bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Threats Assessment of the Endemic Idle Crayfish (Austropotamobius bihariensis Pârvulescu, 2019): Lessons From Long‐Term Monitoring
Authors: Ács Andrei‐Robert , Ion Mihaela C. , Miok Kristian , Laza Antonio V. , Pitic Alina , Robnik‐Šikonja Marko , Pârvulescu Lucian
Published: January 2025

The idle crayfish (Austropotamobius bihariensis Pârvulescu, 2019), endemic to Romania's Apuseni Mountains, urgently requires a specific conservation plan. Due to its recent description, conservation efforts have been limited, highlighting the need for immediate and practical recommendations to ensure its protection. Over 13 years, field observations were conducted to evaluate population trends and identify threats following IUCN standards. Additionally, geospatial assessments and predictive modelling were employed to estimate both the optimal habitat and current population size under three distinct scenarios. The primary threats identified include poor forest management, extreme drought, anthropogenic development and riverbed alterations, all contributing to declines in crayfish abundance. The most severe impacts arise when these pressures converge at a single site, compounded by a chronic, low‐virulence crayfish plague infection (A‐haplogroup). The total population is estimated at 31,150 (± 449.9 SE) individuals, with 1,163,754 m2 of suitable habitat, of which only 37.9% lies within 13 protected areas under the most realistic scenario. Poor water quality was found to significantly reduce the modelled population size. In light of these findings, we propose a series of targeted conservation actions tailored for each protected area and highlight the importance of extending measures beyond their current boundaries. Additionally, we recommend implementing the ‘ark sites’ concept in regions with optimal ecological conditions, stable populations and genetic diversity, to reduce pressures and safeguard the species through effective field management.
Ultra‐Sensitive NO2 Detection at Room Temperature Enabled by ZnO@MoO3 Core‐Shell Nanocomposite
Authors: Song Zihao , Luo Junhao , Ding Shumei , Ding Jiabao , Wang Qi , Zhang Zhongxi , Li Hongpeng , Zhang Chao
Published: January 2025

The sensitive detection of NO2 is crucial for environmental monitoring and improving quality of life. Herein, a ZnO@MoO3 core‐shell nanocomposite was fabricated via a simple stepwise solution self‐assembly and heat‐treatment process. Remarkably, the ZnO@MoO3 sensor exhibited a high response value of 5.4 to 2 ppm NO2 at room temperature. Furthermore, it displayed excellent selectivity against interference gases such as CO2, NH3, methanol, ethylene, and trimethylamine, along with outstanding stability and repeatability under varying humidity conditions. The exceptional sensing performance of the ZnO@MoO3 sensor is attributed to the synergistic effects between ZnO and MoO3, as well as the enhanced electron transfer rate enabled by the heterostructures. This work provides an effective strategy for advancing NO2 sensing capabilities in metal oxide composite sensors.
New Non‐Invasive Method to Monitor and Reverse Faradaic Imbalance in Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Cantera Miguel , Cavusoglu Koray , Lubián Lara , Rubio‐Presa Rubén , Sanz Roberto , Ruiz Virginia , María Cámara Jose , Ventosa Edgar
Published: January 2025

Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries (AORFBs) have received much attention due to the accessibility of their active materials. However, among the key performance indicators that require improvement for AORFBs to become competitive against mature technologies, lifespan is especially critical for stationary energy storage. Faradaic imbalance driven by the occurrence of irreversible electrochemical processes decreases lifespan, so monitoring and correction of this parameter is required to prolong lifespan. This work presents a novel, simple and non‐invasive automatized method to monitor the Faradaic imbalance. This method is based on detecting the variation of the minimum derivative of the cell voltage upon cycling, and it is used as the activation criterion for a rebalancing device. The system is tested using an alkaline flow battery consisting of ferrocyanide and 2,6‐dihydroxyanthraquinone (2,6‐DHAQ), extending the cycle life of the battery to 400 cycles (235 h) without any capacity decay and without Ar‐filled glovebox. This demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed system to monitor the state‐of‐health (SOH) due to Faradaic imbalance and recover the capacity loss.
Involvement of metformin and aging in salivary expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2
Authors: Shikama Yosuke , Otsuka Kunihiro , Shikama Yuka , Furukawa Masae , Ishimaru Naozumi , Matsushita Kenji
Published: January 2025

