bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Mechanical Properties in Bulk Nanograined Ni with High‐Density Fivefold Twins
Authors: Wang Yujue , Zhou Xin , Lu Yang , Li Xiuyan
Published: January 2025

Fivefold twins are extensively present in nanoparticles and nanowires, enhancing their performance in physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. However, a deep insight into the correlation between mechanical properties and fivefold twins in bulk nanograined materials is lacking due to synthesis difficulties. Here, a bulk fivefold‐twinned nanograined Ni is synthesized via electrodeposition. The fivefold‐twinned nanograins typically feature decahedral and icosahedral shapes similar to fivefold‐twinned particles. The material exhibits a yield strength of ≈1.7 GPa under both compression and tension. Tensile samples achieve an ultimate strength of 2.15 GPa with 15% elongation to failure. The plastic deformation is accommodated by partial dislocation sliding on twin boundaries, splitting fivefold twins, and abnormally refining grains. The size dependence of nucleation stress for partial dislocation is responsible for strengthening and strain hardening. The results showcase the potential of incorporating fivefold twins into bulk nanocrystalline materials to tailor mechanical properties and applications across diverse fields.
Integration of Asymmetric Multi‐Path Hollow Structure and Multiple Heterogeneous Interfaces in Fe3O4@C@NiO Nanoprisms Enabling Ultra‐Low and Broadband Absorption
Authors: Wang Xiangyu , Zhu Hongsong , Cao Boyuan , Qu Jingjing , Yan Pengfei , Liu Tong
Published: January 2025

A reasonable construction of hollow structures to obtain high‐performance absorbers is widely studied, but it is still a challenge to select suitable materials to improve the low‐frequency attenuation performance. Here, the Fe3O4@C@NiO nanoprisms with unique tip shapes, asymmetric multi‐path hollow cavity, and core–shell heteroepitaxy structure are designed and synthesized based on anisotropy and intrinsic physical characteristics. Impressively, by changing the load of NiO, the composites achieve strong absorption, broadband, low‐frequency absorption: the reflection loss of −55.8 dB and the absorption bandwidth of 9.9 GHz covers both low and high frequency (2.9–6.1 and 11.3–18 GHz). The constructed anisotropic hollow and heterointerface nanoprisms can optimize impedance matching for low‐frequency absorption (3.8–7.9 GHz) almost completely covering the 5G band. Especially, the influence of hollow path on the interface polarization and ferromagnetic coupling behavior is revealed through the simulation of electric and magnetic field distribution using the High‐Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). In addition, HFSS simulation shows that the Radar Cross‐Sectional (RCS) value of the absorber at any angle is <−10 dB m2, which meets the complex requirements in practical application. This research paves a new way for the development of efficient low‐frequency absorbers based on composition and structure design.
NanoTrackThera Platform for Real‐Time, In Situ Monitoring of Tumor Immunotherapy and Photothermal Synergistic Efficacy
Authors: Chang Zixuan , Wang Keyi , Fang Zixian , Tang Yue , Gao Xiaonan , Tang Bo
Published: January 2025

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, posing a significant threat to human health. Although immunotherapy has shown promise in cancer treatment, its efficacy is often compromised by tumor immune evasion, which hinders treatment outcomes. Therefore, combining immunotherapy with other therapeutic approaches to enhance its effectiveness has become an increasingly accepted strategy in clinical practice. In response to this need, a nanotechnology‐based platform, NanoTrackThera (NTT), which enables both combination therapy and real‐time efficacy diagnosis, is developed. Using nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as a model, the NTT platform integrates immunotherapy and photothermal therapy (PTT) to enhance the activity of natural killer (NK) cells, employ immune checkpoint inhibitors, and leverage the heat generation from self‐assembled nanoparticles under near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation to directly kill cancer cells. Simultaneously, the nanoplatform incorporates dual detection capabilities through fluorescence imaging and photoacoustic imaging. With these multimodal imaging techniques, the platform can achieve real‐time, in situ, tracking of tumor biomarker changes during treatment, providing precise feedback on the efficacy of the combined immunotherapy and photothermal therapy. The NTT platform significantly enhances therapeutic efficacy while enabling real‐time monitoring of dynamic changes in key tumor biomarkers, providing a solution for personalized and adaptive precision therapy.
Diatomite‐Based Hybrid Electrolyte for Improving Reversibility of Cathode/Anode Interface Reaction in Zn‐MnO2 Batteries
Authors: Wu Xiaoyu , Hu Yida , Li Hailong , Xiao Wenjie , Fang Jiashu , Liang Juanjia , Chen Jinghua , Liang Shuquan , Liu Sainan , Fang Guozhao
Published: January 2025

The cyclic stability of aqueous zinc‐manganese batteries (ZMBs) is greatly restricted by the side reaction of the anode and the irreversibility of the cathode. In this work, a solid‐liquid hybrid electrolyte mixing by traditional ZnSO4‐based electrolyte and diatomite (denoted as Dtm) is proposed that exhibits good compatibility and reversibility in both the anode interface and the cathode interface. The abundant hydroxyl groups at the anode interface disturb the hydrogen bond network of water molecule, which weakens the corrosion of the active water to Zn anode. Moreover, the negatively charged surface of diatomite is able to regulate the electric field at the anode interface to promote the uniform deposition of Zn ion as well as inhibit the formation of Zn hydroxyl sulfate (ZHS) at the anode interface. As a result, Zn||Zn symmetric battery with Dtm achieves a stable cycling for 2500 h at 1 mA cm−2/1 mAh cm−2, while Zn||MnO2 battery can achieve a stable cycle time of 500 cycles at current densities of 0.2 and 0.5 A g−1 with capacities of 228 and 177.6 mAh g−1, respectively. The Dtm provides new ideas for electrolyte screening for high‐performance aqueous ZMBs.
Breiteres Anwendungsspektrum mit überarbeiteter DIN 18008
Authors: Siebert Geralt
Published: January 2025

