bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Lead and Cadmium Content of Plant Leaves along a Ring Road in Beijing
Authors: Wang Peng , Wang Chong Chen , Feng Li Li , Tian Xiang Juan
Published: July 2011

The contents of lead and cadmium in the leaves of Chinese Rose along 4th ring roads in Beijing were determined respectively, and index of air environment pollution of plants was introduced to study the relationship between the content of lead and cadmium in leaves and air pollution. The results revealed that the air quality based from lead content in leaves at many locations belong to strongly polluted status, while the air quality based on cadmium content of Chinese Rose leaves at many location belonged to extremely polluted status. It is practical to evaluate air pollution conditions using content of heavy metal (such as lead and cadmium) in leaves of plant.
Flow Pattern and Pressure Drop in Highly Concentrated Slurries Transportation Pipelines
Authors: Lu Hai , Yin Jun , Yuan Yi Xing , Wang Biao , Chen Hong Wei , Wang Jian Hui
Published: July 2011

Flow pattern and pressure drop in highly concentrated slurries transportation pipelines were discussed. The particles are settling, and tend to settle down to the bottom of pipes due to the action of gravity force forming different flow patterns which can be indicated by particle concentration profile. Three distinct flow patterns can be observed for different particle size distribution at different velocities: fully stratified, partially stratified and fully suspended flow patterns. As for pressure drop, it is well known that pressure drops in pipeline flows of slurries are strongly dependent on the flow pattern developed in a pipeline. Furthermore, fine particles suspended in water make the water more viscous, and increase the friction. In case of coarse particles, having larger volume, they have the tendency to contact with the pipe wall and with the other coarse particles more times, which increase the friction of flow. Meanwhile, coarse particles are lifted by the pressure difference generated as they rotate in the liquid preventing the coarse particles from settling down which results in less friction. The mixture of particles of different sizes is helpful to reduce pressure drop in pipeline flow slurries. Narrow grading particles tend to have high frictional losses, while broad grading particles have low frictional losses at high concentrations.
The Environmental Impact Assessment of Power Transmission Project Based on Fuzzy Theory
Authors: Cui He Rui , Qiu Da Fang , Chen Lu
Published: July 2011

As environment impact has become the important constraining factors to the power transmission project, so it is necessary to expand the scope of environmental impact assessment (EIA) to provide some information to relevant departments for decision-making. This paper selected fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to assess the environmental impact, which is fit for the uncertainties of the EIA. The results show that the project's impact on the environment is satisfactory and it still exists insufficient in environment protection and the improvement is still potential. The innovation of this paper is to assign the comprehensive evaluation vector by considering the weighted average confidence degree of the comments set-valued, so it can calculate the assessment values more accurately.
Research on the Application of Low Carbon Concept in the Design of Vernacular Architectures
Authors: Zhou Jian
Published: July 2011

This paper starts from the concept of low-carbon building, aiming at the high carbon dioxide emissions in Chinese construction industry; by way of surveys and researches, it discusses the scientificity of the shape, the construction materials, and construction mode of traditional vernacular architecture. Combining current advanced technology of low carbon emissions, this paper studies the main methods for villages and towns to start low carbon architectural design in the future.
Agricultural Function Positions in New Period of China
Authors: Jia Gang Tao , Huang Tian Zhu
Published: July 2011

Agriculture has the main function such as food sources, raw materials, providing the elements, the consumer market and foreign exchange reserves for long time. With the development of society, agricultural function has changed in new era. The new function will replace the traditional one gradually and become the dominant feature in future, which supply agricultural products, employment and livelihood protection, ecological adjustment and cultural heritage and leisure.
Study on the Vegetation Recovering Effect of Oily Soil after Bioremediation
Authors: Sang Yu Quan , Zheng Jing Tang
Published: July 2011

The vegetation recovering effect of oily soil after bioremediation was studied and contrasted with the background of natural environment in this paper. The results indicated that the vegetation productivity of oily soil after microbial remediation can be restored to its original level, but is not enough to rely on natural recovery of vegetation. The unit productivity of oily soil only through microbial remediation was obviously lower than natural background, and the biocommunity and its vertical structure were relatively simple. But the unit productivity of oily soil after phytoremediation was nearly similar to the uncontaminated soil.
Studies on Micro-Polluted Source Water Treatment by Ozone Combined Processes
Authors: Zhang Jian Kun
Published: July 2011

According to the water quality characteristics, micro-polluted source water treatment by ozone combined processes. The results show that the average removal efficiencies of algae, CODMn, NH4+-N, turbidity, chromaticity by bio-pretreatment filter are 72.0%, 14.5%, 80.5%, 58.6% ,26.0%, respectively; while the whole average removal efficiencies by pre-ozonation tank following bio-pretreatment filter had increased at the different dosages of ozone, such as algae 12.0%, CODMn 19.5% ,NH4+-N 7.5%, turbidity 10.9%, chromaticity 34.5%, respectively; and the optimal dosages of ozone are between 0.7 and 1.5mg/L. Furthermore, compared with the conventional water treatment process, all kinds of combined water treatment processes are better than the conventional one, of which the combined process Ⅲ with granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption tank is obviously the best, all the average removal efficiencies of algae, CODMn, NH4+-N, turbidity, chromaticity can reach 82%, while whose operation expenditure is higher than any others, so it should be considered comprehensively in the practice.
Research on the Safety of Coal-Fired Power Plants Based on Entropy Weight and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation
Authors: Wang Wei Jun , Zhao Liang
Published: July 2011

