bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dear John
Authors: Carruthers Susan L.
Published: January 2022

Are 'Dear John' letters lethal weapons in the hands of men at war? Many US officers, servicemen, veterans, and civilians would say yes. Drawing on personal letters, oral histories, and psychiatric reports, as well as popular music and movies, Susan L. Carruthers shows how the armed forces and civilian society have attempted to weaponize romantic love in pursuit of martial ends, from World War II to today. Yet efforts to discipline feeling have frequently failed. And women have often borne the blame. This sweeping history of emotional life in wartime explores the interplay between letter-writing and storytelling, breakups and breakdowns, and between imploded intimacy and boosted camaraderie. Incorporating vivid personal experiences in lively and engaging prose – variously tragic, comic, and everything in between – this compelling study will change the way we think about wartime relationships.
Canaries or Colonials? The Reduced Prominence of the ‘Overseas Judges’ on Hong Kong's Court of Final Appeal
Authors: Hargreaves Stuart
Published: January 2022

Typically one member of a sitting panel of Hong Kong's Court of Final Appeal is a senior jurist drawn from another common law jurisdiction. In the Court's early years, these ‘overseas judges’ were responsible for writing approximately one quarter of the lead opinions across a vast range of cases. This article demonstrates, however, that this practice has changed. The overseas judges now write a smaller share of lead opinions and no longer write lead opinions related to issues of fundamental human rights or the relationship between Hong Kong and the rest of China. This article suggests this change has been made for good reason. Though valid questions about the legitimacy of the role of the overseas judges can be made, they also continue to perform a valuable communicative role regarding the status of Hong Kong's judicial independence under the ‘one country, two systems’ framework. A recent rise in attacks on overseas and other ‘foreign’ judges in Hong Kong can be understood as part of a broader project that seeks to constrain the role of the independent judiciary. By continuing to invite overseas judges to sit on the Court of Final Appeal but reducing their public prominence, the Court has sought not only to reduce avenues for attacks on the legitimacy of particular decisions, but to protect the autonomy and independence of the judiciary more broadly.
Turbulent boundary layer flow over regularly and irregularly arranged truncated cone surfaces
Authors: Womack Kristofer M. , Volino Ralph J. , Meneveau Charles , Schultz Michael P.
Published: January 2022

Aiming to study the rough-wall turbulent boundary layer structure over differently arranged roughness elements, an experimental study was conducted on flows with regular and random roughness. Varying planform densities of truncated cone roughness elements in a square staggered pattern were investigated. The same planform densities were also investigated in random arrangements. Velocity statistics were measured via two-component laser Doppler velocimetry and stereoscopic particle image velocimetry. Friction velocity, thickness, roughness length and zero-plane displacement, determined from spatially averaged flow statistics, showed only minor differences between the regular and random arrangements at the same density. Recent a priori morphometric and statistical drag prediction methods were evaluated against experimentally determined roughness length. Observed differences between regular and random surface flow parameters were due to the presence of secondary flows which manifest as high-momentum pathways and low-momentum pathways in the streamwise velocity. Contrary to expectation, these secondary flows were present over the random surfaces and not discernible over the regular surfaces. Previously identified streamwise-coherent spanwise roughness heterogeneity does not seem to be present, suggesting that such roughness heterogeneity is not necessary to sustain secondary flows. Evidence suggests that the observed secondary flows were initiated at the front edge of the roughness and sustained over irregular roughness. Due to the secondary flows, local turbulent boundary layer profiles do not scale with local wall shear stress but appear to scale with local turbulent shear stress above the roughness canopy. Additionally, quadrant analysis shows distinct changes in the populations of ejection and sweep events.
Information structure effects on the processing of nouns and verbs: evidence from event-related brain potentials
Authors: Piciucco Emanuela , Masia Viviana , Maiorana Emanuele , Vallauri Edoardo Lombardi , Campisi Patrizio
Published: January 2022

Electroencephalographic (EEG) signals can reveal the cost required to deal with information structure mismatches in speech or in text contexts. The present study investigates the costs related to the processing of different associations between the syntactic categories of Noun and Verb and the information categories of Topic and Focus. It is hypothesized that – due to the very nature (respectively, predicative and non-predicative) of verbal and nominal reference – sentences with Topics realized by verbs, and Focuses realized by nouns, should impose greater processing demands, compared to the decoding of nominal Topics and verbal Focuses. Data from event-related potential (ERP) measurements revealed an N400 effect in response to both nouns encoded as Focus and verbs packaged as Topic, confirming that the cost associated with information structure processing follows discourse-driven expectations also with respect to the word-class level.
Risk society and the politics of food safety problems in China
Authors: Han Guanghua , Zhai Yida
Published: January 2022

In China, the public has gradually shifted their focus from GDP growth to quality-of-life issues, which imposes new challenges for the government. The food safety problem, as a salient issue, is one such example. This article analyzes how food safety problems affect ordinary Chinese people's trust in the government and their attribution of governmental responsibility using nationally representative survey data. As food safety risks are unequally distributed in China, the political impact of food safety problems varies among people of different socioeconomic statuses. The results show that food safety problems weaken the public's trust in both the central and local governments, but this negative effect is attenuated among people with a low level of education. Moreover, the Chinese public tends to attribute major responsibility to the central government rather than local governments when perceiving the severity of food safety problems, and this tendency becomes stronger for the low-income population. The results deepen the understanding of the local-central political trust patterns and the political implications of food safety problems in China.
Methane Occurrence and Quantification in a Very Shallow Water Environment: A Multidisciplinary Approach
Authors: Ferrante G. M. , Donda F. , Volpi V. , Tinivella U. , Adelinet M.
Published: January 2022

