bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Il sistema nervoso autonomico e il nervo vago all'inizio della vita
Authors: Viglione Chiara , Chiera Marco , Vecchi Stefano , Cerritelli Francesco , Manzotti Andrea
Published: June 2022

Il sistema nervoso autonomico (SNA) gioca un ruolo di rilievo nella regolazione della salute dell'organismo e dei suoi processi di adattamento agli stressor. Tuttavia, spesso viene data poca attenzione ai suoi legami con i sistemi immunitario ed endocrino. Ancor di più, poca attenzione viene data a come l'SNA si sviluppa durante la gestazione e a quali fattori possono interferire con la sua maturazione, nonostante oggi, tramite l'analisi della variabilità della frequenza cardiaca (HRV), è possibile monitorare lo sviluppo dell'SNA persino a livello fetale e prevenire complicazioni potenzialmente letali. Scopo di questo articolo è, pertanto, fornire un quadro della complessità dello sviluppo dell'SNA, con specifici accenni al nervo vago, con particolare attenzione ai fattori ambientali che possono interferire durante lo sviluppo fetale e neonatale, fornendo in conclusione rilevanti spunti per la pratica clinica.
La scissione in psicosomatica
Authors: Dal Sacco Diego
Published: June 2022

Quando si parla di scissione in psicosomatica, il nostro pensiero corre immediatamente alle difese messe in atto dal paziente che somatizza, senza pensare alla scissione avvenuta all'interno della psicosomatica stessa o alla scissione che l'operatore della salute usa come difesa contro il controtransfert che sperimenta. Lo scopo di questo lavoro è dimostrare l'importanza di poter riconoscere questo meccanismo non solo nel paziente ma anche in chi lo cura, al fine di promuovere una migliore integrazione mente-corpo.
L'arte della formazione in psichiatria
Authors: Tinti Maria Rosa , Valent Graziano
Published: June 2022

Parlare di formazione in ambito psichiatrico significa affrontare un insieme di questioni che riguardano l'identità della psichiatria come espressione di un sapere e di una pratica che si riferiscono all'uomo, precisamente all'uomo che soffre. In altre parole, una riflessione sui contenuti e i principi metodologici che si ritengono idonei a formare gli operatori chiama in causa la domanda su quale sia la prima vocazione della psichiatria, quali siano, o debbano essere, i suoi presupposti e i suoi scopi. C'è da chiedersi anzitutto se l'oggetto di studio e di intervento di questa disciplina sia tale da giustificare la sua collocazione nel campo della medicina; se il compito della psichiatria si esaurisca nell'esercizio della competenza clinica o se non debba contemplare una responsabilità di carattere etico e politico, nel senso di una tensione a includere nel proprio campo d'azione e di ricerca il rapporto tra follia e normalità, tra le forme di cura della sofferenza mentale e i linguaggi di una cultura della salute mentale. Senza alcuna intenzione di fissare dei limiti a un discorso che necessita di rimanere aperto e fluente, si vuole riflettere sulle potenzialità della formazione intesa come esperienza di trasformazione che coinvolge il singolo operatore e l'intero gruppo curante. Partendo dalla domanda sul destino della psichiatria al cospetto delle sfide congenite alla relazione con la follia, la riflessione interroga il valore di un dialogo con la filosofia per uscire dal recinto angusto della clinica e restituire alla psichiatria il senso originario di un punto di vista privilegiato sull'essere umano. In ultimo, viene data testimonianza di un'esperienza di ricerca e formazione connaturata alla pratica terapeutica, quella che negli anni Novanta ha preso corpo dall'incontro tra la psichiatria di matrice basagliana del Centro di salute mentale di Orzinuovi e l'originale filosofia dialettica di Italo Valent.
L'antropologia filosofico-fenomenologica come "presupposto" metodologico di Ludwig Binswanger
Authors: Bello Angela Ales
Published: June 2022

Lo scopo dell'articolo è di mostrare come alcuni aspetti dell'antropologia filosofico-fenomenologica siano la guida per il lavoro diagnostico e terapeutico di Ludwig Binswanger. Tutto ciò rappresenta un valido "presupposto" della sua prassi di clinico. Nell'esposizione seguo il metodo fenomenologico mostrando che l'analisi dei casi clinici esaminati da Binswanger conferma la tripartizione dell'essere umano proposta da Edmund Husserl. La validità dell'approccio fenomenologico emerge dal confronto fra la posizione di Binswanger e quella di Freud. In conclusione osservo come la conoscenza della struttura dell'umano serva per l'individuazione dei casi clinici in una circolarità feconda, che rileva la poliedricità dell'umano, la sua forza o la sua fragilità, senza che venga mai meno la sua dignità.
Improving Accounting and Management of Settlements with Foreign Suppliers in the Context of Global Digitalization on the Example of Agricultural Enterprise
Authors: Selivanova Natalia , Borkovska Valentyna , Mykytyuk et. al. Petro
Published: June 2022

