bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computational characteristics of feedforward neural networks for solving a stiff differential equation
Authors: Schneidereit Toni , Breuß Michael
Published: January 2022

Feedforward neural networks offer a possible approach for solving differential equations. However, the reliability and accuracy of the approximation still represent delicate issues that are not fully resolved in the current literature. Computational approaches are in general highly dependent on a variety of computational parameters as well as on the choice of optimisation methods, a point that has to be seen together with the structure of the cost function. The intention of this paper is to make a step towards resolving these open issues. To this end, we study here the solution of a simple but fundamental stiff ordinary differential equation modelling a damped system. We consider two computational approaches for solving differential equations by neural forms. These are the classic but still actual method of trial solutions defining the cost function, and a recent direct construction of the cost function related to the trial solution method. Let us note that the settings we study can easily be applied more generally, including solution of partial differential equations. By a very detailed computational study, we show that it is possible to identify preferable choices to be made for parameters and methods. We also illuminate some interesting effects that are observable in the neural network simulations. Overall we extend the current literature in the field by showing what can be done in order to obtain useful and accurate results by the neural network approach. By doing this we illustrate the importance of a careful choice of the computational setup.
The black hole of the transition process: dropout of care before transition age in adolescents
Authors: Reneses Blanca , Escudero Almudena , Tur Nuria , Agüera-Ortiz Luis , Moreno Dolores María , Saiz-Ruiz Jerónimo , Rey-Bruguera Mayelin , Pando Maria-Fuencisla , Bravo-Ortiz Maria-Fe , Moreno Ana , Rey-Mejías Ángel , Singh Swaran P.
Published: January 2022

Recent evidence confirms the risks of discontinuity of care when young people make a transition from child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) to adult mental health services (AMHS), although robust data are still sparse. We aimed to identify when and how patients get lost to care during transition by tracking care pathways and identifying factors which influence dropping out of care during transition. This is a retrospective observational study of 760 patients who reached the transition age boundary within 12 months before transition time and being treated at CAMHS for at least during preceding 18 months. Data were collected at two time points: last visit to CAHMS and first visit to AHMS. Socio-demographic, clinical and service utilization variables on CAMHS treatment were collected. In the 12 months leading up to the transition boundary, 46.8% of subjects (n = 356) withdrew from CAHMS without further contact with AHMS, 9.3% withdrew from CAHMS but were referred to AHMS by other services, 29% were transferred from CAHMS to AHMS, 10% remained at CAHMS and 5% patients were transferred to alternative services. Fifty-six percent of subjects experience cessation of care before the transition age. The risk of dropout increases with shorter contact time in CAMHS, is greater in subjects without pharmacological treatment, and decreases in subjects with psychosis, bipolar disorder, eating disorders, mental retardation, and neurodevelopmental disorders. This study confirms that a large number of people drop out of care as they approach the CAMHS transition and experience discontinuity of care during this critical period.
Incidence and risk factors of hypertension therapy in Australian cancer patients treated with vascular signalling pathway inhibitors
Authors: Hong Soojung , Daniels Benjamin , van Leeuwen Marina T. , Pearson Sallie-Anne , Vajdic Claire M.
Published: January 2022

Background

Clinical trials report systemic hypertension is an adverse effect of vascular signalling pathway inhibitor (VSPi) use. There are limited data from routine clinical practice. We aimed to estimate the real-world incidence and risk factors of new-onset and aggravated hypertension for cancer patients dispensed VSPi in whole-of-population Australian setting.

Methods

We used dispensing records for a 10% random sample of Australians to identify treatment with subsidised VSPi from 2013 to 2018. We further identified dispensings of oral antihypertensive medicines 6 months before and 12 months after VSPi therapy. We defined (i) new-onset hypertension in people first dispensed antihypertensives after VSPi and (ii) aggravated hypertension in people with prior antihypertensive use dispensed an additional, or higher strength, antihypertensive after VSPi. We applied the Fine-Gray cumulative incidence function and Cox proportional hazard regression.

Results

1802 patients were dispensed at least one VSPi. The mean age of the cohort was 65 years and 57% were male. The incidence of new-onset treated hypertension was 24.3% (95%CI: 21.2–27.8); age ≥ 60 years (HR 1.74; 95%CI: 1.32–2.31) and treatment with oral tyrosine kinase inhibitors compared to bevacizumab (HR 1.96; 95%CI: 1.16–3.31) were risk factors. The incidence of aggravated hypertension was 25.2% (95%CI: 22.0–28.7) and risk was elevated for patients with renal cancer (HR 2.84; 95%CI: 1.49–5.41) and cancers other than colorectal (HR 1.85; 95%CI: 1.12–3.03).

