bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lung cancer in symptomatic patients presenting in primary care: a systematic review of risk prediction tools
Authors: Schmidt-Hansen Mia , Berendse Sabine , Hamilton Willie , Baldwin David R
Published: May 2017

Background

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths. Around 70% of patients first presenting to specialist care have advanced disease, at which point current treatments have little effect on survival. The issue for primary care is how to recognise patients earlier and investigate appropriately. This requires an assessment of the risk of lung cancer.

Aim

The aim of this study was to systematically review the existing risk prediction tools for patients presenting in primary care with symptoms that may indicate lung cancer

Design and setting

Systematic review of primary care data.

Method

Medline, PreMedline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ISI Proceedings (1980 to March 2016) were searched. The final list of included studies was agreed between two of the authors, who also appraised and summarised them.

Results

Seven studies with between 1482 and 2 406 127 patients were included. The tools were all based on UK primary care data, but differed in complexity of development, number/type of variables examined/included, and outcome time frame. There were four multivariable tools with internal validation area under the curves between 0.88 and 0.92. The tools all had a number of limitations, and none have been externally validated, or had their clinical and cost impact examined.

Conclusion

There is insufficient evidence for the recommendation of any one of the available risk prediction tools. However, some multivariable tools showed promising discrimination. What is needed to guide clinical practice is both external validation of the existing tools and a comparative study, so that the best tools can be incorporated into clinical decision tools used in primary care.
Le feu et la mort : des structures de combustion associées à des sépultures à Tell Mozan (Nord-Est de la Syrie) au Bronze moyen
Authors: Kharobi Arwa , Buccellati Giorgio , Courtaud Patrice , Duday H.
Published: May 2017

L’espace funéraire de Mozan, situé dans la ville haute de la cité, est constitué de nombreux ensembles, chacun contenant entre cinq et neuf tombes. Au total, plus de 150 sépultures ont été découvertes, parmi lesquelles huit ont été retrouvées en relation avec des structures de combustion. Des indices de chauffe ont été identifiés à la fois dans le remplissage des tombes et sur les ossements. D’après ces observations, la question d’une activité rituelle liée au feu autour de ces tombes est posée. Pourquoi ces individus ont-ils été choisis ? L’approche bio-archéologique permet d’aborder différemment plusieurs cas issus du site de Tell Mozan. L’étude du profil biologique des individus concernés montre que leur choix ne fut pas aléatoire. En effet, l’utilisation du feu est liée à une sélection suivant l’âge et/ ou le sexe du défunt. Ces résultats permettent de discuter le fait que l’inhumation constitue une partie seulement du processus funéraire, auquel est ajouté «un rituel du feu » pour certaines sépultures.
A Review of the Scaffold Protein Menin and its Role in Hepatobiliary Pathology
Authors: Ehrlich Laurent , Hall Chad , Meng Fanyin , Lairmore Terry , Alpini Gianfranco , Glaser Shannon
Published: May 2017

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a familial cancer syndrome with neuroendocrine tumorigenesis of the parathyroid glands, pituitary gland, and pancreatic islet cells. TheMEN1gene codes for the canonical tumor suppressor protein, menin. Its protein structure has recently been crystallized, and it has been investigated in a multitude of other tissues. In this review, we summarize recent advancements in understanding the structure of the menin protein and its function as a scaffold protein in histone modification and epigenetic gene regulation. Furthermore, we explore its role in hepatobiliary autoimmune diseases, cancers, and metabolic diseases. In particular, we discuss how menin expression and function are regulated by extracellular signaling factors and nuclear receptor activation in various hepatic cell types. How the many signaling pathways and tissue types affect menin’s diverse functions is not fully understood. We show that small-molecule inhibitors affecting menin function can shed light on menin’s broad role in pathophysiology and elucidate distinct menin-dependent processes. This review reveals menin’s often dichotomous function through analysis of its role in multiple disease processes and could potentially lead to novel small-molecule therapies in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma or biliary autoimmune diseases.
Treatment of fly ash from power plants using thermal plasma
Authors: Al-Mayman Sulaiman , AlShunaifi Ibrahim , Albeladi Abdullah , Ghiloufi Imed , Binjuwair Saud
Published: May 2017

Fly ash from power plants is very toxic because it contains heavy metals. In this study fly ash was treated with a thermal plasma. Before their treatment, the fly ash was analyzed by many technics such as X-ray fluorescence, CHN elemental analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. With these technics, the composition, the chemical and physical proprieties of fly ash are determined. The results obtained by these analysis show that fly ash is mainly composed of carbon, and it contains also sulfur and metals such as V, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Ni, and Rh. The scanning electron microscopy analysis shows that fly ash particles are porous and have very irregular shapes with particle sizes of 20–50 μm. The treatment of fly ash was carried out in a plasma reactor and in two steps. In the first step, fly ash was treated in a pyrolysis/combustion plasma system to reduce the fraction of carbon. In the second step, the product obtained by the combustion of fly ash was vitrified in a plasma furnace. The leaching results show that the fly ash was detoxified by plasma vitrification and the produced slag is amorphous and glassy.
First total synthesis of kipukasin A
Authors: Li Chuang , Ding Haixin , Ruan Zhizhong , Zhou Yirong , Xiao Qiang
Published: May 2017

