bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artifacts in metallography: stains on the surface of metallographic samples
Authors: Anisovich A. G.
Published: April 2024

The article discusses stains from water and reagents, as well as false structures that occur on the surface of metal and alloy samples during metallographic sample preparation and etching. The appearance of such artifacts under bright‑field illumination and when using optical contrasting techniques such as dark‑field and polarized light is demonstrated.
Gas-Sensitive Characteristics of Low-Power Semiconductor Gas Sensors to CO and H2
Authors: Taratyn I. A. , Reutskaya O. G. , Gorokh G. G. , Serdyuk I. V. , Fedosenko V. S.
Published: April 2024

Strict requirements for determining of gases concentration in the working environment it is relevant to develop of semiconductor sensors which provide rapid response and safety of personnel in industrial and domestic premises. The aim of the work was to study gas-sensitive and dynamic characteristics of high-sensitive low-power sensors made on thin nanoporous substrates with gas-sensitive layers of semiconductor metal oxides. The low-power semiconductor gas sensor on the anodic alumina substrate has been developed. Sensors with gas-sensitive semiconductor metal oxide layers based on In2O3+Ga2O3, In2O3+SnO2 and SnO2+Pd deposited from aqueous solutions with subsequent firing on sensor information electrodes are manufactured. Studies of gas-sensitive characteristics have shown that sensors with SnO2 films with the addition of Pd nanoparticles have maximum sensitivity of about 85 % and high response rate to 10 ppm H2 at 410 °C. The maximum sensitivity of 250 % to 10 ppm CO at 220 °C was shown by films based on In2O3+SnO2, the response time τ90 was 5 s, while the sensitivity of In2O3+Ga2O3 and SnO2+Pd was 30–50 % at 410–420 ºC. Semiconducting metal oxides In2O3+Ga2O3 (70 % at 420 °C) and In2O3+SnO2 (30 % at 250 °C) showed lower sensitivity to hydrogen, with response time τ90 = 20 s. The sensors power consumption in all measurements was 28–60 mW. Semiconductor gas sensors with low energy consumption can be used in the systems development that monitor the carbon monoxide concentration in the work area, as well as detect ignition's early stages.
Normal Stresses with Temperature Bending of Composite Rod
Authors: Dudjak A. I. , Khvasko V. M.
Published: April 2024

Existing methods for calculating temperature stresses in composite rods have certain disadvantages. The importance of such calculations is related to the safety and efficiency of similar engineering structures in various industries such as 

construction, mechanical engineering and aviation. The paper presents a study of the behavior of composite rods under thermal loading, taking into account bending deformation and the conditions leading to maximum normal stresses. Composite rods consisting of two different metals welded together have been analyzed. A methodology for calculating normal stresses has been developed that takes into account the physical and mechanical characteristics of the materials of the component parts, such as the modulus of elasticity and coefficient of linear thermal expansion. The intrinsic neutral layers of each metal rod have been identified, which makes it possible to more accurately determine the stress distribution in the composite rods. An example of the analytical calculation of normal stresses occurring in a rod composed of steel and aluminum parts is provided. Diagrams of normal stresses along the height of the composite rods were constructed. Additionally, a FEM analysis of the composite rod under temperature influence was carried out while using Ansys 2023 R2 software. The results of the nume-rical study confirmed with high accuracy the data obtained theoretically. The outcomes of this study are crucial for practical applications in the design and construction of such composite structures, providing engineers with more accurate data for analyzing the influence of thermal stresses.
Comparative Analysis of Property Changes in Modified Asphalt Concretes Depending on the Modification Method and Polymer Concentration in the Binder
Authors: Yatsevich P. P.
Published: April 2024

The widespread use of polymers of various types for modifying asphalt concrete mixtures poses the task of determining the most optimal method for their introduction into the composition of asphalt concrete mixtures. The study considers options for dry introduction and pre-modification of bitumen. In this context, changes in the properties of asphalt concrete that reflect the material performance in a wide range of temperature are assessed. Technological aspects during construction of the pavement are also taken into account, depending on the quantitative concentration of the polymer modifier in the binder. The research has clearly demonstrated that the optimal way to achieve  high-temperature properties of asphalt in terms of polymer consumption, is pre-modification of bitumen, which allows optimizing the distribution of the modifier throughout the volume of the asphalt concrete mixture. Additionally, the research has shown that asphalt concretes with a high binder content are preferable for modification because bitumen is the primary component in interaction with polymers, and the thicker the bitumen film, the more optimally this process occurs. In addition, the studies have  revealed the negative influence of relatively high thermoplastic content on the low-temperature and technological properties of asphalt concrete mixtures, which can lead to a decrease in the resistance of asphalt concrete to corrosion damage.
Using Risk Points in Risk Management System of Thermal Power Plants
Authors: Tymul Ya. I.
Published: April 2024

