bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bottom-up modification boosts the performance of narrow-bandgap lead–tin perovskite single-junction and tandem solar cells
Authors: Zhang Wenjun , Huang Lishuai , Guan Hongling , Zheng Wenwen , Li Zhe , Cui Hongsen , Zhou Shun , Liang Jiwei , Li Guang , Wang Ti , Qin Pingli , Ke Weijun , Fang Guojia
Published: October 2023

GlyCl passivates the defects of narrow-bandgap Pb–Sn perovskites from bottom to up, boosting the solar cell efficiency from 14.28% to 22.07%.
Characterization of microplastics in water bottled in different packaging by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Gambino Isabella , Malitesta Cosimino , Bagordo Francesco , Grassi Tiziana , Panico Alessandra , Fraissinet Silvia , De Donno Antonella , De Benedetto Giuseppe Egidio
Published: October 2023

MPs were detected by Raman spectroscopy in bottled water from different packaging.
Urban stormwater management
Authors: Vezzaro Luca , Gilbert Nathalie , Lundy Lian , Torres Cajiao María Nariné , Zhang Kefeng
Published: October 2023

Introduction to the Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology themed issue on urban stormwater management.
Mechanisms of interesterified fat digestibility in a muffin matrix using a dynamic gastric model
Authors: Salt Louise J. , Mandalari Giuseppina , Parker Mary L. , Hussein Mahamoud , Mills Charlotte E. , Gray Robert , Berry Sarah E. , Hall Wendy , Wilde Peter J.
Published: October 2023

Industrially generated trans-fats have been linked with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and have thus been replaced by interesterified (IE) fats, in foods.
A cobalt-doped hollow ZnS polyhedra@porous carbon shell composite anode for high-rate sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Di Miaoxin , Song Zhenqi , Chen Suhua , Bai Ying
Published: October 2023

Cobalt-doped ZnS encapsulated in an N-doped carbon shells (Co-ZnS@NC) were designed and constructed, which can be activated with cobalt doping and optimize the Na+ diffusion kinetics and the electrical conductivity of electrodes.
The elemental pegging effect in locally ordered nanocrystallites of high-entropy oxide enables superior lithium storage
Authors: Leng Huitao , Zhang Panpan , Wu Jiansheng , Xu Taiding , Deng Hong , Yang Pan , Wang Shouyue , Qiu Jingxia , Wu Zhenzhen , Li Sheng
Published: October 2023

In this work, a high entropy oxide, (Mn0.23Fe0.23Co0.22Cr0.19Zn0.13)3O4, is prepared as anode material for lithium-ion batteries. It shows excellent rate and cycling stability due to the Zn pegging effect in the locally ordered nanocrystallites.
Compositional defects in a MoAlB MAB phase thin film grown by high-power pulsed magnetron sputtering
Authors: Sahu Rajib , Bogdanovski Dimitri , Achenbach Jan-Ole , Hans Marcus , Primetzhofer Daniel , Schneider Jochen M. , Scheu Christina
Published: October 2023

Various compositional defects such as Mo3Al2B4, Mo4Al3B4, Mo6Al5B6 and Al3Mo, together with MoB MBene, are observed to be coexisting in a MoAlB MAB phase thin film grown at 800 °C by high-power pulsed magnetron sputtering.
Thickness-modulated optical nonlinearity of colloidal CdSe–CdS core–shell nanoplatelets: large two-photon absorption and self-focusing effects
Authors: Xiang Wenbin , Zhu Baohua , Bai Chunzheng , Gu Bing , Lv Changgui , Zhang Jiayu
Published: October 2023

Thickness-modulated optical nonlinearity of colloidal CdSe/CdS core/shell nanoplatelets: large two-photon absorption and self-focusing effects.
Graphene-based biosensors for detecting coronavirus: a brief review
Authors: Abrha Filimon Hadish , Wondimu Tadele Hunde , Kahsay Mebrahtu Hagos , Fufa Bakare Fetene , Andoshe Dinsefa Mensur , Kim Jung Yong
Published: October 2023

The coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease has affected the globe with 770 437 327 confirmed cases, including about 6 956 900 deaths, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) as of September 2023.
The central core size effect in quinoxaline-based non-fullerene acceptors for high VOC organic solar cells
Authors: Ran Xinya , Shi Yanan , Qiu Dingding , Zhang Jianqi , Lu Kun , Wei Zhixiang
Published: October 2023

Based on the quinoxaline central core and branched alkyl chains at the β position of thiophene unit, three NFAs were synthesized. Fine-tuning the central core size can effectively optimize the molecular geometry and their photovoltaic performance.
Design and experimental realization of triple-band electromagnetically induced transparency terahertz metamaterials employing two big-bright modes for sensing applications
Authors: Wang Ben-Xin , Duan Guiyuan , Lv Wangze , Tao Yi , Xiong Han , Zhang Dong-Qin , Yang Guofeng , Shu Fang-Zhou
Published: October 2023

A triple-band electromagnetically induced transparency effect using two sub-resonators having the mechanism of two big-bright modes coupling is experimentally demonstrated, and the applications in sensing and slow light are also given.
Molecular mechanism of the transformation of oxidized lignin to N-substituted aromatics
Authors: Mu Xueli , Sun Shijie , Li Zhihao , Han Lingli , Lv Kang , Liu Tao
Published: October 2023

