bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
التضاد في القرآن الكريم عند علي الخولى
Authors: Fransisca Malia
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Al-Qur’an is kalamullah revealed to the Prophet Muhammad SAW through the angel Jibril using Arabic. Al-Qur’an is a guide to the life of Muslims. Therefore, all Muslims must learn the Qur’an from how to read it to understanding is content. The knowledge used to learn how to read al-Qur’an is Tajwid. To find out the meaning of the contents of al-Qur’an must master the vocabulary in Arabic or better knows as mufrodat. No less important, to understand this holy book, we need to know the rules of Arabic science such as Nahwu, Shorf and Dilalah. Dilalah Knowledge becomes important to learn because to find out the meaning of the contents of al-Qur’an. One discussion of Dilalah Science. Therefore, in this article we will expain how the antonym in Surah al-Mulk/ Tabarak uses the theory of Ali al-Khuli. According to Ali al-Khuli there are 9 types of antonym, namely: Binary Antonym, Reserve Antonym, Gradual Antonym, Vertical Antonym, Extensional Antonym, Partial Antonym, Cyclic Antonym, Rank Antonym, and Affinity Antonym. But in Surah al-Mulk there are only 3 types of antonyms based on the division of Ali al-Khuli, namely: Binary Antonym, Partial Antonym and Affinity Antonym.

Keywords : Antonym, Al-Qur’an
تقويم الكتب المدرسية " تعليم اللغة العربية " تأليف د. هدايات في المستوى الثانوي عند ماكدونو وشاوو (McDonough and Shaw)
Authors: Prima S Alvia Putri , Habib Moh. Tohiri
Published: April 2020

الملخص

يهدف هذا البحث لتقويم  أسس المدخل الإتصالي في كتاب تعليم اللغة العربية لدايات هدايات سنة 2008 و2012 في المرحلة الثانوية بإندونيسيا باستخدام التقويم على التقويم الداخلي والخارجي عند ماكدونو وشاووMcDonough and Shaw. التقويم الداخلي يراجع إلى مؤلف الكتاب في المقدمة وإخراج غلاف الكتاب، أما التقويم الخارجي يكتشف من النواحي اللغوية وملامح المدخل الإتصلي. ونتائج البحث تدل على أن هذا الكتاب يركز إلى مهارة القراءة والتراكيب النحوية أكثر من المهارات الأخرى، ويحتوي فيها على ثلاث كفايات في المدخل الإتصالي ولكن مع عدم أصالة المواد الدراسية العربية الأصلية.   

الكلمات المفتاحية: تعليم المدخل الإتصالي، تقويم الكتاب المدرسي، التقويم الداخلي والخارجي
دراسة تصميم مواد تعليم اللغة العربية على أساس موقع إندونيسيا اليوم.كوم (indonesiaalyoum.com) لترقية مهارة القراءة
Authors: Maryam Shovi
Published: April 2020

الملخص

كثير من وجود كتب تعليم اللغة العربية لغير الناطقين بها لم يمس جانبا لثقافة طلاب إندونيسيا. مثلا، في كتاب العربية المعاصرة التي استخدمها طلاب جامعة سونان أمبيل الإسلامية الحكومية في برنامج تعليم اللغة العربية المكثف، فإن نصوص القراءة لا تتكلم عن الأحداث وثقافة الطلاب الإندونيسيين ولو كان قليلا ولا يعرفون ما هي الأسلوب أو التعبير المناسب حول المواقع الحديثة في إندونيسيا في حين أن الكتاب الجيد للغة العربية هو الذي يستوعب فيه نصوص التي لها ثقافة اللغة العربية وثقافة الطلاب وتقدمهما على التوازن والاندماج. فإذا به، لترقية مهارة القراءة لدى الطلاب مع المصطلحات الحديثة التي تناسب مع الأخبار والأحداث في إندونيسيا، يتطلب من وجود مواد التعليم في مهارة القراءة التي تناقش عن الحياة والأحداث حول الطلاب حتى تسهلهم في قراءة الأخبار وفهمها بالإضافة إلى أنهم سيجدون المصطلحات الجديدة والمهمة التي يستفيدونها من المقروء. يهدف هذا البحث إلى وصف تطوير مواد تعليم اللغة العربية على أساس موقع إندونيسيا اليوم.كوم لترقية مهارة القراءة لدى طلاب برنامج تعليم اللغة العربية المكثف بجامعة سونان أمبيل الإسلامية الحكومية. ومنهج التطوير المستخدم هو نموذج التطوير لبورغ و غال بالتصرف، حتى جرى على ثلاثة إجراءات وهي (1) تحليل الحوائج و جمع البيانات، و (2) تخطيط المنهج، و (3) تصميم المواد. ويرجى من نتيجة هذه المقالة هي وجود تخطيط المواد التعليمية باللغة العربية مع منهجها وتصميمها أساسا على موقع إندونيسيا اليوم.كوم  (indonesiaalyoum.com)

الكلمات الأساسية: تصميم مواد التعليم، اللغة العربية، مهارة القراءة، إندونيسيا اليوم.كوم (indonesiaalyoum.com).
منهج تعليم اللغة العربية في الجامعة الإسلامية في ضوء الفلسفة
Authors: Anggara Syamfa Agny
Published: April 2020

