ Pain, Bruxism and stress level with P value (0.016, 0.02) respectively. Also, there was a significant association between bruxism and blood group type with P value (0.014). Conclusion: There was a significant association between TMJ disorders (pain, bruxism) with stress level and also between bruxism and blood group types. More education and promotion are needed regarding TMJ disorders and how to deal with complications especially among young adults like university students.
The Pathways of the Inflated Beliefs of Responsibility and their Relationship to the Side- Thinking of Prisoners Practicing for Sports
Authors: Amer Saeed Al-Khagani  , Haider Jasim Nema
Published: June 2021

The research included the introduction and the importance of research: The importance of identifying the paths of the inflated beliefs of responsibility and their relation to the side thinking of the sports-practicing prisoners in the Division of Positions and Altesfarat in Diwaniyah. The aim of the research is: The relationship between the paths of the inflated beliefs of responsibility and the side-thinking of sports-practicing prisoners in the Diwaniyah Positions and Altesfarat Division.The Imposition of The Search: The researcher assumes that there is a real link between the paths of the inflated beliefs of responsibility and the side-thinking of the sports-practicing prisoners in the Diwaniyah Positions and Altesfarat Division.The research methodology and procedures are also included in the field, as researchers used the descriptive approach in the survey style and comparative studiesThe research sample, which is the sports-practicing prisoners, is used to discuss the tools used in research, testing used and statistical means.The results were presented and discussed, and the results were presented in tabular form and then discussed. The research contained conclusions and recommendations, the most important conclusions being: There are statistically significant moral differences between the paths of the inflated beliefs of responsibility and the side-thinking of prisoners practicing sports activity
Determining the Relationship between Severity of Clinical Symptoms and Severity of Radiographic Findings in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Maysa Ghayyem  , Shahab Shafeian  , SainaAmintoosi  , Behdad Nadimi  , Mohsen Ghorbani  , Saeid Gholami Emam Moghadam  , Sina Faghani
Published: June 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the relationship between severity of clinical symptoms and severity of radiographic findings in patients with knee osteoarthritis.Methods: In this cross-sectional analysis, 84 patients with knee osteoarthritis were studied. Clinical signs, including pain, joint effusion, morning stiffness, and limb deformity, were compared with the Kellgren and Lawrence radiographic classification reviewed by each patient.The relationship between K/L garde and BMI, age, duration of disease and gender was also investigated.Results: This study conducted on 84 patients with knee osteoarthritis found a significant direct relationship betweenquantitative pain, VAS, and K/Lscore,as well asqualitative pain and K/L score(P=0.000).Moreover, there was a significant relationship between morning stiffness duration and gender (P=0.012). A direct relationship was also reported between disease duration and K/L score of patients (P=0.000) and Pearson coefficient was positive.Conclusion: this study proved that with increasing VAS and patients’ pain, patients are in a higher classification of K/L score.
Age Estimation of Adults Using Permanent Mandibular First Molars on Digital Panoramic Radiographs
Authors: Meghana Maruthi  , Karthikeya Patil  , Mahima VG  , Nagabhushana Doggalli  , Sanjay CJ  , Mahesh KP
Published: June 2021

Background: Morphometric analysis of teeth on radiographs for age estimation are considered to be simple, reliable and non-invasive. The aim of this study was to analyse the efficacy of tooth coronal index (TCI) to estimate age in Indian population and to assess the influence of diet and masticatory habit on TCI. The study comprised of 160 subjects in the age range of 21-71 years, categorized into groups based on chronological age, gender, diet and masticatory habit. Coronal Height (CH) and Coronal Pulp Cavity Height (CPCH) of permanent mandibular first molars was measured on digital panoramic radiographs using Planmeca Romexis software measurement tools. TCI was calculated using the formula: TCI= (CPCH ×100)/CH. Statistical analysis was performed, ANOVA and Pearson correlation was applied along with regression analysis to obtain an estimated age using TCI. Results: A negative correlation was obtained between the chronological age and TCI. Three-way ANOVA exhibited a significant difference in TCI within the age groups and dietary groups (p value = <0.05). There was no significant difference within the sexes, sides and masticatory groups. The most precise estimated age using the regression formula was in individuals between 31 – 40 years with an error of +/- 5 years in 55% of females, 65% of males. Conclusions: This study suggests that although TCI is a good predictor of age, it is most suitable to determine age of individuals between 31-40 years with the least error in estimation. This study also throws a light on the influence of diet on TCI.
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Developmental Supportive Care Bundle on Neonatal Outcomes of Low Birth Weight Babies at Selected Hospital of Ambala, Haryana
Authors: Neelam Thakur  , Yogesh Kuma  , Parvinder Kaur  , Jyoti Sarin
Published: June 2021

