bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Auroral Electron Precipitation Mechanism Combinations and Their Relationships to Net Downgoing Energy and Number Flux
Authors: Dombeck J. , Cattell C. , Prasad N. , Meeker E. , Hanson E. , McFadden J.
Published: November 2018

We present initial statistical results of a new methodology for identifying electron precipitation mechanisms in Earth's auroral zone. Unlike previous methodologies, it identifies multiple mechanisms observed in the same event, utilizing Fast Auroral Snapshot measurements of upward energy and pitch angle spectra in addition to downward energy spectra. For intense precipitation (peak downgoing differential energy flux >108 eV/cm2‐s‐sr‐eV) our method separately identifies the three main precipitation mechanisms: quasi‐static potential structure (inverted‐V, QSPS) acceleration, Alfvénic acceleration, and wave scattering or other nonaccelerated isotropic (diffuse) precipitation. Intense precipitation (~14% of all Fast Auroral Snapshot coverage) accounts for ~80–90% of electron number flux into the ionosphere globally and ~65% of the energy flux on the nightside. It is found that two or more different mechanisms occur in the same event ~60–75% of the time. Alfvénic and QSPS acceleration and the combination of the two contribute substantially. Each of the three primary precipitation mechanisms (alone or in combination) occur >~35% of the time with QSPS and Alfvénic acceleration observed together being the dominant identifiable energy precipitation mechanism/combination. This combination also significantly contributes to the net number flux. QSPS acceleration is the most prevalently observed mechanism (50–60%). The mechanism inferred from classification by downgoing spectral characteristics alone (i.e., monoenergetic = QSPS, broadband = Alfvénic, and diffuse = nonaccelerated isotropic) is not observed in the classification using our method ~20–65% of the time. The results do not confirm and may be inconsistent with wave scattering of electrons (diffuse auroral precipitation) being the dominant mechanism for electron energy and number flux into the ionosphere.
Decreased serum potassium may disturb sleep homeostasis in essential hypertensives
Authors: Heizhati Mulalibieke , Zhang Yu , Shao Liang , Wang Yingchun , Yao Xiaoguang , Abulikemu Suofeiya , Zhang Delian , Chang Guijuan , Zhou Ling , Li Nanfang
Published: November 2018

The aim is to investigate the association between alterations in the serum potassium (K+) concentration and sleep architecture parameters in essential hypertensives. Two hundred ninety-two hypertensives undergoing polysomnography and providing blood samples were recruited. The sleep architecture was composed of sleep stages 1 (N1), 2 (N2), 3 (N3), 4 (N4) and REM. The light sleep stage (LST) was composed of N1 + N2, and the deep sleep stage (DST) was composed of N3 + N4. The potentialrelationships between electrolytes and sleep parameters were determined via univariate and multivariate analyses. The subjects were divided into two groups via the serum K+median (3.86 mmol/L). The K+ < 3.86 mmol/L group showed significantly decreased N1 (7.10 ± 4.55% vs 8.61 ± 5.23%,p = 0.002), LST (71.48 ± 11.33% vs 75.92 ± 17.08%,p = 0.013), and periodic leg movement during sleep related to microarousals (MA) /arousal (PLMS-A) [4 (1~10) vs 8 (3~15)/night, p < 0.001] and increased REM (17.38 ± 6.43% vs 15.37 ± 6.18%,p = 0.007) compared to the K+ ≥ 3.86 mmol/L group. A subdivided analysis by gender showed that these changes were more statistically significant in men than in women. Significant positive correlations were identified between K+and N1 (r = 0.169,p = 0.004), as well as PLMS-A (r = 0.222,p < 0.001) in subjects. Compared to women, a significantly strong correlation was identified between K+ and REM sleep in men (r = 0.158,p = 0.028 vs.r = 0.078,p = 0.442). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that K+ is significantly associated with N1 in all subjects (p = 0.03) and with REM in men (p = 0.008), even after adjusting for confounders. Decreased K+ may disturb the homeostasis of the sleep architecture, and gender may interfere with their links in the hypertensive population.
Locally anchoring enzymes to tissues via extracellular glycan recognition
Authors: Farhadi Shaheen A. , Bracho-Sanchez Evelyn , Fettis Margaret M. , Seroski Dillon T. , Freeman Sabrina L. , Restuccia Antonietta , Keselowsky Benjamin G. , Hudalla Gregory A.
Published: November 2018

Success of enzymes as drugs requires that they persist within target tissues over therapeutically effective time frames. Here we report a general strategy to anchor enzymes at injection sites via fusion to galectin-3 (G3), a carbohydrate-binding protein. Fusing G3 to luciferase extended bioluminescence in subcutaneous tissue to ~7 days, whereas unmodified luciferase was undetectable within hours. Engineering G3-luciferase fusions to self-assemble into a trimeric architecture extended bioluminescence in subcutaneous tissue to 14 days, and intramuscularly to 3 days. The longer local half-life of the trimeric assembly was likely due to its higher carbohydrate-binding affinity compared to the monomeric fusion. G3 fusions and trimeric assemblies lacked extracellular signaling activity of wild-type G3 and did not accumulate in blood after subcutaneous injection, suggesting low potential for deleterious off-site effects. G3-mediated anchoring to common tissue glycans is expected to be broadly applicable for improving local pharmacokinetics of various existing and emerging enzyme drugs.
Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production maximization by modeling thermophilic sludge fermentation
Authors: Zuo Zhiqiang , Zheng Min , Xiong Huilei , Shi Hanchang , Huang Xia , Liu Yanchen
Published: November 2018

