bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Individualized risk prediction of significant fibrosis in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease using a novel nomogram
Authors: Zhou Yu-Jie , Ye Fang-Zhou , Li Yang-Yang , Pan Xiao-Yan , Chen Ying-Xiao , Wu Xi-Xi , Xiong Jiao-Jiao , Liu Wen-Yue , Xu Shi-Hao , Chen Yong-Ping , Zheng Ming-Hua
Published: July 2019

Background

Fibrosis is deemed to be a pivotal determinant of the long‐term prognosis in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Objective

We aimed to develop a novel nomogram‐based non‐invasive model to accurately predict significant fibrosis in patients with NAFLD.

Methods

We designed a prospective cohort study including 207 patients with biopsy‐proven NAFLD. Detailed anthropometric and fibrosis‐related laboratory parameters were collected. A nomogram was established based on variables that were independently associated with significant fibrosis identified by the logistic regression model. Then it was compared with aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐platelet ratio index (APRI), NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), FIB‐4 and BARD score. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed according to area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC), sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and decision curve analysis.

Results

Variables included in the nomogram were: waist‐to‐height ratio, hyaluronic acid, procollagen‐III‐peptide, chitinase‐3‐like protein 1, and cytokeratine‐18 neoepitope M65. The discrimination ability of the nomogram (AUROC = 0.829, 95%CI 0.755–0.904) was significantly superior to APRI (AUROC = 0.670, 95%CI 0.563–0.777), NFS (AUROC = 0.601, 95%CI 0.480–0.722), FIB‐4 (AUROC = 0.624, 95%CI 0.511–0.736) and BARD (AUROC = 0.579, 95%CI 0.459–0.699) for significant fibrosis (all p < 0.05). The nomogram showed a larger net benefit to aid in decision‐making as to whether biopsy is required.

Conclusions

This novel nomogram was more accurate, and achieved higher net benefit than APRI, NFS, FIB‐4 and BARD to detect significant fibrosis. It can be useful as a non‐invasive method to screen ≥F2 fibrosis in the overall population with NAFLD.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Mating Intelligence Scale in Iran
Authors: Najarpourian Samaneh , Samavi S. Abdolvahab
Published: July 2019

The cognitive abilities that are necessary to make mating interactions effectively have been described as “Mating Intelligence.” This is an evolutionary construct that has just recently initiated to receive practical consideration. This research work investigated the psychometric properties of the Persian translation of the Mating Intelligence Scale in Iran. A total of 760 male and female heterosexual participants (380 for each sex) were recruited from colleges. Participants completed a self-reported questionnaire and they also reported some demographic information such as age and their qualification degrees and major. The male and female version of the Geher and Kaufman Mating Intelligence Scale were used to gather data. We performed a confirmatory factor analysis to confirm the structure of the original version of both scales. The values of fitness indicators show that in both samples, the model benefits from good fitness. The results show that the scale and its subscales in both samples have proper reliability coefficients. In general, the use of the mating intelligence questionnaire is appropriate regarding the Iranian population due to the excellent validity and reliability and can be used in screening and therapeutic and educational situations.
Primary outcomes of the VIDI study: phase 2, double-masked, randomized, active-controlled study of ASP8232 for diabetic macular edema
Authors: Nguyen Quan Dong , Sepah Yasir J. , Berger Brian , Brown David , Do Diana V. , Garcia-Hernandez Alberto , Patel Sunil , Rahhal Firas M. , Shildkrot Yevgeniy , Renfurm Ronny W. ,   the VIDI Research Group
Published: July 2019

Background

ASP8232 is a potent and specific small molecule vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) inhibitor. This study evaluated the effect of ASP8232 on excess retinal thickness when given alone or in combination with ranibizumab in patients with center-involved diabetic macular edema (CI-DME).

Methods

This was a phase 2a, placebo and sham-injection controlled, double-masked, randomized, parallel-group clinical trial. Participants were patients with CI-DME and central subfield thickness (CST) ≥ 375 µm in the study eye as assessed by spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Eligible patients were randomized to (1) daily oral ASP8232 40 mg monotherapy; (2) combination therapy of daily oral ASP8232 40 mg and monthly intravitreal ranibizumab 0.3 mg; or (3) monthly intravitreal ranibizumab 0.3 mg monotherapy. The treatment period was 12 weeks. CST and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were assessed at baseline and at Weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 24. The primary outcome was the mean percent change from baseline in excess CST at Week 12. Secondary outcomes were BCVA, safety and tolerability, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of ASP8232.

Results

After 12 weeks, the mean (95% confidence interval) percent change in excess CST was 11.4% (− 15.0%, 37.8%) in the ASP8232 group, − 61.7% (− 86.1%, − 37.2%) in the ASP8232/ranibizumab group, and − 75.3% (− 94.8%, − 55.8%) in the ranibizumab group. The change from baseline in the two ranibizumab arms was statistically significant (P < 0.001) as was the difference between the ranibizumab groups and the ASP8232 group (P < 0.001). Mean (SD) increase in BCVA score from baseline was 3.1 (7.3) in the ASP8232 group, 5.2 (7.1) in the ASP8232/ranibizumab group, and 8.2 (9.5) in the ranibizumab group. The increase from baseline in BCVA score was statistically and clinically significant in the ranibizumab group compared with the ASP8232 group (P = 0.015). ASP8232 resulted in near complete inhibition of plasma VAP-1 activity whilst ranibizumab had no effect.

