bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multivariate analysis of independent roles of socioeconomic status, occupational physical activity, reproductive factors, and postmenopausal hormonal therapy in risk of breast cancer
Authors: Katuwal Sushmita , Tapanainen Juha , Pukkala Eero
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This case–control study assesses the independent roles of reproductive history, postmenopausal hormonal therapy (HT), socioeconomic status (SES), and occupational physical activity on the risk of breast cancer (BC).

Methods

Odds ratios (OR) were estimated from conditional logistic multivariate regression model in a data set of 19,253 Finnish women diagnosed with BC between 1994 and 2013 and 96,265 age-matched population controls.

Results

Both pre- and postmenopausal white-collar workers had significantly increased risk of ductal and lobular BC as compared to manual workers. Moderate occupational physical activity reduced risk of lobular BC by 14%. There was a transient increase in the risk of BC observed after each birth followed by a protective effect starting some years after the delivery. As the number of children increased, the short-term excess risk was lower and protective effect was observed earlier. Continuous estrogen-progestin therapy (EPT) significantly increased the risk of both ductal and lobular BC and the magnitude of risk was directly proportional to duration of use (OR for 5+ years of use 2.26, 95% confidence interval 2.12–2.42). Monthly EPT for 5+ years increased the risk (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.20–1.45). Users of estradiol plus levonorgestrel intrauterine system devices showed ORs of 1.56 (95% CI 1.45–1.69) and 2.18 (95% CI 1.81–2.64) for ductal and lobular BC, respectively.

Conclusion

This study concludes that pregnancy has a dual effect on BC risk, with a transient increase in risk followed by a long-term protective effect. The SES and HT have a large effect on BC risk while occupational physical activity has only a small independent effect.
Information, Consequentiality and Credibility in Stated Preference Surveys: A Choice Experiment on Climate Adaptation
Authors: Welling Malte , Zawojska Ewa , Sagebiel Julian
Published: April 2022

Information provided in valuation surveys has been shown to affect stated preferences, which in turn may matter for the validity and reliability of survey-based value estimates. Although information effects are widely documented in stated preference studies, the reasons underlying the effects are less established. We focus on information about the policy context of the valuation scenario and examine two pathways which may help explain how including such information in a survey affects stated preferences. We hypothesize and empirically analyze whether the information effects on stated preferences can emerge as a result of changed perceptions about (1) the survey consequentiality and (2) the credibility of the valuation scenario upon facing the additional information. Our results confirm that the frequently found information effects can be present in the context of urban green and climate adaptation. The role of the additional information appears to be negligible for consequentiality perceptions. In contrast, the additional information strengthens the perceived credibility, and this may partially explain the information effects on stated preferences. We conclude that stated preference research may benefit from an increased attention to perceived credibility of the valuation scenario.
A prospective randomized pilot study evaluating the scar outcome after gluteal dermis fat graft with and without kinesiotaping
Authors: Klingenstein Annemarie , Garip-Kuebler Aylin , Muth Daniel R. , Hintschich Christoph
Published: April 2022

Purpose

To compare gluteal wound healing after dermis fat graft (DFG) implantation in patients with and without local application of kinesiotapes.

Methods

In this prospective, single-center analysis, 16 patients who underwent DFG implantation were randomized in two groups. Wound healing was compared 4–6 weeks after therapy and 3 months later (after application of 2 cycles of kinesiotaping for 2–3 weeks in the case and no specific therapy in the control group). Demographic data, patient content and wound healing were assessed. Scarring was graded (0–3) by evaluation of photodocumentation by 2 blinded, independent observers.

Results

Mean scar grading by both observers decreased from 2.31 ± 0.48 to 1.13 ± 0.72 in the case and from 2.38 ± 0.52 to 1.44 ± 0.50 in the control group with interobserver agreement on scar grading being substantial to almost perfect in both groups. Scar length decreased significantly in both groups (p = 0.008). Scar prominence decreased in 2/3 of cases in the case and 1/3 in the control group. Scar coloring significantly improved in the case group alone (p = 0.031).

Conclusion

No functionally impairing or painful scar developed. No adverse effects occurred after kinesiotaping. Gluteal scars shortened significantly over time and were significantly paler in the case group. Kinesiotaping may improve scar elevation over no specific scar therapy.
Dependable Navigation for Multiple Autonomous Robots with Petri Nets Based Congestion Control and Dynamic Obstacle Avoidance
Authors: Trinh Lan Anh , Ekström Mikael , Cürüklü Baran
Published: April 2022

In this paper, a novel path planning algorithm for multiple robots using congestion analysis and control is presented. The algorithm ensures a safe path planning solution by avoiding collisions among robots as well as among robots and humans. For each robot, alternative paths to the goal are realised. By analysing the travelling time of robots on different paths using Petri Nets, the optimal configuration of paths is selected. The prime objective is to avoid congestion when routing many robots into a narrow area. The movements of robots are controlled at every intersection by organising a one-by-one passing of the robots. Controls are available for the robots which are able to communicate and share information with each other. To avoid collision with humans and other moving objects (i.e. robots), a dipole field integrated with a dynamic window approach is developed. By considering the velocity and direction of the dynamic obstacles as sources of a virtual magnetic dipole moment, the dipole-dipole interaction between different moving objects will generate repulsive forces proportional to the velocity to prevent collisions. The whole system is presented on the widely used platform Robot Operating System (ROS) so that its implementation is extendable to real robots. Analysis and experiments are demonstrated with extensive simulations to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Long-Term Recovery from Intimate Partner Violence: Definitions by Australian Women
Authors: Carman Mary Jean , Kay-Lambkin Frances , Burgman Imelda
Published: April 2022

