bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSIONAL MOBILITY OF THE COURSE OF A MILITARY UNIVERSITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE PANDEMIC
Authors:   South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Chukovsky А.M.
Published: November 2021

The article describes the chronology of events in the development of coronavirus infection, demonstrates the connection between the pandemic and the socio-economic situation in the country. The main activities carried out during the educational process of a military university to counter the spread of coronavirus infection are described. The topical problem of manifestation of professional mobility of a cadet is revealed, it is indicated that mobility allows you to successfully perform various tasks in the course of the educational process in a pandemic. coronavirus infection. The main factors influencing the development of professional mobility are identified and classified, and it is determined to which class of factors the coronavirus infection pandemic belongs. The main differences between the educational process during a pandemic in a civilian university and a military university are highlighted, and the specifics of military service are described. The methods of teaching cadets in the educational process of a military university during a pandemic are shown, and the manifestation of professional mobility is shown both among the teaching staff and among cadets.
PROBLEM-MODULAR APPROACH TO TEACHING PHYSICS TO CADETS OF A MILITARY UNIVERSITY
Authors:   Air Force Academy, Nikolaeva I.B.
Published: November 2021

The article discusses a problem-modular approach to teaching physics to cadets of a military university. The relevance of the use of the problem-modular approach in obtaining professional knowledge, skills, mastering professional and personal competence by cadets is noted. The principles of the problem-modular approach in vocational training of cadets of a military university are highlighted: modularity, problematicity, integrativity. The tasks of the implementation of this approach in teaching have been determined. The purpose of the study is to analyze the features of the problem-modular approach in teaching physics at a military university. The research methods were analysis, generalization, systematization of the material on the research problem, the author's development of a problem-modular approach to teaching physics to cadets of a military university. It is concluded that the problem-modular approach in teaching physics to cadets of a military university at the level of the content and structure of the educational material is distinguished by integrativity, continuity, the presence of interdisciplinary connections, at the competence level, this approach is aimed at mastering both general scientific and professional knowledge and skills, the formation of a scientific worldview and professional competencies at each stage of education, the formation and development of a critical and systemic vision of the situation.
Språkkompetanse hos voksne innvandrere i helsefagarbeiderutdanningen
Authors: Andersen Tove
Published: November 2021

Tidligere forskning har pekt på svake språkferdigheter som ett av flere hindre for sysselsetting av innvandrergrupper. Formell kompetanse i form av utdanning har vist seg å gi mer varig tilknytning til arbeidslivet. Helsearbeiderfaget er et populært utdanningsvalg for mange voksne innvandrere.
Denne artikkelen tar for seg kravene som stilles til språkkompetanse i opplæringen og i yrket som helsefagarbeider. Problemstillingen som reises, er: Hvilke krav stilles til språkkompetanse i helsefagarbeiderutdanningen, og hvordan kan denne språkkompetansen utvikles hos voksne minoritetsspråklige elever i skoleløpet?
Artikkelen presenterer en analyse av kravene som stilles til elevenes språklige ferdigheter i læreplanene i Helse- og oppvekstfag Vg1 og Helsearbeiderfaget Vg2. Analysen viser at læreplanene stiller omfattende krav til elevenes fagspesifikke og generelle språkkompetanse. Det er svært få kompetansemål som ikke stiller språklige krav. I yrkesutøvelsen er helsefagarbeidere også omgitt av ulike språklige sjangrer, både muntlige og skriftlige.
For å møte læreplanens og arbeidslivets krav til språkkompetanse, må skolen tilrettelegge for at elevene utvikler slik kompetanse. På bakgrunn av tidligere forskning argumenterer artikkelen for at en helhetlig yrkeskompetanse for voksne innvandrere i helsefagarbeiderutdanningen kan utvikles med en god kombinasjon av praksis, yrkesrettet norskopplæring, fagopplæring og god nok tid.
Influence of soil amendment of different concentrations of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer on physiological characteristics, yield and quality of “Hangjiao No.2” Chili Pepper
Authors: Bakpa Emily Patience , Xie Jianming , Zhang Jing , Han Kangning , Ma Yufeng , Liu Tiandong
Published: November 2021

Amino acids are well known as natural stimulators of plant growth and are widely used to promote crop yield and quality. Several studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of amino acid (s) as a foliar spray on a variety of plant species. However, the effects of soil amendment of different concentrations of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer on the physiological characteristics, yield, and quality of pepper remain unclear. Following this, three experimental sets of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer in the ratio 1.8: 2.7: 3.6 kg including control (CK) were conducted in Lintao county, Gansu province. The treatments were applied through furrow method at 6 weeks after planting. The results showed that physiological characteristics of the pepper plants, such as chlorophyll a (1.35 mg g−1), and b (0.67 mg g−1), total chlorophyll (2.02 mg g−1), carotenoid (0.63 mg g−1), ETR (26.25 µmol m−2s−1), Fv/Fm (0.75), Qp (0.92) contents of the leaves were increased by the 1.8 kg treatment while NPQ (71.37%) and root activity (2185.52 µg g−1h−1) were improved by the 3.6 kg treatment compared to the control. Fertilization with 2.7 kg of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer also had a significant influence on fruit length (25.50 cm), and yield of pepper (37.92 t ha−1) while fruit diameter (24.51 mm), firmness (5.30 kg cm−2), fresh (48.10 g) and dry (4.71 g) weights were higher in the 1.8 kg treatment compared to the control. The lowest rate of fertilizer (1.8 kg) applied again resulted in a significant increase in soluble protein (79.79%), capsaicin (5.80 mg g−1), dihydrocapsaicin (1.08 mg g−1), vitamin C (72.33%) and the essential and non-essential amino acid contents of the pepper which ranged from (235.15 to 11.16 µg g−1) and (1,605.10 to 16.63 µg g−1) respectively, while soluble sugar (9.02%) was enhanced by 3.6 kg treatment compared to the control. The findings suggest that soil amendment with low concentration of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer (1.8 kg) could be successfully used to improve the physiological characteristics and fruit quality of peppers in vegetable production.
Constructing Identities over Time: “Bad Gypsies” and “Good Roma” in Russia and Hungary
Authors: Dunajeva Jekatyerina
Published: November 2021

