bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Live Interactive Virtual Explorations Involving a Hard-to-Reach Native American Earth Lodge and a Pacific Island Volcanoes Site
Authors: Bruch Kimberly Mann , Braun Hans-Werner , Teel Susan
Published: September 2020

For several years, National Park Service scientists, historians, and educators have been working with National Science Foundation-funded High Performance Wireless Research and Education Network (HPWREN) researchers on developing, implementing, and evaluating Live Interactive Virtual Explorations (LIVE) at several sites. The LIVE activities utilize computers with headsets and microphones to link National Park Service sites with an array of audiences. The two case studies in this paper examine the effectiveness of LIVE activities that allow Washington, DC, inner-city youth to explore two hard-to-reach National Park Service sites: Knife River Indian Villages National Historic Site in North Dakota and the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park.
Multiple Goal Conveyance in a State Park Interpretive Boat Cruise
Authors: Benton Gregory M.
Published: September 2020

The qualitative case study examined interpretive programs for four sets of management goals. A proposed model, Four Conceptions of Interpretation, previously tested in national parks, was retested in a state park. The four conceptions are (a) connecting visitors to resources, (b) conveying agency mission and influencing behavior, (c) encouraging environmental literacy, and (d) promoting tourism. The hypothesis was that evidence of all four conceptions would be found in visitor recall of interpretive programs. Analysis found conceptions one and two strongly recalled by visitors. Conception three, environmental literacy, was conveyed by staff and moderately recalled by visitors. Conception four, tourism, identified in the Arkansas State Parks mission and opening dedication speeches, did not find its way into programs. Findings suggest that all four conceptions identified in foundational literature, mission, overall park vision, and staff interview did not trickle down into interpretive practice; it was not recalled by visitors in programs.
Influence of Activity Involvement and Place Attachment on Volunteer Interpreters’ Satisfaction in Taiwan
Authors: Pan Su-Lan , Wu C. , Chou Ju , Simpson Steven
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this research was to establish a conceptual model of volunteer interpreters’ satisfaction in Taiwan. The objectives were: (1) to understand Taiwanese volunteer interpreters’ activity involvement, place attachment, and personal satisfaction and (2) to propose a hypothetical structural model representing the association between activity involvement, place attachment, and interpreters’ satisfaction. A total of 378 surveys were collected from volunteer interpreters at six Taiwan national parks and the Taipei Zoo. Based on the findings, research targets’ activity involvement was high and place attachment was moderate. Their satisfaction, however, was high. Furthermore, the results showed that the volunteer interpreters’ activity involvement and place attachment positively and significantly influenced satisfaction; their activity involvement also positively influenced place attachment.

Based on the results, researchers proposed suggestions for agency managers who use volunteers, among them promoting interpreters’ activity involvement and place attachment in order to enhance volunteer satisfaction.
The application of the interpretive master planning process for natural and cultural resources and ecotourism to help reduce negative environmental impact on these sites: A Case Study of Ban Watchan Royal Project, Thailand
Authors: Danwandee Daranee , Summaniti Luxsana , Sri-ngrnyung Kriangsak
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this research was for developing an interpretive master planning process for natural and cultural resource ecotourism based on a sustainable design concept. The objectives for the program were to educate people and encourage participation to set up an interpretation planning approach appropriate to know community needs and opinions within the resources’ sites and to assess the potential natural/cultural resources of the area, and protection to decrease environmental impacts on parks and natural areas, especially smoke from fire problems which seem to afflict almost of northern Thailand.

The applied research uses tools such as questionnaires, observations, interview data, and site surveying, as well as the participatory process with stakeholders and government staff to create area mapping, and to set up planning and facilities development by the stake holders, the local government, and local people so that they may learn about and participate in the interpretive master planning process and learn how to encourage ecotourism of this area.

The results of the research illustrated the advantage of interpretation of the natural and cultural resources with the concentration of a park or natural area to set appropriate knowledge and management learning an behavioral objectives for all users at the visitor center.
Roving with a Digital Visual Library: Increased Learning Opportunities at Carlsbad Caverns National Park
Authors: Merson Martha , Allen Louise C. , Cox Pam L. , Hristov Nickolay I.
Published: September 2020

At Carlsbad Caverns National Park, park rangers blended traditional personal interpretation with technology to showcase park-based research and to advance science literacy among visitors. Interpreters and Scientists Working on Our Parks (iSWOOP) provided interpreters with professional development and a selection of visualizations from scientists’ research on Brazilian free-tailed bats and their habitat at Carlsbad Caverns. After using tablets containing these visualizations for informal interpretive interactions, the interpreters responded to an open-ended survey. The authors examined interpreters’ responses, finding that interpreters regarded tablets as helpful in accomplishing several interpretive goals, especially in particular locations. Interpreters were strategic in initiating and sustaining interactions. Visitors’ reactions were positive; nevertheless, there were challenges indicating that this new form of interpretation is worthy of further research.
Evaluating Environmental Interpretation with Mixed Method: A Case Study at the International Crane Foundation, Wisconsin
Authors: Ren Qing , Folta Elizabeth
Published: September 2020

