bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unintended electromagnetic radiation from Starlink satellites detected with LOFAR between 110 and 188 MHz
Authors: Di Vruno F. , Winkel B. , Bassa C. G. , Józsa G. I. G. , Brentjens M. A. , Jessner A. , Garrington S.
Published: July 2023

We report on observations of 68 satellites belonging to the SpaceX Starlink constellation with the LOFAR radio telescope. Radiation associated with Starlink satellites was detected at observing frequencies between 110 and 188 MHz, which is well below the 10.7– 12.7 GHz radio frequencies used for the downlink communication signals. A combination of broad-band features, covering the entire observed bandwidth, as well as narrow-band (bandwidth < 12.2 kHz) emission at frequencies of 125, 135, 143.05, 150, and 175 MHz, was observed. The presence and properties of both the narrow- and broad-band features vary between satellites at different orbital altitudes, indicating possible differences between the operational state of, or the hardware used in, these satellites. While the narrowband detections at 143.05 MHz can be attributed to reflections of radar signals from the French GRAVES Space Surveillance Radar, the signal properties of the broad- and narrow-band features at the other frequencies suggest that this radiation is intrinsic to the Starlink satellites and it is seen for 47 out of the 68 Starlink satellites that were observed. We observed spectral power flux densities vary from 0.1 to 10 Jy for broad-band radiation, to 10 to 500 Jy for some of the narrow-band radiation, equivalent to electric field strengths of up to 49 dB [µ V m−1] (as measured at a 10 m distance from the satellites, with a measurement bandwidth of 120 kHz). In addition, we present equivalent power flux density simulations of the full Starlink phase 1 constellation, as well as other satellite constellations, for one frequency band allocated to radio astronomy by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). With these, we calculate the maximum radiation level that each satellite constellation would need to have to comply with regulatory limits for intended emissions in that band. However, these limits do not apply if the radiation is unintended, that is to say if it does not originate from intentionally radiated signals for radio communication or other purposes. We discuss the results in light of the (absence of) regulations covering these types of unintended electromagnetic radiation and the possible consequences for astronomical radio observations.
Monitoring the large-scale magnetic field of AD Leo with SPIRou, ESPaDOnS, and Narval
Authors: Bellotti S. , Morin J. , Lehmann L. T. , Folsom C. P. , Hussain G. A. J. , Petit P. , Donati J.-F. , Lavail A. , Carmona A. , Martioli E. , Romano Zaire B. , Alecian E. , Moutou C. , Fouqué P. , Alencar S. , Artigau E. , Boisse I. , Bouchy F. , Cadieux C. , Cloutier R. , Cook N. J. , Delfosse X. , Doyon R. , Hébrard G. , Kochukhov O. , Wade G. A.
Published: July 2023

Context.One clear manifestation of dynamo action on the Sun is the 22-yr magnetic cycle, exhibiting a polarity reversal and a periodic conversion between poloidal and toroidal fields. For M dwarfs, several authors claim evidence of activity cycles from photometry and analyses of spectroscopic indices, but no clear polarity reversal has been identified from spectropolarimetric observations. These stars are excellent laboratories to investigate dynamo-powered magnetic fields under different stellar interior conditions, that is partly or fully convective.

Aims.Our aim is to monitor the evolution of the large-scale field of AD Leo, which has shown hints of a secular evolution from past dedicated spectropolarimetric campaigns. This is of central interest to inform distinct dynamo theories, contextualise the evolution of the solar magnetic field, and explain the variety of magnetic field geometries observed in the past.

Methods.We analysed near-infrared spectropolarimetric observations of the active M dwarf AD Leo taken with SPIRou between 2019 and 2020 and archival optical data collected with ESPaDOnS and Narval between 2006 and 2019. We searched for long-term variability in the longitudinal field, the width of unpolarised Stokes profiles, the unsigned magnetic flux derived from Zeeman broadening, and the geometry of the large-scale magnetic field using both Zeeman-Doppler imaging and principal component analysis.

Results.We found evidence of a long-term evolution of the magnetic field, featuring a decrease in axisymmetry (from 99% to 60%). This is accompanied by a weakening of the longitudinal field (−300 to −50 G) and a correlated increase in the unsigned magnetic flux (2.8–3.6 kG). Likewise, the width of the mean profile computed with selected near-infrared lines manifests a long-term evolution corresponding to field strength changes over the full time series, but does not exhibit modulation with the stellar rotation of AD Leo in individual epochs.

