bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The incorporation of lime and NPK fertilizer on shallot production in peat soil
Authors: Sopha G A , Effendi A M , Aprianto F , Firmansyah A
Published: February 2021

High acidity level and low nutrient availability are the most challenging factors of shallot production in peat soils. The purpose of this study was to find out the best lime material and the level of NPK fertilizer on shallot production in peat soil in Central Borneo, Indonesia. The experiment used was a Split Plot Design with three replications. The main plot was three types of lime material: 3 t ha−1 dolomite, 3 t ha−1 agriculture limestone and 1.5 t ha−1 calcium hydroxide. The subplots were ten combinations of NPK fertilizers. The results showed that lime materials and doses of NPK fertilizer had a significant effect on shallot growth and yield. Hydrated lime doses 1.5 t ha−1 and NPK fertilizer dose 100 kg N ha−1, 100 kg P2O5 ha−1 and 100 kg K2O ha−1 gave the highest bulb yield (7 t ha−1) compared to other trials. However, this bulb yield was lower compared to different adaptive cultivars from previous studies. Further experiments using higher levels of lime and adapted varieties are necessary to get the optimum bulb yield.
Growth and yield of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) on different types of media and nutrient solution on hydroponic wick system
Authors: Sugiyanta D A , Rokhminarsi E , Prakoso B
Published: February 2021

Effect of planting media and nutrient solutions and their interaction on growth and yield of shallot on hydroponic wick system was studied. The study was conducted in a screen house. A two factor experiment with three replications, arranged in randomized completed block design, was carried out. First factor was types of planting media i.e. sand, sand+husk charcoal (1:1), and sand+sawdust (1:1). Second factor was types of nutrient solution i.e. AB Mix, fermented urine of rabbit, and fermented vermicompost. Observed variables were plant height, leaf, tiller, and bulb number, root volume, total root length, plant fresh weight, and bulb dry weight. Data were analysed by F test followed by DMRT at a 5% error level. Results showed that shallot grown on sand+sawdust was the lowest, but types of media did not have significant effect on the other variables; plants supplied with fermented vermicompost nutrient solution had the lowest values for all observed variables. It was concluded that 50% substitution of sand with husk charcoal or sawdust did not reduce yield of shallot; solution of fermented urine of rabbit could replace solution of AB Mix, but solution of fermented vermicompost could not replace AB Mix solution for growing shallot on wick system.
Net assimilation rate, growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L cv Inpago Unsoed 1) with the application of PGPR in different rate of nitrogen
Authors: Purwanto  , Widiatmoko T , Wijonarko B R
Published: February 2021

The aims of this research was to study the net assimilation rate, growth and yield of rice with the application of PGPR in different rate of nitrogen fertilizer. The experimental was conducted in experimental farm of Agriculture Faculty of UNSOED Purwokerto. The research was arranged in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The first factor is PGPR consortium, and the second factor is dosage of nitrogen fertilizer. The observed variables were plant height, number of tillers, plant biomass, leaf greenness, plant biomass, net assimilation rate, relative growth rate and yield. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed with DMRT test for mean comparison between group. The results showed that PGPR consortium inoculation and nitrogen fertilization have effect on root growth, leaf greenness, and plant biomass. The PGPR consortium R08 isolate + R11 isolate and nitrogen fertilizer at dose of 1.36 g plant−1gave highest net assimilation rate of 5.87 g dm−2week−1. The highest grain yield was achieved at nitrogen fertilizer dose of 2.72 g plant−1at 36.17 g per hill.
Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi (AMF) in the rhizosphere of sugarcane
Authors: Hartoyo B , Trisilawati O
Published: February 2021

Exploration of AMF types in sugarcane cropping areas is an important and necessary initial study to be able to isolate and identify specific types of AMF that exist. Utilization of AMF is one alternative in overcoming problems in acid soils, because AMF can help plants absorb P elements and other nutrients from the soil. This study aims to identify the types of AMF in the rhizosphere of sugarcane. The research was conducted from June to October 2015, soil sampling was carried out in the community sugar cane garden in Ngemplak Plantation, district Pati (KP. Muktiharjo). While the isolation, identification and capture of spores is carried out in the Ecophysiology Laboratory and the greenhouse of the Indonesian Spices and Medicinal Crops Research Institute, Bogor. The identification results obtained 2 arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the sugarcane rhizosphere, namely Glomus sp, (3 species) and Acaulospora sp (1 species). The amount of initial spore density was 120-130 spores per 50 g of soil samples and after trapping, the number increased to 407 spores / 20 g soil samples or increased 6.8 times.
Effect of natural silica to alleviate salinity stress of tomatoes (Lycopersicum escullentum Mill.) on entisol
Authors: Kharisun  , Suparto S R , Noorhidayah R , Astuti C M
Published: February 2021

