bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Bacterial Degradation of Lignin—A Review
Authors: Grgas Dijana , Rukavina Matea , Bešlo Drago , Štefanac Tea , Crnek Vlado , Šikić Tanja , Habuda-Stanić Mirna , Landeka Dragičević Tibela
Published: March 2023

Microbial degradation of lignin, a natural complex biopolymer, a renewable raw material with a wide range of applications, has been mainly directed at fungal systems, nevertheless, recent studies have proposed the bacterial role in lignin degradation and modification since bacteria possess remarkable environmental adaptability, and various production of enzymes and biochemistry. An occurrence of a high proportion of lignin-degrading genes has been confirmed in actinobacteria and proteobacteria classes by bioinformatics analysis, which points to the probability of undiscovered pathways and enzymes. Because of that, bacterial lignin decomposition might be substantially different from fungal lignin decomposition. Bacteria capable of lignin modification and degradation belong to actinomycetes, some Firmicutes, α-proteobacteria, and γ-proteobacteria. The enzymes responsible for lignin degradation are lignin peroxidase, manganese-dependent peroxidase, versatile peroxidase, dye-decolourizing peroxidase, and laccases. One of the main lignin producers is the pulp and paper manufacturing industry. Lignolytic microorganisms have been identified from diverse habitats, such as in plants, soil, wood, and the gut. Bacterial strains Bacillus, Rhodococcus, Sterptomyces, and Pseudomonas have been reported to have lignin decomposition ability. This review aims to describe the role of bacteria in lignin degradation, bacterial species, and bacterial enzymes included in lignin degradation. Several reports about bacterial species involved in lignin degradation are also highlighted, and the current state of the knowledge on the degradation of lignin from the pulp and paper manufacturing industry are reported.
An Assessment of Trends of Potential Evapotranspiration at Multiple Timescales and Locations in Sicily from 2002 to 2022
Authors: Aschale Tagele Mossie , Palazzolo Nunziarita , Peres David J. , Sciuto Guido , Cancelliere Antonino
Published: March 2023

Climate change and the related temperature rise can cause an increase in evapotranspiration. Thus, the assessment of potential evapotranspiration (PET) trends is important to identify possible ongoing signals of climate change, in order to develop adaptation measures for water resource management and improve irrigation efficiency. In this study, we capitalize on the data available from a network of 46 complete meteorological stations in Sicily that cover a period of about 21 years (2002–2022) to estimate PET by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) using the Penman–Monteith method at the daily time scale in Sicily (southern Italy). We then analyse the trends of PET and assess their significance by Sen’s Slope and the Mann–Kendall test at multiple temporal scales (monthly, seasonal, and annual). Most of the locations do not show significant trends. For instance, at the annual timescale, only five locations have a significantly increasing trend. However, there are many locations where the monthly trend is statistically significant. The number of locations where monthly trend is significant is maximum for August, where 18 out of these 46 stations have an increasing trend. In contrast, in March, there are no locations with a significant trend. The location with the highest increasing trend of PET indicates trend slopes of 1.73, 3.42, and 10.68 mm/year at monthly (August), seasonal (summer), and annual timescales, respectively. In contrast, decreasing PET trends are present only at the monthly and seasonal scales, with a maximum of, respectively, −1.82 (July) and −3.28 (summer) mm/year. Overall, the findings of this study are useful for climate change adaptation strategies to be pursued in the region.
USE OF INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS TO IMPROVE ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF ROAD TRANSPORT IN THE KURSK REGION
Authors:   Southwestern State University, Ivan Pavlovich Emelyanov , Iraida Olegovna Kirilchuk ,   Southwestern State University, Alexey Nikolaevich Barkov ,   Southwestern State University, Ksenia Andreevna Persidskaya ,   Southwestern State University
Published: March 2023

The presented work opens a series of articles devoted to the study of the impact of the local project of the intelligent transport system, implemented in the Kursk region, on reducing the negative impact of motor transport on the components of the environment and public health. The results of the review conducted by the authors prove the relevance of research in this area, while the main attention should be paid to the development of comprehensive measures to reduce environmental damage to the environment from the impact of motor vehicles.
«PORTRAIT» OF THE PSYCHE ON THE BACKGROUND OF THE PHYSICAL WORLD: SUBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT AND FREEDOM OF CHOICE ARE DRIVERS OF THE INFORMATION PROCESS IN THE BRAIN
Authors: Soloviov O. , Litvinova O.
Published: March 2023

Behaviorist psychology, following analytical philosophy, which was formed on the unquestioning belief in the ability of classical physical determinism to explain even the nature of mental phenomena, sometimes declared the mental to be an artifact of the physical activity of the brain, sometimes reduced it to the physical as such. Sometimes psychologists and philosophers simply stated the fundamentally incomprehensible nature of the mental – like the Kantian «thing in itself». But psychology, since it became aware of itself, has not forgotten to investigate, describe and interpret mental phenomena and processes. However, even in our times, enlightened by respectable theories, the «spirit» of secrecy and incomprehensibility of the ontological foundations of the mental is still present in psychology. And this clearly does not contribute to raising the status of psychology as a well-conceptually formed science, despite the undeniable ontological scale of the object of its research – the psyche.

