bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GAN-Based Novel Approach for Generating Synthetic Medical Tabular Data
Authors: Nasimov Rashid , Nasimova Nigorakhon , Mirzakhalilov Sanjar , Tokdemir Gul , Rizwan Mohammad , Abdusalomov Akmalbek , Cho Young-Im
Published: December 2024

The generation of synthetic medical data has become a focal point for researchers, driven by the increasing demand for privacy-preserving solutions. While existing generative methods heavily rely on real datasets for training, access to such data is often restricted. In contrast, statistical information about these datasets is more readily available, yet current methods struggle to generate tabular data solely from statistical inputs. This study addresses the gaps by introducing a novel approach that converts statistical data into tabular datasets using a modified Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) architecture. A custom loss function was incorporated into the training process to enhance the quality of the generated data. The proposed method is evaluated using fidelity and utility metrics, achieving “Good” similarity and “Excellent” utility scores. While the generated data may not fully replace real databases, it demonstrates satisfactory performance for training machine-learning algorithms. This work provides a promising solution for synthetic data generation when real datasets are inaccessible, with potential applications in medical data privacy and beyond.
Direct On-Chip Diagnostics of Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus Complex in Bovine Mastitis Using Bioinformatics-Driven Portable qPCR
Authors: Kim Jaewook , Kim Eiseul , Yang Seung-Min , Park Si Hong , Kim Hae-Yeong
Published: December 2024

This study introduces an innovative on-site diagnostic method for rapidly detecting the Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex (SBSEC), crucial for livestock health and food safety. Through a comprehensive genomic analysis of 206 genomes, this study identified genetic markers that improved classification and addressed misclassifications, particularly in genomes labeled S. equinus and S. lutetiensis. These markers were integrated into a portable quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) that can detect SBSEC species with high sensitivity (down to 101 or 100 colony-forming units/mL). The portable system featuring a flat chip and compact equipment allows immediate diagnosis within 30 min. The diagnostic method was validated in field conditions directly from cattle udders, farm environments, and dairy products. Among the 100 samples, 51 tested positive for bacteria associated with mastitis. The performance of this portable qPCR was comparable to laboratory methods, offering a reliable alternative to whole-genome sequencing for early detection in clinical, agricultural, and environmental settings.
Assessing the Impact of the Leader Peptide in Protease Inhibition by the Microviridin Family of RiPPs
Authors: Stafford Jillian L. , Montoya Veronica K. , Bierman Jeffrey J. , Walker Mark C.
Published: December 2024

Background: Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) are a growing class of natural products biosynthesized from a genetically encoded precursor peptide. RiPPs have attracted attention for the ability to generate and screen libraries of these compounds for useful biological activities. To facilitate this screening, it is useful to be able to do so with the leader peptide still present. We assessed the suitability of the microviridin family for these screening experiments by determining their activity with the leader peptide still present. Methods: Modified precursor peptides with the leader present were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. Their ability to inhibit elastase was tested with a fluorogenic substrate. HPLC was used to monitor degradation of the modified precursor peptides by elastase. SDS-PAGE was used to determine the ability of immobilized modified precursor peptide to pull down elastase. Results: We found that the fully modified precursor peptide of microviridin B can inhibit the serine protease elastase with a low nanomolar IC50, and that the fully modified precursor with an N-terminal His-tag can mediate interactions between elastase and Ni-NTA resin, all indicating leader peptide removal is not necessary for microviridins to bind their target proteases. Additionally, we found that a bicyclic variant was able to inhibit elastase with the leader peptide still present, although with a roughly 100-fold higher IC50 and being subject to hydrolysis by elastase. Conclusions: These results open a pathway to screening libraries of microviridin variants for improved protease inhibition or other characteristics that can serve as, or as inspirations for, new pharmaceuticals.
Brain Imaging and Cognitive Deficits in Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Ding Yudan , Guo Wenbin
Published: December 2024

Over the last three decades, various neuroimaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI, and positron emission tomography (PET), have played an essential role in improving our understanding of the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders [...]
Analyzing the Impact of Responding to Joint Attention on the User Perception of the Robot in Human-Robot Interaction
Authors: García-Martínez Jesús , Gamboa-Montero Juan José , Castillo José Carlos , Castro-González Álvaro
Published: December 2024

The concept of joint attention holds significant importance in human interaction and is pivotal in establishing rapport, understanding, and effective communication. Within social robotics, enhancing user perception of the robot and promoting a sense of natural interaction with robots becomes a central element. In this sense, emulating human-centric qualities in social robots, such as joint attention, defined as the ability of two or more individuals to focus on a common event simultaneously, can increase their acceptability. This study analyses the impact on user perception of a responsive joint attention system integrated into a social robot within an interactive scenario. The experimental setup involves playing against the robot in the “Odds and Evens” game under two conditions: whether the joint attention system is active or inactive. Additionally, auditory and visual distractors are employed to simulate real-world distractions, aiming to test the system’s ability to capture and follow user attention effectively. To assess the influence of the joint attention system, participants completed the Robotic Social Attributes Scale (RoSAS) after each interaction. The results showed a significant improvement in user perception of the robot’s competence and warmth when the joint attention system was active.
IoT Forensics-Based on the Integration of a Permissioned Blockchain Network
Authors: Mbimbi Butrus , Murray David , Wilson Michael
Published: December 2024

