bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caffa as Thalassopoliteia: The Genesis of the Civic “Maritime Identity” in a Late Medieval City
Authors:   Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Emanov Alexander G.
Published: October 2023

In this article, the author deals with the formation of Caffa by the end of the fourteenth century as the leading thalassopoliteia in the Black Sea region, when the head of the city of Caffa became “the ruler of the whole Black Sea” at the same time. The author refers to Liber Gazariae (1341), Caffa’s Statuta (1316, 1449), Caffa’s notarial acts from the fourteenth–fifteenth centuries, Massaria Caffae 1381, 1424, Italian pilot charts, Byzantine periploi from the fourteenth–fifteenth centuries, Italian nautical charts from the fourteenth–fifteenth centuries, and materials of archaeological excavations in Feodosia port. Following the study, the author reveals the essence of the thalassopoliteia of Caffa in the pre-modern world which involved the establishment of Caffa’s territorial power over the entire coastline of the Crimean Peninsula in the form of the “Great Chora”; control over maritime communications, requirements of obligatory calls to the port of Caffa for all vessels sailing the Black Sea; creation of a maritime logistics network in the form of ports, harbours, berths, and anchorages for the export of local products, which was served by ships, loaders, and the metrological service of Caffa’s port; introduction of the semaphore signaling system within the “Great Chora” of Caffa ensuring safety of navigation in the Black Sea; neutralisation of piracy, corsairing, and maritime actions of hostile countries, reimbursement of damages to affected citizens of Caffa; creation of a naval chain of fortresses and fortifications with locations of fast-moving battle triremes; development of shipbuilding and ship repair infrastructure both in the port of Caffa and in its subordinate ports; formation of the institution of Caffa’s thalassopoliteia, a special “maritime identity”, the birth of the idea of “contract with the sea”.
“The Companion of War”: Dysentery in Bonaparte’s Army of the Orient (1798–1801)
Authors:   Saratov State University Saratov, Tchoudinov Alexander V. ,   Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: October 2023

The history of wars provides abundant material for the study of epidemics since they have often accompanied military conflicts. The Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars of France are especially interesting for researchers due to their duration, the geographical diversity of theaters of military operations, and the large number of participants. The first Russian studies on “Napoleonic epidemiology” published recently show that this era opens wide opportunities to historians in this regard. The author of this article follows in line with such studies, trying to identify the causes and features of the epidemic of dysentery in Bonaparte’s troops which occupied Egypt in 1798–1801, and to establish what impact the epidemic had on the course of the expedition. The doctors of the Army of the Orient were initially very afraid of plague, which they had not dealt with before their arrival in Egypt. Dysentery was well known to them, as people often contracted it in France. To combat the disease, they had a set of tools that had been used more or less successfully for decades in Europe. However, in practice, the epidemic of dysentery turned out to be so deadly in the Army of the Orient that in terms of the death toll, it could be compared with plague, if not even surpassed it. According to the author, the reason for such a high lethality of this disease was the fact that in Egypt, it was caused by another, more pathogenic carrier than in France, and the fact that French doctors could designate several intestinal diseases endemic to Egypt and similar to dysentery with a single concept of “dysentery”, which they had no experience in combating with. French doctors did not use hygiene measures that could prevent the spread of this disease, because they were guided by erroneous ideas about the etiology of dysentery, considering it a consequence of hypothermia of the body.
Problems of Supply of Suvorov’s Army in the Campaign of 1799
Authors:   State Academic University for the Humanities, Moscow, Bolt Valentina S. ,   Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: October 2023

This article examines the problems of providing the united Russian-Austrian army under the command of A. V. Suvorov, which acted in 1799 in the Italian and Swiss theatres of war. By agreeing with Russia on the formation of a united contingent, the Austrian government assumed obligations to fully supply it during the entire period of hostilities. The extant testimonies of the participants of the campaign make it possible to analyse certain aspects of the supply of allied troops during the war. No significant supply problems were recorded at the Italian theatre during the entire campaign. Even though Suvorov was commander-in-chief of the entire Russian-Austrian forces, the quartermaster services were subordinate to Hofkriegsrat, the Austrian military department. For this reason, the Austrian officials were entirely in charge of food procurement. The main difficulty was frequent delays in deliveries, which, with the general discoordination of the actions of the Russian and Austrian commands, periodically had a negative impact on the military operations. When the army marched from Italy to Switzerland through mountains unsuitable for moving large wagons, the food problem became especially acute. The delivery of provisions to the locations of the troops became impossible, the supplies taken with them were transported on the backs of pack animals, mules, and horses, which moved with great difficulty along mountain trails and often fell off the mountains with their loads. The salvation was in the few settlements, whose inhabitants supplied the hungry and tired soldiers with cheese and potatoes.
Partisan Movement in Southern France in 1814: The Case of Florian
Authors:   State Academic University for the Humanities, Moscow, Gladyshev Andrei V. ,   Saratov State University, Saratov
Published: October 2023

