bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Easy Way to Show Memory Color Effects
Authors: Witzel Christoph
Published: September 2016

This study proposes and evaluates a simple stimulus display that allows one to measure memory color effects (the effect of object knowledge and memory on color perception). The proposed approach is fast and easy and does not require running an extensive experiment. It shows that memory color effects are robust to minor variations due to a lack of color calibration.
Examining Characteristics of Opinion Leaders in Social Media: A Motivational Approach
Authors: Winter Stephan , Neubaum German
Published: September 2016

Social networking sites offer various opportunities to express opinions on politics and public affairs and to disseminate information to a large circle of acquaintances. The present research aims to identify the characteristics of people who consider themselves as opinion leaders on these new channels, the features they use in order to influence others, and the psychological motives they pursue. A survey ( N = 527) among Facebook users identified political interest and personality strength as significant predictors of perceived Facebook opinion leadership, while the influence of extraversion was not significant. Those who write private messages on political debates do this in order to raise awareness of specific topics, while opinion expression in public status updates is also strongly connected to self-presentational goals (impression motivation). Moreover, the motives of presenting oneself positively and convincing others are particularly important for people with high personality strength. The present findings extend previous knowledge by redefining the concept of opinion leadership in new media environments and describing motivational links between individuals’ predispositions and their activities to influence others’ opinions. On a practical level, the pronounced role of self-presentational motives is likely to have important implications for the dynamics of public debates in social media.
Development and validation of CryoCocoons™ for the safe, aseptic storage of sperm cryovials
Authors: Schiewe Mitchel C , Verheyen Greta , Tournaye Hermann , Phletincx Ivo , Sims Charles A , Rothman Cappy
Published: September 2016

Most sperm banks in the United States continue to process and freeze samples in “open” cryovial devices. Yet, due to growing European attention to the long-term cryostorage of gametes and embryos in an aseptic manner, we evaluated the possibility of repackaging cryovials into a sealed (i.e. closed) “CryoCocoon™”container, when distributing donor sperm vials to countries with aseptic container cryostorage restrictions. We conducted a series of controlled, prospective experiments to validate the efficacy of the CryoCocoon™ concept. Cryovials were securely repackaged within 45 s under ambient conditions while maintaining sub −100°C temperatures, before refreezing, without adversely influencing post-thaw motility. However, unique challenges in terms of container buoyancy, cryocane storage and labeling condensation had to be overcome. Although not particularly ideal to the long-term storage of pathogen-free donor sperm vials, CryoCocoons™ constitute a novel approach to the creation of an aseptic storage container for previously frozen sperm that conforms with closed-system regulations. In addition to possible short-term donor sperm cryostorage in countries implementing aseptic storage restrictions, CryoCocoons™ may prove particularly useful in clinics using sperm cryovials for the effective isolation of “pathogenically at-risk” semen samples.
Evaluation of the Impact of Routine HIV Screening in Primary Care
Authors: Tillison Ashley Simone , Avery Ann Keltner
Published: September 2016

Since 2006, numerous testing initiatives have been launched across the United States to increase the number of individuals who know their HIV status. These initiatives are often venue based and reported in a variety of settings. However, the effectiveness of these initiatives has not been evaluated to determine if patients were identified earlier in the course of disease or would not have been otherwise tested. In 2010, a publicly funded teaching hospital implemented an electronic medical record prompt to improve the rate of routine HIV screening and diagnosis, focusing on primary care office visits. Both sex and CD4 count were found to be significantly related to being newly diagnosed after the intervention. Routine testing in primary care is an effective strategy to diagnose patients earlier in disease progression, particularly men who might otherwise not be tested and thus would remain undiagnosed until developing symptoms from advanced disease.
Developing Communication Management Skills
Authors: Cyphert Dale , Dodge Elena Nefedova , Duclos (Wilson) Leslie K.
Published: September 2016

The value of experiential learning is widely acknowledged, especially for the development of communication skills, but students are not always aware of their own learning. While we can observe students practicing targeted skills during the experiential activity, the experience can also color their explicit understanding of those skills. Transfer of applied knowledge to managerial contexts requires an explicit grasp of the skills as appropriate solutions to the problems they encounter within the experiential team. This article reports the adaptation of assessment processes to encourage the reflection steps necessary for developing the desired managerial perspective on team communication.
BTR: training asynchronous Boolean models using single-cell expression data
Authors: Lim Chee Yee , Wang Huange , Woodhouse Steven , Piterman Nir , Wernisch Lorenz , Fisher Jasmin , Göttgens Berthold
Published: September 2016

Background

Rapid technological innovation for the generation of single-cell genomics data presents new challenges and opportunities for bioinformatics analysis. One such area lies in the development of new ways to train gene regulatory networks. The use of single-cell expression profiling technique allows the profiling of the expression states of hundreds of cells, but these expression states are typically noisier due to the presence of technical artefacts such as drop-outs. While many algorithms exist to infer a gene regulatory network, very few of them are able to harness the extra expression states present in single-cell expression data without getting adversely affected by the substantial technical noise present.

