bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Benthic Nutrient Fluxes in Supporting Primary Production in the Laptev and East Siberian Shelf Seas
Authors: Sun Xiaole , Humborg Christoph , Mörth Carl‐Magnus , Brüchert Volker
Published: June 2021

This study presents an assessment of benthic nutrient regeneration and its role for the nutrient budget of the outer Laptev and East Siberian shelf sea. Porewater profiles of the major nutrients dissolved silica (DSi), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), and dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) as well as total dissolved iron (DFe) were evaluated with a one‐dimensional reaction transport model to derive net reaction rates and benthic nutrient fluxes from shelf and slope 16 stations. Integrated over the shelf area the benthic fluxes of DSi, DIN, and DIP were found to be 7.1, 1.2, and 0.5 Gmol/year in the Laptev Sea and 29.8, 9.5, and 2.8 Gmol/year in East Siberian Sea, respectively. A comparison of the ratios of the benthic nutrient fluxes with marine and riverine inputs and Arctic plankton stoichiometry indicate substantial benthic nitrogen loss likely due to denitrification relative to DIP and DSi. Our benthic flux estimation is likely a low estimate of benthic nutrient fluxes considering potentially higher regeneration rates of nutrients from more productive, bioturbated near‐shore sediments. The estimate emphasizes the role of benthic nutrient fluxes by returning nutrients with a fundamentally different stoichiometry to bottom waters from that of Arctic marine phytoplankton, riverine sources, and open water inflow. With a simple box model, we provide a snapshot of today's nutrient budget in the two seas and estimate that about 10%–20% of nutrients required by primary production are derived from sediments. This proportion is expected to increase for a future warmer Arctic continental shelf in response to increasing primary production.
Dimethyl Sulfide‐Induced Increase in Cloud Condensation Nuclei in the Arctic Atmosphere
Authors: Park Ki‐Tae , Yoon Young Jun , Lee Kitack , Tunved Peter , Krejci Radovan , Ström Johan , Jang Eunho , Kang Hyo Jin , Jang Sehyun , Park Jiyeon , Lee Bang Yong , Traversi Rita , Becagli Silvia , Hermansen Ove
Published: June 2021

Oceanic dimethyl sulfide (DMS) emissions have been recognized as a biological regulator of climate by contributing to cloud formation. Despite decades of research, the climatic role of DMS remains ambiguous largely because of limited observational evidence for DMS‐induced cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) enhancement. Here, we report concurrent measurement of DMS, physiochemical properties of aerosol particles, and CCN in the Arctic atmosphere during the phytoplankton bloom period of 2010. We encountered multiple episodes of new particle formation (NPF) and particle growth when DMS mixing ratios were both low and high. The growth of particles to sizes at which they can act as CCN accelerated in response to an increase in atmospheric DMS. Explicitly, the sequential increase in all relevant parameters (including the source rate of condensable vapor, the growth rate of particles, Aitken mode particles, hygroscopicity, and CCN) was pronounced at the DMS‐derived NPF and particle growth events. This field study unequivocally demonstrates the previously unconfirmed roles of DMS in the growth of particles into climate‐relevant size and eventual CCN activation.
A Time‐Resolved Paleomagnetic Record of Main Group Pallasites: Evidence for a Large‐Cored, Thin‐Mantled Parent Body
Authors: Nichols Claire I. O. , Bryson James F. J. , Cottrell Rory D. , Fu Roger R. , Harrison Richard J. , Herrero‐Albillos Julia , Kronast Florian , Tarduno John A. , Weiss Benjamin P.
Published: June 2021

Several paleomagnetic studies have been conducted on five Main Group pallasites: Brenham, Marjalahti, Springwater, Imilac, and Esquel. These pallasites have distinct cooling histories, meaning that their paleomagnetic records may have been acquired at different times during the thermal evolution of their parent body. Here, we compile new and existing data to present the most complete time‐resolved paleomagnetic record for a planetesimal, which includes a period of quiescence prior to core solidification as well as dynamo activity generated by compositional convection during core solidification. We present new paleomagnetic data for the Springwater pallasite, which constrains the timing of core solidification. Our results suggest that in order to generate the observed strong paleointensities (∼65–95 μT), the pallasites must have been relatively close to the dynamo source. Our thermal and dynamo models predict that the Main Group pallasites originate from a planetesimal with a large core (>200 km) and a thin mantle (<70 km).
Prostate cancer and the human papilloma virus: causative association, role of vaccines, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Morka Naomi , Norris Joseph M. , Emberton Mark , Kelly Daniel
Published: June 2021

Prostate cancer affects a significant proportion of men worldwide. Evidence from genetic and clinical studies suggests that there may be a causal association between prostate cancer and the human papilloma virus (HPV). As HPV is a vaccine-preventable pathogen, the possibility of a role in prostate cancer causation may reinforce the importance of effective HPV vaccination campaigns. This is of particular relevance in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, which may have considerable effects on HPV vaccine uptake and distribution.
M2 macrophages, but not M1 macrophages, support megakaryopoiesis by upregulating PI3K-AKT pathway activity
Authors: Zhao Hong-Yan , Zhang Yuan-Yuan , Xing Tong , Tang Shu-Qian , Wen Qi , Lyu Zhong-Shi , Lv Meng , Wang Yu , Xu Lan-Ping , Zhang Xiao-Hui , Kong Yuan , Huang Xiao-Jun
Published: June 2021

