bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Denitrification, leaching, and river nitrogen export in the Community Earth System Model
Authors: Nevison Cynthia , Hess Peter , Riddick Stuart , Ward Dan
Published: February 2016

River nitrogen export is simulated within the Community Earth System Model (CESM) by coupling nitrogen leaching and runoff fluxes from the Community Land Model (CLM) to the River Transport Model (RTM). The coupled CLM‐RTM prognostically simulates the downstream impact of human N cycle perturbation on coastal areas. It also provides a framework for estimating denitrification fluxes of N2 and associated trace gases like N2O in soils and river sediments. An important limitation of the current model is that it only simulates dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) river export, due to the lack of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and particulate nitrogen (PN) leaching fluxes in CLM. In addition, the partitioning of soil N loss in CLM between the primary loss pathways of denitrification and N leaching/runoff appears heavily skewed toward denitrification compared to other literature estimates, especially in nonagricultural regions, and also varies considerably among the four model configurations presented here. River N export is generally well predicted in the model configurations that include midlatitude crops, but tends to be underpredicted in rivers that are less perturbed by human agriculture. This is especially true in the tropics, where CLM likely underestimates leaching and runoff of all forms of nitrogen. River export of DIN is overpredicted in some relatively unperturbed Arctic rivers, which may result from excessive N inputs to those regions in CLM. Better representation of N loss in CLM can improve confidence in model results with respect to the core model objective of simulating nitrogen limitation of the carbon cycle.
Spacecraft surface charging within geosynchronous orbit observed by the Van Allen Probes
Authors: Sarno‐Smith Lois K. , Larsen Brian A. , Skoug Ruth M. , Liemohn Michael W. , Breneman Aaron , Wygant John R. , Thomsen Michelle F.
Published: February 2016

Using the Helium Oxygen Proton Electron (HOPE) and Electric Field and Waves (EFW) instruments from the Van Allen Probes, we explored the relationship between electron energy fluxes in the eV and keV ranges and spacecraft surface charging. We present statistical results on spacecraft charging within geosynchronous orbit by L and MLT. An algorithm to extract the H+ charging line in the HOPE instrument data was developed to better explore intense charging events. Also, this study explored how spacecraft potential relates to electron number density, electron pressure, electron temperature, thermal electron current, and low‐energy ion density between 1 and 210 eV. It is demonstrated that it is imperative to use both EFW potential measurements and the HOPE instrument ion charging line for examining times of extreme spacecraft charging of the Van Allen Probes. The results of this study show that elevated electron energy fluxes and high‐electron pressures are present during times of spacecraft charging but these same conditions may also occur during noncharging times. We also show noneclipse significant negative charging events on the Van Allen Probes.
Integrated time‐lapse geoelectrical imaging of wetland hydrological processes
Authors: Uhlemann S.S. , Sorensen J. P. R. , House A. R. , Wilkinson P. B. , Roberts C. , Gooddy D. C. , Binley A. M. , Chambers J. E.
Published: February 2016

Wetlands provide crucial habitats, are critical in the global carbon cycle, and act as key biogeochemical and hydrological buffers. The effectiveness of these services is mainly controlled by hydrological processes, which can be highly variable both spatially and temporally due to structural complexity and seasonality. Spatial analysis of 2‐D geoelectrical monitoring data integrated into the interpretation of conventional hydrological data has been implemented to provide a detailed understanding of hydrological processes in a riparian wetland. A two‐layered hydrological system was observed in the peat. In the lower part of the peat, upwelling of deeper groundwater from underlying deposits was considered the driver for a 30% increase in peat resistivity during Winter/Spring. In Spring/Summer there was a 60% decrease in resistivity in the near‐surface peats due to plant transpiration and/or microbial activity. Water exchange between the layers only appeared to be initiated following large drops in the encircling surface water stage. For the first time, we demonstrated that automated interpretation of geoelectrical data can be used to quantify ground movement in the vertical direction. Here, we applied this method to quantify shrink‐swell of expandable soils, affecting hydrological parameters, such as, porosity and permeability. This study shows that an integrated interpretation of hydrological and geophysical data can significantly improve the understanding of wetland hydrological processes. Potentially, this approach can provide the basis for the evaluation of ecosystem services and may aid in the optimization of wetland management strategies.
The effect of loading efficiency on the groundwater response to water level changes in shallow lakes and streams
Authors: Bakker Mark
Published: February 2016

The loading efficiency (sometimes called the tidal efficiency) is often neglected when simulating the head response in an aquifer to water level changes in lakes and streams. This is not appropriate when the lake or stream only partially penetrates the aquifer. In such cases, the aquifer extends below the lake or stream and is hydraulically connected through a semiconfining layer of lower permeability. The loading efficiency is the ratio between the instantaneous head response below a lake or stream and the water level change in the lake or stream. In sand and clay, whose particles are not cemented together, the instantaneous head response below a stream or lake is nearly equal to the stage change, and the loading efficiency is close to 1. New semianalytic solutions are presented for the groundwater response to water level changes in shallow lakes and streams that account for the loading efficiency of the aquifer. It is shown that the loading efficiency may have a significant effect on the head response. The effect is larger for larger values of the vertical resistance of the semiconfining layer and larger width of the stream and is much more pronounced in confined aquifers than in unconfined aquifers. The importance of the loading efficiency declines with time and with distance from the lake or stream. Graphs are presented that may be used to determine whether a certain combination of parameters gives a significant difference in the head at the lake shore or river bank when the loading efficiency is taken into account.
Tension‐saturated and unsaturated flows from line sources in subsurface irrigation: Riesenkampf's and Philip's solutions revisited
Authors: Kacimov A. R. , Obnosov Yu. V.
Published: February 2016

