bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LAS CLÁUSULAS DE VENCIMIENTO ANTICIPADO POR IMPAGO DE CUOTAS EN LOS CONTRATOS DE PRÉSTAMO HIPOTECARIO CON CONSUMIDORES A LA LUZ DE LA STS DE 11 DE SEPTIEMBRE DE 2019
Authors: Dubert Trillo Antonio
Published: February 2021

El presente trabajo pretende analizar la abusividad de las cláusulas de vencimiento anticipado (en adelante, v.a.) por incumplimiento del pago de cuotas en los contratos de préstamo hipotecario con consumidores, así como las consecuencias, en su caso, de su declaración de nulidad. En concreto, su objetivo central reside en determinar las condiciones en las que esta cláusula puede ser abusiva, así como si el juez, ante una declaración de nulidad de la cláusula, debe sobreseer el asunto o puede sustituirla por una disposición legal de carácter nacional con el fin de proseguir con la ejecución hipotecaria. Es esta una cuestión muy polémica que ha generado un gran debate en el seno de nuestra jurisprudencia y doctrina científica. Fruto de este debate han sido múltiples los pronunciamientos judiciales, tanto del TJUE como del TS español, que han tratado de solucionar un problema con enormes consecuencias para nuestra sociedad.
Crónica II CONGRESO INTERNACIONAL DERECHO BANCARIO EUROPEO. LA BANCA PÚBLICA DE INVERSIÓN
Authors: Andrés Segovia Belén
Published: February 2021

Comentario sobre el desarrollo del Congreso Internacional Derecho bancario europeo. La banca pública de inversión, celebrado los días 22 y 23 de octubre de 2020, en la NAU Gran València y dirigido magistralmente por el Dr. D. Juan Antonio Ureña Salcedo.
Improving the technical training of athletes in the transition to pankration from another sport
Authors: Starikov V. , Holovach I. , Rybak I. , Buhaiov M.
Published: February 2021

Purpose: to develop a methodology for improving the technical preparedness of athletes during the transition to pankration from another sport. Materials and methods. The following generally accepted methods were used in the work: analysis of scientific and methodological literature and Internet sources, surveys of qualified specialists - trainers in pankration. Results: based on the analysis of scientific and methodological literature and Internet sources, it was found that pankration includes the technique of various types of martial arts (boxing, kickboxing, Thai boxing, freestyle wrestling, sambo, judo), equally combining wrestling and percussion techniques. Today in our country there is a low level of scientific and methodological support of the training process for modern pankration, while the growing popularity of this sport requires further improvement of methods of training. At the same time, today, as a rule, qualified and highly qualified athletes in pankration are formed from athletes who have moved from another type of martial arts and had different levels of training. With the help of a survey of qualified specialists - coaches, the aspects of the preparation of athletes of other sports during the transition to pankration were revealed. The main features in the preparation of athletes of other sports during the transition to pankration are highlighted: the implementation of protective actions to other sports; performing attacking actions, which allows you to get an early victory in a duel; performing counterattacking actions while performing attacking actions in other sports. Conclusions. Pankration includes techniques of various types of combat sports (boxing, kickboxing, Thai boxing, freestyle wrestling, sambo, judo), equally combining wrestling and impact sports techniques. The developed methods provided for the implementation of exercises of various technical orientation (impact sports and wrestling) in two blocks of exercises. The main means of our methodology for athletes with basic sports, wrestling, were: stances, movements, strikes, running exercises, flexibility exercises and breathing exercises. For athletes whose basic sport was shock, the following exercises were proposed: wrestling stance, movements, throws, sweeps, holds, wrestling in the clinch, wrestling on the ground, passes to the legs, painful holds, suffocation. Keywords: pankration, methods, technique, improvement, various types of martial arts
Close species of rodent superfamily Muroidei in the fauna of Ukraine: taxonomy, biogeography, diagnostics, and ecomorphology
Authors:   National Museum of Natural History NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine), Zagorodniuk Igor
Published: February 2021

