bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS' ABILITY TO MAKING CONCLUSIONS IN LEARNING OF STATIC ELECTRICITY
Authors: Hamidah Ulfa Nur , Mubarak Fatha Aulal
Published: July 2020

This research aims to examine the ability to make conclusions of students in learning science especially the static electricity material. The method is quantitative research with an analytic survey design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample in this study were all 33 students of vocational high school in Ponorogo city. This research was conducted with one meeting within a period of 2 hours of study. At this meeting the researcher provides an initial stimulus that can direct students towards the ability to make conclusions. Then researchers provide tests to measure the ability to draw conclusions. This data collection technique is done through tests of the ability to make conclusions,  as well as interviews with educators and students. This data analysis technique is through quantitative descriptive and qualitative descriptive. The results showed that the acquisition of indicator scores translated or identified problems 30.56; design or plan problem solving with a  score of 52.78; solve problems with a  score of  56.48, and the indicators explain or evaluate the results with the acquisition of a score of 55.56. Thus it can be concluded that the ability to make conclusions of students, shows an average value of 48.84 in the category of low inference ability.
COMPARISON OF SCIENCE LEARNING OUTCOME BETWEEN USING AND DO NOT USING PICTURE MEDIA ON STATE ISLAMIC ELEMENTARY STUDENTS
Authors: Hidayati Kurnia
Published: July 2020

Everything that has been achieved by students after conducting learning activities is called learning outcomes. In learning science at the elementary school level,needed media to improve learning outcomes. One of the media that can be used is picture media which are considered easy to make and inexpensive. This study uses quantitative methods with quasi-experimental designs consisting of experimental and control groups. Based on the calculation of the t test of science learning outcomes of third grade students of state islamic elementary  between those who use and do not use picture media, the value of t-count is 14.527 and t-table is 2.05 at the significance level of 5%. From the two values it is known that t-count> t-table, then Ho is rejected or Ha is accepted, so there is a difference in the learning outcomes of third grade tate islamic elementary students between those who use and do not use picture media.
NEED ANALYSIS OF INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA DEVELOPMENT WITH CONTEXTUAL APPROACH ON POLLUTION MATERIAL
Authors: Rosalina Sevie Safitri , Suhardi Andi
Published: July 2020

This study aims to find out information related to the needs of interactive multimedia with a contextual approach as a science learning media. This research is a research and development that refers to the ADDIE development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). Data collection techniques used were questionnaires, observations, and interviews and relevant literature studies. The population in this study is SMP Negeri 1 Jember. The samples in this study were 80 students of class VII and teachers of natural science subjects. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results of this study were obtained that the learning media used are still limited to textbooks and worksheets and there is no use of interactive multimedia so it is necessary to do interactive multimedia development on natural science materials especially environmental pollution materials that are appropriate to the needs of students in order to achieve learning objectives. Based on this it can be concluded that interactive multimedia with a contextual approach is needed to be developed in natural science subjects.
Front-matter
Authors: Siregar Tongku Nizwan
Published: July 2020

Vol. 14 No. 2, June 2020
Motivations, experiences and aspirations of Trainee Nursing Associates in England. A qualitative study
Authors: King Rachel Louise , Wood Emily , Robertson Steve , Ryan Tony , Tod Angela
Published: July 2020

Background The nursing associate role was developed in England in response to the ‘Shape of Caring’ review. It has been implemented to fulfil two aims; to bridge the gap between registered nurses and healthcare assistants, and to provide an alternative route into registered nursing in light of workforce shortages. Other high income countries deploy second level nurses within their healthcare systems, however the UK has a turbulent history with such roles. The previous state enrolled nurse was phased out in the 1990s, and more recently the assistant practitioner (AP) role has faced wide variation in titles, scope and pay. Little is known about those who have embarked on the new nursing associate training course and their experiences of the role. Methods An exploratory qualitative study was undertaken using focus groups of trainee nursing associates to generate in-depth discussion about their motivations, experiences of training, and career aspirations.Three focus groups (n=15) took place in December 2018 using a purposive sample of trainee nursing associates registered at a University in the North of England. Two researchers facilitated each group discussion at a time and place convenient for participants. The discussions were audio recorded, transcribed and data was analysed thematically.Results This study found that trainee nursing associates are motivated by affordable, local, career development. During training they face challenges relating to clinical support, academic workload and uncertainty about future career opportunities. They experience role ambiguity both individually and across the wider organisation. Trainee nursing associates rely on broad support networks to build their occupational identity.Conclusions The barriers and facilitators of trainee nursing associate personal development have implications for policy and practice relating to recruitment and retention. The findings increase our understanding of this emerging role, and have informed the development of a larger longitudinal cohort study. Further research is required to evaluate the impact of this new role.
Occurrence, virulence genes, and antimicrobial profiles of Escherichia coli O157 isolated from ruminants slaughtered in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Al-Ajmi Dawood , Rahman Shafeeq , Banu Sharmila
Published: July 2020

