bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surviving in between worlds of Laila “Halaby’s West of the Jordan”
Authors:   University of Warsaw, Poland, Al-Shameri Safia
Published: January 2022

“West of the Jordan” was published in 2003, a period when the Arab American movement was coming to a new era in the aftermath of the 9/11 terrorist attacks. It was a time when scholars/writers began deconstructing the concept of Arab and Arab American identity to highlight the diversity of the community by taking into account internal differences, especially in areas such as gender, class, and sexuality. I intend to add to this body of work by setting “West of the Jordan” against Gloria Anzaldúa’s theoretical concept of nepantla (Borderlands; In-betweenness), seen here as an identity formation framework. Anzaldúa’s theorization of nepantla has stressed the instability of identity categories through movement betwixt and between identity and transformative ethics of change. Thus, the novel’s formulations and reformulations of ethnic, gender, and other categories should be understood as a way of criticizing these categories ’essentialist nature (even if some of the characters in the novel fail to formulate a constructive liberatory alternative to the essentialisms it attacks/aims to eradicate). In this context, the heroines ’actions succeed in destabilizing the categories ’ideological power and manage to show the shallowness of such delineations.
English Slang: a word-formation perspective
Authors:   Pavol Jozef Šafarik University of Košice, Slovakia, Gallová Lucia
Published: January 2022

This paper examines the word-formation processes which are used in English slang. It does so by presenting the word-formation analysis of a sample of words selected from the online Urban Dictionary (UD). The words under investigation come from three semantic groups from the UD, specifically COLLEGE, DRUGS and FOOD. The focus is also on the comparison of the use of word-formation processes in this sample of slang words and in Standard English. The results propose an overview of the individual word-formation processes occurring in the sample. They also suggest that, to some extent, in this sample, slang uses word-formation processes in the same way as Standard English, however, in certain cases it diverges from the language’s traditional use.
Statistics for linguists revisited: the review of some basic statistical tools in linguistic research and data analysis
Authors:   University of Rzeszow, Poland, Kusz Ewa
Published: January 2022

The major aim of this paper is to emphasise the importance of implementing statistical tools in the field of linguistic research, as well as to acquaint the reader with the basic statistical methods that can be used while conducting linguistic studies. The article introduces the idea of five steps in data analysis that any researcher of applied linguistics can take in order to carry out relevant studies. The steps include choosing statistical programmes, eliciting data, selecting some visual methods and applying normality tests, as well as choosing applicable parametric or nonparametric tests, all of which requires appropriate planning, designing, analysing and interpreting data. The theoretical part is an interlude to the practical realisation of the above-mentioned five steps, which is based on the part of linguistic research conducted on the students of English Philology. The major purpose of it was to prove (or refute) that there is a positive correlation between participants’ level of musical intelligence and their L2 pronunciation skills. The practical use of statistical methods enables the readers to familiarise themselves with one of the patterns of statistical analysis in the field of applied linguistics.
Are you talking to me? A case of specific reply by means of election campaign advertisements
Authors:   University of Rzeszow, Poland, Rut-Kluz Dorota
Published: January 2022

The article aims at an analytic description of a specific type of exchange occurring during political campaigns. The candidates often engage in a virtual dialogue; that is, an exchange of points made by means of campaign advertisements. The specific type of exchange or reply is, in certain aspects, no different to an ordinary conversation. However, what influences it most is the context of public/mass communication. The main concern of the presentation is to investigate, within the framework of Relevance Theory, ways in which a candidate’s reply to the opponent’s advertisement is actually a message to the viewers and prospective voters rather than to the rival themselves. The analysis is carried out on selected advertisements for Mitt Romney and Barack Obama broadcast during the U.S. presidential election campaign in 2012.
Phonodidactics is not so black as it is painted: traditions and trends in FL pronunciation teaching
Authors:   Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Poland, Gajewska Klaudia
Published: January 2022

By a curious paradox, the indispensability of intelligible, comprehensible and minimally accented foreign language (FL) speech in oral communication does not translate into intensive pronunciation practice in instructed settings. Teaching pronunciation usually poses a major challenge to language instructors both at the level of planning and implementation of pronunciation teaching activities, and is therefore frequently frowned upon to the advantage of the remaining language subsystems. However, underdeveloped FL pronunciation skills carry negative consequences every time learners enter into oral conversations. The problem takes on yet greater significance nowadays when the increased mobility of 21st century societies raises the likelihood of students making contacts with native and non-native speakers of the target language (TL). On having, firstly, enumerated some of the culprits responsible for the inferiority of pronunciation component in everyday language classroom routine and, secondly, demonstrated the importance of the subskill in establishing contacts with native and non-native speakers of the TL, we attempt to provide a general overview of the well-established traditions and main trends in the field of phonodidactics. In view of the above, our primary objective is to first and foremost overcome deep-rooted prejudices against including the pronunciation component in language classrooms by developing readers’ awareness on the fundamentals of pronunciation teaching.
When numbers are not what they seem – analysis of the functions and distribution of numerals in the numeronyms featured in the “Netlingo Dictionary of Texting Terms & Online Acronyms”
Authors:   University of Rzeszow, Poland, Hałys Michał
Published: January 2022

