bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Notes from the Editors, May 2024
Authors: Editors -
Published: May 2024

buy this issueThe MR editors revisit the words of Monthly Review editors Harry Magdoff and Paul M. Sweezy, writing in the twenty-fifth-year anniversary issue. Writing on the innate contradictions plaguing the capitalist system, the editors in 1974 noted that the ecological limitations of capital accumulation was "unsolvable" under capitalism, thus setting the stage for the magazine's continued exploration of ecosocialism as humanity's future.
Einstein's "Why Socialism?" and 'Monthly Review'
Authors: Foster John Bellamy
Published: May 2024

For our seventy-fifth anniversary issue, John Bellamy Foster revisits the legacy of Albert Einstein and his deep connections to Monthly Review, including his authorship of the article "Why Socialism?," published in our first-ever issue in May 1949. Through historical documents and the famed physicist's own words, Foster rediscovers Einstein's commitment to socialism in both word and deed, and his collegial ties to MR's founding editors.
The Council on Foreign Relations, the Israel Lobby, and the War on Gaza
Authors: Shoup Laurence H.
Published: May 2024

As dangerous trans-Atlantic crossings between Africa and Europe continue to rise, Hannah Cross examines the roots of the ongoing crisis. The discussion around migration, she notes, "overlooks the imperial role of Europe and the United States over borders, migration regimes, regional (de-)integration, and national development projects within Africa." The solution, therefore, can only be found through genuine liberation and autonomy across the continent, rather than internationally imposed mechanisms benefitting the powerful in the Global North.
Tinjauan Terhadap Perbuatan Melawan Hukum Notaris dalam Pembuatan Akta
Authors: Anjangsari Sita Sesaria , Santoso Budi
Published: May 2024

AbstractNotaries as public officials are given the legal authority to make a valid deed as evidence without defects. Notaries who commit acts against the law can be held accountable under Article 1365 of the Civil Code. The purpose of this study is to discuss how the form of unlawful acts committed by a notary in making a deed and the efforts made to prevent unlawful acts of a notary in making a deed. The research method uses normative juridical and the research specifications are analytical descriptive. The data analysis method used descriptive qualitative data analysis. The results of the study concluded. First, elements of unlawful acts were carried out by a Notary in making the deed, among others, by falsifying the deed he made that was not in accordance with the UUJNP. Second, efforts are made to prevent Notaries from committing acts against the law in making the deed, namely by conducting seminars and other activities to update the knowledge and insight of the notary in the field of law.Keywords: against the law; notary; notarial deedAbstrakNotaris sebagai pejabat publik diberikan kewenangan hukum untuk membuat akta yang sah menjadi alat bukti tanpa cacat. Notaris yang melakukan perbuatan melawan hukum dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban berdasarkan Pasal 1365 KUH Perdata. Tujuan penelitian ini membahas bagaimana bentuk perbuatan melawan hukum yang dilakukan oleh Notaris dalam pembuatan akta serta upaya yang dilakukan dalam mencegah perbuatan melawan hukum Notaris dalam pembuatan akta. Metode penelitian menggunakan yuridis normatif dan spesifikasi penelitiannya adalah deskriptif analitis. Metode analisa data menggunakan analisis data deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian diperoleh Pertama, unsur perbuatan melawan hukum dilakukan oleh Notaris dalam pembuatan akta antara lain dengan memalsukan akta yang dibuatnya yang tidak sesuai dengan UUJNP. Kedua, upaya yang dilakukan untuk mencegah Notaris melakukan perbuatan melawan hukum dalam pembuatan akta dengan melakukan seminar dan kegiatan lain untuk mengupdate ilmu pengetahuan dan wawasan notaris dibidang hukum selain itu juga rutin  melakukan pengawasan secara berkala ke kantor notaris minimal setahun sekali untuk melakukan pengecekan protocol notaris.Kata kunci: perbuatan melawan hukum; notaris; akta
The ACODE Benchmarks for Technology Enhanced Learning
Authors: Sankey Michael , Marshall S , McCarthy S , Leichtweis S , Selvaratnam R , Adams N , Joubert L , Ames K
Published: May 2024

The ACODE benchmarks have been developed to assist institutions in their practice of delivering a quality technology enhanced learning (TEL) experience for their students and staff (recognising that some institutions refer to their practice with terms such as e-learning, online or flexible learning, blended, etc.). There are nine benchmarks, each of which can be used as a standalone indicator or used collectively to provide a whole institution perspective. However, where these benchmarks become even more powerful is when they are used in association with other institutions, as part of a collaborative interinstitutional benchmarking exercise that ACODE facilitates every two years. This is where one or more institutions are willing to share their practices and journey in TEL with others, based on the outcomes of their own internal benchmarking activity.
Autistic Children and Group Homes
Authors: Bedard Stephen
Published: May 2024

