bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical signaling through membrane tension induces somal translocation during neuronal migration
Authors: Minegishi Takunori , Hasebe Honami , Aoyama Tomoya , Naruse Keiji , Takahashi Yasufumi , Inagaki Naoyuki
Published: August 2023

Neurons migrate in a saltatory manner by repeating two distinct steps: extension of the leading process and translocation of the cell body. The former step is critical for determining the migratory route in response to extracellular guidance cues. In the latter step, neurons must generate robust forces that translocate the bulky soma against mechanical barriers of the surrounding three-dimensional environment. However, the link between the leading process extension and subsequent somal translocation remains unknown. By using scanning ion conductance microscopy, we show that leading process extension increases plasma membrane tension. The tension elevation activated mechanosensitive ion channels and triggered Ca2+influx, leading to actomyosin activation at the rear of the cell. Blockade of this signaling pathway disturbed somal translocation, thereby inhibiting neuronal migration in three-dimensional environments. Thus, mechanical signaling through plasma membrane tension and mechano-channels links the leading process extension to somal translocation, allowing rapid and saltatory neuronal migration.
Investigation on corrosion tendency behaviour of TA2 titanium alloy welded joints under flow scouring conditions using the array electrode method
Authors: Liu Yingshuang , Liu Ran , Zhang Dalei , Xing Shaohua , Dou Xiaohui , Zhang Xinwei , He Zonghao
Published: August 2023

Purpose

The corrosion behaviour of titanium alloy surface when fluid with different flow rates flows through welded joints with different residual heights was explored.

Design/methodology/approach

The experiment uses a combination of array electrodes and simulation.

Findings

It is found that when the weld reinforcement exists, the corrosion tendency of both ends of the weld metal is greater than that of other parts of the welded joint due to the influence of high turbulence kinetic energy and shear stress. The presence of weld reinforcement heights makes the fluid behind it fluctuate greatly. The passivation films of both the base metal (BM) at the rear and the heat-affected zone (HAZ) are more prone to corrosion than those of the front BM and HAZ, and the passivation film is rougher.

Originality/value

The combination of test and simulation was used to explore the influence of electrochemical and hydrodynamic factors on the corrosion behaviour of titanium alloy-welded joints when welding residual height existed.
Nonformal learning approaches and the professional development of teachers in higher education
Authors: Owusu-Agyeman Yaw
Published: August 2023

Purpose

As universities find new ways of implementing professional development programs (PDPs), very few scholarly studies have examined how teachers could advance their knowledge and skills through PDPs that are developed based on nonformal learning approaches. To address this knowledge gap, the current study examines how PDPs could be facilitated using nonformal learning approaches to enhance the current and future professional practice of teachers in a South African University.

Design/methodology/approach

Data for the current study were gathered using semistructured face-to-face interviews among 28 teachers who were purposively sampled from the university. The interview data gathered were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Findings

The four themes that emerged from the narrative data analyzed were: developing teacher professional practice through diverse nonformal learning arrangements; challenges associated with PDPs that are designed using nonformal learning arrangements; teacher rationale for participating in PDPs that follow nonformal learning arrangements and; the role of leadership in professional development. The findings reveal that nonformal approaches are used widely in the professional development of teachers and teachers have diverse reasons for joining PDPs. Further, leadership also plays a major role in the professional development of teachers.

Practical implications

When HEIs use nonformal learning approaches to facilitate PDPs, they could 1) enable teachers to easily transfer the knowledge they acquire from the PDPs to the teaching and learning setting and 2) create a situated learning environment where experienced teachers and other experts support the professional development of young teachers.

Originality/value

This paper presents original ideas on how nonformal learning approaches could be used to facilitate PDPs and to enhance the professional practice of teachers in HEIs.
Intention of mix-mode consumer shopping service adoption: a case in the retailing context
Authors: Düzenli Özge , Felekoğlu Burcu
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the intention of adopting a technological service innovation that is a mix-mode consumer shopping service in the retailing context.

Design/methodology/approach

A modified extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) model is tested by using data on a real example named “Mkolay” which is a new mix-mode consumer shopping service. Data are collected from 217 participants and analyzed by using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM).

Findings

Research findings show that the customers' intention to use the new mix-mode consumer shopping service is particularly influenced by performance expectations, effort expectations, social influence and personal innovativeness.

