bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stakeholders' perceptions of humanized birth practices and obstetric violence in Chile: A scoping review
Authors: Silva Anamaría , Pantoja Francisco , Millón Yoselyn , Hidalgo Verónica , Stojanova Jana , Arancibia Marcelo , Papuzinski Cristian , Sánchez Luna , Campos Michelle
Published: November 2020

Introduction Chile has an incipient policy regarding humanized birth practices. Obstetric violence is becoming an issue in the public discussion, as brought up by women. Despite this advancement, no initiatives were observed to overcome the conflict. Questions arise from the different points of view of the main stakeholders involved. These questions help identify strategies contributing to the development of health policies that consider influencing actors. Objectives To identify stakeholders' perceptions of humanized care in childbirth and obstetric violence. Methods We conducted a scoping review that included articles and analysis of texts reflecting the scientific communities' point of view. We included statements from governmental, social, professional, and political actors as expressed in institutional websites. Moreover, we performed a qualitative inductive, thematic content analysis. Results We included seventy documents. The scientific community is visualized as aligned with ministerial recommendations for personalized childbirth. Several researchers analyze the difficulties for its improvement due to the historical, socio-cultural, and economic construction of the predominantly biomedical model for birthing. Convergence is observed among the scientific community and other stakeholders in recognition of humanized birth benefits and the need to overcome institutional obstacles within the health sector. However, the progress of the proposed change is slow, and health professionals' resistance to address women's complaints towards obstetric violence and claim of quality care is observed. This discussion finds its reflection in a parliamentary discussion. Conclusions The stakeholders' analysis reflects areas of conflict and consensus, as well as the diverse interacting dimensions that hinder the advance of humanized care in childbirth. This broad analysis strategy contributes to identifying critical aspects to be addressed in the development of integral and effective health policies.
Impactos da formação superior em Educação do Campo no perfil socioeconômico e profissional de egressos
Authors: Santos Jailson Batista dos , Jezine Edineide
Published: November 2020

O artigo aborda os impactos da Formação Superior em Educação do Campo no perfil socioeconômico e profissional de egressos desse nível de ensino (2014-2017). Trata-se de uma pesquisa de Mestrado, de abordagem qualitativa do tipo exploratória, desenvolvida no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação (PPGE), da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), financiada pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Objetiva-se discutir a formação oferecida pelo Curso de Pedagogia – Área de aprofundamento em Educação do Campo, da UFPB, para apreensão de seus impactos na vida de seus egressos. A análise apoia-se em dados do perfil socioeconômico, obtidos por meio de questionário e entrevistas aplicadas junto aos sujeitos interlocutores da pesquisa. Fundamenta-se em diretrizes do Projeto Político Pedagógico (PPP) do curso à luz da teoria do Capital Cultural (BOURDIEU, 2002), dentre outras fontes bibliográficas e documentais. Os resultados evidenciam que o perfil socioeconômico dos egressos apresenta características comuns ao curso investigado, sendo composto por um público majoritariamente feminino, autodeclarado preto/pardo e de baixa renda. Conclui-se que a formação em Pedagogia com área de aprofundamento em Educação do Campo, de modo geral, apresenta impactos significativos ao perfil dos profissionais formados, tais como a continuidade da carreira acadêmica, a atuação profissional exercida na mesma área da formação e a relação teoria e prática consonante com a realidade campesina. Ademais, o curso traz novos direcionamentos aos egressos, fazendo com que eles passem a ter uma visão crítica sobre o mundo, bem como sobre a própria Pedagogia pautada no projeto de Educação do Campo.
Internacionalização da educação e dos currículos nos contextos do Ensino Básico e Secundário em Portugal.
Authors: Thiesen Juares da Silva , Seabra Filipa
Published: November 2020

O trabalho resulta de investigação desenvolvida no Instituto de Educação da Universidade do Minho e tem por objetivo analisar os impactos dos movimentos de internacionalização da educação sobre a formulação das políticas curriculares no âmbito do ensino básico e secundário em Portugal. Como recorte da pesquisa mais ampla, caracteriza-se, no texto, o atual quadro de (re)formulação da política curricular portuguesa para estes níveis de ensino, com especial atenção às evidências de alinhamento e adesão às demandas dos movimentos transnacionais que se colocam em defesa da internacionalização da educação. O pressuposto é que Portugal, assim como muitos outros países, sofre os efeitos da regulação transnacional que atua na direção da desnacionalização das políticas educativas. Trata-se de um trabalho empírico-teórico que explora textos oficiais da política curricular portuguesa e outros estudos relacionados ao tema. A investigação revela que a atual política curricular para o ensino básico e secundário português está fortemente subordinada às recomendações internacionais, especialmente as emanadas da Comunidade Europeia e da OCDE.
A infância e o brincar de ontem e de hoje: Uma perspectiva multidisciplinar
Authors: Costa Ana Valeria Lopes Correa , Ferronato Cristiano de Jesus
Published: November 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é abordar o brincar enquanto essência da criança e o brinquedo material ou materializado condutor dessa ação, envolvidos por afetos, culturas e épocas. Para tal, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura com contribuições de autores da historiografia, sobre a infância; da filosofia com as percepções de Platão; da arqueologia, que identificou o brincar em achados pré-históricos, a exemplo das artes rupestres; da psicologia e as suas observações do brincar, enquanto predisposição hereditária e da sua relação com a cognição, bem como da psicanálise que, na mesma época observou no brincar conteúdos inconscientes. Para neurociência esse comportamento compreende as regiões mais antigas do cérebro (regiões subcorticais), que influenciam a estruturação das regiões neocorticais, responsáveis pela inteligência humana. O diálogo multidisciplinar amplia o olhar sobre a natureza do brincar e suas características, seus aspectos históricos e culturais, origem ancestral e envolvimento com a complexa estrutura cerebral relacionada à inteligência.
Desafios docentes para a atuação no Atendimento Educacional Especializado
Authors: Possa Joce Daiane Borilli , Pieczkowski Tania Mara Zancanaro
Published: November 2020

