bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Brief History of NBIA Gene Discovery
Authors: Hayflick Susan J.
Published: April 2023

Neurodegenerative disorders associated with high basal ganglia iron are known by the overarching term of ‘NBIA’ disorders or ‘neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation’. Discovery of their individual genetic bases was greatly enabled by the collection of DNA and clinical data in just a few centers. With each discovery, the remaining idiopathic disorders could be further stratified by common clinical, radiographic or pathological features to enable the next hunt. This iterative process, along with strong and open collaborations, enabled the discoveries of PANK2, PLA2G6, C19orf12, FA2H, WDR45, and COASY gene mutations as underlying PKAN, PLAN, MPAN, FAHN, BPAN, and CoPAN, respectively. The era of Mendelian disease gene discovery is largely behind us, but the history of these discoveries for the NBIA disorders has not yet been told. A brief history is offered here.
The climate downturns in China caused by volcanic eruptions in 535–40 CE and by Thera (Santorini) at the founding of the Shang dynasty (1562 BCE)
Authors: Pankenier David W.
Published: April 2023

It is well known that ancient Chinese written records are an invaluable source of historical information on astronomy, technology, economy, and climate, dating back in some cases to the second millennium BCE. Numerous studies have established that the climatic consequences of the ejection of volcanic aerosols into the atmosphere can have a major impact on the climate worldwide. Here, the Chinese evidence of such a severe climatic anomaly during the decade of the 530s is first reviewed. A preponderance of the evidence from ice cores and tree rings worldwide points to more than one large volcanic eruption during the 530s, although which volcano was responsible has not yet been conclusively established. Even more severe than 1815, the “year without a summer,” due to the eruption of Tambora, in 536–537 summer frosts and snowfall occurred in China causing multi-year drought, crop failures, and catastrophic famine. Study of pre-imperial Chinese texts gives reason to believe that in mid-second millennium BCE a massive loading of the atmosphere with volcanic aerosols from the eruption of Thera (Santorini) may have been the cause of dramatic climatic downturn in the sixteenth century BCE. Dating of the events based on verifiable records of astronomical phenomena suggests that the long-remembered ancient calamity could have been caused by the eruption of Thera in the eastern Mediterranean. This benchmark date can be helpful in establishing a secure chronology of eastern Mediterranean kingdoms in the period.
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) in fecal samples: validation of the extraction methodology and stability in short-term storage conditions
Authors: Gomes Sandra F. , Melo Francisco Jorge , Silva Rita , Santiago Mafalda , Estevinho Maria Manuela , Dias Sandra , Dias Cláudia Camila , Magro Fernando
Published: April 2023

Objectives

This study assesses the clinical relevance of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) membrane exopeptidase as a biomarker of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A spike-and-recovery approach of DPP4 in fecal samples was used to compare two different methods for protein extraction, followed by a stability assessment.

Methods

Fecal samples of healthy volunteers spiked with known concentrations of recombinant DPP4 were processed using a standard manual extraction protocol and the CALEX® protocol. The two methods were compared by quantification of fecal DPP4 by ELISA, followed by Bland-Altman analysis. For the stability assays DPP4 was extracted from fecal samples and stored under different conditions of temperature and time after collection.

Results

In general, the levels of spiked DPP4 in stool samples were lower with the manual protocol than in those obtained with the CALEX® method; this trend was corroborated by Bland-Altman analysis. Nonetheless, variability was within the acceptable limits for both protocols. In the stability assessment, no statistically significant differences were found between the results obtained under the different storage conditions.

Conclusions

Both manual and CALEX® protocols provided equal extraction ability of DPP4 from stool samples. In addition, DPP4 provided flexibility in terms of sample storage enabling the accurate assessment of samples delivered up to a week before analysis.
An accurate method for parameter estimation of proton exchange membrane fuel cell using Dandelion optimizer
Authors: Mujeer Syed Abdul , Chandrasekhar Yammani , Kumari Matam Sailaja , Salkuti Surender Reddy
Published: April 2023

The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) has found widespread use for regulated output voltage applications because of its quick response time and mobility. A different form of hydrogen is employed in fuel cell-based electric vehicles for smart transportation for the reduction of global warming and the development of smart cities. To properly manage the operation of Fuel Cells (FCs), there is a need for accurate modeling. One of the most common challenges is finding the exact values of unknown parameters in the PEMFC. In the current study, a new method called Dandelion Optimizer (DO) is used for parameter identification. DO is used to estimate the parameters of the PEMFC based on Current-Voltage (I-V) characteristics. The Ballard Mark V and BCS 500-W PEMFC stacks use the DO method to identify unknown parameters. The performance of the DO algorithm is compared to that of other optimization techniques and the Sum of Squared Errors (SSE) is used to represent the objective function of the current optimization problem. In contrast to traditional and other efficient techniques, the simulation results proposed by the DO algorithm have excellent accuracy in extracting the PEMFC optimal parameters.
Chronotope, technology affordances, and task design: using WeChat to facilitate Chinese learning in the classroom
Authors: Wang Xuan
Published: April 2023

