bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Infragravity–Wave Interactions on a Gently Sloping Laboratory Beach
Authors: de Bakker A. T. M. , Herbers T. H. C. , Smit P. B. , Tissier M. F. S. , Ruessink B. G.
Published: December 2014

A high-resolution dataset of three irregular wave conditions collected on a gently sloping laboratory beach is analyzed to study nonlinear energy transfers involving infragravity frequencies. This study uses bispectral analysis to identify the dominant, nonlinear interactions and estimate energy transfers to investigate energy flows within the spectra. Energy flows are identified by dividing transfers into four types of triad interactions, with triads including one, two, or three infragravity–frequency components, and triad interactions solely between short-wave frequencies. In the shoaling zone, the energy transfers are generally from the spectral peak to its higher harmonics and to infragravity frequencies. While receiving net energy, infragravity waves participate in interactions that spread energy of the short-wave peaks to adjacent frequencies, thereby creating a broader energy spectrum. In the short-wave surf zone, infragravity–infragravity interactions develop, and close to shore, they dominate the interactions. Nonlinear energy fluxes are compared to gradients in total energy flux and are observed to balance nearly completely. Overall, energy losses at both infragravity and short-wave frequencies can largely be explained by a cascade of nonlinear energy transfers to high frequencies (say, f > 1.5 Hz) where the energy is presumably dissipated. Infragravity–infragravity interactions seem to induce higher harmonics that allow for shape transformation of the infragravity wave to asymmetric. The largest decrease in infragravity wave height occurs close to the shore, where infragravity–infragravity interactions dominate and where the infragravity wave is asymmetric, suggesting wave breaking to be the dominant mechanism of infragravity wave dissipation.
Theory-based analysis of clinical efficacy of triptans using receptor occupancy
Authors: Tokuoka Kentaro , Takayanagi Risa , Suzuki Yuji , Watanabe Masayuki , Kitagawa Yasuhisa , Yamada Yasuhiko
Published: December 2014

Background

Triptans, serotonin 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonists, exert their action by targeting serotonin 5-HT1B/1D receptors, are used for treatment of migraine attack. Presently, 5 different triptans, namely sumatriptan, zolmitriptan, eletriptan, rizatriptan, and naratriptan, are marketed in Japan. In the present study, we retrospectively analyzed the relationships of clinical efficacy (headache relief) in Japanese and 5-HT1B/1D receptor occupancy (Φ1B and Φ1D). Receptor occupancies were calculated from both the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data of triptans.

Methods

To evaluate the total amount of exposure to drug, we calculated the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUCcp) and the areas under the time curves for Ф1B and Ф1D (AUCФ
1B and AUCФ
1D). Moreover, parameters expressing drug transfer and binding rates (A

cp

, A

Ф

1B
, A

Ф

1D
) were calculated.

Results

Our calculations showed that Фmax
1B and Фmax
1D were relatively high at 32.0-89.4% and 68.4-96.2%, respectively, suggesting that it is likely that a high occupancy is necessary to attain the clinical effect. In addition, the relationships between therapeutic effect and AUCcp, AUCΦ
1B, AUCΦ
1D, and A

cp
 · AUCcp differed with each drug and administered form, whereas a significant relationship was found between the therapeutic effect and A

Φ

1B
 · AUCΦ
1B or A

Φ

1D
 · AUCΦ
1D that was not affected by the drug and the form of administration.

Conclusions

These results suggest that receptor occupancy can be used as a parameter for a common index to evaluate the therapeutic effect. We considered that the present findings provide useful information to support the proper use of triptans.
Effect of orthodontic forces on cytokine and receptor levels in gingival crevicular fluid: a systematic review
Authors: Kapoor Priyanka , Kharbanda Om Prakash , Monga Nitika , Miglani Ragini , Kapila Sunil
Published: December 2014

This systematic review aimed to generate evidence on role of potent markers of inflammation [cytokines, chemokines, their associated receptors and antagonists] following the application of orthodontic forces. Subsequent to registration with PROSPERO, literature search followed a predetermined search strategy to key databases along with hand search (HS). Seventy-seven articles from PubMed (P), 637 from Scopus (S), 51 from Embase (E), and 3 from hand search (HS) were identified. A total of 39 articles were shortlisted that met strict inclusion and exclusion criteria and quality assessment. Each study was evaluated for participant characteristics, study design, oral hygiene regimen, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) handling. Among these studies, biomarkers in the order of frequency were interleukin (IL)-1β (N = 21), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (N = 10), IL-8,IL-6(N=8), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) (N = 7), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 (N = 3), IL-2 (N=4), IL-4, IL-10, RANTES (N = 2), IL-1, IL-5, IL-1α, IP-10, osteopontin (OPN) (N = 1) and receptors and their antagonists in the order of osteoprotegerin (OPG) (N = 8), IL-1RA (N = 5), and RANK (N = 1). Results revealed an immediate release of inflammatory bone-resorptive mediators, IL-1β and TNF-α, where IL-1β increased as early as 1 min to 1 h reaching peak at 24 h while TNF-α increased at 1 h or 1 day. This was accompanied by a fall in bone-protective mediator (OPG) levels at 1 h and 24 h after orthodontic force application. Continuous forces were accompanied by a decrease in mediator levels after attaining peak levels (most commonly at 24 h) while repeated activations in interrupted force upregulated their secretion. Significant correlations of IL-1β levels with pain intensity, rate of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and of activity index (AI) (IL-1β/IL-1RA) with velocity of tooth movement and growth status of individuals have also been deduced. A greater AI and RANKL/OPG ratio was seen in juveniles as compared to adults or non-growers that were associated with faster rate of OTM in juveniles. None of the studies addressed the effect of estrous cycle in female subjects. Lack of homogeneity in several parameters calls for a better controlled research on the biology of OTM.
Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury by standardized colon ascendens stent peritonitis in rats - a simple, reproducible animal model
Authors: Schick Martin A , Baar Wolfgang , Flemming Sven , Schlegel Nicolas , Wollborn Jakob , Held Christopher , Schneider Reinhard , Brock Robert W , Roewer Norbert , Wunder Christian
Published: December 2014

