bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTASI PEMENUHAN HAK KEBEBASAN BERIBADAH BAGI NARAPIDANA DI LEMBAGA PEMASYARAKATAN KELAS I SURABAYA
Authors: Rillo Pambudi  , Siti Ngaisah
Published: July 2024

Lembaga pemasyarakatan merupakan tempat untuk melaksanakan proses pembinaan bagi narapidana dalam wilayah yang terisolasi sebagai bentuk pemberian sanksi pidana atas pelanggaran hukum. Tidak semua hak narapidana dihilangkan, salah satu pemenuhan hak yang masih dapat diberikan adalah pemenuhan hak untuk beribadah sebagaimana anjuran UUD 1945 pasal 28 dan 29 tentang penghormatan atas hak kebebasan beribadah, sehingga lebih lanjut pemberian hak untuk beribadah dilandasi peraturan perundangan nomor 22 tahun 2022 tentang lembaga pemasyarakatan yang mengatur tentang tatacara pelaksanaan serta anjuranya. Jumlah narapidana yang membeludak mengakibatkan berbagai masalah dalam bidang pembinaan keagamaan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisa landasan hukum dan implementasinya terhadap pemenuhan hak kebebasan beribadah di lembaga pemasyarakatan kelas 1 Surabaya. Metode penelitian melalui pendekatan hukum empiris dengan jenis penelitian kualitatif, proses pengambilan data dengan cara observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi kemudian dianalisa kaitanya dengan penerapan landasan hukum yang berlaku di lapangan yang disajikan dalam bentuk narasi sebagai kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa implementasi pemenuhan hak kebebasan beribadah yang diwujudkan dalam proses pembinaan kerohanian telah sesuai dengan landasan hukum yang berlaku, namun beberapa kendala seperti kurangnya antusiasme dari narapidana sendiri tentang pentingnya kegiatan masih perlu ditingkatkan melalui sosialisasi.
WANPRESTASI PERJANJIAN SEWA MENYEWA GEDUNG
Authors: Desya Rindiani Putri  , Lolita Permanasari
Published: July 2024

Hukum mengatur dan memaksa pada siapapun tanpa pandang bulu. Tiada batas waktu dalam aturan aturan yang dihadirkan atau diciptakan oleh hukum itu sendiri. Begitupula dengan suatu perjanjian, perjanjian mengatur dan mengikat kepada beberapa pihak yang telah bersepakat dalam menciptakan suatu aturan dalam perjanjian tersebut. Perjanjian sewa-menyewa menimbulkan hak dan kewajiban antara pihak penyewa dan pihak yang menyewakan suatu benda baik bergerak maupun tidak bergerak. Perjanjian dapat dilakukan secara tertulis atau tidak tertulis (lisan). Apabila suatu perjanjian tersebut dilanggar oleh salah satu pihak maupun kedua belah pihak yang telah tidak memenuhi prestasinya kejadian tersebut biasa disebut sebagai wanprestasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif atau disebut juga penelitian doktrin. Penelitian ini dilakukan atau ditujukan hanya kepada peraturan-peraturan yang tertulis atau bahan-bahan hukum lain yang bersangkutan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa wanprestasi dapat terjadi akibat dari kesengajaan atau ketidaksengajaan salah satu pihak yang telah membuat perjanjian, baik itu perjanjian sewa-menyewa, perjanjian jual-beli, maupun perjanjian yang lainnya.
PERTANGGUNG JAWABAN PIDANA TERHADAP PENGENDARA KENDARAAN DI BAWAH UMUR DALAM KECELAKAAN LALU LINTAS DI WILAYAH KEPOLISIAN JAWA TIMUR
Authors: M Firman Zulfan  , Jamil
Published: July 2024

Belakangan ini banyaknya anak-anak d ibawah umur yang sering melakukan perbuatan pidana dan bahkan sampai menghilangkan nyawa orang lain. Perbuatan pidana yang dilakukan sering terjadi di jalan raya, dengan ini menimbulkan kehawatiran masyarakat karena anak-anak yang masih dibawah umur sering menimbulkan bahaya yang mengancam keselamatan. Tujuan penelitian Untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor apa sajakah yang menyebabkan terjadinya pelanggaran lalu lintas oleh anak di bawah umur dan untuk Untuk mengetahui penerapan hukum terhadap tindak pidana pelanggaran lalu lintas yang dilakukan oleh anak dibawah umur. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian hukum yuridis empiris. Penelitian hukum empiris merupakan penelitian lapangan dengan mendasarkan pada fakta-fakta yang ada, untuk mengetahui secara langsung dan menganalisa peristiwa secara nyata. Dalam hal ini mengenai penegakan hukum terhadap anak di bawah umur dalam kasus kecelakaan lalu lintas yang mengakibatkan korban jiwa meninggal dunia dalam lingkup wilayah hukum polda jatim. Penelitian ini menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa terdapat dua faktor status sosial psikologis anak dan kerjasama dengan instansi lain yang menjadi penyebab kesulitan Polda Jatim dalam menangani kasus kecelakaan yang pelakunya adalah anak-anak. Polda Jatim bekerja sama dengan orang tua dari anak-anak yang masih kecil dan melakukan les mengemudi di samping penyuluhan dan pembinaan di sekolah-sekolah untuk menekan angka kecelakaan lalu lintas di Kabupaten Surabaya.
TINJAUAN HUKUM PIDANA ATAS KELALAIAN BADAN PENGAWAS OBAT DAN MAKANAN TERKAIT PELANGGARAN HAK-HAK KONSUMEN DALAM KASUS PENARIKAN OBAT-OBATAN TERCEMAR
Authors: Jessica Chelsea Defanthonieta  , Ina Rosmaya
Published: July 2024