There is no guaranteed outcome for an autistic person when it comes to housing. It can range from complete independent living to living with family to being placed in a group home. In this personal account, the story of one family with two autistic children with high needs is shared. Placing a child in a group home is difficult for any parent. The emotional cost is great enough but there are additional challenges that can add to the pain of the situation. What is shared is not meant to generalize to the experience of all autistic people, not even all autistic people who are placed in group homes. This account is a snapshot of one family’s experience that may highlight some of the problems with the system and potentially point to areas for improvement.
Maison de groupe fondée sur la recherche, inspirée par les personnes autistes
Authors: Nader Anne-Marie
Published: May 2024

Le développement d’habitation adaptées et valorisantes pour les personnes autistes répond à la volonté d’œuvrer en vue d’une meilleure justice sociale en créant des milieux de vie inclusifs en accord avec les besoins et les attentes des personnes autistes. Le présent projet vise à décrire un exemple de partenariat recherche-communauté qui a mené à la conception d'un milieu de vie de groupe conçu en fonction des préférences des personnes autistes.
A Framework for Conceptualizing Black Trans Youth Suicide: Combining the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide With Intersectionality Theory
Authors: Hewett Ruthann C. , Chavies Nadya R. , Murillo Paredes Viena M. , Carnahan Shannon , Prithwie Sade M. , Robinson-Wood Tracy L.
Published: May 2024

In this article we frame the crisis of Black transgender and gender-nonconforming (TGNC) youth suicide in the context of interpersonal theory of suicide, intersectionality theory, postmodern therapeutic approaches, and critical suicidology in promoting liberatory care. The constructs of each theory are illuminated by a case study that explores the narrative of a Black trans femme teen as she navigates mental health treatment after a suicide attempt. Opportunities for clinician learning, advocacy, and best practice are discussed. Practical resources are provided in case excerpts to enhance clinicians’ understanding of topics such as gender-affirming care, respectful language, and intersections of anti-Black racism and transphobia. We close with a discussion of future directions for skill development and cultural humility in novice and seasoned providers working with this community.
Navigating the Ethical Path: Nonmaleficence and Cultural Humility in Psychotherapy
Authors: Curling Deone , Osazuwa Sandra , Bhandal Arshdeep
Published: May 2024

In this article we explore integrating diversity, equity, inclusivity (DEI), intersectionality, and cultural humility into psychotherapy, guided by the ethical principle of nonmaleficence—the commitment to do no harm. We critique the limitations of traditional Eurocentric psychotherapy and advocate for DEI principles to better address the diverse realities of clients from varied cultural backgrounds. We propose actionable recommendations for psychotherapists to adopt a holistic, inclusive approach, emphasizing valuing each client's unique experiences. This approach is aimed at ensuring that psychotherapy practice is effective, socially just, culturally responsive, and ethically sound, aligning with the Galveston Declaration's values of pluralism, flux, opening space, and responsibility for continued growth in therapeutic practice.
Context-Specific Stress Causes Compartmentalized SARM1 Activation and Local Degeneration in Cortical Neurons
Authors: Hinz Flora I. , Villegas Carmela Louise M. , Roberts Jasmine T. , Yao Heming , Gaddam Shreya , Delwig Anton , Green Samantha A. , Fredrickson Craig , Adrian Max , Asuncion Raymond R. , Cheung Tommy K. , Hayne Margaret , Hackos David H. , Rose Christopher M. , Richmond David , Hoogenraad Casper C.
Published: May 2024

Sterile alpha and TIR motif containing 1 (SARM1) is an inducible NADase that localizes to mitochondria throughout neurons and senses metabolic changes that occur after injury. Minimal proteomic changes are observed upon either SARM1 depletion or activation, suggesting that SARM1 does not exert broad effects on neuronal protein homeostasis. However, whether SARM1 activation occurs throughout the neuron in response to injury and cell stress remains largely unknown. Using a semiautomated imaging pipeline and a custom-built deep learning scoring algorithm, we studied degeneration in both mixed-sex mouse primary cortical neurons and male human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical neurons in response to a number of different stressors. We show that SARM1 activation is differentially restricted to specific neuronal compartments depending on the stressor. Cortical neurons undergo SARM1-dependent axon degeneration after mechanical transection, and SARM1 activation is limited to the axonal compartment distal to the injury site. However, global SARM1 activation following vacor treatment causes both cell body and axon degeneration. Context-specific stressors, such as microtubule dysfunction and mitochondrial stress, induce axonal SARM1 activation leading to SARM1-dependent axon degeneration and SARM1-independent cell body death. Our data reveal that compartment-specific SARM1mediated death signaling is dependent on the type of injury and cellular stressor.
Drawing and Disrupting Borders in the Wake of the US-Mexico War
Authors: Nugent Carlos Alonso
Published: May 2024

