bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ameliorative Potential of Chlorogenic Acid on Rotenone-Induced Neurotoxicity in Drosophila Melanogaster Model
Authors: Adeyemo-Salami Oluwatoyin Adenike , Afonja Opeyemi Jamiu , Adeleke Olamuyiwa Faosiyat , Adedara Adeola Oluwatosin , Abolaji Amos Olalekan
Published: November 2021

Chlorogenic acid (CA), abundantly found in green coffee beans, is a phenolic compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties amongst others. Exposure to rotenone, a natural pesticide, induces Parkinsonism (a type of neurodegeneration) through the induction of mitochondria dysfunction and oxidative stress. Phytochemicals with antioxidant properties may be promising in attenuating this condition. In this research, the ameliorative role of CA on rotenone-induced toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster was evaluated.

Drosophila melanogaster (Harwich strain, 1- 3 days old) was used. 6 groups of five vials each with 50 flies/vial were exposed to CA (0; control (2% ethanol), 7.5, 15, 30, 45 and 60 mg/kg diet) for 28 days in the longevity analysis. A 28-day survival assay was carried out with rotenone (0, 250 and 500 μM). CA (30 mg/kg diet) was selected to evaluate its ameliorative potential on rotenone. For the study, the flies were divided into four groups of five vials each and exposed to CA and rotenone; Group A- control (2% ethanol), Group B- CA only, Group C- rotenone only and Group D- CA (30 mg/kg diet)+ rotenone (500 μM)for 7 days. Thereafter, the homogenate was evaluated for oxidative stress status, rate of emergence, negative geotaxis and acetyl cholinesterase activity.

CA (30 mg/kg diet) extended the lifespan of flies by 21.4%. Also, CA ameliorated rotenone-induced perturbation in catalase, glutathione-S-transferase and acetyl cholinesterase activities, total thiol and glutathione levels, and behavioral deficit (p < 0.05).

CA may have ameliorative effect against rotenone-induced toxicity and Parkinsonism.
Pengembangan Modul Kimia Bermuatan Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Pada Materi Makromolekul
Authors: Viani Hanifah Octa , Kamaludin Agus
Published: November 2021

Kompetensi abad 21 menuntut keterampilan 4C peserta didik untuk mampu berpikir tingkat tinggi dalam menyelesaikan masalah, namun keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi peserta didik di Indonesia masih sangat rendah, berdasarkan peringkat Indeks Pengembangan Manusia dalam komposisi pencapaian pendidikan Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan model pengembangan 4-D ‎yang terdiri atas 4 tahap, yaitu define, design, development, dan disseminate, namun dibatasi sampai tahap ketiga atau development. Produk dinilai menggunakan instrumen penilaian kualitas skala Likert dan Gutmann. Produk yang ‎dikembangkan dinilaikan kepada dosen ahli media, dosen ahli materi, dan guru kimia SMA/MA dan direspon oleh peserta didik. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa berdasarkan penilaian ahli materi, modul kimia bermuatan HOTS yang ‎dikembangkan memperoleh persentase 96,00% dengan kategori Sangat Baik (SB). Penilaian oleh ahli media memperoleh persentase 90,90% dengan kategori Sangat Baik (SB), dan penilaian oleh guru kimia SMA/MA memperoleh persentase 85% dengan kategori Sangat Baik (SB), serta modul ini direspon positif oleh peserta didik dengan persentase 95%.
Avaliação do número de canais radiculares de incisivos inferiores usando tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico
Authors: Soldera Juliana de Moraes , Rosas Cesar Augusto Perini , Martins Alexandre Sigrist de , Ferreira Emílio Henrique Rocha Gonçalves , Bueno Carlos Eduardo da Silveira
Published: November 2021

Introdução: O estudo da anatomia da raiz e do canal radicular tem importância relevante para o tratamento endodôntico. Portanto, o conhecimento da morfologia do canal radicular é essencial para se realizar um tratamento que resulte em sucesso. No entanto, o profissional tem limitada informação desses conhecimentos, e um acesso difícil ao local de atuação. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o número de canais de incisivos inferiores, visto que estudos realizados sobre o assunto apresentam uma alta taxa de incisivos inferiores com dois canais radiculares. Métodos: Para avaliar com detalhes a anatomia interna das raízes dos incisivos inferiores, foi utilizada a tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) na observação dos canais radiculares, em dentes permanentes humanos. Foram analisadas 97 imagens tomográficas obtidas com um tomógrafo Orthopantomograph OP 300 (Instrumentarium, Tuusula, Finlândia) de pacientes que se submeteram ao exame por motivos diversos. Todos os grupos dentários foram avaliados individualmente, e sua morfologia interna foi determinada conforme a Classificação de Vertucci (1984). Resultados: Os resultados observados por meio do teste estatístico do qui-quadrado apresentaram maior frequência dos Tipos I e III (Classificação de Vertucci), em comparação aos outros tipos (p<0,001). Conclusão: Conclui-se que a TCFC é o recurso viável para auxiliar a prática endodôntica, especialmente em casos complexos, como a localização de canais radiculares. A ocorrência de mais de um canal em inci- sivos inferiores centrais e laterais foi de 23,71% nesse estudo realizado na população brasileira.
Uso do instrumento Reciproc Blue associado à terapia fotodinâmica: relato de caso
Authors: Silva Rogério Vieira , Santos Fernanda Lara Amaral Aguiar , Ravazzi Thayse Pithon Quadros , Rodrigues Clarissa Teles , Pereira Renato Piai
Published: November 2021