Kasus penarikan obat cemaran merupakan isu yang mencemaskan dalam masyarakat. Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM) bertanggungjawab untuk mengawasi dan memastikan keamanan obat-obatan yang beredar di pasaran. Namun, muncul kasus di mana BPOM terbukti lalai dalam menjalankan tugasnya, yang berakibat melanggar hak-hak konsumen, serta ketidakpuasan konsumen terhadap suatu merek obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis tinjauan hukum pidana terkait lalai nya BPOM dalam kasus penarikan obat cemaran dan dampaknya terhadap hak-hak konsumen, juga bagi pelaku usaha farmasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan kasus-kasus yang relevan. Analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan mengidentifikasi dan mengevaluasi peraturan hukum yang berlaku serta menelaah kasus-kasus yang terkait. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa perlunya perbaikan dalam sistem pengawasan BPOM, termasuk peningkatan komunikasi dan transparansi dengan konsumen, penguatan mekanisme penarikan produk yang tercemar, serta penegakan hukum yang tegas terhadap pelanggaran yang dilakukan oleh pihak-pihak yang bertanggung jawab.
PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN ATAS HAK INFORMASI DALAM MELAKUKAN TRANSAKSI ONLINE
Authors: Rizkita Dinar Anggraini  , Sinarianda Kurnia Hartantien
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran perlindungan konsumen atas hak informasi dalam transaksi online dengan   cara   menganalisis   perlindungan   konsumen   pada   parktek nyatanya serta pertanggung jawaban pelaku usaha dalam penyelesaian pelanggaran hak informasi dalam jual beli online yang merugikan konsumen. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif yang dilakukan dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan Konseptual. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara studi pustaka, studi dokumen. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa perlindungan konsumen atas hak informasi dalam jual beli online belum berjalan semestinya karena Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen belum dapat diimplementasikan disebabkan pelaku usaha masih mengabaikan kewajiban, larangan serta hak-hak konsumen. Khususnya pada pemberian informasi yang benar, jelas dan jujur. Hal ini disebabkan karena pelaku usaha semata-mata mencari keuntungan diri sendiri. Akibatnya konsumen  kesulitan mendapatkan jaminan  atas  hak-hak  konsumen. Tanggung  jawab  pelaku  usaha  atau  penjual  disini  adalah  melakukan  ganti kerugian yang didasari Pasal 19 (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 8 tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. Upaya penyelesian sengketa antara pelaku usaha dan konsumen yaitu melalui gugatan ke pengadilan   atau di luar pengadilan dengan cara yaitu pengaduan ke YLKI (Yayasan Lembaga Konsumen Indonesia) atau pengajuan gugatan ke BPSK.
Role of cytokines in the control of inflammation: A review
Authors: Mishra Aditya
Published: July 2024

Cytokines are small secreted proteins released by cells have a specific effect on the interactions and communications between cells. Cytokine is a general name; other names include lymphokine (cytokines made by lymphocytes), monokine (cytokines made by monocytes), chemokine (cytokines with chemotactic activities), and interleukin (cytokines made by one leukocyte and acting on other leukocytes). Cytokines may act on the cells that secrete them (autocrine action), on nearby cells (paracrine action), or in some instances on distant cells (endocrine action). There are both pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines. There is significant evidence showing that certain cytokines/chemokines are involved in not only the initiation but also the persistence of pathologic pain by directly activating nociceptive sensory neurons. Certain inflammatory cytokines are also involved in nerve-injury/inflammation-induced central sensitization, and are related to the development of contralateral hyperalgesia/allodynia. The discussion presented in this chapter describes several key pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines, their relation with pathological pain in animals and human patients, and possible underlying mechanisms.
Impact of Food Nutrient in the IBD Management and Prevention
Authors: Dhole Rakesh
Published: July 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, multifactorial and inflammatory disease taking place in the colon tract. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), after disease arrival, usually progress in two cyclically repeated phases, namely inflammatory flare and remission, with possible nutritional status impairment. The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is steadily rise paralleling the increase of westernized diets, characterized by high protein and fat as well as excessive sugar intake, with less vegetables and fibre. Some evidence, either from epidemiological, clinical, and experimental studies indicates that the quantity and the quality of dietary protein consumption may differently influence the IBD according to the disease phases. Environmental factors are essential components of the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and primarily responsible for its growing incidence around the globe. Environmental factors, which include smoking, diet, drugs, geographical and social status, stress, microbial agents, intestinal permeability and appendectomy.
Nifedipine 20 mg Brands' Bioequivalency and Bioavailability in Healthy Human Subjects
Authors: shukla Ajay
Published: July 2024

