bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
СУВЕРЕНИЗАЦИЯ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА: ПРАВОВЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ТЕКУЩЕГО МОМЕНТА
Authors: А.В. Кузьмин
Published: November 2024

В статье рассмотрены вопросы суверенизации технологий искусственного интеллекта. Сделан вывод о том, что суверенизация искусственного интеллекта представляет собой, во-первых, процесс достижения государством полного контроля над разработкой, использованием и распространением технологий искусственного интеллекта, включающий в себя создание регуляторных органов, разработку законодательства и установление стандартов безопасности, а также контроль за исключением использования иностранных технологий искусственного интеллекта в ключевых сферах общественной жизни. Во-вторых, суверенизация искусственного интеллекта – это движение к состоянию исключения иностранных технологий искусственного интеллекта из критически важных сфер общественно-политической и экономической жизни общества. Автор приходит к выводу о необходимости установления жесткой ответственности за создание и использование автономных систем искусственного интеллекта, особенно функциональных самовоспроизводящихся оболочек.

The article discusses soverenization related issues covering artificial intelligence technology. It is concluded that soverenization of artificial Intelligence is first of all a process wherein the state achieves full control over the development, implementation and further spread of artificial intelligence technology. The procedure includes formation of regulatory bodies, development of legislation and establishment of security standards. The approach provides for exercising control over non-use of foreign artificial intelligence technologies in the key areas of public life. Secondly, soverenization of artificial intelligence is considered to be a move towards the state of excluding foreign artificial technologies from critical domains of social political and economic life of the society. The authors come to the conclusion that it is necessary to impose strict liability for creation and implementation of artificial intelligence especially relating to functional self-replicating shells.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ СТАДИИ ВОЗБУЖДЕНИЯ УГОЛОВНОГО ДЕЛА
Authors: Р.А. Рамазанов
Published: November 2024

В статье рассмотрены вопросы о совершенствовании стадии возбуждения уголовного дела, проанализированы различные мнения относительно ее развития. Выделены основные проблемы стадии возбуждения уголовного дела. В заключение автором предложены пути их решения, направленные на улучшение положения участников уголовного судопроизводства.

The article discusses issues of improving the stage of initiating a criminal case, analyzes various opinions on the development of this stage, highlights the main problems of the stage of initiating a criminal case, and suggests ways to solve them aimed at improving the situation of participants in criminal proceedings.
КОРРУПЦИОННЫЕ ПРЕСТУПЛЕНИЯ: КРИТЕРИИ, СУЩНОСТЬ И ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ МЕХАНИЗМА СОВЕРШЕНИЯ
Authors: Е.В. Стебенева
Published: November 2024

В статье рассмотрено вызывающее научную дискуссию содержание понятия коррупционного преступления через анализ критериев отнесения деяния к таковому, и признаков, определяющих его сущность. Выявлены и охарактеризованы некоторые особенности трансформации коррупционного преступления через формы и способы механизма его совершения, что формирует сущность коррупционного преступного деяния.

The article examines scientifically stimulated content of the concept of a corruption crime using the analysis of criteria for attributing an act as such, and features that determine the essence of a corruption offense. The author identifies and describes some of specific features of the transformation of a corruption crime through the forms, methods and mechanism of commission thereof, which forms the essence of a corruption criminal act.
Направления эффективного регионального использования беспилотных летательных аппаратов в нефтегазовой отрасли России
Authors: Д.М. Борисов , Н.Л. Гончарова
Published: November 2024

Работа посвящена изучению современных тенденций в использовании беспилотных летательных аппаратов (БПЛА) российскими нефтегазовыми компаниями. Выявлены объективные причины, по которым наиболее распространенной сферой применения беспилотных технологий является мониторинг трубопроводных путей. Анализ текущего опыта реализации проектов по интеграции беспилотных технологий в бизнес процессы нефтегазовых компаний показал, что спектр возможного применения подобных инноваций охватывает всю производственную цепочку и включает такие направления, как: мониторинг состояния объектов наземной инфраструктуры, инспектирование объектов капитального строительства, проведение геологоразведочных работ и инженерно-геодезических изысканий, контроль выбросов метана, инспекция факельных установок, доставка грузов и топлива. Внедрение беспилотных технологий ведущими нефтегазовыми компаниями России реализуется двумя принципиально отличающимися подходами: через создание собственных подразделений, отвечающих за создание и развитие собственного флота БПЛА и всех сопутствующих служб обеспечения, либо через привлечение специализированных подрядных организаций.

The paper focuses on the study of current trends in the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) by Russian oil and gas companies. It reveals the objective reasons why the most common application of unmanned technologies deals with the monitoring of pipeline routes. The analysis of the current experience in implementing projects to integrate unmanned technologies into the business processes of oil and gas companies has shown that the range of possible applications of such innovations covers the entire production chain and includes such areas as monitoring the state of ground facilities, inspection of capital construction projects, conducting geological exploration and engineering survey, methane emissions control, inspection of flares, cargo and fuel delivery. The introduction of unmanned technologies by leading oil and gas companies is realized through such fundamentally different approaches as creation of their own units responsible for building and development of UAV fleet and all related support services or by means of involving specialized contactors.
ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ СИСТЕМЫ ОЦЕНКИ КАДРОВОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА В ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯХ
Authors: Д.Ю. Воронова , Е.К. Спекова
Published: November 2024

В статье выявлена роль кадрового потенциала педагога как важного фактора развития системы образования, а также необходимость формирования результативной и прозрачной системы оценки кадрового потенциала образовательных учреждений, определяющей направления и программы его развития. В основе формирования данной системы положен системный подход, в частности, «модель черного ящика», включающая такие элементы, как «выход», «вход», «внешняя среда», «процесс», «обратная связь», а также метод декомпозиции. Используя методологию системного подхода, были выделены и охарактеризованы основные элементы системы оценки кадрового потенциала образовательного учреждения: субъект, объект, цели, критерии и шкалы, подходы, методы и средства оценки. Предложен алгоритм формирования системы оценки кадрового потенциала образовательного учреждения, позволяющий на основе анализа отклонений фактических значений выбранных параметров от плановых обнаружить и установить проблемы, мешающие достижению целей образовательной организации, а также выработать решения, направленные на развитие кадрового потенциала в стратегическом аспекте. Кроме этого, в статье обозначены проблемы формирования системы оценки кадрового потенциала образовательного учреждения и условия для ее качественной и эффективной реализации.

