bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reconsidering Bibliographic Instruction for Adult Reentry Students: Emphasizing the Practical
Authors: Tomaiuolo Nicholas G.
Published: February 2008

A survey conducted by the College Board and reported in the Chronicle of Higher Education revealed that six million adults study for college credit each year, and that 45 percent of all undergraduate and graduate students are over twenty‐five years of age. The survey also predicted the figure could rise to 50 percent by the year 2000. Recent adult education literature offers many papers advising colleges to gear up and embrace the reentry student. Academe's metamorphosis, demonstrated by independent degree programs, more weekend and evening classes, and other enticements, confirms this reorientation. A community adult education course entitled “Academia Revisited,” which is intended specifically as a preenrollment introduction for prospective reentrants, is a signal that colleges are actively courting the adult student. Increasing enrollments of adults attest a positive response to these changes.
Honoring Charles Spencer Chaplin (1889–1977): A Centennial Review of Literature
Authors: Meyer Evelyn S.
Published: February 2008

The silhouette of the little fellow with baggy trousers, decrepit oversize shoes, undersize derby, frayed short cutaway, sporting a bamboo cane and jet black mustache is recognized worldwide. Charlie Chaplin's slight 5′ 4″ stature complemented that costume, his symbol for a lifetime. Hunched shoulders, sorrowful face, and frightened air made Charlie look all the more vulnerable. As early as 1916, the reputable English magazine Tatler commented, “The lineaments of Mr. Chaplin are known to the uttermost ends of the earth and his face may be described as one upon which the sun never sets.”
Oxford English Dictionary: CD‐ROM and Second Edition
Authors: Amato Kimberly , Moranski Karen
Published: February 2008

This article is not intended to provide an exhaustive history of the Oxford English Dictionary nor does it delve into such technical aspects of the CD‐ROM format as installation and hardware specifications. Instead, this article examines the advantages and problems of electronic access to the Dictionary through the medium of CD‐ROM, as well as public service implications within the context of a reference department in a research‐oriented library. In addition, the article describes the merits of the second edition of the Oxford English Dictionary, which was published in Spring of 1989.
The American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) in World War I
Authors: Goedeken Edward A.
Published: February 2008

Big wars create big literatures, and World War I was the biggest war to hit Europe since Napoleon. The United States joined the fight in 1917 and proceeded to create a military force exceeding four million men. Because of its enormous impact on the American fabric, the war has created an extensive number of writings by participants as well as by later historians who sought to make some sense out of the slaughter.
Reference uses of campus computer Networks: A bibliographic guide
Authors: Rockman Ilene F.
Published: February 2008

As information technologies continue to evolve, reference librarians need to stay abreast of the growing number of state, regional, national, and international information networks currently available.
The National Adoption Information Clearinghouse: A major resource for Adoption Information
Authors: Hales David A.
Published: February 2008

This article has been written to acquaint librarians and others interested in finding information about adoption with the services of the National Adoption Information Clearinghouse.
Library services for remote users with Linkway
Authors: Bobay Julie , Stockey Ed , Pagliero Popp Mary
Published: February 2008

Universal access to libraries is a credo of librarianship. Students in library school learn the credo and most hold it fervently throughout their careers. However, as new technologies permit extended access to library collections and services, librarians must re‐examine this fundamental belief in light of new groups of remote users. This paper will discuss some implications of providing extended easy access to library resources.
Library orientation and instruction—1989
Authors: Rader Hannelore B.
Published: February 2008

The following is an annotated list of materials dealing with orientation to library facilities and services, instruction in the use of information resources, and research and computer skills related to retrieving, using, and evaluating information. This review, the sixteenth to be published in Reference Services Review, includes items in English published in 1989. A few are not annotated because the compiler could not obtain copies of them for this review.
When bad is good enough: The lowest common denominator in reference publishing and reviewing
Authors: Henige David
Published: February 2008

It does not seem too much to argue that high quality reference works, always crucial to the effective pursuit of research, have become increasingly important with the continuing proliferation of information as well as the increasingly complex need to capture ways of organizing it. Nor is it too much to say, unfortunately, that, even while this is so, reference works are well on their way to becoming the orphans of academic publishing. Today, more than ever, the publication of reference tools is largely in the hands of a few publishers, who depend on marketing techniques (particularly the packaging of books into series) rather than on the inherent quality of, or demonstrated need for, particular reference tools. Moreover (a point to which I will return), reference works are increasingly appearing in print as the inchoate and offhand products of desktop publishing.
The human relations area files and cross‐cultural CD: Enhanced access to selected subjects
Authors: Sutton Ellen D.
Published: February 2008

