bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmaceutical and Analytical Study of Two Types of Shatiyadi Kashaya Ghanvati
Authors: Shivani Sharma  , Pardeep Kapil  , Abhishek  , Pankaj Sharma
Published: March 2023

Among the Panchvidha kashaya kalpana, Kwatha kalpana is the most significant dosage form in Ayurvedic pharmaceutics which is used worldwide. However it has some disadvantages like shorter shelf life, bitter taste and inconvenience in preparation, transportation and storage. To overcome these difficulties the Kwatha kalpana is being modified into Ghanvati without compromising the therapeutic efficacy. Shatiyadi kashaya ghanvati is a modified tablet form of the classical polyherbal formulation Shatiyadi kashaya. In this study, efforts have been made to establish analytical standards for two types of Shatiyadi kashaya ghanvati which were not available till date. Aims and objectives: To prepare two types of Shatiyadi kashaya ghanvati as mentioned in classical texts and do the comparative analysis of their physico-chemical properties. Materials And Methods: The study involves the preparation of Shatiyadi kashaya as per Ayurvedic texts (type I acc. to Bhaishajya Ratnavali and type II acc. to Bharat Bhaishajya Ratnakar) which was then modified into Ghanvati. Thereafter samples of Shatiyadi kashaya ghanvati type I and type II were taken for the comparative pharmaceutical and physicochemical study. Result and Conclusion: The physico-chemical analysis of two types of Shatiyadi kashaya ghanvati revealed that all test parameters were within API limits which ensure the safety and purity of the drug.
Critical Analysis of Pathya in Pandu Roga
Authors: Afroja Yeasmin Akhtar Roji  , Murlidhar Paliwal
Published: March 2023

Desire of life is the most important one to lead qualitative life. To fulfil this desire a healthy diet and regimen or lifestyle should be followed. Wholesome (Pathya) and unwholesome (Apathya) diet plays an important role to maintain health of healthy individual as well in treatment field to get relief from the diseased state. Ayurveda emphasizes upon the concept of Pathya-apathya along with medicine to complete the treatment procedure. Panduroga (anaemia) is a clinical condition represented with the reduction of haemoglobin concentration of blood according to the age, sex, and physiological condition of an individual. In developing countries, it becomes a global problem. In India more than 50% among the vulnerable groups such as pregnant women, infants, young children and adolescents are suffering from anaemia. Government of India has launched different types of programs, like National Nutritional Anaemia Control Program, National Iron Plus Initiative for Anaemia Control program, ICDS etc in different time according to prevalence of anaemia as a preventive measure. To reduce the prevalence of anaemia government has launched POSHANA ABHIYAN in march 2018 to make ANAEMIA MUKTA BHARAT. Prevention and control of anaemia is one of the key strategies of health sector which can be fulfilled by following different guidelines and comprehensive actions in terms of Pathya. Therefore, in this article we are trying to draw a concept of Pathya in relation to Pandu (haemoglobin level- below the 10gm/dl and above 7gm/dl, through diet and regimen) which may helpful to eradicate prevalence of IDA.
A Critical Appraisal on Ayurvedaone Swarnaprashana
Authors: Manoj Kumar Samantaray  , Anjali Asok
Published: March 2023

The administration of processed gold to children is a unique method described in Ayurveda as "Swarnaprashana" by Acharya Kashyapa thousands of years ago. He clearly discussed the administration of Swarna (gold) in children for the benefits of boosting cognition, digestion and metabolism, physical strength, immunity, complexion, fertility, and life span. There are numerous gold formulations and even herbal medications stated by several Acharya for long-term use in children. Swarnaprashana in children is primarily associated with two Ayurvedic contexts: Lehana (supplement) and Jatakarma Samskara (newborn care).
This review is an attempt to objectively assess the Ayurvedaone Swarnaprashana with available data. The mode of administration, and advantages prescribed by Susrutha Samhita are covered below, along with information from associated scientific investigations. According to this assessment, the benefits of Swarnaprashana can be obtained on a variety of levels, including as a general health promoter and specifically for improving intelligence, digestion, metabolism, immunity, physical strength, or skin health. For internal administration, Ayurveda recommends only purified and treated gold.
Efficacy of Virechana in Treating Raised Uric Acid Level in Gouty Arthritis - A Cohort Study
Authors: Uma A Patil  , Prashanth A S
Published: March 2023