In this paper, a practical approach for the total synthesis of kipukasin A is presented with 22% overall yield by using tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-ribose as starting material. An improved iodine-promoted acetonide-forming reaction was developed to access 1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-D-ribofuranose. For the first time, ortho-alkynylbenzoate was used as protecting group for the 5-hydoxy group. After subsequent Vorbrüggen glycosylation, the protecting group could be removed smoothly in the presence of 5 mol % Ph3PAuOTf in dichloromethane to provide kipukasin A in high yield and regioselectivity.
A MODIFIED D NUMBERS METHODOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Authors: WANG Ningkui , WEI Daijun
Published: May 2017

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is usually evaluated by many factors influenced by various kinds of uncertainty or fuzziness. As a result, the key issues of EIA problem are to rep­resent and deal with the uncertain or fuzzy information. D numbers theory, as the extension of Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence, is a desirable tool that can express uncertainty and fuzziness, both complete and incomplete, quantitative or qualitative. However, some shortcomings do exist in D numbers combination process, the commutative property is not well considered when multiple D numbers are combined. Though some attempts have made to solve this problem, the previous method is not appropriate and convenience as more information about the given evaluations rep­resented by D numbers are needed. In this paper, a data-driven D numbers combination rule is proposed, commutative property is well considered in the proposed method. In the combination process, there does not require any new information except the original D numbers. An illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
Identification of Near-infrared [Se iii] and [Kr vi] Emission Lines in Planetary Nebulae∗
Authors: Sterling N. C. , Madonna S. , Butler K. , García-Rojas J. , Mashburn A. L. , Morisset C. , Luridiana V. , Roederer I. U.
Published: May 2017

We identify [Se iii] 1.0994 μm in the planetary nebula (PN) NGC 5315 and [Kr vi] 1.2330 μm in three PNe from spectra obtained with the Folded-Port InfraRed Echellette (FIRE) spectrometer on the 6.5 m Baade Telescope. Se and Kr are the two most widely detected neutron-capture elements in astrophysical nebulae, and can be enriched by s-process nucleosynthesis in PN progenitor stars. The detection of [Se iii] 1.0994 μm is particularly valuable when paired with observations of [Se iv] 2.2864 μm, as it can be used to improve the accuracy of nebular Se abundance determinations, and allows Se ionization correction factor (ICF) schemes to be empirically tested for the first time. We present new effective collision strength calculations for Se2+ and Kr5+, which we use to compute ionic abundances. In NGC 5315, we find that the Se abundance computed from Se3+/H+ is lower than that determined with ICFs that incorporate Se2+/H+. We compute new Kr ICFs that take Kr5+/H+ into account, by fitting correlations found in grids of Cloudy models between Kr ionic fractions and those of more abundant elements, and use these to derive Kr abundances in four PNe. Observations of [Se iii] and [Kr vi] in a larger sample of PNe, with a range of excitation levels, are needed to rigorously test the ICF prescriptions for Se and our new Kr ICFs.
New species records of Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) for the state of Rondônia in Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Carvalho Luis Paulo , Farias Emanuelle , Gil Luiz Herman , Pessoa Felipe , Medeiros Jansen
Published: May 2017

Culicoides biting midges are small insects that are proven vectors of pathogens that cause disease in animals and humans. There are 1,368 species of Culicoides in the world, including 149 species in Brazil and 122 species in the Brazilian Amazon Basin. This study documents specimens that were collected between 2013 and 2015 in the municipalities of Alvorada d’Oeste, Buritis, Cacoal, Costa Marques, Espigão d’Oeste, Guajará-Mirim, Pimenta Bueno, Porto Velho and São Francisco Guaporé. Collections were performed using HP light traps in forest, pasture and peridomicilie environments.

Species newly recorded in Rondônia State include Culicoides carpenteri Wirth & Blanton, 1953; C. dasyophrus Macfie, 1940; C. eublepharus Macfie, 1948; C. galindoi Wirth & Blanton, 1953; C. heliconiae Fox & Hoffman, 1944; and C. ignacioi Forattini, 1957. This is the first record in Brazil of C. darlingtonae Wirth & Blanton, 1971.
A Defence of the Essay of Human Understanding (1702) par Catharine Trotter, ou comment la théorie lockienne de l’identité personnelle sied aux femmes
Authors: Parageau Sandrine
Published: May 2017

À partir d’une analyse de la défense de l’Essai sur l’entendement humain de Locke publiée de manière anonyme par Catharine Trotter en 1702, l’article s’attache à évaluer le rôle de la théorie lockienne de l’identité personnelle dans la légitimation de la participation des femmes aux débats philosophiques. L’hypothèse examinée ici est la suivante : la définition de l’identité personnelle par la conscience, et non plus par la relation entre l’âme et le corps, a-t-elle pu être interprétée par les femmes de l’époque moderne comme un encouragement à philosopher ? Plus généralement, la philosophie de Locke a-t-elle été perçue comme favorable à l’activité intellectuelle des femmes dans un contexte patriarcal ? Afin d’apporter des éléments de réponse à ces questions, l’article propose également une comparaison de quelques aspects de la philosophie de Locke et de celle de Descartes.
Éditorial
Authors: Giblin Béatrice
Published: May 2017

