bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interpreting the History of Native Custom in Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Yannakakis Yanna
Published: June 2023

This article addresses the opportunities and challenges for researching the history of Indigenous custom during a period in which constitutional and legal reform have led to the recognition of customary law as an official framework for local governance and the administration of justice in Oaxaca, Mexico. The article begins by situating Oaxaca’s laws within the context of broader neoliberal reforms in Latin America characterized by the promulgation of multicultural constitutions recognizing the legal jurisdiction and cultural autonomy of Indigenous communities. Some Indigenous intellectuals, activists, and NGOs working in Oaxaca have declared this new administrative arrangement a victory for Indigenous rights to self-determination, arguing that customary law serves as a defensive wall against state and corporate incursions of many kinds. Other local Indigenous scholars have nuanced the custom-law and community-state oppositions, situating customary law—currently referred to as “Indigenous normative systems”—as historical and contested, and in dynamic interplay with relationships of power within and beyond the community. The article’s author considers these debates about custom’s ambiguous meanings and effects and reflects on how the recent context of legal reform nourishes the author’s own scholarship on the colonial period by providing a broad temporal, cultural, and political framework with which to understand its stakes. The author also explores how historians researching Oaxaca’s deep past can meet the interpretive demands of their discipline while being attentive to historical justice and engaging the communities whose ancestors occupy center stage in our histories.
Couwenbergh’s The Rape of the Negress
Authors: Adkins-Jones Amey Victoria
Published: June 2023

This essay analyzes Christiaen van Couwenbergh’s The Rape of the Negress (1632). The author argues the image as theological artifact, capturing the emergence of a white colonial gaze and the Dutch state concern of Christian piety as an emerging colonial power. The article reviews the context of the image and the art reception history that resisted naming it an image of rape. The author juxtaposes the painting with a Marian statue hidden and thus saved from the Dutch iconoclasm—now one of the most famous Black Madonnas in Europe—to locate theologically the process of colonial unseeing and the refusal to name Black female flesh as sacred. She rereads these visual artifacts through the question of iconicity, and claim these images as sites of Black feminist fugitivity and resistance.
Writing Letters as Counter-Archiving
Authors: Diallo Oda-Kange Midtvåge , Kelekay Jasmine , Abdullahi Maimuna , Sawyer Lena
Published: June 2023

Can counter-archiving be a form of social care? This essay is a dialogue on this topic among four Afro-Nordic feminists writing to each other in the form of letters over a five-month period during 2021. Using an explorative and intuitive practice informed by Black feminist thought, the authors dive into the archives of their families and of the communities that they relate to and are part of as a way to communicate how and why they approach counter-archiving. Black diasporic contributions to Nordic histories are widely erased, silenced, and forgotten, both in the past and present, which is why the authors write them into being. The aim of the essay is to communicate some of the specificities of living and negotiating a Black feminist life in the Nordics. The authors also want to inscribe the Nordics into the Black European archive. The following themes are used to organize the dialogue: 1) positionalities and contexts; 2) Multigenerational legacies: silences, gifts, stories, 3) Counter-Archiving (as) mobilization, transformation, refusal, 4) Imagining otherwise: letter writing as a practice of care. Finally, we argue that counter-archiving through letter-writing dialogue can be a pleasurable, caring, and collective form of knowledge creation that transgresses traditional academic forms.
Complications of the Prone Transpsoas Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Degenerative Lumbar Spine Disease: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Soliman Mohamed A. R. , Diaz-Aguilar Luis , Kuo Cathleen C. , Aguirre Alexander O. , Khan Asham , San Miguel-Ruiz Jose E. , Amaral Rodrigo , Abd-El-Barr Muhammad M. , Moss Isaac L. , Smith Tyler , Deol Gurvinder S. , Ehresman Jeff , Battista Madison , Lee Bryan S. , McMains M. Craig , Joseph Samuel A. , Schwartz David , Nguyen Andrew D. , Taylor William R. , Pimenta Luiz , Pollina John
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

The prone transpsoas (PTP) approach for lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) is a novel technique for degenerative lumbar spine disease. However, there is a paucity of information in the literature on the complications of this procedure, with all published data consisting of small samples. We aimed to report the intraoperative and postoperative complications of PTP in the largest study to date.

METHODS:

A retrospective electronic medical record review was conducted at 11 centers to identify consecutive patients who underwent LLIF through the PTP approach between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2021. The following data were collected: intraoperative characteristics (operative time, estimated blood loss [EBL], intraoperative complications [anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) rupture, cage subsidence, vascular and visceral injuries]), postoperative complications, and hospital stay.

RESULTS:

A total of 365 patients were included in the study. Among these patients, 2.2% had ALL rupture, 0.3% had cage subsidence, 0.3% had a vascular injury, 0.3% had a ureteric injury, and no other visceral injuries were reported. Mean operative time was 226.2 ± 147.9 minutes. Mean EBL was 138.4 ± 215.6 mL. Mean hospital stay was 2.7 ± 2.2 days. Postoperative complications included new sensory symptoms—8.2%, new lower extremity weakness—5.8%, wound infection—1.4%, cage subsidence—0.8%, psoas hematoma—0.5%, small bowel obstruction and ischemia—0.3%, and 90-day readmission—1.9%.

