bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
USE OF VIDEO MATERIALS IN TEACHING ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES
Authors: Chmel V. V.
Published: July 2018

The content of the paper was determined by the problem of multimedia application in teaching English for Specific Purposes. It also deals with the improvement of students’ language skills as well as the development of socio-cultural and communicative competences in engineering students in the course of teaching English for Specific Purposes. The main principles of socio-cultural approach are distinguished. The most efficient multimedia aids are mentioned. The influence of multimedia aids at the English lessons on professional communicative skills of engineering students is analyzed. The teacher’s role in teaching English for Specific Purposes is determined. Preparatory work for demonstrating video films is observed. The paper outlines the classroom activities and evaluates the usefulness of multimedia tools in teaching English for Specific Purposes. The author describes the stages and ways of work with video materials and gives recommendations how to use them in the ESP classroom. It is considered that active implementation of modern technologies has great influence on the teaching and learning process.
Improvement of Performance, Stability, and Continuity by Modified Size-Consistent Multipartitioning QM/MM Method
Authors: Watanabe Hiroshi C.
Published: July 2018

For condensed systems, the incorporation of quantum chemical solvent effects into molecular dynamics simulations has been a major concern. To this end, quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) techniques are popular and powerful options to treat gigantic systems. However, they cannot be directly applied because of temporal and spatial discontinuity problems. To overcome these problems, in a previous study, we proposed a corrective QM/MM method, size-consistent multipartitioning (SCMP) QM/MM, and successfully demonstrated that, using SCMP, it is possible to perform stable molecular dynamics simulations by effectively taking into account solvent quantum chemical effects. The SCMP method is characterized by two original features: size-consistency of a QM region among all QM/MM partitioning and partitioning update. However, in our previous study, the performance was not fully elicited compared to the theoretical upper bound, and the optimal partitioning update protocol and parameters were not fully verified. To elicit the potential performance, in the present study, we simplified the theoretical framework and modified the partitioning protocol.
Optimal Deployment of FiWi Networks using Heuristic Method for Integration Microgrids with Smart Metering
Authors: Inga Esteban , Campaña Miguel , Hincapié Roberto , Moscoso Oswaldo
Published: July 2018

The unpredictable increase in electrical demand affects the quality of theenergy throughout the network. A solution to the problem is the increase of distributedgeneration units which burn fossil fuels.While this is an immediate solution to theproblem the ecosystem gets affected by the emission of CO2.A promising solutionis the integration of Distributed Renewable Energy Sources (DRES) to the conventionalelectrical system, thus, introducing the concept of smart microgrids (SMG) that requirea safe, reliable and technically planned two-way communication system. This documentpresents a heuristic based on planning capable of providing a bidirectional communicationnear optimal route map, following the structure of an hybrid Fiber-Wireless (FiWi) with thepurpose of obtaining information of electrical parameters that help us to manage the useof energy by integrating conventional electrical system to SMG. A FiWi network is basedon the integration of wireless access and optical networks. This integration increases thecoverage and reliability at a lower cost. The optimization model is based on clusteringtechniques, through the construction of balanced conglomerates. The method is used forthe development of the clusters along with the Nearest-Neighbor Spanning Tree Algorithm(N-NST). Additionally, Optimal Delay Balancing (ODB) model will be used to minimizethe end to end delay of each grouping. In addition, the heuristic observes real designparameters such as: capacity and coverage. Using the Dijkstra algorithm, the routes arebuilt following the minimum shorter path. Therefore, this paper presents a heuristic able to plan the deployment of smart meters (SMs) through a tree-like hierarchical topology for theintegration of SMG at the lowest cost.
Verification Platform for Plant AVC Substations based on Digital Simulation Technology
Authors: Li Fuxing , Du Yang , Tang Lei , Liu Enqi , Zhu Jiapei , Zhao Wenbin
Published: July 2018

Generator automatic voltage control device (AVC) is an automatic voltage and reactive power optimization control terminal on the power plant side. Aiming at improving the performance of generator automatic voltage control device, this paper introduces a detection method of AVC substation performance based on virtual dispatching terminal environment. During the testing, the upper computer of redundant power plant is connected to the virtual dispatching terminal environment to simulate the sending instructions of AVC master station, the behavior of AVC sub stations and the excitation system of generators. The performance of AVC substation is evaluated according to the feedback adjustment results, which can effectively detect the abnormal behavior of AVC substation in power plant.
UJI KOMPETENSI DAN PROGRAM SERTIFIKASI BAGI PENDIDIK DAN TENAGA KEPENDIDIKAN PENDIDIKAN LUAR SEKOLAH
Authors: Sutisna Anan
Published: July 2018

The quality of out-of-school education can be improved not only by providing enough facilities and budget or improving the curriculum but also and the most important is by developing the quality of the human resources such as facilitators, instructors, partners, or tutors. This article discusses how competence certification can be used as a means of improving the quality of educators in outofschool education. The competence certification is to be based on the basic competence, competence standards, and competence indicators which are offered in this article.
MOTIVASI KERJA STAF SANGGAR KEGIATAN BELAJAR (SKB) LUBUK BEGALUNG KOTA PADANG
Authors: Devista Nova
Published: July 2018

