bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Catalytic Distribution on the Performance of Microreactor for Hydrogen Production through Methane Steam Reforming
Authors: Wang Feng , An Zi Long , Qi Bo , Zhou Jing
Published: November 2010

The effect of catalyst coating distributing on the reactor performance for methane steam reforming(MSR) was numerically investigated. In calculation, the amount catalyst loaded on the microreactor wall was fixed but the catalyst active site density was distributed according to arithmetic progression along the flow direction. Results show that it is possible to get the higher conversion of CH4 and output of H2 due to the higher availability ratio of catalyst surface active sites at this distribution. And this distribution effect is more remarkable at higher space velocity or lower reaction temperature, however, there exists an optimal distribution which can reach the highest CH4 conversion and H2 production at 900K.
The Development of High Efficient CNC Gantry Belt Grinder for Trimming Edge in Kitchen Sink
Authors: Huang Zhi , Zhang Wei Wen , Huang Yun , Wu Yue Yu
Published: November 2010

This paper brings forward a method which can grinding edge and welding seam in kitchen sink manufacture with high efficiency abrasive belt grinding technology to replace manual grinding way, expatiates this new gantry grinding machine structure design and trimming edge along cuvre contour by CNC, gives a application example to grinding sink, finally summarizes this new grinding techniques and grinding machine.
The Purification of Solar Grade Silicon by Chloridizing Roasting
Authors: Lin Tao , Lu Dong Liang , Hu Yu Yan , Wang Bo , Liu Yu , Sun Yan Hui , Chen Hong Yu , Li Qian Shu
Published: November 2010

In recent years, photovoltaic industry has developed rapidly[1]. Facing the situation of traditional energy resources exhaustion and continuing oil price rise, solar energy as a renewable clean energy has been the focus of world attention. In all kinds of solar battery, polysilicon solar cell is the most important. However, the high cost of polysilicon, which accounts for 50% of the total cost, hinders the development of photovoltaic industry. In this paper, for the purpose of reducing cost of polysilicon production, metallurgy methods, for example, chloridizing roasting has been applied for purification. A feasible technological route for polysilicon purifying was developed.
Study on the Output Characteristics of Piezoelectricity Generator
Authors: Yang Xiu Li , Zhang Tie Min , Wen Sheng
Published: November 2010

. For the purpose of improving the output power of piezoelectricity generator (PG), this paper derivates the improving equivalent circuit of piezoelectricity element according to piezoelectricity effect. The dielectric loss and conductive loss are considered. The dielectric loss is caused by the hysteretic effect between leakage current and electric intensity in the medium inside. The conductive loss is caused by the ceramic particles boundary conditions. The relationship between output voltage and current is set up. The relationship between resistance and output power is set up. The relationship between output voltage and out power is set up. Those relationships are simulated and experimented. From the results, it is can be known that there is an optimum load(200 ) for the maximum output power (70 ) in condition of fixed structure, size and fixed excitation frequency and amplitude. With the increasing of voltage, the current is decreasing with parabolic form and the output power increases lowly to a maximum power firstly, and then decreases fast.
Fenton/Ultra-Violet Treatment on Carbon Nanotube and its Effects on Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Phenol Formaldehyde Resin/Graphite Composite for Bipolar Plate
Authors: Li Ai Ju , Yin Qiang , Sun Kang Ning , Shao Lei
Published: November 2010

Using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) treated with Fenton/ultra-violet (UV) as reinforcement and phenol formaldehyde resin/graphite(PF/G) composite as matrix, a new composite for bipolar plate is fabricated by hot-pressing. The effects of different molar ratios of Fe2+ and H2O2 on the surface of the CNTs, the bend strength and conductivity of the composite produced are investigated. It is found that the surface of CNTs will be purer with the decreasing of the concentration of Fe2+; that a large quantity of hydroxyl groups and few carboxyl groups can be brought on the sidewalls of CNTs when the mole match of Fe2+ and H2O2 is 1:40; that the bend strength and conductivity of the composite increase initially and then decrease with the decreasing of mole match of Fe2+ and H2O2; and that the bend strength and conductivity of the composite can reach their best values when the mole match of Fe2+ and H2O2 is 1:40, corresponding 72.5MPa and 185.6 S•cm-1, respectively.
A Fuzzy Impact-Matrix Method for Evaluating Impacting Factors in Manufacturing
Authors: Jiang Ping , Guo Bo , Zhang Kun Lun
Published: November 2010

As performance of processes in a manufacturing system determines the quality of product, the factors that have effects on the processes need to be taken into account to guarantee the product quality during manufacturing. As impacting factors’ effects are usually qualitatively described and hence result in difficulties of quantifying and evaluating, this paper proposes organizing a group of experts to evaluate the effects of the impacting factors and applying a fuzzy Impact-Matrix method to quantify the evaluation results. The proposed method provides engineers with a general perspective to identify important impacting factors and thus facilitates the control of processes.
Preparation of Palladium Based Catalysts by Electroless Plating and their Application in Catalytic Combustion of Toluene
Authors: Li Yong Feng , Li Yu , Yu Lin , Yu Qian , Pan Ji Fei
Published: November 2010

