bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Study and Fabrication of Electron Field Emission Module for Next-Generation Multi-Beams Lithography Applications
Authors: Lin Wen Shih , Chen Tao Hsing , Cheng Tsung Chieh
Published: December 2013

In this paper, a single silicon nanoemitter were investigated by means of experiments and simulation models andthe emitters array was fabricated by dry etching using an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) through a three-step process. Besides, in order to understand the field emission phenomenon in nano/micro scale, a novel experimental measurement technique by SEM with nanomotors including the constant voltage and the constant emission modes was developed to measure the accurate field emission properties.The results indicated that etching method is a good way to make the uniform field emitters and the electron field emission from a single nanoemitter is a barrier tunneling, quantum mechanicalprocess.
The Design of Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger for CO2 EGS
Authors: Hsieh Jui Ching , Lin David T.W. , Yan Wei Mon , Shin Long Der
Published: December 2013

The findings of new energy and energy harvester are the important issues for the lacking of fossil energy. For the purpose of the effective usage of supercritical CO2 flowed from the product well of CO2 EGS (Enhanced Geothermal System), an innovative heat pipe heat exchanger (Hx) is designed and practiced in this study. This study presents an innovative Hx of heat pipe for extracting the heat from CO2 or warm gas. By using the heat pipe for cooling gas is the fundamental idea of this Hx. The experimental apparatus of Hx consists a heating blower to blow out hot gas, a circulating cool water device, and a set of heat pipes. The efficiency of Hx is approved as the increasing air velocity and the more fins gradually. This innovative heat pipe exchanger is proofed through our experiment. This heat pipe Hx is suitable for the application of enhanced geothermal system (EGS) and more energy harvesting application.
Magnetic Assisted Laser Percussion Drilling
Authors: Ho Chao Ching , Tseng Guan Ru , Chang Yuan Jen , Hsu Jin Chen , Kuo Chia Lung
Published: December 2013

In this paper, feasibility of laser percussion drilling on highly reflective materials i.e., Al5052 using an assisting magnetic field was explored. During the laser percussion drilling, the Lorentz force generated by the assisting magnetic field affects the laser-induced plasma and results in significant influence of the laser percussion drilling. The magnetic field simulation was performed to investigate the field strength of the circular hollow permanent magnet. The influences of magnetic field and the laser radiation energy on the penetration depth and inlet diameter were examined.
An Electric Wheelchair with Function of Climbing up and down a Step
Authors: Soong Ren Chung , Wu Sun Li , Lee Jui Min
Published: December 2013

A new electric four-wheel wheelchair with function of climbing up and down a step is proposed. Each wheel has four telescopic rods driven by a ratchet mechanism which makes them stretchable. They retract into each wheel during the wheelchair moves on the flat roads. They stretch out of each wheel to overcome a step obstacle during the wheelchair encounters the steps and thresholds. The center of gravity and angular position of the seat relative to the horizontal axis can be adjusted simultaneously during climbing up and down a step or moving on the uphill or downhill road sections. The actual test of climbing up and down a height 15 cm step has been done successfully on condition of carrying a weight 85 kg person. This new electric wheelchair makes users more safe and scopes of activity of the elderly and those with disabilities wider.
Optimal Design of the Single-Mode Piezoelectric Actuator
Authors: Chang S.J. , Chen J.
Published: December 2013

The general operation of a piezoelectric ultrasonic actuator is to convert the cyclic motion of the piezoelectric plate to a linear motion at the rotor or slider. The conventional piezoelectric ultrasonic actuator has two symmetric exciter electrodes on the front surface and each electrode covers one half of the front surface. The rear surface has only one electrode that severs as a common drain. In this paper, the design and simulation of the novel single-mode piezoelectric actuator with asymmetric electrodes were presented. The accomplishment of this study is to find the optimal dimensions of the piezoelectric plate and the asymmetric electrodes, and the stator tip on the piezoelectric ultrasonic actuator would have the larger vibrating amplitude. From the simulation experiment results, the optimal dimensions of the piezoelectric plate are 20×10×1 mm with 12 mm exciter electrode length, and the vibrating amplitude is from 0.73μm increasing to 0.91μm.
The Characteristic Analysis of Interrupted Flow Pulsation on Ultrafiltration System
Authors: Huang Chyouh Wu , Chen Hung Shyong
Published: December 2013

Ultrafiltration (UF) process has been widely used in many industrial applications to separate or concentrate macromolecular solution such as the making of fruit juice, the separation of oil-water emulsions, the treatment effluents from the pulp and paper, and environmental protecting applications. However, this process exhibits a limiting flux behavior caused by concentration polarization and consequently reduces the life of the membrane module. Concentration polarization can be especially severe in macromolecular solutions due to low diffusivity in membrane separation. In this study, we introduce an interrupted pulsatile flow to improve the performance of the membrane and decrease the concentration polarization layer. This method involves pulsing the feed flow discontinuously. Our results show that this method can be applied to membrane module regardless of it geometry and materials. Also, when comparing with un-pulsatile module, this could further leader to the improvement of membrane life. Keywords: ultrafiltation, interrupted - pulsating flow, concentration polarization, limiting flux behavior
L2-EMD Filter Design for Photoplethysmography Signal
Authors: Tang Ya Wen , Lin Yue Der
Published: December 2013

