bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Modernisasi Administrasi Perpajakan, Transparansi dan Kepercayaan Wajib Pajak Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak
Authors: Bahrien Maretta , Purba Mortigor Afrizal
Published: April 2024

Studi ini bertujuan untuk menilai dampak dari pembaruan dalam administrasi perpajakan, tingkat transparansi, dan kepercayaan wajib pajak terhadap tingkat kepatuhan para wajib pajak individu di KPP Pratama Batam Selatan. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 400.034 wajib pajak individu yang terdaftar di KPP Pratama Batam Selatan. Untuk pemilihan sampel, digunakan rumus Slovin yang menghasilkan 100 responden wajib pajak individu sebagai sampel. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner yang disebar menggunakan Google Form dan diukur menggunakan skala Likert. Penelitian ini termasuk serangkaian pengujian seperti analisis deskriptif, uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji regresi linear berganda, uji normalitas, uji multikolinearitas, uji heteroskedastisitas, uji F, uji t, dan uji koefisien determinasi dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak SPSS versi 22. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modernisasi administrasi perpajakan memiliki dampak positif dan signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak secara individual, sedangkan transparansi tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan. Kepercayaan wajib pajak, baik secara individual maupun bersama-sama dengan faktor lain, terbukti berdampak positif dan signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak individu di KPP Pratama Batam Selatan
The Effect of Product Diversification and Brand Equity on Purchase Decisions With Promotion Strategy as a Moderator
Authors: Tarunay Oliver Ignatius , Yudha Sapta Pratama  , Evien
Published: April 2024

Product diversification and brand equity are two critical factors that can influence consumer purchasing decisions. Product diversification can expand the range of products and services available to consumers, while brand equity can create trust and consumer loyalty. Promotion strategies can also serve as a moderator in the relationship between product diversification and brand equity with purchasing decisions. This research aims to analyze the impact of product diversification, brand equity, and promotion strategies on purchasing decisions. This study uses the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method with the assistance of Smart PLS software. The Hair method is used to determine the sample size, resulting in 140 respondents. The research results show that product diversification and brand equity have a positive influence on purchasing decisions. Promotion strategies play a moderating role that strengthens the influence of product diversification and brand equity on purchasing decisions, with the coefficient of determination analysis showing a figure of 72.6%, while the remaining 27.4% is influenced by other unexamined factors. Implications for companies indicate that companies aiming to enhance consumer purchasing decisions need to pay attention to two aspects: product diversification and brand equity. Product diversification can be achieved by offering a variety of products that can meet the diverse needs and desires of consumers. Brand equity can be built by creating trust and consumer loyalty. Furthermore, companies also need to use appropriate promotion strategies to enhance consumer purchasing decisions. Promotion strategies can be used to influence consumer perceptions of the products or services offered.
Urgensi Persistensi Laba: Antara Debt To Asset Ratio, Current Ratio, Volatilitas Arus Kas Operasi Dan Return On Asset Pada Perusahaan Jasa Subsektor Transportasi Dan Logistik Yang Terdaftar Di Bei Periode Tahun 2015-2022
Authors: Herliawati Linda , Berliani Kartika
Published: April 2024

Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk memverifikasi sejauh mana Debt to Asset Ratio, Current Ratio, Volatilitas Arus Kas Operasi, dan Return on Asset dapat mempengaruhi Persistensi Laba pada perusahaan-perusahaan subsektor transportasi dan logistik yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan metode kuantitatif yang menggabungkan pendekatan deskriptif dan verifikatif. Data sekunder yang digunakan merupakan laporan keuangan delapan tahun terakhir dari perusahaan-perusahaan jasa di subsektor transportasi dan logistik. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengambilan sample adalah Purposive Sampling, sehingga berdasarkan kriteria yang diterapkan dari 30 populasi yang terdaftar, hanya 7 populasi yang berhasil memenuhi kriteria dan direkomendasi untuk digunakan sebagai objek penelitian. Hasil temuan analisis deskriptif menunjukan rata-rata nilai Persistensi Laba sebuah perusahaan sebesar 0,088, yang jelas berada di bawah ambang 50%, menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas perusahaan memiliki tingkat konsistensi laba yang kurang memuaskan. Sedangkan hasil analisis verifikatif menyimpulkan bahwa variabel-varibel seperti DAR, CR, VAK, dan ROA secara serentak memengaruhi persistensi laba. Hasil ini didukung oleh nilai f-hitung yaitu 3,288 dengan p-value 0,015, menunjukkan bahwa variabel-variabel tersebut memengaruhi secara signifikan terhadap persistensi laba. Kesimpulan yang dapat ditarik adalah manajemen keuangan haruslah cermat dan terfokus pada pengelolaan utang, likuiditas, volatilitas arus kas, dan efisiensi penggunaan aset, sehingga dapat menjaga konsistensi laba perusahaan dalam jangka panjang di sektor transportasi dan logistik.
The Influence of Taxation Knowledge, Taxpayer Awareness, and Tax Sanctions on Individual Taxpayer Compliance (At the Bandung Cicadas Primary Tax Office)
Authors: Alamsyah Dela Adhanissa , Kusumawardani Astrin , Daur Fransisko Caserio
Published: April 2024

