bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Managing Malaria in Pregnancy Policy Interventions in A Challenging Environment: an Ethnographic Study of two Ghanaian Administrative Regions
Authors: Aberese-Ako Matilda , Magnussen Pascal , Gyapong Margaret , Ampofo Gifty Dufie , Tagbor Harry
Published: June 2020

Background: Malaria in pregnancy (MiP) is an important public health problem across sub Saharan Africa. Regular use of Long-Lasting Insecticide treated bed Nets (LLINs), directly observed administration (DOT) of intermittent preventive treatment with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) and prompt and effective case management of MiP has constituted the package of measures for its control in Ghana in the last 20 years. Unfortunately, Ghana like other sub Saharan African countries did not achieve the reset Abuja targets of 100% of pregnant women having access to IPTp and 100% use of LLINs by 2015. Methods: This ethnographic study explored how managers dealt with existing MiP policy implementation and arrangement challenges and the consequences on clients’ access to MiP interventions, using observations with conversations, in-depth interviews and case studies in eight health facilities and twelve communities for twelve months, in two Administrative regions in Ghana. The University of Health and Allied Sciences’ Research Ethics Committee approved the study [UHAS-REC/A.I Ul 17-18]. Results: Managers addressed frequent stock outs of malaria programme drugs and supplies from the National Malaria Control Programme and delayed reimbursement from the NHIS, by instituting co-payment, rationing drugs and relaxing the DOTs policy. This ensured that facilities had funds to pay creditors, purchase drugs and supplies in order to ensure continued service delivery. Clients who could afford the cost of maternal and MiP services and those who had previously benefitted from such services were happy to access uninterrupted services. Whilst clients who could not afford the cost of services resorted to health care shopping, delaying in starting ANC and skipping scheduled ANC visits. Consequently, some clients did not receive the recommended five+ doses of SP, others did not obtain LLINs early and some did not obtain recommended treatment for MiP. Frontline workers felt frustrated and demotivated, because sometimes they could not provide comprehensive care to clients who could not afford it. Conclusion: For Ghana to achieve her goal of controlling MiP, the Ministry of Health and other supporting institutions need to ensure prompt reimbursement of funds, the supply of programme drugs and medical supplies to public, faith based and private health facilities.
Acute Mountain Sickness in the Pyrenees: an observational cross-sectional study
Authors: Weisweiler Clara , Ayala Marc , Soteras Iñigo , Subirats Enric , Trullàs Joan Carles
Published: June 2020

Background

The prevalence of acute mountain sickness (AMS) ranges between 15% and 80% depending on the absolute altitude reached, speed of ascent, and individual susceptibility. However, there is a lack of information regarding AMS at moderate to high altitudes (2,500-3,500 m) and, even less, in the Pyrenees. Our aim is to determine the prevalence and risk factor of AMS in the Pyrenees.
Methods

A cross-sectional study including mountaineers who climbed a mountain with a height greater than 2,500 m in the Pyrenees region during July and August 2019. Sociodemographic data, medical history and activity information were collected using a questionnaire. The diagnosis of AMS was based on the 2018 modified Lake Louise Score. A logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association of different variables (risk factors) and AMS.
Results

From 437 participants, 117 met diagnostic criteria of AMS, establishing a prevalence of 26.7% (95% confidence interval: 22.6%-30.9%). Individuals affected by AMS had mild (88%) or moderate (12%) affection. The most common symptoms (in addition to headache which is mandatory for AMS diagnosis) were fatigue or weakness, gastrointestinal symptoms and dizziness. In an adjusted multivariate analysis, heavy perceived exertion, bad physical condition, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use and previous history of altitude illness were independent risk factors for developing AMS.
Conclusions

One fourth of climbers in the Pyrenees experienced mild or moderate AMS. Previous history of AMS, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use and other modifiable risk factors such as physical exertion and physical condition were strong and independent predictors of AMS. These findings suggest that educational/informational programs for individuals planning to climb to moderate-high altitudes in the Pyrenees may contribute to prevent AMS.
Pediatric Triage Variations Among Nurses, Pediatric and Emergency Residents Using the Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale
Authors: Alshaibi Saleh , AlBassri Tala , AlQeuflie Suliman , Philip Winnie , Alharthy Nesrin
Published: June 2020

Background

Emergency care continues to be a challenge, since patients’ arrival is unscheduled and simultaneous which may fill the Emergency Department with non-urgent patients. Triaging is an integral part of every busy ED. The Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS) is considered to be the most accurate and reliable tool for patient assessment worldwide. This study aims to identify the chosen triage level and compare the variation between registered nurses, pediatric and adult emergency residents by using CTAS cases.

Methodology

This study was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Saudi Arabia. A prospective self-administered questionnaire was used, and which contains 15 case scenarios with different triage levels. All cases were adopted from a Canadian triage course after receiving permission. Each case provides the patient’s symptoms, clinical signs and mode of arrival to the ED. The participants were instructed to assign a triage level using the following scale: 1=resuscitation, 2=emergent, 3=urgent, 4=less urgent, and 5=non-urgent. A non-random sampling technique was used for this study.

Result

A total of 151 participants completed the study questionnaire. 73 (48.34%) were nurses and 78 (51.66%) were residents (42 pediatric residents and 36 emergency residents).

