bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Grit and Self-Discipline as Predictors of Effort and Academic Attainment
Authors: Hagger Martin S , Hamilton Kyra
Published: July 2018

Background. Beyond ability, traits related to perseverance, such as grit and self-discipline, are associated with adaptive educational outcomes. Few studies have examined the independent effects of these traits on outcomes and the mechanisms involved.Aims. The present study estimated parameters of a process model in which grit perseverance of effort (grit-effort) and consistency of interest (grit-interest) dimensions and self-discipline were independent predictors of students’ science grades. The effect of the grit-effort on grades was expected to be mediated by students’ self-reported effort on optional out-of-school science learning activities.Sample. Secondary school students (N=110) aged between 12 and 14 years.Methods. The study adopted a correlational design with measures taken on three occasions. Students completed self-report measures of grit and self-discipline early in the semester and effort on optional out-of-school learning activities five weeks later. Students’ science grades were collected at the end of the semester. Data were analysed using Bayesian path analyses using non-informative and informative priors derived from previous research.Results. Consistent with predictions, we found effects of grit-effort on science grades mediated by effort, and self-discipline on grades. Contrary to predictions, we also found an effect of self-discipline on grades mediated by effort. Zero was a credible value for direct effects of grit-effort on grades, and grit-interest on effort and grades.Conclusions. Results suggest grit-effort and self-discipline relate to effort on educational activities linked to better grades. The direct effect of self-discipline on grades suggests that it may be related to other activities that determine science attainment.
Spontaneous task structure formation results in a cost to incidental memory of task stimuli
Authors: Bejjani Christina , Egner Tobias
Published: July 2018

Humans are characterized by their ability to leverage rules for classifying and linking stimuli to context-appropriate actions. Previous studies have shown that when humans learn stimulus-response associations for two-dimensional stimuli, they implicitly form and generalize hierarchical rule structures (task-sets). However, the cognitive processes underlying structure formation are poorly understood. Across four experiments, we manipulated how trial-unique images mapped onto responses to bias spontaneous task-set formation and investigated structure learning through the lens of incidental stimulus encoding. Participants performed a learning task designed to either promote task-set formation (by “motor-clustering” possible stimulus-action rules), or to discourage it (by using arbitrary category-response mappings). We adjudicated between two hypotheses: Structure learning may promote attention to task stimuli, thus resulting in better subsequent memory. Alternatively, building task-sets might impose cognitive demands (for instance, on working memory) that divert attention away from stimulus encoding. While the clustering manipulation affected task-set formation, there were also substantial individual differences. Importantly, structure learning incurred a cost: spontaneous task-set formation was associated with diminished stimulus encoding. Thus, spontaneous hierarchical task-set formation appears to involve cognitive demands that divert attention away from encoding of task stimuli during structure learning.
The birth of the International Journal of Human and Health Sciences (IJHHS )
Authors: Abdul Rahman Abdul Rashid , Mahmood Abu Kholdun Al
Published: July 2018

Abstract not availableInternational Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 01 No. 01 January’17. Page : 5-6
Incorporating Islam in the Therapeutic Community modality for rehabilitation of substance and drug users. A Malaysian experience
Authors: Nazar Mohamed Mahmood , Sabitha Marican
Published: July 2018

Therapeutic Community (TC) was introduced in Malaysia back in the early 1990’s. TC was adopted from Daytop Village after rehabilitation officers attended a series of on-site training. Daytop model do not emphasis on religious aspects but when it was brought to Malaysia, Islam was made one of the primary components of TC. Compulsory five-time daily prayers, “Sunat” prayers, recitation of “doa”, “zikir”, reading Quranic verses and Prophet’s “Sunnah” has been a practice in spiritual-based rehabilitation in Malaysia and many other Muslim countries such as Indonesia and Brunei are incorporated in TC. In addition, program such as daily morning and departmental meetings also discussed daily, weekly and monthly religious programs; maintenance of the mosque is incorporated into the job function and specific budget and time were allocated for religious practices. Clients who do not perform their religious duties will be subjected to queries by both staffs and other clients. Counseling and penalty was imposed for recalcitrant. Studies in Malaysia found that clients readily accept religious inputs in the program, as it will be a part of their life outside the rehabilitation center. For those who are not religiously inclined, rejections are also evident. Encounter group in TC helps them to discover these rejections. Non- Muslim are provided with their own place of worship and religious teachings in accordance to their beliefs, however are invited to interact in Islamic religious program that do not involve worshipping, because it focusses on common good life values. In conclusion, the of Islamic practices and values in TC has shown a positive effect on Muslim clients undergoing substance use treatment in MalaysiaInternational Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 01 No. 01 January’17. Page : 7-17
Artificial nutrition and hydration
Authors: Ali Albar Mohammed , Hassan Chamsi Pasha
Published: July 2018

