bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antagonistic Mechanism of Fusarium Oxysporum of Soybean Root Rot by Bacillus Subtilis
Authors: Li Yong Gang , Ma Feng Ming
Published: October 2011

. Fusarium oxysporum is a soil-borne fungus that infects soybean roots and causes soybean root rot, a widespread and destructive soybean disease. The potential strain X6 belonged to Bacillus subtilis for controlling soybean root rot. And antagonistic mechanism of the pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum of soybean root rot by B. subtilis X6 was investigated. The antagonistic mechanism of strain X6 againt F. oxysporum can effectively inhibit mycelial growth, spores bearing and germination. After treated with metabolic product of strain X6, protoplast from the hyphae became abnormal. The activity effect of metabolic product of strain X6 was sensitive to temperature. So the study lay the groundwork for further research and application.
Determination of Mating Type of Phytophthora Infestans and Long Term Preservation by Using Mineral Oil
Authors: Li Xin Xin , Xu Sheng Jun , Zhang Xuan Zhe
Published: October 2011

Seventy six isolates of Phytophthora infestans from North-West China was determined for the mating type, and an effective preservation method using mineral oil was developed. All P. infestans isolated had A1-mating type. When the isolated were stored in mineral oil, 94.9% of P. infestans isolates were viable. The composite fitness index of P. infestans isolates preserved in mineral oil accounted for 14,806~119,935 sporangia per cm2, with 40,926 sporangia per cm2 for the average composite fitness index. All data suggest that mineral oil preservation for P. infestans can be an easy and efficient preservation method for long term storage of P. infestans without losing pathogenicity.
A Design of DSPIC Based Microfluidic PCR Chip Temperature Controlling System
Authors: Wang Li , Song Hui Xue , Chen Tan , Wang Zhan Hui
Published: October 2011

In this paper a dsPIC microcontroller based temperature control system is developed for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on-chip. PCR is one of the most important techniques in molecular biology and temperature control is the key technique of PCR. Yet, most of the works are based on PC, through an RS 232 interface to set and control the temperature. Here we design a temperature control system based on DSPIC Microcontroller. It can be much portable and cheaper than PC based systems. The system configuration mainly consists of a high precision, stable performance sensor PT1000, a signal amplification circuit, a PID algorithm. And then, we use MAX1978 to improve the accuracy of temperature control. After that we choose thermoelectric cooler (TEC) modules as actuator to improve system heating and cooling rate. It is believe that the portable PCR temperature control system will play an important role in the development of the Microfluidic PCR.
Biological Activity and Component Analysis on Body Surface Extracts of Adult Tessaratoma Papillosa
Authors: Zhao Dong Xiang , Wang Yu Jie , Gao Jing Lin , Peng Zheng Qiang , Yin Jiong , Zhu Wen Jing
Published: October 2011

Preliminary results of petri dish bioassay showed that n-hexane and ether extracts of body surfaces of female and male Tessaratoma papillosa (Drury) were significantly attractive to the opposite sex and the same sex respectively. EAG results also demonstrated that both two kinds of solvent extracts could induce the EAG responses of adult T. papillosa. Sixteen components were identified and isolated from the extracts of adult T. papillosa body surfaces by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), of which tridecane was the common component of females and males and had the highest relative amount. In addition to three kinds of straight-chain alkanes which were undecane, dodecane and tridecane, there were other components such as (Z)-2,2-dimethyl-3-hexene, 2-hexen-1-ol acetate, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol acetate, 2,3,3-trimethyl-1-butene and 1-tridecene and others.
Geometric Errors Sensitivity Analysis of Precision Vertical Machining Center Based on Multi-Body System Theory
Authors: Cheng Qiang , Xuan Dong Sheng , Sun Jie , Liu Zhi Feng
Published: October 2011

Parts of geometric error coupled into space error is the main reason that affects machining accuracy of machine tools; therefore, how to determine the effect of geometric error to the machining accuracy and then assigning geometry precision of parts economically is a difficult problem in machine tool designing process. Therefore, based on multi-body system theory, a sensitivity analysis method of geometric error is put forward in this paper. Let’s take precision vertical machining center for an example. Firstly, an accuracy model of machining center is established based on multi-body system theory, and with 21 geometric errors obtained through experimental verification, key error sources affecting the machining accuracy are finally identified by sensitivity analysis. The example analysis shows that the proposed method can effectively identify the main geometric errors of parts that have great influence on volumetric error of machine tool, and thus provides important theoretical basis to improve the accuracy of machine tool economically.
The Adsorption of Low Concentration SO2 with the Second Modified Activated Carbon Fiber Loaded Mn
Authors: Fu Jie , Yan Ying Chun , Zhang Jing
Published: October 2011

The Mn loaded ACF (ACF-Mn), prepared by impregnation method combined with activation method under high temperature, can be used to adsorb the low concentration SO2. The modified ACF was characterized by iodine value and functional groups. The adsorption properties of low concentration SO2 on ACF-Mn-Cu50 were also studied. The result showed that the adsorption properties were improved with the granular Cu. Amount of Mn particles attached to the surface of ACF and the desulfurization rate of ACF-Mn-Cu50 both increased after second modification when the adsorption temperature was 60°C, the air velocity was Q1=0.3 L/min and Q2=0.4 L/min respectively and the concentration of SO2 was 0.62×10-4 μg/ml.
Study on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resin/Carbon Black Composites Prepared by in Situ Polymerization
Authors: Lu Xue Feng , La Pei Qing , Guo Xin , Wei Yu Peng
Published: October 2011

