bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Reformulation of Restitution Concept in Juvenile Cases (A Comparative Study with Philippines and Thailand)
Authors: Aryana I Wayan
Published: January 2021

The principles of international law mandate diversion as a model for solving juvenile cases. The diversion model as a resolution model in Indonesia, Philippines, and Thailand is rooted in the traditional culture and local wisdom of the people. Diversion agreement can take form of restitution. This study discusses three issues: (1) diversion in juvenile criminal justice system, (2) restitution in diversion, and (3) comparison of restitution in the Philippines and Thailand. This study employs normative legal approach, which examines the ambiguity of norms of restitution forms. Currently, restitution is interpreted merely as reimbursement for victim. This study collected primary and secondary legal materials collected through literature study. This study employed statutory, legal concept, and comparative law approaches. The focus was on the Philippines and Thailand contexts. The analysis was conducted qualitatively. Diversion is a specialty in the juvenile criminal justice system in which criminal cases committed by children are resolved by deliberation. The result of the diversion agreement can be in the form of restitution as agreed in the deliberation. The Law Number 11 of 2012 on the Juvenile Criminal Justice System recognizes form of restitution. The form is money. It is different from the Philippines and Thailand that formulating a form of restitution in the form of services provided by the perpetrator and/or his family to the victim and/or his family. This form of restitution is based on social realities in which the economic condition of the perpetrator’s family makes it impossible to pay restitution in the form of money. The restitution of work services can be a material for reformulation in the dimension of ius constituendum in Indonesia.
From Crime Control Model to Due Process Model: A Critical Study of Wiretapping Arrangement by the Corruption Eradication Commission of Indonesia
Authors: Christianto Hwian
Published: January 2021

This study compares three formal criminal laws on the corruption act to show the importance of due process model for wiretapping/lawful interception in Indonesia. Investigators of Indonesian Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) assume that the implementation of wiretapping based on the due process model decelerate the performance and independence of corruption eradication. The problem particularly happens on the execution of caught in the act operation. This study covers the design of wiretapping on corruption case linked with the due process model as an effort to guarantee the right of privacy. Firstly, legislators accentuated an effective corruption eradication, which highlights the implementation of the crime control model. Secondly, the latest amendment to the Law on Corruption Eradication Commission of Indonesia alters wiretapping to become a procedural activity for stronger synergy among the law enforcement institutions. The regulation of wiretapping as a method to reveal corruption case in Indonesia does not adhere to the due process model entirely. The wiretapping still tends to deal with stages of preliminary-investigation, investigation, prosecution, and the execution of internal approval process.
Lateral Maxillary Sinus Floor Elevation in presence of a sinus osteoma : A case report.
Authors: MLOUKA Mootaz , Tlili Mohamed , hamrouni ali meddeb , selmi raki , Khanfir Faten , Khalfi Mohamed Salah , Amor Faten Ben
Published: January 2021

Maxillary sinus grafting is a well-know procedure with high
predictability used to to correct vertical bone defects in the posterior
region of the maxilla.The presence of a sinus osteoma adds to its
difficulty and may recquire a more specific case management depending on
the lesion’s extent.
An Enlarging Neck Mass with Dyspnea and Left Finger Pain in a 63-year-old Woman
Authors: Hoang Thanh , Snitchler Andrea , Shakir Mohamed
Published: January 2021

We described an atypical presentation of papillary thyroid cancer
metastasized to left finger. This case highlights the importance of an
early and effective engagement of multidisciplinary team approach with
family in order to optimize patient care.
Doege-Potter Syndrome In A Facial Solitary Fibrous Tumor: Diagnose And Clinical Management Discussion
Authors: Fort-Culillas Roser , Barahona Rebeca , Garcia-Fructuoso Isabel , Quera Angels , Grau Armand , Puigdemont Montserrat , Rubió-Casadevall Jordi , Recasens Monica , Porta Rut
Published: January 2021

Doege Potter syndrome is a rare paraneoplastic clinical entity. A
31-year-old woman consulted with a right indurated malar mass and
hypoglycemia. Blood test showed a non-insulin-mediated hypoglycemia. CT
scan revealed a solid tumor from the right temporal region with liver
metastasis. The histopathological diagnosis revealed a solitary fibrous
tumor.
Clinical and genetic analysis of multi-system pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 caused by a novel splice site mutation of the beta subunit gene of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC)
Authors: Hu Sicui , yang hongxiu , Li cheng , jiang qiannan , qiao lingyan , hu conghui , Li Tang
Published: January 2021

This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the clinical
features and genetics basis of multi-system pseudohypoaldosteronism type
1 caused by SCNN1B gene mutations.
Approaches and Awareness of Family Physicians on Diabetes Management during Ramadan
Authors: YILMAZ TARIK , BASARA EKREM , YILMAZ TUĞBA , KASIM İSMAİL , ÖZKARA ADEM
Published: January 2021

