bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Composition templating for heterogeneous nucleation of intermetallic compounds
Authors: Que Zhongping , Wang Yun , Fan Zhongyun , Hashimoto T. , Zhou X. R.
Published: April 2024

Refinement of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) through enhancing heterogeneous nucleation during casting process is an important approach to improve the properties of aluminium alloys, which greatly increases the economy value of recycled Al-alloys. However, heterogeneous nucleation of IMCs is inherently more difficult than that of a pure metal or a solid solution. It requires not only creation of a crystal structure but also the positioning of 2 or more different types of atoms in the lattice with specific composition close to that of the nucleated IMCs. Previous understanding on heterogeneous nucleation is based on structural templating, usually considering the small lattice misfit at the interface between the nucleating solid and substrate. In this work, we proposed a hypothesis and demonstrated that composition templating plays a critical role in heterogeneous nucleation of IMCs. The experimental results revealed that segregation of Fe atoms on the AlB2 surface, i.e., the Fe modified AlB2 particle, provides the required composition templating and hence enhances heterogeneous nucleation of α-Al15(Fe, Mn)3Si2, resulting in a significant refinement of the α-Al15(Fe, Mn)3Si2 particles in an Al-5 Mg-2Si-1.0Mn-1.2Fe alloy.
Construction and verification of a histone deacetylases-related prognostic signature model for colon cancer
Authors: Hao Lei , Lu Weiqi , Wu Jianyu , Chen Yuzhong , Xu Dongni , Wang Peizong
Published: April 2024

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) contribute significantly to the initiation, progression, and prognosis of colorectal adenocarcinoma (COAD). Additionally, HDACs regulate the tumor microenvironment, immune escape, and tumor stem cells, and are closely linked to COAD prognosis. We developed a prognostic model for COAD that incorporates HDACs to evaluate their specific roles. The COAD dataset containing clinical and mutation data was collected using the TCGA and GEO databases to obtain genes associated with HDAC. LASSO analysis and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to determine the presence of prognostic genes. Multivariate Cox analysis was also used to determine risk scores for HDAC-related features. Furthermore, genomic alterations, immune infiltration, and drug response were compared between high- and low-risk groups. Cellular experiments validated the potential regulatory role of BRD3 on COAD proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. The median risk scores, calculated based on the characteristics, demonstrated a more significant prognostic improvement in patients in the low-risk group. Furthermore, HDAC-related features were identified as important independent prognostic factors for patients with COAD. Additionally, genomic mutation status, immune infiltration, and function, as well as response to immunotherapy and chemotherapy, were found to be associated with risk scores. Subgroup analyses indicate that anti-PD-1 therapy may be beneficial for patients in the low-risk group. Additionally, a decrease in risk score was associated with a decrease in immune infiltration. Finally, HCT116 and HT29 cells exhibited inhibition of BRD3 gene proliferation and migration, as well as promotion of apoptosis. In patients with COAD, HDAC-related characteristics may be useful in predicting survival and selecting treatment.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in a common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in Florida
Authors: Murawski Allison , Fabrizio Thomas , Ossiboff Robert , Kackos Christina , Jeevan Trushar , Jones Jeremy C. , Kandeil Ahmed , Walker David , Turner Jasmine C. M. , Patton Christopher , Govorkova Elena A. , Hauck Helena , Mickey Suzanna , Barbeau Brittany , Bommineni Y. Reddy , Torchetti Mia , Lantz Kristina , Kercher Lisa , Allison Andrew B. , Vogel Peter , Walsh Michael , Webby Richard J.
Published: April 2024

Since late 2021, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996 (H5N1) lineage have caused widespread mortality in wild birds and poultry in the United States. Concomitant with the spread of HPAI viruses in birds are increasing numbers of mammalian infections, including wild and captive mesocarnivores and carnivores with central nervous system involvement. Here we report HPAI, A(H5N1) of clade 2.3.4.4b, in a common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) from Florida, United States. Pathological findings include neuronal necrosis and inflammation of the brain and meninges, and quantitative real time RT-PCR reveal the brain carried the highest viral load. Virus isolated from the brain contains a S246N neuraminidase substitution which leads to reduced inhibition by neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir. The increased prevalence of A(H5N1) viruses in atypical avian hosts and its cross-species transmission into mammalian species highlights the public health importance of continued disease surveillance and biosecurity protocols.
Transaminase-catalysis to produce trans-4-substituted cyclohexane-1-amines including a key intermediate towards cariprazine
Authors: Farkas Emese , Sátorhelyi Péter , Szakács Zoltán , Dékány Miklós , Vaskó Dorottya , Hornyánszky Gábor , Poppe László , Éles János
Published: April 2024

Cariprazine—the only single antipsychotic drug in the market which can handle all symptoms of bipolar I disorder—involves trans-4-substituted cyclohexane-1-amine as a key structural element. In this work, production of trans-4-substituted cyclohexane-1-amines was investigated applying transaminases either in diastereotope selective amination starting from the corresponding ketone or in diastereomer selective deamination of their diasteromeric mixtures. Transaminases were identified enabling the conversion of the cis-diastereomer of four selected cis/trans-amines with different 4-substituents to the corresponding ketones. In the continuous-flow experiments aiming the cis diastereomer conversion to ketone, highly diastereopure trans-amine could be produced (de > 99%). The yield of pure trans-isomers exceeding their original amount in the starting mixture could be explained by dynamic isomerization through ketone intermediates. The single transaminase-catalyzed process—exploiting the cis-diastereomer selectivity of the deamination and thermodynamic control favoring the trans-amines due to reversibility of the steps—allows enhancement of the productivity of industrial cariprazine synthesis.
Combinatorial biosynthesis for the engineering of novel fungal natural products
Authors: Skellam Elizabeth , Rajendran Sanjeevan , Li Lei
Published: April 2024

