bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Origem e Teor da Produção do Conhecimento a partir de Teses e Dissertações Nacionais sobre Custos no Setor Público
Authors: Drehmer Amanda Finck , Raupp Fabiano Maury
Published: August 2016

A importância da gestão de custos no setor público tem ficado cada vez mais evidente na medida em que se observa sua contribuição para o processo decisório, o controle gerencial, a elaboração de planejamento e o aumento da eficiência na prestação do serviço público. O presente trabalho buscou identificar a origem e o teor da produção do conhecimento a partir de teses e dissertações que se propuseram a investigar a temática de custos no setor público. Para tanto, foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações, onde foram localizados 41 trabalhos na área. Após a análise dos trabalhos identificou-se, dentre outros fatores, que: a partir de 2005 houve crescimento na quantidade de pesquisas sobre a temática; a origem dos estudos é, principalmente, da área de Administração e Contabilidade; a Saúde e a Educação destacam-se dentre as áreas de aplicação das pesquisas; a maioria das pesquisas tem como escopo a realização de diagnóstico em organização, o levantamento de informações de custos e proposta de um sistema de custos. Por fim, foi possível identificar lacunas e oportunidades de desenvolvimento de futuras pesquisas.
Supply Chain Planning for Random Demand Surges: Reactive Capacity and Safety Stock
Authors: Huang Lu , Song Jing-Sheng , Tong Jordan
Published: August 2016

Globalization, innovation, social media, and exposure to natural and man-made disasters have increased organizations’ need to cope with demand surges: random, significant increases in demand in an otherwise relatively stable demand environment. To build supply chain capabilities, organizations face a choice between two fundamentally different sourcing strategies—reactive capacity and safety stock. We develop a framework to guide the joint sourcing strategy that minimizes the long-run average cost under a target service level. A salient feature of our modeling framework is a novel demand model that captures important continuous-time, non-Markovian characteristics of demand surge trajectories. In addition to the total magnitude as typically modeled in the literature, we define several other metrics of surges, including duration, intensity, compactness, peak position, volatility, and frequency. The resulting optimization problem is challenging because it requires evaluating, for any sample path, whether surge demand can be satisfied at every point in time—a refined feature that traditional models do not have. To identify the optimal strategy, we first characterize the optimal production and deployment policy for any given strategy and then transform the original problem into two equivalent but more tractable problems. Finally, through stochastic comparison techniques, we show how the magnitude and predictability of surge demand characteristics (mentioned above) and the cost profiles of each strategy impact the optimal joint strategy.
Training and supervision: The associate practice teacher role
Authors: Kelly Patricia
Published: August 2016

Patricia Kelly looks back on her 2 years in post as associate practice teacher for health visitors and the challenges she has experienced along the way.
Developing an infographic of physical activity recommendations for the under-5s
Authors: Halnan Bridget
Published: August 2016

Bridget Halnan reports on the process undertaken to produce an infographic for health and early years practitioners to publicise the UK Chief Medical Officers' guidance for physical activity in the under-5s.
Development of a toolkit for health visiting service providers to measure the experiences of service users
Authors: Tallett Amy , Attwood Amanda , van Doorn Tamara
Published: August 2016

This research aimed to develop a toolkit that can be used by health visiting service providers to measure and understand the experiences of families accessing their services. An existing health visiting service user experience questionnaire was reviewed by key stakeholders to ensure it was nationally relevant, before being cognitively tested on service users. It was then piloted with two service providers in England using a three-stage postal methodology (an initial mailing followed by two reminders to non-responders). The survey was sent with a covering letter to 1200 parents who had recently accessed the health visiting service. The pilot yielded a 25% response rate and provided actionable feedback on key aspects of person-centred care, including accessing the health visiting service, emotional support, information provision and communication with staff. The new toolkit can be licensed by health visiting service providers to assist them with measuring the experiences of families accessing their services. The feedback can be used to facilitate improvements in care delivery and inform service provision, taking into account family needs as well as local and national priorities.
Recreating the Creation
Authors: Nelson Robert H.
Published: August 2016

In this excerpt from his forthcoming book, The New Holy Wars: Economic Religion versus Environmental Religion in Contemporary America, economist Robert H. Nelson provides examples of how current environmental religion is beset by underlying theological confusions. Intent upon restoring the natural world to a state prior to destructive human interventionwhether through trying to reintroduce extinct mega-fauna to the Americas or saving the endangered spotted owlenvironmentalists are unwittingly engaged in their own contradictory project of defying Darwinand playing God.
Google and the Cyber Infiltration
Authors: Li Xiaorong
Published: August 2016

Googles recent decision to withdraw its business from China in the wake of cyber censorship should lead other multinational corporations to recognize that ethical commitments should not be set aside for the purpose of market strategies.
Evaluation of arts-based interventions to improve awareness of selected hygiene and sanitation issues in slums of Ahmedabad, India
Authors: Trivedi Mayur , Patel Minjan
Published: August 2016

