bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Awareness and perception of health insurance among rural population in Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu
Authors: K. Raja T. , M. Buvnesh Kumar , T. Muthukumar , Mohan Anisha Pannakal
Published: August 2019

Background: Health insurance awareness and perception is most preliminary and people are getting familiar of it. Still the utilization of health insurance has not reached the rural areas due to lack of awareness among rural population. The present study was done with an aim of assessing individual’s awareness and perception of the health insurance.Methods: The study was a community based cross sectional study conducted for a period of 6 months among villages which is field practice area of a medical college in Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu. 310 houses were interviewed. Line listing of the houses was done and data collected through semi structured questionnaire either from the head of the family or the family member who was available in the house. Data collected was statistically analyzed by SPSS version 21.Results: In this study, among 310 participants majority were females (62%), middle class (31%), nuclear family (83%). 51% were aware about health insurance, source of awareness was mostly from television (38.3%). 48% of study participants were aware of Chief Minister Health Scheme.Conclusions: Majority of the people who were aware about the Chief Minister Health Scheme were not aware about the complete benefits and details of the scheme, which emphasis on the need for creating more awareness about health insurance to avoid unpredictable health expenses in case of illness and injuries.
Mobile phone usage among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in an urban sub-center in India: a cross sectional study
Authors: Philip Reni , Fathima Farah Naaz , Agarwal Twinkle , Andews Aman
Published: August 2019

Background: Diabetes education enables patients to be more involved in their care and helps in delaying complications. Mobile phone penetration in rural India is high and provides us with an opportunity to use mobile phones in delivering diabetes education messages. So the objective of the study is to study mobile phone usage among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in an urban sub-center.Methods: A list of all the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was obtained from the health management information system records of the rural health and center and structured interview schedule was administered. Universal sampling method was used.Results: Around half of the diabetic patients included in the study (55.6%) owned a personal mobile phone, 44.4% had access to a smart phone in the household and 35.4% had internet connectivity on their phone. Predominant mobile phone usages included making phone calls (54.4%), short messaging services (44.8%), listening to music (17.6), wake up alarm (14.4%) and capturing photos/videos (12.8%). Very few participants reported using mobile phone for health-related purposes (12.8%) and usage of health-related apps (10%). A large proportion of participant reported that they would like to receive reminders for clinic visits (54.0%), set alarms as reminders to improve adherence to medication (53.6). Chi-square test was used to find associations.Conclusions:Two-thirds of the patients with known diabetes have access to a mobile phone at the household level. Mobile phones have potential application to be used as channel for health education, reminders for clinic visits and to improve adherence to medication among patients with diabetes in urban India.
Evaluation of revised national tuberculosis control programme in rural Puducherry
Authors: Rangasamy Surendar , Marimuthu Arthi , Subramanian Rajkumar , A. Narayan K.
Published: August 2019

Background: WHO estimates that annually 3 million deaths occurs due to tuberculosis and will reach to more than one billion in 2020. In India, more than 40% of population is infected. The revised national tuberculosis control programme (RNTCP) uses directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS) therapy strategy to reduce mortality and morbidity, reduce transmission. Compliance to DOTS therapy is one of the important factors that affect the treatment outcome. Hence this study was done to assess the drug compliance rate of adults registered under RNTCP in the past one year and first three months after starting the study and to explore the factors associated with drug compliance.Methods: A longitudinal study was done in Bahour Commune Panchayat with subjects registered under RNTCP from January 2011 to March 2012. They were followed-up by house visit, interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire.Results: The mean age was 44±13 years, 35 (68.6%) males were illiterate. About 60 (85.7%) belong to Class IV socio-economic status; 15 (29.4%) and 33 (64.7%) of adults had smoking and alcohol intake respectively; 03 (04.3) were diabetic. The treatment compliance rates were cured 64.3% (45/70), completed 27.1% (19/70), default 2.9% (02/70), failure 5.7% (04/70).Conclusions: Male being diseased in the productive age-group, will not only affect the health of the patient but also affect the family’s economic status. Most of the males gave history of alcohol intake, for which they require constant motivation for compliance to the treatment.
Assessment of mobile phone problematic usage and associated health related symptoms among medical students at Goa Medical College
Authors: Bhamaikar Varsha M. , Bicholkar Abhishek , Cacodcar Jagadish
Published: August 2019

