bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metataxonomic Analysis of Individuals at BMI Extremes and Monozygotic Twins Discordant for BMI
Authors: Finnicum Casey T. , Doornweerd Stieneke , Dolan Conor V. , Luningham Justin M. , Beck Jeffrey J. , Willemsen Gonneke , Ehli Erik A. , Boomsma Dorret I. , Ijzerman Richard G. , Davies Gareth E. , de Geus Eco J. C.
Published: May 2018

Objective: The human gut microbiota has been demonstrated to be associated with a number of host phenotypes, including obesity and a number of obesity-associated phenotypes. This study is aimed at further understanding and describing the relationship between the gut microbiota and obesity-associated measurements obtained from human participants. Subjects/Methods: Here, we utilize genetically informative study designs, including a four-corners design (extremes of genetic risk for BMI and of observed BMI; N = 50) and the BMI monozygotic (MZ) discordant twin pair design (N = 30), in order to help delineate the role of host genetics and the gut microbiota in the development of obesity. Results: Our results highlight a negative association between BMI and alpha diversity of the gut microbiota. The low genetic risk/high BMI group of individuals had a lower gut microbiota alpha diversity when compared to the other three groups. Although the difference in alpha diversity between the lean and heavy groups of the BMI-discordant MZ twin design did not achieve significance, this difference was observed to be in the expected direction, with the heavier participants having a lower average alpha diversity. We have also identified nine OTUs observed to be associated with either a leaner or heavier phenotype, with enrichment for OTUs classified to the Ruminococcaceae and Oxalobacteraceae taxonomic families. Conclusion: Our study presents evidence of a relationship between BMI and alpha diversity of the gut microbiota. In addition to these findings, a number of OTUs were found to be significantly associated with host BMI. These findings may highlight separate subtypes of obesity, one driven by genetic factors, the other more heavily influenced by environmental factors.
Dynamic Pore‐Scale Model of Drainage in Granular Porous Media: The Pore‐Unit Assembly Method
Authors: Sweijen Thomas , Hassanizadeh S. Majid , Chareyre Bruno , Zhuang Luwen
Published: May 2018

Dynamics of drainage is analyzed for packings of spheres, using numerical experiments. For this purpose, a dynamic pore‐scale model was developed to simulate water flow during drainage. The pore space inside a packing of spheres was extracted using regular triangulation, resulting in an assembly of grain‐based tetrahedra. Then, pore units were constructed by identifying and merging tetrahedra that belong to the same pore, resulting in an assembly of pore units. Each pore unit was approximated by a volume‐equivalent regular shape (e.g., cube and octahedron), for which a local capillary pressure‐saturation relationship was obtained. To simulate unsaturated flow, a pore‐scale version of IMPES (implicit pressure solver and explicit saturation update) was employed in order to calculate pressure and saturation distributions as a function of time for the assembly of pore units. To test the dynamic model, it was used on a packing of spheres to reproduce the corresponding measured quasi‐static capillary pressure‐saturation curve for a sand packing. Calculations were done for a packing of spheres with the same grain size distribution and porosity as the sand. We obtained good agreement, which confirmed the ability of the dynamic code to accurately describe drainage under low flow rates. Simulations of dynamic drainage revealed that drainage occurred in the form of finger‐like infiltration of air into the pore space, caused by heterogeneities in the pore structure. During the finger‐like infiltration, the pressure difference between air and water was found to be significantly higher than the capillary pressure. Furthermore, we tested the effects of the averaging, boundary conditions, domain size, and viscosity on the dynamic flow behavior. Finally, the dynamic coefficient was determined and compared to experimental data.
Interaction Between Fluid and Porous Media with Complex Geometries: A Direct Pore‐Scale Study
Authors: Fagbemi Samuel , Tahmasebi Pejman , Piri Mohammad
Published: May 2018

Effect of boundary stress on permeability in porous media at pore‐scale is investigated by means of numerical methods for computing deformation of rock material in the presence of pore fluid. We implement a partitioned, strongly coupled solver for transient fluid‐solid simulations with independent conformed interface meshes for the fluid and solid domains. Fluid flow and solid computations were performed using the finite element method. External load is prescribed along the solid boundary in gradual steps to examine the extent of pore‐scale deformation along internal grain walls while applying a fixed constraint at the opposite end to ensure uniform stress distribution across the media. Hydrodynamic interactions between the pore walls and the matrix leading to interface displacements by fluid viscous forces are also investigated by examining fluid flow with different combinations of Reynolds number. Coupling is achieved via traction and displacements boundary conditions at the interface with respect to Lagrangian coordinates. The role of particle shape in the matrix deformation process is also considered in this paper. In order to examine the how particle shape affects local affects local permeability/stress, we examine fluid movement based on varying Reynolds numbers in Berea sandstone obtained from Micro‐CT image scans at high resolution, and artificially constructed random polydisperse 3‐D sphere packs. It was found that permeability alteration under the influence of uniaxial stress was more in the sandstone sample than in the sphere‐pack and that the sphere‐pack deformed less than the actual sample due to pore geometry, surface smoothness, and homogeneity.
A Lumped Bubble Capacitance Model Controlled by Matrix Structure to Describe Layered Biogenic Gas Bubble Storage in Shallow Subtropical Peat
Authors: Chen Xi , Comas Xavier , Binley Andrew , Slater Lee
Published: May 2018

