bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thieno[2,3‐c]isoquinolines: A novel chemotype of antiproliferative agents inducing cellular apoptosis while targeting the G2/M phase and Tubulin
Authors: Marae Islam S. , Maklad Raed M. , Samir Safia , Bakhite Etify A. , Sharmoukh Walid
Published: March 2023

In the era of modern synthetic methodology and advanced bio‐evaluation techniques and considering the notorious history of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hopeful expectations regarding novel bioactive chemotypes have grown dramatically. Among the widely versatile motifs in drug discovery studies are isoquinoline and thieno[2,3‐b]pyridine. Herein, the molecular merging of both motifs evoked thieno[2,3‐c]isoquinoline as a novel antiproliferative chemotype being hardly studied against HCC. Accordingly, compound series 4, 5, 7 and 8 were synthesized and bioevaluated against the HepG2 cell line. The role of C7‐Ac/C8‐OH substituents, C8‐C9 unsaturation, 1H‐pyrrol‐1‐yl ring closure at C1‐NH2 and C6‐Ph p‐halo‐substitution were biologically studied and successfully furnished the lead 5b while showing safe profile against Vero cells. Further, flow cytometric and Annexin V‐FITC/PI apoptotic bio‐investigations of 5b unveiled remarkable cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase besides a 60‐fold increase in apoptosis. The use of a DFT conformational study followed by Molecular docking and molecular mechanics/generalized born surface area scoring evoked potential tubulin‐targeting activity of 5b at colchicine‐binding site, which was confirmed by experimental evidence (Tub Inhib IC50 = 71 µM vs. 14 µM for colchicine). Accordingly, preserving C7‐acetyl and optimizing halogen position while preserving [6S,7R]‐stereochemistry is crucial for optimum binding to colchicine binding site of tubulin.
Conversion of LiPSs Accelerated by Pt‐Doped Biomass‐Derived Hyphae Carbon Nanobelts as Self‐Supporting Hosts for Long‐Lifespan Li–S Batteries
Authors: Han Fengfeng , Fan Liwen , Ma Xinzhi , Lu Huiqing , Li Lu , Zhang Xitian , Wu Lili
Published: March 2023

Rechargeable Li–S batteries (LSBs) are emerging as an important alternative to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), owing to their high energy densities and low cost; yet sluggish redox kinetics of LiPSs results in inferior cycle life. Herein, we prepared multifunctional self‐supporting hyphae carbon nanobelt (HCNB) as hosts by carbonization of hyphae balls of Rhizopus, which could increase the S loading of the cathode without sacrificing reaction kinetics. Trace platinum (Pt) nanoparticles were introduced into HCNBs (PtHCNBs) by ion‐beam sputtering deposition. Based on the X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses, the introduced trace Pt regulated the local electronic states of heteroatoms in HCNBs. Electrochemical kinetics investigation combined with operando Raman measurements revealed the accelerated reaction mechanics of sulfur species. Benefiting from the synergistic catalytic effect and the unique structures, the as‐prepared PtHCNB/MWNCT/S cathodes delivered a stable capacity retention of 77% for 400 cycles at 0.5 C with a sulfur loading of 4.6 mg cm−2. More importantly, remarkable cycling performance was achieved with an high areal S loading of 7.6 mg cm−2. This finding offers a new strategy to prolong the cycle life of LSBs.
Remarkably Enhanced Methane Sensing Performance at Room Temperature via Constructing a Self‐Assembled Mulberry‐Like ZnO/SnO2 Hierarchical Structure
Authors: Li Xun , Tan Tian , Ji Wei , Zhou Wanling , Bao Yuwen , Xia Xiaohong , Zeng Zhangfan , Gao Yun
Published: March 2023

Development of metal oxide semiconductors‐based methane sensors with good response and low power consumption is one of the major challenges to realize the real‐time monitoring of methane leakage. In this work, a self‐assembled mulberry‐like ZnO/SnO2 hierarchical structure is constructed by a two‐step hydrothermal method. The resultant sensor works at room temperature with excellent response of ~56.1% to 2000 ppm CH4 at 55% relative humidity. It is found that the strain induced at the ZnO/SnO2 interface greatly enhances the piezoelectric polarization on the ZnO surface and that the band bending results in the accumulation of chemically adsorbed ions close to the interface, leading to significant improvement in the sensing performance of the methane gas sensor at room temperature.
Critical operating parameters of solar flat plate collectors using CuO nanoparticles of different volume fractions subjected to natural convection
Authors: Devarajan Yuvarajan , Munuswamy Dineshbabu , Subbiah Ganesan , Mishra Ruby
Published: March 2023

A flat plate solar water heater is investigated for its efficiency when water and the copper oxide (CuO) of 20 nm size nanoparticles of varying volume fractions and their performance are studied. A solar water heater with a flat plate collector of dimensions 1 × 0.45 m2 with 25 liter per day storage tank capacity, which works on the thermo‐syphon principle, is fabricated. The collector is run with a base working fluid of deionized water and then with CuO nanoparticles for different volume fractions of 0.2% and 0.4% with a surfactant to study the collector's efficiency. The surfactant used in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide of 1% in working fluid. The rise in temperature and the collector efficiency is compared for different volume fractions of CuO nanoparticles in the collector. The mixing of nanoparticles thus improves the efficiency of the collector. The experimental result shows that the collector with a 0.4% volume fraction of CuO with water as a working fluid has the maximum rise in temperature and efficiency compared with that of 0.2% and water. During the test, CuO without surfactant showed a slight decrement in heat transfer due to the agglomeration. The collector efficiency for 0.4% volume fraction achieves 63.28%, for 0.2% is 61.58%, and for water 54.15%. The overall efficiency was increased by up to 9.1% compared with base conventional fluid water for lower volume fractions of CuO nanoparticles for a smaller collector area.
Impact of myomectomy on the obstetric complications: A large cohort study in Japan
Authors: Komatsu Hiroaki , Taniguchi Fuminori , Harada Tasuku
Published: March 2023

