bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advancing Education: Using Mobile Electronics To Deliver Communications
Authors:   , Aljaber Zahrah
Published: February 2023

Based on gender, age, education level, online shopping, economic state, and level of development, this thesis discusses the kinds of electronic communication devices which are used in Arabic countries. Also, the internet, cellphone usage, and how electronic communication technology effect individual's lives in Arabic countries will be studied. As a developing Arabic country, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is seeking to use the best methods of digital education. Spending on education technology in the UAE is one of the highest in the world. The UAE is constantly looking to better the educational system. The economy in UAE has developed into a modern state. The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is another an Arab Kingdom in the Middle East. This research discusses the importance of the information and communication sectors in Jordan. These sectors, as well as telecommunications and technology, business banking, the internet and e-commerce solutions, online shopping, and communication centers are the fastest growing areas in Jordan. Finally, Saudi Arabia has the highest reserves of national oil in the world. Recently, Saudi Arabia has developed rapidly because of its oil exports, so quality of life for citizens has improved. The government has provided an inexpensive distribution of electrical power, which helps advance internet use. Also, the improvement of the living level, and the internet and cellular phones have entered into people’s lives which bring more convenience to communicate in Saudi Arabia, especially in education.
The Effects Of Creativity On Mood Enhancement Caused By Laughter Therapy
Authors:   , Clark Jennifer
Published: February 2023

This study was conducted to examine the mood-enhancing benefits of Judy Young’s Laughter Therapy and the facilitative effects of high levels of creativity on changes in mood. This program aims to teach participants purposeful laughter so that they may ‘turn on’ genuine laughter at will. Two hour exposure to Laughter Therapy revealed increases in Positive Affect (PA) and decreases in Negative Affect (NA). The full three-week program was conducted with a control group with consenting employees at a school district. The control group included beneficial components of the Laughter Therapy program (i.e. light cardiovascular exercise, diaphragmatic breathing, and social interaction) in order to isolate the effects of the purposeful laughter taught during the sessions in the Laughter Therapy condition. Creativity levels did not influence the degree of mood changes in participants. T-tests did not indicate significant changes in PA or NA when the Laughter Therapy was compared with the control group in the three-week data collection. However, correlations revealed a small change in PA and NA in the anticipated directions for the Laughter Therapy condition. These results may have been influenced by an inadequate amount of participants in the three-week data collection. While Laughter Therapy may be useful for enhancing mood, more research is needed to determine the therapeutic benefits of this approach.
A Study of the Philosophy, Organization, and Staffing of Selected Middle Schools in the Midwest
Authors:   , McClain Ernest
Published: February 2023

This study was initiated to study the philosophy, organization, and staffing of some selected middle schools in the states of Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, and Colorado, from lists of exemplary middle schools supplied by the respective State Departments of Education, eight schools were selected to be visited personally by the inquirer. Also, a questionnaire was prepared to record the answers of the principal and teachers of each school. Some of the main results of the study were: A. Philosophy 1. Four of the eight selected schools reported that they did have a printed school philosophy and that it was developed cooperatively by the staff. 2. The greatest change in philosophy was the change from a basically subject-oriented curriculum to a student-oriented curriculum. 3. Four of the eight selected schools reported that they discouraged inter-student competition in their classrooms. B. Organization 1. The principal and teachers in all of the selected schools felt that they were better meeting the needs of their students with the middle school organization. 2. All of the schools reported little increase in cost of the middle school organization except for some increase in staff and media materials. 3) Most principals and teachers agreed that the middle school allowed greater flexibility of organization and encouraged innovations. C. Staffing 1. The most difficult task in reorganizing a junior high school in to a middle school was changing the attitude of staff members toward working in teams and in cooperative planning. 2. Of the teachers in the selected schools, 40 per cent had previous teaching experience in elementary schools; 40 percent of the teachers had taught in high schools; the remaining 20 per cent of the teachers had taught in the middle school only. 3. All principals agreed that the lack of funds to staff their schools was the biggest problem facing their middle schools. Some of the conclusions of the study were: 1. the one area where little to no change took place was in the schools’ athletic programs. 2. There did not seem to be a common agreement among administrators and teachers concerning the functions and philosophy of a middle school. 3. The middle school tended to develop its own identity and status as an institution with its own curriculum, activity programs, and physical facilities. 4. Most of the selected schools moved in to the old high school buildings rather than construct their own building. This practice may limit curriculum flexibility. The following recommendations were suggested: 1. It is recommended that each middle school should have a clear statement of purpose and function which must be clearly understood by the entire educational staff. 2. A thorough in service program is a necessity for schools contemplating the middle school organization. 3. Teacher education institutions should offer more courses for teachers wanting to specialize in the middle school programs with the State Departments of Education certifying such education and preparation.
Task Difficulty as a Determining Factor on the Activity Levels of First Grade Boys
Authors:   , Hargis Dennis
Published: February 2023

