bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUKUM SEBAGAI NORMA SOSIAL MEMILIKI SIFAT MEWAJIBKAN
Authors: Widowati Christiani
Published: December 2023

AbstractNaturally, human beings are social creatures; they are unable to live alone and therefore need to socialize to fulfill their needs and meet their interest. The presence of law as social norm serves as a regulating tool in social life. Law is a legal reference of how social members should behave to establish social justice andâ€”ultimatelyâ€”to sustain social life. Principally, law gains its effectiveness when it is accepted by the society. Such acceptance may refer to either external or internal acceptance. External acceptance merely emphasizes on the formal aspects, meaning that the law and its compulsory power to give sanctions are inseparable. In this perspective, law is perceived to be compulsory. Internal acceptance, on the other hand, emphasizes more on substantial aspects, which are indeed projected to uphold social justice. Such acceptance is obligatory in nature. This kind of acceptance which is self-internalized and self-evaluated by each community member is the ideal form of acceptance.Keywords: society, social creature, internal social acceptance, compulsory, evaluative, internalizationAbstrakSecara alamiah, manusia adalah makhluk sosial yang tidak bisa hidup sendiri sehingga setiap manusia selalu hidup bermasyarakat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dan kepentingannya. Keberadaan hukum sebagai norma sosial, adalah untuk mengatur kehidupan bermasyarakat. Hukum sebagai tatanan atau pedoman dalam bertingkah laku ditujukan untuk mengatur tingkah laku manusia dalam hidup bermasyarakat dalam rangka melindungi kehidupan bermasyarakat dan lebih lanjut untuk mempertahankan kehidupan bermasyarakat. Pada prinsipnya, hukum barulah mendapatkan keberlakuannya ketika masyarakat menerimanya. Penerimaan ini baru bisa bermakna penerimaan secara eksternal maupun internal. Penerimaan secara eksternal hanyalah memberikan perhatian terhadap sisi formalitas atau bentuk hukum tersebut yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dengan daya paksa yang melekat pada hukum berupa sanksi bagi yang melanggarnya, maka hukum dimaknai sebagai suatu paksaan. Namun di sisi lain penerimaan secara internal lebih kepada penerimaan hukum yang tidak hanya secara formalitas tapi lebih kepada sisi substansial. Sehingga hukum secara substansial, memanglah bertujuan untuk melindungi kepentingan masyarakat yang dengan demikian hukum memiliki sifat mewajibkan. Proses penerimaan melalui internalisasi yang bersifat evaluatif terhadap hukum inilah yang hendaknya dimiliki oleh setiap anggota masyarakat.Â  Kata kunci: masyarakat, makhluk sosial, penerimaan hukum secara internal, kewajiban, evaluatif-internalisasi
Quo Vadis Putusan PK Cacat Hukum
Authors: Sihombing Manahan
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn a national legal system, the intertwined authorities who uphold the lawâ€”the police, judges, and attorneysâ€”play a significant role in determining whether the law is perceived to be just or tyrannical. Thus, through all means of constitutions and and court system, judges are obliged to establish and maintain the law enforcement.In exercising their authorities in making final rulings, judges should be free from legislative and executive intervention. If this principle is still unable to bring up positive image of the legal system, what has gone wrong? In fact, some measures to improve judicial power through the establishment of Constitutional Court and Judicial Commission still cannot afford to get rid of â€žjudicial mafiaâ€Ÿ label.The tiered justice system (municipal court level, appeal, cassation, and judicial review) is an attempt to prevent or review any breaches of prior judges so that such things should be freed and should not be tolerated in the final level. However, in case of legal defect in a judicial review, what should the Supreme Court do? This poses the Supreme Court with a dilemma: reviewing a judicial review is apparently against the law; ignoring such legal defect, on the other hand, is such a negative precedent.Keywords: justice behind vested interestAbstrakDalam suatu sistim hukum nasional, perihal penegakan hukum oleh aparat hukum sangat penting, mengingat peran aparat hukum (Polisi, Jaksa, dan Hakim) sangat mempengaruhi terbentuknya citra hukum yang bersifat adil atau sewenang-wenang di dalam masyarakat. Untuk itu, melalui sarana perundang-undangan dan pengadilan, hakim berkewajiban mewujudkan dan menegakkan hukum.Hakim dalam memeriksa dan memutus perkara diberi kekuasaan yang bebas dari interfensi, baik oleh kekuasaan legislatif maupun eksekutif. Bila prinsip kebebasan hakim ternyata tidak mampu membentuk citra keadilan di tengah-tengah masyarakat, apa yang salah di dalam sistim peradilan Indonesia? Ternyata, pembenahan kekuasaan kehakiman melalui pembentukan Mahkamah Konstitusi dan Komisi Yudisial, tidak mampu memperbaiki citra â€œmafia peradilanâ€.Sistim peradilan yang berjenjang (tingkat pertama, banding, kasasi, dan peninjauan kembali) adalah untuk mencegah dan memperbaiki kesalahan atau pelanggaran oleh hakim sebelumnya, sehingga pada tingkat paling akhir tidak lagi toleransi bagi kesalahan atau pelanggaran yang dilakukan oleh hakim. Lalu apa yang harus dilakukan oleh Mahkamah Agung, bila suatu putusan peninjauan kembali (PK) telah cacat dan batal demi hukum akibat pelanggaran oleh Hakim Agung ? Bila kembali memeriksa dan memutus putusan PK, bukankah merupakan pelanggaran hukum acara? Bila membiarkan saja putusan PK cacat hukum, bukankah merupakan pembusukan hukum ?Kata kunci : Keadilan di balik kepentingan terselubung.
PARADIGMA PERLINDUNGAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP
Authors: Sutoyo Sutoyo
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe various cases related to environmental issues should not solely be perceived from technical or juridical aspect; they should also be seen from their triggering factors. In the global, national, and local scale, these cases share one thing in common: they are caused by humansâ€™ irresponsible, inconsiderate, and selfish attitude. This is strongly related to how the stake holders, who are dominantly influential in the society, perceive the issue. The so-called anthropocentrism paradigm (also known as shallow ecological movement) which is commonly believed in societies puts environment as an object to meet human needs. It is high time that such paradigm changed into biocentrism and eco-centrism paradigms (also known as deep ecological movement) which put humans as biological and ecological beings who are dependent on and concerned about the sustainability of the environment and universe.Keywords: environmental sustainability, anthropocentrism, biocentrism, eco-centrismAbstrakTerjadinya berbagai kasus lingkungan hidup, tidak dapat dipandang semata-mata dari aspek teknis atau yuridis, akan tetapi perlu dikaji aspek yang melatarbelakangi terjadinya kasus tersebut. Tidak dapat disangkal bahwa terjadinya berbagai kasus lingkungan hidup baik pada lingkup global, nasional maupun lokal, sebagian besar bersumber dari perilaku manusia yang tidak bertanggung jawab, tidak peduli dan hanya mementingkan diri sendiri. Hal tersebut sangat terkait dengan cara pandang (paradigma) para pemangku kepentingan (stake holder), yang mempengaruhi sebagian besar masyarakatnya. Paradigma antroposentrisme yang banyak dianut selama ini, menempatkan lingkungan hidup hanya sebagai alat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan manusia (shallow ecological movement). Sudah saatnya paradigma tersebut dirubah dengan paradigma biosentrisme dan paradigm ekosentrisme (deep ecological movement), yang menempatkan manusia sebagai makluk biologis dan ekologis, yang sangat tergantung dengan lingkungan dan memiliki kepedulian terhadap kelestarian lingkungan hidup dan alam semesta.Kata Kunci: kelestarian lingkungan hidup, antroposentrisme, biosentrisme, ekosentrisme.
Kesdaran Hukum Terhadap Kepemilikan Merek Terdaftar Pada Pengrajin Batik Pekalongan Jawa Tengah
Authors: Purwaningsih Endang
Published: December 2023

