bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neural activity during inhibitory control predicts suicidal ideation with machine learning
Authors: Nan Jason , Grennan Gillian , Ravichandran Soumya , Ramanathan Dhakshin , Mishra Jyoti
Published: July 2024

Suicide is a leading cause of death in the US and worldwide. Current strategies for preventing suicide are often focused on the identification and treatment of risk factors, especially suicidal ideation (SI). Hence, developing data-driven biomarkers of SI may be key for suicide prevention and intervention. Prior attempts at biomarker-based prediction models for SI have primarily used expensive neuroimaging technologies, yet clinically scalable and affordable biomarkers remain elusive. Here, we investigated the classification of SI using machine learning (ML) on a dataset of 76 subjects with and without SI(+/−) (n = 38 each), who completed a neuro-cognitive assessment session synchronized with electroencephalography (EEG). SI+/− groups were matched for age, sex, and mental health symptoms of depression and anxiety. EEG was recorded at rest and while subjects engaged in four cognitive tasks of inhibitory control, interference processing, working memory, and emotion bias. We parsed EEG signals in physiologically relevant theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8–13 Hz), and beta (13–30 Hz) frequencies and performed cortical source imaging on the neural signals. These data served as SI predictors in ML models. The best ML model was obtained for beta band power during the inhibitory control (IC) task, demonstrating high sensitivity (89%), specificity (98%). Shapley explainer plots further showed top neural predictors as feedback-related power in the visual and posterior default mode networks and response-related power in the ventral attention, fronto-parietal, and sensory-motor networks. We further tested the external validity of the model in an independent clinically depressed sample (n = 35, 12 SI+) that engaged in an adaptive test version of the IC task, demonstrating 50% sensitivity and 61% specificity in this sample. Overall, the study suggests a promising, scalable EEG-based biomarker approach to predict SI that may serve as a target for risk identification and intervention.
The tyrosine phosphatases LAR and PTPRδ act as receptors of the nidogen-tetanus toxin complex
Authors: Surana Sunaina , Villarroel-Campos David , Rhymes Elena R , Kalyukina Maria , Panzi Chiara , Novoselov Sergey S , Fabris Federico , Richter Sandy , Pirazzini Marco , Zanotti Giuseppe , Sleigh James N , Schiavo Giampietro
Published: July 2024

Tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) causes spastic paralysis by inhibiting neurotransmission in spinal inhibitory interneurons. TeNT binds to the neuromuscular junction, leading to its internalisation into motor neurons and subsequent transcytosis into interneurons. While the extracellular matrix proteins nidogens are essential for TeNT binding, the molecular composition of its receptor complex remains unclear. Here, we show that the receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatases LAR and PTPRδ interact with the nidogen-TeNT complex, enabling its neuronal uptake. Binding of LAR and PTPRδ to the toxin complex is mediated by their immunoglobulin and fibronectin III domains, which we harnessed to inhibit TeNT entry into motor neurons and protect mice from TeNT-induced paralysis. This function of LAR is independent of its role in regulating TrkB receptor activity, which augments axonal transport of TeNT. These findings reveal a multi-subunit receptor complex for TeNT and demonstrate a novel trafficking route for extracellular matrix proteins. Our study offers potential new avenues for developing therapeutics to prevent tetanus and dissecting the mechanisms controlling the targeting of physiological ligands to long-distance axonal transport in the nervous system.
Platelet transcription factors license the pro-inflammatory cytokine response of human monocytes
Authors: Hawwari Ibrahim , Rossnagel Lukas , Rosero Nathalia , Maasewerd Salie , Vasconcelos Matilde B , Jentzsch Marius , Demczuk Agnieszka , Teichmann Lino L , Meffert Lisa , Bertheloot Damien , Ribeiro Lucas S , Kallabis Sebastian , Meissner Felix , Arditi Moshe , Atici Asli E , Noval Rivas Magali , Franklin Bernardo S
Published: July 2024

In humans, blood Classical CD14+ monocytes contribute to host defense by secreting large amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Their aberrant activity causes hyper-inflammation and life-threatening cytokine storms, while dysfunctional monocytes are associated with ‘immunoparalysis’, a state of immune hypo responsiveness and reduced pro-inflammatory gene expression, predisposing individuals to opportunistic infections. Understanding how monocyte functions are regulated is critical to prevent these harmful outcomes. We reveal platelets’ vital role in the pro-inflammatory cytokine responses of human monocytes. Naturally low platelet counts in patients with immune thrombocytopenia or removal of platelets from healthy monocytes result in monocyte immunoparalysis, marked by impaired cytokine response to immune challenge and weakened host defense transcriptional programs. Remarkably, supplementing monocytes with fresh platelets reverses these conditions. We discovered that platelets serve as reservoirs of key cytokine transcription regulators, such as NF-κB and MAPK p38, and pinpointed the enrichment of platelet NF-κB2 in human monocytes by proteomics. Platelets proportionally restore impaired cytokine production in human monocytes lacking MAPK p38α, NF-κB p65, and NF-κB2. We uncovered a vesicle-mediated platelet-monocyte-propagation of inflammatory transcription regulators, positioning platelets as central checkpoints in monocyte inflammation.
Pharmacological Gq inhibition induces strong pulmonary vasorelaxation and reverses pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Seidinger Alexander , Roberts Richard , Bai Yan , Müller Marion , Pfeil Eva , Matthey Michaela , Rieck Sarah , Alenfelder Judith , König Gabriele M , Pfeifer Alexander , Kostenis Evi , Klinke Anna , Fleischmann Bernd K , Wenzel Daniela
Published: July 2024

