bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contribuições do diálogo entre o realismo crítico e o construcionismo social para os estudos organizacionais
Authors: Borges Alex Fernando , Brito Mozar José de , Brito Valéria da Glória Pereira , Enoque Alessandro Gomes
Published: May 2016

Resumo Neste artigo, tecemos algumas reflexões de natureza ontológica e epistemológica sobre a pesquisa em administração. Mais precisamente, procuramos apresentar os fundamentos de um possível diálogo entre o realismo crítico e o construcionismo social, constituindo um quadro de referência para o desenvolvimento de estudos organizacionais. Para tanto, retomamos, de forma breve e não exaustiva, as principais formulações e elaborações disponíveis sobre cada uma dessas concepções, de modo a situar suas especificidades e respectivos pressupostos ontológicos e epistemológicos centrais. De forma complementar, apontamos algumas contribuições dessa aproximação para os estudos organizacionais, ressaltando seu potencial filosófico para a construção de pesquisas de natureza multirreferencial. Esse diálogo pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de estudos que incorporem os pressupostos ontológicos do realismo crítico e os fundamentos filosóficos da epistemologia construcionista social. Assim, verificamos a existência de pontos de convergência e complementaridade entre essas concepções, que no limite, podem servir de referência para a configuração de uma abordagem caracterizada por uma ontologia realista e por uma epistemologia construcionista que não nega a realidade e a sociedade como sendo, ao mesmo tempo, socialmente construída e real, em uma relação dialética entre agência e estrutura que supera dicotomias ainda presentes na teoria social e nos estudos organizacionais.
Origens e afiliações epistemológicas da Teoria Ator-Rede: implicações para a análise organizacional
Authors: Tonelli Dany Flávio
Published: May 2016

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar algumas origens e influências epistemológicas que moldaram a Teoria Ator-Rede (TAR), visando a contribuir para sua inserção esclarecida no contexto da análise organizacional. Depois da apresentação inicial e de uma reflexão sobre as origens da TAR, são discutidos os seguintes temas: i) crítica da "construção social da realidade"; ii) conceito de "simetria"; iii) conceito de "translação"; e iv) expansão do significado de "atuante". Ao final são exploradas as implicações para a análise organizacional, as quais reforçam a importância dos conceitos básicos para a compreensão da TAR, colaborando para a sedimentação do uso de suas categorias em diversos campos científicos.
Impacto do treinamento sensório-motor com plataforma vibratória no equilíbrio e na mobilidade funcional de um indivíduo idoso com sequela de acidente vascular encefálico: relato de caso
Authors: Bacha Jéssica Maria Ribeiro , Cordeiro Laura Rodrigues , Alvisi Teresa Cristina , Bonfim Thatia Regina
Published: May 2016

RESUMO A incidência de acidente vascular encefálico (AVE) aumenta com o envelhecimento e pode ter como consequência alterações sensitivas e motoras, as quais limitam a capacidade funcional, em função da redução do equilíbrio e da mobilidade. Diferentes recursos vêm sendo utilizados na prática fisioterapêutica para a recuperação do equilíbrio e da mobilidade, como treinamento sensório-motor e treinamento com plataforma vibratória. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito de um protocolo de treinamento sensório-motor com plataforma vibratória no equilíbrio e na mobilidade funcional de um indivíduo idoso com sequela de AVE. Um indivíduo idoso, do gênero feminino, com 72 anos de idade e com sequela de AVE participou deste estudo. A avaliação do equilíbrio foi realizada por meio da Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg (EEB) e a avaliação da mobilidade por meio do teste Timed Up and Go (TUG). As variáveis dependentes para acompanhamento foram: pontuação obtida na EEB e tempo de execução do TUG. Após a avaliação inicial, a idosa realizou um protocolo de treinamento sensório-motor com plataforma vibratória, composto por 10 sessões, de 45 minutos cada. Na avaliação final, os resultados indicaram um aumento da pontuação na EEB (avaliação inicial = 41 pontos e avaliação final = 51 pontos) e uma redução no tempo de execução do TUG (avaliação inicial = 14 segundos e avaliação final = 9 segundos) na idosa com sequela de AVE. Com base nesses resultados, é possível concluir que o treinamento proposto foi efetivo para a melhora do equilíbrio e da mobilidade funcional da idosa com sequela de AVE.
Associação entre recrutamento de músculos abdominais com desfechos clínicos e risco prognóstico em indivíduos com dor lombar crônica não específica: estudo preliminar
Authors: Ferreira Larissa Cavichioli Mendes , Araujo Amanda Costa , Oliveira Crystian Bitencourt Soares de , Jassi Fabrício José , Oliveira Vinicius Cunha , Negrão Filho Rúben de Faria
Published: May 2016

