bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uncertain optimization of in-bore launching performance of artillery based on interval method
Authors: Xu Fengjie , Yang Guolai
Published: October 2019

In order to study the uncertainty optimization of the in-bore launching performance of larger-caliber artillery, the interior ballistic program was compiled and embedded in ABAQUS finite element software for secondary development, and the dynamic model of in-bore launching was built. The structural parameters of bore, the structural parameters of projectile and parameters of launching propellant were considered, and the uncertainty was described by interval number. BP neural network was used to construct a surrogate model for the dynamic model of in-bore launching. The deterministic transformation of uncertain objective function and uncertain constraints was carried out by using interval order model and interval probability model respectively. The interval uncertainty optimization model of the in-bore launching performance artillery was established by taking the interval radius and midpoint of the projectile muzzle velocity as objective functions and the maximum chamber pressure as constraint. Multi-objective genetic algorithm was used to solve the problem, and the optimal solution and reasonable interval of uncertain parameters were obtained.
Safety study of cast-in-situ support for double track railway on wide channel beam bridge
Authors: Yu Zhenxuan , Liang Junshun , Jiang Shuo , Li Shixin , Zou Chao
Published: October 2019

Prestress concrete channel beam bridge is a new structure suitable for railway bridges. Due to its advantages under stress, construction and economy, channel beam has been widely used and developed rapidly in engineering construction. However, the concrete track bed plate of channel beam bridge has the characteristics of large transverse width and weight, the stress of inclined wall box girder, complicated construction process, difficult control of concrete crack, and high construction technical difficulty. Therefore, it is necessary to study the wide channel beam bridge. This paper carries out safety checking calculation on the support structure of Bailey beams of channel beam bridge. The results showed that the supporting structure can be considered to be safe. The relevant structural safety design can provide reference to similar projects.
Dynamics similarity design and verification of rotor system
Authors: Chen Lijia , Luo Guihuo , Han Jiaqi , Kuang Xi , Zheng Nan , Liao Xuemin
Published: October 2019

In order to study the dynamics similarity of original model similar to normal model, the similarity criteria and the similarity ratio of the normal and original models for the rotor system were derived by the dimension analysis method. ANSYS was used to numerically calculate the critical speeds, modal shapes and harmonic response of the original and normal models of rotor system. The analysis results show that, for the rotor system, the dynamic characteristics of the normal and original models satisfy the requirement of the similarity criteria perfectly. The dynamic characteristics of the original model can be predicted accurately by the corresponding normal model.
Experimental determination on the critical angle of seismic incidence of curved bridge
Authors: Deng Tongfa , Li Weibin , Feng Ruiwei , Wang Yi
Published: October 2019

The shaking table model test mainly focuses on the study of seismic response law, aseismic performance and seismic damping and isolation effect of bridges with a single or multi-platform shaking table. Basically, the plane principal axis direction is adopted for the seismic input of structural models. Little research effort considering multi-angle seismic input has been reported in the structural model test. In this paper we designed and conducted a small-scale shaking table model test to study the seismic response law of the curved girder bridges with seismic input at different angles, and provided experimental verification for the theoretical method of the most unfavorable angle of seismic input. The experimental results show that the variation trend of component response to variation of the seismic input direction is consistent with that of the numerical analysis, which indicates that the designed device is effective.
Estado actual de los hipopótamos (Hippopotamus amphibius) en Colombia: 2018
Authors: Monsalve Buriticá Santiago , Ramírez Guerra Alejandro
Published: October 2019

En el año 1985, el narcotraficante Pablo Escobar ingresó a Colombia entre dos y seis ejemplares juveniles de hipopótamos que, con el paso de dos décadas, se reprodujeron y movilizaron por la zona geográfica del Magdalena Medio. En la actualidad se cree que podría haber entre diez y treinta ejemplares libres en inmediaciones del río Magdalena y unos sesenta individuos en total en el país. Los hipopótamos en Colombia son animales exóticos e introducidos, y con el tiempo fueron clasificados como especie invasora ya que su presencia representa riesgos ambientales al competir con especies nativas. Algunos de los efectos comprenden la alteración de hábitat, la perturbación de los procesos ecosistémicos y la desestabilización de los sistemas ambientales. Las medidas para su control que requieren la destinación de grandes presupuestos para la captura, control de natalidad, mantenimiento en cautiverio; o acciones socialmente cuestionables como la eutanasia, deberían ser establecidas de manera inmediata pues los recursos biológicos nativos, hidrobiológicos y pesqueros podrían verse afectados por culpa de esta especie invasora.
Determination of volatile fatty acids clearance in intact ruminal digesta
Authors: de Resende João Chrysostomo , Pratti Daniel João Luiz , Barreto-Vianna André Rodrigues da Cunha , Vogas Peixoto Juliano , Correia Guimarães Gregório , Costa Suely de Fátima , de Lima Ronaldo Francisco , Meirelles Fabiola da Cruz
Published: October 2019

