bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data Fusion of AIRS and CrIMSS Near Surface Air Temperature
Authors: Kalmus P. , Nguyen H. , Roman J. , Wang T. , Yue Q. , Wen Y. , Hobbs J. , Braverman A.
Published: September 2022

We present a near surface air temperature (NSAT) fused data product over the contiguous United States using Level 2 data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder, on the Aqua satellite, and the Cross‐track Infrared Microwave Sounding Suite (CrIMSS), on the Suomi National Polar‐orbiting Partnership satellite. We create the fused product using Spatial Statistical Data Fusion, a procedure for fusing multiple data sets by modeling spatial dependence in the data, along with ground station data from NOAA's Integrated Surface Database (ISD) which is used to estimate bias and variance in the input satellite data sets. Our fused NSAT product is produced twice daily and on a 0.25° latitude‐longitude grid. We provide detailed validation using withheld ISD data and comparison with ERA5‐Land reanalysis. The fused gridded product has no missing data; has improved accuracy and precision relative to the input satellite data sets, and comparable accuracy and precision to ERA5‐Land; and includes improved uncertainty estimates. Over the domain of our study, the fused product decreases daytime bias magnitude by 1.7 and 0.5 K, nighttime bias magnitude by 1.5 and 0.2 K, and overall RMSE by 35% and 15% relative to the AIRS and CrIMSS input data sets, respectively. Our method is computationally fast and generalizable, capable of data fusion from multiple data sets estimating the same quantity. Finally, because our product reduces bias, it produces long‐term data sets across multi‐instrument remote sensing records with improved bias stationarity, even as individual missions and their data records begin and end.
A Reproducible and Reusable Pipeline for Segmentation of Geoscientific Imagery
Authors: Buscombe D. , Goldstein E. B.
Published: September 2022

Segmentation of Earth science imagery is an increasingly common task. Among modern techniques that use Deep Learning, the UNet architecture has been shown to be a reliable for segmenting a range of imagery. We developed software–Segmentation Gym–to implement a data‐model pipeline for segmentation of scientific imagery using a family of UNet models. With an existing set of imagery and labels, the software uses a single configuration file that handles data set creation, as well as model setup and model training. Key benefits of this software are (a) the focus on reproducible data set creation and modeling, and (b) the ability for quick model experimentation through changes to a configuration file. Quick experimentation permits researchers to prototype different model architectures, sizes, and adjust common hyperparameters to find a suitable model. We demonstrate the use of the software using a data set of 419 labeled Landsat‐8 scenes of coastal environments and compare results across two model architectures, five model sizes, and three loss functions. This demonstration highlights that our software enables rapid, reproducible experimentation to determine optimal hyperparameters for specific data sets and research questions.
Comparison of the mutational profiles of neuroendocrine breast tumours, invasive ductal carcinomas and pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas
Authors: Karihtala Peeter , Porvari Katja , Roininen Nelli , Voutilainen Sari , Mattson Johanna , Heikkilä Päivi , Haapasaari Kirsi-Maria , Selander Katri
Published: September 2022

The pathophysiology and the optimal treatment of breast neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are unknown. We compared the mutational profiles of breast NETs (n = 53) with those of 724 publicly available invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and 98 pancreatic NET (PNET) cases. The only significantly different pathogenetic or unknown variant rate between breast NETs and IDCs was detected in theTP53(11.3% in breast NETs and 41% in IDCs, adjustedpvalue 0.027) andADCK2(9.4% in breast NETs vs. 0.28% in IDCs, adjustedpvalue 0.045) genes. Between breast NETs and PNETs, different pathogenetic or unknown variant frequencies were detected in 30 genes. For example,MEN1was mutated in only 6% of breast NETs and 37% in PNETs (adjustedpvalue 0.00050), andGATA3pathogenetic or unknown variants were only found in 17.0% of breast NETs and 0% in PNETs (adjustedpvalue 0.0010). The most commonly affected oncogenic pathways in the breast NET cases werePI3K/Akt/mTOR,NOTCHandRTK-RASpathways. Breast NETs had typically clock-like mutational signatures and signatures associated with defective DNA mismatch repair in their mutational landscape. Our results suggest that the breast NET mutational profile more closely resembles that of IDCs than that of PNETs. These results also revealed several potentially druggable targets, such as MMRd, in breast NETs. In conclusion, breast NETs are indeed a separate breast cancer entity, but their optimal treatment remains to be elucidated.
Transdiagnostic inflammatory subgroups among psychiatric disorders and their relevance to role functioning: a nested case-control study of the ALSPAC cohort
Authors: Byrne Jonah F. , Healy Colm , Mongan David , Susai Subash Raj , Zammit Stan , Fӧcking Melanie , Cannon Mary , Cotter David R.
Published: September 2022

