bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating mediated public engagement with science on the “science” subreddit: From the participants’ perspective
Authors: Chen Hui , Hara Noriko , McKay Clinton
Published: April 2021

While public engagement with science activities traditionally inhabits physical environments (i.e., museum exhibits), as the Internet becomes more ubiquitous, new types of public engagement with science mediated through information technologies have emerged. Instead of having scientific findings filtered through traditional mediators, scientists have begun to take advantage of social media in order to communicate directly with the general public. This paper focuses on technology mediated public engagement with science in an online environment, specifically the sub-Reddit called “r/science”, on a popular platform, Reddit, in which we investigated the factors contributing to user engagement and perceived effects of science communication from the users’ perspectives. The survey instrument including user engagement scales, perceived effects of science communication, and demographics were distributed among 2000 participants in the r/science Ask Me Anything (AMA) series. We analyzed 146 survey responses using descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regression. The findings indicated that the participants were generally engaged compared to ones in other studies that used the same user engagement scales and perceived positive effects on science communication, except when it came to building trust. Furthermore, we found that time spent on this particular platform appeared to be the most important factor when it came to positive perceived effects of r/science AMAs. This type of mediated public engagement has been insufficiently investigated, most particularly in terms of the examination of participants’ perspectives. This void is addressed in this study. The findings from the study will also be informative to similar platforms that support mediated public engagement with science.
Weed-infecting viruses in a tropical agroecosystem present different threats to crops and evolutionary histories
Authors: Maliano Minor R. , Macedo Mônica A. , Rojas Maria R. , Gilbertson Robert L.
Published: April 2021

In the Caribbean Basin, malvaceous weeds commonly show striking golden/yellow mosaic symptoms. Leaf samples from Malachra sp. and Abutilon sp. plants with these symptoms were collected in Hispaniola from 2014 to 2020. PCR tests with degenerate primers revealed that all samples were infected with a bipartite begomovirus, and sequence analyses showed that Malachra sp. plants were infected with tobacco leaf curl Cuba virus (TbLCuCV), whereas the Abutilon sp. plants were infected with a new bipartite begomovirus, tentatively named Abutilon golden yellow mosaic virus (AbGYMV). Phylogenetic analyses showed that TbLCuCV and AbGYMV are distinct but closely related species, which are most closely related to bipartite begomoviruses infecting weeds in the Caribbean Basin. Infectious cloned DNA-A and DNA-B components were used to fulfilled Koch’s postulates for these diseases of Malachra sp. and Abutilon sp. In host range studies, TbLCuCV also induced severe symptoms in Nicotiana benthamiana, tobacco and common bean plants; whereas AbGYMV induced few or no symptoms in plants of these species. Pseudorecombinants generated with the infectious clones of these viruses were highly infectious and induced severe symptoms in N. benthamiana and Malachra sp., and both viruses coinfected Malachra sp., and possibly facilitating virus evolution via recombination and pseudorecombination. Together, our results suggest that TbLCuCV primarily infects Malachra sp. in the Caribbean Basin, and occasionally spills over to infect and cause disease in crops; whereas AbGYMV is well-adapted to an Abutilon sp. in the Dominican Republic and has not been reported infecting crops.
Association of adverse prenatal exposure burden with child psychopathology in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study
Authors: Roffman Joshua L. , Sipahi Eren D. , Dowling Kevin F. , Hughes Dylan E. , Hopkinson Casey E. , Lee Hang , Eryilmaz Hamdi , Cohen Lee S. , Gilman Jodi , Doyle Alysa E. , Dunn Erin C.
Published: April 2021

Objective

Numerous adverse prenatal exposures have been individually associated with risk for psychiatric illness in the offspring. However, such exposures frequently co-occur, raising questions about their cumulative impact. We evaluated effects of cumulative adverse prenatal exposure burden on psychopathology risk in school-aged children.

Methods

Using baseline surveys from the U.S.-based Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (7,898 non-adopted, unrelated children from 21 sites, age 9–10, and their primary caregivers), we examined 8 retrospectively-reported adverse prenatal exposures in relation to caregiver-reported total and subscale Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) scores. We also assessed cumulative effects of these factors on CBCL total as a continuous measure, as well as on odds of clinically significant psychopathology (CBCL total ≥60), in both the initial set and a separate ABCD sample comprising an additional 696 sibling pairs. Analyses were conducted before and after adjustment for 14 demographic and environmental covariates.

Results

In minimally and fully adjusted models, 6 exposures (unplanned pregnancy; maternal alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco use early in pregnancy; pregnancy complications; and birth complications) independently associated with significant but small increases in CBCL total score. Among these 6, none increased the odds of crossing the threshold for clinically significant symptoms by itself. However, odds of exceeding this threshold became significant with 2 exposures (OR = 1.86, 95% CI 1.47–2.36), and increased linearly with each level of exposure (OR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.31–1.47), up to 3.53-fold for ≥4 exposures versus none. Similar effects were observed in confirmatory analysis among siblings. Within sibling pairs, greater discordance for exposure load associated with greater CBCL total differences, suggesting that results were not confounded by unmeasured family-level effects.

