bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Politicization of Labour Migration in Post-Soviet Russia: Competing Projects of Post-Socialist Development
Authors: Glathe Julia
Published: December 2024

Like liberal democracies, Russia, as one of the world’s larg­est immigration destinations, must manage numerous political conflicts related to immigration to ensure political stability. The majority of migration scholarship characterizes Russia’s political response to immigration as contradictory and interprets this as an expression of the authoritarian, patrimonial, and populist Rus­sian state. To complement this literature, the chapter shows how Russian migration policy is linked to broader problems and con­flicts of post-socialist change. Based on an analysis of the Russian expert discourse on labour migration, it argues that the compet­ing political projects of labour migration are an expression of a society that is renegotiating its post-socialist coordinates in economic, cultural, and global terms.
Russia’s War in Ukraine: The Development of Russian Illiberalism and Migration in Central Asia
Authors: Heusala Anna-Liisa , Eraliev Sherzod
Published: December 2024

This chapter analyses the impact which Russia’s war in Ukraine, as the manifestation of illiberal politics in Russia, has had on migra­tion. We outline key developments in Russia’s security policy and the shift towards ideological and disruptive illiberalism rooted in Soviet and imperial traditions and examine the war’s impact on mobilities within and from Central Asia, specifically looking at what these changing dynamics mean for illiberalism and authori­tarian rule in the region. The analysis points to the fact that Rus­sian illiberalism has formed a loose state ideology, resulting in a balancing act between political and economic goals in the Global East and Global South and utilizing forced migration and refugees as a hybrid tool to influence the outcome of the war. Ultimately, the way in which migration is addressed in the region is likely to have significant implications for the future of illiberalism.
مراحل تدوين الــــــتفســــــيــــــــــــر
Authors: د. يسري حمدان عوض المـحمدي
Published: December 2024

الشيخ مـحمد عبد العظيم الزرقاني ت: 1367هـ/1948م/ مطلع القرن 14 من علماء الأزهر بمصر تخرج بكلية أصول الدين وعمل بها مدرساً لعلوم القرآن والحديث في كتاب مناهل العرفان في علوم القرآن تكلم عن تدوين التفسير بالمأثور وأرجع ذلك إلى عصر أتباع التابعين وما رجحه أن تأليف التفاسير تأخر حتى النصف الأخير من القرن الثاني الهجري" "وهو رأي بدر الدين الزركشي وجلال الدين السيوطي في الإتقان في علوم القرآن" "أحمد أمين ت: 1373هـ رأى بأن تفسير القرآن لم يستقل عن علم الحديث إلا في العصر العباسي ونفس هذا الموقف نجده عند مصطفى الصاوي الجويني" "أمين الخولي ت:1386هـ ذهب إلى أن الإمام مالك بن أنس هو أول واضع للتفسير" "الشيخ مـحمد الفاضل بن عاشور ت: 1390هـ ذهب إلى أن عبد الملك بن عبد العزيز بن جريج أول من ألف في التفسير.
فاعلية منصة قائمة على الذكاء الاصطناعي التوليدي والتلعيب في تنمية التفكير فوق المعرفي لدى طلاب التعليم العالي
Authors: أ.سلمان مطر السلمي  , د. أحمد بن إبراهيم فلاته  , أ.د. وليد بن سالم محمد الحلفاوي
Published: December 2024

يهدف البحث الحالي إلى تصميم نموذج مقترح لمنصة إلكترونية قائمة على تكامل الذكاء الاصطناعي التوليدي  وأدوات التلعيب وقياس فاعليتهما في تنمية التفكير فوق المعرفي لدى طلاب كلية الاتصال والاعلام بجامعة الملك عبدالعزيز . باستخدام المنهج شبه التجريبي، شملت الدراسة مجموعتين: الأولى درست باستخدام المنصة المدمجة بالذكاء الاصطناعي التوليدي وأدوات التلعيب، والثانية باستخدام المنصة دون تفعيل أدوات التلعيب. تكونت عينة الدراسة من ٦٠ طالبًا حيث تم تقسيمهم إلى مجموعتين بشكل عشوائي حيث بلغ عدد كل مجموعة (30) طالبًا. تم تطوير مقياس التفكير فوق المعرفي والذي تكون في نسخته النهائية، من (٣٢ )  بند موزعة على  ثلاثة محاور: التخطيط، المراقبة والتحكم، التقويم.  تم رصد النتائج وتحليلها إحصائياً باستخدام اختبار ( ت) لمقارنة المجموعات وتحديد دلالة الفروق بالإضافة الى حساب حجم الأثر. أظهرت النتائج فعالية المنصة الإلكترونية المقترحة التي تجمع بين الذكاء الاصطناعي التوليدي وأدوات التلعيب في تنمية التفكير فوق المعرفي لدى المجموعة التجريبية الأولى، مقارنةً بالمجموعة الثانية التي لم تستخدم سوى الذكاء الاصطناعي التوليدي.  وأوصت الدراسة بضرورة دمج الذكاء الاصطناعي التوليدي مع أدوات التلعيب في بيئات التعلم الإلكترونية بهدف تطوير نواتج التعلم، وتنفيذ برامج ودورات تدريبية للمعلمين، تستهدف الاهتمام المعرفي بكيفية توظيف واستخدام بيئات التعلم القائمة على تكامل الذكاء الاصطناعي والتلعيب ومكوناتها المختلفة بالسياقات التعليمية.
Agrunolocitose e Dipirona: Relato de caso com recidiva após reexposição
Authors: Fernandes Victor Paiva , Schultz Thiago , Rocha Suzanne de Freitas
Published: December 2024

