bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alternative Payment Models and Associations With Stroke Outcomes, Spending, and Service Utilization: A Systematic Review
Authors: Brown Kelby , El Husseini Nada , Grimley Rohan , Ranta Annemarei , Kass-Hout Tareq , Kaplan Samantha , Kaufman Brystana G.
Published: November 2021

Stroke contributes an estimated $28 billion to US health care costs annually, and alternative payment models aim to improve outcomes and lower spending over fee-for-service by aligning economic incentives with high value care. This systematic review evaluates historical and current evidence regarding the impacts of alternative payment models on stroke outcomes, spending, and utilization. Included studies evaluated alternative payment models in 4 categories: pay-for-performance (n=3), prospective payments (n=14), shared savings (n=5), and capitated payments (n=14). Pay-for-performance models were not consistently associated with improvements in clinical quality indicators of stroke prevention. Studies of prospective payments suggested that poststroke spending was shifted between care settings without consistent reductions in total spending. Shared savings programs, such as US Medicare accountable care organizations and bundled payments, were generally associated with null or decreased spending and service utilization and with no differences in clinical outcomes following stroke hospitalizations. Capitated payment models were associated with inconsistent effects on poststroke spending and utilization and some worsened clinical outcomes. Shared savings models that incentivize coordination of care across care settings show potential for lowering spending with no evidence for worsened clinical outcomes; however, few studies evaluated clinical or patient-reported outcomes, and the evidence, largely US-based, may not generalize to other settings.
Assortative Matching of Exporters and Importers
Authors: Sugita Yoichi , Teshima Kensuke , Seira Enrique
Published: November 2021

This paper studies how exporting and importing firms match based on their capability by investigating the change in such exporter-importer matching during trade liberalization. During the recent liberalization of the Mexico-U.S. textile and apparel trade, exporters and importers often switch their main partners as well as change trade volumes. We develop a many-to-many matching model of exporters and importers where partner switching is the principal margin of adjustment, featuring Beckerian positive assortative matching by capability. Trade liberalization achieves efficient global buyer-supplier matching and improves consumer welfare by inducing systematic partner switching. The data confirm the predicted partner-switching patterns.
Serving the Underserved: Microcredit as a Pathway to Commercial Banks
Authors: Agarwal Sumit , Kigabo Thomas , Minoiu Camelia , Presbitero Andrea F. , Silva André F.
Published: November 2021

A large-scale microcredit expansion program—together with a credit bureau accessible to all lenders—can enable unbanked borrowers to build a credit history, facilitating their transition to commercial banks. Loan-level data from Rwanda show the program improved access to credit and reduced poverty. A sizable share of first-time borrowers switched to commercial banks, which cream-skim less risky borrowers and grant them larger, cheaper, and longer-maturity loans. Switchers have lower default risk than nonswitchers and are not riskier than other bank borrowers. Switchers also obtain better loan terms from banks compared with first-time bank borrowers without a credit history.
Has the Fed Responded to House and Stock Prices? A Time-Varying Analysis
Authors: Aastveit Knut Are , Furlanetto Francesco , Loria Francesca
Published: November 2021

We investigate whether the Federal Reserve has responded systematically to house and stock prices and whether this response has changed over time using a Bayesian structural VAR model with time-varying parameters and stochastic volatility. To recover the systematic component of monetary policy, we interpret the interest rate equation in the VAR as an extended monetary policy rule responding to inflation, the output gap, house prices, and stock prices. Our results indicate that the systematic component of monetary policy in the United States responded to real stock price growth significantly but episodically, mainly around recessions and periods of financial instability, and took real house price growth into account only in the years preceding the Great Recession. Around half of the estimated response captures the predictor role of asset prices for future inflation and real economic activity, while the remaining component reflects a direct response to stock prices and house prices.
Class Rank and Long-Run Outcomes
Authors: Denning Jeffrey T. , Murphy Richard , Weinhardt Felix
Published: November 2021

This paper considers an unavoidable feature of the school environment, class rank. What are the long-run effects of a student's ordinal rank in elementary school? Using administrative data on all public school students in Texas, we show that students with a higher third-grade academic rank, conditional on achievement and classroom fixed effects, have higher subsequent test scores, are more likely to take AP classes, graduate from high school, enroll in and graduate from college, and ultimately have higher earnings nineteen years later. We also discuss the necessary assumptions for the identification of rank effects and propose new solutions to identification challenges. The paper concludes by exploring the trade-off between higher-quality schools and higher rank in the presence of these rank-based peer effects.
Omitted Variable Bias of Lasso-Based Inference Methods: A Finite Sample Analysis
Authors: Wüthrich Kaspar , Zhu Ying
Published: November 2021