Conclusions

Our real-world estimates of incident hypertension appear comparable to those observed in clinical trials (21.6–23.6%). Our population-based study provides some insight into the burden of hypertension in patients commencing VSPi in routine practice.
Lernentwicklungsgespräche und die Entwicklung motivationaler Aspekte des Lernens
Authors: Ertl Sonja , Kücherer Benjamin , Hartinger Andreas
Published: January 2022

Lernentwicklungsgespräche (LEG) sind eine Form der Leistungsbeurteilung und -rückmeldung, in der Elemente Formativen Assessments umgesetzt werden können. Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, inwieweit die Qualität von LEG (operationalisiert über die Einschätzung der Schüler*innen) mit der Entwicklung motivationaler Aspekte des Lernens (Anstrengungsbereitschaft und schulisches Selbstkonzept) zusammenhängt. Dazu wurden in einem Prä-Post-Design 392 Kinder der Jahrgangsstufe 2 befragt. Es zeigte sich, dass aus Sicht der Kinder die LEG überwiegend positiv eingeschätzt werden – allerdings mit deutlichen Unterschieden. Die Ergebnisse belegen, dass es Zusammenhänge von LEG mit motivationalen Aspekten des Lernens gibt – in Abhängigkeit von der Umsetzung aus der Sicht der Kinder. Die Ergebnisse werden diskutiert und weitere Forschungsdesiderata aufgezeigt.
Mechanical analysis of 20/316L bimetal composite pipe formed by spinning
Authors: Xu Wenbin , Li Yan
Published: January 2022

Bimetal composite pipe are widely used in petrochemical industry and other industries due to its good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. In this paper, the minimum radial rotary pressure (Pimin) and maximum radial rotary pressure (Pimax) were obtained by theoretical mechanical calculation, so as to optimize the design of the spinning device. The residual contact pressure was acquired to evaluate the forming quality of the composite pipe. It was found that when the spinning parameters (δ = 0.16 mm, ψ = 0.4 mm, β = 3.0° and f = 0.5), the maximum residual contact pressure was obtained, and the simulated and experimental values were 9.19 MPa and 9.01 MPa, respectively. They were close to the theoretical value (9.67 MPa), and the error of these values was about 9%, which proved the accuracy of the theoretical analysis.
Scedosporium apiospermum infections in the middle ear and mastoid: case series and review of the literature
Authors: Lim J W J , McLean T , Hill F C E
Published: January 2022

Objectives

To present our case series and management of Scedosporium apiospermum infections of the middle ear and mastoid, and review the current literature on this rare yet potentially life-threatening condition.

Methods

Medical records of patients treated at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital for S apiospermum middle ear and mastoid infections between 2009 and 2019 were reviewed. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Medline and Cochrane Library databases.

Results

Two patients were identified in our institution: a 62-year-old diabetic woman with otogenic skull base osteomyelitis, and a 12-year-old boy with unilateral chronic suppurative otitis media which developed after tympanostomy tube insertion. The persistence of otalgia and otorrhoea despite prolonged antibiotic treatment characterised these cases. Both patients received voriconazole, and achieved disease resolution without complications. Ten relevant cases were identified after review of the literature. Despite treatment, there were three patient deaths, and four patients with otological or neurological complications.

Conclusion

The presence of a middle ear or mastoid infection refractory to appropriate topical and systemic antibiotics should prompt clinicians to consider a fungal infection. The role of surgical debridement in the treatment of S apiospermum infection of the middle ear and mastoid is equivocal.
Animal Research that Respects Animal Rights: Extending Requirements for Research with Humans to Animals
Authors: Martin Angela K.
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this article is to show that animal rights are not necessarily at odds with the use of animals for research. If animals hold basic moral rights similar to those of humans, then we should consequently extend the ethical requirements guiding research with humans to research with animals. The article spells out how this can be done in practice by applying the seven requirements for ethical research with humans proposed by Ezekiel Emanuel, David Wendler, and Christine Grady to animal research. These requirements are (1) social value, (2) scientific validity, (3) independent review, (4) fair subject selection, (5) favorable risk–benefit ratio, (6) informed consent, and (7) respect for research subjects. In practice, this means that we must reform the practice of animal research to make it more similar to research with humans, rather than completely abolish the former. Indeed, if we ban animal research altogether, then we would also deprive animals of its potential benefits—which would be ethically problematic.
Structure and mechanism of the RNA dependent RNase Cas13a from Rhodobacter capsulatus
Authors: Kick Leonhard M. , von Wrisberg Marie-Kristin , Runtsch Leander S. , Schneider Sabine
Published: January 2022

Cas13a are single-molecule effectors of the Class II, Type VI family of CRISPR-Cas systems that are part of the bacterial and archaeal defense systems. These RNA-guided and RNA-activated RNA endonucleases are characterized by their ability to cleave target RNAs complementary to the crRNA-spacer sequence, as well as bystander RNAs in a sequence-unspecific manner. Due to cleavage of cellular transcripts they induce dormancy in the host cell and thus protect the bacterial population by aborting the infectious cycle of RNA-phages. Here we report the structural and functional characterization of a Cas13a enzyme from the photo-auxotrophic purple bacteria Rhodobacter capsulatus. The X-ray crystal structure of the RcCas13a-crRNA complex reveals its distinct crRNA recognition mode as well as the enzyme in its contracted, pre-activation conformation. Using site-directed mutagenesis in combination with mass spectrometry, we identified key residues responsible for pre-crRNA processing by RcCas13a in its distinct catalytic site, and elucidated the acid-base mediated cleavage reaction mechanism. In addition, RcCas13a cleaves target-RNA as well as bystander-RNAs in Escherichia coli which requires its catalytic active HEPN (higher eukaryotes and prokaryotes nucleotide binding) domain nuclease activity. Our data provide further insights into the molecular mechanisms and function of this intriguing family of RNA-dependent RNA endonucleases that are already employed as efficient tools for RNA detection and regulation of gene expression.
Graphene-containing metal–organic framework nanocomposites for enhanced microwave ablation of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma
Authors: Li Ruozhen , Tian Yaping , Zhu Biao , Wang Yu , Dang Ruijie , Zhao Lisheng , Yang Shuo , Li Yunxia , Wen Ning
Published: January 2022

