bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disaster Governance and Collective Intelligences of Construction and Design in Cities of the Global South: Ideas and Questions for Further Research
Authors: Sandoval Vicente , González-Muzzio Claudia , Valdivia Steel Lorena , Jódar Rubén , Durant Vidal Maé , Rodríguez Barrera Nguyen , Voss Martin , Van Rijs Jacob
Published: August 2022

Esta nota explora algunos vínculos entre la gobernanza de desastres y las inteligencias colectivas vinculadas a la construcción y diseño de productos en ciudades del Sur Global, al tiempo que ofrece algunas reflexiones para futuras investigaciones. Las ideas presentadas en este trabajo son el resultado de una serie de mesas redondas ocurridas el 2021 entre un grupo de especialistas en el área de estudios sobre desastres e inteligencias colectivas. La metodología se basó en temas discutidos previamente y preguntas orientadoras para explorar tales vínculos: ¿Tienen las inteligencias colectivas el poder de transformar estructuras sociales superiores en el ámbito de la construcción y la gestión del riesgo?; ¿cómo puede la gobernanza (formal) de los desastres y la urbana tratar con las inteligencias colectivas? Los resultados fueron sistematizados y resumidos en este trabajo. Algunos resultados señalan la necesidad de conectar el desarrollo urbano, la gobernanza de desastres, las inteligencias colectivas y la producción arquitectónica para futuras investigaciones y prácticas. Soluciones urbanas oportunas y contextualizadas que maximicen la (re)utilización de los escasos recursos comunitarios podrían ser una buena alternativa para atender la creciente demanda de vivienda y nuevos productos que resuelvan problemas básicos y al mismo tiempo fortalezcan la resiliencia ante desastres.
Fibre optics and foot operated microscope control equipment to assist in the preparation of fossils
Authors: Whybrow Peter J.
Published: August 2022

The use of fibre optic lighting and newly developed equipment for the remote control of focus and zoom of a stereo binocular microscope is described.
Unpleasant affordability of Mohajir group and their daily livings, suffocating their personals need to resolve
Authors: howlader Arun Kanti
Published: August 2022

Identical refugee crisis initiated from 1947 after the biliteral partition based on
religion, ethnicity & willingness named Mohajir still being a non-predictable question to
developing countries leader. Based on recent perspective unknown & unpredictable
rehabilitation procedures developed by the Government of Bangladesh established many
unanswered historical questions. Before rehabilitation, basic human rights & biliteral benefits
like subsidized quota should be an inclusive perspective towards solving the migrant issues
rather than rehabilitation and patronization.
Benefits And Approaches Of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Vasista Kola
Published: August 2022

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is going to undoubtedly very soon go to the facility of every significant technical devices on earth, featuring remittances, conformity, economical markets, protection as well as also self-defense, health care along with Internet of Things (IoT). A specific work indicates that the layout of the inputs as well as additional outcomes is known.
Reflections of Dr. B.R Ambedkar’s Idea of Social Justice
Authors: Lone Shabir Ahmad
Published: August 2022

Dr. B. R. Ambedkar is revered as a hero for his role in advancing equality. Bhimrao
Ramji Ambedkar was an instrumental figure in the formation of our nation's constitution and
was one of the principal authors of it. He made it illegal to discriminate against those who were
considered to be of a lower caste or to be untouchable, and he worked toward establishing
equality among the citizens of our nation. He stated that he had faith in a community that could
support the ideals of friendship, equality, and fraternity. However, in the early days of our
nation, a man who had done so much for our country had been subjected to numerous cruelties
because of his caste. Dr. Bhimrao Babasaheb Ramji Ambedkar was a renegade who challenged
the social order in which the contradiction of caste and class had been apparent for years. His
egalitarian philosophy was "one man, one value," and it was based on the belief that everyone
should be treated equally. Dr. Ambedkar worked hard to change the pre-existing social order
based on caste and class, and he strove to plant the seed of social justice. He accomplished this
by lobbying for a wide range of causes, including the plight of the caste system and
untouchability, human rights, labour rights, women's rights, and, most crucially, Indian
politics. Because he was born into a mahar family in the state of Maharashtra, he was subjected
to the humiliations and discrimination that came with being an untouchable. According to B.
R. Ambedkar, social justice is a method for constructing an ideal society or a society that is just.
According to him, a just society is one that does not practise caste, is founded on the ideals of
social justice, and incorporates all three of the following elements: liberty, equality, and
fraternity. Ambedkar's vision for the perfect society is underpinned by a commitment to a pair
of core values. The purpose of the study is to describe and analyse the concept of social justice
that was conceived of by B.R. Ambedkar, who was the architect of the Indian constitution.
Impact of Information and Communication Technology (Ict) On the Curriculum Upgradation and Career Aspiration of Students
Authors: Akther Fatima
Published: August 2022