Natural products are small molecules synthesized by fungi, bacteria and plants, which historically have had a profound effect on human health and quality of life. These natural products have evolved over millions of years resulting in specific biological functions that may be of interest for pharmaceutical, agricultural, or nutraceutical use. Often natural products need to be structurally modified to make them suitable for specific applications. Combinatorial biosynthesis is a method to alter the composition of enzymes needed to synthesize a specific natural product resulting in structurally diversified molecules. In this review we discuss different approaches for combinatorial biosynthesis of natural products via engineering fungal enzymes and biosynthetic pathways. We highlight the biosynthetic knowledge gained from these studies and provide examples of new-to-nature bioactive molecules, including molecules synthesized using combinations of fungal and non-fungal enzymes.
The selective prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor IOX5 stabilizes HIF-1α and compromises development and progression of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Lawson Hannah , Holt-Martyn James P. , Dembitz Vilma , Kabayama Yuka , Wang Lydia M. , Bellani Aarushi , Atwal Samanpreet , Saffoon Nadia , Durko Jozef , van de Lagemaat Louie N. , De Pace Azzura L. , Tumber Anthony , Corner Thomas , Salah Eidarus , Arndt Christine , Brewitz Lennart , Bowen Matthew , Dubusse Louis , George Derek , Allen Lewis , Guitart Amelie V. , Fung Tsz Kan , So Chi Wai Eric , Schwaller Juerg , Gallipoli Paolo , O’Carroll Donal , Schofield Christopher J. , Kranc Kamil R.
Published: April 2024

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a largely incurable disease, for which new treatments are urgently needed. While leukemogenesis occurs in the hypoxic bone marrow, the therapeutic tractability of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) system remains undefined. Given that inactivation of HIF-1α/HIF-2α promotes AML, a possible clinical strategy is to target the HIF-prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs), which promote HIF-1α/HIF-2α degradation. Here, we reveal that genetic inactivation of Phd1/Phd2 hinders AML initiation and progression, without impacting normal hematopoiesis. We investigated clinically used PHD inhibitors and a new selective PHD inhibitor (IOX5), to stabilize HIF-α in AML cells. PHD inhibition compromises AML in a HIF-1α-dependent manner to disable pro-leukemogenic pathways, re-program metabolism and induce apoptosis, in part via upregulation of BNIP3. Notably, concurrent inhibition of BCL-2 by venetoclax potentiates the anti-leukemic effect of PHD inhibition. Thus, PHD inhibition, with consequent HIF-1α stabilization, is a promising nontoxic strategy for AML, including in combination with venetoclax.
Uncovered diversity of infectious circular RNAs: A new paradigm for the minimal parasites?
Authors: Marquez-Molins Joan
Published: April 2024

Infectious circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been considered as biological oddities only occurring in plants, with limited exceptions. However, a great diversity of viroid-like circRNAs has been recently uncovered by the high-throughput exploration of transcriptomic data of geographically and ecologically diverse niches. In my opinion, this suggests a change in basic assumptions regarding our knowledge about these minimal parasites. The potentially infectious circRNAs found are diverse in size, type of ribozymes, encoded proteins and potential host organisms. The distinction between viroids and RNA viruses has been blurred by the detection of circular mitoviruses and ambiviruses which encode for their own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Thus, their taxonomic classification might pose a challenge because of the apparent extensive horizontal transfer and recombination of sequences. Many aspects of the predicted circRNAs remain to be uncovered, such as their pathogenicity or host range, and experimental validations are essential. For example, viroid-like circRNAs similar in size to plant viroids have been found to replicate and cause symptoms in fungi, with an isolate being the smallest replicon characterized so far. Despite an ancestral prebiotic origin for viroid-like sequences has been proposed, their dependence of viral or cellular proteins seems, to my view, more compatible with a cellular escape and/or viral genome reduction. This wide variety of potentially infectious agents might pose a biohazard concern of which we were previously unaware, and thus it would be convenient that more efforts are assigned for their characterization.
Selective C(aryl)–O bond cleavage in biorenewable phenolics
Authors: De Smet Gilles , Bai Xingfeng , Maes Bert U. W.
Published: April 2024

Selective removal of the hydroxy, methoxy or both groups in biorenewable oxygenated arenes (derived from lignin depolymerization) provides, respectively, anisoles, phenols and benzenes.
Singlet oxygen is produced from brown carbon-containing cooking organic aerosols (BrCOA) under indoor lighting
Authors: Borduas-Dedekind Nadine , Gemmell Keighan J. , Jayakody Madushika Madri , Lee Rickey J. M. , Sardena Claudia , Zala Sebastian
Published: April 2024

