bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modulation of Abnormal Vasoconstriction Through 2‐Hydroxyisobutyrylation of Tropomyosin 3 Lys141: Targeting Histone Deacetylase 3 as a Key Approach
Authors: Pang Pan‐Pan , Liu Jiang‐Xin , Su Wen‐Bin , Gao Wen‐Cong , Qiao Guan‐Rong , Yuan Jing , Zheng Yong‐Tang , Zheng Chang‐Bo
Published: December 2024

Background

TPM3 (tropomyosin 3) is an actin‐binding protein in vascular smooth muscle cells, where posttranslational modifications critically regulate its actin affinity, influencing cardiovascular function. Emerging evidence suggests that Khib (2‐hydroxyisobutyrylation) plays a significant role in the cardiovascular system. Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) serves as an “eraser” of Khib marks. However, the impact of TPM3 de‐2‐hydroxyisobutyrylation on vascular contraction remains unclear.

Methods and Results

In this study, we employed mouse models and in vitro experiments to elucidate the mechanism by which phenylephrine‐induced HDAC3 activation drives vasoconstriction via de‐2‐hydroxyisobutyrylation of TPM3. Our findings demonstrate that phenylephrine triggers HDAC3 nuclear export and promotes its interaction with TPM3, resulting in decreased Khib modification and enhanced vasoconstriction. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that phenylephrine reduces Khib levels on TPM3 in mouse aorta. Additionally, ex vivo vascular tension assays using mouse aortic rings revealed that treatment with the Khib donor, ethyl 2‐hydroxyisobutyrate, induces endothelium‐independent vasodilation and ameliorates hypertensive vascular dysfunction. Molecular docking and kinetic simulations identified Lys141 of TPM3 as the primary site targeted by HDAC3‐mediated de‐2‐hydroxyisobutyrylation. This was further validated by adenoviral transfection of isolated blood vessels with a Lys141‐mutated TPM3 construct, which abolished the effects of HDAC3 on TPM3 Khib modification and vascular contractility.

Conclusions

These findings underscore the critical role of TPM3 de‐2‐hydroxyisobutyrylation in vasoconstriction and suggest that modulating this posttranslational modification could provide a novel therapeutic strategy for hypertensive vascular dysfunction.
Optimal Definition and Risk Stratification in Prediabetes With Stable Coronary Heart Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Song Chenxi , Qiao Zheng , Cheng Jiaxi , Zhang Yuze , Liu Weida , Yuan Sheng , He Jining , Song Yanjun , Bian Xiaohui , Lin Zhangyu , Fu Rui , Wang Chunyue , Liu Qianqian , Feng Lei , Tao Jin , Dou Kefei
Published: December 2024

Background

The optimal definition and risk stratification approach to identify high‐risk patients with prediabetes and stable coronary heart disease has not been well studied to date. The objective of the current study is to compare the prognostic value of different definitions of prediabetes, and to explore the role of “very‐high‐risk” (VHR) criteria according to the 2018 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology cholesterol guideline in the risk stratification of patients with prediabetes and stable coronary heart disease.

Methods and Results

This prospective large‐cohort study enrolled a total of 7930 patients with stable coronary heart disease. Prediabetes was defined according to various guidelines and further classified on the basis of the VHR criteria according to the 2018 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology guideline. The primary end point was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), which was defined as the composite end point of cardiac death, nonfatal acute myocardial infarction, and stroke.

During a median of 3 years’ follow‐up, a total of 256 MACEs occurred. Prediabetes defined according to the World Health Organization/International Expert Committee criteria was associated with significant increased MACE risk compared with normoglycemia (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.484 [95% CI, 1.139–1.935];
P
=0.0035). The VHR group was associated with increased MACE risk compared with the non‐VHR group (adjusted HR, 1.783 [95% CI, 1.344–2.366],
P
<0.0001). The VHR criteria played an important role in risk stratification, and prediabetes combined with VHR criteria was associated with higher MACE risk regardless of the prediabetes definition.

Conclusions

Our findings suggested the potential use of the World Health Organization/International Expert Committee definition and VHR criteria in risk stratification of patients with prediabetes and stable coronary heart disease.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction and With Reduced Ejection Fraction According to the Prognostic Nutritional Index: Findings From PARADIGM‐HF and PARAGON‐HF
Authors: Solano Simone , Yang Mingming , Tolomeo Paolo , Kondo Toru , Shen Li , Jhund Pardeep S. , Anand Inder S. , Desai Akshay S. , Lam Carolyn S. P. , Maggioni Aldo P. , Martinez Felipe A. , Rouleau Jean L. , Vaduganathan Muthiah , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Zannad Faiez , Zile Michael R. , Packer Milton , Solomon Scott D. , McMurray John J. V.
Published: December 2024

Background

The importance of nutritional status is underappreciated in patients with heart failure (HF). This study aimed to describe the range of the prognostic nutrition index (PNI), and the clinical characteristics and outcomes according to PNI, in patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The primary outcome was the composite of HF hospitalization or cardiovascular death.

