bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El matrimonio infantil y la dispensa de edad
Authors: González Alcántara Juan Luis
Published: September 2021

Voto concurrente que formula el ministro Juan Luis González Alcántara en la Acción de inconstitucionalidad 22/2016, fallada por el Pleno de la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación el 26 de marzo de 2019. La pregunta constitucional recayó en saber si era constitucional la eliminación de la dispensa de edad por causas graves y justificadas para que personas menores de edad pudieran contraer matrimonio. La mayoría consideró que la reforma impugnada era constitucional. El voto concurrente se aparta respecto de la argumentación en torno a la distribución competencial sobre el establecimiento de la “edad mínima” para contraer matrimonio, la conceptualización de la eliminación de la dispensa como una “restricción”, así como la eliminación de la institución de la emancipación del ordenamiento estatal.
O Supremo Tribunal Federal do Brasil e o caso das terras ocupadas pelos remanescentes quilombolas. Estudo de caso a partir da acao direta de inconstitucionalidade n. 3.239-DF
Authors: Ribeiro de Freitas Mendes Frederico , Castro Matheus Felipe de
Published: September 2021

O Supremo Tribunal Federal do Brasil vem enfrentando temas controvertidos em matéria de direitos fundamentais e que envolvem inclusive direitos de povos e culturas numa nação multiétnica e plural. O presente estudo busca contribuir com as discussões jurídicas que envolvem a questão das terras ocupadas pelos remanescentes quilombolas no Brasil. Para tanto, o estudo analisará o julgamento da Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade n. 3.239-DF, que tramitou na Suprema Corte brasileira, e os possíveis reflexos jurídicos e sociais provocados pela decisão. Estruturado através do método indutivo, busca descrever o desenvolvimento processual do caso e suas especificidades. Examina o voto condutor do debate, bem como explora os aspectos controvertidos dos votos divergentes. Procede na releitura dos argumentos lançados pelos ministros julgadores e que fundamentaram a decisão final do Supremo Tribunal Federal do Brasil, correlacionando-a com possíveis controvérsias na sua concretização.
La educación: Hacia un derecho humano
Authors: Contreras Bustamante Raúl
Published: September 2021

Al derecho a la educación se le ha visto como un derecho sujeto a una fuerte connotación social que hace que se analice su viabilidad en el contexto de las implicaciones eco-nómicas y sociales, por tanto, debe transitar a un derecho humano cuyo cumplimiento no de-penda de las circunstancias indicadas, sino de la exigencia de ser un derecho de la persona necesario para su desarrollo individual. De poco sirven los derechos si la mayoría de la sociedad carece de elementos cognoscitivos para acceder a ellos, entenderlos, ejercerlos y defenderlos cuando las instancias gubernamentales se los niegan. El derecho a la educación debe constituirse como un concepto jurídico prioritario, ubicado de manera inmediata después del derecho a la vida y a la libertad.
Principio constitucional de la libre competencia
Authors: Rodríguez Cairo Vladimir
Published: September 2021

La investigación examinó el contenido jurídico y económico de la libre competencia. El nivel del estudio fue descriptivo y la técnica de investigación la documentación. De este modo, se fundamentó la competencia como orden espontáneo y se analizó la trascendencia del principio constitucional de la libre competencia y su protección legal. El principal hallazgo del estudio es que, si bien el Tribunal Constitucional desarrolla el papel de los precios en la economía, no lo considera como elemento constitutivo de la libre competencia; tampoco a las ganancias libres. Se concluyó que, desde la incorporación del principio de la libre competencia en la Constitución económica peruana de 1993, existe un mandato expreso para que el Estado facilite la libre competencia contemplando sus cinco elementos constitutivos, y consiguientemente, vigile que no se cometan excesos ni se pongan trabas, y se sancionen los abusos que sean contrarios a la libre competencia.
Las restricciones al control difuso y el paradigma constitucionalista en México: ¿volver al pasado?
Authors: Vázquez Sánchez Omar
Published: September 2021

Las restricciones al control difuso que recientemente ha delineado la jurisprudencia mexicana suponen un retroceso en la consolidación del paradigma constitucionalista. Particularmente, los criterios jurisprudenciales analizados muestran un debilitamiento del imperativo de fundar y motivar y un desprecio por la interpretación directa del texto constitucional. En este trabajo se critica esta vuelta al pasado. Para lograrlo, primero, se expone la evolución jurisprudencial del control difuso. Después, se reflexiona sobre las implicaciones de esta figura en el proceso de constitucionalización; con ello se muestra el impacto positivo y negativo que dicho control tiene en este proceso; además, en su oportunidad, se rechaza la idea según la cual este tipo de control propicia un “caótico interpretativismo” e impulsa un “desbocado activismo judicial”. Finalmente, se remarca la crítica al debilitamiento de fundar y motivar porque con ello no sólo se afecta el ejercicio del control difuso, también se condiciona la viabilidad del paradigma constitucionalista.
Igualdad y acciones afirmativas: El caso del acceso prioritario a los Centros de Atención y Cuidado Infantil para la Ciudad de México
Authors: Olmos de la Torre Francisco Alejandro
Published: September 2021