Recent literature suggests that task difficulty is an important factor when measuring activity rates in children (Turnure, 1970a; Turnure, 1970b; Sen & Clarke, 1968). As a result, this study was undertaken to deter mine if activity levels of first grade boys of above average intelligence would increase if a task beyond their capabilities was presented to them. The Key Math Diagnostic Test was given to each child prior to the experiment to determine the difficulty of arithmetic problems. The apparatus used to measure activity was the Ryabik-Farrall Activity Chair (1976). Each child was asked to sit in the chair and participated in one of four treatment conditions each day of the experiment. Two of the four treatment conditions included arithmetic problems that were simple for the child to perform. The other two treatment conditions included arithmetic problems which were difficult. A baseline was taken each day before the treatment sessions were conducted. The treatment conditions were randomized to control for order effects. No statistical differences in activity rates were determined by the experiment.
State Park Selection as Determined by User Health
Authors:   , Phelan Connor
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine whether state park difficulty affected location of travel. This study was conducted at three state park locations within the United States. Surveys and on-site examinations were made at the following locations; Wilson State Park, Kansas, Petit Jean State Park, Arkansas, and Kiholo State Park, Hawaii. Park locations were chosen by varying levels of terrain difficulty, as well as a rating from the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum. Participants were asked to report data via iPads on exercise habits, mobility limiting impairments, and frequency of exercise so a ranking of the healthiest participants could be created according to the standards of the American College of Sports Medicine. General demographic questions and zip codes were also requested for supplemental analysis. Once compiled, the data was analyzed using the Qualtrics Survey Platform to obtain descriptive statistics, graphs, charts, and a location for further analysis. Initial analysis of the descriptive results indicated high overall health levels in Kiholo, moderate in Kansas, and moderate to low in Arkansas. Statistical analysis showed no significance between difficulty and average weekly exercise rates but showed significant statistical differences between the means of mobility limiting impairments and types of exercise performed.
Video Game Performance and its Relationship to Children's Problem-Solving Abilities
Authors:   , Jackson Lori
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the study was to gain information regarding the relationship of playing computer video games to problem-solving ability and task motivation. Subjects in the study consisted of ninety- five school-aged children in the sixth, seventh, and eighth grades. Ninety-five subjects were divided into three groups based upon their computer video game performance: 1) 32 good computer video game players. 2) 31 intermediate computer video game players, and 3) 32 poor computer video game players. The dependent variable for the study was the subjects accumulated scores (on 10 trials) from the problem-solving computer video game, “TETRIS.\ The independent variable was the subjects' scores from the Performance Scale of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R). The independent variable was administered only to groups #1 and #3. The data from the study were analyzed using direct, single discriminant analysis with two groups and one predictor variable. The results showed that good computer video game players did perform significantly better than poor computer video game players on 3 of 5 WISC- R Performance Scale subtests. Those subtests included: Block Design, Object Assembly, and Picture Completion. The results also indicated that good computer video game players did perform significantly better than poor computer video game players on the WISC-R Performance Scale 10. The WISC- R Performance Scale 10 was found to be the most effective discriminator between good computer video game players and poor computer video game players.
Composition and movement in abstract and figurative painting
Authors:   , Dexter Kris
Published: February 2023