Conclusion

Children exposed to multiple common, adverse prenatal events showed dose-dependent increases in broad, clinically significant psychopathology at age 9–10. Fully prospective studies are needed to confirm and elaborate upon this pattern.
Sodium butyrate modulates chicken macrophage proteins essential for Salmonella Enteritidis invasion
Authors: Gupta Anamika , Bansal Mohit , Liyanage Rohana , Upadhyay Abhinav , Rath Narayan , Donoghue Annie , Sun Xiaolun
Published: April 2021

Salmonella Enteritidis is an intracellular foodborne pathogen that has developed multiple mechanisms to alter poultry intestinal physiology and infect the gut. Short chain fatty acid butyrate is derived from microbiota metabolic activities, and it maintains gut homeostasis. There is limited understanding on the interaction between S. Enteritidis infection, butyrate, and host intestinal response. To fill this knowledge gap, chicken macrophages (also known as HTC cells) were infected with S. Enteritidis, treated with sodium butyrate, and proteomic analysis was performed. A growth curve assay was conducted to determine sub-inhibitory concentration (SIC, concentration that do not affect bacterial growth compared to control) of sodium butyrate against S. Enteritidis. HTC cells were infected with S. Enteritidis in the presence and absence of SIC of sodium butyrate. The proteins were extracted and analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. Our results showed that the SIC was 45 mM. Notably, S. Enteritidis-infected HTC cells upregulated macrophage proteins involved in ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation such as ATP synthase subunit alpha (ATP5A1), ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial (ATP5PD) and cellular apoptosis such as Cytochrome-c (CYC). Furthermore, sodium butyrate influenced S. Enteritidis-infected HTC cells by reducing the expression of macrophage proteins mediating actin cytoskeletal rearrangements such as WD repeat-containing protein-1 (WDR1), Alpha actinin-1 (ACTN1), Vinculin (VCL) and Protein disulfide isomerase (P4HB) and intracellular S. Enteritidis growth and replication such as V-type proton ATPase catalytic subunit A (ATPV1A). Interestingly, sodium butyrate increased the expression of infected HTC cell protein involving in bacterial killing such as Vimentin (VIM). In conclusion, sodium butyrate modulates the expression of HTC cell proteins essential for S. Enteritidis invasion.
Aerosol-generating behaviours in speech pathology clinical practice: A systematic literature review
Authors: Chacon Antonia Margarita , Nguyen Duy Duong , McCabe Patricia , Madill Catherine
Published: April 2021

Objective

To evaluate the evidence of aerosol generation across tasks involved in voice and speech assessment and intervention, to inform better management and to reduce transmission risk of such diseases as COVID-19 in healthcare settings and the wider community.

Design

Systematic literature review.

Data sources and eligibility

Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, PubMed Central and grey literature through ProQuest, The Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, COVID-Evidence and speech pathology national bodies were searched up until August 13th, 2020 for articles examining the aerosol-generating activities in clinical voice and speech assessment and intervention within speech pathology.

Results

Of the 8288 results found, 39 studies were included for data extraction and analysis. Included articles were classified into one of three categories: research studies, review articles or clinical guidelines. Data extraction followed appropriate protocols depending on the classification of each article (e.g. PRISMA for review articles). Articles were assessed for risk of bias and certainty of evidence using the GRADE system. Six behaviours were identified as aerosol generating. These were classified into three categories: vegetative acts (coughing, breathing), verbal communication activities of daily living (speaking, loud voicing), and performance-based tasks (singing, sustained phonation). Certainty of evidence ranged from very low to moderate with variation in research design and variables.

Conclusions

This body of literature helped to both identify and categorise the aerosol-generating behaviours involved in speech pathology clinical practice and confirm the low level of evidence throughout the speech pathology literature pertaining to aerosol generation. As many aerosol-generating behaviours are common human behaviours, these findings can be applied across healthcare and community settings.

Systematic review registration

Registration number CRD42020186902 with PROSPERO International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews.
Migration of ions near charged surface
Authors: Kim Kiwoong
Published: April 2021

Detailed understanding of ionic behavior in the region near a charged surface is important for the enhancement of water filtration mechanisms. In this study, a highly charged membrane is hypothesized to form an ion depletion zone (IDZ) without an external power supply. The formation of IDZ was experimentally investigated using membranes with varying surface zeta potential (SZP) values to confirm the hypothesis. The surface zeta potential of the charged membrane was controlled by layer-by-layer deposition method. Our results indicate that indicated that the fluorescent intensity near the charged surface becomes weaker with an increased absolute magnitude of SZP. Ionic surfactants enhance the formation of IDZ by increasing SZP magnitude, and by forming a secondary filtration layer. These findings provide information that is helpful in understanding the ionic behavior near the highly charged surface. In addition, the information provided by the findings would be helpful in fabricating a small-scale water filtration device.
Marmoset angiography just by percutaneous puncture of the caudal ventral artery
Authors: Ohta Hiroki , Komatsu Teppei , Muta Kanako , Koizumi Makoto , Iguchi Yasuyuki , Okano Hirotaka James
Published: April 2021

