bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Analysis of Gate-Entry Stability in Multiple Seams Longwall Coal Mine Under Weak Rock Conditions
Authors: Mao Pisith , Sasaoka Takashi , Shimada Hideki , Hamanaka Akihiro , Wahyudi Sugeng , Oya Jiro , Naung Naung
Published: January 2020

A study of multiple seams longwall mining is proposed to investigate its applicability in Indonesia coal mine. The study area of this research is PT Gerbang Daya Mandiri (GDM) coal mine located in East Kalimantan Island. The study of seam interaction is crucial for developing multiple seams longwall mining especially when it comes to weak rock conditions which are usually found in most of the coal reserves in Indonesia. This paper will use numerical simulation to investigate the effect of the first mined-out seam on the development of the second coal seam gate-entry by considering a couple of key parameters including depth of the coal seam and interburden length. The simulation model consists of two main indicators for instability which include failure zone, the contour of safety factor. The results show that the effect of seam interaction on gate-entry has different intensity based on the thickness of the interburden and coal seam depth. This work also provided appropriate support configuration for maintaining the stability of gate-entry.
Ethical Branding in the Modern Retail: A Comparison of Italy and UK Ethical Coffee Branding Strategies
Authors: Papaluca Ornella , Sciarelli Mauro , Tani Mario
Published: January 2020

Modern markets can be seen as complex systems of relationships where stakeholders are able to influence the firms’ decision-making processes and their value creation processes. Modern businesses should adopt a broader perspective in order to not focus their actions only on maximize economic performance, but to design them considering even their social and environmental impacts on the system as a whole. Firms have to respond to the stakeholders’ expectations as a way to obtain the legitimacy needed to create a beneficial environment that will help them in creating a positive effect out of their system of relations, without violating the social contract tying together all the actors in a given system. It follows that, when companies can effectively communicate to their systems’ actors how they are following the principles of sustainability and prove that their actions are socially responsible, they can get several advantages. One of the way companies must accomplish this feat is to ask third parties to certify their actions in order to be able to print on their products one of the various Ethical Labels. Using these labels to mark their products can be a tool to influence the consumer to buy from the firm over the competitors, leveraging on a higher legitimacy.

In this paper, we have studied the evolution of the practice of non-financial disclosure trough ethical labels that 14 coffee brands, both in Italy and in England, as a way to understand how, in different markets they have changed over a 5-year time.
Trait Anger and Anger Expression Styles in Muay Thai Athletes
Authors: Ustun Ferhat , Tasgin Erdal
Published: January 2020

In this research, Muay Thai athletes who are university students have been examined by evaluating trait anger and anger expressions in terms of some variables. One hundred and ninety-five Muay Thai Athletes from Turkey Muay Thai Championship between universities volunteered for the study. “The Trait Anger and Anger Expression Scales” by Spielberger was used to determine the trait anger and anger expression styles of participants. Kruskal Wallis H and Mann Whitney U tests were applied for statistical analysis and comparison of variables.

According to the general results of the study; for Anger/In subscale, male athletes had higher points than female athletes. The mothers of high school graduates have higher Anger-In scores than whose mothers had university graduate, and whose father had high school graduate, than in athletes, whose father had primary school graduate. It was found that athletes, whose mothers had secondary school graduate, had higher anger/out subscale points than athletes, whose mothers had primary school graduate and university graduate. Anger/in subscale points of athletes, who had 9 years and more of sport experience, were higher than athletes, who had a lower of sport experience. Those with 3–4 years of sport experience had higher anger/out subscale points than those with 1–2 years and 9 years and more of sport experience. Those with 9 years and more had higher anger-control subscale points than those with a lower of sport experience. There was no significant difference in trait anger and anger/in subscales points between athletes joined international tournaments and who did not. There was a significant different in anger/out and anger/control subscales points between athletes joined international tournaments and who did not.

As a result, Muay Thai athletes, who are university students, have differences in the forms of trait anger and anger expressions in the dimensions of family (parents’ education level), sporting time and participation in international competitions, the positive incentives of the family to sports, the experiences of the individual in the field of sports and the sense of self-realization have been evaluated that they have a motivational and positive effect on managing, controlling, or suppressing anger.
Entrepreneurship and Sustainability in Tourism: An Interpretative Model
Authors: Papaluca Ornella , Tani Mario , Troise Ciro
Published: January 2020

Especially in recent years, the attention to sustainability is even more felt in the tourism sector where the consequences of indiscriminate behavior in the exploitation of resources on the environment, on human beings and on their economic activities have become increasingly evident (Jaremen, Nawrocka, & Żemła, 2019). Tourism is often considered as a source of natural and cultural resources’ exploitation, but it also contributes to GHG emissions, being one of the main reasons that pushes the world population to move. On the other hand, tourism-related activities, when correctly designed, can be a strong source of sustainable development. Indeed, tourism products should be sustainable as they depend on local area resources: they are complex products which, on the one hand, should use local resources as a differentiation strategy, on the other hand, hey should factor in the needs of several territory’s stakeholders.