Methods and Results

Individual patient data from the PARAGON‐HF (Prospective Comparison of ARNI [Angiotensin Receptor–Neprilysin Inhibitor] with ARB [Angiotensin Receptor Blocker] Global Outcomes in HFpEF) and PARADIGM‐HF (Prospective Comparison of ARNI With ACEI [Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitor] to Determine Impact on Global Mortality and Morbidity in HF) trials were used to examine patient characteristics and outcomes according to quartiles of PNI. Cox regression was used to analyze clinical outcomes, and multivariable fractional polynomial interaction analysis to examine the effects of sacubitril‐valsartan, according to PNI. Patients with lower PNI (poorer nutrition) were older, frailer, and had more comorbidities and worse HF status, with greater congestion. Patients with lower PNI had biomarker abnormalities indicating inflammation, bone marrow suppression, and increased collagen turnover, among other physiologic perturbations. Lower PNI was associated with worse outcomes; that is, the rate of the primary end point among patients in the first quartile was 11.31 (10.20–12.54) compared with 7.09 (6.17–8.14) per 100 person‐years in the fourth quartile. These associations persisted after adjustment for other prognostic variables. PNI did not modify the effects of sacubitril‐valsartan in HFrEF although sacubitril/valsartan seemed to have a greater benefit in patients with HFpEF with a higher PNI.

Conclusions

Nutritional status, assessed using PNI, is an independent predictor of poor outcomes in HF. Evaluation of nutritional status in clinical practice, the causes of undernutrition, and whether undernutrition should be a therapeutic target, are all worthy of further investigation in HF.
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 Calcium‐Permeable Channel Contributes to Valve Stiffening in Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Dutta Bidisha , Rahaman Suneha G. , Mukherjee Pritha , Rahaman Shaik O.
Published: December 2024

Background

Aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is a progressive disease characterized by fibrosis, inflammation, calcification, and stiffening of the aortic valve leaflets, leading to disrupted blood flow. If untreated, AVS can progress to heart failure and death within 2 to 5 years. Uncovering the molecular mechanisms behind AVS is key for developing effective noninvasive therapies. Emerging evidence highlights that matrix stiffness affect gene expression, inflammation, and cell differentiation. Activation of valvular interstitial cells into myofibroblasts, along with excessive extracellular matrix accumulation and remodeling, are major contributors to AVS progression. Inflammation further exacerbates the disease, as macrophages infiltrate valve leaflets, enhancing inflammation, activating valvular interstitial cells, and driving extracellular matrix remodeling. Our lab and others have shown that the activities of macrophages and fibroblasts are sensitive to matrix stiffness. Previously, we identified mechanosensitive transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels as key regulators of fibrosis and macrophage activation, implicating TRPV4 in AVS as a potential stiffness sensor.

Methods and Results

Herein, we found elevated levels of TRPV4, α‐smooth muscle actin, and cluster of differentiation 68 proteins in human AVS tissues compared with controls. Furthermore, the stiffening of human aortic valve tissue is associated with the levels of myofibroblasts, macrophages, and TRPV4 protein expression. In a mouse model, TRPV4 promoted valve stiffening during hypercholesterolemia‐induced AVS. Additionally, TRPV4 mediated intracellular stiffness in valvular interstitial cells in response to transforming growth factor β1, which was blocked by the TRPV4 antagonist GSK2193874.

Conclusions

These findings reveal a novel mechanism linking TRPV4 to valve stiffening, providing insights into how extracellular matrix mechanical properties drive inflammation and fibrosis in AVS.
Days at Home After Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair Versus Medical Therapy Alone in Heart Failure
Authors: Chung Mabel , Almarzooq Zaid I. , Tale Archana , Song Yang , Dahabreh Issa J. , Kazi Dhruv S. , Baron Suzanne J. , Yeh Robert W.
Published: December 2024

Background

Transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair of the mitral valve (mTEER) reduced a hierarchical end point that included death and heart failure hospitalization in COAPT (Cardiovascular Outcomes Assessment of the MitraClip Percutaneous Therapy for Heart Failure Patients With Functional Mitral Regurgitation Trial). However, the magnitude to which mTEER increases the number of days a patient spends at home (DAH) in the first few years after treatment, a patient‐centered end point not captured routinely in clinical trials, has not been evaluated. We compared 1‐ and 2‐year DAH among patients with functional mitral regurgitation and heart failure randomized to mTEER plus medical therapy versus medical therapy alone (control) by linking the COAPT trial to comprehensive health care claims data.

Methods and Results

We linked data from COAPT trial participants to Medicare fee‐for‐service claims. DAH was calculated as the number of days alive and spent outside a hospital, skilled nursing facility, inpatient rehabilitation, long‐term acute care hospital, emergency department, or observation stay after randomization. Treatment groups were compared using quantile regression to calculate the area under the curve of cumulative distribution functions. We linked 271 patients (mTEER 136/302, control 135/312) for a 2‐year follow‐up. Mean±SD DAH at 1 year was 312.0±95.6 in mTEER and 298.1±107.5 in controls with similar area under the curve (difference 13.9 days [−10.5 to 38.3],
P
=0.26). DAH at 2 years was 577.2±235.6 in mTEER and 518.2±253.0 in control with a higher area under the curve in mTEER (difference 59.0 days [0.07 to 117.9],
P
=0.0497).

