bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RESULTS OF VK-3000 COMPOST MIXER TESTS DURING ACCELERATED BIOTHERMAL MANURE COMPOSTING
Authors:   L. Pogorily UkrNDIPVT, Cryshtal O.
Published: December 2020

The purpose of research: a comprehensive assessment of the compost mixer during operation. Research methods: the establishment of design features of the compost mixer was performed by the survey method provided for research sample, study of the quality of the technological process, operational-technological, energy and economic indicators, safety and ergonomics indicators were carried out by standardized methods according to DSTU 7435, DSTU 8424, DSTU 4397, DST 4748, CD 46.16.02.03, SOU 74.3-37-133. Research results: research of the product was carried out under us mixing of compost in piles. The research results show that the compost mixer satisfactorily performs the specified technological process. Mixing of the compost mass is carried out at a speed of 0.5 km / h. This loosens the burt, which is necessary to regulate the temperature and humidity of the burt, remove CO2 and saturate the mass with oxygen, which is necessary to improve the process of aerobic fermentation of the material laid for composting. The capacity of the compost mixer for the main time was 134 tons per hour and 113 tons per hour of variable time (taking into account the time for moving). No additional maintenance personnel are required to operate the unit, the compost mixer is operated by a machine operator. Labor costs are equal to 0.01 man-hours / ton. Direct operating costs are UAH 2.04 / t and an annual load of 760 hours. (3.0-3.5 years per day). Conclusions: During the technological process, the compost mixer provides uniform mixing of organic waste and the formation of a burr for its further fermentation. Maintaining the required temperature and humidity in the burr allows you to maintain the quality of compost and prevents the loss of its value. Compared to other trailed and self-propelled machines, the VK-3000 compost mixer has a performance that is sufficient for medium-sized enterprises. Direct operating costs are UAH 2.04 / t at a mixer price of UAH 900,000 The obtained high-quality biologically active fertilizers, thanks to the use of a compost mixer, provide an increase in crop yields by increasing soil fertility.
AMOUNT AND STRUCTURE OF THE BIOLOGICAL FERTILITY OF SOYA, DEPENDING ON THE SYSTEM OF MAIN TILLAGE OF SOIL AND MEASURES TO OPTIMIZE NUTRITION MODE
Authors:   L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT, Novokhatskyi M. , Targonya V. , Babinets T. , Gorodetskyi O. ,   Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University
Published: December 2020

Aim. Assessment of the impact of the most common systems of basic tillage and biological methods of optimization of nutrition regimes on the realization of the potential of grain productivity of soybean in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The research used general scientific (hypothesis, experiment, observation) and special (field experiment, morphological analysis) methods Results. The analysis of the results of field experiments shows that the conservation system of soil cultivation, which provided the formation of 27.6 c/ha of grain, is preferable by the level of biological yield of soybean. The use of other systems caused a decrease in the biological yield level: up to 26.4 c/ha for the use of the traditional system, up to 25.3 c/ha for the use of mulching and up to 23.0 c/ha for the use of the mini-till. With the use of Groundfix, the average biological yield of soybean grain increases to 25.6 c / ha for application rates of 5 l/ha, and to 28.2 c/ha for application rates of 10 l/ha when control variants (without the use of the specified preparation) an average of 22.6 c/ha of grain was formed with fluctuations in soil tillage systems from 21.0 (mini-bodies) to 25.8 c/ha (traditional).The application of Groundfix (10 l/ha) reduced the seed abortion rate from 11.0% (average without biofertilizer variants) to 8.0%, forming the optimal number of stem nodes with beans, increasing the attachment height of the lower beans and improving other indicators of biological productivity soybeans. Conclusions. It has been found that the use of the canning tillage system generates an average of 27.6 cent soybean grains, which is the highest indicator among the main tillage systems within the scheme of our research. The use of Groundfix caused a change in this indicator: if the variants with a conservative system of basic tillage without the use of biological preparation (control) were formed on average 24.1 c/ha, the use of Ground Licks caused the increase of biological productivity up to 29.4 c/ha, and at a dose of 10 l/ha biological yield was 32.2 c/ha. It was found that both the use of Groundfix and the basic tillage system influenced the elements of the yield structure: the density of the plants at the time of harvest depended more on the tillage system than on the use of Groundfix; the use of Groundfix and increasing its dose within the scheme of our studies positively reflected on the density of standing plants; the height of attachment of the lower beans and reduced the abortion of the seeds.
Portal Vein Thrombosis as a Complication of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Case Report
Authors: Iqbal Ramiz , Iqbal Ramiz , Wiadji Elvina
Published: December 2020

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is an uncommon and potentially life-threatening complication of bariatric
surgery. Three cases of PVT were diagnosed at our regional center. All cases were post-laparoscopic sleeve
gastrectomy without any intraoperative complications. All patients presented with vomiting and CT scans
confirming PVT. No patients required operative management of venous mesenteric ischaemia and all were
managed with anticoagulation. Two out of the three cases were found to have risk factors for venous
thromboembolism. Surgeons should be aware of the vague symptomology of this rare entity and have a
higher degree of suspicion in patients with risk factors of venous thrombosis.
Desigualdades sociais e vulnerabilidade: questões para pensar a educação e a escola
Authors: Veiga-Neto Alfredo
Published: December 2020