Indoor BrC-containing cooking organic aerosols (BrCOA) can act as sensitizers generating the first excited state of molecular oxygen, singlet oxygen, under indoor lighting conditions. Sustained singlet oxygen steady-state levels lead to prolonged oxidation of indoor aerosols impacting air quality.
A self-powered photodetector through facile processing using polyethyleneimine/carbon quantum dots for highly sensitive UVC detection
Authors: Hoang Huy Vo Pham , Bark Chung Wung
Published: April 2024

Ultraviolet C (UVC) photodetectors have garnered considerable attention because the detection of UVC is critical for preventing skin damage in humans, monitoring environmental conditions, and detecting power aging in military applications.
Interfacial energy as an approach to designing amphipathic surfaces during photopolymerization curing
Authors: Curley Sabrina J. , Szczepanski Caroline R.
Published: April 2024

Photopolymerization induced phase separation (PIPS) is utilized to develop materials in a single step that are hydrophobic on one face and hydrophilic on the other.
Injectable in situ gelling methylcellulose-based hydrogels for bone tissue regeneration
Authors: Bonetti Lorenzo , Borsacchi Silvia , Soriente Alessandra , Boccali Alberto , Calucci Lucia , Raucci Maria Grazia , Altomare Lina
Published: April 2024

This study contributes to advancing the understanding of methylcellulose-based injectable bone substitutes and their underlying mechanisms of gelation and mineralization.
Ag/Pd bimetallic nanoparticle-loaded Zr-MOF: an efficacious visible-light-responsive photocatalyst for H2O2 and H2 production
Authors: Dash Srabani , Tripathy Suraj Prakash , Subudhi Satyabrata , Acharya Lopamudra , Ray Asheli , Behera Pragyandeepti , Parida Kulamani
Published: April 2024

A noble bimetallic nanoparticle-modified UiO-66-NH2 MOF (Ag/Pd@UiO-66-NH2) composite photocatalyst for efficient hydrogen peroxide and hydrogen production.
Spin dynamics phenomena of a cerium(iii) double-decker complex induced by intramolecular electron transfer
Authors: Kobayashi Kana , Suzuki Michiyuki , Sato Tetsu , Horii Yoji , Yoshida Takefumi , Breedlove Brian. K. , Yamashita Masahiro , Katoh Keiichi
Published: April 2024

By applying the IET to the spin dynamics of Ce porphyrinoid-based complexes, it is possible to investigate the effects of dynamic disorder on SMM properties.
Structural selectivity of supported Pd nanoparticles: selective ethanol ammoxidation to acetonitrile
Authors: Mohammed Khaled , Vakili Reza , Decarolis Donato , Xu Shaojun , Keenan Luke , Kordatos Apostolos , Zhelev Nikolay , Skylaris Chris K. , Carravetta Marina , Gibson Emma K. , Manyar Haresh , Goguet Alexandre , Wells Peter P.
Published: April 2024

PdNx mediated selectivity of ethanol ammoxidation (with NH3 and O2) to acetonitrile, above 240 °C the PdNx phase is removed and the oxidised surface promotes combustion to CO2.
Photo-polymerization using quantum dots for stable epoxy coatings
Authors: Riad Keroles B. , Kholghy M. Reza , Wood-Adams Paula M.
Published: April 2024

Flame-made titania quantum dots can initiate epoxy photo-polymerization when UVC light is applied, while remaining insensitive to UVA light, producing films that are mechanically stable.
Spectral correction study to reduce the influence of sample surface morphology on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Xiang Yong , Yang Lei , Li Xuanchen , Sun Wenteng , Pan Congyuan , Dong Jingtao , Xu Mengjie , Chen Jingjing , Lu Rongsheng
Published: April 2024

With spectral correction, the spectral variations and fluctuations caused by sample surface morphology are reduced and the accuracy of quantitative detection is improved.
Toll like receptor-based electrochemical sensors via N-heterocyclic carbene-modified surfaces: towards improved sensing of DNA molecules
Authors: Lee Dianne S. , Zarabadi Mir Pouyan , Bhattacharjee Hridaynath , Qi Lin , McLeod Jennifer F. , Saeedfar Kasra , Singh Ishwar , Woods April , Messina Anastasia , Birss Viola I. , Crudden Cathleen M. , She Zhe
Published: April 2024

New method for synthesizing novel N-heterocyclic carbenes and using them for protein biosensors detecting DNA molecules.
Harnessing prion-inspired amyloid self-assembly for sustainable and biocompatible proton conductivity
Authors: Navarro Susanna , Andrio Andreu , Diaz-Caballero Marta , Ventura Salvador , Compañ Vicente
Published: April 2024

Protein-based materials have emerged as promising candidates for proton-conducting biomaterials.
Photoproperties of favipiravir and its 6-substituted analogues: fluorescence controlled through halogen substitution and tautomerism
Authors: Fuentes Germán , Romero Ivan E. , Moller Matías N. , Couto Marcos , Romero Angel H.
Published: April 2024

The photophysical properties of favipiravir and its 6-halogenated analogues are presented, and the origin of fluorescence was interpreted as a function of 3-OH tautomerism.
Electro-oxidative three-component cascade coupling of isocyanides with elemental sulfur and amines for the synthesis of 2-aminobenzothiazoles
Authors: Huang Peng-Fei , Fu Jia-Le , Peng Ying , Fan Jian-Hong , Zhong Long-Jin , Tang Ke-Wen , Liu Yu
Published: April 2024

