bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BULLYING: ANÁLISE DO COMPORTAMENTO E MUDANÇAS DE HÁBITOS NAS RELAÇÕES ENTRE CRIANÇAS EM UMA COMUNIDADE ESCOLAR
Authors: Oliveira Mariuza Cunha Morais , Costa José Raimundo Silva , Oliveira Michele Morais
Published: December 2014

O presente estudo aborda casos de bullying com crianças e os resultados após a concretização de ações voltadas para redução dessa prática no ambiente escolar. Sendo assim, buscou-se, de forma geral, estudar casos de bullying previamente detectados em uma turma que estava no terceiro ano do ensino fundamental, na Escola Estadual Engenheiro Márcio Aguiar da Cunha, na cidade de Ipatinga-MG, e mobilizar toda a comunidade escolar para uma campanha permanente em prol de uma cultura de paz e respeito às diferenças. A abordagem qualitativa foi escolhida como perspectiva metodológica, em razão da natureza do estudo, onde há contato direto do pesquisador com a realidade estudada. Como técnica de coleta de dados utilizaram-se dois questionários com perguntas objetivas e subjetivas. Verificou-se que as crianças pouco tratavam da temática em seu cotidiano, demonstrando a necessidade de se tratar desse assunto com elas, esclarecendo melhor o bullying, de forma a chamar a atenção destas para a cessação de comportamentos agressivos entre colegas. As atividades de intervenção foram muito importantes para a mudança de comportamento das crianças quanto à temática, além de ter sido uma interessante forma de aprendizado também em outros conteúdos como Língua Portuguesa e Geografia.
INTERAÇÃO INTERINSTITUCIONAL: O CASO DO PROGRAMA DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DA EDUCAÇÃO (PDE) / UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARANÁ (UFPR) E O DESENVOLVIMENTO REGIONAL
Authors: Walflor Marlene Ferreira Gomes Mortagua , Devai Orlando Cesar , Vieira Geraldine Marie Rita
Published: December 2014

O Programa de Desenvolvimento da Educação (PDE) implementado pela UFPR, pela Secretaria de Estado da Educação do Paraná e pela Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior do Paraná, é um exemplo das interações necessárias para assegurar a efetividade e a sustentabilidade da extensão universitária. Objetiva oferecer subsídios para um trabalho de formação continuada com reflexão crítica sobre as práticas e de (re)construção permanente e coletiva das identidades profissionais. Metodologicamente, o PDE dá ênfase no aprofundamento teórico, na integração teórico-prática, na troca de experiências, na produção de materiais didáticos e na interlocução entre professores das escolas da rede de ensino estadual básico e da universidade. Esse modelo de formação continuada, que ocorre durante dois anos, proporciona ao professor retorno às atividades acadêmicas de sua área de formação inicial. O Programa é estruturado em três grandes eixos: atividades de integração teórico-práticas, atividades de aprofundamento teórico e atividades didático-pedagógicas com suporte tecnológico. Os principais resultados: três turmas formadas com projetos de intervenção na escola, já implantados em escolas do ensino básico localizadas em Curitiba, União da Vitória e municípios das Regiões Metropolitanas Norte e Sul de Curitiba, e do Litoral Norte e Sul do Paraná. Conclusão: A universidade apropriou-se de uma metodologia para a formação continuada, ampliou sua rede de aliança e pretende consolidar a relação Universidade com a Escola e facilitar o diálogo com os agentes educacionais da região.
EXPERIÊNCIAS DE APOIO, DIÁLOGO E INTERAÇÃO COM MOVIMENTOS SOCIAIS NA AGÊNCIA DE JORNALISMO DA UEPG
Authors: Woitowicz Karina Janz , Camargo Isadora Ortiz de , Gadini Sérgio Luiz
Published: December 2014

O presente trabalho destaca a importância da extensão universitária no diálogo e apoio a manifestações populares e movimentos sociais locais, através do Projeto Agência de Jornalismo, mantido pelo curso de Jornalismo da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG). As atividades realizadas através do referido projeto têm fomentado a integração entre estudantes, professores envolvidos e sociedade civil.
LA PRESERVACIÓN DEL PATRIMONIO INTANGIBLE DEL TRABAJO MINERO A TRAVÉS DE MEDIOS AUDIOVISUALES: UN CASO EN ARGENTINA
Authors: Fernández Guillermina , Valenzuela Silvia , Castronovo Raúl , Ricci Susana , Ramos Aldo
Published: December 2014

O presente trabalho descreve brevemente um projeto de extensão desenvolvido durante o ano de 2010 que busca resgatar parte do patrimônio intangível relacionado à atividade mineira na localidade de Sierras Bayas, localizada no sudeste da Província de Buenos Aires. O projeto implicou a elaboração de um documentário por parte dos alunos da Faculdade de Artes que cursavam disciplinas sobre desenho audiovisual. Registraram-se formas e práticas de trabalho que se originaram na Itália e foram instaladas naquele lugar por imigrantes. Em nosso caso, esse conhecimento mineiro é representado por uma família, que se transforma assim em representante de uma atividade de suma importância para a região e portadora de um valioso patrimônio cultural, tangível e intangível.
A TERRITORIALIZAÇÃO DO SEGMENTO CALÇADISTA EM JAÚ: Arranjo produtivo local, atores e governança
Authors: Fuini Lucas Labigalini
Published: December 2014

