bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Restoration applications of resource objective wildfires in western US forests: a status of knowledge review
Authors: Huffman David W. , Roccaforte John Paul , Springer Judith D. , Crouse Joseph E.
Published: July 2020

Background

Frequent-fire forests of the western United States have undergone remarkable changes in structure, composition, and function due to historical exclusion of naturally occurring fire. Mechanized tree thinning to reduce forest density and fuel loads tends to be expensive and cannot be effectively implemented across all lands, and there is increasing interest in managing naturally ignited wildfires for meeting forest restoration objectives. To investigate general effectiveness of resource objective (RO) wildfires for restoring frequent-fire and associated forests of the western United States, we conducted a review of the related peer-reviewed literature.

Results

Formal analysis of ecological responses to RO fires is relatively recent, and 21 of the 37 papers (57%) we reviewed were published between the years 2010 and 2018. We found 17 studies that investigated RO fire outcomes in Sierra Nevada forests, while other ecoregions that were represented in the literature included Arizona–New Mexico Mountains, Middle Rockies–Blue Mountains, and the Colorado Plateau. Yosemite National Park was utilized in 14 of the studies we reviewed. We noted several ecoregions where frequent-fire forests occur, but for which published studies on RO fires are lacking. The main focus of research (14 studies) was related to RO fire effects on forest structure, and next in importance was research (12 studies) related to fire severity, extent, and type, with studies of understory vegetation responses and landscape-scale patterns or dynamics also prevalent. Research findings indicated that RO fires were effective for reducing tree density and fire behavior; however, densities often remained above known historical ranges of variation in several studies. Understory responses reported in the literature were mixed with respect to effects on abundance and species richness. Increases in invasive species abundance in areas of high burn severity were consistently reported. Research on landscape patterns indicated that RO fires can increase heterogeneity with respect to vegetation distribution.

Conclusion

RO fires can be generally effective for restoration of frequent-fire forests, particularly on landscapes with long histories of fire use and in areas of moderate burn severity. More research is needed to test fire outcomes against specific restoration targets, and additional studies are needed concerning important ecological processes and functions.
Considering the role of urban types in coproduced policy guidance for sustainability transitions
Authors: Tabory Samuel , Ramaswami Anu
Published: July 2020

The imperative to massively and quickly scale sustainability transitions in urban areas globally stands in tension with the sustained commitments required of grounded coproduction efforts that seek to deliver locally credible, relevant, and legitimate pathways for place-specific transitions. Is it possible to develop policy guidance that meets the magnitude of the urban transitions challenge while still leveraging the benefits of coproduction? We suggest that coproducing urban transitions guidance around relevant types of cities, as compared to specific individual cities, offers a potential pathway for scaling the impact of such guidance. However, little work has been done to explicitly interrogate how concepts of credibility, relevance and legitimacy are implicated by relying on urban types in coproduction processes. In this frontiers discussion, we describe what greater emphasis on the use of types and proxies in urban transitions coproduction might entail. Elaborating the concept of ‘coproduction-by-proxy’, we articulate six key premises and draw on two real-world instances of science-policy dialogue to illustrate its operative features. This frontiers discussion aims to supply more structured language for framing debate about whether, and how best, to strategically construct and deploy urban types in coproduction processes for developing urban transitions guidance, with an emphasis on maximizing generalization and impact, while maintaining both technical and political credibility. The discussion argues that exploring the role (and limits) of urban types and proxies in coproduction processes is a key frontier for the iterative science and practice of urban transitions, with implications for advancing both overall urban systems knowledge and place-specific sustainability transitions.
Zebrafish shares common metabolic pathways with mammalian olanzapine-induced obesity
Authors: Khanal Pukar , Patil B. M. , Unger Banappa. S.
Published: July 2020

Background

Olanzapine is one of the most prescribed antipsychotic agents in the pharmacotherapy of psychiatric illness; however, it is associated with multiple side effects primarily obesity. Multiple investigations have been made to model the olanzapine-induced obesity in rodent models which was found to be dose-dependent, gender-dependent, and species-dependent. Danio rerio is a choice of an animal model to understand the pathogenesis of multiple diseases. The present study dealt to understand the olanzapine-associated obesity in zebrafish using in silico and wet-lab experimental protocols by performing gene set enrichment analysis, phylogeny comparison of receptors, and assessing the effect of olanzapine on metabolic rate, lipid metabolism, body weight, and food intake in zebrafish.

Results

The metabolic pathway was predicted to be majorly modulated by olanzapine in human, rat, mouse, and zebrafish. A clade of receptors of rat, mouse, and human receptor for feeding and satiety center was found similar to zebrafish. The decrease in lipid metabolism was observed in zebrafish larvae if exposed to olanzapine solution. Similarly, there was a significant decrease in metabolic rate in 200 μM and 400 μM concentration of olanzapine.