Researchers and institutions have developed many tools to assess tourism environmental impacts focusing both on the local area as a whole or on a given product. For the tourism sector, social and environmental impacts, responses and indicators fall into five categories (Buckley, 2012): population, peace, prosperity, pollution and protection. Moreover, these tools and measures have not been able to increase sustainability of tourism products and the industry is not yet close to sustainability.

In this chapter, we proposed an approach, built around Elkington’s three pillars model (1994), to assess sustainability (Lehtonen, 2004) of tourism products; we focus on products design processes to create a model that help entrepreneurs in assessing if their products are sustainable and where they are their main weaknesses. In order to show how such a simple model can be used to evaluate sustainable tourism initiatives and highlight their weaknesses we have used a multiple case studies approach and we have analyzed three different cases.
Indian Government’s Sustainable Initiatives and the Millennials Behavior
Authors: Jafri Saba
Published: January 2020

This conceptual article examines how Sustainable Initiatives of government and corporates can help shape behaviours of Millenials that can address the different needs and expectations of potential and existing employees. This can result in a sustained competitive advantage for the firms and enhanced self-esteem for the existing and prospective employees. Sustainability efforts should encourage youngsters to imbibe behaviours that are in line with governments and corporates' efforts to create a better planet to live in. These behaviours should help firms attract and retain a high-quality workforce because by integrating Sustainable HRM practices into the employee value proposition, they can establish a unique, employer brand. The paper also highlights the challenges faced by the government and corporates together to achieve these sustainable objectives.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Modern Applied Science, Vol. 14, No. 2
Authors: Lee Sunny
Published: January 2020

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Modern Applied Science, Vol. 14, No. 2
2019/44 Equal pay principle – New measures to reduce the gender pay gap – the example of Switzerland (CH)
Authors: Rousselle-Ruffieux Sara
Published: January 2020

2019/44 Equal pay principle – New measures to reduce the gender pay gap – the example of Switzerland (CH)

The European Commission recently conducted a public consultation on the measures that may be taken to ensure the full application of the principle of equal pay between women and men. Its evaluation report is expected before the end of this year. The new Swiss legislation on monitoring and disclosure of the gender pay gap may be inspiration for future EU initiatives in this area.
2019/47 Transfer of undertakings does not include temporary agency workers (AT)
Authors: Pfalz Thomas B.
Published: January 2020

2019/47 Transfer of undertakings does not include temporary agency workers (AT)

In a series of rulings the Austrian Supreme Court has made it clear that temporary agency workers are transferred to the transferee only if they are assigned to the transferor on a permanent basis. According to the Court, the facts of the cases at hand are not comparable to those of the ECJ ruling in Albron Catering BV (C-242/09). Hence the temporary agency workers remain with their original employer. However, some aspects of the Court’s reasoning seem unclear if not contradictory with regard to other recent judgments.
2019/50 Damages for overtime work exceeding rules of the Working Time Directive can be subject to preclusive periods (GE)
Authors: Traber Othmar K.
Published: January 2020

2019/50 Damages for overtime work exceeding rules of the Working Time Directive can be subject to preclusive periods (GE)

The Federal Labour Court had to decide on a case in which an employee asserted claims for damages against his public employer on account of an overtime regulation which infringed European law. However, because he had failed to comply with the time limits, his lawsuit was unsuccessful in the final instance.
Evaluation of rowing speed andeffectiveness using the innovative “Laura” boatcompared to other rescue boats
Authors: Ostrowski Andrzej , Strzała Marek , Stanula Arkadiusz , Skaliy Aleksander , Makowiec Marek
Published: January 2020

Aim. The objective of this work was evaluation of rowing speed and effectiveness using the innovative “Laura” boat comparedto other rescue boats.
Basic procedures. The research was conducted in July 2017 on Rożnów Lake amongst 20 men within the age of 20-22 years, students of the University of Physical Education in Kraków. Their task was to cover a 100-m length in “Laura”, “Iwona” and “Mazurek” row boats. The evaluated items were speed of swimming by measuring the time to cover the route and the effectiveness by counting executed rowing cycles while rowing in a straight line – from halfway (50 m) to the buoy located in the middle of the return route (25 m before the finish).
Results. Based on the calculations, it was concluded that the fastest boat was “Laura” (average time: 105.22 sec) and the slowest was “Iwona” (average time: 143.74 sec). Also, basing on an analysis of rowing straight and round a buoy, it was proved that the subjects rowed the most effectively using the “Laura” boat, making less paddle movements than in the other vessels. Main findings. The results of the research authorize the statement that the innovative “Laura” boat, apart from its many pros connected with its design, allows efficient and fast rowing both in a straight line and when turning.
Sense of efficiency and helplessness, fear and styles of coping with stress in adolescents practicing sports
Authors: Basiaga-Pasternak Joanna
Published: January 2020