CONCLUSION:

In this multicenter case series, the PTP approach was well tolerated and associated with a satisfactory safety profile.
The generation and characterisation of anti-insect blood cell monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Mullett H. , Ratcliffe N. A. , Rowley A. F.
Published: June 2023

A number of monoclonal antibodies have been raised against the haemocytes (blood cells) of two insect species: namely, the wax moth, Galleria mellonella and a species of cockroach, Blaberus discoidalis. In the case of the wax moth, two groups of monoclonal antibodies were raised. One group, designated GM1 to GM28, identified only one type of blood cell, namely the gran-ular cell. All 28 monoclonal antibodies recognised a 90 kDa protein as shown by western blotting. The second group of monoclonal antibodies, designated GallPG1 to GallPG20, recognised all the haemocyte types of G. mel -lonella, including the granular cells, prohaemocytes, plasmatocytes, spherule cells and oenocytoids. These latter monoclonal antibodies all identified a protein of 35 kDa when tested by western blotting. All monoclonal antibodies against G. mellonella haemocytes were highly specific for wax moth haemocytes and did not cross-react with any other lepidopteran, orthopteran or dic-tyopteran haemocytes tested. With the cockroach, B. discoidalis, there were two main sets of monoclonal anti-bodies produced against the haemocytes; however, none was specific for any of the three haemocyte types found in this species, namely, the granular cells, plasmatocytes and prohaemocytes. One group of Blaberus monoclonal antibodies, termed BlabMem1 to BlabMem19, labelled the cell surface and cytoplasm of the plasmatocytes, pro-haemocytes and granular cells. These monoclonal anti-bodies all recognised a protein of approximately 60 kDa. The second group of monoclonal antibodies, designated BlabGr1 to BlabGr31, labelled the granular inclusions of all haemocyte types. The monoclonal antibodies against the Blaberus haemocytes did cross-react with the blood cells of some closely related species of cockroach, but not with the haemocytes of any of the lepidopterans or orthopterans tested. Initial experiments showed that exposure of Galleria haemocytes to the monoclonal anti-bodies specific for the 90 kDa protein (GM1 to GM28), significantly reduced the ability of these cells to attach to bacteria in vitro. These results suggest that this pro-tein plays a central role in the cellular defence reactions of insects and that these monoclonal antibodies should be extremely useful in further investigating its func-tional significance.
Localisation of Nramp1 in macrophages: Modulation with activation and infection
Authors: Searle Susan , Bright Nicholas A. , Roach Tamara I. A. , Atkinson Peter G. P. , Barton C. Howard , Meloen Robert H. , Blackwell Jenefer M.
Published: June 2023

The murine natural resistance-associated macrophage protein, Nramp1, has multiple pleiotropic effects on macrophage activation and regulates survival of intracellular pathogens including Leishmania, Salmonella and Mycobacterium species. Nramp1 acts as an iron transporter, but precisely how this relates to macrophage activation and/or pathogen survival remains unclear. To gain insight into function, anti-Nramp1 monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies are used here to localise Nramp1 following activation and infection. Confocal microscope analysis in uninfected macrophages demonstrates that both the mutant (infection-susceptible) and wild-type (infection-resistant) forms of the protein localise to the membranes of intracellular vesicular compartments. Gold labelling and electron microscopy defines these compartments more precisely as electron-lucent late endosomal and electrondense lysosomal compartments, with Nramp1 colocalizing with Lamp1 and cathepsins D and L in both compartments, with macrosialin in late endosomes, and with BSA-5 nm gold in pre-loaded lysosomes. Nramp1 is upregulated with interferon-γ and lipopolysaccaride treatment, coinciding with an increase in labelling in lysosomes relative to late endosomes and apparent dispersion of Nramp1-positive vesicles from a perinuclear location towards the periphery of the cytoplasm along the microtubular network. In both control and activated macrophages, expression of the protein is 3-to 4-fold higher in wild-type compared to mutant macrophages. In Leishmania major-infected macrophages, Nramp1 is observed in the membrane of the pathogen-containing phagosomes, which retain a perinuclear localization in resting macrophages. In Mycobacterium avium-infected resting and activated macrophages, Nramp1-positive vesicles migrated to converge, but not always fuse, with pathogen-containing phagosomes. The Nramp1 protein is thus located where it can have a direct influence on phagosome fusion and the microenvironment of the pathogen, as well as in the more general regulation of endosomal/lysosomal function in macrophages.
Identification of cofilin, coronin, Rac and capZ in actin tails using a Listeria affinity approach
Authors: David Violaine , Gouin Edith , Troys Marleen Van , Grogan Ann , Segal Anthony W. , Ampe Christophe , Cossart Pascale
Published: June 2023

Actin assembly is involved in cell motility and intracellular movement of Listeria monocytogenes. Induction of Listeria actin tails is mediated by the surface protein ActA. The N-terminal domain of ActA is sufficient for this function. Cell components known to play a role in the actin-based motility of Listeria are VASP (vasodilatator-stimulated phosphoprotein), the multiprotein Arp2/3 complex and cofilin. VASP interacts with the central domain of ActA. Proteins interacting with the N-terminal domain of ActA have not been identified. To identify novel host cell components of ActA-induced actin tails, we used bovine brain extracts and an affinity approach with Listeria as matrix. Several known components of Listeria tails were isolated including VASP, Arp3 and cofilin. Cofilin was identified by peptide sequencing, and cofilin recruitment and Listeria tail length were found to be pH-dependent, in agreement with its recently reported role in enhancing actin filament turnover. In addition, three proteins not previously known to be associated with Listeria tails, coronin, Rac and capZ, were identified in our affinity approach. In infected cells, the localization of the identified proteins was studied by immunofluorescence. Our findings suggest that these latter proteins, which are known to play critical roles in cellular actin rearrangements, may also be involved in the dynamics of Listeria-induced actin assembly.
The IQGAP-related protein DGAP1 interacts with Rac and is involved in the modulation of the F-actin cytoskeleton and control of cell motility
Authors: Faix Jan , Clougherty Chris , Konzok Angelika , Mintert Ursula , Murphy John , Albrecht Richard , Mühlbauer Bettina , Kuhlmann Jürgen
Published: June 2023