Slum dwellers have limited access to various services that form the foundation of good health. Thus, there is a need to improve their awareness of health and hygiene issues. This article is based on an assessment of arts-based participatory theatre interventions that aimed at improving health awareness among the slum dwellers of Ahmedabad. A two-phase quasi-experimental research involved measuring the target population’s knowledge ‘before’ the interventions of a pre-determined set of seven performances and repeating the same measurement ‘after’ it. The measurement involved surveys of 600 slum dwellers in two slums, one of which received interventions. An improvement was observed in knowledge pertaining to reasons for illnesses, as well as knowledge about safe drinking water and mosquito-breeding sites. The health campaign showed statistically significant improvement among sources of information for the benefits of hand washing and mosquito control. The three parameters of sources of information also point to ‘health campaign’ by a nongovernmental organization (NGO). This further endorses the effectiveness of the interventions. This research is a contribution in response to the growing need for evidence of the impact of performing arts on public health. Based on positive results, it is recommended that such efforts can be scaled up for health education and awareness purposes.
The gallery as therapeutic venue: Exploring visitor perceptions in a contemporary art space
Authors: Tischler Victoria , Carone Laura J. , Mistry Jiten
Published: August 2016

This prospective qualitative study explored the social and psychological impact of an exhibition at a contemporary art gallery. Three focus groups, including eight people aged 45–69, were held following a guided tour of an exhibition at Nottingham Contemporary gallery. The exhibition ‘Uneven Geographies’ featured the work of a variety of international artists focusing upon the politics of globalization through different media including film, installation and photography. Focus group transcripts were analysed using Braun and Clarke’s six-phase model of thematic analysis. Three themes were identified: (1) ‘It’s almost like a piece of a jigsaw puzzle’, (2) Interpreting the message and (3) Dissolving social barriers. Results indicated that the exhibition facilitated sense-making, that art interpretation was used as an educational tool, and attending the gallery promoted social inclusion. These findings confirm the potential of cultural institutions, to promote education, health and wellbeing at individual and societal levels.
Re-stitching and strengthening community: Three global examples of how doll-making translates into well-being in Indigenous cultures
Authors: Kandasamy Sujane , Anand Sonia , Wahi Gita , Wells Kate , Pringle Kirsty , Weatherall Loretta , Keogh Lyniece , Bailey Jessica , Rae Kym
Published: August 2016

Traditional doll-making has important meanings that translate into personal and communal identity. As one of the earliest discovered play artefacts, dolls are deeply intertwined with symbolic meanings around spirituality, rituals, familial histories and communal traditions. These values are especially important in Indigenous groups where health and well-being pivots on the preservation of cultural heritage. This article develops the theory on the well-being functions of doll-making through the exploration of three different practices in Indigenous cultures across the globe. We explore the Gomeroi Yarning dolls (Australia), Six Nations Cornhusk dolls (Canada) and Siyazama Zulu dolls (South Africa) to show that, through building the expression of local community-level identity, these dolls support Indigenous world-views around well-being. Specifically, the Gomeroi Yarning dolls encourage the sharing of oral personal narratives, the Six Nations Cornhusk dolls promote the transmission of cultural teachings, and the Siyazama Zulu dolls create community support networks through locally relevant HIV/AIDS awareness. As a result, local Indigenous communities are strengthened through the space that is created for a healing process, capacity building for problem-solving, and the reclaiming of Indigenous identity. All of these factors are important steps for moving forward from the silence, dealing with trauma and difficult situations, and thus transforming pain and grief through cross-cultural communication.
Exploring the uniqueness of congenital heart disease: An interdisciplinary conversation
Authors: Layton Sofie , Wray Jo , Leaver Lindsay-Kay , Koniordou Despina , Schievano Silvia , Taylor Andrew M. , Biglino Giovanni
Published: August 2016

An arts workshop investigated the process of communicating the notion of uniqueness with young people with congenital heart disease (CHD) and whether threedimensional (3D) visualization could be more effective than two-dimensional (2D) visualization for elaborating CHD anatomy and increasing awareness. Young people with CHD (n=7, 14–18 years old) were invited to a workshop by a multidisciplinary team (a visual artist, a bioengineer, two psychologists and an adolescent clinical nurse specialist). The artist guided the participants through self-portrait exercises, creative writing, painting a body map, discussions and reflections. Participants also discussed a range of 3D-printed heart models. Participants unanimously agreed that a 3D-sculpted self-portrait form was more immediate than a 2D portrait form for representing themselves. Body maps provided insight into their inner landscape. In discussing 3D heart models, different preferences emerged, at times contrasting or even opposed. The quality of engagement was excellent throughout. An interdisciplinary approach can be successfully used to explore the potentially sensitive theme of uniqueness in CHD.
Functional constipation and posture in defecation
Authors: Tanjung Fahrul Azmi , Supriatmo Supriatmo , Sinuhaji Atan Baas , Hakimi Hakimi
Published: August 2016