This article advances an argument about two “imagined environments”—my term for the frameworks that human groups use to depict and dwell in more-than-human worlds. The first of these imagined environments arose around the US-Mexican Boundary Commission (1849–59): while failing to fulfill its official objective of building physical border monuments, this team of explorers and engineers still made media that helped two settler states conceptualize and control their borderlands. Against this increasingly efficient exploitation of both humans and nonhumans, a second imagined environment persisted in Mescalero Apache pictographs, Chihene Apache performances, and other Apache media. On our precarious planet, this imagined environment can teach us to stop defining ourselves around fixed places and to remain resilient while migrating through shifting spaces.
Intellectual Property Management in the Context of Trade Network
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Kniaz Sviatoslav , Videnieiev Oleksandr ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: May 2024

The article discusses the management of intellectual property in the context of trade networks, focusing on the complexities of intellectual property, the necessity for its effective management amidst rapid market changes and globalization. The authors emphasize the importance of finding a balance between protecting rights and stimulating innovations, requiring a comprehensive approach and collaboration between companies and government bodies. The primary goal is to propose management approaches that would encourage innovation while effectively protecting intellectual property, considering the modern challenges of globalization and digitalization. The article also highlights the role of technological progress in refining the management of intellectual property, underscoring the necessity for adaptation to the new conditions of the digital economy.
Legal Regulatory of Using AI Technologies in the Digital-Leading Countries
Authors:   Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman, Petko Stanislav
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to investigation of the legal regulatory features of Artificial Intelligence technologies in the digital-leading countries – USA, The Republic of Korea and European Union Member States. It is determined, that dynamic development of the Artificial Intelligence technologies and its influence on humanity set a task for the digital-leading countries Governments regarding creation and adoption of the first legislative acts, which will have a full legal power. Eight of the main technologies singled out, which are require the urgent legal regulatory with creation of the appropriate legislative framework: AI in robotics, AI in service robotics, AI in industrial robotics, autonomous and sensor technology, AI in computer vision, generative AI, AI in machine learning, AI in natural language processing. It was proved, that industrial AI in 2023 year is not a regulated field in the investigated countries. Only appropriate strategies and concepts implements with the participation of the specialized government organizations, which deal issues about the «Industry 4:0» advanced technologies development.
Deletion of CD44 promotes adipogenesis by regulating PPARγ and cell cycle-related pathways
Authors: Weng Xiong , Jiang Hao , Walker David J , Zhou Houjiang , Lin De , Wang Jing , Kang Li
Published: May 2024

CD44, a cell surface adhesion receptor and stem cell biomarker, is recently implicated in chronic metabolic diseases. Ablation of CD44 ameliorates adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity. Here, we investigated cell type-specific CD44 expression in human and mouse adipose tissue and further studied how CD44 in preadipocytes regulates adipocyte function. Using Crispr Cas9-mdediated gene deletion and lentivirus-mediated gene re-expression, we discovered that deletion of CD44 promotes adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis, whereas re-expression of CD44 abolishes this effect and decreases insulin responsiveness and adiponectin secretion in 3T3-L1 cells. Mechanistically, CD44 does so via suppressing Pparg expression. Using quantitative proteomics analysis, we further discovered that cell cycle-regulated pathways were mostly decreased by deletion of CD44. Indeed, re-expression of CD44 moderately restored expression of proteins involved in all phases of the cell cycle. These data were further supported by increased preadipocyte proliferation rates in CD44-deficient cells and re-expression of CD44 diminished this effect. Our data suggest that CD44 plays a crucial role in regulating adipogenesis and adipocyte function possibly through regulating PPARγ and cell cycle-related pathways. This study provides evidence for the first time that CD44 expressed in preadipocytes plays key roles in regulating adipocyte function outside immune cells where CD44 is primarily expressed. Therefore, targeting CD44 in (pre)adipocytes may provide therapeutic potential to treat obesity-associated metabolic complications.
The “One-Way Student Flow” in General-Vocational Education Integration in Chinese Secondary Education
Authors: Du Qingshan
Published: May 2024

The general-vocational education integration (GVEI) is an initiative of strategic significance for Chinese educational reform in the new era, aiming to integrate general and vocational education resources to provide more diverse educational options for students and cultivate high-quality technical talent. Nevertheless, the GVEI at the secondary level encounters the challenge of “one-way student flow,” a strong bias towards vocational-to-general transition in vocational education students. The issue is a severe deviation from the original objective of developing GVEI. This article focuses on delineating the phenomenon and pinpointing the causes underlying it, with a view to providing implications for the successful implementation and advancement of GVEI.
Medical Discrimination: A Hidden and Non-Neglectable Issue
Authors: Mason Lawrence
Published: May 2024

Medical discrimination is a pervasive issue that often goes unnoticed or unaddressed in the healthcare system. It occurs when individuals receive differential treatment based on characteristics such as race, gender, sexual orientation, age, or socioeconomic status. This type of discrimination can have serious consequences for patients, including delayed or inadequate care, misdiagnosis, and even harm to their physical and mental health. The impacts of medical discrimination are far-reaching and systemic, perpetuating disparities in health outcomes among marginalized populations. To address this issue effectively, it is crucial for healthcare providers to undergo training on cultural competency and unconscious bias recognition. Additionally, policies must be implemented at both the institutional and governmental levels to ensure equitable access to care for all patients. Ignoring medical discrimination only perpetuates inequalities in the healthcare system and exacerbates disparities in health outcomes.
Some modeling challenges in dynamic life cycle assessment
Authors: Lan Kai
Published: May 2024

