bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Mediator kinase module serves as a positive regulator of salicylic acid accumulation and systemic acquired resistance
Authors: Huang Jianhua , Sun Yulin , Orduna Alberto R. , Jetter Reinhard , Li Xin
Published: February 2019

In plants, the calmodulin‐binding transcription activators (CAMTAs) are required for transcriptional regulation of abiotic and biotic stress responses. Among them, CAMTA3 in Arabidopsis has been intensively studied and shown to function redundantly with CAMTA1 and CAMTA2 to negatively regulate plant immunity. The camta1/2/3 triple mutant accordingly exhibits severe dwarfism due to autoimmunity. Here, through a suppressor screen using camta1/2/3 triple mutant, we found that a mutation in Cyclin‐Dependent Kinase 8 (CDK8) partially suppresses the dwarfism and constitutive resistance phenotypes of camta1/2/3. CDK8 positively regulates steady‐state salicylic acid (SA) levels and systemic required resistance (SAR). The expression of SA biosynthesis genes such as ICS1 and EDS5 is down‐regulated in cdk8 mutants under uninfected conditions, suggesting that CDK8 contributes to the transcriptional regulation of these SA pathway genes. Knocking out another Mediator kinase module member MED12 yielded similar defects including decreased steady‐state SA level and compromised SAR, suggesting that the whole Mediator kinase module contributes to the transcriptional regulation of SA levels and SAR.
Sonographic Fetal Death in Goats in Khartoum State, Sudan: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Aban A. S. , Almubarak A. M. , Abass N. A. , Badawi M. E. , Ibrahim M. T. , Abdelghafar R. M.
Published: February 2019

In order to determine the prevalence of fetal mortality and investigate hypothesized risk factors associated with its occurrence in goats, 962 female goats were studied using ultrasound. To diagnose pregnancy and to identify dead fetuses, ultrasound scanning was conducted using real-time machines equipped with a transabdominal curvilinear probe. A questionnaire was supplied for collection of signalment and sampling data. Ultrasound examination revealed that out of 962 female goats, 431 (44.8%) goats were diagnosed as nonpregnant, 88 (9.14%) were pseudopregnant, 4 (0.42%) were diagnosed as having pyometra, and 439 were diagnosed as pregnant (45.63%). Of the 439 pregnant goats, 36 were diagnosed as bearing dead fetuses (8.2%). Season of the year, locality, breed of the dam, age of the dam, parity number, breed of the buck, and feeding type were all found not to be significantly associated with fetal death. It is concluded that ultrasound is a reliable method for diagnosis of fetal death and documenting the prevalence of its occurrence in goats.
Scutellarin Exerts Hypoglycemic and Renal Protective Effects in db/db Mice via the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Liu Yange , Wang Juan , Zhang Xinrui , Wang Li , Hao Tian , Cheng Yanli , Wang Di
Published: February 2019

This study investigated the hypoglycemic and renal protective effects of scutellarin (SCU) in db/db mice and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. The oral administration of metformin hydrochloride (Met) at 120 mg/kg and SCU at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg over an eight-week period had hypoglycemic effects, demonstrated by decreases in body weight, blood glucose, food and water intake, and glycated hemoglobin activity and by augmented insulin levels and pyruvate kinase activity in the serum of db/db mice. SCU alleviated dyslipidemia by decreasing the levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol and enhancing the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the serum of db/db mice. SCU reversed the overexpression of mRNA of renal damage markers (receptor for advanced glycation end products, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and kidney injury molecule 1), macrophage marker CD11b, and T cell marker CD3 in kidney of db/db mice. Pathological examination confirmed that SCU improved the organ structures of hyperglycemia-damaged livers, kidneys, and pancreas islets. Antibody array assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were combined to screen and analyze the regulatory effects of SCU on inflammatory factors and oxidative enzymes. SCU exerted anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (glycogen synthase kinase, intercellular adhesion molecule 2, and interleukin 1βand 2) and promoting anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 4). SCU decreased the reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde concentrations and increased the activity levels of antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) in serum and kidneys. Furthermore, SCU upregulated the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which in turn improved heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase 1 and 2, and catalase expression levels in kidneys. The study showed that SCU has at least partial hypoglycemic and renal protective effects in db/db mice, and the mechanism is the modulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Is a Potential Risk Factor for Juvenile-Onset Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis
Authors: Formánek Martin , Komínek Pavel , Jančatová Debora , Staníková Lucia , Tomanová Radoslava , Vaculová Jana , Urík Milan , Šlapák Ivo , Zeleník Karol
Published: February 2019

