bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of underground space in creating a comfortable environment of a modern city
Authors: Kalinkina N A , Zhdanova I V , Kuznetsova A A , Bakhareva Y A
Published: April 2020

The study is devoted to urgent problems of developing the underground space of cities. The article considers urban underground spaces as a reserve of additional area, due to which it is possible to increase comfort and improve the quality of life of people. The issues of lack of free urban land are studied, and the possibility of organizing multilevel, convenient and safe pedestrian-transport communications in the urban environment is also being considered. The innovative approach to solving this issue requires an integrated approach, taking into account the variety of factors affecting the formation of the underground structure of urban space. Based on the theoretical and practical experience in the design and construction of underground structures, the positive and negative sides of the development of the underground space were formulated. The use of underground space in cities demonstrates the possibility of a comprehensive solution to a wide range of urban, economic and environmental problems.
Pocket house and supra-spatial cities
Authors: Panfilov A V
Published: April 2020

Modern futurological concepts suggest several options for the development of cities and homes in the future. Each of these concepts in one way or another reflects the possible path of development of human society as a whole. This article discusses the issues of their possible hybridization and synthetic compounds in order to find the most likely and favorable development path. Possible models of the formation of a new type of urban settlements and the living cell model forming it are described, based on the analysis of both advanced technologies used in the construction and operation of housing, and on concepts for the development of society as a whole and the virtual design of new typologies of settlements and residential units for a changed society and his priorities.
Dot sub-downtown – a new pattern in urban areas of future
Authors: Pomorov S B , Zhukovsky R S
Published: April 2020

The article reveals the concept of a “Dot Sub-Downtown” as a small form of secondary elements in a large polycentric urban area. The dot sub-downtown accommodates two or more functional groups in accordance with the 1933 Athenian Charter (housing, work, recreation, trade and life, transport). However, unlike the historically developed urban centers, or downtowns, dot sub-downtowns does not have a significant area dimensions, being a spatially compact objects. Three volumetric-and-spatial types of dot sub-downtowns are distinguished: “landmarks” (as high-rise buildings, ultra-compact, the most rare), “nodes” (the smaller version of “landmarks”, large mixed-use buildings of citywide significance, often without a high-rise volume), and “quarters” (having a dimension of an urban intersection or a simple quarter of a pedestrian dimension, the most common). Dot sub-downtowns are more often to be found in the middle areas of cities, near downtown or large sub-downtowns, and tend to merge with them in the future. The conscious development of dot sub-downtowns can become a means for the subsequent possible emergence of a larger sub-downtown (sub-center) within the given urban area or for city downtown expansion towards such an area.
Architectural and typological priorities creating comfortable urban environment in future cities
Authors: Iconopisceva O G , Proskurin G A
Published: April 2020

The contemporary world provides new features for people and society, which is why it is necessary to reform the habitation structure. Different countries meet differently their strong demand for personal accessible and comfortable habitation and urban design. In Europe social housing and renovation programs are in progress. In Asia the high-rise housing is in priority due to super urbanized conditions. Microdistrict development in Russia is comfortable for developers, but not for citizens. To mark movement from such a practice we developed the new typological criteria based on quarterly principles. Nowadays European practice is full of flexible and lovely architectural solutions in different profiles. It might be a detached dwelling complex or a new development area as well. The article discusses the main trends in housing based on famous European projects. The most universal methods and solutions are summarized, which turned out to be especially in demand. The results highlight the general typological principles of the residential buildings formation, which can be implemented in Russia.
Multifunctional urban exoskeleton in the context of eco-architecture
Authors: Rasuleva Iu V , Kudasheva D R , Titarenko A V
Published: April 2020

The article is devoted to the concept of urban exoskeleton formation, which is a new type of spatial modeling in architecture, turning historical and natural artifacts of the territory into supporting nodes of environmentally friendly design solutions. The features of the exoskeleton method are revealed in the article on the material of the contest «TIMBER IN THE CITY 3: Urban Habitats Competition», devoted to the problems of ecological rehabilitation of problem urban areas using advanced technologies of wooden construction.
Modern practices of urban regulation of spatial development of south-east Bashkortostan
Authors: Baymuratova S Kh , Baymuratov R F , Sabitov I N , Egorova M L
Published: April 2020

