bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photocatalytic degradation of malachite green dye using zero valent iron doped polypyrrole
Authors: HASPULAT TAYMAZ Bircan , KAMIŞ Handan , YOLDAŞ Özge
Published: February 2021

The zero valent iron doped polypyrrole (Ppy/Fe) was synthesized via chemical oxidative polymerization method in diethylene glycol medium for the first time in this study. The characterization of synthesized Ppy and Ppy/Fe composites was realized by using fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectrometer (DRS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), elemental dispersion X-ray analysis (EDX), four point probe electrical conductivity X-Ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and pH at point of zero charge (pHpzc) methods. These characterizations show that there is an interaction between zero valent iron (Fe0) and Ppy polymer. The photocatalytic activity of synthesized Ppy and Ppy/Fe composite were investigated by degradation of malachite green (MG) dye under UV light irradiation. Ppy/Fe composite was achieved complete degradation within 60 min, which is 5.92 times faster than pure Ppy. The effect of irradiation time, ratio of Ppy and Fe0 in the synthesized composites, photocatalyst amount to photocatalytic efficiency of Ppy/Fe is studied. Also, the photocatalytic stability of Ppy/Fe is investigated under UV light illumination for degradation MG dye.
"Enhancement of the Contract Negotiation Process In Agency Relationships in IT Outsourcing A model for improving contract negotiations and the emergence of trust between principals and agents in IT outsourcing agency relationships"
Authors:   , Henrich Frank
Published: February 2021

The research aims at establishing an understanding of the influencing factors and their enhancement through a contract enhancement model (CEM) in order to ensure an improved course of contract negotiations between principals and agents in agency relationships in IT outsourcing. The research discusses the phenomenon of hidden actions and their occurrences, challenges and solutions as explained in the agency theory (JENSEN/MECKLING, 1976). The CEM helps to ensure that the phenomenon of hidden actions as well as opportunistic behaviour are reduced and maximation of benefit is given and shared between the parties. To guarantee a better understanding, the research sets the theoretical facts of the agency theory in conjunction with facts of other theories, such as economics and social cognitive science, in order to manifest the content of the CEM and to ensure that the theoretical framework of the research is based on solid grounds. The research contributes to theory and practice. It provides an enhanced approach for solving challenges arising from hidden actions. With the help of the CEM, the research instructs and guides interacting parties in agency relationships in IT outsourcing how to increase the speed, the efficiency and the effectiveness of their contract negotiations to enable them to develop a solid foundation for a long-lasting business relationship, from the very beginning. Previous research has been conducted in the field of enhancing relationships between principals and agents, but such research has focused on enhancing communication and knowledge transfer between the parties (Henrich, 2011). The present research is understood as a continuation of this previous research. As mentioned above, it aims at enhancing contract negotiations by making them more efficient and speeding them up to help principals and agents in agency relationships in IT outsourcing to run through the process of contract negotiations more effectively. Besides focusing on agency theory, the research also draws on literature in the field of outsourcing, trust and information exchange. In the past, various studies have shown that many outsourcing projects have failed to run for a prolonged period or have been interrupted, renegotiated or even terminated (Leimeister, 2010, p. 2). The literature shows that generally research has already contributed to this subject with a wide range of theories about the constitution and characterisation of mutual exchange between organisations (Kuhlmann, 2012, p. 3). Solving the conflict of information asymmetry as described in the agency theory will lead to an increase of total well-being and should be the aspired solution from a utilitarian point of view (Zaggl, 2012, p. 7).
Clinical follow-up of canine mast cell tumour cases diagnosed by cytology and histopathology
Authors: Cifuentes-Arias Sebastián , Osorio-Morales Lina , Pedraza-Ordóñez Francisco
Published: February 2021

Canine mast cell tumours (MCT) are malignant neoplasms, and are possibly the most common skin cancers in dogs. A precise diagnosis is fundamental in making appropriate therapeutic decisions and thus avoiding a poor prognosis, which frequently ends in rapid death. In this study, data from 59 dogs diagnosed with mast cell tumours of three malignancy grades were selected and clinical follow-up was carried out over 47 months to determine the relationship between the decision to perform surgery the degree of tumour malignancy and the survival status of the animals. The results showed that the majority of affected animals died as a result of the disease, some of which had undergone surgical treatment. The surviving dogs were diagnosed mostly with mast cell tumours of low malignancy. There was no significant association between surgery and survival. We conclude that cytological analysis is fundamental for an early diagnosis of canine MCTs and enable a more accurate prognosis to guide subsequent treatment. We discuss the need for clear malignancy criteria allowing for adequate cytological classification of these lesions.
Hypolipidemic and cardioprotective effects of Taraxacum officinal aqueous extract in obese rats
Authors: Ikram Toumi , Ifriqya Medila , Saoussane Lifa
Published: February 2021

