bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diario lessicale di una pandemia – dimensione contrastiva descrittiva nell’ambito italo-polacco
Authors: Szpingier Beata Katarzyna
Published: August 2022

Considering the fact that languages are defined by users and remains in constant evolution, the main goal of this paper is to focus on how to reflect the contemporary situation through the terms relating to the period of crisis due to the coronavirus pandemic. The descriptive contrastive dimension of the analysis (ACD) is proposed with reference to the Italian-Polish context and with regard to the different language solutions (semantic, semiotic and structural) such as: resemantization, types of loanwords (adapted and not adapted, semantic casts and structural casts), medical technicalities, vocabulary of politicians and others government institutions. Referring to some theories, implemented in today’s circumstances, such as the linguistic relativism of Benjamin Lee Whorf (1950 : 52-55) and the observations of Ludwig Wittgenstein (1953), current article current article also reflects the application of Aristotle’s considerations concretized in Rhetoric (330 BCE).
Investigating the Health Impacts of Plant-based Milk Ingredients: Additives and Oxalate
Authors: AbuKhader Majed , Salti Salha Al , Lawatia Amal Al
Published: August 2022

Background: Plant-based milk alternatives have become increasingly popular over the years and numerous commercial products are already available. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of additives in plant-based milk alternatives. In addition, the percentage of contribution of soymilk and almond milk towards the Recommended Daily (RDI) Intake of oxalate was also estimated. Methods: The ingredient labels in 81 plant-based milk alternatives were used to identify the type and frequency of use of additives. Moreover, the mean plant material content was also extracted from the ingredient labels and was used to estimate the percentage of contribution of plant-based milks (for soymilk and almond milk) towards the RDI of oxalate. Result: More than half of 81 plant-based milk alternatives contain additives among which 43 products (53.1%) contain thickening agents and 22 products (27.2%) contain emulsifiers. Additives were found more in soymilk (73.9%) followed by almond milk (60%). The percentage contribution of soymilk towards the RDI of oxalate was estimated to be higher than that for almond milk which was statistically significant (p less than 0.004). The outcome is valuable to the consumer as well as to the nutritionist to avoid excess consumption and exposure to additives and oxalate.
Państewko Gabriele d’Annunzio — ustrój Włoskiej Regencji Carnaro
Authors: Rakowski Maciej
Published: August 2022

The subject of the study is the constitutional regime of the independent city of Fiume during the authoritarian rule of Gabriele D’Annunzio (September 1919 — December 1920). His power was based not on legal norms, but on the will of the commander known as the prophet (vate) or the leader (duce), supported by the strength of his army. Nevertheless, in September 1920, D’Annunzio proclaimed the Charter of Kvarner — the constitution of the small state, which never came into force. The author analyzes its provisions using the formal-dogmatic approach, pointing to the modernity and originality of its regulations: gender equality, guarantees of social rights, protection of work, secularity of education, society divided into corporations, elements of direct democracy, division of powers between legislative chambers, and a lack of the head of state. Constitutional institutions are presented with consideration of the history of Fiume, studied by the historical approach.

The author concludes that D’Annunzio did not belong to the fascist movement, but was rather a rival of Mussolini, with a different vision of the state and methods of rule. His Charter of Kvarner can therefore be seen as a concept for the new Italy. At the same time, the commandant was a forerunner of the methods of communicating with society which were later used by the leaders of totalitarian states.
Kryzys gospodarczy, faszyzm i „warstwy pośrednie”. Reakcje polskich socjalistów na zwycięstwo nazizmu w Niemczech
Authors: Piskała Kamil
Published: August 2022

The decline of the democratic Weimar Republic and NSDAP’s rise to power in 1933 caused a huge political uproar, especially among European socialists and social democrats. For many decades German SPD was a role-model for other socialist parties. The German working class was also perceived as the best organized and the most politically educated in all of Europe. Therefore, as Gerd-Reiner Horn noticed in his path-breaking study, the period of about 40 months after the creation of Hitler’s cabinet was a time of extremely intensive (and perhaps most passionate in the interwar period) discussion on strategy and political practice of the European socialist movement. In the following article, the Polish part of this debate is presented in detail. I examine official resolutions and ideological statements of the Polish Socialist Party (PPS), polemic pamphlets, the wide range of comments and political analyses published in socialist press, police reports, etc., in order to address three main issues: 1. in what way the Nazi Party’s rise to power catalyzed the process of radicalization among Polish socialists; 2. what the connection is between socialists’ opinion on the social basis of the German fascist movement and the evolution of their political strategy; 3. to what extent their diagnoses regarding the social basis of fascist movements in general determined their views on the possible evolution of the Nazi regime. I argue that the tragedy of SPD made Polish socialists more sensitive to the role of emotions in political mobilization and urged them to reevaluate some of their previous propaganda techniques. According to the majority of acclaimed socialist intellectuals, fascism was objectively a procapitalist movement, the social basis of which was composed of pauperized and disorientated “middle strata” (e.g. shopkeepers, clerks, artisans, peasants, unemployed youth, etc.). In orthodox Marxism these groups were perceived as declining and deprived of genuine historical agency. But the Nazi rise to power showed that they have immense political potential and their support may be decisive for the result of the clash between socialism and fascism. Thus, the question of how to mobilize the majority of the “middle strata” in favor of socialism became a crucial part of debates among Polish socialists in the mid-1930s. As I argue, different answers for this crucial question determined profound tactical differences and contributed to harsh arguments on PPS’s politics.
Usytuowanie ustrojowo-polityczne ochrony informacji niejawnych w Polsce, Czechach i na Słowacji
Authors: Graca Witold , Spustek Henryk
Published: August 2022