Jekatyerina Dunajeva explores how two dominant stereotypes—“bad Gypsies” and “good Roma”—took hold in formal and informal educational institutions in Russia and Hungary. She shows that over centuries “Gypsies” came to be associated with criminality, lack of education, and backwardness. The second notion, of proud, empowered, and educated “Roma,” is a more recent development. By identifying five historical phases—pre-modern, early-modern, early and “ripe” communism, and neomodern nation-building—the book captures crucial legacies that deepen social divisions and normalize the constructed group images. The analysis of the state-managed Roma identity project in the brief korenizatsija program for the integration of non-Russian nationalities into the Soviet civil service in the 1920s is particularly revealing, while the critique of contemporary endeavors is a valuable resource for policy makers and civic activists alike. The top-down view is complemented with the bottom-up attention to everyday Roma voices. Personal stories reveal how identities operate in daily life, as Dunajeva brings out hidden narratives and subaltern discourse. Her handling of fieldwork and self-reflexivity is a model of sensitive research with vulnerable groups.
AYURVEDIC DANTA DHAVANA - A NEED OF TIME: A REVIEW
Authors: Parashar Akash , Katti Anand
Published: November 2021

Dhantadhavana is an important procedure for maintaining the oral hygiene. In Ayurveda there is detail explanation about Dantadhavana methods, procedure, action of drugs, benefits etc. due to civilization Ayurveda twigs and tooth powders got replaced by contemporary plastic made toothbrushes and chemical based toothpastes. Toothbrushes are made of plastic; hence it is an alarming sign for soil and air pollution. Contemporary science recommends usage of chemical-based toothpaste with added sweet flavouring agents. Action of toothpaste maybe bactericidal but data from W.H.O over Oro-dental disorders per year gives an idea that action of bactericidal is not up to mark. In Ayurveda rasa Siddhant-katu (pungent taste), tikta (bitter taste), Kashaya (astringent taste) is given much importance for Dantadhavana due to antibacterial, antiseptic action. Current world is shifting towards ayurvedic principles of daily regimens to maintain and promote the health. This paper will discuss over problems due to usage of contemporary toothbrushes and chemical based paste and ayurvedic view of Dantadhavana and solution by Ayurveda to come over the Oro-dental problems.
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF EFFECT OF MADHU ON WOUND HEALING
Authors: Sharma Neha , Himaliyan Kulwant Singh , Parmar Gaurav , Dutt Anil
Published: November 2021

In the Indian context, the formal description of wound care has been widely elaborated in the three great treaties (Brahatrayi) of Ayurveda i.e., Charak Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtang Sangrah. Madhu has been described by them as Vrana Ropaka. A 42-year-old patient came to us with Ignored 10 days old open fracture of the Base 2nd Metatarsal with an infected wound right foot. After debridement of the wound and application of Madhu was done for 3 weeks, and B/K POP Slab applied. The treatment plan followed may be adopted in the future for cases.
ILMI algorithm for robust stabilization under structured uncertainties
Authors: Dragoljub Stefanovski Jovan
Published: November 2021

An iterative algorithm with linear matrix inequalities (ILMI) is presented, for robust stabilization of linear time‐invariant systems, where the uncertainty is a structured rational matrix belonging to a positive‐real‐like set, determined by scalar . The algorithm searches for a maximal set, in respect to inclusion of sets, that is, for the minimal parameter . A property of the algorithm is that a suboptimal solution is found in each iteration of the algorithm, and decreases in each iteration. Robustness in respect to the change of controller coefficients is elaborated on, and it is shown by examples that it can be greater than the robustness of the ‐controller. The efficiency of the algorithm, as well as its conservativity/non‐conservativity, is tested on examples with random numbers.
Honeycomb‐Structure RuI3, A New Quantum Material Related to α‐RuCl3
Authors: Ni Danrui , Gui Xin , Powderly Kelly M. , Cava Robert J.
Published: November 2021

The layered honeycomb lattice material α‐RuCl3 has emerged as a prime candidate for displaying the Kitaev quantum spin liquid state, and as such has attracted much research interest. Here a new layered honeycomb lattice polymorph of RuI3, a material that is strongly chemically and structurally related to α‐RuCl3 is described. The material is synthesized at moderately elevated pressures and is stable under ambient conditions. Preliminary characterization reveals that it is a metallic conductor, with the absence of long‐range magnetic order down to 0.35 K and an unusually large T‐linear contribution to the heat capacity. It is proposed that this phase, with a layered honeycomb lattice and strong spin–orbit coupling, provides a new route for the characterization of quantum materials.
Nanoplasmonic‐Enhanced Spintronic Terahertz Emission
Authors: Liu Shaojie , Guo Fengwei , Li Peiyan , Wei Gaoshuai , Wang Chun , Chen Xinhou , Wang Bo , Zhao Weisheng , Miao Jungang , Wang Li , Xu Yong , Wu Xiaojun
Published: November 2021

