bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalência de aleitamento materno e fatores associados: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Pivetta Hedioneia Maria Foletto , Braz Melissa Medeiros , Pozzebon Nathália Mezadri , Freire Ariane Bolla , Real Amanda Albiero , Cocco Vanessa Michelon , Sperandio Fabiana Flores
Published: July 2018

Introdução: apesar das inúmeras vantagens que o aleitamento materno (AM) produz, a sua manutenção exclusiva, até os seis meses de vida da criança merece atenção, pois pesquisas demonstram que esse índice encontra-se muito aquém do recomendado pelo Ministério da Saúde. Objetivo: investigar a prevalência do AM no Brasil, a partir da revisão de literatura em bibliotecas virtuais em saúde, e identificar os fatores associados ao desmame precoce. Metodologia: utilizaram-se as bases de dados eletrônicos SCIELO e LILACS. Os critérios de inclusão foram artigos publicados em revistas científicas, no período de 2010 a 2013. Utilizou-se a associação da palavra chave “aleitamento materno”, com os seguintes descritores: “fatores associados”, “prevalência”, “frequência”, “duração”. Resultados: selecionaram-se 17 artigos, dos 184 encontrados. Estudos demonstraram que fatores do meio, como o trabalho materno, fora de casa e o uso de chupetas, estão entre os mais relacionados ao desmame precoce do que os fatores maternos. Além disso, foi demonstrada a baixa prevalência do aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME) durante os seis primeiros meses de vida. Conclusão: tais achados acenam para a necessidade da promoção do aleitamento materno de modo interprofissional, assim como o estímulo à implementação de políticas públicas, de saúde, assistência e trabalho, para o incentivo à prática e à manutenção do AM.
Interações entre fármacos e nutrientes: ocorrência e manejo clínico
Authors: Dos Santos Sandna Larissa Freitas , Nogueira Torres Barros Karla Bruna , Silva Prado Regilane Matos da
Published: July 2018

Introdução: a dieta alimentar fornece nutrientes necessários ao sustento do corpo humano, portanto alterações provocadas por doenças e infecções, levam à utilização de medicamentos, o qual o uso associado pode interferir na eficácia terapêutica. Objetivo: Apresentar o manejo clínico, a ocorrência e os diversos aspectos da interação fármaco-nutriente. Metodologia: revisão integrativa da literatura, a qual foi utilizado as bases de dados para a busca dos artigos: BVS, MEDLINE, PubMed, LILACS e SciELO, com as palavras-chaves selecionados nos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS) da Bireme: interações alimento-droga, medicamentos, clinica. Foram incluídas pesquisas que abordam a ocorrência de interações de fármacos com nutrientes alimentares e a descrição do manejo clinico, dentre estudos de casos, revisões e pesquisas clinicas, publicados em inglês, português ou espanhol no período de 2008 a 2016. Resultados: na administração de medicamento com um alimento existe a possibilidade de alterações na farmacodinâmica ou na farmacocinética da droga ou do nutriente, alterando o estado nutricional ou a resposta terapêutica. No geral, as estratégias adotadas devem ser peliculares a cada situação levando em consideração a condição clínica do indivíduo e as características do fármaco em utilização associadas as necessidades metabólicas do organismo envolvido. Como no caso da interação de levodopa com aminoácidos, que pode ser adotado a esquematização dos horários da dieta, tendo em vista à administração da maior composição proteica à noite. Conclusão: evidencia-se o contexto dinâmico no manejo clinico de interações e a necessidade da equipe multiprofissional para uma indicação de intervenções cabíveis para melhorar a vida da população.

 
Fatores decisivos e estratégias para captação de doadores em hemocentros: revisão da literatura
Authors: Bousquet Hesther De Macedo , Aleluia Italo Ricardo Santos , Da Luz Leandro Alves
Published: July 2018

Introdução: a criação do Sistema Nacional de Sangue, Componentes e Derivados e a Política Nacional de Sangue, Componentes e Hemoderivados, foi fundamental para a mudança de paradigma relacionada à doação de sangue no Brasil, mas apesar disso, o percentual de doares voluntários de sangue no país continua abaixo do recomendado por Organismos Internacionais, resultando no baixo estoque de sangue nos hemocentros em todo país. Objetivo: sistematizar o conhecimento da literatura nacional e internacional sobre os principais fatores decisivos e estratégias para captação e manutenção de doadores de sangue em serviços de hemoterapia. Metodologia: trata-se de estudo com abordagem exploratória e qualitativa que considerou artigos científicos nas bases de dados Scielo, Lilacs e Vérsila Biblioteca Digital, publicados entre os anos de 2005 a 2015 e documentos e experiências que descrevessem fatores envolvidos na decisão de doação sanguínea, que apontassem estratégias desenvolvidas em âmbito nacional, estadual, regional ou municipal. Resultados: na literatura, evidenciou-se que fatores contextuais externos e internos relacionados ao doador influenciam o processo decisório de doação sanguínea. Observou-se que diversas estratégias vêm sendo empregadas em diversas regiões do país, como a implementação de tecnologias comunicacionais em diversões hemocentros e o desenvolvimento de ações intersetoriais entre a saúde e a educação para a captação de indivíduos para a doação de sangue. Conclusão: estratégias realizadas a partir de tecnologias comunicacionais produzem resultados favoráveis à divulgação de informações sobre o ato de doação de sangue. Assim, reforça-se a necessidade de realização de estudos de implementação dessas tecnologias e seus efeitos no processo de doação de sangue.
Malformações congênitas: um relato de reabilitação fisioterapêutica em paciente com Transposição das Grades Artérias.
Authors: Oliveira Izabel Maria de , Lopes Paloma Silva , Souza Claudio Silva de , Porto Elias Ferreira
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: Descrever uma abordagem fisioterapêutica na reabilitação neuropsicomotora e respiratória pediátrica voltada à integralidade do indivíduo. Descrição do caso: Paciente R.S.C.R, sexo masculino, nascido de parto cesáreo, com diagnóstico clínico de malformações congênitas, portador de Transposição das Grandes Artérias - TGA, Comunicação Interatrial - CIA e Comunicação Interventricular Ampla - CIV. Avaliado aos 09 meses de idade com diagnóstico fisioterapêutico de atraso no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor. Conclusão: Esse relato de caso evidenciou resolução na reabilitação de uma criança com Transposição das Grandes Arterias - TGA em acompanha­mento fisioterapêutico clinico, identificada pela melhora neuropsicomotora.
Relato de caso: pancreatite biliar associada ao uso de tigeciclina em idosa
Authors: Freitas Pollyanna Evelyn Ferreira , Junior Nelson Machado do Carmo , Alves Camila Priscila Barbosa , Costa Josiane Moreira da , Nascimento Mariana Martins Gonzaga do
Published: July 2018