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life-threatening disease with limited survival. Herein, we propose the pharmacological inhibition of Gq proteins as a novel concept to counteract pulmonary vasoconstriction and proliferation/migration of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) in PAH. We demonstrate that the specific pan-Gq inhibitor FR900359 (FR) induced a strong vasorelaxation in large and small pulmonary arteries in mouse, pig, and human subjects ex vivo. Vasorelaxation by FR proved at least as potent as the currently used triple therapy. We also provide in vivo evidence that local pulmonary application of FR prevented right ventricular systolic pressure increase in healthy mice as well as in mice suffering from hypoxia (Hx)-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH). In addition, we demonstrate that chronic application of FR prevented and also reversed Sugen (Su)Hx-induced PH in mice. We also demonstrate that Gq inhibition reduces proliferation and migration of PASMCs in vitro. Thus, our work illustrates a dominant role of Gq proteins for pulmonary vasoconstriction as well as remodeling and proposes direct Gq inhibition as a powerful pharmacological strategy in PH.
Explicating the effect of extraction methods on the techno-functional, structural, and in vitro prebiotic potential of soluble dietary fibers from mango and pomegranate peel
Authors: Bhatt Shriya , Gupta Mahesh
Published: July 2024

The study highlights the plausible role of extraction methods as an effective technique in augmenting the yield and overall properties of soluble dietary fiber, emphasising the valorisation of waste to value-added ingredients.
Green fluid—process in the synthesis of nanomaterials from supercritical water and their environmental applications
Authors: Wang Peiying , Su Wei , Xing Yi , Wang Jiaqing , Zhang Wenbo , Ma Mengying , Li Zijie , Ga Liang , Chen Xingyu
Published: July 2024

Nanomaterials are emerging as important contributors in various applications and can be used especially in environmental catalysis.
Investigation of etravirine uptake and distribution in single aortic endothelial cells in vitro using Raman imaging
Authors: Orleanska Jagoda , Wiecek Wiktoria , Majzner Katarzyna
Published: July 2024

Tracking ETV through Raman images reveals its concentration and incubation time-dependent uptake in HAEC cells, which leads to subsequent biochemical changes in endothelial cells.
Temperature-programmed reduction method for stabilization of the inorganic framework of SAPO-37 materials: promising catalysts for MTBE production
Authors: Khadheejath Shabana K. , Narendranath Soumya B. , Nimisha N. P. , Venkatesha N. J. , Sheetal G. , Sakthivel A.
Published: July 2024

Temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) is a new method of stabilising inorganic framework materials, viz., SAPO-37-type zeolite. The template could be converted into intermediate carbide species with metal ions.
Modulated synthesis of hcp MOFs for preferential CO2 capture
Authors: Zhang Jiaxi , Khan Mehak Nawaz , Hu Zhigang , Zou Jianxin
Published: July 2024

The elevated density of μ2-OH bridging groups serves as the primary CO2 sorption site in hcp UiO-66, which is different from that in fcu UiO-66.
Tuning the electronic properties of Zr UiO-66 through defect-functionalised multivariate modulation
Authors: Rosales-Martínez Carmen , Assis Marcelo , Castillo-Blas Celia , Abánades Lázaro Isabel
Published: July 2024

Increasing porosity and tuning electronic properties through multivariate modulation.
Electrochemical hydrocarboxylation of enol derivatives with CO2: access to β-acetoxycarboxylic acids
Authors: Ustyuzhanin Alexander O. , Bityukov Oleg V. , Sokolovskiy Pavel V. , Merkulova Valentina M. , Ilovaisky Alexey I. , He Liang-Nian , Vil’ Vera A. , Terent’ev Alexander O.
Published: July 2024

Electrolysis of enol acetates with CO2 yields β-acetoxycarboxylic acids, in contrast to electrolysis of ketones or silyl enol ethers.
Elucidation of factors shaping reactivity of 5′-deoxyadenosyl – a prominent organic radical in biology
Authors: Wojdyla Zuzanna , Maldonado-Domínguez Mauricio , Bharadwaz Priyam , Culka Martin , Srnec Martin
Published: July 2024

SAM enzymes harness inherent HAA activity of 5′dAdo˙ via in situ formation of the radical and by hindering its self-decay reactions.
Alignment transport between ultracold polar molecules
Authors: Smucker Jonathan , Pérez-Ríos Jesus
Published: July 2024

We propose an array of ultracold polar molecules as a platform to study alignment transport between molecules.
NaBa12(BO3)7F4 (NBBF) dichroic crystals: optical properties and dielectric permittivity
Authors: Bekker Tatyana B. , Khamoyan Avag G. , Davydov Alexey V. , Vedenyapin Vitaly N. , Yelisseyev Alexander P. , Vishnevskiy Andrey V.
Published: July 2024

Tetragonal crystals of NaBa12(BO3)7F4 grown from three different compositions in the BaO–BaF2–B2O3–Na2O system reveal striking differences in optical and dielectric properties. Dielectric permittivity of the crystals reaches 319(5).
Stable and efficient rare-earth free phosphors based on an Mg(ii) metal–organic framework for hybrid light-emitting diodes
Authors: Atoini Youssef , Cavinato Luca M. , Schmitt Jean-Louis , Van Opdenbosch Daniel , Costa Rubén D.
Published: July 2024

Stable and efficient green hybrid light-emitting diodes (HLEDs) were fabricated from a highly emissive Mg(ii)-tetraphenyl ethylene derivative metal–organic framework embedded in a polystyrene matrix (Mg-TBC MOF@PS).
Race towards net zero emissions (NZE) by 2050: reviewing a decade of research on hydrogen-fuelled internal combustion engines (ICE)
Authors: Ampah Jeffrey Dankwa , Jin Chao , Afrane Sandylove , Yusuf Abdulfatah Abdu , Liu Haifeng , Yao Mingfa
Published: July 2024