Individuals with psychotic disorders and depressive disorder exhibit altered concentrations of peripheral inflammatory markers. It has been suggested that clinical trials of anti-inflammatory therapies for psychiatric disorders should stratify patients by their inflammatory profile. Hence, we investigated whether different subgroups of individuals exist across psychiatric disorders, based on their inflammatory biomarker signatures. We measured the plasma concentrations of 17 inflammatory markers and receptors in 380 participants with psychotic disorder, depressive disorder or generalised anxiety disorder and 399 controls without psychiatric symptoms from the ALSPAC cohort at age 24. We employed a semi-supervised clustering algorithm, which discriminates multiple clusters of psychiatric disorder cases from controls. The best fit was for a two-cluster model of participants with psychiatric disorders (Adjusted Rand Index (ARI) = 0.52 ± 0.01) based on the inflammatory markers. Permutation analysis indicated the stability of the clustering solution performed better than chance (ARI = 0.43 ± 0.11; p < 0.001), and the clusters explained the inflammatory marker data better than a Gaussian distribution (p = 0.021). Cluster 2 exhibited marked increases in sTNFR1/2, suPAR, sCD93 and sIL-2RA, compared to cluster 1. Participants in the cluster exhibiting higher inflammation were less likely to be in employment, education or training, indicating poorer role functioning. This study found evidence for a novel pattern of inflammatory markers specific to psychiatric disorders and strongly associated with a transdiagnostic measure of illness severity. sTNFR1/2, suPAR, sCD93 and sIL-2RA could be used to stratify clinical trials of anti-inflammatory therapies for psychiatric disorders.
Surface translocation of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 upon TLR4/7/8 activation is required for SARS-CoV-2 infection in circulating monocytes
Authors: Yao Yi , Subedi Kalpana , Liu Tingting , Khalasawi Namir , Pretto-Kernahan Carla Diana , Wotring Jesse William , Wang Jie , Yin Congcong , Jiang Aimin , Fu Chunmei , Dimitrion Peter , Li Jia , Veenstra Jesse , Yi Qijun , McKinnon Kathy , McKinnon John Ernest , Sexton Jonathan Zachary , Zhou Li , Mi Qing-Sheng
Published: September 2022

Infection of human peripheral blood cells by SARS-CoV-2 has been debated because immune cells lack mRNA expression of both angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease type 2 (TMPRSS2). Herein we demonstrate that resting primary monocytes harbor abundant cytoplasmic ACE2 and TMPRSS2 protein and that circulating exosomes contain significant ACE2 protein. Upon ex vivo TLR4/7/8 stimulation, cytoplasmic ACE2 was quickly translocated to the monocyte cell surface independently of ACE2 transcription, while TMPRSS2 surface translocation occurred in conjunction with elevated mRNA expression. The rapid translocation of ACE2 to the monocyte cell surface was blocked by the endosomal trafficking inhibitor endosidin 2, suggesting that endosomal ACE2 could be derived from circulating ACE2-containing exosomes. TLR-stimulated monocytes concurrently expressing ACE2 and TMPRSS2 on the cell surface were efficiently infected by SARS-CoV-2, which was significantly mitigated by remdesivir, TMPRSS2 inhibitor camostat, and anti-ACE2 antibody. Mass cytometry showed that ACE2 surface translocation in peripheral myeloid cells from patients with severe COVID-19 correlated with its hyperactivation and PD-L1 expression. Collectively, TLR4/7/8-induced ACE2 translocation with TMPRSS2 expression makes circulating monocytes permissive to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Microenvironmental cue-regulated exosomes as therapeutic strategies for improving chronic wound healing
Authors: Dai Wei , Dong Yuchen , Han Ting , Wang Jing , Gao Bin , Guo Hui , Xu Feng , Li Jing , Ma Yufei
Published: September 2022

Exosomes, which are nanoscale vesicles secreted by almost all cell types via paracrine pathways, play a crucial role in intercellular communication. For nearly a decade, exosomes have been widely exploited to develop novel biologic therapeutic strategies for recalcitrant clinical problems such as chronic wounds. Due to the excellent biocompatibility and immune stability of exosomes, exosome-based therapy has shown greater potential for chronic wound healing than other biotherapies (e.g., transplantation of stem cells) and holds great promise for the clinical treatment of chronic wounds. Here, recent advances in regulating the features and biological functions of cell-derived exosomes by biochemical and biophysical cues in the cell microenvironment are systematically summarized. Subsequently, microenvironmental cue-regulated exosomes as therapeutic strategies to improve chronic wound healing by regulating the inflammatory response, promoting cell proliferation and migration, facilitating angiogenesis, and regulating extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling are discussed, and hydrogel-based exosome delivery systems used in the treatment of chronic wounds are highlighted. Finally, ongoing challenges and future opportunities in this rapidly developing field are proposed.
Topographic design in wearable MXene sensors with in-sensor machine learning for full-body avatar reconstruction
Authors: Yang Haitao , Li Jiali , Xiao Xiao , Wang Jiahao , Li Yufei , Li Kerui , Li Zhipeng , Yang Haochen , Wang Qian , Yang Jie , Ho John S. , Yeh Po-Len , Mouthaan Koen , Wang Xiaonan , Shah Sahil , Chen Po-Yen
Published: September 2022

Wearable strain sensors that detect joint/muscle strain changes become prevalent at human–machine interfaces for full-body motion monitoring. However, most wearable devices cannot offer customizable opportunities to match the sensor characteristics with specific deformation ranges of joints/muscles, resulting in suboptimal performance. Adequate wearable strain sensor design is highly required to achieve user-designated working windows without sacrificing high sensitivity, accompanied with real-time data processing. Herein, wearable Ti3C2Tx MXene sensor modules are fabricated with in-sensor machine learning (ML) models, either functioning via wireless streaming or edge computing, for full-body motion classifications and avatar reconstruction. Through topographic design on piezoresistive nanolayers, the wearable strain sensor modules exhibited ultrahigh sensitivities within the working windows that meet all joint deformation ranges. By integrating the wearable sensors with a ML chip, an edge sensor module is fabricated, enabling in-sensor reconstruction of high-precision avatar animations that mimic continuous full-body motions with an average avatar determination error of 3.5 cm, without additional computing devices.
Lagging strand gap suppression connects BRCA-mediated fork protection to nucleosome assembly through PCNA-dependent CAF-1 recycling
Authors: Thakar Tanay , Dhoonmoon Ashna , Straka Joshua , Schleicher Emily M. , Nicolae Claudia M. , Moldovan George-Lucian
Published: September 2022

