bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transient Response of Polar‐Cusp Ionosphere to an Interplanetary Shock
Authors: Liu Jianjun , Chakraborty Shibaji , Chen Xiangcai , Wang Zhiwei , He Fang , Hu Zejun , Liu Erxiao , Bat‐Erdene Amarjargal , Han Desheng , Ruohoniemi J. Michael , Baker Joseph B. H. , Yang Huigen , Zong Qiugang , Hu Hongqiao
Published: March 2023

Interplanetary (IP) shock‐driven sudden compression of the Earth's magnetosphere produces electromagnetic disturbances in the polar ionosphere. Several studies have examined the effects of IP shock on magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling systems using all‐sky cameras and radars. In this study, we examine responses and drivers of the polar ionosphere following an IP shock compression on 16 June 2012. We observe the vertical drift and concurrent horizontal motion of the plasma. Observations from digisonde located at Antarctic Zhongshan station (ZHO) showed an ionospheric thick E region ionization and associated vertical downward plasma motion at F region. In addition, horizontal ionospheric convection reversals were observed on the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network ZHO and McMurdo radar observations. Findings suggest that the transient convective reversal breaks the original shear equilibrium, it is expected that the IP shock‐induced electric field triggers an enhanced velocity shear mapping to the E region. The horizontal motion of the plasma was attributed to only the dusk‐to‐dawn electric field that existed during the preliminary phase of sudden impulse. We also found that ionospheric convection reversals were driven by a downward field‐aligned current. The results of these observations reveal, for the first time, the immediate and direct cusp ionosphere response to the IP shock, which is critical for understanding the global response of the magnetosphere following an abrupt change in Interplanetory Magnetic Field (IMF) and solar wind conditions.
Modeling Features of Field Line Resonance Observable by a Single Spacecraft at Saturn
Authors: Elsden T. , Southwood D. J.
Published: March 2023

The observations of Southwood et al. (2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028473), using data from the Cassini magnetometer from the final (proximal) orbits of the mission at Saturn, show large scale azimuthally polarized magnetic signals are always present near periapsis. The signals were attributed to standing Alfvén waves excited on the magnetic shells planetward of the Saturn D‐ring. The apparent absence of any systematic variation in frequency as the spacecraft crossed magnetic shells, implied that the signals were not simply locally excited standing Alfvén modes, but were pumped by coupling to global compressional eigenmodes excited in a cavity formed in the dayside magnetosphere. In this study, we use a numerical magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model to test such theoretical explanations for the observations, by examining in detail the MHD wave coupling and large scale spatial structure of the signals. The modeling not only shows good agreement with the data but further provides new insight into features previously overlooked in the data. In particular, we show how the apparent frequency of a single spacecraft observation is affected by the phase variation present in a local field line resonance.
The Mechanism for the Barrier of Lunar Regolith on the Migration of Water Molecules
Authors: Li Yasheng , Wen Zhi , He Chengdan , Wei Yanjing , Gao Qiang
Published: March 2023

This paper reports the study of potential water retention mechanisms based on the migration process of water molecules in the lunar regolith. First, we propose innovative definitions for the adsorption barrier coefficient, the collision barrier coefficient, and the total barrier coefficient for water molecule migration in the lunar regolith. Second, we derive an equation that relates the different barrier coefficients. Finally, we develop an equation for the diffusion coefficient of water in the regolith. The results are as follows. The collision barrier coefficient is a function of the soil layer porosity and pore number density and increases with increasing pore number density and decreasing porosity. The adsorption barrier coefficient depends on the soil temperature, adsorption heat, porosity, and pore number density and decreases sharply with increasing temperature. The adsorptive capacity of lunar soil to adsorb water molecules increases with increasing the adsorption barrier coefficient. For soil layers with a lower temperature, adsorption plays a more important role than collision in hindering the migration of molecules in the regolith. The total barrier coefficient increases with decreasing temperature, increasing adsorption heat, decreasing porosity, and increasing pore number density. Our results suggest that the water loss rate is inversely proportional to the total barrier coefficient. The water loss rate decreases with decreasing soil temperature, increasing adsorption heat, decreasing porosity, and increasing pore number density. Namely, water is more likely to be retained in areas where the regolith has a low temperature, large adsorption heat, and both low porosity and large pore number density.
Spatial Patterns of Major Ions and Their Relationship to Sediment Concentration in Near Surface Glacier Ice, Taylor Valley Antarctica
Authors: Bergstrom A. , Welch K. A. , Gooseff M. N.
Published: March 2023

Glaciers form the headwaters of many watersheds and, in arid polar environments, can provide the vast majority of water to downstream systems. Headwater watersheds are critically important for setting the chemistry for downstream systems, yet we know comparatively little about the patterns and processes that generate the geochemical signature of meltwater on glacier surfaces. Here, we focus on glaciers in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, the largest ice‐free area on the continent, characterized by alpine glaciers flowing into broad, rocky valleys. We examine patterns from the coast inland, accumulation to ablation zones, laterally across individual glaciers, and through the zone of meltwater generation. We directly compare solutes to sediment concentrations, a major source of dissolved solutes. Our findings agree with previous work that the overall meltwater chemistry of a given glacier is a product of local sediment sources and regional wind patterns: foehn winds moving from the ice sheet to the coast and on‐shore sea breezes. Further, these patterns hold across an individual glacier. Finally, we find that the ice chemistry and sediment profiles reflect freeze‐thaw and melt processes that occur at depth. This indicates that the transport and weathering of sediment in the ice profile likely has a strong influence on supra‐ and proglacial stream chemistry. This new understanding strengthens connections between physical and geochemical processes in cold‐based polar glacier environments and helps us better understand the processes driving landscape and ecosystem connectivity.
Exploring Mission Design for Imaging Spectroscopy Retrievals for Land and Aquatic Ecosystems
Authors: Raiho A. M. , Cawse‐Nicholson K. , Chlus A. , Dozier J. , Gierach M. , Miner K. , Schneider F. , Schimel D. , Serbin S. , Shiklomanov A. N. , Thompson D. R. , Townsend P. A. , Zareh S. , Skiles M. , Poulter B.
Published: March 2023

