bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oral clonidine does not change ventilatory response to carbon dioxide in sevoflurane‐anesthetized children
Authors: NISHINA KAHORU , MIKAWA KATSUYA , UESUGI TAKANOBU , OBARA HIDEFUMI
Published: December 2004

Background : Clonidine is a useful premedicant for pediatric anesthesia. The drug has potential for ventilatory depression. The aim of the current study was to determine the effects of clonidine premedication on the ventilatory response to hypercapnia during sevoflurane anesthesia using the carbon dioxide (CO2) steady state method.

Methods : Sixty children (3–13 yr) were assigned to receive clonidine 4 μg·kg−1 or placebo. Anesthesia was maintained with spontaneous breathing and 2% sevoflurane. Minute ventilation (VE), respiratory rate (RR), endtidal CO2 pressure (PEco2), and arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2) were measured with a facemask tightly fitted before and during 7% CO2 inhalation.

Results : Compared with placebo, oral clonidine failed to reduce VE volume before CO2 loading under general anesthesia with 2% sevoflurane. Inhalation of CO2 increased VE. Oral clonidine did not attenuate the increase in VE induced by hypercapnic challenge under sevoflurane anesthesia. There were no differences in RR, PEco2, or SpO2 between the placebo and clonidine groups before and during CO2 loading.

Conclusion : These data suggest that oral clonidine is a suitable premedication for sevoflurane anesthesia under spontaneous breathing conditions in children.
Social policy, freedom and individuality
Authors: Yeatman Anna
Published: December 2004

Contemporary social policy lacks an account of the ends it serves. The reason for this is a laissez‐faire policy regime where property right overwhelms the right of each individual to be a self‐determining person. Laissez‐faire policy creates a scarcity of public resources where a universalistic social policy cannot be afforded. A narrowly targeted social policy designed for the poor prevails: it is one where the poor are subject to state coercion. In the more expansive social policy associated with social democracy, the outcome of equality is championed but there is no coherent account of how this end can be reconciled with achieving freedom. The universal idea of the self‐determining person is the basis of a rationale for social policy. Thus the end that social policy should serve is the development and sustaining of an individual who has the set of capabilities that he or she requires to be free in the sense of self‐determining.
Government Getting Closer: Higher Education and Devolution in the UK
Authors: Court Stephen
Published: December 2004

Since 1997 there has been a series of far‐reaching constitutional changes in the UK through the devolution of power from Westminster to new legislatures and executives in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. In addition, an elected assembly in London and the English regional development agencies have been established. This paper examines policy developments in higher education in the four countries of the UK between 1997 and 2004, and the impact devolution may have had on the sector, looking in particular at funding, increasing participation and widening access, tuition fees and student support, and business links and technology transfer. There is a strong sense that the devolved administrations want and expect more from ‘their’ higher education institutions. While institutions are often proactive in seeking links with regional businesses and communities, the relationships between universities and devolved administrations have important implications for institutional autonomy which need to be carefully thought through.
Notions of Flexibility in UK Higher Education: Core and Periphery Re‐Visited?
Authors: Cloonan Martin
Published: December 2004

In recent years the rhetoric of flexibility has become increasingly influential within the UK’s Higher Education (HE) sector. In reports, such as that of the National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education (NCIHE, 1997), in Green Papers such as the Learning Age (DfEE, 1998) and its Scottish equivalent, Opportunity Scotland (Scottish Office, 1998), in university mission statements, in course advertisements, prospectuses and brochures, in all these places and more, exhortations of flexibility have emerged almost unchallenged. Indeed, flexibility became one of the buzz words of 1990s academe.

Where discussions of flexibility exist (Edwards, 1997; Schuller et al., 1998; Johnston, 1999) they have hitherto often been limited to contextualisation accounts, rather than attempting critiques. This article digs deeper by looking at various aspects of flexibility within UK HE. It suggests that by examining notions of flexibility as they were developed in labour market theory during the 1980s, it is possible to gain greater understanding of current discourses of flexibility in HE. It further suggests that notions of core and periphery taken from the labour market have their parallels in UK HE. Finally, it argues that thus far UK HE can be characterised as having an inflexible core which limits flexibility to the more peripheral areas and discusses the merits of some forms of inflexibility.
Attitudes and beliefs directed towards ready‐meal consumption
Authors: Ahlgren Mia , Gustafsson Inga‐Britt , Hall Gunnar
Published: December 2004

Our food choice is dependent upon our beliefs about both the products and those who consume them. In this study beliefs about the prototypical attributes of ready meal consumers have been investigated to establish which beliefs exist and whether they have any actual basis when compared with self‐reported behaviours of ready meal consumers. In a survey, respondents described what they considered to be common attributes of ready meal consumers. Some of these attributes were supported by the data provided by the ready meal consuming respondents, while many were not. Most interesting was the fact that two frequently mentioned attributes, being alone and no interest in cooking or food, were confirmed by the ready meal consuming respondents in the actual eating situation but not by their life‐style and beliefs in general. The results support the call for more situation‐oriented food research.
The dining experience: do restaurants satisfy customer needs?
Authors: Andersson Tommy D. , Mossberg Lena
Published: December 2004

