bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gd3+-Asparagine-Anionic Linear Globular Dendrimer Second-Generation G2 Complexes: Novel Nanobiohybrid Theranostics
Authors: Hashempour Alamdari Nasim , Alaei-Beirami Mahmood , Sadat Shandiz Seyed Ataollah , Hejazinia Hadi , Rasouli Rahimeh , Saffari Mostafa , Sadat Ebrahimi Seyed Esmaeil , Assadi Artin , Shafiee Ardestani Mehdi
Published: September 2017

Designing a unique theranostic biocompatible, biodegradable, and cost-effective agent which is easy to be synthesized as a biohybrid material was the aim of this study. In this matter, asparagine attached to anionic linear globular dendrimer G2 (as a biocompatible, biodegradable, and cost-effective agent which is negatively charged nanosized and water soluble polymer that outweighs other traditionally used dendrimers) and finally contrast agent (Gd3+) was loaded (which made complexes) in synthesized asparagine-dendrimer. Observations revealed that, in addition to successful colon cancer and brain targeting, Gd3+-dendrimer-asparagine, the proposed theranostic agent, could increase T1 MR relaxation times, decrease T2 MR relaxation times significantly, and improve contrast of image as well as illustrating good cellular uptake based on florescent microscopy/flow cytometry and ICP-mass data. In addition to that, it increased tumor growth inhibition percentage (TGI%) significantly compared to FDA approved contrast agent, Magnevist. Totally, Gd3+-anionic linear globular dendrimer G2-asparagine could be introduced to the cancer imaging/therapy (theranostics) protocols after in vivo MR and fluorescent analysis and passing clinical trials. Hence, this nanotheranostic agent would be a promising candidate for brain drug delivery and imaging in the future.
Existence and Multiplicity of Nontrivial Solutions for a Class of Semilinear Fractional Schrödinger Equations
Authors: Du Xinsheng , Mao Anmin
Published: September 2017

This paper is concerned with the existence of solutions to the following fractional Schrödinger type equations: -∆su+Vxu=fx,u,  x∈RN, where the primitive of the nonlinearity f is of superquadratic growth near infinity in u and the potential V is allowed to be sign-changing. By using variant Fountain theorems, a sufficient condition is obtained for the existence of infinitely many nontrivial high energy solutions.
Tooth Reattachment and Palatal Veneer on a Multidisciplinary Approach of Crown Fractures in Upper Central Incisors
Authors: Machado Vanessa , Alves Ricardo , Lopes Luísa , Botelho João , Mendes José João
Published: September 2017

Dental trauma is more common in young patients and its sequelae may have great impact on the esthetics, functions, and phonetics. This paper reports a case of trauma in both central incisors in a young 17-year-old patient who was treated using adhesive tooth fragment reattachment on tooth 2.1 and a palatal indirect composite veneer on tooth 1.1. Regarding the available literature and fracture extension, the treatment approach proposed for this case provided good functional and esthetic outcomes. Clinical and radiographic results after 1 year were successful. This case demonstrates the importance of establishing a multidisciplinary approach for successful dental trauma management.
Optimal Sizing for Wind/PV/Battery System Using Fuzzy c-Means Clustering with Self-Adapted Cluster Number
Authors: Liu Xin , Chen Hong-Kun , Huang Bing-Qing , Tao Yu-Bo
Published: September 2017

Integrating wind generation, photovoltaic power, and battery storage to form hybrid power systems has been recognized to be promising in renewable energy development. However, considering the system complexity and uncertainty of renewable energies, such as wind and solar types, it is difficult to obtain practical solutions for these systems. In this paper, optimal sizing for a wind/PV/battery system is realized by trade-offs between technical and economic factors. Firstly, the fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm was modified with self-adapted parameters to extract useful information from historical data. Furthermore, the Markov model is combined to determine the chronological system states of natural resources and load. Finally, a power balance strategy is introduced to guide the optimization process with the genetic algorithm to establish the optimal configuration with minimized cost while guaranteeing reliability and environmental factors. A case of island hybrid power system is analyzed, and the simulation results are compared with the general FCM method and chronological method to validate the effectiveness of the mentioned method.
Evaluation of Peripheral Zone Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness Using the Ratio of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Measures
Authors: Onay Aslihan , Ertas Gokhan , Vural Metin , Acar Omer , Saglican Yesim , Coskun Bilgen , Akpek Sergin
Published: September 2017

Purpose. To evaluate the aggressiveness of peripheral zone prostate cancer by correlating the Gleason score (GS) with the ratio of the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures. Materials and Methods. Forty-two peripheral zone prostate tumors were imaged using DTI. Regions of interest focusing on the center of tumor foci and noncancerous tissue were used to extract statistical measures of mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotroy (FA). Measure ratio was calculated by dividing tumor measure by noncancerous tissue measure. Results. Strong correlations are observable between GS and MD measures while weak correlations are present between GS and FA measures. Minimum tumor MD (MDmin) and the ratio of minimum MD (rMDmin) show the same highest correlation with GS (both ρ=-0.73). Between GS ≤ 7 (3 + 4) and GS ≥ 7 (4 + 3), differences are significant for all MD measures but for some FA measures. MD measures perform better than FA measures in discriminating GS ≥ 7 (4 + 3). Conclusion. Ratios of MD measures can be used in evaluation of peripheral zone prostate cancer aggressiveness; however tumor MD measures alone perform similarly.
Multihoming for Mobile Internet of Multimedia Things
Authors: Balan Titus , Robu Dan , Sandu Florin
Published: September 2017

