bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linking environmental filtering and disequilibrium to biogeography with a community climate framework
Authors: Blonder Benjamin , Nogués-Bravo David , Borregaard Michael K. , Donoghue II John C. , Jørgensen Peter M. , Kraft Nathan J. B. , Lessard Jean-Philippe , Morueta-Holme Naia , Sandel Brody , Svenning Jens-Christian , Violle Cyrille , Rahbek Carsten , Enquist Brian J.
Published: April 2015

We present a framework to measure the strength of environmental filtering and disequilibrium of the species composition of a local community across time, relative to past, current, and future climates. We demonstrate the framework by measuring the impact of climate change on New World forests, integrating data for climate niches of more than 14 000 species, community composition of 471 New World forest plots, and observed climate across the most recent glacial–interglacial interval. We show that a majority of communities have species compositions that are strongly filtered and are more in equilibrium with current climate than random samples from the regional pool. Variation in the level of current community disequilibrium can be predicted from Last Glacial Maximum climate and will increase with near‐future climate change.
Odanacatib, A Cathepsin K‐Specific Inhibitor, Inhibits Inflammation and Bone Loss Caused by Periodontal Diseases
Authors: Hao Liang , Chen Jianwei , Zhu Zheng , Reddy Michael S. , Mountz John D. , Chen Wei , Li Yi‐Ping
Published: April 2015

Background: Periodontitis is a bacteria‐induced inflammatory disease mainly affecting periodontal tissues, leading to periodontal inflammation, bone breakdown, and loss of the tooth. The main obstacle for treating periodontitis effectively is the difficulty in finding a target that can inhibit bone loss and inflammation simultaneously. Recent studies showed that cathepsin K (CTSK) might have functions in the immune system besides its role in osteoclasts. Thus, targeting CTSK would have a potential therapeutic effect in both the bone system and the immune system during the progression of periodontitis.

Methods: In the current study, a small molecular inhibitor (odanacatib [ODN]) is explored to inhibit the function of CTSK in a bacteria‐induced periodontitis mouse model.

Results: The application of ODN decreased the number of osteoclasts, macrophages, and T cells, as well as the expression of Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) in the periodontitis lesion area. Furthermore, lack of CTSK inhibited the expression of TLR4, TLR5, and TLR9 and their downstream cytokine signaling in the gingival epithelial cells in periodontitis lesions, demonstrating that the innate immune response was inhibited in periodontitis.

Conclusion: The present results show that inhibition of CTSK can prevent bone loss and the immune response during the progression of periodontitis, indicating that CTSK is a promising target for treating inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis by affecting both osteoclasts and the immune system.
Periodontal Inflammatory Conditions Among Smokers and Never‐Smokers With and Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Javed Fawad , Al‐Kheraif Abdulaziz A. , Salazar‐Lazo Karem , Yanez‐Fontenla Virginia , Aldosary Khalid M. , Alshehri Mohammed , Malmstrom Hans , Romanos Georgios E.
Published: April 2015

Background: There is a dearth of studies regarding the influence of cigarette smoking on periodontal inflammatory conditions among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of the present study is to assess periodontal inflammatory conditions among smokers and never‐smokers with and without T2DM.

Methods: One hundred individuals (50 patients with T2DM [25 smokers and 25 never‐smokers] and 50 controls [25 smokers and 25 never‐smokers]) were included. Information regarding age, sex, duration and daily frequency of smoking, duration and treatment of diabetes, and oral hygiene was recorded using a questionnaire. Periodontal parameters (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], probing depth [PD], clinical attachment loss [AL], and marginal bone loss [MBL]) were measured. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were also recorded.

Results: Mean age, monthly income status, and education levels were comparable among smokers and never‐smokers with and without T2DM. Mean HbA1c levels were significantly higher among patients with T2DM (8.2% ± 0.1%) compared with controls (4.4% ± 0.3%) (P <0.05). Smokers in the control group were smoking significantly greater numbers of cigarettes (15.5 ± 2.5 cigarettes daily) compared with smokers with T2DM (6.2 ± 2.1 cigarettes daily) (P <0.05). Periodontal parameters were comparable among smokers and never‐smokers with T2DM. Among controls, periodontal parameters (PI [P <0.05], AL [P <0.05], PD ≥4 mm [P <0.05], and MBL [P <0.05]) were significantly higher in smokers than never‐smokers. Never‐smokers with T2DM had worse periodontal status than smokers and never‐smokers in the control group (P <0.05).

Conclusions: Periodontal inflammatory conditions are comparable among smokers and never‐smokers with T2DM. Among controls, periodontal inflammation is worse among smokers than never‐smokers.
The Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program in the Age of Health Care Reform
Authors: Cahill Sean R. , Mayer Kenneth H. , Boswell Stephen L.
Published: April 2015

Thanks to the Affordable Care Act, thousands of people living with HIV who have received Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program–funded care are now eligible for Medicaid or subsidized insurance.

The protection against insurance discrimination on the basis of preexisting conditions is increasing health care access for many, but this does not mean that the Ryan White Program is no longer needed. Services essential to improving outcomes on the continuum of HIV care are not supported by any other source.

