bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LESÕES ESPLÊNICAS FOCAIS COMO INDICADOR DE LEISHMANIOSE VISCERAL: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Scopel Giulia Caroline Paes , Daronco Alexandre
Published: February 2021

Introdução: O achado de nodulações esplênicas em Leishmaniose Visceral (LV) é uma apresentação patológica pouco descrita em literatura. A LV é causada por protozoário intracelular do gênero Leishmania, e é diagnosticada principalmente pela identificação de formas amastigotas na medula, baço ou outros órgãos do sistema reticuloendotelial, geralmente cursa com febre, pancitopenia e hepatoesplenomegalia. Objetivo: Realizar revisão de artigos publicados em literatura que apresentam nodulações esplênicas em pacientes com Leishmaniose Visceral para avaliar a importância desse diagnóstico diferencial em uma investigação clínica, além de observar o prognóstico dos pacientes com essas lesões, o padrão radiológico encontrado, e outros diagnósticos diferenciais para lesões esplênicas focais. Métodos: A pesquisa bibliográfica foi desenvolvida através de uma revisão artigos nas bases de dados: Pubmed, MEDline e Scielo, nas línguas portuguesa e inglesa, foram utilizados os descritores “Visceral Leishmaniasis” AND “Spleen nodules” AND “Hepatosplenomegaly”, com a aplicação dos filtros de 2000 a 2019. Resultados: Foram analisados 9 artigos que totalizam 14 casos de LV com nódulos esplênicos. As lesões nodulares são hipoecóicas no US e hipodensas na TC, associadas a hepatoesplenomegalia. A partir do tratamento com Anfotericina B ou antimônio houve normalização dos exames laboratoriais, melhora clinica e regressão das nodulações esplênicas, confirmando que o protozoário é o agente causador das lesões, e permitindo que a eficácia da terapia anti-leishmania seja monitorada por US. A presença de nódulos esplênicos não deve ser considerada como um fator de mal prognóstico já que os pacientes apresentaram resolução do quadro após tratamento. Os principais diagnósticos diferenciais para lesões esplênicas focais de baixa intensidade em exames de imagem incluem Leishmaniose Visceral, Tuberculose, Linfoma, Doença de Gaucher, Sarcoidose, e metástases. Conclusão: LV deve ser considerada como diagnóstico diferencial de lesões esplênicas focais, e exames radiológicos devem ser incluídos durante a investigação diagnóstica de LV em pacientes com clínica compatível, pancitopenia e histórico epidemiológico positivo para a doença.
ADESÃO AO TRATAMENTO MEDICAMENTOSO DE PACIENTES IDOSOS HIPERTENSOS EM UMA UNIDADE DE SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA EM CASCAVEL PARANÁ
Authors: Schonrock Gabriel Luiz Felipim , Costa Luana , Bender Suzana , Linartevichi Vagner Fagnani
Published: February 2021

A população idosa é a que mais faz uso de medicamento no mundo atual, isto devido às suas limitações e consequentemente ao surgimento das doenças crônicas, como a hipertensão arterial. Este trabalho teve como finalidade investigar a adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso de pacientes idosos e hipertensos. Os participantes pertencem há uma Unidade de Saúde de Família (USF) em Cascavel-PR e tiveram a adesão ao tratamento avaliada por meio da escala de Morisky e Green. Os dados foram apresentados em gráficos e tabelas. Entrevistou-se 80 pacientes, 70% do sexo feminino e 30% do sexo masculino, com idade média de 71 anos. Este estudo mostrou que a população idosa é polimedicada, possui baixo nível de escolaridade, baixa renda, o que pode interferir na adesão ao tratamento. No entanto, os pacientes possuem acompanhamento semestral na USF, e os dados obtidos mostraram uma média de PA 120x80 mmHg, sugerindo que há um controle da patologia. De modo geral segundo a ferramenta utilizada, os pacientes possuem uma boa adesão (média de 72,6%) ao tratamento, porém 26,8% usam Medicamentos Potencialmente Inapropriados (MPI), ou seja, políticas de saúde deverão ser direcionadas para observar o surgimento de novos problemas relacionados a estes medicamentos.
ANÁLISE DA RELAÇÃO ENTRE O ABUSO DE ÁLCOOL E COMPORTAMENTO SUICIDA EM JOVENS ATENDIDOS PELO CAPS AD DE CASCAVEL/PR
Authors: Neto Newton Gustavo de Toledo Nogueira , Pelizzari João Vitor
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar e descrever as características epidemiológicas e psicossociais de jovens entre 12 e 18 anos suicidas, o consumo de álcool e o uso dessa droga lícita como fator de risco para a tentativa de autocídio. Métodos: Pesquisa exploratória de caráter quali-quantitativa de forma observacional, retrospectiva, transversal e descritiva, mediante a análise de prontuários médicos do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial a Usuários de Álcool e Drogas (CAPS AD) na cidade de Cascavel/PR, sendo coletados dados de prontuários médicos entre agosto de 2018 e agosto de 2019 de jovens de 12 a 18 anos, totalizando 268 prontuários analisados. Resultados: Foram registrados 32 casos de tentativa de suicídio no período estudado. Quanto ao sexo, 17 (52%) foram do gênero masculino e 15 (48%) do gênero feminino. Dos 32 casos relatados, 31 (97%) relataram já ter feito uso de álcool. Conclusão: É de relevância para a saúde pública normas que auxiliem na identificação de pacientes jovens que possuam fatores de risco para o suicídio, por meio de medidas que amenizem os sintomas e facilitem o tratamento de forma preventiva. Ademais, mostra-se necessário aperfeiçoar a inspeção das políticas do uso de álcool por menores de 18 anos e realizar programas sobre os danos do uso de drogas.
RADIOTERAPIA HIPOFRACIONADA REDUZ OS IMPACTOS LOGÍSTICOS EM PACIENTES COM CÂNCER DE PRÓSTATA
Authors: Marrafon Sérgio Henrique , Da Silva Davi Lico , Soares Paula De Cássia , Frade Marcelo Nonaka , Madureira Eduardo Miguel Prata
Published: February 2021