SARS‐CoV‐2‐related proteins, ACE2 and TMPRSS2, are determinants of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Although these proteins are expressed in oral‐related tissues, their expression patterns and modulatory mechanisms in the salivary glands remain unknown. We herein showed that full‐length ACE2, which has both a fully functional enzyme catalytic site and high‐affinity SARS‐CoV‐2 spike S1‐binding sites, was more highly expressed in salivary glands than in oral mucosal epithelial cells and the lungs. Regarding TMPRSS2, zymogen and the cleaved form were both expressed in the salivary glands, whereas only zymogen was expressed in murine lacrimal glands and the lungs. Metformin, an AMPK activator, increased stimulated saliva secretion and full‐length ACE2 expression and decreased cleaved TMPRSS2 expression in the salivary glands, and exerted the same effects on soluble ACE2 (sACE2) and sTMPRSS2 in saliva. Moreover, metformin decreased the expression of beta‐galactosidase, a senescence marker, and ADAM17, a sheddase of ACE2 to sACE2, in the salivary glands. In aged mice, the expression of ACE2 was decreased in the salivary glands, whereas that of sACE2 was increased in saliva, presumably by the up‐regulated expression of ADAM17. The expression of TMPRSS2 in the salivary glands and sTMPRSS2 in saliva were both increased. Collectively, these results suggest that the protein expression patterns of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the salivary glands differ from those in other oral‐related cells and tissues, and also that metformin and aging affect the salivary expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2, which have the potential as targets for preventing the transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2.
Eco‐Friendly Fabrication of FeS2 QD‐Chitosan Biopolymer Composites: Green Synthetic Approach
Authors: Sharma Aditi , Tharuny S. , Pandey Tejasvi , Pandey Vivek
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we offer a unique green synthetic approach for producing iron sulfide quantum dots (FeS2 QD)‐chitosan composites using gel chemistry. The technique uses the environmental features of chitosan, a biocompatible and biodegradable polysaccharide, and the excellent electrical properties of FeS2 QDs. By sustainable chemistry principles, the synthesis process is carried out under gentle settings, using aqueous solutions and avoiding hazardous solvents and strong chemicals. The resulting FeS2 QD‐chitosan composite has superior structural integrity, homogeneous QD distribution, and improved physicochemical characteristics. Comprehensive characterization techniques, such as X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and photoluminescence spectroscopy, confirm the successful integration of FeS2 QDs into the chitosan matrix while preserving their quantum properties. This work demonstrates the viability of gel chemistry as a green synthetic technique for generating functional nanocomposites, providing a scalable and environmentally responsible option for advanced material development.
Integrating ESG Factors Into Cost‐Efficiency Frontier: Evidence From the European Listed Banks
Authors: Algeri Carmelo , Brighi Paola , Venturelli Valeria
Published: January 2025

This paper provides the first in‐depth analysis of the effects of incorporating environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors into the cost‐efficiency frontier of banks. Drawing on both shareholder and stakeholder theories, the research addresses the increasing regulatory and market pressures for banks to incorporate ESG components into their operational processes. Using data from 42 European listed banks spanning the 2006–2021 period and a stochastic frontier approach (SFA), the study introduces two novel ESG‐related variables in the stochastic frontier function: (i) a variable measuring the contribution of ESG factors to banking output production and (ii) a variable measuring the risks associated with ESG controversies. Additionally, it evaluates the impact of executive remuneration tied to ESG goals on cost efficiency, addressing a critical gap in the literature. The findings reveal that ESG‐related frontier variables significantly influence the banks' cost function. Furthermore, the results show that banks with a stronger commitment to ESG principles achieve higher cost efficiency in the long term, despite short‐term cost increases associated with ESG investments. Moreover, the results highlight that executive compensation linked to ESG targets negatively affects cost efficiency. By filling these gaps, the paper significantly contributes to the literature, offering valuable insights for bank managers tasked with balancing short‐term costs against long‐term efficiency gains through strategic ESG investments.
When Trust and Distrust Come Into Play: How Green Concern, Scepticism and Communication Affect Customers' Behaviour?
Authors: Tetrevova Libena , Kotkova Striteska Michaela , Kuba Ondrej , Prakash Vineeth , Prokop Viktor
Published: January 2025

What happens when already sceptical customers start questioning company communication? Encouraged by the vague answers to this question, our study extends existing knowledge about the effects of customers' environmental concern, scepticism and communication on green purchasing intention (GPI) and green purchasing behaviour (GPB) across environmentally controversial industries—namely, textile and clothing and food industries. Using our own primary data collected in November 2023 and covering 1001 customers in the Czech Republic, where the issue of sustainability is generally on the back burner, we show that customers' increased environmental concern can completely change the relationship between environmental scepticism and GPI, thereby leading to positive effects. What is interesting and new is the finding that trust and distrust can act as significant mediators of the relationships investigated thus far. Moreover, as soon as customers start to examine companies' practices and their credibility in more detail, the previously positive relationship between environmental communication and GPI can become negative.
Gut Microbiome as a Potential Marker of Hematologic Recovery Following Induction Therapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients
Authors: Salvestrini Valentina , Conti Gabriele , D'Amico Federica , Cristiano Gianluca , Candela Marco , Cavo Michele , Turroni Silvia , Curti Antonio
Published: January 2025

Background

The management of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is hindered by treatment‐related toxicities and complications, particularly cytopenia, which remains a leading cause of mortality. Given the pivotal role of the gut microbiota (GM) in hemopoiesis and immune regulation, we investigated its impact on hematologic recovery during AML induction therapy.

Methods

We profiled the GM of 27 newly diagnosed adult AML patients using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and correlated it with key clinical parameters before and after induction therapy.

Results

Our investigation revealed intriguing associations between the GM composition and crucial recovery indicators, including platelet, lymphocyte, and neutrophil counts, and identified early GM signatures predictive of improved hematologic recovery. Remarkably, patients demonstrating superior recovery had higher alpha diversity and enrichment in health‐associated taxa belonging to the genera Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus, Blautia, and Butyricimonas at diagnosis.