This is an exploratory paper where the main idea is to develop an analysis of dining as a multidimensional experience. In order to assess the relative importance of various aspects of restaurant services, customers were asked to estimate their willingness to pay for six aspects of the dining experience: food, service, fine cuisine, restaurant interior, good company and other customers. Customers were asked to evaluate an ideal restaurant experience as well as their latest restaurant experience. Thus the actual evaluation could be compared with an ideal value to explore where restaurants have opportunities to enhance customers’ restaurant experiences. Results clearly indicate that social needs are important for customers at evening restaurants whereas physiological needs dominate for customers at lunch restaurants.
NANOSCALE PATTERNING OF ORGANIC/INORGANIC MULTILAYERS BY SPINODAL DEFORMATION
Authors: FUHRMANN T. , SALBECK J. , MÜLLER-WIEGAND M. , OESTERSCHULZE E.
Published: December 2004

We report on pattern formation which occurs spontaneously upon heating organic multilayer devices to the glass transition temperature of one component. The pattern formation is characterized as spinodal deformation process which is intrinsically possible in all devices with thin deformable layers in a thermodynamic non-equilibrium state. Size, morphology and direction of the pattern can be controlled which allows applications for nanostructuring optoelectronic devices.
Experiences with Commercial Telephone-based Dialogue Systems (Erfahrungen mit kommerziellen Telefon-Sprachdialogsystemen)
Authors: Nöth Elmar , Horndasch Axel , Gallwitz Florian , Haas Jürgen
Published: December 2004

In this publication experiences with commercial spoken dialogue systems are discussed and guidelines for achieving high usability are pointed out. Different from most commercially deployed IVR (Interactive Voice Response) systems, the systems discussed in this paper belong to a new generation of real mixed-initiative spoken dialogue systems, i. e., the user may take the initiative, using full sentences, at virtually any point in time during the dialogue. We use three commercially deployed systems as example applications: the automated switchboard of a large German company, the movie information system operated by Germany´s largest multiplex cinema, and a football Bundesliga information system operated by a German media company.
Ancient Oaxaca
Authors: Winter Marcus
Published: December 2004

Ancient Oaxaca. Richard E. Blanton. Gary M. Feinman. Stephen A. Kowalewski. and Linda M. Nicholas. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999. 153 pp.
The Land of Prehistory: A Critical History of American Archaeology
Authors: Reyman Jonathan E.
Published: December 2004

The Land of Prehistory:. Critical History of American Archaeology. Alice Beck Kehoe. New York: Routledge, 1998. 288 pp.
Function, Selection, and lnnateness: The Emergence of Language Universals
Authors: Ciccotosto Nick
Published: December 2004

Function, Selection, and lnnateness: The Emergence of Language Universals. Simon Kirby. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. 156 pp.
The Political Lives of Dead Bodies: Reburial and Postsocialist Change
Authors: Kaneff Deema
Published: December 2004

The Political Lives of Dead Bodies: Reburial and Postsocialist Change. Katherine Verdery. New York: Columbia University Press. 1999. 185 pp.
A Água e o Homem na Várzea do Careiro
Authors: Pereira Henrique
Published: December 2004

Água. o Homem na Várzea do Careiro. Hilgard O'Reily Sternberg. Belém, Brazil: Museu Paraense Emflio Goeldi, 1998. 248 pp.
A New Space‐Time Computer Simulation Method for Human Migration
Authors: Young David A.
Published: December 2004

Migration is a universal but poorly understood human behavior, and new analytic tools for studying migration are badly needed. In this article, I describe a new computer simulation method for migrating human populations, which moves simulated human actors" on a lattice of points according to simple probability rules. The method includes models of birth, death, crowding, and competition, as well as of migration. Simulations are developed for a number of specific problems, including migration into empty continents, the effect of competition and migration on the spatial distribution of populations, the effect of biased migration on urban population structure, and the distribution of city sizes determined by migration. Direct comparison of simulations with measured population distributions demonstrates the plausibility of the models. The simulations suggest that seemingly complex problems of human space‐time population dynamics may be resolved into simple behavioral rules and that migration phenomena can be subjected to scientific analysis. [Key words: migration, computer simulation, random walk, urban structures]
Feasting, Craft Specialization, and the Ritual Mode of Production in Small‐Scale Societies
Authors: Spielmann Katherine A.
Published: December 2004

Economic intensification has been documented in a diversity of small‐scale societies. The existing archaeological theory concerning such intensification has tended to privilege economic and political explanations and largely ignores social action and ritual performance as motivations for economic change. In this article, 1 use both ethnographic and archaeological data to argue that ceremonial feasting and the need for socially valued goods, which are critical for ritual performance and necessary for a variety of social transactions, create the demand that underwrites and sustains economic intensification in small‐scale societies. Food for large‐scale feasts is acquired through the intensification of food production and procurement targeted specifically for feasting, rather than from the surplus available from routine subsistence production. Large‐scale demands for socially valued goods tend to result in specialization on the production of "extraordinary" material culture, which is characterized by two modes of circulation, in networks of social obligations or as offerings in sacred locations. [Key words.craft specialization, exchange, feasting, ritual]
Pierre Verger: Parisian Trickster
Authors: Krebs Edgardo
Published: December 2004

Messageiro Entre Dois Mundos. 1998. 86 minutes, color. film produced by Conspiraçao Filmes, directed by Luiz Buarque de Hollanda. and narrated in Portuguese and French by Gilberto Gil. with subtitles in English. For more information contact International Media Resources Exchange, New York City; 212‐463‐0108; www.latinamericanvideo.org.