In the article, the authors developed proposals for improving the accounting and management of settlements with counterparties at importing agricultural enterprises in the context of global digitalization, namely: proposed analytical accounts for accounting settlements with suppliers at importing agricultural enterprises, which will help control accounts payable, the time of its payment and help to plan agreements with suppliers and contractors; considered in detail the accounting of payments to contractors, namely the accounting of discounts from foreign suppliers on agricultural raw materials received by the enterprise, when it is provided after customs clearance of goods; developed methodical bases of management of settlements with contractors at the enterprises-importers in the conditions of global digitalization; developed and visually presented the information base of control of settlements with contractors (suppliers) in the conditions of global digitalization; analyzed the main control functions implemented in the application solutions of various software products presented on the market of Ukraine, presented an analysis of the solution of internal control problems with the help of applied products and proposed the main areas of improvement of control elements. In general, the rational organization of accounting and management of suppliers and the state of settlements with them help to strengthen contractual and settlement discipline, fulfilment of obligations to supply products in a given range and quality, increase responsibility for compliance with payment discipline, reduce receivables and payables, accelerate receivables and, consequently, to improve the financial condition of the enterprise.
Synthesis, establishment of reference standard impurity A of ramipril and assessment of impurities in ramipril products
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Tran Thien , Nguyen Vu Anh , Ha Huan Quoc , Nguyen Hiep Khac Long , Ngo Diep Thi Thanh
Published: June 2022

Ramipril, which is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, is prescribed to treat heart failure, diabetic kidney diseases and high blood pressure. The United States Pharmacopeia 43 (USP 43) and British Pharmacopoeia 2020 (BP 2020) require testing ramipril methyl ester (impurity A) in ramipril pharmaceutical substances as well as corresponding finished products. This study was conducted with the aim of synthesis and standardization of impurity A as related substance and using established reference impurity A in impurity test of ramipril pharmaceutical products.

Impurity A was synthesized from ramipril by transesterification reaction with methanol and potassium hydroxide. The synthesized product chemical structure was elucidated from its spectroscopic data. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was utilized to determine its purity and establish it as reference standard. Finally, the assay of impurities in ramipril pharmaceuticals was determined by HPLC method, using the established impurity A standard.

Ramipril methyl ester was successfully synthesized and purified with 39.2% yields (about 1.08 g). Impurity A purity determined was over 98% and conformed to establish reference standard. The assigned purity value of impurity A is 99.01%. Additionally, the assay of impurities in available ramipril pharmaceuticals by application of a HPLC method referred from USP 43 was conducted.

Impurity A was successfully synthesized and standardized as reference standard for impurities test of ramipril.
Predictors for nursing students’ perception of working with older people
Authors: Duong Trang Phuc Thien , Nguyen Phuong Thi Ngoc
Published: June 2022

The increasing number of older people around the world has increased the demand for elderly care nursing services. Understanding nursing perceptions can identify willingness to work with older people.

This study aims to determine predictors for nursing students’ perception of working with older people.

A cross-sectional study was performed on 292 nursing students at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy. Stratified random sampling with an online self-reporting questionnaire was used to collect data from first- to fourth-year nursing students. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 20. Independent t-test, ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation were utilised to determine the correlation of demographic variables, knowledge and attitude with perception. Moreover, multiple linear regression was applied to determine predictors for the perception of working with older people.

The mean score of perception of working with older people amongst undergraduate nursing students was 51.79±6.31. Factors related to perception include gender (p=0.004), geriatric nursing choice (p=0.007), knowledge about ageing (p=0.001) and attitude towards older people (p<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender (P=-0.149, p=0.005), geriatric nursing choice (P=0.154, p=0.o03), knowledge about ageing (P=0.122, p=0.021) and attitude towards older people (P=0.367, p<0.001) are predictors for the perception of working with older people.

An in-depth understanding of ageing and attitude towards older people in the geriatric curriculum plays a vital role in promoting nursing students’ perception of working with older people.
Strengthening and SHM system installation on RC slab using non-linear FE analysis
Authors: Al-Hijazeen Asseel , Fawad Muhammad , Koris Kálmán , Salamak Marek
Published: June 2022

Re-life of aged load-bearing structures may be more efficient and economical than complete re-building. Nowadays, the strengthening of an RC structure can be designed using non-linear FE analysis, taking a realistic structural behaviour into account. Within the current article, this process is demonstrated in connection with the strengthening of a monolithic RC slab. The slab must be strengthened due to a change of function which increases live load. To ensure satisfactory operation in SLS for increased load, the flexural strengthening of the slab by CFRP strips and bonded steel plates was considered. Static verification of the slab for original and increased loads is performed by linear FE analysis. The load-bearing capacities of the original and the strengthened slabs are also determined by non-linear FE calculation. A comparative analysis of the results highlights the effectiveness of different strengthening methods in increasing the stiffness and SLS capacity of the slab. To perform real-time monitoring of the slab in question, an SHM system is also suggested with the installation of three different types of sensors. This system increases the safety of operation and reduces future maintenance and strengthening costs.
How Ideology is reflected in The Time Machine: A Corpus-based Approach
Authors: Liu Qian
Published: June 2022