The paper attempts to explore the concept of numeronyms, which, in the literature of the subject, are perceived as numeral-based words. Its principal aim is to contribute to the existing discussion about numeronymy by offering a fresh perspective, concentrated on the raison d'être of numeronyms, i.e., numerical figures incorporated within. The analysis concerns particular examples of numeronyms, as featured in the “Netlingo Dictionary of Texting Terms & Online Acronyms”. This source comprises a list of acronyms and shorthands derived from two language varieties: textspeak and online slang. Specifically, subject to the analysis are those terms that, in their written form, contain numerical figures. The corpus of 200 numeronyms is scrutinised with respect to two factors, namely, the function the numeral performs in the numeronym, as well as the possible patterns regarding the distribution of particular numerals. The research, both quantitative and qualitative in nature, reveals four distinct functions of numerals within numeronyms: homophonic, conceptual, typographic and quantifying. Only the last group can be claimed to follow the function normally attributed to numerals, i.e., quantity property assignment. In turn, the distributionoriented analysis brings to light the conclusion that certain numerals that point to number words possessing homophonic properties feature in numeronyms more prominently than others.
Construing the scene in Julian of Norwich’s “A Revelation of Love”
Authors:   Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Poland, Stadnik Katarzyna
Published: January 2022

Julian of Norwich’s “A Vision Showed to a Devout Woman” and “A Revelation of Love” are texts which present two accounts (short and long, respectively) of her mystical experience. Julian was an anchoress whose work is known for its vivid imagery and bodily resonance it provokes in the reader. New research on Julian’s work has focused scholarly attention on the significance of embodied cognition for the exploration of the mystic’s writing. The present paper identifies a gap in this research in that cognitive-linguistic aspects of the anchoress’s text are still largely ignored. The article discusses the connection between perception and cognition and its potential role in structuring Julian’s longer text, “A Revelation of Love”. The Cognitive Linguistic analysis focuses on selected excerpts from the long version portraying scenes from Julian’s visions, where visualisation is particularly significant for meaning construction. Providing a link between recent findings from cognitive science and current cognitively-oriented studies of Julian’s texts, the paper draws on the concept of construal pertinent to the fact that the language user may conceive and present some conceptual content (an apprehended scene) in alternate ways. The Cognitive Linguistic investigation connects Julian’s work to the visual and material culture of her day, revealing how the mystic transforms the familiar imagery into vivid, dynamically unfolding images. It is concluded that cognitively-informed research is likely to shed new light onto long-standing issues in scholarship on Julian, particularly those that concern the interplay of language, culture and cognition.
FL code-switching in the L1 environment among early-aged monolingual learners: a pilot study
Authors:   University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Wysocka-Narewska Marzena
Published: January 2022

Code-switching has recently become an interesting phenomenon to study because it is a part of the developmental processes, as well as the result of the use of, and exposure to, multiple languages. For this reason, code-switching usually occurs during foreign language teaching and learning, “especially when studying English based on the different backgrounds and reasons” (Yusuf, 2009). Accordingly, code-switching can be examined from various viewpoints such as the form, location, patterns, conditions, and functions, in relation to the use or the roles of the L1 and L2 or FL in the classroom, the former being most often referred to. This paper aims to determine the conditions for the use of code-switching in a quite different situation, namely, among very young learners conceived of as monolinguals who happen to switch to English (FL) in the L1 classroom environment. The article opens with a brief characterization of code-switching, defining its most frequent forms and functions, and a description of bilingual and monolingual code-switching contexts, an emphasis being put on the role of L1 in the language adaptation process and switching. The study, composed of a questionnaire distributed among 5 kindergarten teachers in public kindergartens in Poland, has shown bits and pieces of code-switching to be observed among four groups of Polish children (early-aged monolinguals), and their “linguistic behaviors” on a daily basis in the kindergarten classroom. What has been hinted at ranges from the exact situations of switching to language samples, presented according to age, and possible reasons for the current state of affairs.
Generic $\xi^{\perp}$-Riemannian Submersions
Authors: SARI Ramazan
Published: January 2022

