bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification and Photodegradation of Red Pigment from Serratia marcesce zl3
Authors: Zhou Lin , Zhu Shuang , Dong Xin Huai
Published: March 2015

Present study was aimed to identify and isolate the red pigment from Serratia marcesce zl3, and to investigate the factors affecting on the light stability of the purified red pigment. Silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography were used for purification, identification was done by TLC, UV, FTIR and HPLC-MS techniques. The effect of pH and light intensity on the light stability of the purified red pigment prodigiosin was analyzed by TLC, UV and HPLC. The stability of identified prodigiosin pigment at pH 1, 3, 5 was superior to that at pH 7, 10, 14 according to the determination of OD535. Significant level of degradation of the prodigiosin was observed for 24 h, using 10 klx continuous white light. The effect of pH to the stability of prodidgiosin was partly reversible, while the degradation of prodigiosin under 4, 10, 20 klx white light was irreversible.
Screening and Control Effects of Antagonistic Bacteria against Tobacco Black Shank Disease
Authors: Yu Hui Ping , Luo Ding Qi , Dai Yuan Feng , Chen Xue
Published: March 2015

We collected 17 soil samples from tobacco fields in Bijie City, Guizhou Province, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province. A total of 247 bacterial strains were isolated and 19 pairs of antagonism against Phytophthora nicotianae by tablet dual culture. Then six antagonistic and compatibility better bacterial strains were selected.. Further by antibacterial, pot and field experiments, come to the strain combination B41B57 and L7L47 have best inhibitory effect. At last, identified B41 as Bacillus subtilis, L7, L47 is B.amyloliquefaciens, B57 is Pseudomonas.putida by morphological observation, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16SrDNA sequence analysis.
Frost Damage Mechanism Analysis and Preventive Measures of Bridge
Authors: Yang Xiu Hua
Published: March 2015

In order to guarantee the safety and smooth of road traffic in low temperature season, deicing salt is usually adopted to solute the problem of bridge deck snow. However, the frequent use of de-icing salt causes the salt frozen erosion damage of concrete, at the same time, it induces to internal corrosion of steel bars and concrete material performance, furthermore, it will also result in the bridge structure durability degradation, shorten the service life of the bridge. Aiming at this phenomenon, this paper analyzes the mechanism of concrete frost damage, and put forward the corresponding prevention measures.
The Research of Highway Construction Safety Management Based on Fuzzy Evaluation
Authors: Wan Wen , Yu Jun Qi , Zhao Jiang Ping
Published: March 2015

According to the situation of high frequent accidents and supervision difficulties in highway construction project. The fuzzy evaluation model for the affecting factors of highway construction accidents was established. Through safety analysis on many accidents, it was considered that highway construction accidents were commonly affected by workers’ unsafe behavior, unsafe condition, environmental risk and management. Then the weight of relative factors were determined. Finally the highway construction safety management evaluation was built. It shows that this method is reasonable and handled, which provides a good thought for the scientific, quantitative and available evaluation of highway construction safety management.
Evaluation of Personnel Underground Behavior Safety for Metal Mines Based on Grey Relevance Analysis
Authors: Hu Lin Ru , Li Guo Qing
Published: March 2015

In order to describe the influential factors of personnel underground behavior safety in metal mines scientifically, pointedly strengthen the safety precautions and decrease the accidents, personnel underground behavior safety characters and influential factors have been analyzed systematically. Furthermore, researches on the quantified degree of influence to personnel underground behavior safety of each factor have been done in this thesis. Complex comprehensive influences of multiple factors including personnel-self, mechanical equipment, production environment and management have been obtained based on safety evaluation system of man-machine-environment, therefore model for evaluating personnel underground safety behavior by grey relevance analysis has been built up to compare and analyze personnel behavior safety quantifiably, so that the primary and secondary factors have been found out finally. The model has been applied to one metal mine to analyze recent human-caused accidents due to human factors which reveals that factors of production environment and management have greater influence, and this conforms to actual production and safety state in our country.
Applying AQUATOX to Simulate the Response of Eutrophic State to Nutrient Input in Yincun Port River
Authors: Wei Xing Yao , Wang Chao , Wang Pei Fang , Qian Cui Jia
Published: March 2015

There is a growing interest in the application of ecological models to evaluate past, present, and future direct and indirect effects from various stressors including nutrients, organic wastes, flow, temperature etc. in aquatic ecosystems. For this study, AQUATOX simulation was established, calibrated and validated to model the aquatic ecosystem of Yincun Port River with field measured data and historical records between April 2013 and October2014. The results showed the AQUATOX simulation reasonably represented the real situation of Yincun Port. Moreover, sensitivity analysis revealed the value of Phytoplankton Chlorophyll was highly sensitive to nutrient input, temperature and parameters related to temperature limitations. Furthermore, this model was applied as a forecasting tool to analyze the response of Chl. a to nutrient input.
Effects of Toxicants on a Non-Autonomous Predator-Prey Model with Random Perturbation
Authors: Zhang Yan , Fan Kuan Gang , Wang Qing Yun
Published: March 2015

