bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular Simulations Assisted Analysis on Improved Free Radical Removal Ability of Fullerene(C60)–Curcumin Aggregates
Authors: Fengyuan Bian , Houze Zhang , Wei Zhou , Dongsheng Bai
Published: February 2025

The self‐aggregation of curcumin (Cur) on the surface of fullerene (C60) was induced by the ultrasonic solvent exchange method. Associating the characterization results of infrared spectrum, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy, the molecular structure and morphology of two components in the aggregates (C60/Cur) were determined unchanged essentially. By analyzing the dependence of related cosmetic effects on the aggregating ratio of C60 and Cur, the monolayer saturation was found advantageous to improve the amphiphilicity and oxidation resistance. Especially, C60/Cur showed a better performance to eliminate free radicals compared to the counterpart of simply mixing C60 and Cur. Based on molecular simulations of the Forte module, the self‐aggregation is proposed occurring through π–π stacking interactions between the benzene ring from curcumin and the spherical π bond of C60, and a molecular configuration was offered for displaying the optimal spatial arrangement of C60/Cur. Furthermore, the Mulliken charges on the phenolic hydroxyl groups of the curcumin molecules with original and aggregated state were calculated, respectively, using Gaussian software, and the charge values were found to transfer from negative to positive due to the aggregating. The dispersion of the electron cloud on the benzene ring was recognized responsible to enhance the electron absorption capacity of the phenolic hydroxyl group, thereby improving free radical removal ability of C60/Cur.
Recyclable Porous Manganese Substituted Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dyes
Authors: Kadam K. V. , Malavekar D. B. , Jadhav S. B. , Magdum V. V. , Chitare Y. M. , Gunjakar J. L. , Kim Jin Hyeok , Khot V. M.
Published: February 2025

The degradation of dyes in wastewater via photocatalysis offers a sustainable and effective treatment method, requiring materials with high porosity and suitable band gaps. This study explores manganese (Mn) substitution in zinc ferrite [MnxZn1‐xFe2O4] (x = 0–1) to tune porosity and band gap. X‐ray diffraction confirmed the crystal structure and Mn incorporation, while TEM showed an average particle size of 54.32 nm. UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy revealed a red shift in the absorption edge with increasing Mn content, enhancing visible‐light responsiveness. Mn substitution increased porosity and reduced the band gap due to lattice strain and new electronic states, improving optical properties. The Mn0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 (MZ4) catalyst demonstrated outstanding performance, achieving 90%, 90%, and 88% degradation of RhB, MB, and ChT dyes, respectively, under visible‐light irradiation within 240 min. These findings highlight the potential of Mn‐substituted zinc ferrite nanoparticles for efficient photocatalytic dye degradation.
The First Case of an Aryl Imination Reaction by Direct Nucleophilic Substitution of Hydrogen: Synthesis of 2‐arylimino Derivatives for 1,2‐dihydro‐1‐methyl‐5(6,7,8)‐nitroquinolines
Authors: Pobedinskaya Diana Y. , Demidov Oleg P. , Ermolenko Artem P. , Avakyan Elena K. , Borovleva Anastasia A. , Larin Alexander N. , Borovlev Ivan V.
Published: February 2025

The oxidative SNH aryl imination of 1‐methyl nitro quinolinium salts is described. The first 2‐arylimino derivatives of 1,2‐dihydro‐1‐methyl‐5(6,7,8)‐nitroquinolines have been synthesized in a one‐step reaction (ONSH process) under mild conditions and without preliminary introduction of a leaving group. The resulting products are stable and cannot be obtained via direct interaction of anilines with the corresponding quinolones. The approach found is interesting due to its simplicity of implementation, since the reaction involves the nucleophilic addition of anilines induced by the base, followed by the oxidation of the σH adducts occurring in one pot. This article discusses the synthesis conditions and optimization procedures. We also noted the influence of the position of the nitro group on the reaction yield. A possible reaction mechanism is proposed, supported by the detection of an intermediate product using an NMR experiment. The method's simplicity and retaining the nitro group in the final product offer considerable potential for further structural diversification.
Excited State Transient Phenomena in Two Different Phases of the Photoactive MOF MIP‐177(Ti)
Authors: Kuila Aneek , Diez‐Cabanes Valentin , Melillo Arianna , Gosch Jonas , Dhakshinamoorthy Amarajothi , Yao Shilin , Mouchaham Georges , Serre Christian , García Hermenegildo , Navalon Sergio , Durrant James R. , Maurin Guillaume , Paz Yaron
Published: February 2025

The metal organic framework (MOF) MIP‐177(Ti) is under the spotlight for its robust photo‐response and stability. This MOF can be synthesized in forms: MIP‐177(Ti)‐LT (LT: low temperature) and MIP‐177(Ti)‐HT (HT: high temperature). The MIP‐177(Ti)‐LT version comprises of Ti12O15 units interconnected by 3,3′,5,5′‐tetracarboxydiphenylmethane (mdip) ligands and interconnecting formate groups. Upon high temperature treatment, MIP‐177(Ti)‐LT loses its formate groups, thus rearranging into a continuous 1‐D chain of Ti6O9 units leading to the MIP‐177(Ti)‐HT. Based on this 1‐D connected structure, one should expect a higher catalytic activity of MIP‐177(Ti)‐HT. Nevertheless, the hydrogen evolution reaction photoactivity assessment clearly indicates the opposite. Combining transient IR measurements (TRIR), TAS and DFT/TD‐DFPT calculations unveils the reasons for this situation. The TRIR measurements evidence that the photoinduced electrons are located in the inorganic part, while the holes are in the mdip ligand. The longer lifetime of MIP‐177(Ti)‐LT is mapped onto a slower decay of the Ti–O related peaks. A reversible change in the coordination of the carboxylate groups from a bidentate to a monodentate coordination is observed only in MIP‐177(Ti)‐LT. Complementary DFT and TD‐DFPT simulations demonstrate a higher electron delocalization on the inorganic part for MIP‐177(Ti)‐LT (hence, enhanced mobility and slower recombination), thus explaining its superior photocatalytic activity.
Cellular Spatial Sensing Determines Cell Mechanotransduction Activity on the Aligned Nanofibers
Authors: Sun Qian , Qiu Tiecheng , Liu Xiaojing , Wei Qiang
Published: February 2025

