bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ROS-Mediated Cancer Cell Killing through Dietary Phytochemicals
Authors: NavaneethaKrishnan Saranya , Rosales Jesusa L. , Lee Ki-Young
Published: May 2019

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote carcinogenesis by inducing genetic mutations, activating oncogenes, and raising oxidative stress, which all influence cell proliferation, survival, and apoptosis. Cancer cells display redox imbalance due to increased ROS level compared to normal cells. This unique feature in cancer cells may, therefore, be exploited for targeted therapy. Over the past few decades, natural compounds have attracted attention as potential cancer therapies because of their ability to maintain cellular redox homeostasis with minimal toxicity. Preclinical studies show that bioactive dietary polyphenols exert antitumor effects by inducing ROS-mediated cytotoxicity in cancer cells. These bioactive compounds also regulate cell proliferation, survival, and apoptotic and antiapoptotic signalling pathways. In this review, we discuss (i) how ROS is generated and (ii) regulated and (iii) the cell signalling pathways affected by ROS. We also discuss (iv) the various dietary phytochemicals that have been implicated to have cancer therapeutic effects through their ROS-related functions.
Effect of Electroacupuncture on Hyperalgesia and Vasoactive Neurotransmitters in a Rat Model of Conscious Recurrent Migraine
Authors: Xu Xiaobai , Liu Lu , Zhao Luopeng , Li Bin , Jing Xianghong , Qu Zhengyang , Zhu Yupu , Zhang Yajie , Li Zhijuan , Fisher Marc , Cairns Brain E. , Wang Linpeng
Published: May 2019

Migraine onset is associated with the abnormal release of vasoactive neurotransmitters from perivascular nerves, and these neurotransmitters are involved in the pathophysiology of migraine. Hyperalgesia is a key feature of migraine, and accumulating evidence indicates that electroacupuncture (EA) at the single acupuncture point (Fengchi [GB20]) is effective in ameliorating hyperalgesia. In clinical practice, multiple acupuncture points are widely used, especially GB20 and Yanglingquan (GB34). However, the role played by vasoactive neurotransmitters in acupuncture antihyperalgesic effect at the single or multiple acupuncture points remains unknown. We aimed to determine whether EA would exert its antihyperalgesic effects by modulating vasoactive neurotransmitter release from the perivascular nerves. Furthermore, we examined whether targeting multiple acupuncture points would be more effective than targeting a single point in reducing hyperalgesia. The mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia were evaluated by measuring the facial and hind-paw mechanical withdrawal thresholds, tail-flick and hot-plate latencies. Plasma concentrations of vasoactive neurotransmitters were determined using rat-specific ELISA kits from jugular vein, including calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), nitric oxide (NO), and endothelin-1 (ET-1). The result suggested that EA significantly ameliorated the mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, reduced c-Fos levels in the trigeminal ganglion, and attenuated plasma and dural levels of vasoactive neurotransmitters, especially in the multiple acupuncture points group (GB20+GB34). In conclusion, EA exerts antihyperalgesic effect in a rat model of conscious recurrent migraine, possibly via modulation of the vasoactive neurotransmitters. Furthermore, targeting multiple acupuncture points is more effective than targeting a single point in reducing hyperalgesia.
Transketolase Deficiency Protects the Liver from DNA Damage by Increasing Levels of Ribose 5-Phosphate and Nucleotides
Authors: Li Minle , Lu Ying , Li Yakui , Tong Lingfeng , Gu Xiao-chuan , Meng Jian , Zhu Yemin , Wu Lifang , Feng Ming , Tian Na , Zhang Ping , Xu Tianle , Lin Shu-Hai , Tong Xuemei
Published: May 2019

De novo nucleotide biosynthesis is essential for maintaining cellular nucleotide pools, the suppression of which leads to genome instability. The metabolic enzyme transketolase (TKT) in the nonoxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) regulates ribose 5-phosphate (R5P) levels and de novo nucleotide biosynthesis. TKT is required for maintaining cell proliferation in human liver cancer cell lines, yet the role of TKT in liver injury and cancer initiation remains to be elucidated. In this study, we generated a liver-specific TKT knockout mouse strain by crossing TKTflox/flox mice with albumin-Cre mice. Loss of TKT in hepatocytes protected the liver from diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced DNA damage without altering DEN metabolism. DEN treatment of TKT-null liver increased levels of R5P and promoted de novo nucleotide synthesis. More importantly, supplementation of dNTPs in primary hepatocytes alleviated DEN-induced DNA damage, cell death, inflammatory response, and cell proliferation. Furthermore, DEN and high-fat diet (HFD)–induced liver carcinogenesis was reduced in TKTflox/floxAlb-Cre mice compared with control littermates. Mechanistically, loss of TKT in the liver increased apoptosis, reduced cell proliferation, decreased TNFα, IL6, and STAT3 levels, and alleviated DEN/HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. Together, our data identify a key role for TKT in promoting genome instability during liver injury and tumor initiation.