Conclusion

Enrichment analysis predicted the probable modulation of metabolic pathways in zebrafish if exposed to olanzapine. Further, olanzapine was identified to play a prime role in decreasing lipid metabolism and metabolic rate and increasing food intake and weight gain in zebrafish which suggests the validation of this model for olanzapine-induced obesity.
Controlling Anesthesia Hardware With Simple Hand Gestures: Thumbs Up or Thumbs Down?
Authors: Owens Gwen E. , Connor Christopher W.
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND:

Modern consumer electronic devices and automobiles are often controlled by interfaces that sense physical gestures and spoken commands. In contrast, patient monitors and anesthesia devices are typically equipped with panel-mounted buttons, dials, and keyboards. The increased use of noncontact gesture-based interfaces in anesthesia may improve patient safety through more intuitive and prompter control of equipment and also through reduced rates of surface contamination. A novel gesture-based controller was designed and retrofitted to a standard GE Solar 8000M patient monitor. This type of technical innovation is rare, due to closely held proprietary input control systems on commercially produced clinical equipment. Nevertheless, we hypothesized that anesthesiologists would find a contactless gesture interface straightforward to use.

METHODS:

A gesture-based interface system was developed to control a Solar 8000M patient monitor using a millimeter-wave radar sensor. The system was programmed to detect noncontact “rotate” and “press” gestures to control the patient monitor by implementing a virtual trim knob for interface control. Fifty anesthesiologists tested a prototype interface and evaluated usability by completing a short questionnaire incorporating modified Likert scales. These evaluations were performed in a nonpatient care environment so that respondents were not adversely task loaded during assessment, also allaying any ethical or safety concerns regarding use of this novel interface for patient management.

RESULTS:

Anesthesia hardware was controlled reliably with 2 distinct gestures above the gesture sensor. The gesture-based interface generally was well received by anesthesiologists (8.09; confidence interval, 8.06–8.12 on a 10-point scale), who preferred the simpler “press” gesture to the “rotate” gesture (8.45; 8.39–8.51 vs 7.73; 7.67–7.79 on a 10-point scale; P = .005). The correlation between the preference scores for the 2 gestures from each anesthesiologist was strong (Pearson r = 0.49; 0.25–0.68; P < .001). Advancing level of training (resident, fellow, attending 1–10 years, attending >10 years) was not correlated with preference scores for either gesture (Spearman ρ = −0.02; −0.30 to 0.26; P = .87 for “press” and Spearman ρ = 0.08; −0.20 to 0.35; P = .58 for “rotate”).

CONCLUSIONS:

The use of gesture sensing for controlling anesthesia equipment was well received by a cohort of anesthesiologists. Even though the simpler “press” gesture was preferred over the “rotate” gesture, the intrarespondent correlation indicates that the preference for gestures as a whole is the stronger effect. No adverse relationship was found between acceptability and anesthesia experience level. Gesture sensing is a promising new area to simplify and improve the interaction between the anesthesiologist and the anesthesia workstation.
Case Report: Acute effect of benralizumab on asthma exacerbation without concomitant corticosteroid use
Authors: Nolasco Santi , Campisi Raffaele , Intravaia Rossella , Porto Morena , Pelaia Corrado , Crimi Nunzio , Crimi Claudia
Published: July 2020

Background: Monoclonal antibodies are a relatively new therapeutic option for patients with severe refractory asthma, which can be used as an add-on to maintenance therapy, reducing the need for systemic corticosteroid usage, improving asthma symptom control and reducing exacerbations. We report a case of a patient with severe refractory eosinophilic asthma, reluctant to take systemic steroids, who was successfully treated with benralizumab alone during an acute asthma attack.

Case presentation: A 59-year-old Caucasian woman with a history of allergic asthma since childhood showed a progressive decline in lung function with difficult to control symptoms and an increased number of hospitalizations despite maximal maintenance treatment, and was diagnosed with severe refractory asthma. She was reluctant to take systemic corticosteroids during exacerbations due to severe urinary retention; therefore, she started omalizumab with a partial reduction of symptoms and exacerbations over time. During a follow-up visit, she showed signs of acute exacerbation and she was switched to benralizumab during her acute phase with a rapid, dramatic amelioration of respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function, without concomitant systemic corticosteroid administration. During the treatment and at follow-up after one month, good tolerance and no side effects were observed.

Conclusions: The use of benralizumab seems to be feasible, rapid, and safe in treating acute exacerbation of severe eosinophilic asthma without the use of systemic corticosteroids.
Mobile Money and Mobile Technologies: A Structural Estimation
Authors: Dong Yan , Song Sining , Venkataraman Sriram , Yao Yuliang
Published: July 2020

Mobile money is a service bundled with mobile technology and a social good that promotes financial inclusion for the under-served populations. Although the effect of mobile money has been examined in the past, we look at the supply side effects as it is important for managers to understand the role of mobile money in both providing social good and making a profit. From 1G to 4G mobile technologies, mobile money consistently serves as a competitive advantage for mobile network operators (MNOs). However, this does not mean that the effect stays unchanged over the generations of mobile technology. Instead, when the 3G technology allows web browsing as a major upgrade of mobile functionality, MNOs with mobile money have a substantially larger set of options to differentiate from those without mobile money; and as a result, mobile money implemented with 3G and 4G leads to larger market shares than that with 1G and 2G.
LINGUAGENS DA FAVELA: DIÁLOGO COM UM INCOMODADO SOCIAL
Authors: Motta Ferreira Gisele
Published: July 2020