DIN 18008 als nationale Norm für Bemessung und Konstruktion von Glaskonstruktionen wurde als Weißdruck erstmals 2010 und 2013 veröffentlicht; die turnusgemäße Überarbeitung dauerte länger als erwartet, da jeweils mehrere größere Modifikationen vorgeschlagen wurden. Teil 1 (Bemessungsgrundlagen) und Teil 2 (Linienförmig gelagerte Verglasungen) wurden in der überarbeiteten Fassung schließlich 2020 veröffentlicht, kürzlich folgten die Endfassungen des überarbeiteten Teils 3 (Punktförmig gelagerte Verglasungen), Teils 4 (Absturzsichernde Verglasungen) und Teils 5 (Begehbare Verglasungen) mit Datum Dezember 2024. Die Überarbeitung gründet sich auf Erfahrungen aus der praktischen Anwendung und setzt zwischenzeitliche Forschungsaktivitäten für die Praxis um; auch die Entwicklungen der europäischen Normungsarbeit für Eurocode 10 Design of Glass Structures sind berücksichtigt. Der Beitrag zeigt die Weiterentwicklungen auf, wie z. B. die Reduzierung des Sicherheitsniveaus für ausgewählte Anwendungen mit niedrigeren Schadensfolgeklassen, die Ausweitungen der Regelungen und Hilfsmittel für flächenbündige konische Punkthalterungen, sowie für absturzsichernde Verglasungen das überarbeitete Konzept der Klassifizierung und die neu entwickelten Flussdiagramme für die Darstellung der Bemessung in verschiedenen Szenarien. Insgesamt wird der Anwendungsbereich der Bemessungsnorm erweitert, es können eine größere Vielfalt wie auch wirtschaftlichere Glaskonstruktionen normgerecht realisiert werden.
Zirconium dioxide reinforced aluminum alloy: Microstructure and mechanical characteristics
Authors: Zouli Nasser , Kuku Mohammed , Maslamani Nujud , Moafa Hassan N. , Hassan Mohamed , Eldoma Mubarak A. , Alomar Mohammad S. , Adam Abdel Samed M.
Published: January 2025

Aluminum‐based composites reinforced with ceramics are intriguing subjects for both industry and research. Aluminum metal matrix composites (Al‐MMCs) are constantly ready to create new, unique property combinations that are appropriate for high‐performance applications. This work involves using a modified stir casting technique (semi‐solid‐state route) to prepare ZrO2/Al5052 composites. Aluminum alloy (Al5052) is melted in an electric furnace and then cooled slowly to a semi‐solid temperature. At this stage, pretreated ZrO2 powders are added during the rotation of the stir to enhance the incorporation and distribution. Microstructure characterization of casted alloy and composites was executed by using optical microscopy and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Tensile and microhardness tests examined the influence of zirconium dioxide on mechanical characteristics. Microstructure analysis and XRD patterns demonstrated the successful fabrication of Al‐MMCs with a uniform distribution of ZrO2 particles. The results reveal that both strength and hardness enhanced as increasing the percentage of ZrO2 particles. The maximum value for both hardness and tensile strength was accomplished in composites reinforced with 12% zirconium dioxide, which increased by 27.5% and 45.7%, respectively, over the base alloy.
Neutrophilic polyarthritis associated with Staphylococcus coagulans bacteraemia in a dog
Authors: Javeed Nadia N. , Woerde Dennis J. , Cosaro Emma C. , Sykes Jane E.
Published: January 2025

Staphylococcus coagulans (formerly Staphylococcus schleiferi subsp. coagulans) is a common opportunistic pathogen of dogs that has generally been associated with superficial infections of the skin and ear canals. Here, we describe isolation of S. coagulans from blood and urine of an 8‐year‐old German Shepherd dog that was evaluated for progressive shifting‐limb lameness, anorexia and lethargy. Cytologic analysis of synovial fluid from multiple joints revealed large numbers of non‐degenerate neutrophils, which is consistent with neutrophilic polyarthritis. To the authors’ knowledge this is the first report of S. coagulans bacteraemia in a dog.
Surgical outcomes of parathyroidectomy for pre‐kidney transplantation versus post‐kidney transplantation patients
Authors: Foote Darci C. , Zhao Xue , You Bin , Done Joy Z. , Weller Jennine , Stemme Rachel , Moreno Natalie , Morris‐Wiseman Lilah F. , Mathur Aarti
Published: January 2025

Background

Hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is common in end‐stage kidney disease and resolves in less than half of kidney transplant (KT) recipients. The ideal timing of parathyroidectomy (PTX), before or after KT, remains unclear. We sought to understand differences in morbidity and mortality after PTX pre‐KT and post‐KT.

Methods

We identified adult patients who underwent PTX pre‐KT or post‐KT between 2012 and 2021 utilizing the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Demographics, clinical characteristics, morbidity, and mortality were compared. Adjusted logistic regression with propensity score weighting assessed odds of 30‐day composite morbidity, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), readmission, and mortality.