Riesenkampf's (1938), R‐38 (referred to here as R‐38), analytical solution for steady 2‐D flow from a buried line source in a homogeneous Green‐Ampt soil, with a wetting plume bounded by a free surface (capillary fringe), is compared with Philip's (1969), (P‐69), one for genuinely unsaturated wetting of Gardner's infinite‐extension soil. Conformal mappings are used in R‐38, from which we derived the flow net, pore‐water isobars, isochrones, fields of Darcian velocity and resultant force acting on saturated porous skeleton, fine geometry (shape and size) of the constant‐head contour encompassing a mole‐emitter or leaky‐pipe, as well as the dependence of the total discharge per unit pipe length on uniform pressure in the pipe, capillarity of the soil, radius of the pipe, and saturated hydraulic conductivity. An ovalic “water table” isobar, encompassing P‐69 source, is compared with one of R‐38 for a fixed discharge and saturated conductivity but adjusted sorptive numbers. The Whisler and Bouwer (1970) relation between the static height of capillary rise and sorptive number is shown to give a good match between R‐38 and P‐69 isobars. This allows to use R‐38 in the source vicinity and P‐69 in the far‐field zone. Computer algebra (Mathematica) routines are used for visualization of the known and extended R‐38 and P‐69 solutions.
Hydrogeomorphic controls on hyporheic and riparian transport in two headwater mountain streams during base flow recession
Authors: Ward Adam S. , Schmadel Noah M. , Wondzell Steven M. , Harman Ciaran , Gooseff Michael N. , Singha Kamini
Published: February 2016

Solute transport along riparian and hyporheic flow paths is broadly expected to respond to dynamic hydrologic forcing by streams, aquifers, and hillslopes. However, direct observation of these dynamic responses is lacking, as is the relative control of geologic setting as a control on responses to dynamic hydrologic forcing. We conducted a series of four stream solute tracer injections through base flow recession in each of two watersheds with contrasting valley morphology in the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, monitoring tracer concentrations in the stream and in a network of shallow riparian wells in each watershed. We found hyporheic mean arrival time, temporal variance, and fraction of stream water in the bedrock‐constrained valley bottom and near large roughness elements in the wider valley bottom were not variable with discharge, suggesting minimal control by hydrologic forcing. Conversely, we observed increases in mean arrival time and temporal variance and decreasing fraction stream water with decreasing discharge near the hillslopes in the wider valley bottom. This may indicate changes in stream discharge and valley bottom hydrology control transport in less constrained locations. We detail five hydrogeomorphic responses to base flow recession to explain observed spatial and temporal patterns in the interactions between streams and their valley bottoms. Models able to account for the transition from geologically dominated processes in the near‐stream subsurface to hydrologically dominated processes near the hillslope will be required to predict solute transport and fate in valley bottoms of headwater mountain streams.
El Niño and the U.S. precipitation and floods: What was expected for the January–March 2016 winter hydroclimate that is now unfolding?
Authors: Steinschneider Scott , Lall Upmanu
Published: February 2016

Sea surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific exhibited persistent warming beginning in January 2015 and by November 2015 were predicted to deliver a strong El Niño in the coming winter, perhaps the strongest on record, with wide‐reaching hydroclimate impacts. As ENSO continues to evolve over the 2016 winter season, we ask the question: To what degree could ENSO‐related hydroclimate impacts have been anticipated a season prior? We provide a retrospective hydroclimate outlook for the 2016 winter, accounting for the prevailing uncertainties that often pose a challenge to local resource managers seeking to make use of seasonal forecasts.
Emotional Security Theory and Developmental Psychopathology
Authors: Davies Patrick T. , Martin Meredith J. , Sturge‐Apple Melissa L.
Published: February 2016

Emotional security theory was introduced over two decades ago to explain how and why children exposed to interparental and family conflict are at greater risk for developing psychopathology. Using developmental psychopathology as an evaluative lens, this chapter provides a review of the progress, challenges, and future directions in testing EST. After characterizing the distinctive properties of the goal system of emotional security in relation to developmental constructs outlined in other approaches, we review empirical evidence supporting the hypothesis that emotional insecurity is a unique and robust mediator of multiple pathways involving family adversity and children's adjustment problems. Next, the chapter addresses the family, contextual, developmental sources underlying the multiplicity of pathways among family discord, emotional insecurity, and children's psychological functioning. Throughout the chapter, we distinguish between two formulations of EST to adequately characterize the significant developments in the history of the theory. Finally, we conclude by outlining scientific and clinical growing points for EST.
Interpersonal Theories of Developmental Psychopathology
Authors: Rudolph Karen D. , Lansford Jennifer E. , Rodkin Philip C.
Published: February 2016

Interpersonal theories enjoy a long and multidisciplinary history in the field of developmental psychopathology. A core theme is that disruption in developmentally salient interpersonal processes interferes with youths' inherent need for relatedness, creating risk for multiple types of disorders. We review major theories of interpersonal risk—focusing on the family, the peer group, and broader stressful interpersonal contexts—and describe how each theory accounts for the emergence of particular disorders. We then discuss the intersection between interpersonal theories and other theories of psychopathology, postulating how multiple interacting and transacting levels and systems of development (e.g., biological, cognitive, emotional, contextual) jointly contribute to risk for psychopathology. Synthesizing across these broad approaches, we discuss specific integrative interpersonal theories of depression, anxiety, and externalizing disorders. We close with a discussion of ways to enrich interpersonal theories and bridge the divide between theory and practice to protect youth against psychopathology and maximize youth potential across development.
Synthesis and Characterization of Biodegradable Hydrogels for Oral Delivery of 5‐Fluorouracil Targeted to Colon: Screening with Preliminary In Vivo Studies
Authors: Minhas Muhammad Usman , Ahmad Mahmood , Anwar Jamshed , Khan Shahzeb
Published: February 2016