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a noninvasive bio-signal measurement technique used to monitor peripheral hemal circulatory circumstance. Generally, PPG signal is treated as a morphologically equivalent signal of pulse signals. To prevent the affection of environment noise or motion artifact, an empirical mode decomposition (EMD) base filter with L2 norm similarity selector is proposed in this article. In this experiment, PPG signal of twelve healthy subjects is acquired with a stable state. The acquired PPG signals are mixed with different level white noise to exam the filter capability. 30dB SNR and 60dB SNR noisy PPG signals were adopted and applied with empirical mode decomposition to extract the imply mode of the input signal. After that, a l2-norm calculation is used to evaluate the similarity between each extracted intrinsic mode function (IMF) and the input signal. The high similarity IMFs are collected and used to reconstruct the filtered signal. Although the reconstructed signals may suffer a serious boundary effect as EMD faced, the results show effective noise elimination and prove the l2-EMD filter capability of PPG signals.
Time-Frequency Bands of Electromagnetic Wave from ERPCOH on Developmental Changes
Authors: Ho Ming Chung , Huang Chin Fei , Chou Chia Yi , Lu Ming Chi , Chang Yung Yi , Liu Chia Ju
Published: December 2013

Recent changes in ongoing background activity are one of the most popular approaches to investigate brain activity for understanding child development. However, research using event-related responses of cortico-cortical connections to explore changes during childhood is rare. This study investigates mature changes in brain connectivity in associative reorganization patterns and hypothesizes that age-related changes affect oscillatory connections. The sample included children aged 7 years, 11 years, and adults. The 3 groups were studied in the time-frequency domain to analyze event-related cross phase coherence (ERPCOH) between different parts of the brain as they performed an auditory oddball task. Compared to the adult participants, the 11-year-old participants were found to have increased connectivity in theta (4-7 Hz), beta-2 (20-30 Hz), and gamma bands (30-50 Hz) in the early component (N1, 80-140 ms), although ERPCOH value decreased in the alpha-1 (7-10 Hz) and alpha-2 bands (10-13 Hz). Compared to the 11-year-old participants, 7-year-old participants had greater connectivity decreases in all frequency bands, most significantly in theta, beta-2, and gamma bands.
Impact of a Large Scale PV Generation System on the Distribution System
Authors: Hsu Cheng Ting , Chen Chao Shun , Lin Chia Hung , Cheng Tsun Jen
Published: December 2013

This paper investigates the impact of photovoltaic generation system (pvgs) on the distribution system. The installations of various types of distributed generators (dgs) on the distribution system have significantly changed the operating, planning and maintaining strategies of the utility. In this paper, one practical Taiwan Power Company (taipower) distribution system with a large-scale of pvgs is selected for study. Many power quality issues like steady state voltage variation, reverse power, voltage unbalance, short-circuit current and harmonic are analyzed by considering many different operation scenarios of the distribution system and pvgs. The simulation results are compared with the related standards and it is found that the pvgs impact on the concerned power quality and reliability issues are all within the limits. It is concluded that the simulation results of the paper are very helpful to the electric utilities and pv producers for providing better power quality as well as increasing photovoltaic (pv) penetration in distribution grids.
Whole-Body Human-to-Humanoid Motion Imitation
Authors: Lin Hsien I , Chen Zan Sheng
Published: December 2013

Human-to-Humanoid motion imitation is an intuitive method to teach a humanoid robot how to act by human demonstration. For example, teaching a robot how to stand is simply showing the robot how a human stands. Much of previous work in motion imitation focuses on either upper-body or lower-body motion imitation. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to imitate human whole-body motion by a humanoid robot. The main problem of the proposed work is how to control robot balance and keep the robot motion as similar as taught human motion simultaneously. Thus, we propose a balance criterion to assess how well the root can balance and use the criterion and a genetic algorithm to search a sub-optimal solution, making the root balanced and its motion similar to human motion. We have validated the proposed work on an Aldebaran Robotics NAO robot with 25 degrees of freedom. The experimental results show that the root can imitate human postures and autonomously keep itself balanced.
The Development of a Hybrid Antilock Braking System Using Magnetorheological Brake
Authors: Shiao Yao Jung , Nguyen Quang Anh , Lin Jhe Wei
Published: December 2013

