bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Capabilities and Firm Performance in the High-Tech Industry: Quadratic and Moderating Effects under Differing Ambidexterity Levels
Authors: Peng Michael Yao-Ping , Zhang Zhaohua , Yen Hsin-Yi , Yang Shu-Mi
Published: September 2019

This study uses the perspectives of dynamic capabilities and ambidexterity to investigate the direct effect of the development of an organization’s explorative and exploitative capabilities on organizational tensions and performance. We employed a sample of high-tech Taiwanese firms to test our hypotheses and surveyed the informants’ knowledge about their companies. We sent out 1000 questionnaires and received 234 valid responses, yielding a 23.4% effective response rate. The results also indicated that the consideration of incorporating balanced and combined dimension ambidexterity would benefit high-tech firms and help them facilitate higher performance. In summary, based on the results of previous studies, this study divided dynamic capabilities into exploitation capabilities and exploration capabilities, and divided ambidexterity into combined and balanced dimensions, so as to redefine the relationship between dynamic capabilities, ambidexterity and organizational performance from the perspective of tension, thereby enhancing the connotations of dynamic theory.
Real-Time Prediction of the Rheological Properties of Water-Based Drill-In Fluid Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Elkatatny Salaheldin
Published: September 2019

The rheological properties of drilling fluids are the key parameter for optimizing drilling operation and reducing total drilling cost by avoiding common problems such as hole cleaning, pipe sticking, loss of circulation, and well control. The conventional method of measuring the rheological properties are time-consuming and require a high effort for equipment cleaning, so they are only measured twice a day. There is a need to develop an automated system to measure the rheological properties in real-time based on the frequent measurements of mud density, Marsh funnel time, and solid percent. The main objective of this paper is to apply a modified self-adaptive differential evolution technique to determine the optimum combination of an artificial neural network’s variables to precisely predict the rheological properties of water-based drill-in fluid using the frequent measuring of mud density, Marsh funnel time, and solid percent. The second objective is whitening the black box of an artificial neural network by developing five new empirical correlations to determine the rheological properties without the need for the artificial neural network models. Actual field measurements (900 data points) were used to train, test, and validate the artificial neural network models and the developed empirical correlations. The optimization process illustrated that the best training function was Bayesian regularization backpropagation (trainbr), and the best transferring function was Elliot symmetric sigmoid (elliotsig). The optimum number of neurons was 30 for the plastic viscosity and the flow consistency index, while it was 29 for apparent viscosity, yield point, and the flow behavior index. The developed artificial neural network models and empirical correlations predicted the rheological properties with high accuracy. The correlation coefficient (R) was more than 90%, and the average absolute percentage error was less than 8.6%. The new technique for rheological properties estimation is an example of the new development which will help the new generation to discover and extract oil and gas with less cost and with safer operations.
A Hybrid Active Filter Using the Backstepping Controller for Harmonic Current Compensation
Authors: Daou Nora , Montoya Francisco G. , Ababssi Najib , Djeghader Yacine
Published: September 2019

This document presents a new hybrid combination of filters using passive and active elements because of the generalization in the use of non-linear loads that generate harmonics directly affecting the symmetry of energy transmission systems that influence the functioning of the electricity grid and, consequently, the deterioration of power quality. In this context, active power filters represent one of the best solutions for improving power quality and compensating harmonic currents to get a symmetrical waveform. In addition, given the importance and occupation of the transmission network, it is necessary to control the stability of the system. Traditionally, passive filters were used to improve energy quality, but they have endured problems such as resonance, fixed remuneration, etc. In order to mitigate these problems, a hybrid HAPF active power filter is proposed combining a parallel active filter and a passive filter controlled by a backstepping algorithm strategy. This control strategy is compared with two other methods, namely the classical PI control, and the fuzzy logic control in order to verify the effectiveness and the level of symmetry of the backstepping controller proposed for the HAPF. The proposed backstepping controller inspires the notion of stability in Lyapunov’s sense. This work is carried out to improve the performance of the HAPF by the backstepping command. It perfectly compensates the harmonics according to standards. The results of simulations performed under the Matlab/Simulink environment show the efficiency and robustness of the proposed backstepping controller applied on HAPF, compared to other control methods. The HAPF with the backstepping controller shows a significant decrease in the THD harmonic distortion rate.
Naja atra Cardiotoxin 3 Elicits Autophagy and Apoptosis in U937 Human Leukemia Cells through the Ca2+/PP2A/AMPK Axis
Authors: Chiou Jing-Ting , Shi Yi-Jun , Wang Liang-Jun , Huang Chia-Hui , Lee Yuan-Chin , Chang Long-Sen
Published: September 2019

