bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of cigarette smoke as a risk factor for hypertension in pregnancy
Authors: Cahya Mulat Trimaya , Wang Jianing
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Hypertension in pregnancy is one of the severe complications and is the leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Risk factors for hypertension in pregnancy include various aspects, including exposure to cigarette smoke, which has a detrimental impact on the mother and fetus. This study aims to analyze the impact of exposure to cigarette smoke as a risk factor for hypertension in pregnancy.
Methods: The design of observational analytical research with a cross-sectional design uses point-time, observation, or data collection methods to examine the relationship dynamics between impact risk factors. The dependent variable of this study is the prevalence of hypertension in pregnant women. The number of samples was 128 people using the purposive sampling technique.
Results: The results of the study showed that pregnant women who were exposed to cigarette smoke, both active and passive, had a higher risk of developing hypertension compared to mothers who were not exposed. Harmful components in cigarette smoke, such as nicotine and carbon monoxide, play a role in raising blood pressure through vasoconstriction mechanisms and oxidative stress, which aggravate the workload of the heart and circulatory system.
Conclusions: These findings show the need for prevention and education efforts to reduce exposure to cigarette smoke in pregnant women, to reduce the incidence of hypertension in pregnancy, and improve the health of mothers and babies. With this information, it is hoped that health workers and the public can be more aware of the dangers of cigarette smoke during pregnancy and strive for a smoke-free environment for pregnant women.
The patient's level of knowledge about analgesic drug self-medication
Authors: Kadang Yuniharce , Sulaturrahma Fatun
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Self-medication is the practice of using drugs without a doctor's prescription to overcome minor health problems, one of which is analgetic drugs to reduce pain. Although self-medication can improve the accessibility of medications, improper use can be risky for the patient's health. Adequate knowledge of the types, dosages, and ways of using analgesic medications is essential to ensure effectiveness and avoid adverse side effects. This study aims to evaluate the level of patient knowledge about analgetic drug self-medication.
Methods: This study uses a quantitative design with a survey approach. Data was collected through a questionnaire distributed to 81 patients who visited the pharmacy.
Results: The results of this study indicate that the percentage of respondents' answers is 8.091%. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the level of patient knowledge about self-medication of analgtic drugs is in a good category.
Conclusions: The results showed that the majority of patients had sufficient knowledge about the indications and dosage of analgetic drugs, but there was a gap in understanding of potential side effects and drug interactions. This indicates the need for more intensive health education regarding self-medication, especially in the use of analgesic drugs, to reduce the risk of inappropriate use
Reingeniería de un secador adiabático de charolas para pequeños productores hortofrutícolas
Authors: Hernández Romero Luz María , Cadena Juárez José Felipe Fausto , Luna Román Mayra
Published: November 2024

En la región donde se encuentra ubicado el Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Ciudad Serdán predominan la producción agrícola y frutícola, hace algunos año se diseñó un equipo secador de charolas y  por mucho fue utilizado para darle valor agregado y alargar su vida de anaquel de productos del campo como manzana, pera, durazno, tejocote, nopal, manzanilla, papa, zanahoria, epazote, acelga entre otros, y el continuo uso del equipo llego a agotar su eficiencia en muchas de sus partes mecánicas y dejo de ser funcional para el secado de productos del campo, mediante un diagnóstico en el sector agrícola de la región del Valle de Serdán en su actividad agrícola se detectó que la comercialización de frutas y hortalizas se realiza en fresco, lo cual genera desventajas como bajo precio debido a una amplia oferta y a un elevado índice de intermediarismo, además de su corta vida de anaquel del producto lo que repercute el bajo nivel de ingresos para los productores haciendo cada vez menos rentable la actividad agrícola, los productores de la región se han acercado a la institución para apoyarlos en darles ese valor agregado y aprender otras alternativas de formas de conservar y comercializar sus productos de temporal en cualquier época del año y poder colocarlos o abarcar  otros mercados, el presente trabajo de investigación tuvo por objetivo realizar la reingeniería del secador de charolas para la deshidratación de frutas y hortalizas como una alternativa tecnológica para los pequeños productores al alcance de su ingreso económico y de esta manera implementar un método de conservación con la transferencia de tecnología y en paralelo la oportunidad de acceder a otros mercados en cualquier época del año.
Kohesi dan Koherensi Berita Surat Kabar Online Wonosobo Zone Edisi September - November 2024
Authors: Riyan Prasetyo  , Mursia Ekawati
Published: November 2024

Research This study aims to analyze cohesion and coherence in the news of Wonosobo Zone online newspaper. Wonosobo Zone online newspaper from September to November 2024. Cohesion refers to cohesion between linguistic elements in the text, while coherence refers to the logical integration of meaning between ideas. to the logical integration of meaning between ideas. This research uses qualitative approach with a text analysis method, where data in the form of news published during the published during the period were analyzed using cohesion and coherence. coherence. The results showed that the news analyzed generally have a good level of cohesion through the use of devices such as reference, conjunction, and lexical devices. There is marked coherence, namely coherence of intensity, causality and contrast. This study concludes that good quality of cohesion and coherence is needed to increase the effectiveness of news communication to readers. news communication to readers. The results of the study can serve as a reference for improving the quality of news writing in local online newspapers.
Analisis Kinerja Guru Dalam Mengembangkan Bahan Ajar IPS Terpadu Kelas VIII di SMPN 7 Medan
Authors: Budiyanti Budiyanti  , Nazwa Aulia Azhari  , Muhammad Najmul Fahmi  , Ellma Aggresia Br Purba  , Aprilia Zaeni Rapiah  , Dhea Zuhrika  , Agustina Rahayu Sianturi  , Siti Nurhaliza Lubis  , Dra Tumiar Sidauruk
Published: November 2024

