bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Psychology from Flat to Round: Intersubjectivity and Space in Peter Sloterdijk's Bubbles
Authors: Stepnisky Jeffrey
Published: March 2014

In this paper I describe the relevance of philosopher Peter Sloterdijk's (1998/2011) book Bubbles for social psychology. Bubbles offers the opportunity for the development of what I call a round social psychology. This is in contrast to the flatness characteristic of some of the more influential contemporary varieties of social psychology. Flat social psychology stays close to the ground, and is focused on the coordination of action. Round social psychology describes the atmosphere that surrounds and makes interaction possible in the first place. It requires a theory that links intersubjectivity with spatiality. To describe flat social psychology I analyze the assumptions of three contemporary versions of social psychology: social cognition theory, Goffman's dramaturgy, and Gergen's relational psychology. I then describe in greater detail Sloterdijk's bubble philosophy and the characteristics of round social psychology.
Food‐web patterns and diversity in tropical fish communities
Authors: Amarasinghe Upali S. , Vijverberg Jacobus , Weliange Wasantha S. , Vos Matthijs
Published: March 2014

The food webs for three Sri Lankan reservoirs, Minneriya (ancient and shallow), Udawalawe (young and shallow) and Victoria (young and deep), were compared. The species richness of the fish communities was highest in Minneriya (30 species), intermediate in Udawalawe (21 species) and lowest in Victoria (18 species). The fish species belonged to 11 families, with Cyprinidae dominating the community in terms of both abundance and species richness. The daily quantity of food consumed per fish species was used to distinguish weak from strong trophic interactions in these food webs. The fish community consumption pattern was characterized by a few strong interactions and many weak ones. The number of major consumers (i.e. contributing >5% of the total fish community consumption) for each reservoir was small and similar for all three reservoirs. Dawkinsia singhala and Amblypharyngodon melettinus were the two major consumers in all three reservoir food webs. Puntius chola was a major consumer in Minneriya and Victoria, although not in Udawalawe, where it fed less on detritus than for the other two food webs. The fish community fed mainly at the bottom of the food web, primarily on algae, macrophytes and detritus in all three reservoirs, with very little piscivory occurring. The average food‐web length was measured as the mean trophic index weighted for the consumption rates of the various fish populations that together comprised the fish community. The average food‐web length in these three Sri Lankan reservoirs relatively short, compared with most other tropical lake/reservoir food webs in Asia and Africa for which relevant data were available. Furthermore, traditionally unexploited species (Oreochromis mossambicus; O. niloticus), in contrast to species of commercial fisheries interest, are major role players in the trophic dynamics of reservoir ecosystems. Thus, based on this study, the potential of their exploitation should be considered in the management of reservoir fisheries.
Coalitional Approaches to Collusive Agreements in Oligopoly Games
Authors: Currarini Sergio , Marini Marco A.
Published: March 2014

In this paper we review a number of coalitional solution concepts for the analysis of cartel and merger stability in oligopoly. We show that, although so far the industrial organization and the cooperative game theoretic literature have proceeded somehow independently on this topic, the two approaches are highly inter‐connected. We show that different assumptions on the behaviour and on the timing of the coalitions of firms yield very different results on the associations of firms which are stable. We conclude by reviewing some recent extensions of the coalitional analysis to oligopolistic markets with heterogeneous firms and incomplete information.
Bellevalia chrisii sp. nov. (Asparagaceae) from eastern Anatolia, Turkey
Authors: Yıldırım Hasan , Altıoğlu Yusuf , Şahin Bilal , Aslan Serdar
Published: March 2014

Bellevalia chrisii Yıldırım & B. Şahin (Asparagaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species from the Malatya province in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Diagnostic morphological characters, a full description and detailed illustrations are provided on the basis of the type specimen and observations of wild populations. It is morphologically similar to B. rixii and B. crassa but is easily differentiated from both by more numerous and wider leaves, more numerous flowers, less dense fruiting raceme, longer fruiting pedicel and by the shape of the capsule. Moreover, it differs from B. crassa by crimson purple perigone and violaceous anthers. Also, it displays some similarities with B. glauca and has previously been confused with it, although it can be easily distinguished by several morphological features.The conservation status, a distribution map and notes on the biogeography and ecology of B. chrisii are provided.
Transcriptomic and lipidomic profiles of glycerolipids during Arabidopsis flower development
Authors: Nakamura Yuki , Teo Norman Z. W. , Shui Guanghou , Chua Christine H. L. , Cheong Wei‐Fun , Parameswaran Sriram , Koizumi Ryota , Ohta Hiroyuki , Wenk Markus R. , Ito Toshiro
Published: March 2014

Flower glycerolipids are the yet‐to‐be discovered frontier of the lipidome. Although ample evidence suggests important roles for glycerolipids in flower development, stage‐specific lipid profiling in tiny Arabidopsis flowers is challenging. Here, we utilized a transgenic system to synchronize flower development in Arabidopsis.

The transgenic plant PAP1::AP1‐GR ap1‐1 cal‐5 showed synchronized flower development upon dexamethasone treatment, which enabled massive harvesting of floral samples of homogenous developmental stages for glycerolipid profiling.