Este comentario ofrece una crítica a la decisión de la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación, tomada en la acción de inconstitucionalidad 215/2020, de desestimar un argumento formal de igualdad, por el cual se buscaba la inclusión de los hombres en una acción afirmativa dirigida exclusivamente a las mujeres. Salvo el ponente del asunto, los ministros y ministras consideraron que este planteamiento incluso invisibilizaba el problema de las mujeres y fortalecía la cultura machista. Parecieran ponerse en conflicto dos visiones de la igualdad: una formal y otra estructural. Desde una óptica conciliadora, el autor pretende mostrar la razonabilidad del planteamiento formal de igualdad, dado que no compromete en este caso a las mujeres, como grupo socialmente excluido.
Challenges of Compensation and Reparation for Loss and Damage Related to the Adverse Effects of Climate Change
Authors: Arévalo García Jorge Gabriel
Published: September 2021

Anthropogenic climate change has and will have unavoidable adverse effects despite mitigation and adaptation policies. Therefore, the financial burden of the costs of loss and damage must be distributed fairly and proportionally. This implies that those responsible for climate change must take responsibility and compensate those who suffer losses and, if possible, repair the damages related to this phenomenon. However, climate justice has been limited by the lack of a causal link between a specific climate change effect and specific damages or losses. Accordingly, this article discusses the compensation and reparation of losses and damages related to the adverse effects of climate change, as a stream applicable after mitigation and adaptation policies. In addition, this article reviews the implications of the relevant findings that established the existence and development of climate change as a problem that affects the enjoyment of human rights, to argue how the theory of human rights can contribute to the current legal model for reparation and compensation for losses and damages associated with climate change. Also, due to the impossibility of obtaining a legally binding agreement as a structure for integration, and to adequately address the problem of causes, consequences, benefits and burdens, vulnerable groups ought to be the most affected.
Drafting a Constitution Is Not Drafting a Statute: An Analysis of the Mexican Constitution and Hyper-Amending Pathologies from the Legislative Drafting Perspective
Authors: Orozco Pulido Jesús Manuel
Published: September 2021

This note critically examines the way the Mexican Constitution has changed since it was originally written, due to a large number of amend¬ments. Through 239 decrees of constitutional reforms, which represent 732 modifications to constitutional articles, the current constitutional text is not the same document that arose from the Mexican Revolution. This vertiginous chan¬ge is analyzed from the perspective of theoretical and practical notions of legis¬lative drafting in common law countries. A huge number of reforms demons¬trates a constitution’s volatility, and the way reforms are written has a direct impact on whether or not it is observed. In fact, a proper process of redaction in legislative drafting can provide ideas for improving the quality of legislation. Reforming the constitution, as has been done by Mexican constituent powers, can overload the fundamental text with specific rules, rather than principles. An excessive use of words, an arbitrary use of subdivisions and an excessive num¬ber of transitory norms are common elements of constitutional amendments. Some specific traits of those amendments are analyzed in order to propose ways to improve the efficacy of the constitution through a better legislative drafting process for reforms. All of this in order to reach a better level of comprehension of the normative purpose of amendments by their final recipients: citizens and institutions.
IoT Based Automatic Air Pollution Monitoring and Purification System
Authors: Gurung Manoj
Published: September 2021

Abstract: Degradation of air quality, like climate change and global warming, has become an all-encompassing existential hazard to humanity and natural life. Exposure to severely polluted air on a regular basis causes pulmonary disorders and contributes to severe allergies and asthma. According to studies, more than 10 million people die each year as a result of irregularities produced directly or indirectly by air pollution. The work of Lelieveld et al. [1] sheds light on the gravity of the problem. It is estimated that by 2050, the worldwide premature mortality from air pollution will exceed 6.6 million fatalities per year (358000 from ozone, the rest from PM 2.5) [1]. As a result, we decided to focus our study on improving indoor air quality. Despite the fact that there are numerous indoor air purifiers on the market, their cost belies their effectiveness, and the effective ones are far too expensive for working-class people to afford [2]. In order to address this issue, we created an automated Internet of Things (IoT) based air filtration system that uses an automated air purifier which is triggered when air quality falls below WHO criteria. Our initiative intends to improve indoor air quality by utilizing the most cost-effective and efficient modules available. Keywords: Indoor Air Pollution, Air Purifier, IAQ, Sharp Dust Sensor GP2Y1010AU0F, IoT, Particulate Matter (PM), HEPA Filter
IoT-based Precision Agriculture Platform: A Review
Authors: Solanki Rutvik
Published: September 2021

Abstract: Technological advancements such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are helping to boost the global agricultural sector as it is expected to grow by around seventy percent in the next two decades. There are sensor-based systems in place to keep track of the plants and the surrounding environment. This technology allows farmers to watch and control farm operations from afar, but it has a few limitations. For farmers, these technologies are prohibitively expensive and demand a high level of technological competence. Besides, Climate change has a significant impact on crops because increased temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns increase the likelihood of disease outbreaks, resulting in crop losses and potentially irreversible plant destruction. Because of recent advancements in IoT and Cloud Computing, new applications built on highly innovative and scalable service platforms are now being developed. The use of Internet of Things (IoT) solutions has enormous promise for improving the quality and safety of agricultural products. Precision farming's telemonitoring system relies heavily on Internet of Things (IoT) platforms; therefore, this article quickly reviews the most common IoT platforms used in precision agriculture, highlighting both their key benefits and drawbacks
IOT-5G-Exploring next-generation media consumption in the area of Journalism
Authors: Mallela Sree Naga Raja Sekhar
Published: September 2021