The dangerous events often happen in coal-fired power plant and its influence is very serious. Use entropy weigh method to determine the weight of index is very popular, it not only consider the key factors but also make a quantitative analysis for the interaction and coordination among different index. It is about how to make the function of system security greater than the sum of each single subsystem. The case study shows that the comprehensive safety evaluation model can integrate the safety factor and analyze the nonlinear effect of each index so as to make the evaluation result more reasonable, then, it can supply the scientific basis for safety production management of enterprise.
Growth Rate Model and Temperature-Changing Fermentation Process of Pseudomonas Syringae Pv. Mori M4-13
Authors: Liang Yao , Cheng Jie , Lv Rong Bin , Zhang Sheng Jie , Pan Fei , Wang Jun , Sun Guo Xia , Fang Shui Qin , Jiang Xing , Wu Fu An
Published: July 2011

Pseudomonas syringaepv. mori M4-13 is a new coronatine-production strain isolated from mulberry trees. As a high efficient plant growth substance, coronatine is difficult to obtain from the traditional bacteria under the high temperature. The fermentation temperature cannot be greater than 301K. However, the coronatine production is strictly growth associated. Therefore, biomass growth and accumulation of coronatine should be studied coordinately. In this paper, the growth rate of the strain was studied by the square root model, and the temperature-changing fermentation pattern of coronatine was optimized. In the fitting function of , the value of b was 0.03276, c was 0.1759, R2= 0.99. Based on the results, the optimal growth temperature of Pseudomonas syringae pv.moriM4-13 is 305K. The accumulation of coronatine reaches the peak, when the strain was incubated at the 305K for 3 days, following with the fermentation at 291K for another 3days. This fermentation pattern lay a solid foundation for the large-scale applications in the industrial production.
Effect of M/A Constituents on Mechanical Properties of High Grade Pipeline Steel
Authors: Zhu Li Xia , He Xiao Dong , Han Xin Li , Qu Ting Ting
Published: July 2011

The morphological changes, dimension and distribution of M/A constituent in different region of X80 acicular ferrite pipeline steel were investigated; the effect of M/A constituents of X80 on Charpy V-impact and room temperature tensile properties were also discussed by OM and SEM. The results show that: the distribution and morphosis of the M/A constituents have strongly effect on the mechanical properties. The uniformly distributed massive M/A constituents with chord less than 2 μm observed in grains of base metal, presents high impact toughness and high tensile strength, and the strip M/A constituents with chord more than 2 μm observed in welded joint samples exhibits low impact toughness and high tensile strength. It is seems that the changes of the morphosis and distribution of M/A constituents induce the hardening effect during the deformation which is the main reason to the different mechanical property.
Influence of Poling Conditions on the Characteristics of PZT Ceramics
Authors: Chure Ming Cheng , Chen Ping Cheng , Wu Long , Chen Bing Huei , Wu King Kung
Published: July 2011

In the poling process of PZT ceramics, the poling temperature is a critical condition. When the poling temperature is too low, no matter how high is the poling field and how long is the poling time, the planar electromechanical coupling factor kp is lower. When the poling temperature is higher enough, the kp can reach to a saturated value with a lower poling field and short poling time. The variation of dielectric constant with the poling conditions is the same as that of planar electromechanical coupling factor. When poling with a low temperature, the dielectric constant after poling is lower than 1400. When poling with higher temperature, no matter how high is the poling field and how long is the poling time, the dielectric constant after poling is higher than 1500.
The Effect of Triton® X-100 on CNT/PP Composite’s Electrical Conductivity
Authors: Xin Fei , Xu Guo Zhi
Published: July 2011

TCNT(Triton® X-100 pre-treated carbon nanotubes)/ PP (Polypropylene) composite has been successfully prepared and charactered by SEM, electrical tests. It was found that the best usage of Triton X-100 (P-octyl polyethylene glycol phenyl ether) was 80 wt% based on the CNTs. The results showed that the TCNTs could effectively improve the composites’ electrical conductivity over pristine CNTs. The mechanisms for the results have been discussed.
The Application of FEA in High-Speed Cutting
Authors: Ji Lian Qing , Liu Kun
Published: July 2011

The history and application of the FEA are briefly presented in this paper. Several key technologies such as the building of material model, the establishment of the chip - tool friction model as well as meshing are described. Taking the high-speed cutting of titanium alloy (Ti - 10V - 2Fe - 3Al) as an example , reasonable cutting tools and cutting parameters are determinted by simulating the influences of cutting speed, cutting depth and feeding rate on the cutting parameters using FEA.
Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Properties of P91 Steel
Authors: Xu Xue Xia , Ouyang Jie , Feng Yan Ting , Niu Xiao Guang
Published: July 2011