Bioavailability and bioequivalence study for developing new drug product and for generating its alternatives these parameters plays a major role in this phase. Nifedipine (NFDP) is an orally active calcium channel blocker, antihypertensive property which reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The goal of the current study is to assess in healthy human subjects the bioavailability and bioequivalency of NFDP 20 mg formulations following a single dosage administered while fasting. As a result, an open label, balanced, randomized, three-period single dose bioequivalency study of various NFDP tablet brands with a minimum seven-day wash-out interval was designed. All twelve subjects stayed at the study site for 24 hours prior to dosing, and study formulations were given following a 10-hour overnight fast in each phase. Blood samples were obtained in accordance with the schedule for pharmacokinetic analysis. HPLC analysis was used to determine the plasma concentration. If the 90% CI for the test 1 /reference and test2/reference ratios' bioequivalence fell between 0.80 and 1.25, the test, test2, and reference formulations were deemed bioequivalent. For test1/reference and test2/reference in this investigation, the 90% confidence intervals (CI) were 1.0027 & 1.0055 for Cmax, 0.9815 & 1.0013 for AUC0-t, and 0.9835 & 1.0016 for AUC0-∞:.9992 & 1.0047 for Cmax 9900 & 1.0008 for AUC0-t, and.9905 & 1.0010 for AUC0-∞. Thus, it can be observed that, in accordance with the CDSCO bio-equivalency criterion, all of the parameters fall within 0.8 and 1.25. Therefore it can be calculated that generic drugs are as safe as branded drugs and have same efficacy as branded drugs. Due to expiry of patent of drug many of the generic drugs come in the market for the same branded drug. It leads no competition between different companies and for selling their generic drug these companies reduced the cost of their generic drug. Due to this generics become the preferred alternatives.
Preparation & evaluation of herbal tea powder of parijat leaves and flower to treat dry cough
Authors: P Patil Swaranjali
Published: July 2024

Nycthanthes arbor-tristis Linn. belongs to the family Oleaceae and commonly known as Night Jasmine. It is mythological plant with immense medical use in the Ayurveda. It is commonly known as harsinghar in Hindi, Parijat in Sanskrit and Night jasmine in English. It is widely grown in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. The generic name “Nycthanthes” has been coined from two Greek words, ‘Nykhta’ means ‘Night’ and ‘Anther’ means ‘flower’. The specific name ‘arbortristis’ meaning ‘the sad tree’ is supposedly derived from the look of tree during the daytime. The whole plant of Parijat has medical value. It contains alkaloids, flavonoids, anthraquinone, glycoside, tannins, steroids, saponins, phlobatannins, terpenoids etc. Its leaves contain mainly benzoic acid, fructose, glucose, carotene, amorphous resins, ascorbic acid, methyl salicylate, tannic acid, oleanolic acid, flavanol glycoside. And flowers contain apigenin, anthocyanin, D- mannitol, tannins, glucose, carotenoid, essential oils, kaemferol, nyctanthin, glycosides, quercetin, rengylone etc. The leaves and flowers have anti inflammatory, antioxidant, bronchodilator activity. The aqueous extract of the whole plant and alcoholic extract of leaves reported to have acute and subacute anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of the study is to prepare and evaluate herbal teapowder from leaves and flowers of Parijat leaves and flowers to treat dry cough. Cough is sudden expulsion of air from its lungs through mouth, typically caused by irritation or infection in the airways. By the stimulation of mechano or chemoreceptors, afferent impulse pass to cough center, it sends efferent impulse via parasympathetic and motor nerve to diaphragm, intercostal muscle and lung. It results in increased contraction of diaghramatic, abdominal and intercostal (ribs) muscle and causes noisy expiration, which is nothing but “Cough”. It classifies as: Acute (sudden onset), Subacute (3 to 8 weeks), Chronic (longer than 8 weeks). For this preparation Parijat leaves and flowers are collected from local area of Tembhurni. Taxonomical identification of plant was done by using with the help of flora of Solapur district, Maharashtra. The leaves, flower are dried along with ginger. After properly drying of Parijat leaves, flowers and ginger grind it and then mix all the three components. Store these tea powder in airtight container. During preparation of tea, add 1-2 teaspoon of these teapowder in cup of hot water and allow to steep for 5-10 min. For sweetening effect Jagger or honey can be added. These teapowder is help to relieve dry cough because it has anti-inflammatory activity.
MGMT promoter methylation in prognosis of patients with newly diagnosed IDH1 wildtype Glioblastoma
Authors: Dung Dang
Published: July 2024

The objective of this study was to analyse the prognosis values of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation on the overall survival in patients with newly diagnosed isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) wild-type glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). A retrospective observational study was conducted on 108 IDH1 wild-type glioblastoma patients who underwent tumour resection at neurosurgical centres, including Hanoi Medical University Hospital and Viet Duc University Hospital, from October 2017 to December 2021. The MGMT status was assessed using methylation-specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (MSP). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were performed. Of 108 patients, 79.6% had methylated MGMT. The median overall survival of patients with IDH1 wild-type GBM was 8.47 months (95%Confidence Interval (CI) =6.93-11.07). Patients with Methylated MGMT had a lower mortality risk (Hazard Ratio (HR) =0.63, 95%CI=0.41-0.98) than those without Methylated MGMT. Patients aged <55 HR=0.55, CI=0.35-0.85)>=55 years old. Having tumours on both sides of the hemisphere was associated with a higher risk of mortality (HR=3.18, 95%CI=1.68-6.00) compared to patients with tumours on the right side of the hemisphere. To conclude, our data underline the impact of the MGMT promoter methylation status in the treatment response of IDH1-wildtype GBM. In addition, age, tumour size and hemisphere were also significant prognostic factors in the overall survival of patients.
DiGi-ViS Intervention Module: A Need Analysis
Authors: Anblagan Tharishni , Ahmad Nor Aniza , Roslan Samsilah
Published: July 2024

