bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Composite Polymer Coatings for Repair of Concrete Linings of Channels
Authors: Baev Oleg A. , Kosichenko Yuri M. , Garbuz Aleksandr Yu.
Published: August 2021

The paper is dedicated to the results of research on composite polymer material used for concrete casings repair. Field approbation of new material was carried out on the irrigation channel test site during the repair of concrete coating deformation joints and cracks. The paper provides the obtained theoretical formulae and results of water permeability calculation in concrete casing cracks with smooth and rough walls. A design chart for determining water permeability of damages in the form of cracks of various coating width on channel concrete coatings was obtained. A universal nomogram was obtained for determining the water permeability of damage in the form of cracks of various opening widths on the concrete coverings of channels.
Deformation and Strength Characteristics for the Calculation of Structures Based on Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Composites
Authors: Rudnov Vasiliy S. , Gerasimova Ekaterina S. , Fakhertdinova Rufina F.
Published: August 2021

Currently, there is a steady increase in the production of reinforced concrete structures in factory and construction site conditions for various types of modern buildings with higher operational requirements for them. These structures are pre-calculated according to complex design schemes of loading which also leads to increased requirements for the materials used. One of the ways to solve a number of these problems is the use of fiber-reinforced concretes, but for this it is necessary to experimentally identify the deformation and strength characteristics of dispersed reinforced concretes and take it into account when calculating structures. A scientific team of the Institute of New Materials and Technologies of the Ural Federal University is engaged in solving of this research task, which will expand a number of construction opportunities while maintaining economic feasibility in the future.
Research of the Wood’s Alloy Crystallization Process Using the Acoustic Method
Authors: Yaroslavkin Aleksandr Yu. , Tyurin Eugene A. , Melnikova Darya A.
Published: August 2021

The article examines the process of crystallization of Wood alloy using the ultrasonic method. The dependence of the determination of the speed of sound in three aggregate states of the alloy (liquid, solid, transition (liquid-solid)) was derived. The relation-ship with the amplitude values of the sound signal, a single pulse in determining the speed of sound, as well as in determining the state of the alloy is carried out. The data obtained allow us to analyze the state of the alloy and the measurement time and the specified frequency range directly in the process of crystallization.
Comparison of Non-Destructive Testing Techniques
Authors: Bavykin Oleg B. , Loginov Rodion N.
Published: August 2021

The article discusses the types of dangerous defects in welded joints. The main methods of non-destructive testing are described, their advantages and disadvantages are briefly reflected. The comparison of the automated ultrasonic testing methods with radiographic ones is given on the example of testing the welded joints of ASME DN350 Py250 pipe fittings with a thickness of the welded edges of 53.9 ÷ 61.3 mm. The comparison results of the methods by the criterion of the accuracy of determining the coordinates of defects are presented, which show the expediency of replacing the automated ultrasonic method with the radiographic one, provided that the thickness of the welded edges is shallow.
The Spectrum of Crystallographic Misorientations of Intercrystalline Boundaries for BCC-HCP Phase Transformation in Additively Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Redikultsev Andrey A. , Stepanov Stepan I. , Lobanov Mikhail L.
Published: August 2021

Electron backscatter diffraction is a modern experimental method for local structure and texture investigation, which makes it possible to establish the presence and types of the various boundaries between the elements of the mesostructure such as low or high angle, special and interphase boundaries. Moreover, this technique can demonstrate the migration of boundaries during structural and phase transformations. This study estimated the possible spectrum of crystallographic misorientations of intercrystalline boundaries in additively manufactured titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V using orientation microscopy and crystallographic calculations based on Burgers orientation relationship during β→α-transformation. The study has established that the boundaries between grains of α-phase are characterized by the misorientation angles of 11±2 °, 61±5 °, 89±3 °. The majority of high-angle boundaries are characterized by misorientation angles in the range of 57-65 °. The study also ascertained that the experimental spectrum of intercrystalline boundaries in the α-phase reveals the displacive nature of β→α-transformation in titanium alloys.
Research of Alternative Options for Strengthening Surface Treatment of Cast Iron Products
Authors: Vodolazskaya Nataliia V. , Sharaya Olga A.
Published: August 2021

The article considers issues of increasing wear resistance of cast iron products by methods of thermochemical treatment of their surface layer. Methods are proposed to solve the problem of wear from cast iron of grade EN-JS1060 due to development of technological processes of strengthening treatment. Alternative versions of strengthening technologies are represented by nitrocarburizing, liquid nitriding and carbonitration. Results of examination of control samples at increasing loads after 200 N before catastrophic wear are given. Comparative analysis of these results showed that samples after carbonitration and liquid nitriding had the greatest bearing capacity (1000 N). Carbonitration is selected as a most preferred option of the surface hardening treatment. Non-poisonous cyanoacid salts are used to realize it.
Improving Efficiency of Rolling Production by Predicting Negative Technological Events
Authors: Belskiy Sergey M. , Shopin Ivan I. , Safronov Andrey A.
Published: August 2021