Conclusions

Despite certain study limitations, our findings suggest that evaluating GM features could serve as a potential marker for hematologic recovery. This preliminary work opens avenues for personalized risk assessment and interventions, possibly involving GM modulation tools, to optimize recovery in AML patients undergoing induction therapy and potentially enhancing overall outcomes in individuals with hematologic diseases.
Association of Pretreatment Serum Indirect Bilirubin Levels With Prognostic and Therapeutic Value in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Kong Chunfang , Hu Linhui , Zhang Ling , Cheng Hongbo , Lu Qilin , Li Anna , Ke Bo , Cui Wenting , Zhang Huixia , Wu Mei , Zhu Qingqing , Jin Chenghao , Yu Li
Published: January 2025

Background

Bilirubin has anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti‐cancer properties, with an inverse relationship between its levels and cancer risk and prognosis. However, the prognostic value of serum bilirubin in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains uncertain.

Methods

This retrospective study analyzed pretreatment serum total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), and indirect bilirubin (IBIL) in 284 AML patients and 316 healthy controls. The prognostic significance of serum bilirubin levels was determined using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

Pretreatment TBIL and IBIL levels were significantly lower in AML patients compared to controls. TBIL and IBIL levels were significantly higher in the CR/CRh/CRi group than in the non‐CR/CRh/CRi group and increased significantly after chemotherapy. Elevated pretreatment TBIL and IBIL were associated with longer overall survival (OS) (p < 0.05) and progression‐free survival (PFS) (p < 0.05). Pretreatment IBIL was an independent prognostic factor for OS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.28–0.79; p < 0.05) and PFS (HR, 0.53; 95% CI 0.33–0.85; p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Elevated pretreatment IBIL levels are correlated with improved OS and PFS, acting as an independent favorable prognostic indicator for AML.
The Role of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Skin Homeostasis: Implications for Therapeutic Strategies in Skin Disorders
Authors: Yang Jundan , Qiao Pei , Wang Gang , Dang Erle
Published: January 2025

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand‐activated transcription factor, is extensively expressed in diverse human organs and plays a pivotal role in mediating the onset, progression, and severity of numerous diseases. Recent research has explored the substantial impact of AhR on skin homeostasis and related pathologies. As a multi‐layered organ, the skin comprises multiple cell populations that express AhR. In this review, we introduce the role of AhR in various skin cells and its impact on skin barrier function. Furthermore, we explore the involvement of AhR in the development of various skin diseases, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for skin disorders. By targeting AhR, we may open new avenues for the development of novel and efficient skin disease treatments.
Hepatic Rupture in HELLP Syndrome: Report of Two Patients and a Review of Peripartum Surgical Care and Transfusion
Authors: Larson Sarah N. , Killeen Trevor F. , Bowman Laura , Shankar Sruthi , Stock Emily , Welton Lindsay , Harmon James V.
Published: January 2025

Herein, we report the cases of two patients with hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets syndrome who underwent emergent Cesarean sections that were complicated by massive hemorrhage due to undiagnosed hepatic rupture. Intraoperative General Surgery team intervention, early activation of massive transfusion protocol, hemostatic resuscitation, and transfer to ICU resulted in the survival of both patients.
Unveiling the Catalytic Activity of Nickel(II) Complexes of Pentadentate Ligands in Aromatic Oxidations
Authors: Rajeev Anjana , Muthuramalingam Sethuraman , Murugan Visvesvarar Pitchai , Costas Miquel , Vadivelu Prabha , Sankaralingam Muniyandi
Published: January 2025

Selective oxidation of aromatic substrates to phenols is a challenging goal in synthetic chemistry. Herein, we investigate the catalytic activity of nickel(II) complexes of the type [Ni(L)(CH3CN)](X)2 (1–4); (X = ClO4−, BPh4−, L = N4Py, BnTPEN, and BnImDPEN) supported by pentadentate ligands in the hydroxylation of aromatic substrates to corresponding phenols using H2O2. In benzene oxidation, complex 2 showed a phenol yield of 28% and a turnover number of 560 with 99% selectivity. Also, preferential oxidation of aromatic C─H bonds over aliphatic C─H bonds was noted during the oxidation of substituted benzenes. The kinetic isotope effect value (1.01) supported the involvement of nickel‐bound oxygen species in the catalytic cycle rather than hydroxyl radicals. The key source of oxygen in the formed phenol was found to be H2O2 based on the isotope‐labelling experiments using H218O2 and H218O. Although the formation of {[(BnTPEN)Ni(OOH)]+ + NCCH3}+ intermediate was identified upon reacting complex 2 with H2O2, this species did not directly react with benzene to form phenol. Further, DFT studies suggested that the species [(L)NiII(O•)]+ derived from O─O homolysis of nickel(II) hydroperoxo intermediate reacts with benzene to produce phenol and the presence of a nickel‐based oxidant is the reason behind the excellent selectivity.
Tailoring Electrocarboxylation Pathways on Lead Cathodes: Insights into Electrolysis Mode
Authors: Bruggeman D. F. , Zwart M. , Garcia A. C.
Published: January 2025

