bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the efficacy of low-molecular-weight heparin and fondaparinux sodium after total knee arthroplasty: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yang Tianxiang , Liu Zige , Zhang Bowen , Zhang Jinning , Ma Anning , Cao Dede , Chen Desheng
Published: July 2023

Background

Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) and fondaparinux sodium (FPX) are routinely used to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In this study, we compared the effects of these agents in preventing post-TKA DVT.

Methods

Clinical data of patients who underwent unilateral TKA for unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis at the Ningxia Medical University General Hospital between September 2021 and June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the anticoagulation agent used, the patients were divided into LMWH and FPX groups (34 and 37 patients, respectively). Changes in perioperative coagulation-related indicators, d-dimer and platelet count, perioperative complete blood count, amount of blood loss, lower-limb DVT, pulmonary embolism, and allogeneic blood transfusion were determined.

Results

Intergroup differences in d-dimer or fibrinogen (FBG) levels before and 1 or 3 days after surgery were not significant (all p > 0.05); within-group pairwise comparisons indicated significant differences (all, p < 0.05). Intergroup differences in preoperative prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time, activated partial PT, and international normalized ratio were not significant (all p > 0.05), whereas significant differences were detected on postoperative days 1 and 3 (all p < 0.05). Intergroup differences in platelet counts before and 1 or 3 days after surgery were not significantly different (all p > 0.05). Pairwise comparisons of hemoglobin and hematocrit levels between patients in the same group before and 1 or 3 days after surgery revealed significant differences in both groups (all p < 0.05); however, intergroup differences were not significant (all p > 0.05). Although intergroup differences in visual analog scale (VAS) scores before and 1 or 3 days after surgery were not significant (p > 0.05), we detected significant intragroup differences in VAS scores before and 1 or 3 days after surgery (p < 0.05). The treatment cost ratio was significantly lower in the LMWH group than in the FPX group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Both LMWH and FPX can effectively prevent DVT after TKA. There are some suggestive signals that FPX may have more beneficial pharmacological effects and clinical significance, while LMWH is cheaper and therefore more economical.
Identification of the inferior alveolar canal using cone-beam computed tomography vs. panoramic radiography: a retrospective comparative study
Authors: Karameh Rawia , Abu-Ta’a Mahmoud F. , Beshtawi Khaled R.
Published: July 2023

Background

This study aims at evaluating the visibility levels of the inferior alveolar canal (IAC) at different mandibular sites using panoramic (conventional & CBCT reformatted) and CBCT coronal views in a sample of a Palestinian population.

Methods

The panoramic (conventional [CP] & CBCT reformatted [CRP]) and CBCT coronal views (CCV) of 103 patients (206 records, right and left sides) were analyzed. The visibility of IAC at five sites extending from the first premolar to the third mandibular molar region was evaluated visually (and compared among the radiographic views) as clearly visible, probably visible, invisible/poorly visible, or not present at the examined site. On CCV, the maximum dimension of the IAC (MD), the vertical distance (VD) between the mandibular cortex and IAC, and the horizontal position (HP) of the IAC were noted. Statistical significance in the differences and relationships of the variables was tested using several statistical tests.

Results

There was a statistically significant relationship between the radiography modality (CP, CRP, CCV) and the visibility level of IAC (assessed in scores) at the five mandibular sites. When assessed on CP, CRP, and CCV, the IAC was clearly visible at all sites in 40.4%, 30.9%, and 39.6%, respectively, while being invisible/poorly visible in 27.5%, 38.9%, and 7.2% for the same views, respectively. The mean values of MD and VD were 3.61 mm and 8.48 mm, respectively.

Conclusion

Different radiographic modalities would characterize the IAC’s structure in different qualities. Superior visibility levels were obtained interchangeably using CBCT cross-sectional views and conventional panorama at different sites compared to CBCT reformatted panorama. The IACs visibility was noted to improve at their distal aspects irrespective of the radiographic modality used. Gender —but not age— was a significant factor in the visibility level of IAC at only two mandibular sites.
Pregnancy complications in last pregnancy and mothers’ long-term cardiovascular mortality: does the relation differ from that of complications in first pregnancy? A population-based study
Authors: Seid Abdu Kedir , Morken Nils-Halvdan , Klungsøyr Kari , Kvalvik Liv Grimstvedt , Sorbye Linn Marie , Vatten Lars Johan , Skjærven Rolv
Published: July 2023

Background

Women who experience complications in first pregnancy are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) later in life. Little corresponding knowledge is available for complications in later pregnancies. Therefore, we assessed complications (preeclampsia, preterm birth, and offspring small for gestational age) in first and last pregnancies and the risk of long-term maternal CVD death, taking women´s complete reproduction into account.

Data and methods

We linked data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway to the national Cause of Death Registry. We followed women whose first birth took place during 1967–2013, from the date of their last birth until death, or December 31st 2020, whichever occurred first. We analysed risk of CVD death until 69 years of age according to any complications in last pregnancy. Using Cox regression analysis, we adjusted for maternal age at first birth and level of education.