Much has been accumulated in the research on science fiction, corpus method to literary works, and critical discourse analysis on literary works, while research concerning the combination of these three elements is just beginning. The present study is a case study for examining how a corpus-based approach can combine with CDA and contribute to research on literary works. Specifically, Lancaster Semantic Analysis System (USAS) is firstly used to perform semantic encoding for the text of H.G. Wells’ science fiction The Time Machine. Then the encoded text is imported into Sketch Engine, the ultimate tool to explore how language works. Second, the word list and the keyword program are used for word filtering. The filtered words are then divided into 3 categories, namely, character, environment, and psychology, according to different descriptive aspects. Third, the distribution and collocation of object words in different categories are tested by the sketch engine programs or USAS. Finally, CDA is carried out on these data in combination with the time of the text. Findings from the study have shown that language in The Time Machine is ideology-loaded, characterized by the distinctive modification of different characters, the vagueness of the psychological process, and the diversity of narrative perspectives. In response to scepticism of quantitative stylistics from literary critics, this paper serves to reinforce the literary value of simple quantitative text and corpus data. At the theoretical level, this study tries to explain how micro textual resources can interface with macro discourse, such as ideology and social cognition. At the methodological level, this study promotes the application of the combination of corpus linguistics and critical discourse analysis in stylistics.
Black-skinned Intellectuals Wearing White Masks: A Neocolonial Study of Identity Crisis in Wole Soyinka's The Interpreters
Authors: Moradi Bahman
Published: June 2022

Wole Soyinka, the first African writer Nobel Prize winner in literature in 1986, is famous universally, mostly for his plays. But one of his novels, The Interpreters (1965), has been acclaimed as well as criticized by many critics for some stylistic and ideological problems. The interpreters of Soyinka's novel are five intellectuals who have come back from abroad, mainly England, to their country, post-independence Nigeria. The critical perspectives of these interpreters towards predominant corruption and other social problems in most parts and institutions of Nigeria are clearly noticeable. The identity crisis, which is rampant throughout this novel, can be recognized as cultural and, in some cases, biological hybridity. Two social psychological identity problems, that is, identity and hybridity crisis, as well as 'neocolonialism' term, are the main concerns of this thesis. Neocolonialism, as a less debated term in comparison to two other dominant terms, postmodernism and postcolonialism, has been analyzed coherently. Having delineated the neocolonialism term and its connections with literature, this thesis has gone through the characters of this novel and has argued the manifestation of hybridity and identity in all aspects of their lives. Post-independence Nigerian as the context of this work reveals clearly these identity and hybridity crises through its characters. Destructive outcomes of identity and hybridity crisis, which left Nigeria a paralyzed country, and warning to avoid further crises is among Soyinka's concerns, as well as the main points which this thesis is searching to highlight. Not to be mesmerized by western culture and amalgamate it ineptly with one's own, as well as the highly valuable political intervention of literature to reflect psychological problems of supressed societies would be regarded as a significant finding of such research.
Tradition And Its Significance Within Islam And The Abrahamic Faiths
Authors: Ghani Usman
Published: June 2022

The present article looks into the position and significance of tradition within Islam and the Abrahamic Faiths. Tradition in its very theological sense is generally believed to have divine authority albeit not as part of the sacred scripture. The main interest here is to shed light on how different tradition in Islam in comparison to Judaism and Christianity is. Drawn upon examples and evidence, this article thus, studies the idea of tradition and underlines its notional and applied similarities and differences within the said three world religions. Further, this article also investigates and discusses the intricacies of the Islamic tradition.
Estimation of River Discharge Outside the Regime of Uniform Flow
Authors: Bouabdellah Guemou
Published: June 2022

The flow discharge computation is based on assumptions about the energy grade line slope and the water level to estimate the stream flow with the hydraulic model of Manning's equation. The purpose of this paper is to improve the river discharge prediction using a modified practical Manning's equation for non-uniform but also for uniform flow conditions by using free surface slope, bed slope, friction coefficient and the flow depth. This paper presents an improvement in the integration of the average velocity in gradually varied flows. To validate the modified equation, experimentations have been carried out in the hydraulic laboratory of Ain Temouchent University (Algeria) for 23 flow discharges through two measurement sections; we have got 46 values of the average velocity, the bed slope and free surface slope. The results compare very well with the experimentations. A very good agreement has been found between measured and computed velocities with a coefficient of determination R2 (97.91% for section A and 99.45% for Section B) with the normalized RMSE low than 2.4%. This could be a very useful contribution for the literature. No closer-form of this modified Manning equation is available in the literature.
Treatment of inherited thrombocytopenias
Authors: Balduini Carlo L.
Published: June 2022

The new techniques of genetic analysis have made it possible to identify many new forms of inherited thrombocytopenias (IT) and study large series of patients. In recent years, this has changed the view of IT, highlighting the fact that, in contrast to previous belief, most patients have a modest bleeding diathesis. On the other hand, it has become evident that some of the mutations responsible for platelet deficiency predispose the patient to serious, potentially lifethreatening diseases. Today's vision of IT is, therefore, very different from that of the past and the therapeutic approach must take these changes into account while also making use of the new therapies that have become available in the meantime. This review, the first devoted entirely to IT therapy, discusses how to prevent bleeding in those patients who are exposed to this risk, how to treat it if it occurs, and how to manage the serious illnesses to which patients with IT may be predisposed.
La participación ciudadana y la gestión administrativa del Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado Municipal de Ambato
Authors: Rivera Herrera Eliana Mercedes , Proaño Córdova Telmo Diego
Published: June 2022