Results

Here we introduce BTR, an algorithm for training asynchronous Boolean models with single-cell expression data using a novel Boolean state space scoring function. BTR is capable of refining existing Boolean models and reconstructing new Boolean models by improving the match between model prediction and expression data. We demonstrate that the Boolean scoring function performed favourably against the BIC scoring function for Bayesian networks. In addition, we show that BTR outperforms many other network inference algorithms in both bulk and single-cell synthetic expression data. Lastly, we introduce two case studies, in which we use BTR to improve published Boolean models in order to generate potentially new biological insights.

Conclusions

BTR provides a novel way to refine or reconstruct Boolean models using single-cell expression data. Boolean model is particularly useful for network reconstruction using single-cell data because it is more robust to the effect of drop-outs. In addition, BTR does not assume any relationship in the expression states among cells, it is useful for reconstructing a gene regulatory network with as few assumptions as possible. Given the simplicity of Boolean models and the rapid adoption of single-cell genomics by biologists, BTR has the potential to make an impact across many fields of biomedical research.
Burns resulting from spontaneous combustion of electronic cigarettes: a case series
Authors: Sheckter Clifford , Chattopadhyay Arhana , Paro John , Karanas Yvonne
Published: September 2016

Background

Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) sales have grown rapidly in recent years, coinciding with a public perception that they are a safer alternative to traditional cigarettes. However, there have been numerous media reports of fires associated with e-cigarette spontaneous combustion.

Case Presentation

Three severe burns caused by spontaneous combustion of e-cigarettes within a 6-month period were treated at the Santa Clara Valley Medical Center Burn Unit. Patients sustained partial and full-thickness burns. Two required hospitalization and surgical treatment.

Conclusions

E-cigarettes are dangerous devices and have the potential to cause significant burns. Consumers and the general public should be made aware of these life-threatening devices.
Probabilistic inversion of airborne electromagnetic data for basement conductors
Authors: Hauser Juerg , Gunning James , Annetts David
Published: September 2016

Probabilistic inversion of airborne electromagnetic data is often approximated by a layered earth using a computationally efficient 1D kernel. If the underlying framework accounts for prior beliefs on spatial correlation, the inversion will be able to recover spatially coherent interfaces and associated uncertainties. Greenfield exploration using airborne electromagnetic data, however, often seeks to identify discrete economical targets. In mature exploration provinces, such bodies are frequently obscured by thick, conductive regolith, and the response of such economic basement conductors presents a challenge to any layered earth inversion. A well-known computationally efficient way to approximate the response of a basement conductor is to use a thin plate. Here we have extended a Bayesian parametric bootstrap approach, so that the basement of a spatially varying layered earth can contain a thin plate. The resulting Bayesian framework allowed for the inversion of basement conductors and associated uncertainties, but more importantly, the use of model selection concepts to determine if the data supports a basement conductor model or not. Recovered maps of basement conductor probabilities show the expected patterns in uncertainty; for example, a decrease in target probability with increasing depth. Such maps of target probabilities generated using the thin plate approximation are a potentially valuable source of information for the planning of exploration activity, such as the targeting of drillholes to confirm the existence of a discrete conductor in a greenfield exploration scenario. We have used a field data set from northwest Queensland, Australia, to illustrate how the approach allowed inversion for a basement conductor and related uncertainties in a spatially variable layered earth, using the information from multiple survey lines and prior beliefs of geology.
The Life of a Nomad and a World Citizen: Alexander von Humboldt, Nomadic Knowledge, and the Global Landscapes of Theory
Authors: Ette Ottmar
Published: September 2016

The nomadic thinking in Alexander von Humboldt's American travel journals makes them relevant in the context of global theories. As a theoretician of globalization between words, scientific fields, and worlds, Humboldt explores the dimensions and movements of knowledge through a translingual écriture that connects epistemological modes between ethics and aesthetics. His multirelational research agenda is inspired by movement that aims at creating “polytopia,” a scholarly field reflected from various stand-points. Humboldt's writing habits on the move as well as at home have created a materiality of writing inscribed in his travel journals. By interpreting nineteenth-century portraits of him, I show the link between the researcher and his journals, which also underlines his craft of turning handwriting into an iconic theme. Humboldt's works and journals imply a landscape of theory based on ongoing movement, discovery, and exploration.
Flight mechanics and control of escape manoeuvres in hummingbirds I. Flight kinematics
Authors: Cheng Bo , Tobalske Bret W. , Powers Donald R. , Hedrick Tyson L. , Wethington Susan M. , Chiu George T. C. , Deng Xinyan
Published: September 2016