We study the finite sample behavior of Lasso-based inference methods such as post–double Lasso and debiased Lasso. We show that these methods can exhibit substantial omitted variable biases (OVBs) due to Lasso's not selecting relevant controls. This phenomenon can occur even when the coefficients are sparse and the sample size is large and larger than the number of controls. Therefore, relying on the existing asymptotic inference theory can be problematic in empirical applications. We compare the Lasso-based inference methods to modern high-dimensional OLS-based methods and provide practical guidance.
Summoning Aratron
Authors: Skemer Don C.
Published: November 2021

The article concerns a German magic roll of ca. 1700: Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodley MS. Germ. F. (5) R. It was compiled and written chiefly in German, with some Latin and Hebrew, for a gentleman or aristocrat, referenced and portrayed within the roll, to serve both as a textual amulet and prayer roll. The complex text is based on celestial spirits, seals and sigils, and Christian prayer, apotropaic texts, and religious imagery. The article discusses the Bodley roll’s provenance, internal organization, compilation, source texts, Paracelsian and other influences, and its hybrid function as a way to understand how magic survived and evolved in the Germanic world during the Age of Reason.
Integrative systematics illuminates the relationships in two sponge-associated hydrozoan families (Capitata: Sphaerocorynidae and Zancleopsidae)
Authors: Maggioni Davide , Schuchert Peter , Arrigoni Roberto , Hoeksema Bert W. , Huang Danwei , Strona Giovanni , Seveso Davide , Berumen Michael L. , Montalbetti Enrico , Collins Richard , Galli Paolo , Montano Simone
Published: November 2021

An integrated approach using morphological and genetic data is needed to disentangle taxonomic uncertainties affecting the hydrozoan families Sphaerocorynidae and Zancleopsidae. Here we used this approach to accurately characterise species in these families, identify the previously unknown polyp stages of the genera Euphysilla and Zancleopsis, which were originally described exclusively based on the medusa stages, describe a new sphaerocorynid genus and species, and assess the phylogenetic position of the two families within the Capitata. The monotypic genus Astrocoryne was found to be a synonym of Zancleopsis. Astrocoryne cabela was therefore transferred to the genus Zancleopsis as Zancleopsis cabela comb. nov. The new polyp-based genus and species Kudacoryne diaphana gen. nov. sp. nov. was erected within the Sphaerocorynidae. Both taxa are primarily based on genetic data, but the introduction of this new genus was made necessary by the fact that it clustered with the genera Heterocoryne and Euphysilla, despite showing Sphaerocoryne-like polyps. Interestingly, the species analysed in this work showed contrasting biogeographical patterns. Based on our data and literature records, some species appear to have a wide circumtropical range, whereas others are limited to few localities. Overall, these results lay the ground for future investigations aimed at resolving the taxonomy and systematics of these two enigmatic families.
A new minute riffle beetle (Coleoptera: Elmidae: Pagelmis) from the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: POLIZEI THIAGO T. S. , HAMADA NEUSA
Published: November 2021

The monotypic genus Pagelmis Spangler, 1981 was described from six thousand specimens of Pagelmis amazonica Spangler, 1981 collected with blacklight traps in Ecuador. For many years the known distribution of this genus was restricted to its type-locality, and recently it was recorded in Venezuela, Suriname and Brazil (Roraima State). Now, 40 years after the description of the genus, we describe the second Pagelmis species, based on male and female collected in the Amazon forest (Amazonas State, Brazil). With the description of the second species in the genus we provide an emended diagnosis of Pagelmis. Since adults of this genus were previously collected only in light traps, no habitat information was known. We collected adults of the new species in the first- and second-order streams with black, acidic water and sandy streambeds. The main substrates available in these streams were leaves and roots of riparian vegetation.
Sex and Prediction Error, Part 1: The Metapsychology of Jouissance
Authors: Dall’Aglio John
Published: November 2021

Jouissance is one of Jacques Lacan’s most impenetrable concepts. Yet it is essential to Lacan’s view of sex. The term is sometimes translated as “enjoyment,” but this misses key features of the concept, notably its “traumatic,” excessive character. This excess points to a structural negativity within the subject (i.e., the real), an original split that cannot be remedied. In this first of a series of three papers, it is proposed that “surplus prediction error”—as understood within contemporary neuropsychoanalysis—is a neural correlate for jouissance. In part 1, jouissance is explicated within Lacanian metapsychology, primarily in reference to Lacan’s real and symbolic registers. Jouissance is an excess enjoyment, outside of the binding, representational capacities of language. The real is the negativity or antagonism within the symbolic, the limit of language and meaning, the point where jouissance emerges. To clarify the relationships among these terms, their positions are traced in some of Freud’s major concepts, including drive, infantile sexuality, repetition, and the unconscious. A basic understanding of jouissance is necessary for the rest of this Lacanian neuropsychoanalytic project.
Failure to Rescue in Geriatric Trauma: The Impact of Any Complication Increases with Age and Injury Severity in Elderly Trauma Patients
Authors: Stonko David P. , Etchill Eric W. , Giuliano Katherine A. , DiBrito Sandra R. , Eisenson Daniel , Heinrichs Trevor , Morrison Jonathan J. , Haut Elliott R. , Kent Alistair J.
Published: November 2021

Introduction

The interaction of increasing age, Injury Severity Score (ISS), and complications is not well described in geriatric trauma patients. We hypothesized that failure to rescue rate from any complication worsens with age and injury severity.