Methane (CH4) accumulates in the gaseous phase in peat soils, being released to the atmosphere at rates higher than those for diffusion and plant‐mediated pathways. An understanding of the mechanisms regulating gas bubble storage in peat remains incomplete. We developed a layered capacitance model to compare the bubble storage ability of peat over different depths. A peat monolith (0.395 m × 0.243 m × 0.247 m) was collected from the U.S. Everglades and kept submerged for 102 days from a condition of minimum bubble storage to bubble saturation. Time‐lapse electromagnetic wave velocity and power spectrum data were used to estimate changes in both gas content and relative average dimensions of stored bubbles with depth. Bubble capacitance, defined as the increase in volumetric gas content (m3 m−3) divided by the corresponding pressure (Pa), ranges from 3.3 × 10−4 to 6.8 × 10−4 m3 m−3 Pa−1, with a maximum at 5.5 cm depth Bubbles in this hotspot were larger relative to those in deeper layers, while the decomposition degree of the upper layers was generally smaller than that of the lower layers. X‐ray computed tomography on peat sections identified a specific depth with a low void ratio, and likely regulating bubble storage. Our results suggest that bubble capacitance is related to (1) the difference in size between bubbles and peat pores, and (2) the void ratio. Our work suggests that changes in bubble size associated with variations in water level driven by climate change will modify bubble storage in peat soils.
Efficient conversion of lignin into a water-soluble polymer by a chelator-mediated Fenton reaction: optimization of H2O2use and performance as a dispersant
Authors: Kent Michael S. , Zeng Jijiao , Rader Nadeya , Avina Isaac C. , Simoes Casey T. , Brenden Christopher K. , Busse Michael L. , Watt John , Giron Nicholas H. , Alam Todd M. , Allendorf Mark D. , Simmons Blake A. , Bell Nelson S. , Sale Kenneth L.
Published: May 2018

Transforming lignin into a water-soluble polymer.
Fluorescence quenching by lipid encased nanoparticles shows that amyloid-β has a preferred orientation in the membrane
Authors: Chandra Bappaditya , Maity Barun Kumar , Das Anirban , Maiti Sudipta
Published: May 2018

Short range plasmonic fields around a nanoparticle can modulate fluorescence or Raman processes.
A chemically encoded timer for dual molecular delivery at tailored ranges and concentrations
Authors: Serra Silvia , Alouane Ahmed , Le Saux Thomas , Huvelle Steve , Plasson Raphaël , Schmidt Frédéric , Jullien Ludovic , Labruère Raphaël
Published: May 2018

Spatiotemporally controlled dual delivery: a small molecular timer was designed to release two chemicals at programmed intervals, which could be tuned in a wide range.
Crystallization kinetics of Na2CO3 in Bayer aluminate solutions during the evaporation process
Authors: Guo Tao , You Shaowei , Yang Bo , Cao Shaotao , Zhang Yi
Published: May 2018

A typical population density distribution curve of Na2CO3 crystals was obtained from the particle size distribution (PSD) of crystals in the MSMPR crystallizer, which was used to acquire the kinetic parameters of Na2CO3 crystals during the evaporation of the caustic liquor.
From diiodo Tröger's bases towards halogen-bonded porous organic crystalline materials
Authors: González Lucía , Graus Sara , Tejedor Rosa María , López Pilar , Elguero José , Serrano José Luis , Uriel Santiago
Published: May 2018

Diiodo Tröger's base derivatives proved to be self-complementary tectons that are particularly suitable for the formation of porous supramolecular structures by halogen bonding.
TEMPO-oxidised cellulose nanofibrils; probing the mechanisms of gelationviasmall angle X-ray scattering
Authors: Schmitt Julien , Calabrese Vincenzo , da Silva Marcelo A. , Lindhoud Saskia , Alfredsson Viveka , Scott Janet L. , Edler Karen J.
Published: May 2018

The structure of dispersions of TEMPO-oxidised cellulose nanofibrils at various concentrations, in water and in NaCl aqueous solutions, was probed using small angle X-ray scattering and results were compared with rheology.
Amorphous phase state diagrams and viscosity of ternary aqueous organic/organic and inorganic/organic mixtures
Authors: Marsh Aleksandra , Petters Sarah Suda , Rothfuss Nicholas Ernest , Rovelli Grazia , Song Young Chul , Reid Jonathan Philip , Petters Markus Dirk
Published: May 2018

A Dimer Coagulation, Isolation and Coalescence (DCIC) technique is used to probe the phase behaviour and glass transition temperatures of ternary aerosol mixtures.
Explosion limits of hydrogen–oxygen mixtures from nonequilibrium critical points
Authors: Newcomb Lucas B. , Marucci Michael E. , Green Jason R.
Published: May 2018

All three explosion limits of hydrogen oxidation are nonequilibrium critical points that terminate the coexistence of slow-burning and autoigniting dynamical phases.
On the mechanism of spontaneous thiol–disulfide exchange in proteins
Authors: Putzu Marina , Gräter Frauke , Elstner Marcus , Kubař Tomáš
Published: May 2018

Free energy surfaces from QM/MM metadynamics on model peptides will be a basis to build reactive force field for reaction in proteins.
Physical model for temperature-dependent dielectric properties of anisotropic nematic liquid crystals
Authors: Ranjkesh Amid , Moghadam Mohammad , Choi Jun-Chan , Kim Byeonggon , Ko JeongHoon , Zakerhamidi Mohammad Sadegh , Kim Hak-Rin
Published: May 2018

We derived a new analytic physical model for describing the temperature-dependent dielectric permittivitiesεe(T) andεo(T) in anisotropic mesophase molecules of nematic liquid crystals (NLCs).
Dihydrochalcone molecules destabilize Alzheimer's amyloid-β protofibrils through binding to the protofibril cavity
Authors: Jin Yibo , Sun Yunxiang , Lei Jiangtao , Wei Guanghong
Published: May 2018

Dihydrochalcone molecules destabilize Aβ17–42protofibrils by disrupting the N-terminal β1 region and the turn region through binding to the protofibril cavity.
Intrinsic charge-mobility in benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (BTBT) organic semiconductors is enhanced with long alkyl side-chains
Authors: Alkan M. , Yavuz I.
Published: May 2018