A new non-autonomous predator-prey model in a polluted environment with stochastic perturbation is considered in this paper. The existence of a global positive solution and stochastically ultimate boundedness are derived. Furthermore, some sufficient and necessary criteria for extinction, non-persistence in the mean, weak persistence in the mean, strong persistence in the mean are obtained. At last, a series of numerical simulations to illustrate our mathematical findings are presented.
Advances in the Application of the Low Temperature Plasma Technology in Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Han Shuo , Xu Qi Hui , Zhang Rui Ping , Jiang Guo Qing , Ding Jian Dong , Shen Yong Jun
Published: March 2015

The low-temperature plasma technology has the comprehensive action of high-energy electron, ultraviolet light, ozone etc. The technology that integrates light, electronic and chemical oxidation into one process has a good development prospect in wastewater treatment. In this paper, the research status and development trend of high-voltage pulsed discharge, dielectric barrier discharge, glow discharge for organic wastewater treatment at home and abroad are summarized. The current main existing problems include single treatment object oriented. In the future, the study about this technique should be focused on the optimization process, the reduction of the processing cost and energy consumption, so that this technology can be applied to practical wastewater treatment as soon as possible.Key words: Low temperature plasma technology; High-voltage pulsed discharge; Glow discharge; Dielectric barrier discharge; Wastewater
Sewage Treatment Performance of Biological Aerated Filters with Fe-Containing Compound Clinoptilolite Media
Authors: Mu Hui , Zhao Yu Xiao , Gao Min Tian , Zhang Xiao Dong , Zhang Jie , Li Yan
Published: March 2015

Fe-containing compound clinoptilolite media (Fe-M), prepared with natural clinoptilolite, was applied to be the filter media of BAF, and then the treating performance of sewage by BAFs with Fe-M and ceramsite were investigated. Because Fe-M had relatively larger surface area, better pore connectivity, higher biofilm microbial biomass, and the ion-exchanging and adsorption effect, a higher ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency was obtained in BAF with Fe-M than ceramsite; and higher phosphorus removal in BAF with Fe-M was also realized by the adsorption and precipitation effect of the leaching ferric ions. Fe-M is more suitable to be used as the filter of BAF to treat sewage wastewater than ceramsite, which has a high value of broad application prospects and engineering popularization value.
Study on Environmental Dyeing Technology
Authors: Liu Jin Fa , Zeng Xian Ping
Published: March 2015

The combination of low electrolyte dyeing with reactive dyes and aerosol dyeing technology is not only using a small amount of low electrolyte green organic alternative alkali, and reducing the usage of electrolyte efficiently, but also improving the color fixation rate of most reactive, reducing wastewater emission and reducing the difficulty of wastewater treatment to achieve a low cost for reuse of wastewater form printing and dyeing.
The Design of Exhaust Gas Cooler for Diesel Particulate Bag Filter
Authors: Wang Xiu Ye , Li Guo Bin , Xu Nan
Published: March 2015

Currently, the application of bag-filter technology in controlling diesel exhaust particulate emissions has been close to practical stage. As one of the key links in bag-filter technology, engine exhaust cooling can directly influence working safety of the entire exhaust particulate filter system. Thermodynamic calculations and experimental research of water-cooled chiller has provided a feasible basis for water cooler to be used in actual diesel exhaust particulate emission control system. The cooler can make engine exhaust temperature drop from 400 to 180 . Even when engine works in high-speed and high-load condition, inlet exhaust temperature of cooler can descend from 500 to 190 or so after cooling, which can still meet bag-filter system requirement of below 200 .
Thermodynamic Studies for Adsorption of Cd2+ and Pb2+ from Waster Water on Modified Walnut Shell
Authors: He Shao Hua , Wang Dan , Kong Qing Qiu , Wu Xi
Published: March 2015

The adsorption isothermal curve and thermodynamic adsorption of Cd2+ and Pb2+ on modified walnut shell from waster water were investigated using batch technique. The equilibrium adsorption data are fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and the model parameters are evaluated. The Langmuir isotherm model shows a better fit to adsorption data than the Freundlich isotherm model for the sorption of Cd2+ and Pb2+ on modified walnut shell. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cd2+ and Pb2+ by modified walnut shell is found to be 32.68 mg·g-1 and 84.75 mg·g-1 at 298K temperature, respectively. The adsorption processes of Cd2+ and Pb2+ has feasibility and spontaneous nature. Thermodynamic parameters depict the endothermic nature of sorption and the process is spontaneous and favorable.
Fabrication and Characterization of Ce-Doped Gd2Zr2O7 Ceramics as Simulated Waste Forms for Treating Pu
Authors: Yang Yan Kai , Xie Yi , Lu Xi Rui
Published: March 2015

In order to investigate the disposal of plutonium by Gd2Zr2O7, Ce-doped Gd2Zr2O7 were fabricated by high temperature solid state reaction at 1500 °C under atmospheric pressure for 72 h. XRD and SEM studies were exploited to characterize the crystal structure and microstructure of the synthetic samples. The results revealed that Gd2Zr2O7 shows a single pyrochlore structure while Gd2Ce2O7 exhibit a defective fluorite structure. The microstructure of the samples was relatively dense, and the grain size was in the range of 3 - 6 μm.
Monthly Runoff Probabilistic Forecast Model Based on Similar Process Derivations
Authors: Lee Cai Lin , Wang Dong Mei
Published: March 2015

