bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trends in sentiment of Twitter users towards Indonesian tourism: analysis with the k-nearest neighbor method
Authors: Harahap Eka Purnama , Purnomo Hindriyanto Dwi , Iriani Ade , Sembiring Irwan , Nurtino Tio
Published: May 2024

This research analyzes the sentiment of Twitter users regarding tourism in Indonesia using the keyword "wonderful Indonesia" as the tourism promotion identity. This study aims to gain a deeper understanding of the public sentiment towards "wonderful Indonesia" through social media data analysis. The novelty obtained provides new insights into valuable information about Indonesian tourism for the government and relevant stakeholders in promoting Indonesian tourism and enhancing tourist experiences. The method used is tweet analysis and classification using the K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm to determine the positive, neutral, or negative sentiment of the tweets. The classification results show that the majority of tweets (65.1% out of a total of 14,189 tweets) have a neutral sentiment, indicating that most tweets with the "wonderful Indonesia" tagline are related to advertising or promoting Indonesian tourism. However, the percentage of tweets with positive sentiment (33.8%) is higher than those with negative sentiment (1.1%). This study also achieved training results with an accuracy rate of 98.5%, precision of 97.6%, recall of 98.5%, and F1-score of 98.1%. However, reassessment is needed in the future as Twitter users' sentiments can change along with the development of Indonesian tourism itself.
Improving the quality of handwritten image segmentation using k-means clustering algorithms with spatial filters
Authors: Munsarif Muhammad , Saman Muhammad
Published: May 2024

One of the ways to predict human characters is by using handwritten patterns. Graphologists have analyzed handwriting to determine a writer's personality by considering several parameters: writing slopes, spacing, inclination, and writing size. The results of the analysis have been widely used as a reference for psychologists to assess an individual's personality. Moreover, researchers have applied techniques to identify human characters using image processing techniques. However, different styles of handwriting require more research to develop. The process of separating objects from backgrounds needs a segmentation process. This research improves the quality of handwritten image segmentation using k-means clustering algorithms with the spatial filter. This spatial filter consisted of the median and mean filters. This research created various k values to gain the best segmentation results. The results showed that the median filter with a kernel size of 3×3 and the k value = 2 was the best segmentation result because the value of silhouette coefficient was the highest compared to the value of filter type and other k values which reach 99.22%.
Hybrid model for detection of brain tumor using convolution neural networks
Authors: K. Bhagyalaxmi , Dwarakanath B.
Published: May 2024

The development of aberrant brain cells, some of which may turn cancerous, is known as a brain tumor. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans are the most common technique for finding brain tumors. Information about the aberrant tissue growth in the brain is discernible from the MRI scans. In numerous research papers, machine learning, and deep learning algorithms are used to detect brain tumors. It takes extremely little time to forecast a brain tumor when these algorithms are applied to MRI pictures, and better accuracy makes it easier to treat patients. The radiologist can make speedy decisions because of this forecast. The proposed work creates a hybrid convolution neural networks (CNN) model using CNN for feature extraction and logistic regression (LR). The pre-trained model visual geometry group 16 (VGG16) is used for the extraction of features. To reduce the complexity and parameters to train we eliminated the last eight layers of VGG16. From this transformed model the features are extracted in the form of a vector array. These features fed into different machine learning classifiers like support vector machine (SVM), naïve bayes (NB), LR, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), AdaBoost, and random forest for training and testing. The performance of different classifiers is compared. The CNN-LR hybrid combination outperformed the remaining classifiers. The evaluation measures such as recall, precision, F1-score, and accuracy of the proposed CNN-LR model are 94%, 94%, 94%, and 91% respectively.
Procesos transicionales en niños y niñas indígenas de primera infancia, del Distrito Capital a su ingreso a la escuela pública
Authors: Guevara González Gloria Diva , Lemus Sánchez Blanca Yolanda , Sánchez Araque Carolina
Published: May 2024

En esta investigación de carácter cualitativo y con enfoque hermenéutico se analizan los procesos transicionales en niños indígenas de primera infancia del Distrito Capital, a su ingreso a la escuela pública, desde la perspectiva de diferentes actores relacionados con el tema. Para ello, se realizan tres entrevistas no estructuradas y cinco semiestructuradas. Desde la educación, se abordan la educación propia, la educación endógena y la etnoeducación. En transiciones se revisan diversas perspectivas que asumen este proceso como uno que favorece el desarrollo humano. A partir del análisis de las entrevistas se evidencia que para realizar adecuados procesos de transiciónen niños indígenas de primera infancia, se requiere de la participación dediversas instancias, tanto dentro como fuera de la escuela. Solo la articulación y participación activa de cada uno favorece la transición en la primera infancia, en el contexto escolar.
S100a8/9 (S100 Calcium Binding Protein a8/9) Promotes Cardiac Hypertrophy Via Upregulation of FGF23 (Fibroblast Growth Factor 23) in Mice
Authors: Yuan Yu‐Pei , Shen Zhuo‐Yu , Teng Teng , Xu Si‐Chi , Kong Chun‐Yan , Zeng Xiao‐Feng , A. Hofmann Bowman Marion , Yan Ling
Published: May 2024

Background

S100a8/9 (S100 calcium binding protein a8/9) belongs to the S100 family and has gained a lot of interest as a critical regulator of inflammatory response. Our previous study found that S100a8/9 homolog promoted aortic valve sclerosis in mice with chronic kidney disease. However, the role of S100a8/9 in pressure overload‐induced cardiac hypertrophy remains unclear. The present study was to explore the role of S100a8/9 in cardiac hypertrophy.

