bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran dengan Permainan Tradisional Engklek sebagai Sarana Stimulasi Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini Di RA Masythoh Singkir Wonosobo
Authors: Munawaroh Hidayatu
Published: March 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Mengetahui Model Pembelajaran dengan Permainan Tradisional Englek Sebagai Sarana Stimulasi Perkembangan  Anak Usia Dini di RA Masythoh Singkir Wonosobo, Mengetahui Pelaksanaan Model Pembelajaran dengan Permainan Tradisional Engglek Sebagai Sarana Stimulasi Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini di RA Masythoh singkir Wonosobo.  Mengetahui Model Pembelajaran  dengan Permainan Tradisional Engglek Sebagai Sarana Stimulasi Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini di RA  Masythoh singkir Wonosobo.

Jenis penelitian adalah Penelitian Pengembangan (Research and Development). Subjek penelitian adalah anak kelompok B di RA Masythoh singkir Wonosobo. Metode pengumpulan data penelitian menggunakan:  Observasi, Wawancara dan Dokumentasi

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) Model pembelajaran permainan engklek ini diantarkan dengan adanya cerita dengan bantuan poster,menyanyi bersama,tanya jawab, menebak gambar dan bermain puzzle tema macam-macam profesi. (2) Pelaksanaan Model Pembelajaran Permainan  engklek yang dapat menstimulasi aspek perkembangan  Anak Kelompok B di RA Masythoh Singkir Wonosobo dilakukan sebanyak dua kali pertemuan, setiap pertemuan ada empat macam kegiatan yang dilakukan  sesuai dengan RKH, hasil rata-rata skor indikataor aspek perkembangan  anak mengalami peningkatan hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil pretest dan postest. menunjukan  bahwa rata-rata aspek nilai moral agama 2,51(kurang baik)  menjadi 2,87 (baik), aspek bahasa skor rata-rata diperoleh 2,49(kurang baik) menjadi 2,88(baik), aspek social emosional skor rata-rata diperoleh 2,55(baik) menjadi 2,85(baik), aspek fisik motorik diperoleh skor rata-rata 2,64(baik) menjadi 2,91(baik) . hasil masing-masing rata-rata dari setiap indicator mengalami peningkatan aspek perkembangan anak. (3) Keefektifan model pembelajaran menggunakan permainan engklek efektif. Keefektifan ini ditujukkan dengan nilai signifikansi lebih besar dari 0,05. Hal ini didukung oleh hasil perhitungan t tes

Simpulan penelitian ini adalah model pembelajaran dengan dengan Permainan Tradisional Engglek efektif untuk Sarana Stimulasi Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini di RA Masythoh singkir Wonosobo, model pembelajaran berupa Permainan Tradisional Engglek. Disarankan perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut di Taman Kanak-kanak yang kecakapan Aspek Perkembangan Anak Belum Berkembang.
Authors: Hasiana Isabella , Wirastania Aniek
Published: March 2018

Understanding the concept of numbers is something that is especially important for young children. This is because the numbers we always use throughout the life process. Also understanding numbers is the first step of a mathematics lesson, without an understanding of numbers, then a child will have difficulty in the next stage of learning. This study aims to develop the ability to recognize the number of students of group A through guidance program using music media. Using quasi-experimental design used in this research is non-equivalent pretest-posttest control group design which is done in field test of guidance program using music media in increasing the ability to recognize the number in child of Kindergarten Group A at Lintang Kindergarten. The result of this research is analyzed by T test formula which is done using help SPSS program. Based on the results of research conducted obtained with sig (0,000) <0.05 which means there is a difference between the experimental group with the control group in recognizing the number symbols by using music. So it can be concluded that the guidance program by using music media that has been compiled can be said to have an effect in improving the ability to recognize the numbers in children group A
Strategi Ibu dengan Peran Ganda dalam Membentuk Kemandirian Anak Usia Pra Sekolah
Authors: Affrida Ervin Nurul
Published: March 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami pengalaman ibu dengan peran ganda dalam membentuk kemandirian anak. Ibu dengan peran ganda dalam penelitian ini dimaknai sebagai ibu yang memiliki peran menjadi ibu rumah tangga dan bekerja. Adanya peran ganda membuat peran sebagai ibu terbagi dengan peran sebagai wanita karir. Apalagi jika anak telah memasuki usia pra sekolah, peran ibu semakin diperlukan karena pada tahap ini anak berada pada masa keemasan,, jendela kesempatan, dan masa kritis (Depkes RI, 2010). Salah satu keteramplan yang harus dikembangkan yaitu kemandirian yang menjadi salah satu tujuan pendidikan karakter. Apalagi bagi ibu yang bekerja, membentuk kemandirian anak sejak usia dini dapat membantu anak untuk melakukan aktivitas sederhana sehari-hari ketika ibu sedang bekerja. Partisipan penelitian adalah empat orang ibu dengan peran ganda dan memiliki anak dengan rentang usia 3-6 tahun yang sedang mengikuti program di Kelompok Bermain/Taman Kanak-Kanak. Penggumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara mendalam kemudian dianalisis dengan metode Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengalaman ibu dengan peran ganda dalam membentuk kemandirian anak melalui penggunaan pola asuh, pemberian contoh dan pendampingan pada anak dalam mengerjakan aktivitas yang bisa dilakukan anak secara mandiri, serta membiasakan anak untuk melakukan aktivitas sederhana sehari-hari untuk memenuhi kebutuhan diri sendiri
Strategi Pengembangan Lahan Irigasi Rawa di Daerah Rawa Pasang Surut Belawang-Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Panggabean Elias Wijaya , Wiryawan Bangkit Aditya
Published: March 2018

