bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Karakterisasi dan Kinerja Membran Polyethersulfone Termodifikasi Aditif Anorganik secara Blending Polimer
Authors: Fathanah Umi , Meilina Hesti
Published: November 2021

Recently, membrane technology has developed rapidly as a process for water treatment. The membrane process is in demand due to several advantages including being able to work at low temperatures, easier to operate and easy to scale up. Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) is an inorganic compound that is inexpensive, non-toxic and hydrophilic, so it has the potential to be used as an additive in membrane fabrication. This study aims to determine the characteristics and performance (permeability and selectivity) of Polyethersulfone (PES) membrane modified with Mg(OH)2, using dimethyl Acetamide (DMAc) as solvent. The membrane was made by blending polymer with phase inversion technique and the characterization carried out included membrane morphological tests, functional group tests, water contact angle tests and evaluating membrane performance by measuring membrane selectivity and permeability. The results showed that the hydroxyl group contained in Mg(OH)2 was able to increase the hydrophilicity which was indicated by a decrease in the water contact angle on the modified membrane to 65o. The Mg(OH)2 additive acts as a pore-forming agent which can be seen in the changes in membrane morphology on the cross-section of the membrane surface. The performance of the membrane resulted in an increase in membrane permeability of 51 L/m2.hour.bar with humid acid rejection of 63%.
Sintesa dan Karakterisasi Biofuel dari Limbah Laboratorium Teaching Factory Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe dengan Proses Catalytic Cracking
Authors: Khadafi Muammar , Dewi Ratni , Adriana Adriana , Sari Ratna , Hakim Lukman
Published: November 2021

Spent earth is a waste resulting from the bleaching process which contains gums and a large amount of oil so that it still has the potential to be reprocessed into biofuel. This study aims to utilize the oil from spent earth as a raw material in the synthesis of biofuels through the catalytic cracking process. In the catalytic cracking process, zeolite and kaolin catalysts are used in the ratio (0:100); (30:70); (50:50); (70:30) and (100:0) and temperature variations of 150oC, 175oC and 200oC for 3 hours. Based on the research results, the best biofuel was obtained at a catalyst ratio of zeolite: kaolin (70:30) and a temperature of 200oC with a yield of 76.13%. The results of the biofuel characterization obtained a water content of 0.0301%, octane number 90.5 RON and a density 751 kg/m3. Analysis of biofuel composition was measured using GC-MS and it was found that the biofuel contained 4.60% C11H24, 8.99% C12H26, 22.49% C16H34, 9.54% C18H34O2 and 54.38% C19H36O3. Based on the physical and chemical properties of the biofuel as a result of cracking with zeolite and kaolin catalysts, it is in accordance with SNI for gasoline qualification.
Kajian Pengelolaan Biokonversi Sampah Organik melalui Budidaya Maggot Black Soldier Fly (Studi Kasus: PKPS Medan)
Authors: Auliani Restu , Elsaday Bella , Apsari Desy Ari , Nolia Helfi
Published: November 2021

The cultivation of maggot Black Soldier Fly (BSF) is a bioconversion technology of organic matter that can be one solution to the problem of organic waste. This study aims to examine aspects of organic waste management through BSF Medan maggot cultivation, including operational technical, financing, institutional, regulatory and community and government participation aspects. This research is a descriptive observational study with an exploratory study approach using the interview method. Descriptive and quantitative data processing and analysis. Based on operational technical aspects, maggot cultivation has succeeded in converting organic waste into a source of animal feed protein and reducing the amount of organic waste. The amount of organic waste that is managed is 90kg/day with an effectiveness of 0.013% the total domestic waste in Medan. The financing and institutional aspects of waste management are managed in an organized manner through a cooperative body, namely the Primary Waste Management Cooperative (PKPS) Medan. The regulatory aspect that is used as reference is Medan Mayor Regulation No. 26 of 2019. Aspects of community participation directly from members of the cooperative and the Laucih wholesale market trader in Medan City. This bioconversion technology is able to overcome the problem of waste in an effort to reduce organic waste.
Penerapan Line Balancing untuk Meningkatkan Proses Perakitan Control Panel di Line Service Part pada PT. Kawai Indonesia Plant 3
Authors: Styawan Diki Aris , Wahyudin Wahyudin , Hamdani Hamdani
Published: November 2021

The development of the industrial world is getting tighter, making each company must be able to overcome productivity to meet consumer demand. In increasing productivity, of course, you must make the production process efficient. One thing that can be done is to make line balancing. The purpose of this study is to identify and propose a track balance to make the production process more efficient. The data used in this research is in the form of the initial conditions of the work station and the type of work. The method used to identify the optimal trajectory balance is the Ranked Position Weight (RPW). From the results of data processing, it is known that the initial conditions of work stations on the control panel assembly are 5 stations and 16 types of work. From the results of the calculation of cycle time and the number of stations, the optimal number of stations is reduced to 3 work stations. After calculating using the Ranked Position Weight method, it is known that the 16 types of work can be grouped into 3 work stations. Then the balance delay is obtained after reducing the work station, which is 5.48% from the initial condition of 43.29%. Then the line efficiency after station reduction is 94.52% from the initial condition of 56.71%. Then the smoothing index after improvement was 0.983 from the initial condition of 6.128. From the results of the three indicators, it can be seen that the reduction of the station gives better results.
Perancangan dan Implementasi Tracking Solar Cell System dengan Menggunakan Overload Protection
Authors: Wijaya Agung , Alfaresi Bengawan , Ardianto Feby
Published: November 2021