Microstructure and mechanical properties of epoxy resin/carbon black composites synthesized by in situ condensation polymerization of monomers in the presence of carbon black particles were investigated. SEM observation showed that carbon black particles were well dispersed in the epoxy resin matrix. The composite with 1 wt. % carbon black had the electrical resistivity of approximately 108.7 Ω•cm. The composites exhibited an a percolation threshold at carbon black content about 4 wt.%, indicating the existence of a path of percolation by connecting carbon black particles. Bending strength dramatically increased to a maximum value of 133.4MPa and then slowly decreased with content of carbon black increasing. Shore hardness increased gradually with content of carbon black and came to 23.3HD at carbon black 10 wt.%.
Study on Curing Reaction and Mechanical Properties of Liquid Crystalline P-SBPEPB/BPAER/MeTHPA System
Authors: Huo Li , Du Yong Gang , Wang Yong Mei
Published: October 2011

The cure kinetics for bisphenol A epoxy resin (BPAER) modified by liquid crystalline Sulfonyl bis(4,1-phenylene)bis[4-(2,3-epoxypropyloxy)benzoate](p-SBPEPB), with3-methyl-tetrahy drophthalic anhydride (MeTHPA) as a curing agent, were investigated by nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method. The effect of the different liquid crystalline contents and activation energy (Ea) on curing reaction were discussed. The glass transition temperature (Tg) and mechanical property were charactered, The results show that the better content is about 10wt%.
A Cascaded Multi- and Single-Mode Fiber Transporting for Laser Beam
Authors: Xiao Zhi Gang , Jiang Yao , Xiao Xiao
Published: October 2011

A model to calculate the butt-joint coupling efficiency between a multi-mode fiber to a single-mode fiber is presented based on a mode field coupling theory. The dependence of the coupling efficiency between the multi- and single-mode fibers on the core radius of the multi-mode fiber is investigated. A experiment is conducted with 532nm laser to measure the butt joint coupling efficiency of a multi-mode fiber to a single-mode fiber. Good agreement is obtained between the experimental results and the theoretical predictions. A cascaded multi- and single-mode fiber relay system is proposed to transport a laser beam with high power and good beam quality.
Design and Implementation of High-Speed Dual-Modulus
Authors: Song Jian Jun , Sun Liu , Zhang He Ming , Hu Hui Yong
Published: October 2011

This paper presents a new enhanced phase switching 15/16 dual-modulus prescaler. One more divide-by-2 stage was employed in the design compare to the conventional phase switching architecture. Since the operating speed of phase switching circuit is obviously reduced. The inverse phase switching sequence was employed in this circuit to implement glitch-free phase switching. Further more, a dynamic load master-slave DFF was employed as the first divide-by-2 stage which can increase the operating frequency of prescaler. Measurement result shows, this dual-modulus prescaler can operate at 3GHz-200MHz with 2.8mA supply current at 1.8V power supply.
Stream Function of Cohesive Mixing in the Tank of a Planetary Mixer
Authors: Yang Ming Jin , Li Xi Wen , Shi Tie Lin
Published: October 2011

Planetary mixers are indispensable to mixing of some cohesive mixture. The change of stream function is related to the shear velocity of the fluid flow of a mixer, and reveals the chaos feature of the mixing system. In this study, with assumptions of fluid being 2-D incompressible cohesive and mixing dynamic system quasi-static, stream function models of a single blade mixer and the twin blade one were presented. Research results show that: comparing with single blade mixer, the twin blade one decreases the area of zero shear velocity, which is good to the mixing process; there are areas of rapid change of stream function in mixing domain of the twin blade mixer, which is quite good to the mixing process and performance.
Timing Effection Analysis of Micro-Robot Actuated by ICPF
Authors: Nie Lin , Zhang Xing Lan , Nie Rong
Published: October 2011

A novel fish-like flexible micro-robot actuated by ICPF (Ionic Conducting Polymer Film) is presented in the paper. In order to improve the controlling reliability and feasibility of the robot’s movement, we establish the dynamic model of the micro-robot by applying kutta-joukowski theorem and illuminate the nonlinear characteristics on a x direction phase and displacement of the robot’s movement. Some simulation and experiment graphs about the x direction phase and displacement of the robot are performed.
The 3D Measuring Method Based on the Color Coding Grating
Authors: Chen Jian , Li Ke Tian , Ouyang Xiang Bo , Ding Shao Hua
Published: October 2011

This paper puts forward a new method of 3D measurement which based on the color coding structure light technology, projects the specific color coding grating to a Calibration board in RGB three color space, gets the straight line equation of grating which projected to Calibration board in the world coordinate system, obtains each projection plane of code through plane fitting, then joins the projection planes and the object imaging straight strips which through the camera focus, it can be get that the three dimensional coordinates of the objects. This method is simple and reliable; only need one camera and one projector without scanning; only one image is needed to get the information of a full frame depth image. It is suitable for high speed, real-time online measurement.
The Mathematical Modeling Method of the Square Packing Container Optimization Arrangement
Authors: Wang Ling Song , Wang Dong Ai , Chen Ji Li , Ni Hui Na
Published: October 2011