In the fall of 1989, SilverPlatter and Human Relations Area Files, Inc. began releasing their new series Cross‐Cultural CD, based on a subset of the Human Relations Area Files. The first disk in the anticipated five‐disk series covers the subjects Human Sexuality and Marriage, and represents two of ten proposed topical databases that are scheduled to be released over the next five years. The other eight databases in the series, to be produced on a total of four additional disks, are to be on the following topics: Family, Crime and Social Problems, Old Age, Death and Dying, Childhood and Adolescence, Socialization and Education, Religious Beliefs, and Religious Practices. An annual “volume” of two databases is currently $1,495, and each volume may be purchased separately. The databases will be issued one time only, one every six months, and are not updated. The second disk in each volume replaces the first disk of that volume, and becomes the property of the purchaser.
Value‐added bibliographic instruction: Teaching students to find the right citations
Authors: Nash Stan , Chung Wilson Myoung
Published: February 2008

The inability of college‐educated men and women to find and utilize information relevant to a given problem has become a matter of increasing concern to librarians and others, including members of the United States government. The skill that is required for such proficiency has been called “information literacy.” So serious has the problem become that a large and growing body of literature on the subject has emerged.
AIDS: A personal journay, 1986–1991
Authors: Carper Richard
Published: February 2008

I have been a liar, a thief, and a scoundrel. For fifteen years, my life revolved around heroin and amphetamines. Today, I am a person with AIDS (PWA). I am not gay, nor am I an AIDS “victim.”
AIDS Information in the United States, Sweden, and the Netherlands: A look at programs, services, and attitudes, with suggestions for new directions
Authors: Bernard Lukenbill W.
Published: February 2008

We all know that the AIDS threat to society is alarming. It is not only a serious health problem but it has become a problem of education and information as well. By the end of 1991, AIDS is predicted to be the second leading cause of death in the United States, exceeded only by heart disease. More people will die from AIDS than from cancers or accidents; and the direct health cost for caring for the estimated 145,000 AIDS patients in 1991 will be between 8 and 16 million dollars.
AIDS data: Locating statistics, tables, graphs, and figures
Authors: Barbara Watstein Sarah , Laurich Robert Anthony
Published: February 2008

Reference questions calling for accurate and current data on the HIV infection and AIDS are frequent in any library. Our ability as librarians to answer these and related questions raised by the general and professional public interested in the epidemic hinges on our knowledge of where and how to find AIDS data—statistics, tables, graphs, and figures.
Christopher Columbus: A selective guide to literature, 1970–1989
Authors: Metz Allan
Published: February 2008

This is a selective annotated bibliography of the literature on Christopher Columbus from 1970 to 1989. The subject is particularly relevant considering the approach of the Quincentenary of the “discovery” of America in 1992. For that same reason, there has been an outpouring of literature on the subject since 1990, a significant subset of which contributes to are interpretation of Columbus the man, his voyages, and their impact on the new world. It is hoped that this more recent literature will be part of a subsequent annotated bibliography.
Expanding the repertoire of reference
Authors: Frantz Paul
Published: February 2008

In the literature of librarianship, the education of a reference librarian has, on the whole, meant two things. First, it has referred to the theoretical and/or practical training in reference services that a student receives in library school. Second, it has meant the training, or lack of it, the new librarian receives in making the transition from library school to the reference desk. What reference education has not meant, to judge by the literature, is the ongoing training or professional development a working reference librarian might receive on the job.
Recycling household plastics waste
Authors: Rubens Donna
Published: February 2008

In 1978 the plastic bottle was introduced nationwide. In the thirteen years since that historic (and some say environmentally devastating) occasion, the consumer increasingly has embraced plastic packaging. Each American uses about 190 pounds of plastic per year, according to Earthworks Group, and about 60 pounds of it is discarded within minutes or seconds after opening. The plastic bottle is king. American consumers use 2.5 million plastic bottles every hour.
Telephone directory use in an academic library
Authors: Ernest Douglas J. , Beam Joan , Monath Jennifer
Published: February 2008

Telephone directories have been an integral part of most public and academic libraries for nearly a century. Telephone directories represent an anomaly among library collections; known to virtually all users, they nevertheless often go unrecognized when librarians discuss reference sources. The purpose of this study is twofold: first, to examine the history of telephone directory collections; second, to describe and analyze a survey of telephone directory collection use.
Ethics in reference service: Codes, case studies, or values?
Authors: Koster Gregory E.
Published: February 2008

The ethics of librarianship has become a topic of increasing interest since the mid‐1970s, as a series of scandals beginning with Watergate seemed to show serious weaknesses in the ethical standards of lawyers and other professionals.
Between the Scientist and the Lawmaker: The U.S. Office of Technology Assessment
Authors: Mongeau Deborah , Stoddard Pamela
Published: February 2008