Solar cell tracking system is a system that uses the latest technology with combining solar tracking, the intensity of sunlight absorbed by solar cells can be optimized automatically. The purpose of this study is to make the Arduino-based solar monitoring system and load protection tool. The device is also equipped with an LDR sensor that detects the presence of sunlight, sends data from the LDR to Arduino and delivers signals to linear actuators. When the charge supplied by the battery exceeds the capacity of the battery, the INA219 sensor detects overload and a signal sent to Arduino asking for a relay to release the load. The results showed that tracking solar cell systems were successful in improving the efficiency of solar cells with an average power yield of 0.87 ampere of 12.62 watts from before without tracking the average obtained 0.62 ampere 8.83 atts. The performance of the protection system indicates that the load is cut off when the charging current exceeds the specified limit of 2.6 ampere.
Evaluasi Postur Kerja Operator Pemasangan Fire Brick Berbasis Metode Rapid Upper Limb Assessment dan Work Ergonomic Risk Assessment Di PT ABA
Authors: Shofiyyullah Muhammad , Mahbubah Nina Aini
Published: November 2021

A service provider is known as a job that profoundly depends on human work. Musculoskeletal disorder is considered a risk in such work. PT. ABA is a contractor service company that provide some services. The fire brick installation is a part of the refractory project, which is carried out continuously at the customer's request. Early results using the Nordic Body Map questionnaire found severe risk, which may lead to wellbeing difficulty.  This study aims to evaluate musculoskeletal disorder risk due to inappropriate posture in fire brick installation activities. Rapid Upper Limb Assessment and Work Ergonomic Risk Assessment are ergonomic risk approaches used in this study. This research found two final scores using RULA and WERA calculation. RULA final score is 44, classified as a medium score. The evaluation results of the RULA method obtained a final score of 7 with an extreme condition. An urgent improvement is a necessity in order to improve posture and work positioning of fire brick installation.
Karakterisasi dan Efektifitas Cangkang Bekicot (Achatina fulica) Sebagai Biosorben dalam Menyerap Logam Berat Fe pada Air Limbah Sintetik
Authors: Valentine Deasy Amanda , Azhar Azhar , Paradila Mitha Putri
Published: November 2021

The metal remittance in this review is Fe metal, since Fe is one of the metals that is generally contained in water. Whenever devoured water containing Fe that surpasses the limit, it will be awful for wellbeing. The purpose for this research was to portray the biosorbent of snail shell powder and to test the presentation of the biosorbent in the retention of substantial metal iron (Fe). From the aftereffects of the FTIR test, it is assessed that there has been an adjustment of chitin to chitosan. The chitosan spectra acquired showed the presence of a retention band at a wave number of 3066 cm-1 because of the extending vibration of the - Goodness bunch. while for the portrayal utilizing SEM, the molecule size of the biosorbent has different sizes, to be specific with a size scope of 2.16 - 3.44 m to 2.54 - 12.12µm. The development of a coral-like surface is the most definitive factor in the partition of the weighty metal retention interaction of Fe. The computation of the viability esteem showed that the adequacy of snail shell powder in engrossing 10 ppm Fe metal was at a mass of 20 g with a mixing season of 30 minutes, which was 99.2%.
Perencanaan Sistem Penerangan Jalan Umum di Kampus UNIDA
Authors: Syukri Mahdi , Multazam Teuku , Malek Abdul
Published: November 2021

Public street lighting must comply with the Indonesian national standard (SNI) regarding specifications for street lighting in urban areas, and general requirements for electrical installations (PUIL) 2011. This aims to provide security, smoothness, and comfort for road users. The main requirement is to meet the lighting standards of this type of lamp. Planning electrical installations for street lamp lighting must have five criteria in order to produce quality and comfort in street lamp lighting, one aspect that is seen is based on lighting. Iskandar Muda University has four main roads that do not yet have street lights. The condition will certainly have a negative impact on universities, students and the surrounding community when carrying out activities. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the planning of street lighting in the campus environment so as to produce optimal lighting quality. The optimal value is seen based on the suitability of lighting, pole height and the type of lamp to be used against applicable standards. The calculation results show that the use of the optimal number of lamps on roads in the area is 21 units with the type of lamp used is SOX 135 watts. The intensity obtained at that location is 11.5 lux to 14.4 lux.
Estimation of Information Measures for Power-Function Distribution in Presence of Outliers and Their Applications
Authors: Hassan Amal Soliman , Elsherpieny Elsayed Ahmed , Mohamed Rokaya Elmorsy
Published: November 2021