Background: Neonatal period, the first 28 days of life is most vulnerable and crucial time for babies, whose birth weight is less than 2.5 kg. Developmental supportive care is an integrated approach for these babies. The main objectives of the study were to assess and compare neonatal outcomes (physiological, comfort behavior) of LBW Babies before and after implementation of Developmental Supportive Care Bundle in experimental and comparison group and to determine the association of neonatal outcomes of LBW Babies with their selected demographic variables in experimental and comparison group. Methodology: Quasi-Experimental research design (Non- Equivalent Control Group Pretest Posttest Design) was used. Data was collected from 30 Low Birth Weight Babies (15 in each group) by convenience sampling technique in NICU of MMIMS&R of Ambala, Haryana. Pre assessment – temperature and pain assessment done before intervention in both group. After that intervention given in only experimental group and post test done on 2 to 5 days. On day 4, the mean post implementation score (36.60) of temperature was found significantly (p=.01*) higher in experimental group. On day 2 to 5, the mean post implementation score (6.80, 6.40, 6.47 and 6.47) of comfort behavior was found to be significantly (p=.006*, .001*, .005* and .002* respectively) higher in experimental group. Conclusions: The findings of the study concluded that Developmental Supportive Care Bundle (DSCB) was effective in improving neonatal outcomes (temperature and comfort behavior) of Low Birth Weight babies.
Independence of Brushing Teeth to Free-Plaque Score in Preschool Children: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Ngatemi  , Tedi Purnama  , Ni Nyoman Kasihani
Published: June 2021

Preschool children do not yet have independence in maintaining oral hygiene, especially brushing teeth. Bad oral hygiene causes plaque accumulation, where brushing teeth is a simple act of removing plaque and food debris with a toothbrush and toothpaste, because plaque and food debris are the main causes of dental caries. Purpose: This study was to determine the relationship between independence of brushing teeth to free plaque score in preschool children. Method: This type of analytic observational study with cross sectional design. The research was conducted on the students of Bintang Kindergarten in Pondok Labu Village, Cilandak District, South Jakarta. Data collection using the observation sheet brushing teeth and index free plaqu score.Data analysis using Chi-Square. Result: Less of independence in brushing teeth as many as 28 respondents (87.5%) and as many as 4 respondents (12.5%) independently brushed their teeth while the free plaque score with good criteria was 3 respondents (9.4%) and 29 respondents (90.6%) with bad criteria. Independence of brushing teeth on the free plaque score showed that the p-value was 0.001 (p <0.05). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between independence of brushing teeth on free plaque score in preschool children.
Assessment for the Risk Factors of Polypharmacy in Elderly Patients
Authors: Mustafa Majed Helayeel  , Dhuha Ahmed Majeed  , Noor Mohammed Falih  , Inam Sameh Arif  , Amani Anees Abbody
Published: June 2021