Jamais les menaces sur l’Union européenne (UE) n’ont été aussi nombreuses. Depuis 2005, année de la non-ratification de la « Constitution » de l’UE par les Français, les Irlandais et les Néerlandais, la méfiance envers l’UE n’a fait que croître. Le Brexit en a été le signe le plus évident : jamais le scénario de la sortie d’un État membre n’avait été sérieusement envisagé. Deux facteurs majeurs alimentent la méfiance envers l’UE : une situation économique atone depuis la crise de 2008, contrecoup de la crise américaine des subprimes qui a provoqué en Europe une récession brutale aux conséquences désastreuses pour les pays économiquement les plus fragiles – et rendue encore plus difficilement supportable par la rigueur économique imposée principalement par l’Allemagne ; un sentiment d’insécurité né d’une crise des migrants et réfugiés à l’ampleur imprévue et qu’ont encore aggravé les attentats terroristes, la liberté de circulation dans l’espace Schengen apparaissant comme un risque supplémentaire. Le projet audacieux de l’UE ne fait plus rêver mais inquiète.
La stratégie d’influence informationnelle et numérique de la Russie en Europe
Authors: Audinet Maxime , Limonier Kévin
Published: May 2017

Le présent article s’intéresse à la stratégie informationnelle et numérique mise en place par la Russie à l’égard de l’Europe. Il étudie son contenu, ses instruments, ses infrastructures et ses techniques. Cette stratégie se divise en deux catégories complémentaires. D’une part, la diplomatie publique médiatique déployée par le gouvernement est représentée par deux réseaux multimédias internationaux, RT et Sputnik. Mobilisant anciens et nouveaux médias, ces organismes se conçoivent comme des sources « alternatives » visant à influencer les populations européennes à partir d’un discours souverainiste, illibéral et anti-atlantiste favorable aux intérêts de Moscou. D’autre part, la Russie s’appuie désormais fortement sur les réseaux numériques pour peser dans les jeux politiques européens. À l’heure où les États-Unis s’interrogent sur le rôle joué par Moscou dans l’élection présidentielle de 2016, il sera ici question des instruments économiques, politiques et techniques que la Russie possède pour exercer en Europe une véritable « cyberinfluence ».
La dérégulation bancaire et financière et ses conséquences, ou les contradictions de l’héritage reaganien en matière économique
Authors: Péréon Yves-Marie
Published: May 2017

Pilier de la « Reaganomics », la dérégulation illustre la volonté de rupture avec une tradition remontant au New Deal. S’inscrivant dans la puissante rhétorique reaganienne du « moins d’État », elle a inspiré les politiques publiques mises en œuvre par les successeurs immédiats du 40 e président. Mais la crise financière de 2007-2008, causée en partie par l’absence de surveillance des acteurs du marché, a contraint l’État fédéral à intervenir massivement pour éviter une crise systémique. Les leaders du GOP ont combattu le Dodd Frank Act de 2010, qui paraissait renouer avec la tradition rooseveltienne. Ils continuent à proclamer leur fidélité inconditionnelle à la politique de dérégulation, tout en dénonçant le coût des plans de sauvetage mis en œuvre par l’État-Léviathan de Washington.
Élites politiques et enseignement supérieur
Authors: Charle Christophe
Published: May 2017

Depuis 1968, malgré trois grandes lois principales et de nombreuses réformes intermédiaires, les problèmes de l’enseignement supérieur reviennent régulièrement au centre de l’actualité et suscitent débats, controverses et conflits. Les élites gouvernantes acquises à la nécessité des réformes démontrent en fait leur impuissance relative à les mettre en œuvre ou leur incapacité à anticiper sur les évolutions. Pour expliquer cette contradiction, l’article analyse les modes de recrutements des ministres en charge de l’enseignement supérieur de 1968 à 2012 et met en relation les décalages entre leurs profils et le centre de gravité des institutions que ces élites s’efforcent de réformer, source de tensions et de malentendus.
Les intellectuels et la crise de la démocratie
Authors: Chabal Emile
Published: May 2017

L’intellectuel français existe-t-il toujours ? Si oui, se positionne-t-il de plus en plus à droite ? Pour répondre à ces deux questions, cet article retrace les grandes lignes du développement de la vie intellectuelle en France depuis les années 1970, aussi bien dans sa forme (la médiatisation) que dans son contenu (l’émergence de nouveaux débats). Il analyse également l’avenir de l’intellectuel dans un contexte de crise démocratique mondiale afin de proposer une nouvelle définition de « l’intellectuel engagé ».
Europhobie : en finir avec les boucs émissaires
Authors: Bourlanges Jean-Louis
Published: May 2017

La construction européenne est associée dans l’opinion au fantasme d’un pouvoir confisqué par les élites du savoir, du pouvoir et de l’argent. Ce sentiment d’aliénation trouve sa source dans la récente unification capitaliste du monde. D’un côté, la mondialisation de la production et des échanges frappe de caducité le partage néolithique des pouvoirs entre États souverains juxtaposés. De l’autre, l’hyper-individualisme triomphant a ruiné les liens de confiance et de solidarité qui sont à la base de la démocratie représentative. Au-delà des tribulations de l’Union européenne, c’est donc à une crise générale des notions de bien commun et de lien politique que nous avons affaire.
Le Capital lu par Moishe Postone : alchimie ou astrologie ?
Authors: Bidet Jacques
Published: May 2017

Le livre de Moishe Postone, Temps, travail et domination sociale , (Postone 1993), se donne comme une interprétation hégélienne du Capital de Marx. Le capital est le grand sujet qui se meut lui-même sous la pulsion de la valeur. Son « mouvement » est référé non à des rapports de classe, ni au marché (supposé extérieur au travail), mais à la contrainte temporelle inhérente à une dialectique propre à la valeur, qui nous enchaîne tous dans un procès infini de travail abstrait. Le règne de la valeur détruit le monde concret des valeurs d’usage. Et cela jusqu’à ce que l’on prenne conscience de la contradiction entre ce qu’ est la société capitaliste et ce qu’elle « devrait être ». Un tel exposé, fondé sur une méthode consistant à interpréter cette œuvre à partir de son brouillon, les Grundrisse , négligeant les 15 années de réélaboration qui ont suivi, est, selon l’auteur, construit sur la base de multiples confusions concernant les concepts marxiens ici en jeu : travail, domination, valeur, valorisation, abstraction, production.
Le travail comme échange chez Saint-Exupéry : penser l’articulation des trois dimensions du travail
Authors: Guéry Bernard
Published: May 2017