The inability to protect stalled replication forks from nucleolytic degradation drives genome instability and underlies chemosensitivity in BRCA-deficient tumors. An emerging hallmark of BRCA-deficiency is the inability to suppress replication-associated single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) gaps. Here, we report that lagging strand ssDNA gaps interfere with the ASF1-CAF-1 nucleosome assembly pathway, and drive fork degradation in BRCA-deficient cells. We show that CAF-1 function at replication forks is lost in BRCA-deficient cells, due to defects in its recycling during replication stress. This CAF-1 recycling defect is caused by lagging strand gaps which preclude PCNA unloading, causing sequestration of PCNA-CAF-1 complexes on chromatin. Importantly, correcting PCNA unloading defects in BRCA-deficient cells restores CAF-1-dependent fork stability. We further show that the activation of a HIRA-dependent compensatory histone deposition pathway restores fork stability to BRCA-deficient cells. We thus define lagging strand gap suppression and nucleosome assembly as critical enablers of BRCA-mediated fork stability.
Corneal confocal microscopy differentiates patients with Parkinson’s disease with and without autonomic involvement
Authors: Che Ning-Ning , Chen Shuai , Jiang Qiu-Huan , Chen Si-Yuan , Zhao Zhen-Xiang , Li Xue , Malik Rayaz A. , Ma Jian-Jun , Yang Hong-Qi
Published: September 2022

Autonomic dysregulation in Parkinson’s disease (PD) can precede motor deficits and is associated with reduced quality of life, disease progression, and increased mortality. Objective markers of autonomic involvement in PD are limited. Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) is a rapid ophthalmic technique that can quantify small nerve damage in a range of peripheral and autonomic neuropathies. Here we investigated whether CCM can be used to assess autonomic symptoms in PD. Based on the scale for outcomes in Parkinson’s disease for autonomic symptoms (SCOPA-AUT), patients with PD were classified into those without autonomic symptoms (AutD-N), with single (AutD-S), and multiple (AutD-M) domain autonomic dysfunction. Corneal nerve fiber pathology was quantified using CCM, and the relationship with autonomic symptoms was explored. The study enrolled 71 PD patients and 30 control subjects. Corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD), corneal nerve branch density (CNBD), corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL), and CNBD/CNFD ratio were lower in PD patients with autonomic symptoms compared to those without autonomic symptoms. Autonomic symptoms correlated positively with CNFD (r = −0.350, p = 0.004), and were not related to Levodopa equivalent daily dose (r = 0.042, p = 0.733) after adjusting for age, disease severity, disease duration or cognitive function. CCM parameters had high sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing patients with PD with and without autonomic symptoms. PD patients with autonomic symptoms have corneal nerve loss, and CCM could serve as an objective ophthalmic imaging technique to identify patients with PD and autonomic symptoms.
Topological nonlinear optics with spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensate in cavity
Authors: Yasir Kashif Ammar , Zhuang Lin , Liu Wu-Ming
Published: September 2022

We investigate topological nonlinear optics with spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensate in a cavity. The cavity is driven by a pump laser and a weak probe laser. Both lasers excite Bose-Einstein condensate, in the presence of standard Raman process for spin-orbit coupling, to an intermediate storage level. We theoretically show that the quantum interference at the transitional pathways of dressed atomic states results in different types of optical transparencies, which get completely inverted in atomic damping induced gain regime. The synthetic pseudo-spin states also implant different phases in the probe field forcing modes in probe transparencies to form gapless Dirac cones, which become gapped in presence of Raman detuning. These features get interestingly enhanced in gain regime where the amplified part of probe transparencies appear as gapless topological edge-like states between the probe bulk modes and cause non-trivial phase transition. We illustrate that the nonlinear interactions of the pseudo-spin states also enhance the slow light features in probe transmission. The manipulation of dressed states for topological optical transparencies in our findings could be a crucial step towards topological photonics and their application in quantum computation.
MilkyBase, a database of human milk composition as a function of maternal-, infant- and measurement conditions
Authors: Pacza Tünde , Martins Mayara L. , Rockaya Maha , Müller Katalin , Chatterjee Ayan , Barabási Albert-László , Baranyi József
Published: September 2022

This study describes the development of a database, called MilkyBase, of the biochemical composition of human milk. The data were selected, digitized and curated partly by machine-learning, partly manually from publications. The database can be used to find patterns in the milk composition as a function of maternal-, infant- and measurement conditions and as a platform for users to put their own data in the format shown here. The database is an Excel workbook of linked sheets, making it easy to input data by non-computationally minded nutritionists. The hierarchical organisation of the fields makes sure that statistical inference methods can be programmed to analyse the data. Uncertainty quantification and recording dynamic (time-dependent) compositions offer predictive potentials.
Chromosomal-scale genome assembly of the near-extinction big-head schizothorcin (Aspiorhynchus laticeps)
Authors: Niu Jiangong , Zhang Renming , Hu Jiangwei , Zhang Tao , Liu Hong , Minavar Muyit , Zhang Hui , Xian Weiwei
Published: September 2022