The artist's early work was executed rapidly with heavily defined charcoal lines. At that time, subject matter, usually figurative, was placed in situations which stressed the overall composition and design elements of the painting. The artist worked from dark base then to tighter value of the same color, not allowing the paint to build up. The brush was kept dry and only one color at a time was used. There was no mixing of the paint on the canvas, and the dry brush allowed the darker base color to sparkle through. The artist's work then shifted attention to surface form and more thought was given to detail. Old techniques then reappeared adding greater variety of color, texture and form. The human figure dominates the work because of the endless variations which the form could assume. Figures are most generally only shown from the waist up. This Is alt of the human form desired at this time. The variation of skin tone, hair, beard, and the clothing which was possible kept the subject matter mostly figurative through most of the graduate study. It was then felt the need for change and a series of abstracts was started. By abstracting the painting, the artist found forms of color contrasts besides the heavy tine. As a result of experimentation with various media and learning done in the abstract series, discovery areas of transparencies that suggested jewel-like areas of color. The composition and movement again became the stressed objectives, but without the figure to support the subject matter it was found that often a painting was successful solely because the subject matter was identifiable. Working with no subject, just areas and forms of color, composition and visual passages became much more of a mental challenge as how to handle the problems found in the abstracts. This thesis Is only reflective of where my painting has been and some of the things discovered through my work
Suggested Guidelines for the Supervising Teacher of the Fort Hays Kansas State College Summer Laboratory School
Authors:   , Mays Doris
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this field study is to develop guidelines for the supervising teacher of the Fort Hays Kansas State College Summer Laboratory School. The need for this study is established by a survey of former supervising teachers and the staff of the 1967 Summer Laboratory School. The procedures of the study utilize: (1) a survey of historical information related to the Fort Hays Kansas State College Summer Laboratory School (2) interviews with the coordinator and principal of the Summer Laboratory School, twenty-one children, twenty-one parents, and two former members of the Fort Hays Kansas State College Faculty, and (3) a daily diary of procedures and activities of the Exploring SRA group. On the basis of the findings of the study, the following guidelines for the use of the supervising teachers of the Fort Hays Kansas State College Summer Laboratory School are suggested. (1) That guidance be given by the coordinator in selecting appropriate areas of interest. (2) That conferences be carefully pre-planned with provision for adequate, private facilities. (3) That conferences be conducted with the student teacher prior to and immediately following the teaching act. (4) That the student teachers be made aware of their successes as well as their limitations. (5) That student teachers be given a written record of conferences held by both the supervising teacher and the coordinator. (6) That student teachers be permitted to make suggestions on how they think their teaching could have been improved before the suggestions and/or criticisms of the supervising teacher are given. (7) That student teachers should be helped to know and understand children's needs and interests by the use of information from interest inventories and anecdotal records. (8) So that that opportunities to teach should be spaced the student teacher can note improvement. (9) That student teachers be allowed some freedom to plan activities that are not merely the culmination of the supervising teacher's ideas. (10) That student teachers be involved in the ongoing program by having them do something each day. (11) That observation be limited as more active participation is necessary for the experienced teachers. (12) That participation experiences take many forms, such as art workshops, seminars, lectures, demonstrations, field trips, and assisting the supervising teacher. (13) That the supervising teacher have an opportunity to study and review the student teacher records, including the autobiography, so that special needs may be met. (14) That student teachers be made aware of the areas that will be under observation and of the evaluation of both the supervising teacher and coordinator that is submitted as a part of the final grade.
Paleobiology of the Late Cretaceous Shark, Cretoxyrhina Mantelli (Lamniformes: Cretoxyrhinidae), from Kansas
Authors:   , Shimada Kenshu
Published: February 2023

Most extinct modern- level elasmobranchs, including most selachians from the Upper Cretaceous deposits of Kansas, are known only from isolated teeth. However, some specimens of the extinct shark, Cretoxyrhina mantelli (Lamniformes: Cretoxyrhinidae), represent reasonably complete individuals. Unlike studying isolated teeth, examination of associated skeletal and dental elements, combined with taphonomic and biostratigraphic data, provides robust information about the paleobiology of C. mantelli. The neurocranial structure, calcification pattern of centra, vertebral count, and dental formula indicate that C. mantelli is a valid taxon. The scale morphology suggests that C. mantelli was a fast swimming pelagic shark. The total body length of a large C. mantelli is estimated to be 4.5 to 5 m, but very large individuals probably reached about 5.5 m. Synthesis of all anatomical information suggests that the body form of C. mantelli resembled that of extant Carcharodon carcharias or Lamna nasus, whereas the feeding mechanics of Cretoxyrhina mantelli was probably similar to that of extant Isurus. Because some cretoxyrhina specimens provide evidence of ingestion of large active vertebrates (including teleosts, mosasaurs, and possibly plesiosaurs), C. mantelli most likely occupied the apex of the food chain; however, it was probably consumed frequently by anacoracids after death. C. mantelli is characterized herein as an offshore shark.
Experience and Perception of Music in the Elementary Classroom Through the Use of the Recorder
Authors:   , Shaffer Charlotte
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the field study was to determine the relationship of visual and aural musical experiences with playing the recorder. A more specific purpose of the study was to help the writer investigate visual and aural experiences in music education by having elementary classroom students play the recorder. Other music specialists and elementary classroom teachers will be able to use this study to improve their skills in making children aware of rhythm, melody, intervals, and harmony through musical experiences on the recorder.
Rape Education For A Busy World : Creating A Brief Rape Prevention Program
Authors:   , Nilson Jessica
Published: February 2023