As a generalization of semi-invariant $\xi ^{\perp }$-Riemannian submersions, we introduce the generic $\xi ^{\perp }$- Riemannian submersions. We focus on the generic $\xi ^{\perp }$-Riemannian submersions for the Sasakian manifolds with examples and investigate the geometry of foliations. Also, necessary and sufficient conditions for the base manifold to be a local product manifold are obtained and new conditions for totally geodesicity are established. Furthermore, curvature properties of distributions for a generic $\xi ^{\perp }$-Riemannian submersion from Sasakian space forms are obtained and we prove that if the distributions, which define a generic $\xi ^{\perp }$-Riemannian submersion are totally geodesic, then they are Einstein.
On the analysis of stability, bifurcation, and chaos control of discrete-time predator-prey model with Allee effect on predator
Authors: IŞIK Seval , KANGALGİL Figen
Published: January 2022

In this paper, a discrete predator-prey model with Allee effect which is obtained by the forward Euler method has been investigated. The local stability conditions of the model at the fixed point have been discussed. In addition, it is shown that the model undergoes Neimark-Sacker bifurcation by using bifurcation theory. Then, the direction of Neimark-Sacker bifurcation has been given. The OGY method is applied in order to control chaos in considered model due to emergence of Neimark-Sacker bifurcation. Some numerical simulations such as phase portraits and bifurcation figures have been presented to support the theoretical results. Also, the chaotic features are justified numerically by computing Lyapunov exponents. Because of consistency with the biological facts, the parameter values have been taken from literature [Controlling chaos and Neimark-Sacker bifurcation discrete-time predator-prey system, Hacet. J. Math. Stat. 49 (5), 1761-1776, 2020].
Clear Creek Estuary Restoration: Establishing an Ecological Monitoring Program and Baseline Conditions
Authors:   ,   Portland State University, Butler-Minor Christine
Published: January 2022

Monitoring habitat conditions in the Clear Creek Estuary before the completion of the Bucklin Hill Bridge Project is a critical part of this ecosystem restoration planning and execution. The Clear Creek Trail Alliance (CCTA) is working with local partners to monitor the effects of the estuary restoration. In a wider effort to characterize salmonid habitat suitability of the estuary prior to the bridge replacement, CCTA would like to gather data related to water quality, beach/bank elevations, vegetation in the vicinity, and invertebrate diversity in the estuary. The development and implementation of this Clear Creek Estuary monitoring project provides an opportunity for students and local citizens to expand their knowledge of salmon habitat needs and learn about the benefits to salmon afforded through estuary restorations. These reliable, verifiable, and accurate data will be contributed to the State’s Marine Water Quality Monitoring Program plus shared with citizens of Kitsap County and other parties interested in gaining knowledge concerning the effectiveness of the restoration project. Comparison of data collected prior to and then following construction will aid in understanding the successful restoration features of the project and assist in determining if adaptations are needed in the ongoing management of this revitalized ecosystem.
The profile of lactate, albumin, and lactate/albumin ratio as predictors of mortality in sepsis patients
Authors: Iskandar A. , Vincentia M. I. , Jaya W. , Aryati A. , Pramadhani A. , Aprilia A.
Published: January 2022

Background. Oxygenation disturbances in sepsis patients may cause lactate levels increase which is proportional to the severity of the inflammation, followed by decrease in albumin levels. Combination of these two parameters is expected to be predictor of mortality in patients with sepsis. The aim of this study is to investigate the profile of lactate, albumin, and lactate/albumin ratio as mortality predictors in patient with sepsis. Methods. This prospective cohort study was conducted in the ICU of dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, from January to May 2019. Subjects were 82 patients with sepsis (SOFA score 2). Lactate and albumin levels were measured on the first day of hospitalization. Lactate levels were examined by colorimetric method, albumin was examined by BCG method. The instrument used was Cobas 501. Comparation was carried out using the T-Test/Mann–Whitney test. Prediction of mortality risk was done using relative risk (RR) determination. Results. Significant difference was observed in albumin levels between sepsis patients who survived and who died (p = 0.045). No significant differences were observed in lactate levels and lactate/albumin ratio between sepsis patients who survived and who died (p = 0.211, 0.119, respectively). Relative risks were 3.034 for lactate, 3.667 for albumin, and 4.400 for lactate/albumin ratio. Conclusion. In patients with sepsis, albumin level is the best variable in predicting mortality, followed by lactate/albumin ratio and lactate value. Further study that implements repeated measurement of lactate and albumin in 6 and 12 hours is required to better predict the mortality of sepsis patients.
Complex forecasting the TAC of marine fish species for the Petropavlovsk-Commander subzone based on the longterm data about catch structure in different types of fishery and catches 2019
Authors: Terentyev D. A.
Published: January 2022

Schematic distribution of the single-species TAC (total allowable catch) and RAС (recommended annual catch) in the complex quotas was developed for 2019 based on the long-term average annual data on the structure of the catches in major types of fishing within the Petropavlovsk-Commander subzone. Comparison of this distribution and real catches for this period was provided.
Macrozoobentos on the shelf of the Kronotsky Gulf
Authors: Arkhipova E. A. , Buyanovsky A. I. , Danilin D. D. , Korostelev S. G.
Published: January 2022

