bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tú, Usted y la construcción de la heterosexualidad masculina en hombres jóvenes, de clase trabajadora en Tolima
Authors: Zwisler Joshua James
Published: February 2017

Este artículo examina la relación entre el uso del pronombre tú entre hombres de la clase trabajadora y la homosexualidad percibida de su uso. En Colombia, el uso de tú y usted entre hombres es una elección lingüística cuidadosamente considerada –es una elección que viene vinculada con la identidad sexual y género–. Mientras sí hay estudios estadísticos acerca de este fenómeno, la investigación anterior no ha examinado el razonamiento que existe tras esta elección de pronombres. En la sociolingüística y sociología moderna, la heterosexualidad no es vista como un aspecto fijo del ser de la persona como una identidad social que se maneja a través del discurso. Embarcando desde la Teoría de Identidad Social, esta investigación usó una serie de 20 extensas encuestas etnográficas en el Tolima, Colombia, para explorar la conexión que hay entre la heterosexualidad y la elección del   pronombre. Después de analizar los datos usando el muestreo teórico, este trabajo expone la idea de que no es la homosexualidad sino la heterosexualidad la que es construida por el uso cuidadoso de pronombres y que esta última es una construcción delicada. En este contexto, el artículo concluye que la función sociolingüística de tú y usted constituye señales de contextualización para la distancia social requerida de la identidad heterosexual social de los hombres.
Uso de estrategias metacognitivas para la comprensión textual
Authors: Muñoz-Muñoz Ángela Elvinia , Ocaña de Castro Myriam
Published: February 2017

Este artículo presenta resultados de una investigación cuyo objetivo principal se centró en orientar la implementación de estrategias metacognitivas para mejorar la comprensión lectora y, en especial, de inferencias en textos expositivos, mediante una intervención pedagógica apoyada en tres procesos: antes, durante y después de la lectura. La metodología utilizada fue de tipo pre-experimental, con un diseño pre test- post test, sin grupo de control. Según la comparación de los promedios con la t-Student para muestras dependientes, con una significación del 0,05, se concluyó que el uso de las estrategias metacognitivas influyó favorablemente en el proceso lector de estudiantes de secundaria, Grado Octavo, de dos Instituciones Educativas públicas de los municipios de Nuevo Colón y Samacá (Boyacá, Colombia).
Free Fatty Acid Concentration and Carboxy methyl cellulase Activity of Some Formulas of Protected Fat-proteins Tested In Vitro
Authors: Hartati Lilis , Agus Ali , Yusiati Lies Mira , Widyobroto Budi Prasetyo
Published: February 2017

The aim of this study was to determine the levels of free fatty acids and carboxymethylcellulase activity (cmc-ase) activity of some protected fat-proteins base on in vitro Tilley and Terry method. Two sources of fat, i.e. crude palm oil and fish oil and three sources of protein i.e. skim milk, soybean flour and soybean meal were used in the formulation of protected fat-protein, and thus there were six treatment combinations. The filtrate from the in vitro test was analyzed for the levels of free fatty acids and  cmcase activity. The result of this research indicates that different combinations of feed materials and fat give different content of free fatty acid in first stage and second stage in vitro, with the best results in the combination treatment of skim milk and palm oil that give the lowest result of  free fatty acid concentration in fisrt stage in vitro (0.168%) and the highest result free fatty acid concentration in second stage in vitro ( 4.312%) . The activity of CMC-ase was not influenced by different  sources of fat and protein. It can be concluded was that the protection of the combination between skim milk and CPO gives the highest protection results.
Effect of Supplementation Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) as a Source of Alpha-Linolenic Acid on Production Performance and Physical Quality of Egg of Laying Hens
Authors: Kartikasari Lilik , Nuhriawangsa Adi Magna Patriadi , Hertanto Bayu Setya , Swastike Winny
Published: February 2017

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of inclusion plant source of n 3 fat in the form of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) on the diets of layers on production performance and physical quality of eggs. A total of  125 Hy-Line Brown hens (38 weeks old) were placed at individual cages and assigned to five dietary treatments. The dietary treatments were supplemented with 0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0% purslane meal. Laying hens were fed for five weeks following a seven day adaptation period. Water and feed were provided ad libitum. Feed intake (FI) measured weekly and feed consumption ratio (FCR) was calculated at the end of the trial. A total of 25 egg yolk samples of day 35 (n = 5 egg yolks for each treatment) were collected to analyse physical quality of eggs. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Differences between treatment means were further analyzed using Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Results showed that the incorporation of plants rich in ALA did not modify FI, FCR, and egg production. Supplementation of purslane meal in the diets had no effect on physical quality of eggs, including egg weight, yolk weight, albumen index, yolk index and Haugh Unit (HU). The average of egg weight and yolk weight were 60,5 and 15.3 g, respectively. Diet containing purslane meal increased yolk colour. In conclusion, laying hens that fed diet supplemented with purslane meal rich in ALA improved yolk colour and did not change the production performance of the laying hens or the qualities of the eggs.
Cattle Farmers' Participation in Rural Development Program in Bantul Yogyakarta
Authors: Guntoro Budi , Prasetyo Anang Febri , Sulastri Endang
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this study to determine the level of participation, identify the factors that influence the participation of farmers and to analysis the effect of participation in the Scholars develop village or Sarjana Membangun Desa (SMD) program. The research was conducted on a group of beef cattle in the SMD program Bantul Yogyakarta Province. Primary data were collected by survey method using questionnaire interviews on 8 SMD groups consisting of 42 members. Analysis of the level of participation of farmers using discriptive analysis, while to analysis factors that affect the participation of farmers and the influence of participation to the success of the program was used multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS tools for windows 16. The result analysis shows that farmers level participation in planning, 71.43% farmers had low participation; 59.52% farmers in the implementation stage had participation that was middle level. On stage of evaluation 54.76% farmers had low participation and in stage sharing benefits 50% farmers had low participation. Success of the program SMD viewed from population cattle declined from 184 head to 107 head, while the existing capital in the group also decreased from IDR 2.904.000.000 to IDR 1.182.000.000 seen from number of members group declined from 185 farmers being 114 farmers. Regression analysis showed that age, occupation, level of formal education, non-formal education, long became members of the group, farming experience, family income, number of dependents, land holdings, cosmopolitan, group motivation, the role of SMD, and the role of agency participation of farmers had not been able to explain the participation of farmers and the value of R2 value of 0.132 (13.2%). Partially no factor capable of affecting farmers participation. Further results of the regression analysis with the participation of relationship success SMD program showed no effect with R2 value of 0.01.
FOTOREDUKSI Cd (II) MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS TiO2 DENGAN SENSITIZER KLOROFIL YANG DIAKTIVASI SINAR MATAHARI
Authors: Sulaeman Uyi , Riyani Kapti , Riapanitra Anung , Indriastuti Dyah
Published: February 2017