The aims of this research are to know the effect of silica fertilizer (Si), salt stress and their interactions on the agronomic characteristics of tomato plants on Entisol soil. The experiment employed factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 2 factors experiments i.e. level of conductivity, namely K0 = 0ds/m / pot, K1 = 1ds/m / pot, K2 = 2ds/m/pot, and K3 = 3ds/m/pot, and doses of Si fertilizer, namely S0 = 0g/pot, S1 = 5g/pot, S2 = 10g/pot, and S3 = 15 g/pot. There were 16 treatment combinations with 3 replications, in total 48 experimental unit were used. The variables observed were plant height, number of leaves, chlorophyll content, flowering age, number of flowers, number of fruits, fruit weight, and fruit volume. The application of Si fertilizer increased the number of tomato flowers. Salinity stress reduced plant height and weight of tomatoes. The interaction of silica fertilizer (Si) and salt stress influences the number of leaves and the number of flowers. The highest number of leaves was at the dose of KCl 1 ds/m/plant and silica fertilizer 5 g/plant, while the highest number of flowers was at the dose of KCl 3 ds/m/plant and silica fertilizer 10 g/plant.
The effect of organic fertilizer, biochar, and hormones on bulb splitting in the cultivation of true seed shallot
Authors: Firmansyah I , Nurlaily R , Sutoyo  , Hermawan A , Jatuningtyas R K , Kusumasari A C
Published: February 2021

The study aimed to analyze the effect of organic fertilizer, biochar and hormone to the bulb splitting in cultivation of true shallot seed. The research was conducted in Grobogan Regency, in March-June 2019. The applied experimental design was Split-Split Plot with three replications. The main plot treated with organic fertilizer (P) consisted of P1=5 t/ha, P2=10 t/ha, and P3=20 t/ha, the subsidiary plot treated Biochar (B) marked B1=without Biochar and B2=Biochar 12.5 t/ha, and the sub-subsidiary plot was treated with Hormone (H); H1=without hormone, H2=with hormone; altogether were 12 treatment combinations and 36 experimental plots. Parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, number of plants/clump, number of bulbs/clump, number of bulbs splitting, bulbs diameter, and dry weight of bulb/clump. Data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA, and if there was a significant difference between treatments, it was tested with the Duncan Multiple Range Test at a 5% level. The results showed that the provision of biochar as many as 12.5 tons/ha positively affected the growth components and the yield components of true shallot seed (number of plants/clump, number of bulbs/clump, number of bulbs splitting, bulbs diameter, and dry weight of bulb/clump).
Growth and production of seed bulbs from true seed shallot planted on dry low land in rainy season
Authors: Kusumasari A C , Pangestuti R , Sulistyaningsih E , Rosliani R
Published: February 2021

Bulb propagated from true seed shallot (TSS) has a potency to become a good seed bulb. This study aimed to analyze the growth and production of seed bulbs from TSS planted on dry low land in rainy season. The study was conducted from November to December 2014 in Grobogan Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. A group of G0 bulbs, called Trisula and Tuk Tuk varieties, consisting of small bulbs (Ø 1-1.5 cm, weight 2-5 g) and large bulbs (Ø >1.6 cm, weight >7 g) were planted in a-2 factorial RBD with four replications. Variety and bulb size had a significant effect on all components of growth (plant height, number of tillers) and production (number of bulbs, fresh and dry weight of bulb, bulb diameter, and productivity). The small and large size of G0 Trisula seed bulbs have equal quality as seeds source in the lowland area during rainy season with productivity > 20 tons ha−1 and a small percentage of rejected bulbs ( <0.5 % (0.08 tons ha−1). Meanwhile, although having high productivity, Tuk Tuk variety had high percentage of rejected bulbs, 34.22% (9.79 tons ha−1); so it is unsuitable to be used as seed bulb in the rainy season.
The influence of cropping pattern of pepper with citronella and lemongrass to the insect diversity and insect pests population
Authors: Siswanto  , Trisawa I M
Published: February 2021

Lemongrass and Citronella contain essential oils which are repellent against insect pests. Research on the cropping pattern of pepper with lemongrass and citronella was conducted to determine the influence of two essential oil plants on the diversity and population of insect pests of pepper plants. The research was conducted at the Sukamulya Experimental Garden, from 2018 to 2020 on a 3000 m2 planting plot. The treatments of the cropping patterns tested included: 1) Climbing pepper, 2) Climbing pepper + Shrub pepper, 3) Climbing pepper + Citronella, 4) Climbing pepper + Lemongrass, 5) Climbing pepper + Shrub pepper + Citronella, 6) Climbing pepper + Shrub pepper + Lemongrass. Each treatment was repeated twice. Observation parameters were insect diversity and insect pests, the level of pest attack, and the number of plants attacked. The results obtained about 66 species of insects from 46 families and 9 orders. The insects associated with the pepper cropping pattern ecosystem were relatively evenly distributed in all treatments, except for treatment 3, where only 4 types of insect pests were found. Pests, especially Thrips sp., were distributed in all treatments, but in the combination treatment with citronella and lemongrass, the population of Thrips sp. relatively low.
Influence of varieties, plant spacing and manure fertilizer to maize productivity in dry land
Authors: Sihombing D , Setyorini D , Arifin Z , Tafakresnanto C , Handayati W
Published: February 2021