The retrieval algorithms used for optical remote sensing satellite data to estimate Earth's geophysical properties have specific requirements for spatial resolution, temporal revisit, spectral range and resolution, and instrument signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) performance to meet biogeoscience objectives. Studies to estimate surface properties from hyperspectral data use a range of algorithms sensitive to various sources of spectroscopic uncertainty, which are in turn influenced by mission architecture choices. Retrieval algorithms vary across scientific fields and may be more or less sensitive to mission architecture choices that affect spectral, spatial, or temporal resolutions and spectrometer SNR. We used representative remote sensing algorithms across terrestrial and aquatic study domains to inform aspects of mission design that are most important for impacting accuracy in each scientific area. We simulated the propagation of uncertainties in the retrieval process including the effects of different instrument configuration choices. We found that retrieval accuracy and information content degrade consistently at >10 nm spectral resolution, >30 m spatial resolution, and >8‐day revisit. In these studies, the noise reduction associated with lower spatial resolution improved accuracy vis à vis high spatial resolution measurements. The interplay between spatial resolution, temporal revisit, and SNR can be quantitatively assessed for imaging spectroscopy missions and used to identify key components of algorithm performance and mission observing criteria.
Biogeographic Patterns of Sulfur in the Vegetation of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhao Wenzong , Xiao Chunwang , Li Mingxu , Xu Li , Li Xin , Zhu Xingyu , Cheng Changjin , He Nianpeng
Published: March 2023

Sulfur (S) plays an important role in plant growth and development. However, due to climatic conditions and limited data availability, the variation and allocation of S are largely unknown at regional or global scales. In this study, we systematically evaluated the S distribution patterns and storage in vegetation on the Tibetan Plateau for the first time, based on consistent field‐measured data of 2,040 plant communities. The mean S contents of leaves, branches, trunks, and roots were 1.68, 0.40, 0.19, and 1.45 g kg−1, respectively; corresponding to S densities of 0.40 × 10−2 (9.57%), 1.18 × 10−2 (28.38%), 1.37 × 10−2 (32.90%) and 1.21 × 10−2 t hm−2 (29.15%), respectively. The mean S densities for forests (5.59 ± 0.26 × 10−2 t hm−2) were higher than that of shrublands (4.54 ± 0.51 × 10−2 t hm−2), grasslands (1.03 ± 0.07 × 10−2 t hm−2), and deserts (1.32 ± 0.28 × 10−2 t hm−2). The S density was generally lower in the northwest and higher in the southeast of the Tibetan Plateau and had divergent allocation patterns between different plant organs and vegetation types. Furthermore, we found that S in leaves and roots was more strongly influenced by environmental factors and was particularly sensitive to radiation and atmospheric pressure. Moreover, the total S storage in the vegetation of the Tibetan Plateau was estimated to be 337.32 × 104 t, with 114.32 × 104 (33.89%), 92.36 × 104 (27.38%), 128.77 × 104 (38.17%), and 1.86 × 104 t (0.55%) in the forests, shrublands, grasslands, and deserts, respectively. Our study clarified the S densities of different plant organs and ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau and compiled 1 × 1 km vegetation S density data sets, which could help determine the key parameters for regional S cycle models in the future.
LncRNA XIST regulates breast cancer stem cells by activating proinflammatory IL-6/STAT3 signaling
Authors: Ma Yuxi , Zhu Yongyou , Shang Li , Qiu Yan , Shen Na , Wang Jonathan , Adam Tiffany , Wei Wei , Song Qingxuan , Li Jun , Wicha Max S. , Luo Ming
Published: March 2023

Aberrant expression of XIST, a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) initiating X chromosome inactivation (XCI) in early embryogenesis, is a common feature of breast cancer (BC). However, the roles of post-XCI XIST in breast carcinogenesis remain elusive. Here we identify XIST as a key regulator of breast cancer stem cells (CSCs), which exhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase positive (ALDH+) epithelial- (E) and CD24loCD44hi mesenchymal-like (M) phenotypes. XIST is variably expressed across the spectrum of BC subtypes, and doxycycline (DOX)-inducible knockdown (KD) of XIST markedly inhibits spheroid/colony forming capacity, tumor growth and tumor-initiating potential. This phenotype is attributed to impaired E-CSC in luminal and E- and M-CSC activities in triple-negative (TN) BC. Gene expression profiling unveils that XIST KD most significantly affects cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, leading to markedly suppressed expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 in ALDH- bulk BC cells. Exogenous IL-6, but not IL-8, rescues the reduced sphere-forming capacity and proportion of ALDH+ E-CSCs in luminal and TN BC upon XIST KD. XIST functions as a nuclear sponge for microRNA let-7a-2-3p to activate IL-6 production from ALDH- bulk BC cells, which acts in a paracrine fashion on ALDH+ E-CSCs that display elevated cell surface IL-6 receptor (IL6R) expression. This promotes CSC self-renewal via STAT3 activation and expression of key CSC factors including c-MYC, KLF4 and SOX9. Together, this study supports a novel role of XIST by derepressing let-7 controlled paracrine IL-6 proinflammatory signaling to promote CSC self-renewal.
Engineered exosomes from different sources for cancer-targeted therapy
Authors: Zhang Menghui , Hu Shengyun , Liu Lin , Dang Pengyuan , Liu Yang , Sun Zhenqiang , Qiao Bingbing , Wang Chengzeng
Published: March 2023