Entrevista com Dora Lilia Marín Díaz
PERSPEKTIF PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER AKHLAK MULIA PADA PERUBAHAN TINGKAH LAKU SISWA
Authors: Adri Junil , Ambiyar Ambiyar , Refdinal Refdinal , Giatman Muhammad , Azman Azmil
Published: December 2020

Abstrak

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi penerapan pendidikan karakter akhlak mulia sebagai upaya pembentukan karakter siswa. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian yaitu siswa jurusan Teknik Mesin SMK Negeri 1 Tanjung Raya Kabupaten Agam Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Pemilihan subjek penelitian didasari kolaborasi penerapan program penanaman nilai rohani yang dilakukan ketua jurusan. Teknik pengambilan data dilakukan dengan observasi dan wawancara. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa program pelaksanaan salat Zuhur berjemaah disambut positif oleh siswa; siswa telah patuh terhadap peraturan yang ada di sekolah; siswa lebih mementingkan perintah orang tua walaupun sedang asyik bermain dengan temannya; siswa memiliki respek terhadap lingkungan masyarakat; dan siswa memiliki jiwa cinta alam dan berbudaya menjaga lingkungan.

 

Abstract

The research aimed to obtain information on the application of moral character education as an effort to build student character. This research used a qualitative descriptive method. The research subjects were students majoring in Mechanical Engineering at SMK Negeri 1 Tanjung Raya Agam Regency, West Sumatra Province. The selection of research subjects was based on collaborative implementation of the spiritual value cultivation program carried out by the head of the department. The data collection technique was carried out by observation and interviews. The data analysis technique used descriptive analysis. The results of the research revealed that the Zuhur prayer program in congregation was positively welcomed by the students; students have obeyed the rules in school; students are more concerned with parental orders even though they are enjoying playing with their friends; students have respect for the community environment; and students have a spirit of love for nature and a culture of protecting the environment.
ANALISIS GENDER DAN INTELLECTUAL INTELLIGENCE TERHADAP KREATIVITAS
Authors: Masril Mardhiah , Dakhi Oskah , Nasution Torkis , Ambiyar Ambiyar
Published: December 2020

Abstrak

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara perbedaan gender dan intellectual intelligence terhadap kreativitas siswa sekolah dasar. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 60 siswa yang dipilih secara simple random sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu Coloured Progressive Matrices dan Figural Creativity Test untuk menentukan tingkat intellectual intelligence dan kreativitas siswa. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis korelasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa: kemampuan intellectual intelligence berkaitan dengan kemampuan untuk berkreativitas; tidak ditemukan perbedaan gender terhadap kemampuan berkreativitas; dan analisis korelasi berganda terhadap kemampuan intellectual intelligence dan perbedaan gender menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan dengan kemampuan kreativitas siswa.

 

Abstract

The research aimed to determine the relationship between gender differences and intellectual intelligence on the creativity of elementary school students. The research sample consisted of 60 students who were selected by simple random sampling. The instruments used were Colored Progressive Matrices and Figural Creativity Test to determine the level of intellectual intelligence and creativity of students. The data analysis technique used correlation analysis. The results of the analysis showed that: intellectual intelligence ability was related to the ability to be creative; no gender differences were found on creativity skills, and multiple correlation analysis on intellectual intelligence abilities and gender differences showed no relationship with students' creative abilities.
KONTRIBUSI PEMBELAJARAN GUIDED DISCOVERY LEARNING DAN LOCUS OF CONTROL TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PRAKTIK HIDROLIKA
Authors: Fajra Melda , Ishak Ishak , Ferdiansyah Ferdiansyah , Ambiyar Ambiyar
Published: December 2020

Abstrak

Tujuan penelitian untuk menguji kontribusi pembelajaran dengan pendekatan guided discovery learning dan locus of control terhadap hasil belajar Praktik Hidrolika. Penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan deskriptif korelasional. Populasi penelitian yaitu mahasiswa yang mengikuti mata kuliah Praktik Hidrolika sebanyak 137 orang di Program Studi Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik dan Perencanaan Universitas Ekasakti Padang. Sampel penelitan sebanyak 78 orang yang dipilih menggunakan simple random sampling. Alat pengumpul data menggunakan angket dan dokumentasi hasil belajar mahasiswa. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik inferensial dengan regresi ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa:  pembelajaran dengan pendekatan guided discovery learning berkontribusi signifikan terhadap hasil belajar Praktik Hidrolika; pembelajaran dengan pendekatan locus of control berkontribusi signifikan terhadap hasil belajar Praktik Hidrolika; dan pembelajaran dengan pendekatan guided discovery learning dan locus of control secara bersama-sama berkontribusi signifikan terhadap hasil belajar Praktik Hidrolika.

