bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the green-to-desert Sahara transitions between the Holocene and the last interglacial
Authors: Li Huan , Renssen Hans , Roche Didier M.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. The desertification and vegetation feedbacks of the “green
Sahara” during the last interglacial (LIG) and the Holocene have been
investigated by many studies. Yet the abruptness of climate and vegetation
changes and their interactions are still under discussion. In this study, we
apply an Earth system model of intermediate complexity (iLOVECLIM) in
combination with two dynamical vegetation models (VECODE and LPJ-GUESS) to
simulate climate–vegetation changes during the Holocene and the LIG to
compare the patterns of North African vegetation evolutions and mechanisms
of their feedbacks during these two interglacials. Our results confirmed the
existence of the green Sahara during the early LIG, which is as an
analogue to the green Sahara during the Holocene. During both
interglacials, an overall consistent transition from vegetated Sahara to
desert is shown in our results, but the amplitudes of these transitions
vary. These simulated Sahara vegetation transitions are nearly linearly
related to the summer insolation declines at 20∘ N, resulting in
faster declines of vegetation cover during the LIG than in the Holocene. The
decline of vegetation cover peaks at 25% kyr−1 at around 122 ka, while
during the Holocene the steepest vegetation cover decline is 10 % kyr−1 at
around 6 ka. Our results suggest net positive vegetation feedbacks to
climate during the two interglacials. During the early LIG and Holocene,
vegetation strengthens precipitation by a factor of 2 to 3 through the
vegetation–albedo feedback when the vegetation cover is greater than 60 %.
Vegetation cover decreases with declines of the incoming moisture transport
by the atmosphere due to the reduced summer insolation at 20∘ N,
weakening the summer monsoon during both interglacials. This desertification
is accelerated when the positive vegetation–albedo feedback cannot offset
the reduction of precipitation due to a weaker summer monsoon. The impacts
of this positive vegetation feedback on precipitation decrease with
decreased vegetation cover, during which the impacts of negative
vegetation–evaporation feedbacks increase, accelerating the loss of soil
moisture and vegetation cover. Overall, the net positive vegetation feedback
is strong during the early phases of both interglacials, but the vegetation
transition is more abrupt during the LIG than during the Holocene due to the
more rapid changes in summer insolation during the LIG. The main difference
between the two interglacials is the rate of precipitation change, which is
relatively gradual during the Holocene, leading to a more gradual vegetation
transition in comparison to the LIG.
The 8.2 ka event in northern Spain: timing, structure and climatic impact from a multi-proxy speleothem record
Authors: Kilhavn Hege , Couchoud Isabelle , Drysdale Russell N. , Rossi Carlos , Hellstrom John , Arnaud Fabien , Wong Henri
Published: October 2022