As the 1960s drew to a close, Congress found itself grappling with an increasing array of complex technological issues that it was ill equipped to analyze and that could be the cause of costly blunders if acted upon incorrectly. To alleviate this situation, the U.S. Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) was created in 1972 under Public Law 92–484 in order to advise Congress on issues in science and technology so that relevant information would be available when pertinent legislation was being developed. Under the leadership of its director John Gibbons, OTA has earned the distinction of providing Congress, that most political of bodies, with timely and objective information without becoming mired in political skirmishes. Despite this distinction, OTA is one of the smallest government agencies, with a budget of twenty million dollars and a staff of 140. Its organization is remarkable for its simplicity. A bipartisan congressional Technology Assessment Board governs the agency overall but appoints the director who has full responsibility for running it. The nine agency divisions are organized according to scientific disciplines and report to the director with little or no intervening bureaucracy. Outside expert advice is available from the Technology Assessment Advisory Council. The result is an organization that is equally balanced politically and scientifically, that is streamlined and efficient, and that allows input from its governing members. This structure also allows great flexibility in the research and production of assessment reports. To do an assessment, OTA deploys its experts to go out and gather the information needed on the wide‐ranging topics it has been commissioned to research. The topics are chosen according to the need and interest of both houses and both political parties. Outside experts are sometimes called upon to do research but OTA exercises the final responsibility over their reports. Factual conclusions and options are presented but opinions are never given. The manner in which the information is acted upon is always left to Congress, a major reason for OTA's success.
America's National Parklands: An annotated bibliography
Authors: Lautemann Eva
Published: February 2008

The Exxon Valdez oil spill in Prince William Sound in Alaska; the battle over future oil drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge in Alaska; oil spills in the Gulf of Mexico near Galveston, Texas; medical waste pollution on the beaches of the northeast; and nuclear contamination from the Department of Energy and Department of Defense facilities have all demonstrated how endangered and fragile America's remaining natural places have become. These ecological controversies make our designated parklands even more precious and reinforce the important responsibility given to the National Park System for preserving America's natural areas.
Using video for reference staff training and development: A selective bibliography
Authors: Arthur Gwen
Published: February 2008

With the rapid growth of the video and VCR market since the 1980s, librarians have increasingly used videos for staff training and development, as well as for instructional purposes. As a medium, video provides a potentially stimulating and accessible alternative to other training approaches. In many training and instructional situations, video can clarify technical procedures, step‐by‐step, using such functions as slow motion and replay. For training programs emphasizing soft skills development (including communication, supervisory, and management skills), video can enhance role playing and behavior modeling. It can also provide opportunities for self‐observation and evaluation through the taping of simulated or actual interactions.
Welcome or not, here they come: Unaffiliated users of academic libraries
Authors: Jansen Lloyd M. , Jansen Lloyd M.
Published: February 2008

Imagine you are working at the reference desk of a major university library on a busy weekday afternoon. As you say, “How may I help you?” to your next client, you notice that he is wearing a high school letterman's jacket and is sporting fuzz on his upper lip that he would proudly call a mustache.
Land surveying: A bibliography of sources
Authors: Ehrig Ellen H.
Published: February 2008

Surveying is one of the world's oldest professions. The Egyptians used a system of ropes and knots to relocate boundaries along the Nile after periodic flooding; they also used the plumb bob. The Babylonians are credited with dividing the circle into 360 degrees, and as early as 1600 BCE the Chinese were using a form of magnetic compass. In the second century BCE Greeks were using the astrolabe. There are numerous references in the Bible to surveying, such as, “Cursed be he that removeth his neighbour's landmark” (Deuteronomy 27:17). Plane tables were used in Europe as early as the sixteenth century. Modern surveying is said to have begun in the late eighteenth century.
Usenet and the library
Authors: Gainor Larry , Foster Erin
Published: February 2008

Network resources have become widely used by libraries in recent years. More than ever before, librarians are expected to become familiar with such tools as electronic mail, file transfer protocol (ftp), and Internet‐accessible online catalogs. Many online professionals consider Usenet to be the world's largest computer network and an essential resource to academics, yet it has received little attention from the library community. This article will provide a brief description of Usenet and discuss how it may be applied to library settings.
End of the beginning: Chico mendes and the battle for Brazil's rain forest
Authors: Gardner Rebecca L.
Published: February 2008

On the evening of 22 December 1988 the world lost one of its most dedicated environmental leaders. Chico Mendes, born Francisco Alves Mendes Filho, was shot down by ranchers as he walked out of the back door of his home in Xapuri, Brazil. Although Mendes achieved worldwide recognition for his efforts to protect the Amazonian rain forest and, in fact, has been proclaimed an “eco‐martyr,” his original and foremost concern was securing workers' rights for the indigenous people of the forest and preserving the land they lived on.
Character, virtue, and self‐interest in the ethics of the medical profession: Part i: The erosion of virtue and the rise of self‐interest
Authors: Pellegrino Edmund D. , Gray Richard A.
Published: February 2008