The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has facilitated the exchange of information among individuals and devices. This development has introduced several challenges, including increased vulnerability to potential cyberattacks and digital forensics. IoT forensic investigations need to be managed in a forensically sound manner using a standard framework. However, adopting traditional digital forensics tools introduces various challenges, such as identifying all IoT devices and users at the crime scene. Therefore, collecting evidence from these devices is a major problem. This paper proposes a permissioned blockchain integration solution for IoT forensics (PBCIS-IoTF) that aims to observe data transactions within the blockchain. The PBCIS-IoTF framework designs and tests Hyperledger blockchains simulated with a Raspberry Pi device and chaincode to address the challenges of IoT forensics. This blockchain is deployed using multiple nodes within the network to avoid a single point of failure. The authenticity and integrity of the acquired evidence are analysed by comparing the SHA-256 hash metadata in the blockchain of all peers within the network. We further integrate webpage access with the blockchain to capture the forensics data from the user’s IoT devices. This allows law enforcement and a court of law to access forensic evidence directly and ensures its authenticity and integrity. PBCIS-IoTF shows high authenticity and integrity across all peers within the network.
Exploring Metal Cluster Interactions with Functionalized Graphene via Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Roldán-Matilla Miriam , Cerpa-Naranjo Arisbel , Lado-Touriño Isabel
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the interaction between copper (Cu) and silver (Ag) clusters and graphene-based materials using molecular dynamics simulations. It focuses on how graphene oxidation and aminated polyethylene glycol (PEG-NH2) functionalization influence interaction strength and cluster dynamics. The analysis includes pristine graphene (PG), low-oxidized graphene oxide (GOL), and PEGylated graphene oxide (GO-PEG-NH2). The results reveal that clusters on PG exhibit high mobility, while GO-PEG-NH2 significantly restricts mobility due to strong interactions, as evidenced by highly negative interaction energies. GO-PEG-NH2 systems also display pronounced subdiffusive behavior (α < 1), indicating strong binding and constrained motion. These findings underscore the critical role of PEG-NH2 functionalization in controlling cluster diffusion, paving the way for innovative designs in biomedical and catalytic nanocarrier applications.
Employment of Fe3O4/Fe2TiO5/TiO2 Composite Made Using Ilmenite for Elimination of Methylene Blue
Authors: Gunathilaka Himasha , Thambiliyagodage Charitha
Published: December 2024

A novel material was created from natural ilmenite sand, and methylene blue (MB) was used to test the material’s capacity to remove colors from wastewater. The material was synthesized by neutralizing the acid leachate obtained by Ilmenite sand digestion, followed by drying at 180 °C. It was characterized by XRD, Raman, TEM, SEM, XPS, XRF, and BET techniques. The crystal nature of the composite is Fe3O4/Fe2TiO5/TiO2. The surface area, average pore size and total pore volume of the composite are 292.18 m2/g, 1.53 nm, and 0.202 cc/g, respectively. At pH 10, 10 mg/L MB, and 10 mg of the material resulted in a maximum adsorption capacity of 24.573 mg/g. Using 5 mg/L increments, the dye concentration was adjusted between 10 and 25 mg/L, yielding equilibrium adsorption capacities of 24.573, 31.012, 41.443, and 52.259 mg/g with 10, 15, 20, and 25 mg/L, respectively. The greatest adsorbent capacity of 24.573 mg/g was achieved with 10 mg of the adsorbent and 10 mg/L MB. The adsorbent dosage ranged from 10, 25, 45, 65, and 100 mg. MB was adsorbed via pseudo-second-order kinetics with an adsorption capacity of 24.863 mg/g. The intraparticle diffusion model showed that MB adsorption occurs in three stages, with intra-particle diffusion constants of 1.50, 2.71, 3.38, and 4.41 g/mg min1/2. Adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm model. The obtained thermodynamic parameters ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS were −27.5521 kJ/mol at 298 K, 2.571 kJ/mol, and 0.101 kJ/mol, respectively. Regeneration studies of the adsorbent were carried out for five cycles, indicating some activity loss after each cycle.
Assessment of the Diagnostic Performance of MUAC in Malnutrition Screening and Its Correlation with Other Anthropometric Indicators in Healthy Children and Adolescents
Authors: Durukan Hatice Esra , Dörtkardeşler Burçe Emine , Tosyalı Merve , Gökçe Şule , Kurugöl Nuri Zafer , Koç Feyza
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the correlation of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) z-scores with body mass index (BMI) and weight-for-height (WFH) z-scores to determine its reliability in identifying malnutrition and its potential in clinical practice in healthy children and adolescents. Methods: Our study included 906 healthy children and adolescents aged between 2 months and 18 years who were admitted to University Hospital’s General Pediatrics Clinic and attended 12 primary schools in 6 additional Izmir provinces. Anthropometric measurements (weight, length/standing height, MUAC, BMI, WFH) were performed. The relationship between MUAC z-scores, BMI, and WFH z-scores of cases with malnutrition were evaluated. Results: According to the WHO BMI z-score classification, 6 (0.7%) of the children were defined as having severe undernutrition, 43 (4.7%) as moderate undernutrition, 146 (16.1%) as mild undernutrition, 486 (53.6%) as normal, 142 (15.7%) as overweight, and 83 (9.2%) as obese. At any age over two years, fair agreement was observed between MUAC z-scores and WHO BMI z-scores in defining malnutrition alone compared to other growth measures (weighted kappa = 0.371). Under two years of age, the correlation between MUAC z-scores and BMI z-scores showed moderate agreement in detecting overweight and obesity (weighted kappa = 0.479), and between MUAC and WHO WFH z-scores showed moderate agreement (kappa = 0.252). Conclusions: The study found a moderate and fair connection between MUAC z-scores and other criteria. However, further MUAC z-score screening and diagnostic power testing in larger pediatric populations are needed to validate its use alongside other key anthropometric indicators in malnutrition diagnosis. MUAC measurement should be popularized in routine pediatric outpatient clinics to detect malnutrition quickly.
Association Between Long Term Exposure to PM2.5 and Its Components on Severe Obesity in Chinese Children and Adolescents: A National Study in China
Authors: Guo Tongjun , Chen Tianjiao , Chen Li , Liu Jieyu , Song Xinli , Zhang Yi , Wang Ruolin , Jiang Jianuo , Qin Yang , Dong Ziqi , Zhang Dengcheng , Song Zhiying , Yuan Wen , Dong Yanhui , Song Yi , Ma Jun
Published: December 2024