The geometric properties of extracellular matrix (ECM) fibers play a crucial role in regulating cellular behaviors and functions. Although extensive research has examined the effects of fiber alignment, conflicting results have often arisen, leaving the precise mechanisms by which electrospun fiber alignment affects cellular behavior still unclear. This study investigates how the arrangement of polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospun fiber substrates affects cellular mechanosensing by modulating cell positioning. Larger cells, whose width on a coverslip exceeds 5 times the width of the aligned fiber gaps (≈8 µm in this study) and that span multiple aligned fibers, demonstrate enhanced spreading and mechanotransduction. Conversely, smaller cells, whose width is less than or equal to 2.5 times the width of the aligned fiber gaps and are confined within fiber interstices, exhibit limited mechanotransductive signaling. These findings are further supported by manipulating cell size and, more importantly, have led to the fabrication of semi‐aligned fiber networks that enhance both cell spreading and mechanotransduction. This research emphasizes the importance of optimizing fiber architecture to improve cellular interactions, offering valuable insights for the design of biomimetic scaffolds in tissue regeneration.
Whole‐Component Antigen Nanovaccines Combined With aTIGIT for Enhanced Innate and Adaptive Anti‐tumor Immunity
Authors: Wang Weitao , Wu Haitao , Zhang Xuan , Hong Yang , Tao Shi , Cao Xiangjing , Wang Shipeng , Zha Lisha , Zha Zhengbao
Published: February 2025

Using entire tumor cells or tissues that display both common and patient‐specific antigens can potentially trigger a comprehensive and long‐lasting anti‐tumor immune response. However, the limited immunogenicity, low uptake efficiency, and susceptibility to degradation of whole‐component antigens present significant challenges. In this study, we employed tumor lysates (TLs) as whole‐component antigens, in conjunction with MgAl‐layered double hydroxide (MA) as nanoadjuvants and Mn2+ as immunostimulants, to create personalized MMAT (Mn2+‐MA‐TLs) nanovaccines. After subcutaneous injection of MMAT nanovaccines, the high local concentrations of TLs and Mn2+ facilitated the recruitment and activation of antigen‐presenting cells (APCs), thereby inducing a robust adaptive immune response. Remarkably, MMAT nanovaccines enabled lysosomal escape, enhanced antigen cross‐presentation, and activated the cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS)‐stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway in APCs. Furthermore, MMAT nanovaccines, when combined with the anti‐TIGIT monoclonal antibody (aTIGIT), an immune checkpoint inhibitor, not only stimulated T‐cell‐based adaptive anti‐tumor immune responses but also activated the NK‐cell‐based innate anti‐tumor immunity, effectively suppressing tumor growth, recurrence, and metastasis. Thus, the ternary MMAT nanovaccines developed here introduced a pioneered paradigm for the rapid preparation of whole‐component tumor antigens with nanoadjuvants and immunostimulants into nanovaccines, offering new prospects for clinical immunotherapies.
“Frozen” Ionogels with High and Tunable Toughness for Soft Electronics
Authors: Li Feiyang , Wu Kefan , Zhang Xian , Fu Yuanmao , Sun Taolin , Guo Honglei , Wang Xiaolin , Guo Hui , Meng Yuezhong
Published: February 2025

As a promising material, ionogels have garnered increasing interest in various applications including flexible electronics and energy storage. However, most existing ionogels suffer from poor mechanical properties. Herein, an effective and universal strategy is reported to toughen ionogels by freezing the polymer network via network design. As a proof of concept, an ionogel is readily prepared by copolymerization of isobornyl acrylate (IBA) and ethoxyethoxyethyl acrylate (CBA) in the presence of ionic liquid, resulting in a bicontinuous phase‐separated structure. The rigid, ionic liquid‐free PIBA segments remain frozen at service temperature and serve as a load‐bearing phase to toughen ionogels, while the flexible PCBA phases maintain high ionic liquid content. As a result, the mechanical properties of ionogels are noticeably improved, showing high rigidity (48.5 MPa), strength (4.19 MPa), and toughness (8.19 MJ · m−3). Moreover, ionogels also exhibit remarkable thermo‐softening performance, strong adhesiveness, high conductivity, shape memory properties, and satisfactory biocompatibility. When used as an ionic skin, the ionogel can not only respond to different deformation but also accurately and consistently detect body motions over long periods. This novel strategy in toughening ionogels can pave the way for the development of various tough and stable ionotronic devices.
Enhancing resilience with natural growth targeting
Authors: Orphanides Athanasios
Published: February 2025