In this paper, a runoff forecast model combining similar process derivation with probabilistic forecasts is proposed. Certain forecast result is computed by similar processes derivations, and on the basis of certain results, a confidence interval under given confidence coefficient is worked out by probabilistic forecast part. The model is simple in structure, easy in establishing and unnecessary to concern for predictor selections. Applying above model in simulation experiments, the results show the forecast model have excellent forecast accuracy and can be used in monthly runoff forecast effectively.
Water Resources Compensation Policy and Application on Differential Empowerment System
Authors: Liu Huan , Xu Zhi Wei
Published: March 2015

Through the water compensation models, the article studies the effect of water resources compensation policy on the upstream and downstream areas under differential empowerment systems. Study finds that difference in water resources utilization efficiency is the precondition of water resources compensation policy implementation. With changes of water resources utilization efficiency, the compensation price changes in the same direction and the compensation amount changes in the opposite direction. Finally, water resources compensation policy will improve the welfare of both areas, which is highly consistent with Coase theorem.
An Analysis and Comparison of Areal Precipitation Estimation
Authors: Zhao Xia , Zhang Wei Hua , Wang Ming Xing
Published: March 2015

This article illustrates different methods of calculating average areal precipitation, especially Thieseen polygon method and its modified method: percentage weighted polygon method.it compares various conditions of application and gives some suggestions for further study about areal precipitation estimation.
Impact of Bi ̊Char on Water Characteristics of a Chinese Severe Saline Agricultural Soil
Authors: Wang Dao Yuan , Song Xin Shan , Yan Deng Hua , Liu Xue Hua , Wang Yuan , Wang Hao
Published: March 2015

Bi ̊Char soil amendment has been accepted as a low-risk soil carbon sequestration method. Some other agricultural benefits also reported in previous researches. Two kinds of bi ̊Chars, produced from walnut shell and soft wood, with significantly different surface characteristics and a severe saline sandy loam soil was used in our research. Physical and chemical parameters of bi ̊Char and soil were analyzed. The results pressure plate analysis indicated that high surface area bi ̊Char can increase water retention and plant available water in severe saline agriculture soil, however, such effect wasn’t observed in all the low surface area bi ̊Char treatments. Based on these results, a simulated soil water loss experiment was conducted under 3 different temperatures (from 25 ̊C to 40 ̊C), with 4 bi ̊Char doses for 120 h. Our results shown that high dose of high surface area bi ̊Char can reduce the rate of soil water loss under high temperature. Such effect indicated that high surface area bi ̊Cahr can help soil hold more water under lab condition and simulated field condition. In bi ̊Char soil application, the interaction between bi ̊Char, soil and climate condition needs to be considered carefully to acheive optimum solution for both environmental and agricultural purposes.
Underground Runoff Product Flow of Red Loam under Rainfall Simulation
Authors: Li Chuang , Liu Yan Wei , Fu Na , Fang Rui Tao
Published: March 2015

The red loam had abundant rainfall, rich in light and heat resource of Yunnan Province. But the uneven distribution of rainfall temporal during the year, it restricts the development of agriculture in this region. Thus how to use soil water resources reasonably and efficiency become the key to ensure crop and vegetation growth of needed water and improve the ecological environment. In this study, the key factor is district’s slope. Setting the runoff district’s rainfall intensity was 28.7mm/24h under rainfall simulation, selected four Yunnan Province read loam’ slop: 7.5°、10°、12.5°、15°.The results showed that at the same soil prophase water content and rainfall intensity, the higher runoff district’s slope will make it less time to product flow; At the beginning of product flow, flow of underground runoff was little, product flow was reached stable increase.
Research on CO2 Corrosion Rate Prediction of Gathering Pipelines Considering the Effect of Oil
Authors: Cheng Yuan Peng , Li Zi Li , Liu Qian Qian
Published: March 2015

Experimental studies show that under special conditions, oils in corrosion environment have some inhibiting effect on CO2corrosion behavior of gathering pipelines. Oil wetting and corrosion product film are the great difference in existent rate prediction models of sweet corrosion. The progress of CO2corrosion rate prediction including empirical model, semi-empirical model, mechanistic model and artificial neural networks model considering the impact of oil in recent years are introduced in detail, the present problems and further research directions are also discussed.
Development Law and Watery Features of Collapse Column in Pansan Mine
Authors: Li Yong Jun , Sun Hao , Li Xiao Ming
Published: March 2015