We reveal the role of teacher’s potential as an important factor for the educational system development. We also substantiate the need to create an effective and transparent system to assess the workforce potential at educational institutions that will determine the directions and programs of its development. The system should be based on the system approach, in particular, the black box model consisting of such elements as "output", "input", "external environment", "process", "feedback", as well as the decomposition method. Relying on the system approach, we identify and characterize the key elements of the system of assessing the workforce potential at an educational institution, namely subject, object, goals, criteria and scales, approaches, methods and evaluation tools. We introduce an algorithm for making the system in question that enables to detect and identify problems that hinder the development of an educational organization by comparing the targeted and actual parameters and to find solutions aimed at the strategic development of the human resources. We also identify the problems of forming a system to assess the human resources potential at an educational institution as well as the conditions for its effective implementation.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ ИННОВАЦИЙ ЧЕРЕЗ НИОКР НА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ РАБОТЫ КОТИРУЕМЫХ НА БИРЖЕ ИНФРАСТРУКТУРОЁМКИХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ КНР
Authors: С. Се
Published: November 2024

Инфраструктурноёмкие предприятия – это категория компаний, которые рассматривают использование большой совокупности данных как важного ресурса для качественного и всестороннего применения в производственных и операционных процессах. Инновации играют важную роль в развитии предприятий. Исследование инновационной деятельности инфраструктурноёмких предприятий необходимо для формирования чётких и обоснованных предложений в целях дальнейшего развития бизнеса. В этой статье, используя индексные критерии, автором даются определения групповых характеристик инфраструктурноёмких предприятий. В качестве объектов исследования были выбраны инфраструктурноёмкие предприятия, зарегистрированные на китайской бирже с 2012 по 2022 гг. В работе рассматривается влияние инвестиций, внедряемых через НИКОР, на выручку предприятий. Результаты исследования показывают, что инвестиции в НИОКР оказывают положительное влияние на выручку предприятий. Использование регрессионной модели подтвердило соблюдение требований устойчивости. Согласно результатам гетерогенного регрессионного анализа, эффективность инвестиций в НИОКР на государственных предприятиях ниже по сравнению с частными предприятиями. Анализ также показал, что эффективность инвестиций в НИОКР на предприятии с крупным масштабом производства более низкая, чем у средних и малых. На предприятиях, осуществивших цифровую трансформацию, эффективность инвестиций в НИОКР значительно выше по сравнению с теми, которые не осуществляют цифровую трансформацию.

Enterprises of intensive infrastructure are businesses wherein large set of data are used as an important resource for qualitative and comprehensive implementation in production and operational processes. Innovations are of the essence in the development of enterprises. The study of innovative activities of intense infrastructure enterprises is necessary for establishing clear and sound proposals for further business development. On the basis of index criteria the author provides definitions of group characteristics of intense infrastructure enterprises with businesses registered in PRC in 2012-2022 being taken as research objects. The study focuses on the impact of innovations introduced through research and development and having influence on business revenues. The results of the study demonstrate that R&D related innovations have positive effect for the revenue of the enterprises. The use of regression model proves meeting requirements of sustainability. According to the results of heterogeneous regression analysis the efficiency of innovations into R&D is lower at state-owned enterprises than the one at private businesses. The analysis also shows that the efficiency on investments into R&D at large scale enterprises is lower than the one at small and medium businesses. Besides the efficiency of investments introduced to enterprises having performed digital transformation tends to be much higher in comparison with the businesses that are not driving digital transformation.
ПРОБЛЕМЫ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ СУДЕБНОЙ ЭКСПЕРТИЗЫ КАК СРЕДСТВА ПРОВЕРКИ И ОЦЕНКИ ПОКАЗАНИЙ УЧАСТНИКОВ УГОЛОВНОГО СУДОПРОИЗВОДСТВА
Authors: О.В. Челышева
Published: November 2024

Статья посвящена исследованию сущности процессов проверки и оценки доказательств в уголовном судопроизводстве в целом и особенностей данных процессов применительно к такому источнику доказательств, как показания обвиняемого (подозреваемого), потерпевшего и свидетеля. Раскрыты имеющиеся в науке подходы к использованию судебных экспертиз для проверки и оценки показаний участников уголовного процесса. Показаны история, современное состояние использования опросов с помощью полиграфа в правоприменительной практике, особенно в форме психофизиологической экспертизы. Дан критический анализ современных методик работы на полиграфе. Особое внимание уделено применению методики выявления скрываемой информации. Сделан вывод о возможности производства психофизиологической экспертизы с применением полиграфа в качестве средства проверки показаний, но не средства их оценки.