Methods and Results

Cardiomyocyte‐specific S100a9 loss or gain of function was achieved using an adeno‐associated virus system, and the model of cardiac hypertrophy was established by aortic banding‐induced pressure overload. The results indicate that S100a8/9 expression was increased in response to pressure overload. S100a9 deficiency alleviated pressure overload‐induced hypertrophic response, whereas S100a9 overexpression accelerated cardiac hypertrophy. S100a9‐overexpressed mice showed increased FGF23 (fibroblast growth factor 23) expression in the hearts after exposure to pressure overload, which activated calcineurin/NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) signaling in cardiac myocytes and thus promoted hypertrophic response. A specific antibody that blocks FGFR4 (FGF receptor 4) largely abolished the prohypertrophic response of S100a9 in mice.

Conclusions

In conclusion, S100a8/9 promoted the development of cardiac hypertrophy in mice. Targeting S100a8/9 may be a promising therapeutic approach to treat cardiac hypertrophy.
Prognostic Value of Objective Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Patients With Heart Failure: Subanalysis of FRAGILE‐HF and Kitasato Cohort
Authors: Saito Hiroshi , Maeda Daichi , Kagiyama Nobuyuki , Sunayama Tsutomu , Dotare Taishi , Fujimoto Yudai , Jujo Kentaro , Saito Kazuya , Uchida Shota , Hamazaki Nobuaki , Kamiya Kentaro , Ogasahara Yuki , Maekawa Emi , Konishi Masaaki , Kitai Takeshi , Iwata Kentaro , Wada Hiroshi , Kasai Takatoshi , Nagamatsu Hirofumi , Ako Junya , Momomura Shin‐ichi , Matsue Yuya
Published: May 2024

Background

Social factors encompass a broad spectrum of nonmedical factors, including objective (social isolation [SI]) and perceived (loneliness) conditions. Although social factors have attracted considerable research attention, information regarding their impact on patients with heart failure is scarce. We aimed to investigate the prognostic impact of objective SI and loneliness in older patients with heart failure.

Methods and Results

This study was conducted using the FRAGILE‐HF (Prevalence and Prognostic Value of Physical and Social Frailty in Geriatric Patients Hospitalized for Heart Failure; derivation cohort) and Kitasato cohorts (validation cohort), which included hospitalized patients with heart failure aged ≥65 years. Objective SI and loneliness were defined using the Japanese version of Lubben Social Network Scale‐6 and diagnosed when the total score for objective and perceived questions on the Lubben Social Network Scale‐6 was below the median in the FRAGILE‐HF. The primary outcome was 1‐year death. Overall, 1232 and 405 patients in the FRAGILE‐HF and Kitasato cohorts, respectively, were analyzed. Objective SI and loneliness were observed in 57.8% and 51.4% of patients in the FRAGILE‐HF and 55.4% and 46.2% of those in the Kitasato cohort, respectively. During the 1‐year follow‐up, 149 and 31 patients died in the FRAGILE‐HF and Kitasato cohorts, respectively. Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed that objective SI, but not loneliness, was significantly associated with 1‐year death after adjustment for conventional risk factors in the FRAGILE‐HF. These findings were consistent with the validation cohort.

Conclusions

Objective SI assessed using the Lubben Social Network Scale‐6 may be a prognostic indicator in older patients with heart failure. Given the lack of established SI assessment methods in this population, further research is required to refine such methods.
Five‐Year Cumulative Cardiovascular Health and Clinical Events in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: The CRIC Study
Authors: Cao Qiuyu , Bi Yufang , Alvarado Flor , Anderson Amanda H. , Mills Katherine T. , Jaeger Byron C. , Chen Jing , He Jiang , Bundy Joshua D. , Appel Lawrence J. , Cohen Debbie , Dember Laura M. , Go Alan S. , Lash James P. , Nelson Robert G. , Rahman Mahboob , Rao Panduranga S. , Shah Vallabh O. , Unruh Mark L.
Published: May 2024

Background

Higher cardiovascular health (CVH) score is associated with lower risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in the general population. However, it is unclear whether cumulative CVH is associated with CVD, end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD), and death in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Methods and Results

Among individuals from the prospective CRIC (Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort) Study, we used the percentage of the maximum possible CVH score attained from baseline to the year 5 visit to calculate cumulative CVH score. Multivariable‐adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression was used to investigate the associations of cumulative CVH with risks of adjudicated CVD (myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure), ESKD, and all‐cause mortality. A total of 3939 participants (mean age, 57.7 years; 54.9% men) were included. The mean (SD) cumulative CVH score attained during 5 years was 55.5% (12.3%). Over a subsequent median 10.2‐year follow‐up, 597 participants developed CVD, 656 had ESKD, and 1324 died. A higher cumulative CVH score was significantly associated with lower risks of CVD, ESKD, and mortality, independent of the CVH score at year 5. Multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios and 95% CIs per 10% higher cumulative CVH score during 5 years were 0.81 (0.69–0.95) for CVD, 0.82 (0.70–0.97) for ESKD, and 0.80 (0.72–0.89) for mortality.