 

RESUMO

Introdução: A tigeciclina é a primeira glicilciclina aprovada para uso clínico. Possui indicação para o tratamento de infecções complicadas de pele e partes moles, infecções intra-abdominais complicadas causados por microrganismos gram-positivos, gram-negativos e anaeróbios sensíveis. A pancreatite induzida por tigeciclina tem sido recentemente relatada como reação adversa. Relato de caso: trata-se de caso de pancreatite aguda provavelmente induzida por tigeciclina em uma mulher de 72 anos admitida devido a pé de diabético. A paciente passou a apresentar sintomatologia e alterações laboratoriais três dias após o início do tratamento com o agente, sendo diagnosticada com pancreatite biliar induzida por tigeciclina. Discussão: A pancreatite aguda medicamentosa apresenta incidência entre 0,1-2% mas ainda há pouca literatura acerca da pancreatite induzida por tigeciclina. Na paciente em questão, o diagnóstico foi reforçado mediante análise de causalidade com o algorítmo de Naranjo indicando relação causal provável para tigeciclina (score=7). Segundo a literatura, a pancreatite induzida pela tigeciclina é de início rápido e os sintomas desaparecem gradualmente após a suspensão do tratamento, conforme detectado no caso relatado. Conclusão: Pancreatite aguda induzida por tigeciclina ainda é considerado um raro fenômeno, sendo necessária sua investigação, notificação e divulgação.

 
Opções farmacológicas para ceratite por micobactérias não-tuberculosas: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Spínola Marina Moura Costa , Ribeiro Mônica Franca
Published: July 2018

 

INTRODUÇÃO: As ceratites são infecções da córnea, que acontecem pós-trauma, cirúrgico ou não, ou em indivíduos imunossuprimidos e que podem ter como agente etiológico micobactérias não-tuberculosas (MNTs). O diagnóstico das ceratites por MNTs é feito pelos aspectos clínicos em associação à identificação do patógeno. Não existe um consenso na literatura com relação ao tratamento farmacológico. OBJETIVOS: O objetivo primário é identificar as opções terapêuticas farmacológicas para ceratites por MNTs e, o secundário, descrever os aspectos clínicos dessa infecção. METODOLOGIA: Um total de 214 artigos foram encontrados através da pesquisa nas fontes CAPES, LILACS, PUBMED e Biblioteca Cochrane, utilizando-se as combinações de palavras chave: "ceratite” e “micobactérias não-tuberculosas, destes, após o uso dos critérios de exclusão, 4 artigos foram selecionados. RESULTADOS: Partindo-se das 4 publicações selecionadas foram reunidos 5 casos clínicos, todos com história de trauma corneano, cirúrgico ou não. Os 5 pacientes foram submetidos à técnica diagnóstica não-invasiva e em todos foi identificada MNT. Os tratamentos farmacológicos foram feitos com antimicrobianos das classes das quinolonas, aminoglicosídeos e macrolídeos. Em um dos casos foi usado um corticoide e em dois foi feita associação com anti-inflamatório não-esteroide. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento farmacológico da ceratite por MNTs é de longo prazo, e, neste estudo, variou de 3 semanas a 6 meses. Os quimioterápicos usados são os aminoglicosídeos, macrolídeos e quinolonas e, em alguns casos, a combinação destes. O uso de anti-inflamatórios não-esteroidais e esteroidais não é consensual. Quanto aos aspectos clínicos, observam-se características comuns a outras ceratites infecciosas.

Palavras-chave: ceratite. micobactérias não tuberculosas.

 
Surdez súbita em paciente em uso de tadalafil: um relato de caso clínico
Authors: Assunção Ben-Hur Santiago , Marques Carolina Ferreira
Published: July 2018

Introdução: A Surdez Súbita (SS) é uma emergência médica de baixa prevalência, porém com potencial de perda auditiva irreversível para o paciente. Possui diversos e ainda incertos mecanismos etiopatológicos. Recentemente a literatura vem trazendo a associação da SS com a classe dos inibidores da fosdodiesterase-5 (IPDE-5), a qual inclui medicamentos para tratamento de impotência sexual. Objetivo: Relatar caso clínico de paciente idoso que apresentou SS após fazer uso de medicamento da classe dos IPDE-5, pesquisando na literatura qual a provável fisiopatologia. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, descritivo do tipo relato de caso clínico, realizado através da coleta de dados do prontuário médico, que foram comparados com literatura especializada. Resultado: Paciente masculino, 72 anos, engenheiro, procurou atendimento referindo hipoacusia e plenitude aural à direita notados subitamente há três dias. Relata ter feito uso de Tadalafil 5mg, anteriormente aos sintomas. Anamnese e exame físico direcionaram para hipótese diagnóstica de SS, de modo que exames complementares foram solicitados. À audiometria evidenciou-se perda auditiva sensorioneural moderada a severa em orelha direita. Após tratamento com prednisolona oral e mesilato de codergocrina, paciente apresentou melhora, com audiometria evidenciando perda sensorioneural leve em orelha direita. Conclusão: A relação entre SS e o uso de IPDE-5 está cada vez mais evidente de acordo com a literatura. É provável que possa haver ativação de vias de estresse celular, contribuindo para patologia.
Reduced autobiographical memory specificity as a mediating factor between general anxiety symptoms and performance on problem‐solving tasks
Authors: Hallford David J. , Noory Narian , Mellor David
Published: July 2018