This research uses data from KPP Pratama Bandung Cicadas to highlight concerns about taxpayer compliance, especially with regard to self-assessed taxes. When it comes to tax knowledge, awareness, penalties and compliance, researchers have different opinions. The results highlight the influence of understanding, awareness, and impact on taxpayer behaviour as well as the collection of government taxes. An analysis of the relationship between taxpayer compliance and tax knowledge, awareness, and penalties is carried out through the use of descriptive and verification techniques in a quantitative research. Taxpayers of KPP Pratama Bandung Cicadas will be surveyed to determine the extent to which tax knowledge, awareness, and penalties influence compliance. This is done without comparing or linking the factors. Slovin was used to extract 100 taxpayers from a total of 300,740. We use quantitative and descriptive statistics. Tax compliance and tax policy should be improved as a result of this study. According to the research, people who are more aware of the tax rules are better able to pay their taxes. Enforcing tax rules through the use of tax penalties increases taxpayer understanding. According to the results of the research, the increase in taxpayer compliance at the Bandung Cicadas Primary Tax Service Office can be attributed to increased tax knowledge, awareness, and penalties. Given that these three factors statistically influence taxpayer compliance, it is important to study them together. Tax education, taxpayer awareness, and the effectiveness of tax penalties are some of the recommendations made in the study to increase taxpayer compliance.
The Effect Of Business Size, Business Age, And Education Level on the Use of Accounting Information (among MSMEs in the food sector, Cisewu District, Garut Regency
Authors: Mutiara Shelvianti Chyntia , Damayanti Santi
Published: April 2024

Assessing the impact of factors such as age is the aim of this study, size, and level of education have from the utilisation of accountancy data in micros, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) operating in the food processing industry in Cisewu County, which is categorised as Ghartout District. In particular, the study will concentrate on the utilisation of accounting data in micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs). The data collection process for thats study is carried out using a methodical approach. For the purpose of analysing the data this is was collected and determining the importance on the findings, quantitative data analysis methods have been utilised. These tools include statistical tests. All micro, little, and medium companies (MSMEs) that are especially active in the food processing sector in Cisewu District, which is located in Ghartout Regency, are included in the scope of the study. A census of the complete population, which comprised of 62 different business units, was carried out by the research organisation in order to guarantee that the study would be accurate and comprehensive. In addition, the t-test and the F-test were utilised in order word determine the statistical to significance of the components that were linked with the utilisation of accounting information. Specifically, the results showed that the use of accountancy information by Micro, SME and Medium sized Enterprises (MSMEs) in the food industry in Cisewu District, Garut Regency was significantly and positively influenced by firm size, firm age and firm education level. This was the case in Cisewu District.
The Influence of SAK EMKM Socialization, Accounting Understanding and Education Level on the Implementation of SAK EMKM (In MSMEs in Cinambo District, Bandung City)
Authors: Gunawan Herdiansyah , Hamdani Deni
Published: April 2024

Definitely there are several roles played by MSMEs in driving economic growth and development throughout the country. With this being the case, financial reporting and funding challenges often plague these firms. These challenges must be resolved to achieve anything. Financial Accounting standars for micro, smalls and mediums-sized entities primary aim is to make accrual-based financial statements simpler and improve bank borrowing. Despite its benefits, Financial Accounting standars for micro, smalls and mediums-sized entities has not been implemented often, especially in Cinambo District, Bandung City. The inadequate training on how to deal with people, failure to understand business language and general lack of knowledge by small scale business operators are some of the reasons why this is happening. Several studies have found that accounting literacy is a significant determinant for the adoption of Financial Accounting standars for micro, smalls and mediums-sized entities. Objectives are set using research methods to address problems. This study uses quantitative research methodologies: descriptive and verification techniques in analyzing factors affecting the application of Simplified Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small, and Medium Entities (Financial Accounting standars for micro, smalls and mediums-sized entities) in Cinambo District, Bandung City, Indonesia. The appraisal of regression analysis involves an assessment of dependability, typicality, hetroscedasticity, the F test and finally the t-test. As shown by two Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of 0.740 and 0.901, a reliability assessment demonstrates that there is satisfactory internal consistency for this measurement instrument. The test for normality indicates that it does exist. Heteroscedasticity shows no trend in the distribution of data sets. The high F value (14.811) and low significance (0.000) of the F test show that the regression model is significant. The t test shows that the variables "Socialisation of Financial Accounting standars for micro, smalls and mediums-sized entities" and "Accounting Understanding" are considerably affecting the variable "Application of Financial Accounting standars for micro, smalls and mediums-sized entities," whereas the variable "Education Level" has a less strong one.
Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Dan Harga TerhadapKepuasan Pelanggan Pengguna Gojek (Go – Ride) Studi Pada Mahasiswa Kota Yogyakarta
Authors: Sari Betti Ratna , Damayanti Dila
Published: April 2024