RESUMO Este estudo investigou a associação entre testes clínicos, desfechos clínicos e risco prognóstico de pacientes com dor lombar crônica não específica. Para esta pesquisa, 20 pacientes, maiores de 18 anos, foram selecionados por conveniência e submetidos à avaliação dos desfechos clínicos por meio de Escala numérica de dor e Questionário de incapacidade. Para classificação de risco prognóstico utilizou-se o questionário STarT Back, e para avaliar o recrutamento do músculo transverso do abdome foram utilizados os seguintes testes clínicos: Escala de classificação clínica (ECC); e medida da espessura dos músculos do abdome por meio de imagens ultrassonográficas (MEM-US). Os testes foram realizados em um único dia por avaliador treinado, e a ordem dos testes foi aleatória. Os coeficientes de correlação de Pearson (r) e Spearman (rS) foram utilizados para investigar a associação. Os resultados mostraram que as associações entre o risco prognóstico de dor lombar com os desfechos clínicos, dor e incapacidade foram moderadas (r=0,68 e r=0,57, respectivamente). Para ECC, as associações com incapacidade e risco prognóstico foram consideradas razoáveis (r=-0,34 e r=-0,36, respectivamente). Não houve associações com a MEM-US. Na amostra de baixo risco prognóstico, a relação do ECC com a incapacidade foi considerada moderada para boa, enquanto para dor a correlação foi razoável (rS=-0,62 e rS=-0,24, respectivamente). Concluímos que existe associação entre ECC com desfechos clínicos e risco prognóstico, e a estratificação, segundo o risco prognóstico, aumenta a relação observada. Futuros estudos devem ser conduzidos com novas medidas para avaliação do recrutamento muscular abdominal com amostras maiores.
Classificações de intervenções e resultados de enfermagem em pacientes com feridas: mapeamento cruzado
Authors: Oliveira Fernanda Pessanha de , Oliveira Beatriz Guitton Renaud Baptista de , Santana Rosimere Ferreira , Silva Bruna de Paula , Candido Jessica de Souza Carvalho
Published: May 2016

RESUMO Objetivo Realizar o mapeamento cruzado dos termos referentes às intervenções e aos resultados de enfermagem nos prontuários dos pacientes com feridas em comparação às classificações de intervenções e aos resultados de enfermagem. Método Pesquisa observacional, retrospectiva, realizada através de mapeamento cruzado. A amostra foi de 81 pacientes, atendidos no ambulatório de feridas de um hospital universitário do Rio de Janeiro. Os dados foram coletados em prontuários, entre maio e julho de 2013. As etapas de análise foram: busca por frases descritivas de intervenções e resultados; definição das frequências de aparecimento das frases; agrupamento por sinônimos; comparação dos termos com as taxonomias. Resultados Mapearam-se 13 intervenções, destacando-se “Cuidados com lesões” (47,23%), bem como 6 resultados, e o prioritário foi “Cicatrização de feridas: segunda intenção” (45%). Conclusões O mapeamento cruzado de intervenções e de resultados de enfermagem em pacientes com feridas sugeriu a realização de inclusões nas taxonomias para adequação à assistência ambulatorial.
A liderança em enfermagem e a satisfação dos pacientes em contexto hospitalar
Authors: Nunes Elisabete Maria Garcia Teles , Gaspar Maria Filomena Mendes
Published: May 2016

RESUMO Objetivos conhecer a qualidade de relação de liderança na perspetiva do enfermeiro-líder e do enfermeiro, a satisfação dos pacientes, a relação existente entre a qualidade de relação percebida por ambos e a satisfação dos pacientes. Métodos abordagem quantitativa, transversal e correlacional. Amostra não probabilística por conveniência constituída por 15 enfermeiros-líderes, 342 enfermeiros, 273 pacientes. Dados recolhidos no Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, entre janeiro e março de 2013, através das escalas LMX-7, CLMX-7, SUCEH21. Análise estatística através de SPSS® Statistics 19. Resultados O enfermeiro-líder considera boa a qualidade de relação de liderança; os enfermeiros consideram-na satisfatória; os pacientes consideram-se satisfeitos com os cuidados de enfermagem. Existe correlação estatisticamente significativa entre a qualidade de relação de liderança na perspetiva do enfermeiro-líder e a satisfação dos pacientes. Não existe correlação estatisticamente significativa entre a qualidade de relação de liderança na perspetiva do enfermeiro e a satisfação. Conclusão O enfermeiro-líder tem um papel preponderante na satisfação dos pacientes.
Situações de violência contra travestis e transexuais em um município do nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Silva Glauber Weder dos Santos , Souza Emanoel Fhilipe Leite , Sena Romeika Carla Ferreira de , Moura Izabella Bezerra de Lima , Sobreira Maura Vanessa Silva , Miranda Francisco Arnoldo Nunes de
Published: May 2016

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a partir do perfil sociodemográfico as situações de violência contra travestis e transexuais. Método Pesquisa transversal, descritiva, composta por 16 travestis e transexuais, realizada em Cajazeiras (PB). A coleta de dados ocorreu em abril de 2014 e os mesmos foram analisados de forma descritiva. Resultados A tipologia das violências que vitimaram travestis e transexuais foram: verbal (91,96%), psicológica (58,33%) e física (33,33%), com frequência entre 24 horas e seis meses anteriores à pesquisa. Quanto à espacialidade: a rua, a escola e os serviços de saúde configuraram os cenários das agressões. No que diz respeito ao agente agressor, os achados apontaram para vizinhos, membros da família e profissionais de saúde. Todas as formas indistintamente aconteceram entre os agentes e espaços da agressão. Conclusões Na violência efetuada nesta população, acentuou-se o silenciamento das agressões sofridas e sua invisibilidade no contexto social e institucional reflete a inibição dos direitos humanos e ocultamento da realidade.
Contribuição do brinquedo terapêutico estruturado em um modelo de cuidado de enfermagem para crianças hospitalizadas
Authors: Caleffi Camila Cristina Ferreira , Rocha Patrícia Kuerten , Anders Jane Cristina , Souza Ana Izabel Jatobá de , Burciaga Verônica Berumén , Serapião Leonardo da Silva
Published: May 2016