Reproduzimos um diálogo registrado entre Waldemir, fotógrafo, comunicador comunitário, articulador cultural e, antes de tudo, um Incomodado Social, como ele se auto-declara; e XXXX, jornalista, mestre em comunicação e educadora midiática popular. Uma conversa cujo mote foi: como a favela se comunica? Tanto de dentro para dentro, quanto de dentro para fora? E como a comunicação chega, de fora para dentro? Realizada na comunidade da Vila Aliança, em Bangu, Zona Oeste do Rio de Janeiro, começamos a refletir: há particularidades na forma que as pessoas se comunicam entre si aqui neste território? Como se comunicam fora daqui? Quais aspectos da comunicação consideramos e são considerados hegemonicamente? Os ditos e não ditos, os tabus e as interdições (FOUCAULT, 2011)? O corpo como expressão e fala (FURLAN, 2003; NÓBREGA, 2000; HACKNEY, 1988)? Os discursos oficiais, altos, clássicos e os discursos transgressores, marginais, de baixo (STALLYBRASS e WHITE, 1989; BAKHTIN, 1993)? Os dialetos, as gírias, a moda? Tudo fala…
Detection of cerebral tauopathy in P301L mice using high-resolution large-field multifocal illumination fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Ni Ruiqing , Chen Zhenyue , Gerez Juan A. , Shi Gloria , Zhou Quanyu , Riek Roland , Nilsson K. Peter R. , Razansky Daniel , Klohs Jan
Published: July 2020

Current intravital microscopy techniques visualize tauopathy with high-resolution, but have a small field-of-view and depth-of-focus. Herein, we report a transcranial detection of tauopathy over the entire cortex of P301L tauopathy mice using large-field multifocal illumination (LMI) fluorescence microscopy technique and luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes. In vitro assays revealed that fluorescent ligand h-FTAA is optimal for in vivo tau imaging, which was confirmed by observing elevated probe retention in the cortex of P301L mice compared to non-transgenic littermates. Immunohistochemical staining further verified the specificity of h-FTAA to detect tauopathy in P301L mice. The new imaging platform can be leveraged in pre-clinical mechanistic studies of tau spreading and clearance as well as longitudinal monitoring of tau targeting therapeutics.
Unsupervised clustering of multiparametric fluorescent images extends the spectrum of detectable cell membrane phases with sub-micrometric resolution
Authors: Bianchetti Giada , Spirito Marco De , Maulucci Giuseppe
Published: July 2020

Solvatochromic probes undergo an emission shift when the hydration
level of the membrane environment increases and are commonly used to
distinguish between solid-ordered and liquid-disordered phases in
artificial membrane bilayers. This emission shift is currently limited
in unraveling the broad spectrum of membrane phases of natural cell
membranes and their spatial organization. Spectrally resolved
fluorescence lifetime imaging can provide pixel-resolved
multiparametric information about the biophysical state of the
membranes, like membrane hydration, microviscosity and the partition
coefficient of the probe. Here, we introduce a clustering based
analysis that, leveraging the multiparametric content of spectrally
resolved lifetime images, allows us to classify through an
unsupervised learning approach multiple membrane phases with
sub-micrometric resolution. This method extends the spectrum of
detectable membrane phases allowing to dissect and characterize up to
six different phases, and to study real-time phase transitions in
cultured cells and tissues undergoing different treatments. We applied
this method to investigate membrane remodeling induced by high glucose
on PC-12 neuronal cells, associated with the development of diabetic
neuropathy. Due to its wide applicability, this method provides a new
paradigm in the analysis of environmentally sensitive fluorescent
probes.
Size-dependent nonlinear optical absorption in SnO2 quantum dots
Authors: Sheikh Shujala Parveen , Reddy V. R. , Sen Pratima
Published: July 2020

Using a Z-scan technique, we report size-dependent changeover from reverse saturable absorption to saturable nonlinear optical absorption properties of as-deposited and annealed stannic oxide semiconductor quantum dot thin films, prepared by a sol-gel technique on a quartz substrate. The average size of quantum dots, as obtained from grazing incident x-ray diffraction, was found to be in the range of the exciton Bohr radius. Atomic force microscopy data confirmed the spherical shape of quantum dots. The UV-Vis data of the films displayed bandgap enhancement due to the combined effect of Coulombic and confinement potentials. A density matrix analysis was conducted to obtain the transition energy-dependent nonlinear optical absorption coefficient in the

cw

excitation regime. We found a qualitative agreement between the experimental observations and theoretical calculations.
Inventario para el desarrollo de prácticas colaborativas en Trabajo Social con Familias en situación de especial dificultad. Análisis factorial exploratorio
Authors: Casado de Staritzky Tatiana , Cardona Cardona Josefa
Published: July 2020