Hummingbirds are nature‘s masters of aerobatic manoeuvres. Previous research shows hummingbirds and insects converged evolutionarily upon similar aerodynamic mechanisms and kinematics in hovering. Herein, we use three-dimensional kinematic data to begin to test for similar convergence of kinematics used for escape flight and to explore the effects of body size upon manoeuvring. We studied four hummingbird species in North America including two large species (magnificent hummingbird, Eugenes fulgens, 7.8 g and blue-throated hummingbird, Lampornis clemenciae, 8.0 g) and two smaller species (broad-billed hummingbird, Cynanthus latirostris, 3.4 g and black-chinned hummingbirds Archilochus alexandri, 3.1 g). Starting from a steady hover, hummingbirds consistently manoeuvred away from perceived threats using a drastic escape response that featured body pitch and roll rotations coupled with a large linear acceleration. Hummingbirds changed their flapping frequency and wing trajectory in all three degrees-of-freedom on stroke-by-stroke basis, likely causing rapid and significant alteration of the magnitude and direction of aerodynamic forces. Thus it appears that the flight control of hummingbirds does not obey the “helicopter model” that is valid for similar escape manoeuvres in fruit flies. Except for broad-billed hummingbirds, the hummingbirds had faster reaction times than those reported for visual feedback control in insects. The two larger hummingbird species performed pitch rotations and global-yaw turns with considerably larger magnitude than the smaller species, but roll rates and cumulative roll angles were similar among the four species.
CHILDREN AND YOUTH TOURISM AS A PRIORITY DIRECTION OF DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM OF THE REPUBLIC OF CHILE
Authors: Карпова Галина , Karpova Galina , Ткачев Вадим , Tkachev Vadim
Published: September 2016

Children and youth area as an independent segment of the tourism industry has a long history in many developed countries in organized form with the support of relevant organs of state and territorial government, as well as in the independent form. However, for most developing countries it is a relatively new phenomenon, which forms and mechanisms of manifestation may differ significantly from each other. The authors of the article, in accordance with the priority directions of scientific research of St. Petersburg state economic University, chose the current state and prospects of development of youth tourism in Chile as the object of their study. The article presents a brief overview of the history and transformation of tourism of the Republic of Chile, gives the attractiveness of Chile for the regional tourism market, as well as formulates key trends of the modern youth tourism: the use of modern information technologies; development and implementation of integrated programs for children and young people; the development of family tourism; promotion of scientific tourism for children and teenagers
Information capital in social network ties
Authors: Кустова Наталья , Kustova Natalya , Дмитриева Ирина , Dmitrieva Irina , Охременко Ирина , Okhremenko Irina
Published: September 2016

The article is devoted to the communication problem of information processes in the context of the information capital phenomenon. Information capital considers in its social and economic aspects. Intellectual capital is aimed at creating as self-initiating system. It promotes transformation of the intellectual capital into the information capital. Information Capital is an important factor to generate additional income of the company. In this case the information capital is used in its various forms. Authors touch a few important questions. They include: the importance of information, the real value of information, requirements of the person who buys a product of intellectual labor. The modern development of information technology uses a system of “Intellectual and conceptual synthesis of alternative solutions”. This information technology allows synthesizing of management decisions. The authors offer to analyze of problematic situations for the strategic development and planning system. This issue is on the verge between the economic and social level of socio -economic life. It actualizes many social contradictions. The essence of the conflict is that the surplus product is produced through of information capital, and requirements of the owners of income are conditioned on the principle of commercial gain. The subject of the wage labor system becomes the owner of the information capital. The es

sential conflict of the industrial society between wage labor and capital becomes a totally different dimension. Private property is transformed into a purely legal function. The authors draw the following conclusion: the principles, forms and mechanism of information capital are the tool and incentive of the social development.
IMPORTANCE OF THE ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT AND DIORAMAS IN DEMONSTRATION OF HISTORICAL SIGHTS
Authors: Кожуховский Анатолий , Kozhukhovskiy Anatoliy
Published: September 2016

The article discusses the importance of making different layouts and dioramas for the transmission the complete information about a specific geographic place and its main characteristics on a small site and the use of models and dioramas in various fields of tourism and service. The author of the article pays much attention to the question of the quality of various types of modern layouts and dioramas and their role in attracting large number of viewers and to the determination of viewers’ interest in visiting and exploring any historical site, historical place or monument. There was made the analysis of the necessity of application and of the use in various spheres of tourist and excursion activity prototype samples of art. In addition, there was developed the use of layouts in various interiors and exteriors, as well as the analysis of the necessity of building large models in miniature parks on a natural landscapeto attract a large number of viewers in the sphere of tourism and service. The author examines contemporary architectural and landscape layouts, the dioramas at the highest artistic level, using the latest innovative technologies and materials, modern technological advances in the field of manufacturing layout for achieving a qualitatively new technical, aesthetic and artistic level. The article discusses the importance of the production of the layout as an object of aesthetic and artistic value and the role of the layout work in the professional education of designers. The author investigates the importance of prototyping as a special kind of creative activity that reflects the social and moral problems of human life. There are observed the changes in the social and economic conditions of the architect, designer and desktop publisher, which require further improvement of the layout of the case and the introduction of advanced methods, techniques and hardware in architectural work and layout. For example, the study of peculiarities of the layout process shows artistic-educational and aesthetic role of the layouts, dioramas, miniature parks in artistic and aesthetic education, and aesthetic impact of art on the spiritual world of people.
ISSUES OF DEVELOPMENT OF TOURIST TERRITORIES FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF THE SYSTEM APPROACH
Authors: Саранча Михаил , Sarancha Mikhail
Published: September 2016