Hydrogen fuel offers promising decarbonization solutions for hard-to-abate transport sectors. In this review, we investigate the research trends and evolution in hydrogen-fuelled internal combustion engines (ICEs) over the last decade.
Highly effective and fast removal of bisphenol A from environmental samples using an eco-friendly surface molecularly imprinted polymer based on MIL-100(Fe)
Authors: Liu Yongli , Li Wanwan , Liu Lin , Chen Runan , Wang Li , Li Bin , Duan Ruijuan , Zhu Guifen
Published: July 2024

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor which poses serious threats to human health. An eco-friendly surface molecularly imprinted composite (MIL-100(Fe)@MIP) was fabricated in water and used for the rapid removal of BPA.
A biomimetic microfluidic chip based on the bubble filtration mechanism of stomatal pore membranes
Authors: Yin Wenhao , Ran Penghui , Yang Lixia , Peng Zhongyang , Jin Chunbo , Chen Li , Liu Chong , Li Jingmin
Published: July 2024

By studying the mechanism of bubble filtration by pit membranes, a cellulose-based hydrogel was used to form biomimetic pit membranes in a chip, mimicking plant pit membranes, and creating a biomimetic microfluidic chip capable of filtering bubbles.
A seed-like structured Mo@ZrS2 catalyst on graphene nanosheets for boosting the performance of rechargeable Zn–air batteries
Authors: Santhosh Kumar Ramasamy , Sayfiddinov Dilmurod , Tamilarasi S. , Yoo Dong Jin
Published: July 2024

A seed-like structured Mo@ZrS2 catalyst was synthesised on graphene nanosheets by a simple hydrothermal and annealing method to achieve the ORR and high performance Zn–air batteries.
Efficient detection of p-nitrophenol via a polypyrrole flower-decorated nickel foam-based electrochemical sensor
Authors: Lawaniya Shiv Dutta , Pandey Gaurav , Yu Yeontae , Awasthi Kamlendra
Published: July 2024

PPy flower/Ni foam-based electrode has been used for the selective detection of p-NP which showed linear detection of 0.01–20 nM, LOD of 7.18 pM and high sensitivity of 5.37 μA nM−1 cm−2.
Properties of silicon nanoparticles prepared by pulse discharge and ball milling
Authors: Yang Hong , Shang Hongyuan , Zhang Xiaoguang
Published: July 2024

During the pulse discharge process, bulk silicon materials vaporize at high temperatures to obtain micro nanoparticles with a certain amorphous structure. High degree of amorphization of silicon nanoparticles was obtained through ball milling.
Fostering inclusive learning: customized kits in chemistry education and their influence on self-efficacy, attitudes and achievements
Authors: Easa Enas , Blonder Ron
Published: July 2024

Inclusion of a diverse group of students, both regular learners and learners with special needs in chemistry classrooms is an important goal of chemistry educators. However, alternative conceptions in chemistry among high-school students can be a barrier for completing the learning process in the classroom, especially in a heterogeneous class. This study aimed to examine differentiated instruction (DI) in a chemistry classroom. We evaluated how customized pedagogical kits (CPKs) for DI, which aim to overcome alternative conceptions found during chemistry instruction, affected students and teachers. This paper presents the findings of a mixed-method study that was conducted with 9 high-school chemistry teachers, and 551 chemistry students. We used a pre-post questionnaire to investigate the impact of CPKs on teachers’ and students’ self-efficacy beliefs and attitudes towards chemistry and differentiated instruction, in addition to students’ achievements. The findings indicated the significantly higher averages of self-efficacy beliefs and attitudes towards DI in chemistry among teachers and high-school students, in addition to the significantly higher performance of students in chemistry tasks after implementing CPKs in classrooms. Being aware of the limitations of DI, we discussed customized pedagogical kits as a means that can support better inclusion in chemistry education.
Stable and accurate atomistic simulations of flexible molecules using conformationally generalisable machine learned potentials
Authors: Williams Christopher D. , Kalayan Jas , Burton Neil A. , Bryce Richard A.
Published: July 2024

We present a strategy for generating global machine learned potentials capable of accurate, fast and stable atomistic simulations of flexible molecules. Key to stability is training datasets that contain all conformers of the target molecule.
Flexible interactions of the rare-earth elements Y, La, and Lu with phosphorus in metallacyclohexane rings
Authors: Minko Yury , Fetrow Taylor V. , Sharma Shikha , Cashman Brenna K. , Tondreau Aaron M.
Published: July 2024

A new dianionic bis(amino)phosphine ligand was synthesized and the corresponding metallacyclohexane complexes of Y, La, and Lu were studied using NMR experiments.
Core-electron contributions to the magnetic response of molecules with heavy elements and their significance in aromaticity assessments
Authors: Orozco-Ic Mesías , Soriano-Agueda Luis , Sundholm Dage , Matito Eduard , Merino Gabriel
Published: July 2024

This study delves into the magnetic response of core electrons and their influence on the global magnetic response of planar and three-dimensional systems containing heavy elements, employing the removing valence electron (RVE) approximation.
Orbital electron delocalization of axial-coordinated modified FeN4 and structurally ordered PtFe intermetallic synergistically for efficient oxygen reduction reaction catalysis
Authors: Wu Chenzhong , Chen Meida , Wang Bin , Luo Leqing , Zhou Qian , Mao Guangtao , Xiong Yuan , Wang Qingmei
Published: July 2024

A harmonious axial-coordinated PtxFe/FeN4CCl catalyst was designed and fabricated by a simple method, integrating a structurally ordered PtFe intermetallic with an orbital electron-delocalization FeN4CCl support for synergistic ORR catalysis.
Stereoselective benzylic C(sp3)–H alkenylation enabled by metallaphotoredox catalysis
Authors: Li Yantao , Bai Haonan , Gao Qi , Liu Kai , Han Jie , Li Weipeng , Zhu Chengjian , Xie Jin
Published: July 2024

