bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidence and outcomes of rare T cell lymphomas from the T Cell Project: hepatosplenic, enteropathy associated and peripheral gamma delta T cell lymphomas
Authors: Foss Francine M. , Horwitz Steven M. , Civallero Monica , Bellei Monica , Marcheselli Luigi , Kim Won Seog , Cabrera Maria E. , Dlouhy Ivan , Nagler Arnon , Advani Ranjana H. , Pesce Emanuela A. , Ko Young‐Hyeh , Montoto Silvia , Chiattone Carlos , Moskowitz Alison , Spina Michele , Cesaretti Marina , Biasoli Irene , Federico Massimo
Published: November 2019

The T Cell Project was the largest prospective trial to explore the incidence, treatment patterns, and outcomes for T cell lymphomas. The rare subtypes of T cell lymphomas, including hepatosplenic T cell lymphoma (HSTCL), enteropathy associated T cell lymphoma (EATL), and peripheral gamma delta T cell lymphomas (PGDTCLs) are poorly represented in most studies and there is little data regarding treatment patterns. We report results from 115 patients with hepatosplenic (n = 31), enteropathy associated (n = 65), and PGDTCLs (n = 19). While anthracycline regimens were most commonly used as first line therapy, response rates ranged from 20%‐40% and were suboptimal for all groups. Autologous stem cell transplantation was performed as a consolidation in first remission in a small number of patients (33% of HSTCL, 7% of EATL, and 12% of PGDTCL), and four patients with HSTCL underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation in first remission. The progression free survival at 3 years ranged from 28%‐40% for these rare subtypes, and the overall survival at 3 years was most favorable for PGDTCL (70%). These data highlight the need for novel treatment approaches for rare subtypes of T cell lymphomas and for their inclusion in clinical trials.
Human‐like adrenal development in wild chimpanzees: A longitudinal study of urinary dehydroepiandrosterone‐sulfate and cortisol
Authors: Sabbi Kris H. , Muller Martin N. , Machanda Zarin P. , Otali Emily , Fox Stephanie A. , Wrangham Richard W. , Emery Thompson Melissa
Published: November 2019

The development of the adrenal cortex varies considerably across primates, being most conspicuous in humans, where a functional zona reticularis–the site of dehydroepiandrosterone‐sulfate (DHEA/S) production–does not develop until middle childhood (5–8 years). Prior reports suggest that a human‐like adrenarche, associated with a sharp prepubertal increase in DHEA/S, may only occur in the genus Pan. However, the timing and variability in adrenarche in chimpanzees remain poorly described, owing to the lack of longitudinal data, or data from wild populations. Here, we use urine samples from East African chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) collected over 20 years at Kanyawara in Kibale National Park, Uganda, to trace the developmental trajectories of DHEAS (n = 1,385 samples, 53 individuals) and cortisol (n = 12,726 samples, 68 individuals). We used generalized additive models (GAM) to investigate the relationship between age, sex, and hormone levels. Adrenarche began earlier in chimpanzees (~2–3 years) compared with what has been reported in humans (6–8 years) and, unlike humans, male and female chimpanzees did not differ significantly in the timing of adrenarche nor in DHEAS concentrations overall. Similar to what has been reported in humans, cortisol production decreased through early life, reaching a nadir around puberty (8–11 years), and a sex difference emerged with males exhibiting higher urinary cortisol levels compared with females by early adulthood (15–16 years). Our study establishes that wild chimpanzees exhibit a human‐like pattern of cortisol production during development and corroborates prior reports from captive chimpanzees of a human‐like adrenarche, accompanied by significant developmental increases in DHEAS. While the role of these developmental hormone shifts are as yet unclear, they have been implicated in stages of rapid behavioral development once thought unique to humans, especially in regard to explaining the divergence of female and male social behavior before pubertal increases in gonadal hormones.
Ontogenetic insights into the significance of mandibular corpus shape variation in hominoids: Developmental covariation between M2 crypt formation and corpus shape
Authors: Pitirri M. K. , Begun David
Published: November 2019

Objectives

Here, we quantify and compare the cross‐sectional shape of the mandibular corpus between M1 and M2 during growth in Pan paniscus, Pan troglodytes, and Pongo pygmaeus. The goal is to assess the hypothesis that the shape of the corpus is influenced by the development of permanent molars in their crypts, by examining ontogenetic changes in corpus shape and investigating covariation between corpus shape and M2 and M3 molar crypt forms.

Materials and Methods

Ontogenetic changes in mandibular corpus shape were assessed using landmarks and semilandmarks, and measurements of length, width, and height were used to quantify molar crypts (M2 and M3). Ontogenetic changes in corpus growth from the eruption of M1 to the eruption of M3 were evaluated for each species through generalized Procrustes analysis and principal components analysis in shape–space and form–space. The relationship between corpus shape and molar crypt form was investigated at three different developmental stages using two‐block partial least squares (2B‐PLS) analysis.

Results

The results show clear differences in growth patterns among all three species and provide evidence that species‐level differences in mandibular corpus growth occur prior to the emergence of M1. The results of the 2B‐PLS analysis reveal that significant covariance between corpus shape and molar crypt form is limited to the developmental stage marked by the emergence of M1, with covariance between corpus shape and M2 crypt width. Corpora that are relatively narrower in the inferior portion of the cross section covary with relatively narrower M2 crypts.