So, here, in order to discover these ontological foundations of the psychic, we have considered the psychic against the background of two fundamental factors. One of them is the physical world surrounding living beings (including humans), to which the psychic should adapt them. The second is the properties of neural networks of the brain (also, by the way, physically functioning), the activity of which is directly related to the realization of the mental itself. This enables us not only to determine the issue of the ontological nature of the mental, i.e., the way and specificity of its existence and functioning, but also to identify the main mechanism of the procedurality of the mental during information processing. The quintessence of this mechanism is that it occurs thanks to two key aspects of the mental information process in the brain. This is, first of all, the ability of living beings with a sufficiently highly organized brain to subjectively assess the biological (and later in evolution and social) value of objects and phenomena in their physical environment. And secondly, it is the subjective selection of information stored in the brain for the purpose of integration of accumulated experience, which is functionally related to the ability to subjectively evaluate. This mechanism allows such living beings to respond to probable, new external stimuli with their behavioral novelty (creative activity). Therefore, mental proceduralism should become unthinkable without taking into account the factors of subjective evaluation and freedom of choice. And freedom of choice is, first of all, a mental aspect of processing information, and as a result, and precisely because it is a valuable phenomenon, it is also a social value – whether in the form of freedom of religion, or political freedoms, or freedom of speech , or something else like this.
THE PREREQUISITES FOR THE FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY OF SPECIALISTS (CONSULTANTS) IN INCLUSIVE-RESOURCE CENTRES
Authors: Omelchenko I. , Kondratiuk Zh.
Published: March 2023

The article analyses theoretically the prerequisites for the formation of the professional identity of specialists (consultants) in inclusive-resource centres. The article provides theoretical definitions for: professional personality formation, competence, professional competence. The concept of professional identity of specialists (consultants) in inclusive-resource centres is revealed: professional identity is a result of professional self-determination and self-organization. The prerequisites for the formation of the professional identity of specialists (consultants) in inclusive-resource centres are outlined theoretically in line with the competence approach; they ensure the successful professionalization of counselling practitioners’ activities. A number of prerequisites in the field of motivational-value, cognitive, technical, interpersonal communicative, contextual, adaptive, integrative, creative, acmeological, autopsychological competences were identified as fundamental. The peculiarities of specialists’ (consultants’) professional identity formation are presented via revealing the motives for profession choose, the formation of professional self-awareness and professional orientation, the development of professional self-actualization and professionally important qualities during interaction with children with special educational needs and their parent, and via the development of an individual professional style.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PECULIARITIES OF INTERPERSONAL INTERACTION CREATION BY TECHNICAL PROFILE STUDENTS OF DIFFERENT GENDER
Authors: Kuksa Y.
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to the problem of interpersonal interaction of technical profile students. In particular, the results of a comparative study of the peculiarities of interpersonal interaction creation by technical profile students of different genders are described.

In the article, interaction is considered as a process of direct or indirect interaction of subjects with each other, which creates their mutual state and relations. According to the results of the empirical research, it was found that male students of a technical profile have a dominant tendency in interaction, while girls have a tendency to be sensitive and friendly. Common to both boys and girls is a high level of sociability, which contributes to the emergence of attraction. Technical profile students have a high level of striving for people and a relatively significant fear of being rejected. At the same time, boys and girls have certain differences in the manifestation of affiliative tendencies. Girls are more eager to establish friendships with others than boys, but they are also more afraid of being rejected in communication and interaction than boys.

Determining the peculiarities of the interpersonal interaction creation, which are inherent to male and female technical profile students, proved that male students have an active desire to win leadership positions, social recognition, and a high status in the system of interpersonal relations. They are able to take responsibility and to be persistent in their beliefs, to insist on their own. Instead, girls have an internal desire to accept group standards, values, traditions, a desire to form emotional connections with the surrounding people, that is, the ability to make contact. Such traits as modesty, timidity, shyness, and the ability to forgive are inherent to them. Girls strive to take care of close people, show tolerance towards others.

We came to the conclusion that male and female technical profile students have different specifics of interpersonal interaction creation, in particular, they have different factors of interpersonal interaction and strategies for interpersonal relationships creation.
Relação entre aspectos alimentares e depressão, independência e estado mental em idosos
Authors: Fernandes Ramos Verônica , Francisco Silva Anderson , Correa Celeste Letícia , Picinato-Pirola Melissa
Published: March 2023