Conclusions.The large-scale magnetic field of AD Leo manifested first hints of a polarity reversal in late 2020 in the form of a substantially increased dipole obliquity, while the topology remained predominantly poloidal and dipolar for 14 yr. This suggests that low-mass M dwarfs with a dipole-dominated magnetic field can undergo magnetic cycles.
Efficient Pomegranate Segmentation with UNet: A Comparative Analysis of Backbone Architectures and Knowledge Distillation
Authors: Mane Shubham , Bartakke Prashant , Bastewad Tulshidas
Published: July 2023

This work examines the segmentation of on-field images of pomegranate fruit using UNet model with different backbones. Precise and effective segmentation of pomegranate fruits on the field is essential for automating yield estimation, disease detection, and quality evaluation in the agricultural industry. The models have been trained and validated using actual images captured in a pomegranate field. The study assesses the performance of many backbones, including ResNet50, Inception ResNetV2, MobileNetv2, DenseNet121, EfficientNet, VGG16, and VGG19. The VGG19 backbone achieved the highest F1 score, 90.35%, according to the data. In addition, we employed feature-based knowledge distillation to move the knowledge from the VGG19 backbone to the lighter MobileNetv2 backbone (45x smaller than VGG19 in number of parameters), which increased the F1 score of MobileNetv2 from 86.97% to 89.91%. Our findings show that the effectiveness of the UNet model for pomegranate fruit segmentation is greatly impacted by the selection of the backbone architecture, and that knowledge distillation can improve the accuracy of UNet models with lighter backbones without significantly increasing their computational complexity.
Self-supervised approach for organs at risk segmentation of abdominal CT images
Authors: Francis Seenia , Minino Coutinho Austin , P N Pournami , Puzhakkal Niyas , P B Jayaraj
Published: July 2023

Accurate segmentation of organs at risk is essential for radiation therapy planning. However, manual segmentation is time-consuming and prone to inter and intra-observer variability. This study proposes a self-supervision based attention UNet model for OAR segmentation of abdominal CT images. The model utilizes a self-supervision mechanism to train itself without the need for manual annotations. The attention mechanism is used to highlight important features and suppress irrelevant ones, thus improving the model’s accuracy. The model is evaluated on a dataset of 100 abdominal CT scans and compared its perfor mance with state-of-the-art methods. Our results show that the proposed model got comparable performance in terms of the dice similarity coefficient. More over, the inference time is much faster than traditional manual segmentation methods, making it a promising tool for clinical use.
A Study on Calories Burnt Prediction Using Machine Learning
Authors: Panwar Punita , Bhutani Kanika , sharma Rimjhim , Saini Rohit
Published: July 2023

In this growing technological era, People are less aware of their health and mental stability. Due to lack of time, they intake more junk food than healthy options, which leads to an increase in the total calorie rate in their body. which is a major cause of obesity a calorie is the rate of energy stored and energy expenditure. People nowadays want quick solutions to every problem they want to exercise less and get more results, so to check the level of improvement and the burnt calories level after exercise in the human body we came up with this machine Learning System which takes some attributes as input and gives approximate calories burnt value which will motivate people to do more exercise and will show their daily growth The project is nourished with more than 15,000 data and its MAE (Mean Absolute error) is 1.48 which will enhance over time for better Results.
Artwork restoration using paired image translation-based generative adversarial networks
Authors: Kumar Praveen , Gupta Varun
Published: July 2023

Preservation of the artworks has historical and cultural importance. However, with time, environmental factors severely affect artworks, and these damages are often complicated to repair manually and through traditional methods. We propose a method to restore artwork that has been damaged over time. This work proposes a systematic approach using paired image-to-image translation based on a generative adversarial network. The experimental results have been quantitatively evaluated. The experimental results obtained from the presented work visually prove that the presented approach of artwork restoration completely restores the damaged artwork.
A Multimodal Ensemble Machine Learning Approach to COVID-19 Misinformation Detection in Twitter
Authors: Dar Rayees Ahmad , Hashmy Rana
Published: July 2023

The emergence of social media platforms has unquestionably altered the manner in which people ingest information, with tweets now functioning as the primary source for news and other types of content. However, the proliferation of false news on these platforms has become a major concern, as it poses a severe threat to both individuals and society as a whole. Consequently, it is crucial to develop efficient methods for detecting false news in tweets. This study presents a novel hybrid approach that integrates the textual content of tweets with auxiliary features to detect false news. Our approach uses a pre-trained transformer-based language model, COVID-twitter-BERT to encode the text content of tweets into a dense representation that captures their meaning. The auxiliary features, such as sentiment score, credibility score, engagement score, average retweet count, average favourite count, and average followers of followers, are fed into a stacking classifier-based model to predict the trustworthiness score of the tweet. By combining the predictions of both models, we demonstrate that our approach outperforms baseline methods, emphasising the significance of utilising both text content and auxiliary features for Twitter false news detection. Our research considerably advances the field of detecting false news by demonstrating the effectiveness of integrating transformer-based language models and machine learning models for this task. Our findings provide valuable insights for improving the detection of false news on social media.
4 × 4 MIMO Fiber-Wireless System with RoF Transmission Capability
Authors: A U Athira , Zacharias Joseph
Published: July 2023

Transport networks, particularly fronthaul systems are facing substantial issues as a result of the expansion of radio access technologies (RATs) in 5G and beyond networks. Due to the difficulties and high expense of installing fiber links, a traditional fiber-optic based mobile transport system will not be adequate for delivering radio signals to new antenna sites. The ease and speed of installation make wireless transport systems an appealing alternative. In this work, a 4×4 MIMO fiber wireless system with wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and polarisation division multiplexing (PDM) radio over fiber (RoF) transmission capacity is proposed and Simulated. Moreover, a Filter Bank Multicarrier modulation is employed to increase the system capacity. In order to improve the spectral efficiency of RoF and fiber-wireless systems, FBMC is an excellent choice for modulation. Also a 4×4 MIMO OQAM based FBMC signal is simulated and its performance is compared with 2 × 2 MIMO system. Satisfactory performance is confirmed with quality factor of 14.6040 and minimum BER of 1.22×10-45. 4 × 4 MIMO fiber wireless system achieved better quality factor compared to 2×2 MIMO system. Simulation of both systems are performed using Matlab integrated with Optisystem Software. It offers an affordable solution to enable massive amount of MIMO signal transmission and may be a potential approach for upcoming mobile access and radio transport networks in high frequency bands.
Improved Delay and PDR For Iov-Fog Nets Using Fractional Mayfly Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Lohat Savita , Jain Sheilza , Kumar Rajender
Published: July 2023