Entropy measurement plays an important role in the field of information theory. Furthermore, the estimation of entropy is an important issue in statistics and machine learning. This study estimated the Rényi and q-entropies of a power-function distribution in the presence of s outliers using classical and Bayesian procedures. In the classical method, the maximum likelihood estimators of the entropies were obtained and their performance was assessed through a numerical study. In the Bayesian method, the Bayesian estimators of the entropies under uniform and gamma priors were acquired based on different loss functions. The Bayesian estimators were computed empirically using a Monte Carlo simulation based on the Gibbs sampling algorithm. The simulated datasets were analyzed to investigate the accuracy of the estimates. The study results showed that the precision of the maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimates of both entropies improved with increasing the sample size and the number of outliers. The absolute biases and the mean squared errors of the estimates in the presence of outliers exceeded those of the corresponding estimates in the homogenous case (no-outliers). Furthermore, the Bayesian estimates of the Rényi and q-entropies under the squared error loss function were preferable to the other Bayesian estimates in a majority of the cases. Finally, analysis results of real data examples were consistent with those of the simulated data.
Butterfly Triple System Algorithm Based on Graph Theory
Authors: Ibrahim Haslinda , Aldiabat Raja'i Mohammad , Karim Sharmila
Published: November 2021

In combinatorial design theory, clustering elements into a set of three elements is the heart of classifying data, which has recently received considerable attention in the fields of network algorithms, cryptography, design and analysis of algorithms, statistics, and Information theory. This article provides insight into formulating algorithm for a new type of triple system, called a Butterfly triple system. Basically, in this algorithm development, a starter of cyclic near-resolvable ((v-1)/2)-cycle system of the 2-fold complete graph 2Kvis employed to construct the starter of cyclic ((v-1)/2)-star decomposition of 2Kv. These starters are then decomposed into triples and classified as a starter of cyclic Butterfly triple. The obtained starter set generates a triple system of order v. A special reference for case ν ≡ 9 (mod 12) is presented to demonstrate the development of the Butterfly triple system.
Bayesian Two-Sided Complete Group Chain Sampling Plan (BT-SCGChSP) for Binomial Distribution Using Beta Prior Through Quality Regions
Authors: Hafeez Waqar , Aziz Nazrina
Published: November 2021

Acceptance sampling is a technique of statistical quality assurance based on inspection of a random sample items and making a decision about the lot in which it is either accepted or rejected. In the case of available historical knowledge, experts say that the Bayesian approach is the best approach to making a correct decision. In this study, for the average probability of acceptance, a Bayesian two-sided complete group chain sampling plan (BT-SCGChSP) is proposed. The binomial distribution is used to derive the probability of lot acceptance and beta distribution is used as a prior distribution. Four quality regions, namely (i) quality decision region (QDR), (ii) probabilistic quality region (PQR), (iii) limiting quality region (LQR) and (iv) indifference quality region (IQR) are considered for consumer and producer risks. For selecting parameters in BT-SCGChSP, acceptable quality level (AQL) and limiting quality level (LQL) are also considered. The values are extracted for BT-SCGChSP based on different combinations of design parameters are tabulated and inflection point values are derived. Operating characteristic curves are used to make compression with the existing plan and the finding exposes that BT-SCGChSP is a better substitute in industrial practitioners in certain product life research sectors.
Investigation of Pre-Trained Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers Checkpoints for Indonesian Abstractive Text Summarization
Authors: Lucky Henry , Suhartono Derwin
Published: November 2021

Text summarization aims to reduce text by removing less useful information to obtain information quickly and precisely. In Indonesian abstractive text summarization, the research mostly focuses on multi-document summarization which methods will not work optimally in single-document summarization. As the public summarization datasets and works in English are focusing on single-document summarization, this study emphasized on Indonesian single-document summarization. Abstractive text summarization studies in English frequently use Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), and since Indonesian BERT checkpoint is available, it was employed in this study. This study investigated the use of Indonesian BERT in abstractive text summarization on the IndoSum dataset using the BERTSum model. The investigation proceeded by using various combinations of model encoders, model embedding sizes, and model decoders. Evaluation results showed that models with more embedding size and used Generative Pre-Training (GPT)-like decoder could improve the Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation (ROUGE) score and BERTScore of the model results.
Selective Image Segmentation Models Using Three Distance Functions
Authors: Abdullah Siti Aminah , Jumaat Abdul Kadir
Published: November 2021

