bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oral and Rectal Colonization by Antimicrobial-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria and Their Association with Death among Residents of Long-Term Care Facilities: A Prospective, Multicenter, Observational, Cohort Study
Authors: Kajihara Toshiki , Yahara Koji , Yoshikawa Mineka , Haruta Azusa , Kawada-Matsuo Miki , Le Mi Nguyen-Tra , Arai Chika , Takeuchi Maho , Kitamura Norikazu , Sugawara Yo , Hisatsune Junzo , Kayama Shizuo , Ohta Kouji , Tsuga Kazuhiro , Komatsuzawa Hitoshi , Ohge Hiroki , Sugai Motoyuki
Published: October 2022

Introduction: The prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) remains unclear. Furthermore, the effect of ARB colonization on the clinical outcomes of LTCF residents has not been explored. Methods: We conducted a prospective multicenter cohort study and investigated the residents (N = 178) of six Japanese LTCFs (three Welfare Facilities for the Elderly Requiring Long-term Care and three Geriatric Health Service Facilities) for oral and rectal carriage of ARB. The clinical outcomes of the residents were evaluated based on isolating bacterial strains and subjecting them to whole-genome sequencing. Results: Of the 178 participants, 32 belonging to Geriatric Health Service Facilities with no information on their clinical outcome were excluded, and the remaining 146 were followed up for at most 21 months. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were detected in 42.7% (n = 76) and 2.8% (n = 5) of the rectal swabs and 5.6% (n = 10) and 3.4% (n = 6) of the oral swabs, respectively. Detection of ARB in the oral and rectal cavities showed remarkable association with enteral nutrition. Further, P. aeruginosa was significantly associated with an increase in mortality of the residents, but there were not significant association between ESBL-producing Enterobacterales and mortality. Core-genome phylogeny of P. aeruginosa revealed a wide-spread distribution of the isolated strains across the phylogeny, which included a cluster of ST235 strains with substantially higher biofilm formation ability than the other isolated P. aeruginosa strains. Discussion/Conclusion: This study is the first to investigate the carriage of both oral and rectal ARB, genomic relatedness and determinants of antimicrobial resistance in isolated strains, and clinical outcomes of LTCF residents. Our study provides the first direct evidence for the burden of antimicrobial resistance in LTCFs.
Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction Related to Adrenal Insufficiency in a Case due to Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1 with a Novel Variant
Authors: Özer Yavuz , Turan Hande , Dağdeviren Çakır Aydilek , Gökalp Selman , Ocak Zeynep , Ercan Oya , Evliyaoğlu Olcay
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Primary adrenal insufficiency associated with cardiomyopathy has been rarely reported in children. We report a case of left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction related to adrenal insufficiency with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS1). Case Presentation: A 7-year-old girl presented with a loss of consciousness. She had hyperpigmentation over joints and enamel hypoplasia. Laboratory tests showed hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, and hyperphosphatemia. Endocrine evaluations revealed low serum parathyroid hormone, low cortisol, and high ACTH. Echocardiography showed moderate to severe mitral regurgitation and LV systolic dysfunction. Serum pro-brain natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP) level was high (2,348 pg/mL). Adrenal insufficiency, hypoparathyroidism, and enamel dysplasia suggested APS1. A novel homozygous variant in the AIRE gene, NM_000383, p.Cys322Arg (c.964T>C) confirmed the diagnosis. Calcium, calcitriol, and hydrocortisone treatments were started. Serum pro-BNP level returned to normal, and LV systolic function improved. Conclusion: Here, we present a case of adrenal insufficiency and hypoparathyroidism associated with LV systolic dysfunction whose cardiac findings improved completely with hydrocortisone and calcitriol treatments. Our case is the second reported case of APS1 presenting with LV dysfunction.
Expertise, Social Influence, and Knowledge Aggregation in Distributed Information Processing
Authors: Mertzani Asimina , Pitt Jeremy , Nowak Andrzej , Michalak Tomasz
Published: October 2022

In many social, cyber-physical, and socio-technical systems, a group of autonomous peers can encounter a knowledge aggregation problem, requiring them to organise themselves, without a centralised authority, as a distributed information processing unit (DIP). In this article, we specify and implement a new algorithm for knowledge aggregation based on Nowak’s psychological theory Regulatory Theory of Social Influence (RTSI). This theory posits that social influence consists of not only sources trying to influence targets, but also targets seeking sources by whom to be influenced and learning what processing rules those sources are using. A multi-agent simulator SMARTSIS is implemented to evaluate the algorithm, using as its base scenario a linear public goods game where the DIP’s decision is a qualitative question of distributive justice. In a series of experiments examining the emergence of expertise, we show how RTSI enhances the effectiveness of the multi-agent DIP as a social group while conserving each agent’s individual resources. Additionally, we identify eight criteria for evaluating the DIP unit’s performance, consisting of four conflicting pairs of systemic drivers, and discuss how RTSI maintains a balanced tension between the four driver pairs through the emergence and divergence of expertise. We conclude by arguing that this shows how psychological theories like RTSI can have a crucial role in informing agent-based models of human behaviour, which in turn may be critically important for effective knowledge management and reflective self-improvement in both cyber-physical and socio-technical systems.
Nicholas of Cusa and the Ottoman Threat to Christendom
Authors: Izbicki Thomas , Ron Nathan
Published: October 2022