Reklamasi rawa yang dilakukan Pemerintah Indonesia di Pulau Sumatera dan Kalimantan beberapa dekade lalu pada dasarnya ditujukan untuk mendukung ketahanan pangan nasional dan program transmigrasi. Namun sampai saat ini ternyata kontribusi ketahanan pangan dari pertanian lahan rawa masih sangat rendah. Justru akhir-akhir ini marak terjadi pengalihfungsian lahan rawa beririgasi untuk peruntukan lain, seperti perkebunan kelapa sawit dan karet. Daerah rawa pasang surut Belawang (Barito Kuala) adalah salah satu wilayah yang mulai marak mengalami perubahan pemanfaatan lahan beririgasi menjadi perkebunan karet. Banyak faktor yang menyebabkan hal ini terjadi. Penelitian ini mengkaji faktor-faktor penting yang menyebabkan terjadinya alih fungsi lahan dan menyusun strategi upaya mendorong peranan lahan rawa beririgasi dalam mendukung ketahanan pangan. Penelitian yang dilakukan tahun 2014 ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode analisis SWOT. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara mendalam kepada informan-informan kunci. Hasil penelitian merekomendasikan strategi pengembangan lahan beririgasi rawa di Belawang harus dilakukan dengan cara pemetaan kembali tipe lahan rawa yang sesuai untuk tanaman pangan maupun untuk perkebunan. Selanjutnya teknik diversifikasi komoditas secara terpola menjadi solusi menjawab ketahanan pangan dan kebutuhan ekonomis masyarakat lokal.
Potensi Pemanasan Global dari Padi Sawah System of Rice Intensification (SRI) dengan Berbagai Ketinggian Muka Air Tanah
Authors: Arif Chusnul , Setiawan Budi Indra , Munarso Deka Trisnadi , Nugraha Muhammad Didik , Sinarmata Pradha Wihandi , Ardiansyah Ardiansyah , Mizoguchi Masaru
Published: March 2018

System of Rice Intensification (SRI) merupakan budidaya alternatif padi sawah untuk mitigasi Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK). Dua jenis GRK utama yang diemisikan dari padi sawah adalah gas metana (CH4) dan dinitrogen oksida (N2O). Gas tersebut memiliki respon berbeda terhadap keragaman ketersediaan air di lahan yang direpresentasikan dengan tinggi muka air tanah. Global Warming Potential (GWP) atau potensi pemanasan global digunakan untuk membandingkan potensi GRK dalam memanaskan bumi pada periode tertentu, dan disetarakan dengan nilai potensi gas CO2. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan potensi pemanasan global pada berbagai rezim air dengan ketinggian muka air yang berbeda di lahan sawah yang menerapkan SRI. Penelitian dilakukan pada budidaya padi sawah dengan tiga perlakuan rezim air selama satu musim tanam (14 April  hingga 5 Agustus 2016) di plot percobaan laboratorium lapang Departemen Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan IPB, Bogor, Jawa Barat. Ketiga perlakuan rezim air tersebut adalah rezim tergenang, moderate dan kering . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rezim air kering menghasilkan potensi pemanasan global terendah dibandingkan kedua rezim yang lain. Nilai potensi pemanasan global yang dihasilkan adalah 34% dan 41% lebih rendah dibandingkan rezim air tergenang dan moderate. Rezim kering mampu meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman 21% lebih besar dibandingkan rezim air tergenang. Untuk memperkuat hasil yang diperoleh ini, maka penelitian lanjutan diperlukan dengan kondisi cuaca yang berbeda dan lokasi yang beragam.
Variabilitas Curah Hujan dan Suhu Udara serta Pengaruhnya Terhadap Neraca Air Irigasi di Daerah Aliran Sungai Ciliwung
Authors: Ariyani Dwi
Published: March 2018

Perubahan iklim merupakan isu yang sedang dihadapi oleh masyarakat global, yang berpengaruh terhadap variabilitas suhu udara dan curah hujan. Peningkatan suhu udara dapat menyebabkan penurunan debit andalan atau ketersediaan air. Terkait dengan hal tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui trend dari perubahan suhu udara dan curah hujan terhadap ketersediaan air di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Ciliwung selama 30 tahun (1985 s.d. 2015). Analisis kenaikan trend variabel iklim dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Mann Kendall Trend Test, analisis neraca air menggunakan metode neraca surplus defisit, dan analisis ketersediaan air menggunakan metode Mock. Dari hasil analisis diketahui bahwa tidak ada perubahan variabilitas curah hujan. Suhu rata-rata naik sebesar 0,20C, suhu minimum naik sebesar 0,90C, dan suhu maksimum naik sebesar 0,80C selama 30 tahun terakhir. Ketersediaan air teridentifikasi menurun sebesar 2 m3/s atau sebesar 2.000 l/s selama 30 tahun terakhir. Analisis neraca air kemudian dilakukan berdasarkan nilai kebutuhan air irigasi di intake maksimum sebesar 8,46 l/s/ha dan luas areal irigasi yang diairi oleh Bendung Katulampa yang berkurang mulai tahun 1985 sampai 2015 dari 1.288 ha menjadi 333 ha.  Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa tidak terjadi defisit neraca air untuk lahan pertanian di DAS Ciliwung. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi bahan masukan untuk pengelolaan sumber daya air di daerah hulu DAS Ciliwung.
Effects of Irrigation and Cassava Peel Mulch on Soil Water Content and Pineapple Growth
Authors: Rahmat Ali , Afandi - , Manik Tumiar K , Cahyono Priyo
Published: March 2018

