bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Investigation of the Wettability of Protective Glove Materials: A Biomimetic Perspective
Authors: Irzmańska Emilia , Jastrzębska Aleksandra , Kaczmarek Łukasz , Adamus-Włodarczyk Agnieszka
Published: September 2021

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the surface wettability of commercially available polymeric protective gloves, as well as to determine the effects of their surface topography in conjunction with the glove material on the hydrophobic properties of the final products, together with surface free energy (SFE) and work of adhesion.

The geometric structures imparted to the surface led to different levels of hydrophobicity and SFE. Most of the studied materials were characterized by good wettability properties. It was shown that a textured surface topography affects wettability. The highest SFE was found for nitrile butadiene rubber materials. All materials except for nitrile butadiene rubber exhibited good hydrophobic properties and relatively low work of adhesion.
Shrinking agricultural land and changing livelihoods after land acquisition in Vietnam
Authors: Tran Tuan Nguyen
Published: September 2021

The phenomenon of agricultural land shrinkage is widespread in the world. This phenomenon has many causes, of which industrialisation is one. The industrialisation process is supported in most countries by the use of land acquisition as a tool to convert land use from agricultural to non-agricultural. This research surveyed 100 land-lost households to examine the impact of farmland shrinkage on their livelihoods in Vietnam. The study focuses on three factors: employment and income, how compensation money is used, and quality of life after land loss. The results show that revenue increased by USD 1,500 per household compared to before. The rate of employment depends on age and gender. There is a drop in employment among women over 35 years old and men over 40. The use of compensation money focuses on non-farm goals, with the bright spot being an investment in education for future generations. The environment and society tend to be worse according to the subjective assessment of households, but their ultimate choice is still to enjoy life after land acquisition.
The influence of transport offer on passenger traffic in the railway transport system in a post-socialist country: case study of Poland
Authors: Jurkowski Wojciech , Smolarski Mateusz
Published: September 2021

The study examines factors influencing the number of rail passengers in Poland. The subjects of observation were 62 cities with poviat rights. The main factors influencing demand are the number of connections and the speed of trains. Therefore, we developed an original indicator – weighted number of connections, which takes into account the number of rail connections and the speed of trains. The article can be divided into two main parts: an assessment of the diversification of transport offer and transport demand in spatial terms, and an evaluation of the relationship between the variables. Poland has a large spatial diversity in terms of public rail transport offer and passenger traffic. There are three levels of city hierarchy according to the passenger number indicator: [1] Warsaw, [2] the largest agglomerations [3] other regional cities. Transport offer was found to have a statistically significant impact on transport demand.
Growth performance and survival rates of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) reared on diets containing Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) larvae meal
Authors: Nairuti Rita N. , Munguti Jonathan M. , Waidbacher Herwig , Zollitsch Werner
Published: September 2021

A 72-day feeding trial was conducted at Sagana fish farm to assess the effects of substitution of fish meal (FM) with black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) on the growth performance and survival rates of Nile tilapia. Four test diets were formulated and substitution of FM by BSFLM made at 0%, 33%, 67% and 100%. 240 male Nile tilapia (52.3 ± 0.29 g) were divided into 4 groups (4 replicates) each and were placed in 16 hapa nets (15 fish/hapa), mounted in an 800 m2 earthen pond. Fish were fed twice per day at 5% of the body weight. Sampling of the fish was done biweekly; mortalities were recorded daily while the physico-chemical parameters were monitored weekly. The growth performance and survival rates of the Nile tilapia were not significantly different (p > 0.05) between treatments. In conclusion, the present study indicates that full fat BSFLM can replace up to 100% of the FM without negative effects on the growth performance and survival rates of Nile tilapia, although the slight trend towards reduced growth for the 100% substitution diet points at the need for future studies on increasing the nutritional value of BSFLM, for example, by further processing.
Multidisziplinäre Untersuchungen zur nachhaltigen Stickstoffdüngung unter Berücksichtigung der Möglichkeiten der satellitengestützten Präzisionslandwirtschaft
Authors: Essl Laura , Atzberger Clement , Sandén Taru , Spiegel Heide , Blasch Julia , Vuolo Francesco
Published: September 2021

Im Forschungsprojekt FATIMA (FArming Tools for external nutrient Inputs and water MAnagement) wurde ein integrierter Ansatz für die Optimierung des Stickstoffmanagements in der Landwirtschaft gewählt. Neben der technischen Komponente, die die Verarbeitung von Sentinel-2-Satellitendaten umfasste, wurden auch die sozio-ökonomischen Aspekte eines verbesserten Nährstoff-managements untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass LandwirtInnen vor allem an zeitnahen Applikationskarten zur teilflächenspezifischen Stickstoffausbringung interessiert sind. Im Zuge des Projekts wurde nicht nur ein Feldversuch für die Validierung der Satellitendaten als Grundlage einer ökonomischen Analyse angelegt, sondern auch eine funktionierende Online-Anwendung für teilflächenspezifische Stickstoffdüngung, basierend auf aktuellen und historischen Satellitenbildern, entwickelt und getestet.
Using FORDRY model to forecast transformation of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands in Nadsyansky Regional Landscape Park (Ukrainian Carpathians)
Authors: Kozak Ihor , Parpan Taras , Shparyk Yuriy , Mylenka Myroslava , Kozak-Balaniuk Iryna
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study was to simulate transformation of species composition, biomass and number of treesin spruce stands depending on a possible combination of cutting and planting scenarios as well as climate changes. The FORDRY computer model was used to predict the dynamics of Norway spruce (Piceaabies (L.) Karst.) stands in Nadsyansky Regional Landscape Park in the Ukrainian Carpathians. Potential changes in species composition, biomass and number of trees were forecasted for the next 50 years. Four scenarios, first – warm-dry, second – cutting dead spruce trees, third – cutting all trees andfourth – planting, were compared to the control one. The analysis revealed a rapid decrease of stand biomass in the first decade as a result of spruce decline. The model predicts an increase in beech biomass before the 50th year of simulation in all scenarios. In the planting scenario, the biomass of beech increased up to 199.9 ± 6.9 t·ha-1 in the 50th year. Correlation analysis showed weak autocorrelations of spruce and negative cross-correlations of spruce with the total stand in control and other scenarios. The output of performed simulations is supported with field and literature data. Results of this study can be applied in the long-term planning of the management and conservation activities in this region. The application of FORDRY model was found useful for analysing the potential scenarios of spruce stand transformation in Nadsyansky Regional Landscape Park.
Air temperature as a determinant of the forest line in the Tatras
Authors: Baranowski Jarosław , Kędzia Stanisław
Published: September 2021