This study sought to further explain the association between general anxiety symptoms and impaired problem‐solving by testing whether this occurs, in part, through a reduced ability to retrieve event‐level, specific autobiographical memory (AM). Participants (N = 301; M age = 28.2 SD = 7.7, 55.8% female) completed assessments of the retrieval of specific AM, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and rumination. They then completed the Means‐End Problem Solving Task, which assessed their ability to produce relevant problem‐solving steps. Participants who were higher in anxiety reported a lesser number of relevant problem‐solving steps, and this association was, in part, related to anxiety being associated with reduced AM specificity (after controlling for depressive symptoms). Rumination did not mediate anxiety and problem‐solving, nor anxiety and AM specificity. These findings provide further evidence that elevated anxiety is associated with reduced ability to retrieve specific AM, and a specific cognitive pathway through which anxiety may affect problem‐solving performance.
A Substitution‐Dependent Light‐Up Fluorescence Probe for Selectively Detecting Fe3+ Ions and Its Cell Imaging Application
Authors: Feng Xing , Li Ying , He Xuewen , Liu Haixiang , Zhao Zheng , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Elsegood Mark R. J. , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: July 2018

Deliberate design of specific and sensitive molecular probes with distinctive physical/chemical properties for analyte sensing is of great significance. Herein, by taking advantage of the position‐dependent substituent effects, an aggregation‐induced emission featured iron (III) probe from ortho‐substituted pyridinyl‐functionalized tetraphenylethylene (TPE‐o‐Py) is synthesized. It displays high sensitivity and selectivity toward iron (III) detection. The recognition arises from the position isomer of ortho‐substitution, and the fact that TPE‐o‐Py has a low acid dissociation constant (pK
a) that is close to that of hydrolyzed Fe3+. Importantly, TPE‐o‐Py as a light‐up fluorescence probe could be employed for Fe3+ sensing in living cells with a pronounced red‐shift in fluorescence emission.
Hierarchical NiMoS and NiFeS Nanosheets with Ultrahigh Energy Density for Flexible All Solid‐State Supercapacitors
Authors: Balamurugan Jayaraman , Li Chao , Aravindan Vanchiappan , Kim Nam Hoon , Lee Joong Hee
Published: July 2018

Highly flexible supercapacitors (SCs) have great potential in modern electronics such as wearable and portable devices. However, ultralow specific capacity and low operating potential window limit their practical applications. Herein, a new strategy for the fabrication of free‐standing NiMoS and NiFeS nanosheets (NSs) for high‐performance flexible asymmetric SC (ASC) through hydrothermal and subsequent sulfurization technique is reported. The effect of Ni2+ is optimized to attain hierarchical NiMoS and NiFeS NS architectures with high electrical conductivity, large surface area, and exclusive porous networks. Electrochemical properties of NiMoS and NiFeS NS electrodes exhibit that both have ultrahigh specific capacities (≈312 and 246 mAh g−1 at 1 mA cm−2), exceptional rate capabilities (78.85% and 78.46% capacity retention even at 50 mA cm−2, respectively), and superior cycling stabilities. Most importantly, a flexible NiMoS NS//NiFeS NS ASC delivers a high volumetric capacity of ≈1.9 mAh cm−3, excellent energy density of ≈82.13 Wh kg−1 at 0.561 kW kg−1, exceptional power density (≈13.103 kW kg−1 at 61.51 Wh kg−1) and an outstanding cycling stability, retaining ≈95.86% of initial capacity after 10 000 cycles. This study emphasizes the potential importance of compositional tunability of the NS architecture as a novel strategy for enhancing the charge storage properties of active electrodes.
Biomimetic Tissue Engineering: Tuning the Immune and Inflammatory Response to Implantable Biomaterials
Authors: Taraballi Francesca , Sushnitha Manuela , Tsao Christopher , Bauza Guillermo , Liverani Chiara , Shi Aaron , Tasciotti Ennio
Published: July 2018

Regenerative medicine technologies rely heavily on the use of well‐designed biomaterials for therapeutic applications. The success of implantable biomaterials hinges upon the ability of the chosen biomaterial to negotiate with the biological barriers in vivo. The most significant of these barriers is the immune system, which is composed of a highly coordinated organization of cells that induce an inflammatory response to the implanted biomaterial. Biomimetic platforms have emerged as novel strategies that aim to use the principle of biomimicry as a means of immunomodulation. This principle has manifested itself in the form of biomimetic scaffolds that imitate the composition and structure of biological cells and tissues. Recent work in this area has demonstrated the promising potential these technologies hold in overcoming the barrier of the immune system and, thereby, improve their overall therapeutic efficacy. In this review, a broad overview of the use of these strategies across several diseases and future avenues of research utilizing these platforms is provided.
Divalent Anionic Doping in Perovskite Solar Cells for Enhanced Chemical Stability
Authors: Gong Jue , Yang Mengjin , Rebollar Dominic , Rucinski Jordan , Liveris Zachary , Zhu Kai , Xu Tao
Published: July 2018

