bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Domain Decomposition of the Finite Element-Boundary Integral Method for Scattering by Deep Cavities
Authors: Cui Zhi Wei , Han Yi Ping , Zhao Wen Juan
Published: November 2011

An efficient domain decomposition method (DDM) is employed to improve upon the efficiency and capability of the finite element-boundary integral (FE-BI) method for calculation of electromagnetic (EM) scattering from deep cavities. This method first subdivides the original cavity into many sub-domains along its depth and classifies these sub-domains into a few building blocks. It then employs the substructuring method to deal with the different types of sub-domains. The resulting Schur complement system is solved by a special method which has low memory requirements because the formation of the global Schur complement matrix is not necessary. Numerical results indicate that the presented method is an effective approach for scattering by deep cavities.
An Approach for Electrical Inter-Harmonic Analysis Based on W-H Transform
Authors: Cheng Gui Lin , Lin Jian
Published: November 2011

With the non-linear load being used in great quantities, a large number of harmonics and inter-harmonics exist in electrical system. However, lacking of local information, traditional Fourier transform is not suitable for inter-harmonic analysis. In the method of time-frequency analysis, WVD is a joint distribution of energy time-frequency which provides a method for inter-harmonic analysis, but the influence of the cross terms limits application. W-H transform can effectively reduce the impact of cross terms and then extract effective information of inter-harmonic.
The Analysis of Air Gap Flux Density in Permanent Magnet Brushless Motor with External Rotor
Authors: Xu Rui Yuan , Zhang Cun Shan
Published: November 2011

The air gap flux density distribution in different radius of three conditions such as stator iron without slotting, stator iron slotting under no load condition and stator iron slotting under load condition is discussed using the 2-D finite element method. The effect of slotting on the distribution of air gap flux density of permanent magnet brushless motor is also analyzed.
Research on Key Technology of Airport Simulation Based on OSG
Authors: Liu Kun Liang , Zhang Da Kun
Published: November 2011

To build airport simulation system, several key techniques must be solved. Thus the Real-time and Practicality of the system can be enhanced, and a strong feeling of immersion can be given. This paper deeply gives research on the key techniques of sky simulation, rain and snow effect simulation, telescope simulation and multi-channel in the airport simulation system, and gives the implementation.
The New Fire Prevention Materials Using in the Coal Fire Zones-Foamed Gel
Authors: Cao Kai , Wang De Ming , Lu Xin Xiao
Published: November 2011

Coal fires are emerging as a global threat with significant economic, social and ecological impacts, besides the loss of energy resources those fires cause air and water pollution and emit enormous amounts of green house gases (carbon dioxide and methane), how to prevent and extinct the fires has been a worldwide issue. According to the respective limitation and characteristic of gel fire prevention materials and foam fire prevention materials, a new thinking of foamed gel coal fire prevention materials is put forward creatively. Foamed gel that includes the characteristic of gel and foam possessed the property of accumulation. It also has the performance of sealing and secluding oxygen. This paper describes the composition and characteristic of foamed gel, as well as the laboratory production process. For large coal fire zones, the new fire prevention materials (Foamed Gel) have a broad application prospect.
Study on Stirring Brazing of SiCp/A356 Composites with the Zn27Al Filler Alloy in Air
Authors: Xu Hui Bin , Zhou Bo Fang , Luo Quan Xiang , Zeng You Liang , Du Chang Hua
Published: November 2011

The joining process of SiCp/A356 composites is investigated. The two substrates are heated up to the melt temperature of Zn27Al filler metal by a resistance heating plate. At the time, a stirrer is introduced into the liquid weld seam in order to mix filler metal and two sides of substrates into a single uniform joint. After stirring, specimens are sectioned for the analysis of macro- and micro-structures along the weld region. The research shows that two typical joint interfaces with oxide film and without one were found. So, oxide film on the substrate wasn’t completely disrupted during stirring brazing at 500°C.And, the tensile strength of joint is only 50MPa.
Damping Analysis of 3D Composite Structure Embedded with Visco-Elastic Layer
Authors: Sabir Muhammad Iqbal , Liu Er Bao , Guo Wan Tao , Li Zhen , Li Li
Published: November 2011

Recently, the fiber reinforced composite embedded with visco-elastic layer has received great attention because of its good damping capability. Damping is an important feature for dynamic behaviour of composite structures, which alleviates the resonant vibrations and thus prolongs the service life of structures under fatigue loading or impact. The present paper deals with the dynamic response of a 3D composite structure embedded with visco-elastic layer. The modal analysis, harmonic analysis and transient analysis are carried out respectively. The amplitude of z-displacement of a specific node on the bottom reduces quickly due to the high damping of the visco-elastic layer.
Experimental Study of Mechanical Properties of Multiscale Carbon Fiber-Epoxy-CNT Composites
Authors: Sharma Kamal , Shukla Mukul
Published: November 2011