Exosome is a subgroup of extracellular vesicles, which has been serving as an efficient therapeutic tool for various diseases. Engineered exosomes are the sort of exosomes modified with surface decoration and internal therapeutic molecules. After appropriate modification, engineered exosomes are able to deliver antitumor drugs to tumor sites efficiently and precisely with fewer treatment-related adverse effects. However, there still exist many challenges for the clinical translation of engineered exosomes. For instance, what sources and modification strategies could endow exosomes with the most efficient antitumor activity is still poorly understood. Additionally, how to choose appropriately engineered exosomes in different antitumor therapies is another unresolved problem. In this review, we summarized the characteristics of engineered exosomes, especially the spatial and temporal properties. Additionally, we concluded the recent advances in engineered exosomes in the cancer fields, including the sources, isolation technologies, modification strategies, and labeling and imaging methods of engineered exosomes. Furthermore, the applications of engineered exosomes in different antitumor therapies were summarized, such as photodynamic therapy, gene therapy, and immunotherapy. Consequently, the above provides the cancer researchers in this community with the latest ideas on engineered exosome modification and new direction of new drug development, which is prospective to accelerate the clinical translation of engineered exosomes for cancer-targeted therapy.
Mechano-boosting nanomedicine antitumour efficacy by blocking the reticuloendothelial system with stiff nanogels
Authors: Li Zheng , Zhu Yabo , Zeng Haowen , Wang Chong , Xu Chen , Wang Qiang , Wang Huimin , Li Shiyou , Chen Jitang , Xiao Chen , Yang Xiangliang , Li Zifu
Published: March 2023

Nanomedicine has been developed for cancer therapy over several decades, while rapid clearance from blood circulation by reticuloendothelial system (RES) severely limits nanomedicine antitumour efficacy. We design a series of nanogels with distinctive stiffness and investigate how nanogel mechanical properties could be leveraged to overcome RES. Stiff nanogels are injected preferentially to abrogate uptake capacity of macrophages and temporarily block RES, relying on inhibition of clathrin and prolonged liver retention. Afterwards, soft nanogels deliver doxorubicin (DOX) with excellent efficiency, reflected in high tumour accumulation, deep tumour penetration and outstanding antitumour efficacy. In this work, we combine the advantage of stiff nanogels in RES-blockade with the superiority of soft nanogels in drug delivery leads to the optimum tumour inhibition effect, which is defined as mechano-boosting antitumour strategy. Clinical implications of stiffness-dependent RES-blockade are also confirmed by promoting antitumour efficacy of commercialized nanomedicines, such as Doxil and Abraxane.
One-minute sit-to-stand test as a quick functional test for people with COPD in general practice
Authors: Spence J. G. , Brincks J. , Løkke A. , Neustrup L. , Østergaard E. B.
Published: March 2023

Assessing changes in functional exercise capacity is highly relevant in the treatment of people with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), as lung function is often static. In Denmark, most people with COPD are followed in general practice where traditional functional tests, like six-minute walk test, require too much time and space. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a quick functional exercise capacity test that can be performed in a limited setting, such as general practice. This study aimed to identify a quick test to measure functional exercise capacity in people with COPD and identify which factors could affect the implementation of such a test in general practice. A mixed method feasibility study composed of a literature review and qualitative interviews was used. Quick functional tests for people with COPD were identified and evaluated through the COSMIN methodology. For the interviews, 64 general practices were included, and 50 staff members and 14 general practitioners (GPs) participated in the interviews. Responses were categorized and thematically analyzed. The 1 min sit-to-stand-test (1 M STST) was found suitable for a general practice setting. The COSMIN methodology rated it “sufficient” in reliability (ICC 0.90–0.99), measurement error (MID 2.5–3), construct validity and responsiveness (AUC 0.72), and found a moderate to strong correlation in criterion validity (r = 0.4–0.75). Several GPs wished for a quick functional test and emphasized evidence, information, and limitations as essential when deciding on implementation. Other factors identified included time, other tests, and economy. 1 M STST is a valid test to assess functional exercise capacity in people with COPD. The test is quick and can easily be performed in a standard consultation, and several GPs wished for such a test.
Differences in HPV-specific antibody Fc-effector functions following Gardasil® and Cervarix® vaccination
Authors: Roy Vicky , Jung Wonyeong , Linde Caitlyn , Coates Emily , Ledgerwood Julie , Costner Pamela , Yamshchikov Galina , Streeck Hendrik , Juelg Boris , Lauffenburger Douglas A. , Alter Galit
Published: March 2023

Gardasil® (Merck) and Cervarix® (GlaxoSmithKline) both provide protection against infection with Human Papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) and Human Papillomavirus 18 (HPV18), that account for around 70% of cervical cancers. Both vaccines have been shown to induce high levels of neutralizing antibodies and are known to protect against progression beyond cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2+), although Cervarix® has been linked to enhanced protection from progression. However, beyond the transmission-blocking activity of neutralizing antibodies against HPV, no clear correlate of protection has been defined that may explain persistent control and clearance elicited by HPV vaccines. Beyond blocking, antibodies contribute to antiviral activity via the recruitment of the cytotoxic and opsonophagocytic power of the immune system. Thus, here, we used systems serology to comprehensively profile Gardasil®- and Cervarix®- induced antibody subclass, isotype, Fc-receptor binding, and Fc-effector functions against the HPV16 and HPV18 major capsid protein (L1). Overall, both vaccines induced robust functional humoral immune responses against both HPV16 and HPV18. However, Cervarix® elicited higher IgG3 and antibody-dependent complement activating responses, and an overall more coordinated response between HPV16 and 18 compared to Gardasil®, potentially related to the distinct adjuvants delivered with the vaccines. Thus, these data point to robust Fc-effector functions induced by both Gardasil® and Cervarix®, albeit with enhanced coordination observed with Cervarix®, potentially underlying immunological correlates of post-infection control of HPV.
Ultrafast tunable lasers using lithium niobate integrated photonics
Authors: Snigirev Viacheslav , Riedhauser Annina , Lihachev Grigory , Churaev Mikhail , Riemensberger Johann , Wang Rui Ning , Siddharth Anat , Huang Guanhao , Möhl Charles , Popoff Youri , Drechsler Ute , Caimi Daniele , Hönl Simon , Liu Junqiu , Seidler Paul , Kippenberg Tobias J.
Published: March 2023