This paper makes a case for the Bakhtinian concept of “chronotope” in explaining the space–time affordances of technology in second language pedagogy. It examines the production of space–time that intersects online/offline, formal/informal and local/translocal activities in task-based language teaching. Drawing on an example of instructional design using WeChat to facilitate the learning of business Chinese, this paper illustrates that the chronotopic affordances of mobile apps such as WeChat, when creatively integrated with task-based language pedagogy, can significantly expand the learning mobility and opportunities defined by the classroom in its traditional sense. This chronotopic expansion enables learners to be positioned in digitally mediated and simulated scenarios and roles that transcend the space–time of the classroom, closely resembling real-world communication in the globalising world. It is suggested that language task design, taking into account the chronotopic affordances of technology, can facilitate authentic and networked space–time of learning by embedding it in mobile, hybrid, individualised and collaborative contexts. The chronotope concept helps us not only critically understand the complexity of mobile-assisted language learning but also theoretically reimagine the classroom chronotopes and the roles, relationships and processes of learning in an increasingly technology-based knowledge economy in post-pandemic education.
Cooperativity in molecular recognition of feet-to-feet-connected biscavitands
Authors: Haino Takeharu
Published: April 2023

Octaphosphonate biscavitand and self-folding deep biscavitand show strong positive and negative cooperativity, respectively. The mechanism of the cooperativity is discussed in terms of thermodynamic parameters and the detailed structure of the host-guest complexes. The two cavitand units of both biscavitands are tightly connected via four butylene linkers; thus, they are conformationally coupled, with the first guest binding information transferred to the resting-state cavities. This preorganization modulates the successive guest binding process in strong positive and negative cooperative manners, even though they display structural similarity. The first guest complexation always preorganizes the resting-state cavities where an existing water cluster and a toluene molecule are enthalpically stabilized. Successive guest complexation competes with the water cluster or a toluene molecule, reducing enthalpy gains. However, the desolvation upon successive guest binding processes liberate the solvents within the resting-state cavities. The water cluster is composed of 12 water molecules that are released upon successive guest complexation, resulting in a large entropy benefit. In contrast, toluene desolvation results in a limited entropy benefit. The difference in entropy benefits directs the strong positive or negative cooperativity of the structurally similar biscavitands.
Reactivity of electrophilic cyclopropanes
Authors: Eitzinger Andreas , Ofial Armin R.
Published: April 2023

Cyclopropanes that carry an electron-accepting group react as electrophiles in polar, ring-opening reactions. Analogous reactions at cyclopropanes with additional C2 substituents allow one to access difunctionalized products. Consequently, functionalized cyclopropanes are frequently used building blocks in organic synthesis. The polarization of the C1–C2 bond in 1-acceptor-2-donor-substituted cyclopropanes not only favorably enhances reactivity toward nucleophiles but also directs the nucleophilic attack toward the already substituted C2 position. Monitoring the kinetics of non-catalytic ring-opening reactions with a series of thiophenolates and other strong nucleophiles, such as azide ions, in DMSO provided the inherent SN2 reactivity of electrophilic cyclopropanes. The experimentally determined second-order rate constants k
2 for cyclopropane ring-opening reactions were then compared to those of related Michael additions. Interestingly, cyclopropanes with aryl substituents at the C2 position reacted faster than their unsubstituted analogues. Variation of the electronic properties of the aryl groups at C2 gave rise to parabolic Hammett relationships.
Evaluation of phytochemicals and amino acid profiles of four vegetables grown on a glyphosate contaminated soil in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Adesanya Enitan Omobolanle , Adesanya Olumide Olatunde , Egieyeh Samuel Ayodele
Published: April 2023

Green vegetables are examples of staple plants eating in Nigeria, and are assumed to be a well-off basis of phytochemicals and amino acids that are useful for the management and prevention of infections. However, in the farming of these vegetables, glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH (round up™)) are used as control against pests invasions which has cause reasons to be concern about their effects on the phyto-constituents present in these vegetables. In this study, we evaluated the phytochemicals constituents and amino acid profile of the leaves of Telfairia occidentalis Hook F, Amaranthus viridis Linn, Celosia argentea Linn and Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) I. M. Johnst popular edible vegetables in Southwestern Nigeria. The vegetables seeds of these plants mentioned above were acquired from Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IAR&T) Ibadan. And on a land designed and previously treated with a GBH (round up™) the seeds were planted and allowed to grow. A destructive method of leaves after maturation was achieved by out rightly plucking them out and air-drying under shade. Phytochemical assessments were done on milled plant samples to determine the presence of ten phyto-constituents. Centrifugation of powdered samples (2 g each) with acetonitrile at 1000 rotations per minute’s (rpm) was used to extract amino acids. Thereafter the extracts were individually spotted on a thin layer chromatography (TLC) plate and developed using the mobile phase consisting of methanol: acetic acid: water in ratio 7:2:1 v/v. The visualization for the presence of amino acids was completed by spraying the developed chromatographic plates with 0.5% ninhydrin in 2-propanol solution and observed in both day light and under the ultraviolet lamp and the retention factor (R