In the face of the invasion of the Allied troops into the territory of France, Napoleon highly relied on the popular resistance of the French to the enemy. The author considers the history of a partisan detachment operating in the South of France under the command of Florian, a “half-hero” or “half-robber”. What was the real contribution of partisans to the course of military operations? What was the motivation of their leaders? What was the relationship between the military command and the commanders of the partisan detachments? How did the civil authorities and the local civilian population treat the partisans? The paucity of official documents is compensated by sources of personal origin, which make it possible to reveal the human dimension of this “small war”. In 1814, “Captain” Florian, who led a detachment of twenty volunteers, behaved like a free corsair, whose actions at times situationally coincided with the interests of the military command. Lacking an official partisan patent, he attacked the allies’ supply trains, robbed army stores, intercepted English couriers, and did not disdain the capture of officers’ personal luggage. Having had a reputation as a marauder in Spain since 1813, Florian in 1814 allowed himself all sorts of “excesses” in relation to the local population. The civil authorities in the person of the prefect tried to reason with him and certain individuals disinterestedly worked for him as “pointers”. Only in March did Marshal Soult try to intensify the creation of partisan detachments and subordinate them to a single command. Florian claimed to have unlimited powers from Soult. However, the negotiations between Soult’s representative Major Bory de Saint-Vincent and Florian ended in nothing: the complaints of the civil authorities and the reputation of the partisan commander caused discontent on the part of the marshal. The last action of Florian’s partisans was an attack on April 12 on an English courier, from whom a watch and a large amount of money were confiscated according the “laws of war”. Mythologized in popular scholarship and educational literature of the 1870s, the partisan movement in France in 1814 was distinguished by a very modest scale and limited actions, and the line between ordinary robbery and a patriotic action was sometimes difficult to discern.
Leaving the Pyrenees: France and Frenchmen as Perceived by British Soldiers in 1813–1814
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Kosykh Tatiana A.
Published: October 2023

Under the command of Field Marshal Arthur Wellesley, the future first Duke of Wellington, the British Army was one of the main participants of the military conflict on the Iberian Peninsula in 1808–1814. In the autumn of 1813, fighting on the side of the Spaniards and the Portuguese against the French Army, Wellington’s army ousted the enemy from the Spanish territories and launched an offensive on French lands. This article focuses on the reception of the image of France and the French in the diaries, letters, and memoirs of British soldiers and officers who participated in the war in France in 1813–1814. After leaving the Pyrenees, the British combatants believed they had returned to enlightened Europe from the “semi-civilized” Spain and Portugal. At the same time, the British image of the French combined elements of Gallophilia and Gallophobia that dominated in English society in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. On the one hand, British military narratives contained favourable characterisations of the locals whom King George III’s soldiers seemed to be freeing from Napoleon’s tyrannical rule. British officers noted such positive qualities of the French as politeness, gallantry, and friendliness. On the other hand, for the British military, the French Army became the personification of the “Other”. The texts of the English combatants described the soldiers of Soult’s army as cruel people capable of robbing and ruining their compatriots, and the French officers were perceived by the British military as self-interested careerists, ready to serve as a tool in the hands of Napoleon for the sake of promotion.
Reliability Predictors in Narratives of Oocyte Donors
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Plotnikova Maria V. , Polyakova Irina G. ,   Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg
Published: October 2023

This article analyses protocols of in-depth interviews of oocyte donors using a comprehensive methodology that combines aspects of psychology, semiotics, pragmatics, and cognitive linguistics. The authors examine discursive markers of oral dialogic speech that indirectly indicate the reliability of the statements of the interviewees or their desire to disguise information during the conversation. The interdisciplinary nature of the study is provided by the synthesis of psychological and linguistic methodological approaches to the analysis of linguistic material, united around the logical-philosophical category of modality. A similar methodological approach is found in the authorial methods of criteria analysis by A. Vrij. Within the framework of the first method, the authors consider the cognitive operations transmitted by the interviewee while describing the ongoing events, as well as the structural and lexical-semantic makeup of the text as indicators of the reliability of the information presented, which corresponds to the linguistic interpretation of modality. The second method of analysis is developed to a greater extent in line with the psychological approach to the definition of modality: the presence of accurate sensory information in the narrative of the interviewees is a significant indicator of the speaker’s truthfulness. The analysis of interviews with oocyte donors using these methods reveals that perceptual and affective information updated in a communication situation is more indicative of the truthfulness of the speaker than the mental representation of the events and facts presented. In addition, truth-tellers provide more detail, also related to the realm of sensory perception. The desire to disguise any information is often accompanied by a reference to forgetfulness and a transition to another topic of the storyline. The applied research results may be of interest to a wide range of interviewers on different topics while the scholarly results can be used in interdisciplinary art and social science studies.
Problems of transformation of the institution of family and marriage at the present stage
Authors: Nevelichko Lyubov , Vorotilkina Irina
Published: October 2023