This paper based on the problem that mostly commonly encountered in practice is the particular dimension square stack of goods need to put on the certain height restriction ,or certain volume carriage containers. Pursuit the object arrangement programmes which can allow to put as much as possible goods in the certain volume. That is make the maximizing space utilization rate goal comes true. This article describes a process which uses of the simple idea to establish a effective mathematic method for the optimization problems，with view to give effective help to the staff.
Rapid Prototyping of Handicraft Based on Reverse Engineering
Authors: Cheng Xiao Min , Ye Zi Qing , Yi Xin Hua
Published: October 2011

Reverse Engineering of handicrafts refers to many aspects, such as data collection, data mergence of point clouds, surfaces reconstruction, and rapid prototyping. This paper takes a handicraft horse for example. Once this horse is scanned partially by using non-contact optical 3D measurement system, we can get point clouds data, and accumulate, merge, and combine them into one data file, then build up a three-dimensional picture, and obtain STL format file after slicing. Finally, rapid prototype manufacture can be used. By using this method, handicrafts that are the same as or similar with the mock-ups can be produced.
Modeling and Simulation of LED Manufacturing Process with ExtendSim
Authors: Ao Yin Hui , Wu Zhen Xin
Published: October 2011

LED (Light Emitting Diode) has many excellent features as a new lighting device, and has been widely used by far. The structure and light-emitting principle are introduced. The LED manufacturing process is explained and dynamically shown with FLASH CS. The processing line is modeled and simulated through dynamics software ExtendSim. The simulation result is analyzed and the processing line is balanced. The throughput is improved with the simulation.
Circuit Design on Electronic Control System of Automatic Transmission of Automobile
Authors: Song Yan Dong
Published: October 2011

Automatic transmission is the main part of the vehicle driving system, so it has much influence on the performance of the vehicle. Control system detects the throttle valve opening and vehicle speed signal, according with certain shift schedule it sends electronic signals, which control shift valve and realize automatic shift. In order to insure the smooth shift,pressure regulating and flow control system is adapted to control oil pressure changing curve of the applying elements. The transmission system with electronic systems control can achieve automatic control of power transmission, give full play to the characteristics of the engine to achieve optimal control of powertrain.
Loading-Control of Eddy Current Dynamometer for AMT Test Bench
Authors: Zhao Yi Nong , Chen Jia Bao
Published: October 2011

The loading-control effect of eddy current dynamometer was difficult improved by building a exact model because of the strong nonlinearity characteristics of eddy current dynamometer. Focus on the test requirement of AMT test bench, a fuzzy logic controller was proposed to control the loading force for the flat-straight road working circumstance of AMT using eddy current dynamometer. At last, the experiments were implemented on the test bench and real vehicle. The contrast analyses of the results show that the curves of main AMT gear shifting parameters on the test bench are coincident with the actual process. The fuzzy logic loading-controller of eddy current dynamometer is proved to work properly.
Design on Data Manipulation Class Based on ADO.NET
Authors: Ren Yong Chang , Xing Tao , Xing Zhao Feng , Cai Wei
Published: October 2011

Programmers manual compiling SQL statements according to relevant software development of database existing some troubles like workload big, easy to make a mistake, difficult to maintenance, this piece research designing on data manipulation class based on ADO.NET, realize the database operation through the data manipulation class. Based on expounding ADO.NET architecture and ADO.NET object model, concentrate on the researching two things: one is automatic generation of SQL statements, designing operation function, function Arguments or global arrays, deciding which type of SQL statements to generate, the other one is designing on data manipulation class, through re-loading, packaging and inheriting to design in data manipulation class for database. Results show that the research and application of data manipulation class solved a number of problems of traditional software development; it has important meaning for improve quality and efficiency of software development, it has become an important research direction of Database software development area.
The Research of Biological Reaction Food Waste Disposal Equipment
Authors: Lan Yu Jing , Liu Yu De , Sheng Yi Jian , Shi Wen Tian , Zhang Yuan , Liu Yang
Published: October 2011

Food waste is rich in nutrients. It can be disposed safely by biotechnology, which can make a contribution to environment, and avoid wasting resources. The bio-reactive food waste disposal processor basing on aerobic composting technology is designed in the research. The miniaturization and practical of it can be realized by studying its integrated form and structural components.
Research of Image Denoising Based on Wavelet Threshold
Authors: Hou Pei Guo , Gu Hui Fen , Wang Yu Tian
Published: October 2011

This paper introduces the denoising theory based on wavelet threshold ,and it presents a new threshold function based on traditional soft and hard threshold function and weighted threshold function。Simulation results show that：the new threshold function can be more effective to eliminate noise and restore image.
The Study of CNC Machine Tools Interface Design
Authors: Yang Chun Qing
Published: October 2011