Information Technology encompasses a wide range of functionalities, including
communication, processing, reservations, and multimedia. Information and
communication technology (ICT) or information technology and communication (ITC)
refers to the primary role that communication networks perform. Modern educational
systems make extensive use of ICT (information and communication technology). Because
of its adaptability and the potential to foster connections among students, ICT plays a
significant role in advancing academic understanding. Student interest and attitude toward
their future profession or occupation is linked to their aim for a specific vocation. For
students, career desire is a combination of the ability to identify and create objectives for
the future, as well as to be inspired in the present toward those goals. Indigenous students
are looking at a variety of options for their futures in the digital era. In the ICT industry,
new technologies are continually being launched. Social Network Manager, IT Architect,
Knowledge Management and Web Specialist are just few of the new ICT roles created by
new technology. There are still existing job titles like "Systems Analyst," "Project
Manager," and "Programmer.
A Review Article on Transdermal Drug Delivery System Based On- Microneedles
Authors: Kanchan Butola
Published: August 2022

Every drug delivery system should work toward preserving the drug's appropriate dose and facilitating its full metabolism within the body. Transdermal delivery of very large ionic and hydrophilic molecules is made possible by the microneedle array. Studies on the effectiveness of microneedles have been conducted extensively. Soon, the market for commercial microneedle-based goods will grow, and they may eventually have a major impact on clinical medicine. This article provides an overview of microneedles, discussing their history, many varieties, current state, potential applications, and recent technological developments.
مقارنة الطريقة المقترحة (AUGJRR) مع الطرائق المتحيزة لتقديرانحدار الحرف العامة بوجود التعدد الخطي
Authors: حسين سجى , يوسف حنين
Published: August 2022

ان تقدير معلمات الااانموذج الخطي العام الذي يعاني من خرق في احدى فروضه وهو تعدد العلاقة الخطية (Multicollinearity) بين المتغيرات التوضيحية شبه التام يكون باستعمال طرائق تقدير انحدار الحرف العام والذي سيتركز عليه اهتمامنا في هذا البحث مثل:•Generalized Ridge Regression Estimator (GRRE،(•Modified Jackknife Ridge Regression (MJRRE(.•Generalized Jackknife Ridge Regression (GJRRE).•Generalized Liu Estimator (GLE).•Almost unbiased Generalized Liu (AUGLE(.•Generalized Ridge Regression Almost unbiased (AUGRRE).بالاضافة الى الطريقة المقترحة:•Almost unbiased Generalized Jackknife Ridge (AUGJRRE)حيث تم في هذا البحث اشتقاق طريقة (AUGJRR) لتقدير معلمات الااانموذج الذي يعاني من مشكلة التعدد الخطي وتمت مقارنة الطريقة المقترحة مع الطرائق المذكورة اعلاه بالاضافة الى طريقة(OLS). وكانت النتيجة بإن أفضل المقدرات هما المقدر (AUGLE) والمقدر المقترح (AUGJRRE)والمقدر (AUGRRE) حيث يمتلكون اقل متوسط مربعات خطأ (MSE) مقارنة مع مقدر المربعات الصغرى وبقية المقدرات المتحيزة الاخرى.
أثر التكامل بين تحليل القيمة وسلسلة القيمة في تخفيض التكاليف دراسة تطبيقية في شركة الصناعات الخفيفة العراقية
Authors: البياتي حسام
Published: August 2022

تسعي الإدارة في الوحدات الاقتصادية الى تحقيق أهدافها الاستراتيجية من خلال إعداد وتنفيذ الخطط لمواجهة المنافسين بالأسواق )المحلية والأجنبية( وتلبية احتياجات العملاء من المنتجات والخدمات بمواصفات وأسعار منافسة، بالإضافة الى تحقيق القيمة المضافة لأصحاب المصلحة. لذا، تلجأ بعض تلك الوحدات الاقتصادية الى إتباع أساليب متنوعة لمواجهة الضغوط التي تواجهها، كتقليص بعض الأنشطة أو تخفيض التكاليف أو تغيير الأسعار والتوسع في تقديم خدمات ما بعد البيع إلا أن تلك الأساليب بمفردها قد لا تحل كافة المشكلات.ويمكن لمنظمات الأعمال تحقيق الميزة التنافسية سواء بتقديم منتجات جديدة أو تخفيض تكاليف المنتجات الحالية وذلك باستخدام أساليب تحليل القيمة وسلسلة القيمة للوصول الى التكلفة المستهدفة والبيع بأسعار منافسة، وذلك كهدف استراتيجي. ولكن قد يواجه تحقيق هذا الهدف حدوث بعض المشكلات التطبيقية ذات الصلة باتخاذ بعض القرارات، كاستبعاد بعض الأنشطة التي لا تُضيف قيمة للمنتج او للوحدة الاقتصادية أو تخفيض بعض التكاليف، كما يتعين دراستها وتحليل آثارها على منتجات وأنشطة الوحدة الاقتصادية لذا تم صياغة مشكلة البحث بالتساؤل الآتي:•هل ان استعمال تحليل القيمة وسلسلة القيمة يحسن قيمة المنتج ويخفض تكاليفه مما يحسن الوضع التنافسي للوحدة الاقتصادية ؟اما اهم نتائج البحث يعتبر اسلوب تحليل القيمة و سلسلة القيمة بمثابة حجر الأساس لاكتساب ميزة تنافسية والمحافظة عليها، حيث يعمل اسلوب تحليل القيمة تحسين او الغاء وظائف المنتج في حين يعمل سلسلة القيمة على إعادة تجميع أنشطة الوحدة الاقتصادية بأسلوب يدعم الانشطة التي تضيف قيمة ويستبعد الانشطة التي لا تضيف قيمة وفق أسلوب يسمح بفهم مسببات التكاليف، ومصادر التمييز.
On-Line Auto-Tuning Robust Nonlinear Neural PID Controller Design for Double-Pipe Heat Exchanger Based on Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Abd Al-Ameer Hayder
Published: August 2022