Practical implications

In designing a mix-mode consumer shopping service, keeping the design as simple and easy to use as possible seems to increase the intention of adoption. Additionally, collaborating with reference figures or influencers could be instrumental to spread the new service to a wider audience hence increase the likelihood of adoption. Practitioners should also use new technologies in different ways to attract and surprise customers, especially taking into account the technological profile of potential users.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature of technological service innovation adoption by revealing the factors affecting the intention of adoption of mix-mode consumer shopping service in the retailing context with a modified UTAUT2 model.
Thermal characteristics and distribution rule of lubrication film of full ceramic ball bearing under different service condition
Authors: Sun Jian , Fang Xin , Yao Jinmei , Zhang Zhe , Guan Renyun , Zhang Guangxiang
Published: August 2023

Purpose

The study aims to the distribution rule of lubricating oil film of full ceramic ball bearing and improve its performance and life.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper established an analysis model based on the fluid–solid conjugate heat transfer theory for full ceramic ball bearings. The distribution of flow, temperature and pressure field of bearings under variable working conditions is analyzed. Meanwhile, the mathematical model of elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) of full ceramic ball bearings is established. The numerical analysis is used to study the influence of variable working conditions on the lubricant film thickness and pressure distribution of bearings. The temperature rise test of full ceramic ball bearing under oil lubrication was carried out to verify the correctness of simulation results.

Findings

As the speed increased, the oil volume fraction in full ceramic ball bearing decreased and the surface pressure of rolling element increased. The temperature rise of full ceramic ball bearings increases with increasing speed and load. The lubricant film thickness of full ceramic ball bearing is positively correlated with speed and negatively correlated with load. The pressure of lubricating film is positively correlated with speed and load. The test shows that the higher inner ring speed and radial load, the higher the steady-state temperature rise of full ceramic ball bearing. The test results are in high agreement with simulation results.

Originality/value

Based on the fluid–solid conjugate heat transfer theory and combined with Reynolds equation, lubricating oil film thickness formula, viscosity temperature and viscosity pressure formula. The thermal analysis model and EHL mathematical model of ceramic ball bearings are established. The flow field, temperature field and pressure field distribution of the full ceramic ball bearing are determined. And the thickness and pressure distribution of lubricating oil film in the contact area of full ceramic ball bearing were determined.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at:https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-05-2023-0126/
COVID-19-related disclosures by listed firms in Vietnam
Authors: Thi Hoang Thanh Thanh , Nguyen Huu Cuong
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to measure the COVID-19-related disclosure extent of listed firms in Vietnam and its associated factors.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors apply a previously developed reporting framework to evaluate the disclosures of 100 listed firms with the largest market capitalization on the Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh stock exchanges as of 31 December 2021. The disclosures were from integrated reports, annual reports, corporate governance reports and financial statements. The authors then used a regression model to examine the factors that influenced the disclosures, such as corporate governance, ownership concentration and firm profiles.

Findings

The research results reveal that the extent of COVID-19-related disclosure in Vietnam is relatively low. It also finds that the audit committee, firm size, age and industry are positively associated with the extent of COVID-19-related disclosure.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to examine COVID-19-related disclosures of listed companies in Vietnam and their determinants. It contributes significantly to the empirical evidence in this field. The findings of this study can help corporate managers and policymakers to improve information disclosure practices during future financial crises.
Corporate social responsibility and disclosure transparency
Authors: Wild John J. , Wild Jonathan M.
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the relation between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and disclosure transparency by examining over 12,000 disclosures of financial statements extending over 20 years. The purpose is to understand how CSR ratings relate to the level of disaggregation in financial statement line items. The study considers additional factors, such as firm size and governance, that can accentuate or moderate this relation.

Design/methodology/approach

This study applies regression analysis, including interactions, to test the magnitude of the relation between CSR ratings and disclosure transparency. CSR is measured as a composite score that ranks firms on their reputation over numerous indicators compiled by Morgan Stanley Capital International. Disclosure transparency is measured as the level of disaggregation in financial statement line items.

Findings

The study reveals evidence consistent with the notion that firms which are more CSR conscious are also more transparent with financial statements. Evidence shows that the level of transparency is more sensitive to changes in CSR for firms less CSR conscious. Firm size is found to moderate this relation, whereas enhanced governance accentuates it.

Originality/value

There is limited research on the relation between CSR ratings and disclosure transparency. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first empirical evidence on the relation between CSR ratings and the disaggregation of financial statement line items. Results from this study help us understand the drivers of disclosure transparency, which can aid regulators, investors and other stakeholders in knowing how such drivers impact managerial decisions on the disaggregation of financial statements. Accountants play a central role in producing transparent and disaggregated accounting disclosures, and their role is pivotal in effectively integrating CSR into accounting and reporting models.
Do wholesale pricing strategies matter during asymmetric disruptions? A game theoretic analysis
Authors: Raju Sarin , T.M. Rofin , S. Pavan Kumar , Jacob Jagan
Published: August 2023

Purpose

In most economies, there are rules from the market regulators or government to sell at an equal wholesale price (EWP). But when one upstream channel is facing a negative demand disruption and another positive, EWP can create extra pressure on the disadvantageous supply chain partner, which faces negative disruption. The purpose of this study is to analyse the impact of EWP and the scope of the discriminatory wholesale price (DWP) during disruptions.

