bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selection of Therapeutic Methods in Consideration of the Clinical Stage of Carcinoma of the Corpus Uteri in Japan
Authors: Yajima Akira , Toki Toshihiko , Tase Toru , Oikawa Naohiro , Suzuki Masakuni
Published: August 2010

A survey was made of the therapeutic methods used in Japan for carcinomas of the corpus uteri and their correlation with classifications of clinical stage.

In Japan surgical therapy is now the principal treatment for cancers of the corpus uteri in Stages I, II or III. Significant individual differences were found among the surveyed clinics with regard to surgical techniques in Stage I cases. The precise nature of these differences was investigated by subdividing Stage I cases according to length of uterine cavity and histological grade. Stage II lesions are most commonly treated with radical hysterectomy with lymphadenectomy; primary lesions in Stage III cases are also excised. In both Stage II and Stage III cases, postoperative radiation or chemotherapy is also normally undertaken.
Uterine Phlebography in Patients with Chronic Pelvic Pain of Unknown Origin
Authors: Punnonen Reijo , Lauteala Ilpo , Jalava Anneli
Published: August 2010

Uterine phlebography using the transcavitary technique was performed on 58 women suffering from chronic pelvic pain of unknown origin. The phlebography was pathological for 38 women. No significant differences between the right and left plexuses were noted. Congestive changes were located more frequently in the uterovaginal than in the utero‐ovarian plexuses. The nature of the complaints of the patients with normal and pathological phlebography was generally similar. Dyspareunia, however, was distinctly more common in connection of the pathological phlebography finding.
Ultrasonic Assessment of Cause of Genital Bleeding during Pregnancy
Authors: Hata Toshiyuki , Shin Keiko , Matsunaga Isao , Nagahara Yutaka
Published: August 2010

Of 87 pregnant women with genital bleeding who were examined in weeks 5 to 35 of gestation, ultrasound studies revealed abnormal echo‐free areas in 3 cases with blighted ovum, in 1 case with intrauterine fetal death, and in 13 cases with a living fetus. In 2 of the latter cases, the fetuses died later. Thus use of ultrasound is helpful in assessing progress of pregnancy and outcome for the fetus.
Ehlers‐Danlos Syndrome and Pregnancy: A Case of Uterine Rupture
Authors: Nakamura Yukio , Hada Yoshinobu , Sada Ikuko , Nagayama Masataka
Published: August 2010

The clinical aspects of pregnancy and delivery in a 24‐year‐old married primigravida with Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome (Type IV) are reported, as are the results of blood coagulation factor evaluation. The patient's father, who died of a myocardiac infarction, and 14‐year‐old sister also suffered from the same symptoms. Pregnancy‐related problems in the Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome are discussed.
Coagulation System in Toxemia of Pregnancy
Authors: Fuse Yoji , Fuse Kozue
Published: August 2010

We studied hematological changes in toxemia of pregnancy and obtained the following conclusion.

Toxemia of pregnancy is accompanied by a significant extension in bleeding time, a decrease in levels of fibrinogen and plasma factor XIII, significant increases in prothrombin time and active partial thromboplastin time, and significant increases in serum‐urine FDP, platelet aggregation and platelet spreadability as compared to normal gravidas.

Toxemia of pregnancy assumed an aspect of chronic DIC.
Biological Distribution of Oncofetal Antigen‐I (OFA‐I) in Gynecologic Tumors and Trophoblastic Tissues
Authors: Higuchi Masaomi , Takeuchi Shoshichi
Published: August 2010

Oncofetal Antigen‐I (OFA‐I) is a membrane antigen of human cancer cells that cross‐reacts with human fetal brain tissues. The presence of this antigen was examined in a variety of histological types of gynecologic tumors, trophoblasts and normal tissues.

A total of 22 tumors, 13 trophoblasts and 48 normal tissues were tested by IA absorption using patient's sera containing functionally mono‐specific anti‐OFA‐I. Ovarian carcinoma had the highest percentage of reactivity to OFA‐I (78%) followed by cervical carcinoma (40%). Conversely, this antigen was not detected in endometrial carcinoma (0%), normal trophoblast tissue (0%) or hydatidiform mole (0%) or in normal tissues from non‐cancer patients.

These studies show that OFA‐I is frequently detected in ovarian carcinomas.
Use of Bromocriptine in the Treatment of Gynaecologic Disorders
Authors: Pepperell Roger J.
Published: August 2010

Bromocriptine, an ergot‐alkaloid derivative which was marketed by Sandoz in the early 1970's at about the same time as prolactin (PRL) was able to be measured by new and sensitive radioimmunoassays, has now become the mainstay of treatment for patients with hyperprolactinaemia, with or without pituitary tumour, and for a number of other gynaecological disorders. Although it is spectacularly effective in patients with elevated PRL levels, its usefulness in patients with normal PRL levels is not so clear.

