bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eficiencia de uso de nitrógeno en el cultivo de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Authors: Marouani Amel , Harbeoui Youcef
Published: April 2016

En Túnez, la fertilización nitrogenada de la papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) conjuga la utilización de fertili-zantes minerales con dosis altas, aunque esto no significa alcanzar los rendimientos esperados.  Para evaluar la productividad de papa y la eficiencia de uso de N en el sistema de explotación tunecino se reali-zó un experimento en el Centro Técnico de la Papa y de la Alcachofa (CTPTA), Saïda - Manouba.  Se usa-ron tres tratamientos de N (0, 50 y 200 kg/ha) y tres variedades de papa: Spunta, Bellini e Atlas.  El obje-tivo de este trabajo fue la evaluación de la eficiencia del uso de N en las condiciones agronómicas tuneci-nas del cultivo de papa a partir de la determinación del efecto de distintos dosis de N sobre los parámetros de crecimiento y de desarrollo de la planta y la fijación de la dosis óptima de N que permite el mejora-miento del rendimiento del cultivo.  Los resultados mostraron que los mayores rendimientos y N extraído por los tubérculos se encontraron con las disponibilidades más elevadas de N (200 kg/ha).  El cálculo del coeficiente del uso aparente de N mostró una baja eficiencia del uso de este nutriente.  Con base en el método de la balanza de suministro, la concentración de los nitratos en profundidad fue alta.  El software MABIA-Región fue útil para medir la pérdida de nitratos por drenaje.
Sistemas de polinización en granadilla (Passiflora ligularis Juss.) como base para estudios genéticos y de conservación
Authors: Arias Suárez Juan Carlos , Ocampo Pérez John , Urrea Gómez Ramiro
Published: April 2016

Por su agradable sabor y contenido nutricional, la granadilla (Passiflora ligularis Juss.) es una de la principales especies frutales de la región Andina tropical.  A pesar de su importancia, existe poca información relacionada con los sistemas de polinización que permitan determinar la compatibilidad genética en la especie.  Por esta razón, en el presente estudio se estableció la efectividad de los polinizadores naturales y el porcentaje de autopolinización para mejoramiento genético de la especie.  La investigación se realizó en la granja Tesorito (Manizales, Caldas) a 2340 msnm (17 °C, HR 78%, BS 1215 horas/año y pluviosidad de 1800 mm/año).  En cinco tratamientos, se evaluó la efectividad de la polinización natural y asistida en 42 accesiones de granadilla originarias de 10 departamentos colombianos.  La fase de antesis inicia a las 3:00 h y finaliza a 5:00 h, siendo más activa durante los últimos 60 minutos (70%).  La granadilla alcanzó hasta 34.3% de formación de frutos por autopolinización espontánea, no obstante la intervención de un vector animado (Xylocopa spp.) incrementó significativamente la formación de los frutos (70%).  La precipitación fue la única variable que presentó una alta correlación en todos los tratamientos de polinización (r = -0.70), demostrando un efecto negativo en ellos.  El conjunto de resultados sugieren que P. ligularis es una especie autofértil, pero el flujo génico y la productividad dependen de los agentes polinizadores.  Estos polinizadores deben ser conservados e integrados en los planes de manejo del cultivo, debido a que proporcionan un servicio reproductivo y ecosistémico.
The Use of Data Mining for Strategic Management: A Case Study on Mining Association Rules in Student Information System / Upotreba rudarenja podataka u strateškom menadžmentu: analiza slučaja upotrebe pravila pridruživanja rudarenja podataka u informacijs
Authors: Onan Aytuğ , Bal Vedat , Yanar BAYAM Burcu
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn today’s competitive conditions changes in business environment and business structures make strategic management an effective form of management for business and organizations. Strategic management is a current management strategy that requires setting of the appropriate strategies, plans and applications and putting them into action in order to reach the aims and goals of organizations. The process of strategic management involves setting the company’s vision, mission and objectives, determining the competitive position, and the evaluation of results obtained by strategy selection, development and application. In the application of activities related to the strategic management of business processes, the discipline of data mining, which can be defined as the process of extracting useful and meaningful patterns from large volumes of data, emerges as a viable method. In this study, strategic management and data mining disciplines and their basic concepts and applications are introduced. Apart from that, data mining methods in the context of strategic management are taken into consideration. In addition, a sample case study about the use of association rule mining algorithms in student information systems data will be presented.Key words: business intelligence; data mining; educational data; knowledge discovery.---Sažetak  U današnje vrijeme kada je konkurencija svugdje jaka, promjene u poslovnom okruženju i poslovnim strukturama čine strateški menadžment učinkovitim oblikom menadžmenta u kompanijama i organizacijama. Strateški menadžment je suvremena strategija koja zahtijeva postavljanje odgovarajućih strategija, planova i programa, kao i njihovo provođenje da bi organizacije postigle svoje ciljeve. Proces strateškog menadžmenta podrazumijeva određivanje vizije, misije i ciljeva kompanije, određivanje njezine konkurentnosti i evaluaciju rezultata dobivenu odabirom, razvojem i primjenom strategije. Primjenom aktivnosti povezanih sa strateškim menadžmentom u poslovnim procesima disciplina rudarenja podataka pokazala se jako uspješnom metodom. Ona se može definirati kao proces izdvajanja korisnih i smislenih uzoraka iz veličinom golemih podataka. U ovom istraživanju prikazuju se discipline strateškog menadžmenta i rudarenja podataka, kao i njihovi osnovni pojmovi i primjena. Osim toga, u obzir su uzete metode rudarenja podataka u kontekstu strateškog menadžmenta. Uz to će se još prezentirati i primjer analize slučaja o upotrebi algoritama pravila pridruživanja u rudarenju podataka u sustavu podataka o studentima. Ključne riječi: otkrivanje znanja; poslovna inteligencija; podaci o obrazovanju; rudarenje podataka.
Efficacy of the Bioherbicide Thaxtomin A on Smooth Crabgrass and Annual Bluegrass and Safety in Cool-Season Turfgrasses
Authors: Wolfe Joseph C. , Neal Joseph C. , Harlow Christopher D. , Gannon Travis W.
Published: April 2016