In this communication, we developed a thermally stable, biocompatible, and colonically degradable hydrogel‐based device [pectin‐co‐poly(MAA)] for oral delivery of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) to treat colon cancer with minimal upper gastrointestinal invasion. Toward this end, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) cross‐linked hydrogels of pectin were synthesized. Methacrylic acid (MAA) was grafted to impart pH‐responsive character, whereas benzoyl peroxide (BPO) was applied for simultaneous grafting and cross‐linking polymerization. The hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared , thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and X‐ray diffractometry. Scanning electron microscopic photographs were taken to analyze the surface morphology. Swelling behavior was analyzed to assess better performance of biodegradable hydrogels for optimized loading and release of the drug targeted to the colon. Gel fraction, swelling ratio, diffusion coefficient, drug loading, and cumulative release increased with an increase of pectin ratio and decreased with an increase of MAA and EGDMA ratio. Strategically, hydrogels with higher amounts of pectin were prepared for complete degradation in the colon. Our investigations indicate that pectin‐co‐poly(MAA) hydrogel is a suitable delivery system developed for oral delivery of the drug targeted to the colon.
Kinetics of RAFT emulsion polymerization of styrene mediated by oligo(acrylic acid‐b‐styrene) trithiocarbonate
Authors: Yan Kun , Gao Xiang , Luo Yingwu
Published: February 2016

The kinetics of ab initio reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) emulsion polymerization of styrene using oligo(acrylic acid‐b‐styrene) trithiocarbonate as both polymerization mediator and surfactant were systematically investigated. The initiator concentration was set much lower than that in the conventional emulsion polymerization to significantly suppress the irreversible termination reaction. It was found that
decreased rapidly but the nucleation efficiency of micelles increased with the decrease of the initiator concentrations due to the significant radical exit. The particle number (
) did not follow the classic Smith–Eward equation but was proportional to [I]−0.4[S]0.7. It was suggested that RAFT emulsion polymerization could be fast enough for commercial use even at extremely low initiator concentrations and low macro‐RAFT agent concentrations due to the higher particle nucleation efficiency at lower initiator concentration. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 2126–2134, 2016
Process design methodology for energy‐efficient processes operating below and across ambient temperature
Authors: Marmolejo Correa Danahe , Gundersen Truls
Published: February 2016

This article presents a targeting and design methodology that can be implemented for any process where pressure‐based exergy, also known as mechanical exergy, has an important contribution to the total exergy conversion and transfer. However, in this article it is applied to processes that operate at sub‐ambient conditions, or processes where the ambient conditions are crossed. Exergy efficiencies, new Exergetic Composite Curves, Cascades, and Extended Grid Diagrams are tools that had to be implemented, improved, or invented, to develop a methodology with considerable potential for energy‐efficient process design. The appropriate placement (correct integration) of compressors and expanders in heat exchanger networks is also analyzed to minimize the number of units. An example is used to demonstrate the methodology, where several simplifying assumptions are made to facilitate understanding and to explain the design method. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 2324–2340, 2016
Partial Oxidation of Methane to Syngas in a Packed Bed Catalyst Membrane Reactor
Authors: Yuan Rong‐hua , He Zhenyu , Zhang Yu , Wang Wen‐dong , Chen Chu‐sheng , Wu Hao , Zhan Zhong‐liang
Published: February 2016

The planar membrane reactor configuration was explored for partial oxidation of methane (POM) to syngas. A supported membrane composed of yttria‐stabilized zirconia and La0.8Sr0.2Cr0.5Fe0.5O3‐δ was sealed to a stainless holder, and a Ni/Al2O3 catalyst bed was placed under the membrane plane with a small slit between them. This reactor configuration would facilitate the POM reaction via oxidation‐reforming mechanism: the oxidation reaction occurring at the membrane surface and the reforming reaction taking place in the catalyst bed. At 800°C and a methane feed rate of 32 mL min−1, the reactor attained methane throughput conversion over 90%, CO and H2 selectivity both over 95%, and an equivalent oxygen permeation rate 1.4 mL cm−2 min−1. The membrane and catalyst remained intact after the POM testing. The planar membrane reactor configuration explored in this study may lead to the development of a compact reactor for syngas production. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 2170–2176, 2016
Acquired TERT promoter mutations stimulate TERT transcription in mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Panero Julieta , Alves‐Paiva Raquel M. , Roisman Alejandro , Santana‐Lemos Barbara A. , Falcão Roberto P. , Oliveira Gustavo , Martins Diego , Stanganelli Carmen , Slavutsky Irma , Calado Rodrigo T.
Published: February 2016