Background Functional constipation is often a consequence ofhabitual bowel elimination while sitting on common toilet seats.A considerable proportion of the population with n ormal bowelmovement frequency has difficulty emptying their bowels. Theprincipal cause of this problem may be the obstructive nature ofthe rectoanal angle and its relationship to the posture normallyused in defecation.Objective To assess the relationship between functional constipationwith the posture (sitting vs squatting) during defecationin children.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in November2010. Participants aged 12- 15 years were selected consecutivelyfrom a junior high school in Medan . Parents and children filledquestionnaires and were interviewed. Functional constipation wasassessed based on the Rome III criteria.Results Sixty-five students enrolled in the study. There was nostatistically significant diffe rences in subjects' characteristics.T here was a significant correlation between functional constipationwith posture during defecation in children (RR= 0.06, 95%CI0.02 to 0.25; P=0.0001). Functional constipation was more likelyoccured in children with sitting (12/20) th an squatting posture(4/45) during defecation.Conclusion We found th at posture in defecation is correlatedto functional con stipation in children.
Comparison of surgical vs. non-surgical closure procedures for secundum atrial septal defect
Authors: Helmy Mazdar , Djer Mulyadi M. , Pardede Sudung O. , Setyanto Darmawan B. , Rundjan Lily , Sjakti Hikari A.
Published: August 2016

Backgi-ound Surgery has been the standard therapy for secundumatrial septa! defect (ASD) closure, but it has significant associatedmorbidities related to st ernotomy, car diopulmonary bypass,complications, residual scars, and trauma. A less invasive nonsurgicalapproach with transcatheter devices was developed toocclude ASD. Amplatzer® septa! occluder (ASO) is a commondevice in transcatheter closure.Objective To compare two secundum ASD closure procedures,transcatheter closure by ASO and surgical closure, in terms ofefficacy, complications, length of hospital stay, and total costs.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on childrenwith secundum ASD admitted to the Cardiology Center ofCipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from January 2005 to December2011. Patients received either transcatheter closure with ASOor surgical closure procedures. Data was obtained from patients'medical records.Results A total of 112 secundum ASD cases were included in thisstudy, consisting of 42 subjects who underwent transcatheter closureprocedure by ASO and 70 subjects who underwent surgical closureprocedure. Procedure efficacies of surgery and ASO were not significantlydifferent (98.6% vs 95.2%, respectively, P= 0.555). However,subjects who underwent surgical procedures had significantly morecomplication s than subjects who underwent transcatheter closureprocedure (60% vs 28.6%, respectively, OR 1.61; 95%CI 1.19 to2.18; P= 0.001). Hospital stays were also significantly longer forsurgical patients than for transcatheter closure patients (6 days vs2 days, respectively, P< 0.0001). In addition, all surgical subjectsrequired intensive care. Transcatheter closure had a mean total costof 52.7 (SD 6.7) million Rupiahs while the mean cost of surgery was47 (SD 9.2) million Rupiahs (P< 0.0001) . Since the ASO devicecost represented 58% of the total cost of transcatheter closure, themean cost of transcatheter closure procedure without the deviceitself was less costly than surgery.Conclusion Transcatheter closure using ASO has a similar efficacyto that of surgical closure procedure. However, subjects whounderwent transcatheter closure have lower complication ratesand shorter length ofhosp ital stays than subjects who had surgery,but transcatheter closure costs are higher compared to the surgicalprocedure.
Incidence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Rasyidah Rasyidah , Fing Sujan Ali
Published: August 2016

Background Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of themain causes of visual impairment in premature infants.Objective To determine the incidence and risk factors for ROPin premature infants.Methods This retrospective study included premature infantsborn in Stella Maris Women's and Children's Hospital and admittedto the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and NeonatologyDepartment from November 2009 to May 2012. We included allpremature infants with body weight (BW) < 1500 g or gestationalage (GA) < 32 weeks, and selected infants with BW 1500 - 2000g or GA > 32 weeks with unstable clinical courses who had beenscreened for ROP. Data was analyzed with Fisher's exact test andindependent t test.Results Of the 48 premature infants in the study, ROP wasdetected in 6 (12.5%) of the subjects. Stages ofROPwere classifiedaccording to the International Classification ofRetinopathyof Prematurity. Stage 1 ROP was detected in 1 (2.1 %) subject;stage 2 ROP was detected in 3 (6.25%) subjects; and stage 3ROP was found in 2 ( 4.2%) subjects. The 2 infants with stage3 ROP required surgery. No ROP was detected in infants withGA ~30 weeks or BW > 1250 g. Respiratory distress syndrome(RDS), sepsis, blood transfusion, and apnea were found to beassociated with development ofROP. Duration of oxygen therapywas found to be a significant risk factor for ROP in a comparisonof the no ROP group to the ROP group: 14.0 (SD 9.508) daysvs. 3.81 (SD 5 .218) days, respectively (P<0.05). In addition,the duration of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)usage was also a significant risk factor for ROP, with 1.83 (SD1.329) days in the ROP group vs. 0.76 (SD 1.122) days in theno ROP group (P<0.05).Conclusions The incidence of ROP in the premature infants inour study is 12.5%. Retinopathy of prematurity is associated withlower BW, lower GA, lower Apgar score at the 5th minute, RDS, sepsis, apnea, blood transfusion, aminophylline usage, as well aslonger duration of oxygen therapy and CPAP usages.
Kant’s Criticisms of Ontological and Onto-theological Arguments for the Existence of God
Authors: Rukgaber Matthew
Published: August 2016