The results of the revision of the species composition and related knowledge of taxonomy, biogeography, diagnostics, variability and ecomorphology of polytypic groups of murine rodents, superfamily Muroidei, are presented. These are 5 former "large" species: "wood mice", "common mice", water voles, "shrub voles" and "common voles". Each of these groups is represented in the fauna of Ukraine and neighboring countries by 2–3 species. The two most difficult for revision and for background monitoring of fauna are "forest mice" and "common voles", each of which is represented in the fauna of the region by three morphologically very similar species of different kinship, among which one (the most genetically distant) is widely sympatric to the other two species that are allospecies. Among "forest mice", such species are Sylvaemus uralensis (= microps) against the pair S. sylvaticus + S. witherbyi (= S. falzfeini), and among the "common voles" it is Microtus levis (= rossiaemeridionalis) against the pair M. arvalis + M. obscurus. The other three pairs of species are generally more diverged (at least in terms of habitats and ecology, and in some cases morphology) and clearly less sympatric species. In the group of "common" mice, Mus "musculus" (s.l.), there is a pair of synanthropic and exanthropic forms — M. musculus and M. spicilegus (= M. sergii), which usually do not interact in nature, and therefore poorly diverged in morphology. In the group of "water voles" there is an allopatric pair, represented by the Carpathian-Roztochchian (essentially mountainous, associated with meadows) as well as plain hydrophilic forms, Arvicola scherman and A. amphibius (= A. terrestris). In the group of "shrub voles" there is a sympatric pair of species, one of them has limited distribution in the Carpathians (Terricola tatricus), but the other (T. subterraneus), being sympatric to the first in the Carpathians, also forms numbered populations in lowland forests, as in the forest zone as in the bairak steppe zone. Morphological differentiation between them is generally high, but the Eastern Carpathian form of Terricola tatricus is the smallest in a row of mountain forms of Terricola (multiplex, tatricus, zykovi), which was the reason for its long-term non-recognition in the fauna of Ukraine. For all species, descriptions are presented, including 5 standard parts for this series of publications: general remarks, taxonomy (including nomenclature), distribution (including biotopes), diagnostics (including variability), ecomorphology.Key words: small mammals, habitats, dominance, abundance of species.
Resiko Hukum Konsumen Efek Beragun Aset Ditinjau Dari Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen Di Indonesia
Authors: Hadittya Andi Faizkha , Yasir M , Rahmatullah Indra
Published: February 2021

This research aims to find out any possible risks from an asset backed securities contract, as well as law enforcement carried out by authorities to guaranteed costumer’s protection in the said contract. This research uses qualitative research using regulatory approach. In research data sources come from primary legal materials or field data. The data collection method used in this research are law research and literature studies. The result of this research is there are some possible risks that’s exposed to people involved in this asset backed securities contract as costumer, such as risk of default and early call, which can possibly inflict a financial loss to costumer side, and also finding a loophole that’s still haven’t been taken care off by the regulations regarding this asset backed securities contract.
Gondolatok a digitális technológián alapuló társadalom tizenegy változási tendenciájáról
Authors: Pokol Béla
Published: February 2021

Összefoglalás. „A mesterséges intelligencia társadalma” című könyvem, és
ebből Kevin Kelly, amerikai teoretikus 2016-os összegzését foglalom itt röviden
össze, mely a kialakult társadalmi állapotaink főbb változásait mutatja be a gépi
értelem mindennapjainkra való szétterjedésének menetében. Kelly könyve tizenegy
változási tendenciát elemez, melyek már bő harminc éve elkezdődtek a személyi
számítógépek tömeges elterjedésével, de különösen a következő harminc évben hozzák
létre a mesterséges intelligencia társadalmát.
Financial Monitoring in the Budget Sphere: Essence and Directions of Improvement
Authors: Belova Svetlana
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the development of financial monitoring in the public sector. The purpose of this work is to study the essence of the concept of financial monitoring in the budget sphere, and to propose measures to improve it. To achieve this goal, the author reveals the methodological support of financial management in the budget sphere through the study of financial indicators used by public sector organizations in the organization of accounting and budget reporting taking into account the stages of the budget process and the most common budget risks. The concept of “financial monitoring” is considered in various aspects, and the author’s concept of financial monitoring in the budget sphere in broad and narrow senses is given. Due to the lack of a legal definition of financial monitoring in the budget sphere and the lack of scientific approaches, an attempt is made to study the issues of its essence as a scientific category. Based on the analysis of financial monitoring in the budget sphere for 2019 (on the example of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia), the directions for improving the studied sphere are proposed with their systematization by stages of the budget process taking into account the risk-oriented approach. The article considers the contents of the financial monitoring in the public sector expressed in the observation, analysis and evaluation, timely response to ongoing subjects of financial monitoring activity in terms of the execution of budget authority, including: income forming (administration), distribution (redistribution) and use of financial, material and other public resources; assessment of the effectiveness of management decisions being made and have already been made regarding financial management, completeness, reliability and timeliness of accounting and budget reporting; prevention of violations in the budget sphere. The most important goals of financial monitoring in the budget sphere are emphasized: continuous systematic monitoring of the implementation of decisions on the administration of revenues and execution of budget expenditures, timely correction of existing problems in financial management in the budget sphere and development of proposals for their optimization within a single socio-economic system by applying a risk-based approach. The research shows that an effective system of financial monitoring in the budget sphere as one of the types of financial control is a guarantee of increasing the efficiency of budget revenue generation, use (distribution and / or redistribution) of public finances, ensuring transparency of the budget process at all stages of its implementation, as well as preventing corruption and other abuses in the budget sphere. The results of the research can be used by specialists in the field of financial management in the budget sphere in practical activities, as well as in the educational activities of higher education institutions – in the theoretical part.
Problems and Potential of Industrial Modernization in Tambov Region
Authors: Sutyagin Vladislav , Radyukova Yana
Published: February 2021