Obesity is a chronic disease responsible for comorbidity and excess mortality, and is considered an independent risk factor for cardiovascular pathology development. Most cardiovascular disease can be prevented by tackling behavioural risk factors, such as a sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet, and obesity. Taraxacum officinal is a perennial plant belonging to the Asteraceae family, commonly used for these medicinal characteristics. It has diuretic, anti-tumour, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and immunostimulant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the lipid-lowering and cardioprotective effect of Taraxacum officinal aqueous extract in Wistar rats on hyperfatty diets. A total of 24 rats weighing 200 ± 6.8 g were divided into three lots: healthy control (HC) receiving a standard diet, obese control (OC) receiving a cafeteria diet without treatment and the third load (TL) receiving a cafeteria diet and treated for 20 days with 200 mg/kg Taraxacum officinal aqueous extract. The results showed that the cafeteria diet induced obesity in rats compared to the control group, characterized by hyperglycaemia (148.75 mg/ dL), hypertriglyceridemia (59 mg/dL) and hypercholesterolemia (160.67 mg/dL) with an increase in total lipids (0.39 g/g of tissue) associated with a state of oxidative stress in the cardiac tissue. Oral administration of the aqueous extract of Taraxacum officinal improved the lipid profile in serum and tissue. The findings showed a drop in blood sugar (1.02 mg/dL), total cholesterol (135 mg/ dL), LDL cholesterol, (67 mg/dL), triglycerides (36 mg/dL), total lipids (1.37g/g of tissue), and lipid peroxidation MDA (0.25 ± 0.02 μmoL/g protein), and an increase in the level of GSH (0.51 nM /mg protein) in treated rats compared to the controls. In conclusion, the results obtained showed the effectiveness of the aqueous extract of Taraxacum officinal against dyslipidemia, obesity, and hyperglycaemia. The plant was shown to have both cardioprotective and antioxidant effect.
Povijesni razvoj rendgenografije u Zavodu za rendgenologiju, ultrazvučnu dijagnostiku i fizikalnu terapiju Veterinarskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu
Authors: Šehić Mensur
Published: February 2021

Od osnutka Zavoda i obavljanja rendgenografije svi su rendgenogrami pohranjivani u velikoj prostoriji koja je služila kao filmoteka. Odabirom najinteresantnijih rendgenograma objavljeni su udžbenici: „Opća rendgenologije u veterinarskoj medicini“, „Osteoartropatije u domaćih životinja“ i „Klinička rendgenologija u veterinarskoj medicini“. Koristeći spomenute rendgenske uređaje objavljen je veliki broj stručne i znanstvene literature. Izrađene su i brojne disertacije i magistarske rasprave. Suvremena radiologija sve više koristi digitalne sustave za oslikavanje ljudskog i životinjskog tijela i oni u kliničkoj praksi postupno zamjenjuju analogne uređaje. Digitalna se tehnologija dugo primijenjuje kod kompjutorizirane tomografije (CT), ultrasonografije, magnetske rezonancije (MRI) i nuklearne medicine. Dosadašnja iskustva uglavnom se temelje na analognim podatcima oslikavanja. Instaliranjem Višeslojnog CT skenera (multislice CT scanners) i digitalnom obradom slika kod klasične rendgenografije, Zavod je obogaćen kvalitetnim i višenamjenskim rendgenografskim dijagnostičkim postupcima.
IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE DELIVERY ON CASSAVA PRODUCTION IN KWAMI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF GOMBE STATE
Authors: HARRISON Maghra , OGUNTUNDE Ayodele
Published: February 2021

The study was carried out to determine the impact of agricultural extension service delivery on cassava production in Kwami local government area of Gombe State. Four research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. The design for the study was survey. The sample for the study was 105 respondents with 93 cassava farmers and 12 agricultural extension agents. A simple random sampling technique was used to obtain the sample. The instrument for data collection was a researcher designed structured questionnaire rated on a four- point scale. The instrument was subjected to validation by 3 experts. To determine the reliability of the instrument, Pearson Product moment correlation coefficient was used after administering the instrument on a different population of farmers in Adamawa State. The coefficient obtained was 0.99. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research question while t-test was used at 0.05 level of significance to test the hypothesis. The findings of the study revealed that factors such as poor soil fertility among others influence cassava production in Kwami local government area of Gombe State and cassava farmers derive benefit from agricultural extension agents. The study recommended that more agricultural extension agents should be employed by the government so as to have sufficient agricultural extension service among others.
Critical Aspects to Produce Low-Cost Protein Molecular Weight Marker: A Review
Authors: Gunawan Leonardo Tejo , Purwanto Maria Goretti
Published: February 2021

Proteomic studies usually begin with characterizing protein profile, like the molecular weight of protein, which can be done by the SDS-PAGE technique followed by Western Blot. These methods need a standard protein called molecular weight marker (MWM). In this review, the important, basic aspects of either recombinant or native MWM production was discussed, including the type and effect of dyes can be used for preparing a prestained MWM. Moreover, buffer and polyols used in the formulation can also affect the quality and stability. Also, another adjuvant may be needed to increase the robustness of MWM to lower the risk of protease contamination that can breakdown the protein inside the MWM during storage. Understanding those critical aspects will help to produce/formulate a good quality of MWM.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PUPUK HAYATI MIKORIZA DAN PUPUK KASCING TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) DI PRE NURSERY
Authors: Situmorang Median Ramot , Agustina Nur Ariyani , Pratomo Bayu
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit setelah diberi pupuk hayati mikoriza dan pupuk kascing dengan dosis yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) 2 Faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah pupuk mikoriza yang terdiri dari 4 taraf yaitu: Kontrol (M0), 4 gr (M1), 8 gr (M2), 12 gr (M3) dan faktor kedua adalah pupuk kascing yang terdiri dari 4 taraf yaitu: Kontrol (K1), 40 gr (K1), 80 gr (K2), 120 gr (K3). Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan sidik ragam (Analysis of Variance), dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT (Duncan’s Multiple Range Test) dengan signifikan 5 %. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data yang diperoleh bahwa perlakuan pupuk hayati mikoriza tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan kelapa sawit, sedangkan pemberian pupuk kascing berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman kelapa sawit, serta interaksi berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah daun (3.00 helai) pada minggu ke 8 setelah tanam.
ANALISIS KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL KELAPA SAWIT RAKYAT DI KABUPATEN PASAMAN BARAT
Authors: Aznur Tifany Zia , Lubis Fadli A , Ginting Makhrani S
Published: February 2021