Methods

The National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) was queried for injured patients aged 65 years or older from January 1, 2013 through December 31, 2016. Demographics and injury characteristics were used to compare groups. Mortality rates were calculated across subgroups of age and ISS, and captured with heatmaps. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of mortality.

Results

614,496 geriatric trauma patients were included; 151,880 (24.7%) experienced a complication. Those with complications tended to be older, female, non-white, have non-blunt mechanism, higher ISS, and hypotension on arrival. Overall mortality was highest (19%) in the oldest (≥86 years old) and most severely injured (ISS ≥ 25) patients, with constant age increasing across each ISS group was associated with a 157% increase in overall mortality ( P < .001, 95% CI: 148-167%). Holding ISS stable, increasing age group was associated with a 48% increase in overall mortality ( P < .001, 95% CI: 44-52%). After controlling for standard demographic variables at presentation, the existence of any complication was an independent predictor of overall mortality in geriatric patients (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 2.2-2.4).

Conclusions

Any complication was an independent risk factor for mortality, and scaled with increasing age and ISS in geriatric patients. Differences in failure to rescue between populations may reflect critical differences in physiologic vulnerability that could represent targets for interventions.
Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma of the Transverse Colon
Authors: Fitzgerald Katie , Slama Eliza M. , Bernescu Irina
Published: November 2021

While liposarcoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas, it is rarely seen within the gastrointestinal tract, and even less frequently seen within the colon. Dedifferentiated liposarcoma is a subtype of liposarcoma, which along with the pleomorphic subtype is considered a high-grade, aggressive tumor; both possess the ability to metastasize and are associated with decreased survival. Despite complete resection, recurrence is common. While surgical excision is the cornerstone of treatment for liposarcoma of the colon, there is no consensus on adjuvant therapies. We present the case of a 66-year-old woman who presented with abdominal pain with rectal bleeding and was found on colonoscopy to have a high-grade dedifferentiated liposarcoma of the transverse colon. She underwent robotic segmental colectomy. Due to absence of nodal involvement or distal metastasis, adjuvant therapy was not administered. On 1-year follow-up, the patient remains disease free.
Political Stability in Africa: A Cross-National Analysis
Authors: Tiruneh Gizachew
Published: November 2021

The main objective of this paper is to test the influence of Africa’s founding fathers and the impact of British colonial legacy on the political stability of Africa. We relied on a sample of 50 African countries and employed cross-sectional research designs, which covered two separate periods (1960–1989 and 1990–2018). Using logistic regression and OLS estimators and controlling for French colonial legacy, economic development, regime type, ethnic heterogeneity, and ethnic polarization, we found that the founding fathers were conducive to Africa’s political stability between 1960 and 2018. We also found that British colonial legacy had some impact on former British colonies’ stability between 1960 and 2018. In addition, GDP per capita had a significant impact on Africa’s political stability over the two periods.
Tainted by Stigma: The Interplay of Stigma and Moral Identity in Health Persuasion
Authors: Achar Chethana , Dunn Lea H. , Agrawal Nidhi
Published: November 2021

The current research examines the interactive effect of consumers’ moral identity and risk factor stigma on health message effectiveness. The authors theorize that engaging in advocated health behaviors has moral associations; however, a stigmatized risk factor in a message “taints” the morality of the advocated health behavior. Thus, consumers with high (vs. low) moral identity are more likely to comply with health messages when risk factor stigma is low, and this positive moral identity effect is undermined when risk factor stigma is high. The authors test stigma's threat to moral identity by measuring defensive processing (Studies 1 and 2) and the attenuating effect of self-affirmation on the negative effect of stigma (Studies 3 and 4). They apply the stigma-by-association principle to develop and test a messaging intervention (Study 5). The studies suggest that, depending on whether a health message contains stigmatized risk factors, marketers could employ a combination of tactics such as activating moral identity, offering self-affirming message frames, and/or highlighting low-stigma risk factors to bolster message effectiveness.
One Does Not Simply Teach Idioms: Meme Creation as Innovative Practice for Virtual EFL Learners
Authors: Smith Christopher A
Published: November 2021