Telah terjadi pergeseran sosial yang disebabkan oleh kemajuan teknologi komunikasi yang pesat. Semakin banyak perusahaan bermunculan berkat kemajuan teknologi komunikasi; salah satunya adalah layanan ojek online. Orang-orang sangat bergantung pada transportasi, itulah sebabnya kita perlu memangkas waktu perjalanan. Bisnis membutuhkan rencana pemasaran yang efektif untuk mengungguli pesaing mereka dan memastikan eksistensi mereka. Untuk tetap bertahan dalam bisnis dan menarik serta mempertahankan pelanggan, perusahaan transportasi online harus beradaptasi dengan tren baru, seperti meningkatkan kualitas layanan dan secara konsisten mengutamakan kebutuhan konsumen. Di kalangan mahasiswa di Yogyakarta, studi ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki bagaimana kepuasan pelanggan menggunakan Gojek (Go-Ride) berkorelasi dengan kualitas layanan. Untuk studi ini, diperlukan jumlah sampel sebanyak 100 orang. Pendekatan sampel purposive digunakan oleh peneliti untuk memilih partisipan. Data untuk studi ini dianalisa dengan mempergunakan software statistik SPSS 23. Studi ini merupakan contoh dari teknik kuantitatif yang diterapkan. Temuan ini mengkonfirmasi hipotesa dari uji parsial ini bahwa kualitas layanan berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan pelanggan (5.156 > 1.986), yang didasarkan pada nilai t yang diestimasi untuk variabel kualitas layanan. Karena nilai t-hitung (5,201 > 1,986) lebih besar dari nilai t-tabel dan nilai signifikansi (0,000 < 0,025) pada variabel harga lebih kecil dari 0,025, maka uji parsial yang mengindikasikan bahwa harga berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan pelanggan juga dapat diterima. Pengguna Gojek (Go-Ride) yang sebagian besar ialah mahasiswa Yogyakarta, dilaporkan tidak selalu puas dengan kualitas layanan yang mereka dapatkan, terutama dalam hal tarif.
Analysis of the Effect of Profit Accounting, Economic Growth, Interest Rates and Capital Structure on Share Prices in Property and Real Estate Companies
Authors: Sariningsih Eka , Yuliana Yuliana , Lukman Iing , Hayati Nena
Published: April 2024

Economic growth signifies a period marked by an increase in real national income or real gross national product. This study aims to assess the effects of accounting profits, economic growth, interest rates, and capital structure on share prices within the financial statements of property and real estate firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Utilizing secondary data, the sample comprises 11 property and real estate firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange over a five-year period. Employing purposive sampling, the research period spans five years. Multiple regression analysis is employed as the analytical method. The findings reveal a positive correlation between capital structure and accounting profits with stock prices, whereas economic growth and interest rates do not significantly influence stock prices. This research underscores the importance for companies to prioritize factors influencing stock prices
Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Likuiditas dan pertumbuhan Perusahaan Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Sektor Perbankan
Authors: Metasari Atika , Hikmah Hikmah
Published: April 2024

Tujuan dari kajian ini ialah guna memahami peran profitabilitas (ROE), likuiditas (CR), serta pertumbuhan perusahaan dalam menentukan nilai pasar perusahaan disektor perbankan yang tercatat di BEI. Populasi kajian ini terdiri dari 46 lembaga keuangan, dan sampel diambil sebanyak 27 sampel dengan menggunakan teknik Purposive Sampling. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dan jenis datanya adalah data kuantitatif. Data laporan keuangan perusahaan perbankan yang digunakan pada periode 2019-2021. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linier berganda, uji t, uji f dan analisis koefisien determinan (R2) dengan menggunakan SPSS versi 26. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Profitabilitas (ROE) berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan perbankan, Likuiditas (Current ratio) berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan perbankan, Pertumbuhan perusahaan (Growth Asset) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan perbankan, Profitabilitas, likuiditas dan pertumbuhan perusahaan berpengaruh signifikan secara simultan terhadap nilai perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2019-2021.
Virtual tourism for older adults living in residential care: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Fiocco Alexandra , Millett Geneva , D'Amico Danielle , Krieger Laura , Sivashankar Yadurshana , Lee Seung Hwan (Mark) , Lachman Richard
Published: April 2024

Due to financial and mobility barriers, a majority of older adults living in collective dwellings are no longer able to engage in tourism, a leisure activity that contributes to quality of life and wellbeing. Immersive Virtual Reality (VR) may serve as a programmatic tool to facilitate tourism. This pilot study examined the effects of VR tourism exposure on indices of psychosocial wellbeing among older adults living in residential care. Using a mixed-methods study design, 18 older adults were exposed to VR tourism three times a week, over six weeks. Participants reported decreased anxiety and fatigue immediately following exposure, and increased social engagement and quality of life following six weeks of VR tourism. Qualitative data offered additional insight on the process by which VR tourism may enhance wellbeing. Findings suggest that immersive VR tourism may be a viable program for older adults in residential care.
Mindful aging: The association between trait mindfulness and expectations regarding aging among middle aged and older adults
Authors: Fiocco Alexandra , Meisner Brad A.
Published: April 2024

Objectives: Positive Expectations Regarding Aging serve as a protective factor of healthy aging; however, negative stereotypes regarding aging continue to dominate popular aging discourse. It is proposed that trait mindfulness (TM) is associated with aging expectations through the cultivation of openness, curiosity, and non-judgment to one’s thoughts, emotions, and sensations, whether they are positive or negative.

