bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuroaxonal Dystrophy of the Accessory Cuneate Nucleus in Horses
Authors: Beech J.
Published: January 2017

Data were collected from 37 horses with a neurologic disability and compared to a group of 34 normal horses. Affected horses had neuroaxonal dystrophy, gliosis, vacuoles, and sometimes pigment localized to the accessory cuneate nuclei with minimal or no changes in the spinal cord and no changes in the proximal peripheral nerves. The focal nature of the change and usual absence of significant light microscopic spinal cord or peripheral nerve changes are different than previously described equine neuropathologic conditions.
Lesions Caused by Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) in Two Cervid Hosts
Authors: Pybus M. J. , Samuel W. M.
Published: January 2017

Pathologic effects and host response were evaluated in seven white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus) and six mule deer ( O. hemionus hemionus) each exposed per os to 300 or 1000 third-stage larvae of Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei. Pathologic effects in mule deer consisted of hemorrhagic myositis throughout skeletal muscles, severe verminous pneumonia, and moderate lymphadenitis. The major host response was a granulomatous inflammation associated with nematode eggs and larvae. Granulomas obliterated the normal architecture of affected tissues. Pathologic effects and host response were minimal in white-tailed deer. P. odocoilei is considered a potential direct or indirect pathogen in mule deer but an insignificant parasite in white-tailed deer.
Hepatic Lesions Associated with Intrahepatic Arterioportal Fistulae in Dogs
Authors: Moore P. F. , Whiting P. G.
Published: January 2017

Seven cases of hepatic arterioportal fistulae in young dogs (mean age 6 months) are described. All cases were presumed to be congenital in origin. The onset of clinical signs, which frequently included gastrointestinal and neurological disturbances, was usually sudden. All dogs had clinical evidence of portal hypertension in the form of ascites, and all developed multiple extrahepatic portacaval venous shunts consequential to portal hypertension. The neurological disturbances were likely the result of portacaval shunting. The arterial and venous vessels involved in the fistulae had markedly altered wall structure. Hepatic regions adjacent to the fistulae frequenlty evidenced marked bile duct proliferation. Hepatic parenchymal atrophy, relative collapse of distributing portal veins, dilatation of hepatic arterial branches and proliferation of hepatic arterioles were seen throughout the liver: these changes closely resembled those present with portacaval shunting in the absence of hepatic arterioportal fistulae. The importance of recognizing that hepatic arterioportal fistulae and multiple extrahepatic portacaval shunts usually coexist and separately influence the morphological appearance of the liver is stressed.
Introduction Challenging racism
Authors: Sivanandan A.
Published: January 2017

This is a revised version of a talk given on 12 March 1983 at the Greater London Council Ethnic Minorities Unit Consultation on Challenging Racism.
Exodus-Deuteronomy as Discourse: Models, Distancing, Provocation, Paraenesis
Authors: Valiquette Hilaire Paul
Published: January 2017

Cognitive anthropology describes ‘cognitive models’; discourse analysis focuses on the structure (and structuring elements) of a text, and its relationship to the presumed audience. These two recent areas of anthropology contribute to a study of the Exodus-Deuteronomy text; such a study, in turn, tests these approaches. The Exodus-Deuteronomy text (not just the narrative sections) is to be read as a whole. The narrative structure (plot) models and creates a universe, as do other models, such as the tent. Themes of mediation and displacement are discourse devices, bringing the story from mythic past to present assembly. One discourse function of the rebellion stories is to provoke the assembly into placing themselves in the story, and paraenesis in Deuteronomy does this explicitly.
Effects of Herbal Supplements on the Immune System in Relation to Exercise
Authors: Megna M. , Pamico A. , Cristella G. , Saggini R. , Jirillo E. , Ranieri M.
Published: January 2017

Athletes who undergo strenuous exercise, especially in endurance sports, frequently use herbal supplements in order to have a better performance. In this review we try to find out if the most common herbal supplements (Echinacea, Rhodiola, Ginseng) are effective in the empowerment of perfomance or in the modulation of the immune system. It seems that the prevalent effect is adaptogenic rather than ergogenic, with a better tolerance of the exercise induced stress, related to enhancement of the whole immune system and decrease of the oxidative damage.
Associated with Intrathecal Baclofen Treatment and Duloxetine in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Ranieri M. , Putignano P. , Fiore P. , Santamato A. , Megna G. , Bellomo R.G. , Cristella G. , Saggini R. , Megna M.
Published: January 2017