In the last decades, geological degassing in shallow marine environments has been recognized as a significant contributor to atmospheric methane, hence to the global‐warming potential. Especially in shallow water environments, a proper assessment of the distribution, quantification and migration pathways of methane within the sediments is fundamental to help forecasting the amount that could leak and eventually reach the atmosphere. Traditionally, velocity anomalies from seismic data are the ones used to assess the occurrence of gas and its concentration. However, in shallow‐waters (<30 m), the post‐critical conditions make the near‐surface velocity estimation from P‐wave reflections extremely challenging, requiring an integrated approach. Here, we propose an original joint analysis of seismic data and geophysical logs, together with information from drilling reports, with the aim of characterizing and quantifying the gas along two crossing multichannel seismic profiles in the Northern Adriatic Sea, a very shallow marine basin where methane occurrence within the sedimentary succession is widespread. We estimated the gas distribution from resistivity anomalies, which are correlated with the seismic response associated with the presence of gas through the signal frequency content. Our results show a different concentration pattern in the two seismic profiles, revealing that gas is both diffuse ad concentrated in local accumulations, in agreement with the gas‐related features already identified on the seismic data. Gas concentration appears to be locally associated to the tectonic features identified in the area, indicating that faults act as preferential conduits for gas migration, locally reaching the seafloor and seeping in the water column.
The Seesaw Pattern of PM2.5 Interannual Anomalies Between Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei and Yangtze River Delta Across Eastern China in Winter
Authors: Liu Xiaohui , Zhu Bin , Zhu Tong , Liao Hong
Published: January 2022

Since 2013, the winter mean fine particulate matter (PM2.5) had been decreased significantly due to stringent emission controls in most of China. Nevertheless, we found a seesaw pattern of PM2.5 interannual anomalies between Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei (BTH) and Yangtze River Delta (YRD). Using the multiple linear regression method, meteorology‐driven PM2.5 interannual anomalies show that the low (high) PM2.5 relative difference between BTH and YRD (RDB&Y) was associated with the strong (weak) East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM). The strong EAWM transported more air pollutants from BTH to YRD. During the COVID‐19 lockdown period, due to the weak EAWM, air pollution still occurred in northern BTH, while the PM2.5 was relatively low in YRD, causing high RDB&Y values. Our results imply that the activity of EAWM and characteristics of regional transport have obvious interannual variations, which is indispensable in evaluating the achievements of PM2.5 quality management between up and downstream regions.
Orographic Flow Influence on Precipitation During an Atmospheric River Event at Davis, Antarctica
Authors: Gehring Josué , Vignon Étienne , Billault‐Roux Anne‐Claire , Ferrone Alfonso , Protat Alain , Alexander Simon P. , Berne Alexis
Published: January 2022

Intense snowfall sublimation was observed during a precipitation event over Davis in the Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica, from 08 to 10 January 2019. Radar observations and simulations from the Weather Research and Forecasting model revealed that orographic gravity waves (OGWs), generated by a north‐easterly flow impinging on the ice ridge upstream of Davis, were responsible for snowfall sublimation through a foehn effect. Despite the strong meridional moisture advection associated with an atmospheric river (AR) during this event, almost no precipitation reached the ground at Davis. We found that the direction of the synoptic flow with respect to the orography determined the intensity of OGWs over Davis, which in turn directly influenced the snowfall microphysics. We hypothesize that turbulence induced by the OGWs likely enhanced the aggregation process, as identified thanks to dual‐polarization and dual‐frequency radar observations. This study suggests that despite the intense AR, the precipitation distribution was determined by local processes tied to the orography. The mechanisms found in this case study could contribute to the extremely dry climate of the Vestfold Hills, one of the main Antarctic oases.
The Synoptic and Interannual Variability of Extreme Turbulent Heat Flux Events During Austral Winter in the Southern Indian Ocean
Authors: Yang Jun , Cheng Xuhua , Qin Jianhuang , Zhou Guidi , Li Lanman
Published: January 2022

Extreme turbulent heat flux (THF) event is a key linkage between the atmosphere and ocean. Based on ERA5 reanalysis data, this study investigates the synoptic and interannual variability of extreme THF events in the Southern Indian Ocean during austral winter (May–September) from 1979 to 2018. On synoptic timescale, the extreme THF events account for approximately 36% of total THF, with the duration of 20% within the total analysis period. The extreme THF events are induced by strong sea surface temperature (SST) gradient in the oceanic front and synoptic eastward Rossby wave train with equivalent barotropic structure, associated with advecting relatively dry and cold air over warm SST at the edge of eddies. On interannual time scales, the occurrences of extreme THF events have a significant negative correlation with Southern Annular Mode (SAM). During the negative phase of SAM, a negative pressure anomaly is located in the Southern Indian Ocean, corresponding to a large cyclonic circulation anomaly. As a result, surface wind speeds and the differences of temperature and humidity between the atmosphere and ocean are strengthened over the warm flank of the oceanic front, leading to the onset of extreme THF event. Additionally, the accumulated effect of extreme THF events can not only deepen the oceanic mixed layer locally, but also have a downstream impact possibly through oceanic advection effect.
The Mid‐ to High‐Latitude Migrating Semidiurnal Tide: Results From a Mechanistic Tide Model and SuperDARN Observations
Authors: van Caspel Willem E. , Espy Patrick J. , Ortland David A. , Hibbins Robert E.
Published: January 2022