Objective

The authors conducted a large‐scale cohort study using the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology's perinatal registry database to determine the effect of myomectomy on perinatal outcomes.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study enrolled 203 745 women who gave birth between January and December 2020 in Japan. The participants were classified into two groups based on their history of myomectomy (open/laparoscopic) to investigate fertility treatment, delivery information, obstetric complications, maternal treatment, infant information, fetal appendages, obstetric history, underlying disease, infectious disease, drugs used, and case information regarding maternal and infant death.

Results

In total, 1161 pregnant women had a history of myomectomy and 202 584 did not. Compared with the nonmyomectomy group, the myomectomy group had a higher occurrence rate of uterine rupture (0.9% vs 0.06%, P < 0.01) and placenta accreta (1.5% vs 0.5%, P < 0.01). In addition, history of myomectomy (odds ratio [OR], 2.62 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.500–4.226]; P < 0.001) was found to be an independent factor for placenta accrete and uterine rupture (OR, 14.4 [95% CI, 6.75–27.02]; P < 0.001). Furthermore, myomectomy increased the risk of uterine rupture by 14 times.

Conclusion

Postmyomectomy pregnancy may increase the risk of placenta accreta and uterine rupture.
The ethics of infant and early childhood mental health practice
Authors: Lim Izaak , Korfmacher Jon , Steier Alison , Zeanah Charles , Zeanah Paula D.
Published: March 2023

Ethics is concerned with the basis for moral judgments of “right” and “wrong” and is central to the clinical endeavor. Many clinicians integrate ethical estimations into their work without much conscious awareness. However, explicit use of ethical principles and frameworks can help navigate clinical decision‐making when there is a sense of moral conflict or ambiguity about the “right” course of action. This article aims to highlight the key concepts and principles in clinical ethics as they apply to IECMH practice and stimulate a bigger conversation in the profession around how to support each other to maintain high ethical standards in working with young children and their families. Specifically, the authors consider the relevance of Beauchamp and Childress’ four principles framework (respect for autonomy, beneficence, non‐maleficence, and justice), and address some of the special ethical challenges in the field, namely, the vulnerability of the infant, the need for a competent workforce, caring for caregivers, and the problem of multiple patients. Finally, the role of infant rights is briefly explored, noting the significant interest and debate that has been generated by the publication of the World Association of Infant Mental Health'sPosition Paper on the Rights of Infants.
Determination of yield response factors for different varieties of teff
Authors: Asres Ligalem Agegn , Derebe Melkamu Ateka
Published: March 2023

The yield response factor (Ky) at different crop growth stages for different varieties of teff is important to identify the sensitivity stage to water stress for irrigation water management. However, Ky is affected by crop variety and agroclimatic conditions, but there has been no study for different varieties of teff. Therefore, this study focused on the determination of Ky for different varieties of teff. In total, 18 treatments were designed as randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Crop evapotranspiration was measured using a weighing‐type lysimeter. Yield response factors were determined as a function of yield and crop evapotranspiration at each crop growth stage of teff. Accordingly, the stagewise Ky for the Tseday teff variety was 0.32, 0.39, 0.55 and 0.06 and for the Quncho teff variety 0.19, 0.24, 0.56 and 0.03 for the vegetative, flowering, yield formation and ripening growth stages, respectively. The seasonal Ky values for Tseday and Quncho were 1.30 and 1.11, respectively. Therefore, water stress during the yield formation growth stage is not recommended, whereas it is possible to adopt irrigation water stress at the ripening growth stage to save water. The saved water will be used for the extension of irrigable agricultural areas.
Research and scholarly methods: Audit studies
Authors: Loera Lindsey J. , Hill Lucas G. , Evoy Kirk E. , Reveles Kelly R.
Published: March 2023

Audit study methodologies have been utilized in pharmacy field research to obtain greater understanding of potential gaps in real‐world care and assess the accessibility of medications, services, and providers. Many audit studies utilize a secret‐shopper approach in which auditors follow specific assessment protocols and the subjects being audited are unaware of the audit taking place. The benefit of utilizing this approach, as compared to surveys or interviews, is that researchers are able to collect real‐world measures with minimized social desirability and recall biases. There are multiple audit study approaches investigators must consider. Additionally, successful audit studies often rely upon congruence of multiple auditors, and it is therefore essential to develop a study protocol that includes detailed guidance documents, data collection tools, and rigorous training and fidelity assessments. Audit methodologies must be conducted with meticulous auditor training and oversight, especially when investigators seek to audit a large sample and rely on auditors who may be participating on an unpaid volunteer basis. The purpose of this review is to provide an orientation to audit study methodologies and to describe best practices for conducting a successful audit study.
Overview of implementation and learning outcomes of simulation in pharmacy education
Authors: McBane Sarah , Alavandi Prasannaraddi , Allen Sheila , Bingham Angela , Dang Yen , Elmes Abigail , Fallon Julianne M. , Herman Alexandra , Januszka Jenna , Peddi Apryl N. , Posey L. Michael , Putney Kaylee , Richter Sara , Shrader Sarah , Thomas Michael , Seybert Amy
Published: March 2023

