bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Décrypter les paradoxes des politiques publiques des acteurs institutionnels et associatifs concernant l’accès aux droits et aux services des personnes âgées immigrées
Authors: Emsellem Sylvie
Published: December 2016

Cet article met en évidence deux paradoxes concernant l’accès aux droits et aux services des personnes âgées immigrées. Un premier qui relève des politiques publiques qui affichent le non-recours aux droits des immigrés âgés comme une priorité, alors que les services de l’État intensifient les entraves et les contrôles administratifs auprès de ces personnes, dans un contexte où la réelle priorité semble être l’équilibre des comptes de l’État. Second paradoxe qui résulte d’une approche binaire mobilisant soit une grille d’analyse culturaliste ou à l’opposé une grille d’analyse universaliste, pour comprendre l’accès aux services gérontologiques des immigrés âgés. Une approche des pratiques et des actions qui s’accommode à leur situation économique, migratoire et à leur âge semble la plus adaptée.
Entre transmission et construction de l’identité : le cas des enfants de vieux immigrés africains
Authors: Aouici Sabrina , Gallou Rémi
Published: December 2016

L’article étudie les transmissions et les relations au sein de familles d’origine subsaharienne vivant en France, à partir de l’interrogation de deux générations adultes (parents et enfants adultes). La double référence des pays d’attache en matière de pratiques, de valeurs, de normes ou de principes éducatifs est permanente. La construction des identités marquée par des références multiples diffère selon la génération d’appartenance. Si les parents restent attachés avant tout à leur identité africaine (ethnique ou nationale), ils se reconnaissent une « part » française. Les jeunes déclarent se sentir citoyens français et souhaiteraient être reconnus comme tels. Si les jeunes expriment un intérêt pour l’Afrique, preuve de leur attachement pour les terres d’origine, ils ne sont pas pour autant tentés d’y vivre.
L’adaptation des personnes âgées tunisiennes émigrées de retour au pays
Authors: Labidi Lassaad
Published: December 2016

Après une expérience migratoire, certains Tunisiens une fois à la retraite décident de rentrer dans leur communauté d’origine. Ce retour représente pour eux une nouvelle étape de la vie à laquelle ils essayent de s’adapter en utilisant différentes stratégies.
L’inhumation des immigrés âgés : l’ultime mobilité
Authors: Samaoli Omar
Published: December 2016

Chez les personnes issues de l’immigration, la crainte de la mort est surpassée par celle de mourir loin du pays natal et de ne pas être enterrées conformément au rite musulman. Bien qu’il existe des parcelles, voire des cimetières musulmans en France, les personnes ou leurs familles choisissent souvent de rapatrier les défunts dans leur pays d’origine. Ce choix a à voir avec les enjeux religieux concernant l’inhumation, qui se heurtent à la laïcité des cimetières communaux, et plus généralement aux appréhensions suscitées par le fait de mourir en terre étrangère : la difficulté d’obtenir que la toilette mortuaire soit réalisée conformément au rite, ou encore la disparition rapide des sépultures sont autant d’éléments qui, loin de traduire un quelconque « repli identitaire », traduisent l’inquiétude de personnes désireuses de terminer leurs jours conformément aux préceptes de la culture qui les a façonnées.
La démarche Villes et communautés amies des aînés
Authors: Viriot-Durandal Jean-Philippe , Scheider Marion
Published: December 2016

Cet article propose d’analyser la manière dont la notion de « vieillissement actif » a été progressivement mobilisée pour développer un cadre d’analyse international permettant d’agir sur l’adaptation des territoires au vieillissement. À travers la démarche « Villes amies des aînés » ( vada ) – ou Age Friendly Cities – développée massivement par l’ oms , il s’agit d’observer les principes qui prévalent au niveau international et sont mis en œuvre sur le plan local. Au-delà de cette première base de lecture, l’article s’attache à montrer comment un cadre d’application a priori standard peut être décliné de manière plurielle dans trois contextes nationaux différents : les États-Unis, la France et le Québec. Enfin, l’article s’efforcera de saisir les atouts et les limites de ce modèle dans le développement d’une politique plus inclusive en matière de vieillissement.
« Domiciles partagés ». Une action expérimentale pour reloger et accompagner des vieux migrants sortis de l’habitat indigne
Authors: Labidi Moncef
Published: December 2016

Cet article présente un dispositif des domiciles partagés. Cette pratique inspirante a été pensée comme une solution pour loger, mais aussi pour accompagner, suivre et assurer une veille sur la situation sociale des locataires. Connaissant l’absence de ce public dans les ehpad , cette pratique amenée à se généraliser peut aider cette population à quitter des logements souvent indécents pour vivre dignement la fin de vie auprès de leurs compatriotes.
Transmission electron microscopy for nanomedicine: novel applications for long-established techniques
Authors: Malatesta Manuela
Published: December 2016

