bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autism-Related Cc2d1a Heterozygous Mice: Increased Levels of miRNAs Retained in DNA/RNA Hybrid Profiles (R-loop)
Authors: Sener Elif Funda , Dana Halime , Tahtasakal Reyhan , Taheri Serpil , Rassoulzadegan Minoo
Published: July 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder, with a highly variable expression of phenotypes (restricted interest or activity and repetitive behavior in communication and social interactions), genes (mutation), markers (alteration of transcription) and pathways. Loss of function of the CC2D1A gene appears to primarily affect the brain, leading to a range of behavioral problems in humans. In our study published in 2020; we found that the expressions of miR-19a-3p, miR-361-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-3613-3p, miR-126-3p and miR-499a-5p were downregulated in the serum samples of autistic patients and their families. Here, acquired non-Mendelian hereditary character in a genetically defined mouse model of autism (Cc2d1a +/-) correlates with the transcriptional alteration of five miRNAs. We seek to test the hypothesis that miRNA levels are varying by changes in RNA/DNA structure during development, thereby creating transcription alteration. Behavioral tests were conducted on the offspring of Cc2d1a +/- mutant and control mice, such as novel object, social interaction, marble burying and tail suspension behavior. Two RNA fractions were isolated from mouse hippocampal tissues and sperm cells by standard TRIzol extraction: total RNA and fraction of RNA bound to DNA in the form of a DNA/RNA hybrid (R-loop). The expression levels of miR-19a-3p, miR-361-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-126-3p and miR-499a-5p were investigated by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. We report differences in the distribution of five miRNAs in the hippocampus between male and female mice in RNA fractions, particularly in colonies of Cc2d1a +/- mice. Furthermore, the number of miRNAs engaged in the DNA/RNA hybrid fraction is generally higher in the mutant pedigree than in the control group. On the other hand, in sperm both fractions are at lower levels than in controls. R-loops contribute to the physiology and pathology of organisms including human disease. Here we report a variation in five miRNA levels between gender and tissue. Our results suggest that the transcription levels of these five miRNAs are directly regulated by their RNA.
Topology Optimization of Quasi-periodic Cellular Structures Using a Hybrid MMC-Density Approach
Authors: Xiao Pengfei , Zhou Chunping , Qu Yongxin , Luo Yunfeng , Li Quhao
Published: July 2024

Porous hierarchical structure has been widely used in engineering for its high specific strength and stiffness, improved corrosion-resistance and multifunctionality. The design of multi-scale topology optimization for such structures has been a hot topic during the past two decades. In this paper, a new hybrid MMC-density topology optimization method of cellular structures with quasi-periodic microstructures is proposed. The so-called ‘quasi-periodic’ means the microstructures in different macro points have similar topology but with different parameters. The key idea is to describe the microstructural topology using MMC and describe the micro layout using the variable density. Sensitivities of the structural compliance with respect to the two types of design variables are derived and gradient optimization method is applied to update the design variables. The presented numerical examples show that the quasi-periodic cellular structures have better performance than single-scale structures and periodic cellular structures. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
AVaTER: A Multimodal Approach of Recognizing Emotion using Cross-modal Attention Technique
Authors: Das Avishek , Sarma Moumita Sen , Hoque Mohammed Moshiul , Siddique Nazmul , Dewan M. Ali Akber
Published: July 2024

Multimodal emotion classification (MEC) involves analyzing and identifying human emotions by integrating data from multiple sources, such as audio, video, and text. This approach leverages the complementary strengths of each modality to enhance the accuracy and robustness of emotion recognition systems. However, one significant challenge is effectively integrating these diverse data sources, each with unique characteristics and levels of noise. Additionally, the scarcity of large, annotated multimodal datasets in Bangla limits the training and evaluation of models. In this work, we unveiled a pioneering multimodal Bangla dataset, MAViT-Bangla (Multimodal Audio Video Text Bangla dataset). This dataset, comprising 1002 samples across audio, video, and text modalities, is a unique resource for emotion recognition studies in the Bangla language. It features emotional categories such as anger, fear, joy, and sadness, providing a comprehensive platform for research. Additionally, we developed a framework for emotion recognition that employs a cross-modal attention mechanism among unimodal features. This mechanism fosters the interaction and fusion of features from different modalities, enhancing the model’s ability to capture nuanced emotional cues. The effectiveness of this approach was demonstrated by achieving an F1-score of 0.64, a significant improvement over unimodal methods.
Evaluation of a Norcantharidin Nanoemulsion Efficacy for Treating B16F1-Induced Melanoma in a Syngeneic Murine Model
Authors: Martínez-Razo Gabriel , Pires Patrícia C. , Avilez-Colin Angelica , Domínguez-López María Lilia , Veiga Francisco , Conde-Vazquéz Eliezer , Paiva-Santos Ana Cláudia , Vega-López Armando
Published: July 2024