Cardiotoxins (CTXs) are suggested to exert their cytotoxicity through cell membrane damage. Other studies show that penetration of CTXs into cells elicits mitochondrial fragmentation or lysosome disruption, leading to cell death. Considering the role of AMPK-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in mitochondrial biogenesis and lysosomal biogenesis, we aimed to investigate whether the AMPK-mediated pathway modulated Naja atra (Taiwan cobra) CTX3 cytotoxicity in U937 human leukemia cells. Our results showed that CTX3 induced autophagy and apoptosis in U937 cells, whereas autophagic inhibitors suppressed CTX3-induced apoptosis. CTX3 treatment elicited Ca2+-dependent degradation of the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) catalytic subunit (PP2Acα) and phosphorylation of AMPKα. Overexpression of PP2Acα mitigated the CTX3-induced AMPKα phosphorylation. CTX3-induced autophagy was via AMPK-mediated suppression of the Akt/mTOR pathway. Removal of Ca2+ or suppression of AMPKα phosphorylation inhibited the CTX3-induced cell death. CTX3 was unable to induce autophagy and apoptosis in U937 cells expressing constitutively active Akt. Met-modified CTX3 retained its membrane-perturbing activity, however, it did not induce AMPK activation and death of U937 cells. These results conclusively indicate that CTX3 induces autophagy and apoptosis in U937 cells via the Ca2+/PP2A/AMPK axis, and suggest that the membrane-perturbing activity of CTX3 is not crucial for the cell death signaling pathway induction.
A 19 Year Analysis of Small Mammals Associated with Human Hantavirus Cases in Chile
Authors: Torres-Pérez Fernando , Palma R. Eduardo , Boric-Bargetto Dusan , Vial Cecilia , Ferrés Marcela , Vial Pablo A. , Martínez-Valdebenito Constanza , Pavletic Carlos , Parra Alonso , Marquet Pablo A. , Mertz Gregory J.
Published: September 2019

Small mammals present in areas where hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) cases had occurred in central and southern Chile were captured and analyzed to evaluate the abundance of rodents and seroprevalence rates of antibodies to Andes orthohantavirus (ANDV). Sampling areas ranged from the Coquimbo to Aysén regions (30–45° S approx.) regions. Ninety-two sites in peridomestic and countryside areas were evaluated in 19 years of sampling. An antibody against ANDV was detected by strip immunoassay in 58 of 1847 specimens captured using Sherman traps. Of the eleven species of rodents sampled, Abrothrix olivacea, Oligoryzomys longicaudatus and Abrothrix hirta were the most frequently trapped. O. longicaudatus had the highest seropositivity rate, and by logistic regression analysis, O. longicaudatus of at least 60 g had 80% or higher probability to be seropositive. Sex, age and wounds were significantly related to seropositivity only for O. longicaudatus. Across administrative regions, the highest seropositivity was found in the El Maule region (34.8–36.2° S), and the highest number of HCPS cases was registered in the Aysén region. Our results highlight the importance of long term and geographically extended studies, particularly for highly fluctuating pathogens and their reservoirs, to understand the implications of the dynamics and transmission of zoonotic diseases in human populations.
System Dynamics Approach to Groundwater Storage Modeling for Basin-Scale Planning
Authors: Bates Guy , Beruvides Mario , Fedler Clifford B.
Published: September 2019

A system dynamics approach to groundwater modeling suitable for groundwater management planning is presented for a basin-scale system. System dynamics techniques were used to develop a general model for estimating changes in net annual groundwater storage. This model framework was applied to two inland groundwater basins in California and tested against groundwater depletion data developed by the United States Geological Survey. Changes in net groundwater storage developed from these models were compared to values from numerical models provided by the United States Geological Survey. The basin-specific models were able to replicate changes in net annual groundwater storage volumes for 1-year and 5-year periods at a level suitable for planning, with R2 values ranging from 0.88 to 0.93. At the 10-year prediction period, R2 values ranged from 0.83 to 0.91. The results of this research illustrate that a system dynamics model using observed relationships between components may be capable of predicting behavior for the purposes of groundwater management planning.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Applied to Atherosclerosis Hemodynamics: A Brief Review
Authors: Fernanda Sodré  , Alex Álisson Bandeira Santos  , Luzia A. Tofaneli  , Turan D. Oliveira
Published: September 2019

In recent years, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been applied to biological systems for the study of physiological properties and the development of new medical devices. It has also been used for the hemodynamic evaluation of care in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. This article presents a brief analysis of the application of Computational Fluid Dynamics in hemodynamics in atherosclerosis, with a review of CFD in the study of blood flow, and in the medical area.
Теоретичні підходи до визначення державної інвестиційної політики
Authors: Fedorchak Olʹha
Published: September 2019

Узагальнено теоретичні підходи до визначення поняття “державна інвестиційна політика”. Встановлено, як у науковій літературі з державного управління трактується ця категорія. Опи-сано види державної інвестиційної політики. Обґрунтовано важливість упровадження активної інвестиційної політики в державному управлінні.
Effect of stirring device on CuO dissolution by glycine
Authors: Lakhel Nadir , Djerad Souad
Published: September 2019

In this study the leaching of CuO particles by glycine, an environmentally friendly leachant, was investigated under different conditions. It was found that the variation of glycine and NaOH concentrations as well as CuO loading influenced slightly the dissolution of CuO while temperature, the volume of solution and the nature of stirring impacted greatly the dissolution process. Magnetic and mechanical stirring registered inverse effects. In fact, increasing the volume of solution from 105 to 405 mL decreased the dissolution of CuO from 100% to 26.2% registered after 180 min respectively under magnetic stirring, while it increased from 43.5% to 91.7% respectively under the same conditions with mechanical stirring. Thus, the nature of stirring is a crucial parameter that may radically change the dissolution results. The dissolution was found to be controlled by chemical reaction.
A Revolutionary Feeling of Justice?
Authors: Vasilyev Pavel
Published: September 2019