Electrocarboxylation, the electrochemical addition of CO2 to organic substrates using renewable energy, offers a promising approach for carbon capture and utilization. However, commercial viability remains limited due to poor product selectivity and yields. In this work, we investigate how the electrolysis mode – chronoamperometry (CA) versus chronopotentiometry (CP) – influences the electrocarboxylation mechanisms of phenyl‐activated substrates, Benzaldehyde, Styrene, and Benzylbromide, on Lead electrodes. By employing cyclic voltammetry (CV), in situ FTIR, and bulk electrolysis, we explore how these modes affect product selectivity and reaction efficiency. Our results show that substrate‐activated mechanisms, such as those observed for Benzaldehyde and Benzylbromide, achieve higher selectivity and reduced side‐product formation under CA conditions, while CP leads to increased side reactions. In contrast, Styrene exhibits more complex behavior, with CP favoring di‐carboxylation, while CA enhances mono‐carboxylation. These findings highlight the significant impact of electrolysis mode on controlling electrocarboxylation pathways, providing valuable insights for optimizing selective and efficient synthesis processes.
Construction of Sub‐Nano Channels of Amino Pillar[6]arene Inspired Biomimetic Porous Roots for Specific Remove of Imazamox
Authors: Chen Xingyu , Wang Yue , Luan Hanghang , Xu Weiwei , Li Guang , Qu Haonan , Zhang Haifan , Ma Cuiguang , He Qiang , Bahojb Noruzi Ehsan , Cheng Jing , Lu Zhiyan , Periyasami Govindasami , Zhang Jin , Quan Jiaxin , Zhou Chuan , Li Haibing
Published: January 2025

The root ducts play an important role in the plant's transport of nutrients from the soil. Based on the selective transport characteristics of plant roots, amino pillar[6]arene bionic porous root sub‐nano channel membrane were constructed to remove Imazamox. Imazamox (IM) is an effective imidazolinone herbicide frequently utilized in soybean fields to control a wide range of annual grasses and broad‐leaved weeds. However, it is important to note that while IM is effective in controlling the growth of weeds, its residues can affect the plants that are later planted. Developing a material that can efficiently and selectively remove IM from the environment poses a significant challenge in the realm of agricultural residue removal. A layer‐upon‐layer covalent assembly was formed through the reaction of amino pillar[6]arene with terephthalaldehyde using an aldehyde‐amine Schiff‐base reaction. The cavity of amino pillar[6]arenal is used to realize the host‐guest interaction of IM. This enabled the development of a membrane with high selectivity for the extraction and removal of IM. The removal rate is 4.66–21.91 times higher than that of other pesticide chemicals. The successful development of the highly selective porous root bionic membrane provides a broad prospect for its application and development in agricultural production.
Global and Local Shielding/Deshielding Variation in C60 and C70 Fullerenes Upon Reduction: Evaluation of Aromaticity, 13C‐NMR and Anisotropy Patterns
Authors: Charistos Nickolas D. , Lawrence Samuel R. , Muñoz‐Castro Alvaro
Published: January 2025

Fullerenes are statically pleasant species featuring symmetric cages, which can be modified upon reduction. Here, we theoretically account for the variation of 13C‐NMR patterns in C60 and C70 upon six‐fold reduction and the overall variation of the enabled shielding/deshielding regions induced by π and σ electrons according to different orientations of the external field and the related anisotropy. Our results show a significant modification of the chemical shift given by the main variation of the σ33 (or δ33) shielding component under the principal axis system (PAS) of the chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) at the representative carbon nucleus. For C606− a shielding cone property is enabled from any orientation, accounting for a significant spherical aromatic character. In contrast, in C706−, a shielding cone is reserved only for an axial‐oriented field, with a deshielding cone behavior obtained from the complementary equatorial orientations. The overall anisotropy shows an inner isotropic region for C60 and C606−, with a continuous anisotropic outer contour for the latter. In contrast, C70 and C706− both show larger anisotropies, given the lesser spherical shape in addition to the modified π‐surface. Such information is useful for further rationalizing the implementation of magnetic anisotropic molecular devices into fullerene‐based materials.
Single‐molecule Magnet Properties of Silole‐ and Stannole‐ligated Erbium Cyclo‐octatetraenyl Sandwich Complexes
Authors: De Siddhartha , Mondal Arpan , Chen Yan‐Cong , Tong Ming‐Liang , Layfield Richard A.
Published: January 2025

The synthesis, structures and magnetic properties of an η5‐silole complex and an η5‐stannole complex of erbium are reported. The sandwich complex anions [(η5‐CpSi)Er(η8‐COT)]– and [(η5‐CpSn)Er(η8‐COT)]–, where CpSi is [SiC4‐2,5‐(SiMe3)2‐3,4‐Ph2]2– (1Si), CpSn is [SnC4‐2,5‐(SiMe3)2‐3,4‐Me2]2– (1Sn) and COT=cyclo‐octatetraenyl, were obtained as their [K(2.2.2‐cryptand)]+ salts and found to be isostructural, with remarkably similar bond lengths and angles, differing only in the lengths of the Er–E interactions (E=Si, Sn). The parallels in the molecular structures of 1Si and 1Sn are reflected in their dynamic magnetic properties, which show single‐molecule magnet behaviour in zero applied field, with effective energy barriers of 115±7 and 125±3 cm–1, respectively, along with comparable magnetic relaxation times. Analysis of the two complexes using ab initio calculations reveals differences at a quantitative level, but overall similar electronic structures, with the thermally activated relaxation likely to proceed via the first‐excited Kramers doublet. Comparing 1Si and 1Sn with the previously reported germanium analogue 1Ge reveals that swapping one heavier group 14 element for another in complexes of the type [(η5‐CpE)Er(η8‐COT)]– has a minimal impact on the SMM behaviour.
Abuse potential and analgesic efficacy of intravenous hydromorphone bolus administration among hospitalized patients with cancer pain: A double‐blind, double dummy, randomized crossover trial
Authors: Arthur Joseph A. , Reddy Akhila , Popat Uday , Halm Josiah , Vaughan‐Adams Nicole , Myers Alan , Yang Peiying , De Moraes Aline Rozman , Laureano Raul , Lopez‐Quinones Irma , Urbauer Diana , Hui David , Bruera Eduardo
Published: January 2025

Background

There is much concern that opioids administered as intravenous (iv) bolus for pain relief may inadvertently increase their risk for abuse. However, there is insufficient data to support this. The authors compared the abuse liability potential, analgesic efficacy, and adverse effect profile of fast (iv push) versus slow (iv piggyback) administration of iv hydromorphone among hospitalized patients requiring iv opioids for pain.