The sanctions standoff, the growing global crisis, and the pandemic have exacerbated issues of supporting regional economy. The chronic subsidized nature of Tambov region’s economy requires the development of a system of measures to modernize the region’s industrial potential. The present study is based on data from Rosstat, Tambovstat, Economic Policy Department of Tambov region. The study analyzes the dynamics and structure of industrial production; assesses the strategic position of the industrial potential of Tambov region; identifies the main constraints to the development of the region’s economy. In addition, recommendations are given to accelerate the development of industry in Tambov region. The results of the study can be used for further theoretical research on the development of the industrial potential of the region. The practical aspect of the study is that it is possible to adjust industrial modernization programs in Tambov region based on the results of this study. The results of the study revealed that the acceleration of modernizing the industrial potential of Tambov region requires a solution to several problems, such as eliminating administrative barriers; increasing resource efficiency by reducing energy, resource intensity of production and productivity growth; strengthening the role of the innovation factor in the development of industrial production; expansion of the potential growth industries of the manufacturing sector; deepening the processes of modernization and diversification of industry.
Non-Profit Organizations in Volgograd Region: Modern Realities and Ways of Development
Authors: Dmitriev Alexey
Published: February 2021

The article discusses approaches to the definition of the concept of “civil society” presented in various encyclopedic sources, and also analyzes the state of the non-profit sector of economy postulated as a conductor of civil society institutions in the social environment on the example of the Volgograd region. The relevance of the research is determined by the significance of the role played by non-profit organizations in the formation and development of the social environment of the region. In the context of the need to consolidate the creative efforts of both individual citizens and social groups, the development of the non-profit sector of economy becomes an objective necessity. The purpose of the work is to consider the essence of the category “civil society”, as well as to apply the results to the study of the state of civil society institutions in Volgograd region. The research methodology includes structural and statistical analysis. The empirical base of the analysis is provided by official statistics for the period 2014–2020. The results of the study suggest that the planned development of the non-profit sector of regional economy requires the construction of an autonomous system of financing, in which budget funds will no longer play a key role in the formation of financial resources of its subjects.
Grieving While Dissertating
Authors: Galliah Shelly
Published: February 2021

Through the experience of her mother's death, this personal essay examines the difficulty of academics, particularly graduate students, making time for grief while turning a critical eye on the workaholic culture and the normalization of depression in academia.
Archives and the Labor of Building Feminist Theory: An Interview with Sharon Davenport
Authors: Kannan Vani
Published: February 2021

This article traces the labor of archiving the papers of the Third World Women’s Alliance (TWWA)--a multiracial women’s organization that grew out of the Civil Rights/Black Power movements and maintained active chapters in NYC and the Bay Area during the 1970s. By focusing on the labor of archiving, I take a lead from the methodologies of social-movement scholars in rhetoric and writing who orient to the behind-the-scenes labor of organizing, and the everyday textual labor of building movements and preserving movement histories (Leon; Monberg). My embodied experiences as a cross-disciplinary teacher/scholar of rhetoric and composition and women’s and gender studies, and organizer who prioritizes behind-the-scenes, feminized labor like internal document preparation and childcare—orient me to the labor that scaffolds more public-facing work like publishing theory and speaking publicly. Drawing on an interview with Sharon Davenport, who processed the TWWA’s archives, this article situates archiving as indispensable, feminized, and often-invisible labor that builds the context for feminist writing, theorizing, and teaching in institutions of higher education.
The experience of Colombian boys and young men living with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Palacios-Espinosa Ximena , Mateus Heidi , Dávalos Martha , Gracia Jennifer , Bastidas-Bilbao Hamer
Published: February 2021

Abstract Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a chronic disease that primarily affects males and is characterized by progressive physical impairment and, eventually, death. This qualitative study aimed to explore and understand the experience of diagnosis and disease in young people with DMD living in Bogotá, Colombia. After securing approval from the Research Ethics Committee (CEI-ABN026-000311), nine individuals took part of a semi-structured interview, and their narratives were analyzed using thematic analysis. The main topics developed throughout the narratives were: negative representation of the disease; fear; difficulty expressing emotions; the patient-doctor relationship; the wheelchair; the caregivers and coping strategies. We conclude that young people affected by DMD face several challenging experiences that underscore the need for better, more respectful, and compassionate interactions with healthcare providers. Also, their experiences are indicative of a socio-cultural context that needs to become more responsive and compassionate towards young people and disability.
Actions developed at the Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira to confront the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Campos Tereza , Suassuna Afra , Nóbrega Ítala , Almeida Jéssica Cavalcanti de , Oliveira Madalena , Mello Maria Júlia Gonçalves de , Ferraz Suzana , Mota Suzana , Pereira Gisele , Scavuzzi Adriana
Published: February 2021

