bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imaging the 3D basin structure of the Santa Clara Valley by ambient noise tomography
Authors: Cho Hyejeong , Lee Sang-Jun , Kim Seongryong , Rhie Junkee , Kang Tae-Seob
Published: February 2025

The seismic velocity structure of sedimentary basins in urban areas is important for seismic hazard assessment. Ambient noise tomography (ANT) was applied to generate a velocity model of the Santa Clara Valley (SCV), one of the major urban sedimentary basins in the USA. A three-dimensional shear-wave velocity model was constructed, including depths of up to 4 km using 5-month and 1-year short-period data recorded by temporary and permanent arrays. Despite the difficulty in using ANT to analyze short-period data, our results allowed us to distinguish two small basins located in the southwestern and northeastern parts of the SCV, which correspond to the Cupertino and Evergreen basins, respectively. The basins cover approximately 25–100 km2 area and have 2.5–3 km of basement depth by assuming shear wave velocity at the basement as 2.5 km/s based on rapid velocity changes of the model. This implies that although only short-term short-period data are available, the ANT can be an appropriate option for constructing velocity models of regional areas with complex structures. Thus, we expect that our data will support the active use of ANT in conjunction with other imaging methods for seismic hazard assessment of urban sedimentary basin areas.
Prediction of Dimensional Accuracy and Surface Quality in Additively Manufactured Biomedical Implants Using ANN
Authors: Karadag Arif , Ulkir Osman
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the prediction of fused deposition modeling (FDM) process parameters for manufacturing biomedical implants with high dimensional accuracy and surface quality. Biomedical implants were fabricated in circular, triangular, and pentagonal geometries to accommodate different anatomical requirements, using three materials selected for their biomedical applicability and mechanical properties. These materials are polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene terephthalate glycol, and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). This research utilizes the Taguchi L27 orthogonal array methodology to analyze the influence of five critical printing parameters: material type, layer thickness (200–300–400 µm), infill density (30%–60%–90%), infill pattern (zigzag, cubic, and triangle), and wall thickness (1–2–3 mm). The analysis of variance demonstrated that material type and layer thickness are the most significant factors, contributing 49.25% and 17.97%, respectively, to dimensional accuracy in circular geometries. Surface roughness measurements showed that layer thickness (30.95%) and material type (31.28%) are dominant factors affecting surface quality. The optimum parameters for dimensional accuracy were determined as PLA material, zigzag infill pattern, 2 mm wall thickness, 30% infill density and 200 µm layer thickness, while the highest surface quality was achieved with PLA material, triangle infill pattern, 3 mm wall thickness, 90% infill density and 200 µm layer thickness. An artificial neural network model was developed to predict dimensional accuracy and surface quality, achieving high correlation coefficients (R2 > 0.96) between predicted and experimental results across all geometric configurations. These findings offer valuable guidelines for predicting and optimizing parameters in FDM-based biomedical implant manufacturing, advancing precision medicine by enhancing additive manufacturing processes and implant performance.
Unveiling Land Use Dynamics: Insights from a Hierarchical Bayesian Spatio-Temporal Modelling of Compositional Data
Authors: Figueira Mario , Guarner Carmen , Conesa David , López-Quílez Antonio , Krisztin Tamás
Published: February 2025

Changes in land use patterns have significant environmental and socio-economic impacts, making it crucial for policymakers to understand their causes and consequences. This study, part of the European LAMASUS (Land Management for Sustainability) project, aims to support the EU’s climate neutrality target by developing a governance model through collaboration among policymakers, land users, and researchers. We present a methodological synthesis for treating land use data using a Bayesian approach within spatial and spatio-temporal modelling frameworks. The study tackles the challenges of analysing land use changes, particularly the presence of zero values and computational issues with large datasets. It introduces joint model structures to address zeros and employs sequential inference and consensus methods for Big Data problems. Spatial downscaling models approximate smaller scales from aggregated data, circumventing high-resolution data complications. We explore Beta regression and Compositional Data Analysis (CoDa) for land use data, review relevant spatial and spatio-temporal models, and present strategies for handling zeros. The paper demonstrates the implementation of key models, downscaling techniques, and solutions to Big Data challenges with examples from simulated data and the LAMASUS project, providing a comprehensive framework for understanding and managing land use changes.
Virtual ethnography of “China travel” content: an empirical study across short video platforms
Authors: Wang Minglin
Published: February 2025

With the advent of China’s 72/144-h visa-free policy, more and more “China Travel” social media content has appeared on two short video platforms, TikTok and Douyin. Social media platforms are an important medium for intercultural communication in today’s world, and this study aims to analyze the phenomenon of autonomous communication of Chinese content on TikTok and Douyin. Our main goal is to reveal the effects of this intercultural communication and understand how it influences audiences’ perceptions and attitudes toward China. The study adopts a virtual ethnography approach to analyze the performance of bloggers in intercultural communication, and their influence on audiences through participatory observation and in-depth interviews. We found that these bloggers have essentially constructed third cultural spaces, and by displaying positive elements of China, they have helped their audiences to form a more positive and diversified image of China. Moreover, they have achieved a strong cross-cultural communication effect. However, this kind of communication still has limitations, such as the distortion of China’s image due to an othering perspective, as based on Orientalism and the audience’s romantic gaze. This study explores the third cultural membership as a new avenue of international communication, and provides empirical support for the utilization of short video platforms in the field of public diplomacy.
Making Tens with Four Hands: Touchscreen-Based Classroom Activity for Early Number Learning
Authors: Ng Oi-Lam , Yeung Wing-Leung
Published: February 2025