During the last twenty years, the research in nanoscience and nanotechnology has dramatically increased and, in the last decade, the interest has progressively been oriented towards biomedical applications, giving rise to a new field termed nanomedicine. Transmis - sion electron microscopy is a valuable technique not only for the thorough physico-chemical characterization of newly synthesized nanoparticulates, but especially to explore the effects of nanocomposites on biological systems, providing essential information for the development of efficient therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. Thus, for the progress of nanotechnology in the biomedical field, experts in cell biology, histochemistry and ultramicroscopy should always support the chemists, physicists and pharmacologists engaged in the synthesis and characterization of innovative nanoconstructs.
Die boodskap van die Bybel tot getuienis in die wêreld
Authors: Jordaan Jorrie
Published: December 2016

No abstract available.
Knowledge of HIV and benefits of male medical circumcision amongst clients in an urban area
Authors: Faleye Abidemi
Published: December 2016

Background: Male medical circumcision (MMC) has been shown to reduce the risk of HIV transmission in circumcised men by up to 60%. Following recommendations from the World Health Organization, South Africa adopted MMC as a preventative strategy against HIV in 2010 and set up circumcision camps across the country. Concerns have been raised about condom avoidance following MMC because of a mistaken belief about the benefits of MMC.Aim and setting: The aim of this study was to describe the profile and knowledge about HIV and circumcision amongst men presenting for MMC in an urban area in KwaZulu-Natal.Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of 394 clients over the age of 18 years who presented to two MMC sites in Durban between November 2012 and March 2013. A validated questionnaire was used to collect data.Results: The mean age of clients presenting for MMC was 28 years. Most clients were black, single, unemployed and sexually active. The majority presented for MMC because they believed that MMC would reduce their risk of acquiring HIV infection. Knowledge about HIV transmission was very good and 86.3% of clients were aware that risky sexual behaviour suchas condom avoidance could reverse the benefits of MMC.Conclusion: The knowledge of HIV and benefits of MMC was very good amongst those presenting for MMC. However as MMC is primarily a preventative strategy, innovative methods to promote MMC prior to first sexual encounter need to be explored. Further research is needed to determine whether the benefits of MMC on the reduction of HIV transmission aresustained in routine practice. [Full text article to follow]
Perceptions of Gambling in Tamil and Chinese Communities in Australia: The Role of Saving Face in Perpetuating Gambling Stigma and Hindering Help Seeking
Authors: Radermacher Harriet , Dickins Marissa , Anderson Christopher , Feldman Susan
Published: December 2016

Despite Australia being a multicultural country, there is limited evidence regarding ethnic perspectives about gambling, problem gambling, and associated help seeking. The aim of this paper is to examine the role and nature of stigma in relation to gambling, in particular its association with the concept of saving face. Interview data were thematically analysed from a study investigating the attitudes and experiences of gambling among ethnic minority communities (Tamil and Chinese) in Melbourne, Victoria. By using two well-established frameworks for understanding stigma, we examine the extent to which gambling is stigmatized within these two communities. The desire to save face (a form of stigma management) significantly influences what is said about gambling and the reluctance of individuals to seek help should it become problematic. Thresholds for stigmatized behaviour appear to differ between the communities studied, as well as from what is known about the Anglo-Celtic majority. Understanding this heterogeneity may be important for informing more effective, tailored interventions.Bien que l’Australie soit un pays multiculturel, il existe peu de données probantes sur les perspectives ethniques du jeu, le jeu problématique et la demande d’aide connexe. L’objectif du présent article est d’examiner le rôle et la nature du stigmate associé au jeu, en particulier son lien avec le concept de sauver la face. Les données d’entrevues réalisées dans le cadre d’une étude sur les attitudes et les expériences de jeu de membres de communautés ethniques minoritaires (tamiles et chinoises) à Melbourne, en Australie, ont été analysées par thème. À l’aide de deux cadres de travail reconnus pour la compréhension du stigmate, nous avons examiné la mesure dans laquelle le jeu est stigmatisé dans ces deux communautés. Le désir de sauver la face (qui est une forme de gestion du stigmate) a une grande incidence sur ce qui est dit sur le jeu et sur la réticence à demander de l’aide lorsque le jeu devient problématique. Le seuil de stigmatisation du comportement semble être différent dans les deux communautés étudiées, ainsi que de ce que l’on sait du stigmate dans la communauté majoritaire anglo-celte. Comprendre cette hétérogénéité pourrait aider à élaborer des interventions personnalisées plus efficaces.
Information needs of people living with HIV/AIDS in Kano State, Northern Nigeria
Authors: Stores F.S. , Gama U.G. , Tukur J
Published: December 2016

Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a disease that has social, economic, and political implications in Nigeria. It affects young people who are at their most productive age, thereby affecting the economic productivity of the nation. In order to achieve the objective of reducing the epidemic, the information vacuum about the disease that exists among PLWHA needs to be investigated and subsequently bridged. Survey research method was used to undertake this study and a self-administered questionnaire was used for collecting data. The study showed that the PLWHA share different type of information which include health information and social information using various methods such as journals, magazines, AIDS newsletters and the internet, Physicians, friends, various agencies and groups helped to facilitate information sharing among the respondents. Lack of computer literacy and internet access were among the factors that militated against information sharing among the respondents. The PLWHA in Kano State should be encouraged to make a maximum utilization of pamphlets, AIDS newsletters, and the internet because these items contain vital information including recent and up to date knowledge on HIV/AIDS, and modalities for its treatment and control.
Commercial fish price shock behaviour in Akwa Ibom State, Southern Nigeria
Authors: Sunday Brownson Akpan , Edet Joshua Udoh , Inimfon Vincent Patrick
Published: December 2016