مستخلص البحث

الفلسفة هي نظرية عامة للتعليم وأساس كل التفكير في التعليم ، بحيث يمكن رؤية فلسفه المنهج العربي في مجموعه متنوعة من المنظور، بما في ذلك الدينية والاجتماعية والثقافية، والنفسية، والتكنولوجيين. منهج تعليم اللغة العربية هو الأسس المهمة في تخطيط عملية التعليم. الغرض بهذا البحث لتكشيف المنهج المستخدم في تعليم اللغة العربية في ضوء الفلسفة. قدم الباحث هذا البحث إلى المدخل النوعي بدراسة المكتبة.  نتائج هذا البحث يدل أن المناهج الدراسية هي مجموعة من الخطط أو الترتيبات المتعلقة بالمحتوي والمواد والطريقة المستخدمة كمبدا توجيهي يستخدم في تنفيذ أنشطه التدريس والتعلم في المدارس. فهم المنهج الدراسي بالمعني الواسع، المنهج الدراسي هو مجموعه من الخطط والترتيبات المتعلقة بالغرض والمحتوي والمواد والطريقة المستخدمة كمبادئ توجيهيه لتنظيم أنشطه التعلم لتحقيق الأهداف التعليمية. يتضمن المنهج الجامعي المكونات التالية: (1) الجامعة  التي تعكس تطور الرؤية والرسالة والتقاليد التي تدعمها وتطورها الجامعة، والتي تربط المكون الجامعي بأكمله؛ (2) الكلية التي تعكس المجال العلمي الذي طورته الكلية؛ و (3) التخصصات التي تعكس مواصفات بعض المجالات العلمية التي وضعتها هيئه التدريس؛ و (4) المؤيدين التي تشمل مجموعه متنوعة من الدراسات العلمية التي تدعم تطوير أو تحقيق الأهداف التعليمية.

الكلمات الرئيسية: منهج التعليم، تعليم اللغة العربية في الجامعة الإسلامية، الفلسفة
KOMPETENSI AWAL PESERTA DALAM MATA DIKLAT TEKNIK PRESENTASI BERBASIS MULTIMEDIA
Authors: Sumartati Losarini
Published: April 2020

This study aims to determine the initial competency description of the functional training participants of the young teacher class XIII 2018. The research method used is descriptive method with a research instrument in the form of a closed questionnaire given to all training participants totaling 30 people, taking place on 9 October 2018. The distribution of questionnaires was conducted at the beginning of learning because it aims to find out the initial competency of the training participants before learning begins. The questions asked in this closed questionnaire are questions that must be answered by the training participants with answers "YES" or "NO". This closed questionnaire was distributed to the class group of training participants using Google form. From 30 training participants who sent back the questionnaire to 25 people, this number was the basis for subsequent data processing. The data obtained are processed simply in the form of a percentage for each aspect of the question. The results showed that the initial competency of the 2018 Young Teachers Functional Training participants for the ten aspects for the ten aspects had the lowest average "YES" for the aspect of navigation in PowerPoint (27.00%), which was more detailed for question number 40 namely about skills in using menus and navigation (76%), following the next two that have not been mastered namely the skills to use hyperlinks (72%) and presentations with slide masters (72%). Whereas for the aspect that has the highest average percentage of "YES" is knowing PowerPoint (85.32%), the next downturn is working with text in PowerPoint {more in detail to question number 13 about writing text in the text box (84%)}, and techniques for preparing presentations {in more detail to question number 12 about reducing existing slides (80%)}. The data obtained can be used as material to organize strategies in learning. Key Words: Pre Competences, Training, Multimedia
PENGELOLAAN PENILAIAN HASIL BELAJAR MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS MTs PADA ASPEK PENGETAHUAN
Authors: Nurhayati Siti
Published: April 2020

The purpose of writing this article  to describe how to process the results of the assessment of the aspects of knowledge made by MTs English teachers, both in assessing the learning process and student learning outcomes. Assessments made by teachers in determining the student's final grade, consisting of the Daily Test Score , the Mid-Term Test Score  and the End-Year Test Score . This assessment is carried out to measure students' abilities in the form of factual, conceptual, procedural, and metacognitive knowledge, as well as low to high level thinking skills. The competency measured in this activity is related to the achievement of Basic Competence (KD) on KI-3 conducted by MTs English subject teachers. The assessment technique used is in accordance with the characteristics of each. These include written tests, oral tests, and assignments. The method used in writing this article is descriptive analytic, to describe the ability of English MTs teachers, in making decisions using information obtained through measurement of student learning outcomes. As for the results of this writing, teachers are expected to be able to process the results of the assessment of knowledge used for the benefit of learning. For this reason, teachers must be able to process the results of the assessment of knowledge for various purposes, including to determine the success of learning, to do remedial or for enrichment. Key words: Evaluation; Knowledge; test.
EVALUASI TERHADAP WIDYAISWARA PADA DIKLAT TEKNIS SUBSTANTIF PENYUSUNAN BAHAN AJAR
Authors: Fauzan Mohamad
Published: April 2020