Conclusions

Among patients with chronic kidney disease stages 2 to 4, a better CVH status maintained throughout 5 years is associated with lower risks of CVD, ESKD, and all‐cause mortality. The findings support the need for interventions to maintain ideal CVH status for prevention of adverse outcomes in the population with chronic kidney disease.
Risk of Heart Disease in Patients With Amputation: A Nationwide Cohort Study in South Korea
Authors: Choi Hea Lim , Yoo Jung Eun , Kim Miso , Kim Bongsung , Park Junhee , Chang Won Hyuk , Lee Heesun , Han Kyungdo , Shin Dong Wook
Published: May 2024

Background

Amputation confers disabilities upon patients and is linked to substantial morbidity and death attributed to heart disease. While some studies have focused on traumatic amputees in veterans, few studies have focused on traumatic amputees within the general population. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the risk of heart disease in patients with traumatic amputation with disability within the general population using a large‐scale nationwide population‐based cohort.

Methods and Results

We used data from the Korean National Health Insurance System. A total of 22 950 participants with amputation were selected with 1:3 age, sex‐matched controls between 2010 and 2018. We used Cox proportional hazard models to calculate the risk of myocardial infarction, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation among amputees. Participants with amputation had a higher risk of myocardial infarction (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.30 [95% CI, 1.14–1.47]), heart failure (aHR, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.17–1.38]), and atrial fibrillation (aHR, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.03–1.33]). The risks of myocardial infarction and heart failure were further increased by the presence of disability (aHR, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.04–1.95]; and aHR, 1.38 [95% CI, 1.13–1.67], respectively).

Conclusions

We demonstrate an increased risk of myocardial infarction, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation among individuals with amputation, and the risk further increased in those with disabilities. Clinicians should pay attention to the increased risk for heart disease in patients with amputation.
Antithrombotic Treatment and Clinical Outcomes After Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Cohort Study from the Swedish Stroke Register
Authors: Tallroth Mattias , Udumyan Ruzan , Büki András , von Euler Mia
Published: May 2024

Background

A rapid shift has occurred from vitamin K antagonists toward direct oral anticoagulants, which have a lower risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, effects on clinical outcomes after ICH are understudied. We aimed to describe the prevalence of antithrombotic drugs and to study the prognosis among prestroke functionally independent Swedish patients with ICH.

Methods and Results

We identified all patients diagnosed with nontraumatic ICH in 2017 to 2021 from the Swedish Stroke Register (n=13 155) and assessed death and functional outcome at 3 months after ICH in prestroke functionally independent patients (n=10 014). Functional outcome was estimated among 3‐month survivors on the basis of self‐reported activities of daily living scores. Risks of outcomes were estimated using Poisson regression. In 13 155 patients, 14.5% used direct oral anticoagulant, 10.1% vitamin K antagonists, and 21.6% antiplatelets at ICH onset. Among 10 014 pre‐stroke activities of daily living–independent patients, oral anticoagulants and antiplatelets were associated with increased mortality risk (adjusted risk ratio, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.13–1.43];
P
<0.001; and adjusted risk ratio, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.13–1.34];
P
<0.001 respectively). Mortality risk did not statistically differ between antiplatelets and oral anticoagulants nor between direct oral anticoagulant and vitamin K antagonists. Among 5126 patients with nonmissing functional outcome (69.1% of survivors), antiplatelets (adjusted risk ratio, 1.06 [95% CI, 0.99–1.13];
P
=0.100) and oral anticoagulants (adjusted risk ratio, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.92–1.12];
P
=0.768) were not statistically significantly associated with functional dependence.