Life cycle assessment (LCA) has been a mainstream tool to evaluate the environmental impacts of products, services, and systems. Current LCAs inherently rely on the static basis and commonly fail to include temporal considerations. To better assist in the decision-making for sustainable development, dynamic LCA has been initiated to answer more complex and interdisciplinary questions. As in its initial phase, dynamic LCA faces many modeling challenges that at the same time are meaningful research opportunities. In modeling dynamic LCA, there are several key aspects that need more attention for contribution and close collaboration across the first three phases of the LCA framework.
Integration of genome-scale metabolic model with biorefinery process model reveals market-competitive carbon-negative sustainable aviation fuel utilizing microbial cell mass lipids and biogenic CO2
Authors: Baral Nawa Raj , Banerjee Deepanwita , Mukhopadhyay Aindrila , Simmons Blake A. , Singer Steven W. , Scown Corinne D.
Published: May 2024

Producing scalable, economically viable, low-carbon biofuels or biochemicals hinges on more efficient bioconversion processes. While microbial conversion can offer robust solutions, the native microbial growth process often redirects a large fraction of carbon to CO2 and cell mass. By integrating genome-scale metabolic models with techno-economic and life cycle assessment models, this study analyzes the effects of converting cell mass lipids to hydrocarbon fuels, and CO2 to methanol on the facility’s costs and life-cycle carbon footprint. Results show that upgrading microbial lipids or both microbial lipids and CO2 using renewable hydrogen produces carbon-negative bisabolene. Additionally, on-site electrolytic hydrogen production offers a supply of pure oxygen to use in place of air for bioconversion and fuel combustion in the boiler. To reach cost parity with conventional jet fuel, renewable hydrogen needs to be produced at less than $2.2 to $3.1/kg, with a bisabolene yield of 80% of the theoretical yield, along with cell mass and CO2 yields of 22 wt% and 54 wt%, respectively. The economic combination of cell mass, CO2, and bisabolene yields demonstrated in this study provides practical insights for prioritizing research, selecting suitable hosts, and determining necessary engineered production levels.
New floristic records in Kyiv City and its environs
Authors:   M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 1 Sadovo-Botanichna Str., Kyiv 01014, Ukraine, Shynder O.I. , Davydov D.A. ,   M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Olshanskyi I.G. ,   M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Levon A.F. ,   M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 1 Sadovo-Botanichna Str., Kyiv 01014, Ukraine, Nesyn Yu.D. ,   M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 1 Sadovo-Botanichna Str., Kyiv 01014, Ukraine
Published: May 2024

The results of floristic research in the territory of Kyiv City and its environs (in the adjacent territories of Kyiv Region) are presented. According to the results, five new taxa for the flora of Ukraine are reported: Cardamine occulta, Equisetum × moorei, Lolium × holmbergii, Limonium sinuatum, Lonicera maackii. Chrozophora tinctoria is a new species for the flora of the mainland part of Ukraine. Also, 16 new taxa were identified for the regional floras of the Ukrainian Polissya, Forest-Steppe, and Middle Dnipro regions. In addition, new locations of 69 rare aboriginal and expansive alien taxa are reported. In total, among the studied taxa 38 are native and 53 are alien. Among the studied alien plants, several are potentially invasive ones, and some of them have already demonstrated their invasive nature, in particular: Cornus sanguinea subsp. australis, Erigeron strigosus, Phragmites altissimus, and Vitis riparia. The results of our study confirm that the flora of Kyiv City and its environs is one of the richest floras in the plain part of Ukraine, and currently it is rapidly changing.
New records of Aldrovanda vesiculosa (Droseraceae) and Utricularia minor (Lentibulariaceae) from Biloozerskyi National Nature Park (Middle Dnipro Region)
Authors:   Kaniv Nature Reserve, Educational and Scientific Center ", Shevchyk V.L. ,   Institute of Biology and Medicine",   , Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 108 Shevchenko Str., Kaniv 19000, Cherkasy Region, Ukraine, Solomakha I.V. ,   Institute of Agroecology and Environmental Management of NAAS, 12 Metrolohichna Str., Kyiv 03143, Ukraine, Margitych M.M. ,   Biloozerskyi National Nature Park, State Management of Affairs, 1 Lisova Str., Khotsky village, 08473, Boryspil District, Kyiv Region, Ukraine, Solomakha V.A. ,   Institute of Agroecology and Environmental Management of NAAS, 12 Metrolohichna Str., Kyiv 03143, Ukraine
Published: May 2024