This study explored the lived experience of Australian women affected by intimate partner violence (IPV) and determined whether and how recovery was part of that experience. An online survey of 665 Australian women in long-term recovery from IPV gathered qualitative information about their experiences and their definitions of recovery. The guiding methodology for data analysis was qualitative content analysis, as it provided a close analysis of the manifest meanings of the women’s responses and an interpretation of the latent themes within the data. Outcomes included a thematic analysis and the numbers of women referring to each theme. The women’s definitions focused on their lived experiences of recovery rather than on the psychological and academic constructs favoured by researchers. The five themes identified in the women’s definitions were safety and survival, gaining freedom, moving on, enjoying a better life, and issues with children and parenting. These themes did not represent sequential stages but generally occurred concurrently. Relapses, digressions, and highs and lows were also common aspects of recovery. Thus, these themes were more like threads woven together in a multi-axial continuum or recovery journey, rather than sequential phases. Although many women considered they had recovered from IPV, most women found recovery to be ongoing. Some women struggled to make any progress in recovery at all. Overall, recovery from IPV is multidimensional and individualistic in nature. It is an arduous journey that evolves over a long period of time and requires a great deal of support.
The unaffordable and the sublime
Authors: Gallagher Shaun
Published: April 2022

In this paper I examine a set of exceptional aesthetic experiences that remove us from our pragmatic everyday life and involve a specific type of unaffordability. I then extend this notion of unaffordability to experiences of awe and its relation to the sublime. My analysis is guided by considerations of the phenomenologically inspired enactivist approach that supports an affordance-based accounts of aesthetic experience. I review some recent neurophenomenological studies of the experience of awe, and I then sketch out a phenomenology of awe as it approaches the sublime.
Field experiments on mechanisms influencing species boundary movement under climate change
Authors: Westoby Mark
Published: April 2022

Scope

Currently knowledge is weak about which plant species boundaries are determined directly by climate and soil factors, versus which are mediated by biotic interactions, such as exclusion by superior competitors or by pathogens. Under moving climate zones the difference is important. For example, will warm boundaries shrink poleward of their own accord, or only following invasion by other species? What research will most effectively strengthen our understanding of this fundamental issue in ecology?

Conclusions

Traditionally the required experiment has been transplant beyond the species boundary, together with density manipulation of putative competitors, herbivores, pathogens or facilitators. But now climate zones are being moved across species distributions, creating a different sort of experiment. In order to learn efficiently from this massive inadvertent experiment, exposure to new climate needs to be combined with experimental manipulation of other factors. Because range extensions are likely to be spatially patchy, these experiments need to be geographically extensive, to be sustained over 2–4 decades, and to be twinned with wide-area population monitoring via drones and other remote sensing. Highest priorities for experimental manipulation would be removal of competition, and provision of seedlings. Highest priorities for locations would be zones where vegetation physiognomy changes, such as woodlands into grasslands, or rainforest into fire-prone forest.
Comparison of the prevalence and associated factors of cognitive frailty between elderly and middle-young patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis
Authors: Chen Guanjie , Zhang Hailin , Du Xiaoju , Yin Lixia , Zhang Huipin , Zhou Qifan
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This study aimed at comparing the prevalence of cognitive frailty and explore the differences in the influencing factors between elderly and middle-young patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, the frailty phenotype, mini-mental state examination, and clinical dementia rating were used to assess the current status of cognitive frailty in 852 patients receiving MHD from four hospitals in Lianyungang City and Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China; the influencing factors were then analyzed for statistical significance.

Results

Of the total 852 patients receiving MHD, 340 were classified into an elderly group (≥ 60 years) and 512 into a middle-young group (< 60 years). The prevalence of cognitive frailty was 35.9% and 8.8%, respectively. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the independent factors of cognitive frailty were age (P < 0.001), education level (P = 0.010), nutritional status (P = 0.001), serum albumin level (P = 0.010), calf circumference (P = 0.024), and social support level (P < 0.001) in the elderly group and comorbidity status (P = 0.037), education level (P < 0.001), nutritional status (P = 0.008), serum creatinine level (P = 0.001), waist circumference (P < 0.001), and depression (P = 0.006) in the middle-young group.

