bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATION OF THE FEASIBILITY OF CONSTRUCTING A MAP FOR COCONUT WITH SEVERAL F2 FAMILIES USING COMPUTER-SIMULATED DATA
Authors: C. K. Bandaranayake
Published: May 2020

A computer simulation was performed using RiceSim computer software to explore the practicability of combining several different F2 populations together through JoinMap to mimic the real available coconut mapping populations, and found that it was very successful. JoinMap would be able to map all 16 chromosomes which  covered the map length of 1540 cM except for a single marker on chromosome 8. The largest marker interval was 32 cM at the bottom of chromosome 3 and all other markers were evenly distributed along the chromosomes maintaining the space around 12-30 cM between them.
EFFECT OF MINERAL NUTRITION ON NUT YIELD AND FRUIT COMPOSITION OF MATURE COCONUT PALMS IN THE COASTAL BELT OF WESTERN REGION OF GHANA - PRELIMINARY STUDIES
Authors: E. Andoh-Mensah  , X. Bonneau  , B.N. Nuertey  , S.K. Dery
Published: May 2020

The nut yield and fruit composition of mature (30-40 years old) West African Tall coconut palms were evaluated in seven trials during the first three years (from June 2000 to May 2003) of implementation of a five-year fertilization schedule recommended to the Coconut Sector Development Project (CSDP) for the rehabilitation of old farms in the coastal belt of the Western Region of Ghana. The seven trials are located at Jeway Wharf, Takinta, Ellenda, Nawule, AB Bokazo, Anwia and Edwakpole. Three fertilizer treatments were applied between June 2000 and May 2003. The first two fertilizers were applied in June 2000 and May 2001 at the rate of 0.75kg urea and 2.5kg muriate of potash (MOP) per palm. For the third fertilization, 1 kg MOP only was applied per palm in May 2002. Fertilizer treatment did not affect nut yield in year one of fertilization. But in year two, the fertilized plots gained remarkably 27.7, 20.2, 19.4 and 14.9 nuts per palm at Jeway Wharf, Nawule, Ellenda and Takinta respectively. The remarkable nut gain was further boosted or sustained in year three except at Jeway wharf which lost 9.8 nuts per palm. In economic terms, Ellenda trial broke even on MOP fertilizer investment in year three while Jeway Wharf was close to breaking even. Takinta and Nawule trials made profits of 925 and 1,750 cedis (3.7 and 7 nuts) per palm respectively in year three. For Anwia, AB Bokazo and Edwakpole trials there was no yield response to MOP fertilizer due to P deficiency. Fertilizer treatment in the first two years of fertilization did not influence fruit composition.
NEW WAY OF CONTROLLING Oryctes monoceros (COLEOPTERA, DYNASTIDAE), A COCONUT PEST IN GHANA
Authors: René Philippe  , S.K. Dery
Published: May 2020

Oryctes monoceros is one of the most dangerous pests in young coconut and oil palm plantings throughout West Africa.

This species is controlled using different methods that can be applied in combination as part of IPM. The first naturally involves eliminating all larva sites, consisting of dead or felled coconut or oil palm stems. Rapidly covering felled stems with a cover crop can keep the populations of this pest down to a very low level. When adults attack, frequent monitoring of young plantings is recommended, as is the removal of adults from their galleries using a metal mini-harpoon. Chemical control with Lambda-Cyhalothrin reduces damage to seedlings, particularly as that product has good repellent properties. It remains effective for around a month.

Physical control has been developed, using old fishing nets rolled into balls and inserted in the axils of young fronds. This method is highly effective, cheaper than other types of control, does not pollute and is not toxic for handlers. Adults trapped by the rolled up fishing nets, which eventually die, attract other adults that are trapped in turn, thereby increasing the efficiency of the method.
Effects of chlorine and potassium mineral nutrition on the leaf morphology of the PB 121 hybrid coconut palm (Malayan Yellow Dwarf x West African Tall)
Authors: I. Mialet-Serra  , X. Bonneau
Published: May 2020

The effects of chlorine and potassium on the leaf morphology of 6-year-old PB 121 hybrid coconut palms were studied in 1995 and 1996 in southern Lampung (South Sumatra, Indonesia). The parameters considered were frond and leaflet size (length, maximum width, area) and their number. Chlorine and potassium had an exclusive effect on leaflet size, increasing their area. Potassium primarily affected petiole length, hence total frond length. Synergy between these two ions only occurred for the number of leaflets. Chlorine and potassium acted independently on stem diameter and synergistically on height. Coconut palms receiving potassium or chlorine had significantly more voluminous leaf crowns. As time went by, this phenomenon increased despite constant monthly leaf emission. In a situation of equilibrium, the much larger mean crown area and leaf area index of coconuts receiving chlorine and potassium augured well for an earlier start to bearing and higher nut yields.
Happy mapping as an alternative to overcome the problems in coconut genome mapping
Authors: C.K. Bandaranayake
Published: May 2020