Early works1 and recent advances in thin-film lithium niobate (LiNbO3) on insulator have enabled low-loss photonic integrated circuits2,3, modulators with improved half-wave voltage4,5, electro-optic frequency combs6 and on-chip electro-optic devices, with applications ranging from microwave photonics to microwave-to-optical quantum interfaces7. Although recent advances have demonstrated tunable integrated lasers based on LiNbO3 (refs. 8,9), the full potential of this platform to demonstrate frequency-agile, narrow-linewidth integrated lasers has not been achieved. Here we report such a laser with a fast tuning rate based on a hybrid silicon nitride (Si3N4)–LiNbO3 photonic platform and demonstrate its use for coherent laser ranging. Our platform is based on heterogeneous integration of ultralow-loss Si3N4 photonic integrated circuits with thin-film LiNbO3 through direct bonding at the wafer level, in contrast to previously demonstrated chiplet-level integration10, featuring low propagation loss of 8.5 decibels per metre, enabling narrow-linewidth lasing (intrinsic linewidth of 3 kilohertz) by self-injection locking to a laser diode. The hybrid mode of the resonator allows electro-optic laser frequency tuning at a speed of 12 × 1015 hertz per second with high linearity and low hysteresis while retaining the narrow linewidth. Using a hybrid integrated laser, we perform a proof-of-concept coherent optical ranging (FMCW LiDAR) experiment. Endowing Si3N4 photonic integrated circuits with LiNbO3 creates a platform that combines the individual advantages of thin-film LiNbO3 with those of Si3N4, which show precise lithographic control, mature manufacturing and ultralow loss11,12.
Blocking NS3–NS4B interaction inhibits dengue virus in non-human primates
Authors: Goethals Olivia , Kaptein Suzanne J. F. , Kesteleyn Bart , Bonfanti Jean-François , Van Wesenbeeck Liesbeth , Bardiot Dorothée , Verschoor Ernst J. , Verstrepen Babs E. , Fagrouch Zahra , Putnak J. Robert , Kiemel Dominik , Ackaert Oliver , Straetemans Roel , Lachau-Durand Sophie , Geluykens Peggy , Crabbe Marjolein , Thys Kim , Stoops Bart , Lenz Oliver , Tambuyzer Lotke , De Meyer Sandra , Dallmeier Kai , McCracken Michael K. , Gromowski Gregory D. , Rutvisuttinunt Wiriya , Jarman Richard G. , Karasavvas Nicos , Touret Franck , Querat Gilles , de Lamballerie Xavier , Chatel-Chaix Laurent , Milligan Gregg N. , Beasley David W. C. , Bourne Nigel , Barrett Alan D. T. , Marchand Arnaud , Jonckers Tim H. M. , Raboisson Pierre , Simmen Kenny , Chaltin Patrick , Bartenschlager Ralf , Bogers Willy M. , Neyts Johan , Van Loock Marnix
Published: March 2023

Dengue is a major health threat and the number of symptomatic infections caused by the four dengue serotypes is estimated to be 96 million1 with annually around 10,000 deaths2. However, no antiviral drugs are available for the treatment or prophylaxis of dengue. We recently described the interaction between non-structural proteins NS3 and NS4B as a promising target for the development of pan-serotype dengue virus (DENV) inhibitors3. Here we present JNJ-1802—a highly potent DENV inhibitor that blocks the NS3–NS4B interaction within the viral replication complex. JNJ-1802 exerts picomolar to low nanomolar in vitro antiviral activity, a high barrier to resistance and potent in vivo efficacy in mice against infection with any of the four DENV serotypes. Finally, we demonstrate that the small-molecule inhibitor JNJ-1802 is highly effective against viral infection with DENV-1 or DENV-2 in non-human primates. JNJ-1802 has successfully completed a phase I first-in-human clinical study in healthy volunteers and was found to be safe and well tolerated4. These findings support the further clinical development of JNJ-1802, a first-in-class antiviral agent against dengue, which is now progressing in clinical studies for the prevention and treatment of dengue.
The menin inhibitor revumenib in KMT2A-rearranged or NPM1-mutant leukaemia
Authors: Issa Ghayas C. , Aldoss Ibrahim , DiPersio John , Cuglievan Branko , Stone Richard , Arellano Martha , Thirman Michael J. , Patel Manish R. , Dickens David S. , Shenoy Shalini , Shukla Neerav , Kantarjian Hagop , Armstrong Scott A. , Perner Florian , Perry Jennifer A. , Rosen Galit , Bagley Rebecca G. , Meyers Michael L. , Ordentlich Peter , Gu Yu , Kumar Vinit , Smith Steven , McGeehan Gerard M. , Stein Eytan M.
Published: March 2023

