bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing climate forecasting with AI: Current state and future prospect
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Goel Richa , Sidana Neeru , Sharma Aatam Prakash , ghai Surbhi , Singh Tilottama , singh Rajesh , Priyadarshi Neeraj , Twala Bhekisipho , Ahmad Vasim
Published: September 2024

Background The escalating impact of climate change underscores the critical need for advanced and sustainable climate forecasting techniques. This review examines the current state and future prospects of leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) for climate forecasting, focusing on enhancing accuracy and identifying complex patterns in large datasets. Methods A systematic bibliometric methodology was employed, analyzing peer-reviewed literature from the past two decades. The study screened 455 articles from Scopus and Web of Science databases using specific keywords related to AI and weather forecasting. After removing duplicates and irrelevant studies, 218 articles were selected for detailed analysis. Bibliometric analysis was conducted using RStudio software to examine publication trends, co-word co-occurrence, and thematic evolution. Results The findings indicate significant growth in AI applications for climate forecasting, particularly from 2014 to 2023. AI techniques such as machine learning, artificial neural networks, and deep learning have shown promise in improving the accuracy of weather forecasts and early warning systems. The thematic analysis identified key themes like numerical weather prediction, feature selection, and neural networks as fundamental areas of research. Additionally, AI-based early warning systems for extreme weather events were highlighted as a crucial application. Below Figure 1. shows the graphical abstract of research Conclusions AI has the potential to significantly enhance climate forecasting by analyzing vast amounts of data and identifying complex patterns. Future research should focus on developing universal AI models, increasing model accuracy with explainable AI techniques, and integrating region-specific forecasts to aid decision-making in various sectors. Addressing ethical concerns and ensuring sustainable AI applications are essential for the responsible deployment of AI in climate forecasting.
A chromosomal reference genome sequence for the malaria mosquito, Anopheles marshallii, Theobald, 1903
Authors: Makanga Boris K. , Ayala Diego , Rahola Nil , Bouafou Lemonde B. A. , Johnson Harriet	F , Heaton Haynes , Wagah Martin	G. , Collins Joanna	C. , Krasheninnikova Ksenia , Pelan Sarah	E. , Pointon Damon-Lee	B. , Sims Ying , Torrance James	W. , Tracey Alan , Uliano-Silva Marcela , Wood Jonathan M. D. , von Wyschetzki Katharina ,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations, McCarthy Shane	A. , Neafsey Daniel	E. , Makunin Alex , Lawniczak Mara K. N.
Published: September 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Anopheles marshallii (the malaria mosquito; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Culicidae) from Lopé, Gabon. The genome sequence is 225.7 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into three chromosomal pseudomolecules with the X sex chromosome assembled. The complete mitochondrial genome was also assembled and is 15.4 kilobases in length.
Triangle or tripod? Neither: A diagrammatic investigation into a sign’s visual representation
Authors: Mortier Thierry
Published: September 2024

This paper takes a look at the morphological structure of the two dominant diagrams (the triangle and the tripod) used in semiotic literature to represent the irreducible triadic sign of C. S. Peirce in order to evaluate their diagrammatic aptitude, i.e. allowing of deductive discoveries. Concluding that neither fully translates the properties attributed to the irreducible triadic sign on a visual level, an alternative diagram is proposed. This is a visual representation of the irreducible triadic sign that is directly connected with other fields of research, such as mathematics, but also with the work of Floyd Merrell and Paul Ryan and, most importantly, has the ability to bring both the pattern of a sign and the process of semiosis into one easily drawn diagram, the triquetra.
Language is not a thing: it is a practice! A conversation with Patrick Sériot
Authors: Chávez Barreto E. Israel
Published: September 2024

This interview with Patrick Sériot, a scholar of the history and epistemology of linguistic theories, presents some small aspects of his engagement with linguistics in his early years, and thereafter discusses the problem of the interrelationships between culture and language sciences by tackling the question to which extent culture shapes the idea of language and, correspondingly, to which extent such an idea of language shapes linguistic research. The conversation then moves on to the issues of meaning, translation, and the ways of determining the context of a given work, mainly discussing examples of Sériot’s own works. In its final part, the interview deals with the problem of the social commitments of linguistics, and how we, as linguists, may contribute to the solving of social problems.
A Study on the Application of Digital Twins for Enterprise Resource Management
Authors: Oreshina M. , Garnov Andrey
Published: September 2024

The article discusses the main directions for the creation and use of digital twin technologies, and provides an overview of the successful implementation of digital twins at Russian enterprises.

A classification of management and production tasks is presented, the solution of which is possible based on the use of digital twin technologies.