The collapse column is widely developed and distributed in North China coalfield, has been a threat for coal mine production safety. According to the existing collapse columns in pansan mine, using the combination with geology analyzing and geophysical exploration technology, the cause and development regularity of the collapse columns is discussed in a way of palaeogeographic and palaeoenvironment, the inner filling material features of the collapse columns in the coalfield are introduced, The watery features of collapse columns are studied. The results show that collapse columns have a law of zonation in the horizontal and vertical , and have a certain subsiding distance, collapse column widths ranging periphery have the peripheral edge of the impact zone and transition zone, In the collapse column, the cementation degree is poor at the top, highly compressed at the middle and relatively poor in the bottom. The top and middle sections are less in water bearing, the rich water in the bottom was caused by the vertically leakage recharge from Ordovician limestone in the deep. The research results provide scientific basis for the prevention of collapse column in coal mine.
Research on the Assessment on the Risk System Regarding Offshore Oil and Gas Field Development Projects Based on the Grey System Theory
Authors: Li Jia Ming
Published: March 2015

the risk assessment for development project is simply and highly efficient, requires less data, and can clearly uncover the problems. It is plausible to evaluate a plenty of development projects through computers
Characteristics of Land Surface Temperture (LST) within the Third Ring Road of Shenyang
Authors: Zhao Zi Qi , Li Li Guang , Wang Hong Bo , Zhao Xian Li , Jiang Peng
Published: March 2015

Urban heat island (UHI) effect becomes hot spot in the field of urban climatology in the recent decades. Two sampling belts on the Landsat TM/ETM+ image across the center point of main urban area of shenyang were selected along the E-W and S-N directions in order to analyse the characteristics of UHI effect and discuss the relationships between LST and UHI source or sink. The results indicate that for the E-W direction sampling belt, the maximum and minimum LST values were 37.46 °Cand 33.44 °C in 2001 respectively, while those were 34.61 °C and 33.30 °C in 2010. For the S-N direction sampling belt, the corresponding values were 34.53 °C and 29.27 °C in 2001, 34.47 °C and 29.69 °C in 2010. LST fluctuated significantly in the E-W direction sampling belt in 2010 and the difference value was 4.01 °C, so was in the S-N direction sampling belt in 2010 and the difference value was 4.78 °C. LST of the grid was a positive correlation with LST of the UHI source area of grid in 2001 and 2010, so was with that of UHI sink area in 2001 and 2010. LST of grid was a positive correlation with UHI source area.
Objectification of Modeling the Development of Brownfields in an MDM Environment
Authors: Endel Stanislav , Beránková Eva , Kuda František
Published: March 2015

The prediction of the future development of an area based on a mathematical model is a field which is highly topical and very beneficial to contemporary urbanism. One of mathematical modeling tools is the Modified Dynamic Model (MDM). This article focuses on identifying the elements which enter a model in case of the prediction of brownfield regeneration, describes the mutual relations between these elements, and explains how these relations can be numerically evaluated. Then it applies the outlined theoretical procedure in practice to a model of the development of one of the brownfields in Ostrava.
Hydrothermal Upgrading of Bitumen with Glucose as Hydrogen Donor
Authors: Cao Jiang Lin , Wu Bing , Zhu Feng , Duan Ning
Published: March 2015

The hydrothermal (HT) upgrading of bitumen with glucose, a model compound of biomass, as hydrogen donor was verified. A parametric study of glucose-promoted upgrading of bitumen, under HT conditions was carried out. The results confirmed the positive influence of glucose in the bitumen upgrading via the catalytic hydrogenation reactions. The optimum conditions for bitumen upgrading were: temperature 400 °C, glucose concentration 5 wt%, reaction time 90 min and catalyst amount 0.08 g. A proposed mechanism for bitumen upgrading with glycerin was discussed.
Influencing Factors Decomposition of the Carbon Emission of Industrial Energy Consumption in Nanning Downtown Based on LMDI
Authors: Yang Jing , Yao Huan Mei , Qin Meng Lin
Published: March 2015

According to IPCC carbon emission calculation instruction, the amount of industrial carbon emission of downtown of Nanning from 2003-2012 is evaluated. With LMDI element decomposition method, the carbon emission of industrial energy consumption in Nanning downtown is decomposed into effect of five aspects such as energy structure, energy intensity, industrial structure, economic scale and population size. It turns out that: the energy structure change can promote the increase of carbon emission. The energy consumption structure should be optimized and the proportion of high-carbon energy consumption should be reduced; The energy intensity is the leading driving factor of carbon emission. The energy efficiency should be further improved to control the increase of carbon emission to some degree; The industrial structure restrains the increase of carbon emission in a great degree. Industrial restructuring should be strengthened and low-carbon industry should be developed; The scale of economy is the main driving factor of the increase of carbon emission. The extensive way of economic growth which depends on the large input of production factors should be changed; The population has a promoting function the increase of carbon emission, while the driving effect is weak, and the growth rate of the population should be strictly controlled.
Research on Energy Efficiency Status of Fans in Zhejiang Province
Authors: Wang Lan , Han Yan Gang , Chen Hong Bo , Wang Na , Fu Jun Ya
Published: March 2015

The fan industry has developed rapidly because of the large demand in the fields of thermal power, metallurgy and so on. There are many manufacturers in Zhejiang Province. However, energy efficiency projects are not carried out sufficiently in those factories. Compared with foreign standards on fan energy efficiency such as ANSI/AMCA 205 and ISO 12759, national standard GB 19761 still has some disparity in the scope of application, the energy efficiency classification and definition of energy efficiency. Using the experience of foreign standards and vigorously promoting the energy efficiency projects in the fan manufacturing enterprises could accelerate the development of domestic standard system on fan energy efficiency and entire fan industry.
Structure of Industry Chain of Circular Economy of Chongxin Ecological County, Gansu Province
Authors: Li Xiao Ling , Chen Xing Peng
Published: March 2015