Abstract. The 8.2 ka event is regarded as the most prominent
climate anomaly of the Holocene and is thought to have been triggered by a
meltwater release to the North Atlantic that was of sufficient magnitude to
disrupt the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). It is most
clearly captured in Greenland ice-core records, where it is reported as a
cold and dry anomaly lasting ∼ 160 years, from 8.25 ± 0.05 until 8.09 ± 0.05 ka (Thomas et al., 2007). It is also
recorded in several archives in the North Atlantic region; however, its
interpreted timing, evolution and impacts vary significantly. This
inconsistency is commonly attributed to poorly constrained chronologies
and/or inadequately resolved time series. Here we present a high-resolution
speleothem record of early Holocene palaeoclimate from El Soplao Cave in
northern Spain, a region pertinent to studying the impacts of AMOC
perturbations on south-western Europe. We explore the timing and impact of
the 8.2 ka event on a decadal scale by coupling speleothem stable carbon and oxygen isotopic ratios, trace element ratios (Mg / Ca and Sr / Ca), and growth
rate. Throughout the entire speleothem record, δ18O variability
is related to changes in effective recharge. This is supported by the
pattern of changes in δ13C, Mg / Ca and growth rate. The 8.2 ka event is marked as a centennial-scale negative excursion in El Soplao δ18O, starting at 8.19 ± 0.06 ka and lasting until 8.05 ± 0.05 ka, suggesting increased recharge at the time. Although this is supported by the other proxies, the amplitude of the changes is minor and largely within the realm of variability over the preceding 1000 years. Further, the shift to lower δ18O leads the other proxies, which we interpret as the imprint of the change in the isotopic composition of the moisture source, associated with the meltwater flux to the North Atlantic. A comparison with other well-dated records from
south-western Europe reveals that the timing of the 8.2 ka event was
synchronous, with an error-weighted mean age for the onset of 8.23 ± 0.03 and 8.10 ± 0.05 ka for the end of the event. This compares favourably with the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP) record. The comparison also reveals that the El Soplao δ18O is structurally similar to the other
archives in south-western Europe and the NGRIP ice-core record.
A practical method for assigning uncertainty and improving the accuracy of alpha-ejection corrections and eU concentrations in apatite (U-Th)/He chronology
Authors: Zeigler Spencer D. , Metcalf James R. , Flowers Rebecca M.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Apatite (U-Th)/He (AHe) dating generally assumes that grains can be accurately and precisely modeled as geometrically perfect hexagonal prisms or ellipsoids in order to compute the apatite volume (V), alpha-ejection corrections (FT), equivalent spherical radius (RFT), effective uranium concentration (eU), and corrected (U-Th)/He date. It is well-known that this assumption is not true. In this work, we present a set of corrections and uncertainties for V, FT, and RFT aimed at 1) “undoing” the systematic deviation from the idealized geometry and 2) quantifying the contribution of geometric uncertainty to the total uncertainty budget on eU and AHe dates. These corrections and uncertainties can be easily integrated into existing laboratory workflows at no added cost, can be routinely applied to all dated apatite, and can even be retroactively applied to published data. To quantify the degree to which real apatite deviate from geometric models, we selected 267 grains that span the full spectrum of commonly analyzed morphologies, measured their dimensions using standard 2D-microscopy methods, and then acquired 3D scans of the same grains using high-resolution computed-tomography. We then compared the V, FT, and RFT calculated from 2D-microscopy measurements with those calculated from the ‘real’ 3D measurements. We find that apatite V, FT, and RFT values are all consistently overestimated by the 2D microscopy method, requiring correction factors of 0.74–0.83 (or 17–26 %), 0.91–0.99 (or 1–9 %), and 0.85–0.93 (or 7–15 %), respectively. The 1s uncertainties on V, FT, and RFT are 20–23 %, 1–6 %, and 6–10 %, respectively. The primary control on the magnitude of the corrections and uncertainties is grain geometry, with grain size exerting additional control on FT uncertainty. Application of these corrections and uncertainties to a real dataset yields 1s analytical and geometric uncertainties of 15–16 % on eU and 3–7 % on the corrected date. These geometric corrections and uncertainties are substantial and should not be ignored when reporting, plotting, and interpreting (U-Th)/He datasets. The Geometric Correction Method presented here provides a simple and practical tool for deriving more accurate FT and eU values, and for incorporating this oft neglected geometric uncertainty into AHe dates.
Mode-1 N2 internal tides observed by satellite altimetry
Authors: Zhao Zhongxiang
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Satellite altimetry provides a unique technique for observing the sea surface height (SSH) signature of internal tides from space. Previous studies have constructed empirical internal tide models for major tidal constituents M2, S2, K1, and O1. Minor tidal constituents are difficult to observe, due to their weak SSH signals. The advances in mapping technique, combined with the accumulation of satellite altimetry data, make it possible to construct empirical models for minor internal tidal constituents. In this paper, the global mode-1 N2 internal tides (the fifth largest oceanic tidal constituent) are observed using 100 satellite-years of SSH data from 1993 through 2019. This paper employs a newly-developed mapping procedure that includes two rounds of plane wave analysis and a two-dimensional bandpass filter in between. Thanks to the large SSH data set and the new mapping procedure, we can observe mode-1 N2 internal tides with O (1 mm) SSH amplitudes. The results are confirmed using independent satellite altimetry data in 2020 and 2021. The satellite observations show that N2 and M2 internal tides have similar spatial patterns, and that the N2 amplitudes are about 20 % of the M2 amplitudes. Both features mimic their barotropic counterparts. The satellite observations also show that N2 and M2 internal tides can propagate hundreds to thousands of kilometers in the open ocean, but at different phase speeds as predicted by theory.
Strategies for Regional Modelling of Surface Mass Balance at the Monte Sarmiento Massif, Tierra del Fuego
Authors: Temme Franziska , Farías-Barahona David , Seehaus Thorsten , Jaña Ricardo , Arigony-Neto Jorge , Gonzalez Inti , Arndt Anselm , Sauter Tobias , Schneider Christoph , Fürst Johannes Jakob
Published: October 2022

Abstract. This study investigates strategies for melt model calibration in the Monte Sarmiento Massif (MSM), Tierra del Fuego, with the goal to achieve realistic simulations of the regional surface mass balance (SMB). Applied calibration strategies range from a local single-glacier calibration to a regional calibration with the inclusion of a snowdrift parametrization. We apply four SMB models of different complexity. This way, we examine the model transferability in space, the benefit of regional mass change observations and the advantage of increasing the complexity level regarding included processes. Measurements include ablation and ice thickness observations at Schiaparelli Glacier as well as elevation changes and flow velocity from satellite data for the entire study site. Performance of simulated SMB is validated against geodetic mass changes and stake observations of surface melting. Results show that transferring SMB models in space is a challenge, and common practices can produce distinctly biased estimates. Model performance can be significantly improved by the use of remotely sensed regional observations. Furthermore, we have shown that snowdrift does play an important role for the SMB in the Cordillera Darwin, where strong and consistent winds prevail. The massif-wide average annual SMB between 2000 and 2022 falls between -0.25 and -0.07 m w.e. yr-1, depending on the applied model. SMB is mainly controlled by surface melting and snowfall. The model intercomparison does not indicate one obviously best-suited model for SMB simulations in the MSM.
Amino acid racemization in Neogloboquadrina pachyderma and Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi from the Arctic Ocean and its implications for age models
Authors: West Gabriel , Kaufman Darrell S. , Jakobsson Martin , O'Regan Matt
Published: October 2022