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar como o Brinquedo Terapêutico estruturado em um Modelo de Cuidado de Enfermagem contribui no cuidado à criança hospitalizada. Método Trata-se de uma Pesquisa Convergente Assistencial (PCA), de abordagem qualitativa. Participaram do estudo sete crianças. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre setembro e outubro de 2014, por meio de entrevista aberta e de observação participante de sessões de BT dramático e/ou instrucional através das etapas “Acolhendo/Brincando/Finalizando” do Modelo de Cuidado de Enfermagem Cuidar Brincando. Os dados foram analisados de acordo com as fases de análise e interpretação da PCA. Resultados Três categorias: Significados atribuídos pela criança à hospitalização e sua influência no cuidado de enfermagem, Percepção quanto aos procedimentos terapêuticos por meio do brinquedo terapêutico e Importância da inserção da família no cuidado. Considerações finais Conclui-se que aplicar o BT estruturado em um Modelo de Cuidado pode contribuir para um cuidado de enfermagem sistematizado e especializado.
Usuários hipertensos na atenção primária à saúde: acesso, vínculo e acolhimento à demanda espontânea
Authors: Girão Ana Lívia Araújo , Freitas Consuelo Helena Aires de
Published: May 2016

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar os impactos da inserção do acolhimento à demanda espontânea no tratamento de usuários hipertensos na atenção primária de saúde. Métodos Pesquisa de avaliação de terceira geração qualitativa, realizada junto a 16 trabalhadores de uma Unidade de Atenção Primária de Saúde (UAPS) da cidade de Fortaleza-CE, no período entre julho e setembro de 2015. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizadas observação sistemática de campo e entrevistas semiestruturadas e, para a análise, adotaram-se as etapas da análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados Os participantes revelaram que o acesso, vínculo e acolhimento são fundamentais para o tratamento da hipertensão, entretanto afirmaram que a introdução do livre acesso à demanda espontânea comprometeu o fluxo de atendimento dos programas de hipertensão. Conclusão Foi evidenciada uma dicotomia entre a prática do acolhimento preconizada pelas políticas de saúde e a existente na realidade da UAPS, acarretando prejuízo ao cuidado do hipertenso na atenção primária.
Prevenção da perda auditiva no contexto escolar frente ao ruído de lazer
Authors: Santana Bruna Antonini , Alvarenga Kátia de Freitas , Cruz Priscila Carvalho , Quadros Isabela Alves de , Jacob-Corteletti Lilian Cássia Bornia
Published: May 2016

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar os hábitos e atitudes de jovens em idade escolar com relação ao uso de estéreos pessoais e avaliar o nível de conhecimento sobre os efeitos nocivos da exposição à música amplificada na audição, antes e após uma palestra educativa. Métodos Participaram 58 estudantes do ensino fundamental e médio, entre 10 e 17 anos de idade. Foi realizada palestra educativa, mediante aula expositiva dialogada, utilizando recursos audiovisuais. Para avaliação foram aplicados dois questionários no formato online, antes e após 15 dias da palestra. Realizou-se, também, análise descritiva. Resultados A maioria dos escolares relatou fazer uso de estéreos pessoais com fone de ouvido, acima da intensidade média do equipamento e por período inferior a três horas diárias. A queixa mais frequente foi o zumbido. Após a palestra educativa, houve diferença no conhecimento sobre o conceito de perda auditiva e de que música em intensidade elevada, em momentos de lazer, pode causar perda auditiva. Também houve diferença na intensidade utilizada para ouvir música com fone de ouvido, que foi reduzida. Conclusão Grande parte dos escolares possuía conhecimento prévio a respeito dos prejuízos da música amplificada, para a audição e, ainda assim, alguns referiram hábitos inadequados. A palestra educativa revelou mudanças significativas em apenas alguns aspectos investigados, evidenciando a necessidade de estruturar ações contínuas na prevenção de perdas auditivas nessa população. A inclusão da escola e da família nas ações educativas e a continuidade dessas ações são fundamentais para mudanças efetivas de hábitos e atitudes das crianças e adolescentes.
Dermatoglyphics and Cheiloscopy as Key Tools in Resolving the Genetic Correlation of Inheritance Patterns in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients: An Assessment of 160 Patients
Authors: Singh Priyankar , Nathani Dipesh B.
Published: May 2016

Objective

The objective of this study was to correlate dermatoglyphics and cheiloscopy with genetic inheritance in cleft lip and cleft palate patients.

Design and Setting

This was a case-control study to look for asymmetry in finger and lip print patterns. All of the participants were divided into two equal groups (40 mothers and 40 fathers in each group). The data were analyzed by three evaluators who were blind to the study to avoid any chances of error.

Patients/Participants

A sample of 160 sporadic participants were identified and evaluated. Group A was composed of 80 healthy parents not affected by cleft lip and cleft palate but had at least one child born with nonsyndromic cleft. Group B consisted of 80 healthy parents not affected by cleft lip and cleft palate and had healthy children without cleft lip and cleft palate.

