bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systemic Assessment Questions as a Means of Assessment in Organic Chemistry
Authors: Sendur Gulten
Published: December 2022

This chapter focuses on the theoretical framework, applications, and assessment of systemic diagrams and systemic assessment questions, one of the tools that can be used to assess students' meaningful understanding in organic chemistry. The nature of organic chemistry and the points where learners have difficulties are discussed along with how meaningful understanding can be actualized in organic chemistry and how important it is to assess meaningful understanding in depth. Then, in the context of the systemic approach to teaching and learning (SATL), systemic diagrams and systemic assessment questions are examined. An assessment is then made in terms of research conducted in organic chemistry education. This section also provides a sample systemic assessment questions (SAQs) diagram for aromatic compounds that can be used by chemistry teachers and educators.
Development of a Generalizable Framework for Machine Learning-based Evaluation of Written Explanations of Reaction Mechanisms from the Post-secondary Organic Chemistry Curriculum
Authors: Raker Jeffrey R. , Yik Brandon J. , Dood Amber J.
Published: December 2022

To assess the understanding of reaction mechanisms it is necessary to ask learners what the lines, letters, arrows, and other symbols mean. Regurgitation of mechanistic representations is an insufficient measure of learning. In this chapter, we report a framework for assessing understanding through the evaluation of written explanations of what is happening and why for a broad array of reaction mechanisms taught in the postsecondary organic chemistry curriculum. We outline levels of explanation sophistication that can be used to identify opportunities for developing deeper and more meaningful understanding. This work builds on educational research on how organic chemistry students learn and develop expertise in using reaction mechanisms to predict and explain chemical transformations. Purposely considering mechanisms from a mechanistic step or mechanistic component perspective (for example, understanding of a proton transfer) has the potential to spark fresh insights for new and innovative means to facilitate learning. Our long-term goal for this work is to operationalize the framework by applying machine learning techniques to analyze written responses which will provide targeted feedback to educators and learners as they develop understanding of reaction mechanisms.
Controlled fabrication of Ag@clay nanomaterials for ultrasensitive and rapid surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic detection
Authors: Fu Chao Peng , Li Ke Jin , He Jia Yong , Yu Wei Hua , Zhou Chun Hui
Published: December 2022

Bridge-structured spherical Ag@synthetic hectorite nanomaterials were prepared and they showed ultrasensitivity for methylene blue in SERS detection.
Elasticity of mesoporous nanocapsules regulates cellular uptake, blood circulation, and intratumoral distribution
Authors: Tao Jun , Shi Wenhui , Chen Kun , Lu Wei , Elbourne Aaron James , Bao Lei , Weng Lixing , Zheng Xudong , Su Xiaodan , Teng Zhaogang , Wang Lianhui
Published: December 2022

Schematic illustration of the elasticity of MONs-HA that regulatesin vitrocellular uptake,in vivoblood circulation, and tumor accumulation.
Identification of structural changes in CaCu3Ti4O12 on high energy ball milling and their effect on photocatalytic performance
Authors: Bartoletti Andrea , Gondolini Angela , Sangiorgi Nicola , Aramini Matteo , Ardit Matteo , Rancan Marzio , Armelao Lidia , Kondrat Simon A. , Sanson Alessandra
Published: December 2022

Milling increased the surface-area normalised photocatalytic performance of a perovskite, through inclusion of defects as determined by X-ray absorption spectroscopy.
Efficient cascade conversion of starch to gluconic acid by a chemoenzymatic system with co-immobilized Au nanoparticles and enzymes
Authors: Gao Jie , Wang Zhenfu , Guo Ranran , Hu Yang , Dong Xiaoyan , Shi Qinghong , Sun Yan
Published: December 2022

A chemoenzymatic cascade system (GA&GOx@Au–SiO2) was fabricated by immobilizing Au nanoparticles onto silica (SiO2) followed by the co-immobilization of glucoamylase (GA) and glucose oxidase (GOx) for the production of gluconic acid from starch.
Ferrocene-triazole conjugates: do we know why they are biologically active?
Authors: Koszytkowska-Stawińska Mariola , Buchowicz Włodzimierz
Published: December 2022

Using theclick-chemistryapproach, ferrocene has been linked to different organic structures of medicinal importance. Biologically active ferrocene-triazole conjugates, reported since 2012, are reviewed according to the type of their effect.
Correction: Curcuminoids, a major turmeric component, have a sleep-enhancing effect by targeting the histamine H1 receptor
Authors: Um Min Young , Yoon Minseok , Kim Minji , Jung Jonghoon , Kim Seonghui , Kim Dae-Ok , Cho Suengmok
Published: December 2022

Correction for ‘Curcuminoids, a major turmeric component, have a sleep-enhancing effect by targeting the histamine H1 receptor’ by Min Young Um et al., Food Funct., 2022, 13, 12697–12706, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2FO02087D.
Ionic liquid functionalized polylactides: the effect of anions on catalytic activity and carbon nanotube dispersion
Authors: Fang Dawei , Wen Jingyi , Yu Hao , Zhang Jince , You Xiaolei , Liu Na
Published: December 2022

A series of novel polylactides bearing an imidazolium group with different anions at one chain extremity were synthesized via ROP of lactide by organocatalysts. The effect of anions was systematically investigated for the first time.
Bio-based stimuli-responsive materials for biomedical applications
Authors: Ma Wenjing , Hua Dawei , Xiong Ranhua , Huang Chaobo
Published: December 2022

Bio-based stimuli responsive materials have been widely studied as highly versatile materials in biomedical applications.
Thermodynamic mechanism of controllable growth of two-dimensional uniformly ordered boron-doped graphene
Authors: Zhu Yuansen , Gong Xiaoshu , Ma Liang , Wang Jinlan
Published: December 2022