Conclusions

In the COAPT trial linked to Medicare claims, patients randomized to mTEER spent a similar number of DAH at 1 year but more time at home at 2 years compared with medical therapy alone.
The Manifestation of Religious Beliefs by Staff of Penitentiaries and Detention Centres
Authors: Sitarz Olga , Jaworska–Wieloch Anna , Hanc Jakub
Published: December 2024

The article examines the expression of religious beliefs by prison staff in penitentiary units. The publication answers the following three questions: (i) how do penitentiary and detention centre staff view the possibility of the expression of their religious beliefs while at work in prison?; (ii) what is the current legal situation regarding the possibility of manifesting religious freedom by prison staff?; and (iii) what assessment is to be made, taking into account the established legal framework, with regard to discrimination and respect for equality and diversity? An analysis of international case law makes it possible to put forward an argument that prohibitions on the wearing of religious symbols by state officials and other staff members are an unjustified restriction of religious freedom, leading to discrimination on the grounds of religion. The compliance with the prohibition on discrimination cannot consist of removing or concealing differences in the manifestation of religious beliefs.
De-Politicizing and Dis-Remembering the White Terror Through Gothic: The Grand Narrative and Embarrassed Politics of Collective Commemoration in the Movie Detention
Authors: Lin Min-tser
Published: December 2024

This article aims to read Taiwan’s 2019 cinematic horror sensation, Detention, as part of the nation’s effort to construct a grand narrative of collective commemoration, as it tries to streamline its multiple conflicting memories about the Nationalist government’s violent political suppressions of suspected dissidents during the mid-20th century, commonly called the White Terror. For this nationalist narrative to follow the Gothic scenario of progression from repression to liberation, embarrassing elements of the past, especially many White Terror victims’ sympathy with the Chinese Communist Party, must be de-politicized and dis-remembered. The movie adopts a ploy that can be called “isomorphic camouflage” in presenting its scenes and characters to evoke most viewers’ impressions about the White Terror while removing their actual political significances. This Gothic agenda, however, confronts its traumatizing point at the center of the movie, its female protagonist Fang Ray-shin, whose “ignorance and innocence” ironically expose the limitation of the nationalist collective commemoration.
Statistical Network Analysis of Macroeconomic Variables in Ghana
Authors: Atindana Elijah , Engmann Gideon , Azaare Jacob
Published: December 2024

In the rapidly evolving economic landscape of Ghana, understanding the intricate interdependencies between macroeconomic variables is pivotal for informed policymaking and strategic economic planning. The study employed network analysis to enhance our comprehension of Ghana's macroeconomic dynamics. Data was sourced from the world development indicators. Initially, a statistical network was constructed to represent the interconnections between Ghana's principal macroeconomic variables using partial correlation matrix, offering a visual and analytical perspective of their relationships. Subsequently, centrality measures and other network analysis tools were utilized to identify and quantify the influence of key economic indicators within this network. Results showed that Exports, Inflation, Exchange rate, Gross Domestic Saving, Manufacturing and Gross National Expenditure played a significant role in the network. However, Agriculture and Imports were identified as most influential variables with high centrality scores across all centrality measures. Finally, Exponential Random Graph Model was employed to provide a comparative baseline, shedding light on the uniqueness or randomness of the observed interrelationships. The significant parameters in the model include the presence of edges between nodes and the presence of generalized geodesic triads (gwesp), which capture the tendency for nodes to form connections based on common neighbors. The findings also revealed that there is a probability of 16.19% for a relationship to exist between two macroeconomic variables if they are both connected to the same third variable.
Innovative Conflict Prevention Strategies for Sustainable Development in Boké’s Bauxite Mining Sector, Republic of Guinea
Authors: Camara Issiagha , Deyi Jiang , Lin Li , Keita Daouda , Kourouma Ibrahima
Published: December 2024

Mining conflicts in Boké, Guinea, have persisted due to extensive bauxite extraction activities, leading to environmental degradation, socio-economic inequalities, and a lack of adequate infrastructure. Despite government interventions, such as the Local Economic Development Fund (FODEL) and the National Agency for Local Development (ANAFIC), these initiatives have fallen short due to transparency issues, governance challenges, and limited community involvement. This study evaluates the effectiveness of current conflict prevention strategies by integrating field data, government reports, and stakeholder interviews. It also compares Guinea’s efforts with successful models from other mining regions, particularly Ghana and Botswana, which have implemented robust systems for transparent resource management and community engagement. Using international best practices as a guide, the research proposes innovative strategies to enhance transparency, governance, and sustainable development. Key recommendations include improving infrastructure, promoting alternative livelihoods, and empowering local communities through greater participation in decision-making processes. By balancing mining operations with the socio-economic needs of affected communities, these strategies aim to foster long-term peace and stability in Boké’s bauxite mining areas. This study offers a conflict prevention model adaptable to similar contexts in other resource-rich regions.
Probing Size-Dependent Cytotoxicity of Polypropylene/Polyethylene Microparticles Fabricated via Premix Membrane Emulsification
Authors: Kim Myungwoong , Jeong Younhee , Kim Eun Hyup , Park Junghun , Lee Hoik
Published: December 2024

