bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparative Mass Spectrometry Using a Rotating‐Wall Mass Analyzer
Authors: Su Pei , Hu Hang , Unsihuay Daisy , Zhang Di , Dainese Tiziano , Diaz Rosa E. , Lee Jongsu , Gunaratne Don K. , Wang Haiyan , Maran Flavio , Mei Jianguo , Laskin Julia
Published: February 2020

The design of functional interfaces is central to both fundamental and applied research in materials science and energy technology. We introduce a new, broadly applicable technique for the precisely controlled high‐throughput preparation of well‐defined interfaces containing polyatomic species ranging from small ions to nanocrystals and large protein complexes. The mass‐dispersive deposition of ions onto surfaces is achieved using a rotating‐wall mass analyzer, a compact device which enables the separation of ions using low voltages and has a theoretically unlimited mass range. We demonstrate an efficient deposition of singly charged Au144(SC4H9)60ions (33.7 kDa), which opens up exciting opportunities for the structural characterization of nanocrystals and their assemblies using transmission electron microscopy. Our approach also enables the high‐throughput deposition of mass‐selected ions from multicomponent mixtures, which is of interest to the controlled preparation of surface gradients and rapid screening of molecules in mixtures for a specific property.
Divergent, Stereospecific Mono‐ and Difluoromethylation of Boronic Esters
Authors: Fasano Valerio , Winter Nils , Noble Adam , Aggarwal Varinder K.
Published: February 2020

There is considerable interest in incorporating fluorine into agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals to improve their biological properties. Whilst a number of methods have been reported for installing CH2F and CHF2 groups, they are mainly limited to radical reactions, which are invariably racemic. Herein, we report the divergent, stereospecific reaction of fluoroiodomethyllithium with boronic esters to give α‐fluoro‐boronic esters. These unique intermediates can be readily transformed into the corresponding mono‐ or difluoromethylated compounds through proto‐ or fluorodeboronation, respectively. The use of the highly unstable fluoroiodomethyllithium was key to allowing rapid 1,2‐migration over competing decomposition of the carbanion. DFT calculations informed and supported the experimental findings.
Compartment syndrome of the hand as a complication of prolonged mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Lesser F. D. , Yakubi M. , Rochester S. , Evans J. , Highgate J.
Published: March 2020

A 45‐year‐old man suffered compartment syndrome of the hands as a complication of prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation. He was admitted following a hypothermic out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest due to cold‐water submersion. The patient was in cardiac arrest for 4 h with mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation delivered using the Lund University Cardiac Arrest System (Jolife AB, Lund, Sweden). Cardiopulmonary resuscitation along with aggressive rewarming achieved return of spontaneous circulation. He developed compartment syndrome in his left hand which was likely exacerbated by having his arm strapped to the Lund University Cardiac Arrest System device throughout the resuscitation. The compartment syndrome was managed conservatively. Despite preservation of neurological function the patient died of complications from the cardiac arrest after an extended intensive care unit stay. We recommend healthcare providers unstrap patient's hands during prolonged mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Biosynthesis of copper nanoparticles using Allium eriophyllum Boiss leaf aqueous extract; characterization and analysis of their antimicrobial and cutaneous wound‐healing potentials
Authors: Zhao Hongwei , Su Haitao , Ahmeda Ahmad , Sun Yanqiu , Li Zongyu , Zangeneh Mohammad Mahdi , Nowrozi Masoumeh , Zangeneh Akram , Moradi Rohallah
Published: February 2020

Recently, researchers have proven the therapeutic properties of copper nanoparticles as a common product of nanotechnology science. Due to the excellent antioxidant potential of copper nanoparticles, it seems that they can be used for the treatment of infectious diseases and cutaneous wounds. Also, Allium eriophyllum Boiss leaf is used in Kurdish traditional medicine, as one of the popular medicines of the Iranian traditional medicines, for increasing the trend of wound healing. So, we decided to synthesize the copper nanoparticles containing A. eriophyllum leaf aqueous extract, and analyze their potentials in removing bacteria and fungi and healing of cutaneous wounds. After synthesizing the copper nanoparticles, they were characterized with common techniques of organic chemistry, i.e. UV–Vis, Fourier transform‐infrared, X‐ray diffraction, field emission‐scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). For investigating the antimicrobial properties of CuSO4, A. eriophyllum, and CuNPs@A. eriophyllum, we used the macro‐broth dilation test. Also, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of CuSO4, A. eriophyllum, and CuNPs@A. eriophyllum were gained to indicate the exact antimicrobial potentials of them. To survey the cutaneous wound‐healing effects of CuSO4, A. eriophyllum, and CuNPs@A. eriophyllum, the 0.2% ointments were formulated and compared with the control and untreated groups. All data of antimicrobial and cutaneous wound‐healing experiments were assessed by SPSS 22 software. The results of chemical characterization indicated that copper nanoparticles had been synthesized as the best form, and the size ranges were 25–35 and 30–35 nm in the FE‐SEM and TEM images, respectively. In the antimicrobial part of this study, CuNPs@A. eriophyllum indicated higher antifungal and antibacterial effects than all standard antibiotics (P ≤ 0.01). MIC, MBC and MFC of CuNPs@A. eriophyllum were 2−4 mg/ml against all fungi and bacteria tested. With regard to cutaneous wound healing, the use of CuNPs@A. eriophyllum ointment significantly (P ≤ 0.01) raised the wound contracture, vessel, hydroxyl proline, hexuronic acid, hexosamine, fibrocyte and fibrocytes/fibroblast rate, and significantly (P ≤ 0.01) decreased the wound area, total cells, neutrophils and lymphocytes compared with other groups in rats. According to the above findings, CuNPs@A. eriophyllum may be used for the treatment of infectious diseases and cutaneous wounds in humans.
One‐step hydrothermal synthesis of nitrogen doped reduced graphene oxide‐silver nanocomposites: Catalytic performance
Authors: Soysal Furkan , Çıplak Zafer , Gökalp Ceren , Getiren Bengü , Yıldız Nuray
Published: March 2020