Nicholas of Cusa (1401–1464) had a long-time interest in the possibility of dialog with muslims. When the Ottomans captured Constantinople in 1453, he authored a vision of religious peace in De pace fidei. By the time Pope Pius II called for a crusade against the Turks, Nicholas provided him with a critique of the Qurʾān. The changed viewpoint combined polemic with an effort to find Christian truths in the Islamic sacred text. This article traces the changes in Cusanus’s thought on Islam and the crusade through an examination of his sermons and other texts not ordinarily read in this context. These texts reveal a gradual move away from dialog and toward support of the crusade.
Cyril of Alexandria’s Critique of “Jewish” Parental Sin
Authors: Weiss Dov
Published: October 2022

Original sin was one of the contentious issues that stood at the heart of the Catholic- Pelagian debate in the early 400’s. In recent years, patristic scholars have sought to uncover Cyril of Alexandria’s (376–444 CE) position on this central Catholic teaching. This essay proposes that scholars have overlooked an important indicator of Cyril’s view on this matter, that is, his multi-paged critique of the theological doctrine of parental sin that appears in his Commentary to the Gospel of John (9:1–3). I will argue that just as the debate over parental sin played an explicit and central role in the Augustinian-Pelagian debates on original sin, so too the debate over parental sin could shed some light on Cyril’s attitude toward original sin.
The Nubian “King” in Constantinople (1203): Interactions between Nubia and the Mediterranean
Authors: Simmons Adam
Published: October 2022

The visit of the Nubian “king” to Constantinople in 1203 during the Fourth Crusade was a unique episode in the history of crusading and survives in only one account, that of the French knight Robert de Clari. No other Crusade witnessed a similar encounter with a Nubian royal, yet the “king’s” appeareance is not described by any other Latin European, or even alluded to in contemporary Byzantine documents either. Despite this apparent ignorance in the sources, the “king” and his companions were seemingly the product of centuries of interactions between Christian Nubia and the Mediterranean which had developed over 600 years and remained intact despite the disturbances of the Arab conquests and the Crusades, as well as recently formed connections. This article seeks to situate the visit within these interactions to better understand how and why this encounter occured.
Understanding Predictability of Daily Southeast U.S. Precipitation Using Explainable Machine Learning
Authors: Pegion Kathy , Becker Emily J. , Kirtman Ben P.
Published: October 2022

We investigate the predictability of the sign of daily southeastern U.S. (SEUS) precipitation anomalies associated with simultaneous predictors of large-scale climate variability using machine learning models. Models using index-based climate predictors and gridded fields of large-scale circulation as predictors are utilized. Logistic regression (LR) and fully connected neural networks using indices of climate phenomena as predictors produce neither accurate nor reliable predictions, indicating that the indices themselves are not good predictors. Using gridded fields as predictors, an LR and convolutional neural network (CNN) are more accurate than the index-based models. However, only the CNN can produce reliable predictions that can be used to identify forecasts of opportunity. Using explainable machine learning we identify which variables and grid points of the input fields are most relevant for confident and correct predictions in the CNN. Our results show that the local circulation is most important as represented by maximum relevance of 850-hPa geopotential heights and zonal winds to making skillful, high-probability predictions. Corresponding composite anomalies identify connections with El Niño–Southern Oscillation during winter and the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation and North Atlantic subtropical high during summer.
Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Variations in Sinonasal Anatomy
Authors: Kulich Marta , Long Ryan , Reyes Orozco Francis , Yi Ashley Hyunjung , Hao Audrey , Han Jane S. , Hur Kevin
Published: October 2022

Background:

Complications during endoscopic sinus surgery often result from unfavorable anatomy. The prevalence rates of such anatomic findings vary tremendously in the literature, in part due to the small, homogenous populations previously studied.

Objective:

To characterize the prevalence of sinonasal anatomic variants among ethnic groups and genders seen at an academic medical center.

Methods:

This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of adult subjects who underwent CT imaging of the sinuses from January 2019 to November 2020 at a tertiary academic setting. CT scans were analyzed systematically by 3 trained study personnel for the presence of critical sinus anatomic variants that endoscopic sinus surgeons typically evaluate for preoperatively. Chi-squared tests and analyses of variance were conducted to detect differences in the prevalence of structural findings between genders and races/ethnicities.