Image segmentation can be defined as partitioning an image that contains multiple segments of meaningful parts for further processing. Global segmentation is concerned with segmenting the whole object of an observed image. Meanwhile, the selective segmentation model is concerned with segmenting a specific object required to be extracted. The Convex Distance Selective Segmentation (CDSS) model, which uses the Euclidean distance function as the fitting term, was proposed in 2015. However, the Euclidean distance function takes time to compute. This paper proposes the reformulation of the CDSS minimization problem by changing the fitting term with three popular distance functions, namely Chessboard, City Block, and Quasi-Euclidean. The proposed models are CDSSNEW1, CDSSNEW2, and CDSSNEW3, which apply the Chessboard, City Block, and Quasi-Euclidean distance functions respectively. In this study, the Euler-Lagrange (EL) equations of the proposed models were derived and solved using the Additive Operator Splitting method. Then, MATLAB coding was developed to implement the proposed models. The accuracy of the segmented image was evaluated using the Jaccard (JSC) and Dice Similarity Coefficients (DSC). The execution time was recorded to measure the efficiency of the models. Numerical results showed that the proposed CDSSNEW1 model based on the Chessboard distance function could segment the specific object successfully for all grayscale images with the fastest execution time compared to other models.
Ensemble Feed-Forward Neural Network and Support Vector Machine for Prediction of Multiclass Malaria Infection
Authors: Jimoh Rasheed Gbenga , Abisoye Opeyemi Aderiike , Uthman Muhammed Mubashir Babatunde
Published: November 2021

Globally, recent research are focused on developing appropriate and robust algorithms to provide a robust healthcare system that is versatile and accurate. Existing malaria models are plagued with low rate of convergence, overfitting, limited generalization due to restriction to binary cases prediction, and proneness to local minimum errors in finding reliable testing output due to complexity of features in the feature space, which is a black box in nature. This study adopted a stacking method of heterogeneous ensemble learning of ArtificialNeural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms to predict multiclass, symptomatic, and climatic malaria infection. ANN produced 48.33 percent accuracy, 60.61 percent sensitivity, and 45.58 percent specificity. SVM with Gaussian kernel function gave better performance results of 85.60 percent accuracy, 84.06 percent sensitivity, and 86.09 percent specificity. Consequently, to improve prediction performance, a stacking method was introduced to ensemble SVM with ANN. The proposed ensemble malaria model was tuned on different thresholds at a threshold value of 0.60, the ensemble model gave an optimum accuracy of 99.86 percent, sensitivity 100 percent, specificity 98.68 percent, and mean square error 0.14. The ensemble model experimental results indicated that stacked multiple classifiers produced better results than a single model. This research demonstrated the efficiency of heterogeneous stacking ensemble model on effects of climatic variations on multiclass malaria infection classification. Furthermore, the model reduced complexity, overfitting, low rate of convergence, and proneness to local minimum error problems of multiclass malaria infection in comparison to previous related models.
THE ARCHITECTURE OF A SCHOOL SYSTEM ACCORDING TO THE THEORY OF DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS
Authors: Aberšek Boris , Bregant Janez
Published: November 2021

From the experience of recent years it seems clear that the existing educational system, as a whole, is perceived as an ailing system that fails to meet the needs of a major portion of the society it serves. Every aspect of the educational process must be studied and reconsidered in the light of new and different societal expectations. In the last decades we started with one school reform after the other, but it looks now that these changes had no positive impact whatsoever. Even worse, the school system was damaged afterwards.
In this paper we will explore some possibilities how to improve it without facing these consequences. The main idea is, as a result of our latest research, that mathematical methods for describing and simulating could be very useful for predicting and simulating school systems without using a long term and complex empirical experimentation. The paper introduces the correlation between the dynamical mathematical calculus and the educational school system and elaborates to some extent the basic idea of using the former to predict the latter.
Key words: architecture, mathematical modelling, school system, theory of dynamical system.
EDUCATION OF PROPER WASTE MANAGEMENT BASED ON NON-FORMAL AND INFORMAL EDUCATION
Authors: Polanec Brigita , Glodež Srečko , Aberšek Boris
Published: November 2021

The present work gives methods on how available information can be presented to as many people as possible in a way that will allow them to assimilate that knowledge. The most appropriate forms of education for the concrete target group are included in informal education. Informal education is divided into informal general education and informal education for the profession or for the professional work. The fact, regarding the method of giving information, has to be considered that people differ from each other, and in accordance with this, it makes a difference as to how they perceive certain information. Regarding this, the forms and methods of education have to be adapted to different types of people. Elements such as people's levels of concentration, motivation, non-linear receipt of information, stability of information and obtaining of knowledge are looked at more closely. The rapid development of science and new technology brings with it many opportunities for those who are learning on the one hand, and for those who are working on programs for education on the other hand. Information technology has also led to the development of various educational methods; one of them is the method of e-learning. This paper will discuss the mechanism of informal education called microtraining. The concept of micro training provides information in short bursts (about 15 to 20 minutes long), concisely and in an interesting way. Knowledge has become the main product of micro training in specific fields.
Key words: informal education, e-learning, e-learning materials, microtraining.
MIND THE GAP – THE IMPORTANCE OF REFLECTING ON DIFFERENT NOTIONS OF LEARNING AND KNOWLEDGE WITHIN AND BETWEEN COGNITIVE AND EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES
Authors: Römmer-Nossek Brigitte
Published: November 2021