The mechanism of the transformation of an oxidized lignin model compound (ligninox) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride to N-substituted aromatics was derived from the results of DFT calculations.
Divergent synthesis of 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromen-2-one and fluorenone derivatives from ortho-alkynylarylketones
Authors: Jantrapirom Jantra , Palavong Nitwaree , Tummatorn Jumreang , Thongsornkleeb Charnsak , Ruchirawat Somsak
Published: October 2023

Divergent syntheses of 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromen-2-ones and fluorenones using ortho-alkynylarylketones as common precursors are reported. Using an Ag(i) catalyst and an acid led to benzochromenones while fluorenones were formed when only an acid was used.
Controllable synthesis of a Na-enriched Na4V2(PO4)3 cathode for high-energy sodium-ion batteries: a redox-potential-matched chemical sodiation approach
Authors: Xu Mingli , Zhang Fengxue , Zhang Yanhui , Wu Chen , Zhou Xue , Ai Xinping , Qian Jiangfeng
Published: October 2023

A phenazine-mediated ambient chemical sodiation strategy is first proposed to controllably synthesize a Na-enriched Na4V2(PO4)3 cathode, which serves as an endogenous Na+ reservoir to compensate for irreversible sodium loss of sodium-ion full cells.
Stretchable, recyclable thermosets via photopolymerization and 3D printing of hemiacetal ester-based resins
Authors: Wu You-Chi Mason , Chyr Gloria , Park Hyunchang , Makar-Limanov Anna , Shi Yuran , DeSimone Joseph M. , Bao Zhenan
Published: October 2023

We develop a platform for recyclable polyurethane-based thermosets fabricated by photopolymerization. Tunable mechanical properties and 3D printing are demonstrated, with mild acid-catalyzed degradation enabled by hemiacetal linkages.
RAFT-synthesis and self-assembly-induced emission of pendant diphenylalanine–tetraphenylethylene copolymers
Authors: Yonenuma Ryo , Mori Hideharu
Published: October 2023

Manipulation of the properties of aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) by combining self-assembling motifs has attracted significant interest as a promising approach to developing various advanced materials.
Molecular phylogenetics of Thysanoptera
Authors: CRESPI BERNARD , CARMEAN DAVID , VAWTER LISA , VON DOHLEN CAROL
Published: October 2023

Analyses of morphological data on the higher‐level phylogenetics of Thysanoptera have suggested two alternative hypotheses: (1) sister‐taxon status of the monophyletic suborders Terebrantia and Tubulifera. and (2) paraphyly of Terebrantia with respect to Tubulifera. Analyses of nucleotide sequence data from the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I and the nuclear gene I8S rONA using maximum parsimony. neighbour joining. and maximum likelihood provide strong support for the hypothesis of a sister‐taxon relationship between the Terebrantia and Tubulifera. These data resolve this long‐standing controversy in thysanopteran phylogenetics and provide a framework for further studies of higher‐level relationships in this order.
Cross‐Space Conduction Assessment Method of Network Attack Risk under the Strong Coupling Characteristics of Electric Power Cyber Physics
Authors: Qiu Shenjian , Fei Jiaxuan , Wang Jian
Published: October 2023

With the deep integration and wide application of advanced digital sensing, Internet of Things technology, and energy technology in power systems. Power information systems and physical systems are gradually being coupled and developed into power cyber–physical systems (CPS). A number of blackouts in recent years have shown that cyberspace cyber attacks on CPS can lead to the intensification and rapid spread of faults in the physical space of the power grid, and even system collapse. Aiming at the difficulty of analyzing the evolution of cyber–physical cross‐space impacts of cyber‐attacks, this paper proposes a cross‐domain propagation impact assessment method that considers cyber–physical coupling risks caused by attacks. First, according to the multiple coupling relationship between the power system information space and physical space, the monitoring function model and the control function model are established. Second, under the effect of high‐concealment attack, analyze the impact of the risk caused by its failure after it is transmitted to the physical space with different propagation probabilities. Finally, the experimental verification was carried out using the IEEE RTS79 standard test system. The simulation results show that the proposed method can comprehensively consider the cyber–physical energy supply coupling relationship, the risk propagation probability, and the operating characteristics of the information system, and effectively quantify and evaluate the impact of information space network attacks on the physical space entity power grid. It further reveals the objective law that information space risks can evolve and spread across domains under the condition of strong coupling of information physics.
Rosette‐scan tomographic single‐pixel imager
Authors: Duvenage A. , du Plessis W. P.
Published: October 2023

Spin‐scan tomographic scanning imagers utilise a reticle with a fixed number of thin slits and nutating optics, and have produced images and video at both infrared and optical wavelengths. However, the fixed nature of these systems reduces their versatility by restricting changes that can be made after manufacture. An alternative rosette‐scan tomographic scanning imager based on similar concepts is proposed to overcome this limitation. A single thin‐slit reticle is rotated to be perpendicular to the line scan angle of each rosette petal, thereby allowing tomographic reconstruction. The parameters of the proposed system can be dynamically changed to achieve different trade‐offs between resolution and frame rate. Initial results obtained from a proof‐of‐concept prototype demonstrate the feasibility of this approach.
Fault compensations in resonant grounded power systems with residual current compensation inverters using an adaptive nonlinear extended state observer‐based model predictive controller
Authors: Fernando Warnakulasuriya Sonal Prashenajith , Mahmud Md Apel
Published: October 2023