The working motivation is a very crucial factor in accomplishing the goal of the Centre for Learning Activities program. It is influenced by various internal factors as well as external factors. This study was aimed at disclosing the working motivation of the staff at the Centre for Learning Activities in Lubuk Begalung, and finding out factors influencing the working motivation and efforts that have been practiced by the headmaster to solve various problems. A qualitative approach was utilized to answer the research problems. Data were collected by means of observation, interviews and documentation studies. The main resource person was the headmaster and expanded by a snowball technique. The data were analyzed by techniques as suggested by Miles and Huberman (1992) which consist of data reduction, presentation and drawing conclusions. Validation of data was conducted through triangulation, lengthening the observation and discussion with colleagues. The findings of this study are : (1) the working motivation of the staff of the Centre for Learning Activities is categorized as less satisfactory (2) the working motivation of the staff is influenced by many factors, such as unfavorable working climate, leadership style of the headmaster and uncertainty of reward system, and (3) some efforts that have been practiced by the headmaster are allowing the staff to get advanced degree, directing the staff and warning the staff with low achievement. It is strongly recommended to do more activities and programs to improve the working motivation of the staff.
STANDAR KOMPETENSI TUTOR PENDIDIKAN KEAKSARAAN: REFLEKSI DARI PENGEMBANGAN MODEL DI JAYAGIRI
Authors: Kusmiadi Ade
Published: July 2018

State rules No. 19, 2005 on National Education Standards has defined eight criteria as a reference in developing education in all areas. One criterion is regarding standards on educators and educational personnel. The term educators may refer to teachers, instructors, and tutors. The later is applied to literacy education area in NFE. Tutors are to have background on pedagogy, good personality, good social relationships and be professional. These competencies are of minimum requirements. The article discusses a model on tutor’s competencies which reflect their expected performances, and their supporting subcomponents as well as attached elements.
PERENCANAAN DIKLAT BAGI PTK-PNF
Authors: Samto Samto
Published: July 2018

The improvement of the quality of nonformal educators and educational personnel of nonformal educators can be conducted in several ways. One of them is through training programs. Trainings are effective, though they need a lot of financial support. In order to be effective, budget regarding the training programs should be carefully planned. The diversity of educators and educational personnel affect the structure of training curricula. In order to solve problems in practice, the design of the curricula should be needs-oriented. This would result a competency-based, goalbased curricula, and problem-based curricula.
KEMAMPUAN PENILIK DALAM MELAKSANAKAN TUGAS POKOK DITINJAU DARI KEPUTUSAN MENPAN NO.15/KEP/MENPAN/3/2002
Authors: Sappaile Baso Intang
Published: July 2018

The decentralization policy stipulated in the Constitution of Number 22 of 1999 gives impact to many aspects of government management including in education. This research investigates the assessorâ€™s competence in implementing their main tasks based on the decree of Number 15/KEP/MENPAN/3/2002 and the obstacles in implementing the decree. The research conducted in East Java covering four districts used qualitative approach and the data were collected by interview and document study. The result of this research concludes that the assessorâ€™s competence has not completely met the requirements stated in the Ministerâ€™s decree. Local government has given support in implementing the Ministerâ€™s decree. However, the problems faced include the lack of assessorsâ€™ competences, unclear criteria for professional assessorâ€™s formation based on work load, and the inability of the assessors to count their working credits.
AKSELERASI PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI PENDIDIK DAN TENAGA KEPENDIDIKAN NONFORMAL
Authors: Mulyana Enceng
Published: July 2018

This article discusses various steps to increase the competence of PTK-PNF. First, it describes the roles of non-formal education in the national education system and the existing problems in the non-formal education. Then, the strategies to accelerate the competencies of PTK-PNF are introduced to cover the basic competencies and mapping of PTK-PNF. Further, the model of acceleration and need analysis to improve the competencies of PTK-PNF and the model of controlling the quality of the competence are elaborated and a set of controlling principles are identified. The article concludes that accelerating the competencies of PTK-PNF is an urgent need and can not be avoided to achieve the objectives of national education. This could be done through pre-service training, inand on-service trainings or distance learning programs. Total Quality Management and Professional Approach are recommended to be implemented continuously in each program.
STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN DAN EFIKASI DIRI WARGA BELAJAR TERHADAP CAPAIAN BELAJAR
Authors: Waspodo Muktiono
Published: July 2018

Within non-formal context where a tutor plays an important role, this article discusses some instructional strategies and the learnerâ€™s self efficacy. After four learning principles are identified, learning achievement in non-formal education is defined. Having reviewed a number of instructional strategies, it elaborates the concept of self efficacy which covers performance experience, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, and physiological state. Referring to some research reports, it concludes that there is positive causal relationship between efficacy and learning achievement. This article concludes that in selecting instructional strategies, the tutors should consider the learnersâ€™ efficacy and it gives the tutors and the supervisors a set of suggestions in relation to planning, organizing, and supervising the instructional process in the classroom.
MEMBANGUN ORGANISASI YANG EFEKTIF MELALUI PERENCANAAN STRATEGIS YANG MEMADAI: KAJIAN PADA UPTD SKB
Authors: Sadid Agus
Published: July 2018