Pierre Verger, Le Messager, The Go‐Between. Photographies 1932‐1962. Jean Loup Pivin and Pascal Martin Saint Leon. eds. Postface by Charles‐Henri Favrod. Paris: Editions Revue Noire, 1993, 240 pp.

Dieux d'Afrique. Pierre Verger. Paris: Editions Revue Noire, 1995.416 pp.
Rulers of the Steppe
Authors: Sabloff Paula L. W.
Published: December 2004

Rulers of the Steppe. 2000. 60 minutes, color. video by André Hoekema and Peter Oud. with the support of the European Initiative for Democracy and Human Rights, European Union. Versions in English, Russian, and Spanish. For more information contact Peter Oud. Film and Photography, Baarnseweg 41, 3735ML Bosch en Duin, the Netherlands; tuvaproject@peteroud.nl.
On the Question of Heritage and Hierarchy in British Social Anthropology
Authors: Yengoyan Aram A.
Published: December 2004

On Durkheim's Elementary Forms of Religious Life. N. J. Allen. W. S. F. Pickering. and W. Watts Miller. eds. New York: Routledge, 1998. 224 pp.

Marcel Mauss:. Centenary Tribute. Wendy James and N. J. Allen. eds. New York: Berghahn Press, 1998. 260 pp.

Taboo, Truth, and Religion: Franz Baermann Steiner Selected Writings, vol. 1. Jeremy Adler and Richard Fardon. eds. New York: Berghahn Books, 1999. 279 pp.

Orientpolitik, Value, and Civilisation: Franz Baermann Steiner Selected Writings, vol. 2. Jeremy Adler and Richard Fardon. eds. New York: Berghahn Books, 1999. 296 pp.
Mortuary Feasting on New Ireland: The Activation of Matriliny among the Sursurunga
Authors: Merrifield William R.
Published: December 2004

Mortuary Feasting on New Ireland: The Activation of Matriliny among the Sursurunga. Alexander H. Bolyanatz. Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey, 2000.182 pp.
North American Indian Jewelry and Adornment: From Prehistory to the Present
Authors: Nanda Serena
Published: December 2004

North American Indian Jewelry and Adornment: From Prehistory to the Present. Lois Sherr Dubin. New York: Harry N. Abrams. 1999 608 pp.
Extending the Boundaries of Care. Medical Ethics and Caring Practices
Authors: Gordon Elisa J.
Published: December 2004

Extending the Boundaries of Care. Medical Ethics and Caring Practices. Tamara Kohn and Rosemary McKechnie. eds. New York: Berg, 1999. 206 pp.
The Gullah People and Their African Heritage
Authors: Bilby Kenneth
Published: December 2004

The Gullah People and Their African Heritage. William S. Pollitzer. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1999.298 pp.
America Past, America Present: Genes and Languages in toe Americas and Beyond
Authors: McMahon April
Published: December 2004

America Past, America Present: Genes and Languages in toe Americas and Beyond. Colin Renfrew. ed. Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 2000.175 pp.
Environmental Anthropology: From Pigs to Policies
Authors: Ervin Alexander
Published: December 2004

Environmental Anthropology: From Pigs to Policies. Patricia K. Townsend. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, 2000.119 pp.
Neandertal Archaeology—Implications for Our Origins
Authors: Clark G. A.
Published: December 2004

This article identifies key aspects of the metaphysical paradigms under which European Paleolithic archaeological research is conducted and contrasts the anthropological approaches typical of anglophone New World workers with those of the "his‐ tory‐like" natural science‐based traditions of Latin Europe. Because the Middle–Upper Paleolithic transition in Europe is thought by many to correspond to the biological replacement of Neandertals by modern humans over the ten millennia bracketing 40 kyr B.P., generalizations about the archaeological transition invoked in support of biological replacement are examined and are found to lack empirical support. Patterns in lithic technology, typology, raw material variability, reduction strategies, blank frequencies, bone and antler technologies, Paleolithic art, subsistence strategies, and settlement patterns all indicate a temporal‐spatial mosaic of changing monitors of human adaptation over the transition interval that cannot be reconciled with any construal of a relatively abrupt and complete biological replacement. [Key words: conceptual frameworks, research traditions, archaeological systematic, Middle–Upper Paleolithic transition, Neandertals, adaptation]
The Peabody Museum, Frederic W. Putnam, and the Rise of U.S. Anthropology, 1866‐1903
Authors: Browman David L.
Published: December 2004

This article explores the intersection of the career of Frederic Ward Putnam with the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard to the history of U.S. archaeology between his appointment as professor in 1866 and his death in 1915. Putnam was also active in institutional developments at Chicago, Berkeley, and New York. [Keywords: Frederic Ward Putnam, U.S. archaeology, Peabody Museum]
Making Forest of Bliss: Intention, Circumstance, and Chance in Nonflction Film
Authors: Coover Roderick , Taylor Lucien
Published: December 2004

Making Forest of Bliss: Intention, Circumstance, and Chance in Nonflction Film. Robert Gardner and Ákos Östör. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2002. 135 pp., DVD.
Herdsmen
Authors: Bishop John , Bishop Naomi
Published: December 2004

Herdsmen. 2001. 88 minutes, color. Executive produced by Wei Bin. produced by Luo Ming. directed by Chen Jianjun. camera by Shen Jian. For more information, contact Documentary Educational Resources, 101 Morse St., Watertown, MA 02472.
Drawing on Cultural Memory: Self and Other in Native American Ledger Art
Authors: Powers William K.
Published: December 2004

Spirit Beings and Sun Dancers: Black Hawk's Vision of the Lakota World. Janet Catherine Berlo. New York: George Braziller, Inc., 2000. 189 pp.