Terhadap  warga  pengrajin  batik  Pekalongan  yang  masih  tradisional  baik dari  manajemen  maupun  kepemilikan  hak  kekayaan  intelektualnya,  perlu dilakukan  sosialisasi  atau  pun  pelatihan  yang  relevan.  Rendahnya  kesadaran hukum  dapat  disebabkan  oleh  kurangnya  sosialisasi  hukum,  kurangnya  akses masyarakat tentang informasi hukum dan budaya masyarakat itu sendiri. Untuk itu diperlukan  upaya  untuk  membuka  wawasan  pengetahuan  hukum  warga masyarakat    agar  lebih  memahami  akan  hukumnya  sendiri,  upaya  hukum  yang dapat  dilakukan  apabila  terjadi  sengketa,  maupun  untuk  tujuan  peningkatan kesadaran hukum akan pentingnya merek terdaftar dan penguasaan materi hukum transaksi.  Penelitian  ini  merupakan  penelitian  normatif  dengan  pendekatan sosiologis  dan  memanfaatkan  data  sekunder  beserta  data  primer.  Subyek penelitian  adalah  masyarakat  pengrajin  batik  di  Pekalongan  Jawa  Tengah  pada home industry maupun skala industri kecil dan menengah.  Subyek penelitian ini dipilih karena selain Pekalongan terkenal dengan Kota  Batik, juga beberapa area di    Pekalongan    merupakan  sentra  industri  batik usaha  kecil  dan  menengah  yang jumlahnya  banyak  dan  terkumpul  dalam  satu  area  industri,  atau  dikenal  desa Batik/Desa  Wisata  Batik/Kampung  Wisata  Batik,  dipilih  daerah  Pesindon  dan Kauman serta didukung pengamatan daerah Buaran dan Pekajangan.
Seberapa penting investasi asing dipertahankan di indonesia
Authors: Makhfudz Muhammad
Published: December 2023

Investasi dapat menjadi instrument penting untuk Indonesia, karena sumber daya alam yang melimpah, namun hanya sebagian kecil yang dapat diexplorasi oleh Warga Negara Indonesia, karena terkendala tidak memiliki modal yang besar. Eksplorasi membutuhkan dana yang besar, oleh karena itu pemerintah mendatangkan investor asing ke Indonesia. Investor perlu menjadi bagian yang sangat penting untuk mewujudkan cita-cita bangsa dalam mensejahterakan rakyat, sebagaimana tercantum dalam pembukaan UUD 1945. Pembangunan ekonomi menjadi salah satu instrumen untuk menaikkan pendapatan nasional bangsa. Tapi kita perlu sadari peran yang lebih penting adalah peran aturan hukum yang mengontrol pelaksanaan eksplorasi dan pengembangan ekonomi. Peran penegak hukum harus dapat mengatur bisnis antar negara, dalam rangka memberikan manfaat bagi bangsa. Selain peran aturan hukum, peran penegak hukum untuk menegakkan hukum (rule of law), sehingga eksplorasi sumber daya alam hanya akan membawa kerugian bagi negara. Persiapan kontrak (MOU) pada investor asing  tidak  boleh  merugikan  negara,  dan  harus  berani  mengambil  tindakan terhadap setiap pelanggaran hukum. Agar sumber daya alam tidak selalu menguntungkan investor negara asing.
Kedudukan notaris sebagai pejabat pembuat akta otentik dan sebagai pejabat pembuat akta tanah
Authors: Mulyana Darusman Yoyon
Published: December 2023

