bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synergistic inhibition of the enzymatic activity of aminopeptidase N by divalent metal ion chelators
Authors: Vanderheyden Patrick M.L. , Demaegdt Heidi , Swales Julie , Lenaerts Pieter‐Jan , De Backer Jean‐Paul , Vogel Lotte K. , Vauquelin Georges
Published: October 2006

Membranes of HEK293 cells that were transfected with human aminopeptidase N (AP‐N, CD13, EC 3.4.11.2) and purified soluble porcine kidney AP‐N were used to study inhibition of its enzyme activity by divalent cation chelators. Whereas pre‐incubation for 10 min with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), did not or only weakly affected the enzyme activity, the bidentate chelator 1,10‐phenanthroline produced a complete and concentration‐dependent inhibition of AP‐N. The corresponding curves had Hill slopes of 2.50 ± 0.23 and 2.73 ± 0.01 for soluble and recombinant AP‐N respectively. EDTA increased the potency of 1,10‐phenanthroline till a limit, at which Hill slopes became close to unity. In the absence of EDTA, the inhibition by 1,10‐phenanthroline was only weakly affected by the substrate concentration. On the other hand, competition between 1,10‐phenanthroline and the substrate took place in the presence of EDTA. Similar findings were reported for the related metallopeptidase cystinyl aminopeptidase and point towards a model in which 1,10‐phenanthroline inhibit enzyme activity by decreasing the free Zn2+ concentration. Moreover, EDTA is capable of removing a modulatory ion from an allosteric site at the enzyme, facilitating the direct interaction between 1,10‐phenanthroline and the catalytic Zn2+. Compatible with this model, Ca2+ may bind to this allosteric site resulting in the potentiation of Zn2+‐mediated re‐activation of the enzyme activity in the presence of EDTA and 1,10‐phenanthroline.
Language conflicts in the European Union
Authors: Ammon Ulrich
Published: October 2006

For EU institutions, having a single internal working language – for which English is the only candidate – would be the most efficient solution and, to all appearances, in the best interests of each member state and language community whose language is excluded as a working language. However, for member states from the large non‐anglophone language communities, such a solution seems barely acceptable and, in addition, would not correspond to the EU's official language policy on the preservation of language diversity. This is because “English only” is expected to inevitably transcend the borders of internal institutions and further limit the function of the remaining widely‐spoken languages, especially as a lingua franca and in foreign language teaching. This contribution presents the conflict of interests between the smaller and the larger language communities in having only one or several institutional working languages for the EU and sketches out a possible solution which would serve both political and communicative demands.
Testosterone treatment of female Superb Fairy‐wrens Malurus cyaneus induces a male‐like prenuptial moult, but no coloured plumage
Authors: PETERS ANNE
Published: October 2006

When selection strongly favours a testosterone‐dependent trait in males, and this trait is not beneficial to females, a correlated response to selection in females, which also circulate some testosterone, could slow the rate of evolution in males. Here I investigate whether experimental testosterone treatment in female Superb Fairy‐wrens Malurus cyaneus can induce the testosterone‐dependent sexually selected moult into nuptial plumage, as it does in males. Silastic testosterone implants in females rapidly induced a moult akin to the male prenuptial moult, involving all body areas that are colourful in nuptial males (head, upper back, ear tufts, breast). Moreover, the newly moulted feathers had a similar glistening appearance and morphology as male nuptial feathers. However, the treatment failed to induce production of the blue and black structural colours, and the breast and ear tufts were lighter than the normal grey‐brown feathers of females and males in eclipse plumage. Microscopic and ultrastructural analyses of these unusual feathers could further our understanding of structural colour production.
The Effect of Issuing Biased Earnings Forecasts on Analysts' Access to Management and Survival
Authors: KE BIN , YU YONG
Published: October 2006

This study offers evidence on the earnings forecast bias analysts use to please firm management and the associated benefits they obtain from issuing such biased forecasts in the years prior to Regulation Fair Disclosure. Analysts who issue initial optimistic earnings forecasts followed by pessimistic earnings forecasts before the earnings announcement produce more accurate earnings forecasts and are less likely to be fired by their employers. The effect of such biased earnings forecasts on forecast accuracy and firing is stronger for analysts who follow firms with heavy insider selling and hard‐to‐predict earnings. The above results hold regardless of whether a brokerage firm has investment banking business or not. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that analysts use biased earnings forecasts to curry favor with firm management in order to obtain better access to management's private information.
Phase Formation and Crystal‐Structure Determination in the Bi2O3–TiO2–TeO2 System Prepared in an Oxygen Atmosphere
Authors: Udovic Marko , Valant Matjaz , Jančar Boštjan , Suvorov Danilo , Meden Anton , Kočevar Anton
Published: October 2006

Using X‐ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy it was revealed that in an atmosphere of flowing oxygen in the temperature range 700°–800°C, three new compounds are formed in the Bi2O3–TiO2–TeO2 pseudoternary system. These compounds are Bi2Ti3TeO12, Bi2TiTeO8, and Bi6Ti5TeO22, and all the compounds include Te6+. All three crystal structures were solved and refined using X‐ray powder diffraction data. Based on the results of the phase formation, a solid‐state compatibility diagram is proposed.
Effect of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes on Electrical and Dielectric Properties of Yttria‐Stabilized Zirconia Ceramic
Authors: Shi Sui‐Lin , Liang Ji
Published: October 2006

