bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le deep learning au service de la prédiction de l’orientation sexuelle dans l’espace public
Authors: Baya-Laffite Nicolas , Beaude Boris , Garrigues Jérémie
Published: November 2018

L’alerte lancée en septembre 2017 à propos d’un algorithme susceptible de prédire l’orientation sexuelle des individus questionne le statut des « machines prédictives » et le rôle des sciences sociales dans de telles circonstances. Entre la revendication d’un retour à la physiognomonie à l’heure du deep learning , l’explication des performances à partir d’une théorie « biologisante » des origines de l’orientation sexuelle et l’annonce de la fin de la vie privée, cette recherche, menée sous la direction de Michal Kosinski, professeur de psychologie à Stanford, engage à ne pas laisser un tel débat au seul registre de l’éthique. Dans cet article, nous proposons d’interroger la pertinence de l’alerte lancée par Kosinski au regard de la controverse qu’elle a suscitée, tant elle se révèle pertinente pour examiner l’entrée des algorithmes prédictifs dans le débat public. Nous questionnons l’ambiguïté du statut de « lanceur d’alerte » que les auteurs assument pourtant explicitement, car l’examen critique de leur modèle prédictif révèle finalement son inaptitude à démontrer les origines hormonales prénatales de l’orientation sexuelle et à distinguer les orientations sexuelles des personnes dans l’espace public.
La revanche des neurones
Authors: Cardon Dominique , Cointet Jean-Philippe , Mazières Antoine
Published: November 2018

Depuis 2010, les techniques prédictives basées sur l’apprentissage artificiel (machine learning), et plus spécifiquement des réseaux de neurones (deep learning), réalisent des prouesses spectaculaires dans les domaines de la reconnaissance d’image ou de la traduction automatique, sous l’égide du terme d’“Intelligence artificielle”. Or l’appartenance de ces techniques à ce domaine de recherche n’a pas toujours été de soi. Dans l’histoire tumultueuse de l’IA, les techniques d’apprentissage utilisant des réseaux de neurones – que l’on qualifie de “connexionnistes” – ont même longtemps été moquées et ostracisées par le courant dit “symbolique”. Cet article propose de retracer l’histoire de l’Intelligence artificielle au prisme de la tension entre ces deux approches, symbolique et connexionniste. Dans une perspective d’histoire sociale des sciences et des techniques, il s’attache à mettre en évidence la manière dont les chercheurs, s’appuyant sur l’arrivée de données massives et la démultiplication des capacités de calcul, ont entrepris de reformuler le projet de l’IA symbolique en renouant avec l’esprit des machines adaptatives et inductives de l’époque de la cybernétique.
Quand prédire, c’est gérer
Authors: Benbouzid Bilel
Published: November 2018

Dans cet article, nous rentrons dans les détails du contenu des applications numériques de la police prédictive. Les machines prédictives sont des technologies morales de gouvernement. Elles servent non seulement à prédire où et quand les crimes sont susceptibles d’avoir lieu, mais aussi à réguler le travail de la police. Elles calculent des rapports d’équivalence, en distribuant de la sécurité sur le territoire, selon de multiples critères de coûts et de justice sociale. En retraçant les origines de la police prédictive dans le système du Compstat, nous observons le passage de machines à explorer des intuitions (le policier garde la main sur la machine) à des applications qui font disparaître la dimension réflexive de la proactivité, faisant de la prédiction le support de métriques de « dosage » de la quantité du travail de la police. Nous voyons enfin comment sous l’effet d’un mouvement critique dénonçant les biais discriminatoires des machines prédictives, les développeurs imaginent les techniques d’audit des données des bases d’apprentissage et les calculs de la quantité raisonnable de contrôle policier dans la population.
Grandeur et décadence de l’« édition prédictive »
Authors: Bullich Vincent
Published: November 2018

Cette monographie répond à deux objectifs. Le premier est de présenter les modalités d’intégration d’un dispositif « prédictif » au sein du processus éditorial d’une maison d’édition « alternative ». Celle-ci a en effet pour ambition une publication continument élevée de textes courts en partie sélectionnés grâce à un « algorithme » permettant une automatisation de la stylométrie (analyse des composantes syntaxiques, lexicales et sémantiques d’un texte) et doté des capacités d’apprentissage automatique. Bien que se révélant être un adjuvant efficace (même si perfectible), le dispositif est laissé de côté quelques années après son développement au profit d’un mode de sélection des manuscrits beaucoup plus traditionnel. Le second objectif de l’article est par conséquent d’apporter des éléments de compréhension de cette désaffection : ceux-ci sont à chercher moins du côté de la machine que des « valeurs » et représentations sociales que les différentes parties prenantes vont lui associer.
En quel sens l’économie est-elle politique ?
Authors: Barnaud-Meyer Sarah
Published: November 2018

L’infléchissement de l’économie vers la scientificité masque un paradoxe : moins l’économie s’annonce comme politique, plus elle l’est. L’approche critique de Marx rappelle en effet combien ce régime de discours est idéologique. Réciproquement, c’est le dépassement politique, indexé au matérialisme historique, qui donne à la critique marxienne sa fécondité heuristique. Celle-ci s’appuie sur un projet : l’appropriation politique des forces productives. Définissant ces trois sens dans la lecture de Marx mais aussi dans la distance qui nous en sépare, l’étude s’interroge sur une question posée au présent : comment gagner en politicité ?
Le jeune Friedrich Schlegel, un démocrate radical ?
Authors: Marmasse Gilles
Published: November 2018