Negara Indonesia adalah  Negara Hukum yang dalam setiap interaksi masyarakat dan negara senantiasa didasarkan kepada hukum. Terciptanya kepastian hukum adalah merupakan salah satu tujuan dari negara hukum. Pengesahan atau legalisasi atas pengikatan-pengkatan hukum oleh masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh notaries juga merupakan bentuk pengukuhan untuk adanya kepastian hukum. UU No. 30Tahun 2004 tentang Jabatan Notaris yang diubah dengan UU No. 2 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan UU No. 30 Tahun 2004 tentang Jabatan Notaris, telah memberikan kewenangan kepada notaries untuk melakukan pembuatan akta-akta otentik tentang pengikatan hukum di luar pertanahan, sementara itu sebagai kelanjutan dari UU No. 5 Tahun 1960 tentang UUPA, dalam rangka memberikan kepastian hukum   atas transaksi pertanahan, telah ditetapkan PP No. 37 Tahun1998  tentang  Pejabat  Pembuat  Akta  Tanah.  Dalam  penelitian  ini  didasarkan kepada data sekunder yang terdiri dari referensi buku, peraturan perundang- undangan terkait serta majalah, jurnal dan internet. Dalam penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa notaries adalah seorang pejabat umum/pejabat negara yangdiangkat dan disumpah oleh pemerintah, dengan tugas utama memberikan pelayanan dalam pengesahan/legalisasi atas pengikatan-pengiatan hukum oleh masyarakat  di  bidang-bidang  umum  dan  bidang  pertanahan.  Tujuan  akhirnya dalam rangka memberikan kepastian hukum.
Kewenangan dpr dalam seleksi komisioner kpu
Authors: Liany Lusy
Published: December 2023

Pemilihan Umum (Pemilu) diselenggarakan oleh suatu komisi pemilihan umum (KPU) yang bersifat nasional, tetap, dan mandiri. Kehadiran KPU sendiri sangat penting dalam rangka menjaga proses demokratisasi di Indonesia. Sebagai komisi negara yang bersifat independen, KPU harus memiliki anggota komisioner yang kredibel dan terbebas dari kepentingan apapun terutama kepentingan partai politik yang ada di Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR). Namun, hal ini diragukan karena DPR   melalui   undang-undang   penyelenggara   pemilu   memiliki   kewenangan memilih  komisioner  KPU.  Paper  ini  menggambarkan  bagaimana  kewenangan DPR  dalam  seleksi  komisioner KPU  sehingga  dapat  ditarik  suatu  mekanisme seleksi yang ideal dan kompatibel dengan sistem pemerintahan Indonesia. Tulisan ini bersifat deskriptif, analitik, yang menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dan doktrinal.
Pemberhentian presiden dan/atau wakil presiden republik indonesia pasca amandemen uud nri tahun 1945
Authors: Satya Putra Pamungkas
Published: December 2023

Hukum memiliki posisi sentral di dalam sistem ketatanegaraan berdasarkan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 (yang selanjutnya dapat disebut dengan UUD NRI Tahun 1945), Pasal 1 ayat (3) dinyatakan tegas bahwa “Negara Indonesia adalah negara hukum”. Adapun pemberhentian suatu jabatan negara harus didasarkan kepada pengaturan yang jelas tentang kedudukan hukum seseorang, terlebih pejabat tinggi negara demi menjamin kepastian hukum itu  sendiri.  Presiden  sebagai  Kepala  Negara  dan  Kepala  Pemerintahan  (di Republik   Indonesia)   berperan   penting   di   negara   yang   menganut   sistem presidensil.  Pengkajian  tentang  hal  ini  memang  bukan  yang  pertama  kali dilakukan, akan tetapi di dalam penulisan ini ada upaya untuk lebih dalam memahami Pengaturan Pemberhentian Presiden dan/atau Wakil Presiden di Republik Indonesia. Dalam lintas sejarah ketatanegaraan di Republik Indonesia Presiden Soekarno (tahun 1967) dan Presiden Abdurahman Wahid (tahun 2001) merupakan potret “Pemberhentian Presiden” yang pernah terjadi yang melalui tahapan peraturan negara yang hingga kini dapat menjadi bahan perdebatan panjang dan mungkin akan banyak sekali argumentasi-argumentasi yang dapat dibuktikan dari segi hukum, politik, bahkan moralitas.
Pelaksanaan Asimilasi Narapidana Di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Terbuka Jakarta
Authors: Alawiyah Jufri Ely , Ulfah Anisariza Nelly
Published: December 2023

AsimilasiÂ  adalahÂ  prosesÂ  pembinaanÂ  narapidanaÂ  danÂ  anakÂ  didikÂ  pemasyarakatan yangÂ  dilaksanakanÂ  denganÂ  membaurkanÂ  narapidanaÂ  danÂ  anakÂ  didik pemasyarakatanÂ  dalamÂ  kehidupanÂ  masyarakat.Â  PenelitianÂ  iniÂ  membahasÂ  tentang bagaimanakah pelaksanaan asimilasi di lembaga pemasyarakatanÂ  Terbuka Jakarta danÂ  apakahÂ  bedanyaÂ  pelaksanaanÂ  asimilasiÂ  diÂ  lapasÂ  terbukaÂ  danÂ  lapasÂ  tertutup? MetodeÂ  penelitianÂ  yangÂ  digunakanÂ  adalahÂ  yuridisÂ  empiris.Â  HasilÂ  penelitian menunjukkanÂ  bahwa pelaksanaanÂ  asimilasiÂ  di lembaga pemasyarakatan terbuka JakartaÂ  dilakukanÂ  sesuaiÂ  denganÂ  PeraturanÂ  MenteriÂ  HukumÂ  danÂ  HAM No.M.2.PK.04-10Â  TahunÂ  2007.Â  tentangÂ  syaratÂ  danÂ  tataÂ  caraÂ  pelaksanaan asimilasi,Â  pembebasanÂ  bersyarat,Â  cutiÂ  menjelangÂ  bebas,Â  danÂ  cutiÂ  bersyarat. Namun, dalamÂ  pelaksanaannyaÂ  terdapatÂ  kendalaÂ  yangÂ  dihadapiÂ  baikÂ  dariÂ  aturan yangÂ  diberlakukan,Â  jugaÂ  bagiÂ  narapidanaÂ  sendiri.Â  HasilÂ  wawancaraÂ  peneliti denganÂ  narapidanaÂ  yangÂ  mendapatkanÂ  asimilasiÂ  denganÂ  bekerjaÂ  padaÂ  pihak ketiga,Â  merekaÂ  sangatÂ  senangÂ  denganÂ  mendapatkanÂ  asimilasiÂ  ini, karenaÂ  mereka merasakanÂ  pembauranÂ  denganÂ  masyarakatÂ  danÂ  bisaÂ  menafkahi keluargaÂ  mereka. KendalaÂ  yangÂ  merekaÂ  hadapiÂ  yaituÂ  jarakÂ  tempuhÂ  dariÂ  LembagaÂ  Pemasyarakatan TerbukaÂ  CinereÂ  keÂ  tempatÂ  merekaÂ  bekerjaÂ  apalagiÂ  denganÂ  kondisiÂ  jalananÂ  yang macet.Â  HalÂ  iniÂ  membuatÂ  jamÂ  kerjaÂ  merekaÂ  tidakÂ  sesuaiÂ  denganÂ  aturanÂ  yang ada.Â  Selain itu, untuk asimilasiÂ  keluarÂ  denganÂ  bekerjaÂ  padaÂ  pihakÂ  ketiga,Â  harus adaÂ  pihakÂ  penjaminÂ  yangÂ  menjaminÂ  narapidanaÂ  selamaÂ  beradaÂ  diÂ  luarÂ  lembaga pemasyarakatan.Â  BiasanyaÂ  pihakÂ  penjaminÂ  ituÂ  adalahÂ  orang-orangÂ  yangÂ  kenal dengan narapidanaÂ  tersebut.Â  Kendala yang ditemukan adalah tidakÂ  sedikitÂ  pihak luarÂ  atauÂ  masyarakatÂ  yangÂ  tidakÂ  mauÂ  mempekerjakanÂ  narapidana,Â  karena denganÂ  alasanÂ  merekaÂ  adalahÂ  seorang pelaku tindak pidana.
Pemerintahan Reformasi Tapi Tidak Reformis
Authors: Makhfudz M.
Published: December 2023