This paper proposes a novel hybrid antilock braking system (ABS) with the combination of auxiliary brake and a magnetorheological (MR) brake with multiple poles. The operation concept of this MR brake is different to conventional MR brake. Its output torque proves the ability to be used in motorcycle brake system. In concept, a fast-response MR brake replaces existed hydraulic brake system, or works as an auxiliary brake, the brake performance can be effectively improved and driving stability can be guaranteed. Simulation model of the MR brake has been built and its braking performance for using on a motorcycle was verified. After that, a motorcycle simulation software was employed to validate the hybrid ABS system under appropriated working condition. The results confirm its feasibility for actual application as a hybrid ABS system.
A Wireless Sensor Network Deployment Planning Tool to Support Building Automation
Authors: Hsiao Rong Shue , Lin Ding Bing , Lin Hsin Piao , Chung Chen Hua
Published: December 2013

Wireless sensor networks have the advantages of low cost installation and flexibility, which make them an excellent mechanism for capturing environmental data and interacting with the physical environment for the application of building automation. However, radio propagation suffers from multi-path, shadowing and other radio interference problems in building environments. Therefore, deployment of sensor nodes in a dynamic in-building environment is a complex operation that requires expert knowledge and experience. In this paper, we present a deployment planning tool that can provide a set of useful tools for deploying a wireless sensor network in the building environment. The proposed deployment planning tool provides design tools that can assist users to develop a network infrastructure in order to support reliable communication. In addition, a network evaluation tool is provided to measure the index of network quality in order to ensure a reliable network quality. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of this tool, we designed a sensor network and simulated the network quality using this tool. The simulation results matched the experimental results of realistic deployment very well.
Cryptanalysis and Improvement of Secure Key Distribution for the Smart Grid
Authors: Tseng Huei Ru , Chueh Tung Hung
Published: December 2013

The smart grid is a network of computers and power infrastructures that monitor and manage energy usage and uses intelligent transmission and distribution networks to deliver electricity for improving the electric system's reliability and efficiency. With grid controls, energy transmission management could be enhanced and resilience to control-system failures would be increased. Although deploying the smart grid has numerous social and technical benefits, several security concerns arise. In 2012, Xia and Wang proposed a secure key distribution for the smart grid. They claimed their protocol is strong enough to defend against security attacks. In this paper, we investigate the security of Xia and Wang's protocol. More precisely, we show that once the smart meter generates a session key with the service provider, the smart meter could easily forge the new legitimate session key without the service provider's participation. In order to remedy the security flaw, we propose a simple and secure improvement of Xia and Wang's protocol. Our protocol is secure and fair to generate the session key between the smart meter and the service provider.
Home Security Service and Condition Control
Authors: Tung Shu Chu , Li Wu Jeng , Huang Shih Miao
Published: December 2013

This research creates home security service with social interaction based on a web-based multiple stations supervisory control framework. An Arduino controller is used as a thin-controller to control a home security system. Most control laws are computed in server-side, driving commands are transferred to local controllers for execution. A supervisory control server kept in a company can serve numerous Arduino controllers to provide home security service. The Arduino controller can sense door switch, motion detection, smoke detection, gas detection, CO detection, and an emergency button, and can drive door lock, two relays. Besides, RFID is used to help personnel in/out management and alert enable/disable. The controller reads inputs, uploads input/output data to the supervisory server, executes commands from the server, and drives output continuously. Once a controller is connected to the supervisory server, it can be monitored and controlled remotely. Condition control is proposed for the framework to help program control laws for Arduino controllers. In condition control, conditions are set. When some condition is met, certain actions are taken. There are three types of conditions; time condition, input/output condition, and location condition. And there are three kinds of actions; SMS notification, email notification, and output drive. Conditions, actions and their connections are set by system users in a browser with the help of the supervisory control information management system. The control laws set in the condition control are executed in server-side. User of the home security system can open the read/write rights of his input/output points to other users. With appropriate control law, a motion detection signal of one user can activate the alarm of another user. Therefore, the home security service is not just a security for users home, but a security for a social group.
A Study on FBG Vehicle Loading Sensing System
Authors: Hsieh Tso Sheng , Liaw Shien Kuei , Lin Chia Hao , Tasi Li Ren , Chiang Chia Chin
Published: December 2013

This study considered the application of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) to a composite material leaf spring as a vehicle loading sensing system. The loading of the vehicle by the leaf spring was calculated by the period change of the fiber grating caused by deformation of the composite material leaf spring under loading. From the experiment results, a good linear relationship between loading and Bragg wavelength shift for light. The R-squared value for the linear regression reached 0.99. The loading sensitivity is about 0.267 nm/N.
Development of Causal Model of Four Parameters upon Statistical and Mathematical Analysis and Management
Authors: Shih Huei Ming , Chen Shieh Liang , Wang Chih Hung
Published: December 2013