The palladium based combustion catalysts on FeCrAl alloy substrate (Pd/FeCrAl) were prepared by electroless plating method. By means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction and BET specific surface area, it was found that the prepared catalyst after calcination treatment at 800°C could obtain utmost PdO phases, which were well dispersed on substrate with small and uniform particles. The EDX analysis and the adherence tests further indicated that a synergistic interaction was formed between palladium components and substrate on catalyst calcined above 600°C, which might be caused by α-alumina whiskers packaging palladium particles on the surface of substrate. Moreover, the results of activity tests for toluene combustion showed that the 0.1%Pd/FeCrAl catalyst had good low temperature catalytic activity and temperature-resistance property. The total combustion temperature (T90) for toluene over catalyst calcined at 600, 800 and 1000°C was at 218, 207 and 217°C respectively. And the toluene conversion could keep up above 99% during the stability test of Pd/FeCrAl catalyst at 210°Cfor 50 h, indicating the good catalytic stability of Pd/FeCrAl catalyst.
A Fast Retrieval Method Based on K-Means Clustering for Mechanical Product Design
Authors: Jing Hui , Li Cong , Huang Mei Fa , Liu Fu Yun
Published: November 2010

Radius Angle Histogram (RAH) is useful method of retrieving 3D mechanical models. This method, however, not completely uses the information of radius angle histogram of the model. As a result, the retrieval precision is not very high enough. To improve the retrieval efficiency, K-means clustering method (KMM) is proposed in this paper. The radius angle histograms of the models are established first and then be served as inputs as KMM, respectively. By using KMM, the models can be classified and the results can be obtained. To validate the proposed method, an experiment is given. The results show that the retrieval precision of the proposed method is higher than that of single using RAH method.
Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer and Gas Flow Characteristics in Honeycomb Ceramics
Authors: Liu Yong Qi , Chen Xiang Chun , Liu Rui Xiang
Published: November 2010

Honeycomb ceramics is the key component of the thermal flow-reversal reactor, which is for oxidation of coal mine ventilation air methane. In this paper, numerical simulation method was used to study the honeycomb ceramics' heat transfer process, and the effects of temperature difference and hole side length on heat transfer and the resistance losses were investigated. The calculating results show that the temperature difference between the gas and honeycomb ceramics is larger, then the heat transfer effect is better, and the resistance loss is bigger. In the situation other parameters are the same, then the hole side length is longer, the heat transfer efficiency is lower, and the resistance loss is smaller.
Fundamental Research in Utilization of an Oolitic Hematite by Deep Reduction
Authors: Li Shu Fei , Sun Yong Sheng , Han Yue Xin , Shi Guang Quan , Gao Peng
Published: November 2010

Oolitic hematite is an important iron ore resource. Because of its special feature，it can not be effectively separated by conventional beneficiation method. A new reduction and separation processe was used to treated an oolitic hematite in This study. The main factors influencing reduction was determined in the test. The main performance indexes of the product from this process were described as follows: iron grade>85%; metallization rate>97%; iron recovery>92%.
Alkaline Leaching of Low Grade Complex Zinc Oxide Ore
Authors: Ma Shao Jian , Yang Jin Lin , Wang Gui Fang , Mo Wei , Su Xiu Juan
Published: November 2010

Alkaline leaching is an important way for treating low grade metal oxide ore, which has some advantages such as low corrosion and low pollution compared to acidic leaching. In order to recover the zinc from a low grade complex zinc oxide ore in which the grade of Zn and Fe are 13 wt.% and 40.2 wt.%, respectively, and 52.8% of Zn is contained in siderite, 34.63% in limonite and 11.55% in smithsonite, this paper presents a preliminary investigation of this type of ore by alkaline leaching method. In this study, ammonia-ammonium chloride and ammonia-ammonium carbonate were used as the leaching reagents. The effects of alkaline concentration, leaching time, leaching temperature and liquid to solid ratio (L/S) were studied, respectively. The results show that 43.15% of initial Zn content was extracted adopting ammonia-ammonium chloride as the leaching reagent in 4.5M at 30°C for 3h with a liquid to solid ratio of 4:1, while 43.07% of Zn recovery was achieved employing ammonia-ammonium carbonate as the leaching reagent at 5M, 30°C and 4:1(L/S). The low leaching rate of Zn is probably attributed to that the zinc contained in siderite was not extracted completely because Zn and Fe exist as isomorphism in siderite.
Research on Preparation of Mesoporous Zeolite by Template Method
Authors: Ma Zhi Jun , Zhu Yi Min , Li Yan Jun , Fang Xin
Published: November 2010

In this paper, the preparation of mesoporous zeolite by template method is studied that the mesoporous zeolite is made up of pure silica source and pure aluminum source. The synthesis mechanism of mesoporous zeolite is investigated according to the characterization results of FTIR, SEM and N2 adsorption-desorption. The results shows that the water glass and sodium aluminate as the partial raw materials of synthesis process, P123 as the template, reaction at 42°C for 20h, aging at 54°C for 48 h, calcining at 550°C for 5 h. The average pore size of prepared mesoporous zeolite is 6.4nm and the specific surface area is 394.65m2/g. The FTIR shows that the microstructure of the prepared samples is similar to zeolite ore, and the SEM result indicates that the micromorphology of the product is uniform and pore size is within the mesoporous range.
Study on Kinetics of Octadecyltrimethylammonium Adsorption on Montmorillonite
Authors: Chen Ping , Lu Xian Jun , Qiu Jun , Wang Gui Fang
Published: November 2010