f
).calculated for the different spots developed to determine the type of amino acids present. The assessment of phytochemicals from the four vegetables reveals the presence of alkaloids, tannins and steroids in all samples while anthraquinone glycosides, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides were absent and other phytochemicals varying in them. Ssaponins was found absent in Telfairia occidentalis and flavonoids in Cnidoscolus aconitifolius respectively. The observation of the TLC plates in daylight shows that the vegetables likely contained primary, secondary and proline amino acids while the calculation of the R

f
values of the TLC spots observed under an ultraviolet (UV) light indicated that amino acids found in the vegetables were methionine, tyrosine, leucine, isoleucine. However, phenylalanine was found only in Celosia argentea. The study evaluated phytochemicals and amino acids parameters in four leafy vegetables grown on contaminated glyphosate based herbicide soil and assessments shows that their medicinal properties were not altered with the minimal exposure to contaminant.
MULHERES NEGRAS E SAÚDE MENTAL
Authors: Costa Rodrigues Viviane , Helena Lima Nunes Georgina
Published: April 2023

Este artigo é parte de uma pesquisa de doutoramento em Educação no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação pela Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Ao investigar de que forma o racismo institucional impacta sobre o tratamento do adoecimento mental de mulheres negras no âmbito dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) no município de Pelotas/RS, está sendo realizada uma abordagem metodológica de cunho qualitativo através de uma pesquisa participante, alinhada ao prisma de um trabalho que se projeta na ação coletiva e na dinâmica da atuação social. No qual, a pesquisadora irá propor aos/às participantes, arte-educadores/as e mulheres negras, respectivamente, trabalhadores/as dos serviços e usuárias/os, tonificarem um debate imperativo ante as relações sociais em que todos/as estão envolvidos. Tendo em vista, o racismo institucional praticado em serviços de saúde no âmbito do SUS estar incorporado na rotina de trabalho como uma prática respaldada por uma ideologia racista de cunho cultural e social. Interessa-nos ampliar a discussão sobre raça e gênero no contexto de saúde mental para compreender como tais categorias subalternizam as mulheres negras nesses espaços. Apesar de estarem na intersecção de múltiplas opressões, reforçamos que essas mulheres demonstram um ativismo histórico quanto à atuação social, política e intelectual moldadas por suas experiências e saberes compartilhados na coletividade, mas que não podem ser essencializados para que elas não sejam negligenciadas pela superficialidade e inferioridade, impostas pelo patriarcado. E para que possam requisitar seus direitos a partir de sua participação na formação social do Brasil é imprescindível considerá-las na sua pluralidade. Portanto, compreende-se que discutir o racismo em suas diferentes configurações, pela perspectiva de uma prática antirracista no campo da saúde, poderá produzir um amplo debate sobre as desigualdades sociorraciais também no âmbito acadêmico.
CONVERSAÇÕES ATREVIVIDAS POR MULHERES PRETAS
Authors: Alves Míriam Cristiane , Sant'anna Junior Ademiel , Izidoro Pinto Cecília Maria
Published: April 2023

O presente ensaio tem como objetivo problematizar a construção de uma Clínica Política Feminista Antirracista a partir da enunciação de conversações escrevividas e atrevividas em oralitura por mulheres pretas amefricanas, docentes universitárias, na cena da COVID-19. Apostamos na trama, na trança, no entrelaçamento de conceitos como conversação, escrevivência, atrevivência e oralitura enquanto gestos-conceitos-metodológicos tanto para a construção teórica do ensaio, quanto para inscrever pistas de uma Clínica Política Feminista Antirracista. As conversações escrevividas e atrevividas em oralitura partem de narrativas de duas mulheres pretas que responderam ao questionário on-line de uma pesquisa maior. Tais narrativas foram ficcionadas, friccionadas e performadas em cenas que operam na tensão entre imaginários racistas e sexistas universalizantes e na criação de novos imaginários sobre a existencialidade de mulheres pretas amefricanas, docentes universitárias. Um futuro indizível está à frente de cada mulher, no entanto, sabem que não estão sozinhas. O que é produzido no coletivo - no quilombo virtual -, reverbera na casa, no trabalho e as pessoas vão reagindo às emergências. Nas experiências da vida cotidiana, com todas as suas dúvidas, preocupações, medos, histórias, amores e afetos, mulheres pretas amefricanas transitam e em conversação transformam em palavras, em poesia, em linguagem, em ideias, em revolução seus devires. Seria esta uma pista para uma Clínica Política Feminista Antirracista?
From Prediction to Action: Dissociable Roles of Ventral Tegmental Area and Substantia Nigra Dopamine Neurons in Instrumental Reinforcement
Authors: Fraser Kurt M. , Pribut Heather J. , Janak Patricia H. , Keiflin Ronald
Published: April 2023