Arrow's Elk Society Ledger. Mike Cowdrey. Santa Fe: Morning Star Gallery, 1999. 254 pp.

Will Tell of My War Story. Scott M. Thompson. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2000. 120 pp.
American Muse: Anthropological Excursions into Art and Aesthetics
Authors: Geertz Hildred
Published: December 2004

American Muse: Anthropological Excursions into Art and Aesthetics. Richard L. Anderson. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2000. 235 pp.
Human Natures: Genes, Cultures, and the Human Prospect
Authors: Sussman Robert W.
Published: December 2004

Human Natures: Genes, Cultures, and the Human Prospect. Paul R. Ehrlich. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2000. 31 pp.
On Fertile Ground: A Natural History of Human Reproduction
Authors: Peacock Nadine R.
Published: December 2004

On Fertile Ground:. Natural History of Human Reproduction. Peter T. Ellison. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001. 358 pp.
Coming of Age in Post‐Soviet Russia
Authors: Kaplonski Christopher
Published: December 2004

Coming of Age in Post‐Soviet Russia. Fran Markowitz. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2000. 245 pp.
The Last Neanderthal: The Rise, Success, and Mysterious Extinction of Our Closest Human Relatives
Authors: Holliday Trenton W.
Published: December 2004

The Last Neanderthal: The Rise, Success, and Mysterious Extinction of Our Closest Human Relatives (Revised edition). Ian Tattersall. Boulder: Westview Press, 1999. 208 pp.
Colonial Entanglements and the Practices of Taste: An Alternative to Logocentric Approaches
Authors: Stahl Ann Brower
Published: December 2004

Anthropology has over the last quarter century privileged language, ideation, and meaning as central tropes in the study of culture. Meaning has been construed primarily in terms of linguistic signification, resulting in logocentric approaches to its study. This preoccupation endures despite the embrace of practice theory and renewed attention to object worlds. In this article, I explore the implications of logocentric approaches for the study of what Thomas terms "colonial entanglements. I argue that there are both theoretical and methodological reasons for deprivileging meaning (logocentrically conceived) and for focusing instead on the embodied forms of practical knowledge that framed colonial relations. I explore the value of a taste‐centered approach that exploits the strengths of archaeological sources. As a form of embodied practical knowledge, extant practices of taste shaped the reception (and rejection) of exotic goods as well as their recontextualization. By creating what Hebdige terms "cartographies of taste" based on a study of past object worlds, we can explore how existing practices shaped the reception of new objects. By viewing these "cartographies" comparatively in time and space, we can contextually analyze diversions and continuities in the practices of taste through time in relation to the interplay of production and consumption, supply and demand, and thus enrich our understanding of colonial conjunctures. An archaeological case study from the Banda area in Ghana is used to illustrate the value of taste as a conceptual tool that emphasizes the importance of embodied knowledge in social life. [Keywords: logocentrism, embodied knowledge, colonial entanglements, material culture, Ghana]
Gates of Peristan: History, Religion and Society in the Hindu Kush
Authors: Plattner Stuart
Published: December 2004

Gates of Peristan: History, Religion and Society in the Hindu Kush. Alberto M. Cacopardo and Augusto S. Cacopardo. Rome: Istituto Italiano per I'Africa. I'Oriente, 2001. 327 pp.
Jewish Hearts: A Study of Dynamic Ethnicity in the United States and the Soviet Union
Authors: Azoulay Katya Gibel
Published: December 2004

Jewish Hearts:. Study of Dynamic Ethnicity in the United States and the Soviet Union. Betty N. Hoffman. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2001. 282 pp.
Camp Pain: Talking with Chronic Pain Patients
Authors: Barker Judith C.
Published: December 2004

Camp Pain: Talking with Chronic Pain Patients. Jean E. Jackson. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000. 281 pp.
Adventures in the Bone Trade: The Race to Discover Human Ancestors in Ethiopia's Afar Depression
Authors: Shipman Pat
Published: December 2004

Adventures in the Bone Trade: The Race to Discover Human Ancestors in Ethiopia's Afar Depression. Jon Kalb. New York: Copernicus Books, 2001. 389 pp.
Human Language and Our Reptilian Brain: The Subcortical Bases of Speech, Syntax, and Thought
Authors: Arensburg Baruch
Published: December 2004

Human Language and Our Reptilian Brain: The Subcortical Bases of Speech, Syntax, and Thought. Philip Lieberman. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000. 221 pp.
The Dialectics of Shopping
Authors: Herrmann Gretchen M.
Published: December 2004

The Dialectics of Shopping. Daniel Miller. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001. 222 pp.
The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas Vol. 3: South America, part 2
Authors: Browman David L.
Published: December 2004

The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas: Vol. 3: South America, part 2. Frank Salomon and Stuart B. Schwartz. eds. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999. 976 pp.
Gender Ideology and Psychological Reality: An Essay on Cultural Reproduction
Authors: Barlow Kathleen
Published: December 2004