The increasing prevalence of microparticles of such commodity plastics as polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) in ecosystems has raised concerns about their potential environmental and health impacts. For deeper understanding, it is required to correlate the type and size of microplastic
particles with their toxicity. Herein, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of PE and PP microparticles. By employing the premix membrane emulsification technique, we successfully fabricated PE and PP microplastic particles with the size distributions suitable for probing their size effects.
The resulting particles were further sorted using test sieves to attain size-controlled PE and PP microplastic particles. With variations in the type, size, and concentration of the microparticles, in-vitro cytotoxicity was assessed using A549 lung carcinoma cells. Our findings suggest
that the type, size, and concentration significantly influence cell viability, with PP, smaller sizes, and higher concentrations exhibiting more pronounced cytotoxic effects. The study contributes to research on the consequences of commodity microplastic particles interacting with biological
systems, emphasizing the need to consider various parameters of microparticles when assessing their environmental and health risks.
A Novel Antigen Delivery System for Cancer Immunotherapy Using Antigens Linked to Inactivated Salmonella Bacteria
Authors: Li Dai-Rong , Zhao Wei , Liang Guan-Zhong , Yang Dan , Teng Yan , Huang Lu-Mi , Lei Shuang-Yi , Xiong Shang-Long , Li Yan , Li Yong-Sheng , Long Jian-Lin
Published: December 2024

Targeted delivery of antigens to antigen-presenting cells (APCs) seems to be an improved scheme in cancer immunotherapy. In this work, a new bacterial vaccine vector was designed by conjunction of antigen onto the surface of it through the linkage of heparin in aqueous solution. These
bacterial particles were uniform in size with the diameter of ∼1 μm and can be effectively internalized by dendritic cells (DCs). As a model antigen, Ovalbumin (OVA) was conjugated onto the surface of Salmonella bacterial through the chemical reaction of carboxy group
in activated heparin and the amino group in OVA, forming Sal-OVA micro-particles. The drug loading efficiency is approximately 20%. Antigen delivery mediated by Salmonella improved the cellular uptake of antigens by DCs and the potency of Salmonella-modified micro-capsules to
activate DCs was demonstrated by increased expression of maturation makers CD40 and CD86. Additionally, the functional relevance of the induced immune response was validated in murine E.G-7 tumors in vivo. Adoptive immunotherapy experiments indicated that serum and T lymphocytes in
Sal-OVA immunized mice had anticancer effect on E.G-7 tumor, implying that both humoral immunity and cellular immunity induced by Sal-OVA may participate in the protective immunotherapy. These results highlight the potential of Sal-OVA microparticles for cancer immunotherapy.
Biological Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Juniperus procera and Azadirachta indica Stem Extracts and Their Anticancer Properties
Authors: Alsubhi Nehad S.
Published: December 2024

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) stand out in nanotechnology for their diverse properties as a pioneering field. The purpose of the study was to synthesize AgNPs using new approaches by using Juniperus procera (J. procera) and Azadirachta indica (A. indica) stem
extracts and the synthesis was optimized by modifying factors including pH, concentration of the extract, temperature, and the intensity of light. Extract with 1 mL exposed to sunlight led to enhanced synthesis. By using UV-VIS spectroscopy, furrier transform infrared spectrometry, and field
emission scan microscopy we identified functional groups. Also, we found that both J. procera and A. indica AgNPs had small sizes, 27 nm, and 67 nm, respectively. Further, these bioAgNPs as first attempts were highly cytotoxic towards A549, HCT116, and MCF7 cancer cells, suggesting
they may prove to be potent cancer therapies in the future.
Linear Photogalvanic Effect in Two-Dimensional WTe2 Nanoribbons Under Tensile Strain
Authors: Cao Pei-Xu , Ma Yong-Hong , Chao Luo-Meng , Liu Jia
Published: December 2024

The linear photogalvanic effect (LPGE) in monolayer WTe2 under tensile strain in both near-infrared and visible light regions is investigated by using non-equilibrium Green’s function technique (NEGF) combined with density functional theory (DFT). Our results show the
magnitude of the strain changes the photoresponse, but the photoresponse is a nonlinear function of it. In addition, the extinction ratio can be altered by adjusting the strain. Applying strain in both the transmission and periodic directions of the monolayer will extend the detection range
of the detector. In particular, the detection range is significantly expanded in the periodic direction, and is found to be positively correlated with the magnitude of the applied strain. Our results provide an efficient method for regulating and optimizing the photoresponse and polarization
sensitivity through the application of tensile strain.
Effect of Variable Viscosity Due to Graphene Oxide Nanofluid Flow in an Inclined Channel
Authors: Pashikanti Jagadeeshwar , Vengala Narender , Susmitha Priyadharshini D. R. , Chamkha Ali J.
Published: December 2024

