bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Food Insecurity among College Students Differs by Questionnaire Modality: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Nikolaus Cassandra J. , Ellison Brenna , Nickols-Richardson Sharon M.
Published: December 2019

Objectives: Literature suggests that college (ie, post-secondary) students experience food insecurity (FI) at alarming rates. However, the commonly used FI questionnaires have undergone limited evaluations for accuracy in this sub-population. The objective of this exploratory
study was to evaluate if FI estimates among college students differ by survey distribution modality. Methods: A test-retest study was conducted from October to December 2017. A random sample of undergraduate students (N = 343) participated in an online survey. After completing the survey,
a random sample of these students (N = 66; 29%) completed the same items in paper-and-pencil format. Responses were compared with percent agreement and kappa (κ) coefficients. Results: Students were less likely to affirm each item on paper-and-pencil questionnaires. Percent agreement
ranged from 71.2% to 96.9% across items, and κ coefficients ranged from poor to fair. FI prevalence differed by 15% between online and paper-and-pencil assessments (40.9% and 25.8%, respectively). Percent agreement for FI categorization was 75.8% and κ=0.47. Conclusions:
Differing survey modalities resulted in varying FI classifications in a sample of under-graduate students. Though limited by size and representativeness, this supports the need for further testing of FI surveys, as accurate FI estimates are essential to serving college students.
Análisis de la adicción al smartphone en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Romero Rodríguez José María , Aznar Díaz Inmaculada
Published: December 2019

Los smartphones son el dispositivo móvil más utilizado por parte de la población. Su uso se ha intensificado en los últimos años, dando lugar a comportamientos adictivos entre los más jóvenes. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron evaluar el grado de adicción al smartphone, determinar los factores sociodemográficos que influyen en la adicción y en la autoestima y establecer la correlación entre estas dos variables. La muestra se compuso por estudiantes universitarios de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Granada (N = 385), con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 46 años (M = 24,08; DT = 5,00). Se utilizó una metodología cuantitativa aplicando dos escalas estandarizadas internacionalmente. Los hallazgos del estudio confirmaron un grado medio-alto en la adicción al smartphone, la influencia del tiempo de uso en la adicción al smartphone y la edad y la titulación académica como factores influyentes en la autoestima. Por otro lado, el modelo de ecuación estructural mostró una correlación negativa entre la adicción al smartphone y la autoestima. Finalmente, los datos obtenidos alertan del mal uso que los estudiantes universitarios le están dando a los dispositivos móviles y de la necesidad de implementar medidas para evitar comportamientos adictivos.

Smartphones are the mobile device most used by the population. Its use has intensified in recent years, leading to addictive behaviours among younger people. The objectives of this paper were to evaluate the degree of smartphone addiction, determine the sociodemographic factors that influence addiction and self-esteem, and establish the correlation between these two variables. The sample was made up of university students from the Faculty of Education Sciences of the University of Granada (N = 385), aged between 18 and 46 (M = 24.08; DT = 5.00). A quantitative methodology was used applying two internationally standardized scales. The study findings confirmed a medium-high degree in smartphone addiction, the influence of usage time on smartphone addiction and age and academic degree as factors influencing self-esteem. On the other hand, the structural equation model showed a negative correlation between smartphone addiction and self-esteem. Finally, the data obtained warns of the misuse that university students are giving to mobile devices and the need to implement measures to prevent addictive behaviour.
An mRNA-binding channel in the ES6S region of the translation 48S-PIC promotes RNA unwinding and scanning
Authors: Díaz-López Irene , Toribio René , Berlanga Juan José , Ventoso Iván
Published: December 2019

Loading of mRNA onto the ribosomal 43S pre-initiation complex (PIC) and its subsequent scanning require the removal of the secondary structure of the by RNA helicases such as eIF4A. However, the topology and mechanics of the scanning complex bound to mRNA (48S-PIC) and the influence of its solvent-side composition on the scanning process are poorly known. Here, we found that the ES6S region of the 48S-PIC constitutes an extended binding channel for eIF4A-mediated unwinding of mRNA and scanning. Blocking ES6S inhibited the cap-dependent translation of mRNAs that have structured 5′ UTRs (including G-quadruplexes), many of which are involved in signal transduction and growth, but it did not affect IRES-driven translation. Genome-wide analysis of mRNA translation revealed a great diversity in ES6S-mediated scanning dependency. Our data suggest that mRNA threading into the ES6S region makes scanning by 48S PIC slower but more processive. Hence, we propose a topological and functional model of the scanning 48S-PIC.
Modulating FOXO3 transcriptional activity by small, DBD-binding molecules
Authors: Hagenbuchner Judith , Obsilova Veronika , Kaserer Teresa , Kaiser Nora , Rass Bettina , Psenakova Katarina , Docekal Vojtech , Alblova Miroslava , Kohoutova Klara , Schuster Daniela , Aneichyk Tatsiana , Vesely Jan , Obexer Petra , Obsil Tomas , Ausserlechner Michael J
Published: December 2019

FOXO transcription factors are critical regulators of cell homeostasis and steer cell death, differentiation and longevity in mammalian cells. By combined pharmacophore-modeling-based in silico and fluorescence polarization-based screening we identified small molecules that physically interact with the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of FOXO3 and modulate the FOXO3 transcriptional program in human cells. The mode of interaction between compounds and the FOXO3-DBD was assessed via NMR spectroscopy and docking studies. We demonstrate that compounds S9 and its oxalate salt S9OX interfere with FOXO3 target promoter binding, gene transcription and modulate the physiologic program activated by FOXO3 in cancer cells. These small molecules prove the druggability of the FOXO-DBD and provide a structural basis for modulating these important homeostasis regulators in normal and malignant cells.
Neurotrophins induce fission of mitochondria along embryonic sensory axons
Authors: Armijo-Weingart Lorena , Ketschek Andrea , Sainath Rajiv , Pacheco Almudena , Smith George M , Gallo Gianluca
Published: December 2019

Neurotrophins are growth factors that have a multitude of roles in the nervous system. We report that neurotrophins induce the fission of mitochondria along embryonic chick sensory axons driven by combined PI3K and Mek-Erk signaling. Following an initial burst of fission, a new steady state of neurotrophin-dependent mitochondria length is established. Mek-Erk controls the activity of the fission mediator Drp1 GTPase, while PI3K may contribute to the actin-dependent aspect of fission. Drp1-mediated fission is required for nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced collateral branching in vitro and expression of dominant negative Drp1 impairs the branching of axons in the developing spinal cord in vivo. Fission is also required for NGF-induced mitochondria-dependent intra-axonal translation of the actin regulatory protein cortactin, a previously determined component of NGF-induced branching. Collectively, these observations unveil a novel biological function of neurotrophins; the regulation of mitochondrial fission and steady state mitochondrial length and density in axons.
Common Sense, No Magic: A Case Study of Female Child Murderers in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Reeh Tine , Hemmingsen Ralf
Published: December 2019

This article presents the results of a psychiatric and church-historical analysis of the substantial court records from 21 cases of female child murderers in eighteenth-century Denmark-Norway. We investigated, first, the appearance of mental aspects in the cases and if they allowed for a retrospective clinical hypothesis regarding the mental state of the offender. Second, traces of theological or religious elements and third, trends or developments in the cases from 1697–1758 were considered. After an introduction to the legal framework, we present six cases with mental aspects, comprising existential death wish, depression, acute stress disorder, polymorphic psychosis, psychotic state and personality disorder to illustrate findings regarding the murderers’ mental states. Religious elements and developments proved hard to find. The results of the analysis point to social and mental rather than religious causative factors for the murders. To some degree they resemble present-day “suicide by cop” or homicides committed by mentally ill persons. This calls for a modification of the theory of so-called suicide murders and a religious or particularly Lutheran component in this regard. The in-depth analysis indicates that court procedures were perfectly commonsense and included mental aspects but seldom religion – and no magic.
Travel back to school: use of humour in intertwining of objective authenticity and staged experiences
Authors: Turnsek Maja , Zupančič Tatjana , Pavlakovič Barbara
Published: December 2019

From living museums to heritage escape rooms, edutainment is becoming a norm in interpretation of heritage, yet not much is known, of the specific role humour plays in the creation and performance of such educational products. This paper explores concepts of authenticity, functions of humour and experience design dimensions on an in-depth case study of a tourism product. The product “Smart Head Primary School” is a re-enactment of teaching as it occurred in the 1950’s in Slovenia. It gained a high extent of popularity primarily due to its extensive inclusion of humour. The product uses the role of a strict teacher to interpret to the “pupils” (visitors) the prime elements of the regions’ heritage. To analyse the intertwining of humour with heritage interpretation, the authors combine two research methods: (a) the in-depth analysis of a transcribed video-recording of a sample performance including the self-analysis and the reflections by one of the “teachers” and (b) a survey distributed to the visitors of the product. The results show that with the use of humour, visitors are able to perceive and recognize the difference between objective and constructive authenticity more effectively.
The Development of Critical Thinking for Undergraduate Students: A Case Study in Vietnam
Authors: Thu Ha Nguyen
Published: December 2019

In several decades recently, critical thinking is a high-ranked cognitive ability which plays a very important role in improving the effectiveness of teaching and learning activities. With the peculiarity of tertiary education which provides training and preparation for students before entering the career world of their choice, the development of critical thinking becomes more necessary and inevitable in order to perfect the students' learning and working ability. The development of critical thinking for students has been paid attention in Vietnamese education system to support students to better their thinking capability.
Pedogeomorphological Categorization of Selected Soils in Mbogo - Komtonga Irrigation Scheme, Mvomero District, Morogoro Region, Tanzania
Authors: Makoi Joachim H. J. R. , Mmbaga Halima
Published: December 2019

Pedogeomorphological categorization of selected soil profiles developed on alluvial deposits in Mbogo - Komtonga traditional irrigation scheme, Mvomero District in Morogoro Region, was carried out during February 2017. Using standard grids, pedogeomorphic approach and standard manuals, detailed soil survey was conducted which enabled delineation of soil mapping units from which the representative profiles were identified, described and sampled. Eighteen samples were collected at a depth of 0–30 cm and from each horizon of the selected soil Master pits and analyzed for physico – chemical characterization. Based on FAO soil survey system of classification, the representative profiles were classified as Eutric Fluvisols and/or Eutric Cambisols. The pedon was deep to moderately deep, well to moderately well drained, with brownish black clay top soils or dull yellowish brown soil colors with sub soils stratified with fS, C, CL and SCL. Top soil pH was strongly to medium acid to medium or slightly acid sub soils. OC showed no decline in soil quality. N was very low to low, P and K levels were medium to low or very low; CEC was high to very high in all the profiles. Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the top soils were high to very high and very low or low to medium in the sub soils. Na+ was rated as low to medium in the top soils of all profiles and low to very low in the sub soils. Base saturation was > 50% and was rated as high. Topsoil Bd and total porosity were ideal to medium. AWC was medium and water storage capacity (AWSC) was good and sufficient for paddy production and other upland crops. These results suggest that where the soil parameters were low to very low as for N, P and SOM should be included in the overall soil fertility management program. Soil reaction may be regulated during irrigation development by provision of sufficient drainage, discharge and flood control structures and minimum application of lime if required.
Ocular Diseases in HIV-positive Patients in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria
Authors: O. Arowolo Modupe , Awoyesuku Elizabeth A. , Pedro-Egbe Chinyere N.
Published: December 2019

Aims: To determine the pattern of ocular disorders in HIV-positive patients in a tertiary ospital in Nigeria.

Study Design: A cross-sectional hospital based study on confirmed HIV positive adult patients attending the HIV clinic in University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital.

Duration of Study:  November and December 2011.

Methodology: Consecutive patients within the inclusion criteria were recruited until the required sample size was met. The visual acuity was tested using the Snellen’s chart and the illiterate E-chart. Ocular examination of the adnexial and anterior segments were done using a pen torch and a slit lamp biomicroscope. Fundoscopy was done using a direct and indirect ophthalmoscope as well as with a 90D lens. Other information such as CD4 count and HIV serotype were retrieved from the patient’s case notes. The data was analysed using EPI-info version 7.0. Statistical methods such as the frequency and chi-square were used to test the significance of association. Level of significance was drawn at P<0.05.

Results: A total of 411 patients were enrolled in this study. The age range was between 18-69 years with a mean age of 36.9 years. There was a female preponderance with a male to female ratio of 1:2. Ocular disorders were seen in 37.1% of patients studied. The commonest manifestation was the ocular adnexial manifestation and conjunctival microvasculopathy ranked highest (15.6%) in this group. Herpes zoster ophthalmicus was seen in 5 (1.2%) patients, presumed squamous cell carcinoma in 12(2.9%) and Kaposi sarcoma in 3(0.7%). Chorioretinitis was found in 12(2.9%), retinal microvasculopathy in 19(4.6%) and maculopathy in 15(3.6%). There was no case of CMV retinitis.

Conclusion: Ocular findings seen in HIV- positive patients were mostly adnexial and occurred in 37% of the study population.
Development and Validation of Analytical Method for Determination of an Important Flavonoid in Malva neglecta
Authors: Nayeem Akmal Naira , Imran Mohd. , Ali Mujtaba Mohammad
Published: December 2019

Development of genuine and dependable analytical methods which profile marker phytoconstituents in   an extract containing a mixture of several components is a challenging task. A simple, rapid, precise, and reliable HPLC method was developed for quantification of quercetin from the methanolic extract of Malva neglecta. The estimation was carried out using Phenomenex Gemini-NX-5 µm C18 .The parameters  considered for validation were accuracy, precision, linearity and robustness. The calibration curve was found to be linear in a concentration range of 20–100 μg/mL.The correlation coefficient was r2=0.9996. The % average recovery of quercetin was found to be in the range of 99.82 to 100.52% which was within the acceptance criterion indicating the accuracy of the method. The results of the robustness study indicated that there is no influence of minor changes. The developed and validated method can be successfully used for the determination of quercetin in Malva neglecta; thereby helping in authentication and quality control of this plant.
Severe white matter damage in SHANK3 deficiency: a human and translational study
Authors: Jesse Sarah , Müller Hans‐Peter , Schoen Michael , Asoglu Harun , Bockmann Juergen , Huppertz Hans‐Juergen , Rasche Volker , Ludolph Albert C. , Boeckers Tobias M. , Kassubek Jan
Published: December 2019

Objective

Heterozygous SHANK3 mutations or partial deletions of the long arm of chromosome 22, also known as Phelan–McDermid syndrome, result in a syndromic form of the autism spectrum as well as in global developmental delay, intellectual disability, and several neuropsychiatric comorbidities. The exact pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the disease are still far from being deciphered but studies of SHANK3 models have contributed to the understanding of how the loss of the synaptic protein SHANK3 affects neuronal function.

Methods and results

Diffusion tensor imaging‐based and automatic volumetric brain mapping were performed in 12 SHANK3‐deficient participants (mean age 19 ± 15 years) versus 14 age‐ and gender‐matched controls (mean age 29 ± 5 years). Using whole brain–based spatial statistics, we observed a highly significant pattern of white matter alterations in participants with SHANK3 mutations with focus on the long association fiber tracts, particularly the uncinate tract and the inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus. In contrast, only subtle gray matter volumetric abnormalities were detectable. In a back‐translational approach, we observed similar white matter alterations in heterozygous isoform–specific Shank3 knockout (KO) mice. Here, in the baseline data sets, the comparison of Shank3 heterozygous KO vs wildtype showed significant fractional anisotropy reduction of the long fiber tract systems in the KO model. The multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) analysis by DTI and volumetry demonstrated a pathology pattern with severe white matter alterations and only subtle gray matter changes in the animal model.

Interpretation

In summary, these translational data provide strong evidence that the SHANK3‐deficiency–associated pathomechanism presents predominantly with a white matter disease. Further studies should concentrate on the role of SHANK3 during early axonal pathfinding/wiring and in myelin formation.
Surface Plasmonic‐Assisted Photocatalysis and Optoelectronic Devices with Noble Metal Nanocrystals: Design, Synthesis, and Applications
Authors: Zada Amir , Muhammad Pir , Ahmad Waqas , Hussain Zahid , Ali Sharafat , Khan Maaz , Khan Qasim , Maqbool Muhammad
Published: December 2019

The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of noble metals is known to improve the efficiency of various processes and devices. The photocatalytic process is the production of fuels and storage of solar photons in chemical bonds without imposing harmful threats to the environment. Photovoltaics are other devices utilizing solar energy for electrical energy. Similarly, other optoelectronic devices like photodetectors absorb photons and convert it into charges via electron–hole dissociation processes. In contrast, light‐emitting optoelectronic devices work based on the phenomenon of charge recombination to produce light. All these devices, however, have efficiency limitations, which impede the application of novel functional materials in these devices. A more direct approach is the utilization of noble metals and their complexes, which significantly enhance the efficiencies of these devices by SPR. This article highlights recent works and applications of noble metals by SPR‐enhanced photocatalysis for hydrogen evolution from water, CO2 conversion into useful compounds, and oxidation of hazardous pollutants. In addition, the plasmon‐enhancement of optoelectronic devices is summarized. Several possible mechanisms that have been previously reported in the literature are discussed in this work, with particular emphasis on different features of these mechanisms involving devices that are not highlighted and therefore need more attention.
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation and Recording of Brain Activity using Freestanding Plant‐Based Conducting Polymer Hydrogel Composites
Authors: Spyropoulos George D. , Savarin Jeremy , Gomez Eliot F. , Simon Daniel T. , Berggren Magnus , Gelinas Jennifer N. , Stavrinidou Eleni , Khodagholy Dion
Published: December 2019

Transcranial electrical stimulation is a noninvasive neurostimulation technique with a wide range of therapeutic applications. However, current electrode materials are typically not optimized for this abiotic/biotic interface which requires high charge capacity, operational stability, and conformability. Here, a plant‐based composite electrode material based on the combination of aloe vera (AV) hydrogel and a conducting polymer (CP; poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate, PEDOT:PSS) is reported. This material system is fabricated into films and provides biocompatibility, conformability, and stability, while offering desirable electrical properties of the PEDOT:PSS. AVCP films are also molded onto the rough surface of the skull leading to a mechanically stable and robust interface. The in vivo efficacy of the AVCP films is verified to function as stimulating and recording electrodes by placing them on the skull of a rat and concomitantly inducing focal seizures and acquiring the evoked neural activity. AVCP films pave the way for high‐quality biological interfaces that are broadly applicable and can facilitate advances in closed‐loop responsive stimulation devices.
Genetic Hallmarks and Heterogeneity of Glioblastoma in the Single‐Cell Omics Era
Authors: Degl'Innocenti Andrea , di Leo Nicoletta , Ciofani Gianni
Published: December 2019

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common and aggressive malignant primary brain tumor. As implied by its name, the disease displays impressive intrinsic heterogeneity. Among other complications, inter‐ and intratumoral diversity hamper glioblastoma research and therapy, typically leaving patients with little hope for long‐term survival. Extensive genetic analyses, including omics, characterize several recurrent mutations. However, confounding factors mask crucial aspects of the pathology to conventional bulk approaches. In recent years, single‐cell omics have made their first appearance in cancer research, and the methodology is about to reach its full potential for glioblastoma too. Here, recent glioblastoma single‐cell omics investigations are reviewed, and most promising routes toward less grim prognoses and more efficient therapeutics are discussed.
Fluorometric Imaging for Early Diagnosis and Prognosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Lee Jeong Heon , Jung Sang Youn , Park G. Kate , Bao Kai , Hyun Hoon , El Fakhri Georges , Choi Hak Soo
Published: December 2019

Early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progress are of significant importance in the effective treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), because the continuing inflammation can lead to irreversible joint damage and systemic complications. However, applying imaging modalities for the prognosis of RA remains challenging, because no tissue‐specific guidelines are available to monitor the progressive course of RA. In this study, fluorometric imaging of RA is reported using bioengineered targeted agents of the blood vessel, bone, and cartilage in combination with the customized optical fluorescence imaging system. Separate but simultaneous tissue‐specific images of synovitis, cartilage destruction, and bone resorption are obtained from a mouse model of RA, which allows quantification of the prognosis of diseases at each stage. Thus, the fluorometric imaging of RA by using tissue‐specific contrast agents plays a key role in the systemic treatment of RA by monitoring structural damage and disease progression.
Dynamic Complex‐to‐Complex Transformations of Heterobimetallic Systems Influence the Cage Structure or Spin State of Iron(II) Ions
Authors: Hardy Matthias , Struch Niklas , Holstein Julian J. , Schnakenburg Gregor , Wagner Norbert , Engeser Marianne , Beck Johannes , Clever Guido H. , Lützen Arne
Published: December 2019

Two new heterobimetallic cages, a trigonal‐bipyramidal and a cubic one, were assembled from the same mononuclear metalloligand by adopting the molecular library approach, using iron(II) and palladium(II) building blocks. The ligand system was designed to readily assemble through subcomponent self‐assembly. It allowed the introduction of steric strain at the iron(II) centres, which stabilizes its paramagnetic high‐spin state. This steric strain was utilized to drive dynamic complex‐to‐complex transformations with both the metalloligand and heterobimetallic cages. Addition of sterically less crowded subcomponents as a chemical stimulus transformed all complexes to their previously reported low‐spin analogues. The metalloligand and bipyramid incorporated the new building block more readily than the cubic cage, probably because the geometric structure of the sterically crowded metalloligand favours the cube formation. Furthermore it was possible to provoke structural transformations upon addition of more favourable chelating ligands, converting the cubic structures into bipyramidal ones.
Chemical composition and anti‐complement activity of Glechomae Herba collected in different months
Authors: Luo Yun , Wen Quan , Yang Shilin , Feng Yulin , Tan Ting
Published: November 2019

Glechomae Herba (GH) is derived from the dried aerial part of Glechoma longituba (Nakai) Kupr., which is harvested from spring to autumn. It has the effects of clearing heat and detoxification. The aim of this paper was to study the chemical composition and the anti‐complement activity of GH collected in different months. Ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry based on predicted compounds screening and diagnostic ion filter strategy was developed for identifying the chemical composition of GH collected in different months. A total of 102 compounds—40 chlorogenic acids (CGAs), 32 phenolic acids, and 30 flavonoids—were reasonably identified in GH. Thirty‐four CGAs were discovered in GH for the first time. The correlations between chemical compositions and anti‐complement activities of GH collected in different months were analyzed. Phenolic acids and flavonoids were found to be negatively correlated with anti‐complement activity, and CGAs were positively correlated with anti‐complement activity. At the same time, six CGA standards had obvious anti‐complement activity. It was demonstrated that different harvest months had a significant impact on the difference in chemical composition and anti‐complement activity of GH. And CGAs might play an important role in the anti‐complement activity of GH.
Perceval sutureless valve migration treated by valve‐in‐valve with a CoreValve Evolut Pro
Authors: Laricchia Alessandra , Mangieri Antonio , Colombo Antonio , Giannini Francesco
Published: December 2019

In the last years, the use of sutureless devices in frail patients with severe aortic stenosis has increased thanks to their “easier and faster” technique of implantation in comparison to conventional surgery. Results from metanalysis show comparable outcomes in comparison to transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in terms of mortality, stroke incidence, and rate of pace‐maker implantation. The incidence of para‐valvular leak (PVL) is even lower for sutureless devices than for TAVR. The few cases described are generally due to incomplete decalcification or incorrect valve sizing and consequent stent distortion. To our knowledge this is the first case describing PVL with massive aortic regurgitation due to early partial embolization of a Perceval valve and its successfully treatment with valve‐in‐valve by using a self‐expanding TAVR device.
Cooperative Palladium and Copper Catalysis: One‐pot Synthesis of Diamino‐Substituted Naphthalenes from Aryl Halides, 1,4‐Bis(trimethylsilyl)butadiyne and Amines
Authors: Li Yuan , Qiu Shaozhong , Fan Ling , Yin Guodong
Published: December 2019

A one‐pot method for the preparation of diamino‐substituted naphthalene derivatives from easily available starting materials aryl halides, 1,4‐bis(trimethylsilyl)butadiyne and amines is developed. Two C−N bonds, three C−C bonds and one aromatic ring are formed in this domino process. This transformation is achieved by the cooperative catalysis of Pd(OAc)2, Cu(Xantphos)I and Cu(OTf)2. A possible double Sonogashira coupling/hydroamination/ benzannulation reaction route is proposed.
Ionic Polyimide Derived Porous Carbon Nanosheets as High‐Efficiency Oxygen Reduction Catalysts for Zn–Air Batteries
Authors: Tu Kejun , Zou Lingyi , Yang Chongqing , Su Yuezeng , Lu Chenbao , Zhu Jinhui , Zhang Fan , Ke Changchun , Zhuang Xiaodong
Published: December 2019

Two‐dimensional (2D) porous carbon nanosheets (2DPCs) have attracted great attention for their good porosity and long‐distance conductivity. Factors such as templates, precursors, and carbonization–activation methods, directly determine their performance. However, rational design and preparation of porous carbon materials with controlled 2D morphology and heteroatom dopants remains a challenge. Therefore, an ionic polyimide with both sp2‐ and sp3‐hybridized nitrogen atoms was prepared as a precursor for fabricating N‐doped hexagonal porous carbon nanosheets through a hard‐template approach. Because of the large surface area and efficient charge‐mass transport, the resulting activated 2D porous carbon nanosheets (2DPCs‐a) displayed promising electrocatalytic properties for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline and acidic media, such as ultralow half‐wave potential (0.83 vs. 0.84 V of Pt/C) and superior limiting current density (5.42 vs. 5.14 mA cm−2 of Pt/C). As air cathodes in Zn–air batteries, the as‐developed 2DPCs‐a exhibited long stability and high capacity (up to 614 mA h g−1), which are both higher than those of commercial Pt/C. This work provides a convenient method for controllable and scalable 2DPCs fabrication as well as new opportunities to develop high‐efficiency electrocatalysts for ORR and Zn–air batteries.
Direct Stereoconvergent Allylation of Chiral Alkylcopper Nucleophiles with Racemic Allylic Phosphates
Authors: Han Jung Tae , Kim Seoung‐Tae , Baik Mu‐Hyun , Yun Jaesook
Published: December 2019

Copper‐catalyzed stereoconvergent allylation of chiral sp3‐hybridized carbon nucleophiles with a racemic mixture of acyclic secondary allylic phosphates is reported. In the presence of a copper‐catalyst complexed with chiral BenzP* ligand, tandem coupling reaction of vinyl arenes, bis(pinacolato)diboron, and racemic allylic phosphates provided β‐chiral alkylboronates possessing (E)‐alkenyl moiety through a direct stereoconvergent allylic coupling with concomitant generation of a C(sp3)‐stereogenic center. A range of vinyl (hetero)arenes and secondary allylic phosphates bearing 1°, 2°, 3° alkyl and phenyl α‐substituents were suitable for the reaction, forming products with high enantioselectivities up to 95 % ee. Density functional theory calculations were conducted in detail to elucidate the origin of the observed regioselectivity of borylcupration and stereoconvergent (E)‐olefin formation from racemic allylic phosphates.
Determination of panthenol enantiomers in cosmetic preparations using an achiral‐chiral–coupled column HPLC system
Authors: Hroboňová Katarína , Lomenova Anna
Published: December 2019

A new high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for separation and determination of panthenol enantiomers in hair care products was developed. Two types of detectors, low‐wavelength ultraviolet (UV) and polarimetric, were used. Optimized conditions consisted of coupled achiral, amino type, and chiral, amylose tris(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate), stationary phases, mixture of n‐hexane/ethanol (60:40, v/v) as mobile phase under isocratic conditions and flow rate 0.8 cm3 min−1. The effect of column temperature on retention and resolution of enantiomers was studied. The analysis runtime was 10 minutes, and the average retention times for d‐ and l‐panthenol were 7.10 ±0.1 minutes and 8.21 ±0.2 minutes, respectively. The resolution of enantiomers on coupled achiral‐chiral columns was Rs = 2.7. The solid‐phase extraction method was employed for extraction and purification of analytes. The validated method was selective, accurate, and linear (R2 > .998) over the concentration range of 0.001 to 1.0 mg cm−3 for both enantiomeric forms. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) of each enantiomer were 0.3 and 1.0 μg cm−3, respectively. The results demonstrated the occurrence of d‐panthenol in hair care products.
Identifying the variables that drive tamoxifen‐independent CreERT2 recombination: Implications for microglial fate mapping and gene deletions
Authors: Van Hove Hannah , Antunes Ana Rita Pombo , De Vlaminck Karen , Scheyltjens Isabelle , Van Ginderachter Jo A. , Movahedi Kiavash
Published: December 2019

Ligand‐dependent Cre recombinases such as the CreERT2 system allow for tamoxifen‐inducible Cre recombination. Important examples are the Cx3cr1‐CreERT2 and Sall1‐CreERT2 lines that are widely used for fate mapping and gene deletion studies of brain macrophages. Our results now show that both CreERT2 lines can exhibit a high rate of tamoxifen‐independent “leaky” excision with some reporter strains, while this is not observed with others. We suggest that this disparity is determined by the length of the floxed transcriptional STOP cassette that is incorporated in the various reporter lines. In addition, the rate of spontaneous recombination was also determined by the CreERT2 expression levels and the longevity of the CreERT2‐expressing cells. The implications of these results are discussed in the context of fate mapping and inducible gene deletion studies in macrophages and microglia.
Temporal Changes of Phospholipids Fatty Acids and Cholesterol in Breast Milk and Relationship with Diet
Authors: Zhang Niu , Zhuo Cheng‐Fei , Liu Biao , Ye Wen‐Hui , Tao Lin , Zheng Liu‐Feng , Chen Li , Deng Ze‐Yuan , Li Guo‐Yong , Gong Zhi‐Qing , Li Jing
Published: December 2019

Phospholipids (PLs) and cholesterol in human milk (HM) are affected by lactation, and differential lipids are closely related to maternal diet. The contents of PLs and cholesterol in Chinese HM are quantified by gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography, respectively, and the relationship between differential lipids and the maternal diet is obtained by Pearson. The result shows that SFA, MUFA, and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) are not affected by lactation and geography for total fatty acids, but almost all sn‐2 fatty acids are influenced by geography and remain unchanged during lactation. Most SFAs show absolute sn‐2 selectivity and the majority of MUFAs and PUFAs are esterified at the sn‐1 position. Cholesterol (13.8–22.6 mg per 100 g milk) and 25‐hydroxycholesterol (0.45–1.01 mg per 100 g milk) increase significantly and remain constant during lactation, respectively, and they are affected by regions. In addition, the differential lipids (22:1n‐9, C9:0, trans‐PUFA, 22:4n‐6, etc.) of PLs are closely related to the maternal diet. PLs and cholesterol content differ from western research and infant formula, which will help to design an infant formula that is more suitable for Chinese babies in the future.

Practical Application: Compared with PLs and cholesterol in western countries and infant formula, the specificity of Chinese HM can more accurately target the development of formulas suitable for the growth of Chinese infants. At the same time, according to the influence of the motherʼs diet on the composition of HM, it is more reasonable to guide the diet of the mother.
Pd‐Catalyzed ortho Selective C–H Acyloxylation and Hydroxylation of Pyridotriazoles
Authors: Rawat Deepa , Kumar Rahul , Adimurthy Subbarayappa
Published: December 2019

An efficient protocol for the palladium‐catalyzed direct ortho C–H acyloxylation of 3‐phenyl‐pyridotriazoles is described. The reaction was facilitated by PhI(OAc)2 (PIDA) as an oxidant and with carboxylic acids as acyloxylation reagents. The reaction is highly selective for mono acyloxylation of pyridotriazoles with various acids such as aliphatic, branched, and cyclic including adamantane carboxylic acids. When acetic anhydride was employed as acylation reagent, interesting 2‐oxo‐1‐phenyl‐1‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)propyl acetates were obtained through the ring opening of pyridotriazoles. The key strategy is the employment of pyridotriazoles as a modifiable heterocycle; acyloxylation followed by the hydrolysis in one pot to yield the potential drug intermediates [(2‐hydroxyphenyl)pyridin‐2‐yl]methanone in good yields.
Elastic instabilities in the electroosmotic flow of non‐Newtonian fluids through T‐shaped microchannels
Authors: Song Le , Yu Liandong , Li Di , Jagdale Purva P. , Xuan Xiangchun
Published: December 2019

Electroosmotic flow (EOF) has been widely used to transport fluids and samples in micro‐ and nanofluidic channels for lab‐on‐a‐chip applications. This essentially surface‐driven plug‐like flow is, however, sensitive to both the fluid and wall properties, of which any inhomogeneity may draw disturbances to the flow and even instabilities. Existing studies on EOF instabilities have been focused primarily upon Newtonian fluids though many of the chemical and biological solutions are actually non‐Newtonian. We carry out a systematic experimental investigation of the fluid rheological effects on the elastic instability in the EOF of phosphate buffer‐based polymer solutions through T‐shaped microchannels. We find that electro‐elastic instabilities can be induced in shear thinning polyacrylamide (PAA) and xanthan gum (XG) solutions if the applied direct current voltage is above a threshold value. However, no instabilities are observed in Newtonian or weakly shear thinning viscoelastic fluids including polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and hyaluronic acid (HA) solutions. We also perform a quantitative analysis of the wave parameters for the observed elasto‐elastic instabilities.
Phytochemical profile and antioxidation activity of annona fruit and its effect on lymphoma cell proliferation
Authors: Al‐Shaya Huda Mohammed , Li Haiwen , Beg Obaid U. , Hamama Anwar A. , Witiak Sarah Melissa , Kaseloo Paul , Siddiqui Rafat A.
Published: December 2019

Cancers of the lymphatic system are broadly classified into Hodgkin and non‐Hodgkin types. Although lymphomas can be effectively treated with chemotherapy, this approach is associated with the risk of adverse side effects. High intake of certain vegetables and fruits is associated with a reduced risk of cancer development. We hypothesized that Annona fruit, which is rich in fibers and phytochemicals that are known to possess anticancer properties, can be effective in inhibiting lymphoma growth. The Annona fruit's fractions were extracted with water, methanol, or chloroform and then assayed for total phenolic, flavonoids, and tannins content; antioxidation activities; and inhibition of in vitro cell proliferation using the Ramos‐1 lymphoma cells. The methanol fractions contained the highest phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins content, and antioxidation activity. However, the methanol extracts of skin, pulp, and seeds had a moderate whereas the chloroform extracts of pulp and seeds had strong effects on Ramos‐1 cell proliferation. Our findings suggest that Annona fruits may be effective in the prevention or treatment of lymphoma.
Geotechnical characteristics of soft rocks of the Inneralpine Molasse – Brenner Base Tunnel access route, Unterangerberg, Tyrol, Austria
Authors: Erharter Georg H. , Poscher Gerhard , Sommer Peter , Sedlacek Christoph
Published: December 2019

The engineering geological investigation for the environmental impact assessment of the more than 20 km long route section Schaftenau–Radfeld in the Lower Inn Valley (Tyrol) was conducted in 2017/18. As a central structure, a nearly 3 km long tunnel will be built through the Unterangerberg. The bedrock of the Unterangerberg consists of turbiditic, marine deposits of the Inneralpine Molasse with interbedded layers of marl, claystone and sandstone. The proximity to the Inntal shearzone and exogeneous effects like several glaciations have softened the surface of the inherently weak bedrock and led to heterogeneous mechanical properties. The monotonous lithology is therefore accompanied by an inhomogeneous rock mass characterization. This paper describes experiences of the geotechnical investigation of this weak rock. It was observed that only a quick transport of samples from the drilling site to the laboratory can guarantee for test results in accordance with the standards. The results, lying in the transitional zone between soft rock and hard soil, are in good accordance with data from other studies.
Ergonomics risk assessment among maintenance operators in a Tunisian railway company: A case study
Authors: Sebti Riheb , Boulila Atef , Hamza Samir
Published: December 2019

Railway truck maintenance plays a crucial role for rail transport. It aims at ensuring the availability of the equipment and the safety of the operations. However, maintenance activities often involve uncommon work and nonroutine tasks and it is obvious that maintenance operators are more threatened than other employees to be exposed to various hazards in their workplace. In Tunisia, the prevalence of occupational accidents and injuries among maintenance workers is not well documented. The target of this cross‐sectional study is to assess ergonomics risks associated with maintenance activities in a railway company. Data collection was carried out through a self‐administrated questionnaire and via direct observations. The Body Parts Symptom Survey (BPSS) was used to identify the discomfort level of the workers. More than 100 maintenance operators working in nine different workshops were involved in this study. From BPSS results, this paper proposed a new method to calculate the discomfort index related to each body part in order to calculate the global discomfort index (GDI) for each workshop. Results showed that the most hazardous workshop was rail‐car maintenance workshop (GDI = 43.06). Four main tasks were assessed with normalized score. Final scores were found to be extremely high. To remedy the raised problems, new adjustable workstations were proposed, which showed a considerable improvement on workers’ postures.
Thermal conductivity of aluminum foam based on 3‐D stochastic sphere model
Authors: Sun Minghan , Fan Meichen , Li Lingxiao , Xu Zhiqiang , Yang Tingsong
Published: December 2019

To accurately characterize the geometric structure of closed‐cell aluminum foam, a three‐dimensional stochastic sphere model with adjustable porosity and pore size was established, and its thermal conductivity was studied by numerical simulation. A closed‐cell aluminum foam heat conduction experiment was designed to verify the accuracy of the model. Using this model, the thermal conductivity of aluminum foam with different pore sizes and porosity was calculated, and the variation of thermal conductivity was studied. The results show that with the same porosity, the thermal conductivity increases linearly with the pore size. With the same pore size, the thermal conductivity decreases linearly with the porosity. The equivalent thermal conductivity decreases with the increase of porosity. According to the simulation results, the formula of equivalent thermal conductivity of aluminum foam is .
Ponatinib therapy in recurrent Philadelphia chromosome‐positive central nervous system leukemia with T315I mutation after Allo‐HSCT
Authors: He Jia‐Bao , Zhang Xin , Guo Zi‐Wen , Liu Miao‐Miao , Xu Na , Huang Fen , Fan Zhi‐Ping , Xuan Li , Deng Lan , Lin Shu‐Hua , Xu Jun , Sun Jing , Liu Qi‐Fa
Published: December 2019

Central nervous system leukemia (CNSL) relapse is relatively common among Philadelphia chromosome‐positive (Ph+) leukemia patients who undergo allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). The prognosis of patients is dismal for those with a BCR‐ABL T315I mutation, which is resistant to TKIs including second‐generation drugs. We assessed ponatinib for nine patients with recurrent Ph+ CNSL and a T315I mutation after allo‐HSCT, including five patients with Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia and four with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Five patients experienced isolated CNSL relapse, and four experienced CNSL with hematologic relapse. All patients received ponatinib combined with intrathecal chemotherapy, and four patients with hematologic relapse received systemic chemotherapy and/or donor lymphocyte infusion. All patients achieved a deep molecular response and central nervous system remission (CNSR) at a median time of 1.5 (range: 0.7–3) months after ponatinib treatment. Two patients experienced a second CNSL relapse due to ponatinib reduction, but they achieved CNSR again after an increase to the standard dosage. Six patients developed graft versus host disease. By April 1, 2019, eight patients were alive, and one died of pneumonia. The median time of survival after the first CNSL relapse posttransplantation was 18 (range: 11.2–48.5) months. Our data from a small number of samples suggests that ponatinib is effective for recurrent Ph+ CNSL patients with a BCR‐ABL T315I mutation after allo‐HSCT and warrants broader clinical evaluation.
Early response evaluation during preoperative chemotherapy for colorectal liver metastases: Combined size and morphology‐based criteria predict pathological response and survival after resection
Authors: Primavesi Florian , Fadinger Nikolaus , Biggel Simon , Braunwarth Eva , Gasser Elisabeth , Sprung Susanne , Göbel Georg , Gassner Eva , Stättner Stefan , Öfner Dietmar
Published: December 2019

Background

Short treatment‐duration with early restaging is crucial to avoid liver injury after preoperative chemotherapy (preopCTX) for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). Response evaluation according to response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) criteria implies several limitations. Early tumor shrinkage (ETS; ≥20% size reduction <6‐12 weeks) or morphological criteria (MC) may better predict oncological outcome.

Methods

In patients undergoing resection after preopCTX between 2003–2017 pathological and radiological response was reassessed according to Blazer classification, ETS, MC, and RECIST within 90 days and correlated with survival.

Results

Seventy‐two patients were included, with a median of two (1‐10) liver lesions, 53% bilobar involvement, and 7% extrahepatic disease. PreopCTX was applied for 3 months in median (1‐6). During restaging after a median of 62 days, presence of ETS was associated with improved median overall survival (OS; 57.1 vs 33.7 months; P = .010) and disease‐free survival (16 vs 7.2 months; P = .025). MC significantly correlated with major pathological response (P = .021). When combining ETS with optimal MC, presence of one or both factors was associated with pathological response (61.5% and 92.3%; P = .044) and OS in log‐rank (P = .011), and multivariable analysis (hazard ratio [HR] 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.19‐0.90 and HR 0.32; 95%CI, 0.11‐0.97).

Conclusion

Response‐grading by combined ETS/MC criteria less than 90 days after preopCTX initiation predicts pathological response and postoperative survival in CRLM.