This review aims to provide the reader with information concerning the current usefulness of bromocriptine in the treatment of various gynaecologic disorders, but does not attempt to evaluate its usefulness for non‐gynaecologic conditions such as acromegaly, disordered spermatogenesis, impotence or Parkinson's disease.
Testicular Feminisation and a Pelvic Mass: Case Report of an Unusual Presentation
Authors: Dalrymple J. Christopher , Robertson Robert D. , Picker Richard H. , Grudzinskas Jurgis G.
Published: August 2010

Testicular feminisation is a well recognized syndrome of female phenotype with male karyotype and gonads. Adnexal cysts have been reported in patients with this syndrome although usually only in those aged more than thirty years. An unusual case is reported where a young patient (age 20) presented with abdominal pain from a large adnexal cyst. Ultrasound examination facilitated the diagnosis by confirming the cystic nature of the mass and failing to demonstrate normal Mullerian elements in the pelvis.
An Evaluation of Ultrasonic Fetal Weight Prediction in a Chinese Population Using Established Charts on Abdominal Circumference and Biparietal Diameter
Authors: Wan C. W. , Woo J. S. K.
Published: August 2010

The accuracy of in utero fetal weight prediction employing a multiple regression equation involving the biparietal diameter and abdominal circumference was evaluated in 101 Chinese patients. The coefficient of correlation between the actual and estimated weight was 0.9825. The absolute mean error was 3.4%, 94% of the estimates fell within 10% of the actual birth weight and the distribution of over and underestimates was well balanced along the whole range of weights. It was concluded that the use of such established equations can be a very practical and accurate method for fetal weight prediction in the Chinese population.
Aromatization of Androstenedione to Estrogen by Human Fetal Tissues in Vitro
Authors: Yamamoto Takara , Sakai Chiaki , Okada Hiroji
Published: August 2010

The capacity of various human fetal tissues (lung, liver, stomach, small intestine and kidney) to aromatize androstenedione to estrone and estradiol was investigated. Although aromatase activity for androstenedione was observed in all fetal tissues, their conversion rates varied significantly, the highest rate of conversion being observed in the liver tissue. Estrone rather than estradiol was the major product of biosynthesis.
Cell Biology of Choriocarcinoma
Authors: Takamizawa Hiroyoshi , Sekiya Souei
Published: August 2010

Although a striking heterogeneity is observed among choriocarcinoma cells are unique in that they express two sets of cell biological characteristics: (1) normal gene expression as observed in normal trophoblasts, such as hCG production and secretion, sex steroid biosynthesis, expression of placental isoenzymes and proteins; and (2) cancer specific characteristics such as malignant morphology and growth, chromosomal abnormalities, hetero‐transplantability and a conspicuous response to chemotherapeutic agents. To maintain such a wide variety of gene expressions, the choriocarcinoma cells require a large amount of genetic materials.
Effects of Magnesium and Catecholamines on Spontaneous Contraction of Pregnant Human Isthmic Myometrium
Authors: Kawarabayashi Tatsuhiko , Ikeda Masahiko , Sugimori Hajime , Nakano Hitoo
Published: August 2010

The spontaneous isometric contraction of human myometrium was recorded with regard to the stage of pregnancy, the run of muscle bundles and the resected part of the muscle. Then, the effects of noradrenaline, terbutaline or magnesium and the relationship between β‐inhibition and Mg2+ were also studied. Electrical activities were recorded by the single sucrose‐gap method.

Maximum tension, frequency and half‐duration of contractions were not significantly different among all specimens. Maximum tension was smaller than longitudinal muscle and larger than circular muscle of the term‐pregnant rat.

Noradrenaline (10‐12 ‐ 10‐6 g/ml) exhibited α‐excitation and terbutaline (10‐8 ‐ 10‐6 g/ml) caused β‐inhibition in a dose dependent manner. Magnesium inhibited spontaneous contraction and decreased the gradient of pacemaker potential and the duration of each action potential. Furthermore, β‐inhibition of terbutaline was progressively potentiated with the increase in external Mg2+ concentration, and Mg2+ rich media shifted the dose‐response curve of terbutaline to the left.

The results indicate that human myometrium might be composed of plural muscle bundles with different characteristics and have both α‐ and β‐ adrenoceptors (α‐predominant); they also suggest that Mg2+ inhibits spontaneous contraciton by affecting membrane activities and that it enhances the effect of terbutaline.
Lobulated Polycystic Ovary with Huge Parovarian Cyst
Authors: Kim Doo‐Sang , Moon Hyung , Kim Moon‐Shin , Kim Sung‐Whan
Published: August 2010

During laparotomy for a huge parovarian cyst, unusually large bilateral lobulated ovarian cysts were noted. And lobulated ovary is one of the rarest gynecologic abnormalities. Although obesity and hirsutism were absent and the results of the endocrine test were within normal range, polycystic ovarian disease was highly suspected due to the pathologic findings and elevated LH/FSH ratio.
Fetal Weight and Premature Rupture of the Membranes in Preterm Delivery
Authors: Lee Sub‐Long , Lee Jau‐Nan
Published: August 2010

One hundred and seven pregnant women who delivered babies before 38 weeks of gestation were studied. There were 44 patients (41.1%) with premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) while 63 patients (58.9%) not. The preterm delivery were responsible for 58.3% of the perinatal mortality. However, there was no significant correlation between the incidence of PROM and maternal complications. It is also noted that PROM was significantly higher in those women with previous experience of PROM and, furthermore, the higher fetal weight appeared to associate with higher incidence of PROM after 34 weeks of gestation.
Effects of Oxytocin and Prostaglandin F2α on Pregnant Human Myometrium Recorded by the Single Sucrose‐Gap Method –Comparison of an in vitro Experiment and an in vivo Trial–
Authors: Kawarabayashi Tatsuhiko , Sugimori Hajime
Published: August 2010

Effects of oxytocin and prostaglandin F2α on the electrical and mechanical activities of the pregnant human isthmic myometrium were investigated by a single sucrose‐gap method.

Human isthmic myometrium obtained at the late stage of gestation showed plateau‐ and spike‐type action potentials. Both oxytocin and PGF2α potentiated the spontaneous contractions by affecting the plateau part of action potentials; spike‐type configurations became plateaus. However, high dosages of both drugs were required to obtain consistent excitatory effects in vitro. In obstetric practice, on the other hand, uterine contractions can be induced by low‐doses of oxytocin or PGF2α.