Conclusions

Near complete inhibition of plasma VAP-1 activity with ASP8232 had no effect on CST in patients with CI-DME. Furthermore, combination therapy did not provide additional benefit to treatment with ranibizumab alone, which significantly reduced CST and improved BCVA.

Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov; NCT02302079. Registered on November 26, 2014
3D seismic geometry quality control and corrections by applying machine learning
Authors: Jiang Wenbin , Zhang Jie , Bell Lee
Published: July 2019

Seismic geometry quality control (QC) and corrections are crucial but labor-intensive steps in seismic data preprocessing. Current methods to estimate the correct positions of sources and receivers are usually based on the first-break traveltimes, which may contain large errors, thereby affecting the accuracy of the results. We have applied a deep convolutional neural network to identify shots and receivers that have position error, and we searched for the correct position. Once an error in position is identified by scanning data, a grid search for the correct location is conducted and the result is evaluated by the system until an optimal position is found. The network is trained on 3200 training sets from real data that have been corrected by the traditional method. Through cross validation on 800 sets, the classifier achieves a precision of 99.5% and a recall rate of 1. The final errors between the true positions and corrected positions are less than 10% of the shot spacing. An uncorrected real data experiment reveals that the proposed machine-learning method for geometry QC and correction provides similar results to the conventional manual correction approach but without human interference. Because the wavefield pattern of the training data for this purpose is global, there is no need to train the system again when applying the method to correct receiver position or process another data set. This claim is verified with different real data.
Introduction to this special section: Exploration geophysics in China
Authors: Li Yongyi , Miao Xiaogui , Huo Shoudong , Ma Jianwei , Cao Danping
Published: July 2019

China ranks second and third in global oil and natural gas consumption, and fifth and sixth in global oil and natural gas production, respectively ( U.S. EIA, 2018 ). In the past 25 years, China's oil consumption has increased 3.5 times, and natural gas consumption is rising rapidly as well. China is increasing its investment in the petroleum industry, with a goal of significantly expanding domestic oil and gas production. Complex geology, rough surface conditions, and the need to explore deep targets, unconventional resources, and offshore reservoirs pose great challenges to geophysical exploration. Geophysical technologies in China thus have advanced significantly in data acquisition, processing, and interpretation. To demonstrate the development and applications of geophysical technologies in the exploration, development, and production of oil and gas resources, we invited academic and industry experts to present recent studies on exploration geophysics in China.
Simultaneous vibroseis data separation through sparse inversion
Authors: Song Jiawen , Li Peiming , Qian Zhongping , Zhang Mugang , Sun Pengyuan , Wang Wenchuang , Ma Yuanming
Published: July 2019

Compared with conventional seismic acquisition methods, simultaneous-source acquisition utilizes independent shooting that allows for source interference, which reduces the time and cost of acquisition. However, additional processing is required to separate the interfering sources. Here, we present an inversion-based deblending method, which distinguishes signal from blending noise based on coherency differences in 3D receiver gathers. We first transform the seismic data into the frequency-wavenumber-wavenumber domain and impose a sparse constraint to estimate the coherent signal. We then subtract the estimated signal from the original input to predict the interference noise. Driven by data residuals, the signal is updated iteratively with shrinking thresholds until the signal and noise fully separate. We test our presented method on two 3D field data sets to demonstrate how the method proficiently separates interfering vibroseis sources with high fidelity.
Reviews
Authors: Treitel Sven , Bartel David
Published: July 2019

Computational Statistics in the Earth Sciences with Applications in MATLAB, by Alan D. Chave, ISBN 978-1-107-09600-4, 2017, Cambridge University Press, 464 p. Timefulness: How Thinking Like a Geologist Can Help Save the World, by Marcia Bjornerud, ISBN 978-0-691-18120-2, 2018, Princeton University Press, 224 p.
Optimal Dynamic Allocation of Attention
Authors: Che Yeon-Koo , Mierendorff Konrad
Published: July 2019

We consider a decision maker (DM) who, before taking an action, seeks information by allocating her limited attention dynamically over different news sources that are biased toward alternative actions. Endogenous choice of information generates rich dynamics: the chosen news source either reinforces or weakens the prior, shaping subsequent attention choices, belief updating, and the final action. The DM adopts a learning strategy biased toward the current belief when the belief is extreme and against that belief when it is moderate. Applied to consumption of news media, observed behavior exhibits an “ echo-chamber” effect for partisan voters and a novel “ anti-echo-chamber” effect for moderates. (JEL D72, D83, D91, L82)
Missing Growth from Creative Destruction
Authors: Aghion Philippe , Bergeaud Antonin , Boppart Timo , Klenow Peter J. , Li Huiyu
Published: July 2019

For exiting products, statistical agencies often impute inflation from surviving products. This understates growth if creatively-destroyed products improve more than surviving ones. If so, then the market share of surviving products should systematically shrink. Using entering and exiting establishments to proxy for creative destruction, we estimate missing growth in US Census data on non-farm businesses from 1983 to 2013. We find missing growth (i) equaled about one-half a percentage point per year; (ii) arose mostly from hotels and restaurants rather than manufacturing; and (iii) did not accelerate much after 2005, and therefore does not explain the sharp slowdown in growth since then. (JEL E23, E31, L14, L15, O30, O41)
Breast microcalcifications: the UK RCR 5-point breast imaging system or BI-RADS; which is the better predictor of malignancy?
Authors: Metaxa Linda , Healy Nuala A , O’Keeffe Sylvia A
Published: July 2019

Objective:

In the UK RCR 5-point breast imaging system (UKS), radiologists grade mammograms from 1 to 5 according to suspicion for malignancy, however unlike BI-RADS, no lexicon of descriptors is published. The aim of this study was to determine whether strict categorisation of microcalcifications (MCC) according to BI-RADS was a better predictor of malignancy than the UKS and whether these descriptors could be used within the UKS.