Data about the taxonomic composition and spatial distribution of bottom invertebrates of Kronotsky Gulf were obtained on results of bottom grab survey carried in September 2002. Analysis of the samples revealed 72 species of Polychaeta, 21 species of molluscs (Bivalvia), 17 species of crustaceans (mostly Amphipoda), 2 species of echinodermata (Echinoidea and Ophiuroidea). The average biomass in the depth range 25–200 m was 242±116 g/m2 where average density was 306±51 organisms/m2. The most high values of biomass were observed in the outlet parts of the rivers Zhupanova, Semyachik, Kronotskaya, where contribution of sea dollar Echinarachnius parma communities was principal. Despite fluctuations of the biomass of particular taxons during 50 years, the total biomass keeps stable (206–242 g/m2). Like in 1949 E. parma plays the main role in most bottom communities.
Seeds cryopreservation of Vriesea reitzii Leme & A.F. Costa endemic bromeliad from Atlantic Rainforest
Authors: Montoya-Serrano Francisco S. , Dal Vesco Lírio L. , Pescador Rosete
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT Vriesea reitzii is an endemic bromeliad from the Atlantic Rainforest. The objective of this research was to evaluate the cryopreservation using the method of direct immersion of its seeds, collected from capsules at 120, 135, and 150 days after anthesis (DAA). The water content was determined before cryopreservation, while the germination percentage, germination speed index (GSI), and total soluble carbohydrates were quantified after cryopreservation. The highest percentage of moisture (17.6%) was observed in 120 DAA, while the highest percentage of germination (89.6%) and GSI (17.0) were observed in 150 DAA. Optical and transmission electron microscopy analyses were performed, and no cell damage or changes at the morpho-histological and ultrastructural levels were observed after the cryopreservation process. From these results, V. reitzii seeds can be classified as orthodox seeds and the cryopreservation (+LN) is an efficient tool for an ex situ conservation of this species.
Carga mental en profesores y consecuencias en su salud: una revisión integrativa
Authors: González-Palacios Yanni Lonnette , Ceballos-Vásquez Paula Andrea , Rivera-Rojas Flérida
Published: January 2022

Resumen Introducción La literatura en cuanto al contexto laboral de los profesores ha documentado las condiciones de trabajo y sus efectos en la salud, sin embargo, existe escasa evidencia de los efectos de la Carga Mental de Trabajo (CMT) en este grupo, pese a tratarse de un riesgo psicosocial que se construye a partir de factores propios del quehacer docente. Objetivo Explorar la literatura respecto a la CMT percibida por profesores y su relación con condiciones de trabajo y efectos en su salud. Método Se realizó revisión integrativa en bases de datos Web of Science, CINAHL Complete, PubMed y Scielo utilizando descriptores en inglés y español considerándose como criterios de inclusión estudios cuantitativos, cualitativos y mixtos; estudios publicados desde 2013 al 2019. Además, se realizó búsqueda manual, rescatando un estudio de relevancia para el abordaje de la temática. Los estudios fueron sometidos a evaluación según niveles de evidencia desarrollados por el Oxford Centre forEvidence-Based Medicine. Resultados Se localizaron 20 artículos y se formularon categorías de análisis: condiciones laborales de profesores, efectos del trabajo en la salud, carga mental percibida por los mismos, además de establecerse sugerencias para la salud ocupacional. Conclusión Las características del contexto docente incluyen factores propios de la CMT, entre ellos la intensidad laboral y tiempos de trabajo extenuante, ruido, alta cantidad de estudiantes, mala calidad de relaciones interpersonales, inestabilidad laboral y falta de recursos.
Internações por aborto no Brasil, 2008-2018: estudo ecológico de série temporal
Authors: Uliana Maíra Dutra , Marin Daniela Ferreira D’Agostini , Silva Maura Belomé da , Giugliani Camila , Iser Betine Pinto Moehlecke
Published: January 2022

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a tendência temporal das internações por aborto no Brasil, de 2008 a 2018, segundo região e Unidades da Federação (UFs). Métodos: Estudo ecológico, com dados de internações por aborto de mulheres em idade fértil registrados no Sistema de Informações Hospitalares/Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH/SUS). As taxas foram calculadas segundo características da mulher; e a tendência, avaliada por regressão linear generalizada de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: As 2.258.104 internações por aborto representaram 5% de todas as internações de mulheres em idade fértil. Houve redução significativa, de 0,76 pontos percentuais ao ano, no período. Essa tendência ocorreu em 19 UFs brasileiras e em todas as regiões, exceto a Sul (estável). Houve redução significativa (p-valor<0,001) nas internações por aborto espontâneo e nas internações de mulheres de 20 a 39 anos. Conclusão: Observou-se tendência de redução das internações por aborto no país, com variações segundo características da mulher, UF e região de residência.
Association between anesthetic method and postpartum hemorrhage in Korea based on National Health Insurance Service data
Authors: Jee Yongho , Lee Hyun Jung , Kim Youn Jin , Kim Dong Yeon , Woo Jae Hee
Published: January 2022