Recent trends favoring organic and sustainable turfgrass management practices have led to an increased desire for biologically based alternatives to traditional synthetic herbicides. Thaxtomin A, produced by the bacteriumStreptomyces scabies, has been reported to have PRE efficacy on broadleaf weeds, but efficacy of thaxtomin A on annual grassy weeds and safety to newly seeded cool-season turfgrasses have not been reported. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate PRE efficacy of thaxtomin A on smooth crabgrass and annual bluegrass. Monthly applications of thaxtomin A from April to July controlled smooth crabgrass through July but did not provide season-long control equivalent to an industry standard PRE herbicide. An initial application of thaxtomin A at 380 g ai ha−1followed by two applications at 190 or 380 g ha−1at 4-wk intervals provided season-long annual bluegrass control similar to an industry standard PRE herbicide. At 380 g ha−1, thaxtomin A reduced tall fescue and perennial ryegrass cover when applied 1 wk before seeding, at seeding, or 1 wk after seeding but was safe at other application timings. Up to three applications of thaxtomin A at 380 g ha−1at 4-wk intervals did not reduce perennial ryegrass cover. Applications to creeping bentgrass resulted in unacceptable turfgrass injury. These results suggest that thaxtomin A can suppress annual grassy weeds in tall fescue or perennial ryegrass turf when applied at least 2 wk before or after seeding. Furthermore, repeated applications of thaxtomin A can provide effective PRE control of annual bluegrass during overseeded perennial ryegrass establishment.
Target and Nontarget Resistance Mechanisms Induce Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Resistance to Atrazine, Amicarbazone, and Diuron
Authors: Svyantek Andrej W. , Aldahir Phillipe , Chen Shu , Flessner Michael L. , McCullough Patrick E. , Sidhu Sudeep S. , McElroy J. Scott
Published: April 2016

Annual bluegrass is a weed species in turfgrass environments known for exhibiting resistance to multiple herbicide modes of action, including photosystem II (PSII) inhibitors. To evaluate populations of annual bluegrass for susceptibility to PSII inhibitors of varied chemistries, populations were treated with herbicides from triazolinone, triazine, and substituted urea families: amicarbazone, atrazine, and diuron, respectively. Sequencing of thepsbAgene confirmed the presence of a Ser264to Gly amino acid substitution within populations that exhibited resistance to both atrazine and amicarbazone. A single biotype, DR3, which lacked any previously reportedpsbAgene point mutation, exhibited resistance to diuron, atrazine, and amicarbazone. DR3 had a significantly lower rate of absorption and translocation of atrazine and had enhanced atrazine metabolism when compared with both the Ser264to Gly resistant mutant and susceptible biotypes. We thus report possible nontarget mechanisms of resistance to PSII-inhibiting herbicides in annual bluegrass.
Investigation on shear fracture behaviour of strain-hardening cementitious composites
Authors: Zhang Yongxing , Bai Shu , Yang Yan , Zhang Xueming
Published: April 2016

This paper presents a scheme of double-plane shear testing to investigate the shear transmission mechanism of strain-hardening cementitious composite (SHCC) after crack opening; the focus is on the shear stress transfer behaviour on the crack surface of the SHCC, contributed by both the contact effect of the matrix and the fibre bridging effect on the crack surface. The experimental results demonstrate that the transferred shear stress on the crack surface of the SHCC is contributed by both the contact effect of the matrix and the fibre bridging effect on the crack surface until peak shear stress, whereas after the separation of the crack surfaces, it is influenced solely by the fibre bridging effect. It is confirmed that the fibre bridging effect on the crack surface of SHCC has considerable influence in the shear fracture behaviour of SHCC.
Banking Consolidation and Small Firm Financing for Research and Development
Authors: Chang Andrew C.
Published: April 2016

This paper examines the effect of increased market concentration of the banking industry caused by the Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act (IBBEA) on the availability of finance for small firms engaged in research and development (R&D). I measure the financing decisions of these small firms using a balanced panel of Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) applications. Using difference-in-differences, I find IBBEA decreased the supply of finance for small R&D firms. This effect is larger for late adopters of IBBEA, which tended to be states with stronger small banking sectors pre-IBBEA.
PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE: Addressing violent crime in South Africa
Authors: Masuku Sibusiso
Published: April 2016