Glycerolipid profiling revealed a decrease in concentrations of phospholipids involved in signaling during the early development stages, such as phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylinositol, and a marked increase in concentrations of nonphosphorous galactolipids during the late stage. Moreover, in the midstage, phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate concentration was increased transiently, which suggests the stimulation of the phosphoinositide metabolism. Accompanying transcriptomic profiling of relevant glycerolipid metabolic genes revealed simultaneous induction of multiple phosphoinositide biosynthetic genes associated with the increased phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate concentration, with a high degree of differential expression patterns for genes encoding other glycerolipid‐metabolic genes. The phosphatidic acid phosphatase mutant pah1 pah2 showed flower developmental defect, suggesting a role for phosphatidic acid in flower development.

Our concurrent profiling of glycerolipids and relevant metabolic gene expression revealed distinct metabolic pathways stimulated at different stages of flower development in Arabidopsis.
Strong extrinsic reproductive isolation between parapatric populations of an Australian groundsel
Authors: Melo Maria C. , Grealy Alicia , Brittain Beth , Walter Greg M. , Ortiz‐Barrientos Daniel
Published: March 2014

Speciation with gene flow, or the evolution of reproductive isolation between interbreeding populations, remains a controversial problem in evolution. This is because gene flow erodes the adaptive differences that selection creates between populations.

Here, we use a combination of common garden experiments in the field and in the glasshouse to investigate what ecological and genetic mechanisms prevent gene flow and maintain morphological and genetic differentiation between coastal parapatric populations of the Australian groundselSenecio lautus.

We discovered that in each habitat extrinsic reproductive barriers prevented gene flow, whereas intrinsic barriers in F1hybrids were weak. In the field, herbivores played a major role in preventing gene flow, but glasshouse experiments demonstrated that soil type also created variable selective pressures both locally and on a greater geographic scale.

Our experimental results demonstrate that interfertile plant populations adapting to contrasting environments may diverge as a consequence of concurrent natural selection acting against migrants and hybrids through multiple mechanisms. These results provide novel insights into the consequences of local adaptation in the origin of strong barriers to gene flow in plants, and suggest that herbivory may play an important role in the early stages of plant speciation.
The Hard Road to Presentism
Authors: Asay Jamin , Baron Sam
Published: March 2014

It is a common criticism of presentism – the view according to which only the present exists – that it errs against truthmaker theory. Recent attempts to resolve the truthmaker objection against presentism proceed byrestrictingtruthmaker maximalism (the view that all truths have truthmakers), maintaining that propositions concerning the past are not made true by anything, but are true nonetheless. Support for this view is typically garnered from the case for negative existential propositions, which some philosophers contend are exceptions to truthmaker maximalism. In this article, we argue that a ‘no truthmakers’ approach to the truthmaker objection is critically flawed.
Magnetic field superimposed cold field emission gun under extreme-high vacuum
Authors: Kasuya Keigo , Kawasaki Takeshi , Moriya Noboru , Arai Makoto , Furutsu Tadao
Published: March 2014

A magnetic-field superimposed cold field emission gun (M-FEG) was developed for a 1.2-MV holography transmission electron microscope (TEM). Differential pumping using three nonevaporative getter pumps reduced the pressure of the gun to an extreme-high vacuum of 3 × 10−10 Pa and provided a stable probe current. The 90% decrease time, at which the current falls to 90% of the initial value, was 900 min. The current variation over the course of 8 h was 5.2%. The superimposed magnetic field provided large probe currents ranging from 1 to 170 nA for total currents ranging from 1 to 300 μA. The reduced pressure caused the angular current density to be twice that of a conventional field emission gun operating at 10−8 Pa. This increase can be explained by the difference between current densities emitted from the clean and adsorbed emitter surfaces. These results show that the developed M-FEG can provide the 1.2-MV TEM with a bright and stable emission current.
Formation of dendritic Pt nanostructures on graphite
Authors: Julukian Armen , Raaen Steinar , Franke David
Published: March 2014

Formation of unique shapes and geometries was obtained by evaporation of platinum onto a polycrystalline graphite foil. This study was done using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and photoelectron spectroscopy. The evolution of complex nanostructures was observed for various amounts of Pt deposition, and the observed structures were discussed in terms of the average fractal dimension. The fractal dimension was found to increase with increasing deposition of Pt and was found to be in the range from 1.2 to 1.6 in the submonolayer coverage regime as investigated. The changes in the average fractal dimension were correlated with the corresponding changes of the average size and width of the branches of the structures. A logarithmic dependence of the average size of the deposited structures on corresponding amount Pt deposited was found.
Genome Sequence of a Presumptive Mannheimia haemolytica Strain with an A1/A6-Cross-Reactive Serotype from a White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)
Authors: Lawrence Paulraj K. , Bey Russell F. , Wiener Brittanny , Kittichotirat Weerayuth , Bumgarner Roger E.
Published: March 2014

Mannheimia haemolytica
is a Gram-negative bacterium and the principal etiological agent associated mostly with bovine respiratory disease complex. However, we report here the sequence of a strain with the novel A1/A6-cross-reactive serotype, strain PKL10, isolated from white-tailed deer. PKL10 was isolated from the spleen of farmed white-tailed deer showing clinical signs of pneumonia. The genome structure of PKL10 is dramatically different from that of previously sequenced isolates, which was demonstrated by genome alignments. In addition, the coding sequences in PKL10 share approximately 86% sequence identity with the coding sequences in other fully sequenced
M. haemolytica
strains. This suggests that PKL10 is a novel
Mannheimia
species.
Draft Genome Sequence of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.
lactis
Strain CECT 8145, Able To Improve Metabolic Syndrome
In Vivo
Authors: Chenoll E. , Codoñer F. M. , Silva A. , Martinez-Blanch J. F. , Martorell P. , Ramón D. , Genovés S.
Published: March 2014