Secret services are responsible for the system of classified information protection in Poland. In the Czech Republic and Slovakia, civil central offices operating outside the special services system have been established to perform activities in this area. Institutions dealing with the protection of classified information in the Polish political and constitutional system are mainly supervised by the executive power — the prime minister, while in the Czech Republic and Slovakia the main control factor in the system are special parliamentary committees. The protection of the rights of persons whose data are processed as part of various types of proceedings conducted by such bodies is guaranteed in all analyzed political systems by courts. In Slovakia, it is the Supreme Court. In practice, the Czech Republic and Slovakia have abandoned the separate certification system for the structures of the Ministry of National Defense. In Poland, the separation of proceedings concerning the military sphere was maintained — they are still conducted by one of the special services, Military Counterintelligence Service.
Kryminalizacja finansowania terroryzmu w świetle przepisu art. 165a kodeksu karnego. Część 2
Authors: Ochman Piotr
Published: August 2022

The progressing globalization, the ease of movement, and the pace of information flow undoubtedly intensified the threat of terrorism, which is an important social issue. One of the crucial instruments in combating terrorist activity is counteracting its financing. The article analyzes the crime of financing terrorism, which has been defined in Art. 165a of the Polish Criminal Code. An attempt will be made to answer the question whether the legislative measures taken in the above-mentioned field are purposeful, necessary, and justified. The article also presents the genesis of the current legal regulations aimed at counteracting the financing of terrorism in the Polish Penal Code.
El uso de las TIC y los estilos de aprendizaje en los estudiantes universitarios de una Escuela Profesional de Tecnología Médica, Lima-Perú.
Authors: Meléndez Olivari Elizabeth C. , Guillén Aparicio Patricia E.
Published: August 2022

Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre el uso de las TIC y los estilos de aprendizaje en los estudiantes universitarios de la Escuela Profesional de Tecnología Médica de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH). Material y métodos: El diseño fue de tipo no experimental, básico, correlacional, y de corte transversal. La población fue de 458 estudiantes de la Escuela Profesional de Tecnología Médica de la UPCH y la muestra de 210 participantes. Se utilizó el cuestionario REATIC versión 2020. Los datos fueron analizados con el programa estadístico SPSS versión 25 y la correlación se obtuvo a través del Coeficiente Rho de Spearman. Resultados: Los resultados han determinado que existe una correlación directa y positiva entre las variables teniendo un p =0, 000 (< a α= 0,05) y un coeficiente Rho con valores entre 0,499 y 0,291 según el estilo de aprendizaje. Conclusiones: Basados en los resultados y en el objetivo principal, se concluye que existe una relación directa y positiva entre las variables Uso de la TIC y los estilos de aprendizaje en los universitarios de la Escuela Profesional de Tecnología Médica de la UPCH, obteniendo un p =0,000 (< a α= 0,05) y una fuerza de correlación moderada para los estilos de aprendizaje Teórico (Rho: 0,499), Reflexivo (Rho: 0,434) y Activo (Rho: 0,425); para el estilo Pragmático la correlación fue baja (Rho: 0,291).
Éthique et réglementation en expérimentation animale en France : éléments de réflexion à partir des expérimentations sur les bovins
Authors: VEISSIER Isabelle , DEISS Véronique
Published: August 2022

L'expérimentation animale est autorisée à condition qu'aucun autre moyen d'acquérir des connaissances importantes n’est possible et que la souffrance des animaux est limitée. Chaque chercheur se doit d’évaluer la pertinence de l’utilisation des animaux ainsi que les dommages que son expérimentation risque d’imposer aux animaux, et mettre ces dommages en regard de l’intérêt des résultats escomptés. Il existe désormais des grilles pour évaluer la douleur dans de nombreuses espèces, dont les animaux d’élevage, ainsi que des moyens de savoir si une situation peut être perçue comme contraignante par un animal. La règle des 3R (remplacer, réduire, raffiner) préconise de réduire au maximum les dommages causés aux animaux en recourant à des méthodes d’exploration ne nécessitant pas d’expérimentation sur animaux vivants dès qu’une telle alternative existe, en réduisant les effectifs animaux au minimum nécessaire pour obtenir des résultats exploitables et en améliorant les procédures. Il reste difficile d’évaluer l’équilibre entre dommages pour les animaux et bénéfices des résultats attendus. Nous proposons d’évaluer la pertinence d’une expérimentation à l’aide de cinq critères : i) l’existence d’une stratégie 3R, ii) l’application des 3R dans l’expérimentation prévue, iii) les préjudices imposés aux animaux, iv) l’importance des résultats attendus, v) la probabilité d’obtenir des résultats exploitables. Dans une dernière partie, nous rappelons la règlementation en vigueur : mise en place de comités d’éthique évaluant les projets d’expérimentation, agrément des établissements hébergeurs d’animaux, formation des personnels, mise en place de structures chargées du bien-être des animaux au sein des établissements. Nous fournissons quelques clés qui aideront les chercheurs à établir leurs demandes d’autorisation d’une expérimentation.
Rôle et impact environnemental du cuivre et du zinc en élevage porcin : de l’alimentation au retour au sol des effluents
Authors: GOURLEZ EMMA , BÉLINE Fabrice , DOURMAD Jean-Yves , MONTEIRO Alessandra , DE QUELEN Francine
Published: August 2022