Results

We identified 1972 patients who underwent PTX pre‐KT and 541 patients who underwent PTX post‐KT. Post‐KT HPT patients were older (mean age 53.9 v 48.2 and p < 0.01) and more commonly White (45.3% v 32.3% and p < 0.01) and diabetic (30.0% v 18.5% and p < 0.01). In comparison, pre‐KT HPT patients were more commonly Black (53.2% v 30.1%), had American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class 3–4 (98.0% v 89.6% and p < 0.01), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (4.2% v 1.5% and p < 0.01), and congestive heart failure (4.4% v 1.1% and p < 0.01). After adjusting for confounders, patients pre‐KT had 1.72‐fold increased odds of morbidity (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13–2.61), 8.39‐fold increased odds of MACE (95% CI: 1.13–62.18), and 2.07‐fold increased odds of readmission (95% CI: 1.38–3.10). There was no difference in mortality or risk of infections.

Conclusions

Patients who underwent PTX prior to KT were at significantly increased risk for 30‐day morbidity and MACE, but no different odds of mortality compared to PTX after KT. This can help inform decision‐making regarding timing of PTX in patients with HPT.
Scalable Data Management on Next-Generation Data Center Networks
Authors: Jasny Matthias , Ziegler Tobias , Binnig Carsten
Published: January 2025

The landscape of distributed Database Management Systems (DBMSs) has been fundamentally transformed by advancements in data center network technologies. Traditionally, these systems were designed to minimize network communication, which was perceived as a significant bottleneck. However, with the advent of high-speed networks and technologies such as Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA), this perception is changing. RDMA allows direct memory access to remote machines at speeds comparable to local memory access, challenging the long-standing belief that network communication is inherently slow. This chapter explores how the evolution of data center networks, mainly through RDMA, has enabled new designs for disaggregated databases. Moreover, the chapter delves into programmable networks as a solution beyond RDMA. In particular, this chapter provides an overview of RDMA and programmable networks and introduces novel ideas for optimizing databases in disaggregated setups using RDMA. Furthermore, two approaches are highlighted that leverage programmable networks in addition to RDMA to improve the efficiency of disaggregated databases even further: P4DB, which leverages programmable data planes for in-network OLTP processing, and zero-sided RDMA, a network-driven data shuffling method that enhances communication efficiency between heterogeneous accelerators. By showcasing these advancements, we demonstrate how database systems can utilize specialized networking hardware to achieve unprecedented performance levels. The chapter concludes with a summary and discussion of future research directions in the field of data center network technologies and their impact on distributed DBMSs.
Research on Transmission Error of Double Lead Involute Worm and Worm Gear Pair Considering Thermal Deformation
Authors: Ling He , Yuan Zhaoxing , Jin Kairui
Published: January 2025

Based on the principle of double-lead worm gear meshing and the machining principle of double-lead involute worm gear, the tooth equation and mathematical equation of involute double-lead worm gear are established, in order to study the situation of double-lead worm gear under sunshine, thermal deformation error is introduced to establish a transmission error model about thermal deformation, and the effect of different temperatures on the double-lead involute worm gear transmission error is analyzed by ADAMS simulation, the results show that the average and maximum values of transmission error of double-lead involute worm gear increase with the decrease of temperature, and the mean square error of transmission error shows a slight increase with the increase of temperature. The results show that the mean and maximum values of the transmission error of the double-lead involute worm gear increase with the decrease of temperature, and the mean square deviation of the transmission error shows a slightly increasing trend with the increase of temperature.
Cepstrum-Guided Empirical Wavelet Transform and Bearing Fault Feature Extraction
Authors: Zhang Yihan , Li Junda , Cheng Cheng , Zhong Zhicong
Published: January 2025

As a traditional frequency domain modal decomposition method, the empirical wavelet transform has complete theoretical support and excellent adaptability. For signals with high sampling frequency and strong noise, the empirical wavelet transform will obtain unexplained components and mode aliasing. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes an optimized empirical wavelet transform method based on Cepstrum guidance. The trend spectrum is obtained through cepstral editing, which is considered to be related to the information. The minimum of the trend spectrum is defined as the boundary between modes. Filter banks are constructed based on the scaling function and empirical wavelet to extract different modal components. Finally, the unbiased autocorrelation kurtosis of each component is calculated to screen fault information. The method is verified to be effective through simulation signals and bearing experimental signals.
Optimization and Combination Design of Spray Heads Based on Artificial Intelligence Rain System Test Platform
Authors: Sun Jian , Lin Hongxin , Xu Hangtian , Zhang Changwei , An Zhenyu , Yi Yunshan , Wang Pan , Liu Dongjie , Wang Lili , Cao Yang
Published: January 2025

The system is based on the design of an artificial intelligence rainfall system testing platform, which combines mechanical calculations, fluid dynamics analysis, and simulation analysis to achieve simulation demonstrations of rainfall processes in different time and space in independent areas. Combined with mathematical modeling and simulation of nozzle combination methods, the optimal results of nozzle combination are obtained, and an efficient artificial intelligence sprinkler system testing platform is constructed.
Design of Structure and Control System of All-Terrain Intelligent Agricultural Picking Robot
Authors: Wu Bo , Zhang Song , Pan Xianglong , Yang Lishuang
Published: January 2025