Cannulated cows were allocated to a cross-over design to evaluate the technique for determination of volatile fatty acid (VFA) clearance by infusion of marker solution into intact ruminal digesta, and verify the technique sensibility to the variation in the diet. Animals received diet of forage or forage plus concentrate and infusion of valeric acid and Cr-EDTA solution into intact or evacuated ruminal digesta. The total fractional rate of VFA clearance (FRVFAC) was estimated by the exponential decay of valerate over time. The passage FRVFAC to the omasum was assumed as the decay in ruminal Cr concentration and the absorption FRVFAC was estimated by the difference. The total FRVFAC and absorption did not differ between techniques. The passage FRVFAC, however, was lower when the marker solution was added into the evacuated digesta, probably reflecting the destabilization of the rumen environment during the evacuation and the largest volume of fluid observed in animals with evacuated digesta. In conclusion, the infusion of marker solution into intact digesta with homogenization performed by ruminal motility could be usable for the VFA ruminal clearance determination since it seems to cause lesser disturbance in the ruminal environment.
Resultados evaluación genética para producción de leche hasta el día 270 en búfalas en Colombia, 2018
Authors: Agudelo-Gómez Divier Antonio
Published: October 2019

La sexta evaluación genética, para producción de leche hasta el día 270 en búfalas en Colombia, se realizó en colaboración entre la Universidad CES y la Asociación Colombiana de Criadores de Búfalos (ACB). Se usó la información genealógica de 77.602 búfalos y productiva de 34.195 lactancias de 9.969 búfalas provenientes de 15 bufaleras. Para estimar la heredabilidad y la habilidad predicha de transmisión (PTA) de los animales se usó un modelo animal en el que se incluyó como efectos aleatorios: el genético aditivo, el ambiente permanente y el efecto residual; y como efectos fijos: número de parto y grupo contemporáneo. El promedio de producción de leche fue de 989,2 kg. La heredabilidad estimada fue de 0,31, este valor sugiere que la selección puede ser usada como estrategia para aumentar la producción de leche en el rebaño bufalino de Colombia. En los archivos anexos se presentan los listados de los animales (reproductores y jóvenes) con los mejores PTA.
Combining Radiotherapy with Immunocheckpoint Inhibitors or CAR-T in Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Santoni Matteo , Heng Daniel Y.C. , Aurilio Gaetano , Iozzelli Andrea , Servi Lucilla , Fabiani Andrea , Giannini Massimo , Mazzucchelli Roberta , Cimadamore Alessia , Scarpelli Marina , Zaghloul Mohamed S. , Battelli Nicola , Montironi Rodolfo
Published: October 2019

Radiotherapy is considered a second life in Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) patients, mainly
due to the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-Programmed-death (PD)-1,
alone or in combination with anti-Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen (CTLA)-4. Several trials are investigating
the efficacy/safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in sequential or combined strategies
with radiotherapy. Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cells therapy as a promising approach in cancer
patients has opened the way to novel possibilities of integrating therapies. The identification of
biomarkers of tumor response to these combinations represents a challenge in RCC, together with the
research for the best partner for immunotherapy in metastatic patients. In this review we illustrated
preclinical/clinical data on the integration of radiotherapy with immunocheckpoint inhibitors or CART
cells in RCC.
Perinatal Outcome in Women with Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in Rural Tertiary Center of Northern India: A Retrospective Cohort Study”
Authors: Kumar Naina , Yadav Ashu
Published: October 2019

Background:

Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal,
perinatal outcome.

Objective:

To know the perinatal outcome in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

Methods:

Present retrospective cohort study was conducted in the Obstetrics and Gynecology department
of the rural tertiary center of Northern India over one year (January-December 2018) on
205 antenatal women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at gestation ≥28 weeks. All the participants
on the basis of diagnosis were divided into four groups: Group 1 Gestational hypertension;
Group 2 Pre-eclampsia; Group 3 Eclampsia and Group 4 with Chronic Hypertension. Demographic
features, gestational age, the onset of labor, mode of delivery and perinatal outcome including
birthweight, Apgar scores, morbidity and mortality were recorded and compared between four
groups. Statistical analysis was done using software SPSS 22.0. version.

Results:

Of 205 participants, 93 had Gestational Hypertension, 68 Pre-eclampsia; 36 Eclampsia, 06
Chronic Hypertension. The mean age of presentation was 24.96±3.535 years. Average gestation at
birth for group 1 was 37.91±2.38 weeks, group 2: 36.50±3.312 weeks, group 3: 34.44±4.062 weeks
and group 4: 37.97±1.524 weeks. The majority of participants had induced labor especially in preeclampsia
and eclampsia groups with a spontaneous vaginal delivery as the most common mode. 1
and 5-minute Apgar scores, birth weight were lower in eclampsia and pre-eclampsia women. Severe
disease was associated with the adverse perinatal outcome with maximum neonatal morbidity
and mortality in eclampsia and pre-eclampsia group.

Conclusion:

Hence, hypertensive disorder of pregnancy was associated with adverse perinatal outcome,
especially in women with severe disease (Eclampsia and Pre-eclampsia).
Intra-Operative 3-Dimensional Imaging (O-arm) in Foot and Ankle Trauma Surgery: Report of 2 Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Jeyaseelan L. , Malagelada F. , Parker L. , Panagopoulos A. , Heidari N. , Vris A.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Intraoperative two-dimensional (2D) fluoroscopy is the standard imaging modality available to orthopaedic surgeons worldwide. It is well-accepted, however, multiplanar 3 dimensional (3D) CT scanning is superior to 2D imaging for visualising joint surfaces and is now a fundamental feature of the pre-operative planning of intra-articular fractures.