Longer alkyl side-chains in BTBTs regulate structural order, cause balanced transport and lead to enhanced intrinsic charge-carrier mobility.
Mechanistic investigations of the Au catalysed C–H bond activations in on-surface synthesis
Authors: Niu Kaifeng , Lin Haiping , Zhang Junjie , Zhang Haiming , Li Youyong , Li Qing , Chi Lifeng
Published: May 2018

The catalytic activities of gold-based catalysts for on-surface C–H bond activation increases as the effective d-band center approaching to the fermi level.
Electrically switchable magnetic exchange in the vibronic model of linear mixed valence triferrocenium complex
Authors: Palii Andrew , Tsukerblat Boris , Aldoshin Sergey , Clemente-Juan Juan M. , Coronado Eugenio
Published: May 2018

A vibronic model for the electric field control of antiferromagnetic exchange is developed for the linear mixed-valence triferrocenium complex Fe(iii)–Fe(ii)–Fe(iii), which is proposed as possible molecular candidate for the implementation of a quantum logic gate.
Phosphatidyl-assisted fabrication of graphene oxide nanosheets with multiple active sites for uranium(vi) capture
Authors: Yang Peipei , Liu Qi , Zhang Hongsen , Liu Jingyuan , Chen Rongrong , Li Rumin , Wu Di , Bai Xuefeng , Wang Jun
Published: May 2018

A novel kind of graphene oxide-based (GO-based) adsorbent was successfully prepared by chemical modification with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (C16TAB) and phytic acid (PA) for adsorbing uranium (U(vi)).
Alcohol-based Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction: an efficient and environmentally-benign method for C–P(O) bond formation
Authors: Ma Xiantao , Xu Qing , Li Huan , Su Chenliang , Yu Lei , Zhang Xu , Cao Hongen , Han Li-Biao
Published: May 2018

Ann-Bu4NI-catalyzed C–P(O) formation reaction of alcohols with phosphites, phosphonites, and phosphinites is developed for the synthesis of useful phosphoryl compounds.
A single rhodamine spirolactam probe for localization and pH monitoring of mitochondrion/lysosome in living cells
Authors: Wang Dan , Wang Zechen , Li Yahui , Song Yang , Song Youtao , Zhang Mingyan , Yu Haibo
Published: May 2018

Rh-BMDZ with neutral pKa6.9 succeeds in indicating and discriminating mitochondria and lysosomes simultaneously in MCF-7 cells.
Boosted electrochemical properties from the surface engineering of ultrathin interlaced Ni(OH)2 nanosheets with Co(OH)2 quantum dot modification
Authors: Shi Diwen , Zhang Liuyang , Zhang Nengduo , Zhang Yong-Wei , Yu Zhi Gen , Gong Hao
Published: May 2018

Greatly enhanced electrochemical performance is obtained through surface modification of ultrathin interlaced Ni(OH)2 nanosheets with Co(OH)2 quantum dots.
Carbon dot-based white and yellow electroluminescent light emitting diodes with a record-breaking brightness
Authors: Xu Jiacong , Miao Yanqin , Zheng Jingxia , Wang Hua , Yang Yongzhen , Liu Xuguang
Published: May 2018

Host–guest doping was adopted to reduce luminescence quenching and improve the brightness of carbon dot-based light emitting diodes (CD-LEDs).
Novel AuI polyynes and their high optical power limiting performances both in solution and in prototype devices
Authors: Tian Zhuanzhuan , Yang Xiaolong , Liu Boao , Zhao Jiang , Zhong Daokun , Wu Yong , Zhou Guijiang , Wong Wai-Yeung
Published: May 2018

Soluble AuI polyynes bearing different organic ligands have been prepared to show enhanced triplet emission and high optical power limiting performances.
Joint spare channel estimation and decoding for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing using combined message passing
Authors: Yuan Zhengdao , Zhang Chuanzong , Wang Zhongyong , Guo Qinghua , Xi Jiangtao
Published: May 2018

In this study, the authors investigate the use of combined belief propagation (BP), mean field (MF) and expectation propagation (EP) message passing to achieve joint channel estimation and decoding (JCED) for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing where the channel sparsity is exploited, and a low‐complexity BP–MF–EP‐based JCED receiver is designed. Moreover, comparisons in message updating of state‐of‐the‐art message passing‐based JCED receivers are provided to illustrate the merits of the proposed one. In addition, message passing schedules are optimised to achieve better system performance. Simulation results verify the superiority of the proposed combined message passing receiver in terms of both bit‐error‐rate performance and convergence speed.
Rotating network jets in the quiet Sun as observed by IRIS
Authors: Kayshap P. , Murawski K. , Srivastava A. K. , Dwivedi B. N.
Published: May 2018

Aims. We perform a detailed observational analysis of network jets to understand their kinematics, rotational motion, and underlying triggering mechanism(s). We analyzed the quiet-Sun (QS) data.

Methods. IRIS high-resolution imaging and spectral observations (slit-jaw images: Si IV 1400.0 Å; raster: Si IV 1393.75 Å) were used to analyze the omnipresent rotating network jets in the transition region (TR). In addition, we also used observations from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamic Observation (SDO).

Results. The statistical analysis of 51 network jets is performed to understand their various mean properties, e.g., apparent speed (140.16 ± 39.41 km s−1), length (3.16 ± 1.18 Mm), and lifetimes (105.49 ± 51.75 s). The Si IV 1393.75 Å line has a secondary component along with its main Gaussian, which is formed due to the high-speed plasma flows (i.e., network jets). The variation in Doppler velocity across these jets (i.e., blueshift on one edge and redshift on the other) signify the presence of inherited rotational motion. The statistical analysis predicts that the mean rotational velocity (i.e., ΔV) is 49.56 km s−1. The network jets have high-angular velocity in comparison to the other class of solar jets.