Methods

In this double‐blind, double dummy, randomized, 2 × 2 crossover trial, patients with ≥4 cancer‐related pain were randomly assigned to receive either iv hydromorphone 1 mg administered over 2 minutes (fast iv push) or 15 minutes (slow iv piggyback) during the first treatment period. Participants crossed over to receive the alternate treatments during the second period after a 6‐hour washout period.

Results

Eighty‐three eligible patients were allocated to slow–fast (42, 51%) or fast–slow (41, 49%). Both treatments produced low abuse potential scores with no difference between them (mean peak Drug Effect Questionnaire “drug liking” subscale of fast [24.00] vs. slow [24.34], p = .82). A total of 92% and 94% of slow and fast iv hydromorphone recipients, respectively, had similar improvements in pain scores over 120 minutes (odds ratio, 0.67; 95% confidence interval, 0.06–5.82, p = .65). Drowsiness was more frequent with the fast than the slow rate (50% vs. 29% at 15 minutes [p = .03] and 52% vs. 31% at 60 minutes [p = .03]).

Conclusions

Slow iv hydromorphone infusion resulted in similar abuse liability potential and pain improvement but less sedation than fast injection. These findings, taken together, suggest that the slow infusion may be considered as a first‐line modality for iv opioid administration in hospitalized patients requiring intermittent opioids for pain.
Cytologic, histologic, and clinical correlation of minor mutations in pancreatic cysts
Authors: Kwan Melanie C. , Pitman Martha B. , Zhang M. Lisa
Published: January 2025

Background

Major mutations (e.g., KRAS, GNAS, TP53, SMAD4) in pancreatic cyst fluid (PCF) are useful for classifying and risk stratifying certain cyst types, particularly in cases with nondiagnostic cytology. However, the significance of uncommon minor mutations in PCF has yet to be reported.

Methods

In total, 127 PCF specimens (2014–2021) from 121 patients that underwent molecular analysis were identified, and detailed clinicopathologic data were recorded. Molecular testing was performed using a laboratory‐developed next‐generation sequencing panel.

Results

Forty‐five variants other than KRAS, GNAS, RNF43, TP53, CDKN2A, and SMAD4 were detected. Variants that were detected in five or more cases included ARID1A (n = 28), VHL (n = 17), BRAF (n = 12), ATM (n = 8), APC (n = 8), MEN1 (n = 5), serine threonine kinase 11 (STK11; n = 5), PIK3CA (n = 5), and CDH1 (n = 5). Thirty‐eight of 121 patients (31%) had histologic confirmation on follow‐up resection. Twenty‐seven of 28 cysts (96%) with ARID1A mutations had concurrent KRAS/GNAS mutations; 17 (61%) were diagnosed as neoplastic mucinous cysts on cytology, and 10 (36%) were diagnosed as intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) on histology (80% low grade). No patients developed disease recurrence or died of disease. Cysts with STK11 mutations had RAS co‐mutations (KRAS, n = 5; NRAS, n = 1), and four of those five cysts (80%) were mucinous neoplasms with high‐grade atypia on cytology. All three resection specimens were IPMNs with high‐grade dysplasia or invasive carcinoma, and two of those patients died of disease.

Conclusions

In PCFs, ARID1A mutations were consistently associated with IPMNs (predominantly low grade) with no recurrences or deaths from disease. STK11 mutations appeared to be associated with high‐risk mucinous cysts. The detection of minor variants may provide useful preoperative information and add value beyond single‐gene genotyping of major mutations.
A Dynamic Energy‐Efficient Scheduling Method for Periodic Workflows Based on Collaboration of Edge‐Cloud Computing Resources
Authors: Chen Hong , Liu Jianxun , Zhu Zhifeng
Published: January 2025

Edge‐cloud computing offers an efficient method to flexibly allocate various computing resources for periodic workflow applications commonly employed in industrial production, commercial operations, and scientific research. Rationalized allocation of computational resources for scheduling in the edge‐cloud environment is the key to reducing energy consumption of the periodic workflows scheduling process. To this end, this paper proposes an optimization method for dynamic energy‐efficient scheduling of periodic workflows based on the collaboration of edge‐cloud computational resources while satisfying the constraints of workflow deadlines. In our method, periodic workflow scheduling is defined to be performed on a three‐tier integrated scheduling architecture of user terminals, edge computing platform, and cloud computing platform. Task groups are generated based on workflow critical paths, and appropriate edge‐cloud computing resources are selected for workflow tasks using corresponding scheduling policies at each scheduling stage. It reduces energy consumption during task scheduling while satisfying workflow deadline constraints. Comparative experiments in a simulated edge‐cloud environment show that our method reduces energy consumption of the scheduling process by 19.38%, 22.7%, and 37.34% compared to GA, PSO, and cloud computing, respectively. That is, the method effectively reduces the scheduling energy consumption during periodic workflow processing and significantly improves computational resource utilization.
Microwave‐Assisted Rapid Hydrothermal Synthesis of Vanadium‐Based Cathode: Unravelling Charge Storage Mechanisms in Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Sariyer Selin , Keppetipola Nilanka M. , Sel Ozlem , Demir‐Cakan Rezan
Published: January 2025