Background: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a major source of food-borne illness around the world. E. coli O157 has been widely reported as the most common STEC serogroup and has emerged as an important enteric pathogen. Cattle, in particular have been identified as a major E. coli O157:H7 reservoir of human infections; however, the prevalence of this organism in camels, sheep, and goats is less understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence and concentration of E. coli serotype O157 in the feces of healthy camels (n = 140), cattle (n =137), sheep (n = 141) and goats (n = 150) slaughtered in United Arab Emirates (UAE) for meat consumption between September 2017 and August 2018. We used immunomagnetic separation coupled with a culture-plating method to detect E. coli O157. Non-sorbitol fermenting colonies were assessed via latex-agglutination testing, and positive cultures were analyzed by performing polymerase chain reactions to detect genes encoding attaching and effacing protein (eaeA), hemolysin A (hlyA, also known as ehxA) and Shiga toxin (stx1 and stx2), and E. coli O157:H7 specific genes (rfb O157, uidA, and fliC). All E. coli O157 isolates were analyzed for their susceptibility to 20 selected antimicrobials.Results: E. coli O157 was observed in camels, goats, and cattle fecal samples at abundances of 4.3%, 2%, and 1.46%, respectively, but it was undetectable in sheep feces. The most prevalent E. coli O157 gene in all STEC isolates was stx2;, whereas, stx1 was not detected in any of the samples. The fecal samples from camels, goats, and cattle harbored E. coli O157 isolates that were 100% susceptible to cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and polymyxin B.Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first report on the occurrence of E. coli O157 in slaughter animals in the UAE. Our results clearly demonstrate the presence of E. coli O157 in slaughtered animals, which could possibly contaminate meat products intended for human consumption.
Infection of highly insecticide-resistant malaria vector Anopheles coluzzii with entomopathogenic bacteria Chromobacterium violaceum reduces its survival, blood feeding propensity and fecundity
Authors: Gnambani Edounou Jacques , Bilgo Etienne , Sanou Adama , Dabire Roch K. , Diabate Abdoulaye
Published: July 2020

Background This is now a concern that malaria eradication will not be achieved without the introduction of novel control tools. Microbiological control might be able to make a greater contribution to vector control in the future. The interactions between bacteria and mosquito make mosquito microbiota really promising from a disease control perspective. Here, we studied the impact of Chromobacterium violaceum infections isolated from both larvae and adult of wild caught Anopheles gambiae s.l. mosquitoes in Burkina Faso on mosquito survival, blood feeding and fecundity propensy. Methods To assess entomopathogenic effects of C. violaceum infection on mosquitoes, three different types of bioassays were performed in laboratory. These bioassays aimed to evaluate the impact of C.violaceum infection on mosquito survival, blood feeding and fecundity, respectively. During bioassays mosquitoes were infected through the well-established system of cotton ball soaked with 6% glucose containing C.violaceum.Results C. violaceum kills pyrethroid resistant mosquitoes An. coluzzii (LT80 of 8.78 days ± 0.18 at 108 bacteria cell/ml of sugar meal). Interestingly, this bacterium had other negative effects on mosquito lifespan by significantly reducing (~59%, P<0.001) the mosquito feeding willingness from day 4-post infection (~81% would seek a host to blood feed) to 9- day post infection (22 ± 4.62% would seek a host to blood feed). Moreover, C. violaceum considerably jeopardized the egg laying (~16 eggs laid /mosquitoes with C. violaceum infected mosquitoes vs ~129 eggs laid / mosquitoes with control mosquitoes) and hatching of mosquitoes (A reduction of ~22 % of hatching rate with C. violaceum infected mosquitoes). Compared to the bacterial uninfected mosquitoes, mosquitoes infected with C. violaceum showed indeed significantly higher retention rates of immature eggs and follicles. Conclusion These data showed important properties of Burkina Faso C. violaceum strains, which are highly virulent against insecticide resistant Anopheles coluzzii, and reduce both mosquito blood feeding and fecundity propensities. However, additional studies as the sequencing of C. violaceum genome and the potential toxins secreted will certainly provide useful information render it a potential candidate for the biological control strategies of malaria and other disease vectors.
The local transcriptional regulators SacR1 and SacR2 act as repressors of fructooligosaccharides metabolism in Lactobacillus plantarum
Authors: Chen Chen , Wang Linlin , Yu Haiyan , tian huaixiang
Published: July 2020