South Africa’s high levels of violent crime have a significant effect on people’s lives. A review of the trends and risk factors associated with violent crime begs the question about who should be leading the effort to prevent violence? The South African Police Service currently has this responsibility – but is this appropriate? And which other departments should be playing a greater role?
DO UNTO OTHERS – AND PAY THE PRICE: Combating sexual violence in the south of Johannesburg
Authors: Andersson Neil , Mhatre Sharmila
Published: April 2016

By the time they turn 18 years of age, 20% of teenage girls and 13% of teenage boys living in the southern parts of Johannesburg have experienced sexual abuse. Constant exposure to sexual violence has forced them to choose between humiliation and survival. Faced with a no-win situation, a study by CIETafrica has shown that the youth have developed attitudes that allow them to see themselves as survivors. However, this has come at a cost – in this case, the development of a culture of sexual violence. More effective police and legal action in registering rape cases and in prosecuting and convicting perpetrators could contribute to reversing this culture.
SOUTH AFRICA’S HEART OF DARKNESS: Sex crimes and child offenders : some trends
Authors: Redpath Jean
Published: April 2016

It is a source of great concern that the number of sexual offences committed by children is apparently on the increase. Given that the Child Justice Bill provides for a separate criminal justice process for children, and stricter provisions for child sex offenders, this article explores some of the relevant trends in this regard. The management of child sex offenders appears inconsistent, and very often no appropriate intervention is made at all. Calculating the actual incidence of child sex offenders is difficult, but some data suggests that children might be responsible for a significant proportion of sexual crimes committed against other children.
PROTECTING OUR CHILDREN AND YOUTH: How social service delivery can prevent crime
Authors: Frank Cheryl
Published: April 2016

The Departments of Education, Health and Social Development bear the main responsibility for taking care of South Africa’s children through the fulfilment of their core functions, as well as various interdepartmental programmes. These services and programmes provide many important opportunities for crime prevention. This article assesses the potential of these three departments to help prevent crime among children and youth up to the age of 18.
ENFORCING FEAR: Police abuse of sex workers when making arrests
Authors: Fick Nicolé
Published: April 2016

Together with other research (see SA Crime Quarterly No 15 2006), this Cape Town based study shows that the highest levels of violence against sex workers come from the police. Far from guaranteeing the rights of the accused, police officers’ actions against sex workers when making an arrest are characterised by criminal activity including theft, assault and rape. Moreover, the minimum use of force is rarely applied when arresting sex workers. These findings reflect a worrying lack of respect for the basic human and constitutional rights of the most vulnerable in South African society.
WELL WORTH THE WAIT? The Sexual Offences Bill in 2006
Authors: Combrinck Helene
Published: April 2016

The Sexual Offences Bill finally seems to be winding its way to conclusion in parliament. It has taken three years to reach this point since its first introduction in 2003, raising serious questions about the government’s sense of urgency in addressing sexual assault. This article looks at the Bill to establish what it really holds for victims of sexual assault.
CO-ORDINATED SERVICE DELIVERY: Local government’s efforts to make Cato Manor safer
Authors: Goodenough Cheryl
Published: April 2016

Safety and security policy suggests that local government should play a central role in creating safer environments. This article describes how the Cato Manor Area Based Management (ABM), part of the eThekwini Municipality, has embraced this suggestion by striving to develop a sustainable co-ordinated approach to crime and safety in Durban’s Cato Manor area.
WELL INTENTIONED BUT MISGUIDED? Criminalising sex workers’ clients
Authors: Fick Nicole
Published: April 2016

The Portfolio Committee on Justice and Constitutional Development has inserted a new clause in the Sexual Offences Bill that will criminalise the clients of sex workers, with the specific intent to protect women and children from exploitation. In reality it has the potential to cause real harm to the women it aims to protect. Although it is possible that the Committee hoped to level the playing field ‘so that women who sell sex are not the only ones guilty of an offence, but also the men who purchase it’ (Gould 2006), sex workers will be most affected because they will now have to protect the clients who are their only source of income.
COUNTERING THE ‘SCOURGE’: The time for evidence and reason on human trafficking
Authors: Gould Chandré
Published: April 2016

Since the late 1990s South African media have drawn attention to the problem of human trafficking and called for state intervention to stop the practice. Reports by several non-governmental organisations have referred to the growing plague of human trafficking, particularly that of women and children for purposes of sexual exploitation. A recent, in-depth study of the sex work industry in Cape Town by the ISS and SWEAT calls into question allegations that there is large-scale trafficking into the sex work industry and suggests that a law enforcement approach may not be the most appropriate way to counter the problem.
HOW WE REALLY GOT IT WRONG: Understanding the failure of crime prevention
Authors: Pelser Eric
Published: April 2016