The chemical stabilities of hybrid perovskite materials demand further improvement toward long‐term and large‐scale photovoltaic applications. Herein, the enhanced chemical stability of CH3NH3PbI3 is reported by doping the divalent anion Se2− in the form of PbSe in precursor solutions to enhance the hydrogen‐bonding‐like interactions between the organic cations and the inorganic framework. As a result, in 100% humidity at 40 °C, the 10% w/w PbSe‐doped CH3NH3PbI3 films exhibited >140‐fold stability improvement over pristine CH3NH3PbI3 films. As the PbSe‐doped CH3NH3PbI3 films maintained the perovskite structure, a top efficiency of 10.4% with 70% retention after 700 h aging in ambient air is achieved with an unencapsulated 10% w/w PbSe:MAPbI3‐based cell. As a bonus, the incorporated Se2− also effectively suppresses iodine diffusion, leading to enhanced chemical stability of the silver electrodes.
Tailoring MoS2 Valley‐Polarized Photoluminescence with Super Chiral Near‐Field
Authors: Li Ziwei , Liu Changxu , Rong Xin , Luo Yang , Cheng Haotian , Zheng Liheng , Lin Feng , Shen Bo , Gong Yongji , Zhang Shuang , Fang Zheyu
Published: July 2018

Transition metal dichalcogenides with intrinsic spin–valley degrees of freedom hold great potentials for applications in spintronic and valleytronic devices. MoS2 monolayer possesses two inequivalent valleys in the Brillouin zone, with each valley coupling selectively with circularly polarized photons. The degree of valley polarization (DVP) is a parameter to characterize the purity of valley‐polarized photoluminescence (PL) of MoS2 monolayer. Usually, the detected values of DVP in MoS2 monolayer show achiral property under optical excitation of opposite helicities due to reciprocal phonon‐assisted intervalley scattering process. Here, it is reported that valley‐polarized PL of MoS2 can be tailored through near‐field interaction with plasmonic chiral metasurface. The resonant field of the chiral metasurface couples with valley‐polarized excitons, and tailors the measured PL spectra in the far‐field, resulting in observation of chiral DVP of MoS2‐metasurface under opposite helicities excitations. Valley‐contrast PL in the chiral heterostructure is also observed when illuminated by linearly polarized light. The manipulation of valley‐polarized PL in 2D materials using chiral metasurface represents a viable route toward valley‐polaritonic devices.
Efficient Vacuum‐Processed Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Carbene–Metal–Amides
Authors: Conaghan Patrick J. , Menke S. Matthew , Romanov Alexander S. , Jones Saul T. E. , Pearson Andrew J. , Evans Emrys W. , Bochmann Manfred , Greenham Neil C. , Credgington Dan
Published: July 2018

Efficient vacuum‐processed organic light‐emitting diodes are fabricated using a carbene–metal–amide material, CMA1. An electroluminescence (EL) external quantum efficiency of 23% is achieved in a host‐free emissive layer comprising pure CMA1. Furthermore external quantum efficiencies of up to 26.9% are achieved in host–guest emissive layers. EL spectra are found to depend on both the emissive‐layer doping concentration and the choice of host material, enabling tuning of emission color from mid‐green (Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage co‐ordinates [0.24, 0.46]) to sky blue ([0.22 0.35]) without changing dopant. This tuning is achieved without compromising luminescence efficiency (>80%) while maintaining a short radiative lifetime of triplets (<1 μs).
Visible‐Light‐Mediated Photoredox‐Catalyzed N‐Arylation of NH‐Sulfoximines with Electron‐Rich Arenes
Authors: Wimmer Alexander , König Burkhard
Published: July 2018

The direct C−H/N−H dehydrogenative cross‐coupling of NH‐sulfoximines with electron‐rich arenes was realized by oxidative visible‐light photoredox catalysis, applying 9‐mesityl‐10‐methylacridinium perchlorate as an organic photocatalyst. Sulfoximines display diverse desirable properties for medicinal chemistry and the pharmaceutical industry. However, their preparation is still challenging. Our reaction proceeds without sacrificial oxidant, at room temperature and is highly selective for the C−N bond forming reaction. The scope of the reaction includes mono‐ and multi‐alkylated and halogenated arenes, which are reacted with aromatic and aliphatic electron‐rich and electron‐poor NH‐sulfoximines, giving moderate to excellent yields of the N‐arylated sulfoximines. In addition, we successfully conducted the developed reaction on a gram scale (1.5 g). Mechanistic investigations show that both arene and NH‐sulfoximine interact with the excited‐state of the photocatalyst. We propose a radical‐based mechanism, where both the arene and the NH‐sulfoximine are photo‐oxidized to their respective radical intermediates. Radical‐radical cross‐coupling subsequently leads to the N‐arylated sulfoximine. Two electrons and two protons are released during the reaction and are subsequently converted into H2 by a proton‐reducing cobalt‐catalyst.

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Adaptive differentiation among populations of the Mediterranean dry grassland species Brachypodium retusum: The role of soil conditions, grazing, and humidity
Authors: Vidaller Christel , Dutoit Thierry , Ibrahim Yosra , Hanslin Hans Martin , Bischoff Armin
Published: July 2018

Premise of the Study

Genetic differentiation in plant species may result from adaptation to environmental conditions, but also from stochastic processes. The drivers selecting for local adaptation and the contribution of adaptation to genetic differentiation are often unknown. Restoration and succession studies have revealed different colonization patterns for Brachypodium retusum, a common Mediterranean grass. In order to understand these patterns, we tested population differentiation and adaptation to different environmental factors.

Methods

Structured sampling of 12 populations from six sites and two soil types within site was used to analyze the spatial and environmental structure of population differentiation. Sampling sites differ in grazing intensity and climate. We tested germination and growth in a common garden. In subsets, we analyzed the differential response to stone cover, grazing and soil moisture.