Surgery in humans is continuously evolving and promoted minimally invasive treatment. On the other hand, despite the importance of the 3Rs principles for experimental animals is well documented, no reports describe specific methodologies for implementing "refinement" in practice. Here, we describe a new technique, the "Ohta Method" for caudal arthrocentesis in the pursuit of the 3Rs for animal experiments and the development of innovative methods for investigating systemic organ arteries through minimally invasive procedures. This procedure requires only a percutaneous puncture of the caudal artery without any injury to the limb or body trunk. In addition, it does not cut down the artery, making hemostasis easier and recovering arterial damage easier. We will show multiple organ artery angiographies in marmoset for the first time in the world. The principle described in this paper could also be applied to many other small animals, such as rats. Moreover, using this method, multiple doses of the drug or cells can be administered to the target organ at the time of therapeutic intervention, thereby enabling the establishment of more sophisticated and complex therapeutic intervention studies as translational research.
Factors associated with the research efficiency of clinical specialties in a research-oriented hospital in China
Authors: Li Yin , Li Jiachang , Li Baihong , Cao Yue , Liu Menghan , Zhang Longhao , Zeng Zhi
Published: April 2021

Research-oriented hospitals are responsible for medical services tasks, medical education, and scientific research, playing an important role in medical research and application. The research efficiency of a clinical specialty is influenced by factors such as the characteristics of the specialty, the organizational atmosphere, and the clinical director’s leadership. The present study aimed to describe the research efficiency of clinical specialties, explore the factors influencing it, and clarify the argument of co-evolution theory regarding the collaborative development of medical services, education, and research. Logistic regression and multiple linear regression were adopted to estimate the correlation between influencing factors and scientific research efficiency. Hospital H, which is representative of research hospitals in China, was taken as an example. Taking three efficiency values—comprehensive technical efficiency (CTE), pure technical efficiency (PTE), and scale efficiency (SE)—as dependent variables, the independent variables affecting research productivity were statistically analyzed. This study also examined the scientific research efficiency of 41 specialties between 2013 and 2017, and found that the independent variables affected CTE, PTE, and SE to various degrees. Collaborative innovation in medical education and research must be based on clinical research; how to balance medical and teaching quality, and research efficiency requires further discussion. While young people play a major role on the research team because of their creativity and initiatives, which improve CTE and PTE, high-level researchers with better research and leadership abilities lead to the rational allocation and effective utilization of resources, thus improving SE. In 2013–2017, discipline construction focused on scale expansion, resulting in the decline of SE in China. Therefore, this study suggests further improvements for the efficiency of clinical specialties in research hospitals.
Micro-biopsy for detection of gene expression changes in ischemic swine myocardium: A pilot study
Authors: Chireh Arvin , Grankvist Rikard , Sandell Mikael , Mukarram Abdul Kadir , Arnberg Fabian , Lundberg Johan , Daub Carsten O. , Holmin Staffan
Published: April 2021

Micro-endomyocardial biopsy (micro-EMB) is a novel catheter-based biopsy technique, aiming to increase flexibility and safety compared to conventional EMB. The technique was developed and evaluated in healthy swine. Therefore, the ability to detect disease related tissue changes could not be evaluated. The aim of the present pilot study was to investigate the ability to detect disease related gene expression changes using micro-EMB. Myocardial infarction was induced in three swine by coronary artery balloon occlusion. Micro-EMB samples (n = 164) were collected before, during, and after occlusion. RNA-sequencing was performed on 85 samples, and 53 of these were selected for bioinformatic analysis. A large number of responding genes was detected from the infarcted area (n = 1911). The early responding genes (n = 1268) were mostly related to apoptosis and inflammation. There were fewer responding genes two days after infarction (n = 6), which were related to extra-cellular matrix changes, and none after 14 days. In contrast to the infarcted area, samples harvested from a non-infarcted myocardial region showed considerably fewer regulated genes (n = 33). Deconvolution analysis, to estimate the proportion of different cell types, revealed a higher proportion of fibroblasts and a reduced proportion of cardiomyocytes two days after occlusion compared to baseline (p < 0.02 and p < 0.01, respectively. S5 File). In conclusion, this pilot study demonstrates the capabilities of micro-EMB to detect local gene expression responses at an early stage after ischemia, but not at later timepoints.
Employment preferences of healthcare workers in South Africa: Findings from a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Mumbauer Alexandra , Strauss Michael , George Gavin , Ngwepe Phuti , Bezuidenhout Charl , de Vos Lindsey , Medina-Marino Andrew
Published: April 2021

There is a maldistribution of human resources for health globally, with many Lower- and Middle-Income Countries experiencing significant shortages. We examined healthcare workers’ job preferences in South Africa to identify factors which potentially influence employment decisions. A discrete choice experiment was conducted among 855 South African healthcare workers critical to its national HIV testing and treatment programs. Job characteristics included workload, workplace culture, availability of equipment, training opportunities, sector and facility type, location, salary and benefits. Main effects analysis was conducted using fixed effects logistic regression. Interaction effects identified divergence in preferences. Heavy workload (OR = 0.78; 95% C.I. 0.74–0.83), poor workplace culture (odds ratio 0.66; 95% C.I. 0.62–0.69), insufficient availability of equipment (OR = 0.67; 95% C.I. 0.63–0.70) and infrequent training opportunities (OR = 0.75; 95% C.I. 0.71–0.80) had large, significant effects on worker preferences. An increase in salary of 20% (OR = 1.29; 95% C.I. 1.16–1.44) had a positive effect on preferences, while a salary decrease of 20% (OR = 0.55; 95% C.I. 0.49–0.60) had a strong negative effect. Benefits packages had large positive effects on preferences: respondents were twice as likely to choose a job that included medical aid, pension and housing contributions worth 40% of salary (OR = 2.06; 95% C.I. 1.87–2.26), holding all else constant. Although salary was important across all cadres, benefits packages had larger effects on job preferences than equivalent salary increases. Improving working conditions is critical to attracting and retaining appropriate health cadres responsible for the country’s HIV services, especially in the public sector and underserved, often rural, communities. Crucially, our evidence suggests that factors amenable to improvement such as workplace conditions and remuneration packages have a greater influence on healthcare workers employment decisions than employment sector or location.
Quality of life among pregnant women with urinary incontinence: A cross-sectional study in a Malaysian primary care clinic
Authors: Jaffar Aida , Mohd-Sidik Sherina , Abd Manaf Rosliza , Foo Chai Nien , Gan Quan Fu , Saad Hamimah
Published: April 2021