Background

Up to 50% of septic patients develop acute kidney injury (AKI). The pathomechanism of septic AKI is poorly understood. Therefore, we established an innovative rodent model to characterize sepsis-induced AKI by standardized colon ascendens stent peritonitis (sCASP). The model has a standardized focus of infection, an intensive care set up with monitoring of haemodynamics and oxygenation resulting in predictable impairment of renal function, AKI parameters as well as histopathology scoring.

Methods

Anaesthetized rats underwent the sCASP procedure, whereas sham animals were sham operated and control animals were just monitored invasively. Haemodynamic variables and blood gases were continuously measured. After 24 h, animals were reanesthetized; cardiac output (CO), inulin and PAH clearances were measured and later on kidneys were harvested; and creatinine, urea, cystatin C and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) were analysed. Additional sCASP-treated animals were investigated after 3 and 9 days.

Results

All sCASP-treated animals survived, whilst ubiquitous peritonitis and significantly deteriorated clinical and macrohaemodynamic sepsis signs after 24 h (MAP, CO, heart rate) were obvious. Blood analyses showed increased lactate and IL-6 levels as well as leucopenia. Urine output, inulin and PAH clearance were significantly decreased in sCASP compared to sham and control. Additionally, significant increase in cystatin C and NGAL was detected. Standard parameters like serum creatinine and urea were elevated and sCASP-induced sepsis increased significantly in a time-dependent manner. The renal histopathological score of sCASP-treated animals deteriorated after 3 and 9 days.

Conclusions

The presented sCASP method is a standardized, reliable and reproducible method to induce septic AKI. The intensive care set up, continuous macrohaemodynamic and gas exchange monitoring, low mortality rate as well as the opportunity of detailed analyses of kidney function and impairments are advantages of this setup. Thus, our described method may serve as a new standard for experimental investigations of septic AKI.
Evolutionary Nostalgia in the Anthropocene
Authors: Heringman Noah
Published: December 2014

This essay compares popular and scientific responses to the accelerated climate change and resource exhaustion associated with the Anthropocene. Debates in stratigraphy and other scientific disciplines grapple with the convergence of geologic and historical time, while popular science discourses about diet, exercise, and sexuality insist on turning back the evolutionary clock. By returning to the Pleistocene or Paleolithic, these discourses display an evolutionary nostalgia in the face of massive ecological disruption. These popular works incorporate the science of human evolution into a new form described here as “middle epic” because it offers a slow, heroic temporality for the history of the species. By emphasizing human evolution over climate science, the popular science of lifestyles based on early human behavior constructs evolutionary nostalgia as an ideological response to climate change.
Peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD)
Authors: Jeanneret-Gris C.
Published: December 2014

Leg pain on exertion is the cardinal symptom of both arterial occlusive disease. Patients with PAOD complain of cramping pain in the calf, which disappears after standing still with a straight back for a few minutes. The diagnostic and therapeutic options are discussed.
Case Report: A case report of Moyamoya disease in a 36 year old African American woman
Authors: Gudepu Rohit Kumar , Qureshi Mohtashim A. , Qureshi Ihtesham A. , Rao Lakshman
Published: December 2014

Moyamoya is a rare idiopathic progressive vaso-occlusive disease characterized by irreversible condition of main blood vessels to the brain as they enter into the skull. We present a case of 36 year old African American female presenting to the Out Patient Clinic with headache which were on and off for 4-6 months and did not relieve on routine medical therapy. It was associated with weakness on right side for last few days. The patient was investigated with CT Angiogram, diagnosed as Moyamoya disease and operated. She has been followed up for the last 5 years and the patient has not complained of any headaches or focal neurological symptoms.
REMARKS ON THE BRAZILIAN RESEARCH TECHNIQUE FOR BRITTLE TENSION STRENGTH
Authors: Molotnikov Valentin Yakovlevich , Molotnikova Antonina Alexandrovna
Published: December 2014

A plane deformation of a circular cylinder under different systems of statically equivalent loads is considered. The loading is done by the symmetrical constant-rate loads with respect to the centerline; the loads are applied to the cylinder side. Three load cases are analyzed: diametric forces along two generators (Hertz basic feasible solution), uniform normal loads, and uniform parallel forces. The comparison of equivalent stresses based on Mohr theory of strength with the tension intensity of the basic feasible solution in the failure plane is presented. Based on this comparison, the appropriateness of identifying the normal stress in the diametric plane under the specimen fracture, and of its tension stress limit is discussed. It is proved that the normal stress in the diametric plane of crushing the specimen in the Brazilian test technique is not a material tension limit; and it may be several times less than the specified stress limit for some brittle solids.
TEACHER'S PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT: PSYCHOLOGICAL MECHANISMS AND DETERMINANTS
Authors: Yezhak E. V.
Published: December 2014

