bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kits de ayuda humanitaria: El Diseño al servicio de la eficiencia y dignidad en contextos de emergencia
Authors: Molina de la Maza María Pilar
Published: December 2020

Las catástrofes naturales son fenómenos que muestran la vulnerabilidad que tenemos como seres humanos. En pocos minutos, queda expuesta la fragilidad de los sistemas y las personas se enfrentan a la escasez y la falta de servicios para su supervivencia. Es en ese momento en que la ayuda humanitaria se convierte en un asunto de vida o muerte. Su gestión es compleja y puede transformarse en un segundo desastre, causado por la falta de un sistema integrado y que puede generar un desfase entre las necesidades y las donaciones, lo cual provoca un fenómeno llamado convergencia material. Para abarcar esta problemática se desarrolló el proyecto Kits de Ayuda Humanitaria, que plantea desde el Diseño la sistematización de la ayuda, materializada en kits y su respectivo Diseño de información y packaging, para ayudar en la reducción de las problemáticas asociadas a la emergencia. Al aprovechar el packaging con su naturaleza multifacética como una interfaz comunicativa, podemos transformar un sistema complejo en una solución que simplifica la gestión, desde la eficiencia de la logística hasta el planteamiento de un cambio cultural en torno a las donaciones, que nos permite contribuir durante una crisis de forma inclusiva, digna y pertinente.
Innovación colaborativa y responsable en el sistema packaging hacia una nueva normalidad
Authors: Giardina Clara , Celaschi Flaviano
Published: December 2020

Las crisis que afectan al planeta a nivel ambiental, social y sanitario abren nuevos escenarios y desafíos para las empresas del sistema packaging, una cadena de suministro interconectada que está llamada a actuar de forma integrada y a innovar de forma responsable. Los desafíos que están llamados a enfrentar se refieren a la distribución, las nuevas percepciones, la salud de las personas y el bienestar del planeta. En este documento se argumenta que el co-Diseño y la plataforma de mediación Observatory in Packaging Innovation, basado en procesos de colaboración y Diseño, puede fomentar la comunicación entre los principales actores de la cadena de valor interconectada del envase (es decir, la value web) e impulsar proyectos de innovación responsable a nivel de sistema, con mayores impactos que los que se lograrían por separado. Por consiguiente, el sector del embalaje se define como un sistema integrado, colaborativo y responsable, un nuevo modelo de valor compartido que funciona en proyectos de colaboración, impulsados por el Diseño y orientados a la sostenibilidad.
Situación de la empresa salvadoreña frente a la emergencia COVID-19
Authors: Guevera Mira Jaime Daniel , Cartagena de Leiva Haydee Beatriz , Pacheco Cruz Ernesto Alonso , Tovar Osegueda Diego Enrique , Palacios Chávez Santiago Ernesto
Published: December 2020

This article aims to disseminate the main findings of the research developed by the team of academics from the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Research Circle of the UCA Business Administration department. In this, the critical state in which the Salvadoran micro and small businesses is, is mainly revealed, a state caused by the COVID19 pandemic; This context shows the fragility of the economic system of a polarized country, with a growing poverty gap, inequality and difficult access to opportunities for the most disadvantaged and vulnerable groups. This poses a risk that could lead to a crisis without precedent in the country's history.
Realidad Empresarial No. 10, 2020: 32-51
El uso de los servicios financieros digitales por parte de las MYPES
Authors: Garay Rodríguez Andrya Miriam , González de Minero Sonia Jeannette
Published: December 2020

The objective of this research is to analyze the use that micro and small businesses make of digital platforms in their business activities and how this has accelerated as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, which may allow El Salvador to increase levels of financial inclusion. This article presents an analysis prior to the pandemic, where it was sought to determine the use of digital platforms in the different types of operations framed in business activities and their respective frequency. The method used was deductive, the research being descriptive, with a sample of 218 surveys of micro and small entrepreneurs. This article presents an analysis prior to the pandemic, which sought to determine the use of the platforms digital in the different types of operations framed in business activities and their respective frequency. The method used was deductive, the descriptive research, with a sample of 218 surveys of micro and small entrepreneurs.
Realidad Empresarial No. 10, 2020: 65-74
Environmental Perception and Activism through Performance:
Authors: Sweers Britta
Published: December 2020

As is argued in this article, a deeper understanding of the relationship between music and performance and environmental aspects in extreme contexts, such as the North and Alpine regions, provides insights into the constantly shifting human concepts of nature. By analyzing historical and modern accounts of nature-related music and performances in the Swiss Alpes, this article discusses the interconnectedness between local traditional performing practices, particularly yodeling, and landscape. It hereby aims at adding a critical and nuanced perspective on the often romanticized interconnectedness between nature and local cultural identity, as expressed by Alpine yodeling and extreme nature. While Alpine Switzerland is indeed exemplary of the process of landscaping through music and sound, it is actually a patchwork of a variety of musical articulations that each reflect environmental concerns and is shaped by the experience of extreme natural surroundings.
Entspannung durch das Hören einer Klangschale: Bevorzugte Klangmerkmale
Authors: Thies Wolfgang
Published: December 2020

60 Personen hörten in Einzelsitzungen wirklichkeitsnah synthetisierte Klangschalenschwingungen, die paarweise zu vergleichen waren. Die Klänge eines Paars unterschieden sich entweder durch die Geschwindigkeit des Fluktuierens oder durch die Größe der simulierten Schale. Mit der Größe ändern sich Tonlage, Anzahl und Stärkeverhältnis der Teiltöne sowie die Dauer des Ausklingens. Eine Befragung zur möglichen Entspannung durch die Klänge ergab: Eine deutliche Mehrheit der Hörer legt Wert auf das Fluktuieren des Klangs. Es sollte vorzugsweise recht langsam verlaufen. Manche Hörer bevorzugen gleichförmig verklingende bzw. rascher fluktuierende Klänge. Beim Vergleich verschiedener Schalengrößen wählt eine deutliche Mehrheit die größere Schale wegen des tieferen Klangs; das längere Ausklingen tritt in den Hintergrund. Manche Hörer bevorzugen einen höheren Klang oder möchten je nach Situation entscheiden
Money and a Room of One’s Own?! A Feminist Deconstruction of the Situation of Female Jazz Musicians 1960–1980
Authors: Schmidt Katharina
Published: December 2020