Le zinc et le cuivre sont des éléments-traces métalliques (ÉTM) qui peuvent présenter à plus ou moins long terme un risque environnemental pour les sols agricoles sur lesquels sont valorisées les déjections porcines. Ces ÉTM sont essentiels pour la croissance et la santé des porcs en élevage, ils sont donc ajoutés dans l’aliment sous forme de supplémentation. Cependant, du fait de leur faible taux de rétention chez le porc, ils se retrouvent très majoritairement excrétés dans les déjections. De plus, ce sont des ressources minérales naturelles limitées. Il est alors essentiel de caractériser leurs flux le long du continuum aliments-déjections-traitements-sols afin de maîtriser au mieux leur utilisation. Un état des lieux des connaissances sur ces flux montre que l’alimentation est le principal levier pour limiter les rejets de ces ETM vers l’environnement. La réglementation européenne fixe actuellement des teneurs limites des aliments en zinc et en cuivre (e.g. pour un porc en engraissement, 120 et 25 mg.kg- 1 MS respectivement). Le traitement des déjections est un second levier pour optimiser la valorisation de ces effluents d’élevage et mieux gérer la redistribution de ces ÉTM sur les sols, en les concentrant dans certains produits plus facilement exportables vers des zones en déficit. Une meilleure connaissance de leur forme chimique tout au long de la filière est aussi nécessaire pour mieux maîtriser leur devenir et préciser les risques pour l’environnement. Des recherches restent nécessaires pour affiner les stratégies d’apport dans les aliments, tout en conservant les performances et la santé des animaux et en prenant en compte les différentes modalités de gestion des effluents dans le cadre d’une bioéconomie circulaire.
Anticipating the Next Chess Move: Blocking SARS-CoV-2 Replication and Simultaneously Disarming Viral Escape Mechanisms
Authors: Casseb Samir Mansour Moraes , Khayat André Salim , Souza Jorge Estefano Santana de , Oliveira Edivaldo Herculano Correa de , Santos Sidney Emanuel Batista dos , Vasconcelos Pedro Fernando da Costa , Assumpção Paulo Pimentel de
Published: August 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic initiated a race to determine the best measures to control the disease and to save as many people as possible. Efforts to implement social distancing, the use of masks, and massive vaccination programs turned out to be essential in reducing the devastating effects of the pandemic. Nevertheless, the high mutation rates of SARS-CoV-2 challenge the vaccination strategy and maintain the threat of new outbreaks due to the risk of infection surges and even lethal variations able to resist the effects of vaccines and upset the balance. Most of the new therapies tested against SARS-CoV-2 came from already available formulations developed to treat other diseases, so they were not specifically developed for SARS-CoV-2. In parallel, the knowledge produced regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in this disease was vast due to massive efforts worldwide. Taking advantage of such a vast molecular understanding of virus genomes and disease mechanisms, a targeted molecular therapy based on siRNA specifically developed to reach exclusive SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequences was tested in a non-transformed human cell model. Since coronavirus can escape from siRNA by producing siRNA inhibitors, a complex strategy to simultaneously strike both the viral infectious mechanism and the capability of evading siRNA therapy was developed. The combined administration of the chosen produced siRNA proved to be highly effective in successfully reducing viral load and keeping virus replication under control, even after many days of treatment, unlike the combinations of siRNAs lacking this anti-anti-siRNA capability. Additionally, the developed therapy did not harm the normal cells, which was demonstrated because, instead of testing the siRNA in nonhuman cells or in transformed human cells, a non-transformed human thyroid cell was specifically chosen for the experiment. The proposed siRNA combination deeply reduced the viral load throughout the experiment and allowed cellular recovery, thus representing a potential innovation, to be considered as an additional weapon for therapy of COVID-19 and even other infectious diseases.
Management of Bladder Cancer Patients with Clinical Evidence of Lymph Node Invasion (cN+)
Authors: Małkiewicz Bartosz , Gurwin Adam , Karwacki Jakub , Nagi Krystian , Knecht-Gurwin Klaudia , Hober Krzysztof , Łyko Magdalena , Kowalczyk Kamil , Krajewski Wojciech , Kołodziej Anna , Szydełko Tomasz
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this review is to present the current knowledge about the diagnostic and treatment options in bladder cancer (BCa) patients with clinically positive lymph nodes (cN+). In this review compaction of CT and MRI performance in preoperative prediction of lymph node invasion (LNI) in BCa patients was presented, along with other diagnostic methods. Most scientific societies do not distinguish cN+ patients in their guidelines, recommendations concern muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and differ between associations. Currently, the standard treatment of patients with MIBC is radical cystectomy (RC) with bilateral pelvic lymph node dis-section (PLND). The template of PLND and its therapeutic value remain debatable. Moreover, most guidelines recommend neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). However, there is still lack of definitive evidence of the superiority of neoadjuvant chemotherapy over adjuvant chemotherapy. Nevertheless, the curative treatment that provides the best long-term survival in cN+ patients is a multimodal approach with a combination of chemotherapy and RC. Recent studies demonstrate the growing importance of immunotherapy. Special attention should be paid to cN+ BCa patients as the oncological outcomes are significantly worse for this group.
Multidecadal Trend Analysis of Armenian Mountainous Grassland and Its Relationship to Climate Change Using Multisensor NDVI Time-Series
Authors: Muradyan Vahagn , Asmaryan Shushanik , Ayvazyan Grigor , Dell’Acqua Fabio
Published: August 2022

Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of links between satellite-measured vegetation vigor and climate variables in Armenian mountain grassland ecosystems in years 1984–2018. NDVI is derived from MODIS and Landsat data, temperature and precipitation data are from meteorological stations. Two study sites were selected, representing arid and semi-arid grassland vegetation types, respectively. Various trend estimators including Mann-Kendall (MK) and derivatives were combined for vegetation change analysis at different time scales. Results suggest that temperature and precipitation had negative and positive impacts on vegetation growth, respectively, in both areas. NDVI-to-precipitation correlation was significant but with an apparent time-lag effect that was further investigated. No significant general changes were observed in vegetation along the observed period. Further comparisons between results from corrected and uncorrected data led us to conclude that MODIS and Landsat data with BRDF, topographic and atmospheric corrections applied are best suited for analyzing relationships between NDVI and climatic factors for the 2000-2018 period in grassland at a very local scale, but in the absence of correction tools and information, uncorrected data can still provide meaningful results. Future refinements will include removal of anthropogenic impact, and deeper investigation of time-lag effects of climatic factors on vegetation dynamics.
Deep Learning in State of Charge Estimation for Li-ion Battery: A Review
Authors: Zhong Chen , Zhang Dawei , Xu Peijuan , Tian Yiyang
Published: August 2022

As one of the critical state parameters of the battery management system, lithium battery state of charge (SOC) can provide an essential reference for battery safety management, charge/discharge control, and energy management of electric vehicles. To analyze the application of deep learning in electric vehicle power battery SOC estimation, this study reviewed the technical process, common public datasets, and the neural networks used, structural characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of lithium battery SOC estimation in deep learning method. First, the specific technical processes of the deep learning method for SOC estimation were analyzed, including data collection, data preprocessing, feature engineering, model training, and model evaluation. Secondly, the current commonly and publicly used lithium battery dataset was summarized. Then, the input variables, data sets, errors, and advantages and disadvantages of four types of deep learning methods, were concluded using the structure of neural network used for training as the classification criterion. Finally, the challenges and future development directions of lithium battery SOC estimation in deep learning method were explained.
A New Solution for Measuring Planck's Constant using Compton Scattering
Authors: Humpherys David
Published: August 2022

Measured values of the electron mass and Compton wavelength produce a value of Planck's constant with a relative standard uncertainty of 3 x 10-10. This is only slightly larger than the 1.3 x 10-10 relative standard uncertainty in measurements performed using the Kibble balance. Compton scattering represents an alternative pathway to improving the value of Planck's constant in the future. Natural units of length, mass, and time offer new pathways to improving the values of physical constants. While extensive values of the Planck units lie beyond the reach of present-day instrumentation, certain product and quotient pairs of Planck units such as the speed of light can be measured with relatively high precision. Better measurements of certain unit pairs will improve the value of the gravitational constant.
Evolutionary View on Lactate-Dependent Mechanisms of Maintaining Cancer Cells Stemness and Reprimitivization
Authors: Shegay Petr V. , Zabolotneva Anastasia A. , Shatova Olga P. , Shestopalov Aleksandr V. , Kaprin Andrei D.
Published: August 2022

The role of lactic acid (lactate) in cell metabolism has been significantly revised in recent dec-ades. Initially, lactic acid was attributed to the role of a toxic end product of metabolism, which accumulation in the cell and extracellular space leads to acidosis, muscle pain and other adverse effects. However, it has now become obvious that lactate is not only a universal fuel molecule and the main substrate for gluconeogenesis, but also one of the most ancient metabolites with signaling function, which has a wide range of regulatory activity. The Warburg effect described 100 years ago (that means intensification of glycolysis associated with high lactate production), which is characteristic of many malignant tumors, confirms the key role of lactate not only in physiological conditions, but also in pathologies. The study of lactate’s role in the malignant transformation becomes more relevant in the light of the “atavistic theory of carcinogenesis,” which suggests that tumor cells return to a more primitive hereditary phenotype during micro-evolution. In this review, we attempted to summarize the accumulated knowledges about the functions of lactate in cell metabolism and its role in the process of carcinogenesis, and to con-sider the possible evolutionary significance of the Warburg effect.
Effect of Shock Waves on the Growth of Aspergillus niger Conidia: Evaluation of Germination and Preliminary Study on Gene Expression
Authors: Larrañaga-Ordaz Daniel , Martínez-Maldonado Miguel , Millán-Chiu Blanca E , Fernández Franciso , Castaño-Tostado Eduardo , Gómez-Lim Miguel Ángel , Loske Achim M
Published: August 2022