An electro-oxidative three-component reaction for the effective synthesis of 2-aminobenzothiazoles at room temperature is disclosed. Both aliphatic amines and aryl amines demonstrate good compatibility.
Insights into the optoelectronic behaviour of heteroatom doped diamond-shaped graphene quantum dots
Authors: El Haddad Yassine , Ouarrad Hala , Drissi Lalla Btissam
Published: April 2024

Investigation of heteroatom (N, B, O, P and S) doping impact on the structural, optoelectronic and photoluminescence properties of diamond-shaped graphene quantum dots for photovoltaics and nanomedical applications, and energy technologies.
Synthesis and characterization of a nanostructure conductive copolymer based on polyaniline and polylactic acid as an effective substrate in proteins impedimetric biosensing
Authors: Dinpanah Ehsan , Mansour Lakouraj Moslem , Fooladi Ebrahim , Hasantabar Vahid
Published: April 2024

Despite of all the developments in DNA microarray technology, there is not sufficient knowledge about protein abundance or their function in processes such as proteolysis, phosphorylation.
Enhanced acetone gas-sensing characteristics of Pd–NiO nanorods/SnO2 nanowires sensors
Authors: Hung Nguyen Phu , Van Duy Nguyen , Xuan Chu Thi , Thanh Le Dang Thi , Hung Chu Manh , Jin Han , Hoa Nguyen Duc
Published: April 2024

The ternary component consisting of SnO2 nanowires/Pd–NiO nanorods is employed to enhance the acetone gas sensor performance utilizing the synergistic effects of the p–n heterojunction between the p-type NiO and the n-type SnO2, as well as the catalytic spillover effect of Pd nanoparticles.
Research on preparation and related properties of macro–micro porous mullite ceramic skeletons via twice pore-forming technology
Authors: Xu Chunxia , Hu Rui , Liu Ying , Chen Zhe , Liu Zhen , Han Wenbin
Published: April 2024

The macro–micro composite porous mullite ceramic skeletons were prepared using coal gangue and α-Al2O3 as main raw materials via twice pore-forming technology. The main phase of the porous ceramic skeletons is mullite.
Dual-functional nano-photosensitizers: Eosin-Y decorated gold nanorods for plasmon-enhanced fluorescence and singlet oxygen generation
Authors: Kaja Sravani , Mathews Ashin Varghese , Nag Amit
Published: April 2024

Enhancement factors of 110 and 18 for metal-enhanced fluorescence and metal-enhanced SOG, respectively, are obtained from polymer coated gold nanorod cores adsorbed with Eosin Y.
Significantly enhanced catalytic performance of Pd nanocatalyst on AlOOH featuring abundant solid surface frustrated Lewis pair for improved hydrogen activation
Authors: Li Junwei , Yin Hongshuai , Liu Sisi , Xu Chaofa , Cai Zhixiong
Published: April 2024

The superior catalytic performance of Pd nanocatalysts in AlOOH-80 is attributed to solid surface frustrated Lewis pairs (ssFLP), which enhance hydrogen gas dissociation, improve Pd nanocatalyst hydrogenation, and result in high catalytic activity of Pd/AlOOH-80.
Exploring post-secondary chemistry instructors’ knowledge for teaching 1H NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Fantone Rebecca C. , Geragosian Eleni , Connor Megan , Shultz Ginger V.
Published: April 2024

Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy is an essential characterization tool for organic chemists widely taught in the undergraduate chemistry curricula. Previous work has focused on how students advance from novice to expert in interpreting 1H NMR spectra. However, we need to know more about how 1H NMR spectroscopy is taught within undergraduate curricula. We sought to characterize instructors’ topic-specific pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) for teaching 1H NMR spectroscopy as a starting point to investigate how 1H NMR spectroscopy is taught. Participants from multiple institutions—six teaching assistants, six novice instructors, and three experienced instructors—collaboratively completed content representations (CoRes) in focus groups. Through qualitative analysis of interview transcripts and CoRes, we characterized instructors' topic-specific PCK in 1H NMR spectral interpretation. Analysis of instructors’ responses and collective PCK elucidates the role that teaching context, experience, and disciplinary background may contribute to the character of PCK. Implications of this work include the need for research on the integration of explicit learning objectives and teaching strategies for representational competence and skills, understanding and supporting student affective experiences when learning NMR, and instructional contexts that increase autonomy in learning.
Ullrich Steiner: portrait of the scientist as a young student
Authors: Klein Jacob
Published: April 2024

A brief memoir in honour of Professor Ullrich Steiner’s 60th birthday.
Reduction on specific lattice planes for metal–organic frameworks/poly-pyrrole composites with dilated porosity
Authors: He Wenxiu , Zhai Xu , Qiao Zhipeng , Chen Huan , Tian Weiliang , Fu Yu , Chen Junyi
Published: April 2024

A novel orientation–modification strategy is proposed for the fabrication of MOFs/poly-pyrrole composites with dilated porosity, which is realized according to missing linker defects induced by reduction on the specific lattice plane of MOFs.
Efficient first principles based modeling via machine learning: from simple representations to high entropy materials
Authors: Li Kangming , Choudhary Kamal , DeCost Brian , Greenwood Michael , Hattrick-Simpers Jason
Published: April 2024