Conclusions. The signature of network jets is inherited in TR spectral lines in terms of the secondary component of the Si IV 1393.75 Å line. The rotational motion of network jets is omnipresent, which is reported first for this class of jet-like features. The magnetic reconnection seems to be the most favorable mechanism for the formation of these network jets.
Flavour physics and extra-dimensions
Authors: Iyer Abhishek M.
Published: May 2018

Randall-Sundrum (RS) model of warped extra-dimensions were originally proposed to explain the Planck-weak scale hierarchy. It was soon realised that modifications of the original setup, by introducing the fields in the bulk, has several interesting features. In particular it imbues a rich flavour structure to the fermionic sector thereby offering an understanding of the Yukawa hierarchy problem. This construction is also useful in explaining the recently observed deviations in the decay of the B mesons. We consider two scenarios to this effect : A) Right handed muon fields coupled more to NP that the corresponding muon doublets (unorthodox case). Non-universality exists in the right handed sector. B) Standard scenario with anomalies explained primarily by non-universal couplings to the lepton doublets. Further, we establish correlation with the parameter space consistent with the flavour anomalies in the neutral current sector and obtain predictions for rare K- decay which are likely to be another candle for NP with increased precision. The prediction for rare K- decays are different according to the scenario, thereby serving as a useful discriminatory tool. We also discussthe large flavour violation in the lepton sector and present an example with the implementation of bulk leptonic MFV which is essential to realize the model with low KK scales. Further we consider a radical solution, called GUT RS models, where the RS geometry can work as theory of flavour in the absence of flavour symmetries. In this case the low energy brane corresponds to the GUT scale as a result of which RS is no longer solution to the gauge hierarchy problem. The Kaluza Klein (KK) modes in this setup are naturally heavy due to which the low energy constraints can be easily avoided. We use this framework to discuss the supersymmetric version of the RS model and provide means to test this scenario by considering rare lepton decays like τ → μγ.
Standard Model and New physics for ε′k/εk
Authors: Kitahara Teppei
Published: May 2018

The first result of the lattice simulation and improved perturbative calculations have pointed to a discrepancy between data on ε′k/εk and the standard-model (SM) prediction. Several new physics (NP) models can explain this discrepancy, and such NP models are likely to predict deviations of ℬ(K → πvv) from the SM predictions, which can be probed precisely in the near future by NA62 and KOTO experiments. We present correlations between ε′k/εk and ℬ(K → πvv) in two types of NP scenarios: a box dominated scenario and a Z-penguin dominated one. It is shown that different correlations are predicted and the future precision measurements of K → πvv can distinguish both scenarios.
NA62 and NA48/2 results on search for Heavy Neutral Leptons
Authors: Lamanna Gianluca , Aliberti R. , Ambrosino F. , Ammendola R. , Angelucci B. , Antonelli A. , Anzivino G. , Arcidiacono R. , Barbanera M. , Biagioni A. , Bician L. , Biino C. , Bizzeti A. , Blazek T. , Bloch-Devaux B. , Bonaiuto V. , Boretto M. , Bragadireanu M. , Britton D. , Brizioli F. , Brunetti M.B. , Bryman D. , Bucci F. , Capussela T. , Ceccucci A. , Cenci P. , Cerny V. , Cerri C. , Checcucci B. , Conovaloff A. , Cooper P. , Cortina Gil E. , Corvino M. , Costantini F. , Cotta Ramusino A. , Coward D. , D’Agostini G. , Dainton J. , Dalpiaz P. , Danielsson H. , De Simone N. , Di Filippo D. , Di Lella L. , Doble N. , Dobrich B. , Duval F. , Duk V. , Engelfried J. , Enik T. , Estrada-Tristan N. , Falaleev V. , Fantechi R. , Fascianelli V. , Federici L. , Fedotov S. , Filippi A. , Fiorini M. , Fry J. , Fu J. , Fucci A. , Fulton L. , Gamberini E. , Gatignon L. , Georgiev G. , Ghinescu S. , Gianoli A. , Giorgi M. , Giudici S. , Gonnella F. , Goudzovski E. , Graham C. , Guida R. , Gushchin E. , Hahn F. , Heath H. , Husek T. , Hutanu O. , Hutchcroft D. , Iacobuzio L. , Iacopini E. , Imbergamo E. , Jenninger B. , Kampf K. , Kekelidze V. , Kholodenko S. , Khoriauli G. , Khotyantsev A. , Kleimenova A. , Korotkova A. , Koval M. , Kozhuharov V. , Kucerova Z. , Kudenko Y. , Kunze J. , Kurochka V. , Kurshetsov V. , Lanfranchi G. , Lamanna G. , Latino G. , Laycock P. , Lazzeroni C. , Lenti M. , Lehmann Miotto G. , Leonardi E. , Lichard P. , Litov L. , Lollini R. , Lomidze D. , Lonardo A. , Lubrano P. , Lupi M. , Lurkin N. , Madigozhin D. , Mannelli I. , Mannocchi G. , Mapelli A. , Marchetto F. , Marchevski R. , Martellotti S. , Massarotti P. , Massri K. , Maurice E. , Medvedeva M. , Mefodev A. , Menichetti E. , Migliore E. , Minucci E. , Mirra M. , Misheva M. , Molokanova N. , Moulson M. , Movchan S. , Napolitano M. , Neri I. , Newson F. , Norton A. , Noy M. , Numao T. , Obraztsov V. , Ostankov A. , Padolski S. , Page R. , Palladino V. , Parkinson C. , Pedreschi E. , Pepe M. , Perrin-Terrin M. , Peruzzo L. , Petrov P. , Petrucci F. , Piandani R. , Piccini M. , Pinzino J. , Polenkevich I. , Pontisso L. , Potrebenikov Yu. , Protopopescu D. , Raggi M. , Romano A. , Rubin P. , Ruggiero G. , Ryjov V. , Salamon A. , Santoni C. , Saracino G. , Sargeni F. , Semenov V. , Sergi A. , Shaikhiev A. , Shkarovskiy S. , Soldi D. , Sougonyaev V. , Sozzi M. , Spadaro T. , Spinella F. , Sturgess A. , Swallow J. , Trilov S. , Valente P. , Velghe B. , Venditti S. , Vicini P. , Volpe R. , Vormstein M. , Wahl H. , Wanke R. , Wrona B. , Yushchenko O. , Zamkovsky M. , Zinchenko A.
Published: May 2018