The integration of the automobile industry with communication technology has led to the concept of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). It is a self-organized network that consists of vehicles and RSUs and employs Infrastructure-to-Vehicle (I2V) and Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) data transmission mechanisms. The IoV system uses an efficient service message transmission protocol, the Fractional Mayfly algorithm (FMA), for reliable broadcasting of service information. Experimental results indicate that the FMA-based scheduling method is superior in terms of delay and PDR, particularly for 100 and 150 vehicles. The Fog Computing approach is also used for communication and data processing in the IoV system.
FPGA Implementation of Image Watermarking Process using Xilinx System Generator
Authors: Sharma Chandani , Gupta Garima , Sharma Ankit
Published: July 2023

Watermarking is a tool of confidentiality that protects valuable information hidden in the set of digital media by modifying the particular graphic contents. Special purpose hardware designed systems can be mapped in watermarking through FPGA. In this paper, the process of watermarking is performed on image using Xilinx system generator. Watermarking is performed in DWT domain using MATLAB after scaling of watermark data in Simulink environment. The co-hardware simulation has been performed for developed model using VIRTEX 6, ML605 BOARD to see the capability of watermarking system. The Simulink and system Generator through FPGA model extracts the Watermark appropriately and thereafter device utility for embedding system is determined.
Iridologie – eine naturheilkundliche Hinweisdiagnostik
Authors: Jahn Claus
Published: July 2023

Die Patienteninformation beantwortet für Patient*innen die Frage, was die Iridologie ist.
Die Iris: Landkarte des Organismus
Authors: Jahn Claus
Published: July 2023

Die moderne Iridologie wurde im 19. Jahrhundert entwickelt und seitdem kontinuierlich verfeinert. Die heutige Irisanalyse liefert keine Diagnosen, sondern vielfältige empirisch definierte Hinweise über mögliche Ursachen einer Erkrankung oder eines Symptomenkomplexes. Die Zeichen in der Struktur des Irisgewebes ermöglichen verschiedene Einblicke: etwa in die Individualkonstitution des Patienten oder die Reaktionsart und -fähigkeit des Organismus. Sie sind Wegweiser für eine zielgerichtete Therapie. Die iridologische Befunderhebung bietet eine unaufwendige und erfolgversprechende Möglichkeit, Behandlungsansätze effizienter zu machen. Die Irisanalyse kann sowohl in verschiedene Therapiesysteme als auch in den alltäglichen Ablauf einer Heilpraktikerpraxis gut integriert werden.
Kinder in der iridologischen Betrachtung
Authors: Stier Anja
Published: July 2023

Bei der Analyse von Kindeririden muss beachtet werden, dass die Entwicklung der Iris eines Kindes bis zum 6. Lebensjahr andauern kann, bis sich ein vollständiges Bild erschließen lässt – Unruhe und Lichtscheu erfordern dabei ein rasches Beobachten. Einige Besonderheiten sind dabei anzutreffen und zu berücksichtigen, insbesondere Miosis, Mydriasis, Büschelwimpern, Schaumbläschen und die vegetativ-spastische Diathese, die in den letzten Jahrzenten deutlich zugenommen hat. Häufig indizierte Arzneien in den ersten Lebensjahren sind Calcium carbonicum (bei „sauberen Iriden“ mit wenigen Dispositionen und Diathesen) und Tuberculinum Koch („gekämmtes Haar“ nach Maubach oder Kochsche Zeichen).
Iriskonstitutionen in der Pflanzenheilkunde
Authors: Wanitschek Anne , Vigl Sebastian
Published: July 2023

Die Zuordnung augendiagnostischer beziehungsweise iridologischer Zeichen zu Heilpflanzen stellt einen wesentlichen Grundstein der personalisierten Phytotherapie nach dem System des Heilpraktikers Klaus Krämer dar. Augenfarbe der Patient*innen und Konstitutionsanalyse ermöglichen uns dabei, die individuelle Reaktions- und Krankheitsneigung zu berücksichtigen. Wir erhalten Hinweise, warum ein Mensch erkrankt und wie er gesunden kann. Die Bestimmung der Konstitution ist demnach ein wichtiges Kriterium für die Wahl des pflanzlichen Heilmittels, wenn wir aus dem großen pflanzlichen Arzneischatz schöpfen, um etwa eine Teetherapie zu konzipieren.
Zwei Königsdisziplinen vereint
Authors: Stier Anja
Published: July 2023