Mobility, redundancy, and bandwidth requirements are transforming the communication models used for IoT, mainly in case of Critical Communications and multimedia streaming (“IoMT, Internet of Multimedia Things”), as wireless video traffic is expected to be 60–75% of the global mobile traffic by 2020. One of the characteristics of 5G networks will be the proliferation of different/heterogeneous radio networks (virtualized radio access networks, RAN, new energy-efficient radios, femtocells, and offloading capabilities) and the possibility for IoT objects to connect and load-balance between dual and multiple RANs. This paper focuses on the possibility of using LISP (Locator Identifier Separation Protocol) for multihoming and load-balancing purposes and presents an illustrative scenario for the case of mobile IoT (e.g., the “things” part of vehicular or public transportation systems, PTS) that are also intensive bandwidth consumers, like the case of connected multimedia “things.” We have implemented and tested a demonstrator of a mobile LISP IoT gateway that is also integrated with Cloud-based video analytics.
Vitamin B-6, Independent of Homocysteine, Is a Significant Factor in Relation to Inflammatory Responses for Chronic Kidney Disease and Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Chen Cheng-Hsu , Yeh En-Ling , Chen Chih-Chung , Huang Shih-Chien , Huang Yi-Chia
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether plasma pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) and homocysteine were dependent on or independent of each other in order to be associated with inflammatory markers in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or those receiving hemodialysis treatment. This was a cross-sectional study. Sixty-eight stage 2–5 CKD patients and 68 hemodialysis patients had one time fasting blood drawn for measurements of plasma PLP, pyridoxal (PL), homocysteine, and several inflammatory markers. Early CKD stage (stages 2-3) patients showed significantly lower plasma PLP levels and homocysteine concentrations than patients in an advanced CKD stage (stages 4-5) and those undergoing hemodialysis. Plasma PLP significantly correlated with CRP levels (partialrs= −0.21,p<0.05) and plasma PL significantly correlated with IL-10 levels (partialrs= −0.24,p<0.01), while plasma PLP plus PL significantly correlated with both CRP levels (partialrs= −0.20,p<0.05) and interleukin-1β(partialrs= 0.22,p<0.05) levels after adjusting for plasma homocysteine and other potential confounders. Plasma homocysteine displayed no significant correlations with any inflammatory markers. Vitamin B-6 status, rather than homocysteine, appeared to be a significant factor in relation to inflammatory responses for CKD and hemodialysis patients.
Impact of Ozone Valley over the Tibetan Plateau on the South Asian High in CAM5
Authors: Li Zhenkun , Qin Hao , Guo Dong , Zhou Shunwu , Huang Ying , Su Yucheng , Wang Linwei , Sun Yang
Published: September 2017

Local climate effects of Tibetan Plateau Ozone Valley (OVTP) were investigated by numerical simulations using Community Atmosphere Model version 5.1.1 (CAM5). After a 20-year spin-up period, two additional 10-year experiments were conducted. CAM5 was driven by monthly mean climatological ozone in control experiment (CE) and OVTP in the sensitivity experiment (SE) was removed from May to September. After the removal of OVTP, South Asian High (SAH) becomes more robust and colder from June to August, especially in June. The reason for enhancement of SAH is that removal of OVTP increasing ozone in 200–30 hPa leads to significant enhancement of longwave and shortwave radiative heating rate in SAH region in June, and then enhancement of horizontal divergence resulting from the radiative warming leads to strengthening of SAH influenced by the Coriolis force, while the colder SAH is primarily caused by dynamic processes. Adiabatic expansion and ascending movement mainly bring about temperature decrease in SAH after OVTP removal, but the thermodynamic process related to radiative heating offsets part of the cooling response.
Self-Reconstruction Property of a Special Speckle Pattern after Obstructing by an Opaque Obstruction
Authors: Chen Yanyu , Tan Huang , Wu Gaofeng
Published: September 2017

Numerical simulation of random optical field with special autocorrelation is performed. It can be seen that the speckle pattern with special autocorrelation is different from the general speckle pattern whose autocorrelation is a Gaussian function. Furthermore, we study the propagation property of the special speckle in free space after blocking by an opaque obstruction and find the self-healing effect of speckle. In particular, we investigate the influence of size and shape of obstruction and the coherence of speckle on the speckle’s reconstruction process. We find that it is affected by the size of obstruction and the coherence of the speckle but is almost not affected by the shape of obstruction. Our results can be applied to the imaging, optical communication, and so on.
KIT Suppresses BRAFV600E-Mutant Melanoma by Attenuating Oncogenic RAS/MAPK Signaling
Authors: Neiswender James V. , Kortum Robert L. , Bourque Caitlin , Kasheta Melissa , Zon Leonard I. , Morrison Deborah K. , Ceol Craig J.
Published: September 2017