Dysfunctional megakaryopoiesis hampers platelet production, which is closely associated with thrombocytopenia (PT). Macrophages (MФs) are crucial cellular components in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. However, the specific effects of M1 MФs or M2 MФs on regulating megakaryocytes (MKs) are largely unknown. In the current study, aberrant BM-M1/M2 MФ polarization, characterized by increased M1 MФs and decreased M2 MФs and accompanied by impaired megakaryopoiesis-supporting abilities, was found in patients with PT post-allotransplant. RNA-seq and western blot analysis showed that the PI3K-AKT pathway was downregulated in the BM MФs of PT patients. Moreover, in vitro treatment with PI3K-AKT activators restored the impaired megakaryopoiesis-supporting ability of MФs from PT patients. Furthermore, we found M1 MФs suppress, whereas M2 MФs support MK maturation and platelet formation in humans. Chemical inhibition of PI3K-AKT pathway reduced megakaryopoiesis-supporting ability of M2 MФs, as indicated by decreased MK count, colony-forming unit number, high-ploidy distribution, and platelet count. Importantly, genetic knockdown of the PI3K-AKT pathway impaired the megakaryopoiesis-supporting ability of MФs both in vitro and in a MФ-specific PI3K-knockdown murine model, indicating a critical role of PI3K-AKT pathway in regulating the megakaryopoiesis-supporting ability of M2 MФs. Furthermore, our preliminary data indicated that TGF-β released by M2 MФs may facilitate megakaryopoiesis through upregulation of the JAK2/STAT5 and MAPK/ERK pathways in MKs. Taken together, our data reveal that M1 and M2 MФs have opposing effects on MKs in a PI3K-AKT pathway-dependent manner, which may lead to new insights into the pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia and provide a potential therapeutic strategy to promote megakaryopoiesis.
Evidence for increased thermogenesis in female C57BL/6J mice housed aboard the international space station
Authors: Wong Carmen P. , Iwaniec Urszula T. , Turner Russell T.
Published: June 2021

Sixteen-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were sacrificed aboard the International Space Station after 37 days of flight (RR-1 mission) and frozen carcasses returned to Earth. RNA was isolated from interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) and gonadal white adipose tissue (WAT). Spaceflight resulted in differential expression of genes in BAT consistent with increased non-shivering thermogenesis and differential expression of genes in WAT consistent with increased glucose uptake and metabolism, adipogenesis, and β-oxidation.
Nobel Turing Challenge: creating the engine for scientific discovery
Authors: Kitano Hiroaki
Published: June 2021

Scientific discovery has long been one of the central driving forces in our civilization. It uncovered the principles of the world we live in, and enabled us to invent new technologies reshaping our society, cure diseases, explore unknown new frontiers, and hopefully lead us to build a sustainable society. Accelerating the speed of scientific discovery is therefore one of the most important endeavors. This requires an in-depth understanding of not only the subject areas but also the nature of scientific discoveries themselves. In other words, the “science of science” needs to be established, and has to be implemented using artificial intelligence (AI) systems to be practically executable. At the same time, what may be implemented by “AI Scientists” may not resemble the scientific process conducted by human scientist. It may be an alternative form of science that will break the limitation of current scientific practice largely hampered by human cognitive limitation and sociological constraints. It could give rise to a human-AI hybrid form of science that shall bring systems biology and other sciences into the next stage. The Nobel Turing Challenge aims to develop a highly autonomous AI system that can perform top-level science, indistinguishable from the quality of that performed by the best human scientists, where some of the discoveries may be worthy of Nobel Prize level recognition and beyond.
Messenger RNA expressing PfCSP induces functional, protective immune responses against malaria in mice
Authors: Mallory Katherine L. , Taylor Justin A. , Zou Xiaoyan , Waghela Ishita N. , Schneider Cosette G. , Sibilo Michael Q. , Punde Neeraja M. , Perazzo Leah C. , Savransky Tatyana , Sedegah Martha , Dutta Sheetij , Janse Chris J. , Pardi Norbert , Lin Paulo J. C. , Tam Ying K. , Weissman Drew , Angov Evelina
Published: June 2021

Human malaria affects the vast majority of the world’s population with the Plasmodium falciparum species causing the highest rates of morbidity and mortality. With no licensed vaccine and leading candidates achieving suboptimal protection in the field, the need for an effective immunoprophylactic option continues to motivate the malaria research community to explore alternative technologies. Recent advances in the mRNA discipline have elevated the long-neglected platform to the forefront of infectious disease research. As the immunodominant coat protein of the invasive stage of the malaria parasite, circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP) was selected as the antigen of choice to assess the immunogenic and protective potential of an mRNA malaria vaccine. In mammalian cell transfection experiments, PfCSP mRNA was well expressed and cell associated. In the transition to an in vivo murine model, lipid nanoparticle (LNP) encapsulation was applied to protect and deliver the mRNA to the cell translation machinery and supply adjuvant activity. The immunogenic effect of an array of factors was explored, such as formulation, dose, number, and interval of immunizations. PfCSP mRNA-LNP achieved sterile protection against infection with two P. berghei PfCSP transgenic parasite strains, with mRNA dose and vaccination interval having a greater effect on outcome. This investigation serves as the assessment of pre-erythrocytic malaria, PfCSP mRNA vaccine candidate resulting in sterile protection, with numerous factors affecting protective efficacy, making it a compelling candidate for further investigation.
Diagnosis and management of migraine in ten steps
Authors: Eigenbrodt Anna K. , Ashina Håkan , Khan Sabrina , Diener Hans-Christoph , Mitsikostas Dimos D. , Sinclair Alexandra J. , Pozo-Rosich Patricia , Martelletti Paolo , Ducros Anne , Lantéri-Minet Michel , Braschinsky Mark , del Rio Margarita Sanchez , Daniel Oved , Özge Aynur , Mammadbayli Ayten , Arons Mihails , Skorobogatykh Kirill , Romanenko Vladimir , Terwindt Gisela M. , Paemeleire Koen , Sacco Simona , Reuter Uwe , Lampl Christian , Schytz Henrik W. , Katsarava Zaza , Steiner Timothy J. , Ashina Messoud
Published: June 2021