CNC Machine tools is an important tool in modern manufacturing technique. This paper analysis the use of the human size and human factors were sufficiently considered. The design principles of the choice of human size of Numerical control machine were studied.
Multi-Relational Sequential Pattern Mining Based on Iceberg Concept Lattice
Authors: Yin Jiang , Li Yun , Shen Cen Cheng , Liu Bo
Published: October 2011

Multi-Relational Sequential mining is one of the areas of data mining that rapidly developed in recent years. However, the performance issues of traditional mining methods are not ideal. To effectively mining the pattern, we proposed an algorithm based on Iceberg concept lattice, adopting optimization methods of partition and merger to just mining the frequent sequences. Experimental results show this algorithm effectively reduced the time complexity of multi-relational sequential pattern mining.
Research on Framework of Digital City Based on GIS
Authors: Zhan Yong Song , Chen Xian Jun , Liu Wen Zhao
Published: October 2011

The GIS technology provides a new mechanism and an effective method to develop Digital City, which is an important node of implementing the digital earth. In this paper, the framework of Digital City based on GIS is investigated. Through GIS service, the urban spatial data and attribute data can be accessed and integrated seamlessly to various Digital City applications. Moreover, a Digital City application is given to illustrate the key techniques based on MapObjects of ESRI and an objects-oriented developing tool, namely, Visual C++. Experiment results show the robustness and efficiency of the proposed method.
Micropower Generators and Sensors Based on Piezoelectric Polypropylene PP and Polyvinylidene Fluoride PVDF Films - Energy Harvesting from Walking
Authors: Klimiec Ewa , Zaraska Krzysztof , Zaraska Wiesław , Kuczyński Szymon
Published: October 2011

This paper presents investigation of piezoelectric proprieties of polypropylene PP and polyvinylidene fluoride PVDF films at an angle of their application as micropower generators and foot pressure sensors in walking process. Obtaind micropower from single layer is about 1.7W and 5.3W for polypropylene film and about 1.7W and 3.3W for polyvinylidene fluoride film. Obtained voltage from single film layer is 8.9V to 14V for PP film and 2 to 3.4V for PVDF film. Obtained micropower from piezoelectric film and course character of voltage in function of time during walking process, depends from used film and shoe insole construction, where active element was sandwich. Recived data record of voltage, power and foot movement images from measuring system, can be use in dynamic investigations of posture defects.
Investigations on Tool Wear in Micro Ultrasonic Machining
Authors: Jain Vivek , Sharma A.K. , Kumar Pradeep
Published: October 2011

Tool wear is a major issue in ultrasonic machining and it is more significant in case of micro-ultrasonic machining. Because of the size of the tool in micro domain; the strength is relatively poor and hence more tool wear results. Generally, in the off-line methods, tool wear is measured after machining and by the removal of the tool from the machine tool. However, it is difficult and untidy process to remove the tool for each measurement and reinstall it on the machine. In this paper a simple technique ‘Reference Point’ method has been proposed to assess the linear tool wear on the machine itself. A comparative study of tool wear in case of solid and hollow tool was made while drilling silicon wafer. Static load was considered as a process parameter. Surface topography and fracture mechanism are discussed with the help of scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs.
Comparison of Welding Distortions between TIG and MIG Welding Technique in Pipes
Authors: Naghavi Seyed Mehdi , Darvizeh Abolfazl , Khalkhali Reza Ansari
Published: October 2011

This paper presents a three dimensional thermo-mechanical analysis to investigate the effect of welding technique on welding deformations in pipe-pipe joints of SUS304 stainless steel type. Single-pass TIG and MIG welding with V-joint geometry in pipes having a diameter of 274 mm and a thickness of 6.2 mm is studied here. Two different welding techniques are analyzed. It has been shown that selecting a suitable welding technique can modify the amount of welding distortions in this pipe geometry.
Transfer of Lean Manufacturing to China – Lessons from Two German-Chinese Production Plants
Authors: Bollbach Marc
Published: October 2011

The purpose of this paper is to provide a greater understanding of the implementation process of lean production in China. In particular, it will investigate the main barriers when implementing lean production in China. The aim is to evaluate if implementation barriers can be explained by Chinese national context factors. Case studies of two auto-parts production plants of a German multinational company in China were used to evaluate lean barriers within China. During a two month research trip to China, sixty interviews with Chinese and Western employees were conducted to evaluate barriers when implementing Lean in China. Strong evidence is found that Chinese context factors do significantly influence the implementation process of lean in China. The paper proposes the necessity for organizations to consider cultural, socio-political and economic context factors of China when applying lean principles. The fieldwork leads the author to develop a model of barriers which restrain the successful implementation of lean production systems in China. Beside a comprehensive compilation of barriers, the model indicates Chinese cultural, socio-and economic national context factors which may influence the implementation barriers.
Electrical Simulation and Characterization of Shunts in Solar Cells
Authors: Gupta R. , Somasundaran P. , Nandi D.K.
Published: October 2011