New localities of Aldrovanda vesiculosa and Utricularia minor, rare species listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine, are reported. The studied populations are located in Kyiv Region within Biloozerskyi National Nature Park (Left Bank Forest-Steppe). A significant distribution of A. vesiculosa was observed in the central marshy area of the park and that of U. minor — in four floodplains within the sedge-moss bogs in central and outer parts of the same area. Occurrence of numerous individuals and large populations of A. vesiculosa and U. minor in wetlands in the central part of Biloozerskyi National Nature Park indicate high conservation value of this area. According to the functional zoning scheme, these locations are classified as protected areas, with good prospects for survival and long-term existence of the species. Provided that the current level of irrigation of these wetlands is maintained, threats to the populations of these species can be considered insignificant. Thus there is an obvious need for long-term monitoring of the status of their populations.
Теплові електростанції як елементи системи регулювання режимів енергосистеми України
Authors: Чернявський Микола Володимирович
Published: May 2024

У доповіді розглянуто деякі загальні та економічні проблеми енергетичної галузі з метою кращого розуміння ролі теплової енергетики, зокрема вугільної генерації, поряд з іншими джерелами вироблення електроенергії під час переходу до «безвуглецевої» енергетики. Показано, що для забезпечення прийнятних цін на електроенергію відновлювані джерела енергії та нові регулюючі потужності на природному газі слід впроваджувати поступово, використовуючи наявні твердопаливні ТЕС і ТЕЦ для балансування середньозваженої ціни і регулювання режимів навантаження енергосистеми. Наведено результати робіт Інституту теплоенергетичних технологій НАН України з науково-технічного супроводу забезпечення надійності та діапазону регулювання навантаження теплових електростанцій у воєнний час, розроблення та впровадження наукомістких технічних рішень з переведення котлоагрегатів ТЕС і ТЕЦ, котлів середньої та малої потужності промислових ТЕЦ на біомасу та газове вугілля.
Varicella in the 21st Century
Authors: Obi Olugbemisola A.
Published: May 2024

Varicella is a highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus and has a wide range of clinical presentations. Varicella can cause mild disease in infants born to infected persons who are immunized as a result of previous vaccination or previous clinical or subclinical infection. However, varicella can also lead to severe life-threatening disease in infants, particularly for those born to nonimmunized persons. In this review, we will summarize the natural history of varicella-zoster infection in pregnant persons, infants with congenital varicella syndrome, and infants with postnatal varicella infection. We will also provide guidance about isolation recommendations and chemoprophylaxis for exposed hospitalized infants. Finally, we will describe risk factors for developing disseminated disease and review the approach to treatment of infected infants.
Cannabis Legalization and Resource Use for Ingestions by Young Children
Authors: Walsh Patrick S. , Dupont Amanda S. , Lipshaw Matthew J. , Visotcky Alexis , Thomas Danny G.
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE

In conjunction with widening legalization, there has been a rapid rise in unintentional cannabis ingestions in young children. We sought to determine if the legal status of recreational cannabis was associated with resource use in young children with cannabis poisoning.

METHODS

This retrospective cross-sectional study of the Pediatric Health Information System included emergency department encounters between January 2016 and April 2023 for children <6 years of age with a diagnosis indicating cannabis ingestion. The primary exposure was recreational cannabis legalization status in the state in which the encounter occurred. We used logistic regression models to determine the association of recreational cannabis legality with resource utilization outcomes, adjusting for demographic covariates.

RESULTS

We included 3649 children from 47 hospitals; 29% of encounters occurred in places in which recreational cannabis was legal. Compared with environments in which recreational cannabis was illegal, cannabis-legal locations had lower uses of advanced neuroimaging (24% vs 35%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.55–0.77), lumbar puncture (1.6% vs 3.8%; aOR, 0.42; 95% CI: 0.24–0.70), ICU admission (7.9% vs 11%; aOR, 0.71; 95% CI: 0.54–0.93), and mechanical ventilation (0.8% vs 2.9%; aOR, 0.30; 95% CI: 0.14–0.58). Urine testing was more common in places in which recreational cannabis was legal (71% vs 58%; aOR, 1.87; 95% CI: 1.59–2.20).

CONCLUSIONS

State-level legalization of recreational cannabis was associated with a significant decrease in the utilization of advanced medical resources in cases of cannabis intoxication in children. These findings suggest the need for a focus on policies and procedures to minimize invasive testing in cases of cannabis intoxication in children.
Las etiquetas discursivas en el discurso oral en español como segunda lengua
Authors: Guillén Solano Patricia
Published: May 2024