Conclusion

The prevalence of cognitive frailty was significantly higher in the elderly group than in the middle-young group, and the influencing factors differed between the two populations.
Flora and plant communities across a complex network of heavily modified water bodies: geographical patterns, land use and hydrochemical drivers in a temperate overexploited plain
Authors: Montanari Irene , De Bernardini Nicola , Gizzi Gina , Bolpagni Rossano , Buldrini Fabrizio , Campione Louise , Castellari Ilenia , Landi Sara , Spiezia Luigi , Chiarucci Alessandro
Published: April 2022

The decline of freshwater flora due to alteration, reclamation and trophic perturbation of lowland wetlands is among the most relevant issues in biological conservation. The contribution of heavily modified water bodies (HMWBs) in preserving plant diversity is notable, but the underlying ecological mechanisms are not completely explored. To contribute to this debate and expand the knowledge on the role of HMWBs in maintaining wetland biodiversity in overexploited agroecosystems, a canal network of about 1150 km (SE Po valley, N-Italy) was analysed to study the geographical patterns of riparian flora and plant communities, and their land use and hydrochemical drivers. A systematic sampling procedure was adopted by randomly selecting 96 transects (10 m2) along 79 drainage canals. Additionally, 22 transects were sampled for water quality evaluation. Flora was characterised based on species richness and presence of threatened, alien and invasive species. We also studied the contribution of land use and water quality in explaining plant richness and composition. Slope and aspect of canals do not significantly affect plant species composition, whereas the «proximity to protected areas» seems to have a negative influence. Both threatened and alien plants richness decrease approaching protected areas. Among land use types, only agro-zootechnical settlements influence plant species composition, favoring nitrophilous species, as demonstrated by water parameters (the spatial patterns of nitrophilous species mirrored the progressive worsening of canal waters). This work confirms the key role of HMWBs in sustaining plant species diversity in oversimplified landscapes, highlighting complex regulation mechanisms that need further investigations.
The Benefits of Banded over Non-banded Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in Patients with Morbid Obesity: a Multi-center Study
Authors: Jense Marijn T. F. , Palm-Meinders Inge H. , Sigterman-Nelissen Rochelle , Boerma Evert-Jan G. , Liem Ronald S. L. , Swank Dingeman J. , Greve Jan Willem M.
Published: April 2022

Background

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has proven to be an effective treatment for obesity with excellent long-term results, even though weight regain can occur. A method to improve the results of RYGB and minimize chance of weight regain is banded RYGB. Better sustained weight loss is also related to higher remission of comorbidities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of banded and non-banded RYGB on long-term weight loss results and comorbidities.

Method

A retrospective comparative data study was performed. Patients who underwent a primary RYGB between July 2013 and December 2014 and followed a 5-year follow-up program in the Dutch Obesity Clinic were included. Comorbidities were assessed during screening and follow-up.

Results

The study included 375 patients with mean weight and body mass index (BMI) of 128.9 (± 21.2) kg and 44.50 (± 5.72) kg/m2. Of this group, 184 patients underwent RYGB and 191 banded RYGB. During follow-up (3 months, 1–5 years) % Total Weight Loss (%TWL) was superior in the banded group (32.6% vs 27.6% at 5 years post-operative, p < 0.001). Complication rates in both groups were similar. Comorbidity improvement or remission did not significantly differ between the two groups (p = 0.14–1.00). After 5 years of follow-up, 79 patients (20.5%) were lost to follow-up.

Conclusion

Banded RYGB does show superior weight loss compared to non-banded RYGB. No difference in effect on comorbidity improvement or remission was observed. Since complication rates are similar, while weight loss is significantly greater, we recommend performing banded RYGB over non-banded RYGB.

Graphical abstract
Unraveling Châtelperronian high-density accumulations: the open-air site of Aranbaltza II (Bizkaia, Spain)
Authors: Sánchez-Romero Laura , Benito-Calvo Alfonso , Iriarte Eneko , Emeterio Aixa San , Ortega Iluminada , Rios-Garaizar Joseba
Published: April 2022

The Châtelperronian open-air site of Aranbaltza II presents a set of very particular characteristics, such as the large number of well-preserved lithic materials in a small area and the presence of lobular accumulations that represents the 33% of different size and shape of lithic materials of the whole assemblage. Through the application of density, hotspots, and 3D-fabric analysis, in combination with sedimentological data, we discuss the factors responsible of the accumulation of these archaeological materials. The main goal of this work is inferring the formation processes from a geoarchaeological perspective and the spatial organization of this site, unraveling the high-density accumulations of this site and therefore the activities carried out. The complexity of site formation processes has not traditionally been taken into account, leading to explanatory proposals in terms of human behavior disconnected from the sedimentary context. In this work, we highlight the need to analyze site formation processes before making assumptions about human behavior. Thus, the difficulties of dismantling and interpreting high density concentrations of materials in reduced areas are addressed, as it is also observed in other Châtelperronian open-air sites, like Vieux Coutets, Les Bossats at Omersson, Canaule II, or Le Basté, which show concentrations of lithic materials that have been interpreted as waste accumulations in knapping areas, where other activities also took place. The results obtained have revealed that some materials could have suffered a short-distance displacement followed by a rapid burial that protected them and their spatial integrity, thus allowing a preservation of the main zones of accumulation of materials and therefore the type of actions performed at Aranbaltza II.
Clinical Ethics Support for Gender-Affirming Care Teams: Reflections from a Scoping Review
Authors: Feldman Sharon L. , Sankary Lauren R. , Morley Georgina , Mabel Hilary
Published: April 2022

Purpose of Review

This review aims to provide gender-affirming providers and ethics practitioners with up-to-date knowledge regarding the models of clinical ethics support (CES) available in the transgender care setting, the activities of CES services, and the benefits and limitations of CES in this context.