Because of the growing number of people living with HIV, we must increase funding for the Ryan White Program and increase the number of HIV care providers.
Health Insurance Disparities Among Racial/Ethnic Minorities in Same-Sex Relationships: An Intersectional Approach
Authors: Gonzales Gilbert , Ortiz Kasim
Published: April 2015

Objectives. We examined disparities in health insurance coverage for racial/ethnic minorities in same-sex relationships.

Methods. We used data from the 2009 to 2011 American Community Survey on nonelderly adults (aged 25–64 years) in same-sex (n = 32 744), married opposite-sex (n = 2 866 636), and unmarried opposite-sex (n = 268 298) relationships. We used multinomial logistic regression models to compare differences in the primary source of health insurance while controlling for key demographic and socioeconomic factors.

Results. Adults of all races/ethnicities in same-sex relationships were less likely than were White adults in married opposite-sex relationships to report having employer-sponsored health insurance. Hispanic men, Black women, and American Indian/Alaska Native women in same-sex relationships were much less likely to have employer-sponsored health insurance than were their White counterparts in married opposite-sex relationships and their White counterparts in same-sex relationships.

Conclusions. Differences in coverage by relationship type and race/ethnicity may worsen over time as states follow different paths to implementing health care reform and same-sex marriage.
The Association Between State Laws Regulating Handgun Ownership and Statewide Suicide Rates
Authors: Anestis Michael D. , Khazem Lauren R. , Law Keyne C. , Houtsma Claire , LeTard Rachel , Moberg Fallon , Martin Rachel
Published: April 2015

Objectives. We examined the impact of 3 state laws (permit to purchase a handgun, registration of handguns, license to own a handgun) on suicide rates.

Methods. We used 2010 data from publicly available databases and state legislatures to assess the relationships between our predictors and outcomes.

Results. Results largely indicated that states with any of these laws in place exhibited lower overall suicide rates and suicide by firearms rates and that a smaller proportion of suicides in such states resulted from firearms. Furthermore, results indicated that laws requiring registration and license had significant indirect effects through the proportion of suicides resulting from firearms. The latter results imply that such laws are associated with fewer suicide attempts overall, a tendency for those who attempt to use less-lethal means, or both. Exploratory longitudinal analyses indicated a decrease in overall suicide rates immediately following implementation of laws requiring a license to own a handgun.

Conclusions. The results are thus supportive of the potential of handgun legislation to have an impact on suicide rates.
Searching the Web for Influenza Vaccines: HealthMap Vaccine Finder
Authors: Huston Jane E. , Mekaru Sumiko R. , Kluberg Sheryl , Brownstein John S.
Published: April 2015

Objectives. The goal of the HealthMap Vaccine Finder is to provide a free, comprehensive, online service where users can search for locations that offer immunizations. In this article, we describe the data and systems underlying the HealthMap Vaccine Finder (HVF) and summarize the project’s first year of operations.

Methods. We collected data on vaccination services from a variety of providers for 2012–2013. Data are used to populate an online, public, searchable map.

Results. In its first year, HVF collected information from 1256 providers representing 46 381 locations. The public Web site received 625 124 visits during the 2012–2013 influenza vaccination season.

Conclusions. HVF is a unique tool that connects the public to vaccine providers in their communities. During the 2012–2013 influenza season, HVF experienced significant usage and was able to respond to user feedback with new features.
“Fighting a Hurricane”: Tobacco Industry Efforts to Counter the Perceived Threat of Islam
Authors: Petticrew Mark , Lee Kelley , Ali Haider , Nakkash Rima
Published: April 2015

Islamic countries are of key importance to transnational tobacco companies as growing markets with increasing smoking rates. We analyzed internal tobacco industry documents to assess the industry’s response to rising concerns about tobacco use within Islamic countries.

The tobacco industry perceived Islam as a significant threat to its expansion into these emerging markets. To counter these concerns, the industry framed antismoking views in Islamic countries as fundamentalist and fanatical and attempted to recruit Islamic consultants to portray smoking as acceptable. Tobacco industry lawyers also helped develop theological arguments in favor of smoking.

These findings are valuable to researchers and policymakers seeking to implement culturally appropriate measures in Islamic countries under the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.
Using Pharmacies in a Structural Intervention to Distribute Low Dead Space Syringes to Reduce HIV and HCV Transmission in People Who Inject Drugs
Authors: Oramasionwu Christine U. , Johnson Terence L. , Zule William A. , Carda-Auten Jessica , Golin Carol E.
Published: April 2015

Ongoing injection drug use contributes to the HIV and HCV epidemics in people who inject drugs. In many places, pharmacies are the primary source of sterile syringes for people who inject drugs; thus, pharmacies provide a viable public health service that reduces blood-borne disease transmission.

Replacing the supply of high dead space syringes with low dead space syringes could have far-reaching benefits that include further prevention of disease transmission in people who inject drugs and reductions in dosing inaccuracies, medication errors, and medication waste in patients who use syringes.