The article is dedicated to the research of the nature of evidence evaluation and assessment processes in criminal proceedings in general and specifics thereof with regard to such a source of evidence as the testimony of the accused (suspect), victim and witness. The study focuses on the existing scientific approaches to the use of forensic expertise to verify and evaluate the testimony of participants in the criminal process. The author shows the history and current state of the use of polygraph surveys in law enforcement practice, especially in the form of psychophysiological examination with a critical analysis of modern methods being given. Particular attention is paid to the use of the technique of revealing concealed information. A conclusion is made about the possibility of conducting a psychophysiological examination using a polygraph as a means of verifying indications, but not as a means of evaluating them.
ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ СЛЕДОВАТЕЛЯ НА ЗАКЛЮЧИТЕЛЬНОМ ЭТАПЕ ПРИ РАССЛЕДОВАНИИ ДОРОЖНО-ТРАНСПОРТНЫХ ПРЕСТУПЛЕНИЙ
Authors: И.В. Тертычная , Д.В. Аксенов
Published: November 2024

В статье рассмотрен организационный порядок деятельности следователя на завершающем этапе при расследовании дорожно-транспортных преступлений. Уделено внимание проблемным аспектам, возникающим на данном этапе, в частности вопросам возврата уголовных дел в связи с пересоставлением обвинительного заключения, нарушения следователем норм уголовно-процессуального законодательства и невнимательности при систематизации документов. Приведены и проанализированы примеры из судебной практики относительно данных нарушений.

The article discusses the organizational order of the investigator’s activities at the final stage in the investigation of road traffic crimes. Particular attention is paid to the problematic aspects that arise at this stage, in particular, the return of criminal cases in connection with a restatement of indictment, violations of the norms of criminal procedure legislation and inattention committed by the investigator when systematizing documents. A focused effort is made on revealing and analyzing examples of judicial practice concerning the violations above mentioned.
Atomic layer restructuring of gold surfaces by N-heterocyclic carbenes over large surface areas
Authors: Goodwin Eden , Davies Matt , Bakiro Maram , Desroche Emmett , Tumino Francesco , Aloisio Mark , Crudden Cathleen M. , Ragogna Paul J. , Karttunen Mikko , Barry Seán T.
Published: November 2024

Even highly planar, polished metal surfaces display varying levels of roughness that can affect their optical and electronic properties, impacting performance in state-of-the-art microelectronics. Current methods for smoothing rough metallic surfaces require either the removal or addition of substantial amounts of material using complex processes that are incompatible with 3-dimensional nano-scale features needed for state-of-the-art applications. We present a vapor-phase process that results in up to a 60% smoothing of nanometer scale rough gold surfaces through a single exposure to a new class of ligand called N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs). This process does not require removal or addition of metal from the surface and provides smoothing at the Ångström scale. Smoothing occurs in a single deposition, giving quantifiable differences in the adsorption behavior of the resulting surfaces. The process takes place through an adatom–extraction-driven destabilization and restructuring of the surface in a self-limiting manner. This novel process is achieved without the use of harsh chemical etchants or mechanical intervention, takes only minutes, and can easily be integrated with vapor phase processing in situ. It offers a promising avenue for subnanometer smoothing in microfabrication workflows. Our observations pave the way for atomic layer restructuring (ALR), a technique that compliments atomic layer deposition (ALD) and atomic layer etching (ALE) in the fabrication and processing high precision materials.
CopDDB: a descriptor database for copolymers and its applications to machine learning
Authors: Yoshimura Takayoshi , Kato Hiromoto , Oikawa Shunto , Inagaki Taichi , Asano Shigehito , Sugawara Tetsunori , Miyao Tomonori , Matsubara Takamitsu , Ajiro Hiroharu , Fujii Mikiya , Ohnishi Yu-ya , Hatanaka Miho
Published: November 2024

Polymer informatics, which involves applying data-driven science to polymers, has attracted considerable research interest. However, developing adequate descriptors for polymers, particularly copolymers, to facilitate machine learning (ML) models with limited data sets remains a challenge. To address this issue, we computed sets of parameters, including reaction energies and activation barriers of elementary reactions in the early stage of radical polymerization, for 2500 radical–monomer pairs derived from 50 commercially available monomers and constructed an open database named “Copolymer Descriptor Database.” Furthermore, we built ML models using our descriptors as explanatory variables and physical properties such as the reactivity ratio, monomer conversion, monomer composition ratio, and molecular weight as objective variables. These models achieved high predictive accuracy, demonstrating the potential of our descriptors to advance the field of polymer informatics.
The Effect of Upper Limbs on Dosage in Gamma Knife Treatment
Authors: Yin Gang , Lei Weijie
Published: November 2024

Objective: To study the effect of the upper limbs on dosage in Gamma Knife treatment. Methods: The design function of the Luna-260TM Gamma Knife Radiotherapy Planning System was utilized, using a body phantom to simulate conventional treatment sites. Twenty sampling points were set for irradiation locations. Using five different collimator sizes commonly used in body treatments, treatment plans were designed under conditions with and without upper limbs, and sampling point irradiation time comparison data was collected to calculate and analyze dose error rates. Results: Across the 20 sampling points, the dose error range was from -16.09% to 0 when comparing treatment plans without upper limbs to those executed with upper limbs present, and from 0 to 19.75% in the reverse comparison. With the same prescription dose, location, and collimator size, dose error increased as the irradiation site moved closer to the upper limbs and decreased as the distance increased. Conclusion: In Gamma Knife treatment, the dose error decreases as the irradiation site is further from the upper limbs and increases when closer. Consistency in upper limb positioning is essential during Gamma Knife localization, planning, and execution. Although small, the upper limbs can significantly impact dosage, requiring stringent quality control to ensure the precision of treatment doses, thus safeguarding the effectiveness and safety of patient treatments.
Clinical Characteristics and Prognostic Analysis of Hepatitis Complicated with Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Gao Jie , He Qiufeng , Chen Zhili , Deng Yang , Wei Li , Ye Qingfen , Xiao Yu , Peng Jing , Su Ting , Mao Chuangjie
Published: November 2024

Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics and prognostic risk factors of patients with hepatitis complicated by acute pancreatitis, aiming to provide insights for early clinical intervention. Methods: Clinical data from patients diagnosed with hepatitis complicated by acute pancreatitis and acute pancreatitis alone, admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to December 2023, were collected. General information, symptoms, laboratory results, imaging findings, and prognostic outcomes were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Statistical analyses included t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, χ² tests, univariate regression, and multivariate binary logistic regression to identify independent prognostic risk factors. Results: A total of 109 patients were included: 53 with hepatitis complicated by acute pancreatitis and 56 with acute pancreatitis alone. The hepatitis-complicated group had significantly longer hospital stays and lower levels of blood amylase, lipase, PTA%, and PLT, while TBil was higher compared to the acute pancreatitis group (P < 0.05). The positive rates of ultrasound, CT, and MRI in detecting complications showed no significant differences between the two groups. Among hepatitis-complicated cases, viral hepatitis was the most common cause (52.8%), and liver failure was the most common clinical type (49.1%). Univariate analysis identified factors such as liver failure, NEUT%, and REC as risk factors for poor prognosis. Multivariate logistic regression showed that liver failure, NEUT%, and REC were independent prognostic risk factors (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Hepatitis can complicate acute pancreatitis, with viral hepatitis and liver failure being the most common. Symptoms are non-specific, often including fatigue and digestive discomfort. Early diagnostic tests, especially abdominal imaging, are essential for accurate diagnosis. Prognosis is influenced by the degree of liver damage, with liver failure, NEUT%, and REC being key independent risk factors.
Analysis of Tacrolimus Combined with Glucocorticoids for Refractory Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: An Guoxing , Han Xueyan
Published: November 2024

Objective: To analyze changes in liver and kidney function and lipid metabolism in patients with refractory nephrotic syndrome (RNS) after receiving different treatments. Methods: A total of 64 patients treated in the Wuwei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2018 to January 2021 were included in this study. All subjects were diagnosed with RNS and randomly assigned to groups: a control group (32 cases) and an observation group (32 cases). The control group received cyclophosphamide + glucocorticoids, while the observation group received tacrolimus + glucocorticoids, both for six months. The various indicators of the two groups were compared. Results: After six months of treatment, the overall clinical efficacy rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group. Six months post-treatment, levels of serum ALT, AST, BUN, SCr, 24 h UTP, TG, and TC were reduced in both groups compared to baseline levels, with reductions more pronounced in the observation group. Serum ALB levels increased in both groups, with a more significant increase in the observation group. Statistical analysis showed these differences were significant (P < 0.05). There were no significant changes in FBG levels in either group (P > 0.05). Conclusion: For RNS patients, treatment with tacrolimus combined with glucocorticoids significantly reduces liver function damage, improves kidney function and lipid metabolism, and enhances clinical efficacy.
Analysis of the Impact of Nutritional Intervention Combined with Predictive Nursing on the Nutritional Status, Quality of Life, and Adverse Reactions in Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy for Lung Cancer
Authors: Sun Meng
Published: November 2024

Objective: To evaluate the intervention effect of nutritional intervention combined with predictive nursing on patients undergoing chemotherapy for lung cancer. Methods: A total of 88 lung cancer chemotherapy patients admitted between January 2023 and June 2024 were selected and randomly divided into groups using a random number table. The experimental group (44 cases) received nutritional intervention combined with predictive nursing, while the control group (44 cases) received predictive nursing alone. Nutritional status scores, nutritional indicators, quality of life scores, and adverse reaction rates were compared between the two groups. Results: After the intervention, the nutritional status scores of the experimental group were lower than those of the control group, while the levels of nutritional indicators in the experimental group were better than those in the control group. The quality of life scores in the experimental group were lower than in the control group, and the adverse reaction rates were also lower in the experimental group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Nutritional intervention combined with predictive nursing can improve the nutritional status of lung cancer chemotherapy patients, regulate multiple nutritional indicators, enhance quality of life, and reduce chemotherapy-related adverse reactions.
“The gentlemen did not like each other.” Experiencing relationships in the mathematical community that are not disclosed in textbooks
Authors: Pavlíček Tomáš W.
Published: November 2024

Although the history of Polish mathematics has been documented, even the best synthesis of the history of universities cannot reflect the relationships between professors. This article presents the contribution of the oral history method to the analysis of scientific cooperation among mathematicians from the Polish People’s Republic and Czechoslovakia, focusing on new ways of circulating knowledge at the time of the Cold War. The image of the professorship in the Polish People’s Republic and their influence on students within the transfer of knowledge is discussed.
Memory dissonance and competitive discourses about the past on the example of the legacy of the “Gryf Pomorski” Secret Military Organisation
Authors: Kość-Ryżko Katarzyna , Ebertowska Ewelina , Kubiatowski Zbigniew
Published: November 2024

In the article, we present the circumstances surrounding the establishment and activities of the “Gryf Pomorski” secret military organisation and contemporary forms of its commemoration in the context of historical policy. We discuss the causes and effects of the conflict over the memory of the partisans of “Gryf Pomorski” and the manifestations of competing discourses about them. The basis of the analysis are materials collected during ethnographic field research in Pomerania.
YAPAY ZEKÂ TEKNOLOJİSİ İLE KAN ŞEKİLLERİNİN OLUŞUMLARI ANALİZ EDİLEREK ÖLDÜRÜCÜ VE YARALAYICI ALETİN BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: Yanar Kenan , Cantürk Nergis
Published: November 2024