Simulation, an educational, assessment, and research technique used to mimic real‐world situations, is increasingly used in pharmacy education. The most‐used simulation methods include high‐fidelity simulation (HFS), low‐fidelity simulation (LFS), standardized patients, and game‐based simulation. A common element of simulation is its ability to offer learners the chance to practice a skill or acquire knowledge in a safe and accessible space. Simulation methods differ in key aspects, including cost and other resource investment as well as ideal venue for use in education. HFS provides a more realistic simulation environment than LFS but is typically more expensive. Standardized patients offer learners the opportunity to engage with a live person but may elicit greater variability in responses to learners' input than HFS. Computer‐based simulation uses technology to supply a wide variety of learning opportunities; however, it may require the use of proprietary software and devices. Despite widespread use, literature describing learning outcomes of simulation in pharmacy education is limited. Some existing reports with positive findings have focused on learner satisfaction with or perceived benefit of simulation activities. The few existing publications summarizing changes in skills or knowledge demonstrate a positive impact. Simulation is a promising modality for educating pharmacy students and residents; however, more data summarizing the benefit of learning outcomes are needed.
Tropisetron restores normal expression of BAD, SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT7 in the rat pressure overload‐induced cardiac hypertrophy model
Authors: Karimollah Alireza , Hemmatpur Anahid , Safari Fatemeh , Fakhrgholami Mahsa , Travat Tina
Published: March 2023

Tropisetron exerts a protective effect against cardiac complications, particularly cardiac hypertrophy. Oxidative stress and apoptosis are the main contributors to the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy. Sirtuins, a family of histone deacetylases, are connected to cellular oxidative stress signaling and antioxidant defense. Sirtuins are also linked to apoptosis which is an important mechanism in the progression of cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure. Literature also suggests that tropisetron impedes apoptosis, partly mediated through an antioxidant mechanism. Therefore, we examined if tropisetron fights cardiac hypertrophy by adjusting sirtuin family proteins (Sirts) and components of mitochondrial death pathway, Bcl‐associated X (BAX), Bcl‐2‐associated death promoter (BAD). Male Sprague–Dawley rats got divided into four groups, including control (Ctl), tropisetron (Trop), cardiac hypertrophy (Hyp), and hypertrophic rats under tropisetron treatment (Hyp + Trop). Pathological cardiac hypertrophy was induced by surgical abdominal aortic constriction (AAC). The increased expression of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in the Hyp group confirms the cardiac hypertrophy establishment. The mRNA levels of SIRT1, SIRT3, SIRT7, and BAD also upregulated in the hypertrophic group (p < 0.001). Postoperational administration of tropisetron for 3 weeks lowered the increased expression of BNP (p < 0.05) and BAD (p < 0.001), though the reduction of BAX expression was statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). Tropisetron treatment also restored the normal level of SIRT1/3/7 genes expression in the Hyp + Trop group (p < 0.05). Present findings suggest that tropisetron can suppress cardiomyocyte hypertrophy progression to heart failure by counteracting BNP, SIRT1, SIRT3, Sirt7, and BAD overexpression‐mediated apoptosis in a rat model of cardiac hypertrophy.
Oncogene‐mediated nuclear accumulation of lactate promotes epigenetic alterations to induce cancer cell proliferation
Authors: Bandopadhyay Shreya , Kamal Izaz M. , Padmanaban E. , Ghosh Damayanti D. , Chakrabarti Saikat , Roy Sib S.
Published: March 2023

Homeobox gene families are associated with embryonic development and organogenesis. Pieces of evidence suggest that these Homeobox genes are also crucial in facilitating oncogenesis when mutated or overexpressed. Paired homeodomain transcription factor‐2 (PITX2), one of the members of this family, is involved in oncogenic regulation apart from its different development regulatory functions. PITX2 has been earlier shown to induce ovarian cancer cell proliferation through the activation of different signaling cascades. Increased cancer cell proliferation requires a constant supply of nutrients for both adenosine triphosphate and biomass synthesis, which is facilitated by altered cancer cell metabolism that includes enhanced glucose uptake and increased glycolytic rate. This present study highlights the involvement of PITX2 in enhancing the cellular glycolysis pathway in ovarian cancer cells through protein kinase B‐phosphorylation (phospho‐AKT). PITX2 expression correlates positively with that of the glycolytic rate‐determining enzyme, lactate dehydrogenase‐A (LDHA), in both high‐grade serous ovarian cancer tissues and common ovarian cancer cell lines. Interestingly, transient localization of enzymatically active LDHA in the nucleus was observed in PITX2‐overexpressed ovarian cancer cells. This nuclear LDHA produces higher concentrations of the glycolytic end product, lactate, which accumulates in the nuclear compartment resulting in decreased histone deacetylase (HDAC1/2) expression and increased histone acetylation at H3/H4. However, the mechanistic details of lactate–HDAC interaction are still elusive in the earlier reports. Our in silico studies elaborated on the interaction dynamics of lactate in the HDAC catalytic core through ligand‐binding studies and molecular dynamics simulation approaches. Blocking lactate production by silencing LDHA reduced cancer cell proliferation. Thus, PITX2‐induced epigenetic changes can lead to high cellular proliferation and increase the size of tumors in syngeneic mice as well. Taken together, this is the first report of its kind to show that the developmental regulatory homeobox gene PITX2 could enhance oncogenesis through enhanced glycolysis of tumor cells followed by epigenetic modifications.
A scoping review of intimate partner violence in hospitalized patients
Authors: Maitra Amrapali , Schnipper Jeffrey L. , Bain Paul A. , Mueller Stephanie K.
Published: March 2023

Background

Despite the high prevalence and significant health effects of intimate partner violence (IPV), little is known about its associations with hospitalization.