This paper proposes a new adaptive nonlinear extended state observer‐based model predictive controller (ANLESO‐MPC) for residual current compensation (RCC) inverters to compensate fault characteristics in resonant grounded power systems (RGPSs). In the proposed scheme, the adaptation feature is used to adapt the adjustable inductor appearing in the dynamical model of RGPSs by satisfying the desired fault current compensation requirement which in turn will ensure the resonance condition. Since the adapted parameter is used in the control signal, the ANLESO‐MPC offers robustness against parameter sensitivity. The neutral voltage is considered as a disturbance and the change in this voltage as an extended state to estimate this disturbance while incorporating the adapted parameter so that the adaptive nonlinear extended state observer (ANLESO) provides robustness against disturbances. Finally, the model predictive controller (MPC) is designed for the RCC inverter utilizing estimated disturbances and adapted parameters to fully achieve the fault current compensation. The performance of the controller is evaluated using simulations in MATLAB/Simulink and OPAL‐RT real‐time platforms under varying fault impedances as the fault characteristics change with variations in the fault impedance. Results are also compared with a conventional MPC where the proposed ANLESO‐MPC seems more effective to compensate fault characteristics.
Modelling deuterated isotopologues of methanol towards the pre-stellar core L1544
Authors: Riedel W. , Sipilä O. , Redaelli E. , Caselli P. , Vasyunin A. I. , Dulieu F. , Watanabe N.
Published: October 2023

Context. In the extremely cold and dark environments of pre-stellar cores, methanol is formed on the surface of interstellar dust grains and released into the gas phase via non-thermal desorption mechanisms. Gaseous methanol constitutes the starting point for the formation of many massive complex organic molecules and is therefore of utmost importance for the build-up of chemical complexity.

Aims. We aim to improve upon a previous model for the prediction of column densities and deuterium fractions of non-deuterated and singly deuterated methanol. Thereby, we try to identify crucial chemical and physical parameters for which the study of deuteration could provide valuable additional constraints.

Methods. We employed a gas-grain chemical code to devise a model that is in agreement with the observed column density and deuterium fraction profiles of the innermost region of the pre-stellar core L1544. For that purpose, we developed a new treatment of reactive desorption, deriving an individual reactive desorption efficiency for every product species in a chemical reaction that depends on the reaction enthalpy and type of the underlying surface. Furthermore, we explored several options to promote the diffusion of hydrogen and deuterium atoms over the surface of interstellar dust grains in order to increase methanol formation.

Results. Our fiducial model employs diffusion via the quantum tunnelling of hydrogen and deuterium atoms, resulting in CH3OH and CH2DOH column densities that are approximately an order of magnitude lower than the observed values, which is an improvement over the results of the previous model by a factor of 10. The N(CH2DOH)/N(CH3OH) ratio is reproduced within a factor of 1.2 for the centre and 1.8 for the position of the methanol peak. Given the large uncertainties that chemical models typically have, we consider our predictions to be in agreement with the observations. In general, we conclude that a diffusion process with a high diffusion rate needs to be employed to obtain methanol column densities that are in accordance with the observed values. Also, we find that the introduction of abstraction reactions into the methanol formation scheme suppresses deuteration when used in combination with a high diffusion rate.
NA-SODINN: A deep learning algorithm for exoplanet image detection based on residual noise regimes
Authors: Cantero C. , Absil O. , Dahlqvist C.-H. , Van Droogenbroeck M.
Published: October 2023

Context. Supervised deep learning was recently introduced in high-contrast imaging (HCI) through the SODINN algorithm, a con-volutional neural network designed for exoplanet detection in angular differential imaging (ADI) datasets. The benchmarking of HCI algorithms within the Exoplanet Imaging Data Challenge (EIDC) showed that (i) SODINN can produce a high number of false positives in the final detection maps, and (ii) algorithms processing images in a more local manner perform better.

Aims. This work aims to improve the SODINN detection performance by introducing new local processing approaches and adapting its learning process accordingly.

Methods. We propose NA-SODINN, a new deep learning binary classifier based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) that better captures image noise correlations in ADI-processed frames by identifying noise regimes. The identification of these noise regimes is based on a novel technique, named PCA-pmaps, which allowed us to estimate the distance from the star in the image from which background noise started to dominate over residual speckle noise. NA-SODINN was also fed with local discriminators, such as signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) curves, which complement spatio-temporal feature maps during the model’s training.

Results. Our new approach was tested against its predecessor, as well as two SODINN-based hybrid models and a more standard annular-PCA approach, through local receiving operating characteristics (ROC) analysis of ADI sequences from the VLT/SPHERE and Keck/NIRC-2 instruments. Results show that NA-SODINN enhances SODINN in both sensitivity and specificity, especially in the speckle-dominated noise regime. NA-SODINN is also benchmarked against the complete set of submitted detection algorithms in EIDC, in which we show that its final detection score matches or outperforms the most powerful detection algorithms.