Abstract. We report the results of amino acid racemization (AAR) analyses of aspartic and glutamic acids in the planktic foraminifera, Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, and the benthic species, Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi, collected from sediment cores from the Arctic Ocean. The cores were retrieved at various deep-sea sites of the Arctic, which cover a large geographical area; from the Greenland and Iceland seas to the Alpha and Lomonosov Ridges in the central Arctic Ocean. Age models for the investigated sediments were developed by multiple dating techniques, including oxygen isotope stratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy, bio-, litho-, and cyclostratigraphy. The extent of racemization (D/L values) was determined on 95 samples (1028 subsamples) and shows a progressive increase downcore for both foraminifera species. Differences in the rates of racemization between the species were established by analysing specimens of both species from the same stratigraphic levels (n = 21). Aspartic acid and glutamic acid racemize on average 16±2 % and 23±3 % faster, respectively, in C. wuellerstorfi than in N. pachyderma. D/L values typically increase with sample age, with a trend that follows a simple power function. Scatter around least square regression fits are larger for samples from the central Arctic Ocean than for those from the Nordic Seas. Calibrating the rate of racemization in C. wuellerstorfi using independently dated samples from the Greenland and Iceland seas for the past 400 ka enables estimation of sample ages from the central Arctic Ocean, where bottom water temperatures are similar. The resulting ages are older than expected when considering the existing age models for the central Arctic Ocean cores. These results confirm that the differences are not due to taxonomic effects and further warrant a critical evaluation of existing Arctic Ocean age models and the environmental factors that may influence racemisation rates in central Arctic Ocean sediments.
Low sensitivity of three terrestrial biosphere models to soil texture over the South American tropics
Authors: Meunier Félicien , Verbruggen Wim , Verbeeck Hans , Peaucelle Marc
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Drought stress is an increasing threat for vegetation in tropical
regions, within the context of human-induced increase of drought frequency and severity observed over South American forests. Drought stress is induced when a plant's water demand is not met with its water supply through root water uptake. The latter depends on root and soil properties, including soil texture (i.e. the soil clay and sand fractions) that determines the soil water availability and its hydraulic properties. Hence, soil clay content is responsible for a significant fraction of the spatial variability in forest structure and productivity. Soil-textural properties largely vary at the spatial resolution used by Terrestrial Biosphere Models (TBMs) and it is currently unclear how this variability affects the outputs of these models used to predict the response of vegetation ecosystems to future climate change scenarios. In this study, we assessed the sensitivity of the carbon cycle of three state-of-the-art TBMs, i.e. ORganizing Carbon and Hydrology in Dynamic EcosystEms (ORCHIDEEv2.2), Ecosystem Demography model version 2 (ED2), and Lund–Potsdam–Jena General Ecosystem Simulator (LPJ-GUESS) to soil-textural properties at the regional level over the South American tropics using model default pedotransfer functions. For all three TBMs, the model outputs, including gross primary productivity (GPP), aboveground biomass (AGB), soil carbon content and drought stress, were shown to be mostly insensitive to soil-texture changes representative of the spatial variability in soil properties, except for a small region characterised by very low water availability in ORCHIDEEv2.2 and ED2. We argue that generic
pedotransfer and simple drought stress functions, as currently implemented
in TBMs, should be reconsidered to better capture the role of soil texture
and its coupling to plant processes. Similarly, we suggest that better
estimates of the soil-texture uncertainty resulting from soil-texture data
aggregate should be considered in the future. Those steps forward are
critical to properly account for future increasing drought stress conditions in tropical regions.
Calidad del empleo creado en las cooperativas y sociedades laborales en la recuperación económica 2013-2016. Análisis del caso de España
Authors: Santero-Sánchez Rosa , Castro Núñez Rosa Belén
Published: October 2022

La economía social se caracteriza por una serie de principios diferenciales, entre los que cabe destacar la valorización del ser humano y la generación de valor social por encima de los resultados económicos o financieros. En términos de empleo, la literatura apunta a una mayor estabilidad y calidad del empleo, haciendo mención especial a las crisis económicas (Monzon y Chaves, 2012, 2017). Para el caso de España, la literatura empírica sobre cooperativas muestra evidencias que apoyan la idea de mayor estabilidad del empleo generado (Grávalos y Pomares, 2001, Díaz y Marcuello, 2010). El objetivo principal de este trabajo es analizar la contribución de las cooperativas y sociedades laborales en España a la cohesión social en términos de la calidad del empleo generado en la recuperación económica tras la Gran Recesión (periodo 2013-2016) a través de la generación de un indicador sintético de calidad laboral. Los resultados se comparan con un grupo de control formado por sociedades anónimas y limitadas, para estudiar las posibles diferencias en la calidad del nuevo empleo y la significatividad de las mismas. Los resultados apuntan ciertas diferencias entre las cooperativas y sociedades laborales y el grupo de control respecto a las características del empleo ligadas con la calidad del puesto laboral, aunque no todas son más favorables. De forma global, el indicador sintético muestra que los nuevos puestos de trabajo en cooperativas y sociedades laborales tienen mayor calidad que en el grupo de control, resultados influidos por el menor porcentaje de contratos a tiempo parcial observado en estas entidades.
POLITIK IDENTITAS LOKAL DALAM PROSES DEMOKRASI INDONESIA
Authors: Hermansyah Yus
Published: October 2022