Introduction. Sense of efficacy is one of the important predictors of an athlete's efficiency [1]. The aim of the study was to show whether there is a relationship between the level of sense of efficacy vs. the sense of helplessness in girls and boys undertaking sports and level of anxiety (cognitive and somatic) as well as the dominant styles of coping with stress.
Procedures. The study comprised 222 individuals - students of sport high-schools from the Małopolskie and Śląskie voivodeships (108 girls, average age =17.52 years and 114 boys, average age =18.47 years). The Intrapersonal, Interpersonal and World AttitudesQuestionnaire [Kwestionariusz Nastawień Intrapersonalnych, Interpersonalnych i Nastawień wobec Świata (KNIIŚ)] created by Ewa Wysocka was used [2] - the "Sense of efficacy" and "Sense of helplessness" scale (version for high-school students); Endler and Parker's "Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS)" in the Polish adaptation by Szczepaniak, Strelau, Wrześniewski [3] and "Reactions to Competition" by Smith, Smoll, Schutz in the Polish adaptation by Krawczyński, were also implemented [4].
Results. It has been shown in the research that respondents are dominated by a sense of efficacy over helplessness, a task-oriented style of coping with stress, and somatic fear before a start. In addition, it was found that there is a relationship between sense of efficacy and sense of helplessness with somatic anxiety that is moderated by sex, as well as a relationship between the sense of helplessness and the level of distraction, and a relationship between the sense of helplessness and the level of worrying that is also moderated by gender. Also observed was a correlation between the style of coping consisting in seeking social contacts with sense of helplessness among the surveyed girls.
Conclusions. A practical postulate arises regarding strengthening sense of efficacy, especially among female competitors.
Adaptación del Índice de Gini a investigaciones sociológicas sobre la educación
Authors: Hernàndez i Dobon Francesc Jesús , Castelo Branco Uyguaciara Veloso , Nakamura Paulo Hideo
Published: January 2020

El artículo propone una adaptación del Índice (o Coeficiente) de Gini, habitual para medir la desigualdad en la economía y otras ciencias, a investigaciones sociológicas de la educación. Explica detalladamente el funcionamiento del índice, su mecánica de cálculo, y sus ventajas y expone tres cálculos, con diferentes procedimientos de cálculo, aplicados al ámbito educativo: uno relativo a la inversión pública en educación superior, otro referente a los ajustes de las trayectorias universitarias y el último relacionado con las competencias lingüísticas.
“Somebody’s noises are another person’s signal:” Art, Neuroscience, and Radio Astronomy
Authors: Castaño Paola
Published: January 2020

«Cogito in Space» is an interdisciplinary art project that sends «thoughts» to outer space. The project, led by artist Daniela de Paulis, involves neuroscientists, radio operators and radio astronomers. They use brain waves collected by the neuroscientists in an electroencephalogram (EEG) scan while the person being scanned watches images of the Universe and Earth from space with a virtual reality headset. This data is converted into a stream of sound, and then transmitted by the radio operators to non-targeted points in the sky using the Dwingeloo radio telescope in the Netherlands. This article examines the dialogue that Cogito crafted between art, radio astronomy and neuroscience. From a sociology of science perspective, I argue that this dialogue is a poetic reinterpretation of scientific instruments used by neuroscientists and radio astronomers. With poetic, I refer broadly to the process of creating a set of symbols that weave connections between social worlds. These symbols’ interpretations remain open-ended, and exist in the interstices between the empirical and the speculative. Thus, while becoming vehicles of artistic expression, scientific instruments are re-interrogated in a new framework of meaning. I characterise the central ideas of the project, its process of design and its performance based on interviews with the members of the collaboration; participant observation during an academic presentation and a performance at the Dwingeloo radio telescope in November, 2018; and documentary analysis of reports and publications from the project.
RUSSIAN BALLET: ITS STYLE, INFLUENCE AND DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA
Authors: Wayoan Vennesa Naomi , Elfira Mina
Published: January 2020

This research aims to explore the influence of Russian ballet style in developing ballet culture in Indonesia. Using Joseph S Nye’s soft power theory (2011) and Geoffrey Hasking’s theory (1997) on Rusification, the research argues that social and political situations in Indonesia and Russia to some extend have influenced development of ballet in Indonesia. This research mainly based on a qualitative sources, conducted by using interview technique and literature review. The results of study proves that the spreading of ballet in Indonesia has been affected by development of social and political relationships between Indonesia and Russia from Old Order era until the era of reformation in Indonesia.
A STYLISTIC USE OF LANGUAGE IN SELECTED NIGERIAN MEDIA ADVERTISING
Authors: Inegbe Miriam Stephen
Published: January 2020