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive lymphoid neoplasm with poor prognosis. Acquired telomerase reverse transcriptase gene promoter (TERTp) mutations are among the most frequent somatic non‐coding mutations in cancers. In this study, the prevalence of TERTp mutations in 24 MCL and 21 other lymphoid neoplasias (oLN) was investigated. Eight MCL samples (33%) carried TERTp mutations, two homozygous and six heterozygous (seven C228T and one C250T), which directly correlated with higher TERT transcription, mitochondrial DNA copy number, and IGHV mutational status in MCL neoplastic cells. TERTp mutations were not found in oLN. TERTp mutations correlated with more lymphoma proliferation and tumor burden, as suggested by the higher number of lymphoma cells circulating in peripheral blood, and tended to associate with longer MCL telomeres, especially in homozygous mutants, although not statistically significant. Telomere‐biology genes were overexpressed in MCL cells in comparison to healthy lymphocytes, but were not influenced by mutation status. The findings described for the first time that acquired TERTp mutations are common in MCL but not in other lymphoid neoplasms. It was also demonstrated that TERTp mutations are associated with higher TERT mRNA expression in MCL cells in vivo and higher tumor burden, suggesting these mutations as a driver event in MCL development and progression. Am. J. Hematol. 91:481–485, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
One‐pot synthesis of magnetic palladium–NiFe2O4–graphene oxide composite: an efficient and recyclable catalyst for Heck reaction
Authors: Liu Xiang , Zhao Xiaohua , Zhu Jianjun , Xu Jicheng
Published: February 2016

A magnetically separable NiFe2O4@GO–Pd composite (GO = graphene oxide) was successfully prepared by a facile one‐pot hydrothermal strategy. This new kind of hybrid material was fully characterized using powder X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry. Structural characterizations confirmed the formation of NiFe2O4 and Pd nanocrystals, and the close anchoring between nanoparticles and GO sheets. Additionally, the as‐prepared NiFe2O4@GO–Pd nanocomposite was effectively employed in the palladium‐catalyzed Heck reaction in an ethanol–water system as a green solvent. The catalyst was completely recoverable with the simple application of an external magnetic field and with no obvious loss of catalytic activity even after six repeated cycles. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication of Thickness‐Controllable Micropatterned Polyelectrolyte‐Film/Nanoparticle Surfaces by Using the Plasma Oxidation Method
Authors: Zhu Chun‐Tao , Ma Sheng‐Hua , Zhang Ying , Wang Xue‐Jing , Lv Peng , Han Xiao‐Jun
Published: February 2016

We have demonstrated a novel way to form thickness‐controllable polyelectrolyte‐film/nanoparticle patterns by using a plasma etching technique to form, first, a patterned self‐assembled monolayer surface, followed by layer‐by‐layer assembly of polyelectrolyte‐films/nanoparticles. Octadecyltrimethoxysilane (ODS) and (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) were used for polyelectrolyte‐film and nanoparticle patterning, respectively. The resolution of the proposed patterning method can easily reach approximately 2.5 μm. The height of the groove structure was tunable from approximately 2.5 to 150 nm. The suspended lipid membrane across the grooves was fabricated by incubating the patterned polyelectrolyte groove arrays in solutions of 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (DOPC) giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). The method demonstrated here reveals a new path to create patterned 2D or 3D structures.
Ist Evolution vorhersagbar?
Authors: Pfenninger Markus , Plath Martin
Published: February 2016

Unsere Arbeit nutzt die mehrfach unabhängig erfolgte Anpassung an giftigen Schwefelwasserstoff (H2S) durch den Süßwasserfisch Poecilia mexicana in verschiedenen Quellbereichen mehrerer Flüsse in Mexiko, um die Frage nach der Vorhersagbarkeit von Evolution zu beantworten. Wir sequenzierten Populationsgenome von an H2S adaptierten Fischen sowie von Fischen aus der nächstgelegenen Klarwasserpopulation in zwei Flusssystemen, um das Ausmaß gleichgerichteter Evolution zwischen den beiden Flusssystemen quantitativ vergleichen zu können. In Übereinstimmung mit der Kontingenzhypothese lag der Anteil der nicht‐zufälligen Übereinstimmungen auf den meisten hierarchischen Ebenen biologischer Organisation bei weniger als einem Prozent. Selbst bei der H2S‐Toleranz als Schlüsselanpassung konnten wir verschiedene Mechanismen identifizieren. Diese weitgehend unabhängigen evolutionären Wege der Anpassung gehen auf neu entstandene, unterschiedliche Mutationen zurück.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae – eine Hefe macht Karriere
Authors: Stolzenberg Tobias
Published: February 2016

Die Bier‐ und Bäckerhefe kann mehr als Brot backen, Bier brauen und Krankheiten kurieren. Inzwischen macht der Mikroorganismus Karriere in Biotechnologie und Synthetischer Biologie. Und auch andere Branchen sind sehr an einer Zusammenarbeit mit Saccharomyces cerevisiae interessiert.
Characterization of a bacterioruberin‐producing Haloarchaea isolated from the marshlands of the Odiel river in the southwest of Spain
Authors: de la Vega Marta , Sayago Ana , Ariza José , Barneto Agustín G. , León Rosa
Published: February 2016

In this work, we describe the isolation, identification, pigment characterization, and optimization of the culture conditions for a haloarchaea strain isolated from salt evaporation ponds in the Odiel river, at Southwest of Spain. The haloarchaea belongs to the genus Halorobrum, as deduced from the analysis of its 16S rRNA encoding gene and has been designated as Halorubrum sp. SH1. The growth conditions for the new strain were optimized studying temperature, NaCl concentration, agitation rate and light intensity. The C50‐carotenoids, bacterioruberin, and its derivatives bisanhydrobacterioruberin and trisanhydrobacterioruberin, were found to be the predominant pigments produced by this strain of Halorubrum, as determined using HPLC‐DAD and UHPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS techniques. This extremely halophilic archaeon could be a good candidate for the production of bacterioruberins of high added‐value due to their coloring, antioxidant, and possible anticancer properties. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:592–600, 2016
Williams–Beuren syndrome: pitfalls for diagnosis in limited resources setting
Authors: Lumaka Aimé , Lukoo Rita , Mubungu Gerrye , Lumbala Paul , Mbayabo Gloire , Mupuala Aimée , Tshilobo Prosper Lukusa , Devriendt Koenraad
Published: February 2016