This article explores the intellectual history of the concept of “feeling of justice” and related concepts and the attempts to make them central to legal practice in the context of early 20th century Russia. It starts by tracing the emergence of new modes of thinking about judicial emotion in fin-de-siècle Russian Empire and accounts for both international and local influences on these ideas. It further examines the development of these theories after the 1917 Russian Revolution and notes both continuities and ruptures across this revolutionary divide. Finally, the article explores the attempts to put these radical ideas into practice by focusing on the experimental legal model of “revolutionary justice” that was employed in Soviet Russia between 1917 and 1922 which highlights the discrepancies between bold utopian projects and harsh material realities of the revolutionary period.
Her Ass Empowers Us: The Power of Erotic Capital Through the Career of Zaskia Gotik
Authors: Setiawan Adib Rifqi
Published: September 2019

This work briefly describes how Zaskia Gotik—as an Indonesian singer, dancers, and model known popularly with Goyang Itik—uses her erotic capital. The results is Zaskia Gotik uses her erotic capital to made a career from it outweighs her educational qualifications. The career of Zaskia Gotik reveals that the economic benefits of being physically and socially attractive can be substantial—especially in marketing, public relations, television, advocacy in the courts, as well as for singers and dancers.
RESTRUKTURISASI NOMENKLATUR ORGANISASI PERANGKAT DAERAH DI KABUPATEN SINJAI
Authors: Aljurida A.M Azhar
Published: September 2019

Pelaksanaan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 84 Tahun 2000 dipandang tidak sesuai dengan keadaan dan perkembangan penataan pemerintah daerah sehingga perlu disempurnakan dengan ditetapkannya Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 8 Tahun 2016 Tentang Perangkat Daerah, restrukturisasi perangkat daerah dikabupaten Sinjai dilakukan refungsionalisasi untuk memberikan struktur organisasi yang lebih efektif dan e Pelaksanaan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 84 Tahun 2000 dipandang tidak sesuai dengan keadaan dan perkembangan penataan pemerintah daerah sehingga perlu disempurnakan dengan ditetapkannya Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 8 Tahun 2016 Tentang Perangkat Daerah, restrukturisasi perangkat daerah dikabupaten Sinjai dilakukan refungsionalisasi untuk memberikan struktur organisasi yang lebih efektif dan efisien, metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan normative. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan restrukturisasi yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah kabupaten sinjai melalui berbagai tahapan diantaranya,  a. urusan pemerintahan yang menjadi kewenangan daerah; b. intensitas urusan pemerintahan dan potensi daerah; c. efisiensi; d. efektivitas; e. pembagian habis tugas; f. rentang kendali; g. tata kerja yang jelas; dan h. fleksibilitas. susunan perangkat daerah ini juga melalui ditetapkan berdasarkan peraturan daerah, setelah mendapatkan persetujuan dari menteri dalam negeri. efisien, metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan normative. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan restrukturisasi yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah kabupaten sinjai melalui berbagai tahapan diantaranya,  a. urusan pemerintahan yang menjadi kewenangan daerah; b. intensitas urusan pemerintahan dan potensi daerah; c. efisiensi; d. efektivitas; e. pembagian habis tugas; f. rentang kendali; g. tata kerja yang jelas; dan h. fleksibilitas. susunan perangkat daerah ini juga melalui ditetapkan berdasarkan peraturan daerah, setelah mendapatkan persetujuan dari menteri dalam negeri.
Effects of Hydrochemistry of Urban Runoff in Surface Water Quality in Enugu Urban Area, Enugu State, South-East Nigeria.
Authors: E.N. Obuka , V.U. Okwu-delunzu , K. Chukwu
Published: September 2019

Bacterial contamination of water and its associated human health problems are of concern to most people because surface water diseases have troubled human populations for centuries. The aim of this research is to determine the effects of hydrochemistry of urban runoff on surface water quality in Enugu urban area. The water samples were collected from six major rivers in the study area (Ekulu, Asata, Aria, Idaw, Ayo and Ogbete river) with 13 stations of runoff measurement in Enugu urban area. Physico-chemical data was collected by dividing the basin into 13 sub-catchments areas and these were confined mainly within the existing layout. The water samples collected from various strategic points from the study area were analyzed through laboratory tests. The first layer consists of Physical, chemical, and microbiological parameter. These were summarized and imported for statistical analysis and data processing. The result shows that rivers in the study area were highly polluted. The
average quantity of Faecal Coliform in Enugu urban River was 17066.67cfu, and average Total Coliform pollution 25400 cfu. These changes were as a result of human and animal excreta flushed into surface water via runoff. The study noted that the physical, chemical and microbiological parameter of the basin, as well as geographical dispositions, combined with anthropogenic factors, are strong causative factors
of runoff which causes pollution in surface water quality in the study area. Physio-chemical characteristic shows the hydrochemistry properties of runoff and the extent of pollution in surface water in the study area. The work recommends that there should be effective enforcement of legislation and improve in construction of modernize drainage channel which will collect discharge instead of channelling waste to rivers.
Aspectos socioeconômicos da pesca artesanal no Estuário da Lagoa dos Patos (RS): Estudo de caso na Colônia de Pescadores Z-3
Authors: Daitx de Oliveira Vitória , Sacco dos Anjos Flávio , Velleda Caldas Nádia , Novo da Silva Fernanda
Published: September 2019

