bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microblogs, Jasmine Revolution, and Civil Unrest
Authors: Yang Kenneth C. C. , Kang Yowei
Published: July 2015

Weibo provides an alternative channel for many Chinese citizens to obtain non-censored news contents and share their opinions on public affairs. In this book chapter, the authors employed Jürgen Habermas's concept of public sphere to examine how Chinese Weibo users (i.e., microbloggers) make the most use of this social medium to form a public sphere to contest omnipresent state power. Habermas's analytical framework helps to better comprehend the role of social media and its interactions with other stakeholders in Chinese politics. The role of social media in shaping this less controlled sphere of political deliberation and participation was examined using a case study approach. The authors analyzed the Chinese Jasmine Revolution to discuss the interrelations among social media, civil society, state power, economic development, political process, and democratization in China. The case study identified Weibo's essential role as a device to bypass existing government censorship, to mobilize users, and to empower Chinese Internet users to engage in political activities to foster its nascent civil society.
Developer Challenges as a Platform for Citizen Engagement with Open Government Data
Authors: Caceres Raul Alberto , Royds Kelly
Published: July 2015

Every year, state and national governments churn out enormous quantities of data on public life. The rapid growth of information and communication technologies presents new opportunities for everyday citizens to manipulate, use and disseminate these data in innovative ways. “Developer challenges” harness this potential by inviting citizens to experiment, play and develop data-based applications for the public benefit. This chapter explores the evolution of government initiated developer challenges in Australia and uses existing theoretical approaches to assess their impact, benefit and potential to generate value. The authors find that while developer challenges can provide an effective platform for citizen engagement, more attention must be paid to the quality of the data and to the activities carried out after the events finish. Moreover, the authors propose that in order to generate value there needs to be a higher level of involvement from the government with the applications developed during these challenges.
Readiness Criteria: Indonesias’ New Initiative to Ensure Sustainable Development Program
Authors: Merthayasa Alit
Published: July 2015

Government of Indonesia through Ministry of National Development Planning/Head of BAPPENAS, recently launched a new initiative in regard to Sustainable Development Program/project criteria called Readiness Criteria. The purpose of the criteria is to select proposed development program / project submitted by local governments as well as donor/funding agency especially related to grant or loan funds, through assessment or screening process. The main criteria consist of: relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, sustainability and impact criteria. The screening process implemented using design and monitoring framework (DMF), which is introduced and developed by ADB funded project’s in Indonesia. Decision of the selection process was made based on project assessment tools (PAT). Nowadays, readiness criteria will be implemented during pre-design phase or during proposal submission stages under the planning and budgeting period as stated by Indonesia Development Planning Board/BAPPENAS.
The Conceptual Framework of Design Change Effects in Some Project Delivery Systems
Authors: Yana A.A. Gde Agung , Rusdi H.A. , Wibowo M. Agung
Published: July 2015

Changes will always occur in project construction and can not be avoided. Many factors can cause changes in the construction project. Most dominant factors of cause of changes in project construction is design change. Design changes will have bad impact on the performance of construction projects, especially the performance of cost and performance time. Many factors can be the cause of design changes. Knowing the factors that cause a design change and knowing its behavior is very important to do. Knowing factor and behavioral of design changes that occur in project construction, and then can be managed properly, it will can be reduce the occurrence of design changes in projects construction. With the reduction of design changes will be able to improve the performance of construction projects, especially at cost and time performance. Construction projects carried out by using a project delivery system. Each project delivery system used will have different contractual relationships, rules, and responsibilities of each party involved. These differences will lead to in the occurrence differences in design change in project construction. Selection of appropriate project delivery system to complete a construction project is needed. The purpose of this paper is to provide a conceptual framework that can be used to determine the behavior, and the effect of design changes on project construction at some project delivery system used.
Risk Analyses for Riau Regional Water Supply Projects (SPAM), Indonesia
Authors: Sandhyavitri Ari
Published: July 2015

This paper investigated to what extend risk analyses may play its role in the development of feasibility study of Riau regional water supply projects (regional SPAM). This SPAM services coverage area may cover 4 (four) regions in Riau province such as; Rokan Hulu regency, Rokan Hilir, Bengkalis and Dumai. The capacity of this SPAM is 500 l/second. Total financing required for development of this SPAM was approximately Rp. 344 billion. Project finance will be obtained from budget sharing scheme from APBN (Rp. 140 billion or 41%), APBD (Rp. 62 billion or 18%), and the private sector (Rp. 141 billion or 41%). Three stages of risk analyses have been applied in this paper, such as; (i) risk identification, (ii) risk assessment, and (iii) risk mitigation. Based on the simulation result, it was identified that the initial project NPV was in the rage of-Rp. 6.68 billion up to Rp. 18.01 billion. The mean value of the projected NPV was Rp. 6.27 billion. This project is considered to be risky to proceed, as there is 90% probability the projected NPV < Rp. 0. After risk mitigation procedure will be applied, there is a mean value of the project NPV is Rp. 9.9 billion (increase by 30% from the initial NPV). Four significant risk variables affected NPV performance are identified as follow; (i) engineering cost for constructing water treatment plant and facilities, (ii) cost of pipelines installation and accessories, (ii) electricity costs, and (iv) chemical cost expenditure. A reduction of technical uncertainties including design changes; redundant of engineering risk costs, introduction of energy efficient technology during project operation may reduce electricity and chemical costs. Hence, based on the simulation results, it is confirmed that, the risk analyses procedure may improve regional SPAM regional technical and economy performances (e.i. NPV parameters).
Study of the Evolution of Sanur Beach Nourishment Project for Beach Enhancement
Authors: Dharma I. Gusti Bagus Sila , Efendi Soni Senjaya
Published: July 2015