O presente artigo tem como objetivo identificar os principais elementos constituintes do Arranjo Produtivo Local (APL) especializado na fabricação de calçados femininos de Jaú e região, em um conjunto de municípios localizados na parte central do Estado de São Paulo. Trabalha-se com a hipótese de que a constituição dessa aglomeração produtiva, uma das quatro maiores produtoras do segmento no Estado, está atrelada a uma estrutura de governança própria envolvendo atores e instituições em inter-relação e hierarquizados em termos de poderes econômicos e políticos, mesclando cooperação e conflito. O APL de couro e calçados de Jaú é formado por Jaú, segundo maior produtor individual de calçados do Estado de São Paulo, e mais nove municípios de pequeno porte em seu entorno e que possuem elos da cadeia calçadista em seu território (produção final e/ou fornecimento de insumos da cadeia produtiva). A principal concentração industrial, de infraestrutura e de serviços especializados dessa região se concentra em Jaú, tradição que remete às primeiras oficinas de sapateiros dos anos de 1920 e 1930 do século passado. A constituição de um APL se inicia em fins dos anos 1990 e se aprofunda no início dos 2000, com a inclusão da região e seus municípios produtores de calçados no programa estadual de fortalecimento da competitividade em APLs. A territorialização da indústria calçadista em Jaú remete ao quadro composto pelos atores públicos e privados que participam da governança da política estadual de APLs em nível espacial regional e local e, nesse sentido, se deu a construção de uma rede de poder socioterritorial pautada na constante relação de cooperação e conflito envolvendo atores, normas, instituições e convenções articuladas envoltas em planos e programas de ação.
A PRÁXIS DA CULTURA UCRANIANA NO ESPAÇO URBANO DE RONCADOR (PR), BRASIL: análise das categorias forma, função, estrutura e processo
Authors: Bovo Marcos Clair , Kalinovski Elaine Cristina Zavadovski , Töws Ricardo Luiz
Published: December 2014

O estudo versa sobre a cultura ucraniana na imagem da cidade de Roncador (PR), destacando, nesse prisma, a contribuição do grupo étnico no processo de colonização e formação do núcleo urbano. O aporte teórico que sustenta a análise tem como base as categorias analíticas propostas por Milton Santos, isto é, forma, função, estrutura e processo, as quais são fundamentais para a compreensão da produção do espaço, que, nesse caso, teve como agentes sociais a população de ascendência ucraniana. No âmbito deste contexto, atentamos, sobretudo, para o entendimento dos aspectos inerentes à cultura material, tendo como enfoque a abordagem das formas arquitetônicas e o padrão das edificações fixadas pela etnia ucraniana no decurso da colonização do município. Para tanto, ressaltamos o uso da História Oral como principal recurso metodológico empregado na presente pesquisa, uma vez que permite o registro e arquivamento de informações disponibilizadas pelas fontes orais, perfazendo, desse modo, um importante documento histórico passível de utilização para a investigação científica. Nesse sentido, a partir dos referenciais teórico, empírico e técnico, evidenciamos que as formas culturais impressas pelo grupo ucraíno no espaço urbano de Roncador não sucumbiram frente ao processo de modernização da vida urbana, compondo no atual momento histórico resquícios das formas tradicionais, herdadas do passado.
PROCESSO DE DEPOSIÇÃO FLUVIAL NA BAÍA COMPRIDA, RIO PARAGUAI, MUNICÍPIO DE CÁCERES – MATO GROSSO, BRASIL
Authors: Dos Santos Leandro Gustavo Roberto , De Souza Célia Alves , Do Nascimento Flávio Rodrigues
Published: December 2014

Neste trabalho foram avaliadas as características granulométricas dos sedimentos depositados em ambiente fluvial do rio Paraguai – a baía Comprida – e interpretadas por intermédio da dinâmica do canal principal. Os dados hidrodinâmicos foram obtidos com auxílio de ecobatímetro e molinete fluviométrico. Para determinação da composição granulométrica, o material foi submetido à análise física com os Métodos de Pipetagem e Peneiramento. Os valores de vazão registrados nos períodos de estiagem e cheia variaram entre 62,28 m³. s-1 e 0,71 m³. s-1 na entrada do canal da baía Comprida e de 56,61 m³. s-1 na saída do canal da baía Comprida para o período de cheia. Com relação à profundidade, registrou-se máxima de 2,72 m e mínima de 0,10 m. Os resultados mostraram predominância de areias, o que resultou em assoreamento do canal com barras de sedimentos. Esse fato pode ser explicado porque, durante a cheia, ocorre transferência de sedimentos com predominância de areias médias e areias finas do canal principal do rio Paraguai para a baía Comprida. O estudo mostrou-se relevante para compreensão de mudanças em termos de armazenagem e deposição de sedimentos na baía Comprida no rio Paraguai em períodos distintos de cheia e estiagem.
Feasting Centaurs and Destructive Consuls in Cicero’sIn Pisonem
Authors: Köster Isabel K.
Published: December 2014

This paper argues that the comparison of a feast staged by Piso and Gabinius to a banquet of Centaurs and Lapiths in Pis. 22 is significant for the invective as a whole. It shows how Cicero builds up his characterization of Piso to suggest that his opponent is like a Centaur and examines the implications of this comparison for the orator’s treatment of Piso’s proconsulship and intellectual activities. The image of Piso as a Centaur shows that he is naturally disposed to be an enemy of civilization.
De zaken S. en G. & O. en B.: Grenzeloze gezinnen en afgeleide verblijfsrechten
Authors: van Eijken Hanneke
Published: December 2014

De zaken S. en G. & O. en B.: Grenzeloze gezinnen en afgeleide verblijfsrechten

In de twee arresten, de zaak S. en G. en de zaak O. en B., die het Hof van Justitie dit voorjaar wees, worden het vrije verkeer van personen en afgeleide verblijfsrechten uitgebreid. Het Hof van Justitie oordeelt in deze zaken dat een weigering van een verblijfsrecht aan een familielid in de lidstaat van nationaliteit in strijd met het vrije verkeer van werknemers en Unieburgers kan zijn. Dat betekent dat een Unieburger, onder omstandigheden, een recht heeft op gezinshereniging in de lidstaat van zijn nationaliteit.