Conclusions

There was no statistically significant difference in mortality risk between direct oral anticoagulant and vitamin K antagonists in prestroke functionally independent patients (unadjusted for oral anticoagulant class indication). Furthermore, mortality risk in antiplatelet and oral anticoagulant users might differ less than previously suggested.
Approaches to Professional Self-Determination in Social Psychology
Authors: Cheremenskaia Maria A.
Published: May 2024

Relevance. Young people have always been concerned about their choice of profession. Currently, in the context of the sharp increase and expansion of opportunities in the sphere of professional choice, this problem has become even more relevant. This article considers the concept of professional self-determination (PS) through social-psychological knowledge. The problem of free choice is discussed in the approaches of sociology (M. Veber), philosophy (M. Heidegger, N.A. Berdyaev) and psychology (S.L. Rubinstein, I.S. Kon, N.S. Pryazhnikov, A.A. Anistratenko). Objective. The aim of our work is to conduct an overview and analytical research of the PS construct as well as to structure the existing approaches to the study of the target construct. Methods. Theoretical analysis in the form of systematization and generalization of the ideas of sociologists and psychologists discussing the problems of awareness and freedom of choice in self-determination was carried out. Results. Self-determination is divided into 2 components: personal and social. The PS is outlined as a subspecies of social self-determination. 4 approaches to understanding PS as well as representatives of these approaches in social psychology are distinguished: 1. professional self-determination as a conscious choice of life path (N.S. Pryazhnikov, I.A.Koch, V.A. Orlov); 2. professional self-determination as a free choice for which a person is responsible (I.S. Kohn); 3 professional self-determination as a consequence of life orientation (T.G. Anistratenko, R.M. Shamionov); 4. professional self-determination as a psychological new formation (A.D. Andreeva, A.G. Lisichkina). Conclusion. Professional self-determination is a type of social self-determination. This construct can be fully considered socio-psychological. The highlighted 4 approaches to understanding PS are promising for socio-psychological research.
Development and Approbation of a Questionnaire for Subjective Assessment of the Level of Work Tasks Regulation
Authors: Korneva Oksana G. , Abdullaeva Mehirban M. , Barabanshchikova Valentina V.
Published: May 2024

Background. In the modern world, there are organizations in which a high level of task regulation is associated with the cost of erroneous actions and safety requirements. If the perceptions of work regulation, formed in a professional, do not coincide with the real requirements of the activity, it can lead to a decrease in the quality of work, as well as to the development of negative states. This necessitates the creation of a psychodiagnostic methodology to assess the subjective perception of the level of regulation in their professional activities by professionals. Objectives. The focus is on the development and approbation of the method for subjective assessment of the level of work tasks regulation. Study Participants. To reach the goal of the study, the sample included representatives of professions with different levels of work tasks regulation: military personnel serving under contract (n = 96), medical staff (n = 57), artists and musicians (n = 67). In total 220 people participated in the study. Methods. Based on the results of the analysis of existing studies in the field of regulation of professional activity, a technique for subjective assessment of the level of work tasks regulation was developed. The questionnaire included 18 items assessing the following scales: “Regulation” (9 items) and “Creativity” (9 items). Questionnaires with scales evaluating individual parameters of professional activity related to its regulation (the 16-scale semantic differential “My job” and the questionnaire for assessing subjectively important characteristics of the “Job Diagnostic Survey” activity) were selected as an external criterion for assessing the validity of the technique. The approbation allowed us to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the developed questionnaire. Results. The developed questionnaire for subjective assessment of the level of work tasks regulation is characterized by acceptable construct validity but insufficient reliability and consistency. Conclusions. The developed version of the questionnaire needs further improvement. However, it can already be considered as a situational questionnaire, the use of which is acceptable in combination with other methods.
Development of a meta-resource for the life success in police officers using professional and personal growth training
Authors: Semenova Natalya A.
Published: May 2024

Background. The importance of studying personal meta-resources in modern conditions of an unstable world is highlighted. Meta-resources streamline the system of personal resources and help a person solve life problems using their own strengths. It is noted that developing the resource approach in the psychology of work and service activity enables to increase the success of professional activity through the formation of certain resources. The concept of a meta-resource of life success is described as an important predictor for the professional activity of employees of internal affairs bodies. The development of training for life and professional success of employees of internal affairs bodies is proposed. Its justification as an effective technology for the development of this meta-resource is given. Objective. The aim is to study the dynamics of components in the meta-resource of life success with targeted influence on them in the process of training work. Sample. The study involved 115 people, including 44 cadets, 44 students, 12 adjuncts, and 15 novice teachers at the educational organization of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, who were divided into four experimental and two control groups. The experimental groups were formed taking into account the specifics of the professionalization process in the experimental groups. Methods. A quasi-experimental research design was implemented. The impact occurred in the process through training technology during the implementation of “Training for the life and professional success of employees of internal affairs bodies.” Before and after the training, diagnostic sessions were taken. Results. The effectiveness of the training has been theoretically and empirically proven. In all experimental groups, positive dynamics of certain components of life success were revealed. Positive changes in the reflexive mechanisms of success occurred in all experimental groups, with the exception of the group of adjuncts. Positive dynamics of practical, moral, and existential emotional experiences was noted. In samples of students and teachers, an increase in the life disposition indicator was recorded, which is one of the important predictors of professional success. Conclusion. The results obtained made it possible to draw a generalized picture of the possibilities for purposeful formation of a meta-resource for the life success of employees at internal affairs bodies through training. The effectiveness of life and professional success training has been theoretically and empirically proven, which makes it advisable to include it in psychological support programmes for internal affairs officers.
Change in Subjects' Emotional States as Observed through Facial Expressions during a Seven-Day Dry Immersion Experiment
Authors: Gusev Alexey N. , Baev Mikhail S. , Lebedeva Svetlana A. , Savinkina Alexandra O.
Published: May 2024