Recently intensive research has been carried out on carbon nanotube (CNT) based polymer composites. However, in this work the macro scale IM700 carbon fiber (CF) has been integrated with amino modified multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-NH2) within LY-556 epoxy matrix to produce three-phase, multi-scale composites, with the applications in missiles. The fictionalization of CNTs has been carried out for improved and consistent mechanical and physical properties. High frequency probe sonication method was used for homogenous dispersion of CNTs. Mechanical characterization of the multiscale composites fabricated by hand layup process included tensile, flexure and inter-laminar shear stress tests. The addition of small amounts of MWCNTs (upto 1.5 weight %) for the fabrication of multiscale composites resulted in a maximum enhancement in tensile strength by 23% , flexural modulus by 35%, flexural strength by 5% and ILSS by 7%. CF/epoxy composites (without CNTs) have also been characterized for comparison with MWCNT-NH2 /CF/ epoxy composites. For a more accurate prediction of the Young’s moduli of multi-scale composites several micromechanical models (Voigt-Reuss, Halpin-Tsai, and modified mixture Law) compared with the experimental work. These models have been tested for upto 1.5 weight % of CNTs. The difference of approximate 28% of the values in Young’s modulus has been reported in the classical micromechanical models and experimental results and it comes out 11% for CF/epoxy composites as they do not have reinforcement of CNT’s within it. In all the classical models, the Young’s moduli of the carbon nanotube composites were used as matrix properties.
Mechanical Characterization of Polypropylene Natural Fibre Composites
Authors: Muthu Sd Jacob , Paskaramoorthy Ratnam
Published: November 2011

Using polypropylene (PP) as matrix and kenaf mat as reinforcement, composite test samples were fabricated by compression molding. Thereafter, the effect of fibre loading and the alkaline fibre surface treatment on the mechanical properties were studied. The kenaf/PP composites were found to have better mechanical properties than the polymer matrix. As expected, the interfacial bonding between the matrix and the fibres improved considerably when the fibres were subjected to alkaline treatment.
Characteristic Features of Thickness Change of Pipe during Die Forming
Authors: Kotani Yuji , Kanai Shunsuke , Watari Hisaki
Published: November 2011

Recently the growing demand for light weight products with high strength has been increased by the rapid development of automobile and aircraft technology. Also, reduction of carbon dioxide emissions is one of the most important issues also in the automobile industry. The weight reduction technology is important even if applied to electric vehicles rather than gasoline vehicles, as reduction of energy consumption is an important issue. Plastic processing of hollow pipes is an important technology for realizing weight reduction of automobile components. As an example of research into pipe forming there is the research by Ohashi et al. [1-2], who have carried out processing to enlarge pipe diameters using a lost core, which achieved suppressing reduction in wall thickness and greater pipe expansion than hydro forming. The authors investigated into a method of increasing the wall thickness of pipe by press forming. Using the finite element analysis method it was predicted that it is possible to increase the wall thickness of aluminum pipe with 2mm wall thickness by approximately 20% by hollow pipe press forming. Also, it was predicted that it is possible to increase the wall thickness by approximately 30% in places by eccentric pipe wall thickness increase. Also, the effect of the metal die which has a large effect on processing a pipe from a circular cylindrical shape to a rectangular tube shape was investigated.
Sucking Machinery of Transport for Dosing Granulations of Plastics at Injection Molding
Authors: Ragan Emil , Baron Petr , Dobránsky Jozef
Published: November 2011

Advantageous properties of plastic materials, low investment costs for a production, cheap and productive processing method were given the rapid development of plastic materials. In this time injection molding technology is the most using technology for processing plastics in our country. Quality of the plastics processing depends mainly on the quality of material and preparing it for production. The first step in the processing of plastic by injection molding is dosing of granulations from hopper of injection machine unit. Task of this contribution is to theoretically describe a pneumatic method for transport of granulations in injection molding machine.
Research on Dynamic Characteristics of Disc Brake
Authors: Chen Fei , Hou You Fu , Wu Hong Yun , Wang He Wei
Published: November 2011

To obtain the dynamic characteristics of the disc brake, the modal of the disc of brake is analyzed by finite element method and experimental method, the natural frequency and the vibration mode of the disc are obtained, the research shows that the result of finite element method is basically identical with the experimental method. The axial vibration of the disc and tangential vibration of the brake pad are tested by experiment method and the time domain charts are obtained, the main vibration frequencies of brake are studied, the vibration cause is analyzed and the corresponding improvement measures are put forward.
Fuzzy Control Technology for Drive System of Switched Reluctance Motor
Authors: Sun Guan Qun , Wang Bin Rui
Published: November 2011

A fuzzy self-correction controller based on DSP (TMS320LF240) micro-controller was designed to solve the problem that traditional controller can’t meet the random disturbance parameters of reluctance motor having notable nonlinear. Parameters could be automatically adjusted and response is rapid. According to the demand that two windings provide electric power at the same time for switched reluctance motor (SR motor), the system adopted Mamdani model with two inputs, MAXMIN barycenter technique was used for judging manner. Fuzzy research table and driving software were designed. Experiment results with a 5.5KW SR motor illustrated that the four phases SRD with fuzzy control technology proposed in this paper has excellent driving character.
Sensorless Control of SPMSM Based on High-Frequency Current Signal Injection in the Direct Axis at Low and Zero Speed
Authors: Feng Ying , Zhou Bo , Liu Ying , Li Shuai
Published: November 2011