Recently fashionable spintronic terahertz (THz) emission provides fresh pathways for contactless diagnosing femtosecond spin currents, opens the door for developing next‐generation high‐performance THz emitters, and accelerates the interdisciplinary of ultrafast THz optospintronics. However, one of the research highlights of ultrafast magnetism and the difficulty for further improving the spintronic THz emission productivity is how to efficiently reduce the energy consumption of all‐optical magnetitic manipulation and improve the optical spin injection efficiency. Here, it is demonstrated, for the first time, gold nanorods (GNRs) plasmonic resonances can effectively increase the THz emission from W/CoFeB/Pt heterostructures by 140%. Systematic investigations of THz yield dependences on pumping laser incidence directionality, polarization, and the GNRs dimension parameter conclusively manifest the surface plasmon resonance validity. Theoretical interpretations combined with Drude–Lorentz model and numerical simulations semiquantitatively reproduce the experimental results. The observations prove that THz efficiency can be improved by nanophotonic technologies and may also spark inspiration for developing functional nano‐THz optospintronic devices.
Low‐Threshold Exciton‐Polariton Condensation via Fast Polariton Relaxation in Organic Microcavities
Authors: Ishii Tomohiro , Miyata Kiyoshi , Mamada Masashi , Bencheikh Fatima , Mathevet Fabrice , Onda Ken , Kéna‐Cohen Stéphane , Adachi Chihaya
Published: November 2021

In organic microcavities, a macroscopic condensate of exciton‐polaritons can be formed at high‐exciton polariton densities. The threshold for forming this condensate is proportional to the relaxation rate from initially excited excitons to these polaritons and the lifetime of the lowest energy polariton states. Although the influence of the lower polariton (LP) lifetime on the threshold has been studied, the relationship between the polariton relaxation rate and the threshold has not been fully explored. In this study, a room‐temperature polariton condensate is demonstrated at a threshold pump fluence of 9.7 ± 0.1 µJ cm−2, in a microcavity containing 4,4″‐bis((E)‐4‐(3,6‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl))styryl)‐1,1″‐biphenyl (BSBCz‐EH). By using a semiclassical model to describe the polariton kinetics, it is revealed that this low threshold results from the rapid relaxation rate from the dark exciton reservoir to the set of the LP states forming the condensate, with an effective rateWep ≈ 2.0 × 10−5cm3s−1. These results show that accelerating polariton relaxation is possible and is an important factor for realizing low‐threshold polariton condensates.
Tunable Intracrystal Cavity in Tungsten Bronze‐Like Bimetallic Oxides for Electrochromic Energy Storage
Authors: Cai Guofa , Zhu Rui , Liu Shiyou , Wang Jinhui , Wei Congyuan , Griffith Kent J. , Jia Yu , Lee Pooi See
Published: November 2021

Designing materials with appropriate crystal and electronic structures to enhance ionic and electronic transport simultaneously are highly desirable for both electrochromic and electrochemical energy storage devices. It remains a great challenge to simultaneously meet these requirements. Here, a Nb18W16O93 nanomaterial is successfully synthesized with superstructure motifs and uniform self‐supported electrochromic films are prepared on a transparent conductive substrate. The results show that the films can effectively accommodate lithium ions and facilitate intercalation–deintercalation on transparent fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates at high current density. Mechanistic insights into the excellent electrochromic and rechargeable energy storage properties are provided by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Specifically, the Nb18W16O93 film displays a large optical modulation (up to 93% at 633 nm and 89% at 1200 nm), high coloration efficiency (105.6 cm2 C−1), high energy storage capacity (151.4 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1), excellent rate capability, and long‐term electrochemical stability (6000 cycles). As a demonstration of its application, an energy storage indicator is illustrated and a complementary electrochromic energy storage smart window is fabricated based on the Nb18W16O93 film. The results demonstrate that the Nb18W16O93 nanomaterial has a promising application in the field of high‐performance electrochromic and energy storage devices.
A Persistent Phosphanyl‐Substituted Thioketyl Radical Anion
Authors: Szych Lilian Sophie , Pilopp Yannic , Bresien Jonas , Villinger Alexander , Rabeah Jabor , Schulz Axel
Published: November 2021

Alkali metal salts, M+[Ter(iPr)P−C(=S)−P(iPr)2S].− (M=Na, K; 2_M; Ter=2,6‐bis‐(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)phenyl) containing a room‐temperature‐stable thioketyl radical anion were obtained by reduction of the thioketone precursor, Ter(iPr)P−C(=S)−P(iPr)2S (1), with alkali metals (Na, K). Single‐crystal X‐ray studies as well as EPR spectroscopy revealed the unequivocal existence of a thioketyl radical anion in the solid state and in solution, respectively. The computed Mulliken spin density within 2_M is mainly located at the sulfur (49 %) and the carbonyl carbon (33 %) atoms. Upon adding [2.2.2]‐cryptand to the radical species 2_K to minimize the interionic interaction, an activation reaction was observed, yielding a potassium salt with a phosphanyl thioether based anion, [K(crypt)]+[Ter(iPr)P−C(−S‐iPr)−P(iPr)2S]− (3) as the product of an intermolecular shift of an iPr group from a second anion. The products were fully characterized and application of the radical anion as a reducing agent was demonstrated.
Development and validation of LC–MS/MS method for amlexanox in rat plasma and its application in preclinical pharmacokinetics
Authors: Chen Dan , Du Kaixin , Niu Xiaochen , Zhang Hongwei , Zhang Xue , Tang Yu , Zhao Jianchun
Published: November 2021