Beach nourishment, or also commonly known as beach fill, is a technique widely used in coastal engineering to rehabilitate eroded beaches or create new beaches and widen existing beaches. However, once an instance of beach filling has occurred, it needs to be repeated on a regular basis because the new beach would be more prone to abrasion than natural beaches. This paper describes the of beach change based on numerical modeling in the study of the evolution of a beach nourishment project. The measured beach profile, wave height and sediment in Sanur beach, Bali are used for the numerical analysis based on the existing studies are applied in the analysis of the beach. The simulation results show that there are three segment of the coastal area in between the groin need to be overcome.
Asphalt Pavement Temperature Profile for Tropical Climate in Indonesia
Authors: Ariawan I. Made Agus , Subagio B.S. , Setiadji B.H.
Published: July 2015

Environmental and climatic factors directly affect the temperature of asphalt pavement layers. Air temperature is one of the most important environmental factors that significantly affect the temperature distribution profile of asphalt pavement layers. It is important therefore, to comprehend the asphalt strength characteristics because of the differences in asphalt pavement designs. This study was conducted in ​​tropical area with high humidity in Indonesia. A testing method was carried out to measure both temperature and humidity using thermocouples equipped with data logger and an application program of SAGA Technology. Measurements were taken for consecutive seven sunny days in July 2014. The average values obtained ​​for hourly air temperature and humidity were ranging from 24.92 to 36.98 °C and from 50.31 to 83.69% respectively. Meanwhile, pavement surface temperatures measured at 0, 20 and 65 millimeters depths were varied from 25.29 to 45.65 °C, from 25.37 to 43.59 °C, and from 26.70 to 38.54 °C respectively. Both air and asphalt pavement temperatures are sharply increased from 10:00 a.m. to 02:00 p.m. and are gradually decreased afterward.
Effect of Polar Extract of Cocoa Peels Inhibitor on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Mild Steel Exposed in Hydrocloric Acid
Authors: Gunawarman Gunawarman , Yetri Yuli , Emriadi Emriadi , Jamarun Novesar , Ken-Cho Ken-Cho , Nakai M. , Niinomi M.
Published: July 2015

Effect of addition of theobroma cacao peels extract (TCPE), a new proposed green inhibitor, on tensile and hardness properties, and related microstructure of mild steel exposed in solution of 1.5M HCl was investigated in order to know the contribution of this kind of inhibitor in controlling mechanical properties, in addition to reducing corrosion attack. Corrosion behaviors including inhibition mechanism and adsorption process during exposure were then discussed. Corrosion rate and inhibitory efficiency of mild steel samples containing 0.3%C were determined using weight loss method. The samples were exposed in the acid solution with and without addition of 0.5-2.5% the TCPE. Tensile and hardness tests were subsequently performed on the samples to determine the change of mechanical properties of the metal prior and after addition of the extracts. Sample surface morphologies and chemical composition as well were observed by a scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The results show that the strength, hardness and elongation of mild steel drop significantly due to heavy damage in the surface after immersion in the HCl solution for 32 days. However, these mechanical properties gradually increase with increasing concentration of the extract following the increase of surface coverage and inhibition efficiency. The increase of the tensile properties and hardness is due mainly to the ability of the inhibitor to cover mild steel surface through formation of metal-organo complexes protection layer in the surface of the mild steel. Although total carbon level in the surface of the mild steel also increases significantly, there is no any proof of carbon difussion into the mild steel. The addition of polar extract of theobroma cacao peels into a solution of 1.5 M HCl is, therefore, not only effective to minimize the degradation on the mild steel surface, but it also diminishes the mechanical properties reduction of the mild steel.
Wear of Carbon Steel (0.65%C) in Rolling-Sliding Contact with Creep Ratio
Authors: Widiyarta I Made , Nindhia Tjokorda Gde Tirta , Mudiastrawan Harry
Published: July 2015

In rolling-sliding contact, wear will occur when the accumulated plastic shear strain of the material at the surface exceeds its critical shear strain for failure. During rolling-sliding contact, the difference in relative velocities of two contacting components can cause slip in the contact (known as creep). The higher creep ratio may increase the severity of wear.
In this work, the wear rate of the material and the behaviour of material just below the contact surface in rolling-sliding contact with various creep ratios were investigated. The carbon steel (about 0.65% C) was chosen as the test material and wear test was conducted using disc-to-disc contact testing machine with the maximum contact pressure of 1000 MPa and with various creep ratio of 1%, 5% and 7%. The results show the higher creep ratio causes the material to accumulate critical shear strain more quickly, resulting in the increase of wear (i.e., from about 0.0047μm/cycle for creep ratio of 1% up to about 0.0077μm/cycle for creep ratio of 7%).
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Green Composites Based on Recycled Plastic Reinforced Local Sisal Fibers
Authors: Suardana N.P.G. , Suaniti Ni Made , Lokantara I. Putu
Published: July 2015