Kant’s objection to the ontological argument in the first Critique is thought to be contained within the claim that ‘existence is not a predicate’. This article maintains that this ‘digression’ on existence is not Kant’s main objection. Instead, Kant argues within the first eight paragraphs of this fourteen paragraph section that there is no meaningful predication - either logical or real - without a synthetic, existential judgment concerning the subject of predication. Thus, the very subject of predication of the proof (God) is an empty concept and an indeterminate nominal definition (rather than a real possibility) that allows for neither meaningful predication nor the generation of a contradiction. I argue that this objection is significantly different than classical objections that are often identified with it and from Kant’s objection in 1763. I also argue that Kant’s target is not simply the Cartesian argument but is also his own pre-critical onto-theological argument. There is little evidence that Kant continues to accept the a priori onto-theological argument, and, in fact, he rejects its core claims in his discussion of the ontological argument and in the final paragraphs of the section on the Ideal of Reason.
The Kantian Legacy in French Empiricism During the Early Nineteenth Century
Authors: Braverman Charles
Published: August 2016

Although one may hope to gain a better understanding of Kantianism through a discussion of Kantian arguments against empiricism, my paper will rather be devoted to the study of the ‘images’ of Kant which were spread in France at the beginning of the nineteenth century. Those images did not faithfully depict Kantianism but they described what French philosophers knew about Kant and they had some influence on the development of French philosophy at the time. Actually, I will show that the study of this reception of some images of Kant contributes to reveal what I call a ‘French empiricism’ but also a renewal of the attitude of some French philosophers toward experience. This French empiricism (which was in my opinion defended by the French Ideology and especially by its leaders: Destutt de Tracy and Cabanis) was characterised by a legacy from English philosophers (especially Bacon and Locke) and from Condillac’s sensualism. It was influenced by the genetic approach in order to explain all our ideas from experience, by the interpretation of experience as conscious effects of senses and also by the necessity of making and classifying experimentations. French empiricism was then especially characterised by a physiological and medical approach very interested in conscious efforts which were regarded as the beginning of the genesis of human intelligence. The French reception of Kantianism and its opposition to it reveal those characteristics of a French empiricism. However, this reception of Kantian philosophy was not only made of oppositions. Degérando, for instance, used some images of Kant and especially the idea of the activity of the subject in order to criticise what he saw as a traditional empiricism and to defend a ‘true’ ‘philosophy of experience
The Two Dogmas without Empiricism
Authors: Hall Bryan W.
Published: August 2016

In Two Dogmas of Empiricism W.V. Quine begins his attack on the analytic/ synthetic dogma by criticizing Immanuel Kant’s conception of analyticity. After dismissing Kant’s interpretation as well as others, he articulates a view of the analytic/synthetic distinction that connects it to the other dogma of empiricism, reductionism. Ultimately, Quine rejects both dogmas in favor of a new form of empiricism which subscribes to neither one. Just as Quine believes it is possible to accept empiricism without the dogmas, I will argue that the Kantian can accept both dogmas while avoiding the forms of empiricism that Quine considers in his article. The paper is broken into four sections. First, I offer a brief overview of the two dogmas and their relationship to one another before examining Quine’s argument against ‘radical reductionism’, i.e., the position that every meaningful sentence is translatable into a sentence about immediate experience that is either true or false. The second section shows how one of Kant’s arguments from the Critique of Pure Reason anticipates the crux of Quine’s argument against radical reductionism. What is left after this argument is only an ’attenuated form’ of reductionism that Quine believes is identical to the analytic/synthetic distinction. In the third section, I explain how Kantians can draw the analytic/ synthetic distinction in a way that is consistent with this attenuated form of reductionism while avoiding the objections that Quine lodges against the two dogmas. I argue that this allows the Kantian to accept the dogmas while avoiding both the radically reductive form of empiricism as well as the form of empiricism that Quine endorses (web-of-belief holism). Finally, I will consider how this Kantian version of the analytic/synthetic distinction can be extended beyond the theoretical domain to practical and aesthetic sentences
The Unconditioned and the Absolute in Kant and Early German Romanticism
Authors: Watkins Eric
Published: August 2016