In the previous issue of the SA Crime Quarterly, Antony Altbeker argued that the country’s decision after 1994 to ‘place the prevention of crime at the centre of the strategic vision for the criminal justice system’ undermined the building of an effective criminal justice system and may have led to the country’s high crime levels. In response to Altbeker’s article which is based on his new book A country at war with itself. South Africa’s crisis of crime (published by Jonathan Ball), this article explains why his arguments leave one both disappointed and despairing.
Why history has repeated itself: The security risks of structural xenophobia
Authors: Monson Tamlyn , Misago Jean-Pierre
Published: April 2016

The South African government declared last year's xenophobic attacks over on 28 May 2008. As early as July 2008, it began to assure displaced foreigners that conditions were favourable for their return to affected communities, and that it would be safe to do so. Yet in the past year there have been repeated attacks in a number of the same communities that fell victim to immigration-control-by-mob in 2008. Why? In this article we argue that the state's reluctance to protect and assist foreigners in the past perpetuates violence, social instability and injustice – for nationals and non-nationals alike. We examine the source of this reluctance, and show how it creates the conditions for weak protection and judicial responses.
Money down the drain: The direct cost to government of alcohol abuse
Authors: Budlender Debbie
Published: April 2016

Soul City has recently embarked on a multi-year campaign that aims to prevent and reduce violence through focusing on alcohol abuse. This article describes an exercise commissioned by Soul City to estimate the expenditure allocations and expected revenue of national and provincial government departments in South Africa that can be attributed to alcohol abuse. The article highlights, in particular, the estimates derived for the security-related departments, namely Safety and Security, Correctional Services, Justice and Constitutional Development, and the national and provincial departments responsible for policing. The article concludes with suggestions regarding areas that would benefit from further investigation.
Going the extra mile: Police training on domestic violence
Authors: Combrinck Heléne , Wakefield Lorenzo
Published: April 2016

As anticipated by the drafters of the Domestic Violence Act (DVA),the South African Police Service holds the key to the successful implementation of the Act. Over the past ten years, researchers and independent bodies tasked with monitoring the implementation of this legislation have consistently called for more training for police officials on how to deal with domestic violence. However, the reality is that police officials already receive such training. The question that therefore arises is why these training programmes appear to be ineffective in ensuring compliance with the DVA. A recently completed research and advocacy project found that although the majority of SAPS members interviewed had a basic understanding of the DVA and its key concepts, their ability to apply its provisions in practical problemsolving scenarios was often limited, leading to the recommendation that training methodologies should be more practice-oriented if they are to improve DVA compliance.
The Traditional Courts Bill: Controversy around process, substance and implications
Authors: Weeks Sindiso Mnisi
Published: April 2016

This article introduces the Traditional Courts Bill (B15-2008). The Bill has caused controversy, and drawn criticism from rural communities and civil society. Key to the concerns raised was the flawed consultative process that the Department of Justice and Constitutional Development followed in bringing the Bill before parliament. In addition, substantive concerns raised about the Bill relate to the implications its provisions will likely have for rural citizens. The article discusses a number of major concerns that have been raised against the Bill and concludes with a brief assessment of the Bill in light of the Constitutional Court's decision in Tongoane and Others v National Minister for Agriculture and Land Affairs and Others.
Towards a third phase of regulation:
Authors: Berg Julie , Nouveau Jean-Pierre
Published: April 2016

With the legislative review of police oversight currently taking place in South Africa, now is a good time to reflect on the regulation of the private security industry. This article does so by focusing on three challenges to the current private security regulatory systems: the increased pluralisation of policing within public spaces; the operation of hidden sectors within the industry; and the nature of criminal abuses perpetuated by the industry. We do this to demonstrate the need for a re-imagining of what regulation, especially state regulation, of this industry should entail. The aim of the article is not to review the current legislation or to identify gaps and propose means of filling those gaps, but rather to reflect on the underlying premises informing the legislation and propose a shift in thinking. We do this by briefly identifying two phases of state regulation in South Africa, implemented before and after the change to a new democratic dispensation, and suggest that we are now entering a third phase of regulation. We conclude with suggestions as to what this third phase may entail.
IS THE ACT WORKING FOR CHILDREN? The first year of implementation of the Child Justice Act
Authors: Wakefield Lorenzo
Published: April 2016

The Child Justice Act 75 of 2008 mandates the Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development to report annually on the implementation of the Child Justice Act to the Parliamentary Portfolio Committee on Justice and Constitutional Development. On 1 April 2011 a year had passed since the implementation of the Child Justice Act. This article interrogates the annual report presented to parliament on the first year of implementation of the Act, and concludes that it is not possible to accurately assess whether the Child Justice Act was implemented fully during the year, as the statistics provided in the annual report by different departments are unclear and incomparable. The article also reflects those aspects of the Act that have been implemented.
Book Review: The Drug Effect
Authors: Kriegler Anine
Published: April 2016

No abstract
Seeing the person, not just the number: Needs-based rehabilitation of offenders in South African prisons
Authors: Herbig Friedo Johann Willem , Hesselink Ann-Mari Elizabeth
Published: April 2016

