bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is homo oeconomicus an extinct species, and does it matter for EUropean integration? Attitudes towards free trade and populism
Authors: Gawroska-Nowak Bogna
Published: June 2019

The latest Nobel Prize winner in economics, Richard Thaler, was rewarded 'for his contributions to behavioural economics'. Thaler and Sustain claim that there are 'nudges', not pure rationality, that drive people decision-making processes. A 2017 CEPR report reveals that economic factors
do matter with regards to trust in the political institutions of the EU but they do not play the main role. Therefore, it seems quite natural to ask: what is an explanatory power of economics in grasping the recent social behaviour dynamics, including the European integration processes and
actual rise of radicalism and populism? Can economics contribute to a better understanding of those issues and can it come up with some practical solutions? To answer these questions I explore both theoretical backgrounds in economics and some empirical studies. I also refer to the results
of my recent research on the Polish social perception of free trade agreements. I investigate how much the limits of EUrope are related to the limits of economics.
Direct Detection of Monoclonal Free Light Chains in Serum by Use of Immunoenrichment-Coupled MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Sepiashvili Lusia , Kohlhagen Mindy C , Snyder Melissa R , Willrich Maria A V , Mills John R , Dispenzieri Angela , Murray David L
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND

Free light chain (FLC) quantification is the most analytically sensitive blood-based method commercially available to diagnose and monitor patients with plasma cell disorders (PCDs). However, instead of directly detecting monoclonal FLCs (mFLCs), FLC assays indirectly assess clonality based on quantifying κ and λ FLCs and determination of the к/λ FLC ratio. Often an abnormal FLC ratio is the only indication of a PCD, and confirmation by a direct method increases diagnostic confidence. The aim of this study was to develop an analytically sensitive method for direct detection of mFLCs.

METHODS

Patient sera (n = 167) previously assessed by nephelometric FLC quantification and immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) were affinity enriched for IgG, IgA, and total and free κ and λ light chains and subjected to MALDI-TOF MS. Relative analytical sensitivity of these methods was determined using serially diluted sera containing mFLCs.

RESULTS

In sera with abnormal FLC ratios (n = 127), 43% of monoclonal proteins were confirmed by IFE, 57% by MALDI-TOF MS without FLC enrichment, and 87% with FLC enrichment MALDI-TOF MS. In sera with normal FLC ratios (n = 40), the FLC MALDI-TOF MS method identified 1 patient with an mFLC. Serial dilution and analysis of mFLC containing sera by IFE, nephelometry, and FLC MALDI-TOF MS demonstrated that FLC MALDI-TOF MS analysis had the highest analytical sensitivity.

CONCLUSIONS

FLC immunoenrichment coupled to MALDI-TOF MS enables direct detection of mFLCs and significantly increases the confirmation of abnormal serum FLC ratios over IFE and MALDI-TOF MS without FLC enrichment, thereby providing added confidence for diagnosing FLC PCDs.
OS PRECEDENTES VINCULANTES E O PROBLEMA DA CONTINGÊNCIA ONTOLÓGICA DO DIREITO
Authors: Pinto Gerson Neves , Raatz Igor , Dietrich William Galle
Published: June 2019

O presente artigo visa revisitar o problema da contingência ontológicado Direito nas lições aristotélicas, com o fito de esclarecer como o Estagirita pensou a diferença entre praxis e poiêsis. Com isso, pretende-se sustentar que as teses precedentalistas no Brasil – sobretudo aquelas que enraizam seus objetivos teóricos na busca por mecanismos que forneçam previsibilidade e certeza ao Direito – ignoram que o problema de indeterminação do Direito é um problema ontológico, que não pode ser resolvido com nenhum “aparato epistemológico” e, por isso, passam a sustentar a cisão entre interpretação e aplicação. Em sede de conclusão, pretende-se, assim, demonstrar que o próprio marco inicial (ou o fundamento) de tais teorias é equivocado, motivo pelo qual todo o desenvolvimento teórico restante fica comprometido.
ATIVISMO JUDICIAL E CONSTRUÇÃO DO DIREITO CIVIL: ENTRE DOGMÁTICA E PRÁXIS
Authors: Tepedino Gustavo
Published: June 2019

O triunfo do constitucionalismo democrático e da doutrina da efetividadetraz consigo um novo papel do intérprete. A magistratura, nesse contexto, possui a responsabilidade de concretizar, a partir da atividade jurisdicional, os valores e os fins constitucionais, o que, por vezes, poderá representar ativismo judicial, na medida em que se revelar necessário interferir na esfera de atuação dos demais poderes. A noção de ativismo, portanto, como ruptura do formalismo positivista, mostra-se benfazejo e alvissareiro método hermenêutico em prol da efetividade dos comandos constitucionais, contanto que se estabeleçam balizas predefinidas para a atuação do magistrado, evitando, assim, desequilíbrio na moldura institucional em que se assentam as democracias contemporâneas. Oartigo propõe, nessa linha, reflexão acerca do ativismo judicial na  experiência brasileira. Procura-se ilustrar os perigos que se camuflam na adoção de técnica interpretativa conservadora na figura dos sete pecados capitais.
PRINCÍPIOS ORIENTADORES DAS NAÇÕES UNIDAS E A COMPLEXIDADE DE PROTEÇÃO E RESPEITO AOS DIREITOS HUMANOS NO COMBATE AO TRABALHO ESCRAVO NO BRASIL
Authors: De Assis Vinicius , Pamplona Danielle Anne
Published: June 2019