A novel sensorless control method of surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) based on high frequency (HF) current signal injection is proposed in this paper. A HF sinusoidal current signal is superimposed into the estimated d-axis, and the rotor position can be demodulated after q-axis voltage is regulated, which is relative to error angle. Ultimately sensorless control can be achieved. Theoretical analysis and simulation validation are carried out. The simulation results indicate that the rotor position and speed can be obtained exactly at low and zero speed. The approach ensures good dynamic and static performances, and can realize accurate position servo control.
Wavelet Neural Network Based Adaptive Robust Control for a Class of MIMO Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Zhu Yong Hong , Gao Wen Zhong
Published: November 2011

Wavelet neural network based adaptive robust output tracking control approach is proposed for a class of MIMO nonlinear systems with unknown nonlinearities in this paper. A wavelet network is constructed as an alternative to a neural network to approximate unknown nonlinearities of the classes of systems. The proposed WNN adaptive law is used to compensate the dynamic inverse errors of the classes of systems. The robust control law is designed to attenuate the effects of approximate errors and external disturbances. It is proved that the controller proposed can guarantee that all the signals in the closed-loop control system are uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB) in the sense of Lyapunov. In the end, a simulation example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness and the applicability of the suggested method.
Study on a Methane and Acetylene Spectrum Absorption Mode Gas Sensor with Optical Fiber
Authors: Wang Jiu Long
Published: November 2011

The gas monitor with optical fiber is developed in this paper based on the principle that the absorption light changes with gas intensity under absorptive peak wavelength. The LED of driving light source is selected by the absorptive peak wavelength of measured gas. The light source driving circuit with the different frequency is used to detect the varied gas in real time. The techniques of phase-sensitive detected and ratio between measured signal and reference signal is used to ensure measurement accuracy. The examination system chooses low loss 50cm-long quartz optical fiber as long distance transmitting channel. The light source adopts low power pulse modulation semiconductor LED. 50cm-long absorption gas room is used to ensure measurement sensitivity. The system adopts the technique to carry out scheme combining optical fiber sensing technique with computer data handling technique. Uniting sensing light signal and stimulating light power transfer and measured parameter sensing, the advantages of optical fiber system, micro-electron electric circuit and computer compatibility can be sufficiently realized. The entire measurement system can attain light, the engine and electricity integration, and realize multi-parameter and multi-function. The experiment result of methane and acetylene intensity indicates that the system has higher detected sensitivity and detected accuracy. The system is not only used to detect the methane and acetylene intensity, but also to detect other gas intensity under a little structure parameter change.
Experiment Study of Coal Char Combustion Characteristics Under Mixed O2/CO2
Authors: Liang Xiu Jun , Yan Wei Ping
Published: November 2011

Coal char combustion under the O2/CO2 atmosphere is one of the prospect cleaner coal technologies, its combustion characteristics and dynamics research are the foundations of project application. In this paper, the results of a study on the combustion characteristics of three coal chars ( Liupanshui lignite, Zhungeer bituminous ,Qinhuangdao anthracite) under different oxygen volume content （21%、25%、30%、35%）are presented by TGA, the effect of oxygen volume content to coal-char reaction were analyzed. Simultaneously classical dynamics and time effect fractal dynamics had carried on the analysis separately to the coal char combustion. The results showed that, with higher the oxygen content, the lower the ignition、burnout temperatures are, the char combustion time shorten, activation energy reduces slightly whether use classical dynamics or time effect dynamics analysis, and the activation energy obtained by the former is smaller than the latter.
Analysis for Radiation Characteristics of Horn Antenna for Out of Band
Authors: Kong Rong , Su Dong Lin , Lv Qiu Yuan
Published: November 2011

The idea of this paper roots in the electromagnetic compatibility design of the whole aircraft system, in which out of band characteristics of airborne antennas are of equal importance as their characteristics in band. The definition of antenna characteristics for out of band is interpreted. Horn antennas are the main research objects in this paper. In order to make characteristic of this type antenna for out of band have a general, this paper is special to select pyramidal horn antenna and conical horn antenna. The characterization framework of horn antennas radiation characteristics for out of band is established, and the theoretical expressions of their radiation characteristics for out of band are given. In ensuring better antenna characteristics in band, four horn antennas that are different types of sizes, different frequency band width are simulated and analyzed by using electromagnetic simulation software HFSS. It is meaningful to analyze radiation characteristics and summarize different features for various performance parameters of these horn antennas for in band and out of band. Focus on characteristics of the changes for the maximum gain, 3dB beam width parameters of horn antennas within the working frequency band and out of working band. The results show that: radiation characteristics of horn antenna are the law within the working frequency band and out of working band.
Fatigue Life Assessment of Crane Reel
Authors: Du Wei Ming , Xue Fei
Published: November 2011