Devising a model to optimize organic and microbial community inputs, temperature and solid retention time for production of more short-chain fatty acids.
Quantitative determination of a model organic/insulator/metal interface structure
Authors: Schwarz Martin , Duncan David A. , Garnica Manuela , Ducke Jacob , Deimel Peter S. , Thakur Pardeep K. , Lee Tien-Lin , Allegretti Francesco , Auwärter Willi
Published: November 2018

The interfaces of a prototypical organic/insulator/metal system (Co–P/h-BN/Cu(111)) are characterized quantitatively by means of XPS, XSW and STM.
Retracted Article: A miraculous chiral Ir–Rh bimetallic nanocatalyst for asymmetric hydrogenation of activated ketones
Authors: Xue Xiuru , Zhao Zhaohui , Wang Yanhua
Published: November 2018

A miraculous chiral Ir–Rh bimetallic nanocatalyst was explored for the asymmetric hydrogenation of activated ketones.
AgBF4-catalyzed deoxygenative C2-amination of quinoline N-oxides with isothiocyanates
Authors: Xie Long-Yong , Peng Sha , Jiang Li-Lin , Peng Xia , Xia Wen , Yu Xianyong , Wang Xing-Xing , Cao Zhong , He Wei-Min
Published: November 2018

A general, effective and convenient protocol for the direct synthesis of various 2-aminoquinolines (39 examples) through AgBF4-catalyzed amination of quinoline N-oxides with isothiocyanates under base-, oxidant-free and mild conditions was developed.
Dissipative phase transitions in systems with nonreciprocal effective interactions
Authors: Kryuchkov Nikita P. , Ivlev Alexei V. , Yurchenko Stanislav O.
Published: November 2018

The reciprocity of effective interparticle forces can be violated in various open and nonequilibrium systems, in particular, in colloidal suspensions and complex (dusty) plasmas. The results indicate the realization of bistability and dissipative spinodal decomposition.
A triply-responsive supramolecular vesicle fabricated by α-cyclodextrin based host–guest recognition and double dynamic covalent bonds
Authors: Li Shangyang , Chu Xiaoxiao , Hao Aiyou , Shang Ningzhao , Wang Chun
Published: November 2018

The supramolecular construction of multi-stimuli assemblies is a challenging task for prospective use.
Mitigating oxygen release in anionic-redox-active cathode materials by cationic substitution through rational design
Authors: Wynn Thomas A. , Fang Chengcheng , Zhang Minghao , Liu Haodong , Davies Daniel M. , Wang Xuefeng , Lau Derek , Lee Jungwoo Z. , Huang Bo-Yuan , Fung Kuan-Zong , Ni Chung-Ta , Meng Ying Shirley
Published: November 2018

Density functional theory is coupled with experiment to explore the ability of substitutional doping to improve oxygen stability in Li-rich layered oxide bulk.
Distribution of fluoroalkylsilanes in hydrophobic hybrid sol–gel coatings obtained by co-condensation
Authors: Bouvet-Marchand Agathe , Graillot Alain , Abel Mathieu , Koudia Mathieu , Boutevin Gilles , Loubat Cédric , Grosso David
Published: November 2018

Assessment of the co-condensation process as an efficient method to prepare hydrophobic sol–gel coatings.
Attenuation of thrombin-mediated fibrin formationviachanges in fibrinogen conformation induced by reaction withS-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, but notS-nitrosoglutathione
Authors: Major Terry C. , Brisbois Elizabeth J. , Meyerhoff Mark E. , Bartlett Robert H.
Published: November 2018

A working hypothesis is thatS-nitrosothiols (RSNOs) negatively affect the formation of fibrin through structural changes in fibrinogen and not by inhibiting thrombin activity.
Geometric structures and electronic properties of the Bi2X2Y (X, Y = O, S, Se, and Te) ternary compound family: a systematic DFT study
Authors: Ma Xiaoyu , Chang Dahu , Zhao Chunxiang , Li Rui , Huang Xiaoyu , Zeng Zaiping , Huang Xiaowei , Jia Yu
Published: November 2018

The geometric structure and electronic properties of Bi2X2Y (X, Y = O, S, Se, and Te) ternary compound have been studied by means of first-principles density functional theory.
A20 rescues hepatocytes from apoptosis through the NF-κB signaling pathway in rats with acute liver failure
Authors: Li Ke-Zhi , Liao Zhi-Yi , Li Yu-Xuan , Ming Zhi-Yong , Zhong Jian-Hong , Wu Guo-Bin , Huang Shan , Zhao Yin-Ning
Published: November 2018

Background: Acute liver failure (ALF) is a disease of acute derangements in the hepatic synthetic function with defects involving innate immune responses, which was reported to be negatively regulated by tumor necrosis factor α-induced protein 3 (A20). Herein, the present study was conducted to investigate the effects the A20 protein on the proliferation and apoptosis of hepatocytes through the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway in the rat models simulating ALF.