Aim: This study aimed to determine the approaches of family physicians
in Turkey on the fasting of diabetic patients and whether they use
international treatment guidelines when making recommendations. In
addition, this study aimed to increase the awareness of family
physicians on this issue before Ramadan, which is the fasting month.
Material and Method: The study herein comprised cross-sectional
observational research. Before Ramadan 2018, a structured questionnaire
form, which was unique to this study, was prepared by considering the
guidelines of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the
American Diabetes Association (ADA), through platforms where family
physicians gathered via social media and mail groups, and sent to the
family physicians in Turkey via a link created using an electronic
questionnaire preparation and application program. Moreover, the total
knowledge level, attitude, and approach score were calculated through
the questions prepared from the relevant guidelines. Results:
Participating in the survey were 262 family physicians. Only 22% of
family physicians said that they were aware that there were
international guidelines for Ramadan and diabetes management, and only
10% said that they had read the relevant guidelines. The mean knowledge
level, attitude, and approach scores were found to be lower than
expected, and a significant difference was found between their scores
and their academic titles. Conclusion: The lack of knowledge of
international guidelines on the subject and lack of knowledge and
experience about diabetes mellitus patient management in the fasting
month stood out as the biggest problems. This study revealed that the
awareness and competence of family physicians in disease management
should be increased in addition to fasting before, during, and after
Ramadan in diabetic patients.
Open Rhinoplasty
Authors: Xu Ginger , Hwang Paul , Seyidova Nargiz , Lin Samuel J.
Published: January 2021

Rhinoplasty is often considered the black box of plastic surgery. This apprehension can be overcome by having a fine-tuned understanding of nasal anatomy, developing an appreciation for nasal aesthetics, and becoming well-versed in the array of surgical techniques available to address specific cosmetic and functional concerns. Technical care and finesse are required in this type of surgery, where even 1 mm of change can result in a profound difference. Nasal function must also be assessed and preserved during rhinoplasty. Aside from these technical points, it is equally important to accurately and thoroughly understand each patient’s goals and to communicate the realistic outcomes and limitations of what can be done through surgery.  
Key words: open rhinoplasty, nasal anatomy, nasofacial analysis, rhinoplasty techniques, rhinoplasty preoperative evaluation, rhinoplasty postoperative management, lateral nasal osteotomies, nasal tip grafts, nasal tip suture techniques
This review contains 23 figures, 2 tables, and 43 references.
Women’s Health: Treating Survivors of Sexual Assault
Authors: Schindler Elizabeth , Cowan Allison
Published: January 2021

Almost half of all women and almost a quarter of all men in the United States have experienced sexual violence in their lifetime. Treating individuals who have survived sexual assault can pose challenges for psychiatric and medical treatment. The rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are higher with sexual assault, and people with sexual trauma often feel stigmatized and have difficulty presenting for care. This chapter reviews epidemiology and neurobiology of sexual assault as well as the physical and psychological sequelae of sexual assault. Here, the authors review and propose practical treatment recommendations to assist in the treatment of individuals with a history of sexual assault.

This review 5 figures, 5 tables, and 53 references.
Key Words: posttraumatic stress disorder, rape recovery, sexual assault, treatment recommendations, women’s mental health, rape survivor treatment, rape
Diagnosis and Management of Genitourinary Rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Abdelhalim Ahmed , Wang Zhan Tao (Peter) , Nael Ali , Khoury Antoine E
Published: January 2021

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children. Genitourinary RMS accounts for 15 to 25% of all RMSs and is a heterogeneous group of soft tissue tumors that vary in presentation, distribution, and prognosis. This article reviews the pathophysiology and tumor biology of RMS. It will also describe the initial approach to its diagnosis and current tumor surveillance protocols. Furthermore, this article presents the evidence behind a number of different staging and risk stratification systems currently used to guide treatment. Lastly, this article reviews future developments of investigational studies and risk stratification under investigation by a number of large international collaborative study groups.
This review contains 17 figures, 7 tables, and 68 references.
Keywords:  Rhabdomyosarcoma, genitourinary, staging, diagnosis, paratesticular, bladder, prostate, RMS
Genetic Composition and Autoantibody Titers Model the Probability of Detecting C-Peptide Following Type 1 Diabetes Diagnosis
Authors: Williams MacKenzie D. , Bacher Rhonda , Perry Daniel J. , Grace C. Ramsey , McGrail Kieran M. , Posgai Amanda L. , Muir Andrew , Chamala Srikar , Haller Michael J. , Schatz Desmond A. , Brusko Todd M. , Atkinson Mark A. , Wasserfall Clive H.
Published: January 2021

We and others
previously demonstrated that a type 1 diabetes genetic risk score (GRS) improves
the ability to predict disease progression and onset in at-risk subjects with
islet autoantibodies. Here, we hypothesized that GRS and islet autoantibodies,
combined with age at onset and disease duration, could serve as markers of
residual β-cell function following type 1 diabetes diagnosis. Generalized
estimating equations were used to investigate whether GRS along with insulinoma-associated
protein-2 autoantibody (IA-2A), zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8A) and GAD
autoantibody (GADA) titers were predictive of C-peptide detection in a largely
cross-sectional cohort of 401 subjects with type 1 diabetes (duration median = 4.5
years, range 0-60). Indeed, a combined model incorporating disease duration,
age at onset, GRS, and titers of IA-2A, ZnT8A and GADA provided superior
capacity to predict C-peptide detection (QIC=334.6) compared with disease
duration, age at onset, and GRS as the sole parameters (QIC=359.2). These
findings support the need for longitudinal validation of our combinatorial
model. The ability to project the rate and extent of decline in residual C-peptide
production for individuals with type 1 diabetes could critically inform enrollment
and benchmarking for clinical trials seeking to preserve or restore endogenous
β-cell function.
Social inclusion in University Education in The Latin America
Authors: Garcia Vacacela Roberto Carlos
Published: January 2021