Despite a number of helpful changes, including the adoption of an inflation target, the Fed's monetary policy strategy proved insufficiently resilient in recent years. While the Fed eased policy appropriately during the pandemic, it fell behind the curve during the post‐pandemic recovery. During 2021, the Fed kept easing policy while the inflation outlook was deteriorating and the economy was growing considerably faster than the economy's natural growth rate—the sum of the Fed's 2% inflation goal and the growth rate of potential output. The resilience of the Fed's monetary policy strategy could be enhanced, and such errors be avoided with guidance from a simple natural growth targeting rule that prescribes that the federal funds rate during each quarter be raised (cut) when projected nominal income growth exceeds (falls short) of the economy's natural growth rate. An illustration with real‐time data and forecasts since the early 1990s shows that Fed policy has not persistently deviated from this simple rule with the notable exception of the period coinciding with the Fed's post‐pandemic policy error.
Attaining 15.1% Efficiency in Cu2ZnSnS4 Solar Cells Under Indoor Conditions Through Sodium and Lithium Codoping
Authors: Gong Yuancai , Jimenez‐Arguijo Alex , Caño Ivan , Scaffidi Romain , Malerba Claudia , Valentini Matteo , Payno David , Navarro‐Güell Alejandro , Segura‐Blanch Oriol , Flandre Denis , Vermang Bart , Perez‐Rodriguez Alejandro , Giraldo Sergio , Placidi Marcel , Jehl Li‐Kao Zacharie , Saucedo Edgardo
Published: February 2025

The rising demand for sustainable low‐power devices has driven interest in indoor photovoltaic (IPV) technologies for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Composed of earth‐abundant and non‐toxic elements, Kesterite‐based Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) solar cells are highly attractive for IPV. This study systematically investigates the effects of sodium (Na), lithium (Li), and Na–Li co‐doping on solution‐processed CZTS devices. A comprehensive analysis reveals that Na‐doping substantially improves crystallinity and grain morphology, significantly boosting efficiency, whereas Li alone has minimal impact. Notably, Na–Li co‐doping achieves a 10.1% efficiency under AM 1.5G illumination, outperforming both the reference and singly doped devices. The co‐doping synergy arises from Na‐induced grain growth and Li‐induced defect passivation and carrier concentration regulation. These devices exhibit high adaptability under 20 different indoor lighting conditions representative of real‐world environments, achieving up to 15.1% power conversion efficiency under 3000 K illumination at 2.93 mW cm−2;—the highest reported indoor efficiency for CZTS cells. Their stable open‐circuit voltage, high fill factor, and consistent efficiency across various color temperatures and intensities underline their suitability for IPV applications. Future work should focus on improving bandgap alignment with indoor light spectra to further enhance the efficiency of this eco‐friendly technology for IoT energy solutions.
Experimental and numerical study on seismic behavior of double‐inclined reinforced concrete beam‐column joints
Authors: Shen Xinyu , Zhang Chao , Liu Kun , Zhu Zhan , Liu Chengtao
Published: February 2025

The adoption of diamond‐shaped pylons leads to double‐inclined beam‐column joints (BCJs), whose seismic behavior and shear strengths have not been studied. In this work, one regular and three double‐inclined BCJs were tested to investigate the effects of column inclination and column axial load level on the seismic behavior of BCJs. Besides, parametric analysis based on a finite element model was also conducted to further reveal the effects of key parameters on the joint shear strengths of double‐inclined BCJs. Results indicated that the column inclination led to initial stress on the column and joint core, accelerating the joint cracking and damage development. Compared to the regular BCJ, the inclined BCJ showed reduced loading capacity, joint shear strength, ductility, and viscous damping. Furthermore, the behavior of double‐inclined BCJs was evidently affected by the column axial load. A higher column axial load could change the failure mode from joint shear to mixed joint shear and column flexure, leading to improved loading capacity, ductility, energy dissipation, and joint shear strength. Meanwhile, the joint shear strengths of the inclined BCJs were effectively improved by adopting higher concrete strength, while the benefits of increasing the joint stirrup ratio were relatively limited.
Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Production – Catalyst Design Strategies Based on Crystal Structures of Multimetal Oxides
Authors: Sugawara Yuuki , Yamaguchi Takeo
Published: February 2025

Solid‐state crystalline multimetal oxides have been widely studied for their applications as electrode materials, e. g., in fuel cells, water electrolyzer, lithium‐ion batteries, and metal‐air batteries. Particularly, hydrogen production via water electrolysis is considered a key technology for realizing a sustainable circular carbon society. Enhancing the activity of electrocatalysts is a critical challenge for improving the efficiency of the water electrolysis technology. Thus, strategies for designing prominent catalyst materials have drawn considerable attention. Our group has been conducting research aimed at establishing comprehensive design strategies for the rational and rapid development of highly active catalysts. In this Personal Account, we present our research efforts on enhancing the activity of cost‐efficient nonprecious metal‐based oxide catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction at the anode of water electrolysis. Specifically, we propose design strategies based on crystal structures of multimetal oxides and demonstrate how these strategies have contributed to the development of highly active electrocatalysts.
Maternal Exposure of SD Rats to Benzo[a]Pyrene Impairs Neurobehavior and Hippocampal Synaptic Ultrastructure in Offspring via Downregulating Synaptic‐Associated Factors
Authors: Zhang Yu , Guo Yuting , Du Linhu , Zhao Junxiu , Ci Xiaorui , Yin Jinzhu , Niu Qiao , Mo Yiqun , Zhang Qunwei , Nie Jisheng
Published: February 2025

Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is a carcinogenic contaminant widely present in the environment. Recently, increasing studies have paid attention to the developmental neurotoxicity of B[a]P in offspring in their early life stages; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been clearly elucidated. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of prenatal B[a]P exposure on neurobehavior of pups during their brain growth spurt (BGS) period and also explore the potential underlying mechanisms. Pregnant Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats were intraperitoneally exposed to 0, 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg‐bw B[a]P for three consecutive days during embryonic days 17–19. The physiological development index of pups was observed, and a series of neurobehavioral tests assessing sensory and motor maturation were performed. The complexity of dendritic branches and the basal dendritic spine density of CA1 pyramidal neurons were examined using Golgi‐Cox staining during PND 1–14. In addition, the mRNA and protein expression levels of hippocampal BDNF, SYP, Arc, PSD‐95, DNMT1, and DNMT3a, and the level of 5‐mC were detected using RT‐qPCR, Western blotting, or immunohistochemical staining, respectively. We noted that prenatal B[a]P exposure induced body weight loss and neurobehavioral impairments in the early life stages. Furthermore, this study firstly revealed that maternal exposure to B[a]P impaired the dendritic arborization and complexity of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus CA1 subfield in offspring during the early postnatal period, and the damage of B[a]P to basal dendritic spine density was also observed in a dose‐dependent manner. Correspondingly, maternal exposure to B[a]P markedly reduced BDNF, Arc, SYP, and PSD‐95 mRNA and protein levels in the offspring hippocampus. Meanwhile, the levels of hippocampal DNMT1, DNMT3a, and 5‐mC significantly increased in the offspring prenatally exposed to B[a]P. In summary, this study firstly demonstrated that maternal B[a]P exposure induced neurobehavioral deficits by destroying the hippocampal synaptic ultrastructure, which was possibly associated with the downregulation of BDNF, Arc, SYP, and PSD95 in the hippocampus through increased DNMTs‐mediated DNA methylation in offspring during the BGS period.
Effect of hormonal therapy on satisfaction rates after penile prosthesis surgery in prostate cancer survivors
Authors: Jacob Jerril , Khalafalla Kareim , Desai Ishav , Wang Run
Published: February 2025

Background

Prostate cancer, a prevalent malignancy in men, often results in erectile dysfunction (ED), particularly following treatments like radical prostatectomy (RP) and radiotherapy, significantly affecting quality of life. Managing ED in prostate cancer survivors is critical. Inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) implantation is a well‐established treatment for ED, yet the literature on satisfaction rates for patients with a history of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) remains sparse. We aimed to investigate the impact of ADT on satisfaction rates in patients undergoing IPP implantation following RP or radiation therapy (XRT).

Methods

A retrospective review of 529 patient charts identified 96 eligible patients who underwent IPP implantation post‐prostate cancer treatment and completed the 11‐item Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS) questionnaire. Patients were stratified into two groups based on ADT status, and their satisfaction scores were compared. Effect sizes were used to assess clinical relevance alongside statistical significance (p = 0.0344).

Results

Patients receiving ADT had significantly lower EDITS scores (p = 0.0344) compared to those not on ADT. RP patients reported higher satisfaction post‐IPP compared to XRT patients, even after controlling for ADT. Additionally, coronary artery disease (CAD) was associated with lower satisfaction scores.

Conclusion

ADT significantly lowers patient satisfaction post‐IPP, with RP patients generally reporting higher satisfaction than XRT patients. These findings highlight the importance of counseling prostate cancer patients on ADT's impact on long‐term sexual satisfaction and suggest areas for further research to enhance outcomes.
Interpretable Artificial Intelligence for Analysing Changes in Gases in the Uterine Environment of Cows According to Physiological Structures in the Ovary
Authors: Risvanli Ali , Tanyeri Burak , Yildirim Güngör , Tatar Yetkin , Gedikpinar Mehmet , Kalender Hakan , Safak Tarik , Yuksel Burak , Karagulle Burcu , Yilmaz Oznur , Barut Cebrail , Kilinc Mehmet Akif
Published: February 2025

The objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between the gases in a cow's uterine environment and its ovarian physiological structures using the sunflower optimisation algorithm (SFOA) deployed in a device called Metrisör, developed by our project team. A total of 500 uteruses obtained from slaughtered cows served as the experimental sample. Gas measurements were taken from 489 uteruses with no clinical metritis or microbiological growth. Additionally, the diameters of the corpus luteum and follicles in the ovaries were measured using callipers. These results were then analysed based on the presence or absence of a corpus luteum (CL) and follicles larger or smaller than 1.5 cm. According to uterine gas fluctuations, the presence and absence of CL could be detected at rates of 80.60% and 79.60%, respectively. Also, based on uterine gas changes, the presence of ovarian follicles larger than 1.5 cm was determined 82% of the time, and the presence of follicles smaller than 1.5 cm was determined 80% of the time. In conclusion, it was found that different stages of a cow's sexual cycle might involve changes in uterine gases. Thus, the data from this study may enable the development of a new estrus detection method for cows.
Soil Masing Behaviour for Offshore Wind Turbines—Fatigue Design and a Simple Damping Model
Authors: Ryan Gerard V. , Adcock Thomas A.A. , McAdam Ross A.
Published: February 2025