South Africa has one of the highest crime and recidivism rates in the world. Although widely accepted that crime is a complex and multi-nodal social phenomenon, it is indubitably causally linked to South Africa’s historical and current socio-political circumstances, poverty and  unemployment, as well as the ineffective rehabilitation and treatment of offenders. Anecdotal evidence suggests that offenders are often apportioned the blame for reoffending and written off as incorrigible, without any real reflection on the efficiency and/or relevance of the prison programmes to which they were subjected to begin with. Accurate and relevant assessment of criminogenic risk factors is not only  connected to the major outcomes of meta-analyses, but forms the foundation for treatment-planning and decision-making pertaining to risk and safety, and ultimately abstinence from aberrant behaviour. This article critically addresses the issue of South African needs-based offender rehabilitation in a systemic and diagnostic manner by aligning theory with relevant case scenarios in order to expose the essence of the therapeutic challenges in the South African custodial environment.
A powerful toof of justice: Paralegals and the provision of affordable and accessible legal services
Authors: Schönteich Martin
Published: April 2016

In many parts of Africa, a quiet revolution is transforming the delivery of legal assistance to pre-trial detainees and accused persons. Too poor to afford the services of a lawyer, and unable to rely on inadequate – or nonexistent – state-funded legal aid systems, many Africans are at the mercy of often oppressive and corrupt criminal justice systems. This is beginning to change as paralegals – who are less expensive and more accessible than lawyers – are empowering the poor and marginalised in their interactions with police, prosecutors, and the courts. In almost two dozen countries across Africa, paralegals are providing a critical service, particularly in the early stages of the criminal justice process. They provide primary legal aid services that often no one else is providing, which in turn results in the elimination of unnecessary pre-trial detention, the speedy processing of cases, diversion of young offenders, and reduction of case backlogs. Some paralegal services also provide food and medical supplies to people in detention. They may also be present at police stations in order to deter ill-treatment and forced confessions. Paralegals play a valuable role in reducing prison overcrowding by locating the family members of pre-trial detainees and facilitating bail hearings. This article gives an overview of paralegal services in a number of African countries, and shows how these services are assisting thousands of pretrial detainees and accused persons to access justice in environments where legal services are scarce or non-existent.
A PROVINCIAL CONCERN? Political killings in South Africa
Authors: Bruce David
Published: April 2016

Politically motivated killings have occupied a relatively marginal position as an issue of public concern in South Africa since 1994. This may reflect the provincial nature of the problem, since such killings have mainly occurred in KwaZulu-Natal, with a much smaller number occurring in Mpumalanga and even fewer recorded elsewhere. Based on a scan of documentary information, this article estimates that there have been approximately 450 political killings in KwaZulu-Natal since 1994, with most having taken place in the mid and late 1990s and just under 25% (107) since 2003. The root of the problem in KwaZulu-Natal may be the militarisation of the province during the apartheid period. Some political killings in the province continue to be linked to inter-party conflict that has roots in that time. However, political killings since the end of apartheid are mostly linked to local political rivalries and connections to criminal networks, notably in the taxi industry. Though the problem is concentrated in specific provinces it is likely to impact on political life in South Africa more broadly.
‘PALE FACE’/ ‘POINTY FACE’: SA criminology in denial
Authors: Henkeman* Sarah
Published: April 2016

This paper responds to key aspects of Bill Dixon’s article, Understanding ‘Pointy Face’: What is criminology for? It suggests that criminology should unambiguously be ‘for’ social justice in South Africa’s transhistorically unequal context. South African prison statistics are used as a conceptual shortcut to briefly highlight racialised constructions of crime, the criminal and the criminologist. A trans-disciplinary conceptual approach, as a more socially just way to understand violent crime in South Africa, is proposed. A methodological framework,which draws on the notion of cultural-structural-direct violenceand intersectional theory,is presented. These extend Bill Dixon’s call for criminology to include history, structure, human psyche and biography5 and resonates with Biko Agozino’s call for a ‘counter-colonial’ criminology.The paper ends by returning the Eurocentric gaze of most South African criminologists, calling them out on their denial about trans-historical violence that implicates ‘Pale Face’ in the violence of ‘Pointy Face’.
WHITE HOBBY/BLACK OPPORTUNITY: Perceptions and motivations of police reservists in Johannesburg
Authors: Forster-Towne Claudia
Published: April 2016

This article discusses the racialised and dichotomous way in which suburban reservists articulate their motivations for joining the South African Police Service (SAPS); namely, that white reservists are believed to join as a hobby whereas black reservists join for an opportunity to gain employment. Using interviews, this article illustrates how these perspectives are tied to broader societal expectations, which are informed in and through race and class relations. It concludes with a call for further research to build on this largely exploratory research.
History versus customary law: Commission on Traditional Leadership: Disputes and Claims
Authors: Peires Jeff
Published: April 2016

This article examines the practices of the Commission on Traditional Leadership: Disputes and Claims, set up under the Framework Act of 2003 to ‘cleanse’ the institution of traditional leadership by ridding it of the illegitimate traditional leaders installed during the colonial and homeland eras. Close analysis of the Commission’s hearings and determinations with regard to kingship claims by the Western Mpondo and Mpumalanga Ndebele shows that the Commission violated not only the historical past but even the limited constraints of binding legislation, in order to impose its own preferences in the name of custom. The experience of the Commission therefore highlights one of the most fundamental deficiencies in the Framework Act, namely insisting on the guiding role of ‘custom’ while failing to define the meaning of the term and its implications.
Recensiones
Authors: Iparraguirre Joel
Published: April 2016