The photoreduction of Cd (II) has been investigated using thin layer catalyst of titanium dioxide and chlorophyll as sensitizer. Thin layer catalyst could be prepared by sol gel method deposited on glass slide. The treatments of experimental are: TiO2 catalyst using chlorophyll without sunlight illumination, TiO2 catalyst using chlorophyll with sunlight illumination and TiO2 catalyst with sunlight illumination. The concentration of Cd (II) in the solution is monitored every 30 minutes until 150 minutes illuminations by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results showed that concentration of Cd (II) decreased reached to 45,53 % in TiO2 catalyst using chlorophyll with sunlight illumination at pH 5 after 150 minutes illumination and it decreased reached to 34.07% at pH 7 after 120 minutes illumination. Addition the chlorophyll to TiO2 catalyst increased photoreduction activities.
ANALISIS KANDUNGAN MINERAL BERPOTENSI TINGGI PADA PASIR GALIAN DI WILAYAH KABUPATEN BANYUMAS
Authors: Irayani Zaroh , Bilalodin Bilalodin
Published: February 2017

It have been done analysis high potential mineral contents of sands and sandstone in Banyumas region. Sands and sandstone are taken from mining traditional at rivers and river’s stone grinder place. Sand samples were taken from Tajum, Logawa, Serayu and Klawing river, while sandstone were taken from Banjaran, Logawa and Klawing river’s grinder place. Sand was separate using permanent magnet to disassociated the magnetic and non magnetic mineral content and analyzed by X-ray difraction to reveal the mineral types. The Result indicated that river sand contained 39% magnetic mineral and 61% non magnetic. While identification using X-ray difraction obtained that sand have mineral of complex structured of valuable element such as Fe, Ti, Si and Zn and also rare earth like Y, Ca, Li and La.
SINTESIS SENYAWA ETILENDIAMIN KALANON MELALUI REAKSI ADISI GUGUS ETILENDIAMIN TERHADAP IKATAN RANGKAP C7-8 DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTILEUKEMIA TERHADAP SEL LEUKEMIA L1210
Authors: Chasani Mochamad , Vaulina Eva , Iswanto Ponco , M. Hanafi M. Hanafi
Published: February 2017

Calanone is a natural compound which could be isolated from tree bark of Calophyllum biflorum Hend and WS ( 0,37 % w/w, crude extract) which have been potency as antileucemia drug (IC50= 59,4 ug/mL). Based on the research, the compound can be used as an anti leukemia drug if it value of IC50 < 10 ug/mL. So the aim of this research are in order to get higher calanone activity by modified of double bond carbon-carbon and to obtained several compounds as well which has a higher activity than calanone of its original compound. Several compounds, several compound can be obtained by modified of doble bond carbon-carbon by ethylendiamine group and antileukemia test of the new compound calanone derivatives towards L1210 leukemia cell. The result of the analysis, using thin layer chromatography with eluent methanol:dichlorometane ( 1:6) , give Rf at 0.51 and initial melting point at range 149oC – 151oC. Infra red spectrophotometry and mass spectrometry were used to identify the synthesized product. The result showed that the mass spectra of ethylendiamine calanone give molecular ion at 449 (M+- H2O, NH3) and ions fragmen at m/e 449; m/e 434; m/e 393; m/e 105, m/e 77. Infra red spectra of its compound showed new peaks at 1620 cm -1 and 1063 cm -1. The activity value toward leukemia cell was IC50= 46,28 µg/mL and its value higther than calanone origin.
PENGARUH MEDIUM PERENDAM TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK, MORFOLOGI, DAN KINERJA MEMBRAN NATA DE COCO
Authors: Widyaningsih Senny , Diastuti Hartiwi
Published: February 2017

Nata de coco is bacterial cellulose which is produced by Acetobacter xylinum in fermentation process of coconut water. Based on its properties, nata de coco can be used as a membrane. Soaking medium in purification of nata de coco gel can influence structure, morphology, and performance of nata de coco membrane. First medium was NaOCl 0.05% and NaOH 5%, Second medium was ultrasonic. Third medium was NaOH 1% and CH3COOH 1%. Mechanical property were analysized based on its tensile strength. Morphology of membrane was analysized using SEM. Performance of membrane was determined based on its permeability. The result showed that nata de coco membrane which had the best value on mechanical properties, morphology, and performance was membrane in third medium.
PEMANFAATAN BAKTERI HASIL ISOLASI DARI TPA (TEMPAT PEMBUANGAN AKHIR) GUNUNG TUGEL KABUPATEN BANYUMAS SEBAGAI AGEN BIODEGRADASI POLIMER POLIEUGENOL
Authors: Lestari Puji , Zusfahair Zusfahair , Riana Ningsih Dian , Widyaningsih Senny
Published: February 2017