MWCNT/3Y‐TZP (3 mol% yttria‐stabilized tetragonal polycrystalline zirconia) composites with different multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) contents were prepared by the spark plasma sintering technique. The effect of MWCNT addition on the electrical and dielectric properties of the composites at room temperature was studied. The experimental results showed that the DC conductivity of the composites demonstrated a typical percolation behavior with a very low percolation threshold between 1.0 and 2.0 wt% MWCNT content, and the dielectric constant was greatly increased when the MWCNT concentration was close to the percolation threshold, which was attributed to dielectric relaxation, the space charge polarization effect, and the percolation effect.
Bi4Ti3O12 Ceramics from Powders Prepared by Alternative Routes: Wet No‐Coprecipitation Chemistry and Mechanochemical Activation
Authors: Algueró M. , Ferrer P. , Vila E. , Iglesias J. E. , Castro A.
Published: October 2006

The processing of ferroelectric Bi4Ti3O12 ceramics from powders prepared by wet no‐coprecipitation chemistry (WNCC) and mechanochemical activation (MCA) has been investigated. Dense ceramics were obtained at sintering temperatures as low as 900°C. Exaggerated grain growth was observed for samples from WNCC, but not for those from MCA. Dielectric properties are discussed in relation to the type and concentration of defects, which is smaller for ceramic samples from WNCC. The activation energy of the dielectric relaxation for ceramics from MCA suggests that additional VO•• are present at the pseudoperovskite [Bi2Ti3O10]2− block in this case.
Synthesis and Characterization of Eu3+‐Doped Sol–Gel Silica Containing Vanadium Oxide Nanotubes
Authors: Lu Huijun , Ballato John
Published: October 2006

Vanadium oxide nanotubes (VOx‐NTs), were successfully incorporated into transparent sol–gel‐derived silica monoliths that were also doped with Eu3+. Scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray measurements of the doped silica specimens confirmed the existence of nanotubes in the glass matrix. The influence of VOx‐NTs on the transmission of the sol–gel monoliths as well as the absorption and luminescence spectra of the Eu3+ was investigated. The results imply that the inclusion of the VOx‐NTs increases the turbidity of the monoliths through both scattering as well as absorption. Further, although less well defined in such a complex system, there also appear to be modifications to the local field around the Eu3+ ions that affect the photoluminescence spectra. Although work remains on the effects of nanotubes on lanthanide dopants, this work provides a framework for preparing transparent nanocomposite glasses that are robust hosts to study the fundamental interactions between nanomaterials and light.
Stability and Properties of Brownmillerites Ca2(Al, Mn, Fe)2O5 and Perovskites Ca(Mn, Fe)O3−x in the System Ca2Fe2O5–“Ca2Mn2O5”–“Ca2Al2O5”
Authors: Zötzl Matthias , Pöllmann Herbert
Published: October 2006

Solid solutions of manganese‐substituted brownmillerites and their stability range in the Ca2Fe2O5–“Ca2Mn2O5”–“Ca2Al2O5”‐system were investigated. Samples were synthesized by solid‐state reactions in temperature ranges at 1250°–1300°C. The phase development was investigated by powder X‐ray diffraction and d‐spacings and lattice parameters of new phases were determined. Ternary solid solutions of the hydraulic brownmillerites crystallize in a wide range of compositions (C2F–C6A2F–C6A2Mn–C4AMn–C6A0.5F2Mn0.5–C2F0.83Mn0.17). Brownmillerite, C12A7 and C3A coexist at Al3+‐additions above 66 mol%. Various oxygen defect perovskites are stable in the “C4FMn”–“C2Mn” field. “C2Mn” crystallizes as CaMnO2.8 and “C4FMn” as CaFe0.5Mn0.5O3−x. The other stability fields can be characterized by the coexistence of brownmillerite‐type solid solutions and by different oxygen defect perovskites depending on the amounts of manganese and reaction conditions.
Processing of Cellular Glass Ceramics
Authors: Rambo Carlos Renato , De Sousa Eliandra , De Oliveira Antônio Pedro Novaes , Hotza Dachamir , Greil Peter
Published: October 2006

Commercial polyurethane foams with a monomodal pore size distribution were chosen to produce LZSA (Li2O–ZrO2–SiO2–Al2O3 system) glass–ceramic foams by the polymeric sponge method. A suspension containing LZSA glass–ceramic, bentonite, and sodium silicate was prepared in water and isopropanol to impregnate the polymeric foams by dip coating. The suspension was characterized by rheological measurements. The effect of the solvent on the microstructure and physical properties on the LZSA foams was evaluated. The cellular microstructure of the glass–ceramic foams was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and micro‐computer X‐ray tomography (μ‐CT). LZSA foams prepared with isopropanol suspension exhibited higher mechanical strength under compression than those prepared with water.
Microstructures of Microwave‐Sintered Silicon Nitride with Zirconia as Secondary Particulates
Authors: Feng Qiquan , Chockalingam Sreekumar , Earl David A.
Published: October 2006

A microwave‐sintered Si3N4–Y2O3–MgO system containing ZrO2 particulates was characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Although the starting powder was α‐Si3N4 with Y2O3, MgO, and ZrO2 dopants, the sintered crystalline phases, analyzed by XRD, are mainly β‐Si3N4 with minor N‐Melilites (Y2Si3O3N4). TEM micrographs show that the N‐Melilites are distributed at the multigrain junctions, suggesting they are formed by crystallization from a liquid phase. SEM analysis shows that Si3N4 grains are interlocked with each other. A large amount of secondary phase (13 vol%), containing Si–Y–Mg–O–N elements as identified by energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometer is present in the multigrain junctions and grain boundaries.