The article is devoted to urgent problems of preserving the unique regions of the south-eastern Bashkiria, through new approaches and tools for regulating regional spatial development. Here some results of the current state study of the territory presented, which were obtained using cluster analysis based on the theory of spatial networks. The description of the developed model and the concept of sustainable development of the south-eastern region of Bashkiria are given. The reorganization of the Southern Urals territory will allow preserving small settlements of this region, eliminating negative factors and creating a favorable environment for their development.
Economic feasibility for the cost of land use provided for construction: a case study of the Stavropolsky municipal district of Samara region
Authors: Bocharov A Yu , Gordeeva T E , Spirina E S
Published: April 2020

The value of a land plot or property rights to it is an important link in the investment and construction design. This paper considers a transparent, comprehensible and justified mechanism for the development of cost parameters using a case study of land plots provided for construction located on the territory of the Stavropolsky municipal district of Samara Region. The obtained cost indicators of the land use provided for construction are determined based on the analysis and examination of not only real lease agreements but also using alternative calculations. While calculating the indicators, the authors applied the principles taken from the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 16, 2009 No. 582 as well as the analysis of real land lease contracts for construction and calculations based on current standards and the development of construction costs based on aggregated indicators.
Preservation of the heritage of historical environment through the example of the Vvedensky Cathedral of Orenburg
Authors: Klimova Y V
Published: April 2020

The article presents a collection, retrospective analysis and reconstruction of the Vvedensky Cathedral of Orenburg, located on the country’s border with Kazakhstan and serving as a for-post since its foundation in the middle of the 18th century. The author highlights the characteristic features of the constructed building, the differences between historical drawings and photographic data. As a result, a comparison was made between the reconstruction and the RONA NSO project, which served as the basis for the real restoration of the building in 2007-2010. The authors draw conclusions on the differences and similarities between the projects. Such analysis and comparison may become the basis for further reconstruction of the city buildings.
Wooden houses of Penza Town of the 19th - early 20th centuries and the problem of heritage preservation
Authors: Lapshina E G , Eshchin D V
Published: April 2020

The article presents the data on the influence of historical conditions on the formation of the architectural image of a wooden residential building. The problem of preserving wooden architecture as a historical and architectural heritage is considered. Material conservation is possible for the types of residential buildings that were built in the city of Penza in the first and second half of the 19th century. Wooden Art Nouveau houses built at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries have been lost for today. The construction of their virtual models is proposed.
Use of augmented reality information and communication technologies in urban historical environment
Authors: Malysheva S G
Published: April 2020

In Samara, in the historical center of the city, the fragments of two wooden fortresses were found (the years of construction were: 1586 and 1706). The task is to find a way to demonstrate these architectural objects to a full extent against the background of the landscape of their historical location. The reconstruction of lost objects on the site where they were located is difficult because such areas are densely built up with newer houses. One of the solutions may be to use augmented reality technologies that allow combining, by means of superimposition, visual information (textual, graphic and three-dimensional), including the graphic reconstruction of the historical object, and the modern urban landscape as it looks.
Current state of Gagarin Park: its problems and the ways to improve the comfort of recreational environment
Authors: Shabanova A V , Orlov O G , Karpova V I
Published: April 2020

The state of recreational facilities and their accessibility for citizens is an integral part of life quality. Within the scope of work aimed at transition to comfortable urban environment, one of the most significant recreational facilities in Samara - Yuri Gagarin Park– has been examined. The following indicators have been researched and evaluated as the indicators of the park environment’s comfort

- the character of the established functional zoning has been described

- the zones of acoustic comfort have been defined

- the quality of water in water bodies has been evaluated

- the recreational load has been measured

- the expression of the recreational landscape has been evaluated.

The recommendations how to improve the comfort of the environment have been worked out, and they may be in demand while developing urban special-purpose programs.
Thermal insulation in pavement as a means of preserving or restoration the historical vertical layout of city streets
Authors: Simanovskii A M
Published: April 2020

The article is devoted to the problem of street reconstruction in areas with historically valuable buildings using the example of St. Petersburg. Saving the appearance of architectural monuments and street surface elevation points without reconstruction of underground utilities requires a reduction in the thickness of the road pavement. The solution to this contradiction is the use of insulating materials in pavement. The work is devoted to the theoretical study of road structures using thermal insulation made of polystyrene foam. Comparative thermotechnical calculations for traditional structures and structures with thermal insulation on various heaving soils have been performed. It is demonstrated that the use of traditional structures in the reconstruction of road structures leads to an increase in their thickness and frost depth. It is shown that the use of thermal insulation reduces the thickness of the pavement and completely prevents the freezing of soils under it. This allows saving and lowering elevation points of the road surface without reorganizing the underground utilities.
Architectural and urban planning features of the restoration of T S Khilinsky’s diocesan buildings lost in the 1930s
Authors: Zobova M G
Published: April 2020

