bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Exploration of Machine Learning Methods for Biometric Identification Based on Keystroke Dynamics
Authors: Filiz Didem , Tanrıöver Ömer Özgür
Published: September 2019

In this chapter, authors explore keystroke dynamics as behavioral biometrics and effectiveness of state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms for identifying and authenticating users based on keystroke data. One of the motivations is to explore the use of classifiers to the field keystroke dynamics. In different settings, recent machine learning models have been effective with limited data and computationally relatively inexpensive. Therefore, authors conducted experiments with two different keystroke dynamics datasets with limited data. They demonstrated the effectiveness of models on dataset obtained from touch screen devices (mobile phones) and also on normal keyboard. Although there are similar recent studies which explore different classification algorithms, their main aim has been anomaly detection. But authors experimented with classification methods for user identification and authentication using two different keystroke datasets from touchscreens and keyboards.
Political Campaigning by Super PACs in the Computer Age
Authors: Klotz Robert John
Published: September 2019

Video communication during political campaigns is undertaken on television and on the internet. The landscape of videos on television is familiar to all – a sprawling field of brief ads. The differences between television and the Internet mean that different sources of video communication might be favored depending on the medium. In this chapter, the sources of the most popular videos in contemporary political campaigns on the internet will be examined. Specifically, the study examines the sources of the most visible campaign videos on YouTube during the 2018 Senate elections in the United States. Special attention is paid to the relative prominence of Super PACs as a source of campaign videos.
The Wisconsin Spring After Two Gubernatorial Elections
Authors: Manrique Cecilia G.
Published: September 2019

Eight years have passed since the original Arab Spring in Tunisia took place in January 2011. It has been almost six years since the impact of the Wisconsin Spring on Scott Walker's attempts at policy changes in the state occurred. At that time, the effect of social media on public awareness and public participation in political events was considered new and innovative. Since then, Walker won a recall election and a re-election. He made a run for the Presidency and lost. In November 2018, Scott Walker was unseated in the gubernatorial race by Tony Evers. This chapter updates what has transpired since then and the impact of social media on the events in Wisconsin, determining whether social media impacted public opinion, political participation, and electoral outcomes in the state.
Preaching to the Choir
Authors: Stumpf Peter Bence
Published: September 2019

A main topic of the 2018 election campaign in Hungary was strategic voting, seen as an opportunity for opposition parties to remove the governing coalition from power. Strategic split-ticket voting was incentivized by the political context and the electoral system and was further facilitated by a limited cooperation between opposition political forces. Nonetheless, demand-side coordination was indispensable in this aspect. While social media was an important channel during the campaign, it was not crucial for strategic voting as it was mostly used to reinforce the positions of candidates among their own supporters, “preaching to the choir”. The influence of strategically split ballots can be measured in seat shares by modeling what would have happened if there was no coordination and cooperation at all. Results indicate that strategic votes transferred a total of 15 seats from the governing parties to the opposition political blocs, however this was not enough to prevent the decisive victory of the Fidesz-KDNP and another two-thirds supermajority in the Hungarian National Assembly.
Organizing With Self-Organization?
Authors: Novais Rui Alexandre
Published: September 2019

This chapter aims at exploring the ramifications of the strategic usage of Facebook in informal civic activism against the yet-to-be-studied case of an African third wave democratic country. Focusing on the emergence of Sokols up to the unprecedented 2017 street demonstration in Cape Verde, it reviews findings from a multidimensional empiric-holistic method that addresses the associated role of Facebook. The study confirms the existence of a heterarchical and distributed leadership alongside a horizontal and collaborative decision-making arrangement in a Facebook-mediated civic activism movement. While corroborating the tendency of grassroots activism in adopting a hybrid blend of online and offline, it concludes that Facebook was used in support of the largely self-organized Sokols movement and the loosely structured street demonstration held in São Vicente. However, besides not necessarily changing the fundamental structures of the civic activism movement—including organization, leadership, decision-making and protest staging—Facebook only supplemented the offline practices.
Capital and Liquidity Regulations, Resilience, and Bank Value
Authors: Khan Md. Atiqur Rahman
Published: September 2019

In the business arena, particularly in the field of corporate finance, the scope of valuation is highly significant. There are several value drivers for a firm. However, due to its nature of business, a bank's valuation is affected by several unique drivers including earnings diversification, risk capabilities, assets mix, and a lot of intangible factors. Since banking is a highly regulated sector, this chapter is designed to address the missing links between Basel capital and liquidity regulations, banking system resilience, and bank valuation.
Customer Experience in the Coffee World
Authors: de Luca Patrizia , Pegan Giovanna , Vianelli Donata
Published: September 2019