 

Abstract

The purpose of the research was to examine the contribution of learning with guided discovery learning and locus of control on learning outcomes for Hydraulic Practice. The research used quantitative methods with correlational descriptive. The research population was 137 students who took the Hydraulics Practice course in the Civil Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering and Planning of Ekasakti University Padang. The research sample was 78 people who were selected using simple random sampling. Data collection tools used questionnaires and documentation of student learning outcomes. Data were analyzed using inferential statistics with multiple regression. The results showed that: the learning process with the guided discovery learning approach contributed significantly to the learning outcomes of Hydraulic Practice; the learning process with a locus of control approach contributes significantly to learning outcomes in Hydraulics Practice; and learning process with the guided discovery learning and locus of control as in aggregate significantly contribute to the learning outcomes of Hydraulic Practice.
Review of type specimens of lizards (Sauria: Lacertidae) described by Georgy Fedorovich Sukhov
Authors: Doronin I.V. , Doronina M.A.
Published: December 2020

The paper provides data on the current location of the type specimens of lacertid lizard's taxa described by herpetologist Georgy F. Sukhov (1899–1942), as at July 1, 2020: Lacerta agilis tauridica Suchow, 1927 (lectotype [here designated] — ZISP No 12620, paralectotypes — ZISP No 3226, 3235, 3238, 3856, 10366в, 12230, 12231, 12520, 12619, 14110, NMNH No 2152 (14599–14600), 2163 (14621–14622), 2172 (14705–14712), 2184 (14772–14773), 2184 (14774–14777), 2188 (14872–14893), 2279 (15983–16037), 2279 (16038–16074), 2518 (16621)), Lacerta boemica Suchow, 1929 (lectotype [here designated] — ZISP No 30363, paralectotypes — ZISP No 16210, 30358-30362, 30364-30398.1, NHM No 1960.1.4.26–30, 1965.337–342, NMNO no No), Apathya cappadocica urmiana Lantz et Suchow, 1934 (holotype — ZISP No 12657b, paratypes — ZISP No 11444, 12657а, с, 12658), Lacerta princeps kurdistanica Suchow, 1936 (holotype — ZISP No 11441.1, paratypes — ZISP No 11440, 11441.2–4, 11442, 11443). According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (4th edition), the name Lacerta agilis caucasica Suchow, 1927 should be considered as a junior primary homonym of Lacerta caucasica Méhely, 1909, and the designation of the neotype of L. a. tauridica by Kalyabina-Hauf et al. must be rejected. The history of description of taxa as well as a list of Sukhov’s publications (12 articles published in 1927–1948) are given. Localities, collector’s names and dates of capture of the type specimens are clarified. Anderson and Šmíd et al. indicated that Eiselt restricted the type locality of L. princeps kurdistanica; this is not true.
ECOLOGIZATION OF JOINT PRODUCTION OF ALCOHOL AND BAKERY YEAST FROM MOLASSES
Authors: Leonid LEVANDOVSKY , Oksana VITRIAK , Olena HRABOVSKA
Published: December 2020

Background. The disadvantage of the two-product technology of alcohol and baker’s yeast from molasses is the need to limit the concentration of dry matter of the source medium to 22% and, accordingly, the level of alcohol accumulation in mature malt not more than 8.0% vol. to prevent deterioration of baker’s yeast. The consequence of this is the high specific cost of steam for bragorectification and increase the specific yield of post-alcohol molasses bard in comparison with single-product technology (obtaining only alcohol). Materials and methods. Raw materials, intermediates and final products were analyzed according to the methods adopted in science and practice of molasses alcohol technology. The dry matter content; pH of the medium; the content of alcohol in the brew, yeast biomass and unfermented sugars; the lifting power of yeast and their color in the resulting products were determined. Results. The possibility of reducing the volume of post-alcoholic molasses bard by returning it for the preparation of molasses bard without deteriorating the quality of baker’s yeast and alcohol yield, as well as by increasing the dry matter concentration of fermented wort from 22 (traditional technology) to 27% and accumulation of alcohol in mature brew up to 10–11% vol. has been experimentally proven. Conclusion. The presented research results provide grounds for the development of energy-saving low-waste two-stage technology of alcohol and baking yeast from mo­lasses, which can be used to obtain high-quality baking yeast to increase the con­centration of alcohol in mature malt by more than 10% vol. This will significantly reduce the steam for bragorectification of alcohol and the volume of contaminated and difficult to dispose of production waste – post-alcohol molasses bard. The implementation of such technology will be the next step in the greening of the joint production of alcohol and baker’s yeast from molasses.
CONSUMER PROPERTIES OF FRESH AND FROZEN HIPPOPHAE BERRIES OF THE VELIKAN VARIETY
Authors: Svitlana BELINSKA , Olena MOROZ , Larysa SAFIULLINA
Published: December 2020