Amlexanox, an anti‐inflammatory and anti‐allergic agent, has been widely used clinically for the treatment of canker sores, asthma, and allergic rhinitis. Recently, amlexanox has received considerable attention in curing nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases and hepatitis virus infection. Herein, we first established a sensitive high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrum (LC–MS/MS) method for the determination of amlexanox in rat plasma. Propranolol was used as the internal standard (IS). Using a simple protein precipitation method, the amlexanox and IS were separated with Capcell Pak C18 column (2.0 × 50 mm, 5 μm) and eluted with water and acetonitrile each containing 0.1% formic acid using gradient elution condition at a flow rate of 0.4 mL·min−1. Amlexanox and IS were detected by a triple quadrupole mass in multiple reactive monitoring (MRM) under the transitions of m/z 299.2 → 281.2 and m/z 259.9 → 116.1 with positive electrospray ionization, respectively. The calibration curves of amlexanox were established with the range of 50 to 2000 ng·mL−1 (r2 > 0.99). The validation method consisted of selectivity, accuracy, precision, carryover effect, matrix effect, recovery, dilution effect, and stability. The fully validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of amlexanox in Wistar rats.
Phase 1 trial of ADI‐PEG 20 and liposomal doxorubicin in patients with metastatic solid tumors
Authors: Yao Shuyang , Janku Filip , Koenig Kimberly , Tsimberidou Apostolia Maria , Piha‐Paul Sarina Anne , Shi Nai , Stewart John , Johnston Amanda , Bomalaski John , Meric‐Bernstam Funda , Fu Siqing
Published: November 2021

Background

Arginine depletion interferes with pyrimidine metabolism and DNA damage repair pathways. Preclinical data demonstrated that depletion of arginine by PEGylated arginine deiminase (ADI‐PEG 20) enhanced liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) cytotoxicity in cancer cells with argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1) deficiency. The objective of this study was to assess safety and tolerability of ADI‐PEG 20 and PLD in patients with metastatic solid tumors.

Methods

Patients with advanced ASS1‐deficient solid tumors were enrolled in this phase 1 trial of ADI‐PEG 20 and PLD following a 3 + 3 design. Eligible patients were given intravenous PLD biweekly and intramuscular (IM) ADI‐PEG 20 weekly. Toxicity and efficacy were evaluated according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 4.0) and Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (version 1.1), respectively.

Results

Of 15 enrolled patients, 9 had metastatic HER2‐negative breast carcinoma. We observed no dose‐limiting toxicities or treatment‐related deaths. One patient safely received 880 mg/m2 PLD in this study and 240 mg/m2 doxorubicin previously. Treatment led to stable disease in 9 patients and was associated with a median progression‐free survival time of 3.95 months in 15 patients. Throughout the duration of treatment, decreased arginine and increased citrulline levels in peripheral blood remained significant in a majority of patients. We detected no induction of anti‐ADI‐PEG 20 antibodies by week 8 in one third of patients.

Conclusion

Concurrent IM injection of ADI‐PEG 20 at 36 mg/m2 weekly and intravenous infusion of PLD at 20 mg/m2 biweekly had an acceptable safety profile in patients with advanced ASS1‐deficient solid tumors. Further evaluation of this combination is under discussion.
Pan‐cancer analyses reveal that increased Hedgehog activity correlates with tumor immunosuppression and resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Jiang Junjie , Ding Yongfeng , Chen Yanyan , Lu Jun , Chen Yiran , Wu Guanghao , Xu Nong , Wang Haiyong , Teng Lisong
Published: November 2021

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown numerous clinical benefits in multiple cancer types, but good predictive biomarkers are severely lacking. Although increasing evidence has linked Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway with tumor development, a systematic investigation for its potential as a biomarker remains elusive.

Methods

We collected and analyzed the transcriptional data and clinical outcomes of diverse cancers from the Cancer Genome Atlas and four published ICI datasets. Hh activity was estimated by conducting a single‐sample gene‐set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) for the Hh‐related genes and calculating the ssGSEA score in each tumor sample.

Results

Our findings suggest that tumors with high Hh activity displayed multiple immunosuppressive characteristics, including lack of anti‐tumor response pathways, downregulation of immune effectors, enrichment of immunosuppressive cells and chemokines, and activation of immunosuppressive signaling. Notably, patients in the non‐response group had enriched Hh activity and showed worse overall survival (OS; pooled HR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.02–2.21, p = 0.039). In the subgroup of high programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression, patients who harbored high Hh activity displayed a dramatically lower response rate to ICIs and a strikingly worse OS (pooled HR = 2.89, 95% CI = 1.53–5.49, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Increased Hh activity correlates with tumor immunosuppression across diverse cancers. Hh activity is not only a predictive biomarker for resistance to ICIs but can also better predict clinical outcomes in combination with PD‐L1 expression.
A screening assistance system for cervical cytology of squamous cell atypia based on a two‐step combined CNN algorithm with label smoothing
Authors: Nambu Yuta , Mariya Tasuku , Shinkai Shota , Umemoto Mina , Asanuma Hiroko , Sato Ikuma , Hirohashi Yoshihiko , Torigoe Toshihiko , Fujino Yuichi , Saito Tsuyoshi
Published: November 2021

Background

Although many cervical cytology diagnostic support systems have been developed, it is challenging to classify overlapping cell clusters with a variety of patterns in the same way that humans do. In this study, we developed a fast and accurate system for the detection and classification of atypical cell clusters by using a two‐step algorithm based on two different deep learning algorithms.