Each participant was given a score based on the correct answer for the case scenario. A mean score was compared among the nurses, pediatric residents and emergency residents. Since our data were not normally distributed, we used the Kruskal-Wallis test to observe statistical differences between the groups. The Kruskal Wallis Post-Hoc test was performed to see which groups were statistically significant, and it was found that there was a significant difference between nurses and pediatrics residents (P value < 0.001). Moreover, there were no significant differences found between nurses and ER residents (P value > 0.05).

Conclusion

The triaging system was found to be a very important tool to prioritize patients based on their complaints. The results showed that nurses had the greatest experience in implementing patients on the right triage level. On the other hand, ER and pediatric residents demonstrated a need to develop more knowledge about CTAS and become exposed more to the triaging system during their training.
Specific DNA Mini-Barcoding for Identification of Gekko Gecko and Its Products
Authors: Su Yanyan , Ding Dandan , Yao Mengjie , Wu Lan , Dong Gangqiang , Zhang Dong , Chen Shilin , Xiang Li
Published: June 2020

Background: The dry body of the Tokay Gecko (Gekko gecko) is the source of a valuable traditional Chinese medicine, it is therefore listed as a Class II protected animal species in China. Due to increasing market demand and a declining supply of the species, a considerable number of adulterants have emerged in the market. Thus, it is necessary to establish an accurate and rapid method of identification for distinguishing G. gecko from its adulterants and for separating it from highly processed products.Methods: A total of 274 COI sequences were analyzed by using MEGA 5.0 software. Several specific primers were designed to amplify mini-barcode regions and identify G. gecko from its counterfeits and products.Results: 274 COI sequences of 16 G. gecko species and adulterants were analyzed. G. gecko could be distinguished from its adulterants through BLAST analysis, intra- and inter-specific distance analyses, and an NJ tree based on COI sequences. Two pairs of specific primers designed for this study, COISF2/COISR2 and COISF3/COISR3, amplified 200- and 133-bp fragments of the COI region, respectively, both of which were suitable for the identification of G. gecko and its adulterants. Furthermore, COISF3/COISR3 detected G. gecko in 15 batches of products.Conclusion: Therefore, the specific DNA mini-barcoding method developed here may be a powerful tool for the identification of G. gecko and counterfeits, and may also be used to distinguish G. gecko from its highly processed by-products.
Analysis of Prognostic Factors in Patients with Paraquat Poisoning for Better Therapy Regimen
Authors: Xu Ying , Chen Yang , Le Jingyun , Chen Zhimin , Wang Hongju , Zhang Ping , He Yongchun , Chen Junru , Chen Jianghua
Published: June 2020

Background

Paraquat poisoning is associated with very high mortality rate and extremely difficult to manage due to lack of antidotes. The purpose of this study was to identify prognostic factors after paraquat poisoning and discuss the efficacy of current therapy regimen.
Methods

In this retrospective study, 211 paraquat poisoning cases admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University between 1 June 2010 and 30 April 2016 were enrolled. The demographic characteristic, medical records of clinical features, laboratory parameters, therapy regimen and the prognosis were analyzed.
Results

The overall survival rate was 55.45%. the mean age was 35.85 years old. Twelve patients who ingested paraquat combined with alcohol had a higher survival rate. The patients in survival group ingested less amount of paraquat, presented with lower serum creatinine level at admission, developed lower incidence of acute kidney injury and pulmonary CT deterioration. The survivors were treated with higher dosage of methylprednisolone, daily dose of aspirin, daily dose of rapamycin and lower dose of vitamin C. The frequency of hemoperfusion was much more in the survival group. The Cox regression survival analysis demonstrated larger amount of paraquat ingestion, abnormal renal function at admission or developing acute kidney injury (AKI) after admission were independent risk factors for mortality. Higher dose of methylprednisolone and aspirin were independent protective prognostic factors.
Conclusions

Non-survivor characteristics are larger amount of paraquat ingestion, manifestation of abnormal renal function at admission or developing AKI after admission, whereas the survivor characteristics are higher dose of methylprednisolone and aspirin.
Study on the Influence of Temperature on Tire Cornering Stiffness and Aligning Stiffness
Authors: Lu Dang , Lu Lei , Wu HaiDong , Li Lun , Wang Wei , Lv ManYi
Published: June 2020

Based on the results of tire handling test, the cornering properties of the tire at a small range of steer angles under different temperature are obtained, and the variation law of the tire cornering characteristic parameters with the tire temperature is obtained. By establishing a tread temperature model and finite element tire model considering temperature, the mechanism of tire mechanical properties with temperature is clarified, and the expression of tread stiffness and aligning stiffness considering temperature is obtained. Then, based on the above expression and the tire brush model considering the tire temperature state, a complex brush model is established. Through the model derivation, the relationship between the temperature and the tire cornering stiffness is obtained. The relationship is used as the basic expression formula to establish the UniTire cornering model considering tire temperature. In order to verify the correctness of the model, four kinds of temperature state cornering data are used for parameter identification, and the tire cornering properties in the other two temperature states is predicted. The error between the simulation results of the prediction model and the experimental results is very small, which effectively proves the predictive ability of the UniTire cornering model considering tire temperature. This research is helpful to improve the application of UniTire model, and provide theoretical and technical support for UniTire model indoor and outdoor expansion applications
Analysis of clinicopathological and molecular features of crawling-type gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Fujita Yasuko , Uesugi Noriyuki , Sugimoto Ryo , Eizuka Makoto , Toya Yosuke , Akasaka Risaburou , Matsumoto Takayuki , Sugai Tamotsu
Published: June 2020