Background: The aim of this study was to explore the association between long-term exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) and its components and severe obesity in children and adolescents. Methods: Data for children and adolescents aged 9–18 in this cross-sectional study were obtained from the 2019 Chinese National Survey on Students’ Constitution and Health (CNSSCH). Data for PM2.5 and its components were obtained from the Tracking Air Pollution in China (TAP) dataset and matched with information on these children. Logistic regression models were used to assess the risk of severe obesity associated with long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its components. Results: A total of 160,205 children were included in the analysis. Long-term exposure to PM2.5 may increase the odds of severe childhood obesity, with this effect being more pronounced in girls. Among boys, the component with the most significant impact on severe obesity was organic matter (OM). The impact of PM2.5 and its components on severe obesity was greater in children from low economic and low parental education level households. Children with unhealthy lifestyle habits have higher odds of severe obesity due to long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its components. Conclusions: The findings of this research support the development of strategies aimed at addressing severe obesity in children, suggesting that adopting healthy lifestyle practices could mitigate the odds of severe obesity due to PM2.5 and its components. There is a need for an increased focus on children in economically underdeveloped areas and those with unhealthy lifestyle habits, particularly those in rural areas and those who do not engage in adequate physical activity or get enough sleep.
A Review of the Application of Artificial Intelligence in Climate Change-Induced Flooding—Susceptibility and Management Techniques
Authors: David Adekunle Olorunlowo , Ndambuki Julius Musyoka , Muloiwa Mpho , Kupolati Williams Kehinde , Snyman Jacques
Published: December 2024

A fresh paradigm for classifying current studies on flood management systems is proposed in this review. The literature has examined methods for managing different flood management activities from a variety of fields, such as machine learning, image processing, data analysis, and remote sensing. Prediction, detection, mapping, evacuation, and relief efforts are all part of flood management. This can be improved by adopting state-of-the-art tools and technology. Preventing floods and ensuring a prompt response after floods is crucial to ensuring the lowest number of fatalities as well as minimizing environmental and financial damages. The following noteworthy research questions are addressed by the framework: (1) What are the main methods used in flood control? (2) Which stages of flood management are the majority of research currently in existence focused on? (3) Which systems are being suggested to address issues with flood control? (4) In the literature, what are the research gaps regarding the use of technology for flood management? To classify the many technologies that have been studied, a framework for classification has been provided for flood management. It was found that there were few hybrid models for flood control that combined machine learning and image processing. Furthermore, it was discovered that there was little use of machine learning-based techniques in the aftermath of a disaster. To provide efficient and comprehensive disaster management, future efforts must concentrate on integrating image processing methods, machine learning technologies, and the understanding of disaster management across all phases. The study has proposed the use of Generative Artificial Intelligence.
Challenges in Implementing Comprehensive Precision Medicine Screening for Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Moffitt Laura R. , Karimnia Nazanin , Wilson Amy L. , Stephens Andrew N. , Ho Gwo-Yaw , Bilandzic Maree
Published: December 2024