Widyaiswara plays an important role and determines the effectiveness of the implementation of education and training programs, so this study aims to determine the assessment of training participants on the performance of Widyaiswara in implementing learning management competencies and the constraints found during the education process in the substantive technical training in the preparation of teaching materials for Ibtidaiyah madrasah teachers. In the Ministry of Religion of the Banjar City in 2018. Researchers used a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques in this study were observation sheets, researchers' notes during the learning process and unstructured interviews. Researchers used integrative qualitative data analysis techniques between interactive models and propositions through three stages of analysis, namely data reduction, display, and conclussion/verification and carried out with a basing strategy on theoretical propositions or concept propositions of academic evaluation and widyaiswara competence in the learning process of education and training. This proposition is then used as a theoretical orientation that guides the analysis of this study. The results showed that the training participants' evaluation of the widyaiswara aspects of management of educational material = 85.6, the interaction of widyaiswara with the training participants = 85.1 was GOOD, the organization of learning = 86.7, classroom management = 89.1 and the utilization of education and training facilities = 86.1 was VERY GOOD. The average acquisition of all evaluation indicators of widyaiswara's competence in learning management has fulfilled the predicate of Very Good with a score of 86.52. The assessment of widyaiswara cannot be separated from the constraints found during the learning process, namely (1) The hours of theory and practice learning are not yet proportional, (2) Products or results of training activities, (3) Limitations of the internet network, (4) Limitations of infrastructure and the location of the training, and (5) The limited time provided in the Follow-up Action activities. Key words: Evaluation, Lecturer, Education and Training
ISLAM INDONESIA: DIALOG DUA KEBUDAYAAN (Studi Perbandingan Antara Budaya Islam dan Kepercayaan Kebatinan Asli Indonesia)
Authors: Saepudin Ahmad
Published: April 2020

The purpose of writing this article is to describe a comparison between Islamic culture and native Indonesian beliefs. Indonesian society is a society that is part of a group inseparable as long as the civilization between culture and Native beliefs, Islam was born through the Prophet Muhammad, who was present as part of culture is certainly difficult to be separated directly from people who already had the concept of original beliefs before. Keywords: Culture; Belief; Esotherm
MEMAHAMI PEMBENTUKAN SIKAP (ATTITUDE) DALAM PENDIDIKAN DAN PELATIHAN
Authors: Dahniar Ati
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study is to explore some of the results of previous studies that show a positive relationship between training and employee competency improvement. The main question of this study is whether attitudes can be built through training? This study was conducted by looking for the meaning and finding important information about the competencies expected from a training activity. By drawing on the existing literature, not only topic under consideration is theorize, but also formulates and discusses the proposition that will help illuminate and discuss some ways for the firms to understand the effect of training on employees performance which include knowledge, skills and attitudes. The results of the study showed that temporary training in relation to improving attitude competencies was not the same with the same concept through an educational process that had a longer duration. So, the KSA conception in relation to training, "A" is not representing attitude, but abilities. Keywords: abilities; attitude; education; knowledge; skills; training
STRATEGI GURU AQIDAH AKHLAK DALAM PENANGGULANGAN POTENSI RADIKALISME DI MAN 1 KOTA SUKABUMI
Authors: Nugraha Mulyawan Safwandy , Rohayani Ai
Published: April 2020

This study aims to determine: (1) the factors that influence the birth of the potential for religious radicalism among Madrasah Aliyah students; (2) Akidah Moral Teacher Strategy in overcoming the potential of religious radicalism through learning in MAN 1 Sukabumi City; (3) Moral Teachers Strategy in overcoming the potential of religious radicalism through habituation and activities outside of learning in MAN 1 Sukabumi City. Data collection through in-depth interviews, observation and documentation study. Key words: Strategy; Teacher; Religious Radicalism; Madrasah Aliyah
Discovering Our Music With Infants
Authors: Trevarthen Colwyn
Published: April 2020

Les descriptions détaillées des parents sur leur vie quotidienne avec leurs bébés durant la première année ont conduit à la théorie de la musicalité communicative des humains, et à la reconnaissance de l’importance de la mélodie dans l’apprentissage culturel. En utilisant les méthodes avancées des ordinateurs graphiques pour étudier l’acoustique musicale, les qualités affectives de la voix et des rythmes dans les patterns narratifs ont été révélées dans les proto-conversations des mères avec leurs enfants durant les 6 premiers mois, dans le parler bébé et dans les chants et les comptines que les mères commencent à partager avec leurs enfants à cette période. On a pu montrer que le bébé, même nouveau-né, discrimine et partage à la fois les émotions évoquées par différentes qualités des sons vocaux et instrumentaux, et leur combinaison dans des séquences narratives de mélodie avec et sans mots. Les bébés apprennent à produire leurs comptines favorites avec leurs parents et leur fratrie, utilisant parfois des rituels ancestraux. Cette capacité à partager et à se souvenir du sens et du format des sons en y ajoutant l’expression du visage et des mains qui les accompagnent donne un support vivant à l’apprentissage de tous les patterns comportementaux culturels, y compris l’usage d’outils pour les repas et pour les jeux, et les premiers mots du langage. Les conventions esthétiques et morales sont acquises avec la conscience des ressentis de vie exprimés dans le chant, et utilisées pour rendre vivantes les pratiques coutumières. La poésie créative de la danse, du chant et de la narration, le « comment » de l’expression, et pas seulement son aspect factuel, sont de plus en plus reconnus comme des éléments importants des thérapies et de l’éducation précoce.
Participation vocale du bébé au chant des parents en milieu naturel
Authors: Gratier Maya , Devouche Emmanuel
Published: April 2020