Melanoma, one of the most aggressive forms of skin cancer, is also one of the most diagnosed cancer types. While surgical excision of the lesions is the primary treatment for melanoma, not all cases are candidates for surgical procedures. New treatments and complementary options are necessary, given the increasing diagnosis rate. In the present study, a norcantharidin-containing nanoemulsion was developed and evaluated in vivo using a syngeneic graft murine model. Our model contemplates an amputation surgery simulating the standard treatment and the role of the nanoemulsion as a potential adjuvant therapy. We observed a significant decrease in the growth rate of the melanoma lesion in the treated groups compared to the control group, both at the 20th and 30th days of treatment. Moreover, we evaluated the drug bioavailability in serum samples, and the results showed that norcantharidin was detectable in a range of 0.1 to 0.18 mg per mL in the treated groups. Furthermore, histopathological analysis was performed on the amputated tumors, where significant differences were found regarding size, mitosis rate, lymphocytic infiltration, and multispectral quantitative image analysis compared to the control group. The norcantharidin-containing nanoemulsion could be a potential alternative or adjuvant therapy if more clinical studies are conducted. Topical nanosystems can become or complement standard therapies, which is needed as melanoma affects not only in terms of mortality but also the patient's morbidity and life quality.
Grouping Behaviour and Anti-Predator Responses in the Helmeted Guineafowl Numida meleagris
Authors: van Niekerk Johann Hendrik , Forcina Giovanni , Megía-Palma Rodrigo
Published: July 2024

Abstract: Little is known about landbird group dynamics in response to predation. Here, we describe the interactions between the Helmeted Guineafowl (Numida meleagris) and its predators regarding the survival advantages grouping behaviour may provide. Livestream webcam observations were conducted in Madikwe Game Reserve (South Africa) from August 2020 to December 2021. Emphasis was placed on predator–prey interaction and its effect on group size and structure in a spatial framework. Although Black-Backed Jackals (Lupulella mesomelas) are not adept at hunting birds, they might negatively impact guineafowl by curtailing their feeding time during winter with constant harassment. We found that these canids often approach larger and denser groups in the morning and late evenings. Surprisingly, guineafowl most often responded by standing nearby. On the contrary, a higher predator-induced response was associated with the presence of predatory birds, arguably as part of an evolutionary stable prey-predator system. This line of thought is also supported by the lack of a precise defensive mechanism elicited by jackal attacks, unlike those of aerial predators. Nevertheless, we contend that grouping in Helmeted Guineafowl is a defensive strategy to respond to predator attacks while individuals engage in daily activities.
Application of Deep Learning for the Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Prediction of Monthly Total Precipitation in the Boyacá Department, Colombia
Authors: Niño Medina Johann Santiago , Suarez Barón Marcó Javier , Reyes Suarez José Antonio
Published: July 2024

Global climate change primarily affects the spatiotemporal variation of physical quantities such as relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, ambient temperature, and notably, precipitation levels. Accurate precipitation predictions remain elusive, necessitating tools for detailed spatiotemporal analysis to better understand climate impacts on the environment, agriculture, and society. This study compares three learning models: ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average), RF-R (Random Forest Regression), and LSTM-NN (Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network), utilizing monthly precipitation data (in millimeters) from 757 locations in Boyacá, Colombia. The LSTM-NN model outperformed others, precisely replicating precipitation observations in both training and testing datasets, significantly reducing the root mean square error (RMSE) with average monthly deviations of approximately 19 mm per location. Evaluation metrics (RMSE, MAE, R², MSE) underscore the LSTM model’s robustness and accuracy in capturing precipitation patterns. Consequently, the LSTM model was chosen to predict precipitation over a 16-month period starting from August 2023, offering a reliable tool for future meteorological forecasting and planning in the region.
Implementation of a Grupal Intervention Program for the Treatment of Obesity in Children: PinPO.
Authors: COMINO-MONROY MARIA JOSE , FERNANDEZ-GALLARDO WENCESLAO , Gil-Campos Mercedes , ALARCON-ROLDAN MANGELES , CASTRO-COLLADO CRISTINA , LUQUE BARBARA , VIVAS SEBASTIAN , FLORES-ROJAS KATHERINE
Published: July 2024

Childhood obesity is a public health problem and most of the interventions are focused on healthy habits as reducing energy intake, avoiding a sedentary lifestyle and increasing physical activity. However, usually they are based in individual programs, with few structured interventions in health systems without satisfactory results. PinPo aims to carry out an integral intervention in children with obesity, as well as in their parents and caregivers, to get motivation to change towards healthy lifestyle habits. The program contains 9 educational grupal sessions directed by a multidisciplinary expert team. 10 boys and girls, and another group with 10 family members and/or caregivers participate in sessions during 90 min biweekly. Moreover, there is an individual adaptation depending on the severity and comorbidities. At the beginning and at the end of the program, an integral evaluation for health status is developed including anthropometric, nutritional, physical activity, and psychologist and analytical measurements. Finally, a satisfaction survey is carried out on the participants.In conclusion, the implementation of PinPo could offer to paediatric patients with obesity and their families, an integral intervention to treat obesity and its complications. So, there are expectations of achieving favorable results that also allow to optimize its effectiveness.
From Stand to Forest: Woody Plant Recruitment in an Andean Restoration Project
Authors: Piquer-Doblas Marina , Correa-Londoño Guillermo A. , Osorio-Vélez Luis F.
Published: July 2024