Este artigo aborda a realidade da pesca artesanal no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos, mais precisamente na localidade correspondente à Colônia Z-3, situada no 2º distrito de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. O foco da pesquisa foi justamente conhecer a realidade dos pescadores e das famílias que vivem desse ofício, bem como os principais problemas enfrentados e as soluções por eles apontadas. Os dados analisados revelaram que os grandes desafios recaem sobre os efeitos produzidos pela escassez da água salgada, pelo baixo preço pago pelo pescado, pelas leis que regulam a atividade, pelas normas que regem o período de defeso e pela diminuição progressiva do volume da pesca. O presente estudo se reveste de importância ao elucidar os principais entraves que atualmente limitam o desenvolvimento sustentável da atividade pesqueira dentro de uma zona carente de apoio público e privado, bem como de políticas públicas que melhorem as condições de vida da população que ali habita.
Produtos da sociobiodiversidade no PAA e PNAE: Instrumentos de gestão operacional no PNAE
Authors: Vilhena Manoel Ricardo , Alves junior Almiro , Ferreira de Freitas Alair
Published: September 2019

O artigo analisa a execução de duas políticas públicas de acesso ao mercado institucional – o Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA) e o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) – e tem por objetivos problematizar a participação dos produtos da sociobiodiversidade nesse mercado e propor alguns instrumentos de identificação da participação e monitoramento desses produtos no PNAE. A metodologia utilizada é baseada em revisão teórica bibliográfica, análise de documentos institucionais, normativas de legislação em vigência e indicadores de resultados. Como resultado, propõe-se que as aplicações desses instrumentos possam tornar mais eficiente a gestão administrativa e operacional do PNAE, ampliando a participação dos produtos da sociobiodiversidade nesse programa.
Estilos de aprendizaje: estrategias de enseñanza en LUZ
Authors: Ortega Engels , Casanova Ilya , Paredes Itala , Canquiz Liliana
Published: September 2019

The development of the future professional graphic design requires the constant use of didactic and financial resources for learning, the product of a growing market and with greater demands due to global growth. This directs the way to the use of teaching strategies in correspondence with the style of student learning that strengthen their potentialities. The objective is to evaluate the learning styles present in the students assigned to the Graphic Design program of FADLUZ, to generate teaching and motivational strategies that stimulate their learning. A descriptive and field research was considered, the sample consisted of 59 Students active and enrolled in the curricular units of the Instrumental Axis of the Graphic Design Program of the FADLUZ who were administered the Kolb Learning Styles Inventory of 1985 through a form in Google Form. Most students learn using Reflective Observation (OR) and are inclined primarily to two learning styles. The Assimilator with 51% followed by Divergent with 32% identified that the trend is towards a more balanced learning. To conclude that the identification of the type of learning style in Graphic Design students does not lead to a particular type of active teaching strategy, even though efforts can be focused on the design of activities, selection of educational material, presenting information, creating or not working groups and modifying the aspects to be evaluated. It is important for the student to identify their learning style to strengthen their training process. Likewise, motivation should be fostered that fosters the interest to learn, without neglecting the fact of knowing what strategies can be implemented according to the style of learning.
Halal Tourism Opportunities And Challenges In East Java
Authors: Priyono Otto Andri
Published: September 2019

The Ministry of Tourism has made East Java province a national halal tourism development area. This is supported by the existence of various religious tourism objects, natural and artificial tourism objects, organizing annual cultural events and adequate infrastructure. The purpose of this study is to review the potential and formulate halal tourism development strategies in East Java. This study uses secondary data with qualitative methods and SWOT analysis techniques. Internal analysis shows the strengths and weaknesses as well as external analysis shows the opportunities and challenges of weakness in the development of halal tourism in East Java. Strength factors include the diversity of tourist destinations, infrastructure supporting tourist mobility, and the level of tourist visits. Weakness factors include promotion and branding, experts who are experts and means of supporting halal tourism. Opportunity factors include the support of government policies, the existence of supporting institutions, the international reputation of Indonesian halal tourism. Threat factors include economic stability, security stability and competition for the halal tourism industry. Based on the analysis of internal and external factors, the formulation of halal tourism development strategies in East Java include: a) S-O strategy: encouraging domestic and foreign investment in halal tourism development in East Java; b) W-O strategy: development of East Java halal tourism multiplatform information based on IoT; c) S-T strategy: build a halal pariwistaa halal in East Java entitled "Khazanah East Java"; d) W-T strategy: Establishment of a Special Economic Zone for Halal Tourism which is supported by the establishment of an institution of the Halal Tourism Management Authority of East Java Province

 

Keywords: Halal Tourism, Opportunities, Challenges, East Java
PENGUATAN KAPASITAS SOFT SKILL “CALON DA’I” MELALUI TUGAS PENGABDIAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: Rosi Bahrur
Published: September 2019