Key Results

We found significant differences among populations. The site explained population differentiation better than soil, suggesting a dominant influence of climate and/or genetic drift. Stone cover had a positive influence on seedling establishment, and populations showed a differential response. However, this response was not related to environmental differences between collection sites. Regrowth after clipping was higher in populations from the more intensively grazed Red Mediterranean soils suggesting an adaptation to grazing. Final germination was generally high even under drought, but germination response to differences in soil moisture was similar across populations.

Conclusions

Adaptive population differentiation in germination and early growth may have contributed to different colonization patterns. Thus, the provenance of B. retusum needs to be carefully considered in ecological restoration.
Elektrokatalytische Oxidation von 5‐(Hydroxymethyl)furfural an Nickelborid mit großer Oberfläche
Authors: Barwe Stefan , Weidner Jonas , Cychy Steffen , Morales Dulce M. , Dieckhöfer Stefan , Hiltrop Dennis , Masa Justus , Muhler Martin , Schuhmann Wolfgang
Published: July 2018

Die elektrochemische Oxidation des Bioraffinerieproduktes 5‐(Hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) zu der für die Polymerindustrie interessanten Plattformchemikalie 2,5‐Furandicarbonsäure (FDCA) gewinnt immer mehr Aufmerksamkeit. FDCA‐basierter Polymere, wie z. B. Polyethylenfuranoat (PEF), besitzen das Potential, großtechnisch verwendete und auf Erdöl basierende Polymere wie z. B. Polyethylenterephthalat (PET) nachhaltig zu ersetzen. Wir berichten über die hocheffiziente elektrokatalytische Oxidation von HMF zu FDCA an mit Nickelborid beschichtetem Nickelschaum. Die Elektrolyse von HMF bei konstantem Potential gekoppelt mit Hochleistungsflüssigkeitschromatographie (HPLC) zeigt einen hohen Faradayschen Wirkungsgrad von nahezu 100 % bezüglich FDCA als Oxidationsprodukt mit einer Ausbeute von 98.5 %. Operando‐ATR‐IR gekoppelt mit Elektrochemie belegt, dass HMF bevorzugt über das Intermediat 5‐Hydroxymethyl‐2‐furancarbonsäure (HMFCA) anstatt 2,5‐Diformylfuran (DFF) oxidiert wird. Diese Ergebnisse stimmen mit denen der HPLC‐Analyse überein. Die vorgestellte Studie berichtet nicht nur über Nickelborid als einen kostengünstigen Elektrokatalysator für die Oxidation von HMF zu FDCA, sondern gibt auch neue Einblicke in den Reaktionspfad.
Arene‐Limited Nondirected C−H Activation of Arenes
Authors: Wedi Philipp , van Gemmeren Manuel
Published: July 2018

The nondirected C(sp2)−H activation of simple arenes has advanced significantly in recent years through the discovery of new catalyst systems that are able to perform transformations with the arene as the limiting reagent. Important developments in catalyst and ligand design that have improved reactivity and selectivity are reviewed.
Enantioconvergent Biocatalytic Redox Isomerization
Authors: Liu Yu‐Chang , Merten Christian , Deska Jan
Published: July 2018

Alcohol dehydrogenases can act as powerful catalysts in the preparation of optically pure γ‐hydroxy‐δ‐lactones by means of an enantioconvergent dynamic redox isomerization of readily available Achmatowicz‐type pyranones. Imitating the traditionally metal‐mediated “borrowing hydrogen” approach to shuffle hydrides across molecular architectures and interconvert functional groups, this chemoinspired and purely biocatalytic interpretation effectively expands the enzymatic toolbox and provides new opportunities in the assembly of multienzyme cascades and tailor‐made cellular factories.
COSMO SkyMed X‐Band SAR application – combined with thermal and RGB images – in the archaeological landscape of Roman Mellaria (Fuente Obejuna‐Córdoba, Spain)
Authors: Monterroso Checa Antonio , Martínez Reche Teresa
Published: July 2018

COSMO SkyMed offers high resolution X‐Band SAR (synthetic aperture radar) images. Despite its enormous potential, research investigating the possible uses in archaeology is still very scarce, especially of one which works solely with single date analysis starting with a single SAR scene. Therefore, we present the results of single date analysis developed with the acquisition of a CSK‐SPOTLIGHT X‐Band SAR image from Telespazio Iberica (Italian Space Agency) which examined 49 km2 of the territory of the ancient Roman city of Mellaria. This has allowed us to calibrate the possibilities of CSK X‐Band SAR in a geographic environment under climatic and atmospheric conditions other than those studied up to now. In addition, it is the first time that it has been used in an archaeological environment as dense as Spain. We tried to use the X‐Band SAR (1 m/pixel) image in order to detect archaeological traces in combination with thermal images (0.26 m/pixel) and RGB (0.03 m/pixel) taken airborne. We also used the RGB orthophotographs from the PNOA‐IGN (0.50 m/pixel) as a comparative method.
Bericht des Arbeitskreises Baugruben: Entwurf EB 85 und Anhang A 10
Authors: Hettler Achim , Becker Patrick , Kinzler Steffen
Published: July 2018

Den Arbeitskreis „Baugruben“ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geotechnik erreichten in der Vergangenheit wiederholt Hinweise von Anwendern, in denen auf die Unterschiede beim Nachweis der vertikalen Tragfähigkeit von Baugrubenwänden zwischen 4. und 5. Auflage der Empfehlungen des Arbeitskreises „Baugruben“ (EAB) hingewiesen wurde. Vergleichsberechnungen zeigten, dass der Nachweis der vertikalen Tragfähigkeit nach 5. Auflage zu unwirtschaftlicheren Ergebnissen als nach 4. Auflage führt. Als ursächlich konnten dabei die empfohlenen Werte für die rechnerische Ermittlung der Mantelreibung identifiziert werden. Dies wurde vom Arbeitskreis zum Anlass genommen, die aktuellen Empfehlungen detailliert zu überprüfen und unter Einbeziehung wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse und praktischer Erfahrungen eine Überarbeitung vorzunehmen. Gegenstand des vorliegenden Aufsatzes ist die Begründung des Erfordernisses der Anpassungen, die inhaltliche Begründung der vorgenommenen Überarbeitungen und der Abdruck des Entwurfs der überarbeiteten Empfehlungen mit der Bitte um Stellungnahme durch die Fachwelt.
Nanosecond pulsed electric field exposure does not induce the unfolded protein response in adult human dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Martens Stacey L. , Roth Caleb C. , Ibey Bennett L.
Published: July 2018