This research analyzes teacher performance in developing Integrated Social Sciences teaching materials at SMPN 7 Medan. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method. The interview results show that teachers are able to organize teaching material by combining various fields of study, such as Geography, Economics, History and Sociology, by agreeing on a theme first before presenting it to students. The development of Geography teaching materials, which is considered more difficult than other fields of study, is carried out with a longer time allocation and the use of local resources. In teaching methods, teachers apply fun approaches such as discussion, Contextual Teaching Learning (CTL), Quantum Teaching, and inquiry to increase student involvement and encourage critical thinking. However, obstacles in developing teaching materials, especially Geography material, are overcome by enriching literacy and utilizing learning methods based on group discussions and case studies. Integrated social studies learning at SMPN 7 Medan becomes more effective and relevant to students' daily lives thanks to the contextual approach applied by the teacher.
Eksistensi Kepedulian Sosial dalam Membangun Ukhuwah Wathaniyah pada Masyarakat Kec. Tanjung Beringin, Kab. Serdang Bedagai
Authors: Mila Rima Dani  , Mardhiah Abbas  , Zulkarnain Zulkarnain
Published: November 2024

This research examines the existence of social care in building ukhuwah wathaniyah in the community of Tanjung Beringin District, Serdang Bedagai Regency. Ukhuwah wathaniyah, as a concept of brotherhood that transcends ethnic and religious barriers, is an important foundation in strengthening social relations in a diverse society. This research focuses on how forms of social care, such as gotong royong, humanitarian assistance, and cooperation between citizens play a role in creating harmony and solidarity in the midst of society. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach with data collection through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive analytical method to describe the patterns of social interaction that support ukhuwah wathaniyah. The research findings show that social care in Tanjung Beringin Sub-district is a key factor in strengthening ukhuwah wathaniyah. The local community shows a strong commitment to maintaining and improving social harmony through various activities that involve all levels of society. The results of this study provide a deeper understanding of the importance of social care in building ukhuwah wathaniyah in a multicultural society. It is hoped that this research can serve as a reference for policy makers and related parties in formulating inclusive and sustainable social development strategies in Tanjung Beringin Sub-district as well as other areas with similar social characteristics.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Ilmiah Peserta Didik
Authors: Ulfita Sari  , Salim Salim  , Safran Hasibuan
Published: November 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of problem based learning model on students' scientific thinking skills. This type of research is experimental research, the design used is a quasi-experimental with a pretest posttest non-equivalent control group design. This research was conducted in class IV at one of the Private Elementary Madrasahs in Batubara Regency. The population of the study was all students in class IV with a total sample of 30 students. The instrument used was a scientific thinking ability test in the form of 5 essay questions. The results of this study used the analysis prerequisite test, namely the normality test and the homogeneity test. The hypothesis test in this study used the paired sample t test statistic on the IBM SPSS version 29 program, the sig value was obtained. (2tailed) is 0.001 <0.05 so that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted indicating the influence of the problem based learning model on students' scientific thinking skills. For further researchers, this research should be completed by examining other aspects in detail that have not been reached at this time.
Identifikasi Pemanfaatan Beasiswa PIP dan Dampaknya terhadap Motivasi Berprestasi Serta Disiplin Siswa Penerima Beasiswa di SMA Pesisir Berau
Authors: Endry Setiawan  , Widyatmike Gedhe Mulawarman  , Evy Hanifah  , Nur Khayati  , Risna Herjayanti  , Lailan Sawiyah Siagian  , Mulyati Mulyati  , Ami Aulia  , Noryani Noryani
Published: November 2024

This study aims to identify the utilisation of the Smart Indonesia Programme (PIP) scholarship and its impact on the achievement motivation and discipline of scholarship recipients at SMA Pesisir Berau. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach. The research was conducted on 14 April - 24 April 2024 This case study was conducted at SMAN 14 Berau. The research subjects were 10 students who received PIP scholarship. Data were collected through unstructured interviews with 10 samples of students, parents, and counselling teachers. The results showed that; (1) The scholarship was utilised to buy school needs, transport costs, and help with family economic needs. (2) Scholarships have a positive impact on students' achievement motivation and discipline. (3) Factors that support the utilisation of scholarships and their positive impact are students' internal motivation, the role of parents, and school supervision.
Kesantunan Berbahasa dalam Media Sosial : Kajian Pragmatik terhadap Komentar Online
Authors: Ila Maghfiroh  , Rahmiati Rahmiati
Published: November 2024