Background: Crawling-type adenocarcinoma (CRA) is an important gastric cancer (GC) subtype that exhibits a specific histological pattern and has characteristic clinicopathological findings. Despite its characteristic histology, little is known about the molecular characteristics of CRA. Methods: We examined 254 GC cases, including 51 cases of CRA and 126 cases having conventional differentiated adenocarcinomas (CDAs). Results for immunohistochemistry (mucin phenotype; Muc5AC, Muc6, Muc2 and CD10, CDX-2, MLH-1 and β-catenin), mutation analysis ( TP53 , KRAS and BRAF ), microsatellite instability (BAT25, BAT26, D2S123, D5S346 and D17S250), DNA methylation status by a two-panel method ( RUNX3 , MINT31 , LOX, NEUROG1 , ELMO1 and THBD ), MLH-1 promoter methylation, and allelic imbalance (AI; 1p, 3p, 4p, 5q, 8p, 9p, 13q, TP53, 18q and 22q) were examined. Results: CRAs were more likely to occur in the middle third of the stomach, in younger patients and to be macroscopically depressed. Nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and loss of MLH-1 expression were less frequent among CRA cases compared to CDA cases. At a molecular level, CRA is often characterized by the deletion mutation c.529_546 (18-base pair deletion at codon 177-182 in exon 5), in the TP53 gene (10 cases). Although the low methylation epigenotype was significantly more frequent for CRAs compared to CDAs, multiple AIs were more often seen in CRAs relative to CDAs. Conclusions: The results demonstrated that TP53 mutations, particularly c.529_546del, and multiple AIs are closely associated with CRA carcinogenesis. Our results suggest that CRA is an independent entity of GC in terms of clinicopathologic and molecular findings.
Improvement of Near-field Tsunami Forecasting Method Using Ocean Bottom Pressure Sensor Network (S-net)
Authors: Tanioka Yuichiro
Published: June 2020

Since the installation of a dense cabled observation network around the Japan Trench (S-net) by the Japanese government that includs 150 sensors, several tsunami forecasting methods that use the data collected from the ocean floor sensors were developed. One of such methods is the tsunami forecasting method which assimilates the data without any information of earthquakes. The tsunami forecasting method based on the assimilation of the ocean-bottom pressure data near the source area was developed by Tanioka in 2018. However, the method is too simple to be used for an actual station distribution of S-net. To overcome its limitation, we developed an interpolation method to generate the appropriate data at the equally spaced positions for the assimilation from the data observed at sensors in S-net. The method was numerically tested for two large underthrust fault models, a giant earthquake (Mw8.8) and the Nemuro-oki earthquake (Mw8.0) models. Those fault models off Hokkaido in Japan are expected to be ruptured in the future. The weighted interpolation method, in which weights of data are inversely proportional to the square of the distance, showed good results for the tsunami forecast method with the data assimilation. Furthermore, results indicated that the method is applicable to the actual observed data at the S-net stations. The only limitation of the weighted interpolation method is that the computed tsunami wavelengths tend to be longer than the actual tsunamis wavelength.
Effectiveness of mobile text reminder in improving quality of life, medication and physical exercise adherence in patients living with HIV/AIDS: a systematic review
Authors: Ibeneme Sam Chidi , Ndukwu Sandra Chinenye , Myezwa Hellen , Irem Franklin Onyedinma , Ezenwankwo Fortune Elochukwu , Ajidahun Tunde Adedayo , Ezuma Amarachi Destiny , Nnamani Amaka , Onodugo Obinna , Fortwengel Gerhard
Published: June 2020

Background: Mobile text reminders(SMS) is considered a viable strategy for targeting/facilitating healthy behavioural change such as improved adherence to prescribed physical exercises(PE) and medication(antiretroviral therapy-ART) and likewise the quality of life(Qol) in people living with HIV/AIDS(PLWHA). Thus, the literature was appraised for evidence of its effectiveness. Method: A systematic review of eight databases–AMED,CINAHL,Cochrane Library,EMBASE,EMCARE,Ovid MEDLINE,PsycINFO, and PubMed-was conducted using the Cochrane Collaboration Protocol. Only randomized control trials (RCTs) investigating the impact of SMS on either QoL or PE or ART adherence or a combination of these variables in PLWHA were included in the review. Inclusion was not restricted to a particular type, frequency, and duration of intervention or follow-up period after the intervention. Two independent reviewers determined the eligibility of the studies. Data were extracted and the risk of bias was assessed with the PEDro tool. Result: A pooled estimate of effect could not be calculated due to the heterogeneity of methods and outcome measures. Therefore, a narrative synthesis of nine studies that met the inclusion criteria(n=1621 participants at study completion) comprising males/females aged≥18years, was done. There was a significant improvement in medication adherence except in three underpowered studies. However, the effect size of the intervention is not provided in all studies. The only study on the QoL was underpowered and reported no significant change while there were no RCTs on PE. Conclusion: Personalised SMS reminder:3-5times/week x 6months, 30mins before medication time, OR SMS:weekly x 30days, OR SMS:either short or long x daily or weekly x 48weeks, OR customized dynamic SMS:via a personalized cellular phone reminder system(ARemind) with several daily reminder events matching patients ART dosing x 6weeks OR 4educative SMS/week x 4weeks OR real-time SMS reminder triggered by a-30mins delay in medication, with/without usual care, show promising evidence of significant improvement in adherence to ART in PLWHA. However, it is uncertain if the findings are of clinical significance because the effect size is unknown. Moreover, the observed heterogeneity in the methods/outcome measures warrants a cautious interpretation of findings. There is a lack/paucity of RCTs and therefore no evidence of SMS effectiveness on adherence to PE/improvement of QoL.
Protective effect of extracorporeal membrane pulmonary oxygenation combined with cardiopulmonary resuscitation on post-resuscitation lung injury: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ling Jiyang , Li Chunsheng , Zhang Yun , Yuan Xiaoli , Liu Bo , Liang Yong , Zhang Qiang
Published: June 2020