A mixed method approach was used to evaluate effectiveness of environmental interpretation on visitors’ knowledge, environmental attitude, and pro-environmental behavioral intentions at the International Crane Foundation. Quantitative analysis suggests that participating in personal interpretation has the advantage of improving an audience's knowledge level, but is no more effective than nonpersonal interpretation in influencing attitude and behavioral intentions. Personal and nonpersonal interpretive methods are both effective in promoting knowledge and behavioral intentions for conservation, but do not influence environmental attitude. Qualitative results indicate that participation in personal interpretation makes more of an impression in the visitors’ long-term memory than nonpersonal interpretation.
Can an Immersion Exhibit Inspire Connection to Nature and Environmentally Responsible Behavior?
Authors: Pennisi Lisa , Lackey N. Qwynne , Holland Stephen M.
Published: September 2020

Nature centers, museums, zoos, and other exhibit-based institutions need to sustain or increase visitation for economic viability. To generate visitor interest, exhibits have become more interactive, with immersion exhibits becoming increasingly popular. Visitor research has traditionally focused on learning or social aspects of the visitor experience rather than psychological dimensions related to attitudes, values, and behaviors. Yet nature-focused institutions increasingly support broad-based issues, such as encouraging connection to nature and environmentally responsible behavior. This paper explores how an immersion exhibit without personal interpretation, impacts connectedness to nature, intentions for environmentally responsible behaviors, and other aspects of visitor experiences. Short visits to a free-flying butterfly exhibit were found to augment visitors’ connectedness to nature and environmentally responsible behavioral intentions. Visitors also described how they appreciated the intensely beautiful surroundings, were awe-struck, felt a great deal of peace and relaxation, and felt oneness with nature.
Measuring Elaboration and Evaluating Its Influence on Behavioral Intentions
Authors: Miller Zachary D. , Freimund Wayne , Powell Robert B.
Published: September 2020

The focus of this study is on developing a scale that measures elaboration as originally conceptualized by Vezeau et al. (2015), and then tests whether the elaboration scale is able to predict a variety of related behaviors. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to investigate the validity and reliability of the scale. The results suggest that the scale was successful in improving upon previous research in that all theoretical constructs were present in the second-order model of elaboration. Additionally, structural equation modeling was used to examine the predictive validity of the elaboration scale, which was successful in predicting a variety of related behaviors. This research advances the theoretical understanding and measurement of elaboration. Results can be used for evaluating interpretation efforts, including the assessment of programs and materials. Additionally, the results provide further evidence of elaboration as a measured construct and opens a variety of new avenues for research in environmental interpretation and informal education. Practitioners can use this research to reinforce or change attitudes and behaviors of visitors to those more consistent with an agency or organization mission by promoting interest, awareness, and cognitive engagement (collectively termed elaboration) in their interpretive products.
The Impact of Appropriate Interpersonal Touch (AIT) via Handshake on Perceived Credibility of Interpreter and Message
Authors: Shortt Mickey , Laird Shelby Gull , Darville Ray , Williams Pat Stephens
Published: September 2020

The role of interpersonal touch has been studied in communication fields, demonstrating a handshake or other form of appropriate interpersonal touch (AIT) has rendered favorable results in rapport building with an audience as well as developing audience comfort and receptivity to messaging. This study aimed to determine if the use of a handshake prior to interpretive programming would increase the positivity of perception of a visitor toward interpreters and/or the message shared by interpreters.

Four interpreters gave both control and test interpretive programs, with 404 participants completing surveys at the site for a period of about one month. The interpreters were then asked to reflect on their practice at the end of the study. The research also discusses viewpoints of professionals in the field of interpretation about the current use and perception of touch. Trough three angles, the research demonstrated that AIT positively affects a visitor's perception of the interpreter and the message shared. The research also highlights and discusses boundaries in the use of touch and next steps toward researching AIT's role in the field of interpretation.
More than Just a Crash of Rhinos: A Self-Study of My Time as a Wildlife Interpreter
Authors: Burris Alexandra M.
Published: September 2020