Methods: Associations between the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire and the Expectations Regarding Aging Survey (ERA-38) were examined among 201 participants aged 55+ years.

Results: Analyses revealed that higher levels of TM was significantly associated with positive aging expectations, controlling for retirement and socioeconomic status (R2change= 14.0%, F(5,192) = 7.17, p < .001).

Conclusion: The development of TM, notably the facet of non-judgment, may be used to promote positive aging expectations to help support healthy aging.
Exploring the benefits of mindfulness training in healthy independent community-dwelling older adults using a mixed methods approach
Authors: Fiocco Alexandra , Mallya Sasha , Farzaneh Mitra , Koszycki Diana
Published: April 2024

The current randomized controlled study employed a mixed methods approach to better elucidate the benefits of mindfulness meditation for stress management among healthy older adults. Ninety-six older adults were randomly assigned to either a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI, n = 57) or a reading and relaxation program (RRP, n = 39). Participants completed the stress profile pre- and post-intervention and a series of open-ended questions post-intervention for qualitative analysis. Results suggest that both groups displayed improvements from baseline for perceived hassles, global health habits, and psychological wellbeing. Between-groups differences at post-intervention were only found for threat minimization, with the MBI group displaying a relative increase in this coping strategy relative to the RRP group. Results were not moderated by baseline perceived stress. Qualitative benefits and challenges of each program were identified. Current findings contribute to the scarce literature examining mindfulness in older adults and suggest that employing a mixed -methods approach can help to more accurately evaluate the benefits of mindfulness training in this population.
A qualitative study of the usability and likeability of a virtual group-based social support program for older adults in residential care
Authors: Millett Geneva , Franco Giselle , Fiocco Alexandra
Published: April 2024

Objectives: Despite social engagement being a robust predictor of wellbeing for older adults living in residential care, social programming ceased during the COVID-19 pandemic to abide by social distancing guidelines. Consequently, a tablet-based program called the Java Music Club-Digital (JMC-D) was developed. The JMC-D enables residents to engage with peers through discussion and singing from the safety of their own rooms. This study investigated the likability and usability of the JMC-D for older adults living in residential care and recreation staff.

Methods: Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and focus groups with seven residents and three recreation coordinators. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results: Three themes emerged: 1) Addressing a need, 2) Factors that affect virtual social connection, and 3) Usability. Interest in future participation in the JMC-D program varied depending on certain personal characteristics including comfort with computers, openness to new experiences, and existing social network.

Conclusion: Findings suggest that the JMC-D is likeable and usable for residents and recreation coordinators.

Clinical implications: Study findings can be applied by researchers and residential care staff who wish to increase the use of virtual social programs to improve the psychosocial health of residents. Constructive feedback was incorporated into the platform.
A cross-cultural analysis of salivary cortisol patterns in breast cancer survivors
Authors: Wan Cynthia , Boileau Kayla , D'Amico Danielle , Huang Vivian , Fiocco Alexandra , Clément Richard , Bielajew Catherine
Published: April 2024

Aim: In this study, we examined whether Chinese and White women with and without a history of breast cancer exhibit differences in physiological and psychological stress profiles. Methods: Diurnal and reactive salivary cortisol profiles and psychological stress patterns of 41 breast cancer survivors and 58 healthy women were assessed. Results: Breast cancer survivors displayed a blunted acute cortisol response but there was no main effect of ethnocultural membership. Subjective appraisals of stress during the acute stressor revealed a significant interaction between ethnocultural group, health status and time (p = 0.032). Conclusion: Our results support the existing literature though suggest group differences in the appraisal of stress; thus, underscoring the importance of cultural sensitivity and awareness among clinicians and existing programs. 
Conception rates of cows inseminated with frozen semen of Rural Development Academy, Bogura, Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan Mehedi , Islam Riazul , Tanzin Mashrufa , Juyena Nasrin Sultana , Bhuiyan Mohammad Musharraf Uddin
Published: April 2024