TEM analysis found that small ZrO2 grains (d<200 nm) are frequently embedded in Si3N4 grains, while others remain as dispersoids and grains dispersed in the matrix. The addition of ZrO2 as a susceptor for microwave sintering increases the heating rate. However, there appeared to be very minor dissolution of ZrO2 in the oxynitride liquid during sintering. Both tetragonal and cubic Zr‐rich phases were identified by selected‐area electron diffraction, which supports the existence of N‐stabilizing ZrO2. Microwave sintering favored the formation of the Si–Mg–Y oxynitride liquid phase and thus enhanced the dissolution of α‐Si3N4.
Stacking Faults and Stacking Fault Energy of Hexagonal Barium Titanate
Authors: Wu Yu‐Chuan , Wang Sea‐Fue , Lu Hong‐Yang
Published: October 2006

Stacking faults in hot‐pressed hexagonal BaTiO3 (the 6H‐polytype) ceramic have been analyzed adopting the 2πg·RF=0 (or 2nπ) invisibility criteria, and dislocations were examined by the g·b=0 effective invisibility criteria, both using transmission electron microscopy. Perfect basal dislocations with bB= 1/3〈1210〉 have dissociated into pairs of prism‐plane half‐partials with bPr= 1/3〈0110〉 by glide in the (0002) fault plane of an α‐type extended planar stacking fault. Consequently, planar fault FA divided by half‐partials was segmented into the initially faulted regions (FA1, FA3, FA5) of extended planar stacking faults and the complex‐faulted regions (FA2, FA4) of complex extrinsic stacking faults superposed by the stacking fault ribbon created by half‐partials. High‐resolution imaging enables unambiguous differentiation of stacking sequence for all fault segments parted by half‐partials. Change of the stacking sequence across half‐partials reveals the atomic configurations of the faulted regions and the shear directions along 〈0110〉 in (0002). The stacking fault energy of h‐BaTiO3 derived from the separation between half‐partials is compared with data from the literature. The discrepancy is attributed to non‐equilibrium configuration and to the stacking sequence altered in the faulted regions embedded with half‐partials.
Electric Fatigue in Ferroelectric Lead Zirconate Stannate Titanate Ceramics Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Zhou Longjie , Rixecker Georg , Aldinger Fritz , Zuo Ruzhong , Zhao Zhe
Published: October 2006

Ferroelectric lead zirconate stannate titanate ceramics were prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Compared with its counterpart densified by conventional sintering (CS), the SPS material shows a smaller remanent polarization and maximum strain as well as a higher coercive field. Electric fatigue in both materials was investigated. In contrast to CS samples, the SPS specimens show a lower resistance to bipolar electric cycling, characterized by a faster decrease in remanent polarization and maximum strain at cycle number below 106.5 and a subsequent slower reduction of the properties at high cycle numbers up to 108.
Combustion Synthesis, Powder Characteristics, and Shrinkage Behavior of a Gadolinia–Ceria System
Authors: Lenka Raja Kishora , Mahata Tarasankar , Sinha Pankaj Kumar , Sharma Beant Prakash
Published: October 2006

Pure and gadolinia‐doped nanocrystalline ceria powders were prepared through the gel combustion route. Analysis of crystallite size, surface area, and particle size indicates that the powders are agglomerates of nanosize primary particles. The degree of agglomeration increases with increase in the gadolinia content. The shrinkage behavior on firing of the powders was studied using a dilatometer. Although the shrinkage starts at a lower temperature, the densification completes at a higher temperature as the gadolinia content increases. The wider temperature range required for shrinkage in high gadolinia content ceria is attributed to the wider distribution of interparticle pore size in the green compact.
Characteristics of Transparent Conducting Nano‐Scaled Thin Films Based on ZnO
Authors: Ting Jyh‐Ming , Lin Chia‐Kang
Published: October 2006

Different from the common method used for improving the conductivity of ZnO through doping and/or heat treatments, we have used an alternative, i.e., through the introduction of an Al mid‐layer without any heat treatment, to enhance the electrical conductivity. We have investigated a nano‐scaled sandwich structure consisting of two outer layers of ZnO and a mid‐layer of an ultra‐thin aluminum thin film for the improvement of the electrical conductivity of ZnO. The nano‐scaled ZnO/Al/ZnO thin films were obtained using an RF sputter deposition method. A number of different RF sputter deposition pressures were used to deposit the ZnO layers with thicknesses ranging from 5 to 180 nm. Al layers with various thicknesses ranging from less than 30 to 210 Å were also obtained using the same RF sputter deposition system. The optical transmittance and electrical resistivity of ZnO films, Al films, and ZnO/Al/ZnO thin films were investigated and compared. We have shown that the use of an ultra‐thin Al mid‐layer enhances the electrical conductivity of ZnO without scarifying its optical transmittance. Furthermore, the electrical transport in ZnO/Al/ZnO films is believed to be dominated by the electrons in the Al but not by the carrier concentration in the ZnO.
Mechanochemical Activation‐Assisted Low‐Temperature Synthesis of CaZrO3
Authors: Ye Guotian , Troczynski Tom
Published: October 2006