The article presents the results of a study of the institution of the modern Russian family, the purpose of which was to determine the nature of the transformation processes experienced by the modern Russian family.
It is substantiated that without this complex sociocultural education, stability and sustainable development of society is impossible: the family, being part of the social structure, performs the functions prescribed by society and ensures that the new generation acquires basic values, cultural norms, and socially approved forms of behavior, thereby socializing it.
It is indicated that the family is influenced by external dysfunctional social phenomena characteristic of both Russian society and the entire world community in general. The authors of the article analyzed scientific approaches to assessing the nature of changes experienced by a modern family. It has been established that researchers’ assessment of the transformation processes that have caused changes in marriage and family relations is carried out in the context of two paradigms — the modernization of the family and the crisis of the institution of marriage and family relations. Supporters of the modernization paradigm believe that the modern Russian family is evolving along with society, experiencing a process of modernization that is predominantly positive. Researchers, whose assessment of modern marriage and family relations is made from the standpoint of a crisis approach, argue their position by the fact that transformation processes not only destructure the family, but also undermine the institution of marriage and family relations, which without radical measures will lead to large-scale destructive consequences up to the loss of statehood.
The significance of the study lies in the fact that a theoretical understanding of the features of institutional transformations will make it possible to develop appropriate control mechanisms and take certain «protective» measures aimed at preserving the family’s essence as a basic stabilizing factor in modern Russian society.
The Narrative of Ngugi in the River Between: Colonial and Postcolonial Dispensations
Authors: Jaime Antunes Alexandre Tomás
Published: October 2023

This study examines the representations of tensions between traditional beliefs and modern perspectives through the analysis of Ngugi's The River Between. The article scrutinizes to what extent Ngugi writings explores problems that beset his fellow Kenyan People and the Psychological
impact of colonialism in their minds. This is a critical and theoretical textual analysis study grounded in Postcolonial theory. The novel under analysis was selected on the basis of its theme which epitomizes the dual opposition of African traditional and modern lives, and as it introduces
Balogun's (1997:29) liberal nationalist critique theory which projects radical nationalism based on violence, at one hand, and on the other hand the liberal perspective which envisages that people can conquer their freedom through formal colonialist education. The findings from the textual
analysis unravel that Ngugi's The River Between projects a failed decolonization given to the alienation system that the African subject experiences when he tries to unite two different cultural realities. The fact that colonial formal education has been considered as an alternative in
fighting against colonialism rather than an education based in African cultural principles sets as the motif for the failure of decolonization.
Communicative Language Teaching Approach: Impact on Students’ Speaking Skills of Rural ESL Learners of Secondary Schools in Jhargram District, West Bengal.
Authors: Mahata Pradip Kumar , Pattnaik Pragyan Paramita
Published: October 2023

Communicative competency is an important theoretical innovation in second language (L2) instruction, especially for ESL learners. Despite broad support for CLT, many teachers lack the skills and expertise to execute it. Thus, this study tries to comprehend instructors′ and students′
viewpoints on CLT's application in Bengali-medium secondary schools in West Bengal to enhance students′ speaking skills. It explores CLT's impacts and how to use it. This study was quasi-experimental. The study uses teacher interviews, classroom observations, pretests, and
posttests for data collection. English speakers were evaluated through pre- and post-test scores, observer comments, and teacher and student assessments. Most educators and students increased their communication using CLT. Despite instructors′ and students′ grasp of CLT, finances
and students′ trouble concentrating during standardised examinations hinder its implementation. Teachers were urged to aid children with vocabulary and grammar in speaking exercises. CLT's use in classrooms to enhance pupils′ communication skills will be limited. The article
advises improving facilities and minimising testing to enhance students′ speaking abilities.
Hydrogenated cyanamide in the budding of ‘Eva’ apple tree in a mild winter region
Authors: Barroso Fernanda de Lima , Cruz Maria do Céu Monteiro , Santos Rosana Ferreira dos , Costa Ana Lívia de Jesus , Carvalho Leandro Magalhães
Published: October 2023

Abstract This study was carried aiming to evaluate different hydrogen cyanamide concentrations (0.00%; 0.26%; 0.52% 0.78% and 1.04%) associated with (3%) mineral oil on the bud growth of the ‘Eva’ apple tree in a high-altitude tropical climate region in the state of Minas Gerais. Sprouting percentage, fruit set: ratio between number of fruits and number of flowers (%), number of fruits per plant and flowering phenology were evaluated during the 2020 and 2021 production cycles. Even not being submitted to temperatures below 7.2°C, the ‘Eva ‘ cultivar completed its production cycle in two subsequent years. Hydrogen cyanamide application combined with mineral oil promoted increased budbreak and flowering uniformity, in addition to anticipating the beginning of flowering of the ‘Eva’ apple cultivar.
Antifungal potential of essential oils from Pectis brevipedunculata and Dizygostemon riparius in anthracnose control in mango
Authors: Corrêa Lukas Allayn Diniz , Rodrigues Antônia Alice Costa , Dias Larisse Raquel Carvalho , Silva Erlen Keila Candido e , Monteiro Odair dos Santos , Oliveira Leonardo de Jesus Machado Gois de
Published: October 2023