The heat exchanger systems have highly nonlinear features between its variables and time delay. In addition, the parameters of them change constantly during operation. Therefore, the heat exchangers need nonlinear robust controller for obtaining required outlet temperature under all operating conditions.In this paper, a robust nonlinear neural PID (NLNPID) controller is proposed for temperature control of double-pipe heat exchanger. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique is used to determine on line auto tuning the optimal parameters of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. Mathematical model of heat exchanger takes into account the changes in the density, thermal conductivity, viscosity, specific heat and convection heat transfer coefficient of the fluid which are resulting from changing in temperatures and the velocities with classical PID control. Simulations results show that the performance of the NLNPID controller produces good responses features and give desired outlet temperature under all operating conditions without over shoot and fluctuating.
The Effect of Hypertension and Beta-Blocker Antihypertensive Drug on Bone Mineral Density Value At the Mandibular Cortex in Mental and Gonial Regions in Hounsfield Unite Using Computed Tomographic Study
Authors: Hussein Marwa , Fatah Ahlam
Published: August 2022

Computed tomography is a medical technique that measures bone mineral density. Both hypertension and Beta-Blocker antihypertensive drug are associated with abnormality in calcium metabolism .The aim of this study was to study the effect of hypertension and Beta Blocker antihypertensive drug on bone mineral density in Hounsfield unite using computed tomography. Material and Method: This prospective study was conducted on computed tomographic image of 150 men aged between (35- 85) years. Data were grouped into three categories according to their blood pressure: normotensive group (n=50), Hypertensive treated for > 8 months group (n=50) and Untreated hypertensive/recently diagnosed group (n=50).. Bone mineral densities were measured in each sample in both mental and gonial areas in Hounsfield unite.Results: There were a statically significant difference in bone mineral density in both mental and gonial area among the three study groups. Bone mineral density was highest in group 2 and lowest in group 3. P value was < 0.001 among the three study groups. There was a positive linear correlation between bone mineral density and the duration of antihypertensive drug used and there was a negative linear correlation between bone mineral density and duration of hypertension diseaseConclusion: Computed tomography is a good diagnostic method to measure the value of bone mineral density in hypertensive patients. Bone mineral density is highly affected by increasing blood pressure and by antihypertensive treatment and affected by duration of the disease and the treatment.
Clinical Evaluation of the Efficacy of 10% Carbamide Peroxide Bleaching Agent Used During Night-Time and Day-Time
Authors: Abd-Alla Manal
Published: August 2022

This split-arch clinical study was performed to compare the effects of using 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching agent for one hour twice a day with its use for 8 hours/night on tooth color change, color stability and sensitivity. Method: Bleaching trays, with reservoirs for the six maxillary anterior teeth, were fabricated for 12 volunteers. The trays were cut into two halves between the left and right central incisors (day-side vs. night-side) to be used with 10% carbamide peroxide for two weeks. The day-side tray was applied for one hour twice a day, while the night-side was applied for 8 hours overnight. Objective color measurements, using a colorimeter, were adopted to measure the color of the teeth of the two sides at the baseline appointment and at 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 weeks. Total color difference (ΔE*) between two color measurements was calculated for all periods. Teeth and soft-tissue sensitivity were self-recorded for both sides during the bleaching weeks and the following week. Both Student's t-test and Tukey's test were used to compare ΔE* between the two sides and with time at p
Efficacy of Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Cystic Neck Masses Confirmed By Histopathological Examination
Authors: Radhi Sarab , Gabash Khairallah , Al-Nakib Lamia
Published: August 2022

Cystic lesion of the neck is one of the lesions that fall under the umbrella of congenital and acquired neck masses. Ultrasonography plays an important role in the diagnosis of these lesions. The aim of this study is to highlight the efficacy of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of cystic lesions of the neck area.Materials and methods: 43 patients presented with palpable neck mass were examined clinically and scanned by ultrasonography, these patients were divided into three groups according to the histopathological examination of the cystic lesions, group 1 was 32 patients with thyroglossal duct cyst, group 2 was 8 patients with cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis and group 3 was 3 patients with branchial cleft cyst. FNAC was done and the aspirate sent for cytological, bacteriological and biochemical assessments were done for more confirmation. Plain X ray for the chest, Computed tomography (CT) if the lesion is deep seated or to detect the primary neoplastic lesion if great suspicion is present.Results: The accuracy of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of thyroglossal duct cyst was 94.4%, cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis and branchial cleft cyst were 80%.Conclusion: Despite the need for further radiological investigation like CT scan in some patients, ultrasonography remains the first line investigative tool with high sensitivity and specificity.
Investigation of the External Loads Applied on the PVC and PE Pressurized Pipes
Authors: Salih Humam , Jalghef Humam
Published: August 2022