An excellent way of producing a reliable mapping population for quantitative trait loci analysis and marker assisted selection was considered. A physical mapping method known as ‘Happy Mapping’ was discussed to make a framework map as an alternative to overcome the problems associated with meiotic mapping.
Incidence of leaf rot disease in relation to root (wilt) in young coconut palms and fungi in lamina and petiole lesions
Authors: N. Srinivasan
Published: May 2020

Coconut leaf rot in association with root (wilt) is widespread in southern districts of Kerala, India. The disease complex has spread to northern districts of the state and also adjacent districts in Tamil Nadu. Where as the root (wilt) is a systemic infection (due to phytoplasma) the leaf rot is a foliar syndrome due to fungi (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Exserohilum rostratum, Fusarium spp.). Occurrence of leaf rot has been related to the incidence of root (wilt) and its appearance in young palms remained a matter of contention as to which disease precedes the other. Leaf rot lesions do occur on leaf petiole/mid-vein/mid-rib even as the disease lesions are known to be common on lamina (spindles). Investigations brought out that in majority of leaf rot affected young palms (2-5 years old) the flaccidity symptom of root (wilt) could be also discerned. In lesser number of affected palms, the other symptoms of root (wilt), yellowing and marginal necrosis, were also visible. As such, in 88.5% of leaf rot affected young palms one or the other symptom of root (wilt) has been recorded irrespective of season. C. gloeosporioides, E. rostratum and other fungi were found both in lamina and petiole lesions in different months. C. gloeosporioides was detected from petiole and lamina tissues in all the months, followed by E. rostratum, Fusarium spp. etc. C. gloeosporioides was isolated from these parts in more numbers and consistently during January-December. E. rostratum appeared erratically. Aggressiveness of C. gloeosporioides during months of wet season was confirmed. Fusarium spp. was isolated predominantly from these parts in dry months (January-May). Knowledge on occurrence of leaf rot in young palms in relation to root (wilt) and dynamics of leaf rot pathogens in leaf parts among months/seasons of year (in inoculums build-up, spread and dissemination) are important in the context of integrated management of root (wilt)-leaf rot complex.
New data on a cultural control method against coconut lethal yellowing in Ghana
Authors: R. Philippe  , S. K. Dery  , J. Nkansa Poku
Published: May 2020

Lethal yellowing disease has been rife in West Africa, especially Ghana, since 1932. In the 1990s, the first operations to fell diseased coconut palms at an early stage showed that this substantially slowed down the spread of the disease.

Trial conducted in 1995 showed that early felling of diseased coconut palms, even without prior treatment, considerably slowed down the spread of the disease. Replications of this action in several other plots kept them healthy for many years. These positive results made it possible to obtain funding from Agence française de Développement (AFD) to maintain a "sanitary cordon" in the far West of the Western Region of Ghana, near the Ivorian border, where there is a wide area of coconut palms.
Bud rot disease of coconut in relation to endemic spots in Kerala state, India
Authors: ROHINI IYER Rohini Iyer , A.R. Rasmi
Published: May 2020

In India bud rot is quite common on the West and East Coast tracts. A random survey on   bud rot disease of coconut, caused by Phytophthora palmivora But.l, carried out in Kasaragod, Kannur and Calicut districts of Kerala revealed that, there is correlation between the disease incidence and the location of the palms. The disease   incidence was high in the hilly tracts when compared to that of the plains. Studies on the survival of P. palmivora propagules in nature revealed that the pathogen survives in the crown, soil and roots of healthy and diseased palms. However, the   percentage of survival was high in the endemic areas-Mandapam (Kasaragod District), Josegiri (Kannur Dist.) and Kuttiadi (Kozhikode Dist.), both in the case of diseased and healthy palms   compared to that of areas with lesser disease incidence. The temperature and humidity in the coconut growing tracts of hilly areas of Kasaragod, Kannur and Kozhikode districts are suitable for the survival of the pathogen in the crown during almost all months, resulting in the high frequency of disease incidence during monsoon season and continued infection up to January. Examination of the rain water collected from bud rot affected coconut gardens also indicated that the pathogen surviving in the crown debris can act as a source of inoculum, which spreads to the neighboring palms through rain splashes.  Based on the weather data   it is possible to predict the bud rot incidence well in advance.
Nutrition and fertilization management of embryo cultured Makapuno Tall (ECMAKT) seedlings
Authors: M.B. Areza-Ubaldo  , S.S. Magat  , E.P. Rillo  , M.I. Secretaria
Published: May 2020

A two-year nursery study on ECMAKT coconut seedlings was conducted at the Philippine Coconut Authority - Albay Research Center, Guinobatan, Albay to know the effects of applying different rates of complete fertilizer (14-14-14 fortified with micronutrients) and a foliar fertilizer on the vegetative growth and leaf nutrient status of ECMAKT seedlings.