The receptor tyrosine kinase KIT promotes survival and migration of melanocytes during development, and excessive KIT activity hyperactivates the RAS/MAPK pathway and can drive formation of melanomas, most notably of rare melanomas that occur on volar and mucosal surfaces of the skin. The much larger fraction of melanomas that occur on sun-exposed skin is driven primarily by BRAF- or NRAS-activating mutations, but these melanomas exhibit a surprising loss of KIT expression, which raises the question of whether loss of KIT in these tumors facilitates tumorigenesis. To address this question, we introduced a kit(lf) mutation into a strain of Tg(mitfa:BRAFV600E); p53(lf) melanoma-prone zebrafish. Melanoma onset was accelerated in kit(lf); Tg(mitfa:BRAFV600E); p53(lf) fish. Tumors from kit(lf) animals were more invasive and had higher RAS/MAPK pathway activation. KIT knockdown also increased RAS/MAPK pathway activation in a BRAFV600E-mutant human melanoma cell line. We found that pathway stimulation upstream of BRAFV600E could paradoxically reduce signaling downstream of BRAFV600E, and wild-type BRAF was necessary for this effect, suggesting that its activation can dampen oncogenic BRAFV600E signaling. In vivo, expression of wild-type BRAF delayed melanoma onset, but only in a kit-dependent manner. Together, these results suggest that KIT can activate signaling through wild-type RAF proteins, thus interfering with oncogenic BRAFV600E-driven melanoma formation. Cancer Res; 77(21); 5820–30. ©2017 AACR.
Discrimination of Germline EGFR T790M Mutations in Plasma Cell-Free DNA Allows Study of Prevalence Across 31,414 Cancer Patients
Authors: Hu Yuebi , Alden Ryan S. , Odegaard Justin I. , Fairclough Stephen R. , Chen Ruthia , Heng Jennifer , Feeney Nora , Nagy Rebecca J. , Shah Jayshree , Ulrich Bryan , Gutierrez Martin , Lanman Richard B. , Garber Judy E. , Paweletz Cloud P. , Oxnard Geoffrey R.
Published: September 2017

Purpose: Plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) analysis is increasingly used clinically for cancer genotyping, but may lead to incidental identification of germline-risk alleles. We studied EGFR T790M mutations in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) toward the aim of discriminating germline and cancer-derived variants within cfDNA.

Experimental Design: Patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC, some with known germline EGFR T790M, underwent plasma genotyping. Separately, deidentified genomic data and buffy coat specimens from a clinical plasma next-generation sequencing (NGS) laboratory were reviewed and tested.

Results: In patients with germline T790M mutations, the T790M allelic fraction (AF) in cfDNA approximates 50%, higher than that of EGFR driver mutations. Review of plasma NGS results reveals three groups of variants: a low-AF tumor group, a heterozygous group (∼50% AF), and a homozygous group (∼100% AF). As the EGFR driver mutation AF increases, the distribution of the heterozygous group changes, suggesting increased copy number variation from increased tumor content. Excluding cases with high copy number variation, mutations can be differentiated into somatic variants and incidentally identified germline variants. We then developed a bioinformatic algorithm to distinguish germline and somatic mutations; blinded validation in 21 cases confirmed a 100% positive predictive value for predicting germline T790M. Querying a database of 31,414 patients with plasma NGS, we identified 48 with germline T790M, 43 with nonsquamous NSCLC (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions: With appropriate bioinformatics, plasma genotyping can accurately predict the presence of incidentally detected germline risk alleles. This finding in patients indicates a need for genetic counseling and confirmatory germline testing. Clin Cancer Res; 23(23); 7351–9. ©2017 AACR.
Magnetic Resonance Features and Characteristic Vascular Pattern of Alveolar Soft-Part Sarcoma
Authors: Cui Jiu-Fa , Chen Hai-Song , Hao Da-Peng , Liu Ji-Hua , Hou Feng , Xu Wen-Jian
Published: September 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the magnetic resonance (MR) features of alveolar soft-part sarcoma (ASPS). Methods: We studied 12 patients with ASPS confirmed by pathology in this retrospective study. MR features were analyzed, especially for the location, morphology, signals, and related enhanced features of the tumor vessels. Results: Flow voids were shown in the central part of the tumor on T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) in all patients; they were arrayed in a radiating mode gathered toward the center (8 cases), designated by us as vascular center-gathered syndrome (VCGS), or scattered like twigs (4 cases). The flow voids were accompanied by high signals in all patients, including tubular (6 cases) and platy (6 cases) signals. Slightly higher signals were shown in the peripheral part of the tumor in all patients. Flow voids in the peripheral part were shown in all patients, and the majority of the flow voids surrounded the tumor (8 cases). The vessels around the tumor in 9 patients showed high signals, and the majority of the vessels were located at the superior and inferior poles (8 cases). 6 patients underwent enhanced scanning, including moderate (5 cases) and significant enhancement (1 case). Conclusion: Low signals of radiating flow voids accompanied by high signals of slow blood flow or blood sinuses in the center part have high significance for the diagnosis of ASPS.
Presença de Listeria monocytogenes em Queijos de Pasta Mole da Região a Sul do Tejo
Authors: Gonçalves Magda , Furtado Rosália , Coelho Anabela , Correia Cristina Belo , Valente Ana
Published: September 2017

Introdução: Nas últimas décadas, o número de casos de infeções de origem alimentar provocadas por Listeria monocytogenes tem vindo a aumentar. Objetivo: Deteção e quantificação de Listeria monocytogenes em queijos de pasta mole produzidos na região a Sul do Tejo. Metodologia: Foram analisadas 30 amostras de queijos de pasta mole de diferentes fabricantes, dos quais 66,7% produzidas a partir de leite de ovelha cru. Resultados: Das amostras analisadas, 10% (n = 3) estavam contaminadas com Listeria monocytogenes e 17% (n = 5) com Listeria innocua. Conclusão: O consumo de queijos de pasta mole está associado com o aumento do risco de ocorrência de listeriose.
Prevalência e Risco de Tabagismo entre Estudantes do Ensino Médio em Cidade do Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Dantas Deborah Rose Galvão , de Souza Machado Neto Adelmo , da Silva Matos Gilberto , Figueiredo da Silva Guilherme , Guerra Pereira Pinto Iurhi Henrique , Cavalcante Marques André , de Souza Rodrigues Bruno , de Souza Machado Adelmir
Published: September 2017