Kelapa sawit mempunyai peran yang cukup strategis dalam. perekonomian Indonesia, akan tetapi perkebunan kelapa sawit rakyat dicirikan oleh berbagai kelemahan seperti lahan yang relatif sempit, diusahakan secara tradisional, produktivitas dan mutu rendah, serta posisi dalam pemasaran hasil lemah Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kelayakan finansial dan sensitivitas usahatani kelapa sawit rakyat di Kabupaten Pasaman Barat. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Pasaman Barat sebagai sentra produksi kelapa sawit di Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive berdasarkan umur tanaman, yakni umur 1 sampai 23 tahun. Data dianalisis dengan  metode analisis deskriptif kuantitatif menggunakan analisis kelayakan melalui pendekatan Benefit-Cost dalam PAM dan analisis sensitivitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara finansial, usahatani kelapa sawit rakyat di Kabupaten Pasaman Barat layak dan menguntungkan petani yang dibuktikan dengan nilai B/C sebesar 1,36 dan nilai NPV sebesar 87.225.402,27. Hasil analisis sensitivitas dengan skenario jika pupuk anorganik tidak disubsidi pemerintah menunjukkan adanya penurunan keuntungan petani sebesar 42,3% akan tetapi usahatani kelapa sawit rakyat masih layak untuk tetap diusahakan.
ISOLASI DAN UJI ANTAGONIS BAKTERI ASAL TANDAN KOSONG SAWIT YANG DIAPLIKASIKAN PADA AREAL TANAMAN KARET TERHADAP PENYAKIT JAMUR AKAR PUTIH (R. microporus)
Authors: Nugroho Priyo Adi , Dalimunthe Cici Indriani
Published: February 2021

The concern of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) utilization in the rubber field that potential to be a host of white root disease needs to be deeply investigated. The objective of this study was to assess the bacteria on the surface of OPEFB that able to inhibit the growth of R. microporus fungi. The antagonistic assay of eight isolates of bacteria against R. microporus fungi was conducted in the Plant Protection Laboratory of Sungei Putih Research Centre. The isolates were isolated from the surface of OPEFB applied in the rubber field. Nutrient agar (NA) was employed in the isolation and purification of bacteria. The antagonistic assay was carried out in vitro using the dual culture method. The observation was performed on 2, 4, 6, and 8 days after incubation (DAI). The result indicated that the eight isolates have varied in inhibition ability of R. Microporus fungi. The initial inhibition was started since 2 DAI particularly in the isolates B2, B3, B4, and B7. The percentage of inhibition were 30%, 60%, 65% dan 69% respectively. Until 8 HSI, the isolates B2, B3, B4, B6, B7, and B8 were still inhibiting the growth of R. microporus fungi > 80%. The isolates B3 and B4 showed the best performance in fungi inhibition with the percentage > 95%. Whereas, the ability of inhibition of the isolates B1 and B5 were very low as < 50%. The existence of such antagonistic bacteria perhaps led to OPEB was not role as the host of white root disease while applied in the rubber field
Philosophical Establishment Of Regional Regulations Based On Regional Characteristics
Authors: Sedubun Victor Juzuf
Published: February 2021

Article 18B The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia recognizes and respects the traditional rights of indigenous community. Article Number 14 of Law Number 12 Year 2011 in conjunction with  Article Number 236 paragraph four (4) of Law Number 23 Year 2014 guarantees the formation of Regional Regulations based on regional characteristic. It is a normative research, using the approach of legislation and conceptual approach. It is necessary to amend Law No. 23 of 2014, especially in relation to the formation of Regional Regulations based on regional characteristics. Law Number 32 Year 2004 along with its implementing regulations and Law Number 23 Year 2014 do not specify the rules for the establishment of Regional Regulations based on regional characteristics.
The Legal Politics of Recall Right of Political Parties Relevance with the System of Popular Sovereignty In Dynamics of the Constitution of Indonesia
Authors: Evendia Malicia , Yasir Armen , Neta Yulia , Firmansyah Ade Arif
Published: February 2021

The existence of regulation of recall rights of political parties as regulated in Law No. 17 of 2014 and Law No. 2 of 2008 bring a great influence on the position of legislative members. Based on these rules, legislators may be dismissed from their positions if proposed by Political Party. This certainly brings a polemic for the people as the sovereign owner, who have chosen their representatives through the electoral process, but when chosen representatives of the people can be dismissed from his position by a political parties through the mechanism of the right of recall. This research was done by doctrinal method approach as well as the use of the statute, historical, and conceptual approach. This results showed that the legal politics of recall right of political parties is actually only used as an instrument of the political parties in controlling its members in parliament in order to always adhere to the party's policy direction. This makes the recall right political party is legal products that characterized conservative or orthodox. The existence of a political party's recall rights order gives a great authority to the political parties to negate the result of the people's choice as the holder of sovereignty for the sake of the political party. The function of political parties as a means of political recruitment in the process of filling political office in this case as members of the legislature, should have been completed after the people chose their representatives through electoral mechanisms. Therefore, it is necessary for the reconstruction of the ideal and relevant recall rights arrangement to the people's sovereignty.
ELŐSEGÍTI-E A KIEGÉSZÍTŐ MELLÉKLET A DÖNTÉSHOZATALT?
Authors: Kerezsi Dóra
Published: February 2021