Conclusions. Throughout the supervised machine learning case, this study illustrates and reinforces the importance of adapting the task of detection to the local content of processed images.
A fast test for the identification and confirmation of massive black hole binaries
Authors: Dotti Massimo , Rigamonti Fabio , Rinaldi Stefano , Del Pozzo Walter , Decarli Roberto , Buscicchio Riccardo
Published: October 2023

We present a new observational test to identify massive black hole binaries in large multi-epoch spectroscopical catalogues and to confirm already proposed binary candidates. The test is tailored for binaries with large enough separations to allow each black hole to retain its own broad line region (BLR). Within this limit, the fast variability of active galactic nuclei (AGN) typically observed over months cannot be associated to the much longer binary period and is assumed (as for the case of single black holes) to be the consequence of the evolution of the innermost regions of the two accretion discs. A simple analysis of the cross-correlation between different parts of individual broad emission lines can therefore be used to identify the presence of two massive black holes whose continua vary independently of each other. Our analysis indicates that, to be less affected by the noise in the spectra, the broad lines should be divided into two parts of almost equal flux. This ensures that, in the single massive black hole scenario, the cross-correlation will always be strong. With monitoring campaigns similar to those performed for reverberation mapping studies, inversely, a binary can show any value of the cross-correlation and can therefore be distinguished from a standard AGN. This new test can be performed over timescales that are orders of magnitude shorter than the alternative tests already discussed in the literature, and can be a powerful complement to the massive black hole binary search strategies already in place.
Debiased population of very young asteroid families
Authors: Vokrouhlický D. , Nesvorný D. , Brož M. , Bottke W. F.
Published: October 2023

Context. Asteroid families that are less than one million years old offer a unique possibility to investigate recent asteroid disruption events and test ideas about their dynamical evolution. Observations provided by powerful all-sky surveys have led to an enormous increase in the number of detected asteroids over the past decade. When the known populations are well characterized, they can be used to determine asteroid detection probabilities, including those in young families, as a function of their absolute magnitude.

Aims. We use observations from the Catalina Sky Survey (CSS) to determine the bias-corrected population of small members in four young families down to sizes equivalent to several hundred meters.

Methods. Using the most recent catalog of known asteroids, we identified members from four young families for which the population has grown appreciably over recent times. A large fraction of these bodies have also been detected by CSS. We used synthetic populations of asteroids, with their magnitude distribution controlled by a small number of parameters, as a template for the bias-corrected model of these families. Applying the known detection probability of the CSS observations, we could adjust these model parameters to match the observed (biased) populations in the young families.

Results. In the case of three families, Datura, Adelaide, and Rampo, we find evidence that the magnitude distribution transitions from steep to shallow slopes near 300 to 400 meters. Conversely, the Hobson family population may be represented by a single power-law model. The Lucascavin family has a limited population; no new members have been discovered over the past two decades. We consider a model of parent body rotational fission with the escaping secondary tidally split into two components (thereby providing three members within this family). In support of this idea, we find that no other asteroid with absolute magnitude H ≤ 18.3 accompanies the known three members in the Lucascavin family. A similar result is found for the archetypal asteroid pair Rheinland–Kurpfalz.
No random transits in CHEOPS observations of HD 139139
Authors: Alonso R. , Hoyer S. , Deleuil M. , Simon A. E. , Beck M. , Benz W. , Florén H.-G. , Guterman P. , Borsato L. , Brandeker A. , Gandolfi D. , Wilson T. G. , Zingales T. , Alibert Y. , Anglada G. , Bárczy T. , Barrado Navascues D. , Barros S. C. C. , Baumjohann W. , Beck T. , Billot N. , Bonfils X. , Broeg Ch. , Charnoz S. , Collier Cameron A. , Corral van Damme C. , Csizmadia Sz. , Cubillos P. E. , Davies M. B. , Deline A. , Delrez L. , Demangeon O. D. S. , Demory B.-O. , Ehrenreich D. , Erikson A. , Fortier A. , Fossati L. , Fridlund M. , Gillon M. , Güdel M. , Günther M. N. , Heitzmann A. , Helling Ch. , Isaak K. G. , Kiss L. L. , Kopp E. , Lam K. W. F. , Laskar J. , Lecavelier des Étangs A. , Lendl M. , Magrin D. , Maxted P. F. L. , Mordasini Ch. , Nascimbeni V. , Olofsson G. , Ottensamer R. , Pagano I. , Pallé E. , Peter G. , Piotto G. , Pollacco D. , Queloz D. , Ragazzoni R. , Rando N. , Rauer H. , Ribas I. , Santos N. C. , Scandariato G. , Ségransan D. , Smith A. M. S. , Sousa S. G. , Stalport M. , Szabó Gy. M. , Thomas N. , Udry S. , Ulmer B. , Van Grootel V. , Venturini J. , Verrecchia F. , Walton N. A.
Published: October 2023

Context. The star HD 139139 (a.k.a. ‘the Random Transiter’) is a star that exhibited enigmatic transit-like features with no apparent periodicity in K2 data. The shallow depth of the events (~200 ppm – equivalent to transiting objects with radii of ~1.5 R⊕ in front of a Sun-like star) and their non-periodicity constitute a challenge for the photometric follow-up of this star.

Aims. The goal of this study is to confirm with independent measurements the presence of shallow, non-periodic transit-like features on this object.