Reward seeking requires the coordination of motor programs to achieve goals. Midbrain dopamine neurons are critical for reinforcement, and their activation is sufficient for learning about cues, actions, and outcomes. Here we examine in detail the mechanisms underlying the ability of ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra (SNc) dopamine neurons to support instrumental learning. By exploiting numerous behavioral tasks in combination with time-limited optogenetic manipulations in male and female rats, we reveal that VTA and SNc dopamine neurons generate reinforcement through separable psychological processes. VTA dopamine neurons imbue actions and their associated cues with motivational value that allows flexible and persistent pursuit, whereas SNc dopamine neurons support time-limited, precise, action-specific learning that is nonscalable and inflexible. This architecture is reminiscent of actor–critic reinforcement learning models with VTA and SNc instructing the critic and actor, respectively. Our findings indicate that heterogeneous dopamine systems support unique forms of instrumental learning that ultimately result in disparate reward-seeking strategies.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDopamine neurons in the midbrain are essential for learning, motivation, and movement. Here we describe in detail the ability of VTA and SNc dopamine neurons to generate instrumental reinforcement, a process where an agent learns about actions they can emit to earn reward. While rats will avidly work and learn to respond for activation of VTA and SNc dopamine neurons, we find that only VTA dopamine neurons imbue actions and their associated cues with motivational value that spur continued pursuit of reward. Our data support a hypothesis that VTA and SNc dopamine neurons engage distinct psychological processes that have consequences for our understanding of these neurons in health and disease.
The SphK1/S1P Axis Regulates Synaptic Vesicle Endocytosis via TRPC5 Channels
Authors: Jiang Zhong-Jiao , Gong Liang-Wei
Published: April 2023

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive sphingolipid concentrated in the brain, is essential for normal brain functions, such as learning and memory and feeding behaviors. Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), the primary kinase responsible for S1P production in the brain, is abundant within presynaptic terminals, indicating a potential role of the SphK1/S1P axis in presynaptic physiology. Altered S1P levels have been highlighted in many neurologic diseases with endocytic malfunctions. However, it remains unknown whether the SphK1/S1P axis may regulate synaptic vesicle endocytosis in neurons. The present study evaluates potential functions of the SphK1/S1P axis in synaptic vesicle endocytosis by determining effects of a dominant negative catalytically inactive SphK1. Our data for the first time identify a critical role of the SphK1/S1P axis in endocytosis in both neuroendocrine chromaffin cells and neurons from mice of both sexes. Furthermore, our Ca2+imaging data indicate that the SphK1/S1P axis may be important for presynaptic Ca2+increases during prolonged stimulations by regulating the Ca2+permeable TRPC5 channels, which per se regulate synaptic vesicle endocytosis. Collectively, our data point out a critical role of the regulation of TRPC5 by the SphK1/S1P axis in synaptic vesicle endocytosis.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), the primary kinase responsible for brain sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) production, is abundant within presynaptic terminals. Altered SphK1/S1P metabolisms has been highlighted in many neurologic disorders with defective synaptic vesicle endocytosis. However, whether the SphK1/S1P axis may regulate synaptic vesicle endocytosis is unknown. Here, we identify that the SphK1/S1P axis regulates the kinetics of synaptic vesicle endocytosis in neurons, in addition to controlling fission-pore duration during single vesicle endocytosis in neuroendocrine chromaffin cells. The regulation of the SphK1/S1P axis in synaptic vesicle endocytosis is specific since it has a distinguished signaling pathway, which involves regulation of Ca2+influx via TRPC5 channels. This discovery may provide novel mechanistic implications for the SphK1/S1P axis in brain functions under physiological and pathologic conditions.
Anticipation of Appetitive Operant Action Induces Sustained Dopamine Release in the Nucleus Accumbens
Authors: Goedhoop Jessica , Arbab Tara , Willuhn Ingo
Published: April 2023

The mesolimbic dopamine system is implicated in signaling reward-related information as well as in actions that generate rewarding outcomes. These implications are commonly investigated in either pavlovian or operant reinforcement paradigms, where only the latter requires instrumental action. To parse contributions of reward- and action-related information to dopamine signals, we directly compared the two paradigms: male rats underwent either pavlovian or operant conditioning while dopamine release was measured in the nucleus accumbens, a brain region central for processing this information. Task conditions were identical with the exception of the operant-lever response requirement. Rats in both groups released the same quantity of dopamine at the onset of the reward-predictive cue. However, only the operant-conditioning group showed a subsequent, sustained plateau in dopamine concentration throughout the entire 5 s cue presentation (preceding the required action). This dopamine ramp was unaffected by probabilistic reward delivery, occurred exclusively before operant actions, and was not related to task performance or task acquisition as it persisted throughout the 2 week daily behavioral training. Instead, the ramp flexibly increased in duration with longer cue presentation, seemingly modulating the initial cue-onset-triggered dopamine release, that is, the reward prediction error (RPE) signal, as both signal amplitude and sustainment diminished when reward timing was made more predictable. Thus, our findings suggest that RPE and action components of dopamine release can be differentiated temporally into phasic and ramping/sustained signals, respectively, where the latter depends on the former and presumably reflects the anticipation or incentivization of appetitive action, conceptually akin to motivation.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIt is unclear whether the components of dopamine signals that are related to reward-associated information and reward-driven approach behavior can be separated. Most studies investigating the dopamine system use either pavlovian or operant conditioning, which both involve the delivery of reward and necessitate appetitive approach behavior. Thus, used exclusively, neither paradigm can disentangle the contributions of these components to dopamine release. However, by combining both paradigms in the same study, we find that anticipation of a reward-driven operant action induces a modulation of reward-prediction-associated dopamine release, producing so-called dopamine ramps. Therefore, our findings provide new insight into dopamine ramps and suggest that dopamine signals integrate reward and appetitive action in a temporally distinguishable, yet dependent, manner.
Exploring genetic loci of type 2 diabetes and cancer: a review
Authors: Endicott Molly , Thirlwell Chrissie , Webster Amy P
Published: April 2023