Background: This work examines the protective effect and mechanisms of early extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on ventricular-fibrillation-induced post-resuscitation lung injury in a swine cardiac-arrest model. Methods: Sixteen male swine were randomised to conventional CPR (CCPR; n=8; CCPR alone) and extracorporeal CPR (ECPR; n=8; extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with CCPR), with restoration of spontaneous circulation for 6 h as an endpoint. Serological specimens were collected at baseline and restoration of spontaneous circulation for 1, 2, 4, and 6 h; lung tissue specimens were obtained postmortem. Between-group comparisons of recovery success rate, extravascular lung water , pulmonary vascular permeability index, electron microscopic features, and serum and tissue biomarkers (surfactant protein A, surfactant protein D, Clara cell protein 16, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase) were undertaken. Results: The CCPR group had non-significantly lower 6-h survival rate ( p> 0.05). Serum levels of surfactant protein A, surfactant protein D, Clara cell protein 16, and malondialdehyde were significantly higher ( p< 0.05), whereas serum superoxide dismutase was significantly lower, in the CCPR than in the ECPR group ( p <0.01). Compared with the ECPR group, tissue surfactant protein A, surfactant protein D, and superoxide dismutase significantly decreased compared to the baseline, whereas malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase significantly increased ( p< 0.01) in the CCPR group. Extravascular lung water and pulmonary vascular permeability index were significantly higher in the CCPR after 6 h compared to the baseline values and the ECPR group ( p< 0.01). Conclusions: Electron microscopy revealed mostly vacuolated intracellular alveolar type II lamellar bodies and fuzzy lamellar structure and widening and blurring of the blood–gas barrier in the CCPR group in contrast to that in the ECPR group. ECPR was found to have protective pulmonary effects, possibly related to the regulation of alveolar surface-active proteins and mitigated oxidative stress response post-resuscitation.
Evaluation of anaerobic glucose utilization by Escherichia coli strains with impaired fermentation ability upon respiration with external and internal electron acceptor
Authors: Gulevich A.Yu. , Debabov V.G.
Published: June 2020

The characteristics of anaerobic glucose utilization and metabolite production by recombinant Escherichia coli strains with impaired fermentation ability upon respiration with pyruvate as an internal and nitrate as an external electron acceptor have been studied. It was found that respiration processes utilizing pyruvic acid as an endogenous electron acceptor and leading to the lactate and alanine formation were capable of mutual interference. After elimination of ammonium ions from the medium, the native activity levels of respiratory lactate dehydrogenases Did and LldD in E. coli strains deficient in the mixed acid fermentation pathways can almost completely compensate for the loss of activity of respiratory alanine dehydrogenase DadA, but are insufficient to maintain the entire intracellular redox balance. The addition of nitrate ions in the medium abolished alanine production by the strains despite the availability of ammonium ions, while the functionality of respiratory reduction of endogenous pyruvate to lactate retained in the studied strains even in the presence of a strong exogenous oxidant. Respiration with external electron acceptor provoked the activation of the oxidative tricarboxylic acid cycle in the strains. Anaerobic glucose utilization by the strain with interrupted tricarboxylic acid cycle increased during nitrate respiration, but remained restricted by the excessive generation of reducing equivalents in the residual reactions of the cycle.

Escherichia coli, glucose, fermentation, respiration, pyruvate, lactate, alanine, nitrate, ammonium.

The work was supported by a grant from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project #18-04-01222).
Practical Applications of 3D Cell Culture Biotechnologies for Translational Oncology and Personalized Therapy
Authors: Chudakova D.A. , Skorova E.Yu. , Reshetov I.V.
Published: June 2020

The creation of in vitro three-dimensional cellular model systems (in vitro 3D cultures) is a fast-growing leading-edge segment of the biotechnological industry. We have examined in this work the key 80 articles published after 2008, and focused on applications of in vitro 3D culture in translational oncology. We described a broad range of 3D culture systems, including models with and without extracellular matrix (ECM). 3D culture models based on decellularized ECM were discussed in more detail. The role of ECM in pathogeneis of malignant neoplasms, in particular, in the phenomenon of the tumor resistance to chemotherapy, was evaluated. 2D and 3D culture systems were compared, and natural and synthetic ECM were described, as well as the model creation based on 3D bioprinting. Particular attention was paid to in vitro models of various cancers, including those at the metastatic stage, based on 3D cell cultures, which maximally mimic the in vivo tumor behavior. The prospects of the practical application of 3D cell culture models in preclinical drag screening and in personalized therapy were discussed. We also presented our data on in vitro 2D and 3D culturing of human cells on various substrates.