Cognitive and educational sciences share a fundamental interest in learning. While theoretical bases and practical interests seem to match well at first sight, it is well worth to take a closer look. In the different disciplines involved in the Cognitive Sciences there is a large number of approaches to study learning, but closer glance reveals a limited number of ways to conceptualize learning. In its short history, the field has seen some paradigm shifts, which changed the way we look at human cognition and thus at learning. It is worth noting that each paradigm also transports an implicit notion of knowledge.
In the field of education we find these paradigms as different learning theories, which in turn determine approaches to teaching and learning. Dealing with knowledge is central to educational practice. Furthermore, educational research indicates that our personal concept of knowledge qualitatively influences the way students learn. Thus there is a deep, but the intricate relationship between our concepts learning and knowledge.
If the interaction between the two fields is to go beyond the (often unsatisfying) attempt to find direct-to-classroom recipes, explicit concepts of learning and knowledge must be the starting point for any successful interdisciplinary collaboration.
Key words: cognitive sciences, education, knowledge, learning.
DEVELOPING SPATIAL VISUALIZATION WITH 3D MODELING
Authors: Šafhalter Andrej , Glodež Srečko , Bakračevič Vukman Karin
Published: November 2021

The research was carried out in 2011 among 22 pupils from 14 – 15years old. The purpose of the pilot study was to determine the influence of 3D modeling on the spatial visualization of pupils, as well as the gender difference in the spatial visualization of the tested pupils and the progress of this visualization in individual genders. In addition, it tried to determine whether the sensory style of the pupils, visual, auditory or kinesthetic, influences spatial perception and the development of spatial visualization.
Pupils were divided into two groups, the test group and the control group. Pupils in the test group attended a 3D modeling extra-curricular activity for twelve teaching hours in the second evaluation period of the 2010/2011 school year. Spatial visualization was determined with a modified spatial visualization test, namely before the extra-curricular activity and afterwards. The modified test consisted of different spatial visualization tests: PSVT: R, MCT, MRT, DAT: SR, and tests of rotation within a plane. For 3D modeling exercises pupils used the open-source software Google SketchUp. None of the tested pupils have encountered the mentioned software before.
After a second testing, the test group showed greater progress in solving spatial visualization tasks in comparison with the control group, while gender differences were minimal. The results of the spatial visualization test were also compared with the sensory style of pupils, which was filled out by all the pupils included in the study.
In the 2011/2012 school year a broader study is underway, involving almost two hundred pupils of various elementary schools in Slovenia.
Key words: spatial visualization, 3D modeling, perception styles.
EDUCATIONAL CYBERNETICS OR DIDACTICS APPROACH TO "ECONOMY" OF HUMAN THINKING
Authors: Bílek Martin , Cyrus Pavel , Šimonová Ivana
Published: November 2021

The paper describes starting point of so called ”Educational Informatics“ as one of the Educational Cybernetics approaches, and example of research results of theory called as „human thinking economy“ application in the field of science and technical education is provided.
Educational informatics is based on so-called educational theory of signs (educational semiotics) developed by M. Lansky which provides great support to the process setting the basis of branch didactics in learner’s cognitive capacity. This approach contents the psycho-structural model of processing information explaining the route of information which is to be processed. It starts with registering it by sense organs (sensory perception), followed by aware perception (apperception) and operating it, i.e. the entire processing the information including storing it in the memory. Within this process various functions are activated, both when the memory stores (associates) the information and effectors (performing organs) are activated. This psycho-structural model synthesizes both behavioural approach (stimulus - "black box" - reaction) and the humanistic psychology approach based on the introspective analysis. A similar model was provided for the chemistry didactics by Johnstone, too. This psycho-structural model also distinguishes certain cornerstones (i.e. model of operations) of human perception and learning, i.e. stimuli – perception filter – working space within the memory (operational memory) – long-term memory which influences the accommodator (adaptor, i.e. the apparatus for directing attention or reduction the apperception). It differs from cybernetic pedagogy as it does not apply the “hard“ quantitative approach to expressing the content of single parts of the psycho-structural model (in bits) but divides the learning content into several mastered parts (operations) called “pieces“ which the learner must run in the operational memory. This method is called “chunking“, i.e. composing, stratifying, layering information in the memory) and was applying in our research their selected results are presented in the second part of the paper.
The research project results were based on analyse of teacher’s predictive evaluation of items in didactic test. Results of a comparative study of reception of pictures in the test items by so called experts (having a certain level of knowledge of the presented subject matter, i.e. teachers) and so called non-specialists (who have minimum knowledge in the area learned, i.e. learners) are added. In concerned research were analyzed the prognosis of chemistry teaching students (experts) in learners succeeding in the didactic test items with or without picture parts. Results show that future teachers overestimate the role of picture materials on positive responses of learners in didactics test.
Key words: educational informatics, cybernetic approach in branch didactics, science and technical education, teacher’s predictive task evaluation.
INTEGRATION OF DESIGN, MODELING AND VISUALIZATION IN SLOVENIAN PRIMARY EDUCATION
Authors: Dolenc Kosta , Aberšek Boris
Published: November 2021