Irigasi pada tanaman nanas sangat penting karena mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan produksi namun biayanya sangat mahal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh irigasi dan mulsa organik pada kadar air tanah dan pertumbuhan nanas. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan perlakuan faktorial (5 x 2) dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah panjang waktu irigasi (I), yang terdiri dari 5 waktu yaitu tanpa irigasi (I0), irigasi 1 bulan (I1), irigasi 2 bulan (I2), irigasi 3 bulan (I3), dan irigasi 4 bulan (I4). Faktor kedua adalah dosis kulit singkong (mulsa organik) terdiri dari 2 level 0 ton/ha (M0) dan 50 ton/ha (M1). Kadar air tanah diukur menggunakan Diviner 2000. Data kadar air tanah dianalisis dengan time series. Pertumbuhan tanaman dianalisis keragamannya dan diuji BNT pada taraf 5 %. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kulit singkong 50 ton/ha pada umumnya hanya bertahan 2,5 bulan untuk mempertahankan kadar air. Mulsa kulit singkong lebih berperan ketika tanah mulai mengering. Pemberian mulsa kulit singkong berpengaruh terhadap tinggi dan berat basah tanaman sedangkan perlakuan, irigasi secara terpisah hanya berpengaruh terhadap berat basah tanaman. Interaksi antara irigasi dan kulit singkong berpengaruh terhadap berat basah tanaman. Meskipun kadar air tanah tersedia cukup saat memasuki musim hujan, namun tidak efektif dalam memulihkan keragaan tanaman nanas. Pemulihan terjadi setelah memasuk musim hujan dimana kadar air tanah tinggi.
Simulasi Operasi Waduk Lamong untuk Kepentingan Air Baku dan Irigasi
Authors: Sulistiono Andi , Rahmandani Dadan , Triyono Joko
Published: March 2018

Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Lamong berada di wilayah Kabupaten Lamongan dan Mojokerto untuk bagian hulu, Kabupaten Gresik dan Kodya Surabaya untuk bagian hilir. Luas DAS Lamong ± 720 km2 dengan panjang alur sungai utama ± 103 km. Keadaan hidrologi DAS Lamong dalam keadaan kritis, akibatnya, sebagian besar wilayah DAS Lamong yang berada di wilayah Kabupaten Gresik dan Kota Surabaya, setiap tahun mengalami banjir akibat luapan Kali Lamong. Sebaliknya di bagian hulu yaitu Kabupaten Lamongan selalu kekurangan air pada musim kemarau. Penelitian ini, inflow Waduk Lamong diperoleh dengan metode bangkitan data dengan menggunakan metode Thomas Fiering. Data aliran historis diperoleh melalui simulasi pengalihragaman hujan menjadi aliran model Mock dengan menggunakan data hujan Stasiun Bluluk, data hujan Stasiun Ngimbang dan data hujan Stasiun Mantup dan data pengukuran debit Stasiun Boboh tahun 1995 - 1997. Perhitungan kebutuhan air baku berdasarkan kriteria perencanaan air bersih Ditjen Cipta Karya, Kementerian PU tahun 2000, sedangkan kebutuhan air irigasi dihitung berdasarkan Standar Perencanaan Irigasi (KP-01) tahun 1986. Simulasi yang digunakan yaitu dari tahun 2016-2025 dengan menggunakan Standard Operating Rule (SOR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebutuhan air baku masyarakat yang diasumsikan akan dilayani oleh Waduk Lamong yaitu sebesar 5,70 juta m3/thn pada tahun 2015 dan 5,74 juta m3/thn pada tahun 2025. Reliabiltas Waduk Lamong dalam melayani kebutuhan air baku akan tercapai 99,17% dengan luas areal tanam yang seluas 2.117 Ha dengan reliabilitas dalam melayani air irigasi 96,25%.
Coder, décoder, recoder ?
Authors: Lenglet Marc
Published: March 2018

Cet article met en perspective la pratique de la régulation financière telle qu’elle se déploie au sein des marchés financiers contemporains, alors qu’un nouvel ordre normatif y a émergé ces dix dernières années. Celui-ci, porté par les technologies algorithmiques, bouleverse les conditions d’exercice de la régulation. Le code informatique, se substituant à la parole et à l’écriture, induit en effet un basculement d’un ordre normatif à un autre : la norme, auparavant explicitée par recours à des dispositifs interprétatifs, se trouve remplacée par un ordre placé sous le signe du calcul. L’auteur identifie quelques-unes des conséquences portées par ce basculement récent.
L’essor du crowdfunding immobilier
Authors: Branellec Gurvan , Onnée Stéphane
Published: March 2018

Lecrowdfundingimmobilier (CFI) est un secteur en plein développement mais de façon assez paradoxale il n’a que peu mobilisé les chercheurs. Cette étude s’y intéresse en s’attachant dans un premier temps à décrire et présenter les enjeux associés à l’irruption du CFI dans l’écosystème du financement de l’immobilier, notamment du point de vue des risques associés. Puis, dans un deuxième temps est étudiée la construction en cours du processus normatif applicable au CFI. Enfin, sont présentés et analysés les dispositifs managériaux mis en œuvre par les plateformes de CFI pour asseoir leurbusiness modeldans la durée.
The effect of X-rays and toxicity lead/ cadmium on hematological and immunological cells
Authors: Rabia Mohammed W Al , Alshuwayman Abdullah S , Almutairi Yousef S , Alasmari Khalid S , Alasmari Bander M , Alanazi Nouf , Alharbi Jahz , Talohi Abdulrahman , Alenzi Faris Q
Published: March 2018