The forest line has been widely studied by a number of scientists representing various research disciplines. Changes in its position are an indicator of climate change. However, despite numerous studies, it is not always known what has the greatest influence on the position of the forest line. In the Tatras, which are Alpine moun-tains, the position of the forest line in places not disturbed by human activity or slope processes mainly depends on the annual mean air temperature and the number of days with negative temperature and its value in the warm season. The most unfavourable thermal conditions are found at the bottoms of concave landforms, just above the forest line. This thermal barrier effectively limits the upward movement of the forest line, even if the average annual temperature increases. Small concave landforms may have a higher vertical temperature gradient and lower air temperature values at their bottoms than larger and higher-lying forms.
Slope aspect and altitude effect on selected soil organic matter characteristics in Beskid Mountains forest soils
Authors: Staszel Karolina , Błońska Ewa , Lasota Jarosław
Published: September 2021

In the era of dynamic climate change, it is important to have knowledge on the interactions between climatic factors and processes occurring in the soil environment. The present study aimed to determine how slope aspect and altitude above sea level influence carbon and nitrogen accumulation and dehydrogenases activity of forest soils. The study was conducted in the Beskid Żywiecki in the south-facing part of Poland. Soils of the same texture, with similar vegetation species composition, in different altitude variants (600, 800, 1000 and 1200 m above sea level) and different north-facing and south-facing slope aspect were selected for the study. For each height and slope aspect variant, samples were collected from the surface horizons of soils for further analyses. The basic chemical properties and dehydrogenases activity of the soil samples were determined. Carbon and nitrogen stocks in the surface horizons of the soils were calculated. The analyses confirmed the influence of location conditions on the carbon and nitrogen stocks in mountain forest soils. The stock of carbon and nitrogen increased with the height up to 1000 m a.s.l. In the soils at the highest altitude, the reserve of carbon and nitrogen decreased regardless of the slope aspect variant. There were no statistically significant differences in carbon and nitrogen stocks between slope aspect variant. The highest dehydrogenases activity was associated with the organic horizons of the soils at the lowest altitude in height gradient. In our study, higher dehydrogenases activity was observed in the north-facing slope soils, and this finding can be explained by more stable thermal conditions.
The proposal of a new provisional border of range of the acidophilous oak forest Calamagrostio arundinaceae-Quercetum petraeae Hartm. 1934 Scam. et Pass. 1959 in central Poland
Authors: Zaniewski Piotr T. , Wojciech Ciurzycki , Ewa Zaniewska
Published: September 2021

The range of acidophilous oak forest from Quercetea robori-petraeae Br-Bl. et Tx. ex Oberd. 1957 in Central Europe depends largely on the syntaxonomical concept used and is still provisional. The most continental association from this class occurring in Poland is Calamagrostio arundinaceae-Quercetum petraeae Hartm. 1934 Scam. et Pass. 1959. It is present in western and central Poland, but its eastern boundary is not well known. The aims of the study were to survey and document new patches of Calamagrostio-Quercetum in central Poland, to check the internal variation of the association and to summary the known distribution of it in lowlands of central-western and central Poland. 23 phytosociological relevés were made within new stands together with soil sampling. New relevé data was subjected to the numerical Wards classification together with acidophilous oak forests datasets from western Poland and oak-pine forests ones from eastern part of the Country. The new dataset was similar to Calamagrostio-Quercetum. Three subassociations were distinguished. Soil parameters and oak site index did not differ from acidophilous oak forest stands from other parts of Poland. The provisional range of Calamagrostio-Quercetum in central Poland was proposed to be moved by circa 60–90 km to the north-east (approximately as far as the Vistula river line) in order to include south-western part of Mazowsze.
Evaluation of the growth, drought tolerance and biochemical compositions of introduced red currant cultivars and Russian breeding genotypes in temperate continental climate
Authors: Panfilova Olga , Okatan Volkan , Tsoy Mikhail , Golyaeva Olga , Knyazev Sergey , Kahramanoğlu İbrahim
Published: September 2021