The irrigation systems, water supply system, sewage water system ….etc. Dealing with many types of pipes and fittings depending on the applications. The current study was concert on test the polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes experimentally and theoretically under external loads and internal pressure to simulate the application conditions of pipes which are buried under ground used to transit the fluid under pressure such as drink water, sewage water or any other purpose and find out the deformation, stress and strain due to this loads. The tested was carried out for two size (actual and standard) of the two pipes (PE and PVC). The external load represented by a force in range (10-50KN), and the internal loads represented in pressure in range (5-20 bar). In the experiment a hydraulic press was used to supply the external load and hydraulic pump to supply the internal pressure with two adapter on the two end of tested pipe. The results showed that the deformation, stress and strain increase with increase in internal and external loads and the peak values of that were in the maximum internal and external loads (20 bar internal pressure and 50KN external force), also the experimental tests match the numerical calculation for both actual and standard size.
Crypto has an emissions challenge: Here’s what leaders can do about it
Authors:   Tony Blair Institute for Global Change, UK, Packard Lauren , Singh Ariana Kiran , Oguntoye Olamide
Published: August 2022

Reaching a market capitalization of more than $3 trillion last year and today remaining well over the $1 trillion mark, investor interest in cryptocurrency continues to soar. Yet with bitcoin alone estimated to use up to 120.9 terawatt-hours of electricity annually — more than that used by Portugal in a year – so too is interested in crypto’s carbon footprint. The question for governments is how best to help decouple crypto from carbon. This paper argues for a tiered package of incentives and regulations to maximize the use of clean energy and promote energy efficiency in crypto-mining operations. Specifically, policymakers must: (1) support efficiency innovation by incentivizing miners to switch to less energy-intensive designs while addressing issues related to software and hardware upgrades, including better e-waste management, and (2) incentivize clean-energy use while tackling the challenges arising from the intermittency of renewables, grid strain and other the negative side effects of crypto-mining, and the challenges around auditing. While carbon offsets are increasingly popular within the crypto sector, policymakers should be wary as offsets do not address the root causes of carbon pollution. Offsets should only be used as a last resort. Outright bans on crypto mining have unintended consequences. On the other hand, a laissez-faire approach would clearly exacerbate the climate crisis. As crypto attracts more interest, a pragmatic way forward is to balance its risks and opportunities by adopting the right mix of regulations and incentives. In so doing, governments can ensure crypto mining does not undermine international climate goals.
Mapas de ruído: histórico e levantamento da atual produção brasileira
Authors: Brasileiro Tamáris da Costa , Alves Luciana da Rocha , Florêncio Débora Nogueira Pinto , Araújo Virginia M. D. , Araujo Bianca Carla Dantas de
Published: August 2022

O mapeamento do ruído é a uma ferramenta de análise acústica do espaço urbano adequada ao estudo da poluição sonora, pois permite a localização dos principais pontos críticos de ruído de uma determinada área e tem como objetivo o controle, a melhoria e a preservação da qualidade sonora. No Brasil essa ferramenta ainda é pouco utilizada, devido à inexistência de leis nacionais e normas técnicas que a tornem obrigatória. Esse artigo tem como objetivo reunir os dados sobre os mapas de ruído existentes no Brasil, como forma de possibilitar a criação futura de leis ou normas para a construção de mapas com uma linguagem única que permita realizar comparações entre cidades e estabelecer formas de gestão de ruído ambiental integradas. Para realizar o levantamento dos mapas elaborados no Brasil, foram coletados, nas bases de pesquisas nacionais (Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações ─ BDTD e Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior ─ CAPES), nos anais de eventos de conforto ambiental e acústica, e nos sites das prefeituras e secretarias de estado, os trabalhos desenvolvidos sobre o tema. Esse artigo apresenta, em ordem cronológica, os mapas realizados em trabalhos acadêmicos e estudos em órgãos públicos. A maioria dos mapas referese ao ruído de tráfego. No entanto, outros tipos de mapeamentos podem ser realizados, a exemplo da espacialização de denúncias de poluição sonora.
HIV client’s satisfaction with home delivery of antiretrovirals in Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria: A pilot study
Authors:   Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria, Nnenna Ajagu , Ogochukwu Offu ,   Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria, Kennedy Oluigbo Emeka ,   Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmaceutics, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Agbani, Nigeria., Ifeoma Ani Njideka ,   Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Agbani, Nigeria., Obinna Okolo Kenneth ,   Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Agbani, Nigeria., Sunday Nduka ,   Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria, Obinna Ekwunife Ikechukwu ,   Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria,   Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmaceutics, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Agbani, Nigeria.
Published: August 2022