Shock waves, as used in medicine, can induce cell permeabilization, genetically transforming filamentous fungi; however, little is known on the interaction of shock waves with the cell wall. Because of this, the selection of parameters has been empirical. We studied the influence of shock waves on the germination of Aspergillus niger, to understand their effect on the modulation of four genes related to the growth of conidia. Parameters were varied in the range reported in protocols for genetic transformation. Vials containing conidia in suspension were exposed to either 50, 100 or 200 single-pulse or tandem shock waves, with different peak pressures (approximately 42, 66 and 83 MPa). In the tandem mode, three delays were tested. To equalize the total energy, the number of tandem “events” was halved compared to the number of single-pulse shock waves. Our results demonstrate that shock waves do not generate severe cellular effects on the viability and germination of A. niger conidia. Nevertheless, increase in the aggressiveness of the treatment induced a modification in the four genes tested. Scanning electron microscopy revealed significant changes to the cell wall of the conidia. Under optimized conditions, shock waves could be used for several biotechnological applications, surpassing conventional techniques.
Beyond the Penrose Hypothesis: Examining the Association between the Availability of Psychiatric Care and National Homicide Rates in 166 Countries
Authors: Rajkumar Ravi Philip
Published: August 2022

The association between mental illness and violent crimes such as homicide is complex. In 1939, Lionel Penrose hypothesized that the availability of psychiatric hospital beds was inversely related to the prison population, presumably due to the hospitalization of potential offenders with a mental illness. Subsequent studies have found evidence for this association, but questions remain about the contributions of confounding factors. Moreover, there has been a move towards deinstitutionalization and community care of the mentally ill over the past six decades. In this study, the association between national homicide rates and three measures of the availability of psychiatric care – the numbers of psychiatrists, general hospital psychiatric beds, and psychiatric hospital beds per 100,000 population – was examined using a time-lagged correlation analysis. Associations between homicide rates and socioeconomic factors associated with crime were also examined. It was found that the availability of psychiatrists and of general hospital psychiatric beds were both negatively correlated with homicide rates, and that the association with general hospital psychiatric beds remained significant even after correction for confounding factors. These results suggest the need for a more nuanced interpretation of Penrose’s original formulation, involving the interplay of social, economic factors and psychological factors rather than linear causality.
Алгоритм коррекции метода биграмм в задаче идентификации автора текста
Authors: Воронина Мария Юрьевна , Voronina Mariya Yur'evna , Кислицын Алексей Алексеевич , Kislitsyn Aleksei Alekseevich , Орлов Юрий Николаевич , Orlov Yurii Nikolayevich
Published: August 2022

Предложена модель распознавания авторов литературных текстов по близости отдельного текста к эталону автора и алгоритм коррекции возможных ошибок идентификации. Эталоном является эмпирическое распределение частот пар буквосочетаний по анализу достоверно известных произведений автора. Близость между текстами понимается в смысле близости частот биграмм в норме L1. Автором неизвестного текста назначается тот, к эталону которого тестируемый текст находится ближе всего. Для идентификации используется библиотека авторов, каждый из которых имеет достаточно большое количество произведений, определяющих соответствующие эталоны двухбуквенных сочетаний. Тестирование данного метода идентификации на авторах библиотеки показало, что он является весьма точным. В анализируемом корпусе текстов были собраны 1783 текста 100 авторов, ошибка распознавания наилучшим методом оказалась равной 0.12. Важно, что после исключения неверно распознанных текстов осталась библиотека из 88 авторов и 1450 текстов, каждый из которых был идентифицирован безошибочно. Исследуемой проблемой является оценка вероятности того, что среди эталонов библиотеки нет эталона автора тестируемого текста. Для ее решения в работе проведен анализ зависимости вероятности ошибочной идентификации от длины текста. На примере безошибочно определяемой подгруппы текстов выяснилось, что эмпирическая вероятность правильного распознавания фрагмента текста хотя и уменьшается с уменьшением длины фрагмента, все же превосходит 0.5 вплоть до фрагментации текста на 10 частей. При исключении из рассмотрения правильного эталона таковым назначается второй по близости эталон, однако он оказывается неустойчивым: неоднозначность такой идентификации автора фрагментов наступает уже при разрезании текста на 4 фрагмента. Тем самым устойчивость идентификации автора фрагментов текста можно предложить в качестве нового критерия корректности метода.
Метод распознавания объектов на основе их сигнально-геометрических признаков средствами робототехнического комплекса охраны
Authors: Пушкарeв Юрий Александрович , Pushkarev Yurii Aleksandrovich , Свиридов Виктор Викторович , Sviridov Viktor Viktorovich
Published: August 2022