Targeting critical epigenetic regulators reverses aberrant transcription in cancer, thereby restoring normal tissue function1–3. The interaction of menin with lysine methyltransferase 2A (KMT2A), an epigenetic regulator, is a dependence in acute leukaemia caused by either rearrangement of KMT2A or mutation of the nucleophosmin 1 gene (NPM1)4–6. KMT2A rearrangements occur in up to 10% of acute leukaemias and have an adverse prognosis, whereas NPM1 mutations occur in up to 30%, forming the most common genetic alteration in acute myeloid leukaemia7,8. Here, we describe the results of the first-in-human phase 1 clinical trial investigating revumenib (SNDX-5613), a potent and selective oral inhibitor of the menin–KMT2A interaction, in patients with relapsed or refractory acute leukaemia (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04065399). We show that therapy with revumenib was associated with a low frequency of grade 3 or higher treatment-related adverse events and a 30% rate of complete remission or complete remission with partial haematologic recovery (CR/CRh) in the efficacy analysis population. Asymptomatic prolongation of the QT interval on electrocardiography was identified as the only dose-limiting toxicity. Remissions occurred in leukaemias refractory to multiple previous lines of therapy. We demonstrate clearance of residual disease using sensitive clinical assays and identify hallmarks of differentiation into normal haematopoietic cells, including differentiation syndrome. These data establish menin inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for susceptible acute leukaemia subtypes.
A 21-year dataset (2000–2020) of gap-free global daily surface soil moisture at 1-km grid resolution
Authors: Zheng Chaolei , Jia Li , Zhao Tianjie
Published: March 2023

Global soil moisture estimates from current satellite missions are suffering from inherent discontinuous observations and coarse spatial resolution, which limit applications especially at the fine spatial scale. This study developed a dataset of global gap-free surface soil moisture (SSM) at daily 1-km resolution from 2000 to 2020. This is achieved based on the European Space Agency - Climate Change Initiative (ESA-CCI) SSM combined product at 0.25° resolution. Firstly, an operational gap-filling method was developed to fill the missing data in the ESA-CCI SSM product using SSM of the ERA5 reanalysis dataset. Random Forest algorithm was then adopted to disaggregate the coarse-resolution SSM to 1-km, with the help of International Soil Moisture Network in-situ observations and other optical remote sensing datasets. The generated 1-km SSM product had good accuracy, with a high correlation coefficent (0.89) and a low unbiased Root Mean Square Error (0.045 m3/m3) by cross-validation. To the best of our knowledge, this is currently the only long-term global gap-free 1-km soil moisture dataset by far.
First assessment of underwater sound levels in the Northern Adriatic Sea at the basin scale
Authors: Petrizzo Antonio , Barbanti Andrea , Barfucci Giulia , Bastianini Mauro , Biagiotti Ilaria , Bosi Sofia , Centurelli Michele , Chavanne Robert , Codarin Antonio , Costantini Ilaria , Cukrov Car Marinela , Dadić Vlado , Falcieri Francesco M. , Falkner Raffaela , Farella Giulio , Felli Mario , Ferrarin Christian , Folegot Thomas , Gallou Roger , Galvez Daphnie , Ghezzo Michol , Kruss Aleksandra , Leonori Iole , Menegon Stefano , Mihanović Hrvoje , Muslim Stipe , Pari Alice , Pari Sauro , Picciulin Marta , Pleslić Grgur , Radulović Marko , Rako-Gospić Nikolina , Sabbatini Davide , Soldano Giulia , Tęgowski Jarosław , Vučur-Blazinić Tihana , Vukadin Predrag , Zdroik Jakub , Madricardo Fantina
Published: March 2023

The protection of marine habitats from human-generated underwater noise is an emerging challenge. Baseline information on sound levels, however, is poorly available, especially in the Mediterranean Sea. To bridge this knowledge gap, the SOUNDSCAPE project ran a basin-scale, cross-national, long-term underwater monitoring in the Northern Adriatic Sea. A network of nine monitoring stations, characterized by different natural conditions and anthropogenic pressures, ensured acoustic data collection from March 2020 to June 2021, including the full lockdown period related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Calibrated stationary recorders featured with an omnidirectional Neptune Sonar D60 Hydrophone recorded continuously 24 h a day (48 kHz sampling rate, 16 bit resolution). Data were analysed to Sound Pressure Levels (SPLs) with a specially developed and validated processing app. Here, we release the dataset composed of 20 and 60 seconds averaged SPLs (one-third octave, base 10) output files and a Python script to postprocess them. This dataset represents a benchmark for scientists and policymakers addressing the risk of noise impacts on marine fauna in the Mediterranean Sea and worldwide.
IceLines – A new data set of Antarctic ice shelf front positions
Authors: Baumhoer Celia A. , Dietz Andreas J. , Heidler Konrad , Kuenzer Claudia
Published: March 2023

The frontal position of an ice shelf is an important parameter for ice dynamic modelling, the computation of mass fluxes, mapping glacier area change, calculating iceberg production rates and the estimation of ice discharge to the ocean. Until now, continuous and up-to-date information on Antarctic calving front locations is scarce due to the time-consuming manual delineation of fronts and the previously limited amount of suitable earth observation data. Here, we present IceLines, a novel data set on Antarctic ice shelf front positions to assess calving front change at an unprecedented temporal and spatial resolution. More than 19,400 calving front positions were automatically extracted creating dense inter- and intra-annual time series of calving front change for the era of Sentinel-1 (2014-today). The calving front time series can be accessed via the EOC GeoService hosted by DLR and is updated on a monthly basis. For the first time, the presented IceLines data set provides the possibility to easily include calving front dynamics in scientific studies and modelling to improve our understanding about ice sheet dynamics.
The association of genitourinary cancer among Saudi patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors and a systematic literature review
Authors: Seyam Raouf , Chaer Kenan Abou , Abouelkhair Ahmed , Almouh Arwa , Alzahrani Othman , Sayed Ahmed Gamal , Alghafees Mohammad , Alhamidi Razan A. , Al-Gonaim Ali , Al-Hussain Turki , Amin Tarek Mahmoud , Altaweel Waleed
Published: March 2023