Abstract: The most common buzzwords in the world is “The Internet of things” (IoT) and IOT describes the network of physical objects, so known as, "things" those are rooted with sensors in the devices, application software, technologies that is used for the resolution of connecting one end to another end and exchanging information with other devices and systems over the Internet. The IoT 5G technologies can also be used in journalism and the primary focus is to increase M2M interaction of mass communication devices. One way it is “ubiquitous computing” can occur using any device, in any location, and in any format. The Internet of Things (IoT) is all about small cost sensors grabbing data to communicate with one device to another device using cloud solutions. Coming to the 5th generation mobile network. We have already started using 4G networks and as we know that, start with 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G networks. The 5th generation network is going to enable an upcoming new network that will associate virtually every person globally connected and everything organized including IoT devices, objects and machines. Central communication and Journalism is the activity of gathering right information, evaluating, generating, and presenting broadcast information. It is high time to start using IOT Technology using 5th generation high-speed network connectivity devices to communicate or data transfer in the area of journalism. Keywords: IOT – Internet Of Things, 5G- Fifth Generation in data network, JMC – Journalism and Mass Communications, M2M – Machine to Machine, Cloud , Artificial intelligence and Machine Learning.
“Stirring it up!” Emotionality in audience responses to political speeches
Authors: Bull Peter , Waddle Maurice
Published: September 2021

Speaker-audience interaction in political speeches has been conceptualised as a form of dialogue between speaker and audience. Of particular importance is research pioneered by Atkinson (e.g., 1983, 1984a, 1984b) on the analysis of rhetorical devices utilised by politicians to invite audience applause. Atkinson was not concerned with emotionalisation in political speech-making, rather with how applause was invited in relation to group identities through ingroup praise and/or outgroup derogation. However, his theory has provided important insights into how speakers invite audience responses, and a powerful stimulus for associated research. The purpose of this article is to address the shortfall of emotionalisation research within the realm of political speeches. We begin with an account of Atkinsons influential theory of rhetoric, followed by a relevant critique. The focus then turns to our main aim, namely, how key findings from previous speech research can be interpreted in terms of emotionalisation. Specifically, the focus is on audience responses to the words of political speakers, and how different forms of response may reflect audience emotionality. It is proposed that both duration and frequency of invited affiliative audience responses may indicate more positive emotional audience responses, while uninvited interruptive audience applause and booing may provide notable clues to issues on which audiences have strong feelings. It is concluded that there is strong evidence that both invited and uninvited audience responses may provide important clues to emotionalisation - both positive and negative - in political speeches.
Trump, memes and the Alt-right: Emotive and affective criticism and praise
Authors: Way Lyndon C.S.
Published: September 2021

Internet memes are the most pervasive and malleable form of digital popular culture (Wiggins 2019: vii). They are a way a society expresses and thinks of itself (Denisova 2019: 2) used for the purpose of satire, parody, critique to posit an argument (Wiggins 2019, see also Ponton 2021, this issue). The acts of viewing, creating, sharing and commenting on memes that criticise or troll authority figures have become central to our political processes becom[ing] one of the most important forms of political participation and activism today (Merrin 2019: 201). However, memes do not communicate to us in logical arguments, but emotionally and affectively through short quips and images that entertain. Memes are part of a new politics of affectivity, identification, emotion and humour (Merrin 2019: 222). In this paper, we examine not only what politics memes communicate to us, but how this is done. We analyse memes, some in mainstream social media circulation, that praise and criticise the authoritarian tendencies of former US President Donald Trump, taken from 4Chan, a home of many alt-right ideas. Through a Multimodal Critical Discourse Studies approach, we demonstrate how images and lexical choices in memes do not communicate to us in logical, well-structured arguments, but lean on affective and emotional discourses of racism, nationalism and power. As such, though memes have the potential to emotionally engage with their intended audiences, this is done at the expense of communicating nuanced and detailed information on political players and issues. This works against the ideal of a public sphere where debate and discussion inform political decisions in a population, essential pillars of a democratic society (Habermas 1991).
Review of Andreas Musolff. 2021. National conceptions of the body politic. Cultural experience and political imagination. Cham, Springer. ISBN 978-981-15-8739-9 ISBN 978-981-15-8740-5 (eBook)
Authors: Breeze Ruth
Published: September 2021

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Determination of optimal feed profile in semi-batch reactor: DFT and experimental studies on a Case Study of parallel and serial reactions take place
Authors: AKMAN Bugra , ARAS Omur , KAYA Yunus
Published: September 2021