Traditional MW ablation may result in insufficient ablation and aggravation of tumor hypoxia. Our strategy for MW ablation with ZIF67@Gr-PEG NCs achieved the combined effects of enhanced MW ablation and tumor hypoxia relief.
Iter-years dynamic of Juniperus phoencea L. matorral in the North-Eastern Mediterranen coast of Morocco
Authors: Boumediene Mehdi , Sahib Nargis , Abid Malika , Addi Mohamed , Mihamou Atika , Serghini-Caid Hana , Elamrani Ahmed
Published: January 2022

In the North-Eastern Mediterranen coast of Morocco, the establishment of seaside resorts built as part of the Plan Azur, substantially degraded the coastal matorral of Juniperus phoenicea L. Nonetheless, the species remains an important resource for the ecological balance. The estimation of the changes in land cover is a suitable method to evaluate the degradation rate of the matorral. The aim of the current study is to warn about the degradation of J. phoenicea in Saidia coastline by quantifying the inter-years dynamic of J. phoenicea matorral in 1965 (before the Plan Azur) in 2004 and 2021(after the Plan Azur). Estimation of changes in matorral cover rate was achieved by photo-interpretation. Analysis indicates that J. phoenicea matorral ecosystem of Saidia has been affected by a drop of 63% in land area, over a period of time not exceeding 17 years. Currently the picture of the coastal matorral of J. phoenicea is rather bleak; the vulnerability of this valuable resource has prompted us to raise the alarm in order to preserve remaining up shrubs to the present time.
Feasibility Study for Well pattern Encryption in Complex Fractured Block Reservoirs--Taking the Liu 90 South Fault Block in the Jidong Oilfield as an example
Authors: Wang Qunyi , Bi Yongbin , Cao Tongfeng , Zhang Yang , Liu Dong , He Haiyan , Zhang Xuena
Published: January 2022

Jidong oilfield belongs to complex fault block reservoir, and the development has now entered into high water-cut stage. when using Well pattern encryption technology to stabilize production, it is necessary to study the feasibility of Well pattern encryption to ensure a better economic benefit. In this paper, we use theoretical analysis method, consider the influence of oil price on the calculation, improve the economic limit Well pattern density calculation formula, calculate the economic limit Well pattern density under different recovery rates, make recovery rate prediction for different Well pattern density scenarios by combining with Sherkachov's formula, and use the curve intersection method to determine the Well pattern density at the break-even point, so as to determine the economic feasibility of Well pattern encryption. The example calculations show that the use of well network encryption alone does not meet the development requirements of the Liu 90 South block and has no significant economic benefits, so a combination of two-three methods is needed to further improve the recovery rate. Numerical simulation prediction results show that the two-three combination method can improve the recovery rate by 14.54%, accumulate 28.88×104t of oil increase and increase revenue by 678,245,000 yuan.
Research of Rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Production and GIS Integration Based on 3D Panorama
Authors: Li Jingsi , Wang Jian , Yang Chenxi
Published: January 2022

3D panorama technology is a kind of virtual reality technology based on image creation, which is used real photos to show the scene to achieve the effect of immersive virtual roaming, and improve the interactivity between the network platform with the user. Panoramic images, UAV remote sensing and GIS technology is the application and development of new technology of surveying and mapping industry, but apply combination is rarely studied. In this paper, based on rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) fixed-point hover took photos of different angles using PTGui software to create panorama images stitching, optimization, software reuse Pano2VR making 3D roaming figure, and compared with Supermap GIS integration. Based on a downtown building community will be released on GIS 3D roaming figure, you can see, after the integration of 3 d panorama with two-dimensional GIS geospatial information, also can see the area the real scene. The surveying and mapping, tourism and other industries to provide a new technical method.
Interventional Techniques to Support Enteral Nutrition
Authors: Long Simon , Fernando Dayantha , Boyd Christina , Katrivesis James , Park Harold
Published: January 2022

In patients requiring nutritional support, enteral nutrition has been shown to have many benefits, including improved long-term outcomes, when compared to parenteral alternatives. Given our baseline comfort with medical imaging and knowledge of anatomy, Interventional Radiologists can support a patient's caloric needs and circumvent more invasive surgical methods for placing feeding tubes.
Simulation of the dynamics of vibrationally mediated photodissociation for deuterated pyrrole
Authors: Makhov Dmitry V , Adeyemi Sian , Cowperthwaite Mary , Shalashilin Dmitrii V
Published: January 2022

The dynamics of photodissociation for vibrationally pre-excited deuterated pyrrole molecules is simulated using ab initio multiple cloning (AIMC) approach. Total kinetic energy release (TKER) spectra and dissociation times are calculated. The results for pyrrole and deuterated pyrrole molecules with and without vibrational pre-excitation are compared. Calculations show that, as expected, the kinetic energy of additional dissociation fragments is lower in deuterated pyrrole and mostly located in the upper-middle part of the TKER spectrum. However, despite lower energy of dissociative bond vibrations, pre-excitation of deuterated pyrrole leads to higher dissociation yield increase than in pyrrole and significantly shortens dissociation time.
Tactical signalling by victims increases bystander consolation in bonobos
Authors: Heesen Raphaela , Austry Diane A. , Upton Zoe , Clay Zanna
Published: January 2022