We explored using pharmacies in a structural intervention to increase the uptake of low dead space syringes as part of a comprehensive strategy to reverse these epidemics.
Health Care Disparities in the Post–Affordable Care Act Era
Authors: Adepoju Omolola E. , Preston Michael A. , Gonzales Gilbert
Published: April 2015

Disparities in health care have been targeted for elimination by federal agencies and professional organizations, including the American Public Health Association. Although the Affordable Care Act (ACA) provides a valuable first step in reducing the disparities gap, progress is contingent upon whether opportunities in the ACA help or hinder populations at risk for impaired health and limited access to medical care.
Modern Diagnostics of Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines – Some Selected Issues / Nowoczesna Diagnostyka Lotniczych Silników Turbinowych - Wybrane Zagadnienia
Authors: Lewitowicz Jerzy , Kowalski Mirosław , Żyluk Andrzej
Published: April 2015

In aeronautics, the question of maintaining the highest possible level of flight safety is the most crucial issue. This is the reason why the scientists, engineers, and aerospace/aviation engineering staff keep searching for ever newer and more reliable methods of increasing the safety level. Therefore, new methods - primarily nondestructive ones - to diagnose aircraft turbine engines are looked for. These methods are expected to prove useful for the real-time monitoring of actual health of the engine and its assemblies. The paper has been intended to outline the most recent methods of diagnosing aircraft turbine engines, including the computed tomography methods as applied to assess health/maintenance status of turbine blades, for the phase mapping of increments in the engine’s rotational speed, to diagnose health/maintenance status of the compressor’s 1st stage rotor blades in pure jets. Other methods discussed are, e.g. vibroacoustic and tribological ones
The Impact of Childhood Emotional Abuse and Experiential Avoidance on Maladaptive Problem Solving and Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Bell Kathryn , Higgins Lorrin
Published: April 2015

The purpose of the current study was to examine the joint influences of experiential avoidance and social problem solving on the link between childhood emotional abuse (CEA) and intimate partner violence (IPV). Experiential avoidance following CEA may interfere with a person’s ability to effectively problem solve in social situations, increasing risk for conflict and interpersonal violence. As part of a larger study, 232 women recruited from the community completed measures assessing childhood emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, experiential avoidance, maladaptive social problem solving, and IPV perpetration and victimization. Final trimmed models indicated that CEA was indirectly associated with IPV victimization and perpetration via experiential avoidance and Negative Problem Orientation (NPO) and Impulsivity/Carelessness Style (ICS) social problem solving strategies. Though CEA was related to an Avoidance Style (AS) social problem solving strategy, this strategy was not significantly associated with IPV victimization or perpetration. Experiential avoidance had both a direct and indirect effect, via NPO and ICS social problem solving, on IPV victimization and perpetration. Findings suggest that CEA may lead some women to avoid unwanted internal experiences, which may adversely impact their ability to effectively problem solve in social situations and increase IPV risk.
Isolation and Characterization of Polyacrylamide-Degrading Bacteria from Dewatered Sludge
Authors: Yu Feng , Fu Ruimin , Xie Yun , Chen Wuling
Published: April 2015

Polyacrylamide (PAM) is a water-soluble polymer that is widely used as a flocculant in sewage treatment. The accumulation of PAM affects the formation of dewatered sludge and potentially produces hazardous monomers. In the present study, the bacterial strain HI47 was isolated from dewatered sludge. This strain could metabolize PAM as its sole nutrient source and was subsequently identified as Pseudomonas putida. The efficiency of PAM degradation was 31.1% in 7 days and exceeded 45% under optimum culture condition (pH 7.2, 39 °C and 100 rpm). The addition of yeast extract and glucose improved the bacterial growth and PAM degradation. The degraded PAM samples were analyzed by gel-filtration chromatography, Fourier transform infrared and high-performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that high-molecular-weight PAM was partly cleaved to small molecular oligomer derivatives and part of the amide groups of PAM had been converted to carboxyl groups. The biodegradation did not accumulate acrylamide monomers. Based on the SDS-PAGE and N-terminal sequencing results, the PAM amide groups were converted into carboxyl groups by a PAM-induced extracellular enzyme from the aliphatic amidase family.
Characterization of Peptides Found in Unprocessed and Extruded Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) Pepsin/Pancreatin Hydrolysates
Authors: Montoya-Rodríguez Alvaro , Milán-Carrillo Jorge , Reyes-Moreno Cuauhtémoc , De Mejía Elvira
Published: April 2015

The objectives of this study were to characterize peptides found in unprocessed amaranth hydrolysates (UAH) and extruded amaranth hydrolysates (EAH) and to determine the effect of the hydrolysis time on the profile of peptides produced. Amaranth grain was extruded in a single screw extruder at 125 °C of extrusion temperature and 130 rpm of screw speed. Unprocessed and extruded amaranth flour were hydrolyzed with pepsin/pancreatin enzymes following a kinetic at 10, 25, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min for each enzyme. After 180 min of pepsin hydrolysis, aliquots were taken at each time during pancreatin hydrolysis to characterize the hydrolysates by MALDI-TOF/MS-MS. Molecular masses (MM) (527, 567, 802, 984, 1295, 1545, 2034 and 2064 Da) of peptides appeared consistently during hydrolysis, showing high intensity at 10 min (2064 Da), 120 min (802 Da) and 180 min (567 Da) in UAH. EAH showed high intensity at 10 min (2034 Da) and 120 min (984, 1295 and 1545 Da). Extrusion produced more peptides with MM lower than 1000 Da immediately after 10 min of hydrolysis. Hydrolysis time impacted on the peptide profile, as longer the time lower the MM in both amaranth hydrolysates. Sequences obtained were analyzed for their biological activity at BIOPEP, showing important inhibitory activities related to chronic diseases. These peptides could be used as a food ingredient/supplement in a healthy diet to prevent the risk to develop chronic diseases.
Predicting the Uncertain Future of Aptamer-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutics
Authors: Bruno John
Published: April 2015