Az elérhető információk befolyásolják a döntéseket, a nem megfelelően válogatott, hiányos, torz információk félrevezető képet adhatnak, s rossz döntésekhez vezethetnek. Egy vállalat külső piaci szereplőjéről elsőkörben a számviteli beszámolójából nyert adatokon keresztül juthat döntéstámogató információhoz. Ebből kifolyólag a kiegészítő melléklet, melynek célja a vállalkozás megbízható és valós vagyoni, pénzügyi és jövedelmezőségi helyzetének biztosítása, az egyik fő információforrások közé tartozik. Kutatási célom volt felmérni, hogy a vállalkozások vezetőit illetve gazdasági szakembereit milyen mértékben támogatják a partnervállalkozásaik kiegészítő mellékleteiből származó információk.
Roles of Students’ Religious Groups in Stress Management among Undergraduates of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State
Authors: Lateef Akinlabi Kehinde , Lateef Adisa Ademola , Olayiwola Opatola Mustapha
Published: February 2021

The study identified sources of stress among students of Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU), Ile-Ife and assessed forms of support students’ religious groups provided to the students in assisting students in stress management. Primary data were used for the study. Qualitative method which made use of in-depth interview guide was employed to collect data from 30 Students’ Religious Groups Leaders. The data were collected from undergraduates of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, and selected through stratified and purposive sampling techniques. The study concluded that students’ religious groups played vital roles which complemented the statutory functions of stress reduction and management by the university.
The use of Wordclouds for vocabulary retention in the English for Psychology classroom
Authors: Bellés-Fortuño Begoña , Martínez-Hernández Ana-Isabel
Published: February 2021

Several studies have revealed that computer applications offer a vast potential for teaching and learning. Open Educational Resources (OERs) can be especially beneficial to generate innovative abilities in the classroom related to new means of communication and collaboration (Conole and Alevizou, 2010). As regards the teaching of foreign languages, OERs have been acknowledged to be a useful tool for vocabulary acquisition (Bărbuleț, 2013), for enhancing text reading (Alkahtani, 1999), for writing (Krajka, 2000), and for improving pronunciation (Lee, 2008). Computer-assisted language learning (CALL) programmes as a means of learning-by-playing in the classroom have also proven to facilitate the acquisition of English vocabulary and pronunciation through games (Young & Wang, 2014).

This study aims to explore the implementation and use of an online tool such as Wordclouds in the English for Psychology classroom at university in order to improve vocabulary retention and the overall learning of English in the specific field of Psychology. By means of exposing students to psychological pathologies, they will be asked to generate vocabulary word clouds to check their vocabulary retention and keyword selections at two different stages, being exposed to specialised texts before and after the reading of those texts later. Computer applications in the ESP classroom are combined here with group work development. Previous research has shown that working collaboratively facilitates learning, primarily through comparative reflection and peer learning (Angehrn & Maxwell, 2009; Evans & Cuffe, 2009).

Results have shown that the exploitation of students’ background knowledge through the tool Wordclouds has definitely aided vocabulary retention of keywords about psychological pathologies as well as improved their English for psychology language accuracy.
Mini Asymmetric Radial Keratotomy and Corneal Cross-linking for the Treatment and the Optical Rehabilitation of Keratoconus
Authors: Abbondanza Marco , Abbondanza Gabriele , De Felice Valentina
Published: February 2021

Aim

To present and discuss the outcomes of the mini asymmetric radial keratotomy (MARK) and corneal cross-linking (CXL) combined intervention, also known as the “Rome protocol”, for patients with progressive stage I, II, and III keratoconus (KC) and contact lens intolerance (CLI).

Design

Retrospective, observational study.

Materials and Methods

The postoperative outcomes of 48 eyes (35 patients) were selected and retrospectively analyzed, with an average follow-up of 3.8 years. To assess the efficacy of the MARK plus CXL combined protocol, mean keratometry, mean pachymetry, and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity were evaluated.

Results

Mean keratometry improved in 90% of cases (from 48.3 D to 45 D), mean pachymetry improved in 83% of cases (from 439 to 460 μm), and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity improved in all cases (from +0.4 to +0.15 logMAR).

Conclusion

The MARK plus CXL intervention effectively halted the KC progression and improved the visual acuity, which suggests that this combined procedure should be taken into account when considering refractive procedures combined with corneal cross-linking (CXL plus), if the relevant inclusion criteria can be satisfied.

How to cite this article

Abbondanza M, Abbondanza G, De Felice V. Mini Asymmetric Radial Keratotomy and Corneal Cross-linking for the Treatment and the Optical Rehabilitation of Keratoconus. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2019;8(2):35–39.
Passo a dois: percepção tátil-cinética na mobilidade com cão-guia
Authors: Weid Olivia von der
Published: February 2021

Este artigo é um desdobramento das reflexões apresentadas na mesa redonda “Movimentos, percepções e práticas”, durante a VII Reunião de Antropologia da Ciência e da Tecnologia. Apresento como venho articulando os três temas que deram o título à mesa tomando como base a pesquisa que desenvolvo desde o doutorado sobre as percepções de mundo de pessoas cegas. Em um segundo momento, faço uma aproximação mais etnográfica à temática a partir das investigações de campo que, desde 2016, venho realizando no Centro de Formação de Treinadores e Instrutores de Cães Guia do Instituto Federal Catarinense (IFC-Camboriú). Finalizo o artigo com considerações sobre os desafios que a investigação da experiência de mundo de pessoas cegas coloca ao método e à escrita etnográfica.
Águas de Dançar Juntos: coordenação e sintonização multiespécies na pesca com os botos em Laguna (SC, Brasil)
Authors: Catão Brisa
Published: February 2021