As schools increasingly embrace embodied learning, there is a growing need to incorporate classroom teaching and learning activities that recognize the body’s role as both an individual and collective resource for cognition and instruction. In response, we present a design for a classroom teaching sequence focused on early number learning, featuring pedagogical activities supported by TouchCounts (TC) and engaged by pairs of children using their four hands. These activities showcase the potential of embodied learning for children to explore concepts such as odd and even numbers, as well as the composition and decomposition of numbers up to and including ten. We elaborate on the functionalities of TC, outline the teaching sequence, and offer episodes of our classroom observations. Specifically, we present three lesson snapshots aimed at first-graders (aged 6 to 7) using a class set of TC, student learning outcomes, and notable observations as students interact with the touchscreen environment. For example, we note that the student pairs used their hands to reinforce, extend, and redirect mathematical ideas; besides, they developed a collective discourse through (gestural) subitizing the number of fingers that they (and their partner) put up (and folded down). This snapshot explicates the collective learning experiences in classroom settings involving pair-work activities and informs existing work on embodied (mathematical) cognition beyond how students learn with their bodies individually.
Coupling research on employment centers and their service area with rail transit network-a case study of Shanghai, China
Authors: Jun-Li Wang , Gang-Yu Hu , Jian-Zhong Huang , Tian-Ran Zhang , Jing-Xin Wang
Published: February 2025

The coordination between urban space and transportation system facilitates the healthy development of urban spatial structure. The coupling of employment centers with the rail transit network is significantly important for optimizing urban spatial structure, developing employment centers and ensuring the efficient operation of rail transit. The urban rail transit network represents a typical complex network system, where calculating centrality and other indicators based on its spatial topology is crucial for analyzing of network and node characteristics. Using Baidu LBS data and rail transit network data in Shanghai as a case study, this paper examines the distribution, level and service area of urban employment centers. It assesses these factors based on employment density and commuting connection intensity, identifying hinterlands and spheres of influence. Additionally, the paper constructs the topological network of the rail transit system and calculates its topological indices. It analyzes the external spatial coupling patterns and internal interaction mechanisms among employment centers, their service areas, and the rail transit network. This analysis provides recommendations for optimizing Shanghai's spatial structure and rail transit system. Key findings include: 1) The method based on employment density effectively identifies major employment centers in Shanghai's central urban areas. 2) Employment centers are predominantly concentrated in Shanghai's central urban areas, forming multiple employment cores, with indications of a developing "dual core" trend along both sides of the Huangpu River. Various types of employment centers exhibit distinct hinterlands and spheres of influence based on location, industry, and land use functions. Compared to other centers, regional center has a strong distribution of sphere of influence of employment centers. 3) The number and accessibility of rail transit stations significantly influence the ability to gather large numbers of employees, supporting the radial expansion of employment centers. Intermediary hub stations are crucial for managing passenger flows between suburbs and the city center.4) Shanghai needs to enhance the construction of multi-modal rail transit network, improve construction standards, and integrate suburban employment centers with local influence zones to develop a multi-level rail transit network that provides essential support for suburban employment centers.
Handshake antimicrobial stewardship for adult surgical patients
Authors: Kosharek Abby , Neuner Elizabeth , Welch Emily , January Spenser , Bewley Alice , Hsueh Kevin , Sayood Sena
Published: February 2025

Objective:

Evaluate the effects of handshake stewardship on adult general surgical units.

Design:

Retrospective quasi-experimental pre- and post-intervention study.

Setting:

A total of 1,278 bed academic medical center with a level 1 trauma center in St. Louis, Missouri.

Patients:

Adults admitted to general surgery units.

Intervention:

Once weekly handshake antimicrobial stewardship rounds were initiated in January 2022 on adult general surgery units. The handshake stewardship team consisted of an infectious diseases (ID) physician and pharmacist who reviewed charts of patients receiving systemic antimicrobials without a formal ID consult. Antimicrobial recommendations were delivered in person to general surgery teams including trauma, geriatric trauma, and emergency/general surgery.

Results:

A total of 1,241 charts were reviewed during the post-implementation period with 391 interventions. Seventy-two percent of those interventions were accepted and the acceptance rate improved over the 18-month post-implementation period. Total antimicrobial usage significantly decreased between the pre- and post-implementation period (608 vs 542 d of therapy/1,000 d present, P = 0.004). An interrupted time series found that there was an immediate (P < 0.001) and sustained (P < 0.001) decrease in antibiotic spectrum index during the post-implementation period. No difference was found for in-hospital mortality between the pre- and post-implementation periods [28 (1%) vs 29 (1%), P = 0.791].