Studying the nanofluid flow with consideration of variable thermophysical properties is important for the effective utilization of these properties for industrial applications. Particularly, in inclined channels, the nanofluid flow has wide applications including medicine such as the
stenosis treatment. This investigation is one such computational report which considers the varying properties of the fluid flow between two inclined plates due to graphene oxide nanofluids. The flow is modelled including the impacts of Soret and Dufour effect and thermophoretic diffusion
and Brownian motion. Spectral method is used to solve the complex nonlinear equations under convective conditions. The influence of implanted effects on skin friction, and entropy of the nanofluid are studied. From the results, it is interpreted that mass transfer is improved by improving
the heat flux due to mass gradients and heat transfer accounts for the energy loss as entropy. A comparison table between literature and the obtained values shows good agreement. Also, the results obtained are graphed and discussed in detail along with entropy generation.
Nonlinear Convection and Radiative Heat Transfer in Kerosene-Alumina Nanofluid Flow Between Two Parallel Plates with Variable Viscosity
Authors: Jyoti D. K. , Nagaradhika V. , Sampath Kumar P. B. , Chamkha Ali J.
Published: December 2024

This research looks at the flow of a kerosene-alumina nanofluid in a nonlinear convection model including two parallel vertical plates. Variable viscosity, a magnetic field, nonlinear radiation, and heat sources that rely on temperature are all part of the inquiry. Reduces complex nonlinear
partial differential equations to ordinary differential equations. The governing problem’s numerical solution was derived from the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg algorithm. The analysis explores various fluid flow characteristics across a range of relevant parameters, with results illustrated
through graphs and tables. Higher nonlinear convection increases buoyant forces, lowering fluid temperature. Additionally, an increased radiation parameter transfers more heat from the surface to the fluid, in fact increases the fluid temperature. Importantly, varying viscosity heats up faster
than constant viscosity.
Computational Analysis of Convective Heat Transfer in Ternary Nanofluid (Al2O3 + CuO + TiO2/H2O) Flowing Past a Porous Stretching Sheet with Temperature Dependent Viscosity and Viscous Dissipation
Authors: Devi Rekha
Published: December 2024

The main objective of this study is to develop a two-dimensional mathematical model to understand the heat transfer phenomenon across a stretched surface in a ternary hybrid nanofluid. A ternary hybrid nanofluid, also known as a tri-hybrid nanofluid, consists of three different types
of nanoparticles dispersed within a base fluid, resulting in a complex and advanced type of nanofluid. Al2O3–CuO–TiO2–H2O combination is formed in this study by dispersing the nanoparticles of Al2O3, CuO and
TiO2 into water. This mixture helps to cool other appliances, break down hazardous contaminants, and purify the surroundings. The impact of temperature-dependent viscosity as well as viscous dissipation are discussed. Nonlinear ordinary differential equations are created from governing
PDE utilizing similarity transformations. In MATLAB software, bvp4c method can then be used to solve these transformed equations. In this study, incorporated viscous dissipation terms into the energy equations, and the effects of radiation were accurately addressed using the Rosseland approximation.
The study also takes into account the impact of nanoparticles, specifically Al2O3, CuO and TiO2. Key parameters have been extensively illustrated in graphical form for clarity and better understanding. A detailed analysis and discussion are provided of the
effects of distinct parameters on the temperature as well as velocity profiles. This work is novel in that it modifies the momentum equation by including variable viscosity in conjunction with natural convection and viscous dissipation in the energy equation.
Turbulent Flow and Heat Transfer of Al2O3–CuO Hybrid Nanofluids in Helically Micro-Finned Tubes Using Mass-Based and Discrete-Phase Models
Authors: Jouybari Ammar Kazemi , Dinarvand Saeed , Tehrani Pedram , Yazdi Mohammad Eftekhari , Salehi Gholamreza
Published: December 2024

This numerical study investigates forced convective heat transfer and pressure drop in turbulent hybrid nanofluid flow through a helically finned tube with constant wall temperature. Both single-phase mass-based model (MBM) and discrete-phase method (DPM) approaches are employed to
analyze and compare heat transfer characteristics in a three-dimensional helically micro-finned geometry. This study evaluated the effects of various volume flow rates between 0.4 to 1.2 m3/h (Reynolds numbers between 11510 to 34530) and nanoparticle concentrations ranging from
0.5% to 3% on water-base Al2O3–CuO hybrid nanofluids’ thermal and flow characteristics obtained from studied approaches. Results demonstrate that the utilized single-phase MBM predicts higher values for both average heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop
compared to values obtained from the discrete phase method (DPM). For a 3.0% hybrid nanofluid, with volumetric flow rates ranging from 0.4 to 1.2 m3/h, the mean absolute percentage deviation (MAPD) in the average heat transfer coefficient between the multiphase DPM and single-phase
MBM approaches, relative to pure water, is 1.5% to 7.5%. Also, by increasing the hybrid nanoparticle concentration from 0 to 3%, the deviation between single-phase and multi-phase approaches increases, reaching a maximum of 5.7% for the average heat transfer coefficient at a volume flow rate
of 0.8 m3/h. However, at lower nanoparticle concentrations, both single-phase and multi-phase models produce similar results with minimal differences. The main novelty of the present work is that it compares the single-phase mass-based model with multi-phase DPM approaches. In addition,
the combination of these modeling methods with the specific geometry of the present problem, turbulent regime, and the present hybrid nanofluid, for the first time in this study is considered. As a result, the single-phase approach offers a simpler and more cost-effective alternative to the
more complex multi-phase methods for predicting nanofluid behavior in dilute solutions.
Endoscopic Screening for Laryngotracheal Complications in Children Following Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation Maintained Through Endotracheal Intubation: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Project
Authors: Dutta Mainak , Jana Debjit , Mukherjee Diptanshu , Panja Tanaya , Shukla Amit Kumar , Daga Divya , Yadav Krishna Kumar , Mondal Swarnali , Bandyopadhyay Saumendra Nath
Published: December 2024