Results:

A total of 489 subjects (57% female) were included: 44 Asian, 14 Black/African American, 101 Hispanic/Latino, 203 White, 127 Other. The prevalence of the following anatomical variants differed by race/ethnicity: Haller cells, Type 3 optic nerve, Onodi cells, maxillary septations, sphenoid lateral recess, anterior clinoid process pneumatization, and carotid artery dehiscence. Asian subjects had higher rates of Haller cells (48% vs 16%, P < .001) and Type 3 optic nerve (18% vs 4%, P = .022) compared to Hispanic subjects, as well as a higher prevalence of Onodi cells (39% vs 17%, P = .003) compared to White subjects. Males had a higher prevalence of mesenteric anterior ethmoid arteries (62% vs 45%, P < .001) and dehiscent carotid arteries (30% vs 21%, P = .024).

Conclusion:

Certain sinonasal anatomic variants, which have direct implications for complications during endoscopic sinus surgery, were found to be significantly more prevalent in some demographic groups. Surgeons should be aware of these differences in their review of preoperative imaging for safe surgical planning.
Effect of automated feedback laboratory comments promoting good phlebotomy practice on the frequency of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) contamination of serum samples
Authors: Kalaria Tejas , Ford Clare , Gama Rousseau
Published: October 2022

Background

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) contamination of serum samples is common but under-recognized unless EDTA is measured. Incorrect order of draw with closed phlebotomy (vacutainer) does not cause EDTA contamination. EDTA contamination occurs largely or solely during open phlebotomy due to syringe tip or needle-tip contamination when delivering blood into EDTA sample tubes before other sample tubes or direct transfer of blood from EDTA containing tubes to other tubes. Therefore, preference for closed phlebotomy or following the order of tube fill when open phlebotomy is used may reduce EDTA contamination.

Methods

The laboratory’s comments for EDTA-contaminated serum samples were amended to encourage closed phlebotomy and with open phlebotomy filling of serum tubes before EDTA and fluoride-EDTA tubes. The weekly frequency of EDTA sample contamination, normalized for weekly urea and electrolyte (U&E) requests, was studied 52 weeks before and 43 weeks after amending the comments.

Results

Median (IQR) frequency of EDTA-contaminated samples per week per 10,000 U&Es decreased by 58% [5.6 (3.1–9.2) versus 2.3 (1.1–4.4); P < 0.001] after the introduction of the new comment.

Conclusion

Explicit automated laboratory feedback comments promoting closed phlebotomy and order of tube fill with open phlebotomy were associated with a 58% reduction in EDTA-contaminated samples and thus may play a role in improving phlebotomy practise.
Optimizing Customer Involvement: How Close Should You Be to Your Customers?
Authors: Sampson Scott E. , Chase Richard B.
Published: October 2022

Two strategic factors of any business are customer interaction (how close you are to your customers) and customer participation (how involved customers are in producing the offering). In recent years, we have seen companies increase interaction through servitization and increase customer participation through self-service technologies. Yet, more is not necessarily better. Too much customer interaction can destroy operating efficiencies. Too much customer participation can compromise quality and depersonalize service relationships. This article provides a framework for analyzing customer interaction and participation, including an outline of decision factors, with the goal of identifying optimal and sustainable positioning for any given offering.
Improvement in the efficiency of the five-axis machining of aerospace blisks
Authors: Lee Jeng-Nan , Yeh He-Lung , Shie Ming-Jhang , Chen Teng-Hui
Published: October 2022

Blisks are not easily machined because of their complex curved surfaces and the high-precision requirements of surface machining. Lightweight alloy materials with superior mechanical properties, such as titanium alloy and stainless steel, are popular material choices for manufacturing turbine blisks. However, these materials are difficult to cut and require advanced machine tools and processing technologies. Because aerospace-grade parts are complex and require precise dimensions and high surface quality, machining these parts by using three-axis machine tools is difficult. Using multi-axis machine tools for the machining of complex parts can cause the achievement of precise dimensions, high quality, and the required surface roughness. In the multi-axis machining of aerospace blisks, tool path planning is considered the most difficult task. In this study, we examined the implementation of five-axis machining technology for the manufacturing of an aerospace blisk. Processing modules from computer-aided manufacturing software (NX10) are used for five-axis tool path generating, and 5-axis machining numerical control code is generated through post-processing calculations. Solid cutting simulation software (VERICUT) is used to verify whether tools exhibited overcut or interference. A sensory tool holder (SPIKE) is used to analyze cutting force during the rough machining of a blisk. The sensory tool holder is also adopted to evaluate the spindle runout and tool holding status. In order to obtain a consistent cutting allowance and surface accuracy, the online measurement system is used to generate a measurement path for semi-finish and finish machining. The real cut is performed with SUS304 and demonstrates the practical application. Through improvements in process planning, the machining time was shortened by 16.5%.
Development of novel fashion design knowledge base by integrating conflict rule processing mechanism and its application in personalized fashion recommendations
Authors: Ling Xue , Zhenyu Jin , Hong Yan , Pan Zhijuan
Published: October 2022