Background

Pregnant women have an increased risk of urinary incontinence (UI), affecting their quality of life (QoL). This study aims to determine UI and its relationship with QoL among incontinent pregnant women.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study in a semi-urban primary care clinic in Selangor, Malaysia, among pregnant women aged 18 years old and above. The validated study instruments consisted of questions on socio-demography, the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-UI Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF) to determine UI and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Quality of Life Module (ICIQ-LUTSQoL) to assess their QoL. A generalised linear model was used to determine the association between the continent and incontinent pregnant women with QoL.

Results

Of the approached 610 respondents, 440 consented to participate in the study, resulting in a response rate of 72.1%. The mean age was 29.8 years old (SD 4.69) with 82.2% (n = 148) having stress UI. Significant independent factors related to the decreased QoL were mid to late trimester (OR 3.06, 95% CI 1.48–6.32), stress UI, (OR 6.94, 95%CI 4.00–12.04) and urge UI (OR3.87, 95%CI 0.48–31.28). Non-Malay improved QoL (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.16–0.52).

Conclusions

All types of UI significantly affecting pregnant women’s QoL. This information is useful in enhancing antenatal management at the primary care level, whereby they should be screened for UI and provided with effective early intervention to improve their QoL.
Incidence and risk of venous thromboembolism according to primary treatment in women with ovarian cancer: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yuk Jin-Sung , Lee Banghyun , Kim Kidong , Kim Myoung Hwan , Seo Yong-Soo , Hwang Sung Ook , Yoon Sang-Hee , Kim Yong Beom
Published: April 2021

Objective

This study aimed to investigate incidence and risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) according to primary treatment in women with ovarian cancer.

Methods

We selected 26,863 women newly diagnosed with ovarian cancer between 2009 and 2018 from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service databases. During the total follow-up period and the first six months after initiation of primary treatments, incidence and risk of VTE were evaluated according to primary treatment as no treatment, surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy.

Results

The mean follow-up period was 1285.5±6 days. The VTE incidence was highest in women who underwent chemotherapy (306 per 10,000 women). Among women who underwent surgery, VTE was highest in surgery with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (536 per 10,000 women), followed by surgery with adjuvant chemotherapy (360 per 10,000 women) and surgery alone (132 per 10,000 women). During the first 12 months, monthly incidence of VTE decreased. Compared with women with no treatment, risk of VTE significantly increased in women undergoing chemotherapy (HR 1.297; 95% CI, 1.08–1.557; P = 0.005) during the total follow-up period and decreased in women undergoing surgery (HR 0.557; 95% CI, 0.401–0.775; P<0.001) and radiotherapy (HR 0.289; 95% CI, 0.119–0.701; P = 0.006) during the first six months. Among women who underwent surgery, VTE risk significantly increased in surgery with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (HR 4.848; 95% CI, 1.86–12.632; P = 0.001) followed by surgery with adjuvant chemotherapy (HR 2.807; 95% CI, 1.757–4.485; P<0.001) compared with surgery alone during the total follow-up period and in surgery with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (HR 4.223; 95% CI, 1.37–13.022; P = 0.012) during the first six months.

Conclusions

In this large Korean cohort study, incidence and risk of VTE were highest in women with ovarian cancer who underwent chemotherapy and surgery with neoadjuvant chemotherapy as a primary cancer treatment. Incidence of VTE decreased over time.
A dynamic Bayesian network model for predicting organ failure associations without predefining outcomes
Authors: De Blasi Roberto Alberto , Campagna Giuseppe , Finazzi Stefano
Published: April 2021

Critical care medicine has been a field for Bayesian networks (BNs) application for investigating relationships among failing organs. Criticisms have been raised on using mortality as the only outcome to determine the treatment efficacy. We aimed to develop a dynamic BN model for detecting interrelationships among failing organs and their progression, not predefining outcomes and omitting hierarchization of organ interactions. We collected data from 850 critically ill patients from the national database used in many intensive care units. We considered as nodes the organ failure assessed by a score as recorded daily. We tested several possible DBNs and used the best bootstrapping results for calculating the strength of arcs and directions. The network structure was learned using a hill climbing method. The parameters of the local distributions were fitted with a maximum of the likelihood algorithm. The network that best satisfied the accuracy requirements included 15 nodes, corresponding to 5 variables measured at three times: ICU admission, second and seventh day of ICU stay. From our findings some organ associations had probabilities higher than 50% to arise at ICU admittance or in the following days persisting over time. Our study provided a network model predicting organ failure associations and their evolution over time. This approach has the potential advantage of detecting and comparing the effects of treatments on organ function.
Species-specific thermal classification schemes can improve climate related marine resource decisions
Authors: Freedman R. , Brown J. A. , Caldow C. , Caselle J. E.
Published: April 2021