3D cellular models, 3D bioprinting, biotechnology, extracellular matrix, cancer, translational medicine, personalized medicine, drag development, in vitro, ex vivo, oncology

The authors are grateful to Dr. E. Shabalina for providing part of the experimental data and to OKA-Biotech Company for the samples of recombinant Funding-The work was supported by a Grant from the Russian Science Foundation (no. 18-15-00391). doi: 10.21519/0234-2758-2020-36-3-3-15
Designing a system of multiplex PCR with hybridization-fluorescent registration of results, on solid substrate, for indication and identification Y. pestis strains
Authors: Utkin D.V. , Makashova M.A. , Kukleva L.M. , Eroshenko G.A. , Kutyrev V.V.
Published: June 2020

Plague agent strains differ in intraspecific appurtenance, place of origin, as well as their virulence. Development of a rapid and reliable means of Y. pestis strain indication, their identification by intra-specific appurtenance and assessment of their virulence is a relevant issue. To solve the task, we have constructed a system of multiplex PCR with hybridization-fluorescent registration of results on solid substrate, for indication and identification of strains by their belonging to Y. pestis species, sub-species, biovars, phylogenetic lines, also by the presence of the main gene-factors of pathogenicity of chromosomal and plasmid localization. Its effectiveness is confirmed on 114 plague agent strains of various origins. The developed system of multiplex PCR with hybridization-fluorescent registration of results on solid substrate, can be applied for molecular-genetic identification of strains from natural plague foci with specification of their appurtenance to the main phylogenetic branches and assessment of virulence, for enhancement of sanitary-epidemiological control of RF territories and CIS member-states.

plague pathogen, strains, indication and identification, PCR
Selection of Bacillus thuringiensis against Pathogenic Nematodes Attacking Pepper Tree
Authors: Vo Van Minh , Vo Chau Tuan , Pham Тhi My , Do Thu Ha , Le Vu Khanh Trang
Published: June 2020

Nine strains belonging to the Bacillus genus have been isolated from soil samples in Tien Phuoc district, Quang Nam province. They were capable of surviving at 42°C, and the Bl, B4, B7 and B9 strains could produce toxic crystals at this temperature. B7 had the most promising characteristics in terms of spore-forming ability. The result of the 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that B7 belongs to the Bacillus thuringiensis species, which is known to effectively control root-knot Meloidogyne sp. nematodes attacking pepper tree. This study was aimed at evaluating the inhibitory effect of the bacterial isolate under study on root-knot eggs and juveniles. It was shown that the highest inhibitory activity of the cultures of the bacterial strains under study was observed at their concentration of 109cells/mL; in this case, up to 89.67% of nematode eggs and 100% of juveniles J2 were killed after 10 h of treatment.

Bacillus thuringiensis, Meloidogyne sp., pepper tree, root-knot, nematodes

We are grateful to the Danang University of Science and Education and Duy Tan University for supporting this study.
DEĞER YÖNELİMLERİ VE ÇEVRE YANLISI DAVRANIŞLAR
Authors: KIRAL UÇAR Gözde
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada, Kısa Değerler Ölçeği’nin egoistik, altruistik ve biyosferik değer yönelimlerini içeren yapısı Türkiye’deki bir örneklemde incelenmiş ve bu değer yönelimlerinin bireylerin çevre yanlısı davranışlarıyla ilişkisi araştırılmıştır. Araştırmaya yaşları 17 ile 73 (Ort. = 39,70; SS = 12,33) arasında değişen 213 gönüllü katılmıştır. Katılımcıların 130’u (% 61) kadın, 83’ü (% 39) erkektir. Ölçeğin orijinal formundaki üç faktörlü yapı bu örneklemde de doğrulanmıştır. Ayrıca, altruistik ve biyosferik değer yönelimleri ile çevre yanlısı davranışlar arasında pozitif yönde; egoistik değer yönelimi ve çevre yanlısı davranışlar arasında ise negatif yönde anlamlı korelasyonlar olduğu görülmektedir. Son olarak, egoistik değer yöneliminin çevre yanlısı davranışları negatif yönde, biyosferik değer yöneliminin ise pozitif yönde yordadığı bulunmuştur. Elde edilen bulgular alanyazın ışığında tartışılmıştır.
Occurrence and flow systems of the anticline-controlled thermal groundwater near Chongqing in eastern Sichuan Basin of China
Authors: Ta Mingming , Zhou Xun , Xu Yanqiu , Wang Yuan , Guo Juan , Wang Xinyun
Published: June 2020