The thermodynamic mechanisms as well as the optimal experimental parameters of controllable growth of 2D uniformly ordered boron-doped graphene have been proposed by establishing the substrate-mediated phase diagrams.
Etching suppression as a means to Pt dendritic ultrathin nanosheets by seeded growth
Authors: Yi Deliang , Marcelot Cécile , Romana Idaline , Tassé Marine , Fazzini Pier-Francesco , Peres Laurent , Ratel-Ramond Nicolas , Decorse Philippe , Warot-Fonrose Bénédicte , Viau Guillaume , Serp Philippe , Soulantica Katerina
Published: December 2022

In situ Cl-removal from PtCl2 allows survival of twinned nuclei, which evolve to twinned multipods. Overgrowth of the multipods from Pt(acac)2 produces ultrathin nanosheets, which are active and selective catalysts for phenylacetylene hydrogenation.
Nanoscale chemical analysis of 2D molecular materials using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Mrđenović Dušan , Cai Zhen-Feng , Pandey Yashashwa , Bartolomeo Giovanni Luca , Zenobi Renato , Kumar Naresh
Published: December 2022

Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) has emerged as a powerful tool for correlative topographical and chemical imaging at the nanoscale. Herein, we examine the recent progress in the application of TERS to study two-dimensional molecular materials.
Self-healing system of superhydrophobic surfaces inspired from and beyond nature
Authors: Li Zijie , Guo Zhiguang
Published: December 2022

Herein, the preparation and healing mechanism of self-healing superhydrophobic materials are comprehensively described, in order to provide a reference for further development of superhydrophobic surfaces in the future.
A Ti3C2Tx MXene cathode and redox-active electrolyte based flexible Zn-ion microsupercapacitor for integrated pressure sensing application
Authors: Liu Weijia , Li La , Shen Guozhen
Published: December 2022

A high-performance and flexible Zn-ion hybrid MSC with Ti3C2Tx–DMSO cathodes and a redox-active electrolyte was fabricated by a facile spray coating approach, and it can be used as a stable power source to drive a Ti3C2Tx based pressure sensor.
Exploiting multivalency and cooperativity of gold nanoparticles for binding phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate at sub-nanomolar concentrations
Authors: della Sala Flavio , Ceresara Elisa , Micheli Fabrizio , Fontana Stefano , Prins Leonard J. , Scrimin Paolo
Published: December 2022

Zn(ii)-functionalized gold nanoparticles selectively bind the lipophilic, polyanionic biomarker PIP3 (orange) vs. hydrophilic ones, such as IP3 (red), with promising application in its extraction from biological fluids.
TBHP-mediated photochemical coupling/cyclization ofN-arylacrylamides with thiols
Authors: Qu Zhonghua , Ji Xiaochen , Tian Lin , Mao Guojiang , Deng Guo-Jun , Huang Huawen
Published: December 2022

TBHP-mediated thiyl couplings: A mild and metal-free visible-light-induced system allows sequential thiolation/cyclization ofN-aryl acrylamides and mercaptans and provides an access to thionated oxindoles with potential biological activity.
Net anionic poly(β-amino ester)s: synthesis, pH-dependent behavior, and complexation with cationic cargo
Authors: Kuenen Mara K. , Cuomo Alexa M. , Gray Vincent P. , Letteri Rachel A.
Published: December 2022

Traditionally-cationic poly(β-amino ester)s with two anionic sulfonate groups per tertiary amine display non-monotonic solution behavior as a function of pH.
Synthesis of fluorescent poly(silyl indole)s via borane-catalyzed C–H silylation of indoles
Authors: Zhang Sutao , Han Yuxi , He Jianghua , Zhang Yuetao
Published: December 2022

A metal-free B(C6F5)3-catalyzed step-growth polymerization strategy is developed for the synthesis of fluorescent poly(silyl indole)s with novel polymeric frameworks through the regioselective dehydrogenation silylation of indoles.
An advanced medium-entropy substituted tunnel-type Na0.44MnO2cathode for high-performance sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Chen Jiawu , Hou Zhiguo , Zhang Lei , Mao Wutao , Zhang Tianwen , Zhang Xueqian , Qian Yitai
Published: December 2022

NMO-1 exhibits good electrochemical performance, with a capacity retention of more than 80% after 2000 cycles at a rate of 10C between 2 and 4 V. The suggested approach of medium-entropy substitution offers insight into the design of high-energy Na-ion cathode materials.
Room-temperature bistability in a cobalt-octacyanidotungstate framework showing a charge-transfer phase transition with a red-blue color change
Authors: Nakamura Kazuki , Nakabayashi Koji , Imoto Kenta , Ohkoshi Shin-ichi
Published: December 2022

A cyanido-bridged Co–W assembly showing a charge transfer–induced phase transition realized room temperature bistability and red-blue drastic color change.
A synergistic {Cu2-W12O40} catalyst with high conversion for homo-coupling of terminal alkynes
Authors: Jiang Zhan-Guo , Zeng Hui-Min , Zhang Xiangyu , Tan Yuan , Lan You-Zhao , Wang Yu , Long De-Liang , Cronin Leroy , Zhan Cai-Hong
Published: December 2022

The 2D {[Cu2(OAc)4]2(W12O40)}n network with unique Cu-POM synergistic cooperation to lead alkyne C–H activation is a super efficient catalyst with high conversion in homo-coupling of terminal alkynes.
Photoredox-catalyzed intermolecular azidosulfonylation of alkenes with DABCO·(SO2)2, trimethylsilyl azide and thianthrenium salts
Authors: Ma Huiling , Li Yanzhi , Wang Peiqi , Ye Jiamin , Zhang Jun , Liu Gang , Wu Jie
Published: December 2022

Synthesis of β-azido alkylsulfones through a photoredox-catalyzed azido sulfonylation of alkenes with DABCO·(SO2)2, trimethylsilyl azide and alkyl thianthrenium salts is developed.
Rhodium-catalyzed aminoacylation of alkenes via carbonylative C–H activation toward poly(hetero)cyclic alkylarylketones
Authors: Yang Chao , Shi Lijun , Wang Wenlong , Xia Ji-Bao , Li Fuwei
Published: December 2022