Simulations of the solar thermal migrating semidiurnal (SW2) tide in the mesosphere‐lower‐thermosphere (MLT) are compared against meteor wind observations from a longitudinal chain of high‐latitude Super Dual Auroral Radar Network radars. The simulations span the year 2015 and are performed using a mechanistic primitive equation model. The model employs a whole‐atmosphere tide forcing based on temperature tendency fields from the Specified Dynamics Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with Thermosphere and Ionosphere Extension, and a background atmospheric specification based on zonal wind and temperature data from the Navy Global Environmental Model‐High Altitude meteorological analysis system. Results show that the model accurately reproduces the observed seasonal variability of the SW2 tide in both the amplitude and phase. Numerical experiments are performed to investigate how the tidal forcing, dissipation terms, and seasonal variations in the background atmosphere shape the seasonal variations of the simulated SW2 tide. Notable results are that the background atmosphere most strongly impacts the SW2 tide forced in the troposphere, and that the specification of a narrow surface friction profile enhances the net SW2 amplitude in the MLT between April and October. Eddy diffusion is found to damp the simulated tide predominantly around summer solstice and in December.
Analysis of HF Receiving Antenna SNR and Application
Authors: Zhu Wenjun , Guo Lixin , He Shaolin
Published: January 2022

The relationship between the parameters of the high frequency (HF) antenna and the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) is studied in this paper. External and internal noise features of HF are studied and its relationship with the antenna is investigated. All the antenna parameters that influence the SNR were analyzed synthetically. The most important factor was deduced and pointed out by theoretical analysis and calculation to reveal the basis. A novel receiving HF antenna design with outstanding performance was proposed as an application of our study.
Intense, Long‐Duration Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs) Caused by Intense Substorm Clusters
Authors: Hajra Rajkumar
Published: January 2022

Geomagnetically induced current (GIC) measurements at the Mäntsälä, Finland (57.9° magnetic latitude) gas pipeline from 1999 through 2019 are analyzed. It is found that the GIC events with peak intensity A are not individual peaks, but occur in clusters with duration from ∼5 to ∼38 hr when GIC values are almost continuously above ∼1.5 A. The intense, long‐duration GIC A clusters (ILG10) are characterized by average (median) duration of ∼17 ± 9 hr (∼14 hr), peak intensity of ∼21 ± 10 A (∼19 A), and time‐integrated current flows of ∼1.0 ± 0.7 A‐d (∼0.9 A‐d) for all events under study. An one‐to‐one correlation is observed between the ILG10 events and intense substorm clusters characterized by average (median) duration of ∼20 ± 10 hr (∼17 hr), peak westward auroral electrojet intensity (presented by SuperMAG AL or SML index) of ∼− 2,238 ± 843 nT (∼− 2,099 nT) for all events. About 10–60 min fluctuations in the ILG10 events are found to be induced by substorm (SML) activity, and geomagnetic pulsations. A detailed study is presented on the local time, solar cycle, and geomagnetic dependencies of the ILG10 events. This will hopefully augment the predictability of the intense GICs.
Conventional type 1 dendritic cells protect against age-related adipose tissue dysfunction and obesity
Authors: Hernández-García Elena , Cueto Francisco J. , Cook Emma C. L. , Redondo-Urzainqui Ana , Charro-Zanca Sara , Robles-Vera Iñaki , Conde-Garrosa Ruth , Nikolić Ivana , Sabio Guadalupe , Sancho David , Iborra Salvador
Published: January 2022

Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) scan and integrate environmental cues in almost every tissue, including exogenous metabolic signals. While cDCs are critical in maintaining immune balance, their role in preserving energy homeostasis is unclear. Here, we showed that Batf3-deficient mice lacking conventional type 1 DCs (cDC1s) had increased body weight and adiposity during aging. This led to impaired energy expenditure and glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and liver steatosis. cDC1 deficiency caused adipose tissue inflammation that was preceded by a paucity of NK1.1+ invariant NKT (iNKT) cells. Accordingly, among antigen-presenting cells, cDC1s exhibited notable induction of IFN-γ production by iNKT cells, which plays a metabolically protective role in lean adipose tissue. Flt3L treatment, which expands the dendritic cell (DC) compartment, mitigated diet-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia in a Batf3-dependent manner. This effect was partially mediated by NK1.1+ cells. These results reveal a new critical role for the cDC1-iNKT cell axis in the regulation of adipose tissue homeostasis.
A simple sensing platform based on a 1T@2H-MoS2/cMWCNTs composite modified electrode for ultrasensitive detection of illegal Sudan I dye in food samples
Authors: Wu Qiaoling , Ji Chun , Zhang Lingli , Shi Qili , Wu Yuangen , Tao Han
Published: January 2022

Based on the synergistic electrocatalysis effect of 1T@2H-MoS2 nanosheets and carboxylated carbon nanotubes (cMWCNTs), a simple electrochemical sensing platform was established for the highly sensitive detection of Sudan I.
Evaluation of a porous imine-based covalent organic framework for solid-phase extraction of nitroimidazoles
Authors: Hong Zhikai , Dong Yingjiao , Wang Ruijie , Wang Guanhua
Published: January 2022