Kan lekesi model analizi (KLMA), adli bilimlerde kan lekelerinin incelendiği, tanımlandığı ve kan lekelerinin neden olduğunu araştıran bir adli disiplindir. Bu adli disiplin altında yapılan birçok araştırma bulunmaktadır. Yapılan bu çalışmaların içerisinde kan lekelerinin genişliği, uzunluğu ve radyal açı gibi özelliklerine bağlı olarak öldürücü veya yaralayıcı aletlerin cinsi de belirlenebilmektedir. Bu belirlemeler kan lekelerinin analiz edilmesi sayesinde mümkün olmaktadır. Yapay sinir ağları ile modeller geliştirilip kan lekelerinin oluşum şekillerinden öldürücü veya yaralayıcı aletin doğrudan cinsinin tespitine yönelik önermelerde bulunacak bir programın altyapısı hazırlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmada kan lekelerinin boyutları ve çaplarına bağlı kalınarak yapay sinir ağları ile öldürücü veya yaralayıcı alet tanımlamaları yapılacağı yönünde bulgular elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular neticesinde Matlab programı kullanarak Yapay Sinir Ağları (YSA) modeli ile genişlik ve uzunluk bilgilerine bağlı olarak kan lekeleri düşüş açıları eğitimi yapılmıştır. Bu düşüş açıları sayesinde farklı değer aralıklarındaki genişlik ve uzunluğa bağlı olarak düşme açıları da regresyon analizi ile hesaplanmıştır. Bu hesaplamalar sonucunda elde edilen değerler ile aletin cinsine yönelik %99 oranında tutarlı bir dağılım gösteren model çıkartılması sayesinde önermelerde bulunmamızı sağlamıştır. Ölüm ve yaralanma ile sonuçlanan hemen hemen bütün olaylarda olay yerinde kan lekesi görmek mümkündür. Kan lekelerinden suç aletinin tanımlanması olayı anlamaya ve aydınlatmaya büyük katkı sağlayacaktır.
OPİOİDLERİN TIBBİ AMAÇ DIŞI KULLANIMI VE KÜRESEL FENTANİL KRİZİ
Authors: Dursun Hayrettin
Published: November 2024

Haşhaş bitkisinden elde edilen opiyatlar yüzyıllardır ağrı kesici olarak kullanılmanın yanında oluşturdukları öfori etkisi sebebiyle kötüye de kullanılmıştır. Morfin ve kodein gibi alkoloitleri içeren ilaçlar hala reçeteli olarak kullanılmaktadır. Morfinin bağımlılık yapma etkisinin görülmesi üzerine eroin sentezlenmiş; onun kötüye kullanımının da küresel bir salgına ulaşması sonucu ilaç olarak kullanımı yasaklanmıştır. Alkoloitlerin yapılarının ve etki ettikleri reseptörlerin tespiti yeni tip sentetik opioidlerin sentezlenmesine imkan sağlamış ve bu maddeler reçeteli olarak kullanılmaya başlamıştır. Sentetik opioidlerden özellikle fentanil ve analoglarının eroinin yerini alması ve tıbbi amaç dışında kötüye kullanılması yeni bir küresel salgına sebep olmuştur. Uzmanlar opioidlere bağlı salgınları; reçeteli opioidlere bağlı, eroine bağlı ve sentetik opioidlere bağlı olmak üzere üç dalga modeli ile açıklamaktadır. Kuzey Amerika ve Kuzey-batı Avrupa opioid salgınından en çok etkilenen bölgeler durumundadır. Salgın başladığından bu yana 750.000’den fazla Amerikalı opioid kaynaklı aşırı dozdan hayatını kaybetmiştir. Estonya başta olmak üzere Avrupa ülkelerinde de opioid kaynaklı aşırı doz ölüm sayıları hızlı bir şekilde artmaktadır. Sosyal medya ve karanlık ağlar gibi takibi zor kanallar kullanılarak yeni tip opioidler dünyanın farklı yerlerindeki kullanıcılara ulaşmaktadır. Kuzey Amerika’da yayılma hızını azaltmak için önlemler alma fırsatı azalırken; Avrupa’da hala salgının yayılmasını engellemek mümkün görülmektedir. Bu derleme çalışmasında fentanil başta olmak üzere sentetik opiodlere bağlı küresel salgının Kuzey Amerika ve Kuzey Avrupa özelinde ulaştığı durum literatüre dayalı sayısal verilerle açıklanacaktır. Uyuşturucu ile mücadele profesyonelleri nezdinde farkındalık oluşturmak amaçlanmıştır
GÜVENLİKLEŞTİRME TEORİSİ BAĞLAMINDA İKİNCİ KARABAĞ SAVAŞI SONRASI AZERBAYCAN’IN MİLLÎ GÜVENLİK PARADİGMASI
Authors: Shiraliyev Museyib , Hasanoğlu Murteza
Published: November 2024