Hydration and nutrition are essential for the maintenance of life. Discontinuation of artificial support can result in distress for patients, family members, and healthcare providers. Proponents of maintaining hydration argue that hydration is a basic human need and can reduce and prevent dehydration-induced delirium, opioid neurotoxicity, and/or fatigue in terminally ill patients. Opponents have argued that parenteral hydration is burdensome and prolongs the dying process. Islamic law does not allow the withholding or withdrawal of basic nutrition because this would result in death by starvation. Terminal patients should continue receiving nutrition, hydration, and general supportive care without discrimination.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 01 No. 01 January’17. Page : 18-21
Incidence of Esophageal Cancer in Madina Hospital, Somalia
Authors: Alasow AD , Fiqi A , Yusuf M , Dalmar A , İhsan Karaman M , Tunc Eren , Handan Ankarali , Orhan Alimoğlu
Published: July 2018

Background: Esophageal cancer is a significant and increasing health problem. In 2005, there were 497,700 new cases, and the prevalence is expected to double by 2025. It also remains a deadly disease, with 416,500 people estimated to have died from esophageal cancer in 2005. Our aim was to identify the frequency of esophageal carcinoma in Madina Hospitals.Methods: This is a cross sectional study investigating the frequency of esophageal carcinoma in Somalia between 2010 and 2015.Results: The study group consisted of 300 patients with esophageal cancer of whom 162 (54%) were males revealing that the disease has a slight male predominance. The mean age was 67±7.7 (range: 54-80) years. The diagnosis was made by barium meal series in 87% of the patients, whereas 10% were diagnosed via computerized tomography (CT) scan, and 2% were diagnosed with endoscopy. Seventy-eight (26%) patients underwent surgery while the remaining registered patients went into palliative treatment due to the detection of a late stage or metastatic cancer at primary diagnosis.Conclusions: Endoscopic screening for all who can afford may lead to early detection of esophageal cancer, and early treatment as well as the provision of staging methods in the hospital to stage the disease and prioritize management of the disease may reduce morbidity & mortality of this condition.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 01 No. 01 January’17. Page : 30-33
Comparison of Psychiatric Symptoms and Attitudes of Coping with Stress in Somatization Disorder and Fibromyalgia and Osteoarthritis and Their Relatives
Authors: Safinaz Ataoğlu , Ahmet Ata ğlu , Handan Ankarali , Seyit Ankarali , Bahar Ataoğlu , Bahar Őlmez Safiye
Published: July 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare patients with fibromyalgia, their first degree relatives; osteoarthritis patients, their first degree relatives; patients with somatization disorder and healthy controls in terms of psychological symptoms, somatic complaints and ways of coping with stress.Materials and Methods: The study is planned as crosssectional. Patients who presented to the Düzce University Faculty of Medicine, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinic between June 2016 and January 2017 and who diagnosed with fibromyalgia and osteoarthritis, and their first-degree relatives, patients with somatization disorders and a healthy control group who filled out the informed consent form was included in this study. The socio-demographic information query form, Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (COPE) Form, Psychological Symptom Checklist (SCL- 90) and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were applied to all volunteers. Covariance analysis was used to compare groups in terms of scale scores.Results: It was determined that the groups were not homogeneous in terms of age, VAS, education level, sex, marital status and occupation. The groups were compared taking into account the impacts on the COPE and SCL-90 scores of these characteristics which are thought to be confounders. As a result of the evaluations, it was determined that the patients with fibromyalgia and somatization preferred the problem-focused coping and emotional-focused coping attitudes significantly less and the non-functional coping attitude significantly more. Osteoarthritis patients were found to be in the middle of both sides on many occasions. However, there was no significant difference among the groups in terms of psychological symptoms when the effect of the confounding factors were eliminated.Conclusion: Since the findings achieved suggest that fibromyalgia and somatization disorder are the same diseases, it has been concluded that more research should be conducted on the subject.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 01 No. 01 January’17. Page : 34-44
3D CBCT analysis of a rare case of bilateral complex odontomas in a Geriatric Patient
Authors: Patil Santosh R , Rao Krishna A , Alam Mohammad Khursheed
Published: July 2018

Odontomas are the most common odontogenic tumors of the jaw bones which are benign, slow growing and asymptomatic. They are usually diagnosed on routine radiological examination during second decade of life. We report a rare case of bilateral compound odontomas in a geriatric patient.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 01 No. 01 January’17. Page : 45-47
Drug Prescribing to the Elderly Patients
Authors: A Misha’l Aly
Published: July 2018

Age-related physiologic and anatomic changes in various body systems are accompanied by significant pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic alterations that make it mandatory for treating physicians to adjust types and dosages of medications for their older patients. Moreover, physicians should be always alert for adverse drug events, and consider any new symptoms as drug-related until proven otherwise. Other issues addressed include prescribing cascades, polypharmacy, drug-drug interactions, and the need to review all medications used by the elderly patients, with special attention to non-prescription and herbetic drugs. This review aims at maximizing safe medicine prescribing, and minimizing adverse drug event in caring for older subjects.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 01 No. 02 July’17. Page : 65-69
Oral Hygiene Awarness Among The Primary School Childrenin A Rural Areaof Bangladesh
Authors: Karim Farzana
Published: July 2018

