bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serum hepatitis B surface antigen concentration correlates with HBV DNA level in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Su Tung-Hung , Hsu Ching-Sheng , Chen Chi-Ling , Liu Chen-Hua , Huang Yi-Wen , Tseng Tai-Chung , Liu Chun-Jen , Chen Pei-Jer , Lai Ming-Yang , Chen Ding-Shinn , Kao Jia-Horng
Published: November 2010

Background

Serum HBV DNA level is crucial in the management of chronic hepatitis B (CHB); however, the assay is expensive and cannot be used widely. Therefore, we explored the possibility of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) quantification as a surrogate marker for HBV DNA level in CHB patients.

Methods

A total of 289 CHB patients were enrolled, 251 were evaluated at baseline and 75 of them were also evaluated during anti-HBV treatment. Another 38 on-treatment patients were used for validation. Serum HBsAg titre was quantified by an immunoassay and HBV DNA level by a PCR-based method. Baseline and on-treatment data were analysed.

Results

In parallel to log10 HBV DNA, the log10 HBsAg was high in both immune tolerance and immune clearance phases, and significantly decreased in the inactive carrier state and was again increased in the reactivation phase of the CHB infection. There was a positive correlation between log10 HBsAg and log10 HBV DNA, which was greater in patients with chronic hepatitis, hepatitis B e antigen- positivity, greater alanine aminotransferase or HBsAg levels at baseline and during pegylated interferon treatment. Log10 HBsAg could predict log10 HBV DNA independently. An HBsAg titre of >900 IU/ml at baseline or >1,500 IU/ml within the first year of treatment could predict an HBV DNA level of >20,000 IU/ml, especially in subgroups of chronic hepatitis with alanine aminotransferase levels >40 IU/l. The dynamics of HBsAg might also predict serial HBV DNA changes. In the validation group, 64% of patients with on-treatment HBV DNA levels >20,000 IU/ml could be correctly predicted.

Conclusions

Serum HBsAg concentration might serve as a surrogate marker of HBV DNA level in CHB patients.
Polyclonal dissemination of tetracycline resistance among Streptococcus pyogenes paediatric isolates from Brazil
Authors: Smeesters Pierre Robert , Cadar Sabina , Drèze Pierre-Alexandre , Campos Dioclécio , Van Melderen Laurence
Published: November 2010

Introduction: Scarce data are available on Group A Streptococcus (GAS) antibiotic resistance in South America. Methodology: The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of GAS recovered from symptomatic children living in the central part of Brazil during a prospective epidemiological study were analyzed. Results: No isolates were resistant to penicillin or macrolides.  Sixty-one percent of the isolates were highly resistant to tetracycline, of which 85% harboured the tetM resistance gene. Ninety-five percent of these tetracycline resistant isolates were also resistant to minocycline. Thirty different emm-types were associated with tetracycline resistance. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that tetracycline resistance arose independently in distantly related emm-types. Conclusions: A high level of GAS tetracycline resistance has been observed in the central part of Brazil due to the polyclonal dissemination of resistant emm-types.
Salmonella enterica Serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A are avirulent in newborn and infant mice even when expressing virulence plasmid genes of Salmonella Typhimurium
Authors: Santander Javier , Curtiss III Roy
Published: November 2010

Background: Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A are human host-restricted pathogens. Therefore, there is no small susceptible animal host that can be used to assess the virulence and safety of vaccine strains derived from these Salmonella serovars.  However, infant mice have been used to evaluate virulence and colonization by another human host-restricted pathogen, Vibrio cholerae.  Methodology: The possibility that infant mice host could be adapted for Salmonella led us to investigate the susceptibility of newborn and infant mice to oral infection with S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium causes enteric fever in adult mice and this system has been used as a model for human typhoid. The pSTV virulence plasmid, not present in S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A, plays an essential role in S. Typhimurium colonization and systemic infection of mice. We also conjugated pSTV into S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A serovars and evaluated these transconjugants in newborn and infant mice.  Results: We determined that the spv virulence genes from the S. Typhimurium virulence plasmid are expressed in S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A in a RpoS dependent fashion. Also, we determined that S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A with and without pSTV transiently colonize newborn and infant mice tissues. Conclusion: Newborn and infant mice infected with S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A do not succumb to the infection and that carriage of the S. Typhimurium virulence plasmid, pSTV, did not influence these results.
Clarithromycin-based triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori treatment in peptic ulcer patients
Authors: Felga Guilherme , Silva Fernando Marcuz , Barbuti Ricardo Correa , Navarro-Rodriguez Tomas , Zaterka Schlioma , Eisig Jaime Natan
Published: November 2010