Significance:

These findings identify transketolase as a novel metabolic target to maintain genome stability and reduce liver carcinogenesis.
Targeting Hypoxia-Induced Carbonic Anhydrase IX Enhances Immune-Checkpoint Blockade Locally and Systemically
Authors: Chafe Shawn C. , McDonald Paul C. , Saberi Saeed , Nemirovsky Oksana , Venkateswaran Geetha , Burugu Samantha , Gao Dongxia , Delaidelli Alberto , Kyle Alastair H. , Baker Jennifer H.E. , Gillespie Jordan A. , Bashashati Ali , Minchinton Andrew I. , Zhou Youwen , Shah Sohrab P. , Dedhar Shoukat
Published: May 2019

Treatment strategies involving immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) have significantly improved survival for a subset of patients across a broad spectrum of advanced solid cancers. Despite this, considerable room for improving response rates remains. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a hurdle to immune function, as the altered metabolism-related acidic microenvironment of solid tumors decreases immune activity. Here, we determined that expression of the hypoxia-induced, cell-surface pH regulatory enzyme carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is associated with worse overall survival in a cohort of 449 patients with melanoma. We found that targeting CAIX with the small-molecule SLC-0111 reduced glycolytic metabolism of tumor cells and extracellular acidification, resulting in increased immune cell killing. SLC-0111 treatment in combination with immune-checkpoint inhibitors led to the sensitization of tumors to ICB, which led to an enhanced Th1 response, decreased tumor growth, and reduced metastasis. We identified that increased expression of CA9 is associated with a reduced Th1 response in metastatic melanoma and basal-like breast cancer TCGA cohorts. These data suggest that targeting CAIX in the TME in combination with ICB is a potential therapeutic strategy for enhancing response and survival in patients with hypoxic solid malignancies.
RNA Sequencing Analysis for the Identification of a PCM1/PDGFRB Fusion Gene Responsive to Imatinib
Authors: Such Esperanza , Liquori Alessandro , Mora Elvira , Marco-Ayala Javier , Avetisyan Gayane , Regadera Anabel , Ibañez Fernanda , Panadero Joaquin , Senent Leonor , Llop Marta , Díaz Alvaro , Vicente Ana , Luna Irene , Ibáñez Mariam , Barragán Eva , Sanz Miguel A. , Sanz Guillermo , Communidad Valenciana  , Cervera José
Published: May 2019

The platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRB) gene translocations lead to a spectrum of chronic myeloid neoplasms, frequently associated with eosinophilia. Clinical heterogeneity is associated with a molecular one. Here, we report a novel case of a patient harboring a t(5;8)(q33;p22) translocation, resulting in the PCM1/PDGFRB fusion. Conventional cytogenetics and RNA sequencing were performed to identify the chromosomes and the genes involved in the rearrangement, respectively. This study shows that the combination of different strategies is pivotal to fine-tune the diagnosis and the clinical management of the patient. After 1 year of treatment with imatinib, the patient achieves hematological and molecular remission. We present an attractive strategy to identify novel and/or cryptic fusions, which will be relevant for clinicians dealing with the diagnosis of the patients with myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative diseases with atypical manifestations.
Relationships of Habitual Alcohol Intake with Erythrocyte-Related Indices in Middle-Aged Japanese Men
Authors: Wakabayashi Ichiro
Published: May 2019

Background: Anemia is induced by chronic alcohol abuse. However, it remains to be clarified whether a habitual alcohol intake affects erythrocyte-related indices in a general population. Methods: The subjects were 16,014 Japanese male workers aged 30–65 years. The subjects were divided into non-, occasional, and regular drinkers based on the frequency of alcohol consumption. Regular drinkers were further quantitatively divided based on their daily alcohol consumption into light, moderate, and heavy drinkers. Relationships between alcohol drinking and erythrocyte-related indices were investigated. Results: Erythrocyte counts and hemoglobin levels tended to be lower and higher, respectively, with increases in the frequency and amount of drinking. In logistic regression analysis, the odds ratios (OR) for abnormally low erythrocyte counts of moderate and heavy drinkers vs. nondrinkers were significantly higher than the reference level of 1.00 and the values tended to be higher with an increase in the alcohol intake. The OR vs. nondrinkers for abnormally low levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit were significantly lower than the reference level in all of the drinker groups and they were lowest in light drinkers among the drinker groups. Conclusion: A habitual alcohol intake has different associations with erythrocyte counts and hemoglobin and with low erythrocyte counts and low hemoglobin. Thus, alcohol is thought to have diverse effects on erythropoiesis.
Protective Effect of 4% Titanium Tetrafluoride Varnish on Dentin Demineralization Using a Microcosm Biofilm Model
Authors: dos Santos Daiana Moreli Soares , Pires Juliana Gonçalves , Silva Aline Braga , Salomão Priscila Maria Aranda , Buzalaf Marília Afonso Rabelo , Magalhães Ana Carolina
Published: May 2019

This study evaluated the effect of titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) varnish on the development of dentin carious lesions. Bovine root dentin samples were treated for 6 h with: (A) 4% TiF4 varnish (2.45% F); (B) 5.42% sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish (2.45% F); (C) 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel – positive control; (D) placebo varnish; or (E) untreated – negative control (n = 4 × biological triplicate, n = 12). Treated dentin samples were exposed to human saliva mixed with McBain saliva (1:50) for the first 8 h in 24-well plates. Thereafter, the medium was removed, and McBain saliva containing 0.2% sucrose was applied for 16 h. From days 2 to 5, McBain saliva with sucrose was replaced daily (37°C, 5% CO2). The demineralization was measured using transverse microradiography, while the effect on biofilm was analyzed using viability, extracellular polysaccharide (EPS), and lactic acid production assays. The data were statistically analyzed (p < 0.05). All treatments (fluorides and CHX) significantly reduced the biofilm viability compared to placebo varnish and negative control. However, none of them was able to reduce the colony-forming unit counting for total microorganism, total streptococci, and Streptococcus mutans. NaF significantly reduced the number of Lactobacillus sp. compared to negative control. No effect was seen on lactic acid production neither on EPS synthesis, except that CHX significantly reduced the amount of insoluble EPS. Both fluorides were able to reduce dentin demineralization compared to placebo varnish and negative control; TiF4 had a better effect in reducing mineral loss and lesion depth than NaF. Therefore, TiF4 varnish has the best protective effect on dentin carious lesion formation using this model.
Ventricular Dysfunction, Interdependence, and Mechanical Dispersion in Newborn Infants with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Massolo Anna Claudia , Paria Anshuman , Hunter Lindsey , Finlay Emma , Davis Carl F. , Patel Neil
Published: May 2019