Les apports pour la gestion de la conception du travail de Saint-Exupéry dans Citadelle constituent l’objet de cet article. Après avoir présenté le « schème herméneutique » (Sabot 2002), qui constitue le cadre méthodologique, le travail comme échange en gestion est brièvement présenté pour qu’apparaisse ensuite dans toute son originalité la vision du travail comme échange chez Saint-Exupéry. Il s’agit pour le travailleur d’échanger sa vie contre l’éternité, pour s’arracher aux prises du temps qui mène à la mort, en se transférant dans l’empire, via l’œuvre accomplie. Nous montrons comment, grâce à la pensée de Saint-Exupéry, une articulation organique des trois dimensions du travail du modèle de Gomez (2013) et envisageable. C’est, en effet, dans la réalisation d’une œuvre (objectif) contre un salaire qui permet de consommer, que le travailleur se donne plus profondément lui-même à l’empire (collectif), don qui le fait advenir à un être plus grand (subjectif). Cette articulation est alors propre à questionner trois éléments du contexte managérial : le lien entre le travail et la réussite de la vie, les difficultés des cycles courts de l’emploi, la prise en compte des parties prenantes.
Que veut Homo œconomicus  ?
Authors: Lapied André , Swaton Sophie
Published: May 2017

R. Robb (2009a) a initié récemment un rapprochement de la volonté de puissance dans la philosophie de Nietzsche avec la science économique et plus spécialement avec la modélisation du comportement des agents. Il a ainsi voulu mettre en évidence l’incompatibilité de l’approche économique standard avec la volonté de puissance, d’une part, et présenter des exemples supposés montrer que, dans de nombreuses situations, la seconde possède un pouvoir explicatif supérieur à la première. Cette thèse a suscité une controverse portant sur ces deux points avec J. J. Heckman (2009). Cette polémique présente de nombreuses lacunes dues à une conception superficielle et parfois erronée de la philosophie nietzschéenne, supportée par l’utilisation d’une source bien connue pour être fautive. Cet article vise à réévaluer la controverse, en se fondant sur le texte de Nietzsche restitué par Colli et Montinari. L’enjeu consiste à tirer une meilleure leçon de la philosophie nietzschéenne en matière de comportement des agents.
Customized Topography-Guided Corneal Collagen Cross-linking for Keratoconus
Authors: Cassagne Myriam , Pierné Kévin , Galiacy Stéphane D. , Asfaux-Marfaing Marie-Pierre , Fournié Pierre , Malecaze François
Published: May 2017

PURPOSE:

To compare the efficacy and safety of topography-guided corneal collagen cross-linking (TG-CXL) to conventional corneal CXL (C-CXL) in progressive keratoconus.

METHODS:

In this prospective, nonrandomized clinical trial, 60 eyes of 60 patients were scheduled to receive either TG-CXL (30 eyes with deepithelialization focused on the cone, riboflavin application for 10 minutes, and 30 mW/cm
2
pulsed ultraviolet-A irradiance pattern according to topography) or C-CXL (30 eyes treated in accordance with the Dresden protocol). Patients were observed for 1 year postoperatively. Maximum keratometry (Kmax), mean keratometry in the inferior part of the cornea (I index), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), demarcation line observed in optical coherence tomography, and nerves and cell densities analyzed by confocal microscopy were compared preoperatively and at 1 year postoperatively.

Results:

The difference was significant for both Kmax (
P
< .01) and I index (
P
< .01) between the two groups. CDVA improved significantly in the TG-CXL (0.2162 ± 0.2495 logMAR,
P
< .05) versus the C-CXL (0.2648 ± 0.2574 logMAR,
P
= .104) group. A stromal demarcation line was observed in both treatment groups, with similar depth at the top of the cone (
P
= .391), but it was shallower at the surrounding area in the TG-CXL group (
P
< .0001). Stromal evaluation by confocal microscopy showed less damage and faster healing in the surrounding area than on the cone area in the TG-CXL group.

CONCLUSIONS:

At 1 year postoperatively, TG-CXL seems to be as safe as C-CXL with stronger flattening in Kmax and I index and better improvement in CDVA. TG-CXL induces a biological gradient between the cone and the surrounding area that facilitates nerve and cell recovery.

[
J Refract Surg.
2017;33(5):290–297.]
Comparative Analysis of the Clinical Outcomes of SMILE and Wavefront-Guided LASIK in Low and Moderate Myopia
Authors: Khalifa Mounir A. , Ghoneim Ahmed , Shafik Shaheen Mohamed , Aly Mohamed G. , Piñero David P.
Published: May 2017

PURPOSE:

To compare the clinical outcomes of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and wavefront-guided LASIK (WFG LASIK) in eyes with low and moderate myopia.