Objetivo: Descrever a prevalência e fatores de risco ao tabagismo entre estudantes de Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil. Método: Corte transversal com 781 estudantes de 16 escolas. Para a análise estatística utilizou-se o sistema computacional R, teste qui-quadrado e regressão logística. Resultados: A prevalência de fumadores foi de 9,8%; a experimentação, 31,2%; fumadores atuais 6%; ex-fumadores 4,6%; expostos ao fumo ambiental, 68%. Fatores de risco: conviver com fumadores, ser indiferente ao controlo da venda, considerar desnecessário o aumento da fiscalização e observar menores a comprar cigarros. Conclusão: As prevalências não apresentaram redução, contrariando a tendência observada nas últimas décadas no Brasil. Os fatores de risco estão ligados ao convívio com fumadores e à falha na prevenção e cumprimento das leis de proteção dirigidas aos adolescentes.
The SQ House Dust Mite SLIT-Tablet Is Well Tolerated in Patients with House Dust Mite Respiratory Allergic Disease
Authors: Emminger Waltraud , Hernández María Dolores , Cardona Victòria , Smeenk Frank , Fogh Bodil S. , Calderon Moises A. , de Blay Frederic , Backer Vibeke
Published: September 2017

Background: The SQ house dust mite (HDM) SLIT-tablet (ALK, Denmark) addresses the underlying cause of HDM respiratory allergic disease, and a clinical effect has been demonstrated for both HDM allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma. Here, we present pooled safety data from an adult population with HDM respiratory allergy, with particular focus on the impact of asthma on the SQ HDM SLIT-tablet tolerability profile. Methods: Safety data from 2 randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials were included: MT-04: 834 adults with HDM allergic asthma not well controlled by inhaled corticosteroids and with HDM allergic rhinitis, and MT-06: 992 adults with moderate-to-severe HDM allergic rhinitis despite the use of allergy pharmacotherapy and with or without asthma. Results: The proportion of subjects experiencing adverse events (AEs) was greater in the active treatment group (12 SQ-HDM; 73% of subjects) compared to placebo (53%). The most common treatment-related AEs were local allergic reactions. No AEs were reported as systemic allergic reactions. Regardless of asthma status, most AEs were mild or moderate (>97% of AEs) and the frequency of serious AEs was low. Subgroup analysis revealed no statistically significant difference in the risk of experiencing moderate or severe treatment-related AEs for subjects with asthma compared to subjects without asthma (p = 0.88). In addition, subjects with partly controlled or uncontrolled asthma were no more likely to experience moderate or severe treatment-related AEs than subjects with controlled asthma (p = 0.42). Conclusion: The SQ HDM SLIT-tablet is well tolerated, and the safety profile was comparable for subjects with HDM respiratory allergic disease irrespective of asthma status.
Interaction of Platelet-Derived Microparticles with a Human B-Lymphoblast Cell Line: A Clue for the Immunologic Function of the Microparticles
Authors: Yari Fatemah , Motefaker Mahboubeh , Nikougoftar Mahin , Khayati Zahra
Published: September 2017

Background: Platelets are blood cells with extensive capabilities in hemostasis. They also play a central role in the development of innate and adaptive immune responses. Little information exists about the immunostimulatory role of platelet-derived microparticles (Plt-MPs). To further elucidate this issue, we conducted this study using the B-lymphoblast cell line ‘Daudi' as an available surrogate cell line for peripheral blood B lymphocytes. This cell line does not produce immunoglobulins (Igs) and has low expression of activation markers. Methods: Plt-MPs were isolated from platelet concentrate (PC) using a multi-step centrifugation method. Daudi cells were treated with Plt-MPs in the culture medium while no treatment was given to the control cells. During 5-day co-culture, Daudi cells were evaluated for the Ig production and the expression of the cell surface markers CD86, CD27, and IgD. Results: An increase was observed for the production of IgG and the expression of CD27 and CD86 on Daudi cells in response to Plt-MPs, whereas the IgD level was decreased. The response of Daudi cells was dependent on the concentration of Plt-MPs and the time of their isolation from PCs during storage. The differences of the variables were significant between the treatment and control groups. Conclusion: Plt-MPs could induce the activation and differentiation of immortalized cells of B-cell origin. Thus it is conceivable that Plt-MPs may play a significant role as immortalized cell activators in human monoclonal antibody technology in near future.
Unusual Clinical Presentation of Hemobilia with Recurrent Vasovagal Episodes
Authors: Tiwari Abhinav , Hammad Tariq , Sharma Himani , Qamar Khola , Khan Mohammad Saud , Khan Zubair , Nawras Ali , Sodeman Thomas
Published: September 2017

Hemobilia is caused by the abnormal connection between a blood vessel and the bile duct, which is usually iatrogenic and caused by hepatobiliary procedures. The classic triad of hemobilia includes biliary colic, obstructive jaundice, and gastrointestinal bleeding. We present the case of an 80-year-old man who had laparoscopic cholecystectomy complicated by hemobilia. He had an unusual presentation of hemobilia in the form of transient vasovagal episodes in addition to abdominal pain and hematochezia.
Beneficial Effects of High Doses of Cabergoline in the Treatment of Giant Prolactinoma Resistant to Dopamine Agonists: A Case Report with a 21-Year Follow-Up
Authors: de Castro Lucas Faria , Magalhães Gonzaga Maria de Fátima  , Naves Luciana Ansaneli , Luiz Mendonça José , Oton de Lima Benicio , Casulari Luiz Augusto
Published: September 2017