The effectiveness of an organization to empower all its human resources much depends on the capability of the manager to manage the resources to complete both the goals and the objectives of the organization. This article describes how to develop an effective organization of learning center, such as SKB. It also discusses the relationship between strategic planning and an effective SKB. This article concludes (1) developing an effective SKB depends on the commitment and consistency, leaderships and the unity of perception, as well as the mission and vision of all managers in SKB; and (2) to obtain the objectives, all capacity of resources should be benefited optimally. Some advantages of having strategic planning for SKB are identified as (1) helping to focus on program, (2) giving guidelines to reach the goal, (3) developing rational frameworks, and (4) evaluating and identifying all possible obstacles.
Variation in Cytosine Methylation among Pecan Cultivars at Different Developmental Stages
Authors: Liu Zhuang-Zhuang , Chen Tao , Peng Fang-Ren , Liang You-Wang , Tan Peng-Peng , Mo Zheng-Hai , Cao Fan , Shang Yang-Juan , Zhang Rui , Li Yong-Rong
Published: July 2018

Cytosine methylation plays important roles in regulating gene expression and modulating agronomic traits. In this study, the fluorescence-labeled methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism (F-MSAP) technique was used to study variation in cytosine methylation among seven pecan (Carya illinoinensis) cultivars at four developmental stages. In addition, phenotypic variations in the leaves of these seven cultivars were investigated. Using eight primer sets, 22,796 bands and 950 sites were detected in the pecan cultivars at four stages. Variation in cytosine methylation was observed among the pecan cultivars, with total methylation levels ranging from 51.18% to 56.58% and polymorphism rates of 82.29%, 81.73%, 78.64%, and 79.09% being recorded at the four stages. Sufficiently accompanying the polymorphism data, significant differences in phenotypic traits were also observed among the pecan cultivars, suggesting that cytosine methylation may be an important factor underlying phenotypic variation. Hypermethylation was the dominant type of methylation among the four types observed, and full methylation occurred at higher levels than did hemimethylation in the pecan genomes. Cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) identified Dice coefficients ranging from 0.698 to 0.778, with an average coefficient of 0.735, and the variance contribution rates of the previous three principal coordinates were 19.6%, 19.0%, and 18.2%, respectively. Among the seven pecan cultivars, four groups were clearly classified based on a Dice coefficient of 0.75 and the previous three principal coordinates. Tracing dynamic changes in methylation status across stages revealed that methylation patterns changed at a larger proportion of CCGG sites from the 30% of final fruit-size (30%-FFS) stage to the 70%-FFS stage, with general decreases in the total methylation level, the rate of polymorphism, and specific sites being observed in each cultivar. These results demonstrated that the F-MSAP technique is a powerful tool for quantitatively detecting cytosine methylation in pecan genomes and provide a new perspective for studying many important life processes in pecan.
Proteins Involved in Energy Metabolism and Oxidative Regulation Associated with Genotypic Variations in Drought Tolerance for Tall Fescue
Authors: Sun Jianming , Liu Yiming , Li Xianglin , Huang Bingru
Published: July 2018

Protein metabolism plays an important role in plant adaptation to drought stress. The objective of this study was to identify drought-responsive proteins associated with differential drought tolerance for a tolerant genotype (RU9) and a sensitive genotype (RU18) of tall fescue (Lolium arundinacea). Plants of both genotypes were grown under well-watered conditions or subjected to drought stress by withholding irrigation for 12 days in a growth chamber controlled at the optimal growth temperatures of 23/18 °C (day/night). Physiological analysis demonstrated that RU9 was relatively more drought tolerant than RU18, as shown by the higher leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and photochemical efficiency at 12 days of drought treatment. Differentially expressed proteins between RU9 and RU18 exposed to drought stress were identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry (MS). Several proteins [photosystem I reaction center subunit II, Rubisco small subunit, and Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GADPH)] in photosynthesis, respiration, or oxidative regulation exhibited higher abundance in RU9 than RU18 under drought stress. These results suggested the critical importance of energy and oxidative metabolism in tall fescue adaptation to drought stress. Those abundant proteins in the drought-tolerant genotype could be used as biomarkers or developed to molecular markers to develop elite drought-tolerant germplasm in tall fescue and other cool-season perennial grass species.
Fruit Load Limits Root Growth, Summer Vegetative Shoot Development, and Flowering in Alternate-bearing ‘Nadorcott’ Mandarin Trees
Authors: Stander Ockert P.J. , Barry Graham H. , Cronjé Paul J.R.
Published: July 2018