Este artigo procura analisar o avanço dos mecanismos de defesa dos direitos humanos perante o poder econômico, em especial acerca do trabalho escravo no Brasil. Para tanto, será discutido o novo balanço de forças entre Estados e empresas; o desenvolvimento da responsabilização das empresas no âmbito internacional pela elaboração dos Princípios Ruggie e o papel da Organização das Nações Unidas. Para uma observação mais prática do problema, é analisado o Relatório do Grupo de Trabalho das Nações Unidas sobre Empresas e Direitos Humanos no Brasil, em que se avalia como o Estado brasileiro e as empresas atuantes no País estão lidando com as demandas dos direitos humanos. E, por fim, considerações mais específicas sobre o trabalho escravo no Brasil e as propostas de enfrentamento desta questão sob a perspectiva dos Princípios Ruggie. Essa pesquisa foi realizada por meio de uma abordagem descritiva e desenvolvida com base em estudos bibliográficos.
AÇÕES AFIRMATIVAS E JUDICIALIZAÇÃO DA POLÍTICA: UM OLHAR BASEADO NA TEORIA DE JOHN RAWL
Authors: Mazarotto Eduardo Brugnolo , Quadros Doacir Gonçalves de
Published: June 2019

Neste artigo serão abordados alguns aspectos relativos às ações afirmativas do Estado quando, em sua omissão ou falhas nas políticas públicas aplicadas, acabam os direitos de minorias somente sendo resguardados através de interferência judicial, visando garantir acesso a bens e direitos fundamentais. Toda esta problemática será abordada e correlacionada, ainda, na visão do autor John Rawls, com base em sua obra maior "Uma teoria de justiça". Neste sentido, a judicialização da política pode ser interpretada como um procedimento jurisdicional ao qual pugna, em termos concretos, proceder a aplicação do princípio da igualdade e acesso às liberdades e direitos do Estado. Assim sendo, sem o objetivo de esgotamento do tema, será apresentada problematização nesta seara, especialmente quando a judicialização de políticas públicas se coloca em conflito com a dicotomia direito e política.
DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS, LIMITES E CONDICIONANTES ARGUMENTATIVAS: A CONTROVÉRSIA CONSTITUCIONAL NÃO RESOLVIDA SOBRE O BANCO DE DADOS COM MATERIAL GENÉTICO DE CONDENADOS
Authors: Maroubo Felipe Pereira
Published: June 2019

O artigo busca avaliar as controvérsias constitucionais inerentes à Lei nº 12.645/2012, que prevê a coleta obrigatória de material biológico, para obtenção do perfil genético, aos condenados por determinados delitos. Na primeira parte, realiza-se a exposição preliminar da controvérsia. Em seguida, faz-se um breve histórico do percurso da identificação criminal, bem como se discutem os limites dos poderes do Estado, a proteção da vida privada e o tratamento em direito comparado. Na terceira parte, apresenta-se o leading case, no Brasil, do Recurso Extraordinário nº 973.837 / MG. A quarta parte indaga a constitucionalidade e a legitimidade em submeter-se o condenado à coleta de material biológico para a obtenção do perfil genético a partir de discussões sobre: os limites às intervenções corporais no condenado; o princípio da legalidade; os direitos à não autoincriminação, à integridade física, psíquica ou moral, à privacidade; e o direito do Estado de combater a criminalidade. Por fim, para evitar reducionismos à mera inconstitucionalidade, adotar-se-á um caminho do meio, que admita o banco de dados de perfil genético de condenados, porém segundo parâmetros, arguidos pelos amici curiae no mencionado Recurso Extraordinário.
PRERROGATIVA DE FORO E JURISDIÇÃO CONSTITUCIONAL: UMA ANÁLISE EM PERSPECTIVA HISTÓRICA E DA MUDANÇA NA JURISPRUDÊNCIA DO SUPREMO TRIBUNAL FEDERAL
Authors: Biasi Lourenço , Santos Samuel Martins dos
Published: June 2019