A review and assessment of earlier studies shows that the thermal groundwater near Chongqing in the eastern Sichuan Basin of China has a unique occurrence called the ‘basin-anticline outcropping’ type. Its occurrence and emergence are strongly controlled by the nearly north–south trending anticlines. The basin-anticline outcropping type groundwater is similar to that of the basin type but also has the characteristics of the outcropping type because of the anticlines. The natural hot springs in the study area exist mainly in the outcropping areas of the carbonates, in the middle and the plunging ends of the anticlines where the topography was cut by rivers. They can also rise through the overlying sandstones and form up-flow springs. Geothermal wells tapping the carbonate reservoirs on the flanks of the anticlines also produce thermal groundwater. The groundwater flow can be divided into three levels: (1) shallow circulation system with groundwater of HCO3-Ca type and low TDS discharging through normal temperature springs, (2) middle circulation system with groundwater of SO4-Ca type and TDS of 2–3 g/L discharging through hot springs and (3) deep circulation system with groundwater of Cl-Na type and high TDS discharging through hot springs or wells.
Using distributed fiber optic sensors to monitor underground infrastructure
Authors: Bednarz B. , Popielski P.
Published: June 2020

The development of monitoring system technology enables more accurate measurement at regular intervals of many parameters affecting the safety and proper functioning of underground infrastructure. Means of monitoring underground infrastructure using distributed fiber optic sensors (DFOS) are presented in this paper. DFOS use is developing rapidly and investment is increasingly visible internationally – examples are given. The preliminary results are also presented of research on the application of DFOS for monitoring pipeline deformation and thin-walled GRP (FRP) panels used in the renovation of existing sewage networks.
Morte e Morrer na emergência pediátrica: a protagonização da equipe de enfermagem frente a finitude da vida
Authors: Ribeiro Wanderson Alves , Porath Azevedo Fassarella Bruna , Carmo Neves Keila do
Published: June 2020

Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica de abordagem qualitativa e caráter descritivo que tem como objeto de estudo o processo morte e morrer na emergência pediátrica, que tem como objetivos descrever o processo de finitude da vida no setor da emergência pediátrica e identificar a percepção e atuação da equipe de enfermagem na finitude da vida no setor de emergência pediátrica. O findar da vida na infância é considerado mais doloroso que na vida adulta, já que a morte de uma criança leva a um conceito de tragédia e interrupção do ciclo da vida. Dessa maneira, a sobrevida dela se constitui como um objetivo principal para equipe, devido à alta possibilidade de cura em pacientes pediátricos. Como metodologia, utilizou-se a Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, nas bases de informações LILACS, BDENF, MEDLINE e SCIELO, com recorte temporal de 2009 à 2019. Conclui-se que o enfrentamento do processo morte e morrer emerge diversas complicações pra equipe de enfermagem e, quando ocorre na idade pediátrica, em situações de emergência é ainda mais desfavorável e, por isso, precisa ser tratado com muito cuidado e cautela.
Colloidal Nanocarriers as Versatile Targeted Delivery Systems for Cervical Cancer
Authors: Sugumaran Abimanyu , Mathialagan Vishali
Published: June 2020

Background:

The second most common malignant cancer of the uterus is cervical cancer, which is
present worldwide, has a rising death rate and is predominant in developing countries. Different classes of anticancer
agents are used to treat cervical carcinoma. The use of these agents results in severe untoward side-effects,
toxicity, and multidrug resistance (MDR) with higher chances of recurrence and spread beyond the pelvic region.
Moreover, the resulting clinical outcome remains very poor even after surgical procedures and treatment with
conventional chemotherapy. Because of the nonspecificity of their use, the agents wipe out both cancerous and
normal tissues. Colloidal nano dispersions have now been focusing on site-specific delivery for cervical cancer,
and there has been much advancement.

Methods:

This review aims to highlight the problems in the current treatment of cervical cancer and explore the
potential of colloidal nanocarriers for selective delivery of anticancer drugs using available literature.

Results:

In this study, we surveyed the role and potential of different colloidal nanocarriers in cervical cancer,
such as nanoemulsion, nanodispersions, polymeric nanoparticles, and metallic nanoparticles and photothermal
and photodynamic therapy. We found significant advancement in colloidal nanocarrier-based cervical cancer
treatment.

Conclusion:

Cervical cancer-targeted treatment with colloidal nanocarriers would hopefully result in minimal
toxic side effects, reduced dosage frequency, and lower MDR incidence and enhance the patient survival rates.
The future direction of the study should be focused more on the regulatory barrier of nanocarriers based on clinical
outcomes for cervical cancer targeting with cost-effective analysis.
Comparison of Different Molecular Forms of Astaxanthin in Inhibiting Lipogenesis and its Mechanism
Authors: Li Yanqi , Liu Yaxuan , Tian Yingying , Guo Yao , Xue Changhu , Wang Jingfeng
Published: June 2020

Background:

Astaxanthin is a natural active substance with a plurality of biological activities,
such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory and anti-cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. However,
there is less research on the effects of astaxanthin on obesity. Astaxanthin with different structural
forms affect the corresponding biological activity.

Objective:

The study aimed to compare Astaxanthin-octanoic acid diester (C8-AST) and Free Astaxanthin
(F-AST) to explore the effect on lipogenesis in vitro.