Currently, consumers are increasing the demand for personalized fashion recommendation systems, especially in e-commerce. The success of fashion recommendation largely relies on the fashion design knowledge base, which is the modelling of the professional knowledge and experience of fashion designers. As fashion products are rather emotional and easily influenced by fashion trends, fashion design knowledge bases always involve rich fashion-style words and various garment component elements, which results in conflict rules in personalized fashion recommendations. For system users, the recommendations cannot fully meet their personalized needs. In this context, this article proposes a novel garment design knowledge base by integrating the conflict rule processing mechanism and its application to the personalized fashion recommendation system. The proposed research methodology of the processing mechanism is based on subjective evaluation and fuzzy logic. Firstly, through the subjective evaluation by an expert group, the relationship between fashion-style words and garment component elements is established. After that, the conflict categories are identified and then the relationship between conflict categories and garment component elements is established. As the experimental data obtained from the subjective evaluation are semantics, fuzzy logic is employed to quantify and model the relationships. Finally, the established processing mechanism of conflict rules is applied to establish a personalized dress recommendation system in order to validate its performance. The experimental results show that the proposed mechanism is feasible and able to enhance the success of the recommendation, which can be further applied to the recommendation of all kinds of garments and other industrial products.
Analysis and evaluation of the thermal performance of combinations of suits and life jackets in water
Authors: Yang Ruiliang , Wu Zijiang , Qian Xiaoming , Shi Yunlong
Published: October 2022

Life jackets are essential life-saving devices, and also play an important role in the thermal protection of drowning victims in cold water. To better understand the thermal performance of the combinations of suits and life jackets in water, a thermal manikin named “Walter” in a water tank was used to simulate the environment surrounding the drowning person. Three sets of suits and three sets of life jackets form a total of 12 test combinations to simulate the clothes worn by drowning people. The thermal resistance of 12 combinations in water were measured according to ISO 15831 and heat transfer coefficients for the chest, back, upper arm, arm, thigh and leg of the 12 test combinations were calculated and compared. Results showed that the combinations of the clothes and life jacket efficiently lowered conduction and convective heat transfer coefficients in the water. The total thermal resistance of the 12 test combinations ranged from 0.011 to 0.054°C · m2/W. The post-hoc analysis revealed that the conductive thermal resistances of the clothing combinations with life jackets were all elevated compared to those of the clothing combinations without life jackets ( p < 0.001), showing that life jackets provide better thermal insulation. The linear regression indicated that the conductive thermal resistance of the test combination had a considerable impact on the convective heat transfer coefficient. This study helps to establish the systematic study of the thermal protection performance of life jackets.
Who Is My Mother? (This Is My Family, Broken for You)
Authors: DeWald Megan
Published: October 2022

This article explores emerging research in youth ministry that finds mothers to be some of the most vocal and active advocates of young people who identify as LGBTQ. Drawing a link between mothers who have been at the forefront of other social movements and these present-day advocates, this article urges caution in the celebration of this finding, noting how the church's uncritical adoption of the cult of motherhood has led to the further entrenchment of patriarchal systems of power. Instead, the author suggests that a queer interpretation of Jesus’ reimagination of family in various gospel texts might serve as more faithful and liberating foundations for ministry with LGBTQ youth.
Youth as Ministers: Fish Sandwiches and the Prophetic Ministry of Young People in the Missing Voices Project
Authors: Forbes Justin B.
Published: October 2022

Leaning on the missional theology of Karl Barth, this article explores the theme of young people using their voice and agency in various congregations across Florida. These ministry contexts are focused on creating new expressions of youth ministry that take seriously the voices and experiences of young people in the queer community, with various intellectual disabilities, and from within the experience of foster care. The witness of these young people gave rise to hope that congregations might be shaped by their voices and be open to being formed by their very presence. Barth gives language to their experiences as an example of being a witness, prophetic even, within these congregational settings. With a heavy emphasis on the voices of young people themselves, this article explores the possibility of congregational systems being open to God's leading through teenagers.
A Baptismal Ecclesiology of Inclusion for Every Body
Authors: Conner Benjamin T.
Published: October 2022

The youth involved in the Missing Voices Project research have intuited and drawn upon some of the central theological themes from disability theology. These youth bear witness to a nascent and youthful theology of disability along with elements of an inclusive, activist ecclesiology.
Living/Listening as If the Gospel Is True
Authors: Mather Michael
Published: October 2022

The Missing Voices Project could be named the Missing Listeners Project. The voices of the very young are present, but there aren’t practices that pay attention to their voices. How will the adults in congregations and ministries pay attention to the gifts, prophecies, talents, passions, and work of the young people that surround them? Listening to the adults and young people in the Missing Voices Project invites us to join God’s good work in the world.
An Invitation to and from the “Missing Voices” in Congregations
Authors: Farmer Sarah F.
Published: October 2022