A proposta brasileira de Educação Inclusiva resultou no crescente acesso de estudantes com deficiência às escolas regulares. Decorrente disso, o sistema educacional brasileiro mudou significativamente quanto ao atendimento a esses educandos. O Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE) caracteriza-se como uma das estratégias de inclusão previstas pela Política Nacional de Educação Especial na Perspectiva da Educação Inclusiva. Este artigo evidencia uma pesquisa que objetivou compreender os desafios profissionais e os efeitos de subjetivação produzidos pelas políticas de Educação Especial no que diz respeito ao AEE. O problema de pesquisa que direcionou o estudo assim  constituiu-se: Como os docentes são desafiados para operacionalizar a Política Nacional de Educação Especial no que diz respeito ao Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE)? Para este estudo, foram entrevistadas professoras atuantes no AEE em escolas e centros de educação infantil no oeste de Santa Catarina. O material empírico gerado por meio de entrevistas narrativas foi examinado pela perspectiva da análise do discurso, amparada em referenciais foucaultianos. O estudo evidenciou como os discursos legais têm operado na subjetivação e governamento dos docentes atuantes no AEE. Os discursos inclusivos presentes nas instituições escolares e nas políticas públicas de inclusão surgem como uma forma de governamento das populações, buscam o controle e o gerenciamento do risco, além da subjetivação dos indivíduos. Contudo, os avanços no campo da educação inclusiva são evidentes e reconhecidos, e, mesmo que haja a necessidade de tensionar seus paradoxos, é essencial intensificar o processo de inclusão.
Percurso investigativo de um curso de capacitação para professores com o uso de recurso tecnológico na alfabetização de alunos com Transtorno do Espectro Autista
Authors: Guedes Danieli Ferreira , Coelho Neto João , Blanco Marília Bazan
Published: November 2020

As tecnologias digitais educacionais podem contribuir no contexto escolar, principalmente para a Educação Especial, possibilitando a inclusão de alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais, inclusive auxiliando os alunos com Transtorno do Espectro Autista, visto ser um transtorno do desenvolvimento que tem início na infância e que se caracteriza por atrasos significativos na aquisição de linguagem, interação social e comportamentos repetitivos e estereotipados. Essas contribuições podem ser muitas, pois visam desenvolver a habilidade social, a linguagem e a aprendizagem de conteúdos escolares, assim, produzindo conhecimento, explorando e executando ações por meio de recurso tecnológico. Desse modo, essa pesquisa tem como objetivo geral desenvolver um curso de capacitação para docentes que atuam com alunos com Transtorno do Espectro Autista, com finalidade do uso de recursos tecnológicos para a alfabetização de alunos com esse transtorno. O encaminhamento metodológico utilizado contemplou as seguintes etapas: fundamentação teórica estruturada em uma revisão bibliográfica com base em pesquisas e na abordagem qualitativa para a elaboração do produto educacional, que objetivou produzir um curso de capacitação para docentes. O trato com os dados ocorreu a partir dos pressupostos da Análise Textual Discursiva, com a utilização de entrevistas, diário de bordo e questionário final. Portanto, a contribuição desse curso foi relevante no sentido de promover reflexões entre seus participantes acerca da importância da formação pedagógica continuada para o conhecimento sobre o Transtorno do Espectro Autista e sobre a alfabetização desses alunos por meio do recurso tecnológico.
O uso de aplicativos de leitura e escrita com alunos com deficiência intelectual
Authors: Pavão Ana Cláudia Oliveira , Simon Karolina Waechter
Published: November 2020

O estudo objetiva analisar o potencial dos aplicativos educacionais no ensino da leitura e escrita a estudantes com deficiência intelectual. Para tal, apresenta abordagem qualitativa e procedimentos de pesquisa participante. Os sujeitos são 12 estudantes com deficiência intelectual. O instrumento foi o diário de campo, por meio de uma matriz de referência, que caracteriza quatro níveis de leitura e escrita e requisitos pedagógicos e técnicos que os aplicativos devem conter em cada nível. Foram analisados doze aplicativos e os dados tratados por uma análise reflexiva. Os resultados evidenciam que os aplicativos não são desenvolvidos considerando o nível de leitura e escrita; nem todo aplicativo é adequado para o ensino e aprendizagem, mesmo possuindo requisitos importantes e, por fim, conclui-se a necessidade de desenvolver diretrizes para a utilização de aplicativos que contemplem os quatro níveis de leitura e escrita.
O acesso à educação especial em Marabá-Pará: análise do indicador “matrícula escolar”, no período de 2015 a 2017
Authors: Pereira Mirian Rosa , Ribeiro Maria Edilene dos Santos
Published: November 2020