Background. The problem of precise and reliable evaluation of the emotional state of operators in spaceflight conditions still remains unresolved, and therefore relevant. This evaluation is especially important for predicting operators` professional activity effectiveness considering the current emotional state which significantly determines the accuracy and rapidity of professional tasks performance. Objectives. Our study is carried out to empirically test the new method and technology for evaluating changes in the emotional state of the 7-day experiment participants measuring facial expression changes in their DPC-video interview recordings. Study Participants. The study involved 10 men aged 25 to 35 years. Volunteers were selected by the Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences as participants in the research. Methods. DPC video interviews were conducted daily in the morning and in the evening. Facial expression changes evaluation was conducted with the EmoRadar software which detects FACS action units (AUs), seven basic emotions and other patterns of facial activity. Results. The description of facial expression changes in the experiment are given based on the data from two participants. These changes were compared with the emotional experience of the participants and experimental conditions. The necessity of differentiated evaluation of the positive emotion of happiness is shown since its assessments may include not only happiness as a basic emotion, but also two expressions of smiles (social smile or coy smile) similar to it. The effectiveness of the software used and the author's approach to computer analysis of facial activity is clearly shown. Conclusions. With the help of the developed technology based on the implementation of a comprehensive approach to measurement and interpretation of facial expressions, it is possible to provide objective information about characteristic changes in facial expressions as reliable behavioral indicators of a person's emotional state. The data are independent of respondents' self-assessments or expert’s experience. This opens up new methodological possibilities for aerospace psychology to solve the problem of automatic monitoring of the emotional state of operators.
Psychological Predictors of Professional Activity in University Teachers
Authors: Berdnikova D.V.
Published: May 2024

Background. Currently, in connection with the reform in the system of higher education, studying characteristics of the university teacher that are the basis of ability to be a subject of work is a relevant task. Professional activity is one of these characteristics, which is a predictor of professional and personal development. Based on this, the need to study the structure, factors and dynamics of professional activity of university teachers is obvious. The study of this psychological phenomenon will give us the opportunity to create an effective system of methods for the development of professional activity. Objective. The goal is to study and describe objective and psychological predictors of professional activity in university teachers, compiling a professional activity equation. Studi Participants. 445 teachers from different universities in Russia, 150 men and 295 women aged 24 to 83 years were involved in the study. Methods. We used the following methods: research questionnaire of professional activity and a form on professional activity, a questionnaire of formal-dynamic properties of temperament by V.M. Rusalov and a questionnaire “Differential type of reflection” by D.A. Leontyev. Results. It has been shown that the predictors of professional activity include gender (β = 0,10; F = 28,25; p = 0,00; R2 = 0,34 for research questionnaire of professional activity; β = 0,16; F = 9,06; p = 0,00; R2 = 0,14 for a question form on professional activity), experience of pedagogical activity (β = 0,21; F = 9,06; p = 0,00; R2 = 0,14 for a question form on professional activity), formal-dynamic properties of individuality: total level of activity (β = 0,20; F = 28,25; p = 0,00; R2 = 0,34 for research questionnaire of professional activity; β = 0,18; F = 9,06; p = 0,00; R2 = 0,14 for a question form on professional activity) and reflection: systemic reflection (β = 0,31; F = 28,25; p = 0,00; R2 = 0,34 for research questionnaire of professional activity; β = 0,15; F = 9,06; p = 0,00; R2 = 0,14 for a question form of professional activity) and introspection (β = –0,34; F = 28,25; p = 0,00; R2 = 0,34 for research questionnaire of professional activity; β = –0,15; F = 9,06; p = 0,00; R2 = 0,14 for a question form of professional activity). Conclusions. The development of professional activity is determined by natural qualities, namely the general level of activity on the one hand. While, on the other hand, qualities that indicate the maturity of the personality as systemic reflection also determine professional activity. The data can be used in the development of professional activity training. Of course, the objective parameters and properties of temperament cannot be corrected. However, we can take them into account in our work, providing an individual approach, and focusing on the development of systemic professional reflection.
The Early Work of Paul Fraisse: Immediate Memory, Rhythmical Grouping, and the ‘Psychological Present’
Authors: Wearden John H.
Published: May 2024

This article discusses two of the earliest works of Paul Fraisse, from 1937 and 1944, on the subject of ‘immediate memory’. Adults or children reproduced the number of sounds presented, with the number and the spacing between them varying. Performance deteriorated markedly in both types of participants as number and spacing increased, although children performed more poorly. Another experiment used temporal grouping and found that this increased the number of items reproduced correctly overall, although performance declined as the number and length of groups increased, for both children and adults. A persistent finding was that for most spacings between five and seven items could be correctly reproduced. This research informed Fraisse’s conception of the ‘psychological present’, which he regarded as a quantity which was flexible (within limits), depending on the material it contained and the way that this material was organised, rather than having fixed duration or content. The research also anticipated later ideas about the limits of information processing, as well as more recent work on the effect of temporal grouping on memory.
Vibration Characteristics of Liquid-Filled Pipes Under Different Levels of Submergence
Authors: Wang Cheng , Yan Jin , Dapeng Zhang , Li Jiangfeng , Luo Yangyang
Published: May 2024