A pesquisa, em Laguna (Santa Catarina, Brasil), narra uma história de encontros entre tainhas em migração pela costa sul brasileira, golfinhos nariz-de-garrafa que habitam a Lagoa Santo Antônio dos Anjos e pescadores. Golfinhos que participam da pesca vêm desenvolvendo conjuntamente formas de convivência, colaboração e bem viver. Bôtas boas e botos bons conduzem cardumes de tainhas na direção dos pescadores e sinalizam a localização dos peixes com movimentos corporais característicos. Os pescadores reconhecem individualmente cada boto bom e bôta boa, atribuem-lhes nomes, descrevem seus hábitos particulares e outras características de suas histórias de vida, como relações de parentesco, desaparecimentos temporários e episódios de emalhe.  O texto aborda formas de comunicação ligadas às ideias de atração, corpos, movimentos, co-responsividades, temporalidades humanas e não-humanas, ajustamentos rítmicos, coordenação e sintonização multiespécies. Analisando o desenvolvimento de habilidades interespecíficas o texto explora complementarmente os conceitos de etno-etologia, eto-etnologia e eto-ecologia.
Monseñor Romero y la verdad
Authors: Sobrino Jon
Published: February 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 66, No. 724, 2011: 9-21.
Reforma y contrarreforma electoral en El Salvador, 2010-2011
Authors: Artiga González Álvaro
Published: February 2021

La noche del 28 de julio de 2010, la Asamblea Legislativa aprobó dos acuerdos de reforma constitucional para exigir la afiliación partidista a quienes pretendan ser candidatos para diputados o para miembros de concejos municipales. Estos acuerdos fueron la respuesta anticipada, gracias a la filtración de información desde la Corte Suprema de Justicia, a la sentencia 61-2009 de la Sala de lo Constitucional, que declaraba inconstitucional varias disposiciones del Código Electoral relacionadas con las candidaturas y la forma de elegir a los diputados. Por varios meses desde que se emitió la referida sentencia, el país ha vivido un inusual enfrentamiento entre, por un lado, cuatro magistrados de la Sala de lo Constitucional, y por otro lado, los diputados, los dirigentes partidistas, el presidente de la República, el fiscal general y otros magistrados de la Corte Suprema de Justicia. Este trabajo recoge parte de dicho enfrentamiento y se hace un análisis de sus principales hitos ocurridos entre julio de 2010 y marzo de 2011. Como tal enfrentamiento supera estos límites temporales, este artículo es solamente la primera parte del análisis global de la reforma y la contrarreforma electoral que define la coyuntura previa de las elecciones de diputados y concejos municipales de 2012.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 66, No. 724, 2011: 73-92.
Sentencia del Tercer Tribunal Internacional para la Aplicación de la Justicia Restaurativa en El Salvador
Authors: Editor El
Published: February 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 66, No. 724, 2011: 147-153.
Juez y siempre juez, no parte
Authors: Argumedo José Enrique
Published: February 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 66, No. 725, 2011: 189-202.
Juzgado Central de Instrucción Número 6. Audiencia Nacional Madrid. Sumario: 97/10 (DP 391/08) Auto de Procesamiento
Authors: Editor El
Published: February 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 66, No. 725, 2011: 255-310.
Ambitious Mashups: Reflections on a Decade of Cyberlearning Research
Authors:   Center for Innovative Research in Cyberlearning
Published: February 2021

This report reflects on progress from over eight years of research projects in the cyberlearning community. The community involved computer scientists and learning scientists who received NSF awards to investigate the design of more equitable learning experiences with emerging technology—focusing on developing the learning theories and technologies that are likely to become important within 5-10 years. In early 2020, the Center for Innovative Research in Cyberlearning's team analyzed the portfolio of past and current project in this community and convened a panel of experts to reflect on important trends and issues, including artificial intelligence and learning; learning theories; research methods; out-of-school-time learning; and trends at NSF and beyond.
Methodology of Mathematics Teaching. Treatment to School Mathematics Equations
Authors: Caraballo Carmona Carlos Manuel , García Fernández Francisco Lázaro
Published: February 2021

This book is aimed at pre-university students and its purpose is to contribute to the development of their knowledge related to the algebraic and transcendent equations studied at school, as well as their application to different situations that occur in practice in an innovative and creative way, using the procedures for solving them, so that it allows the consolidation of attitudes such as industriousness, responsibility and science. The system of knowledge worked on and treated didactically in this book is related to the algebraic equations and within them the linear, quadratic, fractional and radical equations, the modular equations and the transcendental equations such as, the exponential, logarithmic and trigonometric equations, providing the minimum theoretical and methodological resources, necessary to learn and to successfully face the exercises and problems proposed in each chapter.
Regional Wage, Productivity Differences and Location Choice of Manufacturing Sector in Turkey
Authors: Doğruel Fatma , DOĞRUEL A. Suut
Published: February 2021

Theoretical models and empirical studies focus on, in general, local characteristics such as centripetal or centrifugal forces to explain regional differences in economic activities (NEG and UE). However, how the technological characteristics of the economic activities affect the location choice are other critical issues. To this end, the paper focuses on the technological properties of the manufacturing activities in Turkey, and investigates the links between regional distribution of manufacturing subsectors and labor productivity using some basic technological indicators. Technology indicators: Wage, labor productivity and firm size at sectoral-regional level.
TÜRK ATASÖZLERİNİN EKONOMİK YORUMLAMASI ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME
Authors: SEYİDOĞLU Halil
Published: February 2021