Background: In Lactobacillus plantarum , fructooligosaccharides (FOS) metabolism is controlled by both global and local regulatory mechanisms. Although catabolite control protein A has been identified as a global regulator of FOS metabolism, the functions of local regulators remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the roles of two local regulators, SacR1 and SacR2, in the regulation of FOS metabolism in L. plantarum both in vitro and in vivo .
Results: The inactivation of sacR1 and sacR2 affected the growth and production of metabolites for strains grown on FOS or glucose, respectively. A reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis of one wild-type and two mutant strains ( ΔsacR1 and ΔsacR2 ) of L. plantarum identified SacR1 and SacR2 as repressors of genes relevant to FOS metabolism in the absence of FOS, and these genes could be induced or derepressed by the addition of FOS. The analysis predicted four potential transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) in the putative promoter regions of two FOS-related clusters. The binding of SacR1 and SacR2 to these TFBSs both in vitro and in vivo was verified using electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation, respectively. A consensus sequence of WNNNNNAACGNNTTNNNNNW was deduced for the TFBSs of SacR1 and SacR2.
Conclusion: Our results identified SacR1 and SacR2 as local repressors for FOS metabolism in L. plantarum . The regulation is achieved by the binding of SacR1 and SacR2 to TFBSs in the promoter regions of FOS-related clusters. The results provide new insights into the complex network regulating oligosaccharide metabolism by lactic acid bacteria .
Developing a sociocultural framework of compliance: an exploration of factors related to the use of early warning systems among acute care clinicians
Authors: Flenady Tracy , Dwyer Trudy , Sobolewska Agnieszka , Lagadec Danielle Le , Connor Justine , Kahl Julie , Signal Tania , Browne Matthew
Published: July 2020

Background: Early warning systems (EWS) are most effective when clinicians monitor patients’ vital signs and comply with the recommended escalation of care protocols once deterioration is recognised.Objectives: To explore sociocultural factors influencing acute care clinicians’ compliance with an early warning system commonly used in Queensland public hospitals in Australia.Methods: This interpretative qualitative study utilised inductive thematic analysis to analyse data collected from semi-structured interviews conducted with 30 acute care clinicians from Queensland, Australia.Results: This study identified that individuals and teams approached compliance with EWS in the context of 1) the use of EWS for patient monitoring; and 2) the use of EWS for the escalation of patient care. Individual and team compliance with monitoring and escalation processes is facilitated by intra and inter-professional factors such as acceptance and support, clear instruction, inter-disciplinary collaboration and good communication. Noncompliance with EWS can be attributed to intra and inter-professional hierarchy and poor communication.Conclusions: The overarching organisational context including the hospital’s embedded quality improvement and administrative protocols (training, resources and staffing) impact hospital-wide culture and influence clinicians’ and teams’ compliance or non-compliance with early warning system’s monitoring and escalation processes. Successful adoption of EWS relies on effective and meaningful interactions among multidisciplinary staff.
Invisible contaminants and food security in former coal mining areas of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil
Authors: Blanco Graziela Dias , Sühs Rafael Barbizan , Brizola Escarlet , Corrêa Patrícia Figueiredo , Campos Mari Lucia , Hanazaki Natalia
Published: July 2020

Background: Mining activities have environmental impacts due to sediment movement and contamination of areas, and may also pose risks to people's food security. In Brazil, the majority of coal mining activities are in the south, in the Santa Catarina Carboniferous region. In this region, previously mined areas contaminated with heavy metals, frequently occur nearby inhabited zones. Mining is part of the daily life of local communities and its environmental impacts are visible in the landscape; however, plants with medicinal and food use from these areas can be still consumed. Heavy metals are contaminants that do not have odor, color, or taste, and are therefore difficult to detect. We aimed to verify whether people use plants from contaminated mine areas, and understand which factors can influence the use of these resources, even from areas visibly impacted. Methods: We conducted 195 semi-structured interviews with residents from 14 areas nearby abandoned mines in the main municipalities of the Santa Catarina Carboniferous region. We asked each interviewee about the length of time they lived in the region, their perception of the quality of the environment, and what plant species were used and for what purpose. We constructed generalized multivariate linear models to verify which variables can affect the group of species mentioned and generalized linear models to verify which variables can affect the total number of citations. We estimated the frequency of citing species collected using the Smith index.Results: From all interviewees, 127 (65%) reported collecting plants for medicinal and food use, directly from contaminated mine areas. Long-term residents, as well as those who noticed more environmental changes (positive and negative), cited more plants used and had more detailed knowledge of plant use in their communities. When asked if they were aware of the possible contamination of mined areas, 85% said they knew about it. However, only 10% associated negative health effects with the use of plant species collected in contaminated mined areas. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that people living nearby contaminated areas use and consume locally sourced plants, e.g., people know little about the danger of this contamination in their food and the risk of these contaminants to their health. These results also reveal a lack of information about contamination, as well as a lack of actions that include local communities in contaminated area restoration strategies. This situation poses a risk to the food security of the people living nearby former coal mining areas.
Common Breastfeeding Problems and Their Effect on The Continuation of Exclusive or Predominant Breastfeeding in Kinshasa
Authors: Babakazo Pelagie , Bosonkie Marc , Mafuta Eric , Mvuama Nono , Mapatano Mala-Ali
Published: July 2020