Introduction. Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JORRP). Although HPV is common in children, the prevalence of JORRP is low. It is likely that other factors contribute to the pathogenesis of JORRP, during either activation or reactivation of a latent HPV infection. There is evidence that laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) might be such a risk factor for adult-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. This study investigated if LPR might also be a risk factor for JORRP.Materials and Methods.Children with JORRP of the larynx that required microlaryngoscopy at a tertiary referral hospital were included in this prospective case-series study from November 2015 to November 2017. Using immunohistochemistry, HPV infection and pepsin associated with LPR were diagnosed from laryngeal biopsies.Results.Eleven children (aged 4-14 years) were analyzed. No patient had a history of immunodeficiency or tobacco smoke exposure. All patients underwent at least three previous surgeries due to JORRP and had been vaccinated against HPV in the past. Five children were treated using antivirotics and immunomodulators. The only known maternal risk factor was that three mothers were primiparous. All 11 samples were infected with HPV (type 6 or 11). Pathologic LPR was diagnosed in 5/11 children (45.5%).Conclusion.LPR may be a risk factor for JORRP, contributing to its development by activating or reactivating a latent HPV infection. Results are in accordance with those from our previous study in adults.
ILF2 Directly Binds and Stabilizes CREB to Stimulate Malignant Phenotypes of Liver Cancer Cells
Authors: Du Hui , Le Yun , Sun Fenyong , Li Kai , Xu Yanfeng
Published: February 2019

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB) is overexpressed and has an oncogenic role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Interleukin enhancer binding factor 2 (ILF2) has become research hotspot in liver cancer recently. However, it is still unclear whether and how CREB and ILF2 interact with each other. And how this interaction exerts its role in occurrence and development of liver cancer is still unclear. Here, we found that ILF2 directly bound with CREB, and this binding was essential for the malignant phenotypes of liver cancer cells. Moreover, we found that ILF2 acted as one of the upstream proteins of CREB and promoted CREB only in the protein level, whereas ILF2 expression was not regulated by CREB. Mechanistically, ILF2 bound to the pKID domain of CREB and stimulated its phosphorylation at Ser133. Taken together, our study finds a novel interaction between CREB and ILF2 in liver cancer, and this interaction might play a role in the diagnosis and remedy of liver cancer.
Marked Disparities in Pre-Pregnancy Obesity and Overweight Prevalence among US Women by Race/Ethnicity, Nativity/Immigrant Status, and Sociodemographic Characteristics, 2012–2014
Authors: Singh Gopal K. , DiBari Jessica N.
Published: February 2019

This study examines racial/ethnic, nativity, and sociodemographic disparities in the prevalence of pre-pregnancy obesity and overweight in the United States. Logistic regression was fitted to the 2012–2014 national birth cohort data to derive unadjusted and adjusted differentials in pre-pregnancy obesity (BMI ≥30), severe obesity (BMI ≥40), and overweight/obesity (BMI ≥25) prevalence among 10.4 million US women of childbearing age. Substantial racial/ethnic differences existed, with pre-pregnancy obesity rates ranging from 2.6% for Chinese and 3.3% for Vietnamese women to 34.9% for American Indians/Alaska Natives (AIANs) and 60.2% for Samoans. Pre-pregnancy overweight/obese prevalence ranged from 13.6% for Chinese women to 61.7% for AIANs and 86.3% for Samoans. Compared to non-Hispanic whites, women in all Asian subgroups had markedly lower risks of pre-pregnancy obesity, severe obesity, and overweight/obesity, whereas Samoans, Hawaiians, AIANs, blacks, Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and Central/South Americans had significantly higher risks. Immigrant women in each racial/ethnic group had lower rates of pre-pregnancy obesity than the US-born. Sociodemographic risk factors accounted for 33–47% of racial/ethnic disparities and 12–16% of ethnic-immigrant disparities in pre-pregnancy obesity and overweight/obesity. Further research is needed to assess the effects of diet, physical inactivity, and social environments in explaining the reported ethnic and nativity differences in pre-pregnancy obesity.
Geometric Morphology of the Coracoacromial Ligament: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Demir Mehmet , Güneri Bülent
Published: February 2019

The coracoacromial ligament (CAL), which restrains superior displacement of humeral head, connects the acromion and coracoid process. Due to the ligament’s variations and its role in shoulder pain, CAL was investigated in this study. Sixty shoulders of 34 cadavers, from persons aged 61-98 (80.95 ± 8.81) years at death time, were dissected. The lengths of lateral (LBL) and medial borders (MBL), widths of acromial (AIW) and coracoid insertions (CIW), and thicknesses of lateral (LSTAI) and medial (MSTAI) sides of acromial insertions were measured by digital caliper. The data were subjected to statistical analysis. 24 (40%) V-shaped, 12 (20%) broad-banded, 9 (15%) quadrangular, 9 (15%) Y-shaped, and 6 (10%) multiple-banded types were identified. The mean total LBL, MBL, AIW, CIW, LSTAI, and MSTAI were 34.94 ± 4.59 mm, 33.58 ± 5.31 mm, 29.82 ± 9.48 mm, 12.62 ± 3.95 mm, 1.29 ± 0.17 mm, and 0.90 ± 0.22 mm, respectively. The mean LBL (39.12 ± 4.29 mm), MBL (36.48 ± 3.9 mm), and CIW (37.01 ± 3.39 mm) were significantly greatest in quadrangular type (p<0.001). The mean AIW was slightly greatest in quadrangular type (p=0.069). The mean LSTAI was significantly greatest in multiple-banded type (1.45 ± 0.10 mm, p<0.001) whereas the mean MSTAI was significantly greatest in quadrangular type (1.23 ± 0.23 mm, p<0.001). CAL is quite variable regarding morphology, dimensions, and insertion features. Despite common knowledge, MSTAI and MBL of CAL can be greater than lateral counterparts in some types. To obtain complete release of CAL at acromion, the clearance of ligament fibers in an area with the dimensions of around 16 mm in mediolateral and 15 mm in anteroposterior direction, beginning from the lateral edge of acromial insertion, is recommended.
Patterns of Odonata Assemblages in Lotic and Lentic Systems in the Ankasa Conservation Area, Ghana
Authors: Seidu Issah , Nsor Collins Ayine , Danquah Emmanuel , Tehoda Paul , Oppong Samuel K.
Published: February 2019