The consumer properties of hippophae berries of the Velykan variety have been studied. It was found that freezing at a temperature of minus 30 °C is accompanied by minor changes in organoleptic and physicochemical parameters. The most sensitive to freezing is vitamin C, the loss of which during low-temperature processing is 6.1 %. The effect of freezing on the quantitative indicators of the content of β-carotene and mineral elements was not detected.
SPECIALIZED DEVELOPMENT BANKS: ECONOMIC VIABILITY FOR UKRAINE
Authors: Igor DEYSAN
Published: December 2020

The economic usefulness of specialized development banks in the context of economic hetero­geneity has been substantiated. The principle of refinancing at a differentiated rate for development banks has been pioneered in the article. Based on that interest rate policy implementation will take into account the specific needs of the economy. For the first time, the principle of refinancing at a differentiated rate for deve­lopment banks was formed, which will make it possible to implement an interest rate policy, taking into account the specific needs of the economy.
Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Its Associated Risk Factors in Boo-Ali Hospital, Tehran
Authors: Etminan-Baksh Mina , Tadi Sima , Hatami Monireh , Darabi Roksana
Published: December 2020

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) represents the most common metabolic complication during pregnancy. GDM is associated with maternal and fetal complications. Approximately 7% of all pregnancies are affected by GDM, resulting in more than 200,000 cases worldwide annually, and the prevalence may vary from 1% to 14% among all pregnancies. Accordingly, this study attempted to determine the prevalence and some risk factors of GDM. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out at Boo-Ali hospital in Tehran, the capital of Iran. Four hundred non-diabetics pregnant women with a gestational age of 24-28 weeks who attended the Boo-Ali hospital outpatient department were included in our study. Demographic and anthropometric data including age, gravida, para, gestational age, family history of diabetes, history of GDM, weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) were collected. Blood samples were collected from the women at 24-28 weeks to diagnose GDM by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). We measured the 25-OH-D level in participants at 24-28 weeks. Results: Among the 400 pregnant women, 46 (11.5%) had GDM based on OGTT, and the mean age of GDM women were 30.78± 5.96 years. Among selected variables, BMI ≥25kg/m2, family history, and GDM history were associated with increased risks of GDM (odds ratio=2.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22–5.07;3.52, 95% CI 1.84–6.70; 19.57, and 95% CI 6.16–62.17, respectively). The association was more robust in the positive GDM history of women. Conclusion: High prevalence of GDM highlights more attention of health-care givers in screening pregnant women with risk factors. BMI as a modifiable risk factor for GDM needs more attention, and positive family history and previous GDM history should be considered in the core activities of pregnant women. [GMJ.2020;9:e1642]
Healing Effects of Human Amniotic Membrane and Burned Wool on the Second-degree Burn in Rats
Authors: Tanideh Nader , Keshavarzi Farideh , Hemat Zadeh Aida , Daneshi Sajad , Koohi-Hosseinabadi Omid , Mokhtari Maral , Sedighi Anahita , Asadi-Yousefabad Seyedeh-Leili
Published: December 2020

ackground: This study aimed to compare sheep burnt wool and human amniotic membrane (AM) on second-degree burn wound healing in rats. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two adult male rats of Sprague Dawley underwent general anesthesia, and a deep second-degree burn was created on their skin by a hot iron plate. Afterward, human AM, silver sulfadiazine ointment (SSD), and sheep burned wool were used on wound area for burn treatment. On days 7, 14, and 21 of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed, and histopathological assessments were done. Results: Human AM, in comparison with other groups, significantly (P<0.05) showed better improvement in all pathologic variables. Burned wool showed significant improvement compared to the control group on day 7 in the angiogenesis, on day 14 in granulation tissue formation and epithelial formation, and on day 21 in new epithelial formation (P<0.05). Burned wool compared with SSD ointment in granulation tissue formation improved significantly (P<0.05) on days 7 and 14. Also, SSD ointment in comparison with the control group significantly improved (P<0.05) granulation tissue formation and macrophage on day 7. Conclusion: Human AM has a significant effect on the treatment of second-degree burn. Burned wool has a better effect on wound healing than SSD ointment and negative control group without treatment in terms of granulation tissue and epithelium formation. [GMJ.2020;9:e1759]
The Upanishads and worship of the Maha Mantra in the tradition of Gaudiya Vaishnavism
Authors: Ostanin V. V.
Published: December 2020

The author researches the widely used practice of the so-called maha-mantra (the “great mantra”) while offering short prayers in the tradition of Gaudiya Vaishnavism, It is based on the Upanishads, such as Kali-santarana-Upanishad and Chaitanya-Upanishad. The author evaluates the existing original commentaries. As “classical” may be considered the interpretations those by Brahmayogin Ramachandrendra Sarasvati (XVIII century) and Suhotra Tapovanachari (1950–2007) on the Kali Sandarana Upanishad and those by Bhaktivinoda Thakura and Madhusudana dasa Babaji on the Chaitanya Upanishad. The article provides a translation of both texts from Sanskrit into Russian, supplied with comments and other explanations. The methodology used is based upon V. I. Rudoy concept regarding the polymorphic nature of Sanskrit textual culture.
Ancient Indian chronotope in Pali and Sanskrit sources
Authors: Vyrschikov Ye. G.
Published: December 2020