Objective

To perform a scoping review of how IPV impacts hospitalization rates, characteristics, and outcomes in adult patients.

Data Sources

A search of four databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and CINAHL) using a combination of terms including hospitalized patients and IPV revealed 1608 citations.

Study Selection and Data Extraction

One reviewer determined eligibility based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, which a second reviewer independently verified. Data were extracted and organized a posteriori into three categories based on research aim: (1) comparative studies of hospitalization risk associated with recent IPV exposure, (2) comparative studies of hospitalization outcomes by IPV exposure, and (3) descriptive studies of hospitalizations for IPV.

Results

Of the 12 included studies, 7 were comparative studies of hospitalization risk associated with IPV, 2 were comparative studies of hospitalization outcomes by IPV, and 3 were descriptive studies of hospitalizations for IPV. Nine out of 12 studies focused on specific patient populations. All but one study demonstrated that IPV was associated with increased risk of hospitalization and/or worse hospitalization outcomes. Six of the seven comparative studies showed a positive association between recent IPV and hospitalization risk.

Conclusion

This review suggests that IPV exposure increases the risk of hospitalization and/or worsens inpatient outcomes in specific patient populations. Additional work is needed to characterize hospitalization rates and outcomes for persons who have experienced IPV in a broader, nontrauma population.
ENSO‐induced decadal variability in the tropical Pacific subsurface in CMIP6 models
Authors: Chen Yue , Huang Ping
Published: March 2023

The tropical Pacific decadal variability (TPDV) is an important component of the global interdecadal variability. Previous studies have shown that the TPDV in the sea surface temperature (SST) has two clear patterns, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)‐like and ENSO‐induced patterns, but the pattern of TPDV in the ocean subsurface is still a matter of debate in observations and models. The present study analyses the subsurface TPDV in the simulations of 26 CMIP6 models. The ENSO‐like and ENSO‐induced TPDVs in the subsurface are defined by the regression of the interdecadal anomalies of the oceanic subsurface temperature (Tsub) onto the PCs of two leading EOF modes of the interdecadal SST anomalies in the tropical Pacific. The pattern of the ENSO‐like TPDV in the subsurface shows high model consistency, whereas the ENSO‐induced TPDV in the subsurface has two distinct modes among the models, one with a centre in the central Pacific and the other showing a zonal dipole in the equatorial Pacific. The zonal pattern of the ENSO‐induced TPDV in the subsurface is mainly induced by the SST skewness in the equatorial eastern Pacific, which is further related to the surface heat flux feedback during La Niña.
Multiple solutions for a Schrödinger–Bopp–Podolsky system with positive potentials
Authors: Figueiredo Giovany M. , Siciliano Gaetano
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we prove existence of solutions for a Schrödinger–Bopp–Podolsky system under positive potentials. We use the Ljusternick–Schnirelmann and Morse Theories to get multiple solutions with a priori given “interaction energy.”
Dorsolateral Nigral Hyperintensity on 1.5 T Versus 3 T Susceptibility‐Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Neurodegenerative Parkinsonism
Authors: Grossauer Anna , Müller Christoph , Hussl Anna , Krismer Florian , Schocke Michael , Gizewski Elke , Mahlknecht Philipp , Scherfler Christoph , Wenning Gregor K. , Poewe Werner , Seppi Klaus , Heim Beatrice
Published: March 2023

Background

An absent dorsolateral nigral hyperintensity (DNH) is a common finding in patients with neurodegenerative parkinsonism at high or ultra‐high field susceptibility‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (SWI).

Objective

Despite increasing use of high field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in specialized centers, these scanners are still frequently unavailable in primary care or outpatient facilities and underdeveloped or emerging countries. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of DNH assessment at 1.5 versus 3 T MRI to distinguish patients with neurodegenerative parkinsonism, including Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), from healthy controls (HC).

Methods

Absence of DNH was assessed on visual inspection of anonymized 1.5 T and 3.0 T SWI scans in a case–control study including 86 patients with neurodegenerative parkinsonism and 33 healthy controls (HC). All study participants were consecutively recruited to undergo 1.5 and 3 T MRI.

Results

Overall correct classification was 81.7% (95% CI, 72.6–88.4%) for 1.5 T and 95.7% (95% CI, 89.1–98.7%) for 3 T MRI in discriminating neurodegenerative parkinsonism from controls. However, while DNH was bilaterally present in all but one of the HC at 3 T MRI, it was rated as abnormal (at least unilateral absence) in 15 of 22 HC at 1.5 T MRI, resulting in a specificity of 31.8%.