Introduction: Prolactinomas are pituitary tumors with a very low prevalence in childhood and adolescence compared to adulthood. This condition is preferentially treated with dopamine agonists. Resistance to these drugs is rare. Case Report: We describe the case of a boy diagnosed with macroadenoma at the age of 9 and followed up for 21 years. He did not fully respond to treatment with dopamine agonists. His initial prolactin level was 2,400 ng/mL (in males, normal values are <16.0 ng/mL) and never normalized. At the last assessment, his prolactin level was 21.5 ng/mL, recorded after 21 years of treatment with the dopamine agonist cabergoline at a dose as high as 4.5 mg per week. Although the prolactin level remained elevated throughout the follow-up period, the patient never presented a low testosterone level and had normal pubertal development. An MRI of the sella turcica showed that the tumor became progressively cystic and disappeared, but a normal pituitary gland was observed. The pituitary gland retained its normal functions despite a partially empty sella. Discussion: Long-term treatment with high doses of cabergoline may cause cystic degeneration of a prolactinoma considered to be resistant to this treatment, but we cannot rule out the possibility that this outcome represents the natural development of the tumor.
Primary Cardiac T Cell Lymphoma Mimicking ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Pirzada Ashar , Connors Sean , Harris Scott , Adams Corey
Published: September 2017

Primary cardiac T cell lymphoma is an extremely rare condition with only a handful of biopsy-proven cases worldwide. We present a 62-year-old female presenting with nonspecific chest discomfort, shortness of breath, and anterolateral ST-elevation on electrocardiogram mimicking a ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Imaging revealed a cardiac mass and cardiac catheterization showed diffuse noncritical coronary disease with an occluded 2nd diagonal branch. Biopsy via minimally invasive cardiac surgery showed a pathologically proven diagnosis of primary cardiac T cell lymphoma. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case worldwide of primary cardiac T cell lymphoma that has resulted in ST-elevation mimicking a myocardial infarction.
Bioavailability of House Dust Mite Allergens in Sublingual Allergy Tablets Is Highly Dependent on the Formulation
Authors: Ohashi-Doi Katsuyo , Kito Hirokazu , Du Weibin , Nakazawa Hiroshi , Ipsen Henrik , Gudmann Pernille , Lund Kaare
Published: September 2017

Background: In sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), the immune system is addressed by solubilized allergen that interacts with immunocompetent cells of the oral mucosa, the efficiency of which is governed by 2 main factors of SLIT allergen bioavailability: the allergen concentration and the mucosal contact time. Recently, 3 house dust mite (HDM) SLIT tablets were developed that differ with regard to allergen content, nominal strength (maintenance doses: 6 SQ-HDM/10,000 Japanese Allergen Units [JAU], 12 SQ-HDM/ 20,000 JAU, and 300 IR/57,000 JAU), and formulation (freeze-dried/compressed). Here, the importance of the SLIT tablet formulation for HDM major allergen bioavailability is examined. Methods: The HDM major allergen content, tablet disintegration times, and allergen release kinetics were determined. Dissolution kinetics (allergen concentration vs. time) of Der f 1, Der p 1, and Der 2 were measured. Area under the curve (AUC) was used as a surrogate parameter for allergen bioavailability. Results: The release of HDM major allergens from the freeze-dried tablets was complete after 30 s, while only partial release was achieved with the compressed tablets, even after prolonged dissolution. At 1 min, i.e., the recommended sublingual holding time for the freeze-dried tablets, the allergen bioavailability (AUC) of the compressed 300 IR/57,000 JAU tablet was 4.7-fold (Der f 1), 10.8-fold (Der p 1), and 23.6-fold (Der 2) lower than that of the freeze-dried 12 SQ-HDM/20,000 JAU tablet and similar to (Der f 1) and 5.3-fold (Der p 1) and 12.5-fold (Der 2) lower than that of the freeze-dried 6 SQ-HDM/10,000 JAU tablet. Conclusions: SLIT tablet allergen bioavailability depends highly on the tablet formulation. Only the fast-dissolving freeze-dried tablets provide maximal delivery of soluble allergens and achieve allergen concentrations that reflect the nominal tablet strengths within the recommended sublingual holding time.
Yakult Intestinal Flora-SCAN: A Novel Culture-Independent Analytical Method for Detection of Bacteria in the Bloodstream
Authors: Tsuji Hirokazu , Nomoto Koji
Published: September 2017

We have developed a highly sensitive microbial analytical system, the Yakult Intestinal Flora-SCAN (YIF-SCAN), based on reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, to quantify the intestinal microbiota. Targeting ribosomal RNA “molecules,” which are present in abundant copies in the microorganisms, YIF-SCAN is at least hundreds of times more sensitive (detection limits: 102-3 cells/g feces, 1 cell/mL blood) than conventional DNA-based methods, and hence enables highly sensitive and precise detection of viable microorganisms in various types of samples, such as stools, blood etc. Specifically, this high analytical sensitivity enables more accurate and reliable detection (compared with conventional culture methods) of microorganisms migrating in the blood, bacteremia, in patients with different diseases such as pediatric patients with febrile neutropenia, neonates with clinically diagnosed sepsis, and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus or ischemic stroke. Such detection of bacteremia during gastrointestinal surgery can also be particularly effective for preventing postoperative infectious complications. Herein, we review some of the studies corroborating the potential application and clinical significance of YIF-SCAN in diagnosing bacteremia (even at marginable levels) in patients with different diseases.
Effects of Synbiotics to Prevent Postoperative Infectious Complications in Highly Invasive Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Yokoyama Yukihiro , Asahara Takashi , Nomoto Koji , Nagino Masato
Published: September 2017