The aim of this study is to efficiently utilize catalytic properties of silver nanoparticles and nitrogen doped graphene and their combined synergistic effect. For this purpose, nitrogen doped reduced graphene oxide‐silver (NrGO‐Ag) nanocomposites were synthesized by a facile, environmentally friendly, one‐pot hydrothermal method for the first time and characterized by UV–Vis, FTIR, XRD, XPS, SEM, and TEM. Catalytic activity of the synthesized nanocomposites was tested against 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) and methylene blue (MB) reduction reactions in the presence of NaBH4. Total degradation was achieved in both reactions in 210 and 44 s, and pseudo first order reaction rate constants were calculated as 0.0071 and 0.0322 s−1 for 4‐NP and MB reduction reactions, respectively.
Successful Implementation of AMI and Customer Leak Notifications
Authors: Berenson Chase
Published: March 2020

Key Takeaways

It's important for a utility to follow proper change management protocols before issuing customer‐side leak notifications through advanced metering infrastructure (AMI).

With its data‐gathering power, AMI can identify usage patterns or outliers and engage customers to consider their own water consumption.

Beyond the new capabilities the technology offers, AMI deployment is an investment in improving utility operations overall.
Analysis of electronic health records based on long short‐term memory
Authors: Shi Peiying , Hou Feng , Zheng Xiangwei , Yuan Feng
Published: February 2020

There is a large amount of historical data of the patient's hospitalization named the electronic health records (EHRs), but the data are not fully utilized for great challenges as poor quality, high dimension, and so on. Previous studies have primarily used machine learning methods that rely heavily on manual extraction of features. Recently, many deep learning approaches are applied to predictive model of EHRs. Recurrent neural networks (RNN) are often used to model EHR data, but RNN performance degrades in the face of large sequence lengths. To solve these challenges, we develop a long short‐term memory with attention mechanism for mortality prediction. The dataset used in this article is the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III, which contains comprehensive clinical data for the patients. The experimental results demonstrate that the predicted results can be effectively interpreted using the attention mechanism. Compared with other baseline models, our model improves the accuracy of prediction, and helps doctors reduce the average diagnostic
time.
A comprehensive study of spike fruiting efficiency in wheat
Authors: Pretini Nicole , Terrile Ignacio I. , Gazaba Luciana N. , Donaire Guillermo M. , Arisnabarreta Sebastián , Vanzetti Leonardo S. , González Fernanda G.
Published: February 2020

Spike fruiting efficiency (FE), defined as grains per unit of spike dry weight at anthesis (SDWa) is a promising trait for improving grain number (GN) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). It is often estimated at maturity as the grains per unit of chaff or FE at maturity (FEm). The fertile floret efficiency (FFE), defined as fertile florets per unit of SDWa, and grain set (GST), or the number of grains per floret, were studied to better understand FE determination for the first time. Two double haploid populations designed by crossing modern cultivars contrasting for FE [‘Baguette 19’ and ‘Baguette Premium 11’(high FE) × ‘BioINTA2002’ (low FE)] were sown in five environments. The FE and FEm showed an unstable correlation (low or high) among genotypes within environments (caused by variable SDWa–chaff associations), resulting in a worse correlation between GN and FEm than between GN and FE. Therefore, the use of FEm as a surrogate for FE to improve GN may yield lower gains than those expected if FE were used. The narrow‐sense heritability of FFE was high but the variability in fertile florets per spike among genotypes within environments was correlated with FFE only in the environments with high SDWa. Despite the close association between FE and FFE, the former was not totally set at anthesis, as GST greatly affected FE and GN. Selecting for higher FFE and GST, where genotype × environment effects determine heavy spikes at anthesis, is an alternative to breeding for improved GN.
Managing forage and turf‐type bahiagrass for seed production
Authors: Rios Esteban F. , Zilli Alex , Kenworthy Kevin E. , Mackowiak Cheryl , Quesenberry Kenneth , Blount Ann
Published: February 2020

Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flüggé) is the most extensively cultivated perennial warm‐season grass in the southeastern United States for pasture, utility turf, cover cropping, and soil stabilization. The University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences bahiagrass breeding program has recently selected several improved forage‐ and dwarf‐turf‐type tetraploid breeding lines. However, seed production and seed quality quantification is needed before proposing any of these lines for cultivar release. The objectives of this study were (a) to evaluate seed production in seven tetraploid bahiagrass breeding lines (two forage‐type apomictic hybrids, and five turf‐type facultative apomicts) and the cultivar ‘Argentine’, and (b) to determine the optimum management practices (defoliation timing [May, June] and N rate [0, 60, and 120 kg N ha−1]) to increase seed yield and quality. Six seed traits were evaluated during 2 yr (first and second production year) under a randomized complete block design in a strip‐split‐plot arrangement with three replications. Eight genotypes (main plot), two defoliation timings (subplot), and three N fertilization rates (sub‐subplot) were tested. All breeding lines produced viable seed comparable with Argentine, although some of them exhibited very low reproductive efficiency. Nitrogen fertilization improved seed yield by increasing inflorescence density but did not affect seed quality traits. Defoliation in May produced greater seed yield, whereas defoliation in June resulted in greater seed quality, especially for turf‐type genotypes. The information generated in this study will guide cultivar release(s) and will be used to develop targeted recommendation practices for seed production in the species.
Associations between latent trait negative affect and patterns of food‐intake among girls with loss‐of‐control eating
Authors: Byrne Meghan E. , Shomaker Lauren B. , Brady Sheila M. , Kozlosky Merel , Yanovski Jack A. , Tanofsky‐Kraff Marian
Published: February 2020

Objective

Momentary negative affect (NA) has been shown to predict eating patterns in the laboratory, yet, more stable mood states have not been studied in relation to eating patterns in the laboratory among youth at high risk for binge‐eating disorder and obesity.

Method

One‐hundred‐eight adolescent girls (14.5 ± 1.7 years) with BMI between the 75th–97th percentile who reported loss‐of‐control (LOC)‐eating completed measures of trait anxiety and depressive symptoms. Food‐intake patterns were measured from a laboratory test meal (9,385 kcal). Latent factor analysis of depressive symptoms and trait anxiety was used to compute latent trait NA. Multivariate general linear models predicted total energy, snacks, and macronutrient intake from trait NA, adjusting for age, race, height, lean‐mass, and percentage fat‐mass.

Results

Trait NA was significantly positively related to total energy‐intake, and, specifically, snacks, sweet snacks, and percentage sweet fats (ps ≤ .03), and negatively related to percentage protein consumed (p = .04).

Discussion

Expanding on affect theory, trait NA may relate to palatable food‐intake among girls with LOC‐eating. Further data are needed to determine whether those with LOC‐eating and trait NA are at heightened risk for the development of binge‐eating disorder and obesity.
Pre‐empting the challenges faced in adolescence: A systematic literature review of effects of psychosocial interventions for preteens with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Rey Velasco Elena , Pals Regitze Anne Saurbrey , Skinner Timothy Charles , Grabowski Dan
Published: March 2020

Introduction

Numerous psychosocial interventions have been conducted in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, aiming to improve their self‐management and autonomy acquisition. However, these tend to address family conflict and parental perspectives, and a scarce number of interventions explore the outcomes among preteens. This review examined the outcomes of psychosocial interventions for preteens with type 1 diabetes, as an under‐researched field to date.

Methods

A systematic literature review of intervention studies with randomized controlled trial design, targeting preteens with type 1 diabetes, was conducted. Six databases were searched for publication periods from 1995 to October 2019. Quality of the interventions according to the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD), as well as reporting and effect sizes, were assessed.

Results

Twelve studies were selected, covering ten interventions. According to the topics identified, four of these interventions were categorized as self‐care programmes, three as psychosocial programmes and three as mixed. All of the interventions, except for one, covered ≥50% of the ISPAD recommendations. Reporting adequacy was negative only in one intervention. Main outcomes were glycemic control and self‐management, but effect sizes could only be calculated for half of the interventions with no overall significant effect.

Conclusions

This review shows a lack of adequate psychosocial interventions targeting preteens with type 1 diabetes and actively involving them as participants. These intervention's educational programmes and methods should be standardized to guarantee successful results. New technologies and peer support implementation could be a promising pathway when designing these studies.
Rapid Determination of Total Polar Compounds in Frying Oil Using ATR‐FTIR Combined with Extended Partial Least Squares Regression
Authors: Liu Xiaoying , Ye Qin , Xiao Chaogeng , Zou Ying , Meng Xianghe
Published: February 2020

A method of rapidly determining the total polar compounds (TPCs) in frying oils using attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with partial least squares (PLS) regression is developed. Oils of various types and geographic origins are used to ensure that the proposed model is robust. The first derivative spectrum is selected as the spectral processing method. The interval PLS, forward interval PLS, and backward interval PLS algorithms are compared in terms of their performance. A correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9942, a root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) of 1.1, a root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 2.30, a residual predictive deviation (RPD) of 4.1, and a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.65% are obtained by the fiPLS33 model with fewer latent variables and a lower spectral interval number. In addition, sub‐models using a single type of oil showed higher performance (R2 0.9957–0.9998, RMSEC 0.12–0.92, RMSEP 0.79–1.58, RPD 4.79–9.64, LOD 0.66–1.26%) than the general model. The TPC models developed are accurate, stable, and adaptable, and they can be used to analyze general frying oil samples quickly, regardless of the oil type, and to analyze samples of specific oil types accurately.