L’article étudie l’« Essai sur le concept de républicanisme » (1796) de Friedrich Schlegel, ambitieuse recension du Pour la paix perpétuelle de Kant (1795). Il montre la logique des critiques adressées à Kant et la manière dont Schlegel défend la démocratie à l’encontre de son illustre interlocuteur. Schlegel, dans l’« Essai », entend montrer la nécessité, transcendantalement fondée, d’une communauté politique à laquelle chacun participe à part entière. La décision politique doit alors s’appuyer sur le vote majoritaire, approximation dynamique de la volonté générale.
Expo Milano 2015 : un palimpseste d’événements pour le branding urbain
Authors: Lins Flávio , Gotardo Ana Teresa , Carmo dos Santos Maria Helena
Published: November 2018

Les expositions universelles se présentent comme un espace médiatique faisant partie des projets de branding urbain cherchant à créer une marque pour la ville de manière à la rendre consommable comme une marchandise. Dans ce contexte, cet article présente l’Expo Milano 2015, un méga-événement d’une durée de 184 jours, 144 pays participants et plus de 21 millions de visiteurs. En dépit des problèmes liés au méga-événement (comme les manifestations des habitants de la ville et les coûts élevés), il a été considéré comme un succès sous le point de vue du marketing. Pourtant, une vision de la ville comme produit commercial est aussi la construction d’une ville « idéale » qui souvent méconnaît les divers sujets et subjectivités qui la composent.
Capitales européennes de la culture : des priorités contradictoires et une notoriété inégale
Authors: Autissier Anne-Marie
Published: November 2018

Lancé en 1985, le programme des Villes européennes de la culture, devenues Capitales européennes de la culture, a permis de mettre à l’honneur plus de 50 cités européennes. Le programme a donc préparé et accompagné les élargissements successifs de l’Union européenne. Le dispositif actuellement retenu pour les Capitales européennes de la culture est la nomination, chaque année, d’une ville de l’Ouest de l’Europe et d’une ville d’Europe centrale et orientale. Pourtant, les moyens diffèrent considérablement entre les villes et le soutien de la Commission européenne – 1,5 million d’euros – se révèle marginal pour des budgets de 70 millions dans les cités ouest-européennes. Les apports du Fonds européen de développement pour les villes situées dans des régions prioritaires au regard de la Politique régionale de l’Union permettent d’abonder ces apports et que l’année culturelle constitue un accélérateur pour des investissements immobiliers – restauration ou construction. La stratégie de régénération urbaine a coïncidé avec le succès des Capitales européennes de la culture dès les années 1990. Elle se double aujourd’hui d’une attention renouvelée à la perception des habitants et citoyens, face à ces événements souvent critiqués pour leur caractère éphémère. La construction d’un espace culturel européen et l’ouverture des Capitales européennes de la culture doivent impérativement s’insérer dans une politique culturelle de long terme, ce qui reste trop peu le cas aujourd’hui.
Le virus Zika, une menace pour les Jeux olympiques : l’amplification de la peur par les médias et la consommation
Authors: Ferreira Freitas Ricardo , Cristine Fort Mônica
Published: November 2018

Dans cet article, nous avons choisi un sujet lié à la peur, très présent dans la presse brésilienne et française quelques mois avant les Jeux olympiques de Rio en août 2016 : le virus Zika. L’inexactitude des informations et les faibles données scientifiques ont, à l’époque, augmenté la peur et l’inconfort des populations touchées et de ceux qui voulaient se déplacer aux endroits où l’incidence du moustique était importante. Notre recherche s’appuie notamment sur des reportages publiés dans les journaux Le Monde , en France, et O Estado de São Paulo , au Brésil. Nous avons priorisé les reportages ayant leurs titres publiés à la Une de ces journaux parce qu’ils attirent le plus l’attention, laissant à penser que le contenu mérite d’être vu plus en détail. Ainsi, dans la logique de la presse, la façon dont les nouvelles sont transmises peut transformer la perception et l’interprétation des faits, en favorisant de nouveaux imaginaires sur la consommation des villes.
Fortaleza ville hôte : le discours de la joie dans les guides touristiques des villes de la Coupe du monde FIFA 2014
Authors: Belmino Silvia Helena , Brasil Da Silva Emylianny
Published: November 2018

Ce travail réalise l’étude des propositions de consommation de la ville de Fortaleza en tant que ville hôte de la joie de la Coupe du monde FIFA 2014. La cinquième ville la plus peuplée du Brésil a subi des transformations physiques et symboliques pour se présenter comme destination idéale de ce méga-événement. Dans ce contexte, les guides de villes ont été utilisés pour présenter la ville et orienter le supporter-touriste en proposant des parcours de consommation de l’espace citadin. On a relevé des aspects historiques et panoramiques par rapport à la position de ville hôte, par le biais de l’analyse du discours des guides dans lesquels on a utilisé les référentiels de l’Analyse de Discours Critique. L’objectif a été de montrer comment les guides dressent un discours de relecture de l’espace à travers le concept de joie dans la communication qui oriente la représentation de l’expérience de la ville de Fortaleza.
La femme sur les couvertures de la revue française Photo (1967-1990) : d’objet à sujet
Authors: Gerbase Carlos
Published: November 2018