The research results of determining the professional development of contemporary teachers are presented. A theoretical analysis of the essence and motivation of the professional development of the teaching subject is performed. ‘Factors-blockers’ and ‘factors-facilitators' of the professional and personal growth are identified and described. The significance of the teacher’s subjected involvement in the process of self-development is shown. Contradictions of the present-day teaching practice are described and structured. Levels of accepting innovations by teachers, and their approach to self-development are considered. The obtained data are typed. The reference vectors of the development of the teaching subject are determined. The self-development mechanisms: self-acceptance, reflection, life events planning and forecasting, social modeling are discovered. The study data have shown that the career development system requires designing programs of the sense-generative nature aimed at the development of the personal sense of the self-transformation. A modular program of the psychological support for the teacher’s professional development at different professionalization stages is described.
From Cost Sharing Mechanisms to Online Selection Problems
Authors: Elmachtoub Adam N. , Levi Retsef
Published: December 2014

We consider a general class of online optimization problems, called online selection problems, where customers arrive sequentially, and one has to decide upon arrival whether to accept or reject each customer. If a customer is rejected, then a rejection cost is incurred. The accepted customers are served with minimum possible cost, either online or after all customers have arrived. The goal is to minimize the total production costs for the accepted customers plus the rejection costs for the rejected customers. These selection problems are related to online variants of offline prize collecting combinatorial optimization problems that have been widely studied in the computer science literature. In this paper, we provide a general framework to develop online algorithms for this class of selection problems. In essence, the algorithmic framework leverages any cost sharing mechanism with certain properties into a poly-logarithmic competitive online algorithm for the respective problem; the competitive ratios are shown to be near-optimal. We believe that the general and transparent connection we establish between cost sharing mechanisms and online algorithms could lead to additional online algorithms for problems beyond the ones studied in this paper.
Inestabilidad de laderas e infraestructura vial: análisis de susceptibilidad en la Sierra Nororiental de Puebla, México
Authors: Galindo Serrano José Alejandro , Alcántara-Ayala Irasema
Published: December 2014

En México y diversas partes del mundo los desastres asociados a la inestabilidad de laderas generan impactos negativos en el ámbito socio-económico y ambiental. Además de las pérdidas de vida, y el daño a la cubierta vegetal, las afectaciones a las viviendas y la infraestructura son frecuentes; en los últimos años, la destrucción y deterioro en la infraestructura vial ha sido de particular importancia. Entre las diferentes áreas del país que de manera recurrente suelen ser afectadas por inestabilidad de laderas, se encuentra la Sierra Norte del estado de Puebla. Pérdidas humanas y económicas directas e indirectas, resultado de la ocurrencia de procesos de remoción en masa (PRM) desencadenados principalmente por lluvias intensas, en comunidades vulnerables expuestas de esta región, han tenido lugar desde hace algunas décadas. El impacto en la infraestructura ha cobrado gran relevancia, especialmente desde 1999, razón por la cual este estudio se centró en el análisis de la susceptibilidad a procesos de remoción de masa en las principales carreteras de la región de la Sierra Nororiental de Puebla. Dicho análisis involucró la elaboración de un inventario de PRM, así como de la cartografía temática empleada como insumo para la aplicación del análisis multicriterio y pesos de evidencia. Se obtuvieron dos mapas de susceptibilidad de la región de interés, y los resultados fueron analizados a través de un índice de recurrencia de PRM. Finalmente, se efectuó el análisis espacial de la susceptibilidad a PRM de varios tramos carreteros de la Sierra Nororiental, con base en el análisis de proximidad y de superposición. El inventario de PRM generado se integró por 166 procesos de remoción en masa y 40 zonas potencialmente inestables. Las áreas de muy alta susceptibilidad corresponden a zonas con un relieve muy accidentado, mientras que las regiones planas coinciden con zonas de muy baja susceptibilidad. La variación de los resultados expresados en los mapas de susceptibilidad elaborados a partir de ambas metodologías implica que la zonificación resultado del análisis multicriterio tiende a producir valores más bajos en la zona urbana, mientras que en el peso de evidencia, se le confieren valores menores a zonas montañosas que pueden caracterizarse como potencialmente inestables debido a su naturaleza geológico-geomorfológica, pero que adolecen de registros o evidencias concretas.