Diabetes and cancer are two heterogenous diseases which are rapidly increasing in prevalence globally. A link between these two non-communicable diseases was first identified over 100 years ago; however, recent epidemiological studies and advances in genomic research have provided greater insight into the association between diabetes and cancer. Epidemiological studies have suggested that individuals with diabetes have an increased risk of several types of cancer (including liver, pancreas, colorectal, breast, and endometrial) and an increased risk of cancer mortality. However, this increased risk is not observed in all cancers, for example, there is a reduced risk of prostate cancer in individuals with diabetes. It has also been observed that cancer patients have an increased risk of developing diabetes, highlighting that the relationship between these diseases is not straightforward. Evidence of a shared genetic aetiology along with numerous lifestyle and clinical factors have made it challenging to establish if the relationship between the two diseases is causal or a result of confounding factors. This review takes a pan-cancer approach to highlight the complexities of the interactions between type 2 diabetes and cancer development, indicating where advances in genomic research have enabled a greater insight into these two diseases.
Relaciones comerciales entre Paraguay y la Unión Europea: Efectos del Sistema Generalizado de Preferencias Plus (1999-2018)
Authors: Cáceres-Benítez Marcos David , Cabral-López María Antonella
Published: April 2023

This research aims to determine the effects of the Generalized System of Preferences Plus (GSP+) in the relations between Paraguay and the European Union (EU) from 1999-2018. The methodology followed was bibliographic-documentary research, with a quantitative approach. The main results indicate that, compared  to the generalized preference schemes, the EU GSP + showed excellent results. In addition, trade relations during the validity of the system in question had a substantial increase, in terms of the level and diversification of exports. Likewise, the coefficient estimated in the model to show the effect of SGP+ was positive and its magnitude was the highest of the variables analyzed in the model.
Poder y Relaciones Internacionales: la dimensión cooperativa
Authors: Miranda-Delgado Rafael Gustavo
Published: April 2023

Power has been the engine of international relations and is the key concept for its study. The Realist and Neo-Realist schools have been the dominant ones in the discipline of International Relations and have understood the power in an exclusively conflictual way. Therefore, the aim of this article is to analyze the cooperative dimension of power conceptually and empirically. The article states that the contemporary Global Order is distinguished by being more plural in terms of agents and issues. Then, to understand this diversity, a broader concept of power is needed, which includes its cooperative dimension.
Reseña del libro. Nudos críticos sobre la desigualdad de género
Authors: Mora-Castillo Laura Lucrecia
Published: April 2023

The situation of women in Latin America and the Caribbean has experienced changes representing fundamental advances in their lives. These transformations occur in the context of historical, social, economic, political, and military emancipatory processes restructuring the patriarchal system. Despite the historical efforts, the structural and heterogeneous inequalities that women face  persist in the region. Therefore, the Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales (CLACSO), with the joint effort of researchers within the region presented, in 2022, the book "Nudos críticos sobre la desigualdad de género". Thus, this review aims to critically analyze the main ideas in this book.
Puntajes VII
Authors: Bersusky Ernesto , Arzac Ulla Ignacio , Loterzo Lidia Gabriela , Ricciardi Guillermo , Zanotti Gerardo , Masquijo Julio Javier
Published: April 2023

El Comité Editorial quiere brindar a sus lectores una actualización de las escalas de uso corriente. El empleo de tablas y escalas es una práctica muy extendida en la Ortopedia y Traumatología. La medición y la cuantificación de los aspectos clínicos, funcionales y radiográficos se convirtieron en una herramienta imprescindible para la toma de decisiones en diferentes aspectos de la actividad asistencial. Llevamos a cabo una revisión de las escalas más utilizadas, definiendo su uso e incluyendo bibliografía original y actualizada.
Racial Residential Segregation and the Health of Black Youth With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Ellis Deborah A. , Cutchin Malcolm P. , Carcone April Idalski , Evans Meredyth , Weissberg-Benchell Jill , Buggs-Saxton Colleen , Boucher-Berry Claudia , Miller Jennifer L. , Drossos Tina , Dekelbab M. Bassem , Worley Jessica
Published: April 2023

Objectives

Black youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at heightened risk for suboptimal glycemic control. Studies of neighborhood effects on the health of youth with T1D are limited. The current study investigated the effects of racial residential segregation on the diabetes health of young Black adolescents with T1D.