Recent Findings

Literature related to CES in transgender care is limited at present but will likely expand as the number of both transgender care centers and CES services continues to grow internationally. All literature substantively addressing the review question derives from the USA or the Netherlands and describes an “integrative” or “embedded” model of CES, in which ethics practitioners work regularly and collaboratively with multidisciplinary transgender care teams to provide preventive and responsive ethics support.

A scoping review of the literature shows that, at some transgender care programs in the USA and the Netherlands, embedded or integrative CES is available to highlight the ethics issues in everyday practice and to help clinicians navigate ethically complex cases. Other forms of CES available to gender-affirming providers include ethics consultation services and ethics committees. CES in transgender care can involve ethics consultation or moral case deliberation for particular cases; participation in clinical meetings to draw attention to and clarify ethical issues at play; and input into treatment protocol development. To further illustrate how ethics practitioners can contribute to a multidisciplinary approach to gender-affirming care, the authors also provide examples of embedded ethics support in one transgender care center in the USA based on their experiences. Clinicians working in transgender care may benefit from engaging with their organization’s CES service or reaching out to local and regional healthcare ethics organizations for support.
Cs3Bi2I9-hydroxyapatite composite waste forms for cesium and iodine immobilization
Authors: Yang Kun , Wang Yachun , Shen Junhua , Scott Spencer M. , Riley Brian J. , Vienna John D. , Lian Jie
Published: April 2022

Perovskite-based ceramic composites were developed as potential waste form materials for immobilizing cesium (Cs) and iodine (I) with high waste loadings and chemical durability. The perovskite Cs3Bi2I9 has high Cs (22 wt%) and I (58 wt%) content, and thus can be used as a potential host phase to immobilize these critical radionuclides. In this work, the perovskite Cs3Bi2I9 phase was synthesized by a cost effective solution-based approach, and was embedded into a highly durable hydroxyapatite matrix by spark plasma sintering to form dense ceramic composite waste forms. The chemical durabilities of the monolithic Cs3Bi2I9 and Cs3Bi2I9-hydroxyapatite composite pellets were investigated by static and semi-dynamic leaching tests, respectively. Cs and I are incongruently released from the matrix for both pure Cs3Bi2I9 and composite structures. The normalized Cs release rate is faster than that of I, which can be explained by the difference in the strengths between Cs−I and Bi−I bonds as well as the formation of insoluble micrometer-sized BiOI precipitates. The activation energies of elemental releases based on dissolution and diffusion-controlled mechanisms are determined with significantly higher energy barriers for dissolution from the composite versus that of the monolithic Cs3Bi2I9. The ceramic-based composite waste forms exhibit excellent chemical durabilities and waste loadings, commensurate with the state-of-the-art glass-bonded perovskite composites for I and Cs immobilization.
Fabrication and properties of non-stoichiometric Tb2(Hf1−xTbx)2O7−x magneto-optical ceramics
Authors: Zhang Lixuan , Li Xiaoying , Hu Dianjun , Liu Ziyu , Xie Tengfei , Wu Lexiang , Yang Zhaoxiang , Li Jiang
Published: April 2022

Non-stoichiometric Tb2(Hf1−xTbx)2O7−x (x = −0.07–0.45) magneto-optical ceramics were fabricated by solid-state reactive sintering in vacuum combined with hot isostatic pressing (HIP) post-treatment without any sintering aids. The phase composition, densification process, microstructure, optical transmittance, and Verdet constant of Tb2(Hf1−xTbx)2O7−x ceramics were investigated. The in-line transmittance of (Tb0.93Hf0.07)2Hf2O7.07 ceramics with a thickness of 2.0 mm reaches 74.6% at 1064 nm. The Verdet constant of Tb2(Hf1−xTbx)2O7−x ceramics is −153.4, −155.8, and −181.2 rad/(T·m) at the wavelength of 633 nm when x = −0.07, 0, and 0.1, respectively. The Verdet constant increases with the increase of Tb content, and these values are higher than that of the commercial Tb3Ga5O12 crystal, indicating that non-stoichiometric Tb2(Hf1−xTbx)2O7−x ceramics have a great potential for the application in Faraday isolators.
Gauss-Bonnet Theorem in the Universal Covering Group of Euclidean Motion Group E(2) with the General Left-Invariant Metric
Authors: Li Wanzhen , Liu Haiming
Published: April 2022

The universal covering group of Euclidean motion group E(2) with the general left-invariant metric is denoted by $$(\widetilde{E(2)},g_L(\lambda _1,\lambda _2)),$$

(

E
(
2
)

~

,

g
L

(

λ
1

,

λ
2

)

)
,

where $$\lambda _1\ge \lambda _2>0.$$

λ
1

≥

λ
2

>
0
.

It is one of three-dimensional unimodular Lie groups which are classified by Milnor. In this paper, we compute sub-Riemannian limits of Gaussian curvature for a Euclidean $$C^2$$

C
2

-smooth surface in $$(\widetilde{E(2)},g_L(\lambda _1,\lambda _2))$$

(

E
(
2
)

~

,

g
L

(

λ
1

,

λ
2

)

)

away from characteristic points and signed geodesic curvature for Euclidean $$C^2$$

C
2

-smooth curves on surfaces. Based on these results, we get a Gauss-Bonnet theorem in the universal covering group of Euclidean motion group E(2) with the general left-invariant metric.
Assessment of the Psychometrics of the Students' Attitudes towards Addressing Sexual Health Extended (SA-SH-Ext) Questionnaire for Social Educator Students
Authors: Lunde Gerd Hilde , Blaalid Laila , Gerbild Helle , Areskoug Josefsson Kristina
Published: April 2022

Background

Social educators have an important role in promoting and rehabilitating sexual health as they provide information, discuss, and support sexual health in daily life for persons living with impairments, intellectual disabilities, and complex needs.