Conclusion:

A once-weekly handshake antimicrobial stewardship program was successfully implemented in general surgery units. Antimicrobial use significantly decreased without negatively impacting hospital mortality.
Development of a multi-year pediatric antibiogram in Georgia identifies antibiotic resistance changes over the past ten years
Authors: Linam Matthew , Goldstein Madeleine , Huang Tracy , Westbrook Adrianna , Jerris Robert C. , Gonzalez Mark D.
Published: February 2025

Background:

Antibiograms monitor antibiotic resistance trends and help guide empiric antibiotic treatment. A statewide pediatric antibiogram can help inform stewardship efforts.

Methods:

Annual pediatric antibiograms for the five children’s hospitals in Georgia from 2014–2023 were collected. All sites used the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines for antibiogram development. Antibiogram data were combined, and the most common bacteria were included: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae complex and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Interhospital differences were compared for methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), E. coli and K. pneumoniae. The combined data from 2014 and 2023 were compared to demonstrate antibiotic susceptibility changes over time.

Results:

Data in 2023 for MSSA and MRSA showed clindamycin susceptibility was 78% and 82%, respectively. S. pneumoniae susceptibility to amoxicillin/clavulanate was 96%. E. faecalis resistance to ampicillin and vancomycin was rare. For all included gram-negative bacteria, susceptibility remained high to 3rd generation cephalosporins (90%–92%) and meropenem (95%–99%). From 2014 to 2023, the rate of MRSA decreased from 49% to 33.5%. S. pneumoniae susceptibility to amoxicillin/clavulanate and clindamycin significantly increased. For E. coli, there was a significant decrease in susceptibility for cefazolin (90% to 84%), ceftriaxone (95% to 92%), and meropenem (100% to 99%). There were nonsignificant decreases in susceptibility for K. pneumoniae.

Conclusion:

Over the past 10 years, MRSA rates decreased, S. pneumoniae antibiotic susceptibility increased, and gram-negative bacilli susceptibility was stable to slightly decreased. Georgia antibiogram data support the recommended antibiotic treatment for common pediatric infections.
Simulation of global sea surface temperature maps using Pix2Pix GAN
Authors: Chakraborty Deepayan , Mitra Adway
Published: February 2025

Simulated data from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) has been very important for climate science research, as they can provide wide spatio-temporal coverage to address data deficiencies in both present and future scenarios. However, these physics-based models require a huge amount of high-performance computing (HPC) resources. As an alternative approach, researchers are exploring if such simulated data can be generated by Generative Machine Learning models. In this work, we develop a model based on Pix2Pix conditional Generative Adversarial Network (cGAN), which can generate high-resolution spatial maps of global sea surface temperature (SST) using comparatively less computing power and time. We have shown that the maps generated by these models have similar statistical characteristics as the CMIP6 model simulations. Notably, we trained and validated our cGAN model on completely distinct time periods across all ensemble members of the EC-Earth3-CC and CMCC-CM2-SR5 CMIP6 models, demonstrating satisfactory results and confirming the generalizability of our proposed model.
Introduction
Authors: Popp Andrew
Published: February 2025

Welcome to Volume 25, No. 4 of Enterprise & Society. By tradition, this issue carries the presidential address delivered at the annual meeting of the Business History Conference. Sharon Murphy delivered a compelling talk on the topic “Doing Business in the Public Interest,” intermixing sharp reflections with personal family history. We are delighted to present Sharon’s fine essay here. Also, by tradition, this issue carries summaries of the dissertations shortlisted for the Krooss Prize at the annual meeting in the spring. This year four finalists presented their work to the conference. The four finalists were Manuel Bautista-González, Liane Hewitt, Jordan Howell, and Ellen Nye. This year’s winner of the Herman E. Krooss Prize for Best Dissertation in Business History was Ellen Nye. Unfortunately, personal circumstances have prevented Dr. Bautista-González from completing his summary in time for this issue, but we look forward to publishing his contribution as soon as possible.
Differences in stewardship strategies between hospitals performing well and poorly on a risk-adjusted metric for post-discharge antibiotic use
Authors: Livorsi Daniel J. , Merchant James A. , Cho Hyunkeun , Goetz Matthew Bidwell , Alexander Bruce , Beck Brice , Goto Michihiko
Published: February 2025

Stewardship processes were compared across 123 hospitals that differed on a risk-adjusted post-discharge antibiotic use metric. Low-performing hospitals were less likely than high-performing hospitals to report routine interactions between their stewardship physician and pharmacist(s) (OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.03–0.55) and to have local antibiotic-prescribing guidelines (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.05–0.93)
Mini-Publics, (Lack of) Representativeness, and Legitimacy Beliefs
Authors: Germann Micha
Published: February 2025

The participants in deliberative mini-publics are typically randomly selected; therefore, mini-publics are often marketed as representative of the wider population. However, in practice, mini-publics are unlikely to be fully representative due to their small size and non-response bias. I report the results of a pre-registered survey experiment designed to assess the implications of deviations from statistical representativeness for citizens’ legitimacy beliefs (N = 1,308). Consistent with prior research, I find that the involvement of a mini-public in democratic decision-making can lead to substantial increases in perceptions of process legitimacy; however, even minor biases in the composition of mini-publics substantially decrease those gains while larger biases can wipe them out entirely. The results of this study temper hopes that mini-publics offer an easy fix to perceptions of low democratic legitimacy.
The Spillover of the US Capitol Insurrection: Reducing Expressed Support for Domestic Far-Right Parties
Authors: Chan Ka Ming
Published: February 2025