The crane reel is generally manufactured by section welding method when the diameter is over 380mm. With the cumulative fatigue damage principle which is based on stress S-N curve, the fatigue damage of one crane reel is analyzed by finite element method, the reel weld fatigue strength and fatigue life are calculated, and the simulation results are proved to be reliable. This method provides an efficient reference for crane reel design and residual life estimation.
Influence of Additive White Gaussian Noise on the Interpolation Method of Discrete Spectrum
Authors: Xu Chuan Yan , Ding Kang , Yang Zhi Jian , Lin Hui Bin
Published: November 2011

Without noise, the interpolation method of discrete spectrum is accurate except rounding error. However, the estimation accuracy is declined when a signal corrupted with noise, and even turns out to be meaningless. The paper investigates the influence of additive White Gaussian Noise on the accuracy of amplitude and phase based on interpolation method. Analytical expressions of the estimator variance for amplitude and phase correction are derived. Simulation results confirm the validity of the presented analysis.
Analysis of Electromagnetic Field and Temperature Field of Low Speed High Torque Permanent Magnet Motor under Locked-Rotor Operation
Authors: Zeng Lin Suo , Sun Li Zhu
Published: November 2011

Low speed high torque direct drive motor has been widely applied in various industries. However, operation faults occur frequently due to the complex working conditions of the motor, especially the locked-rotor fault. Therefore, it is necessary to do deeply research in this case of the electromagnetic field and the temperature field distribution of the motor. Taking a 5kW, 10-pole tangential type Low speed high torque permanent magnet (PM) motor for example, based on field-circuit coupled finite element method, 2-D motor field, circuit and motion coupling is achieved. On this basis, the temperature field of the motor is analyzed. Finally the results which are consistent with the actual project are obtained.
The Characteristics of Melt Flow in Composite Spinning Micropore
Authors: Gan Xue Hui , Liu Qiang , Ma Xiao Jian , Jia Chun Hong , Yang Chong Chang
Published: November 2011

From the rheological theory, the combination of the rheological characteristic of melt spinning and principle of spinning, the paper researches the mathematical model of the velocity distribution and shear rate distribution when the melt flow in composite spinning sheath-core orifices. According to the mathematical model, the melt flow velocity and pressure characteristic of the composite spinning micropore are researched with the software of CFD-Fluent. The results for the design of composite spinning technology and components provide a good theoretical basis.
The Research of DC/DC Power Storage Converter Controller Based on Hysteresis Control
Authors: Song Li , Li Wei Guo , Yang Juan , Zhang Chen Yun , Yan Tao , Hui Dong
Published: November 2011

Although many converter control circuits have been integrated digitally, digital circuits are limited by the sampling rate, the processor frequency and other factors, and the response speed is slower than the analog circuits. In this paper, the combination of PI regulator and hysteresis loop PWM control is adopted to set up a DC/DC analog control circuit. The simulations and experiments show that the design achieves DC/DC bi-directional conversion and phase-shifting output. The DC/DC transformation function has been realized safely and reliably.
Automatic On-Line Detection and Sorting System Design and Implementation for Paper-Making Printing
Authors: Sun Rong Xia , Gao Lei , Kang Jian , Huang Pan Pan , Tian Yi , Chen Xiao Feng
Published: November 2011

Transforms the papermaking production line to spurt the code automatic detection separation system is the production of impending rapid requirement. This design using the original paper cutter to cut the paper separating function is bad, choose the trigger for separating door action by photoelectric sensor signal, triggering bad signal detection equipments, and complete code identification papers in the test paper separating bad logo. In printing, the PLC control high-speed counter acquisition traction, printing roll encoder pulse signal range. This system includes color standard sensor signal detection, Siemens S7-200 PLC controller, etc. Also gives the system installation problems and presents the corresponding countermeasures. The paper realize online automatic testing equipments, satisfying the function of separation, stable, zero leakage rate of selected control of the production requirement.
Research on NDT System of Steel Bar Crack
Authors: Liu Hong Bo , Qi Hai Dong , Liu Hong Bin , Wang Li Zhong
Published: November 2011

With the rapid development of society, the demand for steel production is increasing, and the demand of the bar’s quality is getting higher and higher. However, what is constraining the production efficiency of the Bar industry is that the development of NDT of surface crack on the bar is unpleasant. This paper presents a new NDT method which is machine vision-based and fully automatic, and designs an application system which is more viable and practical. The bar non-destructive crack detection system use the Industrial Control Computer as Master Parts. Combine with the CCD image acquisition and the PLC control of the pipeline as a whole. This system utilizes Testing Technology of Fluorescent Magnetic particle, realize machine recognition through the Digital Image Processing Technology. What’s more, this system use the set method of adaptive threshold based on probability of detection and false alarm probability in machine recognition. It has a significant and Practical significance for reducing the computation of the system, improving the processing speed of this system, and meeting the needs of the entire system in real-time requirements.
Research on the Cr (VI) Absorption by Floc-Type Biosorbent AR
Authors: Li Qiang , Han Sheng , Wang Yuan Xiu , Ye Chun Jiang , Wang Feng Shan , Qi Qing Sheng , Cui Hao Ran
Published: November 2011