Introducción. Se presenta un instrumento que recoge diferentes posturas relacionales, habilidades y actitudes relacionadas con las prácticas colaborativas, que los/las trabajadores/as sociales pueden poner en práctica en el proceso de intervención con familias en situación de especial dificultad. Metodología. A partir del nivel de importancia otorgado a cada criterio del inventario (muestra de 121 trabajadores/as sociales), se realiza un análisis factorial exploratorio. Resultados. El análisis factorial de componentes principales de seis factores explica el 46.88% de la varianza total acumulada. Se obtiene la consistencia interna mediante el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. Discusión. El inventario contiene criterios de intervención que han demostrado su eficacia en otras investigaciones, y los análisis demuestran la confiabilidad y validez del instrumento presentado. Conclusiones. Los resultados muestran que este instrumento puede ser una opción para medir el nivel de valoración que otorgan los/as profesionales al enfoque colaborativo con familias en situación de especial dificultad.
Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees & T. Nees) Blume and Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr. extract combination ameliorate lipid profile and heart oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic mice
Authors: Susilowati Retno , Setiawan Abdul Malik
Published: July 2020

Background and Aim: Hyperlipidemia is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The use of statins has adverse side effects that result in oxidative stress disorders. The objective of this study was to investigate the antihyperlipidemic effect of a combination of Cinnamomum burmannii and Eleutherine palmifolia extract in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemia mice.

Materials and Methods: Mice were divided into eight groups (n=4): Control group or healthy mice (normal), HFD-induced hyperlipidemic mice without any treatment (CE0), HFD-induced hyperlipidemic mice treated with 3.6 mg/kg body weight (BW) atorvastatin (atorvastatin), and HFD-induced hyperlipidemic mice treated with a combination of C. burmannii and E. palmifolia in the following ratios: 300:0 (C300), 225:75 (C225), 150:150 (CE150), 75:225 (E225), and 0:300 (E300). Mice were fed a HFD for 4 months to induce hyperlipidemia. Total cholesterol, cholesterol oxidase-peroxidase aminophenazone (CHOD-PAP), triglyceride-glycerine, and fat serum were analyzed with colorimetric method. The measurement of superoxide dismutase was done with the xanthine oxidase method and malondialdehyde measurement was done with the thiobarbituric acid method.

Results: Results showed an increase in antihyperlipidemic characteristics as the concentration of E. palmifolia extract (p<0.05) increased. Duncan's multiple range test also showed an increase in anti-stress oxidation as the concentration of C. burmannii extract (p<0.05) increased.

Conclusion: The E225 group showed the most potential as a safe, antihyperlipidemic agent characterized by improvement in lipid profile and antioxidant balance.
Role of Antinuclear Antibodies in Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Authors: Levy Cynthia , Bowlus Christopher L.
Published: July 2020

The identification of antinuclear antibodies specific for primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) has facilitated diagnosis in antimitochondrial antibody-negative individuals. Their presence may also have prognostic implication. In this edition of The American Journal of Gastroenterology, Reig et al. evaluate the frequency of PBC-specific antinuclear antibodies, their natural course and association with outcomes in 254 patients with PBC. Antibodies remained stable over time, and presence of antihexokinase1 and anti-sp100 was associated with shorter survival. Clinicians can request testing for PBC-specific antinuclear antibodies to minimize need for liver biopsy, but further research is needed to understand their role in disease prognostication.
Uma análise empírica do modelo de gestão praticado em Unidade de Conservação de Uso Sustentável
Authors: Soares Letyssia Maynarth de Oliveira , Miranda George Emmanuel Cavalcanti de , Mourão José da Silva
Published: July 2020

O sucesso das unidades de conservação (UC) depende do tipo de governança praticada e do estabelecimento dos instrumentos de gestão ambiental. A gestão das unidades de conservação no Brasil deve ser de cunho participativo e compartilhado, no entanto seu exercício vem se mostrando um desafio para os órgãos ambientais. Assim, este artigo teve por objetivo geral apresentar a percepção dos representantes do conselho gestor sobre o modelo de gestão praticado na Área de Relevante Interesse Ecológico (ARIE) Manguezais da Foz do Rio Mamanguape/PB e da Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) da Barra do Rio Mamanguape/PB. Por ser uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, optou-se pela utilização de métodos de observação participante e entrevista semi-estruturada. Os sujeitos da pesquisa são os representantes do conselho consultivo da APA/ARIE Manguezais da Foz Mamanguape. Os resultados revelaram uma gestão participativa, embora o conselho seja caracterizado como imaturo, sem identidade, desorganizado e, por vezes, egocêntrico, resultado da baixa participação e coesão do grupo. Dentre outros fatores que impedem o exercício da gestão participativa e compartilhada nas UC, a análise demonstrou a baixa participação dos conselheiros nas reuniões e assembléias, o comportamento centralizador por parte dos representantes do ICMBIO, assim como múltiplos interesses e relações de poder existentes no grupo.
The Serena Show
Authors: Wilks Lauren E.
Published: July 2020

Through the lens of women's tennis legend Serena Williams, this article examines the roles of masculinization and feminization as they relate to Black womanhood in sport. Over the course of much of her career, Williams was characterized as “aggressive,” someone who “bludgeoned her way” to success. But after the 2016 and 2017 announcements of her engagement and pregnancy, respectively, media characterizations shifted toward narratives traditionally aligned with femininity. Throughout, media discussion of Williams has been rooted in surveillance of her body, behavior, and closest relationships. Using feminist critical discourse analysis, this article argues that the noted shift in characterization was linked to Williams's strategic performance of docility and engagement with respectability politics, tied closely to her 2015 return to the Indian Wells Masters tennis tournament as well as her adoption of the traditionally feminized roles of wife and mother.
Performing Black Subjectivity
Authors: Jordan P. Kimberleigh
Published: July 2020