Using Octadecyltrimethylammonium (OTA) cations with long carbon chain to intercalate into Na-montmorillonite samples, the change of adsorption amount and adsorption state of OTA with the retention time was investigated. The sdudy on the reaction kinetics for the alkylammonium adsorption in the montmorillonite interlayers showed that the isothermal adsorption behavior fit in with a second order reaction kinetics equation. Reaction rate constants had great differences with application force of adsorption process. OTA in the montmorillonite interlayers through re-arrangement constantly at different time, adsorption state of OTA are analysised by XRD and FTIR. The interlayer spacing and diffraction peak relative intensity of montmorillonite/OTMA complexes shows a dynamic change, the alkyl chain conformations can change from “liquid-like” to “solid-like” with the reaction time. The arrangement of alkylammonium cations are more orderly.
The SEM and EDS Energy Spectrum Analysis of a Beach Placer
Authors: Qiu Jun , Lu Xian Jun , Chen Ping , Hu Shu Gang , Wang Gui Fang
Published: November 2010

In order to study the phase of Fe and Ti in a beach placer , different methods such as the X-ray diffraction analysis, chemical analysis, scanning electron microscopic , electron probe microanalysis are used to study the characteristics of the beach placer . The research results show the major metallic mineral in the beach placer is titanic magnetite, EDS and energy spectrum map features of which indicate that the vast majority of titanic magnetite contain a certain amount of Ti , the two elements of Fe and Ti take on closely symbiosis and distribute more evenly in titanic magnetite. The Ti exists in the Magnetite lattice in form of isomorphism. The theoretical highest grade of Fe and Ti in the separated Magnetic concentrate are 66.02per cent and 4.86 per cent respectively. In addition, the beach placer contains a small quantity of Ilmenite which is hysterogenic and exists in the form of fine solid solution separation structure in the titanic magnetite
Experimental Study on Drying and Agglomerating Moulding of Lignite
Authors: Li Na , Ma Zhi Jun , Zhu Yi Min
Published: November 2010

Due to lignite is a kind of coal with low degree of coalification, low heat value, high moisture content, and prone to weathering and spontaneous combustion, it is not easy for long distance transport. The briquette technology is an effective way to resolve this question. In this study, the lignite from Huolinhe Coalmine was taken as the raw material. By drying it and adding agglomerant into it and letting it go through the physiochemical process, a lignite briquette with improved heat value and some strength was produced, which solved the problems like heat value reduction and the environmental pollution caused by weathering during the lignite transport process, and increased the economic and social benefit of lignite utilization. This study used the agglomerant cold-press molding technique to prepare the briquette, the obtained briquette went through the tests of ash content, heat value, compressive strength, surface behavior etc., and the test results then were analyzed. Meanwhile, this article discussed the acting force types of the particles inside briquette and influencing factors of lignite molding from the point of agglomerating mechanism. The optimal agglomerant type and blending ratio of the agglomerant was determined, which will provide basic consideration for the industrial production of the briquette.
Experimental Study on the Desorption and Regeneration of a Novel Granular Bentonite Composite Adsorbent
Authors: Mo Wei , Ma Shao Jian , Deng Qin , Lin Mei Qun , Wang Gui Fang
Published: November 2010

The desorption and regeneration of a novel granular bentonite composite adsorbent were investigated in this paper. Copper ions were adsorbed onto the composite adsorbent firstly, then the effects of reagent categories, reagent concentration, desorption time, adsorbed copper ion amount, and temperature on the desorption and regeneration of the adsorbent were studied. The results show that the desorption and regeneration of the composite adsorbent adsorbed copper ions can be carried out by acids, alkalis, or salts. The desorption and regeneration efficiency are closely connected with the experimental conditions and the categories of chemical reagents. Acids have the desorption capacity for composite adsorbent after adsorbing, but they need to be regenerated by other methods. Salts have both desorption and regeneration capacity. Alkalis show the strongest desorption and regeneration capacity.
Effect of Preparation Parameters on the Structure and Property of Montmorillonite/Alkylammonium Complexes
Authors: Lu Xian Jun , Qiu Jun , Liu Yu Qin , Chen Ping
Published: November 2010

A series of montmorillonite/alkylammonium complexes were prepared by the intercalation reaction between montmorillonite and Octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (OTA). The effects of OTA dosage and intercalation duration on the structure and gelating properties of the complexes were investigated. And, the correlation between the structure of complexes and their gel viscosities were discussed. Results indicate that the OTA dosage and retention time have remarkable influence on the structure and gelating properties of montmorillonite/alkylammonium complexes, and the gelating properties also relates to the arrangement of the alkylammonium molecules in the interlayers of montmorillonite. Along with the increase of the OTA dosage under the same retentation time, both the d001 value of the montmorillonite/alkylammonium complexes and the adsorption amount of OTA increase to some extent, and the layer structure of the complex tends to show an interstratification structure. However, maximum gel viscosity of the complex was obtained at a moderate OTA dosage of 1.1~1.3CEC. Along with the increase of the retentation time, the adsorption amount of the OTA shows little variations, but the interlayer structure of the complex prepared under longer retention time tends to form a stable monolayer structure from an unstable interstratification structure under shorter retention time, and the gel viscosity of the complex increases gradually to the maximum value.
Microstructure and Tribological Properties of a Ni-Base Laser Cladding on Aluminum Bronze
Authors: Xu Jian Lin , Yang Bo , Ju Chun Yan , Zhang Li Hui
Published: November 2010