Semi-batch reactor systems can be used at different areas due to its
advantages of the feed manipulation. Common practices are temperature
control of the exothermic reactions or selectivity adjustment of the
production process include serial and parallel reactions. Bisphenol A
(BPA) is theoretically synthesized with 2 moles of phenol and 1 mol of
acetone. During the reaction, a stoichiometric ratio or high acetone
concentration causes the formation of by-products. This situation has
been confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In these
calcula-tions, the B3LYP method and the 6-311++G(d, p) basis set were
used. DFT calculations show that by-products can be formed in the
synthesis of bisphenol a. The common method used to solve the by-product
problem is to work with high molar phenol/acetone ratios. But this
brings additional operating and investment costs. In this study,
semi-batch reaction experiments were performed which stoichiometric
acetone was fed in reactor with various pulsed modes in the presence of
homogenous and heterogonous catalysts. Time versus conversion and
selectivity data were collected at various catalyst concentrations. All
runs were compared with the results of batch and semi-batch runs
performed in over molar ratio of phenol/acetone. As a result, it has
been shown that high conversion and selectivity can be achieved by
providing energy efficiency with pulsed mode semi batch reactor.
Definitive screening for accelerated Taxol biosynthetic pathway optimization and scale up in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell factories
Authors: Walls Laura , Martinez José , Chanona E. Antonio del Rio , Solis Leonardo Rios
Published: September 2021

Recent technological advancements in synthetic and systems biology have
enabled the construction of microbial cell factories expressing diverse
heterologous pathways in unprecedentedly short time scales. However, the
translation of such laboratory scale breakthroughs to industrial
bioprocesses remains a major bottleneck. In this study, an accelerated
bioprocess development approach was employed to optimize the
biosynthetic pathway of the blockbuster chemotherapy drug, Taxol.
Statistical design of experiments approaches were coupled with an
industrially relevant high-throughput microbioreactor system to optimize
production of key Taxol intermediates, Taxadien-5α-ol and
Taxadien-5α-yl-acetate, in engineered yeast cell factories. The optimal
factor combination was determined via data driven statistical modelling
and validated in 1L bioreactors leading to a 2.1-fold improvement in
taxane production compared to a typical defined media. Elucidation and
mitigation of a nutrient limitation enhanced product titers a further
two-fold and titers of the critical Taxol precursors, Taxadien-5α-ol and
Taxadien-5α-yl-acetate were improved to 34 and 11 mg/L, representing a
three-fold improvement compared to the highest literature titers in S.
cerevisiae. Comparable titers were obtained when the process was scaled
up a further five-fold using 5 L bioreactors. The results of this study
highlight the benefits of a holistic design of experiments guided
approach to expedite early stage bioprocess development.
The management of paravalvular leaks post aortic valve replacement.
Authors: Kananathan Shalini , Perera Lakshini , Mohanarajan Maneeshaa , Sherif Mohamed , Harky Amer
Published: September 2021

Paravalvular leak (PVL) is uncommon but can lead to severe complications
after surgical or transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Clinical
complications such as heart failure, haemolysis and infective
endocarditis can be catastrophic results if not treated in promptly. It
is, therefore, vital that PVLs are diagnosed early using various imaging
modalities. Different approaches have been studies in managing PVL’s; of
late, there is an increased interest in the use of minimally invasive
procedures such as the transcatheter aortic valve closure procedure due
to the decreased occurrence of further operations. This review discusses
the classification of PVLs, diagnostic approaches and the available
management options.
Prognostic factors for COVID-19 patients
Authors: Önal Uğur , Güçlü Özge Aydın , AKALIN Halis , Öztürk Nilüfer Aylin Acet , Semet Cihan , Demirdöğen Ezgi , Dilektaşlı Aslı Görek , Sağlık İmran , Kazak Esra , Ozkaya Guven , Coşkun Funda , Ediger Dane , Heper Yasemin , Ursavas Ahmet , Yılmaz Emel , Uzaslan Esra , Karadağ Mehmet
Published: September 2021