Methods

A total of 148 participants were recruited from 7 pediatric diabetes clinics in 2 US cities. Racial residential segregation (RRS) was calculated at the census block group level based on US Census data. Diabetes management was measured via self-report questionnaire. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) information was gathered from participants during home-based data collection. Hierarchical linear regression was used to test the effects of RRS while controlling for family income, youth age, insulin delivery method (insulin pump versus syringe therapy), and neighborhood adversity.

Results

HbA1c was significantly associated with RRS in bivariate analyses, whereas youth-reported diabetes management was not. In hierarchical regression analyses, whereas family income, age, and insulin delivery method were all significantly associated with HbA1c in model 1, only RRS, age, and insulin delivery method were significantly associated with HbA1c in model 2. Model 2 explained 25% of the variance in HbA1c (P = .001).

Conclusions

RRS was associated with glycemic control in a sample of Black youth with T1D and accounted for variance in HbA1c even after controlling for adverse neighborhood conditions. Policies to reduce residential segregation, along with improved screening for neighborhood-level risk, hold the potential to improve the health of a vulnerable population of youth.
Preparation of ground sections using UV-curable acrylic adhesives
Authors: Dobrovolsky S.
Published: April 2023

Study of ground sections is the most used and, in some respects, still irreplaceable method for examination the microstructure of paleontological and many other hard and friable objects. At the same time, paleontological samples are relatively difficult for preparations of high-quality thin sections. Many techniques and means, particularly embedding media, have been proposed, but they are often hardly accessible, imperfect or insufficiently studied. A promising and easily accessible non-specialized medium, UV-curable acrylic adhesive (glue for glass) was tested for embedding and mounting of objects with diverse mechanical and optical properties. It shows notably good results, in particular durability, reliable adhesion, ease of use and lack of significant birefringence, which makes it especially valuable for polarized light microscopy. Properties of such adhesives are reviewed and compared with properties of epoxy resins and a number of other media. Disadvantages of the adhesives and ways to deal with them are also elucidated. In addition, broadly accessible tools and methods of sawing, embedding, grinding, mounting and other stages of the work are discussed. Efficiency of a number of grinding agents is measured. On the basis of all these results, a technique of making ground sections using easily accessible means was developed and described step by step. The technique was designed for fossil bones, but is applicable to diverse dry samples, including paleontological, neontological and geological ones.
Taxonomy, Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Thymus Saturejoides: A Review
Authors: Chaachouay N. , Azeroual A. , Zidane L.
Published: April 2023

Thymus saturejoides is an endemic species of the Lamiaceae family, native to Morocco and Algeria with a restricted distribution to the High Atlas, Middle Atlas, Anti-Atlas, Middle Atlantic Morocco, and the Saharan Atlas regions of Morocco, and the Aures Mountains in Algeria. This research focused on taxonomy, ethnobotany, chemical compounds, and biological and pharmacological actions of T. saturejoides. Folk medicine has documented continued use of this plant species. The review summarises the scientific literature and experimental research from the databases including Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, ResearchGate, Academia.edu, PubMed, and PubFacts. Finally, we have provided a complete document on ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and biological properties fields of T. saturejoides.
Taxa of Vascular Plants Endemic to the Pannonicum Floristic Region
Authors: Riezing N.
Published: April 2023

Following the work of Tatár (1939), no new revised and detailed list was made of endemic plants of the Pannonicum phytogeographical region, which takes into account the latest research results. A survey of vascular plants endemic and subendemic to the Pannonicum is presented here based on a critical revision of published and sometimes unpublished data on contemporary taxonomic and chorological knowledge. For this, it was necessary to review the delineation of Pannonicum and the problem of drawing the boundaries. I would also like to draw the attention to the Pannonian flora islands outside the Carpathians, which descend along the sandy alluvium of the Danube. The research covers 11 countries: Austria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia and a small part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Ukraine and Bulgaria (flora islands). The final evaluation of endemic status was made for 225 taxa of vascular plants, including 143 taxa confirmed as endemic or subendemic to the Pannonicum, 5 narrowly distributed taxa shared endemic of the Pannonicum and western part of the Carpaticum and 77 taxa are not endemic according to current taxonomic and phytogeographical knowledge (the list does not include hybrids). The final list of endemic and subendemic taxa includes 42 species, 29 subspecies and 73 apomictic species (including 47 taxa of Sorbus and 23 taxa of Taraxacum). Tatár mentions 55 taxa (without apomicts) of which only 29 (53%) are still considered endemic today. In terms of habitat preferences for (sub)endemic taxa most plants (excluding apomictic taxa) occur in rocky or sandy habitats.
New armored scale insect (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae) species to Hungary on imported tropical fruits
Authors: Szita Éva , Fetykó Kinga Gabriela , Gerő Kornél , Magyari-Meskó Réka , Kaydan Mehmet Bora
Published: April 2023

Scale insect (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) fauna on imported tropical and subtropical fruits collected between 2013 and 2021 was investigated. The study revealed two armored scale insect (Diaspididae) species new to the fauna of Hungary (namely Aonidiella citrina (Coquillett) and Lepidosaphes pinnaeformis (Bouché)). Number of species of the Hungarian scale insect fauna increased to 279, while number of species collected on imported tropical and subtropical fruits changed to 16.
Pengaruh Muhasabah terhadap Self Control di Fase Dewasa Awal (Studi Kasus pada Mahasiswa Angkatan 2017 Jurusan Tasawuf dan Psikoterapi UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung)
Authors: Istiqomah Naufal Nurfajri , Setiawan Cucu , Rismanto Firman
Published: April 2023