Devletlerin güvenlik tehditleri ve risk alanlarına karşı aldıkları önlemler zamanla değişmekte ve bu değişimi anlamak için güvenlikleştirme teorisi önemli bir çerçeve sunmaktadır. Bu teori, devletlerin belirli tehditleri tanımlayıp olağanüstü önlemler almasını açıklamaktadır. Karabağ meselesi de güvenlikleştirme sürecinin bölgesel bir örneği olarak incelenebilir. Karabağ’ın Ermenistan tarafından işgali, Azerbaycan için ciddi bir millî (ulusal) güvenlik etkeni olarak görülmüş ve çeşitli diplomatik ve askeri çabaların yapılmasına neden olmuştur. İkinci Karabağ Savaşı sonrası Azerbaycan’ın ulusal güvenlik stratejileri dinamik bir dönüşüm geçirmiştir. Güney Kafkasya’daki jeopolitik güç dengelerinin yeniden değerlendirilmesi gereken bu dönemde, güvenlikleştirme teorisi ışığında yapılan analizler, Azerbaycan’ın güvenlik politikalarını anlamada önemli bir araçtır. Özellikle Eylül 2023’te gerçekleştirilen antiterör operasyonu, Azerbaycan’ın ulusal güvenliğini sağlama çabalarını ve terörizmle mücadelede uluslararası işbirliğinin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Medya ve politik liderlerin desteğiyle kamuoyu desteği sağlanmış, operasyonun uluslararası hukuka uygunluğu ve bölgesel istikrara katkısı belirtilmiştir. Karabağ’da anayasal düzeni tesis etmeye yönelik operasyonlar, savaş suçlularının yargılanması ve adaletin sağlanması açısından önemli sonuçlar doğurmuştur. Bu süreç, Azerbaycan’ın ulusal güvenliğini koruma amacıyla meşru bir güvenlik önlemi olarak görülmektedir. Çalışma, Azerbaycan’ın İkinci Karabağ Savaşı sonrasında değişen ulusal güvenlik stratejilerini ve küresel güç rekabeti çerçevesinde sürdürülebilir barış inşası çabalarını açıklamaktadır. Sonuçlar, Azerbaycan’ın jeopolitik gerçeklere uyum sağlamak için kapsamlı bir ulusal güvenlik vizyonuna sahip olması gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır.
KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA SOPIR DAN KONDEKTUR DI LINGKUNGAN TERMINAL LHOKSEUMAWE
Authors: Irda Irda , Emilda Emilda , Maulidawati Maulidawati
Published: November 2024

ABSTRAK Manusia dituntut menyampaikan pikiran atau gagasan dengan memperhatikan tata cara berkomunikasi atau norma yang berlaku di suatu lingkungan dalam melangsungkan interaksi. Salah satu aturan yang dipegang oleh setiap masyarakat tutur adalah kesantunan berbahasa. Dalam beberapa kasus, sering terdapat pelanggaran kesantunan berbahasa. Pelanggaran tersebut terjadi karena penutur atau mitra tutur melanggar prinsip kesantunan berbahasa, sehingga bahasa yang dihasilkan dianggap tidak santun. Kesantunan berbahasa dapat ditemukan di berbagai tempat yang di dalamnya terdapat masyarakat tutur. Salah satu di antaranya adalah terminal bus di Lhokseumawe. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan wujud kesantunan berbahasa dan penyimpangan kesantunan berbahasa yang dilakukan oleh sopir dan kondektur di lingkungan terminal Lhokseumawe. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah wujud kesantunan berbahasa dan tuturan yang melanggar maksim kesantunan berbahasa. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah tuturan yang disampaikan oleh sopir dan kondektur di lingkungan terminal Lhokseumawe. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah 1) wujud kesantunan berbahasa sebanyak 188 data, 31 diantaranya tidak memenuhi wujud kesantunan berbahasa, dan 152 lainnya memenuhi wujud kesantunan berbahasa; dan 2) penyimpangan kesantunan berbahasa sebanyak 29 data terdiri dari 2 data penyimpangan maksim kearifan atau kebijaksanaan, 4 data penyimpangan maksim kedermawanan, 15 data penyimpangan maksim pujian, 2 data penyimpangan maksim kerendahan hati, 4 data penyimpangan maksim kesepakatan, dan 2 data penyimpangan maksim kesimpatian. Kata kunci: bahasa, kesantunan bahasa, maksim, terminal, sopir, kondektur
Increasing the level of municipal waste recycling in Poland, on the example of the Krakow metropolis
Authors:   AGH University of Krakow, Ostrowska Justyna , Szyba Marta ,   AGH University of Krakow
Published: November 2024

Purpose: The aim of the article is to analyze the recycling levels achieved in Krakow and the
municipalities of the Krakow Metropolis and to identify the factors that influence these results.
In order to increase recycling rates in municipalities, a calculation method has been proposed
that can help estimate the amount of biodegradable waste composted in households.
Design/methodology/approach: To achieve the goal of analyzing recycling levels in
municipalities, data from the Local Data Bank of the Central Statistical Office and the
Małopolska Marshal's Office were used. The proposed method for calculating the mass of
composted biodegradable waste was based on exemplary declarations on composting of
biodegradable waste posted on municipal websites and indicators such as the amount of kitchen
waste generated/person/year and the amount of green waste generated in kg/m2 of green areas.
Findings: The analysis of recycling levels shows the problems that municipalities may have in
achieving the limits set by the European Commission. Actions must be taken to increase
recycling rates in municipalities, and one of them may be a proposed method for calculating
the amount of composted biodegradable waste in households. Failure to achieve recycling
levels will result in administrative penalties imposed by the Provincial Inspectorates of
Environmental Protection (WIOŚ) and failure to meet sustainable development goals.
Research limitations/implications: Municipalities have household declarations regarding
composting of biodegradable waste. The continuation of the research concerned checking the
correctness of data in municipalities on the size of plots and the area of green areas using
satellite maps, e.g. geoportal.gov.pl
Practical implications: The work uses an original calculation method, helpful in estimating
the amount of biodegradable waste subjected to composting. Municipalities could use this
method, which would help estimate the neglected amounts of this type of waste in households.
By using the proposed method, the management of the biodegradable waste fraction would be
more transparent and reliable, which would help increase the achieved recycling levels.
Social implications: The implementation of the proposed solution could change the approach
of waste producers to the segregation of municipal waste and influence greater attention during
segregating biodegradable waste. Consequently, this would also improve waste management
and improve the results in achieving sustainable development goals in municipalities.
Originality/value: The article is an attempt of response to the need to achieve higher and higher
levels of recycling. The proposed solution has implementation value and is addressed to
organizations managing waste management in local government units.
Keywords: recycled materials, waste management, sustainability, circular economy, recycling
rate.
Category of the paper: Research paper.
17वीं सदी के अंत और 18वीं सदी के प्रारंभ में मेवात में किसान एवं जमींदार विद्रोह
Authors: Sahu Puja , Balhara Subhash
Published: November 2024