 

The application of complete NPK fertilizer (14-14-14) at 6-9 g/seedling significantly produced taller seedlings with bigger girth size and more number of living fronds from 2 to 12 months from initial fertilization. The applied rates of complete fertilizer (6-9 g 14-14-14/seedling) on ECMAKT seedlings indicates that the levels of nutrient application (fertilization) is significantly much lower than that of the average rates used in growing ordinary seednuts (seedlings attached to unhusked nuts) in the nursery. The application of foliar fertilizer was ineffective even over the unfertilized ECMAKT seedlings.

 

The better growth of ECMAKT seedlings in terms of their girth, plant height and total living fronds produced were significantly associated with higher levels of leaf K, Cl, and Mn, and lower leaf Na, but with likely adequate leaf P, Mg, S, B, Zn, Cu and Fe based from leaf number 3 (12 month old ECMAKT seedling).

 

The study clearly indicates the necessity of applying inorganic fertilizer i.e. complete fertilizer (14-14-14 fortified with micronutrients) at the moderate rates of 6-9 g/seedling during the nursery stage for proper nutrition and fertilization management to ensure healthy and good quality ECMAKT planting material.
Evaluation of crop management options for replanting of coconut plantations devastated by lethal yellowing disease in Ghana
Authors: E. Andoh-Mensah  , X. Bonneau  , J. Ollivier  , B. N. Nuertey  , S. K. Dery
Published: May 2020

Evaluation of four coconut management options was carried out from May 1999 to May 2004 in the coconut belt of the Western and Central Regions of Ghana for replanting of coconut plantations devastated by the Cape St Paul Wilt Disease of Ghana. Coconut hybrid identified for the replanting was MYD x VTT.  On fertile soils just intercropping of inter-rows with food crops proved appropriate for managing the coconut hybrid successfully. On low fertile soils however, fertilization was required in addition to intercropping for proper management of the hybrid. Where intercrops were fertilized the coconut palms benefited from the residual effect. While Pueraria phaseoloides did not have any visible impact, Cassia siamea was antagonistic to growth and development of the young coconut hybrid. Fertilized intercropping was more profitable especially on low fertile soils.
Introduction
Authors: Kilcline Cathal
Published: May 2020

The representative examples and resources analysed in this book are drawn from 30 years of French sport, from the mid-1980s to the present day, with the Los Angeles Olympics of 1984 considered a pivotal moment in the global evolution of sport as practice and spectacle. In France, this event marked a shift in attitudes towards professional sports as the American model of structuring, financing and mediatising sports became increasingly influential, subsequently facilitated by numerous other factors including deeper European integration and the fall of the Soviet Union. Domestically, 1984 is also remembered in sporting circles for the landmark success of the French ‘rainbow nation squad’ in football’s European Championship, and the creation of a new television channel, Canal+, that invested heavily in sport. These factors combined to make the mid-1980s a watershed in the development of the sporting landscape in France, the impact of which resonates to the present day. This book ends its study in 2017 with the presidential elections of that year marking a profound shift in the politics of the Fifth Republic and with Paris’s nomination as host of the 2024 Olympics set to henceforth dominate the future evolution of France’s sporting landscape.
The Early Years of the ‘Troubles’
Authors: Sanders Andrew
Published: May 2020

This chapter explores the conduct of actors in the United States Government during the early years of the violence in Northern Ireland. It considers the reasons for the relatively non-interventionist approach that Richard Nixon adopted during the first year of his administration and places emphasis on the role of Ambassador John Moore, a prominent Irish-American figure. It also provides an analytical narrative of the development of violence in Northern Ireland, placing this alongside an examination of the responses of the US media and officials. It then assesses the relatively minimal impact of Nixon’s resignation and the inauguration of President Gerald Ford on the US role in Northern Ireland. Finally, it looks at the Democratic Primary campaign in 1968 and the British response to the prospects of a Democratic President winning the Presidential Election that year.
Introduction
Authors: Reno Seth T.
Published: May 2020

The introduction traces the development of intellectual love from its first major expression in Baruch Spinoza’s Ethics,through its adoption and adaptation in eighteenth-century moral and natural philosophy, to its emergence as a British Romantic tradition. While most scholarly work treats Romantic-era theories of love as idealized and illusory, I show how this distinct tradition of intellectual love was integral to broader debates about the nature of life, the biology of the human body, the sociology of human relationships, the philosophy of nature, and the disclosure of being. I situate this history of intellectual love within the contemporary context of ‘the affective turn’ in the humanities and social sciences, as well as recent work in aesthetic theory associated with the Frankfurt School.
Tennyson, Arnold, and the Victorians The Legacy of Romantic Love
Authors: Reno Seth T.
Published: May 2020

This final chapter examines the immediate afterlife of Romantic love. Victorian poets such as Alfred Tennyson and Matthew Arnold were both intrigued by and skeptical of love as a concept distinct from sexuality and ideology. Between 1830 and 1853, these poets experimented with, but eventually abandoned, the Romantics’ notion of love as a manifestation of idealism. While Romantic love continued to influence poets well into the nineteenth century, it became increasingly characterized as idealist and thus escapist: love eventually became divided from its critical and aesthetic valences, leading to a marginalization of love in discussions of Romanticism. The early poetry of Tennyson and Arnold illustrates the Victorian link between the preeminence of intellectual love in Romantic poetry and its critique and eventual dismissal in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
Introduction Tè glise, Continents à la dérive
Authors: Walsh John Patrick
Published: May 2020