Baclofen is now used in treatment of patients with severe spasticity secondary to neurological diseases throuth the direct infusion of drug into the subarachnoid space with an implanted programmable pump. Among patients whose quality of life improved after the use of intrathecal systems, a very important role belongs to people with multiple sclerosis (MS): a disease that due to a great variety of symptoms and signs, seriously affects the activities of daily living. Among the clinical manifestations of MS are also found mental health problems including depression mood. The drugs most commonly offered, for treatment of depression in patients with MS, are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), reuptake inhibitors of serotonin and norepinephrine (SNRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCA). Duloxetine presents a high affinity for transporters reuptake of serotonin and noradrenalin, and exerts its activity on both molecules. In addiction, Duloxetine has demonstrated very effective in treatment of depressive disorders of mood as demonstrated by scientific evidences about the utility of Duloxetine in the modulation of painful physical symptoms associated with depression and in treatment of pain associated with diabetic neuropathy. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the effects of antidepressant therapy with duloxetine, 60 mg/day in 7 patients with multiple sclerosis treated with intrathecal baclofen for spastic modulation of tone. The experience we gained, according to data from several multicenter trials confirmed the efficacy of Baclofen intrathecally administered, especially as regards modulation spasticity. Our study also showed, although the limitations of a sample still small, a good clinical response to combined treatment Baclofen intrathecal/duloxetine 60 mg/day.
Le Logiciel Prospero A L'Epreuve D'Un Corpus De Resumes Sociologiques
Authors: Trabal Patrick
Published: January 2017

The Program Prospéro Tried Out Against A Corpus of Sociological Abstracts: The objective of this article is to test the potential of the program, Prospéro, for analyzing the abstracts of the first congress of the French Sociological Association (AFS). Prospéro was conceived as a program for the analysis of corpora of texts characterized by a certain variability (particularly in the use of argumentation and time). We consider these abstracts as a “dossier; that is, as a collection of texts characterized by the unknowns and the obligations of authors proposing a presentation in a Thematic Network (TN) session. To begin with, we show how much receding – done by the researcher in the case of Prospéro – is decisive in determining the level of analysis and of hypothesis testing. We then propose a model describing the expectations of a potential presenter and construct categories, collections and fictitious entities to test this model. The program, in this context, functions as an instrument for identifying singular properties of the corpus (for example, judging the usefullness of a category or a collection in characterizing a TN). But it also identifies atypical texts which can encourage the modification of the model. Finally, we study how presenters adapt to the requirements of a proximity between the abstract and the call for papers distributed by the TNs. This approach shows that only a few TNs bring together texts sharing similar characteristics. This work permits us to identify certain interesting aspects of French sociology and, in particular, the possibilities and the limits of Prospéro. The program functions as a research tool which can test a researcher's interpretations, hypotheses and models. The program would be even more useful if corpora could be complemented by texts permitting a variation (particularly historic) which would benefit the analysis of sociological scientific production.
Mentoring Masculinities: Race and Class in the (Re-)Construction of Gender in the USA and the UK
Authors: Kimmel Michael , Traver Amy
Published: January 2017

This article explores the empirical and political debates surrounding boys' academic experiences in America and the United Kingdom. It unearths the ways in which boys' problems in school have been blamed on feminism, and how race and class are ignored in both debates. Additionally, this article addresses same-gender mentoring as a remedial, gender-based strategy for the ‘problem’ of boys in schools. We offer a critique of the mentoring of boys, highlighting the ways in which it ‘others' boys of marginalised race and class status and legitimises hegemonic masculinity. This article concludes with an analysis of the potential of mentoring in the work with boys.
‘Speak and Act in a Manly Fashion’: The Role of the Body in the Construction of Men and Masculinity in Primary Teacher Education in Ireland
Authors: O'Donoghue Dónal
Published: January 2017

Based on a study of the masculinising practices of a single-sex primary teacher training college in Ireland 1928–38, this paper argues that the body served as the primary means of classification and differentiation in the social construction and regulation of masculinities. Following Connell's body reflexive practice theory that bodies are both agents and objects of practice and that ‘masculinity refers to male bodies but is not determined by male biology’, and Bourdieu's conceptualisation of the body as a form of physical capital as a bearer of symbolic value, produced presented and managed to acquire status and distinction across social fields, this paper demonstrates how the body was used as an object and, to a lesser extent, agent in the masculinisation process at this institution, especially while students practised teaching in Practising Schools under the supervision of college staff.
Justice Denied: Low Submission Rates of Sexual Assault Kits and the Predicting Variables
Authors: Valentine Julie L. , Sekula L. Kathleen , Cook Lawrence J. , Campbell Rebecca , Colbert Alison , Weedn Victor W.
Published: January 2017