Las etiquetas discursivas constituyen un mecanismo de cohesión que permite encapsular fragmentos textuales previos por medio de sintagmas nominales. Estos sintagmas funcionan como arranque para la organización informativa subsiguiente e incorporan conceptualizaciones subjetivas sobre los fragmentos a los que hace referencia y poseen, por esta razón, la capacidad de expresar evaluaciones implícitas y constituirse así en recursos argumentativos. En este artículo se estudia el rendimiento funcional de las etiquetas discursivas en el discurso oral de hablantes de español como segunda lengua (en adelante, español L2) a partir de un corpus de 5 clases de español L2 grabadas en audio. Los resultados del estudio evidencian la escasa presencia de este mecanismo cohesivo y la tendencia a utilizar en su lugar la anáfora gramatical.
Determination of the volume of blood loss in prenatal and postnatal obstetric bleeding (clinical cases)
Authors:   Dnipro State Medical University, Ukraine, Lebediuk V.V.
Published: May 2024

Purpose - to analyze the amount of blood loss in prenatal and postpartum obstetric bleeding based on clinical cases. During the period from 2020 to 2022, on the basis of the Communal Enterprise «Regional Medical Center of Family Health» in Dnipro, an algorithm for quantitative determination of blood loss was implemented. Clinical case 1. A 38-week pregnant woman was admitted with complaints of slight bleeding from the genital tract, which was not accompanied by pain. Diagnosis: «II pregnancy 38 weeks». The main presentation. Placenta previa (signs of placental abruption). Initially, blood smears up to 50.0 ml were determined. After 2 hours, blood loss was repeated and estimated at 250.0 ml (total blood loss 300.0 ml). Consilium decided to perform cesarean section (C-section). A girl was born, weighing 3450 g, with an Apgar score of 7/8. The total blood loss after KR was 850.0 ml. Clinical case 2. The pregnant woman entered the hospital for delivery with a diagnosis: 3rd pregnancy of 36 weeks, placenta increta (invasion of the placenta into the muscular layer of the uterus), for C-section, During C-section, placental invasion through the uterine muscle layer into the bladder was diagnosed. The total blood loss after the operation was 5870.0 ml. The main complication in this case is usually a massive bleeding. To control the volume of blood loss, a protocol was used to quantify the amount of blood loss with the calculation of the rate of bleeding per minute, which helped both obstetricians to control the stages of surgical treatment and anesthesiologists to consider infusion-transfusion therapy in relation to the degree of blood loss. Conclusions. In those cases when doctors control bleeding up to 250.0 ml, they use a visual method of assessing blood loss, more often this is the case with prenatal bleeding. In other cases, it is advisable to use a quantitative assessment of postpartum blood loss, this largely determined the timeliness of obstetric care, the implementation of balanced intensive infusion-transfusion therapy, the reduction of blood loss volumes, which led to the minimization of the use of donor blood preparations, and organ-preserving technologies were more often used in the provision of emergency care for obstetric bleeding. The study was performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent of women was obtained for the study. No conflict of interests was declared by the author.
The features of the functioning of the fetoplacental complex in pregnant women with an allogeneic fetus
Authors:   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Romanenko T.G. , Yesyp N.V. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: May 2024

Aim - to determine the features of the functional state of the fetoplacental complex (FPC) in pregnant women with an allogeneic fetus and pregnant women who were involved in assisted reproductive technology (ART) programs using their own oocytes. Materials and methods. 77 pregnant women were examined. They were divided into two groups: Group I (main) - 39 women who became pregnant as a result of ART using donor oocytes with the formation of an allogeneic fetus; Group II (comparison) - 38 patients who became pregnant as a result of ART using their own oocytes. Statistical processing of research results was carried out using standard Microsoft Excel 5.0 and Statistica 6.0 programs. Results. Pregnant women with an allogeneic fetus are characterized by significantly lower levels of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) and placental growth factor (PlGF), determined at 11-13+6 weeks of pregnancy, and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels, measured at 16-18+6, compared with a group of women whose own oocytes were used as part of ART programs. In the women of Group I, significantly higher levels of systolic-to-diastolic ratio (SDR) and pulsatility index (PI) of both uterine arteries, resistance index (IR) of the left uterine artery at 20-24 weeks of pregnancy, as well as levels of PI and SDR of the umbilical artery, IR and PI of both uterine arteries and SDR determined for the left uterine artery at 28-31+6 weeks of pregnancy. In Group I, a significantly lower fetal abdominal circumference was found in comparison to Group II at 28-31+6 weeks of pregnancy. Conclusions. The presence of deviations in the indicators of FPC functioning among women of Group I indicates the need for further research of this problem and development of an improved surveillance program for pregnant women with an allogeneic fetus. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the institution indicated in the work. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Peculiarities of the hormonal function of the placenta in women who had complications from the group of major obstetric syndromes, clinically manifested by placental insufficiency
Authors:   SHEI Uzhhorod National University, Ukraine, Lemish N.Y.
Published: May 2024

