bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Latent Heat Loss Through Fabrics During an Alternate Simulated Work–Rest Sequence
Authors: Garcia Torres Edgar , Abedin Faisal , DenHartog Emiel
Published: April 2024

Humans produce different rates of sweating depending on the intensity level of a given activity. The clothing worn during the activity has a significant effect on the latent heat loss that can occur before, during, and after the activity. The water adsorption and spreading properties of a material yield differences in the amount of heat exchange that can occur between the person and the environment. Current test methods evaluate this using a value known as evaporative resistance, which is used to determine the heat exchange potential of a material. However, this value is only taken once the material has reached “steady state” and does not consider the sweating period before steady state is reached, or the drying period after steady state is reached. Therefore, an area under the curve (AUC) value was derived during these periods to compare the heat exchange properties of different materials. A sweating guarded hot plate was used to simulate different sweat rates, and therefore activity levels, to compare materials constructed of cotton, viscose, polyester, and wool. The overall latent heat loss of the hydrophobic wool was much less compared to the other samples with a gentler slope and lower AUC values than the other samples. It was found that the segment of time analyzed has a significant impact on the conclusion drawn about the latent heat loss of a material, p < 0.0001. Sweat rate also has a significant impact on the heat loss value, p < 0.0001, but is perhaps less useful when comparing samples to each other. It was found that comparing the different periods of the test could yield different conclusions when comparing materials for latent heat loss. Several current test methods do not consider phases outside of the steady state period and therefore miss valuable information pertinent to user comfort during these phases, especially in the post-exercise phase.
Autosomal Recessive ADAMTSL4-Related Isolated Ectopia Lentis in the Ohio Old Order Amish and Mennonite Communities
Authors: Chiang TsunKang , Kloosterboer Amy , Örge Faruk , Sobol Warren , Echegaray Jose J.
Published: April 2024

Purpose: To present a series of 4 patients from the Ohio Amish or Mennonite populations with isolated ectopia lentis. Methods: A case series was evaluated. Results: Four cases with bilateral lens subluxations were diagnosed with a homozygous c.767_786del pathogenic variant in ADAMTSL4. Their ages ranged from 2 to 22 years. Three cases were symptomatic and were managed surgically with lensectomy, vitrectomy, and endolaser photocoagulation with or without secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. One asymptomatic patient was observed. The postoperative visual acuity ranged from 20/20 to 20/60 in nonamblyopic eyes. Conclusions: The pathogenic homozygous c.767_786del variant in ADAMTSL4 may be a cause of bilateral isolated ectopia lentis in the Ohio Amish and Mennonite populations, likely as a result of a founder effect. Vitrectomy and lens extraction with or without secondary IOL implantation may lead to good visual outcomes. There were no cases of retinal detachment.
Relationship between teachers' assessments of non-cognitive skills and cognitive skills in junior high school mathematics
Authors: Miyazaki Mikio , Yoshikawa Atsushi , Fujita Taro
Published: April 2024

The assessment of non-cognitive skills and the relationship between non-cognitive skills and cognitive skills have been studied using an interdisciplinary framework; however, this has not resulted in learning or teaching improvements. This study focused on teachers’ observational assessment of non-cognitive skills specific to junior high school mathematics. Questionnaire surveys were used and a factor analysis was conducted. Three factors were identified to assess non-cognitive skills specific to junior high school mathematics based on teachers’ observations: cooperation in mathematical problem-solving, spirit of inquiry in mathematical problem-solving, and composure in mathematical problem-solving. To analyze the relationship between each factor and the overall assessment of cognitive skills in junior high school mathematics, each factor's assessment was divided according to the stages of cognitive skills. A positive proportionality emerged between the assessment of the non-cognitive skills and cognitive skills. If these two assessments are treated independently, the findings suggest that teachers may have difficulty distinguishing between the assessments, both of which are specific to junior high school mathematics.
Environmental and Educational Systems for Gifted Students: Rural and Central Contexts
Authors: Grinshtain Yael , Miedijensky Shirley , Zibenberg Alexander
Published: April 2024

Drawing on the bioecological theory developed by Bronfenbrenner, the researchers of this study examined four environmental systems—microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem—for gifted children in Israel as perceived by their parents, focusing on a comparison between rural and central contexts. The rural context comprises peripheral areas that are located in distant areas and characterized by small settlements. The central context refers to settlements that are located in the center of the country, characterized by large urban municipalities. The researchers developed a questionnaire that was taken by 284 Israeli parents of gifted students. Results indicated that parents perceived the macrosystem as less contributory to the development of gifted students in rural areas. Parents in rural areas also believed the governance system was less supportive of the needs of gifted students and offered fewer practical and educational and learning resources. The microsystem, in contrast, was seen as contributory in rural areas: Community, friends, and home/family were significantly stronger in the rural context. Thus, the contribution of the microsystem seems to balance the weaknesses or shortcomings of the macrosystem. This study identifies the best systems for gifted students in rural areas by highlighting the importance of the community while also pointing out the lack of support from government.
Knowledge Entrainment in Large-Scale Transformation Projects: The Evidence-Based Strategy and the Innovation-Based Strategy
Authors: Pemsel Sofia , Söderlund Jonas
Published: April 2024