Calcium zirconate (CaZrO3, CZ) was prepared using a solid‐state reaction with mechanochemical activation through vibro‐milling, aiming at completing the reaction CaO+ZrO2=CaZrO3 at relatively low calcination temperatures. Changes in the crystallite size and homogeneity of the mixed components CaO and ZrO2 in the starting mixtures were observed with different milling times. The influence of milling on the incipient temperature of CZ formation and completion of CZ formation was investigated. It is concluded that milling of the reactants for 20 h lowered the incipient temperature of CZ formation from 800° to 600°C, and the temperature of complete CZ formation from above 1100° to 800°C.
Synthesis of Cellular Silica Structure Under Microchannel Confinement
Authors: Chen Haibiao , Lee W. Y.
Published: October 2006

A silica cellular structure was synthesized as a novel means of enhancing the geometrical surface area of a silicon microchannel with cell diameter of ∼10 μm and cell interconnectivity of ∼0.4. Surface‐selective infiltration, assembly, and partial sintering of polystyrene microspheres in the microchannel were used as mechanisms to create a sacrificial template. The polymer template was infiltrated with a silica precursor, and the infiltrated structure was dried and calcined at 500°C to remove the polymer phase and subsequently sintered at 1100°C to form dense silica skeleton. Volume shrinkage and crack formation during calcining and sintering of the infiltrated silica structure were strongly influenced by silica particle size in the precursor. In comparison with free‐standing cellular specimens prepared by similar template methods, the shrinkage and cracking issues offered an interesting challenge for synthesizing the cellular structure which could be net‐shaped into the spatial confinement of the microchannel geometry.
Sintering Temperature Dependence of Grain Boundary Resistivity in a Rare‐Earth‐Doped ZnO Varistor
Authors: Cai Jingnan , Lin Yuan‐Hua , Li Ming , Nan Ce‐Wen , He Jinliang , Yuan Fangli
Published: October 2006

We present a rare‐earth‐doped ZnO ceramic with nonohmic electrical properties. Analysis of the microstructure and composition indicates that the ceramic is composed of the main phase of ZnO and the second phase of rare‐earth oxides (e.g., Dy2O3, Pr6O11, Pr2O3). The average grain size is markedly increased from 3 to 18 μm, with an increase in the sintering temperature from 1150° to 1350°C. The corresponding varistor voltage and nonlinear coefficient decrease from 1014 to 578 V/mm, and from 15.8 to 6.8, respectively. The resistivity of grain and grain boundary evaluated by the complex impedance spectrum indicates that the resistivity of the grain is approximately constant (∼103Ω), and the resistivity of the grain boundary decreases. The relative dielectric permittivity of the sintered ceramic samples is much larger than that of pure ZnO ceramic, which should be ascribed to the internal boundary layer capacitance effect.
Developments in Oxide Fiber Composites
Authors: Zok Frank W.
Published: October 2006

Prospects for revolutionary design of future power generation systems are contingent on the development of durable high‐performance ceramic composites. With recent discoveries in materials and manufacturing concepts, composites with all‐oxide constituents have emerged as leading candidates, especially for components requiring a long service life in oxidizing environments. Their insertion into engineering systems is imminent. The intent of this article is to present a synopsis of the current understanding of oxide composites as well as to identify outstanding issues that require resolution for successful implementation. Emphasis is directed toward material systems and microstructural concepts that lead to high toughness and long‐term durability. These include: the emergence of La monazite and related compounds as fiber‐coating materials, the introduction of the porous‐matrix concept as an alternative to fiber coatings, and novel strategies for enabling damage tolerance while retaining long‐term morphological stability. Additionally, materials and mechanics models that provide insights into material design, morphology evolution, and composite properties are reviewed.
Optical coherence tomography of chorioretinal and choroidal folds
Authors: Giuffrè Giuseppe , Distefano Mauro G.
Published: October 2006

Purpose:  To report the optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings in cases of chorioretinal and choroidal folds.

Methods:  Eight subjects with folds of the fundus of the eye were examined with fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, B‐scan ultrasonography and Stratus OCT.

Results:  Two types patterns were found on OCT. Five cases showed undulating retinal as well as retinal pigment epithelial lines of normal thickness; these were defined as chorioretinal folds. The posterior vitreous surface often adhered to the crests of the folds only. Three cases exhibited a wavy appearance of the retinal pigment epithelium and a flat retinal surface; these were classified as choroidal folds.