‘What does it take for a woman to be able to write a novel?' asks Virginia Woolf in A Room of One's Own. The answer is surprisingly mundane: She needs money and a room of her own. Although Woolf writes at length about passion and talent, she concludes that material preconditions are actually more crucial. Similarly, the present article argues that there has been no lack of interest in jazz among female musicians, but a lack of socially accepted possibilities for professionalisation. This article endeavours to deconstruct some of the socio-cultural contexts and frameworks of music-making in a feminist way. To this end, the most crucial findings from semi-structured interviews with Norma Winstone, Sidsel Endresen, Aki Takase and Uschi Brüning are presented and discussed. To contextualise the interviews, Bourdieu's analyses of the academic and literary fields will be referred to with relation to the institutionalisation of jazz, while questions of canonicity and historiography will be discussed, as well as questions surrounding performativity and corporeality. Linking up with research surrounding these issues in other musical styles, this article attempts to map and contextualise the debate about gender and the arts in its complex, sometimes controversial and even paradoxical dynamic.
Jazz der 1960er-Jahre in der Schweiz
Authors: Spoerri Bruno
Published: December 2020

Geradlinigkeit in der Entwicklung des Jazz finden wir nur in populären Übersichtsdarstellungen - die Wirklichkeit ist komplizierter, viel weniger zielgerichtet und meist auch widersprüchlich. Das trifft ganz besonders auf die 50er- und 60er-Jahre des 20. Jahrhunderts zu. Wir können diese Zeit nur verstehen, wenn wir zunächst genau hinschauen und erst dann verallgemeinern. Mit vier Momentaufnahmen versuche ich, erste Ansätze zu einer kritischen Betrachtung zu liefern.
Die DDR und der Jazz in den 1960er-Jahren
Authors: Weissenbacher Katharina
Published: December 2020

„Dann war es mal wieder erlaubt, dann war es verboten.“ - Jazz war in der DDR anfangs verpönt, wurde als „Affenmusik“ oder „amerikanische imperialistische Musik“ gebrandmarkt, und im Jahre 1961 sprach sich das Ministerium für Kultur explizit gegen eine Jazzbewegung aus. Als das politische System seinen Fokus im Laufe der 1960er-Jahre auf die immer stärker werdende Beatmusik-Bewegung richtete und die Qualitäten der Jazzmusiker der DDR erkannte, gelang auch dem Jazz in der DDR ein Aufschwung. Kultur wurde in der DDR vom Staat finanziert und davon profitierten auch die Jazzmusiker. Trotz Rahmenbedingungen - Musiker benötigten eine Spielerlaubnis, man durfte bei Konzerten nur 40% Musik aus dem Westen spielen, um mit Westmusikern gemeinsam auftreten zu dürfen, musste ein „Alibi-Ausländer“ in die Band geholt werden - spielten sich die Jazzmusiker in der DDR frei und auch heute stehen noch viele der „DDR-Jazz“-Veteranen wie Uli Gumpert, Friedhelm Schönfeld, Conny Bauer, Günter Sommer und Ernst-Ludwig Petrowsky auf der Bühne. Die Publikation stützt sich auf Recherchen, die im Rahmen des Doktoratsprojekts von Katharina Weissenbacher an der Kunstuniversität in Graz getätigt wurden. Sie führte Interviews mit repräsentativen Jazzmusikern aus der DDR, nahm Einsicht in die Stasi-Akten zum Thema „Jazz in der DDR“, recherchierte bei der bereits vorhandenen Literatur zu ihrem Dissertationsthema und zur Kulturpolitik in der DDR und beschäftigte sich mit Aufnahmen, u. a. aus dem Rundfunkarchiv Potsdam-Babelsberg.
DETERMINING ASYMMETRY USING SPECIFIC UNILATERAL TESTS IN YOUNG BASKETBALL PLAYERS
Authors:   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Kinesiology, Croatia, Dukarić Vedran , Rupčić Tomislav ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Kinesiology, Croatia, Feng Li ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Kinesiology, Croatia, Cigrovski Vjekoslav ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Kinesiology, Croatia, Knjaz Damir ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Kinesiology, Croatia
Published: December 2020

Defining the differences between the dominant (D) and non-dominant (ND) leg is one of the ways to determine the asymmetry between the extremities and thus the risk of injury. The aim of this research is to determine the differences in specific unilateral tests in young male and female basketball players. The sample consisted of 17 female basketball players (average height 177.96 ± 6.38 cm; average weight 69.53 ± 8.00 kg and age 15.50 ± 0.96 yr.) and 34 male basketball players (average height 194.29 ± 7.52 cm; average weight 83.66 ± 9.66 kg and age 15.40 ± 1.28 yr.) of the cadet and junior national teams. Tests were used to assess the explosive power of the lower extremities: high jump with D and ND leg take-off with arm swing (S_vis_jedn_L; S_vis_jedn_D), basketball two-step with D and ND leg take-off (Dvokorak_L, Dvokorak_D) and Drift protocol consisting of 5 consecutive unilateral jumps in place (Drift_L, Drift_D). The tests S_vis_jedn (p = 0.02) and Dvokorak (p = 0.03) showed statistically significant differences with an error of p˂0.05 in the group of male basketball players. Significant differences were found in female basketball players in the test S_vis_jedn (p = 0.03). In other tests, there are no significant differences between jumps with D and ND leg take-off. The presented results indicate differences between the extremities and represent the basis for the correction of the training plan and program. The methodology in this paper is simple to implement and analyse and is
EFFECTS OF THE "SCHOOL ON THE MOVE" PROGRAM ON THE POSTURAL STATUS OF YOUNGER SCHOOL AGE STUDENTS
Authors:   Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Serbia, Stojanović Tijana , Perić Dragan ,   ”Čair” sports center, Niš, Serbia, Stojanović Darko ,   Faculty of sport, University “Union – Nikola Tesla”, Belgrade, Serbia, Stojanović Toplica ,   Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Priština – Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
Published: December 2020