Gender Ideology and Psychological Reality: An Essay on Cultural Reproduction. Melford E. Spiro. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1997. 220 pp.
Perishing Paradigm: Race—1931–99
Authors: Lieberman Leonard , Kirk Rodney C. , Littlefield Alice
Published: December 2004

Authors of three studies (Leonard Lieberman, Blaine W. Stevenson, Larry T. Reynolds, and Matt Cartmill) agree that the concept of race has approached its lowest level of acceptance in a century. However, one of the studies (that of Cartmill) seems to show no significant change from 1965 to 1996. We analyze this paradox in terms of possible differences in the populations studied. [Keywords: race, physical anthropology, variation]
Heredity, Environment, and Cranial Form: A Reanalysis of Boas's Immigrant Data
Authors: Gravlee Clarence C. , Bernard H. Russell , Leonard William R.
Published: December 2004

Franz Boas's classic study, Changes in Bodily Form of Descendants of Immigrants, is a landmark in the history of anthropology.
More than any single study, it undermined racial typology in physical anthropology and helped turn the tide against early‐20thcentury scientific racism. In 1928, Boas responded to critics of the immigrant study by publishing the raw data set as Materials for the Study of Inheritance in Man. Here we present a reanalysis of that long‐neglected data set. Using methods that were unavailable to Boas, we test his main conclusion that cranial form changed in response to environmental influences within a single generation of European immigrants to the United States. In general, we conclude that Boas got it right. However, we demonstrate that modern analytical methods provide stronger support for Boas's conclusion than did the tools at his disposal. We suggest future areas of research for this historically important data set. [Keywords: Franz Boas, cranial form, immigrant study, heredity, environment]
Staging the Indian: The Politics of Representation
Authors: Mithlo Nancy Marie
Published: December 2004

Staging the Indian: The Politics of Representation. The Tang Teaching Museum and Art Gallery at Skidmore College. February 2, 2002–June 2, 2002.
History, Memory, and Nation in the (Post)Colonies
Authors: White Geoffrey M.
Published: December 2004

Represented Communities: Fiji and World Decolonization. John D. Kelly and Martha Kaplan. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001. 243 pp.

Cultural Memory: Reconfiguring History and Identity in the Postcolonial Pacific. Jeannerte Marie Mageo. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2001. 222 pp.

In Colonial New Guinea: Anthropological Perspectives. Naomi M. McPherson. ed. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2001. 264 pp.
Scarce Goods: Justice, Fairness, and Organ Transplantation; The Twice Dead: Organ Transplants and the Reinvention of Death
Authors: Scheper‐Hughes Nancy
Published: December 2004

Scarce Goods: Justice, Fairness, and Organ Transplantation. Thomas Koch. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2002. 250 pp.

The Twice Dead: Organ Transplants and the Reinvention of Death. Margaret Lock Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002. 429 pp.
The Archaeology of Drylands: Living at the Margin
Authors: Browman David L.
Published: December 2004

The Archaeology of Drylands: Living at the Margin. Graeme Barker and David Gilbertson. eds. New York: Routledge, 2000. 372 pp.
Identity and Gender in Hunting and Gathering Societies
Authors: Dussart Françoise
Published: December 2004

Identity and Gender in Hunting and Gathering Societies. Ian Keen and Takado Yamada. eds. Osaka: National Museum of Ethnology, 2001. 263 pp.
The Archaeology of Traditions: Agency and History before and after Columbus
Authors: Stahl Ann B.
Published: December 2004

The Archaeology of Traditions: Agency and History before and after Columbus. Timothy R. Pauketat. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2001. 384 pp.
Russia and Soul: An Exploration
Authors: Grant Bruce
Published: December 2004

Russia and Soul: An Exploration. Dale Pesmen. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2000. 364 pp.
Keeping Biological Anthropology in Anthropology, and Anthropology in Biology
Authors: Calcagno James M.
Published: December 2004

Considerable tension among the subfields has existed within the discipline of anthropology. As a result, some anthropology departments have splintered, and the hallmark "holistic approach" of anthropology has been considered more myth than reality. However, as promoted by the American Anthropological Association and the American Anthropologist for over one hundred years, enhancing the holistic nature of anthropology remains an important and necessary endeavor. This article provides an introduction to this special issue of the American Anthropologist, which focuses on the subfield of biological anthropology. Hopefully, as a result, increased connections among the subfields will be fostered, for the betterment of both biological anthropology and anthropology in general. The underlying theme of this article and the subtext for the entire special issue is clear: Biological anthropology needs anthropology, and anthropology needs biological anthropology. [Keywords: biological anthropology, subfields, four‐field approach, holistic]
Ni‐YSZ Graded Coatings Produced by Dipping
Authors: Ferrari B. , Moreno R.
Published: December 2004

A new colloidal processing route for the shaping of a graded Ni‐YSZ composite for applications in SOFC devices is described. A Ni foil is coated by Ni/YSZ layers by dipping in aqueous suspensions with an organic binder. Behind the metal‐ceramic layers introduced to improve adhesion, an outer thin layer of nanosized YSZ is formed by electrophoretic deposition.
Residual Stresses and Stress Intensity Factors for Vickers Indentation Cracks in Glass Derived from COD Measurements
Authors: Fett T. , Burghard Z. , Zimmermann A. , Aldinger F.
Published: December 2004