A method for implementing digital twin technology using multi-agent technologies is proposed, which consists in creating software agents that collect information and model the behavior of enterprise assets in production and business processes.
Prospects for the Development of Digitalization in the Banking System of Russia
Authors: Sanakoev A.
Published: September 2024

The article assesses the prospects for the development of digital technologies in the Russian banking system. Various areas of digitalization development in the banking system are considered, the introduction of new innovative products in the field of cashless payments, cross-border payments and the risks that arise when introducing new technologies are noted. New opportunities for the population, companies and the state from the introduction of the digital ruble are considered. The author considers and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the prospects for the development of digitalization of the banking system.
Categorical Definition of the Digital Financial Assets Market in the Context of Comparative Analysis with the Traditional Financial Market
Authors: Ahmatova D.
Published: September 2024

The article introduces for the first time the definition of the "digital financial assets market" based on a functional approach. The author conducts a comparative analysis of the traditional financial market and the digital financial assets (DFA) market, which demonstrates fundamental differences in the structure, issuance process, and transaction costs. The article examines key aspects, including market structure and issuance process, investor classification, tax and accounting treatment, as well as risks. The methodological tools of the study are comparative analysis. It is shown for the first time that the use of blockchain technology in DFAs allows for a significant reduction in costs and acceleration of capital raising processes compared to traditional financial instruments. The author identifies the advantages and limitations of the DFA market.
Existence of eigenvalues for anisotropic and fractional anisotropic problems via Ljusternik-Schnirelmann Theory
Authors: Dussel Ignacio Ceresa , Bonder Julián Fernández
Published: September 2024

In this work, our interest lies in proving the existence of critical values of the following Rayleigh-type quotients
$$
\Q_{\p}(u) = \frac{\|\nabla u\|_{\p}}{\|u\|_{\p}}
\quad\text{and}\quad
\Q_{\s,\p}(u) = \frac{[u]_{\s,\p}}{\|u\|_{\p}},
$$%
where $\p = (p_1,\dots,p_n)$, $\s=(s_1,\dots,s_n)$ and
$$
\|\nabla u\|_{\p} = \sum_{i=1}^n \|u_{x_i}\|_{p_i}
$$%
is an anisotropic Sobolev norm, $[u]_{\s,\p}$ is a fractional version of the same anisotropic norm, and
$$
\|u\|_{\p} =\bigg(\int_{\R}\bigg(\dots \bigg(\int_{\R}|u|^{p_1}dx_1\bigg)^{{p_2}/{p_1}}dx_2\dots \bigg)^{p_n/p_{n-1}}dx_n\bigg)^{1/p_n}
$$%
is an anisotropic Lebesgue norm. Using the Lusternik-Schnirelmann theory, we prove the existence of a sequence of critical values and we also find an associated Euler-Lagrange equation for critical points.
Additionally, we analyze the connection between the fractional critical values
and its local counterparts.
Effects of Human Potential Seminar-Grouptherapy on the Moral Judgemental Ability in Juvenile Delinquents
Authors: Lee Mihyoung , Yang Soo
Published: September 2024

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of human potential seminar-grouptherapy on the moral judgemental ability of juvenile delinquents, and to provide a foundation for effective intervention in juvenile delinquents.The subjects consisted of thirty-two juvenile delinquents referred from Probation in Gyounggi province. Data were collected through Rest's Defining Issues Test from June, 1995 to June, 1997.The intervention of human potential seminargiouptherapy to the subjects was conducted 40 hours for 5 days and 10 hours' follow-up program. The grouptherapy included watching videos and lecture on drugs, personal unfoldment, peak experience, speaking of past experiences of misbehavior, acknowledging personal strengths, recognizing those situations producing anger, remember those who have loved participants, planning for behavioral modification, making a time capsule, and candle ceremony. The level of moral judgemental ability of the subjects was measured before and after the intervention.The data were analyzed using percent and paired t-test.The results revealed that the mean P(%) score of the subjects was 28.00± 13.45 and there was no significant difference between preand post grouptherapy.In the light of our findings, further study is needed to examine the grouptherapy effects with larger samples and longer study periods. Also, this study suggests that more effective and systematic education program is needed to improve moral judgemental ability of juvenile delinquents.
A Study of Relationship between Burden and Quality of Life for Family with Schizophrenia
Authors: Kim Yong Boon , Lee Jeong Seop
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this was to investigate the relationship between family's burden and quality of life to provide the basic data for nursing intervention program in order to improve quality of life for family with schizophrenia.The subjects of this study was 120 family with schizophrenia, living in Inchon. Seoul.Korea, during the period from August, 1999 to October, 1999. The instrument for this study were the burden scale developed by Kang Dong-Ho(1995) and the quality of scale by Ro You-.Ja(1988).The instruments for this study were pretested for reliability and validity.The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics. t~test. Pearson correlation coefficient and ANOVA, Multiple stepwise regression.The results of analysis were as follow：1. The mean score of burden is 68(in 5 point scale) and the mean score of quality of life 127(in 5 point scale).2. There is a positive c 이 relation between burden and quality of life for family with schizophrenia(r = -.35, p<.001).3. Burden showed significant difference according to sex. age, marital status.educational level. occupation, economic status, type of residence, relationship of the patient, age of patient, number of admission.4. The quality of life showed significant difference according to age, education level.marital status of patient.Summing up, schizophreniac s family members will be burdened enough to have their life quality affected. In other words, the less they are burdened, their life quality will improve more.Accordingly, in order to help schizophreniac's family members relieved much of their burden and thereby, improve their life quality, it will be necessary to develop a nursing intervention program improving their life quality in consideration of such factors affecting the burden as family members' academic background, patient s' age. frequency of hospitalization, etc., and in light of such aspects affecting their life quality aseconomic life, physical conditions and functions.
The Experiences of Psychiatric Patients about Nurses' Nonverbal Communication Behaviors in Interpersonal Relationship
Authors: Park Jeoung Weon
Published: September 2024