Methods: Male Wistar rats were used to simulate ALF in the model rats. Next, the positive expression of A20 and Caspase-3 proteins was measured in liver tissues. Rat hepatocytes were separated and subjected to pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC, inhibitor of NF-κB pathway) or A20 siRNA. Additionally, both mRNA and protein levels of A20, NF-κB, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), and receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) were determined. Finally, we detected the hepatocyte proliferation, cell cycle entry, and apoptosis.

Results: ALF rats displayed a lower positive expression of A20 protein and a higher expression of Caspase-3 protein. Furthermore, A20 was down-regulated, while NF-κB, TRAF6, and RIP1 were all up-regulated in ALF rats. Notably, A20 inhibited activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. The blockade of NF-κB signaling pathway enhanced proliferation and cell cycle progression of hepatocytes, whereas inhibited apoptosis of hepatocytes. On the contrary, A20 siRNA reversed the above situation.

Conclusion: A20 inhibits apoptosis of hepatocytes and promotes the proliferation through the NF-κB signaling pathway in ALF rats, potentially providing new insight into the treatment of ALF.
Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with oral cancer
Authors: Yang Yun , Liu Rongxun , Ren Feng , Guo Rui , Zhang Pengfei
Published: November 2018

Objectives: Many studies have examined the prognostic significance of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in oral cancer; however, the results are contradictory. We, therefore, conducted a meta-analysis aiming to clarify the prognostic value of the NLR in oral cancer patients. Methods: A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases. Stata version 12.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 14 studies with 3216 patients were finally included. The results indicated that a high NLR was significantly associated with worse DFS (n=10, HR = 1.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.44–2.07, P<0.001). Similar results were observed for overall survival (OS) (n=9, HR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.39–1.86, P<0.001). Moreover, a high NLR was also correlated with lymph node metastasis (n=7, odds ratio [OR] = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.32–1.98, P<0.001), advanced tumor stage (n=7, OR = 2.63, 95% CI = 2.12–3.25, P<0.001), T stage (n=6, OR = 3.22, 95% CI = 2.59–4.01, P<0.001), tumor differentiation (n=5, OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.03–2.11, P=0.033), and perineural invasion (n=4, OR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.4–2.39, P<0.001). However, an elevated NLR was not correlated with gender. Conclusion: This meta-analysis showed that the NLR might be a potential independent prognostic factor in patients with oral cancer.
Bidirectional power sharing in an ac/dc system with a dual active bridge converter
Authors: Datta Amit Jyoti , Ghosh Arindam , Zare Firuz , Rajakaruna Sumedha
Published: November 2018

This study introduces a bidirectional power sharing scheme between an ac electric utility and a dc microgrid. These two are connected together through an interlinking converter (IC) and a dual active bridge (DAB). The proposed control scheme allows predefined amount of power to be supplied from the ac to dc side or the other way around. The DAB is connected at the dc side of the IC and it controls the bidirectional power flow. The dc microgrid contains dc–dc converters, where boost converters are used with the sources and buck converters are used to supply loads. These dc–dc converters and the DAB are controlled by state feedback with integral control in a linearised discrete domain. The DAB linearisation and control law are presented in detail. The dc microgrid is controlled by conventional V‐P droop where the power from/to the ac side is considered as negative/positive load. Detailed simulation results are presented to validate the proposal. Also some hardware results are included that support the findings.
Subsynchronous oscillation of PV plants integrated to weak AC networks
Authors: Zhao Shuqiang , Li Ren , Gao Benfeng , Wang Nan , Zhang Xi
Published: November 2018

The grid‐connected photovoltaic (PV) power is booming, and large‐scale PV power is mostly integrated to grid through long transmission lines; however, PV systems may face the threat of subsynchronous oscillation (SSO) when AC system strength is weak. This study establishes the sequence impedance model of grid‐connected PV system; mechanism and characteristic of SSO in PV plants integrated to weak AC networks are delved into through impedance‐based analysis method. The results show that, under certain conditions, the impedance of PV system is capacitive in the subsynchronous frequency domain, when the networks are weak and the PV capacity is high, the resonance may occur between the capacitive PV system and inductive AC grid. In addition, a smaller proportional gain of current loop may increase the risk of SSO; however, a larger proportional gain and integral gain of phase‐locked loop can ease the SSO. Finally, time domain simulation based on PSCAD/EMTDC is conducted to validate the results of the impedance‐based analysis. The research here can provide guidance to the project of scaled PV plants integrated to weak AC networks in some sense.
Solar PV powered‐sensorless BLDC motor driven water pump
Authors: Kumar Rajan , Singh Bhim
Published: November 2018