Introduction: The scheme proton pump inhibitor/amoxicillin/clarithromycin (PPI/AC) is still the first-line treatment for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections despite evidence suggesting its failure in up to 20% to 30% of patients. Methodology: This study involved 493 patients who were prescribed omeprazole (20 mg twice a day) or another proton pump inhibitor in equivalent dosage, amoxicillin (1 g twice a day), and clarithromycin (500 mg twice a day) for seven days. Efficacy was determined by negative urease test and absence of H. pylori on gastric biopsy samples twelve weeks after the end of treatment. Safety was defined according to the adverse effects reported. Mean age of the patients was (± SD) 48.96 ± 13, and demographic and clinical data were recorded for correlation with treatment outcomes. Results: Out of 493 patients, 316 (64.1%) presented duodenal ulcer, 111 (22.5%) gastric ulcer, and 66 (14.4%) simultaneous gastric and duodenal ulcers. Additionally, 267 (54.2%) patients had at least one risk factor for peptic ulcer disease, smoking being the most common (99 [36.5%]). Successful eradication was achieved in 408 patients. The eradication rates per protocol, and according to the intention to treat, were 88.8% and 82.7%, respectively.  Of 164 (35.5%) patients who presented adverse effects, 100 (61%) reported them as mild and only six (3.7%) patients had to discontinue treatment. Previous use of tobacco and non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs was the only risk factor for treatment failure (P 0.00). Conclusion: PPI/AC is still a valuable and remarkably tolerable option for first-line H. pylori eradication in Brazil.
The Influence of Excessive IL-6 Production In Vivo on the Development and Function of Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Fujimoto Minoru , Nakano Mayumi , Terabe Fumitaka , Kawahata Hirohisa , Ohkawara Tomoharu , Han Yongmei , Ripley Barry , Serada Satoshi , Nishikawa Teppei , Kimura Akihiro , Nomura Shintaro , Kishimoto Tadamitsu , Naka Tetsuji
Published: November 2010

IL-6 is a proinflammatory cytokine and its overproduction is implicated in a variety of inflammatory disorders. Recent in vitro analyses suggest that IL-6 is a key cytokine that determines the balance between Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and Th17 cells. However, it remains unclear whether excessive IL-6 production in vivo alters the development and function of Foxp3+ Tregs. In this study, we analyzed IL-6 transgenic (Tg) mice in which serum IL-6 levels are constitutively elevated. Interestingly, in IL-6 Tg mice, whereas peripheral lymphoid organs were enlarged, and T cells exhibited activated phenotype, Tregs were not reduced but rather increased compared with wild-type mice. In addition, Tregs from Tg mice normally suppressed proliferation of naive T cells in vitro. Furthermore, Tregs cotransferred with naive CD4 T cells into SCID–IL-6 Tg mice inhibited colitis as successfully as those transferred into control SCID mice. These results indicate that overproduction of IL-6 does not inhibit development or function of Foxp3+ Tregs in vivo. However, when naive CD4 T cells alone were transferred, Foxp3+ Tregs retrieved from SCID–IL-6 Tg mice were reduced compared with SCID mice. Moreover, the Helios− subpopulation of Foxp3+ Tregs, recently defined as extrathymic Tregs, was significantly reduced in IL-6 Tg mice compared with wild-type mice. Collectively, these results suggest that IL-6 overproduced in vivo inhibits inducible Treg generation from naive T cells, but does not affect the development and function of natural Tregs.
H5N1 Virus Activates Signaling Pathways in Human Endothelial Cells Resulting in a Specific Imbalanced Inflammatory Response
Authors: Viemann Dorothee , Schmolke Mirco , Lueken Aloys , Boergeling Yvonne , Friesenhagen Judith , Wittkowski Helmut , Ludwig Stephan , Roth Johannes
Published: November 2010

H5N1 influenza virus infections in humans cause a characteristic systemic inflammatory response syndrome; however, the molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Endothelial cells (ECs) play a pivotal role in hyperdynamic septic diseases. To unravel specific signaling networks activated by H5N1 we used a genome-wide comparative systems biology approach analyzing gene expression in human ECs infected with three different human and avian influenza strains of high and low pathogenicity. Blocking of specific signaling pathways revealed that H5N1 induces an exceptionally NF-κB–dependent gene response in human endothelia. Additionally, the IFN-driven antiviral program in ECs is shown to be dependent on IFN regulatory factor 3 but significantly impaired upon H5N1 infection compared with low pathogenic influenza virus. As additional modulators of this H5N1-specific imbalanced gene response pattern, we identified HMGA1 as a novel transcription factor specifically responsible for the overwhelming proinflammatory but not antiviral response, whereas NFATC4 was found to regulate transcription of specifically H5N1-induced genes. We describe for the first time, to our knowledge, defined signaling patterns specifically activated by H5N1, which, in contrast to low pathogenic influenza viruses, are responsible for an imbalance of an overwhelming proinflammatory and impaired antiviral gene program.
Antimicrobial Peptides in Gastrointestinal Inflammation
Authors: Jäger Simon , Stange Eduard F. , Wehkamp Jan
Published: November 2010

Acute and chronic inflammations of mucosal surfaces are complex events in which the effector mechanisms of innate and adaptive immune systems interact with pathogenic and commensal bacteria. The role of constitutive and inducible antimicrobial peptides in intestinal inflammation has been investigated thoroughly over the recent years, and their involvement in various disease states is expanded ever more. Especially in the intestines, a critical balance between luminal bacteria and the antimicrobial peptides is essential, and a breakdown in barrier function by impaired production of defensins is already implicated in Crohn's disease. In this paper, we focus on the role of antimicrobial peptides in inflammatory processes along the gastrointestinal tract, while considering the resident and pathogenic flora encountered at the specific sites. The role of antimicrobial peptides in the primary events of inflammatory bowel diseases receives special attention.
Geology of the Colville lake and part of the Ermine map-areas Northwest Territories
Authors: Cook G D , Aitken J D
Published: November 2010