Background: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a major cause of maternal mortality. An increasing incidence of PPH has been reported in many countries. The risk factors for PPH differ among studies and it can occur in patients with no known risk factors. In this large-scale study, we investigated whether the anesthetic method used was associated with PPH after cesarean section.Methods: We extracted data on cesarean sections performed between January 2008 and June 2013 from the National Health Insurance Service database. The anesthetic methods were categorized into general, spinal and epidural anesthesia. To compare the likelihood of PPH among deliveries using different anesthetic methods, crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using logistic regression analysis.Results: Data from 330,324 cesarean sections were analyzed, and 21,636 cases of PPH were identified. Univariate analysis showed that general and epidural anesthesia increased the risk of PPH compared to spinal anesthesia. The OR for PPH was highest for morbidly adherent placenta, followed by placenta previa, placental abruption, and hypertension. When other clinical covariates were controlled for, general and epidural anesthesia still remained significant risk factors for PPH compared to spinal anesthesia.Conclusions: This study showed that general and epidural anesthesia elevated the risk of PPH compared to spinal anesthesia during cesarean section. Since we could not consider the potential bias of group differences in indications, more in-depth clinical trials are needed to validate our findings. Obstetric factors such as placental abnormalities had high odds ratios and thus are more important than the choice of anesthetic method, which should be based on the patient’s clinical condition and institutional resources.
Mongolia of the Twentieth Century and Russian-Mongolian Relations: Based on the Materials of the Conference Dated May 28, 2021
Authors: Kuzmin Yuri , Manzhigeev Alexey , Sanina Liudmila
Published: January 2022

Currently, the leadership of Russia considers the expansion of economic, scientific and educational cooperation with Mongolia impor­tant, therefore, the study of modern Mongolian and world Mongolian studies, which formulate and determine further development of international relations, seems to be an urgent and contemporary task. The article describes the development trends of modern world and Russian Mongolian studies, poses topical issues that need to be resolved in the face of increasing geopolitical competition in Mongolia. It is an overview of the reports presented at the international scientific-practical conference «Mongolia of the 20th century and Russian-Mongolian relations: history and economy» dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the establishment of Russian-Mongolian diplomatic relations, which took place on May 28, 2021 in Irkutsk on the basis of the Baikal State University. The conference participants supported the idea of creating a «Biobibliographic Dictionary of Russian Researchers in Mongolia». It was proposed to include in the dictionary corpus not only the representatives of Russian Mongolologist, but also Turkologists, Sinologists, researchers of the history of Russia, as well as practitioners: diplomats, translators, military men, merchants, journalists who wrote studies on history, geography, economics, culture and art of Mongolia. Thus, scientific Russian-Mongolian cooperation continues successfully, new joint publications, round tables, and scientific conferences are being planned.
La imitación como estrategia de alfabetización visual en la formación del diseñador gráfico. Una propuesta metodológica desde el diseño editorial
Authors: Suárez-Carballo Fernando , Martín-Sanromán Juan-Ramón , Martins Nuno
Published: January 2022

El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar una propuesta educativa orientada al aprendizaje del lenguaje visual en diseño gráfico que recurre a la imitación como herramienta para mejorar la alfabetidad visual (entendida como la facultad para interpretar y construir imágenes o la capacidad para comunicarse eficazmente mediante códigos visuales). La investigación emplea una metodología cualitativa de observación participativa basada en un estudio de caso —la asignatura Comunicación Visual, perteneciente al grado universitario en Periodismo, durante el período 2019-2021— para evaluar el desarrollo de dos publicaciones de la especialidad de diseño editorial (revista y libro), siguiendo la técnica del Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos. Los resultados, atendiendo a la excelencia de los trabajos y al óptimo rendimiento académico, avalan la utilidad de la copia y de las herramientas digitales para la inspiración (Pinterest) en la alfabetización visual de los alumnos. Las conclusiones apuntan al especial interés de este método en la formación del diseñador gráfico, principalmente en las fases de enseñanza más tempranas y en aquellas materias centradas en el aprendizaje del código visual; a la positiva repercusión de la copia en la comprensión de los aspectos comunicativos del diseño gráfico; y, finalmente, a la importancia del software de autoedición en el dominio de los conceptos básicos del lenguaje visual (la tipografía, el color y la composición, fundamentalmente).
La cultura visual y la publicidad como herramientas para enseñar las figuras retóricas en el aula de español para extranjeros
Authors: Aliaga Aguza Laura María
Published: January 2022