Based on the acousto-solid coupling theory, the vibroacoustic radiation characteristics of the liquid-filled pipeline are studied under different submergence depths, and the changes of sound pressure level of pipeline are analyzed under different submergence depths of the flow transfer
pipeline. The vibration characteristics of liquid-filled pipes with different submergence degrees were numerically analyzed from the pressure-acoustic domain and the solid mechanics domain, and the two-way coupled data exchange was realized by using acoustic-structural boundary multi-physical
field function. The sound pressure level variation curves of the liquid-filled pipes were calculated for different submergence depths under the simultaneous action of internal and external flow fields, respectively. The results show that when the pipe is submerged in the lower and middle positions
of the center of the circle, the sound pressure fluctuations of the pipe radiating outward are more consistent, and when submerged in the upper half, the sound pressure concentration phenomenon occurs in the lower and middle regions outside the pipe. When the free boundary outside the pipe
is subjected to the boundary load, the pipe submerged in the lower position of the center of the circle is most obviously affected by the load. The tube submerged in the upper and lower positions of the center of the tube will produce two-way, increasing the form of sound pressure propagation
in the tube towards the upper and lower sides, these findings can provide a certain reference for the study of pipe vibroacoustics. Therefore, research on the acoustic radiation properties of liquid-filled pipelines under various submergence depths is of great theoretical significance and
engineering application value. This information can be applied widely in the fields of anti-fatigue design, fatigue damage analysis, and safety assessment of oil and gas pipeline structures, providing strong scientific support to ensure their safe and reliable service.
Microstructure and Properties of Deformed AlSi7Mg Alloy
Authors: Liu Yongyue , Ren Xueping , Jiang Peng
Published: May 2024

Herein, the effects of hot deformation on the mechanical properties and microstructure of AlSi7Mg alloys were investigated. The microstructure of the alloys with deformation were observed. It can be found that the Si grains of the deformed alloy undergo segregation; however, a suitable
heat treatment can be employed to effectively eliminate the segregation. The alloy deformation was 40% at 300 °C, and the mechanical properties of the alloy increased significantly after the heat treatment; the AlFeSi phase was found at the inside of the Si grain and the boundary between
eutectic Si and α-Al grains. The AlFeSi phase was found at the inner grain and grain boundaries, and the main strengthening mechanisms of the alloy were precipitation strengthening and deformation strengthening.
The Violent Legacy of Fascism: Evidence From Italy
Authors: Costalli Stefano , Guariso Daniele , Justino Patricia , Ruggeri Andrea
Published: May 2024

Can legacies of fascism threaten democracies with political violence? Democracies aim to peacefully manage incompatible interests in a society. Yet, few democracies avoid violence altogether. Legacies of fascism may re-emerge because local networks can transfer their ideational tenets - supremacist identities and anti-democratism ( know what), violent practices ( know how), and paramilitary networks ( know whom) - to the new generations. Thanks to an original subnational dataset, we study if the Italian fascist movement that emerged in the 1920s affected political violence in the 1970s–1980s. The local strength of the fascist party before the institutionalization of the fascist regime predicts neofascist political violence more than forty years later. New catalysing events facilitate the resurfacing of local fascist legacies: when a Minister of Interior is appointed, we observe higher levels of neofascist violence in provinces where the early presence of the fascist party was stronger.
Effect of duplex surface treatment on the impact properties of maraging steel produced by laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Tekin T , Maines L , Naclerio F , Ipek R , Molinari A
Published: May 2024

The impact properties of an L-PBF 18Ni-300 maraging steel were investigated after different heat and duplex (nitriding and PVD coating) surface treatments. Impact energy is almost isotropic. Contrary to expectations, impact energy is not decreased by surface treatments, since the effect of surface embrittlement of nitriding is compensated by the increase in the austenite content. An important role is played by the geometry of the notch where the surface hardening is lower than in the flat surface of the Charpy specimens.
Otolithic functions in patients with residual dizziness after successful repositioning manoeuvres for unilateral posterior canal BPPV
Authors: Ismail Naema M , Kabil Shaimaa E , Abdel-Hamid Eman Fathy
Published: May 2024

Objective

To evaluate otolithic functions in patients with residual dizziness after successful canalith repositioning procedures (CRPs) for unilateral posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), and to investigate possible risk factors.

Methods

This case–control observational study included healthy controls and patients with residual dizziness after improvement following CRP for BPPV. All participants were subjected to full history taking, otoscopy, audiological basic evaluation, Dix-Hallpike test to search for posterior canal BPPV, residual dizziness screening, and vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) testing. Between-group differences were assessed and possible factors associated with residual dizziness were identified by univariate analysis.