Described the connotation of ecological county and circular economy, combined with the practice of building ecological county Chongxin, based on the industrial structure and characteristics of Chongxin, under the theoretical background of ecological system, according to the circular economy mode, create Chongxin county recycling economy development model of ecological agriculture and design circular economy industrial chain of ecological agriculture, ecological industrial.
Lower Extremity Jogging Mechanics in Young Female with Mild Hallux valgus
Authors: Sun Dong , Li Feng Ling , Zhang Yan , Li Chang Feng , Lian Wen Lan , Gu Yao Dong
Published: March 2015

The purpose of this current study was to measure the knee joint angle and plantar pressure distribution between hallux valgus group and normal group under jogging condition. To reveal relationship of plantar pressure distribution and knee joint angle. Investigated that lower extremity mechanics of jogging in young female with mild hallux valgus. Sixteen young, healthy females volunteered to take part in this study. Kinematic data from a three-dimensional motion analysis system and plantar pressure distribution from Pedar-X system were collected to describe lower extremity mechanics while hallux valgus subjects jogging at a natural speed. The results found that knee joint angle of hallux valgus in frontal and transverse plane was obviously different under jogging condition. In frontal plane, the initial state of adduction angle (control group (CO) = 1.73 °, hallux valgus group (HV) = 8.33 °) of two group was markedly different at the beginning of the support (0-10%). During jogging gait cycle, knee abduction angle peak of normal group was 8.46°, and knee adduction angle peak of hallux valgus group was 8.61°. In the transverse plane, knee external rotation angle in the initial state of normal group was 21.93° while knee external rotation angle of hallux valgus was 4.89°. The results of plantar pressure found that bearing pressure regions was offshore in hallux valgus group. These changes would affect the movement of knee joint, and it suggested that hallux valgus group have higher risk for knee osteoarthritis. These results also suggested that hallux valgus deformity has influence on knee joint. We cannot be ignored in the process of the research and therapeutic with hallux valgus.
Unsteady MHD Flow of Heat and Mass Transfer of Nanofluids over Stretching Sheet with a Non-Uniform Heat/Source/Sink Considering Viscous Dissipation and Chemical Reaction
Authors: Dessie Hunegnaw , Kishan Naikoti
Published: March 2015

In this paper, unsteady MHD flow of heat and mass transfer of Cu-water and TiO2-water nanofluids over stretching sheet with a non-uniform heat/source/sink considering viscous dissipation and chemical reaction is investigated. The governing partial differential equations with the corresponding boundary conditions are transformed to a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations and solved using Keller box method. The velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are obtained and the influences of various relevant parameters, namely the magnetic parameter M, Prandtl number Pr, Eckert number Ec, Schmidt number Le , chemical reaction parameter K,unsteadiness parameter S and the Soret number Sr on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are discussed. The skin-friction coefficient–f''(0), heat transfer coefficient –θ'(0) and mass transfer coefficient –φ'(0) are presented in tables. A comparison with published results is also presented and found in good agreement. Keywords: MHD; Keller box method; unsteady; nanofluid; non-uniform heat/source/sink; chemical reaction; viscous dissipation.
An Economic Evaluation of Energy Management Opportunities in a Medium Scale Manufacturing Industry in Lagos
Authors: Abolarin S.M. , Shitta Manasseh Babale , Gbadegesin O. , Nna Chimaobi Daniel , Eguma Charles Asirra , Onafeso Babatunde , Adegbenro Oluwole
Published: March 2015

This paper seeks to increase interest level on energy efficiency by bringing to fore payback-period assessment of implementing energy-efficient measures that could help achieve sustainable production processes in a typical medium scale printing manufacturing industry in Lagos, Nigeria. Several energy efficiency measures have been suggested based on identifiable energy management opportunities within this industry. The method used for the economic evaluation and feasibility study is payback period; this approach is aimed at providing guidance for a quick and informed decision on the implementation of the energy efficiency measures identified. The payback for two of these measures namely; turning off equipment when not in use and replacement of drive belts on large motors with energy efficient cog belts, have been found to be immediate. When standard fluorescent lighting and incandescent bulbs are replaced with energy efficient lamps and bank of capacitors are installed to improve the power factor of the motors, the company will recoup its initial investment in less than one year. Also, purchasing and installing an advanced electronic meter with data logging capability to help monitor electrical demand has been shown to give the highest payback of 2.4 years. These payback period results have indicated that investment in the recommended energy efficient technologies are economically viable and worthy of implementation. With this analysis, management of manufacturing industries can now make informed economic decision towards productivity improvement and sustainability.
Self-Cleaning TiO2 Nanofilms on FTO Glass: Influence of Electrophoretic Deposition and UV Irradiation Conditions
Authors: Horandghadim Nazila , Ghorbani Mohammad , Dolati Abolghasem
Published: March 2015