METHODS:

This was a prospective, comparative study enrolling 110 eyes with low and moderate myopia (spherical equivalent ≤ 6.00 diopters [D]). Two groups were differentiated according to the surgical technique used: the WFG LASIK group included 51 eyes (51 patients) undergoing WFG LASIK using the STAR S4IR excimer laser and the iDesign aberrometer (Abbott Medical Optics, Abbott Park, IL) and the SMILE group included 59 eyes (59 patients) undergoing SMILE with the VisuMax platform (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany). Visual, refractive, aberrometric, and contrast sensitivity outcomes were evaluated during a 6-month follow-up.

RESULTS:

Mean efficacy index was 0.92 ± 0.11 and 1.12 ± 0.17 in the SMILE and WFG LASIK groups, respectively (
P
< .001). Postoperative spherical equivalent was within ±0.50 D in 81.54% and 98% of eyes in the SMILE and WFG LASIK groups (
P
< .001), and postoperative cylinder was 0.50 or below in 84.7% and 100% of eyes, respectively (
P
= .038). Mean safety index was 0.98 ± 0.08 and 1.20 ± 0.14 in the SMILE and WFG LASIK groups (
P
< .001), with losses of lines of corrected distance visual acuity in 6.8% and 0.0% of eyes, respectively. Higher increase in higher order (
P
< .001) and coma (
P
< .001) root mean square and higher decrease in contrast sensitivity for 6, 12, and 18 cycles/degree (
P
≤ .001) were observed after SMILE.

CONCLUSIONS:

SMILE and WFG LASIK are efficacious and safe procedures for the correction of low and moderate myopia, but WFG LASIK allows a more predictable outcome and better aberrometric control.

[
J Refract Surg.
2017;33(5):298–304.]
The Impact of the Virtual Laboratory on Students’ Attitude in a General Physics Laboratory
Authors: AÅŸıksoy Gülsüm , Islek Didem
Published: May 2017

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of virtual laboratory experiences in physics laboratory attitudes of students. It also aims to determine the views of students’ on virtual laboratory. The study involved 42 students who was divided into two groups (21 experimental, 21 control). Students were randomly assigned to both groups. In the research, the pre-test and post-test control group design was used. The experimental group used the virtual laboratory. On the other hand the control group used physical laboratory. The research data were obtained via the “physics laboratory attitude scale” and semi-structured interviews. The result of this study carried out that virtual laboratory experiences made positive effects on students’ attitudes. In addition, semi-structured interviews were found out that they had positive opinions regarding the virtual physics laboratory experiences.
Quality Assessment Framework for Mobile Health Systems
Authors: Naghizadeh Mohammad , Movahhed Mahsima Kazemi , Jedari Yashar Ghoflgari
Published: May 2017

Web-based, online social networking has received much attention from researchers in a variety of academic disciplines, with interesting issues addressed from different perspectives. Although Internet technologies play an instrumental role in the provision of the connectivity and message exchange capabilities that are required for the member interactions, the impacts of extensive usage of online social networks often are often on the non-technological aspects. This research investigates the driving forces of website loyalty, an issue of interest to both the individuals using the service for socializing and for the businesses deploying social networks as a serious technological tool for business promotion purposes. Using Facebook as the target of observation, this study evaluates the effects of social presence and social capital on website loyalty. The analysis reveals a positive influence of social presence on all three (structural, relational and cognitive) dimensions of social capital. Further, both the relational and cognitive dimensions of social capital have positive influence on the website loyalty.
Design Patterns for Integrating Digitally Augmented Pop-ups with Community Engagement
Authors: Fredericks Joel , Tomitsch Martin , Stewart Laura
Published: May 2017

This article explores the opportunities of translating existing community engagement techniques into digitally augmented pop-up interventions, for on-the-spot feedback around infrastructure within the built environment. Pop-up interventions allow for more inclusive forms of community engagement through the combination of digital and physical media. The paper draws on Alexander et al.'s idea of pattern languages to put forward a set of design patterns for integrating digitally augmented pop-ups into community engagement activities. The patterns are based on a review and analysis of existing community engagement techniques, digital technologies used in urban environments, data from our own field studies and a focus group with engagement professionals. The aim of the patterns is to: (1) capture collective wisdom; (2) reuse and extend ideas; and (3) converge on designs that work for communities.
Endothelial CD2AP Binds the Receptor ICAM-1 To Control Mechanosignaling, Leukocyte Adhesion, and the Route of Leukocyte Diapedesis In Vitro
Authors: Schaefer Antje , van Duijn Trynette J. , Majolee Jisca , Burridge Keith , Hordijk Peter L.
Published: May 2017

Inflammation is driven by excessive transmigration (diapedesis) of leukocytes from the blood to the tissue across the endothelial cell monolayer that lines blood vessels. Leukocyte adhesion, crawling, and transmigration are regulated by clustering of the endothelial mechanosensitive receptor intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Whereas several proteins are known to promote ICAM-1 function, the molecular mechanisms that limit ICAM-1–mediated adhesion to prevent excessive leukocyte transmigration remain unknown. We identify the endothelial actin-binding protein CD2-associated protein (CD2AP) as a novel interaction partner of ICAM-1. Loss of CD2AP stimulates the dynamics of ICAM-1 clustering, which facilitates the formation of ICAM-1 complexes on the endothelial cell surface. Consequently, neutrophil adhesion is increased, but crawling is decreased. In turn, this promotes the neutrophil preference for the transcellular over the paracellular transmigration route. Mechanistically, CD2AP is required for mechanosensitive ICAM-1 downstream signaling toward activation of the PI3K, and recruitment of F-actin and of the actin-branching protein cortactin. Moreover, CD2AP is necessary for ICAM-1–induced Rac1 recruitment and activation. Mechanical force applied on ICAM-1 impairs CD2AP binding to ICAM-1, suggesting that a tension-induced negative feedback loop promotes ICAM-1–mediated neutrophil crawling and paracellular transmigration. To our knowledge, these data show for the first time that the mechanoreceptor ICAM-1 is negatively regulated by an actin-binding adaptor protein, i.e., CD2AP, to allow a balanced and spatiotemporal control of its adhesive function. CD2AP is important in kidney dysfunction that is accompanied by inflammation. Our findings provide a mechanistic basis for the role of CD2AP in inflamed vessels, identifying this adaptor protein as a potential therapeutic target.
Chronic Critical Illness from Sepsis Is Associated with an Enhanced TCR Response
Authors: Borken Farina , Markwart Robby , Requardt Robert P. , Schubert Katja , Spacek Michal , Verner Miroslav , Rückriem Stefan , Scherag André , Oehmichen Frank , Brunkhorst Frank M. , Rubio Ignacio
Published: May 2017