We report a site- and stereoselective benzylic C(sp3)–H alkenylation utilizing metallaphotoredox catalysis. In addition, enantioselective benzylic C(sp3)–H alkenylation can successfully produce highly enantioenriched tetrasubstituted olefins.
Boron-doped double [6]carbohelicenes: a combination of helicene and boron-doped π-systems
Authors: Liu Yujia , Yuan Liuzhong , Fan Zengming , Yang Jingyuan , Wang Yue , Dou Chuandong
Published: July 2024

Two boron-doped double [6]carbohelicenes were constructed via fusion of boron-doped π-systems onto helicenes, achieving a large topological size and robust amplified spontaneous emission performance.
Origin of the Felkin–Anh(–Eisenstein) model: a quantitative rationalization of a seminal concept
Authors: González-Pinardo Daniel , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias , Fernández Israel
Published: July 2024

The origin of the widely used Felkin–Anh(–Eisentein) model is quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of state-of-the-art computational methods.
Synthesis, crystal structure, and physical properties of the Eu(ii)-based selenide semiconductor: EuHfSe3
Authors: Jana Subhendu , O'Donnell Shaun , Leahy Ian A. , Koldemir Aylin , Pöttgen Rainer , Smaha Rebecca W. , Maggard Paul A.
Published: July 2024

A novel Eu(ii)-containing chalcogenide, EuHfSe3, has been synthesized with a structure that is found to exhibit intriguing and complex low-temperature magnetic behavior.
Emergent multi-field interaction in a magnetic quasi-two-dimensional WSe2/SrCoO2.5/2DEG heterojunction
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Xu Chenyu , Sun Guangyao , Li Kaifeng , Yang Hao , Liu Guozhen , Jiang Yucheng , Gao Ju , Lu Hao , Zhao Run , Tian Wei
Published: July 2024

A hybrid heterojunction integrates a magnetic SrCoO2.5 thin film into a p-WSe2/n-2DEG heterostructure, which displays a prominent self-excited charging behavior, magneto-optical encoding and photomagnetoresistance.
Single-membrane pH-decoupling aqueous batteries using proton-coupled electrochemistry for pH recovery
Authors: Xi Dawei , Yang Zheng , Alfaraidi Abdulrahman M. , Jing Yan , Gordon Roy G. , Aziz Michael J.
Published: July 2024

Proton-coupled electrochemical reactions as proton pumps can facilitate in situ or ex situ pH recovery and capacity rebalancing within single-membrane pH-decoupling batteries.
Segmented Frequency‐Domain Correlation Prediction Model for Long‐Term Time Series Forecasting Using Transformer
Authors: Tong Haozhuo , Kong Lingyun , Liu Jie , Gao Shiyan , Xu Yilu , Chen Yuezhe
Published: July 2024

Long‐term time series forecasting has received significant attention from researchers in recent years. Transformer model‐based approaches have emerged as promising solutions in this domain. Nevertheless, most existing methods rely on point‐by‐point self‐attention mechanisms or employ transformations, decompositions, and reconstructions of the entire sequence to capture dependencies. The point‐by‐point self‐attention mechanism becomes impractical for long‐term time series forecasting due to its quadratic complexity with respect to the time series length. Decomposition and reconstruction methods may introduce information loss, leading to performance bottlenecks in the models. In this paper, we propose a Transformer‐based forecasting model called NPformer. Our method introduces a novel multiscale segmented Fourier attention mechanism. By segmenting the long‐term time series and performing discrete Fourier transforms on different segments, we aim to identify frequency‐domain correlations between these segments. This allows us to capture dependencies more effectively. In addition, we incorporate a normalization module and a desmoothing factor into the model. These components address the problem of oversmoothing that arises in sequence decomposition methods. Furthermore, we introduce an isometry convolution method to enhance the prediction accuracy of the model. The experimental results demonstrate that NPformer outperforms other Transformer‐based methods in long‐term time series forecasting.
Observer‐based finite‐time time‐varying elliptical formation control of a group mobile mecanum‐wheeled omnidirectional vehicles for collaborative wildfire monitoring
Authors: Mawanza Joewell
Published: July 2024

This article addresses the issue of collaborative wildfire monitoring using a group mobile mecanum‐wheeled omnidirectional vehicles (MWOVs) affected by nonlinear uncertainties and external disturbances. By integrating finite‐time extended state observers (FTESO) and backstepping nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode (BNFTSM) control method, an observer‐based finite‐time time‐varying elliptical formation control scheme is proposed for a group of MWOVs tasked with monitoring the propagation of wildfires in an elliptical pattern. First, the FTESO is employed to estimate the unavailable velocity system states and the lumped disturbances. Then, a novel nonsingular fast terminal sliding surface, enhanced with an exponential term, is introduced to improve the convergence rate. Through the Lyapunov theorem, the convergence of position and velocity cooperative tracking errors to zero in fast finite‐time is demonstrated. To showcase the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme, comparative simulation results are presented.
High‐power mode‐hop‐free tunable DFB laser at 780 nm
Authors: Reggentin Matthias , Brox Olaf , Sammeta Poojitha , Casa Pietro Della , Stölmacker Christoph , Wenzel Sten , Koester Jan‐Philipp , Wenzel Hans , Knigge Andrea
Published: July 2024

A distributed feedback laser with integrated quarter‐wave phase shift and more than 100 mW optical output power at an emission wavelength of 780 nm is presented. The laser provides mode‐hop‐free tuning over a wide range of injections currents and operating temperatures by design and can serve as an enabling component for more complex systems such as chips with additional monolithically integrated amplifiers, chip arrays and sources for hybrid integrated photonic circuits.
Evaluating the insulation condition of oil‐impregnated paper bushings based on the time constant database
Authors: Taghizade Ansari Hossein , Vahedi Abolfazl , Mahmoudi Nami
Published: July 2024