Tactical emotion communication has long been considered uniquely-human. As a species, we readily exaggerate, inhibit and modify emotional expressions according to social context and audience. Notably, emitting emotional displays, such as those pertaining to distress states, can evoke empathic responses in others such as the offering of consolation to victims after a fight. Animal emotion expressions, by contrast, are traditionally viewed as uncontrollable arousal responses. Our study challenges this view by assessing the level of control in the emotional signalling of sanctuary-living bonobo victims following aggressive attacks (N = 27 victims, N = 144 attacks) and its and its corresponding effect on receivers. Results show that the production of paedomorphic signals by adult bonobo victims increased chances of receiving consolation from bystanders and reduced risk of future aggression from former opponents, highlighting a strategic function. Victim signalling also increased with audience size, yet strategies differed by age: immature bonobos were more likely to cease signalling in proximity of close-social partners, whereas adults were more likely to cease signalling after having been consoled. These data suggest that bonobo emotion communication has a developmental trajectory and that tactical emotion signalling is a Pan-human capacity, preceding the split of Homo.
A comprehensive framework for classification and selection of H4.0 digital technologies affecting healthcare processes in the grey environment
Authors: Balouei Jamkhaneh Hadi , Luz Tortorella Guilherme , Parkouhi Sahar Valipour , Shahin Reza
Published: January 2022

Purpose

This study seeks to provide a conceptual framework for the classification and selection of Healthcare 4.0 (H4.0) digital technologies affecting healthcare processes.

Design/methodology/approach

By examining the literature review, a set of processes of health services based on two axes of interaction and service customization and the axis of labor intensity of the service process matrix was divided into four categories: service factory, mass service, service shop and professional services. Then, using a combination of grey decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) and grey weighted aggregates sum product assessment (WASPAS) methods, a framework was presented to compute the impact of each of the H4.0 digital technologies on sub-criteria of the two main axes. Finally, based on the degree of the impact of each technology on the main axes, the technology affecting the four processes was segmented.

Findings

Findings show that the customer participation in the service process (C1), ways to provide customer service (C6) as well as the speed of service delivery (L4) are the most important in the classification of digital technologies affecting healthcare processes.

Research limitations/implications

Various other indicators from the behavioral, cultural, political, social and economic fields can be examined and used as a basis for evaluating H4.0 digital technologies.

Practical implications

The proposed framework can help managers select H4.0 digital technologies to prioritize, review and analyze appropriate technologies to improve and support different processes, prioritize appropriate technologies and review and analyze.

Originality/value

So far, no study has examined the link between digital technologies and various service processes. Therefore, this reinforces the originality and value of the present study.
Small‐ and medium‐sized mammals of the Kafa Biosphere Reserve, Ethiopia
Authors: Meheretu Yonas , Meinig Holger , Mikula Ondřej , Hermes Nicole , Wale Mengistu , Tadele Abiyu , Kaipf Ingrid , Bryja Josef
Published: January 2022

The Kafa Biosphere Reserve (KBR) is the largest montane forest reserve in Ethiopia and was declared officially a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) biosphere reserve in 2010. Only recently, however, has the reserve been surveyed in terms of its small‐ and medium‐sized mammal inhabitant species. The KBR supports a diverse variety of habitat types, which are increasingly under pressure from anthropogenic degradation. During the 2014 dry season and 2019 wet season, we used traps, mist‐nets, acoustic signals, photography and roadkill surveys to assess the small‐ and medium‐sized mammals of the reserve. We recorded 17 small‐ and five medium‐sized mammal species, almost half (45.5%) being endemic to Ethiopia. The grayish‐brown shaggy rat (Dasymys griseifrons) and two fruit bats (Epomophorus gambianus and Hypsignathus monstrosus) were recorded in the reserve for the first time. As a next step, a large‐scale, detailed inventory of the mammals in a wider area of southwestern Ethiopian forests and wetlands, including prevailing anthropogenic threats, is required. Notwithstanding, immediate conservation action by regional and national authorities to prevent further habitat loss to reduce the risk of local extinction is needed, particularly for endemic species or those exhibiting limited range distributions in southwestern Ethiopia.
Contribution of diafiltration and adsorption to vancomycin clearance in a continuous hemodiafiltration circuit model in vitro
Authors: Uchida Masashi , Sawada Mifuyu , Yamazaki Shingo , Suzuki Tatsuya , Suzuki Takaaki , Ishii Itsuko
Published: January 2022

Background

Vancomycin (VCM) is eliminated mainly by diafiltration under continuous hemodiafiltration (CHDF), but the contribution of adsorption to CHDF clearance (CLCHDF) of VCM using a polyacrylonitrile and sodium methallyl sulfonate copolymer membrane coated with polyethylenimine (AN69ST) or a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) membrane is unknown. This study sought to investigate the contribution of diafiltration and adsorption to the CLCHDF of VCM using AN69ST and PMMA membranes in vitro.

Methods

An in vitro CHDF circuit model was developed. The initial concentration of VCM was 50 μg/mL and human serum albumin (HSA) was prepared at a concentration of 0, 2.5, or 5.0 g/dL. The effluent flow rate (Qe) was set at 800, 1500, or 3000 mL/h. The CLCHDF, diafiltration rate, and adsorption rate of VCM were calculated.

Results

Total CLCHDF of VCM using the AN69ST membrane increased and decreased with increasing Qe and HSA concentration, respectively. Diafiltration and adsorption rates were 82.1 ± 9.8% and 12.1 ± 6.1% under all conditions, respectively. Total CLCHDF using the PMMA membrane increased with increasing Qe. Diafiltration and adsorption rates were 89.2 ± 20.4% and 4.6 ± 17.0% under all conditions, respectively. The observed CLCHDF values significantly correlated with the predicted CLCHDF, calculated according to a previous study as the product of Qe and the plasma unbound fraction.