Background: Breastfeeding has numerous advantages for infant, mother and society. However, many mothers discontinue breastfeeding due to problems they encounter. This study aimed to identify problems commonly experienced by breastfeeding mothers during the first six months in Kinshasa and to determine their effect on the continuation of exclusive or predominant breastfeeding.Methods: A prospective cohort study was carried out in Kinshasa from October 2012 to July 2013. A total of 422 mother-infant couples were recruited shortly after being discharged from twelve maternity facilities in Kinshasa and followed-up for six months. Interviews were conducted at the mother’s house during the first week after birth, and thereafter at monthly intervals for six months. Data included mother’s sociodemographic characteristics, the breastfeeding problems she experienced and information on child’s feeding. The Cox Proportional Model was used to determine the effect of breastfeeding problems on the continuation of exclusive or predominant breastfeeding.Results: Cracked or sore nipples, insufficient production of milk and breast engorgement were the most commonly experienced problems by lactating mothers. The problems occurred mainly during the first week (17.1%; CI95% 13.7–21.1) and the rest of the first month (16.2%; CI95% 12.8–20.3). Experiencing breastfeeding problems during any period negatively affected the continuation of exclusive or predominant breastfeeding.Conclusions: The first month after birth presents the most risk for the occurrence of breastfeeding problems. Those problems negatively affect the course of breastfeeding. Mothers should be supported as soon as possible after delivery, to improve their breastfeeding performance and to be informed on how to maintain breast milk supply.
Spinal Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis: An Easily Overlooked Treatable Disorder
Authors: Atallah Isis , Millán Diego San , Benoît Wicki , Campos-Xavier Belinda , Superti-Furga Andrea , Tran Christel
Published: July 2020

Background: Classic cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX; OMIM #213700) manifests itself in childhood with chronic diarrhea, juvenile cataracts, tendon xanthomas and neurological symptoms. Biallelic inactivation of CYP27A1 is responsible for cholesterol 27-hydroxylation, leading to cholestanol accumulation in the central nervous system, eyes and tendons. Less commonly, the disease can present in young adults as spastic paraparesis in the absence of xanthomas. Methods: We report on a 28-year old woman diagnosed with CTX who worsened, under treatment, a spinal form of CTX. A review of spinal CTX in the literature is also described. Spinal CTX patients were identified by searching in Pubmed, EMBASE™ and Web of Science databases. Only patients with clinical features of spinal CTX and/or with a typical spinal MRI were included.Results: A woman presented with chronic diarrhea and progressive spastic paraparesis in her twenties. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed cerebral atrophy with diffuse periventricular white matter hyperintensities. Spinal MRI was normal. CYP27A1 gene sequencing confirmed the diagnosis of CTX. Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) treatment was introduced with remission of diarrhea. Treatment was discontinued several times and patient developed psychosis and an ataxospastic gait. Spinal MRI revealed new linear hyperintensities of the corticospinal and gracile tracts, compatible with spinal CTX. Thirty-three patients with spinal CTX were identified in the literature. All patients presented pyramidal signs and 48% dorsal column signs. Juvenile cataracts were described in 78% of patients, chronic diarrhea in 65%, and tendon xanthomas in 31%. Disease improvement or stabilization with chenodeoxycholic acid was observed in 69% of patients. A higher prevalence of the Arg395Cys allele was observed in patients with spinal CTX as compared to CTX in general (ᵡ2; p<0.00001).Conclusions: The diagnosis of spinal CTX can be easily missed or delayed in absence of xanthomas. There is a higher prevalence of the Arg395Cys allele in spinal CTX as compared to classic childhood-onset CTX. CDCA treatment seems to stabilize or improve clinical symptoms in most patients. However, as seen in our patient and in two previously reported cases, sudden interruption of CDCA may lead to irreversible neurological complications.
Sialylated Human Milk Oligosaccharides Prevent Intestinal Inflammation by Inhibiting Toll Like Receptor 4-Mediated Inflammatory Events in Necrotizing Enterocolitis Rats and Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Human Colonic Epithelial Caco-2 Cells
Authors: Zhang Wenting , Heyang Jingqiu , Tu Wenjuan , Zhou Xiaoying
Published: July 2020

BackgroundNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains a fatal gastrointestinal disorder in neonates and has very limited therapeutic options. Sialylated human milk oligosaccharides (SHMOs) improve pathological changes in experimental NEC models. The objectives of this study were to investigate the involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome in NEC pathology and to explore the effects of SHMOs on toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)/NLRP3 inflammatory pathway in experimental NEC. MethodsThe intestinal-tissue segments were collected from NEC infants, NLRP3 and caspase-1 positive cell were examined by immunohistochemistry. Newborn rats were hand-fed with formula containing or non-containing SHMOs (1500 mg/L) and exposed to hypoxia/cold stress to induce experimental NEC. The NEC pathological scores were evaluated; ileum protein expression of TLR4, inhibitor κB-α (IκB-α), NF-κB p65 subunit and phospho-NF-κB p65, as well as NLRP3 and caspase-1 were analyzed; ileum concentrations of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were also measured. Human colon epithelial Caco-2 cells were pre-treated with or without SHMOs and stimulated with TLR4 activator, lipopolysaccharide. Cell proliferation, mitochondrial membrane potential and supernatant matrix metalloprotease 2 (MMP-2) expression were analyzed. ResultsIncreased frequencies of NLRP3 and caspase-1 positive cells were found in the lamina propria of damaged intestinal area of NEC neonates. SHMOs supplementation reduced NEC incidence and pathological damage scores of rats challenged with hypoxia/cold stress. Accumulation of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and TNF-α in NEC group were attenuated in SHMOs+NEC group. Protein expression of TLR4, NLRP3 and caspase-1 were elevated, cytoplasmic IκB-α were reduced, nuclear phospho-NF-κB p65 were increased in the ileum of NEC rats. SHMOs supplementation ameliorated the elevation of TLR4, NLRP3 and caspase-1, restored IκB-α in the cytoplasmic fraction and reduced phospho-NF-κB p65 in the nuclear fraction in the ileum of NEC rats. SHMOs pre-treatment improved Caco-2 cell proliferation, mitigated loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and modulated MMP-2 expression in the presence of lipopolysaccharide in-vitro.ConclusionsThis study provided clinical evidence of involvement of NLRP3 in NEC pathology, and demonstrated the protective actions of SHMOs might be associated with the modulation of TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway and related inflammatory everts in NEC.
Genome-scale Co-occurrence and Co-transcription Networks Reveal Key Microbial Taxa in Mangrove Sediments
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhou Zhichao , Yang Yuchun , Li Meng
Published: July 2020

BackgroundMangroves are highly productive ecosystems, with one of the highest microbial diversities among all ecosystems. The concerted activity of microbial community in mangrove sediment mediates element cycling, but the underpinning mechanism of microbial synergy remains unknown. ResultsHere, we reconstructed 671 strain-resolved metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from three mangrove and two mudflat sediments in Mai Po Nature Reserve. We then inferred the genome-scale co-occurrence and co-transcription networks based on metabolic capacity and transcriptional activity of the carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles. We observed that the centrality was significantly higher in co-transcription networks than in co-occurrence networks, indicating that MAGs had stronger interrelationships when transcriptionally active. Further, we classified 57 microbes with low relative abundance (0.01–0.79%) as keystone taxa, which play key roles in the maintenance of co-transcription network structure, and participate in carbon transformations, denitrification, and sulfate reduction processes. One of the keystone taxa is a newly proposed deltaproteobacterial order, Candidatus Mangrovidesulfobacterales, capable of dissimilatory sulfate reduction and an anaerobic mixotrophic lifestyle. These findings highlight the ecological importance of rare species. ConclusionsCollectively, this first screening of the potential keystone taxa in mangrove ecosystem based on genome-scale transcriptomic analysis revealed unique microbial functional assemblages, shedding light on microbial synergism in this ecosystem.
A systematic interpolatory method for an impurity in a one-dimensional fermionic background
Authors: Lindgren Erik Jonathan , Barfknecht Rafael , Zinner Nikolaj
Published: July 2020

We explore a new numerical method for studying one-dimensional quantum systems in a trapping potential. We focus on the setup of an impurity in a fermionic background, where a single distinguishable particle interacts through a contact potential with a number of identical fermions. We can accurately describe this system, for various particle numbers, different trapping potentials and arbitrary finite repulsion, by constructing a truncated basis containing states at both zero and infinite repulsion. The results are compared with matrix product states methods and with the analytical result for two particles in a harmonic well.
Primitive and Traditional Art in Modern Art Theory and Practice
Authors: Novikova Marina Mikhailovna
Published: July 2020

The article is devoted to identifying the points of contact between primitive and modern cultures. The subject matter is based on the theory and practice of artistic creativity, its origins and aesthetic potential. The article reveals the degree of influence of the figurative-semantic and symbolic content of primitive and traditional culture on modern artistic creativity: on stylistic, formal techniques, themes, images; in General, on artistic thinking.
Current Paradigms in COVID-19 Research: Proposed Treatment Strategies, Recent Trends and Future Directions
Authors: Sharma Anil K. , Sharma Varruchi , Sharma Arun , Pallikkuth Suresh , Sharma Anil Kumar
Published: July 2020

Background:

Recent pandemic of coronavirus disease caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in humans is the third outbreak by this family of viruses leading to an acute respiratory infection, which has been a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.The virus belongs to the genus, Betacoronavirus, which has been recently reported to have significant similarity (>89%) to a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-related member of the Sarbecoviruses. Current researches are not sufficient to understand the etiological and immunopathobiological parameters related to COVID-19 so as to have a therapeutic solution to the problem.

Methods:

A structured search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literature has been carried out using focused review questions and inclusion/exclusion criteria. Further Standard tools were implied in order to appraise the quality of retrieved papers. The characteristic outcomes of screened research and review articles along with analysis of the interventions and findings of included studies using a conceptual framework have been described employing a deductive qualitative content analysis methodology.

Results:

This review systematically summarizes the immune-pathobiological characteristics, diagnosis, potential therapeutic options for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 based on the current published literature and evidence. The current review has covered 125 peerreviewed articles, the majority of which are from high-income technically developed countries providing the most recent updates about the current understanding of the COVID-19 bringing all the significant findings and related researches together at a single platform. In addition, possible therapeutic interventions, treatment strategies and vaccine development initiatives to manage COVID-19 have been proposed.