DGAP1 of Dictyostelium discoideum is a cell cortex associated 95 kDa protein that shows homology to both RasGTPase-activating proteins (RasGAPs) and RasGAP-related proteins. When tested for RasGAP activity, recombinant DGAP1 protein did not promote the GTPase activity of human H-Ras or of Dictyostelium RasG in vitro. Instead, DGAP1 bound to Dictyostelium Rac1A and human Rac1, but not to human Cdc42. DGAP1 preferentially interacted with the activated GTP-bound forms of Rac1 and Rac1A, but did not affect the GTPase activities. Since Rho-type GTPases are implicated in the formation of specific F-actin structures and in the control of cell morphology, the microfilament system of mutants that either lack or overexpress DGAP1 has been analysed. DGAP1-null mutants showed elevated levels of F-actin that was organised in large leading edges, membrane ruffles or numerous large filopods. Expression of actin fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) was used to monitor the actin dynamics in these cells, and revealed that the F-actin cytoskeleton of DGAP1-null cells was rapidly re-arranged to form ruffles and filopods. Conversely, in DGAP1-overexpressing cells, the formation of cellular projections containing F-actin was largely suppressed. Measurement of cell migration demonstrated that DGAP1 expression is inversely correlated with the speed of cell motility.
A cell cycle regulated MAP kinase with a possible role in cytokinesis in tobacco cells
Authors: Calderini Ornella , Bögre László , Vicente Oscar , Binarova Pavla , Heberle-Bors Erwin , Wilson Cathal
Published: June 2023

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases have been demonstrated to have a role in meiosis but their involvement in mitotic events is less clear. Using a peptide antibody raised against the tobacco MAP kinase p43Ntf6 and extracts from synchronized tobacco cell suspension cultures, we show that this kinase is activated specifically during mitosis. Entry into mitosis appears to be necessary for the activation of the kinase, which occurs as a post-translational event. The activation of the kinase occurs in late anaphase/early telophase. The p43Ntf6protein shows a transient localization to the cell plate in anaphase cells, in the middle of the two microtubule arrays characteristic of the phragmoplast, a plant-specific structure involved in laying down the new cell wall. The combined data support a role for the MAP kinase p43Ntf6 in cytokinesis in tobacco cells.
The Impact of Public–Private Partnerships (PPPs) in Infrastructure, Health, and Education
Authors: Fabre Anaïs , Straub Stéphane
Published: June 2023

This paper summarizes what is known about the impact of public–private partnerships (PPPs) in the three sectors where they have been used intensively: infrastructure (energy, transport, water and sanitation, and telecommunications), education, and health. It lays out the main elements of economic theory relevant to analyzing the trade-off between PPPs and the public provision of complex projects. It places PPPs within a historical perspective. It reviews empirical evaluations of the effectiveness of PPPs and, whenever possible, the implications for social outcomes. Finally, it draws conclusions on cross-cutting issues that influence the efficiency of PPPs, from contract design and regulation to renegotiations and institutional issues. The paper straightens out and qualifies the record of existing evidence and signals some of the main areas and topics for future fruitful research. (JEL D04, H54, I11, I21, L33)
A Monetary and Fiscal History of the United States, 1961–2021
Authors: Leeper Eric M.
Published: June 2023

Eric M. Leeper of Department of Economics, University of Virginia reviews “A Monetary and Fiscal History of the United States, 1961-2021” by Alan S. Blinder. The Econlit abstract of this book begins: “Examines monetary and fiscal policy in the United States since the 1960s, chronicling how stabilization policy struggled to fight recessions, unemployment, and inflation.”
Gestación subrogada: un análisis de la regulación en algunos países de américa latina
Authors: Higuita Jaramillo Simón , Gómez Rúa Natalia Eugenia
Published: June 2023

Este artículo estudia la gestación subrogada como una de las técnicas de reproducción humana asistida más populares en el mundo y se enfoca en América Latina para revisar la regulación en algunos países de la región: México, Argentina, Chile, Brasil, Ecuador, Panamá y Perú. Como principal hallazgo, se encuentra que en ninguna de estas naciones el cuerpo legislativo ha proferido una normativa integral y que las únicas luces existentes para ordenar esta práctica han sido dadas por la jurisprudencia y, en algunas ocasiones, pronunciamientos de autoridades administrativas que atienden a casos concretos y adolecen del carácter general y obligatorio de la ley. Por otra parte, fue posible hallar diferencias en la conceptualización, las cuales terminaron obedeciendo al grado de discusión existente en el país. Para finalizar se reflexiona sobre la ausencia de regulación en la gestación subrogada y las posibles violaciones a los derechos de los actores involucrados.
Alimentação por sonda e gastrostomia no câncer avançado: indicação, vivências, sentidos e significados
Authors: Nascimento Sonia Barbosa do , Santos Rosane De Souza , Costa Mariana Fernandes
Published: June 2023