This study seeks to fill a gap in research on interpretation by using my experience as an interpretive guide to critically examine the goals of interpretation and the use of the best practices of interpretation. In particular, this study examines conflicts that arose between my own goals, the goals of the visitor, and the goals of the institution. I utilized self-study methodology including conversations with critical friends, journal entries, visitor evaluations, a literature review, and a review of video data of my own tours. Qualitative analysis of the data triangulated evidence from these sources to find emergent themes. The paper also discusses the growth that occurred in my own teaching as I struggled with utilizing the best practices of interpretation. I investigated two main areas—the goals of interpretation and the types of practices used to achieve these goals. Themes that arose included tensions with the establishment I worked for, tensions with the perceived goals of visitors, as well as struggles with the use of humor, personal connections, and silence. Findings from the study suggest a need for greater communication about goals and practices within informal and free-choice learning institutions. Implications for using self-study as a tool for improving interpretation are discussed.
Identifying Audiences and Messages for Nonformal Environmental Education– a Theoretical Framework for Interpreters
Authors: Ham Sam H. , Krumpe Edwin E.
Published: September 2020

This paper outlines a theoretically driven approach to identifying strategic audiences for nonformal environmental education and communication efforts, and offers a rationale for determining message content for site-based interpretive programs aimed at modifying the behaviors of two strategic audiences—on-site visitors and local communities. The role each of these audiences might play in resource protection and examples of theoretically derived messages that might be used to influence their behavior are discussed. Drawing on the Theory of Reasoned Action and the Theory of Planned Behavior, a framework is outlined for designing effective environmental education and communication interventions for replacing and modifying problematic environmental behaviors in and adjacent to protected areas. Representative research issues pertaining to both the design and the evaluation of communication interventions are also presented.
High-Quality Qualitative Research: Getting Into Gear
Authors: Epp Amber M. , Otnes Cele C.
Published: September 2020

In this editorial, we leverage the metaphor of the road trip to help those authors submitting to the Journal of Service Research and other publications craft high-quality qualitative research (HQQR). We outline three criteria as hallmarks of HQQR: relevant research addresses important problems or gaps, rigorous research makes data collection and analysis transparent, and responsive research reflects the ability to adapt to concerns and critiques as the project unfolds. We unpack four essentials of the road trip that enable authors to deliver on the above criteria: vehicle (theory), route (research design), traveling companions (coauthors, participants), and safety kit (planning, tools). We explain how choices made by researchers not only can foster HQQR but can also fuel the journey to publication. Our “Road Trip Checklist” provides a quick reference to specific questions researchers should ask to address each essential element and offers article exemplars that masterfully respond to these questions. We hope this editorial encourages researchers to draw on qualitative techniques to explore service-related topics that would benefit from immersive fieldwork and that it inspires the necessary guidance and confidence to get on the road.
“Engineering Resilience” Into Split-Second Shoot/No Shoot Decisions: The Effect of Muzzle-Position
Authors: Taylor Paul L.
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of engineering resilience into the split-second decision environment police officers face during potential deadly force encounters. Using a randomized controlled experiment that incorporated a police firearms training simulator and 313 active law enforcement officers, this study examined the effects of muzzle-position – where an officer points their weapon – on both officer response time to legitimate threats and the likelihood for misdiagnosis shooting errors when no threat was present. The results demonstrate that officers can significantly improve shoot/no-shoot decision-making without sacrificing a significant amount of time by taking a lower muzzle-position when they are dealing with an ambiguously armed person – a person whose hands are not visible.
Comparison of surgical indications and short- and long-term complications in 56 cats undergoing perineal, transpelvic or prepubic urethrostomy
Authors: Seneviratne Maheeka , Stamenova Polina , Lee Karla
Published: September 2020

Objectives

The aim of this study was to compare indications, complications and mortality rates for perineal urethrostomy (PU), transpelvic urethrostomy (TPU) and prepubic urethrostomy (PPU).

Methods

A retrospective review of, and follow-up owner questionnaire for, cats undergoing urethrostomy between 2008 and 2018, at a single referral hospital, were performed.

Results

Fifty-six cats underwent urethrostomy (PU, n = 37; TPU, n = 8; PPU, n = 11). The presenting problem was significantly associated with urethrostomy technique ( P <0.001). For PU cats, feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC; n = 21 [56.7%]) was the most common problem, whereas for PPU cats, trauma (n = 9 [81.8%]) was most common ( P <0.001). Urethrostomy technique was associated with imaging diagnosis ( P <0.001) of the urethral lesion. Most PU cats had no diagnostic imaging lesion (n = 15 [40.5%]) or obstructive calculi or clots (n = 10 [27.0%]), and all PPU cats had urethral rupture. Ten (90.9%) PPU cats had a pelvic lesion, while 21 (56.7%) PU cats had a penile lesion. TPU cats had a range of presenting problems and imaging diagnoses. Short- and long-term complications were reported in 33/55 (60.0%) and 11/30 (36.7%) cats, respectively. The number of cats with long-term complications was greater among PPU cats ( P = 0.02). Short-term dermatitis ( P = 0.019) and long-term incontinence ( P = 0.01) were associated with PPU. Short-term mortality was 5.6% and long-term mortality was 13.3%; both were independent of urethrostomy technique. Quality of life post-urethrostomy, across all techniques, was graded as good by 93% of owners.