The aim of the work was to study the growth, drought tolerance and biochemical characteristics of introduced cultivars (‘Jonkheer van Tets’, ‘Hollandische Rote’ and ‘Viksne’) and some selected Russian cultivars and red currant genotypes (‘Shchedraya’, ‘Natali’, 129-21-61, 111-19-81, 261-65-19 and 271-58-24). The studies were conducted between 2014 and 2018 under temperate continental climate conditions. The intensity of transpiration was determined by using a torsion balance. The soluble solid concentration (SSS – % Brix) of the fruits was determined by using a digital refractomer. The content of the sum of sugars was determined by the weight method according to Bertrand's method. Ascorbic acid content was then determined by the iodometric method. The total phenolic content was determined by a colourimetric method. Climatic conditions were found to have significant influence on the disease severity of the red currant genotypes, while the infections caused by Sphaerotheca mors-uvae increased in optimum seasons and damages caused by Pseudopeziza ribis increased in drought seasons. None of the selected genotypes was found to be resistant to any of the diseases/pests, but ‘Jonkheer van Tets’, ‘Hollandische Rote’ and 111-19-81 were less affected by these diseases/pests. Weight, yield and raceme length of berries and the number of berries in a raceme were found to be higher in optimum seasons, and different cultivars/genotypes had superior characteristics for different parameters. The highest berry weight was observed in the 261-65-19 genotype (0.65 g), while the highest yield was noted in ‘Hollandische Rote’ (15.6 t · ha−1). It was also found that the water content of leaves and transpiration have a strong positive relationship with soil moisture at a depth of 0–200 mm but a week correlation with soil moisture at a depth of 200–400 mm. Results also showed that the transpiration of leaves decreases in later developmental stages (July). Hierarchical clustering suggested four clusters: the introduced cultivars produced one cluster, Russian cultivars are another cluster, 261-65-19, 111-19-81 and 129-21-61 genotypes make up a third cluster and the 271-58-24 genotype (superior in terms of phenolic contents) forms the fourth cluster.
Impact of economic conditions on (restricted) immigration to the United States: The Polish case
Authors: Schwabe Michał
Published: September 2021

Throughout the twentieth century, United States has been the most desirable destination for international migrants, primarily due to its economic performance and also to American values – work ethics and tolerance of ethnic diversity. This paper aims to test if selected economic indicators might influence international migration. To this end a time series analysis was performed with time series regression model, where lagged values of various macroeconomic indicators were tested for a significant impact on migration flows. This paper also cast a light on U.S. labour migration's legislation and history, as well as current migrant stock characteristics. It gives specific attention to Polish migrant population, as Polish Americans constitute the largest Polish diaspora worldwide. The results of the analysis show that U.S. immigration volumes are sensitive to American unemployment rate and American GDP growth (pull factors). However, analysing Polish migration volumes to the U.S. a significant correlation with selected American indicators was not revealed. On the contrary, Polish migration flows to the U.S. were correlated with Polish economic growth and the Polish unemployment rate fluctuations (push factors).
The impact of financial crises on changes to the models of corporate governance
Authors: Rudolf Stanisław
Published: September 2021

This study aims to define the impact of two largest crises of 1997–1998 and 2007–2008 on changes to the models of corporate governance. In order to achieve the assumed aim, a critical analysis of specialist literature and relevant legal regulations has been applied. The analysis is focused on changes in the main models of corporate governance, namely: in the Anglo-Saxon (monistic) model and in the German (dualistic) model. Generally, they can be defined as of evolutionary nature but some deeper changes have taken place under the influence exerted by the above-mentioned crises. The latter crisis has emphasized the important role of corporate governance in banks and other financial institutions. Changes in corporate governance are largely affected by international institutions or organizations, such as the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) or the European Commission. Their recommendations and guidelines have contributed to the dissemination of so-called good practice codes. The considerations presented below allow the author to state that in both analyzed models of corporate governance, changes occur in the same or similar direction lines (the phenomenon of convergence). It can be also observed that the first analyzed crisis has caused larger changes in the monistic model, whereas the second crisis has affected the dualistic model in a more significant way.
Methods of management of bottom sediments from selected water reservoirs – a literature review
Authors: Tomczyk-Wydrych Ilona , Świercz Anna
Published: September 2021

Sediment accumulation is a process that is typical of all types of water reservoirs. The rate and pattern of such accumulation are related to processes taking place in catchments that produce the sediments and to those within reservoirs that determine the percentage of the inflowing load that is trapped and where it is deposited. To keep reservoirs in working order requires desilting and managing of such bottom sediments once they are removed. The choice of strategy for sediment management depends on chemical and physical properties which result from both natural and anthropogenic processes. To varying degrees, these sediments may be contaminated with chemical compounds, especially trace metals. Therefore, research is needed in order to assess the quality of sediments, which will allow to opt for the proper management strategy. Based on an analysis of the available literature, the possibility of using sediments from reservoirs has been determined, using quality criteria and in accordance with applicable law and regulations.
Analysis of cropping intensity and irrigation intensity in North Twenty Four Parganas district, West Bengal, India
Authors: Mondal Tarun Kumar , Sarkar Santana
Published: September 2021

An attempt has been made in this paper to analyse the spatio-temporal variations of cropping intensity and irrigation intensity, and their relationship, in North Twenty Four Parganas district in West Bengal, India from 1996/97 to 2015/16. The relationship between cropping intensity and irrigation intensity has been assessed using partial correlation, residual mapping and hierarchical cluster analysis. One-way ANOVA has been conducted for testing the equality of cluster means. Temporal analysis from 1996/97 to 2015/16 has shown a low positive correlation between cropping intensity and irrigation intensity for the entire district. Analysis at Agricultural Block level has revealed that cropping intensity decreased in many cases even after an increase in irrigation intensity. In general, cropping intensity has increased with the increase in irrigation intensity in the Coastal Saline Region and the Ichhamati Basin, whereas cropping intensity has increased even after a decrease in irrigation intensity in the Gangetic Plains Region in the district.
The Effectiveness of China's Foreign Trade Liberalization
Authors: Cieślik Andrzej , Tseyang Tenzin
Published: September 2021