Introdução: Pacientes com câncer avançado apresentam sintomas e distúrbios metabólicos que podem impossibilitar a alimentação oral adequada e levar à perda de peso, com implicações na capacidade funcional e na qualidade de vida, sendo indicadas sondas/ostomias para alimentação. Objetivos: Compreender os sentidos e significados da alimentação por sondas/ostomias para pacientes com câncer avançado em cuidados paliativos exclusivos e cuidadores. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, exploratório-descritiva, realizada em hospital do Rio de Janeiro, através de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 12 pacientes e 12 cuidadores, no ano de 2021. Após transcrições, utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo de Laurence Bardin. Como referenciais teóricos, as ideias de Elizabeth Kübler-Ross e perspectivas da Psicologia Social. Resultados: Três dimensões temáticas foram identificadas sobre indicação, vivências e sentidos e significados da alimentação por sonda/ostomias, com respectivas categorias. A maioria dos pacientes e cuidadores abordou a evolução da doença e a participação na decisão da via alimentar alternativa. Como sentidos da alimentação: qualidade de vida, conforto, vida e esperança. Conclusões: Dessa forma, a nutrição artificial é ressignificada como a nova alimentação possível, apresentando também aspectos simbólicos, além da função biológica.
Qualidade nutricional de biscoitos disponíveis à venda em supermercados
Authors: Silveira Joice Trindade , De Moura Fernanda Aline , Dornelles Gasperin Pietra
Published: June 2023

Introdução: Biscoitos são produtos de panificação feitos com farinha, gordura, açúcar e outros ingredientes, e podem ser alimentos processados ou ultraprocessados. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade nutricional de biscoitos comercializados em supermercados brasileiros. Materiais e Métodos: Após a autorização dos responsáveis, dois supermercados participaram do estudo. Foram coletados os dados de informação nutricional e a lista de ingredientes dos biscoitos a partir dos rótulos dos produtos, através de fotos e anotações. Os dados foram tabulados e analisados estatisticamente através de estatística descritiva e análise de variância (ANOVA) com nível de significância de p<0,05. Resultado: No total, foram incluídos 412 biscoitos diferentes, dos quais 73,5% eram doces e 26,5%, salgados. A média de ingredientes por produto foi de 14,80, e 84,7% dos biscoitos eram produzidos com 11 ou mais ingredientes; o número máximo de ingredientes encontrado foi de 29. A gordura vegetal foi encontrada em 79,6% dos produtos. Os biscoitos doces tiveram valores mais elevados de açúcares p<0,0001), gordura total (p=0,002) e gordura saturada (p<0,0001), e os biscoitos salgados tiveram valores mais altos de proteínas (p<0,0001), e sódio (p<0,0001). Quando comparados com biscoitos processados, os biscoitos ultraprocessados tiveram níveis mais elevados de carboidratos (p=0,001), açúcares (p<0,0001), gordura total (p<0,0001) e gordura saturada (p<0,0001). Conclusão: No presente estudo, biscoitos processados e salgados tiveram melhor qualidade nutricional que os biscoitos doces e ultraprocessados, e são considerados melhores opções para os consumidores em supermercados.
Perfil de consumidores e sua percepção sobre antepasto de grão de bico contendo bactéria probiótica
Authors: Barreiro Nathalia Lanchin , Condé Patrícia Rodrigues , Antunes Daiana Júnia de Paula , Talma Simone Vilela , Martins Maurilio Lopes , Da Rocha Campos André Narvaes , Martins Fabiana De Oliveira , De Oliveira Martins Aurélia Dornelas , Martins Eliane Mauricio Furtado
Published: June 2023

Introdução: A indústria de alimentos e os pesquisadores têm-se dedicado a desenvolver novos produtos funcionais, com características mais naturais. Assim, estudos que identifiquem a demanda dos consumidores buscando atender seus anseios são importantes. Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil e a percepção de consumidores sobre antepastos, probióticos e a intenção de compras de um antepasto de grão de bico adicionado de bactéria probiótica. Método: A avaliação foi realizada de forma on-line, por meio de questionário contendo 33 questões respondidas por 322 participantes. Nuvens de palavras foram elaboradas com os resultados obtidos. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes reside na Região Sudeste, 72,7% são do gênero feminino, 37,3% possuem renda familiar de até três salários mínimos, 75,8% sabem o que é antepasto e mais da metade já consumiu grão de bico e conhece seus benefícios. Mais de 84,0% dos participantes sabem o que são probióticos e 90,1% já consumiram produtos probióticos de base láctea. Entretanto, 78,0% demonstraram interesse por opções de produtos probióticos de origem vegetal. Sobre as características que os participantes consideram que melhor descrevem o antepasto, as mais citadas foram: pastoso, macio, agridoce, salgado e firme. A nuvem de palavras mostrou que os respondentes associam probióticos à saúde intestinal e 36% deles estariam dispostos a comprar antepasto de grão de bico contendo probiótico se o produto estivesse disponível no mercado. Conclusão: O estudo indica que os consumidores têm interesse por grão de bico e probióticos, havendo uma demanda potencial por alimentos de origem vegetal contendo probióticos.
Mitigasi Banjir Kawasan dengan Teknologi Otomasi Alat Ukur Tinggi Hujan dan Genangan
Authors: Imaaduddiin Muhammad Hafiizh , Khoiri Mohamad , Saud Ismail , Al-Kindhi Berlian , Aini Anissa Nur
Published: June 2023

