bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interplay among Antioxidant System, Hormone Profile and Carbohydrate Metabolism during Bud Dormancy Breaking in a High-Chill Peach Variety
Authors: Hernández José A. , Díaz-Vivancos Pedro , Acosta-Motos José Ramón , Alburquerque Nuria , Martínez Domingo , Carrera Esther , García-Bruntón Jesús , Barba-Espín Gregorio
Published: April 2021

(1) Background: Prunus species have the ability to suspend (induce dormancy) and restart growth, in an intricate process in which environmental and physiological factors interact. (2) Methods: In this work, we studied the evolution of sugars, antioxidant metabolism, and abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GAs) levels during bud dormancy evolution in a high-chill peach variety, grown for two seasons in two different geographical areas with different annual media temperature, a cold (CA) and a temperate area (TA). (3) Results: In both areas, starch content reached a peak at ecodormancy, and then decreased at dormancy release (DR). Sorbitol and sucrose declined at DR, mainly in the CA. In contrast, glucose and fructose levels progressively rose until DR. A decline in ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities occurred in both seasons at DR. Moreover, the H2O2-sensitive SOD isoenzymes, Fe-SOD and Cu,Zn-SOD, and two novel peroxidase isoenzymes, were detected. Overall, these results suggest the occurrence of a controlled oxidative stress during DR. GA7 was the major bioactive GA in both areas, the evolution of its levels being different between seasons and areas. In contrast, ABA content decreased during the dormancy period in both areas, resulting in a reduction in the ABA/total GAs ratio, being more evident in the CA. (4) Conclusion: A possible interaction sugars-hormones-ROS could take place in high-chill peach buds, favoring the DR process, suggesting that, in addition to sugar metabolism, redox interactions can govern bud DR, regardless of chilling requirements.
Low Doses of Resveratrol Protect Human Granulosa Cells from Induced-Oxidative Stress
Authors: Moreira-Pinto Beatriz , Costa Lia , Felgueira Eduarda , Fonseca Bruno M. , Rebelo Irene
Published: April 2021

Resveratrol is a phytoalexin present in plant-derived foods, including grape’s skin, cocoa, and peanuts. Evidence suggests that it has beneficial effects on human health because of its antioxidant properties. However, there is limited knowledge about the part played by resveratrol in ovarian function. In this paper, the influence of resveratrol on granulosa cells (GC) was evaluated. In addition to being the main estradiol producers, GC are in direct contact with the oocyte, playing a fundamental role in its growth and development. The cell line COV434 and human granulosa cells (hGC), obtained from women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART), were used. GC were treated with resveratrol (0.001–20 μM) at different times (24–72 h). Low concentrations of this compound suggest a protective role, as they tend to reduce ROS/RNS formation after inducement of stress. On the contrary, high concentrations of resveratrol affect GC viability and steroidogenic function. As it may act as a direct modulator of GC oxidative balance, this work may help to clarify the impact of resveratrol on GC and the usefulness of this antioxidant as adjunct to infertility treatments.
The Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Function of Myeloperoxidase (MPO) in Inflammatory Communication
Authors: Kargapolova Yulia , Geißen Simon , Zheng Ruiyuan , Baldus Stephan , Winkels Holger , Adam Matti
Published: April 2021

Myeloperoxidase is a signature enzyme of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in mice and humans. Being a component of circulating white blood cells, myeloperoxidase plays multiple roles in various organs and tissues and facilitates their crosstalk. Here, we describe the current knowledge on the tissue- and lineage-specific expression of myeloperoxidase, its well-studied enzymatic activity and incoherently understood non-enzymatic role in various cell types and tissues. Further, we elaborate on Myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the complex context of cardiovascular disease, innate and autoimmune response, development and progression of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
3D Acoustic Mapping in Automotive Wind Tunnel: Algorithm and Problem Analysis on Simulated Data
Authors: Battista Gianmarco , Chiariotti Paolo , Martarelli Milena , Castellini Paolo , Colangeli Claudio , Janssens Karl
Published: April 2021

Localization and quantification of noise sources are important to fulfill customer and regulation requirements in a such competitive sector like automotive manufacturing. Wind tunnel testing and acoustic mapping techniques based on microphone arrays can provide accurate information on these aspects. However, it is not straightforward to get source positions and strengths in these testing conditions. In fact, the car is a 3D object that radiates noise from different parts simultaneously, involving different noise generation mechanisms such as tire noise and aerodynamic noise. Commonly, acoustic maps are produced on a 3D surface that envelopes the objects. However, this practice produces misleading and/or incomplete results, as acoustic sources can be generated outside the surface. When the hypothesis of sources on the model surface is removed, additional issues arise. In this paper, we propose exploiting an inverse method tailored to a volumetric approach. The aim of this paper is to investigate the issues to face when the method is applied to automotive wind tunnel testing. Two different kinds of problem must be considered: On the one hand, the results of inverse methods are strongly influenced by the problem definition, while, on the other hand, experimental conditions must be taken into account to get accurate results. These aspects have been studied making use of simulated experiments. Such a controlled simulation environment, by contrast to a purely experimental case, enables accurate assessment of both the localization and quantification performance of the proposed method. Finally, a set of scores is defined to evaluate the resulting maps with objective metrics.
A Simplified Analysis Method for the Deformation Response of an Existing Tunnel to Ground Surcharge Based on the Pasternak Model
Authors: Wei Zheng , Jiang Yusheng
Published: April 2021