Aim

The study aimed to assess the psychometrics of the Students´ Attitudes towards addressing Sexual Health Extended (SA-SH-Ext) questionnaire for social educator students.

Methods

A sample of 213 Norwegian social educator students was used to test internal consistency reliability and construct validity with explorative factor analysis.

Outcomes

Internal consistency reliability showed a Cronbach's alpha of 0.906 and construct validity measured with explorative factor analysis showed good results with the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy (KMO) being high (0.929) and Bartlett´s test of sphericity being significant (P = .000).

Results

The SA-SH-Ext is reliable and valid for social educator students, however the psychometric assessment revealed that the domains of the SA-SH-Ext should be revised compared to the original SA-SH questionnaire.

Clinical implications

Measuring the effectiveness of sexual health education interventions is important and to have a valid and reliable questionnaire to assess future professionals’ attitudes towards addressing sexual health increases the ability to target specific client needs or knowledge gaps, such as addressing sexual health for persons with intellectual disabilities.

Strengths

and limitations: In comparison with previous studies of the original SA-SH, SA-SH-Ext has high reliability and validity. The current study was performed with classical test theory. Performing Rasch analysis may detect other psychometric issues, by improving precision and thereby providing a deeper understanding of both how to optimise a questionnaire and understand the results of a used questionnaire. Despite the response rate of 34%, the results are seen as valid considering the low correlation between response rate and validity and that the sample size was sufficient for the chosen psychometric tests.

Conclusion

The SA-SH-Ext is a valuable questionnaire for assessing the level of perceived preparedness among social educator students in addressing sexual health, a field often neglected in health and care.
Estimating Mass Flux From Size‐Fractionated Filtered Particles: Insights Into Controls on Sinking Velocities and Mass Fluxes in Recent U.S. GEOTRACES Cruises
Authors: Xiang Yang , Lam Phoebe J. , Burd Adrian B. , Hayes Christopher T.
Published: April 2022

We compile full ocean‐depth size‐fractionated (1–51 and >51 μm) particle concentration and composition of suspended particulate matter from three recent U.S. GEOTRACES cruises, and exploit detailed information of particle characteristics measured to give insights into controls on sinking velocity and mass flux. Our model integrates the concept of fractal scaling into Stokes' Law by incorporating one of two porosity‐size power law relationships that result in fractal dimensions of 1.4 and 2.1. The medians of pump‐derived total (>1 μm) mass flux in the upper 100 m of gyre stations are 285.1, 609.2, and 99.3 mg/m2/d in the North Atlantic, Eastern Tropical South Pacific, and Western Arctic Ocean cruises, respectively. In this data set, variations in particle concentration were generally more important than sinking velocity in controlling variations in mass flux. We examine different terms in a Stokes' Law model to explore how variations in particle and water column characteristics from these three cruises affect mass flux. The decomposition of different aspects of the Stokes' relationship sheds light on the lowest total mass flux of the three cruises in the Western Arctic, which could be explained by the Arctic having the lowest particle concentrations as well as the lowest sinking velocities due to having the smallest particle sizes and the most viscous water. This work shows the importance of both particle characteristics and size distribution for mass fluxes, and similar methods can be applied to existing and future size‐fractionated filtered particulate measurements to improve our understanding of the biological pump elsewhere.
Resolving and Predicting Neighborhood Vulnerability to Urban Heat and Air Pollution: Insights From a Pilot Project of Community Science
Authors: Wang Jun , Castro‐Garcia Lorena , Jenerette G. Darrel , Chandler Mark , Ge Cui , Kucera Dion , Koutzoukis Sofia , Zeng Jing
Published: April 2022

Urban heat and air pollution, two environmental threats to urban residents, are studied via a community science project in Los Angeles, CA, USA. The data collected, for the first time, by community members, reveal the significance of both the large spatiotemporal variations of and the covariations between 2 m air temperature (2mT) and ozone (O3) concentration within the (4 km) neighborhood scale. This neighborhood variation was not exhibited in either daily satellite observations or operational model predictions, which makes the assessment of community health risks a challenge. Overall, the 2mT is much better predicted than O3by the weather and research forecast model with atmospheric chemistry (WRF‐Chem). For O3, diurnal variation is better predicted by WRF‐Chem than spatial variation (i.e., underestimated by 50%). However, both WRF‐chem and the surface observation show the overall consistency in describing statistically significant covariations between O3and 2mT. In contrast, satellite‐based land surface temperature at 1 km resolution is insufficient to capture air temperature variations at the neighborhood scale. Community engagement is augmented with interactive maps and apps that show the predictions in near real time and reveals the potential of green canopy to reduce air temperature and ozone; but different tree types and sizes may lead to different impacts on air temperature, which is not resolved by the WRF‐Chem. These findings highlight the need for community science engagement to reveal otherwise impossible insights for models, observations, and real‐time dissemination to understand, predict, and ultimately mitigate, urban neighborhood vulnerability to heat and air pollution.
New Evidence for the Importance of Non‐Stomatal Pathways in Ozone Deposition During Extreme Heat and Dry Anomalies
Authors: Wong A. Y. H. , Geddes J. A. , Ducker J. A. , Holmes C. D. , Fares S. , Goldstein A. H. , Mammarella I. , Munger J. W.
Published: April 2022