O artigo tem como tema o delineamento institucional da prerrogativa de foro nas Constituições brasileiras e do recente posicionamento jurisprudencial sobre a matéria. O problema questiona a ampliação do número de cargos com a prerrogativa a partir de parâmetros republicanos, como também as mudanças da jurisprudência que transformou o instituto mais restrito nos últimos anos. A metodologia dedutiva foi utilizada na análise histórica, e indutiva no referente aos casos decididos pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal entre os anos de 2016-2018. Concluímos que a perspectiva histórica comprova uma ampliação substantiva dos cargos abarcados pela prerrogativa de foro, e que tal elemento serviu de base para decisões do Supremo Tribunal Federal mais restritivas a sua incidência, também merecem destaque aspectos formais e materiais das decisões da Suprema Corte que tiveram grande impacto na interpretação do instituto e também nas relações entre o Poder Judiciário e o Poder Legislativo.
AS ESTRATÉGIAS RETÓRICAS NA ARGUMENTAÇÃO JURÍDICA: ESTUDO DE CASO DA AÇÃO CAUTELAR Nº 4039/DF
Authors: Parini Pedro , Santos de Abreu Dã Filipe
Published: June 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo descobrir as estratégias argumentativas usadas na decisão judicial, proferida na Ação Cautelar nº 4039/DF, que determinou a prisão preventiva de um senador da República, algo até então inédito e que contraria a interpretação literal do artigo 53, § 2º, da Constituição Federal. Como metodologia de análise, aplicou-se a retórica analítica, na forma como pensada inicialmente por Ottmar Ballweg e desenvolvida posteriormente por João Maurício Adeodato e Pedro Parini. Este trabalho começa apresentando os três níveis do método retórico, seguindo-se breve exposição de algumas estratégias da argumentação e após é feito o estudo do caso. Na conclusão, são tecidos comentários sobre os motivos que levaram o julgador a escolher aqueles argumentos e é discutida a utilidade de uma análise retórica no direito.
ONFLITOS NORMATIVOS E PONDERAÇÃO NO NOVO CÓDIGO DE PROCESSO CIVIL: PROBLEMAS TEÓRICOS, CONCEITUAIS E METODOLÓGICOS
Authors: Urban Renan Lucas Dutra
Published: June 2019

A ponderação é objeto de críticas as mais diversas no âmbito da teoria do Direito. Por um lado, há a objeção que questiona a objetividade e a racionalidade dessa forma de aplicação do Direito. Por outro, há a crítica relacionada à falta de rigor na utilização dessa categoria e de outros conceitos da teoria dos princípios de Robert Alexy. Este trabalho visa a analisar alguns problemas de ordem teórica, conceitual e metodológica que subjazem ao artigo 489, parágrafo segundo, do novo Código de Processo Civil, o qual prevê a possibilidade de se aplicar a ponderação para a solução dos conflitos normativos. Com base especialmente na dimensão analítica da abordagem dogmática, procura-se enfatizar, aqui, os perigos de uma prática jurídica confusa, isto é, que se vale da ponderação – e de outras ferramentas argumentativas – sem se atentar para seus pressupostos e implicações.
Mapping and Characterizing the Green Belt of Córdoba: Land Dynamics and the Urban-Rural Transformation Process
Authors: Mari Nicolás A. , Mari Nicolás A. , Giobellina Beatriz , Giobellina Beatriz , Benitez Alejandro , Benitez Alejandro , Marinelli Victoria , Marinelli Victoria , Marinelli Victoria
Published: June 2019

In Córdoba, Argentina, the peri-urban horticulture is in conflict with industrial agriculture and urban development. This problem is partly due to urban expansion to rural areas occurred in the last years and to monoculture farming, which has replaced traditional fruit and vegetable cropping in the region. This transformation process has raised concern about the current and future availability of productive sectors that can sustain food supply within the city boundaries and its immediate surroundings as well as about the loss of ecosystem services associated with peri-urban natural environments. Although these dynamic processes are well known, they have not been described or quantified in Córdoba. Baseline information about land use and its dynamics in productive areas or about number of producers is insufficient and/or out of date. At O-AUPA (Spanish acronym for Observatory of Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture and Agroecology) different mapping strategies are developed to contribute to the understanding of the land dynamics in the Green Belt of Córdoba (GBC) and the rural environments surrounding the city. In this work, we present a method based on the use of remote sensing and geographical information systems to characterize urban, peri-urban and rural areas of Córdoba city with the aim of evaluating the temporal dynamics of urban growth and the current state of land use and cover. We mapped and quantified the urban growth between 1974 and 2014, and evaluated land use in peri-urban and rural areas in 2015. We used satellite information from Landsat TM 5 to map the urban growth via a principal component analysis (PCA) and SPOT 5 imagery to characterize the current land use and land cover with the support vector machine classification algorithm. The results show an urban area growth of 46.5% over almost 40 years within the boundaries of the Capital department. Farm plot size increased, showing a concentration of land ownership, implying a reduced number of producers. Evidence indicates the importance of defining land planning guidelines that limit the advance of the urban frontier to valuable agricultural systems, ensure diversification of productive activities and protect and develop the fresh food production systems at the local level.
Impact of Obesity and Alanine Aminotransferase Levels on the Diagnostic Accuracy for Advanced Liver Fibrosis of Noninvasive Tools in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Petta Salvatore , Wai-Sun Wong Vincent , Bugianesi Elisabetta , Fracanzani Anna Ludovica , Cammà Calogero , Hiriart Jean-Baptiste , Lai-Hung Wong Grace , Vergniol Julien , Wing-Hung Chan Anthony , Giannetti Aurora , Merrouche Wassil , Lik-Yuen Chan Henry , Le-Bail Brigitte , Lombardi Rosa , Guastella Salvatore , Craxì Antonio , de Ledinghen Victor
Published: June 2019

INTRODUCTION:

Some evidence suggests an interference of obesity and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels on the diagnostic accuracy for advanced fibrosis of noninvasive tools such as liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by FibroScan, Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4), and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS). We assessed whether the diagnostic accuracy of LSM, Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4), and NFS and strategies based on the combination of these tools is affected by obesity and/or ALT levels.

METHODS:

We analyzed data from 968 patients with a histological diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. FIB-4, NFS, and LSM by FibroScan were measured.