Polypharmacy is typical clinical issue in elderly people, it includes prescribed medications, over-the-counter (OTC) and herbal preparations.A total of 173 Iraqi elderly patients of age 60 years and above, were enrolled in this study. Data were collected using structured, cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey. List of required data were recorded by interviewing patients during admission to Baghdad teaching hospital, Al-Yarmouk teaching hospital and 3 community pharmacies in Baghdad governorate. From August - September 2019 in Baghdad-Iraq. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 25). Relationships between daily drug consumptions (DDC) and other continuous variables were examined using spearmen’s correlation. For between-group comparisons of daily drug consumptions, Student’s t-tests were performed. For categorical variables with more than 2 categories, multi-factor ANOVA (Analysis of variance) was performed.Significant number of the older Iraqi patient population has a high prevalence of polypharmacy with a highprevalence of consumption of lipid modifying drugs, proton pump inhibitor, oral antidiabetic drugs, and angiotensin II receptor antagonist. according to this study. The findings of this study showed that the higherDDC was significantly associated with hypertension alongside higher number of comorbidities, ADRs andPIM. Intraclass polypharmacy was highly associated with anti-hypertensives and lipid modifying drugs, suggesting revision of the drug-dispensing policy among older Iraqi population.
Correlation of Hematological Parameters on Maternal and Pediatric Leprosy ImmunityRatio: A Study in Endemic Areas in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Listiawan Muhammad Yulianto , Sigit Prakoeswa Flora Ramona , Endaryanto Anang , Sigit Prakoeswa Cita Rosita
Published: June 2021

Background: Leprosy is chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Endemic areas stillexisted with stable number of new cases including new cases of pediatric leprosy and female leprosy cases.Close contact and women’s role in household increase the risk of transmission of leprosy to their children.Population lived in endemic areas are prone to contract leprosy due to dysregulation of immune system. Thisstudy aims to analyze correlation of hematological parameters and immunity ration in maternal and pediatricleprosy in endemic areas.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in endemic areas in Tuban Regency, East Java Province,Indonesia. The blood sample was taken from the subjects and underwent complete hematological parametertest (hemoglobin, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, hematocrit) and measurement of T cellsactivityratio(Th1/Th2 ratio and Th17/Treg ratio) by ELISA. Correlation test was done between blood testresultsand the immunity ratio of maternal and pediatric leprosy in endemic areas.Results: 33 pairs of maternal and pediatric leprosy cases were analyzed. This study found correlationbetween RBC (p value= 0.029) and HCT (p value= 0.038) with Th17/Treg ratio in children population. Nosignificant results observed in mothers population.Conclusion: The result of this study shows that hematological paramaters (HB and HCT) related to theTh17/Treg ratio and could play roles in the incidence of dysregulation of immune system in children leprosy.
The Role of Cdk5 and TRPV1 in Meloxicam Resistance Signal Transduction in Rat Experiencing Chronic Pain
Authors: Qorib Mohammad F. , Reny I’tishom  , Sudjarwo Sri A. , Basori Ahmad
Published: June 2021

Chronic pain is a common case and become a serious problem. Chronic pain management are inconclusive.One of the common treatment option is NSAID. Treatment Failed are around 34-79% of total case. Thesetreatment failed suspected as NSAID resistance. Treatment failed can be caused by a some molecule thatmake NSAID loss of efficacy. Cdk5 is one of the molecule that active in chronic pain condition. Cdk5 canincrease transmembrane insertion and activate TRPV1. The aim of this research is analyzed the role of cdk5and TRPV1 in NSAID resistance of chronic pain rat. This research used 42 rats as a subject and dividedinto 6 groups with random allocation method and factorial design. Meloxicam treatment was given orallyevery day for 7 days after rats have a chronic pain (28 days). Chronic pain induction used a CFA injection.Results : cdk5 and TRPV1 expression at the dorsal root ganglia of chronic pain groups are increase, nosignificant different of pain threshold and inflammation sign between treatment and no treatment groupsafter chronic pain occurred. Conclusion : chronic pain can induce cdk5 and TRPV1 expression, and inducedby meloxicam treatment. Cdk5 and TRPV1 have a positive correlation with meloxicam resistance.
The Effect of Psych Education on Post Partum Depression in the Syech Yusuf Gowa Hospital, Indonesia
Authors: Mustari Nuraeni , Hariani  , Jaya Ningsih , K Baharuddin , Askar M.
Published: June 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of Psych education on the incidence of postpartum depression at Syech Yusuf Gowa Hospital.Method: This study was a quasi experimental with pre-post test design. The population in this study werepostpartum mothers hospitalized in the Syech Yusuf Gowa Hospital Indonesia during research conducted.The amounted 30 subjects participated were taken by simple random sampling. Data were analyzed bypaired sample t-test using SPSS for windows.Result: The results showed that there was significantly influence of the provision of Psych education on postpartum depression in Syech Yusuf Gowa Regional Hospital with p=0.002 based on statistical test results.Conclusion: Psych education should be followed up every day to see the mother’s progress in overcomingdepression.
The Role of Key Performance Indicators in Improving the Performance of Clinical Pharmacist in Hospitals
Authors: Himawan Noor Syam Sidiq , Wening Nur , Pudjaningsih Dwi , Herawati Lestari Wahyu
Published: June 2021