This article analyzes Black feminist performance through two recently released live performance films. Set a generation apart, Amazing Grace (recorded 1972, released 2018), featuring Aretha Franklin, and Homecoming (2019), featuring Beyoncé, are artful and personal—both inspired by Black culture and the artists' personal histories, and offer virtuoso performances. The article operates in three modes: scholarly, personal, and remembered. The scholarship draws on the work of Hortense Spillers, bell hooks, Daphne Brooks, and others, while the personal and remembered portions consider significant sites of feminist formation that have shaped the author's perceptions and analyses of Black feminist performance in the present. These, along with close readings of the films, tap into Black women's ways of knowing and performing subjectivity.
Revisión taxonómica de Dalea (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) en Colombia
Authors: Piñeros-U Liseth Paola , González Favio
Published: July 2020

Dalea es el único género de la tribu Amorpheae (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) presente en Colombia. El género comprende 172 especies, de las cuales cinco se encuentran en bosques y matorrales secos del país. Se presenta el tratamiento taxonómico de Dalea para la flora de Colombia, realizado a partir de trabajo de herbario, de campo y de laboratorio. Se incluye una clave de identificación, seguida de las descripciones y notas relacionadas con el hábitat y la distribución geográfica de todas las especies. A la vez, se reevalúan los caracteres diagnósticos de D. cuatrecasasii, y se designa un neótipo para D. coerulea.
O tempo e a música: uma proposta de abordagem da obra Quatro Quartetos, de T.S. Eliot
Authors: Gremski João Felipe
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo propor uma análise da obra Quatro Quartetos, do americano T. S. Eliot, a partir de um viés alternativo: a teoria da relatividade de Albert Einstein e a música, tendo como elemento unificador a questão do tempo. Se Einstein mudou os paradigmas da física ao propor que o tempo é uma grandeza relativa, e não absoluta, o axioma de um tempo estritamente linear, presente-passado-futuro, deixou de ser ponto passivo no mundo científico e a noção de ‘viagem no tempo’ passou a ser uma possibilidade. O presente artigo estabelece uma ponte entre tal raciocínio e o poema Quatro Quartetos a partir da noção de eterno tempo presente, tão cara à voz enunciadora do poema, demonstrando que tal ideal pode ser alcançado pela palavra poética através de um estado de sinergia entre os tempos passado, presente e futuro.
The stranger in Luandino Vieira’s literary writing: an analysis of the book O livro dos rios
Authors: Saraiva Silva Junia Paula
Published: July 2020

This article refers to the book O livro dos Rios by the Angolan writer José Luandino Vieira, published in 2006. The novel tells the story of Kapapa, who became Kene Vua during the guerrilla war and is again Kapapa. The character narrator recounts his memories of traumas and war from his childhood to adulthood, through the course of the waters of the Angolan rivers, which become secondary charactersof history. In addition, the individual memories of the character intertwine with the collective memories of his country. The storyteller’s way of telling, through the water metaphor and the recreated language, fits the narrative of the novel into the aesthetic of the stranger proposed by Sigmund Freud, in his work The Stranger, when referring to a new way of thinking aesthetics. The waters participate in the narration of the novel. The character narrator blends languages and uses neologisms to tellabout the unspeakable experience of war and violence. The research proposes to analyze the elements within the scope of the stranger present in the book The bookof rivers, studying the narrative and the form of account of the narrator.
A literatura e a música quando do “fim da canção” em Chico Buarque: uma comparação entre sistemas, tradições e sentidos
Authors: Breda Fernando Cambauva
Published: July 2020

Em uma entrevista realizada em 2004, Chico Buarque pontuou uma certa agonia da forma canção no Brasil por conta da emergência do rap no cenário musical. Na visão do artista, menos do que a impossibilidade de se fazer canções, o que estaria em jogo seria o declínio de uma certa forma de sociabilidade brasileira que estaria no seio da formação do sistema cancional brasileiro. É intenção deste trabalho pensar o manejo que Chico Buarque procura mobilizar do sistema cancional brasileiro, bem como as saídas que procura elaborar na literatura. Nesse sentido, o que é posto em discussão são as especificidades que a tradição brasileira da canção ofereceria para lidar com a matéria histórica brasileira quando comparada com as possibilidades oferecidas pelo sistema literário local. Para tanto, procuraremos analisar tais sistemas (e suas respectivas possibilidades) por meio da fortuna crítica interessada em debater suas respectivas especificidades históricas, bem como pelas perspectivas que Chico Buarque levantou na entrevista de 2004 e em outros momentos.
THE WAY TO DETERMINE THE APPROXIMATELY HAIL'S DIMENSIONS
Authors: Ilie Nicolae , Apostol Liviu , Axinte Aurel Danut
Published: July 2020