Surface surcharge changes the existing equilibrium stress field of the stratum and adversely affects the existing tunnel. This paper presents a simplified analytical solution for calculating the longitudinal displacement of existing tunnels that are subjected to adjacent surcharge loading. Based on the Boussinesq solution, the distribution of the additional load matrix caused by the surface surcharge on the existing tunnel was obtained. A Euler–Bernoulli beam with a Pasternak foundation was used as a simplified model for tunnel stress analysis. Using the corrected reaction coefficient of the foundation bed, the differential equation of tunnel deformation was established, and the solution matrix of the longitudinal displacement of the tunnel was obtained by using the finite difference method. The reliability and applicability of the proposed method were verified by comparing the results with finite element simulation results, field test data, and the calculation results of three simplified elastic analysis methods with different foundation bed coefficients. On this basis, the parameters of the load–tunnel model were analyzed, and the effects of the buried depth, the size of the load, the relative positions of the load and the tunnel, and the relative stiffness of the tunnel soil on the maximum displacement of the existing tunnel were calculated. An empirical formula is proposed for calculating the maximum longitudinal displacement of the existing tunnel subjected to surface surcharge. The findings of this research can provide a basis for the theoretical verification of the deformation response of an existing tunnel subjected to adjacent surface surcharge.
Sialic Acid as a Biomarker Studied in Breast Cancer Cell Lines In Vitro Using Fluorescent Molecularly Imprinted Polymers
Authors: El-Schich Zahra , Zhang Yuecheng , Göransson Tommy , Dizeyi Nishtman , Persson Jenny L. , Johansson Emil , Caraballo Remi , Elofsson Mikael , Shinde Sudhirkumar , Sellergren Börje , Wingren Anette Gjörloff
Published: April 2021

Sialylations are post-translational modifications of proteins and lipids that play important roles in many cellular events, including cell-cell interactions, proliferation, and migration. Tumor cells express high levels of sialic acid (SA), which are often associated with the increased invasive potential in clinical tumors, correlating with poor prognosis. To overcome the lack of natural SA-receptors, such as antibodies and lectins with high enough specificity and sensitivity, we have used molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), or “plastic antibodies”, as nanoprobes. Because high expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) in primary tumors is often associated with proliferation and a more aggressive phenotype, the expression of EpCAM and CD44 was initially analyzed. The SA-MIPs were used for the detection of SA on the cell surface of breast cancer cells. Lectins that specifically bind to the a-2,3 SA and a-2,6 SA variants were used for analysis of SA expression, with both flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Here we show a correlation of EpCAM and SA expression when using the SA-MIPs for detection of SA. We also demonstrate the binding pattern of the SA-MIPs on the breast cancer cell lines using confocal microscopy. Pre-incubation of the SA-MIPs with SA-derivatives as inhibitors could reduce the binding of the SA-MIPs to the tumor cells, indicating the specificity of the SA-MIPs. In conclusion, the SA-MIPs may be a new powerful tool in the diagnostic analysis of breast cancer cells.
Nucleoredoxin Downregulation Reduces β-Catenin Levels and Shifts Hematopoietic Differentiation towards Myeloid Lineage In Vitro
Authors: Pérez-Fernández Alejandro , López-Ruano Guillermo , Prieto-Bermejo Rodrigo , Sánchez-Bernal Carmen , Sánchez-Yagüe Jesús , Hernández-Hernández Ángel
Published: April 2021

The importance of dissecting signaling pathways governing cell differentiation is based on their relevance not only for understanding basic biological phenomena but also for better comprehending the underlying mechanisms of pathologic alterations such as cancer. A paradigm of cell differentiation processes is hematopoiesis, where a single stem cell gives rise to multiple, fully differentiated, cell lineages. Nucleoredoxin (Nrx), a member of the thioredoxin family, is an important redox-sensitive modulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, a key pathway for the control of hematopoiesis. In this work, the relevance of Nrx for the differentiation of mouse hematopoietic progenitor cells has been analyzed in vitro. Nrx silencing leads to a dramatic reduction in the size of the Lin− and LSK progenitor populations. Moreover, there is also a remarkable decrease in CD3+ cells and an enhancement in the percentage of CD11b+Gr1− myeloid cells. This myeloid bias would agree with the inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Interestingly, a reduction in β-catenin at the protein level was observed upon Nrx silencing. Our results strongly support the importance of Nrx for hematopoietic differentiation, which could be mediated by the regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
De Novo Drug Design Using Artificial Intelligence Applied on SARS-CoV-2 Viral Proteins ASYNT-GAN
Authors: Jacobs Ivan , Maragoudakis Manolis
Published: April 2021