Although far-right insurrections often catch worldwide attention, little is known about whether and how these autocratization events affect other countries. This article studies the spillover of a prototype of such coup attempts – the January 6th Capitol insurrection. I argue that a far-right insurrection abroad can trigger a transnational learning process, which increases the salience of the far-right’s anti-democratic potential. Consequently, due to shaming and changes in voting calculus, citizens are less likely to support a domestic far-right party. To test this expectation, I use two panel datasets in Western Europe fielded amid the Capitol insurrection. Both analyses show that the expressed support for domestic far-right parties decreased after this autocratization event. I discuss how these findings enrich the literature on autocratization, the far-right, and transnational learning.
Navigating Lingala: Linguistic Change, Political Power, and Everyday Authoritarianism in Congo-Zaire, 1965–97
Authors: Castillo Joshua
Published: February 2025

I argue that navigating Lingala represented a central part of many Zairians’ experiences of Mobutu’s regime (1965–97), causing linguistic change, shaping their relationships to state power, and influencing their experiences of the regime’s everyday authoritarianism. Mobutu’s regime imposed Lingala through informal language practices including political rallies, songs, and slogans, interactions with state agents, and Mobutu’s own practice of addressing audiences nation-wide in Lingala. Zairians navigated the regime’s imposition of Lingala in different, and often divergent ways along a spectrum from rejection and opposition to acquisition and embrace. Where some Zairians, especially Kiswahili speakers in the East, rejected Lingala and criticized the language — critiquing Mobutu’s authoritarian rule in the process — other Zairians, particularly people in the Kikongo and Ciluba national language zones adapted to Mobutu’s new linguistic dispensation by learning to speak and understand Lingala, improving their relationship with the state and facilitating life under Mobutu’s rule.
Historical Scholarship and the Public Square: The Belgian Commission on Colonialism Through the Lens of Wiriyamu
Authors: Dhada Mustafah
Published: February 2025

This piece troubleshoots an array of epistemological, political, and practical difficulties involved in public studies of colonial atrocities. It explores the deficiencies of the Commission on Colonialism backed by the Belgian parliament between 2020–22, and suggests pathways for facilitating a fuller accounting of colonial wrongs. The argument leverages the author’s experiences in investigating and publicizing the colonial massacre of Mozambican civilians in Wiriyamu in 1972, which culminated in a public apology from Portugal’s prime minister in 2022.
Sensitivity of the clinical high-risk and familial high-risk approaches for psychotic disorders – a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Talukder Animesh , Kougianou Ioanna , Healy Colm , Lång Ulla , Kieseppä Valentina , Jalbrzikowski Maria , O’Hare Kirstie , Kelleher Ian
Published: February 2025

Background

Psychosis prediction has been a key focus of psychiatry research for over 20 years. The two dominant approaches to identifying psychosis risk have been the clinical high-risk (CHR) and the familial high-risk (FHR) approaches. To date, the real-world sensitivity of these approaches – that is, the proportion of all future psychotic disorders in the population that they identify – has not been systematically reviewed.

Methods

We systematically reviewed and meta-analysed studies in MEDLINE, Embase, PsychINFO, and Web of Science (from inception until September 2024) that reported data on the sensitivity of CHR and FHR approaches – i.e., individuals with a psychosis diagnosis preceded by a CHR diagnosis or a history of parental psychosis (PROSPERO: CRD42024542268).

Results

We identified four CHR studies and four FHR studies reporting relevant data. The pooled estimate of the sensitivity of the CHR approach was 6.7% (95% CI: 1.5–15.0%) and of the FHR approach was 6.5% (95% CI: 4.4–8.9%). There was a high level of heterogeneity between studies. Most FHR studies had a low risk of bias, but most CHR studies had a high risk of bias.

Conclusion

Pooled data suggest that CHR and FHR approaches, each, capture only about 6–7% of future psychotic disorders. These findings demonstrate the need for additional approaches to identify risk for psychosis.
Soundscapes of ecofeminism. Negotiating gender and environment through pop music
Authors: Philipp Thorsten
Published: February 2025

Femininity and metaphors of motherhood have always determined the perception of nature and environment. With the rise of the ecological movements, they have also accompanied political eco-activism and nature conservation regimes. In this context, ecofeminism emerged as an academic, intellectual and social movement to critically question environmental conflicts and their interrelatedness to gender norms and power constellations. To what extent is ecofeminism a topic of pop music? Showcasing selected pop music examples from Tracy Chapman, Björk, Marina, Anohni and others, this article identifies four major thematic strands of narrating ecofeminist positions through pop music: (1) violence and vulnerability, illustrating the contrast between female nature and male culture; (2) strength and togetherness, focusing on the ontological connection between female bodies and nature; (3) protest and empowerment, drawing an activist demarcation against patriarchy and binary thinking; and (4) transecology and gender-queerness, crossing both heteronormative boundaries of bodies and dualistic nature conceptions.
Bayesian spatio-temporal modelling of tuberculosis in Vietnam: Insights from a local-area analysis
Authors: Bui Long Viet , Ragonnet Romain , Hughes Angus E. , Nguyen Hoa Binh , Do Nam Hoang , McBryde Emma S. , Sexton Justin , Nguyen Thuy Phuong , Shipman David S. , Fox Greg J. , Trauer James M.
Published: February 2025