Introdução: A dipirona é um fármaco derivado da Pirazolona, em razão dos seus efeitos analgésicos e antipiréticos se tornou amplamente utilizado no Brasil e está entre os dez medicamentos mais comercializados. A associação com quadros de agranulocitose é reconhecida desde 1970, com mortalidade entre 10 e 16%. Objetivo e Metodologia: Este relato de caso apresenta um caso clínico de agranulocitose secundária a reexposição à dipirona com quadro clínico e laboratorial sugestivos. Conclusão: A anamnese desenvolve papel crucial para estabelecimento da relação temporal entre o uso do fármaco e o surgimento de sinais e sintomas, com impacto no diagnóstico precoce e manejo terapêutico adequado para o prognóstico do paciente.
Pengaruh Penerapan Sistem Operasional Digitalisasi Perbankan Syariah Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Dalam Peningkatan Kualitas SDM
Authors: Hamidah Metha Nur , Putra Purnama
Published: December 2024

The researchs aims to analyze the effect of the digitalization operational system on employee performance in improving the quality of human resources at Bank Syariah Indonesia. The sample in this study was taken based on the population of employees at Islamic Banks totaling 3,493 employees using purposive sampling technique with a sample of 97 employees. The data processing method uses multiple regression methods with statistical tests first. Statistical tests consist of t test, f test, coefficient of determination (R2). The analysis technique in this study is path analysis which aims to calculate the effect of one or more independent variables on other dependent variables. The results showed that the value of the digitalization operational system had a positive effect on employee performance and the digitalization operational system, employee performance had an effect on improving the quality of human resources.
SOME CONSTRUCTION METHODS FOR IMPLICATION OPERATORS ON BOUNDED LATTICES
Authors: Karaçal Funda , Karacair Kübra , Ertuğrul Ümit
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we focus the construction methods of implications on bounded lattices. We introduce several methods to obtain implication on bounded lattices. We basically base on implication defined on subinterval such as [a,1] or [0,b] of the bounded lattice L which has a,b ∈ L with a ≤ b for these construction methods. We also use fuzzy logic operators such as t-norms, t-conorms, negations and implications on L in some construction methods. In addition, we give some remarks and examples to make the new construction methods.
The effects of cage on endplate collapse after stand-alone OLIF: based on finite element analysis and in vitro mechanics experiments
Authors: Li Hao , Liu Jiarui , Cui Huifei , Shen Nana , Wu Futong , Zhang Zhihao , Zhu Zhongze , Qiu Chensheng , Xiang Hongfei
Published: December 2024

Background

Lumbar degenerative diseases are an important factor in disability worldwide, and they are also common among the elderly population. Stand-Alone Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion (Stand-Alone OLIF) is a novel surgical approach for treating lumbar degenerative diseases. However, long-term follow-up after surgery has revealed the risk of endplate collapse associated with Stand-Alone OLIF procedures. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the cage factor on endplate collapse after Stand-Alone OLIF.

Methods

Finite element (FE) models and calf lumbar functional units were established separately and used to simulate Stand-Alone OLIF surgery. On the L5 endplate of the FE model and the calf lumbar functional unit, 12 cage positions from anterior to posterior, 16 cage inclination angles from 0° to 15°, and 4 cage heights were selected to simulate surgical models with different cage positions. Compression loads of 400N were applied to the upper surface of the superior vertebral body of the cage, and 10Nm torques in four directions were used to simulate four different physiological movements of the lumbar spine: flexion, extension, lateral curvature and torsion, in order to compare the range of motion of the surgical segment and the endplate stress.

Results

When the cage is placed closer to the anterior and posterior edges of the endplate and when the height of the cage exceeds 12mm, the intervertebral range of motion at the surgical segment is greater and the stress on the endplate is higher during various lumbar spine activities. When the cage is inclined at an angle within 15°, there are no significant differences in the corresponding endplate stress and the range of motion.

Conclusion

For Stand-Alone OLIF surgery, inserting the cage in the central anterior-posterior position of the intervertebral space and selecting a cage with a height not exceeding 12 mm can reduce the stress on the endplate after surgery, which is more conducive to the stability of the lumbar spine postoperatively and reduces the risk of postoperative endplate collapse. The inclination angle of the cage placement does not significantly affect postoperative endplate stress or lumbar stability.
Photochemical reactions of biomass derived platform chemicals
Authors: Hoffmann Norbert , Gomez Fernandez Mario Andrés , Desvals Arthur , Lefebvre Corentin , Michelin Clément , Latrache Mohammed
Published: December 2024