The author analyses the chronotope problem in the Ancient Indian texts written in Sanskrit (“Manu-Smriti”, “Arthashastra”, “Ramayana”, “Brihadaranyaka-Upanishad”) and Pali (“Simavisodhani”) languages. The “chronotope” is a category introduced by the Soviet scholar Mikhail Bakhtin (1895–1975). This category describes how configurations of time and space are represented in language and discourse. In particular, the author analyses the problem of the ideas of space regarding the “country” and “Kingdom” categories. The research has yielded two main results. In the first instance, the so-called “sacred space” in the ancient Indian texts is always represented in form of a square (or rectangle). It is similar to what is called a Vastu-mandala in the Vastu-Vidya, the traditional science of building and construction. In the second instance, thе so-called “sacred space” in the ancient Indian texts written in Sanskrit and Pali is associated with a set of heterogeneous phenomena: space, socium, time, etc. In a similar passage taken from the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad the author discovers a remarkable phenomenon. In describing the spatial reality, the number of times where one refers to the category of “time” is higher than that, which refers to the spatial category. This fact invites a conclusion: in ancient Indian culture, the categories of space and time are inseparable and always go together. Therefore, the ancient Indian culture definitively included a category of the chronotope. As a result of this discovery one should not any longer take into consideration the common topic of the “ atemporal” character of the ancient Indian culture.
The Spiritual and Material culture of the Eastern people as reflected in the medieval written historical evidence (monumenta scripta). The 10th anniversary conference.
Authors: Goriaeva L. V.
Published: December 2020

The paper provides a summary of the 10th anniversary conference “Written Monuments of the East. Problems of Translation and Interpretation”, which took place at theInstituteofOriental Studiesof theRussianAcademyof Sciences (October 12–14, 2020). The participants, came from academic and educational institutions inMoscow,St. Petersburg,Makhachkala,Ufa, Elista,Irkutsk, andBaku(RepublicofAzerbaijan). They gave talks on the study of literary sources both written and oral, history (chronicles), inscriptions (epigraphy) as well as other genres and types of texts (“belles-letres”, documents, philosophy, etc.). All the participants had in common special attention to the original source/s, their historic and literary place, the traces of the spiritual and material aspects of life in the countries of the East as reflected there. The meeting was held in a remote format, which made it possible to significantly expand its audience.
Ōta Gyūichi. “Shinchō-kō ki”. Book VIII (part 2)
Authors: Polkhov S. A.
Published: December 2020

The publication provides a commented translation into Russian of the book VIII of Shinchō ō ki chronicle. The article continues the series of translations of books of Shinchō ō ki, published by the author. Shinchō ō ki is a biography of the so called “unifier of Japan” Oda Nobunaga (1534–1582). This is one of the most important sources on the history of Japan in the end of the Middle Ages – beginning of the Early Modern period. This present redaction dates back most likely to the 16th – beginning of the 17th cent. The author of the chronicle is O̅ ta Gyu̅ ichi (1527–1613?) the vassal of Nobunaga. This part of the chronicle describes the campaign of Oda Nobunaga in 1575 in the province of Echizen, which had previously come under the control of the Ikko̅ -ikki forces. Having brutally dealt with Ikko̅ -ikki’s supporters, Nobunaga regained his power over Echizen. Scroll VIII contains the text of Nobunaga's instructions to his vassal Shibata Katsuie. Katsuie was to be guided by these instructions when governing Echizen province. In addition, in this part of his work, O:̅ta Gyu̅ iti narrates about other important events, in particular, the assignment to the “unifier of Japan” posts at the Imperial court, as well as the transfer by Nobunaga of the headship of the Oda house to his eldest son Nobutada. The first academic translation of Shinchō ō ki into Russian is accompanied by a detailed commentary. The present author offers there a comparison between the data found in the chronicle against other sources. In addition, in the commentary comprises the authors interpretation of the difficult passages from the Shinchō ō ki along the traditional views on their meaning as expressed in the modern scholarship.
Monetary Economy of South Kazakhstan in the 19th Century (as evidenced by the “Turkestan Archive”)
Authors: Nastich V. N.
Published: December 2020