Key Clinical Message

Patients with Williams–Beuren Syndrome can be recognized clinically, given the characteristic dysmorphism, intellectual disability, and behavior. We report on a Congolese boy with typical WBS facial characteristics. He suffered meningitis and coma at the age of 2 years then subsequently presented with profound intellectual disability and atypical behavior. The WBS was only made at age 8.2 years and confirmed with FISH testing and microarray‐CGH. The present report aims to warn clinicians that infections may associate and/or modify a genetic disease as this may be observed in developing countries given the prevalence of infectious diseases.
Local recurrence of pheochromocytoma in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge
Authors: Tramunt Blandine , Buffet Alexandre , Grunenwald Solange , Vezzosi Delphine , Bennet Antoine , Huyghe Eric , Zerdoud Slimane , Caron Philippe
Published: February 2016

Key Clinical Message

In a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A), an inverted physiological ratio between urinary normetanephrines and metanephrines is an early marker of recurrence in epinephrine‐secreting pheochromocytoma, and 131I MIBG treatment appears to be a useful therapeutic option in order to avoid multiple invasive surgical procedures in pheochromocytomatosis.
A Perylene‐Based Microporous Coordination Polymer Interacts Selectively with Electron‐Poor Aromatics
Authors: Tran Ly D. , Ma Jialiu , Wong‐Foy Antek G. , Matzger Adam J.
Published: February 2016

The design, synthesis, and properties of the new microporous coordination polymer UMCM‐310 are described. The unique electronic character of the perylene‐based linker enables selective interaction with electron‐poor aromatics leading to efficient separation of nitroaromatics. UMCM‐310 possesses high surface area and large pore size and thus permits the separation of large organic molecules based on adsorption rather than size exclusion.
ChemInform Abstract: Flexible Ultraviolet—Visible Photodetector Based on HfS3 Nanobelt Film.
Authors: Tao You‐Rong , Chen Jin‐Qiang , Wu Jia‐Jing , Wu Yi , Wu Xing‐Cai
Published: February 2016

The title nanobelts are synthesized by chemical vapor transport reaction of Hf and S powders (quartz tube, 650 °C, temperature gradient about 10 K/cm, 5 h).
ChemInform Abstract: A Pure Inorganic 1D Chain Based on {Mo8O28} Clusters and Mn(II) Ions: [Mn(H2O)2Mo8O28]n6n‐.
Authors: Zhang Xiaofen , Yan Yonghong , Wu Lizhou , Yu Chengxin , Dong Xinbo , Hu Huaiming , Xue Ganglin
Published: February 2016

The new inorganic polymeric compound (NH4)6 [Mn(H2O)2Mo8O28] (H2O)2 is obtained from an aqueous solution containing Mn(OAc)2, (NH4)6Mo7O24, H2SO4, and NH4OH (pH 5.5 adjusted with NH3, 80 °C, 30 min; 48% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: (1,2‐Diaminoethane‐1,2‐diyl)bis(N‐methylpyridinium) Salts as a Prospective Platform for Designing Recyclable Prolinamide‐Based Organocatalysts.
Authors: Lisnyak Vladislav G. , Kucherenko Alexander S. , Valeev Edward F. , Zlotin Sergei G.
Published: February 2016

A new, efficient, and recyclable organocatalyst for asymmetric cross‐aldol reactions under neat conditions in ketone—ketone, ketone—aldehyde, and aldehyde—aldehyde systems is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: CoCl(PPh3)3 as Cyclotrimerization Catalyst for Functionalized Triynes under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Jungk Phillip , Fischer Fabian , Thiel Indre , Hapke Marko
Published: February 2016

A [2+2+2] cycloaddition of newly prepared ether‐ and malonate‐tethered triynes under mild reaction conditions provides the corresponding arene compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Hauser Annulation of Furoindolones in the Synthesis of Carbazole‐1,4‐quinones and Benzo[b]carbazoloquinones.
Authors: Roy Joyeeta , Pal Ritashree , Mal Dipakranjan
Published: February 2016

A facile protocol for annulation reactions of furoindolones with Michael acceptors or aryne precursors is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Spiro[2.5]octa‐4,7‐dien‐6‐one with Consecutive Quaternary Centers via 1,6‐Conjugate Addition Induced Dearomatization of para‐Quinone Methides.
Authors: Gai Kuo , Fang Xinxin , Li Xuanyi , Xu Jinyi , Wu Xiaoming , Lin Aijun , Yao Hequan
Published: February 2016

The scalable metal‐free one‐pot approach delivers the products with up to three consecutive quaternary centers in generally high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Protocol for the Eliminative Deoxygenation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Epoxides to Olefins with Polyphosphoric Acid as a Promoter.
Authors: Pathe Gulab Khushalrao , Ahmed Naseem
Published: February 2016

This method allows the chemo‐ and stereoselective deoxygenation of a wide variety of epoxides under eco‐friendly conditions in short reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Carboperfluoroalkylation of Alkynes.
Authors: Li Zhaodong , Garcia‐Dominguez Andres , Nevado Cristina
Published: February 2016