Producer – consumer price behaviour in the long run depends on several factors. This study tested for the long run price adjustment behaviour between the producer price of captured fish and its urban or retailed price in the Southern region of Nigeria. Monthly  price of low quality fresh fish; high quality fresh fish; low quality dry fish; high quality dry fish; imported fish; cocokle, periwinkle, dry Bonga fish; and dried cray fish were used in the study. The study covers the period from January 2004 to December 2014. The study used the Engle –Granger (1987) and Enders - Siklos (2001) methodologies to verify the symmetric and asymmetric price relationship between the source (fisherman price) and its corresponding urban price alone the food chain. The result confirmed significant short and long run market integration between the source and its corresponding urban price. However, the source price equilibrium in the long run followed asymmetric adjustment with respect to urban prices in cockle and periwinkle; whereas symmetric adjustments were obtained from prices of low quality fresh fish; high quality fresh fish; low quality dry fish; high quality dry fish; imported fish; dry Bonga fish; and dried cray fish. The symmetric price adjustment was not instantaneous, while the asymmetric price relationship showed persistent positive shock in the long run. It is suggested that, fish market/industry in the study area has problems that need intervention in order to remove price distortion in the long run. Issues such contract fishing, large intermediaries in the marketing chain, unnecessary market power and poor processing among others were mentioned. Hence, these issues need to be addressed adequately in order to achieve high efficiency in the local fishing industry in the region.Keywords: Market integration, asymmetric price transmission, symmetric transmission, fishery, Nigeria
Review of Courtyard House in Nigeria: definitions, history, evolution, typology, and functions
Authors: Markus B
Published: December 2016

The courtyard is one among the familiar concepts commonly applied in the design of buildings in almost all the Nigerian cultural groups. It is truly the traditional expression of Nigerian indigenous architecture. Its definition, historical evolution, functions and typology is worth investigating. Also, its adaptation to the contemporary architectural design and practice in different building typology in the Nigerian context will be studied. Different courtyard house studies were examined through Journal papers, conference papers and the literatures. These studies revealed that the use of courtyard in buildings (in Nigeria) is from time of old, and has become adaptive to contemporary architectural design and practice. It has almost similar form with different features due to the religious and cultural diversity of the Nigerian people. The paper concluded that, the application of courtyard in the Nigerian various traditional architecture has been influence by the religious and cultural requirements of its people rather than climatic conditions and, therefore, for the purpose of cultural preservation of the Nigerian various indigenous architecture, the courtyard concept should not be discarded in the contemporary architectural style but should also be based on the climatic and passive design strategies for the attainment of a built environment that has a sense of interrelatedness with its local conditions.Keywords: History, Courtyard, Typology, Functions, Adaptation
The effects of hair dressing effluent irrigation on soil chemical properties, germination and growth in maize (Zea mays L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp)
Authors: Albert E , Tanee F.B.G.
Published: December 2016

The effects of hair dressing effluent on soil chemical properties, germination and growth of maize and cowpea were investigated in pot experiment. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design of 3 effluent treatments (100 ml, 200 ml and 400 ml) and control with 5 replications at University of Port Harcourt Centre for Ecological Studies. Results showed that pH ranged between 6.8±0.2 – 7.5±0.4 for both control and treatments, total organic carbon (TOC) increased from 1.56±0.4% in control to 1.95±0.09 - 2.55±0.05% in treatments. Oil and grease increased from 24.20±2.64 ppm in control to 48.70±4.10 - 129.80±3.00 ppm in treatments. Germination percentage were 98% and 48% in control for maize and cowpea respectively and ranged between 84 – 88% and 12 – 32% in treatments for maize and cowpea respectively. Shoot lengths were 27.6±5.8 cm and 20.4±1.4 cm in control for maize and cowpea respectively and ranged between 29.1±4.1 – 32.2±1.0 cm and 18.5±1.7 – 19.8±7.8 cm in treatments for maize and cowpea respectively. Fresh weights were 100.4±7.5 g and 52.3±8.7 g in control for maize and cowpea respectively while it ranged between 97.8±2.9 g – 111.0±6.4 g and 42.0±5.1 – 58.2±4.0 g in treatments for maize and cowpea respectively. In conclusion, hair dressing effluent had no effect on soil pH but increased soil TOC and O & G. It had no effect on germination percentage of maize but reduced it in cowpea and no significant effects on shoot length and biomass accumulation of the test crops.Keywords: Effluent; Soil; Maize; Cowpea; Growth, irrigation
Cita con... Ilustrafic 2015: Crónica
Authors: Teimoy Xiana
Published: December 2016