The growing deforestation of tropical forests requires the implementation of restoration actions capable of assisting the recovery of biodiversity and functioning of these ecosystems. This research aimed to identify the environmental factors that influence woody plant recruitment abundance and diversity in an Andean forest restoration project in Medellin (Colombia). Data from all individuals taller than 80 cm was collected in 22 plots of 200 m2. The environmental factors selected were edaphic variables, plantation structure, slope, elevation, prior land use and landscape forest cover. A generalized linear model was adjusted for recruitment density, and linear mixed models were built for recruited species richness, diversity and dominance. Woody plant recruitment attributes in our study area were similar to a typical secondary succession in an Andean forest, but planted trees contributed little to these attributes. While recruitment density was affected by slope, canopy closure and landscape forest cover, recruitment diversity was influenced by physical (bulk density) and chemical (pH, aluminum, CEC) edaphic factors, planted trees diversity (species richness and composition), canopy closure and mortality rate of planted trees. We conclude that a good development of planted trees enhances both recruitment attributes, indicating a synergy between active restoration and passive regeneration processes.
ABOUT EVALUATION OF INTELLIGENCE AND RESULTS OF YOGO DIALITY
Authors: Kuklin V. , Ivin L. , Mekhovych S.
Published: July 2024

The fundamental possibility of assessing the intelligence of a specialist and a scientist is shown. The difficulties of creating creative teams are considered. Problems of qualification assessment and determination of competence of employees of various institutions and enterprises are discussed. It is shown that on an intuitive level, people are aware of the value and importance of individuals and their influence on political and economic processes. The loss of highly skilled and highly intelligent workers always results in a loss of weight and influence of the institution that parted with him. Approaches to assessing the correlation between the loss of market value or the weakening of other market parameters and the quantitative characteristics of the performance of leading employees and performers, that is, their intelligence, are considered.
DISCHARGE VOLTAGE UNDER HUMID CONDITIONS
Authors: Shevchenko Sergiy , Ganus Roman
Published: July 2024

The paper examines the issue of the relevance of the implementation of underground substations in the current conditions of Ukraine. The need for such research was proven, and the direction of research in this broad topic was also established. It is noted that the mechanisms of the insulator overlap during rain and when the surface is contaminated and moistened are similar. It has been proven that under the action of voltage applied to the insulator, a leakage current passes through the moistened layer of pollution, which heats it up. Since impurities are distributed unevenly on the surface of the insulator, and the density of the leakage current is not the same in individual sections of the insulator due to the complex configuration of its surface, the heating of the contamination layer also occurs unevenly. In those areas of the insulator where the current density is the highest, intensive evaporation of water occurs and dried areas with increased resistance are formed. The voltage distribution on the surface of the insulator changes. Almost all the loads affecting the insulation fall on dry areas. As a result, dry areas are covered with The need to create recommendations for the use of insulators in conditions of an underground substation (high humidity and pollution) has been established. The methods of calculating the necessary parameters were considered and norms were established, which need to be updated for the operating conditions caused by underground placement.
EFFICIENCY OF COMPETENCE CENTERS COMBINATION IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT BASED ON A GAME-THEORETIC APPROACH
Authors: Chernova Liubava , Zhuravel Iryna
Published: July 2024

The implementation of information management systems in companies and the tasks to be solved for their support were considered. It was decided that in order to increase the efficiency of the support process, there is a need to create a center or centers of competences on the side of the client-customer of the information management system. It was shown that the functional model of a system management with several control centers and one managed entity uses a two-level management hierarchy that implements the necessary management functions and is aimed at minimizing costs. On the basis of the game-theoretic model, the synergistic expediency of combining the efforts of competence centers in the management of a certain object, which is a participant in a hierarchical game, has been confirmed. An arbitrary system with two centers of competence was studied as a two-level hierarchical game. The conditions of antagonism, equilibrium of the game were analyzed, and the effectiveness of strategies of merger or cooperation of player control centers in a system with distributed control was confirmed. It was concluded that in the management of complex continuous systems, the unification of competence centers proves its effectiveness in comparison with individual management and facilitates the regulated process of implementing information systems in companies.
Pengaruh Financial Literacy dan Financial Attitude Terhadap Financial Management Behavior dengan Mediasi Locus of Control
Authors: Pricilla Ani , Yusuf Muhammad , Handarini Dwi
Published: July 2024

In this study, the role of locus of control in mediating the relationship between financial management behavior and financial literacy and attitude will be examined and tested. Quantitative methods are used with non-probability sampling using purposive sample techniques. The research primary data was collected through a questionnaire obtained from a total sample of 71 students of the Bachelor of Accounting, State University of Jakarta and processed using the PLS-SEM technique with SmartPLS 4.0. The results concluded that Financial Literacy and Financial Attitude significantly have a positive effect on Financial Management Behavior. In addition, both variables significantly have a positive effect on Financial Management Behavior through mediated by Locus of Control. This study provides a theoretical contribution to the Theory of Planned Behavior and contributes implications for students, especially in Bachelor of Accounting as one of the graduate competencies is as a financial analyst who needs to have good financial management behavior skills.
Анализ динамики эпидемического процесса COVID-19 в мире за неделю с 06.07.2024 г. по 12.07.2024 г.
Authors: Зимирова Анастасия , Дмитриева Людмила , Иванова Александра , Карнаухов Игорь , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: July 2024