These results suggest that both oxytocin and PGF2α can increase spontaneous contractions by enhancing plateau potentials in vitro. However, the pharmacological application of oxytocin or PGF2α might only play a triggering role in uterine contractions at induction or augmentation of labor, and complex interactions might be involved in the initiation and potentiation of contractions in vivo.
Menstrual Fistula following Caesarean Section
Authors: Agrawal V. , Sapre S. , Shrivastava S. K. , Patil S.
Published: August 2010

Menstrual fistula is a ver‐ rare complication after caesarean section. In Kamla Raja Hospital attached to G. R. Medical College, Gwalior 5620 caesarean sections were done from 1972 to 1981 with no such complications. Hence, this case is reported.
Endometrial Ossification
Authors: Purwar M. , Deshpande A. , Jain L. S.
Published: August 2010

Irregular growth of bone was seen in the endometrial tissue after h‐sterectom‐ from a fortear old woman, four ‐ears after a therapeutic abortion. Implantation of fetal remnants into the uterine wall at the time of instrumentation has been considered as a source of heterotopic tissue.
Late Recurrence of Granulosa Cell Tumour
Authors: Pal S.K. , Chowdhury N.N. Roy
Published: August 2010

Stromal tumours of the ovary exhibit varying degree of malignant potential. Recurrence of the tumour long after the removal of primary one is not uncommon. In the present communication a case is described where total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingoophorectomy was done for unilateral well capsulated granulosa cell tumour of right ovary, at the age 40 years. Unfortunately there was metastasis at vulva 25 years after the primary operation.
Expectant Treatment Versus Conservative Treatment in the Management of Mild Endometriosis
Authors: Wong P.C. , Heng S.H. , MBBS Jothi Kumar , Tan E.L. , Yeoh S.C. , Ratnam S.S.
Published: August 2010

This is a retrospective analysis of 157 subfertile patients with mild endometriosis confirmed at laparoscopy. 80.3% of them were Chinese and the Malays and Indians accounted for 8.9% and 8.3% of the cases respectively. Most of the patients were in the 25–29 patients year old age group and their mean duration of subfertility was 4.3 years.

Ninety‐five patients were treated by either conservative surgery or medical therapy with norethisterone or danazol. The pregnancy rate' was 29.5%. 82% of these pregnancies occurred within 18 months after completion of treatment. 62 patients were not treated. The pregnancy rate was 38.7% and all of them conceived within 18 months from confirmation of diagnosis. Although the untreated group had more pregnancies, the difference was not statistically significant.

The authors propose that subfertile patients with mild endometriosis should not be treated but followed up for 18 months. Those who fail to conceive after this period may then be treated.
Pregnancy Outcome in Patients with Regular Menses
Authors: Brodribb James K.R. , Correy Joseph F. , Schokman Frederick CM.
Published: August 2010

49% of patients with regular menstrual cycles attending the infertility clinic at the Royal Hobart Hospital were found to be anovulatory. When other factors were sought, 18% of spouses were found to have an abnormal semen profile, an incidence shared equally between ovulatory and anovulatory patients. A significant number were found to have pelvic pathology in spite of previous investigations.

The overall outcome in terms of pregnancy was 56% in the ovulatory group and 47% in the anovulatory group. Of the 19% of patients where no cause could be found, the pregnancy rate was 57%. Continued attendance at the clinic resulted in a better outcome in both ovulatory and anovulatory patients. Whereas the pregnancy rate in anovulatory defaulters was considerably lower it was nevertheless 31% suggesting that the ovulatory defects in those patients with regular menses was of a temporary nature.
The Neglected Ring Pessary
Authors: Rachagan S. P. , Sinnathuray T. A.
Published: August 2010

Three cases of prolonged use of the vaginal ring pessary is presented. The complications arising from it are reviewed and the use of the vaginal ring pessary in present day obstetrics and gynaecology is discussed.
Differential Diagnosis between Uterine Myoma and Endometriosis using CA 125 as a New Tumor Marker of Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Takahashi Kentaro , Kijima Satoshi , Yoshino Kazuo , Shibukawa Toshihiko , Murao Fuminori , Kitao Manabu
Published: August 2010

For a preoperative differentiation between leiomyomata uteri and adenomyosis, we measured serum levels of the antigen CA 125, which is specific to ovarian non‐mucinous epithelial carcinoma, in patients with benign gynecologic diseases (39 leiomyomata uteri, 10 adenomyosis, 4 adenomyosis with leiomyomata uteri, 3 adenomyosis with external endometriosis and 4 external endometriosis). Using radio‐immunoassay (RIA) kit, we found the normal range of CA 125 levels to be below 34 U/ml. The mean CA 125 level (±S.D.) was 20.3 ± 10.3 U/ml in patients with leiomyomata uteri and 151.2 ± 157.3 U/ml in those with adenomyosis. The mean CA 125 level in patients with leiomyomata uteri was not statistically higher than that in disease‐free women. The mean CA 125 level in patients with adenomyosis was statistically higher than that in disease‐free women. Of 17 patients with surgically demonstrable adenomyosis, the CA 125 values were over 34 U/ml in 16 (94.1%). Three (75%) of 4 patients with surgically demonstrable external endometriosis had a serum CA 125 level in excess of 34 U/ml. Of 39 patients with surgically demonstrable leiomyomata uteri, CA 125 levels were below 34 U/ml in 37 (94%). CA 125 levels in patients with adenomyosis gradually decreased postoperatively and all were below 34 U/ml within four weeks. Using this approach, leiomyomata uteri and adenomyosis can be differentiated preoperatively and the response to treatment in patients with endometriosis can be monitored.
Synchronization of Uterine Contractions Recorded by Guard‐Ring Tocodynamometer
Authors: Nakahara Hiromasa , Kawarabayashi Tatsuhiko , Ikeda Masahiko , Uchiumi Yoshio , Sugimori Hajime , Nakano Hitoo
Published: August 2010

The synchronization of local uterine contraction waves recorded by external tocodynamometers was studied and the following results were obtained:

When two guard‐ring tocodynamometers were attached to the fundus and the caudal part of the uterus 20 cm apart, the synchronizing ratio of ascending points of the lower fifth of the contraction waves was significantly higher in the active phase than in the latent phase of labor.