Background: Determination of the prognostic factors which affects the
mortality and morbidity in COVID-19 patients, has an importance in terms
of planning the treatment and follow-up strategy. Material and Method:
Patients who had COVID-19 diagnosis via microbiologically and/or
radiologically between March and October 2020 in a tertiary-care
university hospital were recorded retrospectively. Only adult patients
(≥18 years) with clinical spectrum of moderate, severe and critical
illness were included in the study according to National Institutes of
Health (NIH) guideline. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered
significant. Ethical committee approval was given from the Uludag
University with decision number 2020-22/11. Also, the permission from
Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Health was given. Results: A total
number of 257 patients were included in the study. 30-day mortality rate
was recorded as 14.4%. In univariate analysis; age, chronic renal
failure, malignancy, cerebrovascular disease, number of comorbidities
>2, dyspnea, cough, NIH severe and critical illness, oxygen
saturation, respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure,
qSOFA, GCS, MEWS, SOFA, CURB-65, CCI, CRP, procalcitonin, CK, D-dimer,
lymphocyte and thrombocyte levels, neutrophile-to-lymphocyte ratio, AST,
albumin, hemoglobin, CK-MB, fibrinogen, LDH and potassium levels were
found as statistically significant (p<0.05). In logistic
regression analysis one point increase of SOFA (p<0.001,
OR:1.861, 95%CI:1.403-2.468) and CURB-65 scores (p=0.002, OR:2.484,
95%CI:1.401-4.406) were found as statistically significant for 30-day
mortality. In mortal patients, there were significant difference between
the baseline, day 3, 7 and 14 results of D-dimer (p=0.01), Ferritin
(p=0.042), leucocyte (p=0.019) and neutrophile count (p=0.007).
Conclusion: In our study, SOFA and CURB-65 scores on admission were
associated with mortality and these score systems might be useful tools
for the prognosis in COVID-19 patients.In addition to this, D-dimer,
Ferritin, leucocyte and neutrophile counts were significantly increased
during the follow up in patients with mortality.
SARCOPENIA DETECTED IN AGED PATIENTS IN INTENSIVE CARE UNITS IS ASSOCIATED WITH POOR PROGNOSIS
Authors: Akan Belgin , Gokcinar Derya , DAMGACI Lale , Cakir Esra , Özer Hamza , Turan Isil Ozkocak
Published: September 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnosis of
sarcopenia by abdominal tomography, prevelance and prognosis in critical
patient admitted to intensive care unit(ICU). Methods: It was planned as
a retrospective observational study. Patients older than 40 years of age
with abdominal tomography who needed to be in the ICU were included.
Muscle mass was measured by abdominal tomography. All patients were
divided into two groups as sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic according to
the measurement results. We compared the prognosis and clinical features
of patients with and without sarcopenia. Results: Fifty five(59%) of
all patients were found as sarcopenic and 70.8% over 70 years of age.
The length of stay in ICU and in hospital were 27.8 ± 29.7 and 33.0 ±
31.2 days in sarcopenic patients, 15.1±17 and 23.8±21.3 days in
nonsarcopenic patients respectively(p <0.05). Thirty day
mortality was found 49.1% in patients sarcopenic(<0.05). SMI
was found lower over aged 70 years(p <0.05). Conclusions:
Sarcopenia was associated with the increasing of 30 day mortality, a
prolongation in the lenght of stay in ICU and hospital. Therefore, we
believe that awareness about sarcopenia will be important in order to
shorten the mortality and lenght of stay in ICU.
Associations between plant and animal protein intake and anthropometric indices among school-aged girls in Kabul Afghanistan
Authors: Zahidi Fawzia , Farahmand Mohammad Ashraf , Basiry Mursal , Khalid Madiha , Surkan Pamela , Azadbakht Leila
Published: September 2021

Background: Adolescent girls in Afghanistan have high levels of food
insecurity, yet little is known about their dietary intakes. Therefore,
we aimed to study the association between dietary protein intake and
anthropometric indices among adolescent girls in Kabul, Afghanistan.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 380 adolescent girls at
16 government schools from eight randomly sampled zones in Kabul. In
July 2019, we assessed dietary intake, body mass index (BMI), physical
activity and socio-demographic variables. Binary logistic regression
models were used to estimate the associations between different protein
sources (plant protein, animal protein and total protein) and stunting,
wasting, overweight and obesity. Results: Participant mean age was
14.8±2 years and mean BMI was 19.8±3.6kg/m2. The mean intakes of
carbohydrates from plant proteins, animal proteins and total proteins
were approximately 59.4±19.6gr/day, 22.3±7.3gr/day and 81.8±27.1gr/day,
respectively. Students with more highly educated fathers consumed more
plant proteins (P<0.05). Participants had overall high dietary
plant protein intake (mean 34.8±22.0g/day), with 66% from grains,
cereals and flour. We did not find an association between dietary
protein intake and stunting (OR=0.92; CI: 0.55-1.54), wasting (OR= 0.98;
CI: 0.55-1.78), overweight (OR=1.18; CI: 0.62-2.25) or obesity (OR=0.84;
CI: 0.19-3.58). Conclusion: While prior research suggests that dietary
protein intake is associated with improved nutritional and
anthropometric indices, dietary protein intake in this study was not
associated with stunting, wasting, overweight and obesity. Further
investigation is needed on this topic.
High Impedance Alerts with Pulse Generator -- Lead Mismatch
Authors: Christie Simon , Tobgy Nada El , Seifer Colette , Khoo Clarence
Published: September 2021

Background: Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices (CIED) include pulse
generators and leads. In some implanting centres, it is common practice
to combine devices with leads from different companies. Case series have
reported episodic high-impedance changes in Boston Scientific CIEDs with
competitor leads. We investigated the incidence of high-impedance
abnormalities in matched vs. mismatched Boston Scientific CIEDs.
Methods: Retrospective chart review identified all consecutive Boston
Scientific Accolade pacemakers and Autogen implantable cardioverter
defibrillators (ICD) implanted between January 2017 and June 2019 at a
Canadian tertiary care centre. The primary outcome was the occurrence of
transient, high-impedance changes which resulted in a switch to unipolar
pacing / sensing in the absence of any other identifiable lead issue.
Fisher exact tests (two-tailed, α = 0.05) were used to compare the
incidence of outcomes in matched vs. mismatched systems. Results: 564
Boston Scientific CIEDs were identified associated with 969 individual
leads. The primary outcome occurred with 22 leads (21 Medtronic and 1
Abbott), associated with occasional pacing inhibition, syncope, and/or
early surgical revision. Mismatched systems were significantly
associated with CIED malfunction compared to matched systems (3.4% vs.
0%, P = 0.0001). Median time from implant to unipolar safety switch was
19.3 months. Median follow-up time was 21.6 months. Conclusion: Use of
mismatched leads with a Boston Scientific Accolade or Autogen device was
associated with increased system malfunction and adverse clinical
outcomes. Awareness of this interaction can allow for institution of
appropriate programming remedies and may increase scrutiny of the use of
mismatched CIED systems.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of resistin and RELMβ proteins: Insight into structural dynamics
Authors: Uluac L. América Chi , González M. Cristina Vargas
Published: September 2021