This work discloses the facile construction of polyheterocyclic alkylarylketones by the rhodium-catalyzed carbonylative aminoacylation of alkenes involving C–H activation, which provides molecules as candidates for the screening of antitumor agents.
Copper-catalyzed oxidative selective cyclization/C–N cross-coupling of two tryptamines to access 3a-tryptamine-pyrroloindolines
Authors: Ren Hai , Wu Ying-Ai , Song Jun-Rong , Wu Wei , Yang Xiaoyan , Shi Jun , Pan Wei-Dong
Published: December 2022

We report the highly selective copper-catalyzed oxidative cyclization/C–N cross-coupling of two tryptamines to access a new molecular indole-linked-pyrroloindoline framework.
Identification of new inhibitors of NS5 from dengue virus using saturation transfer difference (STD-NMR) and molecular docking studies
Authors: Ullah Asmat , Atia-tul-Wahab  , Gong Peng , Khan Abdul Mateen , Choudhary M. Iqbal
Published: December 2022

This article presents results obtained from STD-NMR and molecular docking studies to examine the interaction of US-FDA approved drugs as well as natural compounds against the NS5 protein from dengue virus.
Tunable electronic properties and related functional devices for ferroelectric In2Se3/MoSSe van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Zhang Y. , Deng X. Q. , Jing Q. , Zhang Z. H. , Ding X.
Published: December 2022

In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted increasing attraction in a number of scientific research fields.
Enhanced adsorption capacity of activated carbon over thermal oxidation treatment for methylene blue removal: kinetics, equilibrium, thermodynamic, and reusability studies
Authors: Kurnia Irwan , Karnjanakom Surachai , Irkham Irkham , Haryono Haryono , Situmorang Yohanes Andre , Indarto Antonius , Noviyanti Atiek Rostika , Hartati Yeni Wahyuni , Guan Guoqing
Published: December 2022

Thermal air oxidation enhances the adsorption capacity of steam-activated carbon coconut shell (SACCS) on MB removal and recovers the adsorption ability of the spent SACCS treated at 350 °C.
Catalyst-free synthesis of low-temperature thermally actuated shape memory polyurethanes with modified biobased plasticizers
Authors: Ali Basharat , Atif Muhammad , Perviaz Muhammad , Irshad Adnan , Abdullah Muhammad , Mobeen Muhammad Ahmad
Published: December 2022

Recent years have seen research into developing specific application-based materials with particular components.
Catalytic performance of tridentate versus bidentate Co(ii) complexes supported by Schiff base ligands in vinyl addition polymerization of norbornene
Authors: Kim Kyeonghun , Nayab Saira , Cho Yerim , Jung Hyewon , Yeo Hyeonuk , Lee Hyosun , Lee Sang-Ho
Published: December 2022

A series of Co(ii) complexes supported by Schiff base ligands were designed and synthesized. A distorted tetrahedral geometry of [LCCoCl2] showed excellent catalytic activity at 25 °C (99% yield).
Sulfamic acid grafted to cross-linked chitosan by dendritic units: a bio-based, highly efficient and heterogeneous organocatalyst for green synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazoline derivatives
Authors: Valiey Ehsan , Dekamin Mohammad G. , Bondarian Shirin
Published: December 2022

Novel chitosan cross-linked by a G1 dendrimer terminated by sulfamic acid groups (CS-TDI-Me-TDI-NHSO3H) was prepared. The catalytic activity of the multifunctional CS-TDI-Me-TDI-NHSO3H solid acid was demonstrated for the preparation of 2,3-dihydroquinazoline derivatives under green conditions.
Active learning of chemical reaction networksviaprobabilistic graphical models and Boolean reaction circuits
Authors: Cohen Maximilian , Goculdas Tejas , Vlachos Dionisios G.
Published: December 2022

Reaction networks are identified with active learning design of experiments using Bayesian statistics and Boolean principles in a generalizable methodology.
Tumor identification via in vivo portable Raman detection of sialic acid with a dual gold nanoprobe system
Authors: Wang Yuru , Yang Yuanjiao , Guo Jingxing , Ju Huangxian , Chen Yunlong
Published: December 2022

A dual gold nanoprobe system was designed for in vivo portable Raman detection of sialic acid for tumor identification.
A bioinspired, one-step total synthesis of peshawaraquinone
Authors: Vieira de Castro Tomás , Huang David M. , Sumby Christopher J. , Lawrence Andrew L. , George Jonathan H.
Published: December 2022

A new proposal for the biosynthesis of peshawaraquinone via the unsymmetrical dimerization of dehydro-α-lapachone led to its total synthesis in one step from inexpensive starting materials.
Catalyst-free synthesis of diverse fluorescent polyoxadiazoles for the facile formation and morphology visualization of microporous films and cell imaging
Authors: Xie Junyao , Niu Niu , Fu Xinyao , Su Xiang , Wang Dong , Qin Anjun , Han Ting , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: December 2022

A catalyst-free multicomponent polymerization method was developed toward fluorescent polyoxadiazoles with diversified topological structures and applications in the facile formation and morphology visualization of microporous films and cell imaging.
Synthesis of 3-borylated cyclobutanols from epihalohydrins or epoxy alcohol derivatives
Authors: McDonald Tyler R. , Rousseaux Sophie A. L.
Published: December 2022

A new approach for the synthesis of 3-borylated cyclobutanolsviaa formal [3 + 1]-cycloaddition using readily accessible 1,1-diborylalkanes and epihalohydrins or epoxy alcohol derivatives is reported.
An unusual autocatalysis with an air-stable Pd complex to promote enantioselective synthesis of Si-stereogenic enynes
Authors: Ling Fang-Ying , Ye Fei , Fang Xiao-Jun , Zhou Xiao-Hua , Huang Wei-Sheng , Xu Zheng , Xu Li-Wen
Published: December 2022