Conclusions

The results of the present study demonstrate an insufficient specificity of visual assessment of DNH at 1.5 T MRI for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative parkinsonism.
Carotid baroreceptor stimulation prevents oxidative stress by inhibiting MAO‐A and prevents cardiac remodeling in obese rats
Authors: Wu Yuan , Yu Qiao , Dai Mingyan , Wang Jing , Shu Ling , Dai Dilin , Chen Jie , Zhang Junxia , Bao Mingwei
Published: March 2023

Objective

Sympathetic nervous system overactivation and abnormal lipid metabolism are featured in obesity and may lead to cardiac remodeling. The effects of carotid baroreceptor stimulation (CBS) on cardiac remodeling in obese rats and the underlying mechanisms were explored.

Methods

An obesity model was induced by 16‐week high‐fat diet feeding. A CBS device was implanted at the 8th week. Body weight and blood pressure measurements, electrocardiography, echocardiography, and glucose and insulin tolerance tests were conducted before sampling. Plasma analysis and histological and biological analyses of left ventricle were also performed. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes cocultured with 3T3‐L1 in transwell chambers were used to investigate the mechanisms.

Results

CBS alleviated several manifestations of obesity, including increased body weight, high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, and enhanced sympathetic activity. In obese hearts, norepinephrine levels decreased, and the monoamine oxidase A (MAO‐A) and reactive oxygen species level increased; these changes, as well as cardiac fibrosis, lipid metabolic disorders, and heart dysfunction, were inhibited by CBS. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes incubated with norepinephrine showed MAO‐A upregulation, increased reactive oxygen species levels, lipid metabolic disorders, and inflammatory response, which were inhibited by clorgyline, a selective MAO‐A inhibitor.

Conclusions

CBS effectively suppresses sympathetic nervous system activity and oxidative stress mediated by MAO‐A and prevents cardiac remodeling in obese rats.

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Effect of partially reduced fullerenol‐graphene hybrid nanofiller on photophysical and super capacitance properties of fluorescence conducting polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Jaiswal Rimpa , Saha Uttam , Goswami Thako Hari , Maji Pradip K.
Published: March 2023

The effect of partially reduced fullerenol‐graphene oxide (rFGO) nanofiller on photophysical and super capacitance properties of binary nanocomposites containing phenylene‐alt‐thiophene fluorescence conducting polymer (FCP) were investigated. Nanocomposites were prepared by solution mixing, which allows uniform nanofiller distribution into the polymer matrix. Microscopic analyses of nanocomposites display homogeneous dispersion of nanofiller into the polymer matrix. Quenching of photoluminescence reveals the photosensitized electron transfer from light‐absorbing FCP (acting as an electron donor) to fullerenol‐graphene nanofiller (acting as an electron acceptor). The presence of partially reduced graphene sheets in rFGO nanofiller facilitates the photosensitized electron transfer along the surface and also through the interlayer channels of graphene sheets due to the pillar effect of fullerenol. UV–vis and photoluminescence spectroscopic characterization data reveal excellent interaction between filler and matrix, responsible for electron transfer mechanism. Super capacitance properties of binary nanocomposites in three different electrolytes (acid, neutral and alkaline) were also investigated and the best galvanic charge discharge result of 173 F/g at 2 A/g current density was obtained at 2 wt% loading up to 500th cycle for rFGO in acid electrolyte only. The material was ineffective in the alkaline electrolyte and showed poor results in neutral electrolyte. An attempt has been made to evaluate the structure–property relationship of nanocomposites from their thermal, photophysical, and electrochemical properties.
Impact of piflufolastat F‐18 PSMA PET imaging on clinical decision‐making in prostate cancer across disease states: A retrospective review
Authors: Arafa Ali T. , Jain Aditya , Skrobanek Pavel , Humphrey Brad , Froelich Jerry W. , Antonarakis Emmanuel S.
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Piflufolastat F‐18 (18F‐DCFPyL) prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is approved by the US food and drug administration for initial staging of high‐risk prostate cancer, biochemical recurrence (BCR), and restaging of metastatic prostate cancer. Here, we sought to assess how its integration into clinical care may have impacted the management of patients.

Methods

We identified 235 consecutive patients who underwent an 18F‐DCFPyL PET scan from August 2021 to June 2022. The median prostate‐specific antigen at the time of imaging was 1.8 ng/mL (Range: 0−3740 ng/mL). Descriptive statistics were used to analyze its impact on clinical care for a subset of 157 patients with available treatment information: 22 for initial staging, 109 with BCR, and 26 patients with known metastatic disease.

Results

PSMA‐avid lesions were detected in 154/235 (65.5% of) patients. In patients undergoing initial staging, 18/39 (46.2% of) patients had extra‐prostatic metastatic lesions; 15/39 (38.5% of) scans were negative and 6/39 (15.4%) had equivocal results. 12/22 (54.5% of) patients had a change in their treatment plan post‐PSMA PET scan while 10/22 (45.5%) had no change in their treatment plan. In the BCR cohort, 93/150 (62.0%) had a local recurrence or metastatic lesions. Equivocal and negative scans accounted for 11/150 (7.3%) and 46/150 (30.7%) of scans, respectively. 37/109 (33.9% of) patients had a change in their treatment plan, while treatment was not altered in 72/109 (66.1% of) cases. In patients with metastatic disease, 43/46 (93.5%) had PSMA‐avid lesions identified; equivocal and negative scans accounted for 2/46 (4.3%) and 1/46 (2.2%) of scan results, respectively. 6/26 (23.1%) had their tentative treatment plan adjusted after the PSMA PET scan. No change in the treatment plan was observed in 20/26 (76.9% of) cases.