This study explored styles of language used as communicative medium in media advertising in selected advert samples in Nigeria. The data for this study were randomly drawn from seventeen advert slogans taken from various media advertising in Nigeria. Inputs were drawn from other adverts not included in the selected samples. The selected samples’ data were analyzed from the linguistic point of view; graphological, lexical, syntactic and semantic. It was discovered, in the course of the study. that the impact of media advertisements depends largely on the advertiser’s carefully manipulated language elements and resources such as; use of specific emotive adjectives, ellipsis, verb less sentences, exaggerations, imperatives, declaratives and unusual collocations to incite and encourage the target audiences’ choice.
BANGTAN SONYEONDAN IN AMERICA: SOFT MASCULINITY PERFORMANCE AND AUDIENCE RESPONSE
Authors: Putri Adinda Saraswati Mustafa , Mintarsih Adriana Rahajeng
Published: January 2020

Before their name resonates in American music charts and award shows, BTS experienced a shift in their display of masculinity, from showcasing complicit masculinity towards hegemonic norms to challenging the socially accepted values of being men by performing soft masculinity. Nonetheless, they still manage to snatch tens of thousands of fans' hearts, especially in the United States. Since female fans dominate the fandom, BTS's male fans are often overlooked in existing studies. With the purpose of analyzing BTS’s display of soft masculinity and comparing female and male fans' perceptions of non-hegemonic masculinity, this research studies BTS’s performances and does not only focus on female fans' views on soft masculinity but also those of male fans. Online surveys and in-depth interviews were conducted to unravel American fans' perception of soft masculinity. Using Jung’s concept of soft masculinity alongside with Connell's concept of hegemonic masculinity, this research found that although soft masculinity is widely accepted among American BTS fans, hegemonic masculinity continues to remain among male audience.
A cis-carotene derived apocarotenoid regulates etioplast and chloroplast development
Authors: Cazzonelli Christopher I , Hou Xin , Alagoz Yagiz , Rivers John , Dhami Namraj , Lee Jiwon , Marri Shashikanth , Pogson Barry J
Published: January 2020

Carotenoids are a core plastid component and yet their regulatory function during plastid biogenesis remains enigmatic. A unique carotenoid biosynthesis mutant,carotenoid chloroplast regulation 2(ccr2), that has no prolamellar body (PLB) and normal PROTOCHLOROPHYLLIDE OXIDOREDUCTASE (POR) levels, was used to demonstrate a regulatory function for carotenoids and their derivatives under varied dark-light regimes. A forward genetics approach revealed how an epistatic interaction between aζ-carotene isomerasemutant (ziso-155) andccr2blocked the biosynthesis of specificcis-carotenes and restored PLB formation in etioplasts. We attributed this to a novel apocarotenoid retrograde signal, as chemical inhibition of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase activity restored PLB formation inccr2etioplasts during skotomorphogenesis. The apocarotenoid acted in parallel to the repressor of photomorphogenesis, DEETIOLATED1 (DET1), to transcriptionally regulate PROTOCHLOROPHYLLIDE OXIDOREDUCTASE (POR), PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR3 (PIF3) and ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5). The unknown apocarotenoid signal restored POR protein levels and PLB formation indet1, thereby controlling plastid development.
Novel insights into the effect of drought stress on the development of root and caryopsis in barley
Authors: Li Fali , Chen Xinyu , Yu Xurun , Chen Mingxin , Lu Wenyi , Wu Yunfei , Xiong Fei
Published: January 2020

Drought is a common natural disaster in barley production, which restricts the growth and development of barley roots and caryopses seriously, thereby decreasing yield and debasing grain quality. However, mechanisms for how drought stress affects barley caryopses and roots development under drought stress are unclear. In this paper, Suluomai1 was treated with drought from flowering to caryopses mature stage. The morphological and structural changes in roots growth and caryopses development of barley were investigated. Drought stress increased root/shoot ratio and eventually led to the 20.16% reduction of ear weight and 7.75% reduction of 1,000-grain weight by affecting the biomass accumulation of roots and caryopses. The barley roots under drought had more lateral roots while the vessel number and volume of roots decreased. Meanwhile, drought stress accelerated the maturation of caryopses, resulting in a decrease in the accumulation of starch but a significant increase of protein accumulation in barley endosperm. There was a significantly positive correlation (0.76) between the area of root vessel and the relative area of protein in endosperm cells under normal condition and drought increased the correlation coefficient (0.81). Transcriptome analysis indicated that drought induced differential expressions of genes in caryopses were mainly involved in encoding storage proteins and protein synthesis pathways. In general, drought caused changes in the morphology and structure of barley roots, and the roots conveyed stress signals to caryopses, inducing differential expression of genes related to protein biosynthesis, ultimately leading to the increase in the accumulation of endosperm protein. The results not only deepen the study on drought mechanism of barley, but also provide theoretical basis for molecular breeding, high-yield cultivation and quality improvement in barley.
The Influence of Papaya Leaf Extract to Anthracnose Disease in Papaya Fruit
Authors: . Sudiono , . Efri , Asep Awaludin Muhammad
Published: January 2020

Aims: The objective of this research was to find out the influence of papaya leaf extract to the in-vitro growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and in-vivo anthracnose disease occurrence at papaya fruit.

Methodology: This research used completely randomized design with seven treatments and four replications. Obtained data were analyzed by using analysis of variance and mean scores were compared and tested with least significance difference (LSD) at 5% and polynomial test at 5%.