Background: Exposure to radiation and/or batteries containing lead/cadmium, is currently under huge investigations as they are causing many health problems. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of radiation and toxicity of lead and cadmium on hematological cells.Methods: Forty subjects who previously exposed to lead/cadmium, twenty five radiologist and 10 healthy controls were recruited to this study. This study was conducted between January 2017 - April 2017 in Riyadh city, KSA. A questionnaire was distributed and answers were taken by the interviewer. Ten ml of whole blood in EDTA tube were collected and immediately tested by Abbott Cell Hematology Analyzer.Results: There was a significant difference in Hgb levels between batteries exposed people and healthy controls. Also there was a significant increase on WBCs count and lymphocytes count on battery exposed people compared to controls and radiologist. Almost 43% of battery exposed people have allergic reactions compared to controls.Conclusion: Monitoring irradiation and lead/cadmium toxicity levels is suggested in patients with a high risk of immunocompraimised or chronic diseases patients.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(2) 2018 p.200-204
Comperative phyto toxicological and anti inflammatory effects of leaves extracts of holoptelea integrifolia
Authors: Yasin Hina , Khalid Shaukat , Abrar Hina , Rizwani Ghazala H , Perveen Rehana , Fatima Kaneez
Published: March 2018

Objective: Plants play valuable role in the new drug discovery and significantly used to treat different diseases. Nowadays scientists are investigating the therapeutically active phytochemical constituents that are safe and producing lesser side effect in comparative to other standard drugs.Methods: The plant Holoptelea integrifolia is medicinally important and this study was carried out to evaluate the anti inflammatory activity of aqueous extract of the leaves of Holoptelea integrifolia in male albino rats wistar stain treated with acetic acid to induced paw edema.Results: Result indicated the significant anti-inflammatory activity while compared with standard drug (diclofenac sodium).Brine shrimp bioassay (cytotoxicity), phytotoxicity, insecticidal and enzyme inhibition activity was performed in different extracts of the leaves of H. integrifolia. Results of brime shrimp bioassay indicating positive lethality at high dose in BuOH and H2O only. While the results of phytotoxicity in all crude extracts displayed mild phytotoxicity(46.3 µg/ml) in high concentrations (1000 µg/ml) except H2O extract showed no phytotoxicity. Result of insecticidal activity revealed that BuOH extract were found more effective against Rhyzoperthadominica, the EtOH extract expressed major while EtOAC extract showed mild activity against Callosobruchusanalis. Aqueous extract possessed no insecticidal activity.Conclusion: Results of Urease inhibition activity suggested that EtOAC and BuOH extracts of this plant expressed no activity while EtOH and H2O possessed mild inhibiting activity.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(2) 2018 p.212-217
Effects of exercise on plasma lactic acid and body temperature in man, following a standardized meal
Authors: Babalola Tesleem K , Abasi Udoh Utibe
Published: March 2018

Background: The effects of exercise on plasma lactic acid level and body temperature following a standardized meal were carried out on 20 healthy young individuals (aged between 18 and 29 yrs.), consisting of 10 males and 10 females. The physical fitness of the subjects was determined measuring their blood pressure, pulse rate and other physical examinations.Methodology: Each subject was made to ride the bicycle ergometer for 6mins, at a rhythmic cadence of 50revolution/ min via 100beats metronome counts. Blood samples were collected before and after the exercise to analyze for the pre and post exercise plasma lactate levels. Pre and post-exercise values for body temperature were also measured. Statistical tests were carried out at 95% CI (P=0.05).Result: The result obtained showed that exercise causes a statistically significant increase (p< 0.05) in both plasma lactate concentration (from a pre-exercise mean value of 0.98 ±0.07mmol/L to post- exercise mean value of 2.84 ±0.21mmol/L) and body temperature (from a mean value of 36.45 ±0.130C before exercise to a mean value of 36.91 ±0.190C after exercise).Conclusion: There was a statistically significant increase in plasma lactateand body temperature because of exposure to exercise which is in line with findings from most previous studies.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(2) 2018 p.270-274
Association of the waist-hip ratio with plasma adiponectin related to coronary artery disease
Authors: Rashiti Premtim , Behluli Ibrahim , Bytyçi Albiona
Published: March 2018

Objective: By enrolling a prospective study of 82 patients that underwent non-urgent coronary angiography for coronary artery disease (CAD), it is aimed to investigate the correlation between adiponectin and waist-hip-ratio with severity of CAD.Materials and methods: The results of the angiography, divided the patients into two groups, patients admitted with a diagnosis of CAD and non-CAD. In the conducted hospital based research, two groups were involved: the study group with documented angiographically CAD and control group without angiographic evidence of CAD. Some of the baseline adiponectin levels in stored serum samples of all patients, anthropometric and biochemical risk factors were assessed in both groups.Result and discussion: As the result, we have seen the presence of CAD that was associated with current smoking, male gender, waist–hip ratio (WHR).While, no significant difference between median adiponectin levels at baseline were observed between cases and controls.Conclusion: There is a significant positive correlation between waist - hip ratio and presence of severity of coronary artery disease.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(2) 2018 p.290-295
Hepatoprotective potential and chemical characterization of Artocarpus lakoocha fruit extract
Authors: Saleem Mohammad , Asif Ammara , Akhtar Muhammad Furqan , Saleem Ammara
Published: March 2018

Artocarpus lakoocha fruits are widely consumed as food. The study was aimed at evaluating its hepatoprotective activity and chemical constituents. The extract was analysed by HPLC for the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds. Hepatoprotective potential was determined in mice following 8 days of extract or silymarin (standard therapy) administration. Hepatotoxicity was induced by administration of paracetamol (500 mg/kg). The blood and liver of treated and untreated mice were collected 24 hours post-paracetamol intoxication. HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of chromatotropic acid, quercetin, gallic acid, vanillic acid, cinnamic acid, ferulic acid and kaempferol. Acute toxicity study showed no observed effect at more than 2,000 mg/kg. The fruit extract prevented the rise in liver function tests and paracetamol related histopathological alterations. The hepatoprotective activity of extract was dose-dependent. This study confirms the preventive effect of methanolic extract of monkey jack fruits against paracetamol-induced liver toxicity.