Following sexual assaults, victims are advised to seek health care services with forensic evidence collected and packaged in sexual assault kits (SAKs). This large ( N = 1,874), retrospective study examined rates of SAK submissions by law enforcement to the state crime laboratory for analysis from 2010 to 2013 at four sites in a Western state in the United States with established sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE) programs. Variables of legal and extralegal characteristics in sexual assault cases were explored through generalized estimating equations (GEE) modeling to determine what factors statistically predicted SAK submissions. For submitted SAKs, the length of time between the dates of assault and dates of submission was categorized, and bivariate and multivariate analyses were calculated to discover legal and extralegal characteristics affecting time of submission. The study sites represented 40% of the state’s law enforcement agencies and 65% of the state’s population. Out of the 1,874 SAKs in the study, only 38.2% were submitted by law enforcement to the state crime laboratory for analysis. When SAK submissions were examined based on time between assaults and submission dates, 22.8% were submitted within a year of the assault and 15.4% were submitted more than a year after the assault following media and community pressure for law enforcement agencies to submit SAKs in storage. Significant variability of SAK submission rates and the time submitted from the assault dates were found between the sites. Site location was found to be the main determinant of whether or not SAKs were submitted. The lack of SAK submissions for analysis results in justice denied for victims and raises public safety concerns. The finding that the location in which the sexual assault occurred was the primary factor on SAK submissions represents an inequity of justice.
Assessing Efficiency in General Practice: An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors: Bates J. M. , Baines D. L. , Whynes D. K.
Published: January 2017

As with any health care process, the efficiency with which outputs are produced in general practice is of considerable importance. Using data from Lincolnshire, this study utilizes data envelopment analysis to examine the relationships between practice costs and outputs, measured not only as the number of patients treated, but also on the basis of performance indicators. The technique permits the construction of an efficiency ranking, facilitating the accurate targeting of monitoring resources.
Admissions for HIV-1 Related Disease in a Dublin Hospital 1987–1990
Authors: Murphy M , Misquito N , Pomeroy L , Mulcahy F
Published: January 2017

Between January 1987 and December 1990, 179 patients (131 men, 48 women) infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were admitted 408 times to St James's Hospital, Dublin. One hundred and thirty-two (73.7%) patients were intravenous drug users. The commonest cause of admission was bacterial lower respiratory tract infection (84 patients, 21%). At the time of study 95 (53%) patients fulfilled Centers for Disease Control (CDC) criteria for stage IV disease. HIV antibody status in 26 of these patients with stage IV disease was unknown prior to their admission to hospital with symptomatic disease. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was the most frequent stage IV defining diagnosis. The mean length of hospital stay for patients with CDC stage II/III and stage IV disease was 8.5 (median 7) and 13.5 (median 8) days respectively.
Sexual Behaviour and HIV Infection Risks in Indian Homosexual Men: A Cross-Cultural Comparison
Authors: Kumar Bhushan , Ross Michael W
Published: January 2017

A comparison of sexual activities in 49 homosexually active northwest Indian men attending STD clinics was made with 173 homosexually active Australian men from a community sample. There were major differences between the two on frequency of marriage and of bisexual behaviour (significantly higher in the Indian sample), condom use for anal intercourse, and of oral sex (significantly higher in the Australian sample). There was also a substantial level of heterosexual anal intercourse reported in the Indian sample. While preliminary and based on nonmatched and nonrandom samples, these data suggest that the sexual activity profile and degree of risk of homosexual behaviour may differ considerably between the two cultures, and that data on homosexual activities in western societies should not be generalized to nonwestern cultures.
Desire for Unprotected Intercourse Preceding its Occurrence: The Case of Young Gay Men with an Anonymous Partner
Authors: Gold R S , Skinner M J
Published: January 2017

One sample of young gay men ( n = 219) and 3 samples of older gay men ( n = 219, n = 207, and n = 88) recalled a sexual encounter in which they had engaged in unprotected anal intercourse. Throughout the evening of the encounter, desire specifically for unprotected intercourse had generally been less common the more distant the relationship with the partner. Young men having sex with an anonymous partner were an exception to this pattern, however: they had desired unprotected intercourse almost as commonly as had young men having sex with a lover. The extent to which unprotected intercourse is premeditated in young men with an anonymous partner may make it particularly hard to modify their behaviour. This group had also been in an especially negative mood state at the start of the evening, suggesting the importance of trying to inculcate non-destructive ways of dealing with negative mood states.
PPNG at St Thomas' Hospital—A Changing Provenance
Authors: Sherrard Jackie , Barlow David
Published: January 2017

Between 1986 and 1992, 15% of all cases of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) notified in the UK were seen at our central London clinic. During this time the geographical provenance of PPNG has changed. Africa and SE Asia have been supplanted by the Caribbean as the predominant source, with 21.4% of all cases being directly imported from there in 1992. If all gonococcal infections acquired outside the UK had been assumed to be PPNG, together with those occurring in patients with family origins in Africa or SE Asia, some 60% of cases of PPNG could have been predicted before laboratory confirmation of resistance. There is little evidence that PPNG has become endemic in the United Kingdom.
Renewable energy auctions – When are they (cost-)effective?
Authors: Gephart Malte , Klessmann Corinna , Wigand Fabian
Published: January 2017

