bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Louis Andriessen, Hanns Eisler, and the Lehrstück
Authors: Adlington Robert
Published: March 2005

Commentators on the music of Louis Andriessen have not been slow to point to the perceptible influence of a number of other composers and musical styles. Conspicuously absent from recent discussions of Andriessen's music is the name of Hanns Eisler. Eisler's example, as defined both by his ideas about music and politics, and by the music itself, loomed larger than any other at precisely the time-the early 1970s -when Andriessen was formulating his mature style. More particularly, the model established by Eisler and Brecht in their Lehrstücke (learning plays) provided a framework for Andriessen's own attempts to reconcile popular and progressive elements within a politically committed context. In 1972 Andriessen was invited by the theatre director Paul Binnerts to work on Brecht and Eisler's best known Lehrstück, Die Massnahme. Andriessen wrote new music for the piece which sought to remain faithful to the spirit of Eisler's original settings but which also departed from them in significant ways, partly because of the influence of Reiner Steinweg's interpretation (published in 1971) of the Lehrstück as a fundamentally dialectical exercise. Eisler's attitudes toward musical material and performance, and the basic principles of the Lehrstück, both continue to resonate in Andriessen's later music, even after overtly political concerns have receded from the foreground.
The Snake Bites Its Tail: Cyclic Processes in Brahms's Third String Quartet, op. 67
Authors: Frisch Walter
Published: March 2005

Brahms's Third String Quartet, op. 67 in Bb Major, represents one of his greatest efforts in cyclical form, but has been neglected in the analytical and critical literature, which has focused on the Third Symphony, the Schicksalslied, and the German Requiem. Brahms's cyclic techniques fall between the procedures of Beethoven, who aims for thematic unity or coherence across a work, and French composers at the end of the 19th century, who use extensive, intricate thematic transformation to bind a piece. Brahms designs the finale of his Bb Quartet, a theme and variations, to evolve toward the reappearance of the main thematic material of the first movement. In the coda of the finale, the themes of the two outer movements are superimposed in ways that reveal their latent kinship.
ret/PTC1 and ret/PTC3 in thyroid tumors from Chernobyl liquidators: comparison with sporadic tumors from Ukrainian and French patients
Authors: Di Cristofaro J , Vasko V , Savchenko V , Cherenko S , Larin A , Ringel M D , Saji M , Marcy M , Henry J F , Carayon P , De Micco C
Published: March 2005

Like children exposed to Chernobyl fallout, the workers who cleaned up after the accident, also known as liquidators, have exhibited an increased incidence of thyroid cancer. A high prevalence of ret/PTC3 rearrangement has been found in pediatric post-Chernobyl thyroid tumors, but this feature has not been investigated in liquidator thyroid tumors. In this study we analyzed the prevalence of ret/PTC1 and ret/PTC3 in thyroid tumors from 21 liquidators, 31 nonirradiated adult Ukrainian patients, and 34 nonirradiated adult French patients. ret rearrangements in carcinomas were found in 83.3% of liquidators, 64.7% of Ukrainian patients, and 42.9% of French patients. The prevalence of ret/PTC1 was statistically similar in the three groups. The prevalence of ret/PTC3 was significantly higher in liquidators than in French patients (P = 0.03) but it was also high in nonirradiated Ukrainian patients who exhibited values intermediate between liquidators and French patients. In adenomas the prevalence of rearrangement was significantly higher in all Ukrainians than in French patients (P = 0.004). Like children exposed to Chernobyl fallout, liquidators showed a high prevalence of ret/PTC3. This finding suggests that irradiation had the same effect regardless of age. However, given the high rate of ret/PTC3 in nonirradiated adult Ukrainians, the possibility of genetic susceptibility or low-level exposure to radiation in that group cannot be excluded.
Some linear programming methods for frontier estimation
Authors: Bouchard G. , Girard S. , Iouditski A. , Nazin A.
Published: March 2005

We propose new methods for estimating the frontier of a set of points. The estimates are defined as kernel functions covering all the points and whose associated support is of smallest surface. They are written as linear combinations of kernel functions applied to the points of the sample. The weights of the linear combination are then computed by solving a linear programming problem. In the general case, the solution of the optimization problem is sparse, that is, only a few coefficients are non‐zero. The corresponding points play the role of support vectors in the statistical learning theory. In the case of uniform bivariate densities, theL1error between the estimated and the true frontiers is shown to be almost surely converging to zero, and the rate of convergence is provided. The behaviour of the estimates on one finite sample situation is illustrated on simulations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intrinsic Kriging and prior information
Authors: Vazquez E. , Walter E. , Fleury G.
Published: March 2005

Kriging, one of the oldest prediction methods based on reproducing kernels, can be used to build black‐box models in engineering. In practice, however, it is often necessary to take into account prior information to obtain satisfactory results. First, the kernel (the covariance) can be used to specify properties of the prediction such as its regularity or the correlation distance. Moreover, intrinsic Kriging (viewed as a semi‐ parametric formulation of Kriging) can be used with an additional set of factors to take into account a specific type of prior information. We show that it is thus very easy to transform a black‐box model into a grey‐box one. The prediction error is orthogonal in some sense to the prior information that has been incorporated. An application in flow measurement illustrates the interest of the method. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of continuous quality improvement analysis on the delivery of primary percutaneous revascularization for acute myocardial infarction: A community hospital experience
Authors: Caputo Ronald P. , Kosinski Robert , Walford Gary , Giambartolomei Alex , Grant William , Reger Mark J. , Simons Alan , Esente Paolo
Published: March 2005