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Mitigation of Hot-Spots in Photovoltaic Systems Using Distributed Power Electronics
Authors: Olalla Carlos , Hasan Md. , Deline Chris , Maksimović Dragan
Published: March 2018

In the presence of partial shading and other mismatch factors, bypass diodes may not offer complete elimination of excessive power dissipation due to cell reverse biasing, commonly referred to as hot-spotting in photovoltaic (PV) systems. As a result, PV systems may experience higher failure rates and accelerated ageing. In this paper, a cell-level simulation model is used to assess occurrence of hot-spotting events in a representative residential rooftop system scenario featuring a moderate shading environment. The approach is further used to examine how well distributed power electronics converters mitigate the effects of partial shading and other sources of mismatch by preventing activation of bypass diodes and thereby reducing the chances of heavy power dissipation and hot-spotting in mismatched cells. The simulation results confirm that the occurrence of heavy power dissipation is reduced in all distributed power electronics architectures, and that submodule-level converters offer nearly 100% mitigation of hot-spotting. In addition, the paper further elaborates on the possibility of hot-spot-induced permanent damage, predicting a lifetime energy loss above 15%. This energy loss is fully recoverable with submodule-level power converters that mitigate hot-spotting and prevent the damage.
Hybrid GA-PSO Optimization of Artificial Neural Network for Forecasting Electricity Demand
Authors: Anand Atul , Suganthi L
Published: March 2018

In the present study Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has been optimized using a hybrid algorithm of Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The hybrid GA-PSO algorithm has been used to improve the estimation of electricity demand of the state of Tamil Nadu in India. The ANN-GA-PSO model uses gross domestic product (GSDP); electricity consumption per capita; income growth rate and consumer price index (CPI) as predictors that affect the electricity demand. Using the historical demand data of 25 years from 1991 till 2015 it is found that ANN-GA-PSO models have higher accuracy and performance reliability than single optimization models such as ANN-PSO or ANN-GA. In addition, the paper also forecasts the electricity demand of the state based on “as-it-is” scenario and the scenario based on milestones set by the “Vision-2023” document of the state.
Development of Offshore Wind Power: Contrasting Optimal Wind Sites with Legal Restrictions in Galicia, Spain
Authors: Salvador Santiago , Costoya Xurxo , Sanz-Larruga Francisco , Gimeno Luis
Published: March 2018

The region of Galicia, in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, has a high wind potential for the installation of offshore wind farms (OWFs) in many areas of its surrounding marine waters. However, legal restrictions derived from the protection of other interests that converge in the marine environment (such as fishing, navigation, and biodiversity conservation) must be considered, along with technical limitations resulting from water depth. This study is aimed at analysing legal restrictions on the installation of OWFs in Galician waters and at identifying those zones of less conflict where the wind power density (WPD) is greater and the depths and distances from the coast are technically feasible given the current status of technology in Europe. To do this, a legal study was performed of both the strategic environmental assessment of the Spanish coast and the regulations of the different marine sectors at European, international, national, and regional levels. In addition, the WPD along the north-western area of the Iberian Peninsula and Europe was calculated, and an analysis of maximum and average depths and distances from the coast of planned and installed OWFs in Europe was made. Two main zones without legal and technical restrictions were identified in the north-eastern corner of Galicia and in the south of the Vigo estuary. The greatest WPD was identified in the north-western zone, from Cape Finisterre to Cape Ortegal, where there are small sites without legal or technical restrictions that are near several protected zones (such as a marine reserve, a special protected area, and a wetland and its buffer zone), making necessary a deeper analysis of the specific impacts of each OWF project in the Environmental Impact Assessment.
An Adaptive Grid Voltage/Frequency Tracking Method Based on SOGIs on a Shipboard PV–Diesel-Battery Hybrid Power System
Authors: Wang Guoling , Liu Xu , Li Zhenyu , Xu Shunxiao , Chen Zhe
Published: March 2018

This paper addresses the unbalanced voltage, subharmonic/dc-offset voltage, and low-frequency (LF)/high-frequency (HF) harmonics of a grid voltage tracking method based on second-order generalized integrators (SOGIs) in high voltage/frequency swing on a shipboard photovoltaic (PV)-diesel-battery hybrid power system. To perform this work, a kind of shipboard PV–diesel-battery hybrid power system structure was first analyzed, emphasizing both the active and reactive power (PQ) control strategy and the sensitivity of the phase-locked loop (PLL) that is crucial to the vessel’s electrical networks. Then, the effect of grid voltage harmonics in SOGIs and of voltage/frequency swing on SOGI frequency-locked loop (SOGI-FLL) was studied. Meanwhile, aiming to the adverse power qualities of a shipboard power system (SPS), a SOGI-based structure with prefilter, a dc-offset block, and a positive sequence extractor (SOGI-FDE) was proposed. Finally, to overcome all of the vessel’s grid problems, a new SOGI-based voltage tracking structure, SOGI-FDE-FLL, consisting of SOGI-FDE and SOGI-FLL, was proposed to achieve accurate grid voltage tracking rapidly. This proposed schematic was used as an adaptive grid voltage tracking method to a three-phase three-wire shipboard PV–diesel-battery hybrid power system. Experimental results were obtained validating this proposal.
Transcriptomic and GC-MS Metabolomic Analyses Reveal the Sink Strength Changes during Petunia Anther Development
Authors: Yue Yuanzheng , Tian Shaoze , Wang Yu , Ma Hui , Liu Siyu , Wang Yuqiao , Hu Huirong
Published: March 2018