Migraine is a disabling primary headache disorder that directly affects more than one billion people worldwide. Despite its widespread prevalence, migraine remains under-diagnosed and under-treated. To support clinical decision-making, we convened a European panel of experts to develop a ten-step approach to the diagnosis and management of migraine. Each step was established by expert consensus and supported by a review of current literature, and the Consensus Statement is endorsed by the European Headache Federation and the European Academy of Neurology. In this Consensus Statement, we introduce typical clinical features, diagnostic criteria and differential diagnoses of migraine. We then emphasize the value of patient centricity and patient education to ensure treatment adherence and satisfaction with care provision. Further, we outline best practices for acute and preventive treatment of migraine in various patient populations, including adults, children and adolescents, pregnant and breastfeeding women, and older people. In addition, we provide recommendations for evaluating treatment response and managing treatment failure. Lastly, we discuss the management of complications and comorbidities as well as the importance of planning long-term follow-up.
Scenario simulation of land use and land cover change in mining area
Authors: Chang Xiaoyan , Zhang Feng , Cong Kanglin , Liu Xiaojun
Published: June 2021

In this study, we selected 11 townships with severe ground subsidence located in Weishan County as the study area. Based on the interpretation data of Landsat images, the Binary logistic regression model was used to explore the relationship between land use and land cover (LULC) change and the related 7 driving factors at a resolution of 60 m. Using the CLUE-S model, combined with Markov model, the simulation of LULC under three scenarios—namely, natural development scenario, ecological protection scenario and farmland protection scenario—were explored. Firstly, using LULC map in 2005 as input data, we predicted the land use spatial distribution pattern in 2016. By comparing the actual LULC map in 2016 with the simulated map in 2016, the prediction accuracy was evaluated based on the Kappa index. Then, after validation, the spatial distribution pattern of LULC in 2025 under the three scenarios was simulated. The results showed the following: (1) The driving factors had satisfactory explanatory power for LULC changes. The Kappa index was 0.82, which indicated good simulation accuracy of the CLUE-S model. (2) Under the three scenarios, the area of other agricultural land and water body showed an increasing trend; while the area of farmland, urban and rural construction land, subsided land with water accumulation, and tidal wetland showed a decreasing trend, and the area of urban and rural construction land and tidal wetland decreased the fastest. (3) Under the ecological protection scenario, the farmland decreased faster than the other two scenarios, and most of the farmland was converted to ecological land such as garden land and water body. Under the farmland protection scenario, the area of tidal wetland decreased the fastest, followed by urban and rural construction land. We anticipate that our study results will provide useful information for decision-makers and planners to take appropriate land management measures in the mining area.
Glucocorticoid receptor signaling in ventral tegmental area neurons increases the rewarding value of a high-fat diet in mice
Authors: Mizoguchi Akira , Banno Ryoichi , Sun Runan , Yaginuma Hiroshi , Taki Keigo , Kobayashi Tomoko , Sugiyama Mariko , Tsunekawa Taku , Onoue Takeshi , Takagi Hiroshi , Hagiwara Daisuke , Ito Yoshihiro , Iwama Shintaro , Suga Hidetaka , Nagai Taku , Yamada Kiyofumi , Arima Hiroshi
Published: June 2021

The reward system, which consists of dopaminergic neurons projecting from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens and caudate-putamen in the striatum, has an important role in the pathogenesis of not only drug addiction but also diet-induced obesity. In the present study, we examined whether signaling through glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) in the reward system affects the rewarding value of a high-fat diet (HFD). To do so, we generated mice that lack functional GRs specifically in dopaminergic neurons (D-KO mice) or corticostriatal neurons (CS-KO mice), subjected the mice to caloric restriction stress conditions, and evaluated the rewarding value of a HFD by conditioned place preference (CPP) test. Caloric restriction induced increases in serum corticosterone to similar levels in all genotypes. While CS-KO as well as WT mice exhibited a significant preference for HFD in the CPP test, D-KO mice exhibited no such preference. There were no differences between WT and D-KO mice in consumption of HFD after fasting or cognitive function evaluated by a novel object recognition test. These data suggest that glucocorticoid signaling in the VTA increases the rewarding value of a HFD under restricted caloric stress.
Anxiety disturbs the blood plasma metabolome in acute coronary syndrome patients
Authors: Wei HongYan , Gu JunYuan , Jiang XueYao , Deng Nan , Wu Jing , Zou LianHong , Zhu YiMin , Tan BoYu
Published: June 2021