This study was designed to understand the nature of the experiences of the psychiatric patient about nurses' nonverbal communication behaviors in Interpersonal Relationship and to contribute to nursing knowledge development about nurse-client domain by phenomenological method. The research participants consisted of the 6 psychiatric patients who hospitalized in closed psychiatric unit. In this study, the main data was created with by second analysis of the interviewing data on the experiences of the psychiatric nurse-patient interpersonal Relationship.The interviewing period is from June, 28 to September. 5, 1999. The result of this study are follows • The first essential themes of psychiatric patients' experiences of about nurses' nonverbal communication behaviors in interpersonal relationship are warmth. Psychiatric patients experienced warmth through nurses' nonverbal behaviors: nurse's facial expressions, smiles, eye contacts, eye expressions, voice tones, ways of talking and gestures. And Psychiatric patients revealed their thoughts and feelings when had been feeling them accepted by the nurse through nurse's active listening behaviors. The second essential theme is being aloof, psychiatric patients experienced of rejecting by nurses when nurses wouldn't understand their suffering and adjusted patients to their views and needs, and to be driven cornered and communicated by the direct authoritative manner. In views of this result, nurse's therapeutic nonverbal communi cation behaviors improves psychiatric nurse patient interpersonal Relationship.
Clinical Practicum Experiences of the Nursing Students' in Psychiatric Settings
Authors: Hyun Myung Sun , Seo Mi Ah
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study was to explore nursing students' experiences of clinical practicum in psychiatric settings. Total 6 senior students who were in baccalaureate nursing program were participated in this study who completed 6-week psychiatric practicum. The study was performed from October, 1998 to December, 1999. Individual In-depth interviews were used as a data collection method. The data were analyzed by content analysis using Strauss-Corbin's method. Nineteen concepts were identified in the analysis.In this study, it was found that they had different experiences before, during, and after the clinical practicum. Before the clinical practicum, it was found they had expectation about psychiatry, curiosity to psychiatric patients, and fears about relationship. During the clinical practicum, they had different experiences by focusing on psychiatric nursing, patients, self, nurses, other medical members.And then, finishing the clinical practicum. they could accept the psychiatric patients as the person and solve the fears about psychiatric patients.The findings of this study may assist nursing educators to understand their students' experiences and will provide nursing educators and students with framework for the direction in their clinical practicum.
A Study on the Effects of Uncertainty-Related Variables on Uncertainty of Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Ham Enn Mi , Kim Soo Ok , Park Young Suk
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this investigation was to identify the degree of uncertainty, credible authority, symptom consistency, severity of illness and event familiarity in hospitalized patients and to examine the relationships among those variables.Research data were collected for 8 weeks from 26 October to December 24，1998. Subjects of the study constituted 166 patients who hospitalized patients in one university hospital in Ulsan. Self report questionnaires were used to measure the variables affecting uncertainty in illness.The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS/WN program.The results are as follows.1) Mean Scores for the degree of uncertainty in illness were 65.98. 2) Mean Scores for severity of illness were 3.47 on a 1-4 point scale.3) Mean Scores for symptom consistency were 2.28 on a 1-4 point scale.4) Mean Scores for event familiarity were 3.01 on a 1-4 point scale.5) Mean Scores for credible authority were 3.51 on a 1-4 point scale.6) Uncertainty in illness was significantly highly correlated with severity of illness(r=.373, P<0.01).7) Uncertainty in illness was significantly related to the event familiarity (r=-. 231, P〈0.(》l).8) Uncertainty in illness was significantly related to the credible authority(r=-.156, P〈0.05).From the above results, the significance of this study can be delineated as follows :1) credible authority, severity of illness and event familiarity are the major factors which affect the perceived uncertainty in hospitalized patients 2) It is suggested that hereafter a new trial in nursing intervention considering the effects of these variables is needed.
Comparative Study on the Cognition and Attitudes toward the Mental Illness Among Nursing College Students
Authors: Noh Choon Hee
Published: September 2024