Bifidobacterium animalis
subsp.
lactis
strain CECT 8145 is able to reduce body fat content and improve metabolic syndrome biomarkers. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of this strain, which may provide insights into its safety status and functional role.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Antarctic Polyextremophile
Nesterenkonia
sp. Strain AN1
Authors: Aliyu Habibu , De Maayer Pieter , Rees Jasper , Tuffin Marla , Cowan Don A.
Published: March 2014

Nesterenkonia
sp. strain AN1 was isolated from Antarctic soil and is a polyextremophile, being tolerant of low temperatures, high salt concentrations, and high alkalinity. Here we report the draft genome sequence of this strain.
Genome Sequences of Rhinovirus C Isolates from Wisconsin Pediatric Respiratory Studies
Authors: Liggett Stephen B. , Bochkov Yury A. , Pappas Tressa , Lemanske Robert F. , Gern James E. , Sengamalay Naomi , Zhao Xuechu , Su Qi , Fraser Claire M. , Palmenberg Ann C.
Published: March 2014

Human rhinovirus (RV) isolates from the RV-C species are recently discovered infectious agents that are closely linked to asthma and wheezing etiologies in infants. Clinical study samples collected at the University of Wisconsin–Madison describe 41 nearly complete genome sequences representing 21 RV-C genotypes.
Complete Genome Sequence for the
Fusarium
Head Blight Antagonist Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Strain TrigoCor 1448
Authors: Nelson Beth A. , Ramaiya Preethi , Lopez de Leon Alfredo , Kumar Ravi , Crinklaw Austin , Jolkovsky Eliana , Crane Julia M. , Bergstrom Gary C. , Rey Michael W.
Published: March 2014

We present the complete genome sequence for
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
TrigoCor 1448 (ATCC 202152), a bacterial biological control agent for
Fusarium
head blight in wheat. We compare it to its closest relative,
B. amyloliquefaciens
strain AS43.3.
Pitfall in lung ultrasound: ‘pseudo B-line’ seen in both hydropneumothorax and in a cup of coffee
Authors: Laursen Christian B , Graumann Ole , Davidsen Jesper Rømhild , Madsen Poul Henning
Published: March 2014

One of the lung ultrasound (LUS) signs which can be used to exclude the presence of pneumothorax is the B-line artefact. The presence of a B-line artefact indicates that the two pleural blades are in contact. Most of the research describing LUS for the diagnosis of pneumothorax is limited to pneumothorax without concomitant pleural effusion. This case report presents how a B-line was visualised using LUS in a patient with hydropneumothorax and, in addition, a simple model is used to provide a possible explanation on this phenomenon.
Abdominal cocoon
Authors: Katz Christian B S , Diggory Robert T , Samee Abdus
Published: March 2014

Intestinal obstruction secondary to cocoon formation is not common. We report a case of a patient who had presented with abdominal pain and distension accompanied by vomiting. Investigations, laparotomy and histology together revealed primary peritoneal carcinoma as the cause of the patient's symptoms.
Growth trajectories in the children of mothers with eating disorders: a longitudinal study
Authors: Easter Abigail , Howe Laura D , Tilling Kate , Schmidt Ulrike , Treasure Janet , Micali Nadia
Published: March 2014

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine longitudinal patterns of growth trajectories in children of women with eating disorders (ED): anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN).

Design

Prospective longitudinal birth cohort; Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC).

Setting

South West England, UK.

Participants

The sample consisted of women and their children (n=10 190) from ALSPAC. Patterns of growth among children of women reporting a history of AN (n=137), BN (n=165), both AN and BN (n=68) and other psychiatric disorders (n=920) were compared with an unexposed group of children (n=8900).

Main outcome measures

Height and weight data, from birth to 10 years, were extracted from health visitor records, parental report from questionnaires and clinic attendances. Growth trajectories were analysed using mixed-effects models and constructed separately for male and female children.

Results

Between birth and 10 years, male children of women with BN were taller than children in the unexposed group. Male children of women with a history of AN and BN, and female children of women with AN, were shorter throughout childhood. Between the ages of 2 and 5, higher body mass index (BMI) was observed in male children in all maternal ED groups. Conversely, female children of women with AN had a BMI of −0.35 kg/m2lower at 2 years compared with the unexposed group, with catch-up by age 10.

Conclusions

Early childhood growth has been found to predict weight gain in adolescence and adulthood, and may be a risk factor for the development of an ED. These findings therefore have public health implications in relation to the prevention of weight-related and eating-related disorders later in life.
MRI in rheumatoid arthritis: a useful tool for the clinician?
Authors: McQueen Fiona M
Published: March 2014