Main Outcome Measures

Main outcome measures were marked dermatoglyphic asymmetry and specific lip print pattern in the study group.

Results

We found marked asymmetry in various fingerprints and specific type II and type III lip print in the study group when compared with the control group. It was observed that groove count on the lip was significantly more frequent in study group parents.

Conclusion

Our study determined that there is a significant correlation between increased dermatoglyphic asymmetry and specific type II and type III lip print pattern in parents of children born with cleft. This could act as an important screening marker for the prediction of cleft lip and cleft palate inheritance.
Computer-Assisted Virtual Planning for Surgical Guide Manufacturing and Internal Distractor Adaptation in the Management of Midface Hypoplasia in Cleft Patients
Authors: Scolozzi Paolo , Herzog Georges
Published: May 2016

We are reporting the treatment of severe maxillary hypoplasia in two patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate by using a specific approach combining the Le Fort I distraction osteogenesis technique coupled with computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing customized surgical guides and internal distractors based on virtual computational planning. This technology allows for the transfer of the virtual planned reconstruction to the operating room by using custom patient-specific implants, surgical splints, surgical cutting guides, and surgical guides to plate or distractor adaptation.
Book review
Authors: Farnell P. , Hope I.
Published: May 2016

ICOLD Bulletin 138: General Approach to Dam Surveillance: Basic Elements in a ‘Dam Safety’ Process
Superwettability integration: concepts, design and applications
Authors: Cao Moyuan , Jiang Lei
Published: May 2016

Functional surfaces exhibiting superwettability offer great opportunities to develop advanced science and technology. To unite the advantages of different surfaces with special wettability, superwettability integration has been proposed and fabricated, showing a co-operative and complementary effect on material properties. This paper discusses how to combine different wettabilities and what functions can be achieved based on superwettability integration. Superwettability integration is defined as a unified system combining different superwetting materials or assembling superwetting materials with other functional materials. Four types of superwettability integrations are summarized: (a) surfaces with microscopic wettability patterns, (b) surfaces with macroscopic wettability patterns, (c) Janus interface materials with asymmetric wettability and (d) surfaces with specific wettability boundary. The functions and applications of the integrated systems are reviewed, particularly for use in fluid control, vapor condensation, fog collection and so on. The principle of designing the integration is also depicted as manipulating the significant difference in surface energy between two surfaces. On the basis of current research, some of the possible designs are finally proposed and a prospect of multifunctional superwettability integration is made.
AIM Mobile Traffic Acquisition: Instrument toolbox for detection and assessment of traffic behavior
Authors: Knake-Langhorst Sascha , Gimm Kay
Published: May 2016

The Mobile Services as part of Test field AIM (Application Platform for Intelligent Mobility) are field instruments for detection and assessment of traffic behavior based on a mobile and flexible architecture approach. They serve as a tool box for the purpose of analyzing natural traffic behavior and phenomena, e.g. safety related phenomena, based on trajectories. Thus, the facility can be used for a number of applications in the field of intelligent mobility.
Assessment of quality of life of adolescents with endocrine diseases
Authors: Akhmedova Ruslana M , Sofronova Ludmila V , Vladimirova Ksenia N
Published: May 2016

Appreciation of life′s quality supplements complex medical investigation and make it possible to value child′s state of health and develop rational approach for therapy and rehabilitation. The life quality of 127 patients with obesity and 67 patients with diabetes of the 1st type were investigated. 120 teenagers of the same age and sex who were practically healthy compile the group of control. Questionnaire in life′s quality for children from 13 to 18 years old was used Ped′s QL 4.0 Pediatric Quality of life Questionnaire. It was established that teenagers with diabetes have all the indicators of life′s quality more lower than their contemporaries, specially in physical and social functioning. Children with diabetes of the 1st type, who are on insulin pump therapy have the life′s quality more higher than children receives insulin with the help of autoinjector. The indicators of life′s quality is registered at children who are ill the first year or more than five years. During the investigation of teenagers life′s quality with obesity was get registered that total indices of their life′s quality are significantly lower than at their mates from control group. More significant differences are discovered by indicator panel “Social functioning”. The indices of physical functioning of teenagers with obesity are significantly lower than at healthy mates. Girls comparatively with boys appreciate practically all indicators of life′s quality lower besides school if we compare indicators of life′s quality of teenagers with obesity and diabetes of the 1st type their general indicator is higher than at teenagers with excess weight.
The adaptive capacity of conscripts of urgent service with the deficit of body weight
Authors: Kosina Nataliia V , Sokolova Natalya G
Published: May 2016