O câncer de próstata é o segundo tumor maligno mais comum entre os homens, com uma incidência estimada de 65.840 novos casos em 2020, cujo principal fator de risco é a idade acima dos 65 anos. O tratamento do câncer de próstata pode ser realizado por meio de terapia hormonal, cirurgia e radioterapia. Diante disso, o tratamento com radioterapia convencional é realizado em 37 sessões diárias de segunda a sexta-feira. Já a radioterapia hipofracionada tem apenas 20 sessões, pois a dose total de radiação destinada ao paciente é dividida em uma quantidade menor de aplicação. Assim, o tratamento hipofracionado proporciona aplicações com doses mais altas de radiação, consequentemente diminuindo o número total de sessões. Visto que a cidade de Cascavel-PR é considerada um polo médico oncológico, muitos pacientes moram temporariamente na cidade ou percorrem centenas de quilômetros todos os dias em busca de tratamento. O objetivo desse projeto foi verificar como o tratamento de radioterapia hipofracionada influencia positivamente na logística dos pacientes.  Teve como resultado que dos 77 pacientes entrevistados, 62 são oriundos de 48 cidades diferentes pertencentes a 5 estados. Contudo, 96% dos pacientes relataram que o tratamento mais curto foi relevante em suas vidas.
An Equivalent-Circuit Topology for Lossy Non-Symmetric Reciprocal Two-Ports
Authors: Hernández-Escobar Alberto , Abdo-Sánchez Elena , Mateos-Ruiz Pablo , Esteban Jaime , Martín-Guerrero Teresa María , Camacho-Peñalosa Carlos
Published: February 2021

An equivalent-circuit topology for two-port lossy non-symmetric reciprocal networks is proposed. The circuit topology is based on the eigenstate decomposition. The proposed circuit consists of two immittances and two transformers with a single complex turns ratio, all obtained from the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the admittance or impedance matrix of the network in a straightforward way. The interconnection of the circuit elements is simple and compact, and the real parts of its immittances are always positive. To verify its behavior, the equivalent circuit of two different leaky-wave antenna unit cells is extracted: a series-fed coupled patch radiating element, and the complementary strip-slot. Simulated and measured data are provided for the study cases, highlighting the satisfactory behavior of the equivalent circuit over a very broad bandwidth. A simple asymmetry model is also proposed that can be used advantageously in the analysis and design of non-symmetric two-ports, like unit cells of leaky-wave antennas.
Criminal Record Relief for Human Trafficking Survivors: Analysis of Current State Statutes and the Need for a Federal Model Statute
Authors: Pelto Ashleigh
Published: February 2021

This Note defines criminal record relief and analyzes the effectiveness of three state criminal record relief statutes at protecting trafficking survivors. This analysis is based on State Report Cards: Grading Criminal Record Relief Laws for Survivors of Human Trafficking by Polaris, a leading human trafficking nonprofit. It next discusses the absence of federal criminal record relief and how a statute at the federal level could provide relief for survivors with federal convictions while simultaneously providing a model for states to ensure their statutes incorporate best practices for record relief moving forward. This Note then discusses how Polaris’s report stops short of providing a model statute for states to draw from. Finally, this Note provides a best practice statute based on Polaris’s evaluation criteria and recommends it be added as an amendment to the Trafficking Victims Protection Act.
National calendar, some historical days, our traditions and spiritual values
Authors: Ali Umud Aliyev Ali Umud
Published: February 2021

It is the people who make the history live, the people is the living history. The ancient inhabitants of the universe, our ancestors, our great ancestors created separate calendars on the basis of their experimental knowledge about the change of the year, month and day. The folk calendar, the lunar calendar, the solar calendar, and the lunar-solar calendar are the meanings that human beings have discovered by studying the mysteries of nature. As a result of man's connection with nature in every field, his observation and comparison, a folk calendar was formed. According to the folk calendar, our ancient ancestors, depending on the movement of celestial bodies, falling leaves from above or below in autumn, the position of clouds in the sky, the redness of the horizon in the morning or evening, the behavior of animals, birds flying close to the ground, weather, rain or snow predicted hurricanes and storms, earthquakes, hot and dry summers, and harsh winters.
Prologues, Poetry, Prose and Portrayals
Authors: Deacon Jacob Henry
Published: February 2021