 
Musik im Zeitalter der Globalisierung
Authors: Siebert Daniel
Published: December 2014

Der Begriff Globalisierung ist sowohl populär als auch wissenschaftlich interdisziplinär anwendbar und gewissermaßen ein »Zauberwort« für alle gesellschaftlichen Veränderungen der letzten 50 Jahre. Doch wie wird Globalisierung musikalisch erfahrbar und was ist im gegenwärtigen »Zeitalter der Globalisierung« das signifikant »Neue« bezogen auf die Entstehung kultureller Hybridformen? Anhand dreier musikalischer Beispiele unterschiedlicher Kontexte, Szenen und Stilhöhen geht Daniel Siebert einerseits den Differenzen nach, die sich in den Auswirkungen der Globalisierung abzeichnen, und arbeitet andererseits szene- und subkulturübergreifende Mechanismen der Globalisierung heraus.
Geschlecht im Zeitalter der Reproduktionstechnologien
Authors: Rödel Malaika
Published: December 2014

Wie haben sich die Vorstellungen von Geschlecht und Reproduktion durch die Einführung der Präimplantationsdiagnostik (PID) in Deutschland gewandelt? Malaika Rödel verbindet theoretische Überlegungen zum Verhältnis von Natur, Technologie und Körper mit einer Analyse der medialen Debatte um die neue Reproduktionstechnologie von 2000 bis 2011 und arbeitet signifikante diskursive Verschiebungen heraus, die sich an der Kategorie Geschlecht nachvollziehen lassen. Die Studie liefert einen wichtigen Beitrag zur sozialwissenschaftlichen Analyse und Kritik der PID und verknüpft das methodische Vorgehen einer Diskursanalyse mit aktuellen Perspektiven aus den Gender Studies und den Science and Technology Studies.
Theaterpädagogisches Schauspieltraining
Authors: Hofmann Fu Li
Published: December 2014

Theaterpädagogische Arbeit bekommt erst durch die Orientierung an der persönlichen und künstlerischen Entwicklung des Schauspiel-Ensembles ein klares Profil. Dieses Buch richtet sich nicht nur an Menschen, die sich mit Theaterpädagogik oder Schauspiel befassen, sondern auch an alle, die das Spiel und die Kreativität des Einzelnen ins Zentrum ihrer Arbeit stellen (wollen). Fu Li Hofmanns anschauliche Auseinandersetzung mit Grundlagen, Abgrenzungen und zentralen Merkmalen eines »theaterpädagogischen Schauspieltrainings« ermöglicht einen spannenden Brückenschlag zwischen fachwissenschaftlicher Reflexion und praktischer Handreichung.
Missed diagnoses of acute myocardial infarction in the emergency department: variation by patient and facility characteristics
Authors: Moy Ernest , Barrett Marguerite , Coffey Rosanna , Hines Anika L. , Newman-Toker David E.
Published: December 2014

Background: An estimated 1.2 million people in the US have an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) each year. An estimated 7% of AMI hospitalizations result in death. Most patients experiencing acute coronary symptoms, such as unstable angina, visit an emergency department (ED). Some patients hospitalized with AMI after a treat-and-release ED visit likely represent missed opportunities for correct diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of the present study is to estimate the frequency of missed AMI or its precursors in the ED by examining use of EDs prior to hospitalization for AMI.

Methods: We estimated the rate of probable missed diagnoses in EDs in the week before hospitalization for AMI and examined associated factors. We used Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases and State Emergency Department Databases for 2007 to evaluate missed diagnoses in 111,973 admitted patients aged 18 years and older.

Results: We identified missed diagnoses in the ED for 993 of 112,000 patients (0.9% of all AMI admissions). These patients had visited an ED with chest pain or cardiac conditions, were released, and were subsequently admitted for AMI within 7 days. Higher odds of having missed diagnoses were associated with being younger and of Black race. Hospital teaching status, availability of cardiac catheterization, high ED admission rates, high inpatient occupancy rates, and urban location were associated with lower odds of missed diagnoses.

Conclusions: Administrative data provide robust information that may help EDs identify populations at risk of experiencing a missed diagnosis, address disparities, and reduce diagnostic errors.
Quasi-static and dynamic nanoindentation to determine the influence of thermal treatment on the mechanical properties of bamboo cell walls
Authors: Li Yanjun , Yin Liping , Huang Chengjian , Meng Yujie , Fu Feng , Wang Siqun , Wu Qiang
Published: December 2014

Bamboo was thermally treated at 180°C and 200°C, and the micromechanical properties of its cell walls were investigated by means of quasi-static and dynamic nanoindentation experiments. With increasing treatment temperatures, the average dry density and mass of the bamboo decreased, whereas the already reduced elastic modulus at 180°C of the fiber cell walls did not change, but the hardness showed increasing tendencies. Dynamic nanoindentation revealed reduced storage modulus

(

E
′

r

)

$({E'_{\rm{r}}})$

and loss modulus

(

E
″

r

 
)

$({E''_{\rm{r}}}\,)$

for the thermotreated bamboo cell walls compared with the untreated bamboo fibers in all frequency regions. Moreover,

E
′

r

,
 

E
″

r

,

${E'_{\rm{r}}},{\rm{ }}{E''_{\rm{r}}},$

and loss tangent (tan δ) of treated bamboo decreased with increasing treatment temperature.
Revisiting alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation: quantitative evaluation of biphenyl structures in cedar wood lignin (Cryptomeria japonica) by a modified nitrobenzene oxidation method
Authors: Tamai Akari , Goto Haruka , Akiyama Takuya , Matsumoto Yuji
Published: December 2014