In order to determine the effects of the "School on the Move" program on the postural status of students, a survey was conducted on a sample of 22 younger school age students of both sexes for the duration of one school semester. Students were given lectures on ergonomic risk and ways of reducing ergonomic risk factors, and a number of posters and flyers with proper lifting, bag-wearing and sitting techniques were distributed. The "School on the Move" ergonomic program encouraged students to move freely on their chair or to stand up and stretch when they experienced discomfort/pain, or perform a few brief stretching exercises while sitting on their chair. The postural status of the spine was assessed in the sagittal and frontal plane (thoracic and lumbar scoliosis, kyphosis and lordosis) by the "Spinal mouse" instrument (Quantum Health and Wellness Ltd, Wallasay, England). A repeated measures ANOVA was used for statistical data processing. The results showed that during the 16-week period, there was a significant improvement in the reduction of thoracic scoliosis (p=0.003) and kyphosis (p=0.006), while there were no significant changes in the lumbar scoliosis and lordosis. On the basis of these results, it could be concluded that such a program could have a significant impact on the posture improvement of the spinal column, and that it can be practically applied in the school curriculum as a preventive measure for spinal postural status disturbance of younger school age students.
UTJECAJ POHAĐANJA IZVANNASTAVNIH SPORTSKIH AKTIVNOSTI NA FUNKCIONALNE SPOSOBNOSTI UČENIKA PETOG I ŠESTOG RAZREDA
Authors:   Visoka škola Aspira, Hrvatska, Androja Luka , Miočić Josip ,   Visoka škola Aspira, Hrvatska, Adžić Dražen ,   Osnovna škola Kožičića Benje, Hrvatska, Bilić Žarko ,   Visoka škola Aspira, Hrvatska
Published: December 2020

Uzorak je činio 121 ispitanik iz petih i šestih razreda osnovnih škola grada Zadra. Provedeno je istraživanje kako bi se utvrdile razlike između učenika koji, osim tjelesnog i zdravstvenog odgoja pohađaju i neki drugi oblik izvannastavne sportske aktivnosti. Provođenjem deskriptivne analize dobili smo rezultate koji nam pokazuju da su muški učenici koji se bave izvannastavnom aktivnošću postigli 21,28% bolje prosječne rezultate od ispitanika koji se ne bave izvannastavnim aktivnostima. Ispitanice uključene u izvannastavne aktivnosti su postigle 9,16% bolje rezultate od ispitanica koje se nisu bavile izvannastavnim aktivnostima (bolji rezultati u testu za procjenu funkcionalne sposobnosti (F6 test)). Korištenjem t-testa otkrili smo da su empirijske razine značajnosti statistički značajne (p = 0,000) za sve ispitanike kod oba spola u funkcionalnim sposobnostima (F6 test). Autori mogu tvrditi da učenici koji pohađaju neke oblike izvannastavnih sportskih aktivnosti imaju bolji rezultat u varijabi F6. Izvođenjem regresijske analize autori ne mogu predvidjeti rezultat u F6 testu na temelju antropometrijskih karakteristika tjelesne visine (TV) i tjelesne težine (TT). Broj nastavnih sati i trajanje sata tjelesnog odgoja u osnovnoj školi nije dovoljan za razvoj funkcionalne sposobnosti. Da bi poboljšali funkcionalne sposobnosti učenika, svaki bi ih učitelj trebao potaknuti da pohađaju neke dodatne oblike izvannastavnih sportskih aktivnosti u vidu poboljšanja cjelokupnog antropološkog statusa. Niže funkcionalne sposobnosti imaju posljedice i veći rizik od raznih bolesti. Stoga ne postoji aktivnost poput sportskog treninga kako bi se spriječili potencijalni problemi.
UTVRĐIVANJE ASIMETRIJE PRIMJENOM SPECIFIČNIH UNILATERALNIH TESTOVA KOD MLADIH KOŠARKAŠA
Authors:   Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Kineziološki fakultet, Hrvatska, Dukarić Vedran , Rupčić Tomislav ,   Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Kineziološki fakultet, Hrvatska, Feng Li ,   Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Kineziološki fakultet, Hrvatska, Cigrovski Vjekoslav ,   Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Kineziološki fakultet, Hrvatska, Knjaz Damir ,   Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Kineziološki fakultet, Hrvatska
Published: December 2020