Our study examined Odonata assemblages distribution pattern and the predictive factors that accounted for this in the lotic and lentic water systems within the Ankasa Conservation Area (Ghana). A total of 23 sites with sampling protocol of 2 researchers per hour per sampling site were used to survey Odonata species over two seasons in the three water bodies (streams, rivers, and ponds). Broken stick model, individual-based rarefaction, and Renyi diversity ordering were employed to quantify community assemblages. Ordination technique was also used to determine the Odonata-environmental relationship. A total of 1403 individuals, belonging to 47 species (22 Zygoptera and 25 Anisoptera) in six families, were recorded. Species richness (Hc = 3.414, p = 0.169) and diversity (Hc = 1.661, p = 0.44) generally did not differ among the three water systems. However, from individual sites, ponds appeared mostly diverse (α-scale = 0.04, Renyi index (r) = 5.86 to α = 3.5, r = 3.12), in spite of their lowest species abundance and richness. At the suborder level, ponds equally exhibited the highest Anisoptera species richness (9.90 ± SE 0.640) compared with Zygopterans (0.80± SE 0.291). Overall, Anisopterans (K= 16.51, p= 0.00026) and Zygopterans richness (K= 16.39, p= 0.00023) differed significantly among the three subsystems, while Odonata composition also differed significantly among the various water bodies (ANOSIM: global R= 0.94, p<0.001). Flow rate, water temperature, channel width, and turbidity were the key predictive factors that influence the structure of Odonata species assemblages. The results highlight the need to improve the functional status of the lentic and lotic systems, with the ultimate goal of conserving diverse Odonata fauna and other sympatric freshwater biodiversity.
Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Uterine Leiomyosarcoma: Trends and Factors Impacting Usage
Authors: Patel Dhara , Handorf Elizabeth , von Mehren Margaret , Martin Lainie , Movva Sujana
Published: February 2019

Objectives. The benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with localized uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS) remains unclear due to a lack of randomized studies and data only from small retrospective series to rely on. We sought to identify factors associated with the administration of chemotherapy and to determine the trends in the usage of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with nonmetastatic uterine LMS. Methods. Patients diagnosed with nonmetastatic uterine LMS between 2004 and 2014 were identified from the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Multiple regression was used to determine factors with a significant impact on patient receipt of chemotherapy. Kaplan–Meier curves and the Cox model were used to determine the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on overall survival (OS). Results. 2,732 uterine LMS patients were identified. Patients older than 65 were less likely to receive chemotherapy than their younger counterparts. Patients with stage I or stage II cancer were less likely to receive chemotherapy, whereas individuals with positive regional lymph nodes and those who had received radiation were more likely. In this cohort, adjuvant chemotherapy had no significant impact on OS (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.90–1.22; P=0.5768). However, administration of chemotherapy significantly increased from 2004 to 2014 (P<0.0001). Conclusions. Expected tumor characteristics such as higher stage of tumor were associated with receipt of chemotherapy. Although adjuvant chemotherapy demonstrated no benefit over observation on OS in patients with nonmetastatic LMS, the number of patients being treated with chemotherapy continued to increase from 2004 to 2014.
Myocarditis Caused by Brucella melitensis in the Absence of Endocarditis: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Lagadinou Maria , Mplani Virginia , Velissaris Dimitrios , Davlouros Periklis , Marangos Markos
Published: February 2019

Brucellosis remains an important public health problem with endemic characteristics in many countries. Brucellosis can affect almost all organs and systems of human body. Cardiac complications are unusual, occurring in less than 2% of patients and usually manifest as endocarditis. We present the case of a 21-year-old Caucasian man, who was admitted to the University Hospital of Patras, Western Greece, with fatigue, fever up to 39°C, and retrosternal pain. Musculoskeletal, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, hematologic, nervous, skin, and mucous membranes and respiratory complications have been reported in several cases of brucellosis. Development of myocarditis is a highly rare complication of brucellosis, particularly in the absence of concomitant endocarditis. Clinicians should be aware of this clinical entity especially in endemic areas as appropriate antibiotic treatment is life-saving and may prevent serious cardiologic disorders.
Concurrent Primary Repair of a Glenoid Labrum Articular Disruption and a Bankart Lesion in an Adolescent: A Case Report of a Novel Technique
Authors: Agarwalla Avinesh , Puzzitiello Richard N. , Leong Natalie L. , Forsythe Brian
Published: February 2019