Atasözleri toplumların asırlar boyunca yaşadıkları olay,
gelişme ve deneyimlerle bunlara yönelik düşünce, yorum, uyarı ve önerilerden
kaynaklanmıştır. Ait oldukları toplumdaki ortak düşünce, inanç, görüş ve
tutumları belirtirler. Asırlardan süzülerek gelmiş, denenmiş, uyarıcı, yol
gösterici, kural belirleyen, anlam dolu sözlerdir. Ahlâk, eğitim,
dürüstlük,  dostluk, başarı, adalet,
sağlık, yoksulluk, zenginlik, vs. gibi toplumsal ilişkilerin hemen hemen her
yönüyle ilgili olabilirler. Bu çalışmada Türk toplumunda ekonomik anlam taşıyan
atasözlerinin analizi amaçlanmaktadır. Ayrıca bunların içerdikleri anlamların
Yerleşik Ekonomi Bilimi’ndeki hipotez, teori, kural ve ilkeler açısından
değerlendirmesinin yapılması da diğer bir amaçtır. Böylece hem Türk halkının
geçmişten günümüze ekonomik konulardaki düşünce, görüş ve değerlendirmeleri
belirlenmeye çalışılmakta, hem de Neoklâsik Ekonomi prensiplerinin Türk Toplumu
açısından geçerliliği konusunda bir fikir edinilmesi amaçlanmaktadır.
Moral İktisadı ve Léon Walras
Authors: EREN Ercan
Published: February 2021

İktisat teorisinin belki de en yanlış bilinen
iktisatçısı Leon Walras’tır.  Genel
düşünce, gerçekçi olmayan tam rekabet piyasasıyla genel denge analizini temel
alan soyut, matematiksel iktisadın öncüsü olduğu yönündedir.Walras, Marksist olmayan sosyalist Neoklasik
iktisat geleneğinin de öncülerindendir. 
Görüşlerinin kalkış noktası sosyalizmdir ki onun da arkasında moral
iktisadı hakkındaki düşünceleri vardır.

Bu çalışmada, ilk olarak
moral iktisadı kavramı ele alınacak, daha sonra Walras’ın sosyalizmi
incelenerek, düşündüğü sosyalizmi gerçekleştirmede bilime yüklediği rol
değerlendirilecektir.
Alışkanlık ve Rasyonalite Kavramları Temelinde Veblen ve Simon Üzerine Yeniden Düşünmek
Authors: BAŞ DİNAR Gülenay , AKDERE Çınla , YILMAZKAYA Merve
Published: February 2021

T. Veblen ve H. A. Simon’un iktisadi teorileri,
iktisadi davranışları fayda ya da kâr maksimizasyonu temelinde açıklayan ana
akım iktisada eleştiri niteliğindedir. Bu açıklamaların temeli benimsedikleri
bireyin rasyonel davrandığı varsayımına dayanır. İki iktisatçı da neoklasik
iktisadi analizin gerçek ekonomik süreçleri açıklamak ve gerçek hayattaki
iktisadi problemlere çözüm bulma konusunda yetersiz olduğu fikrini savunurlar.
Rasyonel bireyin her zaman gerçek hayattaki gerçek piyasalardaki bireyi temsil
etmediğini işaret ederler. Hem Veblen hem Simon gerçek insanlara daha yakın
olabilecek alternatif bir “iktisadî insan” tanımına girişir. Bunu yapmanın,
insanların kimi zaman alışkanlıkları çerçevesinde hareket ettiklerini kabul
etmekten geçtiğine inanırlar. Hem kişisel hem toplumsal saiklerle şekillenen
alışkanlıklarına göre hareket eden bireyi teorilerinin öznesi yaparlar. Bu
makalede, alışkanlıkların güdümünde olan davranış ile rasyonel davranış
arasındaki farklar ilk önce Veblen’in evrimsel iktisat söyleminde (1.), daha
sonra da Simon’un örgüt kuramı çerçevesinde (2.) değerlendirilecektir. Nihayetinde, bu iki
iktisatçının pozisyonları karşılaştırılacaktır (3.).
The Road to Serfdom against The Great Transformation: A Comparison with Reference to Unintended Consequences
Authors: ÖZEL Hüseyin
Published: February 2021

The present paper attempt at comparing two opposite accounts, developed to explain the same phenomenon, the rise of fascism and socialism in Europe in the 1930s, namely, Karl Polanyi’s The Great Transformation, and Friedrich A. Hayek’s The Road of Serfdom, in reference to the notion of the “unintended consequences.” The idea of unintended consequences, postulates, as an answer to the problem of “order” that even though the actions of individual human beings are carried out on their intentions, they will have some consequences that were not intended by any of these individuals, is taken as a reference point because both Polanyi and Hayek use this idea as an important ingredient of their social theories. However, it is argued in the paper firstly that the idea of unintended consequences cannot fulfil its promise, namely to explain the social order, especially in Hayek’s case. In Hayek, it remains essentially a mere abstraction and reduces to a functional argument based on the “representative individual” whereas in Polanyi it was conceived in terms of interactions between individuals who belong to different sections of the society, and thus it is helpful in presenting the institutional strains and contradictions of capitalism on a more concrete level. But, secondly, it is argued that it is not the differences in the use of the idea of unintended consequences per se but the difference between the respective visions of these two thinkers, concerning human beings and freedom, which actually constitutes the essential, unbridgeable gap between their social theories.
Proudhon ile Marx Bir siyasal hayal kırıklığının kuramsal öyküsü
Authors: EGE Ragıp
Published: February 2021