Petunia, which has been prevalently cultivated in landscaping, is a dicotyledonous herbaceous flower of high ornamental value. Annually, there is a massive worldwide market demand for petunia seeds. The normal development of anther is the necessary prerequisite for the plants to generate seeds. However, the knowledge of petunia anther development processes is still limited. To better understand the mechanisms of petunia anther development, the transcriptomes and metabolomes of petunia anthers at three typical development stages were constructed and then used to detect the gene expression patterns and primary metabolite profiles during the anther development processes. Results suggested that there were many differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) that mainly participated in photosynthesis and starch and sucrose metabolism when DEGs were compared between the different development stages of anthers. In this study, fructose and glucose, which were involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, were taken as the most important metabolites by partial least-squares discriminate analysis (PLS-DA). Additionally, the qRT-PCR analysis of the photosynthetic-related genes all showed decreased expression trends along with the anther development. These pieces of evidence indicated that the activities of energy and carbohydrate metabolic pathways were gradually reduced during all the development stages of anther, which affects the sink strength. Overall, this work provides a novel and comprehensive understanding of the metabolic processes in petunia anthers.
Oxidative Stress and Space Biology: An Organ-Based Approach
Authors: Goodwin Thomas , Christofidou-Solomidou Melpo
Published: March 2018

The environment of space provides many challenges to the human physiology and therefore to extended habitation and exploration[...]
Encapsulation of Curcumin-Loaded Liposomes for Colonic Drug Delivery in a pH-Responsive Polymer Cluster Using a pH-Driven and Organic Solvent-Free Process
Authors: De Leo Vincenzo , Milano Francesco , Mancini Erminia , Comparelli Roberto , Giotta Livia , Nacci Angelo , Longobardi Francesco , Garbetta Antonella , Agostiano Angela , Catucci Lucia
Published: March 2018

The present study aimed to develop and optimize liposome formulation for the colonic delivery of biologically active compounds. A strategy to facilitate such targeting is to formulate liposomes with a polymer coating sensitive to the pH shifts in the gastrointestinal tract. To this end, liposomes encapsulating curcumin—chosen as the biologically active compound model—and coated with the pH-responsive polymer Eudragit S100 were prepared and characterized. Curcumin was encapsulated into small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) by the micelle-to-vesicle transition method (MVT) in a simple and organic solvent-free way. Curcumin-loaded liposomes were coated with Eudragit S100 by a fast and easily scalable pH-driven method. The prepared liposomes were evaluated for size, surface morphology, entrapment efficiency, stability, in vitro drug release, and curcumin antioxidant activity. In particular, curcumin-loaded liposomes displayed size lower than 100 nm, encapsulation efficiency of 98%, high stability at both 4 °C and 25 °C, high in vitro antioxidant activity, and a cumulative release that was completed within 200 min. A good Eudragit S100 coating which did not alter the properties of the curcumin-loaded liposomes was obtained. The present work therefore provides a fast and solvent-free method to prepare pH-responsive polymer-coated liposomes for the colonic delivery of biologically active compounds.
Design, Synthesis, and SAR of Novel 2-Glycinamide Cyclohexyl Sulfonamide Derivatives against Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Cai Nan , Liu Caixiu , Feng Zhihui , Li Xinghai , Qi Zhiqiu , Ji Mingshan , Qin Peiwen , Ahmed Wasim , Cui Zining
Published: March 2018

N-(2-trifluoromethyl-4-chlorophenyl)-2-oxocyclohexyl sulfonamide (chesulfamide) is in the limelight as a novel fungicide, and has fungicidal activity against Botrytis cinerea. For exploring more novel structures, 33 new compounds were synthesized by N-alkylation and acid–amine coupling reactions with chesulfamide as the core moiety, and their structures were characterized and established by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MS, and elemental analysis. The structure of (1R,2S)-2-(2-(N-(4-chloro-2-trifluoromethylphenyl)sulfamoyl)-cyclohexylamino)-N-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl) acetamide (II-19) was defined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The in vivo and in vitro fungicidal activities against B. cinerea were evaluated. The bioassay results of mycelial growth demonstrated that most compounds exhibited excellent inhibitory activity against B. cinerea at 50 μg mL−1, and 7 compounds showed lower EC50 values than boscalid (EC50 = 4.46 μg mL−1) against B. cinerea (CY-09). In cucumber pot experiment, the inhibitory rates of four compounds (II-4, II-5, II-12, and II-13) against B. cinerea were 90.48, 93.45, 92.86, and 91.07, which were better than cyprodinil (88.69%), the best performing of all controls. In tomato pot experiment, the control efficacy of two analogs (II-8 and II-15) were 87.98 and 87.97% at 200 μg mL−1, which were significantly higher than boscalid (78.10%). Most compounds have an excellent fungicidal effect on B. cinerea, with potential as a lead compound for developing new pesticides.
Liquid-assisted grinding and ion pairing regulates percentage conversion and diastereoselectivity of the Wittig reaction under mechanochemical conditions
Authors: Denlinger Kendra Leahy , Ortiz-Trankina Lianna , Carr Preston , Benson Kingsley , Waddell Daniel C , Mack James
Published: March 2018

Mechanochemistry is maturing as a discipline and continuing to grow, so it is important to continue understanding the rules governing the system. In a mechanochemical reaction, the reactants are added into a vessel along with one or more grinding balls and the vessel is shaken at high speeds to facilitate a chemical reaction. The dielectric constant of the solvent used in liquid-assisted grinding (LAG) and properly chosen counter-ion pairing increases the percentage conversion of stilbenes in a mechanochemical Wittig reaction. Utilizing stepwise addition/evaporation of ethanol in liquid-assisted grinding also allows for the tuning of the diastereoselectivity in the Wittig reaction.
Body and health perception for obesity in young adults
Authors: Florêncio Raquel Sampaio , Oliveira Ana Caroline Andrade , Santiago Jênifa Cavalcante dos Santos , Ribeiro Danilo Cunha , Almeida Ítalo Lennon Sales de , Pessoa Vera Lúcia Mendes de Paula , Moreira Thereza Maria Magalhães
Published: March 2018

Background: To identify the body and health perception and its relationship with obesity in a group of young adults.