This chapter contributes to understanding the customer experience of the in-store environment by analyzing the business of coffee shops in the United States (U.S.) market. After a brief overview of the evolution of coffee shops and a short analysis of the management literature on coffee shops, in the last decade, the main findings of the qualitative research are presented. The chapter outlines the features of the U.S. coffee shop landscape and explores American consumers' perception of the coffee shop experience using the nethnographic research method. The results show a complex picture from the offer and the demand perspective that could also contribute to supporting coffee companies in managing customer experience strategy in the large and multicultural North American market.
An Empirical Investigation to Improve Information Sharing in Online Settings
Authors: Castaldo Sandro , Grosso Monica
Published: September 2019

Internet merchants are compelled to collect personal information from customers in order to exploit ICT development potential in managing the relationships with them. However, lack of control on data provided and unethical behaviors that emerged in several scandals has led to many potential customers demonstrating growing concerns about disclosing personal information to companies. This chapter analyzes the interaction between two strategies that firms can use to alter potential customers' cost/benefit evaluation and increase information disclosure: the development of initial trust and compensation. The derived hypotheses are tested by means of three experimental studies, whose findings are compared across two different consumer target groups that potentially show different behaviors regarding digital technologies: students vs. working people.
Innovative Marketing Strategies in Academic Libraries
Authors: Waral Nancy L.
Published: September 2019

Advancements of Science and Technology have made a tremendous impact on all walks of life. Library and Information centers are no exception. The ICT-based marketing techniques are employed in libraries in an innovative way to maximize the usage. A similar approach can be followed in academic libraries, especially in higher educational institutions with an intention to maximize the use library resources to user's satisfaction. In this context, the chapter analyzes the various facets of marketing techniques in academic libraries. This chapter highlights the intention of academic libraries to use the resources at maximum level. The library home page in the institutional websites and links provided in them to the variety of e-resources play a pivotal role. Social Medias, blogs, and other promotional materials are extensively used as innovative marketing strategies in academic libraries. Efforts to familiarize the library professionals in adopting different marketing strategies help to use the resources at optimum level.
Attitude of Library and Information Science Professionals Towards Resource Sharing and Networking of Academic Libraries
Authors: Ramadhas G.  , Suman Sankar A. S.
Published: September 2019

Information explosion is the common phenomenon in the modern era in which no library can stand alone in fulfilling the information needs and requirements of its users. Resource sharing provides the means to maximize the usage of library collection irrespective of its type. Networking of libraries facilitates resource sharing among the participating libraries in an effective manner and it indirectly facilitates marketing of library sources among a group of libraries. Technology alone is not sufficient to bring together the sources. The attitudes of the people involved in the information dissemination are also a decisive factor in determining the success of resource sharing through networking of libraries. This chapter presents the attitude of information professionals for effective resource sharing and networking of academic libraries in the southern districts of Tamil Nadu, India. The study revealed that library and information science professionals have a positive attitude towards resource sharing and networking of libraries.
Plagiarism
Authors: Shukla Praveen , Das Chandrima
Published: September 2019

Plagiarism is using other's writing without properly crediting the author. The act itself may involve a violation of copyright. It definitely violates academic ethics. In the age of the internet, proliferation of information available online has made it extremely easy to plagiarize. There are various types of plagiarism and academic misconduct, though scholars often disagree as to exactly what constitutes a proper definition of plagiarism. Very often teachers, as well as students, practice it in some form or other due to sheer ignorance. It is the responsibility of the teachers and the librarians to devise strategies to combat plagiarism within the academia by raising awareness within both the teaching and student communities.
Innovative Use of Open Educational Resources in the Higher Education Libraries
Authors: Prince G.  , Hariharan G.
Published: September 2019

Advancement in Science and Technology has made a tremendous impact on library and information centers. It has changed the traditional libraries and information centers into digital libraries, and library services are oriented towards ICT. As an outcome, e-resources are becoming more common among the libraries of higher educational institutions. They have gradually replaced the traditional print resources. Unfortunately, most of the libraries in the higher education sector except reputed institutions are facing a financial crunch situation. These institutions due to the limitation in the budget, find it hard to fulfill the information requirements of its users in the electronic environment. The cost of subscription to electronic resources goes beyond the purchasing capacity of the parent institution. Funding agencies at the institutions adopt consortia-based approach rather than individual institutional funding. In this context, open education resources fulfill the information requirements of the higher education institution. This chapter analyzes these open educational resources.
Designing Short-Term, Faculty-Led Study Abroad Programs
Authors: Tuzovic Sven
Published: September 2019

Study abroad education has become an increasingly important educational program for teaching global learning and intercultural competence, maturity, and sensitivity of students. However, tuition costs of study abroad tours can be daunting. Thus, the question arises how value can be defined and, more importantly, how value is created. This chapter adopts the lens of service-dominant logic (SDL) and value co-creation to suggest that students should be engaged as an active co-creator of their study abroad experience. Based on focus groups and an analysis of student reflection papers, this chapter proposes that the value process of short-term, faculty-led study abroad tours consists of three stages: (1) value proposition and potential, (2) resource integration and value co-creation, and (3) assessment of value realization. The framework provides faculty with a way to understand, adapt, and manage the resource integration and influence students' perceptions of their study abroad experience.
Influential Nodes Identification Based on Activity Behaviors and Network Structure With Personality Analysis in Egocentric Online Social Networks
Authors: Sarkar Dhrubasish , Debnath Soumyadeep , Kole Dipak K. , Jana Premananda
Published: September 2019