Although by far the most popular use of fifteenth century Fight Books in recent years has been their application to the study of Historical European Martial Arts and interpretations of medieval combat, this manner of learning from them was rarely what their creators had in mind. The following paper, relying primarily on the materials produced by Fiore dei Liberi, Filippo Vadi, Hans Talhoffer, and the anonymous author of Le Jeu de la Hache, will address modern practice and its connection to the source material via a study of the diplomatics of fifteenth century Fight Books, that is to say common tropes that are definitive of the genre. This has been done through analysing the roles of three of these; the purposes of introductions, of the use of language relating to the employment of either a prose or poetic structure, and the importance of the relationships between texts and illustrations. Through this application of diplomatics to Fight Books, the paper shall demonstrate how modern claims regarding authenticity are often overstated and in need of moderation.
Korelasi kemampuan komunikasi matematik dengan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematik terhadap peserta didik melalui model pembelajaran Logan Avenue Problem Solving (LAPS)-Heuristic
Authors: Selvia Mentari Dewi , Santika Satya , Muzdalipah Ipah
Published: February 2021

This study aims to determine the ability of mathematical communication and mathematical problem-solving ability to learners after using the learning model Logan Avenue Problem Solving (LAPS) -Heuristic and correlation between mathematical communication ability with mathematical problem solving ability to learners using model of learning LAPS-Heuristic. The population of the study were students of class VII of SMP Negeri 8 Tasikmalaya. Samples were taken one class at random and the selected ones were class VII I. Data collection techniques used were the provision of mathematical communication ability test and mathematical problem solving ability. Statistical analysis used is hypothesis test. The results of the analysis show the mathematical communication ability of the learners through the learning model LAPS–Heuristic baik and mathematical problem solving ability of learners through LAPS-Heuristic less good model. There is a correlation between mathematical communication ability with problem solving ability of mathematic learners using learning model LAPS-Heuristic.Keywords: Mathematical Communication, Mathematical Problem Solving, Logan Learning Model Avenue Problem Solving (LAPS) -Heuristic.
‘Drawing with My Students’ - The Role of Surrealism in Self-Expression among University Art Students. Analysis of Selected Surrealistic Work by Fourth Year Students at Kenyatta University
Authors: Wango Kamau
Published: February 2021

Surrealistic art is one of the most engaging and intriguing art genres. Surrealism itself is considered to have been the most influential art movement of the 20th century. Started in the 1920s as a literary movement that eventually took on a visual dimension, its foundational principles have continued to influence the thought process and style of many modern artists in the realm of self-expression. In their studies of many disciplines in the art including genres of painting, drawing and sculpture, students of art at the University usually find the concept of surrealism initially difficult to decipher mainly because of the uniqueness of its own description. The dream-like imageries of surrealism are derived from dreams and the unconscious mind; hence, the students have to contend with the derivation of subject matter from an unusual source. This is challenging for most of them since they are used to formulating subject matter from a purely academic perspective and from themes that they ordinarily relate to in their environment or can easily reference. Although students embark on drawing from their first year of study, they are introduced to surrealistic drawing as a unit in their final year. With their drawing background, it is presumed that by their final year, they have attained adequate levels of drawing skills for application in any artistic challenge. This study examines, through analysis of selected works, firstly, the extent to which students are able to internalise the concept of surrealism and apply it in the construction of the artistic composition, and secondly whether their drawings demonstrate an individual capacity for self-expression and the derivation of meaning, through dream-like imageries drawn from the unconscious mind. The students were exposed to preliminary studies and examination of surrealistic work, discussions of subject matter, origination, style and technique in the course of their unit programme. For the purpose of uniformity of medium, they were instructed to work only in pencil. They were subsequently accorded adequate time and space to embark on their work with class presentations and discussions at prescribed intervals. The resultant drawings were many and varied and the ones selected are those that displayed good artistic execution and/or displayed a certain profoundness of meaning or interpretation.
Monitorowanie populacji grzyba Ustilago maydis, sprawcy głowni guzowatej kukurydzy na terenie Polski w latach 2016 – 2019
Authors: Czembor Elżbieta , Frasiński Seweryn
Published: February 2021

Duża powierzchnia uprawy kukurydzy oraz uproszczenie agrotechniki spowodowały nasilenie występowania wybranych patogenów w tym grzyba Ustilago maydis, który jest sprawcą głowni guzowatej. Monitorując jego populację w latach 2016 – 2019 w 9 lokalizacjach, reprezentujących różne rejony agroklimatyczne Polski wykazano istotne różnice pomiędzy latami, lokalizacjami i odmianami dla frekwencji roślin z objawami choroby. Przebieg warunków atmosferycznych w sposób istotny wpływał na rozwój głowni guzowatej. W roku 2017, gdy temperatury powietrza były niższe w stosunku do pozostałych lat badań, frekwencja roślin z objawami choroby była bardzo niska. Natomiast w pozostałych latach dla wybranych odmian wynosiła odpowiednio 26,7% w roku 2016, 32,0% w roku 2018 i 20,0% w roku 2019.W lokalizacjach reprezentujących obszar Polski Centralnej (Lućmierz i Kawęczyn) oraz Zachodniej (Krościna Mała) frekwencja roślin z objawami choroby była najwyższa. W Przecławiu (Polska Południowo-Wschodnia) nasilenie choroby było znikome na przestrzeni wszystkich lat badań. Włączone do badań odmiany różniły się pod względem frekwencji roślin z objawami porażenia Ustilago maydis i proporcje te były powtarzalne w różnych lokalizacjach. Świadczy to, że włączenie do programów hodowlanych genotypów o wysokiej odporności na tego patogena może zapewnić uzyskanie postępu biologicznego dla tej cechy. Monitorowanie stopnia porażenia roślin głownią guzowatą w połączeniu z prognozowaniem warunków meteorologicznych są ważnym elementem w planowaniu integrowanej ochrony kukurydzy.
Diversidad cultural en la educación musical chilena
Authors: Vega Gómez Patricio
Published: February 2021