Background: Mobile Phones can be considered as one of the essential socio-personal utility with diverse features but its overuse may have negative consequences on health. The objective of the present study was to assess the prevalence of mobile phone problematic usage among the medical students and to study the association of health related symptoms and problematic mobile phone usage.Methods: A total of 250 medical students were included in this study. Data regarding the sociodemographic factors and perceived health symptoms related to mobile phone use was collected on a predesigned, structured and self-administered questionnaire. Mobile phone problem use scale (MPPUS) was employed to assess the problematic usage of mobile phone and students were classified into following four categories - casual users (<74), regular users (75-143), at risk users (>143-<179) and problematic users (>179).Results: The total prevalence of problematic users was 22% (17.2% at risk, 4.8% problematic users). Eye strain, concentration difficulties, memory disturbances, morning tiredness, headache, sleep disturbances, painful fingers and restlessness were significantly associated with at risk and problematic users.Conclusions: Multiple health symptoms were associated with problematic use of mobile phones among the medical students. MPPUS is a useful tool which can be used to identify problematic usage of mobile phones.
Study on usage of over the counter medication among college students in Telangana: a cross sectional study
Authors: Ganapa Praveena , Jothula Kishore Y.
Published: August 2019

Background: The use of over the counter medications (OTC) has been reported to be on rise internationally. The OTC drug market in India currently ranks 11th in the global OTC market. Since Indian patients have a huge tendency of self-treatment, the Indian market is characterized by a huge demand for OTC drugs. Hence the current study is undertaken to know the practices of over the counter medication among college students.Methods: Institutional based cross sectional study carried out in Pharmacy College and all interested students were included with sample size of 141. Data was collected by interview method by using questionnaire. Results were presented in percentages using SPSS statistical package version 23.Results: Subjects were opting for the over the counter medication. Most common drugs dispensed were cough remedies (52.4%) followed by antibiotics (38.2%). Most (47.5%) common source of medication was parents.Conclusions: Majority of the students were opting for the over the counter medication and it is need of the hour to improve the knowledge regarding its adverse effects and about rationale use of drugs and drug resistance.
Health care needs assessment of elderly with functional disability in Palam village of Delhi
Authors: Kumar Devendra , Rasania S. K. , Das Ranjan
Published: August 2019

Background: Exploring the health care needs of the aged is important in any society. Certain assessments of the elderly are comprehensive in that they are able to measure the met and unmet physical, mental and social needs in this population group and thus lead to overall improvement in their care as well as assistance for their health care providers. The objective of the present study was to assess the health care needs in elderly having functional disability in Palam village of Delhi.Methods: Health care needs assessment was done using CANE questionnaire in 81 elderly who were found to be functionally disabled out of the total 350 study subjects. It comprised of 24 items and two items related to caregivers need. Kappa test was applied to check for the inter rater agreement between the study subject and their caregivers.Results: Varied range of agreement was observed on most of the items, highest agreement noted for accommodation (98.7%) and lowest for intimate relationships (50.6%).Conclusions: Appropriate social and economic policies need to be made to mitigate the ill effects of ageing which should also address their health care needs.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of people regarding rabies in rural area of Jammu: a cross sectional study
Authors: Singh Kamna , Kapoor Anuj , Gupta Nidhi
Published: August 2019

Background: Rabies although a fatal disease, remains a disease of low public health priority. India, about 18,000 to 20,000 cases is reported every year. Awareness about rabies is very poor among Indian population particularly in rural areas, due to which India and Bangladesh belongs to a high incident countriesMethods: Present study was descriptive and cross sectional in nature conducted in village Sai of block R.S. Pura. Data was collected by face to face interview of 200 participants using a pre structured questionnaire.Results: Knowledge about rabies was intermediate as majority of the people (78.5%) have heard about the diseases. About 144 persons enumerated hydrophobia as the most common symptom. Only 48.5% of the study participants knew that it is important to wash the wound with soap and running water and 53.5% respondents were in favor of consulting a doctor. 123 (61.5%) persons understood that rabies can be prevented by proper treatment of animal bite.Conclusions: Our study found that most of the respondents knew that dogs were mainly responsible for transmitting rabies. The recommended first aid for rabies is immediate flushing and washing of the wound with soap and water for a minimum of 15 minutes. This study revealed that most people placed the responsibility for controlling the dog population on the government.
Assessment of knowledge and practice of menstrual hygiene among school going adolescent girls in an urban area of Odisha: a cross sectional study
Authors: Pradhan Sasmita , Kar Krishna , Samal Barada Prasanna , Pradhan Jagannath
Published: August 2019

Background: In the life of a female, menarche denotes the beginning of her reproductive capacity. Menstrual hygiene is an issue that every girl has to deal with in her life, but there is lack of awareness on the process of menstruation, the physical and psychological changes associated with puberty and proper requirement for managing menstruation.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2016 to December 2016 in the urban field practice area of SCB Medical College. One government high school and one private high school were selected purposively. A purposeful convenience sampling was done to select the girls who were studying in 8th, 9th and 10th standard. Data collected from 165 adolescent school girls using a predesigned, pretested and structured questionnaire. The objective of the present study is to assess the knowledge and practices regarding menstrual hygiene among school going adolescent girls and to know about the restrictions imposed upon them during menstruation.Results: Most of the adolescent girls (61.82%) had attained menarche between 13-15 years of age. 59.39% girls were aware about menstruation before menarche. The source of information about menstruation was the mother or elder sister in most of the girls (81.21 %), followed by teachers/friends in case of 18.79 % girls. 84.85% of the girls used only sanitary pad, 4.24% used only cloth and the rest 10.91% used both sanitary pad and cloth during menstruation.Conclusions: Maintenance of menstrual hygiene was better in private school girls as compared to government school girls. Health education sessions about menstrual hygiene should be conducted in the schools for spreading awareness regarding menstruation and menstrual hygiene.
Knowledge and attitude study among the nursing staff working in a tertiary care hospital in Southern India
Authors: B. Pavithra M. , Shamanewadi Amrita N. , Madhukumar Suwarna
Published: August 2019