Background: Now-a-days dental problem is one of the most common diseases in the world.Proper oral hygiene practicingin a regular basis are great ways to prevention of dental disease.Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out with a view to assess the oral hygiene awareness among the primary school children of a rural area under Dhaka division of Bangladesh. Data about oral hygiene related knowledge and practices were collected by face to face interview of the children. Oral examination was done by disposable dental mirror and probe under sufficient light. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.Results: Among the 114 respondents 53.51% are male and rest are female. Age range of the respondents were 6 to 11 years.Oral hygiene related knowledge: Among the respondents 78.07% told that regularteeth cleaning is important,60.52% respondents told that teeth should be cleaned once daily,62.29% told that teeth should be cleaned by tooth brush and tooth paste,70.17% told that teeth should be cleaned before breakfast. Oral hygienerelated practice: Among 114 respondents 64.04% cleaned their teeth everyday,51.75%used tooth paste and toothbrush to clean their teeth, 38.60%respondents cleaned their teeth in their convenient time. Among the tooth brush users, most of them changed their toothbrush when it was damaged or lost. All the respondents used match stick or coconut leaf stick if food was deposited in between their teeth. Oral hygiene status: Among the respondents 68.32 % had caries in their mouth. About 53.42% caries found in the lower jaw. Caries were more prevalent in molar teeth. About 69.34% respondents had plaque or calculus, 46.54% experienced gingival bleeding.Conclusion: Oral hygiene awareness among the respondents were very low.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 01 No. 02 July’17. Page : 79-82
Revival of Bio Medical Research in The Muslim World
Authors: Khan Mohammad Iqbal
Published: July 2018

Abstract not availableInternational Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 02 No. 01 Jan’18. Page : 5-7
Futility of Medical treatment
Authors: Mohammed Ali Albar , Hassan Chamsi Pasha
Published: July 2018

Medical and technological resources allow many patients affected by advanced diseases to receive more aggressive and expensive treatments than ever before. This wide range of available options can frequently lead to complex end-of-life decisions, such as when to start palliative care programs. Medical futility refers to interventions that are unlikely to produce any significant benefit for the patient. Medical futility is a daily problem, with significant ethical implications and concerns about the respect of the main ethics principles: beneficence, non-maleficence, patient’s autonomy, and justice. Proceeding with futile treatment is neither in the best interests of the patient nor of the healthcare system. This paper examines the definition of futility, applications of the concept of medical futility, the complexities of management when care is considered futile.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 02 No. 01 Jan’18. Page : 13-17
The Objectionable Practises of The In Vitro Fertilization-Embryo Transfer Method With Respect to Islamic Law (Fiqh)
Authors: Görgülü Ülfet
Published: July 2018

Upon discovery of the In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer method (IVF-ET), outcomes such as production of a great number of embryos, pre-implantation genetic screening and diagnosis, sex selection and multi-parent IVF have gradually become possible. These developments need to be evaluated in the context of the general principles of Islam as well. Islamic communities have accepted the IVF-ET technology, which allows infertile couples to have children, as an exceptional solution and treatment. Nevertheless over time, the IVF method introduced expansions that contradict with religious, ethical and social values.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 02 No. 01 Jan’18. Page : 18-24
A Piercing Fish Bone Through Tracheal Wall
Authors: Mohamad Adam , Ahmad Mohd Zaki , Mohamad Irfan
Published: July 2018

Fish bone ingestion is a common encounter in otorhinolaryngology setting. The patient usually present with foreign body sensation and odynophagia. Owing to its sharp end in nature, migration to the surrounding structures such as thyroid gland and neck muscles and have been reported. However the migration into the trachea is an extremely rare occurrence. We present a patient with fish bone ingestion which pierced into the trachea wall which was successfully removed via bronchoscopy.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 02 No. 01 Jan’18. Page : 35-37
Journey to Shariah Hospital:An Indonesian Experience
Authors: Ismail Siti Aisyah , Hamid Burhanuddin , Sulistiadi Wahyu , Sagiran -
Published: July 2018

Objective: As the world’s most populous Muslim country, Indonesia carries the responsibilityto establish an Islamic healthcare system that are of superior quality. Believing that Islamic Shariah is the best system for any activity, the need to translate the system into a measurable and objective healthcare quality tools are eminent. In 2015 the Standard of Shariah Hospital Certification were published and in 2016 the National Shariah Council produced a fatwa on the implementation of Shariah Hospital. In 2017, a second version of the Standard were published to be formalized by the National Shariah Council as the awarding body. In this article, the working principles of a hospital practicing the Shariah provisions in Indonesia will be explained.Approach and Value: The concept uses the maqasidic approach in it’s structure and refers to the National Hospital Accreditation Commission format. Normative standards are conserved and Shariah values are added in all critical points. Further technical details are produced to ensure proper implementation of the standards, which are divided into Shariah management and Shariah services. Two hospitals were appointed as the pilot project and many more are awaiting it’s implementation. As a conclusion it can be said that Shariah Hospital Certification standards provides added value on top of the national hospital accreditation standards. Hospital performance are expected to improve through the implementation of Shariah Hospital Certification by means of establishing quality work culture in hospital staffs through the inculcation of shariahvaluesInternational Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 02 No. 02 April’18. Page : 55-64
Metabolic syndrome in urban and rural communities of Bangladesh
Authors: Billah Syed Muhammad Baqui , Jahan MS
Published: July 2018