A highly enantioselective palladium-catalyzed hydrosilylation of 1,3-diynes with dihydrosilanes was established for the facile preparation of Si-stereogenic enynes and an enyne-linked chiral polymer (polyenyne) in good yields with excellent ees.
Streptocyanine as an activation mode of amine catalysis for the conversion of pyridine rings to benzene rings
Authors: Morofuji Tatsuya , Nagai Shota , Watanabe Airi , Inagawa Kota , Kano Naokazu
Published: December 2022

We report conjugated methine compounds generated from N-arylpyridiniums and amines; streptocyanines can be used as a new activation mode for amine catalysis and applied to the conversion of pyridine rings to benzene rings.
Visible-light-induced selective defluoroalkylations of polyfluoroarenes with alcohols
Authors: Xu Wengang , Shao Qi , Xia Congjian , Zhang Qiao , Xu Yadi , Liu Yingguo , Wu Mingbo
Published: December 2022

A green and feasible synthetic protocol for α-polyfluoroarylalcohols was developed with polyfluoroarenes and alcohols via Lewis acid-assisted synergistic photoredox and hydrogen-atom transfer catalysis under batch or flow conditions.
Effect of polyunsaturated free fatty acids on the membrane fusion mechanism
Authors: Joardar Ankita , Pandia Swaratmika , Chakraborty Hirak
Published: December 2022

Our work demonstrates the interesting effect of linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids on the depth-dependent membrane organization, dynamics, and fusion mechanism.
Steering selectivity in the detection of exhaled biomarkers over oxide nanofibers dispersed with noble metals
Authors: Park Seyeon , Lim Yunsung , Oh DongHwan , Ahn Jaewan , Park Chungseong , Kim Minhyun , Jung WooChul , Kim Jihan , Kim Il-Doo
Published: December 2022

We systematically study the explicit roles of noble metal catalysts in steering the gas selectivity of metal oxides toward specific target analytes by using highly dispersed catalysts on In2O3 nanofibers as a consistent synthetic platform.
Recent progress on bulk Fe-based alloys for industrial alkaline water electrolysis
Authors: Zhou Pengfei , Bai Haoyun , Feng Jinxian , Liu Di , Qiao Lulu , Liu Chunfa , Wang Shuangpeng , Pan Hui
Published: December 2022

Bulk Fe-based alloys have high potential for achieving green hydrogen production commercially by AWE. In this review, we systemically summarize recent development on strategies to improve their catalytic activity.
In vitrobiological evaluation of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) release from three-dimensional printed (3DP) calcium phosphate bone scaffolds
Authors: Jo Yongdeok , Sarkar Naboneeta , Bose Susmita
Published: December 2022

Preparation process of the EGCG-loaded 3D printed scaffold and itsin vitrobiological evaluation for low-load bearing patient-specific bone implants.
Near-infrared light activated photosensitizer with specific imaging of lipid droplets enables two-photon excited photodynamic therapy
Authors: Wu Tengdie , Lu Xin , Yu Zhipeng , Zhu Xiaojiao , Zhang Jie , Wang Lianke , Zhou Hongping
Published: December 2022

A new BODIPY-derived dye with specific imaging of lipid droplets as a near-infrared light activated photosensitizer enables two-photon excited photodynamic therapy.
High-performance oxide thin-film diode and its conduction mechanism based on ALD-assisted interface engineering
Authors: Yeom Hye-In , Kim Jingyu , Jeon Guk-Jin , Park Jeongwoo , Han Dong Uk , Kim Joohyeong , Kim Kyung Min , Shong Bonggeun , Park Sang-Hee Ko
Published: December 2022

With in-depth analysis and the exact conduction mechanism, the oxide thin-film diodes were developed by ALD-assisted interface engineering.
Emerging trends in van der Waals 2D TMD heterojunction bipolar transistors
Authors: Aftab Sikandar , Hegazy Hosameldin Helmy , Iqbal Muhammad Zahir , Rim You Seoung
Published: December 2022

The bipolar junction transistor, has become an essential component for many modern circuits that are used for high-speed computing and communication, which is due to its ability of being able to amplify high-power signals.
Volumetric effects in electrocaloric response of ferroelectric thin films
Authors: Arli Cihan , Atilgan Ali Rana , Misirlioglu I. Burc
Published: December 2022

We develop a formalism for the contribution of volumetric changes in ferroelectric films to their caloric response. Electric field induced strain can influence caloric response not only via the electrocaloric effect but also the elastic effect.
Advances in circularly polarized luminescence materials based on helical polymers
Authors: Li Shi-Yi , Xu Lei , Gao Run-Tan , Chen Zheng , Liu Na , Wu Zong-Quan
Published: December 2022

The recent advances and future perspectives on circularly polarized luminescence materials based on optically active helical polymers are reviewed and discussed.
“Advanced materials” and the challenges on the horizon for testing their (eco)toxicity and assessing their hazard
Authors: Abdolahpur Monikh Fazel , Peijnenburg Willie , Oomen Agnes G. , Valsami-Jones Eugenia , Stone Vicki , Kortet Raine , Akkanen Jarkko , Zhang Peng , Kekäläinen Jukka , Sevcu Alena , Kukkonen Jussi V. K.
Published: December 2022

“Advanced Materials” (AdMas) represent the next technology frontier.
Squat motion of a bipedal robot using real‐time kinematic prediction and whole‐body control
Authors: Cai Wenhan , Li Qingkai , Huang Songrui , Zhu Hongjin , Yang Yong , Zhao Mingguo
Published: December 2022