Actualmente, el mundo se encuentra repleto de imágenes. El ser humano está dotado de una cultura y alfabetización visual vinculadas que facilitan el entendimiento de todo aquello que le rodea. En este artículo se presenta una experiencia educativa en la que se ha aprovechado dicha cultura visual para llevar al aula de español para extranjeros ocho figuras retóricas. Se parte de la hipótesis de que la alfabetización visual genera una serie de conocimientos que se pueden explotar en la práctica pedagógica, esencialmente al facilitar su comprensión y, por ende, colaborar en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del alumnado. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo una investigación cuasi-experimental, por medio de una metodología activa y participativa basada en la observación y en la deducción de procedimientos retóricos a partir de imágenes publicitarias. Para comprobar la efectividad de la propuesta pedagógica se han sometido a análisis dos grupos: uno de control, en el que se aplicaba la enseñanza tradicional; y otro experimental, en el que se introducía un taller pedagógico de carácter horizontal. A través de esta práctica pedagógica se ha logrado que el grupo de discentes de español del grupo experimental, correspondiente a un nivel B2, reconociesen de forma visual ocho figuras retóricas bastante recurrentes en publicidad y mejorasen el dominio de dicho procedimiento retórico. La cultura visual ha permitido llevar al aula un contenido pedagógico difícil de comprender. Asimismo, el alumno ha sido protagonista y guía de su propio aprendizaje a través de la transformación de la estrategia pedagógica, en la que se relacionan conocimiento e interacciones comunicativas.
La fotografía entre estudiantes de periodismo y comunicación audiovisual de las universidades públicas andaluzas: consumo, cultura visual y una propuesta pedagógica
Authors: Blanco Pérez Manuel
Published: January 2022

La irrupción de la tecnología smartphone en el campo de la fotografía ha provocado profundas convulsiones en el consumo, creación y difusión de las imágenes. Este sector, como ningún otro, ha tenido severas reformulaciones en la última década: la muerte de la fotografía réflex analógica a manos de la digital (DSLR), y la muerte de esta, a su vez, a mano de los smartphones, todo con el trasfondo de la sociedad red. Esa situación merece una profunda reflexión académica. Para nuestra investigación se ha diseñado una metodología basada en un total de 361 estudiantes de las asignaturas de fotografía de las facultades de comunicación de Andalucía (Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad de Cádiz, Universidad de Málaga y Universidad de Granada). Se ha escogido Andalucía por ser la comunidad autónoma con más habitantes de España, por lo que las facultades de Comunicación andaluzas tienen mucho peso en el panorama académico español y, además, posee lazos evidentes con Latinoamérica, lo cual es una de las señas de la universidad pública andaluza. Ello nos ha permitido, por un lado, tomar conciencia sobre cómo se relacionan estos estudiantes de comunicación con el medio fotográfico en la actualidad (luego de la implantación del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior), pero, sobre todo, a partir de ese diagnóstico, nos ha permitido articular, en plena era Covid-19, una propuesta pedagógica de la enseñanza de la fotografía en el contexto educativo universitario que se ha implantado en el curso 2020/21 en la universidad pública de Cádiz, y cuya implantación se aprobó el curso anterior. Una nueva encuesta midió el grado de satisfacción por parte del alumnado.

Se ha tratado de una propuesta de praxis pensada para la alfabetidad visual del alumnado (capacidad de interpretar y crear imaginarios a partir del estudio del lenguaje visual). Este ejercicio de creatividad es competencia fundamental para la práctica del oficio de la comunicación.
Alfabetización visual de docentes de arte en formación en la Facultad de Bellas Artes (UCM) a través de representaciones visuales de su propio concepto de arte
Authors: Albar Mansoa Pedro Javier , Antúnez del Cerro Noelia
Published: January 2022

En este texto nos acercaremos a la alfabetización visual de quienes, formándose en bellas artes, quieren dedicarse a la docencia, y la importancia de esta en estos profesionales, con la intención de lograr los siguientes objetivos: 1) Medir la presencia de la alfabetización visual en las titulaciones. 2) Evaluar la alfabetización visual de estudiantes a través de su capacidad de representar un concepto abstracto mediante imágenes. 3) Indagar acerca del concepto de arte que tiene el alumnado y cuál eligen para transmitir.

Para ello, partimos de la premisa de que este alumnado debería ser experto en alfabetización visual, por el manejo que del lenguaje visual hacen como creadores y por el tipo de pensamiento (visual - espacial) que presuponemos predomina en ellos; revisamos el concepto de pensamiento visual y los de metáfora visual y pictograma.