Background: The first service conception rate (FSCR) is an important parameter for any artificial insemination (AI) programme. The present study was conducted to determine the FSCR and its influencing factors in cows inseminated with frozen semen produced by Rural Development Academy, Bogura.
Methods: Data were collected from 372 cows at 39 villages under Sherpur Upazilla of Bogura district on breed, age, body condition score (BCS), parity, milk yield, suckling, AI season and the interval between oestrus to AI using a questionnaire.
Results: The overall FSCR of cows was 66.4% and the service per conception was 1.53. The FSCR was higher (74.1%) in local cows compared to the Holstein-Friesian (HF) cross counterpart (64.2%). The FSCR was higher (70.4%) in 24-47 months old cows compared to 84-98 months old counterpart (61.5%). The highest FSCR (81.6%) was observed in cows with 3.0 to 3.5 BCS and the lowest (25.7%) was observed in cows with 2.5 BCS. The highest FSCR (68.3%) was observed in the 0 (zero) parity (heifers) group of cows and the lowest (62.5%) was observed in the 4-7 parity counterpart. The highest FSCR (72.4%) was observed in cows yielded daily >15-22 L milk and the lowest (62.1%) was observed in cows yielded ≤5 L milk. The highest FSCR (72.7%) was observed in suckling restricted cows and the lowest (60.9%) was observed in cows that had several times suckling daily. The highest FSCR (72.1%) was observed in cows received inseminations in Rainy (July-October) season and the lowest (58.4%) was observed in cows received inseminations in Winter (November-February). The highest FSCR (67.1%) was observed in cows received inseminations between 12-18 hrs of detection of oestrus and the lowest (59.1%) was observed in cows received insemination between 8-11 hrs of detection of oestrus. However, the difference in FSCR in cows with different BCS groups was significant (p<0.01).
Conclusion: The current FSCR in cows can be considered to be satisfactory. The BCS of cows significantly influences the FSCR in cows.
COVID-19 Australia: Epidemiology Report 83 Reporting period ending 14 January 2024
Authors:   Viral Respiratory Diseases Epidemiology and Surveillance Section
Published: April 2024

This is the eighty-third epidemiological report for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), reported in Australia as at 23:59 Australian Eastern Daylight Time [AEST] 14 January 2024. It includes data on COVID-19 cases diagnosed in Australia.
Analisis Unjuk Kerja Turbin Ulir Archimedes Satu Sudu dengan Variasi Head
Authors: Gunawan Gad , Kimana Cloudiandy Mukti , Suanggana Doddy , Djafar Alfian
Published: April 2024

Solusi alternatif yang menjawab permasalahan energi fosil adalah penggunaan energi terbarukan. Energi air merupakan salah satu energi terbarukan yang cukup besar penggunaannya di dunia. Salah satu turbin yang cocok diaplikasikan pada kondisi aliran  dengan head yang rendah adalah turbin Ulir Archimedes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  menguji performa turbin ulir Archimedes pada beberapa head, yaitu head 300 mm, 500 mm dan 700 mm. Turbin yang digunakan memiliki jumlah sudu satu. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimen, yang dilakukan di laboratorium pada instalasi pengujian yang dirancang.  Pada eksperimen ini didapatkan  daya tertinggi didapatkan pada head 700 mm sebesar 6,407 Watt dan efisiensi terbesar 26,59% pada variasi head 500 mm. Hal ini menunjukkan performa suatu turbin tergantung pada kondisi operasinya.
Equity, Diversity and Inclusion: Class Inequalities within the British Documentary Film Industry
Authors: Tarnovskaya Ekaterina , Bailey Michael
Published: April 2024

While there is a considerable amount of scholarship and grey literature about social exclusions within the UK cultural industries, the sociology of cultural labour has paid little attention to documentary film-making as a relatively elitist occupation that is maintained by systemic inequalities. Based on semi-structured interviews with several independent documentary film-makers about their own labouring subjectivities, and qualitative analysis of relevant academic literature and cultural policies, this article critically explores how class inequalities are understood, reproduced, negotiated or resisted within contemporary British documentary film-making. The research findings demonstrate that documentarians from socially disadvantaged backgrounds are more likely to face significant obstacles in the film-making sector than their privileged counterparts. While the majority of respondents are aware of structural disadvantages, champion more inclusive forms of creativity and are committed to improving discriminatory working conditions, a small number of participants believe that the social relations of documentary film production are meritocratic, can be characterised by their celebration of neoliberal values and a willingness to defend the industry's employment practices. The article concludes with a series of recommendations for creative organisations, government and policymakers.
‘Bridal Outfits from the Heart of Filmland’: Clothes Rationing, Wartime Film Production and Gainsborough Pictures’ Studio Hire Service
Authors: Farmer Richard
Published: April 2024

This article explores the Studio Hire Service, a wardrobe ‘pooling’ scheme set up by Gainsborough Pictures at the Shepherd’s Bush film studio following the introduction of clothes rationing in 1941. The Service enabled producers to hire rather than purchase items of clothing for use in their films, saving them money, reducing the number of new outfits required for each production and allowing clothing coupons, which film-makers were expected to use sparingly, to be spent on only the most important or unusual costumes. Vital to the production sector in wartime Britain, the Studio Hire Service also played a notable role outside the film industry, not least in that it loaned outfits – including those worn by major female stars in films such as Love Story (1944) and Waterloo Road (1945) – to women for them to use as wedding dresses. In the last years of the war and the early years of the peace, hundreds (and possibly thousands) of British brides were married wearing a film-studio dress. The contribution that costume made to contemporary enjoyment of many of Gainsborough’s most famous films has been noted by scholars; this article shows that some of these same costumes also had a significant role to play in the real-world experiences of many ordinary Britons, offering access to a glamorous bridal outfit in a period of widespread sartorial scarcity and providing a noteworthy example of the way in which the bond between the picturegoer and the cinema extends beyond the auditorium.
Projekt Konsumtion
Authors: Kaipainen Elin , Eriksson Felicia
Published: April 2024