A common problem during the conscription of young people into military service is the deficit of body weight of conscripts, which is associated with specific emotional, personal, adaptive characteristics and features of efficiency. The purpose of research to identify and study the features of adaptive capacity and specificity of efficiency of military men with the deficit of body weight. Experimental psychological diagnosis of conscripts of urgent service with an average body mass index of 18.3 + 1.3 was carried out on the basis of the analysis of case histories, biographical forms, complex personal and psychophysiological methods. Results and conclusions: The conscripts with the deficit of body weight are characterized by: The lack of full-fledged family in the process of education, at a sufficiently high material well-being; Low adaptive capacity and behavioral regulation that characterizes a lack of mental stability; High level of personal anxiety, at a relatively low situational anxiety; Hypochondriacal, hypomanic and hysterical accentuation of character that characterizes high anxiety and suspiciousness in combination with the desire to compensate asthenic occurrences due to the demonstration of activity, intense mental and physical effort; Anxious and egocentric types of attitude to the disease, reflecting the specific experiences associated with his condition; High level of discipline, with avoidance of conflict situations characterizes in General the passive nature of the behavior; Optimal efficiency in a short period of time, then drop of the qualitative characteristics of the activity, as evidenced by the low rate of endurance and reliability of the efficiency.
Minitabletted pancreatin pangrol 10 000 iu and 25 000 iu efficacy and safety in patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Orlov Aleksandr V , Nikitina Marina I , Pashkevich Aleksandr A , Kovalev Viktor N
Published: May 2016

The substitutive enzymatic therapy is vital in cystic fibrosis patients with pancreatic insufficiency. Usually patients are given enzymes at every meal. If it is necessary to replace one enzymatic remedy to another, the replacement should be done gradually (for 12-14 days). A comparative study of encapsulated enzyme preparations Creon 10 000 IU/25 000 IU and Pangrol 10 000 IU/25 000 IU safety, efficacy and tolerability was done in 20 patients with cystic fibrosis at the age of 11 months - 16 years. 13 people have got the doses in the calculation of the lipase up to 100 TU; and more than 100 TU - 7 people. Different drug doses effectiveness was determined according to faeces parameters and coprogram indicators. Numerical evaluation of the clinical efficacy and tolerability of both drugs was conducted through a questionnaire survey of patients and specialists. All patients completed the study. The effectiveness of the treatment according to coprogram was the same in both groups. In most cases, the process of transferring patients from Creon on Pangrol passed without the appearance of negative symptoms. It has been shown that encapsulated, mini-tablet pancreatin Pangrol well tolerated by patients. This allowed to 60 % of patients with cystic fibrosis change the treatment from Creon on Pangrol. Adverse events (10 %), detected in the process of transferring patients from one drug to another, were rare and short-term. The majority of physicians and patients prefer to continue therapy with Creon, according to their previous successful experience. Step-by-step scheme of replacing one enzymatic remedy on another is shown in this paper.
Differential evaluation of iron metabolism in children with hypochromic anemia
Authors: Pshenichnaya Ksenia I , Zhilenkova Yuliya I
Published: May 2016

In the article are presented the indicators of iron metabolism in the two groups of children with hypochromic anemia in age from 7 months to 16 years who were examined in the Consultative and Diagnostic Center for Children of St. Petersburg: 28 patients with iron deficiency anemia and 21 patients with thalassemia minor. Characteristic changes are marked at children with IDA: reduced average iron and ferritin of serum and increasing the total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and soluble transferrin receptor (RTR). Children with thalassemia minor are characterized normal average serum iron, TIBC and ferritin, and a slight increase in RTR. But when we’ve analyzed the vibrations of each of these parameters in different groups of children, we founded a more diverse spectrum of disorders that may be associated with a combination thalassemia minor and iron deficiency, as well as the presence of comorbidities and conducted recently therapy by ferrum. Conclusion: it is necessary to evaluate the maximum number of biochemical parameters of iron metabolism, taking into account premorbid background and comorbidity.
Improving the availability and quality of medical care and rehabilitation in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Batysheva Tatiana T , Guzeva Valentina I , Guzeva Oksana V , Guzeva Victoria V
Published: May 2016

Nowdays, cerebral palsy is a leader in the structure of chronic diseases of childhood. The earliest start of the rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy, continuity and phasing their implementation, systematic and comprehensive, individual approach provide children with cerebral palsy to attain optimal physical, intellectual, psychological and/or social functional levels and to support it, thereby giving them tools designed to change their lives and expand their independence According to the latest scientific data in Russia today more than 40 % of newborns have various health disorders. Disease of the newborn, threatening the formation of cerebral palsy in almost half of cases partially or completely curable, but it requires time to diagnose them and begin proper rehabilitation treatment. It was in early childhood may successfully correct the existing neurological and orthopedic disorders, minimizing the effects of damage to the central nervous system. Introduction to the complex rehabilitation of patients with cerebral palsy high-tech methods of rehabilitation treatment will provide for pathogenetic treatment and significantly increase the speed of recovery of disturbed functions that will significantly reduce the degree of disability of such patients. Existing conditions of medical care and rehabilitation can not fully ensure a continuous process of complex rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy. It is necessary to further improve the quality of treatment and rehabilitation, and their accessibility to children with cerebral palsy.
Dispositivos Digitais no Ensino Superior: Percepções de Alunos de Administração
Authors: Lino Junior Fernando , Rolim Anderson Teixeira , De Carvalho Sérgio Freitas
Published: May 2016