Results

Women with any complications in their last or first pregnancy were at higher risk of CVD death than mothers with two-lifetime births and no pregnancy complications (reference). For example, the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for women with four births and any complications only in the last pregnancy was 2.85 (95% CI, 1.93–4.20). If a complication occurred in the first pregnancy only, the aHR was 1.74 (1.24–2.45). Corresponding hazard ratios for women with two births were 1.82 (CI, 1.59–2.08) and 1.41 (1.26–1.58), respectively.

Conclusions

The risk for CVD death was higher among mothers with complications only in their last pregnancy compared to women with no complications, and also higher compared to mothers with a complication only in their first pregnancy.
Integrated analysis of online signals and insight generation about digital conversations on COVID-19 vaccines in Eastern and Southern Africa: a longitudinal analysis of social listening data
Authors: Sommariva Silvia , Bon Helena Ballester , De Almeida Sofia , Mote Jenna , Brouwers Sijmen , Sani Massimiliano , Fol Natalie
Published: July 2023

Background

During the COVID-19 pandemic, social listening programs across digital channels have become an integral part of health preparedness and response planning, allowing to capture and address questions, information needs, and misinformation shared by users. This study identifies key social listening trends around COVID-19 vaccines in Eastern and Southern Africa and analyses how online conversations about this issue evolved over time.

Methods

A taxonomy developed and refined in collaboration with social and behaviour change teams was used to filter online conversations into nine subtopic categories. The taxonomy was applied to online content tracked in 21 countries in Eastern and Southern Africa over the period December 1, 2020—December 31, 2021. Metrics captured included volume of posts or articles and related user engagement. Qualitative analysis of content was conducted to identify key concerns, information voids and misinformation.

Results

Over 300,000 articles and posts about COVID-19 vaccines shared by users or outlets geolocated in the region were analysed. These results generated over 14 million engagements on social media and digital platforms. The analysis shows how conversations about access and availability of vaccines represented the largest share of engagement over the course of the period. Conversations about vaccine effectiveness and safety represented the second and third largest share of engagement, with peaks observed in August and November 2021. Online interest in childhood vaccination increased over time as vaccine eligibility criteria expanded in some countries in the region. Conversations mentioning mandates and certificates peaked in the last quarter of 2021, as governments as private sector entities expanded vaccine requirements.

Conclusions

Findings from this study show the importance of monitoring conversation trends over time and adjust social listening data collection systems to include emerging topics. The study also points to the need to consider concerns, information voids and misinformation around effectiveness and safety of vaccines in the context of overall concern for vaccine availability and access in Eastern and Southern Africa. This is fundamental to inform social and behaviour change strategies that promote vaccine demand effectively, without increasing public frustration over vaccine availability challenges and downplaying concerns around vaccine equity.
Quality of life after pediatric cancer: comparison of long-term childhood cancer survivors’ quality of life with a representative general population sample and associations with physical health and risk indicators
Authors: Ernst Mareike , Hinz Andreas , Brähler Elmar , Merzenich Hiltrud , Faber Jörg , Wild Philipp S. , Beutel Manfred E.
Published: July 2023

Background

This study aimed to compare the quality of life (QoL) reported by childhood cancer survivors (CCS) drawn from a cohort of the German Childhood Cancer Registry with a representative general population sample and, within CCS, to test associations between QoL and health behavior, health risk factors, and physical illness.

Methods

CCS (N = 633, age at diagnosis M = 6.34 (SD = 4.38), age at medical assessment M = 34.92 (SD = 5.70)) and a general population sample (age-aligned; N = 975) filled out the EORTC QLQ-C30. Comparisons were performed using General linear models (GLMs) (fixed effects: sex/gender, group (CCS vs. general population); covariates: age, education level). CCS underwent an extensive medical assessment (mean time from diagnosis to assessment was 28.07 (SD = 3.21) years) including an objective diagnosis of health risk factors and physical illnesses (e.g., diabetes and cardiovascular disease). Within CCS, we tested associations between QoL and sociodemographic characteristics, health behavior, health risk factors, and physical illness.

Results

CCS, especially female CCS, reported both worse functional QoL and higher symptom burden than the general population. Among CCS, better total QoL was related to younger age, higher level of education, being married, and engaging in active sports. Both health risk factors (dyslipidemia and physical inactivity) and manifest physical illnesses (cardiovascular disease) were associated with lower total QoL.

Conclusions

In all domains, long-term CCS reported worse QoL than the comparison sample. The negative associations with risk factors and physical illnesses indicate an urgent need for long-term surveillance and health promotion.
Association of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol trajectories with the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an epidemiological and genome-wide association study
Authors: Lee Jun-Hyuk , Kim Jiyeon , Kim Jung Oh , Kwon Yu-Jin
Published: July 2023

Background

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) shares common risk factors with cardiovascular diseases. Effects of longitudinal trends in non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol on NAFLD development are not understood. This study aimed to assess the relationship between non-HDL cholesterol trajectories and the incidence of NAFLD and to identify genetic differences contributing to NAFLD development between non-HDL cholesterol trajectory groups.