Abstract Essential oils have been widely studied because they are natural sources of substances that have antimicrobial properties. In fruit growing, especially in mango crop, anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) is considered the main disease because it causes series of damages in the fruit production chain and, in this sense, essential oils can be an option in this disease control. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of essential oils obtained from the leaves of Chá-de-moça (Pectis brevipedunculata) and Melosa (Dizygostemon riparius) in the in vitro and in vivo control of the C. gloeosporioides fungus, in seedlings and mango fruits. The in vitro bioassays were performed by testing the effect of different concentrations of essential oils (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 µl/mL) on the reduction of mycelial growth of the C. gloeosporioides fungus. Additionally, the anthracnose control in mango seedlings (Tommy Atkins, Constantina, Comum and Rosa cultivars) was evaluated by foliar application of essential oils at 4 µl/mL concentration. Disease control in fruits of the same mango cultivars was evaluated at 3 µl/mL concentration of essential oils. The evaluation was carried out by measuring the average diameter of the colonies, for the in vitro treatment, and the lesions for the in vivo treatments, in two diametrically opposite directions. There was a decrease in the fungus mycelial growth in all tested concentrations. There was a decrease in the disease severity from the sixth day after the oils application in Tommy Atkins cultivar seedlings, when treated with both essential oils at 4 µl/mL concentration. As for preventive treatments with fruits, it was observed that all cultivars achieved a reduction in severity from 54.83% at 3 µl/mL concentration with the use of both essential oils. Given the results obtained, it was observed that the essential oils P. brevipedunculata and D. riparius can be a viable alternative in the anthracnose control in mango culture.
Uso de cromoscopia com corante para detecção de pólipos em ceco e cólon ascendente - Deve ser utilizado de rotina?
Authors: PAIVA RODRIGO ALMEIDA , QUEIROZ FABIO LOPES , FRANÇA NETO PAULO ROCHA , COSTA BRENO XAIA MARTINS DA , CARDOSO LUCAS ALVES BESSA , ESTRADA DANIEL MAURICIO LONDOÑO , MOTA FELIPE FERREIRA DA , LACERDA FILHO ANTÔNIO
Published: October 2023

RESUMO Introdução: a colonoscopia é o melhor método para detecção de pólipos, com redução da mortalidade por câncer colorretal de 29% e chegando até 47% para tumores distais. No entanto, existe falha em demonstrar redução significativa na mortalidade no cólon proximal sendo o segmento mais comum de neoplasia de intervalo. O presente estudo avaliou o impacto na detecção de pólipos em uma segunda avaliação sequencial do ceco e cólon ascendente, com ou sem o uso de cromoendoscopia com Indigo carmim. Métodos: estudo prospectivo, não randomizado. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos. O primeiro (G1) foi submetido à colonoscopia de rotina, seguida de segunda avaliação endoscópica do cólon ascendente e ceco. O segundo grupo (G2) foi submetido à colonoscopia de rotina, seguida de segunda avaliação do cólon ascendente e ceco com cromoendoscopia com índigo carmim. Resultados: no total, foram analisados 203 pacientes, sendo 101 do G1 e 102 do G2. Novos pólipos foram identificados em ambos os grupos após a segunda avaliação com número significativamente maior de pólipos detectados nos pacientes do G2 (p=0,0001). O número de pacientes que apresentaram pelo menos um pólipo nas duas avaliações endoscópicas foi significativamente maior no G2 (53 ou 52% vs 27 ou 26,7%, p=0,0002). Na segunda avaliação endoscópica, o número de pólipos encontrados também foi significativamente maior no G2 (50 ou 76,9%) em relação ao G1 (15 ou 23,1%), p<0,000. Conclusão: a segunda avaliação com cromoendoscopia com índigo carmim aumenta a detecção de pólipos no cólon ascendente e no ceco.
Polyp detection in the cecum and ascending colon by dye based chromoendoscopy - Is its routine use justified?
Authors: PAIVA RODRIGO ALMEIDA , QUEIROZ FABIO LOPES , FRANÇA NETO PAULO ROCHA , COSTA BRENO XAIA MARTINS DA , CARDOSO LUCAS ALVES BESSA , ESTRADA DANIEL MAURICIO LONDOÑO , MOTA FELIPE FERREIRA DA , LACERDA FILHO ANTÔNIO
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT Introduction: colonoscopy is the best method for detecting polyps, with a reduction in colorectal cancer mortality of 29% and reaching 47% for distal tumors. However, it fails to demonstrate a significant reduction in proximal colon cancer mortality, and is the most common segment with interval neoplasm. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact on detection of polyps of a second sequential evaluation of cecum and ascending colon, with or without the use of indigo carmine chromoendoscopy. Methods: prospective, non-randomized clinical trial. Patients were divided into two groups. The first (G1) underwent a routine colonoscopy, followed by a second endoscopy assessment of ascending colon and cecum. The second group (G2) underwent a routine colonoscopy, followed by a second assessment of the ascending colon and cecum with indigo carmine chromoendoscopy. Results: In total, 203 patients were analyzed, 101 in the G1 and 102 in the G2. Newer polyps were identified in both groups after the second assessment with a significantly higher number of polyps detected in the patients in the G2 (p=0.0001). The number of patients who had at least one polyp in the two endoscopic assessments was significantly higher in the G2 (53 or 52% vs 27 or 26.7%, p=0.0002). In the second endoscopic assessment, the number of polyps found was also significantly higher in the G2 (50 or 76.9%) compared to the G1 (15 or 23.1%), p<0.0001. Conclusions: the second assessment with dye-based chromoendoscopy increases the detection of polyps in the ascending colon and cecum.
Differences in determinants of active aging between older Brazilian and English adults: ELSI-Brazil and ELSA
Authors: Silva Janderson Diego Pimenta da , Martins Isadora Viegas , Braga Luciana Helena Reis , Oliveira Cesar Messias de , Lima-Costa Maria Fernanda , Braga Luciana de Souza , Torres Juliana Lustosa
Published: October 2023