Biosorptions of Cr (VI) by the floc-type biosorbent AR (with glycocalyx) and AR (without glycocalyx) were compared. The initial pH was important for biosorption, and the optimum effect on Cr (VI) biosorption was acquired within initial pH 0.5-1.0. With the pH increasing, the effect on Cr(VI) biosorption was reduced, and when the initial pH exceeded 3.0, the effect on Cr (VI) biosorption was in an equilibrium of low levels. Biosorbing Cr (VI) of different concentrations, the maximal absorbing capacity of AR (with glycocalyx) and AR (without glycocalyx) was 187.36 mg•g-1, 56.1 mg•g-1 respectively, and the glycocalyx adhering on the cell improved the absorption obviously. The absorbed Cr (VI) could be recovered by desorption, and the desorption rate of AR (with glycocalyx) and AR (without glycocalyx) reached 67.9%and 62.3% separately. The two biosorption processes conformed Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm adsorption equations, so we could presume that the progress of biosorptions was reversible adsorption and irreversible adsorption simultaneously, however the reversible adsorption was more important in the biosorption and the adsorption belonged to physical adsorption. Besides Agrobacterium sp. fermentation broth could be used as bioflocculant, Agrobacterium sp. could be applied as biosorbent, and the glycocalyx improved the absorption obviously, then both the bioflocculant and biosorbent were promising biological products
Studying on the Propagation Behavior of Bent Crack Bending from Slant Pre-Crack with Compressive Residual Stress
Authors: Ma You Li
Published: November 2011

For a slant pre-crack under mixed-mode conditions, a method is proposed in which mode Ⅰ and mode Ⅱ stress intensity factors(KI)mes and (KII)mes can be directly evaluated from the discontinuous displacement along it. The effect on fatigue pre-crack deformation behavior was discussed by comparing fatigue and annealed cracks. In general, using the biggest tangential stress criterion the direction propagating from the pre-cracks can be predicted by (KI)mes and (KII)mes calculated above. So testing for bending fatigue crack propagation under mixed-mode conditions was carried out using fatigue and annealed slant pre-cracks with slant angle β=450 defined as the angle between loading and pre-crack direction in a rectangular plate. As a result, for annealed pre-crack, the estimated fracture angle θest corresponded to the measured one θmes; On the other hand, for fatigue pre-crack,θmes is bigger than θest because of the compressive residual stress around the pre-crack.
Non-Thermal Plasma Assisted Catalytic Oxidation NO over Mn-Ni-Ox Catalysts at Low-Temperature
Authors: Li Kai , Tang Xiao Long , Yi Hong Hong , Ning Ping , Ye Zhi Qing , Kang Dong Juan , Song Jing Hao
Published: November 2011

Mn-Ni-Ox catalyst was prepared by the co-precipitation method. The most active catalysts were obtained with a molar Ni/ (Mn+Ni) ratio of 0.1. The results showed that over this catalyst, NO oxidation conversion reached 59% at 125°C and 50% at 150°C with a high space velocity of 35000h-1. Their surface properties were evaluated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The process of non-thermal plasma-assisted catalytic oxidation of NO under low-temperature was studied. And the NO conversion could reach 80% with the non-thermal plasma-assisting at 150°C when the input voltage was 30V. The increasing activities at low temperature（50~175°C）were more apparently higher than high temperature by plasma. And the low-temperature catalytic activity of the catalyst was increased with the increase of the input voltage.
The Study of Polymer Material Transference Phenomenon Measurement Method
Authors: Li Dang Juan , Wu Shen Jian
Published: November 2011

In this paper, for the transference phenomenon of high polymers, a method of measurement system based on sodium light and feisuo interference with digital image processing technology was proposed. At first, the system measurement scheme and method were explained and there were some experiments with micro moleculesIn the experiment, the high polymer is the mixture of acetone and organic glass by a certain ratio, the micro molecules are Acetone and ethanol; at last, the interference strips were collected at interval time by using the image control collection procedure and processed. After thinning the fringes, we calculated the fringe spacing distance by K-L transform, by measuring the fringe spacing change in the polymer transference of acetone and ethanol we draw the change rule of the Polymer material refractive index :in 10 mins, the fringe spacing became to 40 percent , the refractive index became 2.5 times and keep invariant for Polymer material; in 50 mins, the fringe spacing became to 56 percent ,the refractive index became 1.7 times and kept invariant for ethanol. That’s all, at the time of balance, it will not infect the capability of the Polymer material any longer.
Trace Gas Sensor Based on MEMS Cantilever Resonator
Authors: Dong Ying , Gao Wei , You Zheng
Published: November 2011

A chemical gas sensor for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detection at trace level is proposed. In this paper, the development and demonstration of the sensor prototype are presented. The prototype is based on a microcantilever resonator that is fabricated from direct bonding silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer. The resonant cantilever employs integrated thermal driving and piezoresistive detecting units, and operates in a self-oscillation system. Polyethylenevinylacetate (PEVA) is deposited on top of the cantilever as gas sensitive layer through a spraying method. The responses of the prototype to relative humidity (RH) and six common VOCs: toluene, benzene, ethanol, acetone, hexane and octane have been tested. The PEVA-coated prototype has trace sensitivity to toluene, benzene, hexane and octane, while is insensitive to humidity. The experimental results provide confirmation that the microcantilever resonator is an excellent platform for chemical gas sensor.
Characteristics of the SiN Uniaxial Strained NMOSFET with Channel Fluorine Implantation
Authors: Chen Yung Yu , Hsieh Chih Ren , Chiu Fang Yu
Published: November 2011