The review article is based on the materials of the talk given at the All-Union Barthold Readings in 1990. It comprises an analysis of the data regarding the monetary units circulating in the city ofTurkestanand its district (South Kazakhstan) during the period when it was subject to the Khoqand (Kokand) Khanate and subsequently to the Russian Empire. The sources are a large group of act and business documents written in oriental languages in Arabic script, which were discovered in the 1970s. The article provides a philological analysis of monetary terms and related metrology. It provides the relationship between local and Russian denominations as well as a general survey of monetary circulation in the region during the 19th century. Along with the coin types and some specific features of their circulation, the author supplies unique data regarding prices for goods, realty, food, etc., which existed in the region during that period.
Improving the durability of moving joints working in conditions of intensive wear
Authors: Marchenko D. , Matvyeyeva K. ,   Mykolayiv National Agrarian University
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the method of surface plastic deformation of steel parts by rolling them with rollers. The positive effect of this method on the wear resistance of friction pairs under conditions of intense abrasive wear and with abundant lubrication has been established.
Modeling the processes of friction and wear under dynamic influences on the tribosystem
Authors:   Kharkiv Petro Vasylenko National Technical University of Agriculture, Voitov A.
Published: December 2020

On the basis of the performed analysis of works devoted to the increase in the wear rate due to the dynamic effect on the tribosystem, expressions were obtained for modeling the processes of friction and wear when changing the external influence. Based on the assumption that the dynamic impact obeys the normal distribution law, the coefficient of variation of the volumetric wear rate. The simulation of the change in the coefficient of variation when changing the load and sliding speed on the tribosystem, as well as the number of steps of changing the load and operating time at each stage. It was found that in the absence of fluctuations in the load and sliding speed, the coefficient of variation of the volumetric wear rate is 1. With an increase in the value of the standard deviation of the external action and the number of steps of change in the action, the coefficient of variation of the volumetric wear rate increases to values 2,59, those volumetric wear rate increases by 1,125 … 2,59 times. This is confirmed by experimental dependencies. The simulation results are adequate to the experimental results with a confidence level 0,9. Calculated modeling error for each series of experiments, which does not exceed 11,03 %. It was found that when changing the power of the bully tribosystem Wb, which is defined as the product of the load and the sliding speed, the coefficient of variation of the volumetric wear rate increases by 1,25 … 4,68 times. Taking into account the range of changes in the external impact and the operating time at each stage of change in the impact will provide information in the form of a coefficient of increasing the wear rate.
Evaluation of tribological characteristics of liquid lubricants with fullerene additives
Authors:   Petro Vasylenko Kharkiv National Technical University of Agriculture, Kravcov A.
Published: December 2020

The paper presents experimental studies of the tribological characteristics of liquid lubricants of various viscosity classes and various groups of operation when using fullerene additives. Tribological characteristics were evaluated on a four-ball friction machine according to GOST 9490. Assessment was subject to: wear rate and critical load, which characterize the anti-wear properties of the lubricant, as well as welding load and bully index, which characterize an anti-bully properties of the material. It is shown that the improvement of the wear index for all oils begins with the concentration 0,2 % masses, fullerenes in the lubricant and does not exceed the values 11,1 … 15 %. At a fullerene concentration less than 0,2 % masses, no positive effect is observed. Positive effect 11,8 … 17,4 % characteristic of the indicator – critical load that characterizes the range of performance of anti-wear additives. At the same time, an increase in the critical load begins with concentration 0,1 % masses, fullerenes in a lubricant and manifests itself most effectively at a concentration 0,2 % masses. Changes in the magnitude of the welding load during the experiments were not recorded, this allows us to conclude, that the addition of a finely dispersed fullerene powder in a liquid lubricant does not improve anti-bully properties, but is only an anti-wear additive. It is shown that the way to improve the tribological properties of lubricants by introducing a finely dispersed powder of fullerenes in base technical oils is ineffective. It is necessary to develop other, more technological methods and methods for introducing fullerene additives into technical lubricants.
New approach to elucidating the physical nature of the processes that occur in the friction zone of mates of machine parts
Authors: Aulin V. , Lysenko S. , Hrinkiv A. , Chernai A. , Zhylova I. ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University
Published: December 2020

It has been found that during frictional contact in separate local areas of a thin surface layer of parts under significant loads and deformations and high contact temperatures, the material of the tribocontact zone of parts transforms into a special activating unstable state of magma-plasma or triboplasma. General issues in which the nature of the processes of friction and wear of mating parts is clarified are considered at a higher fundamental level with the involvement of nanotribology. A number of processes that accompany interactions of triboconjugations of parts are analyzed: mechanoemission, mechanochemical, gas-discharge, etc., tribochemical reactions, fluxes of high-energy particles: excited molecules, atoms, ions, fast electrons, phonons (sound quanta and quanta of electromagnetic radiation). Regularities of additivity of elastic and magnetic aftereffect in the volumetric parts and surface layers of tribo-interface parts made of ferromagnetic materials and alloys have been revealed. Also, the regularity of the additivity of the diffusion aftereffect in their surface layers has been established. A tribophysical model of self-organization is built on the basis of a carbon-nitrogen cycle of tribochemical reactions that have the content of thermonuclear fusion reactions and which can be considered at the nanoscale. In these reactions, the carbon atom plays the role of a catalyst for the process of fusion of protons with subsequent transformation into a radioactive isotope, which decays into ordinary carbon and helium. It has been established that the mechanism of nuclear fusion reactions in the surface layers of triboconjugation parts is due to the directional movement of dislocations in the crystal structures of materials with the implementation of the proton cycle and the conversion of hydrogen into helium. It has been shown that this makes it possible to change the idea of the mechanocaloric effect, the process of friction and wear, and to substantiate a number of effects and processes from the physical positions of nanotribology. This will allow the creation of competitive tribotechnologies in various industries.
Assessment of the quality factor of tribosystems and relationship with tribological characteristics
Authors:   Kharkiv Petro Vasylenko National Technical University of Agriculture, Vojtov V. , Voitov A. ,   Kharkiv Petro Vasylenko National Technical University of Agriculture
Published: December 2020