Objective:

We present two cases in which the use of 3D intraoperative imaging and the O-arm® (Medtronic, Minneapolis, USA) led to immediate intraoperative revision to optimise fixation and articular congruity. A review of the current literature is also provided.

Methods:

During the trial period of the O-arm at our major trauma centre, intra-operative imaging was used in the lower limb trauma setting. The O-arm was used intra-operatively in a comminuted pilon fracture and a displaced talus fracture. We recorded all the intra-operative events, including quality of reduction, implant positioning and operation time. Each patient was followed-up for 12 months post-operation and was finally assessed with x-rays and the AOFAS score.

Results:

In both the cases, either fracture reduction or the implant position/usage that was observed with 2D fluoroscopy was revised following a 3D intra-operative scan. No postoperative complications were noted and the healing process was uneventful. X-rays at the final follow-up were excellent and acceptable for the talus and pilon fracture, respectively, with corresponding clinical results and AOFAS score.

Conclusion:

Although frequently used in spinal surgery, to the best of our knowledge, the use of intra-operative 3D techniques in lower limb trauma is sparse and sporadically reported. We present our cases in which the most current innovative imaging techniques influenced intra-operative outcomes without compromising patient safety. We feel that this is a real example of how innovation can positively influence patient care.
Okul Öncesi Öğretmenlerinin Çocukların Yürütücü İşlevlerini Destekleyen Stratejileri Kullanma Yeterlilikleri Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi
Authors: Tuncer Nuran
Published: October 2019

Bu araştırmanın amacı, okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin çocukların yürütücü
işlev becerilerinin gelişimini destekleme stratejilerini değerlendirmeye
yönelik geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek geliştirmektir. Tarama yönteminin
kullanıldığı bu araştırmada, seçkisiz örneklem yöntemi kullanılmış olup, çalışmanın
örneklemini Türkiye'nin çeşitli bölgelerinde yaşayan 285 okul öncesi öğretmeni
oluşturmuştur. Okul Öncesi Öğretmenlerinin Çocukların Yürütücü İşlevlerini
Destekleyen Stratejileri Kullanma Yeterliliklerini Değerlendirme Aracının
kapsam geçerliliği için uzman görüşüne başvurulmuştur. Yedili likert tipi, 104
maddeden oluşan ölçeğin doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda ölçeğin
maddelerinin öngörüldüğü şekilde 4 boyut 8 alt boyuttan oluştuğu saptanmıştır. Ölçeğin her boyutu
ayrı ayrı değerlendirilmeye uygundur. Ölçeğin değerlendirilmesi tek bir toplam
puan üzerinden değil, her boyutu ayrı ayrı puanlanarak yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın
sonucunda; Okul Öncesi Öğretmenlerinin Çocukların Yürütücü İşlevlerini
Destekleyen Stratejileri Kullanma Yeterliliklerini Değerlendirmeye yönelik
geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu saptanmıştır.
Air permeability, water penetration and water absorption to specify durability of eco-efficient concrete
Authors: Juhart Joachim , Bregar Rok , David Gheorghe Alexandru , Krüger Markus
Published: October 2019

The durability of eco-efficient, clinker reduced concrete is a key factor of its performance. In the presented study, different durability indicators of a newly developed eco-concrete composition (ECO) are tested versus standard normal concrete as reference (REF). The tested durability indicators are open porosity, water penetration depth, rate of water absorption by capillarity and two different methods of measuring air permeability (PermeaTORR AC device versus Testing bubble counter). The ECO mix and in particular its cementitious matrix is designed by a combined filler concept substituting Portland cement partially by properly selected limestone fillers of different grain sizes. The approach is based on a combination of particle packing optimization techniques and the reduction of water demand for certain flowability of the paste. Cement content is below the limits of traditional standards while w/c-ratio exceed such limits. While the performance of the eco-concrete in terms of workability and strength is at least equivalent to the standard mix, ecological impact indicators as global warming potential and embodied energy are substantially improved. Durability indicators overall show nearly equivalent performance of ECO and REF. In detail, the resulting air permeability coefficient tested with a bubble counter differs significantly from the coefficient tested by PermeaTORR.
Anatomical and Clinical Rationale for Posterolateral Transfibular Approach for Internal Fixation of the Posterolateral Column of the Tibial Plateau
Authors: Kochish A. Yu. , Kislitsyn M. A. , Belen’kii I. G. , Mayorov B. A. , Starchik D. A.
Published: October 2019