Recensiones
Vad vet vi om den ryska pappan? Utvecklingen av faderskapsnormer från ett historiskt och internationellt perspektiv
Authors: Åberg Pelle
Published: April 2016

What do we know about fatherhood and norms concerning fatherhood in Russia? This article investigates this question using previous research and the contemporary state-discourse. Family and parenthood have been important parts of the state-discourse during the last decades due to the demographic situation in Russia. However, at the same time, fathers are more or less absent from the discourse while mothers and children are occurring frequently. With this as a background, the role of the father is examined, in the past and in the present. This is done using previous research on Soviet and Russian fatherhood, with the aid of knowledge gained through fatherhood studies in other national contexts as well as current policy documents and presidential speeches. The results show that norms concerning fatherhood are closely connected to the sociopolitical context and changes in welfare systems and in the gender contract. The development of fatherhood models differ between Russian and West European, and American, experiences. In today’s Russia there are competing discourses, suggesting that the role of the father is contested. There is evidence of both a marginalized fatherhood model, a legacy from Soviet times, of the traditional breadwinner model of fatherhood as well as of a more nurturing and active type of fatherhood.
(Published: April 2016)
Citation: Pelle Åberg (2016) »Vad vet vi om den ryska pappan? Utvecklingen av faderskapsnormer från ett historiskt och internationellt perspektiv». Nordisk Østforum 30 [1] 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17585/nof.v30.393
METHOD OF CALCULATION OF THERMAL PROPERTIES FOR BUILDING ENVELOPES WITH SCREEN INSULATION
Authors: VYTCHIKOV Yuri Serafimovich , SAPAREV Mikhail Evgen'evich
Published: April 2016

The present research is performed in the framework of energy and resources conservation measures promotion in civil engineering. It introduces the perspectives of using thermal isolation in outer building envelopes and in air ventilation and conditioning systems insulation. The paper analyses the use of thermal screen isolation in building envelopes and air ventilation systems and proves that at the moment there is no methodology able to calculate these constructions in the existing engineering practice. The authors conducted a physical experiment to get reliable data on thermal screen isolation properties taking expanded polyethylene as a sample material. The results of the experiment as well as the obtained thermal conduction coefficient are presented in the paper. On the basis of the numerical data the authors introduce a verified methodology of calculation of thermal properties for building envelopes with screen insulation.
STUDY OF FLOW AERODYNAMICS IN A CHANNEL WITH DUMBBELL-SHAPED DIMPLES
Authors: FEDOTENKOV Ivan Dmitrievich , TSYNAEVA Anna Aleksandrovna
Published: April 2016

The paper deals with the study of aerodynamic resistance in a channel with dumbbell-shaped dimples on the surface and with smooth walls. It has been found that the hydraulic resistance of a channel with dumbbell-shaped dimples is higher than of a smooth one. The surface of the channel of the proposed design is also higher. It can be used for the intensification of heat transmission in recuperative heat exchangers of ventilation systems. The numerical study of the flow in a rectangular channel with one-sided arrangement of dimples of proposed geometry has been carried out. It has been determined that the use of such dimples at small flow rates near the inlet (1-0.5 m/s) will increase the rate of gas flow near the surface with dimples in comparison with a smooth wall to 20 %. When the flow rate near the inlet is 16.5 m/s, the areas with lower rates appear near the dimples.
RATE OF GAS (VAPOR) BUBBLE FLOATING UP DURING THE PROCESS OF BUBBLE AERATION AT DIFFERENT MODES
Authors: LOUKS Aleksandr Leonidovich , KRESTIN Evgeny Aleksandrovich , MATVEEV Andrey Grigor'evich , SHABANOVA Anna Vsevolodovna , KITAEV Aleksandr Irikovich
Published: April 2016

Speeds of free emersion of bubbles (the viscous mode of emersion) are investigated, at emersion of bubbles as quasifi rm sphere under Stokess law. Emersion speeds at deformations of bubbles from spherical to griboobrazny are considered; at the square law of resistance of emersion of large bubbles, at the slow expiration of gas in the landlocked volume of liquid from an opening. Infl uence of geometry of channels on the speed of emersion of bubbles is analyzed. For processing of experimental data semi-empirical methods of the theory of similarity are used.
Registro Electrónico de Adherencia al Tratamiento de Esquizofrenia en Latinoamérica (e-STAR): Resultados clínicos del uso de risperidona inyectable de liberación prolongada a dos años de seguimiento
Authors: Apiquián Rogelio , Córdoba Rodrigo , Louza Mario , Fresán Ana
Published: April 2016