Diabetes mellitus and high levels of resistin are risk factors for
COVID-19, suggest- ing a shared mechanism for their contribution to the
increased severity of COVID-19. Resistin belongs to the family of
resistin-like molecules (RELMs) whose implications for inflammatory and
metabolic dysfunctions warrant its study in order to shed light on the
etiology of these concerning pathologies. In this work, our objective is
to char- acterize the structural dynamics of the reported crystallized
resistin-like molecules. We performed molecular dynamics simulations of
all-atom solvated protein at physiological and high temperatures for the
three mouse structures reported so far. We found that in all the
structures studied, there is a loss of helicity as a first step of
protein denat- uration. There is a high stability of the globular
β-sheet domain in resistin protein structures that is not conserved for
RELMβ. At high temperature, we found a partial interconversion of
α-helices into β-sheets in all proteins, indicating that this propensity
is not only found during aggregation but also heating. We had been able
to identify a largely persistent hydrogen-bond network shared by all the
proteins in the interchain globular domain at room temperature. This
network of hydrogen bonds is conserved considerably at high temperature
in resistin structures, but not in RELMβ. These findings may guide
future studies to increase our understanding of the different and shared
mechanisms of action of RELMs.
Addressing Concerns toward Xenotransplantation
Authors: Hurst Daniel , Padilla Lluz , Paris Wayne , Cooper David , Cleveland David
Published: September 2021

There is increasing attention being given toward social and ethical
implications of xenotransplantation that may begin relatively soon. IN a
recent commentary by Loebe and Parker, the authors address many of the
social and ethical issues in regard to xenotransplantation, but do so
only superficially. This letter to the editor responds to many of the
points they raise.
ATP stress MCE in evaluating coronary microvascular spasm: a case report
Authors: xuebing Liu , Li Chun-Mei , Qing-Feng Zhang
Published: September 2021

We report a case of coronary microvascular spasm assessed by ATP stress
MCE (myocardial contrast electrocardiography). The patient had chest
pain, but the coronary angiography was normal. There was apical
ventricular septal perfusion delay before ATP stress, and the perfusion
was significantly improved at peak stress, which was similar to the
radionuclide myocardial perfusion characteristics of coronary
microvascular spasm, In the recovery period, the flow spectrum
resistance of the distal coronary artery of the left anterior descending
artery increased compared with that before stress, which further
confirmed that local coronary microvascular spasm was induced after
vasodilation.
The Liverpool Experience: The Role of Immunosuppression in treating Vasculitic Subglottic Stenosis
Authors: Zammit Matthew , Dhunnoo Vedika , Kinshuck Andrew , Hardy Sarah , Harper Janice , Panarese Alessandroo , Webb Christopher
Published: September 2021

Five Key Points • Subglottic stenosis (SGS) is the commonest
tracheobronchial manifestation of granulomatosis with polyangiitis
(GPA), with early recognition and treatment key to preventing its
vasculitic progression and fibrosis. • Previous studies have shown SGS
to be the first feature of GPA in 4% of cases. It is not uncommon to
see negative biochemical (10% ANCA negative) and negative histological
biopsies (77% of head and neck specimens are negative). • Our
management strategy emphasized rapid SGS-GPA treatment with limited
surgical manipulation of the airway and systemic immunosuppression (IS)
to prevent evolution of SGS & concurrent systemic vasculitic relapse. •
In our study early multi-disciplinary team involvement to deliver
induction IS in the presence of active SGS-GPA led to a procedure free
interval (PFI) of 31.3 months. This is a significant increase compared
to other published studies. • Nineteen percent (4/21) of the cohort did
not require any surgical input following induction IS.
Sinonasal IgG4-RD: Case Report and Systematic Review
Authors: Wilson Caleb , Brownlee Benjamin , Rassi Edward El , McKinney Kibwei
Published: September 2021

Immunoglobin G4 – related disease (IgG4-RD) is a chronic
fibro-inflammatory condition that presents as a single or multiple
tumefactive lesions affecting virtually any organ system. Here we report
a case of recurrent sinonasal IgG4-RD and review the literature of this
evolving entity.
The effects of condensed tannins on behaviour and performance of a specialist aphid on Aspen
Authors: Rodríguez Barbara Diez , Kloth Karen , Albrectsen Benedicte
Published: September 2021

The plant defence syndromes (PDSs) concept predicts host plants should
develop diverse resistance profiles against their herbivores. We used
Electrical Penetration Graphs (EPG) to investigate complex and
genotype-specific penetration-barriers to Chaitophorous tremulae aphid
feeding on Aspen (Populus tremula). Leaf condensed tannins were
associated with enhanced probing activity and increased ingestion of
xylem sap. Aphids probed less on Aspen genotypes low in tannins,
suggesting other defence traits might be elicited. Our results support
the idea of multi-layered PDS defence traits, and provide evidence of
high plasticity in tannin profiles across temporal and spatial scales.
We conclude that tannin plasticity may form a dynamically unpredictable
aspect of the PDS defence arsenal that protects Aspen against
piercing-sucking aphids.
Point-of-Care Respiratory Muscle Ultrasound in a Child with Medical Complexity
Authors: Kharasch Sigmund , SELAME LAUREN , Dumas Helene , Shokoohi Hamid , Liteplo Andrew , Kharasch Eleanor , Kharasch Virginia
Published: September 2021