Purpose of the study — to provide an anatomical rationale and evaluate the clinical application of posterolateral surgical approach with osteotomy of the fibular head for internal fixation of the posterior aspect of the lateral tibial condyle. Material and Methods. Anatomical topography research was performed on 14 lower limbs of 8 fresh cadavers. In the first series of research L-shaped plate was fixed on the posterolateral surface of lateral tibial condyle from the examined approach, then preparation was performed and measuring of distances from various parts of the plates to the common peroneal nerve and anterior tibial artery. In the second series the authors prepared histological topograms by transverse sectioning of plastinated specimens from the knee joint area after implantation of L-shaped buttress plates. Prospective observation clinical study included 20 patients who underwent internal fixation with L-shaped buttress plate from the examined approach for fracture of the posterolateral column of the tibial plateau, type 41В by AO classification. KSS and Lysholm scales were used to evaluate treatment outcomes at days 7–10 and in 1, 3, 6 and 9 months postoperatively. Data of the anatomical and clinical research was compared. Results. Compliance with the technique of posterolateral transfibular surgical approach allows to avoid risk of injury to the common peroneal nerve and anterior tibial arthery which on the specimen were always located safely away from implanted plates. All 20 clinical cases demonstrated good visualization of bone fragments and articular surface of the tibial plateau which ensured reliable reduction and fixation by L-shaped buttress plate. KSS excellent and good outcome scores amounted to 50% and 45%, respectively, while satisfactory score was reported in 5% of cases; Lysholm scale demonstrated 55% of excellent outcomes, 45% of good outcomes, and 5% of satisfactory outcomes. Safety of the approach was verified: no injuries to large blood vessels or iatrogenic neuropathies were reported as well as no large hematomas or infectious complications of the surgical wound in early postoperative period. Conclusion. Results of the present study proved the feasibility and safety of the posterolateral transfibular surgical approach for internal fixation procedures in patients with intraarticular fractures of posterolateral column of the tibial plateau.
Mid-term Outcomes of Using Custom-Made Implants for Revision Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Kovalenko A. N. , Dzhavadov A. A. , Shubnyakov I. I. , Bilyk S. S. , Denisov A. O. , Cherkasov M. A. , Midaev A. I. , Tikhilov R. M.
Published: October 2019

Introduction. The matter of the replacement of acetabular defects is becoming increasingly relevant today. In their clinic the authors used custom-made implants with trabecular coating for replacement of defects in the acetabulum where and when it was necessary to ensure extended fixation of the component. Purpose — to evaluate short-term clinical and functional outcomes, osteointegration of porous coated custom-made implants, the overall survival of structural components and to identify the causes of failures and complications. Materials and Methods. During the study the authors interviewed and evaluated radiographs of 48 patients operated from October 2015 to June 2018. The patients were interviewed before and after the surgery using the Oxford hip joint scale, quality of life EQ-5D and visual analogue pain scale. Radiographs were evaluated for a period of at least 12 months for the signs of osteointegration. Results. The average OHS scores increased from 14.9 (±7) to 37.6 (±7) (p0.01). Quality of life according to the EQ-5D index increased from 0.2 (±0.2) to 0.7 (±0.2) (p0.01). The average value by general health scales: before operations — 49 (±17) and 73 (±18) scores after surgeries (p0.01). The average VAS pain score decreased from 73 (±10) to 19 (±19) points (p0.01). Osteointegration was observed in 98 percent of cases. Migration of the implant with fracture of a flange was observed in one case. Conclusions. In the short-term follow up the use of custom-made implants significantly improves hip joint function and the patients’ life quality. Custom-made implants enable primary reliable fixation in case of complex acetabular defects. High rate of osteointegration is observed for custom-made implants with porous coating within at least 12 months. Longer follow-up is needed to evaluate long-term results.
Is the Any Clinical Importance for Separation Congenitally Dislocated Hip in Adults into Types C1 and C2 by Hartofilakidis?
Authors: Tikhilov R. M. , Shubnyakov I. I. , Denisov A. O. , Pliev D. G. , Shubnyakov M. I. , Vahramyan A. G. , Avdeev A. I.
Published: October 2019

The main questions of the study: 1) is there any difference in anatomical features between subtypes C1 and C2 of high hip dislocation by Hartofolakidis classification; 2) are the conditions for performing the THA different and what are the surgical decisions; 3) what are the THA results in different groups? Materials and Methods. In a single center study the authors retrospectively evaluated the outcomes of 561 THAs performed in 349 patients with a high hip dislocation including 32 men (9.2%) and 317 women (90.8%) with the follow up from 12 to 188 months (average 69,4 months). In 326 cases (58.1%) the dislocation was assessed as type C1, and in 235 cases (41.9%) — as type C2. The average age of the patients at the time of surgery was 47.6 (19 to 74) years, for men — 39.1 years and 48.1 years for women. Results. Paavilainen shortening osteotomy was performed in 100% of patients with type C2 and only in 50.6% of patients with type C1, p0.001. The cup was implanted into the true acetabulum cavity in 99.1% of cases with type C2, and for type C1 only in 69.0% of cases, p0.001. Lateral under-coverage of the cup in patients with type C2 required supplementing by femoral head autograft only in three cases, and for type C1 — in 18 patients, p = 0.009. In the group of C2, the mean length of the osteotomized fragment of the proximal femur was 78.6 mm compared to 62.5 mm in patients with type C1. This provided a better contact area between the greater trochanter and the femur and in 92.8% of cases fixation was done by cerclage wires and two screws. In the group of patients with type C1, this option was feasible only in 60.0% of cases. Odds ratio (OR) for fixation of the greater trochanter by a special plate for primary indications in patients with type C1 were 10 367, p = 0.008. Harris Hip score improved averaged from 39.5 points to 83.6, without statistically significant differences between groups of C1 and C2. Early complications included 9 dislocations (1.6%), 8 cases of femoral nerve neuropathy (1.4%) and 3 early infections (0.5%). No cases of sciatic nerve paresis were observed. Non-union of the greater trochanter was observed with almost equal frequency in patients with C1 and C2 types, and revision fixation was needed in 27 patients (6.8%). Revision arthroplasty was performed in 22 cases (3.9%) due to 4 infections, 2 aseptic loosening of the stem, 11 aseptic loosening of the acetabular component and 5 recurrent dislocations. Conclusion. The group of patients with high hip dislocation is very heterogenic in terms of severity of anatomical changes and demands different surgical tactics. Hartofolakidis classification helps the surgeon to select the best type of the surgical procedure, minimize the mistakes and predict treatment outcomes.
Conversational Agents in the Treatment of Mental Health Problems: Mixed-Method Systematic Review
Authors: Gaffney Hannah , Mansell Warren , Tai Sara
Published: October 2019