A number of microbes are known to have ability to degrade synthetic polymers such as polyeugenol. This research was attempted to know the genus of bacterium that isolated from Gunung Tugel garbage dumping land which is able to degrade polyeugenol and to characterize polyeugenol before and after biodegradation process using this bacterium. Pure eugenol was polymerized into polyeugenol by adding concentrated sulphate acid, and then formed become a thin film. Bacterium which is isolated from Gunung Tugel garbage dumping land was suggested asAcinetobacter sp. Polyeugenol thin film was incubated with this bacterium with various incubation times 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 60 days. Thin film then was characterized including melting point value, percentage of weight loss, molecular weight, and the function groups by FTIR. Melting point of initial polyeugenol was 135-137oC and after biodegradation was 98-100oC. Percentage average of loss weight was 0.5637% (b/v). Molecular weight of polyeugenol before degradation was 61.472.882,91 g/mole and after biodegradation was 5,542,915.464 g/mole. FTIR spectrum percentage of transmittance of polyeugenol after biodegradation was decreased.
PENURUNAN BOD DAN COD LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI TEKSTIL DI KABUPATEN PEKALONGAN DENGAN METODE MULTI SOIL LAYERING
Authors: Irmanto Irmanto , Suyata Suyata
Published: February 2017

Multi Soil Layering (MSL) system is a method of wastewater treatment that increase the soils function to purify wastewater. In the construction of MSL, soils mixed with the charcoal and then filled into the box of size 50x14x50 cm in layers structured like brick pattern. The aims of this research are to determine the concentration of BOD and COD on textile industrial wastewater before and after the process by MSL method. It also determines the optimal loading rate of wastewater on the MSL system, and then it can determine the efficiency of MSL system on reducing the concentration of BOD and COD on textile industrial wastewater. The method which used in this research is an experimental method. The wastewater on the MSL system is loaded on the loading rate variety: 160, 320, 480, 640, and 800 L m-2 day-1. The efficiency of MSL system to removing BOD and COD on textile industrial wastewater are determined on optimal loading rate. The research gave result that MSL method could remove BOD and COD on textile industrial wastewater on the optimal loading rate 320 L m-2 day-1. The efficiency of MSL system in removing BOD and COD on textile industrial wastewater are 96.52 and 80.87% respectively. This indicated that the method MSL serve the purpose of effective alternative method in processing of liquid waste textile industry.
ESTIMASI HUBUNGAN KUANTITATIF STRUKTUR-AKTIVITAS (HKSA) MENGGUNAKAN ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS (ANN)
Authors: Supriyanto Supriyanto
Published: February 2017

The Quantitative structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) study has been performed on pattern of structure-molecule relationship. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model used to estimate pattern of enzyme activity structure-molecule and atomic location in three-dimension for compound of flavonoid as the predictors. Value of determination coefficient used to compare between actual value and value of estimating by ANN models based on enzyme’s wavelength, so resulting cross validating is obtained. We use Quasy-Newton algorithm with Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS) procedure.
SINTESIS 6-NITRO VERATRALDEHID (3,4-DIMETOKSI-6-NITRO BENZALDEHID) DARI VANILIN DENGAN HNO3 DAN CAMPURAN HNO3-H2SO4
Authors: Rastuti Undri , Jumina Jumina , Matsjeh Sabirin
Published: February 2017

The synthesis of 6-nitro veratraldehyde from vanillin was used HNO3 and a mixture of HNO3 and H2SO4. The reaction steps were (I) methylation of vanillin and (2) nitration of the methylation product. Methylation of vanillin was conducted using dimetnylsulfate and NaOH at 60 0C for 2 hours. Nitration of the methylation product was performed in two methods, which using HN03 and using a mixture of HN03 and H2SO4 both at 5 0C for 2 hours. The products were analyzed by means of TLC, GC; IR, 1H-NMR and GC-MS spectrometers.The methylation of vanillin gave 87.7 % yield of veratraldehyde which was found as a white crystal (m.p 43 oC). The nitration of veratraldehyde produced 6-nitro veratraldehyde observed as a yellow crystal having of m.p. 1300C. Nitration using neat HNO3 gave a smaller yield (50.35%) of 6-nitro veratraldehyde than nitration with a mixture of HNO3 and H2SO4 (93.63 %).
PENURUNAN TSS, BOD DAN COD LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI TAHU DI DESA CILONGOK KABUPATEN BANYUMAS MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM ZEOLIT TERAKTIVASI DAN TERIMPREGNASI TiO2
Authors: Suyata Suyata , Irmanto Irmanto
Published: February 2017

Activated and impregnated TiO2 zeolite systems to reduce TSS, BOD, and COD of tofu industrial wastewater in Cilongok Villages had been developed. Activated and impregnated zeolite systems were expected to be able to reduce the concentration of TSS, BOD, and COD. Thus, the research was aimed to know the ability of zeolite systems to reduce the concentration of TSS, BOD, and COD of tofu industrial wastewater. The research used five difference loading rates of tofu industrial wastewater which were 160, 240, 320, 400, and 480 L m-2 day-1. The most effective loading rate was determined by analyzing the concentration of TSS, BOD, and COD before and after processing using zeolite systems. The reduced concentration of TSS, BOD, and COD was determined by filling the activated and impregnated zeolite with industrial wastewater for 24 hours continuously in 30 days. Sampling was done in every 5 days with loading rate of 320 L m-2 day-1. The results indicated that zeolite systems could reduce the concentration of TSS, BOD, and COD of tofu industrial wastewater. The optimum loading rate to reduce the concentration of TSS, BOD, and COD was 320 L m-2 day-1. The efficiency of acid activated zeolite system in reducing the concentration of TSS, BOD, and COD were 83.348%, 91.899%, and 90.700%, respectively. The efficiency of base activated zeolite system in reducing the concentration of TSS, BOD, and COD were 84.380%, 93.711%, and 91.928%, respectively. The efficiency of impregnated zeolite system in reducing the concentration of TSS, BOD, and COD were 82.410%, 90.711%, and 89.917%, respectively.
PENURUNAN KADAR AMONIA, NITRIT, DAN NITRAT LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI TAHU MENGGUNAKAN ARANG AKTIF DARI AMPAS KOPI
Authors: Irmanto Irmanto , Suyata Suyata
Published: February 2017