Cell‐circuit models have suggested that nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) can disrupt intracellular membranes including endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, and/or nucleus thereby inducing intrinsic apoptotic pathways. Therefore, we hypothesized that the unfolded protein response (UPR) would be activated, due to the fluctuations of ionic concentrations, upon poration of the ER membrane. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was utilized to measure changes in messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of specific ER stress genes in adult human dermal fibroblast (HDFa) cells treated with tunicamycin (TM) (known ER stress inducer) and cells exposed to nsPEFs (100, 10‐ns pulses at 150 kV/cm delivered at a repetition rate of 1 Hz). For HDFa cells, results showed time‐dependent UPR activation to TM; however, when HDFa cells were exposed to nsPEFs, no significant changes in mRNA expression of ER stress genes, and/or caspase gene were observed. These results indicate that although cell death can be observed under these exposure parameters, it is most likely not initiated through activation of the UPR. Bioelectromagnetics. 2018;39:491–499, 2018. Published 2018. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA
Stability‐indicating spectrofluorimetric method for the assay of riboflavin and photoproducts: Kinetic applications
Authors: Ahmad Iqbal , Anwar Zubair , Sheraz Muhammad Ali , Ahmed Sofia , Khattak Saif‐ur‐Rehman
Published: July 2018

A stability‐indicating spectrofluorimetric method has been developed for the simultaneous assay of riboflavin (RF) and photoproducts, formylmethylflavin (FMF), lumichrome (LC) and lumiflavin (LF) in aqueous solution. The method is based on the extraction of LC formed in acid solution and LC and LF formed in alkaline solution with chloroform at pH 2.0 and their assay by fluorescence measurements at 478 and 530 nm, respectively. The aqueous phase, on readjustment of the pH to 6.5, is used to extract FMF with chloroform and its assay is carried out at 530 nm. The aqueous phase is then used for the assay of RF at 530 nm. The proposed method gives more accurate results for the assay of RF compared to those of the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) spectrofluorimetric method which does not take into account the presence of RF photoproducts having similar fluorescence characteristics. The proposed method along with the USP method has been applied to the study of the kinetics of photolysis of RF, assay of stored commercial vitamin preparations and their radiated samples. The results show that the USP method does not distinguish between the fluorescence of RF and its photoproducts, and, therefore, gives erroneous results with about 11% excess in the quantity of the vitamin compared to that of the proposed method. This is due to the interference of the fluorescence of photoproducts in the assay of RF. The method has been validated for various analytical parameters according to the guideline of the International Council for Harmonization (ICH).
Learning analytics on graduates’ academic records to reflect on a competency‐based curriculum
Authors: Chou Chih‐Yueh , Tseng Shu‐Fen , Wang Cheng‐Jhang , Chao Po‐Yao , Chen Zhi‐Hong , Lai K. Robert , Chan Chien‐Lung , Yu Liang‐Chih
Published: July 2018

A competency‐based curriculum involves an outcome‐based approach for cultivating graduates’ core competencies required for specific professions. A curriculum committee defines graduates’ outcomes of core competencies, designs a curriculum to cultivate core competencies, evaluates graduates’ outcomes, and reflects on and regulates the curriculum. However, curriculum committees lack systematic evaluative information for reflection. Learning analytics, an emerging data‐driven analytics of educational data, could be applied to assist curriculum committees in reflection. This study proposes competency‐based learning analytics, including seven analytic tools, to analyze curricula and graduates’ academic records to assist curriculum committees in reflecting (1) objectives, competencies, and curriculum design of competency‐based curricula and (2) faculty teaching and student learning. The proposed learning analytics were conducted on 14 departments of a university. This study reports the curriculum committees’ eight practical reflections of curricula, faculty teaching, and student learning. This study illustrates potential applications and impact of competency‐based learning analytics on competency‐based curricula.
The Chemical Compositions of Angelica pubescens Oil and Its Prevention of UV‐B Radiation‐Induced Cutaneous Photoaging
Authors: Chen Dingkang , Du Zhiyun , Lin Zhirong , Su Ping , Huang Hanyi , Ou Zhirong , Pan Wanyi , Huang Shiya , Zhang Kun , Zheng Xi , Lin Li , Zhang Lanyue
Published: July 2018

Angelica pubescens, a plant of the family Umbelliferae, has been widely used as traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of many diseases. However, there has been minimal modern research focused on the pharmacological activity of oils extracted from Angelica pubescens, in particular, the potential anti‐photoaging effects. Therefore, in the present study, we analyzed the chemical composition of Angelica pubescens oil (AO) and evaluated its bioactivity against photoaging in ultraviolet (UV) ‐B radiation‐induced hairless mice. Overall, we identified and analyzed 93 compounds from the AO by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The top ten compounds were as follows: osthole (44.608%), glutaric acid hexadecyl pent‐4‐en‐1‐yl ester (5.758%), α‐bisabolol (3.795%), eugenol (3.637%), (Z)‐docos‐13‐enamide (3.286%), (3S,3aR)‐3‐butyl‐3a,4,5,6‐tetrahydro‐3H‐2‐benzofuran‐1‐one (3.043%), m‐cresol (2.841%), trans‐sesquisabinene hydrate (2.128%), 4‐hydroxy‐2‐methylacetophenone (1.735%), and (Z)‐9‐pentadecenol (1.509%). Application of AO improved the condition of UV‐B radiation‐induced damaged skin, and the mechanism of action was found to be related to inhibition of the production of inflammatory cytokines. These results highlight the potential application of AO for the development of skin care products.
Flexible Assembly of an Enzyme Cascade on a DNA Triangle Prism Nanostructure for the Controlled Biomimetic Generation of Nitric Oxide
Authors: Zhou Li , Liu Yu , Shi Hui , Yang Xiaohai , Huang Jin , Liu Songyang , Chen Qiaoshu , Liu Jianbo , Wang Kemin
Published: July 2018