Vatarakta is a disorder predominantly affecting the joints with presenting symptoms like Sandhishula (pain), Sandhi shotha (swelling), Sandhi Graha (stiffness) Sparsh-asahishnuta (tenderness). Vatarakta in modern view has similarity with Gouty Arthritis. Gout and gouty arthritis though much prevalent in the western countries, it is not uncommon in India. The occurrence of Gout and gouty arthritis is common in the post pubertal males, and post-menopausal females. Hyperuricemia is a predisposing factor for the manifestation of gouty arthritis. The prevalence of gout varies between populations but is around 1% with a strong male predominance (10:1). As treatment given in modern is quite toxic this study on Vatarakta was taken up to find out the possible effects of Ayurvedic therapies in its management. Virechana is one of the Shodhana chikitsa in the management of Vatarakta. The objectives of the study were to study the efficacy of Virechana in reducing the raised uric acid level. Materials and Methods: 20 patients were included in this clinical study. Subjects were given Panchatikta guggulu ghrita for Snehapana, followed by Sarvanga abhyanga with Balaguduchyadi taila and Virechana with Nimbamrita Eranda taila. The total duration of the study was 7 days and follow up was done after 1 week. The assessment was carried based on subjective parameters like Sandhishoola, Sandhigraha and objective parameters like Twak Vaivarnyata, Sparshasahatwa, serum uric acid level, and McGill’s pain scale was done before and after treatment. Results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Significant results were observed in subjective parameters such as Sandhishoola (85.6%) and Sandhigraha (75%) as well as objective parameter like twak Vaivarnyata (86.4%), Sparshasahatwa (90%), 32.8% serum uric acid level (32.8%), Mac gills pain scale (50%). Conclusion: Virechana with Nimbamritadi eranda taila was effective in the management of Gouty arthritis.
An Overview of Triphala Guggulu and its Ingredients
Authors: Neelam Rawat  , Shuchi Mitra  , Usha Sharma  , Khem Chand Sharma
Published: March 2023

Triphala Guggulu, a polyherbal Ayurvedic formulation, is among the most significant and frequently used Guggulu Kalpana. Numerous references for preparing this formulation have been mentioned in various classical texts. It has been discussed under ‘Vranashotha’ and ‘Vidradhi’ rogadhikar in Chakradutt and Yogratnakar respectively. ‘Triphala Guggulu’ presnted in this article is mentioned in the Sharangdhara Samhita under ‘Vati Kalpana’. As the name itself suggests, this preparation contains Triphala and Guggulu as the main ingredient along with Pippali. It contains Guggulu in greater proportion than the other ingredients, much like any other Guggulu Kalpas. Triphala Guggulu is frequently used in the treatment of Shotha, Arsha, Bhagandara, Gulma, Vrana, and other ailments. It can also be used as a hypolipidemic drug on its own or in conjunction with other formulations. Several studies and experiments have also demonstrated its efficacy in atherosclerosis, coronary and arterial plaque, and elevated cholesterol levels in the blood. Thus, this article takes the approach of reviewing the experimental research work done on Triphala Guggulu as well as covers the pharmacological action of its ingredients.
A Critical Review on Importance of Samprapti with special reference to Sandhivata (Osteoarthiritis)
Authors: Ritu Chaudhary  , Anirban Singha  , Preeti Gavali  , J P Chaudhary  , Kavita
Published: March 2023

The way in which the Dosha gets vitiated and the course it follows for the manifestation of a disease is called Samprapti along the line of ‘Dosha eva hi sarvesham rogatnamaka karana.’ Sandhivata is non mortal but severely debilitating disease-causing limitation in day to day activities in old age leading to social and emotional burden for the person. The clinical presentation of Sandhivata closely mimics with Osteoarthritis (OA), the second most common rheumatologic problem. The disease is more common in women than men with prevalence rate of 22% to 39% in India. Aim: The study mainly aims to explore the concept of Samprapti w.s.r to. Sandhivata (OA). Methods: Ayurveda classics along with the commentaries were carefully studied to compile information about Samprapti of Sandhivata. Modern textbooks, journals, database, websites were also studied thoroughly to explore the concept. Discussion: Nidana aggravates Vata and this Prakupita Vata gets accumulated in Rikta srota and gives rise to various generalized and localized diseases. Samprapti (pathogenesis) of Sandhivata goes like – indulgence in Vata prakopaka aahara vihara results in Vata prakopa leading to Vishamta in Agni, due to which there occurs Dhatukshaya and Dushti of Asthivaha srotas. Further, Sthana sanshraya takes place in Sandhi resulting in Sandhigata vata. There are two variations in the Samprapti of Sandhivata: 1. Dhatukshayajanya: This mainly occurs in old age people. 2. Aavaranjanya: In obese, usually Sandhivata occurs in the weight bearing joints like knee joint, hip joint, lumbar spine etc. Conclusion: If physician understands the Samprapti in a proper way, he will never fail in the management of disease as Samprapti Vighatana is considered as Chikitsa in Ayurveda. Keeping this point in mind patients suffering from Sandhivata can be given a better life by Ayurveda if and only when the Samprapti of the disease is clearly understood.
Bhramari Pranayama - A Unique Voice Culturing Technique
Authors: Kalyani Amrutha  , Tonni Sanjeev S  , T. Jayakumar
Published: March 2023

A good voice is the basic need of humans. For professional voice users, voice governs their livelihood and social attraction. A good singing voice is attained by the regular vocal exercises and vocal training. Singing involves the skills like respiration, phonation, resonance and articulation. Bhramari Pranayama (BP) involves both humming and respiration. Humming is the resultant of the activity vocal structures which may have effect on the quality of the voice. Aim: To evaluate the effect of Bhramari Pranayama (BP) on voice quality