The big-head schizothorcin (Aspiorhynchus laticeps) is an endemic and near-extinction freshwater fish in Xinjiang, China. In this study, a chromosome-scale genome assembly ofA. laticepswas generated using PacBio and Hi-C techniques. The PacBio sequencing data resulted in a 1.58 Gb assembly with a contig N50 of 1.27 Mb. Using Hi-C scaffolding approach, 88.38% of the initial assembled sequences were anchored and oriented into a chromosomal-scale assembly. The final assembly consisted of 25 pseudo-chromosomes that yielded 1.37 Gb of sequence, with a scaffold N50 of 44.02 Mb. BUSCO analysis showed a completeness score of 93.7%. The genome contained 48,537 predicted protein-coding genes and 58.31% of the assembly was annotated as repetitive sequences. Whole genome duplication events were further confirmed using 4dTv analysis. The genome assembly ofA. laticepsshould be valuable and important to understand the genetic adaptation and endangerment process of this species, which could lead to more effective management and conservation of the big-head schizothorcin and related freshwater fish species.
Kinetic and thermodynamic study in piezo degradation of methylene blue by SbSI/Sb2S3 nanocomposites stimulated by zirconium oxide balls
Authors: Babakr Karukh A. , Amiri Omid , Guo L. Jay , Rashi Mohammad Ali , Mahmood Peshawa H.
Published: September 2022

Mechanical energy harvesting by piezoelectric materials to drive catalysis reactions received extensive attention for environmental remediation. In this work, SbSI/Sb2S3 nanocomposites were synthesized as a catalyst. ZrO2 balls were used as an alternative mechanical force to ultrasonic for stimulating the piezocatalyst for the first time. The kinetics and thermodynamics of the piezo degradation of methylene blue (MB) were studied deeply. Besides the effect of the type of mechanical force, the number of ZrO2 balls, and temperature of the reaction on the degradation efficiency were studied. Here mechanical energy came from the collision of the ZrO2 balls with the catalyst particles. Using ZrO2 balls instead of ultrasonic vibration led to enhance degradation efficiency by 47% at 30 ± 5 °C. A kinetic study revealed that piezo degradation of methylene blue (MB) by SbSI/Sb2S3 catalyst followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. Based on thermodynamic results piezo degradation of MB was an exothermic reaction.
The impact of expanded telehealth availability on primary care utilization
Authors: Dixit Ram A. , Ratwani Raj M. , Bishop Jasmine A. , Schulman Kevin , Sharp Christopher , Palakanis Kerry , Booker Ethan
Published: September 2022

The expanded availability of telehealth due to the COVID-19 pandemic presents a concern that telehealth may result in an unnecessary increase in utilization. We analyzed 4,114,651 primary care encounters (939,134 unique patients) from three healthcare systems between 2019 and 2021 and found little change in utilization as telehealth became widely available. Results suggest telehealth availability is not resulting in additional primary care visits and federal policies should support telehealth use.
Basic Soft Matter for Plants
Authors: Forterre Yoël
Published: September 2022

This chapter provides an overview of fluid and solid mechanical concepts applied to plants. The objective is to present the main physical mechanisms and laws needed to describe some important physiological processes in plants, such as water and solute transport, growth, rapid movements and the feedback between mechanical signals and biology. Emphasis is given on presenting the various laws in their simplest mathematical form (avoiding tensorial formulation as much as possible), discussing the scaling laws and orders of magnitude relevant to plants. Many of the physical and biological concepts introduced in the chapter will be studied in more detail in subsequent chapters.
Root–Soil Interaction
Authors: Kolb E. , Quiros M. , Meijer G. J. , Bogeat-Triboulot M. B. , Carminati A. , Andò E. , Sibille L. , Anselmucci F.
Published: September 2022

Plant roots interact with and alter the properties of the surrounding soil in many ways. Understanding their mechanics and growth as well as their complex interplay with the soil properties at different spatial scales, from the sub-micron to the meter scales (cell wall, cell, tissue, root and root systems) requires multidisciplinary approaches and certainly offers a stimulating challenge for soft matter scientists. In this chapter we review the roles of the root and root systems in changing the physical, mechanical and hydric properties of the surrounding soil. We begin by describing the growth and mechanics of a primary root, whose complexity arises from its multicellularity and from the intriguing rheology of the cell wall surrounding the cell under turgor pressure. We continue by illustrating how the growth of a root is affected by the mechanical strength of the soil. Then we describe how an impeded root in a soil modifies the soil microstructure, either by a direct mechanical effect or by the secretion of a gel called mucilage. Finally, we extend to the root systems and their role in increasing the soil strength. Clearly it is crucial to understand the complex interplay between soil and root systems, as vegetation might be used as an ecologically friendly and sustainable alternative to more traditional hard engineering solutions for soil reinforcement.
Fluorescent metabolic labeling-based quick antibiotic susceptibility test for anaerobic bacteria
Authors: Gao Juan , Qin Juanxiu , Ding Chenling , Gao Yuan , Guo Junnan , Li Min , Yang Chaoyong , Wang Wei
Published: September 2022

Via a fluorescent d-amino acid (FDAA) labeling-based antibiotic susceptibility test method, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of anaerobic bacteria were accurately determined in ∼5 h.
Optimized plasmonic performances and derivate applications of Au nanobipyramids
Authors: Ni Yuan , Kan Caixia , Xu Juan
Published: September 2022