The definition of the quality factor of the tribosystem has been further developed, which, unlike the known one, takes into account not only the geometric dimensions of the tribosystem, thermal diffusivity of triboelement materials, lubricating medium and deformation propagation rate in the surface layers of the material, but also the function of changing the rheological properties of the surface layers of materials during running-in and their increase during running-in. Theoretical studies have established that three parameters have the maximum effect on the quality factor: sliding speed, roughness of friction surfaces and lubricating medium. Experimental studies have established the relationship between the value of the quality factor, wear rate and coefficient of friction during steady-state operation of tribosystems. It has been shown that an increase in the figure of quality factor reduces the above parameters, and the criterion itself Qmax is a measure of the potential of the tribosystem adapt to the operating conditions.
Influence of carbon fiber on tribotechnical characteristics of polyetheretherketone
Authors:   Dniprovsk State Technical University, Buria O. , Tomina A.-M. ,   Dniprovsk State Technical University, Nachovnyi I. ,   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology
Published: December 2020

Superstructural thermoplastic polymers, including polyetheretherketone, are now widely used in many industries. However, its rather high coefficient of friction and insufficient wear resistance limits its use in friction units of machines and mechanisms. This article covers the influence of T700 Toray carbon fiber on the tribotechnical characteristics of Victrex150G aromatic polyetheretherketone. As a result of the researches it has been found out that the developed carbon plastics exceed the base polymer in friction coefficient and wear 1.2-1.54 and 1.7-8.8 times, respectively, due to the formation of a stable "transfer film" on the steel counterbody (so-called antifriction layer): finely dispersed particles of the polymer matrix and crushed products of wear of carbon fiber penetrate into the microcavities of the counterbody. This is confirmed by the fact that the roughness of carbon plastics has decreased by 50 % in cpomparison with the base polymer. The greatest improvement in tribological properties is observed at 10 mass%, of carbon fiber content, then the properties get worse. That can be explained by the increase in defects of the material due to the dominant loosening at the "polymer-fiber" boundary that confirms the results of microhardness and ultrasonic control. The obtained results show that the composite with an effective carbon fiber content (10 mass%) can be recommended for the manufacture of parts of movable joints of machines and mechanisms operating under friction without lubrication in various industries: agricultural, automotive and textile. etc.
Microgeometrical characteristics of electrospark coatings in the initial state
Authors:   National Aviation University, Tokaruk V. , Mikosianchyk O. ,   National Aviation University, Mnatsakanov R. ,   National Aviation University, Rohozhyna N. ,   National Aviation University
Published: December 2020

Microgeometric parameters of the effect of discrete electrospark coatings on their stress-strain state have been evaluated for the case of using a combined technology of modification of duralumin D16, which includes the technique of electrospark alloying with subsequent surface plastic deformation of coatings formed. According to the profilograms of discrete electrical coatings, the curves of the bearing surface (Abbott curves) were constructed and the parameters that drastically affect tribological characteristics of the coatings were determined. It was shown that modification of duralumin D16 with a combined electrospark coating VK-8 + Cu reduces the arithmetic mean height of peaks in the top portion of the profile by 4.4 and 3.2 times, doubles the arithmetic mean depth of the profile core irregularities, increases the arithmetic mean depth of profile valleys by 1.8 and 1.1 times, in comparison with electrospark coatings from hard alloy VK-8 and copper, respectively. These parameters help to reduce the period of running-in of the contact surfaces strengthened by the combined electrospark coating VK-8 + Cu, increase their bearing capacity, contact durability and specific oil consumption. On the basis of the finite element analysis method of the Nastran software complex, a model of the stress-strain state of a discrete coating/base was designed and distribution of the main normal stresses was determined for a coating compactness of 60% under a normal load of 600 N. The performed modeling revealed advantages of a combined technology for formation of wear-resistant electrospark coatings, which consists in turning residual tensile stresses into compressive ones. When modifying the duralumin D16 with a VK-8 + Cu coating, on the coating surface and in the base material, compressive stresses (-93 MPa and -20 MPa, respectively) are formed, which provides a decrease in wear of the modified surface by two times compared to unmodified duralumin D16.
Investigation of tool wear resistance when smoothing parts
Authors:   Mykolayiv National Agrarian University, Marchenko D. , Matvyeyeva K. ,   Mykolayiv National Agrarian University
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the method of surface plastic deformation of steel parts by smoothing. The positive influence of this method on the wear resistance of the tool has been established under conditions of intense wear and with abundant lubrication
Evaluation of tribological characteristics of technical oils with fullerene compositions
Authors:   Kharkiv Petro Vasylenko National Technical University of Agriculture, Kravtsov A.
Published: December 2020