RESULTS:

LSM was better than both FIB-4 and NFS for staging F3-F4 fibrosis area under the receiver operating characteristic curve test (AUC) 0.863, 0.777, and 0.765, respectively; P < 0.001 for both), showing higher accuracy and higher negative predictive value (NPV), but lower positive predictive value (PPV). LSM worked less well in high ALT (>100 IU) (AUC 0.811 vs 0.877, P = 0.04; PPV 57.5% vs 62.4%; NPV 90.7% vs 94%) or obese patients (AUC 0.786 vs 0.902, P < 0.001; PPV 58.7% vs 64.8%; NPV 88.3% vs 95.2%), the latter not being affected by the M or XL probe. Consistently, LSM worked better in terms of AUC and accuracy compared with both FIB-4 and NFS only in nonobese or high ALT patients, even with always keeping a slightly lower PPV. A serial combination of FIB-4 or NFS with LSM as the second test in patients in the gray area of the first test retained—in most scenarios—similar PPV and NPV compared with LSM alone. These strategies also increased the diagnostic accuracy of about 20% in all groups of patients, even if with a lower overall accuracy in obese patients (71.3% and 67.1% for FIB-4 and NFS as the first test, respectively) compared to nonobese patients (81.9% and 82.4% for FIB-4 and NFS as the first test, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:

All tested noninvasive tools have overall better NPV than PPV. LSM has a better diagnostic accuracy for advanced fibrosis than both FIB-4 and NFS only in nonobese and/or low ALT patients. Serial combination strategies are better than a single tool strategy, regardless of obesity and ALT levels, although the accuracy is lower in obese patients.
Biodegradation of the artificial sweetener saccharin in surface waters and groundwaters
Authors: Slavič Anja , Kalčikova Gabriela , Jemec Kokalj Anita , Žgajnar Gotvajn Andreja
Published: June 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biodegradability of the artificial sweetener saccharin in surface waters and groundwater. Artificial sweeteners are generally persistent under environmental conditions and have been recently classified as emerging pollutants. Biodegradability in three surface waters and one groundwater was tested: the rivers Ljubljanica, Pivka, and Unica, and the groundwater Planina Cave (river Pivka). Under environmentally relevant conditions, saccharin degraded well in hypertrophic water (98%, 14 days) due to high concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen. There was a longer lag phase and biodegradation time compared to the optimum conditions achieved in the standardized laboratory test. It has been concluded that saccharin is biodegradable in natural waters if said waters contain enough microorganisms and nutrients.
Salivary cortisol is not associated with incident insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Gariani Karim , Marques-Vidal Pedro , Waeber Gérard , Vollenweider Peter , Jornayvaz François R
Published: June 2019

Background

Excessive glucocorticoid secretion has been associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and other features of the metabolic syndrome. We aimed to evaluate whether basal or evening salivary cortisol may predict the occurrence of incident insulin resistance (IR) or T2DM.

Method

This was a prospective, population-based study derived from the CoLaus/PsyCoLaus study including 1525 participants (aged 57.7 ± 10.3 years; 725 women). A total of 1149 individuals were free from T2DM at baseline. Fasting plasma glucose and insulin were measured after a follow-up of 5.3 years. Basal and evening salivary cortisol were measured at baseline. The association between basal or evening salivary cortisol level and incidence of IR or T2DM were analyzed by logistic regression, and the results were expressed for each independent variable as ORs and 95% CI.

Results

After a median follow-up of 5.3 years, a total of 376 subjects (24.7%) developed IR and 32 subjects (2.1%) developed T2DM. Basal and evening salivary cortisol divided in quartiles were not associated with incidence of IR or T2DM. Multivariable analysis for age, gender, body mass index, physical activity and smoking status showed no association between basal or evening salivary cortisol and incidence of IR or T2DM.

Conclusion

In the CoLaus/PsyCoLaus study of healthy adults, neither basal nor evening salivary cortisol was associated with incident IR or T2DM.
Comparative Transcriptome Analyses Revealed Conserved and Novel Responses to Cold and Freezing Stress in Brassica napus L
Authors: Xin He , Xianchao Ni , Pan Xie , Wei Liu , Min Yao , Yu Kang , Lunwen Qin , Wei Hua
Published: June 2019

Oil rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is a typical winter biennial plant, with high cold tolerance during vegetative stage. In recent years, more and more early-maturing rapeseed varieties were planted across China. Unfortunately, the early-maturing rapeseed varieties with low cold tolerance have higher risk of freeze injury in cold winter and spring. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms for coping with different low-temperature stress conditions in rapeseed. In this study, we investigated 47,328 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of two early-maturing rapeseed varieties with different cold tolerance treated with cold shock at chilling (4°) and freezing (−4°) temperatures, as well as chilling and freezing stress following cold acclimation or control conditions. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated that two conserved (the primary metabolism and plant hormone signal transduction) and two novel (plant-pathogen interaction pathway and circadian rhythms pathway) signaling pathways were significantly enriched with differentially-expressed transcripts. Our results provided a foundation for understanding the low-temperature stress response mechanisms of rapeseed. We also propose new ideas and candidate genes for genetic improvement of rapeseed tolerance to cold stresses.
A Powerful Method To Test Associations Between Ordinal Traits and Genotypes
Authors: Wang Jinjuan , Ding Juan , Huang Shouyou , Li Qizhai , Pan Dongdong
Published: June 2019