HvJ EU 12 maart 2014, zaak C-457/12, S. en G./Minister voor Immigratie, Integratie en Asiel, ECLI:EU:C:2014:136

HvJ EU 12 maart 2014, zaak C-456/12, O. en B./Minister voor Immigratie, Integratie en Asiel, ECLI:EU:C:2014:135
“The Dialectics of Nature in Kara-Kum”: Andrei Platonov’sDzhanas the Environmental History of a Future Utopia
Authors: Erley Mieka
Published: December 2014

In the Soviet cultural geography of the early 1930s, the Kara-Kum desert of Turkmenistan–the setting of Andrei Platonov's novellaDzhan–represented an environmental challenge to Soviet technological utopianism, just as its nomadic inhabitants challenged Stalinist narratives of political development. In this article, I offer new contexts for readingDzhan,locating it within Russian and Soviet discourses of natural and national development and within the context of Platonov's second profession as ameliorator(land reclamation engineer). I argue thatDzhanoffers a vision ofvernacular socialism,first, in its attention to the specific ecology of the desert and its inhabitants, and second, in its resistance to two totalizing Soviet master narratives forming in the early 1930s: in the political domain, new Stalinist doctrine on modes of production, and in the literary domain, the socialist realist plot.
“The Mountain of the Mind”: The Politics of the Gaze in Andrei Platonov'sDzhan
Authors: Bullock Philip Ross
Published: December 2014

This article explores the prominent role played by visual tropes in Andrei Platonov's Turkmen novella,Dzhan(Soul). While acknowledging Platonov's literary inventiveness, it seeks to identify the equal importance of the gaze as a means of emotional and ideological cognition, thereby arguing that the shift in emphasis in his prose in the mid-1930s entailed not just a move away from explicitly linguistic experimentation but also a greater embrace of visual imagery. With reference to bothDzhanand the author's letters and notebooks, this essay examines how the geographical relocation to Central Asia is accompanied by a heightened engagement with the world through the gaze, which functions principally in terms of gender and national identity. It concludes with a consideration of how the gaze is integral to a theory of Platonov's understanding of language, arguing that the “situatedness” of the individual is predicated on his or her being seen in a visual context by an interlocutor.
The Witches of Wilno: Constant Litigation and Conflict Resolution
Authors: Frick David
Published: December 2014

Seventeenth-century Wilno, capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and thus the second capital of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, was home to five Christian confessions (Roman Catholic, Lutheran, Calvinist, Greek Orthodox, and Uniate) and three religions (Christians, Jews, and Muslims [Tatars]). Against the general question of how they “made it work” arises the issue of witchcraft practice in local perceptions and in prosecution in the courts. Witchcraft trials are treated here as an integral part of “constant litigation“ and the “use of justice” in restoring communal peace. My conclusions and propositions include the following: that religion and confession played no role in witchcraft litigation; that although there is no doubt that beliefs in the existence of witchcraft persisted, there was nothing like a “witchcraft scare,“ and allegations of sorcery were treated on a level with that of petty theft and general misbehavior between neighbors; and that the goal of recourse to the courts was here, and in other types of cases, the restoration of a status quo ante. My final proposition, which invites testing, is that the Grand Duchy of Lithuania represented in this question, as well as perhaps in others, a transitional zone between the European west and east.
Influence of Milling Media on Mechanically Exfoliated MoS2
Authors: Kostecki Marek , Jezierska Elżbieta
Published: December 2014

Wet ball milling was used to exfoliate MoS2. The aim of the study was to examine how the surface energy of all the individual materials affected the formation of the nanosheets. Two types of milling balls were selected: one made of steel and one made of Al2O3. The liquids used were water (H2O), isopropyl alcohol (C3H8O) and kerosene. The obtained nanosheets were identified and characterized using transmission/scanning electron microscopy and electron diffraction. Following sedimentation, scattered light intensity was measured. Our experiments showed that the material of the milling balls played a significant role in the experiment and had an influence on the number of the nanosheets obtained. Irrespective of the liquid employed, the number of nanosheets in the suspension obtained by milling with Al2O3 balls was greater by 100% than those obtained via milling with steel balls.
Aktivita a tvořivost v Maňákově pojetí a jeho pedagogické činnosti
Authors: Švec Vlastimil
Published: December 2014