Introdução: A presença de microrganismos é considerada a principal causa de insucesso da terapia endodôntica. Além disso, a anatomia interna dos dentes também representa um grande desafio para os endodontistas. Desse modo, lançar mão da tecnologia reduz tempo clínico e aumenta a chance de sucesso da terapia endodôntica. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi relatar um caso clínico com a utilização de instrumentação mecanizada e o sistema Reci- proc Blue associados à terapia fotodinâmica. Descrição: Paciente do sexo feminino, melanoderma, compareceu à clínica escola de uma faculdade de Odontologia apresentando duas fístulas intrabucais ativas na região de fundo de vestíbulo próxima aos ápices dos dentes #12 e #22. Após os exames clínicos, radiográficos, testes de sensibilidade e rastreamento de fístulas, estabeleceu-se o diagnóstico de necrose pulpar, sugestível de abscesso apical crônico dos incisivos laterais superiores. Resultados: O tratamento endodôntico dos dois elementos dentários foi realizado em sessão única, utilizando o instrumento Reciproc Blue em movimento reciprocante associado à terapia fotodinâmica. Após 30 dias da conclusão dos tratamentos endodônticos e restauradores, os dentes apresentavam-se assintomáticos e com cicatrização das fístulas intrabucais. Conclusão: O uso do sistema Reciproc Blue associado à terapia fotodinâmica foi eficaz. Constatou-se o sucesso clínico e radiográfico da terapêutica aplicada, verificando-se o restabelecimento da região periapical, com regressão da lesão radiograficamente e ausência de sinais clínicos e sintomas de infecção do canal radicular. O acompanhamento por tempo prolongado é necessário para se avaliar o total reparo da lesão periapical.
Procedimentos regenerativos endodônticos com clorexidina a 2% e hidróxido de cálcio: relato de caso
Authors: Fruchi Lincoln de Campos , Alcalde Murilo Priori , Vivan Rodrigo Ricci , Bramante Clovis Monteiro , Duarte Marco Antonio Hungaro
Published: November 2021

Introdução: Muitas substâncias têm sido utilizadas como irrigantes e curativos intracanal nos tratamentos de dentes com rizogênese incompleta, visando obter a regeneração pulpar. A clorexidina a 2% em associação com hidróxido de cálcio P.A. pode ser uma alternativa. Métodos: No presente caso clínico, o dente #45 com periodontite apical, em um paciente com 13 anos de idade, foi tratado com solução de clorexidina a 2% como irrigante. A clorexidina na forma de gel a 2% foi utilizada como auxiliar da instrumentação e, em associação com o hidróxido de cálcio, foi utilizada como curativo durante 14 dias. Após esse período, o canal foi irrigado com solução fisiológica e, sob anestesia alveolar mandibular, uma lima K #70 foi utilizada ultrapassando levemente o ápice, para causar sangramento. Após observar que o sangue dentro dos canais alcançou a porção cervical, o cimento biocerâmico MTA Branco foi colocado na porção cervical do canal. Resultados: A apicificação e o desenvolvimento da raiz em comprimento e largura puderam ser observados já no controle de três meses, e continuaram até a última revisão, no controle de um ano. Alterações de cor não foram observadas nese período de acompanhamento. Conclusões: A clorexidina associada ao hidróxido de cálcio pode ser uma alternativa aos procedimentos de regeneração pulpar.
Resistance of Three Superior New Banana Varieties on Several Vegetative Compatibility Groups Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense
Authors: No Jumjunidang , Riska  , Yanda Resta Patma , Purnama Titin , Sutanto Agus , Hermanto Catur
Published: November 2021

Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah (Balitbu) Tropika telah melepas tiga varietas unggul baru (VUB) pisang dengan keunggulan masing-masing. Dalam menunjang keberhasilan pengembangan varietas unggul baru tersebut perlu diketahui informasi tentang ketahanannya terhadap beberapa Vegetative Compatibility Groups (VCGs) Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc). Tujuan penelitian ini ialah menentukan ketahanan tiga VUB pisang terhadap beberapa VCGs Foc di rumah kasa. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium proteksi tumbuhan dan rumah kasa Balitbu Tropika di Solok, dari bulan September 2016 sampai bulan Desember 2017. Rancangan yang digunakan ialah acak kelompok 21 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan, masing-masing perlakuan terdiri atas 10 tanaman. Sebanyak 3 VUB pisang (Ketan 01, Kepok Tanjung dan Raja Kinalun) masing-masing diinokulasi dengan 7 VCGs Foc: yaitu VCG 0120/15, 0123, 0124/5, 0126, 01218, 01213/16 dan 01219. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tiga VUB pisang menunjukkan respons ketahanan yang bervariasi terhadap isolat Foc dari berbagai VCGs dalam ras 1 dan ras 4. Ketahanan dipengaruhi oleh kompatibilitas masing-masing VCGs dari isolat Foc dengan varietas pisang. Varietas Ketan 01 (AA) mempunyai respons agak tahan dan tahan terhadap semua VCGs Foc yang diuji kecuali dengan VCG 0124/5 (ras 1) dan VCG 01213/16 (ras 4 tropis). Kepok Tanjung (ABB/BBB) rentan dan sangat rentan terhadap semua VCGs Foc, Raja Kinalun (ABB) memberikan respons tahan dan sangat tahan terhadap semua isolat VCGs Foc kecuali dengan isolat Foc VCG 0124/5 (ras 1) responsnya sangat rentan. Hasil penelitian ini bermanfaat sebagai informasi awal pengembangan varietas unggul baru pisang di Indonesia.
Cover Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 17 No. 4, Juli 2021
Authors: Hidayat Sri Hendrastuti
Published: November 2021