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the result of a complex metabolic disorder caused by various environmental and genetic factors, and often has anxiety as a comorbidity. Rupture of atherosclerotic plaque in CHD patients can lead to acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Anxiety is a known independent risk factor for the adverse cardiovascular events and mortality in ACS, but it remains unclear how stress-induced anxiety behavior impacts their blood plasma metabolome and contributes to worsening of CHD. The present study aimed to determine the effect of anxiety on the plasma metabolome in ACS patients. After receiving ethical approval 26 ACS patients comorbid anxiety were recruited and matched 26 ACS patients. Blood plasma samples were collected from the patients and stored at − 80 °C until metabolome profiling. Metabolome analysis was performed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC–MS), and the data were subjected to multivariate analysis. Disturbance of 39 plasma metabolites was noted in the ACS with comorbid anxiety group compared to the ACS group. These disturbed metabolites were mainly involved in tryptophan metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway, and pentose and glucuronate interconversions. The most significantly affected pathway was tryptophan metabolism including the down-regulation of tryptophan and serotonin. Glycerophospholipids metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, and pentose phosphate pathway were also greatly affected. These results suggest that anxiety can disturb three translation of material in ACS patients. Besides the above metabolism pathways pyrimidine metabolism was significantly disturbed. Based on the present findings the plasma metabolites monitoring can be recommended and may be conducive to early biomarkers detection for personalized treatment anxiety in CHD patients in future.
Kitchen elbow sign predicts surgical outcomes in adults with spinal deformity: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Murata Shizumasa , Hashizume Hiroshi , Nagata Keiji , Yukawa Yasutsugu , Minamide Akihito , Iwasaki Hiroshi , Tsutsui Shunji , Takami Masanari , Taiji Ryo , Kozaki Takuhei , Yamada Hiroshi
Published: June 2021

Kitchen elbow sign (KE-Sign) is a skin abnormality on the extensor side of the elbow and forearm that is often observed in patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD). The significance of KE-Sign in surgical cases was investigated. Overall, 114 patients with ASD treated with long spinal fusion were reviewed and divided into KE-Sign positive and negative groups. The preoperative and 1-year follow-up evaluations included radiographic parameters [C7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA), pelvic incidence (PI) and lumbar lordosis (LL)], the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), visual analogue scales (VASs) for low back pain, leg pain, and satisfaction, and Short Form 36 questionnaire (SF-36). Multi-regression analysis was performed to identify patient satisfaction predictors and improvement in the ODI as dependent variables and preoperative background factors as independent variables. Preoperative characteristics showed no significant difference between both groups. Improvement in the ODI and VAS for satisfaction were significantly superior in the KE-Sign positive group. In multiple regression analysis, KE-Sign and preoperative ODI were significantly associated with improvement in the ODI; age, KE-Sign, preoperative low back pain VAS, and leg pain VAS were significantly associated with satisfaction. KE-Sign can be a predictor of better surgical outcomes in ASD patients.
Protein phosphatase 1 regulates atypical mitotic and meiotic division in Plasmodium sexual stages
Authors: Zeeshan Mohammad , Pandey Rajan , Subudhi Amit Kumar , Ferguson David J. P. , Kaur Gursimran , Rashpa Ravish , Nugmanova Raushan , Brady Declan , Bottrill Andrew R. , Vaughan Sue , Brochet Mathieu , Bollen Mathieu , Pain Arnab , Holder Anthony A. , Guttery David S. , Tewari Rita
Published: June 2021

PP1 is a conserved eukaryotic serine/threonine phosphatase that regulates many aspects of mitosis and meiosis, often working in concert with other phosphatases, such as CDC14 and CDC25. The proliferative stages of the malaria parasite life cycle include sexual development within the mosquito vector, with male gamete formation characterized by an atypical rapid mitosis, consisting of three rounds of DNA synthesis, successive spindle formation with clustered kinetochores, and a meiotic stage during zygote to ookinete development following fertilization. It is unclear how PP1 is involved in these unusual processes. Using real-time live-cell and ultrastructural imaging, conditional gene knockdown, RNA-seq and proteomic approaches, we show that Plasmodium PP1 is implicated in both mitotic exit and, potentially, establishing cell polarity during zygote development in the mosquito midgut, suggesting that small molecule inhibitors of PP1 should be explored for blocking parasite transmission.
Loss of histone methyltransferase ASH1L in the developing mouse brain causes autistic-like behaviors
Authors: Gao Yuen , Duque-Wilckens Natalia , Aljazi Mohammad B. , Wu Yan , Moeser Adam J. , Mias George I. , Robison Alfred J. , He Jin
Published: June 2021

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disease associated with various gene mutations. Recent genetic and clinical studies report that mutations of the epigenetic gene ASH1L are highly associated with human ASD and intellectual disability (ID). However, the causality and underlying molecular mechanisms linking ASH1L mutations to genesis of ASD/ID remain undetermined. Here we show loss of ASH1L in the developing mouse brain is sufficient to cause multiple developmental defects, core autistic-like behaviors, and impaired cognitive memory. Gene expression analyses uncover critical roles of ASH1L in regulating gene expression during neural cell development. Thus, our study establishes an ASD/ID mouse model revealing the critical function of an epigenetic factor ASH1L in normal brain development, a causality between Ash1L mutations and ASD/ID-like behaviors in mice, and potential molecular mechanisms linking Ash1L mutations to brain functional abnormalities.
Predicting the probability of death using proteomics
Authors: Eiriksdottir Thjodbjorg , Ardal Steinthor , Jonsson Benedikt A. , Lund Sigrun H. , Ivarsdottir Erna V. , Norland Kristjan , Ferkingstad Egil , Stefansson Hreinn , Jonsdottir Ingileif , Holm Hilma , Rafnar Thorunn , Saemundsdottir Jona , Norddahl Gudmundur L. , Thorgeirsson Gudmundur , Gudbjartsson Daniel F. , Sulem Patrick , Thorsteinsdottir Unnur , Stefansson Kari , Ulfarsson Magnus O.
Published: June 2021