Wie sich in der Praxis zeigt, lässt sich die Iridologie ausgezeichnet mit Hahnemanns Miasmenlehre kombinieren – so zeigt der Nuxvomica-Typ (Stichworte: ehrgeizig, überaktiv, Darmbelastung) in der Iris typischerweise eine zentrale Heterochromie, eine vegetativ-spastische Diathese, neurogene Disposition, Leberstaketen und/oder eine Viereckkrause. Der Arsenicum-album-Typ ist meist durch Anspannung, Übersensibilität und Erschöpfung gekennzeichnet und zeigt in der Iris häufig eine enge Iriskrause, Verfärbungen in der Magen-Darm-Zone, eine neurogene Disposition, aberrante Fasern, Neuronennetze und/oder einen Neurasthenikerring. Calcium carbonicum gilt als Universalmittel für alle Altersgruppen und Krankheitsformen, besonders bei geringer Spannkraft – iridologisch zeigt sich typischerweise eine mesenchymal oder glandulär schwache Disposition sowie eine „saubere Iris“.
p-Block Element Catecholates: Lewis Superacidic, Constitutionally Dynamic, and Redox Active
Authors: Greb Lutz
Published: July 2023

Numerous strategies for enhancing the reactivity and properties of p-block elements have been devised in the past decades. This Account discusses our approaches by distinct ligand control on p-block elements in their normal (group) oxidation states. Catecholato ligands on silicon, germanium, or phosphorus produce a range of rewarding properties. Substantial electron withdrawal paired with structural constraint effects (influence of deformation energy) impart Lewis superacidity to these abundant elements. The ease of synthesis of such species facilitates screening in catalysis, promising a range of applications by powerful bond activation. Low-barrier Si–O/Si–O bond metathesis provides the most abundant bond in our Earth’s crust, with adaptive features under mild conditions, and establishes a new branch of constitutional dynamic chemistry. The redox-active character of catecholates grants access to novel compounds with tunable open-shell features. Overall, p-block catecholates offer unique opportunities due to their versatile features that will enrich the chemistry of the main-group elements.

1 Introduction

2 Halogenated Catecholates at Silicon Cause Substantial Lewis Acidity

3 Constitutional Dynamics Cause a Structural Mystery

4 Strong Silicon Lewis Acids Allow the Exploration of Uncharted Structures, Bond Activations, and Catalysis

5 The Catechol Approach on Other Elements: Germanium and Phosphorus

6 Catechols Are Redox Active: Also at Silicon

7 Conclusion
On the Copper(I)-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of 1-Bromoalkynes with N-Heterocyclic Organozinc Reagents: Substrate Scope and Catalyst Evaluation
Authors: Livinghouse Tom , Frabitore Christian
Published: July 2023

Nitrogen-containing heterocycles are ubiquitous in FDA-approved small molecule pharmaceuticals. Herein, we expand on a novel synthetic method for the production of saturated N-heterocyclic pharmacophore motifs with an internal alkyne for elaboration. The treatment of N,N-dimethylhydrazinoalkenes with diethylzinc followed by a Cu(I)-catalyzed cross-coupling with 1-bromoalkynes affords piperidines and pyrrolidines in respectable yields. Functional group tolerance is demonstrated by the inclusion of heteroatom-bearing alkynes. Unexpectedly, the use of ethyl propiolate as the trapping electrophile led to selective N-functionalization with the formation of vinylogous urethanes. Alternative Cu(I) complexes were also evaluated as prospective catalysts. This synthetic protocol can readily be achieved on a preparative scale.
Augmented Reality–Assisted versus Freehand Ventriculostomy in a Head Model
Authors: Schneider Max , Kunz Christian , Wirtz Christian Rainer , Mathis-Ullrich Franziska , Pala Andrej , Hlavac Michal
Published: July 2023

Background Ventriculostomy (VST) is a frequent neurosurgical procedure. Freehand catheter placement represents the standard current practice. However, multiple attempts are often required. We present augmented reality (AR) headset guided VST with in-house developed head models. We conducted a proof of concept study in which we tested AR-guided as well as freehand VST. Repeated AR punctures were conducted to investigate if a learning curve can be derived.

Methods Five custom-made 3D-printed head models, each holding an anatomically different ventricular system, were filled with agarose gel. Eleven surgeons placed two AR-guided as well as two freehand ventricular drains per head. A subgroup of four surgeons did a total of three series of AR-guided punctures each to test for a learning curve. A Microsoft HoloLens served as the hardware platform. The marker-based tracking did not require rigid head fixation. Catheter tip position was evaluated in computed tomography scans.

Results Marker-tracking, image segmentation, and holographic display worked satisfactorily. In freehand VST, a success rate of 72.7% was achieved, which was higher than under AR guidance (68.2%, difference not statistically significant). Repeated AR-guided punctures increased the success rate from 65 to 95%. We assume a steep learning curve as repeated AR-guided punctures led to an increase in successful attempts. Overall user experience showed positive feedback.