En Chile, el aumento de la inmigración, especialmente de personas de países del Caribe, se ha sumado a los continuos problemas socioculturales históricos de los pueblos indígenas, implicando cambios más amplios en la diversidad cultural del país. Sin embargo, hay carencia de investigación en la educación musical chilena relacionada con la diversidad cultural, especialmente en términos de las prácticas pedagógicas de los docentes. En este sentido, la investigación busca abordar esta brecha, analizando en profundidad las prácticas pedagógicas de dos profesores de música chilenos en relación a la temática, evidenciando sus consideraciones, enfoques y condicionantes.
Perception of stress in Veterinary Medicine students
Authors: Muñeton Gomez César , Melo Fernando , Moline Mayra , Merchan Ivan
Published: February 2021

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar cuáles son los principales síntomas de estrés percibidos por los estudiantes de un grupo de Anatomía en la carrera de Medicina Veterinaria en la Universidad de la Salle en Bogotá – Colombia, durante el año 2018. Para tal fin, se realizó una encuesta aplicada a 97 estudiantes, las respuestas se estimaron en una escala tipo Likert de 5 puntos. Posteriormente, se clasificaron los resultados de cada pregunta cómo; estrés normal, moderado y severo. Los resultados muestran que los mayores síntomas de estrés se presentan en mujeres, mientras los síntomas encontrados con mayor frecuencia concuerdan con los reportados en población adolescente, como cambios de apetito, sudor frío, sensación de hormigueo, taquicardia y molestias en el estómago. Las manifestaciones emocionales abarcan sentimientos de irritabilidad, miedo, preocupación, ansiedad, agobio, apatía, sueño e indiferencia. Las conclusiones manifiestan que una proporción sustancial de los estudiantes encuestados perciben síntomas de estrés y ansiedad en diferentes niveles. La prevalencia de síntomas de depresión severa encontrada sobrepasa la reportada a nivel nacional e internacional, mientras que la depresión moderada se presenta dentro de los rangos descritos internacionalmente.
Histopathological Changes Associated with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Patients with Baghdad Boil/South of Iraq
Authors: Amal Khudair Khalaf
Published: February 2021

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is an endemic disease in Iraq and it is become epidemic in Nassirriyah city recently/South of Iraq.The following histopathological study were achieved in microbiology dept. at college of Medicine in University of Thiqar, targeting Nassiriyah city in south of Iraq where Baghdad boil is highly distributed during a period of time at end of April 2016. several of tissue (skin) biopsies were obtained by dermatologist under sterilizing condition and at Al-Hussain teaching hospital where the patients have entered for treatment . the result explain the following changing :• marked epidermal hyperplasia with hyperkeratosis .• two small granulomas of macrophages some with vaculation in the dermis .• sever dermal hyperplasia and foliculitis also hyperkeratosis and scab formation.• marked hyperplasia of epidermis , hyperkeratosis and scab formation .
Introduction. Les usages de la culture en sciences sociales : un champ d’analyse fécond pour les sciences de gestion en vue d’une meilleure compréhension des dynamiques entrepreneuriales ?
Authors: Chabanet Didier , Cinalli Manlio
Published: February 2021

Ce texte introductif retrace la façon dont la notion de culture a été utilisée par les premiers anthropologues, puis par les Pères fondateurs de la sociologie, comme fondement de « la » société, avant de souligner le décalage de ces analyses avec des travaux plus récents qui privilégient depuis maintenant près d’un demi-siècle l’analyse des interactions entre individus. Quand elle ne disparaît pas totalement, la notion de culture se réduit alors aux conduites d’acteurs sociaux qui définissent eux-mêmes le sens des situations dans lesquelles ils s’inscrivent.
Entre malbouffe et gastronomie : quelle place pour les food-trucks en France ? Une étude du comportement des consommateurs
Authors: Kachour Maher
Published: February 2021

Cette contribution vise à savoir dans quelle mesure la tendance américaine du food-truck peut séduire les consommateurs français. S’inspirant des travaux de Barrère (2013) sur les schémas changeants de la culture alimentaire, notre analyse tente de comprendre comment et pourquoi ce mode de restauration, largement étranger à la culture culinaire et gastronomique nationale, peut se développer. Une enquête, à la fois qualitative et quantitative, permet d’apporter des éléments de réponses précis à cette question et montre que dans un pays où la nourriture est élevée au rang « d’art, de plaisir et de loisirs », l’image des food-trucks reste globalement mauvaise et est souvent associée à la malbouffe. Pour autant, nos résultats suggèrent que les informations partagées entre clients et propriétaires de food-trucks sur les réseaux sociaux pourraient être un moyen efficace pour créer des « micro-communautés de nourriture » véhiculant une image plus valorisante des food-trucks.
La « culture de l’entrepreneuriat bénévole » : l’exemple de la course du Festival des Templiers à Millau
Authors: Lemoine Laurence
Published: February 2021