Methods. We performed observations with CHEOPS for a total accumulated time of 12.75 days, distributed in visits of roughly 20 h in two observing campaigns in years 2021 and 2022. The precision of the data is sufficient to detect 150 ppm features with durations longer than 1.5 h. We used the duration and times of the events seen in the K2 curve to estimate how many events should have been detected in our campaigns, under the assumption that their behaviour during the CHEOPS observations would be the same as in the K2 data of 2017.

Results. We do not detect events with depths larger than 150 ppm in our data set. If the frequency, depth, and duration of the events were the same as in the K2 campaign, we estimate the probability of having missed all events due to our limited observing window would be 4.8%.

Conclusions. We suggest three different scenarios to explain our results: 1) Our observing window was not long enough, and the events were missed with the estimated 4.8% probability. 2) The events recorded in the K2 observations were time critical, and the mechanism producing them was either not active in the 2021 and 2022 campaigns or created shallower events under our detectability level. 3) The enigmatic events in the K2 data are the result of an unidentified and infrequent instrumental noise in the original data set or its data treatment.
Heavy-duty vehicle emission characteristics based on the remote-monitoring three-bin moving-average window method
Authors: Guo Dongdong , Yu Quanshun , Ren Shuojin , Wang Tao , Shao Pengfei , Yang Jianglong , Shi Fulu , Li Tengteng , Zhang Chao
Published: October 2023

A three-bin moving average window (3B-MAW) model was proposed and compared with the work-based window method (WB-WM) to investigate the on-road emission characteristics of heavy-duty vehicles. The invalid data of remote monitoring were mainly composed of the NOx sensor’s abnormal data and the uploaded data after the engine shutdown. In the 3B-MAW model, each data was attributed to one, two or three bins. The percentage of the three bins were linked to the vehicle’s real driving conditions. In order to gain the emission calculation accuracy and a smaller scale of required data, the value of the four main parameters, i.e., the minimum window number, the window width, the first cut-off and the second cut-off are set around 2 400 s, 300 s, 6% and 20%, respectively. Since the window power is no longer required, the 3B-MAW method is able to capture the low load emission characteristics more effectively, compared to the WB-WM. Therefore, the 3B-MAW method is a more appreciate approach to analyse on-road random driving conditions.
Carbon Emission and Economic Growth within the context of global warming
Authors: Zhang Minghao
Published: October 2023

As the global community converges upon the imperative of sustainability and the overarching objective of attaining net-zero carbon emissions, understanding nuanced interrelationships in environmental economics becomes paramount. By comprehending the connection between carbon emissions and economic growth, economies may implement sustainable energy policies and develop energy resources. The main objective of this study is to give a broad overview of the relationship between CO2 emissions and economic development in different countries. Within the framework of this study, historical data have been meticulously collected during the past three decades (1990-2020). The analysis scrutinizes prominent trajectories of GDP and carbon emissions for a cohort of representative nations spanning recent decades, stratifying them in accordance with their stipulated net-carbon emission benchmarks. The denouement of the article accentuates the symbiotic interplay between carbon emissions and economic ascension, proffering sagacious objectives for sovereign entities to contemplate.
Study on Limit Margin of Rising and Cooling Rate in Primary Circuit of CPR1000 Unit
Authors: Fang Xing , Zheng Dengke
Published: October 2023

The thermal conductivity of waste heat removal system of CPR1000 unit is analyzed, and the rate margin of primary circuit is studied. In this study, the design parameters of a domestic CPR1000 residual heat removal system are used to study the primary loop temperature margin according to the different core states, and the primary loop temperature margin according to the different valve openings of the residual heat removal system (RRA) . The results show that the CPR1000 unit has a large margin in cooling down, but there is no room for improvement in the process of heating up. Therefore, it is necessary for CPR1000 unit to enhance the effect of primary loop heating and cooling rate on primary loop thermal stress, material and control operation of system equipment.
Research on PDC drilling parameter optimization based on dynamic drilling strategy
Authors: Zhou Dong , Li Jiyang , Xu Haitao
Published: October 2023

Drilling parameters optimization is very important for practical engineering drilling, and the rationality of the selected optimization mode directly affects the accuracy of the parameters obtained. The maximum bit performance curve which can reflect the relationship between the depth reached by a single bit and the maximum drilling speed is introduced, which provides a method basis for preparing multi-bit drilling program and dynamic drilling strategy. Through the dynamic drilling strategy, the optimal bit operation combination is provided, so as to achieve the minimum drilling cost in a long drilling interval. The study shows that dynamic drilling strategy as a new drilling optimization method has high cost-effectiveness. The calculation example shows that the design method saves 18% of the cost compared with the drilling optimization method, and 40% of the cost compared with the drilling process without optimization treatment.
Topology optimization methods for additive manufacturing: a review
Authors: El Khadiri Issam , Zemzami Maria , Nguyen Nhan-Quy , Abouelmajd Mohamed , Hmina Nabil , Belhouideg Soufiane
Published: October 2023