Design/methodology/approach

For the study, the authors used a dual-channel supply chain consisting of a manufacturer, online retailer (OR) and traditional brick-and-mortar (BM) retailer. Stackelberg game is used to model the interaction between the upstream and downstream channel partners, and the horizontal Nash game to analyse the interaction within downstream channel partners. For modelling asymmetric disruption, the authors took instances from the lock-down and post-lock-down periods of the COVID-19 pandemic, where consumers flow from BM retailer to OR store.

Findings

By analysing the disruption period, the authors found that this asymmetric disruption is detrimental to the BM channel, favourable to OR and has no impact on the manufacturer. But with DWP, the authors found that the profit of the BM channel and manufacturer can be increased during disruption. Though the profit of the OR decreased, it was found to be higher than in the pre-disruption period. Under DWP, the consumer surplus increased during disruption, making it favourable for the customers also. Thus, DWP can aid in creating a win-win strategy for all the supply chain partners during asymmetric disruption. Later as an extension to the study, the authors analysed the impact of the consumer transfer factor and found that it plays a crucial role in the optimal decisions of the channel partner during DWP.

Originality/value

Very scant literature analyses the intersection of DWP and disruptions. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study, for the first time uses DWP as a tool to help the disadvantageous supply chain partner during asymmetric disruptions. The study findings will assist the government, market regulators and manufacturers in revamping the wholesale pricing policies and strategies to help the disadvantageous supply chain partner during asymmetric disruption.
The demand-what-you-want strategy to service recovery: achieving high customer satisfaction with low service failure compensation using anchoring and precision effects
Authors: Kron Nathalie , Björkman Jesper , Ek Peter , Pihlgren Micael , Mazraeh Hanan , Berggren Benny , Sörqvist Patrik
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Previous research suggests that the compensation offered to customers after a service failure has to be substantial to make customer satisfaction surpass that of an error-free service. However, with the right service recovery strategy, it might be possible to reduce compensation size while maintaining happy customers. The aim of the current study is to test whether an anchoring technique can be used to achieve this goal.

Design/methodology/approach

After experiencing a service failure, participants were told that there is a standard size of the compensation for service failures. The size of this standard was different depending on condition. Thereafter, participants were asked how much they would demand to be satisfied with their customer experience.

Findings

The compensation demand was relatively high on average (1,000–1,400 SEK, ≈ $120). However, telling the participants that customers typically receive 200 SEK as compensation reduced their demand to about 800 SEK (Experiment 1)—an anchoring effect. Moreover, a precise anchoring point (a typical compensation of 247 SEK) generated a lower demand than rounded anchoring points, even when the rounded anchoring point was lower (200 SEK) than the precise counterpart (Experiment 2)—a precision effect.

Implications/value

Setting a low compensation standard—yet allowing customers to actually receive compensations above the standard—can make customers more satisfied while also saving resources in demand-what-you-want service recovery situations, in particular when the compensation standard is a precise value.
Synchronizing innovation: unveiling the synergy of need-based and curiosity-based experimentation in AI technology adoption for libraries
Authors: Gupta Varun , Gupta Chetna
Published: August 2023

Purpose

In the context of libraries adopting artificial intelligence (AI) technology, this paper aims to demonstrate the synergy between two different yet complimentary frameworks, need-based experimentation (NBE) and curiosity-based experimentation (CBE). It looks at how these frameworks interact and operate together to promote technological innovation and innovation in libraries.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors’ extensive professional experience in the AI adoption and innovation of libraries is drew upon in this paper. The methodology encompasses empirical observations of various libraries engaging in digital innovations through experimentations with AI technology adoption practices. Using the frameworks of NBE and CB), these observations are examined to find patterns, relationships and mutual reinforcement between the two methods. The analysis of this study is built on the authors’ observations and real-world case studies.

Findings

The research reveals that NBE and CBE work together to provide libraries with all-encompassing adoption methods for AI technology. This study indicates a dynamic interaction between NBE and CBE that boosts libraries’ methods for adopting AI technology. NBE acts as a catalyst for CBE by raising awareness of specific library needs, prompting librarians to explore AI technologies aligned with those needs. This synergy empowers librarians to creatively experiment with technology solutions that directly address pressing library challenges. Conversely, CBE fuels NBE by promoting group learning among diverse team members and fostering individual motivation to tackle library needs collaboratively. As they explore AI technology out of personal curiosity, librarians make important contributions that enhance NBE.