Assessing the insulation condition of oil‐impregnated paper (OIP) bushings is necessary to guarantee the safe operation of power transformers. Moisture is the main threat to the insulation of OIP bushings. Therefore, accurately estimating their moisture value is crucial to keep power systems running smoothly. However, it has been suggested that the ageing status of OIP bushings should be considered while assessing the moisture. Dielectric frequency‐domain spectroscopy (FDS) has been extensively employed for assessing insulation condition of OIP insulations due to its benefits. A new approach was proposed to assess the insulation condition of OIP bushings using FDS results. Various OIP samples with various moisture levels and degrees of polymerisation (DP) were selected. The extended Debye model (EDM) parameters related to each sample were calculated using their tanδ − f curve. A time constant database (TCD) was created using the obtained time constants of EDM, which includes the dominant time constant and time constant related to the R0 – C0 branch, and their corresponding insulation condition. Then, a method was introduced based on the created TCD to estimate the insulation condition of OIP bushings. The results showed that the average relative error of moisture and DP estimation is 8.33% and 6.32%, respectively.
On the optimal game control in the DC microgrid systems
Authors: Mokhtarnejad Zahra , Nazarzadeh Jalal
Published: July 2024

This paper introduces static and dynamic competitive optimal control of DC/DC converters in DC microgrids based on game theory considering mutual effects. Using static and dynamic game theories, the conditions for competitive optimal control of DC/DC converters in Nash equilibrium with static and dynamic states are determined. Also, to reduce the complexity in the design of competitive optimal control of DC/DC converters due to the bilinear dynamic model of the system, generalized objective functions are considered. The competitive optimal controls using the Lyapunov and Riccati equations are determined to track the system trajectory to Nash equilibrium. Also, the numerical and experimental results are presented and compared in several cases. The results show that the competitive optimal control of the DC/DC converters in the DC microgrids can effectively improve the performance of the system.
Fault ride through enhancement of large‐scale solar plants using distributed converters
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Mohammad Hasan , Ghanbari Teymoor , Farjah Ebrahim , Mehraban Abbas
Published: July 2024

The grid‐connected photovoltaic plants (GCPVPs) encounter various types of anomalies during fault occurrence in the main grid. During a fault occurrence on the grid side, the voltage of the point of common coupling (PCC) drops, causing the DC connection voltage to become too high for power balancing. This high DC voltage may damage the inverter and DC link equipment, which necessitates a reliable control scheme with low voltage passage requirements. These requirements, which obligate the GCPVP to remain connected to the main grid during abnormal conditions are generally known as low voltage ride‐through (LVRT). Herein, a developed LVRT method in the control approach that injects maximum rated current during a sag is proposed to rectify the shortcomings in single and multi‐inverter grid topologies. The proposed approach utilizes a current limiter combined with a DC braking chopper to guarantee the GCPVP's continuous participation in the power supply. Different scenarios including low and high power generations as well as two‐phase and three‐phase severe faults to the ground are considered. The results show that the proposed approach not only improves the performance in the single‐inverter system but also remedies the defects aggravated in the case of a GCPVP with several inverters.
Energy‐based PINNs for solving coupled field problems: Concepts and application to the multi‐objective optimal design of an induction heater
Authors: Baldan Marco , Di Barba Paolo
Published: July 2024

Physics‐informed neural networks (PINNs) are neural networks (NNs) that directly encode model equations, like Partial Differential Equations (PDEs), in the network itself. While most of the PINN algorithms in the literature minimize the local residual of the governing equations, there are energy‐based approaches that take a different path by minimizing the variational energy of the model. It is shown that in the case of the steady thermal equation weakly coupled to magnetic equation, the energy‐based approach displays multiple advantages compared to the standard residual‐based PINN: it is more computationally efficient, it requires a lower order of derivatives to compute, and it involves less hyperparameters. The analyzed benchmark problems are the single‐ and multi‐objective optimal design of an inductor for the controlled heating of a graphite plate. The optimized device is designed by involving a multi‐physics problem: a time‐harmonic magnetic problem and a steady thermal problem. For the former, a deep neural network solving the direct problem is supervisedly trained on Finite Element Analysis (FEA) data. In turn, the solution of the latter relies on a hypernetwork that takes as input the inductor geometry parameters and outputs the model weights of an energy‐based PINN (or ePINN). Eventually, the ePINN predicts the temperature field within the graphite plate.
Elliptic tangent imaging method for layered plate interfacial defects based on non-dispersive guided waves
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Li Bing , Zhang Yunfei
Published: July 2024

Layered structures play an increasingly pivotal role in diverse fields such as aerospace, pipeline transportation, and petrochemical engineering. However, defects situated at the interfaces between layers pose a challenge for conventional Non-Destructive testing (NDT) methods, impeding accurate imaging. This research introduces the elliptic tangent imaging method based on interface wave modes to visualize interfacial defects within layered structures. The interface wave mode, characterized by high-frequency non-dispersive traits, facilitates precise localization of defects. Its energy concentration in the interface enhances sensitivity to interfacial defects. The elliptic tangent imaging method proposed in this paper capitalizes on the transmission coefficients of the oblique incidence technique for surface waves, enabling the concurrent determination of defect location and orientation using one pair of transducers. The application of the orthogonal matched pursuit algorithm for sparse representation of the raw signal further enhances positioning accuracy. This paper establishes an automatic detection system for interface waves, demonstrating swift transducer switching. Experimental validation of wave velocity aligns closely with theoretical calculations. In experiments focusing on interfacial defect imaging in bilayer aluminum-steel plates, the system exhibits the capability to accurately depict interfacial defects with varying orientations.
Leserbrief zum Beitrag „Die Energiebilanz charakterisiert Adipositas,
sie erklärt sie aber nicht und sie ermöglicht keine Strategie für eine
nachhaltige Behandlung“
Authors: Wirth Alfred
Published: July 2024