Topology optimization is widely recognized for its ability to determine the best distribution of material in a structure to optimize its stiffness. This process often leads to creative configurations that produce complicated geometries challenging to construct using traditional techniques. Additive manufacturing has recently received a lot of interest from academics as well as industry. When compared to traditional methods, additive manufacturing or 3D printing offers considerable benefits (direct manufacture, time savings, fabrication of complex geometries, etc.). Recently, additive manufacturing techniques are increasingly being employed in industry to create complex components that cannot be produced using standard methods. The primary benefit of these techniques is the amount of creative flexibility they give designers. Additive manufacturing technology with higher resolution output capabilities has created a wealth of options for bridging the topology optimization and product application gap. This paper is a preliminary attempt to determine the key aspects of research on the integration of topology optimization and additive manufacturing, to outline topology optimization methods for these aspects with a review of various scientific and industry applications during the last years.
Medical Cannabis Legalization: No Contribution to Rising Stimulant
Rates in the USA
Authors: Alexander Garrett D. , Cavanah Luke R. , Goldhirsh Jessica L. , Huey Leighton Y. , Piper Brian J.
Published: October 2023

Introduction There has been a pronounced increase in the use of Schedule
II stimulants to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the
United States over the last two decades. Interestingly, chronic medical cannabis
(MC) use can present with cognitive impairments that resemble ADHD symptoms.
This study aimed to determine if MC legalization increased prescription
stimulant distribution.

Methods Information on the distribution of methylphenidate, amphetamine,
and lisdexamfetamine for 2006 to 2021 was extracted from the Drug Enforcement
Administration’s comprehensive database and the three-year
population-corrected slopes of stimulant distribution before and after MC
program implementation were compared.

Results We found a significant main effect of time
(p<0.001); however, contrary to the hypothesis, the sales status
of states’ MC, did not influence slopes of distribution
(p=0.391). There was a significantly large interaction effect of
time and MC sales status on slopes of distribution (p<0.001).
Slopes of distribution rates of stimulants were significantly lower in states
that proceeded to legalize MC prior to MC program implementation than those
states that did not (p=0.022). After MC program implementation,
however, the distribution rates of the Schedule II stimulants were not
significantly different when comparing states with MC sales to those without
(p=0.355).

Discussion These findings suggest that MC program legalization did not
contribute to certain states having rapid increases in Schedule II stimulant
distribution rates over time. Other factors, including the liberalization of the
adult ADHD diagnostic criteria in the DSM-5 and the introduction of Binge Eating
Disorder, also likely contributed to elevations in stimulant distribution.
Making the Case for Hyperosmolar Saline Arthroscopic Irrigation Fluids: A Systematic Review of Basic Science, Translational, and Clinical Evidence
Authors: Oladeji Lasun O. , Stoker Aaron M. , Kuroki Keiichi , Stannard James P. , Cook James L.
Published: October 2023

Commonly used isotonic arthroscopic irrigation fluids, such as normal saline or lactated Ringer's, were initially formulated for intravenous administration so they do not replicate the physiologic properties of healthy synovial fluid. Synovial fluid plays an important role in regulating joint homeostasis such that even transient disruptions in its composition and physiology can be detrimental. Previous studies suggest that hyperosmolar solutions may be a promising alternative to traditional isotonic fluids. This manuscript sought to systematically review and synthesize previously published basic science, translational, and clinical studies on the use of hyperosmolar arthroscopic irrigation fluids to delineate the optimal fluid for clinical use. A systematic literature search of MEDLINE/PubMed and Embase databases was performed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search phrases were: (“cartilage” AND “hyperosmolar”); (“arthroscopy” OR “arthroscopic” AND “hyperosmolar”). The titles, abstracts, and full texts were screened for studies on hyperosmolar solutions and articular cartilage. Study quality was assessed, and relevant data were collected. A meta-analysis was not performed due to study heterogeneity. A risk of bias assessment was performed on the included translational and clinical studies. There were 10 basic science studies, 2 studies performed in translational animal models, and 2 clinical studies included in this review. Of the basic science studies, 7 utilized a mechanical injury model. The translational studies were carried out in the canine shoulder and equine stifle (knee) joint. Clinical studies were performed in the shoulder and knee. Multiple basic science, translational, and clinical studies highlight the short-term safety, cost-effectiveness, and potential benefits associated with use of hyperosmolar solutions for arthroscopic irrigation. Further work is needed to develop and validate the ideal formulation for a hyperosmolar irrigation solution with proven long-term benefits for patients undergoing arthroscopic surgeries.
Combined Application of a Novel Robotic System and Exoscope for Microsurgical Anastomoses: Preclinical Performance
Authors: Wessel Kai J. , Wendenburg Isa , Gorji Shaghayegh , Dermietzel Alexander , Aitzetmueller Matthias M. , Varnava Charalampos , Wiebringhaus Philipp , Klietz Marie-Luise , Hirsch Tobias , Kueckelhaus Maximilian
Published: October 2023

Background The concept of robotic microsurgery is becoming increasingly known as several robotic systems tailored to the specific needs of microsurgery are being introduced. Training with these devices is essential to draw conclusions about their potential clinical utility. This study describes the training and learning curve of experienced microsurgeons and complete novices using such a robotic surgical system in combination with an exoscope.

Methods Four experienced microsurgeons and three complete novices performed a total of 62 manual and robot-assisted anastomoses. The time for anastomosis completion and surgeon's satisfaction with the anastomosis and with the robotic system were recorded. The anastomoses' quality was assessed using the Structured Assessment of Microsurgery Skills (SAMS) and the Anastomosis Lapse Index (ALI). The Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) was used for ergonomics evaluation.