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has brought countless challenges to the health institutions around the world, especially those located in countries such as Brazil, with large territorial dimensions and many social and economic differences. This technical report aims to publish the actions carried out and the products developed at the Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP) before and during the pandemic - from January 31st to September 4th, 2020 - facing it efficiently and effectively, seeking institutional sustainability. The mobilization of the professional staff at the institution was fundamental to create protocols ofas-sistance, adapt the physical structures in the hospital and outpatient care, care for the health professionals, offer teaching and research activities in the distance mode, articulate management members to make decisions based on systematically collected data on the pandemic situationat real time. All actions were carried out with a single objective of assisting all the patients affected by COVID-19 admitted at the institution.
Hospital admission flow and nutritional support in a cohort of pediatric patients with COVID-19
Authors: Queiroz Aline Pereira , Santos Caroline dos , Reis Greice Milena Sant'Ana , Matos Paulo Sergio Carvalho , Santos Rogério dos Santos e , Silva Tamires de Jesus
Published: February 2021

Abstract In view of the current panorama of hospital nutritional care, it is necessary to review nutritional care practices in hospital units, in order to ensure nutritional monitoring and quality of care. Therefore, it is necessary to build flows of nutritional assistance practices at the pediatric hospital level, based on the recommendations of the Federal Council of Nutritionists and the Brazilian Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, aiming at not generating a deficit in the nutritional monitoring of the patient and in reducing the risk of contamination of the professional. When individual protection equipment is available, nutritional admission will be made in person and during hospitalization, monitoring can be performed using secondary data from electronic medical records and / or telecommunication with the multidisciplinary team. The implementation of nutritional routines in hospitals in times of Covid-19 pandemic generates more assertive conducts for the prevention and treatment of malnutrition and other nutritional implications, also guaranteeing the safety of professionals in assistance in pediatric units..
Medical students in the COVID-19 pandemic response in Brazil: ethical reflections
Authors: Freitas Cleide Aparecida de , Arruda Gustavo Freitas Alves de , Arruda Giovanna Cecília Freitas Alves de , Feitosa Saulo Ferreira
Published: February 2021

Abstract: Introduction: In times of pandemics, the uncertainties and lack of evidence allow each country to conduct its response as it deems the most appropriate. This setting also facilitates the approval of public measures without adequate ethical analysis, due to its inherent urgency. With that said, the objective of this study is to promote a hermeneutical approach to the Brazilian Government proposals of including medical students in the fight against COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) pandemic through an ethical perspective. Development: The governmental resolutions, published in the Brazilian Official Gazette, were discussed in the light of the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights (UDBHR) and the Brazilian Medical Student Code of Ethics (CEEM), as the first one guides the debate through a pluralist, multi-, inter- and transdisciplinary bioethics, and the latter brings specified guidance to the studied population group. To better articulate the discussion, the main measures were subdivided into 3 sections: about the risk assessment; about the participation of 5th- and 6th-year students; about the early graduation. In the first one, the creation of participation alternatives has been proposed, including remote participation, without direct contact with patients, aiming to ensure the students’ integrity and to maximize the potential positive effects with minimum harm. After that, the predicted obligatory enrollment for undergraduate students attending the final years of medical school and the possibility of obtaining credit hours for the curricular internship in exchange for participation in the strategic action “O Brasil Conta Comigo” were assessed. Finally, the graduation anticipation and the need for a guarantee that the new graduates have the required knowledge and expertise for the medical profession were questioned. Conclusions: For an effective response against the disease, it’s necessary to collectively structure the adopted measures, benefiting from the capabilities that the students already have, while respecting their limitations, vulnerabilities, and freedoms. It should also be emphasized that any ethical decisions in the context of Medicine and of future generations of professionals can have immeasurable consequences for these individuals, their patients, and communities and thus, one must ensure that the benefits will be the best and greatest possible.
A dimensão da formação no Programa Mais Médicos: hiato entre propostas e implementação
Authors: Rocha Erika Maria Sampaio , Sarti Thiago Dias , Azevedo George Dantas de , Filippon Jonathan , Siqueira Carlos Eduardo Gomes , Andrade Maria Angélica Carvalho
Published: February 2021

Abstract: Introduction: The scarcity and inequalities in the geographical distribution of physicians challenge the consolidation of the right to health and create migratory flows that increase health inequities. Due to their complex and multidimensional characteristics, they demand multisectoral political approaches, considering several factors related to the availability and area of practice of medical doctors, as well as the social vulnerability of local populations. Objective: This study aimed at analysing results of the “Mais Médicos” (More Doctors) Program Educational Axis in Brazil. Methodology: A documental research was conducted, highlighting the location and the public or private nature of new undergraduate medical school vacancies between the years 2013 until 2017, which were then compared to the goals and strategies outlined in the official Program documents. Results: The Educational Axis reached important milestones despite the resistance of some institutional actors. The Program extended its undergraduate vacancies by 7696 places, 22.48% of that in public institutions and 77.52% in private ones. Vacancy distribution prioritized cities in rural areas of Brazil, at the same instance bringing forward significant regulatory changes for undergraduate medical courses. However, political disputes with representatives of medical societies and stakeholders interested in favouring the private educational and healthcare sectors surface in the official discourses and documents. These factors weakened the program normative body, creating a hiatus between its core objectives and respective implementation. Evidence related to the concentration of vacancies in the Southeast regions allow the maintenance of a known unequal workforce distribution, despite a proportionally bigger increase in the Midwest, North and Northeast regions. Conclusion: The predominance of vacancies in private institutions and the weakening of the new undergraduate courses monitoring instruments can compromise changes in the graduate students’ profiles, which are necessary for the fixation of physicians in strategic geographic areas to promote Primary Healthcare.
Condições de Saúde bucal e acuidade visual dos estudantes em um município do Baixo Amazonas
Authors: Regis-Aranha Lauramaris de Arruda , Meneghim Marcelo de Castro , Maklouf Ângelo Esmael da Silva , Aranha Guilherme Regis , Pinto Adriana Beatriz Silveira , Passos Shirley Maria de Araújo , Monteiro Ângela Xavier
Published: February 2021