This article invites congregations to rethink their approach to young people who have been marginalized by the church. It explores ways young people can feel seen, heard, and valued within congregations. Rather than condemning the church for what it is NOT doing, this article is an invitation to both the youth who are missing from the church and church to view each other differently.
Growing Together Through Our Cultural Differences: Self-Expansion in Intercultural Romantic Relationships
Authors: West Alexandria L. , Naeimi Hanieh , Di Bartolomeo Alyssa A. , Yampolsky Maya , Muise Amy
Published: October 2022

Intercultural romantic relationships are increasingly common and although the obstacles such couples face are well documented, the factors that facilitate their success are less studied. Although cultural differences may present challenges, they also offer opportunities for self-expansion—personal growth via new perspectives, knowledge, and identities. In three studies using cross-sectional, dyadic, longitudinal, and experimental methods ( NTotal = 896), self-expansion was associated with relationship quality and identity outcomes (i.e., identity integration, cultural self-awareness). Self-expanding through a partner’s culture (i.e., cultural self-expansion) was uniquely related to identity outcomes, beyond self-expanding more generally ( relational self-expansion). Furthermore, actively sharing cultures and discussing their differences were linked to greater cultural and relational self-expansion, which in turn differentially predicted partners’ relationship quality and cultural identities. These studies provide a first look at the role of self-expansion in intercultural relationships, demonstrating that the way couples negotiate their cultures is linked to both relational and personal outcomes.
Relationship Between Socioeconomic Conditions and Financial Fraud Victimization Among Older Adults in China: Do Financial Literacy and Financial Attitudes Matter?
Authors: Mao Xupeng , Liu Yuerong
Published: October 2022

Using data from the 2015 wave of the China Household Finance Survey ( N ≈ 12,100), this study used structural equation modeling to examine the relationship between socioeconomic conditions (i.e., educational attainments, hukou status, and household financial assets per capita) and financial fraud victimization among Chinese older adults and the mediating roles of financial literacy and financial attitudes (i.e., interest in financial matters and risk tolerance). We found that although neither educational attainment nor hukou status was directly related to financial fraud victimization, household financial assets per capita was postively associated with the risk of financial fraud victimization. In addition, higher educational attainment, urban hukou, and more financial assets per capita were associated with more risk of financial fraud victimization through higher levels of financial literacy and higher interest in financial matters. Implications for preventing and protecting Chinese older adults from financial fraud victimization are discussed.
Method Effects Associated to Item Valence: Evidence From the 10-Item Big-Five Inventory in Older Adults
Authors: Fernández Irene , Torres Zaira , Martínez-Gregorio Sara , Oliver Amparo , Tomás José M.
Published: October 2022

The objective of this study is to analyze the factor structure of the BFI-10 considering item valence effects when applied to measure older adults. Likewise, this study aims to estimate the factorial structure, internal consistency of the scale, to assess the nomological validity, and the association of the Big Five traits with age. 75,078 participants with mean age of 68.27 from the 7th Wave of the SHARE study were included. Confirmatory Factor Analyses, omega coefficients and Pearson correlations were estimated. The best-fit model identified a five-factor structure with two valence effects, internal consistency ranged from .26 to .64, the nomological network showed that loneliness is negatively associated to neuroticism and positively with the other four traits, and the opposite direction in the associations with the five traits and satisfaction and quality of life. Consciousness, Extraversion and Openness have been found as dimensions that tend to decrease with age.
False geminates as an effective transitional strategy for Cantonese learners of Japanese
Authors: Lee Albert , Li Xiaolin , Mok Peggy
Published: October 2022

This article revisits Lee and Mok (2018) and examines how the Cantonese learners in the study produced second language (L2) Japanese short vs. long consonants which are absent in their first language (L1). Specifically, our goal is to find out whether these learners were substituting real geminates (i.e. long consonants) with the improvised strategy of an unreleased stop coda + homorganic initial consonant sequence (like in the phrase cat tail), which would not have been detectable with the durational ratios in the original study. We analysed the mean intensity of the words sassa, sesse, and sosso, to investigate whether the learners were producing a [t̚]+/s/ cluster, presumably drawn from their L1. The results showed that the beginner group were indeed using this strategy, whereas the advanced learners were largely producing a genuinely geminated /s/ akin to the native speakers. The use of this transitional strategy was also speech-rate dependent, with more cases of /t/-insertion in slower speech for both learner groups. We conclude that (1) although having L1 false geminates does not enable beginners to readily acquire genuine L2 geminates, the latter can be learned after enough exposure, and (2) during this transition, Cantonese learners can draw on L1 phonotactic knowledge to improvise creative and effective strategies to attain L2 durational targets.
Parents’ attitude towards pneumococcal vaccine: an online survey from Jordan
Authors: AL-Iede Montaha , Khanfar Asim N. , Alshrouf Mohammad A. , Azzam Muayad I. , Haddad Tala A. , Khanfar Omar N. , Al-Tarawneh Zaid M. , Aleidi Shereen M.
Published: October 2022

Objectives

In developing countries, the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) has not been incorporated into the national immunization schedule, and the vaccination rate is low. This study aimed to examine parental knowledge, attitudes, and barriers to children receiving the PCV in Jordan.