Prior research has indicated that knowledge integration is essential for succeeding with large-scale transformation (LST) projects. However, research has largely ignored the processual properties of knowledge integration. This article embarks on the notion of knowledge entrainment and demonstrates the criticality of the processual nature of knowledge integration. Through a comparative qualitative case study of two LST projects in the healthcare sector, two knowledge entrainment strategies were identified (the evidence-based strategy and the innovation-based strategy). Data analysis uncovered triggers, practices, and outcomes of the two knowledge entrainment strategies. Additionally, the central role of temporary project management offices (PMOs) for arranging knowledge entrainment within the LST projects is demonstrated.
Purification of Iranian bentonite for organoclay synthesis for use in clay–polymer composites
Authors: Shabani Moghaddam Faraz , Ghanbari Hajar , Mirkazemi Seyed Mohammad , Ahmadi Fatemeh
Published: April 2024

Polymer-based composites modified with organoclay are economically beneficial candidates for a variety of applications. Different types of impurities accompany montmorillonite phases in various bentonites, which impact the quality and cost of organoclays and final composites. To obtain organoclays for clay composite applications, eight Iranian raw bentonites from different geographical locations were selected as the candidates and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Sample IB was chosen due to its high purity and lower cristobalite content than the other samples. It was purified by centrifugation or sedimentation methods using a sodium hexametaphosphate (NaHMP) dispersant. The cation-exchange capacity (CEC) was measured for bentonite before and after purification by sedimentation, and it showed a significant increase from 6.944 to 12.128 eq g–1, confirming successful purification. Organoclays were prepared using purified bentonite (sedimentation method) with two surfactants (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and octadecylamine), and the amount of octadecylamine was optimized. Purified bentonite and organoclay were characterized by XRD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray fluorescence. The results indicate that most of the impurities were removed after purification, and the interlayer space of organoclays increased to 35 Å in the optimized sample prepared with an amount of octadecylamine that was twice the CEC in purified bentonite. The prepared organoclay was used to improve low-density polyethylene (LDPE) polymer properties. The clay–polymer composite properties were studied by field emission SEM, thermogravimetric analysis and tensile strength tests. The organoclay was fully dispersed in the LDPE matrix and in the sample with 5 wt.% of organoclay, where Ti (the temperature at which 10% of the sample is decomposed) and T50% (the midpoint of degradation) were 17°C and 13°C greater than those of polyethylene, respectively. Additionally, the sample residue with 5 wt.% of organoclay at 600°C was 43.4%. The tensile strength of polyethylene increased from 8.67 to 9.03 MPa in the sample with 4 wt.% of organoclay.
Fluor-rossmanite, □(Al2Li)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F, a new tourmaline supergroup mineral from Malkhan pegmatite field, Western Siberia, Russia
Authors: Kasatkin Anatoly V. , Nestola Fabrizio , Day Maxwell C. , Gorelova Liudmila A. , Škoda Radek , Vereshchagin Oleg S. , Agakhanov Atali A. , Belakovskiy Dmitriy I. , Pamato Martha G. , Cempírek Jan , Yu. Anosov Mikhail
Published: April 2024

Fluor-rossmanite, ideally □(Al2Li)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F, is a new mineral of the tourmaline supergroup, found at the Krutaya pegmatite, Malkhan pegmatite field, Zabaykalskiy Krai, Western Siberia, Russia. It forms an intermediate zone up to 3 mm thick in a chemically heterogeneous, concentrically zoned, polychrome tourmaline crystal 3 × 2 cm in size. The new mineral is light pink, transparent with a white streak and a vitreous lustre. It is brittle, with conchoidal fracture. The Mohs hardness is 7. The Dmeas = 3.07(2) g cm–3 and Dcalc = 3.071 g cm–3. Optically, fluor-rossmanite is non-pleochroic, uniaxial (–), ω = 1.647(2) and ɛ = 1.628(2) (589 nm). The empirical formula calculated on the basis of 31 anions (O+OH+F) is: X(□0.46Na0.32Ca0.20Pb0.02)Σ1.00Y(Al1.84Li1.05Mn0.05Fe2+0.02Ti0.02Cr0.01)Σ2.99ZAl6.00T(Si5.79Al0.21)Σ6.00B2.99O27V(OH)3W[F0.44(OH)0.20O0.36]Σ1.00. Fluor-rossmanite is trigonal, R3m; the unit-cell parameters are: a = 15.7951(3), c = 7.08646(17) Å, V = 1531.11(7) Å3 and Z = 3. The crystal structure is refined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data [R = 0.0211 for 1178 unique reflections with I > 2σ(I)]. The new mineral is a ‘fluor-’ species belonging to the X-vacant group of the tourmaline supergroup. The closest end-member compositions of valid tourmaline species are those of rossmanite and fluor-elbaite, to which fluor-rossmanite is related by the substitutions WF– ↔ WOH– and X2□ + YAl3+ ↔ X2Na+ + YLi+, respectively.
Photodynamic impact of curcumin enhanced silver functionalized graphene nanocomposites on Candida virulence
Authors: Balakrishnan Dhivyabharathi , Lee Cheng-I
Published: April 2024