In this article the author makes an attempt to identify architectural and urban planning features of the restoration of T S Khilinsky’s diocesan buildings completely or partially lost in the 1930s. This work is impossible without a comprehensive review, analysis and research of the master’s preserved architectural heritage. Some of T S Khilinsky’s diocesan buildings have been preserved nearly in an unchanged form to this day. Most of the objects have been reconstructed and restored. There are also completely or partially lost structures. It should be noted that the main task in restoring lost or ruined diocesan buildings is not only to make a reliable reproduction of the object according to the preserved project, taking into account the creative handwriting, stylistic features and techniques of the master, but also to supplement the lost meaning and significance of the object for history and culture as a whole. In the twenty-first century heritage restoration has become a truly global concern, as heritage is commercialized like never before and threatened like never before. This article questions whether the established theories of restoration are still relevant to an expanding remit and changing demands of building restoration in the global context of the twenty-first century.
Activities of city public administration in regulation of economy, construction and urban land improvement (Russian experience)
Authors: Zolotareva M V
Published: April 2020

The paper addresses activities of City Duma authorities under new conditions of restructuring the management of the urban economic and construction sector. In the course of those reforms, legislative materials serving as the basis for new principles of territorial, sectoral and local management were the most important at the time. The reforms of the second half of the 19th century not only changed the state policy of control over civil engineering but also ensured partial delegation of responsibilities for the economic and construction sector as well as urban land improvement to the urban community. Besides that practical work, the government initiated legislative activities at City Dumas. Despite the fact that the Building Code remained the main legislative document, mandatory regulations of urban communities served as its subordinate acts taking into account local specifics.
Investigation of the biologically-resistant organic pollution destruction process in wastewater by ozone
Authors: Alekseev S
Published: April 2020

During the development of technology of ozone usage for wastewater treatment from organic pollution, it is important to be able to determine the required dose of ozone and the duration of oxidation. Ozonation is used in combination with other methods of water treatment, so it is important to determine the stage at which ozonation is used. Ozone can be used for purification of urban wastewater for the destruction of surfactants and textile dyes. These substances are often biologically resistant and cannot be removed by biological treatment methods. Decomposition of organic matter of dyes and surfactants occurs not as quickly as decrease in color. In such cases, the purification process is usually controlled by indicators such as total organic carbon content, oxidation, COD, etc. It can be difficult to determine the dose of ozone, which is necessary for the destruction of pollution. We examined the material balance of the process of destruction of some contaminants and conducted experimental studies to verify it. The technique is proposed for calculating the required dose of ozone for the destruction of dyes and surfactants in wastewater with a small number of measurements. The method makes it possible to calculate the specific dose of ozone and necessary ozonation period for destruction of pollution in wastewater.
Trivalent chromium wastewater treatment
Authors: Bykovsky N A , Kantor E A , Rahman P A , Puchkova L N , Fanakova N N
Published: April 2020

This scientific paper deals with the study results for treatment of the wastewaters generated in the leather industry from trivalent chromium. Wastewater purification is realized by its treatment in a diaphragm electrolyzer. It is shown that during the electrolysis the increase in pH in the electrolyzer cathode chamber occurred. This leads to the precipitation of chromium hydroxide. The ratio of chromium extraction from the drain is determined by the amount of passed electricity and does not depend on the current load on the cell. The maximum ratio of chromium extraction from the effluent is achieved with a pass of 0.113 A⋅h/g and made 99.97%. A further increase in the amount of electricity passed through the cell leads to the increase in the chromium content in the waste water. The minimum energy consumption for the chromium extraction from the drain is observed at a current of 0.5 A and is equal to 4.38 kW⋅h/m3.
Computer simulation study of the vacuum effect during sewage pipelines annular space backfill in trenchless renovation
Authors: Hurgin R , Chudakov M
Published: April 2020

The article presents material that may be useful for designers and researchers involved in the pipeline material selection for the water supply and sanitary sewer networks construction and reconstruction. During renovation of a dilapidated pipeline by pulling a new polymer pipeline into it, the annular space is filled with cement mortar. The influence of vacuum effect on the strength characteristics of the pipeline when it is filled with cement mortar is considered. The influence of groundwater on the pipeline stability and vacuum in the annular space is presented.
Activity of fly ash as an indicator of their modifying ability
Authors: Markova I Yu , Bezrodnykh A A , Markov A Yu , Strokova V V , Stepanenko M A
Published: April 2020