Vickers indentation cracks are an appropriate tool to determine the crack‐tip toughness KI0 of brittle materials as ceramics from the total crack opening displacements. In addition, the residual stresses occurring in the surrounding of an indentation can be evaluated. The fracture mechanics procedure is described in detail and applied to indentation cracks in glass.
Physicochemical Properties of Surface‐Initiated Polymer Films in the Modification and Processing of Materials
Authors: Jennings G. K. , Brantley E. L.
Published: December 2004

This article reviews the physicochemical aspects of surface‐initiated polymer films used to modify planar and non‐planar surfaces and to produce micro‐ and nanoscale patterned features. Particular emphasis is placed on the molecular composition of the polymer and its effect on surface and bulk properties of ultrathin films. Recent advances in the use of responsive polymer films that exhibit dramatically altered properties upon changes in solvent, temperature, or ionic strength are reviewed. The uses of surface‐initiated polymer films to modify materials' properties and impact applications in chromatography, nanoparticle‐templated synthesis, and carbon nanotube dispersion are highlighted.
A Study on the Influence of the Structure of the Glycosyl Acceptors on the Stereochemistry of the Glycosylation Reactions with 2‐Azido‐2‐Deoxy‐Hexopyranosyl Trichloroacetimidates
Authors: Cid M. Belén , Alfonso Francisco , Martín‐Lomas Manuel
Published: December 2004