Improving the production efficiency is the task with the increasing difficulty. Therefore, it is important to constantly expand the set of tools and perfect the methodology for improving the processes. Some of the losses associated with the negative technological events (breaks, drifting, etc.) are difficult to eliminate completely due to the complexity of making changes to the basic technology. But if you know in advance that the event will occur, you can significantly reduce the probability and consequences, thereby significantly improve the efficiency of the production process. Therefore, it is important to develop and introduce the applied approaches to forecasting the negative technological events in the production processes. This paper presents the method of the forecast-event statistical analysis of the cause-and-effect relationships. The technique was tested on the events of strip’s breakage during rolling at the cold rolling mill 1400 and strip’s drifting in the input storage of the continuous etching unit (CEU). Based on the presented methodology, the specialized digital service was developed and introduced in the production processes of the dynamo steels shop.
Surface Machining of Stainless Steel Cardiovascular Stents by Fluid Abrasive Machining and Electropolishing
Authors: Hsu Chuan Fu , Chang Fuh Yu , Huang Yu Xiang
Published: August 2021

The typical manufacturing process of tubular metallic cardiovascular stents includes laser cutting, sand blasting, acid pickling, electropolishing, surface passivation, and cleaning. The most commonly used material for cardiovascular stents is stainless steel, such as SUS 304 and SUS 316. After the laser cutting process, substantial improvement of the stent surface morphology is required to obtain acceptable surface roughness, edge roundness, and reduction of surface defects. This study focuses on a novel post-treatment method of fluid abrasive machining to replace the conventional sand blasting and acid pickling processes, resulting in the surface smoothness and edge roundness that are suitable for cardiovascular stent fabrication. The dross deposition and striations retained after laser cutting can be significantly removed with fluid abrasive machining. Both DC current and pulse current electropolishing techniques were performed to attain the final surface and structural quality after the fluid abrasive machining process. The experimental results show that an extremely fine surface roughness and a satisfactory edge roundness can be achieved for stents through both DC current and pulse current electropolishing. The pulse electropolishing process is more effective than the DC current electropolishing process to achieve edge roundness with less weight removal.
Synthesis of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Reinforced by Graphene Nanoplates
Authors: Kocacinar Elif , Baydogan Nilgun
Published: August 2021

Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) was used as a nanofiller in Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) synthesized by the Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) method. The first step in the synthesis of the PMMA/GNPs was the dispersion of GNPs in the PMMA liquid monomers by combining the solutions so that GNPs had superior mechanical properties, thermal stability, and electrical conductivity also lower density of mass. Then the crosslinked PMMA/GNPs nanocomposite samples were synthesized by using the in-situ polymerization method. However, there was a challenging technical problem in the application of GNPs (at a large amount) in the polymer. For the purpose of benefiting from the advantageous properties of GNPs (especially in bulk quantities) at PMMA, the major problem at the synthesis of PMMA/GNPs nanocomposite was the GNPs dispersion in the polymer matrix. This research has focused on solving that dispersion problem with the aim of enhancing the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite by utilizing the ATRP method as the effective production technic. The structural characterization of PMMA/GNPs nanocomposite was performed for the examination of the integration of GNPs in PMMA. The surface morphology of the nanocomposite was analyzed using SEM images. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) as a non-destructive test method was used to examine the changes in the crystalline properties of the nanocomposite structure with the rise of the GNPs amount in PMMA. The bonding interactions with each other were investigated by using Raman analysis.
The effect of Vitamin E supplementation on treatment of chronic periodontitis
Authors: Behfarnia Parichehr , Dadmehr Mina , Hosseini Seyedeh Negin , Mirghaderi Seyed Amir
Published: August 2021

Background:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Vitamin E supplements on chronic periodontitis based on the clinical parameters of pocket depth and clinical attachment level and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of saliva.

Materials and Methods:

In this clinical trial, 16 patients with chronic periodontitis were selected and divided into two groups. The indices of pocket depth and attachment loss for 6 teeth per person were measured with a periodontal probe. A total of 41 teeth in the control group and 42 teeth in the case group were examined. Then, 2 ml nonstimulated saliva was collected from each patient. All patients were treated with scaling and root planing (SRP). The case group consumed 200 IU supplementary Vitamin E daily for up to 2 months. After 2 months, clinical indices were re-measured and 2 ml nonstimulated saliva was collected. The TAC of saliva samples was measured by using Zellbio’s TAC Kit. Data were analyzed by the SPSS software and were evaluated in each group between the first session and 2 months later with paired t-test. The differences between the two groups were evaluated through the independent t-test (α ≤ 0.05).

Results:

Independent t-test showed that mean change in TAC (P = 0.14) and pocket depth changes (P = 0.33) was not significant between two groups 2 months after SRP, but mean attachment loss changes in the case group was significantly less than the control group (P = 0.03).

Conclusion:

The results of this study indicate that Vitamin E supplementation with SRP can reduce the inflammatory process of periodontitis and improve periodontal clinical indices and decrease the amount of attachment loss.
Mechanical and antimicrobial property of different surface treated glass ionomer cements under desiccated condition
Authors: Hiremath Hemalatha , Harinkhere Chhaya , Misar Pooja , Sabley Kshitij , Bajpai Trupti
Published: August 2021

Background:

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of five different surface treatments on the mechanical property and antimicrobial effect of three desiccated glass ionomer cements.