European Member States increasingly use tenders combined with competitive bidding to allocate renewable electricity support payments to renewable electricity market actors. This article contributes to the European policy debate by exploring which principal design features and context factors increase or reduce the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of renewable electricity auctions. Volume control is among the key aims of implementing an auction, but potentially low project realisation can harm reaching the targeted volume. Qualification requirements and/or penalties are useful auction design elements to increase the implementation rates of selected projects. However, there are risks associated with these measures, which in turn increase prices. Auctions also aim at increasing (static) cost-effectiveness of renewable electricity support, which may be influenced by three main factors: first, the level of competition in the auction; second, the mitigation of speculative over- or under-bidding; and third, the level of allocation and delivery risks borne by the bidders. The article explores the fundamental trade-off in auctions between encouraging high project implementation rates (to ensure volume control) and minimising the bidder’s risk (that may result in higher bidding prices). Based on theoretical insights and supported by empirical renewable electricity auction examples, it identifies factors that can influence the success of an auction but also shows there is no exact blueprint for a good auction design.
Energy Situation and Energy-Related Environment Issues of Pacific Island Countries
Authors: Siwatibau Suliana
Published: January 2017

Pacific Islands have experienced low economic growth during the 1980s, and face significant energy problems. Petroleum products are imported at very high prices and biofuel use often leads to resource over-exploitation. However, perhaps the most basic energy-environment concern is the potential for sea level rise. Some Pacific Island nations would vanish altogether, while others would lose their most productive areas.
Energy Supply/Demand in Malaysia and The Energy-Environment Interaction
Authors: Fun Tham Ah , Zin Mohamad Vizimd , Rasol Aziz
Published: January 2017

Malaysia is a rapidly growing middle income country with an abundance of energy resources, particularly natural gas. Along with the nation's expanding economy, environmental problems are also becoming more evident. Energy and environmental policies issues often come together in the fuel switching options and, in Malaysia both objectives are well served by the on-going rapid shift towards much greater reliance on natural gas. The country is committed to evironmental protection and, as outlined here, is undertaking steps to ensure that continued energy growth is compatible with environmental quality objectives.
Effect of resveratrol and tetracycline on the subacute paraquat toxicity in mice
Authors: Satpute RM , Pawar PP , Puttewar S , Sawale SD , Ambhore PD
Published: January 2017

Paraquat (PQ) is a nonselective bipyridyl herbicide widely used in agriculture to control weeds, but its accidental, occupational, or intentional exposure in humans is known to cause pneumo- and neurotoxicity which may proves fatal. Oxidative stress is reported as an underlined mechanism of PQ-induced toxicity in alveolar cells, neurons, and astroglia. PQ generates superoxides both through electron transport reaction (ETC) with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide–dependent oxidoreductase and by the redox cycling via reaction with molecular oxygen. In lungs, it causes edema and inflammation resulting in neutrophils infiltration and subsequent activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In the present study, toxicity of subacute oral PQ exposure and effect of resveratrol (Res) and/or tetracycline (TC) on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in lungs, brain, and liver was studied. Levels of glutathione and malondialdehyde and activities of myeloperoxidase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase were measured in lungs, brain, and liver. PQ interferes in the function of mitochondrial ETC complexes causing decreased adenosine triphosphate levels, and hence the activities of complexes I and IV were studied in brain tissues. Res, a natural antioxidant, and TC, an antibiotic with its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, offered significant protection from severe oxidative stress and inflammation and ameliorated the general well-being of mice against the toxic outcome of PQ.
Cutaneous lesions of the digits in systemic lupus erythematosus: 50 cases
Authors: Bouaziz J D , Barete S , Le Pelletier F , Amoura Z , Piette J C , Francès C
Published: January 2017

The objective of this study was to observe the clinical and pathologic features of digital lesions in a cohort of 50 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Biopsy and pictures of digital lesions were performed in 50 consecutive patients with SLE and digital lesions. A clinical diagnosis of vasculitis was previously suggested in 36% of cases. Pictures were reviewed by three dermatologists and all the tissue sections were analysed by the same pathologist. Files of patients were reviewed retrospectively. Activity of SLE was established according to the lupus activity index (LAI). Digital lesions in SLE were frequently painful (60%) with a finger-pulp inflammation (70%). According to clinical and pathological correlation, five patients had acute cutaneous lupus, five subacute cutaneous lupus, 21 discoid lupus and 15 chilblain lupus. Two patients presented vasculitis: one had an urticarial vasculitis concomitantly to a lupus flare, the other had an erythema elevatum diutinum, independent of SLE evolution. Thrombosis of dermal vessels was present in two patients with SLE-associated antiphospholipid syndrome and in two patients with chilblain lupus. LAI was > 1.5 in only seven patients. These results highlight the tendency to clinically overestimate the prevalence of cutaneous vasculitis of the fingers in patients without active SLE. Clinical features of cutaneous lupus of the digits are polymorphous. So, a pathological examination of the lesions is often necessary for diagnosis and proper management.
Association of Epstein-Barr virus infection with systemic lupus erythematosus in Taiwan
Authors: Lu J J-Y , Chen D-Y , Hsieh C-W , Lan J-L , Lin F-J , Lin S-H
Published: January 2017