Créé en 1995, le Festival des Templiers (FDT) est une compétition internationale de trail – ou course « nature » – qui a lieu chaque année dans les environs de Millau, en Aveyron. L’événement attire aujourd’hui près de 40 000 coureurs et accompagnants. Il repose sur l’engagement sans faille de bénévoles, au premier rang desquels les deux fondateurs du Festival, qui avec l’aide de responsables associatifs locaux, eux aussi bénévoles, ont mis en place un système orignal permettant de recruter et de fidéliser près d’un millier d’autres bénévoles de la région. Dans cet article, nous montrons que le succès de cette opération repose sur une « culture de l’entrepreneuriat bénévole » dont se sentent redevables tous ceux qui participent à l’organisation du Festival. La volonté de faire connaître et de mettre en valeur la région repose sur un même sentiment d’appartenance au territoire qui réunit et transcende tous ceux qui font don de leur temps.
Éveiller à l’éthique pour former des managers inclusifs
Authors: Bruna Maria Giuseppina , Jahmane Abderrahman
Published: February 2021

La notion d’éthique au travail fait appel à une axiologie qui enfante toute une vision du monde. De celle-ci découle une conception des responsabilités incombant à l’entreprise envers ses parties prenantes. Empiriquement fondé, cet article interroge les représentations et les perceptions de l’éthique au travail partagées par une cohorte d’apprenants en Cycle Master d’une Grande École française en management. Le corpus est constitué de 155 Rapports d’étonnement Éthique & RSE réalisés par ces apprentis-managers dans le cadre de leurs alternances ou stages curriculaires. Le traitement des données a articulé une analyse manuelle de contenu et l’usage des logiciels lexicographiques ALCESTE et IRAMUTEQ. Les résultats dévoilent que, en dépit d’une législation encadrant la conduite des affaires et constitutionnalisant les Droits de l’Homme et de l’Environnement et malgré une pression institutionnelle, médiatique et citoyenne croissante, la mise en œuvre des engagements sociétaux des entreprises laisse parfois à désirer. Certes, de bonnes pratiques ont été révélées en matière d’égalité femmes-hommes et d’inclusion sociale, de développement durable et de QVT ( sources d’étonnement positif ). Des pratiques outrageuses (au droit et à l’éthique) ont, néanmoins, été recensées ( sources d’étonnement négatif ) : elles donnent à voir un double décalage entre, d’une part, promesses et programmes et, de l’autre, plans d’action et pratiques effectives. Elles dévoilent, en outre, l’hystérésis des comportements organisationnels. Le paradigme interprétatif proposé fait appel à un double cadrage renvoyant à l’éthique au travail ainsi qu’à une lecture lévinassienne des enjeux de reconnaissance de l’altérité et de Justice en milieu professionnel.
Réflexions autour d’actions de chercheurs d’une université, pour favoriser l’inclusion au sein de leur communauté
Authors: Albert Marie-Noëlle , Lazzari Dodeler Nadia
Published: February 2021

L’Université du Québec à Rimouski est située au sein d’une région éloignée des grands centres urbains. Lors du recensement de 2012, seul 1 % de la population de cette région n’était pas née au Canada. L’objectif de cet article est de comprendre comment des professeurs agissent, en tant que personnes, pour favoriser l’inclusion d’immigrants au sein de cette région périphérique. À l’aide d’une autopraxéographie, il présente trois expériences engageant ces chercheures au sein de la communauté. Elles concernent l’implication en direction des étudiants internationaux, celle au sein d’une association ayant pour mandat l’accueil et l’inclusion des personnes immigrantes et réfugiées et de recherches et d’actions auprès d’employeurs. Ainsi, l’analyse de ces expériences a montré à la fois l’importance de la volonté de personnes de s’impliquer auprès de personnes vulnérables, l’aspect périphérique et homogène de la région dans laquelle se situe l’université, et le contexte de rareté de main d’œuvre.
L’espace sémantique du Dictionnaire électronique des synonymes ( DES ) et les méthodes de regroupement de sens : l’exemple de sec
Authors: Chardon Laurette
Published: February 2021

Le Dictionnaire électronique des synonymes ( DES ) du laboratoire CRISCO (Centre de recherches inter-langues sur la signification en contexte) de l’université de Caen a été initié dans les années 1990. Il a été créé à partir de sept dictionnaires et régulièrement enrichi (semi-manuellement) depuis : il contient à ce jour 50 000 entrées et 209 000 liaisons synonymiques. Le projet de recherche à l’origine de cet outil se fonde sur les cliques et la notion d’espace sémantique. Nous nous proposons dans cet article d’approfondir à l’aide de l’adjectif sec cette notion d’espace sémantique au travers de différentes méthodes de regroupement que nous comparerons entre elles et à la méthode actuelle en ligne. Nous terminerons en exposant des pistes d’améliorations pour nettoyer ou corriger les données de départ de façon à permettre que l’espace sémantique devienne un outil utile pour comprendre la polysémie du lexique du français contemporain pour tous les utilisateurs du DES .
Embarking digital learning due to COVID-19: Are teachers ready?
Authors: Aditya David Sulistiawan
Published: February 2021