Settings and Design: The study is an open clinical trial involving 30 healthy prospective singers fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria, consenting for the study, who were enrolled through a survey in music schools in the region of Belagavi, Karnataka. Methods and Material: The voice of the 30 healthy prospective singers was recorded using PRAAT software with standard vocal tasks on day 0 of the study. Participants practiced 21 cycles of Bhramari Pranayama in the morning for 30 days. On Day 30, after the practice the voice was re-recorded with same vocal tasks and standard operative procedures being maintained. The recorded voice samples were saved and were subjected for voice analysis using softwares PRAAT, Vaghmi, CSL at AIISH, Mysuru. Statistical analysis used: Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 21 and Paired ‘t’ test was applied to derive the results. Statistical Significance was set up at p<0.05. Results: Bhramari pranayama showed highly significant results in the root mean square values of the Singing power ratio - SPR (p<0.01) and singing power difference (p<0.01). Significant results in the lowest value of the singing amplitude (p<0.05), singing amplitude range (p<0.01) and mean formant frequency of second formant of vowel /u/(p<0.05). Conclusion: Bhramari Pranayama improved the resonance characteristics of the voice and there by improved the quality of singing voice in prospective singers.
A Clinical Case Study on Pittaja Atisara with reference to Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Jassim Rahiman K  , O. P Singh
Published: March 2023

The symptomatology of Ulcerative Colitis (UC) presents from irregular, incomplete bowel evacuation to mucous and bloody defecation. Direct correlation of UC in Ayurvedic literature is not possible, may be correlated to Pittaja Atisara, Rakthaja Atisara, Kshataja Grahani, Samgrahini Grahani. This case report shows diagnosed case of Ulcerative Colitis with nidana (etiology), Samprapti (pathophysiology) and Rupa (clinical presentation) similar to Pittaja Atisara. Signs and symptoms observed were stools mixed with blood & mucous (Pita-Haridra-Saraktha-Sadavalaprabham), Udarashula (abdominal pain), Payusanthapa (burning sensation in anal region) and showed Rupa that of Pittaja Atisara. Treatment was given according treatment approach of Pittaja Atisara viz., Langhana, Pachana and Picha Vasthi. Initially patient general condition was worst, managed under the guidance of modern medicine consultation and gradually tapered to Ayurvedic medicines. Oral medicines chosen were based on Rakthasthambaka, Vranaropana, Agni deepana and Grahi action, the drugs used for Pichha vasti are Madhu, Charngeryadi ghritam, Murivenna, Yashtimadhu kalka, Shalmali kwatha. A 45-day course of treatment was given, during which 30 Picha Vasthi were administered, includes 14 days of solely Vasthi and the final 11 days of Samsarjana Kala. Treatment outcomes were evaluated using partial Mayo scores and through routine blood tests and colonoscopy. Partial Mayo score was evaluated at 0th, 15th, 30th, and 45th day of the treatment cycle. Total partial Mayo Index score went from Severe Disease (9) to Remission (1). Total Leucocyte Count (TLC) and indices for hemoglobin and RBC returned to normal range after treatment. The patient got improvement and Ayurveda treatment protocol was successful.
An Ayurvedic Approach in Infertility w.s.r to Tubal Blockage-A Case Report
Authors: Chanchal Sharma  , Pragya Mishra
Published: March 2023

Vandhyatva (infertility) is failure to conceive or give birth or experiencing Garbha Strava or Garbha pata (repeated abortion). Disturbed lifestyle, usage of contraceptives, stress, genetic problems, alcohol consumption and smoking addiction increases such cases day by day. Nowadays fallopian tube blockage has become one of the burning issues of female infertility. According to Ayurveda, successful conception depends upon Ritu, Kshetra, Ambu and Beeja. Beejagrahana is unable due to tubal blockage (Sanga Srotodusti of Arthavavaha) leads to failure of conception. Panchakarma plays an important role in treating female infertility and Uttara Basti is one of the best (Panchkarma therapy for the infertility treatment in Ayurveda.) It detoxifies the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes, which clear the Srothoavarodha. Uttarbasti along with internal medication helps in Vata Dosha saman and remove the Sanga srotodusti. A diagnosed case of infertility due to bilateral tubal blockage, visited our clinic for treatment of tubal blockage and consequent infertility. Here is the case presentation of successful treatment with Ayurveda medicines and Uttara basti.
Effect of Dasapaka Bala Taila Yonipooranam in Atrophic Vaginitis - A Case Report
Authors: Renjumol M.R  , Giby Thomas  , Jyothi P.K
Published: March 2023