This article analyzes the scope of inequality and ethnic division in the Spanish-speaking nations in the America. The influence of disparity in the region through shared rights by the Afro-Latin and indigenous groups have been experienced in Universities in for an extended period. One of the first consequence of non-inclusion has seen all disadvantaged groups being cut off from accessing university education. Communal rights are adjudicated on specific ethnic groups. The governments have progressively played a significant role to ensure that their economic goals are given power through empowering of the youths by training. The postgraduate education has given the region incredible hope of a brighter future. They argue that that social recognition in the society will come through success in collective rights. The era is of multicultural political prowess, and ethnic discrimination will lead only to political mobilization. Postgraduate and Doctorate Education has created political analysts that have been identifying disconnections in the political process that built inclusion. Their role has been un-seemingly valuable in the development of non-discrimination laws.
Depresión y Sociedad. Más allá de sus expresiones neuropsicosomáticas en el contexto cubano
Authors: Gomez Vasallo Clarisbel
Published: January 2021

La reflexión que en este espacio se presenta, forma parte de los primeros desarrollos del proyecto doctoral de la autora. En estas líneas, se intenta acercar el lente de la Sociología hacia  una de las más prevalentes patologías mentales de nuestro tiempo: la Depresión. Tras intentar primeramente llamar la atención sobre las estadísticas que fundamentan la problemática, se presentan algunas ideas que argumentan el por qué ha de ser la misma, una preocupación para el pensamiento social, a partir de entender que dicha patología es más que una enfermedad en su sentido clínico, deviniendo fenómeno social. Por último, se tejen  sintéticas ideas sobre la necesidad de tomar en cuenta el estado actual de esta problemática en Cuba para el proceso que apuesta por la actualización del modelo de desarrollo económico y social en el país.
Análisis de indicadores para el desarrollo adecuado de cursos virtuales en la plataforma Moodle
Authors: Peña Cruz Yamile , De la Peña Consuegra Geilert
Published: January 2021

Las plataformas educativas o entornos virtuales de enseñanza-aprendizaje, forman parte de la realidad tecnológica donde se desarrollan significativos procesos formativos, con ayuda de internet en mayor o menor medida, y que actúa como herramienta de aprendizaje en el ámbito educativo actual. La importancia es tangiblemente importante para estar en correspondencia con las tendencias que en la actualidad la Educación Superior posee, sobre todo para garantizar, estructurar y desarrollar cursos virtuales completos en la web, sin necesidad de poseer conocimientos profundos de informática. Cursos virtuales que pueden ser desarrollados por las diversas modalidades y tendencias de aprendizaje existentes de acuerdo con las condicionantes y posibilidades que lo permita, ya sea en el electronic-learning, blended-learning o movil-learning.Sin embargo, se requiere lograr aspectos, elementos o indicadores que establezcan requerimientos mínimos indispensables que promuevan una homogenización de dichos cursos y por ende, criterios de calidad para su montaje y usabilidad óptima.Se ofrecen en este sentido, apuntes acerca de criterios establecidos sobre determinados indicadores que funcionan como garantes de calidad para la aprobación del montaje y funcionamiento de los cursos virtuales, tanto de pregrado como de posgrado en la plataforma Moodle de la Universidad de La Habana.
Estudio diagnóstico sobre virtualización de la evaluación en la asignatura Farmacología
Authors: Aguiar Brumell Omar , Velázquez René Manuel , Pérez Jorge Luis , De la Peña Geilert
Published: January 2021

El trabajo presentado refiere un estudio sobre el comportamiento de la virtualización de la evaluación en la asignatura de Farmacología en la carrera de Medicina en la Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil. En un primer momento se refiere el contenido del diseño estratégico metodológico del tema objeto de esta investigación. Los resultados se complementan a partir de la recopilación, procesamiento y sistematización de la información obtenida, mediante la aplicación de métodos teóricos y empíricos, adecuadamente elegidos en función de los resultados esperados. El diagnóstico se enriqueció mediante las interpretaciones, ideas y valoraciones realizadas por profesionales, expertos y directivos universitarios con los que se compartió diferentes instrumentos de valor científico, y cuyos resultados fueron contrastados mediante un procedimiento de triangulación.
Effect of economic growth on employment in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Authors: Ndung’u Francis Kamau , Xiongying Professor Niu
Published: January 2021