Precision medicine has revolutionised targeted cancer treatments; however, its implementation in ovarian cancer remains challenging. Diverse tumour biology and extensive heterogeneity in ovarian cancer can limit the translatability of genetic profiling and contribute to a lack of biomarkers of treatment response. This review addresses the barriers in precision medicine for ovarian cancer, including obtaining adequate and representative tissue samples for analysis, developing functional and standardised screening methods, and navigating data infrastructure and management. Ethical concerns related to patient consent, data privacy and health equity are also explored. We highlight the socio-economic complexities for precision medicine and propose strategies to overcome these challenges with an emphasis on accessibility and education amongst patients and health professionals and the development of regulatory frameworks to support clinical integration. Interdisciplinary collaboration is essential to drive progress in precision medicine to improve disease management and ovarian cancer patient outcomes.
International Perspectives on Assistive Technologies for Autism and Intellectual Disabilities: Findings from a Delphi Study
Authors: Tsvetkova Paulina , Sousa Carla , Beiderbeck Daniel , Kochanowicz Aneta M. , Gerazov Branislav , Agius May , Przybyła Tomasz , Hoxha Merita , Tkaczyk Alan H.
Published: December 2024

Advancements in Assistive Technologies (ATs) have significantly improved the quality of life and autonomy for people with intellectual disabilities and autistic individuals, enhancing education, social interaction, employment, and mental health. Nevertheless, several barriers still emerge in the daily implementation of such technologies, highlighting the need to explore them in depth. Using a two-round Delphi method, we conducted a research study with an expert panel of 284 participants from 31 European countries, collecting quantitative and qualitative data. We tested ten future-oriented projections and gathered insights on participants’ backgrounds and attitudes towards ATs for this demographic. To enhance representation, experts from academia, service providers, industry, and disability organizations, as well as individuals with disabilities and their families, were included. Although the findings show strong consensus among experts on the positive impact and desirability of ATs for promoting the social inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities and autistic individuals, they also reveal differing perceptions across expert groups and identify two distinct future scenarios linked to different cultural, social, and economic hindrances. In this sense, our study provides diverse global perspectives, with the potential to help governing bodies understand the expectations, concerns, and needs related to ATs for often underrepresented groups–people with intellectual disabilities and autistic individuals in this case.
W-Class States—Identification and Quantification of Bell-CHSH Inequalities’ Violation
Authors: Kalaga Joanna K. , Leoński Wiesław , Peřina Jan
Published: December 2024

We discuss a family of W-class states describing three-qubit systems. For such systems, we analyze the relations between the entanglement measures and the nonlocality parameter for a two-mode mixed state related to the two-qubit subsystem. We find the conditions determining the boundary values of the negativity, parameterized by concurrence, for violating the Bell-CHSH inequality. Additionally, we derive the value ranges of the mixedness measure, parameterized by concurrence and negativity for the qubit–qubit mixed state, guaranteeing the violation and non-violation of the Bell-CHSH inequality.
Soil and Sediment Organisms as Bioindicators of Pollution
Authors: Ghannem Samir , Bacha Ons , Fkiri Sondes , Kanzari Sabri , Aydi Abdelwaheb , Touaylia Samir
Published: December 2024

This review examines the role of soil and sediment organisms as bioindicators in environmental pollution assessment. As fundamental elements of terrestrial ecosystems, soils harbour a rich and diverse biodiversity that plays a key role in regulating ecological processes. The use of bioindicators provides a sensitive and specific approach to detecting the effects of chemical, biological, and physical pollutants on soil health. The review presents a detailed analysis of the types of contaminants commonly encountered, the soil organisms used as bioindicators, and the criteria for selecting the most appropriate bioindicators. It also discusses assessment methods, including soil sampling and analysis techniques, and the biological and ecological indices used to measure contamination. Regional case studies illustrate the practical application of bioindicators for assessing soil quality in different geographical contexts. The review also highlights current challenges to the use of bioindicators, such as technical limitations and the variability of organism responses, and suggests perspectives for future research, including technological innovation and the integration of bioindicators into environmental policy.
Integrating Energy Generation and Demand in the Design and Operation Optimization of Energy Communities
Authors: Carraro Gianluca , Dal Cin Enrico , Rech Sergio
Published: December 2024

The optimization of the energy system serving users’ aggregations at urban level, such as Energy Communities, is commonly addressed by optimizing separately the set of energy conversion and storage systems from the scheduling of energy demand. Conversely, this paper proposes an integrated approach to include the demand side in the design and operation optimization of the energy system of an Energy Community. The goal is to evaluate the economic, energetic, and environmental benefits when users with different demands are aggregated, and different degrees of flexibility of their electricity demand are considered. The optimization is based on a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming approach and is solved multiple times by varying (i) the share of each type of user (residential, commercial, and office), (ii) the allowed variation of the hourly electricity demand, and (iii) the maximum permitted CO2 emissions. Results show that an hourly flexibility of up to 50% in electricity demand reduces the overall system cost and the amount of energy withdrawn from the grid by up to 25% and 31%, respectively, compared to a non-flexible system. Moreover, the aggregation of users whose demands match well with electricity generation from renewable sources can reduce CO2 emissions by up to 30%.
Basic Theory and Applications of Oil and Gas Pipeline Non-Destructive Testing Methods
Authors: Wang Yuqin , Song Fei , Feng Qingshan , Qiao Weibiao , Dong Shaohua , Jiang Yangyang , Ma Qianli
Published: December 2024