An imine COF, BP-COF, was synthesized and used for the first time as a SPE material, and the developed method exhibits good performance for the determination of nitroimidazoles.
Surface defect-engineered CeO2−x by ultrasound treatment for superior photocatalytic H2 production and water treatment
Authors: G. C. Sujay Shekar , Alkanad Khaled , Alnaggar Gubran , Al-Zaqri Nabil , Bajiri Mohammed Abdullah , B. Thejaswini , Dhileepan M. D. , Neppolian Bernaurdshaw , K. Lokanath N.
Published: January 2022

We designed a CeO2−x photocatalyst under the influence of low-frequency ultrasonic waves to generate surface oxygen vacancies for efficient photocatalytic performance.
Synthesis, molecular structure and fluxional behavior of the elusive [HRu4(CO)12]3−carbonyl anion
Authors: Cesari Cristiana , Bortoluzzi Marco , Femoni Cristina , Carmela Iapalucci Maria , Zacchini Stefano
Published: January 2022

The isolation and structural characterization of the [HRu4(CO)12]3−carbonyl anion are reported for the first time, more than 40 years after its first spectroscopic evidence.
Hygroscopicity of internally mixed ammonium sulfate and secondary organic aerosol particles formed at low and high relative humidity
Authors: Razafindrambinina Patricia N. , Malek Kotiba A. , Dawson Joseph Nelson , DiMonte Kristin , Raymond Timothy M. , Dutcher Dabrina D. , Freedman Miriam Arak , Asa-Awuku Akua
Published: January 2022

Aged atmospheric volatile organic matter create secondary organic aerosols (SOA), influencing the indirect effect of aerosols. A difference in viscosity and hydrophobicity of SOA may be the primary cause of changes in hygroscopicity.
Effects of carbamazepine in aquatic biota
Authors: Baali Hugo , Cosio Claudia
Published: January 2022

Carbamazepine (CBZ) is one of the most common pharmaceuticals found in the aquatic environment.
Ellagic acid enhances muscle endurance by affecting the muscle fiber type, mitochondrial biogenesis and function
Authors: Li Huawei , Chen Xiaoling , Huang Zhiqing , Chen Daiwen , Yu Bing , Luo Yuheng , He Jun , Zheng Ping , Yu Jie , Chen Hong
Published: January 2022

Dietary ellagic acid supplementation improves muscle endurance.
Supplementation with cyanidin and delphinidin mitigates high fat diet-induced endotoxemia and associated liver inflammation in mice
Authors: Cremonini Eleonora , Iglesias Dario E. , Matsukuma Karen E. , Hester Shelly N. , Wood Steven M. , Bartlett Mark , Fraga Cesar G. , Oteiza Patricia I.
Published: January 2022

Short-term supplementation of mice with cyanidin and delphinidin mitigates the metabolic endotoxemia and associated liver inflammation triggered by consumption of a high fat diet (HFD).
Medium and long-chain structured triacylglycerol enhances vitamin D bioavailability in an emulsion-based delivery system: combination of in vitro and in vivo studies
Authors: Guo Yiwen , Xu Ying , Zhang Tao , Wang Yandan , Liu Ruijie , Chang Ming , Wang Xingguo
Published: January 2022

The structured triacylglycerol was rapidly and extensively digested and gave a high number of long chain fatty acids. The structured triacylglycerol was most effective at increasing the vitamin D bioavailability.
Purification of quantum dot-based bioprobes with a salting out strategy
Authors: Chen Zhi-Liang , Xu Jia-quan
Published: January 2022

A salting out strategy is reported for purification of IgG-conjugated QD (IgG-QD) bioprobes. The optical properties, target recognition, and colloidal stability of the purified IgG-QD were commendably maintained after salting out.
Choline phosphate lipid as an intra-crosslinker in liposomes for drug and antibody delivery under guard
Authors: Li Shengran , Xie Xintao , Wang Wenliang , Jiang Sangni , Mei Weikang , Zhang Yuanhua , Liu Sanrong , Yu Xifei
Published: January 2022

CP-lip intra-crosslinked liposomes would solve the key problem of liposome disintegration, thus enhancing the delivery of therapeutics to target sites.
Heterostructure Fe2O3 nanorods@imine-based covalent organic framework for long cycling and high-rate lithium storage
Authors: Long Zhiwen , Shi Chu , Wu Caiqin , Yuan Luhan , Qiao Hui , Wang Keliang
Published: January 2022

Heterostructure Fe2O3 nanorods@imine-based COF achieved long-cycling and high-rate performance, the reversible capacities were 1185 mA h g−1 after 500 cycle at 1 A g−1 and 501 mA h g−1 at 3 A g−1.
PolyDODT: a macrocyclic elastomer with unusual properties
Authors: Molnar Kristof , Kim Hojin , Chen Dongjie , Helfer Carin A. , Kaszas Gabor , McKenna Gregory B. , Kornfield Julia A. , Yuan Chunhua , Puskas Judit E.
Published: January 2022

Reversible Radical Recombination Polymerization (R3P) using triethylamine (TEA), H2O2 and air is a scalable and green method for the synthesis of biodegradable polysulfides.
Effect of surface properties of TiO2 on the performance of Pt/TiO2 catalysts for furfural hydrogenation
Authors: Byun Mi Yeon , Kim Ye Eun , Baek Jae Ho , Jae Jungho , Lee Man Sig
Published: January 2022