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a prevalência da cárie dentária e da deficiência visual nos escolares do ensino fundamental da rede pública de ensino de Barreirinha-AM e verificar os fatores associados a estas condições. Método Estudo transversal, com 1.828 estudantes entre 06 e 17 anos, da rede pública de ensino, Barreirinha. A avaliação da cárie dentária seguiu as recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde utilizando os critérios estabelecidos para as condições dentárias, tanto para dentes decíduos, quanto para permanentes: cariados, perdidos e obturados. O índice Significant Caries Index mediu a severidade da cárie dentária nos indivíduos mais afetados com a doença. Realizou-se avaliação para acuidade visual e analisou-se idade, sexo e escola. Resultados Evidenciou-se elevada prevalência de cárie dentária, desigualdade em sua distribuição e associação entre esta doença e sexo (p = 0,005). A prevalência de dificuldades visuais entre os escolares foi baixa. Conclusão e implicações para prática O estudo sugere carência de tratamento odontológico restaurador e elevada prevalência de cárie dentária, evidenciando a necessidade de planejamento e desenvolvimento de ações de promoção de saúde bucal, com o intuito de minimizar os agravos provocados pela doença.
Fatores influenciadores da divulgação de informação e do acesso à informação dos municípios
Authors: TEJEDO-ROMERO Francisca , ARAUJO Joaquim Filipe Ferraz Esteves
Published: February 2021

Resumo A transparência e o acesso à informação são importantes para o escrutínio público, a participação e a responsabilidade, contribuindo para a confiança dos cidadãos no governo. Para aumentar o acesso à informação pública, os governos locais têm recorrido à transparência ativa através da divulgação de informação pública nos seus websites, com acesso livre e aberto. Este estudo analisa a influência de fatores socioeconômicos e políticos na gestão das políticas públicas de transparência ativa nos municípios portugueses. O estudo utiliza a metodologia de dados de painel, que ainda não foi empregada para examinar a transparência municipal ativa em Portugal, testando empiricamente os fatores que impactam a divulgação da informação pública, valendo-se do índice de transparência como um proxy. Foram encontradas evidências empíricas em relação aos fatores políticos e socioeconômicos que influenciaram o nível de transparência municipal. Uma vez que os estudos sobre o caso português são escassos, esta pesquisa contribui para a compreensão das respostas dos municípios às pressões da sociedade por mais transparência.
New water mite species of the genus Kongsbergia (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Aturidae) from Turkey
Authors: Gülle Pınar , Boyacı Yunus Ömer
Published: February 2021

In this study, there is a description of a new species, Kongsbergia ermani sp. n. and Kongsbergia largaiollii (Maglio, 1909) representing a new Kongsbergia record for the fauna of Turkey.
New faunistic and taxonomic notes on the Haplogyne and Cribellate spiders (Araneae: Dictynidae, Dysderidae, Eresidae, Filistatidae, Sicariidae) from three Balkan countries
Authors: Naumova Maria , Deltshev Christo
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we report for the first time two spider species for Albania, four for Bulgaria and two for Greece: Altella lucida (Simon, 1874) (Bulgaria), Eresus moravicus Rezác, 2008 (Bulgaria and Greece), Filistata insidiatrix (Forsskål, 1775) (Albania), Harpactea samuili Lazarov, 2006 (Greece), Loxosceles rufescens (Dufour, 1820) (Albania), Pritha parva Legittimo, Simeon, Di Pompeo et Kulczycki, 2017 (Bulgaria) and Pritha vestita (Simon, 1873) (Bulgaria). The recently described species P. parva is the first report for the Balkan Peninsula, while P. vestita is the first record for mainland Europe. Their congener Pritha nana (Simon, 1868) is removed from the Bulgarian checklist of spiders (misidentification). As a result of our report, the number of spider species increases to 571, 1049 and 1183 in Albania, Bulgaria and Greece, respectively.
The The Isokinetic Rugby Union Physical Work Evaluation (RUPWE) protocol: Can Rugby Union Players meet the physical work demands of the game?
Authors: Naidoo Rowena , Doran Jean
Published: February 2021

Background: To protect the lumbar spine from excessive forces, rugby union players need to demonstrate the work ability of the trunk extensors and flexors to meet the physical demands.

Aim: To measure and evaluate whether rugby union players were able to meet the imposed physical work demand, considering limitations, tolerances and resistance to fatigue, using isokinetic dynamometry for trunk extensors (TE) and trunk flexors (TF).