Nearly regular upward or downward conduction of contractions between the fundus and the caudal part of the uterus was observed in each case.

The synchronizing ratio of peaks of small contraction waves was almost the same as the ratio in the active phase of labor.

The results suggested the necessity of re‐evaluation of the contraction curve recorded by the external tocodynamometer in view of the synchronization of contractions, instead of the amplitude, to control uterine contractions in preterm or term labor.
Endometrial Jet Washings in High Risk Women
Authors: Souka Abdel Razak A. , Chanem Aly , Hiba Nasr , Kamel Moustafa A.M. , Einen Moustafa A.
Published: August 2010

The endometrial washings from 50 women in the high risk group were obtained by the Gravlee jet washer. Specimens were examined cytologically and by the cell block technique. Confirmatory procedures as D & C or hysterectomy were done in 39 cases. The procedure was successful in all cases but insufficient specimens for diagnosis were encountered in 18% of the cases. Gravlee jet washing specimens studied by the cell block technique proved to be a valuable procedure for the detection of endometrial lesions. It is only when the washings are unsatisfactory that further confirmatory evidence is indicated.
Small‐for‐Gestational‐Age (SGA) Neonates: A Study of Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis
Authors: Fuse Yoji
Published: August 2010

The author examined 68 subjects with normal pregnancy and delivery for blood coagulation and fibrinolysis to determine the cause of birth of small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) neonates.

In the umbilical blood, the SGA group showed significant decreases in platelet count, plasminogen and alpha2‐plasmin inhibitor (p < 0.05), as compared with the appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age (AGA) and large‐for‐gestational‐age (LGA) group. In the maternal blood in the third trimester, the SGA‐neonate‐delivery group showed hypercoagulation, inhibition of fibrinolysis and platelet hyperfunction, as compared with the AGA‐ and LGA‐ neonate‐delivery groups. Particularly, prothrombin time significantly decreased (p < 0.002). There was a correlation between prothrombin time of the maternal blood and neonatal birth weight (r = 0.38446, p < 0.01).

The above results suggested that these changes in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis had an influence on the decrease in the utero‐placental blood flow, related to the birth of SGA neonates. It was also inferred that prothrombin time of the maternal blood in the third trimester can become a parameter for predicting the birth of a SGA neonate.
Assessment of Fetal Heart Rate Variability with Abdominal Fetal Electrocardiogram: Changes During Fetal Breathing Movement
Authors: Ohno Yohsuke , Tsuji Masamichi , Fujibayashi Hideko , Tomioka Megumi , Yamamoto Takao , Okada Hiroji
Published: August 2010

Fetal heart rate and beat‐to‐beat variability during fetal breathing movements were investigated by abdominal fetal electrocardiography. The mean (M‐RR) and the standard deviation (SD‐RR) of R‐R intervals and the percentage of absolute beat‐to‐beat differences below 2 msec (2 msec %) were measured by computerized quantification. Fetal breathing movements were associated with a significant increase in SD‐RR (from 8.73 ± 5.59 during apnea to 16.7 ± 5.67 during breathing) and a significant decrease in 2 msec % (from 44.1 ± 12.4 during apnea to 27.9 ± 8.65 during breathing). According to discriminant analysis, the 2 msec % was the best coefficient for classifying fetal breathing episodes. Thus the determination of 2 msec % is useful in assessing fetal heart rate variability by abdominal fetal electrocardiography.
A Topographic Investigation of the Site of Origin and Subsequent Propagation of Uterine Contractions in Spontaneous Labor and Their Clinical Significance
Authors: Takagi K. , Matsuura M. , Sakata H. , Takagi S.
Published: August 2010

This investigation involves the non‐invasive collection of data concerning the events associated with spontaneous labor contractions, by the utilization of computer processed abdominal surface potentials (ASP), graphically displayed two dimensionally as topograms.

Subjects were 19 healthy women volunteers experiencing normal pregnancies of 37—41 weeks duration who were admitted due to the onset of spontaneous labor. Sixteen of these subjects progressed to normal vaginal deliveries.

We were able to classify the electrical events displayed on the topograms into mono‐and multifocal origins of high power areas (HPA), with the monofocal origins leading to synchronous, and the multifocal leading to asynchronous patterns of bioelectric propagation.

We feel that the use of topograms may prove to be of clinical value in assessing the progress of labor.
In vitro Study on Thyroid Hormone Metabolism of Human Placenta in Early Pregnancy
Authors: Adachi Tomoko , Maeda Michiko , Nomoto Teruko , Tsukahara Fujiko , Sakamoto Shoichi , Takeda Yoshihiko
Published: August 2010

Thyroid hormone metabolism in human chorionic villi and decidua at 6—11 weeks of gestation, obtained at induced abortion, were studied.

The homogenates of chorionic villi and decidua were incubated with 20 mM DTT with outer ring labeled 125I‐T4, 125I‐T3 or 125I‐rT3. 125I‐compounds generated during incubation were separated by paper chromatography or thin layer chromato‐graphy and the radioactivity of each compound was measured.