O presente trabalho trata das questões que permeiam o uso das Novas Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (NTIC) no curso superior de
Administração. Tem como objetivo geral verificar a aceitação da utilização de mídias móveis no ensino de Administração e, como objetivos específicos, descrever a percepção dos alunos pesquisados em relação ao uso de mídias móveis e das tecnologias digitais, apontar algumas das mudanças proporcionadas pela integração das NTIC nas práticas comunicacionais, e evidenciar pontos relevantes para a utilização de mídias móveis no ensino de Administração. Como problema de pesquisa, parte-se do seguinte questionamento: tendo por base a evidente expansão das tecnologias digitais no cotidiano, cristalizadas na presença constante do smartphone, esse dispositivo digital pode ser utilizado como ferramenta pedagógica no ensino de Administração? Os dados confirmam a tendência de que a integração das NTIC no processo de ensino é percebida como um fator positivo, seja porque atua no acesso rápido à informação e à comunicação, seja porque já faz parte da intimidade dos alunos consultados. Conclui-se que a integração de dispositivos digitais e das redes telemáticas no ensino de Administração se revela como uma
estratégia válida para que se estabeleçam as relações mais efetivas com as práticas administrativas desses futuros profissionais.
Formação de Professores em Ciências Biológicas: Desafios, Limites e Possibilidades
Authors: Viégas Ana Luísa Dela Cruz , Cruz Lílian Mara Dela , Mendes Ana Paula Faustino Tieti
Published: May 2016

Este artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa teórica que tem o objetivo de verificar como estão ocorrendo as discussões em torno da Formação do Professor de Ciências/Biologia, que atua do 6º ao 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental, tendo em vista a relação teórico-prática, no encaminhamento das ações pedagógicas. Os dados foram produzidos por meio de mapeamento dos trabalhos publicados no Grupo de Trabalho de Formação de Professores - GT 8, na Associação Nacional dos Pesquisadores de Pós-Graduação em Educação - ANPED. Os artigos foram selecionados a partir dos descritores: licenciatura/formação inicial, formação continuada, Ensino Fundamental e Ensino Superior; Ciências e Biologia. No movimento da pesquisa emergiram temas, que proporcionaram mostrar o panorama das produções, no período de 2001-2010, destacando-se as pesquisas sobre formação do professor de Ciências/Biologia, alvo do estudo. Os resultados apontaram que a formação inicial e continuada ou permanente de professores precisa ser repensada no aspecto teórico-metodológico para as diferentes áreas do conhecimento
e compartilhada, por ser uma decisão política que implica a formação de outro indivíduo, podendo contribuir para a constituição de futuros professores, fundada em modos de mediação adequados dos formadores, especialmente, de áreas científicas específicas, ao tomarem também para si a responsabilidade por tal formação.
Editorial
Authors: Editorial Comitê
Published: May 2016

 

 
Wisdom Has Built Her House (Proverbs 9, 1–6). The History of the Notion in Southern and Eastern Slavic Art in the 14th–16th Centuries)
Authors: Brzozowska Zofia
Published: May 2016

Sophia’s banquet (Divine Wisdom’s banquet) – this type of iconography is an illustration of a specific passage of the ninth chapter of the Old Testament Book of Proverbs: Wisdom hath built herself a house (Prov 9, 1-6). That text became widespread in Old Russian literature within liturgical books containing passages of the Old Testament. Also the comment of Anastasius Sinaites for Proverbs 9, 1-6 was translated into Old Church Slavonic. Iconographic images of the Wisdom’s banquet scene should be considered as a phenomenon typical of South Slavic wall paintings from the period of fourteenth century. Later on, the discussed motif became popular in Old Russian art and began to appear on the East Slavic icons.
Scaffolded Reflection as a Tool for Surfacing Complex Learning in Undergraduate Research Projects
Authors: Howitt Susan , Wilson Anna
Published: May 2016

This article describes an intervention aiming to direct students’ attention to the research process by incorporating structured reflection into their experiences. Our intervention involved the implementation at three contrasting universities in Australia of a private blogging system, in which students responded to prompts about their research.
Supply–demand equilibria and the size–number trade‐off in spatially structured recreational fisheries
Authors: Wilson Kyle L. , Cantin Ariane , Ward Hillary G. M. , Newton Eric R. , Mee Jonathan A. , Varkey Divya A. , Parkinson Eric A. , Post John R.
Published: May 2016

Recreational fishing effort varies across complex inland landscapes (e.g., lake‐districts) and appears influenced by both angler preferences and qualities of the fishery resource, like fish size and abundance. However, fish size and abundance have an ecological trade‐off within a population, thereby structuring equal‐quality isopleths expressing this trade‐off across the fishing landscape. Since expressed preferences of recreational anglers (i.e., site‐selection of high‐quality fishing opportunities among many lakes) can be analogous to optimal foraging strategies of natural predators, adopting such concepts can aid in understanding scale‐dependence in fish–angler interactions and impacts of fishing across broad landscapes. Here, we assumed a fish supply–angler demand equilibria and adapted a novel bivariate measure of fishing quality based on fish size and catch rates to assess how recreational anglers influence fishing quality among a complex inland landscape. We then applied this metric to evaluate (1) angler preferences for caught and released fish compared to harvested fish, (2) the nonlinear size–numbers trade‐off with uncertainty in both traits, and (3) the spatial‐scale of the equilibria across 62 lakes and four independent management regions in British Columbia's (BC) rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss fishery. We found anglers had low preference for caught and released fish (~10% of the value compared to harvested fish), which modified anglers' perception of fishing quality. Hence, fishing quality and angler effort was not influenced simply by total fish caught, but largely by harvested fish catch rates. Fishing quality varied from BC's northern regions (larger fish and more abundant) compared to southern regions (smaller fish and less abundant) directly associated with a 2.5 times increase in annual fishing effort in southern regions, suggesting that latent fishing pressure can structure the size–numbers trade‐off in rainbow trout populations. The presence of two different equal‐quality isopleths suggests at least two effective landscapes support co‐occurring ideal free distributions of recreational fishing effort in BC's rainbow fishery. Anglers' expressed preferences among lakes interacted with density dependent growth and survival within lakes to structure a size–numbers trade‐off influencing how anglers perceive fishing quality and, ultimately, distribute across complex inland landscapes.
A generalizable energetics‐based model of avian migration to facilitate continental‐scale waterbird conservation
Authors: Lonsdorf Eric V. , Thogmartin Wayne E. , Jacobi Sarah , Aagaard Kevin , Coppen Jorge , Davis Amélie , Fox Timothy , Heglund Patricia , Johnson Rex , Jones Malcolm T. , Kenow Kevin , Lyons James E. , Luke Kirsten , Still Shannon , Tavernia Brian
Published: May 2016