В обзоре представлен анализ эпидемиологической ситуации в странах мира по COVID-19 за неделю с 06.07.2024 г. по 12.07.2024 г.
Ethical Guidelines in Palliative Care for Children: Analysis of Russian Legislation and Methodological Recommendations
Authors: Nozdrachev Dmitry I. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Zamyatin Kirill A. , Korostichenko Ekaterina I. , Balanovskiy Valentin V. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University,   RAS Institute of Philosophy,   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University
Published: July 2024

Palliative care for children is interdisciplinary medical subspecialty, which have some spe­cific ethical problems. This article presents a content analysis and a comparative analysis of Russian legislative documents and educational materials regulating palliative care to chil­dren. A comparison was also made with documents that regulate (both directive and re­commendatory) the provision of palliative care for children in comparison with palliative care for the adult population. We found that the ethically significant biomedical features of palliative conditions in children, in comparison with adults, are reflected in the structure of the normative and ethical regulation of palliative care for children, especially within the framework of the deontological approach widely used in it, and to a lesser extent within the virtue ethics approach. At the same time, it is shown that the consequentialist approach is not very sensitive to such specifics and is quite universal.
Ralf W. Emerson and Aristotle: Self-sufficiency versus Self-reliance
Authors: Zubets Olga P. ,   RAS Institute of Philosophy
Published: July 2024

The history of the Aristotelian concept μεγαλόψυχος (Great-souled) extends over almost two and a half millennia and is the history of the loss of the Aristotelian concept itself. Ralph Emerson belongs to those thinkers in whose views the concept of magnanimity is not acci­dental and significant. The article proposes to see it, first of all, in direct correlation with the image of the Great-souled in Aristotle. The main source when referring to Emerson’s magnanimity is his famous essay “Self-reliance”. It is permeated with the desire to free a person from conformism, following of ideas, norms, evaluations imposed by society. This liberation allows a person to rely on themself and rise to the over-spirit, thus seeing the truth, first of all, about oneself. This desire of Emerson seems similar to Aristotle’s at­tempt to consistently think of man as the beginning of action and the world, as a result of which the image of the Great-souled is born; this kinship is manifested in the affinity of many themes and ideas. Thus, Emerson strives to free man not only from society, but also from their own past and future, i.e. think of them in the actual present, outside of time, which echoes the Aristotelian understanding of an act as an actual reality, as a whole and self-sufficient. Disagreeing with the opposition of Aristotle and Emerson on the basis of their understanding of the role of external goods or reducing it to separated judgments, the author sees the key difference in the following: the Great-souled sets the world of peo­ple, the polis, with his decision-action, he is self-sufficient and one-and-the-only, while the Magnanimous seeks to rely on himself by rejecting society: being primarily a cognizer and not an actor, he does not achieve self-sufficiency and oneness.
Diabetes Mellitus in Geriatri Dog in Paw’s Vet Padang Clinic: A Case Report
Authors: Rianda Teguh , Rahayu Hesti , Sugito Sugito , Erwin Erwin , Rosa T Shaddiq
Published: July 2024

Diabetes mellitus is a common disorder in middle-aged and geriatri dogs. Diabetes mellitus occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body’s cells do not respond well to insulin. Geriatri dogs, neutered males, specific breeds, glucocorticoid treatment and concurrent hyperadrenocorticism or pancreatitis are all associated with DM diagnosis in dogs. A twelve year-old male mix Corgi dog weighing 4.5 kg showed clinical signs of polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and a very significant reduction in body weight. Blood biochemical analysis showed an increase in blood glucose levels up to 847 mg/dL. This dog was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. The patient was given therapy in the form of feed replacement using special diabetic feed (Royal Canin Diabetic food ®) and insulin glargine injection at a dose of 0.25 IU/kg twice a day before meals. After two weeks of therapy, the patient showed good progress as indicated by lowering blood glucose levels to 322 mg/dL and decreasing clinical symptoms in the form of polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia
Ultrasound-guided unilateral versus bilateral erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia of patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Özcan Ayça Tuba Dumanlı , Yılmaz Yusuf , Erkılıç Ezgi , Turan Mustafa , Özcan Erdal , Güleç Handan
Published: July 2024