Methods

We analyzed data from 2203 adults (aged 40–69 years) who participated in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. During the 6-year exposure periods, participants were classified into an increasing non-HDL cholesterol trajectory group (n = 934) or a stable group (n = 1269). NAFLD was defined using a NAFLD-liver fat score > -0.640. Multiple Cox proportional hazard regression analysis estimated the hazard ratio (HR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) for the incidence of NAFLD in the increasing group compared with the stable group.

Results

A genome-wide association study identified significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with NAFLD. During the median 7.8-year of event accrual period, 666 (30.2%) newly developed NAFLD cases were collected. Compared with the stable non-HDL group, the adjusted HR (95% CI) for the incidence of NAFLD in the increasing non-HDL cholesterol group was 1.46 (1.25–1.71). Although there were no significant SNPs, the polygenic risk score was highest in the increasing group, followed by the stable and control groups.

Conclusion

Our study indicates that lifestyle or environmental factors have a greater effect size than genetic factors in NAFLD progression risk. Lifestyle modification could be an effective prevention strategy for NAFLD for people with elevated non-HDL cholesterol.
Pharmacological inhibition of demethylzeylasteral on JAK-STAT signaling ameliorates vitiligo
Authors: Chang Yuqian , Kang Pan , Cui Tingting , Guo Weinan , Zhang Weigang , Du Pengran , Yi Xiuli , Guo Sen , Gao Tianwen , Li Chunying , Li Shuli
Published: July 2023

Background

The activation of CD8+ T cells and their trafficking to the skin through JAK-STAT signaling play a central role in the development of vitiligo. Thus, targeting this key disease pathway with innovative drugs is an effective strategy for treating vitiligo. Natural products isolated from medicinal herbs are a useful source of novel therapeutics. Demethylzeylasteral (T-96), extracted from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, possesses immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties.

Methods

The efficacy of T-96 was tested in our mouse model of vitiligo, and the numbers of CD8+ T cells infiltration and melanocytes remaining in the epidermis were quantified using whole-mount tail staining. Immune regulation of T-96 in CD8+ T cells was evaluated using flow cytometry. Pull-down assay, mass spectrum analysis, molecular docking, knockdown and overexpression approaches were utilized to identify the target proteins of T-96 in CD8+ T cells and keratinocytes.

Results

Here, we found that T-96 reduced CD8+ T cell infiltration in the epidermis using whole-mount tail staining and alleviated the extent of depigmentation to a comparable degree of tofacitinib (Tofa) in our vitiligo mouse model. In vitro, T-96 decreased the proliferation, CD69 membrane expression, and IFN-γ, granzyme B, (GzmB), and perforin (PRF) levels in CD8+ T cells isolated from patients with vitiligo. Pull-down assays combined with mass spectrum analysis and molecular docking showed that T-96 interacted with JAK3 in CD8+ T cell lysates. Furthermore, T-96 reduced JAK3 and STAT5 phosphorylation following IL-2 treatment. T-96 could not further reduce IFN-γ, GzmB and PRF expression following JAK3 knockdown or inhibit increased immune effectors expression upon JAK3 overexpression. Additionally, T-96 interacted with JAK2 in IFN-γ-stimulated keratinocytes, inhibiting the activation of JAK2, decreasing the total and phosphorylated protein levels of STAT1, and reducing the production and secretion of CXCL9 and CXCL10. T-96 did not significantly inhibit STAT1 and CXCL9/10 expression following JAK2 knockdown, nor did it suppress upregulated STAT1-CXCL9/10 signaling upon JAK2 overexpression. Finally, T-96 reduced the membrane expression of CXCR3, and the culture supernatants pretreated with T-96 under IFN-γ stressed keratinocytes markedly blocked the migration of CXCR3+CD8+ T cells, similarly to Tofa in vitro.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrated that T-96 might have positive therapeutic responses to vitiligo by pharmacologically inhibiting the effector functions and skin trafficking of CD8+ T cells through JAK-STAT signaling.
Wall-to-wall mapping of carbon loss within the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone after the 2020 catastrophic wildfire
Authors: Matsala Maksym , Myroniuk Viktor , Borsuk Oleksandr , Vishnevskiy Denis , Schepaschenko Dmitry , Shvidenko Anatoly , Kraxner Florian , Bilous Andrii
Published: July 2023

Key message

We propose a framework to derive the direct loss of aboveground carbon stocks after the 2020 wildfire in forests of the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone using optical and radar Sentinel satellite data. Carbon stocks were adequately predicted using stand-wise inventory data and local combustion factors where new field observations are impossible. Both the standalone Sentinel-1 backscatter delta (before and after fire) indicator and radar-based change model reliably predicted the associated carbon loss.

Context

The Chornobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ) is a mosaic forest landscape undergoing dynamic natural disturbances. Local forests are mostly planted and have low ecosystem resilience against the negative impact of global climate and land use change. Carbon stock fluxes after wildfires in the area have not yet been quantified. However, the assessment of this and other ecosystem service flows is crucial in contaminated (both radioactively and by unexploded ordnance) landscapes of the CEZ.