Gold nanobipyramids (AuBPs) with narrow size distribution and high monodispersity possess more advantageous plasmonic properties and have been a promising template to fabricate anisotropic multi-metallic nanostructures.
Simulating electric field and current density in nanostructured electrocatalysts
Authors: Li Feng , Zhou Ce , Klinkova Anna
Published: September 2022

This tutorial review presents the theory, models, and protocols for the simulation of electrochemical properties of nanoelectrocatalysts with complex morphologies using the finite element method.
Correction: Single-conformation spectroscopy of cold, protonated DPG-containing peptides: switching β-turn types and formation of a sequential type II/II′ double β-turn
Authors: Lawler John T. , Harrilal Christopher P. , DeBlase Andrew F. , Sibert Edwin L. , McLuckey Scott A. , Zwier Timothy S.
Published: September 2022

Correction for ‘Single-conformation spectroscopy of cold, protonated DPG-containing peptides: switching β-turn types and formation of a sequential type II/II′ double β-turn’ by John T. Lawler et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2022, 24, 2095–2109, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1CP04852J.
Triarylborane-triphenylamine based luminophore for the mitochondria targeted live cell imaging and colorimetric detection of aqueous fluoride
Authors: P Chinna Ayya Swamy , Raveendran Archana V , Sivakrishna Narra , Nandi Rajendra Prasad
Published: September 2022

We present the synthesis of two novel triarylborane-triphenylamine based compounds 1 and 2 with compound 2 showing selective mitochondrial targeting bio-imaging and colorimetric detection of aqueous fluoride ions with detection limit of 0.1 ppm.
Preparation of new microporous europium silicate molecular sieve by selective leaching of alkali metal cations from europium silicate Eu-AV-9
Authors: Noda Hiroki , Koike Masakazu , Sakai Rika , Wada Hiroaki , Shimojima Atsushi , Kuroda Kazuyuki
Published: September 2022

Europium silicate Eu-AV-9 containing Na, K, and Eu ions was treated with acetic acid to synthesize microporous silicate with high Eu loading by the selective leaching of K and Na ions. The crystalline microporous products adsorbed CO2.
Application of nano-agricultural technology for biotic stress management: mechanisms, optimization, and future perspectives
Authors: Cao Xuesong , Wang Zhenyu
Published: September 2022

Nano-agricultural technology is a promising alternative for sustainable control crop biotic stress that has more economic and environmental benefits as compared with conventional analogues.
Cactaceae plants as sources of active bioavailable phytochemicals
Authors: Aispuro-Hernández Emmanuel , Vergara-Jiménez Marcela J. , Cárdenas-Torres Feliznando I. , Martínez-Téllez Miguel A. , Ontiveros Noé
Published: September 2022

Cactaceous plants are sources of bioaccessible and bioavailable phytochemicals with potent bioactivities and compelling potential for the development of functional and nutraceutical foods, but their use as therapeutic agents deserves further study.
2-Picolinic acid as a naturally occurring hydrogen bond donor for the preparation of cyclic carbonates from terminal/internal epoxides and CO2
Authors: Rostami Ali , Ebrahimi Amirhossein , Al-Jassasi Mohammed , Mirzaei Saber , Al-Harrasi Ahmed
Published: September 2022

Naturally sourced 2-picolinic acid was discovered as an off-the-shelf, non-toxic, and inexpensive HBD catalyst for the cycloaddition of CO2 to both internal and terminal epoxides to prepare cyclic carbonates at low catalyst loadings.
Interdigitated cathode–electrolyte architectural design for fast-charging lithium metal battery with lithium oxyhalide solid-state electrolyte
Authors: Numan-Al-Mobin Abu Md , Schmidt Ben , Lannerd Armand , Viste Mark , Qiao Quinn , Smirnova Alevtina
Published: September 2022

Gradient distribution of cathode particles in glassy electrolyte and transport of lithium ions during discharge.
Insights into the self-aggregating properties of a solvatochromic probe and interaction with β-lactoglobulin
Authors: De Sagnik , Das Gopal
Published: September 2022

A solvatochromic benzothiazole compound is designed, which exhibits water-induced aggregation and selective detection of β-lactoglobulin at physiological pH.
The promoting effect of support pretreatment with sulfate acid on the Ca resistance of a CeO2/ZrO2 catalyst for NH3-SCR of NOx with NH3
Authors: Li Chenglong , Han Zhitao , Wang Xinxin , Gao Yu , Wang Zhen , Pan Xinxiang
Published: September 2022

CaSO4 was formed through the reaction between S and Ca to relieve the effect of Ca-poisoning on the catalyst.
A carboxylate- and pyridine-based organic anode material for K-ion batteries
Authors: Holguin Kathryn , Qin Kaiqiang , Huang Jinghao , Luo Chao
Published: September 2022

In this work, a new carboxylate- and pyridine-based organic anode material was exploited in K-ion batteries. The results demonstrate the critical role of multiple active centers (CO and CN) in one molecule to enhance the electrochemical performance.
A review on ZnS-based photocatalysts for CO2 reduction in all-inorganic aqueous medium
Authors: Meng Yuxuan , Liu Guoping , Zuo Guifu , Meng Xianguang , Wang Tao , Ye Jinhua
Published: September 2022

This article reviews the strategies of maximizing CO2 photoreduction rates in distinguished ZnS-based photocatalytic systems by continuously optimizing the reaction medium and photocatalysts.
Transamidation of aromatic amines with formamides using cyclic dihydrogen tetrametaphosphate
Authors: Chouhan Kishor Kumar , Chowdhury Deep , Mukherjee Arup
Published: September 2022