Chorionic villi homogenates deiodinated the inner ring of active thyroid hormone, T4 or T3 yield the inactive iodothyronines, rT3 or 3,3′‐diiodothyronine and 3′‐monoiodothyronine, respectively. These results are similar to those found using term placental homogenate. Reverse T3 was also degraded in chorionic villi, while almost no deiodination of rT3 in human term placenta has been reported.

In decidua, deiodination of T4 and rT3 was not detected but inner ring deiodination of T3 was found.

These findings suggest that placental transfer of T4 and T3 to the fetus could be regulated, even prior to completion of the placental organ, via deiodination of these compounds.
Biological Characteristics of Cultured Endometrial Adenocarcinoma Cells and Changes in Their Characteristics Following Serial Passage
Authors: Ishiwata Isamu , Ishiwata Chieko , Nozawa Shiro , Ishikawa Hiroshi
Published: August 2010

We cultured variously differentiated human endometrial adenocarcinomas to study changes in their biological characteristics due to serial passage.

In primary cultures of endometrial adenocarcinoma, morphological features of the cultured cells were as well differentiated as the tissue differentiation in the original culture materials; with increase in the number of subcultures, however, the cultured cells turned gradually into uniformly poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma cells.

The growth rate was slightly accelerated with successive subcultures.

The modal chromosome number was stable at the diploid range.

The sensitivity to estradiol‐17β and progesterone decreased with successive subcultures.

The poorly differentiated cells after subculture again showed differentiation upon treatment of progesterone.
Microsurgical Reversal of Tubal Sterilization
Authors: Chang Yoon Seok , Kim Jung Gu
Published: August 2010

Three hundred and sixty patients underwent a microsurgical reversal of tubal sterilization. One hundred and eighty‐eight (57.2%) of these patients had been sterilized by laparoscopic cauterization. In the majority (66.4%) the reason for requesting reversal was a loss of child. The mean interval between sterilization and reversal was 39.3 months. The postoperative tubal length was 6 cm or more in 74.2%. One hundred and fifty‐one (60.4%) of 250 patients followed up for 14 to 59 months have achieved 181 pregnancies. The postoperative tubal patency rate was 88.3%. The mean interval between the surgery and the occurrence of pregnancy was 8.9 months. The success rate was analyzed according to type of sterilization procedure, duration of sterilization, site of anastomosis and postoperative tubal length.
A Prospective Study in 38 Patients with Abruptio Placentae of 70 Cases Complicated by DIC
Authors: Terao Toshihiko , Maki Masahiro , Ikenoue Tsuyomu
Published: August 2010

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) diagnostic criteria for obstetrics as a clinical scoring system were established.

These criteria, in which more weight was given to the underlying disease and to clinical findings than to laboratory parameters (coagulation tests), agree closely with the DIC diagnostic criteria of the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare.

Efficacy evaluation criteria for obstetric DIC were also defined to enable follow‐up of the clinical efficacy of DIC therapy. The clinical usefulness of these criteria was confirmed by comparison of infusion efficacy between AT III concentrate (Behring‐werke AG) and injectable FOY? (Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) for the 38 DIC cases with abruptio placentae collected here. The total score, FDP score, and platelet score were improved markedly in the AT III group compared with the FOY group.
Serum Levels of Norethisterone, Estradiol and Progesterone after Administration of Norethisterone Oenanthate at Different Sites: A Cross‐Over Study
Authors: Virutamasen Pramuan , Dhanapas Siriporn , Leepipatpaiboon Samai
Published: August 2010

Twenty healthy female volunteers were enrolled of this study. The subjects were randomly divided into 10 for each group. One group received a single injection of norethisterone oenanthate (NET‐EN) via gluteal muscle, the rest received NET‐EN via deltoid muscle. The study had a cross‐over design and after the first injection period of 8 weeks, there was a steroid‐free period of 8 weeks. Blood samples were collected weekly. The serum concentration of norethisterone, estradiol and progesterone were measured by radioimmunoassay. It was found that the elimination rate constant, Tl/2 and area under the curve for the gluteal and deltoid group were not significantly different. The peak levels of NET in the serum was somewhat high in the deltoid injection group. The ovarian suppression with NET‐EN in some women may last only 60 days or less.
Chorioangioma of the Placenta: A Case Report
Authors: Raman S. , Rachagan S. P. , Ng K. B. , Peh S. C.
Published: August 2010

Following a quick vaginal delivery of a preterm infant, the placenta was delivered with some difficulty. A globular mass approximately 10 cm in diameter was seen attached to the maternal surface of the placenta by large veins. Histology revealed it to be a large chorioangioma. This tumour was asymptomatic and there were no maternal or fetal complications.
C‐Band Polymorphism of Chromosome No. 1 in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Disease
Authors: Nur Jinnatun , Grewal M. S. , Guron C.J.S. , Buckshee K.
Published: August 2010

The C‐band polymorphism of chromosome No. 1 was evaluated in IS women (polycystic ovary disease‐10, normal‐5) using C‐band technique. In 8 patients one of the C‐segments was significantly smaller (in the ratio of C‐segment to the arm) than that of their homologues and in 2 cases both the C‐segments were of normal and equal size. The mean length of the C‐segments of one of the No. 1 chromosomes was 1.310; tm and that of its homologue was 1.125 μm, whereas in the control group the mean length of both the C‐segments was 1.220 μm. A positive family history of polycystic ovary disease could be elicited in 75% cases in one or more of the first and second degree relatives thus indicating that the disease runs in the family. It was further observed that 80% (8/10) subjects with polycystic ovary disease revealed significant heterochromatic aberration as apposed to only variations in the case of normal subjects.
Fetal Heart Rate Response to Scalp Stimulation as a Test of Fetal Well‐Being in Labour
Authors: Arulkumarany S. , Ingemarsson I. , Ratnam S. S.
Published: August 2010

Fetal scalp stimulation with an Allis' tissue forceps applied on the baby's scalp for 15 seconds was performed in 50 patients with suspicious or ominous fetal heart rate (FHR) changes on the cardiotocographic trace in the first stage of labour. The FHR response was correlated with fetal blood pH obtained from the scalp (FBS) shortly after the test. An acceleration of the FHR of at least 15 beats above the baseline for at least 15 seconds was regarded as a positive test.