Background: Hand hygiene is recognised as one of the leading measure to prevent cross transmission of micro-organisms. Inadequate hand hygiene practices are common cause of nosocomial infections. Nurses are considered as the “nucleus of health care system” Because of the time they spend with patients than any other health care workers. Hence their compliance with hand washing guidelines seems to be more vital in preventing the disease transmission among patients.Methods: Despite the simplicity of the procedure, compliance with hand hygiene among health care providers in particular nurses is as low as 40%. This study aims at assessing knowledge, attitude and practice of hand hygiene of the nursing staff working in a tertiary care hospital.Results: Among the 140 study participants 74% were female nurses. Majority of the study participants (78%) had average knowledge of hand hygiene in the pre-test session The health education and training session on correct hand hygiene methods significantly(p<0.001) improved the knowledge and attitude of the nursing staff, during the post-test session 87% of the nurses had good knowledge and 100% had positive attitude.Conclusions: Our study shows the importance of improving the current training programmes targeting the hand hygiene practices among nursing staff. Hand hygiene training sessions need to be conducted more frequently with continuous monitoring and performance feedback to encourage them and their fellow nurses to follow correct hand hygiene practices.
Study on stress among software professionals in Madhapur area of Hyderabad, Telangana
Authors: Thomas Vimala , Krishna Y. Sai , Kumar K. J. Kishore
Published: August 2019

Background: Stress is inescapable part of modern life, where workplace is becoming a volatile stress factory for most employees. Occupational stress/work stress/job stress can occur when there is discrepancy between the demands of the environment/workplace and an individual’s ability to carry out and complete these demands. There is paramount need to address the factors which are leading to stress at the earliest since they are increasing rapidly. The objectives of the study were to determine the levels of stress among software professionals and to determine its association with key socio-demographic variables and with working environment.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among software professionals working in Madhapur area of Hyderabad using self-administered, pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire after taking informed consent. Data was analyzed using MS Excel and Epi Info software.Results: Among the study participants, 71.5% were males and 28.5% were females. Mean age of the study participants was 34.04±7.52 years. Around 45.25% were having low stress, 33.5% moderate stress and only 21.25% had high stress according to perceived stress scale. Significant association was found between stress and age, type of family, marital status, gender and working hours per day.Conclusions: In the study, most of them were having low stress according to perceived stress scale. Females were having high stress compared to males. Software professionals have to be educated on factors which are leading to stress to prevent its adverse effects.
Anaemia prevalence among school children of southern districts of Karnataka
Authors: Shabadi Nayanabai , Thomas Jose Jom , D. Sunil Kumar , M. R. Narayana Murthy , M. Shwethashree , Gopi Arun
Published: August 2019

Background: Anaemia is a major health problem creating an extreme burden on public health, especially in developing countries. Globally, anaemia affects 1.62 billion people, which corresponds to 24.8% of the population. The government of India is implementing various programs to bring down the prevalence of anaemia including iron and folic acid supplementation to school going children. This study attempts to assess the prevalence of anaemia among school going children of first to the tenth standard, in rural and urban areas of Mysore and Chamarajanagara districts of southern part of Karnataka state, India.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in 50 selected schools of Mysore and Chamarajanagara districts for a period of one academic year, and 8719 students were evaluated for anaemia. The data was analyzed using appropriate software and statistical methods.Results: The prevalence of anaemia among school going children in Mysore and Chamarajanagar districts was 27.6%. While 22.7% of the girls showed the signs of anaemia, only 19.2% of boys showed anaemia. The prevalence of anaemia was high in rural areas than urban areas and maximum prevalence was seen among high school students followed by upper primary school students and lower primary school students.Conclusions: The total prevalence of anaemia among school children in Mysore and Chamarajanagara districts was 27.6%. The prevalence of anaemia was below the currently available national standards. This low prevalence could be attributed to the continuing care with yearly screening and iron and folic acid tablets provided to the study population under National Health Mission.
Awareness and attitude regarding health insurance among insured and non-insured: a cross sectional study
Authors: Shet Nagaraj , Qadiri Ghulam Jeelani , Saldanha Sunita , Kanalli Gayathri , Sharma Prajna
Published: August 2019