Este artigo discorre sobre a inclusão escolar das pessoas com deficiência em meio ao contexto da reforma do Estado brasileiro e das contradições do sistema capitalista, com o foco do estudo centrado no acesso à educação especial no município de Marabá, estado do Pará. O objetivo geral é analisar o acesso à escolarização das pessoas com deficiência, a partir do indicador matrícula, nas escolas públicas das redes de ensino de Marabá-Pará, no período de 2015 a 2017. Tem sua abordagem pautada na pesquisa qualitativa, com estudo teórico e análise documental. Dentre os resultados do estudo, é possível afirmar que, no período investigado, há dados de matrícula que indicam o acesso escolar de alunos com deficiência no Brasil, no estado do Pará e em Marabá, mas que, sobretudo, ingressam na escolarização as pessoas oriundas das camadas sociais mais favorecidas economicamente. Aponta ainda que, mesmo com um quantitativo significativo de acesso por meio da matrícula escolar, no município de Marabá, ainda encontram-se sujeitos fora da escola. Observa-se que, dentre os matriculados, muitos não tiveram acesso às salas de AEE, e ainda há necessidade de atenção para as peculiaridades das escolas do campo quanto à educação especial; e, de modo geral, as condições de vida econômica e social das pessoas com deficiência refletem-se no processo de acesso e permanência na escolarização desses sujeitos educacionais.
Orientação profissional para estudantes universitários com deficiências: conceitos, políticas e práticas
Authors: Morgado Liz Amaral Saraiva , Cabral Leonardo Santos Amâncio
Published: November 2020

As discussões inerentes às pessoas com deficiências que têm ingressado na Educação Superior e no mundo de trabalho incitam a necessidade de subsídios teóricos, políticos e práticos para a promoção de sua orientação acadêmico-profissional. Nesse sentido, a presente pesquisa objetivou: a) identificar produções científicas nacionais e internacionais que tiveram como foco temático a orientação profissional de estudantes universitários com deficiência; b) analisar a inter-relação entre os conteúdos das produções científicas e os documentos oficiais nacionais; e c) identificar e analisar elementos que possam constituir a elaboração e implantação de serviços de orientação profissional. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática integrativa, valendo-se de descritores Thesaurus e operadores booleanos. Por meio do Portal de Periódicos Capes e Redalyc, foi possível a identificação, análise e discussões no âmbito das seguintes unidades temáticas: Documentos Norteadores Governamentais; Medidas Administrativas Institucionais; Estratégias Didático-Pedagógicas e Curriculares; Programas e Atividades de Extensão; Atores e Formação para a Orientação Profissional; Materiais e Instrumentos. A análise integrativa indicou que um programa adequado de orientação profissional para estudantes universitários com deficiência deva ser proposto sob uma perspectiva biopsicossocial, envolvendo as instituições de ensino e o mundo do trabalho, fomentando a autonomia, o reconhecimento de suas identidades, diferenças, expectativas profissionais e de vida, sob a perspectiva do lifelong learning.
Um ano de greve no Canadá: conflitos e resistência na transnacionalização da Vale S.A.
Authors: Aguiar Thiago Trindade de
Published: November 2020

O artigo apresenta algumas conclusões de pesquisa sobre a Vale S.A. conduzida no Brasil e no Canadá. Em particular, por meio da exposição de entrevistas e pesquisa de campo conduzidas neste último país, são analisadas questões como 1) a transnacionalização em curso da Vale e seu movimento de expansão internacional em anos recentes; 2) a estratégia de relações de trabalho e sindicais da empresa, que busca o enfraquecimento e o isolamento dos sindicatos, evitando ameaças ao poder corporativo; 3) a reestruturação das operações da Vale no Canadá e as mudanças promovidas na relação com o sindicato e com os trabalhadores locais, baseadas na estratégia de relações de trabalho desenvolvida historicamente pela empresa no Brasil, que levou à mais longa greve (2009-2010) no setor privado canadense em 30 anos. A investigação baseou-se em abordagem etnográfica e comparativa inspirada na “metodologia do estudo de caso ampliado” (Burawoy, 2009).
Da revolução inacabada à guerra ética: Bensaïd como defensor e crítico dos direitos humanos.
Authors: Seferian Gustavo
Published: November 2020

O presente artigo pretende abordar a obra de Daniel Bensaïd expondo os principais indutores de reflexão e contribuições críticas ao uso instrumental dos Direitos Humanos. Utilizando-nos do repertório dedutivo, e pautando-nos no revolvimento textual de autoria do militante-filósofo, o artigo (i) demonstra como o tema dos Direitos Humanos atravessa a obra de Bensaïd, marcado pela conjuntura e se articulando com outros grandes temas de sua vida, expondo as bases elementares de sua formulação; (ii) evidencia o quanto os Direitos Humanos são percebidos em sua obra como uma promessa burguesa inconclusa, que reclamam seu reconhecimento enquanto marco progressivo, ao mesmo tempo que limitado, da disputa política na modernidade; (iii) destaca como tal se manifestou no transcurso da Revolução Francesa no particular tocante às e aos não-proprietários, escravizados e mulheres; sinalizando ainda (iv) o modo como em momentos sócio-históricos distintos a defesa dos Direitos Humanos é instrumentalizada como modo de afirmação imperialista, reclamando particulares e cuidadosas abordagens na contemporaneidade, sobretudo ante a escalada do que chamou de “guerra ética”.
Dossiê A discordância dos tempos: Daniel Bensaïd e a crítica social contemporânea.
Authors: Amorim Henrique , Galastri Leandro
Published: November 2020