Background

The use of conversational agent interventions (including chatbots and robots) in mental health is growing at a fast pace. Recent existing reviews have focused exclusively on a subset of embodied conversational agent interventions despite other modalities aiming to achieve the common goal of improved mental health.

Objective

This study aimed to review the use of conversational agent interventions in the treatment of mental health problems.

Methods

We performed a systematic search using relevant databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Cochrane library). Studies that reported on an autonomous conversational agent that simulated conversation and reported on a mental health outcome were included.

Results

A total of 13 studies were included in the review. Among them, 4 full-scale randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. The rest were feasibility, pilot RCTs and quasi-experimental studies. Interventions were diverse in design and targeted a range of mental health problems using a wide variety of therapeutic orientations. All included studies reported reductions in psychological distress postintervention. Furthermore, 5 controlled studies demonstrated significant reductions in psychological distress compared with inactive control groups. In addition, 3 controlled studies comparing interventions with active control groups failed to demonstrate superior effects. Broader utility in promoting well-being in nonclinical populations was unclear.

Conclusions

The efficacy and acceptability of conversational agent interventions for mental health problems are promising. However, a more robust experimental design is required to demonstrate efficacy and efficiency. A focus on streamlining interventions, demonstrating equivalence to other treatment modalities, and elucidating mechanisms of action has the potential to increase acceptance by users and clinicians and maximize reach.
EFFECT OF LEVETIRACETAM ON HEALING OF EXCISION AND BURN WOUND MODELS IN WISTAR RATS
Authors: KH RASHID HUBA , PATIL NAVIN , O BALAJI , TILAK AMOD
Published: October 2019

Objective: Levetiracetam (LEV) at lower doses (50 and 100 μg/ml) has demonstrated antioxidant effect as per literature evidence. Hence, the aim of current study was to evaluate the action of LEV on wound healing with regard to its antioxidant properties.

Methods: A total of 30 adult rats of both the sexes weighing 150–250 g were randomly divided into five groups of six rats each. Excision and burn models were used. The five groups are as follows: Group 1: Normal saline, Group 2: Povidone-iodine, Group 3: Silver sulfadiazine, Group 4: LEV 50 mg/kg, and Group 5: LEV 100 mg/kg. Group 2 served as a standard control for excision wound model and Group 3 as a standard for burn wound model. LEV was given orally and all other drugs were given topically. The rate of wound contracture and period of epithelization were calculated from the initial wound size for all rats.

Results: In both the models, the rats treated with standard drug (povidone-iodine/silver sulfadiazine) and LEV showed faster rates of wound contraction, period of epithelization, and better antioxidant effect as compared to the control and the difference seen was statistically significant (p<0.001). However, the rats treated with povidone-iodine/silver sulfadiazine showed faster rates of wound contraction and period of epithelization as compared to the rats treated with LEV and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The results of the study show that oral application of LEV enhanced the wound strength and accelerated healing of incision and burn wounds in rats. Further clinical trials can be done to prove the effect of LEV as an agent for wound healing.
DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT, AND EVALUATION OF AN ION-ACTIVATED OPHTHALMIC IN SITU GEL OF MOXIFLOXACIN HYDROCHLORIDE
Authors: KONDALKAR GIRISH , DEV ASISH
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop an in situ ophthalmic gel of an anti-infective drug, moxifloxacin (MOX) hydrochloride (HCL), for sustained ocular delivery for the treatment of bacterial infections of the eye.

Method: In the present work the in situ gelling systems were prepared by ion exchange method with the help of various concentrations of gelling agent gelrite (0.08 g, 0.1 g and 0.12 g) and sodium alginate (0.6 g, 0.8 g and 1 g) as viscosity enhancer were added in the formulation; 9 formulations were prepared according to 32 factorial designs and evaluated. The responses were analyzed for the analysis of variance using Design-Expert version 10 software. Statistical models were generated for each response parameter.

Results: Optimized formulation batch F7 (0.12% gelrite and 0.6% sodium alginate) was liquid before addition of simulated tear fluid (STF) and underwent rapid gelation on addition of STF and had given 84.05% cumulative drug release; the formulation was found to be clear, having good in situ gelling capacity, good antibacterial efficacy, having drug content 99.75%; optimized formulation was sterile and showed sustained drug release over 8 h period as compared to marketed eye drop.