To determine those storms associated with the convective clouds is necessary a good knowledge of the vertical profile of the troposphere. To determine this parameter, it's essential to make the Skew-T diagrams. From these, we can extract useful information relating to the level of free convection (LFC), the equilibrium level (EL), and the maximum speed of the updraft. The parameter brought in the discussion is handy to hail's forecast. Therefore, based on this parameter, of the ascendant airflow flux, it can determine the dimension of the hail. Besides to determine the hail's sizes, from Skew-T diagram we can find other parameters, such as the Total Totals Index (TTI), this being useful to decide on the coverage rate of the storms, the K Index (KI) - helpful in the case of convections who occur in the same air-mass. The Skew-T diagrams are useful to determine the conductor flux's speed and direction; this is situated between 700 to 500 hPa geopotential heights. Noteworthy are the synoptically materials, by analyzing the way of disposing of the isobars who can be a good indicator of the severity of the storm. Also, the synoptically materials examine at the 500 hPa, 300 hPa, and 200 hPa geopotential to notice if occur the 'cut-off low' areas in the high troposphere. To see if a cloud system is dangerous of hail will be following the cloud's top temperature.
ENVIRONMENTAL PERCEPTION OF YOUNG URBAN PLANNERS AFTER AN ECOLOGY COURSE: THE SURPRISE OF A TOTAL DISAGREEMENT
Authors: Petrisor Liliana Elza , Petrisor Alexandru-Ionut
Published: July 2020

A vast number of studies showed that the environmental perception, essential for a change of the mindset required for diminishing the global changes, can be modeled by education and media. Education appears to be a predictor of the general attitude towards the environment, but in special for the perception of issues specific to the urban environment. This study used a didactic exercise to test whether the importance of environmental issues is agreed upon the course. The findings were surprising; on the one hand, environmental issues were always considered a downside of the urban environment, but on the opposite side, their importance always disagreed. The results suggest that young urban planners are not as receptive to the environmental issues, and most likely have a different system of values, which explains the lack of environmental concern in the contemporary Romanian cities.
Mortierella verticillata Linnem. (Mortierellomycota, Mortierellales) isolated from mountainous environments: a first report from South America
Authors: Gonçalves Camila Melo , de Oliveira Rafael José Vilela , Silva Rejane Maria Ferreira da , Souza Carlos Alberto Fragoso de , Lima Diogo Xavier , Silva Gladstone Alves da
Published: July 2020

During a study on filamentous fungi in the soil of mountainous environments in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, one specimen of Mortierella verticillata Linnem. was isolated. Fungal identity was confirmed by morphology and ITS rDNA sequence analysis. This study reports the first occurrence of M. verticillata in South America. This species is distinguished by its monopodial sporangiophores growing on aerial hyphae of verticillate branches, and single-spored sporangia finely ornamented with a diffluent wall. In this manuscript, the specimen is described and illustrated, and the distribution of this species is discussed.
Implications of Implant Framework Misfit: An Animal Study on an Ovine Model
Authors: Abduo Jaafar , Judge Roy
Published: July 2020

Although clinicians routinely aim to provide a prosthesis with an accurate fit on implants, a degree of prosthesis misfit is inevitable. This exploratory pilot animal study evaluated the effects of framework vertical misfit and the timing of implant loading on implant position and screw loosening. Four implants were placed in healed ridges of each side of mandibles of 3 sheep. On the right side, 2 immediate frameworks were placed after 2 days. One framework was fitting, and the other one had a vertical gap of 0.5 mm on the distal implant. After 8 weeks (first review), the left side received 2 conventional frameworks with similar fit conditions to the right side. All animals were euthanized after 8 weeks (second review). At the first and second reviews, implant-level impressions were taken to measure the vertical displacement of distal implants, and the loosening torque values of the retaining screws were measured. The loosening torque values for the immediate fitting frameworks were considerably greater than the immediate misfitting frameworks. This was noticeable at the first review. At the second review, the loosening torque values were comparable to the immediate fitting and misfitting frameworks. Vertical implant displacement was observed for all misfitting frameworks. However, much greater implant displacement occurred under the immediate frameworks. Therefore, implant frameworks with vertical misfit in the present study were associated with less screw stability and more implant displacement. Retightening the retaining screws during the maturation of bone seemed to maintain the torque values.
The effectiveness of surgical simulation in orthopaedic teaching and training: A literature review
Authors: Kyriacou Steven
Published: July 2020