KetidakmampuanÂ  birokrasiÂ  publikÂ  dalamÂ  mempertanggungjawabkanÂ  sikap, perilakuÂ  danÂ  kebijakannyaÂ  kepadaÂ  publikÂ  baikÂ  dilihatÂ  dariÂ  perspektif tanggungjawabÂ  subyektifÂ  (Â  responsibleÂ  ),Â  tanggungjawabÂ  obyektifÂ  (accuntableÂ  ) danÂ  responsivitas,menjadikanÂ  tidakÂ  sajaÂ  kinerjaÂ  penyelenggaraÂ  pemerintahanÂ  dan pelayanan publik menjadi jelek tetapi masyarakat menjadi tidak puas atas layanan yangÂ  diÂ  berikanyaÂ  danÂ  akibatÂ  selanjutnyaÂ  publikÂ  menjadiÂ  takÂ  lagi mempercayainya.Â  BirokrasiÂ  Â  sebagaiÂ  mesinÂ  kekuasaanÂ  Â  memilikiÂ  peranÂ  besar dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan dan aktualisasi kekuasaan. Namun birokrasi yangÂ  ditemukanÂ  diÂ  lapanganÂ  disehariannyaÂ  menyebabkanÂ  sesuatuÂ  dalamÂ  predikatÂ yangÂ  mengacuÂ  padaÂ  inefisiensiÂ  danÂ  inefektifitasÂ  pemerintahan1.Â  HalÂ  inilahÂ  yang seringÂ  ditemuiÂ  penulisÂ  dilapanganÂ  birokrasiÂ  selaluÂ  menjadiÂ  penghalangÂ  dan sebagainya, sehingga birokrasi digambarkanÂ  sebagai sebuah lembaga yang sangat kuatÂ  denganÂ  kamampuanÂ  untukÂ  bisaÂ  berbuatÂ  apaÂ  saja,Â  baikÂ  yangÂ  burukÂ  maupun yang baik dan sulit menerima koreksi atau kritik.
KENDALA-KENDALA DALAM PEMAJUAN DAN PERLINDUNGAN HAM INTERNASIONAL DI INDONESIA
Authors: Galingging Ridarson
Published: December 2023

Pemajuan dan Perlindungan HAM merupakan tugas yang telah menjadi mandatKomisi Nasional Hak Asasi Manusia (Komnas HAM). Artikel ini akan menyorotikendala-kendala apa saja yang telah dan akan menghadang tugas Komnas HAMdalam upaya lembaga tersebut untuk memajukan dan melindungi HAM universalseperti yang tertuang dalam Piagam Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa, DeklarasiUniversal Hak Asasi Manusi, UUD 1945 dan UU No. 39/1999 tentang Hak AsasiManusi serta UU No. 26/2000 tentang Pengadilan HAM. Bagaimana persisnyakendala-kendala tersebut, baik itu kendala hukum, budaya maupun kendala politikyang telah dan akan merintangi Komnas HAM dalam mewujudkan mandat legalnyaakan dijelaskan. Juga akan dipaparkan bagaimana rumitnya upaya untukmemperkuat posisi HAM di Indonesia.
PENGATURAN PENYEDIAAN RUANG ASI BAGI PEKERJA PEREMPUAN PADA PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Murni Deborah Hutabarat Sylvana , Nurul Intan Sari Dalimunthe Siti
Published: December 2023

Studi ini meneliti sejauh mana perusahaan Indonesia akan mematuhi undangundangdan peraturan mengenai kewajiban mereka untuk menyediakan ruang ASI dimana menyusui dapat dilakukan secara pribadi sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang No. 36/2009 dan Peraturan Pemerintah No.33 / 2012 serta Peraturan Bersama Menteri Kesehatan, Menteri Pemberdayaan Perempuan, Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi No.48 / Men.PP / XII / 2008, PER.27 / Men / XII / 2008, 117 / Menkes / PB / XII / 2008. Studi ini juga akan menjelaskan kendala hukum dan teknis yang dihadapi perusahaan untuk menerapkan peraturan perundang-undangan di bidang ini.
NOTARIS SEBAGAI PEJABAT LELANG KELAS II
Authors: Viola Runi
Published: December 2023