Methods:

A retrospective review of 241 cases, with MCC on mammography, who underwent biopsy was performed. Morphology, distribution, extent, UKS score, BI-RADS category and pathology were recorded. The positive predictive value (PPV) of each classification system for malignancy was calculated.

Results:

28.6% were diagnosed with DCIS/IDC. The PPV for malignancy using the UKS was 18.9%, 69.4%, 100% for M3-5 respectively (p < 0.001) and using ΒI-RADS morphology was amorphous: 7.1%, coarse heterogeneous: 33.3%, fine pleomorphic: 48.1% and fine linear/fine linear branching: 85.2% (p < 0.001). The PPV based on distribution was grouped: 14.2%, regional: 32.3%, diffuse: 33.3% and linear/segmental: 77.8% (p < 0.001). Combining all cases of benign-appearing, amorphous and grouped coarse heterogenous and grouped fine pleomorphic MCC gave a PPV of 12.8%. Combining regional, linear or segmental coarse heterogenous and fine pleomorphic and all fine linear/branching MCC resulted in a PPV of 83.3% for malignancy.

Conclusion:

Combining morphology and distribution of MCC is accurate in malignancy prediction. Use of BI-RADS descriptors could help standardise reporting within the UKS and an algorithm using these within the UKS is proposed. Better prediction would enable more appropriate counselling and help to identify discrepancies.

Advances in knowledge:

No guidance exists on scoring of suspicious MCC in the UK breast imaging system. Use of BI-RADS morphologic/distribution descriptors can aid malignancy prediction. Findings other than morphology of MCC are important in malignancy prediction. An algorithm for use by the UK radiologist when evaluating MCC is provided.
Molecular Identification of Vancomycin Resistance and Virulence Genes in Foodborne Enterococci
Authors: MUS T. E. , CETINKAYA F. , CIBIK R. , DEGIRMENCI G. , DILER F. B.
Published: July 2019

The study was performed to determine the presence of vancomycin phenotyping genes and some virulence traits in enterococci species. For this purpose, a total of 42 enterococci including 6 vancomycin-resistant and 36 vancomycin-susceptible strains originated from meat/meat products and milk/dairy products were assessed for the vanA, vanB and vanC genes and agg, esp, gelE, ace and efaA virulence genes by using polymerase chain reaction or multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The vanA gene was found in 12% (n=5) of the strains and vanC gene in 50% (n=21). From these, three vanA- (E. faecalis, E. durans, E. casseliflavus) and two vanC-positive (E. durans) strains had a minimum inhibitory concentration of > 256 μg/ml as previously determined with the E-test. The strains expressing vancomycin susceptibility originating from ready-to-eat food were found to carry vanA (n=1) and vanC (n=5) genes. On the other hand, the vanB gene was not detected among strains. Moreover, no strain was found to harbor virulence traits studied. Our results indicated that resistant or susceptible enterococci from foods of animal origin can be a possible reservoir for resistance genes and may have a potential role for transfer of genetic elements among enterococci or to other bacteria. Furthermore, to develop epidemiological surveillance systems for foodborne antibiotic resistant pathogens as vancomycin-resistant enterococci and their genes responsible for resistance, primarily vanA, vanB, continues to be an essential issue all around the world. The present work provides data for foodborne enterococci isolates harboring vanA gene from Turkey.
Effect of chitosan coating on the shelf life of ready-to-eat bovine meatballs and the control of Listeria monocytogenes growth on their surface during refrigeration storage
Authors: ANTONIADOU D. , GOVARIS A. , AMBROSIADIS I. , SERGELIDIS D.
Published: July 2019

Edible chitosan coating on the surface of ready-to-eat (RTE) bovine meatballs was evaluated for its effect on their shelf life and the control of Listeria monocytogenes at 5 °C. L. monocytogenes was inoculated onto the surface of RTE bovine meatballs with and without edible chitosan coating. The samples were stored at 5 °C. Total aerobic viable count (TVC) and the bacterial counts of L. monocytogenes, lactic acid bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae were determined on days 0,1,7,14,21 and 28. The sensory characteristics were also evaluated at the same time spots by semi trained panelists. The results of the microbiological analysis depicted that the use of edible chitosan membranes reduced all of the microbial populations that were enumerated, and retarded their growth leading to the conclusion that they can prolong the shelf life of these products by 14 days. Moreover, the population of the inoculated L. monocytogenes was about 2 log CFU/g lower in the meatballs coated with chitosan, indicating an inhibitory effect of chitosan in the growth of L. monocytogenes. The sensory analysis showed that the samples coated with chitosan were satisfactorily accepted by the panelists even at day 28, in contrast to the samples without chitosan (control samples) which were unacceptable at day 14. These results indicate that edible chitosan coatings represent a potential agent in controlling L. monocytogenes on the surface of RTE meatballs as well as other RTE meat products, prolonging their shelf life without affecting their sensory characteristics.
The survivin gene expression in neoplastic hepatocytes from chickens infected with Marek’s virus
Authors: NASIRI R. , GHOLAMI-AHANGARAN M. , EBADI P.
Published: July 2019