Conclusions and relevance

In this study, PU was the most common feline urethrostomy technique indicated for FIC. Short-term urethrostomy complications are common, irrespective of urethrostomy technique. Long-term complications are less frequent but more common with PPU.
GenderLAB: Norm-critical design thinking for gender equality and diversity
Authors: Christensen Jannick Friis , Mahler Rebekka , Teilmann-Lock Stina
Published: September 2020

This article addresses recent debates in critical management studies (CMS) on the impact of research beyond academia and critical performativity—in other words, it addresses the need for researchers to engage with and intervene in organizational practices while remaining critical of these practices. GenderLAB has been developed to address this need by organizing academic activism and drawing critical insights from studies in gender equality and diversity in a way that can impact organizations. By combining the reflexive process of norm critique with action-oriented design thinking, GenderLAB contributes a methodology that holds potential for overcoming the current critical/constructive impasse in CMS literature.
Examining key hotel attributes for guest sleep and overall satisfaction
Authors: Robbins Rebecca , Grandner Michael , Knowlden Adam , Severt Kimberly
Published: September 2020

Introduction

Despite the fact that hotels provide a venue for sleeping, there is surprisingly little research that has explored sleep among hotel guests. The aim of this study is to identify the relationship between hotel attributes (e.g., light in the guestroom, bed linens), guest sleep, and overall guest satisfaction.

Methods

Cross-sectional survey data were obtained from frequent business and leisure travelers (N = 609). Guest sleep satisfaction and overall guest satisfaction were measured on 5-point Likert scales. Participants were asked to report the extent to which hotel attributes (e.g., “Room too light or too dark”) related to their sleep on a scale from 1 (not at all) to 5 (very much). We used ordinal logistic regression to predict guest sleep and hotel satisfaction using hotel attributes as predictors while controlling for age, sex, and relationship status.

Results

Hotel guest sleep did not differ between business and leisure travelers. Hotel guest sleep was inversely associated with “uncomfortable bed linen,” “uncomfortable pillows,” and “sound from the air conditioning unit or heater.” Regression revealed that sleep satisfaction was a strong predictor of overall hotel satisfaction.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that guest sleep is be a critical component of the guest satisfaction equation. Importantly, our study illuminated the hotel attributes that offer the biggest contribution to hotel guest sleep and the specific steps for improving guest sleep.
Can music reminiscence approaches be used in moderate–severe dementia? A pilot of music mirrors
Authors: Camerlynck Marie-Frederique , Sedgwick Ottilie , Lister Helen
Published: September 2020

Music-based therapies have been widely evaluated for individuals with dementia. Music Mirrors (MM) is a new music-based reminiscence tool that looks to improve person-centred care, encourage conversation and stimulate reminiscence. Since MM is designed for persons with mild dementia, this project looked to determine the feasibility, acceptability and efficacy of the tool with three individuals with moderate to severe dementia. Over 6 weeks, 12 sessions were conducted, assessing for mood and behavioural changes during and after each session. Despite limitations to the project, overall results suggest that MM can be beneficial to people with moderate to severe dementia.
Observed Physical Function Is Associated With Better Cognition Among Elderly Adults: The Adventist Health Study-2
Authors: Gatto Nicole M. , Garcia-Cano Jennifer , Irani Crissy , Liu Tiantian , Arakaki Cameron , Fraser Gary , Wang Charles , Lee Grace J.
Published: September 2020

Lifestyle factors may individually protect against the development of mild cognitive impairment. We investigate the relationships between both self-reported physical activity and measured physical function with cognition in a population of elderly adults, more than half of whom follow vegetarian dietary patterns. Otherwise healthy adults (n = 127, mean age 74.9 ± 7.9 years, 61.3% current vegetarians) were assessed using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. A principal components analysis derived processing speed, executive function, and memory/language factors. Participants reported current levels of vigorous physical activity on questionnaires, and physical function and mobility were measured with the Physical Performance Test (PPT) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test. Generalized linear models estimated β coefficients for cross-sectional associations between cognitive factors and indicators of physical abilities and self-reported physical activity. Better physical function indicated by PPT was associated with higher scores on the processing speed factor (β = 0.21 SDs for each 4.4-point increase in PPT score; p = 0.02). Faster TUG times were also associated with higher processing speed factor scores (β = 0.21 SDs increase for each 2.8 second less TUG time; p = 0.02). Self-reported levels of vigorous physical activity were not associated with any area of cognitive function; the association between PPT, TUG and processing speed was independent of physical activity. Associations between PPT and TUG and processing speed were stronger among participants who followed vegetarian dietary patterns. Better physical function may have an effect on cognition in a context of healthy lifestyles.
Anonymous Versus Self-Identified Response Formats for School Mental Health Screening
Authors: Wagle Rhea , Dowdy Erin , Furlong Michael J. , Nylund-Gibson Karen , Carter Delwin , Hinton Tameisha
Published: September 2020