The effect of improper heat treatment progress on the structure and properties of P91 steel was studied. Results showed that under aircooling conditions, although the normalization temperature is beyond conventional range, the hardness meets the requirements of ASME standard, and the microstructure appear a gradual transition from equiaxed ferrite with carbide precipitates to tempered martensite. In addition ,when normalization temperature was as high as 1150°C and 1250°C, there is an characteristic morphology of coarse martensite laths and some of them are orthogonal to each other. When normalization cooling rate is slowly at 1°C/min, the hardness dropped under the lower limit at reduced normalization temperatures and the microstructure consist of polygonized ferrite and carbide precipitates. SEM and TEM observation indicated that with the increasing normalization temperature the ferrite morphology transforms from coarse polygonized to finer equiaxed, and carbide precipitates not only along boundaries but also within the grain, at the same tine rod shape carbides formed at 1000°C normalization.
Study on Influence Factors of Co-Crystallized P2O5 in Phosphogypsum Formation and its Mechanism
Authors: Li Mei , Peng Jia Hui , Ning Ting Jian
Published: July 2011

Influence factors of co-crystallized (lattice) P2O5 were investigated from the dihydrate process conditions and aimed to optimize the process conditions and reduce the co-crystallized (lattice) P2O5 content in phosphogypsum. It is found that: 1) reaction temperature, P2O5 concentration in liquid phase and SO3 concentration in liquid phase are main factors influencing the content of co-crystallized (lattice) P2O5; 2) increasing the reaction temperature, can reduce the supersaturation ratio of the crystallization, decrease the solution viscosity, which help ions diffusion and reduce the content of co-crystallized (lattice) P2O5; 3) improvement of SO3 concentration in liquid phase can increase the collision probability between calcium sulfate lattice and SO42-, reduce the Ca2+ concentration and prevent the dissociation of phosphoric acid, so HPO42- concentration does not increase, thereby reducing content of co-crystallized (lattice) P2O5; 4) increasing the P2O5 concentration in liquid phase will lead to a corresponding increase of the HPO42- concentration, solution viscosity increasing, diffusion problems, and deterioration of crystallization conditions, which increased the content of co-crystallized (lattice) P2O5; 5) the formation mechanism of co-crystallized (lattice) P2O5 is: any changes in the reaction system whatever can make the local concentration or average concentration of Ca2+ and HPO42- in the solution increased, will increase the probability of the formation of co-crystallized (lattice) P2O5.
Research on Hydration Mechanism of 50% Portland Cement–50% Fly Ash Systems with TA and NMR Techniques
Authors: Tan Li Xin , Huang Shao Long , Han Ji Yu , Ding Qing Jun
Published: July 2011

In this article, research on hydration mechanism of 50% Portland cement–50% ﬂy ash(FA) systems has been carried out with TAM AIR Isothermal Calorimete (TA) and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) spectroscopy. The research was including hydration heat liberation behavior and nanostructure of C-S-H gel in hydrated cement systems. The addition of fly ash could observably reduce the total hydration heat and the mean chain length (MCL) of C-S-H gel was found to be and respectively for 7-day-old and 28-day-old.
Study on Grinding Dynamics of Phosphorous Slag Prepared by Vibration Mill
Authors: Xu Xun
Published: July 2011

The grinding dynamics of phosphorous slag has been studied by vibration mill, and relational grinding rate equations of phosphorous slag have been derived. The results show that specific surface area,characteristic diameter and uniformity coefficientof ground phosphorous slag powder are in lineal relation to logarithmic or log-log-arithmic of grinding time. When grinding time is from 0 to 30 minutes, grinding efficiency is higher and specific surface area has higher growth rate
Evaluating Plain Concrete Flexural Toughness Using PCER Method
Authors: Han Jian Guo , Yan Pei Yu , Li Gang Ling
Published: July 2011

Using PCER (post-crack energy ratio) method, the influence of strength grade and curing age on flexural toughness of plain concrete were analyzed. Results show that along with the increase of strength grade and curing age, the flexural toughness of plain concrete decrease; and along with the increase of the K value used in the calculating equation, the flexural toughness of plain concrete decrease too. Meanwhile, the changing tendency of PCER value along with the K value manifests that when evaluating the flexural toughness of different quality concrete, the same K value should be used.
Influence of p/i Interface Treatment on the Flexible Thin Film Solar Cells for Application in Building Integrated Photovoltaics
Authors: Lei Jin Song , Zou Yin Sheng , Zhang Zhao Qiang
Published: July 2011

Nip type flexible a-Si solar cells for application in building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) were deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method. In order to improve the efficiency and stability of the device, p-type microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si:H) film was used as the window layers. H plasma treatment was applied on the p/i interface and nucleation layer was introduced to enhance the deposition of p-type μc-Si:H film on the surface of a-Si:H. Results suggest that with the application of H plasma treatment and the nucleation layer introduction, high quality p-type μc-Si:H film and high efficiency flexible solar cells were obtained.
Synthesis and Characterization of the Positive Electrode Material LiFePO4/C under Different Microwave Heating Time
Authors: Wang Heng , Chang Qing , Shi Jian Peng
Published: July 2011

The precursors of LiFePO4 were prepared by a sol-gel method using lithium acetate dehyd- rate, phosphoric acid, ferrous sulfate, and citric acid as raw materials. LiFePO4/C cathode material was synthesized by microwave method. The effect of different microwave time on the performance of the resulting LiFePO4/C was investigated. Structural characterization by X-ray diffraction and scann- ing electron microscopy proved that the phase LiFePO4 was synthesized under the optimal conditions of microwave 10 min(600W), the charge-discharge performance indicated that the LiFePO4/C had a maximal specific discharge capacity of 122.5 mAh•g-1 (0.1C) in the first cycle and improve capacity retention. Further AC impendence measurements indicate the sample produced by microwave 10 min shows the low charge transfer resistance.
Transesterification of Cotton-Seed Oil by Heterogeneous Solid Super Base KF/MgO Catalyst
Authors: Fan Yun Long , Zhang Wan Quan , Yang Liu , Hu Dong Lin , Zhu Li Xin , Liu Chen Jiang
Published: July 2011