In recent years, with the increasing construction mileage of oil and gas pipelines (OGPs), the aging problem of OGPs has become increasingly prominent, so, ensuring the safety of OGPs is of great significance. In addition, the safety of OGP transportation is also an important component of pipeline integrity. Therefore, to ensure the safety of OGP transportation, regular OGP inspections should be carried out. During this process, defects in the OGP and measured wall thickness information should be recorded to provide a basis for subsequent pipeline repair or replacement. This study analyzes the literature on pipeline testing and reviews approximately eighty articles. Based on these articles, we summarize the types of common OGP defects and review the basic principles of various non-destructive testing methods for pipelines, including electromagnetic acoustic transducer inspection, magnetic flux leakage testing, ultrasonic testing, and eddy current testing. We also provide a detailed introduction to the applications and innovative testing methods based on the above OGP inspection methods. Finally, an analysis and outlook on the future research focus of OGP inspection technology are presented. This research suggests that different detection methods should be used for different types of defects, such as using the magnetic leakage method for the internal detection of natural gas pipelines.
Thermodynamic Analysis and Optimization of Power Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery
Authors: Maksimov Igor , Kindra Vladimir , Vegera Andrey , Rogalev Andrey , Rogalev Nikolay
Published: December 2024

Improvement of energy efficiency in technological processes at industrial enterprises is one of the key areas of energy saving. Reduction of energy costs required for the production of energy-intensive products can be achieved through the utilization of waste heat produced by high-temperature thermal furnace units. Generation of electric power based on the waste heat using power cycles with working fluids that are not conventional for large power engineering, may become a promising energy saving trend. In this paper, thermodynamic analysis and optimization of power cycles for the purposes of waste heat recovery are performed. The efficiency of combining several power cycles was also evaluated. It has been established that the combination of the Brayton recompression cycle on supercritical carbon dioxide with the organic Rankine cycle using R124 allows for greater electrical power than steam-power cycles with three pressure circuits under conditions where the gas temperature is in the range of 300–550 °C and the cooling temperature of is up to 80 °C. Additionally, when cooling gases with a high sulfur and moisture content to 150 °C, the combined cycle has greater electrical power at gas temperatures of 330 °C and above. At enterprises where the coolant has a high content of sulfur compounds or moisture and deep cooling of gases will lead to condensation, for example, at petrochemical and non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises, the use of combined cycles can ensure a utilization efficiency of up to 45%.
Short-Term Photovoltaic Power Forecasting Using PV Data and Sky Images in an Auto Cross Modal Correlation Attention Multimodal Framework
Authors: Pan Chen , Liu Yuqiao , Oh Yeonjae , Lim Changgyoon
Published: December 2024

The accurate prediction of photovoltaic (PV) power generation is crucial for improving virtual power plant (VPP) efficiency and power system stability. However, short-term PV power forecasting remains highly challenging due to the significant impact of weather changes, especially the complexity of cloud motion. To this end, this paper proposes an end-to-end innovative deep learning framework for data fusion based on multimodal learning, which utilizes a new auto cross modal correlation attention (ACMCA) mechanism designed in this paper for feature extraction and fusion by combining historical PV power generation time-series data and sky image data, thereby enhancing the model’s prediction performance under complex weather conditions. In this paper, the effectiveness of the proposed model was verified through a large number of experiments, and the experimental results showed that the model’s forecast skill (FS) reached 24.2% under all weather conditions 15 min in advance, and 24.32% under cloudy conditions with the largest fluctuations. This paper also compared the model with a variety of existing unimodal and multimodal models, respectively. The experimental results showed that the model in this paper outperformed other benchmark methods in all indices under different weather conditions, demonstrating stronger adaptability and robustness.
Ears, Nose, and Throat in Leukemias and Lymphomas
Authors: Samara Pinelopi , Athanasopoulos Michail , Athanasopoulos Ioannis
Published: December 2024

Leukemias and lymphomas, encompassing a spectrum of hematologic malignancies, often exhibit manifestations in various tissues and organs, including the ears, nose, and throat (ENT) region, extending beyond the typical sites of bone marrow and lymph nodes. This manuscript explores these interactions, considering disease-related symptoms and treatment effects. ENT symptoms, such as otalgia, hearing loss, and nasal obstruction, may arise from direct infiltration or treatment complications, with chemotherapy-induced ototoxicity being particularly characteristic. Furthermore, immunotherapy complications, including cytokine release syndrome and mucosal irritation, can also contribute to ENT symptoms. Additionally, targeted therapy and radiotherapy can lead to mucosal dryness, dysphonia, and radiation-induced otitis media. Patients with hematologic malignancies are especially vulnerable to various ENT infections, including bacterial, viral, and fungal infections, due to compromised immunity resulting from both the disease and its treatments. Conditions such as rhinosinusitis, otitis media, and pharyngitis pose significant management challenges. Moreover, patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) face unique ENT considerations, including mucositis, opportunistic infections, and graft-versus-host disease in cases of allogeneic HSCT. These patients require specialized pre-transplant evaluations, meticulous post-transplant surveillance, and tailored assistance to mitigate complications. This manuscript underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach that integrates diagnostics, pharmacological interventions, and supportive care to address both disease-related and treatment-induced ENT manifestations. Further research is needed to refine management strategies and improve outcomes in this complex clinical population.
The Discourse of Courtly Love in Medieval Verse Narratives
Authors: Classen Albrecht
Published: December 2024