Background: Health insurance is an important mechanism in the modern world to save the individuals from the huge health shock, even then very high percentage of people even from educated higher income groups are not covered under any health insurance policy. This study was undertaken to know the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding health insurance.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among 550 household of Uttar Kannada and Udupi districts. Multistage sampling technique was used.Results: Of the 550 study participants, 384 (69.8%) were BPL card holders. 348 (63.27%) were aware and also subscribed for any type of the health insurance, 115 (20.91%) were aware but did not subscribe while 87 (15.82%) were not aware about it. The main source of information were health workers 185 (39.74%), friends and family 178 (38.44%) and media 99 (21.38%). Of the 348 who had health insurance, only 89 (25.57%) utilized them. Reasons for not availing health insurances other than being unaware were complicated process 85 (42.08%) and provides only partial coverage 49 (24.26%). The main reasons for not using the health insurance were non availability of empanelled hospital 84 (74.34%), disease not being under the scope of scheme 60 (23.17%) and 32 (12.36%) were unaware about the process of availing.Conclusions: Health insurances are the best way to help people reduce their financial burden. Hence it is very important to educate the community regarding the best health insurance available so that they can take the maximum benefits from it.
A study of hygiene and sanitation among migrants reporting to a primary health care setting in North Goa
Authors: Mendes Jennifer , Shah Hemangini K.
Published: August 2019

Background: Considering that poor hygiene and inadequate sanitation has always been a major public health challenge and is responsible for the increased burden of communicable diseases in developing countries, and also the migrant population being a vulnerable community, the present study has been undertaken to evaluate this issue among them.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at a primary healthcare setting, wherein migrant population reporting to the centre were assessed for knowledge, attitude and practices regarding personal hygiene and sanitation. Also, the prevalence of hygiene and sanitation associated communicable diseases was assessed based on history and clinical examination to check for the same.Results: The study revealed that most of the study participants used a shared/community latrine (86%), followed by single household latrine (10%) and 4% participants practiced open defecation. During post defecation handwashing, 42% used water and soap every time, 39% used water and soap sometimes and 19% used water only. The most commonly reported poor hygiene and sanitation associated illness was acute gastro-enteritis (52%), followed by respiratory tract infections (39%), taenia (22%), genitor-urinary infections (12%) and others such as eye infections, dental caries, etc. (15%). 85% practice sanitary disposal of solid and liquid waste and 15% dumped the waste at a dump site or into the gutter.Conclusions: From this study, we can conclude that there is inadequate knowledge regarding good hygiene and sanitation practices, and also that considerable proportion of the study population follow unhygienic and unsanitary practices.
Prevalence and associated factors of domestic violence against married rural women of Gurugram, Haryana
Authors: . Shambhavi , Deswal Balbir Singh , Ray Shalini , Singh Manisha
Published: August 2019

Background: The global health burden from domestic violence against women in reproductive age group is about 9.5 million disability adjusted life years (DALYs). Women suffering from violence have more chances of suffering from physical, emotional, and mental problems such as anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. The objectives of the present study are to find the prevalence and awareness of domestic violence in an urban slum of Gurugram and to elicit associated risk factors and the reasons for tolerance of domestic violence.Methods: A community based, cross sectional study was conducted among married women (18-45 years) using a semi structured questionnaire in a rural area of Gurugram by systematic random sampling. Sample size collected was 900. Study population was enquired about the awareness regarding domestic violence, self-experience about domestic violence and about the form of violence experienced and the reasons for their tolerance. Data was entered and analyzed using Epi Info ver 7.Results: Total 980 subjects were enquired about their awareness and self-experience of domestic violence. Overall prevalence of domestic violence in the study population was 28%. Prevalence of domestic violence was statistically significantly associated with education, employment, duration of marriage (p value <0.05).The prevalence was highest of emotional violence (40.5%), followed by physical (33.4%), economic (21.4%) and sexual violence (4.7%).Conclusions: Public health professionals should emphasis on measures to raise public awareness so that women can talk freely about domestic violence and its consequences and help in mitigating this medico-social problem.
An approach towards metastatic neck nodes and most common site of primaries: a retrospective study
Authors: Prakash Rudra , Dutta Smrity Rupa Borah
Published: August 2019

Background: Head and neck cancer is one of the most common cancers in India and worldwide. It accounts for 30 percent of the total cancer burden. Head and neck cancers are notorious for loco regional spread presenting late with metastastasis to cervical lymph nodes.

Methods: Our study was carried out on patients presenting with metastatic neck nodes at Silchar Medical College and Hospital, Assam from 1st April 2013 to 30th March 2015.  

Results: In our study 167 patients presented with head and neck cancer with metastatic neck nodes. Metastatic nodes involving level II accounted for 51.4% of cases with primaries in oral cavity, base of tongue. Level III lymph nodes were involved in 48.6% of cases with primaries in the hypopharynx and larynx.