Methods: Fifty-five male players, between the ages of 18 and 23 years, participated in the study. All participants completed a PAR-Q (pre-activity risk) questionnaire before the isokinetic testing. Their height was between 1.80 ± 0.67 m and body mass was 86.0 ± 17.5 kg. Participants were subjected to a newly designed protocol using the Biodex Isokinetic System 3 Dynamometer, called the Rugby Union Physical Work Evaluation (RUPWE).

Results: There was a significant difference between the forwards’ trunk extensor peak torque to body weight 488% ± 119% and the trunk flexor peak torque to body weight 289% ± 73%. Furthermore, there was a large effect size between trunk extensor and trunk flexor muscle performance for the forwards (d =2.0) and backs (d =1.9) for peak torque to body weight. Spearman’s rank-order correlations (rs) showed a moderate negative correlation for the forwards between trunk extensor peak torque to body weight and time to peak torque, (rs = -0.4; p=0.018). There is a strong negative correlation for the backs between trunk extensor peak torque to body weight and time to peak torque, (rs = -0.6; p=0.003).

Conclusion: The physical work evaluation protocol can be used as a screening tool for rugby players as it measures the extensive mechanical load placed on the lumbar region. This has the potential to evaluate their athletic performance for the demands of tackling and scrumming.
Инкубация в решении творческих задач: гипотезы и перспективы исследований
Authors: Лаптева Н.М.
Published: February 2021

Настоящая работа посвящена одному из важнейших феноменов в психологии творчества — феномену инкубации при решении задач. Инкубацией исследователи называют перерыв в решении задачи, который способствует нахождению ответа, несмотря на отсутствие его сознательного поиска. Статья представляет собой обзор теоретических подходов к объяснению инкубации и экспериментальных работ, освещающих с разных сторон когнитивные механизмы данного явления. В ней анализируются основные гипотезы о когнитивных механизмах периода инкубации, такие как гипотеза селективного забывания, гипотеза бессознательной работы, гипотеза внешних ключей, гипотеза ухода внимания, и их экспериментальные свидетельства. Обзор содержит основные результаты метааналитических работ, в которых были обнаружены доказательства существования рассматриваемого феномена, а также подробно рассмотрены факторы, влияющие на величину эффекта инкубации, такие как тип основной и инкубационной задачи, длительность подготовительного и инкубационного этапа. Особое внимание уделено описанию современных нейрокогнитивных исследований творческого мышления. Эти работы направлены на детальное изучение тех систем мозга, которые задействованы во время инкубационного перерыва, что открывает новые возможности для более глубокого изучения процессов, происходящих во время инкубационного перерыва. Например, в некоторых из этих работ было обнаружено увеличение активности дефолт системы мозга, а также уменьшение активности системы исполнительного внимания. В заключении сделан вывод о текущем состоянии исследований в этой области, а также предложены наиболее перспективные направления для будущих работ, в которых еще предстоит найти ответы на спорные вопросы.
From “Hmmm…” to “Aha!”: Emotional Monitoring of Representational Change
Authors: Владимиров И.Ю. , Макаров И.Н.
Published: February 2021

There are two common approaches to researching insight: the study of the emotional response to a solution (Aha! experience) and the study of the restructuring of representations. The relationship between them can be found by comparing functions they perform relative to each other. For the experimental investigation of insight, problems that are typically being used can be solved within a little amount of time and are highly similar in their structure. We believe that such laboratory designs of the tasks often lead to researchers missing out on the moments of impasse and initial restructuring of the search space. In the current study, using the method of multimodal corpora constructed from individual solutions, we gained partial confirmation of the key statements of the model of emotional regulation of the representational change. According to the model, an insight solution process is accompanied by emotions regulating the process of representational change. A feeling of impasse is a response to the lack of progress towards the solution. An Aha! experience appears in response to solvers performing actions that bring them a huge step closer to the solution of a problem. We believe that these emotional responses are experienced before the solution reaches consciousness and they motivate the solver to adapt their search space accordingly. The model we propose is a development of the ideas of Ya.A. Ponomarev on the role of emotions in regulating of insight problem solving andmodel of M. Ollinger and colleagues describing the phases of insight problem solving.
Психосемантический анализ художественного фильма Акиры Куросавы «Расёмон»
Authors: Петренко В.Ф. , Супрун А.П. , Кодирова Ш.А.
Published: February 2021