Global climate change increasingly contributes to large changes in ecosystem structure. Timely management of rapidly changing marine ecosystems must be matched with methods to rapidly quantify and assess climate driven impacts to ecological communities. Here we create a species-specific, classification system for fish thermal affinities, using three quantifiable datasets and expert opinion. Multiple sources of information limit potential data bias and avoid misclassification. Using a temperate kelp forest fish community in California, USA as a test case for this new methodology, we found the majority of species had high classification agreement across all four data sources (n = 78) but also a number of low agreement species (2 sources disagree from the others, n = 47). For species with low agreement, use of just one dataset to classify species, as is commonly done, would lead to high risk of misclassification. Differences in species classification between individual datasets and our composite classification were apparent. Applying different thermal classifications, lead to different conclusions when quantifying ‘warm’ and ‘cool’ species density responses to a marine heatwave. Managers can use this classification approach as a tool to generate accurate, timely and simple information for resource management.
Spatial variation characteristics of vegetation phenology and its influencing factors in the subtropical monsoon climate region of southern China
Authors: Peng Huanhua , Xia Haonan , Chen Hao , Zhi Panding , Xu Zhonglin
Published: April 2021

Understanding the response mechanism of ecosystems to climate change and human disturbance can be improved by analyzing the spatial patterns of vegetation phenology and its influencing factors. Because the diverse phenological patterns are impacted by cloud cover contamination issues in the satellite observations, there are few remote sensing phenological research data in subtropical monsoon climate regions. To better understand the horizontal and vertical changes of vegetation phenology in these regions and how it may be affected by climatic factors and topographical features, we first extracted vegetation phenological information (such as start of growth season (SOS), end of growth season (EOS) and length of growth season (LEN)) from a reconstructed MODIS EVI time-series data. We then used geographic detectors to identify the influencing factors of phenology in different elevation zoning areas. We have found that in the Xiangjiang River Basin: 1) gradual changes in the longitudinal or latitudinal gradient of vegetation phenology were not obvious. Instead of horizontal changes, the variation pattern of phenology was similar to the striped river network of the Xiangjiang River. Earlier SOS mainly appeared in the areas far away from the river; later SOS appeared in the midstream and downstream reaches.2) Elevation played an important role in the regional differentiation of phenology. Boundaries at elevations of 320 m and 520 m distinctly separated the region into plain, hilly, and mountain vegetation phenological characteristics. 3) The impacts of climatic factors were quite different in the three vertical zoning areas. Precipitation was the most crucial factor affecting SOS both in plain and mountain areas. There was no significant factor affecting EOS in the plain area, but temperature had an essential effect on EOS in the mountain area. The hilly areas had a concentrated growth period with no significant factors affecting phenology. These findings highlight the importance of elevation in phenology at a watershed scale, enhance our understanding of the impact of climate changes on subtropical ecosystems, and provide a reference for further land-use change monitoring.
Image, power and peripheries: Current perspectives on Latin American studies
Authors: Vásquez R Miguel E.
Published: April 2021

This is an introduction to the Special Issue of Empedocles European Journal for the Philosophy of Communication focused on Latin American studies. The articles collected here were meticulously selected in light of previous discussions and conferences about Latin America that took place over the past year. The contributors transversally analyse several issues in current Latin American studies, particularly those related to philosophy, art, literature and visual studies. They propose alternative readings of Latin America taking into account its singularity and the way in which traditional categories such as representation, power, modernity or gender, among others, are implicitly and explicitly used and criticized.
Community Music Wales: Training musicians for the future
Authors: Jenkins Hannah
Published: April 2021

This article focuses on the development of the charity Community Music Wales (CMW), which grew from a small collective of musicians in Cardiff in the 1980s to a national organization. Although comparisons can be drawn to other UK-based organizations such as Making Music UK, CMW is unique in its broad range of activities. The article outlines key milestones in the development of CMW throughout its 28 years of operation, including the introduction of its first music mentoring scheme, its community record label and its Welsh language label – Ciwdod. The article also highlights the development of community work that engages with key themes such as mental health and the environment. By engaging with company archives, the article considers quantitative data, such as the numbers of musicians who have attended training. Most importantly, it outlines how tutor training has upskilled the workforce and supported the creative economy of Wales.
Makanan dan Kebiasaan Makan Siput Gonggong (Laevistrombus turturella) di Perairan Pulau Penyengat Kota Tanjungpinang
Authors: Nezaputri Nur Afni , Kurniawan Dedy , Suryanti Ani , Muzahar Muzahar , Susiana Susiana
Published: April 2021