As time to reperfusion correlates with outcomes, a door‐to‐balloon time of 90 ± 30 min for primary percutaneous coronary revascularization (PCI) for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction has been recently established as a guideline by the ACC/AHA. The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of a continuous quality assurance program designed to expedite primary angioplasty at a community hospital. A database of all primary PCI procedures was created in 1998. Two groups of consecutive patients treated with primary PCI were studied. Group 1 represented patients in the time period between 1 June 1998 to 1 November 1998 and group 2 represented patients in the period between 1 January 2000 and 16 June 2000. Continuous quality assurance analysis was performed. Modifications to the primary angioplasty program were initiated in the latter group. Time intervals to certain treatment landmarks were compared between the groups. Significant decreases in the time intervals from emergency room registration to initial electrocardiogram (8.4 ± 8.2 vs. 3.7 ± 19.5 min; P < 0.001), presentation to the catheterization laboratory to arterial access (13.5 ± 12.9 vs. 11.6 ± 5.8 min; P < 0.001), and emergency room registration to initial angioplasty balloon inflation (132.0 ± 69.2 vs. 112 ± 72.0 min; P < 0.001) were achieved. For the subgroup of patients presenting with diagnostic ST elevation myocardial infarction, a large decrease in the door‐to‐balloon time interval between group 1 and group 2 was demonstrated (114.15 ± 9.67 vs. 87.92 ± 10.93 min; P = NS), resulting in compliance with ACC/AHA guidelines. Continuous quality improvement analysis can expedite care for patients treated by primary PCI in the community hospital setting. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2005;64:428–433. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Percutaneous closure of left ventricular‐to‐right atrial fistula after prosthetic mitral valve rereplacement using the Amplatzer duct occluder
Authors: Cabalka Allison K. , Hagler Donald J. , Mookadam Farouk , Chandrasekaran Krishnaswamy , Wright R. Scott
Published: March 2005

A 70‐year‐old female with a history of rheumatic heart disease underwent rereplacement of mitral valve mechanical prosthesis in May 2003. Seven months later, she presented with progressive exertional dyspnea, exercise intolerance, and a new holosystolic/diastolic murmur. Echocardiography confirmed a large shunt through a fistula in the inferior limbus of the atrial septum with left ventricular‐to‐right atrial communication. We report the novel use of the Amplatzer duct occluder for closure of the fistulous tract. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2005;64:522–527. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficacy and safety of oral sirolimus to inhibit in‐stent intimal hyperplasia
Authors: Brito Fábio S. , Rosa Werther C.M. , Arruda J. Airton , Tedesco Hélio , Pestana Jose O.M. , Lima Valter C.
Published: March 2005

Sirolimus systemic administration has shown marked inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) after balloon angioplasty in porcine models. In this pilot study, we tested the hypothesis that oral sirolimus is safe and effective to inhibit in‐stent NIH and therefore to prevent and treat in‐stent restenosis (ISR). Twelve patients (18 lesions) with high risk for ISR, including 8 ISR lesions, were admitted. One day before the procedure, patients were given a 15 mg loading dose of oral sirolimus, followed by 5 mg daily for 28 days, with weekly whole blood level measurements. The daily dose was adjusted to keep the concentration at 10–15 ng/ml. Sirolimus was well tolerated by all patients but one, who died at the end of the third week of treatment. The 4‐ and 8‐month follow‐up revealed an angiographic late loss of 0.40 ± 0.24 and 0.67 ± 0.45 mm (P < 0.01), respectively. At the same time points, the intravascular ultrasound in in‐stent relative volumetric obstruction was 14.4% ± 9.1% and 23.2% ± 10.1% (P < 0.01), respectively. At 24‐month clinical follow‐up, adverse events were one (8.3%) death, two (11.1%) target lesion, and four (22.2%) target vessel revascularizations. In conclusion, in this small group of high‐risk ISR patients, oral sirolimus inhibited NIH and therefore may be an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of ISR. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2005;64:413–418. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Crosslinking Mechanism of Boric Acid with Diols Revisited
Authors: Rietjens Marcel , Steenbergen Peter A.
Published: March 2005

Complex formation of boric acid with diol functional groups is well known and many papers have been published assuming borate is the reactive species. Based on the high reactivity of boric acid towards nucleophiles, this paper assumes boric acid is the reactant. We prove this hypothesis by presenting a study of the reaction of the polymer guaran with boric acid under various conditions. A thermodynamic analysis of the underlying reactions does not show any differences between either crosslinking species. Thermodynamics shows that the concentration of the 2:1 crosslinks, that give rise to the enhanced viscosity, is proportional to [B], the boric acid concentration, [X2], the concentration of available crosslink sites and inversely proportional to [H+]. These predictions were all confirmed by experiment. However, a difference between the mechanisms is demonstrated in a kinetic analysis: Longer gel times are predicted with the mechanism based on boric acid as the pH of the fluid increases, that is exactly what is observed in practice. Evidence is provided fromvisco‐elastic measurements. A new approach to describeinter‐ and intramolecular crosslink formation is introduced and evidence for the correctness of this description is provided. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Oxidation reduction potential as a measure of disinfection effectiveness for chlorination of wastewater
Authors: Bergendahl John A. , Stevens Laurie
Published: March 2005