The stratigraphic succession of the area extends from Proterozoic to Upper Cretaceous, and is interrupted by four or more unconformities. The sub-Cambrian and sub-Cretaceous unconformities are the most pronounced whereas the sub-Upper Ordovician and sub-Devonian
unconformites are less obvious. A fifth unconformity may be present between Lower and Upper Cretaceous shale. The Colville Hills and northern part of the Franklin Mountains reflect compressional structures, anticlines and thrust blocks, which apparently developed above a decollement in the shale and
evaporites of the Cambrian Saline River Formation. The greatest economic potential of the area is for oil and gas. Base metal possibilities exist in the Proterozoic rocks, which include basalt flows of the Coppermine River Series, and basid dykes and sills .
Geology and petrology of the Manicouagan Resurgent Caldera, Quebec
Authors: Currie K L
Published: November 2010

The Manicouagan resurgent caldera is an octagonal depression 38 miles across, with a mountain of Precambrian rocks about 4 miles north of the centre. The moat between the mountain and the walls of the depression is partly filled with volcanic rocks of the
Triassic Manicouagan complex. These rocks are composed of varying fractions of alkali olivine basalt mixed with country rocks. The Precambrian rocks beneath the Manicouagan complex, comprising Archean gabbro, anorthosite, mangerite, and charnockite, overlain by Proterozoic quartz feldspar gneisses
containing quartzite- marble- iron-formation pods, have been erratically shock metamorphosed to assemblages containing one or more of the following features: vesicular glass, deformation lamellae, maskelynite, optically anomalous minerals, hornfelsic texture, and metasomatic alteration. Field and
experimental evidence suggest that metamorphism occurred under conditions of very high temperature, moderate pressure, and extremely rapid oscillation of both temperature and pressure. These conditions are deduced to be connected with a hydrogen-rich character of the parent magma.
Structural analysis of the area reveals that a long history of Precambrian deformation preceded formation of the Manicouagan structure. Development of this structure began with strong upwarping in the areas now occupied by Manicouagan and Mouchalagane lakes. Development continued with radial
volcanic blasts followed by subsidence along pre-existing zones of weakness. Doreitic magma was poured out into the depression , and the central mountain rose on the back of intrusions at depth. The structural pattern of the igneous rock sheets agrees with geophysical evidence by indicating that
Precambrian rocks beneath the Triassic igneous rocks are essentially unbrecciated.
Hypotheses supposing the Manicouagan structure to result from or to be initiated by extraterrestrial impact, are considered and rejected as contrary to field evidence.
The geometric form and history of development of the Manicouagan structure are similar to those of resurgent calderas. The structure is concluded to be an unusual variety of resurgent caldera.
Stratigraphy and structural geology of the region surrounding Bunde and Bukken fiords, Alex Heiberg Island, Canadian Arctic
Authors: Fischer B F G
Published: November 2010

The region surrounding Bunde and Bukken fiords on northwestern Axel Heiberg Island, in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, is underlain by a thick (over 6000 m) succession of rocks, consisting primarily of sedimentary strata similar to those that exist elsewhere in
the axial portion of the Sverdrup Basin. Included in this sequence are Cretaceous mafic volcanic flows, pyroclastic units, and lithic clastic strata. Numerous sills and dykes, presumably related to the volcanic activity, cut and thicken the sedimentary package. Compression during the early Tertiary
Eurekan Orogeny gently deformed the strata. There was an extensional event prior to this orogeny, and the resultant normal faults produced a horst, which may have affected the development of the later structures. The orogeny itself is defined as a compressional phase and resulted in the formation of
three large, steeply dipping, reverse faults. The faults have opposing dips and opposing directions of vergence, and are associated with a number of f olds. Horizontal shortening associated with each of these faults is estimated to be in the order of 3 km. Typically, the Permian carbonates are
juxtaposed over Triassic sandstones and shales. The zone of detachment for these faults lies within the evaporites of the Otto Fiord Formation. A single normal fault which crosscuts one of the major reverse faults in the study area may represent a third deformational
Geological data and notes on the stratigraphy of the international minerals and chemical company's K 2 Shaft, and the sylvite company of Canada's No. 2 shaft, in the Esterhazy-Rocanville area, southeastern Saskatchewan
Authors: Price L L
Published: November 2010

The IMC KS and Sylvite potash shafts were constructed between the years 1963 and 1970 on the east side of the northern Williston Basin. The Geological Survey of Canada maintained an observer at each site who noted and, where possible, photographed structural and
stratigraphic features in the shaft wall and collected fossil and rock specimens. Fossil locations and details of the lithologies are presented in the geological log, and are related to the geophysical curves in graphic profiles of the shafts. All photographs are listed with accession numbers and a
few are reproduced in this report. A brief geological summary notes some prominent features of the stratigraphy of the area. Most prominent is a southward-oriented salient of Jurassic nonmarine sand overlying a nearby structural ridge and encountered in the shafts as a Jurassic quicksand, which
during construction was mistaken for the ubiquitous water-bearing Cretaceous "Blairmore" sand. Overlying Cretaceous fluvio-deltaic beds are in consequence relatively thin, with an erosional unconformity at their top that marks the beginning of a remarkably complete sequence of transgressive, barrier
island sediments deposited in the advancing Albian epeiric sea. Fischer assays for oil content were run, based on a systematic sampling of the petroliferous Upper Cretaceous "white speckled" shale and adjacent barren shales. A gas chromatography study of the same oil shales (Boyne and Favel
formations) was expanded to embrace a larger interval, and included Lower Cretaceous rocks (to the base of the Joli Fou Formation).
Preliminary Structural Cross - Sections Across Fosheim Peninsula and Axel Heiberg Island, Arctic Archipelago
Authors: Ricketts B D
Published: November 2010