Candida species are escalating resistance to conventional antifungal treatments, intensifying their virulence, and obstructing the effectiveness of antifungal medications. Addressing this challenge is essential for effectively managing Candida infections. The overarching objective is to advance the development of more efficient and precise therapies tailored to counter Candida infections. This study focuses on developing antifungal combined drugs using curcumin-enhanced silver-functionalized graphene nanocomposites (Cur-AgrGO) to effectively target key virulence factors of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. glabrata (Candida spp.). The green reduction of graphene oxide (GO) using bioentities and active molecules makes this approach cost-effective and environmentally friendly. The nanocomposites were characterized using various techniques. Combining Cur-AgrGO with photodynamic therapy (PDT) demonstrated effective antifungal and antibiofilm activity with delayed growth and metabolism. The nanocomposites effectively suppressed hyphal transition and reduced key virulence factors, including proteinases, phospholipases, ergosterol levels, and cell membrane integrity. The findings suggest that Cur-AgrGO + PDT has potential as a treatment option for Candida infections. This innovative approach holds promise for treating Candida infections.

Graphical abstract
Latent profiles of fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Barnes Alex , Toson Barbara , Bryant R. V. , Mukherjee Sutapa , Andrews Jane M. , Spizzo Paul , Mountifield Réme
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Fatigue is prevalent in people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and has been associated with IBD activity, sleep quality, depression, and anxiety. This study aimed to identify fatigue profiles or clusters through latent profile analysis.

Methods

An online questionnaire was administered through three tertiary IBD centres, social media and through Crohn’s Colitis Australia. Fatigue was assessed via the Functional assessment of chronic illness measurement system fatigue subscale (FACIT-F), a validated assessment of fatigue and its severity. Validated measures of anxiety, depression, IBD activity and sleep quality were also included. Latent profile analysis was performed including fatigue, sleep quality, active IBD, and depression and anxiety. The relationships between profiles and IBD and demographic data were investigated.

Results

In a cohort of 535 respondents, 77% were female, the median age was 41 years (range 32–52 years), and the majority had Crohn’s disease (62%). Severe fatigue was seen in 62%. Latent profile analysis identified four distinct profiles differing by fatigue score - low fatigue, at-risk profile, active IBD, and a poor mental health profile. Female gender, obesity and opioid usage were associated with higher risk of being in the active IBD and poor mental health profile. Age over 40 was associated with lower risk of being in the poor mental health profile.

Conclusion

Latent profile analysis identifies four classes of fatigue in an IBD cohort with associations with specific risk factors for fatigue along with specific IBD and demographic attributes. This has implications for the classification of fatigue in IBD and treatment algorithms.
3D printing of Ceffe-infused scaffolds for tailored nipple-like cartilage development
Authors: Ding Jinghao , Wei Chuanzhi , Xu Yong , Dai Wufei , Chen Ru
Published: April 2024

The reconstruction of a stable, nipple-shaped cartilage graft that precisely matches the natural nipple in shape and size on the contralateral side is a clinical challenge. While 3D printing technology can efficiently and accurately manufacture customized complex structures, it faces limitations due to inadequate blood supply, which hampers the stability of nipple-shaped cartilage grafts produced using this technology. To address this issue, we employed a biodegradable biomaterial, Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), loaded with Cell-Free Fat Extract (Ceffe). Ceffe has demonstrated the ability to promote angiogenesis and cell proliferation, making it an ideal bio-ink for bioprinting precise nipple-shaped cartilage grafts. We utilized the Ceffe/PLGA scaffold to create a porous structure with a precise nipple shape. This scaffold exhibited favorable porosity and pore size, ensuring stable shape maintenance and satisfactory biomechanical properties. Importantly, it could release Ceffe in a sustained manner. Our in vitro results confirmed the scaffold’s good biocompatibility and its ability to promote angiogenesis, as evidenced by supporting chondrocyte proliferation and endothelial cell migration and tube formation. Furthermore, after 8 weeks of in vivo culture, the Ceffe/PLGA scaffold seeded with chondrocytes regenerated into a cartilage support structure with a precise nipple shape. Compared to the pure PLGA group, the Ceffe/PLGA scaffold showed remarkable vascular formation, highlighting the beneficial effects of Ceffe. These findings suggest that our designed Ceffe/PLGA scaffold with a nipple shape represents a promising strategy for precise nipple-shaped cartilage regeneration, laying a foundation for subsequent nipple reconstruction.
Pathways and identity: toward qualitative research careers in child and adolescent psychiatry
Authors: Martin Andrés , DiGiovanni Madeline , Acquaye Amber , Ponticiello Matthew , Chou Débora Tseng , Neto Emilio Abelama , Michel Alexandre , Sibeoni Jordan , Piot Marie-Aude , Spodenkiewicz Michel , Benoit Laelia
Published: April 2024