Chlorine is commonly added as a disinfectant to potable water before distribution and to wastewater before discharge. The chlorine residual is usually monitored to verify proper disinfectant dose and to ensure adequate pathogen kill before wastewater discharge. Measuring chlorine residual usually requires time‐intensive techniques, whereas the measurement of oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) is a possible alternative method with real‐time results. Experiments were conducted in which inactivation of total coliform, E. coli, and enterococci was measured with chlorine dose, and ORP was evaluated as a predictor of kill of these organisms. Raising ORP through chlorination was effective at disinfection, yet disinfection effectiveness was found to be not well predicted with ORP measurements. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2005
Lipopolysaccharide increases microglial GLT‐1 expression and glutamate uptake capacity in vitro by a mechanism dependent on TNF‐α
Authors: Persson Mikael , Brantefjord Mona , Hansson Elisabeth , Rönnbäck Lars
Published: March 2005

This study investigates the effect of microglial activation on microglial glutamate transporters in vitro. Stimuli known to activate microglia and/or to be associated with pathological conditions with an impaired astroglial glutamate uptake were compared. Morphological changes and marked increases in ED1 antigen expression were found after 8‐h incubation of rat microglia in 56 mM KCl, 1 ng/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and 100 μM glutamate, as well as in acidic and basic conditions, showing that the cells were activated. Of the stimuli used, only LPS induced a significant release of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and was the only stimulus that increased microglial GLT‐1 expression and glutamate uptake capacity after 12‐h incubation. This effect was probably mediated by TNF‐α, since this cytokine mimicked the effect of LPS. Furthermore, the effect of LPS was blocked by thalidomide, an inhibitor of TNF‐α synthesis. Additionally, neutralizing antibodies against TNF‐α also blocked the increase, indicating TNF‐α as an inducer of GLT‐1 expression in microglia. It was also found that preincubation with glutamate dose‐dependently inhibited the microglial glutamate uptake. This could suggest different physiological functions for microglial and astroglial glutamate uptake and might indicate a reciprocal control of GLT‐1 expression between microglia and astrocytes. ©2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Activity‐dependent change in morphology of the glial tubular lattice of the crayfish medial giant nerve fiber
Authors: Beshay Joseph E. , Hahn Paulette , Beshay Victor E. , Hargittai Pal T. , Lieberman Edward M.
Published: March 2005

An evaluation of electron micrographs of stimulated nerve fibers used to investigate the effect of action potential generation on the structure–function relationship between axons and its associated glial cells revealed that what was at first thought to be stimulation‐induced damage to the glia was, in fact, limited to volume expansion and disaggregation of the glial tubular lattice. All other structures appeared well preserved and otherwise normal. Using a 4‐point subjective scale for evaluation by two investigators, 50‐Hz stimulation for 2 min was observed to cause a volume expansion and disaggregation of the tubular lattice. Quantitatively, the internal diameter of the stimulated tubular lattice increased 65% above the unstimulated control (50.96 ± 2.09 nm and 30.81 ± 0.87 nm, respectively, P ≤ 0.001). Stimulation had its greatest effect on tubular lattice volume and organization in the adaxonal glial layer and a decreasing effect as distance from the giant axon increased. These effects are reversible since the tubular lattice diameter and degree of disaggregation preserved 10 min after the cessation of stimulation were not found to be different from their unstimulated paired controls. Axons injected with TEA, a voltage‐gated potassium channel blocker, prevented stimulation‐induced volume expansion and disaggregation of tubular lattice structure. These results are consistent with an active uptake of K+ with obligated water or, alternatively, hyperosmotic K+ uptake and a fixation‐induced increase in water permeation. Either mechanism of K+ uptake would result in tubular lattice volume expansion and disaggregation and suggests that the tubular lattice serves a larger role than a simple trans‐glial diffusion pathway. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic expression profile of olfactory ensheathing cells is distinct from that of Schwann cells and astrocytes
Authors: Vincent Adele J. , Taylor Jennifer M. , Choi‐Lundberg Derek L. , West Adrian K. , Chuah Meng Inn
Published: March 2005

Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) accompany the axons of olfactory receptor neurons, which regenerate throughout life, from the olfactory mucosa into the olfactory bulb. OECs have shown widely varying efficacy in repairing the injured nervous system. Analysis of the transcriptome of OECs will help in understanding their biology and will provide tools for investigating the mechanisms of their efficacy and interactions with host tissues in lesion models. In this study, we compared the transcriptional profile of cultured OECs with that of Schwann cells (SCs) and astrocytes (ACs), two glial cell types to which OECs have similarities. Two biological replicates of RNA from cultured OECs, SCs, and ACs were hybridized to long oligo rat 5K arrays against a common reference pool of RNA (50% cultured fibroblast RNA and 50% neonatal rat brain RNA). Transcriptional profiles were analyzed by hierarchical clustering, Principal Components Analysis, and the Venn diagram. The three glial cell types had similarly increased or decreased expression of numerous transcripts compared with the reference. However, OECs were distinguishable from both SCs and ACs by a modest number of transcripts, which were significantly enriched or depleted. Furthermore, OECs and SCs were more closely related to each other than to ACs. Expression of selected transcripts not previously characterized in OECs, such as Lyz, Timp2, Gro1 (Cxcl1), Ccl2 (MCP1), Ctgf, and Cebpb, was validated by real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR); immunohistochemistry in cultured OECs, SCs, and ACs, and adult tissues was performed to demonstrate their expression at the protein level. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distribution of Aquaporin 4 in rodent spinal cord: Relationship with astrocyte markers and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans
Authors: Vitellaro‐Zuccarello Laura , Mazzetti Samanta , Bosisio Paola , Monti Claudia , De Biasi Silvia
Published: March 2005

Water balance between cells and extracellular compartments is essential for proper functioning of the central nervous system, as demonstrated by its perturbations in pathological conditions. Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is the predominant water channel in brain and spinal cord, where it is present mainly on astrocytic endfeet contacting vessels. A role in water homeostasis control has been proposed also for the extracellular matrix, that in brain consists mainly of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). Using cytochemical and immunocytochemical techniques, we investigated their distribution in rodent spinal cord, to better understand the role of these two classes of molecules. The results show that in spinal gray matter AQP4 labeling is intense in all perivascular profiles and (1) displays a marked dorsoventral gradient in the neuropil; and (2) coexists extensively with glial glutamate transporter‐1 (GLT‐1) but scarcely with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). In white matter the overlap between AQP4, GLT‐1, and GFAP is almost complete. Ultrastructural examination shows that AQP4‐labeled astrocytic processes surround blood vessels, neuronal perikarya and processes, and both asymmetric and symmetric synapses, indicating that the protein may be involved in the regulation of water fluxes around both inhibitory and excitatory synapses. CSPGs, visualized by labeling with Wisteria floribunda agglutinin, show a distribution complementary to that of AQP4, being absent or weekly expressed in AQP4‐enriched areas. These findings suggest that different mechanisms may contribute to the regulation of water homeostasis in different spinal cord regions. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of mesenchymal stem cells grown on a three‐dimensional HYAFF 11®‐based prototype ligament scaffold
Authors: Cristino S. , Grassi F. , Toneguzzi S. , Piacentini A. , Grigolo B. , Santi S. , Riccio M. , Tognana E. , Facchini A. , Lisignoli G.
Published: March 2005

Ligaments are complex structures that maintain the mechanical stability of the joint. Healing of injured ligaments involves the interactions of different cell types, local cellular environment, and the use of devices. To gain new information on the complex interactions between mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and a specific hyaluronan‐based prototype scaffold (HYAFF®), useful for ligament tissue engineering, short time‐course experiments were performed to analyze the proliferation, vitality, and phenotype of MSCs grown on the scaffold. MSC proliferation was analyzed using the MTT test, during the early time points (2, 4, 6, days). Viability was assessed using calcein/acetyloxymethylester immunofluorescence dye and confocal microscopy analysis. Hyaluronic acid receptor (CD44), typical matrix ligament proteins (collagen type I, type III, laminin, fibronectin, actin), and chondrogenic/osteogenic markers (collagen type II and bone sialoprotein) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Our data demonstrated that MSC growth and viability were cell density‐dependent. MSCs completely wrapped the fibers of the scaffold, expressed CD44, collagen type I, type III, laminin, fibronectin, and actin, and were negative to collagen type II and bone sialoprotein. These data demonstrate that MSCs survive well in the hyaluronan‐based prototype ligament scaffold, as assessed after 2 days from seeding, and express CD44, a receptor important for scaffold interaction, and proteins responsible for the functional characteristics of the ligaments. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 73A: 275–283, 2005
Development and simulation studies of an unsteady state biofilter model for the treatment of cyclic air emissions of an α‐pinene gas stream
Authors: Dirk‐Faitakis Christina , Allen D Grant
Published: March 2005

This paper describes the development and simulation of an unsteady state biofilter model used to predict dynamic behaviour of cyclically‐operated biofilters and compares it with experimental results obtained from three, parallel, bench‐scale biofilters treating both periodically fluctuating concentrations and constant concentrations of an α‐pinene‐laden gas stream. The dynamic model, using kinetic parameters estimated from the constant concentration biofilter, was able to predict the performance of cyclic biofilters operating at short cycle periods (ie, in the order of minutes and hours). Steady state kinetic data from a constant concentration biofilter can be used to predict unsteady state biofilter operation. At a 24 h cycle period, the dynamic model compared well with experimental results. For long cycle periods (ie, hours and days), removal efficiency decreased after periods of non‐loading: the longer the period of non‐loading, the poorer the biofilter's performance at the re‐commencement of pollutant loading. At longer time scales the model did not effectively predict transient behaviour, as adsorption and changes in kinetic parameters were not accounted for. Modelling results showed that similar biofiltration performance for the cyclic and constant concentration biofiltration of α‐pinene is expected for biofilters operating solely in the first order kinetics regime. Poorer performance for cyclic biofilters following Monod kinetics spanning the entire kinetics range is expected as the cycle amplitude increases. The most important parameters affecting the performance of a cyclically‐operated biofilter with short cycle periods are: amplitude of cyclic fluctuations, Cg, max/Cg, relative value of the half‐saturation constant in the Monod expression, Ks, and effective diffusivity of α‐pinene in the biofilm, De. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Double‐stranded secondary structures on mRNA induce type I interferon (IFN α/β) production and maturation of mRNA‐transfected monocyte‐derived dendritic cells
Authors: Ceppi M. , Ruggli N. , Tache V. , Gerber H. , McCullough K. C. , Summerfield A.
Published: March 2005