The revival of identity politics at the local level in democracy in Indonesia goes hand in hand with the politics of decentralization. Actors and political elites use this issue to share the power cake under the pretext of justice and prosperity. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method through data collection and various literature which are then analyzed. The results of the study conclude that the factor of identity politics in democracy in Indonesia has not been touched substantially. Democracy is still stuck in procedural and ethnic identity sentiments which still lead to discriminatory practices and exclusivity for certain ethnicities.
POLA KOMUNIKASI KELUARGA DAN KEPERCAYAAN DIRI (STUDI KASUS PENGARUH POLA KOMUNIKASI ORANGTUA TERHADAP KEPERCAYAAN DIRI MAHASISWA ILMU KOMUNIKASI UNIVERSITAS PGRI RONGGOLAWE TUBAN)
Authors: Wardani Shintya Agustina , Kholid Kholid
Published: October 2022

This study is a quantitative study that aims to determine the effect of parental communication patterns on student self-confidence. The subjects in this study were Communication Studies students, PGRI Ronggolawe University, Tuban. Data collection methods used are questionnaires and documentation. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant effect of parental communication patterns on self-confidence. It can be seen from the results of the Hypothesis Test which shows that the significance value is 0.48 (<0.05), which means that H_1 is accepted and H_0 is rejected. With the direction of the relationship between the variable x and the variable y showing a positive ridge sign for the variable x and variable y.
Effects of Ergonomics Among Ophthalmologists on Pain and Function - An Interventional Study
Authors: Mewada Khyati , Shukla Yagna Unmesh
Published: October 2022

Background and objectives: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) are musculoskeletal problems that are generally caused in the workspace and may lead to diverse disorders affecting different parts of the musculoskeletal system. Body posture and movement, environmental factors, information and operation, and work organization are all factors that play a role in ergonomics. Hence, the effects of ergonomics on musculoskeletal pain and function among Ophthalmologists were studied.
Method: This study consisted of two phases, phase 1 was the screening phase and phase 2 was the intervention phase. The screening was done by a Nordic pain questionnaire and workplace ergonomic risk assessment (WERA). A total of 60 ophthalmologists were included in the intervention phase; they were randomly divided into two groups: The interventional group (ergonomic advice given) and the control group (ergonomic advice not given). Pre-intervention data and post-intervention data were taken for pain and function by numeric pain rating scale and patient-specific functional scale respectively. Post-intervention data were collected after 6 weeks.
Result: Within-group analysis of the interventional group and between-group analysis showed a significant difference indicating that there was a statistically significant reduction in the pain (p<0.05) and improvement in function (p<0.05) whereas within-group analysis of the control group did not show a significant difference.
Conclusion: Ergonomics is an effective measure for reducing pain and improving function among ophthalmologists.

Keywords: Ergonomics, Function, Pain, Ophthalmologists, Pain, Work-related musculoskeletal disorders, WRMSDs.
ANATOMICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE AVIAN UTERUS OF THE OVIDUCT IN A CHICKEN
Authors: Dikikh A. A. , Pervenetskaya M. V. , Fomenko L. V.
Published: October 2022

The purpose of the study is to study the features of the macro- and microscopic structure of the avian uterus in the hen of the Haysex white cross. The objects of the study were 10 carcasses of adult hens, cross-hysex white, aged 160-180 days. To study the structure of the oviduct, the method of conventional and fine dissection was used. For histological examination, the material was fixed in a 10% aqueous solution of neutral formalin, followed by pouring into paraffin. As a result of our research, we noted that the avian uterus of the oviduct is a sac-like expansion of the oviduct, where the process of mineralization and egg shell coating is carried out. The mucous membrane of the bird's uterus in a chicken is assembled into primary, secondary and tertiary folds covered with a multi-row ciliated epithelium, with the presence of cambial, ciliated and goblet-shaped cells with densely arranged tubular glands. The nuclei of round-oval cells are compressed from the sides, located at different levels. The ducts of the tubular glands open to the surface of the folds. On the mucous membrane there are folds in the form of leaf-shaped plates, which are located longitudinally, covered with columnar ciliated epithelium. The mucous membrane of the avian uterus occupies 61.9% of the wall thickness, is represented by a multi-row ciliated epithelium. At the heart of its own plate of the mucous membrane of the avian uterus lies a large number of tubular glands. Due to the active secreting function, the mucous membrane of the avian uterus is 2.4 times larger than the thickness of the muscular membrane. The muscle membrane, occupying 26.3% of the wall thickness, consists of 5 -6 layers of longitudinal 4 layers of circular bundles of smooth muscle fibers, between which bundles of collagen and elastic fibers are located. The serous membrane accounts for 13.4% of the entire thickness of the uterine wall.
IMPROVEMENT OF CYSTOSTOMY TECHNIQUE FOR SMALL PETS
Authors: Khaouni N. , Shakirova F. V.
Published: October 2022