Results

A total of 50 patients with residual dizziness (mean age, 56.53 ± 7.46 years [29 female: 21 male]) and 50 healthy controls (mean age, 58.13 ± 7.57 years [20 female: 30 male]) were included. A significant difference in VEMP latencies was found between the patient and control group (delayed in the patient group), with no significant between-group difference in amplitude in both ears. Aging, female sex, long duration of BPPV, number of CRPs, cervical VEMP and ocular VEMP abnormalities, and winter onset, were significantly associated with the risk of residual dizziness.

Conclusions

Residual dizziness is a frequent sequel of BPPV that may relate to otolithic dysfunction. VEMP changes were revealed in the form of delayed latencies.
Fabrication of mechanical durable novolac matrix composites with recycled and cost-effective candle-soot nano particles
Authors: Kocaman Mücahit , Güler Onur , Çuvalcı Hamdullah , Akçay Serhatcan Berk
Published: May 2024

Novolac matrix composites are crucial due to their exceptional resistance to heat, chemicals, and mechanical stress. These advanced materials find applications in aerospace, electronics, and automotive industries, providing high-performance solutions for components requiring superior durability and reliability. In this context, the microstructure, thermal, phase, and mechanical properties of the composites obtained as a result of the recycling-oriented reinforcement of the waste candle-soot (CS) reinforcement at the rate of 1 wt% to the pure novolac (PN) and shaping with the hot press method were examined in detail at first time in the literature. While microstructural properties and fracture mechanisms were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal properties were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results obtained provided critical findings as the composite hardness, tensile strength, and flexural strength values were 3.28, 2.47, and 3.21 times higher than PN, respectively. CS-reinforced novolac composites made a significant contribution to the literature by introducing a novel and eco-friendly approach to enhance material properties. Their use as a filler material provided insights into sustainable novolac composites, offering potential applications in various industries, such as electronics and aerospace, with improved mechanical and thermal properties.
Classification of e-waste using machine learning-assisted laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Ali Zahid , Jamil Yasir , Anwar Hafeez , Sarfraz Raja Adil
Published: May 2024

Waste management and the economy are intertwined in various ways. Adopting sustainable waste management techniques can contribute to economic growth and resource conservation. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based classification is very crucial for rapid and contactless classification of metals in electronic waste (e-waste) management. In the present research work, five types of aluminium alloys, because of their extensive use in structural, electrical and thermotechnical functions in the electronics industry, were taken. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), a spectral identifier technique, was employed in conjunction with machine learning (ML) classification models of AI. Principal component analysis (PCA), an unsupervised ML classifier, was found incapable to differentiate LIBS data of alloys. Supervised ML classifier was then trained (for 10-fold cross-validation) on randomly selected 80% and tested on 20% spectral data of each alloy to assess classification capacity of each. In most of the tested variants of K nearest neighbour (kNN) the resulting accuracy was lower than 30% but kNN ensembled with random subspace method showed improved accuracy up to 98%. This study revealed that an AI-based LIBS system can classify e-waste alloys rather effectively in a non-contactless mode and could potentially be connected with robotic systems, hence, minimizing manual labour.
Impact of Implementing Serious Illness Conversations Across a Comprehensive Cancer Center Using an Interdisciplinary Approach
Authors: Guo Karen , Wasp Garrett , Vergo Maxwell , Wilson Matthew , Holthoff Megan M. , Buus-Frank Madge E. , Perry James J. , Cullinan Amelia M.
Published: May 2024

Background

Gaps in communication of end-of-life care preferences increase risk of patient harm. Adoption of oncology practice guidelines advocating serious illness communication for patients with advanced cancer is limited.

Objectives

(1) Increase Serious Illness Conversation (SIC) use across oncology teams via an interdisciplinary quality improvement (QI) approach and (2) assess patient reported shared decision making (SDM) experiences with clinicians engaged in SIC implementation.

Design

QI methodology was applied to spread the implementation of SIC across 4 oncology teams. CollaboRATE scores were used to evaluate patient reported outcomes of SDM for patients with advanced cancer.

Settings/Subjects

The SIC QI initiative was a component of the Promise Partnership Learning Health System (PPLHS) piloted in the Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, USA.

Measurements

(1) The percentage of eligible patients with documented SIC and (2) a comparison of a patient reported measure of SDM (CollaboRATE) among SIC eligible patients in encounters with providers who took part in the implementation versus those who did not.

Results

Oncology teams screened a total of 538 patients, identified 278 eligible patients, and completed 144 SIC conversations. The teams improved the proportion of documented SIC among eligible patients from near 0% to a collective frequency of 52%. For clinicians’ top-box CollaboRATE scores, a chi-squared test demonstrated a statistically significant association between providers implementing SIC into practice and patient reported shared decision making (.16, p = .031).