A modified alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation (NBO) method was developed to enable the analysis of the biphenyl structures of cedar wood lignin. The most essential point of the process is a modified work-up process in pyridine and a prolonged gas chromatography analysis of the silylated products. By applying this mean to cedar wood meal, a novel biphenyl product, dehydrovanillin-vanillic acid (1-carboxy-1′-formyl-4,4′-dihydroxy-3,3′-dimethoxy-5,5′-biphenyl), was detected together with known products, dehydrodivanillin and dehydrodivanillic acid. The highest total yield of biphenyl products was detected when NBO was carried out for 2–4 h at 170°C. The work-up procedure was slightly modified so that the biphenyl products can be quantified. The NBO conversion rates of biphenyl linkages of lignin were also examined with a biphenyl-type lignin model compound, and this gave rise to 75% biphenyl-type NBO degradation products. Under the same condition, the total yield of vanillin and vanillic acid (VA) from a non-condensed-type β-O-4 model compound was 89%. Because the latter did not exhibit any peak of the biphenyl products, it can be concluded that all the biphenyl products obtained by NBO (0.17 mmol g-1) were from the lignin of the native wood. It was calculated that at least 6.7 of 100 phenylpropanoid units of cedar lignin were involved in biphenyl structures even if the NBO conversion rate was not taken into consideration. The synthesis and analytical data of 11 lignin model compounds is described.
Design and Optimization of the Preparation of Calcium Carbonate from Calcium Sulfate and Ammonium Bicarbonate
Authors: Zhao Jingcai , Song Xingfu , Sun Ze , Xu Yanxia , Yu Jianguo
Published: December 2014

Simulation on single factor effect was used for the design and optimization of the preparation of calcium carbonate from calcium sulfate (DH) and ammonium bicarbonate. This study shows that simulation on single factor effect is effective because the experimental results are close to predicted results. Furthermore, response surface method based on a central composite design was used to determine the range of parameters to achieve a highly efficient conversion of DH. The results indicate that the significant parameters that affected the conversion of DH were ratio of carbon to sulfur, temperature, concentration of ammonium bicarbonate, and stirring speed. The strength order of factors is as follows: ratio of carbon to sulfur > concentration of ammonium bicarbonate > stirring speed > temperature. A quadratic polynomial equation was established using multiple regression analysis. The optimum parameters were determined as follows: 2.10 for ratio of carbon to sulfur, 320.35 K for temperature, 337.31 rpm for the stirring speed, and 1.75 mol · L−1 for bicarbonate concentration. The corresponding conversion rate of the experimental result was 99.7%, which was highly consistent with the predicted value of 99.9%. Based on model and the optimum parameters, products of vaterite, with ammonium sulfate crystal of grade A, can be obtained. Equipotential lines of conversional rate and desired process conditions were provided as well.
Risk for fetal loss and prematurity after 12,413 second trimester amniocenteses in a single center
Authors: Theodora Marianna , Antsaklis Aris , Blanas Konstantinos , Antsaklis Panagiotis , Daskalakis George , Sindos Michael , Mesogitis Spiros , Papantoniou Nikolaos
Published: December 2014

The purpose of this retrospective controlled study is to estimate the risk for fetal loss and preterm delivery attributed to second trimester amniocentesis from a single tertiary center.

The study group consists of 12,413 singleton pregnancies with consecutive amniocenteses, performed in a single tertiary center during a 15-year period (1996–2010) with known pregnancy outcome. The control group consisted of 6993 pregnancies with negative second trimester screening for aneuploidies during the same period who did not have any invasive test. The two groups were compared in terms of fetal loss rate up to 24 weeks and premature deliveries.

Total fetal loss up to 24 weeks in the study group, excluding terminations of pregnancy, was estimated at 1.25% (1.05%–1.45%, confidence interval [CI]: 95%). In the control group the loss rate was 0.65% giving a procedure related fetal loss rate of 0.6% which was not found to be a statistically significant difference. Delivery before the 28

The present study has shown that the risk of miscarriage that can be attributed to amniocentesis in our institution is 0.6%, and this is not statistically significant when compared with cases without any invasive procedure during pregnancy. Similarly, the risk for preterm labor was not statistically significant when compared with controls.
Using Silence to “Pass”: Embodiment and Interactional Categorization in a Diasporic Context
Authors: Wagner Lauren
Published: December 2014

This article posits that “passing” is a manipulation of ambiguously embodied characteristics, linguistic practice, and ratification by other speakers. I explore discourses and practices of “passing” by post-migrant generation, diasporically-resident Moroccans who seek to be unmarked by migration when bargaining in Moroccan markets. Their attempts have many possibilities for failure, including any way that their diasporic provenance might be made relevant in interaction through their embodied and linguistic practices. This connection between embodiment and linguistic practices becomes more evident in a unique case of bargaining “success”, which depends on using silence. Framed by all the possible ways to fail, the main interactional example is exceptional because of its success-by-not-failing: the diasporically-resident participant was not conversationally, explicitly marked as “diasporic”.
Extractive distillation: recent advances in operation strategies
Authors: Shen Weifeng , Benyounes Hassiba , Gerbaud Vincent
Published: December 2014