Rape occurs too frequently in this country. What legally constitutes rape is a contentious issue and theorists debate the causes of rape. The current study discusses four theories which attempt to explain the causes of rape, including the just world, evolutionary, feminist, and social learning theories. Although theorists debate about the cause of rape, they agree the prevention of rape is important. Rape prevention often takes the form of educational programs requiring a large time commitment on the part of participants. No research study has attempted to use a brief method of rape education. Pornography research has shown educational briefings are useful as a method of lowering negative attitudes toward women and attitudes supportive of violence against women. Therefore, these briefings prevent attitudes that may contribute to rape. This study attempted to use pornographic briefings as a rape education program. The researcher recruited 128 participants from a public university in the Midwestern United States. The researcher assigned participants to one of three groups: the brief educational group, the traditional educational group, or the control group. In the brief group, participants were asked to read the briefing and fill out a survey. Participants in the traditional group watched a traditional rape educational video before completing the survey. The control group participants simply filled out the survey. A series of one-way MANOVAs were conducted to determine if group membership (i.e., traditional, brief, or control) impacted scores on the combined dependent variables. These were conducted separately for males and females due to research finding a significant affect of sex. The MANOVA was not significant for males or females, indicating group membership did not affect Acceptance of Interpersonal Violence, Rape Myth Acceptance, or the Attraction to Sexual Aggression. The research did find females endorsed less attitudes accepting of rape myths and violence against women than men. These findings imply the brief education piece was not successful in reducing attitudes supportive of violence against women and rape myths. There were flaws in the current research including the dated nature of the traditional video. The limitations of the current study result in inconclusive findings and leave room for further research. It is possible that future research will find a brief rape education piece effective.
Psychosocial Rehabilitation : A Mental Health Day Program, Participation and Satisfaction
Authors:   , Chacon Mari
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate the use and satisfaction with services for the severe and persistent mentally ill (consumers) participating in a psychosocial rehabilitation program. The following independent variables were investigated: diagnostic category, gender, age, and the length of time in the program. Scores from the following scales of the Questionnaire of Frequency of Use and Satisfaction of Psychosocial Rehabilitation Services Provided by a Mental Health Facility were employed as dependent variables: Supported Employment, Psychosocial Rehabilitation, Community Case Management, Individual Therapy, and Satisfaction. The sample consisted of sixty-seven consumers. Four composite null hypothesis was tested at the .0500 level employing a three-factor analysis of variance (general linear model). A total of 70 comparison were made plus 70 recurring. Of the 70 comparisons 20 were for main effects and 50 were for interactions. Of the 20 main effects 5 were statistically significant at the .0500 level. The following main effects were statistically significant: 1. The independent variable age for the dependent variable Supported Employment, 2. The independent variable diagnostic category for the dependent variable Community Case Management, 3. The independent variable gender for the dependent variable Community Case Management, 4. The independent variable diagnostic category for the dependent variable Community Case Management, and 5. The independent variable gender for the dependent variable Supported Employment. Of the 50 interactions 3 were statistically significant at the .0500 level. The following interactions were statistically significant: 1. The independent variables gender and age for the dependent variable Satisfaction, 2. The independent variables diagnostic category and the length of time in the program for the dependent variable Satisfaction, and 3. The independent variables gender and the length of time in the program for the dependent variable Supported Employment. The results of the present study appeared to support the following generalizations: 1. Consumers ages 18-37 use Supported Employment more than older consumers, 2. Consumers diagnosed as schizophrenic and mood disorder and other use Community Case Management more than those diagnosed as schizophrenic or mood disorder, 3. Male consumers use Community Case Management more than female consumers, 4. Gender and age of the consumer should be interpreted concurrently for the dependent variable Satisfaction, 5. Gender of the consumer and the length of time in the program should be interpreted concurrently for the dependent variable Supported Employment, and 6. The diagnostic category and the length of time in the program for the consumer should be interpreted concurrently for the dependent variable Satisfaction.
Some Aerodynamic Considerations of Bats
Authors:   , Farney John
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this investigation is to determine relationships between speeds and intermembral lengths and supporting surfaces of 23 species of bats. The indices used were aspect ratio, total loading, wing span, wing area, uropatagial area, length from the wrist to the tip of the wing, and forearm. Generally the more maneuverable bats were found to be smaller, with a lighter loading per unit area, and a larger uropatagial area in comparison to the wing area. The speed, in general, was found to be closely correlated to the overall size of the bat. Determining flight speed by a single index was found to be best accomplished by suing aspect ratio, although single index was found to be infallible in all cases.
A Comparison of Two Methods of Determining the Metabolic Rate of the Cotton Rat, Sigmodon Hispidus
Authors:   , Joyce Linda
Published: February 2023