Conclusions:  Scanning by OCT can differentiate chorioretinal folds from choroidal folds and reveal the relationships between the folds and the posterior vitreous surface.
Telomeres rather than telomerase a key target for anti‐cancer therapy?
Authors: Boukamp Petra , Mirancea Nicolas
Published: October 2006

Abstract:  It was in the 1930s that telomeres (from the Greek telos = end and meros = part) were first recognized as essential structures at the ends of the chromosomes and were shown to be important for chromosomal stability (Muller HJ: The remaking of chromosomes. The Collecting Net‐Woods Hole 1938: 13: 181‐‐198, McClintock B, The stability of broken ends of chromosomes in Zea mays. Genetics 1041: 26: 234‐‐282). However, it was only in 1978 that the first telomeric sequence was identified – in the protocoa Tetrahymena, a single cell organism that at a certain stage of development has many identical minichromosomes with twice as many telomeres (Blackburn EH and Gall JG. A tandemly repeated sequence at the termini of the extrachromosomal ribosomal RNA genes in Tetrahymena. J. Mol. Biol. 1978: 120: 33‐‐53.). Today we know that telomeres form specialized, three‐dimensional DNA‐protein structures and fulfil important capping functions. Besides, telomeric DNA is essential as ‘‘access DNA’’ for those cells that are not able to counteract loss of DNA during replication because they do not express telomerase, the enzyme responsible for telomere length maintenance. Since telomerase is mostly found in tumor cells and inhibition correlates with telomere shortening and finally growth inhibition, telomerase and lately also the telomeres themselves have become attractive targets for anti‐cancer therapy. This review aims to critically throw light on different therapeutical approaches and comes to the conclusion that telomeres may be the better targets for cancer therapeutics.
Salt‐induced formation of the A‐state of ferricytochrome c – effect of the anion charge on protein structure
Authors: Sinibaldi Federica , Piro Maria C. , Coletta Massimo , Santucci Roberto
Published: October 2006

Structural information on partially folded forms is important for a deeper understanding of the folding mechanism(s) and the factors affecting protein stabilization. The non‐native compact state of equine cytochrome c stabilized by salts in an acidic environment (pH 2.0–2.2), called the A‐state, is considered a suitable model for the molten globule of cytochrome c, as it possesses a native‐like α‐helix conformation but a fluctuating tertiary structure. In this article, we extend our knowledge on anion‐induced protein stabilization by determining the effect of anions carrying a double negative charge; unlike monovalent anions (which are thought to exert an ‘ionic atmosphere’ effect on the macromolecule), divalent anions are thought to bind to the protein at specific surface sites. Our data indicate that divalent anions, in comparison to monovalent ions, have a greater tendency to stabilize the native‐like M–Fe(III)–H coordinated state of the protein. The possibility that divalent anions may bind to the protein at the same sites previously identified for polyvalent anions was evaluated. To investigate this issue, the behavior of the K88E, K88E/T89K and K13N mutants was investigated. The data obtained indicate that the mutated residues, which contribute to form the binding sites of polyanions, are important for stabilization of the native conformation; the mutants investigated, in fact, all show an increased amount of the misligated H–Fe(III)–H state and, with respect to wild‐type cytochrome c, appear to be less sensitive to the presence of the anion. These residues also modulate the conformation of unfolded cytochrome c, influencing its spin state and the coordination to the prosthetic group.
Relational Database Driven Two‐Dimensional Chemical Graph Analysis
Authors: Wilkens Steven J.
Published: October 2006

This manuscript presents a method for pre‐computing and storing molecular features or ‘‘scaffolds’’ that can be used for rapid clustering of diverse compound sets within the context of a relational database based on hierarchies of scaffold structures. In addition, a method for rapid structure‐based profiling of a large compound collection is demonstrated. Pre‐organizing compounds by shared structural features in this way facilitates the merger of chemical features and biological data within a relational database.
Reflections on Jackson v Attorney General: questioning sovereignty
Authors: Mullen Tom
Published: October 2006