Conclusions: In our study it was found that hypopharynx is the most common primary head and neck cancer with metastatic neck node. The most commonly involved lymph nodes are level II and level III. This helps in understanding the pattern of micrometastases in head and neck cancer patients with N0 neck which makes way for the role of selective neck dissection in these groups of patients.
Role of selective intralesional embolization in vascular conditions of the nose and paranasal sinuses
Authors: Harugop Anil S. , . Suhasini , Bellad Shama , Mulimani Navin , Sanikop Adarsh , . Jahnavi
Published: August 2019

Background: Preoperative angiographic embolization of major feeding vessels is performed for vascular tumours and has become a valuable, even necessary tool in the surgical treatment of vascular lesions and is likely to improve the results of subsequent surgery.

Methods: We have treated six patients, all males, aged between 16-22 years. The patients were informed of the treatment strategy, and their interventions were carried out in accordance with local and general ethical standards and principles. All patients presented with nasal obstruction and epistaxis. Routine blood investigations were done and contrast enhanced CT was done to all patients to know the site of origin, size and extend of the tumour. Five patients were treated with preoperative embolization, whilst one underwent surgery without embolization.

Results: The outcome of the surgery in six patients were evaluated and interpreted. Patients who underwent sub selective embolization (SSE) had lowest morbidity and blood loss when compared to the one operated without embolization.

Conclusions: Embolization has a vital role to play in many aspects of otolaryngological practice. Using this safe technique of SSE, we achieved a significant shortening of time for surgical removal of the tumour as well as a reduction of total perioperative blood loss.
An analysis on evaluation of surgical outcomes in zetaplasty for circumferential collapse of velopharynx: a case series
Authors: Venugopal M. , Siddique S. Mohamed
Published: August 2019

Background: Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome is a disorder that involves periodic partial or total collapse of the pharyngeal airway during sleep which results in progressive asphyxia. It also leads to more insidious conditions including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, stroke, cognitive impairment and daytime somnolence. The aim is to analyse the surgical outcomes of series of 16 patients of OSA having circumferential collapse at velopharynx for which Zetaplasty was done by comparing pre-operative and post-operative symptoms, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, DISE and polysomnography.

Methods: A prospective study in 16 patients was done in our institute during the period from July 2017 to June 2018 and was followed for a period of 6 months. It comprised of 14 male and 2 female. At the patients in our study had complaints of snoring, frequent awakening at night and excessive day time sleepiness.  

Results: All the 16 patients showed good improvement in symptoms after the surgery. There was around 50% drop in the post-op AHI. The post-op ESS score was also reduced. Lowest oxygen saturation improved significantly.

Conclusions: Zetaplasty for circumferential airway collapse at velopharynx level is a very safe and effective option as determined by the results of our study which is substantiated by reduction in AHI, ESS score and reduction in snoring. 
Cranial nerve injuries in adult faciomaxillary trauma: prospective study in a tertiary referral centre
Authors: Murari Gowrishankar , Duraipandi Kannathal , Muthusamy Sankara Subramanian
Published: August 2019

Background: Cranial nerve injury is often an overlooked aspect of faciomaxillary trauma. Most of these injuries do require active intervention in the acute stage. Cranial nerve injuries require long-term management, repeated surgical procedures or reconstructive measures.

Methods: The study was conducted for one-year prospective study of clinical evaluation of 180 patients with faciomaxillary injuries from May 2017 to May 2018 at tertiary care hospital. There were 154 male patients (86.3%) and 26 (13.7%) female patients. The patients from the age of 18 onwards were included in the study group after obtaining consent. A number of parameters, including age, gender, injury of cranial nerve injuries, sensory and motor deficit in relation to soft tissue trauma and bone fracture were evaluated. The objective of the present study is to evaluate early management and document the frequency of cranial nerve injuries associated with maxillofacial trauma.

Results: In 180 cases of faciomaxillary trauma, 60 patients presented with cranial nerve injuries including olfactory, optic, trigeminal, facial, vestibulocochlear, abducens nerve either as an isolated or combined cranial nerve injuries. Out of which most common nerve to get injured was trigeminal followed by facial nerve observed in our study.

Conclusions: Cranial nerve injury in maxillofacial trauma is significant and it should be addressed at the time of treatment so that quality of life of patient is improved by getting back his sensory and motor functions of the injured nerves.
Study of clinical profile, pathological and functional changes in contralateral ear in patients of chronic suppurative otitis media
Authors: Nigam Ritu , Bairwa Rajesh Kumar , Goel Ayesha
Published: August 2019

Background: Since unilateral chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) does not look to be an isolated entity, but rather a series of constitutional events that affect both ears. The aim of the present study is to study the clinical profile, pathological and functional changes in contralateral ear in patients of CSOM.

Methods: Three thundred CSOM patients were studied in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. Patients were examined with otoscope after complete history and sociodemographic taking.  