A species of moral malaise afflicts the professions today, a malaise that may prove fatal to their moral identities and perilous to our whole society. It is manifest in a growing conviction even among conscientious doctors, lawyers, and ministers that it is no longer possible to practice their professions within traditional ethical constraints. More specifically, the belief is taking hold that unless professionals look out for their own self‐interest, they will be crushed by commercialization, competition, government regulation, malpractice actions, advertising, public and media hostility, and a host of other inimical socio‐economic forces. This line of reasoning leads the professional to infer that self‐interest justifies compromises in, and even rejection of, obligations that standards of professional ethics have traditionally imposed.
Searching electronic databases to locate tests and measures
Authors: Voge Susan
Published: February 2008

Requests for tests and measuring instruments for use in class assignments and faculty and student research are both familiar and frustrating to most academic librarians. In typical scenarios, an education student wants to measure aggression in children or a nursing student needs a test for patient mobility. Even the faculty member who may know the name of a scale may not know its author or how to obtain a copy. All are looking for a measure applicable to a specific situation and each has come to the library in hopes of walking away with a copy of the measure that day. Those familiar with measurement literature know that accessing measures can be time consuming, circuitous, and sometimes impossible. The standard test reference books, such as the Mental Measurements Yearbook and Tests in Print (both of which are published by the Buros Institute, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska), are of limited use. These books typically do not include actual instruments or noncommercial tests from the journal and report literature. While these standard reference books are essential to a test literature collection, sole use of them would mean bypassing large numbers of instruments developed and published only in articles, reports, papers, and dissertations. Sources are available to locate additional measurements, tests, and instruments, but they are widely dispersed in the print and electronic literature.
Library orientation and instruction — 1992
Authors: Rader Hannelore B.
Published: February 2008

The following is an annotated list of materials dealing with information literacy including instruction in the use of information resources, research, and computer skills related to retrieving, using, and evaluating information. This review, the nineteenth to be published in Reference Services Review, includes items in English published in 1992. A few are not annotated because the compiler could not obtain copies of them for this review.
Resources in support of technology transfer: A selective review
Authors: Hanne Daniel , Zeller Martin
Published: February 2008

The process by which technological innovations developed in one institution are discovered, acquired, and adapted for use by another institution.
U.S. Government dictionaries: A selective guide
Authors: Gonzalez Kirby Diana , Borgeest Margaret
Published: February 2008

Researchers, subject specialists, and information professionals have long been aware of scientific and technical (sci‐tech) dictionaries available from the U.S. government. Yet these reference sources often remain invisible to the general public, especially in libraries that exclude government documents from the main catalog or that maintain separate documents collections. However, as more libraries automate their holdings and load cataloging records for government publications into their online public access catalogs (OPACs), government documents should become more visible. Until then, it may surprise some to learn that many U.S. government agencies have allocated vast resources into compiling, publishing, and updating technical dictionaries in print, microfiche, and electronic format.
But does it work? Evaluating the Brandeis Reference Model
Authors: Herman Douglas
Published: February 2008

To judge from the published literature, recent conference topics, or any listserv where academic reference issues are discussed, reference service reforms are in the air. A steady increase in the sheer number of users seeking reference help, driven largely by the proliferation of new information technologies, has led to a questioning of the traditional structure and mission of the library reference desk. Brandeis University Libraries' approach, which has been described by Virginia Massey‐Burzio, is one example of such a reform. The essential change that the Brandeis model entailed was this: Brandeis' Main Library had included a reference desk at which one librarian at a time was assisted by one graduate student helper. Under the new model, reference services are divided in two: the graduate assistants staff an information desk, which is responsible for concerns like directional questions and quick look‐ups, while the librarians staff a research consultation office where more substantive questions are dealt with at greater length. The primary goal of this tiered approach, which we call the “research consultation model,” was to improve services to the classes of patrons who most need professional reference assistance, while also increasing professional job satisfaction in the face of the ongoing information explosion. (A more complete description of the model is given below under the heading: “Some characteristics of a research consultation model.”)
Genocide in the Chittagong Hill tracts of Bangladesh
Authors: Gray Richard A.
Published: February 2008