The aim of the study in the article is the identification and conceptual analysis of the main essential features for the development of territories in the tourism sector based on a systemic approach. The relevance of the theme, along with the high request of the practice, is because of a systematic approach holistically and comprehensively allows addressing this range of problems. In the first part of the article, the author examines the main models of development of tourist areas; special attention is paid to the classical model of development by R. Butler and its modification through the prism of chaos theory. There is identified the cyclic and wave nature of development of the tourist areas. In the second part of the article the author reveals the essential components for the development of tourist areas through the answers to the following questions: what develops (elements of the tourism system, their interaction and the system itself), what is the result of transformation, what are the transformations and which medium develops, what are the factors/ forces of development, what is the relation- ship between mediums and factors of change, what are the strategies of the mediums and factors regarding the arising interactions. For each component of the development the author, based on his own experience, shows the essence and the conceptual content, which together allow the system to provide the development of tourist areas. Special attention is paid to the technological structure of the tourism system, as well as the main stages of formation of tourist experiences of travelling. The study uses the following methods and approaches: system- atic method, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, abstraction, modeling, descriptive and comparative methods. The novelty of the work is the firstly conducted research in the essential conceptual and substantive sections of the underlying issues/components of the development of tourist territories. The identification and reference dimensions for the actual material specific area allows a system approach to show their development and outputs of the research with conceptual and methodological levels in the application, providing the appropriate tools for experts of this sphere.
Is this a new golden age of philanthropy? An assessment of the changing landscape
Authors: Ferris James M.
Published: September 2016

There has been much discussion about the intergenerational transfer of wealth and what it might portend for philanthropy and the non-profit sector in the United States. However, the future of philanthropy and the sector is going to be determined, not by the transfer of wealth itself, but by the dollars that find their way into philanthropy, and how those dollars are leveraged. How will they shape philanthropy, the non-profit sector and the communities served? Given that philanthropy is significantly insulated from market forces and political pressures, it is up to philanthropy to discover pathways to greater impact. This article examines the potential of three strategies to make it so: networks and collaboration; working with government; and leveraging all of philanthropy’s assets.
Atención y preparación del duelo en familiares de pacientes crónicos terminales: prueba piloto en Zaragoza
Authors: Sánchez Guio Tania , Becerril Ramírez Natalia , Delgado Sevilla David
Published: September 2016

Objetivo: Evaluar si la intervención enfermera (información) disminuye el grado de ansiedad y miedo a la muerte que presentan los familiares de pacientes con enfermedad crónica terminal en la Unidad de Cuidados Paliativos de la Orden Hospitalaria San Juan de Dios (OHSJD) de Zaragoza.Metodología: Se realizó un estudio cuaxiexperimental de diseño pre post intervención para analizar el grado de ansiedad que presentan los familiares de pacientes en situación de enfermedad crónica terminal, así como el miedo de enfrentarse a la muerte y el proceso de morir de uno mismo y ante una persona ajena, a través de dos cuestionarios validados.Resultados: Todos los participantes disminuyeron el grado de ansiedad, siendo el grupo que recibe la intervención el que presentó mayores diferencias. Por el contrario, sólo el grupo que recibió la intervención redujo el miedo a la muerte.Conclusiones: La intervención enfermera demuestra ser eficaz en la reducción de la ansiedad y el miedo a la muerte y el proceso de morir en los participantes que acompañan a familiares con enfermedad terminal. Además de mejorar la calidad de vida, y por consiguiente, los cuidados al familiar enfermo.
An overview of an amplitude integrated EEG
Authors: Handryastuti Setyo
Published: September 2016

Amplitude integrated EEG (aEEG) has been used widely in developed countries for years. It was initially developed by Maynard and Prior 1 in the early 1970s and later adapted for neonatal use by Hellstrom-Westas and Svenningsen 2 . It is especially used for monitoring term newborns after having survived from birth asphyxia.During the last decade neonatal health care in Indonesia has developed. Monitoring of physiological parameters such as ECG, heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation and temperature have been integrated inour neonatal intensive care unit but equipments like continuous EEG monitoring and aEEG to evaluate brain function have not been well-known among our neonatologists and pediatricians. The consequence is the de-crease of infant mortality was not associated with the improvement of quality of life of the survivors due to neurodevelopmental problems caused by various diseases during neonatal period. In the future, it can be prevented by using brain function monitoring in high risk newbornfor neurodevelopmental problem in conditions such as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), prematurity, neonatal seizures, central nervous system infection, metabolic disorders, intraventricular or intracranial bleeding and brain malformation. This article gives an overview about aEEG and its role in newborn.
Metabolic syndrome and visceral fat thickness in obese adolescents
Authors: Gultom Lanny C. , Sjarif Damayanti R. , Ifran Evita K. B. , Trihono Partini P. , Batubara Jose R. L.
Published: September 2016