Objetivo. Verificar se os aspectos alimentares e as funções orofaciais são influenciados pelo risco para depressão, dependência para realizar atividades de vida diária e estado mental em idosos. Método. Trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal e analítico. Participaram do estudo 30 idosos com média de idade de 67,13 anos. Foi aplicado um questionário quanto as dificuldades durante a alimentação e foi realizada avaliação das funções de mastigação e deglutição por meio da aplicação do instrumento padronizado Protocolo de Avaliação Miofuncional Orofacial com Escores para Idosos. O dispositivo Biofeedback Pró-Fono: Pressão de Lábios e de Língua foi utilizado para avaliação da força de pressão de lábios e ponta e dorso de língua. Foram aplicadas a Escala de Atividades Instrumentais de Vida Diária, Escala de Depressão Geriátrica e o Mine-Exame do Estado Mental. Resultados. Foi encontrada relação significativa entre o risco para depressão geriátrica e autopercepção de aumento de tempo para mastigar, de dificuldade para deglutir e de alteração de apetite; e entre Atividades Instrumentais de Vida Diária e autopercepção de alteração de apetite. Não foi encontrada relação entre a força de lábios e língua e as escalas aplicadas. Conclusão. Idosos com risco para depressão geriátrica apresentaram autopercepção de aumento de tempo mastigatório, dificuldade durante deglutição e alteração de apetite. O declínio cognitivo decorrente do envelhecimento saudável, o risco para depressão geriátrica e maior dependência para realizar atividades de vida diária não foram associados a redução do desempenho das funções de mastigação e deglutição e força de pressão de lábios e língua.
Why Following the Rules Will Not Stop Them:
Authors: Martinsson Lena , Mulinari Diana
Published: March 2023

The last few decades have witnessed the emergence of several knowledge traditions within academic clusters inspired by and engaged in productive dialogue with transnational social movements such as feminist, queer, trans* and Crip studies, critical race theory, indigenous studies, and degrowth scholarship (Choudry & Kappor 2010; Bhattacharyya & Murji 2013; Carruthers 2018; Salisbury & Connelly 2021). Despite significant theoretical and methodological differences, these traditions share a recognition of the fundamental role played by social actors outside academia in the struggle for social justice in academic knowledge production. Recent decades have also witnessed the emergence of ethnonationalist and anti-gender social movements, networks, and political parties attacking these academic traditions and focusing on the university as a fundamental arena for generating and reproducing their ideologies of hate (Perry 2009). These attacks target academic fields and individual scholars sharing a commitment to social justice issues (Floyd 2009) and an understanding of knowledge production inside academia as contributing to visions of social justice beyond academia (Young 2000). Central to these threats against scholars working within social justice paradigms is the argument that their scholarly production is “political” and hence unscientific. In this article, we explore the politics of knowledge claims among key anti-gender and right-wing actors within and related to academic institutions in Sweden. Inspired by the concepts of neoliberal depoliticising and neoliberal governance, we analyse arguments and strategies from 2015 to 2021 designed to undermine gender studies and to create and establish arenas for right-wing ethnonationalist knowledge production within the academia.
PENGARUH SUBSTITUSI PAKAN TERNAK TERHADAP PERTAMBAHAN BOBOT BADAN DAN KONSUMSI RANSUM AYAM PEDAGING
Authors: Kuswoyo Anton , Safitri Rika , Kiptiah Mariatul
Published: March 2023

Pakan merupakan salah satu faktor penting untuk kebutuhan hidup ternak khususnya ayam pedaging. Produktivitas ternak ditentukan oleh faktor nutrisi dan pakan ternak. Pakan ternak dapat diolah menggunakan dedak fermentasi, tepung gaplek, tepung ikan dan tepung jagung. Pengolahan pakan yang baik yaitu dari dedak dan gaplek karena sangat cocok untuk tambahan makanan yang dikhususkan buat ayam ras pedaging. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemberian pakan ternak terhadap pertambahan bobot badan dan konsumsi ransum ayam pedaging. Penelitian ini diawali dengan pengolahan pakan ternak dengan formulasi bahan yang berbeda-beda pada setiap perlakuan yaitu P0 (pakan ternak asli buatan pabrik); P1 (pakan ternak dari dedak fermentasi dan tepung gaplek); P2 dan P3 (pakan ternak dari dedak fermentasi, tepung gaplek, tepung jagung dan tepung ikan) pakan ternak diberikan pada ayam pedaging dan diamati perubahan yang terjadi yaitu meliputi pertambahan bobot badan dan konsumsi ransum ayam pedaging setiap harinya dan data yang telah didapatkan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan menunjukkan bahwa masing-masing ayam mengalami kenaikan bobot badan selama 7 hari pengamatan yaitu ayam A sebesar 285 gram, ayam B sebesar 761 gram, ayam C sebesar 297 gram dan ayam D sebesar 377 gram. Dan untuk konsumsi ransum masing-masing ayam yaitu untuk ayam A sebanyak 860 gram, ayam B sebanyak 810 gram, ayam C sebanyak 777 gram dan ayam D sebanyak 721 gram. Jadi untuk pakan ternak buatan pabrik dan pakan ternak buatan sendiri sama-sama memberikan manfaat untuk  pertambahan bobot badan dan konsumsi ransum ayam pedaging. Sehingga dengan pengolahan pakan ternak sendiri akan lebih menghemat biaya.
The Resilience of 3rd and 4th Grade Students. Semester, in Times of Covid 19, at the Autonomous University of Chihuahua. Case: Faculty of Accounting and Administration
Authors: García Bencomo Dra. Myrna Isela , Burciaga Sánchez Dra. Brenda Guadalupe , Villa Dr. Jesús Robles , Holguín Magallane M. A. Karinna Idalia
Published: March 2023