Materials and Methods:

In this in vitro experimental study, 300 rectangular blocks of three different restorative materials were fabricated using an aluminum mold, Group I (n = 100) Micron bioactive, Group II (n = 100) GC Fuji IX GP Extra, and Group III (n = 100) bioglass R. These blocks were stored in 100% humidity for 24 h and then placed in air to desiccate for another 24 h. These groups were further divided into two major groups (n = 50) for both mechanical (Flexural) and antimicrobial testing. The blocks of mechanical and antimicrobial groups were further divided into five subgroups (n = 10) based on the medias used for surface treatment (senquelNaF, MI varnish, chlorhex plus, kedodent mouthwash, and 100% humidity [control]). Flexural strength (FS) was measured using the universal testing machine. Fracture strength of groups was compared using the one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test with P ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant. Antimicrobial effect was carried out by covering the specimens in a suspension of Streptococcus mutans followed by incubation for 24 h. The blocks were later washed, vortex mixed, serially diluted, and plated. Ccolony-forming unit/ml was calculated after 3 days of incubation. Data were then analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U nonparametric test, with P ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results:

Micron bioactive with the surface treatment of MI varnish significantly exhibited highest FS. Surface treatment of desiccated restorative materials with chlorhex plus exhibited no growth of S. mutans. GC Fuji IX GP Extra with surface treatment of MI varnish exhibited highest reduction in S. mutans growth compared to other experimental group.

Conclusion:

Surface treatment of restorative material with MI varnish improved their mechanical and antimicrobial property while among three restorative materials Micron bioactive showed better mechanical property, whereas GC Fuji IX GP Extra exhibited better antimicrobial property.
A Basal Level of γ-Linolenic Acid Depletes Ca2+ Stores and Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum and Oxidative Stresses to Cause Death of Breast Cancer BT-474 Cells
Authors: Chen Cing-Yu , Wu Cheng-Hsun , Wu King-Chuen , Shiao Lian-Ru , Chuang Chin-Min , Leung Yuk-Man , Chow Louis W.C.
Published: August 2021

Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), a natural fatty acid obtained from oils of various vegetables and seeds, has been demonstrated as an anticancer agent. In this work, we investigated the anticancer effects of GLA on breast cancer BT-474 cells. GLA at 30 μM, a concentration reportedly within the range of circulating concentrations in clinical studies, caused apoptotic cell death. GLA caused an elevation in mitochondrial Ca2+ level and a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. GLA treatment depleted cyclopiazonic acid (CPA)-sensitive Ca2+ store and triggered substantial Ca2+ influx. Intracellular Ca2+ release triggered by GLA was suppressed by 3 μM xestospongin C (XeC, IP3 receptor-channel blocker) and 100 μM ryanodine (ryanodine receptor-channel blocker), suggesting that the Ca2+ release was via IP3 receptor-channel and ryanodine receptor-channel. Increased expressions of p-eIF2α and CHOP were observed in GLA-treated cells, suggesting GLA-treated cells had increased expressions of p-eIF2α and CHOP, which suggest endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In addition, GLA elicited increased production of reactive oxygen species. Taken together, our results suggest a basal level of GLA induced apoptotic cell death by causing Ca2+ overload, mitochondrial dysfunction, Ca2+ store depletion, ER stress, and oxidative stress. This is the first report to show that GLA caused Ca2+ store depletion and ER stress. GLA-induced Ca2+ store depletion resulted from opening of IP3 receptor-channel and ryanodine receptor-channel.
Efficacy of Low-Dose Suxamethonium in Reducing Induction Dose of Propofol for Laryngeal Mask Airway Insertion in Nigerian Adults
Authors: Salahu Dalhat , Adesope Saheed , Datti Alhassan Mohammed , Abdullahi Mustapha Miko , Mamuda Atiku , Mohammed Abdullahi Maryam
Published: August 2021

Background:

Propofol is commonly used as a sole induction agent during laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion, and additional doses are often required with systemic consequences.

Objective:

Our study evaluated the effect of 0.1 mg/kg suxamethonium on the dose of induction of propofol when used during insertion of LMA.

Methodology:

Eighty patients aged between 18 and 60 years were included in this prospective study. Patients undergoing elective procedures under general anaesthesia with LMA and spontaneous ventilation were randomized into two groups. Patients in both groups were induced with an initial dose of 2.5 mg/kg of propofol; the control group (group P) and the second group (group S) received 5 ml of normal saline and 0.1 mg/kg of suxamethonium made up to 5 ml, respectively. The need for additional doses of propofol following insertion of LMA was then assessed based on insertion conditions (ease of insertion, severity of airway response in terms of coughing, gagging, laryngospasm, and patient movement). The total dose of propofol required before successful insertion was recorded, as well as the incidence and duration of apnea post-induction. The pulse rate (PR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were assessed at 0, 1, 3 and 5 min after insertion of LMA for each group.

Results:

The total dose of propofol required for successful LMA insertion was significantly lower in group S (2.82 ± 0.39 mg/kg) compared to group P (3.13 ± 0.49 mg/kg), P = 0.002. Haemodynamic parameters (SBP, DBP, MAP, PR, and SpO2) were well-controlled post-LMA insertion and were comparable between the two groups. Furthermore, no incidence of hypotension or bradycardia requiring intervention was observed at different time intervals, throughout the study period, in both groups.