An assessment was carried out in the dry land of Cerme village Ngimbang district Lamongan Regency East java Province (85 m asl) during the 1stdry season, from February to June 2019. The experiment was arranged in a split-split plots design with three replications. As the main plot was the hybrid varieties HJ 21, Bima 19, and NK 212; as a subplot was the plant spacing i.e., double row “jajar legowo” 90 x 50 x 20 cm and farmers habitual 60 cm x 30 cm, and the sub-sub plot was the application of organic manure fertilizer i.e., 2 tons/ha and without organic manure fertilizer. The results showed that there was no interaction between the three treatment factors tested. Then, each treatment factor has a free effect on the variables observed. The result showed that the treatment of NK 212 varieties, double row plant space, and organic fertilizer were affect significantly some variable of the plant growth and yields. The highest yield was obtained in the treatment of NK 212 varieties of 8.51 tons ha−1. Double row plant spacing treatment was increasing the yield up to 16.26%, and organic fertilizer treatment increased the yield by only 5.7 %.
Utilization of coconut water waste to increase cocoa growth seedling by different application methods and intervals
Authors: Rosniawaty S , Ariyanti M , Suherman C , Sudirja R , Fitria S
Published: February 2021

Giving coconut water might increase cocoa seedling growth because coconut water contains nutrients and hormone that is needed for plant growth. This experiment was conducted to study the growth response of cocoa seedlings towards the application of coconut water. The experiment was conducted from October 2019 until February 2020 in Ciparanje field station, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor with the altitude of 760 meter above the sea level. Experimental design used was randomized block design (RBD) with nine treatments and each treatment was repeated three times. The treatments consisted of control application (urea 2 g every 12 days), coconut water application towards plant every 3, 7, 14, 21 days, and to the soil every 3, 7, 14, 21 days. The application of coconut water every 21 days to the plant and to the soil affected the seedling height at 12 WAA (week after application) and on the stem diameter in 8 WAA. Negligible differences were observed between application method and intervals with leaf number and chlorophyll index of seedlings.
Evaluation of thirty Indonesian chili varieties for resistance to Phythopthora capsici
Authors: Irawati N , Rohmayanti Y , Hermanto C , Wartono  , Kirana R
Published: February 2021

The disease caused by P. capsici can attack all tissue and growth phases of the chili plant with the yield loss up to 100%. The research aimed to evaluate the resistance response of thirty Indonesian chili varieties against P.capsici that have been carried out at the IVEGRI research station - Lembang, West Java since April until July 2020. The selection method was carried out using the artificial inoculation. A total of 10 ml of zoospores with a density of 106 were inoculated on chili seedlings five weeks after sowing. The observations were carried out by scoring symptoms that appeared (score 0 to 5) five times. The observation was carried out at 7 to 35 days after inoculation with intervals of 7 days. Based on disease severity (DS), the resistances of varieties were grouped into three levels, namely resistant (DS<20%), moderately resistant (20%<DS<50%), and susceptible (DS>50%). The result showed variations on symptoms, scoring, and the time of symptom appearance in and between the varieties tested. The evaluation result showed that 24 varieties were resistant, 5 moderately resistant, and 1 susceptible to P. capsici.
The effect of time and duration of tapping and the addition of laru as natural preservative in coconut sap quality
Authors: Mustaufik  , Sutiarso L , Rahayoe S , Widodo K H
Published: February 2021

This study was aimed to obtain the optimal quality of coconut sap at the tapping stage related to tapping time and duration and addition of natural preservative named laru. The study was designed as factorial design with complete randomized block. The factors applied were tapping time at morning to noon (06.00 - 14.00 AM) and at afternoon to evening (14.00 - 22.00 PM), tapping duration in 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours and laru addition in 0 and 2%. The results showed that the quality of coconut sap (volume, discharge, acidity level/pH and sucrose content) from tapping at afternoon to evening time was higher and better than tapping at morning to noon time. In tapping coconut sap without laru addition, the optimal time duration of tapping at the morning to noon is 6 hours, while tapping time at the afternoon to evening is 8 hours. In tapping coconut sap with the addition of laru, the optimal limit of tapping time at the morning to noon is 8 hours, while for tapping in the afternoon to night is more than 8 hours.
The agronomic performance and feasibility study of new high yield rice varieties in Tegal district
Authors: Romdon A S , Arianti F D , Komalawati
Published: February 2021

Variety is one of innovations that could contribute to the increase of rice production. The objectives of this study were to compare the agronomic performance of rice varieties and its feasibility of new high yield varieties namely Inpari 30, Inpari 32 and Inpari 33) with the existing variety (Mekongga). Research was conducted in Banjaranyar Village, Balapulang Subdistrict, Tegal Regency. The agronomic performance observed were the height of plants, number of productive tillers, length of panicles, number of grain/panicles, and yield or milled dry grain production. Meanwhile the feasibility study was calcutaed in term of Revenue Cost Ratio (R/C) analysis. Result showed the significant different in observed performance among varieties. The productivity of Inpari 30, Inpari 32 and Inpari 33 were 5.45, 5.97, and 5.89 tons/ha of milled dry grain (GKG) respectively. All new high yield varieties showed better production performance compared to Mekongga (4.96 tons/ha GKG). The feasibility study showed R/C value of Inpari 30, Inpari 32, Inpari 33 and Mekongga were 1.28, 1.41, 1.39 and 1.14, respectively. Among these varieties, Inpari 32 has the highest feasibility study value.
Development of Boyolali local peanut and composite corn planting patterns on rainfed rice fields
Authors: Setiapermas M N , Nurlaily R
Published: February 2021