Computer-assisted de novo design of natural product mimetics offers a viable strategy to reduce synthetic efforts and obtain natural-product-inspired bioactive small molecules, but suffers from several limitations. Deep learning techniques can help address these shortcomings. We propose the generation of synthetic molecule structures that optimizes the binding affinity to a target. To achieve this, we leverage important advancements in deep learning. Our approach generalizes to systems beyond the source system and achieves the generation of complete structures that optimize the binding to a target unseen during training. Translating the input sub-systems into the latent space permits the ability to search for similar structures, and the sampling from the latent space for generation.
Ameliorated Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties by Trichoderma harzianum Mediated Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Konappa Narasimhamurthy , Udayashankar Arakere C. , Dhamodaran Nirmaladevi , Krishnamurthy Soumya , Jagannath Shubha , Uzma Fazilath , Pradeep Chamanahalli Kyathegowda , De Britto Savitha , Chowdappa Srinivas , Jogaiah Sudisha
Published: April 2021

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using beneficial Trichoderma harzianum is a simple, eco-friendly and cost-effective route. Secondary metabolites secreted by T. harzianum act as capping and reducing agents that can offer constancy and can contribute to biological activity. The present study aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles using T. harzianum cell filtrate and investigate different bioactive metabolites based on LC-MS/MS analysis. The synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from T. harzianum were characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface plasmon resonance of synthesized particles formed a peak centered near 438 nm. The DLS study determined the average size of AgNPs to be 21.49 nm. The average size of AgNPs was measured to be 72 nm by SEM. The cubic crystal structure from XRD analysis confirmed the synthesized particles as silver nanoparticles. The AgNPs exhibited remarkable antioxidant properties, as determined by DPPH and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The AgNPs also exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against two Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus and B. subtilis) and two Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and R. solanacearum). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AgNPs towards bacterial growth was evaluated. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs was further confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and SEM analysis.
Targeting Protein Kinase C in Glioblastoma Treatment
Authors: Geribaldi-Doldán Noelia , Hervás-Corpión Irati , Gómez-Oliva Ricardo , Domínguez-García Samuel , Ruiz Félix A. , Iglesias-Lozano Irene , Carrascal Livia , Pardillo-Díaz Ricardo , Gil-Salú José L. , Nunez-Abades Pedro , Valor Luis M. , Castro Carmen
Published: April 2021

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive primary brain tumor and is associated with a poor prognosis. Despite the use of combined treatment approaches, recurrence is almost inevitable and survival longer than 14 or 15 months after diagnosis is low. It is therefore necessary to identify new therapeutic targets to fight GBM progression and recurrence. Some publications have pointed out the role of glioma stem cells (GSCs) as the origin of GBM. These cells, with characteristics of neural stem cells (NSC) present in physiological neurogenic niches, have been proposed as being responsible for the high resistance of GBM to current treatments such as temozolomide (TMZ). The protein Kinase C (PKC) family members play an essential role in transducing signals related with cell cycle entrance, differentiation and apoptosis in NSC and participate in distinct signaling cascades that determine NSC and GSC dynamics. Thus, PKC could be a suitable druggable target to treat recurrent GBM. Clinical trials have tested the efficacy of PKCβ inhibitors, and preclinical studies have focused on other PKC isozymes. Here, we discuss the idea that other PKC isozymes may also be involved in GBM progression and that the development of a new generation of effective drugs should consider the balance between the activation of different PKC subtypes.
The Potential Role of Dopamine in Mediating Motor Function and Interpersonal Synchrony
Authors: Gvirts Probolovski Hila Z. , Dahan Anat
Published: April 2021

Motor functions in general and motor planning in particular are crucial for our ability to synchronize our movements with those of others. To date, these co-occurring functions have been studied separately, and as yet it is unclear whether they share a common biological mechanism. Here, we synthesize disparate recent findings on motor functioning and interpersonal synchrony and propose that these two functions share a common neurobiological mechanism and adhere to the same principles of predictive coding. Critically, we describe the pivotal role of the dopaminergic system in modulating these two distinct functions. We present attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as an example of a disorder that involves the dopaminergic system and describe deficits in motor and interpersonal synchrony. Finally, we suggest possible directions for future studies emphasizing the role of dopamine modulation as a link between social and motor functioning.
New Insights of the NEET Protein CISD2 Reveals Distinct Features Compared to Its Close Mitochondrial Homolog mitoNEET
Authors: Salameh Myriam , Riquier Sylvie , Guittet Olivier , Huang Meng-Er , Vernis Laurence , Lepoivre Michel , Golinelli-Cohen Marie-Pierre
Published: April 2021

Human CISD2 and mitoNEET are two NEET proteins anchored in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria membranes respectively, with an Fe–S containing domain stretching out in the cytosol. Their cytosolic domains are close in sequence and structure. In the present study, combining cellular and biochemical approaches, we compared both proteins in order to possibly identify specific roles and mechanisms of action in the cell. We show that both proteins exhibit a high intrinsic stability and a sensitivity of their cluster to oxygen. In contrast, they differ in according to expression profiles in tissues and intracellular half-life. The stability of their Fe–S cluster and its ability to be transferred in vitro are affected differently by pH variations in a physiological and pathological range for cytosolic pH. Finally, we question a possible role for CISD2 in cellular Fe–S cluster trafficking. In conclusion, our work highlights unexpected major differences in the cellular and biochemical features between these two structurally close NEET proteins.
Biomarkers Associated with Regorafenib First-Line Treatment Benefits in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients: REFRAME Molecular Study
Authors: Conde Elisa , Earl Julie , Crespo-Toro Lorena , Blanco-Agudo Carolina , Ramos-Muñoz Edurne , Rodríguez-Serrano E. Macarena , Martínez Ávila Jose Carlos , Salinas-Muñoz Laura , Serrano-Huertas Silvia , Ferreiro Reyes , Rodriguez-Garrote Mercedes , Sainz Bruno , Massuti Bartomeu , Alfonso Pilar García , Benavides Manuel , Aranda Enrique , García-Bermejo María Laura , Carrato Alfredo
Published: April 2021