How does one learn of atrocities that have been committed, and are being committed, in remote corners of our planet? The standard answer to this question would likely be, “Consult the indexes to the leading components of the American establishment press, such as, for instance, The New York Times Index.” But, by so doing, one would be deeply disappointed, as I was. If one wanted to learn the horrifying particulars of the genocide the government of Bangladesh has been waging for at least 20 years against the tribal peoples of the Chittagong Hill Tracts, an exhaustive search of the American establishment press would yield, at best, only a most shadowy, tenuous, and distorted picture. One's only certainty would be that there has been unrest in the Hill Tracts and that a long‐suffering Bangladeshi government has had a trying time suppressing it. Indeed, one's dominant impression would likely be of a beleaguered government of a newly independent, “democratic” state struggling against its own unruly dissidents. The truth, of course, is quite other‐wise: The government of a dubiously democratic, newly independent state, in a relentless and openly avowed land‐grab, is waging genocidal warfare against the non‐Muslim tribal minorities who occupy lands along one of its borders with India. A Bangladeshi army commander operating in the Tracts once avowed the government's aim: “We Want the Soil but not the People of the Chittagong Hill Tracts.” A genocidal intention could not easily be more explicitly expressed.
An approach to the evaluation of ready reference collections
Authors: Muirhead Clark Juleigh , Cary Karen
Published: February 2008

Many traditional library practices are currently being re‐examined in response to the technological changes that are taking place in libraries. Additionally, pervasive budget reductions require the scrutiny of service patterns in an effort to find those that most efficiently and best serve the user. No area is more affected by these pressures than public services—both technology and budget restrictions are challenging traditional reference service. Asking why we do what we do in regard to the ready reference collection is a good place to start rethinking our libraries' practices.
Nuclear proliferation: A selective annotated bibliographic guide
Authors: Chapman Bert
Published: February 2008

The conclusion of the Cold War's U.S.‐Soviet superpower rivalry may have ended the threat of a global nuclear military confrontation involving these powers. It did not, however, result in the termination of international regional conflicts or of military threats to U.S. national security. The collapse of a world political and strategic system ostensibly polarized between two ideologically contrasting superpowers has resulted in the emergence of numerous threats to regional and global order.
The evolution and reaffirmation of a library orientation program in an academic research library
Authors: Du Mont Mary J. , Schloman Barbara F.
Published: February 2008

In 1981, James Rice proposed that there are three levels of library instruction: library orientation, library instruction, and bibliographic instruction. Library orientation provides an introduction for users to the physical library layout and selected resources and services. The more subtle objectives are to reduce user anxiety, motivate subsequent use, and promote the availability of helpful service. In Rice's model, the second level provides a more extensive explanation of specific library materials and the third is the offering of formal courses in bibliography.
Library instruction in the electronic library: The University of Arizona's electronic library education centers
Authors: Glogoff Stuart
Published: February 2008

Librarians at the University of Arizona (UA) actively contribute to the university's instructional process. A library skills program started in the mid‐1970s is required of all students taking freshman English. Course‐related instruction, integrated with many undergraduate classes, brings thousands of students into the library each year. In addition, librarians give seminars presenting online resources and software products of interest to faculty members.
Queuing theory and reference transactions
Authors: Terbille Charles
Published: February 2008

For the past ten years or so, librarians have been discussing the way reference service is provided, the most conspicuous recent installments being the “Re‐thinking Reference in Academic Libraries” conference and the widely publicized changes at Brandeis University. No one has heard every statement in this debate because it has been so extensive in time, space, and medium. Nevertheless, it seems safe to say that mathematical queuing theory has not played a significant role in it. At first, this lacuna is puzzling, since queuing problems are one of the fundamental types treated in operations research, which in “those thrilling days of yesteryear,” the fifties, sixties, and early seventies, was taught in some library and information science programs. By 1978 articles that applied the theory specifically to reference work appeared. Yet, the second edition of a text on operations research for librarians that appeared in 1991 says not a word about reference queues. Perhaps this theory has been neglected in recent discussions because it is usually applied to telephone calls or local area networks and other configurations of computers, while its use in analyzing queues of people in banks, supermarkets, and the like was passed over as too mundane. Perhaps, too, the failure of banks to take the theory to its logical limits in arranging the queues for bank tellers has led to caution.
Teaching writing and research as inseparable: A faculty‐librarian teaching team
Authors: Isbell Dennis , Broaddus Dorothy
Published: February 2008

Arizona State University (ASU) West is a new, upper division undergraduate and graduate campus serving western Maricopa County and metropolitan Phoenix. The students are typically working adults from the community who come from a variety of ethnic backgrounds. Most are drawn from the local community colleges, where they complete their first two years of college before entering ASU West.
Statistical sources on women: A critical evaluation
Authors: Krikos Linda A.
Published: February 2008