The study aimed at investigating the effect of economic growth on employment in Sub-Saharan African. The study employed secondary data that was sourced from the World Bank, World development indicators and FAOSTAT covering 30 Sub Saharan African Countries for the period 1990 to 2015. The study employed the traditional neo-classical aggregate production function in its estimation of the regression results. The panel data obtained was analysed using the STATA software program. Hausman test was used and it determined that fixed effects estimation was preferred to random effects estimation and therefore fixed effects regression was used during the analysis. Empirical results on effect of economic growth on employment established that total employment, women in employment and men in employment statistically and significantly influenced economic growth and on the other hand economic sectors which comprised of domestic capital, imports, exports and services sectors statistically and significantly influenced economic growth.
Effect of economic sectors on employment in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Authors: NDUNGU KAMAU
Published: January 2021

The motif of this study was to determine the effect of economic sectors on employment in Sub-Saharan Africa, given that the Sub-Saharan African region had had about two decades of sustained economic growth. Thirty Sub-Saharan African countries were used in this study, their data that was obtained and used spanning from the year 1990 to the year 2015. The study made use of the traditional neo-classical aggregate production function in the estimation of the regression results. The software program that was used in data analysis was STATA. Hausman test was undertaken and it determined that fixed effects estimations were preferred to random effect and as a result fixed effects were utilized in the study in carrying out regression analysis. On effect of economic sectors on employment, foreign direct investment was found to negatively influence employment though the influence was not statistically significant. The export and agriculture variables negatively and statistically significantly influenced employment. All the other variables in the study were found to positively and statistically significantly influence employment. Empirical results established that the gender gap in employment was maintained in the whole period of the study with more men being employed than women.
Esophageal stenting for unresectable cancer (review of literature)
Authors: Popova N. S. , Avanesyan A. A. , Miroshnikov B. I. , Moiseenko V. M.
Published: January 2021

To date, the main way to stop dysphagia for patients with unresectable esophageal cancer is stenting. Being widely accepted and effective, this technique, however, allows for oral nutrition only for an average of 3–4 months and is accompanied by the development of a wide range of complications. Recent Russian and foreign publications in the field show that evaluation of the effectiveness of the stenting technique, including analysis of possibility of complications development, is important for practical application. To improve long-term outcomes, the potential trends in the method evolution have already been identified. The stents coated with radioactive isotopes of iodine are among of the actively used novelties. Application of 3D printing for the manufacture of custom-tailored stents, as well as the inclusion of chemotherapeutic agents in the coating of self-expanding metal stents seem promising approach. The search for a «perfect stent» continues under paradigm of personalization.
The value of estimating the variability of celiac mesenteric pool in the surgical treatment of gastric cancer (review of literature)
Authors: Zaharenko A. A. , Vovin K. N. , Svechkova A. A. , Belyaev M. A. , Khamid A. K.
Published: January 2021

Currently, the timely diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer is one of the most actual problems of both abdominal surgery and oncology. Despite the decline in the incidence of stomach cancer remains one of the leading causes of death in many countries. The necessary stage of radical surgical treatment based on the typical representation of angioarchitectonics of the celiacomesenteric pool is lymph node dissection D2. The need for precision skeletal arterial trunks in the surgical treatment of gastric cancer in order to achieve radical surgery carries significant surgical risks. Vascular anatomy of the upper floor of the abdominal cavity is variable. After analyzing the information from different sources, the value of variability of celiacomesenteric pool in the surgical treatment of gastric cancer was estimated.
Experimental application of tissue engineered constructions for urethroplasty
Authors: Gorelova A. A. , Muraviov A. N. , Vinogradova T. I. , Gorelov A. I. , Yudintceva N. M. , Nashchekina Yu. A. , Samusenko I. A. , Yablonsky P. K.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. For diseases such as stricture and obliteration of the urethra, urethral hypospadias, reconstructive operations are required. The buccal mucosa is the material most commonly used for these operations. The search for alternative materials, carried out in order to reduce trauma and complications in the donor area, is an urgent area of modern urology. Tissue engineered constructions (TEC) can be used as such material.

Objective. Justification of the possibility of applying a TEC based on the biodegradable polymers and seeded with autologous buccal epithelium (BE) cells as an implantable material for urethroplasty in an experiment.

Methods and Materials. TEC based on poly-L-lactide-caprolactone (PLC) and poly-L-lactide-glycolide (PLG) seeded with BCs was created. Rabbits (n=12) underwent a biopsy of the oral mucosa, BCs were isolated, cultured and PLC-PLG scaffold was seeded with cells. TECs seeded with autological BCs were used on the model of acute trauma of rabbit urethra for replacement urethroplasty.

Results. The results were evaluated after 12 weeks, according to the histological examination, there was a repair of the urethral mucosa. According to the data of retrograde urethrography, no impaired urethra patency was detected.