Background: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in the neonatal period. Pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary hypoplasia are key pathological findings. Cardiac function may also be an important determinant of disease severity, prognostic indicator, and therapeutic target in CDH. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess ventricular mechanics and synchrony in infants with CDH and controls using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE). Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed of echocardiograms obtained in the first 48 h of life in 27 infants with CDH and 20 controls. STE-derived longitudinal strain (LS) was measured in the right and left ventricles (RV, LV). Circumferential strain (CS) and radial strain (RS) were additionally measured in the LV. Mechanical dispersion (MD), a measure of synchrony, was assessed by calculation of the standard deviation of time to peak systolic strain in six ventricular segments. Results: RV LS and LV LS, LV CS, and LV RS were significantly reduced in CDH compared to controls. In the LV free wall, LS and RS were significantly reduced in CDH. LV LS correlated significantly with RV LS in CDH cases (r2 = 0.37, p = 0.002), but not controls (r2 = 0.19, p = 0.06). LV LS also correlated with LV MD in CDH (r2 = 0.25, p = 0.01) but not controls (r2 = 0.02, p = 0.54). Conclusions: Global impairment of RV and LV systolic function are present in newborn infants with CDH and are associated with primary left ventricular dysfunction, ventricular interdependence, and MD.
Perioperative Hemostatic Management of a Pediatric Patient with Glanzmann Thrombasthenia Undergoing Osteoplastic Craniotomy and Hematoma Removal: A Case Report
Authors: Lee Sung Min , Kim Kyu Nam , Kim Soo Yeon
Published: May 2019

Glanzmann thrombasthenia is an uncommon hereditary disease that involves an abnormal platelet function leading to complicated hemostatic problems. In situations of anticipated hemorrhage, irradiated apheresed platelets are the first line of treatment. In addition, a combination of recombinant factor VIIa and an antifibrinolytic agent such as tranexamic acid can be utilized to minimize bleeding. Here we are present stable management of a pediatric patient with Glanzmann thrombasthenia admitted for traumatic epidural hematoma removal. Due to the condition of the operation site, some blood loss was unavoidable. However, hemostasis was successfully controlled, and the patient was discharged without additional complications.
Towards a Multi-Level Phenomenology of Delusional Disorder: The Dissociative Thought-Script
Authors: Treise Cate , Brown Richard J. , Perez Jesus
Published: May 2019

Delusional disorder (DD) is still considered a diagnosis of exclusion for a difficult-to-treat condition characterised by the presence of delusional beliefs in the absence of other psychiatric symptoms. Attempts to contextualise psychological processes recognised since the earliest observations of this disorder have had very limited impact on improving some fixed beliefs. In the Cambridge Early Intervention in Psychosis Service we have observed a particular phenomenon, often categorised as a delusional idea in the context of DD, which manifests through highly repetitive belief expression that fails to respond to pharmacological and psychological treatments. Key aspects of this phenomenon are similar to those observed in dissociative (functional neurological) presentations. Drawing on the Integrative Cognitive Model of functional neurological disorders, we developed a successful psychological intervention that places less emphasis on challenging delusional content and focuses more on dismantling dissociation and underlying affective factors associated with the activation of the fixed belief. Our initial findings reinforce the need to continue developing a multi-level phenomenological approach to define a variety of symptoms traditionally grouped under the concept of “delusion.”
Patient safety culture from the perspective of workers and primary health care teams
Authors: Raimondi Daiane Cortêz , Bernal Suelen Cristina Zandonadi , Matsuda Laura Misue
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVE: Analyze if the patient safety culture among professionals in the primary health care differs among health care teams. METHODS: Cross-sectional and quantitative study conducted in April and May 2017, in a city in Southern Brazil. A total of 144 professionals who responded to the questionnaire “Survey on Patient Safety Culture in Primary Health Care” participated in the study. Data were analyzed in the Statistical Analysis Software program and expressed in percentage of positive responses. The ethical principles established for research with human beings were applied. RESULTS: Patient safety culture is positive among 50.81% of the professionals, and the dimensions “your health service” (63.39%) and “patient safety and quality” (61.22%) obtained the highest average of positive responses. Significant differences were found between the family health and oral health teams (α = 0.05 and p < 0.05), in the dimensions “patient safety” (p = 0.0274) and “work at the health service” (p = 0.0058). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that, although close to the average, patient safety culture among professionals in the Primary Health Care is positive and that there are differences in safety culture between family health and oral health teams in comparison with the primary health care teams.
Scheduling models and primary health care quality
Authors: Vidal Tiago Barra , Rocha Suelen Alves , Harzheim Erno , Hauser Lisiane , Tesser Charles Dalcanale
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the scheduling model influences the perception of the user about the quality of primary health care centers. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional and population-based study that measured the quality of centers by the Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCATool-Brazil), applied to adult users (n = 409) from 11 health centers in Florianópolis, state of Santa Catarina. Multilevel analysis was used to verify the relationship between the score of general quality of the primary health care and the scheduling model. The independent variables (age, skin color, scheduling model, panel size by primary health team, poverty ratio as income proxy, number of health teams, presence of economically interest areas, number of medical appointments in one year per primary health team, number of people treated in one year per health team), with p < 0.20 were selected for the multilevel model, which was adjusted with aggregates of information from users and health centers. RESULTS: The health center that used advanced access had a general score of 7.04, while those using a weekly carve-out had a score of 6.26; the carve-out every 15 days, score of 5.87; and the traditional carve-out, score of 6.29. CONCLUSIONS: The scheduling model of advanced access had a positive effect on the quality of primary health care, in the perception of users.
Multicenter, Prospective, Controlled, Before-and-After, Quality Improvement Study (Stroke123) of Acute Stroke Care
Authors: Cadilhac Dominique A. , Grimley Rohan , Kilkenny Monique F. , Andrew Nadine E. , Lannin Natasha A. , Hill Kelvin , Grabsch Brenda , Levi Christopher R. , Thrift Amanda G. , Faux Steven G. , Wakefield John , Cadigan Greg , Donnan Geoffrey A. , Middleton Sandy , Anderson Craig S. ,   on behalf of the Stroke123 Investigators and AuSCR Consortium
Published: May 2019