Cílem studie je charakterizovat Maňákovo pojetí aktivity a tvořivosti a nastínit, jak se toto pojetí projevuje v jeho pedagogické činnosti. V její první části je charakterizováno Maňákovo pojetí aktivity a tvořivosti. Druhá část si všímá kořenů tohoto pojetí a třetí se pokouší ukázat toto pojetí v jeho pedagogické činnosti. Zjištění plynoucí z kvalitativní analýzy lze shrnout do několika tezí. Jádrem Maňákova pojetí je triáda pojmů aktivita – samostatnost (samostatná práce) – tvořivost žáků. J. Maňák dospěl na základě svých výzkumů k tzv. principu postupnosti, který vyjadřuje požadavek, aby aktivita, samostatnost a tvořivost byly u žáků rozvíjeny postupně a respekto valy žákovy možnosti. Maňákovo pojetí aktivity a tvořivosti má kořeny již v období, kdy byl žákem, a dále v jeho teoretické, badatelské, ale i výukové činnosti. Promítá se do jeho pedagogického působení, které je založeno na Maňákových tacitních pedagogických znalostech a zkušenostech.
„Učitelky“: jejich dlouhá cesta k rovnoprávnosti a uznání se zaměřením na feminizaci a její důsledky.
Authors: Seebauer Renate
Published: December 2014

Vycházeje z aktuální situace v oblasti feminizace na rakouských školách, bude v historické studii zahrnující časové rozmezí od r. 1870 do konce první světové války načrtnuta dlouhá cesta učitelek k rovnoprávnosti a uznání, jak ji lze sledovat v historických odborných pedagogických časopisech. Kořeny feminizace, především v oblasti primární školy, sahají hluboko do 19. století (tehdy školy obecné – Volksschule). Přes veškeré překážky ze strany mužských kolegů a obtížné pracovní podmínky bylo až do roku 1896, kdy byly dívky/ženy poprvé připuštěny ke složení maturity, povolání „učitelky“ jedinou možností, jak mohly dosáhnout uznávaného vzdělání, které přesahovalo rámec povinné školní docházky. Během krátké doby tudíž vzdělávací ústavy „vyprodukovaly“ nadbytek učitelek, které se často musely jako soukromé učitelky za „skývu chleba“ tvrdě protloukat životem. Dnešní vysoká míra feminizace, jejímž důsledkem je nedostatek mužů na rakouských primárních školách, oslabuje především u chlapců možnost setkávat se s příklady mužských rolových vzorů; chlapci tak v dětském věku nenacházejí modely chování příslušníků stejného pohlaví, se kterými by se mohli identifikovat; zdá se, že chlapci s migračním pozadím – speciálně z jiných kulturních kruhů – jsou tím obzvláště postiženi. Argumentace podložené teorií genderu ukazují na rozmanitost důvodů, proč v učitelském povolání vládne feminizace a proč jen málo mužů volí studium učitelství pro primární školu. Mnohé jevy, se kterými se v nejnovějších studiích setkáváme (obsazování vedoucích míst, aspekty pracovní psychologie…), nacházíme již v pojednáních z let na přelomu mezi 19. a 20. stoletím.
Influence de la structuration de l’apprentissage coopératif sur les relations filles-garçons en éducation physique
Authors: André Amaël , Louvet Benoit
Published: December 2014

Dans cette recherche, nous étudions l’influence de la structuration du dispositif d’apprentissage coopératif sur les biais perceptifs et comportementaux favorables aux garçons en basket-ball. Cent élèves (50 filles et 50 garçons) de 9-10 ans issus de quatre classes ont pratiqué le basket-ball pendant huit séances. Deux classes ont pratiqué dans un dispositif de coopération simple, alors que les deux autres ont été soumises à un dispositif structuré. Les biais perceptifs et comportementaux des élèves ont été mesurés à la première et à la dernière séance. Les résultats montrent que le dispositif structuré atténue les biais, contrairement au dispositif de coopération simple.
PSICOSE INFANTIL: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA A PARTIR DA PSICANÁLISE LACANIANA
Authors: Mexko Sara , Machado Galhardi Cristiano
Published: December 2014

Este artigo aborda a temática das psicoses infantis. Para tanto, parte da compreensão de como se dá a estruturação subjetiva da criança a partir do referencial da psicanálise lacaniana. Como forma de nortear o trabalho, foram usadas algumas questões que serviram como balizas na construção do texto. Como se dá a estruturação subjetiva da criança? O que se passa na estruturação subjetiva da criança que se torna psicótica? Buscou-se, por meio de revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema, responder a estes questionamentos. Constatou-se que, a estruturação subjetiva da criança se dá a partir do campo do Outro. A criança precisa adentrar a operação de alienação, ocupar o lugar de objeto de desejo do Outro, por um tempo. Necessita também se separar deste Outro e, para tal, vale-se da metáfora paterna. Na estruturação psicótica, há uma foraclusão do significante Nome-do-Pai (S2) e a criança permanece presa ao significante primordial Desejo da mãe (S1), não conseguindo se separar psiquicamente do Outro. Desta forma, não acessa o mundo simbólico e não se constitui como sujeito desejante.
A VIOLÊNCIA QUE ATINGE ADOLESCENTES E JOVENS DE UMA REGIÃO DO ESPÍRITO SANTO
Authors: Maria Rosa Edinete , Euzébio dos Anjos Erly , Hespanha Brasil Gutemberg , De Andrade Fonseca Karina , Alves Brasil Julia
Published: December 2014