Results All expert microsurgeons and novices improved their performance during training. The average anastomosis time decreased significantly, while satisfaction with the anastomosis and robotic system increased significantly over time. Multiple SAMS score parameters increased significantly throughout robotic but not manual training and the ALI score demonstrated more errors in the manual group. The REBA score displayed a significantly lower risk for musculoskeletal disorders in the robotic group.

Conclusion Currently, the first clinical applications of robotic surgical systems specifically designed for microsurgery are being reported. The introduction of such systems into clinical practice can be expected to have a steep learning curve, as demonstrated in our study. Meanwhile, robotic systems for microsurgical procedures may hold great potential for improvement of surgical quality and ergonomics.
Multi-optical parameter simulation of spatially offset Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Renjie , Zhang Xianbiao , Hu Chunrui , Chen Chang
Published: October 2023

Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy (SORS) has extensively been studied as a non-invasive technique that can detect the internal composition below the surface of turbid samples. A critical application of SORS is to identify unknown materials behind a highly scattering obstacle, such as plastic containers. The mechanism of SORS can be generally demonstrated as the photon migration theory; the Raman photons inside deeper samples are more likely to propagate laterally. However, a comprehensive view of the SORS mechanism still needs to be improved. In this work, a numerical simulation was carried out by the Monte Carlo algorithm to investigate the characteristics of SORS being affected by the various optical properties of materials, such as scattering coefficients, absorption coefficients, and refractive index. The key characteristics of SORS, such as detection depth, optimal offset, and signal intensity, were systematically analyzed in a monolayer medium and a bilayer medium. These findings provide important additional information on SORS theory and have important implications for the development of SORS as a reliable analytical tool in various fields, including biomedical research and environmental monitoring.
The receding contact line cools down during dynamic wetting
Authors: Kusudo Hiroki , Omori Takeshi , Joly Laurent , Yamaguchi Yasutaka
Published: October 2023

When a contact line (CL)—where a liquid–vapor interface meets a substrate—is put into motion, it is well known that the contact angle differs between advancing and receding CLs. Using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, we reveal another intriguing distinction between advancing and receding CLs: while temperature increases at an advancing CL—as expected from viscous dissipation, we show that temperature can drop at a receding CL. Detailed quantitative analysis based on the macroscopic energy balance around the dynamic CL showed that the internal energy change of the fluid due to the change of the potential field along the pathline out of the solid–liquid interface induced a remarkable temperature drop around the receding CL, in a manner similar to latent heat upon phase changes. This result provides new insights for modeling the dynamic CL, and the framework for heat transport analysis introduced here can be applied to a wide range of nanofluidic systems.
Tunable bifunctional acoustic logic gates based on topological valley transport
Authors: Ge Yong , Shi Binjie , Jia Ding , Sun Hong-xiang , Xue Haoran , Yuan Shou-qi , Zhang Baile
Published: October 2023

Valley degree of freedom has attracted great interest in the realization of topological edge states in acoustic systems owing to its rich valley-contrasting physics and great potential applications. However, the practice of valley acoustic topological insulators (ATIs) in designing tunable multifunctional devices without changing their structures still remains a great challenge. Here, we show that the antisymmetric and symmetric distribution nature of valley edge states in the valley ATIs with two different domain walls can be utilized to design tunable robust acoustic logic gates (ALGs). We experimentally demonstrate two types of tunable bifunctional ALGs (denoted as ALG-I and ALG-II), in which ALG-I is composed of a single domain wall, and ALG-II is constructed by a bent topological waveguide containing two domain walls. For ALG-I, the functions of logical inclusive OR and logical exclusive OR (denoted as OR and XOR, respectively) can be switched by actively tuning the phases of two input sound sources without changing the structure. For ALG-II, the logic functions OR and XOR can be implemented through the left and right incidences, respectively, of a pair of sound sources. Similarly, the switching of the logic functions OR and XOR on both sides of ALG-II can be realized by simply adjusting the phases of two sound sources. The designed ALGs have the advantages of simple structure, high robustness, as well as active tunability, leading to a wide range of potential applications in integrated acoustics, acoustic communications, and information processing.
Trapping and exciton-exciton annihilation assisted ultrafast carrier dynamics in nanosheets of 2H–MoSe2 and Cr doped 1T/2H–MoSe2
Authors: Mukherjee Soumya , NM Anjan Kumar , Mondal Ayan , Mahalingam Venkataramanan , Kamaraju N.
Published: October 2023