In modern conditions, regardless of what type of economic activity an organization faces various risks. For manufacturing enterprises, the area of risks is one of the most extensive, since it is necessary to take into account uncertainties in both financial and production activities. Creation of  an effective risk management system determines ways and opportunities 

to ensure sustainability of organizations and their ability to withstand adverse situations. Risk reduction is possible through risk management, which involves their identification and assessment, as well as the use of procedures and management me-thods that would  reduce possible risks. For the most effective implementation of risk management, a systematic approach to organizing this process is required. Risk management will be of particular importance for energy companies due to the changes that have been observed in this area over the past few years. The paper proposes a risk management model for energy enterprises, which includes the goal, object, subject, functions, principles and processes of risk management, taking into account the characteristics of energy enterprises. An algorithm for implementing this model is presented, consisting of five main stages. The use of this algorithm will allow us to obtain intermediate results from the implementation of the risk management system and, if necessary, adjust this process. The paper presents an analysis of existing concepts on the use of risk points. Attention is also paid to the issue of using this method at energy enterprises in other countries. The methodology for determining critical control points, which lies in at the heart of HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) system used in the food industry, is discussed in detail. The possibility of using risk points to determine those responsible for risks at energy enterprises is substantiated. An analysis of the operating thermal power plant was carried out in order to identify points of production and technical risk. The result of the analysis was the identification of those responsible for this type of risk.
Nanoantenna Array for Terahertz Detection Application, Design and Scope
Authors: Pande S. V. , Patil D. P. , Gade S.
Published: April 2024

The development and implementation of a nanoantenna array for terahertz detection hold immense potential in advancing scientific research and innovation, proven by its ability to enhance terahertz signal reception, overcome limitations of conventional detection methods, and unlock new possibilities for numerous industries. However, concerns related to scalability, cost-effectiveness, and potential health hazards highlight the need for extensive research and regulation to ensure the safe and responsible deployment of this technology. In view of its remarkable highlights, the terahertz (THz) space of the electromagnetic range is wealthy in developing prospects in various applications, for example, remote correspondences, imaging, non-disastrous testing, security filtering, and process control. Terahertz waves are unmistakable for their non-ionizing radiation, further developed objective than microwaves, unprecedented reach ingestion, and ability to go through dielectric materials. This paper gives a brief overview of recent advances in THz antenna design for various applications and investigated possible challenges of these THz systems. We have also focus on terahertz sources and detectors as well as their applications and scope in different fields, different terahertz detection techniques, limitations of conventional terahertz detectors, design consideration parameters in the designing of nanoantenna, materials used for nanoantenna array designing, different fabrication techniques, parameters for evaluating performance and potential characteristics for nanoantenna array in tetrahertz detection.
Complexidade enunciativa do podcast em contexto de intercâmbio virtual no Ensino Superior
Authors: Tenani Luciani Ester
Published: April 2024

Este artigo trata de uma proposta didática formulada para o Ensino Superior visando à criação de podcast em contexto de intercâmbio acadêmico desenvolvido de modo virtual. O objetivo de caracterizar a complexidade enunciativa do podcast no contexto acadêmico é almejado no quadro teórico em que é feita a problematização das relações entre fala e escrita, enquanto modos de enunciação, e entre práticas orais e letradas, as quais ocorreram em contexto de intercâmbio cultural entre brasileiros e norte-americanos. Perpassam o tema central dois outros, a saber: (a) o desenvolvimento de práticas letradas digitais em ambiente acadêmico; (b) a elaboração de projetos de intercâmbio virtual que efetivamente promovam a ampliação de experiência acadêmica internacional de maneira colaborativa. As reflexões sobre o processo de produção colaborativa de episódios de podcast em contexto de intercâmbio virtual favoreceram positivamente a aprendizagem de práticas orais e letradas por universitários.
Articulação textual e interação: o papel da sequencialidade no estudo das relações textuais
Authors: Cunha Gustavo Ximenes
Published: April 2024

Neste trabalho, buscamos evidências de que a sequencialidade é uma dimensão que deve ser considerada no estudo das relações textuais. Por meio das análises de interações ocorridas em dois contextos institucionais distintos (entrevista televisiva e aula) e com base em contribuições teóricas e metodológicas da fala-em-interação, constatou-se que a sequencialidade e a projeção atuam de duas formas. No nível do par adjacente, a elaboração de um turno impacta a elaboração do turno seguinte e, consequentemente, as relações que aí se estabelecem. Já no âmbito de cada turno, o locutor, ao usar um recurso linguístico, como um conector adversativo, concessivo, reformulativo ou outro, projeta as ações que pretende realizar para alcançar a completude de seu turno. Dessa forma, a sequencialidade é uma dimensão diretamente relacionada ao estabelecimento das relações textuais, que, nesse quadro teórico e analítico, surgem como reveladoras da natureza reflexiva e praxiológica (acional) da linguagem.
Ethos no YouTube: uma análise de discursos em torno da vida saudável
Authors: Hadler Raquel Duarte
Published: April 2024

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma análise do ethos de discursos sobre a vida saudável que circulam no YouTube. O corpus proposto para análise é composto por três youtubers brasileiros que debatem abordagens distintas entre si sobre a vida saudável em voga no Brasil e no mundo, o que será analisado a partir do suporte teórico e metodológico da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa. Deste modo, será apresentado o conceito de ethos em uma perspectiva discursiva, o que envolve a inscrição histórica dos discursos analisados para, na sequência, desenvolver uma análise da construção do ethos pelos três youtubers escolhidos e algumas considerações sobre o que esta análise pode revelar diante da opacidade da língua. Foi possível observar a proliferação de “mundos éticos” cada vez mais particulares e respectivas adesões a partir do processo de incorporação do ethos como forma de atribuir sentido à própria vida.
(N)a busca da palavra ortográfica: flutuações na segmentação de palavra em textos dos anos iniciais do EF
Authors: Santos Giovanna Jully Alves dos , Tenani Luciani Ester
Published: April 2024