In the paper, a Ni-base composite cladding was cladded on the surface of QAl9-4 aluminum bronze by laser cladding technology, as well as its microstructure and tribological properties are studied. The results show that the microstructure of laser cladding is affected by solidification rate, and its wear behavior mainly lies on microstructure and lubrication condition. The microstructure of laser cladding is made up of cellular crystal and dendrite crystal. The microstructure of the surface cladding is cellular crystal, the middle section is crassitude dendrite crystal, and the bottom is coarse dendrite crystal and cellular crystal. Under dry friction condition, wear mechanism is abrasive wear and shedding strengthen phase, which has higher volume’s wear rate. Under lubricate condition, wear mechanism is abrasive wear and adhere wear, which has lower volume’s wear rate than that of dry friction. The average friction coefficient of the cladding under dry and lubricate condition are 0.39 and 0.15, the volume’s wear rate are 7.88×10-8mm3/N.mm and 1.56×10-9mm3/ N.mm, respectively. Therefore, the cladding has favorable wear resistance property under lubricate condition，and can be used as an excellent wearable material.
Synthesis of Leaf-Shaped α-Fe2O3 Nanoflakes
Authors: Han Qin , Cao Bing , Zhou Li Ping , Zhong Hai Jian , Zeng Xiong Hui
Published: November 2010

We report the synthesis of single-crystalline α-Fe2O3 nanoflakes by the oxidation reaction of water vapor through a gas-solid method. The samples are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-Raman spectrometer, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). As-synthesized nanoflakes have a pseudotriangle morphology: 20-50 nm in thickness, 0.5-1.5 μm in length and base-width. It is observed that vertically aligned arrays of leaf-like α-Fe2O3 grow at the verges of the iron foils. The possible mechanism is discussed to elucidate the formation of α-Fe2O3 nanostructures. The experimental results indicate that water vapor plays an important role in controlling the morphology of the final products.
Preparation and Modification of Magnetite Thin Films by Swift Kr-Ion Irradiation
Authors: Sun Jian Rong , Wang Zhi Guang , Wang Yu Yu , Wei Kong Fang , Shen Tie Long , Yao Cun Feng , Gou Jie , Li Fa Shen
Published: November 2010

Polycrystalline magnetite (Fe3O4) thin films is synthesized at low temperature (90 oC) by electroless plating in aqueous solution, and the behavior of the magnetic property of the Fe3O4 thin film irradiated by Kr26+ ions at energy of 2.03 GeV is investigated by magnetization measurements. The initial crystallographic structure of the Fe3O4 remains unaffected after swift heavy ion (SHI) irradiation, but both coercive force and saturation magnetization are sensitive to Kr26+ ion irradiation and exhibit different behaviors depending on the ion fluence range. And SHI irradiation could make the magnetic moments of the Fe3O4 films ordered around the columnar defects and the magnetic moments tend to arrange along the films plane. All modifications of the magnetic properties could be interpreted very well by the effects related to the stress and defects induced by SHI irradiation.
Crater Characteristics of Tungsten Spheres Impacting Steel Target
Authors: Dong Yong Xiang , Feng Shun Shan , Duan Xiang Jie , Xiao Li Xing
Published: November 2010

The armed steel target impacted vertically by tungsten spheres with different initial velocities and masses was studied by experiments. The macroscopic properties of crater were analyzed by the shape features of crater, the size dimension of crater, cracks along the penetration tunnel and the characteristics of recovered tungsten spheres. The results show that the everted rimmed and irregular shape of crater is heavier with velocity and mass of tungsten sphere. The shape of the top surface of impactor changes from the original sphere to the flat profile and the mass shows an obvious drop at a higher impact velocity The ratio of the crater diameter to the diameter of tungsten sphere, and the ratio of the crater depth to the crater diameter both descend with the mass at the same initial velocity of tungsten sphere. The specific expression of nondimensional penetration depth versus dynamic pressure is given by experiment data.
Porous Carbon Prepared by a Template-Like Method Using Non-Porous Pumice Mineral as Template
Authors: Liu Gui Yang , Li Yan Nan , Guo Jun Ming , Wang Bao Sen
Published: November 2010

Porous carbons have been prepared by a template-like method using non-porous pumice mineral as a “template”, and sucrose and furfuralcohol as carbon sources. Nitrogen adsorption and scanning electric microscope (SEM) have been used to investigate the pore structure and morphology of the samples. The study results indicate that the surface areas of the carbons prepared from sucrose and furfuralcohol are 208 and 268 m2/g, respectively. The carbon prepared from sucrose is microporous, and the carbon prepared from furfuralcohol is a carbon with both micropores and mesopores.
Frication and Wear Properties of Cu-Fe-Al Composite Containing Graphite Prepared by Induction Sintering
Authors: Fu Chuan Qi , Wang Zhou
Published: November 2010