Generalization performance of machine learning models: (upper panel) generalization from small ordered to large disordered structures (SQS); (lower panel) generalization from low-order to high-order systems.
Tailoring the π–π stacking interaction among organic cations in hybrid metal halide crystals towards tunable light emission
Authors: Zhang Qi , Lin Xinyi , Guo Shanji , Zhang Yaqing , Jiang Yan , Zhang Wei , Li Hui , Feng Ya-Nan , Li Lingyun , Liu Zheyuan , Yu Yan
Published: April 2024

A series of luminescent 23-Cd1−xZnxCl4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) crystals are designed and synthesized based on the π–π stacking induced tunable light emission mechanism, which is first revealed in this work.
The design of multi-functional ionic hydrogels with anti-freezing, temperature response and luminescence properties
Authors: Ding Yutong , Xu Weikun , Kuang Tairong , Ouyang Mi , Chen Feng
Published: April 2024

An ionic-hydrogel based temperature sensor with anti-freezing capabilities, anti-strain interference capabilities and luminescence properties is presented.
Temperature and pressure dependent luminescence mechanism of a zinc blende structured ZnS:Mn nanophosphor under UV excitation
Authors: Somakumar Ajeesh Kumar , Zhydachevskyy Yaroslav , Wlodarczyk Damian , Haider Syed Shabhi , Barzowska Justyna , Bindu Kodavamparambil Rajagopalan , Edathumkandy Yadhu Krishnan , Zayarniuk Tatiana , Szewczyk Andrzej , Narayanan Saranya , Lysak Anastasiia , Przybylinska Hanka , Anila Edathottiyil Issac , Suchocki Andrzej
Published: April 2024

Presenting a novel insight into Mn2+ luminescence processes in the ZnS nanophosphor and revealing its unique high-pressure luminescence decay behaviour and self-powered mechanoluminescence.
Enhanced OH− conductivity from 3D alkaline graphene oxide electrolytes for anion exchange membrane fuel cells
Authors: Goto Nonoka , Rahman Mohammad Atiqur , Islam Md. Saidul , Tagawa Ryuta , Nakano Chiyu , Ahmed Muhammad Sohail , Sekine Yoshihiro , Nishina Yuta , Ida Shintaro , Hayami Shinya
Published: April 2024

Herein, we have engineered graphene oxide through pH change and freeze drying to get three-dimensional alkaline graphene oxide, and the resulting solid electrolyte exhibited efficient anion conductivity behavior.
Renal Tissue‐Derived Exosomal miRNA‐34a in Diabetic Nephropathy Induces Renal Tubular Cell Fibrosis by Promoting the Polarization of M1 Macrophages
Authors: Zheng Shuai , Zeng Yi , Chu Liqing , Gong Taiyang , Li Sihong , Yang Min
Published: April 2024

Background. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease, and the activation and infiltration of phagocytes are critical steps of DN. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of exosomes in macrophages and diabetes nephropathy and the role of miRNA‐34a, which might provide a new path for treating DN. Materials and Methods. The DN model was established, and the success of the model establishment was confirmed by detecting general indicators, HE staining, and immunohistochemistry. Electron microscopy and NanoSight Tracking Analysis (NTA) were used to see the morphology and size of exosomes. MiRNA‐34a inhibitor, miRNA‐34a mimics, pc‐PPARGC1A, and controls were transfected in macrophages with or without kidney exosomal. A dual‐luciferase reporter gene experiment verifies the targeting relationship between miRNA‐34a and PPARGC1A. After exosomal culture, macrophages are co‐cultured with normal renal tubular cells to detect renal tubular cell fibrosis. Q‐PCR and western blot were undertaken to detect related RNA and proteins. Results. An animal model of diabetic nephropathy was successfully constructed. Macrophages could phagocytose exosomes. After ingesting model exosomes, M1 macrophages were activated, while M2 macrophages were weakened, indicating the model mice’s kidney exosomes caused the polarization. MiRNA‐34a inhibitor increased PPARGC1A expression. MiRNA‐34a expressed higher in diabetic nephropathy Model‐Exo. MiRNA‐34a negatively regulated PPARGC1A. PPARGC1A rescued macrophage polarization and renal tubular cell fibrosis. Conclusion. Exosomal miRNA‐34a of tubular epithelial cells promoted M1 macrophage activation in diabetic nephropathy via negatively regulating PPARGC1A expression, which may provide a new direction for further exploration of DN treatment.
SEIR‐driven semantic integration framework: Internet of Things‐enhanced epidemiological surveillance in COVID‐19 outbreaks using recurrent neural networks
Authors: Sarin Saket , Singh Sunil K. , Kumar Sudhakar , Goyal Shivam , Gupta Brij B. , Arya Varsha , Chui Kwok Tai
Published: April 2024

With the current COVID‐19 pandemic, sophisticated epidemiological surveillance systems are more important than ever because conventional approaches have not been able to handle the scope and complexity of this global emergency. In response to this challenge, the authors present the state‐of‐the‐art SEIR‐Driven Semantic Integration Framework (SDSIF), which leverages the Internet of Things (IoT) to handle a variety of data sources. The primary innovation of SDSIF is the development of an extensive COVID‐19 ontology, which makes unmatched data interoperability and semantic inference possible. The framework facilitates not only real‐time data integration but also advanced analytics, anomaly detection, and predictive modelling through the use of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs). By being scalable and flexible enough to fit into different healthcare environments and geographical areas, SDSIF is revolutionising epidemiological surveillance for COVID‐19 outbreak management. Metrics such as Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean sqḋ Error (MSE) are used in a rigorous evaluation. The evaluation also includes an exceptional R‐squared score, which attests to the effectiveness and ingenuity of SDSIF. Notably, a modest RMSE value of 8.70 highlights its accuracy, while a low MSE of 3.03 highlights its high predictive precision. The framework's remarkable R‐squared score of 0.99 emphasises its resilience in explaining variations in disease data even more.
Triple active bridge converter in nanogrid applications: A direct interface for photovoltaic modules and storage
Authors: Santoro Danilo , Toscani Andrea , Cova Paolo , Delmonte Nicola
Published: April 2024