Fatigue damage accumulation for offshore wind turbines is highly dependent on damping of the structure and particularly on the soil damping contribution during idling conditions. This paper presents an efficient method to estimate soil damping specific to wind turbine design and offshore environmental conditions. The method assumes a narrow‐banded response, suitable for turbines in low damping conditions. The proposed method demonstrates that soil damping varies significantly with load level and that predictions can be improved over the common industry practice of assuming a constant soil damping value. The fatigue damage predicted using this proposed method is calibrated using a multi‐surface plasticity foundation model. The structural response with this plasticity model is also compared to linear elastic soil modelling without any soil damping. This analysis shows that significant reductions in damage may be observed when soil Masing behaviour is incorporated. Overall, this paper shows that soil plasticity, and its variation with load level, should be included within a design framework and suggests a straightforward way of doing so.
Schockraumauslastung in deutschen Traumazentren
Authors: Schindler Cora R. , Pavlu Florian , Faul Philipp , Störmann Philipp , Bieler Dan , Schweigkofler Uwe
Published: February 2025

Einleitung

Der Gemeinsame Bundesausschuss (G-BA) veröffentlichte im April 2018 eine Regelung zu einem gestuften System von Notfallstrukturen an Krankenhäusern (nach Sozialgesetzbuch V) und legte damit die Grundsätze für Notfallversorgung im stationären Sektor fest. Die Strukturanforderungen für die Versorgung von potenziell Schwerverletzten wird primär durch die Fachgesellschaft definiert und bedeutet eine hohe personelle Vorhaltung bei gleichzeitig jährlich zunehmender Auslastung bei steigenden Patientenzahlen. Ziel der Studie ist es, die tatsächliche Auslastung der traumatologischen Schockräume in zertifizierten Traumazentren zu erfassen.

Methodik

Hierzu wurde eine deutschlandweite Online-Umfrage unter 619 zertifizierten Traumazentren DGU® durchgeführt, um die Häufigkeit der Schockraumalarmierungen zu quantifizieren. Die Ergebnisse wurden retrospektiv mit den Daten aus den Jahresberichten 2021 und 2022 des TraumaRegister DGU® verglichen.

Ergebnisse

Die beteiligten Kliniken meldeten im Jahr 2021 22.479 und im Jahr 2022 24.366 Schockraumalarmierungen (Rücklaufquote der Online-Antworten von 24,1 %). Von diesen Alarmierungen entfielen 70 % auf überregionale Traumazentren. Die Vergleichsanalyse zeigte, dass die realen Fallzahlen 3‑ bis 5‑mal höher sind als die im TR-DGU® dokumentierten Daten. 80 % der Schockräume wurden aufgrund geringer Verletzungsschwere nicht im Register erfasst.

Die Studie belegt die Diskrepanz zwischen der dokumentierten und der tatsächlichen Auslastung der Schockräume in deutschen Traumazentren und betont die Notwendigkeit, die finanzielle und personelle Berücksichtigung der Traumazentren an die reale Inanspruchnahme anzupassen, um eine weiterhin hohe Versorgungsqualität zu gewährleisten.

Graphic abstract
Optimization of thermal conduction welding parameters in LPBFM for enhanced adhesion control
Authors: Simon Joshua , Redlich Tobias , Wulfsberg Jens-Peter
Published: February 2025

Laser powder bed fusion of metals (LPBFM) is an additive manufacturing process in which powdered alloy is selectively fused together to form near net shape parts. A method is proposed which optimizes parameters for the thermal conduction process window to omit lack of fusion defects. The approach takes into account: material, geometry, and previously experimentally derived robust process parameters. It entails experiments to calibrate and qualify the model to enable fine-tuning of process parameters for laser scan vectors to compensate for changing boundary conditions throughout the build. The objective is to satisfy defined adhesion conditions for the solidified melt tracks of each laser scan vector. The method transforms the build job preparation of LPBFM into an optimization problem. The required precision of model result is calculated based on adhesion conditions for the melt tracks and requirements derived for manufacturing model usage on the shop floor. The work contributes to a model-based quality assurance of LPBFM technology.
A randomised controlled trial comparing three clinical administration strategies in spectral detector CT pulmonary angiography with low contrast medium dose
Authors: Kristiansen Cathrine Helgestad , Thomas Owen , Nyquist Anton Bengt , Sanderud Audun , Boavida Joao , Geitung Jonn Terje , Tran Thien Trung , Lauritzen Peter Mæhre
Published: February 2025

Objectives

To compare vascular attenuation (VA) with three strategies for administering a low contrast medium (CM) dose in dual-layer spectral detector CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA).

Methods

Patients were prospectively randomised into control- or one of two experimental groups. Control group patients received CM (350 mgI/mL) diluted 1:1 with saline. Experimental group B received CM (350 mgI/mL) with low flow. Experimental group C received CM with low concentration (140 mgI/mL). Virtual monoenergetic images at 40 and 55 kiloelectron Volt (keV) were reconstructed. Objective examination quality (OEQ) i.e., VA, noise, and signal-to-noise ratio, was measured and subjective examination quality (SEQ) was rated at three anatomical levels: in the pulmonary trunk (PT), the interlobar arteries and the posterior basal segmental arteries. Primary outcome: VA in PT at 40 keV. Secondary outcomes: OEQ and SEQ across all anatomic levels.

Results

A total of 328 patients were randomised. 112 vs 115 and 101 were analysed in the control (A) vs experimental groups (B and C), respectively. There were no differences in VA in PT between the groups: A vs B (p = 0.96), B vs C (p = 0.14), and A vs C (p = 0.18). Group C showed higher VA across all anatomical levels. There were no differences in SEQ.