Рассматривается методический подход к распознаванию объектов вторжения в охраняемую зону с помощью оптико-электронных средств робототехнического комплекса, который основывается на существовании некоторого признакового пространства (совокупности сигнальных и геометрических признаков) для каждого класса и типа объекта. Решаемая задача сравнения байесовских апостериорных вероятностей классов (типов) объектов сводится к вычислению априорных вероятностей
и функций распределения энергии сигналов и геометрических параметров объектов, т.е. функций правдоподобия признака к конкретному классу (типу) объекта.
На основе полученных параметров проанализированы зависимости вероятности правильного распознавания, вероятности пропуска, ложного распознавания и перепутывания объектов от коэффициента различимости при отклонении от эталона энергии сигнала объекта в меньшую и большую стороны. Полученные результаты необходимы для решения проблемы адаптивного группового управления робототехническими комплексами при решении оперативно-тактических задач в условиях
неопределeнной динамической среды.
Alfabetización mediática e informacional en las Escuelas de Imagen y Sonido. Percepciones de profesorado y alumnado
Authors: De Vega Martín Ana Lucía , Pinedo González Ruth , Gutiérrez Martín Alfonso
Published: August 2022

En la era digital tanto la ciudadanía como los profesionales de los medios requieren competencias en alfabetización mediática e informacional para los nuevos entornos reales, virtuales e híbridos. Con esta investigación se pretende, primero, conocer la presencia de competencias en educación mediática en los curricula de los ciclos de formación profesional de la rama de Imagen y Sonido, y posteriormente conocer el nivel autopercibido del alumnado y del profesorado, así como la importancia que dan a cada una de ellas. Se utiliza un diseño mixto de triangulación concurrente donde el diseño cualitativo es un análisis de contenido y el diseño cuantitativo es transversal de alcance exploratorio. Se comprueba una escasa presencia de contenidos relacionados con la educación mediática en los planes de estudio de los profesionales de la información. Alumnado y profesorado muestran un adecuado nivel competencial autopercibido y asignan mayor importancia a la detección de noticias falsas en redes sociales, a la protección de la información personal en línea al impacto de la Inteligencia Artificial, y a la participación crítica en debates. Se concluye que en la formación de los profesionales de Imagen y Sonido deberían contemplarse, no solo las habilidades técnicas, sino también las competencias en AMI.
Eutherian comparative genomic analysis protocol
Authors: Premzl Marko
Published: August 2022

The eutherian genomics momentum greatly advanced biological and medical sciences. Yet, future revisions and updates of eutherian genomic sequence data sets were expected, due to potential genomic sequence errors and incompleteness of genomic sequences. Importantly, the human protein coding gene census remained unfinished: contemporary estimates included ≈ 20000-21000 protein coding genes in human genome, in contrast to human initial integrated gene index that included ≈ 32000 known and predicted protein coding genes. The eutherian comparative genomic analysis protocol was established as one framework of eutherian gene data set descriptions. The protocol revised, updated and published 14 major eutherian gene data sets, including 2615 complete coding sequences deposited in European Nucleotide Archive as curated third party data gene data sets under accession numbers: FR734011-FR734074, HF564658-HF564785, HF564786-HF564815, HG328835-HG329089, HG426065-HG426183, HG931734-HG931849, LM644135-LM644234, LN874312-LN874522, LT548096-LT548244, LT631550-LT631670, LT962964-LT963174, LT990249-LT990597, LR130242-LR130508 and LR760818-LR761312.
Preparing Active Recombinant AEP free of Acid-activation.
Authors: Ma Muge , Tang Simon TM , Luk Louis YP
Published: August 2022

Asparaginyl endopeptidase is a useful biocatalyst for site-specific protein bioconjugation. However, existing recombinant protocol is lengthy requiring cap removal of the zymogenic enzymes through acid activation and extra chromatographic steps. Here, we describe an activation-free approach for AEP preparation where the cap and core domains are prepared as separate entities during gene expression. An AEP variant from Oldenlandia affinis (OaAEP1b-C247A) can be prepared without the need of acid treatment giving a yield of ~1.5-2.2 mg of enzyme per litre of culture. Likely because of a decrease in chromatography time and an increase of homogeneity, activity of the split AEP was found to be ~3-fold higher than those obtained using existing protocols, highlighting its potential usefulness.
Stem cell-derived mouse embryos develop within an extra-embryonic yolk sac to form anterior brain regions and a beating heart-like structure.
Authors: Amadei Gianluca , Handford Charlotte E. , Glover David , Zernicka-Goetz Magdalena
Published: August 2022