Originality/value

The novel aspect of this study is the recognition of the complementarity between NBE and CBE frameworks, which suggests that libraries should view them as intertwined rather than two separate approaches. Focusing on both methodologies increases the culture of experimentation and improves the problem-solving abilities of librarians. Innovation is fueled by controlled experimentation and innate curiosity in an atmosphere that is fostered by the mutual influence of NBE and CBE. This synthesis offers libraries a comprehensive strategy for adopting AI technology, empowering them to manage the shifting environment and realize the revolutionary promise of AI technologies.
Accounts and counter-accounts: accounting and accountability for asbestos-related liabilities
Authors: Ukwatte Jalathge Sarath Lal , Tran Hang , Ukwatte Lalitha , Lemma Tesfaye , Samkin Grant
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This study aims to investigate disclosure of asbestos-related liabilities in corporate accounts and counter-accounts to examine whether and how accounting contributes to corporate accountability for asbestos-contaminated products.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses the Goffmanesque perspective on impression management to examine instances of concealed asbestos-related liabilities in corporate accounts vis-à-vis the revealing of such liabilities in counter-accounts.

Findings

The findings show counter-accounts provide significant information on liabilities originating from the exposure of employees and consumers to asbestos. By contrast, the malleability of accounting tools enables companies to eschew accounting disclosures. While the frontstage positive performance of companies served an impression management role, their backstage concealing actions enabled companies to cover up asbestos-related liabilities. These companies used three categories of mechanisms to avoid disclosure of asbestos-related liabilities: concealing via a “cloak of competence”, impression management via epistemic work and a silent strategy of concealment frontstage with strategic reorganisation backstage.

Practical implications

This study has policy relevance as regulators need to consider the limits of corporate disclosures as an accountability tool. The findings may also initiate academic and practitioner conversations about accounting standards for long-term liabilities.

Originality/value

This study highlights the strategies companies use both frontstage and backstage to avoid disclosing asbestos-related liabilities. Through analysis of accounts and counter-accounts, this study identifies the limits of accounting as an accountability tool regarding asbestos-induced diseases and deaths.
The 3D photogrammetry approach of tiny model using the rotative scanning
Authors: Fawzy Hossam El-Din , Badawy Maher , Farhan Magda
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to discuss the scanning methodology depending on the close-range photogrammetry technique, which is appropriate for the precise three-dimensional (3D) modelling of objects in millimetres, such as the dimensions and structures in sub-millimetre scale.

Design/methodology/approach

The camera was adjusted to be tilted around the horizontal axis, while coded dot targets were used to calibrate the digital camera. The experiment was repeated with different rotation angles (5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, 30°, 50° and 60°). The images were processed with the PhotoModeler software to create the 3D model of the sample and estimate its dimensions. The features of the sample were measured using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, which has been considered as a reference and the comparative dimensions.

Findings

The results from the current study concluded that changing the rotation angle does not significantly affect the results, unless the angle of imagery is large which prevent achieving about 20: 30% overlap between the images but, the more angle decreases, the more number of images increase as well as the processing duration in the programme.

Originality/value

Develop an automatic appropriate for the precise 3D modelling of objects in millimetres, such as the dimensions and structures in sub-millimetre scale using photogrammetry.
Money matters: consumption variability across the income distribution
Authors: Fisher Jonathan , Hardy Bradley L.
Published: August 2023

Using the Consumer Expenditure Survey, we document the level and variability of quarterly consumption across the socio‐economic distribution. While the measurement of well‐being is focused on income, the secular and policy discourse prioritises income‐adequacy to meet family needs. This concern over income‐adequacy centres on the capacity of families to predictably consume minimally acceptable levels of basic needs, and the social and economic mobility consequences of low consumption. Our results show a clear socio‐economic and demographic gradient of lower consumption amid higher consumption variability for disadvantaged groups. Food, entertainment, and personal care goods and services exhibit relatively high levels of consumption variability among low‐income households.
T‐cell lymphoma patient harboring BCL11B mutations had favorable overall survival
Authors: Chen Cunte , Huang Ling , Liu Sichu , Jiang Xinmiao , Chen Feili , Wei Xiaojuan , Guo Hanguo , Zeng Xiangbo , Zeng Chengwu , Przybylski Grzegorz K. , Li Wenyu , Li Yangqiu
Published: August 2023

Background

Molecular genetics serve a critical role in constructing risk stratification for hematological malignancies, but T‐cell lymphoma (TCL) still lacks molecular genetic information for supplement risk stratification in predicting the prognosis of TCL patients. In the present study, we characterized the mutation patterns of B‐cell leukemia/lymphoma 11B gene (BCL11B) and its prognostic importance in TCL patients.

Methods

BCL11B mutations were characterized based on the data from two datasets, one is from our clinical center (GDPH dataset, n = 79) and the other is from COSMIC dataset (n = 154).