This paper, which is based on a paper given at a seminar held at the University of Glasgow in November 2005, discusses the sovereignty of Parliament in the light of the decision of the House of Lords in Attorney General v Jackson, which considered the question of whether the Parliament Act 1949 and the Hunting Act 2004 were valid Acts of Parliament. The paper begins by explaining the background to the litigation, before going on to summarise the decision. Next, it briefly analyses the preliminary issues of standing and jurisdiction involved in the case, before going on to consider how the political background and political practice affected the decision of the House of Lords on the key questions in the case. The major part of the paper is devoted to a discussion and analysis in the light of constitutional theory of the extensive dicta in the case on the principle of the sovereignty of Parliament, which contrasts positivist and Dworkinian perspectives, and considers the question of whether the orthodox view of sovereignty is likely to be displaced in the foreseeable future by the view that Parliament’s legislative power is subject to legal constraints. The paper concludes that such a change in the rule of recognition is unlikely to come about merely because the judges change their view of the content of fundamental doctrines; changes of this nature require the assent of the other institutions of government.
CONFIGURATIONS OF THREENESS: OEDIPAL MODELS, OEDIPAL LEVELS
Authors: Ivey Gavin
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT
How the Oedipus complex is organized and experienced is determined by what we do in our minds with the presence of the other perceived to come between us and our objects. Various oedipal models have mapped various configurations of three‐ness: psychic patterns of self in relation to a couple. These configurations are determined by how, and at what level, we struggle with the problematic presence of a third person. The application of Freudian and Kleinian oedipal models to case material from an adult male patient is used to illustrate the complexity and layering of oedipal issues, and the importance of keeping various oedipal perspectives in mind in the course of our analytic work. The paper concludes by differentiating my patient from those manifesting triadic aversion or hatred of three‐ness. The latter not only describes a problematic category of analytic patient, but throws into stark relief the more ‘mature’ oedipal configurations corresponding to Freud's and Klein's oedipal models.
ANALYTIC INTUITION: A MEETING PLACE FOR JUNG AND BION
Authors: Williams Sherly
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT
The paper identifies some important areas of theoretical congruence between Jung and Bion in order to illuminate a central feature of analytic practice: analytic intuition. Jung and Bion suggest, in different yet surprisingly similar ways, that the therapist extends her reach towards unknown psychic reality through the exercise of analytic intuition. Both writers invite us to respect the symbolic and relational processes by which painful and disturbing emotional reality is intuited. Their particular formulations of unconscious process are used to arrive at a definition of analytic intuition and how it is experienced and used by analytic practitioners. The paper discusses Jung's and Bion's understanding of the dreaming process and also makes reference to Bion's ‘reversible perspective’ and Jung's ‘synchronicity’ as particular ways in which analytic intuition can be employed in analytic interpretation. The paper concludes by drawing a parallel between Jung's ‘transcendent function’ and Bion's ‘binocular vision’.
Sex, isolation and fidelity: unbiased long‐distance dispersal in a terrestrial amphibian
Authors: Smith M. Alex , Green David M.
Published: October 2006

Amphibians in general are considered poor dispersers and thus their dispersal curve should be dominated by short movements. Additionally, as male toads do not compete for females and sexual selection is by female choice, dispersal should be male‐biased. Furthermore, since adults are site‐loyal and polygynous, juveniles should move farther and faster than adults. We tested the hypotheses that dispersal would be limited and both sex‐ and age‐biased in a population of Fowler's toadsBufo fowleriat Lake Erie, Ontario, Canada. Based on a mark‐recapture study of 2816 toads, 1326 recaptured at least once, we found that although the toads did show high site fidelity, the dispersal curve was highly skewed with a significant “tail” where the maximum distance moved by an adult was 34 km. Dispersal was neither sex‐biased nor age‐biased despite clear theoretical predictions that dispersal should be biased towards males and juveniles. We conclude that the resource competition hypothesis of sex‐biased dispersal does not predict dispersal tendencies as readily for amphibians as for mammals and birds. Toad dispersal only appears to be juvenile‐biased because the juveniles are more abundant than the adults, not because they are the more active dispersers.
Complexing and Extraction Properties of Triethylene Glycol Bis(dodecyl Phosphate)
Authors: Novoměstská Věra , Příhoda Jiří , Herrmann Eckhard
Published: October 2006

The extraction of Mg(II), Ca(II), Sr(II), Ba(II), Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Eu(III) and Am(III) from mineral acid solutions with triethylene glycol bis(dodecyl phosphate) (H2A = HO(H25C12O)P(O)(OCH2CH2)3OP(O)(OC12H25)OH) in different diluents was investigated. The formation of complexes was followed by NMR spectrometry; their composition in the organic phase was determined by slope analysis and proved by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. MII(HA)2 and MIII(HA)A species are formed in the organic phase while Mz+(H2m-zAmz-)· nOcOH species (m = 2 or 3; n = 0, 1, 2; z = 2 or 3) in (octan-1-ol)-containing diluents.
Hydrolysis of O-Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin) in Relation to the Aspirin-Bromate-Acid Oscillating System
Authors: Adamčíková Ľubica , Mišicák Daniel , Ševčík Peter
Published: October 2006

The uncatalyzed BrO3--O-acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) reaction in aqueous H2SO4 exhibits oscillatory behavior. The induction period observed before the onset of oscillations depends on the extent of hydrolysis of aspirin. The rate constant of hydrolysis of aspirin was determined indirectly from the value of induction period. When aspirin undergoes hydrolysis, the degradation products are salicylic acid and acetic acid. Salicylic acid may play a role of "active" substrate responsible for the oscillations. Aspirin (Bayer) generates also oscillations with bromate.
Structure of the Archean English River subprovince: implications for the tectonic evolution of the western Superior Province, Canada
Authors: Hrabi R B , Cruden A R
Published: October 2006