Cu-Fe-Al composites containing various amounts of graphite additives are prepared by induction sintering method. The mechanical properties of the composites with 0-8 wt. % graphite are measured using the mechanical tester, while the friction and wear properties are evaluated using MRH-3 friction-wear tester. Material components are found by EDS. The worn surface morphologies of the composites are analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results show that the composite containing graphite have porous microstructure. The mechanical and tribological properties of composites are related to the induction frequencies and the contents of the graphite as the solid lubricant. The increased graphite content results in reduced mechanical properties and increased friction and wear properties. The composite with 4 wt. % graphite additives and induction frequencies of 35Hz have the lower the friction coefficients and wear rate. Meanwhile, wear mechanism of materials have been changed from abrasive wear to grain wear due to the glaze layer.
Fabrication of Degradable Microsphere/PNIPAAm Hydrogel Combination Systems for Protein Delivery
Authors: Yang Ju , Huo Dan Qun , Hou Chang Jun , Zhang Guo Ping , Yang Li Min , Zhang Yu Chan , Dong Le Jia , Li Juan
Published: November 2010

A novel protein delivery system with incorporating PLGA microspheres into porous PNIPAAm hydrogel for sustained delivery of proteins was successfully developed. Distribution of PLGA microspheres in the hydrogel was determined by SEM, and the in vitro protein release characteristics of combination system were investigated by UV-vis spectroscopy. The SEM results showed that PLGA microspheres were encased into the interconnected porous structure of PNIPAAm hydrogel. In vitro release of BSA from combination system exhibited a less burst release followed by a slower sustained release for 20 days. The slow release after the initial burst release was due to the low permeability of BSA in PLGA microspheres. The controlled release of BSA encapsulated within microspheres embedded in scaffolds was better controlled when compared to delivery from PNIPAAm hydrogels alone. The combination systems showed great promise for application in protein delivery.
A Preliminary Study of Self-Exciting Mode Oscillating-Flow Heat Pipe Used in the Heat Recovery of Wood Drying
Authors: Yao Xue Li , Yi Song Lin , Zhang Xiao Yan , Zhang Bi Guang
Published: November 2010

First building up the test bed of heat recovery unit which made use of Self-Exciting Mode Oscillating-Flow Heat Pipe heat exchanger, simulated the conventional wood drying chamber exhaust conditions, this paper compared and analyzed the different heat recovery efficiency of this heat exchanger under different operating modes. The results showed that: when the air flow and temperature at the hot end kept steady, the heat recovery efficiency increased as the relative humidity increasing; while the air flow and relative humidity at the hot end remained stable, the heat recovery efficiency decreased along with the temperature increasing; the hot end temperature reached the top on the dew point. The average heat recovery efficiency of Self-Exciting Mode Oscillating-Flow Heat Pipe heat exchanger was about 15%.
Innovative Design of Self-Decelerating Escape Device Based on TRIZ
Authors: Lu Quan Guo , Yang Yong Hong
Published: November 2010

With the disadvantages of complex structure, complicated operation and power control, the application of existing high-building escape device are restricted. A novel high-building escape device is designed based on TRIZ theory, which has the advantages of simple structure, easy operation and without electric or other energy. With the transformation of closed-loop mechanism, the gravity of escape person generate the resistance preventing the rapid drop of escape person. The closed-loop mechanism consists of driving shaft, feedback shaft, drving gear, feedback gear and rope. One end of the rope is winded around the driving shaft, and another end is tied with escape person. With the reduction of layers number of rope, the pressure angle between feedback shaft and rope increase, which cause the raise of resistance and the decrease of landing velocity of escape person. Simulation and experiment show that the designed escape device is effective and safety.
Strontium Hydroxyapatite Synthesis, Characterization and Cell Cytotoxicity
Authors: Li Zhi Hong , Wu Ji Min , Huang Shu Jie , Guan J. , Zhang Xi Zheng
Published: November 2010

Strontium hydroxyapatite powders was prepared by the hydrothermal method using Sr(NO3)2 and (NH4)2HPO4 as reagents. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Transmission electron microscope, Energy dispersive X-ray, and Thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis were employed to investigate the crystalline phase, chemical composition, morphology, and thermal stability of the Strontium hydroxyapatite. And the cytotoxicity of Strontium hydroxyapatite was analyzed through MTT assay. Results showed that Strontium hydroxyapatite prepared by hydrothermal Method has excellent crystal structure, good dispersion, high purity, and rod-like morphology with dimensions 200-500 nm in length and 20 nm in diameter. Meanwhile, the apatite has poor thermal stability. However, the apatite is cytocompatible and may have better biocompatibility, which can serve as strontium source incorporation into calcium phosphate cement and for bone repair.
Properties of Blue-Stain Masson Pine after Compression and Thermal Modification
Authors: Yu Li Li , Tang Zhen Zhong , Cao Jin Zhen , Yan Li
Published: November 2010

In this paper, in order to eliminate the adverse effects of blue-stain on the wood surface appearance and improve wood mechanical properties, wood compression process and wood thermal treatment process were applied into the physical modification of blue-stain Masson Pine (Pinus massoniana). The test results showed that when the specimens are hot-pressed with the compression rate of 50%, and then were heat-treated at 220°C for 2h, the wood surface color and dimension stability could be improved significantly. Moreover, the surface hardness and the compression strength of the compressed-thermal treated wood could be increased significantly compared to the untreated blue-stain wood. Based on this study, the biological properties of the specimens after compression and thermal treatments will be investigated in the future.
Effects of Load Sequence on Fatigue Crack Growth in Pressure Vessels
Authors: Abdullah Shahrum , Beden S.M. , Ariffin Ahmad Kamal , Mohd Nopiah Zulkifli
Published: November 2010