Dry deposition could partially explain the observed response in ambient ozone to extreme hot and dry episodes. We examine the response of ozone deposition to heat and dry anomalies using three long‐term co‐located ecosystem‐scale carbon dioxide, water vapor and ozone flux measurement records. We find that, as expected, canopy stomatal conductance generally decreases during days with dry air or soil. However, during hot days, concurrent increases in non‐stomatal conductance are inferred at all three sites, which may be related to several temperature‐sensitive processes not represented in the current generation of big‐leaf models. This may offset the reduction in stomatal conductance, leading to smaller net reduction, or even net increase, in total deposition velocity. We find the response of deposition velocity to soil dryness may be related to its impact on photosynthetic activity, though considerable variability exists. Our findings emphasize the need for better understanding and representation of non‐stomatal ozone deposition.
Finding Order in Chaos: Quantitative Predictors of Chaos Terrain Morphology on Europa
Authors: Leonard E. J. , Howell S. M. , Mills A. , Senske D. A. , Patthoff D. A. , Hay H. C. F. C. , Pappalardo R. T.
Published: April 2022

The mechanisms for chaos terrain formation on Europa have long been a source of debate in the scientific community. There exist numerous theoretical and numerical models for chaos formation, but to date there has been a lack of quantifiable observations that can be used to constrain models and permit comparison to the outputs of these chaos models. Here, we use mapping and statistical analysis to develop a quantitative description of chaos terrain and their observed morphologies. For nine chaos features, we map every block, or region of pre‐existing terrain within disrupted matrix. We demonstrate that chaos terrains follow a continuous spectrum of morphologies between two endmembers, platy and knobby. We find that any given chaos terrain's morphology can be quantified by means of the linearized exponential slope of its cumulative block area distribution. This quantitative metric provides a new diagnostic parameter in future studies of chaos terrain formation and comparison.
Nocturnal Atmospheric Oxidative Processes in the Indo‐Gangetic Plain and Their Variation During the COVID‐19 Lockdowns
Authors: Meidan D. , Brown S. S. , Sinha V. , Rudich Y.
Published: April 2022

This study investigates selected secondary atmospheric responses to the widely reported emission change attributed to COVID‐19 lockdowns in the highly polluted Indo‐Gangetic Plain (IGP) using ground‐based measurements of trace gases and particulate matter. We used a chemical box‐model to show that production of nighttime oxidant, NO3, was affected mainly by emission decrease (average nighttime production rates 1.2, 0.8 and 1.5 ppbv hr−1 before, during and relaxation of lockdown restrictions, respectively), while NO3 sinks were sensitive to both emission reduction and seasonal variations. We have also shown that the maximum potential mixing ratio of nitryl chloride, a photolytic chlorine radical source which has not been previously considered in the IGP, is as high as 5.5 ppbv at this inland site, resulting from strong nitrate radical production and a potentially large particulate chloride mass. This analysis suggests that air quality measurement campaigns and modeling explicitly consider heterogeneous nitrogen oxide and halogen chemistry.
Characterizing Catchment‐Scale Nitrogen Legacies and Constraining Their Uncertainties
Authors: Sarrazin Fanny J. , Kumar Rohini , Basu Nandita B. , Musolff Andreas , Weber Michael , Van Meter Kimberly J. , Attinger Sabine
Published: April 2022

Improving nitrogen (N) status in European water bodies is a pressing issue. N levels depend not only on current but also past N inputs to the landscape, that have accumulated through time in legacy stores (e.g., soil, groundwater). Catchment‐scale N models, that are commonly used to investigate in‐stream N levels, rarely examine the magnitude and dynamics of legacy components. This study aims to gain a better understanding of the long‐term fate of the N inputs and its uncertainties, using a legacy‐driven N model (ELEMeNT) in Germany's largest national river basin (Weser; 38,450 km2) over the period 1960–2015. We estimate the nine model parameters based on a progressive constraining strategy, to assess the value of different observational data sets. We demonstrate that beyond in‐stream N loading, soil N content and in‐stream N concentration allow to reduce the equifinality in model parameterizations. We find that more than 50% of the N surplus denitrifies (1480–2210 kg ha−1) and the stream export amounts to around 18% (410–640 kg ha−1), leaving behind as much as around 230–780 kg ha−1 of N in the (soil) source zone and 10–105 kg ha−1 in the subsurface. A sensitivity analysis reveals the importance of different factors affecting the residual uncertainties in simulated N legacies, namely hydrologic travel time, denitrification rates, a coefficient characterizing the protection of organic N in source zone and N surplus input. Our study calls for proper consideration of uncertainties in N legacy characterization, and discusses possible avenues to further reduce the equifinality in water quality modeling.
Thank You to Our 2021 Peer Reviewers
Authors: Manighetti Isabelle , Abercrombie Rachel , Ben‐Zion Yehuda , Bernabé Yves , Bostock Michael , Dekkers Mark J. , Ide Satoshi , Parman Stephen W. , Schmitt Douglas R. , Tregoning Paul
Published: April 2022