The purpose of the study is to identify the change of nursing college students 7 attitudes toward mental illness in a psychiatric clinical nursing course. Using a CAMI (communi ty attitude toward mental illness)questionnaire, data was collected over 4 months period from 66 nursing students before and after the psychiatric clinical nursing course.The psychiatric clinical nursing course did make a difference to students z attitudes of mental illness. The two concepts of four concepts in the scale revealed significant positive changesless authoritarian and less social restrictiveness. The students didn't think the mentally ill as the control need to be and as they have to be isolated for being dangerous.The change of authoritarian and social restrictiveness is expected to take a major role in developing community mental health services.But there was no meaningful change in benevolence and community mental health ideology. According to nursing literature on nurses' attitudes revealed less benevolent than low educated non professional group, we have to consider this result in future psychiatric mental health clinical education. The reason community mental health ideology had no change was to have a limitation which clinical course focused on mainly the hospitalized mental health nursing.In conclusion, these results have implications for developing further nursing curriculum and practice education. Nursing educators need to emphasize the internalization of nursing behavior in clinical setting and the change of attitude toward mental illness which is essential to community mental health nursing and policy decision making.
Psychometric Testing of the Care Dependency Scale for the Institutionalized Korean Demented Patients
Authors: Kim Eun Joo
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study was to evaluate psychometrics of the Care Dependency ScaleKorean version(CDS-K) for the institutionalized Korean with dementia. The original CDS was developed by Dijkstra et al. for assessing the nursing dimensions of the demented patient's degree of dependency. The scale was translated and back translated by bilingual persons, and then was modified to resolve variations in the translations. The CDS-K was administered to convenient sample consisting of 151 Korean with dementia institutionalized in long term care facilities.High alpha coefficient .93 and interrater reliability between kappa of .27 and .92 were revealed. The results of the factor analysis led to a three factor solution explaining 69.07% of variance of the 15 item scale. The results of determining criterion-related validity of the CDS-K on the Mini Mental State ExaminationKorean version(MMSE-K) and the Rapid Disability Rating Scale-2(RDRS-2) indicated that CDS-K was strongly correlated with MMSE-K and moderately correlated with RDRS-2.The results indicated that the CDS-K the institutionalized Korean with dementia was reliable and valid in assessing the care dependency of the institutionalized Korean with dementia, so that the scale can be used appropriately in Korean long term care facility practice and future studies related to dementia.
Key concept： Sleep, adolescent, adult, elderly Comparison of Quality of Sleep and Factors which are influenced on sleep among adolescents, adults and elderly
Authors: Park Hyun Sook , Kim Gyoung duck , Kim Kyung Hae , Chung Bok-Yae
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study is to search for sleep quality and factors which are influenced on sleep among adolescents, adults and elderly Subjects were 108 adolescents, 85 adults and 114 elderly who live around Taegu city. The data were collected from August 10, 1998 to January 20, 1999. A self-rating questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analysed in frequency, percentage, X 2 -test, means, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, and Scheffe test by SAS computer programme.The results of this study were as follows :The mean score on quality of sleep was 4.57 in adult, 5,79 in adolescents, and 6.71 in elderly. There were statistically significant in quality of sleep among three groups. The mean score of quality of sleep in adults was the highest compared to others.The subjective quality of sleep in elderly was poorer than adults. Quality of sleep in elderly was characterized by prolonged sleep latency, reduced sleep duration, lowered habitual sleep efficiency. Adolescents had the highest level of daytime dysfunction among the three groups.Factors which were influenced on sleep in daily life were investigated. Adolescents were disturbed by ’nocturia(4.6%)', 'feeling too cold(4.6%) and 'dreams(4.6%》'. Adults were disturbed by ’nocturia(7.1%)'. 'other reasons (5.9%)', and ’cough and loud snoring(2.4%) z .And the elderly were disturbed by "nocturia (75.5%)', 'other reasons(7.9%) 'shortness of breath(4.4%) and ’cough and loud snoring (4.4%)', Nocturia was the common disturbing factor which was influenced on sleep in the elderly.
The Experience of the Psychiatric Nurse : A Grounded Theory Approach
Authors: Bai Jeung lee , Son Kyung Hee
Published: September 2024

The Purpose of this study was to build a substantive theory about the experience of psychiatric nurse. The qualitative research method used was grounded theory. The interviewees were twelve psychiatric nurses who had experienced. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with audiotape recording done by the investigator over a period of two years.The data were analyzed simultaneously by a constant comparative method in which new data were continuously coded into categories and properties according to Strauss and Corbin's methodology.Analysis the grounded data resulted in 120concepts being identified. Fifteen c ategories emerged from the analysis. The categories were motivation of application to psychiatric ward, conflict, caring for the psychiatric patient, desire for knowledge and skill, discover of valuing. These substantive categories are consistent with previous research results.Causal conditions included: motivation of application to psychiatric ward. Phenomena :conflict. Intervention condition: professional knowledge and skill, effort, support. Action/ interaction strategies : desire for knowledge and support.Consequences : discover of valuing. These categories were synthesized into the core concept - The process of conflict.The process of discover of valuing was proceeded by ① professional knowledge and skill② effort for development, ③ support from others, ④ caring for the psychiatric patient. Three hypotheses were derived from the analysis.① Psychiatric nurses who were poorly motivated when they applied for the psychiatric ward experienced more conflict.② Psychiatric nurses who care for the psychiatric patient to the higher extent experienced less conflict.③ Psychiatric nurses who had professional knowledge and skill experienced more conflict.This study will prove helpful understanding psychiatric nurses.
A research on the aged distinction and ageism
Authors: Kim Mun Young
Published: September 2024