Conclusions We achieved promising results that encourage the continued development and technical improvement. However, several more developmental steps have to be taken before an application in humans can be considered. In the future, AR headset–based holograms have the potential to serve as a compact navigational help inside and outside the operating room.
The impact of labor mobility with fellow townsmen on the wages of rural migrants: evidence from China
Authors: Meng Fanqiang , Liu Zhihui , Lin Hao , Bhuiyan Miraj Ahmed
Published: July 2023

Labor mobility is an inherent component of economic development and labor market changes. With globalization and urbanization, labor mobility is on the rise in many developing countries, and it is of great significance to study the economic outcomes and poverty alleviation effects of this phenomenon. This paper explores the impact of labor mobility on the wages of rural migrants when they move out with their fellow townsmen (folks from the same county). The study uses the China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS) data and applies the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method for empirical analysis. Our results suggest that labor mobility with fellow townsmen significantly increases the wages of rural migrants. The paper shows two promotion mechanisms: mobility with fellow townsmen affects the wages of rural migrants by improving their ability to search for information and negotiate wages. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that mobility with fellow townsmen significantly increases the wages of rural migrants engaged in producer service, consumer service, blue-collar occupations, and working in state-owned and private enterprises. Furthermore, it has a more positive impact on the wages of older rural migrants from an intergenerational perspective. Interestingly, rural migrants may “give up” part of their wages to care for their families when they move with their spouses, parents, or children. Therefore, the government needs to take effective policy measures to promote the employment service system and improve the labor rights and interests protection mechanism for rural migrants.
Localizing the COVID-19 pandemic in Qatar
Authors: Boéri Julie , Giustini Deborah
Published: July 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted people’s professional and personal life in different ways across the globe. Adopting an enlarged view of localization which goes beyond market interests and extends to public concerns, this paper aims to examine the adaptive processes through which interpreters (and by extension providers and users) have localized the COVID-19 phenomenon in Qatar. To do so, it draws on an approach which combines narrative and practice theories. Considering that practices are storied and narratives are enacted, we focus on the ‘doings’ and the ‘sayings’ of interpreters. We present the findings of a case study conducted with Qatar-based interpreters. The primary data consists of qualitative, semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with active interpreters across settings and levels of expertise in the Qatar interpreting industry. This sample allowed us to collect rich stories of interpreters’ experience at the height of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: between March 2020 and March 2021, coinciding in Qatar with the first lockdown and the subsequent easing of restrictions with the establishment of precautionary measures. The findings show that interpreters adapt to the COVID-19 crisis and contribute to its response in ways that are specific to the cultural, temporal and spatial configuration of practice.
Unintentional containment of the contaminated
Authors: Techawongstien Koraya , Phanthaphoommee Narongdej
Published: July 2023

Access to healthcare information for Thailand’s migrants remains a challenge throughout the COVID-19 crisis, despite the Thai government’s efforts to support this vulnerable group. This study investigates the Thai authorities’ approach of health communication for migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and the role and network of translators/interpreters as the state’s agent by adopting the concepts of translation and interpreting in crisis communication and actor-network theory. This article focuses primarily on Myanmar translators/interpreters in the Thai context. The findings show that the state’s translation/interpreting efforts during the pandemic were lackadaisical in meeting such linguistic demands for migrants who have contributed significantly to Thailand’s economic growth for more than two decades. Despite the state’s adoption of a national language policy, Thai linguistic nationalism remains dominant. Such a move appears to unintentionally contain the sense of ‘foreign contamination’ brought to Thailand by these ‘inferior’ nationals but stands in stark contradiction to their trans-border language demands. Furthermore, the existing network of Thai translators/interpreters, which should assist the government in strengthening health communication for disadvantaged communities, is underdeveloped. Competing factions, non-inclusive member recruiting, and a particular priority on language pairs all thwart the network’s establishment process. The private hospitals’ translators/interpreters for Myanmar are not strongly affiliated with professional networks but with an imbalanced structure of networking.
How COVID-19 changes the way we approach pedagogy for translation
Authors: Liang Lisi
Published: July 2023

With the rapid development of digitisation and the dominance of social streaming platforms, the way we approach
pedagogy for translation has changed significantly, especially under the circumstances of COVID-19. Teaching traditionally in the
classroom seems insufficient to account for today’s overall distance learning atmosphere. Combined online and offline teaching
models, this paper borrows the concept of “multimodality”, developed by Kress and van Leeuwen (2001, 4), to capture “when and how technologies are specialised or multi-purpose” in the application of remote
teaching and learning for translation. Therefore, this article describes a teaching project which investigates the insights into
three critical components inspired by non-professional subtitling and dubbing into a formal teaching context. These are a two-step
pre-course preparation: a student-led questionnaire and an in-class quiz, the teamwork production of AVT works and a final
post-reflection targeted at oral presentation and written review. Pedagogically, this collaborative approach enables students to
improve translator competence, cultural awareness and technological capacities.
Using a contrastive hierarchy to formalize structural similarity as I-proximity in L3 phonology
Authors: Archibald John
Published: July 2023