Online social network (OSN) platforms have become a place where the users share their details through various activities. Nowadays, OSNs have major impact not only on the users' lives but also on business and society. Organizations use OSN platforms to reach the target audiences and influential nodes may perform a major role to reach the target audience effectively and efficiently. In this article, a model has been proposed to identify influential nodes for a user in egocentric online social networks by considering the activity behaviors of the user and its network members along with network structure of the user. Finally, the personalities of both the user and the influencers has been analyzed using sentiment analysis and hashtag terms analysis. This article has derived a novel and efficient influence measurement model to evaluate an influence factor of each influential interacted node in the user's network for any of the classified social fields with sentiment types. To achieve that, the influence measurement process has been divided into three different categories namely behavioral influence, structural influence, and collaborative influence which is derived from the first two. Finally, the model for personality analysis has been incorporated.
Cyber Terrorism and Self-Radicalization - Emergent Phenomena of Onlife Age
Authors: Fisogni Primavera
Published: September 2019

This article seeks to propose a valuable frame for understanding which processes, either cognitive or practical, take part in the making of a terrorist act within the frame of the onlife region. A term recently coined, onlife, refers to the interacting/indistinguishable domain of online and offline world: this is the environment where today's global terrorism/extremism flourishes. This region of complexity and the phenomena that entails can valuably explored through the General System Theory (GST). In the first part of the paper how global terrorism is changing, moving into cyber terrorism, at the light of the GST, according to recent theoretical achievements in the field is described in detail. The second part will explore a case study of onlife terrorism perpetrated in New Zealand, in order to focus the passage from the ‘possible' idea of making a massacre to its effective performance, from onlife radicalization to the onlife event (a livestreamed attack filmed by the author) – through a deliberate use of the internet. At this point, the author will be able to come back to the question posed before, sketching some insights that might be valuable for cyber terrorism as well as for GST, especially for what concerns systemic processes within the moral domain.
To improve the Recovery of an Arab Stemmer for Information Retrieval
Authors: Bacha Khaireddine
Published: September 2019

The automatic processing of the Arabic language is a growing discipline, in which one sees more and more research and technologies to examine the specificities of this language and to propose tools necessary to the development of its automatic processing. The old techniques of rooting have limits that weaken the process of root extraction. In this article, the author proposes a new approach to rooting based on two finite state automata. The technique proposed is based on finite state automata in the root extraction process, with the aim of minimizing the error rate and ambiguity, usually due to the removal of the affixes. The author is currently focusing on the development and improvement of the rooting technique while trying to overcome the various problems encountered. The author is working on the compilation of a corpus of evaluation which will allow him to evaluate and compare their approach to others
Exploring Big Data Analytic Approaches to Cancer Blog Text Analysis
Authors: Raghupathi Viju , Zhou Yilu , Raghupathi Wullianallur
Published: September 2019

In this article, the authors explore the potential of a big data analytics approach to unstructured text analytics of cancer blogs. The application is developed using Cloudera platform's Hadoop MapReduce framework. It uses several text analytics algorithms, including word count, word association, clustering, and classification, to identify and analyze the patterns and keywords in cancer blog postings. This article establishes an exploratory approach to involving big data analytics methods in developing text analytics applications for the analysis of cancer blogs. Additional insights are extracted through various means, including the development of categories or keywords contained in the blogs, the development of a taxonomy, and the examination of relationships among the categories. The application has the potential for generalizability and implementation with health content in other blogs and social media. It can provide insight and decision support for cancer management and facilitate efficient and relevant searches for information related to cancer.
T Cell–Specific Adaptor Protein Regulates Mitochondrial Function and CD4+ T Regulatory Cell Activity In Vivo following Transplantation
Authors: Wedel Johannes , Stack Maria P. , Seto Tatsuichiro , Sheehan Matthew M. , Flynn Evelyn A. , Stillman Isaac E. , Kong Sek Won , Liu Kaifeng , Briscoe David M.
Published: September 2019