Cet article traite de la manière dont les femmes sont dépeintes sur les couvertures de la revue de photographie française Photo , du lancement de la publication en 1967 jusqu’à 1990, où le phénomène des top-models était déjà bien présent. L’hypothèse est que, au long de cette période, les mannequins sont passés d’une condition d’objets, sans droit à exhiber leur propre nom, à celle de sujets participants de l’acte photographique. L’article examine aussi la possibilité que le mouvement féministe ait contribué à un repositionnement des mannequins, en leur donnant un traitement plus digne, bien que la revue ait continué à travailler dans une perspective voyeuriste. Une analyse quantitative des crédits des femmes sur les couvertures indique, néanmoins, un changement brusque de ces stratégies, répondant à un phénomène de l’univers de la mode, et non à une exigence sociale revendiquée par la force du féminisme.
Marcadores evidenciais em atas do parlamento do Mercosul: uma análise funcionalista
Authors: Lugli Viviane Cristina Poletto , Antonio Juliano Desiderato
Published: November 2018

Este trabalho analisa os verbos de dizer com a função de marcadores evidenciais em língua espanhola em Atas do Parlamento do Mercosul, propondo uma hierarquia de forças entre os verbos. A escolha do gênero Ata se justifica por tratar-se de um tipo de registro documental requerido em muitos contextos profissionais. Os verbos de dizer exercem nos textos do corpus uma função estratégica de fazer referência à fonte das informações proferidas nas Sessões. Por considerarmos a relevância do estudo dos verbos de dizer em gêneros da esfera secretarial, selecionamos para este artigo dados referentes a 10 verbos de dizer integrantes de um corpus constituído por 35 Atas do Parlamento do Mercosul. A realização da pesquisa indicou a relevância do modo de apresentação da fonte de informação no gênero, ao apresentar os seguintes resultados: i) o gênero mobiliza um maior número de verbos declarativos e de verbos que indicam conteúdos de uma esfera de poder, de acordo com a classificação de verbos de Sánchez García (2009); ii) manifesta-se uma alta frequência de marcadores evidenciais de fonte relatada definida, que visa a atribuir maior credibilidade ao enunciado; iv) destacam-se os verbos de dizer codificados com forças [1] e [2] devido ao seu número de ocorrências.
IL-33 Released in the Liver Inhibits Tumor Growth via Promotion of CD4+ and CD8+ T Cell Responses in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Jin Ziqi , Lei Lei , Lin Dandan , Liu Yonghao , Song Yuan , Gong Huanle , Zhu Ying , Mei Yu , Hu Bo , Wu Yan , Zhang Guangbo , Liu Haiyan
Published: November 2018

IL-33 released by epithelial cells and immune cells functions as an alarmin and can induce both type 1 and type 2 immune responses. However, the role of IL-33 release in tumor development is still not clear. In this study, we examined the function of released IL-33 in murine hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) models by hydrodynamically injecting either IL-33–expressing tumor cells or IL-33–expressing plasmids into the liver of tumor-bearing mice. Tumor growth was greatly inhibited by IL-33 release. This antitumor effect of IL-33 was dependent on suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) because it was diminished in ST2−/− mice. Moreover, HCC patients with high IL-33 expression have prolonged overall survival compared with the patients with low IL-33 expression. Further study showed that there were increased percentages and numbers of activated and effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in both spleen and liver in IL-33–expressing tumor-bearing mice. Moreover, IFN-γ production of the CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was upregulated in both spleen and liver by IL-33. The cytotoxicity of CTLs from IL-33–expressing mice was also enhanced. In vitro rIL-33 treatment could preferentially expand CD8+ T cells and promote CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation and IFN-γ production. Depletion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells diminished the antitumor activity of IL-33, suggesting that the antitumor function of released IL-33 was mediated by both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Taken together, we demonstrated in murine HCC models that IL-33 release could inhibit tumor development through its interaction with ST2 to promote antitumor CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses.
Recovery of iron oxide and carbon constituents from blast furnace dry dust
Authors: Andersen N E
Published: November 2018

yes
The free-swelling behaviour of iron oxide pellets
Authors: Price J T , Reeve D A
Published: November 2018

yes
The oil heating association of Canada clean air program noise levels from residential oil burners
Authors: Brown T D
Published: November 2018

Sound pressure levels and octave band frequency analysis of the noise from six residential oil burners operated at three firing rates in four furnaces are reported. Loudness level, speech interference, and total energy dissipation as noise are all shown to be at
a minimum for those burners with the simplest head design. As the firing rate is increased above 0.5 US gph the loudness level for all the burners is observed to increase by about 1 phon per 0.25 US gph. Increases in motor speed lead to increases in loudness level when they are made without any
other design change.
Tests on centrifugal drying of coal from Coal Valley, Alberta
Authors: Rozenhart C F
Published: November 2018

Laboratory tests were carried out on the minus 28 mesh fraction of coal from Coal Valley, Alberta to determine the effects of slimes quantity (-200 mesh), quantity of oil, and temperature on the moisture content of the coal after centrifugal drying. The results
of an Analysis of Variance showed that all three factors are significant in affecting free moisture content of the coal when ground to minus 28 mesh. Increasing the temperature from 4 to 82 °C caused a drop of 2.1% moisture, addition of 2% oil caused a drop of 1.5%, and a decrease
of 7% in the amount of -200 mesh material resulted in a drop of 1.8% moisture on the average.
The hydrodesulphurization and hydrocracking activity of some supported binary metal oxide catalysts
Authors: Parsons B I , Ternan M
Published: November 2018

yes
Pilot-scale combustion trials with Poplar River lignite part ii control of sulphur dioxide emissions by dry lime addition
Authors: Brown T D , Lee G K
Published: November 2018