Methods:

3T3-L1 preadipocytes were cultured under astaxanthin treatment. Cell proliferation and differentiation
were evaluated by MTT assay and oil red O staining, respectively. The synthesis of metabolic
mechanism of intracellular fatty acids and triglycerides was examined by qRT-PCR and Western
blotting.

Results:

C8-AST and F-AST had no effect on adipocyte proliferation at low concentration, but inhibited
adipocyte differentiation. The treatment of astaxanthin could inhibit the expression of PPARγ,
C/EBPα and SREBP-1c in adipocytes, up-regulate the expression of Wnt10b, LRP6, FZ in Wnt/
β-catenin signaling pathway and increase the β-catenin entry into nucleus, suggesting that the activation
of Wnt/β-catenin signaling was involved in axtaxanthin-regulated lipogenesis. Notably, inhibition
effect of lipogenesis on C8-AST was better than F-AST overall.

Conclusion:

At the cellular level, both two kinds of astaxanthins inhibit the synthesis of intracellular
fatty acids and triglycerides. Notably, the inhibition effect of C8-AST is better than F-AST overall.
T2 Values for Diagnosing Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure in Hepatitis B Patients
Authors: Lan Lianjun , Lu Xiaofei , Shu Jian
Published: June 2020

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to investigate the value of hepatic T2 imaging for
the evaluation of chronic hepatitis-B-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF).

Methods:

Three groups of patients underwent liver MRI utilising m-GRASE sequence (multi-echo
gradient and spin echo): HBV-ACLF patients (n = 28), chronic hepatitis B patients (n = 11), and
healthy control patients (n = 14). A T2 image was produced using post-processing software, and the
mean T2 (relaxation time) value was calculated. Blood biochemical indices for the HBV-ACLF and
Chronic Hepatitis B were obtained within 2 days pre- or post-MR scanning. The patients’ T2 values,
and the correlation between their biochemical indices and T2 values were analysed. A receiver
operating characteristic curve was employed to evaluate the efficiency of utilising T2 values in the
diagnosis of HBV-ACLF.

Results:

There were significant variations in the T2 values (χ2
= 19.074, P < 0.001) among the 3
groups. The AUC of T2 values for diagnosing HBV-ACLF was 0.86 (P < 0.001), with a cut-off value
of 57.73 ms. A moderately positive correlation was observed between the T2 value and the international
normalised ratio, prothrombin time, and hyaluronic acid values (rs = 0.65, P < 0.001; rs =
0.67, P < 0.001; rs = 0.39, P = 0.025). A moderately negative correlation was observed between the
T2 value and the prothrombin activity, albumin, and prealbumin values (rs = -0.67, P < 0.001; rs =
-0.48, P = 0.004; rs = -0.37, P = 0.030).

Conclusion:

T2 values could accurately reflect liver function state, as they correlated well with certain
biochemical indices, illustrating good diagnostic efficiency for diagnosing HBV-ACLF.
A Review on Lung Cancer Diagnosis Using Data Mining Algorithms
Authors: Heydari Farzad , Rafsanjani Marjan Kuchaki
Published: June 2020

Due to the serious consequences of lung cancer, medical associations use computer-aided diagnostic procedures to diagnose this disease more accurately. Despite the damaging effects of lung cancer on the body, the lifetime of cancer patients can be extended by early diagnosis. Data mining techniques are practical in diagnosing lung cancer in its first stages. This paper surveys a number of leading data mining-based cancer diagnosis approaches. Moreover, this review draws a comparison between data mining approaches in terms of selection criteria and presents the advantages and disadvantages of each method.
The Applications of Next-generation Sequencing (NGS) in Drug Development for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Telkoparan-Akillilar Pelin , Cevik Dilek
Published: June 2020

Background:

Numerous sequencing techniques have been progressed since the 1960s
with the rapid development of molecular biology studies focusing on DNA and RNA.

Methods:

A great number of articles, book chapters, websites are reviewed, and the studies covering
NGS history, technology and applications to cancer therapy are included in the present article.

Results:

High throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies offer many advantages
over classical Sanger sequencing with decreasing cost per base and increasing sequencing efficiency.
NGS technologies are combined with bioinformatics software to sequence genomes to be used in diagnostics,
transcriptomics, epidemiologic and clinical trials in biomedical sciences. NGS technology
has also been successfully used in drug discovery for the treatment of different cancers.

Conclusion:

This review focuses on current and potential applications of NGS in various stages of
drug discovery process, from target identification through to personalized medicine.
New Model for Couple Therapy for Patients with Chronic Pain and their Caregivers: An Attempt to Improve Quality of Life and Reduce Pain
Authors: Rouhi Shima , Dadkhah Payman , Firoozi Manijeh , Hashemi Masoud
Published: June 2020

Background:

Several psychological interventions have been implemented to manage chronic pain. In this study, in addition to the patients, his/her spouses have participated in the program. Besides, this innovative therapy integrates several practical approaches into one comprehensive protocol.

Objective:

This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of couple therapy (patient/caregiver-oriented) on improving the quality of life and reducing pain among patients with chronic pain.

Methods:

The present study is a quasi-experimental and clinical trial with a control group with pretest and posttest. The authors conducted this study at LABAFINEJAD Hospital in Tehran on 30 patients with chronic pain and their spouses by having a short form of a questionnaire for quality of life and chronic pain score questionnaire to measure the effectiveness of the treatment.