Conclusion

Integration of F‐18 PSMA PET imaging impacted clinical decision‐making and subsequent management across all stages of prostate cancer. It remains to be seen whether this translates into superior survival outcomes.
Small business administration loans, economic development, and state‐level employment
Authors: Orzechowski Paul E.
Published: March 2023

This study analyzes the relationship between the US Small Business Administration (SBA) loan programs and state‐level employment by utilizing a dynamic first‐difference generalized method of moments fixed effects statistical approach using annual data from 1996 to 2013. The US state‐level panel data show a positive relationship between growth rates in SBA lending per capita and states' civilian employment levels. This relationship appears to be stronger in states with below‐average incomes than in states with higher incomes. This study contributes to the understanding of how SBA lending programs can best help foster state‐level economic development and employment.
Effect of prior immunisation with smallpox vaccine for protection against human Mpox: A systematic review
Authors: Akter Fahima , Hasan Tahira Binte , Alam Farhana , Das Aurpy , Afrin Shanta , Maisha Sadia , Masud Abdullah Al , KM Saif‐Ur‐Rahman
Published: March 2023

Monkeypox is an emerging threat to humans since a new outbreak in May 2022. It is hypothesised that increasing the immunologically naive population after the cessation of the smallpox vaccination campaign in the 1980s is one of the leading causes of it. A literature search was conducted using different electronic databases including MEDLINE (through PubMed), SCOPUS, Web of Science, Cochrane library, and EMBASE for relevant studies. After duplication removal, abstract and title screening, and full‐text screening were done, the data were extracted, tabulated, and analysed. The risk of bias was assessed following the Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Non‐randomised Studies. We found a total of 1068 relevant articles and finally, we included 6 articles including 2083 participants. The studies suggested that smallpox is 80.7% efficacious to prevent human monkeypox and the immunity provided by prior smallpox vaccination is long‐lasting. Moreover, the smallpox vaccination decreases the risk of human monkeypox by 5.2‐folds. Two cross‐sectional studies based on the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) including a total of around 1800 monkeypox cases found that unvaccinated participants had 2.73 and 9.64‐fold increased risk of monkeypox compared to the vaccinated participants. Other studies in USA and Spain also demonstrated that unvaccinated people were more prone to develop monkeypox than vaccinated people. Furthermore, monkeypox incidence has increased by 20 folds, 30 years after the cessation of the smallpox vaccination campaign in DRC. Evidence‐based preventive and therapeutic agents are still not available for human monkeypox. Further study should be done to explore the role of the smallpox vaccine in preventing human monkeypox.
Pronounced brown bear aggregation along anadromous streams in interior Alaska
Authors: Sorum Mathew S. , Cameron Matthew D. , Crupi Anthony , Sage George K. , Talbot Sandra L. , Hilderbrand Grant V. , Joly Kyle
Published: March 2023

Aggregated use along salmon‐bearing (Oncorhynchus spp.) streams is common for coastal brown bears Ursus arctos; however, it is much less common in non‐coastal (interior) environments, especially in the Arctic. A concurrent study of GPS‐collared brown bears in the interior Brooks Range mountains, northern Alaska, revealed that salmon‐bearing streams and their use by brown bears were more prevalent than previously known. Our goal was to estimate the number, gender, and species of bears (Ursus spp.) using anadromous streams while salmon were present in an area of northern, interior Alaska. We deployed single‐catch breakaway hair snares on heavily‐used bear trails along 7 km sections of two anadromous streams to identify individual animals through DNA genotypes. We collected 119 hair samples from August and September in 2016 and 2017 which revealed 31 unique brown bears and five American black bears Ursus americanus across both streams. Using a capture‐with‐replacement analysis, we estimated 24 (95% CI: 22–27) brown bears used 7 km of one stream and 15 (95% CI: 9–35) brown bears used 7 km of the other. Across both streams, we detected a higher proportion of females than males, more brown bears than black bears, and greater relatedness among bears that used the same stream. The high number of brown bears estimated along these streams belies their overall low densities in the region, while relatedness patterns suggests that bears obtain behavioral specialization through social learning. A 354 km industrial road is permitted to be constructed along the southern flanks of the Brooks Range, bisecting numerous streams and rivers, including the two sampled above. Given our findings, we identify potential mitigation measures to reduce human‐bear conflicts related to aggregated brown bear use along anadromous streams.
Introduction
Authors: García-Sancho Miguel , Lowe James
Published: March 2023

This introductory chapter outlines the technical and conceptual basics of genomics, its history and current impact. We use the metaphor of the history of genomics as an hourglass to challenge the widespread association of genomics with the idea of a single, international and successful ‘Human Genome Project’. We query this hourglass depiction by examining genomics research in both human and non-human organisms: yeast and pig, as well as Homo sapiens. We also introduce a concept that helps differentiate genomics across our three chosen species: communities of genomicists. The objectives, research necessities and visions of these communities are profoundly entangled with the genomes of the organisms they work on. This materialises in different models of organising and conducting genomics and affects the affordances and limitations of the resulting reference genomes.
Distributed and Concentrated Strategies in the Sequencing of the Yeast Genome
Authors: García-Sancho Miguel , Lowe James
Published: March 2023