This study deals with a position sensorless brushless DC (BLDC) motor‐driven solar photovoltaic (PV) fed water pump. A technique based on the back electromotive force (back‐EMF) zero crossing is proposed for sensorless operation of the BLDC motor. The back‐EMF is derived from the difference of line voltages. Thus, a requirement of neutral potential is eliminated. In addition, the proposed drive avoids the use of phase current sensors. The speed is automatically adjusted according to the available peak power from the PV array. The devices of voltage source inverter, used to feed the BLDC motor pump, are switched at fundamental frequency. This leads to minimised switching losses. The responses of PV fed pumping system with the proposed drive are observed under various operating conditions. The suitability of the proposed topology is demonstrated through the hardware implementation.
Reused rails for underground systems
Authors: Potapov Dmitry , Vitolberg Volodymyr , Shumyk Danylo , Ovcharenko Viacheslav , Bulgakov Viktor
Published: November 2018

The structural components of the rail track, including rails, deteriorate in operation. However, some of them retain their operational characteristics and can be reused. This practice has found wide application on Ukrainian railways and shown a lot of self-evident advantages, among which the basic one is a rational use of material and technical means. Besides, development of a used rail system for underground railways may also optimize the track facility system for such specific conditions. The article presents results of the research into the change of the crumbling depth on the roll surface (the main rail defects of underground railways); it allowed the authors to conclude about the possibility to reuse rails for underground systems. Moreover, assessment of interacting forces in the wheel/rail system and the crumbling volume made it possible to determine rational application for used rails. The proposed system takes into account all the features of operating the railway track in underground systems, and also allows more efficient use of the residual rail resource without reducing the necessary level of traffic safety.
Improved engineering method for calculating the strength of the supporting areas of reinforced concrete elements
Authors: Krantovska Olena , Petrov Mykola , Ksonshkevych Liubov , Synii Sergii , Sunak Pavlo
Published: November 2018

According to the results of experimental studies, empirical dependencies were obtained (obtained from the appropriate mathematical models). The advanced (refined) method of engineering calculation of express-estimation of the strength of sloping cross sections of elements of flexible reinforced concrete structures on the basis of comparative analysis of the obtained empirical dependencies and standard accepted methods in the world was developed (nine basic norms are taken: DSTU B.V.2.6-156:2010 (Ukraine), previously operating SNiP 2.03.01-84*, SNB 5.03.01-02 (Belarus), SR 63.13330.2012 (Russia), Eurocode 2, 2004 (European Union), ACI 318-M14 (USA), AIJ Code, 2007 (Japan), CSA 23.3-04 (Canada), DIN 1045-1 (Germany). The coefficient of variation of bearing capacity and accident ratio according to the results of calculations of standard methods are determined. Their comparative analysis is carried out and informative graphic figures are presented.
Stress-strain state of the storage silos under the action of the asymmetric load
Authors: Makhinko Nataliia
Published: November 2018

This paper deals with the investigation of work of the vertical steel cylindrical storage silos for grain with the different thickness of casing sheets and stiffeners at different height sunder the asymmetric wind load. Construction is designed using the analytical method involving decomposition of load into the completed trigonometric series and adding separate stress-strain states of k influence. The construction design model is a thin-walled cylindrical shell reinforced with vertical stiffeners. According to the shell theory, all unknown elements of the stress-strain states from the wind load components are expressed by unknown function ξk (x). In the analysis, the introduced hypotheses were used, which provides for using exponential dependence to describe the thickness changing law of the casing sheets and stiffeners and the equality of the change rate of these characteristics. The obtained results for silos with corrugated wall showed that the desired function which characterizes the stress-strain state of the construction is determined by ratio of the total cross-section area of all stiffeners to the cross-sectional area of the silo provided this ratio is constant at all heights. Represented calculation formulas for radial, circular and longitudinal displacements, and for strains in cross-sections are simple enough for using in the engineering practice.
Methodology remaining lifetime determination of the building structures
Authors: Otrosh Yuriy , Kovalov Andrii , Semkiv Oleg , Rudeshko Irina , Diven Valentin
Published: November 2018

The paper proposes an approach to determining the increase of the normative lifetime of building structures on the basis of the algorithm of numerical calculation of the residual life of structures, which is performed on the basis of the results of defining parameters obtained during the technical examination and evaluation of defects, failures and structural damage. To calculate the structures, the simulation of the stressstrain state of the building structures with the involvement of OK LIRA was used. Simulation allowed performing optimization of technical solutions and strengthening of structures for buildings. The methodology is used to design elements for strengthening the structures of buildings and structures. Reliable estimation and forecasting of the technical condition enables to prevent the occurrence of accidents of structures and their associated losses, to use rational use of funds for current and capital repairs, and to regulate the technical condition in such a way as to achieve the most effective use of fixed assets.
Heat-insulating materials in modern building industry
Authors: Plakhotnikov Kyrylo , Bondarenko Dmitry , Dedenyova Elena , Saliia Medeia , Kostuk Tatiana
Published: November 2018