Background
This study investigated whether unilateral erector spinae plane block (ESPB) or bilateral block is more effective for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Methods
Fifty-four adult patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery were divided into three groups: unilateral ESPB, bilateral ESPB, and control (no ESPB). ESP block was performed with 20 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine at the T8 vertebral level preoperatively on all patients in the unilateral ESP group. In the bilateral group, 20 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine was applied to both sides. The control group received no intervention. All patients were administered 50 mg of dexketoprofen and 1 mg/kg of tramadol intraoperatively. The amount of tramadol used for postoperative rescue analgesia and the VAS score at 0 min, 30 min, 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h were recorded.
Results
There was no difference between the groups in terms of demographic characteristics. At postoperative 6 hours, the VAS score in the bilateral group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p < 0.001). The 24-hour total tramadol consumption was significantly lower in the bilateral group than in the control group (p = 0.003).
Conclusion
Bilateral ESPB is more efficient than unilateral ESPB and can be recommended as a component of multimodal analgesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomies.
How do we measure dysarthria after stroke? A Systematic review to guide the Core Outcome Set for Dysarthria
Authors: Mitchell Claire , Kouaissi Sabrina El , Duncan-Zaleski Martha , Bowen Audrey , Conroy Paul , Whelan Brooke-Mai , Wallace Sarah J , Cheyne Joshua , Kirkham Jamie
Published: July 2024

Background
A consensus study to establish a Core Outcome Set for Dysarthria after stroke identified four key outcome domains that should be measured in research and clinical practice: 1) intelligibility of speech, 2) ability to participate in conversations, 3) living well with dysarthria, 4) communication partners skills and knowledge (where relevant). This study aimed to systematically identify corresponding measurement instruments and to examine their clinical utility and psychometric properties.
Methods
Systematic review conducted in alignment with PRISMA guidelines. Two searches were conducted: i) an update of the search strategy for the Cochrane systematic review of interventions for non-progressive dysarthria to identify instruments used in therapy trials and ii) database (CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Pubmed) searches for all post-stroke dysarthria measurement instruments. Records were screened independently. Psychometric data was extracted from included studies and methodological quality was evaluated using COSMIN and COMET guidance. Assessment of clinical utility followed OMERACT guidance.
Results
Following screening, 19 publications reporting 12 measurement instruments were identified. According to COSMIN standards all 19 publications were rated as having low, very low or unknown quality of evidence. Three measurement instruments were identified as having the most relevant clinical utility to the population, the highest quality of evidence and had the potential to measure some specific aspects from 3 of the 4 agreed domains, intelligibility, conversations and living well with dysarthria from the patient and clinician perspective. These were the Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment II, The Communication Outcomes After Stroke Scale and the Therapy Outcome Measures for Dysarthria.
Conclusions
This review provides a comprehensive overview and appraisal of dysarthria measurement instruments. Many dysarthria measurement instruments were developed for non-stroke populations including progressive dysarthria with limited psychometric data for stroke. Measurement instruments with uncertain quality of evidence can be considered for inclusion with a Core Outcome Set and three have been suggested. There is a need for further psychometric testing of these and the development of new measurement instruments to cover all aspects of intelligibility, conversations, living well with dysarthria and communication partner skills.
Camelidae on the BOAT: observation of a second spectral component in GRB 221009A
Authors: Banerjee Biswajit , Macera Samanta , De Santis Alessio , Mei Alessio , Tissino Jacopo , Oganesyan Gor , Frederiks Dmitry , Lysenko Alexandra , Svinkin Dmitry , Tsvetkova Anastasia , Branchesi Marica
Published: July 2024

Observing and understanding the origin of the very-high-energy (VHE) spectral component in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) has been challenging because of the lack of sensitivity in MeV-GeV observations, so far. The majestic GRB 221009A, known as the brightest of all times (BOAT), offers a unique opportunity to identify spectral components during the prompt and early afterglow phases and probe their origin. Analyzing simultaneous observations spanning from keV to TeV energies, we identified two distinct spectral components during the initial 20 minutes of the burst. The second spectral component peaks between 10 − 300 GeV, and the bolometric fluence (10 MeV-10 TeV) is estimated to be greater than 2×10−3 erg/ cm2. Performing broad-band spectral modeling, we provide constraints on the magnetic field and the energies of electrons accelerated in the external relativistic shock. We interpret the VHE component as an afterglow emission that is affected by luminous prompt MeV radiation at early times.
The 3D trabecular and cortical architecture of the lumbar spine using CT- osteoabsorptiometry and micro-CT
Authors: Poilliot Amélie , Deyhle Hans , Scholz Georg , Gay-Dujak Max , Müller-Gerbl Magdalena
Published: July 2024