Point-of-care ultrasound of the diaphragm is a simple, noninvasive,
dynamic bedside evaluation of diaphragm function that involves no
ionizing radiation, does not require patient transport, and enables the
serial evaluation of diaphragmatic function over time. Adverse effects
on the diaphragm attributed to ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction
include longer weaning times, ventilation time and weaning failure.
Recent investigations of point-of-care ultrasound evaluating the
expiratory muscles of the lateral abdominal wall have found similar
adverse effects of mechanical ventilation on these important respiratory
muscles resulting in weaning difficulty as well as impaired airway
clearance. Children with medical complexity have significant chronic
health conditions that may involve multisystem disease (congenital or
acquired), high medical fragility, functional and psychosocial
impairment, technology dependence (tracheostomies, mechanical
ventilation, feeding tubes) and high resource utilization (frequent
and/or prolonged hospitalizations). Weaning children dependent on
mechanical ventilation is a common rehabilitation goal that has
beneficial effects on the quality of life, ease of care, and
functionality for transitioning to home care. We present a case of
weaning difficulty in a child with medical complexity and the important
role of point-of-care ultrasound in the evaluation of the diaphragm and
expiratory muscles during a spontaneous breathing trial.
Community assembly in plant-bacterium symbiotic interactions in a natural environment: Does host genetic variation matter?
Authors: Kagiya Shinnosuke , Kucho Ken-ichi , Utsumi Shunsuke
Published: September 2021

Community assembly of diverse mutualistic symbionts in host plants have
recently received much attention. On the other hand, for decades,
researchers have also focused on a role of genetic variation for shaping
ecological communities. However, it remains unclear how local
interaction networks between a host and symbionts are shaped from the
pool of genetically diverse microorganisms in the natural rhizosphere.
In this study, we comprehensively analyzed local and regional genetic
communities of Frankia in host individuals and in surrounding
soils using metabarcoding to unravel community assembly in shaping
interaction networks between plants and root nodule symbionts, both of
which are genetically diverse, in natural ecosystems. We found that
Frankia communities in rhizosphere soil were consisted of
tremendously diverse strains. The diverse Frankia communities in
rhizosphere soils were heterogeneously structured by the presence of
host individuals and soil nutritional status. Furthermore,
quantification of the filtering forces by community analysis
demonstrated that the filtering forces that shape symbiotic networks
would depend on genetic variation in the host plant. This study suggests
that filtering mechanisms and host genetics would have a profound role
in shaping plant-bacterium symbiotic networks in natural environments.
Habitat occupancy of sloth bear Melursus ursinus in Chitwan National Park, Nepal
Authors: Paudel Rajan , Kadariya Rabin , Lamichhane Babu Ram , Subedi Naresh , Sashika Mariko , Shimozuru Michito , Tsubota Toshio
Published: September 2021

Mammals around the world face serious threats and experience massive
decline in their populations and geographic ranges. The sloth bear has
become extinct from two of five range countries and the existing
population face serious conservation threats. Despite being endangered
in Nepal, decades of conservation obliviousness have hindered their
conservation and management. We assessed the distribution and habitat
use by sloth bears in relation to landscape, environmental, and
anthropogenic factors in Chitwan National Park, Nepal. We conducted a
sign survey from March-June 2020 in 4*4 km2 grids (n=45) in a
checkerboard approach. An observation was spatially replicated four
times by recording information in four continuous search trails of 1 km
each. We recorded presence/absence of sloth bears, termites, fruits and
disturbance in the field and extracted information on tree cover,
terrain ruggedness and vegetation index from remotely sensed image of
the study area. The data was analyzed using single species-single season
occupancy method in PRESENCE software. By using repeated observations
these models account for imperfect detectability of species to provide
robust estimates of species occupancy. Averaged habitat occupancy
estimate obtained from the best models was Ѱ = 0.53 ± 0.04SE with
detection probability p = 0.44 ± 0.1SE. Selection of variable based on
summed AIC weight from the top models (AIC<2) showed that
presence of termites (ƩWi=0.66) significantly influenced sloth bear
habitat occupancy. Habitat occupancy was positively influenced by
termites followed by fruits, disturbance, terrain ruggedness and
vegetation productivity, whereas, it was negatively influenced by tree
cover. We suggest that future conservation interventions and action
plans aimed at sloth bear management must adequately consider these
requirements and issues.
Multidisciplinary out-patient treatment with monitoring by telemedicine for a large-volume multifocal pyogenic liver abscess in times of the pandemic
Authors: Tebbe Johannes , Kulamadayil-Heidenreich Nidhi-Su-Ann , Heidenreich Holger , Bongartz Hans-Georg , Tebbe Sandra
Published: September 2021