Daniel Bensaïd, cujo falecimento completou dez anos em 2020, é autor de obra notória por contribuições originais ao materialismo histórico. Ao propor este dossiê em sua homenagem, consideramos, ao mesmo tempo, atender as necessidades contemporâneas de renovação do pensamento social crítico. Como introdução às contribuições de colegas estudiosos do pensamento de Bensaïd, oferecemos também uma reflexão inicial sobre a questão geral das classes sociais na obra do filósofo francês.
Molecular docking analysis of beta-catenin with compounds derived from Lycopersicon esculentum
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai - 600 077, India, Selvaraj Jayaraman
Published: November 2020

Beta-catenin is linked with colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, it is of interest to design and develop novel compounds to combat CRC. Hence, we document compounds (chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, quercetin and vanillic acid) from Lycopersicon esculentum with optimal binding features for further consideration.
Molecular docking analysis of compounds from Justica adhatoda L with glycogen synthase kinase-3 β
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai - 600 077, India, Jayaraman Selvaraj
Published: November 2020

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is linked with Glycogen synthase kinase-3 β.Therefore, it is ofinterest to document molecular docking analysis data of compounds from Justica adhatoda L with glycogen synthase kinase-3 β. We report the binding features of ethambutol, pyrazinamide, stigmasterol and vasicoline with GSK-3 β.
Zagrożenie organizmu człowieka stresem cieplnym występujące w godzinach okołopołudniowych w czasie dni upalnych = Heat-stress threats to the human body around noon on very hot days
Authors: Okoniewska Monika
Published: November 2020

This article seeks to analyse the universal thermal climate index (UTCI, °C), in order to characterise hazards associated with high air temperature that may possibly occur in Poland around noon on very hot days. Values for the index (calculated for UTC by reference to air temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), wind speed (v∙ms-1) and cloudiness (%)) related to from the Polish cities of Kołobrzeg, Poznań and Kraków, and to the period 2001–2018. Mean values with standard deviations were calculated, with minimum and maximum values noted, amplitudes, lower and upper quartiles and the skewness coefficient. One-way analysis of variance was deployed to determine whether UTCI values at midday on very hot days differ significantly from month to month. The frequency of occurrence of different intensities of heat stress was also determined. In each case, analysis related to both the overall period and individual years. Hours around noon on very hot days were mainly associated with “moderate” or “severe” heat stress, though instances “very sever heat stress” may also arise. The greatest threat of thermal heat stress could be noted for July and August, with conditions noticeably more severe in Kraków than the other stations studied. Kołobrzeg faced the most-limited hazard associated with the occurrence of heat stress, and only in July may “very severe heat stress” appear there sporadically. In turn, Poznań – located in a region with bioclimatic conditions typical for Poland – was rather characterised by “moderate” or “severe heat stress”. Equally, on a majority of the very hot days studied, all three stations recoded above-average UTCI values, with this fact making it clear that when a high level of thermal stress arises it may be rather a country-wide phenomenon. The most stable, near-average conditions characterised May, while biothermal differentiation peaked in July and August. Analysis of variance showed that, other than in relation to April in Poznań, levels of thermal stress on hot days did not differ significantly from one month to another. Analyses of the variability to values for the multi-year universal thermal climate index revealed an increase over time for maxima, especially in Kraków. This may point to an intensified risk associated with overheating of the body, in the south of Poland in particular. In addition, calculations confirm both spatial and temporal differentiation of biothermal conditions. Years in which hot days proved particularly burdensome were 2005, 2007, 2010 and 2013.
Szorstkość pokrycia terenu jako źródło błędu metody SfM zastosowanej do rekonstrukcji zasięgu pokrywy śnieżnej = Terrain roughness as a source of error with the SfM method applied to the reconstruction of snow cover extent
Authors: Szafert Damian , Miziński Bartłomiej , Niedzielski Tomasz
Published: November 2020

A comparison between errors associated with snow-cover reconstruction performed by processing aerial imagery acquired by a visible-light camera mounted on board unmanned aerial vehicles, one the one hand; and average terrain roughness, on the other, revealed a dependent relationship between these variables. A stronger correlation is noted for two of the studied test areas (Polana Izerska and Krobica, both located in SW Poland), as opposed to the remaining site (Drożyna, SW Poland). In particular, correlations are noticeable where the analysis is performed in moving windows. It is typical for terrain where depth of snow cover is reconstructed with severe errors to reveal a high degree of roughness caused by single trees, clumps of trees or buildings. Ambiguous results are obtained for the Drożyna research field. While the character of the dependent relationship there seems consistent with results for the remaining sites, the strength is low. The lower values for the correlation coefficient were driven by observations for which errors were found to be high while values for the Topographic Ruggedness Index were at the same time low. This effect can be explained by reference to the specific nature of the area reconstructed, which is much transformed by human activity. It proves difficult to reconstruct the depth of snow cover on roads properly, as these are either partially cleared or snow or characterised by its loss in the course of melting. Low thickness of snow cover is thus found to be a constrained when it comes to the generation of accurate reconstructions of the depth of snow cover. This is in fact a finding in agreement with what has been reported by other authors.
Dissenting Missionaries, Public Opinion and the Campaign Against British Colonial Slavery, 1831-1834
Authors:   , Haigh Gordon Robert
Published: November 2020