This paper studies the ex-post trade effects of China's multilateral, regional and bilateral trade liberalization using augmented gravity and panel data estimation methods for the period 1995–2016. China's accession to the WTO was revealed to have had a significant impact on the volume of trade as well as on bilateral exports and imports. Regional trade agreements and the majority of bilateral trade agreements were found not to be effective in increasing China's foreign trade. Only the agreements with Chile, Costa Rica and Switzerland were effective in increasing China's trade volume. Moreover, the results for Chile were driven by increases in both exports and imports, while for Costa Rica and Switzerland only by increased imports from these countries.
The Rhetorical Handling and Construction of Uncertainty in Tax Litigation Concerning Valuation of Financial Instruments
Authors: Sandell Niklas
Published: September 2021

A tax litigation concerning the value of non-traded financial instruments is impregnated by uncertainty. The aim of this paper is to study how uncertainty inherent in financial valuation models is discursively and rhetorically handled and constructed by the litigating parties as well as the court. A discourse analysis guided by the notion of hedging is conducted on The Swedish Tax Agency v. PwC (2013, 2014). The analysis demonstrates a sparse use of hedging. Rather, certainty characterizes tax litigation. However, the analysis shows that the litigating parties as well as the court participates in the construction of claims as facts, distancing themselves from their own claims and decisions.
Ethical and Legal Responsibility of Multinational Corporate Groups for a Fair Share of Taxes
Authors: Scherer Anna-Lena , Schmiel Ute
Published: September 2021

This paper deals with the question whether there are reasons to deem multinational corporate groups ethically or legally responsible for paying their fair share of taxes. Ethical concepts argue that companies should generally be held responsible, but these findings contradict the mainstream market theory that understands companies as legal fictions and therefore not ethically but merely legally responsible. In contrast, we base our argumentation on the political-cultural market theory. We find that this theory provides reasons to ascribe an ethical responsibility for paying their fair share of taxes to multinational corporate groups. We argue, moreover, that this ethical responsibility also speaks for a legal responsibility. The prevailing tax law, particularly the arm's length principle, does generally not see groups as tax subjects. This currently missing legal responsibility gives reasons to rethink tax law. Therefore, we analyze whether the OECD Pillar One proposal may be an alternative to existing law.
Gamma radiation calculations and gamma blocker design for the high-energy beam transport region of the European Spallation Source
Authors: Szymczyk Karol S. , Wronka Sławomir
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this paper is to present the Monte-Carlo calculations performed to design a special element called gamma blocker (GB), necessary to stop the gamma radiation in the Accelerator-to-Target (A2T) section of European Spallation Source (ESS) linac. Very high levels of gamma radiation emitted backward from the activated target through the beam pipe could effectively block any human intervention close to the beam transport system. The residual dose rate in the linac tunnel was calculated without and with different GBs as a function of time. The final GB material and dimensions are proposed.
Role of Internal Variability of Climate System in Increase of Air Temperature in Wrocław (Poland) in the Years 1951–2018
Authors: Marsz Andrzej A. , Styszyńska Anna , Bryś Krystyna , Bryś Tadeusz
Published: September 2021

In the course of analysing the annual air temperature in Wrocław (TWr), a rapid change of the thermal regime was found between 1987 and 1989. TWr increased by >1°C, a strong, statistically significant positive trend emerged. The analysis of processes showed that strong warming in the cold season of the year (December–March) occurred as a result of an increase in the NAO intensity and warming in the warm season because of increased sunshine duration in Wrocław (ShWr). Multiple regression analysis has shown that the winter NAO Hurrell's index explains 15% of TWr variance, and the ShWr of the long-day (April–August) period 49%, whereas radiative forcing 5.9%. This indicates that the factors incidental to the internal variability of the climate system explain 64% of the TWr variability and the effect of increased CO2 concentration only ~6%. The reason for this rapid change of the thermal regime was a radical change in macro-circulation conditions in the Atlantic-European circular sector, which took place between 1988 and 1989. The heat, which is the cause of warming in Wrocław, comes from an increase in solar energy inflow (April–August) and also is transported to Europe from the North Atlantic surface by atmospheric circulation (NAO). These results indicate that the role of CO2 in shaping the contemporary temperature increase is overestimated, whereas the internal variability of the climate system is underestimated.
Emergency Transfemoral Amputation in a Severely Sick and Hemodynamically Unstable Patient through Eco-Guided Peripheral Nerve Block: Case Report
Authors: Franca V Muniz Luis Flavio , Francisco Meireles Jessica , Kajita Daissuke , Ameloti G Avelino Melissa
Published: September 2021