Hydrogenation of biomass-derived furfural is an important process in biofuel production.
Synthesis, characterization, and sorption activity of novel azo-colorants derived from phloroglucinol and antipyrine and their metal complexes
Authors: Nguyen Anh Van , Vu Anh Thi Ngoc , Bazan Liya V. , Galeev Ravil T. , Utenyshev Andrey N. , Markova Ekaterina B. , Le Van Thuan , Kovalchukova Olga V.
Published: January 2022

Two novel azo-colorants derived from phloroglucinol and antipyrine, and 10 metal complexes were studied. Both the ligands and their metal complexes show coloristic activity, while the H3L2 compound possesses good sorption activity.
Multi-fidelity prediction of molecular optical peaks with deep learning
Authors: Greenman Kevin P. , Green William H. , Gómez-Bombarelli Rafael
Published: January 2022

A multi-fidelity deep learning approach that utilizes data from both experiments and physics-based calculations predicts molecular absorption peaks with higher accuracy and generalizability than existing methods.
Metal-free, visible-light induced enantioselective three-component dicarbofunctionalization and oxytrifluoromethylation of enaminesviachiral phosphoric acid catalysis
Authors: Liang Hui , Ji Dong-Sheng , Xu Guo-Qiang , Luo Yong-Chun , Zheng Haixue , Xu Peng-Fei
Published: January 2022

We have developed a metal-free, visible-light driven chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed asymmetric intermolecular, three-component radical-initiated dicarbofunctionalization and oxytrifluoromethylation of enamines.
Electrochemical deposition of electronically rich Pt single atoms and nanocrystals on porous carbon for enhanced electrocatalysis in strong acids
Authors: Cheng Fang , Yang Shuai , Zhao Zongtao , Lin Chao , Zhang Haojie , Song Xiaokai , Qin Yong , Li Xiaopeng
Published: January 2022

Pt single atoms (SAs) and nanocrystals were deposited on a carbon nanoballoon support using an electrochemical cycling approach. The enhancement of ORR performance in acidic media was originated from electronic effect as well as ultrafine dispersion of Pt.
Amidinium additives for high-performance perovskite solar cells
Authors: Ma Yue , Liu Na , Zai Huachao , Fan Rundong , Kang Jiaqian , Yang Xiaoyan , Pei Fengtao , Zhou Wentao , Wang Hao , Chen Yihua , Wang Lina , Hong Jiawang , Bai Yang , Zhou Huanping , Chen Qi
Published: January 2022

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have developed rapidly and achieved power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of over 25% with diverse technical routes.
Modeling the roles of rigidity and dopants in single-atom methane-to-methanol catalysts
Authors: Jia Haojun , Nandy Aditya , Liu Mingjie , Kulik Heather J.
Published: January 2022

Computational studies of structural and catalytic properties of single atom catalysts suggest they are attractive candidates for methane-to-methanol conversion.
Template-free fabrication of magnetic mesoporous poly(ionic liquid)s: efficient interfacial catalysts for hydrogenation reaction and transesterification of soybean oil
Authors: Li Shengnan , Lu Xiaotong , Liu Qi , Wang Limin , Liu Yujing , Liu Zhongqiu , Ying Anguo
Published: January 2022

Novel mesoporous poly(ionic liquid)s prepared by template-free method smoothly catalyzed the Pickering emulsion reactions.
Stabilization of ruthenium nanoparticles over NiV-LDH surface for enhanced electrochemical water splitting: an oxygen vacancy approach
Authors: Karmakar Arun , Karthick Kannimuthu , Sankar Selvasundarasekar Sam , Kumaravel Sangeetha , Madhu Ragunath , Bera Krishnendu , Dhandapani Hariharan N. , Nagappan Sreenivasan , Murugan Palanichamy , Kundu Subrata
Published: January 2022

Oxygen vacancy assisted stabilization of Ru@NiV-LDH was achieved via wet chemical methods. Ru@NiV-LDH showed an excellent water splitting activity. DFT analysis confirmed the stabilization Ru NPs over the LDH surface by 3.8 ± 0.5 eV adsorption energy.
An antibacterial biomimetic adhesive with strong adhesion in both dry and underwater situations
Authors: Li Lin , Peng Haitao , Du Yan , Zheng Heng , Yang Aiping , Lv Guoyu , Li Hong
Published: January 2022

An antibacterial adhesive with strong, highly reversible, and durable adhesiveness in both dry and underwater conditions is designed and fabricated by imitating the adhesion mechanism of mussels.
Biomimetic smart nanoplatform for dual imaging-guided synergistic cancer therapy
Authors: Fang Zhengzou , Yang Erli , Du Ying , Gao Daqing , Wu Guoqiu , Zhang Yuanjian , Shen Yanfei
Published: January 2022

A biomimetic nanoplatform for MRI and fluorescence imaging-guided synergetic cancer therapies has been constructed using a folate-functionalized erythrocyte membrane-coated metal–organic framework as both a photosensitizer and a nanocarrier.
Modulating hardness in Sc2(Ru5−xTMx)B4 through empirical considerations and computational analysis
Authors: Hickey Jacob C. , Brgoch Jakoah
Published: January 2022