Glenoid labrum articular disruption (GLAD) lesions are an uncommon concomitant injury associated with labral tears, occurring in 1.5-2.9% of cases. In previous reported cases, the articular lesion is debrided during repair of the labral injury, which may predispose patients to osteoarthritis, a longitudinal complication seen in articular debridement of the hip. We report the case of a 15-year-old healthy adolescent male swimmer who sustained a labral injury with a concomitant GLAD lesion. During operative management, three Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) SutureTaks were placed on the glenoid. #2 FiberWire was used to imbricate capsular tissue, passed beneath the labrum, and was then subsequently advanced through the fibrous rim of the displaced cartilage flap/GLAD lesion at the site of each suture anchor. This construct restored tension to the anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament, recreated the anteroinferior labral bumper, and effectively reduced the cartilage flap/GLAD lesion to the anterior inferior glenoid. By six months postoperatively, the patient demonstrated near-normal function with full range of motion and evidence of a stable construct on MRI. Unlike previously described cases, this is the first report of a hybrid technique that simultaneously performed a primary repair of both labral and articular injuries without the use of additional implants for the articular lesion. Primary repair of the labral and articular lesions should provide longitudinal benefit to the patient by reducing the risk of developing glenohumeral osteoarthritis.
First Report of Hereditary Lysozyme Amyloidosis in a South Asian Family
Authors: Iqbal Madiha , Jani Prachi , Ahmed Salman , Sher Taimur
Published: February 2019

Lysozyme amyloidosis (ALys) is an exceedingly rare autosomal dominant hereditary type of systemic amyloidosis that can be misdiagnosed as other common types of systemic amyloidosis. The gastrointestinal tract and the kidney are the most common sites of organ involvement. No specific treatment exists for ALys, and the management primarily consists of organ-directed supportive care. To our knowledge, this disorder has been previously reported only in European ancestries; here, we first report the occurrence of ALys in South Asian ancestry. This report highlights the need of awareness amongst physicians regarding the extension of this unique and challenging disorder to non-European ancestries.
Effect of eNOS on Ischemic Postconditioning-Induced Autophagy against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Mice
Authors: Shao Jun , Miao Chen , Geng Zhi , Gu Maohong , Wu Yanhu , Li Qingguo
Published: February 2019

Autophagy is involved in the development of numerous illnesses, including ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) participates in the protective effects of ischemic postconditioning (IPostC). However, it remains unclear whether eNOS-mediated autophagy serves as a critical role in IPostC in the hearts of mice, in protecting against I/R injury. In the present study, the hearts of mice with left anterior descending coronary artery ligation were studied as I/R models. H9c2 cells underwent exposure to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) and were examined as in vitro model. IPostC reduced mice myocardial infarct size and improved the structure of the heart. IPostC increased the formation of autophagosomes and increased the phosphorylation of eNOS and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Autophagy and eNOS inhibition suppressed the cardioprotective effects of IPostC. AMPK or eNOS inhibition abolished the improvement effect of IPostC on autophagy. AMPK inhibition decreased eNOS phosphorylation in the heart. Additionally, H9c2 cells suffering hypoxia were used as in vitro model. Autophagy or eNOS inhibition abolished the protective effects of hypoxic postconditioning (HPostC) against H/R injury. AMPK and eNOS inhibition/knockout decreased autophagic activity in the HPostC group. These results indicated that IPostC protects the heart against I/R injury, partially via promoting AMPK/eNOS-mediated autophagy.
Sociocultural Determinants of the Utilization of Maternal Health Care Services in the Tallensi District in the Upper East Region of Ghana
Authors: Dapaah Jonathan Mensah , Nachinaab John Onzaberigu
Published: February 2019

Introduction. The quality maternal health care that women receive during pregnancy and delivery is important for the health of both the mother and the baby. However, most pregnant women do not receive the minimum number of antenatal care (ANC) services (at least 4 times during pregnancy) as recommended by the WHO. This article sought to identify the types of maternal health care services (MHCS) received by women during pregnancy and delivery and after childbirth and women’s reasons for use and nonuse of MHCS. Methods. The study adopted the social survey design where 366 women were sampled using probability sampling technique. The data was collected through the use of questionnaire. Results. The study results revealed that some sociocultural factors such as age, religion, traditional belief system, education, and marital status influence women’s use of MHCS in the Talensi District. In addition, factors such as women’s National Health Insurance Scheme status, distance to health center, and attitude of health care professional determine their utilization of MHCS. To a large extent, these factors influence choice for traditional birth attendants over biomedically-based maternal health care services. Conclusion. The study recommended that there should be education for women on the need for them to utilize MHCS during pregnancy and delivery and after childbirth. Government should organize skill training for traditional birth attendants in the Talensi District.
Optimal Signal Control Algorithm for Signalized Intersections under a V2I Communication Environment
Authors: Han Eum , Lee Hwan Pil , Park Sangmin , So Jaehyun (Jason) , Yun Ilsoo
Published: February 2019