This thesis explores the relationship between the persecution of missionaries in the Caribbean and the mobilisation of the British public against slavery. It focuses on the response in Britain following a major slave insurrection in Jamaica at Christmas 1831 when Baptist missionaries were falsely accused by the planters of instigating the event. It examines how the British press, missionary societies and abolitionists reacted to news of the missionaries’ persecution and discusses how this energised evangelicals to engage in antislavery politics. Historians have acknowledged that evangelicals were a powerful force in the ending of slavery in the 1830s and this thesis begins by discussing the historiography concerning the relationship between evangelicals, missions and anti-slavery. It moves on to provide a general outline context of the history of evangelicalism, missions and anti-slavery in Britain. It also briefly discusses earlier instances of intense persecution of missionaries in the Caribbean, following a slave uprising in 1823, and the impact of this in Britain. The thesis then focuses on exploring the reactions in Britain to the persecution of the missionaries in Jamaica. It discusses the responses in the press and missionary society periodicals, and influence on public opinion regarding slavery. It then examines the impact of the speaking tours of Britain conducted by missionaries who returned from Jamaica, especially the Reverend William Knibb, who conducted a two-year national public speaking campaign calling for the immediate ending of slavery. Finally, it examines the impact of evidence presented to Parliamentary Select Committees by the returned missionaries. The thesis concludes that the news of the persecuted missionaries in Jamaica and the missionaries’ own public speaking tour were major factors in motivating the evangelical public to play a significant role in the final stages of the antislavery campaign that resulted in the successful passage of the Slavery Abolition Act in 1833.
Runners’ individual learning responses to a biofeedback intervention to reduce tibial acceleration
Authors:   , Van Gelder Linda Maria Adriana
Published: November 2020

Increased peak tibial acceleration has been related to tibial stress fractures. Reducing tibial acceleration could, therefore, help prevent injury. With the use of a single-subject analysis, it was aimed to give an insight into which individual gait strategies participants used and how quickly participants responded to a biofeedback intervention aimed to reduce tibial acceleration. First, a literature review was performed to identify gaps in the literature and inform primary research studies. Secondly, different methodological approaches were considered and a feedback system was developed based on exploratory studies focussing on the direct learning response, treadmill speed, target, and verbal instruction. A single-subject design was chosen and the minimal detectable difference was calculated to determine the minimum amount of change which was sufficiently greater than the measurement error and day-to-day variability in order to consider the measured change represented a genuine biomechanical difference. For the group, mean peak tibial acceleration significantly decreased by 26 per cent between the baseline measurements and the one-month follow-ups. Nine out of the eleven participants found a real decrease in mean peak tibial acceleration after a month. Participants needed one to six sessions to automatize running with reduced tibial acceleration. However, they were still able to reduce mean peak tibial acceleration after they automatized running. Further, participants found different shock-absorbing mechanisms comparing measurements taken directly after the intervention to after a month. This suggests participants did not learn a specific solution to be able to reduce tibial acceleration, but were able to switch in between shock-absorbing mechanisms. This programme of research showed the importance of a single-subject analysis in this area of research. Future directions could focus on in-field, individually tailored, gait retraining to improve the outcomes and be able to help reduce the prevalence of tibial stress fractures in runners.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Gratitude Toward the Organization Scale
Authors: Wnuk Marcin
Published: November 2020

Purpose: Gratitude is an interdisciplinary concept frequently explored in positive psychology, which recognizes gratitude as one of the seven transcendent character forces that promote well-being and life satisfaction. The purpose of the conducted research was to develop the concept of gratitude toward the organization and prepare a tool to study this phenomenon. Methods: The study was cross-sectional. Participants were 802 employees from various organizations. Results: The Gratitude Toward the Organization Scale has a good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α was 0.91). Factor analysis confirmed the two-factor structure of this tool. The dimensions of gratitude toward the organization are distinguished as: (1) gratitude as a commitment to reciprocity and (2) gratitude as a moral norm. The construct validity of this measure was confirmed. Gratitude toward the organization correlated positively with job satisfaction, affective commitment to the organization, organizational justice, and perceived organizational and supervisor support, while being negatively correlated with intent to leave the organization. Conclusions: The obtained results confirm very good psychometric properties of the Gratitude Toward the Organization Scale as a valid and reliable measure for studying the gratitude of employees, which can be successfully used by researchers in Poland.
Forecasting currency exchange rate time series with fireworks-algorithm-based higher order neural network with special attention to training data enrichment
Authors: Sahu Kishore Kumar , Nayak Sarat Chandra , Behera Himanshu Sekhar
Published: November 2020