Forty (80.0%) of the 50 fetuses responded with a positive test. Six (15.0%) had a preacidotic value (7.20–7.25) and 3 of them developed acidosis later and were delivered abdominally. Of the 34 with normal pH (>7.25) only one had to be delivered by a caesarean section (CS) for fetal distress later in labour. Ten (20.0%) of the 50 fetuses had a negative test; two were acidotic (<7.20) and 5 preacidotic. All had a scalp pH below 7.29. Six of them had a CS for fetal distress later in labour.

These preliminary results suggest that in cases with suspicious or ominous FHR traces if the fetus responds with an acceleration to a painful stimulus the risk of fetal acidosis is small. However, the baby might be preacidotic and careful monitoring and a repeat FBS may be necessary if ominous FHR changes persist or deteriorate. If the test is negative the risk of fetal acidosis or preacidosis is considerable (70.0%). FBS is the diagnostic method of choice in cases suggestive of fetal acidosis but a scalp stimulation test might be useful in institutions without facilities for FBS and in situations where a sampling of fetal blood is difficult.
Pre‐Operative Sonographic Assessment of Lower Genital Tract Anomalies
Authors: Mukhopadhyay J. , Ghosh A. , Ho P. C.
Published: August 2010

A 14‐year‐old Chinese girl with cryptomenorrhoea was found to have normal stature, secondary sex characters and external genitalia but a blind suburethral pouch 0.5 cm in diameter and a globular pelvic mass 6times4 cm in diameter. Ultrasonography indicated haematometra, left haematosalpinx, atretic cervix and vagina.

The diagnosis was confirmed at laparotomy. Total hysterectomy left salpingectomy and left ovarian cystectomy was performed.
Effect of a Calcium Antagonist (ICI 109,081) upon Follicular Steroidogenesis and Oocyte Maturation in the Golden Hamster
Authors: Matson Phillip L. , Collins William P.
Published: August 2010

The effect of a calcium antagonist (a derivative of dihydropyridazinone: ICI 109,081), upon oocyte maturation, and steroid production by pre‐ovulatory hamster follicles was determined. Sexually immature golden hamsters were injected with 40 iu PMSG, and pre‐ovulatory follicles (591–740 μm) were isolated after 72–78h. The culture of intact follicles in medium containing 1 μg/ml ICI 109,081 showed an increased output of progesterone (p<0.05). However, in the presence of LH, ICI 109,081 was seen to cause significant decreases in the output of progesterone, 17α‐hydroxyprogesterone and androstenedione (all p<0.05) with a significant increase in the production of oes‐tradiol (p<0.05). The culture of oocytes isolated 72h after PMSG showed significant reductions in the number of oocytes resuming meiosis when compared with controls (94%) for ICI 109,081 concentrations of 0.1 μg/ml (58%, p<0.05) and 1 μg/ml (32%, p<0.05). Smilarly, the pre‐treatment of animals with 3 mg ICI 190,081 lh before injection of 25 iu hCG, caused the ovulation of 96/98 ova with an intact germinal vesicle. The results suggest a role of calcium in the regulation of oocyte maturation, and as a mediator in the action of LH upon steroidogenesis by pre‐ovulatory follicles.
Sirenomelia: A Case Report
Authors: Pratap Sheela , Nalini V. , Rao Ravikala V. , Rao P.L.N.G.
Published: August 2010

Abstract

A case of sirenomelia along with its complete autopsy findings is reported. It is suggested that whenever a congenital anomaly is diagnosed prenatally, either by imaging technics or any other investigative procedures‐the option of termination should be made available to the couple to avoid any psychological trauma, which they may experience when such pregnancy is carried to term.
A Case Report of Bilateral Absence of Fallopian Tubes and Ovaries
Authors: Chan Clement L. K. , Leeton John F.
Published: August 2010