Conclusions:

It is anticipated that this review would certainly assist the public in general and scientific community in particular to recognize and effectively deal with COVID-19, providing a reference guide for futuristic studies.
Emerging Aspects of Photo-catalysts (TiO2 & ZnO) Doped Zeolites and Advanced Oxidation Processes for Degradation of Azo Dyes: A Review
Authors: Hussain Syed M. , Hussain Tabassum , Faryad Moeen , Ali Qasim , Ali Shafaqat , Rizwan Muhammad , Hussain Abdullah I. , Ray Madhumita B. , Chatha Shahzad A.S.
Published: July 2020

Background:

Azo dyes are recognized as non-decomposable and recalcitrant compounds
and can be depleted into more dangerous secondary products in anaerobic environments. In the current
scenario, different water treatment strategies, including adsorption, photocatalysis, and advanced
oxidation processes based practices, are facing different limitations.

Method:

A literature survey was accomplished by searching the scientific data from different search
engines, including Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer, Taylor and Francis, Google Scholar,
Blackwell-Synergy, Wiley-Interscience and Research-Gate, etc. This article has been compiled after
intensively reviewing about 231 research papers, reviews, and book chapters in the fields of industrial
effluents, hazardous materials, and water treatment strategies with their advantages and limitations.

Results:

Molecular oxygen and other active species, such as O2•−, HO2•, H2O2, and •OH, play a significant
role in the degradation of dyes in AOPs and photocatalyst utilizes sunlight energy and accelerates
some chemical reactions depending upon the activation energies. Different reaction parameters,
including calcination temperature, pH, initial dye concentration, and catalyst dosage, have a significant
impact on photocatalytic degradation performance. Characterization of degradation processes
of dye-stuffs could be carried out by the state-of-the-art analytical techniques i.e. UV-Visible
spectroscopy, powdered XRD, FTIR (ATR), EDX-SEM, BET, and differential pulse voltammetry.
GC-MS and LC-MS investigation of photodegradation by-products and intermediates could provide
identification and possible degradation pathway for target dye molecules. This review covers research
related to photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes by TiO2 and ZnO, widely used photocatalysts,
and various combinations of zeolites.

Conclusion:

It can be concluded that the combination of nano-sorbents (Fly Ash Zeolites) and photocatalysts
not only enhances the degradation but also effectively removes toxic dye molecules and
their by-products. The review explains the suitability of synergic applications of catalysts (TiO2,
ZnO) and catalytic bed (zeolites) for different industrial effluents and waste water treatment at a significant
pace towards green technology.
Colorectal Cancer Classification and Survival Analysis Based on an Integrated RNA and DNA Molecular Signature
Authors: Mohammed Mohanad , Mwambi Henry , Omolo Bernard
Published: July 2020

Background:

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer among women
and men in the USA, and recent studies have shown an increasing incidence in less developed
regions, including Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We developed a hybrid (DNA mutation and RNA
expression) signature and assessed its predictive properties for the mutation status and survival of
CRC patients.

Methods:

Publicly-available microarray and RNASeq data from 54 matched formalin-fixed
paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples from the Affymetrix GeneChip and RNASeq platforms, were
used to obtain differentially expressed genes between mutant and wild-type samples. We applied
the support-vector machines, artificial neural networks, random forests, k-nearest neighbor, naïve
Bayes, negative binomial linear discriminant analysis, and the Poisson linear discriminant analysis
algorithms for classification. Cox proportional hazards model was used for survival analysis.

Results:

Compared to the genelist from each of the individual platforms, the hybrid genelist had
the highest accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and AUC for mutation status, across all the classifiers
and is prognostic for survival in patients with CRC. NBLDA method was the best performer on the
RNASeq data, while the SVM method was the most suitable classifier for CRC across the two data
types. Nine genes were found to be predictive of survival.

Conclusion:

This signature could be useful in clinical practice, especially for colorectal cancer
diagnosis and therapy. Future studies should determine the effectiveness of integration in cancer
survival analysis and the application on unbalanced data, where the classes are of different sizes,
as well as on data with multiple classes.
Snake Venom Proteins Isolated from Tunisian Vipers: Pharmacological and Therapeutic Overview
Authors: Morjen Maram , Abdelkafi-Koubaa Zaineb , Jebali Jed , Messadi Erij , Srairi-Abid Najet , Luis José , Marrakchi Naziha
Published: July 2020

:

The venoms of Tunisian wildlife snakes are complex mixtures containing proteins/
peptides and non-protein molecules. Proteins and peptides are the most abundant compounds
responsible for the biological effects of venoms. Snake venoms proteins have enzymatic or nonenzymatic
activities, which are grouped into different families, including C-type lectin proteins,
disintegrins (long, medium and short disintegrins), Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitors, natriuretic-
like peptides, vascular endothelial growth factor-related proteins, L-amino acid oxidases,
phospholipases A2 and serine proteinases. With technological advancements, the toxic effects of
venoms were turned into potential benefits for clinical diagnosis, basic research and development of
new research tools and drugs of potential clinical use. Our research team has shown that Macrovipera
lebetina and Cerastes cerastes venom components of Tunisian wildlife snakes had great potential
for the development of new drugs for the treatment of cancer, angiogenesis disorders or cardiovascular
diseases. This review is an overview of snake venom proteins from Macrovipera lebetina
and Cerastes cerastes and their biochemical, pharmacological and molecular characterization
and their importance as protein resources with therapeutic potential.
IMPROVING THE EXCITEMENT AND THE ACTIVENESS OF KINDERGARTENERS USING "MAJEDA" BASED ON CHILDREN PLAYS
Authors: Suherman Wawan Sundawan , Sutapa Panggung , Dapan Dapan
Published: July 2020

This study was aimed at developing Majeda teaching learning model based on children plays in effort to improve the excitement and the activeness of kindergarteners and the guideline of use. The study was research and development of the Borg and Gall model designed in three stages: first, preliminary studies and learning model design; second, small-scale and large-scale pilotage of Majeda; and third, operational try-out of Majeda, the revision of the guideline, and drafting of dissemination plan. The study was conducted in ten kindergartens namely, PKK Widodo, Tunas Muda Kledokan, PKK Temanggal, ABA Klepu, Pedagogia, ABA KKN Pantai Baru, Pembina Galur, ABA Dlaban Pogangan Sentolo, Wonosari 1, and ABA Karangmojo XVII. The finding shows that play-based Majeda is able to increase the excitement and the activeness of the kindergarten students in learning. Therefore, the developed Majeda is accountable to be used in teaching learning processesPENINGKATAN KEGEMBIRAAN DAN KEAKTIFAN SISWA TK DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DENGAN "MAJEDA" BERBASIS DOLANAN ANAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan "Model Pembelajaran Majeda Berbasis Dolanan Anak" untuk meningkatkan kegembiraan dan keaktifan siswa TK dan pedoman penggunaannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian dan pengembangan dari Borg dan Gall, dan dirancang dalam tiga tahapan: pertama, studi pendahuluan dan perancangan model pembelajaran; kedua, pengujicobaaan skala kecil dan skala besar Majeda Berbasis Dolanan Anak; dan ketiga, pengujioperasionalan Majeda Berbasis Dolanan Anak, revisi panduan penggunaannya, dan penyusunan rancangan diseminasi Majeda Berbasis Dolanan Anak. Uji lapangan Majeda Berbasis Dolanan Anak diselenggarakan di sepuluh Taman Kanak-Kanak (TK), yaitu TK PKK Widodo, TK Tunas Muda Kledokan, TK PKK Temanggal, TK ABA Klepu, TK Pedagogia, TK ABA KKN Pantai Baru, TKN Pembina Galur, TK ABA Dlaban Pogangan Sentolo, TKN 1 Wonosari, dan TK ABA Karangmojo XVII. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Majeda Berbasis Dolanan Anak mampu meningkatkan kegembiraan dan keaktifan siswa TK dalam pembelajaran. Oleh karena itu, Majeda Berbasis Dolanan Anak dianggap tepat digunakan dalam pembelajaran di TK
RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM FOR VOCATIONAL MAJOR STREAMING BY C4.5 ALGORITHM
Authors: Prabowo Indra Mukti , Subiyanto Subiyanto
Published: July 2020

This study was aimed at presenting decision tree model using C4.5 algorithm in developing a major selection system for vocational schools. The study was reseach and development using questionnaires and documentation as data collection instruments. The input variables were: interest, academic talent, National Exam score, and gender. The target variable was choice of majors. Decision trees were used to analyze the data from grade 10 of vocational schools Batang in District. The C4.5 Algorithm was used to build decision trees in describing the relationship between the input variables and the target variable in the form of patterns. The patterns were used as a guide for the classification of the input variables into the target variable. The data were analyzed by comparing results of the output system and students’ highest parallel ranking. Results show that the system is able to provide appropriate recommendations up to 83.33% out of the 48 tested dataSISTEM REKOMENDASI PENJURUSAN SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN DENGAN ALGORITMA C4.5Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyajikan model decision tree dengan algoritma C4.5 dalam mengembangkan sistem rekomendasi pemilihan jurusan untuk calon siswa baru Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK). Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah research and development (R&D). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik angket dan studi dokumentasi. Variabel input yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini antara lain: minat, bakat akademik, nilai ujian nasional, dan jenis kelamin. Pilihan jurusan menjadi variabel target. Decision tree digunakan dalam menganalisis data siswa kelas 10 SMK se-Kecamatan Batang. Algoritma C4.5 digunakan untuk membangun decision tree yang menggambarkan hubungan antara variabel input dengan variabel target dalam bentuk pola. Pola tersebut digunakan sebagai aturan untuk proses klasifikasi variabel input ke dalam variabel target. Data penelitian dianalisis dengan cara membandingkan hasil output system dengan data siswa kelas 10 dengan tiga besar ranking paralel sebagai data uji. Hasil uji sistem menunjukkan bahwa sistem dapat memberikan rekomendasi yang tepat sebesar 83,33% dari 48 data uji
CHARACTER BUILDING AND CREATIVITY IN EARLY CHILDHOOD THROUGH TOTAL PHYSICAL RESPONSE WARM UP GAME
Authors: Ambarini Ririn
Published: July 2020