Extractive distillation is one of the efficient techniques for separating azeotropic and low-relative-volatility mixtures in various chemical industries. This paper first provides an overview of thermodynamic insight covering residue curve map analysis, the application of univolatility and unidistribution curves, and thermodynamic feasibility study. The pinch-point analysis method combining bifurcation shortcut presents another branch of study, and several achievements have been realized by the identification of possible product cut under the following key parameters: reflux ratio, reboil ratio, and entrainer-feed flow rate ratio. Process operation policies and strategy concerning batch extractive distillation processes are summarized in four operation steps. Several configurations and technological alternatives can be used when extractive distillation processes take place in a continuous or batch column, depending on the strategy selected for the recycle streams and for the main azeotropic feeds.
A Bayesian mixture model for chromatin interaction data
Authors: Niu Liang , Lin Shili
Published: December 2014

Chromatin interactions mediated by a particular protein are of interest for studying gene regulation, especially the regulation of genes that are associated with, or known to be causative of, a disease. A recent molecular technique, Chromatin interaction analysis by paired-end tag sequencing (ChIA-PET), that uses chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and high throughput paired-end sequencing, is able to detect such chromatin interactions genomewide. However, ChIA-PET may generate noise (i.e., pairings of DNA fragments by random chance) in addition to true signal (i.e., pairings of DNA fragments by interactions). In this paper, we propose MC_DIST based on a mixture modeling framework to identify true chromatin interactions from ChIA-PET count data (counts of DNA fragment pairs). The model is cast into a Bayesian framework to take into account the dependency among the data and the available information on protein binding sites and gene promoters to reduce false positives. A simulation study showed that MC_DIST outperforms the previously proposed hypergeometric model in terms of both power and type I error rate. A real data study showed that MC_DIST may identify potential chromatin interactions between protein binding sites and gene promoters that may be missed by the hypergeometric model. An R package implementing the MC_DIST model is available at
Effects of β-Alanine on Body Composition and Performance Measures in Collegiate Women
Authors: Outlaw Jordan J. , Smith-Ryan Abbie E. , Buckley Amanda L. , Urbina Stacie L. , Hayward Sara , Wingfield Hailee L. , Campbell Bill , Foster Cliffa , Taylor Lem W. , Wilborn Colin D.
Published: December 2014

Outlaw, JJ, Smith-Ryan, AE, Buckley, AL, Urbina, SL, Hayward, S, Wingfield, HL, Campbell, B, Foster, C, Taylor, LW, and Wilborn, CD. Effects of β-alanine on body composition and performance measures in collegiate women. J Strength Cond Res 30(9): 2627–2637, 2016—The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of β-alanine (BA) supplementation and resistance training on body composition and performance. In a double-blind placebo-controlled design, 16 untrained collegiate females (mean ± SD: 21.0 ± 2.2 years; 64.8 ± 8.5 kg; 164.5 ± 7.0 cm; 30.1 ± 5.1 percent body fat [%BF]) completed 8 weeks of resistance training while consuming either 3.4 g BA or placebo (PL; 5 g maltodextrin) before training sessions. Training consisted of 4 days per week upper- and lower-body exercises. Lean body mass (LBM), fat mass (FM), and %BF were assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o
2max), aerobic time to exhaustion, Wingate peak power, bench press and leg press 1RM (BPmax; LPmax), and repetitions at 65% (BPreps; LPreps), vertical jump (VJ), and standing broad jump were assessed using standard National Strength and Conditioning Association guidelines. All measurements were taken at baseline (T1), 4 weeks (T2), and 8 weeks (T3). Repeated-measures analysis of variance and 95% confidence intervals were used to determine significance. Body composition (LBM, FM, and %BF) improved over time (p < 0.01) for both groups. Maximal strength and VJ increased significantly from baseline to T3 (p ≤ 0.05). There was a significant interaction for LPreps (p = 0.040), with only BA group resulting in significantly greater LPreps (p = 0.041) at T2 and T3. Results from this study suggest that 8 weeks, 4 days per week progressive resistance training and BA supplementation may be effective for improving lower-body muscular endurance. β-alanine had no additive effects on body composition or maximal strength in collegiate women.
The No ‘Ought’ From ‘Is’ Argument: Faulty Thinking in Ethics and Social Science
Authors: Doughney James
Published: December 2014

According to Hilary Putnam, the ‘moral is clear: when we are dealing with any important value disagreement, we assume facts are irrelevant at our peril. No convincing logical reason can be given for the logical irrelevance of fact to value judgements, even if we accept the positivist conception of what a “fact” is.’ (2002, p. 78) This paper explores why the dichotomies engendered by the ‘positivist’ approach – fact/value, positive/normative and descriptive/evaluative – are false. The main reason, the paper argues, is that the fundamental principle underlying the approach fails. This principle, the ‘no ought from is argument’ (or the NOFIA), is the formally structured argument that a value (ought) cannot logically be derived from a fact (is). The paper rejects the NOFIA and, especially, its iconic status in economics. Using criticisms of the NOFIA by John Searle, Amartya Sen, Hilary Putnam, Vivian Walsh and Julius Kovesi, as well as the critical realist method of explanatory critique, the paper argues for a form of moral realism.
The Ethical Dimension in Transformational Leadership
Authors: Armstrong Anona , Muenjohn Nuttawuth
Published: December 2014