Les compétences conversationnelles du bébé au cours du premier semestre de vie sont essentiellement étudiées en contexte de parole adressée. La manière dont les bébés participent en situation de chant adressé, la qualité de leurs vocalisations et la manière dont celles-ci se coordonnent à celles de l’adulte restent en revanche à explorer. Le recueil des vocalisations a été effectué quotidiennement de 4 à 20 semaines par les parents de 6 bébés au domicile. L’analyse a porté sur les vocalisations des bébés produites en situation d’interaction, en distinguant le contexte parlé du contexte chanté, et les co-vocalisations des vocalisations distinctes de celles du parent. La durée des vocalisations est similaire en contexte de parole et de chant adressé, et une co-vocalisation dure plus longtemps qu’une vocalisation distincte quel que soit le contexte et à tous les âges. Chez le bébé étudié plus en détail entre 4 et 12 semaines, la fréquence de vocalisation est supérieure en contexte de parole et la proportion de co-vocalisations est plus importante en chant adressé. Après 8 semaines, ces co-vocalisations durant le chant adressé surviennent davantage en fin de strophe. Très tôt, les bébés participent activement aux chants, en vocalisant à des moments musicalement pertinents, créant ainsi avec leurs parents les conditions pour des expériences de partage émotionnel.
Singing in Tune – Being in Tune: Relationship Between Maternal Playful Singing and Interpersonal Synchrony
Authors: Markova Gabriela , Nguyen Trinh , Schätz Christina , de Eccher Martina
Published: April 2020

While interpersonal synchrony is regarded as a defining characteristic of early social exchanges between infants and their caregivers, the mechanisms facilitating synchronous interactions are poorly understood. The goal of the present study was to examine the relationship between maternal playful singing and interpersonal synchrony of the mother-infant dyad. Overall, 56 mothers and their 4-month-old infants were observed during natural interactions that were then micro-coded for maternal and infant social behaviours as well as maternal singing and rhyming in the context of social game routines. Results showed that 38 dyads spontaneously engaged in social game routines. In these dyads, both playful singing and rhyming were positively associated with dyadic gaze synchrony, while only playful singing was also positively correlated with affect synchrony of the dyad. These findings suggest that rhythms, in general, may have important implications for the establishment of interpersonal synchrony in infant-caregiver dyads. However, musical rhythms seem to be particularly emotionally-salient and thus attune both interactional partners to the affective content of their social exchanges.
La surproduction littéraire
Authors: Vilain Philippe
Published: April 2020

Que représente la littérature contemporaine dans l’industrialisation de la culture ? Qu’est-ce qu’un écrivain si tout le monde écrit et si lui-même se désengage de son art ? Et qu’est-ce qu’écrire si l’écriture n’est plus un enjeu poétique ? Cet article interroge la littérature contemporaine à l’heure de la culture de masse. La massification dilue la qualité dans le goût du nombre, produit des « écrivains jetables », remet en cause l’aura de la littérature, favorise les livres dont le sujet intéresse plutôt que le style, et cela même si la massification permet de faire émerger une excellence d’auteurs, de fournir un « ailleurs » au plus grand nombre et de donner à davantage de personnes la possibilité de publier et de s’approprier l’exercice d’écriture.
Identification des dynamiques castrales du Vannetais et du Porhoët : apports et limites d’une approche historique et topographique
Authors: Jeanneret Lucie
Published: April 2020

Les territoires du Vannetais et du Porhoët, anciens comté et vicomté médiévaux, sont jalonnés par des sites castraux (châteaux, manoirs, mottes) qui se développent et se multiplient du xe au xive siècle. L’analyse des sources écrites, inégales selon les secteurs et les périodes, offre un aperçu du maillage castral qui se met alors en place à l’échelle locale. Les données textuelles offrent ainsi des jalons chronologiques importants pour cette étude. Mais ces textes, loin d’être descriptifs et exhaustifs, doivent être confrontés avec les données de l’archéologie, afin de mieux définir le rôle de ces sites dans l’organisation territoriale qui se met en place. Un travail d’inventaire, de relevé topographique et d’analyse externe, a permis de dresser un portrait plus nuancé des diverses occupations seigneuriales du Moyen Âge central sur ce secteur géographique et de démontrer que le développement castral ne poursuit pas une évolution linéaire et uniforme à l’échelle d’un territoire.
Le site de La Motte à Sainte-Suzanne (Mayenne). De la résidence aristocratique à la fortification de siège
Authors: Laffont Pierre-Yves , Jeanneret Lucie
Published: April 2020

La vaste fortification fossoyée de La Motte à Sainte-Suzanne (Mayenne) est considérée, depuis le xixe siècle, par les historiens, qui s’appuient sur des extraits de l’Historia ecclesiastica d’Orderic Vital, comme une construction initiée par Guillaume le Conquérant pour le siège du château de Sainte-Suzanne au début des années 1080. Toutefois, les diverses études conduites entre 2010 et 2015, à la fois dans les sources écrites et dans le cadre d’opérations de fouilles archéologiques, montrent que la réalité est nettement plus complexe. En effet, le site actuellement visible a été précédé au xe siècle par un premier habitat aristocratique. La fortification, quant à elle, semble plutôt avoir été construite dans le courant du xiie siècle. Il s’agit bien d’une construction à vocation purement militaire et à usage temporaire, bâtie à l’évidence par un très puissant maître d’ouvrage dont l’identité reste à établir. Ces résultats posent, à ce stade, la question de la réalité matérielle de la fortification mentionnée par Orderic Vital près de Sainte-Suzanne.
Témoigner et convaincre
Authors: Siron Nicolas
Published: April 2020

Comment reconnaître une information véridique ? Dans un monde bercé par la litanie des fake news, la question est d’une actualité cruciale. Comment croire autrui, sur quels critères accepter ou réfuter les nouvelles transmises, comment être cru ? Ces questions étaient aussi pertinentes dans l’Athènes classique qu’elles le sont aujourd’hui avec les réseaux sociaux. Dans les plaidoiries du ive siècle avant J.-C. conservées grâce à la transmission manuscrite, les plaignants répètent en effet sans cesse à leur auditoire qu’ils « disent vrai ».