Over the last two decades, MRI has emerged as an important clinical tool to assist in the diagnosis and management of rheumatic disease. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), MRI has improved our understanding of the pathological basis of disease and has provided new information about imaging features that reflect joint inflammation and damage. Using MRI, we can now directly observe inflammation involving the synovial membrane and tenosynovium, plus joint damage including bone erosion and cartilage thinning. Inflammation of bone beneath the joint (osteitis) appears as bone oedema which is a feature unique to MRI and yields important diagnostic and prognostic information in patients with inflammatory arthritis. With the introduction of biologics to rheumatology clinical practice, sensitive tools are required to monitor disease activity and progression, so that the disease suppressing effect of these new agents can be measured. MRI fits the bill for this role as it can inform the clinician about the development of bone erosions well before plain radiography, and its ability to reveal cartilage damage is emerging. The use of MRI as a marker of outcome in clinical trials is being paralleled by its increasing role in the clinic. Both extremity and high field MRI have clinical applications in RA and need to be considered along with other advanced imaging techniques as useful tools to add to the clinician’s armamentarium. This review will summarise recent advances in this field and will apply current knowledge to specific clinical scenarios relevant to modern rheumatology practice.
Life‐long diseases need life‐long treatment: long‐term safety of ciclosporin in canine atopic dermatitis
Authors: Nuttall Tim , Reece Douglas , Roberts Elizabeth
Published: March 2014

Ciclosporin (Atopica; Novartis Animal Health) has been licensed for canine atopic dermatitis (AD) since 2002. Adverse events (AEs) have been reported in 55 per cent of 759 dogs in 15 clinical trials, but are rare in pharmacovigilance data (71.81 AEs/million capsules sold). Gastrointestinal reactions were most common, but were mild and rarely required intervention. Other AEs were rare (≤1 per cent in clinical trials; <10/million capsules sold). Hirsutism, gingival hyperplasia and hyperplastic dermatitis were rarely significant and resolved on dose reduction. Ciclosporin decreases staphylococcal andMalasseziainfections in AD, and at the recommended dose is not a risk factor for other infections, neoplasia, renal failure or hypertension. The impact on glucose and calcium metabolism is not clinically significant for normal dogs. Concomitant treatment with most drugs is safe. Effects on cytochrome P450 and MDR1 P‐glycoprotein activity may elevate plasma ciclosporin concentrations, but short‐term changes are not clinically significant. Monitoring of complete blood counts, urinalysis or ciclosporin levels is not justified except with higher than recommended doses and/or long‐term concurrent immunosuppressive drugs. Ciclosporin is not a contraindication for killed (including rabies) vaccines, but the licensed recommendation is that live vaccination is avoided during treatment. In conclusion, ciclosporin has a positive risk‐benefit profile for the long‐term management of canine AD.
Role of Nodal–PITX2C signaling pathway in glucose-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy
Authors: Su Dongmei , Jing Sun , Guan Lina , Li Qian , Zhang Huiling , Gao Xiaobo , Ma Xu
Published: March 2014

Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular disease. Recent studies have shown that cardiomyocytes, in response to high glucose (HG) stimuli, undergo hypertrophic growth. While much work still needs to be done to elucidate this important mechanism of hypertrophy, previous works have showed that some pathways or genes play important roles in hypertrophy. In this study, we showed that sublethal concentrations of glucose (25 mmol/L) could induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy with an increase in the cellular surface area and the upregulation of the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) gene, a hypertrophic marker. High glucose (HG) treatments resulted in the upregulation of the Nodal gene, which is under-expressed in cardiomyocytes. We also determined that the knockdown of the Nodal gene resisted HG-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. The overexpression of Nodal was able to induce hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes, which was associated with the upregulation of the PITX2C gene. We also showed that increases in the PITX2C expression, in response to Nodal, were mediated by the Smad4 signaling pathway. This study is highly relevant to the understanding of the effects of the Nodal–PITX2C pathway on HG-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, as well as the related molecular mechanisms.
LOW-RANK APPROXIMATION BASED NON-NEGATIVE MULTI-WAY ARRAY DECOMPOSITION ON EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS
Authors: CONG FENGYU , ZHOU GUOXU , ASTIKAINEN PIIA , ZHAO QIBIN , WU QIANG , NANDI ASOKE K , HIETANEN JARI K. , RISTANIEMI TAPANI , CICHOCKI ANDRZEJ
Published: March 2014

Non-negative tensor factorization (NTF) has been successfully applied to analyze event-related potentials (ERPs), and shown superiority in terms of capturing multi-domain features. However, the time-frequency representation of ERPs by higher-order tensors are usually large-scale, which prevents the popularity of most tensor factorization algorithms. To overcome this issue, we introduce a non-negative canonical polyadic decomposition (NCPD) based on low-rank approximation (LRA) and hierarchical alternating least square (HALS) techniques. We applied NCPD (LRAHALS and benchmark HALS) and CPD to extract multi-domain features of a visual ERP. The features and components extracted by LRAHALS NCPD and HALS NCPD were very similar, but LRAHALS NCPD was 70 times faster than HALS NCPD. Moreover, the desired multi-domain feature of the ERP by NCPD showed a significant group difference (control versus depressed participants) and a difference in emotion processing (fearful versus happy faces). This was more satisfactory than that by CPD, which revealed only a group difference.
Simulation of thermal transpiration flow using a high-order moment method
Authors: Sheng Qiang , Tang Gui-Hua , Gu Xiao-Jun , Emerson David R. , Zhang Yong-Hao
Published: March 2014

Nonequilibrium thermal transpiration flow is numerically analyzed by an extended thermodynamic approach, a high-order moment method. The captured velocity profiles of temperature-driven flow in a parallel microchannel and in a micro-chamber are compared with available kinetic data or direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) results. The advantages of the high-order moment method are shown as a combination of more accuracy than the Navier–Stokes–Fourier (NSF) equations and less computation cost than the DSMC method. In addition, the high-order moment method is also employed to simulate the thermal transpiration flow in complex geometries in two types of Knudsen pumps. One is based on micro-mechanized channels, where the effect of different wall temperature distributions on thermal transpiration flow is studied. The other relies on porous structures, where the variation of flow rate with a changing porosity or pore surface area ratio is investigated. These simulations can help to optimize the design of a real Knudsen pump.
Multi-Label Rules Algorithm Based Associative Classification
Authors: Abdelhamid Neda , Ayesh Aladdin , Hadi Wael
Published: March 2014