This reserch was done to provide a data of the aged problem study.To solve the aged problem, we need to change of attitude for the aged.Generally ageism is "one - sided prejudice and distintion of the specific age group", but actually the object of distinction in society is the aged group.The discourses about the aged, that defined on ageism in the society are disease, sexual dysfunction, unpolished outward appearance, loss of intelligent ability and senility.To solve these prejudices by ageism is one of the method to reduce the aged problem.
A Study on Anger expression and Burnout of Psychiatric Mental Health Nurses
Authors: Park Hyun Sook , Bae Young Ju , Joung Sun Young
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This study was to investigate the relation between anger expression and burnout of psychiatric mental health nurses. Methods: The subjects of this study consisted of 102 psychiatric mental health nurses in D city.Data were collected through self-reported questionnaires from 1, March to 30，April in 2003. The data collected were analyzed using mean, S.D., t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficients with SAS. Results: Anger -in were significant differences in the variables of field of service, marital status, duration of service in psychiatric unit, level of education, and position. Anger-control was a significant difference in the level of education. Burnout was a significant difference in the level of education. Physical exhaustion was a significant difference in age.Emotional exhaustion was a significant difference in marital status. Mental exhaustion was a significant difference in the level of education. There was a significant correlation between anger-control and burnout(r=-.20). There was a significant correlation between anger-in and bumout(r=.19). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that there is a need to develope self-management programs considering anger-control to alleviate emotional exhaustion in the psychiatric mental health nurses.
A alimentação para o estudo da história das religiões
Authors: Vilar Oliveira Leandro
Published: September 2024

Os hábitos alimentares, assim como o que se é utilizado para se fazer a comida, consistem em uma fonte para o estudo de culturas e sociedades. Com o advento do movimento da “Nova História” surgiu a História da Alimentação, que permitiu o estudo histórico a partir dos alimentos, fosse pelo seu consumo, processamento, cultivo, criação, comércio, entre outras possibilidades, o que inclui aspectos religiosos, pois os alimentos possuem um papel importante em distintas religiões. Este artigo apresentou duas maneiras de como estudar os alimentos para compreender aspectos históricos das religiões, abordando-os pelas categorias de alimento sagrado e do tabu alimentar.
Apontamentos para a alimentação nos conventos franciscanos da América portuguesa meridional
Authors: Pereira Edson Tadeu
Published: September 2024

Embora existam estudos sobre a alimentação na vida conventual nos domínios do Império português, no que concerne à rede de conventos franciscanos no Brasil meridional, chamada província da Imaculada Conceição, entre o século XVII e XVIII, há pouca discussão a respeito. Trabalhos clássicos sobre a instituição limitaram-se a analisar o tema pela perspectiva do governo dos prelados, como mais uma informação na história administrativa do que uma área de estudo com objetos próprios. Em partes, a lacuna deve-se, também, à característica fragmentária do corpus documental e a falta de material sobre a entrada de víveres e o consumo cotidiano nos recolhimentos. Tendo em vista a impossibilidade de abordar o problema com dados objetivos, como o que, onde e quanto foi ingerido no período, o presente artigo explora documentação coeva e variada, nomeadamente cartas, memórias, moralistas, vidas, estatutos, escrituras, para tentar entender o contexto em que se deu o ato de comer. Abordar as normas e a moralidade à mesa, os meios e os impasses para aquisição dos mantimentos, é capaz de responder, ainda que parcialmente, às dúvidas sobre a conduta capucha diante da nutrição. Assim, esta pesquisa busca descrever as circunstâncias que pautaram a questão nas capitanias do sul do Brasil, de 1650 a 1800, sobretudo a articulação com os seculares que concorreram diretamente no processo de provimento dos institutos. Conclui-se, portanto, que esta história fala mais sobre a forte conotação moral da comida do que simplesmente da subsistência dos religiosos.
História, literatura e (pós)colonialismo
Authors: Ruthieri da Silva Evander
Published: September 2024