This paper argues not only that Schelling, Novalis, and Friedrich Schlegel are reacting directly to Kant (rather than simply to each other and to other post-Kantian figures), but also that they are responding in complex ways to one particularly prominent and distinctive line of thought in Kant, namely his account of reason, conditions, and the unconditioned. Though Kant argues that we cannot have cognition of unconditioned objects, he none the less thinks that reason demands that we accept the existence of such objects. The paper argues that the German Romantics take over this general line of thought, though they do so in different contexts and to different ends. Specifically, focusing on this dimension of Kant’s thought allows us to see both how the logic of conditioning relations can be seen to be driving their arguments for the Absolute, and how Kant’s particular conception of conditioning relations gives rise to important differences from the views of the German Romantics. For whereas he distinguishes different kinds of real conditioning relations, they operate with a generic conception of conditioning that leads to their distinctive Romantic views.
Kant’s Cognitive Semantics, Newton’s Rule 4 of Experimental Philosophy and Scientific Realism Today
Authors: Westphal Kenneth R.
Published: August 2016

Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason contains an original and powerful semantics of singular, specifically cognitive reference which has important implications for epistemology and for philosophy of science (and which is entirely independent of Transcendental Idealism). Here I argue that Kant’s cognitive semantics directly and strongly supports Newton’s Rule 4 of Experimental Philosophy in ways which support Newton’s realism about gravitational force. I begin with Newton’s Rule 4 and its role in Newton’s justification of realism about gravitational force (§ 1). I then briefly summarize Kant’s semantics of singular cognitive reference (§ 2), and show that it is embedded in, and strongly supports, Newton’s Rule 4, and that it rules out not only Cartesian physics (per Harper) but also Cartesian, infallibilist presumptions about empirical justification generally (§ 3). This result exposes a key fallacy in Bas van Fraassen’s main argument for his anti-realist Constructive Empiricism, and in many common objections to realism (§ 4). These problems reveal yet a further important regard in which Constructive Empiricism is not (so to speak) ‘empirically’ adequate, not even to Classical Newtonian Mechanics (§ 5). This inadequacy of Constructive Empiricism highlights a chronic empiricist misunderstanding of Newton’s mechanics (§ 6). Finally, Kant’s cognitive semantics improves upon the semantic interpretation of scientific theories, and rectifies the presumption that laws of physics literally ‘lie’ (§ 7). Thus Kant and Newton still have invaluable lessons for contemporary philosophy and history of science (§ 8).
Kant on Doxastic Voluntarism and its Implications for Epistemic Responsibility
Authors: Cohen Alix
Published: August 2016

This paper shows that Kant’s account of cognition can be used to defend epistemic responsibility against the double threat of either being committed to implausible versions of doxastic voluntarism, or failing to account for a sufficiently robust connection between the will and belief. Whilst we have no direct control over our beliefs, we have two forms of indirect doxastic control that are sufficient to ground epistemic responsibility. It is because we have direct control over our capacity to judge as well as the epistemic principles that govern belief-acquisition that we have indirect control over the beliefs we thereby acquire.
The Influence of Self-Efficacy, Perceived Usefulness, Accessibility and Utilisation of Internet Resources as Determinants of Research Productivity of Lecturers in Universities of Agriculture in Nigeria
Authors: Ajegbomogun Fredrick Olatunji , Popoola Sunday Olarenwaju
Published: August 2016

High agricultural research productivity by scientists and the promotion of agricultural education through universities of agriculture is critical for Nigeria’s food security. This study examined the influence of self-efficacy, perceived usefulness, accessibility and utilization of Internet information resources as predictors of research productivity of lecturers in universities of agriculture in Nigeria. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. Data collected were analysed using percentages, mean, multiple Pearson correlation analysis and regression analysis. The results of these analyses revealed that selfefficacy, perceived usefulness, accessibility of Internet resources, and utilisation of Internet resources contributed significantly to research productivity of the respondents. The reports identified inconsistencies in public electric power output as well as inadequate infrastructural support, particularly telecommunication facilities. The study concluded that there is a need to give priority to self-efficacy when recruiting people for a lecturing jobs in the universities in order to develop an intrinsic drive for knowledge creation that will build positive attitudes towards enhancing research. Similarly, given the current trend in the communication revolution, there is also a need to overhaul the universities’ resources to enhance research productivity in developing countries.
Use and Perceptions of Online Academic Databases among Croatian University Teachers and Researchers
Authors: Dukić Darko
Published: August 2016

The purpose of this paper is to establish the extent to which Croatian university teachers and researchers use online academic databases in their work. In addition, the research looks into the ways they perceive certain aspects of database usage. The study focused on one university, but it is believed that the results could be replicated state-wide since the Croatian academic community is small and faces similar problems. The survey was conducted by means of a questionnaire. A total of 102 questionnaires were fully completed and used in the study. Apart from the descriptive statistics, inferential statistical methods were applied in order to analyze the differences between particular categories of users. The results show that 73.5% of respondents use online academic databases. These resources are more frequently used by university teachers holding a PhD, who are full, associate or assistant professors. It was also established that users assess online databases as an important source of information which reduces the time of research, but they also encounter certain difficulties in exploiting them. These refer primarily to the limited number of available commercial databases and the fact that full texts are often not accessible. The analysis of group differences revealed that with respect to gender, level of education and academic title, users had relatively uniform perceptions regarding online databases. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of online database users’ perceptions and needs. The results may also be useful in planning, designing and implementing training programs.
Do Islamic Succession Laws for Muslim Women Violate the Current Human Rights Framework? Developing an Ethical Working Model for Muslim Minority Nations
Authors: Thompson Brooke
Published: August 2016