In this research, anatase TiO2nanoparticles were electrophoretically deposited on the FTO glass. This investigation was focused on the self-cleaning property of TiO2coatings and the effects of different parameters on this characteristic such as: applied voltages during electrophoretic depositions and durations of UV irradiation. Electrophoretic depositions of suspensions were performed in different voltages of 10, 30 and 60 V (for 10 s) at room temperature. TiO2coatings were sintered in 450°C for 1 hr. The phase transformation of TiO2films was considered using XRD. Morphology, average particle size and the thickness of TiO2films was analyzed using FESEM microscope. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2films was evaluated by the degradation of aqueous methyl orange (MO) under UV irradiation. The ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer was used to record the changes of the adsorbancy of the MO solution. Hydrophilicity of TiO2films was determined by measuring contact angle of water droplet with the surface of TiO2films. Results represented that decomposition rate of MO solution by TiO2films enhances from 6.5% to 31% by increasing applied voltage of deposition from 10 to 60V and from 5% to 40% by increasing UV illumination duration from 1 to 5 hours. It was also observed that the contact angles of water droplet with the surface of TiO2films decrease from 34oto 6.6oby increasing applied voltage from 10 to 60V.
Chemical Characterization of DC-Sputtered In2O3 Films with a Top SnO2 Layer
Authors: Bedoya-Calle Álvaro , García-Méndez Manuel , Torres-Castro Alejandro , Shaji Sadasivan , Ortiz-Méndez Ubaldo
Published: March 2015

In2O3thin films with a top layer of SnO2were deposited onto glass substrates by DC reactive-magnetron sputtering. After deposition, In2O3/SnO2samples were annealed in vacuum at 400oC. Structural, optical, and chemical composition was investigated by X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis spectroscopy and XPS, respectively. X-ray data showed that films grow polycrystalline, where indium oxide crystallized in cubic as the main phase, with a preferential growth at the [0002] direction and lattice parameter of 10.11 Å. Signals of rhombohedral phase were also detected. XPS depth profiles show that tin coexists inSn2+andSn4+, while indium maintains the In2O3stoichiometry. Binding energy of Sn4+bound to oxygen was detected at 468 eV while In2+bound to oxygen at 444.7 eV. Nor tertiary compounds were detected at the In2O3/SnO2interface, neither In or Sn in metallic state.
Rapid Predicting the Impact Behaviors of Marine Composite Laminates
Authors: Qiu Ang , Zhao Cheng Bi , Tang You Hong , Lin Wei
Published: March 2015

There are challenges of using composite laminates in the marine engineering, i.e., composites are frequently suffering from the effects of impaction including wave impaction, ship or other objects hitting, missiles or bullets hitting and other especially conditions. It is significant to understand the impact behaviors of laminates, in this research, the impact responses of typical laminates are investigated numerically. The delamination responses among the plies and fibre and/or matrix damage responses within the plies are simulated to understand the impaction behaviours of laminates under impaction conditions. The impact damage of composite laminates in the form of intra-and/or inter-laminar cracking is modelled by using stress-based criteria for damage initiation, and fracture mechanics technique is used to capture its evolution. Interface cohesive elements are inserted between plies with appropriate mixed-mode damage laws to predict the delamination. A group of graphite fibre/epoxy laminates with impact energies of 5, 10, 15 and 20 J, respectively, are simulated with a full scale FE model and a simplified FE model respectively. Through comparing the simulation results with each other, we find out that the impact behaviors obtained in the simplified FE model is comparable to experiments with a short computing time, but the simplified model cannot represent the properties of laminate after impact.
A Preparation Technology of Artificial Lignumvitae
Authors: Zhang Hong , Wu Qing Ding , Peng Bo , Dong Jun Hui
Published: March 2015

For the purpose of preparing stern bearings adapted to water-lubricating environment to replace natural lignumvitae, preparing bearings with solid lubricant of electromechanical equipment applied in some industries such as textile, food and healthcare to replace sintered bronze, and preparing advanced automotive upholstery, appliance and artware to replace natural rosewood and ox bone, three published patents including “a preparation method of artificial lignumvitae” were used to prepare artificial lignumvitae with a better wear resistance than natural lignumvitae. As the materials for sliding bearing, the main performance of artificial lignumvitae meets the requirement for sintered bronze FZ2365. It explores a new way to develop functional biomass materials with wood waste in urban and rural area while ensure its high quality and cleanness.
Numerical Simulation of Ballistic Performance of Nanocrystalline and Nanotwinned Ultrafine Crystal Steel
Authors: Wan Yun , Lu Jian , Zhou Li Min
Published: March 2015

Surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) is an excellent method to get nanocrystalline and nanotwinned ultrafine crystalline steels from coarse-grained AISI 304 stainless steel. Due to their outstanding mechanical properties, they both appear to be relevant candidates for ballistic protection of marine engineering. Comparing their ballistic performance against coarse-grained steel, as well as identifying the effect of the hybridization with a carbon fiber–epoxy composite layer have been done by Jaime Frontan et al. Hybridization is proposed as a way to improve the nanocrystalline brittle properties in a similar way as is done with ceramics in other protection systems. Dur to the limit of experimental equipment, there are many results which are hardly got. In this paper, a numerical method with Johnson–Cook flow stress model, user material subroutine VUMAT and surface-based cohesive behaviour is presented.
Structural Dynamic Analysis of a Hypersonic Composite Wing
Authors: Zhang Xu , Wang Yong Zhi , Wang Peng , Zhang Wei Min
Published: March 2015