Atrophic vaginitis is a common condition that occurs in post menopause due to the deficiency of estrogen. The condition Atrophic vaginitis is defined as atrophy of the vaginal epithelium due to decreased estrogen levels. This common menopausal condition which is often underreported and under diagnosed is caused by estrogen related changes to the vaginal epithelium and can adversely affect quality of life. Atrophic vaginitis is a common condition in postmenopausal women experience due to estrogen deficiency that causes involution of the vaginal tissue, leading to vaginal dryness, burning sensation in vagina and dyspareunia, the atrophy of the vulvovaginal structures occurs due to estrogen deficiency. Among them Sushka yoniroga can be most suitably correlated with Atrophic vaginitis. The management principle of Atrophic vaginitis includes Vathika yoniroga chikitsa, along with Sthanika chikitsa. Treatment mainly aims at Vatapittasamana, Brimhana, Balya and natural supplementation of estrogen containing drugs. Sthanika chikitsa like Yonipooranam, Pichu dharanam, etc can be done in Atrophic vaginitis. Sthanika chikitsa which is of prime importance in the management of Streeroga facilitates absorption of drugs through the vagina as the walls and adjacent tissues are highly vascular, where the medicines are administered intra vaginally. In the present case, Yonipoorana as Sthanika chikitsa as tried. A 54 year old lady was presented with complaints of burning sensation in vagina and pain during sexual intercourse. The vaginal examination was painful and the walls are found inflamed, she was diagnosed with Atrophic vaginitis. She was sent to cytological screening. The reports revealed high grade parabasal cells and low grade superficial cells. The maturation index was found 60/25/5 vaginal pH was 5.3. Pap smear was done which was negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy. Dasapaka Bala tailam was administered intravaginally for 7 days in 3 consecutive months. During follow up she was relieved from the symptoms like burning sensation in vagina and pain during sexual intercourse. From this case report, it shows that Yonipoorana with Dasapaka Bala tailam is effective for the management of Atrophic vaginitis.
Evaluation of Antipyretic Activity of Siddha Herbomineral Formulation - Surangusa Parpam
Authors: Manikandan G  , Srinivasan M R  , Kayalvizhi P  , Sangeetha M K  , Rajakumar K  , Karpagavalli K  , Nithyamala I
Published: March 2023

The aim of the present study was to assess the antipyretic activity of Siddha herbo-mineral formulation Surangusa Parpam at the dose level of 15mg/kg and 35mg/kg body weight, orally, in brewer yeast induced fever model Wistar rats. Fever was induced by subcutaneous injection of 10ml/kg of 20% w/v aqueous suspension of brewer’s yeast into the nape of the rat's neck. After eighteen hours feverish animals were treated with Surangusa Parpam 15mg/kg and 35mg/kg body weight, orally, and rectal temperatures were evaluated at 0, 1, 2 and 3 hours post-treatment by inserting a well-lubricated bulb of the clinical thermometer. Surangusa Parpam showed a significant decrease in the elevated body temperature of rats that remained sustained throughout the tested time points from 1 to 3 hours in the used model. 35mg/kg body weight dose level showed significant inhibition of elevated body temperature when compared with the standard control. These results indicate that the Antipyretic activity of Surangusa Parpam and in addition to its well-established anti-inflammatory activity possesses significant antihistamine activity that may be beneficial in symptomatic relief when it is used in the therapy of allergic and inflammatory disorders.
Effect of Sodhananga Achasnehapana Followed by Virechana in the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case Report
Authors: Vishnu Sreenivas  , T. K. Sujan
Published: March 2023

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, progressive autoimmune arthropathy and characterized by bilateral symmetrical involvement of joints with some systemic clinical features. Treatment in allopathic medicine involves NSAIDS and steroids, which carry their own collateral burden of side effects in long term use. According to clinical features, described in Ayurveda, Vatarakta closely resembles with Rheumatoid arthritis. The study is done to find the effect of Sodhananga Achasnehapana with Guggutiktaka ghritha followed by Virechana with Nimbamrita eranda taila in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Methods: It is a simple random single case study done at Government Ayurveda College Panchakarma Hospital, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram. Here a case of Vatarakta (Vatakapahadikam) was treated with Sodhananga Achasnehapana with Guggutiktaka ghritha followed by Virechana with Nimbamrita eranda taila after Rukshana karma. Results: The treatment was effective in reducing the ESR, RA factor and CRP levels of the patient diagnosed with Rheumatoid arthritis. Conclusion: The case report shows that Ayurvedic treatment is potent and effective in the management of Rheumatoid arthritis. There was no adverse effect found in the treatment. Hence it can be concluded that RA can be effectively and safely treated by using the Chikitsa siddhanta mentioned in Ayurveda
A Conceptual Study on Buddhi, Dhee, Dhriti, Smriti, Smritikaaranas and Medha in Comparison to Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Development Factors
Authors: Ashigha S  , Prathviraj Puranik  , Kavya
Published: March 2023

Building intricate scenarios and sharing these ideas with others, A full-fledged language capacity, as well as reasoning and planning skills are among the many cognitive abilities that distinguish man from other living beings. One of the tools of cognition and perception used to establish the precise qualities of an object according to Ayurveda is Buddhi (intellect). Perception occurs when the Indriyas (cognitive organs) perceives their objects along with Manas (mind), which subsequently analyze and forwards those to Buddhi producing knowledge. Dhee, Dhriti, Smriti are the components of Buddhi which aids for this and Medha is a type of intellect having the power to retain this knowledge. As per modern, cognition is the mental action or process that involves thought experiences, and the senses to acquire knowledge and understanding. The cognitive development is established through schema, assimilation, accommodation and equilibrium according to Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory. Buddhi, Dhee, Dhriti, Smriti, Smritikaarana, Medha can be correlated to these factors. Although the components of cognitive development theory were articulated for a developing kid, Ayurveda views these concepts as that which may be implied at any stage of life. One has to pass through each of these stages to achieve cognition. Hence, the present conceptual study thus focus on interpreting these Ayurvedic observations on the basis of modern theory of cognitive development and its factors.
A Conceptual Recapture of Stanya Kshaya and Role of Stanya-Janan Mahakashaya in its Management
Authors: Swati Goyal  , Nitin Verma
Published: March 2023