Squatting is a basic movement of bipedal robots, which is essential in robotic actions like jumping or picking up objects. Due to the intrinsic complex dynamics of bipedal robots, perfect squatting motion requires high‐performance motion planning and control algorithms. The standard academic solution combines model predictive control (MPC) with whole‐body control (WBC), which is usually computationally expensive and difficult to implement on practical robots with limited computing resources. The real‐time kinematic prediction (RKP) method is proposed, which considers upcoming reference motion trajectories and combines it with quadratic programming (QP)‐based WBC. Since the WBC handles the full robot dynamics and various constraints, the RKP only needs to adopt the linear kinematics in the robot's task space and to softly constrain the desired accelerations. Then, the computational cost of derived closed‐form RKP is greatly reduced. The RKP method is verified in simulation on a heavy‐loaded bipedal robot. The robot makes rapid and large‐amplitude squatting motions, which require close‐to‐limit torque outputs. Compared with the conventional QP‐based WBC method, the proposed method exhibits high adaptability to rough planning, which implies much less user interference in the robot's motion planning. Furthermore, like the MPC, the proposed method can prepare for upcoming motions in advance but requires much less computation time.
Multi‐objective optimal design for AC filters in high voltage direct current system based on improved multi‐objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition
Authors: Shi Fan , Wang Honghua , Lu Tianhang , Huang Jiawei , Wang Chengliang
Published: December 2022

A triple‐objective optimal design method for AC filters in high voltage direct current (HVDC) system based on an improved multi‐objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D) is proposed. A triple‐objective optimisation mathematical model including total harmonic distortion (THD) on AC side voltage, investment cost of AC filters and telephone harmonic form factor (THFF) is established. An improved MOEA/D is proposed to realise the triple‐objective optimal design for AC filters more efficiently. The improved MOEA/D adds a particular mutation operator, which can not only to prevent MOEA/D from getting stuck at local optimum but also accelerate the convergence to the optimum solution while the algorithm approaches the neighbourhood of the optimum solution. A three‐dimensional fuzzy evaluation system is designed to select the optimum solution of the triple‐objective optimisation. A case of ±500 kV HVDC system is simulated. Taking the ±500 kV HVDC system as the prototype system, a dynamic simulation experimental platform of the rectification system of the direct current transmission system with AC filters is designed and established based on the similarity principle. Both the simulation and experimental results verify that the proposed method have excellent performance.
Real‐time video anomaly detection for smart surveillance
Authors: Ali Manal Mostafa
Published: December 2022

Human monitoring of surveillance cameras for anomaly detection may be a monotonous task as it requires constant attention to judge if the captured activities are anomalous or suspicious. This paper exploits background subtraction (BS), convolutional autoencoder, and object detection for a fully automated surveillance system. BS was performed by modelling each pixel as a mixture of Gaussians (MoG) to concatenate only the higher‐order learning in the foreground. Next, the foreground objects are fed to the convolutional autoencoders to filter out abnormal events from normal ones and automatically identify signs of threat and violence in real time. Then, object detection is introduced on the entire scene and the region of interest is highlighted with a bounding box to minimize human intervention in video stream processing. At recognition time, the network generates an alarm for the presence of an anomaly to notify of the identification of potentially suspicious actions. Finally, the complete system is validated upon several benchmark datasets and proved to be robust for complex video anomaly detection. The (AUC) average area under the curve for the frame‐level evaluation for all benchmarks is 94.94%. The best improvement ratio of AUC between the proposed system and state‐of‐the‐art methods is 7.7%.
Resonance analysis of multiple grid‐connected inverters’ series and parallel network
Authors: Li Jianwen , Li Rong , Ruan Xiaofei
Published: December 2022

Multiple inverters are connected to the distribution network with complex non‐linear loads and may interact with the background harmonics in some cases. In addition to the parallel resonance caused by the harmonic current, the harmonic voltage also causes the series resonance. The matching of frequencies of the resonance voltage and current results in serious distortion of the grid‐connected bus voltage waveform, or even threatens the stability of its operating point. A general method to analyze the network series and parallel resonance of multiple grid‐connected inverters is yet to be proposed. In view of this, the authors provide an inverter model and an analytical method to traverse all the resonance points. Two typical control inverters were modelled under the transfer function model, and the defects of the traditional modal analysis method in traversing the series resonance were analyzed. Then, the authors propose to use an improved modal analysis method by adding virtual branches for resonance analysis. The obtained analytical results are consistent with the frequency sweeping results and simulation results, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed method. In order to prove the generality of the proposed method for traversing the series and parallel resonance of multiple grid‐connected inverters, the inverter to suppress background harmonics of the grid voltage was incorporated into the multiple inverters network for case study. Using the improved modal analysis method to traverse the series and parallel resonance, the participation factor values of each node and loop under resonance mode were calculated. Finally, the proposed method was verified by hardware‐in‐the‐loop simulation, and the result shows its universality.
Occurrence rate of hot Jupiters orbiting red giant stars
Authors: Temmink Milou , Snellen Ignas A. G.
Published: December 2022

Context. Hot Jupiters form an enigmatic class of object whose formation pathways are not yet clear. Determining their occurrence rates as a function of orbit, planet and stellar mass, and system age can be an important ingredient for understanding how they form. To date, various hot Jupiters have been discovered orbiting red giant stars, and deriving their incidence would be highly interesting.

Aims. In this study our aim is to determine the number of hot Jupiters in a well-defined sample of red giants, estimate their occurrence rate, and compare it with that for A-, F-, and G-type stars.

Methods. A sample of 14474 red giant stars, with estimated radii between 2 and 5 R⊙, was selected using Gaia to coincide with observations by the NASA TESS mission. Subsequently, the TESS light curves were searched for transits from hot Jupiters. The detection efficiency was determined using injected signals, and the results further corrected for the geometric transit probability to estimate the occurrence rate.