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a rising public health concern. Bangladesh profile need exploration through research.Methods: Socio-epidemiologic factors of 341 urban and 149 rural people were studied with anthropometric examination, blood pressure recording and fasting blood for sugar (FBS), triglyceride (TG) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) analysis. MetS was decided on the basis of National Cholesterol Education Program ATP III criteria.Result: Prevalence of MetS was 38.78% (95% CI: 34.56%-43.16%). Rural prevalence (48.99%; 95% CI: 41.09%-56.94%) was more (p=0.002) than urban (34.31%; 95% CI: 29.47%-39.50%); low HDL cholesterol prevailed around 97% urban and 93% rural respondents; high TG was found among 48% urban and 59% rural respondents (p=0.02), 21% urban and 44% rural respondents were obese (p<0.001); around 15% urban and 22% rural had hypertension (HTN, p=0.04); high FBS was found among 28% urban and 26% rural respondents. Age (OR=1.06, 95% CI: 1.04-1.09) and exercise (OR=2.31, 95% CI: 1.40-3.80) of urban area whereas only males of rural (OR=5.88, 95% CI: 2.52- 13.73) area were significantly associated with MetS.Conclusions: Prevalence of MetS is higher in rural Bangladesh than urban in terms of dyslipidaemia, HTN and obesity. Health education and mass campaign regarding the risk factors including change in lifestyle can modify the condition.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 02 No. 02 April’18. Page : 71-77
Herpes Zoster Infection of Maxillary Nerve in a Healthy Lady
Authors: Mohamad Adam , Mohamad Wan Emelda Wan , Soleh Mohd Najeb , Mohamad Irfan
Published: July 2018

Herpes zoster infection (HZI) occurs as a result from previous exposure to varicella zoster virus and the disease recurred at later onset of life when patient are in immunocompromised state. The manifestation can be varies and in fact can involve all parts of dermatome distribution. We present a case of HZI involving the second division of trigeminal nerve which involved danger triangle of face that resolved after one week of intravenous acyclovir.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 02 No. 02 April’18. Page : 94-97
Challenges faced by young third-world doctors
Authors: Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Arshad Anas Imran
Published: July 2018

Abstract not availableInternational Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 02 No. 03 July’18. Page : 106
Biological Mechanisms Underlying Addiction
Authors: Yargic Ilhan
Published: July 2018

Addiction is a behavioral disorder related to alterations in neurobiological systems involved in reward system, brain stress response, physical withdrawal, inhibition and executive control. Alcohol or drug addiction does not occur without using these substances but genetic and epigenetic variations in these neurobiological systems cause individual differences. The current review summarizes the literature on the biological basis of drug addiction. In addition, this review tries to explain the path from occasional recreational substance use to the compulsive, addicted state. It will help understand why avoiding psychoactive drugs or not to start using is very crucial.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 02 No. 03 July’18. Page : 107-111
Frequency of Hemorrhoids in Madina and Osman Fiqi Hospitals of Somalia
Authors: Ismail SA , Yusuf M , Eren T , Ankarali H , Alimoglu O
Published: July 2018

Aim: Hemorrhoids are very common anorectal conditions, defined as the symptomatic enlargement and distal displacement of the normal anal cushions. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of hemorrhoids in Madina and Osman Fiqi Hospitals of Mogadishu, Somalia.Methods: The data of all patients with the diagnosis of hemorrhoids who were admitted to Madina and Osman Fiqi Hospitals between January 2012 and December 2015 including demographics, diagnoses, regions of accommodation, and physical examination findings was recorded and analyzed.Results: Among the total study group of 100 patients 57 (57%) were men and 43 (43%) were women with a mean age of 47.6 (range: 35-65) years. According to the regions of accommodation of the patients, it was detected that 52 (52%) patients were from the center of Mogadishu and the remaining lived in other regions. With regard to the physical examination results, 58 (58%) patients were determined to have internal hemorrhoids, while the remaining 42 (42%) patients possessed external hemorrhoids.Conclusions: Hemorrhoidal disease has a peak incidence between the ages of 45 - 65 years for both genders and higher socioeconomic status is associated with increased prevalence. A detailed physical examination is essential for diagnosis. Despite its prevalence and low morbidity, hemorrhoidal disease has a high impact on quality of life, and can be managed with both surgical and nonsurgical treatments.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 02 No. 03 July’18. Page : 140-144
Atrial Myxoma? But it’s not
Authors: Ramziyah AS Nik , Hidayah ZA Nor , Anas SR , Nazri M , Nazri A , Azerin O
Published: July 2018

Postpartum period carries high risk of pulmonary embolism due to hypercoagulability state. Pulmonary embolism (PE) should be suspected in postpartum patient who has short history of progressing right heart failure without underlying heart disease. We report a case of pulmonary embolism with large right atrial thrombus without deep vein thrombosis in a 27 years old lady, para 1+2,post-delivery day 30 who presented with sudden onset of dyspnea and giddiness. She was diagnosed with right atrial thrombus complicated by acute pulmonary embolism. An emergency operation was performed and intraoperatively a pedunculated mobile mass is attached to the right atrial wall mimicking atrial myxoma, with incidental finding of patent foramen ovale. The mass was removed and concomitant pulmonary embolectomy was performed. The postoperative course was uneventful with the patient subsequently discharged.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 02 No. 03 July’18. Page : 155-157
Preservation of Lingual Nerve In Excision Of Bilateral Submandibular Sialolith Via Intraoral Approach: A Case Report
Authors: Mamat Mohd Shaiful Nizam , Ibrahim Rohaida , Abdullah Baharudin
Published: July 2018