The objectives of this study were to improve the understanding of the mechanism of alternate bearing and the role of carbohydrates in ‘Nadorcott’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata) trees. Selected phenological responses were measured in natural heavy- (“on”) and low-fruiting (“off”) ‘Nadorcott’ mandarin trees grown under commercial South African production conditions. The relationships with seasonal leaf and root carbohydrate concentrations were evaluated at the shoot-, branch- and tree level over two seasons. Fruit load [R2 = (−)0.80 and R2 = (−)0.73 in seasons 1 and 2, respectively; (P < 0.01)] and the number of newly developed vegetative shoots [R2 = 0.81 and R2 = 0.78 in seasons 1 and 2, respectively; (P < 0.01)] were the most important determinants of return bloom. Sprouting of a higher number of new vegetative shoots from “off” trees compared with “on” trees (“off” = 863 and 1439 vs. “on” = 306 and 766) was not related to leaf carbohydrate concentration. Root sugar concentration peaked during full bloom and higher root growth activity was observed before a higher number of new vegetative shoots developing in “off” trees during summer. The root sugar concentration early in the season was ≈3-fold lower, and root and shoot growth were absent, or lower in “on” trees compared with “off” trees. These results concur with previous research and confirm that fruit load in “on” trees inhibits summer vegetative shoot development, which manifests in poor flowering and an “off” year. This study shows that fruit are the major carbohydrate sink and probably disturb the balance between vegetative shoot development and root growth by limiting carbohydrate allocation to roots.
Institutional WASH in the SDGs: data gaps and opportunities for national monitoring
Authors: Chatterley Christie , Slaymaker Tom , Badloe Chander , Nouvellon Alban , Bain Robert , Johnston Rick
Published: July 2018

The inclusion of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in non-household settings in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) elicits the need for data to track progress over time. This review focuses on schools and health care facilities, and seeks to: (1) assess the availability of SDG baseline data for ten case study countries; (2) evaluate the extent to which existing national data allow monitoring against the SDG criteria; and (3) identify opportunities to improve the availability and quality of data for SDG monitoring. While none of the ten countries could provide all of the data needed to establish comprehensive SDG baselines, every country had information on at least some of the indicators. Education Management Information Systems (EMIS) currently provide the majority of national data on WASH in schools and, in many cases, could be aligned with the SDG criteria with only minor changes. Far fewer data are available for health care facilities. Health Management Information Systems (HMIS) provide a potential entry point for national monitoring. However, where HMIS are administered monthly, annual data collection instruments, such as facility inventory surveys, may be more appropriate. These findings have implications for monitoring WASH in other settings, such as workplaces and prisons.
Modeling impacts of climate and land use change on streamflow, nitrate, and ammonium in the Kor River, southwest of Iran
Authors: Vaighan Amir Asadi , Talebbeydokhti Nasser , Bavani Alireza Massah , Whitehead Paul
Published: July 2018

This study examined the separate and combined impacts of future changes in climate and land use on streamflow, nitrate and ammonium in the Kor River Basin, southwest of Iran, using the representative concentration pathway 2.6 and 8.5 scenarios of the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Different land use and climate change scenarios were used and the streamflow, nitrate and ammonium in the future period (2020–2049) under these scenarios were simulated by Integrated Catchment Model for Nitrogen (INCA–N). Results indicated that climate change will increase streamflows and decrease nitrate and ammonium concentrations in summer and autumn. Land use changes were found to have a little impact on streamflows but a significant impact on water quality, particularly under an urban development scenario. Under combined scenarios, larger seasonal changes in streamflows and mixed changes of nitrate and ammonium concentrations were predicted.
Faecal contamination in public pools in Barcelona province: Cryptosporidium spp. and bacterial indicators
Authors: Gracenea M. , Castaño S. , Méndez J. , Lucena F. , Gómez M. S.
Published: July 2018

A study was conducted of the occurrence of Cryptosporidium in indoor heated public swimming pools and of three bacterial indicators (Escherichia coli, faecal enterococci and Clostridium perfringens) on pool surrounds. Although all examined pools adhered strictly to the Spanish regulations, the influence of several parameters related to water conditions, pool structure, users and location on the presence of protozoa and bacteria was analysed. Cryptosporidium was detected in 18.8% of pools in 60% of the five towns studied. The maximum concentration was 13 oocysts/L in one swimming pool and one Jacuzzi. The bacterial indicators' prevalence on pool surrounds was higher than 50%, being present in all of the towns. Plastic surfaces presented the lowest bacterial prevalence, whereas painted surfaces were 100% positive. No differences were observed for pool surrounds with autonomous or disabled users. Risk of cryptosporidiosis in pool vessels indicated that concentrations over 1 oocyst/10 L enhance the risk of infection, even in one exposure. Guidelines for managing faecal accidents and public information on the importance of good hygiene behaviours in and around swimming pools are recommended to limit oocysts' presence.
The effect of facial fractures on mouth opening range: a case series
Authors: Borba Alexandre Meireles , Porto Alessandra Nogueira , Santini Andreia , Santos Thiago Iafelice dos , Miloro Michael , Borges Alvaro Henrique , Pedro Fabio Luiz Miranda
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Facial fractures can result in limitation of mouth opening range, which consequently leads to functional impairments. Objective: To identify the influence of facial fractures and their corrective surgery on mouth opening range. Material and methods: Consecutive patients submitted to maxillofacial surgery had their mouth opening range measured at four different moments: preoperative (T0), immediate post-operative (within 24 hours afteroperation) (T1), one-week post-operative (T2) and one-month postoperative (T3). Eighteen subjects composed the sample, majorly represented by male gender, fractures caused by direct trauma as in traffic accidents, age among 21-30 years old and presenting mandible fracture. Results: Mouth opening at T0 demonstrated a mean value of 26.63 mm, T1 decreased to a mean of 22.59 mm, T2 mean value evolved to 26.42 mm and T3 displayed mean value of34.57 mm. Statistical evaluation demonstrated overall significance forthe comparison among all different periods, particularly for isolated mandible fractures, except between T0 and T2. Conclusion: It can be suggested that fracture itself and surgery for its correction have a negative effect on mouth opening range; however, the capacity of mouth opening presents signs of recovery since the first post-operative week, with notable progression until one month after surgery.
Two-year clinical performance of cast post and core self-adhesive cementation
Authors: Gontarski Igor Alessando , Pomini Marcos Cezar , Cenci Sthelen Nayara , Gomes Giovana Mongruel , Pinheiro Lidia Olga Bach , Samra Adriana Postiglione Buhrer
Published: July 2018