AbstractHuman development is not limited to developing physically, but the development of a human being includes physical, psychological, responsibility and many others. A person will grow or develop starting from an early age covering the childhood phase, continuing to the adolescent phase, early adult phase, late adult phase and ending in the elderly phase. The early adult phase is a period of transition from the adolescent phase to the adult phase, in this phase a person is faced with adjusting to a new lifestyle by playing a new role. The need for muhasabah as a concept to deal with this new role by using the role of self-control as a way of controlling oneself in making a decision, attitude and assessment of something it faces. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of reflection on the 2017 Sufism and Psychotherapy Class at UIN Bandung by explaining an overview of the reflections carried out, and explaining whether there is an effect on self-control in the early adult phase. This study uses a descriptive quantitative method approach using a questionnaire as a research tool and data collection, the data is processed using SPSS 26.0 and also data sources from the 2017 Sufism and Psychotherapy Class of 183 people taken 20% of the total population to 36 people. Based on the data that has been processed, the level of muhasabah and self-control in the early adult phase is in the medium category with a percentage of 62% for muhasabah and 70%. And the results of simple linear regression data analysis showed that the value of Sig. 0.830 means that there is no effect of muhasabah on self control in the early adult phase.
Cyborgs dan Perempuan Menurut Pandangan Posthumanisme Donna J. Haraway
Authors: Putra Bagas Dwika , Hambali Radea Yuli Ahmad
Published: April 2023

There is a need to re-question the human condition today, and technology changes the history of human civilization and social development, so that the "condition" of Posthumanism and cyborgs is one of them. The vision of 'post-gender' cyborgs has sparked feminist interest in reclaiming technology as a tool of liberation, whose identity has always been biologically identical, but cyborgs view this differently. Because of cyborgs, women are able to create their own identity, and create a more ideal reality for women. This research uses qualitative methods and literature study approach. The data used in this study are primary data in the form of the work of Donna J. Haraway and secondary data in the form of books and journals related to the discussion of this research. The conclusion of this study is that women should use technology as a tool for liberation and as a "former" of non-biological identity.
Sobre la relación entre la responsabilidad moral y la identidad personal: Un argumento a favor de las teorías cuatridimensionalistas
Authors: Muñoz-Corcuera Alfonso
Published: April 2023

La intuición de que uno sólo puede ser responsable de sus propios actos es extraordinariamente fuerte y parece establecer un vínculo entre la identidad personal y la responsabilidad moral. Las teorías neo-lockeanas de la identidad personal obtienen parte de su atractivo por su capacidad para dar cuenta de dicho vínculo. En este artículo analizo cómo el problema de la duplicación para las teorías neo-lockeanas afecta a su capacidad para dar cuenta del vínculo entre la identidad personal y la responsabilidad moral. Concluyo que, dentro de un marco neo-lockeano, las teorías cuatridimensionalistas son las que mejor pueden dar cuenta de dicho vínculo.
La «extraña doctrina» de Locke y la génesis del iusnaturalismo utópico de Robert Nozick
Authors: Schwember Felipe
Published: April 2023

El presente artículo examina la recepción que Nozick hace de la doctrina de Locke del castigo. Dicha doctrina le permite desactivar varias razones que se ofrecen en favor del contrato social y tratar el derecho natural como un sistema normativo autosuficiente. Con todo ello, Nozick llega a formular un iusnaturalismo que cabe calificar de “utópico”, en la medida en que permitiría, al mismo tiempo, la coacción legítima y la preservación de la libertad natural.
Taylor and Heidegger’s Critiques of the Projectionist Account of Values and Its Underlying Naturalistic Ontology
Authors: Seol Min
Published: April 2023

In Sources of the Self, Charles Taylor critiques the projectionist account of values and its underlying naturalistic ontology. Likewise, in Being and Time, Martin Heidegger demonstrates that the strata theoretical explanation of practical things invested with values does not adequately describe our experience of them. I aim to demonstrate that if we read these criticisms together, we find ourselves in a better position to reveal the reality of a practical and ethical life. Taylor himself raises the question of what we are committed ontologically in our ethical commitments, but does not develop an answer. Heidegger’s ontological notion of the world in Being and Time could provide a partial answer.
Integrating generative design and topology optimisation with product design values
Authors: Nemme Anton , Walden Roderick
Published: April 2023