The gastrointestinal tract's most commonly occurring primary mesenchymal tumor is the gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). However, few cases worldwide were reported associated with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Therefore, we aimed to identify the association of genitourinary tumors in patients with GIST in our tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia and compare it to the literature. We identified all patients in the pathology department database with the diagnosis of GIST. We excluded duplicate and recurrent cases. We examined patients’ files for the presence of RCC, adrenal tumors, or other genitourinary cancer. A systematic review of the association was conducted. From 2003 to 2020, 170 patients had a histopathologic diagnosis of primary GIST, 100 men and 70 women, median age of 57 (range 9–91) years at the time of diagnosis. The site of primary GIST was gastric 103, small bowel 43, mesenteric 5, omentum/peritoneum 7, abdomen 4, isolated adrenal 1, and other 7. Six patients had associated primary genitourinary cancer. Three patients had RCC (two clear cell RCC and one radiologic diagnosis only), and three had adrenal tumors (one adrenal carcinoma, one an isolated adrenal GIST, and one pheochromocytoma). In addition, two patients had a tumor invading the urinary bladder. Although the cohort included 63 men aged 60 or above (median 71 ± 8.7 years, range 60–94), none demonstrated clinical prostatic carcinoma. Data was compared to 69 systematic review articles. We report the rare association between GIST tumors and primary genitourinary cancer, mainly RCC and adrenal tumors. Also, we identified a secondary invasion of the urinary bladder. Unlike the reported series, none of the older male patients had clinical prostate cancer.
Airborne dimethyl sulfide (DMS) cues dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) increases in the intertidal green alga Ulva fenestrata
Authors: Van Alstyne Kathryn L. , Butler Jennifer K. , Smith Neal
Published: March 2023

Although the use of airborne molecules as infochemicals is common in terrestrial plants, it has not been shown to occur in an ecologically relevant context in marine seaweeds. Like terrestrial plants, intertidal plants spend part of their lives emersed at low tide and release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the air when they are grazed or physiologically stressed. We hypothesized seaweeds could use airborne VOCs as infochemicals and respond to them by upregulating a keystone defensive metabolite, dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP). We conducted laboratory and field experiments in which Ulva fenestrata was exposed to airborne dimethyl sulfide (DMS), a volatile antiherbivore and antioxidant metabolite released when the seaweed is grazed or physiologically stressed. In the laboratory, U. fenestrata exposed to DMS had 43–48% higher DMSP concentrations, relative to controls, 6–9 days after exposure. In the field, U. fenestrata 1 m downwind of DMS emitters had 19% higher DMSP concentrations than upwind seaweeds after 11 days. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a marine plant using an airborne molecule released when damaged to elicit defensive responses. Our study suggests that the ability to detect airborne compounds has evolved multiple times or before the divergence of terrestrial plants and green algae.
Overexpression of Physcomitrium patens cell cycle regulators leads to larger gametophytes
Authors: Peramuna Anantha , López Carmen Quiñonero , Rios Francisco Javier Astorga , Bae Hansol , Fangel Jonatan Ulrik , Batth Rituraj , Harholt Jesper , Simonsen Henrik Toft
Published: March 2023

Regulation of cell division is crucial for the development of multicellular organisms, and in plants, this is in part regulated by the D-type cyclins (CYCD) and cyclin-dependent kinase A (CDKA) complex. Cell division regulation in Physcomitrium differs from other plants, by having cell division checks at both the G1 to S and G2 to M transition, controlled by the CYCD1/CDKA2 and CYCD2/CDKA1 complexes, respectively. This led us to hypothesize that upregulation of cell division could be archived in Bryophytes, without the devastating phenotypes observed in Arabidopsis. Overexpressing lines of PpCYCD1, PpCYCD2, PpCDKA1, or PpCDKA2 under Ubiquitin promotor control provided transcriptomic and phenotypical data that confirmed their involvement in the G1 to S or G2 to M transition control. Interestingly, combinatorial overexpression of all four genes produced plants with dominant PpCDKA2 and PpCYCD1 phenotypes and led to plants with twice as large gametophores. No detrimental phenotypes were observed in this line and two of the major carbon sinks in plants, the cell wall and starch, were unaffected by the increased growth rate. These results show that the cell cycle characteristics of P. patens can be manipulated by the ectopic expression of cell cycle regulators.
Biphasic oxygen tension promotes the formation of transferable blastocysts in patients without euploid embryos in previous monophasic oxygen cycles
Authors: Chen Hsiu-Hui , Lee Chun-I , Huang Chun-Chia , Cheng En-Hui , Lee Tsung-Hsien , Lin Pin Yao , Chen Chien-Hong , Lee Maw-Sheng
Published: March 2023

This study evaluated whether the concentration of biphasic O2 (5–2%) promotes the formation of qualified blastocysts (QBs) and euploid blastocysts and the probability of cycles with transferable blastocysts. The paired experimental design included a total 90 patients (180 cycles) without euploid blastocysts in previous monophasic O2 (5%) cycles were enrolled for an additional cycle of biphasic O2 (5–2%). In the biphasic O2 (5–2%) group, the QB rate (35.8%, 225/628) was significantly higher than that in the monophasic O2 (5%) group (23.5%, 137/582; p < 0.001). In addition, the euploid blastocyst number (0.5 ± 0.8) and the percentage of cycles with transferable blastocysts were significantly higher in the biphasic O2 (5–2%) group (57.8%, 52/90) than those in the monophasic O2 (5%) group (0 and 35.6%, 32/90, respectively; p < 0.01). Multivariable regression analysis also indicated that the QB rate and the probability of cycles with transferable blastocysts correlated with O2 tension (OR 1.535, 95% CI 1.325–1.777, and OR 3.191, 95% CI 1.638–5.679, respectively; p < 0.001). Biphasic O2 culture can be used as an alternative strategy to increase the euploid QBs and the probability of cycles with transferable blastocysts in patients with a poor prognosis.
Non-Abelian topological superconductivity in maximally twisted double-layer spin-triplet valley-singlet superconductors
Authors: Zhou Benjamin T. , Egan Shannon , Kush Dhruv , Franz Marcel
Published: March 2023