Este artigo trata de flutuações na segmentação de palavras, como “que ria” > “queria”, em textos de alunos dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Os dados foram produzidos em contexto escolar, cujas atividades abordaram critérios de identificação de fronteiras de palavra. Investigamos, a partir de análises quanti e qualitativas, como flutuaram as hipóteses de representação de palavra que emergiram do imaginário infantil antes e depois das atividades sobre segmentação de palavra. Os resultados obtidos demonstram haver tendência de registros convencionais de fronteira de palavra após as atividades desenvolvidas acerca dos critérios de segmentação de palavras, bem como alta recorrência de grafias que envolvem a atuação de constituintes mais baixos da hierarquia prosódica. A partir de tais resultados, argumentamos que as flutuações, por um lado, possibilitam observar aspectos de enunciados falados e escritos mobilizados durante a aquisição da noção (instável) de palavra e, por outro, contribuem para a reflexão sobre possibilidades de ensino de ortografia.
O apagamento do -R em final de infinitivos verbais em textos escolares do 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental II
Authors: Oliveira Sabrina Evelyn Cruz , Prado Natália Cristine
Published: April 2024

Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar o apagamento do -R em final de infinitivos verbais presentes em textos de alunos do Ensino Fundamental II, tecendo reflexões a partir dos dados gerados, observando os possíveis fatores linguísticos condicionantes do fenômeno, tais como os contextos fonológicos precedentes e seguintes e a extensão do vocábulo. Para o corpus desta pesquisa, foram coletadas, quantificadas e analisadas 82 redações de alunos do 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental II de duas instituições de ensino de Porto Velho – RO. Constatamos que, dos 545 infinitivos verbais escritos, houve 112 ocorrências de apagamento do rótico em posição de coda final, o que corresponde a 20,55% do total, a partir das quais se constata que a posição de coda final e o contexto fonológico podem influenciar o (não) apagamento do rótico, que se mostra mais frequente em verbos de 1ª conjugação e seguidos de consoante.
As partículas na sintaxe funcional latina: exploração à luz dos textos jurídicos republicanos
Authors: Aubert Eduardo Henrik
Published: April 2024

Este texto apresenta uma introdução às partículas latinas sob a perspectiva da sintaxe funcional, dialogando com a matriz do funcionalismo holandês e seus desdobramentos no tratamento da sintaxe latina. Principia-se por expor a discussão sobre a estrutura hierárquica da frase e se avança então a uma abordagem da categoria das partículas. Propõe-se uma conceitualização das partículas adequada ao marco teórico apresentado e, com supedâneo na bibliografia já existente, faz-se uma breve apresentação do funcionamento das principais partículas latinas. Por fim, examinam-se algumas categorias de textos jurídicos republicanos e se indaga sobre as motivações para a distribuição desigual das partículas nesse corpus.
Implications of Temperature for the Modification of High-Overmature Shale Reservoirs: Experimental and Numerical Analysis
Authors: Chen Xiangru , Tang Xin , Liu Cheng , Zhou Xiaoyi , Guo Sen , Yin Hong
Published: April 2024

High-temperature pore reconstruction technology is a reservoir reconstruction measure that has emerged in recent years. It is of great significance to study the variation in pore structure characteristics of shale under high temperature for reservoir reconstruction. To study the effect of high temperature on shale pores, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) experiments and fluid injection experiments were used to analyze the variation of pore structure characteristics under high temperature. Studies have shown that temperature has a great influence on the morphology and distribution characteristics of shale pores. In particular, there is a temperature between 300°C and 400°C that is suitable for modifying pores. The distribution characteristics, surface area, and volume of pores vary dramatically under this temperature threshold. The pore morphology and distribution characteristics changed from small and sparse to large and dense. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area increased by 95%. The cumulative surface area of Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) adsorption and desorption increased by 71.7% and 72%, respectively. The pore volume of the 2-nm to 20-nm pore size increased by 63.2%. The pore volume of pore sizes greater than 20 nm increased by 191.6%. The pore variation characteristics were in line with the typing law, and the fitting result R2 ranged from 0.92201 to 0.99882.
Purification of pesticide-rich wastewater 2,6-dichlorophenol in solar photo-oxidation reactor with visible light
Authors: Abodlal Ribh , dessouky ali , tawfik ahmed , Akel Tarek , elhelow ehab , said mahmoud , nasr Mohamed
Published: April 2024