Editors of JGR‐Solid Earth express their appreciation to those who served as peer reviewers for the journal in 2021.
Dental pulp stem cells as a promising model to study imprinting diseases
Authors: Giabicani Eloïse , Pham Aurélie , Sélénou Céline , Sobrier Marie-Laure , Andrique Caroline , Lesieur Julie , Linglart Agnès , Poliard Anne , Chaussain Catherine , Netchine Irène
Published: April 2022

Parental imprinting is an epigenetic process leading to monoallelic expression of certain genes depending on their parental origin. Imprinting diseases are characterized by growth and metabolic issues starting from birth to adulthood. They are mainly due to methylation defects in imprinting control region that drive the abnormal expression of imprinted genes. We currently lack relevant animal or cellular models to unravel the pathophysiology of growth failure in these diseases. We aimed to characterize the methylation of imprinting regions in dental pulp stem cells and during their differentiation in osteogenic cells (involved in growth regulation) to assess the interest of this cells in modeling imprinting diseases. We collected dental pulp stem cells from five controls and four patients (three with Silver-Russell syndrome and one with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome). Methylation analysis of imprinting control regions involved in these syndromes showed a normal profile in controls and the imprinting defect in patients. These results were maintained in dental pulp stem cells cultured under osteogenic conditions. Furthermore, we confirmed the same pattern in six other loci involved in imprinting diseases in humans. We also confirmed monoallelic expression of H19 (an imprinted gene) in controls and its biallelic expression in one patient. Extensive imprinting control regions methylation analysis shows the strong potential of dental pulp stem cells in modeling imprinting diseases, in which imprinting regions are preserved in culture and during osteogenic differentiation. This will allow to perform in vitro functional and therapeutic tests in cells derived from dental pulp stem cells and generate other cell-types.
Piezoelectric-AlN resonators at two-dimensional flexural modes for the density and viscosity decoupled determination of liquids
Authors: Huang Linya , Li Wei , Luo Guoxi , Lu Dejiang , Zhao Libo , Yang Ping , Wang Xiaozhang , Wang Jiuhong , Lin Qijing , Jiang Zhuangde
Published: April 2022

A micromachined resonator immersed in liquid provides valuable resonance parameters for determining the fluidic parameters. However, the liquid operating environment poses a challenge to maintaining a fine sensing performance, particularly through electrical characterization. This paper presents a piezoelectric micromachined cantilever with a stepped shape for liquid monitoring purposes. Multiple modes of the proposed cantilever are available with full electrical characterization for realizing self-actuated and self-sensing capabilities. The focus is on higher flexural resonances, which nonconventionally feature two-dimensional vibration modes. Modal analyses are conducted for the developed cantilever under flexural vibrations at different orders. Modeling explains not only the basic length-dominant mode but also higher modes that simultaneously depend on the length and width of the cantilever. This study determines that the analytical predictions for resonant frequency in liquid media exhibit good agreement with the experimental results. Furthermore, the experiments on cantilever resonators are performed in various test liquids, demonstrating that higher-order flexural modes allow for the decoupled measurements of density and viscosity. The measurement differences achieve 0.39% in density and 3.50% in viscosity, and the frequency instability is below 0.05‰. On the basis of these results, design guidelines for piezoelectric higher-mode resonators are proposed for liquid sensing.
A novel mechanism for A-to-I RNA-edited AZIN1 in promoting tumor angiogenesis in colorectal cancer
Authors: Wei Yan , Zhang Haowan , Feng Qiaohui , Wang Shumin , Shao Youcheng , Wu Jie , Jin Ge , Lin Weiwei , Peng Xinxin , Xu Xiaoyan
Published: April 2022

Adenosine (A) to inosine (I) RNA editing catalyzed by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes is a post-transcriptional modification that emerged as a key player in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Antizyme inhibitor 1 (AZIN1) is one of the most frequent A-to-I RNA alterations in many human cancers. RNA-edited AZIN1 is known to confer a gain-of-function phenotype associated with aggressive tumors. However, the functional impact of RNA-edited AZIN1 in cancer angiogenesis remains unexplored. We showed here that RNA-edited AZIN1 promoted tumor angiogenesis through the upregulation of IL-8 via in vitro and in vivo experiments. And we subsequently demonstrated that delaying c-Myc degradation by OAZ2-mediated ubiquitin-independent proteasome pathway contributed to increase mRNA level and the secretion of angiogenic factor IL-8. Our study suggests an important contribution of RNA-edited AZIN1 to the tumor vascular microenvironment and highlights its translational potential. Thus, we revealed a potential approach to explore small-molecule antagonists such as reparixin attenuating IL-8 signaling for treatment of human cancer patients detected with hyper-editing.
Propagation network of tailings dam failure risk and the identification of key hazards
Authors: Zhen Zhixin , Wu Xu , Ma Bo , Zhao Huijie , Zhang Ying
Published: April 2022