The article shows the possibility of using fly ash as an active component of binders of various compositions used in the design of composites for road construction purposes. This study was conducted on the basis of the data on the distribution and concentration of acid-base centers on the surface, sorption capacity, specific surface area, and morphological features of dispersed particles of technogenic raw materials. The study substantiates the feasibility of using ashes as a modifying component of low-calcium composites for inorganic binders (cement) due to the high pozzolanic activity, high-calcium composites for organic binders (bitumen emulsions) due to “inertness” and surface smoothness.
Wastewater cleanup method reducing corrosion impact on pipelines and equipment of oil stabilization production
Authors: Balgynova A M , Ardak M K , Egorov A L , Arstanaliev E U , Medetov Sh M , Imangalieva G E , Abishev M N , Galieva L Kh , Mukambetkalieva R E , Tadgieva G B , Kalieva A D
Published: April 2020

The object of research in this article is the wastewater of oil stabilization production. Wastewater from oil refining and petrochemicals is highly toxic and poses a serious environmental hazard with existing wastewater volumes. The purification of these effluents to the parameters stipulated by the current regulatory requirements is practically impossible by traditional methods. In addition, in some cases, high contamination of water used in technological processes leads to significant economic losses, often irreversible. The low efficiency of wastewater treatment in the oil stabilization production negatively affects the reservoir pressure maintenance system for a number of reasons, one of which is an increased content of suspended solids that cause the formation to be calcified in the bottom-hole zone and lower well injectivity, which, in turn, leads to significant production losses oil. The actual service life of sewage pipelines containing hydrogen sulfide and oxygen does not exceed two years. The overhaul period of operation of pumps in the wastewater transport system is 0.2–0.3 years. The low efficiency of wastewater treatment is associated with the use of a morally obsolete system of treatment facilities, one of the significant drawbacks of which is the presence of open settling ponds. Lack of recycled water supply affects the costs associated with the use of fresh water. The volume of fresh water purchased for technological needs is estimated at thousands of cubic meters per day. At the enterprise under consideration, treatment facilities with a traditional technological scheme function. The authors of the article identified the reasons for the lack of effectiveness of these facilities and concluded that it is necessary to improve technologies and wastewater treatment schemes.
Surface wastewater purification from emulsified and dissolved organic pollutants with the city of Samara as an example
Authors: Sargsyan A M , Ilyin N A , Averyanov D A
Published: April 2020

This paper considers the impact of surface wastewater from residential areas and industrial enterprises, including enterprises of railway transport on ecological environment. It also describes the content of harmful substances of organic and inorganic origin in the surface runoff. The researchers consider practical methods of cleaning wastewater from oil-containing contaminants and put forward technological schemes of surface wastewater purification including its biological treatment.
Transformation and sustainable development of sanitary engineering systems in the cities of the future
Authors: Shuvalov M V
Published: April 2020

The transformation of the sanitary engineering systems is constant and closely connected with the development of urban development theory and practice. It is also influenced by scientific and technological progress in other areas of human activity. The initiators of the revival and further development of the movement to build cities-gardens in the near future are engineers working to create a model for the sustainable development of urban sanitary improvement. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, the paradigm shift in the field of city sewerage construction technologies is due to the resumption of the search for resource-saving technologies that reduce the emission of pollutants into the environment due to the introduction of promising technological solutions for the separation of household wastewater into separate streams for the purpose of production of secondary products from wastewater components. A list of the main research directions on the modified technologies development that will ensure the sustainable sanitary systems development in the cities in the future was proposed based on a generalization of conceptual solutions for the transformation of the sewerage systems of cities and settlements.
Kinetic and static parameters of a new sorbent based on clays and ways of its determination
Authors: Stepanov S V , Panfilova O N
Published: April 2020

The paper demonstrates experimental research results obtained while studying heavy metal ions sorption ability. These ions were extracted from a multicomponent model solution. The research was conducted for a new sorption sample based on clays under static conditions and carried out in the range of low concentrations of heavy metal ions in the solution. For the development of sorption isotherms, the method of non-variant test portions and variable concentrations of heavy metal ions was used. As a result, the researchers constructed sorption isotherms for copper, zinc, manganese, iron and lead. The experimental data was approximated by the Freundlich, Langmuir, Langmuir-Freundlich, Toch and Redlich-Peterson equations. MathCAD and SciDAVis software programs were used for mathematical processing. The authors came to the conclusion that the Langmuir equation most adequately described the sorption isotherms for copper, lead and zinc, the Toch model was preferable for iron and manganese isotherms. During the experiment, sorption constants and determination coefficient were also determined for each metal.
Problems of defining sanitary protection zones for existing water supply and water disposal enterprises
Authors: Strelkov A K , Gorshkalev P A , Chernosvitov M D
Published: April 2020