Key performance indicators are a way to improve performance, including in the hospital sector. In this study,the hospital used was private hospital, Central Java, especially in the field of Clinical Pharmacy services. Thisresearch is motivated by the low achievement of clinical pharmacy services. The purpose of this researchis to measure the performance of the clinical pharmacy service before and after the intervention with theapplication of clinical pharmacy Key Performance Indicators (cpKPI). This study is an observational studyby observing differences in the achievement of clinical pharmacist performance indicators before and afterthe implementation of cpKPIs. This studywas conducted using clinical pharmacist visit data for all inpatientsat the hospital in September 2019-February 2020. Data analysis used a paired t-test.The use of cpKPI wasable to significantly improve the performance of clinical pharmacists (p<0.05) related to drug reconciliationindicators, drug therapy services, pharmacist participation in patient management, patient education duringhospitalization, and comprehensive direct pharmacists’ care. The result proves that cpKPI can improve theperformance of clinical pharmacists at Private hospital so that this method can be used by other hospitals toimprove the performance of clinical pharmacy services.
Some Physiological Effect of Acacia Gum on Acute Renal Failure Induced by Gentamicin in Male Rabbits
Authors: AL-Mousawi Zainab A. H. , AL-rikabi Ahlam A. , AL-Hamed Hind A. A.
Published: June 2021

Renal failure a case characterized by the impairment of the kidney to filter waste products from the body.The study aims to evaluate the potential effect of Acacia gum in the prevention of induced Acute renalfailure in the rabbit model. Eighteen healthy male domestic rabbits (Lepus cuniculus) were divided intothree groups. Group 1: normal rabbits as control, Group 2: animals were injected (70mg/kg. B.W) ofintramuscular gentamicin daily for 14 days for induction of acute renal failure, Group 3: animals weretreated with intramuscular injection (70mg/kg B.W) gentamicin daily and offered 15% Acacia gum withdrinking water for 14 days. At the end of the experiment Serum urea, uric acid, creatinine, blood ureanitrogen, calcium, sodium, and malondialdehyde were measured in addition to Urine analysis. The resultsshowed that the treatment of Acacia gum improved significantly serum uric acid, creatinine, urea, bloodurea nitrogen, electrolyte, and proteinuria. Also reduced malonaldehyde, urine Specific gravity, and pHlevels. Our findings conclude that GA can protect the kidney by enhancing antioxidant efficiency, and maybe useful in improving acute renal failure.
An Observational Study of Intravenous Dexmedetomidine and Clonidine for Attenuating Haemodynamic Response to Laryngoscopy and Intubation in Patients Undergoing General Anaesthesia
Authors: Kishnani Priya , Shah Sanam , Desai Jayshri , Agrawal Anuja
Published: June 2021