Results

The overall mutation rate of BCL11B was 6.4% (15/233) in TCL, and there were no hotspot mutation sites in TCL. Among these mutations, the missense and splice site mutation were significantly prominent. Moreover, TCL patients harboring BCL11B mutations had a favorable overall survival (OS) in our center (GDPH dataset) (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = .001, p = 0.109), although there were not yet significantly statistical at this point. In addition, TCL patients harboring BCL11B mutation had a longer 5‐year restricted mean survival time (RMST) than those without a BCL11B mutation (60 vs. 32 months). Notably, BCL11B mutations were not associated with TCL entities having better prognosis.

Conclusions

BCL11B mutations were associated with favorable clinical outcome for TCL patients; it might be considered as a novel biomarker for TCL prognostic stratification.
Does robotic TME bring difference in lymph node yield and quality of TME?
Authors: Votava Jan , Kachlík David , Pazdírek Filip , Grega Marek , Vjaclovský Michal , Hoch Jiří
Published: August 2023

Backgrounds

Oncological outcomes of the robotic low anterior rectal resection with total mesorectal excision (TME) are still under discussion. Few studies have proven that robotic TME (rTME) is a safe and equivalent method for treatment of rectal carcinoma. But there is almost no comparison between the rTME and conventional TME in terms of the number of lymph nodes obtained and the quality of the TME.

Methods

A single institution retrospective study was designed in a cohort of 261 patients. Cohort was divided into two groups depending on the type of surgery (rTME versus TME) and within these two groups, patients were divided according to whether they underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiation (nCHRT) or did not. The primary objective of the study was to compare obtained number of the lymph nodes in specimen. Secondary objectives were comparison of the quality of the TME and the number of positive circumferential resection margins.

Results

Results of the study have shown no significant difference in number of the lymph nodes obtained by the rTME and TME. There was no difference in the quality of the TME, neither in the group with the previous nCHRT nor in the group without a nCHRT.

Conclusion

With results from the study we consider the rTME to be non‐inferior to the conventional TME. Therefore, at least identical oncological results can be expected in patients treated by the rTME.
A case series study of compassion‐focused therapy for distressing experiences in psychosis
Authors: Heriot‐Maitland Charles , Gumley Andrew , Wykes Til , Longden Eleanor , Irons Chris , Gilbert Paul , Peters Emmanuelle
Published: August 2023

Objectives

Compassion‐focused therapy (CFT) is an evolution‐informed biopsychosocial approach that seeks to cultivate attachment and care motivational systems and their psychophysiological regulators. These can counteract some of the harmful effects of social threat, inferiority, shame, self‐criticism and depression, which are common in people with psychosis and undermine their well‐being, social trust and ability to feel safe. This study aimed to test the acceptability of a novel manualized individual CFT intervention for psychosis (CFTp).

Design

A non‐concurrent, multiple‐baseline, case series design, with three phases: baseline, intervention and follow‐up.

Methods

The 26‐session CFTp intervention was provided for a sample of eight people with distressing psychotic experiences and a psychosis‐related diagnosis. The study aimed to assess acceptability of CFTp and to test clinically reliable improvements while receiving the intervention, compared to a baseline period.

Results

Seven of eight participants completed the therapy, and clinically reliable improvements were found at both the single‐case and group level of analysis. At the single‐case level, over half the participants showed improvements in depression (5/7), stress (5/7), distress (5/7), anxiety (4/7) and voices (3/5). One participant showed a deterioration in anxiety (1/7) and dissociation (1/7). At the group level (n = 7), there were significant improvements in depression, stress, distress, voices and delusions. The improvements in voices, delusions and distress were sustained at 6‐ to 8‐week follow‐up, but depression and stress dropped slightly to trend‐level improvements.

Conclusions

CFTp is a feasible and acceptable intervention for psychosis, and further investigation is warranted with a randomized controlled trial.
Capturing wild animal welfare: a physiological perspective
Authors: Beaulieu Michaël
Published: August 2023

Affective states, such as emotions, are presumably widespread across the animal kingdom because of the adaptive advantages they are supposed to confer. However, the study of the affective states of animals has thus far been largely restricted to enhancing the welfare of animals managed by humans in non‐natural contexts. Given the diversity of wild animals and the variable conditions they can experience, extending studies on animal affective states to the natural conditions that most animals experience will allow us to broaden and deepen our general understanding of animal welfare. Yet, this same diversity makes examining animal welfare in the wild highly challenging. There is therefore a need for unifying theoretical frameworks and methodological approaches that can guide researchers keen to engage in this promising research area. The aim of this article is to help advance this important research area by highlighting the central relationship between physiology and animal welfare and rectify its apparent oversight, as revealed by the current scientific literature on wild animals. Moreover, this article emphasises the advantages of including physiological markers to assess animal welfare in the wild (e.g. objectivity, comparability, condition range, temporality), as well as their concomitant limitations (e.g. only access to peripheral physiological markers with complex relationships with affective states). Best‐practice recommendations (e.g. replication and multifactorial approaches) are also provided to allow physiological markers to be used most effectively and appropriately when assessing the welfare of animals in their natural habitat. This review seeks to provide the foundation for a new and distinct research area with a vast theoretical and applied potential: wild animal welfare physiology.
Visual Form and Event Semantics Predict Transitivity in Silent Gestures: Evidence for Compositionality
Authors: Bradley Chuck , Wilbur Ronnie
Published: August 2023