This research aims to analyze politeness strategies in online comments on social media, with a focus on the application of Brown and Levinson's politeness theory. Social media as a virtual public space presents challenges in maintaining communication ethics, especially regarding user anonymity and spontaneity. Research data is obtained from online comments on platforms such as Instagram, Twitter, and YouTube, which are relevant to certain public topics. A qualitative approach with pragmatic discourse analysis is used to identify forms of positive politeness, negative politeness and politeness violations.  The research results show that positive politeness strategies are more dominant than negative politeness, especially on emotional topics. Speech act patterns that are often found include illocutionary acts in the form of support or praise, as well as perlocutionary acts that create an emotional response. Cultural factors, discussion topic, level of anonymity, and age of the user influence the application of politeness. The findings also revealed that politeness violations occurred more frequently in controversial discussions.  This research provides practical implications in increasing social media users' awareness of communicating politely. In addition, digital platforms are expected to strengthen moderation features to create a healthier communication space. Further research is recommended to explore the relationship between language politeness and digital conflict in various cultural contexts.
Upaya Peningkatan Media Wordwall terhadap Motivasi Belajar pada Pelajaran SKI Materi Kisah Teladan Nabi Muhammad SAW Kelas V MI Islamiyyah Kraksaan
Authors: Alfina Muniffatuz Zahra’  , Ainur Rofiq Sofa
Published: November 2024

This study aims to examine the impact of utilizing the Wordwall interactive media on student motivation in learning Islamic Cultural History (SKI), focusing on the exemplary stories of Prophet Muhammad SAW for Grade V students at MI Islamiyyah Kraksaan. This research employs a quantitative experimental approach with a pretest-posttest design involving 25 students as participants. The results reveal that the application of Wordwall significantly enhances student motivation, with a 20% average increase in pretest-posttest scores. Observations show heightened student engagement during lessons, marked by active participation in discussions, asking questions, and completing tasks. Additionally, Wordwall facilitates better understanding and retention of moral values exemplified by Prophet Muhammad SAW, such as honesty, patience, and compassion. Challenges include the necessity of stable internet access and device availability. This study underscores Wordwall's potential as an effective educational tool to create a more interactive, enjoyable, and meaningful learning experience.
Pengaruh Kegiatan Ekstrakulikuler terhadap Pengembangan Soft Skills Siswa
Authors: Wahyu Ardias  , Khairul Fajri  , Gusmanelli Gusmanelli
Published: November 2024

The  Influence  of  Extracurricular  Activities  on  Increasing  Students'  Soft  Skill  Ability.This  research  is  motivated  by  the results of observations that researchers made of students at SMKN 34 Jakarta which is very unfortunate because there are still many students at SMK Negeri 34 Jakarta who do not take part in extracurricular activities at all, even though there is very much that can be obtained if students take part in activities This is for example the ability of public speaking so that it supports students to be able to survive and develop in the world of work in the future. The method usedin this study is quantitative research using a correlational analytical descriptive approach, which combines the X and Y variables with a census of 17, which includes seventeen students.The results obtained from this study show that there is sufficient or moderate influence of extracurricular activities on improving the soft skills of students, the results of the analysis of the magnitude of the influence are 0.475 or 47%. The conclusion from the results of the analysis of the magnitude of the influence of extracurricular activities on improving soft skills of students is classified as sufficient or moderate, which is equal to 0.475 or 47%. This is because extracurricular activities are very influential in improving soft skills, soft skills are positive, the majority of students who take part in extracurricular activities well are students who have good soft skills too. meaning that there is an influence of extracurricular activities on the improvement of students' soft skills.
Sosialisasi Pencegahan Perundungan Siber pada Remaja di Era Digital Bagi Siswa/I SMAN 6 Jakarta
Authors: Fauziyyah Amanda , Dilla Nazwa Anvella , Manalu Belina Sascika , Rasyadan Dinov Putra  , Adhidarma Pratama Setiaputra , Harahap Atthiyah Naura Khalisah , Satya Muhammad Naufal , Abidin Wiene Jasmine , Mubarok Rangga Wulung A’ , Tarina Dwi Desi Yayi , Satino  , Suprima  , Manalu Ronald
Published: November 2024