Background
Computed tomography osteoabsorptiometry (CT-OAM) and micro-computed tomography (µCT) assess bone mineralization of the subchondral endplates and trabecular microstructure. In the lumbar spine, both bone types were analyzed and the results were correlated to understand their relationship in response to bone functional adaptation.
Methods
Using CT scans of 25 lumbar vertebrae, bone mineralization density of the superior (SEP) and inferior (IEP) endplates in six defined regions (left, central and right, at ventral and dorsal aspects) were examined for CT-OAM. For µCT, these regions were 3-dimensionally scanned and subdivided into six volumes of interest (VOI): the cranial and caudal 0–10%, 10–15%, and 25–50%. Five parameters evaluating trabecular architecture were assessed: bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), connectivity density (Conn.D), structure model index (SMI) and degree of anisotropy (DA).
Results
Across all lumbar segments, higher bone mineralization (p < 0.01) is seen in the IEP (463 ± 131 HU) than the SEP (384 ± 109 HU). The highest density is lateral in the dorsal side regions (SEP: 430 ± 86 HU, IEP: 574 ± 116 HU). BV/TV, Conn D. and Tb. N. revealed higher values in the endplate-adjacent regions than in the core. Cortical vs trabecular correlations (p < 0.05) were found between the mean Hounsfield Units (HU) of the SEP and the BV/TV (r = 0.36) values of the adjacent cranial 0–10% trabecular layer. Correlations (p < 0.01) were found between the mean IEP HU and the BV/TV (r = 0.56), Tb.N (r = 0.54), Conn D. (r = 0.45), SMI (r=-0.63) and DA (r=-0.50) values of the neighboring caudal 10 − 0% layer.
Conclusions
The IEP has the highest mineralization located dorsally and is accompanied with thicker, denser trabecular architecture. The process of bone functional adaptation occurs on the cortical but also influences the underlying trabecular bone. CT-OAM can be used to predict microstructural adaptation within the vertebral trabecular core.
A qualitative study to inform vocational rehabilitation for people living with long COVID
Authors: Parkin Amy , Rayner Clare , Wood Conor , De Kock Hannes , Ceolta-Smith Jenny , Evans Sophie , Tucker-Bell Ian , Winch Darren , Connor Rory O
Published: July 2024

Background
Long COVID (LC) often impacts on the ability of those affected to meet the demands of a work role, known as reduced work ability. This can have significant consequences on work and financial security.
Methods
A qualitative study of individual interviews with people living with LC (PwLC), health-care professionals and key informants (from occupational health, human resources, and managerial positions) was completed in late 2022, as part of a larger consortium study on long COVID assessment and treatment.
Results
Thirty-four people participated in the study. PwLC described wanting to resume working roles despite various obstacles to return to work (RTW) and staying at work (SAW). The most significant obstacles involved making the decision when to return to work, and where there was the greatest disparity between the demands of a work role and LC symptoms, having a pressured work environment to return to, and an unexpected adverse impact of returning to work on health, wellbeing and symptom management. Returning to work was regarded as a positive step in recovery by most of the participants, although this was highly dependent on getting supportive RTW plans in place with accommodations that accommodate the fluctuating nature of LC, work tasks and working hours. Further training and resources around work and LC were identified as needed for PwLC, employers and healthcare professionals (HCPs) delivering vocational rehabilitation interventions.
Conclusion
Further practical support is required to help employers and HCPs plan supportive RTW plans with PwLC that are caring, sustainable and keep people in work safely without exacerbation of symptoms. Using the interview findings, a LC-specific vocational rehabilitation intervention was developed to aid decision making around when to return to work and good practice for accommodations and formulating a RTW plan.
Use of supervised and unsupervised approaches to make zonal application maps for variable-rate application of crop growth regulators in commercial cotton fields
Authors: Andrea Maria Carolina da Silva , de Oliveira Cristiano Ferreira , Mota Fabrícia Conceição Menez , Santos Rafael Carlos dos , Junior Edilson Freire Rodrigues , Bianchi Lucas Monteiro , Oliveira Rodrigo Souza , de Gouveia Caio Marchiorato , Barbosa Victor Gabriel Souza , Silva Marco Antônio Bispo e
Published: July 2024

Background
Zonal application maps aim to represent field variability by means of variables of interest that can further be translated into management practices. Zonal application maps for crop growth regulators in cotton under variable-rate strategies are commonly based exclusively on vegetation index variability. However, saturation by vegetation indexes cannot be avoided by multispectral imagery and dense crop vegetation areas. The objective of this study was to compare zonal application maps for crop growth regulator application under variable-rate conditions via two approaches: (i) relying on field-measured crop height and (ii) not relying on field-measured crop height. During the agricultural season, we developed zonal application maps using an unsupervised framework, representing local variability based on field-collected data, satellite imagery data, soil texture and phenology. Posteriorly, using data from 3 agricultural seasons, we developed a supervised framework to predict plant height by using a machine learning algorithm based on remote sensing and phenology data to test the development of the same maps without field data on plant height.
Results
The results indicated good performance of the machine learning model for predicting plant height, but these predictions presented much lower variability than that found in field conditions. Ultimately, the predictions went through the same unsupervised process to construct maps, but without requiring field-measured data. We tested both approaches in three fields on two different dates each. Fields with intense textural variability provided the highest compatibility between the maps of both approaches. Conversely, the lowest compatibility was found in fields with lower soil textural variation.
Conclusion
There is potential for the use of predictive modelling to assist in the construction of zonal application maps, but the adherence to real patterns of crop growth variability found in the field is highly variable and must be assessed on a case-by-case basis.
Cytoreductive Surgery combined with Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy and Intraoperative Radiation Therapy in the Management of Gastric Cancer: A 10-Year Single Center Experience
Authors: Alaswad Marwan , Arabi Tarek Z. , Alshahrani Asma S. , Sabbah Belal N. , Jaamour Heba W. , AlOtry Abdullah A. , Saleh Tariq W. , Alhosainy Ziad H. , Elkordy Fadwa H. , Elnegali Aya I. , Tlayjeh Mohamed H. , Kseibi Firas E. , Azzam Ayman Z. , Amin Tarek M.
Published: July 2024