To maximize the advantages of virtual learning, the present study highlights the potential for Internet meme design and creation in English language learning (ELL) courses as an innovative activity that raises student agency, increases multimodal literacy, inculcates intercultural communication, and teaches idiomatic expression. Memes resonate a multimodal feedback loop of popular culture. In the context of language education, multimodal literacy is a necessity for 21st-century education because the affordances of digital learning platforms present the world told alongside the world shown. While some studies feature the usefulness of memes in English as a foreign language (EFL) learning, none have underscored meme creation as a learning activity. To demonstrate the activity in situ, a vignette at two Korean universities features two instructors who ask their respective students ( N = 49) to design one meme using an idiom discovered in their ELL materials from a prescribed list, then asks: 1) What common power relations and ideologies emerge in the multimodal discourse of the collected pool of student “idiomemes”? 2) What do the findings tell us about student attitudes and engagement with the activity? 3) What do the findings tell us about the importance of multimodal discourse in EFL learning? Using a multimodal critical discourse analysis of the student-created Internet memes, the findings reveal that students chose culturally familiar images to complete the assignment, suggesting that their engagement and understanding of multimodal, English discourse increases commensurately with content intuitive to their culture. The implications suggest that empowering students with a measure of agency in expressing culturally relevant, multimodal discourse in ELL course content increases their engagement in virtual classrooms. Designing idiomemes, as a virtual learning activity, is further explored as a curricular augmentation that increases the value of a student's language-learning investment.
Cognitive Function Among Noncustodial Grandparents in China and the United States: A Cross-National Perspective
Authors: Pan Xi , Luo Ye , Bishop Nicholas Joseph
Published: November 2021

The current study aimed to investigate the association between grandparenting and cognitive function over time in noncustodial grandparents in China and the United States. Lagged dependent variable (LDV) approach and linear regression models were applied to analyze a sample of 1,411 Chinese and 6,579 American adults aged 65 and above from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2011–2013) and the U.S. Health and Retirement Study (HRS, 2012–2014). Grandparenting involvement was associated with less decline in episodic memory for grandparents and greater level of grandparenting had no negative effect on mental status and global cognitive function in noncustodial grandparents in China and the United States. The impact of grandparenting on cognitive function was conditioned on caregiving intensity, gender, urban/rural residence, and nation. Findings of the study suggest that greater attention on grandparenting facilitation might yield improved research, social support, policy, and interventions on cognitive health for the general older population.
Psychometric Analyses of the Challenges and Needs Survey for Family Caregivers of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Implications for Practice
Authors: Lee Gloria K. , Shivers Carolyn M.
Published: November 2021

Understanding the needs and stressors of caregivers of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) informs targeted support strategies. However, most caregiver needs measures lack the breadth of experiences relevant to these families. This study examined the underlying factor structure of the Challenges and Needs Survey (CANS), a caregiving needs measure designed for family caregivers of individuals with ASD. The sample consisted of 286 family caregivers. Participants completed the CANS either online or in the paper form. Exploratory factor analysis was used to examine the underlying structure of the measure. T-tests and correlations were used to compare results by age and gender of the participants. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in 39 items of four factors: autism-related challenges (child), functional challenges, psychological challenges (parent), and aggressive behaviors (child). Parents with both high stress and high needs reported the lowest levels of mental health functioning.
Management of brain malperfusion in acute type A aortic dissection
Authors: Jensen Christopher W. , Chen Edward P.
Published: November 2021

This review discusses the management of acute Type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) complicated by cerebral malperfusion (CMP). While prompt surgical repair is the accepted standard of care for ATAAD, there remains uncertainty and debate about the optimal management of the subgroup of ATAAD patients with CMP. Examined topics include overall survival and neurologic outcomes after surgical repair of ATAAD with CMP, how the severity of presenting neurologic deficits impacts the decision and timing of operation, predictors of postoperative neurologic recovery, and a suggested management algorithm for ATAAD with CMP based upon the best available clinical evidence.
The first 200 septal myectomies: Ensuring gold standard outcomes
Authors: Quintana Eduard , Bajona Pietro
Published: November 2021

Objectives

Septal myectomy remains the gold standard treatment for symptomatic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction refractory to medical treatment. It is recommended that this operation be performed in dedicated hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy centres by experienced surgeons. The septal myectomy option remains unavailable to many patients based solely on geography, including those who would clearly benefit more substantially from surgery than other therapeutic options. Here, we share our experience in starting new hypertrophic cardiomyopathy programmes.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed initial septal myectomy experiences at two hypertrophic cardiomyopathy programmes starting in 2014.

Results

Two-hundred septal myectomies were performed. Mean age was 58.8 years and 51% were females. Advanced heart failure symptoms were present in 95.5% of patients and 23.5% had experienced syncope. Mean maximal intraventricular gradient was 89 mmHg and 48.5% underwent concomitant procedures at the time of septal myectomy. There was no perioperative (in-hospital or 30 days) mortality. Ninety-two per cent had provoked left ventricular gradients of ≤ 15 mmHg and 97% had none/mild mitral regurgitation at post-operative assessment. In our contemporary cohort, there were 2 (1%) intraoperative ventricular septal defects and 5% required a permanent pacemaker.