Electron density, Fermi level position, and chemical bonding are essential markers when developing high hardness complex borides.
Manipulating Förster and Dexter interactions between a thermally activated delayed fluorescence host and a phosphorescent dopant for highly efficient solution-processed red and white OLEDs
Authors: Tang Yang , Liu Yuan , Ning Weiming , Zhan Lisi , Ding Junqiao , Yu Maolin , Liu Hengjia , Gao Yuhan , Xie Guohua , Yang Chuluo
Published: January 2022

A blue TADF host with and without steric hindrances was utilized to manipulate Fӧrster and Dexter interactions with a red phosphorescent iridium complex, realizing the state-of-the-art PhOLEDs with a sufficiently high EQE of 22.2%.
Intelligibility Across a Reading Passage: The Effect of Dysarthria and Cued Speaking Styles
Authors: van Brenk Frits , Stipancic Kaila , Kain Alexander , Tjaden Kris
Published: January 2022

Objective:

Reading a passage out loud is a commonly used task in the perceptual assessment of dysarthria. The extent to which perceptual characteristics remain unchanged or stable over the time course of a passage is largely unknown. This study investigated crowdsourced visual analogue scale (VAS) judgments of intelligibility across a reading passage as a function of cued speaking styles commonly used in treatment to maximize intelligibility.

Patients and Method:

The Hunter passage was read aloud in habitual, slow, loud, and clear speaking styles by 16 speakers with Parkinson's disease (PD), 30 speakers with multiple sclerosis (MS), and 32 control speakers. VAS judgments of intelligibility from three fragments representing the beginning, middle, and end of the reading passage were obtained from 540 crowdsourced online listeners.

Results:

Overall passage intelligibility was reduced for the two clinical groups relative to the control group. All speaker groups exhibited intelligibility variation across the reading passage, with trends of increased intelligibility toward the end of the reading passage. For control speakers and speakers with PD, patterns of intelligibility variation across passage reading did not differ with speaking style. For the MS group, intelligibility variation across the passage was dependent on speaking style.

Conclusions:

The presence of intelligibility variation within a reading passage warrants careful selection of speech materials in research and clinical practice. Results further indicate that the crowdsourced VAS rating paradigm is useful to document intelligibility in a reading passage for different cued speaking styles commonly used in treatment for dysarthria.
Individuals Who Use Augmentative and Alternative Communication and Participate in Active Recreation: Perspectives From Adults With Developmental Disabilities and Acquired Conditions
Authors: Hajjar David J. , McCarthy John W.
Published: January 2022

Purpose:

The aim of the study was to gather the perspectives and lived experiences of 10 adults who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) and participate in active recreation. Active recreational participation includes individual sports such as adaptive skiing, surfing, and cycling, as well as unified team sports such as soccer, bocce, and basketball.

Method:

This research involved a qualitative study with two separate asynchronous online focus groups each conducted over a 6-week span. The focus groups included literate individuals who use AAC and engage in active recreational pursuits across the United States. One focus group included five individuals with acquired conditions, and the other group included five individuals with developmental disabilities.

Results:

Thematic analysis of the data from both focus groups revealed five primary themes with corresponding subthemes: barriers (intrinsic and extrinsic), supports (intrinsic and extrinsic), benefits (intrinsic and extrinsic), communication (methods), and recommendations for communication partners and people who use AAC.

Conclusions:

This study provides important information to individuals who use AAC and their communication partners about the benefits of active recreation and the supports needed to make these experiences successful. As a result of this study, speech-language pathologists, related professionals, and caregivers will gain a better understanding of how they can support recreational participation for people who use AAC with a specific focus on enhancing communication and expanding social networks.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.17701043
SOFIA/GREAT observations of OD and OH rotational lines towards high-mass star forming regions
Authors: Csengeri T. , Wyrowski F. , Menten K. M. , Wiesemeyer H. , Güsten R. , Stutzki J. , Heyminck S. , Okada Y.
Published: January 2022

Context. Only recently, OD, the deuterated isotopolog of hydroxyl, OH, has become accessible in the interstellar medium; spectral lines from both species have been observed in the supra-Terahertz and far infrared regime. Studying variations of the OD/OH abundance amongst different types of sources can deliver key information on the formation of water, H2O.

Aims. With observations of rotational lines of OD and OH towards 13 Galactic high-mass star forming regions, we aim to constrain the OD abundance and infer the deuterium fractionation of OH in their molecular envelopes. For the best studied source in our sample, G34.26+0.15, we were able to perform detailed radiative transfer modelling to investigate the OD abundance profile in its inner envelope.

Methods. We used the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) to observe the 2Π3∕2 J = 5∕2−3∕2 ground-state transition of OD at 1.3 THz (215 μm) and the rotationally excited OH line at 1.84 THz (163 μm). We also used published high-spectral-resolution SOFIA data of the OH ground-state transition at 2.51 THz (119.3 μm).

Results. Absorption from the 2Π3∕2 OD J = 5∕2−3∕2 ground-state transition is prevalent in the dense clumps surrounding active sites of high-mass star formation. Our modelling suggests that part of the absorption arises from the denser inner parts, while the bulk of it as seen with SOFIA originates in the outer, cold layers of the envelope for which our constraints on the molecular abundance suggest a strong enhancement in deuterium fractionation. We find a weak negative correlation between the OD abundance and the bolometric luminosity to mass ratio, an evolutionary indicator, suggesting a slow decrease of OD abundance with time. A comparison with HDO shows a similarly high deuterium fractionation for the two species in the cold envelopes, which is of the order of 0.48% for the best studied source, G34.26+0.15.