Practical applications: The content of TPCs is an important indicator of whether the oil has been overused and whether it will be harmful during the frying process. However, traditional chemical methods are time‐consuming, and they have not been used to determine large‐sized samples. In addition, due to a lack of regional optimization, most studies on determining TPCs with FTIR give unsatisfactory model performance. A general TPC model that incorporates several oil types and regional optimization is expected to improve prediction performance. Therefore, the proposed method represents a rapid and accurate tool for measuring TPCs in edible fats and oils.
Development and assessment of adsorptive hydrogel: Process engineering and economic considerations
Authors: Sorour Mohammed H. , Tewfik Shadia R. , Abulnour Abdelghani G. , Shaalan Hayam F. , Hani Heba A. , Al‐Bazedi Ghada A.
Published: February 2020

This article addresses the production of an adsorbing hydrogel to be used for removal of heavy metals. A review of literature on hydrogel adsorption of heavy metals is highlighted. The adopted process is briefly described and typical adsorption results as compared to reported work are presented. The technical specifications of an industrial scale plant of appropriate capacity of 3000 ton/year are detailed. The total capital investment and the production cost have been estimated to be about $M 10.6 and 6.5, respectively. Financial analysis determined the effect of variation of selling price within the reported international range on financial indicators. Furthermore, analysis of the effect of variation by 10% increase/decrease of capital investment and annual operating cost has been also estimated. Indicators include net present value (NPV $M), internal rate of return (IRR%), and average simple return of return (Average. SRR%), which have been estimated as 24%, 18%, and 19%, respectively. The project proves to be techno‐economically viable under the estimated conditions for wider application.
Predicting Survival After Hepatocellular Carcinoma Resection Using Deep Learning on Histological Slides
Authors: Saillard Charlie , Schmauch Benoit , Laifa Oumeima , Moarii Matahi , Toldo Sylvain , Zaslavskiy Mikhail , Pronier Elodie , Laurent Alexis , Amaddeo Giuliana , Regnault Hélène , Sommacale Daniele , Ziol Marianne , Pawlotsky Jean‐Michel , Mulé Sébastien , Luciani Alain , Wainrib Gilles , Clozel Thomas , Courtiol Pierre , Calderaro Julien
Published: February 2020

Background and Aims

Standardized and robust risk‐stratification systems for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are required to improve therapeutic strategies and investigate the benefits of adjuvant systemic therapies after curative resection/ablation.

Approach and Results

In this study, we used two deep‐learning algorithms based on whole‐slide digitized histological slides (whole‐slide imaging; WSI) to build models for predicting survival of patients with HCC treated by surgical resection. Two independent series were investigated: a discovery set (Henri Mondor Hospital, n = 194) used to develop our algorithms and an independent validation set (The Cancer Genome Atlas [TCGA], n = 328). WSIs were first divided into small squares (“tiles”), and features were extracted with a pretrained convolutional neural network (preprocessing step). The first deep‐learning–based algorithm (“SCHMOWDER”) uses an attention mechanism on tumoral areas annotated by a pathologist whereas the second (“CHOWDER”) does not require human expertise. In the discovery set, c‐indices for survival prediction of SCHMOWDER and CHOWDER reached 0.78 and 0.75, respectively. Both models outperformed a composite score incorporating all baseline variables associated with survival. Prognostic value of the models was further validated in the TCGA data set, and, as observed in the discovery series, both models had a higher discriminatory power than a score combining all baseline variables associated with survival. Pathological review showed that the tumoral areas most predictive of poor survival were characterized by vascular spaces, the macrotrabecular architectural pattern, and a lack of immune infiltration.

Conclusions

This study shows that artificial intelligence can help refine the prediction of HCC prognosis. It highlights the importance of pathologist/machine interactions for the construction of deep‐learning algorithms that benefit from expert knowledge and allow a biological understanding of their output.
The Role of Clinical Pharmacology in Chemotherapy of Multidrug‐Resistant Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Karbwang Juntra , Na‐Bangchang Kesara
Published: February 2020

Malaria remains one of the major global public health problems due to the emergence and spread of multidrug‐resistant Plasmodium falciparum. In recent years, clinical pharmacology has significantly contributed to the optimal dosing regimens of antimalarial drugs. The application of pharmacometric modeling and simulation has assisted in the accurate characterization of pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic relationships and the optimization of the dosage regimens of existing antimalarial drugs, including new antimalarial candidates for multidrug‐resistant P falciparum in different populations.
Nitrogen mineralization from organic amendments is variable but predictable
Authors: Lazicki Patricia , Geisseler Daniel , Lloyd Margaret
Published: February 2020