Current associative classification (AC) algorithms generate only the most obvious class linked with a rule in the training data set and ignore all other classes. We handle this problem by proposing a learning algorithm based on AC called Multi-label Classifiers based Associative Classification (MCAC) that learns rules associated with multiple classes from single label data. MCAC algorithm extracts classifiers from the whole training data set discovering all possible classes connected with a rule as long as they have sufficient training data representation. Another distinguishing feature of the MCAC algorithm is the classifier building method that cuts down the number of rules treating one known problem in AC mining which is the exponential growth of rules. Experimentations using real application data related to a complex scheduling problem known as the trainer timetabling problem reveal that MCAC's predictive accuracy is highly competitive if contrasted with known AC algorithms.
Analysis of Distributed Token Circulation Algorithm with Faulty Random Number Generator
Authors: Kawai Shinji , Ooshita Fukuhito , Kakugawa Hirotsugu , Masuzawa Toshimitsu
Published: March 2014

Randomization is a technique to improve efficiency and computability of distributed computing. In this paper, we investigate fault tolerance of distributed computing against faults of random number generators. We introduce an RNG (Random Number Generator)-fault as a new class of faults; a random number generator on an RNG-faulty process outputs the same number deterministically. This paper is the first work that considers faults of randomness in distributed computing.

We investigate the role of randomization by observing the impact of RNG-faults on performance of a self-stabilizing token circulation algorithm on unidirectional n-node ring networks. In the analysis, we assume there exist nf (0 ≤ nf ≤ n−1) RNG-faulty nodes and each RNG-faulty node always transfers a token to the next node. Our results are threefold: (1) We derive the upper bound on the expected convergence time in the case of nf = n − 1. (2) Our simulation result shows that the expected convergence time is maximum when nf = n − 1. (3) We derive the expected token circulation time for each nf (0 ≤ nf ≤ n − 1).
Linear embeddings of K9 are triple linked
Authors: Naimi Ramin , Pavelescu Elena
Published: March 2014

We use the theory of oriented matroids to show that any linear embedding of K9, the complete graph on nine vertices, into 3-space contains a non-split link with three components. This shows that Sachs' conjecture on linear, linkless embeddings of graphs, whether true or false, does not extend to 3-links.
Improvement and extension of quantum secret sharing using orthogonal product states
Authors: Xu Juan , Yuan Jiabin
Published: March 2014

The improvement and extension of quantum secret sharing (QSS) using orthogonal product states (OPS) are studied in this paper. Based on such three typical schemes, a quantitative analysis on security is provided. The paper also discusses the simplification measures and their effect on security, and then the possibility to extend is proved. Finally, several conclusions about the methods to improve the security, simplify the schemes and extend to one-to-many situation are given.
Chronic vagal nerve stimulation improves baroreflex neural arc function in heart failure rats
Authors: Kawada Toru , Li Meihua , Zheng Can , Shimizu Shuji , Uemura Kazunori , Turner Michael J. , Yamamoto Hiromi , Sugimachi Masaru
Published: March 2014

We tested whether 6-wk vagal stimulation (VS) treatment improved open-loop baroreflex function in rats after myocardial infarction (MI). The following three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were examined: normal control (NC, n = 9), MI with no treatment (MI-NT, n = 8), and MI treated with VS (MI-VS, n = 7). Under anesthesia, a stepwise input ranging from 60 to 180 mmHg was imposed on isolated carotid sinus baroreceptor regions, while the responses in splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and arterial pressure (AP) were measured. The response range of percent SNA was greater in the MI-VS than in the MI-NT group (63.8 ± 4.9% vs. 33.1 ± 3.8%, P < 0.01). The slope of the AP response to percent SNA was not different between the MI-VS and MI-NT groups (0.611 ± 0.076 vs. 0.781 ± 0.057 mmHg/%). The difference in the response range of AP between the MI-VS and MI-NT groups did not reach statistical significance (40.7 ± 6.2 vs. 26.4 ± 3.5 mmHg). In conclusion, the 6-wk VS treatment significantly improved the baroreflex control of SNA, but the effect was limited for the baroreflex total-loop function due to the lack of significant improvement in the AP response to percent SNA.
Interleukin-17A Modulates Circulating Tumor Cells in Tumor Draining Vein of Colorectal Cancers and Affects Metastases
Authors: Tseng Ju-Yu , Yang Chih-Yung , Liang Shu-Ching , Liu Ren-Shyan , Yang Shung-Haur , Lin Jen-Kou , Chen Yuh-Min , Wu Yu-Chung , Jiang Jeng-Kai , Lin Chi-Hung
Published: March 2014

Purpose: Metastasis is the major cause of death in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Circulating tumor cells (CTC) are believed to cause metastasis and serve as a prognostic marker for mortality in clinical stage IV patients. However, most studies are conducted in late-stage cases when distant metastases have already occurred; thus, such results provide limited clinical use. This study focused on whether CTCs can predict the risk of metastasis after treatment of the primary tumor in early-stage patients with CRC.