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental disorder, is now a significant publichealth concern. The goal of this study is to determine whether there is a need for a Digital Visual Support(DIGI-ViS) intervention module among preschoolers with autism in Perak. The informants of this study were atotal of five special education preschool teachers who were selected by purposive sampling. The data was usedto analyse the interview transcripts. An interview method using semi-structured, guided questions is used toexplore the study's objectives. The findings of the data analysis revealed five themes (benefits, teaching practice,threats, approaches, and subject matter) that emerged, recommending that there is a need to develop digitalvisual support among preschoolers with autism placed in the Preschool Special Education Integration Programin Perak. Need analysis studies are essential for determining the content and requirements of an interventionmodule. Researchers also explored the expert opinion of special education teachers on the current challengesexperienced in the classroom setting during self-management subjects. The outcomes of this study suggest thatdigital visual support as an intervention tool for preschoolers with autism is recommended and very useful.
Literature Review on Psycholinguistic Processes in Reading Comprehension Mechanisms in Individuals with Language Disorders
Authors: Islami Nelita Indah , Sastromiharjo Andoyo , Kurniawan Khaerudin , Najib Fina Ainun
Published: July 2024

This literature review investigates the psycholinguistic processes in reading comprehensionmechanisms in individuals with language impairment. Reading comprehension is an important aspect oflanguage development, yet individuals with language impairment often experience difficulties in understandingwritten text. Reading comprehension involves various psycholinguistic processes, including phonological,syntactic, semantic and pragmatic processing. Language impairment conditions such as dyslexia, languagedevelopment disorders and reading comprehension disorders often affect these mechanisms. Phonologicalprocessing is key in reading comprehension mechanisms, and individuals with language impairments often havedifficulty in recognising and decoding words. In addition, syntactic aspects play an important role inunderstanding sentence structure and the relationship between sentence elements. Reading comprehensiondisorders are often associated with difficulties in understanding semantic relationships, recognising wordmeanings and applying semantic knowledge in reading contexts. In addition, pragmatic factors are alsoimportant in comprehending text, including understanding context and communicative purpose. Individuals withlanguage impairment may have difficulty in picking up pragmatic nuances and applying them in readingcomprehension. This literature review presents an in-depth understanding of the relationship betweenpsycholinguistic processes and reading comprehension mechanisms in individuals with language impairment.The clinical implications of this study may aid the development of more effective intervention strategies toimprove reading comprehension in this population. With a better understanding of the factors that influencereading comprehension, health and education practitioners can design specific and targeted interventionprogrammes to improve reading ability in individuals with language impairment.
Research Trends of Mathematics Learning for Deaf Junior High School Students in Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Alifulloh Wenda , Juandi Dadang , Hasanah Aan , Usdiyana Dian , Nuralam Humam
Published: July 2024

This study constitutes a Systematic Literature Review that analyzes various research articlesconducted in Indonesia and published in Google Scholar-indexed journals from 2014 to 2023. The primaryfocus of this research is to examine different aspects related to the study of mathematics learning for deaf juniorhigh school students in Indonesia. The findings from this investigation indicate that there is no significant trendin the increase of research on mathematics learning for deaf junior high school students in Indonesia within thelast three years. Moreover, it is revealed that the most commonly used research design is Research andDevelopment (R&D), with Geometry being the most popular subject matter. Additionally, the most frequentlychosen instruments are "tests" and "questionnaires," and the majority of research locations are centered aroundJava Island & Bali, with the most highlighted research topic being the development of learning media. Based onthe outcomes of this research, several recommendations can be proposed, including the need to intensifyresearch efforts in this field, exploring other mathematical topics for investigation, and ensuring a broader andmore even distribution of research locations.
Improving Students’ Collaboration Skills Through Project-Based Learning on Environmental Change Material
Authors: Andriyatno Indri , Purwianingsih Widi , Solihat Rini , Gusti Utari Akhir , Yusni Diana
Published: July 2024

Collaboration skills are one of the six life skills that are important to have in the 21st century,enabling students to work together, exchange ideas, and respect other people's opinions. This research aims toimprove collaboration skills through Project-Based Learning (PjBL) on environmental change material. Theresearch method used was a quasi-experiment with a nonequivalent pretest-posttest control-group design. Thesample for this research is high school students who are studying Environmental Change material. Collaborationskills questionnaires and observations of learning implementation were used as research instruments. The dataanalysis used was the Independent Sample T-Test and the N-Gain test. The results of the Independent Sample TTest show that the average posttest score for the control and experimental classes is significantly different by0.000. The collaboration skills of experimental class students obtained a mean of 86.39 in the very goodcategory, and the N-Gain test result was 0.465 in the moderate category. This increase is supported by theresults of learning implementation, with an average score of 89.89% in the very good category. This researchimplies that it can provide practical guidance for teachers interested in integrating PjBL into learning.
Exploring Climate Change Communication in Afghanistan on the X Platform over the Last Six Months of 2024
Authors: Darwishean Sayeed Ebrahim , Rahil Mohammad Yahya , Ehsas Mohammad Salem
Published: July 2024

Social media has emerged as an accessible communication tool for mass audiences worldwide. These new platforms are widely used in Afghanistan for various purposes. Given Afghanistan's high vulnerability to climate change impacts, the country requires effective public awareness and communication strategies across both traditional and new media. To inform policymaking for collective climate action, there is a need to analyze the content of social media discourse on climate change. The primary aim of this study is to explore climate change communication on the X platform to develop effective policies and strategies for leveraging social media, particularly the X platform, to communicate about climate change impacts in Afghanistan. The study employed a descriptive research design combined with a content analysis approach. The results indicate that the social media discourse revolved around key themes, including climate change impacts, Afghanistan's vulnerability to droughts, flash floods, monsoon rains, and unexpected snowfall, the lack of funding for climate change communication and mitigation efforts, and the disproportionate impact on women. The analysis also found that the total user engagement during the five-month study period reached 424,522 interactions, including reposts, replies, likes, and views. The findings of this study can inform the development of targeted, evidence-based communication strategies and policies to raise public awareness and catalyze collective action on climate change in Afghanistan, leveraging the reach and engagement potential of social media platforms.
Analysis of hemodynamic parameters on two-layered blood flow in a curved artery
Authors: Pokharel Chudamani , Gautam Pushpa N. , Bhatta Chet R. , Kafle Jeevan
Published: July 2024