P53 protein is one of the main proteins in apoptosis pathway. The role of survivin protein in inhibition of P53 in different human cancers has been proved. The expression of survivin can be a main marker in diagnosis and prognosis of different human cancer. Until now, the survivin gene expression in birds infected with Marek’s disease was not investigated. In this study, liver tissue samples of chickens infected with Marek’s disease virus (MDV) was collected. The identification of MDV was carried out with PCR and histopathologic examination. After identification of MDV, the pathogenicity of infected virus was investigated with specific primers targeted on 132 bp tandem repeat. After this, the survivin gene expression was examined in neoplastic liver samples by Real-Time PCR. The PCR amplification of tumor liver samples showed that all samples were infected with MDV. The result of histopathology and amplification of 132 bp tandem repeat in tumor samples showed that the chickens were infected to pathogenic MDV. Results showed that the survivin gene expression in neoplastic hepatocytes was significantly higher than normal hepatocytes. In conclusion, survivin gene expression can be utilized as a suitable biomarker in diagnosis of Marek’s disease in birds. It seems that viral meq oncogene in Marek’s disease can play role in induction of survivin expression in this disease that it is necessary to be proved.
Physicochemical, Technological and Sensory Properties of Chicken Meatballs Processed with Dietary Fibers
Authors: KILINCCEKER O. , TAHSIN YILMAZ M.
Published: July 2019

In this study, raw chicken meatball samples were incorporated with apple, lemon and pea fibers at different concentrations (0, 4, 8 and 12%). Their physicochemical properties were evaluated at different refrigerated storage time spots (1st, 5th and 10th days) while the fried samples were investigated with respect to their color, technological and sensory properties. The results revealed that the physicochemical properties of raw samples were significantly (P <0.05) affected by fiber type and concentration within the storage periods while color, technological and sensory properties of the fried samples were also significantly changed (P <0.05) according to the fiber type and concentration. Thiobarbutiric acid reactive substance values of raw samples incorporated with the fibers were observed to be lower than those of the control samples at the end of the storage period, indicating that fiber addition could delay lipid oxidation increasing their storage stability. Fiber addition affected the brightness (L* values), redness (a* values) and yellowness (b* values) of both the raw and fried samples. Regarding technological properties of the fried samples, fiber addition generally increased (P <0.05) frying yield, and moisture retention values up to 4%, followed by a decrease at further concentrations. Meatball diameter decreased by addition at level of 4% for all fiber types, but further increase in the fiber concentration did not decrease these values. The maximum fat retention was observed in the fried samples incorporated with the apple and lemon fibers at 12 % concentration. Sensory properties were affected by fiber concentration up to 8%, which constituted the highest tolerated concentration. As a result, fiber addition positively affected the physicochemical and technological properties of the meatballs, but this affect was strongly related to the fiber type and its concentration.
Stability and flexibility in chromatin structure and transcription underlies memory CD8 T-cell differentiation
Authors: Diao Huitian , Pipkin Matthew
Published: July 2019

The process by which naïve CD8 T cells become activated, accumulate, and terminally differentiate as well as develop into memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is central to the development of potent and durable immunity to intracellular infections and tumors. In this review, we discuss recent studies that have elucidated ancestries of short-lived and memory CTLs during infection, others that have shed light on gene expression programs manifest in individual responding cells and chromatin remodeling events, remodeling factors, and conventional DNA-binding transcription factors that stabilize the differentiated states after activation of naïve CD8 T cells. Several models have been proposed to conceptualize how naïve cells become memory CD8 T cells. A parsimonious solution is that initial naïve cell activation induces metastable gene expression in nascent CTLs, which act as progenitor cells that stochastically diverge along pathways that are self-reinforcing and result in shorter- versus longer-lived CTL progeny. Deciphering how regulatory factors establish and reinforce these pathways in CD8 T cells could potentially guide their use in immunotherapeutic contexts.
History of Western European philosophy: from Antiquity to the Renaissance
Authors: Панищев Алексей , Panischev Aleksey
Published: July 2019

The textbook reveals the key themes of the history of philosophical thought of Antiquity, the Middle ages and the Renaissance. The purpose of the manual is not only to present the content of various philosophical concepts, but also to promote the intellectual and spiritual growth of students. It is no coincidence that Cicero stressed that philosophy is the most fertile field for the cultivation of the human mind.
The publication will be useful for students of higher education, studying the history of philosophy, which as an academic discipline
contained in the curriculum of any specialty, as well as students
systems of secondary special education.
Features of work with children with disabilities of preschool age
Authors: Гайченко Светлана , Gaychenko Svetlana , Иванова Ольга , Ivanova Ol'ga
Published: July 2019