Aerodynamic heating will be caused when a hypersonic vehicle is in flight, so it should be taken into account when a structural dynamic analysis is carried out. A method for structural dynamic analysis under thermal environment is presented in this paper. Firstly, Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) method which is based on solving the three-dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations is employed to perform aerodynamic heating analysis. Secondly, Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to assess structural heat conduction and get temperature field. Lastly, based on the quasi-linear structural model, a structural dynamic analysis is analyzed under thermal environment. A hypersonic composite wing is investigated as a numerical example. Compared with the case without considering aerodynamic heating, major modes and frequencies of the wing change a lot because of the decrease of the elastic modulus and the alteration of structural stiffness distribution. The results indicate that the aerodynamic heating has a high influence on the vibration characteristics. Therefore, aerodynamic heating should be considered in hypersonic structural dynamic analysis.
A Computational Method of Residual Stress Calculation for Incremental Hole-Drilling Method Utilized Composite Materials
Authors: Jiang Hao , Zhou Li Min , Lu Jian
Published: March 2015

In this work, a computational method dedicates to realize the residual stress calculation for multi depths with incremental hole-drilling method. An optimized finite element model is determined with proper size compared to the experiment. By invaliding the mechanical properties of the drilled section in the model, the step-by-step drilling procedure is simulated for incremental hole-drilling method. As the practical application of such computational method, a bulk metallic glass (BMG) sample being mechanically treated by severe plastic process is used to demonstrate the distribution of residual stresses along thickness direction.
Egress of Mature Murine Regulatory T Cells from the Thymus Requires RelA
Authors: Fukazawa Taro , Hiraiwa Noriko , Umemura Takeshi , Mise-Omata Setsuko , Obata Yuichi , Doi Takahiro
Published: February 2015

The mechanism of egress of mature regulatory T cells (Tregs) from the thymus to the periphery remains enigmatic, as does the nature of those factors expressed in the thymic environment. In this study, we examined the fate of thymic Tregs in TNF-α/RelA double-knockout (TA-KO) mice, because TA-KO mice retain a Treg population in the thymus but have only a small Treg population at the periphery. Transplantation of whole TA-KO thymus to under the kidney capsule of Rag1-null mice failed to induce the production of donor-derived splenic Tregs expressing neuropilin-1, which is reported to be a marker of naturally occurring Tregs, indicating that TA-KO thymic Tregs either do not leave the thymus or are lost at the periphery. We next transplanted enriched TA-KO thymic Tregs to the peripheries of TA-KO mice and traced mouse survival. Transplantation of TA-KO thymic Tregs rescued the lethality in TA-KO mice, demonstrating that TA-KO thymic Tregs remained functional at the periphery. The TA-KO thymic Treg population had highly demethylated CpG motifs in the foxp3 locus, indicating that the cells were arrested at a late mature stage. Also, the population included a large subpopulation of Tregs expressing IL-7Rα, which is a possible marker of late-stage mature Tregs. Finally, TA-KO fetal liver chimeric mice developed a neuropilin-1+ splenic Treg population from TA-KO cells, suggesting that Treg arrest was caused by a lack of RelA in the thymic environment. Taken together, these results suggest that egress of mature Tregs from the thymus depends on RelA in the thymic environment.
c-FLIP Protects T Lymphocytes from Apoptosis in the Intrinsic Pathway
Authors: He Ming-Xiao , He You-Wen
Published: February 2015

Apoptosis can be induced by either death receptors on the plasma membrane (extrinsic pathway) or the damage of the genome and/or cellular organelles (intrinsic pathway). Previous studies suggest that cellular caspase 8 (FLICE)-like inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) promotes cell survival in death receptor–induced apoptosis pathway in T lymphocytes. Independent of death receptor signaling, mitochondria sense apoptotic stimuli and mediate the activation of effector caspases. Whether c-FLIP regulates mitochondrion-dependent apoptotic signals remains unknown. In this study, c-FLIP gene was deleted in mature T lymphocytes in vitro, and the role of c-FLIP protein in intrinsic apoptosis pathway was studied. In resting T cells treated with the intrinsic apoptosis inducer, c-FLIP suppressed cytochrome c release from mitochondria. Bim-deletion rescued the enhanced apoptosis in c-FLIP–deficient T cells, whereas inhibition of caspase 8 did not. Different from activated T cells, there was no necroptosis or increase in reactive oxygen species in c-FLIP–deficient resting T cells. These data suggest that c-FLIP is a negative regulator of intrinsic apoptosis pathway in T lymphocytes.
Proinflammatory Responses and Higher IL-10 Production by T Cells Correlate with Protection against Malaria during Pregnancy and Delivery Outcomes
Authors: Requena Pilar , Barrios Diana , Robinson Leanne J. , Samol Paula , Umbers Alexandra J. , Wangnapi Regina , Ome-Kaius Maria , Rosanas-Urgell Anna , Mayor Alfredo , López Marta , de Lazzari Elisa , Arévalo-Herrera Myriam , Fernández-Becerra Carmen , del Portillo Hernando , Chitnis Chetan E. , Siba Peter M. , Rogerson Stephen , Mueller Ivo , Bardají Azucena , Menéndez Clara , Dobaño Carlota
Published: February 2015