Spatial analysis and disease mapping have the potential to enhance understanding of tuberculosis (TB) dynamics, whose spatial dynamics may be complicated by the mix of short and long-range transmission and long latency periods. TB notifications in Nam Dinh Province for individuals aged 15 and older from 2013 to 2022 were analyzed with a variety of spatio-temporal methods. The study commenced with an analysis of spatial autocorrelation to identify clustering patterns, followed by the evaluation of several candidate Bayesian spatio-temporal models. These models varied from simple assessments of spatial heterogeneity to more complex configurations incorporating covariates and interactions. The findings highlighted a peak in the TB notification rate in 2017, with 98 cases per 100,000 population, followed by a sharp decline in 2021. Significant spatial autocorrelation at the commune level was detected over most of the 10-year period. The Bayesian model that best balanced goodness-of-fit and complexity indicated that TB trends were associated with poverty: each percentage point increase in the proportion of poor households was associated with a 1.3% increase in TB notifications, emphasizing a significant socioeconomic factor in TB transmission dynamics. The integration of local socioeconomic data with spatio-temporal analysis could further enhance our understanding of TB epidemiology.
Rethinking Campanilismo: Community and Conflict in Fascist Arezzo, 1922–1928
Authors: Driver Lewis Ewan
Published: February 2025

This article looks at the everyday experiences of rural communities in the province of Arezzo, Tuscany, during the first years of Italian fascism. Following an approach that borrows from Alltagsgeschichte and microstoria, the article uses diaries, memoirs, local newspapers, and fascist reports to analyse the phenomenon of village parochialism, or campanilismo, in the context of fascist paramilitary violence. Firstly, it reassesses the role of campanilismo in provincial society, showing that parochialism was a function of community expression that contributed to the making of webs of ‘thin trust’ across rural communities. Secondly, the paper distinguishes the types of parochial conflict inherent to campanilismo from the violent conflicts generated by the fascist movement. Ultimately, the paper claims that fascist violence destroyed the functional mechanisms of campanilismo, replacing these with dysfunctional and terroristic violence that made the successful implementation of the fascist programme impossible in the provincial space.
Past, Present and Future: Youth Protest in the Soviet Union's Baltic Republics after Stalin
Authors: Hornsby Robert
Published: February 2025

Drawing on declassified reports from the KGB and Komsomol, this paper offers a new picture of dissenting activity among young people in Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia between Stalin's death in 1953 and the end of the 1960s. In contrast to existing depictions of this period as a time of relative quiescence across the region, the article highlights key themes and forms of protest behaviour, ranging from political graffiti and vandalism through to mass public disorders and participation in clandestine underground groups. Further, while such actions remained well outside of the norm, we also see evidence of a wider social milieu in which ordinary citizens time and again declined to confront or report on those instances of dissenting activity that they encountered.
Husband involvement in antenatal care moderates the link between vitamin D status and depressive symptoms in pregnant women
Authors: Wong Rosa S. , Tung Keith T. S. , Tsang Hing Wai , Ko Jennifer K. Y. , Leung Wing-cheong , Ip Patrick
Published: February 2025

Aims

The association between a pregnant mother’s vitamin D status and depressive symptoms has yielded inconsistent results. It is possible that other factors play a role in this association, as depression can have multiple causes. Recognizing the significance of the husband’s participation in antenatal care, this study aimed to examine whether the husband’s involvement moderates the link between the mother’s vitamin D status and depressive symptoms during pregnancy.

Methods

A total of 2983 Chinese married pregnant women, in their 25–35 weeks of pregnancy, completed questionnaires to assess their levels of depressive symptoms and the involvement of their husbands in their antenatal care appointments. Additionally, their serum levels of vitamin D were measured.

Results

After adjusting for maternal age, parity, and socio-economic status, the husband’s involvement in antenatal care moderated the association between maternal vitamin D status and depressive symptoms during pregnancy (β = 2.03, p = 0.035). Specifically, when their husbands were not regularly present for antenatal care appointments, mothers with suboptimal vitamin D levels experienced more depressive symptoms than those with optimal levels. However, there were no noticeable differences in depressive symptoms between vitamin D groups for mothers whose husbands attended all antenatal care appointments.