The characteristic feature of the modern construction industry is the broad appliance of contemporary design and technology solutions, which require new constructive, water-proof, finishing and heat-insulating materials. Implementation of new energy saving norms for the residential sector and increasing requirements for thermal protection of buildings have sharpened an issue how to develop new thermal insulation materials. Although the thick-layered heat insulation is known for a while, the heat insulation made of thin layers requires additional studies. This group of constructive materials is relatively new; there is no equipment and techniques for studying that. The structure of these materials is composite, comprising hollow ceramic and glass microspheres and a binder substance. This combination lends the lightness to the material and makes it highly adhesive to a surface where it should be applied. After application to a surface, the microspheres create a multilayered combination, reflecting up to 80% of heat stream. It makes the premises more comfortable, cutting down the expenditures on heating in winter, and summer air conditioning as well.
Rationalization of the parameters of the cylindrical bridge support (theoretical basis)
Authors: Shmukler Valery , Petrova Olena , Mohammad Hammoud
Published: November 2018

Paper deals with a new constructive solution of a massive concrete pillar intended, mostly, for construction of railway and road bridge supports and with procedure of rationalization of its parameters. Statement and solution of the problem of strength and stability of a concrete support, which has an external mesh cage, reinforcing rings (frames) and an internal cavity is considered. The contact stresses between the concrete core and the metal cage are determined, which, in turn, depend on the attributes of the cage and the frames. The rationalization criterion based on minimizing the potential energy of deformation is introduced. For the indicated task, the variables are the thickness of the mesh cage, the size of its cell, the step and the cross-section of the frames. Support with rational parameters which depend on characteristics of cage and frames gives the lowest material consumption and the highest bearing capacity that is the aim of the approach of investigation.
Durability of beams with hybrid reinforcement from metal and basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) armature
Authors: Valovoi Alexander , Koval Peter , Eremenko Alexander , Valovoi Maksim , Volkov Sergei
Published: November 2018

The article presents the program and the results of experimental tests of beam samples with metal, basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) and hybrid (metal and BFRP) reinforcement. The samples were made of standard concrete with quartz sand as the fine aggregate and concrete with fine fraction wastes of a mining and beneficiation complex (MBC) used instead of the sand. Short-run tests of the beams under monotonous static loading until destruction enabled the conclusion that durability of the BFRP reinforced beams increased by 37-44% as compared to the metal reinforced beams. When hybrid reinforcing, reduction of the (BFRP) content did not produce an effect on decrease of durability indices; durability gains compared to the beams reinforced by metal made 38-41%. In the BFRP reinforced beams, due to the absence of plastic deformations in this reinforcement, there were no residual deformations after cessation of loading despite significant damage and deterioration of the concrete. Samples of beams made of concrete on fine fraction wastes of MBC, showed 1-8% higher strengths in comparison with similar beams made of concrete with quartz sand as the fine aggregate.
Feature of fire resistance calculation of steel structures with intumescent coating
Authors: Vasilchenko Alexey , Otrosh Yuriy , Adamenko Nikolay , Doronin Evgeny , Kovalov Andrey
Published: November 2018

The problem of estimation of fire resistance of steel frame structures with intumescent coatings is considered. It implies that both physical properties of a covering (its thickness and structure) and mechanical properties of a metal structure change critically at heating. All above changes should be considered to maintain the standard values of fire resistance of a construction at calculation. Usually, known technical characteristics of fire resistance of intumescent coverings are used for estimation of fire resistance of steel structures with intumescent coverings. Importance of taking into account the influence of strength loss time at heating of a steel structure on calculation of fire resistance limit of system “intumescent fireproof coating steel structure” is shown in the article. On an example of calculation of heating time to the critical temperature of steel columns and beams protected by intumescent coating, it is shown that own heating time of steel structures before they lose strength makes 10 to 16 % from a settlement limit of fire resistance. This fact should be considered at the forecast of fire resistance of steel frame structures with intumescent coatings.
Ground base deformation by circular plate peculiarities
Authors: Zotsenko Mykola , Vynnykov Yuriy , Lartseva Iryna , Sivitska Svitlana
Published: November 2018

It is established that at the moment of the onset of the boundary equilibrium of the base under a central loaded plate, an elastic core is formed in the form of a cone, all particles move along with the plate progressively down. In this case, within the limits of the “area of influence” the boundary condition of the base is violated by protrusion or consolidation of soils. The volume of the “area of influence” is determined by the height of the elastic core, from which its diameter is calculated. Experiments using conical tips were made and the height of the elastic core was determined and the diameter of the “area of influence” was determined. For creation at penetration and probing friction of soil on a ground the conic tip is executed rough with cylindrical stages. Under the steps of the tip, formed areas of compacted soil, moving along with it, creating a so-called “ground shirt” in the form of a cone with a creature at an angle α to the vertical. The obtained data allowed specifying coefficients of bearing capacity of soils, which are used in construction norms.
Alkali activated cements mix design for concretes application in high corrosive conditions
Authors: Kovalchuk Oleksandr , Grabovchak Valentina , Govdun Yaroslav
Published: November 2018