We presenting a patient suffering from a multi-focal liver abscess. Due
to the corona pandemic the patient was treated conservatively using
recurring out-patient visits. Follow-up was carried through dialogue
with the GP, as well as daily telemedicine visits. The virtual visits
were supplemented by episodical ultrasound scans.
Dynamic Modelling and Model Predictive Control of a Continuous Pulp Digester
Authors: Zhang Lu , Xie Junyao , Dubljevic Stevan
Published: September 2021

This work explores the model predictive controller design of the continuous pulp digester process consisting of the co-current zone and counter-current zone modelled by a set of nonlinear coupled hyperbolic partial differential equations (PDE).
The distributed parameter system of interest is not spectral and slow-fast dynamic separation does not hold.
To address this challenge, the nonlinear continuous-time model is linearized and discretized in time utilizing the Cayley-Tustin discretization framework, which ensures system theoretic properties and structure preservation without spatial discretization or model reduction.
The discrete model is used in the full state model predictive controller design, which is augmented by the Luenberger observer design to achieve the output constrained regulation.
Finally, a numerical example is provided to demonstrate the feasibility and applicability of the proposed controller designs.
Approximately Optimal Fixed-Structure Controllers Using Neural Networks
Authors: McClement Daniel , Lawrence Nathan P. , Loewen Philip , Forbes Michael , Backstrom Johan , Gopaluni Bhushan
Published: September 2021

Fixed structure controllers (such as proportional-integral-derivative
controllers) are used extensively in industry. Finding a practical and
versatile method to tune these controllers, particularly with imprecise
process models and limited online computational resources, is an
industrially relevant problem which could improve the efficiency of many
plants. In this paper, we present two flexible neural network-based
approaches capable of tuning any fixed structure controller for any
control objective and process model and compare their advantages and
disadvantages. The first approach is derived from supervised learning
and classical optimization techniques, while the second approach applies
techniques used in deep reinforcement learning. Both approaches
incorporate model uncertainties when selecting controller parameters,
reducing the need for costly experiments to precisely estimate model
parameters in a plant. Both methods are also computationally efficient
online, enabling their widespread usage.
Hourly Variability in Outflow Tract Ectopy as a Predictor of its Site of Origin
Authors: Waight Michael , Li Anthony , Leung Lisa , Wiles Benedict , Thomas Gareth , Gallagher Mark , Behr Elijah , Sohal Manav , Jimenez Alejandro , Saba Magdi
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Prior to ablation, predicting the site of origin (SOO) of
outflow tract ventricular arrhythmia (OTVA), can inform patient consent
and facilitate appropriate procedural planning. We set out to determine
if OTVA variability can accurately predict SOO. Methods: Consecutive
patients with a clear SOO identified at OTVA ablation had their prior
24-hour ambulatory ECGs retrospectively analysed (derivation cohort).
Percentage ventricular ectopic (VE) burden, hourly VE values, episodes
of trigeminy/bigeminy, and the variability in these parameters were
evaluated for their ability to distinguish right from left sided SOO.
Effective parameters were then prospectively tested on a validation
cohort of consecutive patients undergoing their first OTVA ablation.
Results: High VE variability (coefficient of variation ≥ 0.7) and the
presence of any hour with < 50 VE, were found to accurately
predict RVOT SOO in a derivation cohort of 40 patients. In a validation
cohort of 29 patients, the correct SOO was prospectively identified in
23/29 patients (79.3%) using CoV, and 26/29 patients (89.7%) using VE
< 50. Including current ECG algorithms, VE < 50 had
the highest Youden Index (78), the highest positive predictive value
(95.0%) and the highest negative predictive value (77.8%). Conclusion:
VE variability and the presence of a single hour where VE < 50
can be used to accurately predict SOO in patients with OTVA. Accuracy of
these parameters compares favourably to existing ECG algorithms.
Overcoming limitations to environmental DNA studies: A coastal temperate reference sequence database for multiple chloroplast gene regions generated in a single assay.
Authors: Foster Nicole , Dijk Kor-jent , Biffin Ed , Young Jennifer , Thomson Vicki , Gillanders Bronwyn , Jones Alice , Waycott Michelle
Published: September 2021

A proliferation in environmental DNA (eDNA) research has increased the
reliance on reference sequence databases to assign unknown DNA sequences
to known taxa. Without comprehensive reference databases, DNA extracted
from environmental samples cannot be correctly assigned to taxa,
limiting the use of this genetic information to identify organisms in
unknown sample mixtures. For animals, standard metabarcoding practices
involve amplification of the mitochondrial Cytochrome-c oxidase subunit
1 (CO1) region, which is a universally amplifyable region across
majority of animal taxa. This region, however, does not work well as a
DNA barcode for plants and fungi, and there is no similar universal
single barcode locus that has the same species resolution. Therefore,
generating reference sequences has been more difficult and several loci
have been suggested to be used in parallel to get to species
identification. For this reason, we developed a multi-gene targeted
capture approach to generate reference DNA sequences for plant taxa
across 20 target chloroplast gene regions in a single assay. We
successfully compiled a reference database for 93 temperate coastal
plants including seagrasses, mangroves, and saltmarshes/samphire’s. We
demonstrate the importance of a comprehensive reference database to
prevent species going undetected in eDNA studies. We also investigate
how using multiple chloroplast gene regions impacts the ability to
discriminate between taxa.