1846 yılında Marx’la Proudhon arasında çok anlamlı bir mektuplaşma gerçekleşir. Bu mektuplaşma sonucu Marx’ın Proudhon’a duyduğu hayranlık nefrete dönüşür. Marx’la Engels’in, Avrupa düzeyinde etkinliklerini dağınık biçimde sürdüren sosyalist ve komünist hareketler arasında oluşturmaya çalıştıkları dayanışma örgütü girişimlerine Proudhon çok mesafeli kalmıştır. Çalışmamız, Fransız düşünürün bu tutumunun Marx’ın Proudhon’u, özellikle onun Sefaletin Felsefesi kitabını okumasını nasıl etkilediği üzerine bir sorgulamadır. Marx’ın Sefaletin Felsefesi’ne yönelttiği eleştiriler, bilimsel yaklaşımın ne olması gerektiği konusunda önemli çözümlemeler içerir.
Yahudi’nin kaderi; insanın kaderi veya “Homo judaeus”tan “homo capitalius”a, Marx’tan Sombart’a düşünce tarihinden kısa notlar
Authors: SARFATİ Metin
Published: February 2021

Eski ismi ile ekonomi politik yeni ve deforme edilmiş içeriği ile iktisat nihayet zenginleşmenin bilimi değil miydi? Yahudi de bir yerde para tutkusunun kendisinde somutlaştığı bu halk değil miydi? Önce Weber sosyolojik ve yöntemsel tezine uygun bir şekilde “Antik Yahudiliği” ama daha sonra asıl Sombart “Yahudiler ve iktisadi hayatı” yazacaktır (Sombart, 2012). İki yapıt da Marx’ın Yahudilik sorunundan yaklaşık 50 yıl sonrasına rastlayacaktır. Alain Besançon’un “yüzyılın trajedisi; Komünizm, Nazizm ve Büyük Yahudi Soykırımının gerçekleşmesine de henüz vakit vardır ama sanki hazırlıklar başlamıştır (Besançon, 2005). Makalede yapılacak olan temelinde Sombart ‘ın Yahudilik ve ekonomi veya kapitalizmle ilgili tezine yukarıdan beri anlatılanların ışığında elden geldiğince tarafsız yaklaşmaya çalışmak olacaktır öncelikle ama daha sonra Marx, Weber ve Sombart’ın büyük kaderden, kapitalizmden bağımsızlaşmayı ararken niye Yahudiliğin sorunundan geçmek zorunda olduklarına dair tarih koridorunun loşluğunda ipuçları yakalanmaya çalışılacaktır.
Türkiye’nin Değişen Hanehalkı Yapısı: Tek Kişilik Haneler Ne Durumda?
Authors: BAŞLEVENT Cem
Published: February 2021

Bu makalede Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu’nun yayınladığı veriler kullanılarak Türkiye’de 2006 yılından bu yana hanehalkı yapısında yaşanan değişim gözlemlenmekte ve bu değişimin konut talebinde ve işgücüne katılımda artış ve gelir dağılımında bozulma gibi olası ekonomik etkilerine dair bir yazın taramasına yer verilmektedir. Farklı yapılara sahip hanehalkları yaygınlık ve gelir düzeyi bakımından karşılaştırıldığında, ortalama hanehalkı büyüklüğündeki azalmayla tutarlı olarak, tek kişilik hanehalklarının sayısının zaman içinde hızla arttığı, ancak bu artışa bu tip hanelerin gelir durumlarındaki – en az iki yetişkinin olduğu, bağımlı çocuksuz hanelere nazaran – gerilemenin eşlik ettiği görülmektedir. Bu trendin nedenini daha iyi anlayabilmek için tek kişilik hanelere odaklanan ve Gelir ve Yaşam Koşulları Araştırması’na ait mikro verileri kullanan bir ampirik çalışma yapılmaktadır. Tek başına yaşayanların yaş dağılımı, bu tip hanelerde yoğunlaşmanın erkeklerde 30 yaş civarında, kadınlarda ise 70 yaş civarında olduğunu göstermektedir. Çoklu regresyon sonuçlarına göre, cinsiyet, yaş, eğitim düzeyi ve medeni durum gibi değişkenler tek kişilik hanehalklarının toplam gelirlerinin belirleyicileri arasında bulunmaktadır.
UPAYA PEMBINAAN TERTIB ADMINISTRASI DESA OLEH DINAS PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DAN PEMERINTAHAN DESA KABUPATEN SINTANG
Authors: Erwandi Antonius
Published: February 2021

The orderly administration of the village becomes the authority of the Sintang District Village Empowerment and Village Administration Office which aims to achieve good and effective village government performance in its administration system. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach, data analysis techniques are qualitative, the tools used are Observation Guide, Interview Guidelines and documentation. The subjects of the study were 5 people, namely the Head of the Sintang District Village Community Empowerment and Village Empowerment Office, Sintang District Village Empowerment and Community Empowerment Office Secretary, Sintang District Village Empowerment and Community Empowerment Office Administration Staff, the Administrative Staff of the Sintang District Village Community Empowerment and Government Administration Office. Village Chief in Sintang Regency 2 people. Implementation of Administrative Guidance is carried out on an ongoing basis through technical guidance, work meetings and direct visits tovillages, Coordination in the Implementation of Administrative Coaching is carried out internally in the Office of Community Empowerment and Village Government by the Head of the Institutional Section because of the interrelated coaching from various aspects such as finance and also administrative order , Supervision of the implementation of Administrative Development together according to the authority of the Office of Community Empowerment and Village GovernmentKeywords: Efforts, Guidance, Orderly Administration.
“PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP PEREDARAN MAKANAN YANG MENGANDUNG PENGAWET BERBAHAYA (STUDI PASAR JUNJUNG BUIH KOTA SINTANG)”
Authors: Safarianingsih Rini
Published: February 2021