Objetivo: Investigar como a violência tem afetado a vida de adolescentes e jovens de uma região composta por sete bairros considerada altamente violenta do estado do Espírito Santo. Método: A metodologia consistiu na realização de dois grupos focais com 13 participantes com idades entre 12 e 26 anos. Resultados e discussões: Os resultados indicam que há diferenças na percepção da violência. Entre os jovens esta se mostrou mais institucional, vinda principalmente da polícia, de forma discriminatória contra seu estilo de se vestir e seu local de moradia. Entre os adolescentes, a violência foi mais perceptível nas relações interpessoais entre os próprios moradores, nos espaços locais como a escola e/ou nos seus arredores e como fruto do envolvimento com drogas. Considerações finais: As soluções para a violência, segundo ambos os grupos, consistem em uma ação mais efetiva e preventiva da polícia, que até o momento tem se comportado de modo descomprometido com a comunidade local.
“How many sums can I do”? Performative strategies and diffractive thinking as methodological tools for rethinking mathematical subjectivity
Authors: Palmer Anna
Published: December 2014

The aim of this article is to illustrate how the understanding of mathematical subjectivity changes when transiting theoretically and methodologically from a discursive and performative thinking, as suggested by Judith Butler (1990, 1993, 1997), to an agential realist and diffractive thinking, inspired by Karen Barad’s theories (2007, 2008). To show this I have examined narrative memory stories about mathematics written by students participating in Teacher Education maths courses. I provide examples of such stories and present an in-depth analysis of one such story. The first part of the analysis has been carried out using performative methodological strategies – in relation to Judith Butler’s theories – while the latter part of analysis has been performed with the aid of diffractive methodological thinking – in relation to Barad’s theoretical perspectives. When summarising the different analyses, it becomes evident that the understanding of data – and of me as researcher – changes when transiting from one theoretical and methodological arena to another. Depending on which questions we pose, what methodological strategies we use, and which theoretical fields we get involved in, we would see and understand this differently.
Rhapsodic Inquiry and the Methodological Imaginal
Authors: Levy Gary
Published: December 2014

This paper reflects on, and examines some issues sidelined during the writing of a doctoral dissertation that was completed at the end of 2011. The study investigated the potential of the mobile phone as a pedagogic tool in a senior secondary technical school. While the methods employed for data collection and analysis were conventional and uncontentious, a certain boldness and imaginative engagement with the empirical findings was deemed necessary in order generate a thesis that was both sufficiently substantial and original. However, an underlying tension operated wherein fundamentally philosophical impulses of the researcher had to be balanced against simultaneously present institutional expectations and practical imperatives. In particular, some key remarks of Heidegger concerning technology and thinking, vied for attention and prominence within the research project agenda. An articulation and elaboration of this underlying tension between the philosophical and the practical only became possible after the work was completed. The return and manifestation of these marginalised and latent issues are here given closer attention.
The Person in the Tree: Shared Writings from Space, Place, Body
Authors: Collins Sue , Whyte Sue , Green Monica , Vella Karen , Crinall Sarah , Dent Faith , Foley Angela , Potts Miriam , Oates Colleen , Peterson Corinna , Albon Nerissa , Howard Marcia
Published: December 2014

This paper was generated as an experimental collaborative writing exercise as part of the development of conceptual, theoretical and methodological resources of the Space, Place, Body Faculty of Education Research Group at Monash University. A group of higher degree research students undertook an exercise in body/place writing by going on a walk in the nearby Morwell National Park and producing a piece of writing in response to that experience. The responses became the data for the collaborative writing of a paper which followed the standard format of a thesis. Key theoretical influences included the writings of Elizabeth Grosz, Bronwyn Davies and Margaret Somerville. The process was found to generate a wide range of embodied walking stories. Analysis of the written reflections highlighted individually complex and different responses to place and ways of experiencing place. Through the collaborative process, intersections of meanings and new learnings about the ways in which we interact with place were facilitated.
Paleomagnetic inclination and declination from three‐component borehole magnetometer data—New insights from logging in the Louisville seamounts
Authors: Ehmann S. , Hördt A. , Leven M. , Virgil C.
Published: December 2014

We carried out measurements of the magnetic field vector at two sites during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 330 to the Louisville Seamount Chain. The aim was to impose constraints on the magnetization direction and to contribute to the reconstruction of possible hot spot motion. The measurements were conducted using the Göttingen Borehole Magnetometer (GBM). It comprises three fiber optic gyros (FOG) that can be used to reorient the magnetic field data. To improve accuracy, we are using a new algorithm that combines FOG data and data of two inclinometers. As can be evaluated by comparing downlog and uplog of the measurements, the three‐dimensional magnetic field data obtained is of good quality. An interpretation of the magnetic field data using a state of the art method based on horizontal layers yields results inconsistent with measurements of the natural remanent magnetization (NRM) of drill core samples. In the following, we define the magnetization from the horizontal layer as apparent magnetization and develop a new interpretation method based on dipping layers. Our method includes a new approximate forward modeling algorithm and considerably improves the consistency of the borehole measurements and the NRM data. We show that a priori information about the geometry of a layer is required to constrain the inclination and declination of magnetization. Especially the azimuth of a layer and the declination of magnetization cannot be determined separately. Using azimuth and layer dip information from borehole images, we obtain constraints on inclination and declination for one particular layer.
Research on the preparation and characterization of chitosan grafted polyvinylpyrrolidone gel membrane with iodine
Authors: Sai Mingze , Guo Rui , Chen Lu , Xu Ningning , Tang Yang , Ding Derun
Published: December 2014