Methods

We created 919 cell images from liquid‐based cervical cytological samples collected at Sapporo Medical University and annotated them based on the Bethesda system as a dataset for machine learning. Most of the images captured overlapping and crowded cells, and images were oversampled by digital processing. The detection system consists of two steps: (1) detection of atypical cells using You Only Look Once v4 (YOLOv4) and (2) classification of the detected cells using ResNeSt. A label smoothing algorithm was used for the dataset in the second classification step. This method annotates multiple correct classes from a single cell image with a smooth probability distribution.

Results

The first step, cell detection by YOLOv4, was able to detect all atypical cells above ASC‐US without any observed false negatives. The detected cell images were then analyzed in the second step, cell classification by the ResNeSt algorithm, which exhibited average accuracy and F‐measure values of 90.5% and 70.5%, respectively. The oversampling of the training image and label smoothing algorithm contributed to the improvement of the system's accuracy.

Conclusion

This system combines two deep learning algorithms to enable accurate detection and classification of cell clusters based on the Bethesda system, which has been difficult to achieve in the past. We will conduct further research and development of this system as a platform for augmented reality microscopes for cytological diagnosis.
PD‐L1 expression is associated with the spontaneous regression of patients with methotrexate‐associated lymphoproliferative disorders
Authors: Gion Yuka , Doi Misato , Nishimura Yoshito , Ikeda Tomoka , Filiz Nishimura Midori , Sakamoto Misa , Egusa Yuria , Nishikori Asami , Fujita Azusa , Iwaki Noriko , Nakamura Naoya , Yoshino Tadashi , Sato Yasuharu
Published: November 2021

Background

Most patients with methotrexate‐associated lymphoproliferative disorder (MTX‐LPD) show diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) or classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) types. Patients with MTX‐LPD often have spontaneous remission after MTX discontinuation, but chemotherapeutic intervention is frequently required in patients with CHL‐type MTX‐LPD. In this study, we examined whether programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression levels were associated with the prognosis of MTX‐LPD after MTX discontinuation.

Methods

A total of 72 Japanese patients diagnosed with MTX‐LPD were clinicopathologically analyzed, and immunohistochemical staining of PD‐L1 was performed in 20 DLBCL‐type and 24 CHL‐type MTX‐LPD cases to compare with the clinical course.

Results

PD‐L1 was expressed in 5.0% (1/20) of patients with DLBCL‐type MTX‐LPD, whereas it was expressed in 66.7% (16/24) of the patients with CHL‐type MTX‐LPD in more than 51% of tumor cells. Most CHL‐type MTX‐LPD patients with high PD‐L1 expression required chemotherapy owing to exacerbations or relapses after MTX discontinuation. However, no significant differences in clinicopathologic findings at diagnosis were observed between PD‐L1 high‐ and low‐expression CHL‐type MTX‐LPD.

Conclusion

PD‐L1 expression was significantly higher in patients with CHL‐type than DLBCL‐type MTX‐LPD, suggesting the need for chemotherapy in addition to MTX discontinuation in CHL‐type MTX‐LPD patients to achieve complete remission. No association was observed between PD‐L1 expression levels and clinical findings at diagnosis, suggesting that PD‐L1 expression in tumor cells influences the pathogenesis of CHL‐type MTX‐LPD after MTX discontinuation.
Economic insecurity and compliance with the COVID‐19 restrictions
Authors: Normand Alice , Marot Medhi , Darnon Céline
Published: November 2021

The present research investigates economic insecurity as one potential determinant of citizens' compliance with restrictive policies implemented to combat the spread of the COVID‐19 virus. Two pre‐registered studies (NStudy 1 = 305; NStudy 2 = 175) were conducted in France during the second and the third wave of the pandemic to test correlational (Study 1) and causal (Study 2) links between economic insecurity, perceived constraints, and transgressions (self‐reported, Study 1; intended, Study 2). We hypothesized that the effect of economic insecurity is particularly strong for restrictions involving social affiliations (e.g., not meeting with friends and families). Results indicated that economic insecurity indeed increases perceived constraints and the tendency to transgress but for all types of restrictions (involving social affiliation or not). We propose that economic insecurity poses a threat to individuals' self‐agency, which triggers psychological reactance to any form of restrictions on individual freedom.
Heat and mass transport performance of MHD elastico‐viscous fluid flow over a vertically oriented magnetized surface with magnetic and thermo diffusions
Authors: Singh Jitendra K. , Seth Gauri S.
Published: November 2021