To manage nitrogen (N) efficiently, organic growers must be able to predict the amount and timing of plant‐available N from organic amendments. In this study, we measured N mineralization from a variety of organic amendments, including composted animal manures and plant material, pelleted and granular organic fertilizer formulations, slaughter waste products, and hydrolyzed liquid fertilizers. In a laboratory incubation, we measured net N mineralization from materials mixed with either organically or conventionally managed soil at 23°C and 60% water holding capacity after 0, 7, 21, 42, and 84 d. We found that net mineral N change in the amended soils after 84 d of incubation fell into four categories: immobilization to 5% of applied N for yard trimmings composts, 15–30% for poultry manure composts, 35–55% for granular fertilizers, and 60–90% for quick release products. However, across all amendments the amount of plant‐available N after 84 d of incubation was well correlated with the carbon (C)/N ratio (R2 = 0.92). Within amendment types, the C/N ratio predicted N mineralization for yard trimmings composts (R2 = 0.91), manure composts (R2 = 0.81), and specialty fertilizer and slaughter products (R2 = 0.88) but not liquid products (R2 = 0.11). Soil management history did not consistently affect net N mineralization but may have influenced timing.
Causal factors for pesticide trends in streams of the United States: Atrazine and deethylatrazine
Authors: Ryberg Karen R. , Stone Wesley W. , Baker Nancy T.
Published: February 2020

Pesticides are important for agriculture in the United States, and atrazine is one of the most widely used and widely detected pesticides in surface water. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which atrazine and its degradation product, deethylatrazine, increase and decrease in surface waters can help inform future decisions for water quality improvement. This study considers causal factors for trends in pesticide concentration in U.S. streams and models the causal factors, other than use, in structural equation models. The structural equation models use a concomitant trend in corn (Zea mays L.) and a latent variable model, indicating moisture supply and management. The moisture supply and management latent variable model incorporates long‐term moisture conditions in the individual watersheds by using the Palmer hydrologic drought index, human influence on the hydrologic cycle through the percentage of the watershed drained by tile drains in 2012, and the base‐flow contribution to streamflow, using the base‐flow index. The structural equation models explain 77 and 38% of the variability in atrazine and deethylatrazine trends, respectively, across the conterminous United States. The models highlight future water quality challenges, particularly in tile‐drained settings where fall precipitation and heavy precipitation are increasing.
Robotic retrogastric cystogastrostomy for pancreatic pseudocyst – A video vignette
Authors: Felsenreich Daniel M. , Quinterro Luis A. , Koo Donna C. , Gachabayov Mahir , Matsumoto Sara , Dong Xiang (Eric) D.
Published: February 2020

Highlight

In this video vignette, Felsenreich et al describe a case of robotic retrogastric cystogastrostomy in a patient with pancreatic pseudocyst due to gallstone pancreatitis. The robotic retrogastric approach is advantageous because it avoids an anterior gastrotomy without the need for extensive dissection to expose the pancreatic pseudocyst.
Oncologic outcomes of segmentectomy vs lobectomy in pathologic stage IA (≤2 cm) invasive lung adenocarcinoma: A population‐based study
Authors: Li Feng , Zhao Yue , Yuan Ligong , Wang Shuaibo , Mao Yousheng
Published: February 2020

Background and Objectives

For early‐stage invasive lung adenocarcinoma, it remains unclear whether segmentectomy can yield outcomes equivalent to those of lobectomy. This study aimed to compare survival outcomes after segmentectomy and lobectomy among patients with stage IA invasive lung adenocarcinoma.

Methods

We identified patients with stage IA (≤2 cm) invasive lung adenocarcinoma who underwent segmentectomy or lobectomy from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2004‐2015). Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance the baseline characteristics. Overall survival (OS) and lung cancer‐specific survival (LCSS) were compared using the Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results

A total of 5474 patients were included. Before PSM, the 5‐year OS was 78.3% for patients undergoing lobectomy vs 76.5% for patients undergoing segmentectomy (P = .166) while LCSS were 86.8% vs 83.0% (P = .015). After PSM, survival analyses showed that segmentectomy had OS (75.8% vs 76.4%; P = .694) and LCSS (82.7% vs 82.9%; P = .604) equivalent to those of lobectomy. Cox regression demonstrated that segmentectomy was equivalent to lobectomy in terms of OS and LCSS before and after PSM.

Conclusion

For stage IA (≤2 cm) invasive lung adenocarcinoma, segmentectomy may have oncologic outcomes equivalent to those of lobectomy.
New York state BH community upset over loss of billions for Medicaid reform
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: February 2020

Mental health advocates and providers across New York state have expressed disappointment and concerns over the Trump administration's denial last week to extend its Med‐icaid waiver program to improve care and reduce avoidable hospitalizations. State officials were seeking $8 billion more in federal funding for the program's extension over five years.
Florida AOT law involving a minor ignites field concerns
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: February 2020

When a 6‐year‐old Florida girl diagnosed with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was forced to go to a mental health facility last month under an involuntary state law for “acting out” in her class, and without her mother's consent, it ignited some conversation in the field about the rights of minors and the need for educators to understand the needs of children experiencing trauma.
Diabetes, MH program supports integrated care efforts
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: February 2020

Observing the coexisting health challenges people living with diabetes and mental health issues face, a Portland, Oregon–based behavioral health company has launched a self‐management program based on whole health and the reciprocal nature of addressing these two conditions.
Dental health of Vikings from Kopparsvik on Gotland
Authors: Bertilsson Carolina , Sten Sabine , Andersson Johanna , Lundberg Björn , Lingström Peter
Published: March 2020