Postoperative infectious complication (POIC) is one of the most common complications following highly invasive abdominal surgeries, such as hepatectomy, esophagectomy, and pancreatoduodenectomy. The surgical stress temporarily deteriorates the intestinal microenvironment, and the fecal concentrations of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus decrease following highly invasive abdominal surgery. In parallel with these changes, the concentrations of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid also decrease after surgery. In contrast, the fecal concentration of lactic acid increases under this condition because of the deterioration of the metabolism from lactic acid to SCFAs by normal intestinal microflora. Decreased fecal concentration of SCFAs may lead to an impaired intestinal barrier function under stressful condition. Translocation of bacteria from the gut to lymphatic and bloodstream leads to bacteremia and subsequent POICs. The incidence of POICs in patients with unhealthy intestinal microflora before surgery may be more because their intestine is more susceptible to bacterial translocation induced by surgical stress. Therefore, improving the intestinal microenvironment and intestinal barrier function before surgery is crucial to prevent POICs following highly invasive abdominal surgeries. In this regard, the use preoperative synbiotics therapy may be one of the effective ways because it has been shown to improve intestinal microflora, increase fecal SCFAs, prevent bacterial translocation, and reduce the incidence of POICs in several randomized controlled trial in patients undergoing highly invasive abdominal surgeries.
The High Incidence of Bacteremia in Children Undergoing Surgery Can Be Prevented by Bifidobacterium Supplementation
Authors: Okazaki Tadaharu , Yamataka Atsuyuki , Asahara Takashi , Nomoto Koji , Yamashiro Yuichiro
Published: September 2017

Major surgical procedures can alter intestinal microbiota and disrupt the intestinal barrier function, leaving the patient at risk for infection. Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that confer a health benefit on the host when administered in adequate amounts. Although the efficacy of administering probiotics perioperatively to adults has been reported, the clinical significance of probiotics in children undergoing surgery is still unclear. This study provides a brief overview of our randomized controlled trial of preoperative probiotic administration to children, and discusses the relationship between probiotics and their effects in the perioperative period, particularly focusing on bacteremia.
A Patient with Nafcillin-Associated Drug-Induced Liver Failure
Authors: Rao Qin , Schuster Isaiah , Seoud Talal , Zarrabi Kevin , Goolsarran Nirvani
Published: September 2017

Nafcillin-induced acute liver injury is a rare and potentially fatal complication that has been known since the 1960s but inadequately studied. At this time, the only proven treatment is early discontinuation of the drug. Because of the high prevalence of nafcillin class antibiotic use in the United States, it is important for clinicians to have a high clinical suspicion for this diagnosis. We present a case of liver failure attributable to nafcillin use in a 68-year-old male with a history methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus and L3/L4 osteomyelitis. After starting long-term antibiotic therapy, he presented with painless jaundice which necessitated discontinuation of the drug. At the time of presentation, the patient’s lab work exhibited a bilirubin/direct bilirubin of 9.4/8.2 mg/dL, alkaline phosphatase of 311 IU/L, and aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase of 109/127 IU/L. The patient was switched to i.v. vancomycin given the concern for drug-induced liver injury. Imaging did not show obstruction of the hepatobiliary or pancreaticobiliary trees. Serology was unremarkable for viral etiology, autoimmune processes, Wilson disease, and hemochromatosis. A liver biopsy showed findings consistent with drug-induced liver injury. The patient’s liver function tests peaked at day 7 of admission and trended towards normal levels with cessation of nafcillin therapy. The patient was discharged with a diagnosis of nafcillin-induced acute liver injury. Our case highlights the importance of early recognition of the diagnosis and careful monitoring of liver function when nafcillin is employed in the clinical setting.
Early Breast Cancer in the Elderly: Characteristics, Therapy, and Long-Term Outcome
Authors: Gal Omer , Ishai Yael , Sulkes Aaron , Shochat Tzipora , Yerushalmi Rinat
Published: September 2017

Objective: The number of older adults diagnosed with breast cancer is increasing. However, data on breast cancer characteristics, treatment, and survival in elderly women are sparse. Methods: The database of a tertiary cancer center was searched for all women aged ≥65 years who were diagnosed with early breast cancer in 2004-2007. Patients were divided into 2 age groups: 65-75 years and >75 years. Data on tumor, treatment, and outcome parameters were compared. Results: The cohort included 390 patients. The older group underwent more mastectomies but less axillary surgery or adjuvant systemic therapy. Median overall survival (OS) was 9.5 years in the older group and not reached in the younger group; the 8-year disease-free survival rates were 85 and 88%, respectively (p = 0.27). Both age and tumor subtype had an effect on OS and recurrence rates (p < 0.001 for OS; p = 0.16 for recurrence). The worst outcome was noted in women aged >75 years with triple-negative (TN) disease. Conclusion: The treatment approach was different between both age groups, despite similar tumor characteristics. TN subtype presented as the most aggressive disease in both age groups. Physicians should be alert to these findings and select treatment on a case-by-case basis.
Spontaneous Resolution of Post-Traumatic Direct Carotid-Cavernous Fistula
Authors: Naragum Varun , Barest Glenn , AbdalKader Mohamad , Cronk Katharine M. , Nguyen Thanh N.
Published: September 2017