The stereochemical outcome of glycosylations with 2‐azido‐2‐deoxy‐D‐gluco‐ and D‐galactopyranosyl trichloroacetimidates as glycosyl donors has been investigated by using a series of chiro‐inositol derivatives as glycosyl acceptors. The influence of the absolute configuration, the conformation and the conformational flexibility of the glycosyl acceptor has been studied by using different glycosyl donors under similar pre‐established experimental conditions. Although the structure of the acceptor may play a role in governing the stereochemistry of these glycosylations, the results show that, in general terms, the relative influence of these factors is difficult to evaluate. For a given set of experimental conditions, the stereochemical course of these glycosylations depends on structural features of both glycosyl donor and glycosyl acceptor. It is a balance of these factors, where the structure of the glycosyl donor always plays a major role, which determines the stereochemistry of the coupling reaction. Therefore, the examples reported in the literature in which the structure of the glycosyl acceptor appears to be crucial in determining the stereochemistry of the reaction constitute particularly favorable cases which do not presently allow any further generalization.
Cation Mobility and Kinetics of Ion Exchange in Zirconium Hydrogen Monothiophosphate Hydrate, Zr(HPO3S)2×1.5H2O.
Authors: Stenina I. A. , Aliev A. D. , Dorhout P. K. , Yaroslavtsev A. B.
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Strontium Iodate, Sr(IO3)2.
Authors: Chen Xuean , Xiao Weiqiang , Chang Xinan , Zang Hegui
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Multicatalytic Processes Using Diverse Transition Metals for the Synthesis of Alkenes.
Authors: Lebel Helene , Paquet Valerie
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Monodentate P,C‐Stereogenic Bicyclic Phosphanes: 1‐Phenyl‐1,3a,4,5,6,6a‐hexahydrocyclopenta[b]phosphole and 1‐Phenyloctahydrocyclopenta[b]phosphole.
Authors: Pakulski Zbigniew , Demchuk Oleg M. , Frelek Jadwiga , Luboradzki Roman , Pietrusiewicz K. Michal
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Epoxide Hydrolase‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral 1,2‐Diols via Desymmetrization of meso‐Epoxides.
Authors: Zhao Lishan , Weiner David P. , Burk Mark J. , et al. et al.
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enantioselective Allylation of Aromatic Amines After in situ Generation of an Activated Cyclometalated Iridium Catalyst.
Authors: Shu Chutian , Leitner Andreas , Hartwig John F.
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Indium Tribromide as a Highly Efficient and Versatile Catalyst for Chemoselective Synthesis of Acylals from Aldehydes under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Yin Liang , Zhang Zhan‐Hui , Wang Yong‐Mei , Pang Mei‐Li
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Novel Palladacycles and Their Application in Heck and Suzuki Reactions under Aerobic Conditions.
Authors: Xiong Zhengchang , Wang Nengdong , Dai Mingji , Li Ang , Chen Jiahua , Yang Zhen
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 2‐Alkenyl‐3‐alkoxycarbonylfurans by ′Feist—Benary‐Cyclocondensation′ of (2,4‐Dioxobutylidene)phosphoranes with Chloroacetaldehyde and Subsequent Wittig Reactions.
Authors: Holtz Edith , Langer Peter
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Efficient and Novel Protocol for the Synthesis of Pyrazolo[5,1‐a]isoindole Derivatives.
Authors: Islami Mohammad Reza , Abedini‐Torghabeh Javad , Fatemi Sayed Jamiladine , Hassani Zahra , Amiry Asghar
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Base‐Free Anaerobic Cu(II) Catalyzed Aryl—Nitrogen Bond Formations.
Authors: van Berkel Sander S. , van den Hoogenband Adri , Terpstra Jan Willem , Tromp Moniek , van Leeuwen Piet W. N. M. , van Strijdonck Gino P. F.
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Practical Synthesis of 2‐(N‐Substituted)‐aminobenzimidazoles Utilizing CuCl‐Promoted Intramolecular Cyclization of N‐(2‐Aminoaryl)thioureas.
Authors: Wang Xiao‐jun , Zhang Li , Xu Yibo , Krishnamurthy Dhileepkumar , Senanayake Chris H.
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Efficient and Enantioselective Approach to 2,5‐Disubstituted Dihydropyrones.
Authors: Fu Zhengyan , Gao Bo , Yu Zhipeng , Yu Lan , Huang Yaozhong , Feng Xiaoming , Zhang Guolin
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Unusual Reaction of 5‐Ethyl‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydrothieno[3,2‐c]pyridine with Ethyl Propiolate.
Authors: Voskressensky L. G. , Borisova T. N. , Akbulatov S. V. , Chernyshev A. I. , Varlamov A. V.
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reaction of N,N′‐Di(methoxycarbonyl)‐p‐benzoquinonediimine with Meldrum′s Acid and Its Analogues.
Authors: Velikorodov A. V.
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation of (E)‐1‐Alkenylboronic Acid Pinacol Esters via Transfer of Alkenyl Group from Boron to Boron.
Authors: Shirakawa Kazuya , Arase Akira , Hoshi Masayuki
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation of (Phenyldifluoromethyl)‐ and (Phenoxydifluoromethyl)‐silanes by Magnesium‐Promoted Carbon‐Chlorine Bond Activation.
Authors: Guidotti Jerome , Metz Francois , Tordeux Marc , Wakselman Claude
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Facile and High‐Yielding Preparation of α‐Acetoxyphosphonates from α‐Hydroxyphosphonates Assisted by Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Firouzabadi Habib , Iranpoor Nasser , Sobhani Sara , Amoozgar Zohreh
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New Homotriterpene from the Roots of Marsdenia tenacissima Wight and Arn.
Authors: Goel D. , Ali M.
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reduction of Steroidal Ketones with Amine—Boranes.
Authors: Leontjev A. E. , Vasiljeva L. L. , Pivnitsky K. K.
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Asymmetric Alkylation of Glycine Imine Esters Using Solid Supports Preloaded with Base.
Authors: Yu Haitao , Takigawa Setsuko , Koshima Hideko
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of (R)‐(‐)‐Pyrrolam A (I) and Studies on Its Stability: A Caveat on Computational Methods.
Authors: Watson Rhett T. , Gore Vinayak K. , Chandupatla Kishan R. , Dieter R. Karl , Snyder James P.
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Total Syntheses of (+)‐Chloropuupehenone (I) and (+)‐Chloropuupehenol (II) and Their Analogues and Evaluation of Their Bioactivities.
Authors: Hua Duy H. , et al. et al.
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Mechanochemistry of Sulfides
Authors: Balaz P.
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Unravelling the Secrets of Palladium
Authors: Fairlamb Ian
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Serotonin and Anticancer Drug‐Induced Emesis
Authors: Minami Masaru , Endo Toru , Hamaue Naoya , Hirafuji Masahiko
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Creation of Functional Muteins Using Phage Libraries for Pharmacoproteomic‐Based Drug Discovery and Development of DDS
Authors: Yoshioka Yasuo
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Problems and Progress in Glycopeptide Synthesis
Authors: Nakahara Yoshiaki
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Biologically Active Mesomeric Betaines and Alkaloids, Derived from 3‐Hydroxypyridine, Pyridine N‐Oxide, Nicotinic Acid and Picolinic Acid: Three Types of Conjugation and Their Consequences
Authors: Schmidt Andreas
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Modest Undressing of a Silicon Center
Authors: Bertrand Guy
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Metal—Phosphorus—Nitrogen Heterocycles, Metallacyclophosphazenes and Imidodiphosphato Metal Complexes
Authors: Mazzah Ahmed , Roesky Herbert W. , De Jaeger Roger
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation of Cyclic 1,3‐Diketones and Their Exploitation in the Synthesis of Heterocycles
Authors: Milan Marko , Viktor Milata , Rudolf Kada , Dusan Ilavsky
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Surface Intermediates Generated in the Decomposition of C‐1 Chlorofluorocarbons over Oxides and Zeolites of Acid—Base and Redox Character
Authors: Kiricsi Imre , Nagy Janos B.
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Functionalized Silanols and Silanolates
Authors: Kliem Susanne , Reiche Clemens , Klingebiel Uwe
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Oxidation of Matrix‐Isolated Silylenes
Authors: Sander Wolfram , Bettinger Holger F. , Bornemann Holger , Trommer Martin , Zielinski Magdalene
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ring Closing versus Cyclic Isomerization of 1,6‐Dienes by Ruthenium Allenylidene Complexes
Authors: Cetinkaya Bekir , Ozdemir Ismail , Cetinkaya Engin , Bruneau Christian , Dixneuf Pierre
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Mixture‐Based Combinatorial Libraries: from Peptides and Peptidomimetics to Small Molecule Acyclic and Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Hoesl Cornelia E. , Nefzi Adel , Ostresh John M. , Yu Yongping , Houghten Richard A.
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
C—H Bond Functionalization in Complex Organic Synthesis
Authors: Sames Dalibor
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Development of New Synthetic Methods with Aryl 1‐Chlorovinyl Sulfoxides
Authors: Satoh Tsuyoshi
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ovarian steroids influence cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of the adult female rat in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner
Authors: Tanapat Patima , Hastings Nicholas B. , Gould Elizabeth
Published: December 2004