Background and Purpose—

Hospital uptake of evidence-based stroke care is variable. We aimed to determine the impact of a multicomponent program involving financial incentives and quality improvement interventions, on stroke care processes.

Methods—

A prospective study of interventions to improve clinical care quality indicators at 19 hospitals in Queensland, Australia, during 2010 to 2015, compared with historical controls and 23 other Australian hospitals. After baseline routine audit and feedback (control phase, 30 months), interventions involving financial incentives (21 months) and then addition of externally facilitated quality improvement workshops with action plan development (9 months) were implemented. Postintervention phase was 13 months. Data were obtained for the analysis from a previous continuous audit in Queensland and subsequently the Australian Stroke Clinical Registry. Primary outcome: change in median composite score for adherence to ≤8 indicators. Secondary outcomes: change in adherence to self-selected indicators addressed in action plans and 4 national indicators compared with other Australian hospitals. Multivariable analyses with adjustment for clustered data.

Results—

There were 17 502 patients from the intervention sites (median age, 74 years; 46% women) and 20 484 patients from other Australian hospitals. Patient characteristics were similar between groups. There was an 18% improvement in the primary outcome across the study periods (95% CI, 12%–24%). The largest improvement was following introduction of financial incentives (14%; 95% CI, 8%–20%), while indicators addressed in action plans provided an 8% improvement (95% CI, 1%–17%). The national score (4 indicators) improved by 17% (95% CI, 13%–20%) versus 0% change in other Australian hospitals (95% CI, −0.03 to 0.03). Access to stroke units improved more in Queensland than in other Australian hospitals (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—

The quality improvement interventions significantly improved clinical practice. The findings were primarily driven by financial incentives, but were also contributed to by the externally facilitated, quality improvement workshops. Assessment in other regions is warranted.
Gouverner C’est Prévoir – Trappings of Value Distribution: a Prolegomenon to the African Union’s Hissène Habré Trust Fund for Victims
Authors: Kayuni Steven William , Gondwe Mtendere Mute
Published: May 2019

Since Hissène Habré’s Judgment by the Extraordinary African Chambers (EAC), the world has anxiously awaited the processes that the African Union (AU) would put in place for the amelioration of the victims’ circumstances. Pursuant to the AU’s pledge and unfaltering support for the EAC, in early 2018 the AU Heads of State and Government Assembly adopted a Statute establishing the Hissène Habré Victims Trust Fund. It is anticipated that the Fund is likely to be an unsteady vehicle facing numerous challenges regarding law and policy formulation, interpretation and implementation, such as flawed decision-making processes, and a lack of proper policy direction and State cooperation, which have the potential of heavily impeding this international criminal justice enterprise. However, there exists an opportunistic trajectory for the Fund as the current trends, practices and rich jurisprudence of other criminal tribunals and courts can inform the Fund’s processes and positions. The Fund’s decision-makers should make a concerted effort in a sturdy and convergent direction that mirrors the victims’ potential values, consonant outcomes and responsibilities.
Inferring global species richness from megatransect data and undetected species estimates
Authors: Huber Bernhard A. , Chao Anne
Published: May 2019

Ratio-like approaches for estimating global species richness have been criticised for their unjustified extrapolation from regional to global patterns. Here we explore the use of cumulative percentages of ‘new’ (i.e., not formally described) species over large geographic areas (‘megatransects’) as a means to overcome this problem. In addition, we take into account undetected species and illustrate these combined methods by applying them to a family of spiders (Pholcidae) that currently contains some 1,700 described species. The raw global cumulative percentage of new species (‘new’ as of the end of 2008, when 1,001 species were formally described) is 75.1%, and is relatively constant across large biogeographic regions. Undetected species are estimated using the Chao2 estimator based on species incidence data (date by species and locality by species matrices). The estimated percentage of new species based on the date by species matrices is 76.0% with an estimated standard error (s.e.) of 2.6%. This leads to an estimated global species richness of about 4,200 with a 95% confidence interval of (3,300, 5,000). The corresponding values based on locality by species matrices are 84.2% (s.e. 3.0%) and 6,300 with a 95% confidence interval of (4,000, 8,600). Our results suggest that the currently known 1,700 species of Pholcidae may represent no more than about 25–40% of the total species richness. The impact of further biasing factors like geography, species size and distribution, cryptic species, and model assumptions needs to be explored.
Plan Z: The Popular Front, Civil-Military Relations and the French Army’s Plan to Defeat a Second Paris Commune, 1934–1936
Authors: Orr Andrew
Published: May 2019