Conclusions

Our early septal myectomy experience targeted a complex population, frequently in need of concomitant procedures. Abolition of left ventricular obstruction and resolution of systolic anterior motion mediated mitral regurgitation can be expected. The safety and efficacy of septal myectomy carried at hypertrophic cardiomyopathy centres by properly trained surgeons achieved the desired outcomes established by recent hypertrophic cardiomyopathy guidelines.
“You Cannot Get into My Taxi!” Perceptions of a COVID-19-based Rejection Episode Reported in the Newspapers
Authors: Vacchini Sabrina , Fasoli Fabio , Volpato Chiara
Published: November 2021

COVID-19-related incidents of xenophobia have hit the headlines. We asked participants to read about a rejection episode targeting a foreigner and we manipulated whether the rejection was motivated by COVID-19 fears or by no specific reasons. In the COVID-19 condition, the perpetrator was perceived as moral but as experiencing shame and guilt, while the target was seen as experiencing social pain. Helping intentions were predicted by either the perceived victim's social pain or morality and blame associated with the perpetrator.
“You are Irish—and as Irish as Me!”: Antiracism and National Identities in Ireland
Authors: Sambaraju Rahul
Published: November 2021

What is the role of national identities in doing antiracism? In social psychology, much research on racism has examined processes and practices of exclusion. Scant research however has examined practices of inclusion. In this paper, I examine practices of national majority group members doing antiracism in response to complaints by ethnic minority members about facing racism on Twitter about their national belonging. I examine these instances and responses to these in the Irish context, as in Ireland, being “Irish” can mean both ethnic and national identity. Findings show that respondents’ national identification was central to practices of inclusion, such as that of affirming the Irishness of those facing exclusion. For respondents’ national belonging was oriented to as significant for those complaining about inclusion, for themselves, and for those who were engaging in racist exclusion of ethnic minority members. Together the findings show that while national identities allow for antiracism, these problematically suppress the relevance of race in favor of nations and nationalisms.
Information dissemination during the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of librarians in Borno State Public Library
Authors: Joel Anthonia Peace , Camble Emmanuel
Published: November 2021

This study investigated information dissemination need in the era of COVID-19 pandemic taking into cognizance the role of librarians in Borno State public library. Three research questions were raised. This study adopted a descriptive survey research design. It was found that librarians’ roles included advising the public on how to avoid misinformation; highlighting the importance of social distancing; giving general instructions to library users on the use of face masks, handwashing and use of sanitizers; enlightening library users to avoid handshakes in or outside the library. Public libraries in Borno State can support researchers by drawing attention to the latest developments regarding vaccination; drawing relevant studies published in medical journals; providing free access to the latest literature on coronavirus. Based on this finding, it was recommended that librarians should disseminate information via existing and digital media platforms to educate users.
Quantification of monoacylglycerol lipase and its occupancy by an exogenous ligand in rhesus monkey brains using [18F]T-401 and PET
Authors: Hattori Yasushi , Seki Chie , Maeda Jun , Nagai Yuji , Aoyama Kazunobu , Zhang Ming-Rong , Minamimoto Takafumi , Koike Tatsuki , Higuchi Makoto
Published: November 2021

Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a cytosolic serine hydrolase that cleaves monoacylglycerols into fatty acids and is a potential target for the novel treatment of CNS disorders related to the endocannabinoid system and neuroinflammation. We have developed [18F]T-401 as a selective Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent for MAGL. In this study, we determined an analytical method to quantify MAGL availability and its occupancy by an exogenous inhibitor in rhesus monkey brains using [18F]T-401-PET. In rhesus monkeys, regional time-activity curves were described well when using an extended 2-tissue compartment model that accommodated the formation of a radiometabolite in the brain. This model yielded reliable estimates of the total distribution volume ( VT), and the rank order of VT was consistent with known regional activity of MAGL enzyme in primates. The pretreatment of monkeys with JW642 resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of [18F]T-401 retentions in the brain, and VT. Lassen's graphical analysis indicated a VND of 0.69 mL/cm3 and a plasma JW642 concentration of 126 ng/mL for inhibiting the specific binding by 50%. [18F]T-401 and the method established can be used for quantification of MAGL in healthy brain and in disease conditions, and is suitable for evaluations of target engagement at cerebral MAGL.
Fostering Patient Choice Awareness and Presenting Treatment Options Neutrally: A Randomized Trial to Assess the Effect on Perceived Room for Involvement in Decision Making
Authors: Pieterse Arwen H. , Brandes Kim , de Graaf Jessica , de Boer Joyce E. , Labrie Nanon H. M. , Knops Anouk , Allaart Cornelia F. , Portielje Johanna E. A. , Bos Willem Jan W. , Stiggelbout Anne M.
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Shared decision making calls for clinician communication strategies that aim to foster choice awareness and to present treatment options neutrally, such as by not showing a preference. Evidence for the effectiveness of these communication strategies to enhance patient involvement in treatment decision making is lacking. We tested the effects of 2 strategies in an online randomized video-vignettes experiment.