This chapter examines the sequencing of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), which was conducted by an international collaboration that released its reference genome in 1996. The European side of this collaboration exhibited a distributed model of sequencing, in which yeast biology laboratories made immediate research use of the sequence data they produced. In the USA, by contrast, large-scale sequencing centres were established, with yeast genomics constituting a pilot for the eventual sequencing of the human genome. The European effort involved a heterogenous community of yeast ‘genomicists’ and constituted a distinct model of genomics not subordinated to the whole-genome sequencing ofHomo sapiens. Most of the human genome projects that proliferated in the early to mid-1990s instantiated some form of this distributed model, which co-existed with the more concentrated and intensive production of the human reference genome.
Theoretischer Zugang und Forschungsstand zu Stress, Belastung und subjektivem Wohlbefinden
Authors: Maly-Motta Hanna
Published: March 2023

Wann sprechen wir von Wohlbefinden, wie entsteht Stress und wie hängen Stress, Belastung und das Konzept des Wohlbefindens zusammen? Mit Hilfe unterschiedlicher theoretischer Modelle und Ideen, legt dieses Kapitel in einem ersten Schritt die Grundlage für das theoretische Verständnis dieser zentralen Begriffe. Deutlich wird dabei, dass Stress das Individuum selbst, aber auch die es direkt umgebenden sozialen Beziehungen (z. B. die Eltern-Kind-Beziehung, Paarbeziehung) betreffen kann. In einem zweiten Schritt befasst sich das Kapitel daher mit theoretischen und empirischen Arbeiten, die der Frage nachgehen was in Familien aber auch Paarbeziehungen unter Stress passiert. Da sich der Fokus von einem stärker individuum- zu einem familienzentrierten Stressverständnis verschiebt, werden die theoretischen und empirischen Erkenntnisse zu Familien-, Paar- und Elternstress explizit hinsichtlich der bidirektionalen Verknüpfung elterlicher Belastung und kindlicher Anforderungen aufgearbeitet.
Teilstudie II: Schatz, das Baby schreit! Das Wohlbefinden von Eltern am Übergang zur Elternschaft
Authors: Maly-Motta Hanna
Published: March 2023

Die Geburt des ersten Kindes ist eine turbulente Phase in der Familienentwicklung und stellt nicht nur Mütter und Väter vor individuelle Herausforderungen, sondern auch die Paarbeziehung. Immer wieder auftretende kognitive und motorische Entwicklungsschübe des Kindes, in denen sich vorübergehende Schlaf- oder Fütterprobleme und allgemein kindliche Anforderungen krisenhaft zuspitzen können, zähren dabei an den Nerven. Anforderungen des Kindes spielen in dieser vulnerablen Phase daher eine besondere Rolle um das individuelle Belastungs- und Stresserleben von Müttern und Vätern, aber auch Unstimmigkeiten innerhalb der Paarbeziehung besser verstehen zu können. Die vorliegende Teilstudie liefert daher, im Gegensatz zu bisherigen Forschungsbefunden, einen differenzierteren Einblick in die Rolle des Kindes für Anpassungsanforderungen innerhalb der Paarbeziehung sowie für das individuelle Wohlbefinden der Eltern. Im Fokus stehen zugleich vermittelnde Mechanismen, die zwischen den Anforderungen des Kindes und dem individuellen sowie partnerschaftsrelevanten Wohlbefinden stehen können. Die Datengrundlage für die empirische Untersuchung bildet das Beziehungs- und Familienpanel (pairfam).  Die Ergebnisse bestätigen, dass erhöhte kindliche Anforderungen und, im Falle der Partnerschaftsqualität, ein größeres Ausmaß erlebter ängstlicher Überfürsorge dem Baby gegenüber, am Übergang zur Elternschaft, eine zentrale Rolle für unterschiedliche Dimensionen elterlichen Wohlbefindens spielen. Machten sich befragte Eltern beispielsweise viele Sorgen darüber, ob sie mit dem Baby alles richtig machen, übertrug sich dies über eine konfliktreichere Kommunikation des Paares negativ auf die Partnerschaftsqualität.
Abschließende Diskussion
Authors: Maly-Motta Hanna
Published: March 2023

Was brauchen Eltern, damit Elternschaft gelingt und positiv mit dem elterlichen Wohlbefinden verknüpft ist und welche Akteure können helfen, den Weg dafür zu ebnen? Das letzte Kapitel diskutiert die gewonnenen Ergebnisse abschließend vor einer sozialpolitischen sowie (sozial-)pädagogischen Betrachtungsdimension. Es können zentrale Schlüsse, die sozialstaatliche Leistungen aber auch Beratungs- und Hilfsangebote für Familien betreffen, abgeleitet werden. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit sind damit für Eltern selbst, politische Entscheidungsträger sowie für die praktische Arbeit in (sozial-)pädagogischen Berufsfeldern von Bedeutung.
Developmental stage and lower quadriceps flexibilities and decreased gastrocnemius flexibilities are predictive risk factors for developing Osgood–Schlatter disease in adolescent male soccer players
Authors: Takei Seira , Torii Suguru , Taketomi Shuji , Iizuka Satoshi , Tojima Michio , Iwanuma Soichiro , Iida Yukako , Tanaka Sakae
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to elucidate the influential predictive risk factors of Osgood–Schlatter disease (OSD) on the support (non-kicking) leg among adolescent soccer players considering peak height velocity (PHV) age and investigate the cut-off values of the predictive variables.