Following the formation of the Popular Front in 1934, French generals feared that the alliance, which included the French Communist Party (pcf), could foreshadow a coming revolt in Paris. Generals Maxime Weygand and Maurice Gamelin responded by preparing to implement Plan Z, a plan to defeat a Parisian revolt. Given politicians’ fear that many French officers were antirepublican, the French Army would have faced a major political crisis if Plan Z had leaked. Plan Z called for a multidivisional assault on Paris, which showed that the General Staff believed a large-scale revolution was possible. Understanding the development of Plan Z adds to scholars’ recognition of French officers’ long-term fear of communism and mistrust of civilians. It reveals that senior officers were more politicized and afraid of civilians than most scholars have realized and helps explain the military’s central role in betraying the Third Republic and creating the Vichy Regime in 1940.
Pranks, Tropes and Raspberries: The Dialogic Demeanour of Satire’s Creative Horizon
Authors: Baldacchino John
Published: May 2019

This essay starts off with a modern-day court jester (Nobel laureate Dario Fo) praising a Pope (Albino Luciani, who became John Paul I). Fo presents us with an historic moment: Luciani scandalises his Church by calling God “Mother.” With utmost seriousness, Fo appreciates the Pope’s kindness and warmth by which the artist perceives a way of scandalising the world out of complacency. In their idealised and situated presentations of the world, the sacred and the profane return the necessary to the contingent (and vice-versa) as moments of equal attention and distraction. Likewise, irony and satire mark our situated sense of the ideal by an inability to unlearn the certainties by which we are urged to construct our world. This is done by first presenting a situated pedagogical context that refuses to provide solutions presumed on measurement, certainty or finality. Secondly this begins to lay claim to the political, aesthetic and moral values that are gained through art’s ironic disposition. Thirdly, through our contingent states of being we begin to understand how education is culturally conditioned and why we need to shift it to another gear – that of unlearning through a weak pedagogy. An atheist, Fo suggests that thanks to Pope Luciani, we now could endear to the Holy Spirit as a spirito ridens, a spirit that laughs. Here one finds a kenotic sense that gives us a glimpse in how an ironic disposition owes its strength and effectiveness to a weak pedagogy. By dint of such weakness, the jester’s pedagogical disposition becomes a form of resistance, exiting the Court in order to be with the people and consequently transformed by the people.
The Distribution and Status of the Rhinoceros, Dicerorhinus Sumatrensis, in Borneo — A Review
Authors: Rookmaaker L.C.
Published: May 2019

In the second half of the 19th century, the rhinoceros occurred throughout Borneo except southern Sarawak, northwestern Kalimantan and some parts of southern Kalimantan. The animal was extinct in the coastal and other populated areas in about 1930, especially in the southern part of Kalimantan. Presently some small populations remain, scattered over the Sarawak interior (if the rhinoceros survives at all there), northeastern Sabah, possibly also southern Sabah and around Mt. Kinabalu, and the interior of Central and East Kalimantan. It is estimated that some 15 to 25 rhinos are still alive in Borneo.
The Neotropical Mailed Catfishes of the Genera Lamontichthys P. de Miranda Ribeiro, 1939 and Pterosturiosma N. gen.,
Authors: Isbrücker I.J.H. , Nijssen H.
Published: May 2019

Descriptions and illustrations are given of four species of mailed catfishes belonging to the subfamily Loricariinae, tribe Harttiini. Two species are assigned to Lamontichthys P. de Miranda Ribeiro, 1939: Lamontichthys filamentosus (La Monte, 1935) (type-species, of which Harttia filamentissima C. H. Eigenmann & Allen, 1942, is provisionally considered a junior synonym), based on a total of thirteen specimens, including all type-specimens, from Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, and Ecuador (all from tributaries of the Rio Amazonas system), and Lamontichthys stibaros n. sp., based on two specimens from Ecuador, sympatric with the former species.
A New Subterranean Crustacean from Southern Italy, Metahadzia Adriatica n. sp., with notes on Hadzia Minuta Ruffo (Amphipoda, Gammaridae)
Authors: Pesce Giuseppe Lucio
Published: May 2019

A new subterranean amphipod from southern Italy, Metahadzia adriatica, is described, and new localities for Hadzia minuta Ruffo, 1947, are reported. The morphology of the latter justifies its allocation in the genus Metahadzia.
Genital Ducts in Several Species of the Cyclophorid Genus Leptopoma (Mollusca, Mesogastropoda)
Authors: Jonges K.
Published: May 2019