The present study was carried out to evaluate an innovative veterinary catheter for cystostomy that we have developed for small pets, while the technique is for the management of clinical cases of obstructive urolithiais, this operation including the new catheter is devoted to emergency and usual cases in order to minimize most frequent complications engender by other catheters and other procedures that are the most widely used in veterinary practice with urinary obstruction. Fifteen cats aged between 1 and 18 years formed the material of the study. Undoubtedly all animals were diagnosed with a complicated course of urolithiasis with complete urinary tract obstruction. Diagnosis of the disease was made based on anamnesis data besides to physical and ultrasonographic examinations, and equally important, urine and blood tests were also done. The confirmed cases of obstructive urolithiasis were handled via surgery, where the proposed catheter for cystostomy was used rather than other types of catheters which are the most commonly utilised in these cases. The surgical techniques was assessed on the basis of clinical parameters, blood and urine analysis, postoperative complications, furthermore and above all, the success level. After the operations the method has successfully removed the symptoms of urinary tract obstruction, haematobiochemical alterations returned to normalcy and the survival rate was complete.
From Commodity to Colonial Currencies: A History of Money in the Former Sokoto Province of Nigeria during Pre-Colonial and Colonial Periods
Authors: Y. Abubakar , U.A. Yandaki
Published: October 2022

Prior to the British conquest of Northern Nigeria in 1903, to which the former Sokoto Province area of Nigeria belonged, the region had an organised economy consisting of an agricultural system that produced not only foodstuffs but also raw materials and supplies for industries and international trade. There were systems of markets, taxation, credit, as well as local and long distance trade. There were also many kinds of currencies used as medium of exchange. The currencies are being referred to differently by various scholars. Some of the names given to them include: ‘commodity’, ‘trade’, ‘traditional’ or ‘local’ currencies. They include slaves, cloths, cowries, manilla, iron rods, silver, gold, Maria Theresa dollars, etc. Some of them had very limited areas in which they were used as currency while others were used over a vast area. Moreover, some of them such as slaves and cloth were locally sourced and had other uses than serving as currency. Others like cowries and silver dollars were obtained from far places such as Maldives Island in the Indian Ocean and various European and American countries respectively. However, when colonial rule was imposed on Africans, the colonial powers regarded the pre-colonial currencies not only as inefficient but also pernicious and then replaced them with colonial currencies. The colonial currencies were actually more portable, easily convertible and universally acceptable compared to the pre-colonial currencies. Thus, the British considered the pre-colonial currencies of the Nigerian area as ‘cumbersome’, which would not allow for international trade and incorporation of the country’s economy into that of the British capitalist economy. Consequently, the British coins were introduced and gradually they replaced the pre-colonial currencies as the only medium of exchange. This paper, therefore, examines the history of transition from the use of commodity to colonial currencies as media of exchange in the former Sokoto Province of Nigeria during the pre-colonial and colonial periods. Historical research methodology, through the use of primary and secondary sources, were employed to write the paper.
THE ROLE OF INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT DIPLOMACY AND INTERNATIONAL LAW IN BUSINESS PROVIDING PROTECTION FOR INDONESIAN MIGRANT WORKERS
Authors: Bakker Felix Ferdin , Dananjaya Muhammad Brian
Published: October 2022

With a population that is above average, Indonesia has a high number of migrant workers residing abroad. This happens because of the impact of globalization and is also one of Indonesia's ways to reduce unemployment in the country. It is undeniable that from this, there will be problems and obstacles that approach. The problem of migrant workers who are abroad is currently a special concern of the Indonesian government as a guarantee that the state's goal to protect the entire nation is carried out. By using descriptive research methods obtained from various sources listed, the authors get the data that will be presented in this paper. This writing also uses a normative juridical approach. Protection in the form of a legal umbrella from Indonesia and Indonesian legal entities abroad is an important factor as a support for protecting migrant workers. With a focus on international and national law, Indonesia tries its best to carry out this protection optimally.
A new Stability-indicating UHPLC for the simultaneous determination of a combination of Anti-viral drugs: Dolutegravir sodium, Lamivudine and Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
Authors: Kumar Kota Anil , Mathrusri Annapurna Mukthinuthalapati
Published: October 2022

Dolutegravir sodium, Lamivudine and Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate are anti-viral drugs. A new stability indicating UHPLC method has been proposed for the simultaneous determination of Dolutegravir sodium, Lamivudine and Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate tablets on gradient mode with 1.0mL/min flow rate and a diluent consisting of a mixture of phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) and acetonitrile (62: 38) was used for the study. Shimadzu NexeraX2 Model UPLC system with (PDA detector) Zorbax SB-C18 column (100mm × 4.60mm, 3.5μ) was employed for the present study. Beer-Lambert’s law was obeyed over the concentration range 5-900, 2-700 and 2-150µg/mL with linear regression equationsy = 1724.x-11307 (R² = 0.999), y = 1737.x-1009 (R² = 0.999) and y = 3538.x+587.5 (R² = 0.999) for Lamivudine, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and Dolutegravir sodium and the method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The LOQ values were found to be 4.4926, 1.8342 and 1.7963 µg/mL and that of LOD values as 1.4811. 0.6024 and 0.5903µg/mL forD Lamivudine, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and Dolutegravir sodium respectively. The combination of Dolutegravir sodium, Lamivudine and Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate was exposed to various stress conditions and the stability of the proposed method was carried out at UV detection 260nm. The proposed UHPLC method is simple, precise, accurate, robust and used for the routine analysis of tablet dosage forms.
Comparative Evaluation of Surface Roughness of different Composites and its effect on Colour Stability of the Restoration
Authors: B Nalini , Kumar Ch Srinivas , Rao VV Narsimha
Published: October 2022