Results: CSOM was more prevalent among females (54%) of young age group (41.6%) and with lower socioeconomic status (46%). Right ear was mostly affected (52.66%). Majority had discharge with hearing impairment (49.3%), 32.3% had ear discharge and 13.6% had hearing impairment and majority had pars tensa perforation (82.66%). In mucosal type CSOM, in CLE majority had abnormal tympanic membrane TM, of them majority had thinning (17.33%) and out of 65 patients with pars tensa retraction, majority had Grade I (22.17%). In squamosal type of CSOM, in CLE, 75% had abnormal TM, out of that 34.61% had pars tensa retraction and of that 23.07% had Grade I.

Conclusions: Abnormal contralateral ear was more prevalent. Mucous type of CSOM has a chance forming various grades of tympanic membrane retraction, tympano sclerosis, thin healed membrane in the contralateral ear whereas squamous type of CSOM has a greater chance of contralateral ear involvement like, retraction granulation.
A study to evaluate the relationship between serum vitamin d level and chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Sahni Dimple , Bagri Deepika , Bhagat Sanjeev , Sharma Dinesh , Singh Jasvir
Published: August 2019

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) places a relatively large socioeconomic burden on developed nations, yet remains a difficult disease to treat. Vitamin D3 (VD3) deficiency is reported to be associated with increased incidence of allergic airway diseases. The ability of VD3 to augment innate and adaptive immune responses has sparked interest in its immunologic role in allergy. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the relationship between serum vitamin D level and chronic rhinosinusitis.

Methods: Total 90 patients were included in the study and divided into three groups i.e., 30 patients of chronicrhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP), 30 patients of chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyposis (CRSsNP) and 30 healthy subjects were used as control. The severity of CRSwNP was assessed with the Lund-Mackay (LM) score and polyp grading system. VD3 status was assessed by measuring circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) by using ELISA.  

Results: Serum 25OHD levels (ng/ml±SD) were significantly lower in patients with CRSwNP (16.16±8.86) than in those with CRSsNP (23.28±5.35; p=0.001) and control 44.37±19.87. The incidence of vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/ml) in CRSwNP and CRSsNP patients were 60% and 20%; however, the incidence of vitamin D insufficiency (20-30 ng/ml) in these patients were 37% and 70%, respectively. A significantly inverse relationship was found between serum 25OHD level and polyp grade (p=0.048), indicating lower serum 25OHD was associated with higher polyp grade. Serum 25OHD was inversely related to both LM endoscopic and LM CT scan score, which is found to be significant (p=0.001).

Conclusions: The available evidence indicates that there is a significant relationship between low VD3 levels and CRSwNP phenotype. Lower 25VD3 levels were associated with more severe mucosal inflammation on nasal endocscoy and CT scan.
Nasal supratip pilonidal sinus: a rare manifestation
Authors: Zulkifli Firamir Bin , Zahedi Farah Dayana Bintin , Nordin Ahmad Bin , Jeing Yong Doh
Published: August 2019

Pilonidal sinus is widely associated with disease involving the gluteal cleft. Derived from the Latin word (Pilus=hair; nidus=nest), it was first described by Herbert Mayo in 1833. The pathognomonic finding of the pilonidal sinus is the presence of loose hairs in the sinus tract or cavity. We report a case of a fit middle age policeman who developed an unusual chronic discharging sinus over the tip of the nose. A computed tomography (CT) sinogram showed a localized blind subcutaneous tract over the nose. The course of management is discussed with reference to other reported works of literature. The patient was diagnosed to have a subcutaneous sinus over the tip of the nose with the aid of CT sinogram. Surgery was performed to excised the sinus tract through external rhinoplasty approached. Histopathological examination confirmed a sinus tract lined by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium with a tuft of hair. Patient was follow up for another year with no evidence of recurrence.
Recurrent collaural fistula: a challenge
Authors: Pol Shashikant Anil , Singhal Surinder K. , Gupta Nitin , Sivanandan Shalima Pulpra
Published: August 2019

Collaural fistula or cervico-aural fistula is a rare anomaly accounting for less than 8% of first branchial cleft anomaly. Aberrant development of first branchial cleft may lead to formation of a cervical cyst or sinus in the region of ear. We reported a case of a 4 year old girl who presented with recurrent swelling in right infra-auricular region from 6 months of age. She had undergone incision and drainage of the swelling three times at various peripheral hospitals over past 3.5 years. On examination two sinuses were noticed surrounding lobule of right pinna of which one was present posterior to the lobule and second was present just above lobule at lateral most part of conchal cartilage. Diagnosis of recurrent infected collaural fistula requires detailed clinical examination for presence of multiple sinuses surrounding the lobule and external auditory canal. In case of non visibility of sinus in external auditory canal, microscopic examination should be done. CT sonogram and MRI are useful diagnostic tools for recurrent infected fistulas. Surgical excision of whole tract is the definitive treatment but superficial parotidectomy along with it can reduce chances of recurrence significantly. If more than 30% of the circumference of external auditory canal is involved then split skin grafting is required for the coverage. Diagnosis of collaural fistula should be kept in mind whenever there is recurrent postaural or infra-aural swelling mainly in paediatric patients. Superficial parotidectomy along with complete excision reduces the recurrence rate. Facial nerve palsy can be a devastating complication of surgery.
Sequestered plunging ranula: a case report and literature review
Authors: Ramji Ashwath Narayan
Published: August 2019