The general objective was to identify the resilience of 3rd and 4th grade students. Semester in time of Covid 19 at the Faculty of Accounting and Administration of the Autonomous University of Chihuahua. It was carried out from March to December 2021. It was a mixed research, of an applied, non-experimental, transactional, hypothetical-deductive, field type with bibliographic support, with a sampling frame obtained from the list of students from the periods January-June and August-December 2021 for the 3rd and 4th semester, provided by the Academic Secretary of the Faculty of Accounting and Administration of the Autonomous University of Chihuahua. Non-probabilistic sampling, for convenience.
Implant-Associated Anaplastic T-Cell Lymphoma. The Current State of the Problem, Own Experience
Authors: Рукавицын А.А. , Ковригина А.М. , Самойлова А.А. , Богатырёв В.В. , Смирнова Е.Г. , Мочкин Н.Е. , Мамедова А.А. , Алексеев С.А. , Саржевский В.О. , Мельниченко В.Я.
Published: March 2023

Анапластическая Т-клеточная лимфома, ассоциированная с имплантами молочных желез, или имплант-ассоциированная Т-клеточная лимфома (ИА-ТКЛ), является редкой формой неходжкинскихT-клеточных лимфом (CD30+/ALK-), развивающейся в фиброзной капсуле (или за ее пределами), возникающей вследствие длительного контакта импланта с тканями реципиента. Заболеваемость данным видом лимфом неуклонно увеличивается – по данным на конец 2021 г. в мире зарегистрировано 733 случая ИА-ТКЛ и 36 летальных исходов, связанных с ИА-ТКЛ, большая часть в США – 363, Австралии – 112, Франции – 86. В России зарегистрировано только 4 случая без летальных исходов. В статье описаны современный подход к диагностике и лечению ИА-ТКЛ и собственный клинический опыт.

Breast implant-associated anaplastic T-cell lymphoma or implant-associated T-cell lymphoma (BIA-TCL) is a rare type of non-Hodgkin T-cell lymphoma (CD30+/ALK-) which evolves from fibrous cap or outside due to long-term contact between the implant and the recipient tissue. The incidence of this type lymphoma is increasing – 733 cases of BIA- TCL and 36 deaths in the end of 2021 worldwide. Most cases in the United States – 363, Australia – 112, France – 86, in Russia only 4 cases are registered without fatalities. The article describes the current approach to the diagnosis and treatment of BIA-TCL and own clinical experience.
System of psychotherapeutic support for injured combatants
Authors: Platynyuk O.B. , Koshchii V.O.
Published: March 2023

The effects of combat stress most often cause non-psychotic mental disorders, which are manifested in significant emotional experiences, disorders of cognitive processing of information, deformation of social ties of combatants. We examined and treated 145 male combatants, who were injured and treated at the Military Medical Clinical Center of the Northern Region (Kharkiv), aged 20-55 years. According to the data obtained during the study, the following non-psychotic disorders were noted in the surveyed combatants: acute stress reaction (F43.0) in 36.2 % of combatants, post-traumatic stress disorder (F43.1) in 32.1 %, prolonged depressive reaction (F43.21) in 11.3 %, mixed anxiety-depressive reaction (F43.22) in 12.2 %, depressive episode (F32.1, F32.2) in 8.2 % of combatants. We developed and tested a program of personalized psychotherapeutic support for combatants, based on the obtained data from clinical psychopathological features of non-psychotic mental disorders. It is proved that the developed program of psychotherapeutic support of combatants promotes productive dynamics of psychopathological symptoms, forms a feeling of self-sufficiency, psychological well-being, promotes improvement of interpersonal relations and general perception of quality of life.

Keywords: combatants, mental trauma, psychotherapeutic support.
"IN THE JUNGLE OF RELATIONSHIPS." BRECHT, CASPAR NEHER AND THE WEST GERMAN POST-WAR CULTURAL INDUSTRY
Authors: Hillesheim Jürgen
Published: March 2023