Platform chemicals obtained from biomass will play an important role in chemical industry. Already existing compounds or not yet established chemicals are produced from this renewable feedstock. Using photochemical reactions as sustainable method for the conversion of matter furthermore permits to develop processes that are interesting from the ecological and economical point of view. Furans or levoglucosenone are thus obtained from carbohydrate containing biomass. Photochemical rearrangements, photooxygenation reactions or photocatalytic radical reactions can be carried out with such compounds. Also, sugars such pentoses or hexoses can be more easily transformed into heterocyclic target compounds when such photochemical reactions are used. Lignin is an important source for aromatic compounds such as vanillin. Photocycloaddition of these compounds with alkenes or the use light supported multicomponent reactions yield interesting target molecules. Dyes, surfactants or compounds possessing a high degree of molecular diversity and complexity have been synthesized with photochemical key steps. Alkenes as platform chemicals are also produced by fermentation processes, for example, with cyanobacteria using biological photosynthesis. Such alkenes as well as terpenes may further be transformed in photochemical reactions yielding, for example, precursors of jet fuels.
Optimization of extraction in supercritical fluids in obtaining Pouteria lucuma seed oil by response surface methodology and artificial neuronal network coupled with a genetic algorithm
Authors: Chauca-Cerrutti Alex , Inga Marianela , Pasquel-Reátegui José Luis , Betalleluz-Pallardel Indira , Puma-Isuiza Gustavo
Published: December 2024

When processing lucuma (Pouteria lucuma), waste such as shells and seeds is generated, which is a source of bioactive compounds. Recently, lucuma seed (LS), especially its oily fraction, has been studied for containing phytosterols and tocopherols, powerful antioxidants with health benefits. This study proposes lucuma seed oil (LSO) extraction using supercritical fluid (SCF) to improve the quality of the extract and minimize the environmental impact. LS was previously characterized, and the extraction parameters were optimized using a Box-Behnken design, considering temperature (40–60°C), pressure (100–300 bar), and CO2 flow rate (3–7 mL/min), applying the response surface methodology (RSM) and neural networks with genetic algorithm (ANN+GA). The optimal parameters were 45°C, 300 bar, and 6 mL/min, obtaining 97.35% of the total oil content. The RSM and ANN+GA models showed R2 values of 0.9891 and 0.9999 respectively, indicating that both models exhibited a good fit to the experimental data. However, ANN+GA provided a greater proportion of the total variability, which facilitates the identification of the optimal parameters for the extraction of oil from lucuma seeds. Compared to the Soxhlet method, the LSO obtained by SCF presented better acidity (4.127 mg KOH/g), iodine (100.294 g I2/100 g), and refraction indices (1.4710), as well as to a higher content of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Supercritical CO2 extraction is presented as a sustainable green alternative to Soxhlet extraction for extracting oil from lucuma seed due to its high extraction efficiency and similar fatty acid profile.
Interpersonal liking, cultural belonging, and heritage language: exploring the role of metaperception in interaction between heritage speakers of Vietnamese
Authors: Le Thao-Nguyen Nina , Trofimovich Pavel , McDonough Kim , Sato Masatoshi
Published: December 2024

Metaperceptions (or the impressions people believe to make on others) are a potential source of misconception in conversations involving members of the same ethnic community. We investigated whether speakers’ tendency to underestimate how they are perceived by others has consequences for future interaction. In this quantitative study, we paired 46 previously unacquainted speakers of Vietnamese as a heritage language (23 second-generation speakers, 23 recent immigrants) for two conversations. The speakers in each pair, recruited through convenience sampling, were similar in age (all young adults, with a range of 18–39 years). Each pair included one second-generation speaker born in Canada, age-matched with one immigrant, with a balanced distribution of speakers’ gender (eight pairs of women, seven pairs of men, and eight mixed pairs). After each conversation, the speakers used a 100-point scale to assess each other’s interpersonal liking, cultural belonging, and heritage language ability, provided their metaperceptions for their partner’s ratings, and assessed their willingness to engage in future interaction. Results of statistical comparisons (ANOVAs, correlations) indicated that all speakers underestimated how their partner perceived their interpersonal liking and heritage language (but not cultural belonging), but all ratings improved over time. However, only Vietnam-born speakers seemed to factor their perceived cultural belonging into their willingness to engage in future communication. We discuss implications of these findings for intragroup cohesion and contact.
Didactic impact of educational robotics on the development of STEM competence in primary education: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Trapero-González Irene , Hinojo-Lucena Francisco Javier , Romero-Rodríguez José-María , Martínez-Menéndez Alejandro
Published: December 2024

As robotics become increasingly present in about every area of the human daily life scheme, their presence in the educational world has become increasingly common, especially with regard to earlier stages and in relation to disciplines framed within the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) concept, given its innate links to these programmable companions. Consequentially, the main objective of this study is to analyze the evolution in time of robotic learning mediation of STEM-based teaching and learning in the Primary Education stage. To achieve this objective, a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis were conducted to retrieve experiences of interest (n = 13; n = 8). The present study indicates that, despite certain hiatuses, this educational research field has been of global increasing interest, implementing a variety of robotic-related products that, in the end, have been reported to cause a moderate benefit regarding the acquisition and strengthening of STEM competences. Future research lines are discussed, pointing to the urgent need to establish a framework of reference for didactic planning around these resources in order to extend their use to every potential teacher in the target stage.
Striving for excellence: assessing the impact of university strategies on enhancing student services in Albanian public higher education
Authors: Leskaj Etleva , Leskaj Alfred , Lipi Rudina
Published: December 2024