Pregnancy triggers immunological changes aimed to tolerate the fetus. However, it has not been properly addressed whether similar changes occur in tropical areas with high infection pressure and whether these changes render women more susceptible to infectious diseases. We compared the frequencies of T cell subsets, including regulatory T cells, in pregnant and nonpregnant women from Papua New Guinea, a high malaria transmission area, and from Spain, a malaria-free country. We also assessed the relationship among these cellular subsets, malaria infection, and delivery outcomes. CD4+FOXP3+CD127low T cells (Tregs) were decreased in pregnant women in both countries but were not associated with malaria infection or poor delivery outcomes. An expansion of IFN-γ–producing cells and intracytoplasmic IFN-γ levels was found in pregnant compared with nonpregnant women only in Papua New Guinea. Increased CD4+IL-10+IFN-γ+ frequencies and Treg–IFN-γ production were found in women with current Plasmodium falciparum infection. Higher CD4+IL-10−IFN-γ+ T cells frequencies and production of proinflammatory cytokines (including TNF and IL-2) at recruitment (first antenatal visit) had a protective association with birth weight and future (delivery) P. falciparum infection, respectively. Higher intracellular IL-10 levels in T cells had a protective association with future P. falciparum infection and hemoglobin levels at delivery. The protective associations were found also with nonmalaria-specific T cell responses. Treg frequencies positively correlated with plasma eotaxin concentrations, but this subset did not express eotaxin receptor CCR3. Thus, an activated immune system during pregnancy might contribute to protection against malaria during pregnancy and poor delivery outcomes.
Inhibiting STAT5 by the BET Bromodomain Inhibitor JQ1 Disrupts Human Dendritic Cell Maturation
Authors: Toniolo Patricia A. , Liu Suhu , Yeh Jennifer E. , Moraes-Vieira Pedro M. , Walker Sarah R. , Vafaizadeh Vida , Barbuto José Alexandre M. , Frank David A.
Published: February 2015

Maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) is required to induce T cell immunity, whereas immature DCs can induce immune tolerance. Although the transcription factor STAT5 is suggested to participate in DC maturation, its role in this process remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of STAT5 inhibition on LPS-induced maturation of human monocyte-derived DCs (Mo-DCs). We inhibited STAT5 by treating Mo-DCs with JQ1, a selective inhibitor of BET epigenetic readers, which can suppress STAT5 function. We found that JQ1 inhibits LPS-induced STAT5 phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation, thereby attenuating its transcriptional activity in Mo-DCs. The diminished STAT5 activity results in impaired maturation of Mo-DCs, as indicated by defective upregulation of costimulatory molecules and CD83, as well as reduced secretion of IL-12p70. Expression of constitutively activated STAT5 in JQ1-treated Mo-DCs overcomes the effects of JQ1 and enhances the expression of CD86, CD83, and IL-12. The activation of STAT5 in Mo-DCs is mediated by GM-CSF produced following LPS stimulation. Activated STAT5 then leads to increased expression of both GM-CSF and GM-CSFR, triggering an autocrine loop that further enhances STAT5 signaling and enabling Mo-DCs to acquire a more mature phenotype. JQ1 decreases the ability of Mo-DCs to induce allogeneic CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation and production of proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, JQ1 leads to a reduced generation of inflammatory CD8+ T cells and decreased Th1 differentiation. Thus, JQ1 impairs LPS-induced Mo-DC maturation by inhibiting STAT5 activity, thereby generating cells that can only weakly stimulate an adaptive-immune response. Therefore, JQ1 could have beneficial effects in treating T cell–mediated inflammatory diseases.
Properdin Provides Protection from Citrobacter rodentium–Induced Intestinal Inflammation in a C5a/IL-6–Dependent Manner
Authors: Jain Umang , Cao Qi , Thomas Nikhil A. , Woodruff Trent M. , Schwaeble Wilhelm J. , Stover Cordula M. , Stadnyk Andrew W.
Published: February 2015

Citrobacter rodentium is an attaching and effacing mouse pathogen that models enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in humans. The complement system is an important innate defense mechanism; however, only scant information is available about the role of complement proteins during enteric infections. In this study, we examined the impact of the lack of properdin, a positive regulator of complement, in C. rodentium–induced colitis. Following infection, properdin knockout (PKO) mice had increased diarrhea and exacerbated inflammation combined with defective epithelial cell–derived IL-6 and greater numbers of colonizing bacteria. The defect in the mucosal response was reversed by administering exogenous properdin to PKO mice. Then, using in vitro and in vivo approaches, we show that the mechanism behind the exacerbated inflammation of PKO mice is due to a failure to increase local C5a levels. We show that C5a directly stimulates IL-6 production from colonic epithelial cells and that inhibiting C5a in infected wild-type mice resulted in defective epithelial IL-6 production and exacerbated inflammation. These outcomes position properdin early in the response to an infectious challenge in the colon, leading to complement activation and C5a, which in turn provides protection through IL-6 expression by the epithelium. Our results unveil a previously unappreciated mechanism of intestinal homeostasis involving complement, C5a, and IL-6 during bacteria-triggered epithelial injury.