The article deals with little-known or unknown facts from the biography of Bertolt Brecht in the first post-war decade, when he began to be transformed into an icon in the art of the German Democratic Republic. But in reality, the writer, as throughout his life, continues to look for different ways to realize his own creative plans and popularize his work in both parts of Germany: in socialist East Germany and in capitalist West Germany. Bertolt Brecht resumes quite active cooperation with Caspar Neher. This talented artist, with whom Bertolt Brecht had been friends since his youth and had a number of successful theater projects before Brechts emigration in 1933, not only did not leave Germany after the Nazis came to power, but also continued to work with theaters and after 1945 quickly became successful in West Germany, which was "an enemy" to the GDR's cultural policy. This is one of several examples of Brecht's unexpected creative collaboration, which goes beyond the narrow framework of his reception as a purely socialist author and demonstrates the importance of his primary task of achieving success in theatre, rather than ideological correctness. In the post-war years, Brecht was ready to deal even with partially compromised artists. This contradicts the widespread and simplified and idealized image of the author as a supporter of communism.
SONGS FROM BERTOLT BRECHT’S THE THREEPENNY OPERA: FUNCTIONING WITHIN THE DRAMATIC TEXT AND BEYOND IT
Authors: Macenka S.
Published: March 2023

The history of Bertolt Brecht's The Threepenny Opera ("Die Dreigroschenoper", 1928) reception has been used to analyze the literary and musical genre of song, its specificity for the German cultural space of the time, attachment to the new American and long-standing German song tradition, its dependence on the manner of performance, voice performability, gesture character and aesthetic requirements of epic theatre. Based on the theoretical considerations of the German playwright and his own experience of performing, songs are viewed both as an element of "play with music" with an emphasis on their innovative functioning within the text and as independent art phenomena which played an essential role in popularizing The Threepenny Opera in general and its specific ideas and ways of their implementation in particular. A significant characteristic of Brecht's songs has been highlighted – their focus on impacting the public, which resulted in their great popularity. In this respect, a connection with the aesthetic experience of street musicians should be mentioned as the founding element in the aesthetics of Brecht's songs, with an accent on the link with jazz as a popular performative art; on the importance of the voice of performer, which was supposed to reflect interactions with the author, character, and composer; on the masterful music created by Kurt Weill for the songs. A new link between text and music, defined by Bertolt Brecht and Kurt Weill as "gestic music", has been characterized. A claim is made that songs like texts designed for singing, where the form and language are aimed at making an impact on the listener, which serve as an attraction in the general performance, work successfully due to relevance, ballad nature, cognizability, repetition, external simplicity and even banality, aphoristic nature, satiricalness, indexicality and performability of the ideas they contain. Analysis of the most popular songs ("Mack the Knife", "Pirate Jenny") involves ideas of the philosophers Theodor W. Adorno and Ernst Bloch.
DER VERWUDETЕ SOKRATES BY BERTOLT BRECHT: PECULIARITIES OF NARRATIVE SYSTEM
Authors: Oliander L.
Published: March 2023

Poetics is used to characterize the fictional and philosophical concept of B. Brecht’s short story, as well as the narrative means employed to create the image of protagonist – philosopher Socrates who finds himself in a crisis during the battle with Persians. The paper reveals the sense-creating role of the short story composition. It is demonstrated that in terms of narration type the story can be divided into two unequal parts: the first part is a (quasi) encyclopaedia article where Socrates is depicted as a philosopher and educator, a courageous person who met his end with dignity and a brave warrior. The second part consists of a number of visual images-stories that can be conditionally named as follows: “Socrates before the battle”, “Socrates and a small shield”, “Socrates criticizes suppliers”, “Soldiers and Socrates at halt”, “Commander’s shout”, “Battle landscape”, “Memories and reflections of irritated Socrates about his evening conversation with a young foolish aristocrat who commanded cavalry”; “The aristocrat details his battle plan”; “Socrates’ ironic attitude to this plan and his thinking about it”; “Escape”, “Imitation of the attack against Persians”, “Wounded Socrates is carried away”, “Socrates and his wife”, “Socrates glory”, “Philosophical musings of Socrates-pacifist about the causes of war”. The peculiarities of B. Brecht’s narrative system are studied.

One of them is that every paragraph centered around Socrates is an expressive image which can be realized on the canvas, on the stage and in the cinema. It was found that every scene, in its dynamics, reveals the protagonist’s character, his ways of thinking and krainia under different circumstances. It was established that the scenes of Socrates’ escape and the imitation of the army attack against the Persians are the most dynamic.
BERTOLT BRECHT AND HELMUT BAIERL: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL INTERPRETATION.
Authors: Ankhym O. , Ankhym M.
Published: March 2023

Helmut Baierl with his unique dramaturgy, special methods and ways of depicting reality was subjected to numerous criticisms and became one of the most controversial creative personalities in post-war Germany. His plays caused discussions not only in the GDR and FRG but also beyond their borders. There is still no unanimous opinion among literary critics about this playwright and his significance for drama. Some scholars call him an epigone of Bertolt Brecht, others call him a follower, then there are those who consider him an innovator, etc. Therefore, taking into account the unreflected artistic experience of this dramatist in modern literary studies, as well as his pronounced creative dialogue with B. Brecht, the article aims to give an objective assessment of H. Baierl's work and trace the playwright's implementation of the main principles of epic theatre. H. Baierl’s work with its inherent synthesis of theoretical and creative interpretations confirms the conclusion that creative writing is a dialogue of one artist with another one/ ones which results in a creative and / or theoretical interpretation of the works of the latter one / ones.