The English River subprovince is one of two metasediment-dominated terranes in the western Superior Province. It has been interpreted as an accretionary complex, a foreland, or a fore-arc basin that developed and was subsequently deformed between the metavolcanic-rich Uchi subprovince and the orthogneiss- and metaplutonic-dominated Winnipeg River subprovince during a prolonged transpressive orogeny. To test these hypotheses, we combined a satellite image, aeromagnetic image, and Lithoprobe reflection seismic profile interpretation with detailed structural mapping to better characterize the internal geometry and significance of structural features in the western part of the subprovince in Ontario. Northward-directed subduction and collision of the Winnipeg River subprovince with the Uchi subprovince at ca. >2713–2698 Ma can account for the deposition of the sedimentary rocks, initial metamorphism, and the main phase of deformation in the subprovince, whereas the subduction of Wabigoon crust generated extensive tonalite magmatism in the Winnipeg River and English River subprovinces during the same period. A period of extension, after the docking of the Winnipeg River and Wabigoon subprovinces at ca. 2698 Ma, punctuated the compressive phases of the orogeny and was responsible for high-grade metamorphism, upward bending of the Moho, and localized deposition of late, coarse, alluvial–fluvial metasedimentary rocks. Renewed compression caused by the docking of the Wawa subprovince at ca. 2689–2684 Ma is likely responsible for a largely unrecognized regional upright folding and faulting event that controls the dominant structural geometry of the subprovince. Late in its tectonic evolution, strain was partitioned into dextral deformation that was strongly domainal and limited to the subprovince margins.
Crack identification in a cross-stiffened plate system using the root mean square of time domain responses
Authors: Budipriyanto A , Haddara M R , Swamidas A S.J
Published: October 2006

On-line identification of cracks occurring in large structures has attracted the attention of many researchers. Identification becomes difficult when there is no easy access available for investigators to employ conventional nondestructive evaluation techniques. In this paper, a scheme is presented for identifying the crack location and its extent using vibration response. Numerical studies were carried out on a 1/20th-scale model of the side shell of the structure of a ship. The first natural frequency of the numerical model was 584.3 Hz. The numerical and physical models were excited by a random force having a dominant spectral frequency of 2 Hz. Cracks under investigation occurred at the connection between a horizontal and bulkheads and at the intersection between horizontals and a web frame. A scheme using the root mean square of vibration response is presented for identifying cracks occurring in the flange and web of the horizontal. It is demonstrated that the scheme can identify the crack location and size.Key words: side shell of a ship model, pre-resonance excitation regime, vibration-based monitoring.
Fatigue performance of modular expansion joints for bridges
Authors: Chaallal Omar , Sieprawski Guillaume , Guizani Lotfi
Published: October 2006

This paper presents results of an experimental investigation on the fatigue performance of the welded multiple support bar modular bridge expansion joint (MBEJ) used for the recent Jacques Cartier Bridge rehabilitation in Montreal. Three identical subassemblies of the modular joint system were tested in fatigue. Both vertical and horizontal load ranges were applied to the test specimen simultaneously in the following proportions: (i) vertical load range = ΔPvand (ii) horizontal load range = 0.2ΔPv. Different loading ranges were applied to each specimen giving a sufficient number of points to define the experimental fatigue stress range versus the number of cycles (S–N) curve. The number of cycles varied between 567 900 and 3 600 000, while the calculated stress range within the welded connection details varied between 81.4 and 166.7 MPa. Static calibration tests were performed prior to the fatigue testing of each specimen. These calibration tests confirmed the validity of the structural three-dimensional analytical models and also established the repeatability of the experimental data, in conformity with the requirements of the NCHRP-402 report. Fatigue cracks of the same type as those reported by the NCHRP-402 report were observed within the welded connection detail. No fatigue cracks were observed elsewhere. The experimental fatigue curve of the welded connection showed that the fatigue resistance of the welded MBEJ is compatible with category C and C' details, as defined by the AASHTO LRFD 1998 bridge design code. This paper is very useful, as it demonstrates the applicability of the complex requirements of the NCHRP-402 report. These requirements are increasingly gaining wide acceptance among bridge engineers and bridge owners.Key words: modular expansion joint, bridge, deck, test, fatigue, stress range, cycles.
Making use of brace overstrength to improve the seismic response of multistorey split-X concentrically braced steel frames
Authors: Lacerte Martin , Tremblay Robert
Published: October 2006

This paper presents a study on the inelastic seismic response of multistorey split-X concentrically braced steel frames. Structures with different plan areas and heights are examined for Victoria, British Columbia, and Québec City, Quebec. Structures designed according to current code provisions are found to develop a concentration of inelastic demand over their height, which can lead to dynamic instability. This behaviour was more pronounced for the taller and larger structures located in western Canada. A design method is proposed to mitigate the concentration of inelastic deformations by a proper selection of the bracing members. P–Δ effects also need to be included in the design. Guidelines are also proposed for the accumulation of brace-induced axial loads for column design. Structures up to 12 storeys designed according to the proposed method are found to exhibit a stable inelastic response and storey drifts within acceptable limits.Key words: bracing member, braced steel frame, buckling, instability, seismic, storey drift.
Strengthening precast-prestressed hollow core slabs to resist negative moments using carbon fibre reinforced polymer strips: an experimental investigation and a critical review of Canadian Standards Association S806-02
Authors: Hosny Abdelhadi , Sayed-Ahmed Ezzeldin Yazeed , Abdelrahman Amr Ali , Alhlaby Naser Ahmed
Published: October 2006