Background: Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation alters cardiovascular physiology causinghypertension and tachycardia. Dexmedetomidine, an alpha 2 adrenergic receptor produces analgesiaby direct activation of descending inhibitory pain pathway and inhibiting the release of substance P.Clonidine a centrally acting alpha 2 adrenergic agonist decreases central sympathetic nervous system in allhyperadrenergic situations. Hence we compare haemodynamic effects between dexmedetomidine 0.5 mcg/kg and clonidine 1mcg/kg during after laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation for patients undergoing generalanaesthesia.Method: Patients were allocated randomly into 2 groups of 30 each. Group D received dexmedetomidine0.5mcg/kg diluted in 10ml NS and group C- clonidine 1 mcg/kg diluted in 10ml NS intravenously andhemodynamic parameters were observed. Dexmedetomidine/ Clonidine according to groups is givenintravenously with premedication. After 5 minutes patients were induced with 2.5% thiopentone 5-7 mg/kgand succinyl choline 2mg/kg and intubated with appropriate sized cuffed ETT. Anaesthesia was maintainedwith O2, N2O, isoflurane and vecuronium bromide 0.08mg/kg.Results: Haemodynamic changes after laryngoscopy and intubation were recorded at baseline, premedication,induction, intubation, 1, 3, 5,10 and 15 minutes. The initial fall in HR is more in Group C compared to GroupD but the difference was insignificant, but since intubation till 10min post intubation HR was significantly(p<0.05) supressed more in Group D. Similarly fall in SBP and DBP is significantly (p<0.05) more in GroupD compared to Group C.Conclusion: Dexmedetomedine 0.5 mcg/kg intravenously 15 minutes prior to laryngoscopy and intubationattenuates the sympathetic response better as compared to clonidine without major side effects.
Social Support from Family and Peers in Elderly as Effort in Improving the Psychological Well-being during Covid-19 Pandemicat Surabaya
Authors: Wiliyanarti Pipit Festi , Mundakir
Published: June 2021

Social support is important in improving the health of the elderly. The spread of Covid-19 can reduce thephysical and mental condition of the elderly. The purpose of this study was to analyze the social support offamily and fellow elderly in the elderly as an effort to improve their psychological well-being during theCovid-19 period.This research was a survey research, based on its character, it is an analytical description with a crosssectional design. The population is all elderly in Surabaya and Madura areas.The sample was 305 partlyelderly from 3 cities of Surabaya, Pamekasan, and Sumenep chosen through random sampling technique. Theindependent variable wassocial support, which is the social support from family and friends, while thedependent variable wasthe level of psychological well-being of the elderly. The research instrument indetermining thesocial support from family, the social support from peer and the level of psychological wellbeingwas questionnaire. Meanwhile, the data analysis was conducted by using logistic regression.The results of peer support obtained p = 0.127; Family support obtained p = 0.000;Rsquare was 0.080,indicating that the family social support affected the psychological well-being of the elderly. It is expectedthatthe elderly can improve their health during the Covid-19 pandemic by carrying out positive activities bothat home and in the community. Family support and health services for the elderly are needed in improvingthe psychological well-being of the elderly. Psychological well-being must always be improved so that thehealth of the elderly can be achieved and the elderly can pass through the pandemic well. This requiresgovernment participation and policies to make it happen.
Dermatosis in Patients with Hemiplegia and Paraplegia
Authors: Mohammed Osama , Turki Aied Mutob , Jasim Saad Jwad
Published: June 2021