Definiranje razlika između dominantne (D) i nedominantne noge (ND) jedan je od načina utvrđivanja asimetrije između ekstremiteta a samim time i rizika od ozljeđivanja. Cilj ovog istraživanja usmjeren je na utvrđivanje razlika u specifičnim unilateralnim testovima kod mladih košarkaša i košarkašica. Uzorak ispitanika činilo je 17 košarkašica (prosječne visine 177,96 ± 6,38 cm; prosječne mase 69,53 ± 8,00 kg i dobi 15,50 ± 0,96 god) i 34 košarkaša (prosječne visine 194,29 ± 7,52 cm; prosječne mase 83,66 ± 9,66 kg i dobi 15,40 ± 1,28 god) kadetske i juniorske reprezentativne selekcije. Korišteni su testovi za procjenu eksplozivne snage donjih ekstremiteta: skok u vis iz koraka odrazom D i ND nogom sa zamahom ruku (S_vis_jedn_L; S_vis_jedn_D), košarkaški dvokorak odrazom D i ND nogom (Dvokorak_L, Dvokorak_D) i Drift protokol koji se sastoji od 5 uzastopnih jednonožnih skokova u mjestu (Drift_L, Drift_D). U testovima S_vis_jedn (p=0,02) i Dvokorak (p=0,03) prikazane su statistički značajne razlike uz pogrešku p˂0,05 kod košarkaša. Kod košarkašica su utvrđene značajne razlike u testu S_vis_jedn (p=0,03). U ostalim testovima nema značajnih razlika između skokova odrazom D i ND nogom. Prikazani rezultati ukazuju na razlike između ekstremiteta te predstavljaju bazu za korekciju plana i programa treninga. Metodologija u ovom radu je jednostavna za provedbu i analizu te je usmjerena na imitaciju situacijskih uvjeta
PRIMENA ELEKTROMIOGRAFA U FUDBALU : PREGLEDNO ISTRAŽIVANJE
Authors:   Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Univerzitet u Nišu, Srbija, Katanić Borko , Ilić Predrag ,   Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Univerzitet u Nišu, Srbija, Stojmenović Aleksandar ,   Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Univerzitet u Nišu, Srbija, Stanković Mima ,   Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Univerzitet u Nišu, Srbija, Vitasović Manja ,   Konjički klub Gorska tim Beograd, Srbija
Published: December 2020

Cilj ove pregledne studije bio je da ukaže na primenu elektromiografa u fudbalu. Za pretraživanje literature korišćene su sledeće elektronske baze podataka: Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, Mendeley u periodu od 2005. do 2019. godine. Nakon procedure selekcije radova u odnosu na odgovarajuće kriterijume, odabrano je 20 studija koje odgovaraju potrebama ovog sistematskog preglednog istraživanja. Mišići koji su najviše bili ispitivani su: m.musculus quadriceps, m.biceps femoris, m.gastrocnemius, m.tibalis anterior i m. gluteus maximus. Pregledom je uočen prilično heterogen izbor tema kada je u pitanju uloga EMG u fudbalu, pa su i njihovi ostvareni rezultati grupisani prema određenim karakteristikama. S tim u vezi rezultati su razvrstani prema sledećim temama: akutni efekti specifične fudbalske aktivnosti, uticaj fudbalskog treninga snage, trening udaraca po lopti nogom, rezultati u odnosu na polne razlike i ostale teme koje nije bilo moguće razvrstati u pomenute grupe. Sumiranjem dosadašnjih rezultata stiče se uvid u višestruku primenu EMG u fudbalu sa ciljem što kvalitetnije analize neuro-mišićne aktivacije.
RAZLIKE U KINEMATIČKIM PARAMETRIMA BACAČA KLADIVA FINALISTA SVJETSKOG ATLETSKOG PRVENSTVA U LONDONU, 2017. GODINE
Authors:   Univerzitet u Istočnom Sarajevu, Fakultet fizičkog vaspitanja i sporta, Bosna i Hercegovina, Pavlović Ratko , Lamoneda Prieti Javier ,   Group Physical Activity for Health Promotion, Univ. de Granada Junta de Andalucía. Španija, Petković Emilija ,   Univerzitet u Nišu, Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Srbija
Published: December 2020

Bacanje kladiva je motorički vrlo kompleksna bacačka disciplina sa manifestacijom više različitih sila koje nastoje da onemoguće rotaciono kretanje sprave i bacača u projektovanoj sagtalnoj ravni. Kinematički parametri su jedan od segmenata u analizi atletskih disciplina, uključujući i bacanje kladiva. Cilj studije bio je da se utvrde prostorne i vremenske razlike kinematičkih parametara između muških i ženskih finalista, bacača kladiva Svjetskog prvenstva u Londonu. Studija je sprovedena na uzorku 24 finalista Svjetskog prvenstva u Londonu, 2017, sa ciljem analize razlika kinematičkih parametara između muških i ženskih bacača kladiva. Da bi se dobili potrebni rezultati primenjen je t-test za male nezavisne uzorke. Rezultati su potvrdili razlike u većini mjerenih parametara ali statistički značajne razlike između muških i ženskih finalista su potvrđene samo u visini izbačaja (T=2,992; p<0,009). Muški finalisti su bacali kladivo u prosjeku sa visine 1,74±0,13m, a žene sa 1,54±0,17m. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata kinematičkih parametara može se zaključiti da su evidentne kvantitativne i kvalitativne razlike u mjerenim kinematičkim parametrima finalista u Londonu, ali da su statistički značajne razlike evidentrane samo u visini izbačaja sprave.
Expectativas de graduandos de fisioterapia em relação à inserção do fisioterapeuta no mercado de trabalho
Authors: Calongua Mariza Antonio , Fernandes Janaína Da Silva Gonçalves
Published: December 2020

O curso de graduação em Fisioterapia proporciona mediação de conhecimentos que se constroem nas aulas práticas e estágios. Contudo, existe um descontentamento destes profissionais devido à dificuldade de ingressar no mercado de trabalho. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar as representações sociais de estudantes de Fisioterapia sobre a inserção do fisioterapeuta no mercado de trabalho. O método utilizado foi o de abordagem qualitativa, pautado na Teoria das Representações Sociais. Para a coleta de dados, foram aplicados questionário sociodemográfico e semiestruturado a 34 estudantes de fisioterapia de instituição de Ensino Superior particular. Os dados foram analisados por meio da Técnica do Discuso do Sujeito Coletivo. Os resultados possibilitaram a construção de seis discursos entre os graduandos iniciantes e concluintes do curso. Considerou-se a necessidade de fomentar o reconhecimento social e financeiro deste profissional, visto que ele é essencial nas ações preventivas, terapêuticas e de reabilitação na área da saúde humana.
Security in cyberspace in state documents and political party programmes: parliamentary elections in Poland in 2019
Authors: Urbanek Grzegorz
Published: December 2020