Despite the great promise of nucleic acid aptamers in the areas of diagnostics and therapeutics for their facile in vitro development, lack of immunogenicity and other desirable properties, few truly successful aptamer-based products exist in the clinical or other markets. Core reasons for these commercial deficiencies probably stem from industrial commitment to antibodies including a huge financial investment in humanized monoclonal antibodies and a general ignorance about aptamers and their performance among the research and development community. Given the early failures of some strong commercial efforts to gain government approval and bring aptamer-based products to market, it may seem that aptamers are doomed to take a backseat to antibodies forever. However, the key advantages of aptamers over antibodies coupled with niche market needs that only aptamers can fill and more recent published data still point to a bright commercial future for aptamers in areas such as infectious disease and cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. As more researchers and entrepreneurs become familiar with aptamers, it seems inevitable that aptamers will at least be considered for expanded roles in diagnostics and therapeutics. This review also examines new aptamer modifications and attempts to predict new aptamer applications that could revolutionize biomedical technology in the future and lead to marketed products.
Wharton’s Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as a Promising Cellular Therapeutic Strategy for the Management of Graft-versus-Host Disease
Authors: McGuirk Joseph , Smith J. , Divine Clint , Zuniga Micheal , Weiss Mark
Published: April 2015

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT), a treatment option in hematologic malignancies and bone marrow failure syndromes, is frequently complicated by Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The primary treatment for GVHD involves immune suppression by glucocorticoids. However, patients are often refractory to the steroid therapy, and this results in a poor prognosis. Therefore alternative therapies are needed to treat GVHD. Here, we review data supporting the clinical investigation of a novel cellular therapy using Wharton’s jelly (WJ)-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) as a potentially safe and effective therapeutic strategy in the management of GVHD. Adult-derived sources of MSCs have demonstrated signals of efficacy in the management of GVHD. However, there are limitations, including: limited proliferation capacity; heterogeneity of cell sources; lengthy expansion time to clinical dose; expansion failure in vitro; and a painful, invasive, isolation procedure for the donor. Therefore, alternative MSC sources for cellular therapy are sought. The reviewed data suggests MSCs derived from WJ may be a safe and effective cellular therapy for GVHD. Laboratories investigated and defined the immune properties of WJ-MSCs for potential use in cellular therapy. These cells represent a more uniform cell population than bone marrow-derived MSCs, displaying robust immunosuppressive properties and lacking significant immunogenicity. They can be collected safely and painlessly from individuals at birth, rapidly expanded and stored cryogenically for later clinical use. Additionally, data we reviewed suggested licensing MSCs (activating MSCs by exposure to cytokines) to enhance effectiveness in treating GVHD. Therefore, WJCs should be tested as a second generation, relatively homogeneous allogeneic cell therapy for the treatment of GVHD.
Characterization of Novel Castor Oil-Based Polyurethane Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Ibrahim Salmiah , Ahmad Azizan , Mohamed Nor
Published: April 2015

Castor oil-based polyurethane as a renewable resource polymer has been synthesized for application as a host in polymer electrolyte for electrochemical devices. The polyurethane was added with LiI and NaI in different wt% to form a film of polymer electrolytes. The films were characterized by using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, linear sweep voltammetry and transference number measurement. The highest conductivity of 1.42 × 10−6 S cm−1 was achieved with the addition of 30 wt% LiI and 4.28 × 10−7 S·cm−1 upon addition of 30 wt% NaI at room temperature. The temperature dependence conductivity plot indicated that both systems obeyed Arrhenius law. The activation energy for the PU-LiI and PU-NaI systems were 0.13 and 0.22 eV. Glass transition temperature of the synthesized polyurethane decreased from −15.8 °C to ~ −26 to −28 °C upon salts addition. These characterizations exhibited the castor oil-based polyurethane polymer electrolytes have potential to be used as alternative membrane for electrochemical devices.
The Key Role of Peltate Glandular Trichomes in Symbiota Comprising Clavicipitaceous Fungi of the Genus Periglandula and Their Host Plants
Authors: Steiner Ulrike , Hellwig Sabine , Ahimsa-Müller Mahalia , Grundmann Nicola , Li Shu-Ming , Drewke Christel , Leistner Eckhard
Published: April 2015

Clavicipitaceous fungi producing ergot alkaloids were recently discovered to be epibiotically associated with peltate glandular trichomes of Ipomoea asarifolia and Turbina corymbosa, dicotyledonous plants of the family Convolvulaceae. Mediators of the close association between fungi and trichomes may be sesquiterpenes, main components in the volatile oil of different convolvulaceous plants. Molecular biological studies and microscopic investigations led to the observation that the trichomes do not only secrete sesquiterpenes and palmitic acid but also seem to absorb ergot alkaloids from the epibiotic fungal species of the genus Periglandula. Thus, the trichomes are likely to have a dual and key function in a metabolic dialogue between fungus and host plant.
A Structurally Simplified Hybrid Model of Genetic Algorithm and Support Vector Machine for Prediction of Chlorophyll a in Reservoirs
Authors: Su Jieqiong , Wang Xuan , Zhao Shouyan , Chen Bin , Li Chunhui , Yang Zhifeng
Published: April 2015