Настоящая статья посвящена психосемантическому анализу художественного фильма «Расёмон» японского режиссера Акиры Куросавы, снятого по мотивам рассказов «В чаще» и «Ворота Расёмон» Рюноскэ Акутагавы. Научные идеи в различных формах часто вызревают на уровне коллективного и индивидуального бессознательного. Так, создатель теории относительности Альберт Эйнштейн отмечал, что креативным аналогом теории относительности для него стал роман Ф.М. Достоевского «Братья Карамазовы». Согласно понятию «полифонизм», введенному М.М. Бахтиным, голоса персонажей Достоевского выступают как самостоятельные системы отсчета, несущие свою правду жизни. Аналогично в теории А. Эйнштейна параметры наблюдаемого объекта зависят от позиции наблюдателя и нет какого-то «правильного» описания» вне этой позиции. Н. Бор считал, что как исследуемому явлению, так и его наблюдателю нельзя приписать самостоятельную физическую реальность. В эвереттовской (многомировой) трактовке квантовой механики вводится понятие соотнесенного состояния («relative state»), возникающего при наблюдении квантовой системы. Х. Эверетт считал, что результатом ее наблюдения является не «мистическая» редукция всех возможностей к единственной, а расщепление реальности на множество миров, где реализуется одна из этих возможностей. Сейчас в эвереттике считается, что результатом наблюдения является альтерверс — некоторая совокупность состояний, где единая реальность наблюдается с различных «точек зрения». Отметим, что еще Сократ показал условность или относительность любого эмпирического познания мира. Заставляя собеседников прилагать «общие для всех» понятия к различным предметам, он вынуждал их прийти к пониманию того, что эти предметы становятся иллюзорными, т.е. не соответствующими этим «единым» понятиям. Наш интерес к проблеме влияния позиции наблюдателей на конструируемую ими реальность отражен в серии публикаций на данную тему. И в этом контексте нас привлек фильм «Расёмон», в котором идеи релятивизма контрастно представлены в художественной форме.
Я-Неизвестное в достижении самотождества и самопреобразовании личности
Authors: Старовойтенко Е.Б. , Щебетенко С.А.
Published: February 2021

В исследовании, представленном в данной статье, впервые предлагается разносторонняя разработка проблемы Я-Неизвестного. Она охватывает его генез, условия существования, его связи с Я-Известным и парадоксальность этих связей, субъектный характер его поиска и раскрытия, его влияние на процессы достижения самотождества Я и самопреобразования личности. Вводится авторское определение Я-Неизвестного как осознанного личностью незнания себя, преодолеваемого в рефлексии, отношениях с другими и продуктивном действии. Исследование проведено персонологическим методом, состоящим в построении и интеграции ряда моделей: теоретико-герменевтической, или культурной, Я-Неизвестного, эмпирических предпосылок изучения Я-Неизвестного, построения «Вопросника Неизвестного Я». Обоснована парадоксальность отношения Я-Неизвестного с Я-Из­вестным. Под «парадоксом» понимается такое соотношение бинарных оппозиций, в котором каждая из них необходима для существования другой, равноценна другой, обладает свойствами, определяемыми связями с другой, может находиться в конструктивном согласовании с другой. Выделены аспекты Я-Неизвестного, не получившие ранее концептуального и эмпирического раскрытия. В частности, выраженность Я-Неизвестного в контексте отношений личности; ипостаси Я-Неизвестного; содержания Я-Неизвестного; Я-Не­известное в измерении возможностей и потенциала личности; Я-Неизвестное в возрастной динамике индивидуальной жизни; Я-Неизвестное во взаимодействии со значимым Другим; Я-Неизвестное в расширенном интериндивидуальном пространстве; Я-Не­известное в структуре Я-концепции; Я-Неизвестное как признак тождества и разотождествления Я с собой; мотивация поиска и раскрытия Я-Неизвестного; Я-Неизвестное как условие самопреобразования личности; культурные и индивидуальные источники «знания о незнании себя».
Характеристики нарративов детей с разным уровнем понимания психических состояний
Authors: Уланова А.Ю.
Published: February 2021

Статья посвящена описанию результатов исследования различных компонентов нарративной компетенции детей 4 и 6 лет в контексте развития модели психического — системы репрезентации знаний о психических феноменах других людей. Нарратив рассматривается не только как важный коммуникативный инструмент и интегративная языковая способность, но и метод, позволяющий подойти к анализу понимания ментальных состояний и событий. Анализ структурных и содержательных характеристик детских повествований в соотношении с пониманием различных аспектов психического мира позволяет подойти к изучению прагматических аспектов коммуникации, направленности на собеседника и способности принять в расчет его точку зрения. В исследовании приняли участие 60 детей, которые рассказывали истории партнеру — другому ребенку, неосведомленному слушателю. Нарративы детей, полученные по инструкции с пропущенным центральным эпизодом, оценивались по структуре, информативности, количеству и специфике описаний психических состояний. Оценка модели психического проводилась с помощью батареи задач, направленных на изучение различных аспектов психического мира — ложных убеждений, намерений, эмоций и др. Результаты показали скачок в развитии модели психического и нарративных способностей в период от 4 до 6 лет, а также изменение характера взаимосвязей между ними в выделенный возрастной период. Обнаружены различия по всем исследуемым характеристикам нарративов у детей с разным уровнем модели психического: дети с высоким уровнем более развернуто и последовательно описывали события, включая психические состояния героев и указание на их причинность. Показана возрастная специфика в описании психических состояний. Приведенные данные позволяют рассматривать модель психического как один из когнитивных ресурсов для конструирования нарратива.
Do Effect Sizes in Psychology Laboratory Experiments Mean Anything in Reality?
Authors: Baumeister Roy
Published: February 2021