Partially balanced structure cross-sections have been drawn through the Eurekan orogen of west-central Ellesmere Island (Fosheim Peninsula) and central Axel Heiberg Island. Most of the horizontal shortening depicted in the cross-sections is taken up by slip along
the Otto Fiord Formation detachment (evaporites); about 55 km (25-30%) of shortening occurs between Parrish Glacier Thrust and the hanging wall of the Stolz Fault Zone. A pair of ramps beneath Princess Margaret Range is inferred to explain the transfer of slip from an Ordovician detachment to
the Otto Fiord detachment. The effect of Eurekan deformation on the lower Paleozoic Franklinian strata beneath Axel Heiberg Island and the northern half of Fosheim Peninsula is unknown.
Study of Iceberg Scours Across the Continental Shelf and Slope Off Southeast Baffin Island using the Sea Marc I Midrange Sidescan Sonar
Authors: Praeg D , Maclean B , Piper D J W , Shor A N
Published: November 2010

The shelf and slope southeast of Baffin Island were examined along a 280 km long, 5 km swath width Sea MARC I survey fine across water depths of 320 to 2100 m. Variations in the abundance, orientation, size and character of iceberg scours suggest division of the
scoured seabed along the survey fine into four zones: inner, central and outer shelf and upper continental slope. The maximum depth of iceberg scours occurs on the upper continental slope at about 715 m. Ali or most iceberg scours observed are relict and date from an episode of greater iceberg
drafts, probably in the Late Foxe or early Holocene. A gradual decrease in iceberg drafts through time is compatible with features observed along the upper slope to central shelf transect, while a contrast in character between scours of the inner and central shelf suggests a different history,
possibly related to fluctuations in the sill depth of the inner shelf Resolution Basin.
Stratigraphic sections and palynological reports for mesozoic rocks at lake Hazen, Ellesmere island
Authors: Christie R L , McGregor D C , Petryk A A
Published: November 2010

Descriptions of certain stratigraphic sections in Mesozoic rocks, and palynological determinations on samples from the sections, are presented as a supplement to an earlier paper by A.A. Petryk (1969: Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 68-17). The data allow some
refinements in interpretation of local structure; for example Mesozoic beds, and perhaps some of late Paleozoic age, have been thrust over Tertiary coal emasures.
Geology of Smithers map-area, British Columbia
Authors: Richards T A , Tipper H W
Published: November 2010

The Smithers map-area is underlain mainly by the Lower and Middle Jurassic essentially volcanic Hazelton Group, by the Middle and Upper Jurassic mainly sedimentary Bowser Lake Group, by the volcanic and sedimentary Lower Cretaceous Skeena Group, and by the
Tertiary volcanic Endako and Ootsa Lake Groups. The early Jurassic Topley Intrusions cut the lower part of the Hazelton Group and a variety of intermediate to acidic plutons of Laty Cretaceous to Eocene age intrude most older units throughout the area. Structurally the area is dominated by a
multitude of steep normal faults. Few contacts between map-units are unfaulted and these are mainly intrusive of contacts between younger map-units. Folding is comon only in the few sedimentary units and is spatially and genetically related to the Eocene thrust faults.
Geological maps and cross sections of the northern Canadian Cordillera from southwest of Fort Nelson, British Columbia to Gravina island, southeastern Alaska
Authors: Gabrielse H , Taylor G C
Published: November 2010

The cross-sections show the generalized stratigraphic sequence and structural style in the five major tectonic belts of the northern Canadian Cordillera. A restored section from the Interior Platform across the Rocky Mountain Thrust and Fold Belt to the Northern
Rocky Mountain Trench suggests a minimum shortening of supracrustal rocks of about 55 Km with major structures verging to the east. Basement rocks may be involved in the deformation in the region underlain by late Proterozoic Windermere strata. The Northern Rocky Mountain Trench, a locus of
apparently great dextral transcurrent movement separates regions of markedly contrasting stratigraphy and structural style. In the Omineca Belt the earliest and generally dominant structures verge westerly. Crystalline basement is postulated to be at relatively shallow depths under domal
anticlinoria. In the Intermontane Belt competent and massive Mesozoic volcanic rocks are block faulted but commonly only gently folded. Sharply dissimilar structural style between the volcanics and highly deformed overlying sedimentary rocks with easterly verging structures indicates a zone of
decollement at least locally separates the two assemblages. The depth and character of basement in the Intermontane Belt are unknown. Late Mesozoic westerly directed structures are evident in the
Insular Belt and western part of the Coast Plutonic Complex. Elsewhere multiple phases of deformation and plutonism have produced a complicated structural style.
Cretaceous oil shale potential of the prairie provinces, Canada
Authors: Macauley G
Published: November 2010