Methods: This is an analytical study performed on 1,073 young adults from Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, through a questionnaire whose data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and logistic regression. The Ethics Committee approved the study under opinion nº 263.271/ 2013.

Results: Results showed that women with obesity tended to perceive their condition more and evidenced greater body dissatisfaction than men. In addition, they were associated with obesity, self-perception of overweight and body satisfaction.

Conclusion: Young people with obesity perceive their condition and are dissatisfied with it.
Primary health care in leprosy, assessed by users and professionals
Authors: Barboza Nayla Andrade , Campleo Viriato , Lustosa Anselmo Alves , Sampaio Bruno Santos , Araújo Gabriela Meireles Linhares de
Published: March 2018

Objective: Evaluate the performance of primary health care in control of leprosy in Teresina, Brazil from the perspective of users and professionals.

Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study involved 25 healthcare users with leprosy and 34 professionals (physicians and nurses) working in 13 municipal health units within the urban area of Teresina. The data were collected from January to June, 2017, using the Instrument for Assessing the Performance of Primary Care in Leprosy Control Actions, a document based on the Primary Care Assessment Tool/PCATool Brasil which measures the presence and extension of essential and derived attributes from primary health care.

Results: The mean scores obtained for the essential, derived and global attributes, through the perception of the users, were lower than 6.6, indicating that the primary health services in Teresina are not sufficiently oriented to carry out leprosy control actions, mainly in terms of access, integrality of services provided, family orientation and community orientation. The professionals showed a contrasting view, with averages exceeding 6.6 for all attributes and scores. The difference in perception between the groups was significant for all attributes except for coordination (Mann-Whitney U test, p = 0.479).The overall evaluation of quality was not influenced by the user’s clinical or socioeconomic variables, but  rather by the organization/provision of services.

Conclusions: The municipal health units within the urban area of Teresina must be strongly guided by primary health care attributes in order to reach higher levels of user satisfaction.
Ressources, problèmes et actualité du concept d’exploitation
Authors: Renault Emmanuel
Published: March 2018

L’objectif de cet article est d’identifier les caractéristiques de la conception marxienne de l’exploitation qui conservent leur pertinence aujourd’hui. Afin de faire apparaître la spécificité et la richesse des analyses marxiennes de l’exploitation, l’article procède en quatre temps. Premièrement, il remonte aux conceptions saint-simoniennes et à la manière dont elles sont reformulées dans le Manifeste . Dans un second temps, il analyse les différentes dimensions de la théorie de l’exploitation qui est développée dans Le Capital . Dans un troisième temps, il examine une série d’objections qui ont pu être opposées à cette théorie. Dans un quatrième temps, il pose la question de la pertinence de cette théorie pour l’analyse de la phase actuelle du capitalisme néolibéral. La thèse soutenue est alors que le capitalisme contemporain se caractérise par ce qui peut être appelé un retour de la survaleur absolue.
La sous-traitance comme forme contemporaine d’exploitation : les cas de l’Afrique du Sud, de l’Australie et de la France
Authors: Tinel Bruno , Pons-Vignon Nicolas , Rafferty Michael
Published: March 2018

La sous-traitance peut être analysée comme une forme contemporaine de l’extraction du surtravail qui met en œuvre le principe de la dépendance économique au niveau des relations inter-entreprises. Elle contribue à contourner le droit du travail et à transférer un ensemble de risques des employeurs vers les travailleurs. À travers les cas du secteur forestier en Afrique du Sud, du secteur de la construction en Australie et d’une analyse intersectorielle en France, ce texte montre que la sous-traitance s’est diffusée très largement depuis trente ans et contribue à redéfinir en profondeur l’organisation globale des rapports de production dans les économies capitalistes.
Les canaux de l’extraction du surtravail dans le capitalisme managerial : hauts salaires et revenus du capital
Authors: Duménil Gérard , Lévy Dominique
Published: March 2018

Dans les sociétés contemporaines avancées, notamment aux États-Unis, qui montrent la voie, le principal canal d’extraction du surtravail est devenu le paiement de hauts salaires aux cadres des secteurs privé et public. Corrélativement, la hausse des inégalités de revenus au cours des dernières décennies est surtout due à la croissance des inégalités salariales. Ces tendances manifestent le développement graduel de relations propres à un nouveau mode de production, le managérialisme, dont la classe dominante est celle des cadres. La notion de « capitalisme managérial » est l’expression de l’hybridité des relations de production actuelles. Les principes fondamentaux de la théorie de l’histoire de Marx sont ainsi préservés au prix d’une « révision » majeure. Ces transformations expliquent pourquoi et comment les prophéties du Manifeste relatives à la disparition des sociétés de classe ne se sont pas réalisées : le capitalisme se métamorphose dans une nouvelle société de classe.
Entre extraction et exploitation : des mutations en cours dans l’organisation de la coopération sociale
Authors: Mezzadra Sandro , Neilson Brett , Cukier Alexis
Published: March 2018