Background:

An endoscopic screening program following successful weaning from prolonged mechanical ventilation maintained through endotracheal tube (ET; prolonged intubation) may be justified to assess the upper (laryngotracheal) airway in children who may not always be symptomatic for intubation-related complications.

Objectives:

To evaluate effects of prolonged intubation in children through endoscopic screening of the laryngotracheal airway.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional pilot project, children (2 months-12 years) successfully extubated following prolonged intubation were selected, irrespective of having symptoms, for a 1-time flexible nasolaryngoscopy at third to sixth month post-extubation (follow-up window). Laryngotracheal airway changes, if present, were noted.

Results:

Out of 122 children, 42 developed symptoms of complications. Five of them attended within 3 months post-extubation, the rest were evaluated in the follow-up window. Eighty children aged ≤6 years and 4 children >6 years were intubated with uncuffed ET. Symptoms, when present, included respiratory distress (100%), noisy breathing (~36%), cough (~29%), and dysphagia (~12%). Screening revealed positive findings in 40 out of 42 symptomatic children, and in 8 out of 80 asymptomatic children (χ2 = 80.314; after Yate’s correction; significant at P < .0001). The commonest lesion was subglottic stenosis (~54%) and intubation granuloma (~48%). Relationship between the nature of ET (cuffed/uncuffed) and complications of prolonged intubation was statistically significant (χ246.553; significant at P < .0001).

Conclusion:

The present study proposes the potential utility of follow-up endoscopic screening of upper (laryngotracheal) airway in children successfully weaned from prolonged intubation. A statistically significant relationship existed between prolonged intubation and upper airway complications that were not always symptomatic.
Reduction in Antibiotic Usage and Financial Savings Through a Large System Intervention Project
Authors: Jairath Puneet , Goodstein Michael Howard , Unick Karli , Sentz Ryan
Published: December 2024

Clinicians continue to seek out ways to decrease antibiotic usage and its sequelae for infants with risk factors for Early Onset Sepsis (EOS). We carried out a large system intervention (LSI) to decrease antibiotic usage, decrease the proportion of infants exposed to any antibiotics and evaluate the financial impact of this intervention. Antibiotic use was monitored from January 2018 through June 2020 for infants born at York Hospital ≥ 35 weeks gestation and discharged from Newborn Nursery. LSIs, including the Kaiser Sepsis Calculator, were implemented January–June 2019. Quality metrics were compared 12-months before and after the intervention. Overall, 5021 infants were discharged from the nursery. Antibiotic usage decreased 68% and infant exposure to antibiotics decreased 64%. There was a savings of $697 per at risk newborn and there were no readmissions for EOS. A Systemic LSI can safely reduce newborn antibiotic exposure and create significant cost saving.
Building Community Resilience and Adaptive Capacity Through Investments in Tourism and Conservation
Authors: Clark Connor , Nyaupane Gyan P. , Xiao Xiao
Published: December 2024

This study applies human ecology theory to examine community resilience and adaptive capacity in a nature-based tourism destination. Data were collected through a survey of 207 residents in Corrientes, Argentina in communities where internationally recognized efforts to drive tourism, protect large landscapes, and restore natural resources have taken place. The results of the analysis revealed six domains of community resilience through a confirmatory factor analysis and illustrated that tourism and conservation investments increase tourism involvement, which leads to direct and indirect paths of increases in community resilience and adaptive capacity. Multivariate relationships were detected between tourism involvement and four of the six identified community resilience domains, and between tourism involvement and adaptive capacity through three community resilience domains acting as mediating variables. Using human ecology theory as a framework, this study provides insights into how communities’ adaptive capacity develops through residents’ engagement in entrepreneurial and self-organization opportunities offered by tourism.
Living with media: Rethinking mediatization through the queer life course
Authors: Bayramoğlu Yener
Published: December 2024

Over the last three decades, mediatization has been heralded as the new grand theory to explain how social transformations have increasingly become intertwined with media technologies. However, like other grand narratives about historical transformations, it risks failing to take into account the reality of lives in peripheries, not least because they rarely leave their traces in archives. In this article, I explore how media are linked to transformations in queer life course in order to shed light on the significance of evolving media technologies for persons whose lives are shaped by inequalities. Drawing on 60 non-media-centric interviews conducted with LGBTIQ+ people in Germany and the UK, I argue that media images, narratives, and technologies hold the potential to spark crucial turning points in the life course of persons whose needs are not fulfilled by social institutions. While the evolution of media technologies over time has led to increased agency for people to access queer content and engage in interpersonal connection, it simultaneously exacerbates a generational inequality. The results presented here invite us to rethink mediatization from a queer life course perspective, and emphasize the crucial role played by media technologies in shaping the social contexts in which lifeworlds unfold.
Relationship between post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence, sexual functions, and dyadic adjustment: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Rossi Francesco , Marino Filippo , Gandi Carlo , Bizzarri Francesco Pio , Campetella Marco , Bientinesi Riccardo , Silvaggi Marco , Sacco Emilio
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) is the treatment option for localized prostate cancer. It can lead to side effects like erectile dysfunction (ED) and post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence (PPUI). This study aimed to evaluate association between dyadic adjustment, PPUI and ED.