The surface smoothness of the composite restoration plays a major role in maintaining the aesthetics and health of the surrounding tissues. The surface characteristics are mainly dictated by the constituents of the material and the kind of polishing system used. The present study was intended to evaluate and compare the surface roughness (Ra) and colour stability of Solare Sculpt, Filtek Bulk-Fill, and Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill composites. 20 specimens of Solare Sculpt and 10 specimens each of Filtek Bulk-Fill and Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill were prepared. 10 specimens of Solare Sculpt were left unpolished whereas all other specimens were polished either with Sof-Lex or Diacomp® Plus Twist followed by surface roughness and colour assessment. One way-ANOVA and Tukey’s posthoc tests were performed for pair-wise comparison. The unpolished Specimens showed less Ra values than the polished specimens. Filtek Bulk-Fill showed the lowest Ra (5.80nm) and Solare Sculpt showed the highest Ra (12.96nm) after polishing with Sof-Lex whereas Tetric N-Ceram showed the lowest Ra (7.91nm) and Solare Sculpt highest Ra (9.80nm) after polishing with Diacomp discs. And the colour change values were least for Filtek Bulk-Fill (4.02) and highest for Tetric N-Ceram (4.71). Though the composition and filler content of the composite & the type of polishing system plays an important role, no correlation has been found between the type of filler particles and the surface smoothness and between surface smoothness and the colour stability signifying the fact that surface roughness and the colour stability may depend on many factors.
Pharmacognostical and Preliminary Phytochemical Evaluation of Atalantia monophylla DC. root and stem
Authors: Das Ashokkumar Nathulal , Acharya Rabinarayan , Pandya Preeti , CR Harisha , VJ Shukla
Published: October 2022

Background: Atalantia monophylla DC. (Syn. Limonia monophylla L.), family Rutaceae, root and stem have been reported for their use in rheumatism, arthritis, antidote to snake-bite, cough, allergies, skin diseases and as an antidote to snake-bite through ethnomedicinal claims. Present study reports a details pharmacognostic and preliminary physiochemical and phytochemical aspects of A. monophylla root and stem. Material and methods: The root and stem samples were collected after proper authentication from Athagarh forest Odisha India. Macroscopic observations were made with naked eyes, microscopy, powder microscopy, physicochemical and qualitative analysis and HPTLC studies of root and stem were carried out following Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India recommended and others standard protocols. Results and Discussion: Root were 5-7cm in length; flattened, L-shaped, easily peel-able and thick, outer yellowish brown and inner yellow in colour with rootlets and scars. Stem cylindrical, striated, greenish brown in colour. Diagrammatic transverse section of root and stem shows circular in shape, outer cork, cortex followed by central stellar region and circular in nature, outer epidermis followed by hypodermis, cortex, vascular bundle and centrally located large pith respectively. Microscopic powder character of root and stem shows prismatic crystal, parenchyma cell with oil globule, simple starch grains, brown content and rhomboidal crystal, pitted parenchyma cells, brown content, oil globule, simple and compound starch grains respectively. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of root and stem shows the presence of carbohydrates, glycosides, saponins, alkaloids, tannins and flavonoids. HPTLC study of root and stem shows 22 and 25 spots at short (254nm) and 24 and 27 spots at long (366nm) ultraviolet respectively. Conclusion: The results obtained from pharmacognostical, phytochemical, physicochemical characteristic along with HPTLC studies are the diagnostic tool of A. monophylla plant and will help in standardization of its root and stem in terms of its quality, strength, purity.
A Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant and Antidiabetic activities in vitro of Pergularia tomentosa L. leaves
Authors: Tatou Touahria , Zehour Rahmani , Zineb Rahmani , Asma Abid , Mahdi Belguidoum , Cheyma Bensaci
Published: October 2022

The present investigation is aimed at screening the bioactive compounds present in the leaves of Pergularia tomentosa L. an important ethnomedicinal plant. The qualitative analysis for the present phytochemicals was performed using MeOH/H2O extracts. Phytochemical analysis showed the existence of some primary and secondary metabolites, phenolic, flavonoids, cardenolides, tannins, alkaloids, quinones, terpenoids and glycoside; leaves contained the highest amounts of all these compounds. The highest total phenolic content and total tannins was observed in aqueous extract which is 2.59±0.49 mg GAE/g DW and 0.436±0.00 mg CE/g DW respectively. In addition, the highest total flavonoid content was observed in butanol extract which is 0.486±0.01mg QE/g DW. Reducing power assay and DPPH were employed to measure antioxidant activity in vitro, extracts were the most powerful antioxidants for the two-assay in vitro system. In addition, we investigated in vitro anti-diabetic activity of different extracts. The dichloromethane extract of Pergularia tomentosa L. showed strong antidiabetic antidiabetic activity.
Liquid Chromatographic Method Development and Validation for the Simultaneous Determination of Phenylephrine Hydrochloride, Paracetamol, Caffeine and Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride in Pure and Formulations
Authors: IM Nandeesha , C. Yallur Basappa , D. Hadagali Manjunatha
Published: October 2022