Security in cyberspace is an important element of any state’s policy. The formulation of strategies in this area is the responsibility of state authorities, but it should also be an object of concern for the entire political class, including the opposition. This work is an attempt to review the Polish state documents from the last few years which define threats in cyberspace and present ways of counteracting them. Among them is the Cybersecurity Strategy of the Republic of Poland for 2019–2024. The article is also an attempt to capture the views of parliamentary groupings on cybersecurity and to answer questions such as: How do representatives of the authorities perceive threats in cyberspace, also in the context of the said document? Are representatives of all parliamentary groups involved in the debate on cybersecurity? Were their postulates in this regard included in their political programmes in 2019 parliamentary campaign?
Feldforschung in sensiblen Sicherheitskontexten
Authors: Gurol Julia , Wetterich Cita
Published: December 2020

Forschende, die in sensiblen Sicherheitskontexten arbeiten, sehen sich während ihrer Feldforschung mit zahlreichen Herausforderungen konfrontiert. Ethische Fragen, Themen wie Macht und Repräsentation, aber auch die (Un-)Sicherheit der Forschenden, möglicher InterviewpartnerInnen und der erhobenen Daten sind zu beachten. Dieser Artikel thematisiert die zentralen Herausforderungen sicherheitssensibler Forschungskontexte und erarbeitet anhand zweier Beispiele - China und des südlichen Mittelmeerraums - mögliche Bewältigungsstrategien. Erst diskutieren die Autorinnen kritisch, in welchen Phasen des Forschungsprozesses sowie in welcher Form sich Sicherheitssensibilität manifestiert. Anschließend werden drei Phasen der Feldforschung herausgearbeitet - Vorbereitung, Realisierung und Evaluation - und der Umgang mit Sicherheitssensibilität sowie Fragen von (Un-)Sicherheit erörtert. Abschließend diskutieren die Autorinnen die Implikationen von Feldforschung in sensiblen Sicherheitskontexten für den Forschungsprozess und leiten generelle Handlungsempfehlungen für die Durchführung von Feldforschung in den Sozialwissenschaften daraus ab.
Wo endet wissenschaftliche Verantwortung für Daten und deren Effekte? Eine Problematisierung der Datenproliferation im Kontext politischer Entscheidungen
Authors: Jakobi Anja P.
Published: December 2020

Ethische Fragen sind in den Internationalen Beziehungen (IB) Gegenstand vieler Überblickswerke und der Methodenlehre. Forschungsethik bezieht sich dabei jedoch primär auf das Verhalten von WissenschaftlerInnen im Forschungsprozess. Dies bedeutet beispielsweise, Daten nach den gängigen ethischen Standards der Wissenschaft zu produzieren und zu interpretieren. Die zunehmende Proliferation von Daten außerhalb der Wissenschaft und die damit verbundenen Politikprozesse stellen dieses Verhältnis von Ethik, Methodik und Daten jedoch infrage. Der Beitrag fragt daher nach dem triangulären Verhältnis von Quantifizierung als sozialem Prozess, Daten als Grundlage von Entscheidungen sowie den politischen Konsequenzen von Quantifizierung und Daten. Ethische Fragen beziehen sich dabei auf jeden Einzelnen dieser Aspekte, aber insbesondere ihr Zusammenspiel wirft die Frage auf, welche Verantwortung WissenschaftlerInnen zukommt, sobald Quantifizierung und Daten Grundlage politischer Prozesse sind, die Verfahren und Daten aber nicht notwendigerweise wissenschaftlichen Qualitätskriterien genügen.
Dürfen sie nicht oder wollen sie nicht? „Kritik von innen“ in staatlichen Entwicklungsorganisationen
Authors: Christian Ben
Published: December 2020

Dieser Artikel analysiert die interne Kritikkultur der Gesellschaft für internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) und der Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (KfW). Gestützt auf semi-strukturierte Interviews mit MitarbeiterInnen beider Organisationen wird beschrieben, wie interne Kritik zwar brodelt, sich aber - wenn überhaupt - nur versteckt äußert. Welche Ursachen hat dieser defizitäre Umgang mit der Ressource „Kritik von innen“? Ein Grund ist die empfundene Unmöglichkeit, als staatliche Durchführungsorganisation Kritik am eigenen Auftraggeber zu äußern. Die Folge ist eine interne Entpolitisierung, die Widerspruch generell einschränkt. Zum anderen herrscht in beiden Entwicklungsorganisationen Angst vor dem Ergebnis einer kritischen Debatte über die Sinnhaftigkeit des eigenen Tuns. Dies führt dazu, dass eine solche Diskussion gar nicht erst geführt wird. Beides schwächt die organisationale Lernfähigkeit und führt zu Zynismus bei MitarbeiterInnen. Ausgehend von diesen empirischen Beobachtungen diskutiert der Artikel den theoretischen Mehrwert einer expliziten Auseinandersetzung mit „Kritik von innen“ und zeigt anhand konkreter Beispiele, wie eine solche Perspektive zu einem besseren Verständnis des Innenlebens von Internationalen Organisationen beitragen kann.
Konflikte und Konfliktbeilegung am Beispiel von Wettkampfschilderungen in der „Ilias“
Authors: Mauritsch Peter
Published: December 2020