Methods

We developed disease-specific video vignettes for rheumatic disease, cancer, and kidney disease showcasing a physician presenting 2 treatment options. We tested the strategies in a 2 (choice awareness communication present/absent) by 2 (physician preference communication present/absent) randomized between-subjects design. We asked patients and disease-naïve participants to view 1 video vignette while imagining being the patient and to report perceived room for involvement (primary outcome), understanding of treatment information, treatment preference, satisfaction with the consultation, and trust in the physician (secondary outcomes). Differences across experimental conditions were assessed using 2-way analyses of variance.

Results

A total of 324 patients and 360 disease-naïve respondents participated (mean age, 52 ± 14.7 y, 54% female, 56% lower educated, mean health literacy, 12 ± 2.1 on a 3–15 scale). The results showed that choice awareness communication had a positive (Mpresent = 5.2 v. Mabsent = 5.0, P = 0.042, η2partial = 0.006) and physician preference communication had no (Mpresent = 5.0 v. Mabsent = 5.1, P = 0.144, η2partial = 0.003) significant effect on perceived room for involvement in decision making. Physician preference communication steered patients toward preferring that treatment option (Mpresent = 4.7 v. Mabsent = 5.3, P = 0.006, η2partial = 0.011). The strategies had no significant effect on understanding, satisfaction, or trust.

Conclusions

This is the first experimental evidence for a small effect of fostering choice awareness and no effect of physician preference on perceived room to participate in decision making. Physician preference steered patients toward preferring that option.
The return of the local state? Failing neoliberalism, remunicipalisation, and the role of the state in advanced capitalism
Authors: Paul Franziska Christina , Cumbers Andrew
Published: November 2021

Picking up on the manifestation of state intervention following the 2008 financial crisis, we argue that the recent trend towards remunicipalisation underlines but also problematises the thesis of new state capitalism. Remunicipalisation refers to a process whereby towns, cities and sub-national regions take previously privatised services and infrastructures back into public ownership. Remunicipalisation has led to the emergence of regionally- and municipally-owned state enterprises across a wide range of sectors including water, energy, waste, transport, education, (tele)communications, and health and social care. Engaging with the nature of the ‘new’ state capitalism, and particularly challenging its theoretically restrictive understanding of the state as ‘market enabler’, we highlight that remunicipalisations have often emerged in response to the failed promise of neoliberal capitalism to improve the quality and efficiency of public services through the (supposed) competitiveness of the free market. Like neoliberalism, remunicipalisations take spatially diverse and variegated forms as market-driven logics interact with other political and economic determinations. As such, remunicipalisations often encompass critiques of neoliberal governance and market volatility, and instead focus on the potential of regional wealth creation as well as stabilising local market dynamics through diversifying ownership forms. Drawing upon our ongoing empirical work on German remunicipalisation, we aim to foreground how multiple determinations at work in the German political economy at different spatial scales shape its particular trajectory out of neoliberal mutation. We show how the remunicipalisation of energy provider TEAG has enabled the local state to intervene and diversify the uneven economic geographies in the state of Thuringia.
Consumer culture, precarious incomes and mass indebtedness: Borrowing from uncertain futures, consuming in precarious times
Authors: Lloyd Anthony , Horsley Mark
Published: November 2021

In recent years, labour markets have been characterised by stagnant wages, reduced incomes and growing insecurity supplemented by the ongoing proliferation of outstanding payment obligations at almost all levels of economy and society. We draw upon current debates in social and economic theory to explore the disconnect between the deterioration of late capitalism’s distributive measures and the relative vitality of consumer cultures, suggesting that the latter relies substantially on immaterial, credit-based payment means to bridge the gap between the fundamental fantasy of ‘more and better’ and the decline of material productivity denoted by base rate of profit. We then use this disconnect as a breach-point for an in-depth interdisciplinary discussion of the substantive and ideological function of credit.
Observer design for four-wheel independent control electric vehicle states based on dual strong tracking filter
Authors: Zhang Bing , Zong Changfu , Xie Xinwang , Tian Lifeng , Chu Chunxu
Published: November 2021