An environmentally benign process was developed for the production of biodiesel from cotton-seed oil using KF loaded with MgO as a heterogeneous solid super base catalyst. The 20 wt% KF/MgO, after desiccated at 120 oC for 4 h, was found to be the optimum catalyst. Hammett indicator method, XRD, SEM and IR were employed for the catalyst characterization. The results showed the activity of the catalysts was correlated with their basicity. The influence of various reaction variables on the conversion, such as the molar ratio of methanol to cotton-seed oil, the catalyst amount, the reaction time and temperature were also discussed. When the transesterification reaction was carried out at reflux of methanol (65 oC), with a molar ratio of methanol to cotton-seed oil 12 : 1, a reaction time 2.5 h and a catalyst amount 2.5 wt%, the highest conversion of cotton-seed oil reached 99.14%.
Characterization of the Aging Behavior of Microorganism Coagulated Natural Rubber
Authors: Luo Wen Jie , Li Si Dong , Liao Shuang Quan , Fang Lin , Wang Zhi Fen
Published: July 2011

The characterization of the aging behavior of raw natural rubber (NR) coagulated by microorganisms (NR-m) was performed on a rubber processing analyzer (RPA) by tests of frequency sweep, strain sweep and stress relaxation, respectively. With the prolongation of the aging time, the storage modulus (G'), storage torque (S'), complex viscosity (η*) and stress relaxation time of raw NR-m decreased while the damping factor (tanδ) were increased. As the oscillation frequency was increasing, the G' rose gradually but the tanδ decreased. The η*diminished over the whole range of frequency shear rate (γƒ) values. Its change remained all almost the same at low strain shear rate (γs) but began to decrease sharply when the rate reached a higher value. The S' soared up in the region of less than 10°, but began to slow down after that point.
Theoretical Investigation on the Structure and Optical Properties of Alq3 and its Difluorinated Derivatives
Authors: Liu Xiao Cun , Ji Yan Ju , Fu Gang , Wang Feng Xiang , Chen Ying , Sun Zhao Peng
Published: July 2011

The structures of tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) and its difluorinated derivatives were optimized for the ground state at the B3LYP/6-31G* level and for the excited-state at the CIS/6-31G* level. At the same time, the absorption and emission spectra based on the above structures were calculated by the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) using the PBE0 method with the 6-31G* set. A significant red shift was predicted for 3,5-difluoro-substituted Alq3 while a significant blue shift for 4,6-difluoro-substituted Alq3. In addition, the reorganization energies for electron carriers (λe) were predicted and it was found that the derivatives are potential materials for electron transport.
Crystal Structure of Aromatic Polysulfones Containing Biphenylene Units
Authors: Zulkifli Ahmad
Published: July 2011

Crystal structure of an aromatic polysulfones containing biphenylene units was elucidated using diffraction simulation technique extracted from X-ray data and interfaced with computational modeling. The chain conformations and configurations were derived from a synthesized oligomer and several analogous structure of past studies. It was found that the polymer adopt an orthorhombic Cmcm with the adjacent aromatic rings attached to the sulfone linkage orthogonal to each other whilst the biphenylene unit are coplanar. The chain conformation and crystal systems are consistent with the analogous polymer containing wholly uniphenylene unit.
The Interaction between a Screw Dipole in Matrix and an Elliptical Inhomogeneity Containing a Confocal Crack
Authors: Yu Min , Liu You Wen
Published: July 2011

The interaction between a screw dipole inside the matrix and an elastic elliptical inhomogeneity containing a confocal crack under longitudinal shear is investigated. By using the complex method of elasticity, singularity analysis of stress function and Riemann boundary problem, the complex functions of matrix and inhomogeneity are obtained in the series form. And the singularity stress field of matrix, the image force and image torque acting on the center of screw dipole and the stress intensity factor of crack tip are deduced. Then the influence of the dip angle of screw dipole, the size of inhomogeneity and the misfit of materials on image force, torque of couple and the stress intensity are analyzed. The results show that the image force varies periodically as and there is two critical value of to make image force getting its maximum and minimum; the decreasing of relative shear modulus and the increasing of inhomogeneity may lead to the increasing of image force; the variation of will change the direction of screw dipole on stress intensity factor.
Dehydration of Fructose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Catalyzed by Alkaline Ionic Liquid
Authors: Qu Yong Shui , Song Yan Lei , Huang Chong Pin , Zhang Jie , Chen Biao Hua
Published: July 2011

The preparation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) through the dehydration of fructose with room temperature ionic liquids (ILs) has received much attention as a way of producing liquid fuels from renewable resources, but the cost of the process is considerably increased with IL as a solvent rather than as a catalyst. In this work, we have shown that the alkaline Ionic Liquid, 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Hydroxide ([BMIM]OH), can be used as a catalyst in the conversion of fructose to 5-HMF. The maximum yield of 5-HMF was 91.6% at 160 °C after 8 h using dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as solvent, and the ketose is more easily dehydrated than aldose in this catalyst system.
Preparation of BiXY(2-X)O3 and its Photocatalytic Degradation of Molasses Fermentation Wastewater under Visible-Light Irradiation
Authors: Fan Min Guang , Qin Zu Zeng , Liu Zi Li , Su Tong Ming
Published: July 2011