This paper aims, to investigate the shunts in multi-crystalline (m-c) Si solar cells by lock-in infrared thermography (LIT) technique and to study their effect on the cell performance by PSpice simulations. LIT provided useful information about the location and nature of shunts which was used in the simulation. Based on the shunt location and shunt resistance of the cell obtained experimentally from the I-V characteristic of the cell, shunt resistance at the shunted region have been estimated by simulation using the distributed diode model approach of solar cell by fitting. Based on these values of shunts, simulation has been performed to obtain the information about the deterioration in cells performance caused by the shunts. This type of simulation is useful to study different types and severity of shunts at different locations of cells. Solar cells which have been used in this study show a power reduction in the range of 3% to 15% due the shunts. This reduction was more severe for the shunt which was on the bus-bar compared to the edges.
Multi Objective Optimization of Turning Process Using Grey Relational Analysis and Simulated Annealing Algorithm
Authors: Kolahan Farhad , Golmezerji Reza , Moghaddam Masoud Azadi
Published: October 2011

Multi objective optimizing of machining processes is used to simultaneously achieve several goals such as increased product quality, reduced production time and improved production efficiency. This article presents an approach that combines grey relational analysis and regression modeling to convert the values of multi responses obtained from Taguchi method design of experiments into a multi objective model. The proposed approach is implemented on turning process of St 50.2 Steel. After model development, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is performed to determine the adequacy of the proposed model. The developed multi objective model is then optimized by simulated annealing algorithm (SA) in order to determine the best set of parameter values. This study illustrates that regression analysis can be used for high precision modeling and estimation of process variables.
Two-Phase Study of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Gas-Solid Flows (Nanofluids)
Authors: Afshar Hossein , Shams Mehrzad , Nainian Seyed Mojtba Mousavi , Ahmadi Goodarz
Published: October 2011

In this paper, two phase heat transfer of a mixture of nanopaticles in air flow as a type of nanofluid is studied. Volume fraction of the dispersed phase is very low (less than 1%). Nanoparticles travel in the base fluid due to drag, brownian and gravity forces and are tracked according to lagrangian approach. Effect of reduced specific heat of nanofluid on heat transfer is considered. The results show an increase in heat transfer rate which is very much more than that predicted by the Maxwell model.
A Genetic Algorithm-Based Approach for Flexible Job Shop Scheduling
Authors: Phanden Rakesh Kumar , Jain Ajai , Verma Rajiv
Published: October 2011

Flexible job shop scheduling is a hard combinatorial optimization problem. This paper introduces a simulation-based Genetic Algorithm approach to solve flexible job shop scheduling problem. Four manufacturing scenarios have been considered to access the performance of a job shop with objective to minimize mean tardiness, mean flow time and makespan. Results show that multiple process plans performs better than single process plan for each job type and if only single process plan is made available, then process plan selected on the basis of minimum production time criterion yields better results than other criterion of randomly selected process plan and minimum number of set-ups. Moreover, embedding restart scheme into regular Genetic Algorithm results improvement in the fitness value.
The Effects of Object Independent Vibration on Visual Identification Efficiency
Authors: Wang Bo , Li Yong Jian , Song Zhe Ming , Sheng Jin Gen , Cao Huan
Published: October 2011

Choosing reaction time as dependent variable, the paper discussed the effects of object independent vibration on visual identification efficiency, which was under different vibration frequency, amplitude, direction and the position of target gap. The major experiment results indicated that the reaction time increase exponentially with the increasing of vibration frequency and amplitude within a certain range. This will provide a scientific basis for design optimization and vibration control of human-machine system.
Surface Modification Using Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) with Powder Addition
Authors: Khan Ahsan Ali , Ndaliman Mohammed Baba , Zain Zakaria Mohd , Jamaludin Mohammad F. , Patthi Umar
Published: October 2011

Powder mixed electrical discharge machining (PMEDM) is one of the recent innovations for the enhancement of the capabilities of EDM process. In this study, the effects of powder addition on the surface modification of mild steel were investigated. Copper tungsten electrode was used in the machining. Two different powders namely TiC and Al2O3 were used in the study with kerosene as the dielectric medium. The powder types and currents were manipulated to study their effects on the machined surface. The results show that increasing the current leads to increase in recast layer thickness, and the cracks. The Al2O3 powder gave higher layer thickness than TiC powder. TiC Powder addition also produced higher hardness, more tool material and carbon depositions on the work surface than Al2O3 powder.
Optimization of Alkaline Activator/Fly ASH Ratio on the Compressive Strength of Manufacturing Fly ASH-BASED Geopolymer
Authors: Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd Mustafa , Kamarudin H. , Abdulkareem Omar A.K.A. , Ghazali Che Mohd Ruzaidi , Rafiza A.R. , Norazian M.N.
Published: October 2011

Fly ash and a mixture of alkaline activators namely sodium silicate (Waterglass) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution were used for preparing geopolymer. The aim of this research is to determine the optimum value of the alkaline activator/fly ash ratio. The effect of the oxide molar ratios of SiO2/Al2O3, water content of the alkaline activator and the Waterglass% content were studied for each Alkaline activator/fly ash ratio. The geopolymers were synthesized by the activation of fly ash with alkaline solution at three different alkaline activator/fly ash ratios which were 0.3, 0.35, and 0.4 at a specific constant ratio of waterglass/NaOH solution of 1.00. The geopolymers were cured at 70°C for 24 h and cured to room temperature. Results revealed that the alkaline activator/fly ash ratio of 0.4 has the optimum amount of alkaline liquid, which shows the highest rate of geopolymerization compared to other ratios. A high strength of 8.61 MPa was achieved with 0.4 of activator/fly ash ratio and 14% of waterglass content.
The Sharp Indentation for Identifying Constitutive Relationship of Metallic Materials
Authors: Yao Bo , Cai Li Xun , Bao Chen
Published: October 2011