Exchange rates are highly fluctuating by nature, thus difficult to forecast. Artificial neural networks (ANN) have proved to be better than statistical methods. Inadequate training data may lead the model to reach suboptimal solution resulting, poor accuracy as ANN-based forecasts are data driven. To enhance forecasting accuracy, we suggests a method of enriching training dataset through exploring and incorporating of virtual data points (VDPs) by an evolutionary method called as fireworks algorithm trained functional link artificial neural network (FWA-FLN). The model maintains the correlation between the current and past data, especially at the oscillation point on the time series. The exploring of a VDP and forecast of the succeeding term go consecutively by the FWA-FLN. Real exchange rate time series are used to train and validate the proposed model. The efficiency of the proposed technique is related to other models trained similarly and produces far better prediction accuracy.
Real-time interpolation of streaming data
Authors: Dębski Roman
Published: November 2020

One of the key elements of real-time $C^1$-continuous cubic spline interpolation of streaming data is an estimator of the first derivative of the interpolated function that is more accurate than the ones based on finite difference schemas.Two such greedy look-ahead heuristic estimators (denoted as MinBE and MinAJ2) based on Calculus of Variations are formally defined (in closed form) together with the corresponding cubic splines they generate, and then comparatively evaluated in a series of numerical experiments involving different types of performance measures. The results presented show that the cubic Hermite splines generated by heuristic MinAJ2 significantly outperformed these based on finite difference schemas in terms of all tested performance measures (including convergence).The proposed approach is quite general. It can be directly applied to streams of univariate functional data like time-series. Multidimensional curves defined parametrically, after splitting, can be handled as well. The streaming character of the algorithm means that it can also be useful in processing data sets that are too large to fit in memory (e.g., edge computing devices, embedded time-series databases).
Visualization and Interpretation
Authors: Drucker Johanna
Published: November 2020

An analysis of visual epistemology in the digital humanities, with attention to the need for interpretive digital tools within humanities contexts.

In the several decades since humanists have taken up computational tools, they have borrowed many techniques from other fields, including visualization methods to create charts, graphs, diagrams, maps, and other graphic displays of information. But are these visualizations actually adequate for the interpretive approach that distinguishes much of the work in the humanities? Information visualization, as practiced today, lacks the interpretive frameworks required for humanities-oriented methodologies. In this book, Johanna Drucker continues her interrogation of visual epistemology in the digital humanities, reorienting the creation of digital tools within humanities contexts.

Drucker examines various theoretical understandings of visual images and their relation to knowledge and how the specifics of the graphical are to be engaged directly as a primary means of knowledge production for digital humanities. She draws on ideas from aesthetics, critical theory, and formal study of graphical systems, addressing them within the specific framework of computational and digital activity as they apply to digital humanities. Finally, she presents a series of standard problems in visualization for the humanities (including time/temporality, space/spatial relations, and data analysis), posing the investigation in terms of innovative graphical systems informed by probabilistic critical hermeneutics. She concludes with a brief sketch of discovery tools as an additional interface into which modeling can be worked.
Identification of an inhibitory neuron subtype, the L-stellate cell of the cochlear nucleus
Authors: Ngodup Tenzin , Romero Gabriel E , Trussell Laurence O
Published: November 2020

Auditory processing depends upon inhibitory signaling by interneurons, even at its earliest stages in the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN). Remarkably, to date only a single subtype of inhibitory neuron has been documented in the VCN, a projection neuron termed the D-stellate cell. With the use of a transgenic mouse line, optical clearing, and imaging techniques, combined with electrophysiological tools, we revealed a population of glycinergic cells in the VCN distinct from the D-stellate cell. These multipolar glycinergic cells were smaller in soma size and dendritic area, but over ten-fold more numerous than D-stellate cells. They were activated by auditory nerve and T-stellate cells, and made local inhibitory synaptic contacts on principal cells of the VCN. Given their abundance, combined with their narrow dendritic fields and axonal projections, it is likely that these neurons, here termed L-stellate cells, play a significant role in frequency-specific processing of acoustic signals.
Transparent soil microcosms for live-cell imaging and non-destructive stable isotope probing of soil microorganisms
Authors: Sharma Kriti , Palatinszky Márton , Nikolov Georgi , Berry David , Shank Elizabeth A
Published: November 2020

Microscale processes are critically important to soil ecology and biogeochemistry yet are difficult to study due to soil’s opacity and complexity. To advance the study of soil processes, we constructed transparent soil microcosms that enable the visualization of microbes via fluorescence microscopy and the non-destructive measurement of microbial activity and carbon uptake in situ via Raman microspectroscopy. We assessed the polymer Nafion and the crystal cryolite as optically transparent soil substrates. We demonstrated that both substrates enable the growth, maintenance, and visualization of microbial cells in three dimensions over time, and are compatible with stable isotope probing using Raman. We applied this system to ascertain that after a dry-down/rewetting cycle, bacteria on and near dead fungal hyphae were more metabolically active than those far from hyphae. These data underscore the impact fungi have facilitating bacterial survival in fluctuating conditions and how these microcosms can yield insights into microscale microbial activities.
Formicine ants swallow their highly acidic poison for gut microbial selection and control
Authors: Tragust Simon , Herrmann Claudia , Häfner Jane , Braasch Ronja , Tilgen Christina , Hoock Maria , Milidakis Margarita Artemis , Gross Roy , Feldhaar Heike
Published: November 2020