Ranula are swellings arising from the sublingual or submandibular salivary glands either due to mucus extravasation or the formation of mucus retention cysts. They are located on the floor of the mouth, generally have an insidious course and remain asymptomatic unless they grow very large or develop secondary complications. Occasionally, by dividing through cervical facial planes, they present as swellings in the neck, aptly called plunging ranulas. Plunging ranulas, therefore, have an intra-oral component and an extra-oral component; however rarely, the intra-oral component resolves leaving behind an isolated swelling in the neck, making the diagnosis a clinical challenge.
Schwannoma neck: a diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Manohar Babu , Abdurahiman Raees
Published: August 2019

Schwannomas are less common benign slow growing tumors originating from Schwann cells. In the head and neck region, schwannomas arise most commonly from the vagus nerve or the sympathetic chain. We present this case as the location of schwannoma is extremely rare and due to the diagnostic difficulties it posed. A 48 year old male presented with right neck swelling and breathing difficulty to our OPD. Patient underwent ultrasonogram of neck, MRI neck and Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the lesion. Each of the investigations suggested different pathology which made the diagnosis challenging. During surgery, the lesion was found to arise from right recurrent laryngeal nerve. After excision of the lesion, the patient developed hoarse voice and the pathological examination revealed schwannoma. Schwannomas that originate from Schwann cells can affect any part of the body. MRI, CT, USG and FNAC have been suggested in the literature for diagnosing the lesion. Trucut biopsy should be considered in situations where FNAC becomes inconclusive. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice. Histologically, five variants of schwannomas have been described in the literature namely common, plexiform, cellular, epithelioid and ancient schwannoma. To conclude, schwannoma arising from RLN which masqueraded as a thyroid swelling is a rare entity. The diagnostic modalities suggested in the literature were unable to pin point the diagnosis. Once, FNAC shows an inadequate specimen, a trucut biopsy should be considered as the next investigation modality.
Branding personal como eje dinamizador de la imagen política para los candidatos a cargos de elección popular en Venezuela
Authors: Buitrago Acuña Ramiro Aurelio , León Monque Luís Manuel
Published: August 2019

Actualmente numerosos actores políticos, han exhibido su interés por alcanzar el poder en el ejercicio de cargos públicos, con prerrogativas de alto alcance. Por ello, se han decantado en proponer y promover el desarrollo de estrategias, programas, planes, políticas de estado, intentando atender las necesidades, aspiraciones del electorado para así lograr maximizar la confianza en su postulación. El presente artículo tuvo como propósito, comprender de qué forma el branding personal dinamiza la imagen política para los candidatos a cargos de elección popular en Venezuela. Se utilizó una metodología descriptiva y documental, cuya técnica investigativa fuera la observación indirecta de los archivos, documentos públicos y privados indubitados. En su desarrollo se realizó la exploración de la literatura especializada, propuesta por autores como Orejuela (2009), Ramírez (2013), Navarro (2015), Del Rio, Cardona & Simancas (2017), entre otros. El mismo, está orientado en destacar algunas teorías sobre el branding personal y la imagen política, su influencia sobre procesos con lugar en escenarios de contienda electoral, concluyéndose entonces, que cuando los actores políticos orquestan diversas estrategias con origen en el mercadeo moderno, pudieran optimizar la plasticidad y proyección de su imagen como símbolo del auténtico liderazgo político.
Enunciados de identidade envolvendo nomes próprios
Authors: Prado Germano Nogueira
Published: August 2019

O presente trabalho pretende discutir a solução de Kripke para o chamado “problema de Frege”, no que concerne a nomes próprios genuínos. Procuraremos mostrar que tal solução não consiste (ou não consiste expressamente) em dizer que espécie de informação nos é dada pelos enunciados de identidade envolvendo nomes de indivíduos – estratégia esta usada por Frege e Searle –, mas sim em estabelecer o caráter a posteriori e ao mesmo tempo necessário de tais enunciados. Tentaremos mostrar ainda que isso não implica que a teoria de Kripke sobre nomes próprios não possa dizer que tipo de informação nos é dada por tais enunciados e que, se ela pretende fazê-lo, talvez ela tenha que conceder que nomes próprios estão ligados a descrições definidas em um nível epistêmico ou, ao menos, em um nível epistêmico-científico – o que, a rigor, em nada afeta a principal tese semântico-metafísica de Kripke a esse respeito: a tese de que nomes próprios são designadores rígidos.
Genealogia do historicismo e a hermenêutica de Leo Strauss
Authors: Prado Hugo Araújo
Published: August 2019