The book opens with analysis of Yanick Lahens’ reflection on the disastrous convergence of geological and political time in the Haitian earthquake of 2010. Lahens contemplates the imbrication of geological, political, and social fault lines to complicate the exceptional image of Haiti as a site of disaster. The introduction considers Lahens’ understanding of fault lines, below and above ground, in light of Rob Nixon’s critique of the slow violence of environmental injustice and Michel Serres’ idea of a natural contract with the planet. It brings together Lahens, Nixon, and Serres to illustrate the different conceptions of time and space that inform the ecological thought of a Haitian writer, an American critic, and a French philosopher. Taking this comparative analysis as its point of departure, the introduction begins to develop a theory of an eco-archive as an ethical and imaginative writing on the environment. It merges ecocriticism with the historical awareness of Haitian studies to argue that Lahens and other Haitian writers challenge the neocolonial and neoliberal political economies that feed the dominant narratives of the Anthropocene.
For an Eco-Archive
Authors: Walsh John Patrick
Published: May 2020

This chapter continues to build the conceptual and historical frame of the eco-archive. It argues that contemporary Haitian literature records the transformation of the environment and accumulates and inscribes overlapping temporalities of past and present, like an archive. The first part reviews a range of Caribbean and Haitian thought on the environment, broadly understood, and considers key moments of Haitian literary history of the twentieth century. Earlier forms and paths of migration and refuge, from the sugar migration up to the journeys of “boat people,” inform and historicize literary representations of the earthquake and its aftermath. The chapter then carries out close readings of a selection of René Philoctète’s poetry and his novel, Le peuple des terres mêlées, a text that depicts the “Parsley Massacre” of 1937. It draws out Philoctète’s eco-archival writing and contends that the novel foregrounds the environmental ethos of the border in opposition to Trujillo’s genocidal nationalism.
Haitian Odysseys
Authors: Walsh John Patrick
Published: May 2020

This chapter examines the depictions of perilous crossings of Haitian boat people in the writings of Emile Ollivier and Jean-Claude Charles. In the first section, the chapter takes up Ollivier’s novel Passages, alongside his non-fictional writing on migration and exile. The second section treats Charles’s essay De si jolies petites plages, together with the novels Manhattan Blues and Ferdinand je suis à Paris. The chapter puts the fictional and non-fictional texts of each writer in dialogue to bring out their critiques of international policies of immigration and detention. While Ollivier deplores the dispossession of Haitian coastal environments, Charles reveals the dehumanizing spaces of carceral control around the Caribbean and the United States. Along with Philoctète, they inscribe in their texts an ecological politics that takes up the cause of refugees and takes apart the grand narrative of Western modernity as a vision of progress. Ollivier and Charles shed light on the shadows of globalizing political economies and, in particular, on the unwelcoming shores of the United States.
The Banality of Disaster
Authors: Walsh John Patrick
Published: May 2020

This chapter returns to Yanick Lahens’ Failles to draw out further the critique of cultural, social, and political fault lines that existed well before the earthquake. It opens by defining the idea of a “literary witness” as an ethical representation of self and other in the act of witnessing and representing the earthquake. Failles is equal parts testimony and chronicle, and these modes overlap as the writer grapples with the role of literature in making sense of the earthquake and its historical repercussions. Lahens unsettles received ideas on disaster, first by deconstructing the ideology of the “natural” and then by contextualizing its political and humanitarian manipulation of disaster in a longer history of Haiti’s place in the Americas. The second part of the chapter turns to the fictional texts that precede and come after Failles. It argues that the ordinary vulnerability of the Haitian people, or what Lahens calls “the banality of disaster,” is the central theme of the fiction. In reimagining the past, these texts offer compelling implications for critical and creative ways of reconstructing the present. As a literary witness, Lahens calls on readers to refuse the banality of disaster.
Tyranny and Usurpation
Authors: Majumder Doyeeta
Published: May 2020

This book examines the fraught relationship between the sixteenth-century formulations of the theories of sovereign violence, tyranny and usurpation and the manifestations of these ideas on the contemporary English stage. It will attempt to trace an evolution of the poetics of English and Scottish political drama through the early, middle, and late decades of the sixteenth-century in conjunction with developments in the political thought of the century, linking theatre and politics through the representations of the problematic figure of the usurper or, in Machiavellian terms, the ‘New Prince’. While the early Tudor morality plays are concerned with the legitimate monarch who becomes a tyrant, the later historical and tragic drama of the century foregrounds the figure of the illegitimate monarch who is a tyrant by default. On the one hand the sudden proliferation of usurpation plots in Elizabethan drama and the transition from the legitimate tyrant to the usurper tyrant is linked to the dramaturgical shift from the allegorical morality play tradition to later history plays and tragedies, and on the other it is reflective of a poetic turn in political thought which impelled political writers to conceive of the state and sovereignty as a product of human ‘poiesis’, independent of transcendental legitimization. The poetics of political drama and the emergence of the idea of ‘poiesis’ in the political context merge in the figure of the nuove principe: the prince without dynastic claims who creates his sovereignty by dint of his own ‘virtu’ and through an act of law-making violence.
The kingly vice
Authors: Majumder Doyeeta
Published: May 2020