The manual presents educational materials on the organization of activities of teachers with children of preschool age in the conditions of inclusion. The educational and methodical manual is addressed to a wide range of preschool education workers, as well as students, undergraduates, graduate students and students of advanced training and retraining, enrolled in the programs "Preschool pedagogy and psychology", "Pedagogy and methodology of preschool education", "Tutor in preschool education".
Technology of individual production and repair of footwear
Authors: Леденева Ирина , Ledeneva Irina
Published: July 2019

The basic questions of production of footwear by individual orders, including orthopedic, and also repair of footwear of various methods of fastening are considered. The information about the features of each process is presented. Medical bases of orthopedic supply are covered. The equipment, tools and materials used are described.
The faculty Senate
Authors: Резник Семен , Reznik Semen , Антонов Александр , Antonov Aleksandr , Вдовина Ольга , Vdovina Olga , Двоеглазов Владимир , Dvoeglazov Vladimir , Игошина Ирина , Igoshina Irina , Коротков Эдуард , Korotkov Eduard , Кревский Игорь , Krevskiy Igor' , Логинова Надежда , Loginova Nadyezhda , Маскаева Асия , Maskayeva Asiya , Панов Илья , Panov Ilya , Сазыкина Ольга , Sazykina Ol'ga , Филиппов Кирилл , Filippov Kirill , Шестернина Ольга , SHyestyernina Olga , Черниковская Марина , Chernikovskaya Marina , Черницов Алексей , Chernicov Aleksey
Published: July 2019

The textbook is devoted to the activities of the Dean's corps of higher educational institutions. The chapters of the book are combined into five modules: the faculty and its head in the University management system, technology management faculty, management of economic and legal activities, management of educational programs, monitoring and evaluation of the faculty.
Special attention in the new saniutele computerize the activities of faculty working in the electronic information educational environment.
The textbook is intended for deans and their deputies, methodical workers of deans, reserve for nomination, but will also be useful to all management personnel of higher educational institutions.
ENSEÑANZA DE LA MATEMÁTICA PARA LA JUSTICIA SOCIAL EN CURSOS DE POSTGRADUACIÓN
Authors: Molfino Verónica , Ochoviet Cristina
Published: July 2019

En este trabajo reportamos las reacciones de un grupo de profesores de matemática cursando estudios de postgraduación en modalidad virtual, al solicitárseles diseñar una secuencia de enseñanza desde la perspectiva de la Enseñanza de la Matemática para la Justicia Social, para ser aplicada en la formación de profesores de matemática. Las evidencias recogidas dejan entrever las dificultades de los participantes para la comprensión de la perspectiva, así como para desarrollar diseños de enseñanza desde ella. El trabajo en foro de discusión permitió sortear algunas de estas dificultades debido a que las intervenciones de los participantes y de las docentes del curso aportaron retroalimentación que favoreció la reflexión crítica y el diseño creativo de situaciones de enseñanza.
USOS DE LA OPTIMIZACIÓN DE INGENIEROS EN FORMACIÓN: EL ROL DE LA INGENIERÍA MECATRÓNICA Y DE LA OBRA DE LAGRANGE
Authors: Cordero Francisco , Del Valle Tamara , Morales Astrid
Published: July 2019

La enseñanza de la optimización habitualmente se ha convertido en un proceso mecánico y desprovisto de argumentaciones: en general son ignorados sus usos en situaciones específicas de otras disciplinas, tales como la ingeniería. Con la Teoría Socioepistemológica, hacemos una investigación empírica donde se problematiza la epistemología de usos para valorar la justificación funcional que demandan otros dominios de conocimiento. Analizamos aspectos de la obra Mecánica Analítica de Lagrange y del trabajo de ingenieros mecatrónicos. Se definió a ingenieros en formación como la comunidad de estudio, y se sustenta la emergencia de una situación específica de selección así como sus usos y significados de la optimización. La metodología consistió en la técnica de análisis documental y en entrevistas semiestructuradas. Se encontró que las situaciones de selección generan significaciones y argumentaciones de optimización.
Diagnostic accuracy of alpha-defensin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the clinical evaluation of painful hip and knee arthroplasty with possible prosthetic joint infection
Authors: Kleiss S. , Jandl N. M. , Novo de Oliveira A. , Rüther W. , Niemeier A.
Published: July 2019

Aims

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the synovial alpha-defensin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) in the work-up prior to revision of total hip (THA) and knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Patients and Methods

Inclusion criteria for this prospective cohort study were acute or chronic symptoms of the index joint without specific exclusion criteria. Synovial fluid aspirates of 202 patients were analyzed and semiquantitative laboratory alpha-defensin ELISA was performed. Final diagnosis of PJI was established by examination of samples obtained during revision surgery.

Results

Sensitivity and specificity of the alpha-defensin ELISA for PJI were 78.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) 66.7 to 88.5) and 96.6% (95% CI 93.0 to 99.3). Positive and negative predictive values were 89.6% (95% CI 80.6 to 97.8) and 92.2% (95% CI 87.5 to 96.1). The test remained false-negative in 22% of septic revisions, most of which were due to coagulase-negative staphylococci all occurring in either late-chronic or early-postoperative PJI.