Breast milk is the prime source of nourishment and immunity of the baby. Stanya Kshaya, which appears to be a fairly simple ailment but is really problematic for children's health, is one of the problems of present era. Lactation insufficiency is 30–40% prevalent in Asian and tropical nations like India. In Ayurveda certain herbs are specifically indicated for increasing breast milk and Acharya Charaka has described Stanya-janana Mahakashaya for it. Few explorations have been conducted regarding above, but no one has covered all aspects comprehensively thus this paper aim to collect and comprehensive review information available regarding concept of Stanya, its Kshaya and role of Stanya-janana Mahakashaya in its management. Methodology: This review is in a narrative format and done from literature and publications relevant to Stanya Kshaya and role of Stanya-janana Mahakashaya. Results: Stanya has been described in detail along with opinion of various Acharyas, Stanya sampata and the reasons for Stanyakshya mentioned then finally role of Stanya-janana Mahakashaya of Acharya Charaka which includes 10 herbs as- Veerana, Shali, Shasthik, Ekshuvalika, Darbha, Kusha, Kaasha, Gundra, Ithkata, Katruna. Drugs in this Kashaya help in increasing quantity of milk. Discussion: Stanya-janana Mahakashaya has active principles which increase quantity of milk, so can be used in Stanya Kshaya and leads to healthy Stanya.
The Effect of Leader Trait, Leader Capability and Leader Style on Teacher Performance in Pamekasan 1st State Senior High School
Authors:   Faculty of Law, Universitas Madura, Jl. Raya Panglegur No. Km 3.5, West, Panglegur, Kec. Tlanakan, Pamekasan Regency, East Java 69371, Indonesia, Pakendek Adriana
Published: March 2023

The general objective of this study was to determine the influence of the principal's leadership, namely leader trait, leader capability and Leader Style on teacher performance in Pamekasan 1st State Sinior High School. The specific objectives are: 1) To determine the influence of the principal's leadership factors, namely the leader trait, leader capability and Leader Style on teacher performance at Pamekasan 1st State Sinior High School; 2) To find out the performance of teachers in Pamekasan 1st State Sinior High School. The type of research used is descriptive using multiple linear regression models. The location of the research was conducted at Pamekasan 1st State Sinior High School. With a population of all teachers in Pamekasan 1st State Sinior High School, the technique used is probability sampling with simple random sampling technique, where the sampling of members of the population is done randomly without regard to strata in the population (homogeneous); The sample size is 59 teachers with an error rate of 5%, so the number of samples in this study is 51 teacher. Data is collected through a list of questions (questionnaire/questionnaire). From the results of the study it can be concluded: 1) There is an influence of the principal's leadership factors, namely the leader trait, leader capability and Leader Style simultaneously have a significant effect on teacher performance in Pamekasan 1st State Sinior High School, and 2) There is an influence of leadership factors the principal, namely leader style partially influences the teacher performance in Pamekasan 1st State Sinior High School where leader style is a leadership factor that has a dominant influence on teacher performance in Pamekasan 1st State Sinior High School. But the leader trait and leader capability partially did not affect the teacher performance in Pamekasan 1st State Sinior High School.
Stranding of blue button jelly Porpita porpita on the beaches of Visakhapatnam, India (Western Bay of Bengal)
Authors: Pattnayak Sujit K. , Silambarasan Krishnan , Kar Annada Bhusan , Das Pratyush , Prasad Gummadi V. A.
Published: March 2023

Porpita porpita occurs in the tropical and sub-tropical waters of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, and the mass numbers of stranded colonies seem to be increasing. Although its presence in Indian waters is minimal, this is the first record ever made of P. porpita in Visakhapatnam coastal waters. The present study provided a detailed description of the species and its global distribution. Further, the perceived increase in gelatinous zooplankton blooms in the observed area indicates that jellyfish can negatively affect fisheries because they compete with zooplanktivorous fish, prey upon fish eggs and larvae, and indirectly compete with higher trophic levels by reducing the plankton available to planktivores. Conversely, jellyfishes also play a vital role in regulating global marine plankton food webs, spatio-temporal dynamics, and biomass, which is a role that has been generally neglected so far.
Foreigners, Brahmins, Poets, or What? The Sociolinguistics of the Sanskrit Renaissance
Authors:   University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, Hock Hans Henrich
Published: March 2023