Conclusions

Diafiltration predominantly contributed to CLCHDF of VCM using AN69ST and PMMA membranes. When diafiltration rather than adsorption mainly contributes to the CLCHDF of VCM, the CLCHDF could be predicted from the Qe and HSA concentration, at least in vitro.
Prognostic impact of count of extratumoral lymphatic permeation in lung adenocarcinoma and its relation to the immune microenvironment
Authors: Niimi Takahiro , Nakai Tokiko , Aokage Keiju , Tane Kenta , Miyoshi Tomohiro , Samejima Joji , Miyazaki Saori , Taki Tetsuro , Sakamoto Naoya , Sakashita Shingo , Watanabe Reiko , Kojima Motohiro , Suzuki Kenji , Tsuboi Masahiro , Ishii Genichiro
Published: January 2022

Extratumoral lymphatic permeation (ly‐ext) has been reported as an independent poor prognostic factor for lung adenocarcinoma, but whether or not the number of ly‐ext foci is associated with prognosis and its relationship to the immune microenvironment is unclear. We counted the number of ly‐ext foci on pathological slides from patients with completely resected lung adenocarcinoma with ly‐ext, and divided them into two groups: a group with a high number of ly‐ext foci (ly‐ext high) and one with a low number of ly‐ext foci (ly‐ext low). Among the patients with ly‐ext, only a high number of ly‐ext foci was an independent poor prognostic factor. The 3‐year recurrence‐free survival (RFS) rate of the ly‐ext high group was significantly lower than that of the ly‐ext low group (14.7% vs. 50.0%, P < 0.01). Then, we analyzed the immune microenvironment of pT1 lung adenocarcinoma with ly‐ext (13 cases of ly‐ext high and 11 cases of ly‐ext low tumor) by immunohistochemistry using antibodies for stem cell markers (aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 A1 and CD44), tumor‐promoting mucin (MUC1), tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (CD4, CD8, FOXP3, and CD79a), and tumor‐associated macrophages (CD204). The number of CD8+ TILs within the primary lesion was significantly lower and the number of FOXP3+ TILs within the primary lesion was significantly higher in the ly‐ext high group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Our results indicated that a high number of ly‐ext foci was an independent poor prognostic factor. Moreover, tumors with high numbers of ly‐ext foci had a more immunosuppressive microenvironment.
How do people with neurofibromatosis type 1 (the forgotten victims) live? A grounded theory study
Authors: Foji Samira , Mohammadi Eesa , Sanagoo Akram , Jouybari Leila
Published: January 2022

Background

Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) is a rare genetic disorder, associated with some physical symptoms including spots and tiny bumps on the skin, and internal organ involvement. People suffering from neurofibromatosis face various challenges in their daily lives. However, there is little understanding on how patients deal with neurofibromatosis. This study aimed to investigate the life challenges of patients with NF1.

Methods

This qualitative study was performed by implementing a grounded theory with the cooperation of the Society for Neurofibromatosis Patients over the course of 15 months in 2019 across 4 provinces in Iran. Twenty‐four patients with NF1 were interviewed. An analysis was performed using the constant comparative method.

Findings

The results of the analyses indicated that the major concern of the NF1 patients was feelings of failure and falling behind in life. In the face of failure in life in such a context, patients used the main strategy of “unsuccessful struggle to escape” the disease and its complications, which was represented itself in the forms of ‘hopelessness and impatience’, ‘suicidal thoughts and unsuccessful suicide attempts’, ‘isolation and seclusion’, ‘expressing complaints and grievances to God’, ‘hiding the disease’ and ‘hopelessness and refusing to receive care’. The implementation of such strategies helped patients reduce tension and achieve a temporary, though vulnerable and fragile, sense of relief and peace.

Conclusion

Given an unfavourable life condition, NF1 patients turned to a harmful passive strategy in the face of the challenges posed by the disease.

Patient or Public Contribution

Public contributors were active partners throughout, and co‐authored the paper.
Comparison of the success with two bending angles for lighted stylet intubation in children: A prospective randomised study
Authors: Zhang Yanjun , Guo Hao , Hu Zhanfei , Wang Li , Du Hongyin
Published: January 2022

Background and Aim

The bend angle of a lighted stylet is an important factor for successful orotracheal intubation. The aim of this study was to test the differences in the success of endotracheal intubation using lighted stylet with 70° versus 90° bend angles in children aged 4–6 years with normal airways.

Methods

A total of 136 children with normal airways required orotracheal intubation were enrolled and were randomly allocated to the 90° or 70° bend angle groups. The first‐attempt success rate was assessed as the primary outcome. The intubation time, lighted stylet search time, lighted stylet withdrawal time, hemodynamic responses, and perioperative complications were recorded as secondary outcomes.