Predicting all-cause mortality risk is challenging and requires extensive medical data. Recently, large-scale proteomics datasets have proven useful for predicting health-related outcomes. Here, we use measurements of levels of 4,684 plasma proteins in 22,913 Icelanders to develop all-cause mortality predictors both for short- and long-term risk. The participants were 18-101 years old with a mean follow up of 13.7 (sd. 4.7) years. During the study period, 7,061 participants died. Our proposed predictor outperformed, in survival prediction, a predictor based on conventional mortality risk factors. We could identify the 5% at highest risk in a group of 60-80 years old, where 88% died within ten years and 5% at the lowest risk where only 1% died. Furthermore, the predicted risk of death correlates with measures of frailty in an independent dataset. Our results show that the plasma proteome can be used to assess general health and estimate the risk of death.
Lifetime stability of social traits in bottlenose dolphins
Authors: Evans Taylor , Krzyszczyk Ewa , Frère Céline , Mann Janet
Published: June 2021

Behavioral phenotypic traits or “animal personalities” drive critical evolutionary processes such as fitness, disease and information spread. Yet the stability of behavioral traits, essential by definition, has rarely been measured over developmentally significant periods of time, limiting our understanding of how behavioral stability interacts with ontogeny. Based on 32 years of social behavioral data for 179 wild bottlenose dolphins, we show that social traits (associate number, time alone and in large groups) are stable from infancy to late adulthood. Multivariate analysis revealed strong relationships between these stable metrics within individuals, suggesting a complex behavioral syndrome comparable to human extraversion. Maternal effects (particularly vertical social learning) and sex-specific reproductive strategies are likely proximate and ultimate drivers for these patterns. We provide rare empirical evidence to demonstrate the persistence of social behavioral traits over decades in a non-human animal.
Origin and control of ionic hydration patterns in nanopores
Authors: Barabash Miraslau L. , Gibby William A. T. , Guardiani Carlo , Smolyanitsky Alex , Luchinsky Dmitry G. , McClintock Peter V. E.
Published: June 2021

In order to permeate a nanopore, an ion must overcome a dehydration energy barrier caused by the redistribution of surrounding water molecules. The redistribution is inhomogeneous, anisotropic and strongly position-dependent, resulting in complex patterns that are routinely observed in molecular dynamics simulations. Here, we study the physical origin of these patterns and of how they can be predicted and controlled. We introduce an analytic model able to predict the patterns in a graphene nanopore in terms of experimentally accessible radial distribution functions, giving results that agree well with molecular dynamics simulations. The patterns are attributable to a complex interplay of ionic hydration shells with water layers adjacent to the graphene membrane and with the hydration cloud of the nanopore rim atoms, and we discuss ways of controlling them. Our findings pave the way to designing required transport properties into nanoionic devices by optimising the structure of the hydration patterns.
The moment of initial crystallization captured on functionalized nanoparticles
Authors: Machida Hironobu , Sugahara Takeshi , Hirasawa Izumi
Published: June 2021

Even if a liquid is cooled below its melting point, the liquid state can be maintained under certain conditions. This state is called supercooling. Spraying fine particles of dry ice or silver iodide induces a phase change from supercooled droplets to ice grains. However, the mechanism by which crystallization seeds diminish supercooling is not well understood. Here, we captured the moment when a cluster, which is the smallest structural unit of a crystal, envelops a silver nanoparticle. As a result of observing the structure of a supercooled aqueous solution of a clathrate hydrate, we found that silver nanoparticles accelerate the formation of clusters, whereas the noble metals palladium, gold and iridium likewise form nanoparticles but do not promote crystallization. Our discoveries elucidate the mechanism of heterogeneous nucleation during a phase change in clathrate hydrates. We anticipate our discovery to be the starting point for the control of supercooling, a technique that can be applied to enhance the production efficiency and quality of manufactured products.
Dynamic baselines for the detection of water quality impacts – the case of shale gas development
Authors: Worrall Fred , Davies Richard J. , Hart Alwyn
Published: June 2021

Shale gas, geothermal resources and CO2 storage require secure water storage at depth in the Earth. This study shows that the specific conductance of groundwater can be used to detect deep waters leaking from depth.
Injectable silanized hyaluronic acid hydrogel/biphasic calcium phosphate granule composites with improved handling and biodegradability promote bone regeneration in rabbits
Authors: Flegeau Killian , Gauthier Olivier , Rethore Gildas , Autrusseau Florent , Schaefer Aurélie , Lesoeur Julie , Veziers Joëlle , Brésin Anthony , Gautier Hélène , Weiss Pierre
Published: June 2021

In situ forming Si-HA/BCP are potent injectable bone substitutes to regenerate bone defects.
Effects of the initial flux ratio on CeSb2 crystal growth by a self-flux method
Authors: Zhang Shulong , Li Mingtao , Yang Yilun , Zhao Chengchun , He Mingzhu , Hang Yin , Fang Yifei
Published: June 2021

Self-flux growth of the single crystal CeSb2 was studied in detail, and the most suitable growth parameters of CeSb2 were obtained. The unusual magnetoresistance properties of CeSb2 were observed and discussed.
The fate of a hazardous herbicide: a DFT-basedab initiostudy on glyphosate degradation
Authors: Sadatsharifi Malek , Ingersoll Daniel W. , Purgel Mihály
Published: June 2021