Mouse embryos are an invaluable tool to study mammalian development but establishment of novel transgenic mouse lines is a costly and time-consuming endeavour. Stem cell models, on the other hand, lend themselves to quick genetic manipulation and are easily scalable, yet they do not successfully capture morphogenesis.Here, we report stem cell-based structures called ETiX-embryoids that can recapitulate mouse post-implantation morphogenesis. ETiX-embryoids form by aggregating embryonic and trophoblast stem cells to embryonic stem cells transiently expressing Gata4. Over the course of 4 days, these structures develop like mouse post-implantation egg cylinders; they then undertake and complete gastrulation on day 5 and 6, respectively. On day 7, ETiX-embryoids undergo neural induction and form the mouse anterior-posterior axis from neural folds to tail bud by movements of convergent extension. On day 8 they form a brain, establish a beating heart-like structure and a gut tube, as they develop inside extraembryonic membranes equivalent to amnion and yolk sac. We detail here the experimental set up and procedure required to generate ETiX-embryoids, and anticipate that they will establish themselves as a novel, powerful tool to study mammalian development without generating a novel mouse lines.
Spatial and molecular profiling reveals an immunosuppressive mononuclear phagocyte network in Classic Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Stewart Benjamin , Fergie Martin , Young Matthew , Jones Claire , Sachdeva Ashwin , Blain Alex , Bacon Chris , Rand Vikki , Ferdinand John , James Kylie , Mahbubani Krishnaa , Hook Liz , Jonas Nicolaas , Coleman Nicholas , Saeb-Parsy Kourosh , Collin Matthew , Clatworthy Menna , Behjati Sam , Carey Christopher
Published: August 2022

Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) has a rich immune infiltrate, which is an intrinsic component of the neoplastic process. Malignant Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg cells (HRSC) create an immunosuppressive microenvironment by the expression of regulatory molecules, preventing T-cell activation. It has also been demonstrated that mononuclear phagocytes (MNP) in the vicinity of HRSC express similar regulatory mechanisms in parallel, and their presence in tissue is associated with inferior patient outcomes. MNP in cHL have hitherto been identified with a small number of canonical markers and are usually described as ‘tumor-associated macrophages’. The organization of MNP networks and interactions with HRSC remains unexplored at high resolution. Here, we defined the global immune cell composition of cHL and non-lymphoma lymph nodes, integrating data across single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics and multiplexed immunofluorescence. We observed that MNP comprise multiple subsets of monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells (DC). Classical monocytes, macrophages and conventional DC2 were enriched in the vicinity of HRSC, but plasmacytoid DC and activated DC were excluded. Unexpectedly, cDC and monocytes expressed immunoregulatory checkpoints PD-L1, TIM-3, and the tryptophan-catabolizing protein IDO, at the same level as macrophages. Expression of these molecules increased with age. We also found that classical monocytes are important signaling hubs, potentially controlling the retention of cDC2 and ThExh via CCR1-, CCR4-, CCR5-, and CXCR3-dependent signaling. Enrichment of the cDC2-monocyte-macrophage network in diagnostic biopsies is associated with early treatment failure. These results reveal unanticipated complexity and spatial polarization within the MNP compartment, further demonstrating their potential roles in immune evasion by cHL.
Enzymatic Extraction and Characterization of Nanocellulose from Cornhusk Fiber
Authors: Jin Haiyan , tian yinghua , Teng Liqian , Yang Jiaqi , Wu Hongyan , Liu Xiaolan
Published: August 2022

Cornhusk is a renewable and abundant crop by-product whose diverse applications must be studied more extensively. However, thus far, cornhusk, as a raw material, has not been employed for production of cornhusk fiber (CF) nanocellulose (CNC). This study aims to extract and characterize nanocellulose using CF as a raw material by high-shear-assisted enzyme hydrolysis. The extraction process was optimized by investigating the particle size distribution. The optimal extraction conditions of CNC were as follows: cellulase concentration of 1 mg/g, pH of 4.8, temperature of 50 ℃, and 24 h treatment under high-shear conditions for 20 min. The morphological characteristics of the CNC and CF were investigated, and FTIR，XRD, and TGA analyses were performed. Compared with CF, CNC exhibited slenderer nanofibrils with a smoother surface. FTIR analysis showed that the peaks that represented hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin disappeared or diminished in the CNC spectrum. The crystal type of CNC did not change and was identical to that of CF (cellulose type I). The TGA results showed that CNC possessed a lower thermal stability and higher char residuals than those of CF.
A Stretchable and Conformable Sensor Fabricated by PVDF Film for human dynamic monitoring
Authors: Hongying Tian , Lisheng Han , Xiangrong Wang , Huimin Hao , Kaili Zhao , Juanjuan Wu , Peiyuan Wang , Huang Jia-hai
Published: August 2022

With the increasing demand for self-adaptive electronics, stretchable and conformable sensors with merits of high sensitivity, stretchability, and self-adhesive have taken great proportion on the advanced intelligent devices. Herein, a novel tactile sensor that can always maintain conformal contact to the measuring object for efficient movement monitoring was demonstrated, whose structure contains the “H” well-manicured thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), rectangular PVDF film coupled with silver electrode and clamped into the copper-clad signal line ends (CCSLE), and “U” shaped super-elastic silica gel layer, can satisfy the above performances to the maximum extent. Thus, by ingenious designing and association, the output signals of the arch device have been explored, which can serve as dynamic monitoring sensor owing to the stretchable and conformal configuration. Besides, the mechanical stability, high sensitivity suggested that when attached to the skin of participates’ joints, the sensor would be able to detect strains induced by different motion postures, and it was confirmed in the paper experimentally. The results show that the novel biomimetic sensor is effective in monitoring human dynamic, with a success rate of more than 98.3 percent. The stretchable and conformable sensor is highly used for low-cost, non-toxic, breathable, and has further potential in clinical, conformal detection, and artificial intelligence.
scCapsNet-mask: an updated version of scCapsNet with extended applicability in functional analysis related to scRNA-seq data
Authors: Wang Lifei , Nie Rui , Zhang Jiang , Cai Jun
Published: August 2022