Recycled polypropylene (PP) and sisal fiber, which are available in abundant ammount, can be used for producing a composite, a new material that reduce production costs and environmental damage. The new materials will be used for manufacturing floor tiles that are environmentally friendly, light but still technically qualified, and are expected to replace the ceramic tiles that are relatively heavy. However, the drawbacks in the application, natural fiber is a combustible material and it absorbs water easily (hydrophilic). To overcome these obstacles then a study on fiber chemical treatment was conducted. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of chemical treatments on sisal fibers for fire resistance capability, the moisture resistance and tensile properties of the composites. So these composite materials can replace ceramic tile that is used for houses, hotels, ships and so on. In this research, sisal fibers with length of 10 mm were treated by NaOH and followed by Vulcan AF21 (Vulcan) of 5%, 10% and 20% for 2-hours for fire resistance, and other treatment with Acrylic acid (AA) of 1%, 5% and 10% for 1 hour at 50°C for moisture resistance. Fiber material that has been chemically treated is mixed with recycled PP. Test specimens were made in hot pressed. Fire resistance testing was conducted based on ASTM D635 standards, water absorption testing (ASTM D570), and tensile testing. The result shows that the higher the percentage of Vulcan treatment on sisal fiber is of 5%, 10% and 20%, the linear burning rate, the percentage of weight loss and weight loss rate of sisal fiber polypropylene composites decreases which means the composite is more resistant to fire. In general, the increase percentage of Vulcan on treatment sisal fibers shows a decrease in tensile strength and modulus of elasticity but a slight increase tensile strain of composite. Fiber treated with acrylic acid (AA) experienced a reduction of water absorption compared to the untreated of fiber composites.
Sustainable Development of Concrete Using GGBS: Effect of Curing Temperatures on the Strength Development of Concrete
Authors: Turu'allo Gidion
Published: July 2015

The World Earth Summits in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and Kyoto, Japan in 1992 and 1997 respectively, have made it clear that uncontrolled increased emission of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere is no longer environmentally and socially acceptable for sustainable development. The increase of cement production will affect the environmental preservation, natural conservation and increase the CO2 emission, which is one of the primarily gases that contribute to the global warming. The use of ground granulated blast furnace slag (ggbs) to replace a part of Portland cement in concrete can reduce the CO2 emission. It also can provide significant benefits to concrete properties, such as increase the workability and durability of concrete. The early strength of ggbs concretes that had been cured at standard curing temperature (20°C) were slower than that of concretes with Portland cement only, cured at the same temperature. However, there are some indications show that curing the ggbs concrete at elevated temperatures will significantly enhanced the early age strength of the concrete. The objectives of this research are to find out the effect of curing temperatures and levels replacement of Portland cement by ggbs on the strength development of concretes. The levels of ggbs to replace Portland cement were 0, 20, 35, 50 and 70%, while the curing temperatures were 20°C, 50°C and adiabatic curing. The concrete cubes were tested at ages: 6 and 12 hours, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 and 365 days. The results showed that curing the ggbs concrete at temperatures higher than standard curing temperature, increased the strength development of the concrete at early ages.
Simulation of a Differential-Drive Wheeled Mobile Lego Robot Mindstorms NXT
Authors: Widhiada I. Wayan , Partha C.G. Indra , Wayan Reza Yuda A.P.
Published: July 2015

The aim of this paper is to model and simulate kinematics motion using the differential drive model of a mobile Lego robot Mindstorm NXT. The author’s use integrated two software as a method to solve the simulation of mobile lego robot mindstorms NXT using Matlab/Simulink and Solidworks software. These softwares are enable easier 3D model creation for both simulation and hardware implementation. A fundamental of this work is the use of Matlab/Simulink Toolboxes to support the simulation and understanding of the various kinematics systems and in particular how the SimMechanics toolbox is used to interface seamlessly with ordinary Simulink block diagrams to enable the mechanical elements and its associated control system elements to be investigated in one common environment. The result of simulation shows the mobile robot movement control based on decentralized point algorithm to follow the precision x and y references that has been specified. The design of the mobile robot is validated in simulation results as proof that this design can achieve the good performance.
Tar Balls Collector for Mechanical Recovery in Combating Oil Spill on the Marine Environment
Authors: Mahandari Cokorda Prapti , Yamin Mohamad , Asandi Dan Septian Andri
Published: July 2015