Aims

The aim of this study was to estimate carbon stock losses resulting from the catastrophic 2020 fires in the CEZ using satellite data, as field visitations or aerial surveys are impossible due to the ongoing war.

Methods

The aboveground carbon stock was predicted in a wall-to-wall manner using random forest modelling based on Sentinel data (both optical and synthetic aperture radar or SAR). We modelled the carbon stock loss using the change in Sentinel-1 backscatter before and after the fire events and local combustion factors.

Results

Random forest models performed well (root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 22.6 MgC·ha−1 or 37% of the mean) to predict the pre-fire carbon stock. The modelled carbon loss was estimated to be 156.3 Gg C (9.8% of the carbon stock in burned forests or 1.5% at the CEZ level). The standalone SAR backscatter delta showed a higher RMSE than the modelled estimate but better systematic agreement (0.90 vs. 0.73). Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)-dominated stands contributed the most to carbon stock loss, with 74% of forests burned in 2020.

Conclusion

The change in SAR backscatter before and after a fire event can be used as a rough proxy indicator of aboveground carbon stock loss for timely carbon map updating. The model using SAR backscatter change and backscatter values prior to wildfire is able to reliably estimate carbon emissions when on-ground monitoring is impossible.
Magnetic chitosan-zeolite composite as an adsorbent in ultrasound-assisted magnetic solid phase extraction of tetracyclines in water samples
Authors: Lefatle Mpho Charmaine , Madikizela Lawrence Mzukisi , Pakade Vusumzi Emmanuel , Nomngongo Philiswa Nosizo
Published: July 2023

An ultrasound-assisted magnetic solid-phase extraction method was developed to pre-concentrate tetracyclines (TCs) in wastewater and river water. The magnetic chitosan-zeolite composite was used as an adsorbent. The morphological and structural properties of the adsorbent were characterised by various analytical techniques. The factors affecting the ultrasound-assisted magnetic solid-phase extraction method were optimised using a central composite design. A high performance liquid chromatography equipped with a photodiode array detector was used to quantify TCs in wastewater and river water samples. Under optimised parameters, the developed analytical approach gave acceptable linearity (LOQ-400 µg L−1) with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.993, while the detection and quantitation limits ranged from 0.05–0.67 and 0.14–2.03 µg L−1, respectively. Attained recoveries were 90–101%, with intraday and interday precision expressed as the relative standard deviation (%RSD) below 5%. Even though the target analytes (tetracycline, oxytetracycline and oxytetracycline) were not detected in environmental samples, the synthesised adsorbent was suitable for the isolation of TCs in a complex matrix resulting in an accurate, precise, rapid and sensitive analytical method.
Peritoneal dialysis care by using artificial intelligence (AI) and information technology (IT) in Japan and expectations for the future
Authors: Nakamoto Hidetomo , Aoyagi Ryutaro , Kusano Takeru , Kobayashi Takehito , Ryuzaki Munekazu
Published: July 2023

In 2022, the government approved the telemedicine system for peritoneal dialysis (PD) in Japan in the form of medical fees. In 2000, we completed a telemedicine system for PD using an automatic peritoneal dialysis (APD) machine. We have published several papers and obtained international patents, but it was impossible to spread them. In recent years, the use of the internet and the spread of COVID-19 have led to the recognition of the importance of telemedicine, leading to the approval of medical fees for telemedicine in PD treatment in Japan. This change is believed to indicate the future direction of PD medicine. However, the current systems are still inadequate. They are difficult to use, and it is difficult for older patients to master their use. Therefore, we hope to develop a system that is easy to use, even for older patients. The new system is a wristwatch or mobile phone monitoring system for blood pressure, heart rate, partial pressure of oxygen, and electrocardiogram. However, development competition for such a mechanism occurs worldwide. Soon, the use of telemedicine in home medical care is expected to become a common practice. It is expected that the telemedicine system, which has been approved for patients using APD in Japan, will also be available for patients undergoing PD other than APD and patients undergoing home hemodialysis in the future. One important feature would be cooperation among doctors, nurses, clinical engineers, medical care teams, and primary care physicians. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and information technology (IT) are expected to significantly expand PD medical care in the future. This review is focused on the use of AI and IT for PD medical care in Japan and expectations for the future.
A joinpoint regression model to determine COVID-19 virulence due to vaccination programme in India: a longitudinal analysis from 2020 to 2022
Authors: Perumal Vanamail
Published: July 2023

Background

In late 2019, coronavirus disease, an acute respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), was designated COVID-19 and declared a pandemic. The interim guidance for prevention is through voluntary quarantine, mandatory quarantine, personal protective measures and maintaining social distance in public places. However, considering the severity and rapid spread of the disease to various countries, vaccine development was the last option to cope with the dire consequences. As of 14 Feb 2023, approximately 756 million people were infected with COVID-19 and 6.84 million deaths. As of 30 Jan 2023, around 1317 crores of vaccine doses were administered worldwide. In India, as of 15 Feb 2023, there were approximately 44.15 million infected persons due to COVID-19 and 5,30,756 deaths (1.2%). Considering the high case fatality rate and population size, the Government of India (GOI) implemented the COVID vaccination programme on 16 Jan 2021. As of 15 Feb 2023, approximately 220.63 crores of vaccine doses were administered.