Through a discussion of three early Tudor morality plays which foreground the figure of the tyrant, this chapter argues that, though early sixteenth-century English drama engages deeply with issues of tyranny and misuse of sovereign power, these plays are not concerned with the issue of usurpation. The nature or origins of sovereignty itself are not scrutinized in these plays. The ‘good king-bad tyrant’ conflict that is the central agon of later plays which pit the legitimate monarch against the usurper, is effaced as the good king himself transforms into the bad tyrant.
Introduction
Authors: Ruz Andrés Baeza
Published: May 2020

In April 2014, during the third year of my doctoral studies, I made a research trip to Edinburgh with my family to review the documents of Thomas Cochrane that are held in the National Archive of Scotland. We had always wanted to visit the city and it seemed like a good opportunity. We also travelled at a particular time, only a few months before the referendum to decide whether Scotland would remain in the United Kingdom. This was really significant. I could witness how a considerable part of Scottish society was calling into question the idea of a British ‘nation’, whose existence I was convinced of after reading Linda Colley’s classic ...
Invasions, Negotiations and Conspiracies
Authors: Ruz Andrés Baeza
Published: May 2020

This chapter analyses the relations between Great Britain and Chile between 1806 and 1814. In this period, Chile was not yet an independent state, but still a Spanish colony. ‘Chileans’ were still subjects of the king of Spain, and this was the most significant factor that shaped their first attitudes and reactions towards Britain during these years. This period was characterized by quick political and geopolitical developments. The process of the Napoleonic wars in Europe brought about significant changes for the relationship between Chile and Great Britain. If in a first moment Spain and France were allies against Britain, the overthrow of King Ferdinand VII by Napoleon in May 1808 reconfigured relations between Spain and Britain, making the two powers staunch allies against the French threat. All this influenced the way Chileans thought about both Britain’s place in the world and their own identity.
Cultural Encounters Offshore
Authors: Ruz Andrés Baeza
Published: May 2020

During the wars for independence Britain maintained a policy of neutrality between Spain and its colonies. As a result, relations between Chile and Britain were largely enacted by ‘non–state’ actors. This chapter delves into the role played by one of these ‘non–state’ actors: British seamen who participated in the newly created Chilean navy from 1817 and their interactions with their Chilean counterparts. The analysis of the inter–personal interactions that took place on board reinforces the argument that Chile’s Independence era cannot be considered a prelude to the neo–imperial relations established in late nineteenth century. British seamen were rarely seen – and did not see themselves – as imperial agents. The navy worked as a ‘contact zone’, in which relationships were troubled. In addition, this brought about significant repercussions for the nation–building process in Chile.
British Merchants, Private Interests and the Fostering of Free Trade in Chile, 1811–1831
Authors: Ruz Andrés Baeza
Published: May 2020

The final case study to be discussed is the role of the other British ‘non–state’ actors involved in Chile’s independence–era: merchants. The presence of merchants and traders of different nationalities had been very extensive along the Chilean coasts prior to the crisis of 1808, but their presence was illegal since Spain adopted a trade monopoly policy after the conquest of America. This situation changed after 1811 thanks to the policies adopted by the new Chilean authorities, who gradually ‘legalised’ the status of these ‘smugglers’. As a result, the activities of British merchants in Chile were no longer forbidden and their former status as illegal traders or smugglers shifted to a new one, in which they became legal merchants operating in Chile. British merchants who travelled to Chile were fundamental in fostering and consolidating, although as with the cases studied in chapters two and three, this was done according to local conditions.
Conclusion
Authors: Ruz Andrés Baeza
Published: May 2020

This book has demonstrated the insights that can be found in the analysis of British-Chilean relations in the independence period, which in the case of Chile have been mostly studied relating to the second half of the nineteenth century. The fact that British investments and flows of peoples and goods became increasingly important after 1850, has led scholars like John Mayo to maintain that ‘informal imperialism’ is the appropriate term to describe the ‘anatomy’ of such a relationship. However, such a view is restrictive, allowing an examination of the traditional ambits by which informal empire has been regarded as an analytical tool when approaching the relations between Britain and Latin America. This is to say, the economic and diplomatic means that helped to preserve the subordinate condition of the former Spanish colonies to the interests of the British Empire. In recent years, approaches to the problematic nature of informal imperialism have made it clear that these elements are not enough, that they cannot be the only aspects imbricated in this problem. The cultural dimension must also form part of the analysis of a relationship that, at first glance, seemed to be determined by informal imperialism. This is particularly relevant in a period like the independence era, in which the economic and diplomatic means used by Great Britain to exert its dominion were not as evident as in subsequent years. Indeed, as I showed in the ...
Introduction
Authors: Loughlin James
Published: May 2020