The objective of the proposed work was to develop and validate a simple and sensitive RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of four drugs viz., Phenylephrine hydrochloride (PNY), Acetaminophen (ACN) or Paracetamol (PAR), Caffeine (CFN) and Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride (DPH) in cough syrup combination. The Flourishing separation of four analytes were found by using a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) Shimadzu LC 2010 CHT and mobile phase consisting of methanol: buffer (0.1% v/v triethylamine pH-3.0 - adjusted with 0.1N Orthophosphoric acid) in the ratio of 45:55, waters sunfire C18 column (250mm, 4.6 mm and 5μ particle size). An isocratic elution with a flow rate was fixed at 1.0mLmin-1 and ambient temperature. Detection was carried out with wavelength at 220nm. The retention times of all analytes were stable at 2.2, 3.6, 4.5 and 6.42 minutes for PNY, ACN, CFN and DPH respectively. For these four drugs, the lower limit of detection (LOD) was 1.0, 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5μgmL-1 and the lower limit of quantification (LOQ) was 3.3, 1.7, 5.0 and 8.3μgmL-1, respectively. The calibration curves for PNY, ACN, CFN and DPH were found linear over the concentrations of 2.0-7.0, 1.5-7.5, 3.0-9.0 and 6.0-16.0μgmL-1 respectively. The inter- and intra-day of Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) were less than 2.0%. The developed method is hasty and stable for a combination of drugs, PNY, ACN/PAR, CFN and DPH. The proposed method was applicable for routine analysis of PNY, ACN, CFN and DPH quantification of these selected drugs for their assay in pure and wet cough syrup formulation.
In vitro Anti-cancer, Anti-inflammatory and Anti-arthritic activity of Ethanolic extract of Ochna obtusata leaves
Authors: Kumar Vakkalagadda Ravi , Lankalapalli Srinivas
Published: October 2022

Objective: The objective behind this study was to expose the prospective of ethanolic extract of Ochna obtusata (EEOO) for its in vitro anti-cancer anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities. Methods: The fresh leaves were used to prepare the extracts using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol, methanol and water in increasing order of the polarity of solvents. The EEOO was reported to have the presence of a few major phytoconstituents such as, Flavonoids, Phenolics, Glycosides, and Reducing Sugars which was confirmed by preliminary phytochemical screening. The in vitro MTT assay method has been performed with EEOO to evaluate the anti-cancer activity. Similarly, the HRBC Membrane Stabilization assay, Protein denaturation assay, and Protease inhibition assay methods were performed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity of EEOO. Results and Discussion: From the study, it was confirmed that the various phytoconstituents such as Flavonoids, Phenolics, and Terpenoids were responsible for the anti-cancer activity. Similarly, the prevention of RBC Membrane from its lysis, decrease in albumin denaturation, and protease inhibition was observed which significantly confirmed the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity of EEOO. Conclusion: It was finally concluded that the phytoconstituents present in the extract were responsible for its anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-arthritic activities.
Pancasila and the Recontextualization of Indonesia’s State Identity: International Relations Approach
Authors: Lukito Wendrik Sandwi , Permana Aditya , Prasetyo Ardian
Published: October 2022

Indonesia is a country with the largest Muslim population in the world. At the same time, it is also a very diverse country with abundant resources geopolitically. One of the most famous characteristics of Indonesia is Its multiculturalism, with its national motto “Unity in Diversity”. Several scholars argued that Pancasila, as Indonesia’s national ideology, plays part in assuring pluralism and multiculturalism in Indonesia. Historically, Pancasila was formulated as a unifying factor for Indonesia. However, certain “groups” like Aceh and Papua who claimed that they have distinct histories with Indonesian nationhood find it harder to have the same shared imagination that Pancasila holds those unifying elements. Furthermore, Pancasila’s position plays a big role in shaping the political behavior ideals of Indonesia, as it acts as the state identity of Indonesia. This paper focuses on analyzing the role of Pancasila as a unifying factor for Indonesia, which also shapes the identity of Indonesia and the recontextualization of Pancasila.
Strategi Internalisasi Asas Restorative Justice dalam Sistem Peradilan Indonesia
Authors: Mirza Isroni Muhammad Miraj , Zen Adrian Permana
Published: October 2022

Asas keadilan merupakan suatu asas yang tidak akan pernah habis untuk ditelaah. Salah satu prinsip keadilan yang ada di masyarakat, khususnya dunia hukum, ialah restorative justice. Asas restorative justice sudah sejak lama berada di tengah-tengah masyarakat Indonesia. Namun dilihat dari implementasinya, asas tersebut belum bisa diterapkan secara efektif dalam memberikan keadilan yang maksimal bagi para pencari keadilan. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan peranan dan strategi yang komprehensif dalam menginternalisasikan asas restorative justice baik secara normatif maupun praktik di masyarakat oleh berbagai elemen masyarakat dan pemerintah. Lembaga pemerintah yang memang berfungsi untuk membantu tercapainya hal itu ialah Badan Pembinaan Ideologi Pancasila (BPIP). Dalam hal ini, BPIP perlu menjadi Lembaga terdepan dalam membantu merumuskan dan menginternalisasikan asas tersebut melalui berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan yang ada sesuai nilai Pancasila sehingga masyarakat bisa merasakan dampak dari praktik restorative justice ini. Tulisan ini dibuat dalam rangka menganalisa kerangka kerja, strategi, maupun peranan yang bisa dilakukan BPIP dalam membantu mempercepat terwujudnya pelaksanaan restorative justice secara sistematik dan terintegrasi di seluruh ranah kebijakan peraturan perundang-undangan
My belly hurts and its hard to breath: A case report of OslerWeber Rendu syndrome
Authors:   Trios Health, Kennewick, WA, USA, Vicknair Nathan , Kheir Matthew ,   Trios Health, Kennewick, WA, USA, Steiner Rachael ,   Trios Health, Kennewick, WA, USA, Kanu Ernest ,   Trios Health, Kennewick, WA, USA
Published: October 2022