Methods

We applied joinpoint regression analysis to determine the virulence of COVID-19 cases concerning their daily percentage change (DPC) and average DPC (ADPC) during India’s prevaccination and vaccination phases. We considered the database of daily reporting of COVID-19 cases covering 1018 days (19 Mar 2020 to 31 Dec 2022) that included both prevaccination and vaccination phases.

Results

Three joinpoint regression analyses adequately fit the data and identified four segments during the prevaccination and vaccination phases. Although the DPC value was 6.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.7 to 8.3) in the initial period of 50 days, the ADPC value significantly declined to 1.6% (95% CI 1.3 to 1.8) at the end of the prevaccination phase. During the vaccination phase, the model identified two significant segment periods that coincided with the waves of SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron Delta variants. The corresponding DPC values were 4.6% (95% CI 4.2 to 4.9) and 21.6% (95% CI 15.1 to 28.4), respectively. Despite these waves, COVID vaccination significantly reduced the ADPC value (− 1.6%; 95% CI − 1.7 to − 1.5).

Conclusions

We demonstrated the lockdown and vaccination phases significantly reduced ADPC. Furthermore, we quantified the severity of SARS-CoV-2, the Delta and the Omicron variant. The study findings are significant from an epidemiological perspective and can help health professionals to implement appropriate control measures.
Numerical simulation and validation of local wind environment of twin-box girder with wind barriers
Authors: Wu Fengying , Zhao Lin , Cao Fengchan , Ge Yaojun
Published: July 2023

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to reproduce wind fields around a twin-box girder. Wind tunnel tests and field measurements were conducted to verify the accuracy of the CFD results. Variations in wind speed at different heights and crosswind reduction effects with different barriers were also examined using CFD simulation; the barriers had significant reduction effects. The reduction effectiveness was closely related to the barrier height and position; porosity was also a crucial factor. The wind speed profiles of a twin-box girder and a single box girder were analysed to determine why the wind speeds above the downstream deck were lower than above the windward deck of the twin-box girder. The results show that the incoming flow leaked downward through the slotted parts of the bridge and formed regulation vortices. Wind speeds were lower above the downstream deck than above the upstream deck as a result of leakage effects. The gap width also influenced the wind environment around the bridge deck.
Regional source rock thermal stress modeling and map-based charge access modeling of the Port Isabel passive margin foldbelt, northwestern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Bugti Muhammad Nawaz , Mann Paul
Published: July 2023

The Port Isabel passive margin foldbelt covers 17,000 km2 of the northwestern deepwater U.S. Gulf of Mexico. Seven oil exploration wells have been drilled in the area from 1996 to 2007, yielding a single uncommercial gas discovery. The 5–7 km thick Oligo-Miocene section prevents drilling from penetrating the underlying Paleogene and Mesozoic source rocks. Accommodation space for the Oligo-Miocene section is created by the collapse of a paleo-salt wall, leading to linked fault systems in the upper decollement to the east. We use 13 exploration wells to construct 1D and map-based 2D basin models to investigate the burial and thermal history of three inferred source rock horizons (Paleogene, Turonian, and Tithonian). We interpret a 2D seismic data grid tied to four wells to constrain stratigraphic depths and thicknesses of the younger and shallower Wilcox source rock horizons, and the Jurassic and Cretaceous source rock horizons. Our results indicate that vitrinite reflectance is a proxy for the thermal stress levels reached by the source rocks as supported by maps of hydrocarbon charge access. We conclude that all three source rock intervals have reached varying degrees of maturity, expelled hydrocarbons in late Paleogene to mid-Neogene, and likely continue expelling hydrocarbons to the present-day at a reduced rate. The deposition of the Oligocene and Middle Miocene sedimentary section has buried the underlying source intervals and likely brought them into the gas/condensate window in the present-day. Our mapping of the extensive seismic reflection grid reveals four-way structural closures, three-way stratigraphic traps, and salt truncation structures associated with amplitude anomalies which may support our predictions for maturity in the underlying source rocks. Our thermal stress maps predict that the modeled source rocks are mature and our charge access models for the available wells constrain migration patterns, although the timing of the early hydrocarbon charge and late trap formation remain significant risk factors.
Optogenetic control of Wnt signaling models cell-intrinsic embryogenic patterning using 2D human pluripotent stem cell culture
Authors: Repina Nicole A. , Johnson Hunter J. , Bao Xiaoping , Zimmermann Joshua A. , Joy David A. , Bi Shirley Z. , Kane Ravi S. , Schaffer David V.
Published: July 2023