A simple and efficient protocol for transamidation with a cyclic dihydrogen tetrametaphosphate is reported. The present reaction exhibits a broad substrate scope. To understand the mechanism, detailed spectroscopic and kinetic studies were undertaken.
Cu-Catalyzed and iodine mediated synthesis of thioaurones via in situ C–S bond generation using xanthate as a sulfur surrogate
Authors: Soundarya Palanisamy , Sekar Govindasamy
Published: September 2022

An efficient method for synthesizing thioaurones has been developed using xanthate as sulfur surrogate. This reaction's key success lies in the use of iodine as a reagent, which promotes the α-iodination followed by cyclization of saturated ketones.
Facile synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots as nanocarbon emitters for sensitive detection of catechol
Authors: Liang Xiayi , Zhang Wenhao , Zhang Mengqi , Qiu Guanhua , Zhang Yuhong , Luo Tao , Kong Cunqing
Published: September 2022

Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots are easily synthesized and can be used as nanocarbon emitters for sensitive electrochemiluminescence detection of catechol.
High-efficiency reduction of p-nitrophenol on green-synthesized gold nanoparticles decorated on ceria nanorods
Authors: Gia-Thien Ho Thanh , Do Ba Long , Pham Bao Van , Nguyen Thi Thuy Van , Phan Hong Phuong , Nguyen Hoang Bao , Vo Pham Phuong Trang , Tri Nguyen
Published: September 2022

A green synthesis using extract from Citrus maxima peel was developed to fabricate Au–Ce catalysts for the reduction of p-nitrophenol (PNP).
Heterointerface engineering of tetragonal CsPbCl3 based ultraviolet photodetectors with pentacene for enhancing the photoelectric performance
Authors: Zhang Xuning , Liu Xingyue , Sun Bo , Liu Zhirong , Zhang Zhiguo , Kong Lingxian , Li Guangliang , Wang Mingkui , Liu Zhiyong , Liao Guanglan
Published: September 2022

The performance of CsPbCl3-based photodetector gets enhanced to a great extent after interface engineering with pentacene film. And, the mechanism was further demonstrated by experiments and DFT calculations detailedly.
Privacy‐preserving gradient boosting tree: Vertical federated learning for collaborative bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Xia Liqiao , Zheng Pai , Li Jinjie , Tang Wangchujun , Zhang Xiangying
Published: September 2022

Data‐driven fault diagnosis approaches have been widely adopted due to their persuasive performance. However, data are always insufficient to develop effective fault diagnosis models in real manufacturing scenarios. Despite numerous approaches that have been offered to mitigate the negative effects of insufficient data, the most challenging issue lies in how to break down the data silos to enlarge data volume while preserving data privacy. To address this issue, a vertical federated learning (FL) model, privacy‐preserving boosting tree, has been developed for collaborative fault diagnosis of industrial practitioners while maintaining anonymity. Only the model information will be shared under the homomorphic encryption protocol, safeguarding data privacy while retaining high accuracy. Besides, an Autoencoder model is provided to encourage practitioners to contribute and then improve model performance. Two bearing fault case studies are conducted to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach by comparing it with typical scenarios. This present study's findings offer industrial practitioners insights into investigating the vertical FL in fault diagnosis.
Drastically reduced sensor hardware for solvable chaos‐based sonar
Authors: Syed Tamseel Mahmood , Pappu Chandra Shekar , Beal Aubrey N.
Published: September 2022

An acoustic ranging demonstration is presented in a reflective environment using solvable chaos with novel and practical hardware advances. Previously, solvable chaos was optimally detected using ideal alignment, random codes and an 11 element microphone array for environments free of multipath reflections. In this work, ranging experiments were performed with drastically reduced sensor hardware and measurements were extended to include non‐ideal effects such as multipath and angle misalignment from reduced line of sight (LOS). Importantly, this new scheme not only reduces the size and power of these systems by over 83%, a novel triggering technique allows for triggering on targeted bit sequences and produces sidelobe levels that are independent of oscillator dynamics. Ranging results from a closed, reflective cavity obtained using a 10 kHz solvable chaotic oscillator are reported. Measured sidelobe levels were typically between −1.80 dB and −15.85 dB. The resulting demonstration shows successful ranging despite drastically reduced hardware and environmental imperfections.
OMC-2 FIR 4 under the microscope: Shocks, filaments, and a highly collimated jet at 100 au scales
Authors: Chahine L. , López-Sepulcre A. , Podio L. , Codella C. , Neri R. , Mercimek S. , De Simone M. , Caselli P. , Ceccarelli C. , Bouvier M. , Sakai N. , Fontani F. , Yamamoto S. , Alves F. O. , Lattanzi V. , Evans L. , Favre C.
Published: September 2022

Context. Star-forming molecular clouds are characterised by the ubiquity of intertwined filaments. The filaments have been observed in both high- and low-mass star-forming regions, and they are thought to split into collections of sonic fibres. The locations where filaments converge are termed hubs, and these are associated with the young stellar clusters. However, the observations of filamentary structures within hubs at distances of 75–300 pc require a high angular resolution <2″ (~ 150–600 au) that limits the number of such studies conducted so far.