The methods commonly used to test the associations between ordinal phenotypes and genotypes often treat either the ordinal phenotype or the genotype as continuous variables. To address limitations of these approaches, we propose a model where both the ordinal phenotype and the genotype are viewed as manifestations of an underlying multivariate normal random variable. The proposed method allows modeling the ordinal phenotype, the genotype and covariates jointly. We employ the generalized estimating equation technique and M-estimation theory to estimate the model parameters and deduce the corresponding asymptotic distribution. Numerical simulations and real data applications are also conducted to compare the performance of the proposed method with those of methods based on the logit and probit models. Even though there may be potential limitations in Type I error rate control for our method, the gains in power can prove its practical value in case of exactly ordinal phenotypes.
Inglés por radio: Punto de encuentro entre la Docencia y la Acción Social
Authors: Barrantes Torres Daniela Maria , González Ramírez Ana Carolina , Valverde Vargas Mariana
Published: June 2019

El presente artículo expone el trabajo que se ha llevado a cabo en el proyecto de acción social siglas ED-964 Lenguas Modernas a su Alcance. Este proyecto de extensión docente pretende formar a los radioescuchas, mediante un programa radial, no solo en términos léxico-gramaticales del idioma inglés, sino también en aspectos culturales de países de habla inglesa y en temas de interés social relacionados con la realidad costarricense. En este artículo se hace referencia a los antecedentes del proyecto, al uso de la radio en la enseñanza de un segundo idioma y a conceptos relevantes del hacer, quehacer y funcionar del proyecto. Además, se describen el programa, los recursos utilizados, las formas de divulgación del proyecto y la valoración de la experiencia, la cual, de acuerdo con lo expuesto por la representante de un grupo de impacto y las miembros del programa, ha sido muy enriquecedora y con resultados exponenciales, demostrando el alcance del proyecto en términos educativos y de crecimiento social y personal.
Atención a la diversidad en la Educación Superior: Una propuesta desde el Trabajo Comunal Universitario (TCU)
Authors: Quesada Ligia
Published: June 2019

Este artículo se origina en la ponencia presentada en marzo 2017 en el Congreso Internacional sobre Educación Inclusiva en Oviedo, España.  Resume los resultados del trabajo realizado en el proyecto TCU-669, Trabajo Comunal Universitario “Atención a la diversidad en el marco de la Educación Inclusiva”. Este proyecto se implementó en el año 2016 como un plan piloto y su objetivo general fue promover acciones que mejoren las condiciones de educación para las personas, en condición de discapacidad y de esta manera coadyuvar en la consecución de metas académicas que mejoren su calidad de vida. Aunque el objetivo del proyecto se planteó en función de los individuos que recibirían el servicio, ha resultado sumamente exitoso porque ha sido una forma de concientizar a los estudiantes universitarios acerca de la diversidad y las diferentes necesidades que pueden tener los seres humanos, además les permite adquirir habilidades deseables para desarrollarse como profesionales en una sociedad diversa.  Estudiantes de diferentes carreras se matriculan en este Trabajo Comunal Universitario (TCU), lo que viene a significar para ellos un gran desafío, ya que tienen que desarrollar un sinnúmero de actividades con personas en condición de discapacidad.
Más allá de los límites de la ideología: subjetividad y deseo
Authors: Arrieta-Salas Carlos , Martínez-Herrera Manuel
Published: June 2019

En el presente artículo se establece un vínculo entre ideología y constitución de la subjetividad, en función de la estructura social, lo simbólico, lo subjetivo y lo inconsciente como partes integrales de la realidad humana. Se impone aquí, una mirada más allá del ejercicio del poder –consustancial a los dominios ideológicos– que clásicamente ha sido estudiado por las ciencias sociales y particularmente por la sociología. La ideología es interpelada en este trabajo, a partir de la dimensión del deseo, el cual emerge en el lugar donde se fisura la estructura social y se quiebra su tiranía normativa en razón de su incapacidad de dar respuesta a una demanda subjetiva-instintiva imposible. Se propone dicha carencia perenne, como el origen del movimiento y del cambio social. Se plantea que las ideologías devienen como una suerte de formación de compromiso entre un deseo innombrado y la imposibilidad de su realización, a manera de un cumplimiento sustitutivo que siempre queda en deuda.
Las funciones ejecutivas y la regulación del aprendizaje de universitarios
Authors: Gualpa-Naranjo Kenneth , Valencia-Paredes Daniela , Barrera-Sandoval Daniel , Robles-Luna Daniel , Portocarrero-Montoya Kevin , Rodríguez-Armijos Ronnie , Ramos-Galarza Carlos
Published: June 2019