This study aims to develop an optimal signal control algorithm for signalized intersections using individual vehicle’s trajectory data under the vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication environment. The optimal signal control algorithm developed in this study consists of three modules, namely, a phase group length computation module, a split distribution module, and a phase sequence assignment module. A set of analyses using a microscopic simulation model, VISSIM, was conducted for evaluating the effectiveness of the V2I-based optimal signal control algorithm proposed in this study. The analysis results show that the performance of the V2I-based optimal signal control algorithm is superior to the actuated as well as the fixed signal control methods in an isolated intersection and a 2X3 signalized intersection network. In addition, this study investigated the minimum market penetration rate of V2I equipped vehicles for which the V2I-based optimal signal control algorithm is applicable.
Optical and Piezoelectric Properties of Mn-Doped ZnO Films Deposited by Sol-Gel and Hydrothermal Methods
Authors: Vladut Cristina Maria , Mihaiu Susana , Tenea Ecaterina , Preda Silviu , Calderon-Moreno Jose M. , Anastasescu Mihai , Stroescu Hermine , Atkinson Irina , Gartner Mariuca , Moldovan Carmen , Zaharescu Maria
Published: February 2019

Nowadays, multifunctional materials are of high interest due to their ability to be used in different applications by controlling one or two parameters (e.g., morphology and/or dopant). Zinc oxide is an intensive-studied material because of its large usability. Recently, we have shown that the conduction, transparency, and charge carrier concentration of ZnO can be controlled by changing the dopants, leading to promising materials as transparent conductive oxide films. In this work, sol-gel (SG) and hydrothermal (HT) methods were used separately or in combination in order to obtain ZnO films doped with Mn (1, 2, and 5%) for possible application in transparent optoelectronics or as piezoelectric materials. The manganese (Mn) dopant in the form of anhydrous manganese acetate was used to obtain Mn-doped ZnO films. ZnO hydrothermal (HT) growth was made on a previously ZnO seed layer, formed by sol-gel method. The Mn-doped ZnO films were deposited on microscope glass and on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates. A comparative characterization of the films for their structure, morphology, and optical and piezoelectric properties was achieved. SG films exhibit equiaxed nanoparticles, with diameters around 50 nm, while the films prepared by HT show a homogeneous morphology consisting of uniform 1D nanorods, sized about 30 nm diameter and 200–300 nm length. XRD diffractograms evidenced the presence of zincite phase (wurtzite structure hexagonally close packed), with an improvement in crystallinity of the HT films (compared with SG ones), which present a stronger tendency to be oriented along (002) plane (c-axis) at 2% at Mn. Spectroscopic ellipsometry shows that the films obtained by SG are much thinner than the ones obtained by HT and that the refractive index is increasing with the percent of dopant. The band gap energy was found to decrease with the Mn doping level from 3.28 eV (undoped ZnO) to 3.10 eV (ZnO doped with 5 at% Mn) for the samples deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si. The maximum transmission is found for the undoped ZnO film and decreases with Mn concentration but remains over 78% in the visible range. From the piezoelectric tests, it was found that the d33 coefficient is much larger for the HT samples in comparison with the SG samples, especially for 2 and 5 at% Mn. The optical and piezoelectric results could be of interest for applications in optoelectronic or piezoelectric devices.
Association of Bosworth, Pilon, and Open Talus Fractures: A Very Unusual Ankle Trauma
Authors: Moerenhout Kevin , Gkagkalis Georgios , Baalbaki Rayan , Crevoisier Xavier
Published: February 2019

Introduction. A Bosworth fracture-dislocation is a rare lesion resulting in a fixed dislocation of the distal fibula behind the posterior tibial tubercle. Only few cases have been reported showing an associated consequent fracture, namely, a pilon or a medial malleolus fracture. Case Report. We present a case report of a patient with an unusual combination of a Bosworth injury with a pilon fracture and an open multifragmentary talus fracture and our approach for open reduction and internal fixation. At one year postoperative, the patient developed an invalidating tibiotalar and subtalar arthrosis that eventually required an ankle-hindfoot arthrodesis. A Bosworth injury is an infrequent entity and is even rarer when associated with other fractures. Careful preoperative planning is necessary, as the combination of these fractures is a surgical challenge. Special care must be taken to preserve the neurovascular bundle. Discussion. The present case highlights a Bosworth injury involving a severity that has never been described before and suggests adding an eighth stage to the classification presented by Perry et al.
UFL1 Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cell Damage and Inflammation via Regulation of the TLR4/NF-κB Pathway in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells
Authors: Li Chengmin , Li Lian , Chen Kunlin , Wang Yiru , Yang Fangxiao , Wang Genlin
Published: February 2019

In recent studies, UFL1 (ubiquitin-like modifier 1 ligating enzyme 1) has been identified as a significant regulator of NF-κB signaling and cellular stress response, yet its physiological function in LPS-stimulated bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the modulating effect of UFL1 on the regulation of LPS-induced inflammation and cell damage, with a focus on apoptosis, ER stress, autophagy, oxidative stress, and the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. The results showed that UFL1 depletion aggravated the LPS-induced inflammatory response and cell damage by positively regulating the TLR4/NF-κB pathway (increased the expression of TLR4, NF-κB P65 in nuclear, and phospho-IκBα), exacerbating LPS-induced ER stress (increased the expression of CHOP, Hsp70, and GRP78), apoptosis (increased the expression of Bax/Bcl-2 and activity of caspase-3), autophagy (increased LC3-II and decreased P62 expression), and oxidative stress (decreased SOD and CAT levels and increased MDA levels). Overexpression of UFL1 suppressed the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway and relieved the LPS-induced ER stress, apoptosis, autophagy, and oxidative stress, thereby alleviating the inflammatory response and cell damage. Collectively, UFL1 may play an important role during the inflammatory response and thereby acts as a potential therapeutic target for bovine mastitis.
Impact of Helicobacter pylori Infection on Gastric Variceal Bleeding among Patients with Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Elsebaey Mohamed A. , Tawfik Mohamed A. , Elshweikh Samah A. , Negm Manal Saad , Elnaggar Mohammed H. , Alghazaly Ghada Mahmoud , Abd-Elsalam Sherief
Published: February 2019