This paper examines the role of university strategies in enhancing student services, to create a conducive and supportive learning environment. Recognizing that the quality of student services is integral to students’ academic success, well-being, and overall experience, universities worldwide are increasingly prioritizing strategic initiatives to improve service delivery. This research synthesizes existing literature and empirical evidence to analyze the diverse strategies used by universities to improve student services and their impact on student satisfaction, retention, and success. In this article, the authors relied on secondary research in the literature of the field, as well as primary research, to fulfill the aim of this study, which is to assess student satisfaction with the services offered by higher education institutions based on their perspective, as an essential indicator for the implementation of the University’s strategy and the achievement of the objectives of this strategy. This study is based on Parasuraman’s Servqual model. The dependent variable in this study is the overall satisfaction of students at the University of Tirana. The independent variables are tangibleness, assurance, response, reliability, and empathy. The objectives are to: identify the dimensions of service quality; examine the relationship between the dimensions of service quality and student satisfaction; and assess the impact of each of the five dimensions of service quality individually on student satisfaction. The paper highlights empathy and reliability as important dimensions influencing student satisfaction. Recognizing this, the university should prioritize personalized attention to students, demonstrating a readiness to address their concerns and establish efficient channels for problem-solving. Based on the findings, the authors have made several recommendations, emphasizing the importance of student-centered approaches, institutional commitment, and strategic alignment in providing a supportive and enriching educational experience that supports student success and well-being.
Subclinical/overt hypothyroidism may be associated with diminished ovarian reserve in infertile women independent of thyroid autoimmunity
Authors: Zhang Hongzhan , Qiu Han , Liu Zhiqiang , Wu Yulian , Liu Wei , Huang Chunyu
Published: December 2024

Objective

To investigate the association between thyroid dysfunction or thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) and diminished ovarian reserve (DOR).

Methods

A total of 2,867 women undergoing their first in-vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle at Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital between January 1, 2013 and June 30, 2021, were enrolled in this study. The participants had documented thyroid and ovarian reserve metrics. They were categorized into three groups based on their thyroid function: normal thyroid function (N = 2,540), subclinical/overt hypothyroidism (SCH/OH) (N = 290), and subclinical/overt hyperthyroidism (N = 37). Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and antral follicle count (AFC) were assessed and collected. Women with AMH <1.2 ng/mL and AFC < 5 were diagnosed with DOR. Basic characteristics and ovarian reserve-related parameters were compared among the three groups. The association between thyroid function and ovarian reserve function was further analyzed using logistical regression analyses. In addition, the euthyroid population was stratified using a thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) threshold of 2.5 µIU/mL, and the ovarian reserve-related parameters were compared among women with low-normal TSH (TSH < 2.5 µIU/mL), high-normal TSH (2.5 µIU/mL ≤ TSH ≤ 4.2 µIU/mL) and SCH/OH.

Results

Women with SCH/OH had lower AMH levels (2.79 ng/mL vs. 3.41 ng/mL, P < 0.001) and a significantly higher prevalence of AMH level < 1.2ng/mL (17.2% vs. 12.1%, P = 0.015) compared to those with normal thyroid function. The prevalence of DOR was also higher among women with SCH/OH (10.0% vs. 6.5%, P = 0.036). There were no significant differences in ovarian reserve between women with normal thyroid function and those with subclinical/overt hyperthyroidism. Logistic regression analyses showed that the odds ratio (OR) of women with SCH/OH suffering from DOR was 1.666 (95% CI: 1.079-2.572) compared to those with normal thyroid function, after adjusting for TAI status and basic clinical characteristics. When the euthyroid group was stratified according to TSH levels, women with SCH/OH showed significantly lower AMH levels compared to women with low-normal TSH (2.79 ng/mL vs. 3.44 ng/mL, P < 0.001) and a significantly higher prevalence of DOR (10.0% vs. 6.0%, P = 0.010). Logistic regression analyses showed that the women with SCH/OH had an increased prevalence of DOR (OR: 1.819, 95% CI: 1.158-2.858) compared to those with low-normal TSH, after adjusting for TAI status and basic clinical characteristics. However, the OR for DOR among women with high-normal TSH was not significantly elevated compared to those with low-normal TSH (OR: 1.310, 95% CI: 0.936-1.832).