Packaged food is a food product that is widely circulated and free in the community. Foods that will be circulated for consumption so as not to harm consumers must include adequate, correct, honest and responsible information. So that every business actor in the food sector that is circulated is burdened with responsibility, especially if the food he produces causes losses to consumers. Based on the Decree of the Regent of Sintang Number: 510/156 / KEP-INDAGKOP-C/ 2015 dated February 27, 2015, on the Integrated Supervision of Hazardous Materials Abused in Food, a joint team chaired by the Sintang DistrictHealth Office held a raid in the Junjung Buih market and the shops in the Sintang Inpres Market. Related to the raid conducted by this integrated team, where the purpose of the raid is in order to anticipate the entry of hazardous materials to the market, such as borax, formalin, dangerous dyes Keywords: Protection, Consumer, food preservatives
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE USE OF FORCE TO PROTECT CIVILIANS IN THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC (CAR)
Authors: Mwanyika Elijah Mwasi
Published: February 2021

Though the United Nations (UN) has mandated the use of force, in most missions, innocent civilians continue to be attacked and killed. Focused on the “UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic”, (MINUSCA), the study investigated the effectiveness of the use of force (UoF) in the Protection of Civilians (PoC). The study was anchored on Liberalism theory. This was a library-based research that relied on secondary data. Data was obtained from books, e-books, journals, UN publications and websites. The collected data was analysed thematically. The findings show that the UoF in the PoC has positive impact on the execution of the MINUSCA mandate since early 2017 and has helped to reduce levels of armed violence. Although UoF was perceived as being effective in CAR, it was faced with some challenges. This was due to the fact that it was seen as directly targeting one party to the conflict; an act which is perceived to be against the principles of PKOs. The UoF must be supported by proper conflict analysis prior to the signing of a peace agreement, troops with a capability and training matching the task, and committed to the use of force. Missions with PoC mandate must be matched by an appropriate military capability beyond the normal infantry battalion capability. Troops deployed to PKOs should not be deployed on the basis of just the will of the member state, but the troops must have the capacity and capability to undertake the UN mandate.
THE ZIKIR CONCEPT AS A MEDIUM OF QUALITY SOUL
Authors: Zuhri Ahmad , Anwar Husnel , Marzuki Muhammad
Published: February 2021

This paper aims to examine the concept of remembrance as a medium of soul calm to better understand what the true meaning of the word remembrance contained in  Ar-Ra'd Surah verse 28 of the interpretation of Al-misbah is associated with the current modern era marked by the rapid advancement of science and technology and also followed by the advance of human civilization. The advancement of civilization and technology should be able to bring happiness, peace and tranquility of the soul more to humans themselves, but the facts that occur on the contrary, the progress of civilization and the development of science and technology actually impact the multidimensional crisis especially the neglect of the spiritual dimension and the dichotomy between the dimensions of technological progress with the dimension of spirituality, as a result will give birth to an advanced generation in civilization and technology but the spirit and soul are empty of happiness and calmness. This research was conducted by library research, namely library research. The data of this study were obtained based on a review of books relating to the concept of remembrance as a medium of soul calm in the books of the scholar of interpretation especially the interpretation of al-misbah by Quraish Shihab as the main source, this study uses management techniques and so on collecting data and making data special conclusion.

The results of the study of the concept of remembrance as a medium for soul calm in  ar-ra sura verse 28 in the interpretation of al-Misbah describes how and what media of dhikzr are used to foster a sense of calmness and happiness of the soul.

Keywords: remembrance, soul, calm.
PERANAN TERAPI KEAGAMAAN TERHADAP PASIEN PECANDU NARKOBA DI PANTI REHABILITASI AL KAMAL SIBOLANGIT CENTER
Authors: Lubis Dahlia , Riza Faisal , Abidah Irohtul
Published: February 2021

This study aims to determine the role of religious therapy in the rehabilitation process of drug addicts in the al-Kamal rehabilitation center at the Sibolangit Center. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, namely by parsing, explaining, and describing the problems that are closely related to the research. Data collection techniques were carried out by observation, interviews involving counselors, religious counselors and some patietnts and documentation. The data analysis techique in this studi is a qualitative data analysis teachnique using adjusted effectiveness indicators and then analyzed through the stages of data collection, reduction, presentation and data conclusion. This research was conducted at the Al Kamal Sibolangit Center rehabilitation Center. The results obtained show that the role of religious therapy in drug addicts patients carried out at the Al-Kamal rehabilitation center at the Sibolangit Center greatly affects the recovery process for the patient until the time specified by the patient can return to normal witgg a healthy mentel and physical health. The obstacles and constraints faced by patients when carrying out religious therapy are their emotional instability, then various factors from their families, such as a lot of pressure from their families or a lack of love from their families and so on.

Keywords: Religious Therapy, Drug Addicts Patients, Rehabilitation Homes.