Schools are an essential setting for mental health supports and services for students. To support student well-being, schools engage in universal mental health screening to identify students in need of support and to provide surveillance data for district-wide or state-wide policy changes. Mental health data have been collected via anonymous and self-identified response formats depending on the purpose of the screening (i.e., surveillance and screening, respectively). However, most surveys do not provide psychometric evidence for use in both types of response formats. The current study examined whether responses to the Social Emotional Health Survey–Secondary (SEHS-S), a school mental health survey, are comparable when administered using anonymous versus self-identified response formats. The study participants were from one high school and completed the SEHS-S using self-identified ( n = 1,700) and anonymous ( n = 1,667) formats. Full measurement invariance was found across the two response formats. Both substantial and minimal latent mean differences were detected. Implications for the use and interpretation of the SEHS-S for schoolwide mental health are discussed.
Have Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Juvenile Justice Declined Over Time? An Empirical Assessment of the DMC Mandate
Authors: Zane Steven N.
Published: September 2020

The present study examines whether racial and ethnic disparities in juvenile justice declined significantly in a state that has made substantial reform efforts in compliance with the Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC) mandate. Using a sample of all referrals in Connecticut with final disposition in 2000 (N = 18,458) or 2010 (N = 12,265), the study employed multilevel modeling with cross-level interactions to assess whether disparities changed over time for five outcomes: detention, petition, adjudication, commitment, and waiver to criminal court. Findings indicated that Black-White disparities in detention decreased over time, while Black-White disparities increased for petition, adjudication, and waiver. Findings also indicated that Hispanic-White disparities increased for adjudication (while not changing for other outcomes). The limited success of the DMC mandate may be explained by implementation failure or theory failure. Adjudicating between these alternative explanations is needed to guide future reform efforts. Several implications for research and policy are discussed, including whether reform efforts should focus on overall harm reduction rather than proportional representation.
System leadership as depoliticisation: Reconceptualising educational leadership in a new multi-academy trust
Authors: Courtney Steven J , McGinity Ruth
Published: September 2020

System leadership continues to be constructed largely as a desirable, even normative, evolution of educational leadership, with critiques often focusing on implementation rather than principles. This belies its increasingly recognised role in processes of disintermediation, in which the ‘middle tier’ comprising local government is dismantled. In this article, we draw on interview and observation data from our case study research in a new multi-academy trust to argue that system leadership is better understood as a manifestation of, and mechanism for, depoliticisation. We present a reconceptualisation of system leadership in which its primary function is to enable and operationalise three forms of depoliticisation: governmental, societal and discursive. We conclude that system leadership as depoliticisation is a suite of professional practices with linked identities and dispositions that operationalises the state’s project to depoliticise education in England through multi-academisation, or the creation of multi-academy trusts.
Perceived coach-created environment directly predicts high school athletes’ physical activity during sport
Authors: Chu Tsz Lun (Alan) , Zhang Xiaoxia , Lee Joonyoung , Zhang Tao
Published: September 2020

Sport participation is an important means for adolescents to achieve moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), yet most high school students including athletes do not achieve the 60-minute daily MVPA guideline. As psychosocial factors influence athlete engagement and physical activity during sport, the perceived environment created by coaches could play a role in this influence. Guided by self-determination and achievement goal theories, this four-month prospective study examined the direct and indirect effects of perceived coach-created environment on high school athletes’ MVPA and sedentary behavior (SB) during sport. During the third to fourth week of a sport season, 225 high school athletes ( Mage = 15.24 years) completed a survey assessing perceptions of coach-created empowering and disempowering climates as well as psychological need satisfaction and frustration. Four months later, their MVPA and SB percentage times (%) during sport were measured using accelerometers. Path analyses partially supported our hypothesis, indicating significant direct effects of a perceived empowering climate on need satisfaction (β = .41) and need frustration (β = –.29), and direct effects of a perceived disempowering climate on need frustration (β = .38) and MVPA% (β = –.28). No significant indirect effects on MVPA% or SB% were found. Findings support and provide new insights into the important role of disempowering beyond empowering climates in predicting high school athletes’ PA. Specifically, when coaches display ego-involving and controlling behaviors, high school athletes may disengage during sport and achieve less overall MVPA. Further examination of these relationships using a longitudinal design across more diverse samples is warranted.
Myrcene Exhibits Antitumor Activity Against Lung Cancer Cells by Inducing Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Mechanisms
Authors: Bai Xudong , Tang Jin
Published: September 2020