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients are faced with the challenge of the frequent visit to an already congested Nigerian hospital for antiretroviral (ARV) refills. Although various decentralization strategies have been adopted to reduce frequent visits to the hospital for antiretroviral (ARV) refills, none has analyzed client satisfaction with the home delivery in Nigeria. Objective: This study aims to develop and validate a questionnaire for assessing HIV-infected patients’ satisfaction with Home Delivery of antiretrovirals in Nigeria. Method: The study is a cross-sectional pilot study carried among people living with HIV that are virally suppressed in Abuja Nigeria, between October 2020 to December 2020. Two hundred and ten self-administered questionnaires were distributed conveniently during the regular antiretroviral home refill by the home delivery personnel. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics were conducted for the demographics. The variables were categorized into domains and analyzed into groups. Cross tabulation was used to show the relationship between variables and among the demographics. Differences in means were analyzed with T-Test and analysis of variance, a p-value of <0.05 was considered to be significant. Result: All distributed questionnaires were filled and retrieved. All the items in the satisfaction with the home delivery questionnaire showed an internal consistency of ≥ 0.7. Most of the clients were generally satisfied with the antiretroviral delivery model. Conclusion: The clients that received their antiretroviral refill at home are generally satisfied with the delivery model.
Biopolymer pneumonitis a differential diagnosis in covid-19 era: A case report and review of the literature
Authors:   Department of Internal Medicine, Mexico´s General Hospital “Dr Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico., Bermudez J Romero , Villarroel L González- ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Mexico´s General Hospital “Dr Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico.
Published: August 2022

Background: The use of biopolymers became popular in the 40s in Europe and Asia with aesthetic purposes and extended in the 60s to the United States starting with two aesthetic approaches until nowadays. The first case report of pneumonitis due to biopolymers was in 1975, since then many complications with different outcomes were published. Here we present a case report of pneumonitis due to biopolymers with full recovery. Case Summary: A 30-year-old man undergone multiple aesthetic procedures, including the injection of biopolymers in the lips, buttocks, and sclerotherapy for the presence of varicose veins, came to the emergency room with dizziness and dyspnea one day after the application of biopolymer in the buttocks. On physical examination the patient was afebrile, with tachycardia, tachypnea, and an SO2 of 88%. Upon admission blood and image tests were performed, which showed respiratory alkalosis, reticular pattern, and elevated D-Dimer; given the COVID-19 pandemic, and due to the signs and symptoms, SARS CoV-2 infection was considered, and a PCR was performed with negative result, cause of the abrupt of presentation and high risk for pulmonary thromboembolism a CT angiography was performed, and the diagnostic impression was pneumonitis secondary to the use of biopolymers. We established oxygen support during hospitalization and corticosteroids for 28 days with full recovery. Conclusion: This case highlights the ultimate importance of differential diagnosis for lung disease and the need to establish guidelines for treatment.
Granulocytic Sarcoma with unusual localizations (breast and stomach) without Bone Marrow involvement after the Allogeneic Transplantation
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Hematology, Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey., Solmaz Serife , Gul Gulen ,   Assistan Professor, Department of Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey., Alacacioglu Inci ,   Professor, Department of Hematology, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine Hematology, Izmir, Turkey., Demirkan Fatih ,   Professor, Department of Hematology, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine Hematology, Izmir, Turkey., Ozsan Guner Hayri ,   Professor, Department of Hematology, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine Hematology, Izmir, Turkey., Balci Pinar ,   Professor, Department of Radiology, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Radiology, Izmir, Turkey., Ozkal Sermin ,   Professor, Department of Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey., Ozcan Mehmet Ali ,   Professor, Department of Hematology, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine Hematology, Izmir, Turkey.
Published: August 2022

Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) is a rare extramedullary solid tumor composed of immature myeloid cell that is associated with acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome. Espe­cially, the involvement of the breast as a pattern of relapse after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation ( allo SCT) is extremely rare. We report the case of a 57-year-old woman who palpated a painless lump in the superior quadrant of her right breast. Her past medical history was a myelodysplastic syndrome ( MDS) treated with bone marrow transplantation. Imaging work-up by mammogram and ultrasonography ( US ) showed solitary mass suspect of malignancy in breast. Tru-cut biopsy was performed from the suspect palpable mass of the right breast. Histologic findings were compatible with a granulocytic sarcoma in breast. While she was also evaluated for mass in the breast, also investigated by endoscopy for the symptoms of gastrointestinal system. The endoscopic biopsy showed diffuse neoplastic infiltration similar the pathology of the breast. GS of the breast is a rare extramedullary involvement of hematologic diseases. There are no the specific radyologic features in the presentation with GS of the breast. Our case also showed that careful histopathological review along with all panel of immunohistochemistry is extremely important for diagnose.
Paravertebral hydatid cyst: A rare case report
Authors:   Department of General and Vascular surgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Kakaei Farzad , Kermani Touraj Asvadi ,   Department of General and Vascular surgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., M Rojin Farzaneh ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Tarvirdizade Kosar ,   Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
Published: August 2022