Results:

The results indicated that this treatment increased two aspects of quality of life remarkably, social function and strength for continuing the performance; that help boosts interpersonal relationships as well. Regarding the results, although the couple-based treatment could improve all aspects of pain, the two primary subscales, physical health and mental health, both enhanced. Besides, the treatment reduced the intensity of pain.

Conclusion:

Couple-based intervention through increasing social support, improving the quality of sex, decentralizing of pain, and paying attention to the neglected needs of caregivers and patients with chronic pain can improve quality of life and reduce pain in patients.
Direct-Visual-Operation Support System for Unmanned Construction
Authors: Yamaguchi Shohei , Sato Yoshihiro , Funaki Shota , Kurihara Atsutoshi , Nakamura Satoru , Ueno Takao , Bao Yue
Published: June 2020

Introduction:

Unmanned construction through direct visual operation is performed to ensure the safety of workers at construction sites. In direct visual operation, although the equipment is simple and easy to install, the work efficiency and accuracy are reduced because of the lack of view and perspective obtained from boarding a construction machine. For solving this problem, images sent from multiple cameras, Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) attached to the construction equipment and the images obtained from boarding a construction machine, as well as blind spots are confirmed by displaying them on the monitor at hand. However, the working efficiency is lowered by the restrictions on the utilization range of the camera monitor, switching operation of the camera, and gaze movement between the construction machine and the monitor.

Methods:

For solving the problem of low work efficiency and accuracy of the conventional system, this paper proposes a support system for a direct visual operation that does not require monitor installation and gaze movement and enables intuitive camera switching operation by using a transmissive Head Mounted Display (HMD) and a stereo camera robot.

Results and Conclusion:

The results of the experiment conducted using a remote-controlled backhoe show that unskilled operators can perform the same quality of work as skilled operators, and work efficiency and accuracy was improved by 44.2% and 37.8%, respectively compared to the conventional system. This confirms the usefulness of the proposed system, especially for unskilled operators.
Multiple Objective Genetic Algorithms for Solving Traffic Signal Optimization Issue at a Complex Intersection: A Case Study in Taichung City, Taiwan
Authors: Do Van Manh . , Lin Liang- Tay , Liu Pei , Hai Dinh Tuan
Published: June 2020

Background:

In optimal traffic signal timing, some researchers proposed a single objective genetic algorithm to optimize the timing plan at an isolated intersection. However, the genetic algorithm belongs to a natural selection procession. It means that a suggested model might have a local, optimal result instead of global optimization. A few researchers have tried to avoid local optimization values by making many assumptions for the suggested model, these estimations lacked comprehensive theoretical bases in the transportation field.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to contribute a comprehensive optimization solution, by applying multiple objective genetic algorithms, to minimize the effective green time and cycle length at a complex urban intersection.

Methods:

First, the fitness function was established by the minimum issues of average control delay and queue length at the complex isolated intersection. Secondly, constraint functions were identified based on a scientific basis to provide a comprehensive hypothetical model. After running the hypothetical model with single and multiple objective genetic algorithms and real traffic flow data, the results were compared between the use of multiple genetic algorithms and the use of a single-objective genetic algorithm, between an existing traffic signal timing plan and a suggested traffic signal timing plan. Then, the traffic simulation model for the complex intersection was generated to validate the effectiveness of the suggested method.

Results:

After comparison, the suggested model was found to be more efficient than the existing traffic signal timing at the complex intersection.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated multiple objective genetic algorithms that overwhelmed the single objective genetic algorithm in optimal traffic signal timing. The multiple objective genetic algorithms could be effectively used to handle traffic optimization at a complex large-scale intersection. Furthermore, a comprehensive solution of applying multiple genetic algorithms to deal with traffic signal optimization has been generated in this research.
Nurses’ Practices During Implementation of the Nursing Process at a Selected Public Hospital of Limpopo Province, South Africa: A Qualitative Pilot Study Analysis
Authors: Mutshatshi Takalani E. , Mothiba Tebogo M.
Published: June 2020

Background:

The nursing process is a systemic approach to patient care and enables nurses in health care institutions to render comprehensive care aimed at achieving quality. During the implementation of the nursing process, nurses are faced with multiple traits that hinder effective implementation. The nursing process has been widely recommended as an approach that guides nurses towards quality nursing care, thus, non-adherence is associated with substandard patient care.

Objective:

The objective was to explore and describe the practices of nurses when implementing the nursing process at a selected public hospital in Limpopo province, South Africa.

Methods:

A qualitative, explorative-descriptive approach research method was used to collect data. A non-probability purposive sampling method was used to initially select 5 professional nurses to participate in the study and later on, more data was collected from 3 unit managers. Data was collected using a semi-structured interview until data saturation, and data was analyzed using the Tesch’s open coding method of data analysis, where themes and sub-themes were developed. Measures to ensure trustworthiness were all adhered to the study.

Results:

The results explained the practices of nurses when implementing the nursing process and the challenges encountered during the implementation of the nursing process.

Conclusion:

The study findings indicated a need for continuous in-service training, provision of adequate resources and development of a formal training program.