Objective

Qualitative research methods are based on the analysis of words rather than numbers; they encourage self-reflection on the investigator’s part; they are attuned to social interaction and nuance; and they incorporate their subjects’ thoughts and feelings as primary sources. Despite appearing well suited for research in child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP), qualitative methods have had relatively minor uptake in the discipline. We conducted a qualitative study of CAPs involved in qualitative research to learn about these investigators’ lived experiences, and to identify modifiable factors to promote qualitative methods within the field of youth mental health.

Methods

We conducted individual, semi-structured 1-h long interviews through Zoom. Using purposive sample, we selected 23 participants drawn from the US (n = 12) and from France (n = 11), and equally divided in each country across seniority level. All participants were current or aspiring CAPs and had published at least one peer-reviewed qualitative article. Ten participants were women (44%). We recorded all interviews digitally and transcribed them for analysis. We coded the transcripts according to the principles of thematic analysis and approached data analysis, interpretation, and conceptualization informed by an interpersonal phenomenological analysis (IPA) framework.

Results

Through iterative thematic analysis we developed a conceptual model consisting of three domains: (1) Becoming a qualitativist: embracing a different way of knowing (in turn divided into the three themes of priming factors/personal fit; discovering qualitative research; and transitioning in); (2) Being a qualitativist: immersing oneself in a different kind of research (in turn divided into quality: doing qualitative research well; and community: mentors, mentees, and teams); and (3) Nurturing: toward a higher quality future in CAP (in turn divided into current state of qualitative methods in CAP; and advocating for qualitative methods in CAP). For each domain, we go on to propose specific strategies to enhance entry into qualitative careers and research in CAP: (1) Becoming: personalizing the investigator’s research focus; balancing inward and outward views; and leveraging practical advantages; (2) Being: seeking epistemological flexibility; moving beyond bibliometrics; and the potential and risks of mixing methods; and (3) Nurturing: invigorating a quality pipeline; and building communities.

Conclusions

We have identified factors that can support or impede entry into qualitative research among CAPs. Based on these modifiable findings, we propose possible solutions to enhance entry into qualitative methods in CAP (pathways), and to foster longer-term commitment to this type of research (identity).
Blocking the MIF-CD74 axis augments radiotherapy efficacy for brain metastasis in NSCLC via synergistically promoting microglia M1 polarization
Authors: Liu Lichao , Wang Jian , Wang Ying , Chen Lingjuan , Peng Ling , Bin Yawen , Ding Peng , Zhang Ruiguang , Tong Fan , Dong Xiaorong
Published: April 2024

Background

Brain metastasis is one of the main causes of recurrence and death in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although radiotherapy is the main local therapy for brain metastasis, it is inevitable that some cancer cells become resistant to radiation. Microglia, as macrophages colonized in the brain, play an important role in the tumor microenvironment. Radiotherapy could activate microglia to polarize into both the M1 and M2 phenotypes. Therefore, searching for crosstalk molecules within the microenvironment that can specifically regulate the polarization of microglia is a potential strategy for improving radiation resistance.

Methods

We used databases to detect the expression of MIF in NSCLC and its relationship with prognosis. We analyzed the effects of targeted blockade of the MIF/CD74 axis on the polarization and function of microglia during radiotherapy using flow cytometry. The mouse model of brain metastasis was used to assess the effect of targeted blockade of MIF/CD74 axis on the growth of brain metastasis.

Result

Our findings reveals that the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was highly expressed in NSCLC and is associated with the prognosis of NSCLC. Mechanistically, we demonstrated CD74 inhibition reversed radiation-induced AKT phosphorylation in microglia and promoted the M1 polarization in combination of radiation. Additionally, blocking the MIF-CD74 interaction between NSCLC and microglia promoted microglia M1 polarization. Furthermore, radiation improved tumor hypoxia to decrease HIF-1α dependent MIF secretion by NSCLC. MIF inhibition enhanced radiosensitivity for brain metastasis via synergistically promoting microglia M1 polarization in vivo.

Conclusions

Our study revealed that targeting the MIF-CD74 axis promoted microglia M1 polarization and synergized with radiotherapy for brain metastasis in NSCLC.
Italian peninsula as a hybridization zone of Ixodes inopinatus and I. ricinus and the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in I. inopinatus, I. ricinus, and their hybrids
Authors: Daněk Ondřej , Hrbatová Alena , Volfová Karolina , Ševčíková Sylvie , Lesiczka Paulina , Nováková Markéta , Ghodrati Sajjad , Hrazdilova Kristyna , Veneziano Vincenzo , Napoli Ettore , Otranto Domenico , Montarsi Fabrizio , Mihalca Andrei Daniel , Mechouk Noureddine , Adamík Peter , Modrý David , Zurek Ludek
Published: April 2024

Background

Ixodes inopinatus was described from Spain on the basis of morphology and partial sequencing of 16S ribosomal DNA. However, several studies suggested that morphological differences between I. inopinatus and Ixodes ricinus are minimal and that 16S rDNA lacks the power to distinguish the two species. Furthermore, nuclear and mitochondrial markers indicated evidence of hybridization between I. inopinatus and I. ricinus. In this study, we tested our hypothesis on tick dispersal from North Africa to Southern Europe and determined the prevalence of selected tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) in I. inopinatus, I. ricinus, and their hybrids.