Material and Methods:

Consecutive male patients who underwent RARP from January 2019 to December 2021, with at least 12 months of follow-up and preoperative International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) 15 erectile domain questionnaire’s score ⩾17 were enrolled. Demographic and surgical data were collected at baseline. Validated questionnaires were self-administered at 12-month follow-up: IIEF-15, Dyadic Adjustment scale (DAS), and Los Angeles–Prostate Cancer Index Urinary Function Score (UCLA-PCI-UFS). Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to examine degree of association between different variables.

Results:

Out of 96 enrolled patients, 37 (38.5%) were socially incontinent (>1 pad per day) at 12 months from surgery. Statistically significant association was found between incontinence and lower DAS total score ( p < 0.0001), DAS consensus domain ( p < 0.0001), and DAS affectional expression domain ( p = 0.002). DAS total score ( p = 0.002) and DAS consensus domain score ( p = 0.012) were lower in impotent group (IIEF-15 erectile domain score <17). On a multivariable analysis, PPUI (beta: −0.25; 95% CI: −4.42, −0.47; p = 0.016) and post-operative ED (beta: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.002, 0.57; p = 0.048) were independent predictors of low DAS score. Pelvic lymphadenectomy (PLND) (beta coefficient: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.1, 1.2; p = 0.022), bladder neck reconstruction (beta: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.19, 1.09; p = 0.006), and ED (beta coefficient: −0.3; 95% CI: −0.07, −0.018; p = 0.001) were independent predictors of continence status.

Conclusion:

PPUI following RARP is associated with lower dyadic adjustment, independently from other factors, indicating significant impact of PPUI on marital relationships. Further research should be conducted to understand better the cross-effective relationship between PPUI, potency, dyadic adjustment, and the effect of surgical treatments on incontinence and sexual function.
Levofloxacin-loaded silicone contact lenses materials for ocular drug delivery
Authors: Guo Xuefang , Sun Ying , Qiao Jing , Fan Ben , Zhang Xueqin
Published: December 2024

Silicone contact lenses (SCL), as an emerging ocular drug delivery system, achieve controlled drug release. However, the existing drug loading methods have limitations such as low drug uptake, complicated operation process, poor welling rate and transmittance of the lens after drug loading. In this study, an effective microemulsion soaking method was proposed to increase the drug-loading capacity of silicone contact lenses. Levofloxacin (LVF) was encapsulated into the microemulsion by direct agitation, then the microemulsion was loaded into silicone contact lenses using the immersion method. The adsorption capacity of levofloxacin and its effect on drug release kinetics were explored. The results showed that the particle size of the microemulsion was approximately 160 nm. The levofloxacin microemulsion soaking method (LVF-ME-SCL) significantly enhanced the drug loading of levofloxacin in the silicone contact lenses, achieving a maximum drug loading of 216.32 ± 1.15 μg/lens ( p > 0.05). The total release rate of levofloxacin was 95.96% when the sustained release time was 10 h, and the drug leakage observed after 10 h was negligible. The survival rate of E. coli and S. aureus in LVF-ME-SCL-1 (LVF concentration was 4.8 mg/mL) group was 0 and 19.33 ± 0.02% ( p < 0.0001), with a significant difference, indicating that the drug-loaded silicone contact lenses exhibited effective bactericidal properties against E. coli and S. aureus. Following the addition of maximum levofloxacin, the surface contact angle of silicone contact lenses decreased significantly to 32.88 ± 1.19° ( p > 0.05), while the swelling, mechanical properties, and oxygen permeability remained relatively unchanged. There was no significant decrease in the transmittance of the contact lenses after the addition of levofloxacin, which remained above 95%. In conclusion, these results show that the microemulsion impregnation method effectively improves the drug loading and sustained release time of levofloxacin, and maintains lens performance stability before and after drug loading, so it is expected to be used in ophthalmic treatment.
Establishing the Research Priorities of ADHD Professionals: An International Delphi Study
Authors: Stephens Kate , Sciberras Emma , Bisset Matthew , Summerton Ainsley , Coghill David , Middeldorp Christel M , Payne Leanne , Bellgrove Mark A , Faraone Stephen V. , Banaschewski Tobias , Newcorn Jeffery H. , Espinet Stacey D. , Manor Iris , Alqahtani Mohammed M.J. , Varnham Jeremy , Silk Timothy J
Published: December 2024

Objectives:

To determine ADHD research priorities from the perspective of ADHD professionals internationally.