High failure rate caused by distributed driving and the model uncertainty of the four-wheel independent control electric vehicle (FWI-EV) bring motion-state-identified challenges. For solving the identified problem and achieving accurate motion states of FWI-EV, this paper designs an innovative motion state observer based on dual strong tracking filter (DSTF), which consists of vehicle and driving identification layers. The strong tracking filter (STF) with time-varying fading factor is firstly introduced in driving identification layer to rapidly and accurately identify the driving torque mutation of driving system. The driving torque mutation is considered in the vehicle identification layer by data sharing between the two identification layers. The vehicle motion states fluctuated by driving torque mutation are accurately identified by vehicle identification layer based STF. The effectiveness of the design method has been validated by simulations.
Role and scope of overall equipment effectiveness implementation in Indian sugarmill industries: A justified approach
Authors: Singh Sandeep , Khamba Jaimal S , Singh Davinder
Published: November 2021

Indian process industries have come a long way to modify their technological aspects. Although consumption of processed beverages and food is booming around the globe, Indian process industries such as sugar mills are still struggling to make the best out of their resources. So, it is needful to implement a valuable strategy such as overall equipment effectiveness, which is a product of performance, quality and availability. This execution will enhance performance as well as production by mitigating the faults in the processes, operations and activities.

This study presents overall equipment effectiveness as a metric approach for measuring performance. Since limited literature is available regarding overall equipment effectiveness implementation in the processing units in India; there is great scope of this study and its benefits. This study will enhance the knowledge of the stakeholders as well as researchers and will encourage overall equipment effectiveness implementation in this sector.
Incidence of syphilis infection and syphilis-related care utilization among adolescents and young adults living with HIV
Authors: Bonett Stephen , Tam Vicky , Singapur Anjali , Min Jungwon , Koenig Helen C , Wood Sarah M
Published: November 2021

Background

Incidence of syphilis has been rising in recent years and disproportionately affects young adults, racial/ethnic minority men, and people living with HIV. This study describes patterns of syphilis infection and syphilis-related care utilization among adolescents and young adults living with HIV (AYALH) in Philadelphia.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of AYALH receiving care at an adolescent-specialty clinic who received a syphilis test and/or benzathine penicillin for syphilis treatment from 2011 to 2018 ( N = 335). Syphilis incidence rates were calculated by baseline demographic characteristics and by calendar year. Recurrent survival analysis was used to explore how demographic and neighborhood-level factors were associated with incident syphilis and syphilis-related care utilization.

Results

Syphilis-related care was provided 145 times and there were 109 episodes of confirmed syphilis among 83 unique participants between 2011 and 2018. The overall syphilis incidence rate was 13.50 (95% CI: 10.9–16.5) cases per hundred person-years. Participants assigned male sex at birth had higher hazards of infection (HR: 6.12, 95% CI: 1.53–24.48), while older participants (HR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.58–0.72) and those living further from the clinic had lower hazards of infection (HR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.94–1.00). Race, insurance status, neighborhood diversity index, and neighborhood social disadvantage index were not associated with hazard of infection or syphilis-related care utilization.

Conclusions

Our study found high incidence of syphilis infection among a cohort of AYALH. Integrating comprehensive sexually transmitted infection prevention services into HIV care and improving syphilis prevention services in communities with high syphilis rates should be a priority in future intervention work.
Unpacking Rachel Félix's “constructed” and “self-constructed” Jewishness
Authors: Rabinovich Irina
Published: November 2021

This paper aims at unpacking the cultural, historical and political significance behind the representations (including pictures, caricatures, journalistic articles, etc.) and self-representations of Rachel Félix (1821–1858), the first prominent Jewish performer on the French and British and American stage, as a prism which may afford a broader discussion about the literary formations of the figure the Jewish female artist Félix, renowned for her exquisite beauty and daring sensuality, serves as an excellent paradigm of how Jewish artists used and, at times, manipulated their “biblical"/"oriental"/ “sensual” beauty with the aim of promoting their artistic career. My discussion, adopting a New Historicist outlook, also aims at explaining the correlation between such literary formations and their political implications with regards to the representation of Jewish artists. Since the identity of an actress is so obviously “constructed,” and because of the intricate relationship between the Jewishness, artistic vocation and femininity, the figure of Félix provides a direct engagement with a particular set of cultural and political assumptions about Jewish female artists. Looking at Félix's literary and artistic representations by her contemporaries and at her own self-representation as reflected on the stage and in her letters leads us to a better understanding of the relationship between the cultural, political and artistic constructs of Jewish female artists.
The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Job Satisfaction and Organisational Commitment Among Hospital Staff: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hussain Mohammad Kamal , Khayat Rayan Abdullah M.
Published: November 2021

Background:

Improving quality of relationship among hospital staff and leaders is a necessity to increase levels of job satisfaction and organisational commitment. Transformational leadership style has become an ideal practical solution that can resolve these dilemmas and enhance the quality of healthcare services and patients’ safety. This study aims to examine the impact of transformational leadership on job satisfaction and organisational commitment among hospital staff.