Osler Weber Rendu Syndrome (OWRS) also known as Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant vascular disorder that causes epistaxis, Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs), and telangiectasias. While Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a known and relatively common effect of OWRS, less common findings such as ischemic colitis have been reported. Here, we present a case of a patient with underlying OWRS who was found to have ischemic colitis.
Association between IL 37 gene variants (rs4241122 and rs2723186) and Graves disease risk
Authors:   Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Gholijani Nasser , Daryabor Gholamreza ,   Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Malekmakan Mohammad Reza ,   Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Kahmini Fatemeh Rezaei ,   Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Graves Disease (GD) is the most common cause of primary hyperthyroidism. It is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of thyrotropin related antibodies that stimulate thyroidal cells, resulting in an overproduction of thyroid hormones. It has been reported that cytokines might be involved in the GD pathogenesis. So, aim of the present study was to investigate the possible associations between IL-37 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and susceptibility to GD.
Nosocomial Pseudomonas aeruginosa meningitis after spinal anaesthesia: A case report
Authors:   Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine Antananarivo, Joseph Raseta Befelatanana University Hospital Antananarivo, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar, Andriamamonjisoa Johary Andriamizaka , Rakotomijoro Etienne ,   Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine Antananarivo, Joseph Raseta Befelatanana University Hospital Antananarivo, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
Published: October 2022

Background: Nosocomial meningitis after spinal anaesthesia is a very rare event and it can be functionally or vitally life threatening in the short term. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is responsible for severenosocomial infections including meningitis. Ceftazidime or cefepime are the reference treatments but none of these molecules are available in Madagascar. Cefoperazoneis little known in Europe and the United States but well known in Asian and African countries. We report the first case of nosocomialmeningitis after spinal anaesthesia caused by Pseudomonas aerosinosa.
A moderna mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine induced pityriasis rubra pilaris
Authors:   National Skin Centre, Singapore., Lin Lydia Tang , Chia Hui Yi ,   National Skin Centre, Singapore., Oon Hazel H ,   National Skin Centre, Singapore.
Published: October 2022

Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is a papulosquamous disorder of unknown aetiology. We report the first case of PRP induced by the Moderna mRNA 1273 COVID 19 vaccine.
Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy syndrome mimicking Guillain-Barre syndrome: A case report and literature review
Authors:   Neurology Department, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Turkey., Inci Enes Tarık , Yoldas Tahir Kurtulus ,   Neurology Department, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Turkey.
Published: October 2022

Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) is rare autosomal recessive multisystem disorder characterized by severe gastrointestinal dysmotility and leads to cachexia, ptosis, external ophthalmoplegia, peripheral neuropathy, and leukoencephalopathy. Due to its complex clinical findings and non-specific symptoms, diagnosis may be delayed or patients may be misdiagnosed. Multidisciplinary follow-up and treatment of patients is important because it affects many systems and does not have a specific treatment.
A generációváltás akadályai és ösztönzői a magyar mezőgazdaságban
Authors: Hamza Eszter
Published: October 2022

A mezőgazdaság jövője szempontjából az egyik legnagyobb kihívás a generációs megújulás, hiszen a gazdaságvezetők elöregedése a fiatal gazdákat segítő támogatások, intézkedések ellenére is évtizedek óta tartó probléma mind az európai Unióban, mind Magyarországon. A tanulmány szakirodalmi források, szekunder adatok elemzése, valamint két primer kérdőíves adatgyűjtés és szakértőkkel, gazdálkodókkal készített interjúk tapasztalatai alapján arra keresi a választ, hogy hazánkban mi jellemző a mezőgazdasági vállalkozások generációváltási folyamatára, mely üzemtípusokban jelenti a legnagyobb problémát, melyek a gazdaságátadás legfőbb akadályai és milyen eszközök segíthetik azt a leghatékonyabban. A kutatás kitér továbbá a támogatáspolitika és szabályozás generációváltásra való befolyásának vizsgálatára is. Az eredmények rávilágítanak arra, hogy hazai környezetben a mezőgazdaságban a nemzedékváltás zömmel családon belül történik, legfőbb akadályozói az idős generáció alacsony gazdaságátadási hajlandósága mellett az átadást és öröklést érintő adminisztrációs terhek, a fiatalok földhöz és hitelhez jutási nehézségei, valamint az utódlás feltételeivel kapcsolatos információhiány. A kutatási eredmények szerint a megoldást a probléma komplex szemléletű, üzemtípus és szociodemográfiai jellemzők szerint differenciált kezelése jelentheti, amelyben a pénzügyi támogatások mellett az adózási, földügyi szabályozás, valamint a személyre szabott tudásátadás és információnyújtás együttesen segíti a mezőgazdasági üzemek fiatal generációknak történő átadását.