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate differences in determinants of active aging between older Brazilian and English adults and to verify the association of behavioral, personal, and social determinants with physical health. This cross-sectional study was based on the ELSI-Brazil (2015-2016) and ELSA (2016-2017) cohorts. Active aging determinants included behavior (smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and poor sleep quality), personal (cognitive function and life satisfaction), and social determinants (education, loneliness, and volunteering), according to the World Health Organization. Physical health included activities limitation and multimorbidity. We estimated age- and sex-adjusted prevalence for each indicator and mean score, and used the negative binomial regression for statistical analysis. We included 16,642 participants, 9,409 from Brazil and 7,233 from England. Overall, all active aging determinants were worse in Brazil than in England, except for life satisfaction (no difference). The most remarkable difference was found for social determinants score in Brazil (mean difference of 0.18; p < 0.05), mainly due to a significantly lower education level in Brazil (70.6%; 95% confidence interval - 95%CI: 69.7-71.5) than England (37.1%; 95%CI: 35.1-39.1). All determinants (behavioral, personal, and social) were associated with health in Brazil and in England. However, the behavioral domain was stronger associated with health in England (coefficient = 2.76; 95%CI: 2.46-3.10) than in Brazil (coefficient = 1.38; 95%CI: 1.26-1.50; p < 0.001). Older English adults beneficiate more from healthier behaviors than Brazilians, which depend more on social policies.
Actitudes de vecinos acerca del tratamiento y la vida en comunidad de personas con problemáticas severas de salud mental en Argentina
Authors: García Elena , Ares-Lavalle Guadalupe , Borelli Mariana , Fernández Marina A. , Agrest Martín , Ardila-Gómez Sara
Published: October 2023

Resumen: La reforma psiquiátrica se encuentra en proceso en la región de América Latina y el Caribe. Específicamente en Argentina, el modelo de salud mental comunitaria está en construcción, siendo aún observable la presencia de internaciones psiquiátricas prolongadas, principalmente en hospitales neuropsiquiátricos. Resulta así necesario monitorear la reforma psiquiátrica, siendo una de las vías para ello el análisis de las actitudes de la sociedad hacia la internación psiquiátrica prolongada como modalidad de atención en salud mental. Así, se realizó un estudio observacional analítico en la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, en el año 2021, en donde se analizaron las actitudes de vecinos de personas que tuvieron internaciones psiquiátricas prolongadas y que recibían apoyos a la vivienda. Se hicieron cuestionarios a vecinos y no vecinos, indagándose por las actitudes hacia la internación psiquiátrica prolongada como modalidad de tratamiento, así como la distancia social hacia personas que tuvieron internaciones psiquiátricas, y también entrevistas a profundidad con informantes clave de barrios en donde habitan personas con problemáticas severas de salud mental y que reciben apoyos a la vivienda. No se identificaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las actitudes en relación a la internación psiquiátrica prolongada como modalidad de tratamiento de vecinos y no vecinos, ni tampoco respecto a la distancia social hacia personas que tuvieron internaciones psiquiátricas. Los informantes clave condicionaron su valoración sobre la internación prolongada, y valoraron el rol de los equipos de apoyo para posibilitar la vida en comunidad.
Perfil sociodemográfico das pessoas em situação de rua notificadas com tuberculose no Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, nos anos de 2015 a 2019
Authors: Gioseffi Janaína Rosenburg , Brignol Sandra Mara Silva , Werneck Guilherme Loureiro
Published: October 2023