In this paper I argue that cross-linguistic similarity in third language acquisition is determined by a structural
hierarchy of contrastive phonological features. Such an approach allows us formalize a predictive notion of I-proximity which also
provides an explanatory model of L2, and L3 phonological knowledge (represented in an integrated I-grammar). The metrics of
phonological similarity (i.e., structural not acoustic) are analogous to morphosyntactic similarity in that both morphosyntactic
and phonological approaches can compare the outcomes of parsing the L3 input by the L1 hierarchy and by the L2 hierarchy. From
this starting point I propose a conservative, incremental learning theory to guide subsequent reconstruction of the L3 grammar.
Under this model, it can be argued that phonology is part of Faculty of Language Narrow (FLN). The (gradient) phonetic material
comes from outside the FLN but the linguistic computational system converts it to discrete abstract elements that can be
manipulated by the learner.
Missing and not found
Authors: Lipták Anikó , Sybesma Rint
Published: July 2023

This paper offers novel insights on articlelessness in noun phrases in Dutch and German headlines. Modified noun
phrases that lack a determiner in headlines exhibit adjectival agreement that cannot be explained if one assumes an article that
is phonologically null or that has been PF-deleted. We describe the pattern, consider different analytical options and eventually
conclude that the interpretation, distribution as well as the observed adjectival agreement characteristic of articlelessness noun
phrases calls for an account in which the article is never projected to begin with.
Effect of Pr doping on structure and luminescence properties of ZrO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Lokesha H S , Chithambo M L , Tatumi Sonia Hatsue , Nagabhushana K R
Published: July 2023

Pr3+ impurity transitions in monoclinic and cubic phases of ZrO2 have been investigated by photoluminescence and thermoluminescence (TL). Zr(1−x)Pr
x
O2 (0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.015) samples were prepared by the combustion method. Rietveld refined x-ray diffraction results confirm that undoped ZrO2 has a monoclinic structure, whereas Pr doped ZrO2 samples are in mixed phase consisting of monoclinic and cubic structures. ZrO2 shows a broad defect-related emission peak centered at 500 nm under an excitation wavelength of 300 nm. A series of Pr3+-related emissions are observed at 512, 584, 612–640 nm due to 3P0 → 3H4, 3P1 + 1I6 → 3H5, 1D2 → 3H4 transitions and between 719 and 740 nm due to 1D2 → 3H5 transitions when excited with 454 nm. The PL decay lifetime of Zr0.996Pr0.004O2 is 1.55 μs for fixed λ
ex = 300 nm and λ
em = 612 nm. The TL glow curve of Zr0.99Pr0.01O2 shows a prominent peak at 695 K and secondary peaks at 508 K and 570 K, which are not observed in undoped ZrO2. The TL emission measured at 695 K confirms that Pr3+ replaces Zr4+ in cubic lattice sites of ZrO2. This work shows the relationship between the luminescence properties and different structures of ZrO2 and that supports the design of new materials for possible applications.
Capillary performance of vertically grooved wicks on laser-processed aluminum surfaces with different wettability
Authors: Chen Lie , Xu Yifan , Bennett Peter , Cheng Jian , Yang Qibiao , Liu Dun
Published: July 2023

Ultra-thin heat pipes have been employed extensively for the thermal management of electronic devices. Their capacity for heat transfer is significantly influenced by the capillary performance of the wicking structure in the pipes. In this study, superhydrophilic (SHPi) and superhydrophobic (SHPo) background surfaces were prepared on aluminum sheets using a nanosecond fiber laser. SHPi grooves with widths ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 mm were then produced on the surfaces with the same laser. The effects of the background wettability on the capillary performance of the grooves were investigated. The fastest ascent of the water in the grooves on the SHPo background surface occurred when the groove widths were between 0.1 and 0.2 mm. As the groove width increased to 0.3–0.4 mm, the water level rose most quickly in the groove on the SHPi surface. Furthermore, water absorption was always larger on the SHPi background surface for grooves of the same width as on the other two surfaces. As a result, a wettable background surface that matches the application requirements should be selected. The SHPo background surface should be used when a rapid water rise in the groove is desired. The SHPi background surface, on the other hand, increases water absorption capacity. Water absorption achieved a maximum of 6.8 mg with a groove width of 0.4 mm, and capillary performance parameters reached 4.62 × 10–7 N, which was 117.9% higher than the pristine background surface. This study presents fresh suggestions for increasing the capillary performance of vertically grooved wicks.
Effect of direct current bias on MZO window layer in CdTe solar cells
Authors: Wu Qiuchen , Zhang Yufeng , Li Ruchun , Huang Kai , Zhao Wenxiong , Liu Xiangxin
Published: July 2023

The band alignment between magnesium-doped zinc oxide (MZO) and cadmium telluride (CdTe) is critical for enhancing the efficiency of CdTe solar cells. In order to study the effect of direct current (DC) bias on the MZO film, various DC biases were applied during the radio frequency (RF) sputtering of the MZO films, with the target bias ranging from 79 V to 121 V. The compositional, structural, chemical, and electronic properties of the MZO films were investigated. The optical transmission and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results show that the DC bias could modify the position of the Fermi level while having minimal impact on the band gap of the MZO film. The MZO films with different DC biases were employed as the window layer in CdTe solar cells. The device without DC bias exhibited a low efficiency of 7.7%, corresponding to a cliff-like conduction band offset near −0.1 eV. The optimal DC bias for the MZO film was found to be 99 V, leading to an improvement in efficiency to 12.9%, with a spike-like conduction band offset near 0.2 eV. Further increases in the conduction band offset, however, decrease the photo-generated current, negatively impacting device performance. The results emphasize the significance of DC bias in the RF sputtering process of MZO films with regard to the functionality of CdTe solar cells.
Magnetization AC losses of MgB2 wires with thin filaments and resistive sheath
Authors: Kováč Ján , Kováč Pavol , Rindfleisch Matt , Tomsic Michael
Published: July 2023