This paper covers the results of development of corrosion resistant ash alkali-activated cements based on regulation of phase composition of the hydration products through changing the alkali content, content of calciumcontaining cement constituents resulting in the increase strength and density of the cement stone. The results of study suggested to conclude that the cement compositions with predominance in the hydration products of weakly soluble low basic hydrosilicates of calcium, hydrogarnets and minerals similar to natural hydroaluminates exhibited the highest corrosion resistance. The results of comparison suggested to draw a conclusion that the alkali-activated cements Types APC III-400 and ACC V-400, according to National Ukrainian Standard DSTU B V.2.7, had high corrosion resistance compared to that of OPC, thus allowing to recommend the developed cements for the concretes intended for use in aggressive environments, inclusive of sodium and magnesium sulphates and others. Coefficients of corrosion resistance of concretes are higher than 1 after even 42 months.
Methodology of research on the impact of ITS services on the safety and efficiency of road traffic using transport models
Authors: Oskarbski Jacek , Gumińska Lucyna , Marcinkowski Tomasz , Mowiński Krystian , Oskarbska Izabela , Oskarbski Grzegorz , Zawisza Marcin , Żarski Karol
Published: November 2018

The current assessment of the impact of Intelligent Transport System (ITS) services on the level of traffic safety and efficiency is based mainly on expert assessments, statistical surveys or several traffic safety models requiring development. There is no structured, uniform assessment method that would give the opportunity to compare the impact of ITS services and their different configurations. The paper presents the methodology for researching the effectiveness of ITS services implementation using transport models and key indicators allowing such an assessment. An approach was used in which the impact of ITS services is analysed using macro, meso and microscopic models. Macro and mesoscopic models allow estimation of the impact of ITS services on the efficiency of transport network operation and constitute the basis of analyses at the microscopic level, which takes into account the behaviour of drivers through the use of car following and lane change models. As part of the analyses, road network test models (for motorways and expressways along with an alternative route) were developed. Test models include road class, network topology, and different traffic intensity. The models were calibrated using real data (data from the traffic measurement station, data measured in the field, traffic distribution data from the VIATOLL charging system) and data from the vehicle simulator.
Magnetic functionality of thin film perovskite hybrids
Authors: Aqeel Aisha , Akhtar Naureen , Polyakov Alexey O. , Rudolf Petra , Palstra Thomas T. M.
Published: November 2018

Organic-inorganic perovskite-like hybrids combine the properties of both the perovskite structure and metal-organic framework compounds. We investigated the magnetic properties of a Cu-based hybrid material grown as a thin film by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. We show that the long alkyl spacers in the hybrid thin film only slightly reduce the ferromagnetic transition temperature in comparison with the bulk. Most interestingly, the single ion anisotropy is larger for the Cu-based hybrid film than for the bulk hybrid. The hybrid thin film consists of two polymorphs in which the ferromagnetic domains are effectively pinned by an antiferromagnetic phase. This leads to a large enhancement of the coercive field enabling memory functionality.
Gate field controlled and temperature dependent quantum transport in (10,0) carbon nanotube field effect transistor
Authors: Singh Tapender , Sastri O. S. K. S. , Rai Padmnabh
Published: November 2018

The cylindrically gated (10,0) carbon nanotube field effect transistor having n-i-n device structure has been simulated by using the non-equilibrium Green function method and self-consistent calculations. The gate bias polarity and device temperature have been found to significantly influence the drain current obtained from energy-position resolved current spectrum under ballistic transport limit through simulations. The effect of temperature on drain current is seen to be more pronounced in thermionic emission as compared to band-to-band tunnelling.
A Ku-band coaxial transit-time oscillator with Pierce-like cathode under permanent magnet packaging
Authors: Chen Haojia , Ling Junpu , Qian Baoliang
Published: November 2018

A novel Ku-band coaxial transit-time oscillator (TTO) with Pierce-like cathode is proposed in this paper. TTO has the characteristics of low space-charge effect and short interaction distance. Combining with these features, we design a novel Pierce-like cathode to lower the demand for the guiding magnetic field. The guiding magnetic field intensity is reduced to about 0.32T by loading the Pierce-like cathode, but the magnetic field intensity is not a stable value, it fluctuates at 0.32T because of the properties of permanent magnet. To achieve the light and small goals of TTO, we design a novel permanent magnet structure with NdFeB. Based on the research, the typical simulation result is that when the diode voltage is 440kV, the beam current is 11kA, the guiding magnetic field is about 0.32T, the device can output 1.46GW microwave pulse at 14.2GHz. The power conversion efficiency is about 30%.
Magnetic transition in the Heusler compounds Fe3-xMnxSi
Authors: Nonoyama Tomohito , Kato Ryota , Shigeta Iduru , Hiroi Masahiko , Manaka Hirotaka , Terada Norio
Published: November 2018