Background Metabolic syndrome (MS) is one of the long-termconsequences of obesity which can be found in adolescents. MS iscaused by excessive visceral fat accumulation. The visceral fatthickness (VFT) itself can be measured by using waist circumference(WC) measurement and abdominal ultrasonography. Until now,there are no WC and VFT cut-off points to predict MS in childrenand adolescents. This study used MS criteria based on NationalCholesterol Education Program – Adult Treatment Panel III(NCEP-ATP III) which specifically modified.Objective The objectives of this study are (a) to determine the MSocurrence based on modified NCEP-ATP III in obese adolescents;(b) to measure the VFT by using abdominal ultrasonography in obeseadolescent with MS and obese adolescent without MS.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study from March toMay 2006. Fifty obese adolescents were recruited from severaljunior and senior high schools in Jakarta.Results Of those 50 obese adolescents, there were 34 subjects withWC>P 80  and 16 subjects with WC P 80 , 17 subjects had MS and the others had no MS. Allthe 16 subjects with WC P 80  who had MS was 5.19 cm (SD 2.07 cm).The VFT in 17 subjects with WC>P 80 who had no MS was 3.94cm (SD 1.62 cm). The VFT in all 16 subjects with WC P 80  and they also had visceral fat which wasthicker than obese adolescents without MS.Conclusions All obese adolescents with MS have WC>P 80  andthicker visceral fat than obese adolescents without MS; the VFTof obese adolescents without MS, who had WC>P 80 was 3.94cm (SD 1.62 cm), and the VFT of obese adolescents without MS,who had WC <P 80 was 3.54 cm (SD 0.92 cm).
Phenotype and genotype characteristics of Indonesian 21-hydroxylase deficient patients
Authors: Oswari Atiek Widya , Tridjaja Bambang , Setianingsih Iswari , Tambunan Taralan , Pulungan Aman B. , Batubara Jose R. L.
Published: September 2016

Background Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is the mostcommon cause of ambiguous genitalia in children and 90-95%cases show 21-hydroxylase deficiency. More than 100 mutationshave been described and of these, four mutations have beenfrequently reported in Asia. Those mutations are deletion/largegene conversion (LGC), intron2 splice mutation (I2 splice), pointmutations at codon 172 (I172N) and codon 356 (R356W).Genotyping is very valuable since close correlation observedbetween genotype and phenotype.Objective To identify phenotype and genotype characteristics ofCAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (CAH-21OH) andcorrelation between them.Methods From June to November 2006 we analyzed 37 confirmedCAH-21OH patients treated at the Department of Child Health,Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital during the period of 1990-2006.Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction fragmentlength polymorphism (RFLP) analysis or amplification-createdrestriction site (ACRS) were performed. We first identified deletion/LGC and I172N mutation that had been mostly reported in saltwasting (SW) and simple virilizing (SV) form patients respectively.Results There were 37 patients, consisted of 6 males and 31females with the ratio 1:5.2. Of those, 25, 10, 2 patients wereSW, SV and non-classic (NC) form, respectively. PCR-RFLP orACRS was performed to detect two mutations in 32 patients (64alleles). Deletion/LGC was found in 6 alleles while I172Nmutations in two. All deletion alleles showed SW phenotype butI172 mutated alleles showed SW and SV phenotype.Conclusion There is a consistent close association betweengenotype and phenotype in our CAH-21OH patients.
Risk factors influencing the outcomes in infants with epilepsy
Authors: Handryastuti Setyo , Mangunatmadja Irawan
Published: September 2016

Background Epilepsy in young children should always beconsidered as a symptom of an underlying brain disease. Parentsand caregivers often asked whether the seizures can be controlledand whether the epilepsy will affect the child development.Objective To find out risk factors influencing the outcomes ininfants with epilepsy.Methods This was a retrospective study on infants aged 1 monthuntil 12 months with recurrent epileptic seizures. We looked forthe risk factors as sex, types of medication, age at onset of seizure,epilepsy syndrome, etiology of epilepsy, history of neonatal seizure,first EEG features, and type of seizure for the last 6 month-period.The outcomes evaluated were controlled seizure and developmentalstatus.Results Hundred forty infants with epilepsy were reviewed,consisted of 84 (60%) infants with symptomatic epilepsy, and 56(40%) infants categorized as idiopathic. Forty-six (33%) infantshad controlled seizure, while 94 (67%) infants had uncontrolledseizure. Abnormal developmental status was found in 75 infants(54%). Abnormal developmental status was more found in infantswith polytherapy, age at onset of 1-4 months, symptomaticepilepsy, positive remote symptomatic, history of neonatal seizure,abnormality of first EEG, and uncontrolled seizure. Uncontrolledseizure of epilepsy was more found in infants with polytherapy,early age at onset (1-4 month old), symptomatic epilepsy, positiveremote symptomatic, history of neonatal seizure, and abnormalityof first EEG.Conclusion Our data indicate that classifying syndrome of epilepsythrough diagnostic screening and age of onset are important todetermine the outcomes.
Plasma lipid profile and leptin concentration in super-obese children
Authors: Hendarto Aryono , Nasar Sri Sudaryati , Sjarif Damayanti Rusli
Published: September 2016