The artificial environment of a psychological laboratory experiment offers an excellent method for testing whether a causal relationship exists, — but it is mostly useless for predicting the size and power of such effects in normal life. In comparison with effects out in the world, laboratory effects are often artificially large, because the laboratory situation is set up precisely to capture this effect, with extraneous factors screened out. Equally problematic, laboratory effects are often artificially small, given practical and ethical constraints that make laboratory situations watered-down echoes of what happens in life. Furthermore, in many cases the very notion of a true effect size (as if it were constant across different manipulations and dependent variables) is absurd. These problems are illustrated with examples from the author’s own research programs. It is also revealing that experimental effect sizes, though often quite precisely calculated and proudly integrated into meta-analyses, have attracted almost zero attention in terms of substantive theory about human mental processes and behavior. At best, effect sizes from laboratory experiments provide information that could help other researchers to design their experiments, — but that means effect sizes are shop talk, not information about reality. It is recommended that researchers shift toward a more realistic appreciation of how little can be learned about human mind and behavior from effect sizes in laboratory studies.
Связь отношения личности к глобальным рискам со страхом смерти и проактивным копингом: эмпирическое исследование
Authors: Нестик Т.А. , Николаев Е.Л.
Published: February 2021

Рассматриваются феномены страха личной смерти и отношения к глобальным рискам. Приводятся результаты исследования, проведенного среди российских студентов (N = 521) и посвященного изучению связи между страхом смерти, отношением к глобальным рискам и стратегиями проактивного копинга. В соответствии с теорией управления страхом смерти показано, что характеристики отношения к смерти повышают ориентацию на возврат к традиционным религиозным ценностям и ответственность граждан за предотвращение глобальной катастрофы. Адаптивные характеристики отношения к смерти (нейтральное принятие смерти, страх последствий смерти для личности и для близких) усиливают убеждение в необходимости сотрудничества для предвидения и предотвращения глобальных рисков, а также готовность участвовать в предотвращении катастроф. Дезадаптивные и защитные характеристики отношения к смерти (принятие смерти как бегства, избегание мыслей о смерти, страх забвения после смерти, страх последствий для тела) усиливают апокалиптизм и фаталистическое игнорирование глобальных рисков. Выделены конструктивные характеристики отношения к глобальным рискам, связанные с проактивным копингом и жизнеспособностью: оптимизм в отношении глобального будущего, ориентация на сотрудничество для прогнозирования и предотвращения глобальных угроз, вера в необходимость возвращения к традиционным религиозным ценностям, а также готовность к участию в предотвращении глобальных рисков и к защите от них себя и своих близких. Деструктивными с точки зрения жизнеспособности личности являются поддержка радикальных решений для предотвращения катастроф, апокалиптизм и фаталистическое игнорирование угрозы. Полученные данные указывают на то, что напоминание о смерти в новостях по поводу глобальных рисков может сдвигать общественное мнение в сторону консервативных установок, снижать готовность к поиску решений для предотвращения глобальных катастроф.
Brachial Plexus Injury After Internal Juguler Vein Catheterization
Authors: GÜNDOĞDU Ali , ÖZBERK Sümeyra , UYSAL Cihan , PATAT Yakub , KOÇYİĞİT İsmail , SİPAHİOĞLU Murat , TOKGÖZ Bülent , OYMAK Oktay
Published: February 2021

Central venous catheters are often used as a vascular access for uremic patients who need hemodialysis in both acute and chronic renal failure disease. Among different locations, the most preferable access for catheter is internal jugular vein (IJV) due to its less adverse effects. Herein, we present case of brachial plexus injuries (BPI) as a complication of percutaneous IJV catheterization. After the development of acute renal failure due to lupus nephritis in a 25-years-old pregnant woman; pregnancy was terminated and hemodialysis treatment administered since she has uremic symptoms. Brachial plexus injury occurred after the insertion of IJV catheter. IJV catheterization is safe procedure if the doctor has enough experience. If weakness develops in ipsilateral upper extremity movements after catheterization, doctors should be suspected of BPI.
Postural body: a systematic review about assessment methods
Authors: Petermann Xavele Braatz , Meereis Estele Caroline Welter
Published: February 2021

Introduction: There are different methods for assessing body posture used in physiotherapeutic research, however, there is still no consensus on what would be the most widely used. Objective: Review the methods for body postural assessment used in research today. Method: A literature review was performed on Brazilian papers published from 2010 to 2014. This papers were found Virtual Health Library database, with Health Sciences Descriptors: posture and assessment. Results: Ten assessment methods were found, as follows: Postural Assessment Software (PAS), digital photography, photogrammetry, photography, Kendall et.al. method, Kendall et.al. method with photography, New York Postural Assessment method (NYPAM), biophotogrammetry, evaluation form, and posturograma. Among others, the most used method is PAS (15 papers), followed by Kendall et.al. method with photography (six papers). Conclusion: Various methods for body postural assessment are employed, among PAS show us that is the most used.