It has been shown that Fe2MnSi exhibits a ferromagnetic transition at Tc and an antiferromagnetic transition at a lower temperature, TA, to a phase referred to as the AF phase. In a recent study on Fe1.3Mn1.7Si, another antiferromagnetic transition at a temperature lower than TA, defined as TA2, was found, with the phase below TA2 referred to as the AF2 phase. In this study, magnetic properties of Fe3-xMnxSi are investigated for an x range of 1.65 ≤ x ≤ 1.85 in order to study theses transitions with varying x. For x ≥ 1.75, a transition characterized by a rather rapid decrease in the temperature dependence of magnetization is observed at a temperature lower than TA at fields higher than ∼2 T. This implies the AF2-AF transition exists for x ≥ 1.75 as for x = 1.7. The magnetic field where the AF2-AF transition occurs increases with x, whereas at lower fields TA2 does not depend strongly on x. Meanwhile, at near zero field, the ferromagnetic transition and spontaneous magnetization disappears for x ≥ 1.75, in contrast to the case for x = 1.7. This implies that the transition from paramagnetism directly to the AF2 phase occurs at low fields. These results are summarized in the B-T magnetic phase diagram.
Hayden, Robert
Authors: Buck Christopher , Smith Derik
Published: November 2018

Robert Hayden was made poet laureate of Senegal in 1966 and ten years later became America’s first black poet laureate. He was acclaimed as “People’s Poet” early in his career, but he was largely ignored by the American literary establishment until late in life. In his poetics of history and his nuanced representations of black life, Hayden’s art showed that the African American experience was quintessentially American, and that blackness was an essential aspect of relentlessly heterogeneous America. As he figured it in his late-in-life poem, “[American Journal],” national identity was best metaphorized in “bankers grey afro and dashiki long hair and jeans / hard hat yarmulka mini skirt.” Hayden’s archetypal efforts to demonstrate the kaleidoscopic quality of both black and American identity produced an art that transcended propagandistic categories of race and nation, and pathed the way for a large cadre of late 20th and early 21st century poets who, like Hayden, understand themselves to be simultaneously black and American, but ultimately human.
Sexton, Anne
Authors: Smith Ellen McGrath
Published: November 2018

Anne Sexton is one of the most charged and memorable personalities in American literature. Her image as a taboo-breaking, glamorous housewife-turned-poet has made her a cultural icon for two generations in the United States and beyond. This iconic status has led some critics to dismiss much of her work as sensationalistic, while overlooking Sexton’s incomparable flashes of imagery and insight. At the same time, that status has attracted many readers who might not have read much poetry before encountering Sexton’s bold and playful style, and thereby expanded the audience for American poetry. In between these two extremes fall readers who, for many reasons, recognize Anne Sexton as a key player in the emergence in the mid-twentieth century of a more personal and direct type of poetry, often referred to as confessional poetry, a term coined in 1959 by the critic M. L. Rosenthal in his review of Robert Lowell’s groundbreaking collection of personal poetry, Life Studies (1959).
Morrison, Toni
Authors: Yohe Kristine
Published: November 2018

Born in 1931 in Lorain, Ohio, as Chloe Ardelia Wofford, the woman who is now Toni Morrison has experienced a life of great depth, length, and breadth—ranging from working as a housekeeper at age 12 to winning the Nobel Prize in Literature when she was 62. Extraordinarily, now 87 years old, Morrison has continued to write. She was named Woman of the Year by Ladies Home Journal in 2002 and was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Barack Obama in 2012. But what stands out the most are her books. In writing challenging novels about abused children, ghosts, enslaved mothers, bankers, beauty-supply salesmen, hoteliers, veterans, nuns, fashion models, and child brides, Morrison dives deeply into black culture, black history, and black love. While fulfilling her primary goal of bearing witness for her target audience, African American readers, her novels also provide readers of other races rich and varied glimmers of understanding into African American life, history, and culture. Morrison’s works are brave, unvarnished, direct, gutsy, earthy, and true. Her oeuvre includes eleven novels; nine children’s books; several books of analysis, literary reaction, and cultural critique; one libretto; one book of poems, one short story; one published play; one unpublished play; dozens of essays; and numerous edited books. Her most acclaimed novel, Beloved, was published in 1987 and won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1988. Ten year later, in 1998, it was adapted as a movie produced by and starring Oprah Winfrey. Her most obscure work may be the co-authored College Reading Skills, published in 1965. In addition to becoming an acclaimed author, Morrison has been an accomplished editor, a university professor at Princeton and Harvard, and she has been a guest curator at the Louvre in Paris. She has a brilliant mind, an irreverent sense of humor, and a youthful sense of self, having said on more than one occasion that even at her age she feels exactly 23 years old inside. With her former husband, Harold Morrison, a Jamaican architect whom she married in 1958 and divorced in 1964, she birthed two sons, Harold Ford, an architect, and Slade Kevin, an artist who died of cancer in 2010. She has two granddaughters, Nidal and Safa, and a daughter-in-law, Cecilia Rouse, who worked in the Obama White House. Now in her 80s, she is long retired from teaching. Because of back trouble, she is mostly wheelchair bound, but she is thinking clearly, and she is writing, with at least two more books in the works—a book of essays as well as her twelfth novel, tentatively titled Justice. While some have called her the “conscience of America,” she manages to be simultaneously regal and down-to-earth, and she still calls herself “Chloe.” Toni Morrison is all of these things and more; she and her esteemed novels and nonfiction demonstrate the breadth of her varied interest as an artist and as one of America’s most important public intellectuals.
Environment
Authors: Pezzullo Phaedra C.
Published: November 2018