Salivary gland stone (sialolithiasis) is most common disease of the salivary gland and mainly occur at the submandibular gland. Traditionally, sialolithiasis is removed via an extra-oral approach but the major disadvantages of this treatment include a risk of injuring the lingul nerve, marginal mandibular nerve and scar formation. In this case report, we revealed an even less invasive intraoral surgical technique for the removal of sialolith that does not affect the submandibular gland function with the preservation of lingual nerve. This report describes a patient who had unusual bilateral submandibular gland sialolith that posteriorly located,which successfully removed via intraoral approach without any postoperative complications.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 02 No. 03 July’18. Page : 161-163
Extra skeletal soft tissue chondroma (ESSC) of right thumb- a benign tumour diagnosed by FNAC – a rare case report
Authors: Chakraborty Tirthankar , Jana Kabyasree , Mondal Pratima , Das Sanjusree , Ghosh Tapan Kumar , Ghosh Sulekha
Published: July 2018

Extra skeletal soft tissue chondroma (ESSC) is very rare slowly growing benign tumours usually occur in hands and feet. Lesion must be differentiated from other benign and malignant lesions in these locations by clinical, radiological, cytological and histopathological examination for proper management of such benign entity. A case is presenting here in a thirty five years old lady suffering from similar type of lesion over right thumb diagnosed preoperatively by fine needle aspiration cytology because of rarity. Diagnosis was confirmed by surgical excision and histopathological examination.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 02 No. 03 July’18. Page : 164-166
¿Cuál es el efecto de las nuevas definiciones de hipertensión arterial en el adulto sobre el diagnóstico y manejo de esta condición en la gestante y de los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo?
Authors: Mateus Julio
Published: July 2018

El American College of Cardiology (ACC) y el American Heart Association (AHA) publicaron nuevas guías para la prevención, detección, prevención, evaluación y manejo de la hipertensión en el adulto en el 2017 basadas en una revisión comprensiva sistemática de la literatura por parte de un comité científico de expertos. En las definiciones del ACC/AHA, hipertensión arterial se divide en estadio 1 (presión arterial sistólica (PAS) 130-139 mmHg y presión arterial diastólica (PAD) 80-89 mmHg) y estadio 2 (PAS ≥ 140 mmHg y PAD ≥ 90 mmHg). Los objetivos primarios del ACA/AHA son la detección temprana de la enfermedad, evaluación rápida, manejo oportuno y prevención de la enfermedad cardiovascular. Con estos cambios, se estima un aumento del 15 a 20% de la prevalencia de la hipertensión en los Estados Unidos (EE. UU.) en los próximos años. También, se espera un aumento considerable del número de gestantes que van a concebir con el diagnóstico de hipertensión arterial. No se han publicado aun actualizaciones en la clasificación de hipertensión pregestacional y gestacional por parte de organizaciones profesionales como el American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists (ACOG), pero podrían ser publicadas próximamente. Mientras tanto, nosotros debemos continuar siguiendo las guías clínicas actuales de manejo de estas condiciones. En los EE. UU. se recomienda seguir las guías clínicas publicadas por el ACOG en el 2013, las cuales especifican la clasificación, predicción y manejo de la hipertensión durante el embarazo. En estas guías, hipertensión se define como una presión arterial (PA) ≥ 140/90 mmHg. Según el ACOG, el objetivo en el manejo médico de la hipertensión es mantener la presión arterial (PA) en <160/105 mmHg. Se recomienda el control estricto de la PA < 140/90 mmHg solamente en pacientes con hipertensión, comorbilidades como diabetes pregestacional y daño de órgano blanco. Para las otras pacientes, no se recomienda control estricto de la hipertensión, debido a la falta de evidencia científica de los beneficios y los posibles efectos negativos sobre la perfusión placentaria y el crecimiento fetal. Se espera que el estudio clínico pragmático aleatorizado multicéntrico que se está realizando en los EE. UU. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02299414) suministre información acerca del mejoramiento de los resultados maternos y perinatales asociados con el control estricto de la PA en pacientes con hipertensión crónica. Por ahora, los especialistas en obstetricia deben continuar siguiendo las recomendaciones del ACOG o de otras organizaciones profesionales y estar atentos a nuevos comunicados por parte de estas organizaciones o expertos en el tema.
To the issues of history and formalization of the concept of anesthesia
Authors: Poberezhny V. I. , Logvinov A. S. , Dmytriiev D. V.
Published: July 2018

Anesthesiology as a science has passed a long way of development. The empirical period begins with the moment when people realize that they can reduce pain and get rid of it. Real prerequisites for the development of effective methods of anesthesia began to take shape at the end of the 18th century. It conditioned the emergence of a second (pre-scientific) period of development of anesthesiology. The active use of anesthesia in surgery led to special training for anesthesia. Improved methods of general anesthesia, developed methods for replacing and managing the functions of vital organs and the organism as a whole, scientific discoveries and systematization of the results of scientific research formed the basis for the formation of anesthesiology and intensive therapy as a separate scientific and practical discipline.