Post-traumatic carotid-cavernous fistulas are due to a tear in the wall of the cavernous carotid artery, leading to shunting of blood into the cavernous sinus. These are generally high-flow fistula and rarely resolve spontaneously. Most cases require endovascular embolization. We report a case of Barrow type A carotid-cavernous fistula which resolved spontaneously.
Effect of Liuweibuqi Capsules in Pulmonary Alveolar Epithelial Cells and COPD Through JAK/STAT Pathway
Authors: Wang Chengyang , Ding Huanzhang , Tang Xiao , Li Zegeng , Gan Lei
Published: September 2017

Background/Aims: To evaluate the effect of Liuweibuqi capsules on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) through the JAK/STAT pathway. Methods: Lung function was measured with a spirometer. Changes in lung histology were observed using H&E staining. Cigarette smoke extract combined with lipopolysaccharide (CSE+LPS) was used to establish the cellular COPD model. Cytokine levels were determined using ELISA, and changes in the JAK/STAT pathway were evaluated using western blotting. The CCK8 method and flow cytometry were used to measure cell viability and apoptosis, respectively. Results: Liuweibuqi capsules reduced the damage in the lung tissues and the loss of lung function in the COPD rats. Additionally, the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, interferon γ (IFNγ), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 were higher, whereas IL-10 was lower in the model control (MC) and CSE+LPS groups than in the normal group. The phosphorylation levels of JAK1, JAK2, STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5 were higher and the levels of SOCS1 and SOCS3 were lower in the MC group and CSE+LPS group compared with the normal group. After Liuweibuqi capsule treatment, the expression of inflammatory cytokines and elements of the JAK/STAT pathway were lower. In addition, over-expression of STAT3 blocked the effects of the Liuweibuqi capsules on the release of inflammatory cytokines, cell viability and apoptosis. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that Liuweibuqi capsule might effectively ameliorate the progression of COPD via the JAK/STAT pathway.
АНАЛІЗ НОРМАТИВНО-ПРАВОВЇ БАЗИ, ЩО РЕГЛАМЕНТУЄ РОБОТУ ПСИХІАТРИЧНОЇ СЛУЖБИ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Lashkul Z. V. , Bibyk I. G.
Published: September 2017

Мета роботи – провести аналіз нормативно-правової бази, що регламентують роботу психіатричної служби України з метою удосконалення надання психіатричної допомоги на первинному рівні ЛЗП/СЛ.Матеріали та методи: матеріалами дослідження стали нормативно-правові акти з питань надання психіатричної допомоги в Україні. Для вивчення та аналізу нормативно-правової бази використано метод контент-аналізу.Результати. Провівши детальний аналіз нормативно-правовї бази психіатричної допомоги України, а також додаткові дослідження, щодо надання медичної допомоги хворим з розладами психіки та поведінки, враховуючи реформування в сфері охорони здоров’я та перехід до ПМСД, з метою удосконалення надання психіатричної допомоги на первинному рівні ЛЗП/СЛ пропонуємо внести деякі зміни до Закону України № 1489-III від 22.02.2000р. «Про психіатричну допомогу».Висновки. Доведено необхідність внесення змін до ст. 11, 12, 27 Закону України «Про психіатричну допомогу» в частині надання законодавчого права проведення психіатричних оглядів, надання психіатричної допомоги ЛЗП/СЛ на первинному рівні.
Avifaunal diversity in the scrub forest of Sri Lankamalleswara Wildlife Sanctuary, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Mali Sumant , Srinivasulu Chelmala , Rahmani Asad R.
Published: September 2017

A total of 115 bird species belonging to 47 families were recorded in the scrub forests of the Sri Lankamalleswara Wildlife Sanctuary, Andhra Pradesh, India in a survey carried out from May 2014 to April 2015.  Of these, 107 species were resident and nine species were resident migrants. The scrub forests of peninsular India are equally important as other habitats for avifaunal assemblages.
A note on three interesting Heteroptera from Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Gaikwad S. M. , Koli Y. J. , Bhawane G. P.
Published: September 2017

A survey of the various localities of the district of Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India, revealed three very interesting species of bugs that have not been recently recorded from Maharashtra State: Cazira verrucosa (Westwood), Alcimocoris sp., and Ptilocerus cf. montandoni Distant.  A brief description and illustrations of habitus of all three species are provided here.
Distribution and habitat use of the endangered Dhole Cuon alpinus (Pallas, 1811) (Mammalia: Canidae) in Jigme Dorji National Park, western Bhutan
Authors: Namgyal Chhimi , Thinley Phuntsho
Published: September 2017

The Dhole is a little-studied wild canid with decreasing populations throughout its global range.  We conducted this study in Bhutan’s Jigme Dorji National Park (JDNP) to establish baseline records of Dhole distribution and habitat use. We used trail transects and recorded animal presence via tracks, scats, direct sightings and camera traps. Ancillary habitat characteristics such as elevation, slope and vegetation cover were recorded to characterise habitat use.  We used MaxEnt model to estimate distribution within JDNP.  We recorded 609 indicators of Dhole presence over a 60-day survey period.  The model estimated almost one-fourth of JDNP as having a high probability of Dhole occurrence, which closely corresponds to the distribution of cool broadleaved forests (CBLF) and areas close to human settlements.  The highest number of indicators was obtained from CBLF, between slope ranges of 2 – 38 degree and elevation ranges of 1,468 m – 4,620 m above sea level, indicating a new record upper altitude limit for Dhole distribution across its global range.  We highlight JDNP as an important Dhole conservation area in the Eastern Himalayas, and recommend drafting a pragmatic conservation plan that will strive to minimize conflicts with livestock owners and include key components such as farmer education and livestock insurance to cover Dhole kills.
The ecology of Harwood’s Francolin Pternistis harwoodi (Aves: Galliformes: Phasianidae) at Merhabete District, central highlands of Ethiopia: implications for conservation
Authors: Abrha Abadi Mehari , Nigus Habtu Kiros
Published: September 2017