The paper presents experimental studies of the tribological characteristics of liquid lubricants of various viscosity classes and various groups of operation when using fullerene compositions. Tribological characteristics were evaluated on a four-ball friction machine according to GOST 9490. The use of fullerene compositions in the form of a finely dispersed fullerene powder, pre-dispersed (dissolved) in vegetable high oleic oils, for example, rapeseed, with the subsequent addition of the resulting composition to technical oils of various viscosity classes and various groups of operation, leads to the following positive effect. The anti-wear properties of oils, which are assessed by the wear indicator, increase by 20,0…30,7 %, and the critical load on 18,8…25,0%. These indicators significantly exceed similar indicators when using fullerene fine powders without preliminary dispersion in vegetable oils, where the effect is on the border 11,1…15 %. Fullerene additives do not affect the extreme pressure properties of base oils, which are assessed by the scuffing load. This result makes it possible to state that the way to improve the tribological properties of lubricants by introducing a fine powder of fullerenes into base technical oils is ineffective. The experimental results obtained confirm the hypothesis about the possibility of the micelle formation mechanism in the lubricant under the action of the electrostatic field of the friction surface. The presence of a surfactant solvent (vegetable oil) allows you to "start" the micelle formation process at lower fullerene concentrations and to obtain the effect of increasing anti-wear properties.
Experimental modeling of convection-diffuse mass transfer in brine of Dombrovskyi quarry (Kalush, Ivano-Frankivsk region)
Authors: Malkova Ya. O. , Dolin V. V. , Bobkov V. M.
Published: December 2020

The article presents the analysis of diffusion-convective mass transfer processes and their parameters, defines hydrogeochemical criteria for evaluation of brine chemical composition formation in Dombrovskyi quarry of Kalush-Golynske deposit. It has been experimentally determined that the temperature gradient (20 °С) significantly affects the rate of mass transfer in the brines. This is probably due to convection-diffuse processes.

The dynamics of processes occurring when fresh water enters the brine surface has been experimentally simulated. Analysis of these data from the point of view of formal kinetics for irreversible process allowed estimating the speed of convection-diffusion process. The rate of self-diffusion of water into saturated brine of galite (D=1,21·10-5 cm2/s) and hydrated (in tritium water) ions of Na+Cl- (D=6,62·10-6 cm2/s) were experimentally studied by the isotope method using the tritium label. According to the spatial dynamics of the half (from equilibrium) tritium concentration, the linear rate of self-diffusion of water into brine (6,56 cm/day) and diffusion of hydrated sodium chloride ions into water (1,10 cm/day) are calculated. At the same time, the change rate of position of half (from equilibrium) tritium concentration in the spatial plan is almost the same: (0,22 cm/day) and (0,23 cm/day), respectively. Mathematical models describing the dynamics of these processes have been constructed. The obtained data make it possible to calculate the rates of salts movement from the depth of the Dombrovskyi quarry to its surface. Estimated amount of fresh water (220 thousand tons), capable to indifundate within a year from the surface to a 100-meter depth in the lower layers of Dombrovskyi quarry brines and dissolve the salt-containing rocks in its sides and the bottom.
Results of geological and geophysical research on the Subotska structure of Ingulskiy megablock of the Ukrainian shield
Authors: Kalashnyk G. A.
Published: December 2020

The article presents the results of diamond prospecting studies in the Subotska structure of the Inhulskyi megablock of Ukrainian Shield. For the results, it is indicated that the Subotska structure is mimicked by crater rocks and in some cases by manifestations of the vent facies with signs of kimberlitic-lamproitic magmatism. The typical local features of manifestations of explosive structures from maar volcanism in Subotska area are determined. The article presents the results of petrographic and mineralogical study of the core material from exploratory wells on the Subotska structure, the results of study of material composition of the clay fraction, X-ray diffraction analysis of the pellet fraction. Data of the X-ray structural analysis of the pellet fraction of samples taken from the core material from exploratory wells on the Subotska structure indicates the obvious mechanical sum, the head folder of such is calciferous montmorilonite, and also saponite, nontronite, hydromica and kaolinit. The availability of the nontronite and saponite is confirmed by the results of electronic-microscopic reports. Also the article presents the results of studying the secondary lithochemical halos of Cr, Ni, Mg, Co, Ti, V, Fe, covering the geochemical spectrum inherent in alkaline-ultrabasic rocks and their weathering crust. These halos are combined with negative gravitational anomalies associated with the explosive structures in the Subotska area. The structural control of the great part of the detected geochemical anomalies, geochemical halos are determined. According to the degree of manifestation of the complex of criteria five potential diamond-prospective structures are discovered on the Subotska area. There were developed recommendations for further research on the Subotska area.