Critically ill and/or anticoagulated patients remain a great challenge for anesthesiologists regarding the anesthetic procedure. Its perioperative management should focus on organ preservation and avoid further damage. In this context, ultrasound-guided regional blocks are essential tools, as they avoid neuraxial invasion and deterioration in borderline hemodynamics, conferred by spinal anesthesia and general anesthesia, respectively. In this report, we present a case of a patient with septic shock, anticoagulated, and in need of an emergency surgical approach in the right lower limb in which ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block was essential for a favorable outcome for the patient. Case Report: Patient in septic shock in need of amputation of the right lower limb at the level of the thigh, with unstable hemodynamics and severe respiratory conditions, undergoing ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block, of the right femoral, sciatic and lateral cutaneous nerves of the thigh, as a single anesthetic technique. Conclusion: Regional anesthesia of the peripheral nerve guided by ultrasound as a unique anesthetic technique, performed by experienced professionals or under supervision, is effective and safe for lower limb surgical procedures. We suggest this approach, especially in hemodynamically borderline patients or seriously ill with or without anticoagulation.
Adoecimento mental dos médicos na pandemia do COVID-19
Authors: Meleiro Alexandrina Maria Augusto da Silva , Danila Arthur Hirschfeld , Humes Eduardo de Castro , Baldassin Sergio Pedro , Silva Antonio Geraldo da , Oliva-Costa Edméa Fontes de
Published: September 2021

Introdução: A pandemia por COVID-19 exacerbou a angústia existencial em relação a morte. A insegurança e incerteza relacionadas aos limites da ciência, devido à falta de consenso científico sobre essa nova doença, convocam a necessidade de investigar, refletir e revisar as informações sobre problemas de saúde mental vinculados ao trabalho médico, especialmente para os que estão na linha de frente da assistência a pessoas com COVID-19, bem como discutir o estigma relacionado ao sofrimento psíquico desta população, em especial nesta pandemia, e identificar precocemente possíveis adoecimentos psíquicos e facilitar à busca imediata de assistência em saúde mental. Métodos: revisão narrativa visando discutir o estado da arte e atualização do conhecimento sobre o adoecimento psíquico dos médicos na pandemia do COVID-19. Discussão: A literatura aponta que discentes, residentes, docentes e profissionais da Medicina apresentam importantes prevalências de Transtorno Mental Comum, Sintomas Depressivos, Burnout e Suicídio. A pandemia de COVID-19 apresenta um risco de aumento de prevalência de transtornos mentais, comumente referida como quarta onda da pandemia, associada a elementos biopsicossociais do período de quarentena e priorização dos cuidados físicos em detrimento dos psíquicos. Conclusões: Instituições de saúde devem realizar uma reflexão profunda sobre o seu papel na promoção, manutenção e a criação de atividades e de programas de prevenção do sofrimento psíquico ou transtornos mentais identificados nos profissionais médicos que lá atuam. Estas contribuirão para o planejamento de melhores estratégias que preservem a saúde mental destes com consequências positivas na sociedade como um todo.
Comparison of a Traditional Landfill and a Mechanically-Biologically Treated waste Landfill (Case study; Kirkuk landfill)
Authors: Al-jaf Aeesha F. O. , Al-ameen Jathwa A.I
Published: September 2021

Owing to the increasing population in Kirkuk, Iraq and the consequent rise in the production of waste, alongside with global warming caused by an increase in the greenhouse gases concentrations, a high level of emissions was observed at the landfill site near Kirkuk. These emissions can be transmitted by the wind over considerable distances and adversely affect the environment and individual health. In this study, two pilot scale columns were built to investigate different options for achieving sustainability by reducing long-term landfill emissions. Each reactor was packed with (8.5) kg of shredded synthetic solid waste (less than 5 cm) that was prepared according to an average composition of domestic solid waste in the city of Kirkuk. The main result of this study was that the pretreatment of the waste may shorten the transition time for active methane development and increase the methanogenesis of the landfill site and also affects COD removals efficiencies which were 19.11% and 66.53% for columns A and B respectively.
WETTING AND DRYING CYCLES EFFECT ON DURABILITY OF GYPSUM SOILS TREATED WITH CALCIUM CHLORIDE OR CEMENT ADDITIVES
Authors: Muhauwiss Farouk M. , Hassoun Sura Saad
Published: September 2021

The study consists of two stages: the first one is to improve the gypsum soil with cement or calcium chloride and the second stage is to expose these soil specimens to series of wetting and drying cycles .Three soil specimens were taken and marked as (A,B and C) with gypsum content (47, 32 and 23)% respectively .The results show that cement additive increases the cohesion of soil specimens to 50% and collapse potential decreases with 65% and soil specimens improved with calcium chloride increase the cohesion up to more than 70% and collapse potential decreased about 70%. In the first cycle for wetting and drying cycles for soil specimens improved with cement the cohesion decreases about 25% and stays with the same ratio of the decreasing along the other cycle up to twelfth cycle. Collapse potential remains with the same value and is not affected by cycling of wetting and drying. In the first cycle for soil specimens treated with calcium chloride there is no effect in the first cycle whereas in the fourth cycle the cohesion increased by 60% and in the eighth cycle the cohesion decreased 8% and remains stable until the twelfth cycle. Collapse potential increases from one cycle to another by (30-50) % for all soil specimens.
Structural Behavior Of Simple Supported Two Layers Reinforced Concrete (Normal strength concrete & Mortar with 3-Dimension glass fiber), Beams
Authors: Yasen Zena J. , Lateef Assim M. , Khazaal Ammar S.
Published: September 2021