Conclusion

The routine use of synovial fluid alpha-defensin laboratory ELISA in the preoperative evaluation of symptomatic THAs and TKAs is insufficient to accurately diagnose PJI. Particularly in cases involving low-virulence organisms, such as coagulase-negative staphylococci, there remains a need for tests with a higher sensitivity. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:970–977.
Classification systems for platelet-rich plasma
Authors: Rossi L. A. , Murray I. R. , Chu C. R. , Muschler G. F. , Rodeo S. A. , Piuzzi N. S.
Published: July 2019

There is good scientific rationale to support the use of growth factors to promote musculoskeletal tissue regeneration. However, the clinical effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and other blood-derived products has yet to be proven. Characterization and reporting of PRP preparation protocols utilized in clinical trials for the treatment of musculoskeletal disease is highly inconsistent, and the majority of studies do not provide sufficient information to allow the protocols to be reproduced. Furthermore, the reporting of blood-derived products in orthopaedics is limited by the multiple PRP classification systems available, which makes comparison of results between studies challenging. Several attempts have been made to characterize and classify PRP; however, no consensus has been reached, and there is lack of a comprehensive and validated classification. In this annotation, we outline existing systems used to classify preparations of PRP, highlighting their advantages and limitations. There remains a need for standardized universal nomenclature to describe biological therapies, as well as a comprehensive and reproducible classification system for autologous blood-derived products.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:891–896.
‘Worse than death’ and waiting for a joint arthroplasty
Authors: Scott C. E H. , MacDonald D. J. , Howie C. R.
Published: July 2019

Aims

The EuroQol five-dimension (EQ-5D) questionnaire is a widely used multiattribute general health questionnaire where an EQ-5D < 0 defines a state ‘worse than death’ (WTD). The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of patients awaiting total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in a health state WTD and to identify associations with this state. Secondary aims were to examine the effect of WTD status on one-year outcomes.

Patients and Methods

A cross-sectional analysis of 2073 patients undergoing 2073 THAs (mean age 67.4 years (sd 11.6; 14 to 95); mean body mass index (BMI) 28.5 kg/m2 (sd 5.7; 15 to 72); 1253 female (60%)) and 2168 patients undergoing 2168 TKAs (mean age 69.3 years (sd 9.6; 22 to 91); BMI 30.8 kg/m2 (sd 5.8; 13 to 57); 1244 female (57%)) were recorded. Univariate analysis was used to identify variables associated with an EQ-5D score < 0: age, BMI, sex, deprivation quintile, comorbidities, and joint-specific function measured using the Oxford Hip Score (OHS) or Oxford Knee Score (OKS). Multivariate logistic regression was performed. EQ-5D and OHS/OKS were repeated one year following surgery in 1555 THAs and 1700 TKAs.

Results

Preoperatively, 391 THA patients (19%) and 263 TKA patients (12%) were WTD. Multivariate analysis identified preoperative OHS, deprivation, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in THA, and OKS, peripheral arterial disease, and inflammatory arthropathy in TKA as independently associated with WTD status (p < 0.05). One year following arthroplasty EQ-5D scores improved significantly (p < 0.001) and WTD rates reduced to 35 (2%) following THA and 53 (3%) following TKA. Patients who were WTD preoperatively achieved significantly (p < 0.001) worse joint-specific Oxford scores and satisfaction rates one year following joint arthroplasty, compared with those not WTD preoperatively.

Conclusion

In total, 19% of patients awaiting THA and 12% awaiting TKA for degenerative joint disease are in a health state WTD. Although specific comorbidities contribute to this, hip- or knee-specific function, mainly pain, appear key determinants and can be reliably reversed with an arthroplasty. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:941–950.
Hubungan Kualitas Tidur dengan Nyeri Kepala Primer pada Masyarakat Daerah Pesisir Desa Nusalaut, Ambon
Authors: HABEL PRISKILLA ROSSE GRATIA , SILALAHI PARNINGOTAN YOSI , TAIHUTTU YUNIASIH
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Sleep disorders and primary headaches (NKP) is a common disease in the community and both relate reciprocally. Some of the factors associated with  the  onset  of  primary headache include poor sleep quality, fatigue, change in temperature. Coastal communities are groups of people who have high risk factors for developing such disorders. This study aimed to explore the relationship between quality of sleep and primary headaches in coastal communities in Nusalaut  which never held backward.

Methods: Data was collected by using a cross sectional study conducted in communities in Nusalaut amounted to 190 people with data retrieval techniques cluster random sampling. Quality of sleep was assessed by The Pitssburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), while primary headache was assessed by questionnaire and Ong BK KH HO-C. Descriptive analysis to determine the characteristics of the subject while the correlation between sleep quality with primary headache is done by Spearman correlation test.

Results: The results showed there is a significant association between factors such as gender, age and type of work with quality bedding and primary headaches while between quality of sleep and primary headaches do not have a meaningful correlation with the strength of the correlation was very weak (p = 0.323).  

Conclusion: there was no significant correlation between quality of sleep and primary headaches.
Sensitivitas Metode Pemeriksaan Mikroskopis Fluorokrom dan Ziehl-Neelsen untuk Deteksi Mycobacterium tuberculosis pada Sputum
Authors: SURYAWATI BETTY , SAPTAWATI LELI , PUTRI ASTARI FEBYANE , APHRIDASARI JATU
Published: July 2019

Background: Detection of fast acid bacteria (FAB) using smear microscopy is used as a primary screening for tuberculosis diagnosis. Previous studies have shown that fluorochrome (Auroamine-rhodamine) staining showed better sensitivity compared to Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) method in the detection of FAB in sputum. However this method has not been recommended for routine use including in Indonesia. This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of fluorochrome compared to ZN to detect FAB in patient’s sputum.