Spatial organization of multiple enzymes at specific positions for a controlled reaction cascade has attracted wide attention in recent years. Here, we report the construction of a biomimetic enzyme cascade organized on DNA triangle prism (TP) nanostructures to enable the efficient catalytic production of nitric oxide (NO) on a single microbead. Two enzymes, glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP), were assembled at adjacent locations on a DNA TP nanostructure by using DNA‐binding protein adaptors with small interenzyme distances. In the cascade, the first enzyme, GOx, converts glucose into gluconic acid in the presence of oxygen. The produced H2O2 intermediate is rapidly transported to the second enzyme, HRP, which oxides hydroxyurea into NO and other nitroxyl species. The pH near the surface of the negatively charged DNA nanostructures is believed to be lower than that in the bulk solution; this creates an optimal pH environment for the anchored enzymes, which results in higher yields of the NO product. Furthermore, the multienzyme system was immobilized on a microbead mediated by a DNA adaptor, and this enabled the efficient catalytic generation of gas molecules in the microreactor. Therefore, this work provides an alternative route for the biomimetic generation of NO through enzyme cascades. In particular, the dynamic binding capability of the DNA sequence enabled the positions of the protein enzyme and the DNA nanostructure to be reversed, which allowed the cascade catalysis to be modulated.
Transforming growth factor‐β1 increases C‐C chemokine ligand 11 production in interleukin 4‐stimulated human periodontal ligament cells
Authors: Hosokawa Yoshitaka , Hosokawa Ikuko , Ozaki Kazumi , Matsuo Takashi
Published: July 2018

Transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 is a multifunctional cytokine, which can control certain functions of various kinds of cells. However, it is unclear whether TGF‐β1 affects T‐cell migration in periodontal lesions. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of TGF‐β1 on the production of C‐C chemokine ligand (CCL)11, which is a T‐helper 2‐type chemokine, in human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLC). Interleukin (IL)‐4 induced CCL11 production, but TGF‐β1 did not, in HPDLC. However, TGF‐β1 enhanced CCL11 production in IL‐4‐stimulated HPDLC. Western blot analysis showed that the signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) pathway was highly activated in HPDLC that had been stimulated with both IL‐4 and TGF‐β1. Mitogen‐activated protein kinase activation did not differ between the HPDLC treated with a combination of IL‐4 and TGF‐β1 and those treated with IL‐4 or TGF‐β1 alone. Moreover, a STAT6 inhibitor significantly inhibited CCL11 production in HPDLC that had been stimulated with IL‐4 and TGF‐β1. The current study clearly demonstrated that TGF‐β1 enhanced IL‐4‐induced CCL11 production in HPDLC. The STAT6 pathway is important for CCL11 production in IL‐4‐ and TGF‐β1‐treated HPDLC.
Chemical Conversion of Steel Mill Gases to Urea: An Analysis of Plant Capacity
Authors: Yildirim Ömer , Nölker Klaus , Büker Karsten , Kleinschmidt Ralph
Published: July 2018

A significant amount of global carbon dioxide emissions is due to steel mill gases. One promising approach for the reduction of these emissions is their chemical conversion. In this regard, the conversion to urea is very advantageous, since common urea processes are already using carbon dioxide as a feedstock. In the present paper, urea capacities are determined that can be realized using steel mill gases. The capacities are estimated based on new process concepts that are presented in this paper. Exemplarily, the steel mill of thyssenkrupp Steel in Duisburg, Germany, is considered. It could be shown that reasonable urea capacities can be reached. By this means, a great impact can be made on the reduction of steel mill carbon dioxide emissions.
Recent Developments in the Conversion of Synthesis Gas to Short‐Chain Alcohols over Cu‐Co‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Schmidt Stefan , Göbel Christoph , Nebel Janine , Wiesmann Thomas , Hamel Christian , Reinsdorf Arne , Wolf Dorit , Gehrmann Stefan , Tenhumberg Nils , Muhler Martin , Kaluza Stefan
Published: July 2018

Cu‐Co‐based catalysts provide promising systems for higher alcohol synthesis (HAS) due to a synergistic dual‐site mechanism. Bimetallic Cu‐Co (alloy) nanoparticles are assumed to be the active sites, but cobalt carbide (Co2C) forming under reaction conditions also seems to influence the formation of C2+OH. Na‐doped Co‐modified Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 is applied as benchmark catalyst within the Carbon2Chem® subproject L4 providing suitable performance in terms of CO conversion and C2+OH selectivity. However, further optimization is required in order to develop an economically viable HAS process.
X‐ray Structures and Feasibility Assessment of CLK2 Inhibitors for Phelan–McDermid Syndrome
Authors: Kallen Joerg , Bergsdorf Christian , Arnaud Bertrand , Bernhard Mario , Brichet Murielle , Cobos‐Correa Amanda , Elhajouji Azeddine , Freuler Felix , Galimberti Ivan , Guibourdenche Christel , Haenni Simon , Holzinger Sandra , Hunziker Juerg , Izaac Aude , Kaufmann Markus , Leder Lukas , Martus Hans‐Joerg , von Matt Peter , Polyakov Valery , Roethlisberger Patrik , Roma Guglielmo , Stiefl Nikolaus , Uteng Marianne , Lerchner Andreas
Published: July 2018