Background
The rationale behind the use of HIPEC involves targeted elimination of microscopic peritoneal metastasis, a common route for GCa dissemination, thereby improving the overall survival and reducing recurrences. Moreover, the reasoning behind the use of IORT is enhanced loco-regional control and, therefore, reducing recurrence rates.
Methods
From February 2013 to June 2023, all GCa patients who underwent HIPEC plus IORT during surgery were included in this study. Median overall survival (OS) and disease-free (DFS) survival were used to evaluate the efficacy of this treatment strategy amongst GCa patients, along with the rate of occurrence and severity of post-operative complications associated with this treatment strategy.
Results
The median OS and DFS were 63 and 87 months, respectively. More than one-third of the patients in our cohort did not develop any post-operative complications. In patients who developed post-operative complications, the median number of post-operative complications was 1 (IQR 1–2). Most encountered complications were Clavien-Dindo (CD) grade II complications (33.33%) and no in-hospital mortality was observed.
Conclusions
This complex, multimodal treatment strategy results in a significantly prolonged OS and DFS when compared to other treatment strategies for gastric cancer patients, with no added morbidity or mortality.
Dynamics of Sorption Processes at Physical Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles
Authors: Kurapov Yurii A. , Lytvyn Stanislav Ye. , Didikin Gennadii G. , Oranska Olena I. , Romanenko Sergei M.
Published: July 2024

Scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray phase and thermogravimetric analyses were used to study the dynamics of the sorption processes of ligand-free iron nanoparticles produced by highly efficient physical synthesis, namely, the molecular beam method. The structure, chemical and phase composition of Fe-NaCl condensates with different iron contents, crystallite dimensions (nanoparticles) and nanoparticle surface areas depending on the condensation temperature, which characterize the sorption capacity, primarily for moisture and oxygen, were studied. Finally, the gravimetric analysis method was used to investigate the kinetics of the relative change in the weight of porous Fe-NaCl condensates with different iron contents, depending on the condensation temperature. With increasing synthesis temperature, the nanoparticle size increases, and the specific surface area decreases. Therefore, by changing the size of the nanoparticles at the same volume, we can regulate the ratio of the nanoparticle surface to the nanoparticle volume, i.e., change the properties of the reaction surface and, in this way, the contribution of the excess surface energy to the total free energy of the system. The mass fraction of physically adsorbed and bound oxygen (moisture) correlates with the size (area, surface) of the nanoparticles.
Ceramide and the membrane-fusion activity of LC3/GABARAP autophagy proteins
Authors: Varela Yaiza R , Iriondo Marina N , Ballesteros Uxue , Etxaniz Asier , Montes L. Ruth , Goni Felix M , Alonso Alicia
Published: July 2024

Macroautophagy is a cellular degradation process characterized by the formation of the double-membrane structure termed autophagosome (AP). The process of AP formation is not fully understood, but it is thought to happen through the combined action of direct lipid transfer and incorporation of new vesicles to the edges of the growing structure. Human LC3/GABARAP autophagy-related proteins are known to induce vesicle tethering and lipid mixing in vitro, which makes them suitable for the latter expansion mechanism. Ceramide (Cer) is a sphingolipid previously described to facilitate membrane fusion. Cer has also been related to macroautophagy modulation previously, although its specific role remains unclear. Moreover, the presence of sphingolipids in the AP has been suggested by recent experiments, increasing the relevance of Cer in macroautophagy. The present work has investigated the potential role that Cer could have on the proposed fusion of new vesicles to the nascent AP membrane. Interaction of purified ATG proteins with lipid vesicles of defined composition has been quantified using fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. Our results suggest that, if present, Cer could promote the vesicle tethering and leakage-free intervesicular lipid mixing induced by GABARAP and GABARAPL1, which would in turn mediate AP membrane expansion.
Does perceived caregiver HIV stigma and depression increase adolescent neuro-behavioral difficulties? A mediation analysis in the Asenze Cohort
Authors: Mirti Amaleah F. , Kane Jeremy C. , Watt Kathryn G. , Desmond Chris , Gruver Rachel S. , Munsami Adele , Myeza Nonhlanhla P. , Norwitz Gabriela A. , Davidson Leslie L.
Published: July 2024

People living with HIV (PLWH) often experience HIV related stigma that is, in turn, associated with several negative health outcomes including depression, harmful drinking, and intimate partner violence. Despite knowledge of these proximal impacts of HIV stigma on PLWH, less is known about the impact that Caregivers living with HIV’s perception of stigma has on the health and behavior of adolescents in their care. Utilizing data from adolescents and their primary caregivers from the population-based Asenze cohort study in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, we conducted a path analysis to determine if caregiver depression [operationalized as mental health functioning] is a mediator of the hypothesized association between caregiver HIV stigma and adolescent neurodevelopmental behavior including internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Results suggest good model fit and a statistically significant relationship between caregiver HIV stigma and caregiver mental health functioning. However, neither the direct nor indirect (including potential mediator caregiver mental health functioning) effect of HIV stigma on adolescent behavioral difficulties was statistically significant. This paper builds on previous research demonstrating the relationship between HIV stigma and depression, highlighting the need for continued study of underlying mechanisms that impact the stigma and health of PLWH and others important to them such as their children.
Estimating CO2 Response in a Mixed Broadleaf Forest using the Dynamic Assimilation Technique
Authors: Hu HuiTing , Jiang Wei , Fan Xiuhua
Published: July 2024