A series of BixY(2-x)O3 photocatalysts were successfully prepared by a solid-state reaction and were subsequently characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra revealed that the BixY(2-x)O3 samples absorbed light in the visible-light range (400-800 nm). The XPS results indicated that active oxygen species were generated on the Bi1.8Y0.2O3 surface, which displayed a higher photocatalytic activity. When using photocatalytic degradation molasses fermentation wastewater as a model reaction, the Bi1.8Y0.2O3 showed higher photocatalytic activity in comparison to Bi0.2Y1.8O3 under visible-light irradiation.
Study of Benzene Hydrogenation on Ni/Bentonite Catalyst
Authors: Zhang Rong Bin , Wang Liang , Ju Yan
Published: July 2011

Ni-based catalysts supported on bentonite, Al2O3 and SiO2 were prepared and characterized by the techniques of BET, XRD, TPR, H2-TPD. Benzene hydrogenation was chosen as a probe reaction to evaluate the catalytic activity and the results shown that bentonite supporting Ni catalyst(Ni/Bentonite) was more active than catalysts supported on Al2O3 and SiO2 in benzene hydrogenation. XRD and hydrogen chemisorption analyses indicated that the higher activity of Ni/Bentonite could be associated with the smaller particle sizes and better dispersion of Ni. The strong interaction between Ni and bentonite support might prevent the growth of Ni particles, as evidenced by TPR results. TPD analysis demonstrated that Ni/Bentonite adsorbed more hydrogen under reaction condition, thus resulting in its higher activity.
Study Defoaming Properties of Water-Based Varnish
Authors: Zhao De Ping , Huang Bei Qing , Wei Xian Fu , Zhang Shi Bo
Published: July 2011

Water-based varnish is prone to generate a lot of bubbles when it is processed or used. The bubbles can cause coating defects during coating, so the film quality is not very well. Adding defoamer in varnish can quickly eliminate the bubbles. Changing the type and amount of the defoamer prepared varnish and tested its defoaming properties to discussion the influence of defoamer on defoaming properties of water-based varnish. The results show that the performance of different defoamers defoaming is different, and Foamex 810 has the best defoaming properties. The amount of adding defoamer impacts defoaming properties to a certain extent. When water-based varnish added Foamex 810 with the amount of 1% in, the defoaming efficiency comes to the peak 96%.
A Novel Catalyst for the Preparation of Biodegradable Polycarbonate from Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Qin Gang , Fan Li Dan , Zhang Rui , Cao Shao Kui
Published: July 2011

A catalyst of BTPD-Zn (BTPD= N,N’-Bis(2-thiophenecarboxaldehy) o-phenylenediamine) has been found to be active toward the copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide and carbon dioxide, and a kind of good biodegradable material named poly(cyclohexene carbonate) is prepared with turnover number of 105.8 in 100°C. The molar fraction (fc) of polycarbonate in copolymer is 96%. The obtained copolymers were characterized by IR and NMR.
Study on the Influence of PH Value on the Plastic Water-Based Gravure Ink
Authors: Sun Jia Zhen , Huang Bei Qing , Wei Xian Fu , Zha Yi Chun
Published: July 2011

In order to study the influence of pH value on the plastic water-based gravure ink, the primary ink that is dispersed by high-speed grinding is maxed with good- compatible water-based resin (solution resin) and promoter in proportion. Getting the different pH value of ink samples by two methods, one way is the Amine neutralizers were added in the ink samples, the other is alkaline substances of the ink samples were volatilized by raising temperature. The influence of the pH value to the property of ink was analyzed by testing the pH value, viscosity, stetting, and glossiness of the proofs. The result indicates that changing the pH value of ink will affect the viscosity of ink. The pH value can influent the release of the resin in the ink to the solvent, so the dryness of ink was also influenced. The pH value of water-based ink has a certain influence to the glossiness of the proofs.
Numerical Analysis for Earth Structure Sitting on Liquefiable Soils in Roller Boundary
Authors: Lu Chih Wei , Gui Meen Wah , Chang Bing Yang
Published: July 2011

In this paper, the authors predict responses of an earth structure due to a dynamic vibration using a 3-dimensional soil-water coupled dynamic analysis. The earth structure sitting on three types of ground which are consisted of liquefiable and un-liquefiable layers is found to settle the most in the ground of which the loose sandy layer is at the top. It shows the most dam settlement occurs in the ground type of which the loose sandy layer is at the bottom. A relative better seismic stability of the earth structure is found to sit on the ground of which the loose sandy layers underlie in the middle.
Influence of Anisotropy Behavior in UOE Process for X80 Micro Alloy Steel
Authors: Moeinifar Sadegh
Published: July 2011