Perumahan Griya Taman Sari merupakan salah satu perumahan yang berada di Kelurahan Tambak Sumur, Kabupaten Sidoarjo yang mengalami permasalahan genangan Ketika hujan sedang turun. Saluran dalam kawasan tidak dapat menampung intensitas air hujan yang jatuh sehingga meluap ke permukaan jalan yang menyebabkan mobilitas warga perumahan menjadi terganggu. Untuk itu, tim abdi masyarakat melakukan peninjauan dan perencanaan terhadap permasalahan yang ada pada kawasan tersebut. Dilakukan survei topografi oleh tim pemetaan untuk mendapatkan kondisi eksisting kawasan. Selain itu, dilakukan perencanaan untuk alternatif pengendalian banjir oleh tim hidrologi dan hidrolika abdi masyarakat. Dari hasil analisa yang dilakukan oleh tim hidrologi dan hidrolika, diperoleh hasil alternatif pengendalian banjir dengan menggunakan long-storage untuk meminimalisir genangan yang terjadi pada kawasan Perumahan Griya Taman Sari. Warga Perumahan Griya Taman Sari juga dibekali teknologi otomasi alat pengukur tinggi air hujan dan genangan yang dirancang oleh tim prototipe guna memitigasi secara mandiri kemungkinan terjadi banjir pada saat hujan sedang turun. Dengan demikian, diharapkan banjir yang ada pada perumahan Griya Taman Sari dapat di minimalisir dan warga yang ada di kawasan dapat secara mandiri memitigasi banjir yang terjadi di kawasan Perumahan Griya Taman Sari, Tambak Sumur, Sidoarjo.
Recycle Home: Inovasi Pemanfaatan Sampah Organik menjadi Biogas Terintegrasi Aplikasi Mobile Recycle App sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Sekitar TPA Pakusari, Kabupaten Jember
Authors: Khamil Achri Isnan , Valensyah Anandya Zulham , Muharja Maktum , Waji Dwi Imam Sahroni , Fitria Nur Laila Ida , Pramudya Adelia Nanda , Shelli Pratamai , Adrian Febri , Zahiyah Zahwa Auliya , Mahendra Muhammad Dhaffa , Syah Muhammad Zufar , Darmayanti Rizki Fitria , Mumtazah Zuhriah , Zikrillah M.
Published: June 2023

Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan melalui inovasi pemanfaatan sampah organik menjadi biogas terintegrasi aplikasi Mobile Recycle App sebagai upaya peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat sekitar TPA Pakusari. Inovasi tersebut berlatar belakang kondisi TPA Pakusari berstatus mengkhawatirkan akibat tidak adanya perluasan lahan. Hampir 82% komposisi sampah di TPA Pakusari merupakan sampah organik yang mana penumpukan volume sampah organik tersebut dapat menyebabkan terjadinya degradasi anaerob yang menghasilkan gas metana. Gas metana yang tidak dimanfaatkan dengan baik dapat meledak dan berpotensi terjadinya kebakaran pada landfill. Selain itu, TPA Pakusari memiliki digester penampung gas metana terbengkalai yang sangat berpotensi menyebabkan kebakaran apabila tidak diolah dengan baik. Potensi biogas yang dihasilkan dari digester TPA Pakusari ini mencapai 112,0124 m3/hari sehingga dapat mencukupi kebutuhan harian pengganti gas LPG untuk kurang lebih 22 rumah atau Kepala Keluarga. Tujuan kegiatan ini yaitu untuk memberikan edukasi dan implementasi terkait pemanfaatan biogas menjadi alternatif pengganti gas LPG yang disalurkan ke rumah masyarakat sekitar dengan terintegrasi aplikasi Mobile Recycle. Capaian kegiatan ini terbukti dengan adanya 5 warga Desa Kertosari yang tertarik dan bersedia untuk mengikuti program ini.
Insights about the biology of trematodes within their gastropod hosts
Authors: Castro Pablo Jimenez
Published: June 2023

This article discusses the specialised behaviour, polymorphism, and caste formation of trematodes within their gastropod hosts and suggests the clinical implications of improved understanding of these dynamics.
OSMANLI DEVRİ İSTANBUL TASVİRLERİNDE KIZ KULESİ BETİMLEMELERİ
Authors: ÖTEN Aliye
Published: June 2023

Öz

Restorasyon nedeniyle özlediğimiz şu günlerde Kız Kulesi’ni Osmanlı kitaplarında ve yapılarında aramak, her biri farklı ellerin ve bakışların izini taşıyan birbirinden oldukça farklı İstanbul tasvirlerini karşımıza çıkarmıştır. Osmanlı coğrafyasına yayılan geniş örneklem alanında yüzyıllar içinde yapılan bu nakışlardaki Kız Kulesi figürleri; tasarım, teknik ve gerçeklik açısından incelenmiştir. Bu figürler topografik kent tasvirleri, kalem işi ve duvar resimlerinde İstanbul tasvirleri başlıkları altında ayrı ayrı incelenerek kronolojik çerçevede meydana gelen değişim ve gelişim özellikleri tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. İnsan elinin değdiği hayalle gerçeğin birbirine karıştığı her sanat eserinde olduğu gibi güzellik hissini oluşturan o karışımı anlatma gibi zorlama bir çabadan ziyade ilham kaynağı olan ve İstanbul gibi bir şehrin simge yapısı Kız Kulesi’ni sanat gerçekliği ve güzelliğiyle sunmak ana hedefi teşkil etmektedir.

Anahtar kelimeler: Osmanlı, kalem işi, İstanbul tasvirleri, kız kulesi

Abstract

A contemporary look at the Maiden's Tower in Ottoman books and buildings, which we miss due to the restoration, revealed quite different depictions of Istanbul, each of which bore traces of several hands and eyes. This study examined the Maiden's Tower depictions in those embroideries, which had a long history and spread over a broad region in the Ottoman Empire. The figures were assessed in terms of design, technique, and reality and categorized under the headings of topographic urban depictions, hand-drawn illustrations, and wall paintings of Istanbul. The chronological changes in those figures were also described in this endeavor. Just like any attempt to describe an artwork's imaginary and realistic aspects, our primary intention was to depict the Maiden's Tower, a unique and inspirational symbol of Istanbul, with its artistic reality and beauty.