Methods

Ticks were collected in Italy and Algeria by flagging, identified by sequencing of partial TROSPA and COI genes, and screened for Borrelia burgdorferi s.l., B. miyamotoi, Rickettsia spp., and Anaplasma phagocytophilum by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of specific markers.

Results

Out of the 380 ticks, in Italy, 92 were I. ricinus, 3 were I. inopinatus, and 136 were hybrids of the two species. All 149 ticks from Algeria were I. inopinatus. Overall, 60% of ticks were positive for at least one TBP. Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. was detected in 19.5% of ticks, and it was significantly more prevalent in Ixodes ticks from Algeria than in ticks from Italy. Prevalence of Rickettsia spotted fever group (SFG) was 51.1%, with significantly greater prevalence in ticks from Algeria than in ticks from Italy. Borrelia miyamotoi and A. phagocytophilum were detected in low prevalence (0.9% and 5.2%, respectively) and only in ticks from Italy.

Conclusions

This study indicates that I. inopinatus is a dominant species in Algeria, while I. ricinus and hybrids were common in Italy. The higher prevalence of B. burgdorferi s.l. and Rickettsia SFG in I. inopinatus compared with that in I. ricinus might be due to geographical and ecological differences between these two tick species. The role of I. inopinatus in the epidemiology of TBPs needs further investigation in the Mediterranean Basin.

Graphical Abstract
Application of exercise therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease-induced muscle atrophy: a scoping review
Authors: Yin Jiawei , Zhang Xiaotu , Wang Zilin , Qu Zihan , Sun Xuefeng , Song Yuqing , Zhang Hongshi
Published: April 2024

Background

The prevalence of muscle atrophy in patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents a significant challenge to healthcare providers, necessitating innovative approaches to management and care. Against this backdrop, this study embarks on a comprehensive review of literature concerning the application of exercise interventions in the nursing care of these patients. Such interventions are critical in addressing the debilitating effects of the condition, which include progressive loss of muscle mass and strength, adversely affecting patient mobility, quality of life, and overall survival. This review aims to identify the specific exercise modalities, contents, outcome indicators, and application effects associated with this intervention, in the context of the complex interplay of metabolic, inflammatory, and hormonal factors contributing to muscle wasting in CKD patients. By examining the efficacy of various exercise interventions, this study seeks to elucidate optimal strategies for mitigating the impact of CKD-induced muscle atrophy, thereby informing clinical practices and improving patient outcomes.

Methods

According to the method of a scoping review, nine databases (Cochrane, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, ProQuest, Ovid, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and VIP) were searched until September 28, 2023. The included literature was screened, summarized, and analyzed.

Results

A total of 20 pieces of literature were included. Some types include aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and aerobic combined resistance exercise. The exercise intensity primarily falls within the mild to moderate range, with a recommended frequency of 2 − 3 times a week, lasting 30 − 60 min each time. The types of outcomes encompassed in this study include body composition, functional testing, strength measurements, laboratory examinations, cardiopulmonary function assessments, and patient-reported outcomes. To varying degrees, exercise intervention positively impacts the subjects' physical activity ability, body composition, and skeletal muscle status. Currently, resistance training is the primary type of intervention used for preventing and treating CKD patients induced by muscle atrophy.

Conclusion

Exercise intervention can improve muscle strength, physical function, and quality of life in patients with CKD muscle atrophy. Therefore, patients should be fully informed of the effect of exercise intervention in the treatment of chronic kidney disease-induced muscle atrophy in future, so as to promote the standardized implementation of exercise intervention.
Genome- and epigenome-wide association studies identify susceptibility of CpG sites and regions for metabolic syndrome in a Korean population
Authors: Lee Ho-Sun , Kim Boram , Park Taesung
Published: April 2024

Background

While multiple studies have investigated the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its related traits (fasting glucose, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, blood pressure, waist circumference) and DNA methylation, our understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms in MetS remains limited. Therefore, we performed an epigenome-wide meta-analysis of blood DNA methylation to identify differentially methylated probes (DMPs) and differentially methylated regions (DMRs) associated with MetS and its components using two independent cohorts comprising a total of 2,334 participants. We also investigated the specific genetic effects on DNA methylation, identified methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTLs) through genome-wide association studies and further utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess how these meQTLs subsequently influence MetS status.