Considerable attention is paid to H. Baierl’s theoretical and practical (creative) interpretation of works by B. Brecht. It is stated that H. Baierl’s works, presented as a plurality of creative interpretation models of different levels with certain inherent elements of parody / stylization based on their pretexts, are a synthesis of a theoretical interpretation of B. Brecht’s ideas and a creative interpretation of his plays. H. Baierl not only continues the dramaturgical traditions of the master, but also adopts his characters in a certain way, tells their stories further, tracking them under other socio-historical circumstances. A comparison of the plays of both playwrights and their theoretical works shows a kinship in views on the purpose and aim of drama, as well as a community of ideological and aesthetic principles.
DESCENDANT: BETWEEN AND TO DESCENDANTS
Authors: Stöppler M.
Published: March 2023

The article presents an original interpretation of one of Bertolt Brecht's most famous poems "To Descendants". Through the prism of the philosophy of the 20th century, the multifacetedness of the concept of "individual" was analyzed and the characteristic features of the concept of "individualism" were considered. Turning to the works of Bertolt Brecht and the philosophical work of leading thinkers of the last century provides an opportunity for an unusual look at the classic work of the German poet.
VULNERABLE SPECIES OF BIVALVE MOLLUSCS PSEUDANODONTA COMPLANATA IN THE FAUNA OF UKRAINE: DISTRIBUTION, STATE OF SETTLEMENTS
Authors: Shevshuk L. , Vasilieva L. , Zając T.
Published: March 2023

Bivalve molluscs of the family Unionidae are important components of freshwater ecosystems, as they are active filterers and shape the quality of water in their habitats. Due to anthropogenic transformation of water bodies, this group of animals is recognized as one of the most vulnerable. The paper analyzes the dynamics of the frequency of occurrence and the state of Pseudanodonta complanata Rossmassler, 1835 populations over the last 100 years in Ukraine. This species of Unionidae is protected in many European countries, it was  included  in  the  Red  Data Book  of Ukraine in 2021 with the status "vulnerable". Three  different time periods  were chosen  to  analyze the distribution of P. complanata, the state of its populations in Ukraine and possible dynamics of changes. To establish the population characteristics of the species  in  water  bodies  about 100-50 years ago, an analysis was carried out based on the study  of  collections  of  shells  of  the  species stored in museums of the country and literature sources. To analyze the state of P. complanata populations in the second time interval, the results of our own collections carried out during 2007- 2012 within all river basins of Ukraine were chosen. In total, 300 sites were surveyed during this period. The third period of analysis covered the results of our own collections within the Central (Zhytomyr) Polissia in 2019-2022, 57 potential habitats of Unionidae were surveyed in the reservoirs and watercourses of the Teteriv, Sluch, Uzh and Ubort basins. In Ukraine, until the 70-80s of the twentieth century. P.complanata, despite its sporadic distribution, was quite widespread species. During the study period of 2007-2012, P. complanata was not recorded in the basin of the Western Bug, upper and lower Southern Bug, lower Dnipro, reservoirs of the Dnipro cascade, upper Siverskyi Donets and rivers of Azov and Crimea. In the collections of 2019-2022, the species was not found in any point. The results confirm the need to protect the vulnerable species and further develop conservation measures.
SPECIES DIVERSITY OF THE FLORA OF THE WESTERN HLYNIANSKA AREA OF THE DUBRIVSKE PRIMARY KAOLIN DEPOSIT
Authors: Khomiak I. , Kotsiuba I.
Published: March 2023

We describe the results of the study of the flora of regenerated and transformed vegetation on the territory of the Zahidno-Glynske section of the Dubrivske deposit of primary kaolin. The authors determined the species composition of higher vascular plants and mosses in the studied area. They made a brief analysis of the ecological features of the distribution of individual species or their systematic groups. They also made a short analysis of the ecological features of the distribution of individual species or their systematic groups. In particular, we established a connection between the features of the ecosystem structure and the ratios of representatives of different plant families, and also constructed a syntaxonomic scheme of plant groups based on the principles of the Brown- Blanke ecological and floristic school. During the research, we discovered 151 representatives of the flora. Among them are 143 species of higher vascular plants from 33 families and 9 species of mosses from 7 families. The most numerous are the families Poaceae (24 species), Asteraceae (21 species), Rosaceae (14 species), and Fabaceae (10 species). The vegetation of the studied area belongs to 13 classes, 19 orders, 35 unions, and 40 associations. There is an active restructuring of settlements with constant reformatting of the econiche packaging during the process of natural restoration of the vegetation cover with the help of primary autogenous successions. Empty econiches are formed here. They can potentially be inhabited, both by rare representatives of biota and habitats and by dangerous synanthropic species. For example, these habitats become vulnerable to the introduction of invasive species of transformers, which threaten rare biota components, ecosystem stability processes, agriculture, and human health. In this regard, territories, where active mineral extraction is carried out or restored after its termination, should be under constant monitoring regarding floristic and phytocenotic diversity. No species included in the IUCN Red List, the European Red List, annexes, and resolutions to the Berne Convention, Red Book of Ukraine, and to the list of regionally rare species were found on the territory. The invasive species-transformer Solidago canadensis was located on the territory. It is in the early stages of penetration and transformation of habitats of renewable natural vegetation.
THE STRUCTURE OF LANDSCAPE GARDENING LANDSCAPES IN CENTRAL EUROPE
Authors: Kravtsova I.
Published: March 2023