The impacts of oil spill on water pollution are more fatal than on the mainland because the spread of pollutants is larger and more massive. Various techniques are available for dealing with oil spill in the sea. However they turn out to be less effective in combating oil spill in the form of tar balls. Meanwhile, currents, tides and wind can carry tar balls far from the spill location. Therefore, emergency response must be deployed right away. Tar balls are finally collected manually by empowering fishermen in a short time which is quite difficult to be done. This paper discussed a tar balls collector that was designed based on net fishing tool and that it will be simply mounted on the side vessel or combating ship. Tar balls collector consists of several components including the clamp, long support, pulley, rings, frame of the net and net. Structure analysis of the long support of this tool was carried to determine force reaction and stress resultant. This equipment was designed to collect faster and more tar balls, hence reducing the impact of pollution on the marine environment.
Geometric Progression Application in Design Transmission Gear Ratio
Authors: Komaladewi A.A.I.A. Sri , Suriadi I. Gusti Agung Kade , Atmika I. Ketut Adi
Published: July 2015

One of the important aspects in determining the competitiveness of an automotive product is the traction ability or performance, the vehicle's ability to accelerate, wind resistance, rolling resistance, against the force of the ramp, and the capacity to pull a load. The size of traction for any level of gear and vehicle speed that can be achieved can be controlled by adjusting the ratio and transmission rate. Transmission ratio affects the amount of torque that can be transmitted, while the number of speed levels affects the fineness of the process of transmission and transformation of power in the transmission system. To find a gear ratio between the lowest and highest transmission rate is by geometric progression. The basis of the use of this method is to get the ratio and amount of gear transmission rate of speed at the same engine operating speed so that fuel economy will be the same on each transmission. Modified gear ratio produce traction curve where the distance curve closer adjacent transmission. This indicates a loss of power transmission shifting is getting smaller or in other words the better traction performance. The design of the installation ratio 6-speed, generating traction curve with the distance between the curve near the sting traction, produces good traction or good performance.
Mechanical Strength of Hydraulic Binder Made by Blending Type I Portland Cement and Pozzolan
Authors: Salain I Made Alit Karyawan
Published: July 2015

The mechanical strength of hydraulic binder made by blending type I Portland cement (PC) and pozzolan has been examined at the age of 3, 7, 14, 28 and 90 days.The mechanical strength test was realized by using mortar specimens measuring 40x40x160 mm according to NF EN 196-1. The mix proportion of mortarwas 0.5 water :1.0 hydraulic binder : 3.0 sand, by weight.The hydraulic binder was a mixture of 80% PC and 20% pozzolan. Five types of pozzolan were used in this study: two natural pozzolan and three artificial pozzolan. As a control, it was made a mortar havingthe same proportion except that the hydraulic binder was 100% PC. The test result showsthat all of pozzolan present a good pozzolanic reactivity. At 3 days,the strength of the mortar with blended binder (MBB) is lower than the strength of the control mortar (CTM). At that time, the flexural tensile strength and the compressive strength of the MBB rangerespectively from 5.23 to 6.81 MPa and from 13.61 to 18.37 MPa, whereas the CTM strength has reached 7.30 MPa and 27.92 MPa. The MBB strength increasesand it canachieve or even exceed the CTM strengthwith increasing age of hydration. In fact, at 90 days, the flexural tensile strength and the compressive strength ofMBB can reach about 10.08 to 11.06 MPa and 49.69 to 54.17 MPa respectively. In this period of hydration, the flexural tensile strength and the compressive strength of CTM are only 10.13 MPa and 49.00 MPa. The different development of the mechanical strength of MBB could be stronglyrelated to the chemical content of the pozzolan used, especially, reactive silica and reactive alumina.
Auto PID Tuning of Speed Control of DC Motor Using Particle Swarm Optimization Based on FPGA
Authors: Tayara Hilal , Lee Deok Jin , Chong Kil To
Published: July 2015

This paper introduces auto tuning of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers of DC motor using particle swarm optimization (PSO) method. The DC motor was modeled in Simulink and PSO was implanted on FPGA “cyclone IV E” using the soft processor NIOS II. The results were efficient in reducing the steady state error, settling time, rise time and maximum overshoot in speed control of a DC motor.
Laboratory Tests on Failure of Retaining Walls Caused by Sinusoidal Load
Authors: Hidayati Anissa Maria , Sri Prabandiyani R.W. , Redana I. Wayan
Published: July 2015

The failure of retaining wall construction can be occurred due to the forces acting on the rear wall exceed the capacity of its stability. Dynamic acceleration parameters can affect the movement pattern of granular soil behind the retaining wall. This research aims to study the movement of grain behind the retaining wall by laboratory testing. The retaining wall model was made in the glass box of a length of 2 meters, width of 0.4 meter and height of 1 meter. This models used gravity types, which was made of concrete and was placed on dry sand with a trapezoid-shaped a height of 20 centimeters, width of peak 2 centimeters and width of below 10 centimeters. The model was examined using dry sand material with grain size that can pass through sieve No. 4 and retained on sieve No.100 of loose sand density (γd = 1.4184 gr/cm3). The model was vibrated using shaking tables with a given variation on sinusoidal loads and was recorded using accellerometer. The displacement of granular soil in a particular point was also monitored during vibration. The results shows that there is different grain movements resulted from different acceleration. The increase in vibration accelerates the grain to fill the empty space between the grains. This causes wider movement area of the grain and expands the landslide areas.
Understanding Peak Average Power Ratio in VFFT-OFDM Systems
Authors: Wirastuti N.M.A.E.D.
Published: July 2015