Myrcene, a natural olefinic hydrocarbon, possesses anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibiotic, and antimutagenic properties, but its anticancer effect has not yet been elucidated. Hence, the present study was framed to investigate the molecular mechanism by which myrcene mediates the anticancer activity of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. In vitro, A549 lung cancer cells were cultured either with or without myrcene, and the effects on cellular metabolic activity, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial integrity, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage, and activity of caspases were analyzed. The study demonstrated that compared with control cells, myrcene induces cell death in a dose-dependent manner while inducing ROS levels. Further experiments revealed that the metabolic activity of the A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells was diminished with increased DNA damage and altered cellular integrity. In addition, increased activity of caspase-3 was also evidenced with reduced mitochondrial membrane potential synthesis in the myrcene-treated cells, which demonstrate that lung cancer cells experience signs of toxicity during myrcene treatment through the activation of the apoptosis mechanism via mitochondria-mediated cell death signaling and induction of oxidative stress. The results provide the first report on the evidence of anticancer activity and the possibility of a new drug that could be used for the treatment of lung cancer.
Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein–Derived Peptides Secreted by Cartilage Do Not Induce Responses Commonly Observed during Osteoarthritis
Authors: Andrés Sastre Enrique , Zaucke Frank , Witte-Bouma Janneke , van Osch Gerjo J.V.M , Farrell Eric
Published: September 2020

Objective

To evaluate if 3 peptides derived from the cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), which wounded zones of cartilage secrete into synovial fluid, possess biological activity and might therefore be involved in the regulation of specific aspects of joint regeneration.

Methods

The 3 peptides were produced by chemical synthesis and then tested in vitro for known functions of the COMP C-terminal domain from which they derive, and which are involved in osteoarthritis: transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling, vascular homeostasis, and inflammation. Results. None of the peptides affected the gene expression of COMP in osteochondral progenitor cells ( P > 0.05). We observed no effects on the vascularization potential of endothelial cells ( P > 0.05). In cultured synovium explants, no differences on the expression of catabolic enzymes or proinflammatory cytokines were found when peptides were added ( P > 0.05).

Discussion and Conclusions

The 3 peptides tested do not regulate TGF-β signaling, angiogenesis and vascular tube formation, or synovial inflammation in vitro and therefore most likely do not play a major role in the disease process.
Sexual self-disclosure, internalized homophobia and depression symptoms among sexual minority women in Vietnam
Authors: Duc Tran Thi Minh , Oanh Ha Kieu , Thai Bui Thi Hong , Thu Nguyen Thi Anh
Published: September 2020

This study used an online survey of a sample of sexual minority Vietnamese women ( N = 302, Mean = 21.23) who self-identified as lesbian (48.7%), bisexual (42.2%), and other (8.9%). The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship among self-disclosure, internalized homophobia, and symptoms of depression. This topic has never before been studied in Vietnam. Structural equation modeling indicates that a higher level of self-disclosure with friends and coworkers leads to less self-stigmatization and less sexual prejudice. In addition, sexual minority women’s self-disclosure affects all three aspects of depression (negative affect, positive affect, and interpersonal relationships).
Poorer Diet Quality Observed Among US Adults With a Greater Number of Clinical Chronic Disease Risk Factors
Authors: Fanelli Stephanie M. , Jonnalagadda Satya S. , Pisegna Janell L. , Kelly Owen J. , Krok-Schoen Jessica L. , Taylor Christopher A.
Published: September 2020

Background

Obesity and chronic disease risk are significantly related to healthy lifestyle behavior, including dietary intakes. Further, the interrelated etiology of many chronic conditions supports the comorbidity in US adults to manage multiple diagnoses. The purpose of this study was to assess diet quality across varying numbers of existing conditions, including obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension.

Methods

Cross-sectional analysis of data from 17 356 adults aged 45 years and older from the 2005-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were assessed for the presence of overweight or obesity (body mass index >25 kg/m2), hyperglycemia (glycated hemoglobin >5.7%), hypercholesterolemia (>200 mg/dL), and high blood pressure (>120/80 mm Hg). Overall diet quality was assessed using Healthy Eating Index 2015 scores computed from the intakes reported during the 24-hour dietary recall collected in the mobile examination center. The total score (range 0-100) is based on the sum of 13 subscales that represent concordance with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.

Results

Few adults presented with no markers of chronic disease (n = 407), with other presenting 1 indicator (n = 1978), 2 indicators (n = 4614), 3 indicators (n = 6319), and all 4 indicators (4038). While there was no significant difference in mean energy intakes on the day of intake, those with all 4 markers of chronic disease had a significantly poorer diet quality ( P < .001) and consumed significantly more saturated fat ( P = .026), but significantly less total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and added sugars ( P < .005). While mean consumption of protein was lowest in those with more chronic conditions, the differences were not significant.