The COVID 19 pandemic insists schools to close and embark on the digital environment to keep learning to happen. Implementing this learning in educational settings faces challenges related to human resources and infrastructure issues particularly in developing countries. This study investigated the teachers’ readiness in conducting digital learning in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This exploratory study employed an online questionnaire and semi-structured interviews via either voice calls or video calls to safely gather both quantitative and qualitative data from 62 teachers of 27 different schools in the middle of social distancing regulation in Yogyakarta. The study revealed that the majority of teachers were psychologically, technologically, and pedagogically ready to conduct digital learning. However, the digital learning problem was mostly coming from teachers who teach in rural areas. Students’ technology affordances mainly caused a disparity of digital learning success. The findings suggest that the choice of technology adoption and methodology adjustment can be viewed as a solution to the current digital learning problem. Finally, instead of the teachers’ readiness, the students’ readiness and teachers’ technological pedagogical knowledge are other key aspects of the digital learning success. Thus, these two issues are suggestive for further studies.
Parisians write to the Administration: Interplay between social and spatial boundaries (1920-1945)
Authors: Backouche Isabelle
Published: February 2021

This article combines two of Isabelle Backouche’s current research topics. One is the annexation of the non aedificandi zone, a strip of land 250 meters wide where construction was banned in 1841 because it ran along the fortifications; it was largely urbanized upon its incorporation into the city of Paris in 1919. The other is the massive transfer of the apartments of Jewish families in Paris during the Occupation, overseen by the prefecture of the Seine. In both cases, some interested Parisians – evicted residents of the Zone and families trying to take over apartments formerly inhabited by Jews – wrote to the relevant administrations to plead their case. Analysis explores the spatial and social boundaries mobilized in the arguments of these ordinary writings, which provide an opportunity to understand how various actors work on social norms and allow us to reconstruct their participation in spatial dynamics at several scales that affected the capital city in the twentieth century.
From Council to Commission: Whither Medical Education in India!
Authors: Mathur S. C.
Published: February 2021

No abstract available
Undergraduate Dermatology Curriculum: Perspectives of General Practitioners from Western India
Authors: Thakkar S. H. , Chavda P. D. , Mehta K. G. , Shringarpure K.
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Curriculum revision starts with gathering perspectives of different stakeholders including practicing doctors. It is important to take especially General Practitioners’ (GPs) perspective while revising dermatology curriculum. Methods: This cross-sectional needs assessment study was done among 61 purposively selected allopathic GPs working in rural and urban areas of a district located in western India. We used a validated semi-structured self-administered questionnaire. Quantitative findings are presented using proportions and narrative responses were analyzed by qualitative content analysis. Results: The GPs recommended using a combination of theory lectures and clinical postings for dermatology teaching. 36 (59%) participants suggested multiple clinical postings, 52 (85%) recommended a four to eight weeks clinical posting and all suggested to make the internship posting mandatory in dermatology. They recommended outdoor patient exposure (93%), case demonstration (56%), and case presentation (51%) as educational methods. 43 (70%) and 32 (52%) participants recommended Image Based Assessment and spot cases respectively as preferred method of assessment. 40 (66%) practitioners suggested 10-20% weight-age of dermatology in summative assessment. They recommended that the syllabus should give more weight-age to the common dermatological problems and cutaneous adverse drug reactions. Discussion: The practitioners suggested that the duration of the dermatology teaching should be increased looking at the quantum of the skin patients in general practitioner’s outdoor patient department (OPD). They suggested an adequately long duration for posting in which a complete follow up care can be demonstrated to students on same patient. They recommended use of visual tools for teaching and assessment in dermatology.
Optical coherence tomography findings in toxoplasma retinochoroiditis
Authors: Adıyeke Seda Karaca , Uzakgider Neslisah Kutlu , Doğan Sıla , Aytogan Hasan , Aras Buket , Ture Gamze , Talay Ekrem
Published: February 2021

Purpose:

This study aimed to evaluate the optic coherence tomography (OCT) findings in patients with toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis (TRC).

Methods:

A total of 12 eyes of 12 patients with active TRC were included in the study. At baseline, at the first-month follow-up, at the sixth-month follow-up and at the 1-year follow-up, the TRC lesion OCT and macula OCT were evaluated.

Results:

Hyperreflectivity of the inner retinal layers and an increase in retinal thickness were observed on the OCT examinations of all the patients with an active TRC lesion. The retinal thickness decreased and the reflectivity of retinal layers was disorganized in the OCT images obtained in the follow-up period. Partial posterior hyaloid detachment (PHD) and no PHD were detected in 11 cases and 1 case, respectively. Epiretinal membrane (ERM) had developed in the adjacent region of the scar in 7 patients. With the regression of the lesion, the disruption of the ellipsoid zone (EZ), retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and external limiting membrane (ELM) improved in the adjacent areas. In all the eyes, ERM and the PHD configuration did progress during the follow-up period. Vitreoschisis was found in 4 of the 11 patients with partial PHD. It was observed that ERM developed in all the patients with vitreoschisis.

Conclusion:

ERM and partial PHD were common in the TRC patients, and there was no progression during the follow-up period. Regeneration of the EZ, RPE and ELM was observed in the follow-up period.
Effect of dexmedetomidine on intraocular pressure as an additive in peribulbar block during glaucoma surgery
Authors: Pegu Julie , Purang Amit Kumar , Dubey Suneeta , Gautam Preety , Garg Ritu , Gandhi Monica , Bhoot Madhu , Dutta Parul , Laikhuram Rigalla
Published: February 2021

Purpose:

The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of dexmedetomidine on intraocular pressure (IOP) as an additive in peribulbar injections in glaucoma surgeries.