Methods:

The research strategy for this systematic review involves four electronic databases. Empirical peer-reviewed studies that uses quantitative design and that examines the relationship among transformational leadership, job satisfaction and organisational commitment among hospital staff, are included. Studies are evaluated by using a quality assessment tool, and the data extraction table and analysis are completed on the entire included studies.

Results:

A total of 367 titles and abstracts are screened, yielding 26 studies that are included in this review. The collected variables are analysed to determine the effect of transformational leadership style on job satisfaction and organisational commitment. A total of 19 studies examining the relationship between transformational leadership and job satisfaction ( n = 15) are found to have a positive relationship, while 13 studies examining the relationship between transformational leadership and organisational commitment ( n = 11) are found to have a positive relationship.

Conclusion:

The results of the review provide evidence that transformational leadership has a great effect on hospital staff and the hospital environment. The transformational leadership style should be universally used in hospitals to increase medical staff job satisfaction and organisational commitment, which may lead to increased productivity, quality of healthcare services and patients’ safety.
Moderating Effects of Gender Relationship Between Quality of Work Life and Job Satisfaction: Total Quality Management Perceptions as a Mediating Factor
Authors: Temiz Tuğçe Nur Dursun , Kara (Sivuk) Derya , Potas Nihan
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study is to examine the moderating effects of gender relationship between quality of work life and job satisfaction using total quality management perceptions as a mediating factor. Data were collected from Private and Ministry of Health Training and Research Hospitals using 515 employees in Turkey. The moderated mediation analysis was set up according to the hypothesis model. Total quality management is the mediator, and gender is the moderator. The findings showed that the relationship between quality of work life and job satisfaction, quality of work life and total quality management, total quality management and job satisfaction. With respect to the gender variable, the total quality of management decreases; job satisfaction is a little stronger in males. However, even if job satisfaction increases, it is equal in both males and females.
Evidence-based Stock Price Behaviour Around Cash Dividend Announcements in an Emerging Market Set-up
Authors: Chatterjee Chanchal , Dutta Paromita , Basu Sankarshan
Published: November 2021

This article examines how stock prices behave following cash dividend announcements in the Indian equity market considering 3,671 cash dividend announcements during the period 2012–2019, using both aggregate-level and firm-level analysis. Further, the study investigates the factors that lead to the generation of abnormal gain or loss following dividend announcements. We found that cash dividend announcements generate abnormal stock returns in the Indian equity market immediately after the dividend announcement. However, this impact persists for a very short spell, and after that, the stock prices normalize gradually. Results also show that firms with a higher promoter shareholding gain less on dividend announcements. The empirical evidence of this study thinly supports the information signalling theory and dividend clientele theory in the Indian market.
Technology Spillovers and Its Mechanisms of Diffusion in Emerging Market Economies: Issues and Challenges
Authors: Dsilva Nigel Raylyn
Published: November 2021

This article examines the empirical literature on technology spillovers and the mechanisms or channels through which it diffuses in emerging market economies. This article delves into conceptual and measurement challenges concerning technology spillovers. International trade, foreign direct investment, and human capital are the main mechanisms or channels through which technology spillovers and diffusion takes place. In so doing, limitations are also brought out concerning measurement and methodological issues. Finally, this article summarizes the issues and challenges with regards to technology spillovers and its mechanisms of diffusion in emerging market economies and provides pointers for future research.
Assessing the Social Determinants of Health and Adverse Childhood Experiences in Patients Attending a Children's Hospital Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Program
Authors: Ponton Ethan , Courtemanche Rebecca , Singh Tanjot K. , Duffy Damian , Courtemanche Douglas J. , Loock Christine
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to describe the social determinants of health (SDoH) for patients receiving multidisciplinary team care in a Cleft Palate-Craniofacial program, develop responsive and consistent processes to include trauma-informed psychosocial histories, promote discussions about additional “non-medical” factors influencing health and surgical outcomes, and demonstrate that these activities are feasible in the context of multidisciplinary patient-provider interactions.

Single-site, cross-sectional study using a questionnaire.

Participants were recruited from a provincial quaternary care Cleft Palate-Craniofacial program at British Columbia Children's Hospital in Vancouver, BC, Canada.

290 families completed the questionnaire.

34% of families experience significant barriers to accessing primary health care, 51% struggle financially, and 11% scored four or more on the Adverse Childhood Experiences scale. Furthermore, 47% reported not having adequate social support in their lives, and 5% reported not feeling resilient at the time of the survey.

Patients with cleft and craniofacial anomalies have complex needs that extend beyond the surgical and medical care they receive. It is critical that all Cleft and Craniofacial teams incorporate social histories into their clinic workflow and be responsive to these additional needs. Discussions surrounding SDoH and adversity are welcomed by families; being involved in the care and decision-making plans is highly valued. Healthcare providers can and should ask about SDoH and advocate for universal access to responsive, site-based, social work support for their patients.