Four hundred forty-seven samples, obtained from cores and potash shafts penetrating the oil shale beds of the Upper Cretaceous Boyne and Favel Formations (1st and 2nd White Speckled shale zones respectively) at 29 locations across the Prairie Provinces, were
analyzed for total organic carbon (TOC) and subjected to Rock-Eval pyrolysis. Of these, 382 samples from Saskatchewan and Manitoba were analyzed mineralogically by X-ray diffraction.
Both oil shale are thermally immatuer, and ahve not been petroleum source rocks across the Prairie Provinces, except for an area of low maturity in western Alberta. Samples over most of the area contain up to 4% organic carbon which is derived from Type III humic kerogenL above that, total
organic carbon values ranging to 10% are provided by the addition proportionately from 3.0 kg/t/1% TOC in the humic areas to 6.5kg/t/1% TOC were sapropel predominates. Two areas of optimum hydrocarbon yield can be mapped, in the Pasquia Hills of eastern Saskatchewan, and, from limited
data, along the outcrop edge of both units in western Saskatchewan. In both areas, average TOC values may range up to 10% with average hydrocarbon recoveries anticipated in excess of 40 to 50 kg/t (10 to 12.5 US g/t) from both the Boyne and Favel Formations,
Lithologically almost identical, both oil shale zones contain inversely related proportions of a quartz-clay-feldspar mode and a second mode dominated by calcite. Kerogen content increases to a maximum where the modes are essentially equal, or where calcite dominates slightly, but then decreases as
pure limestone is approached. Numerous secondary minerals are present, including zeolites, non-hydrous silicates, sulfates, iron minerals and oxidesm and include many mineral forms differentiated only by varying degrees of hydration. Oxidation minerals are common and are enigmatic to the
preservation of the kerogen: whether such minetals were formed by alteration during deposition and lithoification or are weathering products is not readily evident.
Sedimentology of Arctic fjords experiment : HU 83-028 data report, volume 2
Authors: Syvitski J P M
Published: November 2010

Syvitski, J.P.M. (Compiler) 1984. Sedimentology of Arctic Fjords Experiment: HU 83-028 and HU 82-031 data report, Volume 2. Can. Data Rep. Hydrogr. 0cean Sei. No. 28: 1130p. This is the second series of reports on the "Sedimentology of Arctic Fjords Experiment"
(Geological Survey of Canada project 810042). Some 40 scientist from many different organizations participated in the project. The data they collected have been organized into 20 chapters and includes information on: synoptic oceanography, suspended particu­late mat ter, benthos, boulder transport
due to algae, geochemistry, geotechnical properties, grab and core samples, high resolution deep tow seismic profiles, sidescan sonar profiles, land surveys, instrument moorings, weather, heavy minerals and hydrography.
Geological data compilation for marine areas of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago
Authors:   M.J. O'Connor & Assoc. Ltd.
Published: November 2010

In 1984 the Atlantic Geoscience Centre determined that there was a need for a compilation of the voluminous amounts of scientific data have been produced by the private and public sectors pertaining to the marine areas of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. The
majority of the information to be assembled was related to the geological, geophysical and geotechnical properties of the unconsolidated sediments and shallow bedrock materials underlying and immediately adjacent to the marine areas. In addition to the earth sciences data, supplementary information
documenting bathymetry, data acquisition techniques and sea ice distribution was also included. The present report provides a comprehensive compilation of all available data developed over the period 1943 to 1984. Sources of the data included goverr1ment and university publications, technical
journals, newsletters, conference proceedings, environmental impact statements, unpublished reports and proprietary petroleum industry studies. The main body of the report ls comprised of the annotated bibliography containing 589 individual references. Use of the bibliography facilitated by a
subject/geographic index. Listings and indices that did not conform with the bibliographic format are enclosed as appendices. A total of 31 Canadian Hydrographic Service Charts (1:500 000) showing the boundaries of marine and related studies, locations of seabed samples and track plots of government
and' industry geophysical surveys complete the report.
Cretaceous and Paleogene history of the western Canadian Cordillera
Authors: Nelson J
Published: November 2010

Cretaceous and Paleogene volcanism in the Canadian Cordlllera was distinctly episodic, and had a spatial distribution that varied significantly through time. The following. major episodes can be distinguished: 1) Lower Cretaceous and earlier volcanism in the
Coast Plutonic Complex that overlies a basement composed of Wrangellia and the Alexander Terrane (Gravina-Nutzotin-Gambier suite) 2) Albian to Cenomanian, mainly terrestrial volcanism in the Cordilleran interior to as far east as Crowsnest Pass in the south and Faro in the Yukon (Spences
Bridge-Crowsnest-Mt. Nansen-South Fork suite) 3) Santonian to (earliest) Paleocene volcanism concentrated immediately east of the Coast Pluton!c Complex and in a wide belt in the central Yukon (Kingsvale-Kasalka-Brian Boru-Carmacks suite). 4) Eocene volcanism in southem British Columbia, which forms
the northeast
CASC Fortran IV interactive computer program for Correlation And Scaling in Time of biostratigraphic events
Authors: Agterberg F P , Oliver J , Lew S N , Gradstein F
M , Williamson M A
Published: November 2010

This report provides documentation of the CASC computer program for Correlation And SCaling in time of stratigraphie events. The CASC source code in Fortran IV is provided on a 5¼ inch double sided, double density diskette for reading on an IBM Persona! Computer.
A data base for Cenozoic foraminiferal stra tigraphic events in 24 wells on the Labrador Shelf and Grand Banks is provided on a second diskette together with a Fortran IV version of the RASC computer program for ranking and scaling of stratigraphie events which is needed to generate the complete
CASC input. CASC consists of three parts: (1) Optimum Sequence CASC; (2) Distance CASC; and (3) Multiwell Comparison. Options (1) and (2) use RASC ranking and scaling results respectively, to estimate probable locations of stratigraphie events or isochrons in wells. Results for up to five wells can
be shown simultaneously by using Option (3) together with error bars to express the uncertainty in these probable locations.
Distribution of Lithologic Components On the eastern Scotian Shelf
Authors: Fricker A , Aust G
Published: November 2010