The tofu industry is one of food industry which the product of organic waste to environment pollution. One of alternative methode which used to overcome tofu industrial waste water pollution is adsorption methode using activated carbon from coffee waste. The aim of this researched is to know about the activated carbon from coffee waste quality which observe of rendemen, water content, ash content, and iodium adsorption, to know optimum contact of time and pH of coffee waste to decrease ammonia, nitrite and nitrate contents in tofu industry waste water and to know decrease percentage of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate contents in tofu industrial waste water using activated carbon from coffee waste. The activated carbon made by soaking of coffee waste in HCl 0.1 M solution for 2 days. The activated carbon coaled in muffle furnace at temperature 350°C. The activated carbon analyzed consist of rendemen, water content, ash content, and iodium adsorption. Optimum contact of time and pH of coffee waste determined in order to get optimum adsorption ammonia, nitrite and nitrate in tofu industrial waste water. Contact time variation are 1, 10, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 minutes and pH variation are 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. The result showed that the activated carbon from coffee waste fulfill the criteria SNI number 06-3730-1995. The activated carbon from coffee waste could be used to decrease the ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate contents in tofu industrial waste water at the optimum contact of time of 30 minutes and pH 7. Decreasing percentage of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate contents in tofu industrial waste water are 64,69% , 52,35% and 86,40% respectively
LAJU ADSORPSI DAN DESORPSI PARAQUAT PADA TANAH PERTANIAN DESA OESAO KECAMATAN KUPANG TIMUR
Authors: M.F. Ledoh Sherlly , Em Wogo Hermania , Arianti S.A Siti
Published: February 2017

The research about determination of kinetic adsorption and desorption rate of paraquat on agriculture area Oesao-east Kupang has been done. The aim of this research was to determine the kinetic of paraquat adsorption before and after saturated and to model the desorption. The research consisted of evaluation of the analitycal procedure for paraquat, pattern of soil kinetic adsorption and paraquat desorption. The result of procedure evaluation showed that reduced paraquat absorbed at λ maximum 606 nm and relative stability at 0-150 minutes. Constant of paraquat kinetic adsorption at natural state bigger than saturated state. k1 value at natural state was 0,011 per minute whereas k1 value at saturated state was 0,003 per minute. Desorption model of paraquat by using three desorbents were ammonium chloride, 29,2% of sea water salinity and aquadest showed the best desorbent was ammonium chloride, followed by sea water and aquadest.
ISOLASI DAN KARAKTERISASI PROTEASE ALKALIN DARI ISOLAT BAKTERI LIMBAH TERNAK DI EXFARM FAKULTAS PETERNAKAN UNSOED
Authors: Zusfahair Zusfahair , Lestari Puji , Asnani Ari
Published: February 2017

Protease is one of the widely used enzymes for the industry. The potential resource of microorganism that produced protease is milk cow waste. In this research, isolation and characterization has been done toward isolated protease from milk cow waste of the Exfarm’s Animal Husbandry Faculty at University of Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto. The research used experiment method and the parameters observed were the genus of bacteria which produce protease and the activity of protease. The characterizations of protease were determination of optimum pH and temperature, the influence of metal ions, EDTA, surfactant, and commercial detergent toward enzyme activity, and also the study of enzyme stability. The results from the research showed that the isolated bacteria from the Exfarm’s of Animal Husbandry Faculty of UNSOED, which produced protease was Salmonella sp. Characterization of isolated Salmonella sp. from 45% ammonium sulphate fraction indicated that the optimum temperature was 50 ºC, optimum pH was 8, the enzyme was activated by Ca2+ dan Mg2+ ion, whereas it was inhibited by Zn2+, Cu2+ ions and EDTA. The addition of Tween-80 with the concentration of 0.2% and 0.4% increased protease activity, however the addition of Tween-80 with concentration higher than 0.6% decreased the protease activity. Enzyme protease from isolated Salmonella sp. was relatively stable with the addition of commercial detergent such as Attack, Surf, and Bukrim.
PENGGUNAAN SPEKTROSKOPI 31P NMR DAN FT-IR UNTUK KARAKTERISASI SENYAWA POLIOKSOMETALAT TIPE DAWSON (NH4)6[b-P2W18O62] DAN (NH4)6[a-P2W18O62]
Authors: Lesbani Aldes , Mohadi Risfidian , Hidayati Nurlisa
Published: February 2017

Telah disintesis senyawa polioksometalat tipe Dawson (NH4)6[b-P2W18O62] dan (NH4)6[a-P2W18O62] yang dilanjutkan dengan karakterisasi menggunakan spektrometer 31P NMR dan FT-IR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa senyawa polioksometalat tipe Dawson memberikan sinyal 31P NMR yang berbeda untuk struktur b dan a. Struktur b pada (NH4)6[b-P2W18O62] menghasilkan dua puncak pada pergeseran kimia -10,90 dan -11,68 ppm sedangkan struktur a memberikan satu puncak pada pergeseran kimia -12,39 ppm yang mengindikasikan adanya rotasi unit W3O13 pada struktur b sebagai penyusun struktur Dawson. Hal ini diperkuat oleh perbedaan spektra FT-IR pada stuktur b yang memiliki vibrasi pada bilangan gelombang 1164 cm-1 sedangkan struktur a tidak. Secara umum spektra FT-IR untuk polioksometalat tipe Dawson (NH4)6[b-P2W18O62] dan (NH4)6[a-P2W18O62] tidak menunjukkan adanya pebedaan yang signifikan terutama pada bilangan gelombang disekitar 1090 cm-1 yang menunjukkan vibrasi P-O.
PROSES PRODUKSI BIOETANOL DARI LIMBAH CAIR GULA DALAM KAITANNYA DENGAN POTENSI SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR DALAM PERSPEKTIF LIFE CYCLE INVENTORY ASSESSMENT
Authors: Samodra Putra Agusta , Rom Hariyadi Hari , Eriska Putra Herlian , Djaenudin Djaenudin , Permana Dani , Pharmawati Kancitra
Published: February 2017