Channel fluorine implantation (CFI) has been successfully integrated with silicon nitride contact etch stop layer (SiN CESL) to further improve the channel hot electron stress (CHES) and constant voltage stress (CVS) reliability of n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistor with HfO2/SiON gate stack. Although the improvement of transconductance, drain current and subthreshold swing due to the fluorine passivation is screened out by the effect of uniaxial tensile strain, the result clearly demonstrates that integrating the CFI process in the SiN CESL-strained device can further suppress the CHES- and CVS-induced threshold voltage shift.
Preparation of Visible-Light-Responsive TiO2-xNx Photocatalyst by a Very Simple Method
Authors: Huang Han Jie , She Wen Long , Yang Ling Wen , Huang Hai Peng
Published: November 2011

A visible-light-responsive TiO2-xNx photocatalyst was prepared by a very simple method. Ammonia solution was used as nitrogen resource in this paper. The TiO2-xNx photocatalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), UV-Vis diffuse reflection spectra (DRS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The ethylene was selected as a target pollutant under visible light excitation to evaluate the activity of this photocatalyst. The new prepared TiO2-xNx photocatalyst with strong photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation was demonstrated in the experiment.
Development of Inorganic Gas Barrier Material in Solar Cell Devices for Planarization Properties and Sublimate Defect Reduction
Authors: Takei Satoshi
Published: November 2011

This study focuses on inorganic gas barrier material in the advanced process techniques of solar cell devices for planarization properties and sublimate defect reduction. The inorganic gas barrier material have been optimized and studied for excellent surface planarization property. The newest approach by excellent collaborations from both process and material has the planarization property on an irregular substrate such as the patterned steps, via and trenches to increase the depth of focus and pattering resolution. A remarkable reduction in via topography with 0.6 μm as a depth and 0.13 μm as a diameter has been achieved excellent thickness bias less than 50 nm in 220 nm blanket field thickness. In addition, the sublimate amount of the film obtained from the developed inorganic gas barrier material was low as compared with that of the film obtained from the referenced organic non-gas barrier material.
Allotropic Modification Induced by Co60 Radiation on the Structural and Optical Properties of Aromatic Polymers
Authors: Siddhartha Singh , Aarya Suveda , Srivastava A.K. , Mishra Monika , Wahab M.A.
Published: November 2011

The structural and optical properties of virgin and gamma rays irradiation on aromatic polymers (PET, PES and Kapton) at various doses varying from 16 to 300kGy. The optical and Structural studies have been observed by using UV-VIS Spectroscopy and Powder X- Ray Diffration techniques. The diffraction pattern of virgin samples shows that polymers are semi crystalline in nature. But due to irradiation, the overall crystalline peak intensity and crystallite size is found to be increased with increasing dose. The UV-Visible absorption spectra show the existence of the maximum absorption, their shifting and broadening as a result of gamma irradiation has been discussed. Finally the value of direct and indirect band gap in virgin and gamma irradiated on aromatic polymers has been decreased.
Study on the Degradation of Low Molecular Organics Using Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode
Authors: Rong Fei , Liu Jia , Gu Lin Juan , Fu De Gang , Gu Zhong Ze , Wu Wei
Published: November 2011

Boron-doped diamond (BDD) electro- catalysis is one of the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) can be widely applied in water treatment, because the unique physical and chemical properties enable BDD to be an ideal anode material in electrochemical oxidation of aqueous organic pollutants. In this work, electrocatalysis is conducted in research of treating isopropyl alcohol model wastewater and real wastewater of low molecular organics on BDD electrode. Experiments are performed both in static and dynamic mode with a batch reactor and a circulation cell, and the effect of current density is investigated. The results reveal the superiority of dynamic mode in treating model wastewater and real wastewater. And the optimum working currency density of dynamic electrocatalysis for model wastewater and real wastewater are 1.29mA/cm2 and 3.84mA/cm2, respectively.
Sustainability Index Benchmarking in a Semiconductor Manufacturing Environment
Authors: Narayanaswamy Venkataraman , Muthusamy Kanesan
Published: November 2011

Sustainability is becoming an important tool towards our better future. More and more companies are looking into sustainability as their prime focus. Sustainability encompasses responsibilities towards social, energy, water, pollution and economic factors. Sustainability is the ability to sustain. Sustainability Index evaluation criteria and checklist has been created for a typical semiconductor manufacturing industries and the sustainability index has been compared with similar industry. Based on the benchmarking conducted for two plants one of them ranked at 75% indicating high on sustainability index. Benchmarking on sustainability index is a useful measure for shareholders, customers and employees.
Producing Paper Using Pineapple Leaf Fiber
Authors: Yusof Yusri , Ahmad Mohd Rizal , Saidin Wahab , Mustapa Mohammad Sukri , Tahar Mohd Salleh
Published: November 2011