Conclusion. TEC (PLK-PLG) seeded with autologous BCs ensured the maintenance of the rabbit urethral lumen which is necessary for adequate urination. This TEC could be recommended for the further clinical studies.
Endoscopic treatment for persistent dysphagia after heller myotomy in a patient with spastic type of achalasia with the use of the intraoperative high-resolution manometry
Authors: Smirnov A. A. , Konkina N. V. , Kiriltseva M. M. , Lyubchenko M. E. , Davletbaeva L. I. , Vasilevskiy D. I. , Korolkov A. Yu.
Published: January 2021

A Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy was performed on the patient with the persistent dysphagia despite preceding Heller myotomy combined with partial fundoplication, relaparotomy, fundoplication wrap reconstruction, gastrostomy and left-sided thoracoscopy with the drainage of the thoracic abscess. The use of intraoperative High-Resolution Manometry during Endoscopic Peroral Myotomy helped to reveal the reasons for the failure of previous treatment and to address the dysphagia.
Commentary to article Il’ya I. Dzidzava et al. «Treatment of massive pulmonary embolism with systemic thrombolysis in the nearest postoperative period»
Authors: Granov D. A.
Published: January 2021

.
Academician Alexander Nikolaevich Bakulev (1890–1967) (on the 130th anniversary of the birthday)
Authors: Kurygin A. A. , Tarbaev I. S. , Semenov V. V.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences A. N. Bakulev-the founder of cardiovascular surgery in the USSR and the first director of the Research Institute of thoracic surgery (since 1961, cardiovascular surgery), who made a significant contribution to the development of issue of stomach and esophageal cancer, x-ray contrast diagnostics and puncture treatment of brain abscesses, ways of treatment of bullet wounds of the skull, spine, brain.
Malignant tumors of the digestive system during pregnancy: problems of timely diagnosis
Authors: Ralnikova A. Yu. , Bezhenar V. F. , Arakelyan B. V. , Tatarova N. A. , Kitaeva M. A. , Bagnenko S. F.
Published: January 2021

Currently, the age of primiparous women is increasing, but the risk of cancer, which is sometimes found during gestation, is also increasing. This article discusses the problems of diagnosis and treatment of cancer during pregnancy, which occurs under the guise of gestational complications. Two cases of malignant neoplasms first discovered during pregnancy are described. The first observation illustrates cholangiocarcinoma in a 37-year-old multiparous, and the second is a case of colorectal cancer in a 40-year-old primiparous. The timely identification of such women is an important challenge of the outpatient, which in the future can help maintain the quality of life of the mother and child.
Recurrent small bowel obstruction in a 30-year-old patient with Ladd’s syndrome
Authors: Grigoryev E. G. , Dehnich V. M. , Inozemtsev E. O.
Published: January 2021

We report the case of treatment of a 30-year-old woman with an impaired passage in the duodenojejunal segment of the gastrointestinal tract due to Ladd’s syndrome. Occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery was developed as a result of incomplete rotation of midgut in dysembryogenesis. Mesenteric blood circulation was compensated by collaterals formed in the antenatal period. Ladd’s operation was performed to treat acute intestinal failure, the duodenojejunal passage was restored. The patient was discharged on the 11th postoperative day in a good condition with the main diagnosis «Ladd’s syndrome». In the presented case report, the impaired passage in the gastrointestinal tract in the middle age patient was traced from childhood. Detailed examination of medical history, correct interpretation of MSCT findings allowed to form an accurate diagnosis and perform effective surgical treatment.
Diagnostic features and successful treatment of perianal Bowen’s disease
Authors: Tsitskarava A. Z. , Demin A. N. , Korolkov A. Yu. , Lazarev S. M.
Published: January 2021

Bowen’s disease is the oncological process, which is rarely found in coloproctologist practice. Early verified diagnosis is ensured of possibility of full checkup and differential diagnostic. Surgery is radical and effective treatment of a perianal skin cancer. We report about the clinical case that describes successful treatment of perianal Bowen’s disease.
Devenir emprendedora. Anversos y reversos de las experiencias de emprendimiento y trabajo de cuidados en mujeres de Valparaíso.
Authors: Utreras Tapia Mirla
Published: January 2021

Progresivamente el emprendimiento ha adquirido cada vez mayor relevancia como estrategia para la superación de la pobreza de las mujeres. No obstante, en términos comparativos, las experiencias de emprendimiento de las mujeres se caracterizan por desigualdades de género respecto de las experiencias de emprendimiento de los hombres, las cuales se relacionan con la desigual distribución del trabajo de cuidados entre ellos/as. En virtud de la relevancia que las emprendedoras brindan al trabajo de cuidados, la presente investigación, realizada en el marco del proceso de titulación de un magíster de género (2018-2019), tiene por finalidad indagar en dichas experiencias, y su relación con sus emprendimientos, a través de la perspectiva de la economía feminista. Para ello, se utiliza un enfoque metodológico cualitativo y como técnica de recolección de datos entrevistas semi-estructuradas a emprendedoras participantes de un programa de gobierno, ejecutado por una ONG de la ciudad de Valparaíso (Chile). Entre los principales resultados del estudio cabe destacar el énfasis en la sostenibilidad de vida por parte de las emprendedoras, fisurando con ello el mandato del empresario de sí.