The anisotropy of tensile properties and charpy impact fracture toughness and its relationship with UOE pipe forming has been study on X80 micro alloy steel. All samples selected from 90º and 180º of pipes in transverse and longitudinal orientations after UOE forming. The steel was supplied as a hot rolled plate with accelerated cooling. Microstructure of the micro alloy steel was various combinations of acicular ferrite, granular ferrite and M/A phases. Charpy impact fracture toughness tests were carried out in -50 °C to 0 °C. Minimum and maximum yield strength appears in the 180º and 90º of pipe in longitudinal and transverse orientations respectively. Increasing in the yield strength related to minimum amount was about 5.8 % after UOE forming. Comparison between yield strength after and before forming appears increased about 6.9 % due to forming. With decreasing in the test temperature from -50 °C to 0 °C, fracture energy decrease up to 0.9 % that it’s very little and relinquishment. However for samples that fractured in the temperature of -50 °C difference between highest and lowest energy was about 5.9 %. Charpy test results appear that fine M/A phase not a major factor on decrease of upper shelf energy, if homogenize distributed in the acicular ferrite matrix.
Study on the Influence Factors of ZnFe2O4 and TiO2 Composite Films Photoelectrocatalytic Properties
Authors: Hou Gui Qin , Zhang Wen Li , Gao Shui Jing , Wang Xiao Yan
Published: July 2011

The ZnFe2O4 and TiO2 nanocomposite films was prepared by Sol-Gel method on conductive glass, and the influence factors of it’s photoelectrocatalytic performence such as the film layer, pole and voltage was investigated. The results indicated that: the photocatalytic effects of composite films with ZnFe2O4+ TiO2+ ZnFe2O4 was the best. The decomposing ratio of methyl orange with the photoelectrocatalysis of composite films at voltage 0.2-6V all increased unstably.At the same time, the distance from films to pole plank also had the effects on the photocatalytic activities of the films.
Structural and Electrical Properties of PVC-NH4CF3SO3-EC Proton Conducting Electrolyte System
Authors: Deraman Siti Khatijah , Mohamed Nor Sabirin , Subban R.H.Y.
Published: July 2011

Poly (vinyl) chloride (PVC)-based proton conducting polymer electrolytes have been prepared by solution cast technique. The effect of addition of ethylene carbonate (EC) as the plasticizer on the structural property of the prepared proton conducting polymer electrolyte system was investigated by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) while its effect on electrical property was investigated by Impedance Spectroscopy (IS). With addition of plasticizer, the crystalline nature of the polymer was found to be disrupted as revealed by X-Ray diffraction. FTIR showed interactions between Cl- and H+ which was accounted by shifts in the bands of Cl-. Ionic conductivity was found to be 3.06 x 10 -5 S cm-1 at room temperature (300 K) for the films containing 95 wt. % (PVC -NH4CF3SO3) –5 wt. % EC.
Effect of Sputtering Parameters on the Property of TaNx/Ag/TaNx Low-Emissivity Film
Authors: Huang Jia Mu , Hao Xiao Pei , Wu Meng , Hu Ge Tao
Published: July 2011

The effect of deposition parameters such as sputtering power, nitrogen flow rate and thickness of TaNx on the optical performance and chemical durability of composite Tantalum nitride /Ag/ tantalum nitride (TaNx/Ag/TaNx) films was investigated. When the configuration of composite film was TaNx (60nm)/Ag (12nm)/TaNx (60nm) accompanying with the sputtering power 120W and the nitrogen flow rate 50sccm, the visible light transmittance of composite film could reach up to 80% at the wavelength of 550nm and the emissivity was 0.087. In addition, the chemical durability of the coatings was evaluated and the results indicated that the low-e coating presented very good chemical durability.
ZnO Films Deposited on Various Diamond Film Substrates with Different Surface Roughness
Authors: Fan Rong , Wang Lin Jun , Huang Jian , Tang Ke , Zhang Ji Jun , Shi Wei Min , Xia Yi Ben
Published: July 2011

ZnO thin films were deposited by radio frequency (R. F.) magnetron sputtering on various diamond film substrates with different surface roughness. The influence of surface roughness on structural properties and surface morphology of ZnO thin films was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atom force microscopy (AFM), respectively. Only on the nanocrystalline and free-standing diamond substrates, ZnO films with preferential c-axis orientation and smooth surface were obtained.
Effect of Nano-TiO2 Antibacterial Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Cotton Fabric
Authors: Jin Yan Ping , Pan Zai Fa , Li Wu Sheng , Chen Min Zhi , Zou Feng Yuan
Published: July 2011

In order to have a better understanding of mechanical properties of the Nano-TiO2antibacterial cotton fabric, FAST system was used to measure the compression, bending, shearing, extension and other low stress mechanical properties of cotton fabrics with and without treated by Nano-TiO2antibacterial. The structural parameter and dimensional stability are also tested. Results indicated that weight, weft density, surface thickness, bending, formability, shearing and relaxation shrinkage of weft direction are all increased slightly, while shearing at warp 45°, relaxation shrinkage of warp direction and hygral expansion decreased. As a whole, most of the mechanical properties are still within the normal range and some is even better.
Temperature Effect on Phase Formation of Nanocrystalline Bismuth Titanate Synthesized via Hot Injection Method
Authors: Yong Shih Ween , Khairi Osman Hartini , Koh Pei Wen , Lee Siew Ling
Published: July 2011