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. IntroductionChanges in the way health care is delivered coupled with the advances in orthopaedic surgical techniques entails it has become more difficult for surgical trainees to develop the operative skills required within their training programme. One strategy to address this gaining increasing interest over recent years is the incorporation of simulation training within orthopaedic training programmes. The aim of this paper is to identify and review the literature which currently exists regarding the effectiveness of surgical simulation in orthopaedic teaching and training.MethodsAn electronic search of the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library Databases was conducted from inception to February 27 2020. To identify studies exploring the effectiveness of simulation in orthopaedic teaching and training, the following key words were searched for: simulation, simulator, orthopaedic, training, teaching and trainer. This database search was supplemented by a search of the reference lists of included studies and the related articles function offered by each database.ResultsThere is evidence in the published literature to support the effectiveness of surgical simulation in orthopaedic teaching and training. Face validity, construct validity, concurrent validity and transfer validity have all been reported to varying degrees. There is currently a great deal of variation amongst published studies in terms of the outcome scores and measurements used to evaluate the effectiveness of various simulators making direct comparison between studies difficult.ConclusionOverall, there are a sufficient number of encouraging initial reports to suggest simulator training may potentially be a valuable tool for training future generations of orthopaedic surgeons. Significant work is still required however to definitively validate their use. Additional research is also needed to assess trainee and educator satisfaction with simulators, their cost effectiveness and their role within the higher surgical orthopaedic curriculum. At present, this essential data is still lacking.
Maternity, science and pandemic: an urgent call for action!
Authors: Caruzo Maria Beatriz Rossi , Ramalho Manuela de Oliveira , Philipp Juliana , Bragagnolo Cibele
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT Historically, women have been subjected to the rules of patriarchal society and the unfair assignments of a sexual division of labor. A female transition from the household to join the workforce did not come with equal division of labor at home, which has been occurring recently on a small scale. In the field of Science, women have always had to face the prejudices and the misogyny of this patriarchal society. Therefore, female academic success is disproportionate to their male counterparts. Having children also plays a significant role in the declining numbers of women in advanced scientific careers and it is clear that the inequalities in the conditions of broad development of the academic career result in an overlap of weaknesses imposed specially on the career of the mother-scientists. Many scientists have had to change their routine and working relationships in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and are adapting to this new reality of remote work. Meanwhile, mother-scientists, especially with young children, are facing challenging situations. In recent years, women have been reaching collective actions to address and resolve injustices in the field of science and we cannot allow this pandemic to pull us into irreparable setbacks. Here we bring to light problems that mother-scientists are facing during the COVID-19 pandemic and call attention to the losses that will occur if we do not take an urgent action.
A Multidisciplinary Approach for Patients with Preexisting Lung Diseases and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Toxicities
Authors: Naidoo Jarushka , Suresh Karthik
Published: July 2020

This commentary outlines the strategy employed by a multidisciplinary immune-related toxicity team to evaluate patients who may be at high risk for the development of immune-related toxicity, in particular, those with preexisting lung conditions and subsequent immune-related pneumonitis.
Predicting demand for a bike-sharing system with station activity based on random forest
Authors: Seo Young-Hyun , Yoon Sangwon , Kim Dong-Kyu , Kho Seung-Young , Hwang Jaemin
Published: July 2020

Public bike-sharing (PBS) systems have expanded to major cities around the world in efforts to mitigate air pollution, traffic congestion and traffic accidents. Users can pickup and drop-off bicycles at any station, and thus inventory imbalances can occur. To improve system efficiency, system operators should establish appropriate repositioning strategies based on accurate predictions of demand for bicycles. This study aims to predict station-level demand for pickup and drop-off of bicycles using station activity information. In addition to time and weather information, the number of pickups and drop-offs at a station 1–3 h before the prediction was used as a predictor. A random forest machine learning technique is adopted for the demand prediction. The PBS database in Seoul, South Korea was used for the case study. To compare prediction accuracy by station usage patterns, the stations are classified into four clusters. The analysis results show that prediction accuracy including lag information provides mprovements of up to 20%, and the forecast for drop-off is more accurate than the forecast for pickup. This study practically contributes to increasing operational efficiency and reducing operating costs by improving demand predictability in a PBS system.
Inundações urbanas: um olhar para o planejamento urbano na revisão do plano diretor de Assú – RN, Brasil
Authors: Frutuoso Gilciane Kariny da Costa , Grigio Alfredo Marcelo , Neta Barros Terezinha Cabral de Albuquerque
Published: July 2020

A cidade de Assú/RN, com ocupações próximas ao leito maior do rio Piranhas-Açu vem apresentando como resultando a ocorrência de problemas de inundações e alagamentos, trazendo transtornos tanto a cidade como a seus citadinos. Diante disso, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o processo de ocupação e a relação entre o planejamento urbano e as problemáticas relacionadas às inundações, mediante a avaliação do PD verificando se a confecção do PD integra-se ao Planejamento e Gerenciamento do Risco, considerando a bacia hidrográfica pela qual a urbanização se desenvolveu. A metodologia utilizou-se de consulta bibliográfica, documental, cartográfica, imagens históricas acerca das ruas que foram afetadas pela inundação e cruzando esses dados com as vias que apresentam problema de inundação/alagamento, identificação das tipologia de uso urbano com base nas imagens do Google Earth Pro para o ano de 2019 no software livre de geoprocessamento QGIS Desktop, versão 2.18, ‘Las Palmas’. Os resultados encontrados demonstram que 34,43 % da ocupação urbana é de do tipo uso residencial, do qual desses, 16,36% se encontram em áreas de inundação que corresponde ao leito maior do rio, o que demonstra a necessidade da elaboração de um plano de gerenciamento de risco, por se tratar de um importante instrumento para mitigar os efeitos danosos ocasionados por esses eventos, uma vez que esse Plano se torna um importante instrumento para mitigar os efeitos danosos dos eventos de alagamentos e inundações, sendo de forma primordial que esses riscos sejam abordados e discutidos na revisão do Plano Diretor.
Sistemas para avaliação de cidades inteligentes e sustentáveis: uma revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Alexandre Francisco de Assis Souza , De Alexandria Auzuir Ripardo , Braga Cristiane Borges
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica sobre sistemas de avaliação de cidades inteligentes e sustentáveis, direcionando o foco para aqueles que fazem referência ao sistema da norma ISO 37120: Desenvolvimento sustentável de comunidades - Indicadores para serviços urbanos e qualidade de vida. Para isso elaborou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica considerando três bases de dados: ScienceDirect, Web of Science e Scielo. Os artigos foram classificados, selecionados e, posteriormente, cada um foi discutido, sendo, por fim, apresentadas suas principais características. Como resultado, percebe-se que ainda são raros os trabalhos disponíveis sobre sistemas de avaliação de cidades inteligentes e sustentáveis baseados na ISO 37120 para cidades latino-americanas, a maioria dos trabalhos concentra-se na Europa. Evidencia-se também que existe uma forte conexão entre a inteligência e a sustentabilidade das cidades, sendo bem difícil dissociar um conceito do outro. E por fim, observa-se a dificuldade de aplicação de sistemas de avaliação padronizados que permitam a comparação entre diversas cidades do globo.
Blasticidin titration of cancer cell lines v1
Authors: Souster Emily , Goodwin Verity , Jackson Adam , Beaver Charlotte , Ansari Rizwan , Behan Fiona , Garnett Mathew
Published: July 2020