Introduction and Objective: Endodontically treated teeth commonly present extensive tissue loss, requiring the use intraradicular posts, which provide retention for a coronal rehabilitation. Cast post and cores (CPCs) have been traditionally used in cases of marked tooth tissue loss. Case report: This case report describes two cast post and cores and subsequent rehabilitation by metal ceramic crowns. The patient was followed-up at intervals of 12 and 24 months after the rehabilitation. The posts were cemented within the root canal with self-adhesive resin cement, in a way that guarantees a perfect sealing of the root and remains stable in the oral environment. Conclusion: Self-adhesive cements are a one-step material capable of providing additional chemical adhesion to the metal, creating a monoblock, quality not found in conventional resin cements, where the adhesion occurs only in the dentin-cement interface.
Progressive Spatial Memory Impairment, Brain Amyloid Deposition and Changes in Serum Amyloid Levels as a Function of Age in APPswe/PS1dE9 Mice
Authors: Fu Lu , Sun Yao , Guo Yongqing , Yu Bin , Zhang Haihong , Wu Jiaxin , Yu Xianghui , Wu Hui , Kong Wei
Published: July 2018

Background:

Mice co-expressing human amyloid precursor protein with the Swedish mutation
(APPswe) and exon-9-deleted presenilin (PS1dE9) has become one of the most widely used mouse
models for studying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis and preclinical studies of AD therapeutic
approaches.

Objective:

In this study, we systematically investigated cognitive decline, amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition
and cerebral or Aβ serum levels as well as the relationships among these measures in APPswe/PS1dE9
transgenic mice.

Method:

APPswe/PS1dE9 mice were separated into four equal age cohorts (4, 6, 9, and 12 months). We
assessed cognitive capacity, deposited plaques, and the levels of Aβ40/Aβ42 in brain tissue and serum of
mice at different ages.

Results:

APPswe/PS1dE9 mice exhibited declined memory beginning at 6 months of age, with cognitive
capacity remarkably impaired at 12-months. Coincidently, amyloid deposits began to develop in transgenic
mice brain at 6-months and increased with age. In addition, Aβ42 levels in brains of APPswe/
PS1dE9 mice increased with age with no parallel increase in Aβ40. The concentration of serum
Aβ42 declined from 4 to 6 months of age, but a similar age-dependent decrease was not observed for
Aβ40.

Conclusion:

APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice began to develop amyloid plaques at 6 months of age and
exhibited a corresponding impairment of spatial learning capacity. Serum Aβ42 level decreased remarkably
from 4 to 6 months, at which stage Aβ42 began to accumulate in the brain and deposit as
plaques.
Early Versus Late Removal of Internally Fixated Kirschner’s Wires for Displaced Lateral Condyle Fracture of Humerus in Children
Authors: Sapkota Hari Prasad , Rokaya Poojan K , Rawal Mangal , Karki Dhan Bahadur , Limbu Deoman
Published: July 2018

Introduction:

Lateral condyle fracture of the distal humerus is the second most common paediatric elbow fracture. Unstable, rotated and displaced (>2 mm) fractures are managed with open reduction and internal fixation with Kirschner’s wires or screws. Debate persists as for how long the Kirschner’s wires should be placed in situ after internal fixation. We aimed to compare the functional and radiological outcome after early versus late removal of internally fixated Kirschner’s wires for displaced lateral condyle fracture of distal humerus.

Methods:

Children that underwent early (3-4 weeks) or late (5-7 weeks) removal of Kirschner’s wire after open reduction and internal fixation for displaced lateral condyle fracture of humerus were observed for a period of minimum 6 months. Time to radiological union, carrying angle, range of motion was assessed and compared between early and late group. Functional outcome was compared using the Dhillon scoring system.

Results:

We report the outcome of 40 cases (20 cases in each early and late group). Radiological union was achieved in all the cases of both group at 12 weeks follow up. The mean loss of carrying angle was statistically insignificant (p = 0.394) between the early and late group. There was no significant difference between the early and late group in relation to arc of motion at 12 weeks (p=0.724) and 6 months (p=0.638) follow up. Using the Dhillon scoring system, there was 100% excellent Dhillon score in early group, 80% excellent and 20% good Dhillon score in late group. Functional outcome was statistically insignificant between the two groups (p = 0.106)

Conclusion:

Early removal of internally fixated K-wires for displaced lateral condyle fracture of humerus in children showed similar radiological and functional results to late removal.
Thermal Performance of Resource-Efficient Geopolymeric Mortars Containing Phase Change Materials
Authors: Kheradmand M. , Pacheco-Torgal F. , Azenha M.
Published: July 2018

Background:

Energy efficiency is not only the most cost effective way to reduce emissions but also a way to improve competitiveness and create employment. Geopolymeric mortars containing phase change materials-PCMs have a twofold positive impact concerning eco-efficiency. On one hand, the mortars are based on industrial waste contributing for resource efficiency. And on the other hand, PCM based mortars have the capacity to enhance the thermal performance of the buildings.