Results

We identified 40 DMPs and 27 DMRs that are significantly associated with MetS. In addition, we identified many novel DMPs and DMRs underlying inflammatory and steroid hormonal processes. The most significant associations were observed in 3 DMPs (cg19693031, cg26974062, cg02988288) and a DMR (chr1:145440444–145441553) at the TXNIP, which are involved in lipid metabolism. These CpG sites were identified as coregulators of DNA methylation in MetS, TG and FAG levels. We identified a total of 144 cis-meQTLs, out of which only 13 were found to be associated with DMPs for MetS. Among these, we confirmed the identified causal mediators of genetic effects at CpG sites cg01881899 at ABCG1 and cg00021659 at the TANK genes for MetS.

Conclusions

This study observed whether specific CpGs and methylated regions act independently or are influenced by genetic effects for MetS and its components in the Korean population. These associations between the identified DNA methylation and MetS, along with its individual components, may serve as promising targets for the development of preventive interventions for MetS.
Safety and efficacy of umbilical cord tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of patients with aging frailty: a phase I/II randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Zhu Yingqian , Huang Ce , Zheng Liang , Li Qingqing , Ge Jianli , Geng ShaSha , Zhai Miaomiao , Chen Xin , Yuan Huixiao , Li Yang , Jia Wenwen , Sun Keping , Li Yan , Ye Tong , Zhao Zhengmei , Liu Hailiang , Liu Zhongmin , Jiang Hua
Published: April 2024

Background

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold a great promise for cell-based therapy in the field of regenerative medicine. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravenous infusion of human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (HUC-MSCs) in patients with aging frailty.

Methods

In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, participants diagnosed with aging frailty were randomly assigned to receive intravenous administrations of HUC-MSCs or placebo. All of serious adverse events and AEs were monitored to evaluate the safety of treatment during the 6-month follow-up. The primary efficacy endpoint was alteration of physical component scores (PCS) of SF-36 qualities of life at 6 months. The secondary outcomes including physical performance tests and pro-inflammatory cytokines, were also observed and compared at each follow-up visits. All evaluations were performed at 1 week, 1, 2, 3 and 6 months following the first intravenous infusion of HUC-MSCs.

Results

In the MSCs group, significant improvements in PCS of SF-36 were observed from first post-treatment visit and sustained throughout the follow-up period, with greater changes compared to the placebo group (p = 0.042). EQ-VAS scores of MSCs group improved significantly at 2 month (p = 0.023) and continued until the end of the 6-month visit (p = 0.002) in comparison to the placebo group. The timed up and go (TUG) physical performance test revealed significant group difference and showed continual enhancements over 6 months (p < 0.05). MSC transplantation improved the function of 4-m walking test (4MWT) compared with the placebo group with a decrease of 2.05 s at 6 months of follow-up (p = 0.21). The measurement of grip strength revealed group difference with MSCs group demonstrating better performance, particularly at 6 months (p = 0.002). Inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-17) exhibited declines in MSCs group at 6 months compared to the placebo group (p = 0.034 and 0.033, respectively). There was no difference of incidence of AEs between the two groups.

Conclusion

Intravenous transplantation of HUC-MSCs is a safe and effective therapeutic approach on aging frailty. The positive outcomes observed in improving quality of life, physical performance, and reducing chronic inflammation, suggest that HUC-MSC therapy may be a promising potential treatment option for aging frailty.

Trial Registration: Clinicaltrial.gov; NCT04314011; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04314011.
Thrombopoietin mimetic stimulates bone marrow vascular and stromal niches to mitigate acute radiation syndrome
Authors: Vercellino Justin , Małachowska Beata , Kulkarni Shilpa , Bell Brett I. , Shajahan Shahin , Shinoda Kosaku , Eichenbaum Gary , Verma Amit K. , Ghosh Sanchita P. , Yang Weng-Lang , Frenette Paul S. , Guha Chandan
Published: April 2024

Background

Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) manifests after exposure to high doses of radiation in the instances of radiologic accidents or incidents. Facilitating regeneration of the bone marrow (BM), namely the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), is key in mitigating ARS and multi-organ failure. JNJ-26366821, a PEGylated thrombopoietin mimetic (TPOm) peptide, has been shown as an effective medical countermeasure (MCM) to treat hematopoietic-ARS (H-ARS) in mice. However, the activity of TPOm on regulating BM vascular and stromal niches to support HSPC regeneration has yet to be elucidated.

Methods

C57BL/6J mice (9–14 weeks old) received sublethal or lethal total body irradiation (TBI), a model for H-ARS, by 137Cs or X-rays. At 24 h post-irradiation, mice were subcutaneously injected with a single dose of TPOm (0.3 mg/kg or 1.0 mg/kg) or PBS (vehicle). At homeostasis and on days 4, 7, 10, 14, 18, and 21 post-TBI with and without TPOm treatment, BM was harvested for histology, BM flow cytometry of HSPCs, endothelial (EC) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), and whole-mount confocal microscopy. For survival, irradiated mice were monitored and weighed for 30 days. Lastly, BM triple negative cells (TNC; CD45−, TER-119−, CD31−) were sorted for single-cell RNA-sequencing to examine transcriptomics after TBI with or without TPOm treatment.