Conclusions

Pregnant women who have suboptimal vitamin D levels and lack support from their spouses are most vulnerable to experiencing depression. It is crucial to holistically assess the social and physiological needs of expectant mothers to reduce their risk of antenatal depression.
Die Prävalenz psychischer Störungen von Care Leavern
Authors: Seker Süheyla , Bürgin David , Boonmann Cyril , d’Huart Delfine , Jenkel Nils , Beck Katharina , Leiting Milou , Crivelli Alison , Bürgin Dina , Fegert Jörg M. , Schmeck Klaus , Schmid Marc
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung: Fragestellung: Ehemalig fremdplatzierte junge Erwachsene (Care Leaver) waren in ihrer Kindheit einer Vielzahl psychosozialer Belastungsfaktoren ausgesetzt. Im deutschsprachigen Raum ist bisher wenig darüber bekannt, wie hoch die Prävalenz psychischer Störungen in dieser Population ist. Das Hauptziel dieses Beitrages ist es, die Prävalenzen psychischer Störungen bei Care Leavern zu beschreiben und Implikationen für Versorgungssysteme zu diskutieren. Methodik: Die psychischen Störungen, inklusive Persönlichkeitsstörungen, wurden anhand des Strukturierten Klinischen Interviews bei 175 Schweizer Care Leavern (Durchschnittsalter = 26.53 Jahre, 32.00 % Frauen) erfasst. Deskriptive Informationen wurden in absoluten und relativen Häufigkeiten präsentiert und Zusammenhänge wurden anhand t-Tests und χ2-Tests berechnet. Ergebnisse: 58.29 % der Teilnehmenden erfüllten die Diagnosekriterien für mindestens eine psychische Störung, wobei die Substanzkonsumstörungen (37.71 %), Persönlichkeitsstörungen (35.43 %) und die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (19.43 %) die häufigsten Diagnosen waren. Frauen zeigten häufiger Angststörungen sowie Cluster-C-Persönlichkeitsstörungen, während Männer häufiger eine Alkoholkonsumstörung aufwiesen. Schlussfolgerungen: Ungefähr die Hälfte der Schweizer Care Leaver erfüllt die Diagnosekriterien für mindestens eine psychische Störung. Das junge Erwachsenenalter stellt für Care Leaver – ähnlich wie für die Gleichaltrigen aus der Allgemeinbevölkerung – eine sensible Phase für psychische Störungen dar. Dies stellt sozialpädagogische und psychiatrische Versorgungssysteme vor die Herausforderung, das Angebot für psychisch belastete junge Menschen entlang der Transition ins Erwachsenenalter weiter präventiv zu gestalten.
Wind Profile Characteristics That Warn of Summertime Flash Heavy Rain Events Over the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River Basin
Authors: Wang Jingyu , Wang Xiaokang , Yuan Huiling , Cui Chunguang , Wang Xiaofang , Liu Lin
Published: February 2025

Forecasting and early warnings for summertime flash heavy rain events (FHREs) in the middle Yangtze River basin (MYRB) pose significant challenges. This study examined variations in lower tropospheric wind profiles hours before these FHREs using reanalysis data and wind profile radar observations. The findings highlight wind accelerations, directional shifts, and associated vertical shears preceding FHREs, providing valuable insight for severe weather warnings. During the summers of 2010–2019, FHREs occurred most frequently and contributed significantly to total precipitation during the Meiyu period, compared to before and after. Meiyu FHREs also exhibit longer durations and nocturnal peaks. Spatially, FHRE frequency increases from northwest to southeast, with higher frequencies in the topographic areas. The discernible moisture influx 4 hr before FHREs primarily comes from southwesterly and easterly winds below 700 hPa. Before FHRE, weaker easterly winds dominated western MYRB, while strong southerly winds prevailed in the east, influenced by mesoscale cyclonic shear and low‐level jets. Detailed wind changes below 4 km altitude show that over the southeastern MYRB, accelerated west‐southwest winds are observed 3–4 hr before FHREs, while southerly components near the boundary layer top intensified 2 hr earlier. Within 1 hr before FHREs, the wind speeds sharply increase to peak. East of the western mountains, southwesterly winds strengthen 5 hr prior, then weaken as they shift to northerlies just before FHREs, accompanied by reinforced northerlies near the surface. Over the western mountainous area, southeasterly components below 2 km altitude increase 4 hr before FHREs, although at lower speeds.
Exploring the Joint Association Between Agrichemical Mixtures and Pediatric Cancer
Authors: Taiba Jabeen , Beseler Cheryl , Zahid Muhammad , Bartelt‐Hunt Shannon , Kolok Alan , Rogan Eleanor
Published: February 2025

Nebraska's age‐adjusted incidence rates for childhood cancers are among the highest in the US. Previous studies indicated associations between agrichemical exposures (atrazine and nitrates) and pediatric cancer rate, assuming single pollutant exposure. We evaluated the joint association between the agricultural mixture and pediatric cancer. Agrichemical exposures at a county scale were quantified using the USGS Pesticide National Synthesis Project for frequently applied pesticides from 1992 to 2014 in 93 Nebraska counties. Outcomes were quantified using pediatric cancer diagnosed among children <20 years of age (1992–2014) from the Nebraska cancer registry. We adjusted for social vulnerability factors such as race, income, employment, and access to care. The associations between 32 agrichemicals and cancer subtypes were assessed using the Generalized Weighted Quantile Sum Regression (gWQS) model. The model was fit assuming a Poisson distribution and using the pediatric population as an offset‐term and social vulnerability factors as covariates. We observed a statistically significant positive association between the 32 agrichemicals and overall pediatric cancer and subtypes. The strength of associations was slightly stronger among brain and CNS cancers (β = 0.36, CI = 0.14, 0.57) compared to overall cancer (β = 0.30, CI = 0.16, 0.44) and leukemia (β = 0.23, CI = 0.09, 0.38). Dicamba, glyphosate, paraquat, quizalofop, triasulfuron, and tefluthrin largely contributed to the joint association. These findings may explain the joint associations of the agrichemical mixture on childhood cancer. Alternative biomarker‐based approaches to measuring human exposure are worth investigating for chemicals of concern, particularly in counties with high agrichemical and cancer rates.
Quantitative Estimates of Younger Dryas Freshening From Lipid δ2H Analysis in the Beaufort Sea
Authors: Wu Junjie , Stein Ruediger , Sachs Julian P. , Wolhowe Matthew , Fahl Kirsten , You Defang
Published: February 2025