Artikel ini akan menjelaskan fungsi Notaris di luar tugas utamanya sebagaipejabat publik yang berwenang membuat akta otentik berdasarkan UndangUndangNomor 30 Tahun 2014 sebagaimana telah diubah dengan UndangUndangNo.2 / 2014. Notaris di Indonesia secara bersamaan dapat berfungsisebagai Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT) berdasarkan Peraturan PemerintahNo.24 / 2016 dan juga berfungsi sebagai Pejabat Pelaksana Kelas II berdasarkanKeputusan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 451 / KMK.01 / 2002. Penulis juga akansecara kritis meneliti fungsi notaris sebagai Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah danPejabat Lelang Kelas II.
C95200 ve C95300 Al Bronz Alaşımlarının Sertlik, Çekme ve Çentik Darbe Özelliklerinin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: METİN Meriç , ÜNAL Mehmet , GÖREN Halil Ahmet
Published: December 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı, yüksek mukavemet, korozyon, aşınma ve yorulma özelliklerini bir araya getiren C95300 ve C95200 alaşımlarının mikroyapı ve mekanik özelliklerini incelemektir. Alüminyum (Al) bronzlarının element miktarları hesaplanıp hazırlandıktan sonra, indüksiyon fırınında eritilmişlerdir. Al bronz standartlarına göre hazırlanan alaşımlar 1150°C'de bir süre bekletildikten sonra 250°C'ye ısıtılmış kalıcı bir kalıba dökülmüştür. Üretilen Al bronz külçelerden numuneler alınmıştır. Optik mikroskop ve SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) görüntüleme, EDX (Energy Dispersion X-Ray Spectrometer), sertlik, çekme ve darbe testleri de gerçekleştirilmiştir. İncelemeler sonucunda, C95300 alaşımlarında ikincil faz oluşumu gözlenmiş, sertlik ve çekme mukavemeti artmıştır. Çentik darbe testi sonucunda C95300 alaşımı, C95200 alaşımına kıyasla hem darbe enerjisi hem de tokluk için daha düşük değerlere sahiptir.
Factors in Road Traffic Crashes Among Drivers in Buno Bedelle Zone, Southwest Ethiopia: A Case Control Study
Authors: Zenu Sabit , Tesfaye Ameyyu , Roba Gebiso , Negera Ebissa
Published: December 2023

Road traffic crashes (RTC) are one of the leading causes of global mortality, resulting in over 1.35 million deaths every year. It is a leading cause of death among children and young adults. Ethiopia faces an increasing burden of the problem, and several factors are implicated in the rising trend. Issues concerning drivers and their immediate environments play a crucial role in road traffic crashes. This study was conducted to identify the driver determinants in road traffic crashes in Southwest Ethiopia. A community-based case-control study was conducted on a total of 336 drivers (cases, n=111; controls, n=225). Cases were drivers who had caused an RTC in the past year, controls were drivers who had not. Simple random sampling was employed to select participants. Independent determinants of road traffic crashes were identified using the 95 percent confidence interval of the odds ratio at p < 0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression. Driver and vehicle characteristics that were significant determinants of RTC in the study area were: limited driving experience (AOR: 2.6; 95% CI (1.04, 6.5), alcohol consumption (AOR: 5.17; 95% CI (2.23, 11.7), inconsistent use of seat belts (AOR: 3.19; 95% CI (1.6, 6.3), vehicle years of service (AOR: 2.6; 95% CI (1.3, 5.3) and speeding (AOR: 4.595% CI (2.3-8.9). Mentored driving is recommended to boost the experience of novice drivers. Enforcement of existing laws and behavioural interventions should be strengthened against risky driving practices. Drivers of older vehicles with long intervals between service should be kept under close supervision.
Variables Affecting the Risk of Vehicle Collisions in Australian Road Tunnels
Authors: Hidayat Edwin , Lange David , Karlovsek Jurji , Kim Jiwon
Published: December 2023

The characteristics of road tunnels as part of the road network differ from those of general open roads, resulting in different vehicle collision characteristics. Understanding the characteristics of these collisions and the variables that contribute to them is critical for developing mitigation strategies. The purpose of this paper is to identify the characteristics of vehicle collisions in Australian road tunnels, as well as to investigate the variables that influence the number of casualties and the types of collisions. The study utilised data from seven road tunnels in Queensland and New South Wales. Data cleaning and transformation were carried out, yielding 12 variables for further analysis with statistical descriptive analysis, cross-tabulation, and logistic regression. The findings reveal that rear-end collisions are the most common type of collision in Australian road tunnels. Furthermore, only one variable had a significant impact on the number of casualties, while three variables had a significant impact on the types of collisions. These findings provide valuable insights for tunnel stakeholders in developing preventive measures to improve road tunnel safety.
The study of respiratory function of the lungs in patients with Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Mikhailovicheva A. I. , Smirnov V. V. , Struchkov P. V. , Nosenko N. S. , Sotnikova A. G. , Dyachkova E. O. , Divakova T. I. , Bazhenova-Bessonova Yu. A. , Manichev I. A.
Published: December 2023

The article discusses the possibilities of functional assessment of the state of the respiratory function of the lungs in patients with bronchial asthma.

The purpose of the study: a comparative assessment of the information content of capnometry, spirometry, the method of multiple breath nitrogen washout and the diffusion test in patients with asthma.

Results and conclusions: 2 groups of patients were examined: I — 30 patients with asthma of 3–4 degrees of severity, II — 30 healthy volunteers. Capnometry showed a statistically significant increase in the slope of the alveolar phase in patients with asthma compared to the control group with quiet breathing, both before and after the use of a bronchodilator. According to spirometry data, in patients, the FEV1 /FVC ratio was statistically significantly lower compared to the control group, both before and after bronchodilator use. In a comparative analysis of the diffusion capacity of the lungs, there was a trend towards lower DLCO values in patients with asthma. A statistically significant difference was obtained in relation to the lung clearance index between the group of patients with asthma and the control group, in which the index was significantly lower. There were no statistically significant differences between the FRC (%) estimates obtained using the diffusion test and the method of the multiple breath nitrogen washout in patients with asthma. Thus, the informative methods in patients with asthma were not only the method of spirometry, but also the method of capnometry and the method of multiple breath nitrogen washout, which revealed uneven ventilation and distribution of ventilation-perfusion ratios in the lungs.
“The pulse oximetry gap”: definition, reasons, diagnostics and clinical significance
Authors: Gnoevykh V. V. , Smirnova A. Yu. , Shorokhova Yu. A. , Chernova N. G. , Krestyaninov M. V. , Peskov A. B. , Razin V. A.
Published: December 2023