In sixteen species of the cyclophorid genus Leptopoma female genital ducts were examined; in four species male genital ducts were examined as well. In the females, bursa copulatrix and receptaculum seminis were found to open into the mantle cavity, close to the longitudinal genital aperture. Bursa copulatrix and receptaculum seminis — when present — in cyclophorid snails, were hitherto described having openings into the pallial oviduct (Weber, Tielecke, Berry, Kasinathan).
On Dugesia Gonocephala from Western Europe
Authors: de Vries Elizabeth J. , Ball Ian R.
Published: May 2019

Dugesia gonocephala s.l. is often considered to be a “superspecies” comprising numerous component “microspecies” which are morphologically, karyologically, and reproductively delimited. We have studied populations of D. gonocephala from France, Belgium and The Netherlands and found them to be fairly uniform in respect of most features studied. Nevertheless, discrepancies between them and the “classical” concept of this species as embodied in the literature have raised doubts as to the status and identity of D. gonocephala s. str. A proper understanding of the relationships of the D. gonocephala group can not be obtained without resolution of this problem.
A New Cave Amphipod (Crustacea) from Curacçao: Psammogammarus Caesicolus n. sp.
Authors: Stock Jan H.
Published: May 2019

A new species of Amphipoda, Psammogammarus caesicolus, is described from interstitial, anchihaline waters in Blauwbaai cave, Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles. By the morphology of the third uropod, the new species links the somewhat aberrant Ps. longiramus from the Red Sea with the type-species of the genus, Ps. coecus, from the Mediterranean.
Taxonomic Characters in Caribbean Millepora Species (Hydrozoa, Coelenterata)
Authors: de Weerdt Walentina H.
Published: May 2019

In order to find characters in Millepora species with a higher diagnostic value than the growth form (on which species delimitation is hitherto based) a comparison is made of the surface structure, microstructure of the skeleton, structure of the ampullae coverings, size of the gastropores and dactylopores, and pore density in specimens of the four species occurring in the Caribbean region: Millepora alcicornis, M. complanata, M. squarrosa, and M. striata. While most characters are of little taxonomic value, pore sizes and densities are surprisingly useful. The species are diagnosed and some biogeographical remarks are given.
A New Species of Pygocrangonyx, an Amphipod Genus with African Affinities, from Fuerteventura
Authors: Stock Jan H. , Rondé-Broekhuizen Brigitte L.M.
Published: May 2019

A group of exclusively subterranean Amphipoda, the Metacrangonyx group, is distributed mainly in northwestern Africa, with peripheral isolates on the Balearic Islands and in the Sinai desert.
Naididae (Oligochaeta) from Subterranean Waters of West Indian Islands - Distribution, Taxonomic Remarks and Description of a New Species
Authors: Dumnicka Elżbieta
Published: May 2019

Fourteen species of the family Naididae from various subterranean habitats are recorded. Taxonomic remarks concerning variations in setation are provided. The structure of the genital organs of some species is described. A new species of the genus Dero is described.
Morphological and Genetic Differentiation of Gammarus Stupendus Pinkster, 1983 in the Massif de la Sainte Baume, France
Authors: Scheepmaker Maarten
Published: May 2019

Morphologically distinct populations of the Gammarus pulex group which should be attributed to at least three species applying morphological criteria postulated by Karaman & Pinkster (1977) have been reported in the Massif de la Sainte Baume (southern France). These populations proved to be completely interfertile and thus were considered conspecific. This group of populations, in which three major forms A, B and C were distinguished, has been described as Gammarus stupendus Pinkster, 1983.
The Amphipod Genus Pseudoniphargus (Crustacea) in the Canary Islands
Authors: Stock Jan H.
Published: May 2019

Pseudoniphargus was known from inland stygohabitats in the Iberian peninsula, the Azores, Madeira, N.W. Africa, and Bermuda, but not from the Canary Islands. Systematic sampling in six of the seven larger islands of the latter archipelago has revealed the presence of the genus in Tenerife (4 species), La Palma (2 species), La Gomera (1 species), and El Hierro (1 species). No Pseudoniphargus has been found in Lanzarote and Fuerteventura; Gran Canaria has not been sampled systematically.
Copepods from intertidal interstitial water of Salvador, Brazil. I. Cuipora janaina gen. n., sp. n. & Cyclopina caiala sp. n. (Cyclopoida: Cyclopinidae)
Authors: Lotufo Guilherme Ribeiro , da Rocha Carlos Eduardo Falavigna
Published: May 2019

Cuipora janaina gen. n., sp. n., and Cyclopina caiala sp. n. are described from the interstitial water of a sandy beach in Salvador, Bahia (Brazil).
New and little-known pseudoscorpions of the genus Roncus L. Koch (Neobisiidae, Pseudoscorpiones) from Serbia, Yugoslavia
Authors: Ćurčić Božidar P.M.
Published: May 2019

Two new species of Roncus L. Koch, 1873 (R. svarozici n. sp. and R. svanteviti n. sp.), collected in eastern and southeastern Serbia, Yugoslavia, are described and their distribution is given. A supplementary description of R. pljakici Ćurčić, 1973, is provided as well.
Eusarsiella bedoyai (Myodocopida, Sarsiellidae), a new ostracode species from a marine lava cave in the Canary Islands
Authors: Baltanás Angel
Published: May 2019

A new species of the ostracode genus Eusarsiella (Myodocopida, Sarsiellidae) is described from a marine lava tube in Lanzarote (Canary Islands) and compared with other species known to occur in the same geographical area. Eusarsiella bedoyai n. sp. is the second species in that genus described from anchialine caves. Its importance in determining the origin of the stygobiont fauna is briefly discussed.
Peraclis valdiviae from the Banda Sea (Mollusca, Pteropoda)
Authors: van der Spoel S.
Published: May 2019