Conclusion

Overall dietary intakes from the day of intake indicated that those with a greater number of chronic conditions presented with poorer overall dietary intakes. The foundational intervention strategy across all evidence-based treatment strategies is the promotion of healthy lifestyle behaviors.
Sleep and Safety Decision-Making Among Truck Drivers
Authors: Heaton Karen , Mumbower Rachael , Childs Gwen
Published: September 2020

Background:

Restorative sleep is essential for the level of cognitive performance required of truckers to drive safely. The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to describe and explore sleep-related and safety decision-making among truck drivers.

Methods:

Flyers and snowball sampling were used to recruit truck drivers into the study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to determine personal and professional influences on sleep and safety decision-making and preferences for receiving health information. Thematic analysis was conducted to generate descriptions of participants’ experiences.

Findings:

The sample consisted of 10 White males with a mean of 22 years of truck-driving experience. Weather conditions and drowsiness were the most commonly described conditions that required sleep decision-making by the participants. Four themes impacting sleep- and safety-related decision-making emerged including sentinel events, evolving driver characteristics, relationships, and company-level factors.

Conclusion/Application to Practice:

Findings from this study suggest that there are both internal and external factors influencing sleep and safety decision-making among truck drivers. Personal relationships with important others, such as family members, and professional relationships with company dispatchers were important influences among participants. During encounters with truck drivers, occupational health nurses should assess sleep quality and quantity and review healthy sleep hygiene strategies with them and their family members, if they are available. Future larger studies are necessary to inform the development of interventions and company policies to promote healthy sleep among truck drivers.
Anterior Pelvic Plane: A Potentially Useful Pelvic Anatomical Reference Plane in Assessing the Patients’ Ideal Pelvic Parameters Without the Influence of Spinal Sagittal Deformity
Authors: Liu Chao , Hu Fanqi , Li Zhizhong , Wang Yan , Zhang Xuesong
Published: September 2020

Study Design:

Observational study.

Objective:

This study was aimed at investigating the reliability of anterior pelvic plane (APP) as an anatomical reference plane for assessing the patients’ pelvic incidence in patients with ankylosing spondylitis kyphosis deformity.

Methods:

The globe kyphosis (GK), lumber lordosis (LL), thoracolumbar kyphosis (TLK), thoracic kyphosis (TK), anatomical cervical 7 sacrum angle (aC7SA), and cervical 7 sacrum angle (C7SA) were measured on full-length spine radiography imagines. The pelvic incidence (PI), anatomical pelvic tilt (aPT), and anatomical sacral slope (aSS) were measured on the pelvic synthesized 2D lateral radiography imagines. Because the angle between APP and vertical line was about 4°, Angle1 and tPT were calculated using the following formulas: Angle1 = aC7SA − 4; PT = aPT + 4. According to the study conducted by Vialle, traditional PT (tPT) was calculated using the following widely accepted formula: tPT = PI * 0.37 − 7. Measured PT (mPT) was also measured on the full-length spine radiography imagines.

Results:

The data analysis showed that PI, mPT, aSS, aPT, and APPA were 50.83 ± 13.44°, 32.52 ± 4.64°, 41.36 ± 9.46°, 8.56 ± 6.80°, and 23.95 ± 5.17°, respectively. There was no significant difference between the PT and tPT (12.56 ± 6.80, 11.49 ± 4.73; P = .152). So, the results demonstrated that the PT could play the equivalent effect as tPT did for making surgical plans in patients with kyphosis deformity.

Conclusion:

The pelvic anatomical reference plane had potential to be used in assessing the patients’ ideal pelvic incident without the influence of spinal sagittal deformity. The aPT+4 may represent patients’ postoperative ideal PT.
Midterm results of revision total hip arthroplasty for migrated bipolar hemiarthroplasty in patients with hip osteoarthritis using cementless cup with the rim-fit technique
Authors: Tanaka Takeyuki , Kaneko Taizo , Hidaka Ryo , Hashikura Kazuaki , Ishikura Hisatoshi , Moro Toru , Tanaka Sakae
Published: September 2020

Purpose:

The results of reamed bipolar hemiarthroplasty (BHA) in patients with hip osteoarthritis (OA) are reported to be unfavorable. Acetabular reaming for sufficient bony coverage caused bipolar head migration into the superomedial direction, and most patients required revision surgeries. Several methods are applicable to treat decreased bone stock. This study aimed to investigate the midterm results of revision surgeries using the cementless cup with the rim-fit technique.

Methods:

Between 1996 and 2014, acetabular revision surgeries using the cementless cup with the rim-fit technique were performed in 86 hips (74 patients). We evaluated radiographic outcomes, including positional change of the rotation center of the artificial femoral head, presence of implant loosening, and filling of the initial gap. We also evaluated clinical outcomes, including the Harris hip score (HHS), and postoperative complications.