Conclusions

This approach allows for tailoring of iterative improvement cycles to mitigate barriers and improve the practice of SIC among oncology teams.
Identification method on the vibration properties of a periodic core sandwich: Thermal impact on the band gap
Authors: Robin Guillaume , Huchard Thomas , Ponçot Marc , Daya El Mostafa
Published: May 2024

This paper focuses on the thermal impact of filtering properties on sandwich structures with periodic core. The evolution of the bandgap is carefully studied as a function of temperature. Sandwich structure allows to shear the viscoelastic core layer and increases passive damping. Two polymers are selected for their viscoelastic properties and their adhesion properties with metal surfaces. The mechanical properties, shear modulus G(ω) and loss factor η(ω) of these polymers, are determined at temperature by an inverse method. The periodicity of the sandwich structure is achieved by alternating two materials with specific viscoelastic properties in the core, allowing resonant frequencies to be located in beams creating frequency ranges without resonant peaks. Temperature has a strong influence on the mechanical properties of polymer materials. This is why we felt it was important to be able to carry out a temperature investigation. Numerical finite element modelling is developed considering periodicity and temperature. Periodic sandwich fabricated in our laboratory are tested under thermal conditioned. The results show the importance of considering the effect of temperature. It has a direct impact on the filtering properties obtained by periodic structures.
Economies of Inequality? Polycentric Metropolitan Governance and Strategic Sustainability Choices
Authors: Deslatte Aaron , Helmke-Long Laura , Stokan Eric , Chung Juwon
Published: May 2024

This article examines the relationship between the political fragmentation of cities in metropolitan regions, the distribution of social vulnerability, and the city-level economic and social sustainability strategies they adopt. Strategies emerge from prevailing community norms, and polycentric governance arrangements can support conditions in which both economic and social sustainability strategies emerge as compliments, contrary to the concern that fragmentation spurs zero-sum competition. Combining surveys of U.S. cities with social vulnerability data and text analysis of planning documents, we find that greater fragmentation has a negative impact on the sustainable development strategies cities adopt. However, growth and sustainable development strategies tend to develop alongside social sustainability efforts to address human needs. We conclude that development strategies emerge in polycentric systems in relation to the degree of fragmentation which exists, and that subsequent work should continue to focus on identifying these entropic thresholds in order to effectively address lingering inequities.
Inappropriate Acetazolamide Use for a Hiker Who Developed Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Myers Weston R. , Bawcom Charles , Schraudenbach Cooper , Bennett Brad L.
Published: May 2024

Prophylactic use of acetazolamide (ACZ) to prevent acute mountain sickness (AMS) is a common practice among high altitude travelers and mountaineers. With its use comes a possible risk of acute kidney injury (AKI). We present a case in which a 56-year-old male hiker in Grand Canyon National Park developed acute exertional rhabdomyolysis and subsequent AKI while taking prophylactic ACZ to prevent AMS. This medication was prescribed despite the hiker encountering only moderate altitude at Grand Canyon with a planned descent within <24 h. The resulting AKI was determined to be the combined result of acute exertional rhabdomyolysis and dehydration/hypovolemia, with the ACZ, a diuretic, as a contributing factor. Medical providers need to recognize the risks/benefits with ACZ use for AMS prophylaxis and avoid prescribing it to individuals whose altitude exposure and activity fall outside the clinical practice guidelines recommended for use.
Evaluating industry 4.0's sustainable performance and its impact on the manufacturing strategies
Authors: Bhat Firdoos Afzal , Parvez Saad
Published: May 2024

Industry 4.0 (I4.0) standards have gradually being implemented as an advanced approach to manufacturing in the developed and developing nations. The ability of an enterprise to succeed in a highly-competitive global manufacturing market is dependent on various manufacturing strategy outcomes (MSOs), such as cost, quality, delivery, flexibility, and innovation. These MSOs play a vital role in shaping the organization's overall competitive edge. Existing scientific literature indicates that there is currently uncertainty regarding how the many cutting-edge technologies addressed within I4.0 are going to impact MSOs. The key objective of the present research is to examine the impact of I4.0's sustainability on MSOs’ ability to survive and thrive in a highly competitive environment, as considered by academic and industrial experts. In order to understand more about how MSOs and I4.0's sustainable performance are related, experts were interviewed. The findings demonstrated strong links that encourage the adoption of I4.0 sustainable performance approaches, which can offer organizations with a distinct competitive advantage over their competitors. The findings suggested that MSOs have a high potential for synergistic collaboration with several aspects of I4.0's sustainability.
Pressure evaluation in highly porous medium hydrodynamic bearings
Authors: Nguyen Duc H , Herzig Nicolas , Glovnea Romeo
Published: May 2024

This paper presents an experimental investigation into lift generation during the tangential motion of an inclined surface over a compressible porous layer, focusing on an exceptionally slow sliding speed, a condition that has not been considered in previous studies. Specifically, we validated Pascovici's one-dimensional lubrication model for an inclined slider under the above condition. Additionally, we explore the use of woven fibrous material for soft porous lubrication, broadening the range of media for future studies.