Managing the issue of a Muslim minority has been an important question for some Western democracies over the last 50 years, and different states have implemented varying frameworks to grant some sort of group autonomy to Muslim minorities in a show of support for diversity. In recent years, however, scholarly analysis of these frameworks has exposed some of the vulnerabilities women from Islamic minorities face when navigating personal status systems. This article explores some of those frameworks and the ways democratic nations grapple with the rights granted to women under a human rights agenda, and the conflicting tension between these rights and the rights of women in Islamic personal status law. This article will focus particularly on Islamic inheritance laws and the way these laws interact with the legal systems of India and the United Kingdom. Part I will address the conflict between theories of liberal multiculturalism and feminism, and discuss the common desire for Muslim minorities to exercise some sort of control in the areas of personal status laws (being marriage, divorce, custody and inheritance). Parts II and III seek to contextualize and outline women’s rights within both the general international human rights framework and the Islamic inheritance law framework. Parts IV and V will then explore the two different ways that India and the United Kingdom grant autonomy to Islamic minorities and address vulnerabilities women face in a human rights context. Analysis of these systems will show that it remains questionable whether they comply with each country’s international law obligations. Finally, Part VI of this article will outline a proposed working model drawing on Shachar’s intersectionist approach to recognize and prioritize the multiple identities of Muslim women and the necessity for inter and intra group dialogue in resolving tensions between minority rights and the rights granted to women within the human rights framework.
The crystal structure of 4-[(benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethylene)-amino]-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one, C19H17N3O3
Authors: Aqlan Faisal M. S. , Nadeem Arshad Muhammad , Asiri Abdullah M. , Khan Khalid A. , Zayed Mohie E. M.
Published: August 2016

C19H17N3O3, monoclinic, P21/a (no. 14), a = 7.1173(4) Å, b = 25.051(2) Å, c = 9.3822(8) Å, β = 100.484(6)°, V = 1644.9(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0571, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1457, T = 296 K.
A cross-cultural gender analysis of the pragmatic functions of conceptual metaphor in Spanish and English newspapers
Authors: Pérez-Hernández Lorena
Published: August 2016

Most gender studies performed from a cognitive perspective focus on the description of metaphors underlying the conceptualization of men and women in different cultures. Little attention has been paid so far to gender-related aspects of the pragmatic uses of conceptual metaphors. This paper analyzes a corpus of opinion columns by two groups of contemporary Spanish and English journalists (male versus female journalists) with a view to identifying the pragmatic functions of the cognitive metaphors found in their discourse. Such metaphors have turned out to act as either mitigating or intensifying devices of the writers’ claims. From a gender perspective, a tendency has been observed for male journalists to use conceptual metaphors in order to intensify axiologically negative opinions or descriptions, while female journalists tend to make use of them for the mitigation of negative descriptions. In both cases, metaphor is also used for the creation of humor, but while male journalists do so by means of downgrading others, female journalists repeatedly play themselves down in an attempt to gain the readers’ sympathy through laughter. These general tendencies have been found to be largely modulated by culture-specific pragmatic factors (i. e. preference for indirectness) and maxims (i. e. Modesty and Approbation).
Meeting the Needs of a Complex Population: A Functional Health- and Patient-Centered Approach to Managing Multimorbidity
Authors: Sampalli Tara , Dickson Robert , Hayden Jill , Edwards Lynn , Salunkhe Arun
Published: August 2016

Individuals with multimorbidity have complex care needs along with significant impacts to their functional health and quality of life. Recent evidence-based and experience-based explorations have revealed the importance of patient perspectives and functional health management in improving care delivery and health outcomes for individuals with multimorbidity. The impact of managing multimorbidity is evident at multiple levels of healthcare – the individual, the provider, and the system. Our local experience dealing with these challenges has led to the development of a functional health model that includes patient perspectives in care delivery within the Integrated Chronic Care Service (ICCS) of the health authority in Nova Scotia. In this paper, we present a discussion of the challenges, guiding models, and service-level transformations that have been integrated into care delivery at the ICCS to meet the healthcare needs of people with multiple health conditions. We describe our redesign strategies for care team planning, treatment approach, and patient inclusion.
Impact of low refrigeration temperature on colour of milk
Authors: Paul-Sadhu S.
Published: August 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of low refrigeration temperatures on bacterial numbers that affect the colour in fluid pasteurised skim milk. Standard plate count increased at 2 and 5 °C with increasing storage days. Bacterial numbers were within the acceptable level at 2 °C until 17 days, beyond the shelf-life of 14 days compared to 5 °C. The decrease of pH in milk was observed with increasing bacterial numbers at both temperatures. The change of colour in the milk was determined using a colorimeter. Values of L* gradually started to change with increased storage days. The negative values of Hunter a* provided the evidence of green and the positive values of Hunter b* indicated the yellow colour in milk samples at the end of the storage day. Results showed increased bacterial numbers were correlated with the values of L*, a*, and b* obtained from the colour measurement. This study showed that even low refrigeration temperatures do not prevent microbiological, chemical, and sensorial changes in milk during storage, however, such changes are slowed down.
Associations between Western and Mediterranean-type dietary patterns and anxiety and stress
Authors: Kamali M. , Dastsouz F. , Sadeghi F. , Amanat S. , Akhlaghi M.
Published: August 2016