First-line treatment with regorafenib in frail metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients has shown some benefit. To accurately identify such patients before treatment, we studied blood biomarkers and primary tumor molecules. We unveiled serum microRNAs (miRNAs), single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in angiogenic-related genes, and Notch 1 expression as biomarkers associated with response or toxicity. MicroRNA array profiling and genotyping of selected SNPs were performed in the blood of fragile mCRC patients treated with regorafenib. Notch 1 and CRC-associated miRNA expression was also analyzed in tumors. High levels of miR-185-5p in serum, rs7993418 in the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1) gene, and Notch 1 expression in biopsies were associated with a favorable response to treatment. Serum levels of miR-126-3p and miR-152-3p and tumor expression of miR-92a-1-5p were associated with treatment toxicity, particularly interesting in patients exhibiting comorbidities, and high levels of miR-362-3p were associated with asthenia. Additionally, several miRNAs were associated with the presence of metastasis, local recurrence, and peritoneal metastasis. Besides, miRNAs determined in primary tumors were associated with tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging. The rs2305948 and rs699947 SNPs in VEGFR2 and VEGFA, respectively, were markers of poor prognosis correlating with locoregional relapse, a higher N stage, and metastatic shedding. In conclusion, VEGF and VEGFR SNPs, miRNAs, and Notch 1 levels are potential useful biomarkers for the management of advanced CRC under regorafenib treatment.
The Role of MicroRNAs in Lung Cancer Metabolism
Authors: Azizi Mohamed Iman Hidayat Nor , Othman Iekhsan , Naidu Rakesh
Published: April 2021

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short-strand non-coding RNAs that are responsible for post-transcriptional regulation of many biological processes. Their differential expression is important in supporting tumorigenesis by causing dysregulation in normal biological functions including cell proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis and invasion and cellular metabolism. Cellular metabolic processes are a tightly regulated mechanism. However, cancer cells have adapted features to circumvent these regulations, recognizing metabolic reprogramming as an important hallmark of cancer. The miRNA expression profile may differ between localized lung cancers, advanced lung cancers and solid tumors, which lead to a varying extent of metabolic deregulation. Emerging evidence has shown the relationship between the differential expression of miRNAs with lung cancer metabolic reprogramming in perpetuating tumorigenesis. This review provides an insight into the role of different miRNAs in lung cancer metabolic reprogramming by targeting key enzymes, transporter proteins or regulatory components alongside metabolic signaling pathways. These discussions would allow a deeper understanding of the importance of miRNAs in tumor progression therefore providing new avenues for diagnostic, therapeutic and disease management applications.
Unveiling Cancer Metabolism through Spontaneous and Coherent Raman Spectroscopy and Stable Isotope Probing
Authors: Xu Jiabao , Yu Tong , Zois Christos E. , Cheng Ji-Xin , Tang Yuguo , Harris Adrian L. , Huang Wei E.
Published: April 2021

Metabolic reprogramming is a common hallmark in cancer. The high complexity and heterogeneity in cancer render it challenging for scientists to study cancer metabolism. Despite the recent advances in single-cell metabolomics based on mass spectrometry, the analysis of metabolites is still a destructive process, thus limiting in vivo investigations. Being label-free and nonperturbative, Raman spectroscopy offers intrinsic information for elucidating active biochemical processes at subcellular level. This review summarizes recent applications of Raman-based techniques, including spontaneous Raman spectroscopy and imaging, coherent Raman imaging, and Raman-stable isotope probing, in contribution to the molecular understanding of the complex biological processes in the disease. In addition, this review discusses possible future directions of Raman-based technologies in cancer research.
Integrative RNA-Seq and H3 Trimethylation ChIP-Seq Analysis of Human Lung Cancer Cells Isolated by Laser-Microdissection
Authors: Ong Quang , Sakashita Shingo , Hanawa Emi , Kaneko Naomi , Noguchi Masayuki , Muratani Masafumi
Published: April 2021