Strengthening the capacity of prospective preachers is an effort made by the Islamic boarding school Miftahul Ulum Panyeppen to describe the direct experience of students who have passed the learning activities in the pesantren. The activity aims to optimize the abilities of the students before they become part of the community. This paper also explains about some of the things experienced by the students as prospective preachers while in the midst of society. This research results in a finding that the process of strengthening the capacity of prospective preachers is very closely related to the understanding of prospective preachers on their interpersonal competence, intercultural adaptability and good self-management. Of course, without denying the strong faith and maturity of religious knowledge that is owned as the most basic provision in every missionary activity.
PENENTUAN TANGGAL BAU NYALE DALAM KALENDER ROWOT SASAK
Authors: Zulhadi Heri
Published: September 2019

The cultural custom is a complexity that is incorporated in a society which includes knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, laws, customs, abilities and habits in humans within members of the community which in which a mutually agreed and implemented rule is formed. The calendar is a marker of time to identify historical events in human civilization (society) in carrying out everyday life and lasts for a certain period. Calendar is made as a reference for humanity in determining matters relating to worship, culture and even other important jobs. Related to the topic of discussion in this paper what is meant by the Sasak community is the regional tribe on the island of Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. In the implementation of the Sasak traditional Bau Nyale is a celebration moment to commemorate the sacrifice of the princess's figure named Mandalika which transforms into a sea worm. The determination of the 20th in the Rowot Sasak Calendar was first held in consultation with traditional manners called Sangkep Warige, which was attended by traditional leaders and experts, in which the meeting was to look for characteristics and related natural phenomena in determining the date of implementation of the Nyale.
Influence of content and intensity of thought on behavioral and pupil changes during active mind-wandering, off-focus, and on-task states
Authors: Jubera-García Esperanza , Gevers Wim , Van Opstal Filip
Published: September 2019

Mind wandering (MW) is a pervasive phenomenon that occurs very frequently, regardless of the task. A content-based definition of MW holds that it occurs when the content of thought switches from an ongoing task and/or an external stimulus-driven event to self-generated or inner thoughts. A recent account suggests that the transition between these different states of attention occurs via an off-focus state. Following this suggestion, previous work relating MW to pupil size might have lumped attentional states that are critically different from each (i.e., off-focus and MW states). In the present study, both behavior and pupil size were measured during a sustained-attention-to-response task, to disentangle the content of thought (on task or MW) from an off-focus state of mind. The off-focus state was operationalized by probing the intensity with which participants were on task or mind-wandering. The results of two experiments showed that the behavioral and phasic pupillary responses were sensitive to changes related to the content of thought. The behavioral responses were furthermore related to the intensity of the thought. However, no clear relation between the different attentional states and tonic pupillary diameter was found, suggesting that it is an unreliable proxy for MW.
1,2,3-Triazolium macrocycles in supramolecular chemistry
Authors: Safarnejad Shad Mastaneh , Santhini Pulikkal Veettil , Dehaen Wim
Published: September 2019

In this short review, we describe different pathways for synthesizing 1,2,3-triazolium macrocycles and focus on their application in different areas of supramolecular chemistry. The synthesis is mostly relying on the well-known “click reaction” (CuAAC) leading to 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles that then can be quaternized. Applications of triazolium macrocycles thus prepared include receptors for molecular recognition of anionic species, pH sensors, mechanically interlocked molecules, molecular machines, and molecular reactors.
Discovery of an acoustically locating parasitoid with a potential role in divergence of song types among sympatric populations of the bush cricket Mecopoda elongata
Authors: Dutta Rochishnu , Reddy Manjunatha , Tregenza Tom
Published: September 2019

The bush cricket Mecopoda elongata provides a striking example of sympatric intraspecific divergence in mating signals. Five completely distinct song types are found in various parapatric and sympatric locations in South India. While there is convincing evidence that population divergence in M. elongata is being maintained as a result of divergence in acoustic signals, cuticular chemical profiles, and genital characters, the causes of the evolution of such divergence in the first place are unknown. We describe the discovery of a tachinid parasitoid with an orthopteroid hearing mechanism affecting M. elongata. This parasitoid may have a role in driving the extraordinary divergence that had occurred among M. elongata song types. Over two years we sampled individuals of three sympatric song types in the wild and retained individuals in captivity to reveal rates of parasitization. We found that all three song types were infected with the parasitoid but that there were significant differences among song types in their probability of being infected. The probability of tachinid parasitization also differed between the two sampling periods. Therefore, it is possible that parasitoid infection plays a role in song type divergence among sympatric bush cricket populations.
Prises de participations et performances des entreprises familiales
Authors: Mercier-Suissa Catherine , Jarrar Hajer , Salloum Charbel , Alexandre Laurice
Published: September 2019