This editorial contains the front cover, editorial page, and back cover of the Indonesian Journal of Phytopathology, JFI Vol. 17 No. 4, July 2021.
Semantic Approach on Toshihiko Izutsu’s Translation of Surah Al-Alaq (96:1-19): Comparison of 3 Qur'an in Japanese Translation
Authors: Pamugari Alpina
Published: November 2021

Toshihiko Izutsu is a japanese non-Muslim Islamic thinker. He translated the Qur'an into Japanese in a distinctive and striking style compared to any other Japanese translator ever. The study took one example of a letter in the Qur'an, Alaq (96:1-19), and compared Izutsu's Japanese translation with a translation by the Japan Muslim Association (JMA) and Makoto Mizutani. It can be said that the Izutsu version attempts to convey not only the complex layered meaning of each chapter and each section of the Quran, but also the atmosphere of the Quran and the Arabian Peninsula at that time to Japanese readers at the same time. On the other hand, the other two Japanese translations seem to be attempting verbatim translations that are more faithful to the Arabic original. However, it might be able to be said that the JMA  version emphasizes providing an accurate meaning based on the Sunnah classics annotation by putting a detailed note even at the expense of readability while the Mizutani version is same level with JMA but the Arabic text is not attached and it’s the easiest to read among three version.Keyword: Semantics, Toshihiko Izutsu, Qur’an
A Perspective for Japan: Fukuzawa Yukichi’s “Theory of Civilization”, 1875
Authors: Seifert Wolfgang
Published: November 2021

This paper discusses the thought of Fukuzawa Yukichi, probably the most influential Japanese intellectual of the late nineteenth century, with particular reference to his attempt to develop a theory of civilization. For him, the civilizational approach was a framework for reflection on Japan’s situation in the world after the great changes of the 1850s and 1860s. He saw the preservation of national independence and the reform of Japanese society as primary goals, but they necessitated extensive learning from the experience and achievements of more advanced societies, especially those of Western Europe and the United States. However, he did not advocate a purely imitative Westernization. Japan’s distinctive identity and autonomous international stance were to be maintained. To clarify the reasons for transforming Japan in light of Western models without capitulating to them, he outlined an evolutionary conception of social change, understood in terms of an advance towards civilization. That kind of progress was not only a matter of technical and organizational development; it also involved the mobilization of whole peoples. On this basis, Fukuzawa articulated a more democratic vision of Japan’s future than the road subsequently taken by the Meiji government.
Bariery w życiu codziennym i ich wpływ na jakość życia osób z niepełnosprawnościami
Authors: Szulc Patrycja
Published: November 2021

Celem pracy jest określenie trudności, z jakimi borykają się jednostki z różnymi rodzajami niepełnosprawności oraz ich negatywnych skutków, wśród których wymienić można: ograniczenie możliwości uczestnictwa w życiu kulturalnym, społecznym i realizowaniu się w życiu zawodowym, utrudniony dostęp do dóbr społecznie pożądanych oraz obniżenie poziomu zadowolenia z życia tych jednostek. Uwaga zostanie skupiona przede wszystkim na określeniu wpływu barier na życie jednostek z niepełnosprawnością. W tym celu dokonam analizy materiałów zastanych, w których uwzględnione zostały utrudnienia, z którymi muszą się one mierzyć oraz sposobu, w jaki wpływają one na samopoczucie i całokształt życia jednostek. Określone zostaną sposoby ułatwiania jednostkom niepełnosprawnym aktywnego uczestnictwa w życiu społecznym oraz korzystania z dóbr na równi z osobami pełnosprawnymi z uwzględnieniem roli państwa w tym aspekcie: opisany zostanie kluczowy dokument zapewniający osobom z niepełnosprawnościami dostęp do dóbr, tj. Ustawa z dnia 19. lipca 2019 r. o zapewnianiu dostępności osobom ze szczególnymi potrzeb.
Influence of current density and temperature in the zinc electroplating process at sulfate-based acid solution: study on process efficiency and coating morphology
Authors: Abelha Carrijo Gonçalves Gabriel , Manoel Silveira Campos Pedro , Costa Veloso Tácia , Rosa Capelossi Vera
Published: November 2021

Zinc as a metallic coating is a common strategy to protect the carbon steel against corrosion. The most common process of zinc deposition is known as electroplating. Because of the high toxicity of cyanide-based baths, the interest in acid baths has grown, but they present many challenges to be overcome. Several operational parameters and bath constitution – such as current density, pH, and zinc concentration – can impact the current efficiency, deposit quality, and coating morphology. In this work, the process efficiency and the coating morphology were evaluated on electroplated AISI 1008 carbon steel samples. The current density and temperature were individually varied on a range from 7.5 mA.cm-2 to 30.5 mA.cm-2, and from 40 °C to 60 °C, respectively. The process efficiency was evaluated by current efficiency (eC). The surface morphology was analyzed by both optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Varying the bath temperature did not promote impacts in the current efficiency, which remained in all temperatures evaluated over 95%. On the other hand, increasing the current density, increased the current efficiency, starting from (85 ± 2)% at 7.5 mA.cm-2 to (92 ± 2)% at 19.0 mA.cm-2, and (95 ± 1)% at 30.5 mA.cm-2. Through OM and SEM analysis, the increase in the temperature tended to turn the coating rougher, and the sample was not completely covered at 7.5 mA.cm-2. Therefore, we recommend the use of a temperature between 40 °C and 50 °C associated with a current density of 30.5 mA.cm-2.
The Wars of Ebla at the Time of Minister Ibrium
Authors: Archi Alfonso
Published: November 2021