Cyberbullying is a serious issue in the digital era, particularly among teenagers. This article discusses an educational program for 11th-grade students of SMAN 6 Jakarta to enhance their understanding of the negative impacts of cyberbullying and how to prevent it. This program seeks to raise awareness about various forms of cyberbullying, such as insults, hoaxes, social exclusion on social media, and threats that can harm mental health. This article emphasizes the crucial role of parents and educators in creating a safe digital environment for students. The results of this activity indicate an increased understanding among SMAN 6 Jakarta students regarding the importance of cyberbullying education. This article also explores the implications for developing sustainable programs to prevent cyberbullying and curb its spread among teenagers.
Abstrak
Perundungan siber merupakan masalah serius di era digital, terutama di kalangan remaja. Artikel ini membahas penyuluhan kepada masyarakat, khususnya kepada siswa-siswi kelas XI SMAN 6 Jakarta untuk meningkatkan pemahaman tentang dampak negatif dan pencegahan perundungan siber. Kegiatan ini menyoroti berbagai bentuk perundungan siber, seperti penghinaan, penyebaran hoax, pengucilan sosial di media sosial, dan ancaman yang dapat merusak kesehatan mental. Artikel ini menekankan pentingnya peranan aktif orang tua dan para pendidik dalam menciptakan lingkungan digital yang aman bagi siswa-siswi. Hasil kegiatan ini mengindikasikan peningkatan pemahaman siswa-siswi SMAN 6 Jakarta terkait pentingnya edukasi perundungan siber. Artikel ini menguraikan implikasi bagi pengembangan program-program pencegahan perundungan siber yang berkelanjutan dan mencegah perluasan perundungan siber di tingkat remaja.
Kata Kunci: Edukasi, Perundungan Siber, Remaja
Bioprospecção de actinobactérias amazônicas isoladas do solo rizosférico
Authors: Oliveira Mendes Anna Ludmylla , Castro Alves Jane Ferreira , Costa Ramos Adriana , Do Nascimento Chaves Karine Rodrigues , Rabelo da Silva Silvia Katrine
Published: November 2024

O presente estudo propõe se a investigar a atividade biológica de compostos obtidos de actinobactérias isoladas. Foi avaliado o isolado PAT20 , na produção de substâncias antimicrobianas pela técnica de difusão em ágar contra patógenos para identificar os isolados promissores. A caracterização morfológica e bioquímica ocorreu seguindo o International Streptomyces Project. A partir da obtenção dos metabólitos secundários extraídos através do solvente acetato de etila ,em seguida, foi realizado o teste de CG-MS,foram identificados 17 compostos voláteis diferentes a partir do isolado PAT20 e reconhecidos por suas atividades Antimicrobianas, antioxidantes e antifúngica. OTris(2,4-di-tert-buty|phenyl) phosphate(28,00%) foi o principal composto identificado no extrato. O isolado foi ativo contra ao menos um dos 11 patógenos testados, com espectro de ação variando entre bactérias Gram positivas e Gram negativas.  O isolado PAT20 se destacou com os maiores halos de inibição contra Aeromonas hydrophyla medindo 9 mm , 22 mmProteus vulgaris e 16 mm Bacillus subtilis respectivamente, indicando uma alta atividade antagonica. Bioquimicamente, os isolados promissores apresentaram índice enzimático para Lipase e Esterase. Esses resultados demonstram o potencial da biodiversidade amazônica, revelando o isolado do solo rizosferico PAT20 como produtora de substâncias antimicrobianas, antifúngicas e antioxidante de interesse para a indústria biotecnológica, que tem o potencial de contribuir não apenas para a compreensão da biodiversidade microbiana na região amazônica, mas também para o desensolvimento de novas estratégias terapêuticas e produtos biotecnologicos inovadores.
Sensibilidade dental e clareamento: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Marques da Silva Camila , Carvalho de Araújo Victo Igor , Gomes Soares Priscila
Published: November 2024

A crescente busca por sorrisos brancos e perfeitos reflete um ideal estético que eleva a autoestima, aumentando a demanda por clareamento dental. O procedimento, realizado com peróxido de carbamida ou hidrogênio, pode causar sensibilidade dentinária, influenciada pela concentração e duração do tratamento. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a relação entre o uso de géis clareadores, a duração do tratamento e a sensibilidade dentinária. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura recente, visando compreender melhor como esses fatores interagem e afetam a experiência do paciente durante e após o clareamento dental. Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura sobre a sensibilidade associada ao clareamento dental, utilizando Google Acadêmico, Scielo e PubMed. A pesquisa incluiu artigos em português e inglês, publicações originais, metanálises e revisões sistemáticas, utilizando as palavras-chave “clareamento dentário”, “sensibilidade dentária” e “dessensibilização da dentina”. A sensibilidade dentária é comum após clareamento, afetando 50% dos pacientes. Fatores como a frequência do tratamento e a falta de supervisão aumentam o desconforto. Agentes dessensibilizantes, como o nitrato de potássio, e técnicas como o uso de pasta de nano-hidroxiapatita ajudam a reduzir essa sensibilidade sem comprometer os resultados estéticos. O clareamento dental pode causar sensibilidade dentinária, mas agentes dessensibilizantes, como nitrato de potássio e fluoreto de sódio, ajudam a reduzir esse desconforto. Profissionais devem realizar uma anamnese detalhada e orientar sobre cuidados pós-tratamento para garantir eficácia e segurança no procedimento.
Evaluating Technology (Social Media and Apps) And Blockchain for Cost-
Savings and Efficiencies in Event Management
Authors: Sarpal Rakesh , Renganathan Tamil Selvi , Ti Yin Rachel Low
Published: November 2024