Low alloy steels such as ASTM A508 and A533 and their equivalent materials have been extensively applied in fabricating pressure vessels due to their relatively excellent mechanical properties and moderately good weldability. The integrity of such materials governs the safety of the power plants. These vessels mainly are subjected to random loading in service and the load cycle interactions can have a significant effect in fatigue crack growth. Studying of fatigue crack growth rate and fatigue life calculation under spectrum loading is important for the reliable life prediction of vessels. Many models have been proposed, but as yet no universal model exists. In this paper, a fatigue life predicted under various load spectra, using three different fatigue crack growth models namely the Austen, modified Forman and NASGRO models. These models are validated with fatigue crack growth test data under various variable amplitude loadings. This application is performed with aids of three-point bend specimens. The results show clearly the load sequences effect and the predicted results agree with some discrepancies between the different models as well as with the test data. Neglecting, the cycle interaction effects in fatigue calculation under variable amplitude loading lead to invalid life prediction.
Modification of Coconut-Shell Activated Carbon and its Controlled Release Property for Nicotinic Acid
Authors: Lu Wei , Hong Zheng Yuan , Yu Jun Xia , Guo Jia
Published: November 2010

In this paper, coconut-shell activated carbons (CSAC) used as the carrier of nicotinic acid (VPP) and the process of controlled release of VPP were studied. CSACs with relatively high yield and good adsorptive capacity prepared by CO2 activation method under the condition of 850oC, 1.5h activation time and 1.5L/min CO2 flow rate, were used as the VPP carrier. Langmuir model was suitable for describing the process of CSAC adsorbing VPP, and the maximum adsorptive capacity of CSAC was 136.32mg/g. The cumulative release percentages of VPP in distilled water, simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) were 22.53%, 45.86% and 53.94%, respectively. Higuchi model was the most suitable for describing the processes of CSAC releasing of VPP in the different media.
Preparation and Characteristic of Urea Formaldehyde Modified with Hexamethoxymethyl Melamine
Authors: Gao Zhen Zhong , Guan Li Tao , Sun Jin , Tu Deng Yun
Published: November 2010

Hexamethoxymethyl melamine (HMMM) was used to modify UF resins to obtain good performance with low formaldehyde emission. The effect of urea to formaldehyde ratio, HMMM content on the properties of UF resin was studied in detail. The results suggested that urea to formaldehyde ratio to be 1:0.9 and 20% HMMM content is the optimum formulation to afford desired UF resin. The viscosity, solidification time, bond strength and formaldehyde emission of the modified UF resins were also studied. The results revealed that the performance of the modified UF achieved the chinese standard.
Preparation of Solar-Grade Polysilicon by Acid Leaching
Authors: Chang Yu , Chen Hong Yu , Luo Qi Wen , Ye Qi Hui
Published: November 2010

A low-cost acid leaching process is studied in this paper to prepare solar-grade polysilicon. The effects of process conditions (grain size, acid species and concentration, leaching time and temperature) are discussed. The further optimized conditions by orthogonal experiments are given in this paper. Optimal operating conditions are suggested: 75μm of grain size, 80 min of leaching time, 0.28 mol/l of concentration of HF, 80 C of leaching temperature. The removal efficiency of impurity reaches 98.41%. Analysis by ICP-AES and SEM illustrates acid leaching appears to be a potential primary process for solar-grade Si purification. .
Chiral Recognizable Properties of Thermosensitive Poly(NIPA-co-NALPE) Hydrogels
Authors: Chen Jiao Jiao , Jiang Lin , Zhao Yi Ping , Zhang Qing Song , Chen Li
Published: November 2010

A serious of poly(NIPA-co-NALPE) hydrogels containing chiral group (L-Phenylalanine ethyl ester) were prepared by copolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide(NIPA) and acrylic acid derivatived L-Phenylalanine ethyl ester (NALPE) in ethanol with different feed ratios. The kinetics adsorption approach, isothermal adsorption and chiral separation experiment of hydrogels on D/L-phenylalanine were investigated, and the results showed that the chiral hydrogels exhibited enantioselectivity for D/L-phenylalanine and the absorption capability increased with the rising temperature and increasing contents of NALPE due to the temperature-sensitive NIPA molecular chains and the chiral monomer NALPE, respectively. Furthermore, the poly(NIPA-co-NALPE) hydrogels were also used to separate DL-alanine and DL-tartaric acid, which suggested that the gels are also applicable to other chiral molecules besides DL-phenylalanine and have potential applications in separation of chiral drugs.
Heavy Metal’s Potential Harm for Environment of Ancient Pyrometallurgical Slag
Authors: Peng Xi , Jiao Bin Quan , Li Dong Wei
Published: November 2010

The total content of heavy metal in solid waster is usually used to forecast heavy metal’s potential harm for environment.This work was to study the potential harm for environment of ancient pyrometallurgical slag.The heavy metal content in ancient pyrometallurgical slag is high and the average content of heavy metal (zinc plus plumbum) is up to 6.97%.But the leachable quantity of Zn,Pb,Cr and Cd are all very low.It shows that the total content of heavy metal could not represent the harm for environment. Meanwhile,leaching behavior of heavy metal in pyrometallurgical slag was discussed through extraction toxicity test in different pH. The results showed that in neutral condition,the leachable quantity of Zn,Pb,Cr and Cd is at the lowest level and their migration ability were weak.
Laser Assisted Procedure for Local Thermal Manipulation of Aluminium Alloys
Authors: Pereira Pedro , Peixinho Nuno , Soares Delfim , Vilarinho Cândida , Dimas Dina
Published: November 2010