This paper describes an impairment commonly encountered in an OFDM system that must be considered in the design that is peak average power ratio (PAPR). In these studies, a statistical approach to analysing PAPR is suggested. The PAPR statistics of OFDM and VFFT-OFDM are studied by simulation of the statistical distribution of the quantity that is the Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) of the PAPR. The simulation results show that the simulated CCDF of PAPR, the 1% PAPR of OFDM is about 11.40 dB, whereas for VFFT-OFDM this rises to less than 3% of the time. Simulations show that by employing VFFT in OFDM system results in a 0.55 dB deterioration in the PAPR 1% of time.
Deformation Behavior of Concrete due to the Influence of the Steel Ring Width Variations as the External Confinement
Authors: Safitri Endah , Imran Iswandi , Nuroji Nuroji , Asa'ad Sholihin
Published: July 2015

Deformability of concrete decreases as its strength increases. The higher the concrete strength, the lower it’s failure strain which shows increase of brittleness. One way to improve the ductility and carrying capacity of concrete is by doing confinement of the concrete. A steel ring external confinement was used in this study. The steel ring is made of a steel cylindrical tube that is cut with a specific width (a) so similar to the ring. The steel ring is placed at a specific distance between the ring (b). With ring width variation (a = 28, 45 and 73 mm) and the distance between the steel ring is constant (b = 40 mm), gave the variation of the volumetric ratio which will afffect the confinement on the concrete. The test results showed that the steel ring was effective as external confinement of the concrete. The capability of concrete to support load increases in line with the width of the ring. Increased carrying capacity of concrete for 28, 45 and 73 mm ring width is respectively 115.382%, 131.792%, 150.253% and the maximum strain of concrete increases to 389.474%, 368.421% and 366.667%, respectively.
Properties of Sand Sheet Asphalt Mixture Incorporating Waste Plastic
Authors: Thanaya I. Nyoman Arya , Purbanto I. Gusti Raka , Wikarga I.G.
Published: July 2015

Construction of road pavement requires large amount of materials. Effort to incorporate secondary or lower quality materials had been done. This is particularly attractive for constructing lower trafficked road. Within this experiments waste polypropylene (PP) plastic was used as partial aggregate substitute in sand sheet asphalt mixture, with objective to evaluate its properties. The amount of plastic used was 10%, 20%, and 30%. The aggregate and plastic were proportioned. The aggregate were heated to around 155-160 °C, then pre-melted asphalt and the waste plastic were added then re-mixed until the asphalt evenly coat the materials. The mixture was compacted at 2x50 Marshall blows. It was found that at 8.5% optimum asphalt content, and at all range of plastic content the stability was 277.41-283.49 kg (> 200kg), Void in Mixture within range (3-6%), Void in Mineral Aggregate >20% and Void Filled with Bitumen >75%, all met the Indonesian specification. However the flows were > max 3mm and Marshall Quotient < min 80 kg/mm (did not specification). When incorporating plastic, only limited amount of plastic (less than 10%) can be incorporated to meet the specification.
Determining Passenger Car Equivalent for Motorcycle at Mid-Block of Sesetan Road
Authors: Purbanto I. Gusti Raka
Published: July 2015

Motorcycle dominates traffic in Bali, particularly in urban roads, which occupy more than 85% of mode share. The three types of vehicles, i.e. motorcycles, heavy and light vehicles share the roadways together. Under mixed traffic conditions, motorcycle may be travelling in between and alongside two consecutive motor vehicles. Considering such a situation, passenger car equivalent values should be examined thoroughly. This study aims to determine passenger car equivalent (PCEs) of motorcycle at mid-block of Sesetan Road. Three approaches are used to examine the PCEs values. This study found that the PCE of motorcycles are in a range between 0.2 and 0.4. This values are about the same to the existing PCE of the Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual (1997). This study also pointed out that motorcyclists and car drivers may behave differently to the existence of motorcycles. Car drivers are more aware than motorcyclists on the existence of motorcycle on the road. Further, more samples are required to obtain comprehensive results. In addition, the presence of heavy vehicles need to be considered for future study.
Effects of Fe2O3 on the Properties of Iron-Red Fancy Glaze with Low Thermal Expansion (II)
Authors: Dong Wei Xia , Bao Qi Fu , Gu Xing Yong , Li Shen
Published: July 2015

In this paper, the fancy red brown glaze with suitable red spots was prepared. Effects of Fe2O3 contents on the glaze were studied. Glaze surface quality was investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) were analyzed the phase. The results showed that with the increase of Fe2O3 contents, the obtained sample changed from black as the base color with little red spots, to the red brown as the base color with uniform red spots, and then to the red brown as the base color with crowded red spots. It indicated that the suitable Fe2O3 content is important for good glaze surface quality with red spots. When Fe2O3 content is 10%, the iron-red fancy glaze with low expansion coefficient could be well matched with the body. It is due to the presence of petalite phase, corderite phase and a - Fe2O3 crystals.
Study on Wear-Resisting Property of Nickel-Diamond Composite Electroforming Films in Supercritical Fluids
Authors: Qian Hai Feng , Lei Wei Ning , Qian Mi , Liu Wei Qiao , Wang Chuang Ye
Published: July 2015