Keywords: Ottoman, hand-drawn artwork, Istanbul depictions, Maiden's Tower
Optimization of Machining Characteristics in Turning Operation of LM2 -Al2O3 Metal Matrix Composite
Authors: Madki Santosh Jaykumar , V. Kohir Vishaldatt
Published: June 2023

The optimization of machining parameters in the turning operation of metal matrix composite (MMC) is a crucial aspect in the manufacturing process. In this research work, Taguchi Method of optimization is used to optimize the cutting parameters, which include cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. The experiments are carried out according to Taguchi L9 algorithm. The optimization is based on minimizing the surface roughness. The results show that the cutting speed has the most significant effect on the responses, followed by feed rate and depth of cut. It is observed a good agreement between the predicted and actual results, indicating the effectiveness of the Taguchi method in optimizing the cutting parameters.
Morphology and pitcher's color Nepenthes in Batu Lubang Sibolga Area, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia
Authors: TARIGAN MHD. RAFI’I MA’ARIF , AZIS SUHARTINI , TANJUNG INDAYANA FEBRIANI , PARY CORNELI , ADLINI MIZA NINA , DWI JAYANTI UMMI NUR AFINNI , ARDIANTO ARDIANTO , ULFA ANDI YURNI
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Tarigan MRM, Aziz S, Tanjung IF, Pary C, Adlini MN, Jayanti UNAD, Ardianto, Ulfa AY. 2023. Morphology and pitcher's color Nepenthes in Batu Lubang Sibolga Area, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 1953-1962. The study's objective was to identify the size, color, and shape of a pitcher of Nepenthes found in the Batu Lubang Sibolga region. Purposive sampling is used as part of an exploratory approach in this study. Plot-based Nepenthes observation was conducted in the Sitahuis District, Central Tapanuli Regency, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia, to examine pitcher morphology and color. The results showed two species of Nepenthes, namely N. gracilis Korth and N. eustachya Miq, with two types of pitchers each, namely the lower and upper pitcher. The morphology of the Nepenthes pitchers has an almost similar shape but differs in the size of the pitcher circumference, where the lower pitcher is smaller than the upper pitcher. The bottom pitcher of N. gracilis has redwood (45%), and the upper pitcher is light green (55%), according to the proportion of observations of the color of the lower and upper pitchers of these two species. While the upper pitcher of N. eustachya is green with red dots (70%), the lower pitcher is light reddish green (30%). According to the study's findings, Nepenthes in the Batu Lubang Sibolga area required conservation intervention to preserve this species.
Diversity, nutrient contents and production of forage plants in an integrated cattle livestock-oil palm plantation in East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: DARU TAUFAN PURWOKUSUMANING , SUNARYO WIDI , PAGORAY HENNY , SUHARDI SUHARDI , MAYULU HAMDI , IBRAHIM IBRAHIM , SAFITRI APDILA
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Daru TP, Sunaryo W, Pagoray H, Suhardi, Mayulu H, Ibrahim, Safitri A. 2023. Diversity, nutrient contents and production of forage plants in an integrated cattle livestock-oil palm plantation in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 1981-1989. The integration of cattle livestock rearing into oil palm plantations delivers various benefits. The livestock management can reduce the weeds and add organic nutrients to the plantations, while the understorey vegetation grow under the oil palm trees can be used as forage for the livestock. Several studies reported that the age of oil palm plantations affects forage production in integrated cattle livestock palm oil plantations. From an ecological standpoint, the diversity of plant species and the level of forage production varies based on the age of the oil palm trees. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the diversity, composition, nutrient contents, forage production and carrying capacity of understorey vegetation in oil palm plantations at different ages of 3, 7, and 10 years in Paser District, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. A total of 29 plant species from 13 families were found under oil palm plantations, of which 14 species (48.27%) are palatable to cattle livestock. The results showed that the diversity of plant species decreased along with the increasing age of oil palm trees, but they were able to meet the needs of livestock. In the 3, 7, and 10-year-old plantations, the diversity index (H') was 1.491, 1.634, and 2.099, with evenness index (E) of 0.538, 0.589 and 0.757; as well as the dominance index of 0.15, 0.30, and 0.18, respectively. Narrow-leaved forage plant species dominated the understorey vegetation and increased along with the age of oil palm plantations due to the ability to adapt to environmental conditions. The low forage production under the different ages of oil palm plantations caused a low carrying capacity to support livestock feed, namely 0.87, 0.56, and 0.36 Animal Unit (AU) ha-1 per year in the 3, 7, and 10-year-old plantations. Nonetheless, Crude Protein (CP) and total digestible nutrients can meet the basic life needs of livestock. The results of this study imply that oil palm plantations in Paser District can be applied as livestock rearing with different carrying capacities based on the different ages of oil palm plantations.
Floristic composition and carbon stock estimation under restored mangrove area in Bagan Serdang, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: HAREFA MELINDA SURIANI , NASUTION ZULKIFLI , TUHONO ELING , SUSILOWATI ARIDA