With decreasing water availability as a result of climate change and human activities, analysis of the influential factors and variation trends of chlorophyll a has become important to prevent reservoir eutrophication and ensure water supply safety. In this paper, a structurally simplified hybrid model of the genetic algorithm (GA) and the support vector machine (SVM) was developed for the prediction of monthly concentration of chlorophyll a in the Miyun Reservoir of northern China over the period from 2000 to 2010. Based on the influence factor analysis, the four most relevant influence factors of chlorophyll a (i.e., total phosphorus, total nitrogen, permanganate index, and reservoir storage) were extracted using the method of feature selection with the GA, which simplified the model structure, making it more practical and efficient for environmental management. The results showed that the developed simplified GA-SVM model could solve nonlinear problems of complex system, and was suitable for the simulation and prediction of chlorophyll a with better performance in accuracy and efficiency in the Miyun Reservoir.
Sequence-specific RNA cleavage by PNA conjugates of the metal-free artificial ribonuclease tris(2-aminobenzimidazole)
Authors: Danneberg Friederike , Ghidini Alice , Dogandzhiyski Plamena , Kalden Elisabeth , Strömberg Roger , Göbel Michael W
Published: April 2015

Tris(2-aminobenzimidazole) conjugates with antisense oligonucleotides are effective site-specific RNA cleavers. Their mechanism of action is independent of metal ions. Here we investigate conjugates with peptide nucleic acids (PNA). RNA degradation occurs with similar rates and substrate specificities as in experiments with DNA conjugates we performed earlier. Although aggregation phenomena are observed in some cases, proper substrate recognition is not compromised. While our previous synthesis of 2-aminobenzimidazoles required an HgO induced cyclization step, a mercury free variant is described herein.
Levels in Plasma of the Serine Proteases and Associated Proteins of the Lectin Pathway Are Altered in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Troldborg Anne , Thiel Steffen , Laska Magdalena Janina , Deleuran Bent , Jensenius Jens Christian , Stengaard-Pedersen Kristian
Published: April 2015

Objective.

To examine whether proteins of the lectin pathway of the complement system are involved in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis.

Methods.

Using time-resolved immunofluorometric assays, plasma levels of mannan-binding lectin (MBL)-associated serine proteases 1 (MASP-1), MASP-2, MASP-3, MBL-associated protein of 19 kDa (MAp19), and MAp44 were determined in 58 patients with SLE and 65 healthy controls (HC).

Results.

Plasma concentrations in patients with SLE were higher than HC regarding MASP-1, MASP-3, and MAp44 (p < 0.0001, 0.0003, and 0.0013). Complement factor 3 correlated negatively and anti-dsDNA positively with levels of MAp19 (p = 0.0035, p = 0.0133).

Conclusion.

In SLE, plasma levels of MASP and MAp are altered and associated with SLE characteristics, supporting a role in SLE pathogenesis.
Éclats de mots : pouvoir de la parole et vulnérabilité
Authors: Laufer Laurie
Published: April 2015

Les mots ont un pouvoir double, celui d’être la condition d’une puissance d’agir, et celui de la blessure ou d’une injonction à se taire. Être livré à la violence de l’autre, expérimenter l’impact d’une parole et le pouvoir des mots, c’est reconnaître sa propre vulnérabilité et, en vertu de celle-ci, sa capacité à agir. Le récit de Jane Sautière, Nullipare , permet de mettre en perspective cette vulnérabilité et l’emprise du discours sur le corps féminin. Dans son ouvrage, l’auteure écrit les effets d’un signifiant, nullipare, sur le corps d’une femme qui, par choix, n’a pas porté d’enfant. Qu’est-ce qu’une situation ou une rencontre qui prendrait en compte la vulnérabilité du sujet sans en figer la condition de victime et sans psychologisation ? L’action spécifique de l’«  autre secourable  » ( Nebenmensch )dans le cadre psychanalytique peut régler le jeu de ces vulnérabilités respectives.
Du pónos à l’ enkômion , les formes de la sociabilité agonistique
Authors: Cogan Gwenola
Published: April 2015

Au V e s. av. J.-C., les poètes comme Pindare ou Bacchylide composèrent des épinicies pour célébrer les victoires des athlètes, pour chanter leur félicité. Pour qui s’intéresse également aux pratiques sociales, ces œuvres sont riches d’indices sur une sociabilité singulière liée à la préparation des concurrents pour ces compétitions. La préparation physique des athlètes nécessitait le recours aux plus grands entraîneurs. Enfin, les déplacements qui avaient lieu étaient autant d’occasions de nouer et d’entretenir des liens privilégiés avec les citoyens qui recevaient les concurrents dans leur cité le temps de la compétition. L’ensemble des mécanismes de cette « sociabilité agonistique » est ici abordé à partir des parcours de jeunes athlètes éginètes.
Magia simpática y mentalidad mágico-religiosa entre Antigüedad y mundo moderno. ¿Una estructura mental de muy larga duración?
Authors: Alvar Nuño Antón
Published: April 2015