Results

All intubations were completed within three attempts (the 90° group, 63/5/0; the 70° group, 55/11/2). The first‐attempt success rate was higher in the 90° group than that in the 70° group (92.6% [63/68 patients] versus 80.9% [55/68 patients], respectively; risk ratio, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.01–1.31; p = .04). Esophageal entry occurred in nine of 83 intubation attempts in the 70° group and two of 73 intubation attempts in the 90° group (risk ratio, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01–1.19; p = .04). The intubation time and the lighted stylet search time were significantly shorter in the 90° group than that in the 70° group (intubation time: 12.2 ± 2.0 s versus 14.9 ± 2.6 s, respectively; mean difference, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.87–3.43; p < .01; effect size, 1.16; lighted stylet search time: 5.4 ± 1.0 s versus 8.0 ± 1.6 s, respectively; mean difference, 2.66; 95% CI, 2.21–3.12; p < .01; effect size, 1.95).

Conclusions

Lighted stylet intubation with a 90° bend angle improved the first‐attempt success rate and reduced esophageal intubation in children aged 4–6 years with normal airways.
Kunstidamaeus arthurjacoti sp. nov. (Oribatida, Damaeidae), first report of the genus in North America
Authors: Norton Roy A. , Ermilov Sergey G. , Miko Ladislav
Published: January 2022

The oribatid mite genus Kunstidamaeus (Damaeidae) is known from 17 species distributed in Europe and Asia. Based on adult and juvenile specimens, we propose K. arthurjacoti sp. nov. as the first Nearctic species. It occurs in the eastern and midwestern USA, as well as Ontario, Canada, in diverse habitats including prairie sod, fens, and leaf litter in forests (both deciduous and coniferous). The new species fits no established species group but mixes traits of European and Asian species, including a flagellate bothridial seta, longitudinally oriented, barbed notogastral setae, and a strongly bent spina adnata. Unique traits include medial displacement of the bothridium and notogastral setae, a hypertrophied tubercle of epimeral seta 1c which closely opposes an accentuated tooth on the podocephalic tectum, and a unique development of the famulus on tarsus I.
Oxygen saturation after birth in resuscitated neonates in Uganda: a video-based observational study
Authors: Larsson Mårten , Myrnerts Höök Susanna , Mpamize Allan , Tylleskär Thorkild , Lubulwa Clare , Trevisanuto Daniele , Elfving Kristina , Pejovic Nicolas J
Published: January 2022

Background

Monitoring of peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) during neonatal resuscitation is standard of care in high-resource settings, but seldom performed in low-resource settings. We aimed to measure SpO2 and heart rate during the first 10 min of life in neonates receiving positive pressure ventilation (PPV) according to the Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) protocol and compare results with SpO2 and heart rate targets set by the American Heart Association (AHA).

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted at Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda, as a substudy of the NeoSupra Trial. SpO2 and heart rate were measured on apnoeic neonates (≥34 weeks) who received PPV according to HBB (room air). Those who remained distressed after PPV received supplemental oxygen (O2). All resuscitations were video recorded and data were extracted by video review at 1 min intervals until 10 min post partum. Data were analysed for all observations and separately for only observations before and during PPV.

Results

49 neonates were analysed. Median SpO2 at 5 min (n=39) was 67% (49–88) with 59% of the observations below AHA target of 80%. At 10 min median SpO2 (n=44) was 93% (80–97) and 32% were below AHA target of 85%. When only observations before and during PPV were analysed, median SpO2 at 5 min (n=18) was 52% (34–66) and 83% were below AHA target. At 10 min (n=15), median SpO2 was 72% (57–89) and 67% were below AHA target. Median heart rates were above AHA target of 100 beats/min at all time intervals.

Conclusions

A high proportion of neonates resuscitated with PPV after birth failed to reach the AHA SpO2 target in this small sample, implying an increased risk of hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Further studies in low-resource settings are needed to evaluate baseline data and the need for supplemental O2 and optimal SpO2 during PPV.

Trial registration number

This is a substudy to the trial ‘Neonatal Resuscitation with Supraglottic Airway Trial (NeoSupra)’; ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT03133572).
Editorial
Authors: Silva Márcia Regina da
Published: January 2022

Editorial 

InCID: R. Ci. Inf. e Doc., Ribeirão Preto, v. 12, n. 2, p. 1-3, set. 2021./fev. 2022.
Revista Aonde Vamos? Rede Ideológica e Institucional
Authors: Chermont Lucia
Published: January 2022

O artigo se propões apresentar os grupos e instituições nacionais e internacionais que sustentaram a revista Aonde Vamos? (1943-1976, RJ) suas influências ideológicas, políticas e de afinidades. Remontando este universo, por meio da história desses grupos ideológicos, políticos e das instituições e que atuaram no Brasil nos anos em que a revista esteve em atividade e que tiveram espaço nas páginas da revista, de forma renumerado ou não, para difundir suas atividades e ou projetos ideológicos e políticos. A pesquisa das instituições que constaram na revista se apresenta como um importante registro das instituições judaicas que existiram e atuaram no Brasil, salientando a história da comunidade judaica no país, a construção de uma rede institucional judaica nacional e ou internacional e suas conexões
Mini coletânea de contos pioneiros da literatura infantil hebraica
Authors: Schvartzman Gabriel Steinberg
Published: January 2022

Apresenta-se aqui uma minicoletânea de contos destinados ao público infantil, do período do renascimento do hebraico vernacular na Europa e na Terra de Israel, nas últimas décadas do século XIX e primeiras décadas do século XX. São apresentados aqui três contos de Itzhak Berkman (1870 – 1940) e dois contos de Meir Dizengoff (1861 – 1936). Itzhak Berkman foi um escritor e educador hebreu nascido na Lituânia e que viveu também nas cidades de Lodz e Varsóvia, na Polônia. Já Meir Dizengoff nascido na Bessarábia, foi um importante ativista sionista. Tornou-se mais conhecido por ter sido o primeiro prefeito da cidade de Tel Aviv, entre 1911 e 1936.
“O Cidadão do Mundo”
Authors: Cerqueira Neto Sebastião Pinheiro Gonçalves , Silva Leonardo Thompson da , Ribeiro José André
Published: January 2022