2,6-Dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP), a compound used for synthesizing medical and pharmaceutical agents, is highly toxic and potentially carcinogenic. Advanced oxidation has been used for the cleavage of strong bonds in 2,6-DCP, giving a reliable and practical option compared with the conventional wastewater treatment systems. Hence, this study focused on the application of a solar photo-oxidation process to treat herbicides wastewater containing 2,6-DCP. Bismuth chloride was combined with biochar to maintain the dual benefits of 2,6-DCP adsorption and degradation concomitantly. The O–Bi–O and Bi–O bonds were successfully detected in the synthesized Bi12O17Cl2, whereas the synergetic effect between Bi12O17Cl2 and biochar was validated by increasing the carbon-based functional groups, reducing particle size (14–32 nm), and creating more active sites of the composite. The initial 2,6-DCP concentration of 122 mg/L was reduced to 17 mg/L (86.0% removal efficiency) within 6 h of photodegradation at a pH of 2.3 and a catalyst dosage of 100 mg/L. Concurrently, the phenol concentration in the aqueous solution increased from 4.7 to 32.4 mg/L, respectively. Reusing the photocatalytic reactions three times by the biochar/Bi12O17Cl2 composite reduced the 2,6-DCP removal efficiency by only 7.7%. Biochar exhibited an adsorption energy of -14.8 kJ/mol to capture 2,6-DCP, and it accumulated photo-excited electrons that react with adsorbed oxygen and/or dissolved oxygen to generate super oxygen radicals (•O2−). Super hydroxyl radicals (•OH) could also be generated from the positive holes (h+) in the valence band of Bi12O17Cl2. These radicals could cleave C–Cl bonds of 2,6-DCP, generating Cl− ions, dechlorinated product 2-CP, and phenols. The treatment of wastewater containing 2,6-DCP by the proposed biochar-based photocatalyst could cost 10.3 USD/m3.
Outpatient surgery and unplanned overnight admission in bilateral inguinal hernia repair: a population-based study
Authors: Hidalgo Nils Jimmy , Guillaumes Salvador , Llompart-Coll M. Magdalena , González-Atienza Paula , Bachero Irene , Momblán Dulce , Vidal Óscar
Published: April 2024

Purpose
The use of outpatient surgery in inguinal hernia is heterogeneous despite clinical recommendations. This study aimed to analyze the utilization trend of outpatient surgery for bilateral inguinal hernia repair (BHIR) in Spain and identify the factors associated with outpatient surgery choice and unplanned overnight admission.
Methods
A retrospective observational study of patients undergoing BIHR from 2016 to 2021 was conducted. The clinical-administrative database of the Spanish Ministry of Health RAE-CMBD was used. Patient characteristics undergoing outpatient and inpatient surgery were compared. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with outpatient surgery choice and unplanned overnight admission.
Results
A total of 30,940 RHIBs were performed; 63% were inpatient surgery, and 37% were outpatient surgery. The rate of outpatient surgery increased from 30% in 2016 to 41% in 2021 (p < 0.001). Higher rates of outpatient surgery were observed across hospitals with a higher number of cases per year (p < 0.001). Factors associated with outpatient surgery choice were: age under 65 years (OR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.92–2.11), hospital volume (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.47–1.72), primary hernia (OR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.71–2.08), and laparoscopic surgery (OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.39–1.56). Comorbidities were negatively associated with outpatient surgery. Open surgery was associated (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.09–1.47) with unplanned overnight admission.
Conclusions
Outpatient surgery for BHIR has increased in recent years but is still low. Older age and comorbidities were associated with lower rates of outpatient surgery. However, the laparoscopic repair was associated with increased outpatient surgery and lower unplanned overnight admission.
Cardioprotection effect with sevoflurane only provides limited clinical value during off-pump coronary artery surgery: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shuai Yichun , Liu Yan , Wang Xin , Wan Qiaoqian , Li Zhijian , Wu Jinzheng
Published: April 2024

Objective: Effects of sevoflurane and propofol anesthesia on cardioprotective and postoperative recovery were compared in patients with off-pump coronary bypass surgery.
Methods: Preoperative and postoperative myocardial enzymes, other blood
biochemical indexes and clinical outcome were retrospectively analyzed.
Results: Compared with the propofol group, the serum concentration of troponin I (1.19 ± 2.68 ng/mL vs 0.24 ± 0.52 ng/mL, p=0.018) and the brain natriuretic peptide (713.19 ± 849.31 pg/dL vs 403.78 ± 237.23 pg/dL, p=0.017) were significantly lower in sevoflurane group, the postoperative clinical outcome was not significantly different between the two groups.
Conclusion: Sevoflurane was used for anesthesia maintenance could reduce the serum level of cTnI and BNP after off-pump coronary bypass surgery, but the values of clinical outcome were limited.
Assessment of heavy metal(loid) contents of clay bricks manufactured and utilized as structural building material in Türkiye
Authors: Turhan Şeref , Duran Celalettin , Hançerlioğulları Aybaba , Bakır Temal Kan , Altuner Ergin Murat , Kurnaz Aslı , Ünal Sabri
Published: April 2024

Heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) originating from natural and anthropogenic activities can have toxic effects on humans even at low concentrations. Clay bricks (CBs), generally produced by mixing clay and water, are formed by firing the air-dried mixture to make them durable and stable. During firing, the CB suffers some chemical and physical changes and turns into a new artificial material. CBs, known as masonry units, have been one of the most used building materials throughout the history of construction. CB may naturally contain HMs depending on the geochemical structure of the clay used in the production phase. In this study, major and minor oxides and HM distributions in forty-five CB samples collected from thirty-one CB factories that provide approximately one-third of the CB utilized in buildings in Türkiye were determined for the first time using an energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. The average concentrations (in %, dw) of major and minor oxides in CB samples are in order of SiO2 (49.9) > Al2O3 (17.8) > CaO (9.5) > MgO (8.2) > Fe2O3 (7.5) > SO3 (3.6) > Na2O (3.3) > K2O (1.8) > TiO2 (0.9) > P2O5 (0.2) > MnO (0.1). The average concentrations (in mg/kg dw) of Fe, Ti, Mn, Cr, Sr, V, Ni, Zr, Zn, Cu, Co, Pb and As in CB samples were analyzed as 52779, 5329, 736, 341, 23, 192, 190, 110, 85, 44, 39, 14 and 8, respectively. According to the enrichment factor results based on the Earth's crust average, it was revealed that Cr, Ni, and As were naturally moderately enriched.
Blast mitigation using monolithic closed cell aluminium foam
Authors: Dey Chitralekha , Gokhale Amol Anant
Published: April 2024

Blast protection using cellular materials is being actively pursued at research and technology levels. The present work uniquely demonstrates generation of stress waves, strain waves and mass velocities in monolithic closed cell aluminium foams of different densities and lengths, subjected to simulated blast loads, and their combined effect on blast attenuation. The foams were assumed to be resting against a rigid end wall. If the numerically calculated stress at the back face was found less than the applied stress at the front face, the interaction was termed as blast mitigation or attenuation. The results show, ‘pressure mitigation’ to occur for low-density foams whose plastic strength is less than the applied pressure, but pressure amplification for high-density foams whose plastic strength is higher than the applied pressure. The pressure amplification observed in shorter length high density foams transformed to pressure mitigation if the foams were sufficiently long. Based on these results and other stress, strain and velocity related diagnostics, the underlying mechanism behind blast wave amplification/mitigation and its relation with foam density and length is proposed.
The Role of CT Radiomics Analysis in Predicting Overall Survival Following initial Chemotherapy for Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma
Authors: Yin Manxin , Yu Chunhai , Zhang Jianxin , Su Qiaona , Song Xin
Published: April 2024

Objectives: The current study sought to determine the potential use of the CT radiomics model in predicting overall survival in DLBCL patients.
Methods: The CT images and clinical data of DLBCL patients receiving chemotherapy from January 2013 to May 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, and 130 patients were included and categorized as training cohort (n=91) and validation cohort (n=39) at a 7:3 ratio. The CT radiomics features were extracted, and the Rad-score was calculated using the LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) algorithm. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression was used to screen independent risk factors, and then a nomogram model was developed jointly with the Rad-score. The ROC(operating characteristic curve), calibration curve, and decision curve assessments were utilized to assess the model's effectiveness, accuracy, and clinical significance in predicting OS.
Results: In total, 878 CT radiomics features were obtained from each patient, and 15 features highly correlated with OS in DLBCL patients were screened to calculate the Rad-score used to predict OS. Patients with Rad-score <-0.51 had a shorter overall survival time, and those with Rad-score >-0.51 had a longer overall survival time. A nomogram model was constructed by combining independent risk factors (Ann Arbor staging, IPI score, PS, effectiveness) based on multivariate analysis and Rad-score. In the training and validation cohorts, the AUC values of the nomogram model for predicting 3 and 5 years OS were 0.860 and 0.810, respectively, 0.838 and 0.816 which were higher than the Rad-score (0.744 and 0.763, respectively, 0.787 and 0.563). Furthermore, the calibration and decision curve evaluations revealed that the nomogram model strongly agrees and has a high clinical value in predicting OS in DLBCL patients.
Conclusion: The nomogram model based on clinical characteristics and CT radiomics features have a better prediction efficacy for overall survival following first-line treatment in DLBCL patients, and it exceeds the Rad-score model.
A case report of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) treatment in resource-limited setup: An Ethiopian Experience
Authors: Mulate Sebhatleab T , Molla Bereket A , Abera Berehanu M , Hailemariam Tseganesh M
Published: April 2024

Background
NMOSD is a rare and disabling immune-mediated inflammatory Astro cytopathic disease characterized by demyelination and axonal destruction, typically involving the spinal cord and the optic nerve.
Case presentation
Here we present a case report of a 53-year-old female patient who had a pertinent history of treatment for optic neuritis a few months back, currently diagnosed with Neuromyelitis Optica after she presented with a three-week history of weakness of lower extremity, headache, and neuropathic pain. She was pulsed with Methylprednisolone and started on Azathioprine, which significantly improved her clinical condition.
Conclusion
When patients with optic neuritis and transverse myelitis occur, a high index of suspicion for NMOSD is essential. Establishing a diagnosis based on clinical and MRI findings is crucial for initiating therapy quickly, halting more harm, and avoiding a delay in diagnosis. Our experience treating our patient shows that Azathioprine is still a practical choice in resource-limited setups.
Land Use Land Cover Change in the African Great Lakes Region: A Spatial-Temporal Analysis and Future Predictions for the Lake Kivu catchment, Rwanda.
Authors: Kayitesi Naomie M. , Guzha Alphonce C. , Tonini Marj , Mariethoz Gregoire
Published: April 2024