Resumo: O Brasil é um dos 30 países com maior incidência de tuberculose (TB). Pessoas em situação de rua (PSR) têm 56 vezes mais riscos para o adoecimento do que a população geral por terem menor renda e acesso à saúde. Os objetivos do estudo foram apresentar o perfil sociodemográfico e epidemiológico de PSR notificadas para TB entre 2015 e 2019 na cidade do Rio de Janeiro e analisar relações entre as variáveis estudadas e desfechos da TB. Trata-se de estudo transversal com dados secundários das notificações de TB em PSR no período e local do estudo. Foi realizada análise descritiva, seguida da verificação de associação entre variáveis selecionadas e desfechos para TB, com teste qui-quadrado e regressão logística multinomial, para obtenção da razão de chances (OR). O perfil predominante das PSR com TB é de homens (74,9%), negros (76,2%), com idade média de 43,3 anos (DP = 12,0) e faixa etária entre 30 e 59 anos (78,5%). O desfecho mais frequente foi abandono do tratamento (43,3%), seguido por cura (29,9%) e óbito (3,6%). As análises mostraram que raça negra (OR = 1,4; IC95%: 1,1-1,9) e uso de drogas (OR = 1,7; IC95%: 1,3-2,3) e álcool (OR = 1,3; IC95%: 1,0-1,7) foram fatores de risco para abandono do tratamento, enquanto faixas etárias a partir de 30 anos (OR = 0,7; IC95%: 0,5-0,9) e forma extrapulmonar (OR = 0,2; IC95%: 0,1-0,6) foram aspectos de proteção. A vulnerabilidade das PSR se particulariza em perfis de raça e gênero, tal qual a TB, portanto, é necessário reforçar ações de prevenção e tratamento efetivas para aumentar o acesso aos serviços de saúde e o enfrentamento da TB nesse contexto, além de atentar para a alta proporção de dados incompletos que limitam as análises desse agravo.
VALIDITY OF THE BRAZILIAN-PORTUGUESE VERSION OF MOOREHEAD-ARDELT QUALITY OF LIFE QUESTIONNAIRE II AMONG PATIENTS WITH SEVERE OBESITY
Authors: Cremonesi Mariane de Carvalho , Duarte-Guerra Leorides , Pajecki Denis , Santo Marco Aurelio , Lotufo Neto Francisco , Wang Yuan-Pang
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Patients with obesity present multiple comorbid psychiatric conditions and experience impairments in health-related quality of life. Reliable and valid tools that evaluate health-related quality of life are essential for clinical practice. AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the reliability and validity of the six-item Moorehead-Ardelt Quality of Life Questionnaire II among Brazilian patients with severe obesity. METHODS: We assessed 387 patients (mean age 43 years, 78.8% women, mean body mass index of 46.5 kg/m²) on the waiting list of a bariatric surgery center. Trained research assistants concurrently applied the Moorehead-Ardelt Quality of Life-II, the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, and the Global Assessment of Functioning for assessing health-related quality of life, comorbid depressive symptoms, and patient functioning level, respectively. RESULTS: The internal consistency of the Moorehead-Ardelt Quality of Life-II was considered acceptable. The total score was correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms and functioning level. The more body mass index increases, the more health-related quality of life worsens. The Moorehead-Ardelt Quality of Life-II presented a unidimensional structure. CONCLUSIONS: The unidimensional Moorehead-Ardelt Quality of Life-II is a reliable and valid measure for evaluating health-related quality of life in Brazilian patients with severe obesity. The questionnaire allows to quickly assess the health-related quality of life of patients in different bariatric contexts, considering depression and functional level.
A BioArte do Instituto Oficina Cerâmica Francisco Brennand: um estudo sobre as contribuições para o ensino e a aprendizagem nas Ciências Biológicas por meio da perspectiva dos mediadores
Authors: Silva Anderson Thiago Monteiro da , França Suzane Bezerra de , Neves Ricardo Ferreira das
Published: October 2023

Resumo: Este estudo objetivou analisar contribuições da BioArte (produções interdisciplinares entre Biologia e Arte) para o processo de ensino e de aprendizagem de Ciências e de Biologia no Instituto Oficina Cerâmica Francisco Brennand. Assim, foi conduzida uma pesquisa de campo que contou com atores sociais pertencentes ao quadro de pessoal do Instituto, os quais participaram de entrevistas estruturadas, as quais foram gravadas, transcritas e submetidas à Análise de Conteúdo na perspectiva de Bardin. Verificou-se que diversos elementos da BioArte estão presentes nas obras cerâmicas do artista, contemplando vários conteúdos e temas da Biologia, como: Anatomia, Botânica e Ecologia, nas instalações artísticas do Museu. Dessa maneira, a BioArte está fortemente imbricada no legado de Brennand, constituindo objeto de interesse para o ensino e a aprendizagem nas ciências biológicas. Por fim, espera-se, a partir deste estudo, promover a educação científica em Espaços Não Formais, como os museus e os centros de ciências.
As potencialidades de divulgação e alfabetização científica de uma História em Quadrinhos sobre Ciências Forenses
Authors: Santos Nayara Araujo dos , Bergamaschi Christyan Lemos , Victor Raquel Pellanda Dardengo , Romão Wanderson
Published: October 2023

Resumo: As histórias em quadrinhos (HQ), apesar do seu longo período histórico, ainda são consideradas incipientes no processo de alfabetização científica. Nesse sentido, este artigo buscou analisar compreensões e concepções de leitores e especialistas convidados, sobre uma HQ com a temática Ciências Forenses, bem como investigar suas potencialidades de divulgação e alfabetização científica. Para isso, foram realizadas investigações por meio de um questionário digital e posteriores análises de conteúdo e documental. Os dados obtidos indicaram a compreensão da relevância do tema e a importância da compreensão básica de termos, conhecimentos e conceitos científicos fundamentais (primeiro eixo estruturante da alfabetização científica) sobre a temática. Além disso, por meio da análise de conteúdo, foi possível identificar as principais associações da HQ aos conteúdos formais e a objetivos educacionais específicos. Essas concepções, reunidas às demais investigadas, certificaram a HQ estudada como uma ferramenta promissora para divulgação e para a alfabetização científica.
Bioecology and breeding performance of cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) in selected sites at Sharkia Governorate, Egypt
Authors: Issa M. A. A. , Ismail S. A. A. , El-Bakhshawngi M. I. A. A. , Abed M. , Ghaffar R.A. , De los Ríos-Escalante P. R. , Hassan H. Ul
Published: October 2023

Abstract Cattle egret Bubulcus ibis, feeds on insect pests in many agro-ecosystems. Thus, there is an urgent need to study the breeding chronology of cattle egret, in order to develop suitable protection programs for this beneficial bird to perform its role as abiological control agent in Egyptian agro-ecosystems. The study was conducted at Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, from December 2018 to December 2020; in different habitats (irrigation canals, drainage canals, garbage collection areas and Abbasa ponds). The mean clutch size ranged from 2-5 eggs/nest with an incubation period ranging between 21-25 days. The mean percentage of hatching success was 90.21%, while the total number of mortality eggs was 47 and the total egg hatching was 433. Also the total number of nests located nearby tree trunks were 73, while nests located in the core of the tree were 47 nests, and nests located at the peripherals were 15 nests.
Exposure of insects and host plants to different concentrations of CO2 affects the performance of Mahanarva spectabilis (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) in successive insect generations
Authors: Fonseca M. G. , Auad A. M. , Resende T. T. , Veríssimo B. A. , Oliveira C. M.
Published: October 2023