This encyclopedic entry explores the vast field of courtly love poetry, romance, and other related genres, tracing the development of this topic across medieval Europe and discussing some of the major contributors. The focus rests on the element of discourse because so many different poets have made their voices heard and debated from many different perspectives the meaning, impact, and consequence of courtly love on the individual in ethical, social, moral, religious, economic, and even political terms. Courtly love is to be understood as a literary discourse on the mostly esoteric pursuit of love as a way of life for members of the high medieval aristocracy, finding vivid expression in poetry, short verse narratives, and romances.
Osteogenesis and Embryogenesis in Zebrafish Embryo Is Differentially Modulated by Solvents and Prednisolone
Authors: Carnovali Marta , Banfi Giuseppe , Mariotti Massimo
Published: December 2024

Several molecules and extracts are known to have bone-specific effects. For example, the long-term use of glucocorticoids like prednisolone causes several negative effects including a loss of bone mass. Molecules like prednisolone are usually dissolved in organic solvent which are known to be toxic for zebrafish embryo in certain concentrations. Nevertheless, solvents like dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethanol and methanol have never been tested for specific skeletal effects during development in dose-dependency. Vitality assay, live fluorescence and bone-specific staining were used to evaluate solvents effects compared to prednisolone. DMSO, ethanol and methanol perturb osteogenesis starting from 1%, 1.5% and 3% respectively, concentrations in which vasculature, length and survival rate appear unaffected. This effect may be due to high sensitivity of the osteogenesis process to external chemical stimuli, especially in the trunk. On the contrary, the negative effect of prednisolone on skeletal development appears more specific since it is found at very low concentrations, far from any other developmental defects. The recommended solvent concentration to be used in zebrafish embryos osteogenesis assay was established in 0.5% for DMSO, 2% for methanol and 0.5% for ethanol. We recommend analyzing both head and trunk mineralization in zebrafish embryo osteogenesis assay.
Bioaccessibility and Functional Food Potential of Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. Against Diabetes-Induced Kidney Disorders
Authors: Barak Timur Hakan , Kurt-Celep İnci , Celep Engin
Published: December 2024

Various species from the genus Equisetum are recorded as food and folk medicine against both kidney complications and diabetes. Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. is documented as a folk remedy in Türkiye against several kidney disorders. This study was designed to evaluate the possible protective mechanisms of E. telmateia EtOH extract (ETE) against kidney disorders and diabetes through different routes, such as the prevention of ROS formation, inhibitory potential against various DM-related enzymes, and a reduction in the amount of the mediators leading to disorders in both systems at the cellular level. The objective was to achieve advanced precision for in vitro results while considering the effect of GIS on oral consumption. Both phytochemical and bioactivity studies were conducted before and after simulated digestion. The results showed that ETE is a rich source of flavonoids and phenolic acids. In addition, it has significant antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potential. Treatment also yielded promising results at the cellular level for both antioxidative and inhibitor proteins, which may play a role in the pathogenesis of kidney disorders and diabetes. Following the in vitro digestion procedure, both the number of phytochemical ingredients and bioactivity parameters showed a considerable decreasing trend; however, the results are still significant enough to justify the traditional utilization of the genus Equisetum. This investigation demonstrated that ETE has noteworthy potential as a functional food for protection against diabetic kidney disease.
Probiotic Microorganisms in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Live Biotherapeutics as Food
Authors: Santos Emanuelle Natalee , Magalhães-Guedes Karina Teixeira , Borges Fernando Elias de Melo , Ferreira Danton Diego , da Silva Daniele Ferreira , Conceição Pietro Carlos Gonçalves , Lima Ana Katerine de Carvalho , Cardoso Lucas Guimarães , Umsza-Guez Marcelo Andrés , Ramos Cíntia Lacerda
Published: December 2024