En nuestro estudio de campo, y dentro del desarrollo de actividades sobre el tema, recogemos 25 metáforas visuales y 167 pictogramas realizados por el alumnado de diferentes titulaciones en los que se representa el concepto arte. Estos ejercicios son analizados tanto desde el punto de vista formal y de adecuación al lenguaje utilizado como desde su contenido, para medir la alfabetización visual y conocer el concepto de arte que pueden transmitir con ellos.

Los resultados nos muestran que la alfabetización visual no aparece en los documentos que describen las titulaciones, aunque sí conceptos relacionados (lenguaje visual, comunicación visual,…), pero hay asignaturas en los grados en bellas artes y en diseño que incluyen contenido relacionado. En cuanto a la realización de metáforas y pictogramas, la mayor parte del alumnado lo ha hecho satisfactoriamente, transmitiendo un concepto de arte muy relacionado con lo manual (aunque también con lo mental) y con el pincel y/o la paleta como imágenes clave para su representación.
Problems and Principles of Reconstruction of Certain Concepts of Philosophy and Cultural Narratives (Methodological Considerations)
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Rozin Vadim
Published: January 2022

The article deals with the problems and principles of reconstruction of certain concepts of philosophy and cultural narratives. The reason was the discussion of N. Kanaeva's report at the Institute of Philosophy, read at a seminar on the geography of rationality. Analyzing V. Bibikhin's work "Wittgenstein: Change of Aspect", the author poses the problem of correctly (to avoid contradictions and reach an understandable logic of text interpretation) reading the narratives of a foreign culture or even the narratives of one's own culture, but belonging to a different direction of thought. Such a reading, he claims, presupposes special optics, a hermeneutic concept and a cultural-historical reconstruction. To introduce and clarify what can be understood by such concepts (optics, concept and reconstruction), an analysis of two cases is proposed: semiotic schemes and G. Oldenberg's study of the Buddha's teachings. The schemes are discussed on the basis of the works of Plato ("Feast" and "Timaeus"). The author shows that Plato in "The Feast" constructs schemes for solving problem situations and specifying ideal objects, and in "Timaeus" he discusses the nature of schemes. In turn, Oldenberg reconstructs the prehistory of Buddhism and the basic ideas proposed by the Buddha. A feature of its reconstruction is an appeal to the culture of Ancient India, an analysis of the ancient Hindu consciousness and mentality, a discussion of the features of Buddhist discourse. The author concludes that if the ideas about Buddhism outlined by Oldenberg are used for the purpose of understanding Buddhist narratives, then these ideas as optics can be summed up under the notion of a hermeneutic concept. This concept is structured in such a way that it clearly takes into account the peculiarities of the Hindu culture and mentality, as different from the European ones.
Risks of the Digitalization of Life of the Population and Ways of Decreasing Them
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Stukalenko Elena
Published: January 2022

Digital technologies, ubiquitous in our daily life, have radically changed the way we work, communicate, and consume in a short period of time. They affect all components of quality of life: well-being, work, health, education, social connections, environmental quality, the ability to participate and govern civil society, and so on. Digital transformation creates both opportunities and serious risks to the well-being of people. Researchers and statistical agencies around the world are facing a major challenge to develop new tools to analyze the impact of digital transformation on the well-being of the population. The risks are very diverse in nature and it is very difficult to identify the key factor. All researchers conclude that secure digital technologies significantly improve the lives of those who have the skills to use them and pose a serious risk of inequality for society, as they introduce a digital divide between those who have the skills to use them and those who do not. In the article, the author examines the risks created by digital technologies for some components of the quality of life (digital component of the quality of life), which are six main components: the digital quality of the population, providing the population with digital benefits, the labor market in the digital economy, the impact of digitalization on the social sphere, state electronic services for the population and the security of information activities. The study was carried out on the basis of the available statistical base and the results of research by scientists from different countries of the world. The risks of the digital economy cannot be ignored when pursuing state social policy. Attention is paid to government regulation aimed at reducing the negative consequences of digitalization through the prism of national, federal projects and other events.
Post-Heroic Time: Digitalization, Precariate, Qualimetry
Authors:   Vladimir Law Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, Timoshchuk Alexey
Published: January 2022