The T cell–specific adaptor protein (TSAd), encoded by the SH2D2A gene, is an intracellular molecule that binds Lck to elicit signals that result in cytokine production in CD4+ T effector cells (Teff). Nevertheless, using Sh2d2a knockout (KO; also called TSAd−/−) mice, we find that alloimmune CD4+ Teff responses are fully competent in vivo. Furthermore, and contrary to expectations, we find that allograft rejection is accelerated in KO recipients of MHC class II–mismatched B6.C-H-2bm12 heart transplants versus wild-type (WT) recipients. Also, KO recipients of fully MHC-mismatched cardiac allografts are resistant to the graft-prolonging effects of costimulatory blockade. Using adoptive transfer models, we find that KO T regulatory cells (Tregs) are less efficient in suppressing Teff function and they produce IFN-γ following mitogenic activation. In addition, pyrosequencing demonstrated higher levels of methylation of CpG regions within the Treg-specific demethylated region of KO versus WT Tregs, suggesting that TSAd, in part, promotes Treg stability. By Western blot, Lck is absent in the mitochondria of KO Tregs, and reactive oxygen species production by mitochondria is reduced in KO versus WT Tregs. Full transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that the key mechanism of TSAd function in Tregs relates to its effects on cellular activation rather than intrinsic effects on mitochondria/metabolism. Nevertheless, KO Tregs compensate for a lack of activation by increasing the number of mitochondria per cell. Thus, TSAd serves as a critical cell-intrinsic molecule in CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs to regulate the translocation of Lck to mitochondria, cellular activation responses, and the development of immunoregulation following solid organ transplantation.
Iron deficiency from the standpoint of cardiac rehabilitation: novel therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Malfatto Gabriella , Frisinghelli Anna , Ambrosetti Marco , La Rovere Maria Teresa , Motta Irene , Passaretti Bruno , Pavesi Marco , Tramarin Roberto , Dasseni Niccolò , Faggiano Pompilio
Published: September 2019

Anemia is one of the most frequent comorbidities found in patients with coronary artery disease and chronic heart failure (CHF) who are being followed in cardiac rehabilitation facilities. The more frequent type of anemia is caused by iron deficiency (IDA, iron-deficiency anemia): this review summarizes the state of the art of this topic. First of all, the mechanisms of IDA will be analyzed. Subsequently, a description of the main conditions where IDA can unfavorably affect the clinical course, and of its more frequent complications, will be presented (percutaneous interventions, heart surgery, CHF). Special attention will be paid in the description of anemia in the setting of CHF. To this regard, in recent years a relevant amount of research has been carried out, to determine whether treating anemia (either by directly stimulating erythropoiesis or by correcting iron deficiency by oral or intravenous route) is of any clinical and prognostic relevance in patients with CHF. The results of this research will, therefore, be summarized and critically discussed. Finally, we will outline the promising role of cardiac rehabilitation facilities and of its network of experts in the diagnosis, prognostic stratification, and treatment of anemia and iron deficiency.
An experiment to test a source of p and s wave energy
Authors: Wright C , Johnson P
Published: September 2019

A seismic source consisting of a 700 kg weight that could be dropped vertically or projected down a ramp inclined at 45° to the vertical was tested as a source of P, SV and SH waves within a crystalline rock body at Chalk River, Ontario. The seismic energy
was recorded by arrays of both horizontal and vertical-component geophones at distances between 30 and 600 m from the source, which was operated over glacial overburden varying in thickness from less than a metre to a few tens of metres. Seismic energy was more efficiently generated when the
overburden thicknesses were at least several metres. The signals identified visually as S are generally true S, though some may be the converted wave (P)S. The SV amplitudes are generally larger than those of P, regardless of the type of shot, while the signal frequencies are roughly 60 Hz and 90 Hz
respectively. The horizontal-component seismograms for the inclined shots showed no evidence of SH polarisation, and the SH amplitudes were only rarely enhanced relative to P and SV amplitudes on changing from vertical to inclined shots. These unexpected results are attributed to the combined effect
of the high velocity and density contrasts and the irregularity of the boundary between the glacial overburden and the rock body.
Induced seismicity at the LG-2 reservoir
Authors: Buchbinder G G R , Anglin F M
Published: September 2019

The construction of a rock and earthfilled dam in the La Grande river valley, Quebec has created a hydro-electric reservoir with a maximum depth of 145 m and a volume of 61.7x109 m3. No seismicity in this Precambrian shield region above magnitude 0.1 was observed
in the reservoir zone in the 27 months preceeding the filling. Microearthquakes of magnitude less than 1 started under the reservoir when a water depth of 90 m was reached after 30 days and this activity continued for about three months. A second series of microearthquakes began in the same active
zone when the rate of filling increased two fold. The seismically active area is confined to a zone 4x7 km and no deeper than 5 km. The microearthquakes are considered to be the result of minor reactivation of old faults under the reservoir in response to the increased pore
pressure.
Soil freezing around a buried pipeline: design of an experiment in a controlled environment facility
Authors: Burgess M , Lemaire G , Dupas A
Published: September 2019