This study aims to probe into causal relationship among serious leisure traits, leisure internal motivation, leisure benefits and sense of happiness and further examines the moderating roles of leisure internal motivation and leisure benefits. Research design is based on questionnaire survey. Bicyclists of 2009 Giant Cup, 2009 Mountain Tour and Sea Appreciation, Challenge 100 cycling in Miaoli and 2009 Taichung 100K Cycling Race are treated as the subjects. The researcher conducts investigation on the fields by convenience sampling and acquires 500 valid samples. According to research findings, serious leisure traits positively influence leisure internal motivation, leisure benefits and sense of happiness. Leisure internal motivation positively influences leisure benefits and sense of happiness. Leisure benefits positively influence sense of happiness. Leisure internal motivation and leisure benefits play partial moderating roles between serious leisure traits and sense of happiness. Overall explained power of serious leisure traits, leisure internal motivation and leisure benefits on sense of happiness is 88%. Research findings aim to serve as reference for governmental departments in the promotion of bicycle activities, private bicycle groups or firms strategies of bicycle activities and market expansion and future academic studies.
Refinement of Depth Estimation Method via Energy Minimization
Authors: Cheng Fang Hsuan , Chang Yu Pang
Published: December 2013

t has been proposed in this paper an idea of refining depth map obtained according to local stereo matching. Energy was calculated based on the entire image, meanwhile, energy minimization concept was adopted, and the area obtained according to color segmentation algorithm was adopted too. The lower the energy of an image, the better depth quality will be generated. The color feature and depth value among different regions and their neighboring regions are used to define the relation between the smooth and occluded regions in the energy function. Then the region energy was calculated repeatedly until the change was insignificant or the number of iterations was reached. The corrected left and right view was used first to perform local stereo matching to get initial depth estimation. The color information of the left view was used to perform color segmentation, and then the segmented region and initial depth estimation were used to calculate the parameter of disparity plane for each region. This process was performed iteratively on the disparity plane, where a more reasonable depth map can be obtained while the energy cost is minimized. From the experimental result, it is proved that the depth map after refinement showed better object shape and smooth region density as compared to that of the initial depth map.
Application of Maple on the Integral Problems
Authors: Yu Chii Huei
Published: December 2013

This paper takes the mathematical software Maple as the auxiliary tool to study four types of integral problems related to hyperbolic functions. We can obtain the infinite series forms of these four types of integrals by using geometric series and integration term by term theorem. The research methods adopted in this study involved finding solutions through manual calculations and verifying these solutions by using Maple. This type of research method not only allows the discovery of calculation errors, but also helps modify the original directions of thinking from manual and Maple calculations. For this reason, Maple provides insights and guidance regarding problem-solving methods.
A Low Complexity Integer Frequency Offset Estimation Scheme Based on Coherence Phase Bandwidth for OFDM Systems
Authors: Lee Youngseok , Lee Seong Ro , Yoo Seungsoo , Shim Jeongyoon , Lee Jaewoo , Yoon Seok Ho
Published: December 2013

In this paper, we propose a low complexity integer frequency offset estimation scheme based on coherence phase bandwidth for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The proposed scheme overcomes the effect of the timing offset via correlating the local and received OFDM training symbols in a coherence phase bandwidth block unit. Moreover, by utilizing a threshold to determine an interger frequency offset etimate, the proposed scheme need not calculate correlation values for all possible interger frequency offset candidates. From numerical results, it is demonstrated that the proposed scheme can estimate the integer freqeuncy offset with a reduced complexity while minataining the same level of the estimation performance.
Volumetric Model Body Outline Computation for an Object Tracking in a Video Stream
Authors: Park Ji Hun
Published: December 2013

This paper presents a new outline contour generation method to track a rigid body in single video stream taken using a varying focal length and moving camera. We assume feature points and background eliminated images are provided, and we get different views of a tracked object when the object is stationary. Using different views of a tracked object, we volume-reconstruct a 3D model body after 3D scene analysis. For computing camera parameters and target object movement for a scene with a moving target object, we use fixed feature background points, and convert as a parameter optimization problem solving. Performance index for parameter optimization is minimizing feature point errors as well as outline contour difference between reconstructed 3D model and background eliminated tracked object. The proposed method is tested using an input image set.
Detecting Phishing Sites Using URLs Collected from Emails
Authors: Wang Chuan Sheng , Hsu Fu Hau , Chen Shih Jen , Hwang Yan Ling , Wu Min Hao
Published: December 2013