Kompetitive Elemente spielen eine große Rolle im menschlichen Leben, als Entscheidungs- ebenso wie als Karrierehilfen. Unter kompetitiven Verhaltensweisen ist der Sport eine ubiquitäre Erscheinung, deren Integration in die jeweilige Gesellschaft jedoch unterschiedlich gestaltet ist. Für die griechische Antike sind zum Beispiel die Organisation großer Sportfeste und die Bedeutung, die dem Sieg beigemessen wird, signifikant. Bereits in den frühesten Erzählungen erfüllen Wettkämpfe eine bedeutende Funktion: Die Teilnehmer ebenso wie die Veranstalter werden durch ihre jeweilige Rolle herausgehoben, ihr Verhalten bei Konflikten ist ein Gradmesser für ihre Eignung zur Übernahme politischer oder militärischer Ämter. Bei den Patroklosspielen in der „Ilias“ kann Achilles, als Organisator mit unterschiedlichen Konflikten konfrontiert, sein Führungspotenzial und seine Kompetenzen unter Beweis stellen.
Automotive Industrial Supply Chain Performance Evaluation under Uncertain Constraints on Cloud Computing System
Authors: Butdee Suthep
Published: December 2020

Performance evaluation is a critical and complex task as well as uncertain demands for automotive supply chain. Several methods are applied and adopted to deal with current situations and maintain competitiveness such as fuzzy logic, neuro fuzzy, agent (multi) based evaluation, etc. However, such systems are not rapid enough to respond customer requirements by real-time on mobile cloud computing system. There are many companies that operate under the first tier company as subcontractors on the same goal. Cloud computing system is capable to monitor real-time production processes for every subcontractor to assist the 1st tier to make decision and respond customer effectively. Daily monitoring data of all subcontractors in the supply chain are stored in the central database and finally the performance evaluation can be done. The implication is cost reduction of the whole supply chain and increase competitiveness as well as continuous process improvement for all.
Simple Housing Solution Project: (Re) Building in Critical Situations
Authors: Di Gregorio Leandro , Guimarães Gustavo , Danziger Fernando , Jannuzzi Graziella , Qualharini Eduardo , Veról Aline , Haddad Assed , Miguez Marcelo , Cruz Virgílio , Bianchessi Daki
Published: December 2020

One of the significant challenges of recovery in critical situations (post-disaster, post-conflict, refugee settlement, among others) is the prompt and adequate housing (re)construction with scarce resources, and the affected population’s involvement. The Simple Housing Solution (SHS) project consists of a proposal for a methodology for (re)construction of homes and other small buildings (schools, health clinics), using low-cost construction technologies and community labour (mutual help system). The SHS project’s body of knowledge was organised in the form of a course with video lessons on YouTube and a website translated into different languages. The idea is to provide material that may help affected populations to work towards their recovery, with the support of qualified professionals (engineers and architects). The purpose of this chapter is to present the SHS Methodology and its main outputs.
Principles of Anesthesia and Airway Management in Head and Neck Surgery
Authors: Jaffar Khan Muhammad , Tageldin Tarek , Waqas Farooqi Muhammad , Qasim Khamash Odai , Shahid Umair , El-Fatih Abdul-Rahman Mohamed , Elarref Mohamed , Hassan Jazib
Published: December 2020

This topic aims to discuss key aspects of anesthetic and airway management for head and neck surgery. Airway management is a central part of patient care and management in Head and Neck Surgery. Common challenges in Head and Neck surgery are shared airway, distorted airway anatomy due to existing pathology; risk of airway obstruction, disconnection or loss of airway intra-operatively; risk of soiling of the airway due to bleeding and surgical debris; and the potential for airway compromise post-operatively. The option for airway management technique is influenced by patient’s factors, anesthetic needs, and surgical requirements. Intubation technique necessitating either a small or large cuffed tracheal tube with a throat pack provides the highest level of airway protection Non-intubation or open airway techniques involve mask ventilation, apneic techniques, and insufflation techniques, or the use of a laryngeal mask airway. Lastly, jet ventilation techniques may be conducted via a supraglottic, subglottic or transtracheal routes. It is essential to have clear airway management plans including rescue airway strategies that should be communicated with the surgeons and patients at the earliest opportunity.
Thiol Reduction and Cardiolipin Improve Complex I Activity and Free Radical Production in Liver Mitochondria of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Jatziry Hernández-Esparza Manjury , Guadalupe Flores-Ledesma Claudia , Montoya-Pérez Rocío , Calderón-Cortés Elizabeth , Saavedra-Molina Alfredo , Raimundo Rodríguez-Orozco Alain , Cortés-Rojo Christian
Published: December 2020

Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in diabetic liver disease development. Diabetes impairs complex I activity and increases ROS production in liver mitochondria. The complex I produces ROS in forward electron transfer (FET) or in reverse electron transfer (RET) modes depending on the site of electron transfer blocking and the availability of respiratory substrates. Complex I activity depends on the phospholipid cardiolipin and the redox state of reactive thiols in the enzyme. Neither the underlying factors leading to complex I dysfunction nor the mode of ROS production have been elucidated in liver mitochondria in diabetes. We tested in liver mitochondria from streptozotocin (STZ) -induced diabetic rats if the addition of cardiolipin or β-mercaptoethanol, a thiol reducing agent, recovers complex I activity and decreases ROS production with substrates inducing ROS production in FET or RET modes. Decreased complex I activity and enhanced ROS generation in FET mode was detected in mitochondria from diabetic rats. Complex I activity was fully restored with the combined treatment with cardiolipin plus β-mercaptoethanol, which also abated ROS generation in FET mode. This suggest that therapies restoring cardiolipin and reducing mitochondrial thiols might be useful to counteract impaired complex I activity and excessive ROS production in liver mitochondria in diabetes.
Clinical Applications of Brain Mapping in Epilepsy
Authors: Misciagna Sandro
Published: December 2020