La esquizofrenia genera elevados costos al sistema de salud. La falta de adherencia al tratamiento es una de las principales causas de recaídas y hospitalizaciones en la esquizofrenia. Lo anterior conduce a un pobre pronóstico y deterioro funcional de los pacientes. La risperidona inyectable de liberación prolongada (RILP) ha demostrado su eficacia en el tratamiento de la esquizofrenia, ofreciendo la posibilidad de que los pacientes tengan una mayor adherencia terapéutica. Objetivo: Determinar la eficacia y efecto sobre la funcionalidad y el uso de recursos hospitalarios de la RILP en una muestra de pacientes con esquizofrenia de América Latina a dos años de seguimiento. Método: El Registro Electrónico de Adherencia al Tratamiento de Esquizofrenia en Latinoamérica (e-STAR) es un estudio observacional del uso de la RILP en la esquizofrenia. Se reclutaron pacientes de México, Colombia y Brasil. Se registró la información clínica del paciente un año previo al inicio del tratamiento con la RILP y de forma prospectiva cada tres meses hasta cumplir los 24 meses de seguimiento. Se registraron las hospitalizaciones y el esquema de tratamiento con la RILP. La escala de Impresión Clínica Global-Gravedad (CGI-S) se utilizó como indicador de eficacia mientras que la Escala Global de Funcionamiento (GAF) y la Escala de Desempeño Personal y Social (PSP) se utilizaron para evaluar el funcionamiento. Resultados: Setenta y tres pacientes completaron los dos años de seguimiento. La proporción de pacientes hospitalizados disminuyó del 16.4 al 4.1% después de dos años de tratamiento con la RILP. El 2.7% descontinuó el tratamiento debido a falta de eficacia. Se observó una mejoría significativa en cuanto a la gravedad del padecimiento y el funcionamiento global. Discusión: En la práctica clínica cotidiana, la RILP resulta ser un tratamiento a largo plazo efectivo para la esquizofrenia con el beneficio adicional de una menor utilización de recursos del sistema de salud.
Anorexia nervosa: experiencias familiares sobre el inicio del padecimiento, el tratamiento, la recaída y la remisión
Authors: González-Macías Laura , Romero Martha , Rascón María Luisa , Caballero Alejandro
Published: April 2016

Antecedentes: La anorexia nervosa es un padecimiento de la conducta alimentaria en el que se ha observado que la familia desempeña un papel relevante, ya que una grave disfunción familiar puede ser un factor de riesgo y mantener la sintomatología. La participación de la familia en el tratamiento incrementa la posibilidad de éxito. La presente investigación pretende contribuir con un análisis de la forma en la que los propios sujetos que padecen anorexia nervosa y sus padres, conviven con el padecimiento y narran su historia. Material y métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio cualitativo y un análisis de narrativa por ejes temáticos de acuerdo al modelo de Kolher Riessman. Los informantes se eligieron de acuerdo a un muestreo teórico no probabilístico y se realizaron entrevistas a profundidad focalizadas. Se eligió a una familia para este reporte. Resultados: La familia analizada estuvo conformada por tres miembros: la madre, el padre y la hija con anorexia nervosa, presentándose conductas excesivamente rígidas que oscilan entre el control y la impulsividad. La paciente funciona como confidente de la madre, en tanto que el padre se muestra rígido y exigente. El tratamiento duró tres años aproximadamente en impasse ya que la paciente no mostró ninguna evolución. Discusión: En los cuatro momentos de la evolución del padecimiento se observó que cada uno de los participantes tenía diferentes puntos de vista. En la bibliografía se menciona la relación simbiótica de la hija con la madre y la relación periférica establecida con el padre, en la información obtenida en este caso se confirma esa estructura. Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos son un primer paso para conocer las experiencias de cada uno de los integrantes de la familia durante el inicio de la enfermedad, el tratamiento, la recaída y las expectativas que se tienen en cuanto a la remisión del padecimiento.
Usos de la Internet y teléfono celular asociados a situaciones de riesgo de explotación sexual de adolescentes
Authors: Gutiérrez Rafael , Vega Leticia , Rendón Abraham Ernesto
Published: April 2016

Se reporta una investigación que tuvo por objetivo identificar los usos de la Internet y la telefonía celular que podrían poner a niñas y niños en riesgo de contacto con situaciones asociadas a la explotación sexual: enganchamiento en línea, consumo de pornografía y producción de imágenes sexualizadas y humillantes. Se aplicaron cuestionarios a 147 adolescentes de 13 años y tres meses de edad en promedio. Resultados: El 66.2% de los hombres y el 71.4% de las mujeres reporta tener Facebook, seguido de Hi5 (69%) y My Space (43.3%). Se observa que los adolescentes de ambos sexos proporcionan su nombre (64.7% de los hombres y 78% de las mujeres) y edades reales en las redes sociales. El 79.6% de las y los encuestados reportan que les agrada platicar en el Chat o el Messenger. Un porcentaje importante (el 64.1%) lo ha llevado a cabo con personas desconocidas. El 53.1% de la población reporto conocer a algún amigo con una imagen sexualizada de su persona a través de un celular (28.6% hombres y 11.6% mujeres). Estas imágenes fueron compartidas con los amigos (reportado por el 77.1% de los hombres y el 62.8% de las mujeres), pero otras fueron subidas a la Internet (34.3% hombres y 37.2% mujeres) y una minoría se vendió (8.6% hombres y 2.3% mujeres). El trabajo señala que la información verídica de la persona proporcionada sin restricción alguna por los adolescentes en las redes sociales y su interacción con desconocidos en chats, son indicadores de navegación insegura en la Internet. La investigación cualitativa indica que dichos actos ocurren cuando las adolescentes buscan popularidad. Además, el documento discute el consumo de pornografía de los adolescentes como reproducción de un tipo de hombría “caliente por naturaleza” y señala que la producción de imágenes sexualizadas ocurre en contextos donde se combina la diversión con la transgresión sexual.
Adolescent adjustment in at-risk families: The role of psychosocial stress and parental socialization - Ajuste adolescente en familias en situación de riesgo: El rol del estrés psicosocial y de la socialización parental
Authors: Lorence Lara Bárbara , Hidalgo García Ma. Victoria , Dekovic Maja
Published: April 2016