Objectives: To analyze the significant occurance of dermatosis among patients with hemiplegia, paraplegiacompared with other patients attending dermatology department as a control group as outpatients orinpatients.Study design an open prospective case control study.Patients and Methods: This is an open , comparative controlled investigative study conducted in Dijlahhospital of rehablitaion , enrolled 43 hemiplegic patient, 21 paraplegic patient and 65 persons as a controlpatients, between Nov. 2018 –30th June 2019. The total numbers was 129 , 91(70.5%) male patients and38 (29.5%) female patients were . The data collection tools included designed closed and open-endedquestionnaire, by using direct interviewing, and physical examination by the researcher.Results: The most common diseases that statically significant difference were as follows : Unilateral xerosiswas found in hemiplegic group 5(11.6%) cases and this was significant (P=0.04) compared to control group. Bilateral xerosis was significant among paraplegic group : 6 (28.6%) compared to 4(6.2%) among controlgroup (P=0.04 ). Unilateral exogenous eczema was found in hemiplegic patients 5(11.6%) and this wassignificant (P = 0.04) related to control group. Seborrheic dermatitis was statistically significant in paraplegicgroup 6 (28.6%) compared to 7 (10.8%) of control group. Unilateral fungal infection (Taenia paedis) washighly significant among hemiplegic group 15(34.9%) compared to 4(6.2%) control group with P value= 0.05). Bilateral fungal infection was also highly significant for paraplegic group 13(61.9%) comparedto 2(3.1%) for control group with (P value = 0.05. Unilateral bacterial infection was statically significantamong hemiplegic group 10(23.3%) compared to 5(7.7%) for control group with (Pvalue = 0.05 ) Bilateralbacterial infection was highly significant among paraplegic group 8(38.1%) compared to control 4(6.2%)with (P value = 0.05 ) . compared with control group in fungal, bactrial and xerosis , while other dermatosisas eczema , seborrheic dermatitis , psoriasis, lichen planus and viral Infection not significantly differ.

Conclusion: Unilateral dermatosis significantly differs in patients with hemiplegia compared to controlgroup in fungal , bacterial and xerosis and exogenous eczema. Bilateral dermatosis significantly differsin patients with paraplegia compared to control Group in fungal, bacterial and xerosis and Seborrheicdermatitis. while other dermatosis as psoriasis , lichen planus and viral Infection not significantly differ.
Ecological Analysis of Diabetes Mellitusin Indonesia
Authors: Amarta Oskar Renagalih , Chalidyanto Djazuly , Laksono Agung Dwi
Published: June 2021

Diabetes mellitus is a dangerous disease and often causes complications. The study aims to analyzeecologically the factors related to the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in Indonesia. The study was designedwith an ecological analysis approach, using secondary data from the 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Surveycovering all provinces as samples. The dependent variable is the prevalence of diabetes mellitus. Theindependent variable is the prevalence of obesity nutritional status according to BMI in the adult population(aged >18 years), the proportion of less physical activity in the population aged >10years, the proportion ofsweet drink consumption habits in the population >3 years old more than once per day and the percentage ofpoor people. Data were analyzed using the scatter plot.The results showed that the higher the prevalence ofobesity nutritional status according to BMI in the adult population, the higher the proportion of less physicalactivity, and the higher the proportion of sweet drink consumption habits in the population more than onceper day, the higher the prevalence of diabetes mellitus. Conversely, the higher the percentage of poor people,the lower the prevalence of diabetes mellitus. The study concluded that the four independent variables testedtend to relate to the prevalence of diabetes mellitus.
Use of an Individualized Relaxation Technique Using Raga Darbari for Rehabilitation of Pediatric Spinal Cord Injury: A Case Report
Authors: Palaskar Pallavi Rameshwar , Sant Namrata
Published: June 2021

Introduction:- A 14 years old male child with spinal cord injury faced great difficulties during transitionand walking with HKFO and walker due to autonomic dysreflexia.Methods: - A child with thoracic D3-D9 spinal cord injury was included in the study .After dischargefrom hospital; he came to physiotherapy OPD regularly. He had achieved sitting with support by 9-10weeks, floor to bed transitions by 11-12 weeks, sit to stand with HKAFO with walker and parallel bar by 12weeks, walking with walker with HKFO (indoor) BY 13 weeks. During the transitions he was suffering fromraised blood pressures and palpitation and flushes. Fluctuation in vitals indicated episodes of autonomicdysreflexia. But day by day he was having less tolerance to therapy and he had started losing confidencein performing transitions and wheel chair rehabilitation, an individualized relaxation therapy Raga Darbariof Indian classical music in instrumental form of FLUTE to induce relaxation in him. Post physiotherapyand post transitions, child was given relaxation for 20-25 minutes and vitals were recorded pre and postrelaxation therapy on day 1 and after last session of 4 weeks of relaxation therapy.Results: - Post 4 weeks of relaxation therapy the child has more stable vital parameters after the transitions,gait training. Frequency of episodes of autonomic dysreflexia was also reduced.Conclusion:- An individualized relaxation therapy using Raga Darbari of Indian Classical music in theinstrumental form has given satisfactory results for autonomic dysreflexia
Classification Fertility Preference among Married Woman in East Java, Indonesia Using Naive Bayes Classification
Authors: Adelina Rhea Rahma , Indriani Diah , Kuntoro
Published: June 2021