Conclusions: From the above results, we can concluded that 32 full factorial design and statistical models can be successfully used to optimize the formulations, and it was concluded that the trial batch F7 (0.12% gelrite and 0.6% sodium alginate) is the best formula (percentage cumulative drug release over 84.05%) and it is possible to formulate in situ ophthalmic gels of MOX HCL using gelrite in combination with sodium alginate for the treatment of various bacterial infections of the eyes.
IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE EXPOSURE ON ADULTS WITH ASTHMA EXACERBATION
Authors: SUTARYONO SUTARYON , HARTONO HARTONO , PROBANDARI ARI , SETYONO PRABANG
Published: October 2019

Objective: Environment tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in the household is dangerous to infants and children. Nicotine residue inhaled in the respiratory tract metabolized into cotinine which has the possibility of causing inflammation which can result in asthma exacerbation. The impact created by the exposure of ETS on children suffering from asthma is the sole objective of this research work.

Methods: A cohort study was carried out among 114 asthma patients aged 12–18 years old at three hospitals from January 2016 to March 2017. Data were obtained using self-reported questionnaires and cotinine urine test. The data analysis was carried with the use of Cox proportional hazard model with 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results: The result of the research showed that 57% of the patients got the trigger (event). The respondents consisted of 61.5% of female, average age of 15 years, 50.8% of upper secondary education, 55.4% of body mass index (BMI) normal, and 63.1% low economic status persons. Median survival for the ETS-exposed group was in a 9th week, while the median survival for the ETS non-exposed group was >12 weeks. Multivariate exposure of ETS with asthma exacerbation was hazard ratio (HR), 2.17; 95% CI, 1.23–3.83, p=0.008 and gender HR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.04–2.85, p=0.035.

Conclusion: ETS exposure in the household increases the risk of asthma exacerbation. Controlling the environment and education of children to avoid ETS exposure should be intensified.
CYTOMORPHOLOGICAL DETECTION OF MALIGNANT EFFUSIONS IN NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMA: AN INSTITUTIONAL EXPERIENCE IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY
Authors: NAYAL BHAVNA , V GEETHA
Published: October 2019

Objective: Lymphomatous effusions of the body cavity may be the presenting feature or develop later as a complication of systemic disease. The detection rate of lymphoma in cytologic specimen is low, especially in the absence of clinical details and ancillary studies. The present study was carried out to identify light microscopic features that are useful in identifying lymphomas on effusion cytology.

Methods: A 5-year retrospective study of all patients with fluid cytology or tissue biopsy reported as suspicious or positive for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in a tertiary care was done. The cytology, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry slides were reviewed.

Results: A total of 27 cases were included in the study. Correlation with the histopathological sections of all the positive cases revealed that the cytomorphology of the abnormal lymphoid cells was monomorphous and similar to those seen in the tissue biopsy. Mercury drop karyorrhexis when present was characteristic of lymphomatous effusions. The detection rates of large cell lymphomas are higher than low-grade counterparts. Non-lymphomatous effusions showed heterogeneous lymphoid cell population and lacked karyorrhexis.

Conclusion: Lymphomas can give rise to effusions. In the absence of resources in developing countries, it is important to distinguish lymphomatous effusion from a reactive process based on morphology. Monomorphous population of the lymphoid cells and presence of mercury drop karyorrhexis are useful morphological clues in identifying a lymphomatous effusion. Further, tuberculosis is a common non-neoplastic process that can be mistaken for a low-grade NHL.
PIPERACILLIN ESTIMATION BY ION-ASSOCIATIVE COMPLEX FORMATION
Authors: GORUMUTCHU GIRI PRASAD , RATNAKARAM VENKATA NADH , KUMAR KATARI KIRAN
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of the study was to develop a simple, validated, and affordable visible spectrophotometric method for determination of piperacillin (PIP) present in bulk and powder for injection formulation.
Methods: In the present method, cobalt thiocyanate (CTC) was used as a chromogenic reagent where it forms 2:1 ion pair complex at pH 2 with PIP which is having secondary and tertiary amine groups.
Results: The formed bluish-green colored ion pair between PIP and CTC is quantitatively extractable into nitrobenzene with an absorption maximum of 665 nm. Regression analysis (r=0.9996) shows that the plotted calibration curve exhibits good linearity in the studied range of concentration (3–18 μg/mL). Low values of relative standard deviation (<2%) were observed indicating that the proposed method is reproducible, accurate, and precise.
Conclusions: As per the existing guidelines of ICH (international council for harmonization of technical requirements for pharmaceuticals for human use), various parameters of the proposed method were tested for validation and can be used method of choice for routine analysis in industrial quality control laboratories, especially in developing countries.
ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL DRUG INTERACTIONS AMONG HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS IN NEUROLOGY DEPARTMENT IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITALS
Authors: DAIS DIJO , CHERUVATHOOR RANJEET AVIS , R KAMESWARAN , RAJAGOPAL SHANMUGA SUNDARAM
Published: October 2019

Objective: This research was instigated to determine and assess the prevalence, severity, type, and the total number of potential drug interactions in the neurology department of two hospitals in India.

Methods: The data were collected from the prescriptions and by patient history interview on a daily basis. The drug-drug interactions (DDIs) were identified using Micromedex® database-2.7 and drugs.com.