Food and Feeding Habits of Dog Conch (Laevistrombus turturella) on Penyengat Island, Tanjungpinang. Dog conch (Laevistrombus turturella) in Tanjungpinang, including commodities of high economic value. The purpose of this study was determine the ratio of the length of gut and the total body length, type of food and feeding habits of dog conch on the Penyengat Island, Tanjungpinang, Riau Islands. The study was conducted from May to November 2019. The sampling location was determined based on the purposive sampling method. The station were divided into 3 stations based on 1) the catch zone of the dog conch, 2) the characteristics of the dog conch habitat and 3) activities along the coast. Analysis of the data were provided the ratio of the length of gut and the total body length, index of preponderance, Viscero Somatic Index (VSI), total organic matter and index of electivity. The results showed that the ratio of the length of gut and the total body length of the dog conch were 1,53; 1,60; 1,66 and classified as an omnivore based on the ratio of the length of gut and the total body length.  Types of dog conch food that have been found were detritus and microalgae class Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, and Crustaceans.  The feeding habits of dog conch were detritus with the index of preponderance of 65-70% as the main food.  VSI values were ranged from 24,27 to 36,35%.  Value Index of electivity were ranged from 0,99-1% or close to 1.
Keanekaragaman Makroalga di Perairan Teluk Kendari dan Sekitarnya, Sulawesi Tenggara
Authors: Handayani Tri
Published: April 2021

Macroalgae Diversity in Kendari Bay Waters and Surroundings, Southeast Sulawesi. Human activities around Kendari Bay cause environmental changes. It has an impact on fisheries and marine resources. Macroalgae was also affected by environmental changes, so management of macroalgae was required. The diversity of macroalgae can be used as baseline data for coastal area management. The aims of the study were to find out the diversity of macroalgae, biological indices of macroalgae and the factors that influence the diversity and abundance of macroalgae in Kendari Bay and surroundings. The study was conducted in September 2016, in eight locations, namely Lara Island, Lalow Aru, Tanjung Tiram, Baungkutoko, Watuw Atu, Bokori Island, Tapulaga, and Tenunggeu. Macroalgae samples were collected by the quadratic transect method. The data analyzed were Bray-Curtis similarity, diversity, richness, evenness, and dominance index. The correlation between water quality and abundance or diversity of macroalgae was analyzed by multiple regression analysis. A total of 38 species of macroalgae were identified consisting of three Phyllum: 15 species of Chlorophyta, 10 species of Ochrophyta, and 13 species of Rhodophyta. Tanjung Tiram and Lalow Aru have the highest similarity index of 0.93. Macroalgae in Kendari Bay have the low to moderate category of species diversity, low category of species richness, the medium to high category of species evenness, and the low to moderate category of species dominance. There was a gradient pattern of macroalgae diversity in Kendari Bay and surroundings. Seagrass cover and water quality have more influence on macroalgae diversity than macroalgae abundance in Kendari Bay and surroundings.
Desafios para a prática docente no ambiente hospitalar: formação inicial em contexto
Authors: Silva Milene Bartolomei , Cruz Aline Santa , Almeida Ordália Alves
Published: April 2021

Trata-se de pesquisa realizada sobre atendimento pedagógico em Hospital Universitário de Campo Grande/MS, a qualidade da ação profissional dos que trabalhar nesse ambientes. Questionamos se o curso de Pedagogia é suficiente para a atuação no Ambiente Hospitalar e se os profissionais estão qualificados para desenvolver atividades pedagógicas. Objetivou-se refletir sobre o papel, as práticas pedagógicas e os desafios do professor para realizar o atendimento pedagógico no Ambiente Hospitalar e contribuir para a ampliação de reflexões sobre a atividade na Classe Hospitalar. A metodologia sustentou-se nas contribuições teóricas de Ceccim (1999), Fonseca (1999 e 2015), Matos (2014), entre outros, nas observações e entrevista semiestruturada com profissionais que atuam na área. O trabalho docente no contexto hospitalar é fundamental para as crianças hospitalizadas, oportunizando-lhes a continuidade da escolarização. Concluímos que a formação inicial é insuficiente para a atuação na classe hospitalar, levando os profissionais a buscarem cursos de capacitação e especializações.
Educação Especial: Formação de professores em matemática no contexto das classes hospitalares em Goiás
Authors: Teixeira Ricardo Antonio Gonçalves , Barbosa Ivone Garcia , Teixeira Uyara Soares Cavalcanti
Published: April 2021

Este artigo elege como objetivo analisar o contexto das classes hospitalares em Goiás e o processo de formação de professores em matemática atuantes no Núcleo de Atendimento Educacional Hospitalar de Goiás (NAEH). O estudo se caracteriza de natureza exploratória, de base qualitativa tendo a pesquisa-ação, em uma perspectiva integral e sistêmica, como método. Apresenta as bases documentais que orientam o contexto histórico, as políticas, a organização e funcionamento dos atendimentos no NAEH. A formação de professores de classe hospitalar que ensinam matemática, proposta no âmbito da pesquisa, foi construída de forma coletiva e orientada em conformidade com as demandas levantadas em campo. O curso, com carga-horária de 120 horas, trouxe, segundo avaliação dos participantes, importantes contribuições para o trabalho pedagógico, além de reflexões sobre a qualidade da atuação docente nesse espaço de inclusão.
Práticas docente e o uso da tecnologia na Classe Hospitalar Semear
Authors: Schwingel Paulo Adriano , Pedrosa Emerson Marinho , Pedrosa Cristiane Rose de Lima
Published: April 2021