हम जानते हैं कि मुगल साम्राज्य, जो कि पूरे एशिया का सबसे मजबूत साम्राज्य था, लगभग 150 सालों तक एक केंद्रीकृत एवं सुदृढ़ स्थिति में खड़ा रहा। मुगल साम्राज्य की असली ताकत उसकी शक्तिशाली अश्वरोही सेना थी जो मनसबदारी व्यवस्था से संचालित होती थी। मनसबदारों को अपनी जागीरो में कुशल संचालन करके भूराजस्व एकत्रित करना होता था जिसके प्रयोग से वह अपनी सेना को शक्तिशाली बनाते थे। लेकिन मनसबदारों का मुख्य उद्देश्य किसानों से अधिक से अधिक भूराजस्व वसूल करना था जिसके कारण किसानों का शोषण होता था। 18वीं शताब्दी की शुरुआत में ही यह साम्राज्य लड़खड़ाने लगा और शीघ्र ही धराशाही हो गया। जब मुगल साम्राज्य में मनसबदारी एवं जागीरदार संकट उत्पन्न हुआ तब किसानों पर होने वाला शोषण और तीव्र हो गया दूसरी तरफ से इजारादारी व्यवस्था के अंतर्गत उनके ऊपर बहुत सारे गैर प्रथागत करांे को थोप दिया गया। इसलिए किसानों को शाही मनसबदारों एवं इजारेदारों के विरुद्ध सशस्त्र विद्रोह करने पर विवश होना पड़ा। इस शोध पत्र में मेवात क्षेत्र के अंतर्गत किसानों एवं जमींदारों के इजारादारी व्यवस्था के खिलाफ हुए विद्रोह का विशेष वर्णन करने का प्रयास किया गया है।
Construindo um Futuro Através da Matemática
Authors: Vieira Lára Francine de Paiva , Ferrari Fabiano Alan Serafim , Nunes João Pedro De Oliveira , Soares Matheus Jesus , Lima Luana Alves de , Costa Carlos Henrique Alves , Monção Fabrício Figueredo , Nogueira Jacqueline Andrade
Published: November 2024

De acordo com o PPI da UFVJM, a instituição está comprometida com "a transformação da realidade socioeconômica e com a redução das desigualdades que permeiam as regiões nas quais se insere". No Campus
Modelo explicativo del compromiso académico a partir del contexto social y las necesidades psicológicas básicas de estudiantes universitarios.
Authors:   , Loyer Correa Solange Marie
Published: November 2024

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar un modelo, por medio de ecuaciones estructurales, basado en el Modelo de Desarrollo Motivacional del Yo, propuesto inicialmente por Connell Wellborn (1991) y que se basa en la teoría de autodeterminación. El modelo busca explicar la relación que existe entre el compromiso académico, la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas y el apoyo docente y el efecto mediador de las necesidades psicológicas en el efecto del apoyo académico sobre el compromiso académico. Se aplicaron las escalas Teacher as Social Context Questionnaire (TASCQ) (Cuestionario del Docente como Contexto Social), Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Need Frustration Scale (BPNSNF) (Escala de Satisfacción y Frustración de Necesidades Psicológicas) y Student Engagement Scale (SES) (Escala de Compromiso del estudiante) a una muestra de 1114 estudiantes universitarios provenientes de carreras de ingeniería y del área de las ciencias sociales y humanidades. El modelo definitivo obtuvo un resultado de ajuste parcial a los datos, con cumplimiento de solo algunos indicadores de ajuste (ꭓ2 (610)= 1963.443, p .001, CFI =.899, TLI = .890, RMSEA=.045 (90% IC: .042-.047). Sin embargo, después de analizar los resultados de ajuste y basándose en las recomendaciones de varios autores, se puede concluir que no hay evidencia suficiente para descartar el modelo hipotetizado, y dado el resultado favorable del RMSEA (.045), habría fuerte evidencia para respaldar el modelo. Todas las relaciones hipotetizadas dieron significativas y se comprobó el efecto de mediación parcial de la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas en el efecto del apoyo docente sobre el compromiso académico. Los resultados abren una discusión sobre el uso de indicadores para la evaluación de modelos, y además sugieren realizar mayor investigación sobre este modelo.
Dwarf ellipticals.
Authors:   , Urrutia Zapata Fernanda Cecilia
Published: November 2024