Trisubstituted perfluoroalkenes are obtained from terminal alkynes and boronic acids with high regio‐ and stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Electrophilic Amination of Heteroarenes via C—H Alumination.
Authors: Yoon Hongju , Lee Yunmi
Published: February 2016

A series of novel heterocyclic amines (III), (V), (VII), (IX), (XI), and (XIII) are obtained through one‐pot C—H lithiation/transalumination and subsequent electrophilic amination.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc‐Mediated Allylation and Benzylation of Phenylazocarboxylic Esters.
Authors: Lasch Roman , Heinrich Markus R.
Published: February 2016

Benzylation and allylation of phenylazocarboxylic esters are achieved under Barbier‐type reaction conditions in very short reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: Manganese‐Catalyzed Oxidative Azidation of Cyclobutanols: Regiospecific Synthesis of Alkyl Azides by C—C Bond Cleavage.
Authors: Ren Rongguo , Zhao Huijun , Huan Leitao , Zhu Chen
Published: February 2016

This novel azidation method allows the synthesis of a wide range of primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl azides with exclusive regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Intermolecular [2 + 2] Cycloadditions of Unactivated Alkenes.
Authors: Hoyt Jordan M. , Schmidt Valerie A. , Tondreau Aaron M. , Chirik Paul J.
Published: February 2016

Both the iron‐catalyzed intermolecular cycloaddition of unactivated alkenes and the cross cycloaddition of alkenes and dienes represent regio‐ and stereoselective routes to cyclobutanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Three‐Component Synthesis of α‐Cyano Acrylates Involving Cascade Knoevenagel Reaction and Esterification.
Authors: Jing Yanfeng , Meng Jiaojiao , Liu Yunyun , Wan Jie‐Ping
Published: February 2016

Cyanuric acid‐catalyzed three‐component reaction of aromatic aldehydes, α‐cyanoacetamide and alcohols affords α‐cyanoacrylates (IV) in good yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine‐Mediated Iterative Arene Homologation Using Allenes.
Authors: Zhang Kui , Cai Lingchao , Jiang Xing , Garcia‐Garibay Miguel A. , Kwon Ohyun
Published: February 2016

A phosphine‐mediated coupling between allenes (II) and phthalaldehydes is developed to give 2,3‐disubstituted naphthalenes in up to quantitative yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Methyleneindolinones with N,N′‐Cyclic Azomethine Imines Catalyzed by a N,N′‐Dioxide—Mg(OTf)2 Complex.
Authors: Yin Chengkai , Lin Lili , Zhang Dong , Feng Juhua , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming
Published: February 2016

An asymmetric 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of methyleneoxindoles and cyclic azomethine imines affords spirocyclic pyrazolidines in excellent yields and enantioselectivities under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Alkoxylation of Purine Nucleosides: One‐Step Synthesis of 5′‐O,8‐Cyclopurine Nucleosides.
Authors: Yu Mingwu , Wang Zhiqian , Hu Junbin , Li Shunlai , Du Hongguang
Published: February 2016

The method utilizes an inexpensive catalyst‐oxidant system, tolerates a broad range of substrates and proceeds well even on gram scale.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization for the Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted Spiro‐2H‐azirines from 1,6‐Enynes.
Authors: He Yu‐Tao , Wang Qiang , Zhao Jiahui , Wang Xiao‐Zhen , Qiu Yi‐Feng , Yang Yu‐Chen , Hu Jing‐Yuan , Liu Xue‐Yuan , Liang Yong‐Min
Published: February 2016

A new method for the synthesis of CF3‐substituted spirocyclic compounds containing a unique quaternary carbon center from readily available starting materials is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploiting the gem‐Disubstitution Effect in FcPHOX and HetPHOX P,N Ligands: Synthesis and Applications in Pd‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Heck Reactions.
Authors: McCartney Dennis , Nottingham Chris , Mueller‐Bunz Helge , Guiry Patrick J.
Published: February 2016

The asymmetric Pd‐catalyzed arylation of dihydrofurans is achieved under microwave irradiation and in the presence of chiral oxazoline ligands.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Condensation of Imines and α‐Diazo‐β‐dicarbonyl Compounds: Modular and Regiocontrolled Synthesis of Multisubstituted Pyrroles.
Authors: Tan Wei Wen , Yoshikai Naohiko
Published: February 2016

In the presence of a copper(II) catalyst, enolizable imines bearing various N‐substituents and α‐diazo‐β‐ketoesters undergo denitrogenative and dehydrative condensation to afford highly substituted pyrroles with exclusive regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tetrahydrothiophene and Thiophene‐Fused Porphyrin.
Authors: Yang Lei‐Lei , Hu Xiao‐Lian , Tang Zhen‐Qiang , Li Xiao‐Fang
Published: February 2016

The sulfa‐Michael/aldol cascade reaction of 1,4‐dithiane‐2,5‐diol to 2‐NO2‐porphyrin is developed providing a new facile approach to tetrahydrothiophene‐fused porphyrin.
ChemInform Abstract: Dearomatization of Indoles via a Phenol‐Directed Vanadium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Epoxidation and Ring‐Opening Cascade.
Authors: Han Long , Zhang Wei , Shi Xiao‐Xin , You Shu‐Li
Published: February 2016

An enantioselective dearomatization of indole derivatives is achieved by using in situ generated complexes derived from VO(acac)2 and the bis‐hydroxamic acid ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: Imidoyl Dichlorides as New Reagents for the Rapid Formation of 2‐Aminobenzimidazoles and Related Azoles.
Authors: Pollock Julie A. , Kim Sung Hoon , Katzenellenbogen John A.
Published: February 2016