Results

At homeostasis, TPOm expanded the number of circulating platelets and HSPCs, ECs, and MSCs in the BM. Following sublethal TBI, TPOm improved BM architecture and promoted recovery of HSPCs, ECs, and MSCs. Furthermore, TPOm elevated VEGF-C levels in normal and irradiated mice. Following lethal irradiation, mice improved body weight recovery and 30-day survival when treated with TPOm after 137Cs and X-ray exposure. Additionally, TPOm reduced vascular dilation and permeability. Finally, single-cell RNA-seq analysis indicated that TPOm increased the expression of collagens in MSCs to enhance their interaction with other progenitors in BM and upregulated the regeneration pathway in MSCs.

Conclusions

TPOm interacts with BM vascular and stromal niches to locally support hematopoietic reconstitution and systemically improve survival in mice after TBI. Therefore, this work warrants the development of TPOm as a potent radiation MCM for the treatment of ARS.
The Middle Triassic palaeontomofauna of Monte San Giorgio with the description of Merithone laetitiae (†Permithonidae) gen. et sp. nov.
Authors: Montagna Matteo , Magoga Giulia , Magnani Fabio
Published: April 2024

The Triassic is considered a crucial period for the establishment of the modern insect fauna and fossil records from this period are fundamental for understanding the real impact that the end Permian Mass Extinction events had on these animals. Here, we review the insect fossils from one of the main deposits of this period in the world, Monte San Giorgio, which is considered one of the nine main insect Fossillagerstätten. In this Lagerstätte, located on the border between Switzerland and Italy, a total of 273 fossil insects have been collected in five localities. The fossils found in Val Mara site D, one of the two richest insect fossils sites of Monte San Giorgio, present peculiar features, such as extraordinary sizes and phosphatisation of internal tissues revealing fine internal details. In contrast, the Val Mara site VM 12 fossil record (248 specimens) is dominated by small to medium size insects, usually almost intact, preserving details such as setae on wings and compound eyes. Besides these exceptional features, these fossil insects are of extreme evolutionary importance, since they represent the first or the last occurrence for their lineage. In this regard, their use to calibrate nodes in a phylogenomic dating analysis led to backdating the origin of many insect lineages, including Diptera and Heteroptera. Up to now, a total of five species from Monte San Giorgio have been formally described, belonging to the orders Archaeognatha (†Monura and Machilidae), Ephemeroptera, Hemiptera (Tingidae) and Coleoptera (Adephaga). A further species,Merithone laetitiae(†Permithonidae) gen. et sp. nov., whose fossil is included among the recent findings in Val Mara site VM 12, is described in the present work.
Association between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and in-hospital mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease and coronary artery disease in the intensive care unit
Authors: Luo Jingjing , Zhou Yufan , Song Yu , Wang Dashuai , Li Meihong , Du Xinling , Kang Jihong , Ye Ping , Xia Jiahong
Published: April 2024

Background

The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios (NLR) and the risk of in-hospital death in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with both chronic kidney disease (CKD) and coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods

Data from the MIMIC-IV database, which includes a vast collection of more than 50,000 ICU admissions occurring between 2008 and 2019, was utilized in the study and eICU-CRD was conducted for external verification. The Boruta algorithm was employed for feature selection. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses and multivariate restricted cubic spline regression were employed to scrutinize the association between NLR and in-hospital mortality. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were conducted to estimate the predictive ability of NLR.

Results

After carefully applying criteria to include and exclude participants, a total of 2254 patients with CKD and CAD were included in the research. The findings showed a median NLR of 7.3 (4.4, 12.1). The outcomes of multivariable logistic regression demonstrated that NLR significantly elevated the risk of in-hospital mortality (OR 2.122, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.542–2.921, P < 0.001) after accounting for all relevant factors. Further insights from subgroup analyses unveiled that age and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores displayed an interactive effect in the correlation between NLR and in-hospital deaths. The NLR combined with traditional cardiovascular risk factors showed relatively great predictive value for in-hospital mortality (AUC 0.750).