The chitosan grafted polyvinylpyrrolidone gel membrane with iodine (CS‐PVP‐I2‐G‐M) was prepared by chitosan–polyvinylpyrrolidone–iodine complex liquid (CS‐PVP‐I2‐L) mixed with gelatin. The intermediate product CS‐PVP‐I2‐L was prepared by CS grafted PVP in the protection of N2 with dimethyl 2,2′‐azobis (2‐methylpropionate) (AIBME) as initiator, then a certain amounts of iodine in ethanol solution was added. The properties of CS‐PVP‐I2‐G‐M were characterized by IR, UV–Vis, SEM, XRD, DSC, and so forth. The iodine release results coherent with the release kinetic model—Fick diffusion laws, has a burst effect first, and then spread, and the emission of iodine was maintained within a certain range and kept at a stable level permanently, showed a sustained‐release effect of iodine. The inhibition zone diameters of CS‐PVP‐I2‐G‐M against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were both greater than 16 mm, it demonstrated significant antibacterial activity. Double effects sustained‐release effect of iodine and the significant antibacterial activity made CS‐PVP‐I2‐G‐M highly potential for applications as a novel natural biomedical sterilization materials. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41797.
Why does attention to web articles fall with Time?
Authors: Simkin Mikhail V. , Roychowdhury Vwani P.
Published: December 2014

We analyze access statistics of 150 blog entries and news articles for periods of up to 3 years. Access rate falls as an inverse power of time passed since publication. The power law holds for periods of up to 1,000 days. The exponents are different for different blogs and are distributed between 0.6 and 3.2. We argue that the decay of attention to a web article is caused by the link to it first dropping down the list of links on the website's front page and then disappearing from the front page and its subsequent movement further into background. The other proposed explanations that use a decaying with time novelty factor, or some intricate theory of human dynamics, cannot explain all of the experimental observations.
Consensus Control for Directed Networks Under Quantized Information Exchange
Authors: Yin Zhi‐Xiang , Huang You‐Rui , Geng Xian‐Ya , Li De‐Quan
Published: December 2014

In this paper, without assuming balanced network topologies, we address the weighted average consensus problem for discrete‐time single‐integrator multi‐agent systems with logarithmic quantized information communication. By incorporating generalized quadratic Lyapunov function with the discrete‐time Bellman–Gronwall inequality, a new upper bound about the quantization precision parameter of the infinite‐level logarithmic quantizer is derived to design quantized protocol, under which agents in strongly connected directed networks can attain weighted average consensus. The obtained new upper bound clearly characterizes the intimate relation between the quantization precision parameter and the directed network topology. The proposed quantized protocol is particularly applicable to digital networks where balanced message passing among agents is not available.
The use of steam explosion to increase the nutrition available from rice straw
Authors: Li Bin , Chen Kunjie , Gao Xiang , Zhao Chao , Shao Qianjun , Sun Qian , Li Hua
Published: December 2014

In the present study, rice straw was pretreated using steam‐explosion (ST) technique to improve the enzymatic hydrolysis of potential reducing sugars for feed utilization. The response surface methodology based on central composite design was used to optimize the effects of steam pressure, pressure retention time, and straw moisture content on the yield of reducing sugar. All the investigated variables had significant effects (P < 0.001) on the reducing sugar yield. The optimum yield of 30.86% was obtained under the following pretreatment conditions: steam pressure, 1.54 MPa; pressure retention time, 140.5 Sec; and straw moisture content, 41.6%. The yield after thermal treatment under the same conditions was approximately 16%. Infrared (IR) radiation analysis showed a decrease in the cellulose IR crystallization index. ST noticeably increases reducing sugars in rice straw, and this technique may also be applicable to other cellulose/lignin sources of biomass.
Model for risk adjustment of postoperative mortality in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Walker K , Finan P J , van der Meulen J H
Published: December 2014

Background

A model was developed for risk adjustment of postoperative mortality in patients with colorectal cancer in order to make fair comparisons between healthcare providers. Previous models were derived in relatively small studies with the use of suboptimal modelling techniques.

Methods

Data from adults included in a national study of major surgery for colorectal cancer were used to develop and validate a logistic regression model for 90-day mortality. The main risk factors were identified from a review of the literature. The association with age was modelled as a curved continuous relationship. Bootstrap resampling was used to select interactions between risk factors.

Results

A model based on data from 62 314 adults was developed that was well calibrated (absolute differences between observed and predicted mortality always smaller than 0·75 per cent in deciles of predicted risk). It discriminated well between low- and high-risk patients (C-index 0·800, 95 per cent c.i. 0·793 to 0·807). An interaction between age and metastatic disease was included as metastatic disease was found to increase postoperative risk in young patients aged 50 years (odds ratio 3·53, 95 per cent c.i. 2·66 to 4·67) far more than in elderly patients aged 80 years (odds ratio 1·48, 1·32 to 1·66).