Results. Three previously confirmed hot Jupiters were found in the TESS data, in addition to one other TESS object of interest, and two M-dwarf companions. This results in an occurrence rate of 0.37−0.09+0.29%. Due to the still large uncertainties, this cannot be distinguished from that of A-, F-, and G-type stars. We argue that it is unlikely that planet engulfment in expanding red giants plays an important role in this sample.
An upper limit on [O III] 88 μm and 1.2 mm continuum emission from a JWSTz  ≈  12–13 galaxy candidate with ALMA
Authors: Popping Gergö
Published: December 2022

A number of newz > 11 galaxy candidates have recently been identified based on publicJames WebbSpace Telescope (JWST) NIRCam observations. Spectroscopic confirmation of these candidates is necessary to robustly measure their redshift and put them in the context of our understanding of the buildup of galaxies in the early Universe. GLASS-z13 is one of these candidates, with a reported photometric redshiftz > 11.9. I present publicly available Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) band 6 Director’s Discretionary Time observations (project 2021.A.00020.S; PI T. Bakx), taken to acquire a spectroscopic redshift for GLASS-z13 by searching for [O III] 88 μm line emission in the redshift rangez = 11.9 − 13.5. No [O III] 88 μm emission is detected in integrated spectra extracted within an aperture around GLASS-z13, nor when using an automated line finding algorithm (applying different uv-weighting strategies for the imaging). In addition, 1.2 mm continuum emission associated with GLASS-z13 is not detected either. If GLASS-z13 is atz ≈ 12 − 13, this implies a 3-σupper limit on the [O III] 88 μm and rest-frame ∼90 μm continuum emission of ∼1 × 108 L⊙and 10.8 μJy, respectively. The non-detection of [O III] 88 μm and continuum emission does not necessarily imply that GLASS-z13 is not atz ≈ 12 − 13. It can also be explained by a low metallicity (∼0.2 Z⊙or lower) and/or high-density (at least 100 cm−3) interstellar medium. This work demonstrates the synergy between ALMA and JWST to study the properties of the first galaxies; although, JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy will be necessary to confirm or reject the high photometric redshift of GLASS-z13.
Towards an optimized management of accidents
Authors: Herranz Luis E. , Jiménez Gonzalo , Nitti Francesco S.
Published: December 2022

Nuclear safety has been one of the main research domains in EURATOM programs for decades, and accident prevention and mitigation have drawn much of the attention paid over the years to this framework. In the essence of this interest are designs of reliable systems, accurate methods to estimate risk, and a permanent search for optimizing accident management. This is the focus of PIACE, MUSA, and AMHYCO projects. A fully passive system for decay heat removal in off-nominal conditions based on the concept of isolation condenser is the subject of PIACE. A harmonized approach for analyzing uncertainties and sensitivities associated with severe accidents, particularly with the source term to the environment, is the final aim of MUSA. And finally, AMHYCO is exploring the potential for enhancing the management of combustible gas risk. Despite the project’s diversity, they all will converge on the same outcome: an optimization of nuclear safety from better safety systems, risk estimating methods, and in-accident guidelines. These projects have received funding from the H2020 EURATOM research and training program under grant agreements 847715 (PIACE), 847441 (MUSA), and 945057 (AMHYCO).
Medical applications of ionizing radiation and radiation protection for European patients, population and environment
Authors: Thierry-Chef Isabelle , Cardis Elisabeth , Damilakis John , Frija Guy , Hierath Monika , Hoeschen Christoph
Published: December 2022

Medical applications of ionising radiation (IR) represent a key component of the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases, guaranteeing efficient health care. The use of IR in medicine, the largest source of general population radiation exposure, is potentially associated with increased risk of cancer and non-cancer diseases, which needs to be evaluated to provide evidence-based input for risk-benefit considerations. Efforts are also needed to improve the safety and efficacy of medical applications through optimisation. The EC Euratom programme enhances research in medical radiation protection. The four complementary multidisciplinary projects presented here contribute to (1) improving knowledge on exposure and effects of diagnostic and therapeutic applications and (2) transferring results into clinical practice. The common aim is to optimise use for individual patients, enhance education and training, ensuring adherence to ethical standards, particularly related to technologies based on artificial intelligence. MEDIRAD, SINFONIA and HARMONIC focus on improving exposure estimation and studying the detrimental effects of diagnostic and therapeutic medical exposures in patients and staff using different endpoints. EURAMED rocc-n-roll brings together the results of the projects and the recommendations generated by them to build, in collaboration with the EU Radiation Protection research platforms, a strategic research agenda and a roadmap for research priorities.
Immunoproteomics to identify species-specific antigens in Neospora caninum recognised by infected bovine sera
Authors: Udonsom Ruenruetai , Reamtong Onrapak , Adisakwattana Poom , Popruk Supaluk , Jirapattharasate Charoonluk , Nishikawa Yoshifumi , Inpankaew Tawin , Toompong Jitbanjong , Kotepui Manas , Mahittikorn Aongart
Published: December 2022

Bovine neosporosis is a disease of concern due to its global distribution and significant economic impact through massive losses in the dairy and meat industries. To date, there is no effective chemotherapeutic drug or vaccine to prevent neosporosis. Control of this disease is therefore dependent on efficient detection tests that may affect treatment management strategies. This study was conducted to identify the specific immunoreactive proteins of Neospora caninum tachyzoites recognised by sera from cattle infected with N. caninum, Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium parvum, Babesia bovis and B. bigemina, and by sera from uninfected cattle using two-DE dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) combined with immunoblot and mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Among 70 protein spots that reacted with all infected sera, 20 specific antigenic spots corresponding to 14 different antigenic proteins were recognised by N. caninum-positive sera. Of these immunoreactive antigens, proteins involved in cell proliferation and invasion process were highly immunogenic, including HSP90-like protein, putative microneme 4 (MIC4), actin, elongation factor 1-alpha and armadillo/beta-catenin-like repeat-containing protein. Interestingly, we discovered an unnamed protein product, rhoptry protein (ROP1), possessing strong immunoreactivity against N. caninum but with no data on function available. Moreover, we identified cross-reactive antigens among these apicomplexan parasites, especially N. caninum, T. gondii and C. parvum. Neospora caninum-specific immunodominant proteins were identified for immunodiagnosis and vaccine development. The cross-reactive antigens could be evaluated as potential common vaccine candidates or drug targets to control the diseases caused by these apicomplexan protozoan parasites.
Efficacy of a topical product combining esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel against bedbug (Cimex lectularius) experimental infestations in cats
Authors: Tielemans Eric , Rautenbach Carin , Besselaar JF , Beugnet Frederic
Published: December 2022