Cette recherche a pour objectif d’analyser l’influence de la prise de participation familiale en matière de propriété, de gestion et de conseil d’administration sur la performance des entreprises familiales. Les avantages et les inconvénients de la participation de la famille au capital et à la gestion de l’entreprise ont révélé l’existence d’effets non-linéaires, créés par ces deux variables, sur la performance. Une analyse de régression sur un échantillon de 97 entreprises a permis de révéler d’une part, une corrélation quadratique négative entre la prise de participation de la famille dans la gestion et la performance, et d’autre part, l’absence de relation liant la prise de participation de la famille dans le capital et la performance financière.
Probability Model of the Inaccuracy of Residual Stromal Thickness Prediction to Reduce the Risk of Ectasia After LASIK Part I: Quantifying Individual Risk
Authors: Reinstein Dan Z , Srivannaboon Sabong , Archer Timothy J , Silverman Ronald H , Sutton Hugo , Coleman D Jackson
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To measure the imprecision of microkeratome cuts, preoperative corneal pachymetry, and laser ablation depth and develop a statistical model to describe the probability of the residual stromal bed thickness (RST) after myopic LASIK being significantly thinner than predicted.

METHODS: Preoperative corneal thickness, flap thickness, ablation depth, and RST were measured in 36 eyes by a prototype three-dimensional very high-frequency (VHF) 50 MHz digital ultrasound scanning device (<1.2 µm precision), precursor to the commercially available Artemis 2. All eyes had undergone LASIK with the Moria LSK-One microkeratome and the NIDEK EC-5000 excimer laser. Based on the statistically combined uncertainty (standard deviation) and bias (accuracy to intended value) of corneal thickness measurement, flap thickness, and ablation depth, a continuous probability function was devised describing the chance of obtaining an actual RST less than a specified "cut-off." The model was applied using the data collected from the cohort of eyes. The model was also applied using published flap thickness statistics on a series of microkeratomes.

RESULTS: Precision (standard deviation) was 0.74 µm for VHF digital ultrasound measurement of pachymetry, 30.3 µm for Moria LSK-One flap thickness, and 11.2 µm for NIDEK EC-5000 ablation depth. Assuming negligible laser ablation depth bias, the model found the probability that the actual RST will be <200 µm given a target RST of 250 µm is 7.56% with the Moria LSK-One. The model applied to published flap statistics revealed a range of probabilities of leaving <200 µm given a target RST of 250 µm from <0.01% to 33.6%.

CONCLUSIONS: The choice of microkeratome, laser, and pachymeter has a significant impact on the variation of the depth of keratectomy and thus on the risk of ectasia. This model together with high-precision microkeratomes, preoperative pachymetry, and knowledge of laser ablation precision would enable surgeons to determine the specific imprecision of RST prediction for individual LASIK cases and minimize the risk of ectasia. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:851-860.]
Ten-year Follow-up of 360° Intrastromal Corneal Rings for Myopia
Authors: Schwartz Andrew P , Tinio Bernard O , Esmail Fatema , Babayan Alejandro , Naikoo Huma N , Asbell Penny A
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To determine the safety, efficacy, and stability of intrastromal corneal rings 10 years after placement for myopia.

METHODS: Ten eyes with myopia treated with the placement of 360° complete intrastromal corneal rings with the ends sutured together were evaluated at 10-year follow-up for the following: uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE), induced manifest refractive cylinder, keratometry readings, slit-lamp findings, and ultrasound central pachymetry. Ten-year data were compared to 1-year results to assess visual stability over time.

RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was noted between UCVA at 1 year and 10 years. At the 10year examination, 90% of patients had BSCVA ≥20/25 and 100% had BSCVA ≥20/30. There was no statistically significant difference between MRSE at 1 year and 10 years. At the 10-year examination, induced manifest refractive cylinder was >1.00 diopter (D) in 0% of eyes and ≤0.25 D in 60% of eyes. There was no statistically significant difference between mean central keratometric power at 1-year follow-up compared with 10-year follow-up. No statistically significant difference was noted in central corneal thickness between 1 and 10 years in the eyes studied.

CONCLUSIONS: Intrastromal corneal rings are an effective and stable method of correcting mild myopia based on optic parameters. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:878-883.]
Clinical Results With the Medennium Phakic Refractive Lens for the Correction of High Myopia
Authors: Jongsareejit Amporn
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the predictability, safety, stability, complications, and biocompatibility of the phakic refractive lens (PRL) as a posterior chamber intraocular lens to correct high myopia.

METHODS: Fifty eyes of 31 patients who underwent posterior chamber PRL implantation were evaluated prospectively. Mean preoperative myopia was -12.54 ±4.22 diopters (D) (range: -4.50 to -23.50 D) and mean astigmatic refractive power was -1.38±1.24 D (range: -1.00 to -4.50 D). Surgical implantation was performed through a 3.0- to 4.0-mm clear cornea sutureless incision using parabulbar (sub-Tenon's) anesthesia. Intra- and postoperative complications were recorded.

RESULTS: Three months after surgery, the mean spherical equivalent refraction was -0.21±0.42 D (range: +1.00 to -1.75 D). At 6 and 12 months, mean spherical equivalent refraction was -0.23±0.38 D (range: 0 to -1.25 D). At the last examination, uncorrected visual acuity was ≥20/40 in 41 (82%) eyes and ≥20/20 in 22 (44%) eyes. Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) was ≥20/40 in 42 (84%) eyes and ≥20/20 in 27 (54%) eyes. Comparison of pre- and postoperative BSCVA at 12 months showed that 12 (36.4%) of 33 eyes gained ≥1 lines of BSCVA and 7 (21.2%) of 33 eyes gained ≥2 lines. One (2%) eye developed anterior subcapsular cataract requiring lens exchange, and 1 (2%) eye developed acute angle closure glaucoma requiring YAG-iridotomy. One (2%) eye developed macular hemorrhage.