Silent gesture is not considered to be linguistic, on par with spoken and sign languages. It is claimed that silent gestures, unlike language, represent events holistically, without compositional structure. However, recent research has demonstrated that gesturers use consistent strategies when representing objects and events, and that there are behavioral and clinically relevant limits on what form a gesture may take to effect a particular meaning. This systematicity challenges a holistic interpretation of silent gesture, which predicts that there should be no stable form‐meaning correspondence across event representations. Here, we demonstrate to the contrary that untrained gesturers systematically manipulate the form of their gestures when representing events with and without a theme (e.g., Someone popped the balloon vs. Someone walked), that is, transitive and intransitive events. We elicited silent gestures and annotated them for manual features active in coding transitivity distinctions in sign languages. We trained linear support vector machines to make item‐by‐item transitivity predictions based on these features. Prediction accuracy was good across the entire dataset, thus demonstrating that systematicity in silent gesture can be explained with recourse to subunits. We argue that handshape features are constructs co‐opted from cognitive systems subserving manual action production and comprehension for communicative purposes, which may integrate into the linguistic system of emerging sign languages. We further suggest that nonsigners tend to map event participants to each hand, a strategy found across genetically and geographically distinct sign languages, suggesting the strategy's cognitive foundation.
The legacy of voluntarism: Charitable funding in the early NHS
Authors: Harris Bernard , Cresswell Rosemary
Published: August 2023

Before 1948, approximately one‐third of the United Kingdom (UK)’s hospital beds were located in voluntary hospitals, many of which continued to benefit from the funds generated by their historic endowments. When the National Health Service (NHS) was created, the vast majority of these hospitals were taken over by the State. This paper examines the neglected question of what happened to these endowments and the role which charity continued to play in the funding of NHS hospitals more generally. It makes an explicit attempt to examine the development of hospital services in each of the UK's constituent nations and shows how the treatment of endowments and the role of charity differed between them. It also highlights the continuing importance of arguments over the ‘boundaries’ between ‘essential’ and ‘non‐essential’ forms of health service expenditure, and between the roles of the statutory and voluntary sectors more generally.
What happens in Vegas stays in Vegas? Firsthand experience and EDGAR search activity in Las Vegas casino hotels
Authors: Flugum Ryan , Lee Choonsik , Souther Matthew E.
Published: August 2023

What role does investors’ firsthand experience have in stock selection, and does this firsthand experience lead to better investment outcomes? Using a unique data set containing the stock research activities of patrons of Las Vegas casino hotels, we find evidence that investors’ firsthand experience motivates interest in Vegas‐related travel industry stocks. Additionally, their interest in these stocks predicts strong performance; Vegas interest leads to positive abnormal returns of up to 3.7% (0.4%) over the following year (month), and abnormal returns are highest in industries that are related to Las Vegas.
Cover crops do not increase soil organic carbon stocks as much as has been claimed: What is the way forward?
Authors: Chaplot Vincent , Smith Pete
Published: August 2023

When compared to virgin land (forest and grassland), croplands store significantly lower amounts of organic carbon (OC), mainly as a result of soil tillage, and decreased plant inputs to the soil over the whole year. Doubts have been expressed over how much reduced and zero tillage agriculture can increase OC in soils when the whole soil profile is considered. Consequently, cover‐crops that are grown in‐between crops instead of leaving soils bare appear as the “last man standing” in our quest to enhance cropland OC stocks. Despite the claim by numerous meta‐analyses of a mean carbon sequestration rate by cover crops to be as high as 0.32 ± 0.08 ton C ha−1  year−1, the present analysis showed that all of the 37 existing field studies worldwide only sampled to a depth of 30 cm or less and did not compare treatments on the basis of equivalent soil mass. Thirteen studies presented information on OC content only and not on OC stocks, had inappropriate controls (n = 14), had durations of 3 years or lower (n = 5), considered only one to two data points per treatment (n = 4), or used cover crops as cash crops (i.e., grown longer that in‐between two crops) instead of catch crops (n = 2), which in all cases constitutes shortcomings. Of the remaining six trials, four showed non‐significant trends, one study displayed a negative impact of cover crops, and one study displayed a positive impact, resulting in a mean OC storage of 0.03 ton ha−1 year−1. Models and policies should urgently adapt to such new figure. Finally, more is to be done not only to improve the design of cover‐crop studies for reaching sound conclusions but also to understand the underlying reasons of the low efficiency of cover crops for improved carbon sequestration into soils, with possible strategies being suggested.
Binge drinking and oral health‐related quality of life in older adults: Socioeconomic position matters
Authors: Oliveira Leandro Machado , Pelissari Thayná Regina , Demarco Flávio Fernando , Zanatta Fabrício Batistin
Published: August 2023