Arylenediamines (I) and (IV) as well as vicinally difunctionalized arenes undergo efficient reaction with imidoyl dichlorides (II) and (XI) to yield benzimidazoles and a variety of related heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Negishi Approach to 1,5‐Disubstituted 3‐Amino‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazoles.
Authors: Shen Jeff , Wong Brian , Gu Chunang , Zhang Haiming
Published: February 2016

Negishi conditions are applied in the arylation and alkenylation of 3‐benzoylamino‐1,2,4‐1H‐triazoles to furnish the title compounds in good to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 6‐(5‐Methylisoxazol‐3yl)‐3‐alkyl Sulfanyl‐[1,2,4]triazolo‐[3,4‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles.
Authors: Vaarla Krishnaiah , Vedula Rajeswar Rao
Published: February 2016

The title compounds are accessible by S‐alkylation of parent compound (III) with various alkyl halides.
ChemInform Abstract: New Approach to Synthesis of 4‐Arylcoumarin Derivatives.
Authors: Bardasov Ivan N. , Alekseeva Anastasiya U. , Ershov Oleg V. , Surazhskaya Marina D. , Churakov Andrei V. , Grishanov Dmitry A.
Published: February 2016

A novel and operationally simple synthesis of 4‐arylchromone‐3‐carbonitriles is rendered possible by oxidation and hydrolysis of 2‐amino‐4‐aryl‐4H‐chromene‐3‐carbonitriles using I2O5 as the oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines, β‐Carbolines, and Natural Products, (.+‐.)‐Harmicine, Eudistomin U and Canthine by Reductive Pictet Spengler Cyclization.
Authors: Pakhare Deepali S. , Kusurkar Radhika S.
Published: February 2016

Inter‐ and intramolecular reductive Pictet—Spengler cyclization of tryptamine with nitriles provides access to tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines including naturally occurring β‐carbolines such as harmicine (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Four New Compounds from Pouzolzia zeylanica (L.) Benn. var. microphylla.
Authors: Guo Li‐Bing , Zhong Chu‐Qian , Tao Shu‐Hong , Yi Zhi‐Bo , Xie Yu‐Feng , Chen Yan‐Fen
Published: February 2016

The absolute configuration of the compounds is not determined.
ChemInform Abstract: Chromones from the Twigs of Cassia fistula and Their anti‐Tobacco Mosaic Virus Activities.
Authors: Gao Xue‐Mei , et al.
Published: February 2016

Three new chromones are isolated and shown to exhibit anti‐tobacco mosaic virus activities.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes as Supporting Ligands in Transition Metal Complexes of N2
Authors: Ohki Yasuhiro , Seino Hidetake
Published: February 2016

Review: 63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis of Radical Reactions: A Radical Chemistry Perspective
Authors: Studer Armido , Curran Dennis P.
Published: February 2016

Review: [184 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Schiff Bases Derived from Diaminomaleonitrile and Their Metal Complexes
Authors: Yang Jianjie , Shi Rufei , Zhou Pei , Qiu Qiming , Li Hui
Published: February 2016

Review: 66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Use of 3,6‐Pyridazinediones in Organic Synthesis and Chemical Biology
Authors: Lee Maximillian T. W. , Maruani Antoine , Chudasama Vijay
Published: February 2016

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pharmaceutical Cocrystals: Along the Path to Improved Medicines
Authors: Duggirala Naga K. , Perry Miranda L. , Almarsson Oern , Zaworotko Michael J.
Published: February 2016

Review: [158 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multivariate Statistical Analysis Methods in QSAR
Authors: Pirhadi Somayeh , Shiri Fereshteh , Ghasemi Jahan B.
Published: February 2016

Review: QSAR: quantitative structure—activity relationship; 222 refs.
Collaborate with faculty to encourage positive attitudes toward students with disabilities
Authors: Gaddy Stephanie
Published: February 2016

Although your work primarily is focused upon the services you provide to students with disabilities, you may also know that it is important to offer your expertise and knowledge to help faculty who work with your students. But outside of speaking with faculty members individually to help them support specific students requesting accommodations, you may not have many opportunities to collaborate with faculty. By creating opportunities to collaborate with faculty, you can encourage positive attitudes toward students with disabilities.
Take proactive steps to provide mental health support for student‐athletes
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: February 2016

Mental health issues have become a growing problem among today's college student‐athletes. “We're seeing more and more students coming to college with pre‐existing mental health issues,” said Nyaka NiiLampti, assistant professor of psychology and faculty athletics representative at Queens University of Charlotte. But student‐athletes encounter certain challenges that make them particularly prone to certain mental health struggles, she said.
Thirty‐year trends in heart failure hospitalization and mortality rates and the prognostic impact of co‐morbidity: a Danish nationwide cohort study
Authors: Schmidt Morten , Ulrichsen Sinna Pilgaard , Pedersen Lars , Bøtker Hans Erik , Sørensen Henrik Toft
Published: February 2016

Aims

We examined 30‐year nationwide trends in heart failure hospitalization and mortality rates, and the prognostic impact of co‐morbidity.