Conclusions. Our results are consistent with chemical models that favour rapid exchange reactions to form OD in the dense cold gas. Constraints on the OD/OH ratio in the inner envelope could further elucidate the water and oxygen chemistry near young high-mass stars.
Co-producing knowledge with family farming organizations: a citizen science observatory in Santarém, Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Coudel Emilie , Nasuti Stéphanie , Abreu dos Santos Beatriz , Piva Mariana , Fechine Valéria , Folhes Ricardo-Theophilo
Published: January 2022

This data paper presents a survey conducted in a participatory manner in the territory of Santarém, in the Brazilian Amazon. The aim is to understand how global changes are affecting family farmers. In the study area, family farming has been confronted over the past 20 years with the rapid expansion of large-scale monocultures, especially soybean. As part of the Odyssea socio-environmental observatory, academic researchers and family farming organizations entered into a partnership to co-produce data that could be strategically useful for these organizations. A process of co-construction of the expectations allowed priorities to be established and the data collection strategy to be defined. Three levels of analysis were chosen in order to allow an integrated understanding of the dynamics of change: the Santarem Plateau territory, the rural community level (living place recognized by the farmers) and the farmers’ households. Twenty-one farmers, called community researchers, organized in 3 teams, applied a questionnaire through the KoboCollect smartphone application to 544 families in the municipalities of Santarém, Mojuí dos Campos and Belterra. Meetings were previously held in the rural communities and questionnaires were applied with representatives of 32 communities. Data was collected between April and June 2019. The community researchers and academic researchers then came together for two collective sessions of data analysis and interpretation in July and October 2019. Data was standardized and cleaned using SPSS software, between September and December 2019. The metadata and databases are available on the CIRAD dataverse.
Advanced Endoscopic Technologies to Improve the Diagnosis of Colorectal Polyps
Authors: Daca Alvarez Maria , Rivero-Sanchez Liseth , Pellisé Maria
Published: January 2022

Colonoscopy is the gold standard for colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention. The main quality indicator of colonoscopy is the adenoma detection rate, which is inversely associated with the risk of interval CRC and the risk of death from this neoplasia. In the setting of CRC prevention, diagnostic colonoscopy has undergone a remarkable evolution in the past 20 years. Hand in hand with the implementation of CRC prevention programs and technological advances, we are now able to identify tiny and subtle neoplastic lesions and predict their histology with great efficiency. In this article, we briefly review the endoscopy technologies that can be used to improve the detection and characterization of colorectal polyps.
Role of Flow Cytometry in the Diagnosis of Inborn Errors of Immunity
Authors: Ramalingam Thulasi Raman
Published: January 2022

Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are a group of inherited heterogeneous disorders affecting the immune system characterized by increased susceptibility to infections, immune dysregulation, and lymphoproliferation. Flow cytometry (FCM) is a rapid and reliable technique for evaluation and enumeration of immune cells. It also helps in understanding the functional and signaling pathways of the immune system. Lymphocyte subset analysis is a simple and effective screening tool in suspected combined and humoral immunodeficiency patients. Qualitative phagocytic defects such as chronic granulomatous disease and leucocyte adhesion defect are easily diagnosed by FCM. Study of intracellular proteins (e.g., BTK, WASP, DOCK8), cytokine production, and signaling molecules (e.g., STAT3) by FCM is very useful but also quite challenging to establish. T and B lymphocyte interaction for normal class switching of B cells can be assessed and can help in diagnosis of combined variable immunodeficiency and hyperimmunoglobulin M syndrome. FCM is also used in posttransplant monitoring of IEI patients and also in prenatal diagnosis in suspected cases. It is also useful in validation of variants of uncertain significance obtained in exome sequencing. FCM results should always be interpreted with clinical history and, if needed, should be confirmed with molecular genetic studies before establishing the final diagnosis. Ensuring good sample quality and running parallel controls with patient samples will avoid the preanalytical and analytical errors. This review describes the applications of FCM in the diagnosis of various IEI.
Variceal Hemorrhage: Decompression, Obliteration, or Both?
Authors: McCafferty Benjamin J. , El Khudari Husamedin , Salei Aliaksei , Gunn Andrew J.
Published: January 2022

Variceal hemorrhage is a morbid condition that frequently mandates the involvement of interventional radiology to achieve successful and sustained hemostasis. Primary image-guided therapies for variceal hemorrhage include a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt and transvenous obliteration. Knowledge of variceal pathophysiology and anatomy, current techniques, and the evidence supporting therapeutic selection is paramount to successful patient outcomes. The purpose of this review is to provide the reader a framework of the available literature on image-guided management of bleeding varices to assist in clinical management.
Gallbladder Cryoablation: Clinical and Technical Considerations
Authors: McGregor Hugh
Published: January 2022

As many as 500,000 cholecystectomies are performed per year in the United States. Frail patients are at higher risk from cholecystectomy, with reported postoperative complication and mortality rates as high as 31 and 5% in patients older than 75 years. Percutaneous cholecystostomy drainage is commonly employed in high-risk patients with cholecystitis, with over 12,000 cases performed annually. Cholecystostomy, however, is not a definitive treatment, with up to 30% of patients having a recurrent episode of cholecystitis within 4 months after tube removal. Gallbladder cryoablation has emerged as a minimally invasive procedure that achieves transmural gallbladder wall necrosis in a single session resulting in gallbladder fibrosis and involution. Early clinical data have been promising, with reported technical success of 86% and clinical success of 100% at up to 500 days of follow-up. Several challenges and unknowns remain, however, including optimal patient selection and procedural technique, the potential need for adjunct procedures to occlude the cystic duct, the implications of the immunostimulatory effects of cryoablation, and the impact of the presence of gallstones on outcomes. This article reviews the rationale behind gallbladder cryoablation, updates early clinical outcomes, and discusses the challenges that remain for the adoption of the technique for the treatment of benign gallbladder disease.
Design and characterization of surface molecular assemblies for the preparation of solar fuels
Authors: Wang Degao , Fei Ling , Huang Zhiwei , Meyer Thomas J.
Published: January 2022