La importancia de la participación ciudadana en la gestión de la administración pública, radica en que se busca obtener un gobierno inclusivo y participativo con sus mandantes, estableciendo si se cumple con lo establecido en los preceptos determinados en la normativa ecuatoriana acerca de la participación ciudadana, obteniendo una idea general de conformidad de los ciudadanos con la gestión administrativa de las autoridades del GAD municipal Ambato, de esta manera se busca transparentar la información de la institución pública, con esto se promueve disminuir los casos de corrupción, como la ejecución de procesos con sobreprecios, adjudicación de contratos a entidades contratantes que no cumplen con los requisitos que exige las bases del contrato o no siguieron el proceso establecido en compras públicas o el incumplimiento del presupuesto participativo, entre otro, al existir una mayor veeduría ciudadana, obteniendo de esta manera un servicio con estándares de calidad aceptables y mayor ejecución de obras en beneficio de la colectividad con un grado de efectividad aceptable, para lograr establecer el nivel de participación ciudadana en la gestión administrativa se aplicó una encuesta a la población, tomando en cuenta parámetros como: Participación electoral, participación informativa, participación ciudadana, participación cívica, participación asociativa, y la gestión administrativa.
Impact of COVID-19 on Child Life & Health in Bangladesh
Authors: Hussain Manzoor , Al Mamun Mohammad Abdullah
Published: June 2022

Abstract not available

BANGLADESH J CHILD HEALTH 2021; VOL 45 (1) : 1-5
The pattern of Atopy in Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome-A Tertiary Hospital Study
Authors: Akther Sabiha , Kabir Arml , Khosruzzaman SM
Published: June 2022

Background: Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is a common renal disease in children. Various atopic disorders are found in 30%-60% cases with childhood nephrotic syndrome.

Objective: To evaluate the association of atopic disorders with childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.

Methods: This case-control study was conducted in the Department of Paediatrics, Sir Salimullah Medical College Hospital from January 2012 to December 2012. Fifty children of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome between 2 to 10 years of age were included and the diagnosis was based on history, clinical features and laboratory evidence. Age and sex-matched controls were taken from pediatrics outdoor who attended for problems other than nephrotic syndrome. Data regarding atopic disorders in both groups were collected and then analyzed.

Results: Mean ages in this study were 5.32±2.88 years and 5.34±2.87 years in case and control respectively. The male-female ratio was 1.7: 1 in both groups. A positive history of atopy was present in 46.0% of cases and 20.0% in controls. Atopic disorders were asthma (42.0% vs. 20.0%), allergic rhinitis (30% vs. 10%), atopic dermatitis (0.0% vs. 2.0%) and allergic conjunctivitis (0.0% vs. 2.0%) found in cases and controls respectively. Bronchial asthma was frequently (37.5%) found in frequent relapse nephrotic syndrome compared to infrequent relapse and the first attack of nephrotic syndrome.

Conclusion: Children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome had a higher incidence of atopy. Asthma and allergic rhinitis was found as common atopic disorders associated with childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.

BANGLADESH J CHILD HEALTH 2021; VOL 45 (1) : 6-9
Mayer-Rokytansky-kuster-Hauser Syndrome: A Rare Congenital Anomaly-Report of Two Cases
Authors: Parvin Roksana , Begum Suraiya , Akhter Romana , Sharmin Farzana
Published: June 2022

Mayer -Rokytansky-Kuster- Hauser Syndrome (MRKH) is a rare congenital anomaly, in which derivatives of mullerian duct is partially or completely absent whereas ovaries are normally present in a female patient. The patients usually present to physician with primary amenorrhea in adolescent period, when secondary sexual characteristics develops normally.Surgical correction permits normal sexual function and, possibly, reproduction with assisted techniques in MRKH patients. So,early diagnosis is very important to offer possible treatment options to the parents and patients and also to avoid psychological impact on patient. Here, we have described two cases of MRKH with different presenting complaints.

BANGLADESH J CHILD HEALTH 2021; VOL 45 (1) : 48-50
Notes & News Vol. 45(1)
Authors: Hoque Seikh Azimul
Published: June 2022

Abstract not available

BANGLADESH J CHILD HEALTH 2021; VOL 45 (1) : 61
Microsurgical Management of Symptomatic Intracranial Arachnoid Cyst: Experience of 15 Cases
Authors: Alam Md Shafiul , Haroon Kaisar , Alam Jakirul , Farzana Tayseer , Hasan Rejaul , Saifuddin AZM
Published: June 2022

Background: Arachnoid cysts are fluid-filled sacs that occur on the arachnoid membrane that covers the brain. In most of the cases these cysts are asymptomatic and do not require any treatment. Only symptomatic arachnoid cysts require treatment.
Objectives: The objective of this study was to see the results of microsurgical treatment of intracranial arachnoid cyst.
Methods: This retrospective cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Neurosciences & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Total 15 cases were included in this study for a period of 3 years. Data were collected including their operation procedures and follow up by questionnaires and finally observed the results.
Results: Among the 15 patients about one third were presented in the second decades of life with male predominant. Significant clinical improvement was observed among most of the patients. The radiological decrease of the size of the cysts was also found. The results of microsurgical excision were better than other procedures.
Conclusions:Surgical treatments are needed only in symptomatic cases. Clinical and radiological outcome of the surgical treatment is satisfactory.
Bang. J Neurosurgery 2021; 11(1): 13-17
Evaluation of Human Papilloma Virus 16/18 Antibody Titer Seven Years after Vaccination with Cervarix among Adolescent Girls of Bangladesh
Authors: Sultana Chowdhury Shamima , Khatun Sabera , Ismat Sharif Masuma , Jahan Munira
Published: June 2022