Conserving migratory birds is made especially difficult because of movement among spatially disparate locations across the annual cycle. In light of challenges presented by the scale and ecology of migratory birds, successful conservation requires integrating objectives, management, and monitoring across scales, from local management units to ecoregional and flyway administrative boundaries. We present an integrated approach using a spatially explicit energetic‐based mechanistic bird migration model useful to conservation decision‐making across disparate scales and locations. This model moves a Mallard‐like bird (Anas platyrhynchos), through spring and fall migration as a function of caloric gains and losses across a continental‐scale energy landscape. We predicted with this model that fall migration, where birds moved from breeding to wintering habitat, took a mean of 27.5 d of flight with a mean seasonal survivorship of 90.5% (95% CI = 89.2%, 91.9%), whereas spring migration took a mean of 23.5 d of flight with mean seasonal survivorship of 93.6% (95% CI = 92.5%, 94.7%). Sensitivity analyses suggested that survival during migration was sensitive to flight speed, flight cost, the amount of energy the animal could carry, and the spatial pattern of energy availability, but generally insensitive to total energy availability per se. Nevertheless, continental patterns in the bird‐use days occurred principally in relation to wetland cover and agricultural habitat in the fall. Bird‐use days were highest in both spring and fall in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley and along the coast and near‐shore environments of South Carolina. Spatial sensitivity analyses suggested that locations nearer to migratory endpoints were less important to survivorship; for instance, removing energy from a 1036 km2stopover site at a time from the Atlantic Flyway suggested coastal areas between New Jersey and North Carolina, including the Chesapeake Bay and the North Carolina piedmont, are essential locations for efficient migration and increasing survivorship during spring migration but not locations in Ontario and Massachusetts. This sort of spatially explicit information may allow decision‐makers to prioritize their conservation actions toward locations most influential to migratory success. Thus, this mechanistic model of avian migration provides a decision‐analytic medium integrating the potential consequences of local actions to flyway‐scale phenomena.
Long‐term declines in stream and river inorganic nitrogen (N) export correspond to forest change
Authors: Lucas Richard W. , Sponseller Ryan A. , Gundale Michael J. , Stendahl Johan , Fridman Jonas , Högberg Peter , Laudon Hjalmar
Published: May 2016

Human activities have exerted a powerful influence on the biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) and drive changes that can be a challenge to predict given the influence of multiple environmental stressors. This study focused on understanding how land management and climate change have together influenced terrestrial N storage and watershed inorganic N export across boreal and sub‐arctic landscapes in northern Sweden. Using long‐term discharge and nutrient concentration data that have been collected continuously for over three decades, we calculated the hydrologic inorganic N export from nine watersheds in this region. We found a consistent decline in inorganic N export from 1985 to 2011 over the entire region from both small and large watersheds, despite the absence of any long‐term trend in river discharge during this period. The steepest declines in inorganic N export were observed during the growing season, consistent with the hypothesis that observed changes are biologically mediated and are not the result of changes in long‐term hydrology. Concurrent with the decrease in inorganic N export, we report sustained increases in terrestrial N accumulation in forest biomass and soils across northern Sweden. Given the close communication of nutrient and energy stores between plants, soils, and waters, our results indicate a regional tightening of the N cycle in an already N‐limited environment as a result of changes in forest management and climate‐mediated growth increases. Our results are consistent with declining inorganic N efflux previously reported from small headwater streams in other ecosystems and shed new light on the mechanisms controlling these patterns by identifying corresponding shifts in the terrestrial N balance, which have been altered by a combination of management activities and climate change.
Translocation strategies for multiple species depend on interspecific interaction type
Authors: Plein Michaela , Bode Michael , Moir Melinda L. , Vesk Peter A.
Published: May 2016