Based on a series of tests and elastic-plastic contact finite element analyses, a sharp indentation method for predicting the constitutive relationship of metallic materials was presented. Dependent on the dimensionless linear relationship which is independent of the hardening index n, a forecasting formula of constitutive parameters can be gotten and its form is much terser. The test results and finite element calculations show that, the predicted stress-strain curves are in agreement with the uniaxial tensile test results. The validity and precision of this method was certified by in-dentation tests on kinds of different materials.
Mircobial Sediment Solidification
Authors: Chen How Ji , Yang Ming Der , Tsai Wen Po , Chang Yung Hsuan
Published: October 2011

In recent years, the reservoir sediments have been a disturbance to Taiwan government, and are getting worse due to the climate change. Consequently, it becomes an urgent issue for the authority to dredge and dispose reservoir sludge effectively. Material researchers in civil engineering and environmental engineering, cooperating with microbiologists and geochemists, have recently attempted the solidification of sludge granules into sandstone-like materials employing microorganisms. The aim of this study is to investigate the approach to solidify sludge or soil particle rapidly to attain strength through the growth of bacteria and apply the technique in practical. In this research, we used Bacillus pasteurii in the solidification of reservoir sludge. The sludge used in the experiment has a moisture content of 40%. The change of bacteria broth culture concentration (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) and CaCl2 ratio in the culturing Urea-CaCl2 medium (10%, 30% and 70%) were used as the experimental variables. The culture broth was mixed directly with reservoir sludge to form a cubic specimen (50 mm x 50 mm x 50 mm), which was then used in compressive strength, XRD and SEM test. The test results showed that being cultured in 70%-CaCl2 medium, the specimen blended with 100% bacteria broth had the highest compressive strength. Compared with the blank samples (0% bacteria broth), the compressive strength was enhanced by approximately 13.48%. Also, it was suggested that the solidification by bacteria can indeed enhance the compressive strength of the cube. The sludge solidified with bacteria cultured in 70%-CaCl2 medium has the highest compressive strength. The result also showed that the higher the content of CaCl2 used in the culturing medium is, the more CaCO3 deposit is induced by the bacteria.
A Study on Magnetic Filter Controlling TiN Films Prepared by Arc Ion Plating
Authors: Shi Xin Wei , Li Xing Rui , Yao Ning , Wang Xin Chang , Song Kai Lan , Zhang Shui
Published: October 2011

TiN thin films were deposited by Arc Ion Plating(AIP) with or without Magnetic Filter(AIP or MFAIP) on silicon(Si) and high-speed steel(HSS) substrates,respectively.Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM),X-ray Diffraction(XRD),nanoindentation and microscratch tests were applied for microstructure and property investigation.SEM data showed that the AIP films are plagued with macro-particles(MPs),while the MFAIP films have no or less MPs.XRD showed that the MFAIP films have more obvious preferred orientation at (111) than the AIP films.Scratch Crack Propagation Resistance(CPRs) was introduced to evaluate the film adhesion properties in a scratch test.MFAIP films had higher adhesion.AIP films were susceptible to failure as the CPRs was lower.The MFAIP films had higher hardness than the AIP ones, due to the reason of less MPs in MFAIP films and more obvious preferred orientation.It was proposed that the MPs were effectively removed with the magnetic filter, so the properties of the MFAIP films were greatly improved.
Thickness Dependence of Structural and Optical Characteristics of AZO Thin Films for Organic Photovoltaic Cells
Authors: Wei S.L. , Zeng L.H. , Zhong Z.Y. , Gu J.H.
Published: October 2011

Aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin films with highly (002)-preferred orientation were grown on glass substrates by rf magnetron sputtering. The effect of thickness on structural and optical characteristics of the deposited films were investigated by X-ray diffractometer and spectrophotometer. The results show that the polycrystalline AZO films consist of the hexagonal crystal structures with c-axis as the preferred growth orientation normal to the substrate, and that the thickness significantly affects the crystal structure and optical properties of the thin films. With the increase of thickness, the crystallite size of the films increases, the lattice spacing, dislocation density, micro strain and optical energy gap decrease, and the average transmitance in the wavelength range of the visible spectrum also slightly decreases.
Structure and Compression Properties of Polyurethane-Imide Foams
Authors: Sang Xiao Ming , Wang Run Zeng , Chen Xing Gang , Zhang Lei , An Man , Shen Yi
Published: October 2011