Les chercheurs ont cherché depuis longtemps à déterminer si c’était bien le cas, en croisant les événements décrits avec les faits attestés par ailleurs. Ce livre, en interrogeant les mécanismes employés pour rendre vrai un discours, adopte une approche radicalement différente. En situant la fabrique de la vérité du côté de l’énoncé du discours, l’ouvrage déploie pour le lecteur l’éventail des preuves auquel les plaignants avaient recours lors de leur intervention au tribunal, appelé le dispositif de vérité. Au centre de ce dispositif émerge une figure majeure, celle du témoin.

La place faite aux déposants dans l’enceinte judiciaire ne va pas de soi, pas plus que les gestes attendus d’eux au moment de leur témoignage. Les dimensions orales et écrites des dépositions testimoniales sont alors soigneusement articulées. La valorisation de la parole des témoins varie en fonction de leur sexe et de leur statut, qu’ils soient libres ou non. Les individus qui montent à la tribune sont tenus responsables de leur parole selon des principes qui nouent étroitement le droit et la religion, le regard des juges et celui des dieux. Témoigner et convaincre sont des actes qui s’insèrent par conséquent dans un dispositif de vérité contraignant. Les Anciens étaient soucieux, à leur manière, de placer leurs discours sous le signe de la vérité.
Stéréotypes de sexe et effet rebond : quelles répercussions sur les acteurs et actrices du système éducatif confronté·e·s à des choix d’orientation atypiques ?
Authors: Carrein-Lerouge Cindy , Gras Audrey , Pottier Anaïs Le , Montalan Benoît
Published: April 2020

Deux études ont été réalisées afin de saisir la manière dont les acteurs et actrices du système éducatif, sensibilisé·e·s à la nécessité de promouvoir une égalité entre les filles et les garçons, se positionnent face à des choix d’orientation atypiques de sexe. Si ces professionnel·le·s sont en mesure de se soustraire à l’influence des stéréotypes de sexe et de soutenir des choix d’orientation non-traditionnels (Étude 1), la présence d’un effet rebond (Étude 2) interroge la nature de la motivation qui anime les professionnel·le·s dans leur volonté de réduire les inégalités entre les sexes dans le domaine de l’orientation scolaire et professionnelle.
Les représentations professionnelles des étudiant·e·s en soins infirmiers : des représentations genrées
Authors: Maillet-Contoz Jean , Combaz Gilles , Morin-Messabel Christine
Published: April 2020

Les études en soins infirmiers attirent très majoritairement des femmes. L’objectif de la présente recherche est de modéliser les représentations professionnelles que développent les étudiant·e·s en soins infirmiers de leur futur métier, et d’étudier l’impact du genre sur la construction de ces représentations. Une méthode d’évocation par induction hiérarchisée, complétée par un questionnaire de caractérisation, permet de révéler des différences entre les participant·e·s femmes et hommes. Ces différences portent sur la structure des représentations, plus large concernant les hommes. De même, les contenus, comportent des contenus sexo-stéréotypés : les qualités chez les femmes et les finalités des soins infirmiers pour les hommes.
Datagedreven zicht op ondermijning in woonwijken
Authors: Stuurman Jonas , Kolthoff Emile , van den Tillaart Joost , Kokkeler Ben
Published: April 2020

Data-driven outlook of organized crime in neighborhoods. An exploration of the possibilities to develop indicators to gain vision in residential areas

This contribution reports about a research in a medium-sized municipality on the possibilities of giving municipalities an instrument to determine at the earliest possible stage which neighborhoods are at (increased) risk of exposure to organized crime and its consequences. We are searching for indicators to measure that exposure to give direction to preventive measures. Our focus is on the erosion of structures and foundations of society as a result of activities of organized crime, eventually resulting in the infringement of the rule of law. It is therefore not about the phenomenon of organized crime itself, but about its effects on society. This requires clarification and measurability of the concept. In this first exploration, we focus on the following five manifestations of the effect of organized crime: The emergence of a subculture: not recognizing government authority; the emergence of takeover of power in the neighborhood; the emergence of vulnerable groups of citizens; the creation of the image: crime pays off; and the emergence of unfair competition.
Aristotle on the Proper Attitude Toward True Divinity
Authors: Segev Mor ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2020

Aristotle does not explicitly state how it is that one should ideally relate to the true gods of his metaphysics, like the prime mover. He does, however, speak of an unreciprocated relationship of friendship (φιλία) between humans and such gods. I argue that Aristotle’s conception of the magnanimous person sheds light on that relationship. The magnanimous person, who is a philosopher, devalues humanity and devotes her life and efforts to the divine. Thus, contrary to some scholars, Aristotle’s conception of magnanimity resembles quite closely the ideals of humility and even “lowliness of spirit” presented by Aristotelian medieval thinkers such as Moses Maimonides. Aristotle’s endorsement of total devotion to the divine seems to go against the natural tendency of organisms to further their own lives and species. Nevertheless, I argue that this recommendation is consistent with his teleological view of nature.
Thomas Aquinas on Natural Inclinations and the Practical Cognition of Human Goods
Authors: Matchulat Justin ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2020