Fertility preference have an important role in achieving birth rates. According to the most recent IndonesianDemography and Health Survey, 2017, total fertility rate in east java has reached target of 2.1 children butthe desired birth rate has increased from 2.0 to 2.1 children. This study examines classification of fertilitypreference in east java, Indonesia using Naïve Bayes. Data come from Indonesia Demography and HealthSurvey (IDHS) 2017, which limited on 2569 married woman in east java. The findings show married womanthat have opportunity to having child again which have secondary complete education, work but have beenout for less than 7 days, have middle wealth index, stay in rural, have age between 25 – 34 old, have moreboys than girl and not using contraception.
Comparative Study between Closed and Open Drain after Emergency Laparotomy
Authors: Hussein Rabah Ali , Azzawi Jameel I. , Hussein Basim Ghaib
Published: June 2021

Background: Drain routinely used after laparotomy to drain any intraperitoneal collections, and to drain thefluid or blood in abdomen after operations.Methods: prospective study for acute abdomen patients undergoing laparotomy in Department of Generalsurgery. Samarra General Hospital for open and closed drain.Result: In our study 30 case of emergency operations with open drain and 30 case of closed drain are placedand comared.Conclusions: The incidence of infection, pain, hospital stay, post-operative morbidity not obviously
The Effect of Antioxidantson Electrolytes in Vancomycin- Streptozotocin InducedDiabetes Kidney Disease inRabbits.
Authors: Tuama Raghda , Shari Falah , Ramadhan Usama
Published: June 2021

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that is characterized by relative or absolute insulin deficiency,diabetic kidney disease (DKD) seems to be one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus.Diabetic kidney disease was known as diabetic nephropathy (DN) and is the single strongest predictor ofmortality in patients with diabetes. Forty male and female rabbits weighing 1000-1300 mg were dividedrandomly into five groups. Diabetes mellitus was induced in the overnight fasted rabbits by a single IPinjection ofStreptozotocin in dose of 50 mg/kg. Then animals were started of antioxidant treatment, bloodsampling were taken each 2 weak, the laboratory analysis which includes blood sugar, and serum electrolytes(potassium, sodium, and chloride).The various antioxidants were used in different combination in treated 1group (quercetin15 mg/kg and L-carnitine15 mg/kg) and treated 2 group (quercetin15 mg/kg, L-carnitine15mg/kg, Thioctic acid 20mg/kg, Vitamin C 15mg/kg) orally.There was a non-significant decrease in serumglucose level in treated 1 group andtreated 2 group (which treated with different combination of antioxidants)compared with diabetic control group and significant increase in serum (potassium, and chloride) but nonsignificantincrease in serum sodium in treated groups compared with diabetic control group.The role ofantioxidants as adjuvant therapy to decrease and prevent diabetic kidney disease through the scavengingeffect to reactive oxygen species produced by diabetic kidney tissues.
Identification of Some Etiological Organisms Causing LRTI in Children Admitted to Central Child Teaching Hospital
Authors: Abdulraheem Rasha Sulaiman , Hiris Layla Qasim
Published: June 2021