In this paper we present new results on upper limits for the search of Heavy Neutral Leptons (HNL) with data collected by NA48/2 (2003-2004), NA62-RK (2007) and NA62 (2015) CERN experiments. The data collected with different trigger configuration allow to search for both long and short living heavy neutrinos in the mass range below the kaon mass. In addition the status of the search for K+ → π+vv with the NA62 detector will be briefly presented.
On μe-scattering at NNLO in QED
Authors: Mastrolia P. , Passera M. , Primo A. , Schubert U. , Torres Bobadilla W. J.
Published: May 2018

We report on the current status of the analytic evaluation of the two-loop corrections to the μescattering in Quantum Electrodynamics, presenting state-of-the art techniques which have been developed to address this challenging task.
The muon g – 2 for low-mass pseudoscalar Higgs in the general 2HDM
Authors: Cherchiglia Adriano , Stöckinger Dominik , Stöckinger-Kim Hyejung
Published: May 2018

The two-Higgs doublet model is a simple and attractive extension of the Standard Model. It provides a possibility to explain the large deviation between theory and experiment in the muon g – 2 in an interesting parameter region: light pseudoscalar Higgs A, large Yukawa coupling to τ-leptons, and general, non-type II Yukawa couplings are preferred. This parameter region is explored, experimental limits on the relevant Yukawa couplings are obtained, and the maximum possible contributions to the muon g – 2 are discussed.
Radiative Corrections for a Precision Determination of the Fine Structure
Constant
Authors: Trentadue Luca
Published: May 2018

We discuss the implications of a new proposed approach to determine aHLOμ and αQED by using space-like kinematics.
Analysis and Simulation of Forced Ventilation in Special Condition
Authors: Rimár Miroslav , Kulikov Andrii , Fedak Marcel , Abraham Milan
Published: May 2018

The research subject of the current work is heating of the closed area by the forced air ventilation system with heat recovery ventilator and floor radiators. The simulation model was made in ANSYS Fluent 14.0. In the simulation were taken to account the secondary thermal gains from the computers, monitors and humans. The results of the simulation approved that in the modern thermal passive houses heat balance calculations should observe secondary thermal gains from the installed equipment. Also were investigated the air circulation in the closed area and the influence of the different barriers which were installed in the laboratory.
Flow over evaporator in electrotechnical box
Authors: Puchor Tomáš , Lenhard Richard
Published: May 2018

The article focus on heat flow generated by heat points over evaporator in eletrotechnical box. The evaporator consists of horizontal pipes supplemented with vertical ribs to enlarge the heat exchanger surface. This ribs were changed as porous zone for simulation process. The evaporator is located in a hermetically sealed electrotechnical box. Observes the spread of heat in the porous materials and air over evaporator and space inside the electrical box.
Pressure and velocity conditions in home health care accessory for babies
Authors: Skočilasová Blanka , Skočilas Jan , Soukup Josef
Published: May 2018

The home health care accessory for babies is selected for investigation. The objectives are to find out the maximal under-pressure and air velocity, which is possible to reach by accessory Nosko® using standard home vacuum cleaner recommended by manufacturer of the accessory. CFD software is used for prediction of the flow characteristics of the air in the body of the accessory. Also simple experiment with the trace is performed in the transparent body. The flow characteristic of the Nosko® is obtained by systematic simulation and can be used for further engineering calculation and detailed investigation. Maximum flow rate of the air through the accessory under maximal under pressure generated by home vacuum cleaner was 2.6 litres. s-1 which is comparable with results of investigation of the human breathing in the literature source.
The PIV study of air flow past the counter-swirler 53983
Authors: Duda Daniel
Published: May 2018

PIV (particle image velocimetry) measurement of the air flow past a counter-swirler 53983 (anticlockwise swirler surrounded by clockwise swirler) is performed. The measurement is focused to an area at the boundary between the inner swirling jet and the outer one rotating oppositely. The Reynolds number Re based on the inner swirler diameter ranged form 1.2·103 to 2.1·104. By using band pass filtering the shear layer and vortices in the contact region between counter-swirling jets is highlighted. The shear layer between these regions shortens and decays into vortices as Reynolds number increases.
The Effect of Moisture Content of Black Locust Wood on the Heating in the Saturated Water Steam during the Process of Colour Modification
Authors: Dzurenda Ladislav
Published: May 2018

The effect of moisture content of black locust wood on the heating of sawn timber with the thickness of h = 32 mm in saturated water steam during the processes of colour modifications by modes: mode I – temperature of saturated water steam t = 112 ± 2.5 °C for τ = 5.5 hours, mode II – temperature of saturated water steam t = 127 ± 2.5 °C for τ = 6.5 hours, and mode III – temperature of saturated water steam t = 137 ± 2.5 °C for τ = 7.5 hours is analysed in the paper. The increase in moisture content affects the heating time, it lasts longer. When the moisture content of black locust wood ranges from W = 60 – 65 %, the heating time by modes I – III did not last longer than the time Δτ ≤ 0.5 min. and no negative impact on the final colour modification is observed.
Explosion Characteristics of Hydrogen for CFD Modelling and Simulation of Turbulent Gas Flow
Authors: Skřínský Jan , Koloničný Jan , Ochodek Tadeáš
Published: May 2018