This paper investigates the abundance, density and habitat preference of Harwood’s Francolin, and considers threats posed to this species at Merhabete District, Ethiopia. A total of 20 line transects ranging from 0.5–1.2 km, each 150–400 m apart, were placed in four study blocks. Habitat preferences were evaluated by digital elevation model (DEM) analysis and slope. Human pressures were also quantified based on circular plot placements along each line transect. Hence, distance sampling survey was used to count population data. The estimated population size and density were 184±26.46 birds and 43.48±6.25 birds/km2, respectively, with an overall encounter rate of 8.52 birds/km in Jema and Jara valleys. This species mainly preferred dry evergreen scrublands mixed with grassy, rock areas and dispersed acacia woodlands. However, based on stepwise regression model, the main threats to this species were burning, cutting, firewood collection and grazing. Generally, only cutting and firewood collection were the most important predictors that affected the focal species. This finding could be used to plan conservation of the species with the joint contribution of scientists, government and local communities.
An ethnomycological survey of Jaunsar, Chakrata, Dehradun, India
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Harsh N.S.K. , Prasad Rajendra , Pandey Vijay Vardhan
Published: September 2017

The indigenous people in Chakrata have an immense knowledge of edible and poisonous mushrooms.  In the present study the use of mushroom in culinary practices was surveyed among three communities, viz., the natives: Brahmins, Kshatriyas and Scheduled Caste; and Nepali immigrants.  The Brahmins & Kshatriyas showed a narrow range of consumption of mushrooms while the Nepalis showed the widest range of consumption.  Medicinal and religious uses were reported by the scheduled caste.  A total of 63 mushrooms were recorded from the study area.  The knowledge of edible as well as medicinal uses of fungi is at risk in this region as the younger generation is not willing to learn this traditional knowledge.  In the present study most of the youths were excluded at the end as they did not gave much information.
Sightings of the Great White Pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus (Linn. 1758) (Aves: Pelicaniformes: Pelicanidae) in Pallikaranai Marshlands, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Thirunaranan Kannan , Jayakumar Samidurai , Sivaraman Sankaranathan , Babu Santhanakrishnan
Published: September 2017

Great White Pelican is recorded for the first time in Pallikaranai Marsh Land, Tamil Nadu, India. As this species is recorded in other parts southern india, a brief sightings records of the is described.
On the poorly-known White-spotted Skink Lygosoma albopunctatum (Gray, 1846) (Reptilia: Scincidae) with further topotypical records and notes on the type locality
Authors: Ganesh S. R.
Published: September 2017

The White-spotted Skink Lygosoma albopunctatum, a rarely recorded lizard, has been re-sighted from its type locality: Madras in the Coromandel Coastal Plains.  Morphological details and field notes on the findings are elaborated.  Since many past surveys in and around Madras, and in southern India generally, did not record this species, lack of consensus about its existence in southern India had developed, leading to published misconceptions about its distribution.  These are highlighted and corrected herein.  The species is also illustrated in life based on topotypical examples.
First record and genetic affiliation of the Balkan Snow Vole Dinaromys bogdanovi (Rodentia: Cricetidae) in Albania
Authors: Stolarik Ivan , Jablonski Daniel
Published: September 2017

One individual of the rare rodent Dinaromys bogdanovi (Martino, 1922) was trapped in Prokletije Mountains, northern Albania.  This is the first record of this species in Albania, and morphological data and genetic affiliation are presented.  Analysis of mitochondrial DNA (cytochrome b) places this individual within the reported central phylogenetic lineage of the species.  This first record has impacts for future conservation activities.
Response to article on Adventitious rooting of mature Cycas micronesica
Authors: Ramanan S. Suresh
Published: September 2017

Response to article on Adventitious rooting of mature Cycas micronesica
Very similar, but not identical: morphological taxonomic identification to improve the resolution of fine-scale distribution of Zootoca (vivipara) carniolica
Authors: Rodriguez-Prieto Ana , Giovine Giovanni , Laddaga Lorenzo , Ghielmi Samuele , Cornetti Luca
Published: September 2017

Improving the knowledge about the distribution of threatened species is a fundamental step forward for implementing effective measures for species conservation. Distribution maps of herpetological species are often inferred from morphological identification but, in some cases, morphology alone is not reliable for assessing the distribution of look-alike species. The common lizardZootoca viviparaincludes several lineages which, to date, cannot be distinguished by any conventional morphological traits. Therefore, a reliable taxonomic identification for the mainZootocalineages is only feasible with genetic data. In this study, we identify a morphological trait that can be used to distinguish individuals of the parapatricZ. v. viviparaandZ. carniolica, without the support of molecular analyses. This method may provide a cost-effective tool to better depict the distribution of the threatenedZ. carniolicaand therefore prioritize the conservation of the locations where the oviparous Alpine lineage is found.