According to the current situation of China's agricultural picking, large scale, complex terrain and labor shortage. This design is an all-terrain intelligent agricultural picking robot. The picking robot has the functions of walking, avoiding obstacles and picking. In this paper, the design of robot structure and hardware circuit control is carried out. The basic structure of the design is divided into upper box and lower box. The upper box is a replaceable functional device and the default is a cargo hold and picking robot arm. The lower box is composed of a new all-terrain track motion mechanism and camera module, obstacle avoidance module, power module, transmission module and core control module. The upper box is fixed by a detachable bolt group on the balance table of the lower box, and the mechanical arm is installed in the cargo hold through bolt connection. The end of the mechanical arm is loaded with a pressure sensor, and the new all-terrain track motion mechanism and the drive and sensing control system equipped with the lower box can realize the picking and handling of the operation object. Aiming at the climbing stability, the dynamic modeling was carried out and the maximum climbing height of the robot was obtained based on theoretical calculation and simulation. Through the finite element analysis of the main parts of this design, it is found that the strength meets the requirements of material properties and the calculation is reasonable and reliable. The design has the advantages of stable structure, easy implementation and operation, low cost, strong expansibility and practicability, and easy promotion and application. It can be used with harvesting machinery, spraying equipment, etc., and can also be put into rescue and disaster relief, scientific research and exploration, logistics and transportation and other fields.
Creep Prediction of Ethylene Vinyl-Acetate Copolymer Support
Authors: Wang Li , Byeon Jeong-mu , Peng Gang
Published: January 2025

To keep GIS (Gas Insulated Substations) bus bar device safe from long distance transportation, EVA (ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer) plastic support is used as buffer. Creep caused by long-term pressure during ocean carriage should be taken into consideration to avoid structural damage. This paper develops a process to combines the FEA (finite element analysis) result calculated by ABAQUS and numerical iteration to predict the large creep deflection of the EVA plastic support. Result shows that the theory can predict a more accurate process of creep behavior and a purely numerical guide is built for assessment at packaging site.
Analysis of Excitation Force on Aeroengine Blisk Structure
Authors: Xie Weiyi , Song Youfu , Chen Yihong , Lu Xuewei , Xiong Xiangjie , Liu Changli
Published: January 2025

The aerodynamic forces acting on the surface of the turbine rotor blades are the main factor to affect their vibration characteristics, and the resonance of rotor blades can be determined and forced response analysis can be carried out based on the characteristics of aerodynamic excitation force. In the paper, the equivalent aerodynamic excitation forces on the surface of the rotor blade of a certain aeroengine blisk structure are extracted and analyzed, and then the frequency distribution of the excitation force and its variation with rotating speed are analyzed in the time and frequency domains. The results show that the main component of the aerodynamic force is the mean value and the dangerous excitation order is one and two times of the stator blade number. It can be used in forced response analysis to determine the resonance and high cycle fatigue.
Simulation Experiment of Horizontal Disk Type Precision Seed Dispenser Based on Discrete Unit Method for Carrot Sowing
Authors: Li Shiwei , Gong Yixuan , Li Bingsen , Sun Shiqian , Tang Qixiang , Dai Youwu
Published: January 2025

We designed a mechanical horizontal disc radish seeder. To verify the reliability of the seed discharger, we analyzed and optimized the rotational speed, thickness and rounded hole size of the seeding disc by discrete element software, and through the experimental simulation, we successfully achieved the effects of uniform seed discharge, low seed jamming rate, and reduction of the leakage phenomenon, with the qualified index of grain spacing S = 85.21%, the index of replanting D = 13.73%, and the index of leakage M = 1.05%.
Research on Control Strategies of Anti-surge Systems for Large Centrifugal Fans
Authors: Wu Zijing , Tian Hai , Li Chao , Wang Saisai , Tao Zhen
Published: January 2025

The occurrence of surge in large centrifugal fans during operation can lead to a degradation of their original operational quality, resulting in substantial economic losses and even posing serious safety hazards. In this study, we propose a constant-pressure approach to approximate the surge limit line, addressing the limitations of fixed and variable surge limit methods when the flow approaches the surge limit. This control strategy effectively expands the stable operating region of large centrifugal fans, enhancing their operational efficiency. Additionally, we employ a Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) optimized PID controller for controlling the opening of the recirculation valve. Through this approach, dynamic response and control accuracy are significantly improved. Matlab/Simulink simulations demonstrate that the RBFNN-PID controller achieves the shortest settling time, minimal overshoot, rapid response, and excellent control precision and stability.
Performance Analysis of AlGaN/GaN MOS-HEMT Based Biosensors
Authors: Liu Yue , Ma Yuzhen , Guo Haiqui , Liu Yanli
Published: January 2025

The sensing performance of AlGaN/GaN MOS-HEMT biosensors for neutral biomolecules was investigated by Silvaco TCAD. In order to achieve excellent sensing sensitivity, the gate length (1–4 µm) and AlGaN barrier layer thickness (10–30 nm) of the MOS-HEMT were optimized. The results show that by keeping the sensing area constant, the sensing performance of MOS-HEMT decreases with the increase of the gate length. However, the sensing sensitivity increases with the increase of gate length by keeping the gate dielectric length at 0.5 µm. Moreover, the trend of ∆IDS change slows down as the gate length increases. In addition, the relatively thinner AlGaN barrier layer can optimize the sensing performance of the MOS-HEMT biosensor. Ultimately, the optimal sensitivity was obtained of MOS-HEMT with a 1.5-µm-long gate and 10-nm-thick AlGaN barrier layer. For casein biomolecules, the ∆IDS of MOS-HEMT is 196.8 mA/mm. This study offers crucial validation for the advancement of GaN-based MOS-HEMT biosensors, significantly contributing to the field’s progress.
Retrospektive Analyse von Kindern mit Impfgranulomen
Authors: Trefzer Laura , Kerl-French Katrin , Weins Andreas Benedikt , Schnopp Christina
Published: January 2025