Metabolic rates of adult cotton rats, Sigmodon bispidus, were determined for the summer season by a recently developed field method based on food consumption and by a laboratory-based oxygen consumption method. The metabolic rate as determined by the field method (0.308 kcal/g/day) was not significantly different from that (0.183 kcal /g/day) obtained in the laboratory. However, the oxygen consumption method was preferable because it required less time and additional data (i.e. the amount of time spent in the nest and the activity periods) concerning the behavior of the animal could be obtained.
A Nesting Study of the Pine Siskin (Spinus Pinus) at Hays, Kansas
Authors:   , Nonhof Arthur
Published: February 2023

Nesting of the Pine Siskin (Spinus pinus) was studied at Hays, Kansas during the springs of 1978 and 1979. Although Hays represents an isolated outpost beyond the major range of the Pine Siskin, no important differences in breeding biology were noted. Breeding populations were similar both seasons despite extreme differences in winter populations. Aspects of breeding biology studied included type and duration of nest building and nest placement (in pine, juniper and spruce trees). Mean clutch size (3 .1), mean incubation period (14.3 days) and mean fledging period (12.8 days) were determined. Hatching success and fledging success were determined and compared for nests in each of the three conifer types used as nest sites. Measurements (weight, beak length, tarsus length, tail length, length of fourth primary) of young were recorded daily to establish regression coefficient values of growth rate for the Hays nesting population. The influence of temperature upon the date of nesting was studied and compared with findings of an earlier study in Nebraska.
Integration of Organic and Geometric Structural Forms
Authors:   , Simmons Glenn
Published: February 2023

At the beginning, man fashioned his tools and implements from found objects, preserving much of their original organic form. Modern technology has made it possible to construct such items with a geometric precision that destroys this natural appearance. It has been my objective to create a compatible aesthetic compromise between the elements or nature and technology.
Sedimentary Analysis of Alluvial Fill (Sand and Gravel Pits) Along Thesaline and Smoky Hill Rivers, Ellis County, Kansas
Authors:   , Caprez Lionel
Published: February 2023

Alluvial fill deposits associated with the Saline and Smoky Hill Rivers in Ellis County, Kansas were examined for variation in particle size, quartz-feldspar ratios, and heavy minerals. A selection of six sample localities was made on each river, each locality being a sand and gravel pit exposed in the terrace. Eighteen samples were taken from the high terrace of the Saline River and eighteen samples from the Pfeifer terrace of the Smoky Hill River. Quartz-feldspar ratios were run and the results demonstrated quartz varies randomly from 73% to 82% along the Smoky Hill River and from 76% to 85% along the Saline River. Five major statistical parameters: 1) median diameter, 2) graphic mean diameter, 3) inclusive graphic standard deviation, 4) inclusive graphic skewness, and 5) graphic kurtosis were used to interpret the numerical results of the sieved samples. Results indicate median grain size is very close to 0.000, values for graphic kurtosis are very close to 1.00 (mesokurtic), and graphic inclusive skewness indicates coarsely skewed material with graphic standard deviation index indicating poorly sorted material. All parameters vary randomly with no regular pattern with downstream distance. The heavy mineral assemblage found in the Saline and Smoky Hill Rivers samples indicated the ultimate source area is composite in nature, made up of at least three different rock types: 1) acid igneous, 2) high rank metamorphic, and 3) basic igneous.
A Study of The Relationship Existing Between Certain Insects and Some Native Western Kansas Forbs and Weedy Plants
Authors:   , Brandhorst Carl
Published: February 2023

To the casual observer perhaps no sight could be more commonplace than that of an insect alighting upon a Kansas sunflower. But the relationship which exists between plant and insect is a matter which is often unknown even to the specialist. And yet a lack of understanding of these relationships has at times resulted in inconvenience, loss and even in calamity. To determine the relationship which certain insects bear to some of our native western Kansas forbs and weedy plants is the purpose of this study.
A 16S & ITS Soil Microbiome Analysis of Native & Old-World Bluestem Invaded Soils of Kansas Grasslands
Authors:   , Nelson Zachary
Published: February 2023