Major lithologic components, selected minor constituents and statistics on sand beds have been contour-mapped using data from the Canstrrat east-coast file, for the area 42°N - 46°N, 57°W - 63°W. Vertical distributions of some of the minor
constituents are shown as histograms which represent the data summed for all the available wells. The maps and histograms use seven regional formation levels, which in the case of the older levels are composites of two or three formations. Data and picks were available for approximately ninety
wells.
Geochemical Investigation of Carboniferous Oil Shales Along Rocky Brook, western Newfoundland
Authors: Macauley G
Published: November 2010

Nine samples of oil shale from the Carboniferous Rocky Brook Formation along Rocky Brook in western Newfoundland were analyzed by Rock-Eval Pyrolysis. In conjunction with preciously published data, various parameters were cross-plotted and interpreted along with
other measured data to determine more accurately the thermal maturation levels and petroleum tield potential of these oil shale beds.
Thermal maturation of these Type I kerogens appears to vary from almost immature to moderately mature, well into the oil generation window, varying with the amount and distribution of the kerogen within each particular bed. Where TOC content exceeds 5%, petroleum potential is above the generally
accepted 40 l/t minimum for economic interest. Beds containing less than 4% TOC exhibit a wide range of yields and in same cases may be attractive along with the more prolific zones.
Organic geochemistry of Albert Formation oil shales in the Dover-Boudreau area, New Brunswick
Authors: Macauley G , Ball F D
Published: November 2010

Seventy-seven samples of Albert Formation oil shale from four coreholes in the Dover-Boudreau area were analyzed by RockEval pyrolysis. These data were integrated with 184 Rock-Eval analyses from four other available sources to provide a comprehensive geochemical
assessment of the area. Oil shales in the Frederick Brook facies occur as high yield laminated marlstone, as poor quality clay marlstone and as intermediate yield dolomite marlstone. Oil shales are only sporadic in the coarse elastic dominated Hiram Brook facies, are present as low yield beds in the
shale dominated Downing Creek facies and are absent from the Dawson Settlement facies of fine and coarse elastics and from the Round Hill conglomerates. Kerogen appears to be dominantly Type I lamalginite, although either Type II matrix bituminite (amorphous kerogen) or Type I kerogen more thermally
matured than the lamalginite can be interpreted to be present. Lamalginite in the Dover area is marginally mature whereas the matrix bituminite is at a low degree of thermal maturation within the oil generation window. Equivalent oil shale lithotypes at Boudreau are slightly less mature than at
Dover. Mineral matrix effects in low organic content beds may cause thermal maturation at lower temperatures than for highly organic-rich lamalginites and generated bitumen may then obscure the interpretation of Rock-Eval parameters. The best petroleum generation potential is in the Albert Mines
Zone, approximately 15 m thick in the Dover area, where yields in excess of 100 kilograms/tonne are encountered.
Organic geochemistry of some Cambro-Ordovician outcrop samples, western Newfoundland
Authors: Macauley G
Published: November 2010

Based on the mapping of previous investigators, samples were collected from surface exposures of Cambra-Ordovician strata in western Newfoundland. Sampled intervals included the Middle Ordovician Table Head Group, The Lower Ordovician Green Point Group, the
Cambra-Ordovician Humber Arm Group and undivided Carnhro-Ordovician beds. All samples were then geochemically analyzed by the Rock-Eval Pyrolysis technique. Black shales of the Green Point Group were found to be the best potential petroleum source beds, containing up to 8% Type II organic carbon
of marginal thermal maturity. Some Humber Arm and undivided Cambra-Ordovician beds contain in excess of 1.5% low maturity kerogen and may also be of interest as potential source beds.
Sedimentology of the Goldenville-Halifax Transition in the Tancook Island area, South Shore, Nova Scotia
Authors: Waldron J W F
Published: November 2010

The Cambro-Ordovician Meguma Group is a thick succession of sandy turbidites (Goldenville Formation) overlain by black slates (Halifax Formation) in the Meguma Terrane of Nova Scotia. At the Goldenville-Halifax transition in the Mahone Bay area several distinct
members are recognized. The sediments are metamorphosed at low grade and deformed into sub-horizontal folds with axial planar cleavage. Strain markers on bedding surfaces indicate strain ratios in the range 1.7 - 2.0. The New Harbour Member of the Goldenville Formation consists of massive sandstones
with very minor slates. The sandstones were probably deposited by high-concentration turbidity currents. The Tancook Member overlies the New Harbour Member; it consists of alternating sandstones and slates. The sandstones include classical turbidites with Bouma sequences, massive sandstones,
laminated to massive sandstones, and internally scoured sandstones. Paleocurrent data (corrected for strain) indicate flow towards the north and west. Bioturbation structures, particularly Teichichnus spreiten, become common towards the top of the member, indicating a decline in the frequency of
turbidity currents. The vertical succession of facies suggests that external factors such as sea-level change in the source area were important in controlling sand input. The overlying Mosher's Island Member consists of grey green laminated slates and argillites with no trace fossils and only
low-amplitude ripple cross-lamination. Chlorite flakes visible in thin-section represent primary grains and may be of volcanic origin. Mn-rich carbonate beds and concretions are common; some carbonates formed early in diagenesis. Manganese was probably concentrated in anoxic waters within the
sedimentary basin and precipitated as oxide under marginally oxidising conditions. Subsequent diagenetic reduction of Mn and oxidation of organic matter led to the precipitation of carbonate. The highest strata exposed are dark carbon-rich slates and siltstones with abundant pyrite, assigned to the
Cunard Member of the Halifax Formation. They are interpreted as fine-grained turbidites deposited under anoxic conditions.
Sedimentology of Arctic fjords experiment: data report, volume 3
Authors: Syvitski J P M , Praeg D B
Published: November 2010