Conclusion

There was no difference in the attenuation in the PT between the dilution-, low flow-, and low concentration groups. However, the low concentration group showed higher attenuation in the pulmonary arteries when all anatomical levels were assessed.

Key Points

Question

Contrast medium reduction may be accomplished with dilution, low flow, or low concentration. However, the effect of the different strategies on vascular attenuation is unknown.

Findings 

There was no difference in pulmonary trunk attenuation between the three strategies on spectral detector CT pulmonary angiography.

Clinical relevance

 Low contrast medium dose spectral detector CT pulmonary angiography may be implemented with the administration strategy of the unit’s own choice.
Reproducibility of methodological radiomics score (METRICS): an intra- and inter-rater reliability study endorsed by EuSoMII
Authors: Akinci D’Antonoli Tugba , Cavallo Armando Ugo , Kocak Burak , Borgheresi Alessandra , Ponsiglione Andrea , Stanzione Arnaldo , Koltsakis Emmanouil , Doniselli Fabio Martino , Vernuccio Federica , Ugga Lorenzo , Triantafyllou Matthaios , Huisman Merel , Klontzas Michail E. , Trotta Romina , Cannella Roberto , Fanni Salvatore Claudio , Cuocolo Renato
Published: February 2025

Objectives

To investigate the intra- and inter-rater reliability of the total methodological radiomics score (METRICS) and its items through a multi-reader analysis.

Materials and methods

A total of 12 raters with different backgrounds and experience levels were recruited for the study. Based on their level of expertise, raters were randomly assigned to the following groups: two inter-rater reliability groups, and two intra-rater reliability groups, where each group included one group with and one group without a preliminary training session on the use of METRICS. Inter-rater reliability groups assessed all 34 papers, while intra-rater reliability groups completed the assessment of 17 papers twice within 21 days each time, and a “wash out” period of 60 days in between.

Results

Inter-rater reliability was poor to moderate between raters of group 1 (without training; ICC = 0.393; 95% CI = 0.115–0.630; p = 0.002), and between raters of group 2 (with training; ICC = 0.433; 95% CI = 0.127–0.671; p = 0.002). The intra-rater analysis was excellent for raters 9 and 12, good to excellent for raters 8 and 10, moderate to excellent for rater 7, and poor to good for rater 11.

Conclusion

The intra-rater reliability of the METRICS score was relatively good, while the inter-rater reliability was relatively low. This highlights the need for further efforts to achieve a common understanding of METRICS items, as well as resources consisting of explanations, elaborations, and examples to improve reproducibility and enhance their usability and robustness.

Key Points

Questions

Guidelines and scoring tools are necessary to improve the quality of radiomics research; however, the application of these tools is challenging for less experienced raters.

Findings

Intra-rater reliability was high across all raters regardless of experience level or previous training, and inter-rater reliability was generally poor to moderate across raters.

Clinical relevance

Guidelines and scoring tools are necessary for proper reporting in radiomics research and for closing the gap between research and clinical implementation. There is a need for further resources offering explanations, elaborations, and examples to enhance the usability and robustness of these guidelines.
The effect of high-pressure metasomatism on the boron isotope signature of subducted oceanic crust in the Raspas Complex (Ecuador)
Authors: Xu Jie Dodo , Marschall Horst R. , Gerdes Axel , Schmidt Alexander , John Timm
Published: February 2025

Boron abundances and B isotopic compositions of well-characterized blueschists and eclogites from the Raspas Complex (Ecuador) were analyzed to improve the use of boron as a tracer for recycling at convergent margins. The MORB-type eclogite interacted with internally-derived fluids released from metabasalt during the transition from blueschist to eclogite, with input from sediments. During metasomatism, B was gradually leached from the MORB-type eclogites (decrease from 6
$$\upmu $$
g/g to 1.5
$$\upmu $$
g/g), and their B isotopic composition was driven to isotopically heavier values in the range of
$$-$$
7.4
$$\permille $$
to
$$-$$
3.4
$$\permille $$
. The B isotopic composition of the metasomatic fluid is estimated between
$$-3$$
and +1
$$\permille $$
. The isotopic composition of the least metasomatized MORB-type eclogite samples (
$${-7.4\pm 0.7}{\permille }$$
) is considered close to the B isotopic composition of the dehydrated AOC in the case of Raspas at the stage of deepest subduction and most extensive dehydration. This constitutes a decrease in
$$\delta ^{11}\text {B}$$
of approximately 10
$$\permille $$
from its likely pre-subduction AOC protolith. The blueschist experienced a type of high-pressure metasomatism that is distinct from the one that affected the MORB-type eclogites. The metasomatic fluids were internally-derived and released by metabasalt as well, but with more input from sediments. The metasomatic fluid had a B isotope signature of approximately
$$-$$
5.2
$$\permille $$
. The zoisite eclogite samples show a very distinct mineralogical and geochemical composition that records the highest degree of high-pressure metasomatic overprint. Their elemental and isotopic composition was thereby set to
$$\text {[B]}={2.1\pm 0.3}\upmu \hbox {g/g}$$
and
$$\delta ^{11}\text {B}={-5.8\pm 1.8}{\permille }$$
. As demonstrated in previous studies, the high-pressure metasomatic fluid that caused the metasomatic overprint was mainly derived from– or interacted with– serpentinite, but had admixed components from metabasalts and metasediments. The B isotopic composition of the respective fluid is estimated at
$${-2.6} {\permille }$$
, which overlaps with the composition of most volcanic arc basalts. This study, therefore shows, that metasomatic fluids that migrated through the Raspas slab at a depth of 50–70km had a B isotopic composition between
$$-5.2$$
to +1
$$\permille $$
and were, thus, significantly heavier than that of the mantle.
Quantifying neurodegeneration within subdivisions of core motor pathways in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using diffusion MRI
Authors: Almgren Hannes , Mahoney Colin J. , Huynh William , D’Souza Arkiev , Berte Sienna , Lv Jinglei , Wang Chenyu , Kiernan Matthew C. , Calamante Fernando , Tu Sicong
Published: February 2025