Purpose - to study the peculiarities of the hormonal function of the placenta during pregnancy in women who had complications from the group of major obstetric syndromes (MOS), clinically manifested by placental insufficiency, in order to further develop an algorithm for the prevention of this complication. Materials and methods. During the gestational process, the content of hormones: estradiol (E2), progesterone (PG), human chronic gonadotropin (hCG) and placental lactogen (PL) was determined in 99 pregnant women - the main group (MG) who had complications from the group of MOS, placental insufficiency (PI). The control group (CG) consisted of 50 practically healthy pregnant women with a healthy reproductive history and an uncomplicated course of this pregnancy, Statistical processing of research results was carried out using standard Microsoft Excel 5.0 and Statistica 6.0 programs. Results. During the entire gestational period, the level of E2, PL, hCG, and PG in pregnant women with MOS (MG) is significantly lower than in pregnant women with CG (p<0.05). In the dynamics of the gestational process in MG patients, there is a significant lag in PG level indicators compared to indicators in CG: in 9-28 weeks - 46.4±4.24 nmol/l versus 162.6±22.10 nmol/l, respectively; p<0.05 (3.5 times less), in 29-34 weeks - 128.9±6.80 nmol/l versus 294.2±34.62 nmol/l, respectively; p<0.05 (2.3 times less), in 35-41 weeks - 148.2±2.26 nmol/l versus 434.6±56.70 nmol/l, respectively; p<0.05 (2.9 times less). Conclusions. From the early stages of pregnancy, moderate hormonal dysfunction was detected in pregnant women with MOS in the form of a probable decrease in the levels of PL, PG, E2 and hCG compared to similar indicators in CG. In the future they have an unstable state of impaired placental hormonal function, which leads to the exhaustion of the adaptive reserves of the system mother-placenta-fetus in the form of a violation of the synthesis of key regulatory hormones responsible for the favorable course of gestation, the development and functioning of intrauterine life support systems. The research was conducted according to principles of Declaration of Helsinki. Protocol of research was proved by local ethical committee, mentioned in institution’s work. Women's informed consent was obtained for the study. No conflict of interests was declared by the author.
The use of vacuum bell therapy for the treatment of pectus excavatum in children of the younger group: the dynamics of changes in echocardiography
Authors:   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Yaroslavska S.M. , Kryvopustov S.P. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Saltykova G.V. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine,, Pismennyi V.D. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Boyko N.S. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Shidlovska I.V. ,   National Children’s Specialized Hospital OKHMATDYT, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: May 2024

Pectus excavatum (PE) si common disease among children, which in most cases manifests during the period of intensive growth. Children with PE may have asymptomatic changes in the heart and may not cause concern for some time. Purpose - to evaluate of the dynamics of echocardiography changes during conservative treatment of PE by vacuum bell therapy. Materials and methods. An evaluation of 28 patients with an average age of 6.4±1.2, who underwent conservative treatment of PE, was carried out. Cardiac ultrasound data before and after treatment were processed statistically. Results. After treatment, signs of mitral valve prolapse in children remained, that is, there were no qualitative changes. But the overall level of prolapse decreased statistically significantly (p=0.042) from 1.97±0.87 mmHg. to 1.73±0.69 mm Hg. Paradoxical movement of the interventricular membrane was not a frequent defect and before treatment was observed only in 5 (17.9%) children. After treatment, this defect was not noted. Myocardial function in all children was normal (>60%) both before treatment (69.86±8.21%) and after (68.54±2.67%). Conclusions. In pediatric population disturbances in the work of the heart with PE are often in a compensated or subcompensated state, but in the future they can lead to functional disorders.Screening use of echocardiography is recommended for all children with manifestations of funnel-shaped chest deformity. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The research protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the institution mentioned in the work. Informed consent of the patients was obtained for the research. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
An effective integrated program of neonatal screening - as a modern direction of diagnosis of hereditary metabolic diseases in children (literature review)
Authors:   SI Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology named after academician O.M. Lukyanova of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Holota T.V.
Published: May 2024

Today’s challenges contribute to technological progress in various fields of medicine. The introduction of extended neonatal screening (ENS) for hereditary metabolic diseases (HMDs) became the basis for the revolution of modern diagnostic technologies. Tandem mass spectrometry (TMS) technology has become a real breakthrough in the laboratory diagnosis of a number of HMDs, with the help of which it is possible to quickly determine the concentrations of dozens of different metabolites in a minimum amount of biological material at the same time. Purpose - to summarize the literature data on the current state, progress, and prospects of extended neonatal screening for hereditary metabolic diseases. We retrospectively analyzed the data of modern medical literature on ENS programs and investigated the issues of genomics and metabolomics in the practice of screening for HMDs according to scientometric databases: GoogleScholar, NCBI Pubmed, Cochranelibrary. The historical aspects of the formation and application of such a method of modern laboratory diagnosis of HMDs as tandem mass spectrometry are considered separately. Data on the role of genomics and metabolomics in the practice of neonatal screening for inborn errors of metabolism are also presented. Since the identification of patients by performing ENS provides an opportunity to expand knowledge about the genesis, frequency, genotype/phenotype correlation, and thus preliminary diagnosis and treatment benefit both the health care system and society. Thanks to exome and genome sequencing technologies, detection of a wider range of diseases has become available. No conflict of interests was declared by the author.
The role of extracellular vesicles in physiological and pathological conditions (literature review)
Authors:   Dnipro State Medical University, Ukraine, Radchenko V.V. , Yelchaninova T.I. ,   Dnipro State Medical University, Ukraine
Published: May 2024