CLK2 inhibition has been proposed as a potential mechanism to improve autism and neuronal functions in Phelan–McDermid syndrome (PMDS). Herein, the discovery of a very potent indazole CLK inhibitor series and the CLK2 X‐ray structure of the most potent analogue are reported. This new indazole series was identified through a biochemical CLK2 Caliper assay screen with 30k compounds selected by an in silico approach. Novel high‐resolution X‐ray structures of all CLKs, including the first CLK4 X‐ray structure, bound to known CLK2 inhibitor tool compounds (e.g., TG003, CX‐4945), are also shown and yield insight into inhibitor selectivity in the CLK family. The efficacy of the new CLK2 inhibitors from the indazole series was demonstrated in the mouse brain slice assay, and potential safety concerns were investigated. Genotoxicity findings in the human lymphocyte micronucleus test (MNT) assay are shown by using two structurally different CLK inhibitors to reveal a major concern for pan‐CLK inhibition in PMDS.
Rectal cancer patients younger than 50 years lack a survival benefit from NCCN guideline–directed treatment for stage II and III disease
Authors: Kolarich Andrew , George Thomas J. , Hughes Steven J. , Delitto Daniel , Allegra Carmen J. , Hall William A. , Chang George J. , Tan Sanda A. , Shaw Christiana M. , Iqbal Atif
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND

The incidence of rectal cancer in patients younger than 50 years is increasing. To test the hypothesis that the biology in this younger cohort may differ, this study compared survival patterns, stratifying patients according to National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guideline–driven care and age.

METHODS

The National Cancer Data Base was queried for patients treated with curative‐intent transabdominal resections with negative surgical margins for stage I to III rectal cancer between 2004 and 2014. Outcomes and overall survival for patients younger than 50 years and patients 50 years old or older were compared by subgroups based on NCCN guideline–driven care.

RESULTS

A total of 43,106 patients were analyzed. Younger patients were more likely to be female and minorities, to be diagnosed at a higher stage, and to have travelled further to be treated at academic/integrated centers. Short‐ and long‐term outcomes were significantly better for patients younger than 50 years, with age‐specific survival rates calculated. Younger patients were more likely to receive radiation treatment outside NCCN guidelines for stage I disease. In younger patients, the administration of neoadjuvant chemoradiation for stage II and III disease was not associated with an overall survival benefit.

CONCLUSIONS

Age‐specific survival data for patients with rectal cancer treated with curative intent do not support an overall survival benefit from NCCN guideline–driven therapy for stage II and III patients younger than 50 years. These data suggest that early‐onset disease may differ biologically and in its response to multimodality therapy.
Thickness‐Dependent Strain Evolution of Epitaxial SrTiO3 Thin Films Grown by Ion Beam Sputter Deposition
Authors: Panomsuwan Gasidit , Saito Nagahiro
Published: July 2018

Epitaxial SrTiO3 (STO) thin films are grown on vicinal (001)‐oriented LaAlO3 (LAO) substrates with various thicknesses (3–108 nm) by an ion beam sputter deposition (IBSD). Thickness‐dependent strain in the STO films is investigated comprehensively through the X‐ray analysis. The STO films grow on the LAO substrates under a compressive strain along in‐plane direction (a‐ and b‐axes) and a tensile strain along the growth direction (c‐axis). With increasing film thickness, the STO unit cells evolve from more to less tetragonal structure, indicating the occurrence of strain relaxation. Quantitative strain analysis is also carried out for all STO films in terms of biaxial and hydrostatic components. It is found that the major cause of strain in STO films is caused by biaxial component over hydrostatic component. The surface morphology of STO films exhibit a step‐and‐terrace structure with roughness close to the LAO substrate (approx. 0.1 nm), indicating a 2D growth mode. However, as the film thickness increases, the surface terrace become rougher, which is caused by the effect of strain relaxation.
Stereocontrolled Formal Synthesis of Platencin
Authors: Hsu Day‐Shin , Hwang Tai‐Yu
Published: July 2018

A stereocontrolled formal synthesis of platencin was accomplished in 11 steps from a bromophenol derivative, with an overall yield of 13 %. The intermolecular Diels–Alder reaction of masked o‐benzoquinone and an aldol condensation were the key steps in the construction of the tricyclic core of platencin.
Local real‐time forecasting of ozone exposure using temperature data
Authors: Lu Xinyi , Gelfand Alan E. , Holland David M.
Published: July 2018

Rigorous and rapid assessment of ambient ozone exposure is important for informing the public about ozone levels that may lead to adverse health effects. In this paper, we use hierarchical modeling to enable real‐time forecasting of 8‐hr average ozone exposure. This contrasts with customary retrospective analysis of exposure data. Specifically, our contribution is to show how incorporating temperature data in addition to the observed ozone can significantly improve forecast accuracy, as measured by predictive performance and empirical coverage. We adopt two‐stage autoregressive models, also introducing periodicity and heterogeneity while still maintaining our objective of forecasting in real time. The entire effort is illustrated through modeling data collected at the Village Green monitoring station in Durham, North Carolina.
Quantile information share
Authors: Lien Donald , Wang Zijun
Published: July 2018

This paper presents a new method to estimate Hasbrouck‐type market information share in price discovery. The prevailing market information share is calculated on the basis of conditional mean. We propose a conditional quantile regression approach to obtain a new market information share measure, quantile information share, which varies across the combinations of different price quantiles. The method is illustrated with two data sets, one on the spot and futures markets in pricing S&P 500 equity index, and the other on price discovery for a cross‐listed stock.