In this study we investigated the relationship between dietary patterns and anxiety and stress in adults living in Shiraz, Iran. In a cross-sectional design, 416 subjects (180 men and 236 women) aged 20 to 50 years were selected by stratified multistage random sampling. Dietary intakes were assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Mental health information was collected by depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS) questionnaire. Three major dietary patterns were extracted by factor analysis: vegetable, Western, and Mediterraneantype dietary patterns. Regression analysis showed a strong positive association between Western dietary pattern and anxiety (β=0.66; 95% CI: 0.03, 1.28), and stress (β=0.84; 95% CI: 0.1, 1.57). Also, there was an inverse association between Mediterranean-type dietary pattern and anxiety (β= ‒0.81; 95% CI: ‒1.43, ‒0.19). These associations remained statistically significant even after adjustments for demographic characteristics, physical activity, smoking, body mass index, and energy intake. No association was found between vegetable dietary pattern and any of the assessed psychiatric disorders.
Effect of replacing sucrose with tagatose and isomaltulose in Mandarin orange marmalade on rheology, colour, antioxidant activity, and sensory properties
Authors: Rubio-Arraez S. , Capella J.V. , Ortolá M.D. , Castelló M.L.
Published: August 2016

The aim of this study was to make mandarin orange marmalades, in which sucrose is replaced by sweeteners, such as tagatose and isomaltulose, which are non-cariogenic and have a low glycemic index. Analyses of rheology, colour, antioxidant activity, microbiology, and sensory properties were carried out on marmalades on their first day, and after 90, 180, and 360 days of storage. The results showed that marmalades made with healthy sweeteners had a less elastic character and were thinner in consistency than those made with sucrose. Lightness was shown to be highest in mandarin orange marmalades made with tagatose, although colour was stable for 180 days to one year of storage. Tagatose also enhanced the antioxidant activity of these marmalades. All marmalades were microbiologically stable. Finally, marmalades made with tagatose alone scored the highest for global acceptance and intention of buying by consumers.
Antilisterial active compound from lactic acid bacteria present on fresh iceberg lettuce
Authors: Ramos B. , Ferreira V. , Brandão T.R.S. , Teixeira P. , Silva C.L.M.
Published: August 2016

Pediococcus pentosaceus DT016, a bacteriocin producing strain, was isolated from fresh lettuce. A protein with antilisterial activity (bacDT016), between 11 to 17 kDa, was identified and characterized as the bioactive substance from the LAB culture. Highest bacteriocin production was noted after 15 h of growth. Antibacterial activity was affected by some enzymes and detergents, as well as by temperatures equal or above 80 ºC. DT016 strain contains an 1110 bp DNA fragment with homology to pediocin AcH/PA-1.
Enhanced β-mannanase production from alternative sources by recombinant Aspergillus sojae
Authors: Yatmaz E. , Karahalil E. , Germec M. , Oziyci H.R. , Karhan M. , Duruksu G. , Ogel Z.B. , Turhan I.
Published: August 2016

β-mannanases can degrade galactomannans to mannose and it has been used in various application areas. The aim of this study was to produce the β-mannanase from carob pod extract including different nitrogen sources. The best operation values for fermentation were determined to be 8% initial sugar concentration with 0.5% yeast extract, 100 r.p.m., and 7% inoculation rate, which yielded the maximum β-mannanase activity as 423.60 U ml–1. Effects of nitrogen sources on β-mannanase activity were also studied and it reached 695.6 U ml−1 by using 0.5% of ammonium nitrate as the nitrogen source at the determined optimum conditions. Results also showed that meat bone meal and soybean meal could be used as cost effective nitrogen sources based on achieved β-mannanase activity.
Physiological markers of biased decision-making in problematic Internet users
Authors: Nikolaidou Maria , Fraser Danaë Stanton , Hinvest Neal
Published: August 2016

Background and aims

Addiction has been reliably associated with biased emotional reactions to risky choices. Problematic Internet use (PIU) is a relatively new concept and its classification as an addiction is debated. Implicit emotional responses were measured in individuals expressing nonproblematic and problematic Internet behaviors while they made risky/ambiguous decisions to explore whether they showed similar responses to those found in agreed-upon addictions.

Methods

The design of the study was cross sectional. Participants were adult Internet users (N = 72). All testing took place in the Psychophysics Laboratory at the University of Bath, UK. Participants were given the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) which provides an index of an individual’s ability to process and learn probabilities of reward and loss. Integration of emotions into current decision-making frameworks is vital for optimal performance on the IGT and thus, skin conductance responses (SCRs) to reward, punishment, and in anticipation of both were measured to assess emotional function.