The leading hypothesis attributes the Younger Dryas (YD) event to a disruption in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, driven by meltwater input from North America. Determining the origin, timing, and magnitude of YD freshening are crucial for understanding abrupt climate change. This study examines the δ2H values of specific lipids in response to freshwater discharge and provides a quantitative estimate of YD freshening, using a marine sediment core from the Canadian Beaufort Sea, a region with documented evidence of a YD flood event. A pronounced reduction in δ2H values of leaf wax lipids and microalgal dinosterol indicates marked freshening at the onset of the YD, with the YD flood and the melting Laurentide Ice Sheet likely reducing surface water salinity by ∼15–24. In contrast, salinity levels remained high and stable for the last 8 kyr, likely implying a drier climate in the Mackenzie River basin.
Control of Coral Reefs Formation by Boudin‐Like Crustal Extension Processes in the South China Sea: New Insights From Wide‐Angle Seismic Imaging
Authors: Zhang Chenglong , Xia Shaohong , Cao Jinghe , Fan Chaoyan , Wan Kuiyuan , Gou Tao
Published: February 2025

Coral reefs with uniform NE‐SW trends are a prominent geological feature along the southern margin of the South China Sea (SCS), closely linked to continental crustal extension. However, their interrelationship and evolution remain inadequately understood. In this study, we present a P‐wave velocity model extending from the abyssal basin to the reef areas along the southern SCS margin, derived from forward modeling and travel‐time tomography using a 315‐km‐long wide‐angle seismic profile OBS2019ZX1. The results reveal that the crustal thickness beneath the reef areas ranges from 17 to 21 km, with a crustal stretching factor (β) between 1.5 and 1.8, indicating more primitive crustal characteristics. Between the thicker crustal segments beneath the reefs lies an extensional basin, tens of kilometers wide with the thinnest crustal thickness of approximately 13 km and the β exceeding 2.4. We observe strongly heterogeneous crustal extension along the southern SCS margin, where NE‐SW trending extensional basins separate thicker crustal segments to form the boudin‐like crust. The rifting of the western conjugated margins in the SCS persisted longer and resulted in more complex crustal thinning compared to the eastern region. Crustal extension primarily focused on banded rift basins parallel to the spreading center, leading to the formation of wide rifted margins and dispersed crustal blocks. Under tropical climates, the topographic highs of the blocks exhibit high carbonate productivity, accumulating to form coral reefs. We propose that boudin‐like crustal extension is a key factor controlling the formation of elongated NE‐SW trending coral reefs along the southern SCS margin.
Mechanisms of Tropical Sea Surface Salinity Variations at Seasonal Timescales
Authors: Hochet Antoine , Tajouri Soumaïa , Kolodziejczyk Nicolas , Llovel William
Published: February 2025

Climate‐coupled models typically overestimate the amplitude of the seasonal cycle of sea surface salinity (SSS) in the tropics. A better understanding of the mechanisms controlling the seasonal variance of SSS could provide directions for improving the representation of the SSS seasonal cycle amplitude in these models. In this work, we use a novel framework, based on seasonal salinity variance budget (SVB), which we apply to the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) state estimate, to study the mechanisms controlling the variance of seasonal SSS in the tropical oceans. Our findings reveal that oceanic advection, vertical diffusion, and freshwater fluxes from rivers and precipitation all play an important role in controlling the amplitude of the seasonal cycle, but their impact varies regionally. The SVB framework effectively distinguishes between “source” (mechanisms that enhance variance) and “sinks” (mechanisms that dampen variance). We show that vertical diffusion acts as the primary sink across most regions, except for the eastern Arabian Sea where precipitation dominates as the main sink. In other regions of the tropical oceans, precipitation and river runoff act as sources of variance. The effect of the advective term on the SSS variance is shown to be mainly the sum of two terms—first, a term associated with the spatial redistribution of the variability by the eddy‐parametrized oceanic circulation, and second, a term associated to a transfer of salinity variance between the time mean and seasonal circulations.
Physical Connectivity Between Mesophotic Areas in the Northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Lopera Luisa , Bracco Annalisa , Herrera Santiago
Published: February 2025