Las galaxias elípticas enanas (dE) se encuentran en el extremo de baja luminosidad de la secuencia de galaxias elípticas, caracterizadas por tamaños más pequeños y luminosidades más bajas en comparación con las típicas galaxias elípticas. Un método común para distinguir entre una galaxia elíptica normal y una galaxia enana es a través de su magnitud absoluta, con un límite comúnmente utilizado de -18 mag.
Por debajo de las masas de dEs se encuentran las galaxias enanas ultra compactas (UCDs). Las UCDs son objetos extendidos con alta masa, típicamente caracterizados por un límite de masa inferior de 2×106 M⊙. Sus luminosidades están por encima de los cúmulos de estrellas (SCs) más brillantes conocidos, y sus radios efectivos oscilan entre 10 y 100 pc. Por lo tanto, aunque son más grandes, más brillantes y más masivos que los SCs, siguen siendo más compactos que las galaxias enanas típicas de luminosidad comparable.
En nuestro estudio investigamos la posibilidad de que las galaxias dE pierdan sus componentes con el “Tidal stripping and truncation scenario”, dejando su denso núcleo centralen el tipo de órbitas en las que se encuentran las UCDs. Esto es, una galaxia dE,N con un núcleo denso es parcialmente destruida por las fuerzas gravitatorias de una o varias galaxias más grandes. La parte central compacta sobrevive como UCD. Es importante probar si esto se puede hacer en el modelo Lambda cold dark matter(LCDM), donde cada galaxia dE tiene su halo Navarro-Frenk-White con propiedades preinfall según lo dado por la teoría, en sobre cómo asociar una galaxia bariónica con un halo de materia oscura. Entonces, en este trabajo, nuestro objetivo es abordar las preguntas: ¿Puede el halo de materia oscura ser desprendido?, como se asume en estudios previos, y luego, ¿Puede el cuerpo estelar de la galaxia dE también ser desprendido resultando en UCDs en las órbitas donde los observamos?.
Getting it Right: On The (Im)Possibilities of Play in School Music
Authors: Mantie Roger
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Research suggests that when we treat our non-obligatory activities playfully, we are more likely to engage with them and derive meaningfulness from them. Play is of interest to the field of music education on at least two counts: the perceived relationship between play and music, and the perceived educational aspects of play related to human development and behavior. Using Johan Huizinga’s definition of play in Homo Ludens as a starting point, I interrogate the ways in which school music may militate against play efforts in music education. I draw particular attention to the problem of group-based musical performance, competition, and how school music in many jurisdictions has capitulated to an impoverished paradigm of “getting it right.” I conclude with a brief appeal to re-center play as critically important to the aims of school music.
Modernity and Music Education: Constructing the Child, the Future, and Orff-Schulwerk
Authors: Karvelis Noah
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Orff-Schulwerk has become a foundational element of U.S. music education. Often positioned as an open, exploratory, and approachable form of music teaching and learning, it is associated with developing musicianship and, importantly, creativity. This article, drawing from a curriculum studies approach, considers the epistemologies, histories, and entanglements that produce Orff-Schulwerk and position it in this way. To do so, the article reviews an archive of method books, writing from Orff-Schulwerk pedagogues, and instrument designs. It then places these artifacts alongside the intellectual foundations through that, in part, their modes of thought and action are constructed. In the process, this article traces how Orff-Schulwerk has been produced and given a particular sensibility through modes of thought largely outside of music such as cognitive science and German body culture. As a result, Orff-Schulwerk and the object of twenty-first century music curriculum become visible as not simply direct translations of creative, musical exploration into curriculum. Rather, Orff-Schulwerk is a distinct ontological object produced through ideas and desires that often have less to do with music and more to do with governing people in modernity. In doing so, the article seeks to question and develop understandings surrounding the foundations of classroom practice and research.
Sinop'ta Dokumacılık Yapan Kadın Kooperatiflerinin Ürün Geliştirme ile Pazarlama Süreçlerine Dair Vaka Çalışması
Authors: Ayhan Tuba , Ünaldı Vedat
Published: November 2024

Bu nitel araştırmada, Sinop’un geleneksel dokuma kültürünü sürdürmeye çalışan Kadın Girişimi Üretim ve İşletme Kooperatifileri (KGÜİK) kapsamında, dokumacılar (meslek) ve bu dokumacıların ürettiği yöreye özgü dokumalar (ürün) ele alınmıştır. Araştırmanın amacı; Sinop’un geleneksel dokuma kültürünü devam ettirmeye çalışan, KGÜİK’lerinin üretim ve satış süreçlerinin mevcut durumunu betimlemek ve kooperatifllerde üretilen ürünleri yöresel dokuma kültürüne uygunluk (özgün değer) açısından değerlendirmektir. Geleneksel el dokumacılığının sürdürülebilirliği bağlamında, üretim ve satış sorunları gibi iki farklı durumu ele aldığı için meslek olgusunun araştırılmasında bütüncül çoklu durum modeli kullanılmıştır. Sinop’un geleneksel dokuma kültürünün yaşatılması bağlamında, üretilen ürünlerde yöreye özgü değeler araştırıldığı için ürün olgusu için bütüncül tek durum modeli kullanılmıştır. Sinop’un geleneksel dokuma kültürünün yaşatılması bağlamında, ürünlerde yöreye özgü değerler araştırıldığı için ürün olgusu için bütüncül tek durum modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırma grubunun belirlenmesinde, olasılıklı olmayan ölçüt örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. On dokumacı ve üç kooperatif başkanından oluşan toplam 13 kadın, bu çalışmanın araştırma grubunu oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama araçları, durum çalışmalarının doğasına göre araştırma sorularında yer alan meslek ve ürün odaklı sorular doğrultusunda şekillendirilmiştir. Araştırılan durumun zengin bir şekilde ortaya konulabil-mesi için veri çeşitliliği sağlanmıştır. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme, doğal ortamında katı-lımsız gözlem ve foto-belgeleme gibi veri toplama araçlarıyla elde edilen veriler, betimsel-yorumlayıcı analiz yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada, Sinop dokumalarına ait coğrafi işaretler baz alınarak 60 adet ürün incelenmiştir. Araştırmada elde edilen en önemli sonuç, kadınların kooperatif örgütlenmesiyle gösterdikleri dayanışma ve dokumalardaki işçilik kalitesinin KGÜİK'lerin en güçlü yanını oluşturduğudur. Kooperatiflerin zayıf yönleri ise yeni ürün geliştirememe, yüksek üretim maliyetleri, ürün tanıtımı ve pazar sıkıntısıdır. Ürünlerin analizi için referans alınan mahreç işaretleri belgelerindeki motif ve desenlere ilişkin yazılı ve görsel tanımlamaların yetersizliği, bu araştırmanın sınırlılığını oluşturmak-tadır. Bu araştırmanın sorunsalı doğrultusunda elde edilen bulgular (meslek ve ürün odaklı mevcut durum) Sinop özelinde başka soruların da gündeme gelmesine neden olmuştur.