The African Great Lakes Region has experienced substantial Land Use Land Cover Change (LULCC) over the last decades. The main drivers of LULCC include an interplay of political, demographic, and socio-economic factors. This study focused on the Lake Kivu catchment in Rwanda, a critical ecosystem in the African Great Lakes Regions, exploring historical LULCC, their major drivers, and predicting future LULC for different development scenarios. The methodology involved image classification using seasonal composites and integrating spectral indices with topographic features to enhance the discrimination and capturing seasonal variations. The classification results demonstrated an overall accuracy and kappa exceeding 83%. Historical LULCC analysis showed significant changes, particularly the 1990–2000 decade, marked by forest loss ranging from 26.6–18.7% and an increase in agricultural land (from 27.7–43%). These changes were attributed to political conflicts in the region and population movements. Subsequent decades (2000–2010 and 2010–2020) witnessed forest recovery (24.8% by 2020). Artificial neural networks were used to predict future LULC scenarios, considering natural and socio-economic explanatory variables and historical LULC transitions. The analysis of explanatory variables highlighted the significant role of proximity to urban centers, population density, and terrain, in LULCC. River proximity drove agricultural and grassland expansion. The predicted future LULC for 2030 and 2050 indicate distinct trajectories likely to be influenced by demographic and socio-economic development trends. The findings of this study contribute to identifying opportunities for land restoration and conservation efforts, thereby ensuring the preservation of Lake Kivu catchment’s ecological integrity.
The SIMS: Severity on Imaging Myelopathy Score. A new multi-parametric MRI-based scoring system for degenerative cervical myelopathy
Authors: Morgado Alexis , Berthiller Julien , Subtil Fabien , Andre-Obadia Nathalie , Barrey Cédric Yves
Published: April 2024

Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CDM) is the leading cause of functional disability of spinal origin in people over 50 years old. The objective of the present study was to establish a multiparametric weighted scoring system, easy to use in daily practice, based on the most significant MRI signs and correlated as strongly as possible with the clinical presentation (mJOA) – the SIMS for Severity on Imaging Myelopathy Score. 99 patients who underwent clinical and radiological evaluation by mJOA and MRI between January 2015 and March 2021 were retrospectively included. The variables included in the score were the Fujiwara ratio, the T2-weighted intramedullary hyperintensity, the aspect of the perimedullary fluidcisterns, the Torg-Pavlov ratio, the local kyphosis and the number of stenotic levels. Each variable was first correlated to the mJOA score for each patient, making possible at the end to construct the final SIMS, and validate it by comparison with mJOA scores. The variables significantly correlated were the T2-weighted intramedullary hyperintensity, the reduction of perimedullary fluid spaces and the number of stenotic levels (p < 0.05). Then points were assigned to each variable according to their relative importance and made it possible to construct the definitive SIMS. The final correlation coefficient between SIMS and mJOA score was -0.747. This work showed that this new multi-parametric MRI-based scoring system represents a consistent mean to characterize the degree of severity of the degenerative cervical myelopathy.
Varying welding speeds and their effect on the microstructure and properties of Mg-9Li-3Al-3Zn alloy
Authors: Ma Linghang , Gao Shikang , Cui Fan , Liu Xinyang , Zhao Huihui , Zhou Li , Feng Xiaosong
Published: April 2024

Friction stir welding was used to join the duplex-structured Mg-9Li-3Al-3Zn alloys. The effects of welding speed on microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. After FSW, the nugget zone(NZ) experienced grain refinement, and the α phase dissolved into the β phase. The minimum grain size of α phase is 6.51 μm and the minimum α/β ratio is 3.33%. The welding heat primarily facilitated the solution of the Mg17Al12 and AlLi phases into the matrix. MgLi2Al, a new phase, was formed in NZ. Microstructure changes lead to an overall increase in joint hardness. At a 500 mm/min welding speed, the joint exhibited UTS 162.94 MPa, comparable to the base metal. The corrosion resistance of the joint was enhanced due to grain refinement and a decreased α/β phase ratio. The self-corrosion current of the alloy was reduced from 4.298×10-5 A/cm2 to 2.06×10-4 A/cm2 in NZ. The corrosion products were confirmed to be Mg(OH)2, Al(OH)3 and Li2CO3.
Codeveloping a community-based, peer-led psychosocial support intervention to reduce tuberculosis-related stigma in Indonesia: a mixed-methods participatory action study
Authors: Wingfield Tom , Fuady Ahmad , Anindhita Mariska , Haniifah Matsna , Putri Arieska , Karnasih Artasya , Agiananda Feranindhya , Yani Finny , Haya Marinda , Pakasi Trevino
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Peer support and community-based psychological interventions can reduce infectious diseases-related stigma and mental illness. The evidence for such interventions among people with tuberculosis is limited. This study aimed to engage with multisectoral stakeholders in Indonesia to co-develop a peer-led, community-based psychosocial intervention that is replicable, acceptable, and sustainable.
Methods
This study used a participatory action design and engaged key national, multisectoral stakeholders to ensure that the intervention co-design was relevant and appropriate within both the TB health system and sociocultural context of Indonesia. The co-design of the intervention evolved through four phases: (1) a scoping review to identify a long list of potential TB stigma reduction interventions; (2) a Delphi survey to define a shortlist of the potential interventions; (3) a national multisectoral participatory workshop to identify and pre-finalize the most viable elements of psychosocial support to distil into a single complex intervention; and (4) finalization of the intervention activities.
Results
The scoping review identified 12 potential intervention activities. These were then reduced to a shortlist of six potential intervention activities through a Delphi Survey completed by 22 stakeholders. At the national participatory workshop, the suitability, acceptability, feasibility, and scalability of the six potential intervention activities, both alone and in combination, were discussed by the key stakeholders. Based on these discussions, the research team selected the final four complementary activities to be integrated into the psychosocial support intervention, which consisted of: individual psychological assessment and counseling; monthly peer-led psychological group counseling; peer-led individual support; and community-based TB Talks.
Conclusion
Meaningful participation of multisectoral stakeholders facilitated co-design of a community-based, peer-led intervention to reduce stigma and depression amongst people with TB and their households, which was considered locally-appropriate and viable. The intervention is now ready for implementation and evaluation.
Comparison of four current guidelines on predicting advanced neoplasia in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas
Authors: Moon Ji Yoon , Choi Seo-Youn , Kim Seung Soo , Lee Ji Eun , Lee Jisun
Published: April 2024