Results: The research result showed the significant influence of papaya leaf extract and synthetic fungicide in inhibiting the growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides colony and the disease occurrence at papaya fruit. The polynomial test result of papaya leaf extract showed linier pattern of C. Gloeosporioides colony diameter and disease course progression.

Conclusion: The papaya leaf extract inhibited C. Gloeosporioides colony growth at 2 up to 7 days after inoculation, but it did not inhibit spore germination and its density. The papaya leaf extract also inhibit the disease occurrence at 5 and 6 days after application.
Salient Genetic Notes on Small-RNAs and their Applications in Agricultural Biotechnology
Authors: Amiteye Samuel
Published: January 2020

Small-RNAs are 20 to 27 nucleotides long non-protein-coding RNAs that act on either DNA or RNA to effect the regulation of gene expression. Small-RNAs are key in genetic and epigenetic regulation of diverse biological processes and pathways in response to biotic and abiotic environmental stresses. The gene regulatory functions of small-RNA molecules enhance healthy plant growth and normal development by controlling biological processes such as flowering programming, fruit development, disease and pests resistance. Small-RNAs comprise mainly microRNA and small interfering RNA species. MicroRNAs have been proven to primarily engage in posttranscriptional gene regulation while small interfering RNA have been implicated mainly in transcriptional gene regulation. This review covers the recent advancements in small-RNA research in plants, with emphasis on particularly microRNAs and small interfering RNA biogenesis, biological functions and their relevance in the regulation of traits of agronomic importance in plants. Also discussed extensively is the potential biotechnological applications of these small-RNAs for crop improvement.
Evaluation of Indigenous Knowledge and Fuel Value Index of Some Selected Sudano-Sahelian Fuelwood Species in Damaturu, Yobe State of Nigeria
Authors: Dadile A. M. , Sotannde O. A.
Published: January 2020

Fuelwood utilization in the sudano- sahelian region requires massive felling of tree species which in turn resulted to deforestation and sand dunce couple with scarce vegetation in the region. Moreover, fuelwood is not only used for domestic and commercial purposes but for livelihood sustenance. This increases the demand and intensity for fuelwood through indiscriminate felling of trees species for energy use, with a trend that does not appear to have the possibility of meeting the increasing demand in the future.  The study aimed to evaluate the indigenous knowledge and fuel value index (FVI) of ten selected sudano-sahelian fuelwood species and the results revealed a significant relationship between the indigenous knowledge and Fuel value index (FVI) of the ten selected fuelwood species. Higher FVI of 13.56MJ/m3 % 2 was obtained in A. leiocarpus followed by 6.61 MJ/m3 % 2 and 6.53MJ/m3 % 2 obtained in B. aegyptiaca and C. arereh meanwhile, lower energy fuelwood ranged from  0.11MJ/m3% 2 obtained in C. lamprocarpum. to 0 85MJ/m3% 2,   in  S. birrea respectively. Meanwhile, A. leiocarpus, C. arereh, C. molle, and B. aegyptiaca were the most preferred and possessed good fuel quality. The indigenous knowledge might not be solely based on their fuel properties but availability and other possible reasons. Therefore, those fuelwood species identified with higher energy value can be incorporated in to fuelwood plantation establishment programs and those with lower energy value fuelwood should be allowed for environmental restoration and amelioration.
AAAP is providing TA for STR/SOR for all, not just grantees
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2020

The American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry (AAAP) is an outlier in the world of so‐called “Beltway bandits” — entities subsisting (OK, thriving) on federal grants and contracts for their existence. Under its grant from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) to provide technical assistance (TA) for opioid grantees, it is going above and beyond what it had signed up to do, and it's doing it for free.
Room‐Temperature Partial Conversion of α‐FAPbI3Perovskite Phase via PbI2Solvation Enables High‐Performance Solar Cells
Authors: Barrit Dounya , Cheng Peirui , Darabi Kasra , Tang Ming‐Chun , Smilgies Detlef‐M. , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Zhao Kui , Amassian Aram
Published: January 2020

The two‐step conversion process consisting of metal halide deposition followed by conversion to hybrid perovskite has been successfully applied toward producing high‐quality solar cells of the archetypal MAPbI3hybrid perovskite, but the conversion of other halide perovskites, such as the lower bandgap FAPbI3, is more challenging and tends to be hampered by the formation of hexagonal nonperovskite polymorph of FAPbI3, requiring Cs addition and/or extensive thermal annealing. Here, an efficient room‐temperature conversion route of PbI2into the α‐FAPbI3perovskite phase without the use of cesium is demonstrated. Using in situ grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAXS) and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM‐D), the conversion behaviors of the PbI2precursor from its different states are compared. α‐FAPbI3forms spontaneously and efficiently at room temperature from P2(ordered solvated polymorphs with DMF) without hexagonal phase formation and leads to complete conversion after thermal annealing. The average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the fabricated solar cells is greatly improved from 16.0(±0.32)% (conversion from annealed PbI2) to 17.23(±0.28)% (from solvated PbI2) with a champion device PCE > 18% due to reduction of carrier recombination rate. This work provides new design rules toward the room‐temperature phase transformation and processing of hybrid perovskite films based on FA+cation without the need for Cs+or mixed halide formulation.
Spontaneous Alignment of Graphene Oxide in Hydrogel during 3D Printing for Multistimuli‐Responsive Actuation
Authors: Zhang Mingchao , Wang Yiliang , Jian Muqiang , Wang Chunya , Liang Xiaoping , Niu Jiali , Zhang Yingying
Published: January 2020