Die Überschrift des Beitrags hat mich herausgefordert, vielleicht nicht nur mich, was
die Autor*innen möglicherweise intendiert haben. Sie schreiben „Die Energiebilanz
charakterisiert Adipositas […]“ 1. Was ist
gemeint? „Charakterisiert“ wird in der Regel oft etwas, bevor es definiert wird. Aus
anthropometrischen und Morbiditätsdaten von vielen Personen wurden adipöse Personen
charakterisiert, danach wurde die Adipositas definiert. Mit Energiebilanz hat das
nichts zu tun.
E-Health-basiertes individualisiertes Stufenmodell zur Prävention und
Therapie von Adipositas im Kindes- und Jugendalter – die
STARKIDS-Studie
Authors: Erschens Rebecca , Junne Florian , Ehehalt Stefan , Giel Katrin , Zipfel Stephan , Ziser Katrin ,   das STARKIDS-Konsortium
Published: July 2024

Ziel der Studie Übergewicht und Adipositas im Kindes- und Jugendalter sind
ein weltweites Gesundheitsproblem. Für die Behandlung fehlt es in Deutschland
bislang an flächendeckenden, strukturierten und leitliniengerechten ambulanten
Versorgungsangeboten. Diese Versorgungslücke möchte die vorliegende Studie
weiter schließen.

Methodik Das hier neu vorgestellte Behandlungskonzept STARKIDS hat zum
Ziel, Kinder und Jugendliche mit Übergewicht und Adipositas und deren Familien
für eine gesunde Gewichtsentwicklung zu stärken. Familien nehmen dabei an dem
eineinhalbjährigen onlinegestützten Schulungsprogramm teil und erfahren in fünf
bzw. sechs Präsenzschulungen Wissenswertes zu den Themen Ernährung, Bewegung,
Medienkonsum und Familienleben. Die begleitende Online-Plattform ermöglicht die
Vertiefung der Inhalte mithilfe von Reflexionen, serious games, Umsetzungshilfen
im Alltag und weiteren Ressourcen. Die Effektivität des Programms wird in einer
clusterrandomisierten kontrollierten Studie untersucht.

Ergebnisse Zwischen April 2022 und Juni 2023 konnten N=581 Familien
aus 70 Kinder- und Jugendarzt- bzw. Hausarztpraxen eingeschlossen werden, deren
Daten zur Auswertung zur Verfügung stehen. Erste Ergebnisse der
Prozessevaluation bieten Einblicke in die Erfahrungen und Perspektiven der
Teilnehmer*innen, die die positive Resonanz auf das STARKIDS-Programm
unterstreicht.

Schlussfolgerung STARKIDS zielt auf eine gesunde Gewichtsentwicklung von
Kindern und Jugendlichen ab. Dadurch soll langfristig ihre Lebensqualität und
soziale Teilhabe erhöht und das Risiko für Folge- und Begleiterkrankungen
gesenkt werden. Es wird vorgeschlagen, dass diese neue Versorgungsform in die
Regelversorgung der gesetzlichen Krankenkassen übernommen wird, um Familien mit
übergewichtigen Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland den dringend benötigten
wohnortnahen, flächendeckenden Zugang zu einer leitlinienbasierten Therapie zu
ermöglichen und um die hohen Gesundheitskosten, die durch Übergewicht und seine
Begleit- und Folgeerkrankungen entstehen, zu senken.
Offene Frakturen der Hand – Ist die definitive osteosynthetische
Versorgung in der Notfallsituation alternativlos?
Authors: Vergote Daniel , Mentzel Martin , Bauknecht Simon , Moeller Richard-Tobias
Published: July 2024

Für die Behandlung offener Frakturen besteht eine Notfallindikation.
Frakturstabilisierung und Versorgung des Weichgewebes bilden gleichermaßen die
Voraussetzung für einen komplikationslosen Behandlungsverlauf und ein gutes
funktionelles Ergebnis. In der Regel erfolgt die operative Versorgung innerhalb
der ersten sechs Stunden nach dem Trauma. Eine starke Verschmutzung der Wunde
und eine kritische Perfusion limitieren die Möglichkeiten übungsstabiler
Osteosynthesen in der Notfallsituation. Darüber hinaus kann unter begrenzten
Ressourcen auch das Zeitfenster von sechs Stunden zur Herausforderung werden.
Daher stellt sich die Frage, ob unter gewissen Kautelen vom klassischen
Procedere dahingehend abgewichen werden kann, dass primär notfallmäßig nur eine
chirurgische Wundversorgung vorgenommen wird und die definitive
Frakturversorgung zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt erfolgt. Zwischen 2019 und 2021
wurden 301 Patienten mit offenen Frakturen des Handskeletts behandelt
(Altersmedian 44 Jahre, 85% m, 15% w). Bei 215 Patienten erfolgte die definitive
Versorgung notfallmäßig primär (Kollektiv A), bei 86 Patienten im Intervall nach
durchschnittlich 3 Tagen (Kollektiv B), nachdem am Unfalltag eine chirurgische
Wundversorgung, Schienenanlage und antibiotische Abdeckung vorgenommen worden
war. In einer retrospektiven Studie wurden folgende Kriterien analysiert:
Komorbiditäten, Verletzungsmuster, Lokalisation der Verletzung, Zeitpunkt der
Versorgung, Anzahl der Folgeeingriffe, Infektionsrate, Dauer der stationären
Behandlung. Bei sechs Patienten (1,9%) war der Verlauf durch eine Infektion
verkompliziert. Fünf Patienten gehörten dem Kollektiv A an (Infektrate 2,3%) und
nur ein Patient dem Kollektiv B (Infektrate 1,1%). Alle sechs Infektionen traten
nach Quetschverletzungen auf, alle am Endglied bzw. Endgelenk. Diese Zahlen
unterstreichen die Bedeutung des Weichgewebstraumas und einer primären
Stumpfbildung. Komorbiditäten waren in unserer Studie hinsichtlich eines
Infektgeschehens statistisch nicht von Bedeutung. Zusammenfassend kann
festgestellt werden, dass unter Antibiotikaschutz die definitive Versorgung
einer offenen Fraktur im Intervall möglich ist, wenn notfallmäßig primär eine
chirurgische Wundversorgung mit nachfolgender Ruhigstellung erfolgt.
Der Einfluss gesetzlicher Dokumentationsanforderungen auf die ärztliche Praxis am Beispiel eines regionalen Schwerpunktkrankenhauses: eine Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Schröder Guido , Pawliczek Luisa , Glass Änne , Schober Hans-Christof
Published: July 2024