Understanding connectivity patterns is crucial for marine planning, particularly in the design of marine protected areas or restoration plans. In this study, we assess the potential physical connectivity between mesophotic areas in the northern Gulf of Mexico and investigate the dynamical features influencing such connectivity using a physical modeling approach. We use the Coastal and Regional Ocean COmmunity model in conjunction with a particle transport Lagrangian tool to evaluate the general pathways of material transport among mesophotic areas, focusing on the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary and the Pinnacles Trend over 2 years. Additionally, we conduct a sensitivity analysis to identify the minimum necessary model configuration for capturing the impact of kilometer‐scale circulation on connectivity metrics. Our results reveal year‐round low connectivity potential between mesophotic areas with high seasonal heterogeneity in transport direction and dispersal distances due to the high variability of the currents fields. In the study areas, material dispersion appears to be primarily driven by the extension of shelf currents and by submesoscale circulations (SCs). Sensitivity analysis suggests that high‐resolution velocity fields with horizontal grid spacing capable of resolving SCs and temporal resolution of 6 hr or less are required to accurately capture the impact of small‐scale circulations on connectivity, especially in summer, when currents are weak and submesoscale fronts are essential to establish dispersion patterns.
Spectral Extension of the CPF‐Measured Earth‐Reflected Solar Radiances for CPF‐CERES Intercalibration
Authors: Yang Q. , Liu X. , Wu W. , Shea Y. L. , Bhatt R. , Bartle A. D. , Thurston A.
Published: February 2025

The Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) Pathfinder (CPF) mission is set to launch an SI‐traceable reflective solar (RS) spectrometer aboard the International Space Station to measure Earth‐reflected solar radiation with a radiometric uncertainty of 0.3%–0.6% (k = 1). This paper introduces a fast and accurate spectral extension algorithm designed to expand CPF‐like spectral radiances beyond the CPF spectral range (0.35–2.3 μm) to align with the CERES SW spectral range for its filtered (0.2–5 μm) and unfiltered (0.2–15.0 μm) radiances, facilitating accurate CPF‐CERES intercalibration. The algorithm demonstrates excellent accuracy in generating the missing energy within the UV and IR segments of the CERES SW range. The standard deviation is 0.2% for the integrated unfiltered radiances and 0.05% for the integrated filtered radiances. The bias is only −0.01% for the unfiltered case and −0.003% for the filtered case. The methodology was validated using measured EMIT radiance data. We employed EMIT radiances within the wavelength range of 0.43–2.25 μm to generate radiances for both the shorter (0.381–0.43 μm) and longer wavelength range (2.25–2.493 μm). The standard deviation in the integrated broadband radiances is about 0.1%, and the bias is less than 0.004% for over 1.5 million EMIT samples. These statistics suggest that the spectral extension algorithm is robust and effective in substantially reducing the spectral difference‐induced uncertainty in the CPF‐CERES intercalibration.
Application of a Deep Learning‐Based Sea Surface Roughness Parameterization in a Global Forecasting System
Authors: Sun Difu , Yang Jinhui , Yin Fukang , Zhang Weimin , Wu Jianping , Leng Hongze , Ren Kaijun , Song Junqiang
Published: February 2025

Accurately calculating the momentum exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean is essential for global weather forecasting. However, current widely used parameterization schemes face challenges in accurately estimating sea surface roughness . Deep learning (DL) technology offers new opportunities to address this problem. Here, we present a DL‐based parameterization scheme for sea surface roughness, which we have integrated into a global forecasting system. The DL‐based scheme demonstrates advantages over four widely used traditional schemes in offline and online tests. In the offline tests based on observational data, the DL‐based scheme significantly improved root mean square errors (RMSEs) for the calculated , with a decrease of at least compared to the four traditional schemes. In the online tests based on the coupling of the DL‐based scheme with a global forecasting system, the DL‐based scheme also shows advantages over four traditional schemes, especially in forecasting the geopotential height and the wind field for the Southern Hemisphere.
Increased Occurrence of Stratiform Clouds in the Caribbean Dry Season Since 1971 From Surface Observations
Authors: Eastman Ryan , McCoy Isabel L. , Zuidema Paquita , Schulz Hauke , Barrett Patrick
Published: February 2025

This study examines low cloud trends over 1971–2020 by utilizing a unique, surface based cloud record generated by human observers at Caribbean island weather stations. In the dry season (December–April), when low clouds dominate cloud behavior in the Caribbean, Stratocumulus cloud frequency increases at the expense of Cumulus clouds. Low cloud cover varies positively with Stratocumulus clouds and exhibits a slight increasing trend. Rainfall frequency, observed at a subset of co‐located stations, varies positively with Stratocumulus frequency, corroborating their increasing trend. Trends in temperature and humidity show stronger warming aloft compared to the surface and drying at low levels. Stratocumulus are shown to respond positively to increases in the surface latent heat flux and to a stronger inversion in this study region. These results suggest that observed increases in Stratocumulus could be driven by increases in moisture fluxes into the more strongly capped boundary layer. Increased wintertime cloud cover and precipitation frequency may represent a de‐amplifying feedback to Caribbean warming and drying. Climate indices such as the North Atlantic Oscillation and ENSO do not show significant relationships with Stratocumulus variability, nor do variations in aerosol concentration.