A literature review is presented the phenomenon of “the pulse oximetry gap”, including its definition, causes, and clinical significance. The history of pulse oximetry, methods for determining the main functional and dysfunctional derivatives of hemoglobin, physical and methodological principles for determining the functional and fractional saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen are considered in detail.
Three-dimensional vector ECG analysis in the diagnosis of the left bundle branch block
Authors: Teregulov Yu. E. , Maksimova M. S. , Teregulov E. T. , Chuvashayeva F. R. , Teregulov A. Yu. , Milyutina O. I. , Milyutina I. I.
Published: December 2023

The complete left bundle branch block (CLBBB) leads to the development of severe heart failure and requires resynchronization therapy(CRT). It is known that one third of patients do not respond to CRT. In this regard, it is necessary to search new diagnostic criteria for patient selection for CRT.

Aim. Determination of the criteria for CLBBB using three-dimensional vectorcardiography data with analysis of the rate of vector loop formation.

Material and research methods. The study included 137 patients. The main group consisted of 57 patients with CLBBB, which was based on D. G. Strauss et al. (2011) criteria. Causes of CLBBB and comorbidities were not considered. The control group included 80 healthy individuals. All patients underwent synchronous registration of 12 standard ECG leads and reconstruction of a three-dimensional vectorcardiogram (VCG) using the McFee-Parungao system.

Research results. The following signs are characteristic for CLBBB according to three-dimensional VCG data: • fracture of the spatial vector loop due to a change in the direction of the excitation front in its middle part; • reduction in planarity index (PI) less than 80%; • a sharp, by a factor of 2 or more, decrease in the speed of tracing a spatial vector loop in its middle part with the formation of a “claw-shaped” curve with two peaks R and L.

Conclusion. Three-dimensional VCG allows you to reliably determine the «true» CLBBB, based on the “fracture” of the spatial vector loop with a reduction in PI less than 80% and a significant decrease in the speed of tracing the vector loop in its middle part with the formation of a “clawshaped” curve and carry out a differential diagnosis with “false” СLBBB, in which changes on the ECG are associated with a combination of left ventricular hypertrophy and left anterior fascicular block, when there is no “fracture” of the loop, a reduction in PI, and the routing speed decreases at the end of the loop without forming a “claw-shaped” curve.
Standardization of liver ultrasound elastometry and transthoracic echocardiography techniques for simultaneous use in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Skutar' A. I. , Borsukov A. V.
Published: December 2023

Objective. To develop a standartized approach to the diagnosis of the subclinical course of chronic heart failure using a combination of transthoracic echocardiography, liver elastometry and stress test in cardiac patients.

Materials and methods: All patients (n=97) were examined according to a single diagnostic algorithm: physical examination, transthoracic echocardiography and ultrasound elastometry of the liver. In addition to the main studies for patients of group No. 2 with questionable (borderline) results, according to instrumental studies, a stress test was additionally conducted to determine the latent course of heart failure. All 3 groups of patients were also dynamically examined after 3 and 6 months.

Results: In patients of groups 1 and 3, the results of instrumental studies did not differ dynamically at 3 study points: 0 months — 3 months — 6 months: in patients with CHF 1 according to elastography, the indicators were within F0-F1, which corresponded to the absence of clinically significant fibrosis, for patients of group 3, the indicator It remained within F3-F4, which indicated a prolonged course of the disease, as well as venous stagnation and/or true fibrosis with subsequent transition to cirrhosis. In group No. 2 (CHF 2A-B, II–IIIFK), where a stress test was performed, the results in dynamics differed statistically significantly depending on the difference in elastometry indicators before and after physical activity: in patients with a difference of less than 15% after six months, the result remained within the same values, in a cohort of patients with a difference of 15–25% in dynamics, there was an increase in the results of liver elastometry, in the group with a difference of >25%, there was a marked increase in liver elastometry and a decrease in the left ventricular ejection fraction according to echocardiography; in addition, 45% of them have passed into the decompensation stage.

Conclusion. For dynamic control of the functional state of the liver, as well as the detection of subclinical forms of CHF in cardiac patients, the use of the combined TTE+2D-SWE+test with a load test is an interesting and promising alternative to invasive manipulations, which will provide a differential approach to the diagnosis of CHF in patients at different stages of the disease.
Ultrasound imaging of median nerve neurolipomatosis: literature review and clinical case description
Authors: Khalilova T. E. , Druzhinin D. S.
Published: December 2023

Neurolipomatosis is a rare benign tumor of peripheral nerves. The nerves of the upper extremities are more often involved, in most cases, the median nerves in the carpal canal. Children and young people suffer mainly. The article describes a case of fibrolipomatous hamarthroma of the median nerve in a 24-year-old patient, the ultrasound image is compared with the results of intraoperative observation. Despite the characteristic clinical and pathomorphological picture of this condition, the issues of diagnosis and differential diagnosis remain relevant. A special role is given to ultrasound as a non-invasive, widespread method of lifetime diagnosis of the condition of peripheral nerves. The median nerve, due to its superficial location, is available for visualization, and understanding the ultrasound semiotics of fibrolipomatous hamartoma will allow timely determination of it at the stage of initial clinical manifestations and avoid unnecessary and aggravating neurological deficits of examination methods such as biopsy.
The use of infrared thermography in rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament surgery
Authors: Velichko M. N. , Shturmin A. V. , Terskov A. Yu. , Samoilov A. S. , Belyakova A. M.
Published: December 2023

The aim of the research: to conduct an analytical review of modern scientific literature on the use of infrared thermography in rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament surgery.

Materials and methods: an analysis of foreign and domestic sources on this topic was carried out.