Experiments using pineapple leaf fiber as raw material in paper production have been conducted to assess the advantages in terms of mechanical properties, especially tensile strength, tearing strength and thickness of the paper. In this paper, samples of pineapple leaf fiber is mixed with a recycle newspapers in different composition of which is, 25%, 35%, 45%, 55%, 65% and 75% pineapple leaf fibers mixed with 75%, 65%, 55% , 45%, 35% and 25% of the recycle newspapers. The mixtures have been tested for mechanical properties and thickness by using the Universal Testing Machine (UTM) and micrometers. The results from tensile and tearing tests were then compared with data obtained from previous experiments. Through the observation of the experiment, it was found that the data obtained with similar experiments conducted previously. The results have been proved in tears testing and stress testing. Tearing test data shows that the longer the beating time imposed on the mixture, the lower the tearing force required to tear the paper samples. On the other hand, the tensile test results shows, the longer time beating the bear on the mix, the higher the tensile force should be imposed on the sample. The experimental results can help in the formulation of the pineapple leaf fiber-based paper production in accordance to the usage.
Influence of Slag and Slag Cement on the Strength of Sustainable Concrete
Authors: Karim Md. Rezaul , Zain M.F.M.
Published: November 2011

Cement is an essential constituent for the production of concrete. Nowadays, the supplementary use of cement such as industrial by-product and agricultural waste material has become an integral part of concrete construction due to their cost effective and sustainable environmental benefits. The industrial (metallurgical) by product-Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GBFS) contains a non-crystalline silicon dioxide with high specific surface area and high pozzolanic reactivity. The use of GBFS either in cement or concrete has been increased due to its better performance in concrete in terms of strength and durability. In this paper, a critical review on the influence of slag and slag cement on the strength of sustainable concrete has been presented. The researches carried out in the past on the use of GBFS as partial replacement of cement in mortar and concrete, basically, the strength development of GBFS blended concrete and cement are reviewed in this study. These test results confirmed that the strength of cement mortar and concrete is varied with percent of slag replacement, fineness of slag and cement used, curing temperature as well as curing method. Based on the information available in literature, slag and slag cement could be a valuable material for the production of sustainable concrete.
Effect of Low Concentration Alkali and Ultrasound Combination Pretreatment on Biogas Production by Stalk
Authors: Wang Yong Ze , Chen Xiong , Wang Zhi , Zhao Jin Fang , Fan Ting Ting , Li Dong Sheng , Wang Jin Hua
Published: November 2011

Rice stalk were pretreated using low concentration alkali and ultrasound combination pretreatment, biogas anaerobic fermentation were used to estimate the pretreatment. The results showed that daily mean biogas production using combined pretreatment stalk was 35.32-48.42% higher than that merely using low concentration alkali pretreatment stalk, 67.79-76.65% higher than that of unpretreated stalk. pH of fermentation broth showed no difference using different pretreatment methods. The content of lignin in lignocellulose were remarkably decreased when low concentration alkali and ultrasound combination pretreatment was used to deal with stalk, almost 41.01% lignin in stalk degraded.
A Solar Array Simulator Using a Buck Configuration for Small Communications Satellites
Authors: Salinas C. , Zhou Yuan Jun
Published: November 2011

The purpose of this paper is to describe a solar array simulator to reproduce the I-V curve characteristics of solar panel modules using software. The simulator takes the storage data of I-V curves to use it as reference control to match the actual output of buck circuit with the selected module under test.
Research on Heat-Supply Energy Conservation Supervisory Controlling System in the Substation with Peak-Shaving Boiler
Authors: Wang Xiao Yuan , Deng Sheng Chuan , Qi Wei Gui
Published: November 2011

Heat supplies not only consume large amounts of energy, but also are very inefficient. However, in this case, a monitored control system which will realize 10% energy conservation in heat supplying is designed. This system has a two layer structure: one on-spot control layer and one upper supervisory layer. The former is exploited by PLC; the latter supervise and control the former via GPRS wireless communications. The Internet network will also in this system monitor any of the substations far away from the controlling centre. In this paper, the control scheme, hardware and software of the system will be introduced in detail. Until now, the system has been steadily running for more than 2 heating periods in the station and has pass all the relevant departments’ technical tests.
Research of Torque Control in Large-Scale Wind Turbine
Authors: Li Wei , Xu Jian
Published: November 2011

PID torque damper controller was designed and PID parameters were set with RBF neural network for the torque control of large-scale variable speed pitch regulated (VSPR) wind turbine. The system state equation can be extracted by the process of modal linearization using Bladed software, then PID controller was designed, parameters optimized and verification of design test with the control system of 3MW wind turbine was taken finally. The simulation result shows that the damper controller designed reduces driving chain vibration obviously, the adaptive ability and dynamic performance of system is improved with the use of RBF neural network which makes the system with good control quality.
Study on Simulation for Solar Heating System for Biogas
Authors: Liu Zhan Feng , Su Yuan , Zhang Pei
Published: November 2011