In a paper published in 1986, Helen B. Josephine and Deborah K. Blouin discuss four areas where new reference works in women's studies were needed: statistical sources, encyclopedias, yearbooks, and abstracting and indexing services. Using modified criteria outlined in Josephine's and Blouin's article, this article evaluates print statistical sources that specifically cover women and that were published in English during the 1990s. Evaluations discuss titles in terms of their inclusion of comparisons based on gender, age, race/ethnicity, and time period (historical) in both statistical material and indexing. Evaluations also mention the variety of sources cited, scope, and the presence or absence of introductory material, narrative highlights, bibliographies of sources, full citation for each statistic, and explanatory footnotes. Evaluation of the accuracy of the statistics themselves or the adequacy of statistical methodology is beyond the scope of this article.
Russian libraries, an indestructible part of national memory: A study guide for librarians
Authors: Spain Victoria
Published: February 2008

The Russian poet, Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilev (1886–1921), was arrested in 1921 on the false charge of conspiracy and was shot. The Soviet Union's existence ended as abruptly and unexpectedly as did Gumilev's. No major political structure in modern history has collapsed so rapidly. Left is the scarred memory of an enormously rich history. Libraries are the souls of memory. Russian libraries face an extremely important role as the skins of the past are shed for a new soul.
Appendix: Visit to three Russian libraries
Authors: Spain Victoria
Published: February 2008

During 15–25 July 1995, a trip was made to Russia by students and faculty members of the Hofstra University psychology department, as part of its exchange program with St. Petersburg State University. This program was first organized in 1990 by Howard Kassinove, chairperson of the psychology department at Hofstra, in conjunction with Alexander I. Yuriev, head of the Department of Political Psychology at St. Petersburg State University. Professor Sergey Tsytsarev and others assisted. This is the first such department in Russia, initiated by Yuriev “when the foundations of the totalitarian system started shaking…and lots of people were involved in political activities,” stated Albert A. Krylov, dean of the psychology department.
Resources in support of technology transfer: Revised and updated
Authors: Hanne Daniel , Zeller Martin
Published: February 2008

We used the preceding definition to introduce our original article on resources in technology transfer that appeared in the fall 1994 issue of this publication. The emphasis is on technology transfer as a process, a series of interconnected events along a spectrum, leading from the discovery of a technology with potential value conceived in one institution up through its ultimate use by another institution. Naturally the process is frequently not a smooth one. Obstacles arise at many points along the way. These include such problems as lack of funding (by either or both parties to the process), lack of a champion to promote the technology (again in either or both parties to the process), cultural barriers within organizations, including the “not invented here” syndrome, impatience on the part of management to see quick results when it may not be possible to produce them, and lack of good information upon which to base decisions about the discovery, acquisition, adaptation, and use of technology. Clearly the technology transfer process is often expensive, protracted, and difficult.
Art and architecture databases on the Internet
Authors: Prior Barbara Q.
Published: February 2008

Only recently have significant art and architecture Internet resources been made available. As a reference librarian in a fine arts library, I try to keep track of important resources for my patrons. Managing Internet resources is a challenge: Internet sites with images require high‐end computers and connections, and evaluating the quality of Internet resources is often more difficult and time‐consuming than evaluating print sources. Simply identifying potentially valuable resources amid all the flashy insubstantiality on the Internet is enervating.
Reference collection maintenance: Theory and (mal)practice
Authors: Majka David R.
Published: February 2008

Librarians have lavished years of scholarship on the subject of collection development. The rewarding process of organizing and building a relevant and competitive collection is one of librarianship's more rewarding jobs.
PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS
Authors: DUNSHEATH PERCY
Published: February 2008

My first words must be to express my thanks and appreciation of the honour you have done me in electing me as your President. It is a great privilege as well as a responsibility to hold the senior post in this world‐famous Association and I shall look forward to carrying out my duties to the best of my ability and in the best interests of Aslib.
THE LIBRARY OF THE ATOMIC ENERGY RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT
Authors: GOSSET M.
Published: February 2008

The library covers all fields of science and technology, including medicine, with particular emphasis on nuclear physics, radio‐chemistry and their applications. It is a reference and lending library for the scientific and technical staff of the establishment and two main libraries are being built up, one for reference and one for lending. As far as possible duplicate copies are obtained of all books. Where only one copy is available it goes in the reference library. The stock now is about 4,000 books, 250 current periodicals, 6,000 pamphlets and thousands of reports.
Case studies in censorship: William Faulkner's Sanctuary
Authors: Hong Loe Mary , Moore Robert R.
Published: February 2008

When William Faulkner sent off his manuscript of Sanctuary in 1929 to the publisher Cape and Smith, Harrison Smith responded, “Good God, I can't publish this. We'd both be in jail.” From its very inception, Sanctuary, Faulkner's shocking novel of a young co‐ed initiated through rape and murder into the criminal world of hoodlums, was controversial. When Smith sent Faulkner the galleys, the author decided to revise the manuscript. This revised version of Sanctuary, published in 1931, went on to become his most scandalous and, not coincidentally, his best selling work. While The Sound and the Fury and Light in August languished and went out of print, the horrific tale of Temple Drake and the gangster/thug, Popeye, generated sustained sales as well as a flurry of popular interest in the young writer from Mississippi.
2. THE INTERCHANGE OF TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS IN SHEFFIELD
Authors: LAMB J.P.
Published: February 2008