This paper discusses the design, installation and instrumentation of a joint France-Canada project to study in detail freezing around a refrigerated pipeline buried in the controlled environment facility at the Centre de Géomorphologie of the Centre National
de la Recherche Scientifique, Caen, France. A 273 mm diamete r pipe is buried at a depth of 30 cm in a 18 m long x 8 m wide x 2 m deep pit. Half of the excavation (lengthwise) is filled with a non frost-susceptible sand and half with a frost - susceptible silt. The water table is positioned at the
top of the pipe and is maintained by supplying additional water to the base. A refrigeration system maintains the ambient temperature of the chamber at slightly below 0°C, and the temperature of the pipe at -2°C. A network of sensors is installed in each soil to monitor the thermal regime
(thermistors, thermocouples, frost tubes), the moisture regime (TOR probes, tensiometres, piezometres), ground heave (telescoping heave tubes, "doubles sondes") and pipe deformation and displacement (strain gauges, rods welded to pipe). An automatic data acquisition system is dedicated to
temperature measurements although all other instruments require manual observations.
Changes in absolute gravity of environmental origin
Authors: Jeudy L M A
Published: September 2019

Changes in the absolute determination of gravity at the Bureau Internationale des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) in Sèvres (near Paris), France over a period of four years (August 1967 - July 1971) are analyzed in terms of correlation with changes of other
environmental variables such as local atmospheric pressure, water table level, variation of latitude and Earth rotation rate. The present study proves a significant correlation with atmospheric pressure (-0.7 +/- 0.5 uGal/mb) and with UTO length of day variation (-10. +/- 5. uGal/ms, where the error
bounds are 2o units). In both cases the correlation significance is estimated by a variance ratio F test where the actually published standard errors and deduced covariances have been taken into account. The same test is used to prove the non-correlation with latitude variation (due to polar motion)
and water table level changes (River Seine water level). The results aare discussed and elastic homogeneous incompressible earth hypotheses are envisages.
Manual therapy interventions in the treatment of plantar fasciitis: A comparison of three approaches
Authors: Yelverton Christopher , Rama Sunil , Zipfel Bernhard
Published: September 2019

Background: Plantar fasciitis is one of the common causes of heel pain and a common musculoskeletal problem often observed by clinicians. Numerous options are available in treating plantar fasciitis conservatively, but no previous studies have compared combined conservative management protocols.Aim: The aim of this study was to compare manipulation of the foot and ankle and cross friction massage of the plantar fascia; cross friction massage of the plantar fascia and gastrocsoleus complex stretching; and a combination of the aforementioned protocols in the treatment of plantar fasciitis.Setting: This study was conducted at the University of Johannesburg, Chiropractic Day Clinic, and included participants that complied with relevant inclusion criteria.Methods: Forty-five participants between the ages of 18 and 50 years with heel pain for more than 3 months were divided into three groups and received one of the proposed treatment interventions. The data collected were range of motion (ROM) of the ankle (using a goniometer) and pain perception using the McGill Pain Questionnaire and Functional foot index and algometer.Results: The results of this study indicate that cross friction massage of the plantar fascia and stretching of the gastrocsoleus complex showed the greatest overall improvement in terms of reducing the pain and disability and ankle dorsiflexion ROM, whereas the combination group showed the greatest increase in plantar flexion.Conclusion: The results demonstrated that all three protocols had a positive effect on the ROM and pain perception to patients with plantar fasciitis.
A guiding framework for multi-stakeholder contracting in executive coaching
Authors: Burger Zelda , Van Coller-Peter Salome
Published: September 2019

Orientation: Multi-stakeholder contracting provides a platform for the coaching stakeholders: the individual being coached (client), the organisation (sponsor and line manager) and the coach for achieving aligned outcomes within executive coaching. Contracting is not optimally implemented by stakeholders in all three phases of executive coaching (commencement, execution and conclusion).Research purpose: The research’s purpose was to develop a guiding framework for multi-stakeholder contracting in each of the three phases of coaching.Motivation for the study: Stakeholders ensure outcomes achievement for the individual and the organisation in executive coaching. Limited research exists relating to the contractual elements and practices implemented by stakeholders during the three phases of coaching.Research approach/design and method: A qualitative, inductive, exploratory approach using purposive sampling was used to identify 12 participants, consisting of three: executive coaches, clients, line managers and sponsors from three corporate organisations. Participants were interviewed using a customised interview guide categorised into the three coaching phases.Main findings: Findings showed that contracting was included at the commencement coaching phase. The study indicated the advantages of contracting in all three coaching phases with all stakeholders emphasising phase-specific accountabilities.Practical/managerial implications: A guiding framework for multi-stakeholder contracting for each of the three phases of coaching could assist stakeholders; in particular human resource practitioners when contracting for executive coaching.Contribution/value-add: Outcomes alignment at the commencement phase, agreement on progress and results feedback during the execution and conclusion phases are enabled by implementing the guiding framework for multi-stakeholder contracting offered by this research.
Page kidney: A rare cause of secondary hypertension
Authors: Warnich Ilonka , Nicolaou Mark , Sofianos Zelia , Pienaar Jacobus A. , Varghese Jacob
Published: September 2019