Phishing is the malicious behavior of stealing personal information from computer users. It is a very popular account-theft-method among cyber criminals. Hence, developing a new approach to solve phishing attacks becomes an important issue. This paper proposes a router-based solution, called Shark, to phishing attacks. The router-based property allows Shark to protect a whole network without the need to install or maintain any software in any internal host. Based on the URLs collected from emails and the properties of the web pages pointed by these URLs, Shark quickly and automatically identifies phishing web pages. Experimental results demonstrate that Shark installed on a Linux edge router can accurately detect and attack phishing sites with low false positives and false negatives. And even though a false positive occurs, erroneous counterattacks do not influence the normal operations of legal web sites.
3D Integral Imaging Encryption Using a Depth-Converted Elemental Image Array
Authors: Li Xiao Wei , Lee Seok Ki , Cho Sung Jin , Kim Seok Tae
Published: December 2013

We propose a three-dimensional (3D) image encryption method based on the modified computational integral imaging (CII) technique with the smart pixel mapping (SPM) algorithm, which is introduced for reconstructing orthoscopic 3D images with improved image quality. The depth-converted two-dimensional (2D) elemental image array (EIA) is firstly obtained by SPM-based CII system, and then the 2D EIA is encrypted by Fibonacci transform for 3D image encryption. Compared with conventional encryption methods based on integral imaging (II), the proposed method enables us to reconstruct orthoscopic 3D images at long distance. In addition, the qualities of the reconstructed plane images are enhanced by applying the SPM and pixel average algorithm (PAA) in CII. To show the usefulness of the proposed method, we carry out the preliminary experiments and present the experimental results.
An Enhanced Vehicular Information Dissemination Based on Back-Off Time Mechanism
Authors: Hsu Jenq Muh , Wang Wen Ting
Published: December 2013

Information dissemination in inter-vehicle communication is a main way to propagate and obtain the communicating messages among vehicles and infrastructures of road networks in vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET). However, a well-designed protocol for information dissemination would probably provide the higher performance of information dissemination in VANET. In this paper, we propose the improved information dissemination schemes for multi-hop broadcasting in VANET. Our proposed scheme will select a better message forwarder to forward the messages to its neighboring vehicles according to the back-off time for reducing the waiting time in the directional broadcasting. It will also adopt the road-side unit to keep the disseminated message at the intersection of the roads for waiting to disseminate the messages when the vehicle is crossing the intersection which may probably act as a message forwarder to forward the disseminated messages to the intersectional direction. In our simulation, the result indicates that our proposed scheme can efficiently disseminate the messages under the consideration of back-off time in VANET.
The Hybrid Differential Evolution with Dynamic Scaling Mutation and Wrapper Local Search for Optimization Problems
Authors: Lu Chun Liang , Chiu Shih Yuan , Hsu Chih Hsu , Yen Shi Jim
Published: December 2013

In this paper, an improved hybrid Differential Evolution (DE) is proposed to enhance optimization performance by cooperating Dynamic Scaling Mutation (DSM) and Wrapper Local Search (WLS) schemes. When evolution speed is standstill, DSM can improve searching ability to achieve better balance between exploitation and exploration in the search space. Furthermore, WLS can disturb individuals to fine tune the searching range around and then properly find better solutions in the evolution progress. The effective particle encoding representation named Particle Segment Operation-Machine Assignment (PSOMA) that we previously published is also applied to always produce feasible candidate solutions for hybrid DE model to solve the Flexible Job-Shop Scheduling Problem (FJSP). To test the performance of the proposed hybrid method, the experiments contain five frequently used CEC 2005 numerical functions and three representative FJSP benchmarks for single-objective and multi-objective optimization verifications, respectively. Compare the proposed method with the other related published algorithms, the simulation results indicate that our proposed method exhibits better performance for solving most the test functions for single-objective problems. In addition, the wide range of Pareto-optimal solutions and the more Gantt chart diversities can be obtained for the multi-objective FJSP in practical decision-making considerations.
Analysis of Effects Influencing Protruding Building Components
Authors: Držka Milan
Published: December 2013

The article deals with analysis of effects influencing projected constructional buildings (i.e. balconies) during their service life. The stress is laid on chemical factors having impact on carbonization and corrosion of main bars in reinforced concrete structural systems of balconies.
Theoretical Model Verification by an Experimental Aerodynamics
Authors: Puškár Anton , Vanc Milan
Published: December 2013

Experimental tasks formulation, an input reductions and experiment realizations contain scientific methods of physical effects and the relation of physical quantities followed by an objective evaluation of experimental data and results generalization using the theory of similarity. Physical effects examination is phenomenological, it means it is not about investigating the causes, only its consequences.
Applied Aerodynamics in Building
Authors: Žilinský Juraj , Vanc Milan
Published: December 2013

Development of new materials, high strength concrete, steels, composites, new construction techniques and procedures put the Development of new materials, high strength concrete, steels, composites, new construction techniques and procedures put the foundations of a new generation of buildings. With the advent of advanced computer technology, using the finite element method engineers and architects plan and construct buildings that are, high, flexible, thin and lightweight. These buildings, however, are burdened by aerodynamic forces, whose source is wind. Just the action of aerodynamic forces adversely affects their ability to traffic, reducing safety and durability. It is therefore necessary to provide high flexibility structures and maintain their safety. This can only be achieved by means of applied aerodynamics using various types of passive and active components to optimize aerodynamics of buildings.
Influence of Renewal of Panel Residential Houses on Air Change Rate of a Building
Authors: Pavčeková Monika , Menďan Rastislav
Published: December 2013