A human being perceives the world spatially, he detects and properly processes distances, size of objects, their shapes and all that is linked to our perceptions of the world. Humans' sensors provide the information about the world around and brain translates this information into thoughts, into ideas. The whole process is completely natural. In the past, due to technological limitations, the human attempted to generalize these ideas and convert them into a form so that he could "record" it on a flat medium, like on paper for example, and because of that he consequently had to develop the ability to "read” these records. The term spatial perception was introduced and after that it was established that not everyone has it. To possess spatial perception an abstract way of thinking and higher cognitive abilities are needed. This paper presents an integration of design, three dimensional (3D) modeling and visualization program SketchUp in Design and technology curriculum into Slovenian primary schools. Emphasis is given to the analysis of the past and current condition and situation and on the incorporation of the program into the primary school curriculum. With the strategy assigned in such a way, the abilities that are connected with technological activities are strengthened, spatial intelligence is developed and assimilated. With such an approach two of the key European competences: 1. Mathematical competence and 2. Basic competences in science and technology and digital literacy, are acquired and reinforced.
Key words: ability, competence, design and technology, SketchUp, spatial intelligence.
THE DEVELOPMENT AND MEASUREMENT OF THE EFFICIENCY OF MODERN DIDACTICAL MODELS IN THE TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Authors: Fiksl Majda
Published: November 2021

Presented research shown a sensible inclusion of intelligent didactical environments in the practical work in the education of the technical field in Primary School. The teacher with his modest repertoire of hours dedicated to technical education confronts great challenges, like how to inspire the students for the subject with the introduction of many different interesting themes. Firm example of study lesson is based on theoretical foundations of Didactical learning theory, advanced version also named The Berlin model. During the process of teaching we transform knowledge into practical work and through a concrete example, designed a new modern didactical model. In this model the competences of a lifelong learning are included: methods for encouraging the motivation, use of ICT and developing informational literacy, encouragement of flexibility and persistence at confrontation with new challenges and exercises, ability to self evaluation, developing of communication and social skills. The results of experimental group, which execute activities in form of new didactical model in comparison with control group shown, that students of experimental group had less faults at making the model and they also spend less time to finish it. Consequential students of experimental group were much more satisfied with their product, they gained knowledge and they were also motivated for further work.
Key words: Berlin model, educational model, lesson factors, lifetime learning, skills.
PATTERNS IN SYMMETRY BREAKING TRANSITIONS
Authors: Kralj Samo , Repnik Robert
Published: November 2021

It is now well accepted that we all have amazing capabilities in recognizing faces in a fraction of a second. This specific pattern recognition ability could be by appropriate training transferred to some other field of expertise. At the same time pattern recognition skills are becoming increasingly important “survival” strategy in the modern competitive world which faces information overload. In the paper we demonstrate an example of pattern-recognition type of lecturing modern physics. By using already absorbed knowledge and analogies we exploit our innate pattern recognition brain capabilities for more effective learning of new concepts in physics. Key words: pattern recognition, universalities, liquid crystals, cosmology.
REFLECTIONS ON LEARNING MATHEMATICS IN PHYSICS PHENOMENOLOGY AND HISTORICAL CONCEPTUAL STREAMS
Authors: Mellone Maria , Pisano Raffaele
Published: November 2021

Although several efforts produced by new mathematical education approaches for improving education systems and teaching, yet the results are not sufficient to adsorb the totality of innovations proposed, both in the contents and management. In this sense constructive debates and new ideas were welcomed and appreciated upon new aspects of science education, side new learning and Cognitive Modelling, for our interests. A parallel effort was produced by scientist-epistemologist-historians concerning the history of science and its foundations in science education. Historical foundations represent the most important intellectual part of the science, even if sometimes they were avoided or limited to specialist disciplines such as history of mathematics, history of physics, only. Nevertheless some results, such as the operative concept of mass by Mach, rather the coherence and validity of an algebraic–geometric group in a Euclidean geometry and in non-Euclidean geometry was firstly appointed by epistemological point of view by (e.g.,) Poincaré, etc... Thus, what kind of concrete relationship between science education (mathematics and physics) and history of science (idem) one can discuss correlated with foundations of science? and above all, how this relationship can be appointed? The history and epistemology of science help to understand evolution/involution of mathematical and physical sciences in the interpretation-modelling of a phenomenon and its interpretation-didactic-modelling, and how the interpretation can change for a different use of mathematical: e.g., mathematics à la Cauchy, non-standard analysis, constructive mathematics in physics. Based on previous studies, a discussion concerning mathematics education and history of science is presented. In our paper we will focus on learning modelling to discuss its efficacy and power both from educational point of view and the need of mathematics and physics teachers education. Some case–studies on the relationship between physics and mathematics in the history are presented, as well. Particularly we focus on a possible learning modelling activity within physics phenomenology to create a resonance among the above poles and mathematical modelling cycle to argue its efficacy, power and related with historical foundations of physical, mathematical sciences. Key words: modelling, mathematics, physics, history of foundations, epistemology of science.
Are we teaching health science students in the United States what they need to know about death and dying coping strategies?
Authors: Case Randy D. , Judie Erica , Kurszewski Tammy , Brodie Wenica , Bethel Pollyann
Published: November 2021