This paper represents an experimental investigation of the layered concrete beam. It contains studying the possibility of using the mortar intervention with layers of glass fibre at the tension zone in a loaded supported concrete beam. To produce a beam with less weight than the beam with all Normal concrete and detecting the effect of this replacement on beam properties. A rectangular beams section (150*200*1000)mm cast with NSC (normal strength concrete) at compression zone and mortar with layers of 3D glass fibre used as a part of the tension zone. The produced beams are layered beams with a lighter weight than the homogenous RC beam. Three deferent levels of the replaced layers (1/3,1/2, and 2/3 of the beam thickness) were studied, all beams were tested under Two point load till failure.The maximum load capacity result shows an apparent lowering in the load capacity of the beam, but as the lightweight layer increases, this lowering in the load capacity becomes less. for (1/3,1/2 and 2/3) of the beam thickness replace with mortar and 3D textile fibre, the lowering percentage of failure load compare with the homogenous reinforced concrete beam are (33.04%, 27.18%, and 19.73%), and the lowering in weight is (5.45%%, 9.07%, and 12..92%)for the same sequence, respectively.Stiffness, ductility and toughness of all beams are tested. An apparent lowering in the stiffness value of the layered beams is recorded with the reference ones. At the same time, it shows an increase in the toughness and toughness value.
Textile-Reinforced Mortar (TRM) Strengthened One-Way Reinforced Concrete Slabs
Authors: Dheyab Amenah S. , Raoof Saad M.
Published: September 2021

The issue of upgrading and strengthening the reinforced concrete (RC) infrastructure has become of great importance. Recently, textile-reinforced mortar (TRM) was used in the field of structural strengthening. In the current study, using of TRM for flexural retrofitting of one-way reinforced concrete (RC) slabs was experimentally and theoretically investigated. The parameters examined included; the number of TRM layers (1, 3, 5 layers) and the strengthening configuration fully and partially). For this purpose, eight specimens were prepared and tested under three points- loading up to failure. The result showed that the TRM increases substantially the flexural capacity of RC slabs. The highest flexural capacity increase recorded was 103 %. It was also noted that increasing the number of retrofitting layers resulted in different increases in the flexural capacity. It was also shown that the strengthening configuration plays an important role in the effectiveness of the technique. The fully covered approach showed higher loading capacity than the partial cover technique provided that the same TRM layer is applied. Finally, the ultimate moment of the strengthened specimens was calculated theoretically and compared with that obtained experimentally. The results of calculations showed a good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results.
SPH Open Boundary Simulation of Free-Surface Flow Over Ogee-crested Spillway
Authors: Karim Rizgar Ahmed , Mohammad Jowhar Rasheed
Published: September 2021

This study was conducted to compare water surface profiles with standard ogee-crested spillways. Different methods were used, such as (experimental models, numerical models, and design nomographs for the United States Army Corps of Engineers, USACE). In accordance with the USACE specifications, three different models were constructed from rigid foam and then installed in a testing flume. The water surface profile has been recorded for these models with different design heads. For modeling the experimental model configurations, a numerical model based on the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) technique was used and is developed to simulate the water surface profile of the flow over the ogee-crested spillway. A 2D SPHysics open-source software has been used in this study, using the SPH formulation to model fluid flow, developing the SPH boundary procedure to handle open-boundary simulations, and modifying the open-source SPHysics code for this purpose. The maximum absolute difference between the measured and computed results of the water surface profile for all head ratios of (H/Hd), does not exceed 4.63% at the crest region, the numerical results for the water surface profile showed good agreement with the physical model results. The results obtained experimentally and numerically by SPH are compared with the CFD results in order to be more reassuring from the results. Additional comparisons were made using interpolated data from USACE, Waterways Experiment Station (WES), and design nomographs. The SPH technique is considered very promising and effective for free surface flow applications.
The Effect of Death Anxiety on Psychosocial Adjustment in Individual With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Togluk Sabri , Çuhadar Döndü
Published: September 2021

Objectives:

This study was carried out in a descriptive manner to determine the effect of death anxiety on psychosocial adjustment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Materials and Methods:

The study was carried out on 150 inpatients and outpatients who were being treated at the thoracic diseases department of a state hospital during January 1– April 20, 2016. Personal information form, death anxiety scale (DAS) and psychosocial adjustment to illness scale-self report (PAIS-SR) were used for data acquisition. The data were analysed through IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 22 software.

Results:

The DAS score average of the patients was determined as 6.96 ± 3.45, PAIS-SR total score average was determined as 67.54 ± 14.96. A positive and statistically significant relationship was determined between the death anxiety of the patients and their psychosocial adjustments (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

It can be concluded as a result of the study that the death anxieties of COPD patients are at a moderate level, that their psychosocial adjustments to the disease are at a bad level and that their psychosocial adjustments to the illness and to life are disrupted with increasing death anxiety. Psychiatry nurses can contribute to increasing the psychosocial adjustment to the illness of the patient by helping the patient and his/her family in adjusting to the changes in their life styles, preventing non-beneficial adjustments, developing the coping skills of the patient and his/her family and accordingly making the necessary planning.
Eğitim Harcamaları, Gelir ve Eşitlik İlişkisi: Akdeniz Üniversitesi Örneği
Authors: KÖSE Didem , AKYOL Servet
Published: September 2021

Çalışmanın temel amacı, farklı statüdeki bireylerin eğitim harcaması, gelir ve eşitlik ilişkisini Akdeniz Üniversitesi örneğinde incelemektir. Çalışmada, eğitim harcamaları ve gelir düzeyini ölçmek için nicel araştırma yöntemi benimsenmiş, sahaya ilişkin veriler anket aracılığıyla elde edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda araştırmanın örneklemini farklı statülerde bulunan akademik, idari ve işçiler oluşturmaktadır. Anketlerden elde edilen veriler, EKK ve Probit regresyon modelleri ile incelenmiştir.
Çalışmanın sonucuna göre, ebeveynlerin eğitim durumları, toplumsal statüleri ve gelir düzeyleri eğitim harcamalarını ve eğitim tercihlerini önemli ölçüde etkilemektedir. Ebeveynlerin aylık gelir miktarı ile çocuklarını özel eğitim kurumuna gönderme şanslarının aynı yönlü olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Türkiye Tarihinde Vergi Afları ve Vergi Aflarının Vergi Gayreti Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: GÖDE Bilal
Published: September 2021