In the second and final part of a joint Saskatchewan Power Corporation-CANMET lignite evaluation project, a 5-ton sample of Poplar River lignite was burnt in a pulverised-fired, pilot-scale research boiler to determine the effectiveness of lime additions together
with excess combustion air in reducing sulphur dioxide emissions. The addition of ½%wt lime to the fuel had no effect on the SO 2 emissions whereas a 1% wt addition with 5% 02 in the flue gas decreased SO2 emissions below the theoretical level by over 48%; at this condition
25% of the lime input was utilized in neutralizing sulphur. The addition of 1% wt of lime to the fuel had no measurable effect on combustion characteristics, ash-fouling behaviour, low temperature corrosion potential or electrostatic precipitator performance
Combustion evaluation of a commercial soot remover
Authors: Lee G K , Brown T D , Braaten R W
Published: November 2018

The effectiveness of a commercial soot remover in a residential oil-fired warm-air furnace has been investigated in a controlled, laboratory test program. The results show that the soot remover temporarily improved the heat-transfer characteristics of the system
as indicated by the flue-gas temperature for a three day period immediately following its application; this effect was not permanent. The soot build-up on a finned-tube heat reclaimer, installed in the flue pipe, was not affected by the soot remover. Where soot removal did occur, the mechanism of
removal appeared to be by physical separation of the soot from the heat-transfer surfaces rather than by combustion of the deposit. This removal involved chemical reaction between the soot remover and metal surfaces and could give rise to permanent damage to the heat exchanger if the additive were
used repeatedly. The study was undertaken as a part of the EMR - CANMET Fuel Efficiency and Energy Conservation programs.
A comparative evaluation of two oil-fired warm-air furnaces
Authors: Brown T D , Dunfield T J
Published: November 2018

Two oil-fired warm-air furnaces were evaluated in terms of thermal efficiency. Both furnaces had been certified by the Canadian Standards Association; one furnace and burner combination was manufactured by CAPCAN Ltd and incorporated an Aero burner; the second
was manufactured by Beach Foundries Ltd and incorporated a Beach burner. The evaluation showed that the superior thermal performance of the CAPCAN product was due chiefly to the burner performance and only marginally due to the superior heat exchanger performance.
Improved electrostatic precipitator performance by use of flue-gas conditioning agents phase ii: the effects of selected conditioning agents of fly-ash electrical resistivity and electrostatic precipitation efficiency using Luscar coal
Authors: Brown T D , Lee G K
Published: November 2018

Combustion trials in a pulverized-fired pilot-scale (75kg/hr coal) boiler showed that the electrical resistivity of the fly-ash was strongly dependent on the carbon content. At carbon contents below 4% and a flue-gas temperature of 150oC the resistivity was
1012 ohm cm. The corresponding efficiency of a pilot-scale electrostatic precipitator was 85%. Increases in flue-gas temperature to 300°C and in relative humidity to 10% reduced the fly-ash resistivity marginally but did not produce a significant change in precipitator efficiency. The
effects of chemical conditioning agents were found to be strongly dependent on either their acid or alkaline character. Sodium carbonate and ammonia reduced fly-ash resistivity but this was not accompanied by major increases in precipitator efficiency. Sulphur trioxide, sulphuric acid, and sulphamic
acid all reduced the fly-ash resistivity; continued reductions occurred as their addition rates increased. Furthermore, these resistivity reductions were accompanied by significant improvements in electrostatic precipitator efficiency. The effect of sulphamic acid on fly-ash resistivity was a direct
addition of the effects of ammonia and sulphur trioxide but this did not result in the highest precipitator efficiency. The maximum precipitator efficiencies recorded with these conditioning agents were:
Hydroconversion of heavy hydrocarbon oils - prevention of coke deposition in the hot separator
Authors: Denis J M , Logie R B , Pleet M P
Published: November 2018

A method for preventing fouling of petroleum hydrocracking apparatus is disclosed herein by which phase separation of the liquid stream and coke formation from a hydrogenation treatment of heavy hydrocarbon oil is substantially eliminated. The method comprises,
passing the effluent emerging from the hydrogenation zone into a gas-liquid separator (hot separator) where it is separated into a gaseous stream containing hydrogen and vaporous hydrocarbons and a liquid stream containing heavy hydrocarbons. The hot separator is maintained at a temperature between
150 to 500 C and the effluent from the hydrogenation zone enters the separator in a lower region below the liquid level in the separator. The effluent can enter the separator in the lower region from the side or from the bottom, or from the upper region from the side or from the top, requiring
internally a downpipe reaching below the liquid level in the separator. The liquid level in the hot separator is kept at a minimum to achieve a liquid seal and to minimize the residence time of the liquid in the separator. Inserting the effluent stream below the liquid level in the hot separator in
this manner reduces settling of the mineral matter contained in the effluent, prevents phase separation of the hydrocarbon liquid stream, reduces hydrogen starvation preventing polymerization and coking of the hydrocarbon liquid stream and substantially eliminates sludge formation in the hot
separator and plugging of the outlet line.
Exploratory pilotscale combustion trials with oil sands char
Authors: Cyr T J , Friiedrich F D , Jorgensen J
Published: November 2018