Environmental issues and the global need to increase economically sustainable access to electricity addressed and boosted scientific research and use of Distributed Energy Resources, such as solar Photovoltaic (PV). Multi‐port power converters can be of great interest for a compact and efficient interface between PV, storage units, and DC loads. The Triple Active Bridge (TAB) shows interesting advantages in terms of isolation and Zero Voltage Switching capabilities over wide load and input voltage ranges. This work aims to develop a TAB prototype for a NanoGrid (NG) application, analyzing the possibility of a direct interface of PV modules, storage units, and DC loads, without the use of intermediate conversion stages. The TAB prototype uses Gallium Nitride devices, and an evaluation of the overall efficiency is provided, useful to compare with other isolated three‐port converters. Through an analytical approach, a TAB has been sized and optimized to meet specific application requirements. MATLAB/Simulink simulations have been done for the sizing validation and the control strategy design. A prototype has been developed and experimental measurements have been compared with simulation results. The TAB is proposed as a key element of DC NGs, but applications of interest are also automotive, More Electric Aircraft, and naval applications.
Grid‐forming control for inverter‐based resources in power systems: A review on its operation, system stability, and prospective
Authors: Khan Musa , Wu Wenchuan , Li Li
Published: April 2024

The increasing integration of inverter based resources (IBR) in the power system has a significant multi‐faceted impact on the power system operation and stability. Various control approaches are proposed for IBRs, broadly categorized into grid‐following and grid‐forming (GFM) control strategies. While the GFL has been in operation for some time, the relatively new GFMs are rarely deployed in the IBRs. This article aims to provide an understanding of the working principles and distinguish between these two control strategies. A survey of the recent GFM control approaches is also delivered here, expanding the existing classification. It also explores the role of GFM control and its types in power system dynamics and stability like voltage, frequency etc. Practical insight into these stabilities is provided using case studies, making this review article unique in its comprehensive approach. Lacking elsewhere, the GFMs' real‐world demonstrations and their applications in several IBRs like wind farms, photovoltaic power generation stations etc., are also analyzed. Finally, the research gaps are identified, and the prospect of GFM is presented based on the system needs, informed by GFM real‐world projects. This work is a potential road map for the GFM large‐scale deployment in the decarbonized IBR‐based bulk power system.
New approach to solve unconstrained binary quadratic problem
Authors: Rabih Battikh , Hassan Alabboud , Bassem Jida , Adnan Yassine
Published: April 2024

This paper addresses the unconstrained binary quadratic problem (UQP). This problem consists in minimizing a quadratic function a binary variables (0−1 variables). Accordingly, in this work, a hybrid algorithm called (HA), based on simulated annealing algorithm with some combination procedures, have been proposed and a branch and bound procedure, based on this algorithm (HA) and semidefinite programming problem (SDP), has been applied. The purpose of this approach is to facilitate the resolution of the initial problem and reduce its dimension by using some fixing criteria in a repeat loop. Numerical results are presented to consolidate the demonstrated theoretical results and prove effectiveness and performance in speed and quality of our new approach.
Research on the Effectiveness of Integrating the Core Literacy in Vocational College English into the Instructional Design of the English Course For Higher Vocational Colleges
Authors: An Weiyu
Published: April 2024

This paper aims to solve the crucial problem of how to develop the core literacy in the English course for vocational college students. It first elaborates the connotation of the core literacy in vocational college English and then analyzes the macro and micro path of integrating the core literacy in vocational college English into the English course for vocational colleges. Finally, The core competencies-based teaching unit design applied to classroom teaching practice during one semester has proved that under the guidance of “Production-Oriented Approach”, the effective teaching design based on the core literacy of vocational college English has turned out to develop the core literacy of vocational college students, improve the quality of high-quality technical talents, and achieve the educational goal of educating people for the Party and talents for the country.
Microcomputer Principle Virtual Laboratory for Smart Grid Specialty Practical Teaching
Authors: Li Sheng , Cai Yuhao
Published: April 2024

For the practical teaching of smart grid information engineering undergraduate specialty, carrying out the construction of microcomputer principle digital virtual laboratory is of great significance to cultivate compound engineering application talents for the smart grid industry. The constructed microcomputer principle virtual laboratory uses three kinds of 8086 visual assembler and debugging software (CLAB, STAR and EMU8086), as well as EDA software which supports 8086 simulation operation to carry out hardware and software system design. Based on the virtual laboratory, the topics of smart grid specialty’s course design or graduation design can adopt the principle of combining with actual smart grid technologies. The practical application of the virtual laboratory is introduced by taking a design case of definite-time over-current relay protection. This teaching method of combining theory with practice can enhance students’ cognitions of building strong smart grid and new-type power system in China. The teaching practice in recent years shows that the teaching effect of the microcomputer principle virtual laboratory is remarkable, and it has practical value in cultivating and improving students’ practical innovation ability, which is worth further research and practice.
Practice of Social Survey Methods in Environmental Design Courses and Exploration of Ideological and Political Connotation
Authors: Bai Ying , Hua Shang
Published: April 2024