Arterial stenosis is the thickening of the arterial wall due to the growth of aberrant tissues that prevent adequate blood flow in the human circulatory system and induces cardiovascular diseases. Mild stenosis, may lead to serious or permanent damage if remains uncured. There are differences in the curvature response and material composition between the outer layers and the core. There are several locations in blood vessels where they are curved, which affects the blood flow and shear stress. The Navier-Stokes equation in the cylindrical polar coordinate system has been extended by incorporating curvature term in two-layered blood flow along the axial direction with appropriate boundary conditions. Mathematical expressions for hemodynamic parameters such as velocity profile, volumetric flow rate, pressure drop, and shear stress have been calculated analytically in the case of a curve artery with stenosis. Moreover, we have analyzed the effect of stenosis on different hemodynamic parameters with the variation of core and peripheral-layer viscosity and curvature. Flow quantities are affected by the habitancy of stenosis and stipulate different blood flow behavior in both layers in the case of curved artery. This modeling technique may help researchers in medicine, mathematical biology, and bio-engineering.
Editor’s note: Foreign Language Education in Poland
Authors: Borecka Violetta
Published: July 2024

The aim of this monograph is to acquaint and interest the reader with some of the vast array of issues concerning foreign language education in Poland. There are a few contextual historical factors which have had a great impact on the country's educational priorities in relation to foreign languages. Nowadays learning an L2 (usually English) is compulsory from the first grade of primary education. Current methodological trends in Poland are similar to general tendencies in Europe and contemporary research on foreign language education draws from different fields including sociolinguistics, neurolinguistics, psycholinguistics, computer-oriented studies, and others.
Autonomous Quadruple Spider Robot for Surveillance and Exploration with Advanced 3D Mapping
Authors: Raj Sunny , Jadon Yash Kumar Singh , Mahto Basanta
Published: July 2024

This research introduces an advanced quadruple spider robot designed for 3D mapping, utilizing Arduino Nano, ESP32, and LIDAR sensor technology. The integration of these components allows the robot to navigate and scan its surroundings, producing precise three-dimensional maps in real-time. The Arduino Nano serves as the microcontroller, while the ESP32 provides robust wireless communication capabilities. LIDAR technology ensures accurate distance measurement, enabling the robot to adapt efficiently to various environments. This innovative platform showcases significant potential for applications in surveillance, exploration, and disaster response. By leveraging the synergy between Arduino, ESP32, and LIDAR, the robot enhances spatial understanding and decision-making processes, offering a versatile solution for autonomous operations. The robot's real-time 3D mapping capabilities make it a valuable asset in scenarios requiring detailed environmental analysis and prompt situational awareness. This research underscores the effectiveness of combining microcontroller technology with advanced sensors to develop autonomous robotic systems capable of operating in diverse and challenging conditions. The practical implications of this technology extend to improving safety, efficiency, and operational effectiveness in critical missions.
Navigation Radar system compatible with IOT
Authors: Kumar Roshan , Yadav Rahul , Jha Pankaj
Published: July 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) aims to create a virtual platform for intelligent interactions among physical devices, vehicles, home appliances (smart homes), and other objects embedded with sensors and actuators that communicate via internet protocols (IP). In addition to RFID sensors, a radar-based sensor for IoT applications has been introduced. This emerging technology not only supplies information to the IoT system but also enhances security by detecting potential stealth threats to the smart environment. This paper investigates the feasibility of incorporating radar systems as sensor devices, contributing to the successful deployment of IoT systems. Additionally, it reviews various IoT architectures, with a focus on the sensor layer, as presented by different researchers.
A journey from AI to Gen-AI
Authors: Verma Umika
Published: July 2024

The history of artificial intelligence (AI), from its conception to the creation of general AI (Gen-AI), is a fascinating story of human inventiveness, technical growth, and philosophical research. This article examines the historical milestones, major inventions, and transformational concepts that have influenced AI's trajectory. Beginning with early symbolic AI and rule-based systems, it investigates the shift to machine learning, highlighting discoveries in neural networks and deep learning that transformed disciplines such as computer vision and natural language processing. The introduction of generative models, such as GANs and VAEs, resulted in a considerable increase in AI capabilities, paving the path for Gen-AI. Unlike narrow AI, Gen-AI strives to imitate human-like intelligence and adaptability across a wide range of jobs, bringing serious ethical and philosophical concerns. This essay also looks at the current state of Gen-AI, its problems, and possible applications in healthcare, education, finance, and other areas. It finishes by picturing a future in which human-machine collaboration and ethical AI development are prioritized, highlighting the need of continual learning and responsible innovation.
Real-Time Monitoring System with Digital Umbrella.
Authors: Kumar Sohit , Mahato Basanta
Published: July 2024