In embryonic stem cell (ESC) models for early development, spatially and temporally varying patterns of signaling and cell types emerge spontaneously. However, mechanistic insight into this dynamic self-organization is limited by a lack of methods for spatiotemporal control of signaling, and the relevance of signal dynamics and cell-to-cell variability to pattern emergence remains unknown. Here, we combine optogenetic stimulation, imaging and transcriptomic approaches to study self-organization of human ESCs (hESC) in two-dimensional (2D) culture. Morphogen dynamics were controlled via optogenetic activation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling (optoWnt), which drove broad transcriptional changes and mesendoderm differentiation at high efficiency (>99% cells). When activated within cell subpopulations, optoWnt induced cell self-organization into distinct epithelial and mesenchymal domains, mediated by changes in cell migration, an epithelial to mesenchymal-like transition and TGFβ signaling. Furthermore, we demonstrate that such optogenetic control of cell subpopulations can be used to uncover signaling feedback mechanisms between neighboring cell types. These findings reveal that cell-to-cell variability in Wnt signaling is sufficient to generate tissue-scale patterning and establish a hESC model system for investigating feedback mechanisms relevant to early human embryogenesis.
Developmental emergence of cortical neurogliaform cell diversity
Authors: Gomez Lucia , Cadilhac Christelle , Prados Julien , Mule Nandkishor , Jabaudon Denis , Dayer Alexandre
Published: July 2023

GABAergic interneurons are key regulators of cortical circuit function. Among the dozens of reported transcriptionally distinct subtypes of cortical interneurons, neurogliaform cells (NGCs) are unique: they are recruited by long-range excitatory inputs, are a source of slow cortical inhibition and are able to modulate the activity of large neuronal populations. Despite their functional relevance, the developmental emergence and diversity of NGCs remains unclear. Here, by combining single-cell transcriptomics, genetic fate mapping, and electrophysiological and morphological characterization, we reveal that discrete molecular subtypes of NGCs, with distinctive anatomical and molecular profiles, populate the mouse neocortex. Furthermore, we show that NGC subtypes emerge gradually through development, as incipient discriminant molecular signatures are apparent in preoptic area (POA)-born NGC precursors. By identifying NGC developmentally conserved transcriptional programs, we report that the transcription factor Tox2 constitutes an identity hallmark across NGC subtypes. Using CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genetic loss of function, we show that Tox2 is essential for NGC development: POA-born cells lacking Tox2 fail to differentiate into NGCs. Together, these results reveal that NGCs are born from a spatially restricted pool of Tox2+ POA precursors, after which intra-type diverging molecular programs are gradually acquired post-mitotically and result in functionally and molecularly discrete NGC cortical subtypes.
Changing Expectations of Participants in the Recruitment and Selection Process Due to the Advent of Digital Tools
Authors: Illarionova E.
Published: July 2023

Recruitment and selection of personnel is one of the most important tasks facing organizations that affect the effectiveness and stability of their activities. The beginning of the XXI century was marked by a continued increase in the pace of development of computer and network technologies, which was com-bined with increased accessibility for end users of modern devices. Personal computers and especially smartphones have become a necessary attribute of mo-dern life. In order to ensure the necessary speed and quality of solving the hiring problem, it is important to understand the current situation and expecta-tions of the participants in the process, apply relevant technologies and tools. The article examines the main participants in this process, as well as changes in their expectations and behavior, and also provides examples of tools that exist on the market, reflecting changes in the expectations of participants in this process.
PROFESSIONAL MENTALITY AS A COMPONENT OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
Authors: Koropec O. , Plutova M.
Published: July 2023

The introduction of digital technologies into the activities of modern organizations has an unprecedented impact on the sphere of work. New requirements are being imposed on the competencies and motivation of employees, as well as the development of human potential. In this connection, the research of professional mentality is becoming relevant in the digital economy. The article presents the results of a desk study of the essential understanding of professional mentality in the scientific literature. The method of bibliographic analysis was used as a research method. The article presents the results of a desk research of the essential understanding of professional mentality in the scientific literature. The method of bibliographic analysis was used as a research method. The results of the research showed that the topic of professional mentality development has been the subject of scientific discussions in various scientific fields and disciplines for several decades. However, aspects of the impact of digitalization of labor on the professional mentality are not given enough attention. In addition, the widespread introduction of digital technologies leads to the transformation of the mentality of representatives of various professions, which makes it possible to introduce the concept of "digital professional mentality" into scientific circulation. The results of the research have theoretical significance and necessitate further in-depth study of the impact of digitalization on the formation of various components of professional mentality.
BUILDING A CAREER IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REMOTE WORK MARKET
Authors: Laas N.
Published: July 2023

For many workers, the impact of COVID-19 was largely manifested in one question: can I work from home or am I tied to my workplace? Quarantines, lockdowns and self-isolation have pushed tens of millions of people around the world to work from home, accelerating the experiment of moving employees to remote jobs that gained momentum after COVID-19 broke out.

In the midst of a pandemic, the limitations and benefits of remote work have become more apparent. While many people are returning to their jobs as the economy recovers — most can't work remote at all — executives say in surveys that hybrid teleworking models aren't going anywhere for some employees. The virus has overcome the cultural and technological barriers that have prevented remote work in the past, triggering a structural shift in where work takes place, at least for some people.