Page kidney is a rare phenomenon that can present with hypertension. The presence of a subcapsular perirenal collection causes parenchymal compression leading to renal hypoperfusion. Subsequent activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system results in an increase in systemic blood pressure. The causes of renal subcapsular collections are varied, with most cases being secondary to post-traumatic haematomas. We present the case of a young hypertensive patient, treated as primary hypertension with persistently uncontrolled blood pressures. This was despite good treatment adherence. On further investigation, imaging identified the presence of bilateral subcapsular collections. This case illustrates the importance of a thorough workup in a young hypertensive patient with refractory hypertension. Given that Page kidney is curable, timeous intervention can save the patient from unnecessary medications and the morbidity of uncontrolled blood pressures.
Gênero e raça no trabalho doméstico livre em Salvador em fins do século XIX: o surgimento de uma classe fatalmente segmentada
Authors: Barreto Marina Leão de Aquino
Published: September 2019

Em 1887, um conjunto de posturas para disciplinar o trabalho doméstico, em Salvador, foi publicado pela Câmara Municipal. Dentre outras determinações, estabelecia-se que os criados de servir fossem matriculados na Secretaria de Polícia. Foram realizadas 897 matrículas, contendo muitas informações pessoais sobre os trabalhadores, acompanhadas de uma minuciosa descrição física. A partir desse material, foram realizadas análises sobre as possíveis clivagens de gênero, classe e raça dentro da categoria constituída pelos trabalhadores domésticos, cujos resultados são apresentados no presente artigo. Segundo a pesquisa, verificou-se que a atividade mais comum foi a de cozinheira, que abrigava grande quantidadede matriculadas de cor preta e fula. E apesar de haver funções ocupadas tanto por homens quanto por mulheres, a maior parte delas era restrita a um dos grupos. Esses resultados refletem, igualmente, o que se observa atualmente na caracterização geral do serviço doméstico: mulheres negras confinadas aos trabalhos de cozinha, enquanto homens brancos ocupam posições que deram origem a categorias profissionais que hoje são vistas como destacadas do trabalho doméstico.
Trabalho doméstico: sujeitos, experiências e lutas
Authors: Souza Flavia Fernandes de , Silva Maciel Henrique
Published: September 2019