The concept of “anesthesia” was introduced in the scientific professional language – a physiologically based, combined and multicomponent, selectively directed and balanced set of therapeutic and prophylactic measures aimed at optimizing the algorithm for performing physiological functions of the human body during the perioperative period of the surgical method of treatment or in the procedure followed by the formation and development of the phenomenon of pain. Its components:

1) modulation of the psychoemotional state;

2) modulation of the neurovegetative state;

3) analgesia;

4) anesthesia;

5) miorelaxation.
Mathematical modeling for prediction of complicated acute appendicitis in children
Authors: Konoplitsky V. S. , Motygin V. V. , Yakimenko A. G. , Dmytriiev D. V. , Mikhalchuk T. I.
Published: July 2018

Endogenous intoxication, which accompanies the complicated course of acute appendicitis in children, is one of the serious conditions, which are the main cause of complications in the postoperative period. Diverse clinical observations done by clinicians suggest that despite the use of modern technologies in operating equipment, anesthetic support, the number of complications in the postoperative period has no tendency to decrease, and the main cause of lethal outcomes with appendicular peritonitis is lightning development of severe degree of endotoxicosis, which develops as a result of resorbing toxic substances formed of many components, including pathogenic microflora and destruction metabolism.

Purpose. Creation of a mathematical model for prediction of complicated acute appendicitis in children using the functions of regression analysis of EXCEL spreadsheet by approximating experimental data.

Materials and methods. In the work, there is information about 59 patients with acute appendicitis treated at the clinic of pediatric surgery at the National Pirogov Memorial Medical University. The data on patients were divided into two groups: patients with not complicated course of pathology – 24 patients, and patients with complicated course of acute appendicitis – 35 children. The control group served the data of 37 healthy children. In each of the three groups, the following parameters were studied: gender, age, bed day, duration of the disease, presence of symptoms of peritoneal irritation, the nature of exudate in the abdominal cavity, the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, leukocytosis, quantitative characteristics of white blood formula, ESR, cellogenic endogenous intoxication: leukocyte index of intoxication and hematological index of intoxication. All the data were determined directly at the time of hospitalization of a patient to the hospital.

Results. Discussion. Based on multiple correlation x = f (x1 , x2 ) a two-factor mathematical model of probability of the complicated course of acute appendicitis in children was created. According to the obtained results of the study of the system of three equations with three unknowns, it was established that if the indicator of the form of the disease is y = 2.67 and above, when, in numerical terms, the result falls into the zone of complicated flow of acute appendicitis and completely coincides with data analysis of the three groups of patients.

Conclusions. The components that determine the uncomplicated course of acute appendicitis in children, according to the developed two-factor model, include LII and GPI, which exceed the values intoxication of certain intervals studied at the time of hospitalization. The analyzed indices were determined by the degree of severity of the pathological process, duration of disease, virulence of microflora and age of patients against the background of the formed endogenous intoxication syndrome.
Review of respiratory therapies in patients with spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Artemenko V. Yu. , Plotna E. V.
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this article was to systematize available literary data and to provide general recommendations for respiratory therapy in patients with spinal muscular atrophy. Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a severe neuromuscular disease with autosomal recessive inheritance with degeneration of alpha motor neurons in the anterior horns of the spinal cord, leading to progressive proximal muscle weakness and paralysis. SMN 1–2 genes potentially encode identical proteins, although most of the transcripts of the SMN1 genes are halfsized, whereas most transcripts of the SMN2 genes do not contain the seventh exon. Therefore, the SMN2 gene is only partially functional, and a low-level SMN protein is produced in SMA patients. Moreover, the number of copies of the SMN2 can not be considered an exact predictive factor for any particular patient. The main causes of mortality and deterioration in the quality of life are the development of secondary respiratory failure.

Type 1 (a, b, c) is the heaviest: early onset and lack of motor abilities, usually patients with a disease of this type survive no more than 2 years.

Type 2 – an intermediate type characterized by a later onset, the patient may take a sedentary position, survival may reach the adult height.

Type 3 is the softest form that manifests itself at the age of 1 year, the patient can walk and stand. The forecast is more favorable.

Type 4 “adult form” manifests itself at the age from 10 to 20 or from 20 to 30 years and has a favorable outlook.

The main causes of respiratory failure in patients with neuromuscular diseases are weakness of the respiratory muscles, unproductive cough and sleep disturbances. The weakness of the respiratory muscles, defined as the inability of resting respiratory muscles in the state of rest to create a normal level of pressure and air flow velocity when entering and exhaling, is common. Patients with neuromuscular diseases are susceptible to sleep disruption, especially in the REM sleep phase, with the most frequent form of this disorder being hypoventilation. Over time, hypoventilation in a dream can become more prolonged, resulting in the development of a severe form of hypoxia, an increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood and the suppression of the activity of the respiratory center. Thus, as a result of the review of literary data, a strategy of respiratory support in patients with CMA was proposed.
Propofol in modern multicomponent general anesthesia
Authors: Sorokina E. Yu.
Published: July 2018

This article examines the use of propofrol in the perioperative period. It is known that one of the main principles of modern anesthesiology is to ensure maximum safety of the patient during and after anesthesia. As the knowledge about the mechanisms of pain and anesthesia increases, the development and improvement of methods of general anesthesia continues. General anesthesia should provide rapid and pleasant induction, predictable loss of consciousness, stability of vital functions, minimal side effects, rapid and smooth recovery of protective reflexes and psychomotor functions. In connection with the introduction of new anesthetics with improved properties, a discussion continues in the publications about the choosing of the hypnotic component of general anesthesia.