Background: Prevention of HPV infection by prophylactic vaccination is a critical step in reducing the cervical cancer burden. A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the serological immune response to the bHPV vaccine in adolescent Bangladeshi girls at 7th months of vaccination. This is the first in depth follow up study in Bangladesh to directly evaluate the long-term immunogenicity of the bHPV vaccine by measuring sustained HPV16/18 antibody titer seven years after vaccination.

Objective: To determine the long-term immune response against HPV16/18 induced by the immunization with bivalent human papilloma virus (bHPV) 16/18 ASO4 adjuvanted vaccine by measuring the antigen specific antibody titer.

Materials & Method: This was a cross- sectional observational study conducted among 30 adolescent Bangladeshi girls from October 2015 to September 2016 who were vaccinated with 3 doses of bHPV vaccine from December 2008 to June 2009 in the Division of Gynaecological Oncology of BSMMU. Antibody titer against bHPV 16/18 ASO4 adjuvanted cervical cancer vaccine was measured in the serum of the 30 vaccinee in the Virology laboratory of BSMMU using DRG HPV IgG ELISA (REF.EIA- 4907) kit. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 21.

Results: The mean age of the population was 17.9±1.2 years. Among 30 vaccinated subjects, vaccine-induced long-term anti-HPV ELISA seropositivity was 93.33% (with 95% CI) for both HPV 16/18 types measured at year seven post-vaccination. Immunization with the HPV16/18 L1 virus-like particle vaccine adjuvanted with AS04 induced sustained high levels of antibodies among adolescent Bangladeshi girls against high-risk HPV genotypes 16/18.

Conclusion: Vaccination with bHPV is predicted to provide long-term protection against HPV infection and subsequent development of high-grade cervical lesions and cancer.

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2019; Vol. 34(2): 72-78
International News Vol. 34(2)
Authors: Khatun Sabera
Published: June 2022

Abstract not available

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2019; Vol. 34(2): 148
BJOG yearly CME program Vol. 34(2)
Authors: Khatun Sabera
Published: June 2022

Abstract not available

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2019; Vol. 34(2): 149-150
Role of Diagnostic D&C and Histopathology of Endometrium in Perimenopausal Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Authors: Roy Moumita , Begum Shamsunnahar , Ara Begum Hosne
Published: June 2022

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding is common and important problem in perimenopausal women which has diverse etiology. Among different diagnostic procedures, Dilatation and Curettage (D&C) with histopathology of endometrium has an important role in the detection of underlying cause in perspective of its availability, low cost, and high diagnostic yield. The objective of diagnostic curettage in perimenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding is to detect endometrial abnormality.

Methods: It was a hospital based cross-sectional study among fifty patients of 45 to 60 years old with history of perimenopausal bleeding, attending the inpatient and outpatient department of Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital, Dhaka. The cases were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Routine investigations and pelvic ultrasonograpy were done. Endometrial biopsy were taken by Diagnostic D & C. Chi-square test was used as test of statistical significance. Statistical Package of Social Science Software (SPSS, version 16.0) was used for statistical analysis of data.

Results: Common histopathological pattern identified were endometrial hyperplasia (32%), and polyp (24%). Proliferative endometrium was found in 16% cases, secretory endometrium in 12%, endometrial carcinoma in 6%, endometritis in 4 % and atrophic endometrium in 6% patients.

Conclusion: Endometrial biopsy is an essential step for all cases of perimenopausal and postmenopausal abnormal uterine bleeding to rule out malignancy.

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2020; Vol. 35(1): 7-14
Comparison of Serum Beta Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (S. b-HCG) Level in Preeclamptic and Normal Pregnancy
Authors: Khanam Suraiya , Rouf Salma , Sultana Chowdhury Shamima , Ferdous Mst Sharmin , Saha Kabita
Published: June 2022

Background: Preeclampsia is a major cause of feto maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. WHO estimated the incidence to be seven times higher in developing countries than in developed countries (2.8% of live births versus 0.4%). Overall preeclampsia/ eclampsia accounts for 10%–15% of maternal deaths. Exact etiology of the disease is unknown.

Objective: To compare the serum b-HCG levels in preeclamptic and normal pregnant women.

Methods: This case-control study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Dhaka Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, during July 2017 to June 2019 to evaluate the serum b-HCG level in preeclamptic and normal pregnant women. This study compare the b-HCG levels between the two groups as well as find out the association of serum b-HCG level with severity of preeclampsia. A total 80 women with ³37 weeks of gestation admitted into the Department, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Out of 80 pregnant women 40 with preeclampsia and rest 40 normal pregnant women were considered as case (Group I) and control (Group II) respectively. Serum b-HCG level of all the women were determined in the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu sheikh Mujib Medical University. Statistical analysis of the results were obtained by using window based computer software devised with Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS-22.0).