I dagens digitala era är vi ständigt omgivna av en aldrig sinande ström av information, underhållning och medieinnehåll. Från sociala medieplattformar till streamingtjänster och traditionella mediekanaler - möjligheterna att köpa saker med enkla klick och länkar från media har aldrig varit enklare. Men med denna tillgänglighet kommer även en risk: överkonsumtion.
Vår blogg är en plats för reflektion och diskussion kring fenomenet överkonsumtion, speciellt överkonsumtion som kommer ifrån intag av medium. Den ständiga närvaron av media floden som omger oss och sprider runt nya trender och normer som påverkar vår vilja och behov av att köpa saker.
Genetic composition of green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) at coastal feeding areas of Uruguay
Authors: Prosdocimi Laura , Vilaca Sibelle Torres , Naro-Maciel Eugenia , Caraccio Maria N. , Formia Angela , Vélez-Rubio Gabriela M.
Published: April 2024

The highly migratory and marine nature of species such as green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) may hinder understanding of basic life history and impact ensuing management and conservation applications across their full range. To elucidate the linkages between juvenile green turtles foraging in coastal waters of Uruguay in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean to their future nesting or feeding grounds, this study investigated their genetic composition . A total of 201 tissue samples were collected from turtles that had stranded or were intentionally captured for scientific research along the Uruguayan coast (ca. 33°–35°S) during two sampling periods (2003–2005 and 2009–2014). Samples were pooled for analysis. Twelve mitochondrial control region haplotypes and ten subhaplotypes were identified, all of which had been previously detected at Atlantic or Caribbean nesting beaches. Mixed Stock Analysis revealed that most turtles traced to the Ascension Island rookery, representing a substantial connection to the remote mid-Atlantic island thousands of kilometers distant. Other nesting areas, such as Guinea Bissau in Africa and Trindade Island in Brazil, represented less significant sources. There was no significant temporal or spatial genetic structure within Uruguayan waters, suggesting dispersion along this coast. Despite the geographic distance from the nesting beach, the significant connection to the Ascension Island rookery underscores the importance of considering rookery population size and ocean current influences in understanding source contributions. These findings emphasize the need for conservation efforts, including the maintenance of existing protected areas and the creation of new ones, to ensure the long-term conservation of green turtles connected to various nesting colonies and feeding grounds.
Activating cancer communities through an exercise strategy for survivors: an effectiveness-implementation trial
Authors: Heinze Stefan S. , Chiekwe C. Joy , Christensen Thomas , Culos-Reed S. Nicole , Kendall Stephanie J. , Langley Jodi E. , McNeely Margaret L. , Keats Melanie R. , Grandy Scott A.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Strong evidence supports the recommendation that individuals living with or beyond cancer (LWBC) should be physically active and engage in physical exercise to enhance health and improve cancer-related outcomes. Many individuals LWBC are not achieving these benefits, partly due to a lack of resources. To address this, Activating Cancer Communities through an Exercise Strategy for Survivors (ACCESS) was developed to provide exercise programming and investigate exercise strategies and barriers for those LWBC.

Methods

Using an effectiveness-implementation design, adults LWBC joined ACCESS by healthcare provider or self-referral. A clinical exercise physiologist triaged participants to either a hospital-based site or one of two community-based sites to complete a 12-week, 24-session multimodal individualized exercise program. Physical fitness and multiple patient-reported outcomes were measured pre- and post-intervention.

Results

Between January 2018 and March 2020, there were 332 referrals. Of these, 122 participants consented and completed the study. Completing ACCESS was associated with improvements in physical fitness and participant-reported outcomes, including general wellbeing, fatigue, negative emotional states, sleep quality, and exercise self-efficacy. The program was well-received by participants and was deemed feasible and acceptable from an implementation perspective.

Discussion

The ACCESS program demonstrably improved several health outcomes for individuals LWBC. Implementation outcomes have and continue to guide ongoing efforts to improve accessibility to ACCESS and work with the regional health authority and cancer care program to support the adoption of exercise into standard oncology care.

Clinical trial registration

clinicaltrials.gov, identifier [NCT03599843].
Human immunodeficiency virus and oral microbiota: mutual influence on the establishment of a viral gingival reservoir in individuals under antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Ramos Peña Diana Estefania , Pillet Sylvie , Grupioni Lourenço Alan , Pozzetto Bruno , Bourlet Thomas , Motta Ana Carolina Fragoso
Published: April 2024