Conclusion:

The dose of propofol is lesser when low-dose suxamethonium (0.1 mg/kg) precedes its use for induction during LMA insertion, and there is a reduction in the duration of apnea; however, it causes a higher apnea incidence. Vital signs were similar in the two study groups.
Patient-Reported Outcomes in Lumbar Spine Surgery
Authors: Obiegbu Obinna Henry
Published: August 2021

Introduction:

Lumbar spine spondylosis is a significant cause of morbidity worldwide. Surgical treatment is increasingly being used in patients who do not respond to conservative treatment. Although the outcome of these surgeries is subjective, patient-oriented questionnaires are considered to give a less biased assessment of surgical outcomes. The aim of this study was to use the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) to assess the early outcome of lumbar spine surgery in patients with lumbar degenerative spine disease.

Methodology:

This was a retrospective study carried out over a period of one year, recruiting twenty patients who had lumbar spine surgeries (both instrumented and non-instrumented surgeries) for degenerative lumbar spine disease.

Results:

The age range of the subjects was 40–80 years, with a mean age of 55.9 ± 9.2 years. A majority of the patients had lumbar disc prolapse (70%). There was a statistically significant correlation between preoperative ODI and postoperative ODI, with postoperative patients having a lower ODI score (which signifies improved outcome).

Conclusion:

Lumbar surgeries for degenerative lumbosacral spine disease lead to a high level of patient satisfaction.
Unearthing the Hidden Tragedy
Authors: Esike Chidi Ochu Uzoma , Nnamdi Ejikeme Brown , Bonaventure Anozie Okechukwu , Adeniyi Adebayo Joshua , Chimezirim Okafor Love , Nduka Ekem Napoleon
Published: August 2021

Background:

Stillbirths are very traumatic events to the parents, family, and obstetricians. Although a global public health crises, it has remained relatively hidden while their devastations continue unabated in different parts of the world. We have not evaluated this tragedy in our practice environment hence the need for this paper.

Methods:

This is a retrospective study involving all cases of stillbirths that occurred at the Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, over a 3-year period, 2017–2019. The case notes were gotten and relevant information was retrieved and analyzed.

Results:

The prevalence of stillbirths in our centre was 16.1 per 1000 deliveries or one stillbirth in 62 deliveries. Majority of our parturients who had stillbirths 89 (81.7%) were unbooked, 43 (39.5%) had only primary education, 16 (14.7%) had no education at all, and only 10 (9.2%) had tertiary education. The leading cause of stillbirths was abruptio placenta 27 (24.8%) followed by prolonged obstructed labor 22 (21.1%), intrauterine fetal death of unknown cause 18 (16.5%), and ruptured uterus 10 (9%). Seventy-three (67%) women were delivered by spontaneous vaginal delivery while 18 (16.5%) had a caesarean section. Thirty (27.5%) women had postpartum hemorrhage. None of the dead babies had an autopsy performed on them.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of stillbirth in our centre is unacceptably high and majority of the causes are preventable. There is an urgent need for public enlightenment to highlight this silent tragedy and mobilize efforts toward its prevention. Carrying out autopsies on stillbirths especially those with unexplained causes will help elucidate some of the causes.
Characteristics and Outcome of Paediatric Traumatic Brain Injuries
Authors: Chikani Mark C. , Aniaku Ikechukwu , Mesi Mathew , Mezue Wilfred C. , Chikani Ugo Nnenna
Published: August 2021

Background:

As with most ailments common to adult and paediatric age groups, studies that describe and characterize paediatric traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) lag those of their adult counterparts. This is more so in the developing countries where national data are not well developed. The development of local clinical guidelines has been shown to positively impact outcomes of paediatric TBI. Data on the characteristics and outcomes of TBI among paediatric age groups will provide a framework for the development of an all-encompassing management guideline.

Methods:

In this study, a retrospective review of demography, mechanism of injury, pattern of presentation, nature of treatment, duration of hospital admission, and outcome of children aged 0–17 years managed for traumatic TBI at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu-Nigeria was performed. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. Relevant test statistics were used to test for associations. A P = 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

A total of 163 patients' medical records were retrieved and analyzed. Of these, 117 (71.8%) were males and 46 (28.2%) were females. Their ages ranged from 6 weeks to 17 years with a mean age of 7.66 ± 5.1 years and peaked at 3–5 years. No difference in mean age between gender (P = 0.427). Pedestrian motor vehicular accident was the most common cause of injury. Fall from fruit trees and assault were peculiar to children from suburban/rural areas. TBI severity on admission was mild (44.2%), moderate (38.7%), and severe (17.2%). Other systemic injuries were present in 33.7%, of which long bone fractures were the most common (23/55). Abnormal brain computed tomography findings were seen in 83.2% with skull fracture being the most common finding. Operative procedures were carried out on 19.6% of patients. Conservative measures were the mainstay of management. The mean duration of hospital admission was 14.01 ± 11.8 days was significantly associated with admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) Score (P < 0.0001) and Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) at discharge (P = 0.03). The overall outcome was good (GOS 4 and 5) in 92.0% and has a significant association with GCS on admission (P < 0.0001). Long-term (Extended GOS) was 8 in 98.2% of those followed up.