This is the third data report in a series on SAFE, the Sedimentology of Arctic Fjords Experiment (Geological Survey of Canada Project #810042). Contributions from over 15 researchers are presented in 15 chapters, which include information on inter-fjord and
coastal surveys, prodelta investigations, manned submersible observations, sedimentologic, geotechnical and geochemical examinations of cores, and
airphoto interpretations.
Complete ray tracing Fortran77 routines
Authors: Klimes L
Published: November 2010

A self-consistent system of FORTRAN77 routines for the complete ray tracing in 3-D inhomogeneous structures with curved interfaces is presented. The complete ray tracing is understood to mean the standard ray tracing supplemented by the dynamic ray tracing and
the evaluation of the reduced vectorial complex-valued amplitudes. The model is composed of "complex" geological blacks separated by interfaces consisting of several smooth surfaces. The distribution of material parameters (P and S wave velocities, density, P and S wave attenuation factors) within
each complex block must be smooth. The model may be expressed in Cartesian or curvilinear coordinates. The description of the subroutines, input and output data may be found within the corresponding FORTRAN77 source code files.
Norman Wells Pipeline Monitoring Sites Ground Temperature Data File: 1989
Authors: Burgess M M , Naufal J A
Published: November 2010

The Terrain Sciences Division of the Geological survey of Canada (GSC), Department of Energy, Mines and Resources (EMR), cooperates with the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs (INAC) and Interprovincial Pipe Line Ltd. (IPL), in a project to monitor the
ground thermal regime along the Norman Wells to Zama pipeline. The project forms part of a larger Permafrost and Terrain Research and Monitoring Program established to improve on impact evaluation and mitigation on the Norman Wells and future northern pipelines. The ground thermal regime study is
designed to examine the affects of the construction and operation of the Norman Wells pipeline on permafrost and terrain conditions and to evaluate the approaches used to minimize terrain disturbance. The project focuses on 13 main monitoring sites representing a cross section of the terrain
conditions encountered by the buried, "ambient" temperature, oil pipeline as it traverses the discontinuous permafrost zone. The monitoring sites established during the construction period are instrumented with multithermistor cables to measure pipe temperatures and ground temperatures both on and
off the right-of-way to depths of 20 m. Since pipeline operation began in April 1985, additional cables have been installed to instrument 1) five thaw settlement sites drilled by IPL in 1986, 2) additional boreholes drilled at existing government monitoring locations, and 3) deep (>90 m)
boreholes drilled for climate change studies along the pipeline corridor. This report is a collection of the data gathered in 1989 from all cables at the EMR/INAC monitoring sites, in total over 145 cables. The period covered includes the fifth thaw season since operation began. Average volume of
oil moved from Norman Wells in 1989 was 4805 m3/day, approximately design capacity.
Nahanni, NWT, Strong Motion Records: 1985 - 1989
Authors: Weichert D H , Horner R B , Munro P S , Wetmiller R
J , Baldwin R E , Plouffe M
Published: November 2010

Following a magnitude M5 6.6 earthquake in the North Nahanni River area of the Northwest Territories of Canada in October 1985, three accelerographs were installed near the centre of the aftershock activity. Until the end of 1985, these instruments were triggered
by 60 aftershocks, including a second large earthquake, M56.9, on 23 December 1985. Accelerations recorded from this and three of the larger earthquakes in 1985 have been published in a previous Open File and have been widely circulated because of the large peak acceleration of over 2 g on the
vertical component at site 1. Additional accelerographs were installed at two sites during 1986 and 1987, and were triggered by another 45 events; most records were produced at the original three sites. In this report we present copies of ail film records that were obtained until the removal of the
last instruments in the summer of 1989. This comprises a total of 157 records, mostly from 90 confirmed aftershocks. In addition to the earlier published six 3-component digital records, another 13 records were digitized and processed digitally. The selection criterion was a peak acceleration of
over 0.1 g regardless of duration, or peaks over 0.05 g with appreciable strong motion lasting longer than 1.5 sec. For these records we present plots of instrument-corrected, anti-aliased and fùtered accelerations, velocities and displacements, as well as Fourier amplitude spectra of
acceleration, and velocity response spectra. For the smaller records, approximate peak accelerations scaled from the filin records are tabulated, together with an indication of signal character. The large number of relatively well-determined epicentral locations allows the determination of a
distance attenuation relation over the first ten to thirty kilometres, which behaves approximately as x·25 The large peak accelerations at site 1 for the 23 December 1985 earthquake fit this attenuation if a rupture at 4km depth is postulated, perhaps directly under site 1. It is in any case
unlikely to result from anomalous site response since, on the average, distance-corrected accelerations recorded at this site are smaller than those at site 2.
Cibles d'exploration dans la ceinture métasédimentaire, province de Grenville, région de Mont-Laurier, Québec [SNRC 31J/2, 3 et 6]
Authors: Corriveau L , Morin D , Boggs K
Published: November 2010