Results: The drug interactions were influenced by a plethora of risk factors: Gender, age, comorbidities, length of hospital stay, and the neurological condition. The study was comprised 320 patients, among 196 patients were identified with potential DDIs (PDDIs), and a total of 450 PDDIs were observed. The prevalence of PDDIs according to the severity was major (42.6%), moderate (45.11%), and minor (12.22%).

Conclusion: To lessen PDDIs, the range of medications for the patients must be properly managed, and it is encouraged to remove all medicines without therapeutic advantage, intention, and an indication.
STUDY OF PANEL OF DIAGNOSTIC CARDIAC MARKERS FOR ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: KUMAR ANOOP , SHARMA PREETI , KUMAR PRADEEP , KUMAR ASHOK
Published: October 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study is to estimate the level of creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), C-reactive protein (CRP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) biomarker in myocardial infarction (MI) (troponin T-positive) and compare with normal healthy individuals (Troponin-T [TnT] negative).

Methods: A cross-sectional study on 172 patients involving 100 patients with nondiabetic MI and 72 apparently healthy controls with no history of diabetes and/or MI was done from December 2017 to May 2018. The diagnosis of MI was established with electrocardiogram findings and TnT estimation. Blood samples were gathered and processed for the estimation of CK-MB, LDH, and CRP.

Results: The mean age of the cases was 62.15±7.75 years and in the controls was 61.49±8.35 years (p=0.592). The mean value of CK-MB, LDH, and CRP in the TnT positive group was 111.94±29.59 IU/L, 564.43±110.99 IU/L, and 15.69±4.04 mg/L, whereas in the TnT negative group was 16.36±3.77 IU/L, 223.68±36.23 IU/L, and 6.08±2.02 mg/L, respectively (p<0.0001). CK-MB was deranged in 100% of TnT positive group, and in only 2.78% in TnT negative group (p<0.0001). LDH was deranged in 100% TnT positive group, and in 16.67% in TnT negative group (p<0.0001). CRP was deranged in 4% TnT positive group, and in 0% in TnT negative group (p=0.141).

Conclusion: This study indicated that CK-MB and LDH are sensitive cardiac markers for the diagnosis of MI.
IN VITRO ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF ABUTILON THEOPHRASTI MEDIK. (MALVACEAE) AGAINST EGGS AND L3 LARVAE OF HAEMONCHUS CONTORTUS
Authors: HASSAN MUSHEERUL , RA MIR , JOSHI TRIPTI , AHMAD YATOO FIRDOUS , HABIB HUMA
Published: October 2019

Objective: The present study was carried out to assess the in vitro anthelmintic activity of Abutilon theophrasti stem extracts.

Methods: Simple maceration was employed for extraction. Solvents such as methanol, water, and hexane were used. Egg hatch test (EHT) and larval motility test were employed to check the anthelmintic activity of crude extracts. Concentrations of 500, 250, 125, 62.5, and 31.25 mg/ml were made. Levamisole and distilled water served as control, respectively.

Results: All selected extracts displayed concentration-dependent inhibition except aqueous extracts. At higher concentration (500 mg/ml), stem extracts (methanol, aqueous, and ethanol) showed 74.39%, 72.5 and 70.03% of efficacy in EHT, respectively (p≤0.05). Meanwhile, inhibition of larval motility was seen higher with inhibition percentage of 79.79, 75.65, and 71.28 by methanolic, aqueous, and hexane extracts, respectively (p≤ 0.05).

Conclusion: The presents study suggests active principles having anthelmintic efficacy in Abutilon theopharsti stem.
THE MULTI-ACTIVITY HERBACEOUS VINE - TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA
Authors: KATTUPALLI SOWJANYA , VESTA VAISHNAVI , VANGARA SANDHYA , SPANDANA UPPULURI
Published: October 2019

Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers ex Hook. F. and Thoms is a large deciduous, climbing shrub found throughout India, especially in the tropical parts ascending to an altitude of 300 m and also in certain parts of China (Anonymous). It belongs to the family Menispermaceae. It is known as heart-leaved Moonseed plant in English, Guduchi in Sanskrit, and Giloy in Hindi. It is known for its immense application in the treatment of various diseases in the traditional ayurvedic literature. T. cordifolia, also named as “heavenly elixir,” is used in various ayurvedic decoctions as panacea to treat several body ailments. (Mishra R,) Its root stems, and leaves are used in Ayurvedic medicine. T. cordifolia is used for diabetes, high cholesterol, allergic rhinitis (hay fever), upset stomach, gout, lymphoma and other cancers, rheumatoid arthritis, hepatitis, peptic ulcer disease, fever, gonorrhea, syphilis, and to boost the immune system (WebMD).
NARINGIN ATTENUATES OXIDATIVE STRESS AND PROTECT AGAINST MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY IN DIABETIC RAT
Authors: KUMARI NEELAM , KUSHWAH AJAY SINGH
Published: October 2019