The idea which ultimately found expression in the creation of the Organization for the Interchange of Technical Publications in Sheffield was first suggested in a paper which I read to the 9th Annual Conference of ASLIB in 1932 on ‘The Public Library as an aid to industry and research’, in the course of which the following remarks were made:—
THE PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES' CONTRIBUTION: THE LIBRARY OF THE NORTH EAST COAST INSTITUTION
Authors: NICOL T.S.
Published: February 2008

This conference is, I understand, called primarily to advocate the search for and show means for methodizing the provision of technical information in industrial companies—the systematization of the answering of questions that arise in the conception, design, production and service of manufactured articles and materials. Three sources of such information have already been dealt with: the great public library, by Mr. Hinton—who, I am sure, would not lightly reject a challenge to provide literature—given that it exists—on any subject; an equally great, university library in which all branches of learning are represented; and the great works library, by Dr. Parke.
2. PUBLICITY IN THE KODAK RESEARCH LIBRARY
Authors: CHIBNALL B.
Published: February 2008

The Kodak Research Library is intended to serve the staff of the Research Laboratories in which it is established. This staff numbers about 70 to 80 graduates and about 100 or more other staff.
3. THE BEST USE OF LIBRARY STATISTICS
Authors: HANSON C.W.
Published: February 2008

AS officer in charge of an Information Department which incorporates a special library, I value and use any statistical data which can be employed to provide a guide to policy and an objective check of personal judgments; but I can speak on the subject only as an amateur since I am neither a librarian nor a statistician.
NEDERLANDS INSTITUUT VOOR DOCUMENTATIE EN REGISTRATUUR REPORT FOR 1949–50
Authors: VERHOEF IR. M.
Published: February 2008

During the last year the Netherlands Institute for Documentation and Filing (N.I.D.E.R.) was reorganized. The new statutes permit specialized sections to be established; the constantly growing Classification Committee will, therefore, become a section of NIDER.
A NEW LIBRARY TO SERVE MEDICAL RESEARCH
Authors: HARVEY MARY
Published: February 2008

As Mr. Ayrton will describe to you in a few minutes the architectural details of the New Library of the Medical Research Council at Mill Hill, I should like merely to point out some of its features particularly striking to a librarian.
THE MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL LIBRARY AT THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH, MILL HILL
Authors: AYRTON MAXWELL
Published: February 2008

The plans for new premises for the National Institute for Medical Research were commenced in July, 1937, and building operations began in 1938. The carcass was completed in 1942, when it was lent to the Admiralty, and works of conversion were undertaken for W.R.N.S. occupation, involving the housing of some 1,200, including staff.
MAGNETIC INDICATOR BOARD FOR SMALLER LIBRARIES
Authors: FARRADANE J.E.L.
Published: February 2008

In order to keep any library in good order it is essential to maintain an accurate record of the accessions of periodicals, of their positions on the shelves, when they are overdue, on loan, etc. For this purpose, records are usually maintained on some form of card index, consisting either of loose cards in a drawer or some form of visible card index, for example the well‐known Kardex System. The location of the journals is usually recorded separately; the loan of journals forms another system of records. Any form of card index, however, suffers from the disadvantage that it is not possible to extract more than two or three types of information variables at the same time. Thus the cards may be arranged in alphabetical order of the journal and on the face of the card will be indicated the date of accession of the journal; it will be necessary to use an auxiliary device, for example, a coloured tag, to indicate such further information as when the journal is overdue or is on loan, etc. Furthermore, even with a visible card system it is only one type of information, usually the journal title, which is visible without effort, and even this usually entails opening a drawer or a folder of some sort. In addition to such considerations, the difficulties encountered nowadays in regard to the postal services from abroad, not to mention political impediments, render it essential to know at the earliest moment when journals are due, or, rather overdue, in order that claims for them may be entered. A great deal of permanent information can be recorded in a card system, as, for example, described by Miss Jacobs, but the mixing of permanent and variable information leads to congestion, cramped records and possible confusion. Moreover, a comprehensive card index is suitable for use only by the library staff and not by readers to whom the variable information is, however, frequently valuable. Such readers require a system with easy inspection for ascertaining all types of current details. None of the usual recording systems is able to cope with the provision of all these types of information in a single, openly visible unit.
ABRIDGED METHODS FOR THE SPECIAL LIBRARY
Authors: TAYLOR L.
Published: February 2008