Char obtained from the Great Canadian Oil Sands (GCOS) Corporation, Fort McMurray, Alberta, was burned in the Canadian Combustion Research Laboratory (CCRL) pilot-scale research boiler. When the boiler was equipped with a large, refractory-lined bottom, it
duplicated the amount of carbon in fly,ash from the steam generators which burn char at the GCOS plant. This indicates that the research boiler can be used to predict the performance of chars in operating steam generators
Petrographic studies of Hat Creek coals
Authors: Nandi B N , Brown T D
Published: November 2018

yesPetrographic analysis of Hat Creek coal and the fly-ash from pilotscale combustion studies have shown that one of the coals (designated Sample A) is significantly different from the other two in its maceral composition. This coal (A), which contains an
extremely high ash content (75%) contains also a preponderance of the reactive vitrinite maceral. The vitrinite maceral in the other two coals, which had lower ash contents, consisted of almost equal proportions of the reactive vitrinite maceral and the unreactive oxidized vitrinite
maceral.
The effect of fuel aromatic content on soot formation in a no. 2 oil combustion system
Authors: Brown T D , Hayden A C S
Published: November 2018

A residential oil-fired warm air heating furnace (140,000 Btu/hr input) was used to determine the sooting characteristics of a series of No. 2 fuel oil blends. The blends, produced from three normal refinery product streams, contained aromatic levels between
25% and 47%. Under steady running conditions, soot production increased gradually as fuel aromatic content increased; cyclic operation produced a significantly more dramatic increase in soot production. It appears that an increase in aromatic content from 25% to 30% will produce a
tripling of soot-related failures in heating systems operating in "on-off" cyclic modes.
The G-value: application to western Canadian coals
Authors: Gransden J F , Peirce T J , Price J T
Published: November 2018

The G-value is an index of the caking power of a coal used extensively in Germany as an aid in the blending of coals for cokemaking, this report the G-values of western Canadian coals are examined to determine whether this method of predicting coke quality is
applicable.
A pilot-scale combustion evaluation of obed-marsh coal
Authors: Brown T D , Lee G K
Published: November 2018

The combustion performance of beneficiated Obed-Marsh coal was evaluated in a pilot-scale, pulverized-fired research boiler. The coal, which contained 10% total moisture handled and pulverized easily, ignited readily and produced a bright, stable flame. The
coal ash did not slag or sinter on high-temperature boiler surfaces and low-temperature corrosion due to sulphuric acid was barely detected on probe surfaces controlled at 104°C, 121°C and 138°C. The coal, which was very reactive, generated compact, intense flames that produced high
nitric oxide levels. Sulphur oxide emissions were generally less than theoretical because 5% to 20% of the input sulphur was retained in the boiler ash and the fly-ash. The resistivity of the fly-ash, being generally over 1010 ohm cm, indicates that the performance of cold electrostatic
precipitators will be poor; however, this problem can be overcome by either the use of flue gas conditioning agents with the cold precipitators or the use of hot precipitators operating at 400°C.
Petrographic characterization of Great Canadian oil sands coke and fly-ash
Authors: Nandi B N , Belinko K
Published: November 2018

Coke obtained from the Great Canadian Oil Sands delayed coking ' operation at Fort McMurray was separated into coke types and petrographic characterization of these coke types were carried out. The unburnt carbon present in the fly-ash collected from the steam
generators at the GCOS plant . 11 was also examined microscopically. Certain specific coke types were found to be more resistant to burning than others, accounting for the low efficiency , of burning of the pulverized GCOS coke.' The relative efficiency of burning of the various coke types was
determined on a bench-scale combustion apparatus.
An evaluation of the fuel oil additive CV-100 universal combustion catalyst
Authors: Hayden A C S , Whaley H
Published: November 2018

A series of tests to evaluate the fuel oil additive CV-100 were conducted in a small package boiler using No. 2 distillate and No. 6 residual fuel oils as reference fuels. During the tests, each of which were of 48-hours duration, SO2, NO, smoke emission and soot
deposition were measured along with relevant combustion performance parameters. No changes were detected which could be attributed to the use of the additive.
Influence of coking variables on the quality of coke produced in a technical scale coke oven
Authors: Gransden J F , Leeder W R , Botham J C , Whalley B J P
Published: November 2018

yesThe Coal Resource and Processing Laboratory evaluates coking coals by numerous techniques. Coking in technical scale slot-type ovens of 500 and 700 lb capacity that simulate carbonization in industrial ovens, is the ultimate laboratory test of a coking coal or
coal blend and is the subject of this paper. The effect of carbonization variables on the properties of coke made from one industrial coking coal blend using a re-built 18-inch width oven is presented. This study was conducted to determine, for this oven, the influence of coking variables on each
other and on coke quality. The results were used to choose standard test oven operating conditions felt to simulate industrial practice. Cokes produced from the same blend in industrial and technical scale ovens are compared.
An evaluation of Vasconol fuel oil additive
Authors: Whaley H
Published: November 2018

A series of tests to evaluate the fuel oil additive Vasconol were conducted in a small package boiler using No. 6 residual fuel oil as reference fuel. During the tests, each of which were of 48-hours duration, SO2, NO, smoke emission and soot deposition were
measured along with relevant combustion performance parameters. No changes were detected which could be attributed to the use of the additive.
Innovations in cokemaking and the role of the Canadian Carbonization Research Asociation
Authors: Botham J C , Brown T D
Published: November 2018