Devletler kamu hizmetlerinin sunumunu gerçekleştirebilmek adına maddi kaynağa ihtiyaç duymaktadırlar. Bu kaynağın sağlanması adına vergiler devletler için en önemli gelir kaynağıdır. Devletler yetkileri dâhilinde gerçekleşen ekonomik faaliyetlerden bu vergileri toplamaktadır. Vergiler ödenmemesi durumunda ise bireyler üzerinde yük, vergi idaresinde ve vergi yargısında bir yığılmaya sebep olmaktadır. Devlet bu sıkıntıları aşmak ya da farklı sebeplerle vergi alacağından kısmen ya da tamamen vazgeçebilmekte ve bu alacaklarına yönelik olarak af çıkarabilmektedir. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti tarihi boyunca vergi affı uygulamasına sıklıkla başvurmuştur. Cumhuriyet tarihi boyunca uygulanan 36 af uygulamasından 26 tanesinde vergi gelirleri nispi olarak değişmemiş yahut düşmüştür; yalnızca 10 uygulamada kayda değer artış sağlanabilmiştir. Bu durum vergi affı uygulamasının genel olarak olumlu sonuçlanmadığını göstermektedir.
Türkiye İmalat Sektöründe Ar-Ge Yatırımlarının Belirleyicileri
Authors: ŞENALP Umut Erksan
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye imalat sanayiinde faaliyet gösteren firmaların araştırma ve geliştirme (Ar-Ge) faaliyetinde bulunma kararlarını belirleyen faktörleri analiz etmektir. Bu analiz için, Ar-Ge Faaliyetleri Araştırması, Yıllık Sanayi ve Hizmet İstatistikleri ve Yıllık İş Kayıt Çerçeveleri olmak üzere, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu’nun paylaştığı üç ayrı mikro veriden faydalanılmıştır. Bu verilerin birleştirilmesi sonucu elde ettiğimiz ve 2003-2015 yıllarını kapsayan panel veri kullanılarak, firma büyüklüğü ve kimi firma karakteristik özelliklerinin Ar-Ge yatırım kararına etkileri incelenmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre firma büyüklüğündeki artışın, ciro ya da çalışan sayısı ile ölçme tercihimizden bağımsız olarak, Ar-Ge faaliyetinde bulunma ihtimalini arttırdığı tespit edilmiştir.
Demografik Göstergelerin Enflasyonla İlişkisi: Avrupa Birliği Örneği
Authors: KAPLAN Emin Ahmet , BURGAZ Neslihan
Published: September 2021

AB ülkelerinin “baby boom” sonrası kadın başına düşen çocuk sayısı hızla azalmış ve günümüzde bu sayı nüfusun yenilenme düzeyinin altında seyretmiştir. Kadın başına çocuk sayısının azalması nedeniyle genç bağımlı nüfus ve çalışma çağındaki nüfus yapısı da etkilenmiştir. Bu süre zarfında bilim, teknoloji ve sağlık sistemindeki gelişmeler neticesinde ölüm oranları azalmış ve yaşlı bağımlı nüfus artmıştır. Doğum ve ölüm oranlarındaki azalışın demografik göstergelere yansıması toplam talep ve toplam arz aracılığıyla enflasyonu etkilemektedir.
Bu kapsamda çalışmada AB ülkelerinde 1996-2020 dönemine ait demografik göstergelerin enflasyon üzerinde etkisini test etmek için panel veri analizi yapılmıştır. Bağımlı değişken olarak enflasyon, bağımsız değişken olarak ise demografik göstergeler, GSYH ve işsizlik kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonucuna göre yaşlı bağımlı nüfusun, ekonomik büyümenin, işsizliğin, çalışma çağındaki nüfusun enflasyonu düşürdüğü, genç bağımlı nüfusun ve nüfus artış hızındaki artışın ise enflasyonu yükselttiği tespit edilmiştir.
Covid-19 Risk Algısının Doğrudan ve Düzenleyici Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi: Teknoloji Kabul Modeli Değişkenleri Üzerinden Bir Araştırma
Authors: ALTAY Safak
Published: September 2021

İnsanların hayatları üzerinde etkileri olan Covid-19 virüsü, 2020 yılında ortaya çıktığı zamandan itibaren pandemi halini alarak bütün dünyayı etkilemiştir. Pandemi sürecinde bireyler eğitim gibi alanlarda geri kalmamak ve görevlerini yerine getirmek için teknolojilerden faydalanmaya çalışmaktadırlar. Teknoloji olanaklarının kullanımı hem bireysel tercihlerden hem de risk oluşturan durumlardan dolayı bir zorunluluk halini almıştır. Bu çalışmada bireylerin uzaktan eğitim sistemlerine yönelik Teknoloji Kabul Modeli (TAM) değişkenleri olan kullanım kolaylığı ile kullanışlılık algılarının belirlenmesi ve Covid-19 risk algısının bu algılar üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemek amaçlanmaktadır. Ayrıca mevcut risk algılarının kullanışlılık ve kullanım kolaylığı arasında düzenleyici etkisinin olup olmadığının belirlenmesi de araştırma amaçları arasında yer almaktadır. Araştırma uzaktan eğitim sistemini kullanan üniversiteler arasından seçilen Ardahan Üniversitesi akademisyenleri örneklemi üzerinden yapılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde kısmı en küçük kareler yapısal eşitlik modellemesi (PL-SEM) kullanılmıştır. Covid-19 risk algısının TAM değişkenleri üzerinde kısmı etkilerinin olduğu, düzenleyici etkilerinin ise bulunmadığı belirlenmiştir.
İnsan Kaynakları Uygulamalarının Algılanan Örgütsel Performansa Etkisi
Authors: KUZUTÜRK Belkıs , KIRKBEŞOĞLU Erdem , TUZLUKAYA Şule
Published: September 2021