Ni-diamond nanocomposite electroforming films were prepared in supercritical fluids. The effect of process parameters to wear-resisting property of composite electroforming films was analyzed by orthogonal tests, which included current density, working time, diamond content and working pressure. It has been found that the composite electroforming films prepared in supercritical CO2 fluids have spherical crystallization with refined crystalline grain and small internal stress. Then it can be that the wear-resisting property of supercritical electroforming films is far higher than that of conventional electroforming by detecting the wear scar cross-sectional area, and the wear-resisting property increased by 18.8%.
Analysis on Failure of Alternate Control between Electronics and Hydraulic Adjustment System for a Type of Engine
Authors: Liu Yan Fei , Wang Xiao Ming , Wang Shu Yun , Wang Qi Wei , Zhou Chao Ji , Zhang Yao
Published: July 2015

This article briefly describes the main characteristics of a certain type of engine fuel control system, deeply researches the alternate control of electronics and mechanical hydraulic actuator in the throttle and the largest state of the high-pressure speed regulation aiming at the speed control system malfunction,and avoid the such failure of the engine.
The Development and Application of Parallel Computation for Structural Analysis Based on Nastran Software
Authors: Gao Hong Fen
Published: July 2015

MSC.Nastran is the popular large finite element structural analysis software. In order to combine the advantages of MSC.Nastran software and high-performance computers, the second development of the finite element software MSC.Nastran based on parallel computers is researched in this paper. This can improve MSC.Nastran application and calculating efficiency, finally a practical example is given to verify its correctness and efficiency.
The Study of Fail-Safety Mechanism in Cylinder Design
Authors: Ho Ming Hsiung , Wang Pin Ning , Yeh Jung Peng
Published: July 2015

In this study, the hydraulic cylinder with internal non-slip safety locking device was designed and analyzed. From the market demand and fail-safety requirement, the hydraulic cylinder prototype specifications are developed. The dimensions and mechanisms of hydraulic cylinder model were initially designed to make sure parts combination as requirement. The stress and deformation of designed model with material properties were analyzed by Solidwork COSMOS module. The finite element analysis results showed that the clamp clip cutting seams help to uniform rod and clamp clip stress distribution. The bottom end and front end of the clamp clip with 16 cuttings have the best results in terms of stress and deformation. But the bottom end and front end of the clamp clip with 8 cuttings for rod holding effect would be better for reducing machining costs and increase durability. The stress concentration phenomenon of cut clip end can be rounded treatment; in order to reduce stress is too large in clip end.
Experimental Study on the Mechanical Property of SMA Externally Prestressed Concrete Box Beam
Authors: Yang Ze Ying , Yuan Ting Ting , Liu Jing , Xi Xing Hua , Gao Pan
Published: July 2015

This paper conducted an experiment to research flexural property of SMA unbounded prestressed box beam ,which applied the Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) at martensite state as externally prestressing tendons, and then through heating the SMA bars fully anchored on the beam with cracks by electrifying motivation, drove SMA to produce the “recovery stress” because of transformation, to study the effects of this stress on the deflection and crack width of concrete box-beam on work ,to study the recovery ability of SMA bars ,and to provide basis for the application of the SMA bars to bridge strengthening.
Comparative Studies of Transparent Conductive Electrodes Based on Silver Nanowires and Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Hao Hai Yan , Dai Lei , Li Zhe , Low Kam Hung
Published: July 2015

The effects of reducing the contact resistance of AgNW networks by using TiO2and PEDOT:PSS were compared. The AgNW+PEDOT:PSS TCE was able to give a lower sheet resistance of 30~60Ω/□, while the AgNW+TiO2gave a relatively higher, but still practical value of 85~125Ω/□. Then the AgNW+PEDOT:PSS TCE was further compared with the SWCNT+PEDOT:PSS TCE, and it was found the SWCNT+PEDOT:PSS TCE had a lower conductivity of 70~110Ω/□ but a superior long-term mechanical stability.
Global Status on Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Technology
Authors: Bello Mukhtar
Published: July 2015

Though, fuel cells and hydrogen technology is known to the scientific community for almost two centuries, in recent years, there has been a renewed interest due to global efforts to develop and use clean and efficient energy conversion technologies for sustainable development. Thus, this chapter presents an educative discussion on the current status of fuel cells and hydrogen technology. Brief discussion on the fuel cells operation principle, different types of fuel cells and historical developments is presented. Efforts by private companies for the development and deployment of fuel cells and current status of fuel cells for the different application sectors, namely; stationary power generation, transport sector and portable power sector have also been discussed. In general, within the last decade, there has been significant progress in the development and deployment of fuel cells in the three application sectors. However, stationary power generation sector has witnessed the most impressive increase in the use of fuel cells interms of both the system shipments (200% increase from 2010 to 2012) and megawatts shipped (250% increase from 2010 to 2012). On the availability of hydrogen, several technical challenges still remain concerning its production, storage and distribution. However, there is encouraging progress on the provision of hydrogen filling stations with about 208 available stations worldwide as of 2012, which will support the deployment of fuel cell vehicles. Thus, with the on-going serious academic research efforts, increasing investment by private companies and sustained governments’ support, the future for fuel cells and hydrogen technology looks bright.
Increase of Solar Cell Efficiency in Graded Band Gap Structure
Authors: Kaupužs J. , Medvid' Arturs
Published: July 2015