Conclusion

The findings of this research indicate that the NLR can be used as an indicator for predicting the likelihood of death during a patient’s stay in the intensive care unit, particularly for individuals with both CAD and CKD. The results indicate that NLR may serve as a valuable tool for assessing and managing risks in this group at high risk. Further investigation is required to authenticate these findings and investigate the mechanisms that underlie the correlation between NLR and mortality in individuals with CAD and CKD.
A review of electronic devices for tracking small and medium migratory shorebirds
Authors: Gould Lori A. , Manning Adrian D. , McGinness Heather M. , Hansen Birgita D.
Published: April 2024

Small- to medium-sized shorebirds (< 200 g) can be particularly difficult to track with electronic devices due to their small size and long-distance migrations which place restrictions on device weight and size. A lack of comparative information on suitable tracking devices makes selecting the most appropriate technology time consuming and complex and can result in duplication of effort for each research project. The purpose of this paper is to address this issue by presenting a review of the scientific literature and commercially available devices to help inform device selection as well as options for attachment. The ideal device for tracking small to medium migratory shorebirds would be light weight (< 5% of a bird bodyweight), flat in profile, durable, have high battery longevity, remote data download, easy to attach from a bird welfare perspective, high spatiotemporal resolution and would be low in cost (so that a large enough sample size can be obtained). This ideal device does not yet exist due to the limitations on the weight of the power supply necessary to obtain frequent, high resolution location fixes over long time periods. As a result, the current choice of device depends on the purpose of the study. Platform Transmitter Terminal (PTT) doppler devices are suitable for tracking long distance movement due to their smaller size and lighter weight (around 2 g), but produce lower resolution location data and are expensive. For tracking smaller-scale movements (i.e., tens of kilometres), Global Positioning System (GPS) devices are more suitable, because they produce higher-resolution location data and are often more cost effective but tend to be heavier. Other device options for obtaining movement data include radio telemetry and light-level geolocators, which are generally lighter and cheaper than GPS or Doppler devices but require more effort to retrieve data and often produce lower resolution location data. Attachment methods and materials vary, but the most suitable is usually leg loop harnesses made with soft materials that are likely to degrade (e.g., elastic). Device type and harness design need to be carefully chosen to minimize potential impacts on the animal.
Self-reported health related quality of life in children and adolescents with an eating disorder
Authors: Wever A. , van Gerner E. , Jansen J.C.M , Levelink B.
Published: April 2024

Background

Eating disorders in children and adolescents can have serious medical and psychological consequences. The objective of this retrospective quantitative study is to gain insight in self-reported Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of children and adolescents with a DSM-5 diagnosis of an eating disorder.

Method

Collect and analyse data of patients aged 8–18 years, receiving treatment for an eating disorder. At the start and end of treatment patients completed the KIDSCREEN-52, a questionnaire measuring HRQoL.

Results

Data of 140 patients were analysed. Children diagnosed with Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder all had lower HRQoL on multiple dimensions at the start of treatment, there is no statistically significant difference between these groups. In contrast, patients with Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder only had lower HRQoL for the dimension Physical Well-Being. HRQoL showed a significant improvement in many dimensions between start and end of treatment, but did not normalize compared to normative reference values of Dutch children.

Conclusion

The current study showed that self-reported HRQoL is low in children with eating disorders, both at the beginning but also at the end of treatment. This confirms the importance of continuing to invest in the various HRQoL domains.
Disulfidptosis decoded: a journey through cell death mysteries, regulatory networks, disease paradigms and future directions
Authors: Chen Jinyu , Ma Boyuan , Yang Yubiao , Wang Bitao , Hao Jian , Zhou Xianhu
Published: April 2024

Cell death is an important part of the life cycle, serving as a foundation for both the orderly development and the maintenance of physiological equilibrium within organisms. This process is fundamental, as it eliminates senescent, impaired, or aberrant cells while also promoting tissue regeneration and immunological responses. A novel paradigm of programmed cell death, known as disulfidptosis, has recently emerged in the scientific circle. Disulfidptosis is defined as the accumulation of cystine by cancer cells with high expression of the solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) during glucose starvation. This accumulation causes extensive disulfide linkages between F-actins, resulting in their contraction and subsequent detachment from the cellular membrane, triggering cellular death. The RAC1-WRC axis is involved in this phenomenon. Disulfidptosis sparked growing interest due to its potential applications in a variety of pathologies, particularly oncology, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic anomalies. Nonetheless, the complexities of its regulatory pathways remain elusive, and its precise molecular targets have yet to be definitively identified. This manuscript aims to meticulously dissect the historical evolution, molecular underpinnings, regulatory frameworks, and potential implications of disulfidptosis in various disease contexts, illuminating its promise as a groundbreaking therapeutic pathway and target.
Microfluidics for disease diagnostics based on surface-enhanced raman scattering detection
Authors: Yu Xiangdong , Park Sohyun , Lee Sungwoon , Joo Sang-Woo , Choo Jaebum
Published: April 2024

This review reports diverse microfluidic systems utilizing surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection for disease diagnosis. Integrating SERS detection technology, providing high-sensitivity detection, and microfluidic technology for manipulating small liquid samples in microdevices has expanded the analytical capabilities previously confined to larger settings. This study explores the principles and uses of various SERS-based microfluidic devices developed over the last two decades. Specifically, we investigate the operational principles of documented SERS-based microfluidic devices, including continuous-flow channels, microarray-embedded microfluidic channels, droplet microfluidic channels, digital droplet channels, and gradient microfluidic channels. We also examine their applications in biomedical diagnostics. In conclusion, we summarize the areas requiring further development to translate these SERS-based microfluidic technologies into practical applications in clinical diagnostics.