The location of the experiment was in the agro-ecosystem rainfed ricefield, Nogosari, Boyolali from June 2017 to September 2017. The research consisted of a survey of technology components commonly applied at the farmer level as well as demonstration plots of technology components in accordance with the integrated crop management of palawija (composite corn and local peanuts). Farmers’ understanding of the cultivation technology of peanuts and corn were very high. The yield of ubinan of Boyolali local peanut monoculture was still higher in farmer dosage (7.5 tons / ha) compared to the recommendation from Center for Agricultural Technology Studies (CATS) of Central Java. The yield of local peanut intercropping composite corn was higher (6.1 ton / ha) compared to the recommendation of CATS (5.0 ton / ha). The yield of monoculture corn cropping is 3.6 tones / ha at recommended dosage treatment and Provit A variety is 4 tons / ha. Meanwhile, the yield of corn in intercropping was experiencing crop failure. Thus, the intercropping pattern of peanuts and composite corn can be accepted by farmers and can develop in this area if assisted by dissemination in the form of demonstration plots in rainfed agro-ecosystems ricefield.
The effect of attractant production factors on the income of curly red chili (Capsicum annum L.) farming (case in Pasirwangi District, Garut Regency)
Authors: Karyani T , Susanto A , Tedy S , Hapsari H
Published: February 2021

Curly red chili (Capsicum sp) is one of the commercial horticultural commodities that has a major obstacle in its cultivation, namely of the attack of Plant Pest Organisms. One type of pests that often damages chili plants is fruit flies (Bactrocera spp) which can be controlled using an attractant. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the production of curly red chili in farm with attractant utilization and without it and also their effect to farmers’ income. This research was conducted in Pasirwangi District, Garut Regency using a survey method on 72 farmers of red curly chilies. Data were analysed using multiple regression of a production function where one of the dummy production factors was the usage of attractant and non-attractant. The results showed that the production factors including land area, seeds, NPK fertilizer, organic fertilizer, labor and attractants had a positive effect on the production of curly red chilies. Partially, the production factors such as urea, Za fertilizer, KCl fertilizer and pesticides did not have any effect on the production of curly red chilies The income of attractant users was higher than those who were not using attractants.
Determination of thermal diffusivity of bulk corn kernel and bulk milled corn kernel using numerical method
Authors: Waluyo S , Ardiyanto A , Telaumbanua M
Published: February 2021

Drying and storage of agricultural products are often related to heat transfer processes, both within the material and between the material and its environment. Thermal diffusivity is one of the thermo-physical properties related to the heat transfer processes in the material. This study aims to measure the thermal diffusivity of shelled corn, milled corn passed mesh 6, milled corn passed mesh 8, and milled corn passed mesh 16 (corn flour) fed by an axial heat source of 50 °C and 70 °C. The temperature sensors LM35 were used to gauge temperature history and were placed at 9 points in the test cylinder. The thermal diffusivity is then estimated from the temperature distribution data using numerical method. We found that the thermal diffusivity of shelled corn, milled corn passed mesh 6, milled corn passed mesh 8, and milled corn passed mesh 16 (corn flour) are (1.35, 1.38, 1, 69, and 2.30) x10−7 m2/s, respectively, at axial heat source of 50 °C and (1.39, 1.42, 1.72, and 2.36) x10−7 m2/s, respectively, at axial heat source of 70 °C. The smaller the bulk density and the larger the heat source provided, the higher the thermal diffusivity.
Analysis and Projections of Rainfall using representative concentration pathways (RCPs) Scenarios in Sleman Yogyakarta
Authors: Annisa H N , Nugroho B D A
Published: February 2021

Climate change has affected many agricultural areas, and further problem in food security. One of indicator in climate change is the pattern of rainfall, then it is necessary to predict that. This research was conducted in Sleman due to this area has a lot of agricultural activities which greatly influence human life in Yogyakarta. Monthly rainfall data were obtained from Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Serayu Opak (BBWSSO) from 1988 to 2019. Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM) was used to downscale 21st century rainfall for 30 years in Sleman, Yogyakarta. Downscaling was performed on the basis of established relationships between historical data observed rainfall records from 7 stations and National Center for Environmental Prediction re-analysis large scale atmospheric predictors. General Circulation Models (GCMs) under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) climate change with scenarios of RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, and RCP 8.5. Rainfall prediction with RCP scenarios is needed to be used as a guide for adaptation of crops in agriculture because it relates to water availability.
Characteristics of vegetarian patties burgers made from tofu and tempeh
Authors: Herawati H , Kamsiati E
Published: February 2021