Esta investigación realizó un análisis correlacional entre las funciones ejecutivas (conducta con iniciativa, capacidad para la planificación y la capacidad para supervisar y monitorizar la cognición) y la autorregulación del aprendizaje (gestión de la planificación y gestión de la motivación) en una muestra de 203 estudiantes universitarios entre 18 y 25 años de edad (Medad = 20.53, DE = 1.77), 109 hombres (53.7%) y 94 mujeres (47.3%). En los resultados se encontraron relaciones significativas entre: gestión de la motivación y capacidad para la planificación (r = .49, p = <.001), gestión de la motivación y conducta con iniciativa (r = .464, p = <.001), gestión de la planificación y capacidad para supervisar y monitorizar la cognición (r = .51, p = <.001). No se encontraron diferencias significativas al comparar las variables dependientes según el género o estado civil (t(201) = .07, p =.79), lateralidad (t(201)= 1.46, p =.22), género o carrera (x2(203) =11.88, p =.04) y tiempo de estudio (x2 (203) = 1.55, p =.46). Como conclusión, se sugiere que las funciones ejecutivas tienen una correlación moderada con el aprendizaje de los universitarios, mismas que en conjunto con la autorregulación del aprendizaje, aportan de manera significativa, para que el universitario presente un mejor rendimiento académico. Se cierra el reporte, resaltando la necesidad de realizar más investigaciones en esta temática para el beneficio de los universitarios.
Extraction and characterisation of Brucella abortus strain RB51 rough lipopolysaccharide
Authors: A. A. , Naserpour Farivar T. , Peymani A. , Aslanimehr M. , Bagheri Nejad R.
Published: June 2019

Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease with considerable impacts on human and animal health. Brucella abortus strain RB51 vaccine is used for prevention of bovine brucellosis in Iran. Due to strain roughness, available serological tests cannot detect vaccinated animals. Detection of serological responses to the vaccine is important to monitor accurate vaccination implementation. Rough lipopolysaccharide (RLPS) of RB51 strain was extracted and characterised to develop serological tests for diagnosis of vaccinated animals. RLPS was extracted using phenol-chloroform-petroleum ether and evaluated by limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID). According to our results, the extracted RLPS caused positive reaction in LAL assay. In SDS-PAGE, a band with a molecular weight around 14 kDa was identified after specific staining using silver nitrate. Double AGID of the RLPS with a hyperimmune serum resulted in a precipitation line formation. Our study showed that the method can be successfully used to extract RLPS from Brucella abortus strain RB51 as confirmed by LAL assay, PAGE and AGID.
Changes in spent nuclear fuel due to dry interim storage
Authors: Duro L. , Riba O. , Martínez-Esparza A. , Bruno J.
Published: June 2019

The assessment of the main changes expected for spent nuclear fuel from its discharge to its deposition in a deep geological repository is of the outmost relevance to establish the initial conditions of the disposal. In this work, a literature review and a critical discussion of the main processes that will affect the structure and the inventory of the spent nuclear fuel during its interim dry storage is presented. Once the irradiation period is finished, the following changes are observed: i) the fuel pellet is fragmented due to the temperature gradient established during the irradiation stage. On average between 10-15 fragments are observed per pellet. ii) the initial gap existing between the pellet and the cladding decreases or disappears depending on the burnup. iii) a radial zonation is observed in the microstructure of the pellet. For burnup over 40MWd/KgU, the rim develops a porosity increase due to the high local burnup and the low temperature in the periphery. The rim also presents small bubbles of fission gases. This high burnup structure implies a degradation of the thermic conductivity in the pellet, that leads to a temperature increase in the center of the pellet with a subsequent migration of the fission gases and other impurities to the grain boundaries. The implications that all these changes may have on the spent fuel behaviour is presented and discussed.
Bentonite Interaction with Saline High-pH Solutions
Authors: Tiina Heikola , Ulla Vuorinen
Published: June 2019

Degradation of cementitious materials produces leachates of high pH. Such an alkaline plume, if reaching the bentonite buffer, is likely to induce mineralogical and chemical changes in bentonite over long times and may jeopardise the set safety function of the buffer.The objective of this ongoing research is to study the possible alterations of two bentonites, MX-80 and Deponit CA-N, in alkaline leachates at two different temperatures. Also the buffering capacity of the bentonites against high pH will be evaluated.

The ongoing batch experiments are carried out in an anaerobic glove-box (Ar atmosphere, low CO2) at two temperatures (25/60 °C) with three types of simulated cement waters (pH 9.7/9,3, 11.3/10.2 and 12.0/10.9) at 25/0 °C) and one saline groundwater simulate (pH 8.3/7.9) as reference. The solid to liquid ratio used is 1/10. For each set of experiments there are three parallels so that bentonite alteration can be analysed after three different time periods. In the experiment each bentonite sample is leached with several batches of leaching solution. For each renewal of the leaching solution the phases are separated by centrifugation, the reacted solution withdrawn and the chemical composition analysed.

The high-pH experiments (11.3 and 12.0, at 25°C) have continuously shown an initial decrease in the pH-values after each leachate renewal, albeit less dramatic than in the beginning, indicating remaining buffering capacity of the bentonites. The other two experiments (pH 8.3 and 9.7 at 25°C) have shown rather unaltered pH-values. In general, slightly lower pH-values were observed in the Deponit CA-N samples than in those of MX-80. The main cations (Na and Ca) analysed in the leachates have shown a rather expected trends as a result of ion-exchange occurring in the bentonites. The analysed Si concentrations indicate possible dissolution of smectite. More conclusions are possible after the bentonites have been characterized. One experimental set of the 25 °C experiments has been finished and the bentonite phases are being characterized. Other experiment sets are still continued.
Impact of Film Structure on Ionization Energy of Titanyl-Phthalocyanine in Thin Films
Authors: Hosokai Takuya , Yonezawa Keiichirou , Makino Rintaro , Kanayama Noritsugu , Koganezawa Tomoyuki , Okudaira Koji K. , Kera Satoshi , Ueno Nobuo
Published: June 2019