L’un des concepts les plus habituels en sciences des religions est celui de magie “sympathique” que J. G. Frazer a défini. Bien que les thèses de l’anthropologue britannique qui considère la magie comme “fausse science” sont dépassées, son concept de “magie sympathique” comme stratégie cognitive d’association d’idées demeure. Cet article pose le problème de savoir jusqu’à quel point la catégorie de magie “sympathique” peut être considérée comme une catégorie universelle et dans quelle mesure sa conceptualisation dépend des fondements biologiques, comme
Retour sur la dépossession Israël, la Nakba , les Choses
Authors: Stein Rebecca L.
Published: April 2015

Considérant la façon dont des juifs israéliens de diverses communautés ont dû faire face à l’histoire de la dépossession palestinienne au cours de la guerre de 1948-1949, cet article traite de la manière dont cette histoire affecte les choses ayant appartenu aux Palestiniens et propose un changement de perspective en mettant l’accent non plus sur la dépossession mais sur la re-possession . Il s’agit de prendre au sérieux les modalités selon lesquelles, une fois appropriées, les choses palestiniennes prennent sens à l’intérieur de la matrice politique israélienne ; il s’agit également de savoir comment les mémoires israéliennes réussissent ou échouent à s’attacher à ces choses ; il s’agit enfin de se demander ce que de tels processus ont à nous dire sur le nationalisme israélien de colonisation et ses techniques quotidiennes.
De la présence portugaise dans un culte berrichon
Authors: Etienne Guillaume
Published: April 2015

Cet article s’attache à décrire la patrimonialisation d’un pèlerinage berrichon approprié depuis les années 1960 par les Portugais. Depuis l’intervention des Portugais, cet événement est décrit par ses participants comme faisant partie de leur patrimoine et leur présence est perçue comme salutaire au culte. D’autre part, parce qu’il se trouve à la croisée des sphères du religieux et de l’ethnique, du local et de l’international, ce pèlerinage constitue un territoire symbolique où il est possible de dire une appartenance portugaise en même temps que d’autres appartenances.
La décision médicale en oncologie : évolutions récentes
Authors: Ferté Charles , Degiovanni Chantal
Published: April 2015

La pression croissante des essais cliniques, et surtout l’intégration récente des données génomiques dans le processus de décision, tendent à transformer profondément la décision médicale en oncologie. Pour ne pas être à terme dépossédé de celle-ci, l’oncologue moderne devra embrasser ces changements d’environnement – ce qui suppose un réel effort d’adaptation et de formation des futures générations d’étudiants.
Suicide des personnes écrouées en France : évolution et facteurs de risque
Authors: Duthé Géraldine , Hazard Angélique , Kensey Annie
Published: April 2015

Le niveau de suicide en prison est actuellement élevé en France : 18,5 suicides pour 10 000 personnes écrouées pendant la période 2005-2010, soit sept fois plus qu’en population générale. Cet article présente l’évolution du suicide depuis le milieu du xix e  siècle, mettant en avant une spécificité croissante du suicide en milieu carcéral par rapport à la population générale. L’analyse porte ensuite sur les associations qui existent entre les risques de suicide et les caractéristiques individuelles, à partir de la base de gestion de l’administration pénitentiaire qui regroupe l’ensemble des séjours sous écrou observés en France entre le 1 er  janvier 2006 et le 15 juillet 2009. Sur cette période, près de 378 000 séjours ont été observés (correspondant à plus de 221 000 personnes-années) et 378 suicides ont été identifiés. Les résultats confirment la vulnérabilité des personnes en détention provisoire et montrent le rôle prépondérant de l’isolement, qu’il soit physique ou social, ainsi que celui de la nature de l’infraction qui a motivé la mise sous écrou. Si l’amélioration de l’environnement du détenu est un point mis en avant dans les nouvelles politiques de prévention, la nature de l’infraction, comme facteur de risque suicidaire, devrait également être prise en compte.
La matrice pénale
Authors: Roux Sébastien
Published: April 2015

La Protection judiciaire de la jeunesse est une direction du ministère de la Justice chargée de l’éducation des mineur-e-s « sous main de justice ». Suivi-e-s par des juges pour enfants dans le cadre de la protection des mineurs délinquants (ordonnance de 1945) et des enfants en danger (ordonnance de 1958), ces mineur-e-s sont pris-e-s en charge par des professionnel-le-s de la PJJ, éducateur-trice-s principalement, mais aussi psychologues et assistant-e-s de travail social. À partir de données recueillies lors d’une enquête ethnographique conduite en 2010 au sein d’un Service Territorial de Milieu Ouvert (STEMO), cet article interroge les pratiques et les discours des professionnels qui érigent l’autonomie et la responsabilité en valeurs matricielles et justificatrices de leur action. Le travail socio-judiciaire est ainsi appréhendé comme un processus institutionnel visant à fabriquer des sujets acceptables, futurs adultes autonomes et responsables, c’est-à-dire aptes à exister comme sujets indépendants, distincts et de valeur, parce que normés. Cet article interroge ainsi la dimension réhabilitative du contrôle, pour problématiser le travail social comme une pédagogie contraignante qui cherche à faire advenir les mineurs comme sujets aux capacités supérieures, en travaillant à la transformation de leurs désirs et de leurs volontés.
Pressure ulcers: Current understanding and newer modalities of treatment
Authors: Bhattacharya Surajit , Mishra R. K.
Published: April 2015