This contribution uses a rapid microwave‐assisted hydrothermal synthesis method to produce a vanadium‐based K1.92Mn0.54V2O5 ⋅ H2O cathode material (quoted as KMnVOH). The electrochemical performance of KMnVOH is tested in an aqueous electrolyte, which exhibits a remarkable specific capacity of 260 mAh g−1 at 5 C and retains 94 % of its capacity over 2000 cycles. In contrast to the aqueous electrolyte, the KMnVOH electrode tested in the organic electrolyte provides a modest discharge capacity of 60 mAh g−1 at C/10, and the electrogravimetric analysis indicates that the charge storage mechanism is solely due to non‐solvated Zn2+ intercalation. In aqueous electrolyte tests, Zn species insertion, interfacial pH increase, and subsequent formation of Znx(OH)y(CF3SO3)2x‐y ⋅ nH2O (ZHT) are supported by in‐situ EQCM. Ex‐situ XRD measurements also confirm the ZHT formation and its characteristic plate‐like structure is observed by SEM. The ion diffusion coefficient values in aqueous and non‐aqueous electrolytes are very similar according to the GITT analysis, while it is expected to be higher in aqueous electrolytes. These results may further emphasize the complex redox dynamics in the aqueous electrolyte, namely the difficulty of intercalation of bare Zn2+, strong Zn2+ solvation in the bulk electrolyte, solvent or proton intercalation, and ZHT formation.
Boosting Light‐Driven CO2 Conversion Into CO by a Polypyridine Iron(II) Catalyst Using an Organic Sensitizer
Authors: Droghetti Federico , Villa Lucrezia , Sartorel Andrea , Dell'Amico Luca , Ruggi Albert , Natali Mirco
Published: January 2025

Direct photochemical conversion of CO2 into a single carbon‐based product currently represents one of the major issues in the catalysis of the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). In this work, we demonstrate that the combination of an organic photosensitizer with a heptacoordinated iron(II) complex allows to attain a noble‐metal‐free photochemical system capable of efficient and selective conversion of CO2 into CO upon light irradiation in the presence of N,N‐diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) and 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol (TFE) as the electron and proton donor, respectively, with unprecedented performances (ΦCO up to 36 %, TONCO >1000, selectivity >99 %). As shown by transient absorption spectroscopy studies, this can be achieved thanks to the fast rates associated with the electron transfer from the photogenerated reduced dye to the catalyst, which protect the dye from parallel degradation pathways ensuring its stability along the photochemical reaction. These results point out how the profitable merging of molecular species based on cheap and abundant elements can have great potential to target efficient and selective transformations crucial for the conversion of solar energy into fuels.
Diagnosing Broken Rotor Bar Faults in Speed‐Sensorless Squirrel Cage Induction Motors Using Principal Component Analysis and Knowledge Graph
Authors: Bai Xusong , Song Xiangjin , Wang Zhaowei , Zhao Wenxiang , Chen Qian
Published: January 2025

Squirrel cage induction motors (SCIMs) are integral to numerous industrial applications, and the accurate monitoring and diagnosis of rotor bar conditions are paramount for enhancing system productivity and minimizing maintenance expenditures. However, the existing techniques for diagnosing broken rotor bars (BRBs) faults are often constrained by the voltage imbalance conditions and the low slip in practical applications. This paper introduces an innovative approach to BRBs fault diagnosis, using principal component analysis (PCA) and knowledge graph (KG) methodologies. PCA, which is robust to imbalanced conditions, is employed to demodulate the stator current signals and isolate the phase modulation (PM) component. The calculated PM index serves as a fault indicator. Concurrently, the KG framework is introduced to detect the BRB fault and quantify the severity. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed method under different load levels and fault severities.
IoT Integration With CMPA‐PINN for Islanding Detection Through Microgrid Hierarchical Control
Authors: Komala C. R. , Jeyakumar S. , Deepika G. , Swaroopa K. , Rangaree Pankaj , Arif Mohammad , Saikia Bhargabjyoti , BalaSubramanyam P. N. V.
Published: January 2025

Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing are becoming increasingly important in the solution of many industrial problems. Effective management of microgrid (MG) requires a strong and scalable information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure. IoT devices with effective measurement and control capabilities have the potential to be very important in the MG environment. MG was run in both grid‐connected and island mode. This paper proposes to improve the MG hierarchical control with IoT using CMPA‐PINN techniques for islanding detection. The proposed hybrid method is the joint execution of both the Coronavirus Mask Protection Algorithm (CMPA) and physics‐informed neural networks (PINNs). Hence, it is named as CMPA‐PINN approach. The major goal of this proposed method is to reduce the deviation of voltage, frequency, and total harmonic distortion (THD). The proposed CMPA is used to optimize the traffic flow over a communication network, and the PINNs are used to predict the optimized traffic flow. By then, the MATLAB platform has adopted the proposed method, and the current process is used to compute its execution. The proposed technique outperforms all current systems, including maximum power point tracking (MPPT), multi‐agent reinforcement learning (MARL), and deep reinforcement learning (DRL). The proposed approach shows the THD is 2%, which is lower than other existing systems.
Improving Smallholder Maize Production in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa
Authors: Ono‐Raphel Joe G. , du Preez Lisa , Cherry Audie L. , Jacobson Michael G.
Published: January 2025