Animals continuously encounter microorganisms that are essential for health or cause disease. They are thus challenged to control harmful microbes while allowing the acquisition of beneficial microbes. This challenge is likely especially important for social insects with respect to microbes in food, as they often store food and exchange food among colony members. Here we show that formicine ants actively swallow their antimicrobial, highly acidic poison gland secretion. The ensuing acidic environment in the stomach, the crop, can limit the establishment of pathogenic and opportunistic microbes ingested with food and improve the survival of ants when faced with pathogen contaminated food. At the same time, crop acidity selectively allows acquisition and colonization by Acetobacteraceae, known bacterial gut associates of formicine ants. This suggests that swallowing of the poison in formicine ants acts as a microbial filter and that antimicrobials have a potentially widespread but so far underappreciated dual role in host-microbe interactions.
Performing photosynthesis without β-carotene
Authors: Telfer Alison
Published: November 2020

Research on mutant tobacco plants shows that a pigment called β-carotene is not necessary for photosynthesis.
Efectos de los coronavirus del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave (SARS-CoV) y del síndrome respiratorio del Medio Oriente (MERS-CoV) en el sistema nervioso. ¿Qué esperar del SARS-CoV-2?
Authors: Monroy-Gómez Jeison , Torres-Fernández Orlando
Published: November 2020

Los coronavirus son una familia de virus que se caracterizan por producir afectaciones respiratorias y gastrointestinales en animales y en seres humanos. El actual SARS-CoV-2, agente infeccioso de la COVID-19, pertenece a un subgrupo denominado betacoronavirus del que hacen parte el SARS-CoV y MERS-CoV, virus responsables de epidemias en el 2002 y el 2012, respectivamente.Estos virus también pueden infectar el sistema nervioso debido a su afinidad con la enzima convertidora de angiotensina humana 2 (ACE2), la cual se expresa en neuronas y células gliales. Se ha demostrado que las infecciones con SARS-CoV y MERS-CoV, y ahora también con el SARS-CoV-2, ocasionan condiciones neurológicas como la enfermedad cerebrovascular aguda, la conciencia alterada y las lesiones musculares, así como mareos, hipogeusia, hiposmia, hipoxia, neuralgia y encefalopatía hipóxica. Por ello debe prestarse mucha atención a las manifestaciones neurológicas de los pacientes de COVID-19.
Pautas éticas para la reanimación cardiopulmonar en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en Colombia
Authors: Rueda Eduardo A. , Suárez Edilma , Gempeler Fritz E. , Torregrosa Lilian , Caballero Andrea , Bernal Diana , Badoui Nora
Published: November 2020

La pandemia de COVID-19 se ha asociado con un incremento en el número de casos de paro cardiorrespiratorio y con ello han aumentado las inquietudes éticas en torno a la exigencia de la reanimación cardiopulmonar, así como sobre las condiciones para realizarla. El riesgo de contagio por aerosoles y las incertidumbres clínicas sobre la eficacia, las potenciales secuelas y las circunstancias que podrían justificar la limitación del procedimiento durante la pandemia, han multiplicado las dudas éticas sobre cómo proceder en estos casos.Con base en fundamentos éticos y jurídicos, en el presente artículo se ofrece una guía práctica sobre cómo proceder en los casos de paro cardiopulmonar en el contexto de la pandemia. Los criterios de justicia, beneficio, no daño, respeto a la autonomía, precaución, integridad y transparencia, se presentan de forma organizada y práctica para la adopción de decisiones en materia de reanimación cardiopulmonar.
Evaluación comparativa de la vigilancia en salud pública de COVID-19 en Colombia: primer semestre
Authors: Hurtado-Ortiz Alexandra , Moreno-Montoya José , Prieto-Alvarado Franklyn E. , Idrovo Álvaro J.
Published: November 2020

Introducción. La vigilancia en salud pública y las decisiones sanitarias recomendadas son fundamentales para el manejo adecuado de la pandemia de SARS-CoV-2.Objetivo. Hacer una evaluación comparativa del desempeño de los departamentos colombianos de este atributo del sistema de vigilancia con base en la calidad de los datos y construir la clasificación nacional según el desempeño.Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron los casos acumulados publicados por el Instituto Nacional de Salud entre el 6 de marzo y el 1° de septiembre de 2020. Para la comparación, los análisis consideraron el día en que se diagnosticó el primer caso como la primera fecha de análisis de cada departamento. El cumplimiento de la ley de Benford se evaluó con los valores de p en las pruebas de razón del logaritmo de la verosimilitud o ji al cuadrado. Se completó el análisis del atributo de calidad del dato con la letalidad observada en cada departamento, y se estableció la clasificación según el desempeño.Resultados. La ciudad de Bogotá y el departamento del Valle del Cauca tuvieron un desempeño óptimo en la vigilancia en salud pública durante todo el periodo observado. Los datos sugieren que los departamentos de Antioquia, Nariño y Tolima tuvieron una buena contención y una adecuada vigilancia en salud pública después de la apertura económica iniciada el 1° de junio de 2020.Conclusión. Se obtuvo una clasificación de los departamentos y de Bogotá según la calidad de los datos de vigilancia en salud pública. Los mejores cinco entes territoriales pueden ser casos de estudio para determinar los elementos asociados con el buen desempeño.
Clonal versus non-clonal milkweeds (Asclepias spp.) respond differently to stem damage, affecting oviposition by monarch butterflies
Authors: He Elise , Agrawal Anurag A.
Published: November 2020