Conclusion

SCH/OH may be associated with DOR, irrespective of TAI status.
DMOIT: denoised multi-omics integration approach based on transformer multi-head self-attention mechanism
Authors: Liu Zhe , Park Taesung
Published: December 2024

Multi-omics data integration has become increasingly crucial for a deeper understanding of the complexity of biological systems. However, effectively integrating and analyzing multi-omics data remains challenging due to their heterogeneity and high dimensionality. Existing methods often struggle with noise, redundant features, and the complex interactions between different omics layers, leading to suboptimal performance. Additionally, they face difficulties in adequately capturing intra-omics interactions due to simplistic concatenation techiniques, and they risk losing critical inter-omics interaction information when using hierarchical attention layers. To address these challenges, we propose a novel Denoised Multi-Omics Integration approach that leverages the Transformer multi-head self-attention mechanism (DMOIT). DMOIT consists of three key modules: a generative adversarial imputation network for handling missing values, a sampling-based robust feature selection module to reduce noise and redundant features, and a multi-head self-attention (MHSA) based feature extractor with a noval architecture that enchance the intra-omics interaction capture. We validated model porformance using cancer datasets from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), conducting two tasks: survival time classification across different cancer types and estrogen receptor status classification for breast cancer. Our results show that DMOIT outperforms traditional machine learning methods and the state-of-the-art integration method MoGCN in terms of accuracy and weighted F1 score. Furthermore, we compared DMOIT with various alternative MHSA-based architectures to further validate our approach. Our results show that DMOIT consistently outperforms these models across various cancer types and different omics combinations. The strong performance and robustness of DMOIT demonstrate its potential as a valuable tool for integrating multi-omics data across various applications.
Insights into diagnostic difficulties in spinal muscular atrophy: a Case Report series
Authors: Bregvadze Kakha , Abashishvili Luka , Tatishvili Nana Nino , Shatirishvili Teona , Bedoshvili Ana , Chikvinidze Gocha , Rolfs Arndt , Skrahina Volha , Tkemaladze Tinatin
Published: December 2024

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a progressive neuromuscular disorder caused by mutations in SMN1, with disease severity influenced by the number of SMN2 copies. Although SMA is one of the most common autosomal recessive disorders, molecular diagnosis still presents challenges. We present a case series illustrating the variable clinical presentations and diagnostic complexities of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Case 1 highlights the importance of multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and sequencing for detecting heterozygous deletions and novel variants. Case 2 highlights the limitations of neonatal screening, in which a heterozygous deletion was overlooked. Case 3 demonstrates the need for thorough clinical examination and relevant genetic testing in patients with dual diagnoses, in this case Down syndrome and SMA. In cases 4, 5, and 6, the pseudodominant inheritance pattern is examined in a familial context, highlighting the need for thorough genetic analysis. The presented case series emphasizes the diagnostic challenges and the crucial role of various molecular techniques in the accurate diagnosis and management of SMA.
Two rare cases of severe community-acquired bloodstream infections: a clinical case report
Authors: Meng Li-Na , Li Gang
Published: December 2024

Background

The escalating demographic shift towards an aging population and the widespread occurrence of immunological diseases have contributed to an elevation in the frequency of community-acquired infections. Notably, among these infections, community-acquired bloodstream infections (CABSI) stand out due to their significant lethality. Detailed medical history inquiries, assessment of underlying immune status, detection of the source of infection, and initial precise identification and treatment of the infectious agents can improve the prognosis of CABSI.

Case description

In this paper, two incidences of severe CABSI with insidious onset and rapid progression are described. Both patients had compromised basic immunity: one developed the infection following unhygienic dietary practices, and the other after repeated enemas leading to intestinal damage. Blood genomic sequencing revealed the presence of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus in the respective cases, with the origin of the infection traced back to the gastrointestinal tract. Both patients experienced positive outcomes following targeted antibiotic therapy, fluid resuscitation, support for organ function, and surgical interventions. Nevertheless, one patient manifested dry gangrene in the extremities during the course of treatment, potentially associated with the administration of vasoconstrictor drugs, considering the compromised baseline vascular conditions.

Conclusion

Clinicians are advised to expeditiously uncover concealed medical histories and potential sources of infection in patients, thoroughly investigate the origin of the infection, and initiate early genomic testing to ascertain the specific nature of the infection. This proactive approach aims to facilitate precise treatment strategies and, consequently, enhance the overall prognosis.
PgRNA closely correlates to cytokine profile in HBeAg-positive pregnant women undergoing prophylactic antiviral intervention
Authors: Tang Qiao , Wang Chunrui , Li Hu , Chen Zhiwei , Liu Xiaoqing , Xue Yunling , Qiu Yue , Zeng Yi , Hu Peng
Published: December 2024

Background

Previous studies primarily focused on the effects of ALT and virology, but there is a lack of research on the correlations of HBcrAg and pgRNA, two novel virologic markers, with immunological parameters in pregnant women with CHB undergoing prophylactic antiviral intervention.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving 28 HBeAg-positive pregnant women with CHB undergoing prophylactic antiviral intervention. Clinical data, virological markers (HBV DNA, HBsAg, HBeAg, HBcrAg and pgRNA) and 28 cytokines were detected at three time points: 24-28 weeks gestation (before prophylactic antiviral intervention), near birth and within 3 months postpartum.