Sepsis is characterized by a disproportionate host response to infection that often culminates in multiple organ failure. Current concepts invoke a deregulated immune reaction involving features of hyperinflammation, as well as protracted immune suppression. However, owing to the scarcity of human data, the precise origin of a long-term suppression of adaptive immunity remains doubtful. We report on an explorative clinical study of chronic critical illness (CCI) patients aimed at assessing the long-term consequences of sepsis on T cell function. Blood was drawn from 12 male CCI patients (median age 67 y, range 48–79 y) receiving continuous mechanical ventilation and renal replacement therapy in a long-term care hospital who had been treated in an external acute care hospital for severe sepsis. T cells were purified and subjected to flow cytometric immune-phenotyping and functional assays. We found that T cells from CCI patients featured higher basal levels of activation and stronger expression of the inhibitory surface receptor programmed cell death 1 compared with controls. However, T cells from CCI patients exhibited no suppressed TCR response at the level of proximal TCR signaling (activation/phosphorylation of PLCγ, Erk, Akt, LAT), activation marker upregulation (CD69, CD25, CD154, NUR77), IL-2 production, or clonal expansion. Rather, our data illustrate an augmented response in T cells from CCI patients in response to TCR/coreceptor (CD3/CD28) challenge. Thus, the present findings reveal that CCI sepsis patients feature signs of immune suppression but that their T cells exhibit a primed, rather than a suppressed, phenotype in their TCR response, arguing against a generalized T cell paralysis as a major cause of protracted immune suppression from sepsis.
Living with frozen ground: a field guide to permafrost in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories
Authors: Wolfe S A
Published: May 2017

This guidebook describes some of the challenges to development that permafrost, or frozen ground, presents to the City of Yellowknife. Part I of the guide provides an overview of the geological events, subarctic environment and recent human developments that have
shaped this city. Part II describes permafrost occurrence in Yellowknife, the impacts of permafrost on development, and potential changes to permafrost under conditions of possible climate warming. Part III presents two walking tours of Yellowknife, illustrating where the effects of permafrost can
be seen throughout the city. The tours illustrate the occurrence of permafrost prior to development, changes that have occurred over the last 50 years, and the impacts that these and other processes related to frozen ground have had on buildings, roadways, and the people of Yellowknife. Part IV
describes the Niven Lake trail, highlighting the general ecology and discontinuous permafrost environment of the subarctic Canadian Shield.
Curvature locus and principal configurations of submanifolds of Euclidean space
Authors: Nuño Ballesteros Juan José , Romero Fuster María Carmen , Sánchez-Bringas Federico
Published: May 2017

We study relations between the properties of the curvature loci of a submanifold

M

in Euclidean space and the behaviour of the principal configurations of

M

, in particular the existence of umbilic and quasiumbilic fields. We pay special attention to the case of submanifolds with vanishing normal curvature. We also characterize local convexity in terms of the curvature locus position in the normal space.
The Whitney extension theorem in high dimensions
Authors: Chang Alan
Published: May 2017

We prove a variant of the standard Whitney extension theorem for

\mathcal C^m(\mathbb R^n)

, in which the norm of the extension operator has polynomial growth in

n

for fixed

m

.
Mesh Quality and More Detailed Error Estimates of Finite Element Method
Authors: Huang Yunqing , Wang Liupeng , Yi Nianyu
Published: May 2017

In this paper, we study the role of mesh quality on the accuracy of linear finite element approximation. We derive a more detailed error estimate, which shows explicitly how the shape and size of elements, and symmetry structure of mesh effect on the error of numerical approximation. Two computable parameters Ge and Gv are given to depict the cell geometry property and symmetry structure of the mesh. In compare with the standard a priori error estimates, which only yield information on the asymptotic error behaviour in a global sense, our proposed error estimate considers the effect of local element geometry properties, and is thus more accurate. Under certain conditions, the traditional error estimates and supercovergence results can be derived from the proposed error estimate. Moreover, the estimators Ge and Gv are computable and thus can be used for predicting the variation of errors. Numerical tests are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed parameters Ge and Gv.
A Stochastic Galerkin Method for the Boltzmann Equation with Multi-Dimensional Random Inputs Using Sparse Wavelet Bases
Authors: Shu Ruiwen , Hu Jingwei , Jin Shi
Published: May 2017