Background and Aims. Currently, it is well known that Helicobacter pylori- (H. pylori-) related peptic ulcer is one of the main causes of nonvariceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients. However, there is a lack of data to identify the exact effect ofH. pyloriinfection on variceal bleeding. This study was conducted to identify the impact ofH. pyloriinfection on gastric variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients.Patients and Methods. 76 cirrhotic patients with gastric varices were included in this prospective study and divided into 2 groups: nonbleeding gastric varices (32 patients) and bleeding gastric varices (44 patients). The fasting serum gastrin level was measured. Mucosal biopsies from the gastric body and antrum were examined to determine the patterns of gastritis and the presence ofH. pylori.Results. The frequency ofH. pyloriinfection in the studied patients was 59.2%. There were significant differences between both groups regarding liver decompensation (P=0.001), red color sign over gastric varices (P=0.0011), prevalence ofH. pyloriinfection (P=0.0049), histological patterns of gastritis (P=0.0069), and serum gastrin level (P=0.0200). By multivariate analysis, Child C cirrhosis, red color sign over gastric varices, andH. pylori-induced follicular gastritis were independent risk factors for bleeding from gastric varices.Conclusion.H. pylori-induced follicular gastritis is considered as an additional risk factor for bleeding from gastric varices.
Effect of Premedication on the Success of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Patients with Irreversible Pulpitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Karapinar-Kazandag Meric , Tanalp Jale , Ersev Handan
Published: February 2019

Background. Failure in the provision of inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia (IANB) is a significant problem during endodontic treatment of irreversible pulpitis. Various methodologies have been advocated one of which is administration of premedication prior to anesthesia. Despite the considerable number of reports, the topic yet deserves more clarification. This systematic review was conducted to provide an oversight on the effectiveness of premedication prior to IANB in mandibular teeth. Methods. A PubMed and Cochrane Database search was conducted by using MeSH terms inferior alveolar nerve block + pulpitis and mandibular anesthesia+pulpitis. Two reviewers independently performed the screening, selection of papers, and data extraction. Papers in English language that included randomized clinical studies on the impact of different medications on the success of inferior alveolar block anesthesia in irreversible pulpitis were included. Additionally, relevant supporting literature was also used where necessary. Results. Initially, 118 papers were selected from PubMed and 68 were selected from Cochrane. Five additional articles were retrieved from Google Search. Following the elimination of duplicates and irrelevant articles, 35 studies were selected meeting the criteria. It was observed that there was moderate evidence to suggest that some premedications were partially effective for the enhancement of mandibular anesthetic effect in irreversible pulpitis. Conclusion. Though some medications appear to be promising, further supporting research will help highlight this significant topic which requires further clarification.
Gelatinous Siphon Sheath Templates the Starfruit-Shaped Aragonite Aggregate Growth
Authors: Huang Zeng-Qiong , Zhang Gang-Sheng , Tan Yuan
Published: February 2019

Biomimetic synthesis of aragonite with various templates in vitro is an important way to understand the biomineralization process and synthesize nacre-like materials. Herein, we used the siphon sheath from the bivalve Lutraria sieboldii as the substrate for the formation of calcium carbonate. We found that the inner layer of the sheath, which is composed of approximately 40% protein and 60% β-chitin, induced the formation of nearly pure aragonite by the transformation of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC). More surprisingly, unique starfruit-shaped aragonite aggregates were observed on the substrate and were constructed from many adhered, oriented aragonite tablets. We consider that the acid-rich protein from the inner layer of the siphon sheath triggers the formation of ACC, and the swollen β-chitin regulates the transformation of ACC into aragonite by lattice matching and stereochemical recognition. The various surface adhesion energies of the crystal, the change in growth rates on different crystallographic facets, and the hexagonal features of the aragonite tablets led to the formation of starfruit-shaped aragonite aggregates.
Numerical Analysis for U‐Shaped Thin‐Walled Structure Reinforced Timber Beam Based on Thin‐Layer Beam Theory
Authors: Liu Hui , Hu Jun , Li Guohui , Mo Guangying
Published: February 2019

This paper presents a theoretical model, taking into account the shear deformation subjected to the influence of U‐shaped member by geometric parameters as flange height based on thin‐layer beam theory, to analyze the structural bending behavior of U‐shaped member reinforced timber composite beams, and the feasible design forms of U‐section have been pointed out. The algorithm for this composite beam is the most practical and effective method to meet the accurate solution. The formulas for the common forms of U‐section are presented. It aims to develop a rational engineering approach. The proposed model has been validated by comparing the results obtained in the present analysis with experimental results and finite element analysis. Furthermore, the results suggested that the value of flange height can be one‐fifth the beam height based on the present analysis by comparison of two types of beams. And it is shown that the model provided here correlates consistently and satisfactorily with a wide range of timber beams reinforced by a thin‐walled structure such as steel or aluminum alloy sheet bonded to their tension faces.
The Mechanical Properties of a Smart Compression-Type Isolator Based on Magnetorheological Gel and Magnetorheological Elastomer
Authors: Yu Guo-Jun , Wen Xi-Xi , Du Cheng-Bin , Guo Fei
Published: February 2019