Natural materials are often compositionally and structurally heterogeneous for realizing particular functions. Inspired by nature, researchers have designed hybrid materials that possess properties beyond each of the components. Particularly, it remains a great challenge to realize site‐specific anisotropy, which widely exists in natural materials and is responsible for unique mechanical properties as well as physiological behaviors. Herein, the spontaneous formation of aligned graphene oxide (GO) flakes in sodium alginate (SA) matrix with locally controlled orientation via a direct‐ink‐writing printing process is reported. The GO flakes are spontaneously aligned in the SA matrix by shear force when being extruded and then arranged horizontally after drying on the substrate, forming a brick‐and‐mortar structure that could anisotropically contract or expand upon activation by heat, light, or water. By designing the printing pathways directed by finite element analysis, the orientation of GO flakes in the composite is locally controlled, which could further guide the composite to transform into versatile architectures. Particularly, the transformation is reversible when water vapor is applied as one of the stimuli. As a proof of concept, complex morphing architectures are experimentally demonstrated, which are in good consistency with the simulation results.
Passivating Surface Defects of n‐SnO2 Electron Transporting Layer by InP/ZnS Quantum Dots: Toward Efficient and Stable Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Peng Ruixiang , Yan Tingting , Chen Junwei , Yang Shangfeng , Ge Ziyi , Wang Mingtai
Published: January 2020

N‐type tin oxide (n‐SnO2) nanoparticle film has shown great potential as an electron transport layer (ETL) in fabricating highly efficient organic solar cells (OSCs) due to its low‐temperature preparation and high electrical conductivity. However, surface defects on the n‐SnO2 nanoparticles generated by the solution‐processed approach seriously limit the performance of the OSCs with n‐SnO2 ETL. InP/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) are employed to passivate the surface defects of n‐SnO2 ETL, and an inverted OSC using PM6:Y6 as active layer achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.22%, much higher than that of a device based on pure n‐SnO2 ETL (13.86%). The synergistic enhancement of the device open‐circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor (FF) is attributed to the improved morphologies of PM6:Y6 layer on the QDs/ETL, increased charge extraction and collection efficiency, and decreased monomolecular recombination caused by the defect‐trapped charge carriers in the solar cell. Moreover, the inverted device with n‐SnO2/InP/ZnS QDs ETL show a much higher stability than that of the conventional PEDOT:PSS based one. This work presents a promising QDs passivation strategy on n‐SnO2 ETL to develop efficient and stable OSCs.
Membrane‐Free Zn/MnO2 Flow Battery for Large‐Scale Energy Storage
Authors: Li Guodong , Chen Wei , Zhang Hao , Gong Yongji , Shi Feifei , Wang Jiangyan , Zhang Rufan , Chen Guangxu , Jin Yang , Wu Tong , Tang Zhiyong , Cui Yi
Published: January 2020

The traditional Zn/MnO2 battery has attracted great interest due to its low cost, high safety, high output voltage, and environmental friendliness. However, it remains a big challenge to achieve long‐term stability, mainly owing to the poor reversibility of the cathode reaction. Different from previous studies where the cathode redox reaction of MnO2/MnOOH is in solid state with limited reversibility, here a new aqueous rechargeable Zn/MnO2 flow battery is constructed with dissolution–precipitation reactions in both cathodes (Mn2+/MnO2) and anodes (Zn2+/Zn), which allow mixing of anolyte and catholyte into only one electrolyte and remove the requirement for an ion selective membrane for cost reduction. Impressively, this new battery exhibits a high discharge voltage of ≈1.78 V, good rate capability (10C discharge), and excellent cycling stability (1000 cycles without decay) at the areal capacity ranging from 0.5 to 2 mAh cm‐2. More importantly, this battery can be readily enlarged to a bench scale flow cell of 1.2 Ah with good capacity retention of 89.7% at the 500th cycle, displaying great potential for large‐scale energy storage.
Progress in the treatment of gastric cancer in Japan over the last 50 years
Authors: Sasako Mitsuru
Published: January 2020

There have been remarkable changes in gastric cancer treatments in Japan, resulting in superb improvement of prognosis in patients with this disease. In this paper, the last 50 years have been divided into three eras: before 1990; the 1990s; and the era of evidence, which means after 2000. Changes of treatments and prognosis were analyzed by several factors, such as surgery, chemotherapy, informed consent, clinical trials, and others, as improvement of prognosis is not due to one factor but several ones influencing each other.
Nuclear‐encoded sigma factor 6 (SIG6) is involved in the block of greening response in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Alameldin Hussien F. , Oh Sookyung , Hernandez Alexandra P. , Montgomery Beronda L.
Published: January 2020