The paper deals with the influence of renewal of panel residential houses, which includes also replacement of original windows for new ones, on air change rate of a building. The replacement of original windows for new windows with better thermal insulation properties and more quality sealing considerably contribute to reduction of energy need for heating of a building, but on the other hand, too low air change caused by tight windows worsen the quality of indoor environment of a building and therefore the required air change is needed to provide by more intensive ventilation. The paper brings an overview and comparison of air change rate of panel residential houses in original state and state after the renewal by adding thermal insulation on walls, roof and after replacement of windows.
Fire Safety of Sacral Buildings
Authors: Mikolai Imrich
Published: December 2013

Religions activities are realized in specific buildings which are not dwelling units. From fire safety point of view is necessary to assessed these buildings as an assembly rooms on which specific fire safety requests are made, in majority cases. To need of safety evacuation of people from the specific building in case of fire is subordinated not only choice of building constructions and used surfacing but also the need of safe evacuation. Quality building constructions and also fire safety equipment of buildings are basic conditions of fire safety of sacral buildings.
Classification and Basic Economic Quantification of Renewable Energy Sources for the Sustainable Architecture Design
Authors: Bielek Boris , Bielek Milan , Híreš Juraj
Published: December 2013

The transformation to a sustainable society. Transforming of the energy market. The social value of CO2 emissions. Change of the value system in society. The dominant production technology of the capital of nature with simultaneous ecosystem restoring. Dividing and economic quantification of renewable energy sources as a production technology of capital provided to man by nature. Renewable energy sources of predictable and unpredictable type. Renewable energy sources generated in economic human activity as a forced - secondary product. Development of technology in architecture for a sustainable society.
Aesthetic and Technical Problems of Renovated Residential Buildings Facade - Prevention of Defects
Authors: Minarovičová Katarína , Antošová Naďa
Published: December 2013

Renovation of the building stock is an acknowledged issue in the building industry. Constructional and technical requirements on residential buildings have significantly changed, as well as demands on flats equipment and aesthetic quality of the building and surrounding urban space. Several years "boom" of large-scale housing renovation in Slovakia has resulted in colour, shape and material diversity of residential buildings facade. The paper presents selected aspects of residential buildings renovation, related to their facade components. An important part of the renovation design should be prevention of defects, particularly of insulation systems. Several years after buildings insulation first colonies of microorganisms form on the surface of insulated facades and results in the formation of “green skin” on building façades. It has been observed that up to 80 % of insulated buildings are affected by this greening. This microbial colonization of buildings causes aesthetic problems and can lead to degradation and spalling of the coating [1].
Progressive Ways of the Waterproofing of Buildings
Authors: Držka Milan
Published: December 2013

The article deals with the newly developed damp proofing systems. They are aimed at principles of the design of constructional details of substructures resisting water and ground dampness with application of the latest materials, technology and constructional design of damp proofing system layers and details.
Multi Regression Analysis of Flow Curve Obtained by Torsion Test
Authors: Gusel Leo
Published: December 2013

This paper presents determination of flow curve of steel by using multi regression analysis based on only few experimental points of torsion test. It is necessary to know the flow curve of the formed metal and the best way to obtain one are different experiments such as tensile, upsetting or torsion tests. In the paper torsion test was used for obtaining the flow curve. In torsion test a cylindrical specimen is twisted by torque acting around its axis. Experimental data of torsion test were processed by determination of statistical characteristic of experimental results.
Evaluation of Mechanical Behaviour of Bone Cements by Using Acoustic Emission Technique
Authors: Ríos-Soberanis Carlos Rolando , Wakayama Shuichi , Sakai T. , Cervantes-Uc J.M. , May-Pat A.
Published: December 2013