Maize production contributes to food security and economic stability among smallholder farmers in the KwaZulu‐Natal (KZN) province of South Africa, but it faces major challenges. Obstacles in smallholder maize production include limited water supplies, soil degradation, and biotic stressors such as pests and diseases. This study uses a case study methodology incorporating primary observations, secondary referencing, and literature reviews to examine the intricate relationship between smallholder maize production and agricultural/natural resources. The recommendations offered here focus on improving food security in KZN, including the integration of scientific and indigenous knowledge systems, farmer participation in decision‐making processes, and the provision of educational programs tailored to smallholder farmers. Taken together, these recommendations can help strengthen smallholder participation in maize production in KZN.
Structural Variant Analysis of Complex Karyotype Myelodysplastic Neoplasia Through Optical Genome Mapping
Authors: Valkama Andriana , Vorimo Sandra , Tervasmäki Anna , Räsänen Hannele , Savolainen Eeva‐Riitta , Pylkäs Katri , Mantere Tuomo
Published: January 2025

Myelodysplastic neoplasia with complex karyotype (CK‐MDS) poses significant clinical challenges and is associated with poor survival. Detection of structural variants (SVs) is crucial for diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment decision‐making in MDS. However, the current standard‐of‐care (SOC) cytogenetic testing, relying on karyotyping, often yields ambiguous results in cases with CK. Here, SV detection by novel optical genome mapping (OGM) technique was explored in 15 CK‐MDS cases, which collectively harbored 85 chromosomes with abnormalities reported by SOC. Additionally, OGM was utilized in the discovery of novel SVs. Altogether, OGM detected corresponding > 5 Mbp alterations for 73 out of 85 SOC reported abnormalities, resulting in an 86% concordance rate. OGM provided further specification of these abnormalities, revealing that 64% of the altered chromosomes were affected by multiple SVs or chromoanagenesis. Prominently, only 5% of missing chromosomes reported by SOC were true monosomies. In addition, OGM detected alterations in chromosomes not reported as abnormal by karyotyping in 93% of cases and provided clinically relevant gene‐level information, such as SVs in TP53, MECOM, NUP98, IKZF1, and ETV6. Analysis of novel SVs revealed two previously unreported gene‐fusions (SCFD1::ZNF592 and VPS8::LRBA), both confirmed by transcriptome sequencing. Furthermore, the repositioning of CCDC26 (8q24.21) was identified as a potential cause of inappropriate gene activation in two cases, affecting MECOM and SOX7, respectively. This study shows that OGM can significantly enhance the diagnostic analysis of SVs in CK‐MDS and highlights the utility of OGM identifying novel SVs in complex cancer genomes.
Nickel Aluminum Spinel Derived Ni‐F‐Al Active Site for the Catalytic Dehydrofluorination of Potent Greenhouse Gas 1,1,1,2‐Tetrafluoroethane
Authors: Liu Fangcao , Liu Bing , Sun Yiwei , Liu Jinru , Bi Yubao , Zhao Jiaming , Wei Xiaoli , Han Wenfeng
Published: January 2025

HFC‐134a (1,1,1,2‐tetrafluoroethane) is one of the most common refrigerants with global warming potential (100 years) of 1300. It is regulated to be phased out gradually according to the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol. Treatment of this stable chemical poses significant challenge. Highly efficient nickel aluminum spinel catalysts were fabricated by sol–gel method for the catalytic dehydrofluorination of HFC‐134a. The effect of Ni/Al ratio in the NiAl2O4 spinel precursors on the performance of NiAl catalysts was studied by x‐ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), NH3‐TPD, and XPS. Nickel–aluminum ratio in the nickel–aluminum spinel precursor plays a major role on the formation of strong acid and active species Ni‐F‐Al. With Ni/Al ratio of 4, the (3 1 1) crystal face of NiAl2O4 interfaced with the (1 1 1) crystal face of NiO and the (4 0 0) crystal face of NiAl2O4. This interaction facilitates the formation of Ni‐F‐Al active species following the dehydrofluorination reaction. Furthermore, the Ni‐F‐Al species altered the acid structure of NiAl catalysts. It was found that NiAl catalyst with a Ni/Al ratio of 4 has the best catalytic performance compared with other catalysts (with conversion of 35%), and no deactivation trend was observed after 50 h of time on stream. (Reaction conditions: N2/CF3CH2F = 10, T = 450°C, GHSV = 660 h−1).
Shift‐and‐Persist Strategies and Psychological Well‐Being: Where Adolescents Stand on Social Ladder Matters
Authors: Chen Lihua , Lin Weijie , Zhao Shan , Chi Peilian
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Shift‐and‐persist coping strategies have been demonstrated to be beneficial for physical health of individuals in low socioeconomic status (SES); however, their impacts on psychological well‐being remain less clear. This study aimed to examine: (1) whether the protective effects of shift‐and‐persist with respect to psychological well‐being (i.e., depressive symptoms and subjective well‐being) only exist among adolescents with lower (vs. higher) subjective SES, and (2) what drives the potential benefits, shifting strategy or persisting strategy, or both of them?