Methods and results

We conducted a population‐based cohort study of 317 161 patients with first‐time inpatient hospitalizations for heart failure during 1983–2012. We computed the standardized hospitalization rate and 5‐year mortality risk. Co‐morbidity levels and calendar periods of diagnosis were compared by means of mortality rate ratios (MRRs) based on Cox regression. The standardized hospitalization rate (per 100 000 persons) decreased between 1983 and 2012 by 25% for women (from 192 to 144) and by 14% for men (from 217 to 186). The decrease reflected an average annual 1% increase until 2000 and a 3.5% decline thereafter. Between 1983–1987 and 2008–2012, 1‐year mortality declined from 45% to 33% and 1‐ to 5‐year mortality from 59% to 43%. The decline occurred independently of patients' co‐morbidity levels. Comparing 2008–2012 with 1983–1987, the 5‐year age‐, sex‐, and co‐morbidity‐adjusted MRR was 0.57 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56–0.58]. Using low co‐morbidity as reference, the adjusted 5‐year MRR in 2003–2007 was increased by 43% for moderate, 66% for severe, and 2.2‐fold for very severe co‐morbidity. The magnitude of co‐morbidity‐associated mortality increased over time and was highest in the youngest patients.

Conclusions

Hospitalization rates for heart failure have declined markedly since 2000 in Denmark. One‐ and five‐year mortality declined >40% over the last three decades. The decline in mortality occurred for patients with all levels of co‐morbidity, but co‐morbidity burden was a strong prognostic factor.
Low‐Coordinate Phosphorus Chemistry Has Come a Long Way
Authors: Hindson Karen
Published: February 2016

Editor Karen Hindson highlights the importance of low‐coordinate phosphorus chemistry and tells the story of this Cluster Issue on the fiftieth anniversary of the synthesis of the first stable low‐coordinate phosphorus compound.
Thinking about “why” eliminates retrieval‐induced forgetting: Levels of construal affect retrieval dynamics
Authors: Ikeda Kenji , Hattori Yosuke , Kobayashi Masanori
Published: February 2016

The present study examined how levels of construal affect retrieval‐induced forgetting. Higher‐level construal is associated with the focus on the similarities among stimuli, suggesting that high‐level construal promotes relational processing. Based on this fact, retrieval‐induced forgetting may be reduced or eliminated under high‐level construal condition because of the effect of relational processing. Two experiments were conducted using a retrieval‐practice paradigm with different stimuli while priming the level of construal. A meta‐analysis synthesizing the results showed that retrieval‐induced forgetting occurred under the low‐level construal condition, whereas forgetting did not occur under the high‐level construal condition. These results suggest that abstract thinking can eliminate retrieval‐induced forgetting because of relational processing, demonstrating the role of the levels of construal on memory inhibition.
Synthesis of Pseudo‐Peptides Containing a Quinazolinone Skeleton via Ugi Four‐Component Reaction
Authors: Balalaie Saeed , Saeedi Shaghayegh , Ramezanpour Sorour
Published: February 2016

A simple and efficient synthesis of quinazolinone pseudo‐peptide derivatives based on a new 3‐amino‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐4‐oxoquinazoline‐2‐carboxylic acid via Ugi four‐component reaction has been developed. This reaction was conducted under mild conditions with a broad scope of substrates.
Synthesis of New DNA G‐Quadruplex Constructs with Anthraquinone Insertions and Their Anticoagulant Activity
Authors: Gouda Alaa S. , Amine Mahasen S. , Pedersen Erik B.
Published: February 2016

1,4‐Dihydroxyanthraquinone and 1,8‐dihydroxyanthraquinone were alkylated with 3‐bromopropan‐1‐ol and subsequently transformed into the corresponding DMT protected phosphoramidite building blocks for insertion into loops of the G‐quadruplex of the thrombin binding aptamer (TBA). The 1,4‐disubstituted anthraquinone linker led to a significant stabilization of the G‐quadruplex structure upon replacing a T in each of two neighboring lateral TT loops and a 26.2° increase in thermal melting temperature was found. CD Spectra of the modified quadruplexes confirmed anti‐parallel conformations in all cases under potassium buffer conditions as previously observed for TBA. Although the majority of the anthraquinone modified TBA analogues showed a decrease in clotting times in a fibrinogen clotting assay when compared to TBA, modified aptamers containing a 1,8‐disubstituted anthraquinone linker replacing G8 or T9 in the TGT loop showed improved anticoagulant activities. Molecular modeling studies explained the increased thermal melting temperatures of anthraquinone‐modified G‐quadruplexes.
Clerodendrumol, A New Triterpenoid from Clerodendrum yaundense Gürke (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Awouafack Maurice D. , Aimaiti Simayijiang , Tane Pierre , Morita Hiroyuki
Published: February 2016

A new lupane‐type triterpene named clerodendrumol (1), i.e., (16α)‐lupa‐12,20(29)‐dien‐16‐ol, together with five known compounds, octacosa‐(5Z,9Z)‐dienoic acid (3), tetracosanoic acid (4), genkwanin (5), (12S)‐hydroxyoctadeca‐(9Z,13E,15E)‐trienoic acid (6), and (9S)‐hydroxyoctadeca‐(10E,12E)‐dienoic acid (7), were isolated from the twigs of Clerodendrum yaundense. O‐Acetylclerodendrumol (2), a derivative of 1, was prepared by a standard acetylation procedure applied to compound 1. The structure of the new compound was elucidated using spectroscopic analysis (NMR and MS) data, and chemical conversions (acetylation and deacetylation). The human breast cancer cell line (MDA‐MB‐231) was sensitive to all test samples, and clerodendrumol (1) as well as its derivative 2 had good activity (IC50 values 7.5 and 13.2 μM). Genkwanin (5) exhibited strong activity on HeLa cell line with IC50 7.8 μM.