Experimental Design: CTCs were quantified using EpCAM-positive/CD45-negative immunoselection and flow cytometry in patients with CRC. A mouse model was used to investigate the mechanistic roles of CTCs and interleukin (IL)-17A in metastasis.

Results: The number of mesenteric CTCs obtained from stage II patients was higher than that obtained from patients in stages I, III, and IV. In addition, following invasion of orthotopically implanted tumors in our mouse model, we found that CTCs exhibited an increase-then-decrease pattern, accompanied by corresponding changes in serum IL-17A levels and opposing changes in serum granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) levels. Ablation of IL-17A and administration of rGM-CSF effectively suppressed the increase in CTCs and prevented metastasis in mice. Moreover, IL-17A promoted cancer cell motility, matrix digestion, and angiogenesis, whereas GM-CSF stimulated the elimination of CTCs by boosting host immunity. Notably, serum levels of IL-17A were also correlated with disease-free survival in patients with CRC.

Conclusions: Our results showed that CTCs and IL-17A could serve as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for CRC metastasis. Clin Cancer Res; 20(11); 2885–97. ©2014 AACR.
uso de bebidas alcoólicas pelos estudantes de enfermagem da Universidade do estado do Rio de Janeiro (FENF/UERJ)
Authors: Marçal Cíntia Leila de Araújo , Assis Fernanda de , Lopes Gertrudes Teixeira
Published: March 2014

Problema do estudo: qual é o uso de bebidas alcoólicas pelos acadêmicos de Enfermagem da UERJ? Objetivos: identificar o uso de bebidas alcoólicas pelos acadêmicos da FENF/UERJ e verificar os fatores que levam à sua ingestão. Estudo descritivo quantitativo investigou 177 estudantes do 1º ao 9º períodos, de abril a junho de 2004, mediante a aplicação de um questionário. Os resultados evidenciaram que a maioria faz uso de bebida alcoólica, iniciando o beber entre 13 e 16 anos, por diversão, descontração e ficam alegres após a ingestão do álcool. Para alguns o consumo cresceu após ingressar na universidade.
Vínculos e redes sociais de indivíduos dependentes de substâncias psicoativas sob tratamento em CAPS AD
Authors: Souza Jacqueline de , Kantorski Luciane Prado , Mielke Fernanda Barreto
Published: March 2014

Trata-se de estudo qualitativo realizado com indivíduos dependentes de substâncias psicoativas com a finalidade de identificar redes sociais de apoio e vínculo desses sujeitos. O estudo foi desenvolvido a partir de grupos focais. Os resultados apontaram para um grave comprometimento da rede de suporte desses sujeitos e indicam necessidades que devem ser focadas com maior zelo nas intervenções que objetivam a reabilitação psicossocial desses indivíduos.
arte enquanto possível direção do tratamento na clínica da psicose
Authors: Oliveira Melina DelArco
Published: March 2014

Em um CAPS para usuários de álcool e drogas, um paciente psicótico de 29 anos apresenta importante comorbidade e se endereça a um trabalho terapêutico com a arte. Na oficina de arte, ele reconstrói um personagem do mundo futebolístico e restaura seus projetos e inserção social. À luz da teoria lacaniana, o analista testemunhou essa produção de modo que o próprio sujeito pôde significá-la em busca de sentidos para si. Dessa forma, a arte pode contribuir para a reconstituição de sentidos para o sujeito psicótico e a exposição da obra artística pode expurgar o anonimato do sujeito ao inscrevê-lo no público, desviando o olhar estigmatizante do Outro.
Disseminated Arterial Calcification and Enhanced Myogenic Response Are Associated With Abcc6 Deficiency in a Mouse Model of Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum
Authors: Kauffenstein Gilles , Pizard A. , Le Corre Y. , Vessières E. , Grimaud L. , Toutain B. , Labat C. , Mauras Y. , Gorgels T.G. , Bergen A.A. , Le Saux O. , Lacolley P. , Lefthériotis G. , Henrion D. , Martin L.
Published: March 2014

Objective—

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum is an inherited metabolic disorder resulting from
ABCC6
gene mutations. It is characterized by progressive calcification and fragmentation of elastic fibers in the skin, retina, and the arterial wall. Despite calcium accumulation in the arteries of patients with pseudoxanthoma elasticum, functional consequences remain unknown. In the present study, we investigated arterial structure and function in
Abcc6
−/−
mice, a model of the human disease.

Approach and Results—

Arterial calcium accumulation was evaluated using alizarin red stain and atomic absorption spectrometry. Expression of genes involved in osteochondrogenic differentiation was measured by polymerase chain reaction. Elastic arterial properties were evaluated by carotid echotracking. Vascular reactivity was evaluated using wire and pressure myography and remodeling using histomorphometry. Arterial calcium accumulation was 1.5- to 2-fold higher in
Abcc6
−/−
than in wild-type mice. Calcium accumulated locally leading to punctuate pattern. Old
Abcc6
−/−
arteries expressed markers of both osteogenic (Runx2, osteopontin) and chondrogenic lineage (Sox9, type II collagen).
Abcc6
−/−
arteries displayed slight increase in arterial stiffness and vasoconstrictor tone in vitro tended to be higher in response to phenylephrine and thromboxane A2. Pressure-induced (myogenic) tone was significantly higher in
Abcc6
−/−
arteries than in wild type. Arterial blood pressure was not significantly changed in
Abcc6
−/−
, despite higher variability.