Coke is the single most costly item in steelmaking. Recent innovations in cokemaking have been directed towards reducing this cost whilst simultaneously improving coke quality and expanding the range of coals used in the process. It is also important to meet
increasingly stringent environmental legislation. Improvements in coke quality have been achieved with novel blend selection procedures, by charge density control using both selective pulverization and partial briquetting and by use of modifying additives. The Canadian Carbonization Research
Association provides a focus for Canadian cokemaking research which has demonstrated these technologies in a series of pilot scale experiments.
Support of underground mine strata with roof bolts
Authors: Grant F
Published: November 2018

Roof bolting has reached a stage of development where it is now a common method of roof control in mines. This support method is one of the innovative means of strata control useful to increased mechanization of the mining cycle and improved safety. Research has
resulted in improvements in roof bolt design for specific strata, installation equipment, patterns or layouts, and optional uses or aides. The economics, speed, labour and safety in roof bolting applications have all received consideration. Despite the widespread use of roof bolt support it appears
that roof bolting crews often do their work with little understanding of the techniques involved in developing strong safe strata support. Conversely there is also little appreciation of the technical factors that make a bolted roof unsafe. This report outlines details of roof bolt research involved
in making exposed mine strata safe for working. Although roof bolts are an effective method of controlling mine strata it is essential to know if the roof is in fact safely supported.
Rapid off-line sulphur analysis of naphtha-gas oil products from the CANMET hydrocracking pilot plant
Authors: Smiley G T , George A E
Published: November 2018

A system for rapid off-line monitoring of sulphur content in the naphtha gas oil products from the CANMET hydrocracking pilot plant was designed, built and tested in the laboratory of "Research on Bituminous ' Materials" section of ERL. The method involved
chromatographic separation of the sulphur components from the products, and subsequent analysis using a flame-photometric detector
Sasol coal liquefaction
Authors: Hardin A H
Published: November 2018

The only major operating coal gasification/liquefaction plant is located at Sasolburg, South Africa. The plant was originally designed and built in the early-to-mid 1950's. It was based on the then state-of-the-art Lurgi gravitating bed gasification process and
the Fisher-Tropsch process. During the past 25 years, the design of the Lurgi reactors has undergone four significant modifications. The fourth generation of gasifiers are being ,installed in the new plant at Sasol II, east of Johannesburg. A fifth generation Lurgi reactor has been tested and will
form the design basis for Sasol III, currently being planned. The original Fisher-Tropsch liquefaction process was based on a fixed-bed, iron carbide pelleted catalyst. This produced too high a molecular weight range of molecules, mainly due to the long liquid/H 2 /C0/catalyst contact times. A
second, fluidized-bed, liquefier was added more recently. This gives a distinctly lower molecular weight range of molecules, i.e. higher gasoline and diesel fractions with lower hard waxes. There is a fairly extensive search for continually more specific catalysts and process design options in both
fixed- and fluidized-bed configurations. There is no apparent effort to develop the technology of homogeneous catalysis or supported homogeneous catalysts.
Current status of the Canadian coal-oil mixture program
Authors: Whaley H
Published: November 2018

yes
Scale-up, design and modelling in coal liquefaction processes - a literature survey to determine the relevance of this information in CANMET process development
Authors: Ranganathan R , Breslauer H , Logie R B , Belinko K , Patmore D
Published: November 2018

yes
Pilot-scale combustion evaluation of beneficiated Tent Mountain-Vicary Creek coal rejects
Authors: Prokopuk R , Whaley H , Lee G K
Published: November 2018

The combustion performance of a 4.5 tonne sample of beneficiated coal reclaimed from Tent Mountain and Vicary Creek refuse piles, was evaluated in a pilot-scale, pulverized-fired research boiler. The coal, which contained <1% total moisture and was
moderately reactive, handled and pulverized easily, ignited readily and produced a bright, stable flame. The coal ash did not slag or sinter on high-temperature boiler surfaces and its potential for low-temperature corrosion was barely detectable. The coal produced moderate levels of nitric oxide
and sulphur oxide emissions were considerably less than current allowable North American guidelines. The resistivity of the fly ash, being generally between 10 11 and 10 12 ohm-cm, indicates that electrostatic precipitation will be more difficult than for higher sulphur coals. The combustion,
fouling and emission characteristics of the beneficiated coal were similar in most respects to those of the bituminous reference coal and a 40:60 beneficiated:reference coal blend.
A differential thermal probe for anticipation of defluidization
Authors: Lau I T , Whalley B J P
Published: November 2018

In batch fluidized beds of caking coals, differential thermocouple (DT) probes were shown to detect incipient defluidization appreciably sooner than pressure probes and with more definite response. Operating factors affecting the temperature of incipient
defluidization and the time between initial and total defluidization (the degree of anticipation), are discussed. The resulting relationships can be qualitatively explained by fluidization and heat transfer theories. Fluidized beds incorporating DT probes would appear to have application to other
materials and to cbaracterization and control of fluidized bed operation.
Operating procedure for carbolite coking oven
Authors: Gransden J F , Price J T , Leeder W R
Published: November 2018