The collective monograph, along with the classical themes of V.A. Kutyrev, contains new themes of his co-authors V.V. Slyusarev and T.M. Khusyainov: transformation of social structures, problems of interaction with virtual assistants, personal self-identification in the information society, labor resources in the context of globalization, opposition to humanism and efficiency in the market. The second theme is the increasing complexity of the information society through speed, data volumes, convergence, and dialogue. Religious differences that have fundamentally differentiated ethnic groups for so many centuries are a thing of the past. Differentiation of consumption styles, the ecological load on the biosphere and the capacity of the habitat; these are the current antinomies of man and technology. The paper deals with the effects of current social dynamics, in particular, the increasing processes of precarization, the accelerating pace of life and population growth. Stable employment, sustainable development, wisdom, conservative values; all of this is offered as a sacrifice to civilization, gamification, informatization and together constitutes a society of risk. Can we talk about human consumption by Technos? Isn't this black slug on the cover of the monograph yet another philosophical hypostatized metaphor? It would be correct to say that in conditions of overproduction of people, we need equipment for more efficient production. Without it, we cannot remain human. Technology helped us to leave a purely biological state and become sapient, civilized. Artificial intelligence, neural networks, robotics, blockchain (data processing distribution), 5G standard, big data, internet of things, cloud computing, 3D printing, augmented reality; these are not monster technologies, transhumanist actors, but something that can provide promising employment to millions of people. The problem of unemployment in post-industrial society is already becoming global, because humanity has reached the limits of development. The rapid precarization of the population is proof of this. The mass of people on the planet cannot find normal employment with social guarantees. So maybe we need to thank tech? The review ends with such an ambiguous conclusion.
Action without Intention: Some Remarks of Analytical Philosophy Applied to the Theory of Social Action
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Sanzhenakov Aleksander
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to the consideration of the theory of social action in the context of criticism of the theory of action by analytical philosophy. Firstly, the article describes the basic concepts of social action by M. Weber, E. Durkheim, and T. Parsons. Despite some disagreements between these sociologists, they agree that social action is purposeful and intentional, as well as focused on other people, due to which it receives a social characteristic. Then the author turns to analytical philosophy, in which the concept of "intention" was subjected to skeptical analysis. For example, in the philosophy of late Wittgenstein, action receives its meaning not from the intentions of the actor, but from the context of its implementation, just as words get their meaning from the conditions in which they are used. His ideas were developed by E. Anscombe, who rejected introspection as a method of comprehending the intentions of the subject of action. An obvious consequence of the refusal of psychologizing intent was an appeal to the context of the action being performed and to its social conditions as well. Having considered examples of the application of the theories of social action, the author concludes that sociologists in most of their studies use the model of a rational subject of action, the distinguishing feature of which is awareness of one’s own intentions and goals. Although some researchers have attempted to make this model weaker in order to approximate it to real participants of social interaction, these changes did not affect the awareness of the subject of action of his own goals and intentions. Therefore, the author of the article concludes that one of the urgent tasks of sociology is to develop a new model of the subject of action, which will organically combine the subject’s orientation to the external context and limited awareness of the grounds for his own actions.
A New Look at an Old Topic (Money Sources for Municipalities)
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Lavrovskiy Boris ,   Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to some aspects of card games, and the evolution of casinos in modern Russia. It is shown that in connection with criminalization and other negative phenomena, the gambling business was equated with “alcoholization of the population”. The problem of criminalization could not be solved, since casinos and slot machines migrated largely underground. The internet has become another loophole. In the mid-2000s, the loss of income from casinos to the state budget was a drop in the ocean. After 15 years, the situation has changed. Budget deficits of municipalities have become almost the norm, many subjects of the Federation have become chronic debtors. New non-trivial sources of state and municipal revenues are required. If, taking into account the pros and cons, it turns out to be possible to legalize the gambling business in the country, it should be based on new principles. Among them, locations far from cities, in regional centers, strict state control, a special (but not stifling) tax regime, no credits to players, and wide scale restrictions.
Comparative Analysis of Innovative Activity of Companies in High-Tech and Low-Tech Sectors
Authors:   Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Goryushkin Anton
Published: January 2022

The level of innovation activity has not changed for a large number of years, despite the measures taken by the state. Based on empirical data, the article examines the dynamics of the following components of companies’ innovative activity in high-tech and low-tech sectors of the manufacturing industry: introduction of product and other types of innovations; activities to improve the qualifications of personnel; purchase of licensed foreign technologies and intangible assets. We also tested the statistical significance of differences in the levels of innovation activity of high-tech and low-tech companies in different economic conditions using the t-criterion. The analysis showed a decrease in the share of companies engaged in any kind of innovative activity. During the period of economic growth, both high-tech and low-tech companies made equal use of opportunities to increase innovation activity. It was found that the level of innovation activity among high-tech companies declines to a lesser extent than among low-tech companies during the crisis. In these conditions, high-tech companies are more actively using "internal reserves": they are working more to improve the skill level of staff and implementing innovation processes. During periods of high and low rates of economic growth, high-tech companies often buy new technology, but it does not lead to greater innovation activity; companies are only updating their technological base. During the period of weak economic growth, companies in both sectors continued to reduce their innovative activity in all areas. The resumption of growth trends in innovative activities is possible only when companies see the prospects from the implementation of innovative activities.