Background
Estimating the CO2 response of forest trees is of great significance in plant photosynthesis research. CO2 response measurement is traditionally employed under steady state conditions. With the development of open-path gas exchange systems, the Dynamic Assimilation Technique (DAT), allows measurement under non-steady state conditions. This greatly improves the efficiency and data density of CO2 response measurement. However, the effects of different models in fitting the DAT data have not been extensively verified.
Results
This research was conducted for three common broadleaf tree species (Ulmus macrocarpa, Fraxinus mandshurica, and Tilia amurensis) in North Eastern China. Among the three species, Fraxinus mandshurica is the most adapted to high CO2 concentration conditions. Four models were compared, the rectangular hyperbola (RH) model, the Michaelis-Menten (MM) model, the modified rectangular hyperbola (MRH) model and a non-rectangular hyperbola (NRH) model.
Conclusions
Considering the model parsimony and parameter accuracy, the NRH model emerged as the best choice (R2 = 0.9966, RMSE = 0.1862, AIC=-199.86). This study provides a reference for the further application of DAT in the field of photosynthesis.
Allogeneic transplantation for AML with RUNX1::RUNX1T1 fusion: a time-dependent analysis in a retrospective study
Authors: Hou Chun-xiao , Chen Yu , Liu Yi-zi , Yin Jia , Chen Su-ning
Published: July 2024

The prognostic significance of measurable residual disease (MRD) in guiding allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (Allo-HCT) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with RUNX1::RUNX1T1 fusion in first complete remission (CR1) requires further elucidation. This retrospective study analyzed 246 patients diagnosed AML with RUNX1::RUNX1T1 fusion to evaluate the prognostic impact of MRD following the second consolidation therapy and the effectiveness of Allo-HCT after achieving CR1. Our findings indicated that 64/246 patients (26%) had a MRD reduction less than 3-log post-second consolidation therapy and it is an independent adverse factor for both CIR (HR = 6.93, P < 0.001) and OS (HR = 6.97, P < 0.001). Then the impact of Allo-HCT in CR1 on outcome was analyzed by univariate, multivariate time-dependent model and multistate model. Results suggested Allo-HCT in CR1 was significantly associated with better DFS and OS (DFS: HR = 0.21, P < 0.001; OS: HR = 0.27, P = 0.002) for patients with MRD reduction less than 3-log in univariate time-dependent analyses and was an favorable factor for survival in multivariate model adjusted for MRD and KIT mutation (DFS: HR = 0.21, P < 0.001; OS:HR = 0.31, P = 0.002) without increasing NRM (HR = 0.85, P = 0.75). In multistate model, the 5-year predicted probability of remaining in CR without undergoing Allo-HCT is significantly lower for patients with MRD reduction less than 3-log compared with those achieved MRD reduction ≥ 3-log (5.2% vs. 50.0%). These findings support MRD-directed Allo-HCT to exert a substantial influence on outcomes for AML patients with RUNX1::RUNX1T1 fusion. These results advocate for the incorporation of MRD status in the criteria for transplantation eligibility to enhance survival rates.
Four Loss of Function Pathogenic Variants in ARHGAP29 in Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Vikkula Miikka , Ranji Peyman , Pairet Eleonore , Helaers Raphael , Bayet Bénédicte , Gerdom Alexander , Lopes Vera Lucia Gil da Silva , Revencu Nicole
Published: July 2024

The pathophysiological basis of non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NsCL/P) is still largely unclear. However, exome sequencing (ES) has allowed to associate several genes with NsCL/P, often with reduced penetrance. Among these genes, the Rho GTPase activating protein 29 (ARHGAP29) has been previously implicated in 7 families with NsCL/P. We investigated a cohort of 224 NsCLPs for which no genetic mutation had been identified by diagnostic testing. We used ES and bioinformatic variant filtering and identified four novel likely pathogenic/pathologic variants in ARHGAP29 in four multiplex families. One was a missense variant leading to the substitution of the first methionine with threonine, two were heterozygous frameshift variants leading to a premature termination codon, and the last one was a nonsense variant. All variants were predicted to result in loss of function, either through NMD-mediated mRNA decay, or by truncated ARHGAP29, or by non-translation or abnormal N-terminal initiation of translation of ARHGAP29. The truncated ARHGAP29 proteins would lack the important RhoGAP domain. The variants were not present in the control population databases, and the loss of intolerance score (pLI) of ARHGAP29 is 1.0, suggesting that ARHGAP29 haploinsufficiency is not tolerated. Phenotypes ranged from microform CL to complete bilateral CLP, with one unaffected mutation carriers. These results extend the mutational spectrum of ARHGAP29 and show that it is an important gene underlying variable NsCL/P phenotypes. ARHGAP29 should be included in diagnostic genetic testing for NsCL/P, especially familial cases, as it may be mutated in ⁓2% of patients with high penetrance (88%).