Results:

The average positional changes from BHA to prerevision surgeries were 8.0 mm superiorly and 4.1 mm medially. The average changes from prerevision to postrevision surgeries were 3.7 mm inferiorly and 2.4 mm laterally. No implant loosening was found in all cases; the initial gap between the acetabular host bone and the acetabular cup was filled in 53 (93%) among 57 hips. The average HHS improved from 65.9 before revision surgeries to 83.8 in the latest follow-up. Dislocation and postoperative periprosthetic fracture occurred in two and five hips, respectively; no cases required rerevision surgeries.

Conclusion:

There were favorable midterm results of the revision total hip arthroplasty for migrated BHA in patients with hip OA using cementless cup with the rim-fit technique.
Development of a patient-oriented outcome measure for patients with hand and elbow disorder: HandQ
Authors: Uehara Kosuke , Miura Toshiki , Takashi Ohe , Doi Tokuhide , Tanaka Sakae , Morizaki Yutaka
Published: September 2020

Purpose:

The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) is the most widely used patient-oriented outcome measure for the upper extremities in the world, and high reliability and validity of it has already been confirmed. However, there are several problems with using the DASH, some of which are culturally related. We aimed to (1) develop a patient-oriented disease-specific outcome measure for patients with disorders of the hand and elbow, which we call the HandQ and (2) examine the practical applicability, reliability, and validity of the HandQ for any patient with disorders of the hand and elbow.

Methods:

A total of 216 patients were surveyed with the HandQ, as well as the Hand20 and the DASH to assess psychometric characteristics.

Results:

There were no considerable floor and ceiling effects regarding the total HandQ score. Test–retest reliability and internal consistency determined using the intraclass correlation coefficient (0.942) and Cronbach’s α test (0.961) were excellent. The HandQ was well correlated with the Hand20 and the DASH scores. Scree plot showed unidimensionality of the HandQ, and the graphical model showed the questionnaire items of the HandQ had reasonable correlation among each item.

Conclusions:

The HandQ has a sufficient reliability and internal consistency, and an excellent validity, and was shown to be able to be practically applicable in all patients with hand and elbow disorders.
Objective visualization of the effect of different knee flexion angles on medial-lateral displacement of the knee center in frontal plane during single-Leg Squat
Authors: Cotic Matthias , Ksoll Korbinian , Beitzel Knut , Seiberl Wolfgang , Imhoff Andreas B. , Schwirtz Ansgar , Kreuzpointner Florian , Achtnich Andrea
Published: September 2020

Introduction:

The subjective single-leg squat (SLS) test can be used as a functional diagnostic agent to prevent knee injuries. [1] However, there are missing objective data about its functional rating, performance, squat depth and medio-lateral knee displacement in the frontal plane. [2] There-fore, the purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the medio-lateral knee displacement in the frontal plane with a 3D motion capture system at different knee flexion angles during the SLS in healthy patients.

Hypotheses:

The hypothesis was that according to different knee flexion angles, there is a variability of medial knee displacement (= valgus positions) in healthy patients.

Methods:

17 healthy and sporty subjects (9 ♀/ 8 ♂, age 25±4 years, BMI 24±2 kg/m2) participated in this study. Exclusion criteria were balance disorders, hip knee and/ or ankle complaints, sur-gery history, high deviation in lower extremity axis (i.e. Genu varum/ Genu valgus). Knee dis-placement was measured by 3D motion analysis system (Vicon Motion Systems, Oxford, UK) using a modified method of Krosshaug et al. [3] Thus, knee displacement was defined as distance between knee joint center and reference plane including the calculated hip and ankle joint center and the fixed toe marker on the second metatarsal head. A positive knee dis-placement was associated with a knee valgus, a knee varus was described as negative knee displacement. Every participant did 12 single-leg squats on each side.

Results:

The following knee flexion angles of all SLSs were captured (°, mean and standard deviation (±)): start position at 11 ± 6; downward phase at 40 ± 0 and 60 ± 0; maximum at 86 ± 16; up-ward phase at 60 ± 0 and 40 ± 0; end position at 8 ± 6. The medio-lateral knee displacement of all SLSs showed at the mentioned knee flexion an-gles the following values respectively (mm, median, interquartile range (25th - 75th quartile)): -12 (-19 to -5); 0 (-9 to 7); 13 (-2 to 28); 38 (8 to 61); 17 (0 to 36); 4 (-6 to 16); -15 (-22 to -7).

Conclusion:

According to different knee flexion angles, there is a variability of medio-lateral knee dis-placements in healthy patients. This variability should be included in the functional rating of a SLS as well as in the interpretation of different knee pathologies. Moreover, it provides an objective basis in the prediction of knee injuries.