Methods

A cohort of 302 Japanese adolescent male soccer players aged 12–13 years were followed over 6 months. All players underwent physical examination, tibial tubercle ultrasonography, anthropometric and whole-body composition measurements, and muscle flexibility test of the support leg at the baseline. The developmental stage was evaluated from the PHV age. The OSD of the support leg was diagnosed 6 months later; players were divided into the OSD and control (CON) groups. The predictive risk factors were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results

There were 42 players who had developed OSD at baseline and they were excluded from the study. Among the 209 players, 43 and 166 belonged to the OSD and CON groups, respectively. The predictive risk factors of OSD development were PHV age ± 6 months at baseline (p = 0.046), apophyseal stage of tibial tuberosity maturity at baseline (p < 0.001), quadriceps flexibility ≥ 35° at baseline (p = 0.017), and decrease in gastrocnemius flexibility in 6 months (p = 0.009).

Conclusion

PHV age ± 6 months at baseline, apophyseal stage of the tibial tuberosity at baseline, quadriceps flexibility ≥ 35° at baseline, and decrease in gastrocnemius flexibility in 6 months are predictive risk factors of OSD development in the support leg among adolescent male soccer players. It is crucial to know the PHV age of each player, and not only the flexibility of quadriceps muscle but also the gastrocnemius should be monitored to predict OSD.

Level of evidence

II.
Current State of Robotics in Interventional Radiology
Authors: Najafi Ghazal , Kreiser Kornelia , Abdelaziz Mohamed E. M. K. , Hamady Mohamad S.
Published: March 2023

As a relatively new specialty with a minimally invasive nature, the field of interventional radiology is rapidly growing. Although the application of robotic systems in this field shows great promise, such as with increased precision, accuracy, and safety, as well as reduced radiation dose and potential for teleoperated procedures, the progression of these technologies has been slow. This is partly due to the complex equipment with complicated setup procedures, the disruption to theatre flow, the high costs, as well as some device limitations, such as lack of haptic feedback. To further assess these robotic technologies, more evidence of their performance and cost-effectiveness is needed before their widespread adoption within the field. In this review, we summarise the current progress of robotic systems that have been investigated for use in vascular and non-vascular interventions.
Dynamic myocardial CT perfusion imaging—state of the art
Authors: Sliwicka Olga , Sechopoulos Ioannis , Baggiano Andrea , Pontone Gianluca , Nijveldt Robin , Habets Jesse
Published: March 2023

In patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD), dynamic myocardial computed tomography perfusion (CTP) imaging combined with coronary CT angiography (CTA) has become a comprehensive diagnostic examination technique resulting in both anatomical and quantitative functional information on myocardial blood flow, and the presence and grading of stenosis. Recently, CTP imaging has been proven to have good diagnostic accuracy for detecting myocardial ischemia, comparable to stress magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography perfusion, while being superior to single photon emission computed tomography. Dynamic CTP accompanied by coronary CTA can serve as a gatekeeper for invasive workup, as it reduces unnecessary diagnostic invasive coronary angiography. Dynamic CTP also has good prognostic value for the prediction of major adverse cardiovascular events. In this article, we will provide an overview of dynamic CTP, including the basics of coronary blood flow physiology, applications and technical aspects including protocols, image acquisition and reconstruction, future perspectives, and scientific challenges.

Key Points

• Stress dynamic myocardial CT perfusion combined with coronary CTA is a comprehensive diagnostic examination technique resulting in both anatomical and quantitative functional information.

• Dynamic CTP imaging has good diagnostic accuracy for detecting myocardial ischemia comparable to stress MRI and PET perfusion.

• Dynamic CTP accompanied by coronary CTA may serve as a gatekeeper for invasive workup and can guide treatment in obstructive coronary artery disease.
Indigenous approaches to perinatal mental health: a systematic review with critical interpretive synthesis
Authors: Meredith Cara , McKerchar Christina , Lacey Cameron
Published: March 2023

Indigenous mothers and birthing parents experience significant inequities during the perinatal period, with mental health distress causing adverse outcomes for mothers/birthing parents and their infants. Limited literature is available to inform our understanding of solutions to these issues, with research primarily focusing on inequities. Our aim was to conduct a systematic review of Indigenous approaches to treatment of perinatal mental health illness. Following the PRISMA guidelines for systematic literature reviews, an electronic search of CINAHL, Medline, PubMed, Embase, APA PsycInfo, OVID Nursing, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases was conducted in January and February 2022 and repeated in June 2022. Twenty-seven studies were included in the final review. A critical interpretive synthesis informed our approach to the systematic review. The work of (Yamane and Helm J Prev 43:167–190, 2022) was drawn upon to differentiate studies and place within a cultural continuum framework. Across the 27 studies, the majority of participants were healthcare workers and other staff. Mothers, birthing parents, and their families were represented in small numbers. Outcomes of interest included a reduction in symptoms, a reduction in high-risk behaviours, and parental engagement/attachment of mothers/birthing parents with their babies. Interventions infrequently reported significant reductions in mental health symptoms, and many included studies focused on qualitative assessments of intervention acceptability or utility. Many studies focused on describing approaches to perinatal mental health distress or considered the perspectives and priorities of families and healthcare workers. More research and evaluation of Indigenous interventions for perinatal mental health illness is required. Future research should be designed to privilege the voices, perspectives, and experiences of Indigenous mothers, birthing parents, and their families. Researchers should ensure that any future studies should arise from the priorities of the Indigenous population being studied and be Indigenous-led and designed.