This section identifies the influence of Irish developments in establishing the context in which British proto-fascism developed in the early years of the twentieth century. It has a focus on the British Brothers League (BBL) which emerged in the wake of the large influx into London of mainly Jewish immigrants from western Russia and identifies antisemitism as a central factor driving the development of the BBL and as an element of later fascist movements. It also registers the factors that limited the BBL’s development, a mainly one-issue movement whose demands were met by the Aliens Act of 1905, narrow geographic recruitment and the lack of a charismatic leader. This section also examines the significance of the threatened Ulster rebellion of 1912-14 as a factor influencing inter-war debate about the prospects for successful fascist revolt in Britain.
Rotha Lintorn-Orman, Ulster and the British Fascists Movement
Authors: Loughlin James
Published: May 2020

This chapter focuses on the first British fascist organisation to emerge in the early 1920s, founded by Rotha Lintorn-Orman. Prompted by the triumph of communism in Russia and its development more widely in Europe, Lintorn-Orman was convinced that Britain’s parliamentary system would be inadequate to meet a serious communist threat and that stronger paramilitary methods would be needed. It demonstrates that, unlike later fascist organisations, informed by a vision of national transformation based on corporatism, Lintorn-Orman’s movement existed to defend existing British values and institutions. The test of its national utility came with the General Strike of 1926 when the Government made unacceptable conditions on accepting its help, thereby causing a split in the movement and a subsequent extension of recruitment activities to Northern Ireland to restore its strength. However, progress proved difficult, due partly to the disreputable nature of regional leaders, the limited relevance of mainstream British concerns in the region and the fact that the region’s Unionist Government had an already effective police force in addition to a substantial paramilitary organisation at its disposal.
Union Movement
Authors: Loughlin James
Published: May 2020

This chapter focuses on the place of the partition question in the politics of the Union Movement, Mosley’s new organisation intended to deliver on his political ambitions in the post-war era. Learning from the failure of the Ulster fascists in the 1930s, no attempt was made to organise in Northern Ireland. Instead, on Ireland the UM focused its attention on the immigrant Irish community in Britain and in terms of Mosley’s new political project, Europe-A-Nation. In this neo-fascist scenario Irish unity was envisioned as taking place when Ireland as a whole joined the new European project. At one level advanced in its conception of European union, its prospects for realisation were remote given Mosley’s now pariah status in Britain, its departure from traditional nationalist conceptions of Irish unity and the failure of his movement to attract significant immigrant Irish support, graphically demonstrated at the North Kensington contest during the 1959 general election, when Mosley failed to even secure his deposit. Political failure, however, would lead to more realist assessments of the nature of the Northern Ireland problem in the later 1960s.
The British National Party and Ulster
Authors: Loughlin James
Published: May 2020

This chapter assesses the attempts of the British National Party, now the major extreme Right formation to impact on the Ulster problem in the 1990s, a decade which would see the Provisional IRA and loyalist paramilitary ceasefires and the difficult and torturous process that would produce the Belfast/Good Friday Agreement of 1998, an agreement that effectively ended the Troubles. For the BNP, however, the decade would be one of evolution as John Tyndall’s control of was gradually broken by Nick Griffin. Influenced by the electoral success of Jean Marine Le Pen’s Front National in France, Griffin would begin the process of party modernisation that would see the BNP gain 60 local council seats a two seat in the European Parliament in the first decade of this century. As the BNP’s British fortunes brightened Ulster as an issue gradually disappeared from its literature. British progress sweetened the pill of failure in Northern Ireland as the previous unfruitful experience of the extreme Right in Northern Ireland was repeated; with even the White Nationalist Party failing to make a major impact even as Northern Ireland developed a serious racist problem.
Conclusion
Authors: Loughlin James
Published: May 2020

In summarising the findings of this study a number of points can be made. First, as a region of the United Kingdom Ulster/Northern Ireland stands out for the singularity of its history and characteristics. While for other regions of the British State the issue of nationality only arose in very singular circumstances such as those created by a world war, in Ulster the divided national identities of its people and the constitutional claims of Irish Governments meant that issues of nationality were a perennial concern, rendering the usual bread and butter issues common to British politics to a secondary position. Similarly, fears of communist subversion such as stimulated extreme right agitation in Britain for much of this period, was a very marginal issue in Northern Ireland. Accordingly, despite commitment to common symbols of Britishness the singularity of its concerns had created a political environment which left very little space for new entrants to occupy, despite, latterly, a growing race problem. The extreme Right’s effective target community was the Protestant and loyalist people, but only if it had become a major force in British politics would it have had some leverage in Northern Ireland.
‘The Meanest Form of Animal’? The Returned Yank in the Cultural Imagination
Authors: Moynihan Sinéad
Published: May 2020