Now that the restrictions have been lifted, another question arises: to what extent will remote work continue?
PCOS as a generational disease - risks to mother and children
Authors: Gendek Karolina , Kozłowska Anna , Dalmata Weronika , Gąbka Ilona , Dąbrowski Jan , Korzeniowska Anna
Published: July 2023

INTRODUCTION: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the dominant endocrine and metabolic disorder in young women. The incidence has increased significantly over the years and now affects approximately 6-20% of women of childbearing age.
AIM: The aim of the work is to present the current state of knowledge about PCOS, to show what complications it brings and to present the disease as a multi-generational problem.
TECHNICAL CONDITION. DESCRIPTION: It is widely accepted that hyperandrogenism plays a fundamental role in the development of most of the reproductive and metabolic disorders associated with PCOS. Excess androgens have a detrimental effect on the metabolic homeostasis of women with PCOS, acting on various metabolic tissues. PCOS is associated with reduced fertility or infertility. Women should be aware of factors affecting fertility, especially the effects of obesity and age. After pregnancy, women with PCOS have a significantly increased risk of pregnancy-related complications, including gestational diabetes, high blood pressure disorders, preterm and caesarean delivery, and pre-eclampsia.The offspring of women with PCOS may have an increased risk of birth defects and hospitalization in childhood. According to the DOHaD theory, the unfavorable uterine environment caused by mothers with PCOS, consisting in changes in fetal metabolism, may increase the susceptibility of the offspring to diseases in adulthood, according to the DOHaD theory. In addition, the offspring of PCOS are prone to a range of metabolic diseases in early adulthood, which will also affect the health of their children.
CONCLUSION: The effects of endocrine disorders affect women with PCOS as well as their offspring. Diet, weight maintenance, physical activity, anti-androgenic drugs and metformin are recommended to reduce symptoms in mothers and their children. Breaking the vicious circle of intergenerational transmission remains a huge challenge.
The effect of Ramadan and intermittent fasting on the development of Helicobacter pylori-induced peptic ulcers
Authors: Roy Yohan J , Lyutakov Ivan
Published: July 2023

A considerable portion of the world's population practices fasting, for religious purposes like Ramadan or to adopt a healthier lifestyle such as intermittent fasting. During this period, individuals undergo metabolic changes that alter their internal environment. The literature was analysed to identify a possible relationship between fasting and the development of Helicobacter pylori-induced peptic ulcers. This found that fasting does not affect the incidence of peptic ulcers, and studies that saw an increase in the incidence were not significant. However, remodelling of the gastric environment and increases in concentrations of H. pylori were recorded. There is no relationship between fasting and the risk of developing H. pylori-induced peptic ulcers, suggesting that individuals with uncomplicated ulcers are not at risk of developing further ulcers and can participate in fasts provided they take the recommended measures.
Building a Use For Captured Carbon
Authors: Knight Helen
Published: July 2023

Converting CO2 for construction
Competition Now Open
Authors: Excell Jon
Published: July 2023

Awards for innovative engineering
Graphene Breakthrough
Authors: Nathan Stuart
Published: July 2023

New technique for making membranes
Let there be Light
Authors: Wade Andrew
Published: July 2023

Inspired by a humble crustacean, Oxford startup First Light Fusion is aiming to achieve energy gain from fusion by 2024.
LIFTING EXPECTATIONS
Authors: Evans Benedict
Published: July 2023

VOLVO CE IS WELL KNOWN AS A LEADER IN OFF-HIGHWAY INNOVATION – BUT, AS iVT FOUND OUT, THIS ISN'T JUST ABOUT TECHNOLOGY, ITS EXPERTS ARE ALSO FOCUSED ON HUMAN FACTORS, INCLUDING INDUSTRY CULTURE AND OPERATOR FEEDBACK
The Big Shake Up
Authors: Dyble Jonathan
Published: July 2023

As space exploration ambitions increase, engineers are enhancing critical vibration testing methods to ensure the safety of launches, spacecraft and payloads
Scaling Up
Authors: Willis Paul
Published: July 2023

The wider use of additive manufacturing in aerospace is driving innovation in non-destructive testing
Metered Dose Inhalers (MDI’S) for High-Performance Pulmonary Drug Delivery in Assistance to Nanotechnology
Authors: Barve Manali Harshal , Shardul Priti Kiran , Munne Satish Sundarrao , Bendale Atul R , Naphade Vaishali , Pathan Vasim T. , B. Borse Laxmikant
Published: July 2023