Conclusion:

Paediatric TBI is mainly mild to moderate in severity with a male predilection. The main cause is road traffic accidents with most victims being pedestrians. Management is mainly non-operative and the outcome at discharge is good even in a middle-income country and significantly determined by GCS on admission.
Knowledge of COVID-19 and Practice of Preventive Measures among Adult Residents During the Ease of Lockdown in Nigeria
Authors: Ipinnimo Tope Michael , Sanni Taofeek Adedayo , Aladesuru Tolulope Adeola , Adebayo Olamide Adeola , Omowaye Motunrayo Temidayo , Adeniyi Ireoluwa Oluwatomisona , Ipinnimo Oluwadare Martins , Olasehinde Olanrewaju Kassim , Adetunbi Adefola Richmond
Published: August 2021

Background:

The governments of many countries have taken steps to avert the spread of COVID 19. The gradual relaxation of the lockdown in Nigeria might be counter-productive if not properly managed. The best means to reduce and stop transmission is for the public to be adequately informed about the disease and its preventive measures. This research assessed the knowledge of COVID-19 and practice of preventive measures along with its predictors among Nigerian residents during the ease of the lockdown.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1421 adult residents of Nigeria. Data were collected between 6th and 20th September, 2020, using a semi-structured online questionnaire adapted from previous studies. IBM SPSS version 26 was used for data analysis. Pearson's Chi-square and logistic regression were used to determine the predictors of preventive practices.

Results:

The mean age of the respondents was 27.5 ± 9.1 years. A very large proportion (98.8%) of the respondents had a good knowledge of the disease (score of ≥4 out of 6 variables) and the internet (70.1%) was the major source of their information. However, only 57.6% of them had good practice of preventive measures of the disease (score of ≥3 out of 4). Predictor of good practice of preventive measure included female sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.626; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.078–3.319), being married (AOR = 2.177; 95% CI = 1.568–3.023), and possessing tertiary and postgraduate level of education (AOR = 1.813; 95% CI = 1.082–3.036 and AOR = 2.102; 95% CI = 1.206–3.664, respectively). However, residents in local government headquarters and other villages as well as towns (AOR = 0.541; 95% CI = 0.388–0.756 and AOR = 0.587; 95% CI = 0.350–0.983, respectively) have less likelihood of engaging in good practice of preventive measures.

Conclusion:

Majority of the research participants had good knowledge of the disease, while about half take part in good preventive practices measures. Predictors of the practice measures included sex, level of education, place of residence, as well as marital status. Therefore, targeted interventions should be directed to the males, those who reside outside the Federal Capital Territory and state capitals, and other high-risk groups as found by this study to reduce the risk of disease contraction during this period.
HIV/AIDS
Authors: Saulawa Fahad Abubakar , Babandi Zaharaddeen Shuaibu , Lawal Aminu , Umar Umar Muhammad , Olorukooba Halima Omolara , Olorukooba Abdulhakeem Abayomi
Published: August 2021

Introduction:

Nigeria has one of the highest proportions of cases of HIV/AIDS globally. This burden is more pronounced in the younger population which includes secondary school students (SSS). We set out to determine the level of family communication among SSS in Zaria metropolis.

Subjects and Methods:

We carried out a cross-sectional study among 73 randomly selected students. Data were obtained with a semi-structured, pretested, self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to present data at the univariate level while Chi-square or Fisher's exact test was employed to identify the relationship between non-numeric variables with a 5% level of significance.

Results:

The mean age (± standard deviation) was 16.1 ± 1.1 years. Majority have heard 60 (82.2%) and have good knowledge 55 (75.3%) of family communication. There was an overall positive attitude as 44 (60.3%) believe it helps prevent HIV/AIDS and 57 (78.1%) believe it is very important and should be encouraged. Most (57 [78.1%]) have had family communication, with mother as the preferred partner 49 (86%). HIV/AIDS (44 [77.2%]) was the major issue discussed. We out that found the knowledge of family communication was significantly associated with its practice (P = 0.018).

Conclusion:

Awareness, knowledge, attitude, and practice of family communication were good among respondents. Father's educational level and knowledge of family communication were significantly associated with its practice among respondents. More studies are required to evaluate the determinants of the practice of family communication.
Paradoxical increase in nasal airway resistance following a topical nasal decongestant spray
Authors: Doddi N.M. , Eccles R.
Published: August 2021

Nasal obstruction is a very common problem associated with common cold and topical nasal decongestant sprays are effective symptomatic treatments causing a decrease in nasal airway resistance (NAR).
Autophagy is deficient and inversely correlated with COX-2 expression in nasal polyps: a novel insight into the inflammation mechanism
Authors: Wang Ling-Feng , Chien Chen-Yu , Yang Yi-Hsin , Hour Tzyh-Chyuan , Yang Sheau-Fang , Chen Hau-Ren , Tsai Ke-Li , Ko Jenq-Yuh , Chen Jeff Yi-Fu
Published: August 2021