A puzzle in the sociolinguistic history of Sanskrit is that texts with authenticated dates first appear in the 2nd century CE, after five centuries of exclusively Prakrit inscriptions. Various hypotheses have tried to account for this fact. Senart (1886) proposed that Sanskrit gained wider currency through Buddhists and Jains. Franke (1902) claimed that Sanskrit died out in India and was artificially reintroduced. Lévi (1902) argued for usurpation of Sanskrit by the Kshatrapas, foreign rulers who employed brahmins in administrative positions. Pisani (1955) instead viewed the “Sanskrit Renaissance” as the brahmins’ attempt to combat these foreign invaders. Ostler (2005) attributed the victory of Sanskrit to its ‘cultivated, self-conscious charm’; his acknowledgment of prior Sanskrit use by brahmins and kshatriyas suggests that he did not consider the victory a sudden event. The hypothesis that the early-CE public appearance of Sanskrit was a sudden event is revived by Pollock (1996, 2006). He argues that Sanskrit was originally confined to ‘sacerdotal’ contexts; that it never was a natural spoken language, as shown by its inability to communicate childhood experiences; and that ‘the epigraphic record (thin though admittedly it is) suggests … that [tribal chiefs] help[ed] create’ a new political civilization, the “Sanskrit Cosmopolis,” ‘by employing Sanskrit in a hitherto unprecedented way’. Crucial in his argument is the claim that kāvya literature was a foundational characteristic of this new civilization and that kāvya has no significant antecedents. I show that Pollock’s arguments are problematic. He ignores evidence for a continuous non-sacerdotal use of Sanskrit, as in the epics and fables. The employment of nursery words like tāta ‘daddy’/tata ‘sonny’ (also used as general terms of endearment), or ambā/ambikā ‘mommy; mother’ attest to Sanskrit’s ability to communicate childhood experiences. Kāvya, the foundation of Pollock’s “Sanskrit Cosmopolis”, has antecedents in earlier Sanskrit (and Pali). Most important, Pollock fails to show how his powerful political-poetic kāvya tradition could have arisen ex nihilo. To produce their poetry, the poets would have had to draw on a living, spoken language with all its different uses, and that language must have been current in a larger linguistic community beyond the poets, whether that community was restricted to brahmins (as commonly assumed) or also included kshatriyas (as suggested by Ostler). I conclude by considering implications for the “Sanskritization” of Southeast Asia and the possible parallel of modern “Indian English” literature.
What is Indian in Indian English? Markers of Indianness in Hindi-Speaking Users’ Social Media Communication
Authors:   Jagiellonian University, Dąbrowska Marta
Published: March 2023

Public communication in the contemporary world constitutes a particularly multifaceted phenomenon. The Internet offers unlimited possibilities of contact and public expression, locally and globally, yet exerts its power too, inducing the use of the Internet lingo, loosening language norms, and often encourages the use of a lingua franca, English in particular. This leads to linguistic choices that are liberating for some and difficult for others on ideological grounds, due to the norms of the discourse community, or simply because of insufficient language skills and linguistic means available. Such choices appear to particularly characterise post-colonial states, in which the co- existence of multiple local tongues with the language once imperially imposed and now owned by local users makes the web of repertoires especially complex. Such a case is no doubt India, where the use of English alongside the nationally encouraged Hindi and state languages stems not only from its historical past, but especially its present position enhanced not only by its local prestige, but also by its global status too, and also as the primary language of Online communication. The Internet, however, has also been recognised as a medium that encourages, and even revitalises, the use of local tongues, and which may manifest itself through the choice of a given language as the main medium of communication, or only a symbolic one, indicated by certain lexical or grammatical features as identity markers. It is therefore of particular interest to investigate how members of such a multilingual community, represented here by Hindi users, convey their cultural identity when interacting with friends and the general public Online, on social media sites. This study is motivated by Kachru’s (1983) classical study, and, among others, a recent discussion concerning the use of Hinglish (Kothari and Snell, eds., 2011). This research analyses posts generated by Hindi users on Facebook (private profiles and fanpages) and Twitter, where personalities of users are largely known, and on YouTube, where they are often hidden, in order to identify how the users mark their Indian identity. Investigated will be Hindi lexical items, grammatical aspects and word order, cases of code-switching, and locally coloured uses of English words and spelling conventions, with an aim to establish, also from the point of view of gender preferences, the most dominating linguistic patterns found Online.
Laser Vaginal Tightening our Clinical Experiences
Authors:   Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic Ankara, Turkey, Comert Esra Cabuk
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Vaginal tightening with laser method is a minimally invasive cosmetic procedure aimed at improving the tone and tightness of the vaginal canal. The procedure is considered safe and effective, with reported improvement in sexual satisfaction
Perfil epidemiológico de pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico na cidade de Vitória - Espírito Santo
Authors: Soares Yuri Venancio , Guerrieri Caroline Gastaldi , Pancoto João Alexandre Trés
Published: March 2023

O Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico (LES) é uma doença crônica de caráter autoimune caracterizada por períodos de remissão e recidiva. Os pacientes com LES sofrem de um curso de doença crônica sobrecarregado com comorbidades em múltiplos órgãos. Estudos epidemiológicos sobre LES são muito escassos no Brasil, principalmente no estado do Espírito Santo. Tendo em vista essa escassez de dados epidemiológicos o presente estudo realizou uma pesquisa epidemiológica em pacientes com LES, caracterizando as causas de mortalidade no município de Vitória entre 2009 e 2019, utilizando o banco de dados DATASUS. De acordo com a análise dos óbitos de pacientes com LES ocorridos em Vitória (n=269), as principais causas básicas de morte foram as doenças sistema osteomuscular e tecido conjuntivo, doenças infecciosas e parasitárias, doenças do aparelho respiratório, doenças do sistema circulatório e doenças do aparelho geniturinário, que juntas representaram 84,39% dos registros de óbitos. O sexo feminino apresentou maior número de óbitos em comparação aos com homens, os resultados foram significativos para mulheres de etnia parda e branca, com idade entre 10-49 anos, além disso, essa faixa etária apresentou o maior número de mortes ocorridas em Vitória. Dos 269 óbitos registrados, 182 são de pacientes que não residem em Vitória, o que mostra que muitas cidades capixabas ainda não possuem especialistas para este tipo de atendimento e faltam serviços de saúde mais complexos para atendê-los nas cidades do interior do Espírito Santo.
AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF INSTITUTIONAL QUALITY AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT INFLOWS IN NIGERIA
Authors:   Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria, Adenuga Idris Abiodun
Published: March 2023