Biomaterials such as acrylic bone cements are widely applied in orthopaedic surgery for the fixation of artificial joints. Therefore, the mechanical behavior of such materials under external stresses is of special interest in order to achieve long-term in vivo performance. Fracture process can be attributed to diverse random microscopic damage modes. As the load increases, new damage modes appear and the existing ones can transition into others depending on the nature of the material. However, limitation exists in detailing the understanding of the micromanage initiation and development, and, consequently, in optimizing biomaterials performance. This paper focuses in the study of the emission of acoustic signals from bone cements in order to monitor the evolution of the internal defects that are believed to dominate in vivo failure.
Modification of some Optical and Mechanical Properties of Amorphous As-S-Se Thin Films by Copper Introduction
Authors: Štrbac D.D. , Strbac G.R. , Stojanovic G. , Lukic S.R. , Petrovic D.D.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. In this research experimental investigation of the influence of copper introduction on some relevant parameters in As-S-Se amorphous thin films is performed. Copper is introduced into As2(S0.5Se0.5)3 amorphous thin film in concentration of 3 at.%. Samples of As2(S0.5Se0.5)3 and Cu3(As2(S0.5Se0.5)3)97 amorphous thin films are prepared by the vacuum thermal evaporation technique from previously synthesized bulk samples. Envelope method is applied for the determination of the optical constants, using the transmission and reflection spectra. The dispersion of the refractive index is discussed in terms of the single oscillator model proposed by Wemple–DiDomenico. Values of absorption coefficients in the high absorption region are discussed according to Tauc's law.Instrumented indentation testing is performed, using the Berkovich geometry indenter, for obtaining the value of nano-hardness.All the determined parameters have shown the increase with introduction of copper into amorphous thin film.
Sol Gel Characterization of Nano Kaolin
Authors: Muhd Norhasri M.S. , Hamidah M.S. , Abd Halim A.G. , Mohd Fadzil A.
Published: December 2013

Nano kaolin is product from kaolin also known as white clay. Kaolin was established as supplementary cementitious materials in concrete. The inclusion of kaolin in concrete enhances strength and durability properties and prolongs concrete life span. In this research, nanokaolin will be develop by using sol gel technique by that involves high energy milling. The process of milling been influenced by time of milling, ball and jar type. Ceramic type Zirconia (Zi) is been used as jar and ball type in this process. Time of milling was set from four (4) hours and one (1) days. Sample will be analyse by using particle size analyser to see the particle size and surface area of kaolin. From the result shows the optimum milling period for nanokaolin is one day base on particle size compare to 4 hours. Furthermore, one day milling produces a massive increment of surface area compare to others. In conclusion, one day can be considered as the optimum cycle time in the production of nano kaolin.
Prediction of the Remaining Service Life of Superheater and Reheater Tubes in Coal-Biomass Fired Power Plants
Authors: Asgaryan Mohammad , Simms Nigel J. , Wu Shao Min
Published: December 2013

Burning biomass in power plants is believed to result in severe fireside corrosion of superheater/reheater tubing and cause unexpected early failures of tubes. Morover, higher operating temeprtures and pressures (to increase the boiler efficiency) will also increase the risk of fireside and steamside oxidation damage to the boiler tubing and lead to shorter component lives. Predicting the remaining service life of superheater/reheater tubes in coal-biomass fired power plants is therefore an important aspect of managing such power plants. The path to this type of failure of tubes involves five processes: combustion, deposition, fireside corrosion, steam-side oxidation, and creep. To fully understand the impact of new fuel mixes and changing operating conditions on such failures, an integrated model of all of these processes is required. This work has produced an integrated set of models and so predicted the remaining life of tubes based on the conceptual and mathematical frameworks developed.
Current Mode Filters Using Current Feedback Amplifiers with Negative Impedance (Resistance)
Authors: Qadir Abdul , Ali Aamir
Published: December 2013

This paper describes a current mode filter using two current feedback amplifiers (CFA's). One CFA is used to simulate a negative resistor. The proposed circuit is very useful for low as well as high frequency applications. Circuit is simple and canonic. The use of grounded capacitors in the design make it suitable for implementation in CMOS technology.
Machinability of Short Potassium Titanate Fiber Reinforced Aluminum Alloy Composites Fabricated by Squeeze Casting
Authors: Asano Kazunori , Yoneda Hiroyuki , Higashi Kenji
Published: December 2013

Short potassium titanate fibers were selected as the reinforcements to obtain the machinable aluminum alloy composites. The composites were fabricated by squeeze casting, and the turning machinability of the composites was investigated. The whisker-reinforced composites were also fabricated to compare their properties with the fiber-reinforced composites. The cutting force was lowered by the reinforcement, and that of the fiber-reinforced composite was lower than that of the whisker-reinforced composites. The roughness of the machined surface was lowered by the reinforcement. This result and the in situ observation of cutting process indicate that the reinforcements in the composite suppress the formation of the built-up edge. Continuous chips were formed after cutting the unreinforced alloy, while serrated chips were formed after cutting the composites. Under the standard condition for the finishing cut of nonferrous metals, the composite can be machined for a long time without changing the carbide tool.
The Stress Field in a Flexed Beam with an Elastoviscoplastic Behavior
Authors: Mohamed Hadid , Saadallah Younès , Mebarak Bahri
Published: December 2013