Bedbugs (Cimex lectularius) are a persistent nuisance pest for humans and their home environment, and may also opportunistically feed on other mammals, including household pets like dogs and cats. NexGard® Combo is a topical endectoparasiticide product for cats combining esafoxolaner, an isoxazoline compound with insecticidal and acaricidal properties, the nematocide eprinomectin and the cestocide praziquantel. The insecticidal efficacy of this product was evaluated in cats experimentally infested with C. lectularius in a blinded, negative controlled and randomized study. Two groups of 7 cats were formed: an untreated control group, and a NexGard® Combo group treated once on Day 0 at the label dose. Cats were then challenged weekly, each with twenty unfed adult C. lectularius, on Days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28. After close contact with the cat’s skin for 15 min, live fed C. lectularius were collected and incubated for 96 h. The weekly efficacy evaluations were based on a comparison of the number of surviving bedbugs in the control and the treated group after 48, 72 and 96 h of incubation. The model was demonstrated to be robust as in the control group the average feeding rate after the 15-minute challenge was 94%, and as 96% of incubated bed bugs were alive after 96 hours of incubation. Significant live bedbug reductions were demonstrated in the Nexgard® Combo treated group: after 96 h of incubation, the reductions ranged from 80.6 to 88.0% during the Day 1 to Day 21 period, and dropped to 58% at Day 28.
Therapieadhärenz drei Monate nach Einleitung einer nichtinvasiven CPAP-Therapie bei 1078 Patienten mit obstruktiver Schlafapnoe (OSA)
Authors: Koehler Julian , Hildebrandt Olaf , Cassel Werner , Conradt Regina , Mayr Petra , Alter Peter , Viniol Christian
Published: December 2022

Einleitung Die nächtliche kontinuierliche positive Überdruckatmung (CPAP) gilt als therapeutischer Goldstandard einer obstruktiven Schlafapnoe (OSA). Die CPAP-Therapie stellt zumeist eine Dauertherapie mit geringen Nebenwirkungen dar. Trotzdem ist die Therapietreue unbefriedigend. In dieser Arbeit wurden die Therapietreue betrachtet und typische Probleme katalogisiert.

Methode 1078 OSA-Patienten wurden nach diagnostischer Polygrafie (PG) oder Polysomnografie (PSG) auf eine CPAP-Therapie eingestellt. Die Therapietreue wurde nach 3 Monaten nachverfolgt. Folgende Therapieadhärenz-Gruppen wurden festgelegt: 1. gute CPAP-Einstellung und Nutzung, 2. CPAP-Abbruch nach anfänglicher Nutzung, 3. mangelnde CPAP-Nutzung wegen Nebenwirkungen, 4. Abbruch aufgrund fehlender Motivation/geringem Leidensdruck, 5. Masken-Unverträglichkeit, 6. CPAP-Versagen aufgrund fehlenden Therapieeffekts, 7. Umstellung auf anderes Beatmungsverfahren, 8. keine Kontrolle erfolgt.

Ergebnisse Von 1078 CPAP-Patienten erschienen 830 Patienten (77 %) zur Therapiekontrolle. Hiervon waren 450 Patienten (54,2%) in Gruppe 1, 216 Patienten (26%) in Gruppe 2, 71 Patienten (8,5%) in Gruppe 3, 35 Patienten (4,2%) in Gruppe 4, 14 Patienten (1,7%) in Gruppe 5, 3 Patienten (0,4 %) in Gruppe 6 und 41 Patienten (4,9%) in Gruppe 7. Ein geringer obstruktiver Ereignisindex, niedriger CPAP-Druck und tendenziell auch ein geringer Epworth-Sleepiness-Score waren Prädiktoren für CPAP-Versagen. Für die Therapietreue konnten keine signifikanten Prädiktoren dargestellt werden.

Diskussion Eine effektive Therapienutzung von 54% nach 3 Monaten ist ein suboptimales Ergebnis. Prädiktoren für CPAP-Versagen waren Parameter, die vor Therapie auf geringen Leidensdruck der Patienten deuteten. Trotz großer Patientenkohorte konnten keine signifikanten CPAP-Adhärenz-Prädiktoren durch anthropometrische oder PSG-Daten dargestellt werden. Vielmehr könnten Erfahrungen in den ersten Therapietagen ausschlaggebend sein. CPAP-Geräte bieten Komforteinstellungen, die kenntnisgerecht auf den Patienten individualisiert werden müssen. Eine große Auswahl an unterschiedlichen Maskenformen erfordert Erfahrung und Training bei der patientenorientierten Maskenanpassung. Eine 3-monatige Wiedervorstellung erscheint zu lang, um Therapieprobleme zeitnah mit dem Patienten zu besprechen. Telemedizinische Möglichkeiten oder kurzfristige telefonische Beratungsoptionen sollten in Betracht gezogen werden.
Akute Atemwegsinfekte und Antibiotikaverordnungen: Welche Erwartungen haben Patient*innen?
Authors: Wollny Anja , Altiner Attila , Garbe Katharina , Klingenberg Anja , Kaufmann-Kolle Petra , Köppen Martina , Kamradt Martina , Poß-Doering Regina , Wensing Michel , Leyh Mirko , Voss Arwed , Feldmeier Gregor
Published: December 2022

Einleitung Der Einsatz von Antibiotika in der Humanmedizin ist für den globalen Anstieg der Antibiotika-Resistenzen mitverantwortlich. Aufklärungskampagnen, Kommunikationstrainings und Verordnungsfeedback führten zu einer deutlichen Reduktion der Antibiotika-Verordnungen. Basierend auf Daten der Cluster-randomisierten Studie CHANGE-3 steht in der vorliegenden Analyse die Frage nach der patientenseitigen Erwartungshaltung für ein Antibiotikum bei akuten Atemwegsinfektionen im Mittelpunkt.