Hintergrund

Impfgranulome sind eine häufige (0,3–1 %), unerwünschte Wirkung von (akzidentell) subkutan verabreichten Impfungen und spezifischen Immuntherapien, die aluminiumhaltige Konjugate enthalten. Die klinische Symptomatik aus juckenden subkutanen Knoten betrifft überwiegend Säuglinge und Kleinkinder an den lateralen Oberschenkeln.

Ziel der Arbeit

Ziel ist es, Dermatologen zu sensibilisieren, diese häufige und harmlose Impfreaktion zu erkennen, um invasive Diagnostik und Verunsicherung von Eltern und Behandlern zu verhindern.

Material und Methoden

Es erfolgen eine retrospektive Analyse von 13 Kindern, die zwischen 2019 und 2023 in der kinderdermatologischen Sprechstunde vorstellig waren, sowie die Herausstellung von Diagnosekriterien und praktischem Handlungsleitfaden unter Einbeziehung der Literatur.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion

Es wurden 13 Kinder (9 Jungen, 4 Mädchen) mit subkutanen indolenten, juckenden Knoten an den Impflokalisationen (11 an Oberschenkeln, 2 an den Oberarmen), die mit einer zeitlichen Latenz von Wochen bis Monaten auftraten, retrospektiv ausgewertet. Die Impfung der Kinder war nach STIKO(Ständige Impfkommission)-Empfehlung erfolgt. Das dokumentierte Auftreten der ersten Impfgranulome war zwischen dem 12. und 36. Lebensmonat (LM). Die 3. Grundimmunisierung der hexavalenten Totimpfung fällt im STIKO-Impfkalender mit der ersten Gabe des Lebendimpfstoffes MMR(Mumps, Masern, Röteln)(‑Varizellen [V]) zusammen (ab 11. LM). Fälschlicherweise kann dies zu der Annahme führen, dass der Lebendimpfstoff ursächlich für die Granulomentwicklung war. Die Aluminiumkonjugation von Totimpfstoffen scheint ein zentraler Auslöser der Granulome zu sein, weitere Suszeptibilitätsfaktoren sind nur unvollständig bekannt. Der Nachweis einer Sensibilisierung auf Aluminium im Epikutantest bringt keinen Zusatznutzen und sollte daher nicht standardmäßig durchgeführt werden. Nach Wochen bis Jahren kommt es zur spontanen Regredienz der Granulome.

Graphic abstract
Material and social deprivation among one-person households: the role of gender
Authors: Fabrizi Enrico , Mussida Chiara , Parisi Maria Laura
Published: January 2025

We explore whether gender has a statistically significant impact on material and social deprivation of single adults after accounting for other characteristics. We use data from the 2022 European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions survey for six European countries. By assuming deprivation as an individual latent trait and by treating different deprivation levels as ranked categories, we estimate a proportional odds model separately by country. Our findings suggest a clear role for gender, i.e., the risk of being materially and socially deprived is relatively higher for women everywhere. The novelty is that facing “unexpected expenses” is the worst trouble for women, clearly coming from relative financial and economic fragility. Individual characteristics play a more important role than more aggregate indicators at explaining the risk of material and social deprivation. Finally, the estimated gender gap is robust to a large set of changes in model specification and assumptions.
Sharp $$L^p-L^q$$ estimates for evolution equations with damped oscillations
Authors: D’Abbicco Marcello , Ebert Marcelo
Published: January 2025

In this paper we derive sharp

$$L^p-L^q$$

L
p

-

L
q

estimates,

$$1\le p\le q\le \infty $$

1
≤
p
≤
q
≤
∞

(including endpoint estimates as

$$L^1-L^1$$

L
1

-

L
1

and

$$L^1-L^\infty $$

L
1

-

L
∞

) for dissipative wave-type equations, under the assumption that the dissipation dampen the oscillations but it does not cancel them. We assume that the phase function w is homogeneous of some degree

$$\sigma >0$$

σ
>
0

and that its Hessian matrix has maximal rank, including the critical case

$$\sigma =1$$

σ
=
1

, while the dissipative term

$$a(\xi )>0$$

a
(
ξ
)
>
0

may be inhomogeneous. The critical case includes waves with viscoelastic or structural damping, damped double dispersion equations and plate equations with rotational inertia, and so on. We also obtain the analogous results for fractional Schrödinger-type equations with a potential.
The outcomes of the obesity paradox in pulmonary embolism: a study of the national inpatient sample database from 2016 to 2020
Authors: Garg Ayushi , Saleemi Aman , Asfaw Mekdes , Aldaoud Nour , Chalasani Pranav , Lavu Vamsi Krishna , Bhui Palpasa , Nagar Tripti , Agarwal Ankit , Yesilyaprak Abdullah , Kumar Jai , Mansour Mohamed , Bock David , Nyongbella Joiven , Kulairi Zain
Published: January 2025