Structure-related ionization energy (IE) of vacuum-deposited titanyl-phthalocyanine (OTiPc) thin films was investigated by using in situ ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and X-ray diffractometry. Distinct molecular orientations (i.e. lying-flat and standing-up orientation) in different polymorphous (i.e. monoclinic β-phase and triclinic α-phase) were observed on a surface of polycrystalline (poly-) Au and octadecyltrichlorosilane-self assembled monolayer (OTS-SAM). For the two structures IE of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of OTiPc thin films altered significantly by 0.55 eV. The different IE was attributed to surface dipole potential and strong intermolecular interaction.
Approaching materials science and solar energy to Uruguayan school children
Authors: Barthaburu M. Pérez , Aguiar I. , Bañobre C. , Galain I. , Cárdenas A. , Mombrú M. , Noguera A. , Pereira H. Bentos , Chialanza M. Rodríguez , Fornaro L.
Published: June 2019

There is an extended concern related to renewable energies in South America. Particularly the Uruguayan government is encouraging initiatives in solar, biofuels and eolic wind energy issues. On the other hand, and in a similar manner than in other countries, Uruguay celebrates the “Science and Technology Week”, an activity annually organized, focused on sharing knowledge between scientists and technologists and society. In 2012, this week was devoted to energy and sustainability. In this framework we carried out an interactive activity in five primary school classes with the aim of bringing materials science and solar energy to children between 10 and 12 years old. In the beginning of the activity we asked students to complete a brief survey containing a few questions about materials and energy. This survey allowed us to further the children’s knowledge about these topics. Then, we introduced materials science history relating it with mankind development. From the active participation of children in the activity, we derived to materials applied in solar cells, performing demonstrations with real solar cells and showing their importance for improving our country energetic efficiency while preserving the environment. At the end of each activity students showed great enthusiasm about including alternative energies in their daily life. Furthermore, they realized the importance of materials science, and were capable of understanding the relation between materials and the development of solar cells. We consider the spread of this activity as an excellent way of creating consciousness from an early age, which will help in the achievement of a more sustainable country.
Connecting with the Public on ‘Nano’ – Lessons from a Demo Using Ouzo and Laser Pointers
Authors: Pinschmidt Robert , Kai Marc
Published: June 2019

The general public is typically positive towards ‘Nano’, but often have limited and anecdotal information from which to draw informed conclusions. We present lessons learned from a new demonstration for 1-on-1 and small group science expo table use that appears to captivate and lead to active learning for ages seven to adult. ‘Making Nanoparticles with Ouzo’ covers: 1. issues in measuring and seeing small particles; 2. light as having wave properties with wavelengths in the nm range; 3. using green (510 nm) and red (650 nm) laser pointers as ‘rulers’; 4. using the liqueur Ouzo (a blend of water, alcohol and water insoluble anethole oil) to illustrate and ‘illuminate’ nanoparticles invisible to the naked eye; 5. demonstrating that the anethole particles do not initially scatter laser light, but do as water is added and particle sizes increase; 6. allowing a visitor to ‘make nanoparticles’ by warming up a cold dispersion of cloudy anethole particles (micron size) in warm water until they vanish.

Although a lot of information is presented, a surprising amount of it seems to stick, if it is presented and built in story form from widely appreciated concepts, with samples and props people can see and hold, and with a few diagrams and written descriptions.
Multidisciplinary NanoScience Concentration Certificate Program at UTB: Activities and Lessons Learned
Authors: Martirosyan Karen S.
Published: June 2019

The development of a novel multidisciplinary Nanoscience Concentration Certificate Program (NCCP) at University of Texas at Brownsville (UTB) is reported. The NCCP intended to prepare undergraduate students to emerging nanotechnology markets, industry trends, cutting edge research and technology developments. The rationale for the NCCP is to integrate and expand nanotechnology-relevant courses within a comprehensive curriculum. The established certificate program includes the following seven new upper level undergraduate courses: (i) Introduction to Nanoscience, (ii) Engineering of Nanomaterials, (iii) Nanofabrication and Nanoelectronics, (iv) Introduction to Bio-Nanotechnology, (v) Environmental Nanotechnology, (vi) NanoOptics, (vii) Capstone Design. This program is designed to address the needs for a multidisciplinary undergraduate education at the UTB, which extends beyond traditional courses within science and engineering disciplines. The designed courses will expose students to the nanotechnology areas as part of integration of nanoscience in UTB’s undergraduate programs. To complete the NCCP and receive a Certificate in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, students must complete 12 credit-hours of NCCP courses. Our ultimate goal is to establish and maintain at UTB a practical, modular, scalable, transferrable and implementable educational STEM platform in nano-sciences, engineering and nanotechnology. The goal of this paper is to examine an instructional technique for Introduction to Nanoscience course as an example for promoting student understanding of scientific concepts and explanations by using combines teaching learning activities and research oriented strategies.
Electronic Structure of One-Dimensional Biradical Molecular Chain
Authors: Koike H. , Ogawa K. , Kubo T. , Uchida K. , Chikamatsu M. , Azumi R. , Mase K. , Kanai K.
Published: June 2019