Result: The mean systolic blood pressure was 175.3±10.1 mmHg in group I and 113.1±14.0 mmHg in group II. The mean diastolic blood pressure was 106.75±10.47 mmHg in group I and 72.3±8.0 mmHg in group II. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The mean b-HCG was 42235±34491 IU/L in group I and 29224±21022 IU/L in group II. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The mean b-HCG was 27664.9±18076.4 IU/ L in mild preeclampsia and 48474.7±31554.1 IU/L in severe preeclampsia. The difference was also found statistically significant (p<0.05) between two groups. No difference in Serum b-hCG was found between mild preeclampsia and normal pregnancy.

Conclusion: Significantly high level of Serum b-hCG was found in the preeclamptic compared to the normal pregnant women. Serum b-hCG level also found raised according to the severity of preeclampsia due to hyperplasic trophoblastic cells of placenta. The maternal serumb- hCG plays one of the important role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and its severity.

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2020; Vol. 35(1): 25-31
Abstract Vol.35(1)
Authors: Editor The
Published: June 2022

Abstract not available

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2020; Vol. 35(1): 49-52
International News Vol 35(1)
Authors: Editor The
Published: June 2022

Abstract not available

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2020; Vol. 35(1): 58
Mechanism of anti-cancer effect of β-glucan on SH-SY5Y cell line
Authors: Filiz Ahmet Kemal , Joha Ziad , Yulak Fatih
Published: June 2022

Anti-cancer property of fungi derived β-glucan (Lentinula edodes) on several cancer cell lines have been reported. In this work, the SH-SY5Y cell lines were treated with various concentrations of β-glucan (62.5, 125, 250 and 500 μg/mL) and the viability of the cells was tested using the XTT assay after 24 hours. Cleaved PARP, BCL-2, 8-hydroxy-desoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG), cleaved caspase 3, Bax, total oxidant, and total antioxidant levels in the cells were measured by commercial kits. β-Glucan significantly decreased the cell viability in SH-SY5Y cells. ELISA tests demonstrated that β-glucan therapy dramatically increased 8-oxo-dG, cleaved caspase 3, Bax, cleaved PARP, total oxidant. However, β-glucan treatment did not change the BCL-2 protein level. Altogether, β-glucan caused significant cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells by inducing oxidative stress, increasing DNA damage, and ultimately increasing apoptosis.
Fortified buckwheat noodles as a potential replacement of locally produced noodles
Authors: Farzana T , Hossain FB , Orchy TN , Mohajan S , Fatema J , Afrin S
Published: June 2022

The present study explored the possibility of formulating noodles with improved nutritious value and acceptable sensory properties using buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) flour in supplementation of wheat flour and compared the developed noodles with locally available branded noodles in Bangladesh. Wheat flour was substituted with 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% whole buckwheat flour. Ash (1.95-2.16%), protein (13.45-17.04%), fat (0.55-0.78%), fiber (0.23-0.55%) and mineral contents increased with the increasing content of buckwheat flour in noodles preparation. On sensory evaluation, noodles formulated with 30% buckwheat flour were to be found acceptable and were characterized with higher mineral content along with the accession in ash, protein and fiber content up to 2.08%, 16.13% and 0.46% respectively, which outran the values of other locally available noodles. On sensory evaluation and nutritional point of view, it can be concluded that buckwheat noodles is a potential replacement of other available noodles in the local market of Bangladesh.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.56(1), 17-24, 2021
Chromium adsorption on coir pith charcoal from tannery wastewater
Authors: Hashem MA , Mim S , Ahsan A , Sheikh MHR , Bushra SA , Rownok A
Published: June 2022

Emission of high chrome tanning wastewater is catastrophic for the environment. In this work, the effectiveness of coir pith charcoal is stated for the removal of chromium from tannery wastewater. The charcoal yield from the coir pith was 2.4%. The prepared charcoal was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The efficiency of coir pith charcoal for chromium removal was assessed experimenting with various parameters e.g., charcoal dose, contact time, and relative pH. The content of chromium in the raw wastewater and after treatment at filtrate was 3439.2 mg/L and 14.9 mg/L, individually. In the batch experiment at optimized condition, for 75 mL chrome wastewater at 4 g charcoal dose with 15 min contact time, the chromium removal efficiency was attained 99.6%. The level of chloride (Cl-), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) were significantly reduced by 65.7%, 93.7%, and 95.6%, respectively. The use of coir pith charcoal could be an alternative source for the removal of chromium from chrome containing wastewater.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.56(1), 53-60, 2021
Changes in Cardiovascular Status and Serum Electrolyte Levels During Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
Authors: Chowdhury Anup Roy , Hooda Md Nurul , Islam Md Faisal , Chowdhury Md Moynul Hoque , Miah Latifur Rahman , Hasan Shahariar Md Kabir , Babul Safiul Alam , Khan Md Shariful Islam
Published: June 2022