(1) Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by chronic and complex inflammatory processes of the digestive tract that evolve with frequent relapses and manifest at any age; they predominantly affect young individuals. Diet plays a direct role in maintaining the gut mucosal integrity and immune function. Regarding the diet, the administration of probiotics stands out. The use of probiotics for IBD treatment has shown promising effects on consumers’ quality of life. (2) Methods: This study aimed to conduct a literature review on the effects of probiotic and smart probiotic ingestion on IBD and analyze the available literature based on the searched keywords using boxplot diagrams to search for scientific data in the online literature published up to October 2024. (3) Results: Google Scholar (containing ~6 × 106 articles) and Science Direct (containing ~5 × 106 articles) were the databases with the highest number of articles for the keywords used in the study. When analyzing the content of the articles, although probiotic microorganisms are currently not part of the standard treatment protocol for IBD, these live biotherapeutics have proven to be an effective treatment option, considering the adverse effects of conventional therapies. Furthermore, the development of genetically engineered probiotics or smart probiotics is a promising treatment for IBD. (4) Conclusions: Probiotics and smart probiotics could represent the future of nutritional medicine in IBD care, allowing patients to be treated in a more natural, safe, effective, and nutritious way. However, although many studies have demonstrated the potential of this biotherapy, clinical trials standardizing dosage and strains are still necessary.
Multiresidue Methods Analysis to Detect Contamination of Selected Metals in Honey and Pesticides in Honey and Pollen
Authors: Casula Mattia , Corrias Francesco , Atzei Alessandro , Milia Massimo , Arru Nicola , Satta Alberto , Floris Ignazio , Pusceddu Michelina , Angioni Alberto
Published: December 2024

Honey, a natural food with a rich history, is produced by honeybees and other species of bees from nectar, other plant fluids, and honeydew of sap-sucking insects. During foraging, these bees may be exposed to plant protection products (PPPs), metals, and metalloids, potentially leading to residues in honey and hive products that could have a negative impact on human safety. Recognizing the lack of an appropriate methodology for pesticide contamination of honey and other hive products, this research aims to support the need for studies on residues in pollen and bee products for human consumption to establish safe maximum residue levels (MRLs) for consumers. A UHPLC-MS/MS residues method and a modified QuEChERS extraction were applied to simultaneously determine 237 pesticide residues in honey and pollen. The study in North Sardinia analyzed honey and pollen samples from six areas for pesticide residues and verified 27 heavy metals and metalloid residues using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). The data obtained showed residues at levels close to the LOQ of the method, cycloate in a few samples of pollen, and dichlorvos, zoxamide, cycloate, and chlorantraniliprole in honey samples. All samples showed the absence of heavy metal contamination. Overall, no risk to human health was identified. The results of this study confirm that honey and pollen may be a good bioindicator of environmental contamination of a wide area surrounding honeybee hives.
Hydration Mechanisms of Gelled Paste Backfills for Potash Mines Using Lime as a Gel Material
Authors: Jin Rongzhen , Wang Xue , Ma Xuming , Huo Huimin , Zhang Siqi , Li Jiajie , Ni Wen
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates the flow performance and mechanical properties of underground gelled filling materials made from potash mine tailings, using lime as a gel. It demonstrates the feasibility of using lime as a gel, potash mine tailings as aggregate, and replacing water with potash mine tailings to create filling materials that meet design requirements for flow and compressive strength. The role of lime in the hardening process is explored through X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and infrared analysis. Results show that hydration products vary with lime dosage. With 9% lime (L9), the products are primarily ghiaraite (CaCl2·4H2O) and carnallite (KMgCl3·6H2O); with 5% lime (L5), tachyhydrite (CaMg2Cl6·12H2O) predominates, along with minor amounts of antarcticite (CaCl2·6H2O) and korshunovskite (Mg2Cl(OH)3·4H2O); and with 2.6% lime (L2.6), the products include tachyhydrite, ghiaraite, bischofite (MgCl2·6H2O), and korshunovskite. These hydration products form a dense, interwoven structure, enhancing the strength of the filling material. This study offers a theoretical foundation for using lime gel as a filling material in potash mining, with significant implications for sustainable mining practices.
“From Waste to Wonder”: Comparative Evaluation of Chinese Cabbage Waste and Banana Peel Derived Hydrogels on Soil Water Retention Performance
Authors: Xie Yufan , Zhong Yuan , Wu Jun , Fang Shiwei , Cai Liqun , Li Minjun , Cao Jun , Zhao Hejie , Dong Bo
Published: December 2024

Under the increasing severity of drought issues and the urgent need for the resourceful utilization of agricultural waste, this study aimed to compare the soil water retention properties of hydrogels prepared from Chinese cabbage waste (CW) and banana peel (BP) using grafting techniques with acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AAm). Free radical polymerization was initiated with ammonium persulfate (APS), and N, N′-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) served as the crosslinking agent to fabricate the grafted polymer hydrogels. The hydrogels were subjected to detailed evaluations of their water absorption, reusability, and water retention capabilities through indoor experiments. The optimal hydrogel was identified and its applicability in wheat seedling growth was assessed. The findings revealed that the CW-gel, with an equilibrium swelling ratio of 551.8 g/g in ultrapure water, demonstrated remarkable performance and sustained a high water retention of 57.6% even after drying, which was markedly superior to that of the BP-gel. The CW-gel with the best comprehensive properties significantly improved water retention in sandy soil by 78.2% and prolonged the retention time by five days, indicating its potential for long-term irrigation management. In contrast, the BP-gel showed better performance in clay soil, with an increased water-holding capacity of 43.3%. The application of a 1.5% CW-gel concentration under drought stress significantly improved wheat seedling growth, highlighting the role of hydrogels in agriculture and providing a new path for sustainable water resource management in dryland farming.
Psychotherapeutic Interventions for Depressive Symptoms in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Authors: Morgado Bruno , Silva Celso , Agostinho Inês , Brás Filipe , Amaro Pedro , Lusquinhos Leonel , Silva Maria Revés , Fonseca Cesar , Albacar-Riobóo Núria , Guedes de Pinho Lara
Published: December 2024