The photo current-voltage characteristic of a solar cell with graded band gap is calculated numerically based on the drift-diffusion equation and Poisson equation. The calculated efficiency of the CdTe solar cell with p-n junction located in 1μm depth increases remarkably when the band gap of the front n-type layer is graded. The effect is strong for high surface recombination velocity and is remarkable even at: the calculated efficiency increases from 19.6% to 24.3%.
Vacuum-Plasma Synthesis of Functional Coatings Using Targets Obtained by the Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Rogachev Aliaksandr V. , Kovalenko Dmitry L. , Gaishun V. , Gorbachev Dmitry L. , Vaskevich Vasili V. , Dobromir M. , Luca D. , Chirtsov A.S.
Published: July 2015

To prepare coatings by electron-beam sputtering, targets have been designed and synthesized by a sol-gel method, based on SiO2 and TiO2 materials. The optimum basic compounds for the synthesis of stable silica sol and titanium are reported. Spectroscopic studies have been conducted for the coatings aiming at the characterization in terms of optical characteristics, such as refractive index, reflectance, transmission and absorption coefficients. The morphology of the layers was investigated by atomic force (AFM) and scanning electron (SEM) microscopies.
Total Absorption Based on Smooth Double-Turn Helices
Authors: Faniayeu I.A. , Semchenko I.V. , Khakhomov S.A. , Dziarzhauskaya Tatsiana
Published: July 2015

The electrically thin absorber of electromagnetic waves is under study. We proposed a new concept of the perfect absorber which consists from a single layer of the smooth double-turn helices. This allows one to design an absorber with unprecedentedly small thickness. Simple and smooth shape of the helices makes them more preferable from experimental point of view in comparison to other chiral particles. The absorber implies absence of a ground plane. High efficiency of the realized structure in the S band is demonstrated.
Improvement of CdS Thin Films Optical Properties and Crystallinity by Laser Radiation
Authors: Medvid Artur , Onufrijevs Pavels , Dauksta Edvins , Janeliukstis Rimas , Plaza José Luis , Rubio Sandra , Diéguez Ernesto , Berezovska Nataliya , Dmitruk Igor
Published: July 2015

A possibility to improve the quality of polycrystalline CdS thin film by Nd:YAG laser irradiation was shown. The CdS thin film was prepared by closed space sublimation method on ITO/glass structure and irradiated by Nd:YAG laser with intensity up to 15 MW/cm2. Several evidences demonstrated the improvement of the optical properties of the CdS thin film after the laser radiation: appearance of photoluminescence band at ~2.530 eV, which is attributed to bound exciton emission; appearance of “spike” in the reflection spectrum at ~2.573 eV between upper and lower polariton branches and the increase intensity of LO phonon line at 305 cm-1about 3 times in Raman back scattering spectra. Moreover, the increase by 20% of the size of crystals in CdS after laser radiation takes place, which was proved by using X-Ray diffraction analysis.
A Theoretical Study of Nonlinear Optical Properties for Stilbene Grafted to Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Li Si , Wang Yun Xia , Yang Zhao Di
Published: July 2015

DFT method was used to calculate the equilibrium geometries, electron structures and first-hyperpolarizabilities of grafted SWCNT (4,4) by organic chromophore stilbene at B3LYP/6-31G* level. ZINDO method was also used to calculate first-and second-hyperpolarizabilities. The calculated results show that stilbene graftings make the energy gap a little reduced and the maximum absorption wavelength red shifted, however grafting of stilbene breaks the symmetry of pure nanotube and lets hyperpolarizability increase obviously. We also found that grafting on tube mouth results in better nonlinear for their better conjugation and amide bond-linking shows bigger hyperpolarizabilities relative to direct bond-linking.
Fabrication of BPPO Isoporous Membranes for Water Treatment
Authors: Yuan Hua , Yu Bing , Cong Hai Lin , Peng Qiao Hong , Luo Yong Li , Chi Ming
Published: July 2015

A isoporous brominated poly (phenylene oxide) (BPPO) microfiltration membrane system, fabricated by figure breath method, was demonstrated for the effective removal of impurity from contaminated water. The water permeation flux of BPPO membrane is higher. Such ordered isoporous membranes can also be applied in other size-based separation systems, enabling new opportunities in bioseparation and biosensors.
Formulation of the Spectral Reflective Properties of Coating System
Authors: Zhang Shuan Qin , Yang Hui , Pan Jia Liang
Published: July 2015