Our previous integrative study in gastric cancer discovered cryptic promoter activation events that drive the expression of important developmental genes. However, it was unclear if such cancer-associated epigenetic changes occurred in cancer cells or other cell types in bulk tissue samples. An integrative analysis consisting of RNA-Seq and H3K4me3 ChIP-Seq was used. This workflow was applied to a set of matched normal lung tissues and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues, for which the stroma and tumor cell parts could be isolated by laser-microdissection microscopy (LMD). RNA-Seq analysis showed subtype-specific differential expressed genes and enriched pathways in NSCLC. ChIP-Seq analysis results suggested that the proximal altered H3K4me3 regions were located at differentially expressed genes involved in cancer-related pathways, while altered distal H3K4me3 regions were annotated with enhancer activity of cancer regulatory genes. Interestingly, integration with ENCODE data revealed that proximal tumor-gained promoters were associated with EZH2 and SUZ12 occupancies, which are the core components of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). This study used LMD on clinical samples for an integrative analysis to overcome the tissue heterogeneity problem in cancer research. The results also contribute to the overall understanding of genetic and epigenetic dysregulation of lung malignancy.
Specific Compositions of Cannabis sativa Compounds Have Cytotoxic Activity and Inhibit Motility and Colony Formation of Human Glioblastoma Cells In Vitro
Authors: Peeri Hadar , Shalev Nurit , Vinayaka Ajjampura C. , Nizar Rephael , Kazimirsky Gila , Namdar Dvora , Anil Seegehalli M. , Belausov Eduard , Brodie Chaya , Koltai Hinanit
Published: April 2021

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal subtype of glioma. Cannabis sativa is used for the treatment of various medical conditions. Around 150 phytocannabinoids have been identified in C. sativa, among them Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) that trigger GBM cell death. However, the optimal combinations of cannabis molecules for anti-GBM activity are unknown. Chemical composition was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Cytotoxic activity was determined by XTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays and apoptosis and cell cycle by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). F-actin structures were observed by confocal microscopy, gene expression by quantitative PCR, and cell migration and invasion by scratch and transwell assays, respectively. Fractions of a high-THC cannabis strain extract had significant cytotoxic activity against GBM cell lines and glioma stem cells derived from tumor specimens. A standard mix (SM) of the active fractions F4 and F5 induced apoptosis and expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress associated-genes. F4 and F5 inhibited cell migration and invasion, altered cell cytoskeletons, and inhibited colony formation in 2 and 3-dimensional models. Combinations of cannabis compounds exert cytotoxic, anti-proliferative, and anti-migratory effects and should be examined for efficacy on GBM in pre-clinical studies and clinical trials.
Improved Recovery from Liver Fibrosis by Crenolanib
Authors: Reichert Doreen , Adolph Louisa , Köhler Jan Philipp , Buschmann Tobias , Luedde Tom , Häussinger Dieter , Kordes Claus
Published: April 2021

Chronic liver diseases are associated with excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. This so-called fibrosis can progress to cirrhosis and impair vital functions of the liver. We examined whether the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) class III inhibitor Crenolanib affects the behavior of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) involved in fibrogenesis. Rats were treated with thioacetamide (TAA) for 18 weeks to trigger fibrosis. After TAA treatment, the animals received Crenolanib for two weeks, which significantly improved recovery from liver fibrosis. Because Crenolanib predominantly inhibits the RTK platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β, impaired HSC proliferation might be responsible for this beneficial effect. Interestingly, blocking of RTK signaling by Crenolanib not only hindered HSC proliferation but also triggered their specification into hepatic endoderm. Endodermal specification was mediated by p38 mitogen-activated kinase (p38 MAPK) and c-Jun-activated kinase (JNK) signaling; however, this process remained incomplete, and the HSC accumulated lipids. JNK activation was induced by stress response-associated inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (IRE1α) in response to Crenolanib treatment, whereas β-catenin-dependent WNT signaling was able to counteract this process. In conclusion, the Crenolanib-mediated inhibition of RTK impeded HSC proliferation and triggered stress responses, initiating developmental processes in HSC that might have contributed to improved recovery from liver fibrosis in TAA-treated rats.
Hard of Hearing Adults’ Interpersonal Interactions and Relationships in Daily Life
Authors: Olsson Sylvia , Dag Munir , Kullberg Christian
Published: April 2021

Globally, there is limited research on how deaf and hard of hearing adults experience higher education and work. The purpose of the present study is to examine hard of hearing (HH) adults’ experiences of social interactions and social relationships in higher education, the workplace and leisure time. Data were obtained from semistructured interviews with 16 individuals (aged 24–31 years) from diverse cultural backgrounds (10 males and 6 females) with severe-to-profound hearing loss. Participants were selected based on previous expressed interest in participating in further studies after having been involved in an earlier study. The interviews were subjected to a qualitative thematic data analysis. According to the results, people with a hearing loss experience communication barrier in higher education, at work and in leisure time. These communication barriers lead to difficulties achieving social inclusion, and in some circumstances to social exclusion. Assistive technology (AT) and information and communication technologies (ICT) were important facilitators of moving from social exclusion towards social inclusion.
Electrodiffusion Phenomena in Neuroscience and the Nernst–Planck–Poisson Equations
Authors: Jasielec Jerzy J.
Published: April 2021

This work is aimed to give an electrochemical insight into the ionic transport phenomena in the cellular environment of organized brain tissue. The Nernst–Planck–Poisson (NPP) model is presented, and its applications in the description of electrodiffusion phenomena relevant in nanoscale neurophysiology are reviewed. These phenomena include: the signal propagation in neurons, the liquid junction potential in extracellular space, electrochemical transport in ion channels, the electrical potential distortions invisible to patch-clamp technique, and calcium transport through mitochondrial membrane. The limitations, as well as the extensions of the NPP model that allow us to overcome these limitations, are also discussed.
Applications of Direct-Current Current–Voltage Method to Total Ionizing Dose Radiation Characterization in SOI NMOSFETs with Different Process Conditions
Authors: Li Yangyang , Zeng Chuanbin , Li Xiaojing , Gao Linchun , Yan Weiwei , Li Duoli , Zhang Yi , Han Zhengsheng , Luo Jiajun
Published: April 2021