Life cycle inventory assessment merupakan salah satu tahapan di dalam Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) yang bisa digunakan untuk menggambarkan interaksi materi dan energi di dalam suatu proses produksi bioetanol. Studi kasus dilakukan di pabrik gula kawasan Subang dan pabrik bioetanol di kawasan Palimanan yang merupakan pabrik gula dan bioetanol terbesar di Jawa Barat. Inventory yang dilakukan adalah pada bagian perkebunan tebu, pabrikasi tebu menjadi gula, transportasi dari pabrik gula menuju ke pabrik bioetanol, dan pabrikasi etanol. Luas lahan kebun tebu yang dimiliki oleh pabrik gula di Subang adalah seluas 5000 hektar. Dari bahan baku tebu 3000 ton/hari dihasilkan molase sebanyak 60 ton/hari, sisanya menjadi gula dan ampas tebu. Pada inventory kali ini selain dari sisi proses juga dilakukan inventory pada sisi transportasi.
KOMPOSISI KIMIA MINYAK ATSIRI BUAH SIRIH HIJAU (PIPER BETLE L), KEMUKUS (PIPER CUBEBA L) DAN CABE JAWA (PIPER RETROFRACTUM VAHL)
Authors: Wartono M. Widyo , Ainurofiq Ahmad , Ismaniar Maya
Published: February 2017

Tumbuhan genus Piper mempunyai kandungan minyak atsiri hampir disemua bagiannya, namun komposisi kimianya belum semua dilaporkan. Pada laporan ini kami melakukan isolasi dan identifikasi senyawa kimia minyak atsiri pada bagian buah tumbuhan Piper. Isolasi minyak atsiri buah Piper dilakukan dengan destilasi air menggunakan destilasi Stahl dan analisis komposisi kimia dengan kromatografi gas-spektroskopi masa (GC-MS). Kandungan minyak atsiri buah sirih hijau (Piper betle) 1,4% (v/b), cabe jawa (Piper retrofractum) 1% (v/b), dan buah kemukus (Piper cubeba) 1,7% (v/b). Hasil analisis GC-MS menunjukan kandungan utama minyak atsiri adalah senyawa golongan monoterpen, seskuiterpen dan fenil propanoid. Kandungan utama minyak atsiri buah sirih hijau (P. betle) adalah eugenol (12,36%), isokaryofillena (9,55%) dan β-selinena (8,09%), sedangkan komponen utama buah cabe jawa (Piper retrofractum) adalah isokaryofilen (8,88%), β-bisabolen (7,01%) dan zingiberen (6,32%), dan minyak atsiri buah kemukus (Piper cubeba) adalah spathulanol (27,05%), sativen (8,73%) dan germakren D (7,50%).
KAJIAN ADSORPSI HORMON PENGATUR TUMBUH ASAM GIBERELIN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN BENTONIT ALAM
Authors: Nurul Fadlilah Ula , Nugraha Irwan
Published: February 2017

Telah dilakukan adsorpsi asam giberelin dengan menggunakan bentonit alam hasil purifikasi. Proses purifikasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan larutan H2O2. Bentonit alam hasil purifikasi dikarakterisasi dengan Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) dan X-Ray difraction (XRD). Jumlah asam giberelin yang teradsorpsi diukur dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-vis. Proses adsorpsi dilakukan dengan sistem batch dan variasi pH larutan asam giberelin, variasi waktu adsorpsi, variasi kadar bentonit alam serta variasi konsentrasi asam giberelindilakukan untuk mengetahui kapasitas adsorpsi GA3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentonit alam dapat mengadsorpsi asam giberelin pada pH larutan asam giberelin optimum pada pH 3, waktu optimum adsorpsi pada 2 jam, kadar bentonit alam pada 1,5 gram dan konsentrasi optimum asam giberelin pada 70 ppm. Model isoterm adsorpsi GA3 mengikuti model isoterm Freundlich.
EKSPLORASI BAKTERI KITINOLITIK DARI SAMPAH ORGANIK : ISOLASI DAN KARAKTRISASI ENZIM KITINASE
Authors: Purkan Purkan , Azizah Badi’atul , Baktir Afaf , Sumarsih Sri
Published: February 2017

Enzim kitinase banyak digunakan dalam bidang medis, makanan, bioteknologi dan lingkungan. Banyaknya kebutuhan enzim kitinase menuntut penyediannya yang murah dan melimpah dengan teknologi produksi yang sederhana. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk isolasi mikroba kitinolitik dari cairan fermentasi sampah organik, produksi dan uji aktivitas enzim kitinase serta mengetahui karakteristik dari enzim kitinase. Isolasi mikroba telah dilakukan dengan  metode spread plate. Aktivitas kitinase ditentukan secara kualitatif dengan pengukuran indeks kitinolitik dan secara kuantitatif dengan pengukuran absorbansi menggunakan spektrofotometer Uv-Vis pada panjang gelombang 660 nm berdasarkan banyaknya substrat kitin yang dihidrolisis oleh enzim kitinase. Satu dari beberapa isolat yang didapatkan, yaitu isolat A1 menunjukkan aktivitas kitinolitik tertinggi, yaitu sebesar 1,21. Hasil identifikasi mikrobiologi menunjukkan bahwa isolat A1dinyatakan sebagai Pseudomonas pseudomallei. Bakteri ini mampu menghasilkan kitinase secara optimum pada jam ke 18 waktu fermentasi, dengan penambahan molase 0,5% (b/v) dan 1% kitin (b/v) pada media produksinya. Kitinase yang dihasilkan P.  pseudomallei menunjukkan aktivitas optimum pada suhu 50 °C danpH sebesar 6.
KAJIAN FOTODEGRADASI METHYL ORANGE DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KOMPOSIT TiO2-MONTMORILLONIT
Authors: Aryanto Afid , Nugraha Irwan
Published: February 2017