This literature review investigates the transformative impact of technology, particularly social
media, event-mobile apps, and blockchain on the event management industry. This exploration of
technology's influence on the industry reveals a profound shift in how events are planned,
marketed, and executed. It addresses two key research questions: the influence of apps and social
media on cost savings in event marketing and how blockchain technology enhances efficiencies,
specifically in ticketing and data security. Social media is shown to be a cost-effective marketing
tool that reduces expenses, though it comes with its own set of challenges, such as data
management and maintaining visibility in a crowded digital landscape. Event-mobile apps are
highlighted for their ability to reduce costs, streamline logistics, and improve attendee experiences,
but they face obstacles related to user adoption and potential obsolescence. This review also delves
into how blockchain technology revolutionizes the industry by addressing issues like ticket fraud
and manipulation through transparent and immutable transaction records. However, it introduces
concerns about data privacy and visibility. In summary, technology is reshaping the event
management landscape, offering cost reduction and operational efficiency, while simultaneously
presenting ongoing challenges and opportunities for innovation.
Outcome of Titanium Elastic Nails in Pediatric Femoral Fractures
Authors: Md. Humayun Reza
Published: November 2024

Background: Femoral fractures are common fractures in paediatric age group. There are various methods to treat such cases. Titanium elastic nailing is one of them and an established and reliable method for treating these types of fractures. Ideal treatment of fractures in the age group of 5 to 14 years is still a matter of debate as no consensus has been achieved till now.
Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of using titanium elastic nails (TEN) in pediatric femoral fractures.
Methods: This observational prospective study was conducted in in the Orthopedic Department of Shaheed M. Monsur Ali Medical College, Sirajganj, Bangladesh during the period from January 2017 to December 2018. A group of 50 children with femoral fractures selected to treat with titanium elastic nailing were finalized as the study population. All the information along with the outcomes of the participants were collected assessed and disseminated by several tables and charts of MS Office program.
Result: In 20%, 14%, 4% and 2% cases we found superficial infection, mal-union, deep infection and nail breakage as complication respectively. As the final outcome of this study we found, the results were excellent in 34 patients (68%) successful in 12 (24%) and poor in 4(four) patients (8%) as per the scoring criteria for TEN by Flynn et al. Entry site irritation occurred in 3 patients limb lengthening (<1.5cm) was found in 3 cases both clinically and radiologically, which was clinically insignificant nail removal at 5th month, due to wound breakdown at entry sets in one case. Results were better for children in less than 10 years of age.
Conclusion: Titanium elastic nailing is the method of choice for the simple pediatrics femoral fractures, as it was minimally invasive and showed good functional and cosmetic results. Surgical technique of this procedure is simple and reproducible. It always allows short hospital stay and quick recovery from pain and it is cast-free.
Outcome Assessment of Perinatal Asphyxia in Neonates: Study in a district hospitalMd
Authors: HospitalMd. Tazul Islam  , Mohammad Kamruzzaman  , Mohammad Mostafizur Rahaman  , Md. Humayun Reza
Published: November 2024

Perinatal asphyxia (also known as neonatal asphyxia or Perinatal Asphyxia in children) is the medical condition resulting from deprivation of oxygen to a newborn infant that lasts long enough during the delivery process to cause physical harm, usually to the brain. Perinatal Asphyxia in children is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) "the failure to initiate and sustain breathing at birth". There were 102 live births asphyxia neonates whose were clinically diagnosed and admitted in several private clinics in Jamalpur, Bangladesh during January 2017 to December 2017 were selected as study subjects. The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of perinatal asphyxia in neonates. Clinical information was collected retrospectively from maternal records (maternal age, gravida, type of delivery, presence of meconium, induced or spontaneous labour, and pregnancy complications. The NICU records provided additional information about new born infant.The outcome of treatment in babies with Perinatal Asphyxia in children showing in (Table 3) Recovery rate in group one (HIE I) was 14(13.78%) , in group two (HIE II) was 75(73.52) and in group three (HIE III) was 05(4.9%) and Death ratio was in group one (HIE I)was 1(0.98%) , in group two (HIE II) was 2(1.96%) and in group three (HIE III) was 05(4.90%). The morbidity and mortality in cases of Perinatal Asphyxia in children the highest causes of death in stage 3(HIE III). Preterm with Hyaline membrane disease was 4(3.92%) and then the higher causes of death in stage II was Neonatal sepsis 3(2.94%). Perinatal Asphyxia in children was one of the commonest causes of admission and mortality in NICU and others beds. Babies with HIE Stage III had a very poor prognosis. Perinatal Asphyxia in children combined with other morbidities was associated with a higher mortality. Sepsis is the commonest morbidity in cases of Perinatal Asphyxia in children. Maternal gravida, pregnancy complication with PROM, meconium, APH, emergencycaesarean section, preterm and in addition male sex were the risk factors for Perinatal Asphyxia in neonates.
Impact of COVID-19 on Agro business in Bangladesh
Authors: A. S. M. Sarwar  , Khandaker Sabit Bin Razzak  , Anika Bushra  , Mohammad Nabil Hossain  , Farzana Nazmeen  , Jannatul Ferdous  , Ashfa Mahjuba  , Sabrina Rahman  , Md. Evangel Islam Anik  , Shamima Akte  , Tah-Ima-Tabassum
Published: November 2024