Thomas Aquinas’s thought on how human natural inclinations relate to the cognition of basic human goods has been and continues to be highly disputed. Pointing out the weaknesses of both old and new natural law interpretations, I offer an interpretation that is highly sensitive to Aquinas’s language in key texts on this issue and in addition draws upon texts where Aquinas explicates the relationship between inclination and selective attention. I argue that the natural inclinations primarily play a directive role in drawing an agent’s attention to naturally apprehend basic human goods. This directive role is both externalist and reliabilist—the agent need not be aware of the inclinations and cognitive features that reliably direct her attention. Following a principle he inherits from Aristotle, I claim that for Aquinas, as human beings are by nature, so do the basic human goods seem to them.
Uniqueness and Logical Disagreement
Authors: Andersen Frederik J. ,   Romanian Academy - Iasi Branch
Published: April 2020

This paper discusses the uniqueness thesis , a core thesis in the epistemology of disagreement. After presenting uniqueness and clarifying relevant terms, a novel counterexample to the thesis will be introduced. This counterexample involves logical disagreement . Several objections to the counterexample are then considered, and it is argued that the best responses to the counterexample all undermine the initial motivation for uniqueness.
The Conflict of Rigidity and Precision in Designation
Authors: Bertini Daniele ,   Romanian Academy - Iasi Branch
Published: April 2020

My paper provides reasons in support of the view that vague identity claims originate from a conflict between rigidity and precision in designation. To put this stricly, let x be the referent of the referential terms P and Q. Then, that the proposition “that any x being both a P and a Q” is vague involves that the semantic intuitions at work in P and Q reveal a conflict between P and Q being simultaneously rigid and precise designators. After having shortly commented on an example of vague identity claim, I make the case for my proposal, by discussing how reference by baptism conflicts with descriptive attitudes towards understanding conceptual contents.
On Some Arguments for Epistemic Value Pluralism
Authors: Perrine Timothy ,   Romanian Academy - Iasi Branch
Published: April 2020

Epistemic Value Monism is the view that there is only one kind of thing of basic, final epistemic value. Perhaps the most plausible version of Epistemic Value Monism is Truth Value Monism, the view that only true beliefs are of basic, final epistemic value. Several authors—notably Jonathan Kvanvig and Michael DePaul—have criticized Truth Value Monism by appealing to the epistemic value of things other than knowledge. Such arguments, if successful, would establish Epistemic Value Pluralism is true and Epistemic Value Monism is false. This paper critically examines those arguments, finding them wanting. However, I develop an argument for Epistemic Value Pluralism that succeeds which turns on general reflection on the nature of value.
Luck, Knowledge, and Epistemic Probability
Authors: Stoutenburg Gregory ,   Romanian Academy - Iasi Branch
Published: April 2020

Epistemic probability theories of luck come in two versions. They are easiest to distinguish by the epistemic property they claim eliminates luck. One view says that the property is knowledge. The other view says that the property is being guaranteed by a subject’s evidence. Asbjørn Steglich-Petersen defends the Knowledge Account (KA). He has recently argued that his view is preferable to my Epistemic Analysis of Luck (EAL), which defines luck in terms of evidential probability. In this paper, I defend EAL against Steglich-Petersen’s arguments, clarify the view, and argue for the explanatory significance of EAL with respect to some core epistemological issues. My overall goal is to show that an epistemic probability account of luck rooted in the concepts of evidence and evidential support remains a viable and fruitful overall account of luck.
To the Mathematical Theory of the Temkin Adsorption Model
Authors: Vigdorowitsch Michael , Tsygankova Liudmila E. , Bernatsky Pavel N.
Published: April 2020

This study expands the mathematical theory of the Temkin adsorption model and demonstrates the way experimental data are to be additionally treated. A functional complement property of the Temkin isotherm has been studied as a particular case of the common theory of asymptotic complement. This property is shown to give rise to various analytical strategies to be employed for processing or interpretation of the experimental results, e.g. to perform mapping of data obtained in experiments onto a conjugated part of the true isotherm, to judge if presupposed energetic heterogeneity type of the surface really takes place, etc. Experimental data for adsorption of carbon monoxide on gold and of sodium oleate on steel with and without a magnetite coating have been extensively analysed.
Current Problems of Modern Organization of Career Guidance for Students with Special Educational Needs at University
Authors: Nurgul Toxanbayeva , Shynar Ungarbayeva , Begalievna Smatova Klara , Nazira Sadykova , Karlygash Sailinova , Beibit Ayazbaeva , Nazirash Zhubanazarova , Hapiza Naubaeva
Published: April 2020

The article deals with the organization of career guidance for individuals with special educational needs in the Republic of Kazakhstan. This paper considers the professional orientation of young people with disabilities based on the theoretical analysis of the current state of career guidance organization. The authors pay special attention to the problem of effective career guidance activities, which largely depend on the comprehensive and consistent nature of these activities and involve all the aspects of the educational process.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Brief Report
Authors: Urso Domenico Lorenzo
Published: April 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (“SARS-CoV-2”, previously provisionally named “2019 novel coronavirus” or “2019-nCoV”) disease (COVID-19) in China, at the end of 2019, resulted in a large global outbreak.Among patients with pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2, fever is the most common symptom, followed by dry cough. Bilateral lung involvement with ground-glass opacities (GGOs) is the most common finding from computed tomography (CT) images of the chest.At present, there are no specific antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 infection for potential therapy of humans. Current treatments are mainly focused on symptomatic and respiratory support in patients with COVID-19. Preventive measures are the current strategy to limit the spread of cases.The present report summarizes the point of the situation about this global emergency.
A Study on Production and Marketing of Rice Cultivation in Vizianagaram District of Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Shrine S. , Babu G. Sunil Kumar , Asha R. , Pavani A.
Published: April 2020