Background: Childhood pneumonia is an important cause of morbidity in the developed world and morbidityand mortality in the developing world. One of the challenges in planning the treatment of respiratory tractinfection in children is identifying the causative agent. The Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) presentsboth a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to clinicians.Aims of the Study: To obtain the epidemiological profile, identify some etiological factors , assess theclinical presentations, x-ray findings and laboratory investigations of children with lower respiratory tractinfection at Child’s Central Teaching Hospital in Baghdad.Patients and Method: A total of 86 children were included in the study. we investigate the etiology of acutelower respiratory tract infection in children under two years admitted to central child teaching hospital fora period of three months in winter. Antibodies of RSV and Chlamydia Pneumonitis were detected usingELISA.Results: Whereas 38 of the children (44%) were diagnosed with pneumonia caused by Chlamydiapneumonitis. RSV was detected in 14 (16%) and 30 (35%) had combined infection .Age of most of thepatients was between one and six months with male predominance. CRP was negative(79%) in the majorityof our patients ,only 3 patients had lower positive titers. WBC differential count show predominance oflymophocytosis (58%) ,which is compatible with viral and atypical lower respiratory tract infection .Conclusion: The identification of the cause of ARI remains challenging, due either to inadequate samplesthat may lead to false negative results, or to difficult interpretation of positive findings between infectionand colonization. In our study the highest rate of acute lower respiratory tract infection was between age ofone and six months with predominance of male sex. Chlamydia microorganism was found in 44% of suchpatients with lower respiratory tract infection. Further studies are needed to identify other possible agents ofARI (e.g., influenza, adenoviruses, other bacterial infections) in this population and to better understand thecausal role of atypical bacteria detected in respiratory samples.
Immune Response to Burn Injury: Hyperinflammation and Immunosuppression
Authors: Septin Mauludiyana  , Aryati  , Yoes Prijatna Dachlan  , Iswinarno Doso Saputro  , Muhaimin Rifa’i
Published: June 2021

Burn is an injury to the skin or other tissue. Mostly, it caused by contacting with hot liquids, solids, and flames. The important thing that should be consider in burn incident is the severity of burn and it based on the depth and area of the burn injury. The severity of burns will cause differences of pathophysiological responses. This was a literature review study. Various articles were collected from online database including reports, journals, and published in the last 10 years. The articles were from the scholar journals. The systemic inflammatory response in severe level of burns was not given good response to disappear of lesion burn and initiating tissue repair. Moreover, it was given an organ failure to the patient. The body responded to this incident by releasing antiinflammatory mediators. This response is very strong and prolonged, so it caused immunosuppression and increase the risk of secondary infection to the patients. Burns affects the patient’s immune system. The ratio between pro and antiinflammatory mediators are determining the patient’s subsequent status.
Effectiveness of Guided Imagery Technique in Reduction of Stress Level among Chronic Renal Failure Patients
Authors: Sateesh Biradar  , Ashwini Patil
Published: June 2021

Background: A quasi experimental study to evaluate the effectiveness of guided imagery technique inreduction of stress level among chronic renal failure patients. The aim of the study wasto determine thestress level among patients with chronic renal failure in experimental group after introduction of guidedimagery. Methods and Material: A true experimental two-group pre-test - post-test design was used for thepresent study. The sample consisted of 100 chronic renal failure patients undergoing dialysis were randomlyassigned to experimental group and control group (N=50+50=100). Data was analysed using paired andunpaired‘t’ test, chi-square test, Karl Pearson correlation co-efficiency, and Spearman’s correlation coefficiency. Results: In experimental Group 62% of the samples had moderate level of stress, 20% of thesamples had severe level of stress and 18% of the samples had mild level of stress with mean and SD of64.02, 5.88. There was a significant reduction in the mean post test stress score of experimental groupcompared to mean pre test stress score of experimental group at 0.05 level of significance. (t49 = 6.526, P< 0.05). The results showed that chronic renal failure patients had significant level of stress related to theirillness and guided imagery is an effective intervention for reduction of stress. Conclusion: Guided imageryis a simple non-invasive, cost effective, method that can be used for reduction of stress without any adverseeffects on the patients. Patients themselves can practice their own imagery without any assistance.