Background

Diffusion MRI is sensitive to white matter changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The current study aimed to establish disease profiles across core motor pathways, and their relevance to clinical progression in ALS.

Methods

Sixty-five participants (ALS = 47; Control = 18) were recruited for the study. White matter integrity of motor, somatosensory, and premotor subdivisions within the corticospinal tract and corpus callosum were quantified by fibre density, fibre-bundle cross-section, structural connectivity, and fractional anisotropy. Analyses focused on identifying diffusion metrics and tract profiles sensitive to ALS pathology, and their association with clinical progression.

Results

Reduced fibre density of the motor subdivision of the corpus callosum (CC) and corticospinal tract (CST) demonstrated best performance in classifying ALS from controls (area-under-curve: CCmotor = 0.81, CSTmotor = 0.76). Significant reductions in fibre density (CCmotor: p < 0.001; CSTmotor: p = 0.016), and structural connectivity (CCmotor: p = 0.008; CSTsomatosensory: p = 0.012) indicated presence of ALS pathology. Reduced fibre density & cross-section significantly correlated with severity of functional impairment (ALSFRS-R; CCmotor: r = 0.52, p = 0.019; CSTmotor: r = 0.59, p = 0.016). The largest effect sizes were generally found for motor and somatosensory subdivisions across both major white matter bundles.

Conclusion

Current findings suggest that ALS does not uniformly impact the corticospinal tract and corpus callosum. There is a preferential disease profile of neurodegeneration mainly impacting primary motor fibres. Microstructural white matter abnormality indicated presence of ALS pathology while macrostructural white matter abnormality was associated with severity of functional impairment. Quantification of white matter abnormality in corticospinal tract and callosal subdivisions holds translational potential as an imaging biomarker for neurodegeneration in ALS.
Analysis of the (1+1) EA on LeadingOnes with Constraints
Authors: Friedrich Tobias , Kötzing Timo , Neumann Aneta , Neumann Frank , Radhakrishnan Aishwarya
Published: February 2025

Understanding how evolutionary algorithms perform on constrained problems has gained increasing attention in recent years. In this paper, we study how evolutionary algorithms optimize constrained versions of the classical LeadingOnes problem. We first provide a run time analysis for the classical (1+1) EA on the LeadingOnes problem with a deterministic cardinality constraint, giving

$$\Theta (n (n-B)\log (B) + nB)$$

Θ
(
n
(
n
-
B
)
log
(
B
)
+
n
B
)

as the tight bound. Our results show that the behaviour of the algorithm is highly dependent on the constraint bound of the uniform constraint. Afterwards, we consider the problem in the context of stochastic constraints and provide insights using theoretical and experimental studies on how the (

$$\mu $$

μ

+1) EA is able to deal with these constraints in a sampling-based setting.
Is low carbon energy consumption sufficient for a sustainable environment in BRICS economies? Evidence from novel Fourier asymmetric CS-ARDL
Authors: Caglar Abdullah Emre , Daştan Muhammet , Demirdag Ismail , Avci Salih Bortecine
Published: February 2025

Sustainable economic growth and limiting environmental degradation are increasingly crucial for countries, as there has been a significant shift in ecological balance since the Industrial Revolution. Economic activities in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) also expand the ecological footprint while reducing biocapacity. To support these economies in meeting their environmental commitments, this research spotlights the influences of income growth, low-carbon energy consumption, and urbanization on the Load Capacity Factor. However, it is worth noting that previous papers have assumed a linear association between cleaner energy and environmental quality, often ignoring the implications of fluctuations in low-carbon energy consumption, such as the combination of renewables and nuclear energy, on ecological sustainability. Therefore, by introducing a sophisticated “Fourier Asymmetric Cross-Sectional Autoregressive Distributed Lag” model, this paper aims to address this gap by including disaggregated positive and negative shocks in low-carbon energy use and integrating the Fourier terms to account for possible structural shifts. Furthermore, the study tests the LCC hypothesis. The findings, based on the period 1992–2022, reveal that in both the short and long term, negative shocks in low-carbon energy consumption increase ecological well-being, while positive shocks jeopardize environmental sustainability. Furthermore, the outcome questions the validity of the LCC hypothesis in the BRICS context and identifies urbanization as a factor that deteriorates ecological well-being. Consequently, the paper’s implications underscore the urgent need for policies to transition to a green economy, low-carbon energy, and smart urbanization practices in BRICS for ecological sustainability.
Outpacing climate change: adaptation to heatwaves in Europe
Authors: Walkowiak Marcin Piotr , Bandurski Karol , Walkowiak Jarosław , Walkowiak Dariusz
Published: February 2025