Method:

A two-stage modified Delphi design was used. In Stage 1 (qualitative), participants listed research questions relating to ADHD that they perceived to be most important ( N = 132). In Stage 2 (quantitative), participants were then asked to rate each research question that was deemed appropriate (able to be researched and not already addressed by research) in terms of perceived importance ( N = 180).

Results:

Stage 1 generated 382 research questions with 10 broad areas identified for example, co-occurring conditions and treatment, etc. The top 20 most important questions related to ADHD in women/girls, long-term medication use, non-pharmacological interventions, ADHD measurement/rating scales, and efficacy of emotional regulation interventions.

Conclusion:

These results can inform an ADHD research agenda which represents the views of the individuals from major ADHD professional groups internationally. Parallel work is needed focusing on research priorities from the perspective of ADHD consumers.
“The algorithm is like a mercurial god”: Exploring content creators’ perception of algorithmic agency on YouTube
Authors: Verwiebe Roland , Buder Claudia , Weissmann Sarah , Osorio-Krauter Chiara , Philipp Aaron
Published: December 2024

Algorithmic systems wield substantial influence in contemporary society. Since it is mostly unknown how algorithms specifically work, content creators (CCs) on YouTube who rely on them for economic reasons are in a constant state of sensemaking regarding the characteristics and perceived preferences of the algorithm. To understand these perceptions, we draw from previous research on technological agency and examine the ways in which CCs view the algorithm as an independent entity with agentic features. We do this by conducting a thematic analysis of 30 interviews with German CCs on YouTube. We find that CCs do perceive agentic qualities of the algorithm and that their assessment depends on their experience and exposure to it. Four key themes were identified: The algorithm is perceived as (1) non-transparent and largely unpredictable; (2) intentional, autonomous, and human-like; (3) number-based and communicating through metrics; and (4) exerting a great deal of power while constantly reinforcing hierarchies.
“Why are you on Tinder if this isn’t what you wanted?” Dating apps as digital brokers of sexual activity in the college hookup sexual market
Authors: Kettrey Heather Hensman , Quinn Summer , Nwajei Monika , Leslie Madison , Paradise Elizabeth , Wishon Devyn
Published: December 2024

Scholars have argued that college hookup culture is facilitated by the unique physical and social context of college campuses and that young adults are increasingly using dating apps to initiate hookups. This has inspired calls for researchers to examine the digital interactions that precede face-to-face hookups. In this study, we used a “sexual market” framework to investigate the processes by which college hookups are “digitally brokered” via dating apps. Using data from focus groups conducted with 49 college students representing diverse sexual identities, we analyzed dating app users’ stories of their transitions from digital interactions to face-to-face meetups with matches. Participants discussed three types of consent that matches attempt to digitally broker: app-implied consent, colloquial consent, and (re)negotiated consent. We discuss problems that arise when users attempt to redeem these forms of digitally brokered consent during face-to-face meetups and make recommendations for sexual assault prevention efforts.
So close and yet so far: Comparing the experiences of university non-traditional students before and after the pandemic
Authors: Montes Alejandro
Published: December 2024

This paper explores the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the objective and subjective experiences of working-class non-traditional students in Higher Education (HE). Against the backdrop of increased access to tertiary education, the study delves into the challenges faced by historically under-represented groups, analyzing educational vulnerabilities and inequalities. More specifically, the contribution analyses how the pandemic scenario change students’ experience—in terms of the emergence of new forms of inequality—. With this aim, the research involves 20 in-depth interviews with working-class non-traditional students in a Catalan public university before the pandemic (2018) and 12 interviews after the pandemic (2022). Results reveal that while these students already encountered significant hurdles before the pandemic, the crisis further amplified difficulties, hindering their academic success and deepening pre-existing inequalities. Unexpectedly, elements initially designed to facilitate the situation, such as non-presential teaching, contributed to an unsatisfactory experience, fostering isolation and loss of specific links and codes within the academic field. The findings underscore the pandemic’s detrimental effects on European HE systems, representing a setback in terms of equity and a substantial loss of opportunities for non-traditional students.
The Long Life and History of the Ebony Test Kitchens
Authors: Hyppolite Joanne
Published: December 2024

In 2022, the National Museum of African American History and Culture (NMAAHC) acquired the Ebony Test Kitchen—the space used to test and style recipes for the iconic magazine, Ebony, from 1972 to 2010. Noted for its eye-popping colors and technological advances, the kitchen was designed by William Raiser and Arthur Elrod and located in Chicago-based Johnson Publications Company’s headquarters. The Ebony Test Kitchen has garnered significant attention since being saved from demolition in 2017, placed on display in the Museum of Food and Drink’s 2021 exhibition African/American: Making the Nation’s Table, and acquired by the NMAAHC. Public excitement about the NMAACH’s shrouded plans for it remains high. This article examines the long life of the kitchen, from its functional origins to its grassroots rescue from demolition to its transformation into a cultural and museum-made object. It also explores the importance of the kitchen as a counternarrative to ideas about food and race that devalue and have stigmatized Black culinary contributions in American kitchens. JPC has been lauded as the company that “revolutionized how Black Americans saw themselves.” This article will illustrate how the Ebony Test Kitchen and its functions transformed the image of Black Americans and food.