Background Leptin induced weight loss is completely specificfor adipose tissue loss, whereas food restriction result in both lossof adipose tissue and lean body mass in mammals. Most obeseperson has high endogenous leptin levels, indicating leptinresistance. There has been lack of data regarding plasma leptinlevel in Indonesian obese children.Objective This study was aimed to investigate the plasma leptinlevel and lipid profile in super-obese children.Methods This was a cross sectional study performed in PediatricOut Patient Clinic Mangunkusumo Hospital and Private Women& Children Hospital in Eastern part of Jakarta. Super-obese isdefined as children with BMI above 97 centiles CDC 2000 chart.Blood sample was obtained from all subjects, consisted ofperipheral blood picture, lipid profiles and leptin level.Results Seventy nine super-obese children were eligible with ageranged between 12 months and 180 months and mean of age was84.9 months (SD 36.8). More than 60% subjects had high LDLcholesterol, while 19% had low HDL level. The lowest leptinblood level was 2.877 μ g/dL, while the highest was 70.430 μ g/dL(mean 23.990; SD 12.726). Forty five subjects, all boys, hadincreased plasma leptin level.Conclusions In super-obese children, most of the subjectexperienced hyperlipidemia (LDL cholesterol) followed byhypertriglyceridemia. There was small number of low HDLcholesterol found. Super-obese girls had normal serum leptin level,in contrast, more than 60% super-obese boys had elevated serumleptin level.
Intravenous immune globulin in the management of sepsis in PICU RSAB Harapan Kita, Jakarta
Authors: Mulyo Guwansyah D. , Widjajanti Martani
Published: September 2016

Background Sepsis is a major health problem and a leading causeof death among children. Intravenous immune globulin (IVIG)has been reported in systemic inflammatory conditions.Objective To determine the effectiveness of IVIG in the treatmentof sepsis in children.Methods This was a hospital-based, retrospective study conductedfrom 2000-2001. Sixty neonates and children under 18 years oldwith sepsis were classified to either received or not received IVIG.The IVIG and the non-IVIG groups were compared. Data wasobtained from medical records.Results Of 60 sepsis cases, 16 were neonates (7 received IVIG, 9did not), and 44 were infants and children (25 received IVIGand 19 did not). In neonates, IVIG had no influence on mortality(P=0.838), while in non-neonatal cases, it improved the survivalrate (P=0.010). The suitability of the 1st antibiotic influencedthe outcome and length of stay in neonatal cases (P=0.005), butnot in the non-neonatal group (P=0.111). Although in somecases the 1 st antibiotic was not suitable, IVIG seemed to hold theprocess for a while, giving more time to adjust to a suitableantibiotic according to the culture result.Conclusions The addition of IVIG to standard therapies revealedminimum effect but showed benefit in holding the process, andseemed to improve survival in children, but not in neonates.
Clinical and laboratory profiles of hepatitis C in hemophiliac children
Authors: Oswari Hanifah , S.P. Ferry Damardjati , Gatot Djajadiman , Munasir Zakiudin , Bisanto Julfina
Published: September 2016

Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is common inhemophiliac receiving multiple coagulation factor transfusionsbefore the introduction of donor screening and viral inactivationtechniques. Information on the clinical profiles of HCV infectionin children is still limited.Objective To describe clinical and laboratory profiles of HCVinfection in hemophiliac children.Methods Patients registered at the Hemophilia Society ofDepartment of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital,who had positive anti-HCV were enrolled. None of them receivedantiviral treatment. All subjects infected by HCV before the ageof 18 years and at least had positive anti-HCV test result for 6months underwent clinical examination, alanine aminotransferase(ALT), platelets, and HCV RNA tests.Results Thirty nine subjects were available for review, with themedian age of 15 years, and the mean age of the first time gettingtransfusion was 15 months. Twenty two (56%) of 39 subjectsshowed clinical manifestations. Liver and spleen enlargement werenot found in any of the subjects. Ten (26%) subjects showedelevated ALT. Platelet count was within normal limit in allsubjects. Twenty four (61%) patients had chronic hepatitis,whereas the remaining 15 (39%) subjects spontaneously clearedfrom HCV.Conclusions Pediatric HCV infection showed mild clinicalmanifestations. Sixty one percent subjects developed chronichepatitis. The abnormality of laboratory finding may be associatedwith the future chronic liver disease.
Prevalence of HBsAg positive among non- immunized junior high school students in Bandung
Authors: K. Lia Marlia , Alfa Yasmar , Martiza Iesje , Prasetyo Dwi
Published: September 2016