Methods

This study recruited 686 middle school students (54.5% male; Mage = 12.57 years, SD = 0.65) from Guangdong Province, China, in January 2019, and they completed measures of subjective SES (i.e., perceived family social status), shift‐and‐persist strategies, depressive symptoms, subjective well‐being, and demographic information.

Results

Adolescents who engaged in more shift‐and‐persist strategies reported fewer depressive symptoms and higher levels of subjective well‐being, with stronger effects among those lower (vs. higher) in subjective SES. When further exploring what drove these effects, results showed that persisting strategy was associated with fewer depressive symptoms and higher levels of subjective well‐being, with more pronounced effects for adolescents with lower (vs. higher) subjective SES. The shifting strategy was associated with fewer depressive symptoms only among those with lower subjective SES, while associated with higher levels of subjective well‐being regardless of subjective SES levels.

Conclusions

Findings support the applicability of the shift‐and‐persist model to both positive and negative indicators of psychological well‐being and enrich the theory by providing preliminary evidence for the domain‐specific roles of shifting strategy in buffering the negative psychological effects of low‐SES contexts.
Molecular insights into the unique properties of the blood‐circulating proteasome
Authors: Leushkin Yegor , Morgenstern David , Ben‐Dor Shifra , Haffner‐Krausz Rebecca , Zittlau Katharina , Ben‐Nissan Gili , Sharon Michal
Published: January 2025

Proteasomes are essential for protein degradation and maintaining cellular balance, yet their roles in extracellular fluids are not well understood. Our study investigates the freely circulating proteasome in blood, to uncover its unique molecular characteristics, compared to its intracellular counterparts. Using a transgenic mouse model, mass spectrometry, and biochemical tools, we show that the predominant proteasome in serum is the free uncapped 20S particle, which seems to assemble intracellularly before entering the bloodstream. This serum proteasome is composed of constitutive and immuno subunits and exhibits all three catalytic activities. Moreover, the complex displays distinct post‐translational modifications, indicating specialization for extracellular roles, as demonstrated by its enhanced caspase‐like activity. We also found that physiological stress significantly upregulates serum 20S proteasome levels, paralleling human data. This research highlights the specialized characteristics of circulating proteasomes, offering new insights into protein turnover in the blood with significant implications for understanding proteostasis beyond the intracellular environment.
Temperature‐Dependent Kinetic Study of the Gas Phase Ozonolysis of Linalool, Nerol, and Citronellol
Authors: Alossaily Mohamad Ghaleb , Shamas Mirna , Chakir Abdelkhaleq , Roth Estelle
Published: January 2025

The gas phase reactions of the ozonolysis of three monoterpene alcohols: linalool, nerol, and citronellol, were investigated using a rigid atmospheric simulation chamber coupled to a proton transfer reaction‐mass spectrometer (PTR‐ToF‐MS) to monitor the concentrations of the investigated compounds. Reaction rate constants were determined over the temperature range of 298–353 K at atmospheric pressure. Reaction rate constants (×1016 cm3 molecule−1 s−1) at 298 K are 3.12 ± 0.30 for linalool, 8.89 ± 0.90 for nerol, and 2.11 ± 0.10 for citronellol. The following Arrhenius expressions were established (cm3 molecule−1 s−1):

The obtained rate constants are presented and compared to those found in the literature at room temperature, as well as to homologous alkenes. Based on the obtained rate constants, the tropospheric lifetimes of the studied compounds due to their elimination by ozonolysis were estimated to be about 1 hour.
Hearing Loss and Discrimination: Evidence of Intersectionality in the All of Us Research Program
Authors: Denham Michael W. , Tucker Lauren H. , Golub Justin S.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Hearing loss (HL) has significant implications on social functioning. Here, we study the relationship between HL, race, and these combined categories as risk factors for discrimination in the large national All of Us cohort.

Methods

The National Institutes of Health All of Us dataset was analyzed after including individuals who completed the Everyday Discrimination Survey between November 2021 and January 2022. HL and potential medical confounders were defined per ICD‐10 codes or demographics. Multivariable linear regressions analyzing the relationship between HL and discrimination were adjusted for potential confounders, including age, gender, race, ethnicity, other demographic factors, and relevant medical conditions, such as depression and dementia. Additional regressions were conducted to evaluate how combined HL and race categories associated with discrimination risk.

Results

Totally 8,722 individuals ≥18 years old had complete data. The mean age was 65 years (SD = 13.0 years), and 41% were women. Individuals with HL, compared with those without, were more likely to report discrimination in six out of nine questions on the Everyday Discrimination Survey (p < 0.05, with effect sizes ranging from −0.05 to −0.16 on a 6‐point scale from 0 = “Almost everyday” to 5 = “Never”). Notably, for four out of those six questions, combined Black race and HL was associated with a risk of discrimination independent from the risk conveyed by race and/or HL individually.

Conclusions

This study offers evidence of HL as a risk factor for self‐reported discrimination. Further, this study provides support for an intersectional understanding between discrimination, race, and HL.

Level of Evidence

III, Laryngoscope, 2024 Laryngoscope, 2025