Background

The development of dendritic cell (DC)‐based vaccines using antigen‐encoding mRNA requires identification of the critical parameters for efficient ex vivo loading of DCs. Exogenously delivered mRNA can induce DC activation, but the molecular mechanisms involved are unknown. The aim of the present study was to identify the means by which mRNA‐dependent activation of DCs occurs.

Methods

In vitro transcribed mRNA molecules were delivered into porcine monocyte‐derived DCs (MoDCs) using different non‐viral gene transfer procedures. Using the green fluorescent protein (GFP) as reporter gene, as well as rhodamine‐labeled RNA, intracellular delivery and transfection efficiency were assessed by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. DC activation was monitored in terms of MHC class II and CD80/86 upregulation, as well as the production of type I interferon (IFN‐α/β).

Results

mRNA‐lipofected MoDCs produced type I IFN and upregulated MHC class II and CD80/86. Computational analysis of the mRNA molecules predicted highly ordered secondary structures forming double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA). This dsRNA was also detectable by immunofluorescence in mRNA‐lipofected cells, using antibody specific for dsRNA. Digestion of the mRNA prior to lipofection with a double‐strand‐specific RNase, but not a single‐strand‐specific RNase, abrogated DC activation. Impairment of protein kinase R (PKR) with 2‐aminopurine also interfered with the activation.

Conclusions

Double‐stranded secondary structures on mRNA delivered by lipofection can activate MoDCs. This could have important implications for mRNA‐based immunomodulation of DCs, DC‐based immunotherapy, and formulation of RNA‐based vaccines. In addition, this report describes the first in vitro steps towards development of a novel large animal model system to evaluate DC‐based vaccines against infectious diseases. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On optimal contact shapes generated by wear
Authors: Páczelt I. , Mróz Z.
Published: March 2005

The optimal shape design of contacting surfaces has usually been aimed at controlling the contact pressure distribution. However, a much wider class of contact optimization problems can be formulated by maximizing contact force or displacement, torsional moment, or minimizing the friction dissipation. The special classes of optimization problems are considered, namely, minimization of generalized wear volume rate, minimization of generalized friction dissipation power and minimization of the generalized wear dissipation power depending on both normal pressure and slip velocity.

The specific wear rule was assumed and the optimality conditions are derived. They generate optimal contact pressure distribution and the corresponding optimal wear rate. The optimization problems are reduced to non‐linear programming problems and for their solution a special iteration process is used. The wear process is analysed in two specific cases. First, when the relative sliding velocity between bodies is constant and the second case, when one of bodies rotates with respect to another body. For rotational motion the problem of minimization of friction dissipation power is considered by applying the technique of control of contact pressure distribution and minimization of the generalized friction dissipation power with a new control parameter q. It is demonstrated that the wear dissipation power at the contact surface is minimal in the steady state of wear process and in many cases corresponds to the uniform wear rate. The illustrative examples for rotating bodies demonstrate the evolution of wear process toward a steady state. The minimization of the generalized wear volume rate and of generalized friction dissipation power does not induce the steady state of wear process in the rotation motion.

The identification procedure is proposed to specify the wear parameters. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interstitial lung disease in patients with ataxia‐telangiectasia
Authors: Schroeder Scott A. , Swift Michael , Sandoval Claudio , Langston Claire
Published: March 2005

Ataxia‐telangiectasia (A‐T) is an autosomal‐recessive multiorgan disease characterized by progressive neurologic deterioration in which the most common causes of death are diseases of the respiratory system and cancers. The aim of this retrospective study was to delineate the clinical, radiographic, and pathologic manifestations of the chronic progressive interstitial lung disease seen in patients with A‐T. The medical records of 97 patients with A‐T and chronic lung disease were reviewed. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) was specifically diagnosed in 25 of 97 patients. None of these patients had evidence of an infectious process preceding the onset of their lung disease, and none had lasting clinical improvement after treatment with antibiotics. Although many medications were used to treat their ILD, only treatment with systemic corticosteroids early in the course of their illness was associated with clinical and radiographic improvement. Nineteen of these 25 patients with ILD died within 24 months of the onset of their ILD, and of 7 patients treated with corticosteroids, 5 are still alive. Recognition of interstitial lung disease in patients with A‐T and its early treatment could reduce or eliminate pulmonary disease as a leading cause of death for these patients. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Empirical lipid propensities of amino acid residues in multispan alpha helical membrane proteins
Authors: Adamian Larisa , Nanda Vikas , DeGrado William F. , Liang Jie
Published: March 2005