Hydatidosis is a common disease in cattle-raising areas and mostly involves liver (65-75%), lungs (25-30%) and less commonly bones, spine, spleen, pericardium, myocardium and muscles. Muscular hydatidosis especially in paravertebral muscles is very rare. This article presents a case of paravertebral hydatidosis without spinal cord involvement which she was treated by surgery and medication. Therefore, hydatid cyst should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses of all cystic lesions especially in endemic areas. This provides an opportunity to being technically prepared to choose the right approach of intervention and treatment.
Peri-Caecal internal hernia: A case report and review of the literature
Authors:   Visceral Surgery Departments (A And B) Of The Sylvanus Olympio Hospital And University Center, Togo., RA Gayito Adagba , AL Azakpa ,   Visceral Surgery Departments (A And B) Of The Sylvanus Olympio Hospital And University Center, Togo., Aholou Mar ,   Visceral Surgery Departments (A And B) Of The Sylvanus Olympio Hospital And University Center, Togo., J Amegble ,   Visceral Surgery Departments (A And B) Of The Sylvanus Olympio Hospital And University Center, Togo., Cp Miyanhouande ,   Visceral Surgery Departments (A And B) Of The Sylvanus Olympio Hospital And University Center, Togo., N Gbotounou ,   Visceral Surgery Departments (A And B) Of The Sylvanus Olympio Hospital And University Center, Togo., R Agonhou ,   Visceral Surgery Departments (A And B) Of The Sylvanus Olympio Hospital And University Center, Togo., S Seynaeve ,   Visceral Surgery Departments (A And B) Of The Sylvanus Olympio Hospital And University Center, Togo., L Duchnycz ,   Visceral Surgery Departments (A And B) Of The Sylvanus Olympio Hospital And University Center, Togo., O Boisnard ,   Visceral Surgery Departments (A And B) Of The Sylvanus Olympio Hospital And University Center, Togo., M De Voghel ,   Visceral Surgery Departments (A And B) Of The Sylvanus Olympio Hospital And University Center, Togo., A Osorio ,   Visceral Surgery Departments (A And B) Of The Sylvanus Olympio Hospital And University Center, Togo., L Pampalone ,   Visceral Surgery Departments (A And B) Of The Sylvanus Olympio Hospital And University Center, Togo., K Adabra ,   Visceral Surgery Departments (A And B) Of The Sylvanus Olympio Hospital And University Center, Togo.
Published: August 2022

Hydatidosis is a common disease in cattle-raising areas and mostly involves liver (65-75%), lungs (25-30%) and less commonly bones, spine, spleen, pericardium, myocardium and muscles. Muscular hydatidosis especially in paravertebral muscles is very rare. This article presents a case of paravertebral hydatidosis without spinal cord involvement which she was treated by surgery and medication. Therefore, hydatid cyst should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses of all cystic lesions especially in endemic areas. This provides an opportunity to being technically prepared to choose the right approach of intervention and treatment.
Wide excision of eyelid tarsus with superficial lamellar lid margin tarsus excision for palpebral conjunctival melanoma
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan., Chen Wei-Tsun , Wei Li-Chen ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan., Shih Vanita ,   Highschool, Morrison Academy Taichung, Taichung, Taiwan., Wang Chun-Yuan ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan., Hu Yu-Hsuan ,   Department of Pathology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
Published: August 2022

Conjunctival melanoma (CM) rarely occurs in the Chinese population. It is found more often in the non-bulbar area with worse prognosis compared with Caucasians. No consensus is reached regarding the standard surgical treatment of palpabral CM. We presented a 39-year-old Chinese female who developed CM at her right eye, involving superonasal palpebral conjunctiva, superonasal bulbar conjunctiva and medial caruncle. We excised the lesion including underlying Tenon capsule and the main part of underlying tarsus with a maximum clear margin of 4 mm, while sparing the tarsus of the eyelid margin. We applied a hemi-depth lamellar incision on the eyelid margin tarsus to preserve the contour of eyelid. Double freeze-thaw cryotherapy was applied to the excision margin, and the conjunctival deficit was closed by an amniotic membrane graft. We provided post-operation adjuvant chemotherapy with 0.02% mitomycin C three times daily for a schedule of three weeks on, one week off. Good cosmetic outcome was achieved with no recurrence in the following 36 months. Tarsus is important in lid function and for aesthetic appearance. To achieve wide-enough safety margin and intact eyelid contour, we presented a new simple approach with good cosmetic outcome and desirable disease control in palpebral CM surgery.
A review of high glycemic index (gi) in relation to risk of parkinson’s disease
Authors:   Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal., Jafarzadehgharehziaaddin Mohsen , Parizad Mohammad Amin ,   Assistant of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Marahem Marzieh ,   Department of physiology and pharmacology, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Beheshtirouy Samad ,   Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz, University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, Jafarzadeh Asma ,   Department of Anesthesiology, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz, University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Published: August 2022

Objective: The objective was to investigate whether a diet with high glycemic index (GI) is associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and changes that happen at levels of methylglyoxal (MGO), oligomeric α-synuclein (α-syn), and DJ-1. Materials and Methods: This reviewed study was carried out by doing search in Scholar Google, PubMed and Elsevier databases using keywords such as Parkinson’s disease, high glycemic index (GI), methylglyoxal (MGO), α-synuclein (α-syn), DJ-1. Approximately 40 articles were selected that were fully reviewed. Conclusions: High GI diets may be risk factor for developing PD by increasing a-syn oligomerization and advanced glycated end products (AGEs) formation. Intake of dietary fiber. Appear to be beneficial in reducing PD.
Comparative antimicrobial efficacy of 2% chlorhexidine and Cupral paste along with electrophoresis in the apical region of root canals obstructed with a fractured instrument
Authors:   DDS, MSc. Associate Professor of Endodontics, Dental school, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Aminsobhani Mohsen , Zivdar Majid ,   DDS, Dentist, Dental school, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., ashtiani Amin Shiri ,   DDS, Department of Endodontics, School of dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran., Fidler Aleš ,   DMD, PhD, Department of endodontics and restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia., Ketabi Mohammad Ali ,   DDS, MSc. Assistant professor of endodontics, Dental School, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Published: August 2022