La crónica de ILUSTRAFIC 2015 lleva el barniz ineludible de las sensaciones y el poso dulce que nos dejó la primera edición. Contemplamos esta edición con un filtro rosa y azul, dos de los colores presentes en el cartel que Ben Newman, ilustrador británico y ponente del congreso, diseñó para el congreso de este año.
Long-range transport pathways of tropospheric source gases originating in Asia into the northern lower stratosphere during the Asian monsoon season 2012
Authors: Vogel Bärbel , Günther Gebhard , Müller Rolf , Grooß Jens-Uwe , Afchine Armin , Bozem Heiko , Hoor Peter , Krämer Martina , Müller Stefan , Riese Martin , Rolf Christian , Spelten Nicole , Stiller Gabriele P. , Ungermann Jörn , Zahn Andreas
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Global simulations with the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) using artificial tracers of air mass origin are used to analyze transport mechanisms from the Asian monsoon region into the lower stratosphere. In a case study, the transport of air masses from the Asian monsoon anticyclone originating in India/China by an eastward-migrating anticyclone which broke off from the main anticyclone on 20 September 2012 and filaments separated at the northeastern flank of the anticyclone are analyzed. Enhanced contributions of young air masses (younger than 5 months) are found within the separated anticyclone confined at the top by the thermal tropopause. Further, these air masses are confined by the anticyclonic circulation and, on the polar side, by the subtropical jet such that the vertical structure resembles a bubble within the upper troposphere. Subsequently, these air masses are transported eastwards along the subtropical jet and enter the lower stratosphere by quasi-horizontal transport in a region of double tropopauses most likely associated with Rossby wave breaking events. As a result, thin filaments with enhanced signatures of tropospheric trace gases were measured in the lower stratosphere over Europe during the TACTS/ESMVal campaign in September 2012 in very good agreement with CLaMS simulations. Our simulations demonstrate that source regions in Asia and in the Pacific Ocean have a significant impact on the chemical composition of the lower stratosphere of the Northern Hemisphere. Young, moist air masses, in particular at the end of the monsoon season in September/October 2012, flooded the extratropical lower stratosphere in the Northern Hemisphere with contributions of up to  ≈  30 % at 380 K (with the remaining fraction being aged air). In contrast, the contribution of young air masses to the Southern Hemisphere is much lower. At the end of October 2012, approximately 1.5 ppmv H2O is found in the lower Northern Hemisphere stratosphere (at 380 K) from source regions both in Asia and in the tropical Pacific compared to a mean water vapor content of  ≈  5 ppmv. In addition to this main transport pathway from the Asian monsoon anticyclone to the east along the subtropical jet and subsequent transport into the northern lower stratosphere, a second horizontal transport pathway out of the anticyclone to the west into the tropics (TTL) is found in agreement with MIPAS HCFC-22 measurements.
WRF-Chem simulated surface ozone over South Asia during the pre-monsoon: Effects
of emission inventories and chemical mechanisms
Authors: Sharma Amit , Ojha Narendra , Pozzer Andrea , Mar Kathleen A. , Beig Gufran , Lelieveld Jos , Gunthe Sachin S.
Published: December 2016

Abstract. We evaluate numerical simulations of surface ozone mixing ratios over the South Asian region during the pre-monsoon season employing three different emission inventories (EDGAR-HTAP, INTEX-B, and SEAC4RS) in the WRF-Chem model with the RADM2 chemical mechanism. Evaluation of modelled ozone and its diurnal variability, using data from a network of 18 monitoring stations across South Asia, show the model ability to reproduce the clean, rural and polluted urban environments over this region. In contrast to the diurnal average, the modelled ozone mixing ratios during the noontime i.e. hours of intense photochemistry (1130–1630 h Indian Standard Time or IST) are found to differ among the three inventories. This suggests that evaluations of the modelled ozone limited to 24-h average are insufficient to comprehend the uncertainties associated with ozone build-up. HTAP generally shows 10–30 ppbv higher noontime ozone mixing ratios than SEAC4RS and INTEX-B, especially over the north-west Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), central India and southern India. Further, the model performance shows strong spatial heterogeneity, with SEAC4RS leading to better agreement with observations over east and south India, whereas HTAP performs better over north and central India, and INTEX-B over west India. The Normalized Mean Bias (NMB in %) in the noontime ozone over the entire South Asia is found to be lowest for the SEAC4RS (~ 11 %), followed by INTEX-B (~ 12.5 %) and HTAP (~ 22 %). The HTAP simulation repeated with the alternative MOZART chemical mechanism showed even more strongly enhanced surface ozone mixing ratios (noontime NMB = 36.5 %) due to vertical mixing of enhanced ozone that has been produced aloft. The SEAC4RS inventory with the RADM2 chemical mechanism is found to be the most successful overall among the configurations evaluated here in simulating ozone air quality over South Asia. Our study indicates the need to also evaluate the O3 precursors across a network of stations to further reduce uncertainties in modelled ozone.
The role of highly oxidized multifunctional organic molecules for the
growth of new particles over the boreal forest region
Authors: Öström Emilie , Roldin Pontus , Schurgers Guy , Mishurov Mikhail , Putian Zhou , Kivekäs Niku , Lihavainen Heikki , Ehn Mikael , Rissanen Matti P. , Kurtén Theo , Boy Michael , Swietlicki Erik
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Secondary organic aerosol particles (SOA) are important climate forcers, especially in otherwise clean environments such as the boreal forest. There are, however, major uncertainties in the mechanisms behind the formation of SOA, and in order to predict the growth and abundance of SOA at different conditions, process-based understanding is needed. In this study, the processes behind new particle formation (NPF) events and subsequent growth of these particles in the northern Europe sub-Arctic forest region are explored with the one-dimensional column trajectory model ADCHEM. The results from the model are compared with particle number size distribution measurements from Pallas Atmosphere-Ecosystem Supersite in Northern Finland. The model was able to reproduce the observed growth of the newly formed particles if a small fraction of the emitted monoterpenes that are oxidized by O3 and OH undergo autoxidation and form highly oxidized multifunctional organic molecules (HOMs) with low or extremely low volatility. The modeled particles originating from the NPF events (diameter
Matching the Budyko functions with the complementary evaporation relationship: consequences for the drying power of the air and the Priestley–Taylor coefficient
Authors: Lhomme Jean-Paul , Moussa Roger
Published: December 2016