The tailings dam system is complex, and the dam structure changes continuously over time, which can make it difficult to identify key hazards of failure and characterize the accident formation process. To solve the above problems, based on complex network theory, the paper uses the identified hazards and the relationship between hazards to construct the propagation network of tailings dam failure risk (PNTDFR). The traditional analysis methods of network centrality usually focus on one aspect of the information of the network, while it cannot take into account to absorb the advantages of different methods, resulting in the difference between identified key nodes and real key hazards. To find the key hazards of tailing dam failure, based on the characteristics of multi-stage propagation of failure risk, the paper proposes a multi-stage collaborative hazard remediation method (MCHRM) to determine the importance of hazard nodes by absorbing the advantages of different centrality methods under different hazard remediation (deletion) ratios. The paper applies the above methods to Feijão Dam I. It can be found that when the priority remediation range is increased to 45%, the key hazards obtained by the MCHRM will cover all the causes of accidents proposed by the Dam I failure investigation expert group. Besides, the paper compares the monitoring data, daily inspection results and safety evaluation information of key hazards with the ‘Grading standards of hazard indicators’, and obtains the formation process of the Dam I failure and 30 key hazards in trigger state.
A whole genome sequencing study of moderate to severe asthma identifies a lung function locus associated with asthma risk
Authors: Chang Diana , Hunkapiller Julie , Bhangale Tushar , Reeder Jens , Mukhyala Kiran , Tom Jennifer , Cowgill Amy , Vogel Jan , Forrest William F. , Khan Zia , Stockwell Amy , McCarthy Mark I. , Staton Tracy L. , Olsson Julie , Holweg Cecile T. J. , Cheung Dorothy S. , Chen Hubert , Brauer Matthew J. , Graham Robert R. , Behrens Timothy , Wilson Mark S. , Arron Joseph R. , Choy David F. , Yaspan Brian L.
Published: April 2022

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many common variant loci associated with asthma susceptibility, but few studies investigate the genetics underlying moderate-to-severe asthma risk. Here, we present a whole-genome sequencing study comparing 3181 moderate-to-severe asthma patients to 3590 non-asthma controls. We demonstrate that asthma risk is genetically correlated with lung function measures and that this component of asthma risk is orthogonal to the eosinophil genetics that also contribute to disease susceptibility. We find that polygenic scores for reduced lung function are associated with younger asthma age of onset. Genome-wide, seven previously reported common asthma variant loci and one previously reported lung function locus, near THSD4, reach significance. We replicate association of the lung function locus in a recently published GWAS of moderate-to-severe asthma patients. We additionally replicate the association of a previously reported rare (minor allele frequency < 1%) coding variant in IL33 and show significant enrichment of rare variant burden in genes from common variant allergic disease loci. Our findings highlight the contribution of lung function genetics to moderate-to-severe asthma risk, and provide initial rare variant support for associations with moderate-to-severe asthma risk at several candidate genes from common variant loci.
Nostalgia evocation through seasonality-conscious purchasing behavior revealed by online survey using vegetable names
Authors: Gotow Naomi , Nagai Yuko , Taguchi Taro , Kino Yuko , Ogino Hiroyuki , Kobayakawa Tatsu
Published: April 2022

Food can be a valuable mediator of nostalgia. Japanese food culture places a great emphasis on seasons, and thus there may be a relationship between nostalgic foods and seasonality. In this study, we hypothesized that participants who emphasized seasonality at the time of vegetable purchase (seasonality-oriented; hereafter, SO) would be more likely to feel vegetable-evoked nostalgia than those who did not (non-seasonality-oriented; hereafter, non-SO). To test this hypothesis, we administered an online survey to older Japanese adults regarding 103 representative vegetables considered to be seasonal foods. After participants selected vegetables that they had eaten, they then selected those that evoked nostalgia (hereafter, nostalgic vegetables). For each nostalgic vegetable, they evaluated the degree of nostalgia and state if a past event (autobiographical memory) was recalled. If an autobiographical memory was recalled for a certain nostalgic vegetable, nostalgia for that memory was evaluated. Comparing between SO and non-SO participants, SO participants had significantly higher numbers of nostalgic vegetables with associated autobiographical memories, as well as nostalgia for those vegetables and autobiographical memories. The results supported our hypothesis, suggesting that seasonality-conscious purchasing behavior evokes nostalgia.
Smart erythrocyte-hitchhiking insulin delivery system for prolonged automatic blood glucose control
Authors: Li Min , Xu Xiaomin , Shi Rongying , Li Yuai , Lin Qing , Gong Tao , Sun Xun , Zhang Zhirong , Zhang Ling
Published: April 2022

Schematic of glucose-responsive insulin nanoparticles binding to red blood cells and the in vivo release process of insulin.
In situ fluorescence imaging reveals that mitochondrial H2O2 mediates lysosomal dysfunction in depression
Authors: Wang Xin , Ding Qi , Tian Ying , Wu Wei , Che Feida , Li Ping , Zhang Wen , Zhang Wei , Tang Bo
Published: April 2022

We used two novel fluorescent probes for identifying a time-dependent pathological cascade beginning with mitochondrial H2O2 accumulation under oxidant stress, which led to elevated lysosomal H2O2, and finally resulting in reduced GCase enzymatic activity in the brains of depressed mice.