Günümüz rekabet koşulları göz önünde bulundurulduğunda insan kaynakları uygulamaları gerek akademik gerekse de uygulama açısından değerlendirilsin, örgütler için ayırt edici bir unsur olarak kabul görmektedir. Etkili insan kaynakları yönetim ve uygulamalarının örgüt performansına doğrudan olumlu katkıları bulunmaktadır. İnsan kaynakları yönetimi, uyguladığı politikalar ve uygulamalar ile bireysel ve örgütsel hedeflerin başarımının eş zamanlı olmasında önemli rol üstlenmektedir. Geçen süreçte İKY uygulamalarını etkin bir şekilde sürdüren örgütler önemli kazanımlar elde etseler de birçok örgüt için tersine, kazanımlar istenilen düzeyde gerçekleşmemiştir. Aslında temel sorun İKY uygulamalarının içeriğiyle ilgili değildir. Özellikle kurumsallaşma düzeyi düşük birçok işletme yalnızca öykünmeci bir tavırla bu uygulamaları benimsemekte ve sonucu olarak performans artışı ve personel memnuniyeti sağlayamamaktadır. Diğer yandan kimi zaman performans artışı sağlayan birçok örgüt ise bunu başarısız İKY uygulamalarına rağmen sağlayabilmektedir. Bu nedenle çalışmamızda örgütsel performans kavramını karlılık veya verimlilik gibi somut çıktılar üzerinden değil çalışanların gözünden değerlendirmeyi amaçladık ve İKY uygulamalarının çalışan gözünden örgütsel performans üzerindeki etkisini sınadık. Elde edilen sonuçlar, insan kaynakları uygulamalarından işe alım, katılımcı karar alma, performans değerleme, ödüllendirme ve güçlendirme eylemlerinin örgütsel performans üzerinde anlamlı etkisi olduğu ortaya koyarken; uluslararası yazında etkisi olduğu kanıtlanan kurum içi eğitimler ve iş güvencesi değişkenlerinin herhangi anlamlı bir etki sağlamadığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Türkiye gibi çevresel belirsizliklerin yüksek olduğu bağlamlarda bu etkileşimin gerekçeleri yine bu çalışmada tartışılmıştır.
Drawing The Boundaries Of Economic Sociology: A Critical Assessment
Authors: SADİ İhsan Ercan
Published: September 2021

It can be argued that the core of the subfield of new economic sociology (NES) is consisted of two inter-related yet distinct foundational criticisms by the sociologists to mainstream economics: i) that its commitment to rational choice leads to an “under-socialized” concept of the agent; and ii) that it can correct the mainstream understanding of market affairs, if the concept of “embeddedness” is included in the analysis. In this paper, I will argue that these dual criticisms are insufficient, due to; first, even in the economics discipline itself, such a reconceptualization of the agent had already been posed long before the NES scholars even formulated their criticisms, and thus such criticisms had already been absorbed by the conventional economic thinking as exceptions to the rule; and second, the introduction of the concept of “embeddedness” by the NES cannot overturn neoclassical economics, since the NES scholars hardly differ from the heterodox-minded economists as both focus merely on the interpersonal and situational (while largely dismissing the structural) dimensions of power relations.
Sermaye Yapısının Karlılık Üzerindeki Etkisi: TCMB Sektör Bilançoları Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: ARSLANTÜRK ÇÖLLÜ Duygu
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, sermaye yapısı kararlarının Türkiye reel sektör çatısı altında faaliyet gösteren firmaların karlılığı üzerinde yarattığı etkileri 2010-2019 dönemi için sektör bazlı olarak analiz etmektir. Araştırmada, TCMB tarafından ilan edilen 17 sektöre ilişkin sektör bilançoları dikkate alınarak, panel veri analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmada karlılığı temsilen özsermaye karlılığı, aktif karlılığı ve net kar marjı kullanılırken, sermaye yapısı göstergesi olarak ise kısa vadeli borç, uzun vadeli borç ve toplam borç oranları dikkate alınmıştır. Ayrıca karlılığı etkileyebilecek aktif büyüklüğü, büyüme fırsatı, varlık yapısı yapısı ve cari oran şeklindeki kontrol değişkenleri de analize dahil edilmiştir. Panel veri analizi sonuçları, genel olarak sermaye yapısı değişkenlerinin karlılık üzerinde negatif yönlü ve zayıf bir etkisi olduğunu göstermekte ve daha fazla yabancı kaynak kullanımının karlılığa zarar verdiğine işaret etmektedir. Ayrıca aktif büyüklüğü ve cari oranın karlılığı olumsuz yönde etkilediği de tespit edilmiştir.