Abstract. The Budyko functions B1(Φp) are dimensionless relationships relating the ratio E / P (actual evaporation over precipitation) to the aridity index Φp = Ep / P (potential evaporation over precipitation). They are valid at catchment scale with Ep generally defined by Penman's equation. The complementary evaporation (CE) relationship stipulates that a decreasing actual evaporation enhances potential evaporation through the drying power of the air which becomes higher. The Turc–Mezentsev function with its shape parameter λ, chosen as example among various Budyko functions, is matched with the CE relationship, implemented through a generalised form of the advection–aridity model. First, we show that there is a functional dependence between the Budyko curve and the drying power of the air. Then, we examine the case where potential evaporation is calculated by means of a Priestley–Taylor type equation (E0) with a varying coefficient α0. Matching the CE relationship with the Budyko function leads to a new transcendental form of the Budyko function B1′(Φ0) linking E / P to Φ0 = E0 / P. For the two functions B1(Φp) and B1′(Φ0) to be equivalent, the Priestley–Taylor coefficient α0 should have a specified value as a function of the Turc–Mezentsev shape parameter and the aridity index. This functional relationship is specified and analysed.
Consultation in Special Needs Education in Rural Schools in Sweden– An Act of Collaboration between Educators
Authors: Pettersson Gerd , Strom Kristina
Published: December 2016

The article attempts to shed light on how the expertise of special educators can be utilized in classroom teachers' professional development at rural schools with a diverse student body. The study focused on the educational consultations that took place between the two types of professionals, namely the special educators and the classroom teachers, at three rural schools in three communities in northern Sweden. The special educators did not work at the schools. Rather, they worked at Community centers and ran the consultation with the aid of ICT or when they visited the schools. The multiple-case study describes and analyzes the a) context for consultation, b) how consultation is used to support the teachers, and c) the consultation strategies. The data collection methods were observations, interviews, and questionnaires. After the interviews were transcribed, the data were analyzed by thematic content analysis. The results show that the consultations were based on students’ needs, but the consultations focused on the learning environment more than on individual shortcomings. The two professionals collaborated and shared their professional expertise across professional boundaries. This boundary-crossing professional collaboration seems to deepen the consultation between the two professionals and enable them to work together to create a learning environment that supports all pupils.
Nietzschean Self-Overcoming
Authors: Mitchell Jonathan
Published: December 2016

The aim of this article is to provide a novel reading of Nietzsche's concept of self-overcoming and in doing so draw out some distinctive features of his thinking about ethics and ethical ideals. However this reading will be different from the work of those interpreters who read self-overcoming in terms of Nietzsche's will to power psychology. Rather it attempts to frame self-overcoming as a distinctive kind of re-evaluative, ethical activity. Section 1 explains what this reading of self-overcoming involves in terms of the idea of overcoming self-evaluative frameworks. Section 2 argues that Nietzsche's idea of achieving a standpoint “Beyond Good and Evil” serves as a central example of self-overcoming read in this way. Finally section 3 explores Nietzsche's remarks on continual self-overcoming and argues that this idea points towards what I will call the horizonal nature of “future moralities.”
Ethics as Social Philosophy: Nietzsche on Mutuality
Authors: Guay Robert
Published: December 2016

Nietzsche, I argue, did not have an ethical theory traditionally structured around impersonal (or self-interested) considerations with a strangely hierarchical content; his ethical thought, rather, is untraditionally structured around very conventional content—e.g., enmity, love, responsibility—considered relationally. Nietzsche, that is, takes the considerations that emerge out of the ways in which persons relate to each other as the primary subject matter of ethics. The main focus of reflection is accordingly what sorts of relationships we can have and how they might be sustained. Ethical reflection extends, furthermore, to the social world as a whole, as both interpersonal relationships writ large and the context in which more particular relationships are tenable.
Nietzsche's Orientation toward the Future
Authors: Stegmaier Werner
Published: December 2016