The anaerobic methane fermentation is sensitive to temperature, the higher the temperature, the more vigorous microbial activity, higher gas production. Therefore, the temperature is the main factor of methane fermentation. Northern regions due to low temperatures, biogas will be difficult to operate on their own, the need for digester heating. Solar heating is a heating system, biogas fermentation method. Effect of solar heating on the methane fermentation is one of the hotspots in this field. Using MATLAB to provide dynamic system modeling and simulation package Simulink, solar heating methane fermentation system model and algorithm, select the appropriate module on the biogas fermentation solar heating simulation, the method for solar heating in north China to provide a methane fermentation system some new ideas.
Modular Design of Standard Plant Based on Simulation of Architectural Physical Environment
Authors: Zhu Dong Dong , Zhuang Xue Wei , Sheng Jing , Ding Qiang
Published: November 2011

It is of great significance on the industrial development that how to deal with the contradiction between plant’s diversity and plant’s fixed form. In this paper, taking the case of standard plant design of Da Huangshan mining subsidence standard, Xuzhou City, the modular design based on Simulation of Architectural Physical Environment so as to improve the indoor environmental quality of plant.
Simulation on Natural Ventilation in Double-Skin Curtain Wall
Authors: Zhu Xiao Tian , Huang Wen Yao , Yao Wen Chao , Xiong Ming Hui
Published: November 2011

Natural ventilation and air temperature in glass curtain wall was investigated. A three dimension model of a four span, three floor building with double-skin glass curtain wall was built. Different outlet configurations and the effect on ventilation vector flow as well as temperature distribute were studied. The results show that under the condition of whole outlet area being a constant, large number outlet configuration provides better natural ventilation and stable temperature distribution.
Analysis on the Applicability and Control Strategies of Using CO2 to Control Fresh Air
Authors: Zou Tong Hua , Cao Fa Li
Published: November 2011

Outdoor air load plays a significant role in the air-condition system. Reducing the quantity of fresh air can be used to achieve the goal of energy saving as well as getting a comfortable environment indoor. The concentration of CO2 is used as the indicator of measuring the quality of air indoor and it becomes a new method of controlling fresh nowadays. The conference room is taken as an example, and is commutated with ACH method, Minimum air method and CO2 controlling fresh air method. The conclusions are as follows: If it is in the same situation,1. When there are less than 60 people, with the ACH method it costs the most fresh. That is, its energy consumption is the largest. 2. When there are 60~76 people, the CO2 controlling fresh air method needs the least fresh air. That is, it costs the minimum energy. The ACH method and the Minimum air method are all designed in accordance with the maximum load. So with these methods it can lead to a great waste of energy. 3. When there are more than 76 people, the former two methods can’t meet the health requirements. In the end the strategy of CO2 controlling fresh air method is given.
Analysis of Material and Energy Flow Variation for Energy Saving and Consumption Reduction in Pelletizing Process
Authors: Zhao Hui , Song Zhen
Published: November 2011

To explore the mechanism for saving energy and reducing consumption in pelletizing process, the pelletizing process is decomposed correlatively into two parts: the material flow process and energy flow process. On this basis, it is studied that the physical and chemical changes and the flow mechanism in ferrite flow and carbon flow respectively, by analyzing the changes and conversion of the ferrite and carbon flow in pelletizing process, variation of material and energy flow has been summarized, using the law to guide the production, minimizing consumption of energy and maximizing resource utilization will be achieved. It provides another path to reduce energy consumption for steel plant.
Simulation Studies for Doubly-Fed Wind Generator Based on Neural Network Internal Model Control
Authors: Liu Jun , Chen Jing Ru
Published: November 2011

Wind power is a clean and renewable energy, and its exploitation is developing rapidly across the world. The Variable Speed Constant Frequency (VSCF) wind power generation system requires the doubly-fed wind generator (DFIG) to have high response as well as good robustness. DFIG will be affected both by internal disturbance of parametic variations and external disturbance of the load torque oscillation. The dynamics of the current response of the present PI controlled rotor may be in bad condition. In addition, the above disturbances reduce efficiency and stability of the wind turbine. Internal model control (IMC) is a kind of control strategy based on mathematical model to design the controller, it has advantages such as simply to design, robustness, convenient to research. Compared with PI control, IMC has a faster response, and is insensitive to the parameter variation and disturbances, but the IMC highly depends on accurate model of the controlled object. To solve this problem, combine the neural networ and IMC to design the neural network internal model controller .The simulation indicates that the dynamic performance and the anti-interference ability of DFIG are improved.
DFIG Wind Power Generation Based on Direct Two-Stage Matrix Converter
Authors: Wang Jun Rui , Zhong Yan Ru
Published: November 2011

In this paper, a topology for a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) using a direct Two-stage Matrix Converter (TSMC), connected between the stator and the rotor, is presented. The input stage is connected to the grid and provides the required dc voltage for the output stages. Space vector modulation is used for the input stage producing the maximum dc voltage, with unity power factor operation at the TSMC grid-side input. Each of the output stage is connected to the rotor of a DFIG. The control of the generator rotor currents is carried out using standard vector control approach with a reference frame aligned with stator flux. The entire system is modeled and the results are presented to show the feasibility of the proposed scheme.