Abstract The performance of three successive generations of Mahanarva spectabilis (Distant) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) fed on four forages exposed to environments with different CO2 concentrations was evaluated. In the first bioassay, we utilized the following scenarios: A) plants and insects were kept at high and constant CO2 (700 ppm) and B) the insects were kept at CO2 700 ppm and fed on plants from the greenhouse (average of 390 ppm). In the second bioassay, we utilized the following scenarios: C) plants and insects were kept in a greenhouse and D) the insects were kept in the greenhouse and fed on plants kept at CO2 700 ppm. The survival and duration of the nymphal and adult stages and the number of eggs/female of M. spectabilis were evaluated. It was only possible to evaluate the cumulative effects of the increase of CO2 on three successive generations of M. spectabilis kept in a greenhouse, due to the reduced survival of the insects in the first generation in the laboratory. A greater direct than indirect effect of the CO2 level on the performance of M. spectabilis was observed. Furthermore, it should be considered that the effect of CO2 elevation on the survival, periods of development, and fecundity, when taken together, can significantly impact the population dynamics of M. spectabilis in future climate scenarios.
Evaluation of seasonal and monthly variation and location of deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Deşer Serkan Burç , Arapi Berk
Published: October 2023

Abstract Background Deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities is associated with a significant burden of comorbidities. Objectives In this study, our objective was to investigate the presence of seasonal variation in deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and assess the location of the thrombus. Methods Out of 8177 patients admitted to two university hospitals and referred to outpatient clinics, we included a total of 611 consecutive patients (316 females, 295 males) diagnosed with acute deep vein thrombosis in this retrospective study. The mean age of the patients was 59.35±18.49 years, ranging from 1 to 96 years. Patients were categorized into four groups by age. Results DVT was found to be more frequent in the summer (n = 190 or 31%, p = 0.003) and specifically in August (n = 65 or 10.6%, p = 0.014), while it was least frequent in the spring (n = 128 or 20.9%) and in May (n = 40 or 6.5%). However, when comparing seasons, no significant differences were observed in terms of seasonal variation (p = 0.062) or monthly variation (p = 0.143). Conclusions Contrary to previous studies, this study demonstrated a higher occurrence of DVT during the summer, particularly in August. However, it did not reveal a clear seasonal pattern. One plausible explanation for these findings could be the adverse winter conditions and transportation challenges within the province, which may result in fewer DVT patients being able to reach hospitals for timely treatment.
Ivagining worlds: on Ursula K. Le Guin, social science-fiction, and altertopias
Authors: Vale de Almeida Miguel
Published: October 2023

Abstract Ethnography-based Anthropology and Science Fiction can engage in a productive dialogue since both address what is proposed as “altertopias”. Utopias, dystopias, and cultural alterity share the possibility of imagining social and cultural organizations different from both those of the authors and those of the readers. These imaginations are intrinsically creative/artistic and political at the same time, and they critique power structures, especially when approached through a feminist stance. Inspired by the literary work of Ursula Le Guin, the article takes this further by experimenting with the inclusion of a fictional piece of “Social science fiction” that itself plays on Le Guin’s themes.
Uso do Alphitobius diaperinus como método alternativo de osteotécnica
Authors: Dahmer Arthur Dalmolin , Silva Camila Debastiani Da , Pietczak Carolina , Reis Ana Carolina Gonçalves Dos
Published: October 2023

Resumo Buscou-se com o presente estudo desenvolver um método alternativo de osteotécnica biológica baseado no uso de cascudinhos (Alphitobius diaperinus), um inseto de comportamento necrófago encontrado nos sistemas de produção avícola. Foram utilizados dez cadáveres de animais de pequeno a médio porte e de diferentes espécies, e duas peças ósseas isoladas. Após a retirada dos tecidos moles, os ossos foram acomodados junto aos insetos até a sua limpeza completa. Na sequência, as peças foram avaliadas, clareadas, secas e os esqueletos montados. A utilização dos cascudinhos na preparação biológica de esqueletos demonstrou resultados bastantes promissores, visto que este inseto é de fácil aquisição, manutenção e manipulação, não emite odores desagradáveis ao ambiente, proporciona uma limpeza completa dos esqueletos, atingindo lugares de difícil acesso. Além disso, apresentam grande agilidade na limpeza das carcaças, sendo dispensável a fixação prévia dos tecidos moles para prevenir a putrefação ou o aparecimento de microrganismos, como colônias de fungos.
Histomorphological and immunophenotypic diagnoses of gastrointestinal stromal tumors and other sarcomas that affect the intestine of dogs
Authors: Costa Marina Laudares , Sueiro Felipe Augusto Ruiz , Jark Paulo César , Carvalho Leonardo Lamarca de , Rodrigues Marcela Aldrovani , Almeida Vinícius Thomaz da Silva , Dias Fernanda Gosuen Gonçalves
Published: October 2023