The formation of regional states started in Syria around the middle of the twenty-fifth century BC, and rivalry opposed one state against another already at the beginning of the following century. Mari defeated Abarsal (Tall Ḥuwēra), and Ebla payed tribute to Mari. Ebla then destroyed Abarsal and became an ally of Nagar (Tell Brāk) against Mari. Other four wars opposed Ebla to Mari: the first three were won by Ebla, the last was fateful to it. The documentation from Ebla comprehensively covers about forty years, a period that each power spent in war: either with its rival or its own revolting allies. This article follows year after year the wars of Ibrium during his eighteen years as minister of Ebla.
Effect of Feed-In Tariff with Deregulation on Directed Technical Change in the Energy Sector
Authors: Nakada Minoru
Published: November 2021

In this study, we examine how a feed-in tariff (FIT) accompanied with deregulation in the energy sector affects the direction of technical change along the balanced growth path. A final good is composed of resource-saving (such as renewable) energy and traditional resource-intensive energy. The government introduces a FIT scheme for promoting resource-saving energy, while it deregulates the traditional energy sector for efficiency improvement. The implementation of the scheme positively affects directed technical change toward the resource-saving energy technology and economic growth. Meanwhile, the biased technical change leads to an upsurge in the surcharge. Associated deregulation not only accelerates the biased technical change but also drives the surge in the surcharge rate, unless the initial market structure of the traditional energy sector is highly concentrated.
When is ostensive communication used for joint action?
Authors: Vesper Cordula , Morisseau Tiffany , Knoblich Günther , Sperber Dan
Published: November 2021

Joint actions typically require that information relevant for performing a task together is available to the interaction partners. In some situations, such information is perceptually retrievable and salient enough for co-actors to simply use it. In other situations, the relevant information needs to be actively shared among co-actors, e.g., by making it more perceptually salient or indicating it by means of a conventional signal. Here we consider a third case, where the information is not perceptually available and cannot be communicated by conventional means. How do joint action partners coordinate in such situations? We propose that co-actors resort to ostensive communication, that is, they draw attention to the fact that they intend to communicate some specific information. Two experiments tested the proposed role of ostensive communication for joint action. In a non-verbal joint building task, the category membership of different objects was known to only one person in a dyad, who needed to inform the partner which object type to use. In line with our hypothesis, most participants highlighted a particular object category with an ostensive gesture (characterized by containing more submovements than a natural placing movement) to resolve perceptual ambiguity. We conclude that ostensive communication is especially useful for joint action in situations where task-relevant information is not available to all co-actors and where it cannot be perceptually highlighted or conventionally communicated.
The Revival of the Past: Privatizing Cultural Practices in the Festival Era
Authors: Prasetyo Hery , Rosa Dien Vidia , Jannah Raudlatul , Handayani Baiq Lily
Published: November 2021

The issue of indigenous community revivalism is crucial related to identity problems and cultural practices in sustainable development. Capital accumulation through cultural commercialization becomes a means to create a cultural creative sector based on tourism. The case of Osing communities in Banyuwangi, East Java, explained and highlighted the cultural practices of indigenous identity to a political-economic agenda. The research used a discursive analysis method with the findings of several issues. First, there were discrepancies between the indigenous and village institutions over the vision of village development. Second, the emergent forms of elite domination in an indigenous village. Third, the economic profit which is introduced by the market system did not align with the constructed narratives of indigenous people as generous and selfless. Fourth, the revival of cultural tourism is followed by an improvement in the infrastructure as a development indicator. And fifth, the government did not effectively represent the will of the indigenous community. Those emerged the contradiction between maintaining and innovating the tradition as a challenge in cultural tourism projects. The conditions were examined as a politics of culture which is formulated by the state. Hence, cultural practices of indigenous community turned into festivals; notwithstanding, indigenous sustainability is still uncertain.
Elemental geochemistry of the Middle Jurassic shales in the northern Qaidam Basin, northwestern China: Constraints for tectonics and paleoclimate
Authors: Hou Haihai , Liu Shujun , Shao Longyi , Li Yonghong , Zhao Ming’en , Wang Cui
Published: November 2021