Behaviour of precast-prestressed hollow core slabs has been extensively studied when these slabs are subjected to positive bending moments, a practical application typical of hollow core slabs. However, in many projects it may be required to have an overhanging part of the roof to act as a cantilever. In doing so, and using precast-prestressed hollow core slabs, the slabs would be subjected to negative moments, atypical for hollow core slabs. In this paper, the behaviour of precast-prestressed hollow core slabs is experimentally investigated when they are subjected to negative bending moments. A proposed strengthening detail to increase the negative moment resistance of hollow core slabs using bonded carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips is presented. The CFRP strips were bonded to the top side of full-scale precast-prestressed hollow core slabs in the negative moment zone in different configurations. In two of the tested slabs the bond between the prestressing strands and the concrete was initially broken (during casting of the slabs) in the negative moment zone. The slabs with the bonded CFRP strips were tested to failure and the load–deflection behaviour was recorded. The results of the tests are presented and the strength enhancement of the hollow core slabs using the proposed technique is reported. The increase in the negative moment resistance of the CFRP-bonded hollow core slabs experimentally determined is also compared with the CSA-S806-02 prediction for the moment resistance of concrete elements with bonded CFRP strips.Key words: carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips, hollow core slab, flexure strengthening, prestressed concrete, precast slabs, prestressing strands.
Evaluating the aggregate structure in hot-mix asphalt using three-dimensional computer modeling and particle packing simulations
Authors: Shashidhar Naga , Gopalakrishnan Kasthurirangan
Published: October 2006

In a hot-mix asphalt (HMA) pavement, the aggregate structure serves as a backbone and is primarily responsible for resisting pavement distresses. A sound aggregate structure implies optimal packing of aggregates providing both particle–particle contact and sufficient void space to fill in asphalt. In this paper, three-dimensional particle packing concepts are applied to the study of aggregate structure in HMA. A sequential deposition packing algorithm was used for packing typical aggregate gradations. The packing fraction and the distribution of particle–particle contacts in the simulated compact were studied. The packing simulation gave satisfactory results when aggregates above a certain minimum size were considered. Regression models were established to estimate the coordination number of any size aggregate in the compact. Such studies, in conjunction with the recent advances in X-ray computed tomography imaging techniques and discrete element modeling (DEM) simulations, have tremendous potential to help develop a deeper understanding of the HMA aggregate structure, develop and optimize the various parameters that describe the aggregate structure, and relate these parameters to the performance of pavements in a scientific way.Key words: packing, aggregate structure, computer simulation, aggregate–aggregate contact, pavement performance.
Effect of slag, silica fume, and finishing on the sorptivities of field concrete
Authors: Tumidajski Peter J
Published: October 2006

For Canadian Standards Association C-2 exposure conditions (i.e., nonstructurally reinforced concrete exposed to chlorides and freezing and thawing) after 1 year, the effect of cement binder and finishing techniques on the capillary suction sorptivities of commercially batched and field-placed, cured, and finished concrete is reported. It was found that the addition of 40% ground granulated blast furnace slag or 8% silica fume is very effective in reducing sorptivities of field concrete. Furthermore, finishing techniques that do not overwork the surface assist in reducing sorptivities of field concrete.Key words: capillary suction, saturation, sorptivity, silica fume, slag, finish.
A simple method to predict flow distribution at vertical angled screens in open channels
Authors: Rajaratnam N , Sadeque M A.F , Katopodis C
Published: October 2006

This paper presents a simple method to predict flow diversion by vertical angled screens in open channels. The performance of this method has been compared with the experimental results from a recent laboratory study of vertical angled screens. This method is then used to predict the effect of screen porosity, variation of porosity along the length of the screen, and several other factors on the flow division. The results of this investigation would be useful in the design of vertical angled screens for fish protection at water intakes from rivers for irrigation, and other industrial uses.Key words: fish screens, intakes, water flow, irrigation canals, open channel flow, hydraulics and fish diversion.
Strain-rate effects in self-boring pressuremeter tests in clay
Authors: Silvestri Vincenzo
Published: October 2006

A method is proposed for assessing the effect of strain rate on pressuremeter test results in clay. The approach takes into account the strain rate used to expand the cavity and its variation within the soil mass, both of which influence the value of the undrained shear strength deduced from the pressuremeter expansion curve. The method is applied to quantify strain-rate effects in idealized materials and in model pressuremeter test results. The pressuremeter-deduced stressstrain curve is also used to predict the total pressure  radial strain relationship observed in one of the model tests.Key words: pressuremeter test, clays, strain rate, idealized materials, model tests.
Design and evaluation of mixtures of mine waste rock and tailings
Authors: Wickland Benjamin E , Wilson G Ward , Wijewickreme Dharma , Klein Bern
Published: October 2006

The technique of mixing mine waste rock and tailings for disposal has the potential to avoid the problems of acid rock drainage and tailings liquefaction. This paper presents a rational basis for the design of mixtures based on particle packing theory and laboratory investigations. Mixtures were conceptualized using a particle model that allows mixture design and interpretation of behaviour. Laboratory investigations included examination of tailings rheology, mixture trials, and compressibility testing of waste rock, tailings, and mixtures of waste rock and tailings. Results indicate that mixture design governs mixture structure, and consequently also compressibility behaviour. A method is presented to predict mixture compressibility from mixture ratio and the properties of the parent waste rock and tailings. The study provides theory for the design and evaluation of mixtures as a mine waste disposal technique and demonstrates that the design of geotechnical properties is possible for homogeneous mixtures of mine wastes at the laboratory scale.Key words: co-disposal, particle packing, rheology, compressibility, waste rock, tailings.