EEG brain mapping is a neurophysiological technique based on computer-assisted analysis of conventional EEG. This technique, generally consisting in quantitative analysis of EEG (QEEG), includes topographic displays of frequency or voltage, statistical comparison to normal values and discriminant analysis. QEEG assessment still remains controversy about its clinical role. QEEG topographic analysis could be useful in many neurological diseases: in cerebrovascular disease EEG analysis is useful since EEG parameters are highly correlates with regional blood and metabolism; in degenerative disease (as dementia or encephalopathies) quantitative EEG frequency analysis could suggest an organic base of the disorder even if it is not able to distinguish between the types of dementia. QEEG techniques are also potentially useful in identifying anomalies in patients with cerebral trauma or in children with cognitive disorders. In the field of epilepsy EEG brain mapping could help clinics to detect spikes, locate an epileptic focus and suggest the type of epilepsy. In this chapter author describes principles of EEG brain mapping and its potential applications in particular in the epileptic field.
Renesanční ideál krásy: Tizianova Toaleta mladé ženy
Authors: Půtová Barbora
Published: December 2020

Předmětem studie je uměnovědná deskripce, analýza a interpretace Tizianova plátna Toaleta mladé ženy (1512−1515) z Obrazárny Pražského hradu. Ve studii je uplatněn ikonografický přístup k výkladu konkrétních motivů, včetně postižení historických, výtvarných i literárních předloh a vlivů. Pozornost je kladena zejména na motiv zrcadla, zrcadlení a renesanční ideál ženy v kontextu dobové módy, péče o tělo a tělesný půvab. V této souvislosti je popsán a analyzován také vznik ženského polovičního portrétu jako výtvarné inovace v dílech benátských mistrů první třetiny 16. století. Studie neopomíjí ani další verze a variace tohoto plátna z okruhu dílny Tiziana nebo malíře, kteří ve své umělecké tvorbě navázali na obraz Toaleta mladé ženy. V závěru studie je prezentován akviziční osud plátna a jeho výskyt ve sbírce Rudolfa II. na Pražském hradě.
„Pravé“ verbální trestné činy z nenávisti
Authors: Provazník Jan
Published: December 2020

Tento článek se zabývá problematikou kriminalizace nenávistných projevů z hlediska právní konstrukce příslušných trestných činů v materii trestního práva hmotného. Jeho cílem je vymezení ucelené koncepce těchto trestných činů na podkladě dvou jejich rysů, které je z hlediska nauky trestního práva hmotného činí poměrně dosti specifickými, a to jejich verbálního charakteru a prvku předsudečné nenávisti, který je v nich obsažen. Tato koncepce je nutným krokem k uvědomění si právní podstaty těchto trestných činů, a tím i předpokladem k jejich hlubší analýze a pochopení. Nejprve se tak článek věnuje pojmu trestných činů z nenávisti, v němž jako kardinální rozlišovací znak vyjadřující jeho podstatu vyzdvihuje tzv. nenávistnou diskriminační pohnutku. Té se dále věnuje blíže a vymezuje její strukturu a prvky, představuje možné přístupy k její konstrukci a dává jí užívané pojmy do souvislostí pro lepší pochopení jejich obsahu a poukazuje na její slabiny. Následně je pozornost zaměřena na konstrukci verbálních trestných činů a analýzu jejich konstitutivních znaků a teoretických souvislostí zakotvujících tento pojem v trestněprávní teorii. Na podkladě výstupů těchto dvou částí je následně představena koncepce trestných činů z nenávisti a verbálních trestných činů a jejich kombinace, na jejímž základě je pak možno rozlišovat trestné činy nepravě z nenávisti, nepravě verbální; pravě z nenávisti, nepravě verbální, nepravě z nenávisti, pravě verbální a pravě z nenávisti, pravě verbální. Výstupy těchto závěrů jsou pak testovány ilustrativním srovnáním se třemi vybranými státy, jimiž je Francie, Německo a Polsko.
A Comparative Analysis of Plotinus’ Conception of Eternity as the Life of Being and the Image of Aion in Chaldean Oracles
Authors: Makselis Rasius ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

The article presents an interpretation of Plotinius’ concept of eternity, which is defined in his treatise On Eternity and Time III.7 [45] as the “life of being.” The textual and philosophical analysis of a number of related passages from Plotinus’ Enneads concludes that the description of eternity as the life of being is neither metaphorical nor analogical. It should be understood in a technical philosophical sense, which contains direct metaphysical and phenomenological implications. Life is not an effect of intelligible reality but an ontological condition, the limit, source of activity, background for the identity of Intellect. The life of being is not identical with partial aspects of the intelligible universe, but is implied and covered by them. In the context of the Plotinian noetics, the notion of life expresses the wholeness of being in its totality—this is applicable not only to the life of intelligible being, but also true for the life of Soul, which assumes the totality of Soul’s time. Life is recognizable and experienced by living and existing beings on the basis of common liveliness and their common ontological status, so life establishes, develops and intensifies the connection of our own being with eternity via eternal in us. There are notable functional similarities between the Plotinian concept of eternity as the life of being and the image of Aion as reconstructed from fragments of Chaldean oracles—a mystical philosophical text widely read by later Neoplatonic philosophers, albeit never openly referred to by Plotinus. The comparative analysis and philosophical interpretation of the Plotinian and Chaldean concepts and images related to eternity suggest that both the sources maintain similar metaphysical roles of mediation, the transfer of unifying and animating light, causing the motion of reality. It is also significant that the Plotinian parallelism of eternity and “eternal in us” is comparable to the Chaldean image of “flower of the mind,” which is described both as a metaphysical attribute of Aion and as a specific power of Soul, which could be used by a person to acquire knowledge of divine reality.
Bridging the Gap between Civilizations: Swami Vivekananda
Authors: Juknevičius Stanislovas ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