Renewable energies became more and more important in the last years. Hydrogen as a promising energy carrier is a perfect candidate to supply the energy demand of the world. The state of the hydrogen gas (turbulences and point concentrations) has a significant impact on the gas explosion indices. A gas cloud is formed by a partial-pressure method in gas explosion experiments in the spherical 20.0∙10-3 m3 chamber. Gas in the chamber reaches an uniform state beyond in hundreds of ms. The absolute pressure for gas dispersion should be higher than 0.01 MPa for the H2 of concentration larger than 30 vol. % of fuel. The initial temperature also influences turbulent gas flow before ignition, especially in the case of the gases lighter-than-air.
Economy of heat recovery from mining water in Ostrava region conditions
Authors: Petričko Petra , Kupka David , Koloničný Jan , Richter Aleš
Published: May 2018

The aim of the article is to assess the possibilities of using low-potential heat by means of industrial heat pumps for heating purposes. The article focused on a relatively specific area, namely the geothermal energy of mine water.
Das Kostenerstattungsverfahren – eine psychotherapeutische
Parallelwelt?
Authors: Liebner Matthias
Published: May 2018

Zielsetzung: Die extrabudgetären Ausgaben der Krankenkassen für
Psychotherapie im Kostenerstattungsverfahren steigen stetig an, immer neue
Kostenerstattungspraxen tauchen in der Versorgungslandschaft wegen fehlender
alternativer Betätigungsfelder für frisch approbierte Psychotherapeuten auf. Es
stellt sich daher die Frage, nach welchen Gesetzmäßigkeiten dieser neue Markt
funktioniert, und ob mit dem steigenden Angebot tatsächlich nur eine
Versorgungslücke geschlossen oder auch die Nachfrage nach Psychotherapie
verstärkt wird.

Methodik: Der Beitrag basiert auf einer selektiven Literaturrecherche in
medline/Pubmed unter Einbeziehung von Expertenmeinungen, Erfahrungen aus der
Tätigkeit in einer Vertragspsychotherapiepraxis, kollegialem Austausch mit
Kostenerstattungstherapeuten sowie Erfahrungsberichten von Patienten.

Ergebnisse: Die Zunahme von in der Kostenerstattung ar beitenden
Psychotherapeuten führt bei gleichbleibender Realprävalenz an
behandlungsbedürftigen psychischen Störungen zu einer angebotsinduzierten
Nachfrageerweiterung. Folglich werden auch leichte Störungsbilder zunehmend als
behandlungsbedürftig eingestuft, da der Therapeut in einen Interessenkonflikt
zwischen therapeutischen und ökonomischen Erwägungen gerät.
Gesundheitsökonomisch resultiert daraus eine Steigerung der Ausgaben für
ambulante Psychotherapie. Damit einhergehend nehmen eigentlich vermeidbare
unerwünschte Effekte von Psychotherapie zu, problematisch ist ebenfalls die
fehlende Qualitätssicherung der durchgeführten Psychotherapien.

Schlussfolgerung: Die Möglichkeiten der Vermittlung von
Psychotherapieplätzen durch die Terminservicestellen der Kassenärztlichen
Vereinigung (KV) sollten konsequent genutzt werden, um einer Fehlversorgung in
der ambulanten Psychotherapie entgegenzuwirken. Der Nachweis eines
Systemversagens über eine Absageliste muss als obsolet betrachtet werden. Die
Indikation für die dringliche Notwendigkeit einer Psychotherapie sollte in der
von der KV angebotenen psychotherapeutischen Sprechstunde gestellt werden.
Arzneimittelversorgung im Krankenhaus – Aktuelle und
zukünftige Gestaltungsoptionen des internen Arzneimittel Supply Chain
Managements im Krankenhaus
Authors: Kriegel Johannes , Weigl Alexander , Straßl Nicole , Rissbacher Clemens
Published: May 2018

Zielsetzung Die stationäre Gesundheitsversorgung wird geprägt durch eine
komplexe, arbeitsteilige und fragmentierte Leistungserbringung, die durch eine
Vielzahl an unterschiedlichen Abteilungen, Fachdisziplinen sowie Professionen
erbracht wird. Ein Kernelement dieser stationären Gesundheitsversorgung ist die
Arzneimittelversorgung und -therapie. Es stellt sich die Frage: Wie müssen die
bestehende und zukünftige Ausgestaltung (d. h. Ziele, Strukturen, Prozesse und
Ergebnisse) der inhouse Arzneimittelversorgung zur Verbesserung
derVersorgungssicherheit und Versorgungsqualität am Point of Care in
Krankenhäusern ausgeprägt sein?

Methodik Mittels einer semi-strukturierten Literaturrecherche sowie einer
Online-Umfrage unter Krankenhausapothekenleitungen in Deutschland, Österreich
und Schweiz (N = 412; n = 61, rr = 14,8 %) wurden die unterschiedlichen
Zielsetzungen, Herausforderungen und Lösungsansätze der inhouse
Arzneimittelversorgung im Krankenhauswesen aus der Perspektive der
Krankenhausapothekenleitungen erhoben und analysiert.