The prevalence, distribution, and location of dental caries were studied in complete and partial human dentitions dating from the Viking Age dating (900–1050 AD) excavated in Kopparsvik on island of Gotland, Sweden. 18 individuals and a total of 370 teeth were examined, using a strong light source and dental probe. Carious lesions were found in a large number of the individuals, 14 out of 18. The percentage of teeth affected by caries (11,9%) corresponds well with studied skull materials from the same period. The surface most susceptible to caries was the occlusal surface, whereas only a few proximal lesions and one single carious root surface was found. The tooth most commonly affected by caries was the mandibular first molar. The tooth most commonly missing ante‐mortem was also the mandibular molar, and the tooth most commonly missing post mortem was the mandibular incisor. Other findings included apical infections, which were detected clinically in 3% of the teeth.
Effect of Plain Versus Sugar‐Sweetened Breakfast on Energy Balance and Metabolic Health: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: Carroll Harriet A. , Chen Yung‐Chih , Templeman Iain S. , Wharton Phoebe , Reeves Sue , Trim William V. , Chowdhury Enhad A. , Brunstrom Jeff M. , Rogers Peter J. , Thompson Dylan , James Lewis J. , Johnson Laura , Betts James A.
Published: February 2020

Objective

This study investigated the effect of 3 weeks of high‐sugar (“Sweet”) versus low‐sugar (“Plain”) breakfast on energy balance, metabolic health, and appetite.

Methods

A total of 29 healthy adults (22 women) completed this randomized crossover study. Participants had pre‐ and postintervention appetite, health, and body mass outcomes measured, and they recorded diet, appetite (visual analogue scales), and physical activity for 8 days during each intervention. Interventions were 3 weeks of isoenergetic Sweet (30% by weight added sugar; average 32 g of sugar) versus Plain (no added sugar; average 8 g of sugar) porridge‐based breakfasts.

Results

Pre‐ to postintervention changes in body mass were similar between Plain (Δ 0.1 kg; 95% CI: −0.3 to 0.5 kg) and Sweet (Δ 0.2 kg; 95% CI: −0.2 to 0.5 kg), as were pre‐ to postintervention changes for biomarkers of health (allP ≥ 0.101) and psychological appetite (allP ≥ 0.152). Energy, fat, and protein intake was not statistically different between conditions. Total carbohydrate intake was higher during Sweet (287 ± 82 g/d vs. 256 ± 73 g/d;P = 0.009), driven more by higher sugar intake at breakfast (116 ± 46 g/d vs. 88 ± 38 g/d;P < 0.001) than post‐breakfast sugar intake (Sweet 84 ± 42 g/d vs. Plain 80 ± 37 g/d;P = 0.552). Participants reported reduced sweet desire immediately after Sweet but not Plain breakfasts (trial × timeP < 0.001).

Conclusions

Energy balance, health markers, and appetite did not respond differently to 3 weeks of high‐ or low‐sugar breakfasts.
IsoSeq transcriptome assembly of C3 panicoid grasses provides tools to study evolutionary change in the Panicoideae
Authors: Carvalho Daniel S. , Nishimwe Aime V. , Schnable James C.
Published: February 2020

The number of plant species with genomic and transcriptomic data has been increasing rapidly. The grasses—Poaceae—have been well represented among species with published reference genomes. However, as a result the genomes of wild grasses are less frequently targeted by sequencing efforts. Sequence data from wild relatives of crop species in the grasses can aid the study of domestication, gene discovery for breeding and crop improvement, and improve our understanding of the evolution of C4 photosynthesis. Here, we used long‐read sequencing technology to characterize the transcriptomes of three C3 panicoid grass species: Dichanthelium oligosanthes, Chasmanthium laxum, and Hymenachne amplexicaulis. Based on alignments to the sorghum genome, we estimate that assembled consensus transcripts from each species capture between 54.2% and 65.7% of the conserved syntenic gene space in grasses. Genes co‐opted into C4 were also well represented in this dataset, despite concerns that because these genes might play roles unrelated to photosynthesis in the target species, they would be expressed at low levels and missed by transcript‐based sequencing. A combined analysis using syntenic orthologous genes from grasses with published reference genomes and consensus long‐read sequences from these wild species was consistent with previously published phylogenies. It is hoped that these data, targeting underrepresented classes of species within the PACMAD grasses—wild species and species utilizing C3 photosynthesis—will aid in future studies of domestication and C4 evolution by decreasing the evolutionary distance between C4 and C3 species within this clade, enabling more accurate comparisons associated with evolution of the C4 pathway.
The emotional impact of surveillance programs for pancreatic cancer on high‐risk individuals: A prospective analysis
Authors: Paiella Salvatore , Marinelli Veronica , Secchettin Erica , Mazzi Maria Angela , Ferretto Francesca , Casolino Raffaella , Bassi Claudio , Salvia Roberto
Published: February 2020

Objective

Literature shows that emotional status can influence participation in screening/surveillance programs, and that screening/surveillance programs may alter the psychological well‐being of subjects examined. This study aims to assess if participating in a surveillance program for pancreatic cancer early detection is associated with abnormal levels of psychological distress in high‐risk individuals (HRIs), compared to the general population.

Methods

Fifty‐four HRIs participating in a magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)‐based surveillance program completed several psychological assessment questionnaires, investigating global functioning, self‐efficacy, perceived stress, coping abilities, and social support. The questionnaires were administered by a clinical psychologist after the MRCP but before the subjects were informed about the results of the scans. The HRIs were subjects with strong familiarity of pancreatic cancer and/or carriers of known genetic mutations related to cancer susceptibility. The psychological assessment was made at the time of the first examination.