The elemental geochemical characteristics of mudstones/shales are good tracers for indicating the evolution of tectonics, paleoenvironment, and paleoclimate. Based on the continuous sampling of drilling cores from the Middle Jurassic Dameigou and Shimengou Formations in the northern Qaidam Basin, the major, trace, and rare earth elements of the 31 mudstones and shales were analyzed. The information on the evolution of tectonics, provenance, and paleoclimate during Middle Jurassic was also recovered. The results show that: (1) A couple of elements consisting of Sc, Y, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Th, and U are relatively enriched, indicating that the contents of siderophile and chalcophile elements are significantly high in the Middle Jurassic samples; (2) Changes in the chemical index of alteration, Ga/Rb, and K2O/Al2O3 ratios in the mudstone/shale samples suggest that the paleoclimate was changed from warm and humid in the early stage to cold and dry in the middle stage and to hot and arid in the late stage; (3) The Middle Jurassic provenance of the northern Qaidam Basin was predicted from upper crust and felsic rocks to the mixed felsic rocks and basic rocks; (4) The Middle Jurassic tectonic background was changed from passive continental margin to active continental margin and oceanic island arc. The paleoclimatic and paleogeographic evolution of northern Qaidam Basin were closely related to the surrounding paleo-oceanic and ancient plate activities. In the early stage of the Middle Jurassic, the extensional activity in the passive continental margin and the water vapor input was caused by the Tethys Ocean, resulting in a warm and humid paleoclimate. In the late stage of the Middle Jurassic, the tectonic background of the study area tended to be an oceanic island arc caused by compressive tectonic, which blocked the monsoon input and led to a hot and arid paleoclimate. The establishment of multiple geochemical profiles can provide a scientific basis for the climate changes in greenhouse–icehouses and source–sink systems of the Middle Jurassic in northwestern China.
Effects of ball milling on powder particle boundaries and properties of ODS copper
Authors: Li Pei , Chen Cunguang , Zhang Chenzeng , Xiao Na , Zhang Haifeng , Li Yang , Guo Zhimeng
Published: November 2021

Al2O3 dispersion-strengthened (ODS) copper has an excellent comprehensive performance due to the strong hindrance of the high concentration nano-Al2O3 to the dislocations inside copper grains. However, the processability of ODS copper is seriously deteriorated, which is caused by the presence of unfavorable microlevel Al2O3 particles along powder particle boundaries. In this study, a strategy of ball-milling-induced impurity removal is adopted to surmount the dilemma. It was found that the ball milling process can significantly weaken the formation of large Al2O3 particles in the primary boundaries. However, due to the activation of the powder particle surface, the metallurgical bonding between the powder particles is strengthened. The results showed that the ball-milled samples exhibited the optimal properties, including the ultimate tensile strength of 488 ± 3 MPa, elongation of 18.7 ± 0.7%, reduction in the area of 46.8 ± 1.2%, 82.2 ± 0.3 Rockwell Hardness measured on the B scale (HRB), and electrical conductivity of 77.2 ± 0.1% International Association of Classification Societies (IACS).
Computational fluid dynamic simulations to improve heat transfer in shell tube heat exchangers
Authors: Syah Rahmad , Bateni Amir , Valizadeh Kamran , Elveny Marischa , Shaeban Jahanian Mehdi , Ramdan Dadan , Davarpanah Afshin
Published: November 2021

Improving the thermal efficiency of shell-tube heat exchangers is essential in industries related to these heat exchangers. Installing heat transfer boosters on the side of the converter tube is one of the most appropriate ways to enhance heat transfer and increase the efficiency of this equipment. In this article, spring turbulence is studied using the computational fluid dynamics tool. The displacement heat transfer coefficient and the friction coefficient were selected as the primary target parameters, and the effect of using spring tabulators on them was investigated. The ratio of torsion step length to turbulence pipe length, wire diameter to pipe diameter ratio, and flow regime was studied as the main simulation variables, and the simulation results were compared with a simple pipe. The effect of water-acting fluid, R22, and copper Nanofluid on tubes containing turbidity was compared and investigated. This study showed that due to the pressure drop, the pipe with a torsional pitch to pipe length ratio of 0.17, a turbulent diameter to pipe diameter ratio of 0.15, and a Reynolds number of 50,000 with fluid R22 has the best performance for heat transfer.
A science mapping of studies on courtroom discourse with CiteSpace
Authors: Yang Min , Wang Min
Published: November 2021

The courtroom, as the most dramatic setting of legal language, is a rich linguistic domain for research; therefore, a science mapping study of the state of the art of this emerging field is of necessity. By CiteSpace V, the present study provides a comprehensive and up-to-date systematic review of the research on courtroom discourse, as presented by 379 article publications and their 10,538 references in the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection from 1979 to 2021. According to statistics on publications by year, it appears that courtroom discourse research has experienced a period of silence (1979–1992), followed by an emergent period (1993–2005), before entering a period of considerable growth since 2006. Weak cooperative networks, extensive information base, multiple research fronts, and dynamic hotspots of courtroom discourse research have been discovered. Courtroom discourse research focuses on three core topics: courtroom interpreting, the interaction between law, language, power, and ideology, and the investigation of courtroom trial structures. Linguistic communication issues are prominent in courtroom discourse. As far as courtroom subjects are concerned, there is an audience-oriented turn in the latest research front of courtroom discourse. The research hotspots have shifted from language ontology during the emergent period to consolidating and developing the theoretical foundations of courtroom discourse during the rapid development period. According to keyword clustering, stance studies and miscommunication research are significant research hotspots of courtroom discourse.
Robust optimization of multistage process: response surface and multi-response optimization approaches
Authors: Moslemi Amir , Seyyed-Esfahani Mirmehdi
Published: November 2021