Objective: The relative risk of coronary heart disease in diabetic patients is more than in non-diabetic population. The present study was undertaken to explore the cardioprotective effect of Naringin on ischemia-reperfusion injury in the diabetic model of rat.
Methods: Adult Wistar rats (either sex) divided into six groups. Diabetes was induced by 5 weeks combine exposure to a high-fat diet with a low dose of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg i.p.), administered on the 1st day of starting of the 5th week. Naringin treatment 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg was given simultaneously for 5 weeks. On the 36th day, the study animals were subjected to induction myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery ligation in anesthetizing rat. Serum glucose level and cholesterol level measured before performing of ischemic reperfusion. After reperfusion injury, the animals were sacrificed and estimate change in the heart in the course of biochemical alterations, in creatine kinase-muscle/ brain (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase, lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and infarct size in the heart.
Results and Conclusion: Naringin treatment significantly reduced the body weight, blood glucose, cholesterol, cardiac injury biomarkers, and LPO level and increased in antioxidant (GSH and SOD) level and also significantly increased in mean arterial pressure heart rate, reduced the myocardial infarction size. The present study concludes that Naringin 50 mg/kg being more prominent action to reduce the cardiotoxicity risk in ischemia-reperfusion injury state and increases myocardial susceptibility through having more prominent antioxidant potential properties.
ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF KALANCHOE PINNATA IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
Authors: OPHELIA GEORGE LATHA , HR RADHA , BV SOMASHEKARAIAH
Published: October 2019

Objective: The main purpose of the present study was to analyze the antidiabetic activity of methanolic extract of the leaf of Kalanchoe pinnata in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

Methods: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic and endocrine disease regarded as a serious global public health problem. Albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Group I (normal) received drinking water throughout the course till 20 days. Groups II-IV received alloxan (120 mg/kg b.w) i.p on the 1st day of the study period. Group III animals received glibenclamide (10 mg/kg p.o) and Group IV received K. pinnata (200 mg/kg b.w p.o) for 20 days. The body weight, blood glucose level, serum urea, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, cholesterol, total protein (TP), uric acid, and tissue (liver) antioxidant parameters: Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were measured.

Results: K. pinnata treated rats showed the percentage increase in the body weight, decrease in the blood sugar level, creatinine, TP level, urea, uric acid, and BUN, MDA, and GSH when compared to alloxan-induced diabetic mellitus control rats. Thus, K. pinnata could be possibly employed to treat DM.

Conclusion: This preliminary analysis tested the most promising profile. It seems that methanolic extract of the leaf of K. pinnata improved general, blood serum, and liver antidiabetic agent. However, further studies confirming its potential is certainly warranted.
ESTIMATION THE ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF CURCUMIN AND ROSEMARY AMONG PATIENTS WITH DENTAL CARIES IN VITRO
Authors: AL-SHARIFI EHAN ABDULHADI , AL-MAHMOOD ASIA ABED , AL-MAHMOOD SUMAYAH
Published: October 2019

Objective: The aim is to estimate the effect of curcumin and rosemary as antibacterial agents among dental caries cases.

Methods: Samples of saliva were randomly collected from 40 patients in Al-Furat General Hospital who attended the hospital from July to September 2018. Swabs were cultured on blood agar at 37°C for 24 h and then subcultured in mannitol salt agar and trypticase soy broth at 37°C for 24 h. Different concentrations of aqueous extract curcumin solution (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 1 mg/ml) and rosemary solution (1 g/ml) were prepared and added to the bacterial culture. Later, minimum inhibition zones of the bacterial cultures were determined.

Results: The results showed that there were 25 cases of Streptococcus mutans, 10 cases of Staphylococcus aureus, 3 cases of anaerobic bacteria, and 2 cases of normal flora among 40 culturing swabs of bacteria. Aqueous extract of curcumin showed antibacterial effect with concentrations (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 1 mg/ml) against oral bacteria; nevertheless, these bacteria were resistant to the aqueous extract of rosemary with concentration 1 g/ml.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that curcumin can be an effective antibacterial agent against dental caries disease and its effect increases positively in relation to its concentration. On the other hand, rosemary with 1 g/ml concentration did not show any effect on oral bacteria.
SYNTHESIS, BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION, AND DOCKING STUDY OF NOVEL 2-PHENYL-1- BENZOPYRAN-4-ONE DERIVATIVES - AS A POTENT CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 INHIBITOR
Authors: KIRUTHIGA NATARAJAN , PRABHA THANGAVELU , SELVINTHANUJA CHELLAPPA , SRINIVASAN KULANDAIVEL , SIVAKUMAR THANGAVEL
Published: October 2019

Objective: The inflammation and oxidative stress were related together in the generation of reactive oxygen species, which is responsible for the enhancement of inflammation associated with various chronic diseases.

Methods: The aim of this study is to synthezise and characterizes the flavones (2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-4-one) derivatives and analyzed by their docking hypothetical data as an effective anti-inflammatory mediator against cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme. Further, the evaluation of various in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory studies was carried out.

Results: The 10 compounds were synthesized and characterized by ultraviolet, infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectroscopic techniques. The docking data results of these 10 flavones derivatives against COX-2 enzymes (Protein Data Bank ID: 3LN1) showed the binding energy ranging between −5.53 kcal/mol and −7.02 kcal/mol when compared with that of the standard diclofenac (−6.34 kcal/mol). The in vitro studies suggest that the lipophilic character of the side chain donor, along with the hydroxyl substituted flavones found to have significant half maximal inhibitory concentration values.

Conclusion: Based on these in silico and in vitro evaluation results, these synthesized compounds could act as a promising inhibitor to target the COX- 2 enzyme. Hence, those compounds were effective in the management of chronic diseases by exhibits free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory property.