Invasive species are becoming an increasing problem throughout the world. Their effect on local ecosystems is detrimental and widespread, harming productive efforts such as biomass accumulation, forcing native species (plant, animals, microbes) out, and ultimately, reducing biodiversity. Investigations of how invasive plants spread are widely studied; however, there has been little to no examination of how native plants influence the microbiome in the surrounding soil. In this study, I performed a fungal and bacterial metagenomic analysis of the soil and root microbiomes of both native grasslands and grasslands invaded by Old-World Bluestem Grasses to help determine if they influence the soil microbiome to assist in their invasion. Old-World Bluestem Grasses are grasses in the Bothriochloa genus, namely Bothriochloa ischaemum and Bothriochloa bladhii. Utilizing the QIIME2 software platform, I performed a variety of comparative diversity analyses between the two types of grasslands sampled across Kansas. The fungal portion of the microbiome seemed mostly unaffected by species of grass and their native vs. invasive status; however, location played a much large role in which fungi were present and their abundance. The bacterial component was also mostly unaffected by any variable; these being species, nativity, and location. This result may have been strongly influenced by both poor read count and the number of operational taxonomic units that could be assembled. In conclusion, location was what affected the fungal microbiome with nativity showing a measurable but insignificant effect; the bacterial portion was inconclusive due to the poor read counts and operational taxonomic unit assembly.
Communication Apprehension of Asian Students' Speaking English as a Second Language
Authors:   , Xiao Xin
Published: February 2023

According to McCroskey (1984), Communication Apprehension (CA) refers to an individual’s fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with others. There are numerous studies on various aspects of CA since the 1970s, but only a few focus on CA for English As-A-Second-Language (ESL) speakers. This study addresses the communication apprehension of the non-native English speakers who study at Fort Hays State University (FHSU) in the U.S. This research is designed to study the association of CA with ESL. By distributing surveys to Asian students at FHSU, this research project begins to probe the Communication Apprehension experience of Asian students at FHSU. In this study, two CA scales were used to test the CA scores of Asian students. One is the Personal Report of Communication Apprehension (PRCA-24), and the other is the Willingness To Communicate (WTC), Overall. Asian students reported higher PRCA-24 scores than U.S average scores when speaking in their native language and in English, and lower WTC scores when speaking in English as compared to their native language. The Japanese sample reports a significantly higher CA mean score than that of Chinese students. And, the Japanese students reported lower WTC scores than Chinese students when speaking in both their native language and in English. The findings are discussed in reference to English as a Second Language.
Hyperstatic
Authors:   , Mahanna Zane
Published: February 2023

Hyperstatic is a designation given to structural elements when internal and external forces acting upon them are unable to be definitively calculated. The integrity of equilibrium therefore remains undetermined. The juxtaposition of literal, architectural forms, against the metaphorical, structural, hierarchies that govern society, seeks to question the very nature of humanity’s equilibrium often with a dose of comedic elements. The subversive humor manifested in my work is employed not only to make light of serious questions about the nature of existence, but also to disarm the viewer of preconceived notions about the esoteric seriousness of high art. This thesis catalog is a representation of these concepts in sculptural form.
The Neo-Humanistic Criticism Of Irving Babbitt.
Authors:   , McCord Carrie
Published: February 2023

This thesis is an exploration of the Neo-Humanistic themes in the works of Irving Babbit.
A Study of Free Groups
Authors:   , Huebner Dennis
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this paper is to develop and discuss a particular type of group, the free group. First the construction of the group is given, followed by the proof that it is in fact a group and a discussion of its properties. Included in this discussion are several formal proofs of some of its properties, and examples of free groups. One of these properties relates free groups to the theory of groups as a whole J and it states: \Every group is isomorphic to a factor group of a free group\ [3, p.128]. Closely related to this property is the topic of defining relations, which is then developed, discussed and exemplified.
The Effect of Monochromatic Infrared Energy and Interferential Stimulation on Hamstring Pain
Authors:   , Kriley Timothy
Published: February 2023