Apresentação
Characterization of Organic Aerosol across the Global Remote Troposphere: A comparison of ATom measurements and global chemistry models
Authors: Hodzic Alma , Campuzano-Jost Pedro , Bian Huisheng , Chin Mian , Colarco Peter R. , Day Douglas A. , Froyd Karl D. , Heinold Bernd , Jo Duseong S. , Katich Joseph M. , Kodros Jack K. , Nault Benjamin A. , Pierce Jeffrey R. , Ray Eric , Schacht Jacob , Schill Gregory P. , Schroder Jason C. , Schwarz Joshua P. , Sueper Dianna T. , Tegen Ina , Tilmes Simone , Tsigaridis Kostas , Yu Pengfei , Jimenez Jose L.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The spatial distribution and properties of submicron organic aerosols (OA) are among the key sources of uncertainty in our understanding of aerosol effects on climate. Uncertainties are particularly large over remote regions of the free troposphere and Southern Ocean, where very little data has been available, and where OA predictions from AeroCom Phase II global models span a factor of 400–1000, greatly exceeding the model spread over source regions. The (nearly) pole-to-pole vertical distribution of non-refractory aerosols was measured with an aerosol mass spectrometer onboard the NASA DC8 aircraft as part of the Atmospheric Tomography (ATom) mission during the northern hemisphere summer (August 2016) and winter (February 2017). This study presents the first extensive characterization of OA mass concentrations and their level of oxidation in the remote atmosphere. OA and sulfate are the major contributors by mass to submicron aerosols in the remote troposphere, together with sea salt in the marine boundary layer. Sulfate was dominant in the lower stratosphere. OA concentrations have a strong seasonal and zonal variability, with the highest levels measured in the summer and over the regions influenced by the biomass burning from Africa (up to 10 μg sm−3). Lower concentrations (~ 0.1–0.3 μg sm−3) are observed in the northern mid- and high-latitudes and very low concentrations (
A reassessment of the discrepancies in the annual variation of δD-H2O in the tropical lower stratosphere between the MIPAS and ACE-FTS satellite data sets
Authors: Lossow Stefan , Högberg Charlotta , Khosrawi Farahnaz , Stiller Gabriele P. , Bauer Ralf , Walker Kaley A. , Kellmann Sylvia , Linden Andrea , Kiefer Michael , Glatthor Norbert , von Clarmann Thomas , Murtagh Donal P. , Steinwagner Jörg , Röckmann Thomas , Eichinger Roland
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The annual variation of δD in the tropical lower stratosphere is a critical indicator for the relative importance of different processes contributing to the transport of water vapour through the cold tropical tropopause region into the stratosphere. Distinct observational discrepancies of the δD annual variation were visible in the works of Steinwagner et al. (2010) and Randel et al. (2012), focusing on MIPAS (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding) and ACE-FTS (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment-Fourier Transform Spectrometer) data, respectively. Here we reassess the discrepancies based on newer MIPAS and ACE-FTS data sets, showing for completeness also results from SMR (Sub-Millimetre Radiometer) observations and a ECHAM/MESSy (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Hamburg/Modular Earth Submodel System) Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) simulation (Eichinger et al., 2015b). Similar to the old analyses, the MIPAS data sets yield a pronounced annual variation (maximum about 75 ‰) while that derived from the ACE-FTS data sets is rather weak (maximum about 25 ‰). While all data sets exhibit the phase progression typical for the tape recorder the annual maximum in the ACE-FTS data set precedes that in the MIPAS data set by 2 to 3 months. We critically consider several possible reasons for the observed discrepancies, focusing primarily on the MIPAS data set. We show that the δD annual variation in the MIPAS data is up to an altitude of 40 hPa substantially impacted by a start altitude effect, i.e. dependency between the lowermost altitude where MIPAS retrievals are possible and retrieved data at higher altitudes. In addition, there is a mismatch in the vertical resolution of the MIPAS HDO and H2O data (being consistently better for HDO), which actually results in an artificial tape recorder-like signal in δD. Considering these MIPAS characteristics largely removes any discrepancies between the MIPAS and ACE-FTS data sets and confirms a δD tape recorder signal with an amplitude of about 25 ‰ in the lowermost stratosphere.
Environmental and biological controls on Na∕Ca ratios in scleractinian cold-water corals
Authors: Schleinkofer Nicolai , Raddatz Jacek , Freiwald André , Evans David , Beuck Lydia , Rüggeberg Andres , Liebetrau Volker
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Here we present a comprehensive attempt to correlate aragonitic Na∕Ca ratios
from Desmophyllum pertusum (formerly known as Lophelia pertusa), Madrepora oculata and a caryophylliid cold-water coral (CWC) species with
different seawater parameters such as temperature, salinity and pH. Living
CWC specimens were collected from 16 different locations and analyzed for
their Na∕Ca ratios using solution-based inductively coupled plasma-optical
emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) measurements. The results reveal no apparent correlation with salinity (30.1–40.57 g kg−1) but a significant inverse correlation with temperature (-0.31±0.04 mmolmol-1∘C-1). Other marine aragonitic organisms such as Mytilus edulis (inner
aragonitic shell portion) and Porites sp. exhibit similar results highlighting the
consistency of the calculated CWC regressions. Corresponding Na∕Mg ratios
show a similar temperature sensitivity to Na∕Ca ratios, but the combination
of two ratios appears to reduce the impact of vital effects and
domain-dependent geochemical variation. The high degree of scatter and
elemental heterogeneities between the different skeletal features in both
Na∕Ca and Na∕Mg, however, limit the use of these ratios as a proxy and/or make
a high number of samples necessary. Additionally, we explore two models to
explain the observed temperature sensitivity of Na∕Ca ratios for an open and
semi-enclosed calcifying space based on temperature-sensitive Na- and Ca-pumping enzymes and transport proteins that change the composition of the
calcifying fluid and consequently the skeletal Na∕Ca ratio.
Declining suspended sediment in United States rivers and streams: Linking sediment trends to changes in land use/cover, hydrology and climate