A new Carbolite coking oven was purchased and installed in Edmonton at the Western Research Laboratory of ERL during 1979. The electrically heated oven has a coal capacity of 350 kg and is capable of continuously measuring the coking pressure exerted on its walls
during the carbonization cycle. I This report briefly describes the oven and its installation. A series of oven tests carried out at different coal bulk densities and heating rates and using an industrial coal blend are reported. The results are used to recommend an oven operating procedure which
produces a coke with properties similar to the properties of coke produced industrially from the same coal blend
The FERA/CANMET project part ii: an investigation of the heat transfer and emission characteristics of a barrel-mix emulsion burner
Authors: Whaley H , Prokopuk R , Banks G N , Lee G K
Published: November 2018

The results of a FERA/CANMET cooperative project to investigate the performance of a barrel-mix emulsion burner typically used in the Canadian iron and steel industry are discussed. Steam/oil ratio is shown to be the most significant parameter studied,
particularly with respect to heat transfer. Steam usage can be considerably reduced without adversely affecting this property. Other parameters such as oil and steam temperature and selected burner hardware changes are shown to be insignificant.
An automatic gas sampling device for coal gasification studies
Authors: Fung D P C , Channing M W
Published: November 2018

A multiposition 76-port valve has been demonstrated to be a useful tool for sampling and storing 16 gas samples from a chemical process. When this valve is connected to agas chromatographie unit, the gas samples can be recalled individually and analyzed directly
without additional mechanical handling by the operator. Analyses of two standard calibration gas mixtures are reproducible and agree well with their respective known gas compositions. This combined system has wide application for product analysis in kinetic studies of the chemical reactions involved
in coal gasification, combustion and pyrolysis. The installation and calibration of this sampling device is described in this report.
Bulk sampling of thermal coal exploration in south east British Columbia
Authors: Humeniuk O E
Published: November 2018

A bulk sarnpling program by Rio Algom Lta. in south east British Columbia was carried out in August, 1980 in the Flathead area. Samples of 32.7 t were taken from seams 2 and 4a (upper ) while 21.8 t was taken from 4b (lower). Samples were trucked in bulk to
Calgary, Alberta for washability studies and pi1ot p1ant washing tests. Sampling of the three adits was supervised by the author and Techman Ltd. engineers. Detailed adit crosscut and entry measurements and bearings are reported.
Characterization of solid deposits formed during CANMET hydrocracking
Authors: Belinko K , Ranganathan R , Patmore D J , Logie R B , Breslauer H
E , Khulbe C P
Published: November 2018

Solid deposits formed in the reactor during CANMET hydrocracking were characterized in terms of their visual appearance and by optical microscopy. Typically, two types of deposits were observed: solids on the wall in the top section of the reactor and .plugs
resulting from the collapse of the reactor bed. Deposits on the wall were generally in the form of flakes or blisters along with small lumps of compacted powder. Plugs were either made up of compacted powder or hard coke. The difference between the two types of plugs was in the amount of
agglomerating coke surrounding individual additive particles. The agglomerating coke was microscopically identified to have originated from the feedstock. The occurrence of this coke was postulated to have resulted from entrapment of coke precursors between additive particles at the time of a
reactor bed collapse. Periodic withdrawal of reactor solids was recommended as a means of stabilizing the additive bed in the reactor.
Pilot-scale combustion trials with Onakawana lignite phase ii: fluidized-bed combustor
Authors: Anthony E J , Desai D L , Friedrich F D
Published: November 2018

Onakawana lignite with up to 48 per cent moisture has been successfully burned in a Pilot-Scale Atmospheric Fluid Bed Combustor. Bed parameters such as fluidizing velocity and bed temperature were varied to study their effect on completeness of combustion. Carbon
burn out varied between 95 and 98 per cent without recycle and was enhanced by increasing bed temperature above 900°C. One test was carried out with limestone added to the coal to give a total Ca/S ratio of 3:1. The sulphur dioxide emissions were decreased by 83 per cent. It is concluded that
Onakawana lignite is a highly reactive fuel which will perform well in FBC boilers of conventional design. Emissions of NOx are well below those allowed by the National Guidelines for New Stationary Sources, but SO2 emissions may require control, depending upon the standards which apply. This can be
accomplished easily by the addition of small amounts of limestone.
A combustion evaluation of magna coal in a pilotscale utility boiler
Authors: Whaley H , Prokopuk R , Banks G N , Lee G K
Published: November 2018

The combustion performance of Magna coal was evaluated in a pulverized-coal-fired research boiler. Chemical and petrographic analyses of this coal, which indicated that it could be utilized acceptably as a thermal fuel, were confirmed by the pilot-scale
combustion trials. The 15% moisture coal handled and flowed readily through the pilot-plant conveying systems. Grinding the coal to 70% minus 74 micrometers, a normal operating pulverized coal grind, resulted in easily igniteable, stable flames. The resultant furnace bottom ash consisted
primarily of a sinter-like deposit with slight surface glazing. The superheater deposits were light and powdery with no evidence of fouling. The coal's potential for low-temperature corrosion was minimal, and sulphur dioxide emissions were well below current allowable North American guidelines.
Nitric oxide emissions marginally exceeded these guidelines at excess combustion air levels of 30% and 22%. The resistivity of the fly ash (about 108 to 1011 ohm-cm under typical operating conditions) was in the optimal range for good electrostatic precipitation
Autoclave studies of the effect of the CANMET additive on the extent and nature of coke formed from Petrosar feed (20-pts-80)
Authors: Ng F T T , Khulbe C P , Patmore D J
Published: November 2018