The detection of pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) has increased, and guidelines have been established to predict advanced neoplasia (AN).This study aimed to compare four recently updated guidelines for predicting AN in pancreatic IPMNs and investigate the potential improvement of each to enhance predictive capabilities during future revisions. We conducted a retrospective study of all patients with pathologically proven IPMNs at four centers between January 2010 and December 2021. The diagnostic performance of the European Study Group (EG), International Association of Pancreatology (IAP), American Gastroenterological Association (AGA), and American College of Radiology (ACR) guidelines was analyzed. A total of 152 patients (mean age, 67 years ± 10.3 [standard deviation]; 86 men) with pancreatic IPMNs (malignant, 63) were included in the present study. IAP guidelines exhibited the highest specificity (74.2%), accuracy (82.2%), and positive predictive value (72.0%) for predicting AN in pancreatic IPMNs, while EG guidelines showed the highest sensitivity (96.8%) and negative predictive value (96.0%). The specificity and accuracy of the IAP guidelines were significantly higher than those of the EG and AGA guidelines (p < 0.001 and p = 0.05, p < 0.001 and p = 0.05, respectively). The area under the curve (AUC) was highest for the IAP (0.839; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.784–0.894) and lowest for the EG (0.754; 95%, CI 0.697–0.810) guidelines. The IAP guidelines showed the highest diagnostic performance. To standardize the guidelines and prevent conflicting statements, diverse guidelines for pancreatic IPMNs could be collaborated internationally.
Traumatic childhood experiences and levels of personality functioning: Effect of body connection in a cross-sectional German and Chilean sample
Authors: Bertsch Katja , Göhre Isabelle , Cottin Marianne , Zettl Max , Wienrich Carolin , Back Sarah N.
Published: April 2024

Background: Traumatic childhood experiences are a major risk factor for developing mental disorders later in life. Over the past decade, researchers have begun to investigate the role of early trauma in impairments in personality functioning following the introduction of the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders in Section III of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders 5. Although first studies were able to empirically demonstrate a significant link between early trauma and impairments in personality functioning, only little is known about the underlying mechanisms. One possible mechanism is body connection due to its involvement in self-regulatory processes and its link to both early trauma and personality (dys)functioning.Objective: In the current study, we investigated whether body connection, which encompasses the awareness, integration, and utilization of one’s own bodily signals, mediates the relationship between childhood trauma and personality functioning.Participants and Setting:A total of 1,313 adult participants recruited from the general population and psychiatric hospitals in Germany and Chile anonymously provided self-report data in an online survey.Methods: Self-report data included the short form of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF), the Scale of Body Connection (SBC), and the brief form of the Levels of Personality Functioning Scale (LPFS-BF 2.0) as well as demographic data (age, sex, education, clinical diagnoses).Results: Traumatic childhood experiences explained 26% of the variance in impairments in personality functioning. Interestingly, 60% of this effect was explained by body connection, particularly body dissociation. Additional exploratory analyses revealed that body dissociation and, to a much lesser extent, body awareness, accounted for 64% of the variance in self functioning and 55% of the variance in interpersonal functioning explained by childhood trauma.Conclusion: Body connection appears to be an important mediator in the association between early trauma and impaired personality functioning, underscoring the need for interventions specifically targeting the avoidance and ignorance of signals from one’s own body in individuals with traumatic childhood trauma.
CycleGAN-based Data Augmentation to Improve Generalizability Alzheimer’s Diagnosis using Deep Learning
Authors: Kumar Satish , Arif Tasleem
Published: April 2024