This research project focuses on enhancing the safety and convenience of street sellers and outdoor campers by developing a real-time monitoring system incorporating GSM, GPRS, GPS, and MCU nodes. The system provides live location tracking and an emergency button for immediate assistance. Designed for vegetable sellers, roadside vendors, and tourists, the project integrates security features and amenities like FM radio, mobile charging, lighting, and fan systems into an automated panel powered by solar energy. The solar umbrella captures and stores solar energy during the day to power LED lights and other devices at night, promoting sustainability. This innovative solution combines practicality with advanced technology, ensuring continuous energy supply and real-time emergency alerts, thus significantly improving user safety and convenience.
A evolução do plano nacional de educação em direitos humanos no contexto das relações de poder e violência
Authors: Cardoso Denylson Douglas de Lima , Ferreira Valdivina Alves
Published: July 2024

O artigo discute os pontos conflitantes entre a perspectiva da democracia e o processo de reivindicação de narrativas atreladas a fragmentação do poder por meio da violência simbólica. É um estudo bibliográfico e implica uma interpretação dos conceitos fundamentais de Agamben e Arendt ao compreender as categorias de violência, poder, totalitarismo e estado de exceção. O artigo responde à pergunta: O que é uma Educação em Direitos Humanos e quais as suas contribuições para o desenvolvimento do poder e da participação democrática? O itinerário traçado para o cumprimento desta tarefa passa pela contextualização do Plano Nacional de Educação em Direitos Humanos, a prática dos direitos humanos como combate à violência institucionalizada e o estado de exceção diante dos desafios da continuidade do Plano Nacional de Educação em Direitos Humanos.
Negara Asing Favorit Pengunjung Jurnal Online Indonesia Fokus Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra
Authors: Razak Abdul , Zulhafizh
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi lima besar negara asing pengunjung jurnal online Indonesia fokus pendidikan bahasa dan sastra Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei terhadap visitor jurnal online per peringkat. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama 12 jam pada satu rentang waktu pada 29 Juni 2024 khusus untuk aktivitas pengumpulan data. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 7 jurnal online bahasa dan sastra Indonesia. Jurnal online yang dipilih adalah jurnal yang melakukan publikasi artikel minimal 2 tahun atau sudah memasuki volume 3. Pemilihan jurnal dilakukan menggunakan teknik insidental per kelompok yakni: 1) Indonesian Journal of Aplied Linguistics (Q2); 2) Basastra: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia (Sinta 3); 3) Indonesia: Jurnal Pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia (Sinta 4); 4) Logat: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Pembelajaran (Sinta 4); 5) Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia (Sinta 5); 6) JUrnal Ilmiah: Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia dan Sastra (Pendistra); 7) Tuah: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra (Belum Terakreditasi); 8) Jurnal PembelajaranBahasa dan Sastra (Belum Terakreditasi). Instrumen penelitian ini adalah pedoman observasi untuk fitur statistics visitors. Selain itu, pedoman cek-ricek digunakan juga untuk memvalidasi data dan hasil analisis data. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian: 1) peringkat ke-1 pengunjung jurnal online adalah Amerika Serikat (skor 40); 2) peringkat ke-2 pengunjung jurnal online adalah Singapura (skor 33); 3) peringkat ke-3 pengunjung jurnal online adalah Cina (skor 25); 4) peringkat ke-4 pengunjung jurnal online adalah Malaysia (skor 21); 5) peringkat ke-5 pengunjung jurnal online adalah Filipina (skor 5). Dari perspektif rasio jumlah pengunjung dan jumlah penduduk, Singapura menempati peringkat pertama sedangkan Amerika Serikat menempati peringkat kedua.
Pembelajaran Keterampilan Menulis Paragraf Prosedur Topik Perkalian Menggunakan Teknik Scaffolding dan Teknik Tugas Menyalin
Authors: Delfiana
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan: 1) prosedur pembelajaran keterampilan menulis paragraf prosedur topik perkalian menggunakan teknik scaffolding dan teknik tugas menyalin; 2) hasil belajar keterampilan menulis paragraf prosedur topik perkalian menggunakan teknik scaffolding dan teknik tugas menyalin. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kelas VII-A SMP Negeri 1 Jakarta di pertemuan pertama semester 1 tahun pelajaran 2024/2025. Populasi penelitian ini adalah para siswa kelas 7.1 yang mengikuti pembelajaran keterampilan menulis paragraf prosedur topik perkalian menggunakan teknik scaffolding dan teknik tugas menyalin yang berjumlah 35 siswa. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 33 yang ditarik secara random sederhana tanpa pengembalian. Untuk mengumpulkan data prosedur pembelajaran keterampilan menulis paragraf prosedur topik perkalian menggunakan teknik scaffolding dan teknik tugas menyalin digunakan pedoman observasi atas atas kegiatan pembelajaran yang direkam melalui media elektronik. Untuk mengumpulkan data hasil belajar keterampilan menulis paragraf prosedur topik perkalian menggunakan teknik scaffolding dan teknik tugas menyalin digunakan tes esai. Tes ini memenuhi syarat validitas isi. Data prosedur pembelajaran keterampilan menulis paragraf prosedur topik perkalian menggunakan teknik scaffolding dan teknik tugas menyalin dinalisis secara tematik per jenis kegiatan pembelajaran. Data hasil belajar keterampilan menulis paragraf prosedur topik perkalian menggunakan teknik scaffolding dan teknik tugas menyalin dianalisis menggunakan prosedur statistik inferensial parametrik yakni uji t satu sampel. Hasil penelitian: 1) prosedur pembelajaran keterampilan menulis paragraf prosedur topik perkalian menggunakan teknik scaffolding dan teknik tugas menyalin mencakup kegiatan awal, kegiatan inti, dan kegiatan akhir; 2) hasil belajar keterampilan menulis paragraf prosedur topik perkalian menggunakan teknik scaffolding dan teknik tugas menyalin berkategori tinggi.
Penguasaan Peribahasa melalui Pembelajaran Menggunakan Teknik Kombinasi dalam Bahan Ajar Khusus
Authors: Wulandesember Nanyk Sudarwati
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan: 1) penguasaan peribahasa melalui pembelajaran menggunakan teknik kombinasi dalam bahan ajar khusus; 2) samakah penguasaan peribahasa melalui pembelajaran menggunakan teknik kombinasi dalam bahan ajar khusus per kelompok sampel. Penelitian dilaksanakann di semester genap tahun ajaran 2023/2024 di SMA Islam Terpadu Fajar Ilahi Batam. Populasi penelitian ini adalah para siswa kelas X yang mengikuti rentetan pembelajaran peribahasa yang menggunakan teknik kombinasi dalam bahan ajar khusus. Mereka berjumlah 35 siswa SMA Islam Terpadu Fajar Ilahi Batam; 19 siswa kelas ihwan dan 17 siswa kelas ahwat. Sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 33 siswa yang ditetapkan melalui rumus statistik; terbagi dari 18 siswa kelas ihwan dan 15 siswa kelas ahwat. Sampel ditarik secara random tanpa pengembalian dari setiap kelompok populasi. Instrumen utama penelitian ini adalah bahan ajar khusus konvensional yang berisi 15 peribahasa. Untuk mengumpulkan data penguasaan peribahasa digunakan instrumen tes berbentuk pilihan ganda empat opsi. Instrumen lain adalah pedoman cek-ricek yang berguna untuk memvalidasi data penguasaan peribahasa. Data penguasaan peribahasa dianalisis menggunakan prosedur statistik inferensial yakni uji t satu sampel dengan mean pembanding sebesar 12,25. Penggunaan prosedur ini memenuhi syarat normalitas dan homogenitas varian populasi. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan: 1) penguasaan peribahasa melalui pembelajaran menggunakan teknik kombinasi dalam bahan ajar khusus bagi anggota sampel berkategori tinggi; 2) tidak terdapat perbedaan kategori penguasaan peribahasa melalui pembelajaran menggunakan teknik kombinasi dalam bahan ajar khusus per kelompok sampel. Dengan demikian, bahan ajar yang disiapkan khusus untuk materi penguasaan peribahasa yang dilengkapi dengan teknik kombinasi efetiktif digunakan.
Macroeconomic forecasting in Poland: lessons from the external shocks
Authors: Rybacki Jakub , Gniazdowski Michał
Published: July 2024