Komposit TiO2-Montmorillonit (Ti-MMT) telah disintesis dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan fotokatalis TiO2 mendegradasi methyl orange. Sintesis komposit dilakukan dengan mencampurkan  TiO2 dan montmorillonit pada larutan etanol, kemudian dipanaskan dengan menggunakan furnace pada temperatur 450 oC selama 5 jam. Komposit  TiO2-MMT dikarakterisasi dengan FT-IR, XRD dan SAA. Uji aktivitas fotodegradasi komposit  TiO2-MMT dilakukan terhadap zat warna methyl orange 8 mg/L dengan variasi waktu penyinaran sinar UV dan massa komposit TiO2-MMT. Fotodegradasi dengan sinar UV dilakukan dalam reaktor UV black light 365 nm 10 watt 220 volt. Hasil fotodegradasi menunjukkan kemampuan aktivitas komposit TiO2-MMT secara optimal terjadi pada waktu penyinaran UV selama 330 menit dengan methyl orange yang terdegradasi sebanyak 81,4 % dan reaksi fotodegradasi tanpa sinar UV dihasilkan methyl orange yang terdegradasi sebanyak 33,25 %. Massa optimum komposit Ti-MMT yang digunakan untuk mendegradasi methyl orange adalah sebesar 200 mg; dengan  methyl orange yang terdegradasi sebanyak 89,3 % untuk fotodegradasi yang menggunakan sinar UV dan 87,3 % untuk fotodegradasi yang tidak menggunakan sinar UV.
PENERAPAN METODE ELEKTROKIMIA UNTUK PENURUNAN CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD) DAN TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLID (TSS) LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI TAHU
Authors: Suyata Suyata , Irmanto Irmanto , Rastuti Undri
Published: February 2017

Limbah cair industri tahu memiliki nilai COD dan TSS yang tinggi, apabila dibuang ke badan perairan akan menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penurunan nilai COD dan TSS limbah cair industri tahu tersebut sebelum dibuang ke badan perairan. Penurunan nilai COD dan TSS limbah cair industri tahu dapat dilakukan menggunakan metode elektrokimia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh voltase, jarak elektroda, pH, dan waktu elektrolisis terhadap penurunan nilai COD dan TSS limbah cair industri tahu.  Eksperimen dilakukan dengan mengelektrolisis limbah cair industri tahu menggunakan anoda PbO2 dan katoda Pb. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dibawah kondisi optimum pada voltase 12V, jarak elektroda 1 cm, pH 1 dan waktu elektrolisis selama 120 menit, penurunan nilai COD dan TSS mencapai 96,33% dan 87,87%
KANDUNGAN MERKURI (Hg) DAGING IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus) YANG DIBUDIDAYAKAN DI KOTA PALANGKA RAYA
Authors: Ciptadi Ciptadi , Damsyik Akhmad , Heriani Heriani
Published: February 2017

Ikan nila banyak dikonsumsi masyarakat Palangka Raya sedangkan  ikan ini sebagian besar dipelihara di lingkungan yang terpapar merkuri. Untuk mengetahui apakah ikan nila tersebut telah terkontaminasi oleh merkuri dalam pemeliharaannya, pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan penentuan tentang  kandungan merkuri dalam daging ikan nila yang dibudidayakan di Sungai Kahayan,  Palangka Raya Kalimantan Tengah. Ikan yang dianalisis dibedakan berdasarkan umur dan tempat budidaya ikan nila yaitu keramba di Sungai Kahayan dan kolam yang terisolasi dari aliran Sungai Kahayan. Data konsentrasi merkuri pada daging ikan nila yang berumur 5-7 bulan yang dipelihara di dalam keramba digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi kandungan merkuri pada ikan nila yang dikeramba di Sungai Kahayan. Data konsentrasi merkuri pada daging ikan nila yang dipelihara di dalam kolam bertujuan untuk membandingkan kandungan merkuri antara ikan nila  yang dipelihara di dalam kolam dengan ikan nila yang dipelihara di dalam keramba yang memiliki umur yang sama. Kandungan merkuri dalam sampel diukur menggunakan Mercury Analyzer. Data konsentrasi merkuri pada daging ikan nila dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis varian (anova : single factor) dengan taraf nyata (α) sebesar  5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daging ikan nila yang diperoleh dari keramba di Sungai Kahayan umur 5-7 bulan mengandung merkuri sebesar 0,0145 ± 0,0005 ppm sampai 0,017 ± 0,001 ppm lebih rendah dari batas maksimum cemaran merkuri dalam ikan dan hasil olahannya menurut SNI 7387 Tahun 2009 yaitu adalah 0,5 ppm.  Dari hasil analisis varian dapat diketahui bahwa terdapat perbedaan kandungan merkuri pada daging ikan nila berdasarkan umur dan tempat budidaya. Kandungan merkuri pada daging ikan nila umur 5 sampai 7 bulan mengalami peningkatan dan kandungan merkuri pada ikan nila yang dibudidayakan di kolam yang terisolasi  lebih rendah daripada kandungan merkuri pada daging ikan nila yang dibudidayakan di keramba pada umur ikan yang sama yaitu  sebesar 0,0115 ± 0,0005ppm.
Dietary Sugars and Endogenous Formation of Advanced Glycation Endproducts: Emerging Mechanisms of Disease
Authors: Aragno Manuela , Mastrocola Raffaella
Published: February 2017