This study was aimed at determining the improvement of the character building and creativity levels of the students through TPR Warm Up Game. The study was action research including the activities of planning, implementation, data collection, and data analysis. The study was conducted in the second semester of the school year 2011/2012. The subjects were teachers and students of Class A of Doa Ibu kindergarten. Data were collected through observation, field notes, interviews, and documentation. The validity of the data was verified by triangulation. The data were analyzed using the descriptive qualitative flow model. Results show that there was an improvement in the character building and creativity levels of students after the implementation of the TPR Warm up Game. Improvement was also indicated by creative reactions, longer attention spans, self-confidence/organization, the expression of ideas, development of imagination, and increament of new vocabulary. The success of character building and creativity improvement is also supported by the methods of giving the opportunities for exploration and giving motivation in the form of praisesPENGEMBANGAN KARAKTER DAN KREATIVITAS ANAK USIA DINI MELALUI TOTAL PHYSICAL RESPONSE WARM UP GAMEPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan pengembangan karakter dan kreativitas anak melalui Total Physical Response (TPR) Warm Up Game. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas. Kegiatan penelitian meliputi perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengumpulan data, dan menganalisis data/informasi. Pelaksanaan penelitian direncanakan pada Semester II Tahun Pelajaran 2011/2012. Subjek penelitian adalah guru dan anak didik kelompok A TK Doa Ibu, Kecamatan Tembalang, Semarang. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, catatan lapangan, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Keabsahan data diperiksa dengan triangulasi. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif model alur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada peningkatan pengembangan karakter dan kreativitas anak melalui TPR Warm Up Game. Untuk meningkatkan pengembangan karakter dan kreativitas anak melalui TPR Warm Up Game juga didukung oleh beberapa indikator yaitu reaksi kreatif, rentang perhatian yang panjang, pengorganisasian diri/kepercayaan diri, mengaitkan ide atau gagasan/berekspresi, pengembangan imajinasi, dan penambahan kosakata baru. Selain itu, keberhasilan dalam peningkatan pengembangan karakter dan kreativitas juga didukung metode pendukung di antaranya adalah pemberian waktu untuk bereskplorasi dan pemberian motivasi berupa pujian
EVALUATION ON THEMATIC LEARNING IN THE PRIMARY SCHOOL
Authors: Kawuryan Sekar Purbarini , Pujiastuti Pratiwi , Ambarwati Unik
Published: July 2020

EVALUASI PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK DI SEKOLAH DASARAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan keefektifan pelaksanaan program pembelajaran tematik ditinjau dari komponen contexts, input, process, dan product (CIPP). Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan studi ex-post facto.Sampel penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah, guru, dan siswa kelas III pada Gugus Pakualaman I di Kota Yogyakarta. Data penelitian ini dikumpulkan menggunakan angket, lembar observasi, pedoman wawancara, dan studi dokumen. Data kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertama, pemahaman kepala sekolah terhadap visi dan tujuan pembelajaran tematik sudah sesuai dengan karakteristik dan hakikat pembelajaran tematik yang tertuang dalam dokumen Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan. Kedua, hasil evaluasi input menunjukkan 90% guru sudah memenuhi kualifikasi S1. Kompetensi pedagogik dan kepribadian mendapat nilai rerata baik, kompetensi profesional dan sosial mendapat nilai rerata cukup. Sarana dan prasarana penunjang pembelajaran secara kuantitatif belum memenuhi standar, dan secara kualitatif penggunaannya belum maksimal. Ketiga, hasil evaluasi komponen proses berada pada kriteria cukup. Keempat, produk belajar siswa mendapat penilaian rerata cukup.Kata kunci: evaluasi, pembelajaran tematik, sekolah dasarAbstractThis study was aimed at describing the effectiveness of thematic learning programs in terms of context, input, process, and product components (CIPP). The study used an ex-post facto research design. The subjects of the study were the principal, teacher, and third-grade students of Pakualaman IElementary School, Yogyakarta. The data were collected using questionnaires, observation sheets, interview guides, and documentary studies. The data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The results show that first, the school principal's understanding of the visions and objectives of thematic learning is in accordance with the characteristics and the nature of thematic learning contained in the KTSP document. Second, the results of the input evaluation show that 90% of the teachers have met the S1 qualification. Pedagogic and personality competency scores are rated as good, while professional and social competences are rated as fairly. The quantity of the learning facilities and infrastructure as learning aids have not met the standards. Learning aids have not been maximally used. Third, the evaluation results of the process are in the sufficient criteria. Fourth, the students’ learning products are average in rating.Keywords: evaluation, thematic learning, primary school