Few empirical studies have been done that directly address the underlying values that drive leadership or distinguish its ethical dimensions. As a result the development of a theory about how values and ethics affect transformational leadership lacks empirical support. This has important implications for the study of transformational leadership. The purpose of this study was to establish a range of values and implied approaches to ethics that are associated with transformational styles of leadership, to use an inductive approach to determine the values and ethical approaches associated with transformational leadership, and to determine whether such a style is always right in itself. The study used interview data from senior executives to address the questions: What kinds of values do people associate with the dimensions of transformational leadership? Are these values related to ethical conduct and positive outcomes for followers and organisations? What are the values that drive transformational leadership behaviour? Is there an ethical or moral dimension to it? Do these represent ethical or immoral dimensions in the “Full range leadership model? The results of this study suggest that leaders’ values are more important in driving ethical behaviour among leaders, than the operationalisation of the management practices suggested by transformational leadership theory.
Organisational Culture and Corporate Performance: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Ojo Olu
Published: December 2014

The purpose of this research article is to examine various concepts on organisational culture and strives to ascertain the importance of the relationship between organisational culture and corporate performance in a business context. The study adopted survey research design. The population of this study is the entire employees of Nigerian commercial banks. Primary data were used for this study. Data were collected through a questionnaire that was administered to the selected respondents, The two hypotheses proffered were tested and relevant recommendations were made. The conclusion drawn from the study is that organisational culture plays a vital role in an organisation’s general performance. This study contributes to organisational culture’s literature by showing that employees would commit themselves to organisational goals and work actively in achieving those goals when they buy into cultural norms of the organisation and thus increase organisational performance.
The Ethical Dilemma in Globalizing Small Businesses
Authors: Nganga Jacob C.
Published: December 2014

This paper is largely a theoretical exposition of ethical challenges that stifle the participation of smallbusinesses in the global value chains with particular reference to businesses in developing countries. Smallbusinessclusters in developing economies, remain locked in low-quality products and low-income markets.With little innovation, small business lack capacity to produce goods that can attract foreign demand. Yet,small enterprises must provide productive employment for an increasing number of job-seekers in thesecountries. Innovation growth in small enterprises is normally limited to apprenticeship process and as such,results in a dead-end to progress of indigenous technology. To promote creation and growth of small business,efforts are required to put the small business clusters in a global value chain as this enhances possibilities ofnew market avenues and as well as benching market indigenous innovative efforts to international standards.Exposure of small business to global market also encourages networks formations which are conduits of skillsfor quality improvement and valuation of products from the sector. However, the quest for improving theparticipation and market share of small business is faced with challenges that stem from the way the process ofglobalization has taken place over time. To overcome these globalization challenges, policy makers mustcontend with ethical issues that require to be addressed through consultative efforts at international arena.
Phage type and sensitivity to antibiotics of Staphylococcus aureus film-forming strains isolated from airway mucosa
Authors: Voronkova O. S. , Sіrokvasha O. A. , Shevchenko T. N. , Vіnnіkov A. І.
Published: December 2014

Today film-forming strains of bacteria play very important role in clinical pathology. Staphylococci are ones of most dangerous of them. This bacteria can determine different pathological processes, for example, complication of airway mucosa. The ability to form a biofilm is one of the main properties of nosocomial strains. These strains should be monitored and their carriers are to be properly treated. To determine the origin of staphylococci strains we used bacteriophages from the International kit. The aim of research was to determine the phage type of staphylococci film-forming strains, that were isolated from naso-pharingial mucosa. Phage typing has been carried out for 16 film-forming strains of S. aureus. To solve this problem, we used the International phage kit by Fisher’s method. As a result, sensitivity to phages from the International kit showed 53.8% of studied strains of S. aureus. 64.3% of sensitivity strains were lysed by one of the phage, 21.4% – were by two of the phages, 14.3% – by three of the phages. Isolates were sensitive to phages: 81 – 42.9%, 75 – 35.7%, 28.6% were sensitive to phages 47 and 53. All cases of detection of sensitivity to phage 47 coincided with the ability to form biofilm. Among non-film-forming strains there was no sensitive strains for this phage. Film-forming strains resist to erythromycin (62.5%), ciprofloxacin (43.8%), gentamicin (56.3%), tetracycline (87.5%), amoxicillin (93.8%), and cefuroxime (37.5%). All cases of sensitivity to phage 47 coincided with resistance to erythromycin, amoxicillin and tetracycline. For two of these strains, we also defined resistance to gentamicin and for one of them – to ciprofloxacin. Results of research allowed to relate the bacterial cultures for determining the type. This may have implications for studying of film-forming ability, because surface structures of bacterial cell take place in this process. Belonging of an isolate to specific phage type may indicate possible differences in the structure of the cell wall, composition of the cytoplasmic membrane, receptors, etc. So, phage typing may be used as one of tests to study film-forming processes. Besides, phage typing can be helpful in finding of the source and modes of transmission of nosocomial strains of bacteria. Given the increased level of antibiotic resistance among film-forming strains of staphylococci, the importance of this monitoring is indisputable, because spreading of these strains may cause the failure of therapy.
Range extension of helminth parasites of Profundulus spp. (Teleostei: Profundulidae) from southern Mexico and Central America
Authors: Salgado-Maldonado Guillermo
Published: December 2014