Nanocrystalline bismuth titanate materials were synthesized via hot injection method for the first time. Bismuth nitrate and titanium butoxide were used as precursors of Bi and Ti, respectively. The synthesis method was modified to use aqueous solution as the solvent instead of non coordinating solvent which enable production of nanosized compounds at lower reaction temperature. During the synthesis process, titanium precursor was injected into mixture of bismuth nitrate and oleic acid at 130°C, leading to a rapid burst nucleation and followed by nuclei growth at room temperature. The synthesized compound was heated at various temperatures. XRD results showed formation of cubic phase bismuth titanate compound with space group of Fm3m at room temperature after the reaction. Presence of cubic phase bismuth titanate compound with space group of I23 was observed as secondary phase at 300°C. Meanwhile, a single phase cubic form, space group I23 was obtained for material synthesized at 600°C. FESEM images indicated nano particles of bismuth titanate materials were produced at lower temperatures. However, sintering effect was observed in material heated at 600°C, resulting micro-sized particles.
Preparation of SiO2/PPS Fiber and Study of its Heat-Resistant Properties
Authors: Sheng Xiang Qian , Zhang Rui Ping , Niu Mei , Yang Han , Dai Jin Ming , Gao Li Bin
Published: July 2011

Through the addition of nano-silicon dioxide in the pure polyphenylene sulfide, the masterbatches were obtained, then using melt spinning technology to prepare SiO2/PPS fiber. The structure and heat-resistant properties of samples were characterized by transmission election microscopy (TEM), infrared spectrum (IR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and other measurements. The experiment results indicate that the mechanical and heat resistance properties of PPS fiber were improved after adding the content of 1%wt nano-silicon dioxide. When the fiber was heated at 230°C for 24 hours, the breaking strength and elongation increased by 2.412cN/dtex and 11.90% compared to the pure PPS fiber. Moreover, the working temperature raised by 50°C.
The Assessment of Communication Problem and Effect for Product Form
Authors: You Jang Shyong , Gu Chieh Lun
Published: July 2011

In dealing with communications problems, this paper found through industry interviews that different form communication tools are used during the form phase in accordance with different product types and that external communication is more difficult than internal communication. In practice, communication tools of sketch and 3D computer graphics are most commonly used. While sketch can be used to quickly make a proposal, client understanding is somewhat inadequate. On the other hand, while 3D computer graphics can be used for clear expression, they require more work time on the part of designers. As a result, this paper introduces a communication tool of 2D and 3D integrated computer graphics to integrate the advantages of both types of tools and then assesses the effectiveness of the tool and sketch. Research results for communications effectiveness showed that the efficiency of sketch was increased. In terms of quality and satisfaction, different factors produced varying evaluation results. If computer graphics software can be integrated as one, realize details, and improve the 3D computer graphics capabilities of designer, then 2D and 3D integrated computer graphics can lead to great improvements in communications efficiency, quality, and satisfaction, achieving the advantages of instant feedback and common consensus with client. These results can be used as a basis and a reference for improvements in arts, design education and industry development.
Effect Analysis of Different Wall Materials on Construction Project Cost
Authors: Ke Chang Jun , Wang Shu Ying , Wang Hao , Yuan Bing
Published: July 2011

Economy was compared for same building with price and cost of wall material, the other building materials (such as steel bars and pipe pile) and the cost for building energy efficiency. The results shown, Cost effect of wall material and cost difference of other building materials (such as steel bars and pipe pile) because of wall material weight difference are few for building cost. Building energy efficiency cost effect of wall material is significant for building cost. For high-rise frame structure, autoclaved aerated concrete block is inexpensive wall material.
Study on the Control of Selenium Emission During Coal Gasification
Authors: Du Wen Yue , Shuai Qin , Yang Li Wei
Published: July 2011

The volatilization behavior of Seleenium in coal / coal char was studied by determining the concentration of Se with AFS at H2O(Ar) atmosphere in high-temperature tube furnace. The inhibition effects on the volatilization of Se with calcium-based material (CaO) and nano materials Fe3O4 as absorbents were studied during coal gasification. The results show that the volatilization rates of Se, rising with the temperature of gasification, can be effectively controlled with the absorbent of CaO. Because CaO can reacts with Se produce CaSeO4, a more stable compoud. Nano-Fe3O4 can enhance the ability of CaO to inhibit the volatilization of selenium, it is because not only can promote more CaSeO4, while also reducing the possibility of its decomposition.
Study on Application of Extrusion Concrete Side Wall in Concrete Face Rock Fill Dam
Authors: Xu Cun Dong , Wang Yan , Hou Hui Min , Li Hai Cheng
Published: July 2011

Compared with the traditional upstream dam slope construction method, the extrusion side wall technology has many advantages. such as less process steps, little interference, quick construction speed etc ,So it arouse more and more attention in the engineer design and construction fields . The technology of extrusion concrete side wall applied to the construction of concrete face rockfill dam in the Bailian river storage power station, machinery and equipment were used on the cushion material to form a concrete wall extrusion , which avoid the traditional process of Ultra-filled cushion material, rolling slopes, cut slopes and other complicated process, not only ensure the quality, but also improve the stress state of the panel.
Modeling for the Print-Through Prejudging Based on the Optical Density Difference
Authors: Yang Yong Gang
Published: July 2011