As a promising candidate in space radiation hardened applications, silicon-on-insulator (SOI) devices face the severe problem of total ionizing dose (TID) radiation because of the thick buried oxide (BOX) layer. The direct-current current–voltage (DCIV) method was applied for studying TID radiation of SOI metal–oxide–semiconductor field–effect transistors (MOSFETs) with different manufacture processes. It is found that the peak of high-voltage well (PX) devices shows a larger left-shift and a slower multitude increase along with radiation dose, compared with that of low-voltage well (PV) devices. It is illustrated that the high P-type impurity concentration near back interface makes it more difficult to break up silicon hydrogen bonds, which gives the PX devices superiority in resisting the build-up of interface traps. The study results indicate that increasing doping concentration of the body region near the back-gate interface might be an alternative radiation hardening technique of SOI MOSFET devices to avoid the parasitic back transistors’ leakage.
A Data Mining and Analysis Platform for Investment Recommendations
Authors: Hernández-Nieves Elena , Parra-Domínguez Javier , Chamoso Pablo , Rodríguez-González Sara , Corchado Juan M.
Published: April 2021

This article describes the development of a recommender system to obtain buy/sell signals from the results of technical analyses and of forecasts performed for companies operating in the Spanish continuous market. It has a modular design to facilitate the scalability of the model and the improvement of functionalities. The modules are: analysis and data mining, the forecasting system, the technical analysis module, the recommender system, and the visualization platform. The specification of each module is presented, as well as the dependencies and communication between them. Moreover, the proposal includes a visualization platform for high-level interaction between the user and the recommender system. This platform presents the conclusions that were abstracted from the resulting values.
The Analysis of SEU in Nanowire FETs and Nanosheet FETs
Authors: Kim Yunjae , Kang Myounggon
Published: April 2021

The effects of the single-event upset (SEU) generated by radiation on nanowire field-effect transistors (NW-FETs) and nanosheet (NS)-FETs were analyzed according to the incident angle and location of radiation, by using three-dimensional technology computer-aided design tools. The greatest SEU occurred when the particle was incident at 90°, whereas the least occurred at 15°. SEU was significantly affected when the particle was incident on the drain, as compared to when it was incident on the source. The NS-FETs were robust to SEU, unlike the NW-FETs. This phenomenon can be attributed to the difference in the area exposed to radiation, even if the channel widths of these devices were identical.
Characterization Procedure for Stand-Alone Merging Units Based on Hardware-in-the-Loop Technology
Authors: Mingotti Alessandro , Costa Federica , Peretto Lorenzo , Tinarelli Roberto
Published: April 2021

The digitalization of a medium voltage network requires huge efforts from distributed system operators and electric utilities. The main reason is attributed to the costs associated with the replacement or introduction of new intelligent electronic devices capable of collecting and digitalizing current and voltage measurements. To this purpose, this paper introduces a new idea of a stand-alone merging unit (SAMU), which features real-time and hardware-in-the-loop technology, completed with accurate voltage and current sensors. Furthermore, the characterization procedure that allows an evaluation of the metrological performance of a complex device, such as a SAMU, is fully described. From the results, it is highlighted that (i) the developed SAMU is capable of performing highly accurate voltage, current, and power measurements; (ii) the characterization procedure is simple and exploitable for all kinds of SAMUs and other synchronized measurement devices.
Model Predictive Control with Adaptive Building Model for Heating Using the Hybrid Air-Conditioning System in a Railway Station
Authors: Lv Ruixin , Yuan Zhongyuan , Lei Bo , Zheng Jiacheng , Luo Xiujing
Published: April 2021

A model predictive control (MPC) system with an adaptive building model based on thermal-electrical analogy for the hybrid air conditioning system using the radiant floor and all-air system for heating is proposed in this paper to solve the heating supply control difficulties of the railway station on Tibetan Plateau. The MPC controller applies an off-line method of updating the building model to improve the accuracy of predicting indoor conditions. The control performance of the adaptive MPC is compared with the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control, as well as an MPC without adaptive model through simulation constructed based on a TRNSYS-MATLAB co-simulation testbed. The results show that the implementation of the adaptive MPC can improve indoor thermal comfort and reduce 22.2% energy consumption compared to the PID control. Compared to the MPC without adaptive model, the adaptive MPC achieves fewer violations of constraints and reduces energy consumption by 11.5% through periodic model updating. This study focuses on the design of a control system to maintain indoor thermal comfort and improve system efficiency. The proposed method could also be applied in other public buildings.
Thermodynamic Study of Energy Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Emission in Ironmaking Process of the Reduction of Iron Oxides by Carbon
Authors: Sun Guanyong , Li Bin , Guo Hanjie , Yang Wensheng , Li Shaoying , Guo Jing
Published: April 2021