Purpose: This investigation aimed to answer the following questions: are health science students provided with death and dying education before attending clinical rotations, and if so, do the students receiving this type of education perceive it as effective?Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional survey, 96 Midwestern State University health science students were surveyed to determine the percentage of students who had received death and dying education before clinical rotations, as well as the students’ perception of educational effectiveness for those who had received end-of-life training. A self-report questionnaire presented nursing, radiologic sciences, and respiratory care students with a series of questions pertaining to the education they had received concerning the death and dying process of patients.Results: Of the 93 students who had already started their clinical rotations, 55 stated they had not received death and dying education before starting clinical courses. Of the 38 who had received death and dying education, only 17 students believed the training was effective.Conclusion: It is imperative that health science educational programs implement death and dying education and training into the curriculum, and that criteria for evaluating effectiveness be an essential part of death and dying education and training in order to ensure effectiveness.
Gel Formation in Low Concentrated Solutions of Glycyram and Amino Acids in the Presence of Silver Nitrate
Authors: Mataipova A. , Dzhumanazarova A. , Abdullaeva Zh.
Published: November 2021

Research relevance: low molecular weight supramolecular hydrogels are unique objects that can solve many pressing problems in medicine, food industry and other sectors of the national economy. Research objectives: in recent past, it was discovered that low-concentration solutions of L-cysteine and silver nitrate (CSN) can form, when electrolyte solutions are added to hydrogels. We were faced with the task of obtaining hydrogels from dilute solutions of glycyram (GC) by adding CSN, since GC, due to its poor solubility, has low bioavailability. Materials and research methods: using the method of isomolar series, a comparative study of the formation of hydrogels by dilute GC solutions with the addition of CSN and GCP was carried out. It has been found that most durable hydrogels were obtained using CSN. Thus, GC hydrogels were obtained at a concentration of 10−3 M after adding CSN and GCP, which have a supramolecular character and combine the properties of GC, amino acids, and silver ions. Research results: glycyram hydrogels were obtained at its concentration equal to 10−3 M by mixing it with silver amino acids L-cysteine (CSN) and L-glutamic acid (GCP) solutions in same low concentrations. Conclusions: hydrogels with glycyram form silver solutions of those amino acids that are capable of giving frame structures at a ratio of amino acid: silver nitrate of 1.25.
Molecular-Phylogenetic Research of the Genus Hypericum L. in Flora of Azerbaijan
Authors: Fatdayeva A.
Published: November 2021

Hypericum is one of the 100 largest flowering plant genera forming the family Hypericaceae Juss., which belongs to the clusioid clade of the Malpighiales. Hypericum is represented in Azerbaijan flora by 19 native species and 1 subspecies belonging to 7 taxonomic sections. The chloroplast DNA of 8 species from the genus was studied by PCR-RFLP analysis. Total genomic DNA was extracted from leaf tissue using the DNeasyPlantMini kit. (Qiagen Inc.; Valencia, CA, USA) following the supplied protocol and quanti field using a Nanodrop (Nanodrop Technologies; Wilmington, DE, USA) spectrophotometer. The article is part of an experimental study that comprises molecular-phylogenetic research of this genus in the flora of Azerbaijan.
Abiotic Factors Effect on the Distribution and Density of Species of the Families Unionidae, Pisididae, Euglesidae and Corbiculidae in High Mountains of the Kashkadarya Riverside Zone
Authors: Khоdjaeva N. , Boimurodov Kh. , Abdinazarov Kh. , Aliyev B.
Published: November 2021

As a result of the study, it has been identified that the water temperature in the Kashkadarya River is 18–24 °C, the water clarity is 0.51–0.62 m and the water flow rate is 0.72–0.84 m/sec. The species of bivalve mollusks Sinanodonta gibba, S. orbicularis, S. puerorum, Colletopterum cyreum sogdianum, Corbicula cor, C. fluminalis, C. purpurea, Corbiculina tibetensis, C. ferghanensis are widespread in the region. The abiotic factors discussed in the paper play an important role in the distribution of mollusks. There are 13 species of bivalve mollusks in the mountainous region, which is the head part of the river, 9 species in the middle part of the hill region of the river and 6 species in the lower desert region.
Results of Introduction of Jasminum sambac in Absheron
Authors: Mehraliyev A. , Safarova E. , Gafarova O. , Iskender E.
Published: November 2021