The rapid increase in metabolic diseases occurred in the last three decades in both industrialized and developing countries has been related to the rise in sugar-added foods and sweetened beverages consumption. An emerging topic in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases related to modern nutrition is the role of Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGEs). AGEs can be ingested with high temperature processed foods, but also endogenously formed as consequence of a high dietary sugars intake. Animal models of high sugars consumption, in particular fructose, have reported AGEs accumulation in different tissues in association with peripheral insulin resistance and lipid metabolism alterations. The in vitro observation that fructose is one of the most rapid and effective glycating agent when compared to other sugars has prompted the investigation of the in vivo fructose-induced glycation. In particular, the widespread employment of fructose as sweetener has been ascribed by many experimental and observational studies for the enhancement of lipogenesis and intracellular lipid deposition. Indeed, diet-derived AGEs have been demonstrated to interfere with many cell functions such as lipid synthesis, inflammation, antioxidant defences, and mitochondrial metabolism. Moreover, emerging evidences also in humans suggest that this impact of dietary AGEs on different signalling pathways can contribute to the onset of organ damage in liver, skeletal and cardiac muscle, and brain, affecting not only metabolic control, but global health. Indeed, the here reviewed most recent reports on the effects of high sugars consumption and diet-derived AGEs on human health suggest the need to limit the dietary sources of AGEs, including added sugars, to prevent the development of metabolic diseases and related comorbidities.
Ostreolysin A/Pleurotolysin B and Equinatoxins: Structure, Function and Pathophysiological Effects of These Pore-Forming Proteins
Authors: Frangež Robert , Šuput Dušan , Molgὀ Jordi , Benoit Evelyne
Published: February 2017

Acidic ostreolysin A/pleurotolysin B (OlyA/PlyB, formerly known as ostreolysin (Oly), and basic 20 kDa equinatoxins (EqTs) are cytolytic proteins isolated from the edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus and the sea anemone Actinia equine, respectively. Both toxins, although from different sources, share many similar biological activities: (i) colloid-osmotic shock by forming pores in cellular and artificial membranes enriched in cholesterol and sphingomyelin, (ii) increased vascular endothelial wall permeability in vivo and perivascular oedema, (iii) dose-dependent contraction of coronary vessels, (iv) haemolysis with pronounced hyperkalaemia in vivo, (v) bradycardia, myocardial ischemia and ventricular extrasystoles accompanied by progressive fall of arterial blood pressure and respiratory arrest in rodents. Both types of toxins are haemolytic within nanomolar range concentrations, and it seems that hyperkalaemia plays an important role in toxin cardiotoxicity. However, it was observed that the haemolytically more active EqT III is less toxic than EqT I, the most toxic and least haemolytic EqT. In mice, EqT II is more than 30 times more toxic than OlyA/PlyB when applied intravenously. These observations imply that haemolysis with hyperkalaemia is not the sole cause of the lethal activity of both toxins. Additional mechanisms responsible for lethal action of the two toxins are direct effects on heart, coronary vasoconstriction and related myocardial hypoxia. In this review, we appraise the pathophysiological mechanisms related to the chemical structure of OlyA/PlyB and EqTs, as well as their toxicity.
A New Input Device for Spastics Based on Strain Gauge
Authors: Buchhold Niels , Baumgartner Christian
Published: February 2017

This article presents a new input device for spastic patients and others with similar symptoms. The sensor consists of a disc used to determine positions and can replace standard joysticks in medical devices such as electric-powered wheelchairs. Using a standard joystick while operating a powered wheelchair can result in dangerous situations when spastic movements occur and extremities cramp making them uncontrollable. To avoid this, a disc was developed that can be controlled with any body part. By shifting weight (x- and y-axis) the disc can tilt in any direction creating a proportional output signal and can also be pushed down in the center (z-axis) to open a menu on a screen for example. When spasms occur it is impossible for users to get stuck on the input device because the disc is flat and can be mounted within a control panel. Body parts coming into contact with the disc would merely slide across the disc without triggering unintentional actions. The sensor presented here is also adaptive and can be adjusted to fit a user’s strength and range of motion. This proposal aims to develop an input device that enables spastic patients to operate sensitive systems safely.
Impact of Early Head Start in North Carolina on Dental Care Use Among Children Younger Than 3 Years
Authors: Burgette Jacqueline M. , Preisser John S. , Weinberger Morris , King Rebecca S. , Lee Jessica Y. , Rozier R. Gary
Published: February 2017

Objectives. To examine the effects of North Carolina Early Head Start (EHS), an early education program for low-income children younger than 3 years and their families, on dental care use among children.

Methods. We performed a quasi-experimental study in which we interviewed 479 EHS and 699 non-EHS parent–child dyads at baseline (2010–2012) and at a 24-month follow-up (2012–2014). We estimated the effects of EHS participation on the probability of having a dental care visit after controlling for baseline dental care need and use and a propensity score covariate; we included random effects to account for EHS program clustering.

Results. The odds of having a dental care visit of any type (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.74, 3.48) and having a preventive dental visit (adjusted OR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.84, 3.63) were higher among EHS children than among non-EHS children. In addition, the adjusted mean number of dental care visits among EHS children was 1.3 times (95% CI = 1.17, 1.55) the mean number among non-EHS children.

Conclusions. This study is the first, to our knowledge, to demonstrate that EHS participation increases dental care use among disadvantaged young children.
A Systematic Review of Cardiovascular Disease in Sexual Minorities
Authors: Caceres Billy A. , Brody Abraham , Luscombe Rachel E. , Primiano Jillian E. , Marusca Peter , Sitts Edward M. , Chyun Deborah
Published: February 2017

Background: Mental health and HIV disparities are well documented among sexual minorities, but there is a dearth of research on other chronic conditions. Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Although sexual minorities have high rates of several modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease (including stress, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption), there is a paucity of research in this area.