Abstract

A case of bilateral absence of ovaries and fallopian tubes is reported. This is the first case reported in the last 50 years. The patient was concerned about her fertility potential. The etiologies of this condition are reviewed and the past, present and future management of such a condition is discussed.
A Large Chylous Cyst of the Mesentery Simulating an Ovarian Cyst: A Case Report
Authors: Chin Shui‐Hiung , Gill Jaswant S.
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Mesenteric cysts are encountered in all age groups. These cysts present with bizarre clinical findings if large enough to be symptomatic, such as pain, a mass and acute or chronic intestinal obstruction. We experienced a rare case of a large chylous cyst of the mesentery. She presented with a huge abdominal swelling equivalent to a 36 weeks gravid uterus simulating an ovarian cyst. The cyst was successfully shelled out of the mesentery and excised. She made an uneventful recovery. Because of the infrequent pre‐operative diagnosis, a report of the case is presented.
Non‐Immune Fetal Ascites: An Appraisal of Etiology and Outcome‐A Clinical and Pathological Review of 35 Cases
Authors: Mir Nisar A. , Perlman M. R.
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Thirty‐five cases of non‐immune fetal ascites, seen over a period of 11.5 years, are described. Associated maternal polyhydramnios was present in 9 and antenatal diagnosis was established or suspected in only 8 cases. Causes of ascites observed were: circulatory and cardiac (11), urinary (5), chylous (4), hepatobiliary (3), storage diseases (2), malignancy (2) and gastrointestinal disease (2). No cause for ascites was identified in 6 infants. The overall neonatal and infant mortality rate was 60%. Common indices of adverse prognosis include: prematurity, hydrops, severe respiratory distress, hypoproteinemia, pericardial or bilateral pleural effusions and severe birth asphyxia. Clinical problems encountered in the management of these infants are also reviewed.
High Risk Factors for Cancer of the Endometrium among Japanese Women
Authors: Noda Kiichiro , Yanagawa Hiroshi , Kurihara Souju , Sugimoto Osamu , Takamizawa Hiroyoshi , Tenjin Yoshio , Okudaira Yoshio , Suzuki Tadao , Morizuka Takejiro , Moriwaki Shosuke , Matsuzawa Masumi , Ichinoe Kihyoe , Kasamatsu Tatsuhiro , Yajima Akira , Ishida Reisai , Hando Tamotsu , Nishiya Iwao , Kurano Akihiko , Ichikawa Kimiho , Kuramoto Hiroyuki , Inoue Yoshiki
Published: August 2010

Abstract

From a national survey on patients treated for cancer of the endometrium between 1980 and 1981 in Japan, it was found that the incidence of such cancers was 4.2 patients per 100,000 women (based upon approximately 2,500 cases). The mortality rate for endometrial cancer was 0.5 per 100,000 (based upon approximately 300 deaths).

Interviews were held with 232 patients with cancer of the endometrium and with women from 2 control groups. The women in the control groups were gynecological patients of approximately the same age as the endometrial cancer patients, thus allowing for analysis of the high risk factors in this form of cancer. The factors which showed significantly high relative risk of cancer of the endometrium were: (I) irregularity of the menstrual cycle after the age of 30, (II) postmenopausal state, (III) unmarried status, (IV) advanced age at first marriage, (V) no history of pregnancy, (VI) a small number of pregnancies or births, (VII) no experience of contraception, (VIII) sparse lactation, and (IX) history of hormone therapy. Other factors which tended to increase risk, but did not reach statistical significance were: (I) hypertension, (II) history of diabetes or non‐endotnetrial tumors, and (III) age of parents at the time of birth over 35. Factors which were virtually indistinguishable from those of the controls included: (I) body weight, (II) irregularity of the menstrual cycle prior to the age of 20, (III) dysmenorrhea, (IV) tobacco usage, (V) alcohol usage, and (VI) dietary habits (consumption of meat, eggs and fruit).
Labor Control under Epidural Anesthesia: Placental Transfer and Newborn Metabolism of Local Anesthetics
Authors: Fuchi Isao , Noda Kiichiro
Published: August 2010

Abstract

This study was designed to determine which of 4 local anesthetics used for labor control under epidural analgesia, had the least influence upon fetuses and newborns. Comparisons were made using 4 common clinical local anesthetics. Placental transfer was calculated by comparing drug concentrations in the mother's venous blood immediately after delivery to those in the umbilical venous blood of the fetuses or newborns. The ratio for lidocaine was 39.1%; for prilocaine, 93.9%; for bupivacaine, 37.5%; and for mepivacaine, 45.4%. Lidocaine was detectable in the blood of newborns for up to 6 hours after birth, prilocaine for up to 4 hours, bupivacaine for up to 24 hours, although at minimal levels, and mepivacaine for more than 24 hours after birth.
The Effect of a Serine Proteinase Inhibitor on DIC in Septic Abortion
Authors: Takeda Satoru , Kumc Masao , Takechi Kimihiro , Kasamatsu Takahiro , Yoshida Koji , Kinoshita Katsuyuki , Mizuno Masahiko , Sakamoto Shoichi
Published: August 2010

Abstract

A 21‐year‐old woman developed septic shock complicated by acute renal insufficiency after D & C to terminate early pregnancy.

Although immediate and aggressive treatment improved the profound cardiovascular collapse, DIC became manifest. Gabexate mesilate, a serine proteinase inhibitor, was substituted for heparin and was beneficial in controlling the coagulopathy. In this case study, the efficacy of gabexate mesilate on DIC as well as the management and treatment of septic abortion are discussed.
Maternal Characteristics and Their Influences on Birth Weight in a Melanesian Population
Authors: Burrows R. F.
Published: August 2010

Birth weight of all clinic attending Nivanuatu was analyzed in relationship to the maternal characteristics of weight, height, age, parity, hemoglobin and weight gain in the pregnancy. In addition, the birth weight relationship was determined for gestational length, number of visits to clinic, and the timing of the initial visit to clinic. As in North American and European studies, the birth weight in this Melanesian population was influenced by similar maternal factors of prepregnant weight, weight gain, parity, height and gestational length.