Background: Nasal polyposis is characterised by persistent inflammation of the upper airways. Autophagy has been implicated in many chronic inflammatory diseases. Whether autophagy plays a role in nasal polyp (NP) inflammation is completely unknown and deserves investigation. Methods: LC3 and COX-2 expression, the common autophagy and inflammation indicators, respectively, was analysed by immunoblotting in fresh tissues of NP and control nasal mucosa (NM). Primary cultures of NP-derived fibroblasts (NPDFs) and NMDFs were established for in vitro studies. Autophagy was induced by amino acid starvation and LC3 ectopic overexpression or inhibited by 3-methyladenine in the fibroblasts. Inflammation was induced by IL1-β and TNF-α. LC3 and COX-2 expression was confirmed in NP specimens by immunohistochemistry. Results: LC3 expression was decreased while COX-2 expression was significantly increased in fresh NP tissues compared with the NM control. In NMDFs and NPDFs, autophagy induction by starvation and LC3 overexpression downregulated COX-2 expression. Conversely, autophagy inhibition by 3-methyladenine enhanced COX-2 expression. However, IL1-β and TNF-α had no effect on autophagy. Immunohistochemical studies on the NP specimens showed that most displayed low LC3 expression, whereas COX-2 was highly expressed in >50% of the specimens. Examination of two consecutive NP sections from the same tissue blocks revealed a negative correlation between LC3 and COX-2 expression. Conclusion: Autophagy is deficient in NP tissues and COX-2 is negatively regulated by autophagy in NP-derived fibroblasts. Since COX-2 is essential for the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, this study might help interpret persistent mucosal inflammation in NP. Attenuation of inflammation by restoring autophagy might be a therapeutic strategy for treating NP.
The increasing incidence of paranasal organizing hematoma: a 20-year experience of 23 cases at a single center
Authors: Kim Jong Seung , Oh Jong Seok , Kwon Sam Hyun
Published: August 2021

Background and objectives: Sinonasal organized hematoma is a rare, benign disease that can be locally aggressive and may be mistaken for malignancy. Because of its rarity, the clinical characteristics are not well known. The aim of this study is to investigate the distinguishing features of organized hematoma with an emphasis on incidence change. Materials and methods: In this retrospective study, we reviewed the records of 23 patients with organized hematoma confirmed histopathologically among 5,378 patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery performed by a single surgeon from January 1995 to December 2014 at a tertiary care center. Clinical symptoms, endoscopic photography, computed tomography, and operative findings were reviewed. We also reviewed the relevant literature. Age, sex, site, origin subsite and histopathology were investigated. A statistical review was performed using R 3.1.2 to examine incidence change. Results: The most common complaint was frequent epistaxis and nasal obstruction (52.1%). Of the 23 patients, eight were women and 15 were men with an age range of 18 to 75 years. (mean 38.9 years). Nine of these hematomas occurred on the right side and 14 on the left side. The predominant occurrence site was the antrum (65%), followed by the septum (17.3%), inferior turbinate (8%), and ethmoid sinus (8%). The incidence steadily increased over 20 years. Conclusion: Investigation of the clinical characteristics and incidence change of organized hematoma can provide useful information. Through analysis of the 23 cases in our study, the age distribution was found to be bimodal and the incidence of organizing hematoma was observed to steadily increase. Clinicians should be aware of these characteristics to avoid misdiagnoses of malignant tumors.
Recurrent DNA copy number alterations in intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Perez-Escuredo J. , Lopez-Hernandez A. , Costales M. , Lopez F. , Ares S.P. , Vivanco B. , Llorente J.L. , Hermsen M.A.
Published: August 2021

Background: Intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma (ITAC) is a rare tumour related to occupational wood dust exposure. Few studies have described recurrent genetic changes on a genome-wide scale. The aim of this study was to obtain a high resolution map of recurrent genetic alterations in ITAC. Material and methods: Copy number alterations were evaluated by microarray CGH and MLPA in 37 primary tumours. The results were correlated with pathological characteristics and clinical outcome. Results: Microarray CGH identified the following recurrent aberrations, in descending order: gains at 5p15 (22 cases, 60%), 8q24 (21 cases, 57%), 20q13 (20 cases, 54%), 20q11, and 8q21 (19 cases, 51%), 20p13, and 7p11 (16 cases, 43%), and losses at 5q11-qter, 8p12-pter, and 18q12-23 (15 cases, 40%), and 17p13, and 19p13 (13 cases, 35%). MLPA analysis confirmed this global pattern of gains and losses. Chromosomal loss at 4q32-ter and gains at 1q22, 6p22 and 3q29, as well as deletion of TIMP2 and CRK correlated with unfavourable clinical outcome. Conclusion: ITACs have a unique pattern of chromosomal abnormalities. The four different histological subtypes of ITAC appeared genetically similar. Four chromosomal gains and losses and two specific genes showed prognostic value and may be involved in tumour progression.
Frailty and Biological Age
Authors: Ji Lixin , Jazwinski S. Michal , Kim Sangkyu
Published: August 2021