Conclusion

Use of this model, estimated in the largest number of patients with colorectal cancer to date, is recommended when comparing postoperative mortality of major colorectal cancer surgery between hospitals, clinical teams or individual surgeons.
Catalytic Hydrocracking of a Bitumen‐Derived Asphaltene over NiMo/γ‐Al2O3 at Various Temperatures
Authors: Zhao Yingxian , Lin Xiao , Li Da
Published: December 2014

Hydrocracking of a bitumen‐derived asphaltene over NiMo/γ‐Al2O3 was investigated in a microbatch reactor at varying temperatures. The molar kinetics of asphaltene cracking reaction was examined by fitting the experimental data. Below a defined temperature, the molar reaction showed the first‐order kinetic feature while at higher temperatures secondary reactions such as coke formation became significant, causing deviation of the reaction behavior from the proposed first‐order kinetic model. Selectivity analysis proved that dominant products varied from gases to liquids to gases with increasing temperature, shifting the dominant reaction from C–S bonds cleavage to C–C bonds cleavage.
Design of a Cone‐Cone Shear Cell to Study Emulsification Characteristics
Authors: Merkel Tobias , Emin M. Azad , Schuch Anna , Schuchmann Heike P.
Published: December 2014

In order to study emulsification phenomena, devices generating well‐defined flow conditions are essential. Thus, emulsification of drop collectives under laminar shear flow is commonly performed in cylindrical Couette or Searle devices. In these devices, the flow conditions in the shear gap and in the volume underneath the rotor are often different, which can lead to inhomogeneous product properties and may complicate sample taking. Here, a novel cone‐cone shear cell is presented to study emulsification processes. The flow inside the device is examined using numerical simulations. The numerical simulations indicate that simple shear flow is realized all over the sample volume in the cone‐cone shear cell. The experimental results show that the drop breakup in the cone‐cone shear cell is equivalent to the breakup under simple shear realized in the shear gap of a conventional device, i.e., the Searle device. Critical capillary numbers are calculated from the experimental data and show breakup behavior as predicted by single‐drop experiments. Thus, the cone‐cone shear cell proved to be suitable to study emulsification mechanisms in simple shear flow.
Cobalt Catalyst with a Proton‐Responsive Ligand for Water Oxidation
Authors: Siewert Inke , Gałęzowska Joanna
Published: December 2014

Herein, we report the synthesis, the thermochemical data, and the catalytic reactivity of a new mononuclear cobalt complex, which has four NH protons in the ligand sphere. The combination of the redox‐active metal ion and NH units enabled the coupling of proton and electron‐transfer steps, which we exploited in the electrocatalytic water oxidation.
Leadership and motivation in Africa and the African Diaspora (LEAD): Summary and Epilogue
Authors: Ford David L. , Miller Carliss D.
Published: December 2014

This paper consolidates and summarizes the findings of the preceding three empirical papers in the LEAD special issue. A research framework is offered that reflects the research approach followed to date and that incorporates the Ubuntu leadership philosophy as an antecedent for explaining certain leader attributes and behaviours. The research framework also serves as a vehicle against which to examine the quantitative data resulting from the future administration of a quantitative survey in the next phase of the LEAD research project. The paper concludes with the presentation of several propositions to stimulate thinking and to serve as initial guides for future research. Copyright © 2014 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of cancer and racial disparities in health‐related quality of life among older Americans: A case‐control, population‐based study
Authors: Pinheiro Laura C. , Wheeler Stephanie B. , Chen Ronald C. , Mayer Deborah K. , Lyons Jessica C. , Reeve Bryce B.
Published: December 2014

BACKGROUND

Understanding the impact of the cancer care system on racial/ethnic disparities in health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) is increasingly important as the number of cancer survivors in the United States grows. The authors prospectively assessed changes in HRQOL before and after a first cancer diagnosis among non‐Hispanic whites (NHWs), African Americans (AAs), Hispanics, and Asians in a cohort of Medicare beneficiaries with and without cancer.

METHODS

Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results linked with the Medicare Health Outcomes Survey were used to identify 1778 individuals aged ≥65 years with prostate, breast, or colorectal cancer from 1998 to 2007. The Medical Outcomes Trust Short Form 36 (SF‐36) instrument was used to measure HRQOL. By using propensity scores, each patient with cancer (case) was matched to 5 individuals without cancer (noncancer controls), and differences in HRQOL according to race/ethnicity were assessed. Mixed effects analysis of covariance models was used to assess differences in HRQOL, adjusting for baseline HRQOL, demographics, and self‐reported comorbid conditions while controlling for each individual's managed care plan. Stratified analyses were used to assess racial/ethnic disparities between cases and noncancer controls.

RESULTS

Before cancer diagnosis, NHWs had better HRQOL scores than AAs and Hispanics on the Role‐Physical and Role‐Emotional SF‐36 subscales. Cancer diagnosis/treatment negatively impacted individuals' lives regardless of race/ethnicity. However, among cases, gaps between racial/ethnic groups narrowed (compared with controls) before and after cancer diagnosis for some SF‐36 HRQOL measures.

CONCLUSIONS

Racial/ethnic HRQOL gaps exist among cancer survivors but may narrow because of exposure to the cancer care system. Further research to understand why this occurs will help inform initiatives to manage the impact of cancer on HRQOL among elderly cancer survivors. Cancer 2015;121:1312–1320. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
A Study of Self‐Dithering for Fractional‐N PLL
Authors: Kato Yuji , Ioka Eri , Matsuya Yasuyuki
Published: December 2014

The fractional‐N phase‐locked loops (PLL) are being investigated in order to realize a low fractional spurious signal characteristic. In this PLL, the modulator sets the fractional division ratio. However, a limit cycle oscillation occurs in the modulator when the input value is fixed, and as a result, the limit cycle oscillation increases the spurious signal power. Therefore, a method is required to suppress this oscillation. In this paper, we propose a self‐dithering fractional‐N PLL that inhibits the limit cycle oscillation without an external dither generating circuit. The proposed circuit generates dither from the internal signals of the PLL. We simulated the output spectrum of the proposed circuit. The results showed that the proposed circuit suppressed limit cycle oscillation, and that the spurious level of the proposed circuit was almost equal to the spurious level without limit cycle oscillation.
Development of Optically Transparent Ultrathin Microwave Absorber for Suppression of Misidentification Possibility of UHF‐RFID System
Authors: Okano Yoshinobu , Ogino Satoshi , Ishikawa Koji
Published: December 2014