Ideological and Political Education in the Curriculum is a new type of teaching concept. The author of the Guangzhou Polytechnic Institute of Environmental Design professional courses as an example, to find out the urgent problems, combined with the PSPL research method for the ecological design of artificial engineering practice class research means research an old district in Guangzhou environmental space as an entry point, through the street environment and the residents of the study and analysis, analysis of the problems, put forward the design strategy and program, on the It provides design and ideas for the protection and development of urban renewal, and at the same time, builds a new mode of teaching with the connotation of thinking and politics for the professional course of environmental design, which is based on the practice of actual knowledge.
The Economic Implications of Education: A Global Perspective
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Zhou Guangyan , He Wenchong , Zheng Ying
Published: April 2024

This comprehensive article delves into the intricate relationship between education and economic development, highlighting the profound implications of investments in human capital. It explores the role of education as a catalyst for economic growth, emphasizing its contributions to innovation, workforce productivity, and attracting foreign investments. Beyond economic gains, the article examines the socio-economic benefits of education, including improved governance, public health, and family planning. It underscores the transformative power of prioritizing female education and addresses the challenges posed by the digital age, emphasizing the importance of STEM education and soft skills. The article also emphasizes global collaboration in education and presents case studies of initiatives such as the Global Partnership for Education (GPE) and the Teach for All network. Ultimately, it underscores the imperative of placing education at the forefront of development.
Research on the Efficient Production Process of Practice-oriented Micro-courses - Taking Field Survival as an Example
Authors: Shen Liulei , Shen Yanfei
Published: April 2024

Field survival courses are one of the key courses to improve the survival skills of the military on the battlefield. Practical micro-courses can provide more diversified learning opportunities and help students engage in course learning during the preview and review stages, enhancing the effectiveness of course learning. However, as a new thing, many teachers make mistakes in the production process, resulting in a decline in production efficiency. This article continuously summarizes the experience in the recording process of the “Field Survival” micro-course and condenses it into an efficient production process that can guide the production of practical military practice-oriented micro-courses.
The Evolutionary Game Study on Emission Reduction Strategies of Non-compliant Port and Shipping Enterprises under Media Participation and Government Supervision
Authors: Li Xuwen
Published: April 2024

With the development of science, technology, and the economy, China has become the world's largest emitter of carbon emissions. To achieve sustainable development in both the economy and the environment, promoting a low-carbon economy and implementing energy conservation and emission reduction measures are crucial. This study incorporates media participation as an effective source of government supervision into an evolutionary game model that addresses the choices of environmental regulations and emission reduction strategies for non-compliant port and shipping enterprises. Through the derivation and analysis of replicator dynamics equations and evolutionary stability, four different scenarios are identified, representing the strategic choices of government environmental regulations and non-compliant enterprise behaviors. Numerical simulations are used to demonstrate the evolutionary outcomes and pathways under different initial values and conditions. Additionally, the impact of media exposure probability on the strategic choices of the government and non-compliant enterprises is analyzed. The results indicate that a higher media exposure probability can promote non-compliant enterprises to opt for self-disclosure while reducing government regulatory costs. The government can enhance the positive involvement of the media to lower the regulatory costs imposed on non-compliant port and shipping enterprises, thereby improving the design of environmental regulations and achieving a win-win situation for economic and environmental performance.
The Relationship between ESG Performance and Corporate Performance - Based on Stakeholder Theory
Authors: Wang Chenxi
Published: April 2024

Stakeholder theory has been widely used in business management research by scholars of various disciplines at home and abroad. Initially, stakeholder theory asserted that the growth of any company is inseparable from stakeholders, emphasizing the consideration of stakeholders when making or implementing decisions. However, in recent years, with the deepening of theoretical research, the scope of stakeholder theory research has been expanding, and environmental, social and governance (ESG) has become one of the important aspects of stakeholder theory research. This paper explores the relationship between ESG, and corporate performance based on stakeholder theory. Stakeholder theory suggests that by demonstrating strong ESG performance, companies can gain buy-in from both external and internal stakeholders. ESG can meet the needs of both external and internal stakeholders. As a result, it not only enhances the brand image, but also improves operational efficiency, which in turn improves the quality of sales and services. Ultimately, this helps to improve business performance.
Ein Orf-Fall ohne direkten Tierkontakt
Authors: Sabulyte Simona , Hofmann Silke C. , Balakirski Galina
Published: April 2024

Das Orf-Virus wird meist durch direkten Hautkontakt mit infizierten Ziegen oder Schafen auf den Menschen übertragen. Nach einer Inkubationszeit von 3–10 Tagen manifestiert sich das Ecthyma contagiosum an den Kontaktstellen, meist der oberen Extremität, mit derben, erythematösen Knoten und begleitender Lymphadenopathie, wobei es i.d.R. innerhalb weniger Wochen zu einer spontanen Abheilung kommt. Hier präsentieren wir den Fall einer 44-jährigen Patientin, die sich ohne direkten Kontakt von einer infizierten Kuh mit dem Parapoxvirus angesteckt hat.
Kommentar zu: Stark verarbeitete Lebensmittel verringern Überleben
bei Typ-2-Diabetes
Authors: Ellinger Sabine
Published: April 2024