Results

The population was characterized by an overall good psychological status. Scoring of our sample was comparable to the general population norms. The HRIs showed decent global functioning, high self‐efficacy levels, low perceived stress in the last month prior to examination, efficient emotion‐focused coping strategies, and an adequate social support system. The younger subjects' subpopulation only revealed higher levels of stress.

Conclusions

From a psychological point of view, an MRCP‐based pancreatic cancer annual surveillance seemed not to influence the HRIs' psychological well‐being, unless in young people. Further studies are needed to better establish if there are any changes in distress levels over time and how emotional status influences participation in surveillance programs.
Understanding the relative performance of SCAN, SIM, PMRM and MRM methods for quantifying polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in crude oil samples
Authors: Han Yuling , Yin Fang , John Gerald F. , Clement T. Prabhakar
Published: February 2020

Rationale

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in oil spill samples are analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) using four different methods: (1) full scan (SCAN), (2) selected ion monitoring (SIM), (3) multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), and (4) pseudo multiple reaction monitoring (PMRM). This study quantifies the relative performance of these methods.

Methods

Novel experiments were designed to measure the signal‐to‐noise (S/N) ratios of all four methods. This was accomplished by spiking the crude oil with five deuterated PAHs (dPAHs) in two distinct ways: (1) varying the background noise by changing crude oil concentrations before spiking the samples with 1 ng/mL of dPAHs, and (2) varying the signal by spiking dPAHs concentrations of 0.5 and 5 ng/mL into a crude oil sample.

Results

The MRM method is the most selective and sensitive of the four methods. It also provides the lowest limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ). MRM is the optimal approach for quantifying PAHs in complex petroleum samples containing high levels of background noise. Also, our data show that the PAHs in complex oil spill samples can be quantified by MRM without using any complicated sample preparation steps.

Conclusions

Based on our experimental data, the relative performance of the four methods used for quantifying PAHs in crude oil samples can be ranked as MRM > PMRM > SIM > SCAN.
How much heterogeneity? Flow versus area from a big data perspective
Authors: Kulkarni Poonam R. , Godwin Whitney R. , Long Justin A. , Newell Ryan C. , Newell Charles J.
Published: February 2020

Over the past 10 years, there has been an increased recognition that matrix diffusion processes are a significant factor controlling the success of groundwater remediation. New field techniques and modeling tools have, consequently, been developed to understand how contaminants diffuse into and then out of low‐permeability (“low‐k”) zones and assess the resulting impact on groundwater quality. Matrix diffusion, in turn, is driven by one key factor: geologic heterogeneity. The importance of heterogeneity is being emphasized in the groundwater field by general rules of thumb such as “90% of the mass flux occurs in 10%‐20% of the cross‐sectional area” and conceptual models that show most of the groundwater flow occurs through the aquifer's “mobile porosity” which just a small fraction of commonly used effective porosity values (between 0.02 and 0.10 for mobile porosity vs. 0.25 for effective porosity). For this study, 141 boring logs from 43 groundwater remediation sites were evaluated to develop an empirically based estimate of the groundwater flow versus aquifer cross‐sectional area to confirm or reject the general flow versus area rules of thumb. This study indicated that at these 43 sites, an average of 30% of the cross‐sectional area carried 90% of the groundwater flow. Our flow‐only analysis does provide moderate (but not confirmatory) support for the “mobile porosity” concept with an estimated representative mobile porosity value of about 0.11 at the 43 sites.
Engineering 2D Mesoporous Silica@MXene‐Integrated 3D‐Printing Scaffolds for Combinatory Osteosarcoma Therapy and NO‐Augmented Bone Regeneration
Authors: Yang Qianhao , Yin Haohao , Xu Tianming , Zhu Daoyu , Yin Junhui , Chen Yixuan , Yu Xiaowei , Gao Junjie , Zhang Changqing , Chen Yu , Gao Youshui
Published: February 2020

The rising concerns of the recurrence and bone deficiency in surgical treatment of malignant bone tumors have raised an urgent need of the advance of multifunctional therapeutic platforms for efficient tumor therapy and bone regeneration. Herein, the construction of a multifunctional biomaterial system is reported by the integration of 2D Nb2C MXene wrapped with S‐nitrosothiol (RSNO)‐grafted mesoporous silica with 3D‐printing bioactive glass (BG) scaffolds (MBS). The near infrared (NIR)‐triggered photonic hyperthermia of MXene in the NIR‐II biowindow and precisely controlled nitric oxide (NO) release are coordinated for multitarget ablation of bone tumors to enhance localized osteosarcoma treatment. The in situ formed phosphorus and calcium components degraded from BG scaffold promote bone‐regeneration bioactivity, augmented by sufficient blood supply triggered by on‐demand NO release. The tunable NO generation plays a crucial role in sequential adjuvant tumor ablation, combinatory promotion of coupled vascularization, and bone regeneration. This study demonstrates a combinatory osteosarcoma ablation and a full osseous regeneration as enabled by the implantation of MBS. The design of multifunctional scaffolds with the specific features of controllable NO release, highly efficient photothermal conversion, and stimulatory bone regeneration provides an intriguing biomaterial platform for the diversified treatment of bone tumors.
Long‐term domestication to Mn stresses alleviates the inhibition on anammox process
Authors: Tang Chong‐Jian , Zhang Lin , Feng Fan , Xiong Lei , Mahmood Qaisar , Zeng Weizhi , Chai Xilin , Wang Yunyan
Published: February 2020