An association between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been suggested from previous serologic evidence. Since most adults in Taiwan are EBV-infected, seroepidemiologic studies based on standard assays for EBV are unlikely to dissociate SLE patients and control groups. We reexamine this question by using novel methodologies in which IgA anti-EBV-coded nuclear antigens-1 (EBNA-1) and IgG anti-EBV DNase antibodies were analysed by ELISA, and EBV viral loads were detected by real-time quantitative PCR for 93 adult SLE patients and 370 age-, sex- and living place-matched healthy controls in Taiwan. The specificities of antibodies for extractible nuclear antigens were determined by Western blot. Our results show that IgA anti-EBV EBNA1 antibodies were detectable in 31.2% SLE patients but only in 4.1% of controls (odds ratio [OR] = 10.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.19–22.35; P < 10-7), IgG anti-EBV DNase antibodies were detected in 53.8% SLE patients but only in 12.2% controls (OR = 8.40, 95% CI = 4.87–14.51; P < 10-7). EBV DNA was amplifiable from the sera of 41.9% SLE patients but from only 3.24% controls ( P < 0.05). A significant association of IgG anti-EBV DNase antibodies with anti-Sm/RNP antibodies was observed ( P < 0.005). The higher seroreactivity and higher copy numbers of EBV genome indicated association of EBV infection with SLE in Taiwan.
Statistical methods in computational anatomy
Authors: Miller Michael , Banerjee Ayananshu , Christensen Gary , Joshi Sarang , Khaneja Navin , Grenander Ulf , Matejic Larissa
Published: January 2017

This paper reviews recent developments by the Washington/Brown groups for the study of anatomical shape in the emerging new discipline of computational anatomy. Parametric representations of anatomical variation for computational anatomy are reviewed, restricted to the assumption of small deformations. The generation of covariance operators for probabilistic measures of anatomical variation on coordinatized submanifolds is formulated as an empirical procedure. Populations of brains are mapped to common coordinate systems, from which template coordinate systems are constructed which are closest to the population of anatomies in a minimum distance sense. Variation of several one-, two and three-dimensional manifolds, i.e. sulci, surfaces and brain volumes are examined via Gaussian measures with mean and covariances estimated directly from maps of templates to targets. Methods are presented for estimating the covariances of vector fields from a family of empirically generated maps, posed as generalized spectrum estimation indexed over the submanifolds. Covariance estimation is made parametric, analogous to autoregressive modelling, by introducing small deformation linear operators for constraining the spectrum of the fields.
The Emergence of the New Cold War: The Syrian and Ukraine Conflicts
Authors: Hove Mediel
Published: January 2017

This article evaluates the emergence of the new Cold War using the Syrian and Ukraine conflicts, among others. Incompatible interests between the United States (US) and Russia, short of open conflict, increased after the collapse of the former Soviet Union. This article argues that the struggle for dominance between the two superpowers, both in speeches and deed, to a greater degree resembles what the world once witnessed before the collapse of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in 1991. It asserts that despite the US’ unfettered power, after the fall of the Soviet Union, it is now being checked by Russia in a Cold War fashion.
Wearing the “Student Hat”: Experiential Professional Development in Expeditionary Learning Schools
Authors: Klein Emily J. , Riordan Meg
Published: January 2017

This article explores findings from a two-year study of the Expeditionary Learning (EL) professional development program for teachers. Using case study qualitative methods, we present findings about how EL meets the challenge of preparing teachers to teach in innovative ways. We investigate how EL structures experiential professional development for its teachers, the strengths and challenges of these experiences, and how the experiences affect teachers' implementation of professional development in their classrooms.
Team Building through Physical Challenges in Gender-Segregated Classes and Student Self-Conceptions
Authors: Gibbons Sandra L. , Ebbeck Vicki
Published: January 2017

It was of interest to determine if earlier research findings, where female students were particularly advantaged by the Team Building Through Physical Challenges (TBPC; Glover & Midura, 1992) program in a coeducational setting, would still be observed in gender-segregated physical education classes. A total of 260 female ( n = 127) and male ( n = 133) middle school students were assigned to either treatment (participate in one TBPC activity every second week) or control (no exposure to TBPC activities) conditions. Assessments of six self-conceptions were collected before and after a five-month intervention period. Data were analyzed using a 2 (control/treatment) × 2 (pre-intervention/post-intervention) × 2 (female/male) repeated measures multivariate analysis of covariance. Examination of the results suggested that the TBPC program continues to somewhat advantage female students in gender-segregated classes, although the overriding finding was that the program is associated with beneficial outcomes for both female and male students.
Thinking about Teaching: Thinking about Teaching
Authors: Brinkman David J.
Published: January 2017

This article examines three thinking approaches teacher educators can use to cope with difficult classroom situations.
Personality Correlates of Jones' Three-Dimensional Model of Career Indecision
Authors: Lucas Jennifer L. , Wanberg Connie R.
Published: January 2017