Results

Performance on the IGT did not differ between the groups of Internet users. However, problematic Internet users expressed increased sensitivity to punishment as revealed by stronger SCRs to trials with higher punishment magnitude.

Discussion and conclusions

PIU seems to differ on behavioral and physiological levels with other addictions. However, our data imply that problematic Internet users were more risk-sensitive, which is a suggestion that needs to be incorporated into in any measure and, potentially, any intervention for PIU.
Maybe you should blame your parents: Parental attachment, gender, and problematic Internet use
Authors: Jia Ronnie , Jia Heather H.
Published: August 2016

Background and aims

Prior research has generally established parental attachment as a predictor of problematic Internet use (PIU). However, findings across studies are inconsistent as to which factor(s) of attachment style (i.e., attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance) contributes to PIU. Another gap in the literature is that as most studies highlight the importance of maternal (over paternal) attachment security in inhibiting PIU, little research has examined the possibility of a gender difference, where maternal and paternal attachment securities may exert different influences on males and females.

Methods

An anonymous survey was completed by 243 undergraduate students in a public university in the U.S. Midwest. In addition to demographic information, the survey contained measurement scales to assess PIU and parental attachment (both maternal and paternal).

Results

Survey data show that (a) attachment anxiety, but not attachment avoidance, is significantly related to PIU and (b) gender significantly moderates this relationship, where paternal attachment anxiety leads to PIU in female students while maternal attachment anxiety contributes to PIU in male students.

Conclusions

This study deepens our understanding in the relationship between family upbringing, particularly parental attachment, and PIU. More specifically, attachment anxiety is found to be a significant predictor of PIU, but attachment avoidance is not. Also, contributing to the research literature is the finding of a significant gender effect in this relationship.
Enhanced electrokinetic bioremediation by pH stabilisation
Authors: Hassan Ikrema , Mohamedelhassan Eltayeb , Yanful Ernest , Bo Myint Win
Published: August 2016

A new technique to stabilise pH during electrokinetic bioremediation is investigated. The technique employs an anode and a cathode in the same compartment (anode−cathode compartment (ACC)) placed side by side at each end of the soil under treatment. Tests using ACC technique were performed along with control tests conducted using a conventional anode−cathode (CAC) configuration. The efficiency of ACC and CAC configurations in delivering nitrate inside soil was investigated. The results showed that, the pH values at the anode and the cathode compartments after CAC tests were around 2 and 11, respectively. For the ACC, the pH at the water compartments was between 7·2 and 7·8. The pore fluid pH at the end of the tests varied between 2·7 at the anode and 8·0 at the cathode in the CAC and remained close to the initial pH in the ACC. The nitrate concentration in CAC was high near the anode (2700 mg/l) but low in subsequent sections with lowest concentration near the cathode (105 mg/l). For the ACC, a relatively uniform nitrate concentration between 1300 mg/l and 800 mg/l was reported. The results showed that the novel ACC configuration is effective in stabilising the soil pH and distributing nutrients evenly across the soil.
Tea Polyphenols as Natural Products for Potential Future Management of HIV Infection - an overview
Authors: Sodagari Hamid Reza , Bahramsoltani Roodabeh , Farzaei Mohammad Hosein , Abdolghaffari Amir Hossein , Rezaei Nima , Taylor-Robinson Andrew W.
Published: August 2016

Belonging to the Lentivirus genus of animal retroviruses, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the etiological agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) which attacks cells of the immune system including CD4+ T lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. A rapid progression to immunodeficiency and the higher transmissibility of HIV-1 compared to HIV-2 are hallmarks of the worldwide spread of AIDS. Conventional HIV treatments are limited by drug toxicity and by multi-drug resistance, caused by the high genetic variability of HIV. This has led researchers into new areas of drug discovery in search of novel therapeutic molecules. Accumulating evidence indicates that tea polyphenols possess a range of beneficial properties including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, neuro-protective, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and anti-viral effects. The anti-HIV infection potential of tea polyphenols has been confirmed by several preclinical studies. This suggests that polyphenol-rich extracts of tea could be used as dietary supplements as part of a combined therapeutic regimen with conventional anti-HIV drugs. Phenolic structures may also be considered as backbones for the discovery of a new generation of anti-HIV remedies. This review provides a perspective on the anti-HIV activity of tea polyphenols and their development as a possible source of future drugs for the therapy of HIV/AIDS.
Опыт стратегического планирования России
Authors: Погребинская Вера Александровна
Published: August 2016

Статья посвящена научному обзору этапов разработки методологии стратегического планирования в России. Актуальность темы связана с тем, что современные варианты социально-экономической стратегии России недостаточно учитывают отечественный опыт в области методологии долгосрочного планирования. Обращение к разработанной методологии, с учетом ошибок в ее практической реализации, позволит выработать конкретные методы взаимодействия долгосрочных, среднесрочных и текущих целей развития России, опирающиеся на прогнозируемую динамику объективных условий их реализации.