Conclusions—

Scattered arterial calcium depositions are probably a result of osteochondrogenic transdifferentiation of vascular cells. Lower elasticity and increased myogenic tone without major changes in agonist-dependent contraction evidenced in aged
Abcc6
−/−
mice suggest a reduced control of local blood flow, which in turn may alter vascular homeostasis in the long term.
Comparative Genome-Wide Association Studies in Mice and Humans for Trimethylamine
N
-Oxide, a Proatherogenic Metabolite of Choline and
l
-Carnitine
Authors: Hartiala Jaana , Bennett Brian J. , Tang W.H. Wilson , Wang Zeneng , Stewart Alexandre F.R. , Roberts Robert , McPherson Ruth , Lusis Aldons J. , Hazen Stanley L. , Allayee Hooman
Published: March 2014

Objective—

Elevated levels of plasma trimethylamine
N
-oxide (TMAO), the product of gut microbiome and hepatic-mediated metabolism of dietary choline and
l
-carnitine, have recently been identified as a novel risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis in mice and humans. The goal of this study was to identify the genetic factors associated with plasma TMAO levels.

Approach and Results—

We used comparative genome-wide association study approaches to discover loci for plasma TMAO levels in mice and humans. A genome-wide association study in the hybrid mouse diversity panel identified a locus for TMAO levels on chromosome 3 (
P
=2.37×10
−6
) that colocalized with a highly significant (
P
=1.07×10
−20
)
cis
-expression quantitative trait locus for solute carrier family 30 member 7. This zinc transporter could thus represent 1 positional candidate gene responsible for the association signal at this locus in mice. A genome-wide association study for plasma TMAO levels in 1973 humans identified 2 loci with suggestive evidence of association (
P
=3.0×10
−7
) on chromosomes 1q23.3 and 2p12. However, genotyping of the lead variants at these loci in 1892 additional subjects failed to replicate their association with plasma TMAO levels.

Conclusions—

The results of these limited observational studies indicate that, at least in humans, genes play a marginal role in determining TMAO levels and that any genetic effects are relatively weak and complex. Variation in diet or the repertoire of gut microbiota may be more important determinants of plasma TMAO levels in mice and humans, which should be investigated in future studies.
Mannose-Binding Lectin Promotes Local Microvascular Thrombosis After Transient Brain Ischemia in Mice
Authors: de la Rosa Xavier , Cervera Alvaro , Kristoffersen Anna K. , Valdés Claudia P. , Varma Hari M. , Justicia Carles , Durduran Turgut , Chamorro Ángel , Planas Anna M.
Published: March 2014

Background and Purpose—

Several lines of evidence support the involvement of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) in stroke brain damage. The lectin pathway of the complement system facilitates thrombin activation and clot formation under certain experimental conditions. In the present study, we examine whether MBL promotes thrombosis after ischemia/reperfusion and influences the course and prognosis of ischemic stroke.

Methods—

Middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion was performed in MBL-deficient (n=85) and wild-type (WT; n=83) mice, and the brain lesion was assessed by MRI at days 1 and 7. Relative cerebral blood flow was monitored up to 6 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion with laser speckle contrast imaging. Fibrin(ogen) was analyzed in the brain vasculature and plasma, and the effects of thrombin inhibitor argatroban were evaluated to assess the role of MBL in thrombin activation.

Results—

Infarct volumes and neurological deficits were smaller in MBL knockout mice than in WT mice. Relative cerebral blood flow values during middle cerebral artery occlusion and at reperfusion were similar in both groups, but decreased during the next 6 hours in the WT group only. Also, the WT mice showed more fibrin(ogen) in brain vessels and a better outcome after argatroban treatment. In contrast, argatroban did not improve the outcome in MBL knockout mice.

Conclusions—

MBL promotes brain damage and functional impairment after brain ischemia/reperfusion in mice. These effects are secondary to intravascular thrombosis and impaired relative cerebral blood flow during reperfusion. Argatroban protects WT mice, but not MBL knockout mice, emphasizing a role of MBL in local thrombus formation in acute ischemia/reperfusion.
Automatic Selection of HPSG-Parsed Sentences for Treebank Construction
Authors: Marimon Montserrat , Bel Núria , Padró Lluís
Published: March 2014

This article presents an ensemble parse approach to detecting and selecting high-quality linguistic analyses output by a hand-crafted HPSG grammar of Spanish implemented in the LKB system. The approach uses full agreement (i.e., exact syntactic match) along with a MaxEnt parse selection model and a statistical dependency parser trained on the same data. The ultimate goal is to develop a hybrid corpus annotation methodology that combines fully automatic annotation and manual parse selection, in order to make the annotation task more efficient while maintaining high accuracy and the high degree of consistency necessary for any foreseen uses of a treebank.
A Random Walk–Based Model for Identifying Semantic Orientation
Authors: Hassan Ahmed , Abu-Jbara Amjad , Lu Wanchen , Radev Dragomir
Published: March 2014