A multistage system refers to a system contains multiple components or stages which are necessary to finish the final product or service. To analyze these problems, the first step is model building and the other is optimization. Response surfaces are used to model multistage problem as an efficient procedure. One regular approach to estimate a response surface using experimental results is the ordinary least squares (OLS) method. OLS method is very sensitive to outliers, so some multivariate robust estimation methods have been discussed in the literature in order to estimate the response surfaces accurately such as multivariate M-estimators. In optimization phase, multi-response optimization methods such as global criterion (GC) method and ε-constraints approaches are different methods to optimize the multi-objective-multistage problems. An example of the multistage problem had been estimated considering multivariate robust approaches, besides applying multi-response optimization approaches. The results show the efficiency of the proposed approaches.
Propagation of diffusing pollutant by kinetic flux-vector splitting method
Authors: Zia Saqib , Rabbani Omar , Rehman Asad , Ahmed Munshoor
Published: November 2021

In this article, the transport of a passive pollutant by a flow modeled by shallow water equations is numerically investigated. The kinetic flux-vector splitting (KFVS) scheme is extended to solve the one and two-dimensional equations. The first two equations of the considered model are mass and momentum equations and the third equation is the transport equation. The suggested scheme focuses on the direct splitting of the macroscopic flux functions at the cell interfaces. It achieves second-order accuracy by using MUSCL-type initial reconstruction and the Runge–Kutta time stepping technique. Several numerical test problems from literature are considered to check the efficiency and performance of the scheme. The results of the proposed scheme are compared to the central scheme for validation. It is found that the results of both the schemes are in close agreement with each other. However, our suggested KFVS scheme resolves the sharp discontinuous profiles precisely.
Inverse estimation of time-varying heat transfer coefficients for a hollow cylinder by using self-learning particle swarm optimization
Authors: Chen Kun-Yung , Tu Te-Wen
Published: November 2021

An inverse methodology is proposed to estimate a time-varying heat transfer coefficient (HTC) for a hollow cylinder with time-dependent boundary conditions of different kinds on inner and outer surfaces. The temperatures at both the inner surface and the interior domain are measured for the hollow cylinder, while the time history of HTC of the outer surface will be inversely determined. This work first expressed the unknown function of HTC in a general form with unknown coefficients, and then regarded these unknown coefficients as the estimated parameters which can be randomly searched and found by the self-learning particle swarm optimization (SLPSO) method. The objective function which wants to be minimized was found with the absolute errors between the measured and estimated temperatures at several measurement times. If the objective function converges toward the null, the inverse solution of the estimated HTC will be found eventually. From numerical experiments, when the function of HTC with exponential type is performed, the unknown coefficients of the HTC function can be accurately estimated. On the contrary, when the function of HTC with a general type is conducted, the unknown coefficients of HTC are poorly estimated. However, the estimated coefficients of an HTC function with the general type can be regarded as the equivalent coefficients for the real function of HTC.
Hopf bifurcations in a network of FitzHugh–Nagumo biological neurons
Authors: Popov Igor Y. , Fedorov Evgeny G.
Published: November 2021

The paper is focused on the analysis of effect of coupling strength and time delay for a pair of connected neurons on the dynamics of the system. The FitzHugh–Nagumo model is used as a neuron model. The article contains analytical conditions for Hopf bifurcations in the system. A numerical verification of the results is given. Several examples of global bifurcation in the system were analyzed.
Digitale Räume geben und nehmen – Unterrichtsinteraktion in DSH-Kursen während der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Drumm Sandra , Müller Mareike , Stenzel Nadja
Published: November 2021

Das Auftreten der COVID-19-Pandemie stellt Fremdsprachenkurse vielerorts vor Herausforderungen. Unter Zuhilfenahme diverser digitaler Tools werden nicht nur Lernmaterialien online geteilt, sondern auch die Interaktion zwischen Lehrenden und Lernenden sowie der Lernenden untereinander in den virtuellen Raum verlagert. Qualitative Interviews mit den Beteiligten erfassen, wie diese mit den Herausforderungen videogestützten Sprachunterrichts umgehen und welche Strategien sie wählen, um Sprachenlernen zu ermöglichen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen auf, wo seitens der Kursorganisation und -durchführung Handlungsbedarf besteht.
Perspectives into the possible effects of the B.1.1.7 variant of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on spermatogenesis
Authors: Kallumadyil Andrea M. T. , McClenahan Tess , De Filippis Samantha , Vungarala Ananya , Satyadev Nihal , Waters Robert S. , Kulkarni Anand L.
Published: November 2021

B.1.1.7 is a recently discovered variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) associated with increased transmissibility. Recent findings indicate that this variant has a propensity to infect adolescents and children at higher rates than adults. The virus gains entry into various body cells utilizing angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) and basigin (CD147) as receptors. The virus mainly affects type II pneumocytes of lungs, endothelial cells, enterocytes, and renal tubular cells. It is reported to affect testes, causing testicular pain, and producing histopathological changes, as observed in some autopsies. The B.1.1.7 variant can also affect various cells in the testes. This raises a major concern regarding the long-term effects of the viral infection on spermatogenesis and highlights the pressing need for a robust database of serum samples from infected male children.
Intrauterine Bakri balloon tamponade plus cervical cerclage for the prevention and treatment of postpartum haemorrhage in late pregnancy complicated with acute aortic dissection: Case series
Authors: Peng Mei , Yu Ling , Deng Yali , Zhong Wen , Nie Yanting , Deng Wen , Huang Jian , Ding Yiling
Published: November 2021