Objective:

This paper reports experimental results on the thermal performance of geopolymeric mortars containing different percentages of phase-change materials-PCMs.

Method:

Five groups of alkali-activated based mortars with different PCM percentages were produced and placed on a panel within a small scale prototype for thermal performance testing.

Results:

The results show that the thermal conductivity of the mortars decreased with the increase in the percentage of the PCM.

Conclusion:

Thermal performance of the PCM based mortars allowed for a stronger attenuation of the temperature amplitudes. Both for heating and cooling loads.
Patrones moleculares asociados a patógenos – ¿héroes o villanos en Nanomedicina?
Authors: López Marín Luz María , Valdemar Aguilar Carlos Manuel
Published: July 2018

En nanomedicina, el destino de nanopartículas al interior de un organismo se encuentra fuertemente influenciado por la respuesta del hospedero. Para muchas aplicaciones biomédicas, el reconocimiento de nanopartículas por el sistema inmune constituye uno de los principales problemas: los glóbulos blancos reconocen agentes extraños (incluyendo nanopartículas) y son capaces de destruirlos en el plazo de unos cuantos segundos. Por el contrario, un creciente número de intervenciones terapéuticas se basa en la activación del sistema inmune, cuya disfunción es causa de muchas enfermedades, incluyendo infecciones y cáncer. Mediante la nanotecnología es posible incidir en esta última vertiente, es decir en la activación de la inmunidad. En este artículo se presenta un breve panorama del sistema inmune, con énfasis en una clase de proteínas dedicadas a reconocer microorganismos patógenos de manera inmediata. Las moléculas microbianas reconocidas por dichas proteínas, conocidas como patrones moleculares asociados a patógenos, serán también presentadas. Finalmente, se discutirá la ambivalencia de estas moléculas en la relación nanofármaco-huésped, desde su tradicional figura como factores citotóxicos, a su rol emergente como potentes activadores en el campo de las nanovacunas.
Parents’ perceptions on previous and current science education system in Japan
Authors: Fomichova Kseniya , Misonou Taku
Published: July 2018

Parents’ views, beliefs, and experiences greatly affect children’s attitudes toward education. The research aimed to identify the parents’ perception in the past, present, and their desired priorities in science education as well as investigated the adolescents’ perceptions based on gender and academic performance on science. As a survey study, this research relied on a questionnaire as the primary method of data collection which the data gained then was analysed by using statistical descriptive (percentage). The results showed that the priorities in education have shifted toward physics and chemistry in recent decades. Moreover, biology and earth science were found to be perceived as ‘easy’ and ‘secondary’ areas in comparison to the ‘superior’ ones (physics and chemistry). This has been strengthened by the critical situation for earth science, as the education system of Japan often does not al low the students to select it. Thus, the parents wished for a more balanced system. There was a difference in adolescents’ perceptions of science areas based on gender and academic performance. Physics and chemistry were associated with boys and top performers, while biology and earth science were supposed to ‘fit’ girls and low performers.
Patología del trasplante hepático, aspectos más relevantes del período postrasplante tardío
Authors: López Panqueva Rocio del Pilar
Published: July 2018

La sobrevida de los pacientes postrasplante hepático supera el 90% al año y el 75% a los 5 años. Entender las causas de pérdida del injerto, o inclusive la muerte del paciente, es esencial para mejorar aún más los resultados a largo plazo. La evaluación de las biopsias hepáticas tiene un papel importante en la explica- ción y manejo de la disfunción del injerto de hígado, que ocurre después del primer año del trasplante. La interpretación de estas biopsias puede ser muy difícil, en especial por la alta incidencia de enfermedades recurrentes que pueden mostrar un cuadro clínico y unas características histopatológicas que semejan varias condiciones, especialmente cuando el rechazo agudo o crónico pueden sobreponerse a una patología ya existente o presentarse de manera simultánea y contribuir a la disfunción tardía del injerto, por lo que el análisis de la biopsia puede ayudar a determinar el componente principal de la lesión. Es indispensable la correlación clínico patológica, teniendo en cuenta la enfermedad original, el tipo de inmunosupresión, las pruebas de función hepática, las serologías virales, los autoanticuerpos y los hallazgos radiológicos. En este artículo comentaré las patologías más frecuentes y las que causan más problemas en su diagnóstico durante el período postrasplante tardío.
Factores pronósticos asociados con mortalidad en pacientes cirróticos con sangrado varicoso en dos hospitales de Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Martínez Julián David , Garzón Olarte Martín Alonso , Rey Tovar Mario Humberto , Hernández Geovanny , Beltrán Óscar Alfredo , Ceballos Jorge , Ponce de León Enrique , Varón Puerta Adriana
Published: July 2018