We propose a stochastic Galerkin method using sparse wavelet bases for the Boltzmann equation with multi-dimensional random inputs. Themethod uses locally supported piecewise polynomials as an orthonormal basis of the random space. By a sparse approach, only a moderate number of basis functions is required to achieve good accuracy in multi-dimensional random spaces. We discover a sparse structure of a set of basis-related coefficients, which allows us to accelerate the computation of the collision operator. Regularity of the solution of the Boltzmann equation in the random space and an accuracy result of the stochastic Galerkin method are proved in multi-dimensional cases. The efficiency of the method is illustrated by numerical examples with uncertainties from the initial data, boundary data and collision kernel.
Physical and chemical properties of deposited airborne particulates over the Arabian Red Sea coastal plain
Authors: Engelbrecht Johann , Stenchikov Georgiy , Prakash P. Jish , Anisimov Anatolii , Shevchenko Illia
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Mineral dust is the most abundant aerosol, having a profound impact on the Global energy budget. This research continues our previous studies performed on surface soils in the Arabian Peninsula and aims at analyzing mineralogical, physical and chemical composition of dust deposits from the atmosphere. For this purpose, aerosols deposited from the atmosphere are collected during 2015 at six sites on the campus of the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) situated on the Red Sea coastal plain of Saudi Arabia and subjected to the same chemical and mineralogical analysis we conducted on soil samples. Frisbee deposition samplers with foam inserts were used to collect dust and other deposits, for the period December 2014 to December 2015. The average deposition rate measured at KAUST for this period was 14 g m-2 per month, with lowest values in winter and increased deposition rates in August to October. XRD analysis of a subset of samples confirms variable amounts of quartz, feldspars, micas, and halite, with lesser amounts of gypsum, calcite, dolomite, hematite, and amphibole. Freeze-dried samples were re-suspended onto the Teflon® filters for elemental analysis by XRF, while splits from each sample were analyzed for water soluble cations and anions by Ion Chromatography. It is not possible to explicitly relate the origin of deposition samples to the Arabian Red Sea coastal soils, from the mineralogical and chemical results alone. It is proposed that the dust deposits along the Red Sea coast are a mixture of dust emissions from local soils, and soils imported from distal dust sources. These aerosol data are the first of their kind from the Red Sea region. They will help assess their potential nutrient input into the Red Sea, as well the impact on human health, industry, and solar panel efficiency. These data will also support dust modeling in this important dust belt source area, by better quantifying dust mass balance and optical properties of airborne dust particles.
Wintertime Aerosol Optical and Radiative Properties in the Kathmandu Valley during the SusKat-ABC Field Campaign
Authors: Cho Chaeyoon , Kim Sang-Woo , Rupakheti Maheswar , Park Jinsoo , Panday Arnico , Yoon Soon-Chang , Kim Ji-Hyoung , Kim Hyunjae , Jeon Haeun , Sung Minyoung , Kim Bong Mann , Hong Seunkyu , Park Rokjin J. , Rupakheti Dipesh , Mahata Khadak Singh , Praveen Puppala Siva , Lawrence Mark G. , Holben Brent
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Particulate air pollution in the Kathmandu Valley has reached severe levels that are mainly due to uncontrolled emissions and the location of the urban area in a bowl-shaped basin with associated local circulations. The AERONET measurements from December 2012 to August 2014 revealed a mean aerosol optical depth (AOD) of approximately 0.3 at 675 nm during winter, which is similar to that of the post-monsoon but half of that of the pre-monsoon AOD (0.63). The distinct seasonal variations are closely related to regional-scale monsoon circulations over South Asia and emissions in the Kathmandu Valley. During the SusKat-ABC campaign (December 2012–February 2013), a noticeable increase of both aerosol scattering (σs; 313 → 522 Mm−1 at 550 nm) and absorption (σa; 98 → 145 Mm−1 at 520 nm) coefficients occurred before and after January 4, 2013. This can be attributed to the increase of wood-burned fires due to a temperature drop and the start of firing at nearby brick kilns. The σs value in the Kathmandu Valley was a factor of 0.5 lower than that in polluted cities in India. The σa value in the Kathmandu Valley was approximately 2 times higher than that at severely polluted urban sites in India. The aerosol mass scattering efficiency of 2.6 m2 g−1 in the Kathmandu Valley is similar to that reported in urban areas. However, the aerosol mass absorption efficiency was determined to be 11 m2 g−1, which is higher than that reported in the literature for pure soot particles (7.5 ± 1.2 m2 g−1). This might be due to the fact that most of the carbonaceous aerosols in the Kathmandu Valley were thought to be fresh aerosols, mostly externally mixed with other aerosols under dry conditions due to a short travel time from their sources. The σs and σa values and the equivalent black carbon (EBC) mass concentration reached up to 757 Mm−1, 224 Mm−1, and 29 µg m−3 at 08 LST, respectively but decreased dramatically during the daytime (09–18 LST), to one quarter of the morning average (06–09 LST) due to the development of valley winds and an atmospheric bounder layer. The σs and σa values and the EBC concentration remained almost constant during the night at the level of 410 Mm−1, 130 Mm−1, and 17 µg m−3, respectively. The average aerosol direct radiative forcings over the intensive measurement period were estimated to be −6.9 ± 1.4 W m−2 (top of the atmosphere) and −20.8 ± 4.6 W m−2 (surface). Therefore, the high atmospheric forcing (i.e., 13.9 ± 3.6 W m−2) and forcing efficiency (74.8 ± 24.2 W m−2 τ−1) can be attributed to the high portion of light-absorbing aerosols in the Kathmandu Valley, as indicated by the high BC (or elemental carbon) to sulphate ratio (1.5 ± 1.1).
Aging and hygroscopicity variation of black carbon particles in Beijing measured by a quasi-atmospheric aerosol evolution study (QUALITY) chamber
Authors: Peng Jianfei , Hu Min , Guo Song , Du Zhuofei , Shang Dongjie , Zheng Jing , Zheng Jun , Zeng Limin , Shao Min , Wu Yusheng , Colllins Don , Zhang Renyi
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Measurements of aging and hygroscopicity variation of black carbon (BC) particles in Beijing were conducted using a 1.2 m3 quasi-atmospheric aerosol evolution study (QUALITY) chamber, which consisted of a bottom flow chamber where ambient air was pulled through continuously and an upper reaction chamber where aging of BC particles occurred. Within the reaction chamber, transmission of the solar ultraviolet irradiation was approximately 50 %–60 %, wall loss of primary gaseous pollutants was negligible, and BC exhibited a half-lifetime about 3–7 hours. Typically, equilibrium for the primary gases, temperature, and relative humidity between the reaction chamber and ambient air was established within 1 hour. Rapid growth of BC particles was observed, with an average total growth of 77 ± 33 nm and average growth rate of 26 ± 11 nm h−1. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) accounted for more than 90 % of the coating mass. The O / C ratio of SOA was 0.5, lower than the ambient level. The hygroscopic growth factor of BC particles decreased slightly with an initial thin coating layer because of BC reconstruction, but subsequently increased to 1.06–1.08 upon further aging. The κ (kappa) values for BC particles and coating materials were calculated as 0.035 and 0.040 at the subsaturation and supersaturation conditions, respectively, indicating low hygroscopicity of coated SOA on BC particles. Hence, our results indicate that initial photochemical aging of BC particles does not appreciably alter the particle hygroscopicity in Beijing.
Liquid-liquid phase separation in particles containing secondary organic material free of inorganic salts
Authors: Song Mijung , Liu Pengfei , Martin Scot T. , Bertram Allan K.
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Particles containing secondary organic material (SOM) are ubiquitous in the atmosphere and play a role in climate and air quality. Recently, research has shown that liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) occurs at high relative humidities (RH) (greater than ~ 95 %) in α-pinene-derived SOM particles free of inorganic salts while LLPS does not occur in isoprene-derived SOM particles free of inorganic salts. We expand on these findings by investigating LLPS in SOM particles free of inorganic salts produced from ozonolysis of β-caryophyllene, ozonolysis of limonene, and photo-oxidation of toluene. LLPS was observed at greater than ~ 95 % RH in the biogenic SOM particles derived from β-caryophyllene and limonene while LLPS was not observed in the anthropogenic SOM particles derived from toluene at 290 ± 1 K. This work combined with the earlier work on LLPS in SOM particles free of inorganic salts suggests that the occurrence of LLPS in SOM particles free of inorganic salts is related to the average oxygen-to-carbon elemental ratio (O : C) of the organic material. When the average O : C is between 0.25 and 0.60, LLPS was observed, but when the average O : C was between 0.52 and 1.3, LLPS was not observed. These results help explain the difference between the hygroscopic parameter k of SOM particles measured above and below water saturation in the laboratory and field, and have implications for predicting the cloud condensation nucleation properties of SOM particles.
Assessing the accuracy of microwave radiometers and radio acoustic sounding systems for wind energy applications
Authors: Bianco Laura , Friedrich Katja , Wilczak James M. , Hazen Duane , Wolfe Daniel , Delgado Ruben , Oncley Steven P. , Lundquist Julie K.
Published: May 2017