Magnetization AC losses of fine-filamentary MgB2 wires with resistive CuNi sheaths were measured. The effects of varying the number of filaments (114–342, corresponding to effective filament diameters of 14–20 μm), twist pitch (10–30 mm) and outer sheath material on the total AC loss were studied. For a better understanding of individual loss contributions, the effects of varying applied temperature, magnetic field, and frequencies were examined. It is found that hysteresis loss per volume decreases with the reduced filament size and that coupling current losses play a dominant role. The effect of decoupling by twisting was clearly observed for the smallest twist pitches. Considering the possible degradation of transport currents by twisting, AC losses were also normalized by the critical currents of the same wires. While twisting to short pitch decreases losses significantly, it apparently does not reduce the transport current. Consequently, the fine-filamentary MgB2 wires with resistive CuNi sheath examined in this paper are excellent candidates for future low loss applications. Unlike ReBCO tapes, round MgB2 wires enable easy single strand twisting, and the braiding or cabling, of wires into a variety of specific shapes and diameters.
Structure driven magnetic properties and magnetodielectric coupling in a mixed metal oxide NdCr0.5Co0.5O3
Authors: Kaur Gurpreet , Mukherjee K
Published: July 2023

Mixed-metal oxides provide a vast playground to enhance and tune their functional properties, as compared to the respective parent oxides. In this context, we report the magnetic, thermal, dielectric, and magnetodielectric properties of NdCr0.5Co0.5O3. Three magnetic transitions, T
N1 –antiferromagnetic ordering of Cr3+ cations from paramagnetic state, T
N2—spin reorientation of these Cr3+ cations, and T
N3—due to Nd ordering induced by the Cr sub-lattice; have been observed due to a reduction in orthorhombic distortion. Modification of magnetic interactions is also noted because of the presence of Co cations in NdCrO3 matrix. The reduction in Nd3+-Cr3+ interactions is further concluded from the Schottky anomaly in the heat capacity, which arises due to Zeeman splitting of the ground state Kramer’s doublet of Nd3+ cations. The presence of significant magnetodielectric coupling (∼4%) below T
N2 has been observed. Additionally, double relaxor-like behaviour around 176 and 230 K, with activation energy ∼0.24 and 0.32 eV, is observed due to charge carrier hopping at Cr/Co-site. Our studies indicate that structure-driven modifications of Cr3+-Cr3+ and Nd3+-Cr3+ interactions are responsible for enhanced value of magnetic transitions and magnetodielectric coupling in NdCr0.5Co0.5O3, as compared to its respective parent compounds.
Solving a singular integral equation for the one-dimensional Coulomb problem
Authors: Shutovskyi Arsen , Sakhnyuk Vasyl , Muliar Vadim
Published: July 2023

A new integral equation that describes the behavior of the momentum space wave function for the one-dimensional Coulomb potential is proposed. The obtained result turned out to be a homogeneous Fredholm integral equation of the second kind and a singular integral equation, because its kernel has a singularity at some point in the momentum space. A nontriviality of the method of solving this singular integral equation lies in the application of the integral representation for its integral kernel. The technique applied in this paper made it possible to show that the wave function in the momentum representation is simultaneously a solution of the homogeneous Fredholm integral equation of the second kind and of the linear Volterra integral equation of the second kind. Since a linear Volterra integral equation of the second kind was easily transformed into a second order linear inhomogeneous differential equation with constant coefficients, the eigenfunctions and eigenvalues in the one-dimensional Coulomb problem were found without any difficulties. Such a circumstance may indicate the validity of the new integral equation and the proposed method of its solving.
On adiabatic subtraction in an inflating Universe
Authors: Corbà Sofia P. , Sorbo Lorenzo
Published: July 2023

Adiabatic subtraction is a popular method of renormalization of observables in quantum field theories on a curved spacetime. When applied to the computation of the power spectra of light (m ≪ H) fields on de Sitter space with flat Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker slices, the standard prescriptions of adiabatic subtraction, traceable back to [1,2], lead to results that are significantly different from the standard expectations not only in the ultraviolet (k ≫ aH) but also at intermediate (m ≪ k/a ≲ H) wavelengths. In this paper we review those results and we contrast them with the power spectra obtained using an alternative prescription for adiabatic subtraction applied to quantum field theoretical systems by Dabrowski and Dunne [3,4]. This prescription eliminates the intermediate-wavelength effects of renormalization that are found when using the standard one.
Equal Prevalence of Depression in Men and Women with Parkinson’s Disease Revealed by Online Assessment
Authors: Piers Ryan J , Black Kelly C , Salazar Robert D , Islam Samia , Neargarder Sandy , Cronin-Golomb Alice
Published: July 2023

Objective

Identifying persons needing mental health services is hampered by stigma-related underreporting of symptoms, especially by men. Men with Parkinson’s disease (PD) consistently report lower rates of depression than women in in-person studies. We predicted that online anonymity would elicit more gender-based parity in depression endorsement.