The production and marketing of rice cultivation have been studied in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh during 2018-19. Tools such as costs and returns, marketing margins, input use efficiency, marketing margins and price spread were used for the study. The results have shown that the Benefit-Cost ratiois 1.05. The input use efficiency has shown a negative significance for chemical fertilizers,pesticides and seed rate. The price spread analysis has shown that the producers receive 27% of the consumer price. Marketing margin for the adopted marketing channel was worked out by comparing the prices prevailing at each stage of marketing. Since used prices were related to a particular point of time and as small concurrent margins were also worked out.
Properties and Applications of a Transmuted Power Gompertz Distribution
Authors: Eraikhuemen Innocent Boyle , Chama Adana’a Felix , Asongo Abraham Iorkaa , Yakura Bassa Shiwaye , Bala Abdul Haruna
Published: April 2020

This article introduces and studies a new probability distribution called “Transmuted Power Gompertz distribution”. It looks at the properties of the transmuted power Gompertz distribution. The article also estimates the four parameters of the new model using the method of maximum likelihood estimation. The article further evaluates the goodness-of-fit of the proposed distribution compared to other distributions by means of applications of the model to two real life datasets and the result show that the proposed distribution is more flexible than the fitted existing distributions.
Soil Quality as Affected by Municipal Solid Waste Dumping
Authors: Nta S. A. , Ayotamuno M. J. , Igoni A. H. , Okparanma R. H.
Published: April 2020

This paper presents soil quality as affected by dumped municipal solid waste. Landfill leachate was collected from a hole dug 10 m away from the waste dump site for laboratory analysis. Soil samples were also collected from four trial pits in the dumpsites at the depth of 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 m and at a distance of 10, 20, 30 m and the control 100 m away from the dumping site. The collected soil samples were subjected to physiochemical and geotechnical analysis. This includes particle size distribution, pH, EC, total organic carbon, total organic matter, extractable micronutrients and heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cl and Ni), Attterberg limits, specific gravity and hydraulic conductivity. The physicochemical concentration was then compared with the maximum allowable concentrations of chemical constituents in uncontaminated soil. The Laboratory analysis shows high value of pH (8.51) DO (0.17 mg/l), COD (68mg/l), BOD5 (324 mg/l), Pb (0.31 mg/l) and Cd (0.06 mg/l) in the leachate sample. The physical properties of the soil near the dumpsite indicated that the soil belongs to sandy loam in texture. pH (6.3-8.32), Electrical conductivity (241-2018 s/cm), total organic carbon (0.24-2.16 ) and total organic matter (0.41-3.73%) were higher near the vicinity of the dumpsite and decreased with increase in the depth and distance. Extractable micro nutrient and heavy metal concentration (Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cl and Ni) were also found to be high near the dumpsite and decreased along the soil depth and distance from the dumping site. The variance in the geotechnical properties of soil revealed by the test results was impacted by the dumped municipal solid waste. These effects decrease with increase in depth. These findings will help in facilitating the invention and introduction of site specific technologies.
Prediction of Solanum lycopersicum Target of Rapamycin (SlTOR) Protein
Authors: Li-Na Ding , Rui Wang , Jun Zhang , Hao-Ran Wang , Xiao-Yan Wang , Lan Yu , Na Cui
Published: April 2020

Aims: Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an important protected vegetable in China. Its yield and quality receive much concern, however, its growth is often adversely affected by environmental stress, and so improving stress-resistance of tomato has become an urgent issue to be resolved in facility cultivation. Recent studies find that the TOR(Target of Rapamycin) complex acts as a central coordinator of energy, growth, hormones and stress signals, as well as plays a critical role in regulating transcription, protein synthesis, cell size, cell division, and basal metabolism. To study the mechanism of SlTOR in tomato growth and development as well as in stress responses, we did a series of bioinformatics analysis on SlTOR.

Study Design: In order to explore the mechanism of TOR in regulating tomato resistant to adverse conditions, we systematically analyzed the SlTOR gene with bioinformatics methods, and carried out the determination of its tissue-differential expression, aiming at laying down the basis for further experiment research.

Place and Duration of Study: College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, between March 2018 and April 2019.

Methodology: Bioinformatics analysis was conducted by online programmes. The expression of SlTOR gene in different tissues of tomato was determined by qRT-PCR.