The article analyses Swami Vivekananda’s views on differences between civilisations and how they can be overcome. It focuses on the role of religion in the process of the coming together of the civilisations of the East and West. Vivekananda treats various religions as a manifestation of one universal religion and considered the morality of the individual as the main criterion of religion. Depending on the moral requirements, Vivekananda distinguishes three basic religious steps. The simplest and most common form of religion is the fulfilment of the historically-formed religious moral requirements. Individuals with a higher need for improvement can practice meditation. People at the highest stage of moral evolution perceive their lives as a constant and tireless service to others. Vivekananda’s life and creative work is the theoretical and practical basis for these fundamental claims of universal religion.
Karl Jaspers’ Conception of the Axial Age and the Idea of Paradigmatic Individuals
Authors: Vidauskytė Lina ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

This essay analyzes Karl Jaspers’ conception of the Axial Age and the comparative idea of paradigmatic individuals (Socrates, Buddha, Confucius, Jesus) among other relevant ideas (philosophical faith, biblical religion) in the light of post-secularity. The special focus is laid on the post-war situation in Western Europe which was one of the main factors of the formation of the aforementioned conceptions and ideas. The disaster which was brought by uncontrolled nationalism in Germany forced Jaspers to rethink the crisis of humanism after World War II. Using a comparative method Jaspers seeks a unity of human spirit and with this gesture his thinking appears to be a desire to have a foundation for the common being of contemporary society. Jaspers’ interpretation of paradigmatic individuals stimulated future research on comparative civilizational philosophies.
The Aesthetics of the Intellectual (Wenrenhua) School in the Milieu of Chinese Renaissance Ideas
Authors: Andrijauskas Antanas ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

This article mainly focuses on one of the most refined movements in world aesthetics and fine art—one that spread when Chinese Renaissance ideas arose during the Song Epoch and that was called the Intellectual (Wenrenhua) Movement. The ideological sources of intellectual aesthetics are discussed—as well as the distinctive nature of its fundamental theoretical views and of its creative principles in relation to a changing historical, cultural, and ideological contexts. The greatest attention is devoted to a complex analysis of the attitudes toward the artistic creation of the most typical intellectuals, Su Shi and Mi Fu; the close interaction between the principles of painting, calligraphy, and poetry is emphasized; a special attention is paid to the landscape genre and to conveying the beauty of nature. This article discusses in detail the most important components of artist’s creative potential, the opportunities to employ them during the creative act, and the influence of Confucian, Daoist, and Chan aesthetic ideas. The various external and internal factors influencing the intellectual creative process are analyzed; artist’s psychological preparation before creating is discussed along with the characteristics of his entrance into the creative process. This article highlights the meditational nature of artistic creation typical of representatives of this movement, the freedom of the spontaneous creative act, and the quest for the inner harmony of the artist’s soul with expressions of beauty in the natural world.
The battle at Pantino at 1168 and the unity of the Serbian state
Authors: Zarković Božidar
Published: December 2020

The battle near the village of Pantino represents a turning point in the development of the Serbian medieval state. It cannot be stated with certainty when it took place, although it is asserted with great probability it happened in 1168. In this battle Stefan Nemanja defeated his brothers assisted with Byzantine's army, soldiers of fortune Turks, Frugus (Franks) and other peoples and finally ascended the throne of the great prefect of Serbia. The battle near Pantino is important due to the fact that it, directly or indirectly, found the place with great Byzantine's writers such as Joannes Kinamos and Niketas Choniates and with Nemanja's hagiography writers Stefan the First Crowned ad Domentian. Besides the above mentioned, data of this battle are fragmentized and modest and they do not give the opportunity to describe it more thoroughly. It was noticed a long time ago the battle represented a turning point for further development of Serbian medieval state, not only in political, military and organizational way but in symbolic as well. After the battle in which Stefan Nemanja defeated his brothers, the situation in Serbia became more clearer and calmer. The changes on the throne stopped happening, which after Uroš II had been so frequent. In this battle Stefan Nemanja, from the favorite of the basileus Manuel, who had just given him the area of Dubočica, and the title of "tsar's dream", became his opponent. Nemanja is appearing in it as the fighter for the state unity, contrary to his brothers whom supported by Byzantine, are struggling for sharing parts division and preservation of the previous state in which basileos had decisively influenced the great prefect choice. By his victory he achieved that the state became unique, and he came to power against the will of the basileus Manuel. The victory in the battle near Pantino reflected on the fundraising activity of Stefan Nemanja. Symbolic of the built monasteries of St. George in Ras and Studenica speaks on military victory over the enemies and on the established state unity.
El tratamiento del ritmo en el soneto rumano (1810-1914). Análisis sobre el corpus
Authors: Dobrita Laura
Published: December 2020

El primer soneto rumano data de 1810 y es en el siglo XIX cuando esta forma poética se instala en el repertorio métrico en lengua rumana. Este trabajo parte de la creación de un exhaustivo corpus de sonetos comprendidos entre 1810 y 1914 en lengua rumana y expone la concepción, la creación, la metodología y algunos de los primeros resultados del análisis de este corpus de sonetos. Centraremos la atención en el ritmo empleado, en los patrones silábicos, así como en la concreción del acento en los versos, para finalizar con una aplicación práctica de una de las teorías más recientes que propone relacionar la tonicidad con la cantidad silábica. Con este estudio se aporta una detallada descripción cuantitativa de las características métricas del soneto rumano en el siglo XIX y que ayuda a su comprensión dentro del contexto europeo.The first Romanian sonnet dates from 1810, and it is in the 19th Century when this poetic form was established within the metric repertoire in Romanian. This paper focuses on the creation of an exhaustive corpus of sonnets in Romanian language composed between 1810 and 1914. The contribution presents the conception, creation, methodology and some of the first results of the analysis of this 19th Century Romanian sonnets corpus. This work examines the rhythm used, syllabic patterns, as well as the stress in verses, to conclude with a practical application of one of the most recent theories that proposes the relation between tonicity and syllabic quantity. This study provides a detailed quantitative description of the metric characteristics of the Romanian sonnet in the 19th Century, aiming to help to the understanding of its particularities within the European context.