Characterizing the interactions between amino acid residues and lipid molecules is important for understanding the assembly of transmembrane helices and for studying membrane protein folding. In this study we develop TMLIP (TransMembrane helix‐LIPid), an empirically derived propensity of individual residue types to face lipid membrane based on statistical analysis of high‐resolution structures of membrane proteins. Lipid accessibilities of amino acid residues within the transmembrane (TM) region of 29 structures of helical membrane proteins are studied with a spherical probe of radius of 1.9 Å. Our results show that there are characteristic preferences for residues to face the headgroup region and the hydrocarbon core region of lipid membrane. Amino acid residues Lys, Arg, Trp, Phe, and Leu are often found exposed at the headgroup regions of the membrane, where they have high propensity to face phospholipid headgroups and glycerol backbones. In the hydrocarbon core region, the strongest preference for interacting with lipids is observed for Ile, Leu, Phe and Val. Small and polar amino acid residues are usually buried inside helical bundles and are strongly lipophobic. There is a strong correlation between various hydrophobicity scales and the propensity of a given residue to face the lipids in the hydrocarbon region of the bilayer. Our data suggest a possibly significant contribution of the lipophobic effect to the folding of membrane proteins. This study shows that membrane proteins have exceedingly apolar exteriors rather than highly polar interiors. Prediction of lipid‐facing surfaces of boundary helices using TMLIP1 results in a 54% accuracy, which is significantly better than random (25% accuracy). We also compare performance of TMLIP with another lipid propensity scale, kPROT, and with several hydrophobicity scales using hydrophobic moment analysis. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hydrothermal Syntheses and Structural Studies of Lanthanide Coordination Polymers Involving In‐Situ Decarboxylation and their Luminescence Properties
Authors: Han Zheng‐Bo , Cheng Xiao‐Ning , Li Xiao‐Feng , Chen Xiao‐Ming
Published: March 2005

Lanthanide coordination polymers with the formula [Ln(pydc)2]·H2O (Ln = La, 1; Nd, 2; pydc = 3,4‐pyridinedicarboxylate) and [Ln(pydc)(ina)(H2O)2] (Ln = Sm, 3; Eu, 4; Tb, 5; Dy, 6; pydc = 3,4‐pyridinedicarboxylate, ina = isonicotinate) were synthesized by treating LnIII nitrates with 3,4‐pyridinedicarboxylic acid under hydrothermal conditions. Single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction studies indicate that these lanthanide coordination polymers adopt two different structures. The lighter lanthanide compounds 1 and 2 consist of extended two‐dimensional layer structures with the thickness of ca. 1.7 nm. While the heavier lanthanide compounds 3‐6 have pydc‐bridged double chain structures with one chelating carboxylate group of ina ligand and two water molecules on each metal center. Interestingly, decarboxylation occurred and pydc was partially transformed into ina in the hydrothermal reactions of 3‐6. The fluorescence activities of compounds 4 and 5 are reported.
The Synthesis by Decarboxylation Reactions and Crystal Structures of 1, n–Bis(diphenylphosphino)alkane(pentafluorophenyl)‐platinum(II) Complexes
Authors: Deacon Glen B. , Elliott Philip W. , Erven Anja P. , Meyer Gerd
Published: March 2005

Decarboxylation reactions between the complexes cis–[PtCl2L] (L = 1, n–bis(diphenylphosphino)–ethane (n = 2, dppe), –propane (n = 3, dppp) or –butane (n = 4, dppb)) and thallium(I) pentafluorobenzoate in pyridine give cis–[PtCl(C6F5)L] and cis–[Pt(C6F5)2L] complexes in high yields with short reaction times. X–ray crystal structures of cis–[PtCl(C6F5)(dppe)] · 0.5 C5H5N, cis–[PtCl(C6F5)(dppp)], cis–[PtCl(C6F5)(dppb)] · C3H6O, cis–[Pt(C6F5)2L] (L = dppe, dppp and dppb) and the reactants cis–[PtCl2(dppp)] (as a CH2Cl2 solvate) and cis–[PtCl2(dppb)] show monomeric structures with chelating diphosphine ligands in all cases rather than dimers with bridging diphosphines. 31P NMR data are consistent with these structures in solution.
2J(P,C) and 3J(P,C) Coupling Constants in Some New Phosphoramidates. Crystal Structures of CF3C(O)N(H)P(O)[N(CH3)(CH2C6H5)]2 and4‐NO2‐C6H4N(H)P(O)[4‐CH3‐NC5H9]2
Authors: Gholivand Khodayar , Shariatinia Zahra , Pourayoubi Mehrdad
Published: March 2005