Aims. The integral shaped filament (ISF) of the Orion A molecular cloud is noted for harbouring several hubs within which no filamentary structures have been observed so far. The goal of our study is to investigate the nature of the filamentary structures within one of these hubs, which is the chemically rich hub OMC-2 FIR 4, and to analyse their emission with high density and shock tracers.

Methods. We observed the OMC-2 FIR 4 proto-cluster using Band 6 of the Atacama Large (sub-)Millimetre Array (ALMA) in Cycle 4 with an angular resolution of ~0.26″ (100 au). We analysed the spatial distribution of dust, the shock tracer SiO, and dense gas tracers (i.e., CH3OH, CS, and H13CN). We also studied the gas kinematics using SiO and CH3OH maps.

Results. Our observations for the first time reveal interwoven filamentary structures within OMC-2 FIR 4 that are probed by several tracers. Each filamentary structure is characterised by a distinct velocity as seen from the emission peak of CH3OH lines. They also show transonic and supersonic motions. SiO is associated with filaments and also with multiple bow-shock features. The bow-shock features have sizes between ~500 and 2700 au and are likely produced by the outflow from HOPS-370. Their dynamical ages are <800 yr. In addition, for the first time, we reveal a highly collimated SiO jet (~1°) with a projected length of ~5200 au from the embedded protostar VLA 15.

Conclusions. Our study unveiled the previously unresolved filamentary structures as well as the shocks within OMC-2 FIR 4. The kinematics of the filamentary structures might be altered by external and/or internal mechanisms such as the wind from H II regions, the precessing jet from the protostellar source HOPS-370, or the jet from VLA 15. While the complexity of the region, coupled with the limited number of molecular lines in our dataset, makes any clear association with these mechanisms challenging, our study shows that multi-scale observations of these regions are crucial for understanding the accretion processes and flow of material that shape star formation.
COVID-19 health certification reduces outgroup bias: evidence from a conjoint experiment in Japan
Authors: Kubo Yoshiaki , Okada Isamu
Published: September 2022

The psychological theory argues that serious threats cause negative attitudes from ingroups to outgroups. However, the factors that can reduce such outgroup bias caused by the health threats of a pandemic are unknown. Here, we provide evidence that health certifications to prove immunity or negative test result for COVID-19 reduce outgroup bias. Using a discrete choice experiment with a randomized conjoint design in Japan, we investigated public attitudes towards inbound travelers entering the country, including foreigners, immigrants, and tourists. We found that travelers carrying a vaccination certificate or a negative test result for COVID-19 have a higher probability or rating of being admitted to the country. These effects are the same size as those for travelers undergoing self-isolation. Thus, our results demonstrate that health certification can mitigate outgroup bias among ingroup members experiencing threats to health due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We anticipate that the findings would support the combined usage of vaccine passports and negative certificates to reopen the international borders.
Loneliness, student engagement, and academic achievement during emergency remote teaching during COVID-19: the role of the God locus of control
Authors: Mizani Hilmi , Cahyadi Ani , Hendryadi Hendryadi , Salamah Salamah , Retno Sari Santi
Published: September 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has raised many problems in the education sector, one of which is the increasing trend toward student loneliness owing to a lack of interpersonal connections in online learning activities. The present study explicitly aims to examine the relationship between loneliness and academic achievement for university students in Indonesia. Moreover, we propose moderating God’s locus of control (i.e., God’s control over behavior-related learning) (GLC) and learning student engagement, playing mediating roles in these relationships. The data were collected from 324 respondents among university students in Indonesia during emergency remote teaching. The moderated-mediated regression analysis using Hayes’ PROCESS macro found loneliness negatively related to engagement and academic achievement. Student engagement had a positive relationship with academic achievement and served as a mediator between loneliness and academic achievement. Furthermore, GLC was found to moderate the relationship between loneliness and learning engagement as well as loneliness and academic achievement. This study’s findings uncover GLC’s role as a boundary condition, and confirms that learning-engagement intermediates the relationship between loneliness and academic achievement. Students with high perceived God control tend to anticipate the impact of loneliness on learning behavior amid isolation and loneliness because of the pandemic.
All-dielectric magneto-photonic metasurfaces
Authors: Ignatyeva Daria O. , Krichevsky Denis M. , Belotelov Vladimir I. , Royer François , Dash Sushree , Levy Miguel
Published: September 2022

All-dielectric metasurfaces have been attracting much attention. Low optical losses and a huge variety of optical modes provide unique possibilities for light manipulation at the nanoscale. Recent studies showed that the magneto-optical effects in such metasurfaces are enormously enhanced. Moreover, it is possible to observe novel magneto-optical effects that are absent in smooth films. Excitation of particular photonic resonances makes it possible to design the magneto-optical interaction by the metasurface design. This opens up broad opportunities for magneto-photonic metasurface applications, including optomagnetism, light modulation, sensing, magnetometry, etc.
Radiation sensor based on thin-film CdTe/CdS device structure and its radiation resistance under high-intensity hydrogen plasma
Authors: Meriuts A. V. , Kharchenko M. M. , Khrypunov G. S. , Pudov A. O. , Makhlai V. A. , Herashchenko S. S. , Sokolov S. A. , Rybka A. V. , Kutny V. E. , Kolodiy I. V. , Dobrozhan A. I. , Kosinov A. V. , Khrypunov M. G.
Published: September 2022