Carbon included in coke and coal was used as a reduction agent and fuel in blast furnace (BF) ironmaking processes, which released large quantities of carbon dioxide (CO2). Minimizing the carbon consumption and CO2 output has always the goal of ironmaking research. In this paper, the reduction reactions of iron oxides by carbon, the gasification reaction of carbon by CO2, and the coupling reactions were studied by thermodynamic functions, which were derived from isobaric specific heat capacity. The reaction enthalpy at 298 K could not represent the heat value at the other reaction temperature, so the certain temperature should be confirmed by Gibbs frees energy and gas partial pressure. Based on Hess’ law, the energy consumption of the ironmaking process by carbon was calculated in detail. The decrease in the reduction temperature of solid metal iron has been beneficial in reducing the sensible heat required. When the volume ratio of CO to CO2 in the top gas of the furnace was given as 1.1–1.5, the coupling parameters of carbon gasification were 1.06–1.28 for Fe2O3, 0.71–0.85 for Fe3O4, 0.35–0.43 for FeO, respectively. With the increase in the coupling parameters, the volume fraction of CO2 decreased, and energy consumption and CO2 output increased. The minimum energy consumption and CO2 output of liquid iron production were in the reduction reactions with only CO2 generated, which were 9.952 GJ/t and 1265.854 kg/t from Fe2O3, 9.761 GJ/t and 1226.799 kg/t from Fe3O4, 9.007 GJ/t and 1107.368 kg/t from FeO, respectively. Compared with the current energy consumption of 11.65 GJ/t hot metal (HM) and CO2 output of 1650 kg/tHM of BF, the energy consumption and CO2 of ironmaking by carbon could reach lower levels by decreasing the coupled gasification reactions, lowering the temperature needed to generate solid Fe and adjusting the iron oxides to improve the iron content in the raw material. This article provides a simplified calculation method to understand the limit of energy consumption and CO2 output of ironmaking by carbon reduction iron oxides.
Tower Configuration Impacts on the Thermal and Flow Performance of Steel-Truss Natural Draft Dry Cooling System
Authors: Guo Huiqian , Yang Yue , Cheng Tongrui , Zhou Hanyu , Wang Weijia , Du Xiaoze
Published: April 2021

In recent years, the steel-truss natural draft dry cooling technique has received attention owing to its advantages in better aseismic capability, shorter construction period, and preferable recycling. For cooling towers generating the draft force of air flow, its configuration may impact the thermal and flow performance of the steel-truss natural draft dry cooling system. With regard to the issue, this work explored the thermal and flow characteristics for the steel-truss natural draft dry cooling systems with four typical engineering tower configurations. By numerical simulation, the pressure, flow, and temperature contours were analyzed, then air mass flow rates and heat rejections were calculated and compared for the local air-cooled sectors and overall steel-truss natural draft dry cooling systems with those four tower configurations. The results present that tower 2 with the conical/cylindrical configuration had slightly lower heat rejection compared with tower 1 with the traditional hyperbolic configuration. Tower 3 with the hyperbolic/cylindrical configuration showed better thermo-flow performances than tower 1 at high crosswinds, while tower 4 with the completely cylindrical configuration appeared to have much reduced cooling capability under various crosswind conditions, along with strongly deteriorated thermal and flow behaviors. As for engineering application of the steel-truss natural draft dry cooling system, the traditional hyperbolic tower configuration is recommended for local regions with gentle wind, while for those areas with gale wind yearly, the hyperbolic/cylindrical integrated cooling tower is preferred.
Photoemission Studies on the Environmental Stability of Thermal Evaporated MAPbI3 Thin Films and MAPbBr3 Single Crystals
Authors: Wang Ke , Ecker Benjamin , Gao Yongli
Published: April 2021

Hybrid organic inorganic perovskites have been considered as a potential candidate for the next generational solar cell due to their outstanding optoelectronic properties and rapid development in recent years. However, the biggest challenge to prevent them from massive commercial use is their long-term stability. Photoemission spectroscopy has been widely used to investigate properties of the perovskites, which provide critical insights to better understand the degradation mechanisms. In this article, we review mainly our photoemission studies on the degradation processes of perovskite thin films and single crystals with different environmental factors, such as gases, water, and light by monitoring changes of chemical composition and electronic structure. These studies on the effects by different environmental parameters are discussed for the understanding of the stability issues and the possible solutions.
A Multiphysics Analysis of Coupled Electromagnetic-Thermal Phenomena in Cable Lines
Authors: Cywiński Artur , Chwastek Krzysztof
Published: April 2021

The paper is focused on numerical modeling of multi-strand cable lines placed in free air. Modeling is carried out within the framework of the so-called multi-physics approach using commercial software. The paper describes in detail the steps undertaken to develop realistic, reliable numerical models of power engineering cables, taking into account their geometries and heat exchange conditions. The results might be of interest to the designers of multi-strand cable systems.
Young Silver Birch Grows Faster and Allocates Higher Portion of Biomass into Stem Than Norway Spruce, a Case Study from a Post-Disturbance Forest
Authors: Konôpka Bohdan , Pajtík Jozef , Šebeň Vladimír , Surový Peter , Merganičová Katarína
Published: April 2021