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Harefa MS, Nasution Z, Tuhono E, Susilowati A. 2023. Floristic composition and carbon stock estimation under restored mangrove area in Bagan Serdang, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2037-2044. Mangrove forests play an important role in the surrounding ecosystem, providing various complex ecosystem services such as coastal protection, food and medicine provision, water quality improvement, and habitat for various terrestrial and aquatic biota. However, forest degradation and conversion have destroyed the majority of mangrove habitats. Monoculture restoration of mangroves with local species has been carried out in various areas, including Bagan Serdang village in North Sumatra, to restore the degraded area. However, fewer studies have been conducted to assess the floristic diversity of monoculture restoration areas and their carbon stock storage estimation, especially in North Sumatra. This research aims to analyze vegetation diversity and estimate carbon stocks in a restoration area dominated by Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. species in Bagan Serdang village, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Purposive sampling was employed to identify species and measure tree diameter at breast height by creating plot lines that filled the observation area with 10 x 10 plots. Therefore, the Shannon Wiener diversity index (H') and allometric equations were used to determine mangrove diversity and biomass. The study's findings revealed that A. marina had the highest Importance Value Index (IVI) at all growth stages, including seedlings, saplings, and trees, with values of 89.12, 190.91, and 263.14%, respectively. The seedling stages had the highest diversity, with a value of 1.241. The total amount of CO2 absorbed is 200.67 tons/ha, and the total amount of carbon stored is 54.67MgC H-1.
Characterization and identification of Trichoderma on shallots isolated from three elevation regions in West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: SUSILA EKA , MAULINA FRI , EMILDA DENI
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Susila E, Maulina F, Emilda D. 2023. Characterization and identification of Trichoderma on shallots isolated from three elevation regions in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2064-2071. Various microorganisms are found in the rhizosphere of plants. The species of Trichoderma exhibited many benefits to plants such as biological control of many crop diseases and their causing agents. This study aim was to explore, collect, and identify species of Trichoderma from shallot rhizosphere based on morphological characters and molecular techniques. The research was carried out from March to October 2021 at Biology Laboratories Agricultural State Polytechnic of Payakumbuh and Plant Protection Laboratory, Indonesian Tropical Fruits Research Institute (ITFRI) for morphological observation, and Molecular Laboratories, ITFRI for molecular identification. Samples were collected from Alahan Panjang (1700 m above sea level), Solok (400m asl) and Kambang (< 200 m asl) by using Stratified Random Sampling method. The isolates of Trichoderma species were cultured on Potato Dextose Agar (PDA). Three Trichoderma sp. from shallot rhizosphere were obtained and identified. Four specific primer pairs (T2A F-T2A R, T2 F-T2 R, T1 F-T1 R and Th1 F-Th1 R) were used for molecular identification. The amplification results of three isolates of Trichoderma spp. using four pairs of specific primers showed that the three isolates tested amplified only in the T. asperellum primer pair. The results showed that Trichoderma spp. origin of shallot rhizosphere from three locations (Alahan Panjang, Solok and Kambang) is identified as one species i.e. Trichoderma asperellum.
Diversity, carbon stock and associated biota of seagrass beds in Central Tapanuli District, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: MAULITA MIRA , NUGRAHA ERICK , SUHARTI RATNA , TANJUNG NANDA W. , SAYUTI MOHAMMAD , MULYONO MUGI , MANTANI SAYURI , SETIARTO R. HARYO BIMO
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Maulita M, Nugraha E, Suharti R, Tanjung NW, Sayuti M, Mulyono M, Mantani S, Setiarto RHB. 2023. Diversity, carbon stock and associated biota of seagrass beds in Central Tapanuli District, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2080-2087. Various human activities emit carbon dioxide which drives global warming and climate change. Seagrass ecosystems can absorb and store enormous quantities of carbon, hence reducing carbon emissions. This research aimed to assess the diversity, vegetation cover, carbon stock and associated biota of seagrass beds in Central Tapanuli District, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Purposive sampling method was employed with data collection used the line transect quadrant method. Carbon stock was measured using the loss of ignition method. There were four species of seagrass in the studied area, namely Enhalus acoroides (L.f.) Royle, Thalassia hemprichii (Ehrenb. ex Solms) Asch., Cymodocea rotundata Asch. & Schweinf. and Halodule uninervis (Forssk.) Boiss. with a density ranging from 23-164 stands/m2. Seagrass cover ranged from 3.87%-34.37%. Associated biota (fish and crustaceans) at each observation station were Siganus javus Linnaeus 1766, Siganus canaliculatus Park 1797, Siganus vermiculatus Valenciennes 1835, Colomesus psittacus Bloch & Schneider 1801, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus Forsskål 1775, Terapon jarbua Forsskål 1775, Ambassis dussumieri Cuvier 1828, Cryptocentrus leptocephalus Bleeker 1876, Leiognathus robustus Sparks & Dunlap 2004, Portunus armatus A.Milne-Edwards 1861, Rhinolambrus pelagicus Rüppell 1830 and Hippolyte obliquimanus Dana 1852. The total carbon stock of the top substrate (leaves) was 12.8 tons, while carbon bottom substrate (rhizomes and roots) was 12.9 tons, resulting in a total carbon stock of 25.7 tons. The analysis of water quality parameters indicated that the studied area had suitable environmental conditions for seagrass growth. The results of this study add new information regarding seagrass ecology of the western region of Indonesia, especially Sumatra.
Bacterial diversity in the western slopes of Mount Lawu, Karanganyar, Indonesia
Authors: ROSARIASTUTI RETNO , SUTAMI SUTAMI , NUGRAHA SETYA , AMANTO BAMBANG SIGIT