In previous work, we have demonstrated that cell proliferation in the adult hippocampal formation is regulated by estrogen under both natural and experimental conditions. To determine the extent to which this regulation is affected by the dose or schedule of hormone treatment, or progesterone administration, we examined the impact of different acute and chronic ovarian hormone replacement regimens on cell production using the S‐phase marker bromodeoxyuridine. Additionally, we investigated the long‐term impact of surgical ovarian hormone depletion on the capacity of estrogen to stimulate cell proliferation and the production of new cells that express either TuJ1 (a marker of neuronal phenotype) or glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP; a marker of astroglial phenotype). Acute treatment with a moderate, but not a low or a high, dose of estrogen rapidly increased cell proliferation in ovariectomized (OVX) animals, an effect that was reversed by the administration of progesterone. In contrast, OVX animals that were chronically replaced with either estrogen alone (continuous or cyclic) or estrogen plus progesterone (cyclic) did not exhibit an estrogen‐induced increase in cell proliferation 3 weeks following the onset of hormone replacement. In animals that were subjected to a prolonged absence of ovarian hormones, acute treatment with the moderate dose of estrogen failed to stimulate cell proliferation, and a decrease in the number of new cells expressing a neuronal phenotype was evident. Collectively, these results indicate that a prolonged reduction in ovarian hormones results in 1) a diminished responsiveness to estrogen over time in this system and 2) a decrease in neuron production that is unlikely to be reversible by standard regimens of hormone replacement. J. Comp. Neurol. 481:252–265, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New approaches in application of differential quadrature method to fourth‐order differential equations
Authors: Wang Xinwei , Liu Feng , Wang Xinfeng , Gan Lifei
Published: December 2004

Various methods to apply multiple boundary conditions in the differential quadrature method are summarized and discussed. Two of them are new approaches appearing for the first time. Numerical examples demonstrate the accuracy of the new methods in applying multiple boundary conditions. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wind power, discourse coalitions and climate change: breaking the stalemate?
Authors: Szarka Joseph
Published: December 2004

In order to analyse the discourse coalitions existing within the wind sector in Britain, Denmark and France, this article first outlines a theoretical framework for policy analysis in terms of four discourse ‘ideal types’ and two categories of coalition behaviour. After examination of European and national energy policies, it goes on to map the main discourse coalitions in the wind sector and considers why their interaction often leads to conflict. The conclusion invites reassessment of the uses to which the policy arguments – particularly those related to climate change – have been put, and offers tentative proposals for reducing blockages. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Calcium and 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 target the TNF‐α pathway to suppress experimental inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Zhu Yan , Mahon Brett D. , Froicu Monica , Cantorna Margherita T.
Published: December 2004

Vitamin D‐deficient IL‐10 knockout (KO) mice develop accelerated inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Removing dietary calcium from the diets of vitamin D‐deficient IL‐10 KO mice increased the severity of IBD. The mice fed either calcium or active vitamin D (1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3, 1,25D3), developed an intermediate form of IBD, while the mice fed both calcium and 1,25D3 had the mildest form of IBD. TNF‐α secretion from Con A‐stimulated splenocytes was reduced by dietary calcium or 1,25D3 treatment. The IL‐10 KO mice that received both high calcium diets and 1,25D3 treatments had the lowest TNF‐α production. In the colons, a TNF‐α‐inducing transcription factor, LPS‐induced TNF‐α factor (LITAF), was inhibited by 1,25D3, but not by calcium. The inhibition of several TNF‐α‐related genes was associated with the decreased colitis in 1,25D3‐treated IL‐10 KO mice. Furthermore, fulminating IBD in vitamin D receptor/IL‐10 double‐KO mice corresponded with the increased expression of TNF‐α and LITAF in the colon. Our results suggest that dietary calcium has independent effects on IBD severity and that 1,25D3 and high calcium together result in the maximal suppression of experimental IBD. The data support a model where dietary calcium and 1,25D3 treatment directly and indirectly inhibit the TNF‐α pathway and suppress IBD.
Dendritic cells respond to influenza virus through TLR7‐ and PKR‐independent pathways
Authors: Barchet Winfried , Krug Anne , Cella Marina , Newby Celeste , Fischer Jens A. A. , Dzionek Andrzej , Pekosz Andrew , Colonna Marco
Published: December 2004

Natural interferon‐producing cells (IPC) secrete type I IFN (IFN‐α and ‐β) in response to influenza virus. This process is independent of viral replication and is mediated by Toll‐like receptor 7 (TLR7), which recognizes single‐stranded RNA (ssRNA). DC also express TLR7 but its function in DC response to influenza virus is unknown. To address this, we compared the DC and IPC responses to influenza virus and ssRNA oligoribonucleotides (ORN) that activate TLR7. When stimulated by ORN in vitro and in vivo, DC matured and produced inflammatory cytokines but not IFN‐α. DC did secrete IFN‐α in response to influenza virus. However, this response was independent of TLR7 signaling and required viral replication but not dsRNA‐activated protein kinase (PKR). We conclude that DC and IPC are hard‐wired to secrete IFN‐α via different pathways, reflecting their complementary but distinct roles in anti‐viral immunity.
Models and tools for strategic planning
Authors: Trainer James F.
Published: December 2004

The authors present an overview of strategic planning, examine its history and mystique, and conclude that planning, if properly implemented, can have a powerful impact on advancing and transforming colleges and universities.