Patties burgers are generally made from beef with the addition of seasonings and produced through molding and heating process. This study aimed to development of vegetarian burgers aims by determining the effect of the proportion of raw materials on characteristics of vegetarian burgers. The treatments being tested were proportion of raw materials namely tempeh (100%), tempeh: tofu (50:50), and tofu (100%). The results showed that raw material had significant effect on moisture content, color of raw and cooked burgers, texture, cooking yield and moisture retention of vegetarian burger. Tempeh-based burgers produce more compact texture compared to tofu-based burgers. Tempeh-based burgers have highest texture values, namely 7.51 N hardness, 2.18 mm springiness, 4.75 N gumminess, and chewiness 10.32 mJ. Tofu-based burgers have highest brightness color values, at raw L 71.19 and at cooked L 51.61. The highest moisture content in raw burgers was found in tofu burgers 74.49%, but in cooked burger, tofu burger has lowest moisture content 23.35%. Tempeh burgers has highest cooking yield 78.05% and highest moisture retention 34.84%. The use of tempeh in tofu and tempeh mixed burgers increases value of texture, cooking yield and moisture retention of burger compared to tofu-based burgers.
The dormancy breaking of garlic seeds through thermal shock storage methods and soaking in gibberellin acid
Authors: Sasmitaloka K S , Hidayat T , Arif A B , Jamal I B
Published: February 2021

Garlic seed production is constrained by a long dormancy period, which is 5-6 months. This study aimed to analyses the effect of thermal shock storage methods and soaking in gibberellin acid on the dormancy breaking of garlic seeds. Raw material used in this study was garlic bulbs variety Sangga Sembalun. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with treatments of storage temperature (low temperature / 12-14°C, high temperature / 38-42°C + low temperature / 12-14°C, high temperature / 38-42°C + room temperature / 28-30°C, and room temperature) and gibberellin acid concentration (0, 125, 250, 375 ppm), with two replications. Total storage duration was 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that storage temperature was significantly different of their germination (p<0.05). Storage of garlic seeds by the thermal shock method can shorten the dormancy period from 5-6 months to 12 weeks. Germination capacity resulting from combination of high temperature (38-42°C) storage for 6 weeks and low temperature (12-14°C) for 6 weeks (a total of 12 weeks) is higher than continuous storage of low temperature and room temperature without requiring the addition gibberellin acid.
Combined compost with biochar application to mitigate greenhouse gas emission in paddy field
Authors: Pramono A , Adriany T A , Yulianingsih E , Sopiawati T , Hervani A
Published: February 2021

Crop production and environmental sustainability were threatened by environmental issues such as global warming, climate change and land degradation. Rice is a staple food of more than half of the world’s population and the most important source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Rice production accounted for 36% of total emissions from agriculture. The use of organic material management in paddy fields is a potential to support sustainable agriculture. Biochar is reported to enhance soil carbon sequestration and soil productivity. This study aimed to know the effect of combined compost with biochar application on rice yields and greenhouse gas emissions in rainfed rice fields. The research was conducted for 3 years at research station of Indonesian Agricultural Environment Research Institute, Pati-Central Java. CH4 and N2O emissions were measured using close chamber method. We used combined compost with rice husk biochar for organic fertilizer, namely Biocompost. The results of this study indicated that the application of combined compost with biochar in each planting season improved the grain yield by 17% and reduced global warming potential (GWP) by 5% compared to conventional practice. The combined compost with biochar application in paddy fields has the opportunity as GHG mitigation efforts on rice production.
The role of phosphate solubilizing bacteria from Rhizosphere of upland rice in the growth and yield of upland rice on ultisol soil
Authors: Hadi S N , Fatichin  , Fauzi A , Widiyawati I , Ahadiyat Y R
Published: February 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the role of B. proteolyticus GT2, B. paramycoides SR1, and A. delafieldii PA1 in the growth and yield of upland rice grown on ultisol soil, determine the best bacteria that showed the best upland rice growth and yield, and determine the interactions between upland rice varieties and bacterial type. The research was conducted in a greenhouse, Pasir Lor Village, Karanglewas District, Banyumas Regency, Central Java, Indonesia from December 2019 to June 2020. The research used a factorial randomized block design consisting of two factors: the upland rice varieties type (INPAGO UNSOED 1 (V1), INPAGO UNSOED PARIMAS (V2), and INPAGO 8 (V3)) and the bacteria type (control (B), B. proteolyticus GT2 (B1), B. paramycoides SR1 (B2), and A. delafieldii PA1 (B3)). Each combination was repeated three times. The results showed that PSB played a role in increasing the number of productive tillers, root volume, and root dry weight. A. delafieldii PA1 was the best bacteria in increasing the number of productive tillers, while B. paramycoides SR1 was the best bacteria in increasing root volume and dry weight. The results showed that there was no interaction between upland rice varieties and bacterial type.
Analysis of rice profitability and marketing in Jakarta
Authors: Nurmalinda  , Waryat  , Aminah S , Irawati A F C , Yanis M , Maharani W S , Ammatillah C S
Published: February 2021

Jakarta as a metropolitan area has rice fields spread across three urban areas. The rice marketing was usually conducted directly over harvest time, either to collectors who come to the harvest location or sell them to Subang or Indramayu. The aim of the study was to examine rice profitability and marketing in Jakarta. The study was carried out in three regions of Jakarta, namely North, West and East of Jakarta, through survey method. The respondents were 46 farmers with direct interview techniques. The profitability of rice farming was analyzed by using cost and revenue analysis, while rice marketing was analyzed by using qualitative descriptive. The results showed that rice farming in Jakarta was still profitable with the R/C ratio greater than one. The marketing chain of rice in Jakarta was generally very short. The farmers mostly sold the rice directly to large traders (Jakarta-Outside Trader; 85%), only a small proportion (15%) sold to regional collectors. As much as 90% of the grain was sold to the traders and 10% was used as seed or consumption. The selling price of rice was determined by traders based on quality of grain. The non-hulled rice price ranged Rp 4200-4500 per kg.
Climate-smart agriculture implementation facing climate variability and uncertainty in the coffee farming system
Authors: Djufry F , Wulandari S
Published: February 2021