Results: our analysis indicates that using the infrared thermography method it is possible to effectively quantify load assimilation with the ability to quickly regulate it, which is a pressing issue in the postoperative management of patients after anterior cruciate ligament surgery and requires further study.
Longitudinal relationship between internet self-control and problematic internet use among Chinese adolescents: mediating role of meaning in life
Authors: Wang Weijun , Ye Jianmei , Zhu Yimeng , Huang Dawei , Zhao Xin
Published: December 2023

Introduction

While studies indicate that high self-control may serve as a safeguard against problematic internet use, there’s evidence suggesting that problematic internet use can, in turn, diminish self-control. This study aimed to elucidate the longitudinal interplay between internet self-control and problematic internet use in adolescents, employing cross-lagged panel modeling. Furthermore, drawing from a positive psychology perspective, we examined the potential role of ‘meaning in life’ as a protective mediator within this longitudinal relationship. We then constructed a mediation model to explore protective factors against problematic internet use.

Methods

Through a questionnaire, we tracked 659 adolescents (331 males and 328 females; mean age=13.61) in a longitudinal design across two time points, spaced at five-month intervals, to assess their internet self-control, problematic internet use, and meaning in life.

Results

Results of the cross-lagged panel models showed that: Internet self-control had a significant negative impact on problematic internet use after five months (β = −0.094, p < 0.01). Conversely, problematic internet use had a significant negative impact on internet self-control after five months (β = −0.099, p < 0.05). Results from the longitudinal mediation model showed that: Meaning in life mediated the effect of internet self-control on problematic internet use after five months (βinternet self-control(T1)-meaning in life(T2) = 0.142, p < 0.01; βmeaning in life(T1)-problematic internet use (T2) = −0.075, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Our study uncovers a reciprocal predictive relationship between internet self-control and problematic internet use, while highlighting the mediating role of meaning in life within this relationship. These findings suggest that fostering internet self-control and cultivating a sense of meaning in life among adolescents can serve as effective prevention and intervention strategies for addressing the issue of problematic internet use.
POTENTIAL LOCAL FOOD MATERIAL BASED ON FLOUR (CATFISH, RED BEANS, AND KEPOK BANANA) AS AN ALTERNATIVE SNACK FOR YOUNG WOMEN WITH ANEMIA
Authors: Hastuti Widi , Aminah Mimin , Eko Mulyo Gurid Pramintarto , Amelia Shilka , Khoerunnisa Alika , Aeni Muna Nur
Published: December 2023

The main nutritional problem experienced by young women is anemia. The prevalence of anemia in productive age (15-49 years) according to WHO in Indonesia in 2019 was 31,2% increase from 2018 which was 30.4%. This happens because young women menstruate every month so that they lose iron Â± 1,3 mg per day. Young women also tend to go on a diet, causing reduced intake of nutrients including iron. Therefore, it is necessary to increase iron intake by giving snacks containing iron. The products made aresnack bars based on local ingredients, namely catfish flour Pangasius Sp), red bean flour (Phaseolus vulgaris), and kepok banana flour (Musa acuminata).

The design of this study is an experimental study with a one-factor Complete Randomized Design (formulation). Product quality analysis includes organoleptic properties, macronutrients, iron, dietary fiber, water content, and omega 3. Organoleptic test using the hedonic test on 3 snack bar formulations with a ratio of catfish flour, red bean flour, kepok banana flour, namely F1 (10%:40%:50%), F2(20%:50%:30%), and F3(30%:30%:40%).

Based on the results of organoleptic tests by 30 panelists, it was shown that the best formula of catfish, red beans, and kepok bananasnack bar was F2(20%:50%:30%) with panelist ratings of somewhat like 20%, likes 46.7%, and very likes 30.0%, for a total of 96.7%. The nutritional value of the best snack bar for serving doses of 40 grams compared to AKG snack aged 10-15 years, namely energy 123,93 Kcal (62,75%), protein 5,14 grams (85.67%), fat 1,77 grams (26,03%), carbohydrates 21,86 (75.38%), dietary fiber 0,49 grams (17.50%), iron 0,74 mg (61,67%) and omega 3 as much as 69,04 mg (657,52%).
THE INFLUENCE OF COUNSELING ON MENOPAUSE SYMPTOMS IN PONCOKUSUMO DISTRICT, MALANG REGENCY, 2022
Authors: Rufaindah Ervin , Petemah Petemah
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Eighty percent (80%) of women complaint headache, sexual problem, tachycardia, hot flushes and insomnia, that are significantly decrease the quality of life.

Method: Objective of the research is to analyze how much the effect of menopause counseling from counselor midwife towards reduction of the symptoms menopause. The study is quasi experiment with pre and post design. The samples were 40 respondents that were divided into two groups. In each group counseling was given twice at intervals of 2 weeks, long counseling per client requirements. The instruments employed were MRS (Menopause Rating Scale) questionnaire. Non parametric and RR value were performed for statistical test.

Results: The result of study indicated that the While menopause mothers who did not receive counseling by a midwife counselor, 2.5 times the risk of having symptoms degree rise or stay when compared with mothers who received counseling by a midwife counselor (RR 2.5).

Conclusion: Based on the study, it was concluded that there was effect of counseling from counselor midwife towards the decrease of menopausal symptoms.
EFFECT OF IMMERSION TEMPERATURE VARIATION OF SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE 4% AS A DELIPIDATION AGENT ON QUALITY OF COLON TISSUE PREPARATIONS
Authors: Iqbal Syahhirul , Wiryanti Wiwin
Published: December 2023

Background: Adipose or fatty tissue will interfere with the maturation process of the tissue, causing the tissue to become hard, difficult to cut and interfere with the staining of the preparation. Therefore, the adipose tissue needs to be diluted through the delipidation stage. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of variations in the immersion temperature of colonic tissue using SLS 4% for 6 hours on the quality of the tissue preparations produced and the presence of differences in the quality of the preparations produced.

Method: This research method uses a quasi-experimental type of research using data obtained from measuring the level of clarity and quality of tissue preparations and then processed statistically using the Paired Sample T-Test . The samples used in this study are the remaining samples in the form of colonic tissue that are no longer used by the Anatomical Pathology Laboratory of Cibabat Hospital. The colonic tissues used is as many 15 units. The parameters used are a 4% SLS clarity rate, and the quality of colonic tissues preparations that are observed microscopically and using ImageJ software.