This study presents experimental results of an approach consisting of local heating of aluminium alloy structures with the purpose of introducing a local change of material properties. Such modification can be precisely induced using a laser source, as detailed in this study. By a laser induced pre-treatment, the material properties are locally changed so that influencing the material flow is possible. It is therefore possible to improve deep drawing of high strength aluminium alloys. This technique can also be applied to thin-walled section aluminium tubes in order to act as local triggering of the deformation process reducing peak loads and inducing energy favourable folding modes. This study presents preliminary results of temperature, heating cycle and laser parameters influence in material properties and microstructure of a selected 6060-T5 aluminium alloy.
Removal Efficiency of Hazardous Material in Cyclohexanone Production Wastewater Applying Anaerobic Upflow Bed Filter
Authors: Li Dou , Li Dong Wei
Published: November 2010

The cyclohexanone production wastewater includes hazardous material such as cyclohexanone and cyclohexane which can harm the vessel of human body resulting in coagulation necrosis of viscera and brain. Our experiment choosed the cyclohexanone production wastewater to be investigated, and used the self-made anaerobic upflow bed filter (UBF) to deal with it. We try to find the optimal operational parameters which can make the degradation of hazardous materials maximizing. The COD removal efficiency was decreasing with the COD of influent’s increasing in starting stage, the shock load made the microbe in UBF can’t adapt the high VLR temporarily. In the running stage, the anaerobic sludge in UBF was incompact and the settleability of sludge was not very well. As the UBF running, the granular sludge shaped up greatly, the COD removal efficiency kept on 80%. The result showed that the UBF reactor was valid for hazardous material in cyclohexanone production wastewater.
The Construction and Analysis of Eutrophication Model for Caohai of Dianchi Lake
Authors: Mao Guo Zhu , Zhang Shu , Du Hui Bin , Wang Hong Mei , Chai Li He
Published: November 2010

The aquatic ecosystem of lake is a complex open systems, this study that is based on the principles of maximum flux selects Caohai as the object, we apply complex systems analysis to construct eutropication model which is suitable for local conditions and select a larger time scale and control parameters to simulate the eutrophication status to find out the main factors and to put forward reasonable proposals for giving out optimal control techniques. This model can be expanded in time scale, spatial scale and the number of parameters, while the difficulty of calculation and analysis will not be increased. The trend and influencing factors of the system will be got at the same time.
Development and Calibration of an Optical Magnetic Twisting Cytometry for Studying Nano-Dynamics of Living Cells
Authors: Lin Feng , Jiang Xue Mei , Liao Qing Feng , Song Ai Jing , Deng Lin Hong
Published: November 2010

We report the development and calibration of a built optical magnetic twisting cytometry (OMTC) system. The development includes hardware assembly and software integration. The system has been calibrated in terms of its noise characteristics. The results demonstrated that in current experimental condition the system performed satisfactorily with negligible noise level. The ASM cell also exhibited stiffening in response to mechanical stimulation due to continuous twisting of beads on the cell surface, providing a useful technique for studying the role of ASM cell mechanics in pathogenesis of respiratory disease such as asthma.
Effects of Sputtering Parameters on the Properties of Sputtered ZnO Films
Authors: Huang Bo , Yang Hui Dong
Published: November 2010

The ZnO films were deposited on quartz glass substrate by RF magnetron sputtering. The influences of the deposition power, the Ar/O2 ratio and the total press on the crystallinity of ZnO films were analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The results show that the films deposited at Ar/O2 ratio of 2:3 have better crystalline quality under our experimental conditions. The optimum power is about 120-160 W. The crystal structure was significantly influenced by the total pressure in the chamber. The total press should below 1 Pa in order to get high quality ZnO films.
Sequencing the Reconfigurable Assembly Line with a Hybrid Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Yuan Ming Hai , Xu Huan Min
Published: November 2010

In order to solve the reconfigurable assembly line sequencing problem, a multi-objective optimization mathematical model is presented, which includes three practically important objectives. Such as minimizing the total utility work cost, minimizing the total production rate variation and minimizing reconfigurable setup cost are considered. A scheduling method for reconfigurable assembly line is proposed based on Pareto multi-objective genetic algorithm, In order to ensure the group’s variety, prevent the premature convergence problem and enhance the globe-optimization capability, some key technologies such as population ranking method, Niche technique are applied. The adaptive crossover and mutation probabilities methods are developed. The computational results show that the proposed hybrid algorithm finds solutions with better quality especially in the case of large-sized problems.
Process Characteristics Study of Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR)
Authors: Ning Lu , Liu Jin
Published: November 2010