Interaction of the well-known herbicide, glyphosate, with small radicals like hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals, such that the reaction between glyphosate radicals and oxygen molecules results in different species.
Enhanced degradation of norfloxacin by Ce-mediated Fe-MIL-101: catalytic mechanism, degradation pathways, and potential applications in wastewater treatment
Authors: Bao Chaosheng , Zhao Jian , Sun Yuanyuan , Zhao Xiaoliang , Zhang Xiaohui , Zhu Yukun , She Xilin , Yang Dongjiang , Xing Baoshan
Published: June 2021

The hetero-coordinated Fe–O–Ce moieties with asymmetrical electronic distribution in Fe/Ce-MIL-101 have a high adsorption capacity and strong activation capacity for H2O2, resulting in a high removal capacity for organic pollutants.
Microfluidic generation of ATPS droplets by transient double emulsion technique
Authors: Zhou Chunmei , Zhu Pingan , Han Xing , Shi Rui , Tian Ye , Wang Liqiu
Published: June 2021

The transient double emulsion technique can produce highly uniform ATPS droplets with tunable stability by introducing a middle oil phase. The middle oil phase promotes the generation of ATPS droplets and controls their generation frequency and size.
Carbazole–acenaphthene (donor–acceptor)-based luminophores for picric acid detection: a combined experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Kajjam Aravind Babu , Singh Kasturi , Tej R. V. Varun , Vaidyanathan Sivakumar
Published: June 2021

In the present investigation, carbazole–acenaphthene-based donor–acceptor luminophores were designed and synthesized. All the luminophores were used for picric acid detection.
Impact of fluorine substituted π-bridges on the photovoltaic performance of organic small-molecule donor materials
Authors: Fan Dongdong , Fan Chenling , Fan Hongyu , Bao Sunan , Zheng Yan , Yang Hang , Zhu Xianming , Cui Chaohua , Li Yongfang
Published: June 2021

Two analogue small molecules, BDTP-2F with a difluorobenzene π-bridge and BDTP-4F with a tetrafluorobenzene π-bridge, are designed to investigate the impact of a fluorine substituted π-bridge on photovoltaic performance.
3D Bacterial flagella as both synthetic biotemplates and ultrathin spacers for enhanced inter-particle coupling and solar energy harvesting
Authors: Wang Lin , Qiu Penghe , Yang Tao , Zhou Ningyun , Zhai Mengmeng , Li Yan , Zhou Yadong , Zou Shengli , Yang Mingying , Mao Chuanbin
Published: June 2021

Ultrathin bionanofibers, bacterial flagella, arrange gold nanoparticles into nanochains with very small inter-particle gaps. The nanochains enhance three-dimensional surface plasmon coupling and convert the full spectrum of solar energy into heat.
Dimensionality control of magnetic coupling at interfaces of cuprate–manganite superlattices
Authors: Zhou Guowei , Ji Huihui , Yan Zhi , Kang Penghua , Li Zhilan , Xu Xiaohong
Published: June 2021

Dimensionality dependent nonlinear magnetic exchange coupling effect in SrCuO2/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 superlattices.
Gold plasmonic enhanced luminescence of silica encapsulated semiconductor hetero-nanoplatelets
Authors: Garcia Emilio , Arnold Christophe , Hermier Jean-Pierre , D'Amico Michele
Published: June 2021

Optical properties of nanocrystals have the potential to drive the next generation of optoelectronic devices.
Photoacoustics for listening to metal nanoparticle super-aggregates
Authors: Li Voti Roberto , Leahu Grigore , Sibilia Concita , Matassa Roberto , Familiari Giuseppe , Cerra Sara , Salamone Tommaso Alberto , Fratoddi Ilaria
Published: June 2021

The detection of a photoacoustic signal allows listening to both absorption and scattering phenomena generated by three-dimensional self-assembled super-aggregates. Quantitative size and filling factor morpho-parameters was extrapolated by absorption and scattering spectra.
Emerging computational approaches for the study of regio- and stereoselectivity in organic synthesis
Authors: Nakliang Pratanphorn , Yoon Sanghee , Choi Sun
Published: June 2021

Computational chemistry has become important in organic synthesis as it provides a detailed understanding of molecular structures and properties and detailed reaction mechanisms.
Ligand and adjuvant dual-assisted synthesis of highly luminescent and stable Cs4PbBr6 nanoparticles used in LEDs
Authors: Shi Zikuan , Yang Yu , Sun Xin-Yuan , Lang Feng , Xiang Yu , Lin Liangwu
Published: June 2021

We developed a new room temperature colloidal method for the synthesis of highly luminescent and stable Cs4PbBr6 nanoparticles, in which acetone, oleamine and oleic acid were used as precursors, while water and dimethyl sulfoxide were used as adjuvants.
Facile preparation of ZnxCd1−xS/ZnS heterostructures with enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under visible light
Authors: Dong Jing , Fang Wenjian , Xia Weiwei , Lu Qihong , Zeng Xianghua
Published: June 2021

Schematic illustration for electron charge transfer and H2 evolution mechanism for the Zn0.2Cd0.8S/ZnS nanocomposites.
Student perspectives on chemistry intelligence and their implications for measuring chemistry-specific mindset
Authors: Santos Deborah L. , Gallo Harrison , Barbera Jack , Mooring Suazette R.
Published: June 2021