Background: Due to advancement of endourology, percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a common procedure for removal of renal stones. Intravascular absorption of normal saline during the PCNL may result in fluid overload, electrolyte imbalance and cardiovascular instability.
Objective: To evaluate the changes in cardiovascular status and serum electrolyte levels in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Method: Sixty adults underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy were studied. Among them male female ratio was 13:7 and age ranging from 20-50 years. Heart rate, blood pressure and serum electrolytes were monitored before irrigation, during irrigation and post operatively. Stone size, duration of irrigation, volumes of irrigation fluid used and amount of absorption of irrigation fluid were recorded.
Result: The mean heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels were significantly higher (p<0.05) during PCNL compared to base line values. Serum sodium, potassium levels were decreased during the operation compared to the baseline levels (p < 0.005) but mean chloride concentration increased gradually compared to baseline but it was significantly higher at 120th min of irrigation and postoperatively (p<0.05). There was no significant change of serum bicarbonate concentration compared to base line value (p>0.05). The volume of irrigation fluid varied from 10000 ml to 24000 ml with mean volume 17045(±3383) ml. Total duration of irrigation varied from 30 min to 120 min. Total absorbed irrigant varied from 200-1000 ml with mean volume absorbed 526.27(±215) ml.
Conclusion: In conclusion, these changes in cardiovascular status and serum electrolyte levels during percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) may be due to the invasive nature of the intervention to the kidney and the continuous irrigation of this vital organ.
Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 22, No. 1, January 2019 p.3-7
Short Term Outcome of Dorsal Onlay Buccal Mucosa Graft for the Management of Bulbar Urethral Stricture
Authors: Miah Md Latifur Rahman , Chowdhuy Moynul Hoque , Chowdhuy Anup Roy , Alam Md Shawkat , Naser Md Fazal , Babul Md Safiul Alam
Published: June 2022

Objective: To assess the success of buccal mucosal graft (BMG) urethroplasty by the dorsal onlay technique in long anterior urethral stricture (> 2 cm long).
Method: This prospective interventional study was conducted in the Department of Urology, National Institute of Kidney Diseases and Urology, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka from January 2016 to December 2017 over a period of two years. Thirty three patients with primary and recurrent stricture of anterior urethra involving the bulbar urethra scheduled for single buccal mucosa graft urethroplasty were included in this study. Written consent was taken from each patient. Patients with stricture at posterior urethra or at distal penile urethra or stricture length <2 cm or above 6 cm were excluded from this study. Urethral malignancy cases were also excluded. All the patients were treated with dorsal onlay BMG urethroplasty.
Results: Maximum patients were more than 40 years old. Mean age was 44.42 ± 7.43 years. Maximum patients had stricture more than 3 cm long. Mean length of stricture was 3.14 ± 0.65 cm. Cause of stricture was inflammatory (42.4%), idiopathic (27.3%), traumatic (21.2%) and iatrogenic (9.1%). Regarding clinical presentation, Poor urinary stream was found in 30 (90.9%) patients, urethral discharge in 12 (36.4%) patients, LUTS in 25 (75.8) patients and acute urinary retention in 9 (27.3) patients. Baseline peak urinary flow rate was 9.59 ± 1.68 ml/s. Peak urinary flow rate after 3 months of operation was 16.50 ± 2.19 ml/s and after 6 months of operation was 18.33 ± 4.40 ml/s. Post operative voided urine volume after 3 months of operation was 253.21 ± 41.22 ml and after 6 months of operation was 301.21 ± 50.38 ml. UTI was 3 (9.09) after 3 months and 5 (15.15) after 6 months of operation. Recurrence of stricture was 3 (9.09) after 3 months and 4 (12.12) after 6 months of operation. Urethra was seen narrow in 4 (12.12%) cases after 3 months and 6 (18.18%) cases after 6 months of operation. Regarding complications, Bleeding was in 4 (12.12%) cases, dribbling of urine in 5 (15.15%) cases, wound infection in 2 (6.06%) cases and 3 (9.09%) cases.
Conclusion: Dorsal onlay BMG urethroplasty seems as an effective method for the management of long anterior urethral strictures.
Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 22, No. 1, January 2019 p.15-19
Intravesical Gemcitabine and Mitomycin C Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Non Muscle Invasive Transitional Cell Carcinoma of Urinary Bladder - a Randommized Clinical Trial
Authors: Alam Saruar , Morshed Selim , Uddin Sharif Mohammad Wasim , Saha Prodyut Kumae , Rahman Shafiqur , Sumee Rabeya Begum
Published: June 2022