The average patient delivering at Central Hospital, Port Vila was 24 years old, 158 cm in height, weighed 64 kg at first booking clinic and gained 400 g/week in the last half of her pregnancy. The patients started attending clinic at mid‐pregnancy and made an average of 6 visits to clinic. The mean gestational age of their infants was 40 weeks with a birth weight of 3,125 g.
Intravenous Tocolytic Therapy for Long Distance Aeromedical Transport of Women in Preterm Labour in Western Australia
Authors: Tsokos Nicolas , Newnham John P. , Langford Stephen A.
Published: August 2010

Transport of women in preterm labour in Western Australia is conducted in small fixed wing aircraft over distances up to 2,000 km (1,200 miles). In recent years β‐sympathomimetic inhibition of uterine activity has been employed to reduce the risk of delivery during transfer. This study reports the outcome of routine use of this therapy in which at times classical contraindications have not been observed. During 1983 and 1984, 99 consecutive maternal aerial transfers for preterm labour using β‐sympathomimetic drugs by infusion resulted in only 1 case of pulmonary oedema and 2 of maternal hyperglycaemia. There were no deliveries during the flights. The results of this study suggest β‐sympathomimetic inhibition of uterine activity for women in preterm labour is safe and efficacious therapy for long distance aeromedical evacuation in small aircraft.
Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Comparative Study of Surgical Treatment by the Marshall‐Marchetti‐Krantz Technique with Endoscopic Suspension of the Bladder Neck. Second Report
Authors: Palma Paulo C. R. , Soffiatti Suely A.W.D. , Almeida Sérgio C. , Pinotti Jóse A.
Published: August 2010

The authors compare the results of the surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) by the Marshall‐Marchetti‐Krantz technique with those obtained with endoscopic suspension of the bladder neck.

In Group I, 30 patients with SUI were operated on by the Marshall‐Marchetti‐Krantz procedure with a 84% success rate.

In Group II, 40 patients with SUI were operated on by the endoscopic suspension of the bladder neck (Stamey procedure) with 95% of cure.

The results described in this second report suggested that endoscopic suspension of the bladder neck is better than the Marshall‐Marchetti‐Krantz technique in the surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence.
Hysterosalpingography in Secondary Infertility
Authors: Khera Kamala Rani , Dhaliwal Lakhbir Kaur , Gupta Indu
Published: August 2010

A total of 848 couples attended our infertility clinic over a period of 4 years. Two hundred forty‐eight complained of secondary infertility of which 63.7% had an abnormal hysterosalpingographic finding. The abnormal hysterosalpingography (HSG) was seen to increase with an increase in age and duration of infertility. Of the subjects with previous viable delivery, 41.6% had normal HSG whereas 38.1% with previous spontaneous abortion and only 11.5% with previous induced abortion had a normal HSG. Uterine abnormality was 2 and a half times in the cases with spontaneous abortion than in cases who had previous viable delivery. Tubal blocks were detected more in secondary infertility group whereas congenital uterine abnormalities were more in primary infertility group. Bilateral tubal blocks were more common in cases who had an abortion followed by sepsis.
Parity and Susceptibility to Rubella in Pregnant Women in Japan
Authors: Nakazono Naoki , Fujimoto Seiichiro , Sugawara Takashi , Ichinoe Kihyoe , Kondo Kiyotaro
Published: August 2010

This study investigated how parity of women influence their susceptibility to rubella among 4,601 Japanese pregnant women. The greater part of these women had not received rubella vaccine. The prevalence rate of rubella HI antibody was generally the lowest in the nulliparous women and it also increased with increasing maternal parity.
Abnormal Antepartum Fetal Heart Rate in High Risk Pregnancies with Good Fetal Outcome
Authors: Sadovsky Eliahu , Reifen Ela , Reifen Ram , Ohel Gonen
Published: August 2010

A consecutive study of 698 pregnant women for the incidence of abnormal fetal heart rate (FHR) in 2 groups of high risk pregnancy (HRP) with good outcome is presented. Group A consisted of 480 cases, with mild high risk pregnancies in whom a low rate of fetal distress was expected, and group B consisted of 218 cases, of a more severe type of high risk pregnancies in whom a higher rate of fetal distress was expected due to possible fetoplacental unit insult. Both groups combined had a 16.8% rate of pathological FHR. In group A the rate of pathological FHR was 12.3% whereas in group B it was 26.6%. This difference was statistically significant. The most common FHR pathology in group A was loss of variability (36.5%). In group B the most common pathology was FHR decelerations (37%). The demonstration of higher rates of abnormal FHR record in the more severe group of HRP, despite the fact that in all cases the outcome was good, may suggest that a pathological pattern even if sporadic, may represent an early sign of fetal distress which cannot be appreciated by using the conventional criteria of outcome in pregnancy.
Observations on Thyroid Hormones in Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Authors: Lao Terence T. , Chin Robert K. H. , Panesar Nirmal S. , Swaminathan Ramasamyiyer
Published: August 2010

Abnormal thyroid function has been reported in pregnancies complicated by hyperemesis gravidarum. This paper reports on the preliminary observations on the thyroid function at the time of presentation in 51 consecutively admitted hyperemetic patients. Elevated total thyroxine concentration (above our laboratory reference range for pregnancy) was found in 45.1% of hyperemetic patients, and these patients had in association significantly elevated total and free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine concentrations, while the thyroxine binding globulin and thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations were similar to the rest of the hyperemetic patients. In the whole group, there were significant correlations between the total and free thyroid hormones. The results suggest that a form of mild but unequivocal hyperthyroidism is present in hyperemetic patients on admission. The likely aetiological factor of the hyperthyroidism is discussed.
Activity of Peritoneal Macrophages in Endometriosis
Authors: Samejima Tetsuro , Masuzaki Hideaki , Ishimaru Tadayuki , Yamabe Tooru
Published: August 2010

The mechanism of infertility in women with endometriosis is still largely unclear. It is thought that peritoneal macrophages increase in number in women with endometriosis and that the macrophages phagocytize sperm or the fertilized ovum, leading to infertility. We examined the levels of phagocytosis by peritoneal macrophages in patients with and without endometriosis using a flow cytometric assay. The level of phagocytosis in the control group was significantly lower than in the group with endometriosis. Quantitative results on the level of phagocytosis by peritoneal macrophages suggest that peritoneal macrophages are one of the factors contributing to infertility associated with endometriosis.