Climate risk in agriculture indicates the potential of climate-related hazards to impact coffee production and quality negatively. Coffee production has decreased due to changes in temperature, more extended droughts, and increased pests’ invasion. Coffee agribusiness is demanded to respond to the increasing need for Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA). As a CSA model, coffee cattle integration offers farmers risk management strategies and options to adapt to climate change. However, the effectiveness of its implementation is still low due to technical and institutional constraints. The study’s objectives are to analyze constraints to implement coffee cattle integration as a CSA model and formulate strategies to implement it. The analysis method used Interpretive Structural Modelling. CSA implementation constraints include input, labor, knowledge, technology, capital, and farmer institutions in crop and livestock production. Strategies for implementing coffee cattle integration, as CSA practice, is carried out in a hierarchical stage. It starts with developing a support system to improve agricultural support policies, promote public-private partnerships, and support community assistance and facilitation center, followed by the increasing availability of capital through credit farm.
Application of Fourier Transform Near-Infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy for detection of adulteration in palm sugar
Authors: Rismiwandira K , Roosmayanti F , Pahlawan M F R , Masithoh R E
Published: February 2021

The aim of this research was to detect adulteration in palm sugar by coconut sugar using FT-NIR spectroscopy with two chemometric methods namely partial least squares regression (PLSR) and principal component analysis (PCA). The absorbance spectra were taken using the FT-NIRFlex-500 Solid. Several spectral pre-processing methods used were the 1st Savitzky-Golay Derivative, Normalization, Standard Normal Variate (SNV), Multiplicative Scatter Correction (MSC), and Baseline. Coconut sugar as adulterant with various concentration ranging from 0 to 100% were added to the palm sugar. A total of 77 spectra of pure and adulterated palm sugar samples were divided into two groups in which 51 samples used for developing calibration model and 26 samples used for developing prediction model. The spectral obtained were pre-processed and analyzed using The Unscrambler X version 10.4. The best transformation of PLSR was MSC with coefficient of determination (Rc2) of 0.93 and the root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.07 for calibration. By using prediction data sets, the model resulted in coefficient of determination of prediction (Rp2) of 0.91 and a root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.09. Based on this result, FT-NIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics is a promising method in food authentication.
Physicochemical and sensory properties of cookies produced from the flour of banana variety of “Raja Lawe” and “Raja Labu”
Authors: Naufalin R , Wibowo C , Arofah N
Published: February 2021

Banana is one of the versatile fruit because not only can be freshly consumed but it can be utilized as raw material for food processing. In Indonesia, there are many varieties of Banana that cultivated throughout the country. Banana “Raja Lawe” and “Raja Labu” are some of them that commonly cultivated in Banjarnegara, Central Java. These bananas could be utilized for producing the flour that can be as a raw material for food products. This research aims to study the appropriate treatments for producing the cookies from the flour of banana “Raja Lawe” and “Raja Labu”. The flour from the “Raja Lawe” and “Raja Labu” combined the different proportion of wheat flour, such as 20:80%, 40:60%, 60:40%, 80:20%, and 100: 0%. The properties of cookies observed were swelling potential, hardness, color parameter, moisture content, ash content, and sensory attributes. The result shows that the flour from banana of “Raja Lawe” and “Raja Labu” could be utilized as a raw material for cookies production. Due to the differences in the inherent characteristic, the cookies produced from both bananas have different properties. The differences are indicated in the result of the color and hardness of the cookies. Moreover, based on the sensory evaluation the cookies resulted from all treatments are accepted by the panelists. Therefore, this research presents that the appropriate treatment combinations for producing cookies from the flour from banana “Raja Lawe” is the proportion of 40: 60% (banana flour: wheat flour) from and “Raja Labu” Banana is 80: 20% (banana flour: wheat flour).
The effect of addition of whey protein concentrate and emulsifier on characteristics of cheddar cheese analogue from corn milk
Authors: Sumarmono J , Sustriawan B , Aini N , Prihananto V , Widiastuti A
Published: February 2021