In this study, a treatment method was assessed for the prevention and treatment of postpartum bleeding after combined surgery in patients having late pregnancy with the complication of acute Stanford type A aortic dissection. The clinical records of ten patients receiving treatment at the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between March 2012 and March 2021 were retrospectively analysed. All patients were diagnosed with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection according to computed tomography angiography of the thoracic and abdominal aorta. Aortic valve function was assessed using two-dimensional echocardiography. All patients experienced uterine-incision delivery under systemic anaesthesia. During the operation, intrauterine Bakri balloon tamponade and cervical cerclage were performed. Postpartum bleeding was effectively controlled for all patients. The extracorporeal circulation time was 230–295 min, the postpartum 24 h bleeding volume was 500–870 mL, the volume of physiological saline injected into the balloon was 290–515 mL, and the intrauterine balloon compression time was 28–51 h. No postpartum bleeding occurred. A 42-days follow-up showed no late postpartum bleeding, poor uterine incision healing, or puerperal infection, and no uterine removal was performed. Intrauterine Bakri balloon tamponade plus cervical cerclage can effectively prevent intra- and postoperative postpartum bleeding in pregnant patients with aortic dissection.
Observing multifarious topological phase transitions with real-space indicator
Authors: Lu Yong-Heng , Wang Yao , Mei Feng , Chang Yi-Jun , Zheng Hang , Jia Suotang , Jin Xian-Min
Published: November 2021

First- and second-order topological phases, capable of inherent protection against disorder of materials, have been recently experimentally demonstrated in various artificial materials through observing the topologically protected edge states. Topological phase transition represents a new class of quantum critical phenomena, which is accompanied by the changes related to the bulk topology of energy band structures instead of symmetry. However, it is still a challenge to directly observe the topological phase transitions defined in terms of bulk states. Here, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate the direct observation of multifarious topological phase transitions with real-space indicator in a single photonic chip, which is formed by integration of 324 × 33 waveguides supporting both first- and second-order topological phases. The trivial-to-first-order, trivial-to-second-order and first-to-second-order topological phase transitions signified by the band gap closure can all be directly detected via photon evolution in the bulk. We further observe the creation and destruction of gapped topological edge states associated with these topological phase transitions. The bulk-state-based route to investigate the high-dimensional and high-order topological features, together with the platform of freely engineering topological materials by three-dimensional laser direct writing in a single photonic chip, opens up a new avenue to explore the mechanisms and applications of artificial devices.
Why-questions and focus in Italian
Authors: Beltrame Francesco , Chesi Cristiano
Published: November 2021

In this study we argue that the appropriateness of an answer to awhy-question, potentially bearing on multiple contrast classes, is mainly influenced by the focalized argument, which identifies the relevant reference set. The focalization structure, however, interacts in a non-trivial way with the thematic structure and its accessibility, suggesting a general (independent) prominence of the direct object (DO) over the indirect one (IO). In correlation to that, we also observed that DO appears more resistant to extraction compared to IO, while it seems felicitous in a post-IO focalized low position (light NP-shifting). These contrasts are obtained by running five distinct experiments in Italian targeting various dislocation configurations: Four forced choice tasks manipulating leftward dislocation (i) clefting versus (ii) fronting versus (iii) clitic left dislocation and (iv) postverbal reordering (canonical DO IO order vs. IO DO) in ditransitive predicates. Then (v) an acceptability judgment study was administered to assess the difficulty in figuring out a licensing context coherent with the argument ordering, provided in the why-question. To minimize the interacting factors, all sentences included null subjects and a context was provided for each experimental item in the forced choice tasks, introducing the relevant contrast classes.
Fiber-optic Michelson interferometer based on α-Fe2O3/ZrO2sensing membrane and its application in trace fluoride-ion detection
Authors: Yue Zizheng , Feng Wenlin
Published: November 2021

In this work, a fiber-optic fluoride-ion-detection Michelson interferometer based on the thin-core fiber (TCF) and no-core fiber (NCF) coated with α-Fe2O3/ZrO2sensing film is proposed and presented. The single-mode fiber (SMF) is spliced with the TCF and NCF in turn, and a waist-enlarged taper is spliced between them. Then, a silver film is plated on the end face of NCF to enhance the reflection. After the absorption of fluoride ion by the sensing film, the effective refractive index (RI) of the coated cladding will change, which leads to the regular red shift of the interference dip with the increasing fluoride-ion concentration. Thus, the fluoride-ion concentrations can be determined according to the corresponding dip wavelength shifts. The results show that the sensor has an excellent linear response (R2= 0.995) with good sensitivity (8.970 nm/ppm) when the fluoride-ion concentration is in the range of 0–1.5 ppm. The response time is about 15 s. The sensor has the advantage of good selectivity, good temperature and pH stabilities, and can be applied to detect fluoride ion effectively.
Synthesis, hydrogen bond interactions and crystal structure elucidation of some stable 2H-imidazolium salts
Authors: Al-Sheikh Ahmed , Mallah Eyad , Sweidan Kamal , Abualassal Qais , Abudayeh Zead , Abu-Qatouseh Luay , Steimann Manfred
Published: November 2021

Reaction of 1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene (1) with phthalimide, quinazolinedione, thiophenole and 4-pyridinethiole led to the formation of the hydrogen-bonded salts, imidazolium phthalimide (2), imidazolium quinazolinedione (3), imidazolium thiophenolate (4) and imidazolium 4-pyridinethiolate (5), respectively, in good yield. In crystals of 2, the anion is linked to the imidazolium cation by a C–H···O hydrogen bond, while in 3 and 5 C–H···N hydrogen bonds are observed. In 4, the imidazolium ion is linked to the anion by C–H···S hydrogen bonds. In compounds 2, 3 and 5, the interionic hydrogen bonds are close to linearity, while the interionic hydrogen bond angle in 4 is 148.5(9)°.
Drivers Human Resources 4.0: Technological, Organisational & Environmental of Human Resources 4.0 at Malaysian Private Companies
Authors: Shaharudin Muhammad Shabir , Zulkifli Wahida Najiha , Gui Anderes , Fernando Yudi
Published: November 2021