Premise

Light is critical in the ability of plants to accumulate chlorophyll. When exposed to far‐red (FR) light and then grown in white light in the absence of sucrose, wild‐type seedlings fail to green in a response known as the FR block of greening (BOG). This response is controlled by phytochrome A through repression of protochlorophyllide reductase‐encoding (POR) genes by FR light coupled with irreversible plastid damage. Sigma (SIG) factors are nuclear‐encoded proteins that contribute to plant greening and plastid development through regulating gene transcription in chloroplasts and impacting retrograde signaling from the plastid to nucleus. SIGs are regulated by phytochromes, and the expression of some SIG factors is reduced in phytochrome mutant lines, including phyA. Given the association of phyA with the FR BOG and its regulation of SIG factors, we investigated the potential regulatory role of SIG factors in the FR BOG response.

Methods

We examined FR BOG responses in sig mutants, phytochrome‐deficient lines, and mutant lines for several phy‐associated factors. We quantified chlorophyll levels and examined expression of key BOG‐associated genes.

Results

Among six sig mutants, only the sig6 mutant significantly accumulated chlorophyll after FR BOG treatment, similar to the phyA mutant. SIG6 appears to control protochlorophyllide accumulation by contributing to the regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis associated with glutamyl‐tRNA reductase (HEMA1) function, select phytochrome‐interacting factor genes (PIF4 and PIF6), and PENTA1, which regulates PORA mRNA translation after FR exposure.

Conclusions

Regulation of SIG6 plays a significant role in plant responses to FR exposure during the BOG response.
The Importance of Quantifying Intangible Litigation Costs
Authors: Keet Michaela , Heavin Heather , Lande John
Published: January 2020

Members of the CPR Institute, which publishes this newsletter, know that intangible litigation costs—not just potential liability and legal expenses—are extremely important to clients. CPR's excellent Early Case Assessment Toolkit (available at http://bit.ly/35HSKQ1) provides a good list of intangible business concerns that lawyers and clients should consider in assessing cases.
Risk model for severe postoperative complications after total pancreatectomy based on a nationwide clinical database
Authors: Hashimoto D , Mizuma M , Kumamaru H , Miyata H , Chikamoto A , Igarashi H , Itoi T , Egawa S , Kodama Y , Satoi S , Hamada S , Mizumoto K , Yamaue H , Yamamoto M , Kakeji Y , Seto Y , Baba H , Unno M , Shimosegawa T , Okazaki K
Published: January 2020

Background

Total pancreatectomy is required to completely clear tumours that are locally advanced or located in the centre of the pancreas. However, reports describing clinical outcomes after total pancreatectomy are rare. The aim of this retrospective observational study was to assess clinical outcomes following total pancreatectomy using a nationwide registry and to create a risk model for severe postoperative complications.

Methods

Patients who underwent total pancreatectomy from 2013 to 2017, and who were recorded in the Japan Society of Gastroenterological Surgery and Japanese Society of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery database, were included. Severe complications at 30 days were defined as those with a Clavien–Dindo grade III needing reoperation, or grade IV–V. Occurrence of severe complications was modelled using data from patients treated from 2013 to 2016, and the accuracy of the model tested among patients from 2017 using c-statistics and a calibration plot.

Results

A total of 2167 patients undergoing total pancreatectomy were included. Postoperative 30-day and in-hospital mortality rates were 1·0 per cent (22 of 2167 patients) and 2·7 per cent (58 of 167) respectively, and severe complications developed in 6·0 per cent (131 of 2167). Factors showing a strong positive association with outcome in this risk model were the ASA performance status grade and combined arterial resection. In the test cohort, the c-statistic of the model was 0·70 (95 per cent c.i. 0·59 to 0·81).

Conclusion

The risk model may be used to predict severe complications after total pancreatectomy.
Compensatory neuromuscular junction adaptations of forelimb muscles in focal cortical ischemia in rats
Authors: Estrada‐Bonilla Yisel Carolina , Castro de Souza‐Tomé Paula Aiello , Faturi Fernanda María , Mendes‐Zambetta Rafaella , Lepesteur‐Gianlorenço Anna Carolyna , Croti Gabrielle , Jones Theresa A. , Russo Thiago Luiz
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Upper limb movements are affected frequently by brain ischemia (BI). Mechanisms involved in recovery and compensatory movements have developed several studies. However, less attention is given to skeletal muscles, where neuromuscular junction (NMJ) has an important role on muscle tropism and functional performance.