Corn milk has been considered as the ingredient of cheddar cheese analogue. In cheddar cheese manufacturing, whey protein and stabilizer like Tween-80 and Span-80 are required. This study objectives are to determine the best proportion of whey protein concentrate (WPC) concentration and emulsifier types to produce analogue cheddar cheese with corn milk base and its effect on the physical, chemical, and sensory characteristics of analogue cheddar cheese. The experimental design was factory randomized block design with two factors, the WPC level (20, 25, 30%) and emulsifier type (Tween-80, Span-80, and Tween-80 combination: Span-80). The physicochemical and sensory variables data were analyzed on a 5% F-test, and the significant results were further analyzed with the multiple-range test of Duncan at a level of 5%. The results showed that changes in WPC level had effects on yield value, water content, dissolved protein content, and fat content. The variation of emulsifiers affected water content and protein content. The best proportion of the analogue cheddar was WPC 30% and emulsifier Tween-80 1% with yield value 63.23%, pH 5.7, total dissolved solids 31.75%, moisture content 59.24%, protein dissolve 10.07% bk, fat content 13.65% bk, and total acid 1%.
Antioxidant activities, physicochemical properties and sensory characteristics of kecombrang tea (Etlingera
elatior) as functional drink
Authors: Naufalin R , Erminawati  , Wibowo D N
Published: February 2021

Kecombrang is one of the plants in Zingiberaceae group which has antioxidant properties and potential to be processed as raw material for functional drinks including herbal teas. The addition of sugar and tamarind can alter the characteristics of kecombrang tea. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding various types of sugar and tamarind to kecombrang flower powder on physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity and sensory characteristics of kecombrang tea. This study used an experimental method with a randomized block design (RBD) consisted of 6 treatment combinations with 4 replications to obtain 24 experimental units. The factors tested were kecombrang plant parts (flowers and fruit); tamarind addition (without and added with acid); and crystal coconut sugar addition (without and added with coconut sugar). The results showed that the best treatment combination based on the effectiveness index method was kecombrang flowers with the addition of tamarind and coconut sugar. This product has a total phenol of 5.96 mg TAE (Tannic Acid Equivalent)/gram bk, water content of 1.32%, ash content of 3.54%, pH of 4.5, and antioxidant activity of 85.93%, red color, a quite strong distinctive aroma of kecombrang, and a bit sour taste.
Antioxidant potential ingredient of kecombrang plants (Etlingera
elatior)
Authors: Naufalin R , Sutrisna E , Wicaksono R
Published: February 2021

Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) is a plant that has been widely known and used by humans as food and medicine. The stems, leaves, and rhizomes of kecombrang as well as flowers contain bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, saponins and essential oils which have a potency as antioxidants. This study aims to determine the effect of the parts of kecombrang plants and the type of fraction extracted from the part of the kecombrang plant on the total phenol, antioxidant activity and physicochemical properties of the preparation. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 8 combinations with 4 replications to obtain 32 experimental units. The factors tested included fragmented plant parts, namely flowers, stems, leaves, and rhizomes, and the types of stratified extraction fractions, namely ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The variables observed included physicochemical properties, total phenol and antioxidant activity of kecombrang preparations. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (F test) followed by DMRT 5%. The results showed that the total value of phenol and the highest antioxidant activity was the part of kecombrang stems fractionated using ethanol, namely 15,894.07 mg/100g and 89.12%, respectively.
Identification of the accumulation of excess temperature during one growing season as a basis for determining suitability for potato plant (Solanum tuberosum L.) in a tropical region
Authors: Firmansyah I , Sevirasari N , Sulistyaningsih E , Pertiwi M D
Published: February 2021

High temperature in tropical countries is a significant constraint for potato plant development. It is important to identify the accumulation of excess air temperature between the region with low-temperature and high-temperature during one growing season, as a basis for determining the suitable area for potato plants in a tropical region. Two series of experiments have conducted, the first had carried out in two locations, (1) in the high-temperature area (380 masl) and (2) in the low-temperature area (1360 masl). The second experiment had carried out in a high-temperature area (600 masl). The potato cultivars tested were sensitive to high temperatures. The results of the first experiment showed that the difference between the minimum/maximum air temperature accumulation of one growing season between 1360 masl and 380 masl was 179.49/330.42°C and the decrease in tuber yield reached -76%, resulting in unmarketable potato tuber. The results of the second experiment showed that the difference in the accumulation of minimum/maximum air temperature between 1360 masl and 600 masl was 18.8/188.4°C, which decreasing in tuber yield about -15.2%. This study indicates, the temperature at 600 masl still exceeds the optimum temperature; nonetheless, the quantity and quality of the potato tubers produced were marketable.
Growth and productivity responses to the utilization of superior rice varieties and bio-silica application in rainfed land
Authors: Aryawati S A N , Sunanjaya I W , Yasa I M R , Kamandalu A A N B , Sari A R K , Hoerudin
Published: February 2021

This research aimed to understand response of growth and rice productivity to the utilization of superior rice varieties and the application of biosilica fertilizer on rainfed land at different planting season. The study employed split plot design with three superior varieties of rice as main plot treatment and biosilica application as sub-plot. The growth and rice productivity were observed during dry season and rainy season. The utilization of superior rice varieties was only affected on number of total grains, 1000 grains weight and productivity at dry season meanwhile it affected the variables observed at rainy season. Application of biosilica fertilizer did not affect plant height, number of empty and total grains at dry season meanwhile it affected the variables observed at rainy season. Rice productivities were significantly different in both factors. Result showed that most of variables values obtained with biosilica application were higher. Biosilica fertilizer was able to increase productivity up to 1.08 tons/ha from 6.48 tons/ha to 7.56 tons/ha at dry season and up to 1.92 tons/ha from 8.7 tons/ha to 10.62 ton/ha at rainy season. This result indicated that utilization of superior rice varieties and biosilica fertilizer is recommended to increase rice productivity on rainfed land.
The effect of arginine addition on chemical and antioxidant properties of coconut sap during heating
Authors: Haryanti P , Supriyadi  , Marseno D W , Santoso U
Published: February 2021