CONCLUSIONS: At 6 months and 1 and 2 years, PRL implantation yielded encouraging visual and refractive results with excellent biocompatibility. The efficacy, stability, and short-term safety of this lens was established. Serious complications, such as cataract and acute angle closure glaucoma, may occur, and long-term safety needs to be evaluated. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:890-897.]
Laceration and Partial Dislocation of LASIK Flaps 7 and 4 Years Postoperatively With 20/20 Visual Acuity After Repair
Authors: Jin George J C , Merkley Kevin H
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To report two cases of late ocular trauma resulting in laceration of corneal flaps 7 and 4 years (cases 1 and 2, respectively) after LASIK.

METHODS: A 49-year-old man sustained laceration of the flap and interface foreign body debris from construction material in the right eye 7 years after uneventful LASIK (case 1). A 33-year-old man had partial dislocation of the flap 4 years after LASIK in the left eye (case 2) due to a penetrating wood chip accident. Surgical procedures were performed to remove the foreign bodies and reposition the flaps.

RESULTS: In case 1, postoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was 20/25 with manifest refraction of -0.50 -0.50 × 110 corrected to 20/20. In case 2, UCVA was 20/20 with piano refraction after LASIK retreatment.

CONCLUSIONS: Corneal LASIK flaps are susceptible to penetrating trauma, which can occur >7 years after the procedure. Proper management of the trauma and LASIK flap can restore excellent visual acuity. [J Refract Surg, 2006;22:904-905.]
Bilateral Central Crystalline Corneal Deposits Four Years After Intacs for Myopia
Authors: Katsoulis Konstantinos , Sarra Gian-Marco , Schittny Johannes C , Frueh Beatrice E
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To report a case of bilateral central crystalline keratopathy in the anterior stroma occurring 4 years after Intacs implantation.

METHODS: A 45-year-old woman underwent bilateral uncomplicated lntacs implantation for myopia. The postoperative course was uneventful. However, between 3 and 4 years after surgery, the patient developed central opacifications of the anterior stroma in both eyes, reducing best spectacle-corrected visual acuity.

RESULTS: Intacs were explanted. Confocal microscopy, electron microscopy of the explanted ring segments, and microbiology studies were performed. Opacities were still detectable at the slitlamp microscope up to 8 months after explantation.

CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report on central corneal opacifications after Intacs implantation for myopia. The opacities could be the result of chronic metabolic stress or the beginning of lipid-like changes in another more central corneal localization. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:910-913.]
Shack-Hartmann-Based Wavefront Analyzer for Calibrating Excimer Lasers
Authors: Somani Seema , Cheng Luke , Zickler Leander , Gross Erik
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Currently, refractive surgical excimer laser systems are calibrated by ablating plastic lenses, which are measured by lensometer and analyzed by a technician. The accuracy of this method is approximately 0.25 diopters (D) in sphere and cylinder power. Theoretically, objective calibration using wavefront technology would be significantly more accurate, thereby improving surgical outcomes. This study describes a Shack-Hartmann-based instrument, which has been developed to measure ablated plastic lenses for calibration and quality control of the excimer laser.

METHODS: A calibration instrument comprising an LED source at 640 nm, a lenslet array, beam-guiding optics, and a CCD camera was designed to perform full wavefront analysis. The measurement plane is conjugate to the lenslet array plane, and the diameter of the pupil is 5 mm. Accuracy was determined by measuring a set of well-calibrated spherical and cylindrical glass lenses. Plastic lenses were ablated, and high-precision measurements were performed by surface profile scanner.

RESULTS: In the power range of -6.00 to +4.00 D, repeatability exceeded 0.01 D, accuracy of measurement exceeded 0.04 D, and 1° for the axis of cylinder lenses. The measurement of excimer-ablated plastic lenses agreed with high-precision surface profile scanner measurements within 0.10 D, and repeatability exceeded 0.01 D.

CONCLUSIONS: Wavefront technology-based, high-precision measurement of calibration lenses can more accurately set the energy of the excimer laser, which enhances the accuracy of refractive laser correction. In automating calibration, the new instrument removes operator subjectivity and decreases the time needed for calibration. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:938-942.]
LASIK Using the NIDEK EC-5000 for the Correction of Hyperopic Astigmatism
Authors: Ismail Mahmoud M
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To assess the refractive outcomes of LASIK for the surgical correction of hyperopic astigmatism using the NIDEK EC-5000 excimer laser.

METHODS: LASIK was performed on 46 eyes from 26 patients (19 men and 7 women) for the correction of congenital hyperopic astigmatism. The NIDEK EC-5000 excimer laser and the Moria M2 microkeratome were used in all procedures. Cylindrical ablations were performed on the negative axis out to a 6-mm diameter.