COVID-19 has become an alarming pandemic for our earth. It has created panic not only in China but also in developing countries like Bangladesh. The COVID-19 pandemic has significant implications, including financial, economic, and social effects. It has caused massive negative impacts, especially in the agricultural sector. In rural areas, the poor farmers, dairy farmers, vegetable producers, poultry farmers are in deep crisis due to lower prices and lockdown issues. In this paper, we have summarized the Impact of COVID-19 on the Agro business in Bangladesh. The effects of the pandemic cannot be mitigated individually, but an integrated effort on the part of the state authority and the part of people from all sectors need to come forward.
Bacteriological Profile and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections: A Cross-Sectional Study at Dhaka Shishu Hospital
Authors: Md. Tazul Islam
Published: November 2024

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a prevalent concern in pediatric healthcare, causing distress to children, raising parental concerns, and potentially leading to lasting kidney damage. The highest incidence of first-time symptomatic UTIs occurs in infants during the first year of life, with a subsequent marked decrease. Febrile infants under 2 months, presenting with unexplained fever, constitute a critical subset requiring particular attention. Knowledge of the bacteriological profile and antimicrobial resistance patterns in specific regions is crucial for guiding effective treatment strategies. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at 250 Bedded General Hospital, Jamalpur, Bangladesh from Feb 2016 to Aug 2016 to assess the bacteriological profile and antibiotic resistance patterns in pediatric UTIs. A total of 147 culture-positive UTI patients were included. Bacterial isolates were identified, and colony counts for samples with ≥105 CFU/mL bacteria were considered positive. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using twelve agents, and resistance patterns were analyzed. Results: Among the 147 culture-positive UTI patients, Escherichia coli (E-coli) was the predominant isolate (70%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (13.6%), Pseudomonas (5.44%), Enterobacter spp (3.40%), Staphylococcus Aureus (3.40%), Proteus (2.72%), and Enterococcus (1.36%). Antimicrobial resistance analysis revealed varying patterns, with Cefradine (79.59%), Co-trimoxazole (SXT) (69.39%), Nalidixic acid (NA) (66.67%), and Ceftazidime (CTM) (48.98%) showing higher resistance rates. No drug exhibited 100% resistance against urinary pathogens, indicating a dynamic resistance landscape. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of understanding local prevalence and resistance patterns in guiding empirical antibiotic selection for pediatric UTIs. The observed decrease in antimicrobial resistance underscores the need for continuous surveillance and tailored antibiotic strategies. Clinicians should base their treatment decisions on the specific epidemiological context rather than relying solely on universal or national guidelines.
Perinatal Outcome and Preventable Causes of Morbidity and Mortality in Eclampsia: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study in a Tertiary Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Sheuly Begum
Published: November 2024

Background: Eclampsia poses a substantial threat to perinatal health in developing countries, with Bangladesh experiencing a notable impact on infant well-being. This cross-sectional observational study, conducted at Enam Medical College Hospital, Savar, Dhaka, aimed to investigate perinatal outcomes in eclampsia patients and identify preventable causes of perinatal mortality and morbidity associated with this condition. The study period spanned from June 2015 to July 2017, with a focus on understanding the specific factors contributing to adverse perinatal events in this population.
Methods: A total of 155 eclampsia patients were enrolled in the study, resulting in the delivery of 161 babies, including six sets of twins. The study employed a comprehensive observational approach, assessing maternal and fetal conditions to analyze their correlation with perinatal outcomes. Data collection and analysis were conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the tertiary hospital, employing standard protocols and statistical methods to derive meaningful insights.
Results: The study revealed a perinatal death rate of 27.32%, with stillbirth accounting for 15.52% and early neonatal death for 11.80%. In contrast, 84.47% of babies were born healthy. Among live-born neonates, 27.94% experienced jaundice, while 30.88% had no complications. Prematurity emerged as a significant contributor to perinatal loss in eclampsia cases. The findings underscore the critical role of early referral of eclampsia patients, the implementation of timely resuscitative measures, and improved neonatal care as potential avenues to enhance perinatal outcomes.
Conclusion: In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of addressing stillbirth as a predominant component of perinatal death in eclampsia cases. Prematurity was identified as a key factor contributing to adverse perinatal outcomes. Early referral of eclampsia patients and the implementation of resuscitative measures, coupled with enhanced neonatal care, are crucial interventions that can potentially mitigate perinatal morbidity and mortality associated with eclampsia in the context of a tertiary hospital setting in Bangladesh. These findings provide valuable insights for healthcare practitioners and policymakers to guide strategies aimed at improving perinatal outcomes in similar healthcare settings.
Impact of Gestational and Pre-Gestational Diabetes on Maternal Complications and Fetal Outcomes: A Comparative Observational Study at Rangpur Medical College Hospital
Authors: Nahida Sultana
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Diabetes in pregnancy, including gestational and pre-gestational diabetes, presents significant risks to both maternal and fetal health. Understanding the impact of these conditions on pregnancy outcomes is crucial for developing effective management strategies.Methods: This observational comparative study involved 300 pregnant women at Rangpur Medical College Hospital, divided into three groups: pre-gestational diabetic (Group A), gestational diabetic (Group B), and non-diabetic control (Group C). Data on socio-demographic characteristics, obstetric profiles, mode of delivery, maternal complications, and fetal outcomes were collected and analyzed.Result: The study meticulously analyzed socio-demographic characteristics, revealing no significant differences across the groups. In obstetric profiles, Group A (Pre-Gestational Diabetic) had a notably lower mean gestational age at delivery (36.06 ± 2.71 weeks) compared to Group B (Gestational Diabetic) and Group C (Control), with mean ages of 37.34± 1.12 and 38.46±1.13 weeks, respectively. Maternal complications were significantly higher in Group A at 47%, compared to 25% in Group B and 12% in Group C. Fetal outcomes showed marked variations: Group A had 95% stable births, 5% stillbirths, and 60% of neonates with Apgar scores ≤7 at 5 minutes. In contrast, Group B had 96% stable births, 4% stillbirths, and 27% of neonates with Apgar scores ≤7, while Group C reported 100% stable births and 11% with Apgar scores ≤7. Birth weight distribution indicated 24% of neonates in Group A weighed <2 kg, compared to 5% in Group B and 4% in Group C. NICU admissions were highest in Group A (44%), followed by Group B (29%) and Group C (11%). Perinatal complications like birth asphyxia (38% in Group A, 16% in Group B, 6% in Group C), hypoglycemia (22% in Group A, 10% in Group B, 4% in Group C), and hyperbilirubinemia (16% in Group A, 12% in Group B, 0% in Group C) were also significantly higher in diabetic groups.Conclusion: The presence of gestational or pre-gestational diabetes in mothers significantly impacts fetal outcomes and increases the risk of maternal complications. This study highlights the need for specialized care and vigilant monitoring in pregnancies complicated by diabetes to improve health outcomes for mothers and babies.
Baseline Characteristics of Covid-19 Infected Spontaneous Abortion Cases
Authors: Dr. Sheuly Begum
Published: November 2024