Recently, wireless telecommunication devices have been used with the worldwide spread of the mobile phone, wireless local area networks (WLAN), and UHF‐radio frequency identification (UHF‐RFID). Therefore, EMI problems have also been serious. In the case of indoor use, the wireless telecommunication environment is degraded by multiple reflection interference. That interference must be controlled in order to improve wireless communication conditions. In particular, improvement of the multipath environment is regarded as indispensable for assuring reliability UHF‐RFID systems. In this paper, an ultrathin microwave absorber is described as a technology for improving the multipath environment for UHF‐RFID system. Additionally, provision is made for transparency of this absorber, because microwave absorbers should not increase the blind area of the observation camera in the region in which the UHF‐RFID system is used (around the entrance gate of offices or warehouses). Verification of tag identification probability improvement with this absorber in an actual warehouse is also presented.
NSAIDs: Learning new tricks from old drugs
Authors: Díaz‐González Federico , Sánchez‐Madrid Francisco
Published: December 2014

Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) comprise a heterogeneous group of pharmacological agents used for the symptomatic treatment of fever, pain, and inflammation. Although the main mechanism of action of NSAIDs consists of inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis by blocking the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), clinical, and experimental data strongly indicate the existence of additional mechanisms. Some of the COX‐independent effects are related to the ability of NSAIDs to penetrate biological membranes and disrupt important molecular interactions necessary for a wide array of cellular functions, including cell adhesion. These effects, in particular those that interfere with l‐selectin function in neutrophils during the inflammatory response, may contribute to the anti‐inflammatory properties that NSAIDs exert in vivo. Recent contributions in this field have shown that the anti‐l‐selectin effect of NSAIDs is related to the NADPH‐oxidase‐dependent generation of superoxide anion at the plasma membrane. These findings might represent a novel approach for developing new and effective anti‐inflammatory compounds with a better safety profile than the currently available NSAIDs.
Attention bias modification and its impact on experimental pain outcomes: Comparison of training with words versus faces in pain
Authors: Sharpe L. , Johnson A. , Dear B.F.
Published: December 2014

Background

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of training participants' attention towards or away from painful faces versus pain‐related words on pain outcomes on an acute experimental pain paradigm.

Methods

Participants were randomized to receive either training towards or away from painful faces or words. Following training, participants completed the cold pressor task.

Results

The results confirm that attention bias modification produced the predicted changes in attentional biases. Clear training effects were observed for words and faces, such that attentional biases changed in the predicted direction on the stimuli presented during the training. However, for those trained on words, training effects also generalized to face stimuli. As predicted, those who received training away from painful stimuli took longer to report pain (higher pain threshold) during the cold pressor task, and this effect was more pronounced for those trained on words. Contrary to expectations, those trained on faces (regardless of training direction) reported less pain than those trained on words. There were no differences between the groups for pain tolerance (length of time participants were able to keep their arms in the cold pressor).

Conclusions

These findings confirm that attentional biases are modifiable, and impact (in the expected manner) how quickly participants perceive pain. Further, exposure to painful faces resulted in additional benefits to the level of pain reported. However, we were unable to confirm that change in attentional biases was the mechanism of change.
Antioxidative effect of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) fruit skin extract in soybean oil
Authors: Delfanian Mojtaba , Esmaeilzadeh Kenari Reza , Sahari Mohammad Ali
Published: December 2014

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of solvent and ultrasound‐assisted extraction methods with supercritical fluid extraction on antioxidant activity of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) fruit skin extract in stability of soybean oil at 25°C. Oxidative stability alterations of soybean oils containing 400 (SEA) and 1000 ppm (SEB) of ethanol extract, 400 (SSA) and 1000 ppm (SSB) of supercritical CO2 extract, 400 (SUA) and 1000 ppm (SUB) of ultrasound‐assisted extract, and 100 ppm of tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) were monitored by measuring the peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid value, free fatty acids, conjugated dienes and trienes values. Oxidative changes in SEA were lower than that of oils treated with other extracts, but the best protection was observed in soybean oil consisting TBHQ. The solvent extraction method produces the maximum amount of phenolic and tocopherol compounds from loquat fruit skin. Therefore, solvent extraction method had a better effect on antioxidant activity of the loquat fruit skin extract.
The Welfare Cost of Homicides in Brazil: Accounting for Heterogeneity in the Willingness to Pay for Mortality Reductions
Authors: Cerqueira Daniel , Soares Rodrigo R.
Published: December 2014

This paper estimates the health dimension of the welfare cost of homicides in Brazil incorporating age, gender, educational, and regional heterogeneities. We use a marginal willingness to pay approach to assign monetary values to the welfare cost of increased mortality due to violence. Results indicate that the present discounted value of the welfare cost of homicides in Brazil corresponds to roughly 78% of the GDP or, in terms of yearly flow, 2.3%. The analysis also shows that reliance on aggregate data to perform such calculations can lead to biases of around 20% in the estimated social cost of violence. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.