Este artigo aborda a prática docente e o uso da tecnologia no cotidiano da Classe Hospitalar Semear, ancorado numa investigação que objetivou compreender os processos formativos e a inclusão da tecnologia nesse ambiente. A presente pesquisa é um estudo de caso de natureza qualitativa, em que se considerou a observação dos espaços-tempos coletivos dos docentes, entrevistas e análises de documentos como fonte de dados. A mediação pedagógica com apoio das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs) na Semear, permitiu perceber a individualidade dos sujeitos envolvidos, respeitando os aspectos emocionais e afetivos, geradores de desenvolvimento cognitivo destes pacientes/estudantes, a partir de uma abordagem sistémica e multidimensional valorizando as relações do processo educativo. O uso da tecnologia em confluência com mediação pedagógica adequada a essa modalidade de ensino possibilita a construção do conhecimento de forma lúdica, prazerosa e divertida, associada às dinâmicas de socialização que são indispensáveis a esse ambiente pedagógico.
Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis, Absenteísmo Escolar e Boas Práticas em Pedagogia Hospitalar
Authors: Albertoni Léa Chuster
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar a relação entre as Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis e o processo de escolarização sob a ótica da multiplicidade de fatores que compõem esse tema. As doenças crônicas e as de longa duração constituem uma das vertentes preocupantes na vida de uma parcela bastante significativa de crianças e adolescentes. Portanto, é necessário aproximar educação e saúde, compreender as necessidades advindas das situações crônicas física e mental, identificar as condições de risco e estimular a permanência e a continuidade do processo de desenvolvimento e de escolarização desses alunos. A permanência e a (re)integração escolar dessa população serão aqui abordadas segundo o conceito de Boas Práticas em Pedagogia Hospitalar. Salienta-se, igualmente, neste artigo a importância da formação docente como elemento essencial para o redimensionamento das ações pedagógicas e educacionais na busca de melhores condições de vida dos alunos que vivenciam situações de enfermidade crônica.
Efektivitas Pengelolaan Taman Wisata Alam (TWA) Seblat di Provinsi Bengkulu dan Sejarah Status Fungsi Kawasannya
Authors: Senoaji Gunggung , Anwar Guswarni , Suharto Edi
Published: April 2021

Taman Wisata Alam (TWA) Seblat di Provinsi Bengkulu, Indonesia, dengan luas 7.732,80 ha, merupakan kawasan hutan konservasi yang tujuan utamanya dimanfaatkan untuk kepentingan pariwisata alam dan rekreasi. Ekosistem hutan tropis dataran rendah dengan keanekaragaman hayati didalamnya dan adanya pusat latihan gajah (PLG) merupakan obyek daya tarik wisata kawasan TWA ini. Sebelum ditunjuk sebagai TWA kawasan ini merupakan hutan produksi.  Adaya habitat gajah dan satwa liar lainnya di dalamnya menjadikan alasan kawasan ini berubah fungsi menjadi hutan konservasi TWA. Pengelola hutan konservasi TWA Seblat adalah Balai Kosevasi Sumberdaya Alam Bengkulu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi penggunaan lahan saat ini, sejarah status fungsi hutannya dan tingkat efektivitas pengelolaan TWA Seblat.  Kondisi penggunaan lahan ditentukan dengan metode pemetaan dan survey lapangan. Pendekatan sejarah digunakan untuk mengetahui dinamika perubahan status fungsi kawasan hutannya, sedangkan efektivitas pengelolaan ditentukan dengan metode METT (Management Effektiviness Tracking Tools).  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan lahan di kawasan Taman Wisata Alam Seblat yang berupa hutan luasnya sekitar 5.015 ha (64,9%), semak belukar sekitar 2.142 ha (27,7%), pertanian lahan kering campur sekitar 381 ha (4,9%), perkebunan sekitar 59,1 ha (0,8%), tanah kosong sekitar 109 ha (1,4%) dan sawah sekitar 6 ha (0,1%). Sebelum tahun 1995. status fungsi kawasan hutan TWA Seblat ini adalah  hutan produksi, pada tahun 1995 berubah menjadi hutan produksi tujuan khusus Pusat Latihan Gajah (PLG), dan sejak tahun 2011 berubah menjadi hutan konservasi TWA.  Tingkat effektivitas pengelolaan TWA Seblat termasuk dalam kategori efektif, dengan nilai 71%.  Untuk mengoptimalkan fungsi wisata alam dan rekreasi diperlukan penambahan fasilitas dasar, fasilitas wisata, dan rencana pengelolaan jangka pendek.
Partisipasi Politik dan Pemilih Muda: Konteks Pilgub Jateng 2018 dan Pilkada 2019 di Kabupaten Temanggung
Authors: Fitriyah Fitriyah , Alfirdaus Laila Kholid , Manar Dzunuwanus Ghulam
Published: April 2021