The article presents a review of medical literature on the current views on the role of extracellular vesicle ribonucleic acid (RNA) in physiological and pathological conditions. Purpose - to highlight the current scientific knowledge about the importance of extracellular vesicles in physiological and pathological conditions, new possibilities for diagnosis and treatment. Extracellular vesicles, in particular exosomes, have experienced a revival of interest following studies indicating their importance in numerous events of intercellular interaction. The main attention is paid to the studies that investigated the pathophysiology of microvesicles and exosomes in normal and most common diseases, diagnostic features and possibilities of application in clinical practice. In the area of reproductive medicine, there is a growing interest in understanding the role of extracellular vesicles in the male and female reproductive system, as they may represent a new mechanism of communication between the reproductive tract and immature germ cells or between the mother and fetus. This could potentially have a significant impact on the understanding of pregnancy-related processes and the development of complications. Their usefulness as biomarkers of pathological conditions such as preeclampsia, spontaneous preterm labor, and polycystic ovary syndrome is being studied. Conclusions. The relationship between exosomal microRNAs and various diseases has been summarised. However, the use of exosomes has limitations due to technical and economic reasons. The purity of the isolated exosomes needs to be improved, which requires better technologies and equipment. The role of exosomal microRNAs in living organisms is highlighted, their value and potential use in terms of the source and mechanism of action of exosomes are demonstrated. More exosomal therapeutic agents will be used in future clinical trials, which gives hope for the emergence of new methods of diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
FIKIH MUAMALAH REVIEW OF AIRDROP BUSINESS ACTIVITIES USING DIGITAL ASSETS CRYPTOCURRENCY
Authors: Mutakhir Ibnu , Sunardi Dedi
Published: May 2024

This research is provided to examine cryptocurrency airdrop business activities as Hibah contracts in Fiqh muamalah, focusing on the Sharia framework and legal provisions in Indonesia. The main goal is to promote the promotion of new cryptocurrencies and increase the liquidity and value of cryptocurrencies. The research method used is the juridical normative research method, which specifically explores the implementation of norms, rules, and regulations contained in positive law and Islamic law. The research results confirm that the cryptocurrency airdrop business activities according to Fiqh Muamalah require fulfillment of the terms and conditions of the grant agreement, Ijarah agreement, and compliance with national legal provisions. In implementing an airdrop, crucial aspects such as the type of cryptocurrency being distributed, strict terms and conditions, and airdrop security are the main focus. Considering all these elements, it is hoped that cryptocurrency airdrop business activities can run efficiently and provide optimal benefits for all parties involved.
Market Share Factors of Sharia Banks in Indonesia and Malaysia
Authors: Gazani Hawa , Asiyah Binti Nur , Hidayah Nurul
Published: May 2024

This research aims to examine the relationship between the market share of sharia banks in Malaysia and Indonesia simultaneously as a function of profit sharing, number of offices, and Third-Party Funds (TPF), with Return on Assets (ROA) as an intermediary variable. Both countries have similarities in being a country with a Muslim majority population and implementing a dual banking system. The annual financial reports of Sharia banks in Indonesia and Malaysia from 2016–2021 are the secondary data source for this quantitative research. A technique called path analysis is used. According to research, there is no statistically significant relationship between TPF and market share. The market share of Sharia banks is strongly influenced by profit sharing. Market share is strongly influenced by the number of offices. The impact of TPF on ROA-based market share is not significant. ROA is the main mechanism by which profit sharing affects market share. Through the ROA of Sharia banks, the number of offices influences market share. If Sharia banks want to maximize income, grow their overall assets, and increase their market share, then Sharia banks must think about how to manage TPF more effectively and efficiently, based on the conclusions of this research.
Non-performing Financing and Rate of Return on Mudharaba and Musharaka Contracts of Islamic Banks Before and During the COVID-19 Period
Authors: Fatoni Ahmad , Siswati Maidah , Utami Kurnia Dwi Sari
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether there are differences in non-performing financing and yield rates on mudharaba and musharaka financing of Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia, both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study uses a quantitative method using a sample of 14 Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia. The data used is monthly secondary data obtained from Islamic banking statistics for 2017-2022. Data analysis was carried out using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test normality test and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test non-parametric difference test using IBM SPSS 26 software. The results showed differences in non-performing financing and the rate of return on mudharaba and musharaka financing in the period before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Emma Kay, Mrs Beeton and Mrs Marshall: A Tale of Two Victorian Cooks
Authors: Bilton Sam
Published: May 2024

Emma Kay, Mrs Beeton and Mrs Marshall: A Tale of Two Victorian Cooks. Pen & Sword Books, Barnsley, 2023, £25