Bioecologıcal features, propagation methods root system and agrotechnics of Arabian jasmine (Jasminum sambac) which belonging to Lian group plants have been presented in the paper. The light-loving Arabian jasmine plant is grown in shaded conditions, yellowness is observed on the shoots, which leads to growth retardation have shown in results of studies. The studies were carried out in various conditions — in the shadow, on light, under the sun. In plants grown in the shade in the summer (July-August), the growth of the main shoot was not observed, compared with plants grown in direct rays in January-February, which, had growth in contrast to them, Highest results were obtained in August using green cuttings under studying of the reproduction of Jasminum sambac. No diseases have been observed in these plants, but they were susceptible to pests such as Aphidoidea, Diaspididae and Aleyrodidae during the research. Bioecological features of species, easily propagation by vegetative way, decorative appearance throughout the year allow us to use them design of interiors with plants has revealed.
Application of the Isolation Forest Algorithm to Substantiate the Uniqueness of Water Bodies in the Group of Karst Lakes
Authors: Rasulova A. , Izmailova A.
Published: November 2021

Improving the scientific foundations for the development and expansion of the network of specially protected natural areas requires the search for algorithms that could be used to identify unique ecosystems. Algorithmization of the anomaly identification process provides an opportunity not only to process large amounts of data but also leads to obtaining objective and comparable estimates. The purpose of this research is to identify the most optimal mechanisms for identifying anomalous values for the morphometric characteristics of karst lakes, which may indicate the uniqueness of the entire lake ecosystem. Within the framework of this article, the study was carried out based on a mathematical analysis of samples built for various characteristics based on the WORLDLAKE database. Statistical methods and the Isolation Forest (iForest) machine learning algorithm were used as methods of analysis. As a result of applying the iForest algorithm to a sample of morphometric parameters of karst lakes, consisting of 738 objects, 43 anomalous water bodies were identified. An expert assessment of the final set of lakes for the uniqueness of their ecosystems showed that the chosen method for identifying anomalous values is well suited for the task at hand. Many lakes with an anomaly index above 60% can be recognized as unique due to the unusualness of their abiotic characteristics; a number of them also have a peculiar biota. The anomalous objects included such well-known lakes as Tserik-Kol’, Crveno, Salda Lake, Trihonida, Vegoritida, Petron, etc. Moreover, for most of them, anomalies were detected for several parameters at once. Thus, the applied algorithm for identifying anomalous morphometric characteristics of lakes made it possible to obtain interesting samples for further expert analysis of the entire lake ecosystem for its uniqueness.
Value of Basic Soil Criteria in Formation of Soil Fertility
Authors: Ahadov D.
Published: November 2021

The article clarifies the significance of many soil criteria in the formation of fertility. Through field and office research, it has been proven that soil fertility and productivity mainly depend on the supply of humus, nitrogen, phosphorus, the amount of absorbed bases and the reaction of the soil. Close connections of yield of cereals, cotton, grapes, tea, natural herbs were revealed. The yield of some crops, for example, tea and citrus fruits, depends on metabolic and hydrolytic acidities. Indicators of properties of productivity, correlation coefficients vary within 58-99. In addition to the main criteria of soils, the grain size distribution, salinity, gley process, etc., play an important role in the yield of agricultural crops. Revealed the correction factors for these indicators.
Ecological-Geobotanical Evaluation of Potential of Soil-Vegetation Cover of Pastures in Shirvan (Azerbaijan)
Authors: Gasimzade T.
Published: November 2021

Data on a new method of ecological-geobotanical evaluation of the soil and vegetation cover of Shirvan in Azerbaijan, developed for the first time on the basis of data on soil evaluation, their ecological assessment and the state of natural plant population characteristic of this territory have been shown in the paper. The soil-vegetation cover of Shirvan was grouped according to the ecological-geobotanical evaluative indicators and 4 groups were identified based on the data of the ecological-geobotanical evaluation. Management is carried out in 3 directions: with application in cultivation, with application in animal husbandry and improvement of social policy and agriculture. Thus, the method of ecological-geobotanical evaluation developed for the first time can be applied to territories with similar soil and vegetation cover throughout Azerbaijan.
Agroecology of Goychay District’s Soils of Azerbaijan
Authors: Hasanova T.
Published: November 2021

Goychay region has very suitable and unique lands for strategic agroecological monitoring. A dry steppe and semi-desert zone, which is characterized by a pronounced arid climate, is located at an altitude of 200–400 m above sea level, where the dominant soils in the territory are various subgroups of gray-brown soils and serozem types. The fact that soil studies in the Goychay region of the Azerbaijan Republic are less studied than in other regions, and there is no literature, is an innovative and urgent problem for soil scientists. The article presents some of the results of seasonal surveys, ecological expertise and biological diagnostics carried out in recent years. Biological diagnostics, environmental monitoring and assessment of these soils by modern methods are of great innovative importance for the development of agriculture in Azerbaijan. As a result of many years of agroecology research, the involvement of natural cenoses in agriculture has created conditions for obtaining high productivity from these soils