Os livros a Geografia da Fome e a Geopolítica da Fome são duas obras onde Josué de Castro expõe o pior mal que pode atingir uma sociedade, a fome. Para além do caráter científico esses dois livros também podem ser considerados dois canais de denúncias contra políticos e governantes que promovem a flagelo de milhares de pessoas tanto no Brasil ou em qualquer outra parte do planeta. Entretanto, este texto não será um resumo dedicado a essas obras, mas, um relato mais completo sobre a atuação de Josué de Castro enquanto médico, geógrafo, político, diplomata, baseado no documentário Josué de Castro: cidadão do mundo (1994). Assim como a maioria dos intelectuais brasileiros Josué de Castro foi forçado a deixar o Brasil no período da ditadura militar no país. Mas, a sua força intelectual continua até hoje ultrapassando as barreiras geográficas; agora, de forma livre.
Impact of Different Measures of Body Size on the Radiation Dose During Coronary Angiography and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Results from a Large Single Center Cohort
Authors: Verdoia Monica , Pipan Pierpaolo , Viola Orazio , Francesca Brancati Marta , La Cognata Sara , Novara Francesca , Bristot Filippo , D’Amico Giuseppina , Ravetto Cinzia , Fusco Massimo , Giachino Paolo , Tonella Manuela , Maccagni Davide , Soldà Pier Luigi , Marcolongo Marco
Published: January 2022

Efforts to reduce and optimize the radiation exposure during coronary angiography and intervention have pointed at patients’ body size as a major determinant of irradiation for the patients and operators. We aimed at comparing body weight and body mass index (BMI) among consecutive patients undergoing angiographic procedures (coronary angiography and/or interventions) in a single center. Patients were divided in normal weight (NW, BMI <25 Kg/m2) and overweight (OW, BMI ≥25 Kg/m2). Patients’ dose exposure was evaluated as dose area product (DAP), time of exposure (fluoroscopy duration), and relative DAP (DAP/minutes of exposure). We included 748 patients, 61.6% undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions and 56.8% classified as OW. OW patients were more often men ( P < .001), with history of hypertension ( P < .001) and diabetes ( P = .001). Mean DAP and relative DAP were significantly higher among OW compared with NW patients ( P < .001). DAP and relative DAP were directly related with body weight (both r = .22, P < .001); a similar linear association was also described for BMI (r = .18, P < .001 and r = .19, P < .001, respectively). At multivariate analysis, however, body weight, but not BMI, independently predicted the DAP. Therefore, body weight should be considered as the preferred indicator of body size in the setting and optimization of radiation exposure during coronary diagnostic and intervention procedures.
The Subtle Power of Global Governance and Its Ongoing Influence on Korean Education Policy
Authors: Joo Young Hyeo , Halx Mark D.
Published: January 2022

This paper analyzes the impact of global governance by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) on the Korean education policymaking from 1993 to 2017. This analysis also discusses the implications of educational governance in Korea within the context of a globalized world. We found that the inevitable influence of global governance can in fact serve national needs well if it is leavened by localized democratically derived experience. Awareness of this need to balance education policy decisions with input from the on-the-ground stakeholders, national concerns, and input from IOs like the OCED, is crucial to the ultimate success of educational programs worldwide. This balance and its success have both been demonstrated in Korea.
Comparison of statistical methods for the analysis of recurrent adverse events in the presence of non-proportional hazards and unobserved heterogeneity: a simulation study
Authors: Patson Noel , Mukaka Mavuto , Kazembe Lawrence , Eijkemans Marinus J. C. , Mathanga Don , Laufer Miriam K. , Chirwa Tobias
Published: January 2022

Background

In preventive drug trials such as intermittent preventive treatment for malaria prevention during pregnancy (IPTp), where there is repeated treatment administration, recurrence of adverse events (AEs) is expected. Challenges in modelling the risk of the AEs include accounting for time-to-AE and within-patient-correlation, beyond the conventional methods. The correlation comes from two sources; (a) individual patient unobserved heterogeneity (i.e. frailty) and (b) the dependence between AEs characterised by time-dependent treatment effects. Potential AE-dependence can be modelled via time-dependent treatment effects, event-specific baseline and event-specific random effect, while heterogeneity can be modelled via subject-specific random effect. Methods that can improve the estimation of both the unobserved heterogeneity and treatment effects can be useful in understanding the evolution of risk of AEs, especially in preventive trials where time-dependent treatment effect is expected.

Methods

Using both a simulation study and the Chloroquine for Malaria in Pregnancy (NCT01443130) trial data to demonstrate the application of the models, we investigated whether the lognormal shared frailty models with restricted cubic splines and non-proportional hazards (LSF-NPH) assumption can improve estimates for both frailty variance and treatment effect compared to the conventional inverse Gaussian shared frailty model with proportional hazard (ISF-PH), in the presence of time-dependent treatment effects and unobserved patient heterogeneity. We assessed the bias, precision gain and coverage probability of 95% confidence interval of the frailty variance estimates for the models under varying known unobserved heterogeneity, sample sizes and time-dependent effects.