The flexion solicitation induces in a bent beam a non-uniform stress field. The problem becomes more challenging when the material has a complex behavior, because the material may have different response from one area to another according to the local stress state. In the present work, it is considered, a six parameters rheological model to simulate the behavior of an elastoviscoplastic material. The mathematical law of the behavior is established; thereafter one must determine the beam bending curvature which is an essential and capital parameter for the flexion. Indeed, the bending curvature allows knowing the stress field in the beam. In viscoelastic step, the curvature is obtained by an analytical integration. While in the elastoviscoplastic step, two zones of different behaviors coexist which are namely viscoelastic and elastoviscoplastic, then a numerical integration is required. The numerical integration is achieved, and then the stress field is obtained through the beam and over the time.
Preparation and Characterization of Au/Al2O3 and Au-Fe/Al2O3 Materials, Active and Selective Catalysts in Oxidation of Cyclohexene
Authors: Ameur Nawel , Berrichi Amina , Bedrane Sumeya , Bachir Redouane
Published: December 2013

Monometallic gold and bimetallic gold-iron catalysts supported on alumina were prepared in order to check their activity and selectivity in the reaction of cyclohexene oxidation. Au/Al2O3 was prepared by a deposition precipitation with urea (DPU) method, while the bimetallic catalyst Au-Fe/Al2O3 was prepared by under potential deposition (UPD). The characterization by ICP and EDS showed that very small amount of iron are deposited near gold nanoparticles. However, TEM images showed that the deposition method of iron induced gold nanoparticles sintering. All catalysts were tested in the reaction of cyclohexene oxidation in order to check the influence of both the size of gold particles and the presence of iron on the catalytic activity and selectivity. Small gold nanoparticles were shown be efficient in cyclohexene oxidation where the presence of iron influenced widely the selectivity towards the formation of cyclohexene oxide.
Effect of Cold Rolling on Sensitization of 304 Stainless Steel Weldments
Authors: Milad M. , Zreiba N.
Published: December 2013

The sensitization of stainless steel type AISI304 (304SS) is evaluated as a function of pre-welding cold work and welding heat input. 304SS is cold rolled to various percentages of thickness reduction of up to 50% at ambient temperature before being TIG welded. The susceptibility of 304SS to sensitization (weld decay) is evaluated using ASTM A262, practice A and electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation tests. The results indicate that the influence of pre-welding cold work on the degree of sensitization (DOS) is distinct and appreciable within the range of 10% to 35% CR. In addition, within this range the optimum level of cold work after which the DOS starts to decrease is found to be inversely related to the amount of welding heat input. At higher levels of cold work of ≥ 35% CR, it is found that neither the cold work nor the heat input significantly influences the amount of DOS. Microstructural investigation showed that the predominant intergranular corrosion (IGC) occurs at austenite grain boundaries and less likely at ferrite / austenite interfaces of the weld metal. Meanwhile, transgranular attack at austenite bulk matrix along the defects is rarely observed.
Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Property Profile of Hybrid Ion- Exchanger
Authors: Kaith Balbir Singh , Saruchi Saruchi , Kaur Sandeep , Devi Meenakshi
Published: December 2013

Gum tragancanth based organic-inorganic hybrid ion exchanger has been synthesized using a mixture of sodium tungstate, orthophosphoric acid and potassium iodate. The different reaction conditions like reaction temperature, reaction time, pH of reaction medium, solvent volume, monomer concentration and initiator concentration were optimized in order to get the semi-IPN Gt-cl-poly (AA). Onto semi IPN, methylmethacrylate was incorporated using lipase-gluteraldehyde as the initiator-crosslinker system. The IPN finally was converted into ion-exchanger and was studied for its different physico-chemical properties. Ion exchange capacity was studied for Na+ and effect of different temperatures on ion exchange capacity was evaluated. Characterization was done using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and EDS techniques.
Nonlinear Multi-Scale Finite Element Method to Predict Tensile Behavior of Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Polymer Composites
Authors: Mohammadpour Ehsan , Awang Mokhtar
Published: December 2013

The ability of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to consider as the strongest and stiffest elements in nanoscale composites remains a powerful motivation for the research in this area. This paper describes a finite element (FE) approach for prediction of the mechanical behavior of polypropylene (PP) matrix reinforced with single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). A representative volume element is proposed for modeling the tensile behavior of aligned CNTs/PP composites. The CNT is modeled with solid elements. Modified Morse potential is used for simulating the mechanical properties of an isolated carbon nanotube. The matrix is modeled as a continuum medium by utilizing an appropriate nonlinear material model. A cohesive zone model is assumed between the nanotube and the matrix with perfect bonding until the interfacial shear stress exceeds the bonding strength. Using the representative volume element, a unidirectional CNT/PP composite was modeled and the results were compared with corresponding rule-of-mixtures predictions. The effect of interfacial shear strength on the tensile behavior of the nanocomposite was also studied. The influence of the SWCNT within the polymer is clearly illustrated and discussed. The results showed that polymer's Young's modulus and tensile strength increase significantly in the presence of carbon nanotubes.