Methods

This was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. The online survey was written in Arabic and consisted of three main sections. The questionnaire was distributed via social media platforms, such as Facebook, Twitter, and WhatsApp.

Results

In total, 720 responses were analyzed. Only 149 (20.7%) of the parents’ children were vaccinated with the PCV. However, almost half 356 (49.4%) of the respondents were willing to vaccinate their children. Most (563, 78.1%) parents stated that the vaccine would protect their children from pneumococcal disease. More than two thirds (516, 71.6%) of them strongly agreed or agreed that the cost of the PCV is high. Parents who had vaccinated their children had a higher monthly income than parents who had not vaccinated their children.

Conclusions

This study shows a lack of knowledge regarding pneumococcal infection and the PCV among Jordanian parents. This is the main barrier to vaccinating children. Therefore, improving parental knowledge would increase the rate of vaccination among Jordanian children.
Utilizing Nano Silica to Reduce Calcium Oxychloride Formation in Cementitious Materials
Authors: Westbrook Mallory A. , Ghantous Rita M. , Weiss W. Jason , Belkowitz Jon S.
Published: October 2022

This paper examines the use of two nano silica (NS) materials as an additive that can reduce the susceptibility of concrete to deicing salt damage. The motivation for this research is to evaluate whether NS can be used to improve resistance to calcium oxychloride formation because of deicing salts. Deicing salts, like calcium chloride and magnesium chloride, can react with water and calcium hydroxide in concrete to form an expansive product called calcium oxychloride. This work builds on previous observations that supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), such as Class F fly ash, slag, and silica fumes, can reduce calcium oxychloride formation through dilution of the cement, which results in a reduction in calcium hydroxide and the pozzolanic reaction, which further reduces calcium hydroxide through chemical reaction. This paper investigates whether NS additions during the mixing process can provide similar results to other SCMs. Both NSs had the same particle size distribution and specific surface area, but NS2 had alumina on the surface while NS1 did not. Toward this end, the calcium hydroxide content and calcium oxychloride were measured using thermal gravimetric analysis and low-temperature differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. The addition of NS to a mixture was found to reduce the calcium oxychloride at lower dosages as compared to Class F fly ash.
Stability and change in dispositional envy: Longitudinal evidence on envy as a stable trait
Authors: Erz Elina , Rentzsch Katrin
Published: October 2022

Dispositional envy has been conceptualized as an emotional trait that varies across comparison domains (e.g., attraction, competence, wealth). Despite its prevalence and potentially detrimental effects, little is known about stability and change in dispositional envy across time due to a lack of longitudinal data. The goal of the present research was to close this gap by investigating stability and developmental change in dispositional envy over time. In a preregistered longitudinal study across 6 years, we analyzed data from N = 1229 German participants ( n = 510–634 per wave) with a mean age of 47.0 years at intake ( SD = 12.4, range 18–88). Results from latent factor models revealed that both global and domain-specific dispositional envy were stable across 6 years in terms of their rank order and mean levels, with stability coefficients similar to those of other trait measures reported in literature. Moreover, a substantial amount of variance in global and domain-specific dispositional envy was accounted for by a stable trait factor. Results thus provide evidence for a stable disposition toward the experience of envy both at the global level and within specific envy domains. The present findings have important theoretical and practical implications for the stability and development of dispositional envy in adulthood and advance the understanding of emotional traits in general.
Beyond torture: Knowledge and power at the nexus of social science and national security
Authors: Rohde Joy
Published: October 2022

In the wake of revelations about the American Psychological Association's complicity in the military's enhanced interrogation program, some psychologists have called upon the association to sever its ties to national security agencies. But psychology's relationship to the military is no short-term fling born of the War on Terror. This article demonstrates that psychology's close relationship to national security agencies and interests has long been a visible and consequential feature of the discipline. Drawing on social scientific debates about the relationship between national security agencies and the social sciences in the late 1960s and early 1970s, this article also provides cautionary lessons for psychologists confronting the torture controversy. It concludes that an ethically robust response to this controversy requires that psychologists engage in a sustained reckoning with the powerful institutional, epistemological, and financial incentives that have bound the discipline to the military and intelligence communities since World War I.
Beyond following rules: Teaching research ethics in the age of the Hoffman Report
Authors: Rodkey Elissa N. , Buttrey Michael , Rodkey Krista L.
Published: October 2022