This protocol is used to identify the optimum blasticidin concentration for the selection of Cas9 positive cancer cell lines. Process diagram:
SOLUTION- 08 - Türk solution v1
Authors: Cosentino Marco , Storelli Elisa , Luini Alessandra , LM Legnaro Massimiliano , Rasini Emanuela , Ferrari Marco , Marino Franca
Published: July 2020

This recepe is used in the following protocols: - PBMC- 01a - Isolation of Human PBMC from Buffy Coat - PBMC- 01b - Isolation of Human PBMC from Whole Blood - PBMC- 02 - CD4+ T cell Isolation from PBMC with “Dynabeads CD4 Positive Isolation Kit” - PBMC- 03 - TEFF+TREG Isolation from PBMC with “Miltenyi CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T cell Isolation Kit” - PMN- 01a - Isolation of Human PMN from Buffy Coat - PMN- 01b - Isolation of Human PMN from Whole Blood
SOLUTION- 09 - Trypan Blue solution v1
Authors: Cosentino Marco , Storelli Elisa , Luini Alessandra , LM Legnaro Massimiliano , Rasini Emanuela , Ferrari Marco , Marino Franca
Published: July 2020

This recepe is used in the following protocols: - PBMC- 01a - Isolation of Human PBMC from Buffy Coat - PBMC- 01b - Isolation of Human PBMC from Whole Blood - PBMC- 02 - CD4+ T cell Isolation from PBMC with “Dynabeads CD4 Positive Isolation Kit” - PBMC- 03 - TEFF+TREG Isolation from PBMC with “Miltenyi CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T cell Isolation Kit” - PMN- 01a - Isolation of Human PMN from Buffy Coat - PMN- 01b - Isolation of Human PMN from Whole Blood
SOLUTION- 06 - Lysis Buffer v1
Authors: Cosentino Marco , Storelli Elisa , Luini Alessandra , LM Legnaro Massimiliano , Rasini Emanuela , Ferrari Marco , Marino Franca
Published: July 2020

This recipe is used in the following protocols: - PBMC- 01a - Isolation of Human PBMC from Buffy Coat - PBMC- 01b - Isolation of Human PBMC from Whole Blood - PBMC- 02 - CD4+ T cell Isolation from PBMC with “Dynabeads CD4 Positive Isolation Kit” - PBMC- 03 - TEFF+TREG Isolation from PBMC with “Miltenyi CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T cell Isolation Kit” - PMN- 01a - Isolation of Human PMN from Buffy Coat - PMN- 01b - Isolation of Human PMN from Whole Blood
Gapclosing metagenomic islands v1
Authors: Bellas Chris
Published: July 2020

This protocol allows gapclosing of metagenomic islands which occur when mapping metagenomic reads to a phage reference genome. These gaps arise because multiple gene variants co-exist for specific points on the genome, these variants fluctuate in dominance over space and time. This means mapping metagenomic reads from one location onto a phage reference genome from another will often result in multiple metagenomic islands. These gaps can be closed with the following protocol, allowing the other gene variants present in a phage pan-genome to be detected. The protocol relies on detection of the same phages in similar ecosystems and relies on the phage being sequenced to sufficient depth in each sample to allow metagenomic assembly of large contigs (>10 X coverage). Prerequisites: Bowtie2 Geneious software package SPAdes assembler Blast+ tools
Supplemental Resources for You Can’t Hide Your Lying Eyes: Honesty Oaths and Misrepresentation v1
Authors: Jobu Babin J , Chauhan Haritima , Liu Feng
Published: July 2020

Abstract Lying about personal qualifications for a job or in college admissions is common and has recently become a high profile issue. In this paper, we explore the decision to misrepresent one’s self and subsequently determine whether honesty oaths impact truthful reporting of a personal characteristic. To do this, we execute a field experiment on Amazon MTurk using a self-reporting task involving worker eye color. We provide empirical evidence that honesty oaths elicit more truthful behavior, primarily impacting “extreme” lies. Oath-taking decreased the cost associated with misreporting personal characteristics by 70%. Oaths marginally decrease shirking.