Methods:

A prospective, randomized, double-blind, parallel assignment interventional study was conducted for patients undergoing glaucoma surgeries at a tertiary eye care hospital in North India. Patients were randomized to two groups, Dexmed group and Placebo group. In the Dexmed group, dexmedetomidine (0.4 μg/kg body weight) was given as an additive along with peribulbar block. The primary outcome was change in IOP pre- and postperibulbar injections (IOP before the block, and after 5 and 15 min of the block). Secondary outcome measures were onset of block, adverse effects (bradycardia, hypotension, respiratory depression, and level 4 sedation), and surgeon satisfaction.

Results:

A total of 104 patients were randomized, 52 each in the Dexmed group and Placebo group. The percentage decrease in IOP was significantly more in the Dexmed group than in the Placebo group both at 5 and 15 min' post block (P < 0.05). At 5 min, the mean percent decrease in IOP in Dexmed group was -10.48, whereas it was 2.85 in the Placebo group. At 15 min, the mean percent decrease in IOP was -22.59 and -9.42 in the Dexmed and Placebo group, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the onset of block and adverse effects. Surgeon satisfaction was significantly greater in the Dexmed group than the Placebo group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Dexmedetomidine lowers IOP significantly in patients undergoing glaucoma surgeries with safe hemodynamic changes and sedative effect.
Comparison of video-based observation and direct observation for assessing the operative performance of residents undergoing phacoemulsification training
Authors: Ghiasian Leila , Hadavandkhani Ali , Abdolalizadeh Parya , Janani Leila , Es'haghi Acieh
Published: February 2021

Purpose:

To compare the video observation of procedural skills (VOPS) method with the direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) method in the assessment of senior residents' performance utilizing the International Council of Ophthalmology's Ophthalmology Surgical Competency Assessment Rubric for phacoemulsification (ICO-OSCAR; phaco).

Methods:

This is a prospective comparative study conducted at a university-affiliated hospital. Six ophthalmology residents of postgraduate year 4 participated. Their performance in phacoemulsification was rated via DOPS and later in a masked manner through VOPS by a single faculty assessor.

Results:

Seventy-one surgeries were evaluated. There were no statistically significant differences between the scores of VOPS and DOPS regarding all ICO-OSCAR indices except “instrument insertion into the eye” in which DOPS had higher scores (P = 0.035). A significant correlation was observed in total scores of “task-specific” (r = 0.64, P < 0.001) and “global” (r = 0.38, P = 0.003) indices between VOPS and DOPS while some subscales did not show a correlation between the two methods of assessment. The Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated that nearly all data points of total “task-specific” and “global” scores fell within the 95% limits of agreement ([-5.84, 6.87] and [-4.78, 4.86], respectively).

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated that VOPS holds promise for a general rating of residents' performance.
A systematic review of gut microbiome and ocular inflammatory diseases
Authors: Shivaji Sisinthy
Published: February 2021

The primary focus of this review was to establish the possible association of dysbiotic changes in the gut bacterial microbiomes with both intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases with emphasis on ocular diseases such as bacterial keratitis, fungal keratitis, uveitis, age-related macular degeneration, and ocular mucosal diseases. For this particular purpose, a systematic search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar for publications related to gut microbiome and human health (using the keywords: gut microbiome, ocular disease, dysbiosis, keratitis, uveitis, and AMD). The predictions are that microbiome studies would help to unravel dysbiotic changes in the gut bacterial microbiome at the taxonomic and functional level and thus form the basis to mitigate inflammatory diseases of the eye by using nutritional supplements or fecal microbiota transplantation.
Effect of induced anisometropia on stereopsis and surgical tasks in a simulated environment
Authors: Singh Pallavi , Bergaal Sitesh Kumar , Sharma Pradeep , Agarwal Tushar , Saxena Rohit , Phuljhele Swati
Published: February 2021

Purpose:

To quantitatively correlate the loss of stereopsis by induced anisometropia with its effect on tasks that require binocular vision and stereopsis, such as ophthalmic surgery in a simulated environment.

Methods:

Thirty-nine ophthalmic residents with best-corrected visual acuity of 20/20 or better OU, with normal binocular vision and stereopsis, were recruited for the study. Anisometropia was induced using spherical and cylindrical trial lenses from +1D to +5D in a trial frame. The residents performed an anterior chamber navigation exercise on the EYESi simulator and the surgical score at baseline and for each level of induced anisometropia was noted. Near stereopsis was assessed by the Randot test and TNO test at baseline and for each level of induced anisometropia.

Results:

Stereoacuity on the Randot test and TNO test were 30 (95% CI, 25.9–34.1) and 44.4 (95% CI, 28.5–60.3) arcseconds, respectively which reduced to 65.5 (95% CI, 48.7–82.3) and 75.9 (95% CI, 15.5–136.3) arcseconds at anisometropia of +1D Sph (P < 0.001) and 380 (95% CI, 309.9–450.1) and 1922.1 (95% CI, 1582.5–2261.7) arcseconds for +5D Sph, respectively for the two tests, (P < 0.001). The corresponding surgical score reduced from 93.8 (95% CI, 91.1–96.7) to 87.5 (95% CI, 79.2–95.8, P < 0.001) for 1 DSph and 55.97 (95% CI, 38.3–73.7, P < 0.001) for 5DSph. There was a strong negative correlation between stereopsis scores and surgical task scores (Spearman's rho -0.86, P value <0.001) Similar changes were seen for anisometropia induced with cylindrical powers.