Objectives: In this systematic review, we synthesized and critiqued the existing evidence on cardiovascular disease among sexual minority adults.

Search Methods: We conducted a thorough literature search of 6 electronic databases for studies published between January 1985 and December 2015 that compared cardiovascular disease risk or prevalence between sexual minority and heterosexual adults.

Selection Criteria: We included peer-reviewed English-language studies that compared cardiovascular disease risk or diagnoses between sexual minority and heterosexual individuals older than 18 years. We excluded reviews, case studies, and gray literature. A total of 31 studies met inclusion criteria.

Data Collection and Analysis: At least 2 authors independently abstracted data from each study. We performed quality assessment of retrieved studies using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool.

Main Results: Sexual minority women exhibited greater cardiovascular disease risk related to tobacco use, alcohol consumption, illicit drug use, poor mental health, and body mass index, whereas sexual minority men experienced excess risk related to tobacco use, illicit drug use, and poor mental health. We identified several limitations in the extant literature. The majority of included studies were cross-sectional analyses that used self-reported measures of cardiovascular disease. Even though we observed elevated cardiovascular disease risk, we found few differences in cardiovascular disease diagnoses (including hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol). Overall, 23 of the 26 studies that examined cardiovascular disease diagnoses used subjective measures. Only 7 studies used a combination of biomarkers and self-report measures to establish cardiovascular disease risk and diagnoses.

Authors’ Conclusions: Social conditions appear to exert a negative effect on cardiovascular disease risk among sexual minorities. Although we found few differences in cardiovascular disease diagnoses, we identified an elevated risk for cardiovascular disease in both sexual minority men and women. There is a need for research that incorporates subjective and objective measures of cardiovascular disease risk.

Public Health Implications: Cardiovascular disease is a major health concern for clinicians, public health practitioners, and policymakers. This systematic review supports the need for culturally appropriate interventions that address cardiovascular disease risk in sexual minority adults.
Cumulative Lifetime Marijuana Use and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Middle Age: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study
Authors: Reis Jared P. , Auer Reto , Bancks Michael P. , Goff David C. , Lewis Cora E. , Pletcher Mark J. , Rana Jamal S. , Shikany James M. , Sidney Stephen
Published: February 2017

Objectives. To investigate the effects of marijuana in the development of incident cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes.

Methods. Participants were 5113 adults aged 18 to 30 years at baseline (1985–1986) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study, who were followed for more than 25 years. We estimated cumulative lifetime exposure to marijuana using repeated assessments collected at examinations every 2 to 5 years. The primary outcome was incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) through 2013.

Results. A total of 84% (n = 4286) reported a history of marijuana use. During a median 26.9 years (131 990 person-years), we identified 215 CVD events, including 62 strokes or transient ischemic attacks, 104 cases of coronary heart disease, and 50 CVD deaths. Compared with no marijuana use, cumulative lifetime and recent marijuana use showed no association with incident CVD, stroke or transient ischemic attacks, coronary heart disease, or CVD mortality. Marijuana use was not associated with CVD when stratified by age, gender, race, or family history of CVD.

Conclusions. Neither cumulative lifetime nor recent use of marijuana is associated with the incidence of CVD in middle age.
Researching a Civil War Drummer Boy
Authors: Clifford Mary Louise
Published: February 2017

My father told me stories about his father Almon, who was a drummer boy during the Civil War. At age 14, Almon ran away from home to follow an Indiana regiment marching off to war. The second time he ran away, he changed his name to Albert Walton so his mother couldn’t find him. He was mustered into the Seventy-fifth Indiana Infantry Volunteers regiment, was captured at the Battle of Chickamauga, and survived Andersonville prison.
Development of SSR Marker Set to Identify Fourty Two Indonesian Soybean Varieties
Authors: Risliawati Andari , Riyanti Eny I. , Lestari Puji , Utami Dwinita W. , Silitonga Tiur S.
Published: February 2017

Profile of molecular marker can be used for variety identification, genetic purity monitoring of germplasm and additional
requirement in proposing intellectual property protection. DNA fingerprinting of soybean had been applied at the ICABIOGRADIAARD
since 2004 using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers which were run automatically by CEQ 8000 Genetic Analyzer
platform based on capillary electrophoresis system. This method had produced unique DNA fingerprints of the varieties tested,
but the marker set to efficiently identify the varieties had not yet been developed. This study aimed to develop a set of SSR
markers as a tool to identify the Indonesian soybean varieties. Fourty two soybean varieties were analyzed using 14 random SSR
markersA total of 168 alleles that were obtained from the polymorphism analysis. The average of polymorphic information
content (PIC) value observed was 0.7337 per SSR locus. Based on marker reproducibility rate, PIC value, number of rare alleles,
frequency of dominant alleles, and percentage of SSR fragment detected by genetic analyzer, we identified five SSR markers i.e.
Satt414, Satt147, Satt308, Satt009, and Satt516 as a SSR marker set to be used for soybean variety identification purposes. This
marker set was used to develop the identity (ID) of the 42 Indonesian soybean varieties.
Induksi Kalus dan Optimasi Regenerasi Empat Varietas Padi melalui Kultur In Vitro
Authors: Purnamaningsih Ragapadmi
Published: February 2017

A study was conducted at the Tissue Culture Laboratory of ICABIOGRAD, Bogor, to obtain an optimum medium formulation for calli regenerations of for rice varities (Ciherang, Cisadane, IR64, and T-309). The research activities were done in five steps, i.e., callus induction, callus regeneration, shoot multiplication, root formation, and plant acclimatization. The type of explants used in the study was embriozygotic explants. Five media formulations were used for the callus induction, while four media formulations were used for the callus regeneration. The results showed that the best medium formulation for induction of callus formation was MS + 2,4-D 2 mg/l + casein hidrolisat 3 mg/l, while the best medium formulation for callus regeneration was MS + BA 3 mg/l + thidiazuron 0,1 mg/l.