Results: Our results showed that SlTOR was an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase, of which the molecular formula was C12366H19734N3490O3584S104, the relative molecular weight was 277978.19Da and the number of amino acid residues was 2470. Besides, it was predicted to be an acidic and unstable protein. SlTOR protein did not contain the signal peptide or transmembrane region, showing that it might be an intracellular protein. And SlTOR was speculated to be targeted to the chloroplast. Moreover, SlTOR had five domains including HEAT, FAT, PIKKc_TOR, FRB and FATC. The KEGG database displayed the only one SlTOR metabolism pathway related to autophagy. The STRING database found that SlTOR probably interacted with SlSnRK1 and SlPP2C. The experimental results of the expression of SlTOR gene in different tissues suggested that in the mature tomato plant, it was expressed the most highly in the root, followed by in the fruit let and in the mature fruit. Our experimental results were roughly consistent with the predicted results.
Upper Airway Obstruction among the Paediatric Population in the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital: The Place of Tracheostomy in the Management
Authors: Ibekwe M. U. , Ni Paul
Published: April 2020

Background: The paediatric age group has very peculiar anatomic and physiologic airways therefore, obstruction which commonly occurs in this population, can pose serious challenges in this age group.

Aim: To study the pattern and aetiology of acute upper airway obstruction in the paediatric age group in University of Port Harcourt teaching hospital and to determine the place of tracheostomy in the management.

Patients and Methods: It is a descriptive hospital based study of all paediatric patients; aged 0-15 years with upper airway obstruction that presented to the ear, nose and throat department and the children emergency ward of university of Port Harcourt teaching hospital within the period of January 2014 to December 2019. Data on demographics, clinical presentations, causes and management were obtained using a Proforma. The diagnosis of upper airway obstruction is made in a child with any degree of respiratory difficulty with or without associated stridor or stertor arising from lesions above the thoracic inlet. Children with respiratory difficulty other than that from an upper airway obstruction were excluded from the study.

Data obtained were analyzed with the IBM statistical package for social sciences SPSS version 20. Results were presented in simple descriptive forms with tables.

Results: One hundred and sixty paediatric patients with upper air way obstruction with age ranging from 0-15 years were studied. The prevalence of upper airway obstruction was 1.87%. There were more males than females; male to female ratio was 1.2:1. Age group 4-7 years were the most affected, 43.75%. Foreign body aspiration was the commonest cause. Majority of the patients had tracheostomy done, 48.75%. Mortality was n=1(0.625%).

Conclusion: Upper air way obstruction among the paediatric age group is still common with foreign body aspiration as a very important cause in our setting. The very young are the most affected and tracheostomy appears to still be the main option of securing airway in these cases in our environment.
Identification of Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts among Hospitalized Children under-5years in Northeastern Nigeria
Authors: Askira Umoru M. , Isyaka T. M. , Samaila A. B. , Isa Tijjani , Ibrahim M. Muhammad , Hadiza U. T. , Ali Haruna B. , Usman M.
Published: April 2020

Cryptosporidium parvum is among the major pathogens causing diarrheal diseases in children. It is of major public health significance due to its low infectious dose and its oocysts are highly resistant to chlorination, common household disinfectants and survive long periods in the environment. This study was designed to evaluate the occurrence of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in stool of hospitalized children under-5 years. One hundred and fifty (150) stool samples were collected from one hundred and fifty children (Male:Female = 1:1.08, Mean Age±S.D=22.08 months ± 21.02) and were processed using the modified Ziehl-Nelson method for identification of protozoan oocysts. Out of the one hundred and fifty (150) stool samples analyzed, 16 tested positive to oocysts of C. parvum, which gives a parasite prevalence rate of 10.7%. This was observed to be higher among male patients (52.0%) and children between the age 32-41 months (31.3%). Parasite prevalence in relation to age of patients was statistically not significant (X2=0.105, DF=1, P-value = 0.74591, p<0.05). Other intestinal protozoan parasites identified include Entamoeba histolytica (1.33%) and Giardia lamblia (2.60%).
Temporal Appraisal and Molecular Characterization of Escherichia coli from Oyun River, Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Kolawole Olatunji Matthew , Adeyemi Oluwasanmi Anuoluwapo
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Escherichia coli, an indicator of feacal contamination has been proven to be the cause of several disease outbreaks in countries and continents around the world.

Aim: To determine the genotypic variants of Escherichia coli present in Oyun River and provide information regarding the high-risk variants of E. coli in Oyun River.

Study Design: The study cuts across the two seasons of Nigeria’s tropical climate weather, being the peak of the Harmattan season and the onset of the Rainy season. Three sampling sites (Jimba Oja; Unilorin Dam and Oyun in Ilorin, Kwara State) along the River course were examined for three months (February – April).

Methodology: Heterotrophic counts, coli form counts and molecular characterization via PCR   using 16 sRNA primers, of water samples were done using standard microbiological and molecular methods.

Results: Bacteriological results showed monthly mean values of microbial counts, ranged from 23.5 x 106 – 45.17 x 106 cfu/mL and total coli form count ranged from 53 cfu/100 mL to 256 cfu/100 mLs, both of which exceed the WHO standards of 100 cfu/mL for total microbial count and <1 cfu/100 mLs for total coliforms. A total of forty-eight coliforms were isolated, thirty two of which were Escherichia coli. Sequencing and BLAST analysis of eleven of the isolates using NCBI’s online database revealed five different strains. They include: Escherichia coli FAP1 genome (9.1%); Escherichia coli strain ST2747 (54.5%); Escherichia coli strain EADK4 (9.1%); Escherichia coli strain ST540 (18.2%) and Escherichia coli strain NCM3722 (9.1%). Correlation of results with previous studies showed that most of the strains identified were pathogenic. The E. coli strains isolated, coupled with the bacterial load, coliform count and some physicochemical parameters of Oyun River makes it unsafe for public consumption if not treated. Efforts therefore should be made to treat the water before use, while making frantic efforts to prevent further contamination of Oyun River.