A reliable model of biological age is instrumental in the field of geriatrics and gerontology. This model should account for the heterogeneity and plasticity of aging and also accurately predict aging-related adverse outcomes. Epigenetic age models are based on DNA methylation levels at selected genomic sites and can be significant predictors of mortality and healthy/unhealthy aging. However, the biological function of DNA methylation at selected sites is yet to be determined. Frailty is a syndrome resulting from decreased physiological reserves and resilience. The frailty index is a probability-based extension of the concept of frailty. Defined as the proportion of health deficits, the frailty index quantifies the progression of unhealthy aging. The frailty index is currently the best predictor of mortality. It is associated with various biological factors and provides insight into the biological processes of aging. Investigation of the multi-omics factors associated with the frailty index will provide further insight.
Fish Species Detection Application (FiSDA) in Leyte Gulf Using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Dialogo Gil Gabornes , Feliscuzo Larmie Santos , Maravillas Elmer Asilo
Published: August 2021

This study presents an application that employs a machine-learning algorithm to identify fish species found in Leyte Gulf. It aims to help students and marine scientists with their identification and data collection. The application supports 467 fish species in which 6,918 fish images are used for training, validating, and testing the generated model. The model is trained for a total of 4,000 epochs. Using convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm, the best model during training is observed at epoch 3,661 with an accuracy rate of 96.49% and a loss value of 0.1359. It obtains 82.81% with a loss value of 1.868 during validation and 80.58% precision during testing. The result shows that the model performs well in predicting Malatindok and Sapsap species, after obtaining the highest precision of 100%. However, Hangit is sometimes misclassified by the model after attaining 55% accuracy rate from the testing results because of its feature similarity to other species.
Factors affecting Atlantic Salmon Populations Adversely; Using the River Dee,
Scotland, as an Example
Authors: Hawkins* Anthony
Published: August 2021

The stocks of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) have declined in the sea and in many rivers in North America and
Europe in recent years and are experiencing a crisis. Despite their high degree of legal protection, the quality of
their aquatic environments within rivers and in the sea, including local coastal waters, appears to be deteriorating.
Salmon survival, has declined both within the sea and within rivers. The status of the Atlantic salmon stocks is
considered here, together with the adverse effects of different sources, and those steps that may need to be taken
to improve the condition of the salmon. This paper is intended to assist management bodies in taking steps to
resolve the problems that exist for salmon, both within rivers and in the sea. It makes particular use of information
available from the River Dee in Scotland.
Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Improved Soil Management Practices among
Rice Farmers in Abuja
Authors: Modupe Eunice Jegede , Samson Olayemi Sennuga
Published: August 2021

The study examined the socio economic factors influencing the effectiveness of improved soil management practices among rice farmers in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja. The study was conducted in Gwagwalada, FCT, Abuja. Two objectives guided the study. The study adopted descriptive research design. Multi stage sampling technique was used to select rice farmers, while a well-structured questionnaire was used for data collection from the 360 rice farmers used for the study. Objectives of the study were achieved using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. The results show that 58.06% of the rice farmers were male, 36.13% were between the ages of 30 and 39years, 47.74% of them were married with 40% having an average of 5 people in their households. Also 61.94% had at most a national certificate of education (NCE). Majority (44.84) of the rice farmers had a farm size of between half a hectare and two hectares. Zero tillage, with a weighted mean score of 2.95, is the most effective soil management practice in the study area, while fertilizer application with a mean score of 3.2 is the most effective fertility practice among the rice farmers in the study area. The result further revealed that with a weighted mean score of 2.5, the respondents agree with the assertion that location of the soil determines the effectiveness of management practices. The result of the logistic regression shows that sex, age, education and farm size all had significant influences on the effectiveness of soil management practices in the study area. It was recommended that manual tillage should be mostly carried out by rice farmer to improve the level of production, use of fertilizer by the farmers to improve the land fertility level should be encouraged, terracing is required to control erosion as most of the rice farm lands are areas that require water which have high tendency of erosion, soil rotation should be practiced where soil is much available to reduce the level of degradation, organic farming should be practiced to reduce the application of chemicals that will constitute hazard to the soil.

Keywords: Rice farmers, improved soil management, adoption, effectiveness, zero tillage
Noticias de Revistas Autonómicas
Authors: Fernández Ramos Severiano
Published: August 2021

Reseñas y comentarios de diferentes artículos publicados en otras revistas de organismos autonómicos homónimos al Instituto de Administración Pública.
Sobre la controvertida convocatoria de la Diputación Permanente del Parlamento Andaluz durante el estado de alarma
Authors: Vázquez Alonso Víctor Javier
Published: August 2021

El día 14 de marzo, como es conocido, se aprobaba el Real Decreto 463/2020, en el que se declaraba el estado de alarma para la gestión de la situación de crisis sanitaria ocasionada por el COVID-19. Dicho estado de alarma afectaba a todo el territorio nacional, estableciendo medidas que restringían de forma drástica la movilidad. Como consecuencia del mismo, el día 18 de marzo de 2020 se aprueba una resolución sobre “habilitación de la convocatoria de la diputación permanente en una situación de declaración de estado de alarma”, que trae causa a su vez en el acuerdo adoptado por la Mesa del Parlamento, el día 16 de marzo, donde por unanimidad se adoptan diferentes medidas para “adaptar la actividad parlamentaria de la Cámara, con suspensión de las sesiones previstas durante el tiempo que dure el estado de alarma”, y, en concreto, “a efectos de continuar con la labor parlamentaria indispensable, convocar la Diputación Permanente”.
Perspectiva jurídica de la planificación territorial en la provincia de Huelva
Authors: Antúnez Sánchez Adriana
Published: August 2021