The introduction maps out the key assertion of the book: that the Returned Yank surfaces repeatedly and most memorably when questions regarding ‘tradition’ and ‘modernity’ are particularly vexed. Emphasising the rhetorical significance of the figure of the returned migrant in debates about Irish economic recovery since 2008, the introduction surveys both the creative landscape inhabited by the Returned Yank since the late nineteenth century. Acknowledging that cultural representations of the figure long predate the stated parameters of the book (1952 to present), the introduction goes on to demonstrate to extent to which a series of socio-political, demographic, scholarly, cultural, business-oriented and touristic interests and efforts collided and intersected in Ireland of the 1950s, ensuring that the issues of migration and return – and, most especially, the figure of the Returned Yank – became imprinted on the public consciousness in ways not previously witnessed.
‘The Secret Dotted Line’
Authors: Moynihan Sinéad
Published: May 2020

This chapter explores the ways in which Irish writers have self-consciously invoked Irish-American return and/or the roots journey to address questions of literary genealogy. In other words, this chapter discusses narratives in which a thematic preoccupation with return also underwrites metafictional concerns with literary forebears, the Irish literary tradition and artistic exile. Exploring texts that span 1960 to 2008 and the work of prolific, exiled writers Brian Moore (1921-1999) and Edna O’Brien (b. 1930) as well as the much younger writer Denis Kehoe (b. 1978), this chapter configures ‘return’ in multiple senses: the literal returns of fictional characters to Ireland; return as ‘restoration’ (of occluded histories; of banned books); and return as an opportunity to engage with (literary) genealogies that do not conform to the gendered and heteronormative orthodoxies of the Irish literary tradition.
‘We Are Where We Are’
Authors: Moynihan Sinéad
Published: May 2020

Arguing that return emigration and the figure of the returnee have proven central to discourses of Irish economic recovery, the coda puts Colm Tóibín’s Brooklyn (2009) in conversation with Kate Kerrigan’s Ellis Island (2009), situating both historical novels emphatically within the moment of their composition rather than those periods during which they are set (1950s and 1920s). It contends that they must be read in the context of wider Irish discourses of self-analysis that accompanied the collapse of the Celtic Tiger economy, discourses which troubled the historical construction of the Irish/U.S. transatlantic relationship in oppositional terms by suggesting that boom-time Ireland had, in fact, become the U.S. Emphasising both novels’ interest in forms of feminine self-fashioning, labour and enterprise that are evocative of the ways in which the Celtic Tiger was, itself, constructed as feminine, the coda argues that the novels deploy the motifs of emigration and return in order to explore and, to varying degrees, critique the neoliberal economic model celebrated during the boom years.
A Circle of Circles (Jean-Patrick Manchette)
Authors: Hollister Lucas
Published: May 2020

This chapter examines Jean-Patrick Manchette, ‘father of the néo-polar,’ who is widely credited with bringing French crime fiction into step with the radical left politics of the 1970s. This chapter argues that an attention to questions of generic conventions and narrative shape allows us to reconsider the politics of noir as a literary form. This reconsideration of Manchette’s fictional politics begins with a close reading of Manchette’s essays on what he called the forme-polar or noir form. I then analyze two of Manchette’s late novels, Three to Kill (1976) and The Prone Gunman (1981), showing how issues of masculinity, gendered violence, and (post-)colonial violence are embedded in these fictions. Moving to questions of narrative shape and meta-aesthetic rhetoric, I show how Manchette’s work offers a radical and challenging view of the implications of working with and in cliché. Ultimately, this chapter lays out the case for a more expansive reading of Manchette’s work, one which goes beyond populist narratives about the noir novel in France, and which reads Manchette’s work as a politicized challenge to the ‘noir form’ itself.
Roland Barthes: The Proust Variations
Authors: Baldwin Thomas
Published: May 2020

By confronting the singularity of the relationship between two exemplary writers of the last century, this book challenges and reinvigorates our notions of what art and criticism – literary or otherwise – can do. While it takes Roland Barthes’s encounters with Marcel Proust’s monumental masterpiece À la recherche du temps perdu as its specific focus, the implications of its argument are far-reaching. Indeed, the book argues that Barthes’s writing on Proust’s work between the early 1950s and 1980 (including a substantial set of unpublished notes for a seminar delivered at the University of Rabat in 1969–1970) proposes not only a critical culture of Proust that is productively inconsistent, but also, more generally, a fresh understanding of criticism as a creative activity that embraces insecurity and variation as it refuses to remain fixed upon reassuringly stable themes, meanings and interpretations.
Eros, Rhythm
Authors: Baldwin Thomas
Published: May 2020