Students’ beliefs about their ability to improve their intelligence (known as mindset) likely have more impact on their academic outcomes when engaging in challenging learning environments, such as introductory undergraduate chemistry courses. To date, little research has been conducted on the chemistry-specific aspects of intelligence which result in domain-specific mindset beliefs. Additionally, the existing mindset instrument, and its variations, have not been demonstrated as valid for a higher-education chemistry student population. In this work, we evaluate mindset trait terminology (“intelligence,” “chemistry intelligence,” and “chemistry ability”) interpretations across a large, diverse sample to identify key cognitive aspects students consider important within chemistry-specific contexts and qualitatively distinguish perspectives of students who describe growth mindset beliefs from those holding fixed mindset beliefs. It was determined that all three mindset trait terms yield broad ranges of interpretations, and that those specific to chemistry elicit meanings more relevant to the chemistry classroom context. Three distinct mindset perspectives were identified qualitatively within the sample based on students’ interpretation of the nature and origins of “chemistry intelligence”. These groups had significantly different mean values for the mindset construct as measured by the existing mindset instrument, however, the groups heavily overlapped in response patterns. These findings support the need to develop a chemistry-specific instrument that can produce valid data for this population as the different mindset perspectives were not distinguishable by the current quantitative measures.
Pore control of Al-based MIL-53 isomorphs for the preferential capture of ethane in an ethane/ethylene mixture
Authors: Cho Kyung Ho , Yoon Ji Woong , Lee Jeong Hyeon , Kim Jin Chul , Kim Kiwoong , Lee U-Hwang , Choi Minkee , Kwak Sang Kyu , Chang Jong-San
Published: June 2021

Energy-efficient separation of ethane (C2H6)/ethylene (C2H4) was achieved via preferential adsorption of ethane with the rationally designed MIL-53 isomorph.
Platinum-free photoelectrochromic devices working with copper-based electrolytes for ultrastable smart windows
Authors: Lavagna Luca , Syrrokostas George , Fagiolari Lucia , Amici Julia , Francia Carlotta , Bodoardo Silvia , Leftheriotis George , Bella Federico
Published: June 2021

Designing smart windows with carbon and copper replacing platinum and iodine: stability, efficiency and sustainability at the same time.
A general route for the mass production of graphene-enhanced carbon composites toward practical pouch lithium-ion capacitors
Authors: An Yabin , Liu Tengyu , Li Chen , Zhang Xiong , Hu Tao , Sun Xianzhong , Wang Kai , Wang Chengduo , Ma Yanwei
Published: June 2021

An efficient and straightforward strategy for constructing graphene-enhanced carbon composites which achieve superior performance in LICs is devised, indicating a general route for mass production of high-performance graphene composites.
Design of a unique anion framework in halospinels for outstanding performance of all solid-state Li-ion batteries: first-principles approach
Authors: Chun Hoje , Nam Kyungju , Hong Sung Jun , Kang Joonhee , Han Byungchan
Published: June 2021

A unique anion frameowrk for halide solid electrolyte is investigated to promote fast ionic diffusion and to secure the electrochemical stability.
Blood-clotting model and simulation analysis of polyvinyl alcohol–chitosan composite hemostatic materials
Authors: Zhao Yifan , Hao Junhong , Chen Zexin , Li Mengmeng , Ren Jianxun , Fu Xiaobing
Published: June 2021

The blood-clotting performance and characteristics of hemostatic materials are critical for their development and actual application.
Fabrication of nanoparticles for bone regeneration: new insight into applications of nanoemulsion technology
Authors: Kupikowska-Stobba Barbara , Kasprzak Mirosław
Published: June 2021

This review discusses nanoemulsion technology as a tool for fabrication of nanoparticles for bone regeneration applications including hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, polymer nanoparticles for drug/biomolecule delivery and bone-targeting nanoparticles.
Smart near infrared-responsive nanocomposite hydrogels for therapeutics and diagnostics
Authors: Shen Ke-Han , Lu Cheng-Hsun , Kuo Chih-Yu , Li Bo-Yan , Yeh Yi-Cheun
Published: June 2021

This review article highlights recent research progress on the NIR-responsive nanocomposite hydrogels, focusing on their preparation, properties, applications and future prospectus.
Heterostructures of titanium-based MXenes in energy conversion and storage devices
Authors: Abbasi Nasir Mahmood , Xiao Yao , Zhang Li , Peng Ling , Duo Yanhong , Wang Lude , Yin Peng , Ge Yanqi , Zhu Haiyong , Zhang Bing , Xie Ni , Duan Yanmin , Wang Bing , Zhang Han
Published: June 2021

Due to the increasing market demand for Mxene-based devices, van der Waals heterostructures based on 2D materials have increased rapidly worldwide during the last decade due to their wide range of demand in the fields of optoelectronics, catalysis, and energy storage devices.
Substituents lead to differences in the formation of a series of dysprosium hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks with high stability and acid stimulus–response luminescence properties
Authors: Peng Jin-Mei , Wang Hai-Ling , Zhu Zhong-Hong , Liu Zi-Yuan , Zou Hua-Hong , Liang Fu-Pei
Published: June 2021

A series of dysprosium Dy–HOFs with high resistance to strong acids and strong alkalis have been constructed. The above Dy–HOFs show the “turn on” behavior of solid-state fluorescence under acid stimulation.
Efficient wide-bandgap copolymer donors with reduced synthesis cost
Authors: Xu Jingui , Sun Anxin , Xiao Zuo , Wang Ergang , Zhang Bin , Hua Yong , Ding Liming
Published: June 2021