The paper considers the first codification of enterprises according to hazard classes and the development of a classification showing the negative impact of enterprises on people. To protect people from production facilities negative impact sanitary protection zones (SPZ) are established for such enterprises. This paper describes how approaches to hazard classes of enterprises have changed over time. The procedure for establishing sanitary protection zones which is in force today is also described. This procedure can be applied to the establishment of the size of a sanitary protection zone for all types of enterprises, including water supply and wastewater disposal facilities. The researchers further examine issues arising from the establishment of sanitary protection zones of existing enterprises and objects of water supply and wastewater disposal located in historical building developments, concentrating on those locations where reconstruction or modernization is planned. it is specially stressed that reconstruction of sewage waste-disposal plants often causes considerable difficulties as the formal expert examination requires to provide a layout of an officially approved sanitary protection zone which is not possible in most cases because there are houses already located within the regulatory zone of these plants.
Using pipes from various materials for sewage network: theoretical analysis
Authors: Tarakanov D I
Published: April 2020

The paper presents the analysis of data on Russian settlements sewage networks as of 2014-2018, published in the public domain. All the settlements are divided into six groups depending on the population size. For each group, the distribution of sewage networks depending on the material of the pipes is established. In this country, the most widespread pipes are ceramic and cast-iron pipes, which have been widely used in the last 100 years. Asbestos-cement, reinforced concrete and steel pipes were used much less frequently. Active construction of sewage networks from plastic pipes began only in the last 20 years, so their share in the total volume does not exceed 6%. The authors believe that there will be a significant increase in the number of plastic pipes in the total length of sewage networks in the next few years.
Development of high-efficiency equipment for wastewater treatment from difficult-to-oxidize organic compounds and suspended solids
Authors: Tarasov A S , Wasiliew A L
Published: April 2020

The most important problem in the modern developing world - is the problem of industrial wastewater treatment, while there is a need to create a simple to manufacture, efficient, simple and reliable in operation treatment equipment to prevent the ingress of chemical pollutants into water bodies. The main task in the design and development of new equipment for industrial sewage treatment plants is to obtain technically feasible, environmentally efficient equipment for wastewater treatment of textile industries, which will meet the requirements of environmental regulations of the legislation of Russia. A great danger to the aquatic microflora are hard-oxidized organic compounds, residues of dyes, Synthetic surfactants, acids, alkalis are widely used in the flax processing industry.
Discriminative model of pipeline accidents detection in water supply and distribution systems
Authors: Zayko V A , Chernosvitov M D , Poluyan V I
Published: April 2020

The paper deals with the problem of current assessment of emergency conditions and diagnostics of emergency pipelines location in water supply and distribution systems (WSDS) in conditions that allow maintaining the quality of water supply network functioning at a certain target level. The diagnostic process here consists of the following three stages: detection of the fact of the accident, assessment of the quality level of the system operation and search of the emergency area. To solve the problem, the researchers resort to the method of discriminative analysis. This method makes it possible to use information about the values of such controlled parameters as pressure at the network certain points and discharge in the network sections thus assessing if the technical condition under diagnosis belongs to one of the emergency subsets. The method also involves the decision procedure constructed in the multidimensional space of the observed indicators proving the emergency conditions.
Innovative methods of wastewater treatment
Authors: Zencov V N , Nikitina O G , Rayzer J S , Lapshakova I V , Ovchinnikova A S
Published: April 2020

The experience of usage of sewage treatment plants has shown that if we desist from the usage of primary settlements of domestic wastewater, we solve a problem with thickening, processing, transportation and placement of raw sludge. Of course, the grates for screening the waste and sand traps for removal of mineral pollutions from wastewater is still very important part of the treatment facilities. If we desist from the usage of primary settlements, we should pay great attention to the modernization and intensification of the work of sand traps and grates. Unlike with a raw sludge, waste from grates and sand mixture from sand traps can be easily recovered in an ordinary urban landfill with a solid household waste. The most part of Western countries stop to use primary sedimentation of municipal wastewater; the Russian Federation still employ this method. At the same time, the residual floc can be completely mineralized by active sludge.
Social and technological aspects of building materials production in the concept of a smart city
Authors: Davydova T E , Turchenko A E , Usachev A M
Published: April 2020