Methods

Animals were divided into two groups: control (C) and BI. Then, animals were skilled to perform single‐pellet retrieval task, following these procedures: habituation, shaping, and single‐pellet retrieval task. BI was induced using stereotaxic surgery in order to apply endothelin‐1 in motor cortex, representative of movements of dominant paw. Reaching task performance was evaluated by single‐pellet retrieval task 1 day before BI induction, 4 and 15 days after BI induction. After that, biceps, triceps, fingers flexor, and extensor muscles were extracted. NMJ was assessed in morphometric characteristics (total area, total perimeter, and feret). Muscle fiber cross‐sectional area and connective tissue percentage were also evaluated for characterization. Student's t test was used for comparisons between C and BI groups. Tau Kendall's correlation was applied among variables from BI group.

Results

An increase in all NMJ morphometric parameters, as well as increase of atrophy and fibrosis in BI group compared with C. There was a high level of direct correlation between mean values of NMJ morphometry with percentage of success in reaching task in BI group.

Conclusion

Brain ischemia‐induced NMJ compensatory expansion, muscle atrophy, and fibrosis in forelimb muscles that are related to reaching performance.
Uncommon presentation of a common disorder: Syncope with AVNRT in setting of a structural anomaly
Authors: Lee Paul Jae‐Hyuk , Varosy Paul , Sandhu Amneet
Published: January 2020

Syncope in setting of AV nodal re‐entrant tachycardia should prompt the clinician to perform further workup for comorbid conditions, including structural cardiac abnormalities. In complex cases, ICE may be helpful in delineating the anatomy to facilitate safe ablations.
Investigating Community Dynamics and Performance During Microbial Electrochemical Degradation of Whey
Authors: Esquivel Diana Y. Alvarez , Guo Yuting , Brown Robert K. , Müller Susann , Schröder Uwe , Harnisch Falk
Published: January 2020

Whey is a main by‐product of the dairy industry and is difficult to valorise for small and medium enterprises. Microbial electrochemical technologies could be the key for these enterprises to exploit this current waste product. Whey removal and conversion to electrical current was investigated at microbial anodes using potentiostatically controlled half‐cell experiments. The anodes were fed with a whey solution containing ca. 1 g L−1 COD. This can be reliably cleaned with average removal efficiencies of 65.8±10.9 %. The removal coincided with maximum current densities of 0.31±0.06 mA cm−2 and Coulomb efficiencies of 37.1±10.8 %. The anodes are based on a robust complex microbial community. This was established in bioelectrochemical reactors by end of four batch cycles showing an efficient niche differentiation from the following successive enrichments. The microbial analysis revealed a division of labour with mainly planktonic microorganisms degrading the complex whey components by fermentation to organic acids, part of which are subsequently used by the electroactive bacteria at the anode. The results show the need for deciphering microbial structure‐function relationships for future process steering as well as engineering approaches.
Boosting Microbial Fuel Cell Performance by Combining with an External Supercapacitor: An Electrochemical Study
Authors: Poli Federico , Seri Jacopo , Santoro Carlo , Soavi Francesca
Published: January 2020

Invited for this month's cover picture is the group of Dr. Francesca Soavi (Laboratory of Electrochemistry of Materials for Energetics, Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna). The cover picture shows a microbial fuel cell connected in parallel with a supercapacitor. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.201901876.
State and fault estimation for nonlinear recurrent neural network systems: Experimental testing on a three‐tank system
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxiao , Feng Xuexin , Mu Zonglei , Wang Youqing
Published: January 2020

An observer is presented for the simultaneous estimation of the system state and actuator and sensor faults of a discrete recurrent neural network (RNN) system. The presented approach enables disturbance attenuation and guarantees observer convergence. First, the discrete RNN is converted to a discrete linear parameter varying (LPV) model. Then, the LPV model is further transformed into a descriptor system by extending the system state and sensor fault. Next, an
H∞ observer is presented for the simultaneous estimation of the extended state and actuator fault of the descriptor system. Finally, the problem of observer design is translated into solving a linear matrix inequality. Experimental tests on a three‐tank system have validated the effectiveness and correctness of the presented method.
Can the New Welsh Curriculum achieve its purposes?
Authors: Gatley Jane
Published: January 2020

The New Welsh Curriculum sets itself apart from its predecessors through the use of explicit aims; these are the Four Purposes of the New Welsh Curriculum. At the same time, it sets out six Areas of Learning and Experience which incorporate traditional school subjects and emphasise the importance of providing a broad and balanced education. In this paper, I ask whether these two strands, the Four Purposes and the six Areas of Learning and Experience, can be united into a single coherent curriculum. I argue that if the curriculum is entirely driven by the Four Purposes, then much of the content associated with traditional school subjects in the Areas of Learning and Experience is redundant. On the contrary, if the Areas of Learning and Experience are prioritised, then the Four Purposes are unlikely to be met. In response, I propose that the content associated with Areas of Learning and Experience can be understood a prerequisite for meeting the Four Purposes, but the content is not sufficient on its own. This reconciles some of the tension between the two curriculum strands, but means that the Areas of Learning and Experience will need to be supplemented by additional activities in order for the New Welsh Curriculum to achieve its purposes.