Methods: This study analyzed 60 sputum samples from patients with tuberculosis and suspected pulmonary tuberculosis. Samples were obtained consecutively from microbiology laboratory Moewardi Hospital, Indonesia. Each sample was examined using ZN and fluorochrome staining and cultured in Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium. Data were analyzed using sensitivity and spesificity tests.

Results: ZN staining detected FAB in 12 samples (10%), while fluorochrome detected FAB in 17 samples (28%). The sensitivity and specificity of ZN staining were 70% and 90% while these for fluorochrome were 90% and 84%.

Conclusions: The sensitivity of fluorochrome staining is better compared to ZN staining. This method can be recommended for early detection of tuberculosis.

 
Population-based observational study of acute pancreatitis in southern England
Authors:   PanWessex Study Group,   on behalf of the Wessex Surgical Trainee Research Collaborative, Mirnezami Alex , Knight Ben , Moran Brendan , Noble Fergus , Branagan Graham , Primrose John , Pearson Katherine , West Malcolm , Curtis Nathan , Pucher Phil , Cuttress Ramsey , Pugh Sian , Underwood Tim
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Acute pancreatitis is a common surgical emergency. Identifying variations in presentation, incidence and management may assist standardisation and optimisation of care. The objective of the study was to document the current incidence management and outcomes of acute pancreatitis against international guidelines, and to assess temporal trends over the past 20 years.

Methods

A prospective four-month audit of patients with acute pancreatitis was performed across the Wessex region. The Atlanta 2012 classifications were used to define cases, severity and complications. Outcomes were recorded using validated systems and correlated against guideline standards. Case ascertainment was validated with clinical coding and hospital episode statistics data.

Results

A total of 283 patient admissions with acute pancreatitis were identified. Aetiology included 153 gallstones (54%), 65 idiopathic (23%), 29 alcohol (10%), 9 endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (3%), 6 drug related (2%), 5 tumour (2%) and 16 other (6%). Compliance with guidelines had improved compared with our previous regional audit. Results were 6.5% mortality, 74% severity stratification, 23% idiopathic cases, 65% definitive treatment of gallstones within 2 weeks, 39% computed tomography within 6–10 days of severe pancreatitis presentation and 82% severe pancreatitis critical care admission. The Atlanta 2012 severity criteria significantly correlated with critical care stay, length of stay, development of complications and mortality (2% vs 6% vs 36%, P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

The incidence of acute pancreatitis in southern England has risen substantially. The Atlanta 2012 classification identifies patients with severe pancreatitis who have a high risk of fatal outcome. Acute pancreatitis management is seen to have evolved in keeping with new evidence and updated clinical guidelines.
Inovação Pedagógica de Base Tecnológica e qualidade na gestão da Educação Básica
Authors: Ramalho Bethania Leite , Núñez Isauro Beltrán
Published: July 2019

Este artigo discute a relação entre inovação tecnológica, qualidade na condução da Educação Básica obrigatória e o papel inovador que ocupa o Sistema Integrado da Gestão da Educação-SIGEduc nas escolas estaduais do Rio Grande do Norte/RN, Brasil. Vivendo, atualmente, momentos críticos, a escola depara-se com o desafio de superar os preceitos e rotinas da chamada escola tradicional, com vistas às novas demandas de um mundo em constante transformação. Nesse sentido, o que deve ser ensinado e aprendido no âmbito da educação escolar passa, também, por necessárias inovações tecnológicas e pedagógicas afim de motivar alunos e professores em torno das aprendizagens de conhecimentos e habilidades inerentes à etapa da escolarização obrigatória. O cenário de insucesso das aprendizagens, revelado nas avaliações nacionais do SAEB/INEP expõe o fracasso dessa política onde a escola, a família e a sociedade são partes e ao mesmo tempo vítimas da ineficiência da educação escolar entregue pela esfera pública. Dessa feita, um dos efeitos bem visíveis recai na incapacidade do Estado garantir ao estudante o direito dele aprender os conhecimentos e as habilidades básicas da escolarização obrigatória na escola em que frequentam e adquirir as oportunidades para tornar-se um cidadão pleno.   Apoiada na literatura, em estatísticas oficiais e em vivências frente à  Secretaria Estadual de Educação e Cultura -SEEC/RN, entre 2011 e 2014, o presente estudo traz à tona uma reflexão teórica, metodológica e contextualizada a respeito da ITBP e apresenta os avanços do SIGEduc como ferramenta provedora de uma nova cultura de gestão técnica, administrativa e pedagógica do sistema estadual de ensino do RN, que envolve 167 municípios, 608 escolas, mais de 30 mil servidores (professores e técnicos administrativos). Trata-se de uma pesquisa mais ampla que vem sendo desenvolvida, de modo colaborativo, na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, por meio do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, do Mestrado em Inovação e Tecnologias Educacionais do Instituto Metrópole Digital e a SEEC/RN.
MONITORING DYNAMIC DEFORMATION OF SHUTTLE STEEL SHELVES BY DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY
Authors: Yu Chengxin , Zhang Guojian , Ding Xinhua , Zhao Yongqian , Guo Guangli
Published: July 2019

Shuttle steel shelves (steel shelves equipped with shuttles) are popular in modern logistics. The safety of shuttle steel shelves is an issue due to the complicated dynamic load that develops when the shuttles are in operation. As deformation is an important index of structural safety, this study uses a DPS (digital photography system) based on the PST-IM-MP (photograph scale transformation-image matching-motion parallax) method to monitor shuttle steel shelves: a digital camera (SONY350) was used to monitor the dynamic deformation of shuttle steel shelves when the shuttles began to move, accelerated, moved at constant speed, decelerated and stopped. Then, the deformation trends of the shuttle steel shelves were depicted to study the moving trajectory in a local area. Moreover, we analysed the stresses in the shuttle steel shelves based on these monitoring data. The results showed that the PST-IM-MP method can meet the accuracy requirements in monitoring the dynamic deformation of steel shelves as the maximum and minimum measurement errors were 0.74 pixels and 0.34 pixels in the comprehensive direction, respectively. The shuttle steel shelves were robust because the deformations were elastic and within the allowed10mm. Shear and tension stresses developed in the shuttle steel shelves when the shuttles were in operation. Thus, in the future DPS will become popular for monitoring shuttle steel shelves in real time to warn of possible dangers and mitigate hazards. Additionally, the monitoring data can be used to study the stability of the shuttle steel shelves to improve the related stability design theory.
CALCULATION MODEL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SEDIMENT EROSION OF SLOPE UNDER EXTERNAL-SOIL SPRAY SEEDING
Authors: Li Can , Zhou Haiqing , Song Qianghui , Liu Yang , He Yixin
Published: July 2019

Due to the current lack of theoretical study on rain erosion of the slope under external-soil spray seeding, the calculation model applicable to slope sediment erosion under external-soil spray seeding was derived from hydraulics theory and energy method. Designed slope scouring test on indoor model, conducted 3 separate scouring tests under 3 different slope rates (1:0.75, 1:1, 1:1.25) and 3 different rainfall intensities (120, 150, 180mm/h). The rationality of the calculation model was verified by the experimental data. Meanwhile, also analysed the developing regularities of slope erosion and relationship among sediment erosion, rainfall duration, rainfall intensity and slope rate. The results show that the relative error between the theoretical value and measured data is within 18%, and the calculation model can accurately predict the sediment erosion of the slope under external-soil spray seeding to some extent; the slope under external-soil spray seeding is lack of erosion resistant ability, and the slope erosion is mainly rill erosion and layered surface erosion; the amount of sediment erosion is positively correlated with rainfall intensity and slope rate. The relationship between growth rate and rainfall duration basically remained the same during the first 20 minutes, and then gradually decreased.
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS ABOUT BLASTING EFFECT OF DIGITAL DETONATOR AND MILLISECOND DETONATOR IN UPPER AND LOWER CROSS TUNNELS
Authors: Luo Gang , Pan Shao-kang , Jia Hang-hang , Zhang Yu-long , Chen Liang
Published: July 2019

In order to study on the vibration effect of the blasting in the upper and lower cross tunnels, depress the impact of blasting vibration on existing adjacent tunnel and acquire the sound way of tunnel blasting construction, the finite element software LS-DYNA was adopted to calculate what vibration effect of existing tunnel would be generated by the different detonation modes (simultaneous initiation and hole-by-hole initiation) and the different cut modes (parallel cut and oblique cut). In general, the results of numerical simulation compared with the results measured in real, they are generally consistent. Results show that the vibration velocity of hole-by-hole initiation of digital electronic detonator is 40% lower than ordinary simultaneous initiation of millisecond detonator, and the vibration acceleration is reduced by 24%. As regards vibration displacement, the distinction between the two detonation modes is small. The rule of velocity decay with increasing distance from the initiating position is similar in this two cases. Meanwhile, the vibration velocity of oblique cut is lower than parallel cut. But, for the vibration acceleration, the oblique cut is 15% higher than parallel cut. For oblique cut, the seismic waves show a pronounced periodicity and the energy is relatively concentrated. The fact is quite opposite when the parallel cut applied. In the case of explosion of hard rock strata, the effect of oblique cut is better than parallel cut.
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF FRP-STRENGTHENED REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES
Authors: El-Mahdy Osama , Hamdy Gehan , Abdullah Moustafa
Published: July 2019

Fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) strengthening systems are mainly used to retrofit existing and deficient structural members. The performance of such strengthened structures at elevated temperatures is a critical issue that threatens the safety of the structure. Published research includes experimental testing of reinforced concrete (R.C) beams strengthened using FRP and subjected to fire tests. However, there is a need for numerical tools that simulate the performance of these FRP-strengthened elements in case of fire. This research work presents numerical modelling and nonlinear analysis conducted to assess the performance of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with externally bonded carbon FRP sheets when subjected to standard fire conditions. Finite element model using the general purpose software ANSYS 12.1 is developed and validated with experimental results published in the literature by other researchers.The developed finite element model achieved good correlation with the experimental results. Further, application of the validated finite element model is extended into a parametric study to explore the influence of different variables on the performance of the FRP system when subjected to fire. Different aggregate types, moisture contents, concrete cover thickness, insulation material types and insulation material thickness are included in the study. The developed finite element model is thus regarded a valid and economical alternative to experiments for prediction of the performance of FRP strengthened and insulated R.C beams under fire conditions. Additionally, it can be used for estimation of the fire rating of such structures as well as for design of adequate fire protection layers.