The Hoffman Report scandal demonstrates that ethics is not objective and ahistorical, contradicting the comforting progressive story about ethics many students receive. This modern-day ethical failure illustrates some of the weaknesses of the current ethics code: it is rule-based, emphasizes punishments for noncompliance, and assumes a rational actor who can make tricky ethical decisions using a cost–benefit analysis. This rational emphasis translates into pedagogy: the cure for unethical behavior is more education. Yet such an approach seems unlikely to foster ethical behavior in the real world, either for students or for mature scientists. This article argues for an alternative ethical system and a different way of teaching ethical behavior. Virtue ethics emphasizes the development of ethical habits and traits through regular practice and reflection. We show how virtue ethics complements a feminist approach to science, in which scientists are encouraged to reflect on their own biases, rather than attempting to achieve an impossible objectivity. Our article concludes with pedagogical suggestions for teaching ethical behavior as a practical and intelligent skill.
Introduction: The Hoffman Report in historical context
Authors: Weidman Nadine
Published: October 2022

This brief introduction explains the historical background of the Hoffman Report, the 2015 independent counsel's investigation into the American Psychological Association's role in aiding ‘enhanced interrogations’ of detainees in the Bush Administration's Global War on Terror. It also outlines the articles in this special section of History of the Human Sciences on the Hoffman Report in Historical Context.
Research on deviation correction characteristics of automatic vertical drilling tool
Authors: Tian Jialin , Guo Linpeng , Xiong Changqing , Liu Chenghang
Published: October 2022

The automatic vertical drilling tool can solve the problems of poor effect of conventional drilling. In order to effectively improve the ROP (rate of penetration) and quality of vertical wells, an automatic vertical drilling tool is developed in this article. This new innovative design has these performances, such as high temperature resistance, strong reliability. By analyzing the drilling trend with drill string system, the tool deflection correction ability was studied. Based on the longitudinal and horizontal bending continuous beam method, the BHA mechanical models of the automatic vertical drilling tool, including the calculation formulas of the lateral force and rotation angle, were established considering the variable cross-section treatments. The drilling trend prediction model was derived by formation interaction functions, and verified by numerical examples and experimental tests. On these bases, taking the trend angle of well inclination as the evaluation indicators, combined with the lateral force and rotation angle of drilling tool, the influencing factors of this tool deviation correction ability were analyzed. These calculation and experimental test results show that: the WOB, thrust force, bit anisotropy and formation anisotropy have a significant impact on the tool deflection correction ability. Furthermore, the research results can supply theoretical references for the vertical drilling and design of similar tools. Also, this research can provide basis for the optimization of drilling parameters, and the prediction and control of the wellbore trajectory.
Optimization of process parameters for electromagnetic induction heating assisted extrusion of magnesium alloy AZ91D internal thread
Authors: Liu Meng , Ji Zesheng , Li Xuemei , Fan Rui
Published: October 2022

The forming of magnesium alloy AZ91D internal thread by electromagnetic induction heating assisted extrusion is a new processing method. In this work, on the basis of this process, the torque in the forming process is selected as the evaluation index, and the response surface method is used to analyze the influence of the process parameters on the internal thread forming process. The range of process parameters (auxiliary heating temperature, hole diameter, machine tool speed) is determined by slip line and empirical method, the test data are simulated, modeled and compared with the response surface analysis method, and the best mathematical model is selected to establish the regression model. the three-dimensional response surface curve of torque is obtained. Through simulation and prediction, it is found that the hole diameter and auxiliary heating temperature have significant influence on the torque in the forming process, and the order is that the hole diameter is larger than the auxiliary heating temperature than the machine tool speed. At the same time, it is found that the interaction between the auxiliary heating temperature and the machine tool speed has a significant effect on the torque. The research results show that the measured value of torque is close to the predicted value, and the predicted value is 3.1% lower than the actual value, and the model fits well. The better forming process parameters are as follows: auxiliary heating temperature to be 240°C, hole diameter to be 11.45 mm, machine tool speed to be 100 r/min. under this parameter, the torque in the forming process to be 24.751 N·m.
Comparative analysis of AEB effectiveness based on typical and atypical scenarios of electric two-wheeler accidents in China
Authors: Pan Di , Han Yong , Jin Qianqian , Wu He , Wang Bingyu , Huang Hongwu , Mizuno Koji
Published: October 2022