Transcurridos más de veinte años desde la entrada en vigor de la Ley de Ordenación del Territorio de Andalucía, resulta necesario realizar un balance en perspectiva jurídica de los fallos, desajustes y aciertos que ha experimentado el desarrollo de esta materia. Así, la obra Perspectiva jurídica de la planificación territorial en la provincia de Huelva, ofrece un análisis exhaustivo de la evolución que han tenido los planes territoriales en nuestra comunidad, haciendo especial referencia a una provincia como la de Huelva que, desde sus inicios, ha sido pionera en el desarrollo de la planificación del territorio y que en estos momentos atraviesa un momento clave para la renovación y reestructuración de su modelo territorial.
La prestación de servicios de comunicaciones electrónicas por Organismos Públicos: ¿Nuevos operadores?
Authors: De la Torre Martínez Lourdes
Published: August 2021

En España muchos ayuntamientos prestan el servicio de Internet a sus ciudadanos, y esta actuación ha dado lugar a controversias en torno a clarificar cuándo lo hacen como auxiliares a un servicio propio, recogido en el art. 25 LBRL, en régimen de autoprestación y sin constituirse como operador de comunicaciones electrónicas, o como mera prestación de servicios a terceros. Por ello, en el caso primero, el art. 6.2 LGTel les excluye de la obligación de comunicarlo previamente al inicio de la actividad al Registro de Operadores, aun tratándose de una prestación a terceros. Estas cuestiones han intentado solventarse, inicialmente, por la CMT, en la Circular 1/2010, donde delimita los conceptos de autoprestación y principio de inversor privado en una economía de mercado. Después, tras la aprobación del Reglamento WiFi4EU y su Programa WiFi4EU, esta problemática se ha avivado y ha tratado de ser resuelta por la CNMC, en su Acuerdo de 10 de mayo de 2018.
Hacia una nueva Administración del agua en Andalucía
Authors: Martín Martín Jesús Enrique
Published: August 2021

El objeto del artículo es exponer, en orden cronológico y desde un punto de vista jurídico-administrativo, la evolución de las estructuras administrativas estas de futuro para adaptar la gestión del agua a los principios básicos recogidos en la Directiva 2000/60/CE, de 23 de octubre, por la que se establece un Marco Comunitario de Actuación en el ámbito de la política de aguas, en el Real Decreto 1/2001, de 20 de julio, por el que se aprueba el Texto Refundido de la Ley de Aguas y en la Ley 9/2010, de 30 de julio, de Aguas para Andalucía y, así, alcanzar la implantación de la gobernanza en la gestión del agua.
Medidas y responsabilidades en el sector alimentario
Authors: Rodríguez Guillén Pedro
Published: August 2021

Nos adentramos en el relevante papel que desempeñan las autoridades públicas como garantes de que la seguridad alimentaria de los distintos productos que consumimos sea efectiva a través de su regulación mediante normas tanto internas como a nivel internacional, fundamentalmente provenientes de la UE con el famoso Reglamento 178/2002. Para saber si lo que consumimos a diario cumple con las exigencias de toda índole es preciso delimitar el régimen jurídico de las medidas asumidas por el Poder Público, preferiblemente antes de que corra riesgo la seguridad alimentaria, y no después, verificando acto seguido la intervención de las distintas administraciones en este ámbito en aras de depurar la eventual responsabilidad administrativa a la que tendrían que hacer frente nuestras autoridades si dicha intervención provoca daños o riesgos inasumibles para la población.
Defensa del patrimonio público y represión de conductas irregulares
Authors: Martínez Navarro Juan Alejandro
Published: August 2021

El Prof. Dr. D. Federico A. CASTILLO BLANCO dirige y coordina en esta oportuna obra monográfica un conjunto de trabajos, realizados por reconocidos expertos en la materia, dedicados al análisis de la defensa del patrimonio público y la detección y sanción de las conductas irregulares, no íntegras y potencialmente lesivas para el mismo. Su relevancia radica en el evidente conflicto jurídico que presentan retos tan actuales como la corrupción, el fraude o el abuso de poder.
Derecho e incertidumbre: disputas metodológicas de ayer y hoy
Authors: Martí del Moral Antonio
Published: August 2021

La lectura de esta monografía es enriquecedora y muy recomendable, por cuanto aborda cuestiones esenciales para los juristas de toda índole que no deberían ser omitidas en la actualidad, pese a la crisis que desborda nuestras ideas preconcebidas,agudizada por las consecuencias económicas, sociales y políticas derivadas de la pandemia del COVID-19.
Los servicios sociales en el S. XXI. Nuevas tipologías y nuevas formas de prestación
Authors: Román Márquez Alejandro
Published: August 2021

Esta interesante y pormenorizada monografía ofrece al lector un riguroso análisis de los servicios sociales desde su nacimiento hasta su situación actual, aportando claridad y precisión jurídica a una cuestión que a día de hoy sigue siendo objeto de controversia doctrinal.