--

Entrepreneurship has progressively acquired greater relevance as a strategy for overcoming women's poverty. However, in comparative terms, women's entrepreneurial experiences are characterized by gender inequalities with respect to men's entrepreneurial experiences, which are related to the unequal distribution of care work among them. In view of the relevance that women entrepreneurs give to care work, this research aims to investigate these experiences, in relation to their entrepreneurship, through the perspective of the feminist economy. To this end, a qualitative methodological approach is used, as well as semi-structured interviews with women entrepreneurs participating in a government program, executed by an NGO in the city of Valparaiso (Chile), as a data collection technique. Among the main results of the study is the emphasis on life sustainability by the entrepreneurs, thus cracking the mandate of the entrepreneur himself.
Mujeres adultas mayores. Una visión desde la subjetividad de las protagonistas en relación a su sentido de vida y el sentimiento de soledad
Authors: Ramos Álvarez Denisse
Published: January 2021

El propósito de esta investigación fue caracterizar las vivencias en torno al sentido de vida que construyen las mujeres adultas mayores con sentimientos de soledad. Mediante una metodología cualitativa, las narrativas resultantes fueron examinadas bajo las cuatro Motivaciones Fundamentales del Análisis Existencial de Alfried Längle. Éstas develaron una pérdida de relación con la vida y una falta de conexión al mundo. Los hallazgos muestran una dolorosa pérdida en la calidad de las relaciones afectivas con su entorno más inmediato, donde no se sienten reconocidas ni apreciadas. Aun cuando se observa un débil sentido de vida, estas mujeres luchan por encontrar un para qué vivir.

--

The purpose of this work is to characterize the experiences related to the meaning of life that elderly women with feelings of loneliness build. Through qualitative methodology, the narratives were examined under the four Fundamental Motivations of Existential Analysis by Alfried Längle, which revealed a loss of meaning of life and a lack of connection with the world. Findings show a great pain due the loss in the quality of affective relationships with their immediate surroundings, where they do not teel recognized or appreciated. Even when a weak meaning of life is observed, these women struggle to find a reason to live.
Características Psicométricas de la Escala Existencial Adaptada para Medir Solamente la Sub-escala del Autodistanciamiento
Authors: Oliveira Medrado Suzaneide
Published: January 2021

La capacidad noética espiritual del autodistanciamiento permite al ser humano ejercitar la libertad y autenticidad en su vida. Por medio de la toma de distancia de las situaciones y de sí mismo el hombre puede dar respuestas más coherentes con sus propios valores, intereses, creencias, sin dejarse someter por lo que le pasa. La Escala Existencial es un instrumento que mide capacidades espirituales, sin embargo, se llevó a cabo una investigación para validación de la Escala Existencial Adaptada para medir solamente el autodistanciamiento. En este sentido, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo presentar las características psicométricas de la prueba de validación de la Sub-escala del Autodistanciamiento. Se hizo una investigación descriptiva, cuantitativa, donde fueron realizadas pruebas de estadística descriptiva, de fiabilidad, análisis factorial, pruebas de KMO y Bartlett con significación de p<0,00. La muestra estuvo conformada por 267 personas de Santaluz de Bahia-Brasil. Los resultados presentaron excelentes características psicométricas de la Escala Existencial adaptada, atestando que este es un instrumento válido para medir lo que propone, el autodistanciamiento.

--

The noetic spiritual ability of self-distancing allows human beings to exercise freedom and authenticity in their life. By means of taking distance from situations and the same man can give more consistent answers with his own values, interests, complacencies, without leaving anything behind. The Existential Scale is an instrument that measures spiritual capacities, but an investigation has been carried out to validate the Existential Scale adapted to measure self-distinction alone. In this sense, the present article aims to present the psychometric characteristics of the validation of the Self-distancing Subscale. A descriptive, quantitative investigation was carried out, from which descriptive statistics, reliability, factorial analysis, KMO and Bartlett problems with p <0.00 significance were carried out. The sample was made up of 267 people from Santaluz de Bahia-Brazil. The results showed excellent psychometric characteristics of the adapted Existential Scale, attesting that this is a valid instrument for measuring what it proposes, the self-distancing.
Estudiar Online en Contexto de Pandemia Covid-19
Authors: Díaz Cánepa Carlos , Albornoz Paz , Errázuriz Miguel , Flores Mayiris , Lagos Alejandra , Martínez Camila , Ortiz Maurizio , Vilches Vicente , Zamora Kevin
Published: January 2021

La pandemia por Covid-19 ha provocado un fuerte impacto en los hábitos, rutinas, desplazamientos, modos de relacionarse presentes en la actividad de estudio. Se analiza desde la perspectiva de la Teoría Histórico Cultural de la Actividad (THCA), las experiencias vividas por estudiantes de la educación superior en Chile, y se discute sobre la incidencia relativa de factores estructurales y procesuales asociados, con especial énfasis en el desarrollo de estrategias de autoregulación, y el rol de mediadores en el enfrentamiento de las exigencias académicas y temporales.