Jones recently developed the Career Decision Profile (CDP; 1989). The CDP assesses career indecision, how comfortable individuals are with their career-decision status, and reasons for career indecision. According to Jones' vocational decision-status model, the CDP can be used to categorize individuals into four subtypes: decided-comfortable, decided-uncomfortable, undecided-comfortable, and undecided-uncomfortable. This study investigated the personality correlates of the CDP and the utility of Jones' scale for identifying the career subtypes. The CDP subscales correlated with several personality variables in the expected directions, and results indicated some support using the CDP to categorize individuals into the four decidedness-comfort subtypes.
Measurement Invariance of the Prodromal Questionnaire–Brief Among White, Asian, Hispanic, and Multiracial Populations
Authors: Cicero David C. , Krieg Alexander , Martin Elizabeth A.
Published: January 2017

The Prodromal Questionnaire–Brief is a scale that is used to screen individuals for risk for the development of psychosis. It has promising psychometric properties in clinical and nonclinical populations, including undergraduates. However, the measurement invariance of the scale has not been examined in Asian, White, Hispanic, and Multiracial samples. A total of 2,767 undergraduates at two large public U.S. universities completed the Prodromal Questionnaire–Brief. The Total scores had configural and scalar invariance, while the Distress scores displayed configural, metric, and partial scalar invariance. Follow-up analyses revealed that three items were responsible for the lack of complete scalar invariance for the Distress scores. This suggests that the Total and Distress scores are measuring the same construct across groups and mean scores represent the same level of latent prodromal traits across groups. Mean comparisons for the Distress Scale across ethnicity should be interpreted with caution because it lacks complete scalar invariance. White and Hispanic participants had lower Total scores that Multiracial and Asian participants, and this pattern emerged for 13 items. For the distress items that were scalar invariant, the Asian group reported more distress than the White and Hispanic groups, while the Multiracial group reported more distress than the White group.
Animating Ancestors
Authors: Davies Bronwyn
Published: January 2017

Working with a letter written in 1799, the author turns to a post-humanist diffractive methodology to work with both the material specificity of the one who wrote the letter, the letter itself, and the lines of force brought into play in the letter-writer’s account of himself. Arguing the necessity of moving beyond representationalism, the author sets out to animate the letter, and the author of the letter, examining the flows in between human subjects, material objects, and a range of onto-epistemological lines of force.
Alternative Delivery Sites: Where Does Home Health Care Fit?
Authors: Cherney Alison
Published: January 2017

Managed care is growing at 15% per year. By 2000 the number of people in managed care organizations (MCOs) will be over 90%. This trend is having a very positive growth impact on the home health care industry, but it is also causing home care organizations to reengineer their services. MCOs primarily view home health care services as commodities, and without building value-added services, home care companies will see decreases in their prices. In this article the reengineering of home health care services is explored, and options for building managed care services are defined.
Risk Management in Nonhospital Settings: Impact of Managed Care
Authors: Gann Cheryl
Published: January 2017

In the past the patient has had a long-term relationship with a physician and a hospital trusted by the community. In contrast, currently patients may see multiple providers in a rushed environment that may not always be user friendly or completely integrated. Patients who do not feel a connection to the providers may be less reticent about taking legal action. These new exposures related to utilization management, marketing activities, delivery of care, and multiple providers are hard to estimate, since the legal determinations of liability and damages are being created through new case law.
Assemblages of creativity: Material practices in the creative economy
Authors: Duff Cameron , Sumartojo Shanti
Published: January 2017

This article questions the anthropocentrism of existing treatments of creative work, creative industries and creative identities, and then considers various strategies for overcoming this bias in novel empirical analyses of creativity. Our aim is to begin to account for the nonhuman, ‘more-than-human’, bodies, actors and forces that participate in creative work. In pursuing this aim, we do not intend to eliminate the human subject from analysis of creative practice; rather we will provide a more ‘symmetrical’ account of creativity, alert to both the human and nonhuman constituents of creative practice. We draw from Deleuze and Guattari’s discussion of the assemblage to develop this account. Based on this discussion, we will define the creative assemblage as a more or less temporary mixture of heterogeneous material, affective and semiotic forces, within which particular capacities for creativity emerge, alongside the creative practices these capacities express. Within this assemblage, creativity and creative practice are less the innate attributes of individual bodies, and more a function of particular encounters and alliances between human and nonhuman bodies. We ground this discussion in qualitative research conducted in Melbourne, Australia, among creative professionals working in diverse fields. Based on this research, we propose a ‘diagram’ of one local assemblage of creativity and the human and nonhuman alliances it relies on. We close by briefly reflecting on the implications of our analysis for debates regarding the diversity of creative work and the character of creative labour.
Investigational drug therapies for treatment of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Panitch Hillel S
Published: January 2017