Results

The ISF-PH model provided a better coverage probability of 95% confidence interval, less bias and less precise frailty variance estimates compared to the LSF-NPH models. The LSF-NPH models yielded unbiased hazard ratio estimates at the expense of imprecision and high mean square error compared to the ISF-PH model.

Conclusion

The choice of the shared frailty model for the recurrent AEs analysis should be driven by the study objective. Using the LSF-NPH models is appropriate if unbiased hazard ratio estimation is of primary interest in the presence of time-dependent treatment effects. However, ISF-PH model is appropriate if unbiased frailty variance estimation is of primary interest.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT01443130
Desiring-Material
Authors: Ghosh Ranjan
Published: January 2022

This article tries to develop a complicated relationship between the material-plastic, the desire principle, and its affective dimensions. It explores how plastic “touches” us multi-sensorially through its materiality and materialization. As ready-made, found, waste, abandoned, and obscure objects, plastic triggers and challenges the imagination and builds a variety of aesthetic affordances. It constructs and inheres in a desire-principle where the material goes beyond consumerism, cultural habituality, economic viability, the eco-catastrophic mandate, and spectrality into the (im)pure realm of art and imagination. This demonstrates how the plasticity of plastic and the plasticity of an artistic mind come into a compelling and convulsive interplay. This works through three sections. First, the “collectorial desire” where the artists in question emerge as collectors of plastic objects and construct a deeply invested negotiation with material and aesthetic-affective desire; second, the “ghosting desire” where all plastic artists are shown to have an epiphanous and analytic relationship with plastic objects as they make their way into art forms having a past life to themselves, ghostly in their objecthood and object presence; third, the “connective desire” where plastic becomes the “plastic subject” and initiates manifold becomings through instances like the plastiglomerates, the plastic-rock that expands the human-nonhuman affective arc of transmedial existence. Invested in art-interpretation and poetics of materiality, the article brings home a fresh realm of plastic-art with plastic-desire.
Alkane Oxidation with H2O2 Catalyzed by OsO4-carboxylate Adduct and Its Application to Heterogeneous Catalyst
Authors: Fujimoto Tomohiro , Ueda Yuta , Sugimoto Hideki , Nakazawa Jun , Hikichi Shiro , Itoh Shinobu
Published: January 2022

Cyclohexane is selectively oxidized to cyclohexyl hydroperoxide (P) by the reaction with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the presence of a catalytic amount of osmium tetroxide (OsO4). The product is converted to cyclohexanol (A) by the treatment with PPh3. The catalytic reactivity of OsO4 is enhanced by adding a coordinative anion such as benzoate anion. Encouraged by this result, we have developed an OsO4-immobilized heterogeneous catalyst using mesoporous silica (SBA-15) containing carboxylate groups on the surface.
Personalized health services in IoT and privacy
Authors: Παπαγεωργίου Αχιλλέας
Published: January 2022

Ένα από τα κυρίαρχα θέματα παγκοσμίως αποτελεί η εισαγωγή ασφαλών και με έμφαση στην ιδιωτικότητα, υπηρεσιών υγείας στο αναδυόμενο περιβάλλον του Διαδικτύου των Πραγμάτων. Σήμερα ένα εξαιρετικού ενδιαφέροντος πεδίο έρευνας, που διατίθεται για περαιτέρω διερεύνηση, είναι η ενίσχυση της εμπιστοσύνης, της εμπιστευτικότητας, της ακρίβειας, της ακεραιότητας, αλλά και της διαλειτουργικότητας μεταξύ των διαφορετικών περιοχών εφαρμογής και των τεχνολογιών οι οποίες εμπλέκονται στην παροχή προσωποποιημένων υπηρεσιών υγείας. Η εργασία εξετάζει και αξιολογεί διάφορες ετερογενείς εφαρμογές στην κατεύθυνση της επιτυχούς προσφοράς ασφαλών και ιδιωτικών υπηρεσιών σε τελικούς χρήστες εφαρμογών που εκμεταλλεύονται τη διάχυτη υπολογιστική και τα χαρακτηριστικά των έξυπνων περιβαλλόντων.
Longitudinal survey of self-reported level of entrustment across the first year of clinical practice
Authors: O'Connor Paul , Lydon Sinéad , Mongan Orla , Byrne Dara
Published: January 2022

Background. Newly graduated medical students often report that they lack the skills required to care for patients, and feel unprepared for clinical practice. However, little is known about when, and if, they acquire these skills in practice. The aim of this study was to assess self-reported level of entrustment in, and frequency of performance of, the seven Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) comprising the EPA framework for interns in Ireland. EPAs describe discrete activities that are essential to a particular profession.

Methods. Self-report survey data were collected from doctors in the Republic of Ireland during their first year of clinical practice at four different time points during 2020/21.

Results. Response rates to the survey varied from 73.3% (126/172) at Time 1 to 25.6% (44/172) at Time 4. After three months, the respondents reported that they could execute all of the EPAs, inclusive of 12 essential procedural skills, with indirect supervision. As the year progressed there was an increase in the proportion of respondents reporting that they performed the EPAs at least once a week. However, the proportion of respondents performing five of the essential procedural skills (e.g. nasogastric tube insertion) remained low across all time points.

Conclusion. Consideration should be given as to how to better prepare medical students to execute these EPAs, how the interns can be better supported during the first quarter of internship. The findings from this research are positive. However, there is an urgent need to carry out formal assessments of entrustability, rather than relying on self-report.