Thus, the article stipulates that the use of propofol in daily practice of an anesthesiologist improves the quality of anesthetic care in general and increases the safety of patients.

When propofol is used, where medium fatty chain triglycerides (MST) and long chain triglycerides (LST) are used as the fat emulsion solvent, pain manifestations upon administration of the drug are reduced, that is valuable for comfortable anesthesia. Propofol LCT/MST has a lesser effect on blood lipid levels in liver transplantation, it helps to reduce the incidence of thrombophlebitis after administration and to reduce the negative effect on lipid metabolism in patients with a severe initial disturbance (despite the relatively small amounts of fat emulsion administered during anesthesia). The significance of this factor increases with the duration of anesthesia.
A case of multiple spontaneous hepatic ruptures and literature review
Authors: Tytarenko N. V. , Sergiychuk O. V.
Published: July 2018

Liver rupture most commonly occurs because of a blunt abdominal trauma. We present a case of peliosis hepatis in a postpartum patient who developed hemoperitoneum due to spontaneous hepatic rupture from this rare liver condition. Physicians should be aware of this rare condition in patients with non-traumatic liver rupture and with hemoperitoneum. Peliosis hepatis is most often asymptomatic and incidentally found during autopsy. It comes to the surgeon’s attention just after the spontaneous rupture of the lesion, resulting in a massive hemoperitoneum. Peliosis hepatis should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of sudden intraperitoneal hemorrhage, especially when the cause of hepatic rupture is unknown.
An anesthesiologist’s view of problems in HIV-positive patients
Authors: Grigimalsky E. V. , Garga A. I. , Tarasov A. V. , Dovgiy I. N. , Budnyk N. N.
Published: July 2018

Currently, HIV infection is becoming epidemic. More than 42% of HIV-infected people in the world are women of childbearing age. With the onset of antiretroviral therapy, chemoprophylaxis during pregnancy, and planned cesarean section, the risk of perinatal HIV transmission decreases to 1–2%. However, various side effects such as anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, fatty liver dystrophy, toxic hepatitis, acute pancreatitis, increased serum transaminases, changes in biochemical parameters of liver function, impaired glucose tolerance, and hypocoagulation may occur in the context of antiretroviral therapy. This poses to the anesthesiologist a number of new tasks to ensure patient safety during the perioperative period.
CITY-PLANNING ASPECTS OF TRAFFIC ARRANGEMENT IN HISTORICAL PART OF TOMSK-CITY
Authors: Korenev V. I. , Burlutskii A. A. , Guseva U. Yu.
Published: July 2018

The paper presents the research results and design work on town-planning and traffic development in the right-bank Tomsk-city which covers the area from the river Ushaika entry to Kommunal'nyi bridge. The analysis of the planning concepts is given herein and new approaches are suggested to the traffic arrangement in this territory.  Computer simulation is used to analyze the variants of street and road network, and the suggested optimum decision provides a gradual development of this territory. As a result, the traffic load in the center of Tomsk-city will be reduced.
Духовно-смысловые и жанрово-стилевые аспекты оратории Ф. Листа «Христос»
Authors: Shpak Galyna
Published: July 2018

Статья посвящена стилистическим и духовно-смысловым аспектам оратории Ф. Листа «Христос», рассматриваемым в русле жанрово-стилевой эволюции творчества композитора.Ключевые слова: оратория, романтизм, оратория «Христос», Цецилианское движение.
Классические тенденции развития стиля оркестровой музыки и творчество Й. Гайдна
Authors: Wei Zou
Published: July 2018

В статье раскрывается понятие стиля в его современном понимании, определяются основные подходы к явлению классического стиля. Характеризуются тенденции становления симфонического метода Й. Гайдна как ведущего представителя классической оркестровой музыки.Ключевые слова: стиль, канон, классический, симфония, духовые инструменты.
Нова сакральна музика: художньо-стильовий синтез традицій та новацій (латиномовний аспект)
Authors: Bondar Yevgeniia
Published: July 2018

Стаття присвячена дослідженню особливостей художньо-стильового синтезу сучасної неосакральної хорової музики, де основою опусу стають образи, сформовані канонічним латинським текстом. В роботі представлені окремі визначення щодо  провідних ознак неосакральної хорової музики латиномовної традиції в контексті дослідження явища художньо-стильового синтезу в сучасній хоровій творчості. Ключові слова: хорова творчість, неосакральна хорова музика, інтонаційно-художній синтез, художньо-стильовий синтез
Социокультурные аспекты формирования профессионализма артиста мюзикла
Authors: Oganezova-Grygorenko Olha
Published: July 2018