Les levés cartographiques au 1:50000 (SNRC 31J/2, 3 et 6), conduits par la Commission géologique du Canada dans la Ceinture métasédimentaire de la Province de Grenville du Québec, ont mis en évidence la présence de
métallotectes intéressants, soit: (1) la présence d'une quartzite à bronzite, cordiérite, komérupine et tourmaline avec de la pyrite, de la pyrrhotine et de la chalcopyrite en trace (coordonnées UTM: 478250m E, 5131970m N, zone 18), un métallotecte
possiblement équivalent à la quartzite alumineuse de Montauban (potentiel en sulfures massifs et aurifère); (2) un lamprophyre ultrapotassique avec des xénolites exotiques provenant de diverses parties de la lithosphère (potentiel diamantifère); (3) une zone de
cisaillement ductile avec fractures cassantes tardives montrant une concentration en sulfures de fer et en tourmaline anormalement élevée pour la région (potentiel aurifère); et (4) des intrusions mafiques litées avec quelques affleurements d'horizons ultramafiques contenant
localement des traces de chalcopyrite (potentiel en EGP). La zone de cisaillement, le lamprophyre et les intrusions litées ont déjà été décrits et localisés (Corriveau et Jourdain, 1992).
Search for PdP phases and doublet earthquakes using the Yellowknife, N.W.T. Array
Authors: Buchbinder G G R
Published: November 2010

Data from the recently upgraded short-period Yellowknife array (NWT, Canada) were searched over the period from November 1989 to July 1990 for the distance range from about 70°to 85° for evidence of PdP phases (Davis and Weber, 1990 and Weber and Davis,
1990). The search resulted in 51 seismograms for earthquakes from three widely separated geographical regions: Peru, Mariana Islands and Hindu Kush. None of the events had seismograms that exhibited a phase that is broadly consistent with the earlier reported Pdp phase (Weber and Davis, 1990) in
respect to both travel time and slowness and with respect to the JB travel time tables and a discontinuity 243 km above the core mantle boundary ( cmb). Although several other seismograms in the set did show apparent secondary arrivals shortly following P, either their travel-time or their slowness
were inconsistent with the Pdp hypothesis. For the Peru events the average delay was 5 s and 50% showed doublets. A doublet earthquake is here defined as an aftershock that . has essentially (within a few tens of km) the same epicenter as the mainshock but that occurs between 2 and 15 seconds
after. For the Mariana Islands events the average delay was 6.5 s and 63% had doublets. Of the Hindu Kush earthquakes in the data set, 37% were followed by doublets with an average delay of 4 s. The secondary arrivals for these events are identified as aftershocks based on the fact that they
had slownesses that were insignificantly different from those of the initial P phases. The doublet interpretation is confirmed for two cases by identification of a phase with the same time delay at other Canadian seismic stations.
Late quaternary faulting in the Rouge River Valley, southern Ontario: seismotectonic or glaciotectonic?
Authors: Adams J , Dredge L , Fenton C , Grant D
R , Shilts W W
Published: November 2010

A GSC team examined exposures of folded and faulted bedrock and Quaternary sediments in the Rouge River Valley of metropolitan Toronto, reported to ex­hibit evidence for neotectonic faulting (Mohajer et al., 1992; Geology, v. 20, p. 1003-1006). While the
published descriptions are basically sound, we consider their interpretation to be open to dispute. From an examination of mechanisms which could account for the folding and faulting, we believe that glaciotectonic processes are su:fficient to explain the observed features, in which case they have
no seismotectonic implications. If, in the unlikely case they represent seismogenic faulting, their antiquity suggests that ??hey have little relevance for determining the likelihood of future large earthquakes in the region.
The 1956 June 03 Arctic margin earthquake off Borden Island, Northwest Territories
Authors: Adams J , Penney H
Published: November 2010

The earthquake of 3 June 1956 on the Arctic margin of Canada, north­west of Borden Island, has been briefly studied during a reappraisal of instru­mental data of some Canadian earthquakes. The revised parameters are: lat­itude 79.83°N±0.20°,
longitude 116.99°W±l.0°, crustal depth (18±18 km), H = 05h 19m 26.6s U.T., and magnitude mb 5.7, Ms 5.4. The epicentre is unlikely to be more accurate than ±20 km. This is the second largest earthquake known from the Arctic margin of Canada.
Seismograms for historic Canadian earthquakes: the 1 March 1925 Charlevoix-Kamouraska, Quebec earthquake
Authors: Bent A L
Published: November 2010

For those who are interested in studying historie earthquakes, collecting the data often proves to be the most difficult and most time consuming aspect of the project. For the large 1925 Charlevoix-Kamouraska (Quebec) earthquake, records from 20 regional and
teleseismic seismograph stations have been assembled by past and present seismologists at the Geological Survey of Canada in Ottawa. This paper catalogs the data set, and briefly describes the seismograms in the collection to assist those who may study this earthquake in the near or distant future.
Many of the body waves have been digitized for a waveform analysis study; these data files may be obtained from the GSC.