The key objective in this study is to examine the heat and mass transport behavior of magnetohydrodynamic elastic‐viscous fluid flow over a vertically oriented magnetized surface placed in a uniform permeable regime with magnetic and thermo diffusions. The fluid is partially ionized and permeated to flow in the presence of a strong magnetic field domain. Hence the Hall current effect is considered in this investigation. The significance of rotation and induced magnetic field on the flowing nature are also scrutinized in this study. The mathematical model of the problem is converted to a similar model by introducing suitable nondimensional variables. To obtain the closed‐form solutions of the flow leading equations, the regular perturbation analysis is utilized. For the exhibition of results, figures and tables are generated with the assistance of scientific computation software MATHEMATICA. Computed results are validated with the existing result in the limiting case. Such an investigation is important in evaluating the flow characteristics of low magnetic diffusive viscoelastic fluid. A noteworthy result seen is that magnetic diffusion significantly controls the fluid flow by altering the magnetic drag force. Mass diffusion factor brings an increase in the fluid velocity. Furthermore, we observed that the surface current density along the principal flow direction is significantly reduced by magnetic diffusion and mass diffusion factor.
Impact of agricultural water management interventions on upstream–downstream trade‐offs in the upper Cauvery catchment, southern India: a modelling study*
Authors: Wable Pawan S. , Garg Kaushal K. , Nune Rajesh , Venkataradha Akuraju , KH Anantha , Srinivasan Veena , Ragab Ragab , Rowan John , Keller Virginie , Majumdar Pradeep , Rees Gwyn , Singh Ramesh , Dixit Sreenath
Published: November 2021

The Cauvery basin in southern India is experiencing transboundary issues due to increasing water demand. This study analysed water balance components and the impact of agricultural water management (AWM) interventions in the upper Cauvery catchment of the Cauvery basin. Results showed that the study catchment receives an average of 1280 mm of annual rainfall. Of this, 29% (370 mm) flows downstream, 54% (700 mm) contributes to evapotranspiration (ET) and 17% (215 mm) contributes to groundwater recharge and surface storage. Rainfall varies from 700 to 5400 mm and the Western Ghats (mountain pass) are the main source of freshwater generation. The estimated ET in different catchments ranged from 500 to 900 mm per annum. An increase in the allocation of fresh water supplied by all three reservoirs (Hemavathi, Harangi and KRS) was observed in the canal command areas, from 1450 million cubic metres (MCM) yr‾¹ in 1971–1980 to 3800 MCM yr‾¹ in 2001–2010. AWM interventions harvested 140–160 MCM (13–20 mm) of surface runoff upstream of the upper Cauvery and reduced inflow into the Krishnaraja Sagar reservoir by 2–6%. The study findings are useful for designing and planning suitable water management interventions at basin scale.
Parathyroid Hormone‐Related Protein Inhibition Blocks Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer Expansion in Bone Through Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition Reversal
Authors: Li Jiarong , Camirand Anne , Zakikhani Mahvash , Sellin Karine , Guo Yubo , Luan XiaoRui , Mihalcioiu Catalin , Kremer Richard
Published: November 2021

Parathyroid hormone‐related protein (PTHrP) plays a major role in skeletal metastasis but its action mechanism has not been fully defined. We previously demonstrated the crucial importance of PTHrP in promoting mammary tumor initiation, growth, and metastasis in a mouse model with a mammary epithelium‐targeted Pthlh gene ablation. We demonstrate here a novel mechanism for bone invasion involving PTHrP induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells (CSCs) regulation. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)‐mediated Pthlh gene ablation was used to study EMT markers, phenotype, and invasiveness in two triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell types (established MDA‐MB‐231 and patient‐derived PT‐TNBC cells). In vitro, Pthlh ablation in TNBC cells reduced EMT markers, mammosphere‐forming ability, and CD44high/CD24low cells ratio. In vivo, cells were injected intratibially into athymic nude mice, and therapeutic treatment with our anti‐PTHrP blocking antibody was started 2 weeks after skeletal tumors were established. In vivo, compared to control, lytic bone lesion from Pthlh ‐ablated cells decreased significantly over 2 weeks by 27% for MDA‐MB‐231 and by 75% for PT‐TNBC‐injected mice (p < 0.001). Micro‐CT (μCT) analyses also showed that antibody therapy reduced bone lytic volume loss by 52% and 48% for non‐ablated MDA‐MB‐231 and PT‐TNBC, respectively (p < 0.05). Antibody therapy reduced skeletal tumor burden by 45% and 87% for non‐ablated MDA‐MB‐231 and PT‐TNBC, respectively (p < 0.002) and caused a significant decrease of CSC/EMT markers ALDH1, vimentin, and Slug, and an increase in E‐cadherin in bone lesions. We conclude that PTHrP is a targetable EMT molecular driver and suggest that its pharmacological blockade can provide a potential therapeutic approach against established TNBC‐derived skeletal lesions. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Interleukin-1 Is Overexpressed in Injured Muscles Following Spinal Cord Injury and Promotes Neurogenic Heterotopic Ossification
Authors: Tseng Hsu-Wen , Kulina Irina , Girard Dorothée , Gueguen Jules , Vaquette Cedryck , Salga Marjorie , Fleming Whitney , Jose Beulah , Millard Susan M , Pettit Allison R , Schroder Kate , Thomas Gethin , Wheeler Lawrie , Genêt François , Banzet Sébastien , Alexander Kylie A , Lévesque Jean-Pierre
Published: November 2021

Neurogenic heterotopic ossifications (NHOs) form in periarticular muscles after severe spinal cord (SCI) and traumatic brain injuries. The pathogenesis of NHO is poorly understood with no effective preventive treatment. The only curative treatment remains surgical resection of pathological NHOs. In a mouse model of SCI-induced NHO that involves a transection of the spinal cord combined with a muscle injury, a differential gene expression analysis revealed that genes involved in inflammation such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were overexpressed in muscles developing NHO. Using mice knocked-out for the gene encoding IL-1 receptor (IL1R1) and neutralizing antibodies for IL-1α and IL-1β, we show that IL-1 signaling contributes to NHO development after SCI in mice. Interestingly, other proteins involved in inflammation that were also overexpressed in muscles developing NHO, such as colony-stimulating factor-1, tumor necrosis factor, or C-C chemokine ligand-2, did not promote NHO development. Finally, using NHO biopsies from SCI and TBI patients, we show that IL-1β is expressed by CD68+ macrophages. IL-1α and IL-1β produced by activated human monocytes promote calcium mineralization and RUNX2 expression in fibro-adipogenic progenitors isolated from muscles surrounding NHOs. Altogether, these data suggest that interleukin-1 promotes NHO development in both humans and mice. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Muscle Strength and Physical Performance Improve Fracture Risk Prediction Beyond Garvan and FRAX: The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study
Authors: Alajlouni Dima , Tran Thach , Bliuc Dana , Blank Robert D , Cawthon Peggy M , Orwoll Eric S , Center Jacqueline R
Published: November 2021

Muscle strength and physical performance are associated with fracture risk in men. However, it is not known whether these measurements enhance fracture prediction beyond Garvan and FRAX tools. A total of 5665 community-dwelling men, aged ≥65 years, from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study, who had data on muscle strength (grip strength) and physical performance (gait speed and chair stand tests), were followed from 2000 to 2019 for any fracture, major osteoporotic fracture (MOF), initial hip, and any hip fracture. The contributions to different fracture outcomes were assessed using Cox's proportional hazard models. Tool-specific analysis approaches and outcome definitions were used. The added predictive values of muscle strength and physical performance beyond Garvan and FRAX were assessed using categorical net reclassification improvement (NRI) and relative importance analyses. During a median follow-up of 13 (interquartile range 7–17) years, there were 1014 fractures, 536 MOFs, 215 initial hip, and 274 any hip fractures. Grip strength and chair stand improved prediction of any fracture (NRI for grip strength 3.9% and for chair stand 3.2%) and MOF (5.2% and 6.1%). Gait speed improved prediction of initial hip (5.7%) and any hip (7.0%) fracture. Combining grip strength and the relevant performance test further improved the models (5.7%, 8.9%, 9.4%, and 7.0% for any, MOF, initial, and any hip fractures, respectively). The improvements were predominantly driven by reclassification of those with fracture to higher risk categories. Apart from age and femoral neck bone mineral density, muscle strength and performance were ranked equal to or better than the other risk factors included in fracture models, including prior fractures, falls, smoking, alcohol, and glucocorticoid use. Muscle strength and performance measurements improved fracture risk prediction in men beyond Garvan and FRAX. They were as or more important than other established risk factors. These measures should be considered for inclusion in fracture risk assessment tools. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Toward universal substituent constants: Transferability of group descriptors from the quantum theory of atoms in molecules
Authors: Lefrancois‐Gagnon Kevin M. , Mawhinney Robert C.
Published: November 2021

Traditionally, substituents are described not by their intrinsic properties, but by their effect elsewhere in a molecule. However, the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) provides a route to intrinsic substituent descriptors. Ideally, these descriptors would exhibit minimal change as the local environment changes, and hence be considered transferable. Whether this is true is an open question. Here, we evaluated the transferability of QTAIM functional group descriptors for 117 functional groups in a series of 17 substrates to determine whether descriptors obtained using hydrogen as substrate are transferable. The functional group volume has a strong, consistent, linear relationship throughout. All other hydrogen‐based group descriptors exhibit a relatively strong linear relationship with those in carbon‐based substrates and a reasonable linear relationship with those in non‐carbon‐based substrates. Outliers are readily interpretable in terms of substrate induced functional group geometry changes. As expected, directional descriptors lying along the substituent‐substrate axis are the least conserved.
Mindfulness and meaningfulness in managing knowledge: A theoretical model
Authors: Rechberg Isabel D. W.
Published: November 2021

In the theoretical construct developed here, mindfulness and meaningfulness are introduced as valuable antecedents for managing knowledge at work. A comprehensive module to practice knowledge management (KM) through mindfulness and meaningfulness is developed through an extensive literature review. Individuals who are the source of all knowledge can draw on mindfulness and meaningfulness in order to facilitate their knowledge creation and knowledge sharing abilities. Integrating mindfulness and meaningfulness into the development of KM initiatives at work further amplifies individuals' mindful and meaningful creation and share of knowledge. This study is the first of its kind to shed light on the theoretical foundations of the positive impact of mindfulness on knowledge processing, and in accord with meaningfulness, this is the first study to address the importance of mindful and meaningful KM practices to enable knowledge sharing and creation. Suggestions for practitioners seeking to establish mindful and meaningful KM practices are discussed and further research proposed.
Project‐based work in times of COVID‐19: A dynamic framework for knowledge exchange
Authors: Abualqumboz Moheeb
Published: November 2021

Knowledge exchange is the key to help knowledge‐intensive firms (KIFs) innovate and communicate with their clients. However, during the COVID‐19 pandemic, many assumptions have been challenged, and as a consequence, this study aims to investigate the effect of the pandemic on knowledge exchange processes in KIFs and how firms responded to the pressing challenges that consequently emerged. This study illustrates how KIFs managed to navigate through the pandemic and exchanged knowledge with their clients in a new dynamic landscape despite the challenges that affected their client base and knowledge workers alike. Using multiple data sources, including 27 interviews, observation, informal conversations, and virtual guided tours, the article provides a three‐phase framework with the assistance of a simplified process lens. The framework phases (disharmony, normalisation, and harmony) illustrate how KIFs responded to the challenges, developed capabilities, and provided support.
Imprint of overgrazing on the soil and vegetation of fertility islands in the degraded succulent Karoo, South Africa
Authors: Saaed Muniem W. , Jacobs Shayne M. , Masubelele Mmoto L. , Samuels Igshaan M. , Khomo Lesego
Published: November 2021

Islands of fertility (IOF) emerge when vegetation exerts such a considerable influence on soil properties that sub‐canopies become significantly more fertile than inter‐canopies. How confounding phenomena such as grazing patterns, seedbank dynamics and temporal changes impact IOF, has not been thoroughly examined. Soil and vegetation characteristics of 43 IOF in the Tankwa Karoo were surveyed along a rainfall gradient spanning three plant communities. Sixteen were in the Tankwa Karoo (TK) plant community, 14 in the Tankwa Wash (TW) and 13 in the Tankwa Escarpment (TE). The IOF were identified from aerial photos as clumps of shrubs separated by bare patches. Soils were described in 2014 and the seedbank composition in 2014 and 2015. Concentrations of nutrients, carbon and sodium were measured in IOF less than 5 years, 5–15 years and 30 years liberated from livestock grazing. Electrical conductivity, clay, nitrogen and carbon were the only soil properties that were significantly different from IOF to bare patch. The seedbank in IOF was identical to that in the bare patches. There was no significant difference in IOF versus bare patch nutrient concentrations in the three sampling locations. The soil in IOF was richer, more fertile and had a better structure than the soil in bare patches between IOF. There was a sharp turnover in seedbank composition in the two, drought‐ridden years. Longer grazing exclusion did not influence the nutrient concentrations. Findings here suggest that IOF are dynamic in space and time and are essential elements of landscape heterogeneity with critical ecosystem services. They should hence be managed and monitored to sustain them in landscapes to reverse their degradation, despite being the result of degradation.
An MDS Evidence‐Based Review on Treatments for Huntington's Disease
Authors: Ferreira Joaquim J. , Rodrigues Filipe B. , Duarte Gonçalo S. , Mestre Tiago A. , Bachoud‐Levi Anne‐Catherine , Bentivoglio Anna Rita , Burgunder Jean‐Marc , Cardoso Francisco , Claassen Daniel O. , Landwehrmeyer G. Bernard , Kulisevsky Jaime , Nirenberg Melissa J. , Rosser Anne , Roth Jan , Seppi Klaus , Slawek Jaroslaw , Furr‐Stimming Erin , Tabrizi Sarah J. , Walker Francis O. , Vandenberghe Wim , Costa João , Sampaio Cristina
Published: November 2021

Background

Huntington's disease (HD) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder with protean clinical manifestations. Its management is challenging, consisting mainly of off‐label treatments.

Objectives

The International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society commissioned a task force to review and evaluate the evidence of available therapies for HD gene expansion carriers.

Methods

We followed the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Eligible randomized controlled trials were identified via an electronic search of the CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases. All eligible trials that evaluated one or more of 33 predetermined clinical questions were included. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. A framework was adapted to allow for efficacy and safety conclusions to be drawn from the balance between the GRADE level of evidence and the importance of the benefit/harm of the intervention.

Results

Twenty‐two eligible studies involving 17 interventions were included, providing data to address 8 clinical questions. These data supported a likely effect of deutetrabenazine on motor impairment, chorea, and dystonia and of tetrabenazine on chorea. The data did not support a disease‐modifying effect for premanifest and manifest HD. There was no eligible evidence to support the use of specific treatments for depression, psychosis, irritability, apathy, or suicidality. Similarly, no evidence was eligible to support the use of physiotherapy, occupational therapy, exercise, dietary, or surgical treatments.

Conclusions

Data for therapeutic interventions in HD are limited and support only the use of VMAT2 inhibitors for specific motor symptoms. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
LCP: Simple Representation of Docking Poses for Machine Learning: A Case Study on Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors
Authors: Kawai Kentaro , Asanuma Yoshitaka , Kato Toshiki , Karuo Yukiko , Tarui Atsushi , Sato Kazuyuki , Omote Masaaki
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we propose a simple descriptor called the ligand coordinate profile (LCP) for describing docking poses. The LCP descriptor is generated from the coordinates of the polar hydrogen and heavy atoms of the docked ligand. We hypothesize that the prediction of binding poses can be enhanced through the combination of machine learning methods with the LCP descriptor. Two docking programs were used to predict ligand docking against xanthine oxidase. Four machine learning methods‐k‐nearest neighbors, random forest, support vector machine, and LightGBM‐were used to determine whether machine learning‐based models could be used to accurately identify the correct binding poses. Regardless of the machine learning method employed, the LCP descriptor demonstrated improved performance compared to the existing descriptor. The results of the leave‐one‐pdb‐out approach revealed that the influence of the pose descriptor was also significant, as demonstrated through cross‐validation. When evaluated using top‐N metrics, the machine learning models were generally more effective than the docking programs. In addition, the LCP‐based models outperformed those based on the existing descriptor. The results obtained in this study suggest that our proposed binding pose descriptor is effective for improving the docking accuracy of xanthine oxidase inhibitors.