The role of the oral microbiota in the overall health and in systemic diseases has gained more importance in the recent years, mainly due to the systemic effects that are mediated by the chronic inflammation caused by oral diseases, such as periodontitis, through the microbial communities of the mouth. The chronic infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) interacts at the tissue level (e.g. gut, genital tract, brain) to create reservoirs; the modulation of the gut microbiota by HIV infection is a good example of these interactions. The purpose of the present review is to assess the state of knowledge on the oral microbiota (microbiome, mycobiome and virome) of HIV-infected patients in comparison to that of HIV-negative individuals and to discuss the reciprocal influence of HIV infection and oral microbiota in patients with periodontitis on the potential establishment of a viral gingival reservoir. The influence of different clinical and biological parameters are reviewed including age, immune and viral status, potent antiretroviral therapies, smoking, infection of the airway and viral coinfections, all factors that can modulate the oral microbiota during HIV infection. The analysis of the literature proposed in this review indicates that the comparisons of the available studies are difficult due to their great heterogeneity. However, some important findings emerge: (i) the oral microbiota is less influenced than that of the gut during HIV infection, although some recurrent changes in the microbiome are identified in many studies; (ii) severe immunosuppression is correlated with altered microbiota and potent antiretroviral therapies correct partially these modifications; (iii) periodontitis constitutes a major factor of dysbiosis, which is exacerbated in HIV-infected patients; its pathogenesis can be described as a reciprocal reinforcement of the two conditions, where the local dysbiosis present in the periodontal pocket leads to inflammation, bacterial translocation and destruction of the supporting tissues, which in turn enhances an inflammatory environment that perpetuates the periodontitis cycle. With the objective of curing viral reservoirs of HIV-infected patients in the future years, it appears important to develop further researches aimed at defining whether the inflamed gingiva can serve of viral reservoir in HIV-infected patients with periodontitis.
Mendelian randomization analysis identifies druggable genes and drugs repurposing for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Wang Zihui , Li Shaoqiang , Cai Guannan , Gao Yuan , Yang Huajing , Li Yun , Liang Juncheng , Zhang Shiyu , Hu Jieying , Zheng Jinping
Published: April 2024

Background

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent condition that significantly impacts public health. Unfortunately, there are few effective treatment options available. Mendelian randomization (MR) has been utilized to repurpose existing drugs and identify new therapeutic targets. The objective of this study is to identify novel therapeutic targets for COPD.

Methods

Cis-expression quantitative trait loci (cis-eQTL) were extracted for 4,317 identified druggable genes from genomics and proteomics data of whole blood (eQTLGen) and lung tissue (GTEx Consortium). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data for doctor-diagnosed COPD, spirometry-defined COPD (Forced Expiratory Volume in one second [FEV1]/Forced Vital Capacity [FVC] <0.7), and FEV1 were obtained from the cohort of FinnGen, UK Biobank and SpiroMeta consortium. We employed Summary-data-based Mendelian Randomization (SMR), HEIDI test, and colocalization analysis to assess the causal effects of druggable gene expression on COPD and lung function. The reliability of these druggable genes was confirmed by eQTL two-sample MR and protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) SMR, respectively. The potential effects of druggable genes were assessed through the phenome-wide association study (PheWAS). Information on drug repurposing for COPD was collected from multiple databases.

Results

A total of 31 potential druggable genes associated with doctor-diagnosed COPD, spirometry-defined COPD, and FEV1 were identified through SMR, HEIDI test, and colocalization analysis. Among them, 22 genes (e.g., MMP15, PSMA4, ERBB3, and LMCD1) were further confirmed by eQTL two-sample MR and protein SMR analyses. Gene-level PheWAS revealed that ERBB3 expression might reduce inflammation, while GP9 and MRC2 were associated with other traits. The drugs Montelukast (targeting the MMP15 gene) and MARIZOMIB (targeting the PSMA4 gene) may reduce the risk of spirometry-defined COPD. Additionally, an existing small molecule inhibitor of the APH1A gene has the potential to increase FEV1.

Conclusions

Our findings identified 22 potential drug targets for COPD and lung function. Prioritizing clinical trials that target these identified druggable genes with existing drugs or novel medications will be beneficial for the development of COPD treatments.
Evaluating the robustness of multimodal task load estimation models
Authors: Foltyn Andreas , Deuschel Jessica , Lang-Richter Nadine R. , Holzer Nina , Oppelt Maximilian P.
Published: April 2024

Numerous studies have focused on constructing multimodal machine learning models for estimating a person's cognitive load. However, a prevalent limitation is that these models are typically evaluated on data from the same scenario they were trained on. Little attention has been given to their robustness against data distribution shifts, which may occur during deployment. The aim of this paper is to investigate the performance of these models when confronted with a scenario different from the one on which they were trained. For this evaluation, we utilized a dataset encompassing two distinct scenarios: an n-Back test and a driving simulation. We selected a variety of classic machine learning and deep learning architectures, which were further complemented by various fusion techniques. The models were trained on the data from the n-Back task and tested on both scenarios to evaluate their predictive performance. However, the predictive performance alone may not lead to a trustworthy model. Therefore, we looked at the uncertainty estimates of these models. By leveraging these estimates, we can reduce misclassification by resorting to alternative measures in situations of high uncertainty. The findings indicate that late fusion produces stable classification results across the examined models for both scenarios, enhancing robustness compared to feature-based fusion methods. Although a simple logistic regression tends to provide the best predictive performance for n-Back, this is not always the case if the data distribution is shifted. Finally, the predictive performance of individual modalities differs significantly between the two scenarios. This research provides insights into the capabilities and limitations of multimodal machine learning models in handling distribution shifts and identifies which approaches may potentially be suitable for achieving robust results.
Inclusive gaming through AI: a perspective for identifying opportunities and obstacles through co-design with people living with MND
Authors: Dwyer Natasha , Harrison Matthew , O’Mara Ben , Harley Kirsten
Published: April 2024