The concept of a smart city is based on the improvement of the quality of human life in a comfortable environment. Depending on specific goals, priority is given to certain environmental factors. Among the most important factors, the analysis allows highlighting social inequality, ecology, sustainability, the use of local conditions, resource optimization, and benefits for citizens. The creation of infrastructure that ensures and supports the development of cities is largely determined by the state of the construction sector. In the field of construction, we are talking about the choice of socio-technological aspects of the production of materials that correspond to the concept of a smart city. Therefore, the choice of building material is determined by the social significance of its availability, environmental friendliness, technological feasibility from the standpoint of durability, the possibility of using local raw materials, and the possibility of involving technogenic materials. Based on the SWOT analysis method, ceramic tiles have strong technological aspects. The article presents the results of optimization of the raw material composition of ceramic tiles, which includes anthropogenic material - cullet and local raw material - chalk, and technological parameters (pressing pressure and firing temperature). As a result of the work, the rational content of the studied floodplains (cullet and chalk) in the raw material mixture was determined - 17-25% for the production of facing ceramic tiles. It is established that press pressure is a factor in the formation of a structure that allows reducing the temperature of roasting ceramic tiles.
Effect of concreting defects on the uptime of reinforced concrete during the construction of new Arctic settlements by the criterion of exposure to air carbon dioxide
Authors: Fedorov P A , Hafizov A R , Kanareikin V I
Published: April 2020

The development of Arctic territories and waters requires the construction of new settlements with industrial infrastructure. Modified concrete is used for the construction of these facilities. However, during erection of monolithic reinforced concrete structures defects and damages are formed, which affect their durability and reliability. The results of probabilistic simulation of failure-free operation of reinforced concrete according to the criterion of carbon dioxide gas effect on concrete for conditions of Sabetta settlement are given in the work. Concretes with a water-cement ratio of 0.35 and 0.50 per CEM III/A 42.5N were taken as design values. Design thickness of the protective layer is 45 mm, depth of defects and damages is 5, 10, 15, 25 mm. Probability modeling was performed using the Duracret model using Excel and PTC Mathcad. The results showed that without defects and damages the period of normal operation as a whole corresponds to the design value of 50 and 100 years. In case of defects, the first local areas may appear in 15-40 years.
Improvement of technological processes of production and application of liquid phosphate binders
Authors: Khlystov A I , Shirokov V A , Sokolova S V
Published: April 2020

The article presents the results related to the processes of liquid phosphate binder synthesizing based on nanotechnogenic raw materials. Such raw materials include alumina-containing sludge from non-ferrous metallurgy. It is established that with the use of alumina alkali sludge and phosphoric acid, it is possible to obtain mono- and disubstituted aluminophosphate binders, and on the basis of alumina-calcium sludge it is possible to obtain alumina-calcium phosphate binders. Particular attention is paid to rational technologies for the use of liquid aluminophosphate and aluminocalcium phosphate binders in the processes of obtaining protective impregnating coating compositions of chamotte linings and structural- chemical modification of piece refractories. The results obtained make it possible to predict an increase in the resistance and durability of widespread chamotte linings of industrial furnaces and other thermal units.
Bond strength between concrete layers of three-layer concrete structures
Authors: Korol E A , Tho Vu Dinh
Published: April 2020

Development of the methods for the calculating reinforced concrete structures covers a wide range of issues, including the expansion of the application of new innovative materials such as concrete and reinforcement. In practice, modern construction of multilayer structures is made of concrete with different strengths and it is compulsory to conduct numerical and experimental studies of the bond strength between concrete layers with different strengths. In this study, the influence of some physical-mechanical factors and temporal manufacturing parameters on the monolithic bond of concrete layers of three-layer structures made of concrete with different densities according depending on the sample is considered. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the development of the shear bond strength between two concrete layers of three-layers sandwich concrete. Three-layer samples consist of normal concrete (NC) in the external layers and lightweight concrete (LWC) in the inner layer. The results of the study show that these factors directly affect the monolithic bond of concrete layers in three-layer structures, which are made by concrete of different strengths. The obtained scientific results allow the determination of reasonable parameters to ensure the monolithic bond of concrete layers with different strengths of the 3-layers structure in design and production.
Analysis of possibility of using indicator method to study functional groups of surface of new components of building materials
Authors: Melnikova A V
Published: April 2020

The current trend to increase the volume of construction of public and industrial facilities the need for new modern building materials is as high as ever. The physicochemical and mechanical properties of the materials obtained are especially important, the improvement of which is often provided by the introduction of new additives into the composition. Using the indicator method to study the surface of new components of building materials can help to assess the impact of the nature of their surface on the final product.
Research of possibility of producing ceramic paving stones by vibrocompression with the purpose of using them in the improvement of urban areas
Authors: Montaev S A , Zharylgapov S M , Montaeva N S , Shakeshev B T
Published: April 2020