A full description is given of new methods of compilation of library records, which, it is claimed, satisfy all the major requirements of the special librarian and at the same time effect substantial economy in costs of operation.
PLANNING THE LIBRARY FOR THE USER
Authors: REED J.B.
Published: February 2008

May I begin by expressing my warm appreciation, first to Aslib for inviting me to this adventure, then to my Director General for encouraging me to accept it, and, finally, to my staff for helping me so much to prepare for it. For a chemist to address an Aslib conference on planning libraries is, indeed, nothing less than impudent! I learnt at an early age that most excursions in impudence are adventures.
WHAT IS AN INFORMATION OFFICER?
Authors: SIMONS ERIC N.
Published: February 2008

Let me say at once that I do not like the term ‘information officer’. We are so snobbish today that we cannot bear to be ‘rankers’, and this means that, whatever our jobs, we must put the word ‘officer’ after them, as though that took us out of the common horde of ordinary people, paid to work for their living. Some thirty‐odd years ago, when I first took up publicity, we were all called advertising managers; then that did not seem big enough for us, so we christened ourselves publicity managers. Now, I understand, we are public relations officers, and before I die I expect to sign myself Lord High Director of Information for the Public.
OPERATIONAL RESEARCH ON THE AUTHOR CATALOGUE
Authors: REED J.B.
Published: February 2008

Probably the least popular of all library tools are the catalogues and indexes—and yet they are easily the most important. Any legitimate complaint against the form or condition of these is quite a major challenge to all who seek to help the user. One common complaint by the user is that in many cases they are abominably labelled. An example of thoroughly bad labelling is given in Fig. 1. I have to confess that these were the indications on the drawers of the author catalogue in my own library some few months ago.
SETTING UP A TRANSLATIONS INDEX
Authors: BELLAMY JOHN G.F.
Published: February 2008

Translations of foreign technical papers are an important source of knowledge and it is natural that the idea of providing a key to this knowledge should be associated with Aslib. Such a key, in the form of an index to translations, had often been discussed since 1925, but it was not until after the Aslib Conference of 1942 that action was taken. A year later, an Aslib Memoranda and afterwards a questionnaire were sent to members asking for their views on the proposal to establish an index and inviting their co‐operation in building it up. The result was encouraging and cards containing bibliographical details of translations began to arrive at the Aslib office. The index was small and grew slowly, but it was the nucleus for the later and more ambitious scheme.
INFORMATION SERVICES AT WORK
Authors: BOODSON K.
Published: February 2008

In presenting this paper on ‘Information Services at Work’, I would like to stress that we are appealing very largely in this type of meeting to the younger members. While hoping that they will benefit by hearing of other people's experiences and methods, we still look to them for fresh ideas and even more for criticism of old ones. In due course these budding library assistants will have become blossomed and blown information officers and it will be too late; like us, they will then have become convinced that there is no better way of doing things than their own. You will notice that I have presumed a development from library assistant to information officer. The library must be the foundation on which the information service is built, and to my belief, a library training is essential to anyone in information work. In any case, it is obviously not possible to draw a rigid distinction between the library service and the information service, nor to say where the one begins and the other ends. There is only one thing to be stressed; that the guiding force, whatever the type of organization which is found, must be the requirements of the company, association or other concern served by the information unit. No theoretical ideals or rigid adherence in the application of library science should be allowed to jeopardize this prime consideration. One further introductory point. I have noticed that matters technical tend to dominate almost exclusively any discussion of the work of an information officer. This is perhaps natural enough, but I hope to suggest to you that there exists a much wider field of activity. Information services must be considered as covering the whole of the parent body's interests and not only those on the technological side.
TEXTILE TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
Authors: WITHERS J.C.
Published: February 2008

The textile Institute was founded in 1910 and granted a Royal Charter in 1925. The aims and objects stated in the Charter include: ‘To constitute an authority for the determination and recognition of technical and trade standards, usages, terms, definitions and the like for the textile industry.’
WHY ‘DOCUMENTATION’?
Authors: Ranganathan S.R.
Published: February 2008

In a letter to the International Federation for Documentation of 19th October, 1951, Sir Hilary Jenkinson, Deputy Keeper, Public Record Office, and Chairman of Directorate, National Register of Archives, made certain friendly criticisms of the scope of its work, to which Dr. Ranganathan makes the following reply:
THE GOVERNMENT LIBRARY—WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE LIBRARY OF THE SAFETY IN MINES RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT
Authors: SMITH E.B.
Published: February 2008

The libraries of Government departments are receiving increasing attention in professional literature, and informative papers have been published by Mr. A. Agard‐Evans (1948), Mr. D. W. King (1949), and Dr. A. J. Walford (1950). In this short paper I intend to refer briefly to the contribution of Government libraries to our national system of libraries and information services, and to describe some features of librarianship in a Government research library.