Background Sero-epidemiologic survey of hepatitis B is used todetermine the prevalence of hepatitis B infection in community,particularly among population which has not been covered byhepatitis B immunization program.Objective To determine the prevalence of HBsAg positive amongjunior high school’s students in Bandung.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on junior high school(SMP) students. Subjects were selected randomly using stratifiedcluster sampling of 4 junior high schools in Bandung. The inclusioncriteria were students of first and second grade, lived in Bandungarea, without history of hepatitis B immunization. Subjects wereinterviewed and were screened for HBsAg using Reverse PassiveHemagglutination technique.Results There were 341 subjects consisted of 201 girls and 140boys. None of the subjects had any sexual intercourse or intravenousdrugs, while 261 subjects (76.5%) had shared personal care. Historyof blood transfusion was found in 13 subjects (3.8%), tattooing in2 (3.8%), body piercing in 28 (8.2%), and contact with chronicliver disease patients in 16 (4.7%). Based on HBsAg serologic test,3 subjects (2 boys and 1 girl) were found to be positive, thus HBsAgpositive prevalence was 0.9% (95%CI -0.001;0.019). Two of themhad shared personal care with their relatives or friends. None ofthem had tattoo, body pierce, blood transfusion, or contact withchronic liver disease patients. Their physical condition were withinnormal limit. One of them refused to do further laboratory testsbecause no permission from his parents. Liver function of thosestudents were normal, anti-HBc IgM were negative, and total anti-HBc were positive in two of them.Conclusion The prevalence of HBsAg positive in junior highschool students in Bandung is low and there is no obvious riskfactor for the transmission of the disease.
Effect of iron and zinc supplementation in the treatment of malaria in children
Authors: Dasraf Danny , Lubis Bugis Mardina , Lubis Bidasari , Rosdiana Nelly , Lubis Munar , Pasaribu Syahril
Published: September 2016

Background Iron and zinc administration for children withmalaria in endemic area were known to decrease parasitemia butdata on their effectiveness when given together to increasereticulocytes as erythropoiesis parameter and hemoglobin isinsufficient.Objective To determine the effect of zinc to increase ironabsorption in the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria inchildren.Methods Children with positive Plasmodium falciparum on theirblood smear (n=86) examination were randomly assigned to dailysupplementation of iron 6 mg per kg body weight per day plusplacebo or iron plus zinc 10 mg per day for 30 days. Venous bloodspecimens were collected at the start and at the end of the study.Results Sixty-nine children completed the supplementations andhad both baseline and follow-up blood specimen study. After 30-day supplementation, the iron plus placebo and iron plus zincgroups showed significant difference on hemoglobin concentration(0.58 and 0.09 g/dl; P<0.05). There was no significant differencein reticulocyte production index and reticulocyte count beforeand after intervention in both groups. There was only significantdifference in red blood cells concentration after supplementationof iron plus placebo and iron plus zinc (4.7 in 4.5 million/μl;P<0.05).Conclusions Iron supplementation with or without zinc showssignificant increase of hemoglobin concentration. It is slightlyhigher in iron plus placebo group.
Preterm and low birth weight as risk factors for infant delayed development
Authors: Alam Anggraini , Sukadi Abdurachman , Risan Nelly Amalia , Dhamayanti Meita
Published: September 2016

Background In developed countries, birth weight of less than1,500 g contributes in infant delayed development. It might bedifferent in developing countries.Objective This study aimed to determine whether preterm infantswith birth weight of 1,500 to 2,499 g are risk factors for delayeddevelopment at 7-10 months of age.Methods We analyzed singleton infants at 7-10 months ofcorrected age, born with birth weight of 1,500 to 2,499 grams,preterm-appropriate for gestational age (or LBW group), and at7-10 months of chronological age, born with birth weight >2,500g-term-appropriate for gestational (non-LBW group) in a hospital-based retrospective cohort study. Data were taken from medicalrecords in Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, from September2003 to May 2004. We excluded infants with major congenitalanomalies, hyaline membrane disease, assisted ventilation, orexchange transfusion. Multiple regression logistic analysis wasperformed for data analysis.Results The percentage of delayed development in LBW groupwas higher than in non-LBW group (17.1% vs. 1.6%). Logisticregression analysis revealed that low birth weight was a risk factorfor delayed development (RR=5.13, 95%Cl 1.55;16.96, P=0.007).Other biological risk factors for delayed development arehyperbilirubinemia (RR=3.32, 95%Cl 1.29;8.54, P=0.013) andsepsis (RR=2.74, 95%Cl 1.15;6.52, P=0.023).Conclusions Preterm-appropriate for gestational age with birthweight of 1,500 to 2,499 g are risk factors for infant delayeddevelopment after being adjusted to other biological risk factors.
Association between age and serum ferritin level with bone age deficit in children with thalassemia major
Authors: Andayani Sri Hastuti , Sekarwana Nanan , Fadil Ryadi
Published: September 2016