A key issue in solar energy conversion is the utilization of solar energy for the preparation of solar fuels. In this area, artificial photosynthesis offers promising approaches for the conversion of H2O and CO2 into usable solar fuels. This review highlights both the design and characterization of surface molecular assemblies for the preparation of solar fuels. It includes mechanistic summaries of the details of the underlying surface chemical reactions including water oxidation and proton/water reduction. The surface mechanisms are shown to integrate molecular reactivity with surface electron transfer in integrated assemblies that lead to impressive efficiencies for water oxidation and proton or CO2 reduction.
A note on N-soliton solutions for the viscid incompressible Navier–Stokes differential equation
Authors: Meulens R.
Published: January 2022

Repetitive curling of the incompressible viscid Navier–Stokes differential equation leads to a higher-order diffusion equation. Substituting this equation into the Navier–Stokes differential equation transposes the latter into the Korteweg–De Vries–Burgers-equation with the Weierstrass p-function as the soliton solution. However, a higher-order derivative of the studied variable produces the so-called N-soliton solution, which is comparable with the N-soliton solution of the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation. Experiments have made it clear that the system behaves like a coupled (an)harmonic oscillator on a discrete collapsed-state level. The streamlines obtained are derivatives of the error function as a function of the obtained Lax functional of the particle filaments dynamics induced by the (hypothetical) Calogero–Moser many-body system with elliptical potential and are the so-called Hermite functions. Hermite tried to introduce doubly periodic Hermite functions (the so-called Hermite problem) using coefficients related to the Weierstrass p-function. A solution-sensitive analysis of the incompressible viscid Navier–Stokes equation is performed using the Lamb vector. Cases with a meaningful potential-energy contribution require a particle interaction model with an N-soliton solution using a hierarchy-like solution of the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation. A three-soliton solution is emulated for the cylinder-wake problem. Our analytical results are put in perspective by comparison with two well-studied benchmark cases of fluid dynamics: the cylinder-wake problem and the driven-lid problem. The time-average velocity distribution (limit of streamline patterns) is consistent with published results and is enclosed in an asymmetrical lemniscate.
Thickness dependences of the dynamic magnetic properties of epitaxial YIG films prepared by a metal–organic decomposition method
Authors: Kasahara Kenji , Sueda Shingo , Manago Takashi
Published: January 2022

Epitaxial yttrium-iron garnet (YIG) films with various thicknesses were fabricated on gadolinium-gallium garnet substrates by a metal–organic decomposition (MOD) method, and their dynamic and static magnetic properties were investigated. We varied the thickness of the YIG films by repeating spin-coating of the MOD solution and pre-annealing. The lattice constant and the crystal size of the YIG films were almost independent of the thickness (the coating count N). The damping factor and coercive field increased with N. Moreover, the saturation magnetization MS measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer increased with N, although that measured by ferromagnetic resonance was almost independent of N. Thus, both dynamic and static magnetic properties for the YIG films obviously degraded with increasing N. Judging from these results, the repetition of the coating process generates other ferromagnetic micro-crystalline phases at grain boundaries, for instance, γ-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4, which could cause degradation of the magnetic properties of the YIG films prepared by the MOD method.
Numerical simulation of breakdown properties and streamer development processes in SF6/CO2 mixed gas
Authors: Zhang Runming , Wang Lijun , Liu Jie , Lian Zhuoxi
Published: January 2022

In this paper, the dielectric breakdown properties in SF6/CO2 mixed gas, the development of the streamer in SF6/CO2 mixed gas, and the distribution of each component with time were studied. First, the electron transport parameters (mean energy, longitudinal diffusion coefficients, Townsend coefficient, critical reduced electric field coefficients, and electron energy distribution function) in SF6/CO2 mixtures with different ratios in the E/N range of over 50–1000 Td were obtained by two-term Boltzmann equation analysis. Then, coupled with the Boltzmann drift–diffusion equation and Poisson equation, the hydrodynamic model of discharge of SF6/CO2 mixtures in a strongly non-uniform electric field was established. Many different influence factors are considered, such as the gas mixture ratio, applied voltage, space temperature, space pressure, and electrode structures. The results indicate that the increase in SF6 content in the mixed gas will reduce the ionization rate of the total mixed gas, and therefore, it takes a longer time for breakdown. The higher the pressure, the more concentrated the form of the streamer. As the temperature increases, the shape of the streamer head becomes more scattered, and it loses its contoured shape at about 3000 K; in addition, the existence of the maximum electron number density value appears at the tip of the rod electrode rather than at the streamer head. The simulation also revealed that the dielectric strength of SF6/CO2 mixtures is stronger than that of SF6/N2 mixtures and reached a turning point at an SF6 ratio of 60% under extremely non-uniform electric fields, which agreed well with experiments.