Conservation translocations, anthropogenic movements of species to prevent their extinction, have increased substantially over the last few decades. Although multiple species are frequently moved to the same location, current translocation guidelines consider species in isolation. This practice ignores important interspecific interactions and thereby risks translocation failure. We model three different two‐species systems to illustrate the inherent complexity of multispecies translocations and to assess the influence of different interaction types (consumer‐resource, mutualism, and competition) on translocation strategies. We focus on how these different interaction types influence the optimal founder population sizes for successful translocations and the order in which the species are moved (simultaneous or sequential). Further, we assess the effect of interaction strength in simultaneous translocations and the time delay between translocations when moving two species sequentially. Our results show that translocation decisions need to reflect the type of interaction. While all translocations of interacting species require a minimum founder population size, which is demarked by an extinction boundary, consumer–resource translocations also have a maximum founder population limit. Above the minimum founder size, increasing the number of translocated individuals leads to a substantial increase in the extinction boundary of competitors and consumers, but not of mutualists. Competitive and consumer–resource systems benefit from sequential translocations, but the order of translocations does not change the outcomes for mutualistic interaction partners noticeably. Interspecific interactions are important processes that shape population dynamics and should therefore be incorporated into the quantitative planning of multispecies translocations. Our findings apply whenever interacting species are moved, for example, in reintroductions, conservation introductions, biological control, or ecosystem restoration.
Prioritizing land management efforts at a landscape scale: a case study using prescribed fire inWisconsin
Authors: Hmielowski Tracy L. , Carter Sarah K. , Spaul Hannah , Helmers David , Radeloff Volker C. , Zedler Paul
Published: May 2016

One challenge in the effort to conserve biodiversity is identifying where to prioritize resources for active land management. Cost–benefit analyses have been used successfully as a conservation tool to identify sites that provide the greatest conservation benefit per unit cost. Our goal was to apply cost–benefit analysis to the question of how to prioritize land management efforts, in our case the application of prescribed fire to natural landscapes in Wisconsin,USA. We quantified and mapped frequently burned communities and prioritized management units based on a suite of indices that captured ecological benefits, management effort, and the feasibility of successful long‐term management actions. Data for these indices came fromLANDFIRE, Wisconsin's Wildlife Action Plan, and a nationwide wildland–urban interface assessment. We found that the majority of frequently burned vegetation types occurred in the southern portion of the state. However, the highest priority areas for applying prescribed fire occurred in the central, northwest, and northeast portion of the state where frequently burned vegetation patches were larger and where identified areas of high biological importance area occurred. Although our focus was on the use of prescribed fire in Wisconsin, our methods can be adapted to prioritize other land management activities. Such prioritization is necessary to achieve the greatest possible benefits from limited funding for land management actions, and our results show that it is feasible at scales that are relevant for land management decisions.
Invasiveness of plant pathogens depends on the spatial scale of host distribution
Authors: Mikaberidze Alexey , Mundt Christopher C. , Bonhoeffer Sebastian
Published: May 2016

Plant diseases often cause serious yield losses in agriculture. A pathogen’s invasiveness can be quantified by the basic reproductive number,R0. Since pathogen transmission between host plants depends on the spatial separation between them,R0is strongly influenced by the spatial scale of the host distribution.We present a proof of principle of a novel approach to estimate the basic reproductive number,R0, of plant pathogens as a function of the size of a field planted with crops and its aspect ratio. This general approach is based on a spatially explicit population dynamical model. The basic reproductive number was found to increase with the field size at small field sizes and to saturate to a constant value at large field sizes. It reaches a maximum in square fields and decreases as the field becomes elongated. This pattern appears to be quite general: it holds for dispersal kernels that decrease exponentially or faster, as well as for fat‐tailed dispersal kernels that decrease slower than exponential (i.e., power‐law kernels).We used this approach to estimateR0in wheat stripe rust (an important disease caused byPuccinia striiformis), where we inferred both the transmission rates and the dispersal kernels from the measurements of disease gradients. For the two largest datasets, we estimatedR0ofP. striiformisin the limit of large fields to be of the order of 30. We found that the spatial extent over whichR0changes strongly is quite fine‐scaled (about 30 m of the linear extension of the field). Our results indicate that in order to optimize the spatial scale of deployment of fungicides or host resistances, the adjustments should be made at a fine spatial scale. We also demonstrated how the knowledge of the spatial dependence ofR0can improve recommendations with regard to fungicide treatment.
Trade‐offs in water and carbon ecosystem services with land‐use changes in grasslands
Authors: Kim John H. , Jobbágy Esteban G. , Jackson Robert B.
Published: May 2016

Increasing pressures for food, fiber, and fuel continue to drive global land‐use changes. Efforts to optimize ecosystem services under alternative land uses are often hampered by the complex interactions and trade‐offs among them. We examined the effects of land‐use changes on ecosystem carbon storage and groundwater recharge in grasslands of Argentina and the United States to (1) understand the relationships between both services, (2) predict their responses to vegetation shifts across environmental gradients, and (3) explore how market or policy incentives for ecosystem services could affect land‐use changes. A trade‐off of ecosystem services was evident in most cases, with woody encroachment increasing carbon storage (+29 Mg C/ha) but decreasing groundwater recharge (−7.3 mm/yr) and conversions to rain‐fed cultivation driving opposite changes (−32 Mg C/ha vs. +13 mm/yr). In contrast, crops irrigated with ground water tended to reduce both services compared to the natural grasslands they replaced. Combining economic values of the agricultural products together with the services, we highlight potentials for relatively modest financial incentives for ecosystem services to abate land‐use changes and for incentives for carbon to drive land‐use decisions over those of water. Our findings also identify key opportunities and caveats for some win–win and lose–lose land‐use changes for more integrative and sustainable strategies for land management.