In order to control the vibration of civil building structures, a smart extrusion-type isolator was developed based on magnetorheological gel (MRG) and magnetorheological elastomer (MRE). The key technology and performance tests of the isolator were investigated as well as the identification of parameters of the mechanical model. Test results showed that the MRG cylinder has a damping characteristic at high frequency while the MRE cylinder has an isolation characteristic at low frequency. The designed isolator is therefore superior over the traditional isolator since it will show small damping and low dynamic stiffness at a high frequency and small amplitude situation, which can overcome stiffness hardening that occurs on the traditional isolator. Meanwhile, the designed isolator will also have the behavior of large isolation and high dynamic stiffness under the low frequency and large amplitude condition, which has the advantage of realizable displacement control. The uniaxial mechanical model for the MRG/MRE smart isolator was built, and the parameters of the designed vibration isolator were identified. Theoretical results obtained from the mechanical model of the MRG/MRE smart isolator agree well with the experimental results indicating that the parameter identification method is feasible and effective.
Comparison of Optimization- and Rule-Based EMS for Domestic PV-Battery Installation with Time-Varying Local SoC Limits
Authors: Herath Akila , Kodituwakku Supun , Dasanayake Dinithi , Binduhewa Prabath , Ekanayake Janaka , Samarakoon Kamalanath
Published: February 2019

Renewable energy is identified as a solution for the growing future electricity demand. Photovoltaic (PV) is a leading type of renewable energy source used for electricity generation. Among the PV systems, distributed PV systems are becoming popular among the domestic consumers and hence the number of domestic PV installations is on the rise continuously. Intermittent output power variations and inability to use the PV power during the night peak hours are major issues with PV systems. Energy storage is a possible mitigation technique for these issues. In order to effectively utilize local generations, storage, and loads, energy management system (EMS) becomes an essential component in future domestic PV installations. EMS for domestic consumers needs to be inexpensive, while a reasonable accuracy level is maintained. In this paper, optimization problem-based EMS and rule-based EMS were developed and compared to investigate the accuracy and the processing speed, thereby to select a fast and accurate EMS for a domestic PV installation. Furthermore, in the proposed EMS, a day-ahead generation and load profiles are generated from predictions, and thus the battery’s state of charge (SoC) levels over a day is estimated through the EMS. In order to utilize the storage effectively, time-varying local maximum and minimum SoC limits for the battery are introduced, which are inside the global maximum and minimum SoC limits. With the aid of real-PV profiles and typical loading profiles, the EMS was implemented using optimization- and rule-based techniques with local SoC limits. The results verified that the rule-based EMS produced accurate results in comparison to optimization-based EMS with lesser processing time. Further results verified that the introduction of local SoC limits improved the performance of the EMS in the unforeseen conditions.
Relevance of Topographic Parameters on the Adhesion and Proliferation of Human Gingival Fibroblasts and Oral Bacterial Strains
Authors: Pacha-Olivenza Miguel Ángel , Tejero Ricardo , Fernández-Calderón María Coronada , Anitua Eduardo , Troya María , González-Martín M. Luisa
Published: February 2019

Dental implantology allows replacement of failing teeth providing the patient with a general improvement of health. Unfortunately not all reconstructions succeed, as a consequence of the development of infections of bacterial origin on the implant surface. Surface topography is known to modulate a differential response to bacterial and mammalian cells but topographical measurements are often limited to vertical parameters. In this work we have extended the topographical measurements also to lateral and hybrid parameters of the five most representative implant and prosthetic component surfaces and correlated the results with bacterial and mammalian cell adhesion and proliferation outcomes. Primary human oral gingival fibroblast (gum cells) and the bacterial strains: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, implicated in infectious processes in the oral/implant environment were employed in the presence or absence of human saliva. The results confirm that even though not all the measured surface is available for bacteria to adhere, the overall race for the surface between cells and bacteria is more favourable to the smoother surfaces (nitrided, as machined or lightly acid etched) than to the rougher ones (strong acid etched or sandblasted/acid etched).
A Novel Heterozygous Mutation of theCOL4A3Gene Causes a Peculiar Phenotype without Hematuria and Renal Function Impairment in a Chinese Family
Authors: Xia Liang , Cao Yangjia , Guo Yang , Ba Guangyi , Luo Qiong , Shi Haibo , Feng Yanmei , Yin Shankai
Published: February 2019