Respiratory infections pose a severe danger to public health's morbidity and death on a global scale. Delivery via the lungs can be accomplished using several drug delivery tools, including nebulizers, MDI’s and dry powder inhalers. Metered dosage inhalers are the most intriguing and the clinician's first preference out of all of them. This review emphasized based on metered dose inhalers for the delivery of pulmonary drugs. This study focuses on the provision of various therapies employing lipid nanocarriers, polymeric nanoparticles dendrimers & micelles, among others, using metered dose inhalers, liposomes, solid lipid nanostructures, nanostructured lipid carriers, and other topics were thoroughly explored. The market scenario for different MDI’s as well as information on digital metered dose inhalers is also covered in this review.
Intelligent Application of Laser for Medical Prognosis: An Instance for Laser Mark Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Das Sumit , Mondal Dipansu , Majumdar Diprajyoti
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT: Refractive laser surgery is all about the accuracy, whether screening or surgery, given the age and profile of the patient enduring these trials, there is no margin for error. Most of them are for aesthetic reasons, contact lens intolerance, or professional reasons, including athletes. In this article, the role of artificial intelligence and deep learning in laser eye surgeries has been introduced. The presence of lingering laser spots on the retina after refractive laser surgery in diabetic retinopathy poses a potential risk to visual integrity and ocular well-being. The hypothesis for the research paper is that the hybridized convolutional neural network models, including LeNet-1, AlexNet, VGG16, PolyNet, Inception V2, and Inception-ResNetV2, will yield varying levels of performance in classifying and segmenting laser spots in the retina after diabetic retinopathy surgery. The hypothesis predicts that Inception-ResNetV2 will demonstrate superior results compared to the other CNN versions. The research aims to provide a novel approach for laser therapies and treatments, facilitating the rapid classification, highlighting, and segmentation of laser marks on the retina for prompt medical precautions. The comparative analysis revealed that Inception-ResNetV2 exhibited exceptional performance in both training and validation, achieving the highest accuracy (96.54%) for classifying diabetic retinopathy images. Notably, VGG16 also demonstrated strong performance with a validation accuracy of 94%. Conversely, LeNet-1, AlexNet, PolyNet, and Inception V2 displayed comparatively lower accuracy rates, suggesting their architectures may be less optimized for this particular image classification task. This achievement holds immense promise for timely detection, precise localization, and optimal management of laser spots, fostering enhanced visual outcomes and elevating the standards of patient care in this context.
A Critical Analysis of the Usage of Herbal Products Amidst South Indian Population for the Treatment of Alopecia
Authors: Shams Hiba , Pasha.S Imam , Ali Khan M. Mushraff , Koneru Anupama
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT: This article describes herbal remedies and herbal products for alopecia. It mainly states the use of herbal preparations for the treatment of hair loss and also describes their advantages over synthetic products and drugs. As the use of herbal blends have least side effects, maximum efficacy, and are economically and easily prevalent, they can act as naturopathic medicines in treating various types of hair loss. Hair loss can be due to different reasons such as genetic tendency, extreme stress, nutritional deficiency, environmental triggers, exposure to chemicals etc. Hence use of synthetic compounds can show unfavorable outcomes such as scaling, dermatitis, pruritus and other skin related problems and to overcome such effects herbal products which are made by extraction of natural compounds mainly herbs are preferred as they play a role in patient compliance and show more than one mode of action for the treatment of alopecia. The article basically gives the description of various herbal products, remedies and also herbal products with nutrient supplements available with their brand name, manufacturing details along with their cost, indications which can be beneficial to treat hair loss.
Quantitative Analysis of Gallic acid and Quercetin by HPTLC and In vitro Antioxidant activity of Averrhoa carambola Linn
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Verma Navneet , Raj Varsha
Published: July 2023

The preliminary phytochemical screening of ethanolic extracts of Averrhoa carambola (A. carambola) leaves were done using the standard protocol. The findings of phytochemical analysis exhibited the occurrence of Carbohydrates, Alkaloids, Steroids, Tannins, Vitamin C and flavonoids by using the Folin-Ciocalteu technique and the aluminum chloride colorimetric technique, respectively, the whole phenolic or flavonoid amounts were evaluated and were found 194.48±0.723 mg/g of dry extract as equivalent to gallic acid and 54.83±0.108 mg/g of dry extract as equivalent to quercetin respectively. In vitro, antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenlyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and Nitric oxide (NO) method. Ethanolic extract of A. carambola leaves showed good In vitro antioxidant action. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) of the ethanolic extract was carried out with gallic acid and quercetin as the reference biomarkers. HPTLC (High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography technique was applied to detect spots and quantification for gallic acid and quercetin. The Rf values of gallic acid and quercetin were found 0.25 and 0.53 respectively. The amounts of gallic acid and quercetin were found to be 502.7 µg and 458.3 µg/100 mg of the ethanolic extract of A. carambola leaves separately.
Green Procedure for the synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles using Nerium oleander Leaf Extract: Characterizations and Applications
Authors: Albert Helen Merina , Gonsago C. Alosious
Published: July 2023

In the present study, Copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) are produced using Nerium Oleander leaf extract via a green process. The prepared samples were examined by powder‒X-ray diffraction (P-XRD), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy; Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and antibacterial screenings. According to XRD measurements, the Cu-NPs have a monoclinic form. According to UV-Vis study, the minimal absorbance between 250 and 1000 nm is due to by the formation of high-quality samples. The functional groups of Cu-NPs were verified by FT-IR spectroscopy. According to the FE-SEM analysis, the Cu-NPs are clusters of smaller cylindrical objects with good uniformity. The antibacterial results show that the samples are fairly effective against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi bacterium. The findings indicate that Cu-NPs can be used in the medical sector for surgical tools.