The licensing of interferon beta-1b dramatically changed the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the United States. Although it was the first therapeutic agent shown to affect the natural course of the disease, interferon beta-1b is not appropriate for all patients and is far from being a cure. Several other promising therapies now under study include immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs to limit inflammation; oral administration of myelin to induce tolerance; monoclonal antibodies designed to deliver targeted immunotherapy; potassium channel blockers to facilitate conduction along demyelinated axons; and glial growth factors to promote remyelination. Clinical trials of potential therapeutic agents have proliferated in the past decade in conjunction with rapid advances in our understanding of the immunologic basis of MS. Some investigational therapies are associated with problematic toxicities, others benefit only a minority of patients, and many are still in the early stages of development Nevertheless, because current therapeutic options are limited, and because the history of MS therapy is one of disappointment and frustration, it is essential that legitimate, scientifically based advances be widely disseminated to the neurologic community. This article reviews some of the most promising current and investigational therapies for MS.
The Cosmopolitanism of Commerce and the Allure of Difference
Authors: Nava Mica
Published: January 2017

This article engages with postcolonial theorizations of orientalism and challenges assumptions about the pervasiveness of imperial ideologies in Britain at the beginning of the century by exploring the adherence of Selfridges department store to the principle of ‘cosmopolitanism’. The aesthetic and libidinal economy of this popular modernist commercial formation, and the distinctive positioning of women consumers within it, is investigated in relation to two key cultural events promoted by Selfridges in the years before the First World War: the Russian Ballet performance of Scheherazade — based on a story from the Arabian Nights in which the women of the Shah's harem seduce the black slaves of the household — and the tango, which is also associated with a new less constrained sexuality for women and in turn is linked — via Valentino — to the emerging popular form of desert romance. How do these configurations, and the fashionable ancillary merchandise spawned by them, modify our understanding of racialized and national identities? Does the gendered consumption of these exotic narratives and products and their relocation to the intimate territories of the domestic and the body, demand a shift in the way in which commerce is thought of? What are the consequences for conceptualizations of sexual difference? This article, by focusing on the purchase by Selfridges' women customers of culturally other objects of desire, aims to make a contribution both to theorizations of consumption and to the largely unresearched history of the western fascination with difference.
Lebanon’s waste crisis: An exercise of participation rights
Authors: Khalil Joe F
Published: January 2017

A growing body of research reveals the emergence of forms of youth public participation, intensified by digital technologies, practices and cultures. This is a multilevel study of the reconstruction of Lebanese youth and children’s rights in the digital age through discourses and practices of participation in the #YouStink protest movement against a waste collection crisis. The article explores these rights by focusing on children and young people’s engagement with the movement, their ability to express their views freely and to influence decisions. It analyses how such participation through communicative, cultural and political practices becomes a contested resource for various actors, institutions and networks.
Supporting the retention of non-traditional students in Higher Education using a resilience framework
Authors: Cotton Debby RE , Nash Tricia , Kneale Pauline
Published: January 2017

Student drop-out in higher education is an increasingly important issue across Europe, but there are substantial disparities between countries and institutions which suggest that variations in policies and practices may influence student retention and success. Numerous schemes have been devised to increase student retention, frequently focusing on non-traditional groups. Retention efforts include scholarships and bursaries, enhanced monitoring and support measures, and specialist teams of staff or peer mentors. Theoretical understanding of the withdrawal of non-traditional students typically draws on social and cultural capital concepts (Bourdieu, 1986), which may have led to a rather deterministic approach to student success. Research with non-traditional students on two distinct but related projects at a UK university led us to consider the concept of resilience in helping to understand student retention and success. This paper discusses the concept of resilience and – drawing on our experiences of using a resilience framework for analysis of risk and protective factors in these two projects – considers how it might be of use in supporting student retention in the wider European context.
Habitus conflicts and experiences of symbolic violence as obstacles for non-traditional students
Authors: Nairz-Wirth Erna , Feldmann Klaus , Spiegl Judith
Published: January 2017

Despite an expansion of educational opportunities throughout the EU, access to university is still distributed based on social inequality. This tendency can be observed in all EU countries, with Germany, Austria and Slovakia showing particularly low levels of upward mobility. Many working-class students or other non-traditional students never even contemplate entering the field of higher education; others achieve university entry, but fail to overcome the obstacles faced in this field. Drawing on Bourdieu’s theoretical-methodological approach and based on 12 narrative, problem-centred interviews, this study presents a general habitus-oriented analysis of non-traditional university drop outs. We then focus on one case study to describe how the habitus of a non-traditional student is preformed through his family and school background and conflicts with the university field and its institutional habitus requirements. We show that students with a strong sense of their social position and ‘place’ (Bourdieu, 1990; Goffman, 1951) are particularly at risk of feeling like ‘cultural outsiders’ in the higher education field, a situation that leads to increased fears of failure. We conclude with a reflection on the relevance of Bourdieu’s relational thinking for understanding and addressing the underlying mechanisms of social inequality and a discussion of measures necessary to improve graduation rates for non-traditional students in Europe.
When Is Pharmacotherapy Initiation Beneficial in Patients With Depressive Disorders?
Authors: Prescott Drew , White Nicole D.
Published: January 2017

Psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy are the most common treatments utilized in patients diagnosed with depressive disorders. Their efficacy in remitting symptoms and restoring patients to baseline functioning has been established throughout the literature; however, questions still remain on whether pharmacotherapy is necessary in all patients and if used, when initiation is most beneficial. Current guidelines recommend initiating only psychotherapy in patients with mild depression and advancing to pharmacotherapy as appropriate. Evidence-based literature has shown pharmacotherapy to have a significant and independent treatment effect in depressive disorders compared with psychotherapy. Combination treatment with both modalities has also shown to be beneficial for remitting depressive symptoms in this patient population. Therefore, treatment should be individualized for each specific patient based on severity of disease, history of depression and response to treatment, cost of treatment, and patient preference.
On a nonlinear singular one-dimensional parabolic equation and double Laplace decomposition method
Authors: Eltayeb Gadain Hassan , Bachar Imed
Published: January 2017

In this article, the double Laplace transform and Adomian decomposition method are used to solve the nonlinear singular one-dimensional parabolic equation. In addition, we studied the convergence analysis of our problem. Using two examples, our proposed method is illustrated and the obtained results are confirmed.
United European Gastroenterology evidence‐based guidelines for the diagnosis and therapy of chronic pancreatitis (HaPanEU)
Authors: Löhr J Matthias , Dominguez‐Munoz Enrique , Rosendahl Jonas , Besselink Marc , Mayerle Julia , Lerch Markus M , Haas Stephan , Akisik Fatih , Kartalis Nikolaos , Iglesias‐Garcia Julio , Keller Jutta , Boermeester Marja , Werner Jens , Dumonceau Jean‐Marc , Fockens Paul , Drewes Asbjorn , Ceyhan Gürlap , Lindkvist Björn , Drenth Joost , Ewald Nils , Hardt Philip , de Madaria Enrique , Witt Heiko , Schneider Alexander , Manfredi Riccardo , Brøndum Frøkjer J , Rudolf Sasa , Bollen Thomas , Bruno Marco ,   HaPanEU/UEG Working Group
Published: January 2017

Background

There have been substantial improvements in the management of chronic pancreatitis, leading to the publication of several national guidelines during recent years. In collaboration with United European Gastroenterology, the working group on ‘Harmonizing diagnosis and treatment of chronic pancreatitis across Europe’ (HaPanEU) developed these European guidelines using an evidence‐based approach.

Methods

Twelve multidisciplinary review groups performed systematic literature reviews to answer 101 predefined clinical questions. Recommendations were graded using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system and the answers were assessed by the entire group in a Delphi process online. The review groups presented their recommendations during the 2015 annual meeting of United European Gastroenterology. At this one‐day, interactive conference, relevant remarks were voiced and overall agreement on each recommendation was quantified using plenary voting (Test and Evaluation Directorate). After a final round of adjustments based on these comments, a draft version was sent out to external reviewers.

Results

The 101 recommendations covered 12 topics related to the clinical management of chronic pancreatitis: aetiology (working party (WP)1), diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis with imaging (WP2 and WP3), diagnosis of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (WP4), surgery in chronic pancreatitis (WP5), medical therapy (WP6), endoscopic therapy (WP7), treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts (WP8), pancreatic pain (WP9), nutrition and malnutrition (WP10), diabetes mellitus (WP11) and the natural course of the disease and quality of life (WP12). Using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system, 70 of the 101 (70%) recommendations were rated as ‘strong' and plenary voting revealed ‘strong agreement' for 99 (98%) recommendations.

Conclusions

The 2016 HaPanEU/United European Gastroenterology guidelines provide evidence‐based recommendations concerning key aspects of the medical and surgical management of chronic pancreatitis based on current available evidence. These recommendations should serve as a reference standard for existing management of the disease and as a guide for future clinical research.
Achieving the sustainable development agenda: The governance – conflict nexus
Authors: Nygård Håvard Mokleiv
Published: January 2017

In September 2015, the international community agreed on 17 new sustainable development goals (SDG) as part of the new sustainable development agenda. This current perspective article discusses development cooperation under the new SDG agenda with a special focus on Norway’s efforts. It provides background on the governance system for development cooperation and discusses particular issues and topics present policy focuses on, and strategies and policies for achieving the SDG agenda for Norway, both at home and abroad. The role of education as a core part of development cooperation is highlighted and discussed throughout. A recurring theme is the role of conflict, stability and fragility for Norwegian development cooperation in particular. As discussed, Norway has a long-standing tradition of involvement in peacebuilding across the globe. Both the explicit link made by the new SDG agenda between peace and justice, through SDG 16, and its other goals bring the UN’s priorities in line with what has been a guiding principle for Norwegian development cooperation for several decades already.