Advances in computer technology and software increasingly encourage the usage of CAD tools for designing forms that algorithmically manipulate ‘structural’ and ‘surface’ features. These sophisticated new computational processes, broadly known as ‘generative design’ and ‘topology optimisation’, are very likely to become a regular part of the product design process for many types of products. A core value of design practice is the development of intuition and iterative skills to explore the technical and experiential performance of design concepts through sketching, model making, and prototyping. Identifying ways to integrate ‘generative design’ and ‘topology optimisation’ CAD processes with ‘making’ as a core value in product design concept development is a significant challenge - particularly for design education. A related concern is that ‘topology optimisation’ can generate structurally optimised parts for the amount and type of material used, which essentially determines the fabrication method. Often these parts in their raw form can only be made using 3D printing technologies, though they can (and often need to) be ‘styled’ or modified. Therefore, the relationship to 3D printing and its limitations as an end-part manufacturing technology must be critically tested as part of the design process. The practice-led research presented includes a case study of the design of a mountain bike (MTB) crank arm developed using an integrated design process that incorporates a series of ‘topology optimisation’ simulations. The authors undertook the project to inform the design of a new ‘generative design’ and ‘topology optimisation’ studio-based subject to be offered to second and third-year product design students at the University of Technology Sydney. The research proposes a form of integrated design practice that values ‘making’ iteratively, and the advancing CAD-based ‘generative design’ and ‘topology optimisation’ tools to responsibly support experiential learning in product design, manufacturing and engineering.
The potential of involving communities to enhance STEM education
Authors: Mildenhall Paula , Cowie Bronwen
Published: April 2023

By engaging students in everyday issues and events STEM education can contribute to the development of citizens who are equipped to make the world a better place. However, students’ STEM learning with this focus requires teachers to identify age and context appropriate issues. Student investigation of local issues and events can be motivating for students. Their learning can benefit from involvement with community members who input their knowledge and ideas. Students can contribute ideas and actions to the community, especially when there is a two-way exchange of information from the community to students and students to the community. In this paper we illustrate these ideas with examples from Australian and New Zealand classrooms.
POLÍTICAS DE CURRÍCULO PARA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES
Authors: Costa Hugo Heleno Camilo
Published: April 2023

Este artigo focaliza uma reflexão sobre como o nome conhecimento, mesmo sob intensas e distintas críticas no campo do currículo, tende a ser reafirmado como propriedade capaz de constituir subjetividades plenas, um sujeito professor dotado de determinada capacidade de fazer coisas em uma escola/mundo prometido. Problematiza o conhecimento defendido na política como aquilo desconhecido a ser apropriado por aquele que antes não era, para que passe a ser, torne-se o sujeito desejado por uma expectativa de estrutura/controle. Para abordar um cenário possível de afirmações sobre relações entre o conhecimento na formação de professores, lança mão de contribuições da teoria do discurso, de Ernesto Laclau, e do pensamento da desconstrução, de Jacques Derrida. Com estes autores, tomo como principal aporte a ideia de subjetivação para pensar a projeção de subjetividades políticas em que se constituem hegemonias no campo do currículo em suas relações com o campo da formação de professores. Pontua que tal perspectiva tende a negligenciar as produções contextuais que acontecem onde acontecem aqueles sujeitos professores/estudantes que não conhecemos, que fazem o que não sabemos na escola.
Cuidar do outro, cuidar da água: gênero e raça na produção da cidade
Authors: PIEROBON CAMILA , FERNANDES CAMILA
Published: April 2023

RESUMO Este artigo discute a importância da água na vida cotidiana de mulheres que vivem em favelas e ocupações da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, pensando a água como bem vital, imprescindível para as relações de cuidados. O texto articula o debate sobre infraestrutura urbana com o de cuidado para pensarmos sobre os modos generificados e racializados de fazer cidade. Por meio de pequenos eventos domésticos, de diálogos que as autoras tiveram com suas interlocutoras ou de descrições etnográficas mais longas, o trabalho mostra como a água carrega a força do ordinário e é um dos objetos que permite ver a potência e a vulnerabilidade que a vida diária carrega em termos de gênero, classe e raça. Descreve-se o trabalho das mulheres nos processos de fazer cidade ao relacionar a precariedade de acesso à água com a subalternidade do trabalho do cuidado como aspectos coexistentes que visibilizam as condições de profunda desigualdade dos moradores de periferias.
BLACK MALES IN STEM: EXPLORING FUTURE ENGINEERING GRADUATE SCHOOL ASPIRATIONS OF UNDERGRADUATE BLACK MEN
Authors: Slack Tyron , Davis Jared L. , Benjamin Le Shorn S. , Hines Erik M. , Henderson Jerrod
Published: April 2023

Black males are underrepresented in undergraduate and graduate engineering programs. While a significant amount of research studies have highlighted Black men's challenges in engineering graduate programs, fewer studies have sought to uncover and understand the factors that influence Black
males to pursue engineering graduate degrees. As part of a more extensive study, in this investigation we used thematic analysis to understand the factors that might influence 20 Black male engineering undergraduate students to pursue engineering graduate degrees. Although we took an inductive approach to data analysis, we used community cultural wealth to hone our sensitivity to the assets Black males engage in as they pursue advanced degrees in engineering. We developed four themes, which describe what might drive participants' motivations to pursue advanced degrees in engineering in the
future: passion for knowledge, financial security and career advancement, early exposure to graduate school, and influence of social networks. The findings of this study may impact intervention design and efforts to recruit and retain Black males in engineering graduate programs.