Background and Objectives: Fracture of rotary files in the root canal system is a relatively common incident that obstructs access to the apical region and negatively affects treatment outcome. This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) and Cupral paste along with electrophoresis in the apical region of root canals obstructed with a fractured instrument. Materials and Methods: In this ex-vivo experimental study, the root canals of 72 extracted single-rooted single-canal human teeth were instrumented, sterilized, and inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). A rotary file was intentionally fractured at 3 mm from the apex. The teeth were randomly divided into 6 groups of positive control, electrophoresis with 2% CHX, electrophoresis with Cupral paste, electrophoresis alone, irrigation with 2% CHX alone, and application of Cupral paste alone. The apical 3 mm of the root canals was then cut, and the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) in this region was counted. Data were analyzed by one- way ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Results: All interventions decreased the bacterial count in the apical region. The difference in the bacterial count was significant among the 6 groups (P=0.00). Electrophoresis with Cupral paste showed superior antimicrobial efficacy than other groups, but its efficacy was not significantly higher than that of electrophoresis with 2% CHX (P>0.05). Conclusion: Electrophoresis with 2% CHX and Cupral paste yielded comparably efficacy for reduction of E. faecalis count in the apical region of root canals obstructed by a fractured instrument.
Bariatric Surgeries and Liposuction are not Risk-free nor Magic
Authors:   *Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada, Ghanemi Abdelaziz
Published: August 2022

Surgical practice represents an important field of modern medicine. It has allowed to save lives, cure diseases that were without a positive outcome and open novel doors. It is expected that its future [1] would involve robotics [2].
Therapeutic management of gliosarcoma in the stupp protocol and temozolomide era
Authors:   Radiation Oncology Clinic, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Via Gallino, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland., Cammalleri Claudio , Pesce Gianfranco Angelo ,   Radiation Oncology Clinic, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Via Gallino, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland., Spina Paolo ,   Institute of Pathology, EOC, Locarno, Switzerland., Marchi Francesco ,   Department of of Neurosurgery, Regional Hospital of Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland., Valli Mariacarla ,   Radiation Oncology Clinic, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Via Gallino, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland., Martucci Francesco ,   Radiation Oncology Clinic, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Via Gallino, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland., Deantonio Letizia ,   Radiation Oncology Clinic, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Via Gallino, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland., Richetti Antonella ,   Radiation Oncology Clinic, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Via Gallino, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland., Bosetti Davide Giovanni ,   Radiation Oncology Clinic, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Via Gallino, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Published: August 2022

Background: The clinical management of primary gliosarcoma grade IV with curative intent is not entirely defined and the available data are limited, so the therapeutic management may be a challenge The application of the Stupp protocol may be the only effective treatment option. Case report: We report the case of a 57-year-old woman with a gliosarcoma of the left frontal lobe treated in a curative intent. She underwent craniotomy, followed by adjuvant radioterapy and 6 cycles of temozolomide, according to the Stupp protocol, resulting in complete response after 3.5 years from diagnosis. Conclusions: Gliosarcoma and glioblastoma are different histopathological entities and the use of the Stupp protocol, specifically studied for glioblastoma, is an off label application of the treatment protocol. Efforts should be focused in order to assess the efficacy of this treatment modality and then on the prognosis carried by gliosarcoma tumor type.
The Influence of the COVID‑19 Pandemic on Pediatric Head Trauma
Authors: İŞLER Yeşim , KAYA Halil
Published: August 2022

Background: We compared the pre-COVID-19 (2019–2020) and COVID-19 (2020–2021) periods in terms of the incidence of pediatric head trauma (PHT) cases. The incidence of PHT during the pre- COVID-19 pandemic (PCP) and COVID-19 pandemic (CP) periods was investigated.

Materials and Methods: A total of 6,158 patients with PHT seen in a tertiary emergency department between March 15, 2019 and March 15, 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. 1,198 patients for whom were included in the study. The age, gender, type of trauma, Glasgow Coma Scale score, computerized brain tomography findings, and consultation results of the patients were recorded.

Results: The records of 729 and 469 PHT cases in the PCP and CP periods were analyzed, respectively. The number of patients with PHT was significantly lower in the CP period (p < 0.001). While the incidence rates of falls, traffic accidents, and bicycle accidents were higher in the PCP period (p > 0.05), trauma rates were lower in the CP period (p < 0.001). The incidence of falling from a height was highest in the 7–12 years age group (p < 0.05). Cranial fracture, and epidural, subdural, and intracranial bleeding rates, were higher (p > 0.05) in the PCP period. While the mortality rate was higher in the PCP period, the treatment refusal rate was higher in the CP period (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: The rate of PHT decreased, while treatment refusal rates increased during the CP period. However, mortality rates due to PHTs were higher before the CP.
D-Dimer Levels and Prognostic Features in Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: KURTOĞLU Burak , ÇIKRIKLAR Halil İbrahim , DURAK Vahide Aslıhan , OMAR Issa , YILMAZ Ahmet Münir , SARKI CANDER Sümeyye Tuğba , ARMAGAN Erol
Published: August 2022

Background: The aim of our study is to investigate the efficacy of D-dimer marker in patients who applied to the emergency department with a preliminary diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.