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Rosariastuti R, Sutami, Nugraha S, Amanto BS. 2023. Bacterial diversity in the western slopes of Mount Lawu, Karanganyar, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2125-2133. Bacteria are an essential ecosystem component that is critical in nutrient recycling. Mount Lawu is an ecosystem with various habitats supporting bacterial growth. This region contains a diverse range of bacteria that has received little attention. This study aimed to investigate the bacterial biodiversity on Mount Lawu's western slopes of Karanganyar District, Central Java Province, Indonesia based on land use differences. There are five land uses including vegetable plantations, paddy fields, residential, mixed land, and forests. This study is exploratory-descriptive; the survey method and exploration technique are employed. Then, the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) approach was administered to identify the type of bacteria. This research revealed more than 10 phylum and 28 species of bacteria. The diversity index (H') value was 8.80 for Vegetable plantations, 8.50 for paddy fields, 8.26 for mixed land, 8.10 for residential, and 7.66 for forests, with the highest bacterial diversity index in vegetable plantations. The bacterial diversity incorporates the phylum Proteobacteria, Methylomirabillota, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobiota, Acidobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Myxococcota, Chloroflexi, and others. Phylum Proteobacteria was dominant in each land use, followed by Phylum Actinobacteria. The bacterial diversity on Mount Lawu's western slope was high. This study's findings are useful as a database (information) on microbial biodiversity in Central Java.
Effectiveness of biofungicide formula on rhizome rot disease of red ginger and its plant growth
Authors: MARWAN HUSDA , HAYATI ISLAH , MULYATI SRI
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Marwan H, Hayati I, Mulyati S. 2023. Effectiveness of biofungicide formula on rhizome rot disease of red ginger and its plant growth. Biodiversitas 24: 2143-2148. Rhizome rot disease is a serious problem in red ginger cultivation in Indonesia. The development of organic red ginger cultivation to meet the demand for phytopharmaca raw materials requires a method of controlling rhizome rot disease without synthetic pesticides. The application of microbial biopesticides is one of the disease control methods that can be used to control rhizome rot disease in red ginger plants caused by Fusarium oxysporum. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of biofungicide formula containing Trichoderma sp. TBP1 and Bacillus spp. (PBC25 and PBC32 isolates) on plant growth and disease incidence in red ginger. The results of in vitro testing showed that Trichoderma sp. (TBP1) isolate was able to inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum by 83%. The inhibition of F. oxysporum by Bacillus spp. isolates, namely PBC25 and PBC32 were 53.3% and 50%. It was observed that application of several biofungicide formulas containing Trichoderma sp. and Bacillus spp. on ginger rhizome before planting and 30 days after planting enhanced the growth of ginger plants and suppressed the development of rhizome rot disease between 78.57 - 93.3%.
Determination of phytochemical constituents, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of ethanolic leaf extracts of Pterocarpus erinaceus
Authors: OKOLI EMMANUEL CHIKODIRI , UMARU ISAAC JOHN , OLAWALE OTITOJU
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Okoli EC, Umaru IJ, Olawale O. 2023. Determination of phytochemical constituents, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of ethanolic leaf extracts of Pterocarpus erinaceus. Biodiversitas 24: 2272-2277. Many people in Nigeria and West Africa have long used the leaves, stem bark, and roots of Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. as a medicine to treat ailments such as malaria, ulcers, coughs, and fevers. The antioxidant, antimalarial, antiulcer, and antibacterial activities of stem bark, leaves, and roots of P. erinaceus have been investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical composition, antimicrobial activity, and antioxidant activity of the P. erinaceus leaf. Phytochemical compounds in ethanolic leaf extracts of P. erinaceus were analyzed and quantified by Gas Chromatography/Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). The antibacterial test was performed against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli by agar diffusion. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH scavenging activity. Phytochemicals content in the extract include flavonoids (44.71%), alkaloids (19.47%), steroids (6.01%), tannins (1.73%), saponins (4.70%), glycosides (7.00%), tannins (2.60%), anti-nutrient (12.77%). Ethanol extracts of P. erinaceus leaves were effective against all selected bacterial strains (E. coli, S. aureus, B. subtilis, and P. aeruginosa). DPPH scavenging activity of the ethanol extract of P.erinaceus at a concentration of 1000 ?g/mL was 49.51% and 27.20% at 40 ?g/mL, categorized as moderate antioxidant activity. This study showed that crude ethanol extracts of P. erinaceus leaf contained pharmacologically active compounds and exhibited significant antibacterial and DPPH free radical scavenging activities in a concentration-dependent manner.
Isolation and screening of Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici and their effects on seedling growth of Paraserianthes falcataria
Authors: YUSRAN YUSRAN
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Yusran Y. 2023. Isolation and screening of Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici and their effects on seedling growth of Paraserianthes falcataria. Biodiversitas 24: 2294-2301. Pseudomonas fluorescens plays a major role in biological control of pathogens and plant growth promotion as well with various mechanisms. The aim of the present study was to determine the biochemical characteristics of several Pseudomonas spp. isolates and to screen them against root pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp radicis-lycopersici (FORL) and to evaluate their effect on the growth enhancement of Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) I.C. Nielsen seedlings. About 28 Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates were isolated from the rhizosphere of several plants and identified based on their physiological and morphological characters as well as their biochemical reactions. All isolates were tested for their ability to suppress FORL growth in vitro. All isolates inhibited FORL growth with varying inhibition zones. Six P. fluorescens isolates showed highest inhibition zones, namely TMTP4, TMTP5, TMTP6, SCPA1, SCPB3 and Proradix. The results showed that eight Pseudomonas isolates, namely TMTP4, TMTP5, TMTP6, SCPA1, SCPB3, SMPB3, TMTA2 and Proradix had a significantly different effect compared to the control treatment in increasing the growth of Paraserianthes seedlings. Based on our findings, it was confirmed that some P. fluorescens isolates could be used as potential bio-inoculants for controlling plant diseases caused by FORL and as a biological fertilizer to increase plant growth.