This interdisciplinary research initiative seeks to enhance the accessibility of video gaming for individuals living with Motor Neurone Disease (MND), a condition characterized by progressive muscle weakness. Gaming serves as a social and recreational outlet for many, connecting friends, family, and even strangers through collaboration and competition. However, MND’s disease progression, including muscle weakness and paralysis, severely limit the ability to engage in gaming. In this paper, we desscribe our exploration of AI solutions to improve accessibility to gaming. We argue that any application of accessible AI must be led by lived experience. Notably, we found in our previous scoping review, existing academic research into video games for those living with MND largely neglects the experiences of MND patients in the context of video games and AI, which was a prompt for us to address this critical gap.
Systematic review of cardiovascular neurocristopathy—contemporary insights and future perspectives
Authors: Soliman Osama , Acharya Yogesh , Gilard Martine , Duffy Garry , Wijns William , Kannan Venkatesh , Sultan Sherif
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Neural crest cells (NCCs) are multipotent and are attributed to the combination of complex multimodal gene regulatory mechanisms. Cardiac neural crest (CNC) cells, originating from the dorsal neural tube, are pivotal architects of the cardio-neuro-vascular domain, which orchestrates the embryogenesis of critical cardiac and vascular structures. Remarkably, while the scientific community compiled a comprehensive inventory of neural crest derivatives by the early 1980s, our understanding of the CNC's role in various cardiovascular disease processes still needs to be explored. This review delves into the differentiation of NCC, specifically the CNC cells, and explores the diverse facets of non-syndromic cardiovascular neurocristopathies.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted as per the PRISMA Statement. Three prominent databases, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase, were searched, which yielded 1,840 studies. We excluded 1,796 studies, and the final selection of 44 studies formed the basis of this comprehensive review.

Results

Neurocristopathies are a group of genetic disorders that affect the development of cells derived from the NC. Cardiovascular neurocristopathy, i.e., cardiopathy and vasculopathy, associated with the NCC could occur in the form of (1) cardiac septation disorders, mainly the aortico-pulmonary septum; (2) great vessels and vascular disorders; (3) myocardial dysfunction; and (4) a combination of all three phenotypes. This could result from abnormalities in NCC migration, differentiation, or proliferation leading to structural abnormalities and are attributed to genetic, familial, sporadic or acquired causes.

Discussion

Phenotypic characteristics of cardiovascular neurocristopathies, such as bicuspid aortic valve and thoracic aortic aneurysm, share a common embryonic origin and are surprisingly prevalent in the general population, necessitating further research to identify the underlying pathogenic and genetic factors responsible for these cardiac anomalies. Such discoveries are essential for enhancing diagnostic screening and refining therapeutic interventions, ultimately improving the lives of individuals affected by these conditions.
Empowering inclusivity: improving readability of living kidney donation information with ChatGPT
Authors: Garcia Valencia Oscar A. , Thongprayoon Charat , Miao Jing , Suppadungsuk Supawadee , Krisanapan Pajaree , Craici Iasmina M. , Jadlowiec Caroline C. , Mao Shennen A. , Mao Michael A. , Leeaphorn Napat , Budhiraja Pooja , Cheungpasitporn Wisit
Published: April 2024

Background

Addressing disparities in living kidney donation requires making information accessible across literacy levels, especially important given that the average American adult reads at an 8th-grade level. This study evaluated the effectiveness of ChatGPT, an advanced AI language model, in simplifying living kidney donation information to an 8th-grade reading level or below.

Methods

We used ChatGPT versions 3.5 and 4.0 to modify 27 questions and answers from Donate Life America, a key resource on living kidney donation. We measured the readability of both original and modified texts using the Flesch-Kincaid formula. A paired t-test was conducted to assess changes in readability levels, and a statistical comparison between the two ChatGPT versions was performed.

Results

Originally, the FAQs had an average reading level of 9.6 ± 1.9. Post-modification, ChatGPT 3.5 achieved an average readability level of 7.72 ± 1.85, while ChatGPT 4.0 reached 4.30 ± 1.71, both with a p-value <0.001 indicating significant reduction. ChatGPT 3.5 made 59.26% of answers readable below 8th-grade level, whereas ChatGPT 4.0 did so for 96.30% of the texts. The grade level range for modified answers was 3.4–11.3 for ChatGPT 3.5 and 1–8.1 for ChatGPT 4.0.

Conclusion

Both ChatGPT 3.5 and 4.0 effectively lowered the readability grade levels of complex medical information, with ChatGPT 4.0 being more effective. This suggests ChatGPT's potential role in promoting diversity and equity in living kidney donation, indicating scope for further refinement in making medical information more accessible.