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns about the potential impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on pregnancy outcomes. However, there is limited evidence regarding the association between COVID-19 and spontaneous abortion cases, particularly in Bangladesh.Methods: This retrospective observational study investigated the baseline characteristics of 48 cases of spontaneous abortion in pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection at Enam Medical College Hospital, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh between March and July 2020. Participants were included if they experienced fetal demise at 11 or more weeks of gestation, and potential confounding factors, such as fetal malformations or other obstetric disorders, were excluded. Data on demographic characteristics, gestational age, parity, gravidity, and COVID-19 severity were collected and analyzed.Results: The age distribution of participants ranged from 18 to 33 years, with 50% in the 26-30 year age group. A majority (58.33%) were obese, and 83.33% exhibited mild COVID-19 symptoms, while 16.67% were asymptomatic. Regarding gestational age at the time of spontaneous abortion, 50% were between 11-15 weeks, 41.67% were between 16-20 weeks, and 8.33% were between 21-25 weeks. All participants had at least one previous pregnancy, with 33.33% experiencing their second pregnancy, 41.67% their second pregnancy with a previous live birth, and 25% their third pregnancy with at least one previous live birth.Conclusions: This study provides insights into the baseline characteristics and maternal outcomes of COVID-19 infected spontaneous abortion cases in Bangladesh. The findings suggest that severe COVID-19 illness may not be a prerequisite for adverse pregnancy outcomes and highlight the need for further investigations into the potential mechanisms of intrauterine SARS-CoV-2 transmission and the role of placental factors. Larger-scale studies are warranted to better understand the impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy outcomes and develop appropriate management strategies.
Hospital Stay Duration and Postoperative Complications among Patients Undergoing Volar Buttress Plate for Fixation in Volar Barton’s Fracture of the Distal Radius
Authors: Dr. Md. Khalilur Rahman
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Volar Barton’s fractures of the distal radius are complex injuries requiring precise surgical intervention to ensure optimal functional outcomes and minimize complications. This study investigates the hospital stay duration and postoperative complications among patients undergoing volar buttress plate fixation for these fractures.Objective: To evaluate the functional outcomes, hospital stay duration, and postoperative complications in patients treated with volar buttress plate fixation for Volar Barton’s fractures of the distal radius.Methods: This prospective interventional study was conducted at Tairunnessa Memorial Medical College & Hospital,Gazipur, Dhaka, Bangladesh over two years from March 2014 to September 2016. Thirty patients with closed Volar Barton’s fractures of the distal radius were included based on specific inclusion criteria. Data were collected using a pre-designed questionnaire and analyzed using the Sarmiento and Latta (1980) scoring system for functional outcomes.Results: The majority of participants were young adults aged 18-39 years (73%), with a male predominance (77%). Most fractures (63%) occurred on the left side. Eighty percent of patients received treatment within one week of injury. Hospital stays ranged from 1 to 8 days, with 53% of patients staying for 3-4 days. Postoperative complications were minimal, with 83% of patients experiencing no complications. Superficial wound infection was observed in 7% of patients, while other complications such as wrist stiffness, carpal tunnel syndrome, and late collapse each occurred in 3% of patients. At final follow-up, 80% of patients had satisfactory functional outcomes, with 73.3% achieving good results and 6.7% excellent.Conclusion: The volar buttress plate fixation technique for Volar Barton’s fractures of the distal radius demonstrates high efficacy in achieving satisfactory functional outcomes with minimal complications and manageable hospital stay durations. These findings support its continued use as a preferred surgical intervention for this type of fracture.
Juvenile Diabetes: Awareness and Risk Factors among Adolescents of Bangladesh
Authors: Dr. Md. Tazul Islam
Published: November 2024