Mutations in theCOL4A3gene are frequently reported to be associated with various types of hereditary nephropathy.COL4A3encodes theα3 chain of type IV collagen, which is the main structural protein in the basement membrane. Mutations in this gene are always related to kidney performance, and deafness and ocular lesion have also been reported. In this study, using next-generation sequencing, we investigated the DNA of a family visiting a clinic for hearing loss. A new missense mutation was found inCOL4A3of 5 patients, c.3227C>T (p.P1076L). Based on these results, we predict that the mutation is pathogenic and leads to abnormal collagen IV. Here, we report for the first time on this autosomal dominant syndrome, characterized by hearing loss and eye abnormalities, but without renal damage, in all carriers. Since the oldest patient in the trial was less than 50 years old, however, we recommend that renal examination be reviewed regularly. Our results reveal expansion in the mutation spectrum of theCOL4A3gene and phenotypic spectrum of collagen IV disease. Our study suggests that next-generation sequencing is an economical and effective method and may help in the accurate diagnosis and treatment of these patients.
Interactions of Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Nanohorns with a Model Membrane Layer and Lung Surfactant In Vitro
Authors: Kondej Dorota , Sosnowski Tomasz R.
Published: February 2019

A broader use of carbon nanomaterials increases the risk of their inhalation as aerosol dispersed in the air. Inhaled nanometer-sized particles are known to penetrate to the pulmonary region where they interact with the lung surfactant as the first barrier they meet and eventually penetrate to the surface of the cellular layer. This study presents the results of experimental studies of physicochemical interactions between several types of carbon nanomaterials (nanotubes and nanohorns of various size and surface properties) and lipid layers in two qualitatively different experimental systems: Langmuir trough and pulsated drop tensiometer, both providing complementary possibilities to study interfacial properties of the lipid-rich layer. Quantified alterations in mechanical properties if lipid films (equilibrium compressibility, dynamic surface elasticity, and viscosity) indicate that nanocarbons with different wettability may induce concentration-dependent frustration of the lung surfactant and biological membranes in vivo. The observed effects are discussed not only in relation to health effects from nanoparticle inhalation but also to potential medical applications of engineered carbon nanomaterials.
In Vitro-In Vivo Correlation for the Degradation of Tetra-PEG Hydrogel Microspheres with Tunable β-Eliminative Crosslink Cleavage Rates
Authors: Henise Jeff , Fontaine Shaun D. , Hearn Brian R. , Pfaff Samuel J. , Schneider Eric L. , Malato Julia , Wang Donghui , Hann Byron , Ashley Gary W. , Santi Daniel V.
Published: February 2019

The degradation of Tetra-PEG hydrogels containing β-eliminative crosslinks has been studied in order to provide an in vitro-in vivo correlation for the use of these hydrogels in our chemically controlled drug delivery system. We measured time-dependent gel mass loss and ultrasound volume changes of 13 subcutaneously implanted Tetra-PEG hydrogel microspheres having degradation times ranging from ~3 to 250 days. Applying a previously developed model of Tetra-PEG hydrogel degradation, the mass changes correlate well with the in vitro rates of crosslink cleavage and hydrogel degelation. These results allow prediction of in vivo biodegradation properties of these hydrogels based on readily obtained in vitro rates, despite having degradation times that span 2 orders of magnitude. These results support the optimization of drug-releasing hydrogels and their development into long-acting therapeutics. The use of ultrasound volume measurements further provides a noninvasive technique for monitoring hydrogel degradation in the subcutaneous space.
Hermatomyces trangensis sp. nov., a new dematiaceous hyphomycete (Hermatomycetaceae, Pleosporales) on sugar palm in Thailand
Authors: NUANKAEW SALILAPORN , SUETRONG SATINEE , WUTIKHUN TUKSADON , PINRUAN UMPAWA
Published: February 2019

A new species of a hyphomycetous fungus, Hermatomyces trangensis, was collected during an investigation of the diversity of palm fungi in Na Yong district, Trang province, Southern Thailand, and is introduced in this paper based on morphological and molecular evidence. The fungus is characterized by the production of only one type of conidia, globose or subglobose in front view, broadly ellipsoidal or oblong in lateral view, with dark brown to black central cells and subhyaline to pale brown peripheral cells and sporulation in culture. Phylogenetic analyses of combined SSU rDNA, LSU rDNA, ITS rDNA, TEF1 and RPB2 sequence data using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference approaches placed the fungus within a strongly supported clade with other Hermatomyces species within the family Hermatomycetaceae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes). Morphologically, it is similar to other taxa with only one type of conidia such as H. sphaericus, H. sphaericoides and H. verrucosus but molecular data clearly support H. trangensis as distinct from those species.
A new species of Trembleya (Melastomataceae: Microlicieae) with notes on leaf anatomy and generic circumscription
Authors: PACIFICO RICARDO , ALMEDA FRANK , DO CARMO AMANDA APARECIDA , FIDANZA KARINA
Published: February 2019

A new species of Trembleya that was first recognized by Auguste François Marie Glaziou is described. Line drawings, photographs, descriptions of the leaf anatomical structure, SEM images, distribution maps, conservation status, and comments on the generic circumscription of Trembleya are provided. The new species appears to be endemic to the Chapada dos Veadeiros in Goiás, Brazil. It is characterized by its oblong-lanceolate leaf blades (1.4–4.5 × 0.3–0.9 cm) that are papyraceous, 3–5-nerved from the base and glandular-punctate on both surfaces, tertiary veins not evident, well-developed inflorescences, flowers with subisomorphic stamens that are completely yellow and ovaries with 3(–4) locules. A conservation assessment of Endangered (EN) is recommended for this species based on IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.