Results

PgRNA was moderately (correlation coefficient between 0.4 and 0.6) positively correlated with Th1-type cytokines (IFN-γ, IL12p70, IL2, and TNF-α), Th17-type cytokines (IL21), Th2-type cytokines (IL10, IL4, and IL5), and cytokines regulating cell proliferation and differentiation (CTLA4, IL15, IL23, and TGF-β1) and moderately negatively correlated with EGF (correlation coefficient = -0.4), while ALT, HBV-DNA, HBsAg and HBcrAg were insignificantly correlated with cytokines at 24-28 weeks of gestation. Most cytokines tended to be elevated, with statistically significant increases observed only for the chemokines IP10 and MCP-1 during pregnancy. Most cytokines were significantly increased in postpartum women with virologic rebound after treatment discontinuation postpartum, but no significant change in the Th1/Th2 ratio. Changes in virologic markers were significantly correlated with cytokines. Immune activation was more pronounced in postpartum women who developed ALT flare compared to who did not, with Th1-type cytokines (especially IL12p40) and chemokines being main differential cytokines.

Conclusion

PgRNA was more closely correlated with cytokine profiles, and postpartum ALT flare may be the result of the interaction between Th1-type cytokines and chemokines.
A first scoring approach for evaluating the European Ocean Observing Community
Authors: Hassoun Abed El Rahman , Tanhua Toste , Heslop Emma , Lips Inga , Álvarez Marta , Petihakis George , García-Ibáñez Maribel I. , Velaoras Dimitris , Giani Michele , Bange Hermann W. , Lønborg Christian , Karstensen Johannes
Published: December 2024

The European Ocean Observing Community (EOOC) integrates inputs from diverse entities dedicated to comprehensively monitoring and forecasting oceanic phenomena in European Seas. With increasing climate and anthropogenic pressures, the urgency of ensuring the EOOC’s preparedness to observe Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) is evident. This paper advocates for the adoption of a scoring approach designed to evaluate the readiness of the EOOC in observing and forecasting key ocean phenomena. The proposed scoring methodology can be applied at both European and potentially regional and/or national levels, and emerges as a transformative tool for scrutinizing the EOOC’s capability to predict and monitor key ocean phenomena. Our findings, based on the application of the scoring approach, suggest that while the community demonstrates commendable readiness levels for certain oceanic phenomena, 83% remain in developing stages, oscillating between “Idea” and “Trial” readiness levels. A closer examination exposes critical shortages predominantly in the coordination and observational facets (Process), and data management and information products (Output). The implications of these identified gaps reach far beyond academic realms, profoundly affecting diverse sectors and societal resilience (e.g., energy sector). The suggested scoring approach serves as a clear call for strategic investments and heightened support for the European observing community. By adopting a regular and systematic scoring methodology, we not only measure progress at present but also pave the way for a resilient and future-ready EOOC.
A survey of attitudes towards the curriculum for clinical medicine postgraduates pursuing professional master’s degrees: perspectives of supervisors and students
Authors: Xu Rui , Wu Jing , Jin Xin , Tang Min , Pang Caishuang , Yang Zhu , Yu Huarong
Published: December 2024

Background

Based on the recommendation of the Ministry of Education in China to differentiate between “academic” and “professional” degrees, medical schools offer both professional and academic degrees for postgraduates. In China, clinical postgraduates who are pursuing a professional master’s degree also participate in standardised residency training (SRT). However, little attention has been given to feedback from students and supervisors regarding postgraduate curricula.

Methods

An online questionnaire was designed for clinical postgraduates with professional master’s degrees and their supervisors at Chongqing Medical University (CQMU), China. A total of 544 questionnaires from postgraduates and 220 questionnaires from supervisors were included for analysis.

Results

Regarding the positive effect of public courses on professional research, 20.04% of clinical professional master’s degree students reported “a significant positive effect.” Compared with public courses, more postgraduates (33.46%) reported that professional courses had a “significant positive effect” on clinical work (χ2 = 25.00, p < 0.05). A total of 49.64% of respondents with clinical professional master’s degrees reported at least some repetition between postgraduate public courses and undergraduate courses. Of the postgraduates, 47.43% preferred online learning for public courses, whereas supervisors tended to prefer mixed online and offline learning. A total of 66.73% of postgraduates and 64.55% of supervisors suggested that public alternative courses should be offered to meet the needs of postgraduates. “Mental and health emotion management” and “employment and entrepreneurship guidance” were the public alternative courses that were most strongly preferred by both postgraduates and supervisors. With respect to improvements in self-knowledge and ability through different forms of professional learning, the responses of postgraduates and supervisors differed. According to postgraduates, the most effective type of learning was “participation in research projects,” whereas supervisors believed that “professional courses” were the most effective.

Conclusion

There are differences between clinical postgraduates pursuing professional master’s degrees and their supervisors in terms of attitudes towards public and professional curricula. The results of this study may provide guidance to improve public and professional curricula for clinical professional master’s degree students.
Association of perioperative initiation of gabapentin versus pregabalin with kidney function: a target trial emulation study
Authors: He Yanfang , Mo Liqian , Li Juan , Lu Dongying , Niu Jinlei , Li Ying , Zeng Qiying , Gao Yueming
Published: December 2024

Background

Gabapentinoids, such as gabapentin and pregabalin, are opioid substitutes commonly included in perioperative multimodal analgesia regimens. We investigated whether the initiation of gabapentin and pregabalin during the perioperative period have varying effects on the adverse renal outcomes.