Hintergrund Ärztinnen und Ärzte kritisieren die Arbeitsbedingungen in deutschen Krankenhäusern. Sie beklagen insbesondere lange Arbeitszeiten, eine unzureichende Entlohnung für ihre Arbeit, mangelnde Fort- und Weiterbildung sowie einen zunehmenden Zeitaufwand für Verwaltungsaufgaben. Da es sich bei diesen Kritikpunkten um überwiegend subjektive Wahrnehmungen handelt, wurden in dieser Studie die Arbeitsabläufe von Ärztinnen und Ärzten in einem regionalen deutschen Schwerpunktkrankenhaus feinskalig dokumentiert, die zugehörigen Arbeitszeiten gemessen und anschließend statistisch ausgewertet.

Methoden Neun Ärztinnen und Ärzte aus den Fachrichtungen Innere Medizin, Chirurgie und Anästhesie/Intensivmedizin wurden während ihrer Schichten in einem städtischen deutschen Krankenhaus insgesamt 216 Stunden lang beobachtet. Alle von den Ärztinnen und Ärzten durchgeführten Arbeitsschritte wurden mit einem Beobachtungsprotokoll aufgezeichnet.

Ergebnisse Die tägliche Dokumentationszeit aller Fachgruppen betrug im Durchschnitt mit 93,1 ± 23,4 Minuten 19,4 % der ärztlichen Zeit, wobei für Internistinnen und Internisten mit 120,2 ± 15,0 der größte Zeitaufwand (25 %) anfällt. Die Computernutzung während eines achtstündigen Arbeitstages lag im Durchschnitt bei 123,5 ± 44,4 Minuten, wobei Chirurginnen und Chirurgen mit 71,5 ± 16,6 die kürzesten PC-Zeiten haben. Die direkte patientenbezogene Arbeitszeit (ohne OP-Zeit) lag mit 33,8 ± 22,7 Minuten (7 %) deutlich unter der täglichen Dokumentationszeit (93,1 Minuten), war jedoch unter Einbeziehung chirurgischer Operationstätigkeiten mit 80,7 ± 62,9 Minuten vergleichbar mit dem Dokumentationsaufwand.

Diskussion Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Studie wurde in einem Pilotansatz zum ersten Mal der Arbeitsablauf von Ärztinnen und Ärzten unterschiedlicher Fachrichtungen in einem deutschen Krankenhaus in Echtzeit untersucht. Erkannt wurde ein Missverhältnis zwischen administrativen und patientennahen Tätigkeiten im stationären Sektor. Gesetzliche und wirtschaftliche Rahmenbedingungen beeinflussen die medizinische Versorgung ferner negativ. Es ist notwendig, Lösungsstrategien zu entwickeln, um die ärztlichen Ressourcen effektiv zu nutzen und eine hohe Versorgungsqualität sicherzustellen.
Loop9 closure technique for mucosal defects after colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (with video)
Authors: Tanabe Mayo , Inoue Haruhiro , Shimamura Yuto , Toshimori Akiko , Navarro Marc Julius Hernandez , Fujiyoshi Yusuke , Fujiyoshi Mary Raina Angeli , Shiomi Daijiro , Kishi Yumi , Ushikubo Kei , Nishikawa Yohei , Onimaru Manabu , Ito Takayoshi , Uragami Naoyuki , Yokoyama Noboru
Published: July 2024

Background and study aims Mucosal defect closure after colorectal
endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has the potential to reduce the occurrence of delayed
adverse events (AEs) such as bleeding and perforation. This study aimed to assess the
feasibility and effectiveness of the Loop9 method for closing mucosal defects following
colorectal ESD.

Patients and methods A retrospective single-center study was
conducted using prospectively collected data from May 2020 to March 2023. Loop9 was deployed
through a single instrument channel and anchored with clips at the defect site. Closure was
accomplished by tightening the loop and deploying additional conventional clips as needed for
complete closure. The primary outcome was complete closure rate, with secondary outcomes
including the sustained closure rate at 4 to 5 days post-ESD, closed defect size, closure
time, number of additional clips, and incidence of delayed AEs.

Results This study included 118 cases. Complete closure was
achieved in 96.6% of cases (114/118) with a sustained closure rate of 93.9% (107/114). The
median size of the closed mucosal defects was 30 mm (interquartile range [IQR]: 25–38, range:
15–74). The median closure time was 14 minutes (IQR: 11.25–17), and the median number of
additional clips deployed was six (IQR: 4–7). Stenosis requiring balloon dilatation was
observed in one patient; however, there were no instances of post-ESD bleeding or delayed
perforation.