The article presents the results of studying the physic-mechanical and chemical-mineralogical characteristics of raw materials and proposes a clay-based raw material composition to create technology for ceramic pavers by vibrocompression using talc rock. The of ceramic compositions for the production of ceramic pavers are studied taking into account the dominant factors of a two-component mixture to improve the molding, drying and physic-mechanical properties of the finished product. It was found that the introduction of talc into the ceramic composition promotes the formation of high-temperature phases of augite and amphibole, and enhances the processes of mineral formation in clay, with the formation of high-temperature phases - sanidine, ackermanite and augite, which provide samples with high physical and mechanical properties. The basic laws of the structure and phase formation of ceramic compositions at a firing temperature of 1000 ° C, consisting in the occurrence of solid and solid-liquid phase sintering processes at which the phase-mineral composition of the compositions determining the production of ceramic pavers with high strength, frost resistance, are studied, were studied. The possibility of obtaining ceramic pavers that meet environmental and operational requirements in order to use them in the improvement of urban areas (sidewalks, walkways, park areas, playgrounds, etc.) has been proved. It has been established that one of the predominant properties of ceramic paving stones is their significant porosity (up to 30%), which allows quickly absorbing water from atmospheric precipitation and filter it through your body by transferring water to the ground.
Method for determining surface destruction area of concrete elements
Authors: Popov V P , Davidenko A Yu , Popov D V
Published: April 2020

The article presents data on concrete destruction features, and the evaluation characteristics of this process, taking into account the research experience in this area. For more complete concrete assessment and qualification, it is proposed to study operational and strength parameters as well as critical fracture surface area. The currently available methods for recording material fracture parameters are evaluated. The acoustic emission method is recommended as the most widely implemented of the proposed methods (acoustic emission, electroluminescence, radio radiation). The proposed method is based on theoretical provisions establishing relationship between the area of the newly formed fracture surface in all materials and the acoustic emission amplitude. Taking into account the adhesion coefficient values expressed in terms of the acting voltage and the crack parameters we obtain the energy of material destruction is proportional to the energy of releasing acoustic emission. The article describes test procedure and nature, as well as the standard equipment characteristics and its preparation for measuring acoustic emission. The method proposed by the authors is characterized by relative simplicity, high reliability, and is practically the only one that allows determining the area of concrete destruction under different types of external influence at different destruction stages.
Use of materials with shape memory effect to improve the performance properties of parts of drill string
Authors: Ruban D A , Cherkesov T A , Balaev E Yu O , Gerasimov D V
Published: April 2020

The use of materials with shape memory in the manufacture of parts of the drill string such as the nipple and the coupling of the boring lock and the bit of the drill bit can improve performance, as many of the drawbacks exhibited during operation are associated with design features, and the use of alloys with shape memory allows changing the design parts, taking into account the features of the equipment due to their functional characteristics.
Optimization of structural solutions building envelopes of industrial buildings operated in variable thermal conditions
Authors: Vytchikov Yu S , Saparyov M E , Kostuganov A B
Published: April 2020

The article presents the methodology of thermo-technical calculation of low-heat enclosing structures industrial buildings operated in conditions of variable thermal conditions. According to the proposed methodology, the thickness of the sandwich panel of the outer wall of the industrial building is determined on the basis of the fulfillment of energy saving conditions and the given time of room’s heating. To solve the problem of unsteady heat transfer through the outer wall was applied an approximate analytical method developed by the authors of this article. The presented analytical method by choosing a building envelope allows taking into account not only heat-shielding but also the dynamic characteristics of the fence. This calculation method can be applied at the stage of developing structural solutions for the external fence and detailing of building units in this construction. The results of the heat engineering calculation of the outer wall of a production building under construction are presented as an example. Based on the presented calculation results, it becomes possible to determine the optimal thickness of the insulation layer, at which the designed enclosing structure will satisfy not only the modern requirements of thermal protection, but also provide a given time for the heating of the room.
Improvement of production technology of asphalt concrete with the use of polymer waste
Authors: Satayeva S S , Burakhta V A
Published: April 2020