Current predictions of climate change impacts rely on conservative assumptions about a lack of adaptation, projecting significantly increased heatwave mortality. However, long-term studies have shown a decline in actual heatwave deaths, raising questions about the underlying mechanisms. We combined Eurostat weekly mortality data (baseline extracted via Seasonal-Trend decomposition by Loess and smoothed through Principal Component Analysis dimension reduction and reconstruction) with economic indicators, Copernicus temperature data since 1950, and ENTSO-E electricity demand data. Panel regression analyzed mortality patterns during weeks with daily temperatures exceeding 22 °C for 2000–2022. During the analyzed period, Europe outpaced climate change, with the capacity to tolerate an additional 1 °C rise every 17.9 years [95% CI 15.3–22.7]. Extending the temperature indicators beyond the prior 3 years did not enhance predictive accuracy, suggesting swift adaptations and historical climate lacked any predictive value. Additionally, increasing economic output, likely driven by infrastructural improvements, especially greater affordability of air conditioning, enabled tolerating each additional 1 °C due to a per capita GDP increase of 19.7 thousand euros [95% CI 14.6–30.3]. Consistently, the increase in cooling energy demand was the strongest in eastern Europe. The findings shed light on the mechanisms driving the observed reduction in heatwave mortality despite the warming climate trend, offering a more plausible basis for extrapolation than assuming a lack of adaptation. The model emphasizes the role of long term economic growth and addressing energy poverty.
Improving geothermal doublet efficiency in multiple sandstone horizons in Hannover/Germany
Authors: Suilmann Jonas , Tischner Torsten , Graf Thomas
Published: February 2025

In Hannover, Germany, a deep borehole was drilled to explore the use of geothermal energy for the heat supply of office buildings. The targets are multiple subdivided sandstone horizons of the Wealden formation (Lower Cretaceous) at a depth of 1200–1300 m and a temperature of around 70 °C. The technical feasibility of the doublet operation is assessed by numerically investigating the effects of well spacing, injection/production rate and injection temperature using a 3D model. In particular, the production temperature drop is investigated to optimize well spacing and doublet lifetime. The effect of uncertain sandstone permeability and surrounding rock thermal conductivity on doublet lifetime is also investigated. The results indicate that a doublet well spacing of 500 m can sustain heat production with a thermal power output of 0.5 to 2 MW over a lifetime of at least 30 years, demonstrating the general feasibility of geothermal heat production from multiple sandstone horizons.
Rejuvenating the gut: young plasma therapy improves cell proliferation, IGF-I and IGF-IR expression, and immune defense in aged male rats jejunum
Authors: Asmaz Ender Deniz , Tan Murat , Genç Aysun Inan , Teker Hikmet Taner , Ceylani Taha
Published: February 2025

It is well known that aging affects many systems in the body. The digestive system is one of the systems most affected by aging. In our study, we examined the effects of young plasma treatment on cell proliferation, growth factors, immune defense and histological parameters in the jejunum of aged male rats. For this purpose, aged male Sprague Dawley rats (24 months, n = 7) were treated with pooled plasma (0.5 ml/day, intravenously for 30 days) collected from young (5 weeks, n = 51) rats. Aged rats that received young plasma treatment were grouped as the experimental group, while aged rats formed the control group. At the end of the experiment, the jejunums of the groups were collected and histological parameters such as villus height, crypt depth, total mucosal thickness and surface absorption areas were measured and compared. In addition, cell proliferation index and proliferation intensity in the crypt glands of the jejunum were evaluated with proliferating cell nuclear antigen and expressions of growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and its receptor (IGF-IR) expression and effects of immunoglobulin A (IgA), which plays a role in the defense of the digestive system against microorganisms, were examined. In the experimental group, an increase in histological parameters, IGF-R and IGF-IR expression, proliferation density, proliferation index and IgA expression density and IgA cell count were observed compared to the control group. These results suggest that young plasma treatment has a positive effect on the digestive system and may be a potential therapeutic for tissue regeneration.
Achieving multifunctionality in green infrastructure projects: a fuzzy evaluation and Gini index of Key drivers in developing countries
Authors: Seidu S. , Edwards D. J. , Owusu-Manu D. , Chan D. W. M. , Abdulai S. F. , Buertey J. I. T.
Published: February 2025

While many developed countries are well advanced in green infrastructure (GI), more efforts are needed to bring less developed regions to speed. Existing evidence shows that GI understanding differs significantly among stakeholders due to the multifunctionality concept. As key technical stakeholders in GI implementation, there is little empirical knowledge of the multifunctional attributes of GI systems among built environment professionals in developing regions. This study provides an in-depth analysis to fill this knowledge gap through a combination of the Gini coefficient and fuzzy synthetic evaluation toward understanding the multifunctionality concept of GI among built environment professionals in developing regions. As a measure of dispersion, the stationary driver points to a constant factor that underpins the implementation of GI across several geographic regions. The need to mitigate urban heat islands and enhance ecosystem services were revealed as the anchors among built environment professionals in supporting GI development; hence, specific attention needs to be accorded to these dimensions in GI policies. Ecosystem services, water resources management, and thermal regulation were identified as the three broad multifunctional drivers of GI in developing nations. For effective water management in GI projects, integrated green-grey infrastructure systems are recommended. To achieve thermal objectives, insulation materials are pivotal. The ecosystem properties are more passive as compared to thermal and water management; hence, specific considerations must be accorded to ensure GI success. The key contribution of the study was the delineation of the key multifunctional factors that support GI adoption and implementation success in developing regions.