Some new phosphoramidates were synthesized and characterized by 1H, 13C, 31P NMR, IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The structures of CF3C(O)N(H)P(O)[N(CH3)(CH2C6H5)]2 (1) and 4‐NO2‐C6H4N(H)P(O)[4‐CH3‐NC5H9]2 (6) were confirmed by X‐ray single crystal determination. Compound 1 forms a centrosymmetric dimer and compound 6 forms a polymeric zigzag chain, both via ‐N‐H…O=P‐ intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Also, weak C‐H…F and C‐H…O hydrogen bonds were observed in compounds 1 and 6, respectively. 13C NMR spectra were used for study of 2J(P,C) and 3J(P,C) coupling constants that were showed in the molecules containing N(C2H5)2 and N(C2H5)(CH2C6H5) moieties, 2J(P,C)>3J(P,C). A contrast result was obtained for the compounds involving a five‐membered ring aliphatic amine group, NC4H8. 2J(P,C) for N(C2H5)2 moiety and in NC4H8 are nearly the same, but 3J(P, C) values are larger than those in molecules with a pyrrolidinyl ring. This comparison was done for compounds with six and seven‐membered ring amine groups. In compounds with formula XP(O)[N(CH2R)(CH2C6H5)]2, 2J(P,CH2)benzylic>2J(P,CH2)aliphatic, in an agreement with our previous study.
Evaluating the Impact of Genetic Counseling and Testing with Signal Detection Methods
Authors: Palmer Christina G. S. , Hadley Donald W.
Published: March 2005

One measure of the impact of genetic counseling and testing (GCT) is the extent to which it fosters behavioral change that is consistent with mutation status. We describe and illustrate how two different signal detection methods, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and recursive partitioning, can be used in this context to evaluate the impact of GCT. We analyzed real screening behavior data obtained in the 12 months following GCT for Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colon Cancer (HNPCC) using these two different signal detection approaches. Each approach demonstrated that GCT had an impact on behavioral outcomes, and was effective in fostering behavioral outcomes appropriate to mutation status. The ROC approach demonstrated that GCT was effective because mutation positive and mutation negative individuals could be distinguished on the basis of the number of recommended screening behaviors. The recursive partitioning approach demonstrated that GCT was effective because there were generally high rates of adherence to screening guidelines among subjects. The recursive partitioning technique also identified four subgroups of subjects, each with distinct characteristics, for which tailored interventions could be developed to increase rates of adherence to screening guidelines. Signal detection methods are easily implemented and are useful techniques for evaluating the impact of GCT.
Stratified semiconcave control-Lyapunov functions and the stabilization problem
Authors: Rifford Ludovic
Published: March 2005

Given a globally asymptotically controllable control system, we construct a control-Lyapunov function which is stratified semiconcave; that is, roughly speaking whose singular set has a Whitney stratification. Then we deduce the existence of smooth feedbacks which make the closed-loop system
almost
globally asymptotically stable.
On multiple fields. Between the material world and media: two cases from the Peloponnesus, Greece
Authors: Witmore Christopher L.
Published: March 2005

Deeply embedded in much of archaeological thought is an epistemological scheme of the ‘field’ as separate from the ‘home-base’, whether laboratory, archive or study. This modernist division is inadequate, for it fails to account for the interconnected and nonlinear process of archaeological knowledge construction. Taking direction from science studies and specifically from the work of Bruno Latour, this article sketches a model of multiple fields, which may serve as an alternative to this divide. Through the effective juxtaposition of two case studies from the Greek Peloponnesus, it explores two disparate yet complementary cases of how multiple fields make up the epistemological terrain of archaeology. The first case study traces the strains of an early 19th-century web, which situates the process of knowledge production at that time, while the second focuses on the archaeological process by closely following the transformation of things into documents during a regional survey. By recasting and multiplying the ‘field’ in archaeology we move from an oversimplified and bounded modernist scheme to one that allows for the complexities of archaeological practices which involve the action of instruments, media and human beings.
Out of the Past. The biography of a 16th-century burgher house and the making of society
Authors: Thomasson Joakim
Published: March 2005

This paper is an attempt to understand how people, in the daily practice of interacting with material culture, created, dealt with and interpreted complex and socially stressful historical processes. A 16th-century timber-framed burgher house, the Reformation and industrialization are the focus of attention. Today the house stands in a museum of cultural history in the south Scandinavian town of Lund, but it once was built in the nearby city of Malmö. Through studies of architecture and spatial analysis, as well as studies of alterations to the house and its surroundings, the biography of the house is followed back to its physical and mental origins. The architecture as well as changes in its appearance can be understood by the use of space as well as the concept of topophilia. The paper ends by relating results to contemporary sociological theories. It is argued that humans structure society through material culture, history (remembrance) and space.
Interannual changes in the overflow from the Nordic Seas into the Atlantic Ocean through Denmark Strait
Authors: Macrander A. , Send U. , Valdimarsson H. , Jónsson S. , Käse R. H.
Published: March 2005

The global thermohaline circulation is an important part of Earth's climate system. Cold, dense water formed in the Nordic Seas enters the Atlantic Ocean as overflows across the sills of the Greenland‐Scotland Ridge. The Denmark Strait Overflow (DSO) is one of the main sources of North Atlantic Deep Water. Until now the DSO has been believed to be stable on interannual timescales. Here, for the first time, evidence is presented from a 4‐year program of observations showing that overflow transports in 1999/2000 were approximately 30% higher than previous estimates. Later, transports decreased remarkably during the observation period, coincident with a temporary temperature increase of about 0.5°C.
Biphasic Cytochrome c Release After Transient Global Ischemia and its Inhibition by Hypothermia
Authors: Zhao Heng , Yenari Midori A , Cheng Danye , Sapolsky Robert M , Steinberg Gary K
Published: March 2005