Tulisan ini mengkaji kecenderungan partisipasi pemilih pemula di Jawa Tengah menjelang Pemilihan Gubernur 2018, dengan lokasi penelitian di Kabupaten Temanggung. Sebagaimana diketahui, partisipasi politik dalam pemilu sering dikaitkan dengan persentase kehadiran pemilih dalam tempat pemungutan suara (TPS). Tingkat partisipasi politik ini seringkali dihubungkan dengan legitimasi hasil pemilu, yakni seberapa besar dukungan suara yang didapat oleh pemenang pemilu, dimana makin tinggi tingkat partisipasi maka hasil pemilu dianggap semakin legitimatif. Pemilih muda dan pemilih pemula dalam kajian partisipasi politik saat ini semakin mendapatkan perhatian dari kalangan ilmuan politik di Indonesia. Pertanyaannya kemudian, bagaimana dinamikanya di lapangan, dan bagaimana para pemilih muda memiliki persepsi tentang kandidat dan pemilu menarik untuk ditelisik lebih jauh. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemilih muda skeptis terhadap politik, pemilu dan kandidat, walaupun mereka bukan warga negara yang pesimis. Mereka tetap anti-hoaks, meskipun juga ada sebagian yang menoleransi politik uang. Kelompok muda ini juga terbuka dengan berbagai program pendidikan politik dan masih memiliki harapan terhadap hasil pemilu yang transformatif.
Pro dan Kontra Pancasila: Pandangan Politik Anak Muda Muslim di Solo
Authors: Anwar Mokhamad Zainal , Sunesti Yuyun , Gusmian Islah
Published: April 2021

Artikel ini mendiskusikan pandangan anak muda muslim di Solo raya terhadap relasi Islam dan Pancasila pasca reformasi. Dengan memakai metode kualitatif, artikel ini menemukan bahwa ada keragaman pandangan anak muda muslim di Solo raya terhadap relasi Islam dan Pancasila mulai dari yang bersikap tegas, mengambang, hingga yang cenderung bersikap menolak. Studi ini menemukan bahwa ada anak muda muslim yang menganggap bahwa Islam merupakan sumber dan inspirasi utama terhadap proses perumusan Pancasila dan menjiwai sila-sila dalam Pancasila. Ada pula pandangan yang mengatakan bahwa Pancasila adalah ideologi yang didalamya terdapat berbagai ideologi mulai Islam, demokrasi hingga sosialisme. Selain dua pandangan tersebut, ada pula pandangan yang memahami bahwa tidak ada kewajiban bagi seorang muslim untuk mematuhi Pancasila. Artikel ini mengajukan argumentasi bahwa beragamnya pandangan anak muda muslim pasca reformasi terhadap Pancasila dan hubungannya dengan Islam dipengaruhi oleh keterlibatan dalam organisasi dan menurunnya perbincangan tentang tentang ideologi dan dasar negara. Artikel ini memperkaya kajian tentang anak muda dan ideologi negara pasca reformasi.
Keeping Distance from Practical Politics: A Critical Analysis of the Muhammadiyah Political Movement from the Catholic Perspective
Authors: Tridiatno Yoachim Agus
Published: April 2021

The Muhammadiyah's stance that tends to keep distance from practical politics in line with the ideals of the founder are dynamic and crucial. The tense was very strong between those willing to be faithful to the mission and those wishing to indulge into practical politics. During this period, the elites maneuvered the political moves numerous times until its centennial years. These experiences act as lessons learned from other organizations in Indonesia. The research aims to determine the critical reflection on the political moves of Muhammadiyah from the Catholic perspective. It uses the Catholic Social Teachings as a reflective tool to determine alternative insights on Muhammadiyah.
Maybe It's Us: Imagining Organisational Learning Design
Authors: Thorneycroft Sarah
Published: April 2021

Higher education is in crisis mode, and as organisations we need to find new ways to exist. The traditional entities tasked with change in the sector have had limited impact, however, and it may be time to explore new catalysts for organisational change. This short narrative paper describes one such potential catalyst, the concept of organisational learning design – a new practice domain that harnesses the capabilities and affordances of learning design and evolves them beyond technology into organisational learning and organisational culture practices to create a high-leverage change agent.
The Decline of Substance over Form in Accounting
Authors: Fischer Dov , Ellman Ortal , Schochet Sholom
Published: April 2021

“Substance over form” is a traditional accounting maxim that has also influenced legal thinking and has its roots in classical philosophy. “Substance over form” states that accountants do not record transactions based on the outward form of the transaction but discern its economic substance and report accordingly. Nevertheless, “substance over form” has been deemphasized by the FASB’s conceptual framework in recent decades, to the point that an internal debate now rages over whether accountants and auditors have a right and responsibility to put substance over form. FASB must therefore make its position clear on where it stands in this debate.
Synthesis, properties, and activity of MoVTeNbO catalysts modified by zirconia-pillared clays in oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane
Authors: Shorayeva Kamshat Abithanovna , Massalimova Bakytgul Kabykenovna , Bespalko Yulia Nikolaevna , Kovalev Evgenii Pavlovich , Ishchenko Arcady Vladimirovich , Sadykov Vladislav Aleksandrovich
Published: April 2021

Composites comprising MoVTeNbO mixed oxide and zirconia-pillared montmorillonite clays (PilCs) were prepared. XRD and TEM with EDX studies confirmed the preservation of M1 MoVTeNbO phase in these composites responsible for high activity and selectivity in ethane oxidative dehydrogenation into ethylene. For composites with PilC content of 10 wt%, the best ethylene yield exceeding that of bulk MoVTeNbO oxide was demonstrated for clays with zirconia pillars doped with Ce and Al possessing the highest specific surface area. This is explained by optimized chemical interaction of these clays with MoVTeNbO mixed oxide improving its bulk oxygen mobility and reactivity by structure disordering while blocking surface sites responsible for combustion due to the stabilization of the reactive terminal oxygen species.