Method

We administered the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) online to 344 participants with PD (52% women). Depression was defined as BDI-II score >13 and/or use of antidepressant medications.

Results

Overall depression prevalence was consistent with in-person studies, but with no significant difference between men and women.

Conclusions

Online methods may circumvent barriers to depression identification in men with PD.
Listening and learning for public engagement with research
Authors: Watson Rob
Published: July 2023

What is the possibility of community radio operating as a public engagement platform for the dissemination of publicly funded and socially relevant research? Are there ways that community development techniques, along with community-focussed communication methodologies, can be used to support inclusive and sustainable forms of public engagement for research, that go beyond goal-oriented and transactional forms of corporate and industrial mass media? The assertion here is that with the pressing demands of collective social transformation associated with the Great Disruption, there is an urgent need to revitalize the community development mindset of public engagement with—and using—established and emergent forms of media. This renewed mindset offers an extended approach to community-oriented communication that goes beyond the prevailing and standard forms of news reporting, marketing, public relations and mass media information distribution. In other words, the forms of media engagement that typically characterize much of the commercial and institutional communication practices. Instead, and as explored here, there is a need to foster an alternative communications mindset that embeds participative, mutual and developmental expectations of care, stewardship and social justice as foundational principles of communication and media for public engagement for social and academic research.
ChatGPT and dermatology: friends or foes?
Authors: Potestio Luca , Martora Fabrizio , Villani Alessia , Ruggiero Angelo , Scalvenzi Massimiliano , Megna Matteo
Published: July 2023

ChatGPT, a free online resource that generates human-like responses to chat requests, has been recently launched and may be a valuable supporting tool in daily clinical practice. Dermatologists should always use their clinical judgement, experience and expertise in conjunction with artificial intelligence tools to ensure the best care for their patients.
International Rule of Law through the Lens of Chinese Traditional Culture
Authors: Wang Guiguo
Published: July 2023

Rule of law is recognized as an effective means of government. The international community, led by the United Nations, has been advocating the adoption of rule of law at international and national levels against the backdrop of globalization. This article examines the contributions that Chinese traditional culture may make to the creation of international rule of law. For this purpose, it will first analyse the sources and status of rule of law at the national level and the similarities and differences between international and national rule of law, the conditionality for creating international rule of law, and the development thereof. It argues that rule of law is a shared value of mankind, which is evidenced in the teachings of Chinese traditional culture; yet, due to their differences in nature, international rule of law that is applied in the international community differs from national rule of law that is enforced in national communities. This article examines the development of international rule of law and argues that it can serve as the basis for furthering international collaboration and for realizing human dignity and world peace stipulated in the Charter of the United Nations.
Chronic SIRT1 supplementation in diabetic mice improves endothelial function by suppressing oxidative stress
Authors: Yang Kangmin , Velagapudi Srividya , Akhmedov Alexander , Kraler Simon , Lapikova-Bryhinska Tetiana , Schmiady Martin O , Wu Xiaoping , Geng Leiluo , Camici Giovanni G , Xu Aimin , Lüscher Thomas F
Published: July 2023

Aims

Enhancing SIRT1 activity exerts beneficial cardiovascular effects. In diabetes, plasma SIRT1 levels are reduced. We aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of chronic recombinant murine SIRT1 (rmSIRT1) supplementation to alleviate endothelial and vascular dysfunction in diabetic mice (db/db).

Methods and results

Left internal mammary arteries obtained from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with or without a diagnosis of diabetes were assayed for SIRT1 protein levels. Twelve-week-old male db/db mice and db/+ controls were treated with vehicle or rmSIRT1 intraperitoneally for 4 weeks, after which carotid artery pulse wave velocity (PWV) and energy expenditure/activity were assessed by ultrasound and metabolic cages, respectively. Aorta, carotid, and mesenteric arteries were isolated to determine endothelial and vascular function using the myograph system.

Arteries obtained from diabetic patients had significantly lower levels of SIRT1 relative to non-diabetics. In line, aortic SIRT1 levels were reduced in db/db mice compared to db/+ mice, while rmSIRT1 supplementation restored SIRT1 levels. Mice receiving rmSIRT1 supplementation displayed increased physical activity and improved vascular compliance as reflected by reduced PWV and attenuated collagen deposition. Aorta of rmSIRT1-treated mice exhibited increased endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) activity, while endothelium-dependent contractions of their carotid arteries were significantly decreased, with mesenteric resistance arteries showing preserved hyperpolarization. Ex vivo incubation with reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger Tiron and NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin revealed that rmSIRT1 leads to preserved vascular function by suppressing NADPH oxidase (NOX)-related ROS synthesis. Chronic rmSIRT1 treatment resulted in reduced expression of both NOX1 and NOX4, in line with a reduction in aortic protein carbonylation and plasma nitrotyrosine levels.

Conclusions

In diabetic conditions, arterial SIRT1 levels are significantly reduced. Chronic rmSIRT1 supplementation improves endothelial function and vascular compliance by enhancing eNOS activity and suppressing NOX-related oxidative stress. Thus, SIRT1 supplementation may represent novel therapeutic strategy to prevent diabetic vascular disease.