Methoden An der Untersuchung beteiligten sich 106 von 114 Hausarztpraxen in Baden-Württemberg und Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. 4736 Patient*innen, die von Oktober 2018 bis Mai 2019 mit akuten Atemwegsinfekten in die Praxen kamen, füllten nach der Arztkonsultation einen Fragebogen aus. Die Analyse erfolgte deskriptiv.

Ergebnisse 16,7 % der Patient*innen mit akuten Atemwegsinfekten gaben an, Antibiotika von ihren Hausärzt*innen erhalten zu haben. 13,3 % der Patient*innen hatten ein Antibiotikum erhofft und 5,5 % gaben an, die/den Hausärzt*in darum gebeten zu haben. Der geringste Anteil an Antibiotika-Verordnungen entfiel auf Patient*innen, die die Diagnose eines grippalen Infekts vom/von der Ärzt*in kommuniziert bekamen. Mit spezifischen Diagnosen in Abgrenzung zum unkomplizierten Atemwegsinfekt wurde ein Anstieg sowohl der Anzahl der erhofften als auch der verordneten Antibiotika beobachtet.

Diskussion Patient*innen erhalten nach wie vor häufiger Antibiotika, als es von ihnen erhofft wird. Auf Seiten der Hausärzt* innen könnten die Verordnungen nach wie vor aufgrund eines gefühlten Drucks durch die Patient*innen stattfinden, die sich jedoch so nicht in der Erwartungshaltung der Patient*innen widerspiegelt. Neben einer offenen Exploration der Erwartungshaltung der Patient*innen könnten die Stärkung ihrer Gesundheitskompetenz, eine achtsame Arzt-Patienten-Kommunikation und angebotene Wiedervorstellungsmöglichkeiten bei spezifischen Diagnosen den gefühlten Druck auf Seiten der Ärzt*innen weiter reduzieren.
Tandem-Praxen – Pädiatrische Sprechstunden in
Hausarzt-Praxen in ländlichen Regionen: ein
Kooperations-Experiment
Authors: Beyer Angelika , Moon Kilson , Leiz Maren , Hoffmann Wolfgang , van den Berg Neeltje
Published: December 2022

Hintergrund Die ambulant-pädiatrische Versorgung wird in
ländlichen Regionen häufig von Hausärzten
übernommen. Dies ist in vielen Fällen adäquat,
entspricht aber nicht dem Ziel der ambulanten Bedarfsplanung, die Versorgung
für alle gesetzlich Versicherten unabhängig von Wohnort oder
Einkommen patientennah und gleichermaßen zugänglich zu
gestalten. Eine Idee, fachärztliche Expertise regelmäßig
in die Versorgung einzubeziehen, ist die Durchführung von
pädiatrischen Sprechstunden in Hausarzt-Praxen (Tandem-Praxen). Neben
der Evaluation von Machbarkeit und Akzeptanz dieser neuen
interdisziplinären Kooperationsform wurde untersucht, ob damit der
räumliche Zugang zu pädiatrischer Versorgung verbessert
wird.

Methoden Zunächst wurden teilnahmebereite Hausärzte in
Orten gesucht, in denen der nächste Pädiater mehr als 20
Kilometer entfernt ist. Im Anschluss wurden Pädiater gewonnen, die
regelmäßig in den Hausarzt-Praxen Sprechstunden anbieten
wollten. Zur Evaluation der Feldphase (Dauer: 12 Monate) wurden folgende Daten
erhoben: Eltern-Fragebögen zum Zeitpunkt des Studieneinschlusses,
Ärzte-Fragebögen zu jeder Konsultation sowie Daten aus den
Praxisinformationssystemen der teilnehmenden Praxen. Es wurde ein
prozessbegleitendes Tagebuch geführt. Für die Beantwortung der
Frage nach einer Verbesserung des räumlichen Zugangs zu
pädiatrischer Versorgung wurden mit Hilfe eines Geo-Informations-Systems
Entfernungen zwischen Wohnort und der pädiatrischen
Versorgungsmöglichkeit vor und nach Projektstart berechnet.

Ergebnisse Im April 2019 wurden zwei Tandem-Sprechstunden implementiert,
die im Beobachtungszeitraum (12 Monate) von 192 Kindern und Jugendlichen
(50,2% weiblich) insgesamt 387mal aufgesucht wurden. Die
Pädiater gaben insgesamt 482 Vorstellungsgründe an, dies waren
in 36,9% Impfungen (n=178) und in 14,9%
Krankheits-Früherkennungs-Untersuchungen (n=72).
Häufigste ICD-10-Gruppen: Krankheiten des Atmungssystems (J00-J99:
8,5%, n=41) und Psychische und Verhaltensstörungen
(F00-F99: 7,7%, n=37). Die durchschnittliche Entfernung von der
Wohnung zur nächstgelegenen pädiatrischen Praxis betrug 20,2
Kilometer (Min 0,3; Max 34,8), zur Tandem-Praxis waren es 5,1 Kilometer (Min
0,1; Max 26,7).

Schlussfolgerung Alle beteiligten Ärzt*innen wollten nach
Projektende die Tandem-Sprechstunden weiterführen. Tandem-Praxen
können in verschiedener Ausprägung helfen, dauerhafte oder
vorübergehende Versorgungsengpässe insbesondere in
ländlichen Regionen auszugleichen.