The “obesity paradox” suggests that, despite a higher baseline risk for adverse health outcomes, obese patients can experience a lower complication and mortality rate in conditions such as pulmonary embolisms (PE). This study aims to examine the association between obesity and inpatient outcomes of PE patients, utilizing the data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. We conducted a retrospective study analysis of obese adult PE patients (aged ≥ 18) using the NIS database from 2016 to 2020. Patients were categorized as either obese (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30) or non-obese, excluding those with cancer diagnosis and age > 75 years to reduce confounding factors. Multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for confounders, compared the inpatient outcomes, including mortality, length of stay, need for mechanical invasive ventilation (MIV), incidence of shock requiring vasopressor use and use of reperfusion therapies. Our results showed obese patients had a lower in-hospital mortality and reduced risk for certain adverse outcomes when compared to non-obese patients. Limitations in our data, such as the lack of imaging confirmation and inability to track certain risk indicators in real time, affected precision in outcome severity classification. Our findings support the existence of an obesity paradox, particularly in PE patients, with obese patients experiencing better inpatient outcomes relative to their non-obese counterparts. This study advances the understanding of obesity’s complex role in PE outcomes. However, further research is needed to further elucidate potential protective mechanisms to address our study limitations.
Survey of legislative frameworks and national recommendations governing paediatric maintenance haemodialysis in Europe
Authors: Vedrine Enzo , Schmitt Claus Peter , Walle Johan Vande , Shtiza Diamant , Arbeiter Klaus , Snauwaert Evelien , Pokrajac Danka , Roussinov Dimitar , Milosevic Danko , Avraam Elia , Zieg Jakub , Schmidt Ida Maria , Toots Ylle , Holtta Tuula , Klaus Günter , Askiti Varvara , Tory Kalman , Sweeney Clodagh , Verrina Enrico , Jeruma Edite , Jankauskiene Augustina , Conti Valerie Said , Lutovac Branko , Koster-Kamphuis Linda , Tasic Velibor , Bjerre Anna Kristina , Szczepańska Maria , Afonso Alberto Caldas , Rãchişan Andreea Liana , Spasojevic Brankica , Janko Victor , Novljan Gregor , Ortega Pedro J. , Sartz Lisa , Tschumi Sibylle , Bakkaloglu Sevcan Azime , Dudley Jan , Ivanov Dymtro D. , Shroff Rukshana , Ranchin Bruno ,   with the support of the EPDWG, ERKNet and ESPN dialysis working groups
Published: January 2025

Background

The application of international recommendations for paediatric maintenance haemodialysis (HD) could be strengthened by national laws or written recommendations. Our aim was therefore to describe the national rules governing paediatric maintenance HD in European countries.

Methods

A national representative, approved by the president of each paediatric nephrology society, was contacted in all 42 European countries to complete two online questionnaires.

Results

Answers were received from 36 countries. The population served by HD centres varies from 83,000 to 1,197,000 residents below 18 years of age and the estimated mean number of children on HD per centre from 0.2 to 13.5. The lowest age at which a child can be dialysed in an adult centre varies from 0 to 18 years. Laws or written national recommendations specifying: this age, the need for a paediatrician as part of medical team in mixed adult–paediatric centres, the minimum number of doctors per centre and the number of patients per nurse or nurse’s aide required during sessions exist in only 25, 22, 22, 44 and 8% of the countries, respectively. Similarly, dietitians, social workers, school service, psychologists and play specialists/youth workers are required by law or written national recommendations in 36, 28, 36, 31 and 14% of countries, respectively.

Conclusion

Laws or written national recommendations for paediatric maintenance HD are rare in European countries and very heterogeneous when they exist. This calls for discussion among paediatric and adult nephrologists and health authorities on the organisation of safe and effective paediatric HD practices.

Graphical abstract
Der Cluster Headache Impact Questionnaire
Authors: Kamm Katharina , Straube Andreas , Ruscheweyh Ruth
Published: January 2025

Der Clusterkopfschmerz ist eine schwere primäre Kopfschmerzerkrankung, die mit einer erheblichen Beeinträchtigung für die Betroffenen einhergehen kann. Der Cluster Headache Impact Questionnaire (CHIQ) ist ein kurzer Fragebogen zur Erfassung der Clusterkopfschmerz-spezifischen Beeinträchtigung. Eine fünfstufige Schweregradeinteilung von „keine oder leichte Beeinträchtigung“ bis „extreme Beeinträchtigung“ wurde auf der Grundlage der Ergebnisse eines englischsprachigen Patientenkollektivs festgelegt. In der vorliegenden Veröffentlichung wurde untersucht, ob sich diese Schweregradeinteilung auf eine deutsche Kohorte übertragen lässt. Dazu wurden Daten von 196 PatientInnen mit chronischem und episodischem Clusterkopfschmerz während einer aktiven Episode untersucht. Die Schweregradeinteilung des CHIQ zeigt auch im deutschen Patientenkollektiv klinisch sinnvolle Ergebnisse; so unterschieden sich die 5 Schweregrade signifikant in Bezug auf Attackenhäufigkeit, Einnahme von Akutmedikation, unspezifische kopfschmerzbezogene Beeinträchtigung (HIT-6) und Lebensqualität (SF-12v2). Interessanterweise gaben 32 der 52 PatientInnen mit episodischem Clusterkopfschmerz außerhalb der aktiven Episode eine Beeinträchtigung oberhalb des untersten Schweregrads an, also eine mindestens mäßiggradige Beeinträchtigung. Zusammenfassend bietet der CHIQ ein kurzes Instrument zur Erfassung der aktuellen Beeinträchtigung bei Clusterkopfschmerz. Die klinische Interpretation wird durch die hier vorgestellte Schweregradeinteilung erleichtert.