--

The purpose of this work is to characterize the experiences related to the meaning of life that elderly women with feelings of loneliness build. Through qualitative methodology, the narratives were examined under the four Fundamental Motivations of Existential Analysis by Alfried Längle, which revealed a loss of meaning of life and a lack of connection with the world. Findings show a great pain due the loss in the quality of affective relationships with their immediate surroundings, where they do not teel recognized or appreciated. Even when a weak meaning of life is observed, these women struggle to find a reason to live.
Pero aún así: Fetichismo y renegación en la teoría de la ideología de Slavoj Žižek
Authors: Jiménez-Molina Álvaro
Published: January 2021

La tríada distorsión, legitimación y crítica de la realidad social se encuentra en el centro de los debates teóricos en torno a la ideología. Este artículo describe, en primer lugar, el modo en que Slavoj Žižek redefine el concepto marxista de “fetichismo de la mercancía” siguiendo el modelo de la teoría psicoanalítica del fetichismo. Se aborda luego cómo el mecanismo freudiano de la “renegación” (Verleugnung), así como los conceptos de creencia y fantasía, permiten a Žižek resolver algunos dilemas que supone la idea de distorsión ideológica. De este modo, se discute en qué sentido Žižek ofrece una alternativa a los modelos tradicionales de la legitimación en sociología y psicología social, subrayando el funcionamiento cotidiano de la ideología. Finalmente, a partir de una reflexión en torno a las articulaciones entre renegación, creencia e inconsciente, se discuten una serie de malentendidos conceptuales que supone la teoría de la ideología en Žižek.

--

The triad of distortion, legitimisation and critique of social reality is at the heart of theoretical debates about ideology. This article first describes how Slavoj Žižek redefines the Marxist concept of “commodity fetishism” on the model of the psychoanalytical theory of fetishism. The article then discusses how the Freudian mechanism of “disavowal” (Verleugnung), as well as the concepts of belief and fantasy, allow Žižek to solve some dilemmas that the idea of ideological distortion entails. In this way, it is discussed in what sense Žižek offers an alternative to the traditional models of legitimization in sociology and social psychology, emphasizing the everyday functioning of ideology. Finally, based on a reflection on the articulations between disavowal, belief and the unconscious, a series of conceptual misunderstandings are discussed that Žižek’s theory of ideology involves.
Narrative Functions of Ecology in The Novel Aroma Karsa by Dee Lestari
Authors: Ali Ahmad Jum’a Khatib Nur , Astuti Retno Budi
Published: January 2021

Nature and Literature have a related meaning relationship. Ecological aspects paradigmatically can have a role in telling the story of literary works. This study aims to determine the narrative functions of ecology in the novel Aroma Karsa. The method of this study is a narrative analysis with a literary ecology approach in the ontological, epistemological and axiological scope focusing on the characters’ narrative functions. The data are obtained through the documentation process, which is in-depth reading; with the aim of identifying, classifying and categorizing the story based on the concept of the narrative function by Vladimir Propp. The results of the study identify four characters who ontologically have a strong relation to the ecological aspects of the story, namely; Sangyang Batari Karsa/Puspa Karsa, Jati Wesi/Randu, Tanaya Suma/Malini, and Raras Prayugung. Epistemologically, it is known that Aroma Karsa (1) builds perception of the cultural environment and ideal environmental criteria, and (2) enriches the ecological knowledge of the readers. Axiologically, Aroma Karsa mutually reveals the symbolic relationship of nature with the readers’ cultural receptions related to myths, medications, fragrances, gender and cleanliness. There are 5 spheres of action (villain, hero, helper, false hero, princess) out of 7 with 24 supporting functions on 4 identified characters. The mechanism of narrative function uses special personage in the form of character condensation to convey the premise of the story. The mechanism of the narrative function is centered on Puspa Karsa who becomes the symbol of ecocentric narrative in the novel Aroma Karsa.
The Multifunctionality of a Morpheme Proposes its Morphosyntactic Features and their Specifications: Feature Matrix
Authors: Al Zahrani Mohammad Ali
Published: January 2021

Multifunctionality is a cross linguistic phenomenon. It refers to the linguistic capability of a linguistic form to manifest itself in different syntactic structures that result in different syntactic functions. Treating multifunctionality from a generative perspective, the paper focuses on the different functions of the Hijazi Arabic (HA) maa and contributes to the HA literature by describing these different functions and claiming that they are not instances of homonymy, but of multifunctionality. Those different functions are governed by the different syntactic environments that maa occurs in. Its occurrence in multiple syntactic environments suggests that maa has a feature matrix that includes its morphosyntactic features and their specifications that express the appropriate use and interpretation of a given structure. The findings show that maa may function as a negative particle, emphatic particle, relative pronoun, infinitival particle, conditional particle, interrogative particle, exclamative particle and a particle of inclusion. These uses differ in their syntactic flexibility and rigidity (restrictedness). Although more than one function can incorporate to express multiple senses, the salient point about the different functions of maa is that there is no semantic or syntactic ambiguity between its functions.
The Difference between Standard American English Pronunciation and the Interlanguage of English Department Students of the Class of 2015 at Andalas University
Authors: Putri Rinjani Kusuma , Datuk Zulfakhri Dt. Majo
Published: January 2021