In this paper we provide new records and range extensions for four intestinal helminth species parasites of profundulid fishes. Our data extends the known geographical distribution of these species from Guerrero, southern Mexico to nuclear Central American countries and southward to Honduras. Three of the helminth species here studied are specific to profundulids, the digenean Paracreptotrema profundulusi and the nematodes Spinitectus humbertoi and Rhabdochona salgadoi. Our data confirm that these species are distributed only with profundulids and within the geographical range of this fish family. Therefore, the data presented in this study partially contributes to empirically support the idea that each fish family has “its own” suite of parasites that are not shared with other fish families, and that freshwater fish parasites are distributed within the limits of the range of the fish family.
New record of Cercosaura ocellata Wagler, 1830 (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) in northeastern Brazil, with a distribution map for the species in South America
Authors: Sales Raul Fernandes Dantas , Jorge Jaqueiuto Da Silva , Meira-Ribeiro Matheus , Freire Eliza Maria Xavier
Published: December 2014

Herein, we provide a new record of Cercosaura ocellata Wagler, 1830 in the Atlantic Forest biome, northeastern Brazil, and a distribution map for the species in South America. The new record was in Extremoz municipality, state of Rio Grande do Norte, filling a gap in the known geographic distribution of the species between the states of Ceará and Pernambuco.
New state record of Schismatodiplosis lantanae (Rübsaamen, 1908) (Insecta, Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) in Brazil
Authors: Proença Barbara , Maia Valéria Cid
Published: December 2014

Schismatodiplosis lantanae (Rübsaamen, 1908) (Insecta, Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) induces leaf galls in Lantana camara L., L. urticifolia Mill. and L. hispida Kunth (Verbenaceae). The previous records of S. lantanae in Brazil included only the states of Rio de Janeiro (Southeast Region) and Santa Catarina (South Region). In this study, the geographic distribution of this galling species is extended to the states of Pará and Rondônia (North Region), Pernambuco (Northeast Region), Minas Gerais (Southeast Region), and four municipalities of the State of Rio de Janeiro (Casimiro de Abreu, Mangaratiba, Rio das Ostras and Valença).
Evaluation of a Polyethylene Glycol-Osteogenic Protein-1 System on Alveolar Bone Regeneration in the Mini-Pig
Authors: Catros Sylvain , Molenberg Aart , Freilich Martin , Dard Michel
Published: December 2014

Alveolar bone regeneration associated with the local release of osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1) from a polyethylene glycol (PEG) scaffold was evaluated in 14 mini-pigs. Following extraction of mandibular teeth and 26-weeks of healing time, standardized bone defects were created bilaterally in the posterior mandibles (3 sites for each hemimandible) that were randomly assigned to treatment groups. Seven treatments groups were compared: 4 different concentrations of the PEG/OP-1 test system (n = 14 for each), a positive control (collagen/OP-1, n = 14), a negative control (PEG only, n = 7) and nontreated defects (n = 7). Each animal provided all test and control groups. The animals were sacrificed after 3 weeks of healing and samples were processed for histology and histomorphometry. Three weeks after implantation, there were positive clinical responses for all test groups. Earlier bone maturation was observed in the test groups that had higher concentrations of OP-1 (0.25, 0.5, or 1 mg/mL) compared to the negative control group (PEG alone), the low concentration group (0.1 mg/mL), and the positive control group (collagen/OP-1). However, histomorphometric quantitative analyses did not reveal any statistical difference between any of the groups. No residual PEG biomaterial or inflammatory responses to the biomaterial or growth factor were observed. This study confirmed the safe local delivery of OP-1 from PEG hydrogel. Alveolar bone regeneration was not statistically different between tests groups, negative control (PEG alone) or commercial positive control (collagen/OP-1). The semi-quantitative analysis, however, showed a trend in favor of the higher concentrations of OP-1 to induce faster bone maturation.
O controle médico-esportivo no Departamento de Educação Física do Estado de São Paulo: aproximações entre esporte e medicina nas décadas de 1930 e 1940
Authors: Gomes Ana Carolina Vimieiro , Dalben André
Published: December 2014

Analisa as avaliações médicas em esportistas nos primeiros anos de funcionamento do gabinete médico do Departamento de Educação Física do Estado de São Paulo (DEF-SP), fundado em 1935 para promover o controle médico das práticas da 'ginástica e dos esportes' no estado. O controle médico-esportivo do DEF-SP tentou ordenar práticas esportivas mais higiênicas, com o fim de definir tipos físicos adequados para determinadas modalidades esportivas. Observa também que nesses primórdios da medicina esportiva em São Paulo, influenciada pelo pensamento científico eugenista, houve a tentativa de caracterização de um tipo físico nacional.
Fabricando o soldado, forjando o cidadão: o doutor Eduardo Augusto Pereira de Abreu, a Guerra do Paraguai e a educação física no Brasil
Authors: Silva Carlos Leonardo Bahiense da , Melo Victor Andrade de
Published: December 2014

Discute a obra de Eduardo Augusto Pereira de Abreu, Estudos higiênicos sobre a educação física, intelectual e moral do soldado, publicada em 1867, a qual, marcada pela experiência da Guerra do Paraguai, foi uma das primeiras produções em que se buscou explicitamente unir preocupações médicas e militares, bem como estabelecer nítida conexão entre a fabricação de um combatente e o forjar de um cidadão, ambos prontos para defender a pátria. Nela, a prática de atividades físicas ligadas ao civismo, ao vigor e à saúde foi apresentada como de grande relevância, antecipando e influenciando futuros debates nacionais sobre a importância da educação física.