Nanosheets of transition metal dichalcogenides with prospects of photocatalysis and optoelectronics applications have significant potential in device fabrication due to their low-cost production and easily controllable morphology. Here, non-degenerate pump-probe differential transmission studies with varying pump-fluence have been carried out on single-phase 2H–MoSe2 and mixed-phase 1T/2H–MoSe2 nanosheets to characterize their excited carrier dynamics. For both the samples, the differential probe transmission data show photo-induced bleaching at earlier pump-probe delay followed by photo-induced absorption unveiling signatures of exciton-state filling, exciton trapping, defect-mediated photo-induced probe absorption and recombination of defect bound excitons. The exciton trapping and photo-induced absorption by the trapped-carriers are estimated to occur with time constant of ∼430 to 500 fs based on multi-exponential modelling of the differential transmission till pump-probe delay of ∼3.5 ps. Biexponential modeling of the subsequent slow-recovery of the negative differential transmission at pump-probe delay ≳3.5 ps reveals that the exciton recombination happens via two distinct decay channels with ∼25 to 55 ps (τ1) and ≳1 ns (τ2) time constants. Pump-fluence dependent reduction in τ1 and further modelling of exciton population using higher order kinetic rate equation reveals that the two-body exciton-exciton annihilation governs the exciton recombination initially with a decay rate of ∼10−8 cm3s−1. The detailed analysis suggests that the fraction of total excitons that decay via long decay channel decreases with increasing exciton density for 2H–MoSe2, in contrast to 1T/2H–MoSe2 where the fraction of excitons decaying via long decay channel remains constant.
Diffusion and thermodiffusion of the ternary system polystyrene + toluene + cyclohexane
Authors: Sommermann D. , Köhler W.
Published: October 2023

We have studied diffusion and thermodiffusion in the ternary system polystyrene + toluene + cyclohexane over the entire composition range of the binary solvent toluene + cyclohexane and for polymer concentrations up to 0.1 mass fractions by multi-color optical beam deflection. The polystyrene molar masses were 4.88 and 17.90 kg/mol. The inversion problem of the contrast factor matrix could be avoided by reasonable a priori assumptions about the diffusion eigenvectors. The fast mode of the bimodal dynamics is attributed to the interdiffusion of the two solvents at constant polymer concentration, whereas the slow mode is due to the diffusion of the polymer with respect to the binary solvent. The amplitude of the fast mode vanishes in the pure toluene and the pure cyclohexane limits of the mixed solvent. The amplitude of the slow mode increases with polymer concentration. The composition and temperature dependence of the slow diffusion eigenvalue, the hydrodynamic correlation length, and the Soret coefficient of the polymer reflect the transition from a good to a theta solvent with increasing cyclohexane content and with decreasing temperature. Due to cross diffusion, cyclohexane reverses its migration direction between the fast and the slow mode, leading to a positive thermodiffusion but a negative Soret coefficient. The polymer thermodiffusion coefficients during the slow mode vary by approximately a factor of two, depending on the solvent composition. Rescaling with the solvent viscosity collapses all data onto a single master curve with an extrapolated value of ηDT ≈ 6 × 10−15 Pa m2 K−1 in the dilute limit. This value is well known from various other binary polymer/solvent mixtures.
Systematic identification of conditionally folded intrinsically disordered regions by AlphaFold2
Authors: Alderson T. Reid , Pritišanac Iva , Kolarić Đesika , Moses Alan M. , Forman-Kay Julie D.
Published: October 2023

The AlphaFold Protein Structure Database contains predicted structures for millions of proteins. For the majority of human proteins that contain intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs), which do not adopt a stable structure, it is generally assumed that these regions have low AlphaFold2 confidence scores that reflect low-confidence structural predictions. Here, we show that AlphaFold2 assigns confident structures to nearly 15% of human IDRs. By comparison to experimental NMR data for a subset of IDRs that are known to conditionally fold (i.e., upon binding or under other specific conditions), we find that AlphaFold2 often predicts the structure of the conditionally folded state. Based on databases of IDRs that are known to conditionally fold, we estimate that AlphaFold2 can identify conditionally folding IDRs at a precision as high as 88% at a 10% false positive rate, which is remarkable considering that conditionally folded IDR structures were minimally represented in its training data. We find that human disease mutations are nearly fivefold enriched in conditionally folded IDRs over IDRs in general and that up to 80% of IDRs in prokaryotes are predicted to conditionally fold, compared to less than 20% of eukaryotic IDRs. These results indicate that a large majority of IDRs in the proteomes of human and other eukaryotes function in the absence of conditional folding, but the regions that do acquire folds are more sensitive to mutations. We emphasize that the AlphaFold2 predictions do not reveal functionally relevant structural plasticity within IDRs and cannot offer realistic ensemble representations of conditionally folded IDRs.
Diacylglycerol-dependent hexamers of the SNARE-assembling chaperone Munc13-1 cooperatively bind vesicles
Authors: Li Feng , Grushin Kirill , Coleman Jeff , Pincet Frederic , Rothman James E.
Published: October 2023

Munc13-1 is essential for vesicle docking and fusion at the active zone of synapses. Here, we report that Munc13-1 self-assembles into molecular clusters within diacylglycerol-rich microdomains present in phospholipid bilayers. Although the copy number of Munc13-1 molecules in these clusters has a broad distribution, a systematic Poisson analysis shows that this is most likely the result of two molecular species: monomers and mainly hexameric oligomers. Each oligomer is able to capture one vesicle independently. Hexamers have also been observed in crystals of Munc13-1 that form between opposed phospholipid bilayers [K. Grushin, R. V. Kalyana Sundaram, C. V. Sindelar, J. E. Rothman,
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, e2121259119 (2022)]. Mutations targeting the contacts stabilizing the crystallographic hexagons also disrupt the isolated hexamers, suggesting they are identical. Additionally, these mutations also convert vesicle binding from a cooperative to progressive mode. Our study provides an independent approach showing that Munc13-1 can form mainly hexamers on lipid bilayers each capable of vesicle capture.