Electric two-wheeler (ETW) accidents are one of the most important types of traffic accidents in China. Currently, the China New Car Assessment Program (C-NCAP) has proposed test scenarios to evaluate the effectiveness of autonomous emergency braking (AEB) for ETWs, including several common typical crash scenarios, but other atypical scenarios have not been considered. To determine the performance of AEB in real accidents, 16 in-depth accident cases with typical scenarios and 11 cases with atypical scenarios were selected based on a proposed C-NCAP typical scenario set and reconstructed using the virtual simulation tools MADYMO and PC-Crash. The crashes were re-simulated with a car equipped with an AEB system while varying the sensor field of view (FOV), time-to-collision (TTC), sensor delay time (SDT), and lateral trigger width ( W). The results show that for almost all combinations of AEB parameters, the crash avoidance rate was much higher in the typical scenario than that in the atypical scenario. When using an AEB with a FOV of 90° (±45°), all ETW accidents were avoided in typical scenarios, while even with the most efficient AEB system (FOV = ±60°, TTC trigger value = 1.5 s, SDT = 0.1 s), only 82% of crashes were avoided in atypical scenarios. Further considering the effect of lateral width, increasing the width from 2 to 5 m, the maximum avoidance rate of the AEB system increased by 43% in the typical scenarios and 18% in the atypical scenarios. The findings suggest that the typical AEB test scenarios proposed for C-NCAP were useful for other crash scenarios, but that including additional test scenarios may better reflect real world crash scenarios. It is recommended that atypical scenarios should be considered in C-NCAP, particularly perpendicular crash scenarios with the car or ETW turning, to better describe real accidents and improve vehicle safety.
The cost of pleasing social expectations: A serial mediation of Israeli mothers’ anxiety and depression in the relationship between defensiveness and parental self-efficacy
Authors: Kestler-Peleg Miri
Published: October 2022

In a social atmosphere of expecting mothers to sacrifice their own wellbeing for the sake of their children's wellbeing, pregnant women are compelled to find their stance in relation to these sets of expectations. The current study aimed at exploring the relationship between Israeli women's tendency to meet social expectations, that is, defensiveness at the end of pregnancy and parental self-efficacy five months postnatal, and at examining the role of anxiety and depression two months postnatal in this relationship. Participants included 238 Israeli women who completed self-reported questionnaires at three time points: during the third trimester of pregnancy (T1), two months after giving birth (T2), and three months later (T3). The questionnaires focused on background variables, defensiveness (T1), anxiety (T2), depression (T2), and parental self-efficacy (T3). Multiple regression analyses were conducted to assess a serial mediating model, which revealed that defensiveness (T1) impacts parental self-efficacy (T3). Additionally, anxiety (T2) and depression (T2) mediate this relationship, while controlling for age, education, and income (T1). The findings suggest that in the relationship between defensiveness at the end of pregnancy and parental self-efficacy five months postnatal, anxiety and depression served as the detrimental mechanism. The findings are discussed considering self-theories.
Malignancies among newly diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus patients and their survival
Authors: Kariniemi Simo , Rantalaiho Vappu , Virta Lauri J , Kautiainen Hannu , Puolakka Kari , Elfving Pia
Published: October 2022

The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of malignancies among newly diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients compared to reference individuals. Another aim was to assess the survival of SLE patients with malignancy compared to references with malignancy. Finnish adult (>17 years) newly diagnosed SLE patients were identified by their drug reimbursement decisions made during 1.1.2000–31.12.2014 from the register of the Social Insurance Institution. For each case, three population controls were individually selected by age, sex and place of residence. Overall, 1006 SLE patients (women 84%), with a mean age of 45.5 years (SD 16 years) and 3005 population controls were linked to Finnish Cancer Registry, and the information about incident malignancies was retrieved from the day the special reimbursement decision for SLE medication was accepted (index day, ID) until 31.12.2018 or until death. The patients diagnosed with malignancy were followed up until 31.12.2019 considering survival. During the follow-up, 85 SLE patients (women 78%) and 192 controls (women 78%) had developed one or more malignancy after the ID. The incidence rate ratio for any malignancy was 1.41 (95% CI 1.08–1.85). The most common malignancy in SLE patients was non-Hodgkin lymphoma, with twelve cases. SLE patients with malignancy had a lower adjusted 15-year survival than controls with malignancy, 27.1% versus 52.4%, and the adjusted hazard ratio for death was 1.68 (95% CI 1.17–2.43). Our results confirm that SLE patients have a higher risk for overall malignancy. The results also suggest that SLE patients with malignancy have lower survival than their references with malignancy.
Studying Mental Health Problems as Systems, Not Syndromes
Authors: Fried Eiko I.
Published: October 2022

Despite decades of clinical, sociopolitical, and research efforts, progress in understanding and treating mental health problems remains disappointing. I discuss two barriers that have contributed to a problematic oversimplification of mental illness. The first is diagnostic literalism, mistaking mental health problems (complex within-person processes) for the diagnoses by which they are classified (clinically useful idealizations to facilitate treatment selection and prognosis). The second is reductionism, the isolated study of individual elements of mental disorders. I propose conceptualizing people’s mental health states as outcomes emerging from complex systems of biological, psychological, and social elements and show that this systems perspective explains many robust phenomena, including variability within diagnoses, comorbidity among diagnoses, and transdiagnostic risk factors. It helps us understand diagnoses and reductionism as useful epistemological tools for describing the world, rather than ontological convictions about how the world is. It provides new lenses through which to study mental illness (e.g., attractor states, phase transitions), and new levers to treat them (e.g., early warning signals, novel treatment targets). Embracing the complexity of mental health problems requires opening our ivory towers to theories and methods from other fields with rich traditions, including network and systems sciences.