Structurality is one of the important peculiarities of landscapes of different genesis and levels of organization. The structure of the landscape determines its physiognomic organization, shape, spatial and structural features. Garden and park landscapes are examples of constructive territory planning, cultural or «soft» use of natural conditions and resources, organization of supplementary interaction between man and nature. Therefore, the study of the structure of garden and  park landscapes of Central Europe is an actual scientific problem. The aim of the article: to research the structure of garden and park landscapes of Central  Europe. Studies  of  the structure  of  garden  and park landscapes of Central Europe have been based on the principle of natural-anthropogenic coexistence. General scientific and  specific  scientific  research  methods  have  been  used,  namely:  on the basis of expeditionary methods maps of the landscape structure of garden and park landscapes of the study area have been constructed. Spatial structure models have been built in the Corel Draw program based on the digitized surface of the planet Earth in the Google  Earth program,  vertical profiles of the relief  of  garden  and park  landscapes  have been done  with  the  help  of  Google Earth Pro tools. Studies of the daily state of garden and park landscapes have been carried out according to the  generally  accepted  method of  performing microclimatic  observations. The  article  presents maps of the landscape structure and spatial  configurations of  the following garden  and park landscapes:  Pechersky  Park  (Pechera village,  Tulchynsky  District,  Vinnytsia Oblast,  Ukraine), Sokilets  Park  (Sokilets  Village,  Vinnytsia District,  Vinnytsia  Oblast,  Ukraine),  park  Arcadia (Nieborow, Lod Voivodeship, Poland). Vertical relief profiles have been constructed. The temporal structure of changes in the state of garden and park  landscapes  in  the  research  area  have  been studied using the example of the garden and park landscape of  the  Sofiivka National  Dendrological Park of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Uman, Cherkasy Oblast, Ukraine).
WIND FACTOR IN SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF WIND EROSION WITHIN VOLYN REGION
Authors: Matviychuk B. , Matviychuk N.
Published: March 2023

The analysis of the wind factor as a factor of wind erosion of Polissia soils is highlighted. The highest intensity of wind erosion in the Polissya zone is observed in the spring and autumn periods, when the density of vegetation cover is the lowest during the year and there is no snow cover. The temporal dynamics of the wind regime forms certain patterns, which determines the formation of the corresponding clusters of months of the year as indicators of the temporal regularity of the wind regime and clusters of administrative districts as indicators of the spatial regularity of the wind regime. The early spring period is the least long (two months), which allows it to be interpreted as transitional. This interpretation explains the inclusion in this cluster by the dynamic features of August as also the transition period from the summer wind regime to the autumn one. The winter period is characterized by an extremely strong wind regime, the lowest wind intensity is observed in the summer-autumn period. The transitional early spring period is characterized by an intermediate level of wind load, but the greatest variability of indicators, which also emphasizes the transitional nature of this time stage of the year. It was established that the maximum value of the wind factor for these areas is observed in winter and is  3,57  m3  s−3,  and  the minimum  is observed in  August and is 2,3 3,57 m3 s−3. The central and eastern regions (Manevytskyi, Kovelskyi and Rozhishchenskyi) also form a homogeneous subzone, the peculiarity of which is that the duration of strong winds in the winter period is somewhat shorter compared to the northwestern regions. The highest wind load is observed in the winter months, and the lowest at the end of summer. Geographically, the north-western and south-eastern regions of the region experience the greatest wind load. In terms of time, three consecutive periods can be distinguished: winter, early spring, and summer-autumn.
NEW FINDINGS OF THE NAKED FILOSE AMOEBAE IN NATURAL BIOTOPES OF UKRAINE
Authors: Patsyuk M.
Published: March 2023