A series of batch autoclave runs were carried out to evaluate the effect of temperature and additive on the production of toluene insolubles, (TI) and asphaltene conversion from Petrosar feed, 20-PTS-80, and to carry out petrographic analyses. The batch autoclave
results indicate that (a) at higher temperature, more TI are produced with or without additive; (b) the additive is more efficient in suppressing TI formation at 425° than at 450° for a variety of feedstocks; (c) the coking propensity of Petrosar feed is not particularly high; (d)
asphaltene is being produced during the autoclave runs; (e) the additive has little effect on the quality and distribution of the distillate fractions.
Supercritical gas extraction of Canadian coals
Authors: Prescott J F , Van Bostelen P , George A E
Published: November 2018

yesA semi-continuous bench scale plant was constructed and commissioned. Samples of high volatile bituminous C coal, subbituminous coal and lignite were extracted with supercritical toluene at 400°c and 1500 psig. The yields of extracted liquids were
17.1%, 13.7% and 15.4% respectively on a dry weight basis. The non-cakin9 free flowing chars remaining _after extraction had higher calorific v.alues on a dry basis than the coa1s from which they were derived. The calorific values of the chars from subbituminous coal were enhanced by
10.4% while that of the chars from lignite were enhanced by 15.7%.
Design analyses of a pitch pyrolyzer
Authors: Skubnik M
Published: November 2018

Pitch derived from hydrocracked Athabasca bitumen and similar high asphaltene and heavy metal containing feedstocks could be a source of liquid hydrocarbons when pyrolyzed prior to gasification. Catalyzed and noncatalyzed pyrolysis in a riser reactor which is a
part of the pitch pyrolysis/gasification system is simulated by a mathematical model using CANMET kinetic data. Based on mathematical simulation the temperature of circulating solids should be higher than 800°C and the ratio of solids to pitch should be greater than 10. Carbon dioxide as
carrier gas compared to steam may decrease the reactor length but at a lower pitch or solids carrying capacity. When developed, a catalyst of similar activity to yA1203 would favourably affect pitch utilization technology. Small scale equipment will pose serious problems related to pitch dispersion
in the reactor to flow control of solids throughout the system particularly in standpipes. To cover the pertinent range of test conditions the length of the PDU riser reactor tube should be at least 18 m.
Coal/oil slurry combustion and tribology - a Canadian experience
Authors: Bruno L , Deshpande A S , Whaley H
Published: November 2018

The Ontario Research Foundation has undertaken various coal slurry combustion RD & D projects during the past several years. The majority of this work was performed under the sponsorship of the Federal Department of Energy, Mines and Resources. The
Ontario Research Foundation has recently completed a comprehensive project directed towards practical retrofitting of existing oil fired industrial systems to coal slurry firing. This paper discusses the technical aspects relating to the wear characteristics of present generation burner fuel
management systems while operating with a typical coal/oil slurry consisting of high ash coal from Eastern Canada. Two 300-hour firing tests were carried out using two industrial burners; one employed external atornization while the other utilized internal atomization. The tests were successfully
carried out in a water tube test boiler originally designed to operate on oil. The major objective of the project was to evaluate the wear characteristics of a fuel delivery system and burner fuel tips employed during the 3OO-hour long duration combustion tests. The test procedures used to evaluate
wear in the fuel nozzles and assess the overall performance of the boiler are presented. Instrumentation used in the tests is discussed. Analyses and evaluations relating to boiler efficiency, carbon conversion, flyash characteristics, ash deposition, particulate and gaseous emissions and wear are
also addressed.
A rapid method for hydrocarbon-type analysis of heavy oils and synthetic fuels by pyrolysis thin layer chromatography
Authors: Poirier M A , George A E
Published: November 2018

Hydrocarbon-type fractions (saturates, aromatics, polynuclear aromatics and polar compounds) from heavy crude oils and synthetic fuels were separated by thin layer chromatography (TLC) on chromarods using a Iatroscan TH-10 analyzer. The best results were obtained
on a silica gel chromarod when n-hexane, 10% benzene in n-hexane and 5% ethyl acetate in benzene were used as developing solvent. A complete analysis of six samples takes 60 min and requires only 60 mg of sample. Separation was applied to pure hydrocarbon mixtures as well as hydrocarbon-type
concentrates isolated from Athabasca bitumen by liquid chromatography. The method is applicable to middle distillates, b.p. 200-350°C, as well as to deasphaltened fractions (malthenes) boiling higher than 350°C. Seven samples of malthenes (pentane-solubles) were analyzed by this method.
Repeatability of the results was compared with that of the USBM-API procedure.
Upgrading of light Arabian vacuum bottoms by the CANMET hydrocracking process: runs 82-CG-225 to 235
Authors: Liu D D S , de Bruijn T J W , Patmore D J
Published: November 2018

Details of Runs 82-CG-225 to 235 are described. The objective of this work was to examine the effect of increased additive iron loading on the process operability. Qualitatively, this work verified that increased the additive iron loading improved operability.
Light Arabian Vacuum Bottoms, 25-ARA-81, and CANMET additive MB-502 and 506 at 2 wt % to 3 wt % were used. The iron concentrations in these additives were about 17 wt %; twice of the normal additive. Experiments were successfully carried out. Only 80.8 g of residue in the reactor were
found.