Objective

The objective of the study was to investigate whether the association between binge drinking and oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) differs by socioeconomic position (SEP) in Brazilian older adults.

Background

The adverse health effects of alcohol consumption disproportionately affect socioeconomically disadvantaged and older individuals. Moreover, measures of binge drinking may capture different domains of the association between alcohol misuse and health that might be independent of the traditional markers of volume or frequency of consumption. Evidence of the association between alcohol use and oral health outcomes has failed to consider binge drinking and possible effect modification by SEP.

Methods

We conducted a secondary cross‐sectional analysis using the baseline data from The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Ageing (2015‐2016). Effect Measure Modification analyses using multivariable Poisson regression models tested whether the association between past‐month binge drinking and higher scores of the Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP) questionnaire differed in magnitude by level of household wealth and educational attainment, assessed using Relative Excess Risk due to Interaction (RERI) and simple slope test.

Results

The analytical sample comprised 8857 individuals. Participants who were from low‐wealth households or with lower education and reported past‐month binge drinking had 27% (95% CI: 1.16 to 1.39) and 28% (95% CI: 1.18 to 1.40) higher OIDP scores, respectively, than those not binge drinkers from higher SEP, and super‐additive associations were detected (RERI for household wealth: 0.12; RERI for educational attainment: 0.14).

Conclusion

Binge drinkers from low SEP have poorer OHRQoL. Public oral health initiatives aiming to combat binge drinking are likely to disproportionately benefit vulnerable groups.
Acquired haemophilia A: A 15‐year population‐based review of incidence rate, patient demographics and treatment outcomes
Authors: Tian Chantal , Perija Brittany , Kotb Rami , Houston Brett L. , Israels Sara J. , Houston Donald S. , Rimmer Emily , Zarychanski Ryan
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Acquired haemophilia A (AHA) is a rare bleeding disorder characterized by autoantibodies against coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). Estimates of AHA incidence are largely based on registry data, which may be prone to referral bias. Population‐based studies can enhance our understanding of the epidemiology, presentation and outcomes of AHA.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective, population‐based cohort study of all AHA diagnosed and treated in Manitoba, Canada over a 15‐year period. Using records from the sole provincial reference laboratory, we identified all patients with FVIII inhibitors who did not have congenital haemophilia.  Using a piloted case report form, patient data was ascertained from hospital and bleeding disorder clinic records.

Results

From 2006 to 2021, we identified 34 patients with AHA, corresponding to a population‐based incidence rate of AHA of 1.78 cases per million per year. The median age at presentation was 76 years and most cases were idiopathic (79%). Almost all patients (97%) presented with bleeding, of which 58% were considered major bleeds and required haemostatic agents in 67%. Longstanding unexplained bleeding symptoms were commonly reported, suggesting delayed diagnosis. Immunosuppressive therapy (IST) was administered in 88% of patients. Remission was achieved in 79% of patients; median time to remission was 2.1 months. There were two deaths due to bleeding. No deaths due to IST were reported.

Conclusion

The population‐based incidence of AHA in Manitoba is 1.78 cases/million/year. Bleeding is common and can be life‐threatening. AHA outcomes are encouraging with the use of haemostatic agents and IST. Serious treatment‐associated morbidity and mortality is uncommon.
Age‐specific incidence of joint disease in paediatric patients with haemophilia: A single‐centre real‐world outcome based on consecutive US examination
Authors: Mizoguchi Yoko , Tani Chihiro , Aizawa Mika , Tomioka Keita , Shimomura Maiko , Nishimura Shiho , Matsubara Yoshiko , Iwaki Daisuke , Tanaka Kiyoto , Kawaguchi Hiroshi , Nakashima Yuko , Mikami Yukio , Okada Satoshi , Kobayashi Masao
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Joint health is one of the most important factors contributing to a healthy life in patients with haemophilia. Recent study revealed that starting early prophylaxis was not enough to prevent joint disease in most paediatric patients with haemophilia.

Aim

In this study, we aimed to determine the age‐specific incidence of acute joint disease during childhood at single haemophilia treatment centre (HTC).