Alzheimer's disease is a degenerative condition that progressively damages brain neurons, ultimately leading to dementia and death. Despite the limited number of available samples, effective diagnostic methods are crucial to diagnose Alzheimer's disease. Typically, a combination of laboratory and neuro-psychological testing is employed for diagnosis. The decrease in brain mass linked to Alzheimer's disease can be identified by MRI scans, which makes it a suitable problem for deep learning and computer vision. A precise and effective deep learning model would provide physicians with valuable support for their diagnoses. However, medical data is often challenging to obtain, and deep learning requires considerable data. To address this issue, generative adversarial networks can be useful. In this study, we proposed a CycleGAN to generate relevant synthetic images of intestinal parasites to solve the data scarcity challenge. To classify Alzheimer's disease using MRI scans, we developed convolutional neural networks based on the Google Inceptionv3 CNN architecture for this study. We attained an impressive F-1 score of 89%. Furthermore, we demonstrated the effectiveness of GANs in enhancing classification accuracy when used for data augmentation by creating samples with CycleGAN, achieving a remarkable F-1 score of 95%.
Age and CD4 + T cell count influence ESAT6-CFP10 skin test results in patients with tuberculosis
Authors: yuanyuan 袁媛 , Liu Xuhui , Xia Lu , Wu Qiaoyu , Liu Xiangxiang , Huang Huan , Lu Shuihua
Published: April 2024

Background
Cellular immunity plays an important role in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of tuberculosis. The ESAT6-CFP10 skin test has good sensitivity and specificity. Levels of CD4 + T lymphocytes may influence the results of the ESAT6-CFP10 skin test in TB patients.
Methods
ESAT6-CFP10 skin tests were conducted on 271 admitted patients at Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center. TB patients were divided into either positive or negative EC skin test groups for retrospective analysis with CD4 + T lymphocyte counts to explore the relationship between CD4 + T lymphocyte mediated cellular immunity and ESAT6-CFP10 skin test results. A total of 271 patients with TB were included in the study.
Results
Among TB patients, 157 cases were EC positive and 114 cases were EC negative. Univariate analysis of age, gender, BMI, CD4+, CD 8+, CD4+/CD8 + showed that age and CD4 + T lymphocytes were significantly associated with EC skin test results (p < 0.05). Binary Logistic regression analysis of EC skin test results showed that age and CD4 + were the influencing factors of EC skin test (p < 0.05). AUC (95% CI) for age and CD4 + were 0.389 (0.322–0.456) and 0.623 (0.555–0.691), respectively.
Conclusion
Age and CD4 + T lymphocytes affect the results of ESAT6-CFP10 skin test in patients with tuberculosis, but more data are needed to support whether they can be used as auxiliary indicators to predict the results of EC skin test.
Pre-Primary Education Practices and Quality Service Provision in Gambella Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Legede chala , Mamo Tadesse , Yismaw Abunu , Debelo Desalegn
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to investigate the practices and status of quality service provision in pre-primary schools in Gambella Regional State, Ethiopia. The study was assessed the current practices of pre-primary education, the leadership practices of pre-primary schools, the attachments of pre-primary education with primary schools, and the overall status of quality service provision. A mixed-methods approach was employed, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative methods. Participants included education experts, principals, teachers, and parent teachers’ association leaders. Data was collected through questionnaires, observations, interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis. The study findings revealed significant deficiencies in the existing practices of pre-primary education in government preprimary schools, despite the presence of policy and standard provisions for pre-primary education in the region. These deficiencies encompassed a lack of implementation guidelines, insufficient provision of age-appropriate teaching-learning materials, limited activities promoting children's interaction, inadequate teacher-student ratios, classrooms that were not adequately sized, poor ventilation, and inappropriate furniture. Additionally, the attachment of pre-primary schools to primary schools posed difficulties, with a preference for establishing pre-primary schools separately. The study also identified concerns regarding the quality of service provision, including low levels of improvement in reading skills, recognition of alphabet letters, children's interest in learning, and parental satisfaction. This study underscores the urgent need for significant improvements in the quality of pre-primary education in government preprimary schools in Gambella Regional State. Addressing the deficiencies in implementation guidelines, teaching-learning materials, teacher-student ratios, classroom size, and furniture suitability is crucial. Furthermore, the establishment of separate pre-primary schools is vital steps towards enhancing the overall quality of pre-primary education in the region.
Voriconazole Metabolism is Associated with the Number of Skin Cancers Per Patient
Authors: Ike Jacqueline I , Smith Isabelle T , Mosley Dominique , Madden Christopher , Grossarth Sarah , Halle Briana R , Lewis Adam , Mentch Frank , Hakonarson Hakon , Bastarache Lisa , Wheless Lee
Published: April 2024

Voriconazole exposure is associated with skin cancer, but it is unknown how the full spectrum of its metabolizer phenotypes impacts this association. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to determine how variation in metabolism of voriconazole as measured by metabolizer status of CYP2C19 is associated with the total number of skin cancers a patient develops and the rate of development of the first skin cancer after treatment. There were 1,739 organ transplant recipients with data on CYP2C19 phenotype. Of these, 134 were exposed to voriconazole. There was a significant difference in the number of skin cancers after transplant based on exposure to voriconazole, metabolizer phenotype, and the interaction of these two (p < 0.01 for all three). This increase was driven primarily by number of squamous cell carcinomas among rapid metabolizes with voriconazole exposure (p < 0.01 for both). Patients exposed to voriconazole developed skin cancers more rapidly than those without exposure (Fine-Grey hazard ratio 1.78, 95% confidence interval 1.19–2.66). This association was similarly driven by development of SCC (Fine-Grey hazard ratio 1.83, 95% confidence interval 1.14–2.94). Differences in voriconazoles metabolism are associated with an increase in the number of skin cancers developed after transplant, particularly SCC.