Es gibt zunehmend Hinweise dafür, dass der Verzehr hochverarbeiteter Lebensmittel die
Entstehung von kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen begünstigt. Kardiovaskuläre
Erkrankungen treten besonders häufig bei Personen mit Typ-2-Diabetes auf. Die Studie
von Bonaccio et al. sollte zeigen, ob der Verzehr von hochverarbeiteten
Lebensmitteln bei Personen, die an Typ-2-Diabetes erkrankt sind, mit der
Gesamtmortalität und der kardiovaskulären Mortalität assoziiert ist.
Myasthenia gravis – Update
Authors: Gutschmidt Kristina , Schoser Benedikt
Published: April 2024

Myasthenia gravis – auch 2023 noch eine Herausforderung für Betroffene und Ärzte.
Aber welche Therapie ist am besten geeignet? Unsere klinisch erfahrenen Experten
haben die aktuellen Leitlinien zur Diagnostik und Therapie zusammengefasst, um
Betroffene optimal zu unterstützen. Erfahren Sie, wie Sie eine schnelle und
zielgerichtete Diagnostik durchführen können und welche Behandlungsoptionen zur
Verfügung stehen, um den Verlauf der Erkrankung zu mildern.
The Reconstruction of the Nasal Columella Defect Using Domino Flaps
Authors: Linh Le Diep , Lan Luu Phuong , Tien Nguyen Phuong , Manh Nguyen Quoc , Lam Vu Ngoc , Duc Nguyen Quang
Published: April 2024

Skin defects of the total nasal columella can significantly impact both nasal respiratory function and aesthetics. The reconstruction of total columella is a complex process and represents a significant challenge for plastic surgeons. Various factors can cause the loss of the columella. Numerous columella reconstruction procedures have been proposed, each with their own set of advantages and disadvantages. The main issues to address include the need for regional flaps from the forehead or nasofacial sulcus, a long pedicle to reach the columella, and the double angular folding that causes a risk of malnutrition or venous congestion. Additionally, using horizontal nasolabial flaps may lead to deformation of the upper lip.

In this study, we present a new procedure to reconstruct the nasal columella using “Domino flaps” with two flaps (the horizontal upper lip island flap and nasocheek island flap). This new procedure ensures adequate skin for reconstruction of nasal columella and partial tip, minimizes rotation angle, reduces the angular folding of the pedicle, furthermore limits deformation of the upper lip. “Domino flaps” are a valuable option for surgeons when reconstructing the total nasal columella. However, it is important to consider whether the patient has a beard at the donor sites.
Fading and Color Reproducibility of Nipple–Areola Tattoos in Asian Patients
Authors: Yamamoto Mao , Mori Hiroki , Akiyama Masako , Okazaki Mutsumi
Published: April 2024

Background The purpose of this study was to clarify fading, red, green, and blue values (RGB) change, and color reproducibility for nipple–areola complex (NAC) tattoos.

Methods NAC tattooing was performed on 60 sites in 59 Japanese patients prospectively. The evaluation was assessed using digital photo, Casmatch standardization, and RGB and luminance values preoperatively, immediately after, 1 week, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after tattooing. RGB and luminance values changes over time, time-adjusted fading rate, and the rate of luminance at 12 months were calculated. In color reproducibility study (n = 34), RGB values after 12 months were compared with the color sample about dark/reddish and light/less reddish pigments.

Results RGB varied widely from immediately after to 1 month after tattooing. For RGB and luminance, significant differences were seen between pre and immediate after, 1 and 3 months, 3 and 6 months, and 6 and 12 months. In G values, significant differences were seen between all neighboring points. The fading rate tended to decrease as time progresses, but was not significant, that is, fading continued even between 6 and 12 months. Luminance was 9% brighter than contralateral NAC at 12 months. Color reproducibility tended to be higher with dark/reddish pigments, despite no significant differences.

Conclusion The fading rate of tattooed NACs tended to decrease as time progresses, but fading still occurs between 6 and 12 months. Luminance was 9% brighter than contralateral NAC at 12 months after.
Pancarpal Arthrodesis Using Antibiotic–Impregnated Calcium Sulfate Beads in a Dog with Septic Arthritis and Osteomyelitis
Authors: Davenport Amy , Bird Frances , Vallefuoco Rosario
Published: April 2024

A 6-year-old Lurcher dog was referred for evaluation and treatment of a septic carpal arthritis, associated osteomyelitis of the radius and radial carpal bone and antebrachiocarpal luxation following a previous articular surgery 14 weeks prior to presentation. A staged approached was elected and following removal of the original implants, a pancarpal arthrodesis was performed using autologous bone graft and gentamicin-impregnated bioabsorbable calcium sulfate beads. At 12 weeks postoperatively, lameness had resolved on the operated limb and complete joint fusion was confirmed on radiographic evaluation. The purpose of this case report is to describe the successful short- and long-term outcome of a pancarpal arthrodesis using antibiotic medication–impregnated calcium sulfate beads, providing details about the surgical technique used for management of a destructive septic arthritis and osteomyelitis.