Based on the mutual interaction between the electromagnetic wave and pigments, the theoretical model is formulated. The influence of various factors, such as the size of the pigments, the volume ratio of pigments, and the optical constants, on the spectral reflective properties is systematically analyzed. Experiment is proceeded to testify the theoretical model. The theoretical design for the spectral reflective properties of the stealthy coating is further proposed.
Synthesis and Characterization of In2O3 Nanobelts via Hydrothermal Route
Authors: Liu Guo Dong , Wang Yu Guang , Lu Hui Bing , Tian Yuan
Published: July 2015

In the hydrothermal system, In (OH)3nanobelts were obtained. After heat-treatment at 300 °C, In2O3single crystals nanobelts were produced, which can keep the morphologies and sizes of precursors. The room temperature PL spectra of as-prepared In2O3nanobelts are also detected. PL peaks of In2O3nanobelts mainly focused at 458 nm (blue).
Analysis of Freeze-Drying and Rehydration of Açai (Euterpe oleracea Martius)
Authors: Brandão R.J. , Prado M.M. , Marques L.G.
Published: July 2015

The freeze-drying rate is essentially low, since it is controlled by internal moisture diffusion. In addition, the application of vacuum and low temperature during the process presents a higher energy demand. Therefore, the search for new strategies to improve water mobility during freeze-drying constitutes a topic of relevant research. The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of power ultrasound to improve freeze-drying characteristics of açai, quantifying the influence of the applied power on both the drying and rehydration kinetics of the material. Açai (Euterpe oleracea Martius) samples were sonicated with two different frequency levels, 20 kHz and 40 kHz, and two sonication times, 3 min and 10 min. Page’s equation considering internal and external resistances to mass transfer provided a good fit of freeze-drying kinetics, while the Peleg’s equation was found to be suitable for describing the rehydration kinetics of freeze-dried açai. Pretreatment of açai with ultrasound waves was not effective. Ultrasound-induced structural disruption in the açai skin hindered the mass transfer during both freeze-drying and rehydration processes.
Catalytic Hydrolysis of Pretreated Sugarcane Bagasse over Acid-Activated Vermiculite Catalysts
Authors: Nunes B.R.P. , de Sousa Conrado Líbia , Morais C.R.S.
Published: July 2015

Aiming at obtaining glucose, we studied the chemical pretreatment (NaOH + H2SO4) and the hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse using as catalyst the acid-treated vermiculite clay. Samples of the bagasse before and after the treatment were characterized as to the fiber content and XRD. It has been found that the chemical pretreatment showed satisfactory results providing a decrease of 40% in the lignin content and of 43% in the hemicellulose content, regarding to the bagasse in natura. Catalytic tests in aqueous solution were performed at 200°C, to evaluate the use of vermiculite treated as a catalyst for the hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse. The reaction product was filtered and the supernatant was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. A yield of 6.18% in glucose was achieved.
The Stability of CeNi3-Based Intermetallic Hydrides
Authors: Lushnikov Stepan Alexandrovich , Filippova Tatyana Victorovna
Published: July 2015

Hydrides of CeNi3 intermetallic compounds were synthesized with hydrogen at a pressure of up to 50 bars at room and low temperatures. Using the X-ray diffraction method gives phase composition and lattice parameters of the hydride samples. It was revealed that one set of the hydride samples was stable in air and at room temperature, while another set was very unstable at the same conditions and rapidly desorbed hydrogen. This diverse behaviour depends on the proportion of obtained hydride phases at low and room temperatures, coexisting in the samples. A possible explanation has been proposed based on the different diffusion of hydrogen atoms in ordered and disordered hydride phases, incorporated in the samples.
The Effect of Heat Treatment on Morphology and Phase Composition of Grain Boundary Phases in Mg-Zn-Y-Nd-Zr
Authors: Melikhova Oksana , Čížek Jakub , Vlček Marián , Lukáč František , Vlach Martin , Smola Bohumil , Stulíková Ivana , Kužel Radomír , Procházka Ivan , Kudrnova Hana , Jäger Aleš
Published: July 2015

The Mg-Zn-Y system attracts interest of researchers due to the formation of quasicrystalline particles which are believed to improve mechanical properties of Mg-based alloys. In the Mg-Zn-Y-Nd-Zr alloy (WE43 modified by addition of Zn) studied here the formation of icosahedral phase (I-phase) with quasicrystalline structure competes with cubic W-phase. Grain boundary phases in Mg-Zn-Y-Nd-Zr alloys subjected to various heat treatments were characterized. It was found that the portion of the I-phase in Mg-Zn-Y-Nd-Zr alloy can be increased by a suitable heat treatment. Moreover, the solidification process is influenced by the cooling rate resulting in a striking difference in the morphology of grain boundary phases.
Development of Technology of Leucoxene Concentrates Processing
Authors: Dmitriev Andrey N. , Leontiev L.I. , Shavrin S.V.
Published: July 2015

The importance of leucoxene concentrates of Yaregskoye deposit as raw materials for pigmental dioxide production is shown in this paper. The technology of thermal activation of leucoxene concentrates is developed and tested in industrial conditions. The offered methods and technologies will allow providing in the long term domestic titanium-containing raw materials the pigmental industry of the Russian Federation.