In order to control the print-through, the value of print-through resistance (PTR for short) was put forward to predict the print-through of lithograph. For 5 given paper samples, the relationships between their PTR and print-through (expressed with ΔD) was explored under three sets of printing condition in this paper. The results showed that the PTR increase could lead to decrease of the print-through value. In particular, no matter what kind of conditions, the print-through value was almost smaller than 0.04 when the PTR of those paper samples was larger than 72%, which seems to be the absence of print-through phenomenon.
Depression Performance of Azo Dyes to Sulfide Minerals
Authors: Lan Li Hong , Chen Jian Hua , Lan Ping , Liang Mei Lian , Chen Ye
Published: July 2011

Azo dyes have strong hydrophilic and good adhesion to solid surface. In this study, 23 kinds of typical azo compounds were tested as depressant of sulfide minerals. Absorption of azo compound on mineral surfaces was detected by UV. The result shows that some of them can be good depressants of single sulfide minerals. With the number of azo group increasing from 1 to 3, depression performances are improved. On the other hand, depression performances of azo dye are related to the type of group and the location of phenyls，the results of adsorption and the frontier molecular orbital energy calculation may be used to explain depression performances of azo dyes.
Novel CO2 Capturer Derived from SBA-15 Monolith Coated with Amine
Authors: Han Kun Kun , Zhou Yu , Wen Jing Jia , Zhu Jian Hua
Published: July 2011

A new strategy of preparing the efficient CO2 adsorbent without further molding is reported in this article. This novel shaped CO2 capturer is obtained by coating amine on the SBA-15 monolith with a specific 3D net-linked morphology that favors the accessibility of amine guest in the channel. The resulting composites are characterized with XRD, N2 adsorption, SEM and TEM techniques, and their adsorptive ability is assessed with CO2-TPD test, offering a high adsorption capacity of 144 mg g-1and stable cyclic adsorption-desorption performance for potential application.
Study on the Calcination of Titanium Silicalite Zeolite (TS-1)
Authors: Liu Ying , Zhang Ying Ying , Yang Tian Yu , He Wei Lu
Published: July 2011

The calcination process of titanium silicalite zeolite TS-1, which was prepared by hydrothermal method, was investigated using TG-DTA, XRD, FT-IR and SEM. With TG-DTA analysis, it has been observed that the crystal form was not changed after calcination under 1073K and the amount of template removal from zeolite channels was not affected by heating rate. The photographs of SEM showed that calcined TS-1 crystal morphology was integrated under 823K, but ruptured at 923K. Analyzing FT-IR with XRD results, the calcination process changed the cell parameter and unit cell volume, and increased the crystallinity of zeolite TS-1.
Study on the Preparation of Fe2Mo3O12 and its Negative Thermal Expansion Property
Authors: Liu Qin Qin , Yang Juan , Cheng Xiao Nong
Published: July 2011

The title compound Fe2Mo3O12 is prepared using a wet chemical method from aqueous solutions of ferrous nitrate and ammonium molybdate. The various process parameters were optimized to get a suitable precursor, which upon calcination at 700°C for 2 h gave a well crystalline product. The product was characterized by powder XRD to have a monoclinic unit cell of Fe2Mo3O12. Its thermal expansion property was investigated by thermomechanical analyzer and high-temperature XRD. The typical monoclinic to orthorhombic phase transition happened at about 500°C, and Fe2Mo3O12 shows great NTE (macro -13.43×10-6°C-1 and micro -21.77×10-6°C-1) property during the temperature range from 500°C to 800°C.
Characterization of (ENR-50)-Ionic Liquid Based Electrolyte System
Authors: Zainal Norazlin , Idris Razali , Nor Sabirin Mohamed
Published: July 2011

Ionic liquid based on imidazolium cation; 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (EMITFSI) has been incorporated with epoxidized natural rubber-50 (ENR-50) and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) to obtain electrolyte material. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra showed evidence of complexation between ENR-50, EMITFSI and LiTFSI. Glass transition temperature, Tg displayed an increasing trend with increase in salt concentration. The incorporation of EMITFSI resulted in an increase in ionic conductivity. The increase in ionic conductivity was attributed to the role of ionic liquid which reduced Tg, thus, facilitated ion conduction in the system. The highest ionic conductivity at room temperature was 5.72 ´ 10-4 S cm-1 for sample containing 20 wt% of EMITFSI and 50 wt% of LiTFSI.
Research on the Contraction Joint Width of Rubberized Concrete Pavement
Authors: Qin Feng , He Zhuang Bin , Huang Qiong Nian
Published: July 2011

This paper describes the calculation analysis of joint open, and the research has been carried up on Portland cement concrete pavement and rubberized concrete pavement with the consideration of hogging distortion caused by temperature, expansion deformation and drying shrinkage. Finally ,it were observed that joint open of 6m contraction joint spacing for rubberized concrete pavement is the same as 4.5m contraction joint spacing for Portland cement concrete pavement. The above analysis provides the possibility of 6-meter contraction joint spacing for rubberized concrete pavement which give theoretical basis for engineering application.
Synthesis of SiC Nanowires with Silica Sol and Carbon Black
Authors: Wei Yi , Wang Fu , Cao Wen Bin
Published: July 2011

Nanometer-sized β-SiC were synthesized by carbothermal reduction of silica sol with acetylene carbon black at 1600 °C for 2h. Three kinds (straight, bamboo-like, branch-like) of SiC nanowires were deposited on the graphite plate, while SiC particle agglomerates and nanowires were formed in the graphite crucible. All the nanowires were formed via VS mechanism through the reaction between gaseous SiO and CO produced from the process of carbothermal reduction.