Arginine contains positive charged ends that are suitable to bind molecules with negative charge like carbonyl groups of reducing sugar in coconut sap. This research aimed to determine the effect of various arginine concentrations on chemical and antioxidant properties of coconut sap during the heating process. A 2.5 L of coconut sap was added with 0.4; 0.8 and 1.2 mM arginine and heated with an open process until the temperature of sap reached 118 °C. Fifty grams of sap samples were collected in the temperature of 80, 100 and 118 °C during heating treatment. The results showed that the variation of arginine concentration did not significantly affect water content, reducing sugar, total sugar, and sucrose of coconut sap samples. Coconut sap added with 0.4 mM showed the highest pH during heating. The highest of free amino acid content was shown on coconut sap added with 0.8 mM arginine at the end of heating temperature. The 0.8 mM of arginine concentration and the sap temperature of 100 °C were the optimum condition to obtain the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity i.e. 69.93%, while the chelating activity of coconut sap added with 0.4 mM was significantly higher than other treatments (34.42%).
Price volatility of staple food using ARCH-GARCH model
Authors: Setiawati I , Ardiansyah  , Taufikurohman R
Published: February 2021

Staple goods are vulnerable to inflation. The fluctuating of the price of staple food is an interesting study for regions wishing to control the inflation rate. The purpose of this study is to analyze the price volatility of several food commodities and to find out the best model as alternative forecasting model that is suitable for the phenomenon of price volatility. This study uses time series data, namely the weekly prices of staple food for the last two years. The econometric model used in this study is the Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity-Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (ARCH-GARCH) model. The ARCH-GARCH model is used to estimate the volatility of the price of the community groups. Staple food studied in this study included 3 commodities, namely rice, chicken, and sugar. The results showed that the prices of the three goods were volatile. Therefore, it is important for local governments to know how to maintain the weekly price of staple foods so that inflation can be controlled.
Hierarchical structure of synergistic multi-agent system
Authors: Bezborodova O E , Bodin O N , Kramm M N , Vorobieva S V , Kharitonov S A
Published: February 2021

The article considers the task of ensuring the efficiency of synergistic information-measuring and control systems. A structural scheme of synergistic information-measuring and control system based on multi-agent technologies has been developed and a decomposition of goals has been presented. For the heterogeneous group of unmanned aerial vehicles involved in search and rescue operations in the emergency zone, control algorithms based on the use of synergies have been proposed. It is shown that the synergistic effect lies in the joint interaction of diverse unmanned aerial vehicles of a heterogeneous group. Calculations are given and graphs are constructed, that illustrate the operation of a heterogeneous group of unmanned aircraft in normal mode and in the event of failure of one of the unmanned aerial vehicles. It has been proven that the group is able to complete the task due to the synergistic effect.
Improving data collection and processing efficiency by using hierarchies of intelligent agents in multi-agent systems
Authors: Bezborodova O E , Bodin O N , Paschenko D V
Published: February 2021

The paper considers the challenge of improving data collection and processing efficiency by using various information and measurement systems. A structural scheme of a hierarchical multi-agent control system has been developed, incorporating horizontal (single-level) and vertical (multi-level) connections between intelligent agents. An algorithm is proposed for controlling a heterogeneous group of unmanned aerial vehicles participating in search and rescue operations in an emergency zone based on the hierarchical interaction of intelligent agents, cloning and coalition formation. KPI values have been calculated and the effectiveness of the proposed solution have been proved.
The task of increasing the number of training situations as one of the areas for improving the ergatic software and hardware systems “Aviation simulator”
Authors: Roganov V R , Asmolova E A , Esimova N S , Omirbekov R U , Kuvshinova O , Aidarbek G K
Published: February 2021

Currently, the ergatic software and hardware complex, called the “flight simulator”, is used worldwide for professional training of crew members in piloting an aircraft in special flight conditions. Flight and integrated flight simulators include a visual environment simulator that synthesizes for a pilot a three-dimensional image of the external environment behind the simulator’s cabin, which allows pilots to be trained in visual landing on a runway model, while solving aeronautical problems. Simulators of the visual environment developed earlier could not synthesize recognizable areas of the area more than 400 × 400 km in size necessary for training in solving problems of self-driving. Therefore, simulators for the training of navigators were separately developed, teaching the determination of the location of the model of an aircraft in the model of the environment according to the models of radio engineering means of aircraft. Modern optical-technical-software systems for the synthesis of three-dimensional models of the external environment allow us to develop new and modernize existing flight and complex flight simulators by adding training to the crew of the aircraft in solving problems of aircraft navigation. The analysis carried out by the authors of this article showed that for this it is necessary to solve the problem of selecting objects that should become benchmarks and their placement according to the model of a large area. Solutions are proposed that allow us to solve the tasks and develop a model of a recognizable piece of the earth’s surface that is sufficient to solve the problems of piloting and self-driving training on an aircraft simulator.