The aim of the paper was to compare young silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) growing at the identical site, from the point of contribution of tree components to their aboveground biomass stock, their wood density, radial increment and aboveground biomass production. Our research activities were performed in the High Tatra Mts., which belong to the Tatra National Park (TANAP), Northern Slovakia. Currently, the substantial part of the TANAP territory is covered by post-disturbance young forests which have been growing there since the large-scale windstorm episode in November 2004. Our study combined non-destructive repeated tree measurements performed at two transects in 2016–2020, with destructive tree sampling of twenty 14-year-old individuals for each species. From the gathered data, we derived models estimating standing stock and annual production of aboveground biomass in individual tree components (foliage, branches, stem bark and stem wood), using diameter at breast height (DBH) as a predictor. The results showed contrasting contributions of tree compartments to aboveground biomass stock between birch and spruce. While spruce trees had four times higher contribution of foliage than birches, the reverse situation (1.5-fold difference) was observed for stem over bark biomass. At the same time, birch trees had a 40% greater diameter increment and a 30% denser stem wood than spruce. As for aboveground biomass production, the contribution of the stem as an economically important component was greater in birch than spruce. The results suggest that, in the young growth stage, birch may be advantageous over spruce in both ecological and production properties. Therefore, we believe that strengthening research activities focused on birch ecology and production issues would bring practical recommendations for better utilization of this tree species in forestry and wood-processing industry sectors
Particulate Matter Removal Ability of Ten Evergreen Trees Planted in Korea Urban Greening
Authors: Jin Eon Ju , Yoon Jun Hyuck , Bae Eun Ji , Jeong Byoung Ryong , Yong Seong Hyeon , Choi Myung Suk
Published: April 2021

Broad-leaved evergreen trees create urban forests for mitigation of climate warming and adsorption of particulate matter (PM). This study was performed to identify the species suitable for urban greening by examining the adsorption capacity of the evergreen species in urban areas in Korea, the adsorption points and the elemental composition of PM in the adsorbed tree. Leaf sampling was carried out four times (period of seven months from October 2017 to May 2018) and used after drying (period 28 to 37 days). Particulate matter (PM) was classified and measured according to size PM2.5 (0.2–2.5 μm), PM10 (2.5–10 μm), PM100 (10–100 μm). The total amount of PM adsorbed on the leaf surface was highest in Pinus densiflora (24.6 μg∙cm−2), followed by Quercus salicina (47.4 μg∙cm−2). The composition of PM adsorbed by P. densiflora is 4.0% PM2.5, 39.5% PM10 and 56.5% PM100, while those adsorbed by Q. salicina are evergreen at 25.7% PM2.5, 27.4% PM10 and 46.9% PM100. When the amount of PM adsorbed on the leaf was calculated by LAI, the species that adsorbed PM the most was P. densiflora, followed by Q. salicina, followed by Q. salicina in the wax layer, then P. densiflora. As a result of this study, the amount of PM adsorbed per unit area of leaves, and the amount of PM calculated by LAI, showed a simpler pattern. The hardwoods had a high adsorption rate of PM2.5. The adsorption ratio of ultra-fine PM2.5 by evergreen broad-leaved trees was greater than that of coniferous trees. Therefore, broad-leaved evergreens such as Q. salicina are considered very suitable as species for adsorbing PM in the city. PM2.5 has been shown to be adsorbed through the pores and leaves of trees, indicating that the plant plays an important role in alleviating PM in the atmosphere. As a result of analyzing the elemental components of PM accumulated on leaf leaves by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/ energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) analysis, it was composed of O, C, Si, and N, and was found to be mainly generated by human activities around the road. The results of this study provide basic data regarding the selection of evergreen species that can effectively remove aerial PM. It also highlights the importance of evergreen plants for managing PM pollution during the winter and provides insights into planning additional green infrastructure to improve urban air quality.
Analysis of Promotion Policies for the Valorization of Food Waste from Industrial Sources in Taiwan
Authors: Tsai Wen-Tien , Lin Yu-Quan
Published: April 2021

Growing concern about circular bioeconomy and sustainable development goals (SDGs) for the valorization of food waste has raised public awareness since 2015. Therefore, the present study focused on the promotion policies and regulatory measures for the valorization of mandatory recyclable food waste from industrial sources in Taiwan, including the animal/plant production farms and food-processing plants. According to the official data on the annual statistics during the period of 2015–2019, it showed that the food waste from alcoholic beverage manufacturers (i.e., lees, dregs, or alcohol mash) and oyster farms (i.e., waste oyster shell) accounted for about half (about 250,000 metric ton) of industrial food waste generation in Taiwan. In order to effectively reduce the burdens on incinerators/landfills and their environmental impacts, the central governing agencies jointly promulgated some regulatory measures for promoting the production of biobased products from the industrial food waste valorization like animal feed, soil fertilizer, and bioenergy. These relevant acts include the Waste Management Act, the Fertilizer Management Act, the Feed Management Act, and the Renewable Energy Development Act. In addition, an official plan for building the food waste bioenergy plants at local governments via anaerobic digestion process, which was estimated to be completed by 2024, was addressed as a case study to discuss their environmental and economic benefits.