Background Multiple blood transfusions in thalassemia patientslead to iron overload in bone tissue. Iron overload can bedetermined by serum ferritin measurement. Several studies haveevaluated association between serum ferritin level and growth,but without bone age examination.Objective To determine the association between age and serumferritin level with bone age in children with thalassemia major.Methods This study was conducted at Hasan Sadikin HospitalBandung during March-May 2007. We performed physicalexamination, serum feritin measurement, and bone ageexamination. Data were analyzed with x 2 to determine associationbetween variables. The association between age and serum ferritinlevel with bone age deficit was analyzed with regression logisticmodel.Results Subjects consisted of 49 patients with thalassemia major.All subjects had bone age deficit. Most boys were in age group of>10 years and had bone age difference >36 months, while mostgirls were <10 years and had bone age difference <36 months.Subjects with bone age difference <36 months mostly had serumferritin level <5,000 ng/dL, while most subjects with bone agedifference >36 months had serum ferritin level =5,000 ng/dL.This was statistically significant (x 2 =4.573, P=0.032). There wasassociation between age and bone age deficit (OR=13.461, 95%CI 3.199;56.640), but not with serum ferritin level (OR= 2.199,95% CI 0.532;9.095).Conclusion In thalassemic children, bone age deficit is associatedwith age, but not with serum feritin level.
Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis: difficulty in establishing diagnosis (a case report)
Authors: Kusumadewi Annie , Setiawati Landia , Permono Bambang
Published: September 2016

A case of Langerhans’ cell histiocytosisthat previously diagnosed as tuberculous osteomyelitis,focusing on difficulty in diagnosis.
Determinants of infant care practices in Minangkabau ethnic
Authors: Masruli Masruli , Basuki Hari
Published: September 2016

Background Child care practices are important for growthand development, and are influenced by cultural determinants.Indicators of infant care practices have not been determined forthe Minangkabau ethnic group.Objective To determine indicators of infant care among aMinangkabau ethnic community.Methods A cross􀁈sectional study was done in Solok, WestSumatera, a region populated by largely Minangkabau ethnicgroups. Infant feeding care (IFC), infant health care (IHC), infantclean care (ICC), and infant psychosocial stimulation care (IPSe)were the components of infant care used as indicators. Data onthese four components were obtained through interviews withparents and direct observation. A score was assigned to eachcomponent. We used the confirmatory factors analysis (CFA)method to determine whether the indicators were valid in thestudied population.Results We enrolled 417 infants in the study, v.ith a mean age of8.7 months, and 51.6% were female. IFC scores were fairin 72.7%,high in 20.4%, and low in 6.7%. IHC scores were poor in 25.7%,fair in 58.8%, and good in 15.5%. ICC scores were poor in 0.7%,fair in 42.2%, and good in 58.1 %. IPSC scores were poor in 10.6%,fair in 84.9%, and high in 4.5%. On CFA, ICC contributed least tothe indicator model (A: 0.17). ICC and IPSC had fair contributionsto the model (A: 0.5 and 0.47, respectively). Goodness of fit of themodel was good (P>0.05). Root mean square error approximationwas <0.08 and goodness of fit index was >0.9.Conclusions Infant clean care was the most significant contributorto the infant care practice indicator in the Minangkabau ethniccommunity. Similar studies need to be done in other Indonesianethnic groups. [Paediatr Indones. 2012;52:280,3].
Characteristics and outcomes of low birth weight infants in Bali
Authors: Putra Putu Junara
Published: September 2016

Background The prevalence and the mortality of low birthweight infants are still high. Low birth weight (LBW) births areresponsible for newborn death. LBW infants are easier to sufferserious health problems and death. Lower infant body weightand younger gestational age are determinants of greater risk ofmortality.Objective To determine the characteristics of LBW infants andtheir outcomes in Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar.Methods This prospective study was conducted on all LBWinfants in the nursery from their time of admission until dischargefor the year of 20 11..Results There were 120 LBW infants admitted to SanglahHospital fromJanuary 2011 to December 2011. The prevalenceofLBW was 8.9%. The birth weight group of 1500􀁰2499 gramshad the highest number of infants (79.2%). The gestational agegroup of 33􀁰36 weeks had 53.3% of the infants, while 68.3% ofthe LBW infants were of the appropriate gestational age. Themost common method of delivery was normal spontaneousdelivery (70%). Moderate asphyxia was observed in 25% of thesubjects, while severe asphyxia was observed in 22.5% of subjects.The mortality rate was 24.2%.Conclusions The prevalence of LBW of all newborns in ourhospital was 8.9%. Severe asphyxia was observed in 22.5% ofsubjects. The mortality rate of the LBW infants was 24.2%. OurLBW infants were most cormnonly in the categories of birth weightof 1500􀁰2499 grams, gestational age was between 33􀁰36 weeks,appropriate for gestational age, as well as delivered spontaneously.[Paediatr lndanes. 2012,52:30003].
Families of estimators for ratio and product of study characters using mean and proportion of auxiliary character in presence of non-response
Authors: Sinha Raghaw
Published: September 2016

In this paper, families of estimators for ratio and product of two population means are suggested using proportion and mean of auxiliary character in presence of non-response. The bias and mean square error (MSE) of the proposed families of estimators are obtained up to the first degree of approximation under two different cases. The specified conditions under which the members of proposed families of estimators attain minimum mean square error have been obtained. Theoretical and empirical comparisons based on real data sets are made to show that the suggested families of estimators are more efficient than the relevant estimators such as usual conventional estimator, (Khare & Sinha 2012 a) estimators and (Sinha 2014) estimators.