This article reviews the mechanism, symptoms, causes, severity, diagnosis, prevention and present recommendations for surgical as well as non-surgical management of pressure ulcers. Particular focus has been placed on the current understandings and the newer modalities for the treatment of pressure ulcers. The paper also covers the role of nutrition and pressure-release devices such as cushions and mattresses as a part of the treatment algorithm for preventing and quick healing process of these wounds. Pressure ulcers develop primarily from pressure and shear; are progressive in nature and most frequently found in bedridden, chair bound or immobile people. They often develop in people who have been hospitalised for a long time generally for a different problem and increase the overall time as well as cost of hospitalisation that have detrimental effects on patient’s quality of life. Loss of sensation compounds the problem manifold, and failure of reactive hyperaemia cycle of the pressure prone area remains the most important aetiopathology. Pressure ulcers are largely preventable in nature, and their management depends on their severity. The available literature about severity of pressure ulcers, their classification and medical care protocols have been described in this paper. The present treatment options include various approaches of cleaning the wound, debridement, optimised dressings, role of antibiotics and reconstructive surgery. The newer treatment options such as negative pressure wound therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, cell therapy have been discussed, and the advantages and disadvantages of current and newer methods have also been described.
Review of clinical and endoscopic features of metastatic tumors of the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Mohanprasad V G. , Patil Praveen M. , Prasad Madhura S. , K. Shanker R Gokul
Published: April 2015

Aim: The aim was to determine the utility of capsule endoscopy (CE) in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB). Materials and Methods: A prospective study of patients who underwent CE at our institution from 2002 to 2010. Results: A total of 259 patients were included in this study (mean age 52.3 years; 200 male and 59 female), including 175 with overt OGIB, and 20 with occult OGIB, underwent CE. One hundred eighty-nine of 195 patients (96%) with OGIB had positive findings. Gastric erosions (23%), duodenal erosions (13%) and ileal erosions (11%) were the most frequent findings. Conclusion: Capsule endoscopy is a useful diagnostic technique in patients with OGIB.
Effects of essential oils from African basil on fermentation ofAndropogon gayanusgrass in the Artificial Rumen (RUSITEC)
Authors: Kouazounde Jacques B. , Gbenou Joachim D. , He Maolong , Jardim Túlio , Jin Long , Wang Yuxi , Beauchemin Karen A. , McAllister Tim A.
Published: April 2015

Kouazounde, J. B., Gbenou, J. D., He, M., Jardim, T., Jin, L., Wang, Y., Beauchemin, K. A. and McAllister, T. A. 2015. Effects of essential oils from African basil on fermentation of Andropogon gayanus grass in the Artificial Rumen (RUSITEC). Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 425–431. Essential oils (EO) from African basil (Ocimum gratissimum) have shown the potential to modify rumen microbial fermentation and reduce ruminal methane production from grass forages in in vitro batch cultures. However, it is not known whether the effects of EO on rumen microbial fermentation attenuate over time. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of African basil EO at 0 (control), 100, 200 and 400 mg L−1incubation medium on microbial fermentation and methane production in the Rumen Simulation Technique (RUSITEC) using Andropogon gayanus grass as a substrate. African basil EO quadratically affected (P<0.05) methane production gas production and the pH of fermenter liquid. Total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production was linearly decreased (P<0.05) by African basil EO along with a shift in VFA profile towards less propionate and more acetate and butyrate. African basil EO quadratically altered (P<0.05) apparent dry matter, neutral detergent fiber digestibility,15N incorporation into total microbial protein and the total production of microbial protein. This study confirms that EO from African basil quadratically affected methane emissions arising from the ruminal fermentation of A. gayanus grass mainly by reducing overall digestibility of the forage.
Social Dancing for Successful Ageing: Models for Health, Happiness and Social Inclusion amongst Senior Citizens
Authors: Skinner Jonathan
Published: April 2015

Abstract: This article presents findings from a qualitative study of social dancing for successful ageing amongst senior citizens in three locales: in Blackpool (GB), around Belfast (NI), and in Sacramento (US). Findings also attest to the social, psychological and health benefits of social dancing amongst senior citizens. They also articulate three different social dancing models: social dance as tea dance (Sacramento), social dance as practice dance (Blackpool), social dance as motility (Belfast and environs).
Older Adults’ Contributions to the Tsimane Forager-Farmer Economy
Authors: Schniter Eric
Published: April 2015

Portfolio of original photographs and an accompanying essay
Shrike predation on the lizard Mesalina adramitana in Qatar; a review of reported reptile and amphibian prey
Authors: Cogălniceanu Dan , Valdeón Aitor , Gosá Alberto , Al-Hemaidi Ahmad Amer Mohd , Castilla Aurora M
Published: April 2015