Materials and methods: This study was conducted retrospectively at Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine Hospital between January 2018 and December 2018. Patients whose D-dimer levels were checked considering the preliminary diagnosis of pulmonary embolism were included in the study.

Results: A total of 3411 patients were included in the study. In all patients, the diagnosis of PE was made by computed tomography pulmonary angiography. Examination of 1968 patients with (+) D-dimer revealed new diagnosis in 702 patients (35.67%). Pulmonary embolism was diagnosed in a total of 74 patients (10.54%) whereas the most common alternative diagnoses was 33.62% (n=236) pneumonia. On examination of 1443 patients with negative D-dimer levels, pulmonary embolism was diagnosed in 7 (3.14%) patients whereas the most common other diagnoses was 44.84% (n=100) Acute Coronary Syndrome. However, in the D-dimer positive patient group, the rate of newly diagnosed patients requiring clinical and intensive care hospitalization was found to be significantly higher.

Conclusion: In conclusion, even if pulmonary embolism is not detected in D-dimer positive cases, it is thought that these patients need further investigation, considering the frequency of serious conditions requiring clinical and intensive care unit admission.
O USO DE RECURSOS ELETRÔNICOS NA TRADUÇÃO DE TEXTOS BILÍNGUES
Authors: Lepri Larissa
Published: August 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar parte do resultado de uma pesquisa terminológica bilíngue inglês/português das unidades terminológicas utilizadas em operações de voo, da área da aviação e da subárea de operações de vôo, baseados em minha tese de Doutorado, à qual teve como objetivo/pressuposto/motivação, a elaboração de um glossário, do par de língua bilíngüe: inglês-português de termos comuns da área da aviação.Os termos usados nesta pesquisa são termos isolados e expressões retiradas do universo da Aviação. A finalidade é dar suporte a acadêmicos e profissionais da aviação que se interessem pela pesquisa de termos da área de aviação, tais como profissionais da área e pesquisadores em geral, tradutores e professores de idiomas, interessados na linguagem especializada. Poderá servir, também, como material que possibilite identificar e memorizar os termos correspondentes ao universo da aviação, por meio da associação entre o termo e a sua pronúncia, além de demonstrar a metodologia utilizada para a criação dos mesmos, caso esses pesquisadores se interessem pela produção de seu próprio material.
The Practice of Paradiplomacy in Indo-Pacific Region: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Novialdi Risky , Rassanjani Saddam , Ramadani Ismar
Published: August 2022

This study discusses local governments' opportunities and challenges in practising paradiplomacy in the Indo-Pacific region. A country's central government owns the authority to practice international relations, and local governments also own this authority through paradiplomacy practices. This study uses qualitative research methods by searching for theoretical references relevant to cases or problems found in various literature, mainly scientific journals, books, reports, and actual and trusted news on the internet. This paper aims to reveal local governments' opportunities and challenges in paradigmatic practice, especially in the Indo-Pacific region. From the analysis results, the practice of paradiplomacy in the Indo Pacific. This paper aims to reveal local governments' opportunities and challenges in paradiplomacy practice, especially in the Indo-Pacific region. From the analysis results, the practice of paradiplomacy in the Indo-Pacific is quite good but not maximised because many paradiplomacy practices reach the MoU stage. In contrast, they have not reached the program implementation frame. Generally, the Indo-Pacific region's opportunities for the practice of paradiplomacy are quite large because the regions in the Indo-Pacific region have many similarities, which is one of the crucial indicators in the practice of paradiplomacy.
Momentos antes de la Independencia
Authors: Apolaya Víctor
Published: August 2022

We analyze the colonial moment that the Viceroyalty of Peru had using the qualitative approach and the constructivist critical paradigm. The 18th century is a time of political definitions in Europe, despite the fact that Spain was involved in worldwide war conflicts, especially with England. The Bourbons had better administration and as a result a better economy to the detriment of the native communities where the colonies were located. In the international context Spain is worn out by the war with the United Kingdom of Great Britain, Fernando VII ceases to be popular to be unfriendly and hated by the Spanish people who defeated the French invasion of the Bonapartes, all this context had an impact on independence of the Spanish colonies in America.
USMLE to Residency: a financial overview
Authors: Syed Muhammad Hannan Ali Rizvi
Published: August 2022

For International Medical Graduates (IMGs) seekingmedical residency, the US offers an excellent platform.The candidate must successfully pass Step 1 and Step 2of the United States Medical Licensing Examination(USMLE), pass Occupational English Test (OET), gainvaluable United States Clinical Experience (USCE), andparticipate in the National Resident Matching Program(NRMP). The costs involved throughout the process canbe quite daunting; therefore, careful financial budgetingis recommended.In this article, we go over the costs associated withthe various stages of the journey, such as registrationwith the Educational Commission for Foreign MedicalGraduates (ECFMG), examinations, USCE, the ElectronicResidency Application Service (ERAS) season, andfinally, visa processing.