This study investigated the relationship between the measures of institutional quality provided by the World Bank, World Governance Indicators and foreign direct investment inflows in Nigeria. The study used time-series data covering the period between 1996 and 2019. We sourced the data from the World Bank, World Development Indicators and World Governance Indicators databases. The measures of institutional quality used along with other selected control variables include voice and accountability, government effectiveness, rule of law, regulatory quality, control of corruption, political stability and the composite of these six variables. In order to control for endogeneity problem, we employed generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation for this study. The empirical results from GMM show that the composite institutional index, control of corruption, voice and accountability, government effectiveness, rule of law, and regulatory quality has a positive and insignificant effect on foreign direct investment inflows into Nigeria, while political stability has a negative and insignificant effect on foreign direct investment inflows. In light of these findings, this study concluded that the amount of foreign direct investment inflows into Nigeria reflect the poor institutional quality prevalent in Nigeria. This study therefore recommended that the Nigerian government should intensify measures to improve the institutional quality of Nigeria.
DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION WITHIN MULTICULTURAL LEADERSHIP IN THE COVID YEARS: A BIBLIOMETRIC STUDY 2019-2022
Authors:   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, Bratianu Constantin , Paiuc Dan ,   National University for Political Studies and Public Administration, Management, Bucharest, Romania
Published: March 2023

According to Harvard Business Review, companies with higher diversity experienced 19% higher revenues, but in the meantime, 57% of employees feel their businesses must assiduously concentrate on diversity and inclusion plans. This article aims to present a bibliometric study of diversity and inclusion (DI) in the COVID years 2019-2022. Our analysis was based on the Scopus database, while the bibliometric research was performed via VOSviewer: version 1.6.17, one of the most utilized academic software tools for constructing and visualizing bibliometric networks. In conclusion, our research questions are answered, underlining that, during the last 4 COVID years 2019-2022 the DI phenomenon was a main vector of multinational leadership (ML) and that physical/mental abilities, race and ethnicity, and educational background are the new main drivers of DI. The value of these findings resides in the agile repositioning of the DI role within multinational leadership and can serve as a reference and guidance both for business professionals and researchers.
USING THE SERVQUAL MODEL TO ASSESS SERVICE QUALITY OF INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDERS: EVIDENCE FROM JORDAN
Authors:   University of Debrecen, Faculty of Economics and Business, Institute of Marketing and Commerce, Debrecen, Hungary, Salem Omar , Kiss Marietta ,   University of Debrecen, Faculty of Economics and Business, Institute of Marketing and Commerce, Debrecen, Hungary
Published: March 2023

The Internet service sector is characterized as extremely competitive, so Internet service providers have to seek to offer high-quality services to customers. This study aimed at measuring the gap between the expectations and perceptions of customers about the service quality of Internet service providers in Jordan. Data was gathered by surveying 405 customers of Internet service providers in Amman (Jordan) using the snowball sampling technique through social media. To reveal service quality, the questionnaire contained five dimensions of the original SERVQUAL model complemented by two additional dimensions by which gaps between customers’ expectations and perceptions could be measured, then, the Expectation–Experience Analysis (EEA) has been used. The results show that there is a perceptual gap between customers’ expectations and their actual experience of the Internet service delivered to them by Internet service providers in Jordan attributed to all seven factors of the service quality.
Subtractive Genomics Based Analysis For In Silico Recognition And Characterization Of New Drug Targets In Yersinia Pestis
Authors: Faisal A Al Zahrani , Alam Jamal
Published: March 2023

Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis) is a gram-negative bacteriam.it cause plague disease. Between 30% and 100% of untreated patients die, with pneumonic plague being the deadliest. Chloramphenicol Streptomycin and tetracycline are the three main antibiotics that are used for plague treatment. Even if antibiotics are given right away, 16% of people with bubonic plague and more than 50% of people with pneumonic plague die. The number of plague cases and epidemics over the past 15 years has increased to the point where the disease is now considered reemerging. Researchers have discovered that some strains of the plague are immune to the most effective medications now in use to treat the disease. Y. pestis is worrisome since there is no effective vaccination, it must be treated with antibiotics, and it has a history of being used as a bioweapon. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a worldwide problem. It has been revealed that two strains of Y. pestis are highly resistant to eight antimicrobial medicines used for cure. Additionally, it is resistant to a number of commonly used antibiotics, including ampicillin, kanamycin, and spectinomycin. In subtractive genomics approach the bacterial total proteome is gently nethermost to a few numbers of probable targets for drug. The steps which are applied in this method to detect  targets proteins which are non-similar to human and are vital for bacteria and contribution of the sorted out proteins in bacterial pathways of metabolism that are vital for continuity of pathogen. In this study the approach of subtractive genomics is applied on proteins of Y. pestis   and culminated with 4 proteins that may be powerful drug targets and novel zestful molecules can be designed against them to cure the bacteria associated infection.
The Impact of New Student Admission Policy based on Zoning System
Authors: Ma’rifatin Siti , Yusuf Sobri Ahmad , Sunandar Asep
Published: March 2023