In this paper, Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) was applied to treat the synthetic wastewater in the matrix of starch and glucose. the reactor was started using low loading start-up , VLR controlled at 0.59~11.05kgCOD/m3•d, there are some granular sludge appeared after running 18 days. The figure and size of granular sludge in each compartment revealed different characteristics due to the changing of OLRs and shear force between gas and liquid in each compartment. The COD removal efficiency was higher than 90% and steady when the reactor’s start-up finished.When the anaerobic granular sludge appeared in the reactor, the VLR was 1.29kgCOD/(m3•d)、COD removal efficiency was 83％、hydraulic surface loading was 0.078m3/m2.h and an HRT was 30h. The VLR had remarkable influence on COD removal efficiency、VFA、pH and ALK. When VLR was 5.57kgCOD/(m3•d), COD removal efficiency and ALK were the minimum, VFA in the outflow exceeded 1000mg/L, reactor’s efficiency decreased .The reactor recovered after adjusting VLR and ALK value. Compared with the third and fourth compartments, the first and second compartments were less sensitive to changing of VFA. When pH deviated from adapt range, the COD removal efficiency was decreased obviously, so pH value was kept in the range of 6.2 to 6.5 for the later stage of experiments.
Research on Friction and Wear Properties of Annealed 5052 Al-Mg Alloy
Authors: Wang Wen Xia , Liu Ping , Gan Lian Tao
Published: November 2010

At annealing temperature, Al-Mg alloys have grain boundary and surface magnesium segregation and their strength are also impossibly enhanced by heat treatment. Friction and wear properties of cold-rolled 5052 aluminum alloy annealed at different temperature were studied in this paper. X-ray diffract analysis(XRD) indicates that metallurgical phase has no obvious transformation with different annealing temperature. Auger electron (AE) fines that magnesium segregation and oxide layer thickness of surface are different along the plate thickness direction at different annealing temperatures. Results show that the higher oxide layer of the surface, the smaller wear can be got. Friction and wear testing shows that 5052 aluminum alloy annealed at different temperatures almost have the same coefficient of friction under the same experimental condition , but the coefficient friction of the same sample will increase while temperature rises.
Microstructure in Pressureless-Sintered Iron-Containing Hydroxyapatite/Titanium Composites
Authors: Chang Qing , Ru Hong Qiang , Chen Dao Lun
Published: November 2010

Pure hydroxyapatite (HA) is brittle and it cannot be directly used for the load-bearing biomedical applications. Aim of this paper was to present a new iron-containing hydroxyapatite/titanium composites synthesized via pressureless sintering at a relatively low temperature of 1000°C using nano-sized HA powders and Ti-33%Fe mixed powders. The microstructure and composition of the new type composites were evaluated. The results showed that the uniformly distributed reinforcing particles had a unique and favorable core/shell microstructure after sintering that consisted of outer titanium and inner iron. The mechanism for the formation of the core/shell structure was discussed. The addition of iron reduced the decomposition rate of HA and the interaction between HA and titanium.
Study on the Print-Through and its Forecasting Model Based on the Color Difference Evaluation
Authors: Yang Yong Gang , Hou Qing Xi , Hu Shu Hua
Published: November 2010

In order to control the print-through, the value of print-through resistance (PTR for short) was put forward to predict the print-through of lithograph. For 5 given paper samples, the relationships between their PTR and print-through (expressed with ΔEab*) was explored under three sets of printing condition in this paper. The results showed that lower printing press and higher printing speed were helpful to reduce the print-through. And under the same printing conditions, the print-through value of cyan ink print was slightly larger than that of magenta ink print. In addition, the PTR increase could lead to the decrease of the print-through value. In particular, no matter what kind of conditions, the print-through value was almost smaller than 4 NBS when the PTR of those paper samples was larger than 73%, which could be look on as the absence of print-through phenomenon.
Analysis and Control Methods of Side Slope Stability
Authors: Tian Wen Gao
Published: November 2010

This paper makes a comprehensive study of side slope control nearby apartment buildings in a university in Southwest China by investigating its geological condition, making a stability analysis, calculating landslide force, and designing a control project by adopting anti-slide piles plus drainage system, and explores the reasonable pile gap on the basis of anti-sliding stability and security and makes a conclusion.
Experimental Investigation on Adsorptive Removal of Phenolic Compounds from Aqueous Solution by Cr-Bentonite
Authors: Zheng Hong , Wang Yang , Liang Peng , Qi Hong Bin
Published: November 2010

The ability of Cr-bentonite prepared using synthetic wastewater containing chromium was investigated for adsorptive removal of 4-aminophenol and 4-chlorophenol from aqueous solution in a batch system at 25 °C. The physic-chemical parameters including pH value of solution and contact time were studied. The experimental data were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models of sorption. The equilibrium sorption data for 4-aminophenol and 4-chlorophenol were well fitted to Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the monolayer sorption capacity was found to be 26.53 and 23.81 mg/g at 25 °C, respectively. The sorption energy calculated from Dubinin-Redushkevich (D-R) isotherm are 8.31 and 8.20 kJ/mol for the uptake of 4-aminophenol and 4-chlorophenol respectively which indicates that both the sorption processes are chemical in nature. The kinetic data were analyzed using pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order kinetic equation and intraparticle diffusion model. The experimental data fit very well the pseudo-second order kinetic model. Intraparticle diffusion affects 4-aminophenol and 4-chlorophenol uptake. Sorption studies carried out using industrial wastewater samples containing phenolic compounds show that there is significant potential for Cr-bentonite as an adsorbent material for phenollic compounds removal from aqueous solutions.