Abstract. To assess current remote-sensing capabilities for wind energy applications, a remote-sensing system evaluation study, called XPIA (eXperimental Planetary boundary layer Instrument Assessment), was held in the spring of 2015 at NOAA's Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO) facility. Several remote-sensing platforms were evaluated to determine their suitability for the verification and validation processes used to test the accuracy of numerical weather prediction models.The evaluation of these platforms was performed with respect to well-defined reference systems: the BAO's 300 m tower equipped at six levels (50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 m) with 12 sonic anemometers and six temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) sensors; and approximately 60 radiosonde launches.In this study we first employ these reference measurements to validate temperature profiles retrieved by two co-located microwave radiometers (MWRs) as well as virtual temperature (Tv) measured by co-located wind profiling radars equipped with radio acoustic sounding systems (RASSs). Results indicate a mean absolute error (MAE) in the temperature retrieved by the microwave radiometers below 1.5 K in the lowest 5 km of the atmosphere and a mean absolute error in the virtual temperature measured by the radio acoustic sounding systems below 0.8 K in the layer of the atmosphere covered by these measurements (up to approximately 1.6–2 km). We also investigated the benefit of the vertical velocity correction applied to the speed of sound before computing the virtual temperature by the radio acoustic sounding systems. We find that using this correction frequently increases the RASS error, and that it should not be routinely applied to all data.Water vapor density (WVD) profiles measured by the MWRs were also compared with similar measurements from the soundings, showing the capability of MWRs to follow the vertical profile measured by the sounding and finding a mean absolute error below 0.5 g m−3 in the lowest 5 km of the atmosphere. However, the relative humidity profiles measured by the microwave radiometer lack the high-resolution details available from radiosonde profiles. An encouraging and significant finding of this study was that the coefficient of determination between the lapse rate measured by the microwave radiometer and the tower measurements over the tower levels between 50 and 300 m ranged from 0.76 to 0.91, proving that these remote-sensing instruments can provide accurate information on atmospheric stability conditions in the lower boundary layer.