The shell of Peraclis valdiviae (Meisenheimer, 1905) from Banda Sea specimens proved to be of a slender Peraclis bispinosa-like type. The specimens showed a very shallow distribution in the Banda Sea due to relatively high deep-water temperatures and vertical mixing.
The scientific career of the zoologist Max Wilhelm Carl Weber (1852—1937)
Authors: Pieter Florence F.J.M. , de Visser Jaap
Published: May 2019

It is shown that the pinnacle of Max Weber’s scientific career was the organization and leadership of the Siboga Expedition to the former Netherlands East Indies (now Indonesia) in the years 1899—1900. Before that time, as Professor of both General and Special Zoology at the University of Amsterdam, he had devoted his research mainly to the anatomy of mammals, which resulted in the fundamental reference work Die Säugetiere published in first edition in 1904.
A standardized description of European Sminthuridae (Collembola, Symphypleona), 1: genera Lipothrix, Gisinurus, and Caprainea
Authors: Nayrolles Pierre
Published: May 2019

A new standard description of Collembola Symphypleona is proposed. In particular, a standard table of the appendicular chaetotaxy (antennae, legs, and furcula) is given. According to this presentation, the following species are redescribed: Lipothrix lubbocki (Tullberg, 1872), Gisinurus malatestai Dallai, 1970, Caprainea marginata (Schött, 1893), and Caprainea bremondi (Delamare & Bassot, 1957).
Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Archimonocelididae Meixner, 1938 (Platyhelminthes, Proseriata)
Authors: Martens Paul M. , Curini-Galletti Marco C.
Published: May 2019

The family Archimonocelididae Meixner, 1938 has been revised. The family contains two subfamilies, each comprising two genera: the Archimonocelidinae with Archimonocelis Meixner, 1938 and Meidiama Marcus, 1946, and the Calviriinae subfam. nov. with Asilomaria Karling, 1966 and Calviria gen. nov. with 20, 2, 1, and 3 species, respectively, 13 of which are new to science.
Phylogeny and biogeography of the Niphargus transitivus group of species (Crustacea, Amphipoda)
Authors: Sket Boris , Notenboom Jos
Published: May 2019

The Niphargus transitivus group includes 12 groundwaterdwellingspecies. It is defined by an upright body position during locomotion,a small, stout body with short appendages, except for long coxae and dactyli, coxae V-VI equilobate or posterolobate, accessory flagellum subject to reduction, and the body endowed with adaptations for volvation (= ability to enroll into a ball).
Neocyclops Gurney from Brazilian sandy beaches (Copepoda: Cyclopoida)
Authors: Lotufo Guilherme Ribeiro , da Rocha Carlos Eduardo Falavigna
Published: May 2019

Neocyclops medius Herbst, 1955 and Neocyclops vicinus (Herbst, 1955) are redescribed from intertidal interstitial water of sandy beaches along the Brazilian coast. The male of N. vicinus is described for the first time.
Nouvelles données sur les Asellidae épigés d’Extrême-Orient (Crustacea, Isopoda, Asellota)
Authors: Henry Jean-Paul , Magniez Guy
Published: May 2019

Numerous samples of oculate Asellus from eastern Siberia and the Japanese Islands, one from southern China, and one from Alaska, have been studied. The epigean fresh waters of this large Asiatic region generally harbour populations identified as Asellus (Asellus) hilgendorfii Bovallius, 1886, or some of its geographical forms previously considered as species, subspecies, or not yet named. The “hilgendorfii”complex seems to possess the dimension of a superspecies.
Nausithoe aurea n. sp. (Scyphozoa: Coronatae: Nausithoidae), a species with two pathways of reproduction after strobilation: sexual and asexual
Authors: da Silveira Fábio Lang , Morandini André Carrara
Published: May 2019

Nausithoe aurea, a new species of scyphozoan Coronatae, is described from São Paulo State, Brazil. The solitary scyphistomae, with some zooxanthellae, strobilated producing planuloids and medusae; this represents an intermediate life cycle between that of metagenetic Nausithoidae and the submarine cave-dwelling, reduced medusa stage of Nausithoe planulophora (Werner, 1971). The periderm tube of the scyphistomae has 16 internal cusps in all whorls. The medusae present yellow pigment spots in most of their lappets. The early embryonic development is briefly described. Planuloid formation is hypothesized as explanation for polyp-stage philopatry.
A revision of the Trimeresurus puniceus-complex (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae) based on morphological and molecular data
Authors: DAVID PATRICK , VOGEL GERNOT , VIJAYAKUMAR S. P. , VIDAL NICOLAS
Published: May 2019