Esse artigo se propõe a examinar o sentido da história da filosofia política na teoria de Leo Strauss. Pretendo sugerir que, apesar da sua crítica ao historicismo, Strauss apresenta uma teoria da interpretação dos textos filosóficos consistente.
New data on depositional environment of Jurua Formation terminal sediments, Solimoes Basin, Brazil
Authors: Lebedev Miсhael , Khramtsova Alena , Vilesov Alexander , Souza Marcos Paulo G. , Netto Аloysio
Published: August 2019

It has been for the first time established on the core taken from two wells that JR10 reservoir sediments (Upper Jurua, Formation Carboniferous) were deposited in the conditions of deltaic and alluvial coast with semiarid climate and in marine-terrigenous settings. JR10 reservoir differs in its lithological composition and structural architecture from the underlying layers of the Jurua formation and the overlying Carauari formation by the absence of carbonate and sulphate rocks and significant content of carbonaceous terrestrial plant fossils. The change of thickness from the south-east to north-west direction is associated with progradational nature of the deltaic coast evolving to the same direction.
Bentonite clays of Russia and neighboring countries
Authors: Belousov Peter E. , Krupskaya Victoria V.
Published: August 2019

Bentonite clay is an important natural material, widely used in many industries. The purpose of this article is to analyze the mineral resource base of bentonite clays in Russia. The data on reserves of deposits, the degree of their development and production volumes are given. The composition and uses of the main developed deposits of bentonite clay in Russia are characterized. A comparative analysis of the reserves and production growth of bentonite over the past decade is carried out. A brief description of the world situation is given, and the mineral resource base of the CIS countries is considered. Since the quality of raw materials, its properties and reserves directly depend on the conditions of origin, a characteristic of the geological and tectonic position and genesis of the bentonite clay deposits of Russia is given. Bentonite-bearing provinces with favorable conditions for the formation of bentonite deposits with volcanogenic-sedimentary genesis are considered. The most promising regions are proposed for the purposes of expanding the mineral resource base of bentonite materials. This work is the result of the authors’ own geological works at various deposits of bentonite clays in Russia, the near and far abroad, as well as the study and interpretation of published materials on this subject over the past decades.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA AGAMA DAN ILMU DALAM PANDANGAN AL FARABI
Authors: Zain Tsuraya Syarif
Published: August 2019

Are religion and science in contradictory? This question is not easy to answer. In many ways, religion through the teachings of its Holy Scripture is different from the discovery of the sciences, for example the concept of creation is different from Darwin's theory of evolution. Starting from this problem the authors encourages to examine more deeply the relationship between science and religion related to the question of religious position for science and science for religion according to Al Farabi philosophical perspective. According to Al Farabi between Revelation as a source of religion and science are interwoved. So it can be concluded that in Islam there is integration between science and religion. Revelation comes from God, as well as other knowledge derived from the Absolute. Absolute knowledge is able to become a science because it benefits for human life and bring happiness for mankind. Such knowledge should then be deductible to be the principles of law with a strong principle of wisdom and prudence to make it a science
NILAI KETUHANAN SEBAGAI LANDASAN PERBAIKAN KEHIDUPAN BERBANGSA DAN BERNEGARA
Authors: Muhammaddin Muhammaddin
Published: August 2019

One of the most fundamental identities of a religion is the divine doctrine or doctrine that recognizes the existence of God. It can even be said is not a religion if there is no main characteristic that is the recognition and confidence of God. Reason alone will honestly acknowledge the power that governs nature and includes human life and reason will refuse if any opinion that says the existence of regularity that occurs in this nature occurs by itself. Because in reality there are natural events that occur is believed not to happen by chance but to the belief may God reprove, angry or indeed happened akiabat causal law from human activities that treat nature unnaturally, to the recognition of God who controls nature and life this. One would think anything of his religion about the process of the creation of man by the meeting of a man and a woman's ovum could be born a man whose system is amazing and an impossible thing to happen by itself if no one created (God) and certainly strengthened from the source of religion especially Islam for example very detailed human procession was created by Allah swt. with its very complete stages described in the holy book of the Qur'an and explained by the Messenger of Allah. as his apostle. All religions teach goodness, both individually, society, life of nation and state. These virtues are called morality and this doctrine is very urgent because goodness based on divine values ​​will be a moral fors ie there is no back door to escape responsibility, if he does immoral or immoral, including wrongdoing, he remains contrary to religious values ​​as well as with state law based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. The divine values ​​teach that people are still guilty of punishment and with sinful sanctions even though their crimes are escaped and escape from the bondage of law convicted by the court for being not discovered by law enforcement apparatus