Antecedentes: el 90% de los pacientes cirróticos desarrollará várices esofágicas, y en algún momento de su vida, el 30% de ellos sangrará. Objetivo: identificar los factores pronósticos asociados con mortalidad en cirróticos con sangrado digestivo varicoso. Método: se presenta una cohorte retrospectiva de pacientes con sangrado digestivo varicoso en un período de 30 meses. Resultados: se presentan 63 pacientes (33 hombres y 30 mujeres), de 56 años (desviación estándar [DE] 16 años) de edad media. El 52,4% tenía una clase funcional Child-Pugh B. El promedio de hospitalización fue de 10 días. De estas, 12 (19%) fallecieron; el choque hipovolémico (p = 0,033) y la transfusión de glóbulo rojos (p = 0,05) estuvieron relacionados con la mortalidad. En el análisis bivariado, la variable más relacionada con la mortalidad fue el compromiso funcional hepático Child-Pugh C (p = 0,00). Las comparacio- nes de las variables numéricas encontraron que el valor de creatinina; media 1,74 mg/dL (p = 0,043); y la duración de la hospitalización; media de 10 días (p = 0,057); fueron superiores en los pacientes fallecidos. En los análisis bivariados, las variables Child-Pugh C (Exp(B) = 0,068; p = 0,002) y creatinina (Exp(B) = 0,094; p = 0,034) se mantuvieron estadísticamente relacionadas con el desenlace de interés. Conclusiones: la mortalidad del paciente con sangrado varicoso en este estudio es comparable con los estándares internacionales actuales. La enfermedad hepática avanzada y una función renal deteriorada están relacionadas con mayor mortalidad, razón por la cual los pacientes con predictores de mortalidad presentes durante la descompensación por sangrado varicoso ameritan una vigilancia estrecha e intervenciones tempranas para evitar desenlaces negativos.
Hepatotoxicidad por isoniazida en un paciente con enfermedad de Crohn. Reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Reyes Gustavo Adolfo , Carvajal Germán David , Tapias Mónica Lorena , Sabbagh Luis Carlos
Published: July 2018

La isoniazida se utiliza para el tratamiento o profilaxis de la tuberculosis; sin embargo, su uso puede aso- ciarse con reacciones hepáticas adversas. La hepatitis clínicamente manifiesta sucede en 0,5%-1% de los pacientes que reciben isoniazida como monoterapia. En este artículo se describe el caso de un paciente con enfermedad de Crohn que cursó con hepatotoxicidad grave por isoniazida, y se hace una revisión de la literatura al respecto.
Tablas de normalidad de la población en Cuba para las pruebas psicométricas utilizadas en el diagnóstico de la encefalopatía hepática mínima
Authors: Padilla Ruiz Maykel Alain
Published: July 2018

Objetivos: la encefalopatía hepática mínima constituye el estadio subclínico previo al desarrollo de encefalopa- tía hepática clínica en el paciente cirrótico, además de asociarse con un deterioro de la calidad de vida de estos pacientes y con un riesgo incrementado de accidentes laborales e incapacidad de conducción de vehículos. El Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score es considerado actualmente el método diagnóstico de elección en el diagnóstico de la EHM. El objetivo de este trabajo fue diseñar las tablas de normalidad del PHES para la población cubana. Población y métodos: se estudió una muestra conformada por 520 personas sanas de las provincias de Villa Clara, Sancti Spíritus y Cienfuegos. Las mismas realizaron las 5 pruebas incluidas en el PHES. Se analizaron las variables edad, sexo, años de escolarización, procedencia y consumo diario de alcohol. Mediante la prueba de la t de Student, ANOVA y el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, se realizó el análisis univariante. Se efectuó un análisis de regresión lineal múltiple para cada prueba, y se construyeron las tablas de normalidad. Resultados: en el análisis multivariante (regresión lineal múltiple) la edad y los años de escolarización fueron las 2 variables independientes relacionadas con el rendimiento en cada una de las cinco pruebas. Conclusión: la disponibilidad de las tablas de normalidad del PHES permitirá contar con un método diagnóstico de referencia aplicable a los pacientes cubanos con cirrosis hepática, sin la necesidad de configurar grupos controlados por la edad y el nivel de escolaridad regionalmente.
Tratamiento de las várices gástricas con cianoacrilato, experiencia institucional
Authors: Prieto Robin , Carvajal Germán , Álvarez Eligio , Aponte Diego , Sabbagh Luis
Published: July 2018

La principal causa de hemorragia de vías digestivas altas es la enfermedad ulcerosa del estómago y/o duo- deno (Enfermedad ulceropéptica). Cada vez y con mayor frecuencia se presentan pacientes con sangrado originado en várices gástricas, quizás debido al número creciente de pacientes que las presentan como una secuela de la hipertensión portal causada a su vez por problemas hepáticos, especialmente por la cirrosis. Las opciones actuales de tratamiento de las várices gástricas incluyen desde métodos preventivos o profilác- ticos, hasta los propiamente terapéuticos mediante el uso de medicamentos (vasopresina, somatostatina y sus análogos), las derivaciones portosistémicas transyugulares (TIPS, por sus siglas en inglés) los métodos endoscópicos y la cirugía. Los métodos endoscópicos incluyen el uso de bandas y de inyección de sustancias esclerosantes, o de sustancias obturativas como el N-Butyl-2-cianoacrilato (Histoacryl®). Desde hace poco tiempo, y basados en la literatura cada vez con mejores niveles de evidencia y grados de recomendación, he- mos empezado a usar el cianoacrilato en la Clínica Universitaria Colombia. Presentamos nuestra casuística y realizamos una revisión del tema.
Caste, Costs and Educational Access in Rural Punjab
Authors: Tamim Tayyaba
Published: July 2018