Conclusion:

Induced anisometropia is associated with a significant diminution in surgical task scores in a simulated environment and this is correlated with the deterioration in stereoacuity. Assessment of stereopsis may be included as a regular part of the screening procedure for ophthalmic trainee residents.
Impact of nationwide COVID-19 lockdown on keratoplasty and eye banking in India
Authors: Roy Aravind , Chaurasia Sunita , Fernandes Merle , Das Sujata
Published: February 2021

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on keratoplasty and Eye Banking in India.

Methods:

An e-mail survey was conducted among cornea surgeons and eye bankers of India. Participants were asked to report their practice patterns for the management of corneal perforation during lockdown, different preservative media used during and before lockdown, and waiting time and waiting time before COVID-19 lockdown.

Results:

Eight of 20 eye banks did not collect corneal tissue during April–June 2020; in contrast, 9 eye banks used to collect around 100 corneas per month during pre-COVID-19 time. Two-third of the surgeons (66.1%, n = 41/62) did not perform any corneal tissue transplant between April and June 2020. Cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive application was the most commonly, performed procedure (79%, n = 49/62) for tectonic purpose during this period. Glycerol was the most preferred alternative preservation method considered by both the groups. More than half of the surgeons (64.5%, n = 40/62) had an average waiting time of <1 week for scheduling patients for keratoplasty in pre-COVID-19 period.

Conclusion:

There is was a significant drop in both corneal tissue retrieval and utilization during during COVID-19 lockdown. There was a felt need for an alternate long term storage media.
Tele-rehabilitation for visually challenged students during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Senjam Suraj Singh , Manna Souvik , Vashist Praveen , Gupta Vivek , Varughese Sara , Tandon Radhika
Published: February 2021

Purpose:

The COVID-19 outbreak poses a global crisis in health care delivery system, including habilitation and rehabilitation services. In this study, we shared our experiences on telerehabilitation services established primarily for students with visual disabilities (SwVD) amidst COVID-19 pandemic and its outputs.

Methods:

Following the lockdown declared on March 23, 2020, the rehabilitative team of a tertiary eye center in north India received information that many visually challenged students (VCS) were stranded in schools for the blind in Delhi, and feeling with anxiety and panic in absence of teachers. Shortly, the room for vision rehabilitation clinic was set-up for telefacilities. The intended services were explained while disseminating the mobile numbers. A semi-structured questionnaire consisting of closed and open-ended was developed to record COVID-19 knowledge and concerns. Inductive content analysis was used to report the qualitative information.

Results:

As of June 30, 2020, a total of 492 clients contacted the team, with maximum from Delhi (41.5%), and predominantly males (78.8%). Around 80.3% of callers were VCS with age range of 11 to 30 years. The two most frequently encountered health needs were itching in eyes (36.1%) and headache (29%). Television news was the most used medium among callers to get COVID-19 information. Cough is a less frequently known mode of transmission (28%), similarly handwashing as a less known for prevention (17.2%). Eight concerns were recorded based on qualitative data analysis.

Conclusion:

Telerehabilitation provides valuable insights and has the potential to address various concerns, uncertainty, anxiety, and fear among VCS during the pandemic.
Dietary associations with diabetic retinopathy—A cohort study
Authors: Kadri Rajani , Vishwanath Prithvi , Parameshwar Devika , Hegde Sudhir , Kudva Ajay A
Published: February 2021

Purpose:

To assess the role of dietary factors in the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in diabetics.

Methods:

This prospective study was carried out on patients attending the outpatient department of ophthalmology for a period of 1 year. An interview-based 24-hour diet recall was used to document average daily dietary nutrient intakes. Each patient was subjected to a comprehensive ocular examination to look for DR.

Results:

A total of 261 patients attending the outpatient department of ophthalmology were the participants for this study. The mean (±SD) age of the participants was 57.73 ± 11.29 years, and 67% were men. One hundred and six participants had DR. Univariate analysis revealed sex, duration, fish (times/week), egg (yes/no), rice lunch (yes/no), rice dinner, rice (boiled/white), and total calorie intake to be associated with DR (P < 0.05). Logistic regression multivariable analysis revealed males (OR: 3.20, 95% CI: 1.65–6.19), longer duration of diabetes (OR:1.05,95% CI:1.01-1.11), antioxidant intake (OR: 3.42, 95% CI: 1.65–7.05), and consumption of rice (OR: 3.19, 95% CI: 1.17–8.69) to have significant association with DR (P < 0.05), with the odds of developing DR increasing three times in these patients. The odds of developing DR were lesser with more frequent (>2 times/week) fish consumption (OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.18–0.94) and in patients on pharmacological treatment for diabetes mellitus (OR: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.04–0.58). Binary logistic regression revealed chapathi consumption (OR: 9.37, 95% CI: 1.64–53.68) to be associated with severe forms and fish consumption (OR: 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01–1.06) (P < 0.05) to be associated with less severe forms of DR.

Conclusion:

Males, longer duration of diabetes, antioxidant intake, fish consumption, and consumption of rice were associated with the occurrence of DR. Participants with diabetes who consumed fish more frequently and those who were on pharmacological treatment for diabetes mellitus had a significantly lower risk of DR and frequent fish consumption could reduce the risk of DR progression.