Статья посвящена проблеме специфики профессионального мастерства артиста мюзикла в его социокультурном аспекте. Мюзикл рассматривается как феномен не только театральной, но и так называемой массовой культуры. Рассматриваются социально-культурные факторы, которые от истоков становления жанра мюзикла влияли на особенности формирования специфического типа профессионализма артиста мюзикла, обусловленного, с одной стороны, триединой природой жанра – органичный сплав вокала, танца, драмы, и, с другой,  наличием сформированной артистической индивидуальности, чутко реагирующей на социально-культурные факторы современного мира и музыкального искусства.Ключевые слова: мюзикл, артист, профессионализм, социокультурный фактор, синтез.
Звук как смысловое энергетическое поле (на примере пьес из цикла «Музыкальные посвящения» Б. М. Фильц): исполнительский аспект
Authors: Chebotarenko Olha
Published: July 2018

В статье исследуется феномен фортепианного звука как «энергетически» наполненного смыслового носителя. Анализируются различные теории особенностей и структуры музыкального звука. Исполнительский аспект теории звука рассмотрен в контексте жанра «музыкальных посвящений» на примере фортепианных пьес Б. М. Фильц.Ключевые слова: звук, исполнительская форма, энергия, смысл, жанр.
Репертуарность как критерий современной оперной практики
Authors: Kai Zhang
Published: July 2018

Предлагается рассматривать оперный репертуар как необходимую основу деятельности современного оперного театра, находить в понятии репертуара ведущую категорию опероведения. Определяются репертуарные константы современного оперного творчества, традиционные и инновационные направления оперного репертуара. Выводится критерий репертуарности как показатель успешности оперной творческой практики.Ключевые слова: оперный театр, современная оперная практика, репертуар, опероведение, репертуарные инновации.
Sustaining library automation in Nigerian academic libraries: the KOHA advantage
Authors: OLADOKUN TAOFEEK ABIODUN , Kolawole Lucia Folasade
Published: July 2018

ABSTARCTThis study examined the sustainability of Library Open Source Software (with particular reference to KOHA) in Nigerian academic and research Libraries. Descriptive survey design was adopted with a total number of thirty five (35) libraries which were selected purposefully all over the six (6) geopolitical zones of Nigeria (twenty universities, both privates and publics, ten Polytechnics, and five colleges of education). Structure Questionnaire was used to generate data and this was analyzed using simple frequency and percentage. It was revealed that koha is gaining ground in Nigeria because of its reliability and community involvement. It also revealed that lack of institutional support; inadequate information and negative attitudes of librarians were some of the challenges facing adoption and utilization of koha in Nigeria. The study however made some recommendation.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL MOBILE VIRTUAL LABORATORIUM UNTUK PEMBELAJARAN PRAKTIKUM SISWA SMA
Authors: Manikowati NFn , Iskandar Dody
Published: July 2018

The schools and or students number compared with the experimental laboratories was still not proportional. The available virtual laboratory media had not accommodated the anywhere and anytime learning mobility. This research was to develop mobile V-Lab for senior high school. This research and development was conducted along May  December 2016. It started from identifying problems, analyzing needs, designing mobile V-Lab, producing the applications, implementing and evaluating them. Instruments used were closed and opened quessionaires, observation sheet, and interview sheet. From the data identified, it was needed an offine mobile V-Lab with simulation format, and completed with an experiment sheet. Information and perform/ experiment features linked with the downloadable experiment sheet was designed. Two prototypes were developed by using Unity and implemented in web www.m-edukasi.kemdikbud.go.id dan google play. Those, then, were evaluated and revised to get a qualified applications and implemented. Considering the results, it was recommended to make more apps. AbstrakPerbandingan antara jumlah sekolah dan atau siswa dengan laboratorium praktikum belum proporsional. Media pembelajaran virtual lab yang sudah dikembangkan belum bisa mengakomotir mobilitas pembelajaran yang bisa dilakukan dimana saja dan kapan saja. Untuk itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan mobile virtual lab dengan sasaran SMA. Penelitian dan pengembangan ini dilaksanakan dengan rentang waktu Mei – Desember 2016. Penelitian dimulai dari identifikasi masalah, analisis kebutuhan, perancangan mobile V-Lab, produksi aplikasi, implementasi, dan diakhiri dengan evaluasi formatif. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner tertutup, kuesioner terbuka, lembar observasi, dan panduan wawancara. Dari permasalahan yang teridentifikasi, didapatkan kemudian kebutuhan mobile V-Lab yang bersifat offline pada aplikasinya, berformat sajian simulasi, dan dilengkapi dengan Lembar kerja Praktikum (LKP) sebagai panduan praktikum. Untuk itu, pada desainnya, mobile V-Lab dilengkapi dengan fitur informasi dan performa serta LKP yang bisa diunduhmelalui aplikasi. Dua prototipe aplikasi mobile V-Lab dibuat dengan menggunakan Unity dan selanjutnya diimplementasikan di web www.m-edukasi.kemdikbud.go.id dan google play. Kedua prototipe tersebut akhirnya diuji coba dan direvisi sehingga mendapatkan aplikasi yang berkualitas dan layak untuk dimanfaatkan dalam pembelajaran. Memperhatikan hasil yang telah diperoleh direkomendasikan kemudian agar mobile V-Lab tersebut dikembangkan lebih banyak lagi.