O objetivo principal do artigo consiste em uma análise de Condições Nervosas (Nervous Conditions), romance de estreia da autora zimbabuana Tsitsi Dangarembga, o qual foi publicado originalmente em 1988 e narra a trajetória e a formação intelectual/subjetiva de Tambudzai (ou Tambu), uma jovem shona no interior rural da Rodésia (atual Zimbábue), na década de 1960, com ênfase nas oportunidades educacionais que almeja após a morte de seu irmão mais velho, e os conflitos ocasionados a partir do contato entre valores tradicionais africanos e elementos de modernidade, sobretudo no que diz respeito às relações familiares e de gênero. Ao longo da narrativa, Dangarembga contrasta as várias mulheres que integram as vivências de Tambudzai, a exemplo de sua prima, Nyasha, e a tia Maiguru, que representam mulheres que conseguiram oportunidades de estudo e ascensão social, ainda que vivenciando conflitos ocasionados pelo contato com as culturas colonialistas. A análise do romance, a partir das interlocuções teórico-metodológicas acerca das relações entre História e Literatura, e com amparo nos estudos africanos, concentra-se na obra de Dangarembga para investigar os processos de formação de subjetividades femininas na sociedade colonial no Zimbábue, com atenção à construção de espaços de protagonismo e agenciamento de mulheres shona em diferentes espaços sociais, e contrapondo essas questões a um contexto demarcado pelos debates políticos e conflitos ocasionados em torno da descolonização e consolidação da nação zimbabuana.
O que resta do futuro após o fim da história?
Authors: Franco Neto Mauro
Published: September 2024

O artigo tem por objetivo analisar a hipótese “presentista” do historiador francês François Hartog à luz do problema da disponibilidade da história. Para tanto, colocamos a hipótese em diálogo com uma bibliografia brasileira, mas não apenas, que procurou, dentre outras coisas, apontar as insuficiências teóricas e políticas desta hipótese, bem como destacar as dimensões e riscos que se impõem à tarefa de nomear o contemporâneo. Entendemos que as perspectivas que argumentam acerca de uma desorientação do tempo a partir da crise do conceito moderno de história podem ser redimensionadas a partir de um adensamento na descrição dos processos de temporalização na contemporaneidade. Por fim, argumentamos que a pergunta sobre a disponibilidade da história, quando o futuro já não é mais o mesmo, ganha novos contornos com um futuro que já não está mais necessariamente associado a promessas redentoras e, sim, atento às condições objetivas para a vida no planeta e para o cuidado com tudo aquilo que habita o tempo.
“Nem inferno verde nem um paraíso perdido”
Authors: Oliveira de Mello Gabriel Felipe
Published: September 2024

Este artigo analisa a figuração da região amazônica no pensamento geopolítico dos intelectuais militares Golbery do Couto e Silva (1913-1987) e Carlos de Meira Mattos (1913-2007) entre as décadas de 1950 e 1970. A hipótese central do trabalho parte do entendimento que antes de representar apenas uma região no sentido geográfico, a Amazônia possuiu um caráter simbólico e determinante na produção do pensamento geopolítico brasileiro do pós-II Guerra Mundial. Essa mobilização estava intrinsecamente relacionada ao conceito de desenvolvimento e a um imaginário político, constituído por uma forte ideia de tempo futuro, que pode ser denominado de “Brasil potência”. Dito isto, esta reflexão procura contribuir para o esforço de entendimento de temas como “sertão”, “conquista do oeste” e "fronteiras", mas inovando na medida em que o enfoque recai sobre o papel da floresta amazônica no pensamento político brasileiro. É justamente sobre essa última questão que este trabalho se debruça, procura demonstrar como a “Amazônica”, enquanto espaço simbólico, figurou na reflexão de intelectuais militares brasileiro do período do pós-Guerra.
A incúria dos curas
Authors: Claro Moreira Nathalia
Published: September 2024

O artigo investiga as transgressões dos padres que substituíram os jesuítas nas missões de Moxos (Bolívia) demonstrando por um lado a violência religiosa e, por outro, a resistência indígena à esse cenário. Conclui-se que apesar das violências dos curatos, as lideranças indígenas desempenharam papel crucial em constantes denúncias escritas e orais, as quais foram registradas pelo aparato colonial. A abordagem documental possibilita uma reconstrução crítica dos eventos, evidenciando um cenário complexo onde as missões não apenas testemunharam violências contra os indígenas reduzidos, mas também foram palco de grandes reivindicações e lutas, o que enfatiza o protagonismo indígena no sistema colonial. Metodologicamente, o artigo se baseia na análise de documentação colonial primária e na revisão integrativa da historiografia jesuítica.
The Relationship between E-Health Literacy and Educational Participation Motivation among Elderly Individuals: The Chained Mediating Effects of Self-Identity and Social Capital
Authors: Cai Shaolian , Du Juan , Chen Xingqiang , Li Enliang , Chen Yufang
Published: September 2024

Aims/Background In light of the increased utilization of digital technology among the elderly population, understanding the relationship between e-health literacy, self-identity, social capital, and educational participation motivation has become crucial. This study aims to investigate these relationships and explore the mediating effects of self-identity and social capital on the elderly population. By shedding light on these aspects, the study seeks to contribute to the existing knowledge base and inform intervention strategies to enhance the elderly individuals’ overall well-being and engagement with digital health resources.

Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted in a sample consisting of 578 elderly participants. Data of the surveyed variables were analyzed. Mediating effect analysis methods were employed to explore the mediating roles of self-identity and social capital in the relationship between e-health literacy and educational participation motivation among the elderly individuals.

Results The results revealed a significant positive correlation between e-health literacy, self-identity, social capital, and educational participation motivation among elderly individuals. Furthermore, self-identity and social capital were found to play significant mediating roles between e-health literacy and educational participation motivation. Specifically, self-identity and social capital acted as complete mediators, with a mediating effect value of 0.61, between e-health literacy and educational participation motivation. Additionally, the chained mediating effect of self-identity and social capital was also significant.

Conclusion This study demonstrated that e-health literacy and educational participation motivation are closely intertwined, with self-identity and social capital acting as the mediators in this association, in the elderly population, providing valuable guidance for enhancing the health and quality of life and offering insightful references for the development and implementation of relevant policies.
Preoperative Prediction of Her-2 and Ki-67 Status in Gastric Cancer Using 18F-FDG PET/CT Radiomics Features of Visceral Adipose Tissue
Authors: Chen Demei , Zhou Rui , Li Bo
Published: September 2024

Aims/Background Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the main method to detect human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her-2) and Ki-67 expression levels. However, IHC is invasive and cannot reflect their expression status in real-time. This study aimed to build radiomics models based on visceral adipose tissue (VAT)’s 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging, and to evaluate the relationship between radiomics features of VAT and positive expression of Her-2 and Ki-67 in gastric cancer (GC).

Methods Ninety patients with GC were enrolled in this study. 18F-FDG PET/CT radiomics features were calculated using the PyRadiomics package. Two methods were employed to reduce radiomics features. The machine learning models, logistic regression (LR), and support vector machine (SVM), were constructed and estimated by the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve. The correlation of outstanding features with Ki-67 and Her-2 expression status was evaluated.

Results For the Ki-67 set, the area under of the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) and accuracy were 0.86 and 0.79 for the LR model and 0.83 and 0.69 for the SVM model. For the Her-2 set, the AUC and accuracy were 0.84 and 0.86 for the LR model and 0.65 and 0.85 for the SVM model. The LR model for Ki-67 exhibited outstanding prediction performance. Three wavelet transform features were correlated with Her-2 expression status (p all < 0.001), and one wavelet transform feature was correlated with the expression status of Ki-67 (p = 0.042).

Conclusion 18F-FDG PET/CT-based radiomics models of VAT demonstrate good performance in predicting Her-2 and Ki-67 expression status in patients with GC. Radiomics features can be used as imaging biomarkers for GC.
Differences Across States in Higher Education Finance Policy
Authors: Cheslock John J. , Hughes Rodney P.
Published: September 2024

In the United States, public higher education finance policy is primarily decided at the state level, and policies can vary dramatically across state lines. Data was used from 1989–1990 and 2008–2009 to describe these differences and how they have changed over time. Numerous aspects of each state's higher education system were examined—average four-year tuition and fees, average two-year tuition and fees, the share of each state's public enrollment that is located at two-year institutions, total state grant aid, total need-based state grant aid, and total non-need-based state grant aid. The findings reveal substantial variation across states, but these differences across states fell over time for most measures. The relationships between variables also changed. For example, the positive relationship between a state's tuition level and its financial aid offerings declined during the period. Our analyses produce insight into national trends in tuition and grant aid by examining the contribution of individual states to these trends. National figures have been heavily influenced by the decisions of a few large states with atypical finance policies and by the shifting of population away from high-tuition northern industrial states and towards low-tuition Sun Belt states.
Public and Private Incentives for Investment in Higher Education: Are They Sufficient, Especially for Black Males?
Authors: Appiah Elizabeth N.
Published: September 2024

The institutional costs of higher education have been rising. With diminishing public support per student, tuition and fees private costs have also been rising. But so have the real earnings of college graduates. Are there still sufficient incentives on efficiency grounds for additional public investment in higher education? And in particular, given that recent studies reveal that the costs to society of the inadequate education by black males (i.e., costs of reduced tax revenue as a result of lack of marketable job skills as well as their reliance on public assistance) are enormous, are there incentives for public support and/or other policy insights that would help address the problem? This paper estimates nationwide private and social rates of return computed by the ‘full method’ by degree for each race and sex, and then repeats this for a specific campus based on tracer study data. It controls for ‘ability’, and breaks these rates down by field of study. Mincer returns at the campus level are also computed. Private rates of return are the rates that discount the stream of net increments to earnings after taxes over the lifecycle attributable to education back to their present value and equate them to the private investment costs to students and their families. Therefore the private rates of return are the returns relevant to individual students and their families. Social rates of return are the rates that discount the stream of net earnings differential before taxes over the lifecycle back to their present value and set the result back to the total institutional and foregone earnings costs. These social rates are relevant to decisions by government about development policies. The article finds that both the private and social rates of return for black males are much lower than they are for whites or for black females at the bachelor’s level and in each field. Higher ‘ability’ raises these rates, but its effect on the rates of return is only about 2–3 percentage points, and is not much different for other races and sexes. The larger propensity of black males to choose low net return fields is a major source of the insufficient economic incentives, and additional counseling of other policy approaches may be needed to help reduce the large social costs incurred from the inadequate education of this group.
Estimating the Spillover Effects of School District Demographics on Per-Pupil Spending
Authors: Ajilore Olugbenga
Published: September 2024