Graphic abstract
Protocol for the AFTERHERNIA Project: patient-reported outcomes of groin and ventral hernia repair
Authors: Gram-Hanssen Anders , Baker Jason Joe , Reistrup Hugin , Andersen Klaus Kaae , Rosenberg Jacob
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The AFTERHERNIA Project aims to shift the focus of hernia surgery towards patient-reported outcomes by examining the impact of surgical methods and long-term complications on a national level. Groin and ventral hernia repairs are common surgical procedures with significant impact on patient quality of life and healthcare costs. Most large-scale studies focus on clinical outcomes like reoperation and readmission rates, rather than patient-reported outcomes.

Methods

This nationwide survey involves Danish patients who have undergone groin or ventral hernia repair over a ten-year period. Patients will be identified in the Danish National Patient Registry, and they will receive either the Abdominal Hernia-Q or Groin Hernia-Q questionnaire to collect data on patient-reported outcomes. Data from the questionnaire will be linked with clinical and patient-related data from the Danish Hernia Database. The Danish National Patient Registry also contains information on long-term surgical complications. Thereby, it will be possible to link specific perioperative details with patient-reported outcomes and long-term surgical complications.

Conclusion

The AFTERHERNIA Project aims to redefine the understanding of hernia surgery outcomes by emphasizing patient-reported outcomes on a nationwide basis. By capturing a broad spectrum of patient experiences and outcomes, the project expects to inform and possibly transform clinical guidelines and patient care practices.
Treatment of hyponatremia: comprehension and best clinical practice
Authors: Sumi Hirofumi , Tominaga Naoto , Fujita Yoshiro , Verbalis Joseph G. ,   the Electrolyte Winter Seminar Collaborative Group, Fujimaru Takuya , Fujita Yoshiro , Hirose Kazuhito , Kawada Kyogo , Monkawa Toshiaki , Nagahama Masahiko , Ogata Masatomo , Ryuge Akihiro , Shibagaki Yugo , Shimizu Hideaki , Sumi Hirofumi , Terashita Maho , Tominaga Naoto , Yazawa Masahiko
Published: January 2025

This review article series on water and electrolyte disorders is based on the ‘Electrolyte Winter Seminar’ held annually for young nephrologists in Japan. The seminar features dynamic case-based discussions, some of which are included as self-assessment questions in this series. The second article in this series focuses on treatment of hyponatremia, a common water and electrolyte disorder frequently encountered in clinical practice. Hyponatremia presents diagnostic challenges due to its various etiologies and the presence of co-morbidities that affect water and electrolyte homeostasis. Furthermore, limited evidence, including a lack of robust randomized controlled trials, complicates treatment decisions and increases the risk of poor outcomes from inappropriate management of both acute and chronic hyponatremia. This review provides a comprehensive overview of treatment of hyponatremia for better comprehension and improved clinical practice.
Applications of UAV Digital Photogrammetry in landslide emergency response and recovery activities: the case study of a slope failure in the A-7 highway (S Spain)
Authors: Galve Jorge P. , Pérez-García José L. , Ruano Patricia , Gómez-López José M. , Reyes-Carmona Cristina , Moreno-Sánchez Marcos , Jerez-Longres Paula S. , Ghadimi Mehrnoosh , Barra Anna , Mateos Rosa M. , Monserrat Oriol , Azañón José Miguel
Published: January 2025

The disruption of vehicle traffic on important transport infrastructure has a major economic impact. Therefore, the instability of highway cut-slopes poses a significant risk for major infrastructures crossing mountainous regions and rocky coasts. The use of Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is of great help in the prevention of road cut-slope failures and in emergency and rehabilitation of sites impacted by this type of landslides. Here, we show an example of UAV operations in emergency response and recovery in a highway cut-slope failure. We analyzed a failure that occurred on 11 March 2021 in a 52-m-high cut-slope located at 354.3 km of the A-7 Highway (S Spain). We also examine the applications of these analyses to help in risk evaluation and management. We acquired 3050 images and 6 videos with UAVs during 5 field surveys from 11 to 31 March 2021 to follow the evolution of the destabilized cut-slope. The videos taken by UAVs were of great help in the emergency response phase to guide the first steps in the removal of unstable rock blocks. The acquired images served to generate sequential Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) and 3D models (i.e., point clouds and tiled models) using the Digital Photogrammetry technique. These models were used subsequently to identify changes in the topography and calculate volumes of both destabilized and excavated material. The volumetric analyses indicate that 6200 m3 of rock collapsed, producing a deposit of debris of 10,900 m3, and after the partial failure, 15,100 m3 of the slope remained unstable. Therefore, the volume of rock mobilized by the landslide was about 21,300 m3. The recovery activities involved the removal of the collapsed debris and the re-profiling of the slope. This involved the excavation, transportation, and deposition of 83,400 m3 of rock to reduce the slope’s inclination from 64° to 45–33°. We then analyzed the follow-up work generating sequential DEMs during the cut-slope excavation in order to forecast the approximate date of the highway reopening. Thus, an average excavation speed of 1075 m3/day was estimated, and with this value, by March 31, it was possible to initially forecast that the highway could be reopened in the first week of June, not far from June 10, the date on which it was finally reopened. These results were obtained with reduced equipment costs and field time over topography conventional methods, which indicates the usefulness of UAVs and Digital Photogrammetry (UAV-DP) in emergency response and recovery situations provoked by unstable slopes in roads.
The relationships between student content-specific grouping and teachers-students’ interactions during online collaborative mathematical task solving
Authors: Olsher Shai , Abdu Rotem , Shalata Mohamed
Published: January 2025