This study compared two treatments used for rehabilitative purposes following injury with attention on practical application in a sports medicine setting. The two treatments under investigation involved different approaches 10 rehabilitation. The Anodyne system used a monochromatic infra-red energy source (MIRE) whereas the Interferential Current Stimulation (IFC) used two electrically generated interference waves to facilitate tissue response. The investigation was designed to detem1inc if there was a significant difference in (1) the reduction of pain resulting from induced eccentric hamstring injury following the five day treatment protocols using MIRE or IFC, (2) the reduction of pain resulting from induced eccentric hamstring injury immediately following each treatment protocol using the MIRE or IFC, and (3) in the number of days required to achieve the reported pre injury levels of pain using the MIRE or IFC. Currently there is limited research on the use of Anodyne Therapy in a Sports Medicine setting. Data obtained through this study should indicate effectiveness of treatment using the Anodyne Therapy System when compared to IFC. The participants of this study included 14 male and 16 female college students with ages ranging from 18 to 22 years. Each volunteer participant was assigned to a treatment protocol based upon the order in which the participant signed up to equalize the numbers within each group. Groups consisted of (1) Anodyne treatment, (2) IFC treatment, and (3) the control group. Participants were asked to perform single leg dumbbell lunges sufficient to induce a simulated eccentric hamstring injury. The following day the participants began their assigned treatment protocol of five consecutive days. A single analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey Post-Hoc statistics were utilized to determine if there was a significant difference in the three variables. The ANOVA revealed a significant difference in the (1) reduction of pain after the five day treatment protocol and (2) reduction of pain following each treatment. No significant difference was noted in the numbers of days to achieve the reported pre-injury level of pain. Upon further examination using the Tukey post-hoc test, the source of the significant differences (ANOYA) was due to comparisons with the control group only. No significant differences existed between the Anodyne treatment group and the IFC treatment group.
Fort Wallace : A Frontier Post During the Indian Wars
Authors:   , Hurt Ray
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this thesis, FORT WALLACE: A FRONTIER POST DURING THE INDIAN WARS, is to survey the history of Fort Wallace, Kansas, from 1865 to 1882. The history of this frontier post is set within the total scope of frontier army life during the Indian Wars. Fort Wallace was significant in protecting commerce along the Smoky Hill Trail, in protecting the construction of the Kansas Pacific Railroad, in the protection of settlers, and in the military defeat of the Indians. The presence of Fort Wallace in western Kansas prohibited the Indians from greatly restricting travel, settlement, and the westward movement of white civilization. The first chapter surveys military policy in regard to the Plains Indians and the establishment of Fort Wallace for the protection of the Smoky Hill Trail. The construction and development of the post from 1865 to 1876 is presented in the second chapter. Attention is given to the size, style, and manner in which the post was constructed. The military activity of the troops garrisoned or operating out of the base at Fort Wallace is investigated. Indian attacks on the post, the Kidder Massacre, the battle at Beecher's Island, and Indian activity in the vicinity of Fort Wallace are related. Medical problems, especially the cholera epidemic of 1867, are also surveyed. Photographs of the post site, both past and present, are utilized to show post design, constructions, and cemetery. Finally, tables recording the post traders, the post surgeons, and the commanding officer s at Fort Wallace are included.
A Naturalistic Investigation of the Effects of Immediate Reinforcement History on Gambling Decisions
Authors:   , Robinson Analee
Published: February 2023

A naturalistic study was made of the risk-taking behavior of 120 subjects on a TV quiz program. Final wagers in a series showed a significant positive correlation between amount of capital and amount wagered. Significant negative correlations were found between capital and proportion wagered, and capital and degree of riskiness. On regular trials in the series preceding the final wager, capital and both amount wagered and degree of riskiness were positively correlated. A 2-loss sequence preceding the final wager was followed by a greater proportion of capital wagered than was a 2-win sequence. Analysis of the complete series of win-loss consequences and final wagers showed a negative linear relationship, with high-ratio losers betting a greater proportion of capital than high-ratio winners. On regular trials, there was a significant relationship between the previous consequence and betting decisions, with winners tending to increase and losers to decrease their next wagers. Subjects who did not participate on a round increased their next wagers more than winners or losers. Results were compared with those of previous laboratory experiments on effects of capital and reinforcement on gambling decisions. An attempt was made to interpret the findings with a behavioral analysis approach.
Flooding tolerance of native and nonnative grasses: Variation in photosynthesis, transpiration, respiration, and carbon isotope discrimination
Authors:   , Waring Elizabeth
Published: February 2023