Central to the study of communication and cultural studies is the relationship between nature and culture, not as a rigid dichotomy, but as elements that are coconstituted by each other materially and symbolically. With the rise of ecological awareness, the past three decades has fostered an increase in scholarship addressing environmental matters explicitly, as well as professional organizations mobilizing around the ways this perspective has shaped research, teaching, and praxis. Communication scholars from a range of perspectives have contributed to ongoing conversations about “environment” as a keyword, including at least these seven general approaches: (1) environmental personal identity and interpersonal relationships; (2) environmental organizational communication studies; (3) science, technology, and health communication; (4) public participation in environmental decision-making; (5) green applied media and arts; (6) environmental mass media studies; and (7) environmental rhetoric and cultural studies. Given this rich and expanding disciplinary terrain, identifying the heart of this research is a complicated task.

Environmental communication is the study and practice of pragmatic and constitutive modes of expression that define and trouble our ecological relationships within the world. It has been founded as a crisis discipline, one dedicated to addressing some of the greatest challenges of our times and to foregrounding the ethical implications of this orientation. In this article, environmental communication also is characterized fundamentally as a care discipline, one devoted to unearthing human and nonhuman interconnections, interdependence, biodiversity, and system limits. In the United States, environmental discourse has articulated dominant, residual, and emergent attitudes, values, and practices related to—though not limited to—wilderness, preservation, conservation, public health, environmental justice, sustainability, climate science, and resilience. Despite historical reluctance, future possibilities for scholarship on the environment are exigent and expanding, including communication-based research on climate justice, as well as digital environmental communication and archives.
Mapping and Spatial Studies
Authors: Ewalt Joshua
Published: November 2018

Critical communication studies of space and place consider the ways power becomes located within a wider topography of social relations. How a body thinks, its exposure to pollutants, or access to societal resources: these all depend, in part, upon where that body moves in relation to the other bodies that share their historical moment. The logic of power becomes manifest in the spatial organization of a society, and subsequently influences social practice. Emergent from multiple intellectual traditions—including humanistic geography, the spatial turn in the critical humanities, and postcolonial theory—spatial studies understand space and place as the product of social relations and maintain a critical, de-essentializing politics: Spaces are always being made and remade with consequences for marginalized populations. Moreover, as sites of public identification, certain spaces and places (a national park landscape or urban park) are imbued with epideictic significance. In order to understand and critique the relationship between communication, space, and place, scholars employ a number of concepts, many of which they share with neighboring fields, including mobility, globalization, affect, imagined geographies, place-making, critical regionalism, heterotopia, omnitopia, and memory places.

Scholars of space and place, moreover, remain committed to mapping both as method and object of analysis. If a society’s spatial logic (who and what resides where and with what consequences) provides insight into power and subjugation, then mapping offers a potentially useful critical methodological practice. At the same time, mapping remains a technology of colonialism, a way of seeing space that stabilizes its movements and continues to enable colonial domination. Thus, critical communication scholars of space and place also analyze and critique the rhetoric of mapping, analyzing both the ways in which maps are used to uphold operations of domination as well as those “countermapping” efforts that employ and subvert the history of cartography towards more emancipatory ends.
The Logics of Systemic Theory
Authors: Braumoeller Bear F. , Campbell Benjamin
Published: November 2018

The history of systemic theory in international relations is a tragedy of bad timing: Interest in systemic theory and awareness of its importance preceded widespread understanding of the methodologies needed to formulate and test it. In the intervening decades, dyadic studies dominated empirical studies of international relations to such an extent that the influences of the international system on actors’ behavior and vice versa were all but forgotten. This need not be the case. Through the lenses of four methodologies, systemic theory can be surveyed to capture their logics in order to highlight the value and feasibility of systemic theorizing.
Curriculum and Place
Authors: Reynolds William M.
Published: November 2018

Place matters. The conceptualizations and analyses of place defined in geographical and metaphorical terms play a significant role in understanding curriculum and are an exciting, important and ever-increasing discourse in the field of curriculum studies. As the discourses have developed, an increasing amount of scholarship has emerged that centers on place and its significance autobiographically, psychoanalytically, culturally, racially, and politically, not only in the field of curriculum but in education and society in general. There is also attention paid to the notion that understanding our place (situatedness) is as important as our positionality. There is a historical discussion on the manner in which studies of curriculum and place have focused on the southern United States; however, as the area has developed, the focus has expanded to place considered not only in terms of the southern United States, but other areas of the country and internationally. The discussion begins with notions of why place matters in curriculum studies and in our general understandings of place as well. A second major emphasis elaborates on the work done in curriculum and place developmentally and historically, highlighting major studies that exist in the area. A discussion of the future of what is called place studies in curriculum is the final area including highlights of the newest scholarship alongside a discussion of the movement toward the parameters of place globally. Beyond the parameters of this article, but significant in the study of place, are the treatments of place in literature, film, and television series; a small discussion of these areas is included.