RESULTS: The mean preoperative cylindrical refraction was +3.15±0.70 diopters (D) (range: +1.75 to +4.50 D), and the mean 24-month postoperative refraction was +1.27±0.78 D (range: +0.50 to +3.25 D). Vector analysis showed a 2. 17 ±1.27 D reduction in the equivalent cylinder. Preoperative mean uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was 20/100, and 24-month postoperative UCVA was 20/30. One eye lost one line of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity at 24 months postoperatively. Complications related to the LASIK flap occurred in 2 (4.3%) eyes. Partial regression of the astigmatic effect began at 4 to 6 months but stabilized by 1 year.

CONCLUSIONS: LASIK is a safe but limited alternative for the correction of astigmatism in eyes with hyperopic astigmatism. Early regression of the astigmatic effect in the first 6 months seems to be the primary disadvantage of this technique. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:S1069-S1072.]
Automated Visual Axis Alignment for Refractive Excimer Laser Ablation
Authors: Kermani Omid
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To describe the use of new laser alignment and delivery software in the NIDEK Advanced Vision Excimer laser platform (NAVEX) that allows centration based on surgeon specification.

METHODS: Descriptive article with a case report.

RESULTS: The software allows specification via numeric entry of the exact placement of the laser tapered to the position of the visual axis or the line of sight.

CONCLUSIONS: The ability to specify the exact location of the laser ablation based on pupil position is fundamental in patients undergoing custom ablation and those with eccentric fixation. A conservative treatment strategy is recommended for initial experience with this alignment software. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:S1089-S1092.]
Closing the Gender Gap in Human Capital Formation for the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Authors: Fapohunda Tinuke
Published: September 2019

Disparities in gender calculations in several nations have originated turbulence in multinational platforms in the recent past. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals list gender equality and women empowerment as the fifth of the eight goals. This study scrutinizes the gender gaps in human capital formation. It demonstrated the economic cost of gender inequality in human capital formation (losses in human capital attributable to gender inequality are estimated at $160.2 trillion) and considered some clear-cut involvements that can ease the realization of greater equality. To boost women's human capital formation, investments throughout the life cycle are obligatory. Successful involvements can be affected to tackle time use restrictions, support access to productive assets, and resolve market and institutional disappointments that reprimand women. Spending on girls and women is indispensable not only to boosting gender equality and the changing wealth of nations but also allowing nations to grow in maintainable manners.
Computer-Aided Design and Applications of Planar Branch-Line Coupler Circuits
Authors: You Kok Yeow , Al-Areqi Nadera Najib , Lee Chia Yew , Lee Yeng Seng
Published: September 2019

This book chapter mainly focuses on analytical analysis for the branch-line coupler in which this method provides an explicit solution in the coupler design. Generally, the directional coupler is one of the fundamental components for Microwave Integrated Circuit (MIC), especially the equal power-split coupler that is used for signal monitoring, power measurement, power division, and balanced-type components such as balanced mixers. In this chapter, several applications of the branch-line coupler are also described. The analytical and design formulations of the coupler are derived based on ABCD matrix, transmission line principle, and even-odd mode decomposition. Although the simple analytical analysis is not sufficiently implemented in complex coupler structure, it is capable of providing an initial design guideline for the coupler dimensions. The initial design of the coupler dimensions based on analytical analysis can be gradually modified and optimized to achieve the desired size or performance of the coupler using advanced numerical simulation.
Study and Design of New Rectenna Structures for Wireless Power Transmission Applications
Authors: Taybi Abdellah , Tajmouati Abdelali , Zbitou Jamal , Latrach Mohamed
Published: September 2019

This chapter presents many research works that have been carried out to deal with the problem of power supply to remote sensors. A 2.45 GHz voltage multiplier rectifier was validated to deliver 18V of output voltage with a conversion efficiency of 69%. Another rectenna was fabricated at 5.8 GHz of the Industrial Scientific Medical band and reach a measured voltage of 7.4V at 18 dBm. The third structure is about a series rectifier working at 2.45 GHz associated with a microstrip low pass filter which produces a supplying voltage of 11.23V. Added to the aforementioned results, the objective in this work is to design, optimize and realize two structures: A dual band patch antenna working at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz, and a compact rectifier circuit at 2.45 GHz for the power supply of low-consumption devices. This rectifier has been designed using Advanced Design System. The bridge topology was employed on an FR4 substrate. A good matching input impedance was observed and high conversion efficiency was obtained. Simulation results have been validated through realization and measurements.
Antilock Braking System Formal Modeling
Authors: Jarrar Abdessamad , Balouki Youssef
Published: September 2019

Antilock Braking System (ABS) is one of the most critical systems in the context of vehicles' mechatronics. The main purpose of the ABS system is allowing the wheels to stop while preventing sliding. It is responsible for ensuring a secure stopping of the vehicle, a very critical factor in trip safety. Therefore, the process of its construction should be performed with high care, and this is why theoretical modeling is highly needed. In order to help engineers to develop and study such a critical system, we propose a standard model that includes the essence of Antilock Braking System using a formal method called Event-B. This model may be used to reveal some bugs during proving that may go otherwise undetected. At the same time, the model can be animated to observe the system behavior.