Conclusions

These results have important implications for understanding the taxonomic and phylogenetic significance of mandibular corpus shape variation in the hominoid fossil record.
Trisaminomethane–cobalt complex supported on Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles as an efficient recoverable nanocatalyst for oxidation of sulfides and C–S coupling reactions
Authors: Ashraf Muhammad Aqeel , Liu Zhenling , Peng Wan‐Xi
Published: November 2019

In this work, trisaminomethane–cobalt complex immobilized onto the surface of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles was successfully prepared via a simple and inexpensive procedure. The prepared nanocatalyst was considered a robust and clean nanoreactor catalyst for the oxidation and synthesis of sulfides under green conditions. This ecofriendly heterogeneous catalyst was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffractometry, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma‐atomic emission spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, vibrating sample magnetometry, X‐ray mapping, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Use of green medium, easy separation and workup, excellent reusability of the nanocatalyst, and short reaction time are some outstanding advantages of this method.
High‐speed CO2 transport channel containing carboxymethyl chitosan/hydrotalcite membrane for CO2 separation
Authors: Borgohain Rajashree , Mandal Bishnupada
Published: November 2019

A comprehensive understanding of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC)‐based mixed matrix membrane (MMM) has been critically investigated. The present work elaborates the compatibility of hydrotalcite (HT) and CMC in terms of CO2 separation application. Various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques have been utilized to characterize the respective properties of the prepared membrane. The temperature stability and moisture retention behavior of the membrane recognized itself as the flue gas separation membrane. The CO2/N2 separation experiment was performed on the MMM at different temperature (60–110 °C) and sweep/feed water flow to the saturator ratio (0.33 to 3). The membrane exhibited the optimum CO2 permeance of 70 GPU at 90°C pertaining to water flow ratio of 2.33 (sweep/feed). The CO2/N2 selectivity observed at that same operating condition was 13. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48715.
Evaluating video modeling and video modeling with video feedback to enhance the performance of competitive dancers
Authors: Quinn Mallory , Narozanick Taylor , Miltenberger Raymond , Greenberg Lori , Schenk Merritt
Published: November 2019

This study evaluated the use of video modeling and video modeling plus video feedback to enhance four adolescents' performance of a dance movement. Intervention was evaluated in a multiple baseline across participants design. This study found that video modeling enhanced performance from baseline, but the addition of video feedback produced further increases. For one participant, improvement was dependent on the perspective of the video model. Implications of these findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Unbiased enrichment of urine exfoliated cells on nanostructured substrates for sensitive detection of urothelial tumor cells
Authors: Wang Xin , Gu Yuanyuan , Zhang Shiwei , Li Gangqiang , Liu Tianyao , Wang Tianwei , Qin Haixiang , Jiang Bo , Zhu Lin , Li Yajun , Lei Haozhi , Li Ming , Zhang Qun , Yang Rong , Fang Feng , Guo Hongqian
Published: November 2019

Background

Early detection of urothelial carcinoma (UC) by noninvasive diagnostic methods with high accuracy is still underscored. This study aimed to develop a noninvasive assay incorporating both enrichment of urine exfoliated cells and immunoassays for UC detection.

Methods

Polystyrene dishes were exposed to oxygen plasma and modified with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane to prepare amine‐functionalized nanostructured substrates (NS). Performance characterization of NS was evaluated by atomic force microscope and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Urine exfoliated cells were captured by NS and then immunostained to detect urinary tumor cells (UTCs), which was called UTC assay. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, area under ROC curve (AUC), and Youden index were used to find the cutoff value of UTC assay. ROC analysis and McNemar test were used to compare the diagnostic accuracy of UTC assay with cytology. Kappa test was used to analyze the agreement of UTC assay and cytology with pathological diagnosis.

Results

Nanostructured substrates had good cell binding yields of nucleated cells and tumor cells. CK20+CD45−CD11b− cells were considered as UTCs. UTC number ≥ 1 per sample could be considered as a positive result. By AUC and Kappa analysis, UTC assay showed good performance in UC detection. McNemar test demonstrated that UTC assay had a superior sensitivity even in low‐grade subgroup and a similar specificity compared to cytology in UC diagnosis.

Conclusions

Nanostructured substrates could be used to enrich the exfoliated cells from urine samples. UTC assay with NS has the potential to play a role in UC detection. The value of this assay still needs additional validation by large, multi‐center studies.
Downregulation of NUSAP1 suppresses cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via inhibiting mTORC1 signalling pathway in gastric cancer
Authors: Ge Yugang , Li Qiang , Lin Linling , Jiang Mingkun , Shi Liang , Wang Biao , Yang Li , Xu Zekuan
Published: November 2019

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common causes of cancer‐related death worldwide, and outstanding biomarkers for therapeutic targets or predicting GC survival are still lacking. Increasing evidence indicated that nucleolar and spindle associated protein 1 (NUSAP1) involved in regulating the progression of various cancers; however, its specific role in GC remained unclear. In this study, we found that NUSAP1 was upregulated in the GC tissues and cell lines via analysing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), gene expression omnibus (GEO), qRT‐PCR, and western blot assays. Patients with high NUSAP1 expression levels showed shorter free‐progression survival (FPS), larger tumour size, and higher lymphatic metastasis rate compared with those with low NUSAP1 expression. Further functional experiments revealed knockdown of NUSAP1 could inhibit the growth, migration, and invasion of GC cells in vitro and vivo. Additionally, silencing NUSAP1 induced G0/G1 phase arrest, apoptosis, and suppressed the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Finally, we performed gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and observed NUSAP1 was positive with mTORC1 signalling pathway, which was verified by the subsequent immunoblotting. In conclusion, our findings suggested that NUSAP1 contributed to GC progression and may act as a potential therapeutic target for GC.