Hypothermia is effective in preventing ischemic damage. A caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway is involved in ischemic damage, but how hypothermia inhibits this pathway after global cerebral ischemia has not been well explored. It was determined whether hypothermia protects the brain by altering cytochrome c release and caspase activity. Cerebral ischemia was produced by two-vessel occlusion plus hypotension for 10 mins. Body temperature in hypothermic animals was reduced to 33°C before ischemia onset and maintained for 3 h after reperfusion. Western blots of subcellular fractions revealed biphasic cytosolic cytochrome c release, with an initial peak at about 5 h after ischemia, which decreased at 12 to 24 h, and a second, larger peak at 48 h. Caspase-3 and −9 activity increased at 12 and 24 h. A caspase inhibitor, Z-DEVD-FMK, administered 5 and 24 h after ischemia onset, protected hippocampal CA1 neurons from injury and blocked the second cytochrome c peak, suggesting that caspases mediate this second phase. Hypothermia (33°C), which prevented CA1 injury, did not inhibit cytochrome c release at 5 h, but reduced cytochrome c release at 48 h. Caspase-3 and −9 activity was markedly attenuated by hypothermia at 12 and 24 h. Thus, biphasic cytochrome c release occurs after transient global ischemia and mild hypothermia protects against ischemic damage by blocking the second phase of cytochrome c release, possibly by blocking caspase activity.
Effect of UVB Irradiation on Cu2+-Binding Organic Ligands and Cu2+ Speciation in Alpine Lake Waters of New Zealand
Authors: Sander Sylvia , Kim Jonathan P. , Anderson Barry , Hunter Keith A.
Published: March 2005

Environmental Context. The bioavailability of dissolved metals in natural waters is directly affected by metal-sequestering agents. These agents include soil-derived matter and compounds released by microorganisms, since copper can support or inhibit aquatic microorganisms depending on concentration. During summer the levels of copper increase in surface waters, an effect intuitively attributable to increased ultraviolet light degrading the sequestering agents more effectively, leading to a concurrent release of the metal. This paper shows that the amount of degradation attributable to light is too low to explain the metal release and that a biological influence may instead be responsible.
Abstract. The influence of UVB irradiation on the Cu2+ binding by natural organic ligands in six alpine lakes on the South Island, New Zealand, has been investigated using competitive ligand equilibration with salicylaldoxime and detection by cathodic stripping voltammetry (CLE-CSV). During austral summer 2002–2003 the total dissolved Cu ([Cu]T), the concentration of strong Cu2+-binding ligands ([L]T), and their conditional stability constant K´´ were determined in surface samples of all six lakes. All lakes exhibited appreciable concentrations of a strong Cu2+ binding ligand with similar K´´ values and concentrations always exceeding [CuT], thus dominating Cu2+ speciation. Four lakes (Hayes, Manapouri, Wanaka, Te Anau) showed no appreciable trend in [LT] throughout the summer, whereas in Lakes Wakatipu and Hawea [LT] increased steadily throughout this period. Laboratory UVB irradiation of lake water samples using a 400 W mercury lamp with a Pyrex glass filter (λ > 280 nm) showed that Cu2+-binding ligands are destroyed by UVB radiation, causing [L]T to decrease with a rate of –0.588 nmol L–1 h–1 (r2 0.88). From this we calculate that the in situ ligand destruction rate by UVB in summer for surface waters of these lakes is too small to significantly affect [LT], and conclude that variations in ligand concentrations must result from seasonally variable biological factors.
Hypersensitivity of DJ-1-deficient mice to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrindine (MPTP) and oxidative stress
Authors: Kim Raymond H. , Smith Patrice D. , Aleyasin Hossein , Hayley Shawn , Mount Matthew P. , Pownall Scott , Wakeham Andrew , You-Ten Annick J. , Kalia Suneil K. , Horne Patrick , Westaway David , Lozano Andres M. , Anisman Hymie , Park David S. , Mak Tak W.
Published: March 2005

Mutations of theDJ-1(PARK7) gene are linked to familial Parkinson's disease. We used gene targeting to generate DJ-1-deficient mice that were viable, fertile, and showed no gross anatomical or neuronal abnormalities. Dopaminergic neuron numbers in thesubstantia nigraand fiber densities and dopamine levels in the striatum were normal. However, DJ-1–/– mice showed hypolocomotion when subjected to amphetamine challenge and increased striatal denervation and dopaminergic neuron loss induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrindine. DJ-1–/–embryonic cortical neurons showed increased sensitivity to oxidative, but not nonoxidative, insults. Restoration of DJ-1 expression to DJ-1–/– mice or cells via adenoviral vector delivery mitigated all phenotypes. WT mice that received adenoviral delivery of DJ-1 resisted 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrindine-induced striatal damage, and neurons overexpressing DJ-1 were protected from oxidative stressin vitro. Thus, DJ-1 protects against neuronal oxidative stress, and loss of DJ-1 may lead to Parkinson's disease by conferring hypersensitivity to dopaminergic insults.