The level of education spending may not only be determined by a school district’s characteristics, but also by the characteristics of neighboring school districts. To properly evaluate these impacts, I use the approach which develops summary impact measures for inference on statistical significance. This article is the first in the education finance literature to explicitly measure the spillover effects of school district demographics with respect to per-pupil spending. Many studies have estimated fiscal competition models with respect to public expenditures, but competition among the determinants may exist as well. The explicit estimation of these spillover effects can improve our understanding of how changing demographics will impact state and local government finance. Policymakers need to be aware of shifts not just because of what the implications are for their school district, but how the changes in neighboring districts may impact their district, too.
Education Finance Reform, Local Behavior, and Student Performance in Massachusetts
Authors: Nguyen-Hoang Phuong , Yinger John
Published: September 2024

This study examines the impact on student performance of the education finance reform enacted in 1993 in Massachusetts and of school districts’ institutional structure. Estimating education expenditure and demand functions, this study presents evidence that changes in the state education aid following the education reform resulted in significantly higher student performance. Also, school officials and voters in the dependent school districts in Massachusetts respond to fiscal incentives in much the same way as those in independent school districts in other states. Finally, there are significant differences between regular school districts (coterminous with a single municipality) and regional school districts (consisting of more than one).
The Private School Market in Kuwait: A Field Study on Educational Investment Behavior of Kuwaiti Families
Authors: Alqahtani Abdulmuhsen Ayedh
Published: September 2024

The current study aims at exploring Kuwaiti families’ educational investment behavior pursuant to the selection of a specific private school for their children from the private school market. Using the quantitative approach and the principles of marketing research, a survey was administered to a randomly selected sample of Kuwaiti families ( n = 1400). The results showed that the Kuwaiti families focused on the quality of teaching and value of schooling when they decided to select a specific private school for their children. Based on the obtained results, relevant managerial and educational implications are included for the purpose of analyzing pertinent theories and practices.
Financing Education for the Public Good: A New Strategy
Authors: McMahon Walter W.
Published: September 2024

A new approach is suggested that depends on and measures how spending on higher and basic education is really an investment in the future, not consumption spending. This is a vital distinction because investment in human capital contributes heavily to growth and development, but also to higher state tax revenue and lower Medicaid, child care, welfare, and criminal justice system costs as developed here. These contribute directly to the state’s fiscal health and legislator’s more immediate concerns. But just as with the needs to fund higher education costs and “adequacy” in K-12 funding, this criterion alone is partial. The paper develops the total return to education relative to full costs as the basic education financing criterion for whether there is under or over-investment in education for efficient family and statewide development.
Efficiency Evaluations of U.S. Public Higher Education and Effects of State Funding and Pell Grants: Panel Data Estimates Using Two Stage Data Envelopment Analysis, 2004–2013 Academic Years
Authors: Sav G. Thomas
Published: September 2024

abstract:
The Great Recession induced by the financial crisis accelerated the decades of declining state funding support for U.S. public higher education, while simultaneously bringing increased political pressures for demonstrating improvements in the operating efficiencies among all universities and colleges. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, it provides estimates of those efficiencies and their changes over ten academic years, 2004 through 2013. Second, it provides estimates of the effects of state funding decreases on operating efficiencies, while also accounting for the large student enrollment recipients due to Pell Grant funds. A two stage data envelopment analysis is employed. First stage efficiencies enter the Tobit model in the second stage with state funding and Pell Grant measures as covariates. Panel data covers research, comprehensive, and associate institutions. Although the efficiency estimates are shown to vary widely across institutions, there is strong evidence that reversing state legislative decisions and increasing state funding would improve higher education efficiency.
A Constrained Bureaucratic Model of Behavioral Responses to School Finance Reform
Authors: Ullrich Laura D. , Murray Matthew N.
Published: September 2024

Tennessee Small School Systems v. McWherter case led to a significant reform of the state’s school finance system during 1992–1993 with the phased-in implementation of the Basic Education Program. This paper examines the impact of Tennessee’s school finance reform on education spending using a complete panel of school districts from 1989–2006. Five models of multiple-regression, panel data analysis are conducted to investigate the impact of the reforms. Results indicate that increased state education funding reduced locally provided discretionary funding. Institutional features of the reform, such as the five-year phase-in of state funds and the nominal maintenance-of-effort spending requirement, decreased locally provided funding relative to what would otherwise have been observed absent the reform.