Significance of the study

Our results firstly illuminated that NUSAP1 expression was significantly upregulated in GC tissues and predicted poor FPS. Silencing it could attenuate GC progression via inhibiting mTORC1 signalling pathway. Hence, NUSAP1 may act as a promising therapy target for GC.
Chrysophanol exhibits inhibitory activities against colorectal cancer by targeting decorin
Authors: Deng Min , Xue Yongju , Xu Lerong , Wang Qiangwu , Wei Jun , Ke Xiquan , Wang Jianchao , Chen Xiaodong
Published: November 2019

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common human malignancy that accounts for 600,000 deaths annually worldwide. Chrysophanol, a naturally occurring anthraquinone compound, exhibits anti‐neoplastic effects in various cancer cells. The aim of this study was to explore the biological effects of chrysophanol on CRC cells, and determine the underlying mechanism. Chrysophanol inhibited proliferation of and promoted apoptosis in CRC cells by activating the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. In addition, chrysophanol also suppressed tumor growth in vivo and increased the percentage of apoptotic cells in tumor xenografts, without general toxicity. Proteomic iTRAQ analysis revealed decorin (DCN) as the major target of chrysophanol. DCN was upregulated in the tumor tissues following chrysophanol treatment, and ectopic DCN expression markedly augmented the pro‐apoptotic effects of chrysophanol in CRC cells. In contrast, DCN knockdown significantly abrogated chrysophanol‐induced apoptosis in CRC cells. Taken together, chrysophanol exerts anti‐neoplastic effects in vitro and in vivo in CRC cells by modulating DCN, there by highlighting its therapeutic potential in CRC.
miR‐122‐5p negatively regulates the transforming growth factor‐β/Smad signaling pathway in skeletal muscle myogenesis
Authors: Ding Zheci , Lin Jinrong , Sun Yaying , Cong Shuang , Liu Shaohua , Zhang Yuhan , Chen Qingyan , Chen Jiwu
Published: November 2019

Regeneration remains a major challenge in skeletal muscle repair after injury. Recently, transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β)/Smad pathway was found to play an important role in inhibiting myogenesis, a crucial stage in skeletal muscle regeneration. In our previous study, microRNA‐122‐5p (miR‐122) was proved to have the function of downregulating TGF‐β/Smad pathway. Theoretically, miR‐122 might also be involved in the process of skeletal muscle myogenesis through the regulation of TGF‐β/Smad pathway. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of miR‐122 on skeletal muscle myogenesis and explore its underlying mechanism. Results showed that miR‐122 and myogenic markers were downregulated in C2C12 cells after TGF‐β stimulation, and miR‐122 overexpression could restore the myogenesis inhibited by TGF‐β. We then located TGFBR2 as the direct target of miR‐122 and discovered the effect of miR‐122 overexpression could be rescued by TGFBR2 overexpression. Further, the downstream molecules of TGFBR2 in the TGF‐β/Smad pathway were found to be suppressed by miR‐122. In conclusion, miR‐122 could suppress the TGF‐β/Smad signalling pathway by directly targeting TGFBR2 and, consequently, restore myogenesis.

Significance of the study

Regeneration remains a major challenge in skeletal muscle repair after injury. In this study, it was found that miR‐122 could suppress the TGF‐β/Smad signalling pathway by directly targeting TGFBR2 and, consequently, restore myogenesis. Our findings could inspire future experiments on the role of miRs in skeletal muscle diseases and future translational studies on potential novel gene therapy for skeletal muscle injury.
AuPd bimetal immobilized on amine‐functionalized SBA‐15 for hydrogen generation from formic acid: The effect of the ratio of toluene to DMF
Authors: Liu Mo , Zhang Qiulin , Shi Yuzhen , Wang Huimin , Wei Guangcheng , Zhang Tengxiang , Sun Haiyang , Wang Jifeng , Zhang Yaqing
Published: November 2019

The volume ratio of toluene to N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) was adjusted during the amine functionalization of SBA‐15 to change the amine content of SBA‐15. XPS, FTIR, and TGA analyses indicated that under the experimental synthetic conditions the number of amine groups varies with the ratio of toluene/DMF, and the highest content of amine could be obtained with a volume ratio of toluene/DMF = 3:2. The hydrogen production experiment of formic acid decomposition showed that the hydrogen production efficiency over the Au‐Pd‐SBA‐15‐NH2 catalysts increased with the increase in the surface amine content of the Au‐Pd‐SBA‐15‐NH2. The optimal Au‐Pd‐SBA‐15‐NH2‐TD (toluene/DMF = 3:2) catalyst proved to have the smallest Au‐Pd bimetal nanoparticle size and exhibited a turnover frequency (TOF) = 631 hours−1 and an activation energy (Ea) = 20.8 kJ · mol−1 at 25°C. The catalytic performance of hydrogen generation from the formic acid was improved due to the synergistic effect between the amine‐functionalized SBA‐15 and the Au‐Pd bimetal (metal‐support interactions).
Role of the Wnt signaling pathway in keratoacanthoma
Authors: Joshi Sarita , De Angelis Paula M. , Zucknick Manuela , Schjølberg Aasa R. , Andersen Solveig Norheim , Clausen Ole Petter F.
Published: November 2019

Background

Keratoacanthoma (KA) has a unique life cycle of rapid growth and spontaneous regression that shows similarities to the hair follicle cycle, which involves an active Wnt signaling during physiological regeneration. We analyzed the expression of the Wnt signaling proteins β‐catenin, Lef1, Sox9, and Cyclin D1 in young and old human KAs to investigate a possible role for Wnt signaling in KAs.

Aim

To investigate the role of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway in human KAs.

Methods and Results

Formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue samples of 67 KAs were analyzed for protein expression using immunohistochemistry. The majority of KAs were positive for Sox9 and Cyclin D1 but not for nuclear‐localized β‐catenin or Lef‐1. No significant differences in protein expressions were seen between young and old KAs. However, we found a significant association between Ki67 and Cyclin D1 proteins (P= .008).

Conclusions

The Wnt signaling pathway does not appear to play a significant role in the biogenesis of human KA. Sox9 overexpression may be indicative of inhibition of Wnt signaling. Sox‐9 and Cyclin D1 are proliferation markers that are most likely transactivated by alternate signaling pathways.
Cray programming environments within containers on Cray XC systems
Authors: Martinasso Maxime , Gila Miguel , Sawyer William , Sarmiento Rafael , Peretti‐Pezzi Guilherme , Karakasis Vasileios
Published: November 2019

We present a methodology to enable the complete software development life cycle on Cray XC systems within a container that can hold any version of the Cray Programming Environment (CPE). The installation of the CPE inside a container facilitates many aspects of the typical HPC support and operation workloads of managing Cray XC systems such as testing new CPEs, comparing CPE performances, or keeping software built with an old CPE running on updated systems. The procedure for creating a container with a CPE inside consists of three steps: the creation of a container holding the targeted CPE, the compilation of the desired software within such containers, and the packaging of the resulting binaries, libraries, and dependencies within a second lightweight container. We showcase the methodology by fulfilling a user requirement of running a two‐year‐old version of the COSMO model built with an old CPE 16.11 on today's system.
A service‐based framework for building and executing epidemic simulation applications in the cloud
Authors: Parlavantzas Nikos , Pham Linh Manh , Morin Christine , Arnoux Sandie , Beaunée Gaël , Qi Luyuan , Gontier Philippe , Ezanno Pauline
Published: November 2019

The cloud has emerged as an attractive platform for resource‐intensive scientific applications, such as epidemic simulators. However, building and executing such applications in the cloud presents multiple challenges, including exploiting elasticity, handling failures, and simplifying multi‐cloud deployment. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a novel service‐based framework called DiFFuSE that enables simulation applications with a bag‐of‐tasks structure to fully exploit cloud platforms. This paper describes how the framework is applied to restructure two legacy applications, simulating the spread of bovine viral diarrhea virus and Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, into elastic cloud‐native applications. Experimental results show that the framework enhances application performance and allows exploring different cost‐performance trade‐offs while supporting automatic failure handling and elastic resource acquisition from multiple clouds.
Blockchain and edge computing–based architecture for participatory smart city applications
Authors: Khan Zaheer , Abbasi Abdul Ghafoor , Pervez Zeeshan
Published: November 2019

Smart cities aim to provide smart governance with the emphasis on gaining high transparency and trust in public services and enabling citizen participation in decision making processes. This means on the one hand data generated from urban transactions need to be open and trustworthy. On the other hand, security and privacy of public data needs to be handled at different administrative and geographical levels. In this paper, we investigate the pivotal role of blockchain in providing privacy, self‐verification, authentication, and authorization of participatory transactions in open governance. We also investigate up to what extent edge computing can contribute toward management of permissioned sharing at specific administrative levels and enhance privacy and provide an economic approach for resource utilization in a distributed environment. We introduce a novel architecture that is based on distributed hybrid ledger and edge computing model. The architecture provides refined and secure management of data generated and processed in different geographical and administrative units of a city. We implemented a proof of concept of the architecture and applied it on a carefully designed use case, ie, citizen participation in administrative decisions through consensus. This use case highlights the need to keep and process citizen participation data at local level by deploying district chaincodes and only share consensus results through permissioned chaincodes. The results reveal that proposed architecture is scalable and provide secure and privacy protected environment for citizen participatory applications. Our performance test results are promising and show that under control conditions, the average registration time for a citizen transaction is about 42 ms, whilst the validation and result compilation of 100 concurrent citizens' transactions took about 2.4 seconds.
Exploring Organic Metal Halides with Reversible Temperature‐Responsive Dual‐Emissive Photoluminescence
Authors: Jiang Xiaomei , Xia Shengqing , Zhang Jian , Ju Dianxing , Liu Yang , Hu Xiaobo , Wang Lei , Chen Zhaolai , Tao Xutang
Published: November 2019

The exceptional structural tunability of organic metal halides endows them with fascinating electronic and photophysical properties, providing much scope for applications. In this work, single crystals of the organic metal halide (C4H9NH3)2MnI4 are found to show reversible thermo‐induced luminescent chromism within a wide temperature range. The (C4H9NH3)2MnI4 single crystal exhibits two emission peaks at 550 and 672 nm, which are assigned to a d–d transition of Mn2+‐centered tetrahedra and self‐trapped excitons, respectively. The temperature‐dependent emission color change is attributed to the thermo‐induced trapping and detrapping process of the self‐trapped exciton. (C4H9NH3)2MnI4 exhibits a maximum photoluminescence quantum efficiency of up to 68 % at 70 °C. The disclosed interacted photoluminescence decay mechanisms may prove useful for the further design of organic metal halides for optical thermometry.
A‐ and B‐site Codoped SrFeO3 Oxygen Sorbents for Enhanced Chemical Looping Air Separation
Authors: Dou Jian , Krzystowczyk Emily , Wang Xijun , Robbins Thomas , Ma Liang , Liu Xingbo , Li Fanxing
Published: November 2019

Chemical‐looping air separation has numerous potential benefits in terms of energy saving and emission reductions. The current study details a combination of density functional theory calculation and experimental efforts to design A‐ and B‐site codoped SrFeO3 perovskites as “low‐temperature” oxygen sorbents for chemical‐looping air separation. Substitution of the SrFeO3 host structure with Ca and Co lowers oxygen vacancy formation energy by 0.24–0.46 eV and decreases the oxygen release temperature. As a result, Sr1−xCaxFe1−yCoyO3 (SCFC; x=0.2, 0.0<y<1.0) spontaneously releases oxygen at 400–500 °C even under a relatively high oxygen partial pressure (e.g. P
=0.05 atm). Sr0.8Ca0.2Fe0.4Co0.6O3 exhibits a significantly higher oxygen capacity of 1.2 wt % at 400 °C and under a P
swing between 0.05 and 0.2 atm, when compared to the <0.2 wt % capacity for undoped a SrFeO3 (SF) and Ca‐doped Sr0.8Ca0.2FeO3 (SCF). Electrical conductivity relaxation (ECR) study demonstrates that codoping of Ca and Co lowers the activation energy of oxygen diffusion and surface oxygen exchange by 26.6 or 137.9 kJ mol−1, respectively, resulting in faster redox kinetics for SCFC than for SCF perovskite. The SCFC oxygen sorbent also exhibits excellent stability for 2000 redox cycles for air separation.
Imidazolium‐Functionalized Ionic Hypercrosslinked Porous Polymers for Efficient Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from Simulated Flue Gas
Authors: Zhang Wenli , Ma Fangpei , Ma Long , Zhou Yu , Wang Jun
Published: November 2019

The rapid growth of CO2 emissions, especially from power plants, has led to the urgent need to directly capture and fix CO2 in the flue gas after simple purification rather than energy‐intensive gas separation. Herein, imidazolium‐functionalized ionic hypercrosslinked porous polymers (HCPs) bearing adjustable surface groups were straightforwardly synthesized through co‐hypercrosslinking of benzylimidazole salts and crosslinker through Friedel–Crafts alkylation. Abundant microporosity and relatively high ionic moieties were obtainable in the ethyl‐group‐tethered ionic HCP, giving a remarkably selective CO2 capture performance with a CO2 uptake of 3.05 mmol g−1 and an ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) CO2/N2 selectivity as high as 363 (273 K, 1 bar). This ionic polymer demonstrated high efficiency in the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from the coupling of various epoxides with the simulated flue gas (15 % CO2 and 85 % N2), giving high yields, large turnover numbers (up to 4800), and stable reusability under additive‐ and solvent‐free conditions.
The effect of landscape photograph type on aesthetic judgments, attention, and memory in children with dyslexia
Authors: Goodmon LeilaniB. , Parisi Alyssa , Smith Patrick , Phillips Erin , Cox Taylor , Dill Lauren , Miller Amanda
Published: November 2019

Given the link between visual stimuli and memory, children with dyslexia could benefit from research discovering what visual stimuli they find more pleasing and memorable. People like natural landscapes (e.g.,forests) more than human‐made (e.g.,cityscapes) or “combined” landscapes (i.e.,combination of human‐made and natural components, e.g.,tires in a meadow). The purpose was to determine if the greater likability for natural generalized to children with dyslexia and age‐equivalent controls and if photograph type impacted recognition rates after the short and long term. All children liked natural landscape photographs the most but paid longer attention to combined landscape photographs. Both groups recognized all photograph types at a high rate after the short retention interval, but after the long interval, the children with dyslexia had better memory, especially for combined photographs. On the basis of these results, we advise educators to incorporate images of natural landscapes into the learning context in order to create a more aesthetically pleasing environment or to infuse combined images for a more engaging and memorable environment.
From metabarcoding to metaphylogeography: separating the wheat from the chaff
Authors: Turon Xavier , Antich Adrià , Palacín Creu , Præbel Kim , Wangensteen Owen Simon
Published: November 2019

Metabarcoding is by now a well‐established method for biodiversity assessment in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments. Metabarcoding data sets are usually used for α‐ and β‐diversity estimates, that is, interspecies (or inter‐MOTU [molecular operational taxonomic unit]) patterns. However, the use of hypervariable metabarcoding markers may provide an enormous amount of intraspecies (intra‐MOTU) information—mostly untapped so far. The use of cytochrome oxidase (COI) amplicons is gaining momentum in metabarcoding studies targeting eukaryote richness. COI has been for a long time the marker of choice in population genetics and phylogeographic studies. Therefore, COI metabarcoding data sets may be used to study intraspecies patterns and phylogeographic features for hundreds of species simultaneously, opening a new field that we suggest to name metaphylogeography. The main challenge for the implementation of this approach is the separation of erroneous sequences from true intra‐MOTU variation. Here, we develop a cleaning protocol based on changes in entropy of the different codon positions of the COI sequence, together with co‐occurrence patterns of sequences. Using a data set of community DNA from several benthic littoral communities in the Mediterranean and Atlantic seas, we first tested by simulation on a subset of sequences a two‐step cleaning approach consisting of a denoising step followed by a minimal abundance filtering. The procedure was then applied to the whole data set. We obtained a total of 563 MOTUs that were usable for phylogeographic inference. We used semiquantitative rank data instead of read abundances to perform AMOVAs and haplotype networks. Genetic variability was mainly concentrated within samples, but with an important between seas component as well. There were intergroup differences in the amount of variability between and within communities in each sea. For two species, the results could be compared with traditional Sanger sequence data available for the same zones, giving similar patterns. Our study shows that metabarcoding data can be used to infer intra‐ and interpopulation genetic variability of many species at a time, providing a new method with great potential for basic biogeography, connectivity and dispersal studies, and for the more applied fields of conservation genetics, invasion genetics, and design of protected areas.
A low kickback fully differential dynamic comparator for pipeline analog‐to‐digital converters
Authors: Diaz‐Madrid Jose‐Angel , Domenech‐Asensi Gines , Hauer Johann , Mateu Loreto
Published: November 2019

This study presents a fully differential dynamic comparator with low kickback noise, an effect caused by voltage variations in the regeneration nodes of these types of circuit. Given their low power dissipation, dynamic comparators are key circuits in analog‐to‐digital converters (ADCs), especially in pipelined ADCs. The proposed comparator has been simulated and compared with three other comparator topologies. The value of the kickback noise generated by the proposed circuit is lower than that generated by other conventional dynamic comparators over a wide input range, while simultaneously showing a low offset voltage error. The dynamic comparator has been implemented in a low‐resolution ADC with a resolution of 2.5 effective bits, which has been prototyped in a 0.35‐μm CMOS AMS C35B4 process. Its size is 34 μm × 38 μm.
Creep characteristics and constitutive model of coal under triaxial stress and gas pressure
Authors: Zhang Liang , Li Xiang‐Chun , Gao Jia‐Xing , An Zhen‐Xing , Yang Xiao‐Han , Nie Bai‐Sheng
Published: November 2019

Creep behavior is one of the most important mechanical behaviors of coal. In the present study, we systematically carried out a series of creep experiments of briquette samples under triaxial compression and gas pressure. The experimental results showed that the creep deformation characteristics of coal were related to deviatoric stress and gas pressure. The accelerating creep stage initiated when the deviatoric stress reached or exceeded the yield stress until failure took place. In contrast, when the deviatoric stress was less than the yield strength, only transient and steady creep stage occurred. Besides, gas pressure played a positive role in the creep process of coal. The axial strain of coal slightly increased with gas pressure (range from 0.13 to 0.40 MPa) when the effective triaxial stress remained constant. For example, in the steady creep stage (σ1 = 9 MPa, p = 0.13 MPa), the axial strain of sample S1 is 2.710% and that of sample S2 is 3.361%, that is, coal samples with high gas pressure have higher axial strain. Moreover, gas pressure has two main effects on the mechanical behavior of coal. One is that the coal adsorbs gas molecules resulting in swelling strain and swelling stress, and the other is that the gas pressure may compress the coal particles. Considering the swelling stress and gas pressure, we intensively studied the effective stress formula of coal containing gas. Then, the effective stress was taken into consideration in the nonlinear Nishihara creep model. Furthermore, the tertiary creep factor n was introduced in the nonlinear model to control the creep deformation evolution with time so that the nonlinear model could accurately describe the full creep stage of coal. In contrast, due to the lack of such a controlling parameter, the Nishihara model failed to reproduce the accelerating creep stage.
Study of the influence of the characteristics of loose residual coal on the spontaneous combustion of coal gob
Authors: Li Nan , Li Xuelong , Shu Cai , Shen Wenlong , He Miao , Meng Jingjing
Published: November 2019

Mine fires are becoming a serious issue as the intensity of mining increases, especially in deep mines. Loose coal gob has a hidden ignition location and a high possibility of spontaneous combustion, which makes fire prevention difficult. Therefore, based on the theory of gas seepage and the characteristics of loose coal, a model of air leakage and spontaneous combustion in gob is established in this paper. Using working face #10414 in the Yangliu coal mine as an example, the relationship between the three spontaneous coal combustion (CSC) zones and the three stress zones is analyzed and verified by combining a FLAC3D simulation with field monitoring. In addition, the influence of advancing speed on the CSC is discussed, and suggestions for fire prevention are presented. The results show that the variation in the calorific value of the CSC with increasing degree of looseness of the residual coal in the gob forms an arch‐shape. There is a one‐to‐one relationship between the distribution of the three stress zones and the three CSC zones. In addition, as the advancing speed increases, the contact time between the loose coal body and the air decreases and the possibility of CSC decreases. This study provides a scientific basis for fire prevention and control in mines.
Quantification of Trace Mercury in Water: Solving the Problem of Adsorption, Sample Preservation, and Cross‐Contamination
Authors: Zhang Jingqi , Chao Jingbo , Tang Yang , Wan Pingyu , Yang Xiao Jin , Wong Choon , Bruce Mark , Hu Qing
Published: November 2019

Adsorption, sample preservation, and cross‐contamination are the major impediments to the accurate and sensitive analysis of low‐level mercury samples. Common measures to deal with this issue are to use Teflon, quartz, or borosilicate glass bottles for sampling, standard solution and sample preservation with oxidative chemicals, to prepare standard solutions daily and to use dedicated glassware. This paper demonstrates that these measures are neither efficient nor effective. Two common laboratory sample containers (borosilicate volumetric glass flasks and polypropylene tubes) are investigated for the preparation and preservation of water samples and standard solutions of 0.2–1 µg L−1 with 2% HNO3. Mercury adsorption rates of 6–22% are observed within 30 min and after 48 days, the adsorption is greater than 98%. In stark contrast, no adsorption is found during a testing period of 560 days when the solutions are subject to potassium permanganate‐persulfate digestion. New glass flasks and polypropylene bottles are free of mercury contamination but reused flasks are a major source of mercury cross‐contamination. To minimize adsorption and cross‐contamination, standard solutions are treated by potassium permanganate‐persulfate or BrCl digestion, and each individual sample and standard solution should be stored and prepared in single‐use polypropylene bottle, without transference.
The effect of chronic neuroglycopenia on resting state networks in GLUT1 syndrome across the lifespan
Authors: Vaudano Anna Elisabetta , Olivotto Sara , Ruggieri Andrea , Gessaroli Giuliana , Talami Francesca , Parmeggiani Antonia , De Giorgis Valentina , Veggiotti Pierangelo , Meletti Stefano
Published: November 2019

Glucose transporter type I deficiency syndrome (GLUT1DS) is an encephalopathic disorder due to a chronic insufficient transport of glucose into the brain. PET studies in GLUT1DS documented a widespread cortico‐thalamic hypometabolism and a signal increase in the basal ganglia, regardless of age and clinical phenotype. Herein, we captured the pattern of functional connectivity of distinct striatal, cortical, and cerebellar regions in GLUT1DS (10 children, eight adults) and in healthy controls (HC, 19 children, 17 adults) during rest. Additionally, we explored for regional connectivity differences in GLUT1 children versus adults and according to the clinical presentation. Compared to HC, GLUT1DS exhibited increase connectivity within the basal ganglia circuitries and between the striatal regions with the frontal cortex and cerebellum. The excessive connectivity was predominant in patients with movement disorders and in children compared to adults, suggesting a correlation with the clinical phenotype and age at fMRI study. Our findings highlight the primary role of the striatum in the GLUT1DS pathophysiology and confirm the dependency of symptoms to the patients' chronological age. Despite the reduced chronic glucose uptake, GLUT1DS exhibit increased connectivity changes in regions highly sensible to glycopenia. Our results may portrait the effect of neuroprotective brain strategy to overcome the chronic poor energy supply during vulnerable ages.
Costs incurred and determinants of out‐of‐pocket payments for child delivery care in India: Evidence from a nationally representative household survey
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Yuvaraj , Ganesh Karthika , Sakthivel Manikandanesan , Priyan Shanthosh , Rehman Tanveer , Surendran Gayathri
Published: November 2019

In India, out‐of‐pocket (OOP) expenditure on health care services has been showing an increasing trend. The cost and willingness to pay determines the use of facility‐based maternal health services. Hence, the current study was done to find the costs and determinants of OOP payments on childbirth care in India. We analyzed the most recent National Family Health Survey‐4 data (NFHS‐4) gathered from the Demographic Health Survey (DHS) program. Stratification and clustering in the sample design were accounted for by using the “svyset” command. Out of 43 507 women, 26 916 (61.9%) had incurred OOP expenditure during their most recent institutional delivery. The average OOP expenditure for delivery care was INR 5985 ($93.3) with median cost being INR 1000 ($15.6). About 80% of women who had OOP expenditure reported that they handled the financial situation by utilizing the money in their bank/savings account. Determinants of OOP expenses were the age of mother, education, religion, state of residence, number of antenatal visits place of delivery, and mode of delivery (P< .05). Out‐of‐pocket expenditure for accessing care is one of the key determinants of service utilization which, if not addressed by the health system, can deter women from having institutional deliveries in the future.
Numerical study of hydrodynamic flow of a Casson nanomaterial past an inclined sheet under porous medium
Authors: Anwar Muhammad Imran , Rafique Khuram , Misiran Masnita , Shehzad Sabir Ali
Published: November 2019

The main aim of the current paper is to investigate the mass and heat transportation of a Casson nanomaterial generated by the inclination of the surface. The magnetic field effect along with suction or injection are considered. The working nanomaterial is taken into consideration based on the concept of the Buongiorno nanofluid theory, which explores the thermal efficiencies of liquid flows under movement of Brownian and thermophoretic phenomena. The emergent system of differential expressions is converted to dimensionless form with the help of the appropriate transformations. This system is numerically executed by the implementation of Keller–Box and Newton's schemes. A good agreement of results can be found with the previous data in a limiting approach. The behavior of the physical quantities under concern, including energy exchange, Sherwood number, and wall shear stress are portrayed through graphs and in tabular form. The Nusselt number and Sherwood number are found to diminish against the altered magnitudes of Brownian motion and the inclination parameter. Moreover, the velocity profile decreases with the growth of the inclination effect. In the same vein, the buoyancy force and solutal buoyancy effects show a direct relation with the velocity field. The outcomes have promising technological uses in liquid‐based systems related to stretchable constituents.
COPD‐dependent effects of genetic variation in key inflammation pathway genes on lung cancer risk
Authors: Watza Donovan , Lusk Christine M. , Dyson Gregory , Purrington Kristen S. , Wenzlaff Angela S. , Neslund‐Dudas Christine , Soubani Ayman O. , Gadgeel Shirish M. , Schwartz Ann G.
Published: November 2019

Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several loci contributing to lung cancer and COPD risk independently; however, inflammation‐related pathways likely harbor additional lung cancer risk‐associated variants in biologically relevant immune genes that differ dependent on COPD. We selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) proximal to 2,069 genes within 48 immune pathways. We modeled the contribution of these variants to lung cancer risk in a discovery sample of 1,932 lung cancer cases and controls stratified by COPD status and validation sample of 953 cases and controls also stratified by COPD. There were 43 validated SNPs in those with COPD and 60 SNPs in those without COPD associated with lung cancer risk. Furthermore, 29 of 43 and 28 of 60 SNPs demonstrated a statistically significant interaction with COPD in the pooled sample. These variants demonstrated tissue‐dependent effects on proximal gene expression, enhanced network connectivity and resided together in specific immune pathways. These results reveal that key inflammatory related genes and pathways, not found in prior GWAS, impact lung cancer risk in a COPD‐dependent manner. Genetic variation identified in our study supplements prior lung cancer GWAS and serves as a foundation to further interrogate risk relationships in smoking and COPD populations.
Modeling wireless interference in presence of dependent interferers
Authors: Pal Amitangshu
Published: November 2019

The paper proposed an analytical queuing theoretic approach to model the network interference in presence of interferers, especially when their interfering transmissions are dependent on each other. The model is validated using simulations and the effects of dependencies among the interferers are also studied.
Differential Pain‐Related Behaviors and Bone Disease in Immunocompetent Mouse Models of Myeloma
Authors: Diaz‐delCastillo Marta , Kamstrup Danna , Olsen Rikke Brix , Hansen Rie Bager , Pembridge Thomas , Simanskaite Brigita , Jimenez‐Andrade Juan Miguel , Lawson Michelle A , Heegaard Anne‐Marie
Published: November 2019

Bone pain is a serious and debilitating symptom of multiple myeloma (MM) that impairs the quality of life of patients. The underlying mechanisms of the pain are unknown and understudied, and there is a need for immunocompetent preclinical models of myeloma‐induced bone pain. The aim of this study was to provide the first in‐depth behavioral characterization of an immunocompetent mouse model of MM presenting the clinical disease features: osteolytic bone disease and bone pain. We hypothesized that a widely used syngeneic model of MM, established by systemic inoculation of green fluorescent protein‐tagged myeloma cells (5TGM1‐GFP) in immunocompetent C57Bl/KaLwRijHsd (BKAL) mice, would present pain‐related behaviors. Disease phenotype was confirmed by splenomegaly, high serum paraprotein, and tumor infiltration in the bone marrow of the hind limbs; however, myeloma‐bearing mice did not present pain‐related behaviors or substantial bone disease. Thus, we investigated an alternative model in which 5TGM1‐GFP cells were directly inoculated into the intrafemoral medullary cavity. This localized myeloma model presented the hallmarks of the disease, including high serum paraprotein, tumor growth, and osteolytic bone lesions. Compared with control mice, myeloma‐bearing mice presented myeloma‐induced pain‐related behaviors, a phenotype that was reversed by systemic morphine treatment. Micro‐computed tomography analyses of the myeloma‐inoculated femurs showed bone disease in cortical and trabecular bone. Repeated systemic bisphosphonate treatment induced an amelioration of the nociceptive phenotype, but did not completely reverse it. Furthermore, intrafemorally injected mice presented a profound denervation of the myeloma‐bearing bones, a previously unknown feature of the disease. This study reports the intrafemoral inoculation of 5TGM1‐GFP cells as a robust immunocompetent model of myeloma‐induced bone pain, with consistent bone loss. Moreover, the data suggest that myeloma‐induced bone pain is caused by a combinatorial mechanism including osteolysis and bone marrow denervation. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.