Nietzsche assumed that the time to understand him was yet to come, perhaps after one or two centuries. We cannot say whether this time has come yet because nobody can say that he or she understands Nietzsche as he wanted to be understood. But we can track what he wrote about his future and then draw our own conclusions. Although he often spoke about it, Nietzsche's future has rarely become a topic in Nietzsche research. It might however be especially important for younger generations. After a short review of Nietzsche's future in the twentieth century, which is already behind us, I thus unfold his semantics of the future and orientation toward the future. Then, I outline the future of thinking as announced by him in the fifth book of the Gay Science. Here, he speaks of the “music of life,” which philosophers and especially those philosophers committed to or fully lost in idealism are no longer able to hear. In a subsequent note, he expands the horizon of this music of life to a “music of the future” in “labyrinths of the future,” in which we have to learn to orient ourselves. The future of Nietzsche's thinking in the twenty-first century might be decided depending on Nietzsche's utmost enhancement of value orientation, with which he eventually breaks in his amor fati sign that no longer needs or wants a future.
“Why?” Gets No Answer: Paul Katsafanas's Agency and the Foundations of Ethics
Authors: Dannenberg Jorah
Published: December 2016

In this review, I consider Paul Katsafanas's attempt to provide a constitutivist defense of ethics, informed by his rich and original reconstruction of Nietzsche's theory of agency. In particular, I focus on the ambition to combat nihilism (conceived as a special brand of ethical skepticism), by offering a vindication of the authority of ethical values. I offer some reasons to question the viability of this strategy in general, as well as some considerations concerning the dispute between Nietzsche and Schopenhauer, which lead me to wonder about attributing such a strategy to Nietzsche in particular. Rather than reading Nietzsche as sharing the constitutivist's defining ambition, I suggest that contemporary ethical theory may have more to learn from Nietzsche's diagnosis of what the constitutivist is trying to do. Nietzsche's understanding of nihilism suggests that seeking irrefutable foundations for our values may itself be a symptom of, rather than the cure for, the kind of ethical skepticism that plagues us.
Normativity and the Will to Power: Challenges for a Nietzschean Constitutivism
Authors: Huddleston Andrew
Published: December 2016

In this article, I critically consider the Nietzschean version of constitutivism that Paul Katsafanas has recently developed. My focus, following Katsafanas's, is not on the exegetical issue of whether this constitutivism was indeed Nietzsche's own view. It is rather on the philosophical question of whether the view itself is tenable. Do actions have a constitutive aim, in the way that Katsafanas supposes? If so, what is that aim? From the putative fact that actions have a constitutive aim, what would follow about the grounding of normativity in general? Will this approach yield up a tenable metaethical theory? While Nietzschean constitutivism is an ingenious and original position, it faces some serious challenges that it will have difficulty answering in a satisfactory way.
Controlling bovine brucellosis in the state of São Paulo, Brazil: results after ten years of a vaccination program
Authors: Dias Ricardo Augusto , Belchior Ana Paula Cunha , Ferreira Rodrigo De Souza , Gonçalves Rita Coelho , Aguiar Ricardo Souza Costa Barão de , Sousa Paola Da Rocha , Santos Arianne Mastrangeli Amici , Amaku Marcos , Ferreira Fernando , Telles Evelise Oliveira , Grisi-Filho José Henrique Hildebrand , Heinemann Marcos Bryan , Gonçalves Vitor Salvador Picão , Ferreira Neto José Soares
Published: December 2016

A cross- sectional study was carried out, between May and November 2011, to estimate the situation of the bovine brucellosis in São Paulo State, 10 years after the commencement of the vaccination of the heifers with the S19 strain. The State was divided into seven regions and in each of them, 300 farms with reproductive activity were randomly chosen and considered as primary sample units. A fixed number of cows was randomly selected and tested for antibodies against Brucella spp. A farm was considered infected if at least one female tested positive. In the selected farms, an epidemiological questionnaire was administered which focused on herd traits as well as husbandry and sanitary practices that could be associated with the risk of infection. The prevalence (percentile, [95% confidence interval]) of infected herds was 10.2% [8.8-11.8] for the State, and for the regions, it varied from 7.3% [4.7-11.2] to 12.3% [8.8-16.8], not showing significant difference between different regions. The apparent prevalence of positive farms in the State and regions remained similar to the prevalence observed 10 years before. The prevalence of positive animals was 2.4% [1.8-3.1] in the State and varied from 1.1% [0.6-2] to 3.5% [1.7-7.1] in the regions, not showing significant difference between regions. Again, there was no difference in the prevalence of positive animals after 10 years of the vaccination program. The risk factors (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval) associated with bovine brucellosis in the State included number of cows ? 24 (3.08, 2.22-4.27) and the acquisition of breeding animals (1.33, 0.95-1.87). The São Paulo State should conduct systematic vaccination coverage of above 80% of the eligible heifers with the S19 strain vaccine annually. Moreover, the State should emphatically use RB51 strain vaccine in females above 8 months of age not vaccinated with S19 strain vaccine. An efficient animal health education program to orientate farmers to test replacement animals for brucellosis prior to introduction in their herds should also be implemented.
Prevalence and risk factors for bovine tuberculosis in the State of Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Bahiense Luciana , Ávila Luciana Niedersberg de , Bavia Maria Emília , Amaku Marcos , Dias Ricardo Augusto , Grisi-Filho José Henrique Hildebrand , Ferreira Fernando , Telles Evelise Oliveira , Gonçalves Vitor Salvador Picão , Heinemann Marcos Bryan , Ferreira Neto José Soares
Published: December 2016

An epidemiological study was carried out in order to characterize the bovine tuberculosis situation and to support the planning and implementation of the National Program for the Control and Eradication of Bovine Tuberculosis in the State of Bahia, owing to the importance of the disease in causing economic burdens and its impact on public health. The State was divided into four regions. In each region, properties were randomly chosen and, a pre-established number of animals was also randomly selected; these animals then subjected to the intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin diagnostic test. Animals with inconclusive test results were retested with the same diagnostic procedure within a minimum interval of 60 days. Within each sampled property, a questionnaire was administered to verify possible risk factors for the disease. In the State, the prevalence of infected herds was 1.6% [1.0–2.6] and that of infected animals 0,21% [0,07; 0,60]. In the regions, the prevalence of infected herds and infected animals were, respectively, 2,0% [1,0; 4,2%] and 2,0% [1,0; 4,2%] in region 1; , 2,9% [1,5; 5,5] and 0,66% [0,20; 2,16] in region 2; 0,3% [0,04; 2,1] and 0,02% [0,002; 0,12] in region 3; and 0,6% [0,2; 2,5] and 0,05% [0,01; 0,20] in region 4. The risk factors associated with tuberculosis infection were dairy farm (odds ratio [OR] = 9.72) or mixed farm (OR = 6.66), and size of herd ? 18 cows ? 24 months of age (OR = 8.44). In conclusion, it is recommended that the State of Bahia implement a surveillance system for the detection of herds with bovine tuberculosis to certifying them in free herds, with special attention to dairy properties, and develop a solid program of health education so that producers test animals for bovine tuberculosis before introducing them into their herds.
Prevalence and risk factors for bovine tuberculosis in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Guedes Israel Barbosa , Bottene Ilda Francisca Neves , Monteiro Letícia Almeida Retumba Carneiro , Leal Filho Jamil Manoel , Heinemann Marcos Bryan , Amaku Marcos , Grisi-Filho José Henrique Hildebrand , Dias Ricardo Augusto , Ferreira Fernando , Telles Evelise Oliveira , Gonçalves Vitor Salvador Picão , Ferreira Neto José Soares
Published: December 2016

The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological situation of bovine tuberculosis in Mato Grosso do Sul. The State was divided into three regions, Pantanal, Planalto Norte, and Planalto Sul. In each region, properties were randomly chosen and a pre-established number of animals were also randomly selected; these animals were submitted to the intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin diagnostic test. In total, 17,121 animals from 938 properties were tested. In cases of inconclusive results, the animals were retested with the same diagnostic procedure within a minimum interval of 60 days. An epidemiological questionnaire was administered in the properties sampled to investigate possible risk factors for the disease. In the State, the prevalence of infected herds was 1.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72–2.37%) and that of infected animals was 0.035% (95% CI: 0.017–0.069%). Point estimates indicated a higher concentration of infected herds (2.61%; 95% CI: 1.31–5.15%) and infected animals (0.132%; 95% CI: 0.055–0.315%) in the Planalto Sul region, which has a predominance of dairy properties. The prevalence of herds infected with bovine tuberculosis was found to be associated with the production of milk, with technification in the mode of production represented by the use of mechanical milking. Thus, it is recommended that the State adopt strategies for the eradication of bovine tuberculosis, with the structuring of the surveillance system for detection and mitigation of infected herds, incorporating risk-based surveillance elements.
Prevalence and herd-level risk factors for bovine tuberculosis in the State of Paraná, Brazil
Authors: Silva Maria Do Carmo Pessôa , Gonçalves Vítor Salvador Picão , Mota Ana Lourdes Arrais de Alencar , Koloda Mariza , Ferreira Neto José Soares , Grisi-Filho José Henrique Hildebrand , Dias Ricardo Augusto , Amaku Marcos , Telles Evelise Oliveira , Ferreira Fernando , Heinemann Marcos Bryan , Alfieri Amauri Alcindo , Muller Ernst Eckehardt
Published: December 2016

Bovine tuberculosis is a zoonosis with worldwide distribution. Its control has a direct impact on public health and livestock production. This study estimated the prevalence of infected herds and adult bovines and evaluated risk factors associated with the presence of tuberculosis within herds in the state of Paraná. The state was divided in seven livestock regions and independent sampling was performed. A total of 1,419 farms were sampled and 16,045 animals were tested using the intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin diagnostic test. The apparent and estimated prevalence rates in farms and adult bovine animals were 2.15% (95% CI: 1.31-3.00) and 0.42% (95% CI: 0.04-0.81), respectively. It was not possible to state with 95% confidence that the disease prevalence in any region was significantly different from that in other regions. There were no positive animals in the western region, and the prevalence of positive herds and animals in the other regions ranged from 1.03% to 3.89% and 0.17% to 1.08%, respectively. The logistic regression model identified larger herd size (OR = 2.4) and mechanical cmilking (OR = 5.18) as risk factors associated with the presence of bovine tuberculosis. The combination of low prevalence with risk factors associated to larger herds and more intensive dairy farming, renders the state of Paraná a good candidate for the implementation of industry-based free-herd accreditation schemes and makes a case for planning risk-based surveillance targeted at major dairy basins.
Mathematical modeling of bovine brucellosis control using the RB51 vaccine
Authors: Souza Vanessa Aparecida Feijó de , Ferreira Neto José Soares , Amaku Marcos , Dias Ricardo Augusto , Telles Evelise Oliveira , Grisi-Filho José Henrique Hildebrand , Heinemann Marcos Bryan , Ferreira Fernando
Published: December 2016

The Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply established the National Program for Control and Eradication of Brucellosis and Tuberculosis (PNCEBT) in 2001. One of the main strategies adopted by the program is the mandatory vaccination of heifers between three and eight months of age with the B19 strain. In 2007, Brazil allowed the use of RB51 vaccine in bovine females over 8 months of age as an option for the producer, but kept the B19 strain as a mandatory vaccine. This decision is based on the assumption that combining the two vaccines allows to achieve significant vaccination coverage sooner and, consequently, accelerates the fall speed of prevalence. Thus, this study aimed to measure the impact of the combined use of these two vaccines in reducing the prevalence, using as a tool the mathematical modeling. It was concluded that vaccination by RB51, if adopted as a complement to vaccination by B19, mean decrease in the prevalence of bovine brucellosis in less time.
Cattle movement network, herd size, and bovine brucellosis in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil
Authors: Cipullo Rafael Ishibashi , Grisi-Filho José Henrique Hildebrand , Dias Ricardo Augusto , Ferreira Fernando , Ferreira Neto José Soares , Gonçalves Vitor Salvador Picão , Marques Fernando Silveira , Negreiros Rísia Lopes , Ossada Raul , Amaku Marcos
Published: December 2016

The aims of the present study were to compare centrality and other measures of bovine movement networks in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, in 2007, by examination of the positive and negative herds identified in the brucellosis survey conducted in 2003. In addition, we aimed to examine the association between herd size (measured by the number of females older than 24 months, denoted FEM24+) and animal trade between herds. We found a statistical association between brucellosis occurrence and both the total degree (number of traded animals) and out-degree (for the number of animals sold and the number of neighboring herds). This finding suggests that positive herds in the 2003 survey were trading (particularly selling) more frequently in 2007 than negative herds, thereby presumably increasing the risk of disease spread. Statistical differences observed (p-values) in the network of movements for reproduction purposes were more significant than those observed in other networks for average herd size; degrees of animals, batches, and neighbors; outdegree of neighbors; and betweenness. We found positive associations (p < 0.001) between the following variables: number of traded animals and the FEM24+ herd size; FEM24+ herd size and FEM24+ herd size of neighbors within the network of cattle movement; FEM24+ herd size of neighbors and number of traded animals; and weighted degree (animals) of neighbors and degree (animals) of the herd of origin. A comparison of positive and negative herds stratified by herd size (? 10 FEM24+; 11-50 FEM24+; and > 50 FEM24+), within the network of movements for reproduction purposes, revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) in the > 50 FEM24+ category only, for average herd size, total degree (animals, batches, and neighbors), outdegree (animals, batches, and neighbors), and outcloseness. Logistic regression analysis, in which average herd size and degree (animals) were both factors, showed that a tenfold increase in herd size and the number of animals traded would lead to an increased chance of a herd being positive by 41% (OR = 1.41 [1.01; 1.99]) and 39% (OR = 1.39 [1.05; 1.85]), respectively. We concluded that the presence of bovine brucellosis is associated with a larger herd size, which is consistent with other reports. We also found an association between the increased trade of bovines and the presence of bovine brucellosis. Furthermore, an association was noted between herd size and animal trade, both of which could contribute to the spread of brucellosis.
O pós-positivismo e os princípios contratuais da boa-fé e da função social
Authors: Gorini Pivato Marcilei , De Cássia Resquetti Tarifa Espolador Rita
Published: December 2016

Com a entrada em vigor do Código Civil de 2002, foram inseridos no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro os princípios da boa-fé objetiva e da função social do contrato. O presente estudo pretende demonstrar por meio do método dedutivo e de uma pesquisa bibliográfica aplicada, qual a influência que o pós-positivismo possuiu para a introdução desses princípios na legislação brasileira.
Mathematical Modelling of Spray Combustion-Numerical and Analytical Analysis with application to Engineering Science
Authors: Nave Ophir , Ajadi Suraju , Gol'dshtein Vladimir
Published: December 2016

In the present paper we applied two well- known analytical method to the problem of thermal explosion of monodisperse and polydisperse fuel spray. The methods are the method of integral manifold (MIM) and the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The MIM method used as a basic tools for the analysis of SPS system of ordinary differential equations which means that the physical/ mathematical model should contain a small parameter in the governing equations. The HAM is always valid no matter whether there exist small physical parameters or not in contrast to the classical perturbation methods which requires the existence of a small parameter in the system (in general this is not the case). According to the theory of HAM, the convergence and the rate of solution series are dependent on the convergent control parameter h. This means that this parameter gives one a convenient way to adjust and to control the convergent region of the solutions.