Background

Oviposition decisions are critical to the fitness of herbivorous insects and are often impacted by the availability and condition of host plants. Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) rely on milkweeds (Asclepias spp.) for egg-laying and as food for larvae. Previous work has shown that monarchs prefer to oviposit on recently regrown plant tissues (after removal of above-ground biomass) while larvae grow poorly on plants previously damaged by insects. We hypothesized that these effects may depend on the life-history strategy of plants, as clonal and non-clonal milkweed species differ in resource allocation and defense strategies.

Methodology/Principal Findings

We first confirmed butterfly preference for regrown tissue in a field survey of paired mowed and unmowed plots of the common milkweed A. syriaca. We then experimentally studied the effects of plant damage (comparing undamaged controls to plants clipped and regrown, or damaged by insects) on oviposition choice, larval performance, and leaf quality of two closely related clonal and non-clonal species pairs: (1) A. syriaca and A. tuberosa, and (2) A. verticillata and A. incarnata. Clonal and non-clonal species displayed different responses to plant damage, impacting the proportions of eggs laid on plants. Clonal species had similar mean proportions of eggs on regrown and control plants (≈35–40% each), but fewer on insect-damaged plants (≈20%). Meanwhile non-clonal species had similar oviposition on insect-damaged and control plants (20–30% each) but more eggs on regrown plants (40–60%). Trait analyses showed reduced defenses in regrown plants and we found some evidence, although variable, for negative effects of insect damage on subsequent larval performance.

Conclusions/Significance

Overall, non-clonal species are more susceptible and preferred by monarch butterflies following clipping, while clonal species show tolerance to clipping and induced defense to insect herbivory. These results have implications for monarch conservation strategies that involve milkweed habitat management by mowing. More generally, plant life-history may mediate growth and defense strategies, explaining species-level variation in responses to different types of damage.
EFFECTIVENESS OF KANCHANARA KWATHA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PRIMARY HYPOTHYROIDISM: CASE SERIES
Authors: Lal Anju S , Pratap Arun , C.P Arjun Chand , K Miharjan
Published: November 2020

Primary hypothyroidism is a condition that results due to the decreased ability of thyroid gland to produce its hormones Tri-iodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxin (T4) and results in increased TSH production from the Pituitary gland. This decreased hormone secretion may result in reduced metabolism and in Ayurveda, this metabolism may be explained in terms of Dhatu Parinama Siddhanta and this reduced metabolism with Dhatva agnimandya condition. Ten subjects having high TSH levels and one or multiplicity of the symptoms like Lethargy, hairfall, dryness of skin, less appetite, cold intolerance, puffiness of face, hoarseness of voice, muscle aches, menstrual disturbances were selected for the study. They were gradually developing these symptoms since 1 year. They all were given Kanchanara Kwatha 24 ml with 1.5 g Shunthi Choorna as Prakshepaka Dravya twice daily before food for 60 days. Follow up was done on 30th day after the intervention. Assessment of subjects was done by using TSH levels and Zulewski’s clinical score for on 0th, 61th and 90th day. The results were analysed statistically. Statistically highly significant result (i.e. p-value = 0.003) were obtained for TSH. When the subjective criteria is analysed, statistically highly significant result (p-value < 0.001) were obtained for the criteria slow movement and statistically significant results (p value < 0.05) were obtained for the criteria’s hoarseness of voice, constipation, weight increase, periorbital puffiness. The change obtained for symptoms after the treatment was maintained in the follow-up period too. Above results showed that the drug Kanchanara Kwathais effective in primary hypothyroidism.
PERTINENCE OF KSHARA KARMA AND AGNI KARMA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF MASAKA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ELEVATED MOLE: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Mudgal Himadri , Kumar P Hemantha
Published: November 2020

Moles are a commonest skin condition. They are usually small, dark brownish, black spots and are caused by groups of pigmented cells. Mole can appear anywhere on the skin either alone or in groups. They usually appear in childhood and adolescence. In Ayurvedic classics it is usually correlated with Masaka. Masaka (elevated mole) are caused by vitiated Vatadosha as painless, black gram colour elevated and stable identity. In the present study a male patient aged about 42 years came complaining of a blackish brown coloured growth with irregular margins present on right side of his face (infraorbital region). With time the discoloured growth gradually increased its size in last 15 years. In contemporary medicine various treatments of this condition are available but no promising management is updated till date. Keeping this in mind the patient was advised to undergo Agnikarma and Kshara karma. By help of Agnikarma the mass was excised and later Kshara was applied. Since moles usually reoccur after excision also, Application of Kshara plays a pivotal role here since it leaves less possibility for it to regrow. After the above said treatment patient was advised to apply Jatyadi tail which is very good Vrana Ropak. After the follow up of 2 months it was found that there was no reoccurrence. The aim of study is to highlight the role of Agnikarma and Kshara karma in Masaka with special reference to elevated mole.