A new generation of rigid polyurethane-imide foams were synthesized via the reaction of isocyanate terminated polyimide prepolymers extended by 3, 3-4, 4-benzo-phenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride with polyether polyol, and deionized water and pantane were used for blowing agent. The obtained polymers were analyzed with compression test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM analysis revealed the cellular structure with different density. The polyurethane-imide foams with high density had small cell diameter, thick film thickness and spherical shape. The opposite cellular structure appeared in low density polyurethane-imide foams with larger cell diameter, such as thin film thickness and polygonal cells. Compression tests exhibited the mechanical properties of PUIF increased with the density of polyurethane-imide foams increasing.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AZ81 Alloy with Gd
Authors: Zhou Wei , Li Quanan , Kang Hai Juan , Zhang Qing
Published: October 2011

The effect of Gd(gadolinium) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of aged AZ81 magnesium alloy were investigated. The results showed that 2wt.%Gd addition results in the obvious refinement of grain size, the decrease of β-Mg17Al12 phase and the formation of Al2Gd phase, and improves the mechanical properties of AZ81 alloy at room and high temperature. After the addition of 2wt.%Gd, the tensile strengths are enhanced from 203.2MPa to 249.3MPa at room temperature and from 157.2MPa to 197.3MPa at 150°C. Meanwhile, the elongations are increased.
Mechanism of Work Hardening of Mn13 after Asynchronous Cold Rolling
Authors: Wang Yan Feng , Qiu Chang Ming , Sun Hong Chan
Published: October 2011

The hardness of Mn13 can increase if taking asynchronous cold rolling technique .The mechanism of work hardening after asynchronous cold rolling is analyzed in depth by studying the microstructure and electron diffraction pattern with optical microscope, transmission electron microscope and X-ray electron diffract photographic camera. The research will make a contribution to theory and practice of Mn13.
Effect Evaluation of Slope Protection for Herbs Based on the Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Jiang Hao Hao
Published: October 2011

Slope protection with vegetation is a new technology which is using vegetation to preserve water and soil, so reduce slope instability and corrosion, simultaneously beautify ecological environment. Using vegetation for slope protection can protect slope, and can overcome the shortcoming of traditional slope protection ways.This article takes Northeast Forestry University tree farm as an experimental field. According to climatic conditions of northeast area, soil texture conditions of highway slopes and other conditions, this text selects 6 different common herbs to plant, observes ecology compatibility and preserving soil ability of each kind of plant, then uses mathematical method to appraise slope protection effect of each kind of plant.Results indicate that different type of grass has different slope protection effect.
The Law of the Grain Size Changing in the Warm Tension Test for the B340/590DP Dual-Phase Steel
Authors: Chen Yu Fang , Wang En Bo , Guo Yu Qin , Chen Wei
Published: October 2011

Based on the warm tension test and metallurgical microstructure observations, the change of the microstructure of B340/590DP dual-phase steel, especially the change of grain size in different strain rates and temperatures, was studied in this paper. The results of the experiment show that: in the warm tension tests of the dual-phase steel, both the dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization affect the grain size, and the influence of dynamic recrystallization is stronger. In different rates of extension, the microstructure all has the minimum grain sizes in the medium term of the dynamic recrystallization. In the medium term of the dynamic recrystallization under different rates of extension, the minimum grain sizes increase as strain rate drops. The temperature in which the minimum grain size forms decreases as strain rates drops.
Adsorption Behavior on Modified Fly Ash/EPDM Composite for Application in Machine Oil
Authors: Liu Xiu Qi , Xing He Qin
Published: October 2011

In our study, a new kind of material for machine oil adsorption was prepared by melt blending with EPDM as the matrix and modified fly ash as the filler. The effects of dicumylperoxide (DCP) and modified fly ash contents on the machine oil absorbency were studied. The results show that the machine oil absorbency reaches the highest value 473.49% for the composite with 2 wt % DCP and 25 wt % modified fly ash. Comparing the machine oil absorbency for three samples, the experimental result indicates that the machine oil absorbency of modified fly ash /EPDM composite was higher than that of fly ash and modified fly ash.
Detection for the Automatic Transmission of the Tractor Based on Spectroscopic Technology
Authors: Chen Li Dan
Published: October 2011

Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) is adopted to determine the contents of typical metal elements (Fe, Cu and Cr) in automatic transmission fluid (ATF) in this paper. The analysis and experimental results demonstrated that the contents of typical metal elements in ATF are higher as the running distance of the tractor is increased even though under the condition of the same driver and the same tractor. The contents of the metal elements, Fe, Cu and Cr, follow a specific function, of which correlation coefficient are respectively 0.998, 0.9974 and 0.9952. Consequently, the nondestructive detection for major components of automatic transmission is realized real-timely and reliability by the means of determining the contents of Fe, Cu and Cr in ATF using AAS quickly and accurately.
Building of Poly(Imino Ketone) Chains Model via Molecular Simulation
Authors: Chang Guan Jun , Xu Yi , Hu Hong Ju , Wei Li Dong , Sun Shang Fei , Sun Hai Yan , Liu Chang , Xu Ye Wei , Luo Xuan , Zhu Fang Hua , Zhang Lin , Lin Run Xiong
Published: October 2011