Recent studies point to an exotic spin-triplet valley-singlet (STVS) superconducting phase in certain two-valley electron liquids, including rhombohedral trilayer graphene, Bernal bilayer graphene and ZrNCl, which nevertheless admits only trivial topology. Here, we predict that upon twisting two layers of STVS superconductors, a chiral $$f\pm {{{{{{{\rm{i}}}}}}}}{f}^{{\prime} }$$
f
±
i

f

′

-wave superconducting phase emerges near the ‘maximal’ twist angle of 30∘ where the system becomes an extrinsic quasi-crystal with 12-fold tiling. The resulting composite hosts an odd number of chiral Majorana edge modes and a single non-Abelian Majorana zero mode (MZM) in the vortex core. Through detailed symmetry analysis and microscopic modelling, we demonstrate that the non-Abelian topological superconductivity (TSC) forms robustly near the maximal twist when the isolated Fermi pockets coalesce into a single connected Fermi surface in the moiré Brillouin zone. Our results establish the large-twist-angle engineering, with distinct underlying moiré physics from magic-angle graphene, as a viable route toward non-Abelian TSC.
Pervasive hydrous carbonatitic liquids mediate transfer of carbon from the slab to the subarc mantle
Authors: Chen Wei , Zhang Guoliang , Keshav Shantanu , Li Yuan
Published: March 2023

Carbonatitic liquids, as a medium for transferring carbon from the slab to the mantle at subarc depths, are thought to be restricted either to the hottest conditions or to be the hydrous melting of calcium-rich lithologies (i.e., carbonated gabbro and limestone rocks) in subduction zones. In this study, high-pressure experiments on carbonated hydrous pelites demonstrate that while silicate melts are produced at 2.5–4 GPa, hydrous carbonatitic liquids clearly dominate at 5–6 GPa. The stability of Ca-rich carbonate is strongly depressed by water at pressures exceeding ~4 GPa, promoting the formation of hydrous carbonatitic liquids at temperatures as low as ~850–900 °C; these temperatures correspond to intermediate thermal regimes at depths of 150–180 km. Hence, carbonatite production beneath arcs is more pervasive than previously thought, and the carbon cycle is most likely confined to depths of less than 200 km for many subduction zones.
Policy failures and energy transitions: the regulatory bricolage for the promotion of renewable energy in Mexico and Chile
Authors: Natorski Michal , Solorio Israel
Published: March 2023

Latin American and Caribbean countries experience energy transitions in the context of crises affecting power electric systems. This article shows that policy failure recognition constitutes a window of opportunity for regulatory reforms supporting the diffusion of renewable energy. This argument is illustrated with the cases of Mexico and Chile, both of which are regional leaders in renewable energy after policy reforms. In both cases, policy failures were key drivers of energy transition since they mobilised different actors in the pursuit of policy changes. However, policy responses depended on how different policy failures were interpreted as the origins and solutions to perceived energy crises. This study distinguishes between critical and ordinary policy failures. In the case of a critical failure, dominant policy ideas are placed under contest; whereas, in an ordinary policy failure, the normative underpinning of the policy remains valid, and it fails only in implementation. Because policy change in the energy sector is incremental, reactions to failures lead to a policy bricolage combining novel and older policy goals and instruments. This process shifts the balance in the prioritisation of the energy trilemma components (energy equity, security of supply, and environmental sustainability).
Synthesis of cyclopent-1-enecarbonitriles via a tandem Giese/HWE reaction initiated by visible light
Authors: Moczulski Marek , Deredas Dariusz , Kuśmierek Elżbieta , Albrecht Łukasz , Albrecht Anna
Published: March 2023

The manuscript describes studies on the radical tandem reaction involving Giese reaction followed by HWE olefination.
Pressure dependence of the measured line intensity and super-Lorentzian effects in the absorption spectra of pure HCl
Authors: Tran Ha , Li Gang , Ngo Ngoc Hoa , Ebert Volker
Published: March 2023

The pressure dependence of HCl line intensities retrieved from fits of measured and simulated absorption spectra with the Voigt profile.
Oxygen migration performance of LaFeO3 perovskite-type oxygen carriers with Sr doping
Authors: Feng Yuan , Jin Hanyu , Wang Shuai
Published: March 2023

A perovskite-type metal oxide with the formula of ABO3 exhibits excellent redox reaction properties for the chemical looping process, where A is usually an alkaline earth metal and B is a transition metal.
Accurate single crystal and gas-phase molecular structures of acenaphthene: a starting point in the search for the longest C–C bond
Authors: Vishnevskiy Yury V. , Otlyotov Arseniy A. , Lamm Jan-Hendrik , Stammler Hans-Georg , Girichev Georgiy V. , Mitzel Norbert W.
Published: March 2023

The molecular structure of acenaphthene has been determined experimentally in the gas phase using gas electron diffraction intensities and literature-available rotational constants.
High-sensitivity long-range surface plasmon resonance sensing assisted by gold nanoring cavity arrays and nanocavity coupling
Authors: Luo Xiaojun , Tan Rui , Li Qiuju , Chen Jiaxin , Xie Yalin , Peng Jiayi , Zeng Mei , Jiang Minghang , Wu Caijun , He Yi
Published: March 2023