We examined the relationships between student content-specific grouping and the attributes of teachers-students’ interactions during online collaborative mathematical task solving using a learning analytics tool for automatic formative assessment. Such technology offloads some teachers’ responsibilities regarding mathematical aspects of learning, and we therefore ask, what are the characteristics of teachers’ interactions with students in this context? How do these characteristics relate to content-specific grouping? We examined teachers’ interactions with 29 pairs of 10th-grade students in distance group mathematics learning in a technological environment on the subject of the quadratic function. Students were teamed according to their work on a preliminary task in one of the following ways: encompassing, mutual, or similar. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of teachers’ interactions with students and interviews were conducted. We identified four categories of teacher actions that characterize dialog facilitation: task comprehension, technology use, mathematics content, and interpersonal interactions. The findings showed that teachers initiated more inferences than students in the interpersonal and task comprehension categories, while there was no significant difference between the initiators of the other categories. Furthermore, teachers and students initiated interpersonal interactions significantly more when groups were grouped with unbalanced relationships (encompassing, commonly known as heterogeneous grouping). These findings shed light on the potential to foster nuanced abilities of mathematics teachers to facilitate group work.
Global interfertility and heterosis in sugar kelp populations: a next step in sugar kelp breeding
Authors: Cohen Job , Twijnstra Robert , Schiller Jessica , Montecinos Arismendi Gabriel , Reus Brigit , Soetaert Karline , Timmermans Klaas
Published: January 2025

The potential of seaweed aquaculture is restricted by high labor, production and processing costs, leading to low economic viability. Selective breeding can improve yields and cultivation efficiency, thereby decreasing production costs. Until now, genetic resources as input for Saccharina latissima breeding trials have been sourced strictly locally, due to concerns regarding outplanting genetically exogenous material in local waters. Here we study, for the first time, worldwide interregional fertility of the seaweed S. latissima, in order to assess the potential of including global S. latissima genetic resources for selective breeding with regard to heterosis. We quantified the yield (as an indicative aquacultural performance) and morphological traits of intra- and interregional S. latissima hybrids originating from a broad range of locations in a common garden experiment. Our results show that the practical application of worldwide S. latissima genetic resources in breeding programs is feasible based on global interfertility. We found a wide morphological diversity of hybrids and observed significant heterosis in interregional hybrids. The degree of heterosis could not be linked to geographic distance. These findings reveal that worldwide genetic resources can considerably contribute to S. latissima breeding programs and could offer a major next step in improving yields and quality traits.
Pharmacokinetics of Nivolumab and Erythropoietin in a Rat Model of Diet-Induced Obesity
Authors: Sheng Yi-Hua , Park Celine , Chong Yae Eun , Yohn Christine , Siemiątkowska Anna , Kosicka-Noworzyń Katarzyna , Kaur Amrit , Sapra Karan , Brunetti Luigi , Kagan Leonid
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To investigate how obesity affects the pharmacokinetics of biologics in a rat model.

Method

Male Long-Evans rats were fed a high-fat diet from the age of 3 weeks and development of obesity was monitored by measuring body size and composition (fat and lean mass). The animals received nivolumab (1 and 8 mg/kg) or recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO, 1000 IU/kg) by intravenous or subcutaneous injection. Serum samples were collected and analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Endogenous rat IgG was also measured in the nivolumab study. A standard noncompartmental analysis was performed to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters.

Results

When dosed at mg/kg of total body weight approach, no significant differences in pharmacokinetics of nivolumab and rHuEPO between lean and obese cohorts were observed despite significant differences in the body composition. Subcutaneous bioavailability of nivolumab was inversely dependent on the dose level.

Conclusions

Pharmacokinetic parameters of two biologics tested in this work were not affected by obesity, and mg/kg dosing approach was necessary to achieve equivalent exposure in serum. The results were different from our previous findings of significant effect of obesity on pharmacokinetics of human IgG in rats. Additional studies with other biologics are urgently needed in preclinical and clinical settings.
Pathway from Earthquake Fear to Post-Traumatic Growth: The Roles of Resilience, Self-Efficacy, and Positive Childhood Memories Among Survivors of the 2023 Türkiye Earthquakes
Authors: İme Yakup , Kama Rumeysa Hoşoğlu , Arslan Nihan Çitemel
Published: January 2025

Posttraumatic growth is essential for understanding how individuals process trauma and adapt psychologically in the aftermath of seismic events. This study aims to explore the mediating effects of resilience, self-efficacy, and positive childhood memories on the relationship between fear of earthquakes and post-traumatic growth among survivors of the 2023 Türkiye earthquake (N = 423). The results of a multi-mediation analysis indicated that earthquake fear indirectly influenced post-traumatic growth through resilience, self-efficacy, and positive childhood memories. Consequently, these factors may serve as protective mechanisms promoting post-traumatic growth in earthquake survivors. Implementing strategies to enhance resilience and self-efficacy, as well as fostering positive childhood memories, may be essential for mitigating the adverse effects associated with earthquakes.