Background: Juvenile diabetes is a growing public health concern in Bangladesh, with the country's ethnic population being particularly vulnerable to developing the condition. However, little is known about the risk factors and awareness levels associated with juvenile diabetes among adolescents in this region.Objective: This study aimed to identify the proportion and associated risk factors of type 1 diabetes at 250Bed General Hospital, Jamalpur, while also assessing their awareness regarding diabetes mellitus.Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 280 adolescents aged 6-19 years in Dhaka city between October 2019 and March 2020. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.Results: The findings revealed a high prevalence of overweight individuals (88.57%) and a predominance of sedentary lifestyles (46.43%) among the participants. Lifestyle risk factors (50.36%) and nutritional risk factors (35.71%) were identified as the most prevalent contributors to juvenile diabetes, followed by a family history of diabetes (15.36%). Alarmingly, 28.21% of the participants were unaware of diabetes mellitus.Conclusion: The study highlights the alarming prevalence of modifiable risk factors, such as unhealthy lifestyles and obesity, as well as the lack of awareness regarding diabetes mellitus among adolescents in Dhaka, Bangladesh. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions, including educational campaigns, promotion of healthy lifestyles, and early screening programs, to mitigate the growing burden of juvenile diabetes in this vulnerable population.
Observation of Clinical Profile of Different Types of Meningitis in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Dr. Md. Atiqul Islam
Published: November 2024

Background: Meningitis, an inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, presents significant diagnostic challenges due to its varied etiologies and overlapping clinical symptoms. This study aims to observe and document the clinical and laboratory characteristics of viral, bacterial, and tubercular meningitis in a tertiary care hospital setting.Methods: This descriptive observational study was conducted at the Department of Neuromedicine, Cumilla Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh, from January 2020 to December 2020. We enrolled 159 patients diagnosed with meningitis based on clinical, biochemical, and investigative criteria. Detailed demographic data, clinical examination findings, and relevant investigations, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) studies, were recorded. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 20 and MS-Excel 2016.Results: Among the 159 participants, 36.7% were diagnosed with bacterial meningitis, 32.5% with viral meningitis, and 24.9% with tubercular meningitis. Fever was a universal symptom, while headache was reported by 87.3% of viral, 87.1% of bacterial, and 95.2% of tubercular meningitis patients. Vomiting was more prevalent in tubercular (57.1%) and bacterial (50%) meningitis. Laboratory findings showed the highest mean white blood cell count in bacterial meningitis (11803.18±2905.55 cells/cmm). C-reactive protein levels were also highest in bacterial meningitis (21.23±16.20 mg/dl). Elevated adenosine deaminase levels were a distinguishing feature of tubercular meningitis (14.18±10.60 Unit/L).Conclusion: This study highlights the distinct clinical and laboratory profiles associated with different types of meningitis. The findings emphasize the importance of comprehensive evaluations for accurate diagnosis and effective management of meningitis. Further research should aim to refine diagnostic criteria and explore advanced diagnostic tools to improve patient outcomes.
Clinical Outcome Evaluation of The Effectiveness of Calcium Hydroxide as A Root Canal Sealer Constituent
Authors: Md. Mukhlachur Rahman
Published: November 2024

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of using calcium hydroxide-containing sealer (Sealapex) compared to zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) sealer in single-visit root canal treatments.Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at different private clinics, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from January 2018 to December 2018. A total of 60 permanent teeth with periradicular pathosis were selected and randomly assigned into two groups. Group 1 (ZOE group) comprised 30 teeth treated with a ZOE sealer, while Group 2 (Sealapex group) included 30 teeth treated with a calcium hydroxide-containing sealer. Clinical evaluations were performed at 3 months and 12 months post-treatment, with patient complaints recorded and analyzed using SPSS version 22 and Microsoft Excel.Results: Group 2 had a higher proportion of younger participants (40.00% aged 11-20) compared to Group 1 (26.67%). Group 1 had more males (66.67%) compared to Group 2 (56.67%). Trauma was the leading etiological factor in both groups. Maxillary teeth were more frequently affected, with 56.67% in Group 1 and 63.33% in Group 2. Pre-operative pain was higher in Group 2 (90.00%) compared to Group 1 (76.67%). At the 3-month follow-up, percussion pain was more prevalent in Group 1 (76.67%) than in Group 2 (46.67%, p = 0.016). By the 12-month follow-up, percussion pain persisted in 13.33% of Group 1 but was absent in Group 2. Group 2 achieved a 100.00% success rate, significantly higher than Group 1’s 86.67% (p = 0.038).Conclusion: The use of calcium hydroxide-containing sealer (Sealapex) in single-visit root canal treatments resulted in superior clinical outcomes compared to zinc oxide eugenol sealer. These findings suggest that calcium hydroxide-containing sealers offer better pain management and higher long-term success rates, making them a more effective alternative for endodontic treatments. Further research is recommended to confirm these results in broader clinical settings.