Ergebnisse Es wurde deutlich, dass neben branchenübergreifenden Trends der
Logistik und Beschaffung, wie beispielsweise Einkaufsgemeinschaften,
automatisierter Transport, Umschlag und Lagerung, verstärkt die Kommunikation
und Interaktion zwischen Health Professionals und Apotheke und das damit
verbundene Vertrauensverhältnis entscheidend für die Versorgungssicherheit und
-qualität in der Patientenversorgung sind. Ferner kommen zusehends die
wissensbasierten Unterstützungsdienstleistungen der Krankenhausapotheke in der
internen Arzneimittelversorgung im Krankenhaus zum Tragen.

Schlussfolgerungen Ausgehend von den identifizieren Zielsetzungen,
Herausforderungen und Lösungsansätzen sowie den damit verbundenen
Handlungsbedarfen, ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit einer transparenten und
zielgerichteten inhouse Arzneimittelversorgung im Krankenhaus sowie einer
übergreifenden Kommunikation zwischen den beteiligten Akteuren entlang der
geglätteten Versorgungsprozesse.
Multispectral perfect absorbers using plasmonically induced interference
Authors: Li Hong-Ju , Ren Yong-Ze , Qin Meng , Wang Ling-Ling
Published: May 2018

Through numerical and theoretical investigations of plasmonically induced interference, we obtain multispectral metamaterial absorbers based on a periodic sub-wavelength array of nanogrooves side-coupled to nanorings. Finite-difference time-domain simulations indicate that a classical three-level system forms upon introducing a dark-mode nanoring into the narrow-band perfect absorber consisting of a periodic nanogroove array, thereby leading to dual-band near-unity absorption. Numerical results are consistent with the predictions of coupled-mode theory. Slow light occurs, accompanied by extensive destructive interference in the reflection window. In particular, multispectral absorption occurs only upon introducing multiple sub-dark modes, and the absorber exhibits outstanding absorption stability over a wide range of incident angles. Thus, plasmonically induced interference may offer a new way to obtain multiband absorbers. These results should be useful for multichannel optical filtering and slow-light devices.
Nonlinear dynamics of a two-dimensional Wigner solid on superfluid helium
Authors: Monarkha Yu. P.
Published: May 2018

Nonlinear dynamics and transport properties of a 2D Wigner solid (WS) on the free surface of superfluid helium are theoretically studied. The analysis is nonperturbative in the amplitude of the WS velocity. An anomalous nonlinear response of the liquid helium surface to the oscillating motion of the WS is shown to appear when the driving frequency is close to subharmonics of the frequency of a capillary wave (ripplon) whose wave vector coincides with a reciprocal-lattice vector. As a result, the effective mass of surface dimples formed under electrons and the kinetic friction acquire sharp anomalies in the low-frequency range, which affects the mobility and magnetoconductivity of the WS. The results obtained here explain a variety of experimental observations reported previously.
Variable charge transfer state energies at nanostructured pentacene/C60 interfaces
Authors: Lin YunHui L. , Zhang Fengyu , Kerner Ross A. , Yang Terry Chien-Jen , Kahn Antoine , Rand Barry P.
Published: May 2018

While it has recently been recognized that organic donor-acceptor charge transfer (CT) state energies can vary substantially under different interfacial morphologies, this behavior is under-appreciated in the context of organic singlet fission solar cells where a specific alignment between the triplet state of the fission material and the CT state of the donor-acceptor interface is necessary to the function of the device. In this work, we demonstrate that the CT state energy of a prototypical pentacene-C60 singlet fission system is around 1 eV in most systems, but can vary over 300 meV depending on the composition and morphology of the interface. Moreover, we show that the inclusion of a poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) underlayer, which commonly serves as a triplet blocker and hole collector in pentacene/C60 solar cells, helps promote active layer morphologies with stabilized, low energy CT states. These trends in the interfacial energetics are correlated with structural characterization of the films by atomic force microscopy and x-ray diffraction.
Characterization of the ScAlMgO4 cleaving layer by X-ray crystal truncation rod scattering
Authors: Hanada Takashi , Tajiri Hiroo , Sakata Osami , Fukuda Tsuguo , Matsuoka Takashi
Published: May 2018

ScAlMgO4—easily cleaved in c-plane—forms a natural superlattice structure of a ScO2 layer and two Al0.5Mg0.5O layers stacking along c-axis. ScAlMgO4 is one of the RAMO4-type layered multicomponent oxides and a promising lattice-matching substrate material for InGaN and ZnO. Identification of the topmost layer and the surface atomic structure of the cleaved ScAlMgO4 (0001) are investigated by the X-ray crystal truncation rod scattering method. It is confirmed that ScAlMgO4 is cleaved between the two Al0.5Mg0.5O layers. The two parts separated at this interlayer are inversion symmetric to each other and without surface charge. This prevents parallel-plate-capacitor-like electrostatic force during the cleavage. Two different mechanisms are proposed for the two types of cleavage caused by the impact of a wedge and by the in-plane stress due to an overgrown thick GaN film. It is also revealed that about 10%–20% of the topmost O atoms are desorbed during a surface cleaning at 600 °C in ultra-high vacuum. Surface observations using reflection high-energy electron diffraction are possible only after the high-temperature cleaning because the electrical conduction caused by the oxygen deficiency prevents the charge-up of the insulating sample.
Suppression of coffee ring: (Particle) size matters
Authors: Bansal Lalit , Seth Pranjal , Murugappan Bhubesh , Basu Saptarshi
Published: May 2018

Coffee ring patterns in drying sessile droplets are undesirable in various practical applications. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that on hydrophobic substrates, the coffee ring can be suppressed just by increasing the particle diameter. Particles with larger size flocculate within the evaporation timescale, leading to a significant gravimetric settling (for Pe > 1) triggering a uniform deposit. Interestingly, the transition to a uniform deposit is found to be independent of the internal flow field and substrate properties. Flocculation of particles also alters the particle packing at the nanoscale resulting in order to disorder transitions. In this letter, we exhibit a physical exposition on how particle size affects morphodynamics of the droplet drying at macro-nano length scales.
Living with an engineer: fish metacommunities in dynamic patchy environments
Authors: Bylak Aneta , Kukuła Krzysztof
Published: May 2018