The aim of this paper is to analyse the forecast errors of Polish professional forecasters under theexternal shock of the COVID-19 crisis in 2020-based on the Parkiet competition. This analysis showsthat after the initial disruption related to the imposed lockdown in March and April, commercial economists were able to lower their forecasts errors of the industrial production and retail sales. On the other hand, a far worse performance has been seen in the case of the market variable; either the size of errors or the disagreement were elevated throughout the whole of 2020. Furthermore, long-term forecasts that were produced during the first year of the pandemic have been characterized with visible inconsistencies, i.e. forecasts of economic growth were similar when forecasters either assumed a strong increase in unemployment or when they did not. Economists made the biggest error in case of labour market forecasting. This phenomenon is likely related to the scarcity of information in the public statistics. Such problems are likely to repeat in the case of other external shocks, i.e. the forthcoming energy crisis.
Comparative study of social impact bonds – capital per beneficiary and scheme duration
Authors: Mikołajczak Paweł
Published: July 2024

Despite numerous articles on Social Impact Bonds (SIBs), the current academic debate lacks in-depth empirical research on how countries differ in terms of the direction and level of support using SIBs. The purpose of the article is to examine whether in countries issuing SIBs the intervention objectives differ between countries in terms of the amount of capital allocated per support beneficiary and the term of repayment from the bonds. It shows that schemes classified as ‘social’ have on average higher capital allocated per beneficiary and a longer repayment date. This is confirmed for both SIBs issued worldwide and those issued in the UK and USA. The results of this study provide guidance for public policy makers on the scale of expenditure and the duration of intervention depending on objectives, which can be important both in the sustainable budget planning process and for the issue itself.
Związek między wojną w Ukrainie a kształtowaniem się relacji depozytów do kredytów w bankach w Polsce
Authors: Węgrzyn Paweł , Topczewska Anna
Published: July 2024

Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja związku między wojną w Ukrainie a kształtowaniem się relacji depozytów do kredytów w bankach w Polsce. Autorzy sformułowali hipotezę badawczą, zgodniez którą wojna w Ukrainie negatywnie oddziałuje na relację depozytów do kredytów w bankach w Polsce. W celu weryfikacji przyjętej hipotezy badawczej stworzono model autoregresji wektorowej (VAR), który posłużył do przygotowania prognozy poziomu depozytów i kredytów bankowych po inwazji Rosji na Ukrainę. Następnie zweryfikowano, wykorzystując nieparametryczny test znaków rangowych Wilcoxona, czy prognozowane zmienne oraz obliczony na ich podstawie wskaźnik istotnie różniły się od danych rzeczywistych. Wyniki badań potwierdziły negatywny wpływ wojny w Ukrainie na poziom wskaźnika przedstawiającego stosunek depozytów do kredytów w bankach w Polsce.
Frictional product market, supply chains and the impact of government expenditures on private consumption
Authors: Kopiec Paweł
Published: July 2024