Result: The results of the Paired Sample T-Test obtained a value of t = -1.740, df = 14 and gave a p-value much smaller than 0.05. The results of the study showed that there was an influence of temperature variations on the quality of colonic tissue preparations and there were differences in the quality of the colonic tissue preparations produced.

Conclusion: Colonic tissues that are immersed using a 4% SLS at 60Â°C provide a more optimal quality preparation compared to colonic tissue at 4% room temperature SLS immersion and tissues that do not go through delipidation.The research suggestion is to conduct further research to obtain optimal time, temperature and concentration in SLS as a delipidation agent so that good quality preparations are obtained but do not eliminate fat completely.
LITERATURE STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF LOW IMPACT AEROBIC GYSMS AGAINST MENOPAUSE
Authors: Pujiastuti Rr Sri Endang , Novita Dhea
Published: December 2023

Background: The end of menstrual periods (menopause) is often accompanied by a number of symptoms, such as hot flashes, night sweats, insomnia, depression, memory problems and impaired quality of life. Physical exercise with aerobic exercise duration of 30 minutes for 3 or 4 times will have a positive effect on quality of life. All movements in tera gymnastics have the advantage of reducing anxiety, reducing depression and improving sleep quality. Objective: The purpose of this literature review study is to find out specifically the effect of Low Impact Aerobics on the menopausal women. Method: This type of research is the study of literature. Researchers conducted a journal search through the National Library of the Republic of Indonesia, Ebsco and Google Scholar using keywords the effect of low impact aerobics on menopausal women. The literature used is published literature from 2012 to 2022. Results: The results of the analysis of this literature study show that the Senorita Gymnastics (Low Impact Aerobics and Tera Gymnastics) the highest respondent characteristics in this study were the number of children <4 as much as 82.1%. Married majority of married status is 78.6%. The level of education in both groups was more low-educated at 57.1%. For employment status, more did not work at 62.5%. Quality of life has changed the most from the physical domain followed by the psychological domain to the social and environmental domain. Conclusion: There are Effects of Low Impact Aerobics on Menopausal Women.
Análisis comparativo de la formación de espray diesel y biodiesel en una boquilla 4JH1 mediante cfd
Authors: Caballero Alvaro javier Maussa , Guarín Arnold Rafael Martínez , Padilla Jairo Luis Durango
Published: December 2023

Se analizó comparativamente la formación de espray mediante CFD, en un inyector 4JH1 funcionando con diesel y biodiesel. Observando cavitación en la parte superior del orificio de entrada para ambos combustibles, siendo mayor con diesel, fenómeno atribuido por su mayor presión de vapor, las discrepancias en cavitación se vieron afectadas por la posición de levantamiento de aguja. El biodiesel presentó una mayor penetración, llegando a duplicar la del diesel los primeros , para posteriormente tender a igualarse con el tiempo. El ángulo de cono también presentó similitudes, siendo mayor con el diesel, y después de s tornándose similares, siendo ligeramente mayor con diesel. Se presentan cambios en la topografía del espray, algunos factores podrían evaluarse, para obtener una topología igual o una optimizada a las características fisicoquímicas del biodiesel empleado.
Calidad microbiológica de la leche de vaca expendida en Ayacucho-Peru
Authors: Facundo Gloria Betti Adrianzen , Maquen Julio Alberto Ruiz , Zamora Luis Arturo Rodríguez , Rodríguez Diego Wilfredo Ochoa , Rodríguez Adhelí Milagros Ochoa
Published: December 2023

El presente estudio, se ejecuto en el laboratorio de microbiología de la Escuela de Formación Profesional de Medicina Veterinaria en la Universidad Nacional de San Cristóbal de Huamanga, ubicado en la Región Ayacucho, Perú, con la finalidad de determinar la calidad microbiológica de la leche fresca de vaca expendida en las principales vías de la ciudad de Huamanga. Se realizaron dos pruebas, recuento de microorganismos aerobios mesofilos viables y el recuento de coliformes totales. Se trabajó con 30 muestras de leche fresca, recolectadas  en los centros de venta a los consumidores, Los resultados del recuento de microorganismos aerobios mesofilos viables, realizado para verificar las condiciones higiénicas de la leche fresca expendida, dos de ellos presentaron cantidades superiores a un millón de Unidades Formadoras de Colonias por mililitro (ufc/ml), lo cual las califica de leches no aptas para el consumo humano y la industria, de acuerdo a la Norma Técnica  Peruana (NTP-202-001-2003) INDECOPI. Los resultados del recuento de coliformes totales, arrojaron cantidades variables entre 1,200 y 3,000 coliformes por ml, que las califica de inaptas para el consumo humano.
Instrumentos para identificação de perfil empreendedor: uma revisão sistemática com o software start
Authors: Corsino Michelle Oliveira do Espírito Santo , Enedino Wagner Corsino
Published: December 2023

O presente estudo verifica a configuração da produção científica acerca dos principais instrumentos utilizados nas pesquisas acadêmicas para identificação de perfil empreendedor em indivíduos, com o aporte tecnológico do Software Start. O universo do estudo constitui-se de periódicos nacionais e internacionais, disponíveis nas bases de dados Science Direct, Scopus (Elsevier) e Web of Science.  A amostra consistiu de 58 publicações. Após as etapas de seleção e extração, 17 publicações atenderam aos critérios estabelecidos de inclusão e exclusão e passaram para a fase de análise. A análise se pautou no exame do instrumento de coleta de dados utilizado pelos pesquisadores, com base nos postulados de Bardin (2011), acerca das técnicas de Análise de Conteúdo. Constatou-se que os instrumentos mais utilizados no âmbito nacional e internacional, para identificação de perfil empreendedor são os Testes Psicométricos; destacando-se, nesse cenário, o teste Tendência Empreendedora Geral (GET); formulários com escala Likert e questionários que identificam características psicológicas, sociológicas e comportamentais.