Based on different aromatic dibromides and diamines, using Material Studio software and molecular simulation method, Poly(imino ketone) (PIK), Poly(imino ketone ketone) (PIKK), Poly(imino imino ketone) (PIIK), Poly(imino imino ketone ketone) (PIIKK), Flourene-PIIK and Naphthyl-PIIK, respectively, were designed as six different structures of polymers. And through the method of molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics the single-molecule polymer chain model and the aggregation-state model with three-dimensional periodic boundary conditions would be built. Theoretically, the established model has been verified availably after optimization based on molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics.
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Properties of LiY(WO 4)(MoO 4): Eu 3+ Red Phosphors for White LEDs
Authors: Zhou Xian Ju , Zhou Tong Hui , Li Ying Mao , Feng Qiao Chun
Published: October 2011

A series of LiY(WO4)(MoO4):Eu3+red phosphors have been synthesized by solid state reactions at high temperatures. The effect of Eu3+doping concentration, calcination temperature, reaction time and ratio of W/Mo on the optical properties of the red phosphors are studied and optimized. The phase impurity and spectroscopic properties are characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Photo-Luminescence (PL) spectra respectively. It is found that all the samples can be excited efficiently both by near ultraviolet light (395 nm) and blue light (464.5 nm), which match well with the emission of GaN based LED chips. The luminescent intensity maximizes for the sample of Eu3+5 mol % in doping concentration (replacing Y) and W:Mo=1:1 in mole with calcinated of 750°C. To improve the dispersion and change the morphology of the phosphor powders, the sample is post-processed through ultrasonic dispersing method and the luminescent intensity of the post-treated sample increases by nearly 20%.
Preparation and Characterization of Konjac Glucomannan Gel
Authors: Xu Dong Ying , Liao Zheng Fu , Wang Hui
Published: October 2011

Konjac glucomannan (KGM) gel was prepared by alkali catalyzed in aqueous solutions. The structure of the KGM gel was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXRD). The gel point of KGM solutions was determined by steady state fluorescence method and It was observed that the gel point of the KGM solutions depend on the concentration of KGM, pH value and temperature effectively. The results showed that the molecular chain structure of KGM gel is more regular than that of the pure KGM.
Efficient Adsorption of NH4+ Ions on Modified Fly Ash/EPDM Environmentally Friendly Composite
Authors: Liu Xiu Qi , Xing He Qin
Published: October 2011

In our study, a new kind of NH4+ sewage water treatment composite was prepared by melt blending, with synthetic rubber EPDM as the matrix, modified fly ash as the filler. The removal rate of NH4+ increased with increasing pH (The range of pH investigated was 2.0-5.0.), the removal rate of NH4+ decreased with increasing pH (The range of pH investigated was 5.0-9.0.); increasing temperature made against the adsorption, “Room temperature” is the optimum temperature; the removal rate of NH4+ increased with increasing adsorption composite content. When the adsorption reached equilibrium, the removal rate was remain unchanged.
Study on Machining Dental Implants by Whirling Approach
Authors: Cheng E. Hsung , Lin Ming Jer , Tsai Tung Lin , Yeh Nan Ming
Published: October 2011

A dental implant is an artificial tooth root replacement. The making of titanium alloy dental implants requires a combination of processes such as turning, milling, boring, broaching, and threading. Threading is important since the outer profile of an implant consists mostly of thread. Thread whirling is the chosen process instead of conventional threading. The procedure contains the following advantages: (1)high metal removal rate, (2)good quality, (3)obtaining final profile in one lapse, and (4)long tool life. The research focuses on all aspects of applying thread whirling on the making of dental implant, including theoretical analysis, whirling tool design, and finally cutting procedure. The machining is performed in a Swiss-type lathe, Star SR-20R.
Finite Element Analysis and Topology Optimization of the Clamping Unit in a Two-Platen Injection Machine
Authors: Zhang Hua Wei , Xia Wei , Wu Zhi Heng
Published: October 2011

In this paper, the clamping unit of a two-platen injection molding machine was modeled by Pro/ENGINEER, and was imported to Altair HyperWorks. In HyperMesh module, the finite element model was set up, ANSYS has been used in the finite element analysis of the clamping unit and the deformation and stress results were obtained. Based on the topology optimization of HyperWorks/OptiStruct, recommendations to improve the structure of the clamping mechanism are presented; the results showed that less material was used while its performance was maintained.
Influence of Surface Treatments on Fretting Fatigue Life Prediction in TA15
Authors: Xu Li , Bian Gui Xue , Hu Jian Jun
Published: October 2011

The objective of this work was to evaluate life prediction methodologies involving fretting fatigue of TA15 materials with advanced surface treatments. Fretting fatigue tests were performed on TA15 specimens with and without advanced surface treatments. Laser shock processing and low plasticity burnishing have been shown to produce deep compressive residual stresses with relatively little cold work. Testing showed these advanced surface treatments improved fretting fatigue strength by approximately 50 %. This work presents a mechanics based liﬁng analysis of these tests that takes into account the local plasticity and the redistribution of residual stresses due to the contact loading. The use of superposition of the residual stresses into the contact stress analysis results in unconservative crack growth life predictions. Finite element analyses were conducted to predict the redistribution of residual stresses due to the contact loading. The redistributed residual stresses were used to make improved crack growth life predictions when possible. The results showed very little redistribution of residual stresses for the advanced surface treatments.