In this work, the ability of CdTe/CdS thin-film device structures prepared by the hot-wall method to detect ionizing radiation was investigated. The samples were fabricated with a structure typical of CdTe/CdS-based solar cells and exhibit radiation sensitivity even without the application of an external voltage. This allows such structures to be used as low-voltage radiation sensors. An investigation of the radiation resistance of the structures, namely, the effect of irradiation with high-intensity hydrogen plasma H2+ on the crystal structure and performance, was carried out. It was shown that the device structures remained operational after two plasma pulses at an ion density of 2 × 1023 m−2 and an energy density of up to 0.2 MJ/m2. With further exposure to plasma, the device structures deteriorated, first, due to gradual sputtering off of the back contact, and, second, as a result of diffusion processes that occurred when the structures were heated to high temperatures, due to which the entire volume of the CdTe base layer got converted into a CdSxTe1−x solid solution.
An Au25-R single-molecule tidal diode induced by the asymmetrical coupling
Authors: Zuo Zewen , Yan Weicheng , Zhang Kangkang , Xi Caigan , Mu Yuewen , Hu Zhao-Bo , Zhang Minhao , Hu Kuo-Juei , Song You , Song Fengqi
Published: September 2022

As a basic electronic component, the diode has drawn much attention in single-molecule electronics. However, the single-molecule diode is limited to the conventional diode mode, switching to “on” with a forward voltage and to “off” whenever an opposite voltage is applied. We report on a paradigm for designing a single-molecule tidal diode, which enables gate-controlled reversible rectifying behavior. In the Au25-R single-molecule transistors constructed by us, we observed clear rectification and achieved an electrically controllable reversible diode effect. The backward rectification ratio reached the maximum value of 30 at a negative bias voltage of −30 mV, while the forward rectification ratio was slightly smaller. We used an asymmetrical coupling model and a Landauer resonant tunneling model to explain the reversible diode effect and its dependence on temperature. The integration of bidirectional tunable diodes in a single-molecule device creates an avenue of research and allows the discovery of a set of traffic rules for the electronic world in the future.
Frequency of feeding during the periconceptional period did not alter reproduction in Merino sheep
Authors: Robertson Susan M. , Morona Alexandra , Gunn Allan , Piltz John , Scott Christopher J. , Friend Michael A.
Published: September 2022

Context During drought, it is currently recommended to feed complete rations to sheep every second or third day, rather than daily, to reduce labour costs and the incidence of shy feeders. However, the frequency of feeding to ewes in the periconceptual period may influence fertility and fecundity and therefore profitability. Aims The study was designed to determine whether the feeding frequency of maintenance energy levels during joining affects reproductive performance and wool production of Merino ewes. Methods A group-fed pen study was conducted using two treatments and four replicates. Naturally oestrous-cycling Merino ewes (n = 800) were fed barley grain (90%) and wheat straw (10%) from 17 days before ram introduction until Day 30 of a 48-day joining period, either once-daily or on alternate days at maintenance energy levels. Lambing performance was recorded for 505 ewes pregnant by Day 19 of joining. Wool quality was assessed on Day 117 after commencement of joining. Key results Clinical acidosis occurred in both treatments, although the rate of mortality was low (4/800). The proportion of shy feeders was not affected (P = 0.486) by feeding frequency (n = 77, removed from pens). For the remaining ewes, weight loss was reduced by 1 kg (P = 0.003) when fed daily. Plasma progesterone concentrations post-mating were reduced (P < 0.001) by 18% with alternate-day feeding. Proportions of ewes mated, returning to service, pregnant or bearing multiple fetuses, lamb survival, lamb weights at marking and ram semen morphology were similar (P > 0.05) between feeding groups. Wool fibre diameter, staple strength and yield were similar between treatments. Ewes removed as shy feeders and joined on pasture recorded a 33% lower pregnancy rate but 17% higher rate of multiple fetuses than pen-joined ewes. Conclusions Ewes can be fed complete high-grain maintenance rations at 2-day intervals during joining without a reduction in reproductive traits or wool quality compared with daily feeding. Implications Producers may save labour with longer feeding intervals; however, greater monitoring and management intervention may be needed to maintain ewe liveweight when fed long term. Impacts in flocks without acidosis, on ram fertility when feeding is prolonged pre-joining, and with different diets require study.
Cross-jurisdictional larval supply essential for eastern Australian spanner crabs (
Authors: Schilling Hayden T. , Hewitt Daniel E. , Malan Neil , Taylor Matthew D. , Johnson Daniel D.
Published: September 2022

Context The spanner crab (Ranina ranina) stock of eastern Australia is distributed across two state jurisdictions and, as a non-migratory species with a pelagic larval phase, connectivity within this stock is likely to occur by larval dispersal, driven by ocean currents. Aims To understand connectivity and patterns of larval supply in the eastern Australian spanner crab stock. Methods Lagrangian particle tracking methods were used to simulate larval transport around the key spanner crab fishing regions in eastern Australia. Key results Spawning off central Queensland (Qld) supplies a large proportion of recruits, supporting both the Qld and New South Wales (NSW) fisheries. Lagged larval settlement showed significant correlations to catch-per-unit-effort and the proportion of total harvest taken within the NSW fishery, providing evidence to suggest that the NSW fishery may be reliant on spawning activity in Queensland. Conclusions The Qld and NSW fisheries are highly connected and the broad-scale patterns identified by the current modelling approach could provide an indicator of potentially good or bad recruitment years, particularly as finer resolution, and refined reproductive biology knowledge on spanner crabs becomes available. Implications The Qld and NSW fisheries are highly connected with a source–sink structure and it is recommended that a co-management strategy be adopted.