Automatically identifying the sentiment polarity of words is a very important task that has been used as the essential building block of many natural language processing systems such as text classification, text filtering, product review analysis, survey response analysis, and on-line discussion mining. We propose a method for identifying the sentiment polarity of words that applies a Markov random walk model to a large word relatedness graph, and produces a polarity estimate for any given word. The model can accurately and quickly assign a polarity sign and magnitude to any word. It can be used both in a semi-supervised setting where a training set of labeled words is used, and in a weakly supervised setting where only a handful of seed words is used to define the two polarity classes. The method is experimentally tested using a gold standard set of positive and negative words from the General Inquirer lexicon. We also show how our method can be used for three-way classification which identifies neutral words in addition to positive and negative words. Our experiments show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in the semi-supervised setting and is comparable to the best reported values in the weakly supervised setting. In addition, the proposed method is faster and does not need a large corpus. We also present extensions of our methods for identifying the polarity of foreign words and out-of-vocabulary words.
Temporal Externalism: A Taxonomy, an Articulation, and a Defence
Authors: Tanesini Alessandra
Published: March 2014

Abstract

I argue that the semantic content of thoughts and the linguistic meaning of expressions are things with a history in the sense that they can be made fully intelligible only from the point of view of the future. I defend this position by articulating a version of a view known in the philosophy of language as temporal externalism. Temporal externalism about content is the view that the content of a subject’s thoughts and utterances at a timetdepends on features of the linguistic practices of her community aftert. There are two different ways in which temporal externalism can be developed. First, one can take it to be the view according to which the meaning of an expression is given by the whole pattern of use, including future ones, of that expression. Alternatively, one can interpret temporal externalism as the view that the meaning of a speaker’s utterance is determined by the norms that govern or constrain her linguistic behaviour. These norms, which may be instituted at a later date, place their authoritative stamp upon prior conduct. I show that the first version of temporal externalism faces severe objections from which the second version is immune. I also provide a defence of this second position through an extensive discussion of some thought experiments.
New rattans from New Guinea (Calamus, Arecaceae)
Authors: Baker William , Dransfield John
Published: March 2014

The rattan genus Calamus, the largest genus of palms (Arecaceae or Palmae), is poorly known in New Guinea. In preparation for a monograph of Calamus in New Guinea, we describe and illustrate fourteen new species here: Calamus badius, C. barfodii, C. bulubabi, C. cheirophyllus, C. croftii, C. johnsii, C. lucysmithiae, C. nanduensis, C. oresbius, C. retroflexus, C. sashae, C. spanostachys, C. spiculiferus and C. womersleyi. Although many appear to be rather rare, several are widespread, common species and some are of considerable use to local people. These new discoveries highlight the need for further studies of palms in eastern Malesia, especially New Guinea.
Nomenclatural corrections, neotype designation and new subspecies description in the genus Suiriri (Aves: Passeriformes: Tyrannidae)
Authors: KIRWAN GUY M. , STEINHEIMER FRANK D. , RAPOSO MARCOS A. , ZIMMER KEVIN J.
Published: March 2014

Zimmer et al. (2001) documented two morphological and vocal forms within what was then known as Suiriri suiriri affinis, and described the short-billed form as Suiriri islerorum. However, studies of the Burmeister type material held at the Natural History Collections of the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany, revealed the types of Suiriri s. affinis (Burmeister, 1856) to be the same taxon as Suiriri islerorum, which name therefore becomes a junior synonym. No published name is available for the long-billed form. A new name is therefore introduced by an original description in accordance with the International code on zoological nomenclature. The original type material of S. s. bahiae (Berlepsch, 1893) is confirmed to be lost; a neotype is designated.
Revision of the genus Ophioteichus H.L. Clark, 1938 (Ophiuroidea: Ophiolepididae)
Authors: PINEDA-ENRIQUEZ TANIA , SOLIS-MARIN FRANCISCO A. , LAGUARDA-FIGUERAS ALFREDO
Published: March 2014

In this study we re-describe the ophiuroid genus Ophioteichus H.L. Clark, 1938 and diagnose the species using existing and new characters found by examining the type material. The species Ophiolepis utinomii Irimura, 1967, is very similar to the holotype of Ophioteichus multispinum, and is herein transferred to the genus Ophioteichus; this transfer expands the geographic range of the genus. Ophioteichus is currently composed of three species: Ophioteichus parvispinum, Ophioteichus multispinum and Ophioteichus utinomii comb. nov. The genus is now known from the eastern part of Australia, Philippines and the coast of Japan, with a bathymetric range from littoral down to 45.3 m.
New Indo-Pacific species of Dasyrhicnoessa Hendel, 1934 and Pseudorhicnoessa Malloch, 1914 (Diptera: Canacidae: Tethininae)
Authors: MUNARI LORENZO
Published: March 2014

Three new species of Dasyrhicnoessa Hendel, 1934 and one of Pseudorhicnoessa Malloch, 1914 from the Indo-Pacific area are described and the male terminalia illustrated. Among these new species, Dasyrhicnoessa paradoxa sp. nov. and Pseudorhicnoessa longicerca sp. nov. are especially noteworthy for the morphological peculiarities of the male terminalia.
Parental choice, neighbourhood schools, and the market metaphor in urban education reform
Authors: Billingham Chase
Published: March 2014

Critics of many popular urban school reforms in the United States allege that these reform efforts unfairly insert market forces into the public domain, resulting in widening inequalities. In this paper, I challenge the notion that market forces per se are responsible for the gentrification that school reform often facilitates. Drawing on in-depth interviews, government documents, and media accounts, I analyse one component of school reform in Boston, the overhaul of the city’s public school student assignment policy, which curtailed parental choice (and, therefore, market pressure) within the city’s school system, while still potentially perpetuating inequalities. I discuss the implications of these findings for urban social theory related to education reform.