The zoning system was a new student admissions rule implemented in 2017. This research aims to investigate the impact of the school zoning system on education policy in Indonesia. This study used a literature review. This study emphasized collecting various scientific reference sources, analyzing sources that have been found, evaluating scientific reference sources that have been analyzed then reusing the final results of appropriate reference sources with the studies based on. The results of this study show that this policy has both positive and negative impacts. However, its implementation has several challenges, including the local government’s lack of readiness to identify the zones and the comprehension of different populations, which results in its implementation being less than ideal. Additionally, parents and students are still influenced when selecting a school by the idea of the preferred school paradox. This must be done to provide equal access to high-quality education and sufficient human resources across the nation.
The Breeding Ecology of the Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala in Central Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Zakaria Mohd Amir , Daud Ummi Nur Syafiqah , Mansor Mohammad Saiful , Md. Nor Shukor
Published: March 2023

The Painted Stork (Mycteria leucocephala) populations in Putrajaya and Shah Alam, Peninsular Malaysia, have increased by almost 10%–13% every year. If this trend continues, it is believed that habitat overlap may occur between this species and the Milky Stork (Mycteria cinerea), which is currently threatened with extinction. Habitat overlap could lead them to compete for food and other necessary resources, and consequently, one species would outcompete another. However, little is known about the breeding ecology of the Painted Stork in Peninsular Malaysia. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the breeding ecology of the Painted Stork and examine its nesting characteristics and their effects on breeding success. Direct observations were made of colonies in the Upper Bisa Putrajaya Wetland (UBPW) and Tasik Shah Alam (TSA) during the breeding season from March to September 2016 and 2017. The peak of the breeding season was in June, and no differences were found in nesting colony parameters between study sites, including the nest diameter and nest building period, except for nest height. The average height above the ground level of TSA nests was higher than in UBPW. Human activities near the nesting site in Shah Alam may have led to the birds constructing nests higher to prevent disturbance and predation. Nest diameter and nest building period were influenced by the number of nestlings raised by parents. These findings provide new information that may be used in management programs to control Painted Stork populations and can be useful for conserving threatened species, particularly the Milky Stork.
P1935_Edge_Architecture.docx
Authors: Wei Hung-Yu , Chiang Yao , Chen Tse-Yu
Published: March 2023

This is a technical contribution to P1935 on edge management architecture and framework. 
Impact of Surrounding Gas Density on the Turbulent Liquid Jet
Authors: Said Muhamad , Abdelsamie Abouelmagd , Emara Kareem , Sedrak Momtaz
Published: March 2023

This numerical study aims to investigate the impact of surrounding gas density on liquid turbulent jet. Incompressible large eddy simulations (LES) with Wall-Adapting Local Eddy-Viscosity (WALE) sub-grid scale model in ANSYS-FLUENT were performed to capture the morphology of the breakup as well as the important flow field characteristics. A volume of fluid (VOF) approach was used to track the unsteady evolution and breakup of the liquid jet. Different variables have been examined to assess this impact. These variables are instantaneous velocity, liquid volume fraction, and turbulent kinetic energy. Also, the centerline values have been investigated to obtain the jet half-width and spray dispersion angle. The jet diameter and exit velocity are 0.2 mm and 100 m/s, respectively. Three different liquid-to-gas density ratios of 54.03, 32.42 and 23.49 are considered, corresponding to ambient gas density of 15, 25 and 34.5 kg/m3, respectively. It has been found that the jet speed and the liquid core length are inversely proportional to the density of the ambient gas. Regarding the liquid core length, it was noted that the effect of gas density on the liquid core length is considerably stronger in the gas density range between 15 - 25 kg/m³ (corresponding to density ratios of 54.03 - 32.42) than that in the range of 25 - 34.5 kg/m³ (corresponding to density ratios of 32.42 - 23.49). The results, also, showed that increasing the gas density leads to an increase in Weber number, which in turn causes a high instability, that makes the breakup initiates closer to the nozzle exit and occurs with higher rate. Likewise, it has been found that the jet width and the spray dispersion angle increase with increasing the gas density.
HIGHLIGHTS

Spray jets are included in many applications because its important in increasing the heat and mass transfer between the liquid and the surrounding fluid
Large eddy simulations (LES) and volume of fluid (VOF) models are used to investigate the characteristics of turbulent liquid jet
The investigation was characterized as a function of man variables such as turbulent kinetic energy, liquid potential core, the jet dispersion angle and more
The investigation showed that the density of surrounding gas has an influence on the liquid jet characteristics

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT