bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Financial literacy training programs and financial behaviour: Why people do not become “financially literate”?
Authors: Kislitsyn D. V.
Published: September 2020

The paper takes a critical view on the prevalent approaches to developing financial literacy programs. It has been shown that meta-analytical and review studies indicate low efficiency of financial literacy improvement programs: their effect on financial behavior is either statistically insignificant or statistically significant, but practically negligible. Among potential reasons of financial literacy programs low efficiency the role of behavioral factors in financial decision making and the impossibility of determining “financially literate” behavior from the perspective of an outside observer are considered. It is concluded that the currently dominant criteria for assessing financially competent behavior can be characterized either as procedural, within which not the consequences of financial decisions are considered, but how consciously they are taken, or as normative, within which the government differentiates the consumers attitudes into wrong and right. Both groups of criteria are based on a non-economic understanding of rationality.
桥式同心分注工艺技术的应用实例分析
Authors: 王 安立 , 朱 苗苗 , 李 冰 , 张 丽莎 , 赵 丹 , 邹 品国
Published: September 2020

随着长庆油田注采矛盾日益突出,为实现油田稳产,进行精细分层注水十分必要。在前期的空心分注、常规偏心分注、桥式偏心分注等井下分注工艺的基础上,针对空心分注和普通偏心分注误差大,投捞时间长,工作时间长以及桥式偏心分注工艺在施工时遇阻率高,仪器收张臂困难以及井斜较大时仪器不居中造成的流量偏差等问题,研究了桥式同心分注工艺,该工艺水嘴不需要进行投捞,减少施工时间,在大斜度井中的误差小于其他几种分注工艺,具有较好的应用效果,能够实现油田的精细注水。
浅谈现代测绘技术在地理国情普查监测中的应用
Authors: 杨 力红
Published: September 2020

地理国情普查监测是地理国情调查工作的重要组成部分。地理国情普查监测有助于人们对地表覆盖情况、人类活动情况以及生态环境情况等实行全面且深入的了解。伴随现代科技的日益完善,地理测绘技术水平不断提高,并且能够高度满足社会发展对地理信息测绘的基本需求。为此,全面探究现代测绘技术在地理国情普查监测中的应用显得尤为重要。
低空无人机航测在大比例尺地形测绘中的应用
Authors: 李 帅 , 张 杰
Published: September 2020

本文主要针对低空无人机航测在大比例尺地形测绘中的应用展开研究,重点阐述了低空无人机航测在大比例尺地形测绘中的应用流程,并且进行了案例分析,以此重点并详细的阐述低空无人机航测在大比例尺地形测绘当中的实践案例。
国土资源管理工作中存在的问题及解决对策
Authors: 王 建新
Published: September 2020

我国国土资源对我国经济建设具有十分重要的意义。若想最大限度地展现国土资源作业的作用,就应做好基层国土资源管理工作,优化资源配置,增大土地利用率。但是现阶段,有关部门管理观念不合理,执法缺乏力度,使得国土资源管理工作依然不够理想。为此,有必要采取科学有效的应对措施加以改进。
地质勘查中的测绘地理信息技术应用
Authors: 武 明明
Published: September 2020

地质勘查是很多工作开展的基础,其主要的工作任务进行完成相关信息的收集和分析。我国传统的地质勘查方式在实际进行过程中,信息收集的效率相对较低,在数据分析方面也会出现一定的偏差。新时期下,随着各种新型测绘技术的出现,也给我国的地质勘查工作带来了新的契机,测绘地理信息技术就是其中的一种。基于此,文章就测绘地理系想你技术和地理信息系统的概述、地质勘查中的测绘地理信息技术应用以及发展等方面进行了分析,希望对实际的地质勘查工作起到一定的借鉴作用。
浅谈大数据环境下地理国情监测的几点思考
Authors: 何 畅
Published: September 2020

地理国情是基本国情的重要组成部分,地理国情监测是综合利用各种地理信息系统技术等现代测绘技术,综合时空测绘结果,展开对为我国自然资源、道路、城镇等诸多要素的动态化监测,从而形成各种监测数据和研究报告等,借助这些监测数据和研究报告为我国社会现代化建设提供必要的参考。可以说地理国情监测是我国早日实现伟大复兴梦的重要基础所在。在大数据环境下,地理信息系统技术得到了信息化发展,也由此带动地理国情监测的创新变革。下文正是基于大数据环境下的地理国情监测作业展开重点探索,分析大数据技术为地理国情监测所带来的变化影响,以及大数据技术在地理国情监测中的具体应用情况。
倾斜摄影测量在农房不动产登记发证项目中的应用
Authors: 齐 磊刚 , 杨 富民 , 李 爱霞 , 翟 献
Published: September 2020

农村房屋不动产登记是深化农村集体产权制度改革的重要基础性工作。无人机倾斜摄影测量技术可以快速获取实景三维影像,具有可量测、现实感逼真、纹理清晰等特点。该技术应用于农村房屋不动产登记发证项目中,减少了外业实地丈量的工作量,克服了不通视房屋拐点量边的困难,可快速生成数字线划图,通过三维不动产模型可以查看测量三维数据,解决了外业调查耗时费力、界址边丈量人为误差等问题。本文就此展开探析。
基于CORS系统下GPS测量技术在地质测绘中的应用
Authors: 张 洪
Published: September 2020

随着信息化程度的不断加深,科学技术水平显著提高。在地质测绘领域,一些先进的测量技术和测量方法得到更为广泛的应用,并且取得了较为良好的效果。基于CORS系统下的GPS测量技术同样得到了普遍应用,为地质测绘工作带来便利条件,相比其他测量技术,该方式成本更低、精确度也更高一些。基于此,本文对CORS系统下GPS测量技术在地质测绘工作的具体应用开展研究工作,简单介绍一下CORS系统,之后通过实际案例来分析GPS测量技术的实际应用情况。
Tecnologia no ensino de física: Os ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem (AVAs) e os simuladores
Authors: Silva Raila Leal , Silva Givanildo Sales , Macêdo Haroldo Reis Alves de
Published: September 2020

Atualmente vivenciamos a era tecnológica, em que a comunicação e a informação acontecem de maneira mais rápida que a convencional, além disso, tornou-se mais fácil o acesso ao conhecimento em diversas áreas. Considerando a área educacional, das diversas formas tecnológicas existentes, destacam-se o uso de Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem (AVAs) que são muito utilizados na educação a distância e que podem servir também como complemento em aulas presenciais configurando-se como alternativa pedagógica para o sucesso do processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Os simuladores são outra técnica pedagógica que podem ser utilizados em sala, pois também possibilitam aos estudantes autonomia e aproximação com a realidade encontrada, além de ser uma importante ferramenta quando não se tem laboratório. Desta forma, este trabalho aponta propostas para o ensino de Física, através de duas metodologias, uma é a utilização dos AVAs e a outra com a utilização de simuladores. Foi realizado uma pesquisa no Centro Estadual de Tempo Integral Marcos Parente onde verificou-se que a grande maioria dos estudantes do ensino presencial não conhecem ou ao menos sabem o que é um AVA e que apenas 10,7% afirmam já ter usado simuladores.
Do Older Indonesian with Chronic Disease Still Be Able to Engage in an Activity and Feel Happy?
Authors: SULANDARI Santi , PURNAMA Afrilin Dewi , WIJAYANTI Mei , HASTUTI Fitriana Dwi , RAIHANA Permata Ashfi
Published: September 2020

This study aimed to understand what activities could be done by older Indonesian who are physically sick and how those activities can make them feel happy. It was a qualitative study conducted in the Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. A total of 6 older people aged >60 years and suffering from the chronic disease were selected for this study. The data were collected by an in-depth interview. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis with the help of the NVivo 12 QSR program. Older people with chronic disease were still able to be active in worship, socializing with the surrounding environment, working, doing the daily chores, and doing older people gymnastic. The benefit of staying engaged in the activity, including the ability to feel happy, be motivated to get a reward, exchange ideas, and share experience, help others, be calm, and have good health. This study emphasized the importance of being engaged in activities for older people to achieve happiness even though there had poor health status.
The Reform of Public Administration in Kosovo
Authors: KRASNIQI Milot , TAHIRI Laura , KOLLONI Azem
Published: September 2020

The reform of Public Administration in Kosovo is an essential part of the State-Building process. By the administrative reform, the Government aims to modernize the Public Administration, to strengthen its capacities and to make it more efficient and accountable. The post-conflict period in Kosovo from 1999 when the building of the new Public Administration in Kosovo began until the beginning of the administrative reform is a relatively difficult period for Kosovo. The reform of the Public Administration in Kosovo is manifested in two ways: first, in relation to its own development structure and, secondly, in relation to the functions it performs, the effects which are realized and the services provided to Institutions and citizens. The implementation of E-Government in Public Administration in Kosovo enables all efficient categories of Government services, at any time and from any distance, in order to meet daily needs of citizens. E-Government modernizes the administration and enables the creation of an efficient and accountable management at all levels of administration. Through the provision of electronic services to citizens, Kosova will be part of Europe.
Foreign Language Learning Anxiety Among Low Intermediate Level EFL Students: A Comparison of the Anxiety Levels of Students Attending Three Different Turkish State Universities
Authors: SPAHI KOVAÇ Esen
Published: September 2020

The present study examined the general foreign language classroom anxiety of   preparatory school students according to the type of University and gender. The sample consisted of 282 students from three preparatory schools. The students were from Anadolu Univeristy, Osmangazi University and Dumlupınar University. There were 150 male and 132 female students. One-Way ANOVA showed that there were no significant differences among the level of foreign language anxiety of preparatory school students from different Universities. In addition to considering anxiety in a gender differences t-test showed that female students have been found much more anxious than mail students in foreign language anxiety.
Treinamentos corporativos na perspectiva da prática social
Authors: Campos Rafaella Cristina , Brito Valéria da Glória Pereira
Published: September 2020

Objetiva-se compreender como se traduz nas ações cotidianas as práticas de aprendizagem dos agentes diante dos treinamentos corporativos. A aprendizagem organizacional, na perspectiva da teoria da prática é mais que um processo de ensino-aprendizagem e sim de subjetivação e (re)significação cotidiana que legitima as ações organizacionais correlacionando-as com as práticas cotidianas. A metodologia é qualitativa de estudo de caso, aplicando doze questionários semiabertos em uma empresa familiar. Conclui-se que há movimento de resistência, o que integra a textura organizacional, a formação do knowing individual, a influência no knowledge grupal, gerando consciência coletiva de que as práticas cotidianas não são coerentes com as ações de treinamento corporativo. Entretanto não há evidencias de um embate direto, denotando que o poder e a dominância cultural são dinâmicas relacionais, que interferem no desenvolvimento de ações inovadoras no contexto organizacional, indo na contramão da intencionalidade das ações de aprendizagem organizacional como pensadas pela organização.
Resiliência, proatividade e organização:
Authors: Santos Tânia Mara Daver
Published: September 2020

O presente trabalho visa a analisar as características necessárias ao profissional da área de Secretariado Executivo e verificar como ele se adapta ao ambiente de trabalho, que está em constante transformação. No desempenho de suas funções, além daquelas que lhe são características, o secretário executivo pode ver-se diante de situações de conflito, tendo que gerenciar informações, comunicar-se com clientes e executivos, necessitando liderar um grupo de funcionários, o que exige dele atributos como a resiliência, a proatividade e a organização, para que execute as tarefas a ele impostas de maneira satisfatória. Cada vez mais, os profissionais de secretariado ganham espaço e ascendência dentro das organizações e, com isso, assumem maiores responsabilidades, o que demanda uma mudança de comportamento que abarque as características supracitadas. Esta pesquisa buscou, portanto, analisar as aptidões da resiliência, da proatividade e da organização como essenciais ao profissional de secretariado executivo, que atua dentro de organizações em constantes transformações. Com caráter dedutivo e interdisciplinar, a pesquisa utilizou-se de análise bibliográfica e documental, mediante revisão de literatura, com vistas a demonstrar a relevância do tema no contexto de uma sociedade com organizações em constante renovação.
Volume 1 Nomor 1, April 2012 157 Perlindungan terhadap Tenaga Kerja Indonesia Irregular di Luar Negeri ( Adharinalti ) PERLINDUNGAN TERHADAP TENAGA KERJA INDONESIA IRREGULAR DI LUAR NEGERI
Authors: Adharinalti Adharinalti
Published: September 2020

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara terbesar yang mengirimkan warga negaranya bekerja ke luar negeri, namun banyak diantaranya tidak memiliki dokumen yang sah (dalam kondisi irregular). Dengan statusnya tersebut, hak-hak mereka beserta keluarganya banyak yang tidak tertunaikan dan diperlakukan tidak semestinya. Bagaimana perlindungan terhadap mereka merupakan permasalahan yang harus diberikan solusinya. Dalam penelitian yang menggunakan pendekatan normatif ini memperlihatkan bahwa tenaga kerja Indonesia yang tidak berdokumen (irregular situation) beserta keluarganya secara hukum mendapatkan perlindungan. Perlindungan tersebut terlihat dalam International Convention 1990 on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, meskipun hingga saat ini pemerintah belum meratifikasi konvensi tersebut. Untuk mendapatkan perlindungan terhadap worker irregular perlu diupayakan ratifikasi atas konvensi tenaga kerja Indonesia yang tidak berdokumen (irregular situation) beserta keluarganya .

Indonesia is one of the largest countries that send their citizens to work in a foreign country, but many of them do not have valid documents (in the irregular condition). With such status, their rights and their families many of which are not guaranteed and should not be treated. How to protect against them is a problem that should be the solution. In a study using a normative approach shows that Indonesian workers are undocumented (irregular situation) and their families are legally protected. Protection is seen in the 1990 International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, although until now the government has not ratified the convention. To obtain the protection of irregular workers have sought ratification of the Convention of Indonesian workers are undocumented (irregular situation) and his family.
KEDUDUKAN FATWA DEWAN SYARIAH NASIONAL MAJELIS ULAMA INDONESIA DALAM MENDORONG PERKEMBANGAN BISNIS PERBANKAN SYARIAH (PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PERBANKAN SYARIAH)
Authors: Gayo Ahyar Ari , Taufik Ade Irawan
Published: September 2020

Di dalam perbankan syariah, disamping peraturan perundang-undangan, para prak Ɵ si perbankan syariah juga memerlukan Fatwa Dewan Syariah Majelis Ulama Indonesia (DSN-MUI) sebagai acuan dalam mejalankan praktek perbankan syariah. Permasalahannya adalah apakah Fatwa DSN-MUI secara langsung mengikat bagi pelaku perbankan syariah. Dengan menggunakan metode peneli Ɵ an yuridis sosiologis diperoleh jawaban bahwa Fatwa DSN-MUI merupakan perangkat aturan yang bersifat Ɵ dak mengikat dan Ɵ dak ada paksaan secara hukum bagi sasaran diterbitkannya fatwa untuk mematuhi ketentuan fatwa tersebut, namun di sisi lain, berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku, adanya kewajiban bagi regulator (Bank Indonesia) agar materi muatan yang terkandung dalam Fatwa DSN-MUI diserap dan ditransformasikan sebagai prinsip-prinsip syariah dalam materi muatan peraturan perundang-undangan. Keberadaan Fatwa DSN-MUI semakin menunjukan peranannya sebagai pedoman pelaksanaan prinsip-prinsip syariah dalam perbankan syariah sejak diberlakukannya Undang-Undang No. 21 Tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Syariah. Hambatan dalam penerapan Fatwa DSN- MUI dalam kegiatan perbankan syariah, antara lain fatwa yang sulit untuk diterjemahkan atau sulit diaplikasikan dalam peraturan perbankan dan fatwa DSN-MUI yang Ɵ dak selaras dengan hukum posi Ɵ f.

In the Islamic banking, besides legisla Ɵ on, the prac Ɵ Ɵ oners of Islamic banking also requires the Na Ɵ onal Sharia Board – Indonesian Council of Ulema ’ s Fatwa (DSN-MUI) as a reference in prac Ɵ ce carry out Islamic banking. The problem is is whether the DSN-MUI Fatwa is directly Ɵ ed to the perpetrators of Islamic banking. By using the methods of sociological juridical research obtained answers that DSN-MUI Fatwa is a set of rules which are not binding and there is no legal compulsion for the target to comply with the fatwa issued the fatwa, but on the other side, based on legisla Ɵ on in force, the obliga Ɵ on for the regulator (Bank Indonesia) that the substance contained in the DSN-MUI Fatwa absorbed and transformed the Islamic principles in the substance of legisla Ɵ on. The presence of DSN-MUI Fatwa has grown from its role as the guidelines for the implementa Ɵ on of sharia principles in Islamic banking since the enactment of Law No. 21 of 2008 on Islamic Banking. Obstacles in the implementa Ɵ on of DSN-MUI fatwa in Islamic banking ac Ɵ vi Ɵ es, including fatwas that are di ffi cult to translate or di ffi cult to apply in banking regula Ɵ on and DSN-MUI fatwa is not aligned with the posi Ɵ ve law
ALTERNATIF PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA BISNIS DI LUAR PENGADILAN
Authors: Ariani Nevey Varida
Published: September 2020

Alterna Ɵ f sengketa di Luar pengadilan saat ini menjadi alterna Ɵ f bagi kalangan bisnis untuk dapat menyelesaikan sengketa bisnis diluar pengadilan hal ini disebabkan karena penyelesian melalui proses pengadilan, dianggap mengalami beban yang terlampau padat ( overloaded ), Lamban dan buang waktu ( waste of Ɵ me ), Biaya mahal ( very expensive ) dan kurang tanggap (unresponsive ) terhadap kepen Ɵ ngan umum atau dianggap terlampau formalis Ɵ k ( formalis Ɵ c ) dan terlampau teknis ( technically ). Dengan penyelesaian sengketa berdasarkan undang-undang melalui arbitrase dan alterna Ɵ f penyelesaian sengketa di luar pengadilan melalui mekanisme konsiliasi, mediasi, negosiasi dan pendapat ahli serta penyelesaian sengketa menurut masyarakat adat dapat mencerminkan proses penyelesian sengketa secara adil karena diharapkan dapat menggali nilai-nilai yang hidup dalam masayarakat secara cepat, biaya ringan, damai dengan win-win solu Ɵ on bukan win lose solu Ɵ on. Oleh karena itu perlu lembaga-lembaga alterna Ɵ f penyelesian sengketa terutama dalam hal pelaksanaan eksekusi

Today alterna Ɵ ve dispute resulu Ɵ on non li Ɵ ga Ɵ on to be an alterna Ɵ ve for businesses to be able to resolve disputes resolu Ɵ on business and this is because through the court process, is considered to have the burden which overloaded, Slow and waste of Ɵ me, very expensive and unresponsive to the public interest, formalis Ɵ c and technically. Alterna Ɵ ve dispute Resolu Ɵ on with statutory arbitra Ɵ on and alterna Ɵ ve dispute resolu Ɵ on mechanisms outside the court through concilia Ɵ on, media Ɵ on, nego Ɵ a Ɵ on and dispute resolu Ɵ on expert opinion and according to the indigenous peoples may re fl ect disputes resolu Ɵ on in a fair process because it is expected to explore the values that live in society as a fast, low cost, peace with the win-win solu Ɵ on rather than lose win solu Ɵ on. Therefore, the courts and state agencies need to respect and protect the decisions issued by the ins Ɵ tu Ɵ ons of alterna Ɵ ve dispute resolu Ɵ on, especially in terms of execu Ɵ on.
KEADILAN RESTORATIF SEBAGAI KRITIK INHEREN TERHADAP PENGADILAN LEGAL-KONVENSIONAL
Authors: Atalim S.
Published: September 2020

Perkembangan masyarakat yang semakin ‘menghakimi’, penerapan proses pengadilan formal-konvensional atas perkara kejahatan yang tidak melibatkan korban kecuali pelaku, dan putusan pengadilan formal yang tidak sesuai dengan keinginan korban dan pelaku, melahirkan wacana dan praktek penerapan keadilan restoratif dalam menyelesaikan perkara pidana kejahatan. Keadilan restoratif ingin menegakkan nilai-nilai yang hilang dalam proses pengadilan formal yakni pengakuan atas martabat hak-hak korban dan pelaku, menekankan dialog, komunikasi,kejujuran, tanggung jawab, kesadaran akan
kesalahan, dan kesempatan untuk memperbaiki diri di masa depan. Penerapan prinsip-prinsip keadilan restoratif ini tidak semestinya dilakukan di luar proses pengadilan formal-konvensional yang sudah ada karena semakin menyuburkan ketidakpastian hukum. Muncul dan semakin berkembangnya praktek penerapan prinsip-prinsip keadilan restoratif merupakan kritik inheren terhadap proses pengadilan legal-konvensional yang belum memenuhi rasa keadilan masyarakat, terutama kepentingan korban, pelaku, dan masyarakat. Kritik ini merupakan kesempatan bagi aparat penegak hukum untuk semakin mewujudkan keadilan dan kepasƟ an hukum yang tercermin tidak saja pada proses (prosedural) melainkan juga pada putusan yang adil (hasil).

The development of society 'judging' to the application of formal court proceedings for criminal cases that only involving the perpetrator, resulting in verdict that are not accomodaƟ ng the wishes of the victim and the perpetrator. This raises the discourse and the application of restoraƟ ve justice practices in solving criminal cases. RestoraƟ ve justice wants to uphold the values that are lost in the formal court process, namely the recognition of the dignity of the rights of victims and perpetrators, emphasizing dialogue, communication, honesty, responsibility, awareness of errors, and the opportunity to improve themselves in the future. The application of the restoraƟ ve justice principles should not be done outside the formal court process because it creates legal uncertainty. The emergence and the growing practices of restorative justice
principles application is an inherent critique of the conventional court processes that do not meet society's sense of justice, especially the interests of the victim, perpetrator, and community. This criticism is an opportunity for law enforcement agencies to bring about justice and legal certainty that is reﬂ ected not only in the process (procedural) but also on a fair decision (outcome).
ANALISIS KONSEP RESTORATIVE JUSTICE MELALUI SISTEM DIVERSI DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA ANAK DI INDONESIA
Authors: Yunus Yutirsa
Published: September 2020

Perubahan fundamental sejak diberlakukan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak adalah digunakannya pendekatan restorative justice melalui sistem diversi. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsep umum restorative justice bagi anak dan menganalisis konsep restorative justice melalui sistem diversi dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012. Dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data melalui metode penelitian kepustakaan dan teknik pengolahan data melalui metode content analysis dapat disimpulkan bahwa konsep restorative justice dipandang baik untuk diterapkan dalam sistem peradilan pidana anak. Salah satu variasi restorative justice yakni sistem diversi. Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 cukup mengakomodir konsep restorative justice melalui sistem diversi dengan diaturnya mengenai (a) kewajiban untuk mendahulukan penyelesaian perkara pidana anak melalui proses diversi; (b) kewajiban setiap aparat penegak hukum untuk mengupayakan diversi pada setiap tingkatan pemeriksaan; dan (c) keberadaan pekerja sosial profesional, tenaga kesejahteraan sosial, serta pembimbing kemasyarakatan. Dari kesimpulan tersebut direkomendasikan perlunya disusun peraturan teknis mengenai pedoman pelaksanaan proses diversi; pembangunan infrastruktur; dan peningkatan kapasitas dan kualitas aparat penegak hukum agar diversi terlaksana sesuai restorative justice .
Indonesia began enacting Law Number 11 of 2012 on the Children Criminal Justice. The fundamental changes is the utilized of restorative justice through diversion system. This study aims to determine the concept of restorative justice and analyze the concept of restorative justice through diversion. The study utilized library research and content analysis methods. This study concludes that The Law Number 11 of 2012 sufficiently accommodates the concept of restorative justice through diversion regarding the arrangement of (a) obligation to prioritize the completion of the criminal case of children through diversion; (b) obligation of law enforcement officers to seek diversion at every level of examination, and (c) existence of professional social workers, social welfare workers, and community mentors. This study recommends the making of regulation as a technical guidelines; establishing infrastructure; and capacity building in order to accomplished the diversion in accordance with restorative justice.
DEMOKRASI INDONESIA PASCA AMANDEMEN UUD NRI TAHUN 1945 DALAM PERSPEKTIF LEGISLASI
Authors: Trijono Rachmat
Published: September 2020

Indikator mengkualifikasikan praktek demokrasi Indonesia adalah fungsi lembaga perwakilan rakyat yakni Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat dan Dewan Perwakilan Daerah. Semakin lembaga perwakilan rakyat tersebut berfungsi, maka Indonesia semakin demokratis. Persoalan yang diteliti dan dijawab adalah bagaimana demokrasi Indonesia pasca amandemen dalam perspektif pembentukan undang-undang. Penelitian ini mempergunakan metode penelitian normatif, yang bersifat deskriptif, dengan menggunakan bahan pustaka yang berupa data sekunder sebagai sumber utamanya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia pada masa pasca amandemen UUD NRI Tahun 1945 belum dapat dikatakan sebagai negara yang demokratis. Untuk itu ke depan diharapkan dengan amandemen kelima UUD NRI Tahun 1945, Indonesia akan lebih demokratis.
Indicator to qualify the practice of Indonesia democracy is the function of the parliament that is House of Representative (DPR) and Local Representative (DPD). The more function of parliament, so the more democratic in Indonesia. The problem which are researched and answered is how democracy in Indonesia after the amendment in the law making perspective. This research is used in normative research method, descriptive, by using library materials in the form of secondary data as the main source. The results of the research showed that Indonesia in the period after constitution (UUD NRI 1945) amendment cannot be said to be a democratic state. For the future it is expected by the fifth constitution amendment, Indonesia will be more democratic.
PROBLEMATIKA PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI TENTANG DERAJAT KETERWAKILAN TINGGI DALAM SENGKETA ALOKASI KURSI PEMILU
Authors: Aminuddin M. Faishal
Published: September 2020

Demokratisasi Indonesia menghasilkan sengketa politik-pemilu dalam tensi yang tinggi. Mahkamah Konstitusi mempunyai kewenangan untuk mengadili setiap perkara gugatan sengketa pemilu dan pilkada. Sejauhmana putusan Mahkamah terkait dengan sengketa pemilu dapat dinilai? Secara umum, dari berbagai putusan yang dihasilkan, Mahkamah masih menghadapi problematika terkait dengan metode interpretasi yang menjadi hal krusial dalam menghasilkan kualitas putusan yang bisa diterima dengan baik. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengelaborasi metode interpretasi konstitusi dan hubungannya dengan uji konstitusi antara tradisi Kelsenian dan Madisonian. Lalu menekankan pada logika inter-konektivitas antara legislasi, metode interpretasi dan hasil putusan mahkamah. Berbagai aspek yang bisa dilihat dari sengketa pemilu, diantaranya perhitungan suara, alokasi kursi, kecurangan penyelenggaraan dan manipulasi lainnya dalam proses pemilu. Tulisan ini melakukan eksplorasi terhadap satu aspek yaitu alokasi kursi dimana akan dilakukan pengujian kritis atas putusan mahkamah tentang derajat keterwakilan tinggi. Metode yang digunakan adalah uji kadar keterwakilan tinggi dengan indeks Galagher dan Pukelsheim dari putusan Mahkamah terhadap sengketa alokasi kursi. Hasilnya, kualitas putusan tersebut tidak lebih baik dari putusan Komisi Pemilihan Umum yang mereka batalkan. Dari ulasan tersebut, perlu dilakukan perbaikan terhadap metode interpretasi Mahkamah.
Democratization in Indonesia yield high tension of political-election dispute. Constitutional Court has authority to judge any lawsuit on both election and local government election dispute. How good The Constitutional Court verdicts on election? Refers to yielding of any verdict, The Constitutional Court itself facing problems with the method s of interpretation and became crucial point to yield good and acceptable verdict. This article aim to elaborate method of interpretation of constitution connecting to review of constitution between Kelsenian and Madisonian’s tradition. Furthermore it emphasize the logic of inter connection among legislation, method of interpretation and The Constitutional Court’s verdict. Review to election disputes in the constitutional court, many aspects such as counts of vote, seat allocation, election fraud and technical manipulation in the election process happened. This paper focus on exploring the aspect of seat allocation. It will examine with critical review those issues of degree of proportionality in The Constitutional Court verdicts. The method used is the Index Gallagher and Pukelsheim to explain the degree of proportionality in the Constitutional Court’s verdicts against the allocation of seats. As result, the quality of the Court’s verdicts is not better than the Election Commission’s verdicts that they canceled. From those evidence, The Constitutional Court’s method of interpretation should be improved.
PENTINGNYA PENGARSIPAN ARSIP PEMILU DALAM MENUNJANG PEMILU YANG JUJUR DAN ADIL
Authors: Sahat Benedictus
Published: September 2020

Pelaksanaan Pemilu dalam perjalanannya bukan tanpa permasalahan, kompleksitas permasalahan sering kali muncul pada setiap tahapan Pemilu, salah satu permasalahan yang muncul tetapi sering luput dari pengamatan adalah mengenai pengarsipan, oleh karena itu melalui penelitian ini mengangkat peran pengarsipan arsip Pemilu dalam menunjang pelaksanaan Pemilu yang demokratis, yang kemudian menginventarisir kelemahan pengarsipan arsip Pemilu saat ini, dan menganalisa tolak ukur pengarsipan yang baik bagi Pemilu. Melalui studi kepustakaan penelitian ini memiliki kesimpulan bahwa pengarsipan memiliki peran penting dalam menunjang proses Pemilu yang demokratis, karena sebagai salah satu bentuk kontrol atas jalannya Pemilu, di samping itu dokumen yang telah diarsipkan dapat menjadi alat bukti yang sah dan otentik. Oleh sebab itu manajemen arsip yang baik dan pengintegrasian dengan teknologi informasi secara nasional dan terpadu ke dalam arsip elektronis yang komprehensif akan meningkatkan keamanan dan kemudahan pengaksesan data Pemilu secara cepat, otentik dan akurat oleh masyarakat.
Progress of election as long as its journey not without causing many problems. Problems complexity comes in any grade of election, one of problems comes to surface but often unseen from our vision is archives, This research want to lift up the role of archives in election records in order to support democratically election then to classify weaknesses of election archives nowadays and to analyze the indicator of good archives for the election. Through library research this research described that archives have important role in order to support democratically election, as its function as control mechanism to the election, besides all the documents can be authentic and original prove if there any disputes in election. Since regularly archives management with integration to information technology national widely and integrated to comprehensive electronically archives will increase secure and easy to access of election documents fast, authentic and accurate by society.
PELUANG INDUSTRI DAN PERDAGANGAN INDONESIA DALAM PELAKSANAAN MASYARAKAT EKONOMI ASEAN
Authors: Aristeus Syprianus
Published: September 2020

Kebijakan perdagangan bebas, dan pasar tunggal ASEAN pada tahun 2015 harus dapat dilaksanakan sesuai dengan kesepakatan yang telah dibuat. Sebagai pasar tunggal baik di perdagangan bebas maupun ASEAN semua hambatan perdagangan khususnya seperti tarif akan dihapuskan, antisipasi terutama harus kita lakukan adalah terkait dengan liberalisasi sektor jasa sebagai sektor sensitif, adapun lima sektor tersebut adalah jasa kesehatan, pariwisata, e-commerce , transportasi udara dan logistik. Kelimanya akan efektif pada tahun 2015 mendatang. Untuk itu akan dibahas bagaimana pelaksanaan pasar bebas MEA di Indonesia dan bagaimana antisipasi pemerintah Indonesia dengan diberlakukan WTO serta Kehadiran Undang-undang Perindustrian dan Perdagangan. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa negara-negara di dunia yang terlibat langsung dalam perdagangan bebas mempunyai hak untuk menjual produk baik barang ataupun jasa terhadap negara lain tanpa harus dibebani oleh batasan- batasan pajak atau bea masuk, serta peraturan yang membelenggu. Untuk itu harus segera dijalankan sebuah transformasi industrialisasi berdasarkan sebuah kebijakan industrial yang selektif. Hal ini perlu dilakukan salah satunya dengan cara penguatan peran Kementerian Perindustrian dan Perdagangan menjadi satu kementerian agar ada satu kebijakan industri yang kuat dan bahwa kebijakan perdagangan dan investasi harus menginduk kepada kebijakan industri.

Free trade policy and the ASEAN single market in 2015 must be implemented in accordance with the agreements that have been made . Either as a single market in free trade and ASEAN all trade barriers such as tariffs will be abolished in particular, the main anticipation to do is related to the liberalization of the service sectors as a sensitive sectors, thre are five service sectors such as health services, tourism, e-commerce, air transportation and logistics. Those sectors will be effective soon in 2015. In accordance to discuss how the implementation of ASEAN Economic Community free trade in Indonesia; and how Indonesian government anticipate the implementation of WTO regulation and the absence of Law regarding Industry and Trade. Using normative legal method, this research shows that countries which directly involved in free trade has the right to sell their products either goods or services to another country without having to be burdened by tax restrictions or customs duties and also without restricted by regulations. There should be an industrialized transformation immediately based on selective industrial policy. This thing needs to be done by merging the role of the Ministry of Industry and Ministry of Trade into one ministry, so there will be a strong industrial policy which can be a basic for policies in trade and investment too.
URGENSI OTONOMI KHUSUS BATAM DIKAITKAN DENGAN PELAKSANAAN MASYARAKAT EKONOMI ASEAN 2015
Authors: Murti Muhammad Sapta
Published: September 2020

Batam saat ini merupakan daerah industri dan juga sebagai kawasan perdagangan bebas serta kawasan pelabuhan bebas. Peraturan perundang-undangan tersebut melahirkan 2 (dua) otoritas yang berwenang mengatur dan mengelola Batam, yaitu Badan Pengusahaan Batam dan Pemerintah Kota Batam. Keduanya memiliki wewenang berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan yang dalam pelaksanaannya sering tumpang tindih sehingga menghambat pembangunan di Pulau Batam. Di sisi lain, terdapat tantangan besar pada tahun 2015 dengan pelaksanaan ASEAN Economic Community (AEC 2015) sebagai realisasi integrasi ekonomi sesuai dengan Visi ASEAN 2020. Tulisan ini menganalisis mengenai urgensi otonomi khusus Batam dalam rangka penyelesaian persoalan tumpang tindih kewenangan terkait penyelenggaraan Batam serta dikaitkan dengan tantangan AEC 2015. Dengan menggunakan metode hukum normatif disimpulkan bahwa urgensi kekhususan Batam didasari oleh adanya alasan kekhususan Batam yang meliputi alasan filosofis, kesejarahan- politis, yuridis, dan teoritis akademis. Kekhususan Batam meliputi substansi bidang politik dan pemerintahan, serta bidang perekonomian, pertanahan, dan penataan ruang. Melalui kekhususan Batam sebagai Pemerintah Provinsi Otonomi Khusus Batam, dualisme kelembagaan dan peraturan perundang-undangan di Batam akan menjadi kesatuan otoritas dan pengaturannya. Dengan demikian, cita-cita Batam menjadi daerah di Indonesia yang berada di jalur perdagangan internasional yang maju dapat tercapai serta menjadi bagian dari AEC 2015 yang berhasil.

Batam as an Industrial Zone, was also known as a free trade zone and free harbour zone. Based on enacted law there are 2 (two) agencies who has the authority to manage and administer Batam, which are Batam Indonesia Free Zone Authority (BIPZA) and The Local Government of Batam. In the implementation, both agencies has overlapping authority thereby sometimes the development of Batam are obstructed by this. On the other side there are big challenges in the year 2015, it is ASEAN Economic Community (AEC 2015) as an achievement of economic integration in line with the ASEAN Vision of 2020. This research tries to analize the critical issues about Batam Autonomy in order to solve the overlapping authority problems in Batam along with the AEC Challenges in 2015. Using normative legal method, it is concluded that special autonomy for Batam is urgent based on philosophical, historical, political, jurist and theoritical reasons. Special autonomy for Batam consist of politics and goverment field, economics, and land and space planning. Through the autonomy of Batam, it’s expected that the dualism of institution and/or regulation will unite in one authority and regulation as well. Therefore, Batam’s goal to be an advanced district in Indonesia which will be part of the international trade lines can be accomplished and Batam can be part of AEC 2015.
MENUJU ASEAN POLITICAL AND SECURITY COMMUNITY : KRITIK DAN TANTANGAN POLITIK HUKUM HAM INDONESIA DALAM REGIONALISME HAM ASEAN
Authors: Citrawan Harison
Published: September 2020

Tulisan ini mencoba menganalisis regionalisme hak asasi manusia (HAM) di kawasan Asia Tenggara dari sudut pandang politik hukum HAM Indonesia. Secara khusus, analisis akan dilakukan pada bagaimana peluang dan tantangan politik hukum HAM nasional dalam mewujudkan mekanisme perlindungan HAM regional, serta bagaimana gambaran interaksi ideal antara mekanisme perlindungan HAM di tingkat regional dengan nasional. Menggunakan pendekatan analisis rezim dan dipadukan dengan konsep kepatuhan hukum, tulisan ini mengajukan proposisi bahwa regionalisme HAM dalam kerangka kerja ASEAN akan sia-sia apabila tidak diikuti dengan tingkat kepatuhan hukum ( legal compliance ) negara-negara anggota ASEAN terhadap norma dan prinsip HAM di tingkat domestik. Dalam konteks politik hukum HAM nasional, terdapat setidaknya tiga dimensi tantangan yang perlu diperhatikan dalam masa mendatang yang meliputi: desentralisasi, diskursus militer-HAM, dan skeptisisme terhadap hukum HAM internasional. Tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat kebutuhan akan harmoni dalam reposisi politik hukum HAM baik di tingkat nasional dan regional, agar norma yang telah disepakati pada tingkat internasional dapat diimplementasikan dan diterjemahkan di tingkat regional, dan yang lebih penting lagi ialah agar regionalisme HAM ASEAN dapat memberi pengaruh terhadap domestikasi nilai dan prinsip HAM di Indonesia.
This paper attempts to analyze human rights regionalism in ASEAN from Indonesia’s national human rights politics perspective. In particular, an analysis will be taken on challenges and opportunities of the national human rights politics in establishing a stronger regional human rights mechanism, and how an ideal interaction between regional and national human rights mechanisms should be drawn. Using regime analysis approach and combined with legal compliance concept, this paper proposes that ASEAN human rights regime would be superfluous if it is not followed by member states’ legal compliance upon human rights norms and principle in domestic level. In the context of national human rights politics, there are at least three challenging dimensions that ought to be considered in the future, namely: decentralization, human rights-military discourse, and international human rights law skepticism. This paper thus concludes that there is a need to harmonize the human rights politics in both national and regional level, so that any internationally accepted norms will be implemented and applied into ASEAN human rights regionalism, and equally important is to ensure that such a regionalism is capable in influencing human rights values and principles domestication in Indonesia.
OPTIMALISASI KEBIJAKAN KETENAGAKERJAAN DALAM MENGHADAPI MASYARAKAT EKONOMI ASEAN 2015
Authors: Fadli Muhammad
Published: September 2020

Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN adalah salah satu pilar pembentukan Komunitas ASEAN dan merupakan bentuk integrasi ekonomi regional yang mulai di berlakukan pada tahun 2015. Pemberlakuan tersebut akan menjadikan ASEAN sebagai pasar tunggal dan basis produksi dimana terjadi arus barang, jasa, investasi dan tenaga terampil yang bebas serta aliran modal yang bebas antar-negara di kawasan ASEAN. Arus bebas tenaga kerja terampil tersebut harus dimanfaatkan oleh Indonesia sebagai peluang dalam menyerap tenaga kerja dan mengurangi pengangguran. Hal yang menjadi permasalahan adalah bagaimanakah kebijakan pemerintah dalam bidang ketenagakerjaan dalam mempersiapkan tenaga kerja terampil menghadapi Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN 2015. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat berbagai kebijakan dalam bidang ketenagakerjaan yang mendukung terciptanya Sumber Daya Manusia yang berkualitas atau tenaga kerja terampil. Maka dari itu, Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan dan berbagai kebijakan lain yang mengamanatkan pemberian pelatihan kerja serta pembentukan Badan Nasional Sertifikasi Profesi yang bertugas memberikan sertifikasi kompetensi kerja harus dioptimalkan, guna mempersiapkan tenaga kerja terampil, berkualitas dan berdaya saing serta diakui oleh negara ASEAN lainnya dalam menghadapi Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN 2015.
ASEAN Economic Community is one of the pillars of the establishment of the ASEAN Community which formally as a form of regional economic integration that will enter into force by 2015. This enforcement will make ASEAN as a single market and production based where there are flow of goods, services, investment and skilled labor that is free and free capital flows among ASEAN member countries. Free flow of skilled labor should be used by Indonesia as an opportunity to absorb employment and reducing unemployment. The issue of this subject is how the government policy in the field of labor in preparing skilled labour in facing the ASEAN Economic Community 2015. By using the method of juridical normative research can be concluded that there are a variety of employment policies supporting the creation of high quality human resources or skilled labor.Thus, Law of Republic of Indonesia Number 13 year 2003 on Employment and another regulations that mandate the provision of vocational training and the establishment of the National Professional Certification which in charge of certifying the competence of work must be optimized in order to prepare skilled labour, high quality and having competitiveness and recognized by the other ASEAN countries in facing the ASEAN Economic Community 2015.
PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA KORUPSI KORPORASI
Authors: Toruan Henry Donald Lbn.
Published: September 2020

Pemeriksaan Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK) selama ini, masih seputar pelaku orang-perseorangan seperti pegawai negeri, pejabat publik, anggota DPR, direksi dan pegawai perusahaan. Belum menyentuh orang perseorangan diluar individu, yang dikenal sebagai badan hukum atau korporasi. Padahal Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2001 tentang Perubahan Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1999 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi (UUPTPK) dalam Pasal 1 ayat (3), telah menetapkan korporasi sebagai subjek tindak pidana korupsi. Tetapi kenyataannya, pemidanaan korporasi hampir jarang tersentuh. Sementara masyarakat menghendaki agar korporasi yang melakukan tindak pidana korupsi dijatuhi pidana. Oleh karena itu penting untuk dibahas dengan menggunakan metode normatif apakah korporasi merupakan subyek tindak pidana korupsi dan bagaimana bentuk pertanggung jawaban hukumnya apabila korporasi dianggap sebagai pelaku tindak pidana korupsi. Jika mengacu pada Pasal 2 ayat (1) UUPTPK berikut penjelasannya, maka tindak pidana korupsi korporasi merupakan perbuatan melawan hukum baik dalam arti formil maupun dalam arti materiil, yang perbuatannya dapat dipidana. Namun pertanggungjawaban pidana pada perbuatan melawan hukum dalam arti formil mengalami kesulitan karena hukum pidana menganut asas legalitas dimana unsur kesalahan mutlak harus dipenuhi agar seseorang dapat dipidana. Pertanggungjawaban yang mungkin dilakukan terhadap korporasi yang melakukan perbuatan melawan hukum tindak pidana korupsi adalah dalam pidana bentuk lain.

The examination of the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) over the years, is still about individuals actors such as civil servants, public officials , members of Parliament , directors and employees of the company. Besides those individual actors, there is also legal entity called corporation that has not been touched by the KPK. Eventough Law Number 20 year 2001 regarding the Amendment of Law Number 31 year 1999 on the Eradication of Corruption (UUPTPK) in Article 1 verse (3) have been mentioned corporation as the subject of corruption. But in reality, the corporation almost rarely touched criminal prosecution. While society wants corporations did corruption to be punished. Thus becomes important to discuss using normative research method whether corporation may be subject to criminal sanctions and how the format of the legal liability if corporation treated as corruption legal subject. Referring to Article 2 verse (1) UUPTPK follow this for explanation,it stated that the corporate corruption is both a tort in the sense both in formal and material sense, that his deeds may be liable. But criminal liability in tort in a formal sense finds difficulty in criminal laws adhere to the principle of legality where the absolute error element must be met in order for a person can be convicted. Accountability may be made against corporation that committed an unlawful act of corruption in another form of criminal.
PEMBENTUKAN PERATURAN DAERAH MENGENAI PAJAK DAN RETRIBUSI DI KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH MENURUT PERSPEKTIF LEGISLASI RESPONSIF*
Authors: Dayanto Dayanto , Karim Asma
Published: September 2020

Adanya kebijakan desentralisasi yang berbasis pada otonomi yang luas maka urgensi untuk menghadirkan Peraturan Daerah yang berperspektif legislasi responsif menjadi kebutuhan, termasuk Peraturan Daerah mengenai Pajak dan Retribusi. Perspektif legislasi responsif bertolak dari indikator proses pembentukan yang partisipatif dan materi muatan yang aspiratif, sehingga permasalahan yang dikemukakan dalam penelitian ini adalah apakah proses pembentukan serta materi muatan Peraturan Daerah mengenai pajak dan retribusi di Kabupaten Maluku Tengah berperspektif legislasi responsif. Dengan tipe penelitian hukum normatif-empiris ini ditemukan bahwa Peraturan Daerah mengenai pajak dan retribusi di Kabupaten Maluku Tengah proses pembentukannya belum menunjukan adanya partisipasi masyarakat yang memadai dan materi muatannya belum mengakomodir aspirasi masyarakat, sehingga penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pembentukan Peraturan Daerah mengenai Pajak dan Retribusi di Kabupaten Maluku Tengah belum berperspektif legislasi responsif. Agar praktik pembentukan Peraturan Daerah mengenai Pajak dan Retribusi di Kabupaten Maluku Tengah dapat berkesesuaian dengan tujuan otonomi daerah maka pembentukannya harus didasarkan pada perspektif legislasi responsif.

The policy of decentralization based on autonomy brings the necessity and urgency to make the Local Regulation with responsive legislation perspective, including the Local Regulation on Tax and Retribution. Responsive legislation perspective based itself on some indicators like a participative process on forming the regulation and an aspirative subject matters. Therefore the issues raised in this research is whether the formation process and subject matters of Regional Regulations on Tax and Retribution in district of Maluku Tengah has already had a responsive legislation perspective. This normative- empirical legal research found that the Local Regulation on Tax and Retribution in district of Maluku Tengah has not shown enough public participation in its formation process and has not accommodate public aspirations in its subject matters, so this research concluded that the formation of Local Regulations on Tax and Retribution in district of Maluku Tengah has not had a responsive legislation perspective. To make the formation of Local Regulations about Tax and Retribution in district of Maluku Tengah compatible with the objective of local autonomy, the formation should be based on the responsive legislation perspective.