Standard macroeconomic models predict positive values of the government spending multiplier and a decreasing relationship between private consumption and government expenditures. The latter result is at odds with empirical evidence, suggesting that this negative pattern is either moderate or insignificant. Moreover, there are works indicating that this relationship is positive. The aim of this paper is to rationalize positive reactions of both output and consumption induced by higher government spending. To explain those patterns, I use a theoretical model including two ingredients: search frictions in the product market and simple supply chains. It is shown that, in isolation, these two elements give rise to the standard prediction found in the theoretical literature: an increase in fiscal expenditures crowds out private consumption. However, the interaction of both elements generates two equilibria and one of them features both a positive fiscal multiplier and an increasing relationship between government spending and private consumption.
Wzrost znaczenia złota w rezerwach dewizowych banków centralnych gospodarek wschodzących
Authors: Kowalewski Paweł , Skopiec Dominik A.
Published: July 2024

Celem artykułu jest przeanalizowanie czynników, które spowodowały zwiększenie popytu na złoto ze strony banków centralnych gospodarek wschodzących, a także skali wzrostu i wykorzystania złota w rezerwach dewizowych tych banków. Ponadto analizie poddano obszary i przypadki wykorzystania złota przez gospodarki wschodzące oraz przedstawiono determinanty przyszłej roli tego kruszcu. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono tym gospodarkom wschodzącym, w których przyrost rezerw złota w badanym okresie był największy. Tezą artykułu jest twierdzenie, że wzrost udziału złota w rezerwach dewizowych banków centralnych gospodarek wschodzących wynikał zarówno z dysfunkcjonalności współczesnego międzynarodowego systemu walutowego, jak i z unikalnych cech złota jako rodzaju aktywów rezerwowych, a także coraz bardziej wiązał się ze wzrostem znaczenia czynników geopolitycznych.
Zarządzanie kryzysowe w sektorze ubezpieczeniowym – o upadłości i resolution ubezpieczycieli w Polsce
Authors: Kozińska Magdalena
Published: July 2024

Studia literatury oraz analiza przypadków potwierdzają, że sektor ubezpieczeniowy nie jest wolny od problemów finansowych i zagrożenia upadłością funkcjonujących w nim zakładów. Upadłości te prowadzą zazwyczaj do reformy uprawnień instytucji tworzących sieć bezpieczeństwa finansowego. Rekomendacje międzynarodowe wskazują na potrzebę stworzenia systemu zarządzania kryzysowego w sektorze ubezpieczeniowym. W Unii Europejskiej przygotowano projekt dyrektywy IRR (IRRD), której celem będzie stworzenie ram restrukturyzacji i uporządkowanej likwidacji (ang. resolution) zakładów ubezpieczeń. Celem artykułu jest ocena rozwiązań z zakresu zarządzania kryzysowego przez sieć bezpieczeństwa finansowego dostępnych dla rynku ubezpieczeniowego w Polsce oraz wskazanie rekomendowanych kierunków ich zmian. Przeprowadzona analiza wskazuje, że obowiązujące w Polsce rozwiązania nie są optymalne i nie zapewniają efektywnego zarządzania sytuacją kryzysową w sektorze ubezpieczeniowym. Stworzenie systemu resolution odpowiadającego specyfice sektora ubezpieczeniowego mogłoby wyeliminować zidentyfikowane problemy. Wskazano też, w jaki sposób stworzenie systemu resolution wpłynęłoby na zakłady ubezpieczeniowe.
Application of the Bayesian approach in loss given default modelling
Authors: Ptak-Chmielewska Aneta , Kopciuszewski Paweł
Published: July 2024

In some credit portfolios the number of observed defaults is always very limited. This is particularly evident in the Loss Given Default (LGD) estimation based on the new definition of default (the new definition of default was introduced in European banks in recent years) where only a small sample of empirical data is observed. The basic proposed LGD model is based on splitting recoveries into two classes of recoveries: value close to 0 or close to 1. This paper addresses also the problem with unresolved cases using the Bayesian approach, which assumes a distribution of further recoveries for unresolved cases. The Bayesian approach is considered with a combination of two binary models. The modelling approach for LGD is illustrated on real data for a long time period for mortgage loans. The proposed methodology takes into account the specificity of LGD data for both bimodal LGD distribution and uncertainty about unresolved cases, which lead to reduce a model bias.
Targeted Longer-Term Refinancing Operations – history and evolution from the perspective of commercial banks’ ability to meet liquidity requirements
Authors: Kowalewski Paweł , Lepczyński Błażej
Published: July 2024

The outbreak of the Great Financial Crisis in 2008 forced the largest central banks to use new tools, which gradually began to become part of their unconventional monetary policy. The most spectacular example of the new policy was asset purchases. However, due to the specific nature of the euro area, the ECB has long abstained from launching such purchases and, as a result, has long resorted to its constantly improved refinancing operations. As a result, these refinancing operations have become one of the most important tools of the Eurosystem. They retained their important role even after the ECB launched its expanded asset purchases in 2015, and the subsequent pandemic crisis further underlined their importance. Such operations contributed (together with asset purchases) to the creation of a huge excess liquidity, which had a significant impact on the behaviour of the participants of the banking system. The application of these operations coincided with the efforts of the supervisory authorities to gradually enforce the new liquidity requirements on banks. The aim of this article is to answer the question of how both the course of refinancing operations and their subsequent phasing out affected the ability of banks to meet these requirements.