 

This paper is based on some key findings of an original research carried out to explore the issue of inequitable access to education within caste-based social structures in rural Punjab, Pakistan. Data from 36 interviews with low and high caste parents, school heads and four key informant focus groups in two villages in southern and central Punjab revealed that schooling costs remained difficult to manage for the poorest low-castes despite provision of government sponsored free schools. Bourdieu’s social critical framework used with specific reference to his notion of capitals reveals processes of social reproduction. The economic
capital transubstantiates into social and cultural capital, refracting into schooling costs that are not just economic but also temporal, psychological and social for the lowest caste groups. This limits the impact of economic subsidies offered by the government for expanding educational access. The paper contributes to the current literature by arguing that policies aimed at equitable educational access must conceptualize educational costs as multidimensional, just as poverty itself is not just economic but multifaceted.

 
English for Specific Purposes: Designing an EAP Course for Computer Science Students
Authors: Irshad Isra , Anwar Behzad
Published: July 2018

The aim of this study was to design English for Academic Purposes (EAP) course for University students enrolled in the Computer Science Department. For this purpose, academic English language needs of the students were analyzed by using a 5 point Likert scale questionnaire. Additionally, interviews were also conducted with four faculty members of the department and the data were analyzed qualitatively. Thus, mixed methods were used for collection and analyses of data. The results of the analysis of questionnaire and interviews indicate that the four language skills, namely listening, speaking, reading and writing are frequently used in students’ academic context and among the four, speaking is the most frequently used skill. Students are deficient in writing and speaking skills as compared to listening and reading; therefore, speaking and writing should be given preference while designing the syllabus.
Orbiting triangle method for convex polygon triangulation
Authors: Masovic Sead , Elshaarawy Islam , Stanimirovic Predrag , Krtolica Predrag
Published: July 2018

Finding all possible triangulations of convex polygon is a highly time and memory space consuming combinatorial problem. Therefore, it is very important to develop algorithms for generating triangulations as efficiently as possible. This paper presents a new method for generating triangulations of a convex polygon, called Orbiting triangle method (OTM). The method is based on using the set of (n-1)-gon triangulations during the set of n-gon triangulations creation. The main feature of the OTM algorithm is the use of the Catalan triangle to identify valid triangulations, so that the algorithm spends almost no time to eliminate duplicates. In this way, the method possesses small complexity and saves the computational time required for detecting and eliminating duplicates.
Tablets of soy protein-alginate microparticles with Lactobacillus casei 01: Physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties
Authors: Hadzieva Jasmina , Glavas-Dodov Marija , Simonoska-Crcarevska Maja , Koprivica Blagorodna , Dimchevska Simona , Geskovski Nikola , Petreska-Ivanovska Tanja , Petrushevska-Tozi Lidija , Goracinova Katerina , Mladenovska Kristina
Published: July 2018

The aim of the study was to develop direct-compress-tablets of microencapsulated probiotic Lactobacillus casei 01 in soy protein-alginate microparticles and excipients able to provide probiotic delivery near the colon. Considering their physicochemical properties, all series of tablets prepared met the requirements of the Ph Eur 9.0. The compaction of the probiotic loaded microparticles caused viability decrease up to 1.5 log cycles. The tablets containing Methocel K100M showed higher potential for preserving probiotic viability in simulated gastrointestinal fluids within 4 h and retarding its release in the intestinal stage, maintaining the required minimum of viable probiotic cells above 107 CFU per gram of tablet. In addition, acceptable storage stability (viability of probiotic above 106 CFU/g) at 25?C/60% relative humidity for 42 days was observed. In conclusion, novel tablet dosage forms of microencapsulated L. casei 01 were prepared with high potential for preserving probiotic viability in simulated gastrointestinal fluids and retarding its release in the lower intestine. Further research is needed to optimize the formulation and process parameters in order to obtain tablets with probiotic viability over long storage periods.
Optimal selection of two-phase tube-side heat transfer model for small-scale LNG spiral wound heat exchanger
Authors: Sun Chongzheng , Li Yuxing , Han Hui , Zhu Jianlu
Published: July 2018

Small-scale devices of liquefied natural gas (LNG) have been widely applied in the natural gas industries, especially for stranded gas production. As the key equipment of LNG plants, the performance of the spiral wound heat exchanger (SWHE) influences operating costs, reliability and safety of the whole system. In order to obtain the accurate two-phase tube-side heat transfer model for small-scale LNG SWHE and analyze its thermal performance, an experimental device of dual mixed refrigeration (DMR) is constructed. A multi-phase multi- -stream calculation code for SWHE is developed to solve the energy balance equations among tube-side feed gas, tube-side refrigerant and shell-side refrigerant, based on experimental results and thermal property calculation. The results show that the homogeneous flow model can be applied to two-phase tube-side heat transfer calculation of feed gas and Bell and Ghaly?s model and Shah?s model can be both applied to the mixed refrigerant. The relative errors between the results of the experiment and program are all within the range of ?12%.