We report, for the first time, evidence of predation by a shrike (Laniussp.) on the lizardMesalina adramitana.This is the first record of predation by shrikes on lizards in Qatar. Whilst we did not directly observe the event, the presence of shrikes in the area and the method of impalement indicate shrikes as the predator. The lizard was found freshly impaled on a palm tree (Phoenix dactylifera), at 150 cm above ground. Bird species of the genusLaniusare well-known predators of lizards, and in arid environments reptiles are likely common prey for these birds. We provide a review of literature concerning predatory events by shrikes on reptiles and amphibians. We suggest inspection of shrubs for animals impaled by shrikes can improve biodiversity inventories, complementing other commonly used methods.
Notes on Operations: Patron Driven Acquisitions: Determining the Metrics for Success
Authors: Dewland Jason C. , See Andrew
Published: April 2015

Patron Driven Acquisition (PDA) programs have been established in many libraries, but there is no agreed upon set of metrics to evaluate the programs’ performance. With that in mind, the University of Arizona (UA) formed the On-Demand Information Delivery (ODID) Metrics Team in January 2012 to establish metrics to evaluate their PDA program. This paper examines the results of the team’s findings and provides an extensive analysis of the purchases by Library of Congress (LC) classification, publisher, format, etc. The discussion includes an analysis of the process and challenges of measuring a PDA program based on UA’s experience. This paper also provides a list of key metrics that the authors argue that every library with a PDA program should monitor.
La investigación sobre fisiognomía y expresión de las pasiones: objetivos y metodología.
Authors: Albero Muñoz María del Mar
Published: April 2015

La búsqueda de la expresividad emocional en las artes durante el siglo XVII guió tanto a artistas como a teóricos en el análisis de la expresión de las pasiones, la fisiogmonía y la apariencia de las emociones. Este tema se desarrolló en la literatura artística desde la antigüedad hasta esa época por escritores como Pseudo-Aristóteles, Alberti, Leonardo o Gaurico. Este trabajo presenta los métodos de investigación aplicados en el estudio de la influencia de estas teorías en la literatura artística española del siglo XVII, principalmente en los tratados de Vicente Carducho, Francisco Pacheco y Jusepe Martínez. Estos teóricos, tal y como se demuestra en el trabajo, utilizaron distintos métodos y compartieron diferentes experiencias en sus tratados, pero a todos ellos les impulsaba una misma finalidad, la de guiar en la práctica de la pintura y en la ilustración de las emociones del alma a artistas más jóvenes.

The search of the emotional expressivity in the arts during the 17th century, guided both artists and theorist to the analysis of the expression of the passions, the physiognomy and the appearance of emotions. This subject had been developed into the artistic literature from the ancient times until this century by writers like Pseudo-Aristotle, Alberti, Leonardo or Gaurico. This study analyzes the research methods applied to know the influence of these theories into the Spanish XVII century artistic literature. Mainly in the study of the treatises wrote by Vicente Carducho, Francisco Pacheco and Jusepe Martinez, showing the different paths used by them in order to guide other painters to illustrate the emotions of the soul.
Plastics, General Survey, 4. Polymer Composites
Authors: Elias Hans‐Georg , Mülhaupt Rolf
Published: April 2015

The article contains sections titled:1.Overview2.Mixture Rules3Filled Polymers3.1.Microcomposites3.2.Molecular Composites3.3.Macrocomposites3.4.Nanocomposites4.Homogeneous Blends4.1.Thermodynamics4.2.Plastification4.3.Rubber Blends4.4.Plastic Blends5.Heterogeneous Blends5.1.Compatible Polymers5.2.Blend Formation5.3.Toughened Plastics5.4.Thermoplastic Elastomers6.Expanded Plastics
Analysis of plasmaspheric hiss wave amplitudes inferred from low‐altitude POES electron data: Technique sensitivity analysis
Authors: de Soria‐Santacruz M. , Li W. , Thorne R. M. , Ma Q. , Bortnik J. , Ni B. , Kletzing C. A. , Kurth W. S. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Spence H. E. , Reeves G. D. , Blake J. B. , Fennell J. F.
Published: April 2015

A novel technique capable of inferring wave amplitudes from low‐altitude electron measurements from the Polar Operational Environmental Satellites (POES) spacecraft has been previously proposed to construct a global dynamic model of chorus and plasmaspheric hiss waves. In this paper we focus on plasmaspheric hiss, which is an incoherent broadband emission that plays a dominant role in the loss of energetic electrons from the inner magnetosphere. We analyze the sensitivity of the POES technique to different inputs used to infer the hiss wave amplitudes during three conjunction events with the Van Allen Probes. These amplitudes are calculated with different input models of the plasma density, wave frequency spectrum, and electron energy spectrum, and the results are compared to the wave observations from the twin Van Allen Probes. Only one parameter is varied at a time in order to isolate its effect on the output, while the two other inputs are set to the values observed by the Van Allen Probes. The results show that the predicted hiss amplitudes are most sensitive to the adopted frequency spectrum, followed by the plasma density, but they are not very sensitive to the electron energy spectrum. Moreover, the standard Gaussian representation of the wave frequency spectrum (centered at 550 Hz) peaks at frequencies that are much higher than those observed in individual cases as well as in statistical wave distributions, which produces large overestimates of the hiss wave amplitude. For this reason, a realistic statistical model of the wave frequency spectrum should be used in the POES technique to infer the plasmaspheric hiss wave intensity rather than a standard Gaussian distribution, since the former better reproduces the observed plasmaspheric hiss wave amplitudes.