Two wide-bandgap copolymer donors with reduced synthesis cost offered decent PCEs up to 15.25% in organic solar cells.
Accretion bursts in high-mass protostars: A new test bed for models of episodic accretion
Authors: Elbakyan Vardan G. , Nayakshin Sergei , Vorobyov Eduard I. , Caratti o Garatti Alessio , Eislöffel Jochen
Published: June 2021

Aims. It is well known that low-mass young stellar objects (LMYSOs) gain a significant portion of their final mass through episodes of very rapid accretion, with mass accretion rates up to Ṁ∗ ∼ 10−4 M⊙ yr−1. Recent observations of high-mass young stellar objects (HMYSOs) with masses M∗ ≳ 10 M⊙ uncovered outbursts with accretion rates exceeding Ṁ∗ ∼ 10−3 M⊙ yr−1. Here, we examine which scenarios proposed in the literature so far to explain accretion bursts of LMYSOs can also apply to the episodic accretion in HMYSOs.

Methods. We utilise 1D time-dependent models of protoplanetary discs around HMYSOs to study burst properties.

Results. We find that discs around HMYSOs are much hotter than those around their low-mass cousins. As a result, a much more extended region of the disc is prone to the thermal hydrogen ionisation and magnetorotational activation instabilities. The former, in particular, is found to be ubiquitous in a very wide range of accretion rates and disc viscosity parameters. The outbursts triggered by these instabilities, however, always have too low of an Ṁ∗ and are one to several orders of magnitude too long compared to those observed from HMYSOs to date. On the other hand, bursts generated by tidal disruptions of gaseous giant planets formed by the gravitational instability of the protoplanetary discs yield properties commensurate with observations, provided that the clumps are in the post-collapse configuration with planet radius Rp ≳ 10 Jupiter radii. Furthermore, if observed bursts are caused by disc ionisation instabilities, then they should be periodic phenomena with the duration of the quiescent phase comparable to that of the bursts. This may yield potentially observable burst periodicity signatures in the jets, the outer disc, or the surrounding diffuse material of massive HMYSOs. Bursts produced by disruptions of planets or more massive objects are not expected to be periodic phenomena, although multiple bursts per protostar are possible.

Conclusions. Observations and modelling of episodic accretion bursts across a wide range of young stellar object (YSO) masses is a new promising avenue to break the degeneracy between models of episodic accretion in YSOs.
Application of innovative standards of “green” construction in Tatarstan on the example of Kazan
Authors: Zakirova Tatyana
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the prospects for the application of innovative technologies in the theory and practice of urban planning on the example of Kazan. Market relations in recent decades in our country have created a number of acute problems of modern urban planning – the curtailment of long-term planning, the reduction of environmental control in the city and its environs, etc. It is necessary to refer to the Healthy Cities initiative of the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. The first steps in this direction have already been taken in Kazan. This is a project of the new business center of the Republic of Tatarstan «Smart City Kazan» and the first «smart house» built on the territory of the Technopolis Himgrad. In Kazan, there are prerequisites for the introduction of ecourban design methods. These are vast water areas of the Volga and Kazanka rivers, the banks of which have not yet been fully developed. This is a large square in the city center, which was vacated after moving the airport outside the city limits. For Kazan, it will also be useful to replace the decorative glass false facades, often found on brick buildings after reconstruction, with vertical «solar walls» of air thermal technology.
Research institutes in the 21st century: opportunities for architects
Authors: Guseva Anna , Akhtiamov Ilnar , Akhtiamova Rezeda
Published: June 2021

Regarding the accelerated innovation in the 21st century, the article suggests modifying the spatial principles of Research Institutes as isolated institutions. The 21st century Research Institute should reflect the increasing levels of openness and security in modern information exchange methods. Thus, the Institute reveals invisible information processes in the physical urban environment, becoming the urban centre of innovation, a new workplace and leisure centre, as well as a catalyst for enhancing the city’s sustainability. The article analyses the historical paradigm of effective methods for introducing innovation to the urban environment, as well as modern socio-economic needs of innovative research institutes in the city. As a result, a unique organizational structure and functional programme of a new Research Institute are suggested. The Institute directly participates in enhancing the urban environment and forming a new lifestyle of the city dwellers. New spatial principles of such buildings are also proposed, updating the architectural typology of Research Institutes in the 21st century. Due to the increased interaction with the urban environment, the Research Institute and the city are mutually transformed. This contributes both to increasing the Institute’s efficiency and raising the city’s economic potential and life quality.
Justification of the territorial location of “green energy” objects in relation to the needs of the Tyumen region
Authors: Filimonova Larisa , Matys Elena , Sbitnev Aleksandr , Juze Elena , Bokova Anastasia
Published: June 2021

In modern conditions of falling business activity of enterprises and falling incomes of the population, the growing trend of electricity shortages persists. This need may be aggravated by the high level of deterioration of equipment at Russian thermal power plants. All world practice shifts the guidelines for expanding electricity production towards the creation of a market for pre-fabricated renewable energy sources. In the article, the authors focused on justifying the need for the massive construction of wind power plants as an alternative source of energy. Today, «traditional» energy sources cannot meet the growing demand in remote areas of the Tyumen region with districts in the context of the spread of modern information technologies and the process of digitalization of public services. The current situation also imposes significant restrictions on the intensity of the development of the process of educational technologies in remote settlements. In this connection, the authors of the article decided to conduct an analytical study to substantiate the ways of territorial development through the launch of projects for the construction of compact wind power plants as an alternative source of energy in providing resources to remote settlements.