Heavy metals such as Mn2+ are common contaminants in ammonium‐rich wastewater. The information of Mn2+ effect on anammox process needs further investigation. The short‐ and long‐term effects of Mn2+ on anammox were explored by anammox granular sludge. Batch tests showed that the half inhibition value (IC50) of Mn2+ was 4.83 mg/L. The anammox activity was severely inhibited in 0.5 hr under 15 mg/L Mn2+. However, after long‐term domestication by increasing the concentration of Mn2+, both the low‐load reactor (R1) and the high‐load reactor (R2) performed well, achieving volumetric nitrogen removal rate of 6.36 kg/(m3·d) and 13.99 kg/(m3·d), respectively. The average ammonium and nitrite removal efficiency of both reactors under 200 mg/L Mn still maintained above 90%. The results from long‐term reactors’ operation showed that the serious inhibition effect indicated by the batch test was significantly exaggerated. The granules became dispersed after long‐term operation in the high‐load reactor (R2) which might be correlated to the high osmotic pressure caused by high Mn2+ load, and the mechanism needs to be investigated further.

Practitioner Points

The half inhibition value of Mn2+ on anammox sludge was 4.83 mg/L in batch experiment.

200 mg/L Mn2+ did not cause any inhibition on anammox process during long‐term operation.

Granular sludge is finer under high nitrogen loads with 200 mg/L Mn stress.
NHC Supersilyl Silver Complex [Ag(IPr)SitBu3] as a Promising Agent for Substitution Reactions
Authors: Schödel Frauke , Bolte Michael , Wagner Matthias , Lerner Hans‐Wolfram
Published: February 2020

The NHC supersilyl silver complex [Ag(IPr)SitBu3] (IPr = NHCIPr) was prepared by treatment of Ag(IPr)Cl with Na(thf)2[SitBu3] in benzene/thf at room temperature. X‐ray quality crystals of the NHC supersilyl silver complex [Ag(IPr)SitBu3] (monoclinic, space group P21/m) were grown from heptane at room temperature. The 29Si NMR spectrum of a solution of [Ag(IPr)SitBu3] in C6D6 revealed two doublets caused by coupling to 107Ag and 109Ag nuclei. We further investigated the possibility of a conversion of triel halides EX3 by treatment with [Ag(IPr)SitBu3]. At ambient temperature the reaction of [Ag(IPr)SitBu3] with an excess of EX3 yielded tBu3SiEX2 (E = B, Al; X = Cl, Br; E = Ga; X = Cl) and IPr·EX3 (EX3 = BCl3, BBr3, AlCl3, AlBr3, GaCl3). The identity of tBu3SiEX2 and IPr·EX3 was confirmed by comparison with authentic samples.
Same-Sex Parents Negotiating the Law in Italy: Between Claims of Recognition and Practices of Exclusion
Authors: Franchi Marina , Selmi Giulia
Published: February 2020

Italy represents a particular case in the panorama of Southern Europe; it is going through a very crucial moment when issues of sexual politics are at the forefront of the political and societal debate. Against the backdrop of the plurality of ways in which individuals arrange their intimate lives, the increased visibility in the public and political sphere of LGBT issues, and the de-traditionalisation of gendered relations, we are witnessing a strong, at times violent heterosexist/conservative backlash. Against this background LGB individuals organise their intimate lives, make reproductive choices and develop strategies to protect themselves and their most vulnerable next of kin. Drawing on qualitative interviews with gay and lesbian couples in Italy this chapter aims to investigate the intersection between the context and the ways in which individuals in same-sex relationships organise their intimate lives. It highlights the impact of the law and the socio-cultural context on the intimate choices of individuals, but also contribute to the growing body of literature that complicates the assimilation/disruption dyad and caution against the translatability of notions of heteronormativity and homonormativity.
Cyprus
Authors: Mavrikiou Petroula M.
Published: February 2020

The demographic challenge of an ageing population and the increasing diversity of working life call for a greater focus and deeper analysis of the opportunities and less favourable consequences of extended working lifepolicies. The 15th principle of The European Pillar of Social Rights (2017) emphasises that everyone in old age has the right to resources that ensure living in dignity. However, currently these rights are not ensured properly, as there are big differences concerning gender, health, and employment among older adults in many countries. This chapter discusses the gender and healthimplications of the extension of working life in Cyprus.
France
Authors: Rochut Julie , Ogg Jim
Published: February 2020

France is characterised by a low labour force participationrate after of the age of 60. Recent and current reforms aim to increase the working life: raising the legal retirement age and increasing the duration of insurance contributions to obtain a full pension. Women have more career breaks, higher rates of part-time work and therefore lower pensions than men. Workers in hazardous jobs or with long careers can under certain conditions retire earlier than the legal age of 62 years. The gender inequalities observed in early years of employment are exacerbated in the latter part of the working life.