Objective:To compare the efficacy of Gemcitabine and Mitomycin C in the treatment of non muscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder.
Methods: This study was a randomized clinical trial conducted between the periods of November’2013 to October’2014 in the Department of Urology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) The patients with histopathologicaly diagnosed as non muscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder after complete TURBT were included in the study. Total 54 patients were included in this study ( 27 patients in each group). Those treated with intravesical Gemcitabine were considered as experimental group and those treated with intravesical Mitomycin C (MMC) considered as control group. Intravesical Inj. Gemcitabine and Mitomycin C mg dissolved in 50 ml of normal saline and instilled into the urinary bladder through Foley urethral catheter in the considered group and kept for two hour after getting the histopathology report. Same schedule was maintained weekly for 6 weeks. All patients were followed up at 6 weeks after 1st cycle of intravesical instillation then 3 monthly for 1 year.
Result : Presence of recurrence of tumour was found non-significant in Gemcitabine and Mitomycin C group (18.5% vs. 40.7%, p= 0.074). Recurrence free survival was found 81.5% patients in Gemcitabine group and that of 59.3% patients in Mitomycin group. Though there was more recurrence free survival in gemcitabine group than mitomycin group, there was no statistically significant difference. Tumour grade progression was found in 20% and 27.3% cases in Gemcitabine and Mitomycin C group respectively. On the other hand, tumour stage progression was found 40.0% and 27.3% patients in Gemcitabine and Mitomycin C group respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed between Groups (P>0.05). Haematuria, dysuria, urinary frequency, urgency and contact dermatitis were found non-statistically significant in both groups.
Conclusion : Gemcitabine and Mitomycin C both drugs are effective as intravesical chemotherapy in the treatment of non muscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder and have a better recurrence free survival. But, accounting statistical significance on chemopreventive activity, neither Gemcitabine nor Mitomycin C therapy showed superiority over each other.
Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 22, No. 1, January 2019 p.25-29
Punch and Full-thickness Rectal Biopsy in Diagnosis of Hirschsprung’s Disease: A Comparative Study
Authors: Sattar Md Abdus , Alam Muhammad Rashedul , Rahman Md Rayhanur , Palit Poritosh Kumar , Haque Md Mahfuzul , Abedin Md Jainul , Islam M Kabirul , Aziz Md Abdul
Published: June 2022

Background: Hirschsprung’s disease is a common cause of neonatal & infantile intestinal obstruction. The confirmed diagnosis of HD depends on histopathological demonstration of the complete absence of ganglion cells with the presence of hypertrophied nerve fibers in the distal bowel. So, rectal biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis of HD no dought.

Objectives: This study is an attempt to see the comparision between punch and fullthickness rectal biopsy to find out a low cost, easily performed technique with accurate histopathological results for diagnosis of HD, specially for poor and developing countries of the world.

Methods: This was a cross sectional comparative study. Total 50 patients of suspected Hirschsprung’s disease were included in this study after fulfillment of inclusion criteria from November 2010 to March 2012 at Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Results: Out of 25 cases, 17 were diagnosed as having HD in punch biopsy but in case of full-thickness rectal biopsy out of 25 cases 20 were diagnosed as having HD. The sensitivity was 80% and positive predictive value was 94.11% of punch rectal biopsy in relation to full-thickness rectal biopsy. Operation time was less in punch rectal biopsy (14 minutes) than full-thickness rectal biopsy (20.5 minutes). Cost was less in punch rectal biopsy (1850 taka) than full-thickness rectal biopsy (3500 taka). Post procedure hemorrhage occurred 1 case in punch rectal biopsy, whereas 2 cases occurred in full-thickness rectal biopsy. No perforation occurred in case of punch biopsy but 1 case developed perforation in full-thickness rectal biopsy.

Conclusion: Punch rectal biopsy for diagnosis of HD is advantageous over fullthickness rectal biopsy in the form of less time, less cost, less complication but diagnostic efficacy is almost similar.

DS (Child) H J 2019; 35(1) : 42-47
Diffusion-thermo and heat source effects on the unsteady radiative MHD boundary layer slip flow past an infinite vertical porous plate
Authors: Malapati V. , Lakshmi D. V.
Published: June 2022

The heat and mass transfer characteristics of the nonlinear, unsteady, radiative MHD boundary layer slip flow of a chemically reacting fluid past an infinite vertical porous plate are taken into account in this study. The effect of physical parameters are accounted for two distinct types of thermal boundary conditions namely prescribed uniform wall temperature thermal boundary condition and prescribed heat flux thermal boundary condition. Exact solution of the governing equations for the fluid velocity, temperature and concentration are obtained by using two term perturbation technique subject to physically appropriate boundary conditions. The expressions of skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are also derived. The numerical values of fluid velocity, temperature and concentration are displayed graphically whereas those of shear stress, rate of heat transfer and rate of mass transfer at the plate are presented in tabular form for various values of pertinent flow parameters. Results are compared with the literature in the limiting case.
Unsteady boundary layer flow of Williamson nanofluids over a heated permeable stretching sheet embedded in porous medium in the presence of viscous dissipation
Authors: Hunegnaw H. D.
Published: June 2022

The main objective of this paper is to focus on a numerical study of unsteady boundary layer flow of Williamson Nanofluids over a heated permeable stretching sheet embedded in porous medium in the presence of viscous dissipation. A mathematical modeled which resembles the physical flow problem has been developed. By using an appropriate transformation, we converted the system of dimensional nonlinear partial differential equations into system of coupled dimensionless ordinary differential equations. Numerical solutions of these equations are obtained by Runge-Kutta fourth order with shooting method.  The velocity, temperature and concentration distributions are discussed numerically and presented through graphs. The numerical values of reduced skin-friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number at the plate are derived and discussed numerically for various values of physical parameters which are presented through tables. The present results have been compared with existing one for some limiting case and found excellent validation. It is analyzed that the reduced skin friction coefficient enhances with increasing values of an unsteady parameter, magnetic parameter and porosity parameter. In addition, we observe that decrement in velocity profile of the fluid flow is observed for increasing values of the non-Newtonian Williamson parameter and a rise in Eckert number leads to the enhancement of the temperature of the fluid in the thermal boundary layer.