This study aims to evaluate and measure the Driver of Human Resources 4.0: Technology, Organization and Environment. Besides that, the study also suggests the better Driver Human Resources 4.0 to increase at the company in future. Meanwhile, these research objectives were found 1) to identify the relationship between technological drivers with Human resource 4.0. 2) To investigate the relationship between organisational drivers with Human resource 4.0. 3) to analyse the relationship between environmental drivers and Human resource 4.0. The theoretical model used was the Technology-organization-environment (TOE) Theory. The methodology for this research that has a quantitative method using a questionnaire survey by google form with has five (5) Likert scales. The questionnaire surveys by google form were sent to Malaysian private companies. This research used descriptive statistical analysis convergent validity and mean value analysis, correlation testing, which have been automatically generated by Smart PLS software version 3.3.2 statistical software to test the hypothesis for this research. From the tests that have been conducted, Driver Human Resources 4.0: Technology, Organization and Environment are the variables that affect the Human Resources in happening in Malaysian Public Companies. At the end of the study, the research questions were answered, and specific recommendations were made for the case technology. The most efficient recruiting networks have been identified as a result of this research, the most appropriate selection strategies have been suggested, and adequate retention techniques have been explored. In addition, some additional ideas have been given for future research for example the sense of accelerating the pace of transition, organizational factors may play a major role in the creation of an environment conducive for learning and innovation in a company nowadays.
The Effect of Lean and Agile Practices on Supply Chain Operational Performance in Malaysia Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Lee Khai Loon , Xing Qi Teh
Published: November 2021

This study investigates the influence of lean and agile practices on supply chain operational performance in Malaysia manufacturing industry. The lack of IT flexibility, little information sharing, poor delivery performance, and low product quality affect responsiveness, reliability, agility, and cost of supply chain operational performance Malaysia manufacturing industry. This study has utilized the Resource-Based View (RBV) theory to strengthen the framework of this study. The research objectives in this study are to investigate the effect of lean practices and analyzed the effect of agile practices on supply chain operational performance in Malaysia manufacturing industry. To achieve the research objectives, a quantitative research approach is necessitated. The population of this study is 3626 manufacturing companies in Malaysia. The minimum sample size is 107, suggested by a G-power statistical analysis software. Besides, the cluster random sampling technique is used in sample selection. Furthermore, a total of 550 online questionnaires was distributed by email to the manufacturing industry in Malaysia and received a return of 112 responses from respondents representing a 20.36% response rate. Besides, Smart-PLS 3.0 was chosen as the software used for data analysis. Based on research findings, all of the eight hypotheses were supported. The theoretical and practical implication was presented before, the limitations and recommendations were discussed. In conclusion, lean and agile practices play a significant role in improving supply chain operational performance in the Malaysia manufacturing industry.
Wie viel "safe space" verträgt die Wissenschaft?
Authors: Follert Florian , Daumann Frank
Published: November 2021

Wissenschaft ist per definitionem kritisch und lebt vom Diskurs. In der Literatur wird vermehrt darauf hingewiesen, dass sich aus gesellschaftlichen Entwicklungen und der Forderung nach sog. „safe spaces“ innerhalb der Wissenschaft neue Herausforderungen ergeben. Es zeigt sich, dass zwischen wissenschaftlicher Freiheit und einer absoluten Wohlfühlatmosphäre ein Konflikt besteht. Der vorliegende Beitrag betrachtet das Spannungsfeld vor dem Hintergrund des Liberalismus und wendet hierzu das bekannte Liberalismus- Paradoxon, welches durch Sen (1970) begründet wurde, auf die Forderung nach „safe spaces“ im Wissenschaftsbetrieb an. Es zeigt sich, dass die Institutionalisierung von Wohlfühlbereichen eine normative Wertung erfordert, die mindestens ein Individuum in seiner Freiheit beschränkt. Der Beitrag diskutiert daher die Rückbesinnung auf das „Ethos der Forschung“ als mögliche Alternative zu institutionalisierten „safe spaces“.
Physicochemical analysis of apple and grape pomaces
Authors: Gowman Alison C. , Picard Maisyn C. , Rodriguez-Uribe Arturo , Misra Manjusri , Khalil Hamdy , Thimmanagari Mahendra , Mohanty Amar K.
Published: November 2021

This study details a comprehensive analysis of apple and grape pomaces that were generated in the course of juice and wine production, respectively. An extensive physicochemical analysis of these pomaces was performed to determine the elemental composition, ash content, sugar profile, and lignocellulose content. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were taken to examine the morphology of the pomaces. Thermal stability was also examined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Infrared spectroscopy was performed to observe the functional groups on the surfaces of the pomace samples. Grape pomace (GP) had better thermal stability than apple pomace (AP), but washing AP improved its thermal stability. The results from this study provide crucial information for various value-added applications of both apple and grape pomaces, especially for applications which are temperature-dependent. The diversion of these materials from waste back into the economic stream can alleviate their environmental burden and promote sustainable product development.