Methods

This study included adult participants who received surgery in the INSPIRE database. The exposure of interest was the initiation of pregabalin or gabapentin during the perioperative period. The primary outcome was renal function decline. Secondary outcomes included incident chronic kidney disease (CKD), hospital-acquired acute kidney injury (AKI), and in-hospital mortality. We conducted a propensity score to balance the baseline characteristics. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of the initiation of gabapentin compared with pregabalin.

Results

Among 640 pairs of pregabalin and gabapentin initiators in the matched cohort, the initiation of gabapentin was associated with a higher risk of kidney function decline (HR, 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–1.89) as compared with pregabalin. After excluding participants who were diagnosed with CKD at the baseline, the initiation of gabapentin was associated with a higher risk of incident CKD (HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.03–2.05) as compared with pregabalin. For the in-hospital outcomes, the proportion of AKI and mortality were similar between participants initiating gabapentin and pregabalin. In addition, the risk of kidney function decline did not vary across each subgroup.

Conclusion

The initiation of gabapentin during the perioperative period was associated with a higher risk of kidney function decline and incident CKD as compared with pregabalin.
A decade of iron overload disorders and hemochromatosis: clinical and genetic findings from a specialized center in Colombia
Authors: Cristancho L. C. Quiroga , Urbano María Alejandra , Nati-Castillo H. A. , Obando María Alejandra , Gómez-Gutiérrez Rigoberto , Izquierdo-Condoy Juan S.
Published: December 2024

Background

Iron overload disorders, including hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), are characterized by excessive iron accumulation, which can cause severe organ damage. HH is most associated with the C282Y mutation in Caucasian populations, but its prevalence and genetic profiles in Latin American populations remain underexplored.

Objectives

To describe the clinical manifestations, genetic profiles, and biochemical characteristics of patients with suspected iron overload disorders in a specialized hematology center in Cali, Colombia.

Methods

A retrospective observational study was conducted on 70 patients diagnosed with iron overload disorders between 2014 and 2024. Data on clinical presentation, laboratory results, imaging, and genetic mutations were collected. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and logistic regression, were used to evaluate factors associated with HH diagnosis.

Results

Male patients constituted 64.3% of the sample, with a mean age of 56.1 years at diagnosis. Fatigue (27.1%) and joint pain (17.1%) were the most common symptoms. Of the total sample, 32.9% were diagnosed with hemochromatosis. The H63D mutation was the most prevalent (52.2%), while the C282Y mutation was rare. A predominance of both slight (100.0%) and limitrophe (58.3%) iron overload was identified among patients with hemochromatosis (p = 0.036).

Conclusion

Colombian patients with iron overload disorders show clinical, epidemiological, and biochemical profiles consistent with global patterns, yet exhibit distinct genetic diversity. Notably, they have a low prevalence of the C282Y mutation and a higher prevalence of the H63D mutation, differing from European HH profiles. Despite elevated ferritin and transferrin saturation, no significant clinical symptoms were observed, suggesting potential delays in diagnosis. These findings highlight the need for early, region-specific diagnostic approaches to prevent complications like cirrhosis and underscore the importance of further genetic research across Latin America.
Association of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in adults with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Zhang Ying , Zhang Ai-Hua , Li Rong-Li , Li Wen-Jun , Liu Yun , Li Teng
Published: December 2024

Background and objective

Inflammation is key to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) development. Nevertheless, the correlation between the inflammatory marker, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and the MASLD prognosis remains unclear. We aim to determine the link between NLR and mortality risk in MASLD.

Methods

The MASLD adult participants from the 1999–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database were evaluated. Utilizing restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses, as well as Cox proportional hazards (PH) models, the associations between NLR and all-cause mortality (ACM) and cardiovascular mortality (CVM) were analyzed in MASLD. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were conducted to validate these associations. Moreover, we used sensitivity analyses to ascertain the robustness of the results.

Results

Through 115 months of median follow-up, 2,307 of the 16,859 participants with MASLD died, including 650 deaths from cardiovascular causes. RCS analyses showed positive linear associations between NLR and both ACM and CVM. In the multivariable-adjusted Cox PH model, a one-unit elevation in NLR was related to a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12–1.21) for ACM and 1.21 (95% CI: 1.15–1.27) for CVM. Participants were classified into higher (≥ 2.88) and lower (< 2.88) NLR groups employing the maximally selected rank statistics. The higher NLR group had a significantly elevated ACM (HR 1.38, 95% CI: 1.23–1.55) and CVM (HR 1.64, 95% CI: 1.32–2.03) risk compared to the lower NLR group. The associations were consistent in subgroup analyses based on age, gender, BMI, hypertension, and diabetes, with no significant interaction between NLR and these characteristics. Sensitivity analyses affirmed the main outcome’s robustness.