In view of Barthes’s suggestion in 1972 that his semiological fantasy has given way to the solicitations of a ‘theory of the signifier, of the literary erotic’, Chapter Two provides further evidence of the supple and variegated materials of which both À la recherche and Barthes’s writing on it are made. It considers the relationship between Barthes’s understanding of the erotic as an intermittent flicker of meaning (of signifiance), the enigmatic idea of variations without a theme, and his discussion, in Comment vivre ensemble:
simulations romanesques de quelques espaces quotidiens, of rhythm and of what he calls the ‘Charlus-Discourse’. In so doing, it reveals not only that, for Barthes, the tirelessly mobile, erotic rhythm of Proust’s novel is such that it is only partially amenable to the fantasies of structural analysis (of the kind that, according to Barthes, inform his reading of Balzac in S/Z), but also that it demands an unprecedented critical activity that takes both logical or thematic developments and explosions of affect into account.
Introduction
Authors: Kinane Ian
Published: May 2020

This chapter reconsiders literary didacticism by demonstrating the ways in which the Robinsonade novel for young readers has evolved from the anxious moralizing of earlier examples into a more socially instructive vehicle for engaging young readers with contemporary socio-political and cultural issues, such as gender politics and global post-colonial concerns. Unlike much scholarly material on the Robinsonade genre, which tends to concentrate on texts produced during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the focus of this chapter is on post-1900 works of Robinsonade fiction. The chapter also embraces a much wider definition of what has historically been understood within the Robinsonade as an ‘island’ or ‘islanded’ location.
The Subjective Nature of Time and the Individual’s (In)Ability to Inflict Social Change
Authors: Cobb Molly
Published: May 2020

This chapter explores the individual microhistory by looking at works by Alfred Bester which consider the subjective nature of time and the privatisation of temporal experience. Bester’s works often demonstrate the lack of a universal continuum and the isolated nature of an individual’s timeline, which can be seen as a representation of the individual’s (in)ability to exhibit agency over their social environment. This chapter proposes that Bester is utilising an otherwise standard SF trope to invite his readers to re-examine the way in which individuals are made to conform to a society which is given priority over the individual self. This chapter delineates the relationship between the self’s subjective experience of the world, in terms of psychology and personal identity, and the objective assumptions of that world in regards to the individual, thus demonstrating the self’s seemingly unalterable place in social history.
An Overview of Methodist Discourse Culture, 1738–1791
Authors: Winckles Andrew O.
Published: May 2020

This chapter introduces and provides and overview of the unique discourse structures, like the class meeting, that Methodism pioneered. Specifically, it traces the development of Methodist discourse from the wild and raucous beginning of the movement in 1738 until the death of John Wesley in 1791, after which the fundamental character of Methodism and its discourse structures changed. The emphasis in this chapter is especially on how early Methodists combined oral, manuscript, and print mediation practices to create a diverse, diffuse, and fundamentally unstable and uncontrollable discourse culture which had impacts on literary developments like the rise of the novel and the literature of sensibility. In particular it argues that early Methodism should be read in terms of what William Warner calls a “media event,” which made possible new means and protocols of mediation within a space of contestation and debate over what Methodism was and how dangerous its effects could be.
The Shifting Discourse Culture of Methodism, 1791–1832
Authors: Winckles Andrew O.
Published: May 2020

This chapter lays out some of the shifts in Methodist discourse culture that occurred during the early nineteenth century and suggests that, in response to these changes, Methodist women found new ways to reach their audiences and work around the Methodist hierarchy. In particular, it focuses on the lives and writings of Sarah Crosby, Mary Bosanquet Fletcher, Mary Tooth, and other members of their circle in order to illustrate how they adapted earlier Methodist discourse practices for new and potentially subversive purposes. It then turns to the work of evangelical Anglican Hannah More in the 1790’s and early 1800’s to consider how a very well-known female evangelical within the Church of England negotiated a shifting discursive terrain, especially in her Cheap Repository Tracts and her work with the Mendip Hills Sunday Schools which led to the Blagdon Controversy.
The Metamorphosis
Authors: Nora Pierre
Published: May 2020

This is a text by Pierre Nora, who explores what he calls a ‘metamorphosis’ in French identity that has slowly taken place over the last few decades. Nora argues that France has been experiencing a painful reckoning of sorts around its shifting identity in the post-Gaullist era. His essay explores the retreat of the national-republican ideal, which has been replaced, he argues, with a fragmented landscape of memory-based identities. This new way of being a nation is characterized by multiple communities, each with its own particular mnemonic identity, often motivated by historical grievances.
Bernard Frank and Patrick Modiano Jewish Writers
Authors: Prince Gerald
Published: May 2020

Gerald Prince conducts a comparative study of Bernard Frank and Patrick Modiano, two contemporaries who shared a number of literary affinities, including having come to writing because of their Jewishness. Prince explores the effects of antisemitism on each writer, with special emphasis on the Nazi occupation of France. The choice of these two writers to explore questions around Jewishness sheds new light on the widely read and celebrated Modiano, whose relationship and rivalry with Frank is a relatively unknown facet of his career. This essay will, moreover, likely serve to introduce readers to the work of Frank, a writer of genius, Prince contends, whose work has been unfairly overlooked.
For Lawrence Kritzman
Authors: Nora Pierre
Published: May 2020

A tribute to Lawrence D. Kritzman, this volume’s honoree.