Background
We recently developed the single cell Capsule Network (scCapsNet), an interpretable deep learning classifier for single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data based on Capsule Network (CapsNet). Although scCapsNet could identify cell type related genes that determine the classification process, the random association with one-to-many and many-to-one relationships between primary capsules and type capsules adds complexity and difficulty for model interpretation.
Results
Here we introduce scCapsNet-mask, an updated version of scCapsNet that utilizes a mask to ease the task of model interpretation. To assess the performance of scCapsNet-mask, we conducted experiments on two scRNA-seq datasets. The results of experiments on two scRNA-seq datasets show that scCapsNet-mask could constrain the coupling coefficients, the internal parameters of the model, and make a one-to-one correspondence between the primary capsules and type capsules. Therefore, scCapsNet-mask keeps the virtue of high classification accuracy and high interpretability of the original scCapsNet, and has the advantages of automatic processing and easy interpretation. Furthermore, we show that scCapsNet-mask could extend its applicability in functional analysis. Firstly, scCapsNet-mask could estimate the lineage (fate) bias of cells with less differentiated states. After deducing the fate bias, a pseudo-temporal order of cells could be established for each lineage. Following these pseudo-temporal order, lineage specific genes exhibit a gradual increase expression pattern and HSC associated genes exhibit a gradual decrease expression pattern. Secondly, scCapsNet-mask was applied to the cell type assignment in spatial transcriptomics. Training on scRNA-seq data, the spatial map of predicted cell types generated by scCapsNet-mask model is consistent with that generated by RCTD and the anatomical structure of the mouse hippocampus, with much less time and computing resources.
Conclusions
scCapsNet-mask source code is freely available at https://github.com/wanglf19/scCapsNet_mask. It is an updated version of scCapsNet to identify cell type associated genes more easily, and can extend its applicability in functional analysis such as fate bias prediction in less differentiated cells and cell type assignment in spatial transcriptomics.
Analysis of Seismic Noise of Broadband Seismological Stations installed along the Western Ghats
Authors: Jha Krishna , B Padma Rao , C Sribin , S Silpa
Published: August 2022

The Western Ghats (WG) is one of the great escarpments that extend ~ 1500 km parallel to the west coast of India in the NNW-SSE. We deployed a network of seven broadband seismological stations along the WG to decipher it’s evolution. In the present study, we investigate the characteristics of different kinds of noises at the stations by utilizing the power spectral density measurements. Further, the results are compared with the global standard noise models to assess the data quality. The PSD results reveal that the short period (cultural) noise is more prominent at stations AGMB, SDPR, MGLI when compared to the other stations, especially during day hours since these sites were in the proximity of roads. The seasonal variations are observed especially in the microseismic period range and noise levels are more prominent in the months of July to August since the western part of India experiences peak monsoon during this period. These variations are observed especially at PCH and KNUR stations as their locations were near the coastline. Further, the results indicate that the noise levels are more prominent in vertical component than that of horizontal components in the microseismic period range whereas it is reversed in the short and long period ranges. Later, the results indicate that the noise levels at all the localities of stations are within the global standard noise models, which suggest that our installation of broadband seismological stations have been successful and has good data quality.
Chen’s Penetrating-Suture Technique for Pancreaticojejunostomy Following Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Zhang Lihong , Zhu Xuefeng , Zhu Yongsheng , Huang Jianjun , Tao Lide , Chen Yijun
Published: August 2022

Background and purpose: Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is the most serious complication and the main reason for morbidity and mortality after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Currently, there exists no flawless pancreaticojejunal anastomosis approach. We presents a new approach called Chen’s penetrating-suture technique for pancreaticojejunostomy (PPJ), which involves end-to-side pancreaticojejunostomy by suture penetrating the full-thickness of the pancreas and jejunum, and evaluates its safety and efficacy.Methods: To assess this new approach, between May 2006 and July 2018, 193 consecutive patients who accepted the new Chen’s Penetrating-Suture technique after a PD were enrolled in this study. Postoperative morbidity and mortality were evaluated.Results: All cases recovered well after PD. The median operative time was 256 (range 208–352) min, with a median time of 12 (range 8–25) min for performing pancreaticojejunostomy. Postoperative morbidity was 19.7% (38/193) and mortality was zero. The POPF rate was 4.7 % (9/193) for Grade A, 1.0 % (2/193) for Grade B, and no Grade C cases. and one urinary tract infection.Conclusion: PPJ is a simple, safe, and reliable technique with ideal postoperative clinical results.