Method

The joint health in 48 patients was evaluated based on consecutive US testing for 5 years at annual multidisciplinary comprehensive care.

Results

During the study period, 23 patients (47.9%) had no joint disease since the initial examination, whereas 13 patients (27.0%) showed development from negative to positive findings. The incidence of joint disease increased with age: 0% in preschool, 5.3% in elementary school, 14.3% in junior high school and 35% beyond high school age. Among the 13 patients who developed joint disease, two experienced acquired synovitis that resolved during the follow‐up period. Statistical analysis revealed that the patients who routinely underwent follow‐up by the HTC exhibited a significantly lower incidence of joint disease than did those followed up at other institutions (p < .001).

Conclusion

These results indicated that close check‐up, including routine joint examination using US as well as frequent assessment of pharmacokinetic profile at the HTC, might play an important role in avoiding joint disease among paediatric patients with haemophilia.
The effect of oil pulling in comparison with chlorhexidine and other mouthwash interventions in promoting oral health: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jong Freda Jia Xin , Ooi Der Jiun , Teoh Siew Li
Published: August 2023

Objectives

A meta‐analytic review was performed to critically synthesize the evidence of oil pulling on improving the parameters of gingival health, plaque control and bacteria counts against chlorhexidine and other mouthwash or oral hygiene practices.

Methods

Databases including Medline, Embase and bibliographies were searched from inception to 1 April 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 7 days or longer duration of oil pulling with edible oils in comparison to chlorhexidine or other mouthwashes or oral hygiene practice concerning the parameters of plaque index scores (PI), gingival index scores (GI), modified gingival index scores (MGI) and bacteria counts were included. Cochrane's Risk of Bias (ROB) tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework were employed to determine the quality of evidence. Two authors independently conducted study selection and data extraction. Meta‐analyses of the effect of oil pulling on the parameters were conducted using an inverse‐variance random‐effects model.

Results

Twenty‐five trials involving 1184 participants were included. Twenty‐one trials comparing oil pulling (n = 535) to chlorhexidine (n = 286) and non‐chlorhexidine intervention (n = 205) were pooled for meta‐analysis. More than half of the trials (n = 17) involved participants with no reported oral health issues. The duration of intervention ranged from 7 to 45 days, with half of the trials using sesame oil. When compared to non‐chlorhexidine mouthwash interventions, oil pulling clinically and significantly improved MGI scores (Standardized mean difference, SMD = −1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.31, −0.97). Chlorhexidine was more effective in reducing the PI scores compared to oil pulling, with an SMD of 0.33 (95% CI: 0.17, 0.49). The overall quality of the body of evidence was very low.

Conclusions

There was a probable benefit of oil pulling in improving gingival health. Chlorhexidine remained superior in reducing the amount of plaque, compared to oil pulling. However, there was very low certainty in the evidence albeit the clinically beneficial effect of oil pulling intervention.
Passing the Torch: Exploring how Tradition and Innovation Influence Coopetition among Street Performers
Authors: Mathias Blake D. , Solomon Shelby J. , Hutto Haley
Published: August 2023

Understanding how and why firms concurrently compete and cooperate with each other represents an important and growing area of study. This research centres on how firms engage in coopetition. However, this does not account for how much of the modern world works – independently. Through an inductive field study of 80 New Orleans street performers, we explore how and why independent creative workers engage in competition and/or cooperation. In so doing, we advance theory on coopetition by extending its explanations to the individual level. We theorize the well‐established nature of creative industries encourages the belief in the need for deviating from the status quo by engaging in creativity and innovation, which we refer to as a trailblazing mindset. At the same time, we find that the accumulation of a long history of creative practices also fosters traditions. We theorize that tradition encourages the belief in the need to act as vested actors, or custodians, by passing work traditions from one generation to the next to allow the tradition to endure, which we refer to as the torchbearing mindset. Thus, torchbearing fosters cooperation while trailblazing fosters competition.
Protracted COVID‐19 pneumonitis early post‐ABO incompatible kidney transplantation: Management considerations and the role of whole genome sequencing
Authors: Stoler Sara , van Hal Sebastiaan J. , Chadban Steve , Le Thomas , Torzillo Paul , Scarlato Rose‐Marie , Wyburn Kate , Perkins Griffith B. , Marinelli Tina
Published: August 2023

We present the case of a recent ABO incompatible kidney transplant recipient with persistent SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and pneumonitis. Serial whole genome sequencing confirmed intra‐host viral evolution, which was used as a surrogate to confirm active viral replication and support re‐treatment with antivirals, late in the course of infection. A prolonged course of remdesivir combined with immunosuppression modulation resulted in successful clearance of virus and clinical improvement. The diagnostic process undertaken in this case provides a useful guide for other clinicians when approaching similar patients.