Introducción: El estudio de factores asociados con problemas internalizantes y externalizantes en adolescentes que viven en familias en riesgo es objeto de interés reciente en salud mental en España. La presencia de problemas de salud mental en menores y adolescentes es demasiado frecuente en estas familias debido a la alta y variada exposición a factores de riesgo, así como a la falta de elementos de protección que les rodean. Sin embargo, pocos estudios han examinado la contribución que factores específicos hacen a cada tipo de problemas de salud mental en adolescentes de familias españolas en riesgo. Este estudio intenta contribuir al conocimiento en este campo, analizando el papel de dos dimensiones frecuentemente relacionadas con el ajuste adolescente: estrés psicosocial y socialización parental. Asimismo, este estudio trata de identificar si ambas dimensiones predicen de forma diferente los dos tipos (internalizantes y externalizantes) de problemas de salud mental en adolescentes de familias en situación de riesgo. Metodología: La muestra se compone de 134 adolescentes españoles (56 chicas y 78 chicos) con una media de edad de 13.52 (DT=1.57). Estos adolescentes crecieron en familias que estaban recibiendo una intervención psicosocial por parte de los Servicios Sociales españoles por razones de preservación familiar. El diseño de esta investigación es de carácter transversal y descriptivo. Los instrumentos administrados permitieron recabar datos sobre problemas de salud mental, estrés psicosocial, socialización parental y la intervención recibida por los Servicios Sociales. Resultados: Los modelos de regresión múltiple jerárquica mostraron que ambos dominios (estrés psicosocial y socialización parental) estuvieron significativamente relacionados con los problemas de salud mental, pero emergió un patrón de resultados diferentes para cada tipo de problemas. Cuando la comorbilidad entre ambos problemas fue controlada, el estrés psicosocial estuvo significativamente relacionado con los problemas internalizantes, mientras que la socialización parental se asoció con los problemas externalizantes. Discusión y conclusiones: Este estudio subraya la importancia de distinguir entre los dos problemas de salud mental analizados y hace hincapié en que, tanto la mejora en la socialización de los progenitores como el entrenamiento de los adolescentes en habilidades sociales positivas que permitan afrontar adecuadamente acontecimientos estresantes, deben ser contenidos fundamentales en los programas de intervención destinados a familias en situación de riesgo psicosocial.
Síntomas depresivos y rendimiento escolar en estudiantes de Medicina
Authors: Fouilloux Morales Claudia , Barragán Pérez Virginia , Ortíz León Silvia , Jaimes Medrano Aurora , Urrutia Aguilar María Ester , Guevara-Guzmán Rosalinda
Published: April 2016

La prevalencia de depresión en estudiantes de medicina es significativamente más alta que la presentada en la población general o en estudiantes de otras licenciaturas y puede dar como resultado el abandono de los estudios, de tal manera que el creciente número de estudiantes que han sido dados de baja debido a su mal rendimiento o a sus indecisiones vocacionales pudiera tener relación con la presencia de este padecimiento. Objetivo y metodología: Identificar si los síntomas depresivos que presentaban los estudiantes de primer año de la licenciatura de Médico Cirujano estaban asociados con un bajo rendimiento. Participaron 774 estudiantes del primer ano de la carrera de Médico Cirujano (66.4% mujeres, 33.6% hombres; media de edad: 18.6 ?} 1.7 anos). Se utilizo el Inventario de Beck para Depresión y la subescala de Depresion del SCL90 (Symptom Check-List). Análisis estadístico. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, ?2, t de Student y regresión logística. Resultados: El porcentaje de estudiantes con sintomas depresivos fue de 23% (hombres 12.3%, mujeres 28.4%), con una diferencia significativa en la presencia de síntomas depresivos entre mujeres y hombres estudiantes de medicina (OR=2.8). El 68% de los alumnos que tenían síntomas depresivos reprobaron alguna materia, lo que supuso un mayor riesgo de reprobación de 2.4 veces, comparados con quienes no tenían dicha sintomatología. Las variables sexo y sintomatología depresiva resultaron ser factores relacionados con el bajo rendimiento escolar, con un riesgo mayor para los estudiantes con síntomas (OR=2.2, IC95%=1.56–3.20). Conclusiones: La sintomatología depresiva es un factor de riesgo importante para reprobar alguna asignatura o tener un bajo rendimiento escolar.