Conclusions The Loop9 method proved feasible and effective for
closing mucosal defects following colorectal ESD, achieving high rates of complete and
sustained closure.
Regional-based static and dynamic alterations in Alzheimer disease: a longitudinal study
Authors: Usha Kuppe Channappa , Suma Honnenahally Ningappa , Appaji Abhishek
Published: July 2024

Background Alzheimer disease (AD) leads to cognitive decline and alters functional connectivity (FC) in key brain regions. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) assesses these changes using static-FC for overall correlation and dynamic-FC for temporal variability.

Objective In AD, there is altered FC compared to normal conditions. The present study investigates possible region-specific functional abnormalities occurring longitudinally over 1 year. Our aim is to evaluate the potential usefulness of the static and dynamic approaches in identifying biomarkers of AD progression.

Methods The study involved 15 AD and 20 healthy participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 2 (ADNI2) database, tracked over 2 visits within 1 year. Using constrained-independent component analysis, we assessed FC changes across 80-regions of interest in AD over the year, examining both static and dynamic conditions.

Results The average regional FC decreased in AD compared to healthy subjects at baseline and after 1 year. The dynamic condition identifies similarities with a few additional changes in the FC compared to the static condition. In both analyses, the baseline assessment revealed reduced connectivity between the following regions: right-middle-occipital and left-superior-occipital, left-hippocampus and right-postcentral, left-lingual and left-fusiform, and precuneus and left-thalamus. Additionally, increased connectivity was found between the left-superior-occipital and precuneus regions. In the 1-year AD assessment, increased connectivity was noted between the right-superior-temporal-pole and right-insular, right-hippocampus and left-caudate, right-middle-occipital and right-superior-temporal-pole, and posterior-cingulate-cortex and middle-temporal-pole regions.

Conclusion Significant changes were observed at baseline in the frontal, occipital, and core basal-ganglia regions, progressing towards the temporal lobe and subcortical regions in the following year. After 1 year, we observed the aforementioned region-specific neurological differences in AD, significantly aiding diagnosis and disease tracking.
The tontine and the public sphere: Ireland and Scotland compared, 1772–1850
Authors: McDiarmid Andrew
Published: July 2024

Recently, there has been a surge of interest in tontines, including their history and potential modern applications. While scholarly work has focussed on how tontines were organised, nominee selection, and the use of raised funds, little attention has been paid to their cultural impact. This article starts to address this gap by comparing tontine development in Ireland and Scotland, where the scheme was more than a revenue-raising tool. In these countries, it contributed to the public sphere through broad public discourse in newspapers and pamphlets and by raising funds for spaces including meeting rooms, coffeehouses, theatres, and hotels. The tontine’s influence in these regions therefore extended beyond the financial.
‘Chile woke up’ (and I can fall asleep no more): The fantasmatic organisation of the desire for change
Authors: Sánchez Gustavo
Published: July 2024

In this article, I adopt the psychoanalytic notion of fantasy to challenge mainstream conceptualisations of the desire for social change. Recent anti-neoliberal uprisings across the world have been interpreted as expressions of the vitalist force of bodies beyond symbolic mediation. This obfuscates the ambivalent unconscious dynamics in the identification with emancipatory events. To counter this, I develop a psychoanalytic conceptualisation of the desire for change. I show the benefits of my approach through an empirical interpretation of the fantasmatic organisation of this desire in the context of the 2019 Chile revolt. By questioning the alleged straightforwardness of the desire for change, my study contributes to a more nuanced approach to emancipatory events.
Sands Through the Hourglass
Authors: Ikenson Ben
Published: July 2024

Providing insights into relationships between wave activity and coastline dune erosion
The relationship between clustering and networked Turing patterns
Authors: Luo Xiaofeng , Sun Guiquan , He Runzi , Jin Zhen , Asamoah Joshua Kiddy K. , Xue Yakui , Chang Lili
Published: July 2024

Networked Turing patterns often manifest as groups of nodes distributed on either side of the homogeneous equilibrium, exhibiting high and low density. These pattern formations are significantly influenced by network topological characteristics, such as the average degree. However, the impact of clustering on them remains inadequately understood. Here, we investigate the relationship between clustering and networked Turing patterns using classical prey–predator models. Our findings reveal that when nodes of high and low density are completely distributed on both sides of the homogeneous equilibrium, there is a linear decay in Turing patterns as global clustering coefficients increase, given a fixed node size and average degree; otherwise, this linear decay may not always hold due to the presence of high-density nodes considered as low-density nodes. This discovery provides a qualitative assessment of how clustering coefficients impact the formation of Turing patterns and may contribute to understanding why using refuges in ecosystems could enhance the stability of prey–predator systems. The results link network topological structures with the stability of prey–predator systems, offering new insights into predicting and controlling pattern formations in real-world systems from a network perspective.
Design and optimization of microchannel for enhancement of the intensity of induced signal in particle/cell impedance measurement
Authors: Guo Yuanyuan , Ye Haisheng , Huang Liang
Published: July 2024

The measured impedance signal of a single particle or cell in a microchannel is of the μA level, which is a challenge for measuring such weak signals. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the intensity for expanding the applications of impedance measurement. In this paper, we analyzed the impact of geometric parameters of microchannel on output signal intensity by using the three-dimensional finite element method. In comparison to conventional microchannels, which are distributed at a uniform height, the microchannels in this design use the height difference to enhance the signal intensity. By analyzing the effects of the geometric dimensions of the constriction channel, main channel height, radius of particles, types of cells, shapes of particles with different ellipticities, and particles spacing on the current signal, we concluded the optimal dimensions of these parameters to improve the intensity of the induced current signal. Through the fabrication of the optimized size of device and experimental demonstration, it is verified that the current signal intensity caused by the particle with a diameter of 10 µm is nearly twice that of the conventional structure with a height of 20 µm, which proves the correctness of the optimization results and the feasibility of this work. In addition, the performance of the device was verified by measuring the mixtures of different size particles as well as non-viable and viable yeast cells.