A long-range surface plasmon resonance substrate, which consists of a gold nanoring cavity array built on a refractive index-symmetric spacer layer and an Au mirror, facilitates much higher RI sensitivity and a narrower FWHM than a conventional SPR substrate.
Polymorphism and polymorph-dependent luminescence properties of the first lithium oxonitridolithosilicate Li3SiNO2:Eu2+
Authors: Rießbeck Kilian M. , Wimmer Daniel S. , Seibald Markus , Baumann Dominik , Wurst Klaus , Heymann Gunter , Huppertz Hubert
Published: March 2023

A polymorph of the compound Li3SiNO2 has been synthesized via high temperature solid-state synthesis. The formation of the polymorphs, which show different luminescence properties when doped with Eu(ii), can be controlled very selectively.
Reduced 0.418 V VOC-deficit of 1.73 eV wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells assisted by dual chlorides for efficient all-perovskite tandems
Authors: Zhao Yue , Wang Changlei , Ma Tianshu , Zhou Luwei , Wu Zhanghao , Wang Huayang , Chen Cong , Yu Zhenhua , Sun Weiwei , Wang Aolin , Huang Hao , Zou Bingsuo , Zhao Dewei , Li Xiaofeng
Published: March 2023

Synergistic effects of lead chloride and phenethylammonium chloride suppress the phase segregation and non-radiative recombination in 1.73 eV wide-Eg perovskite solar cells (PSCs), leading to a significantly reduced VOC-deficit to 0.418 V.
Exploiting the UV excited size-dependent emission of PDMS-coated CdTe quantum dots for in vitro simultaneous multicolor imaging of HepG2 cellular organelles
Authors: Pandey Sulaxna , Bodas Dhananjay
Published: March 2023

Multicolor bioimaging can be referred to as the imaging method that non-invasively visualizes biological processes using fluorophores.
Facile fabrication of a visible-light stable metal-free g-C3N4/COF heterojunction with efficiently enhanced photocatalytic activity
Authors: Jiang Jun , Zhou Shiyuan , Chen Zhidong , Gu Peiyang , Li Yuanyuan , Xu Qingfeng
Published: March 2023

In this paper, a g-C3N4/COF 2D/2D heterojunction photocatalyst with excellent removal efficiency towards organic dye rhodamine B (RhB) was synthesized.
CTAB assisted synthesis of ultra-high aspect ratio 3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O nanowires
Authors: Gong Lu , Yao Zhenying , Zhu Chunmei , Xiang Lan , Lian Xin , He Bai , Fan Baoyan , Yu Bo
Published: March 2023

3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O nanowires with ultra-high aspect ratios were synthesized by a liquid method, and the effects of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) were investigated.
Gas phase deposition of well-defined bimetallic gold-silver clusters for photocatalytic applications
Authors: Chinnabathini Vana Chinnappa , Dingenen Fons , Borah Rituraj , Abbas Imran , van der Tol Johan , Zarkua Zviadi , D'Acapito Francesco , Nguyen Thi Hong Trang , Lievens Peter , Grandjean Didier , Verbruggen Sammy W. , Janssens Ewald
Published: March 2023

Composition-tuned bimetallic AuAg gas-phase clusters deposited on TiO2 show a remarkable photocatalytic efficiency for self-cleaning applications and a low polydispersity facilitating their characterization.
A (TD-)DFT study on photo-NHC catalysis: photoenolization/Diels–Alder reaction of acid fluorides catalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbenes
Authors: Mavroskoufis Andreas , Lohani Manish , Weber Manuela , Hopkinson Matthew N. , Götze Jan P.
Published: March 2023

A full, concise reaction pathway for the PEDA catalysis cycle using NHC was identified by experiment and theory.
Amides as modifiable directing groups in electrophilic borylation
Authors: Iqbal Saqib A. , Uzelac Marina , Nawaz Ismat , Wang Zhongxing , Jones T. Harri , Yuan Kang , Millet Clement R. P. , Nichol Gary S. , Chotana Ghayoor Abbas , Ingleson Michael J.
Published: March 2023

A sequence of amide-directed borylation followed by amide to amine reduction furnishes useful organoboranes that are otherwise convoluted to access.
Biosynthesis of pleuromutilin congeners using an Aspergillus oryzae expression platform
Authors: Alberti Fabrizio , Khairudin Khairunisa , Davies Jonathan A. , Sangmalee Suphattra , Willis Christine L. , Foster Gary D. , Bailey Andy M.
Published: March 2023

We report two shunt pathways that expand our knowledge on the biosynthesis of the antibiotic pleuromutilin. Three new congeners of pleuromutilin were isolated, alongside the semi-synthesis of a novel C-3 methyl, C3–C4 unsaturated analogue.
Development of a high-rate-capable O3-structured ‘layered’ Na transition metal oxide by tuning the cation–oxygen bond covalency
Authors: Biswas Ishita , Kumar Bachu Sravan , Pradeep Anagha , Das Arpita , Srihari Velaga , Poswal Himanshu K. , Mukhopadhyay Amartya
Published: March 2023

By invoking fundamental principles associated with tuning of cation–oxygen covalency, a generic design criterion for the development of high rate-capable ‘layered’ Na-transition metal oxide cathode materials for Na-ion batteries has been laid out.
Ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of RhCu alloy nanospheres for electrocatalytic urea production
Authors: Fu Siyu , Chu Kaibin , Guo Minhao , Wu Zhenzhong , Wang Yang , Yang Jieru , Lai Feili , Liu Tianxi
Published: March 2023

An ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal method is proven to reduce the size of RhCu nanospheres and improves the electrocatalytic performance for urea synthesis with a high faradaic efficiency of 34.82% and a high urea yield rate of 26.81 mmol g−1 h−1.