Abstract In view of the morphological similarity between gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and other sarcomas of the intestine of dogs, the aim was to carry out the histomorphological and immunohistochemical diagnosis of these tumors, associating breed, sex and age, location and tumor invasion. 217 cases were evaluated by histopathology and 36 diagnosed by immunohistochemistry were included (24 GIST and 12 other intestinal sarcomas). Mixed breed dogs were the most diagnosed with GIST, mainly elderly females (9.5±2.2 years); in the other intestinal sarcomas, crossbreeds and Dachshunds, males and females, were equally affected. The cecum was the most affected by GISTs, with tumor invasion of the intestinal layers in all cases. The small intestine was the most affected by the other intestinal sarcomas, with invasion of the layers in most of these tumors. GISTs expressed markers such as CD117 and DOG-1, unlike other intestinal sarcomas. GIST and other intestinal sarcomas denoted histomorphological and immunophenotypic characteristics similar to histopathology, justifying the association of immunohistochemistry for the definitive diagnosis.
Técnicas de enriquecimento ambiental para gambás-de-orelha-preta (Didelphis aurita Wied-Neuwied, 1826) em cativeiro
Authors: Noronha Carlos Eduardo de , Tokumaru Rosana Suemi
Published: October 2023

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os efeitos do enriquecimento ambiental alimentar no comportamento dos gambás-de-orelha-preta que se encontravam em cativeiro no Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres (CETAS), no município Serra, no estado do Espírito Santo (ES), de agosto a outubro de 2022. Dois modelos alimentares foram construídos para o estudo: os “Tubos Surpresa” e o “Quebra-Cabeça Alimentar”. Foram selecionados 24 gambás-de-orelha-preta, independente do sexo, juvenis, divididos em oito grupos, com três animais cada, sendo quatro grupos expostos a um modelo e quatro ao outro. Cada grupo foi submetido a duas condições: experimental, com a presença do modelo e controle, sem a presença do modelo. Cada condição durou 24 horas e ocorreram em dois dias consecutivos. Foram filmadas com câmera trap, resultando em 3233 vídeos, de 25 segundos cada. Para elaboração do etograma foram selecionados 24 vídeos de cada grupo, gravados entre as 18h00 e 19h30hs, período em que os animais se mostraram mais ativos. Os gambás interagiram com os dois modelos, acessando e comendo os alimentos escondidos, havendo preferência pela carne em comparação com a fruta. Não houve diferença significativa no comportamento dos gambás em relação aos modelos e observou-se que o comportamento agressivo diminuiu significativamente quando os modelos estavam presentes. Conclui-se que os modelos podem ser utilizados como enriquecimento ambiental para os gambás-de-orelha-preta, trazendo benefícios para a diminuição do comportamento agressivo.
Ex vivo evaluation of anterior lens capsule staining in horses with three concentrations of gentian violet for surgical training
Authors: Bettio Marcelle , Seibel Maiara Poersch , Franceschini Maria Eduarda Mattos , Rocha Rafaella Silva , Baptista Renata Lima , Pigatto Anita Marchionatti , Pigatto João Antonio Tadeu
Published: October 2023

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of three concentrations of gentian violet (0.5%, 0.1% and 0.05%) for staining the anterior capsule of the lens in horses. Thirty-six post-mortem equine eyes were collected. The eyes were subdivided into three groups composed of 12 eyes each, according to the concentration of gentian violet used. The effectiveness of staining the anterior capsule of the lens with different concentrations of gentian violet was assessed using an empirical system of evaluation on adequate or inadequate staining of capsular flaps. Based on the evaluation of the examiner, the 0.1% and 0.05% concentrations of gentian violet allowed adequate visualisation of the anterior capsule for continuous curvilinear capsulotomy training, whereas the 0.5% concentration produced strong and inadequate capsular staining. The model developed using gentian violet at concentrations of 0.1% and 0.05% allowed a clear visualisation of the capsular flap, which makes it viable as a model for training the continuous curvilinear capsulotomy step in cataract surgery in horses.
O potencial de jogos para grupos vulneráveis como refugiados: revisão de escopo
Authors: Fernandes Carla Sílvia , Campos Maria Joana , Lima Andreia Novo , Chaves Suellen Cristina da Silva , Santos Eliana Cristina dos , Mendes Dárcio Tadeu , Nóbrega Maria do Perpétuo Socorro Sousa
Published: October 2023

RESUMO Objetivo: Mapear os estudos existentes sobre o desenvolvimento de jogos para refugiados, identificando os jogos desenvolvidos, características e possível aplicação aos cuidados de saúde. Método: Estudo de revisão de escopo, realizado em julho de 2022, utilizando as bases de dados MEDLINE® (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), CINAHL® (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), SPORTDiscus, Scopus, SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Resultados: Foram identificados 8 estudos, com 8 diferentes tipos de jogos publicados entre 2016 e 2022. As características dos jogos encontrados recaem essencialmente sobre a sua utilização para aumentar a empatia para com os refugiados. Conclusão: Este estudo identifica oportunidades para fortalecer o atual corpo de conhecimento em enfermagem, utilizando jogos como formas de acolhimento, formação e integração de populações em situação de vulnerabilidade social em que se encontram os refugiados.