This study discusses (1) the differences between the students’ interlanguage and standard American English pronunciation, and (2) the patterns of phonetic shift from the Standard American English into the students’ Interlanguage Pronunciation. The participants of this research were English Department students, the year of 2015, at Andalas University and were selected by using stratified random sampling with academic achievement as the criteria in choosing the sample. The data were collected by using picture description task and analyzed by using Markedness Differential Hypothesis (MDH) by Eckman (1977) where the markedness relation among the sounds were found by using Markedness Hierarchy by Lombardi (1995, 1998). The result of the analysis showed that the most frequent errors that the participants made were the pronunciation of [ð], [θ], and [v] where the participants replaced  [ð] with [d],[θ] with [t], and [v] with [f]. The difficulties of the participants were mostly in line with Eckman’s MDH.
Indonesian Jokes on Tailgates and Posters in English
Authors: Diva Angelina , Bram Barli
Published: January 2021

This paper investigated jokes written on tailgates and posters in English in an Indonesian context to identify and understand the different variations of the joke meanings as non-verbal communication. Data, consisting of jokes on tailgates and posters, were collected online and examined phonologically and pragmatically using a document analysis. The data were analyzed in order to identify, categorize and classify the words and phonics and then interpret the meanings. Results showed that three jokes written on tailgates and two jokes written on posters contained funny or amusing aspects due to phonological and pragmatic factors, as in “She Book Carry Do It” which means “Sibuk Cari Duit” in Indonesian and “Busy to find money” in English.
PENGARUH PENANGANAN KOMPLAIN TERHADAP KEPUASAN TERTANGGUNG PADA PT. ASURANSI MULTI ARTHA GUNA, TBK SURABAYA
Authors: Listyawati Liling , Sari Anik Nurpuspita
Published: January 2021

Keberadaan asuransi bukanlah menghilangkan suatu risiko, melainkan memberikan bantuan untuk mengurangi risiko kepada pihak tertanggung yang mengalami kerugian akibat risiko. Komplain atau keluhan tertanggung bagi perusahaan asuransi akan dijadikan bentuk evalulasi diri dari kinerja yang telah dilakukan oleh perusahaan. Dengan adanya komplain atau keluhan tertanggung perusahaan asuransi dapat mengetahui kelemahan yang ada pada perusahaan dan memperbaiki kelemahan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh secara simultan, parsial dan dominan antara penanganan komplain yang terdiri dari keadilan prosedural, keadilan interaksional dan keadilan distributif terhadap kepuasan tertanggung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode asosiasif dengan  pendekatan kuantitatif. Utuk pegumpulan datanya dilakukan dengan cara wawancara, kuesioner dan dokumentasi. Yang menjadi populasi dalam penelitian in adalah semua tertanggung yang pernah membeli produk atau jasa jasa asuransi di PT. Asuransi Multi Artha Guna, tbk Surabaya pada tahun 2018 yang berjumlah 1.105 tertanggung dengan karakteristik Tertanggung yang pernah melakukan transaksi asuransi lebih dari dua tahun dan telah berusia diatas 17 tahun. Dengan menggunakan rumus Slovin maka di ketahui jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 92 responden. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penanganan komplain yang terdiri dari keadilan prosedural, keadilan interaksional dan keadilan distributif dapat memberikan pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan tertanggung. Hal ini ditunjukan dari hasil koefisien Determinan bahwa penanganan komplain yang terdiri dari keadilan prosedural, keadilan interaksional dan keadilan dsitributif sebesar 71%  terhadap kepuasan tertanggung dan 29% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain. Hasil penelitian ini dapat memberikan masukan atau informasi kepada perusahaan bahwa dengan memperhatikan komplain tertanggung yang terdapat pada asuransi tersebut akan berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan tertanggung
The Search Patterns of Abdominal Imaging Subspecialists for Abdominal Computed Tomography: Toward a Foundational Pattern for New Radiology Residents
Authors: Kliewer Mark A. , Hartung Michael , Green C. Shawn
Published: January 2021

Objectives:

The routine search patterns used by subspecialty abdominal imaging experts to inspect the image volumes of abdominal/pelvic computed tomography (CT) have not been well characterized or rendered in practical or teachable terms. The goal of this study is to describe the search patterns used by experienced subspecialty imagers when reading a normal abdominal CT at a modern picture archiving and communication system workstation, and utilize this information to propose guidelines for residents as they learn to interpret CT during training.

Material and Methods:

Twenty-two academic subspecialists enacted their routine search pattern on a normal contrast-enhanced abdominal/pelvic CT study under standardized display parameters. Readers were told that the scan was normal and then asked to verbalize where their gaze centered and moved through the axial, coronal, and sagittal image stacks, demonstrating eye position with a cursor as needed. A peer coded the reported eye gaze movements and scrilling behavior. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated between years of professional experience and the numbers of passes through the lung bases, liver, kidneys, and bowel.

Results:

All readers followed an initial organ-by-organ approach. Larger organs were examined by drilling, while smaller organs by oscillation or scanning. Search elements were classified as drilling, scanning, oscillation, and scrilling (scan drilling); these categories were parsed as necessary. The greatest variability was found in the examination the body wall and bowel/mesentery. Two modes of scrilling were described, and these classified as roaming and zigzagging. The years of experience of the readers did not correlated to number of passes made through the lung bases, liver, kidneys, or bowel.

Conclusion:

Subspecialty abdominal radiologists negotiate through the image stacks of an abdominal CT study in broadly similar ways. Collation of the approaches suggests a foundational search pattern for new trainees.