The brown Asian pitvipers of the genus Trimeresurus related to Trimeresurus puniceus (informal Trimeresurus puniceus-complex) are revised on the basis of morphological and molecular analyses. Variation in morphological characters were investigated among 119 specimens from 62 populations of the whole range of the pitvipers currently known as Trimeresurus puniceus (Boie, 1827), Trimeresurus borneensis (Peters, 1872) and Trimeresurus brongersmai Hoge, 1969. Molecular and morphological analyses clearly differentiate two groups of taxa, referrable to the informal Trimeresurus puniceus-group and Trimeresurus borneensis-group, and confirm the distinct specific status of T. puniceus and T. borneensis. Morphological univariate and multivariate analyses differentiate six clusters of populations that are morphologically diagnosable, of which five are here considered to represent independent lineages and one is placed incertae sedis pending the availability of further specimens. These clusters are considered to be distinct species following the Biological Species Concept and the Phylogenetic Species Concept. One of them is described as a new species, Trimeresurus andalasensis spec. nov. (T. borneensis-group), which includes populations from northern Sumatra. Trimeresurus wiroti Trutnau, 1981 is revalidated to accommodate populations from Thailand and West Malaysia. Trimeresurus borneensis is here considered endemic to Borneo. Trimeresurus puniceus is known from Java and from South Sumatra, but the taxonomy of this species in Sumatra is left unresolved. Also left unresolved is the taxonomic position of specimens from western Sumatra and the Mentawai Archipelago, and from the Natuna Islands and Anamba Islands. Although belonging to the T. puniceus-group, they show some differences to other specimens of the group. They are not referred to any taxon pending the collection of additional specimens. Lastly, Trimeresurus brongersmai is confirmed as a valid species from the Mentawai Archipelago. A key to these taxa is provided.
Checklist of the ostracod (Crustacea) fauna of Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan
Authors: SCHORNIKOV EVGENY I.
Published: May 2019

Studies of the ostracod fauna of Peter the Great Bay are reviewed. Fragmentary data scattered in 37 publications are summarized, resulting in an annotated checklist of 194 species. The superfamily Terrestricytheroidea Schornikov, 1969 is raised to suborder rank, and Cytherois asamushiensis Ishizaki, 1971 is removed to genus Paracytheroma.
A new genus and species of tarsonemid mite (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from Brazil
Authors: LOFEGO ANTONIO C. , FERES REINALDO J.F.
Published: May 2019

Biscutulumnemus neotropicus gen. nov., sp. nov. (Tarsonemidae: Tarsoneminae: Tarsonemini) is described from adult female and male mites, collected on Croton floribundus Spreng., from São José do Rio Preto, State of São Paulo, Brazil. This new genus resembles members of Dendroptus and Tarsonemus, but male mites have two triangular shields anterolaterally to the prodorsal shield and the sejugal apodeme is absent. In addition, Biscutulumnemus differs from Dendroptus by the presence of femoral seta l’’ and tibial solenidion φ1 and the presence of a vestigial apodeme I onfemale mites. Unlike Tarsonemus, Biscutulumnemus has a beaklike gnathosomal capsule, a round flange on leg IV of male mites, and stigmata very close to v1 on the prodorsal shield of female mites.
New phallodrilines (Annelida: Clitellata: Tubificidae) from Western Australian groundwater
Authors: PINDER ADRIAN M. , EBERHARD S. M. , HUMPHREYS WILLIAM F.
Published: May 2019

Four species of phallodriline tubificids (Clitellata: Tubificidae) from karst aquifers and caves along the west coast of the state of Western Australia are the first records of this subfamily from nonmarine waters in the southern hemisphere. Aktedrilus parvithecatus (Erséus 1978) and Pectinodrilus ningaloo n. sp. occur in anchialine groundwater of Cape Range, along with other taxa of marine affinity. Aktedrilus leeuwinensis n. sp. and Aktedrilus podeilema n. sp. occur in caves of the Leeuwin-Naturaliste Ridge and Perth Basin respectively and are the first taxa of marine lineage to have been collected from these systems.
A new genus and two new species of whiteflies from Australia (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Authors: GILLESPIE PETER S.
Published: May 2019

Pseudosynaleurodicus gen. n. is described with two new species, P. mayoi sp. n. and P. nigrimarginatus sp. n. These new taxa have some exceptional morphological characters, including emarginate bulla-like terminal tarsal segments, two segmented legs, and features of the vasiform orifice. Placement of these taxa in the Aleurodicinae is tentative given some of their extraordinary morphological characters.
Phyllodesmium rudmani (Mollusca: Nudibranchia: Aeolidoidea), a new solar powered species from the Indo-West Pacific with data on its symbiosis with zooxanthellae
Authors: BURGHARDT INGO , GOSLINER TERRENCE M.
Published: May 2019

A new Phyllodesmium species, P. rudmani sp. nov., is described from North Sulawesi, Indonesia and from Luzon Island, the Philippines. The new species is associated with the octocoral Xenia sp. Its external morphology is similar to other Xenia associated Phyllodesmium species, except the unique morphology of the cerata, that mimic closed polyps of Xenia. The digestive glandular branching system within the cerata is similar to that of P. jakobsenae Burghardt & Wägele, 2004, a species that was found associated with the same species of Xenia and at the same locality in Indonesia as P. rudmani. The masticatory border of the jaw with a few large denticles is similar to several other species of Phyllodemium that feed on Xenia, as are the radular teeth with numerous small denticles. The lobate receptaculum seminis is similar to that described for P. magnum Rudman, 1991, whereas the remaining species have a smooth pyriform receptaculum. Behavioural notes of the new species are given and active photosynthesis due to zooxanthellae (Dinophyceae of the genus Symbiodinium) in the digestive gland was measured in situ with a Diving-PAM (Pulse Amplitude Modulated Fluorometer). Experiments with P. rudmani indicate a symbiotic relationship with zooxanthellae, at least for three weeks. These results are compared to the ones of P. jakobsenae. Histological investigation of the cerata of P. rudmani suggests relatively high efficiency of the symbiosis for the new species because of the high grade of branching of the digestive gland.