The global ageing population faces rising depression rates due to social, economic, and health changes. Depression in older adults, often linked to isolation and health issues, requires comprehensive care. Psychotherapeutic interventions could be effective in reducing symptoms, offering personalized and holistic support. Particularly low-threshold interventions, such as those offered in community-dwelling older adults, which older adults can easily access and which may reduce stigma, promise to close the treatment gap. This review examines community-based psychotherapeutic interventions for older adults with depression. Methods: This review investigates psychotherapeutic interventions for reducing depressive symptoms in older adults in a community setting. RCTs were assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute tools. The following databases were searched: CINAHL Plus with Full Text, MedicLatina, MEDLINE with Full Text, and the Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection. Results: A meta-analysis of 13 studies with 1528 participants showed a medium, significant pooled effect size at post-intervention (Hedges’ g = −0.36, p < 0.001) and substantial heterogeneity. Follow-up analysis of studies indicated a small, non-significant effect (Hedges’ g = −0.17, p = 0.27). Group interventions, particularly the “reminiscence protocol”, had the largest significant effect. Discussion: This systematic review and meta-analysis found that in community-dwelling older adults’ group psychotherapeutic interventions, particularly the “reminiscence protocol” and “modified behavioral activation treatment” are most effective for reducing depressive symptoms. Individual psychotherapeutic interventions like “prevention of suicide in primary care elderly” and “behavioral activation” also show effectiveness, with group psychotherapeutic interventions being generally more effective than when these treatments are offered in individual psychotherapeutic interventions. Conclusion: Group and individual psychotherapeutic interventions reduce depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults, with group psychotherapeutic interventions being more effective.
The Role of Cardiac Rehabilitation in Promoting Lifestyle Modification Among Cardiovascular Patients: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Kim Chul , Hong Jung Hwa , Lee Jang Woo
Published: December 2024

Background: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is crucial for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease, primarily by promoting lifestyle modifications. However, its impact on lifestyle changes in the Korean population has not been well studied. This study analyzed data from the National Health Insurance Database to evaluate the effect of CR on lifestyle improvement in patients with cardiovascular disease. Methods: Patients who underwent coronary revascularization in 2017 were included. This study investigated whether the lifestyle habits of patients with cardiovascular disease who were physically inactive, obese, and smoked improved after coronary revascularization. To analyze whether CR affected each lifestyle factor, multiple regression analysis was performed, adjusting for socioeconomic and medical conditions as covariates. Results: CR had a significant effect on the acquisition of regular physical activity among physically inactive patients before revascularization (odds ratio [OR]: 1.205, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.046–1.389). However, CR did not have a significant impact on smoking cessation in smokers (OR: 1.172, 95% CI: 0.890–1.545) and weight reduction in patients with obesity (OR: 1.104, 95% CI: 0.977–1.248). Conclusion: This nationwide study showed that CR after coronary revascularization significantly improved physical activity in patients with cardiovascular disease. However, CR had no significant effect on smoking cessation or weight reduction, indicating a need for more comprehensive approaches to address these lifestyle factors.
Artificial Intelligence in Nursing: Technological Benefits to Nurse’s Mental Health and Patient Care Quality
Authors: Dailah Hamad Ghaleb , Koriri Mahdi , Sabei Alhussean , Kriry Turky , Zakri Mohammed
Published: December 2024

Nurses are frontline caregivers who handle heavy workloads and high-stakes activities. They face several mental health issues, including stress, burnout, anxiety, and depression. The welfare of nurses and the standard of patient treatment depends on resolving this problem. Artificial intelligence is revolutionising healthcare, and its integration provides many possibilities in addressing these concerns. This review examines literature published over the past 40 years, concentrating on AI integration in nursing for mental health support, improved patient care, and ethical issues. Using databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar, a thorough search was conducted with Boolean operators, narrowing results for relevance. Critically examined were publications on artificial intelligence applications in patient care ethics, mental health, and nursing and mental health. The literature examination revealed that, by automating repetitive chores and improving workload management, artificial intelligence (AI) can relieve mental health challenges faced by nurses and improve patient care. Practical implications highlight the requirement of using rigorous implementation strategies that address ethical issues, data privacy, and human-centred decision-making. All changes must direct the integration of artificial intelligence in nursing to guarantee its sustained and significant influence on healthcare.