We have identified 10 species of naked filose amoebae in different types of water bodies in Ukraine. Original morphological descriptions  have  been  compiled  for  all  species.  The  most common  species are  Arachnula  impatiens,  Penardia  mutabilis,  Nuclearia  delicatula,  Biomyxa  vagans, Vampyrellidium perforans, Nuclearia flavocapsulata, the least common are Vampyrella lateritia, Lateromyxa gallica, Leptophrys elegans, Leptophrys vorax. Established ecological groups  of  these protists in relation to the abiotic factors of the aquatic environment: euryoxidic (N. delicatula, N. flavocapsulata, A. impatiens, P. mutabilis, L. elegans, L. vorax, V. lateritia), stenooxidic (V. perforans, B. vagans, L. gallica), stenobionts (A. impatiens, V. perforans, B. vagans, L. gallica) and those that withstand a wide range of permanganate oxidation values (N. delicatula, N. flavocapsulata, P. mutabilis, L. elegans, L. vorax, V. lateritia). The largest number of species of these protists is observed in rivers (8 species) and floodplains (7 species), the smallest – in swamps (3 species); 5 species of filose amoeba were found in the lakes. We encountered P. mutabilis only in rivers, B. vagans in swamps, and V. perforans in floodplains. L. elegans, L. vorax species, which can be considered eurytopic, occurred in all types of reservoirs. The largest share of common species of naked amoebas is observed between rivers and floodplains (0.80), rivers and lakes (0.77), floodplains and lakes (0.67) and lakes and swamps (0.50), the smallest – between floodplains reservoirs and swamps (0.40) and rivers and swamps (0.36). According to the species composition of naked filose amoebae, two species complexes are distinguished: swamp and floodplain, which includes species that mainly occur in rivers and in reservoirs located in river valleys. The species complexes of rivers, floodplains and swamps are influenced to a greater extent by water temperature and the concentration of organic substances dissolved in water, and to a lesser extent by the concentration of oxygen dissolved in water. The species composition of naked filose amoebas of rivers and floodplains is associated with a higher temperature and a higher content of organic substances dissolved in water compared to the species composition of swamp amoebas.
PHYTOPLANKTON PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY
Authors: Shcherbak V. , Korniychuk N.
Published: March 2023

Primary productivity is an important integral parameter describing energy potential of aquatic organisms’ vital activity. Primary productivity determines the quality of water environment, its self- purifying capacity – from the Global Ocean to various continental ecosystems (Odum 1953, Williams et al. 2002, Bott et al. 2006, Kuehl and Troelstrup 2013).

Primary productivity is a bioenergy process transforming  the  solar  energy  into  the  energy  of chemical bonds in organic matter, newly synthesized by the autotrophic link. The autotrophic link is mainly formed by algae from different ecological groups (phytoplankton, phytobenthos, phytoperiphyton) and higher aquatic plants.

As any process of energy production and transition, primary production in aquatic ecosystems is regulated by the laws of  thermodynamics:  the  first law –  the  Lomonosov-Lavoisier  law,  the  second law –  the  entropy law (Odum 1953).  It is  necessary  to state  clearly,  that green plants do  not transform the total amount of the  Sun’s  radiant energy,  but only  a part of  it,  within  the  spectral range between 480 and 720 nm (within the wavelength band of photosynthetically active radiation).A simplified equation describing the primary production process can be represented as follows:Proceeding from the above equation, primary productivity may be considered equivalent to (analogous to) the photosynthesis intensity.

There is a range of various methods for estimating PP: according to algal cell number, according to nutrient dynamic in water, according to diurnal dynamics of dissolved oxygen, according  to chlorophyll a content, light-and-dark bottle method in oxygen or radiocarbon modification. With consideration taken of these methods’ advantages and disadvantages, researchers will be able  to obtain the most reliable and unbiased primary productivity data.
MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM OF SMALL RIVERS PROTECTION IN ZHYTOMYR POLISSYA
Authors: Semeniuk M. , Demchuk N. , Kozyn M.
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the complex problems of the preservation of small rivers. Three main  aspects of  the environmental  impact associated with  them are considered: disruption of the water balance, reduction of  water quality, and reduction of biotic and landscape diversity in the river valley. The study aims to characterize the main types of human impact on the small rivers of Zhytomyr Polissia. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were set: determine the main types of anthropogenic impact on small rivers of Zhytomyr Polissia; to determine the direct and indirect consequences of certain types of anthropogenic impact on small rivers of Zhytomyr Polissia; develop proposals for algorithms for solving the problems of small rivers of Zhytomyr Polissia.

The article is based on the materials of the survey of the ecosystem structure of small rivers of Zhytomyr Polissia and its southern  outskirts. Examples of  the  conservation  plan  for  the catchment area of the «Gudyucha krynytsia» natural spring and the section of the Uzh River in the city center of Korosten are given. According to the results of the survey of the state of small rivers, we will summarize their main problems into three groups: low and unstable water flow, eutrophication and siltation, and degradation of river valley landscapes. The low filling of rivers with water and its unstable level is caused by the specifics of climate changes, natural mechanisms of water accumulation, distribution, and flow, and the activity of natural sources. Natural safeguards could weaken the problems of small rivers: swamp-forest complexes and natural springs near the sources of rivers, a high share of forest ecosystems of the upper part of the river basin, preservation of floodplain forests of the first floodplain terrace of the upper reaches and natural riparian forests and floodplain meadows of the lower reaches, as well as the integrity of the natural vegetation cover of most of the river valley. In order to stabilize the supply of water from natural sources to the river, the territories of their catchment should be transformed into objects of the nature reserve fund. When the spring is located within the boundaries of the settlement, it is advisable to grant it the status of a natural monument of local importance. When it is outside its borders, it should be given the status of a hydrological reserve.