Invasion by nonnative plants is particularly prevalent in wetlands. While the ecological patterns in wetland plants are well known, it is less well known how flooding-related soil conditions influence the physiological success of introduced species in wetlands. In chapter 1, effects of flooding were measured in invasive common reed (Phragmites australis), reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea), Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense), and native prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata). The four species were kept at four levels of flooding (deep flooding, medium flooding, low flooding, and dry conditions), and their responses were measured after 7 and 28 days of treatment using by a Li-Cor LI-6400 photosynthesis and fluorescence system. Measurements included light harvesting abilities, CO2 fixation rates, leaf carbon isotope ratios, and root anaerobic enzyme activities. CO2 fixation and light harvesting abilities in Phragmites were maximized at deep flooding conditions whereas they were maximized in Phalaris at medium flooding conditions. Light harvesting abilities in Sorghum were maximized at deep flooding conditions after 7 days. However, at 28 days most of the Sorghum had died. Native Spartina had the lowest light harvesting and CO2 fixation abilities after 7 days of flooding. After 28 days of flooding, light harvesting abilities of Spartina were maximized at deep flooding levels, but the rates were lower than Phragmites. In chapter 2, flooding-sensitive Sorghum halepense and flooding-tolerant Phragmites australis (n=5) were flooded to 8 cm depth or kept dry for 7 days. Transpiration, stomatal conductance, boundary layer conductance, and vapor conductance were measured for each. Transpiration was significantly higher in drained treatments compared to flooded treatments for Sorghum. However, transpiration was significantly higher in flooded treatments compared to drained treatments for Phragmites. Thus, there was a significant species x treatment interaction in transpiration. A similar interaction was detected in both stomatal and vapor conductances. Phragmites had increased stomatal conductance when flooded, which indicated a high physiological tolerance to waterlogged soils. This allowed Phragmites to photosynthesize under waterlogged conditions and to be successful as wetland invaders. Further information on the conditions that maximize stomatal opening for Phragmites can help management efforts. By contrast, stomatal conductance in Sorghum was decreased under flooding, indicating a greater sensitivity to flooding. The sampled population of Sorghum is therefore not a threat to invade chronically flooded soils based on these results. Additional work will be needed to test the ability of Sorghum to acclimate to wet environments. Increased photosynthesis rates under flooded conditions, especially in short-term flooding, might help invasive grasses to invade wetland settings.
A Measure of Experienced Control in Divorced Women
Authors:   , Salmon Myles
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to explore one aspect of self-concept in divorced women. The study was concerned with differences in experienced control between a group of wives, a group of recently divorced women, and a group of women who had been divorced for at least one year. In accordance with Experience Control theory, four sources of control were considered: control from inside forces, control over inside forces, control from the environment, and control over the environment. The experience of control was tested in the situations of work, opposite sex, same sex, community, home, other people, and self-in-general. It was found that the three groups did not differ significantly from each other in any of the situations tested. It is suggested by this study that the experience of control is indirectly a variable in the divorce experience. It is suggested that the experience of control is the major difference between divorcees who require psychotherapy and those who do not require intense therapy. These results suggest that treatment should be similar to the therapy used with other people undergoing adjustment problems. The area of concern appears to be the person's ability to successfully deal with stress so that the feeling of being in control is retained, rather than the specifics of the divorce crisis. The EC Scale has been shown to be sensitive to the experiences of a non-psychiatric population undergoing stress, while differentiating it from psychiatric populations.
Relationships Between Induced Uncertainty and Curiosity in Young, Middle Aged and Older Adults
Authors:   , Dietrich Mary
Published: February 2023

The relationships between induced uncertainty and curiosity and between induced uncertainty and learning were investigated in young, middle-, and older-age adults. Participants were asked to select the most frequently occurring words in the English language form words lists. Uncertainty was induced by varying the difficulty of this task. Participants gave confidence ratings about their performance and curiosity ratings about the answers to the tasks. Learning was measured by an incidental recognition test of the correct task words. Results indicated that distinct levels of uncertainty were induced by these tasks. While performance decreased with increasing task difficulty for all age groups, confidence ratings followed this declining trend for young adults only. Decreased performance trends were not reflected in the confidence ratings of older adults. While curiosity ratings about the task were high for all groups, a linear relationship was found between increasing uncertainty and increasing curiosity for young adults only. Results also indicated an inverted U relationship between uncertainty and learning for all age groups. Finally, no age differences were found on state and trait curiosity measures given to all participants.
Correlations on Heats of Formation of Crystalline Oxides
Authors:   , Yu Chung-Hsun
Published: February 2023

The objective of the present work is to formulate an equation to predict standard heats of formation of crystalline oxides. Useful variables in chemistry may be chosen from the set of properties of the elements. This set includes atomic radii, ionic radii, ionization energies, nuclear charge and specific gravity. A complete set of data on heats of formation must be compiled to properly test the proposed equations. Since the equations are primarily empirical correlations, further studies elaborating the physical significance of individual terms will be attempted.
Production Records and Critical Analysis of Grain of Sand
Authors:   , Heape Ronald
Published: February 2023

The following is the written portion of a thesis production of a full-length play, Denny Dey's Grain of Sand. It is not my intention to try to recreate that production on paper, for such an attempt would be absurd when dealing with an art that is concrete yet transitory.