Different environmental preferences and dispersal abilities allow fish to coexist in local communities. In the present study we analysed the effects of engineering species on the community structure based on the example of the European beaver (Castor fiber) and mountainous European stream fish. We hypothesised that the creation of beaver impoundments increases environmental heterogeneity and causes a strong spatial and temporal variation in fish species composition and size structure. Finally, we placed these results in the context of the metacommunity theory. Our research was conducted over a large spatial scale, and over a relatively long (5-year) temporal scale. Data analysis revealed strong environmental gradients associated with stream size and increased environmental heterogeneity associated with the creation of beaver impoundments. The results also indicated strong spatial and temporal variation in fish species composition and size structure associated with this environmental heterogeneity. Although local communities changed over time, the main metacommunity characteristics remained constant. Fish must move and follow environmental changes for their populations and communities to persist in streams inhabited by beavers. Gaining a deeper understanding of the effects of the engineering species on fish community structure may help inform management and the conservation of stream ecosystems.
Demography is destiny … or not
Authors: Harper Sarah
Published: May 2018

It is increasingly recognized that population change plays a key role in our political systems, economies, and societies at the local, national, regional, and global level. ‘Demography is destiny … or not’ explains that demography has at its core the notion of drivers of population change—mortality, fertility, and migration—and how these then interact to change populations. Contemporary demography is divided into three separate areas of study: the characteristics of past or current populations, with regard to their size and make-up; the different demographic drivers that directly influence this composition, primarily fertility, mortality, and migration; and the relationship between these static characteristics and dynamic processes and the social, economic, and cultural environments within which they interact.
The drivers
Authors: Harper Sarah
Published: May 2018

The size, growth, density, distribution, and age structure or composition of a population is broadly dependent on three drivers: fertility (numbers of births), mortality (number of deaths), and migration (number of moves in and out of that population). ‘The drivers’ explores the ideas behind our understanding of these drivers on which most demographic analysis is focused. It explains that the main measures of fertility in a population are the Crude Birth Rate and the Total Fertility Rate. The main measures of mortality are the Crude Death Rate and life expectancy. Migration is different in that while mortality and fertility are typically studied within a closed population, migration introduces the notion of an open population.
A demographer’s toolbox
Authors: Harper Sarah
Published: May 2018

‘A demographer’s toolbox’ looks at the tools, models, methods, assumptions, and uncertainties within the practice of demography. Demographers need to know that they are really finding out the things they want to know and that their methods and sources of data are robust and are accurately answering their questions. There are four main sources of demographic data: census, registration records, surveys, and ethnographic material. The 1980s and 1990s saw an increasingly sophisticated adoption of mathematical models, needed to cope with the growing availability of demographic data. The arrival of modern computing methods also transformed the power of demographic analysis. Recently, probability, competing risks, hazard functions, and bio-markers have been added to the demographer’s toolbox.
Population pyramids and projections
Authors: Harper Sarah
Published: May 2018

‘Population pyramids and projections’ describes a key concept within demography—the population pyramid. The age pyramid represents the distribution of a population by age and sex. It comprises a pair of bar graphs joined in the centre and traditionally resembling an Egyptian pyramid. The vertical axis records age, with young at the base and old at the top, and the bars coming off the axis to the right represent females and to the left males. The demographic behaviour of individuals is affected by their age, the time period in which they are living, and their shared cohort experience. Different methods of population projections to foresee population futures are also outlined.
Crusaders and conspirators
Authors: Townshend Charles
Published: May 2018

Who becomes a terrorist? It depends on the circumstances. Terrorist organizations differ markedly in how they recruit their members. The revolutionary kind requires fanatics, ideologues, and dreamers; while the nationalist kind may be so embedded in their communities that enlistment resembles a rite of passage. ‘Crusaders and conspirators’ considers whether the idea that one person’s terrorist is another’s freedom fighter is true. Can it help us understand the nature of terrorism? Can terrorism ever succeed? Since the 1970s, terrorism has taken on an international dimension and, more recently, there is the threat of weapons of mass destruction falling into the hands of terrorists; as well as the potential of cyberterror.
5. Steam and Iron
Authors: Symonds Craig L.
Published: May 2018

From 1850, the issue of slavery’s future affected nearly every aspect of American politics and government. That same decade also witnessed a virtual technological revolution that affected large segments of American society and also transformed the tools of war. ‘Steam and iron: the Civil War navy (1850–1865)’ describes the introduction of new technology at sea during the Civil War, including steam propulsion, iron armor, and exploding shells fired from ever-larger naval guns, many of them rifled, which dramatically increased both range and accuracy. There was also significant enlargement of the Union navy both in ships and the enlisted force, which allowed the U.S. Navy to play an essential role in Union victory.
8. The Two-Ocean Navy
Authors: Symonds Craig L.
Published: May 2018

Europe went back to war in 1939 and on July 19 1940, the U.S. Congress passed the Two-Ocean Navy Act, the largest naval appropriation in American history, which expanded the U.S. Navy by more than seventy per cent in preparation for the United States entry into the war. ‘The two-ocean navy: the U.S. Navy in World War II (1939–1945)’ outlines the key battles fought by the U.S. Navy: in the Pacific from 1941–43, in the Mediterranean from 1943–44, the Central Pacific drive from 1943–44, the D-Day landings in 1944, and the ferocious battles with the Japanese at Iwo Jima and Okinawa that ended the war.