Conclusion

A raised NLR independently predicts escalated ACM and CVM in MASLD.
A bespoke water T–maze apparatus and protocol: an optimized, reliable, and repeatable method for screening learning, memory, and executive functioning in laboratory mice
Authors: Bailoo Jeremy Davidson , Bergeson Susan E. , Ponomarev Igor , Willms Joshua O. , Kisby Brent R. , Cornwall Gail A. , MacDonald Clinton C. , Lawrence J. Josh , Ganapathy Vadivel , Sivaprakasam Sathish , Panthagani Praneetha , Trasti Scott , Varholick Justin A. , Findlater Michael , Deonarine Amrika
Published: December 2024

The Morris Water Maze (MWM) is the most commonly used assay for evaluating learning and memory in laboratory mice. Despite its widespread use, contemporary reviews have highlighted substantial methodological variation in experimental protocols and that the associated testing procedures are acutely (each trial) and chronically (testing across days) stressful; stress impairs attention, memory consolidation and the retrieval of learned information. Moreover, the interpretation of behavior within the MWM is often difficult because of wall hugging, non-spatial swim strategies, floating, and jumping off the escape platform. Together, these issues may compromise the reproducibility, generalizability, and predictability of experimental results, as well as animal welfare. To address these issues, and as an initial proof-of-principle, we first narrowed the spatial dimensions of the MWM by using a T-insert, which constrained and reduced the overall length of time/distance that the animal must swim in order to navigate to the escape platform, thus reducing stress and off-task behavior. Given the robust performance observed across spatial acquisition (learning and memory) as well as during reversal learning (executive function), we further reduced (by 43%) the overall distance and time that the animal must swim in order to find the escape platform in a bespoke standalone Water T-Maze (WTM). We show, across five experiments, procedural refinements to our protocol and demonstrate robust, reliable and reproducible indicators of learning, memory and executive functioning in a task that is also significantly more efficient (3 days of testing within the WTM vs. 11 days of testing within the MWM). Taken together, our WTM apparatus and protocol are a significant improvement over other water-based apparatuses and protocols for evaluating learning, memory, and executive functioning in laboratory mice.
Müller cells and retinal angiogenesis: critical regulators in health and disease
Authors: Medina-Arellano Alan E. , Albert-Garay Jesús Silvestre , Medina-Sánchez Tania , Fonseca Karla Hernández , Ruiz-Cruz Matilde , Ochoa-de la Paz Lenin
Published: December 2024

Müller cells are the most abundant glial cells in the mammalian retina. Their morphology and metabolism enable them to be in close contact and interact biochemically and physically with almost all retinal cell types, including neurons, pericytes, endothelial cells, and other glial cells, influencing their physiology by releasing bioactive molecules. Studies indicate that Müller glial cells are the primary source of angiogenic growth factor secretion in the neuroretina. Because of this, over the past decade, it has been postulated that Müller glial cells play a significant role in maintaining retinal vascular homeostasis, with potential implications in vasoproliferative retinopathies. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms by which Müller glial cells influence retinal angiogenesis in health and disease, with a particular emphasis on three of the retinopathies with the most significant impact on visual health worldwide: diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, and age-related macular degeneration.
Case report: Therapeutic response to lorlatinib in advanced large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung and breast cancer: a heterochronous double malignancy perspective
Authors: Mu Xiaoli , Li Yan
Published: December 2024

Background

Driver mutations in tyrosine kinases, such as the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutation, are known to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) but are rarely observed in large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC). Multiple primary malignancies (MPMs) refer to the occurrence of two or more distinct primary malignancies within the same or different organs and tissues in a single patient, either simultaneously or sequentially.

Case Presentation

We reported a case of advanced LCNEC as a heterochronous double primary malignancy, following a prior breast cancer diagnosis in a 55-year-old woman. Ten years after achieving remission from breast cancer, the patient was diagnosed with LCNEC, presenting with multiple brain metastases (BMs) after undergoing surgery and adjuvant radiochemotherapy. She tested positive for the ALK fusion gene and received lorlatinib as an initial treatment. After 6 weeks, there was a significant reduction in the tumor, and the treatment impact was evaluated as a partial response. The treatment has been continued for over 25 months since the initiation of ALK Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (ALK-TKI) therapy.

Conclusion

This case suggested that ALK-positive advanced LCNEC patients might benefit from first-line intervention with lorlatinib, particularly for managing brain metastases.
Case Report: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding and multiorgan injury caused by ethylicin poisoning
Authors: Hu Wensi , Li Tongyao , Du Yu , Yang Mingyang , Liu Si , He Songbai , Long Qian , Fan Xing , Zhou Zinan , Li Xiaoyuan , Liu Junzhao
Published: December 2024

Ethylicin is a pesticide with excellent bactericidal ability. The incidence of poisoning has increased in recent years with the widespread use of ethylicin in green agriculture, but reports are lacking. In this study, we described three cases of oral ethylicin poisoning. Patients developed severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding after oral administration of ethylicin. Gastroscopy showed extensive mucosal erosions and ulcerations in the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. Impaired consciousness, multiorgan injury, irreversible shock, and cardiac arrest were observed in cases where larger doses of ethylicin were ingested. Patients were treated with comprehensive therapeutic measures, including total gastrointestinal decontamination, medications such as proton pump inhibitors and somatostatin to reduce gastric bleeding. Endoscopic hemostasis was performed when pharmacologic hemostasis was not effective. Parenteral nutritional support and organ function support were given. In patients’ follow up, esophageal stenosis and dysphagia during feeding was noted, which severely affected the quality of life. Ethylicin poisoning has been a public health problem and the awareness should be raised.