Authors: Murphy Jennifer C.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Between 1992 and 2012, concentrations of annual mean suspended sediment decreased at over half (58 %) of the 137 stream sites assessed across the contiguous United States (US). Increases occurred at 17 % of the sites and the direction of change was uncertain at the remaining 25 %. Sediment trends were characterized using the Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge, and Season model, and decreases in sediment ranged from −95 % to −8.5 % of the 1992 concentration. To explore potential drivers of these changes, the sediment trends were (1) parsed into two broad contributors of change, changes in land management versus changes in the streamflow regime, and (2) grouped by land use of the watershed and correlated to concurrent changes in land use/cover, hydrology and climate and static/long-term watershed characteristics. At 83 % of the sites, changes in land management (captured by changes in the concentration–streamflow relationship over time) contributed more to the change in the sediment trend than changes in the streamflow regime alone (i.e. any systematic change in the magnitude, frequency or timing of flows). However, at > 60 % of the sites, changes in the streamflow regime contributed at least a 5 % change in sediment and at 10 sites changes in the streamflow regime contributed over half the change in sediment, indicating that at many sites changes in streamflow were not the main driver of changes in sediment but was often an important supporting factor. Correlations between sediment trends and concurrent changes in land use/cover, hydrology and climate were often stronger at sites draining watersheds with more homogenous, human-related land uses (i.e. agricultural and urban lands) compared to mixed-use or undeveloped lands. At many sites, decreases in sediment occurred despite small to moderate increases in the amount of urban or agricultural land in the watershed, suggesting conservation efforts to reduce sediment runoff to streams may be successful, up to a point, even as lands are converted to urban and agricultural uses.
FROM POINT CLOUD TO EXISTING BIM FOR MODELLING AND SIMULATION PURPOSES
Authors: Baik A.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Many BIM experts agree that employing BIM for new construction is an easy task. However, applying BIM to existing construction will be difficult but is more suitable for heritage buildings cases. These heritage buildings have unique façades and architectural vocabulary, which are of special interest. Furthermore, studying these architecture heritages require some advanced tools in order to understand and analyse their structure, components, and design. Relying only on traditional methods is not adequate, especially for architectural engineers and experts who need digital representations of architectural heritage in order to draw a complete image of any aspect of the project. Moreover, lots of these heritage architectural elements are not documented or provided in the digital architectural libraries, which in turn requires advanced and easy access methods and tools that can extract basic information professionally and explain the essence of heritage. BIM has emerged as an efficient solution that could possibly help in analysing architectural heritage through effective learning processes. Existing BIM is characterised by their ability to create and operate within a digital database of any existing by 3-D laser through scanning the building and transforming it into point-cloud as digital data, so that engineers and experts can work on existing and buildings via the BIM software. As with many heritage buildings in the world, many of the heritage buildings in the Historic district of Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia, face serious issues in terms of conservation, restoration, documentation, managing, recording, and monitoring of these valuable heritage buildings. Therefore, this paper will examine and evaluate the use of BIM in modelling and for simulation purposes, (e.g. structure and energy simulation) with regard to one of the existing heritage buildings in the Historic district of Jeddah.
POINT CLOUD GENERATION OF A BUILDING FROM CLOSE RANGE THERMAL IMAGES
Authors: Dlesk A. , Vach K.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Thermal inspection of a building is a very important part of facility management. This paper presents the methodology how to capture thermal images on a case of a family house, how to process thermal images using current photogrammetric method and how to achieve point cloud where each point is enhanced by information about temperature. This enhanced point cloud could be data for BIM or GIS and could be a valuable result for facility managers where they can detect thermal leaks or anomalies. Due to the point cloud, the thermal leaks or anomalies could be easily located and described. The accuracy of the point cloud is tested by check points and the resulted point cloud is compared with point cloud gathered by a laser scanner. The last part of the paper is devoted to a discussion about the results and outputs of the photogrammetric processing of thermal images.
EXTRACTION OF MAIN LEVELS OF A BUILDING FROM A LARGE POINT CLOUD
Authors: Leoni C. , Ferrarese S. , Wahbeh W. , Nardinocchi C.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Horizontal levels are references entities, the base of man-made environments. Their creation is the first step for various applications including the BIM (Building Information Modelling). BIM is an emerging methodology, widely used for new constructions, and increasingly applied to existing buildings (scan-to-BIM). The as-built BIM process is still mainly manual or semi-automatic and therefore is highly time-consuming. The automation of the as-built BIM is a challenging topic among the research community. This study is part of an ongoing research into the scan-to-BIM process regarding the extraction of the principal structure of a building. More specifically, here we present a strategy to automatically detect the building levels from a large point cloud obtained with a terrestrial laser scanner survey. The identification of the horizontal planes is the first indispensable step to produce an as-built BIM model. Our algorithm, developed in C++, is based on plane extraction by means of the RANSAC algorithm followed by the minimization of the quadrate sum of points-plane distance. Moreover, this paper will take an in-depth look at the influence of data resolution in the accuracy of plane extraction and at the necessary accuracy for the construction of a BIM model. A laser scanner survey of a three floors building composed by 36 scan stations has produced a point cloud of about 550 million points. The estimated plane parameters at different data resolution are analysed in terms of distance from the full points cloud resolution.
BUILDING INFORMATION MODEL AS A POSSIBILITY FOR DIGITAL RECONSTRUCTION OF THE BUILDINGS OF RURAL ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Poloprutský Z.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. This paper deals with the use of Historical Building Information Modelling for digital reconstruction of buildings of rural architecture. The final Building Information Model (BIModel) can be used for research purposes such as Artistic and Historical Research, Building Archaeology Survey, etc., or can be used as basis for building restoration. The aim of the BIModel is to provide a reliable basis for future work.This paper presents practical experience gained during the implementation of the grant project “The Transformation of Rural Architecture with Emphasis on the Development of the 19th and 20th Centuries”, No. DG16P02H023. In the course of the project, datasets were collected from various sources and various types, usually photo documentation, cadastral maps, metric survey documentation, texts, etc. The interconnection of the datasets had to be ensured for future work. Therefore, solutions were sought to achieve this goal. Usually, complications occurred in sharing and exchanging data formats, georeferencing, selecting of resolution or Level of Detail (LoD), etc. In these cases, software tools and workflows were sought for integration between CAD or GIS, and vice versa.