Cet article vise un remaniement du concept d’exploitation dans le cadre d’un programme de recherche plus large sur le capitalisme contemporain, s’attachant à la centralité d’une logique « extractive » dans la mise en forme des opérations du capital dans des domaines aussi déterminants que la logistique et la finance. Prenant pour fil conducteur l’analyse des luttes sociales contemporaines, les auteurs abordent les failles, les tensions et frictions entre la coopération sociale et l’expérience incarnée du travail vivant comme un point de vue privilégié pour repenser l’exploitation. Les questions relatives à l’exploitation dans ses rapports à la dépossession, au pouvoir et à la domination, sont discutées à partir de l’analyse marxienne des notions d’exploitation et de coopération. L’article se conclut sur une section plus politique, centrée sur la possibilité et les limites d’un projet (« réformiste ») de « normalisation » de l’exploitation, et d’une politique de classe aujourd’hui.
Mehrwert
Authors: Balibar Étienne
Published: March 2018

Cet article propose une analyse philologique, épistémologique et critique du concept de survaleur, des Grundrisse de 1858 jusqu’au Capital où il reçoit son développement systématique. Il rappelle la centralité que lui confère son couplage avec la notion de surtravail pour opérer le renversement du « point de vue du capital » au « point de vue du travail », faire de l’exploitation du travail la source de l’accumulation du capital, et comprendre comment s’articulent la « contradiction » et le « conflit » dans le mouvement historique du capitalisme et de son dépassement. Il identifie pour finir certains points de tension appelant, plutôt que l’invalidation de la théorie de la survaleur, sa relance critique dans des analyses de l’exploitation devant inclure, non seulement une grande contradiction entre capital et travail, mais aussi des contradictions spécifiques au sein du travail, qui ne peuvent rester sans conséquences pour l’analyse « marxiste » des articulations entre théorie critique du capitalisme, composition de classes, et mouvements ou formes de mobilisation politiques.
Le matérialisme psychologique de Georges Bataille : de la revue Documents à La Critique sociale
Authors: Jacquard Aurore
Published: March 2018

Emprunter à Freud une « représentation de la matière » : à cette seule condition le matérialisme pourrait éviter de devenir un « idéalisme gâteux ». Cette étrange proposition de l’article « Matérialisme » du dictionnaire critique de la revue Documents nous permet de parcourir les textes que Bataille écrit entre 1928 et 1934 et d’y déceler non pas tant l’élaboration d’une doctrine matérialiste mais une problématisation de l’attitude matérialiste qui s’articule autour d’un certain rapport, implicite ou explicite, à la pensée freudienne. L’originalité de la position de Bataille tient à ceci qu’il n’a pas cherché à produire de synthèse entre la psychanalyse et le marxisme, entre l’inconscient et l’histoire. Il a plutôt avancé que la critique de l’économie politique et la psychanalyse parlent, en un certain point , de la même chose.
Pierre Macherey, philosophe littéraire
Authors: Binoche Bertrand
Published: March 2018

Les travaux de Pierre Macherey se répartissent en plusieurs grands massifs, selon qu’ils portent sur l’histoire des grands textes philosophiques, sur l’histoire des institutions philosophiques ou enfin sur ce qu’il nomme aujourd’hui « philosophie littéraire ». En repartant de l’ouvrage publié en 1966, Pour une théorie de la production littéraire , le présent article s’attache d’abord à montrer qu’il s’agit là de trois fronts solidaires où se poursuit une et une seule entreprise : critiquer l’idéologie sans prendre appui sur la « Théorie » que revendiquait Althusser. Il privilégie ensuite le troisième de ces fils et analyse ce que peut signifier « philosopher avec (et non sur) la littérature ». La préposition n’est pas univoque, elle enveloppe plusieurs possibilités dont l’entrelacs fait la richesse.
La rivalité russo-américaine en Syrie : une nouvelle guerre froide ?
Authors: Barkhudaryants Alexander
Published: March 2018

La crise syrienne fait de nouveau émerger la rivalité russo-américaine et, plus généralement, russo-occidentale au Moyen-Orient. La tentation est grande de qualifier ces tensions de « nouvelle guerre froide ». Cette terminologie qui opère un retour vers l’acmé des tensions russo-américaines est-elle justifiée ? Pour y répondre nous suggérons d’analyser trois dimensions de cette confrontation telle qu’elle s’est illustrée ces dernières années dans le dossier syrien : idéologique (liée aux représentations de part et d’autre), stratégique et diplomatique.
The Russian arms sales to Iran and their (in)consequences on Russia-Israel military-industrial relations
Authors: Burgos Erik
Published: March 2018

En dépit d’un développement fructueux ces deux dernières décennies, la coopération militaro-technologique entre la Russie et Israël demeure un sujet récurrent de débat pour la stratégie de sécurité de cette dernière, notamment en raison de l’assiduité des ventes d’armements russes à l’Iran. Cet article vise à démontrer que la logique de pérennisation commerciale joue un rôle fondamental dans la légitimation de l’architecture coopérative mise en place par les industriels russes et israéliens de la défense. Après avoir passé en revue l’historique et les fondements de ce rapprochement sectoriel, l’article aborde les paradoxes liés aux liens entretenus par la Russie avec deux États ennemis. Aucune conséquence majeure n’est attendue de cette double évolution.
Les relations russo-turques au prisme des enjeux énergétiques
Authors: Rebière Noémie
Published: March 2018

Cet article analyse le poids du facteur énergétique dans les relations russo-turques, sans perdre de vue le contexte régional, miné par des crises géopolitiques complexes. Au-delà de leurs convergences stratégiques, la Russie et la Turquie ont chacune des velléités de puissance, tant au niveau régional qu’international. Elles coopèrent et sont interdépendantes dans la région de la mer Noire avec le projet de gazoduc Turkish Stream, mais se confrontent et sont en compétition au Moyen-Orient – notamment en Syrie et en Irak. Cet article cherche à montrer la complexité et l’enchevêtrement des enjeux énergétiques, militaires et géopolitiques dans la relation entre ces deux puissances.