In this study the ROB 70/100 oil asphalt from the Aktau Bitumen Factory «CaspiBitum» was considered. Asphalt was modified with polymer waste to upgrade operating properties. The I-40 industrial oil was used as a softener. Indicators like penetration, extensibility (ductility), brittleness temperature and softening temperature of bitumen were explored in this study. It was shown, that physical-mechanical properties of bitumen increased after modification: needle penetration depth decreased, extensibility decreased, softening temperature increased. In addition, the influence of polymers on the structure of bitumen and the effect of their action in the composition were examined. Structure of polymer waste in Republic of Kazakhstan was analyzed. It was proved, that the usage of the recycled polyethylene as a modifier is a rational approach, and it makes it possible to recycle stocks of secondary polymeric materials. Also problems of improving the properties of polymer-bitumen binder and ecology solved.
Theory of polystructural properties of silica-lime construction materials
Authors: Sidorenko Y V , Guryanov A M , Kozlov V V
Published: April 2020

During construction of low-cost residential housing, it is necessary to use local raw materials, to increase the variety of manufactured products and to implement energy-saving technologies. Such technologies include, in particular, the contact-condensation (non-autoclave) technology created by V.D. Glukhovskiy and R.F. Runova. According to it, non-stable calcium hydrosilicates are produced in an isothermal reactor – a batch crystallization vessel. Then they are mixed with fine filler until attaining the moulding water content; the raw goods are compacted at the increased pressure and dried. After pressing water-resistant wares of sufficient strength are formed. The technology for separate hydrosilicate production with their further compacting considerably expands the subset of control actions over system as compared to the traditional autoclave process. The study of mutual coordination and kinetics of the composite frame formation and its probable structure simulation are among the list studied field in material science. Some scientists defined this problem as the most difficult in material science and considered implementation of theoretical modelling (replacing a real object with its analogue) as a way of its successful resolution. We make a conclusion that the examination of polystructural properties would adjust us to forecast a further development of silica-lime products.
Modeling the influence of variable temperature fields on the stressed state of offshore facilities
Authors: Starokon I V
Published: April 2020

The article considers the influence of temperature fields on the stress state of offshore facilities using the example of fixed offshore platforms for oil and gas production. It is noted that there is no theory for offshore oil and gas facilities that would allow a numerical description of the nature and mechanism of action of both conventionally stationary and variable temperature fields. An analysis of various literature sources showed that currently there are solutions for the dynamics of propagation and stress state for an axisymmetric temperature field, for a non-axisymmetric case, characteristic of the operating conditions of the support blocks of offshore platforms, there is no such solution. The author notes that a change in the thermal state of the elements of offshore facilities as a result of various factors leads to a change in their stress state. In some cases, in the presence of significant defects, these defects act as stress concentrators, thereby increasing the nominal strain. A numerical-analytical modeling of the effects of both variable and conditionally stationary fields was carried out, which made it possible to identify a number of patterns.
Mechanochemical activation of natural and technogenic raw materials in the production of high strength plaster
Authors: Suchkov V P , Veselov A V
Published: April 2020

Currently, the growth of production of gypsum materials and products exceeds the economic growth of the world markets. More than 90% of binder manufactured of natural raw materials is produced of low grades, and, for production of high strength gypsum by crushed stone autoclaving, not more than 40% of extracted raw materials are used. This is due to low percentage of crushed stone of required fractions (larger than 30-50 mm) is produced from the rocks by crushing and classification. The accumulated industrial experience showed that further development of production of high grade gypsum binders is possible provided it is subject to a substantial reduction of technology, increase of productivity and reduction of fuel and energy consumption. A technology of production of gypsum binders of small fractions of gypsum rock and phosphogypsum by mechanochemical activation (MOSS) of raw materials is proposed and developed. Advantages of the suggested technology: 1. In production of high-strength gypsum binders the technology allows complete processing of raw materials, including fines generated during crushing (fraction smaller than 5 mm); 2. By changing the maximum grain size and application of MOSS, total time of heat processing (autoclaving and drying) is reduced by 2.5 – 3.04 h, which allows reducing fuel and energy consumption; 3. Operation of binder grinding after drying is excluded.
Basis of use of dispersed carbon-containing modifiers for production of construction materials with given properties
Authors: Yusupova S S , Myzernaya M A , Khairullina A A , Kartygin A V
Published: April 2020

The mineralogical composition and structure of shungite rocks of East Kazakhstan is investigated. The possibility of obtaining a dispersed modifier from shungite for the production of various building materials is studied. The structure of dispersed carbon-containing modifiers obtained in the process of «dry» and «wet» grinding of shungite is investigated. The possibility of modifying cement compositions with a carbon-containing modifier is studied. Due to the adsorption-bound water the modifier under examination ensures a sufficiently intensive process of hydration and structure formation of hardening cement stone. It predetermines the structure and physical and mechanical properties of the cement stone. The effect of dispersed carbon-containing modifiers on the structure formation and adhesion of bitumen to mineral materials is shown.