We investigated electronic structure of one-dimensional biradical molecular chain which is constructed by exploiting the covalency between organic molecules of a diphenyl derivative of s-indacenodiphenalene (Ph2-IDPL). To control the crystallinity, we used gas deposition method. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) revealed developed band structure with wide dispersion of the one-dimensional biradical molecular chain.
Thermal Modeling of the Optical Fiber Drawing Process
Authors: Papamichael Haris , Miaoulis Ioannis N.
Published: June 2019

A new general method for determining the local dimensionless heat convection coefficient (Nusselt number) and the temperature distribution in thin and thick optical fibers during the drawing process was developed. The axial heat transfer by conduction was included in the analysis as an addition to previously developed models. The developed model can serve as a general thermal solver for thin (<200μm in dia.) and thick (>200μm in dia.) fibers. The general method was compared with existing methods and it was found to be in agreement in the case of thin fiber analysis but not in the case of thick fiber analysis, where axial conduction effects are significant. Results of a parametric study to examine the effects of diameter of fiber and drawing speed on the temperature distribution are presented.
Accelerated Cooling of Optical Fiber
Authors: Kyriacou S. , Polymeropoulos C. E. , Sernas V.
Published: June 2019

A novel apparatus for accelerated cooling of optical fiber has been used at different fiber speeds using Nitrogen and Helium as the cooling gases. The gas flow was counter to the direction of the fiber motion inside a small diameter tube. The experimental results show significant improvement over natural cooling, as well as over available transverse cooling.
On Concentration-Dependent Solid State Diffusion
Authors: Cheng Yang-Tse
Published: June 2019

Using a master equation approach, we derive a general expression for the diffusion coefficient as a function of concentration-dependent jump rates. When this approach is applied to diffusion in a binary solid, Darken's equation for intrinsic diffusion coefficients is derived together with an expression for self diffusion coefficients which satisfies the semi-empirical Ugaste relationship. This analysis suggests that the Darken term and the self diffusion coefficients are in general related.
Compound Formation in Pd Metallized Strained Layers of Sige on Si
Authors: Buxbaum A. , Eizenberg M. , Raizmann A. , Schaffler F.
Published: June 2019

In this paper we report on the formation of compounds following the interaction of Pd with strained epitaxial layers of Si1−xGex (x=0.18) MBE grown on Si( 100), in the temperature range of 200 to 650°C. Compositional and structural analyses show that the dominant compound formed was an hexagonal ternary phase, Pd2Si1−yGey where the value of y is lower than of x, and varies with the reaction temperature. In addition to the ternary phase, the binary phase PdGe was also detected. The hexagonal compound grew in a textured manner with its c-axis oriented along the [100] direction of the Si1−xGex film. High temperature anneals (T≥550°C) resulted in the formation of a double layered structure, with the silicide/germanide compound layer on the surface, and below it a Ge rich epitaxial Si1−xGex layer. Strain relaxation of the unreacted layer occurred for specimens in which the double layer structure appeared (annealing temperature ≥550°C). A mechanism for the formation of the double layered structure is proposed.
Thermodynamic Analysis for the Solid-State Amorphization and Subsequent Crystallization of GaAs/Co
Authors: Shiau F.-Y. , Chen S.-L. , Loomans M. , Chang Y. A.
Published: June 2019

Phase equilibria along the CoGa-CoAs join were determined by DTA and metallography. On the basis of these data and the phase diagram of Co-Ga-As at 600 °C, thermodynamic values for the various phases along the GaAs-Co join were estimated. The Gibbs energy of the amorphous phase is approximated to be that of the supercooled liquid phase. These data were used to rationalize the amorphization process.
Growth Kinetics of an Amorphous Phase Between GaAs and Co
Authors: Shiau F. Y. , Chang Y. A.
Published: June 2019

Solid-state amorphization reaction between GaAs and Co thin-films was investigated by transmission electron micorscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy. Upon annealing of GaAs/Co thin-film couples at 260–300 °C, an amorphous phase was observed to form. The amorphization was attributed to the openness of the GaAs structure relative to the size of the Co atoms. This allows rapid diffusion of Co into the GaAs lattice and promotes the occurrence of SSAR. Annealing at higher temperatures or for longer times led to the formation of a crystalline phase, designated as the μ-phase which was determined to be a metastable supersaturated solid solution of CoAs exhibiting the B31 structure of the approximate composition of Co(Ga. .48As.52). The growth kinetics of both the amorphous phase and the μ-phase are parabolic in nature. The parabolic rate constant is higher for the μ-phase than for the amorphous phase. The activation energies are 1.47 and 1.35 eV, respectively.
First Phase Formation Kinetics in the Reaction of Nb/Al
Authors: Coffey K. R. , Barmak K. , Rudman D. A. , Foner S.
Published: June 2019

Phase Formation kinetics in the reaction of Nb/Al multilaycred thin films were investigated using scanning calorimetry, x-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The first phase to form upon annealing the Nb/Al layered structure is the NbAl3 intermetallic. Its formation is clearly identified by the calorimetry to be a two stage process, which has been modeled as the nucleation and three-dimensional growth to coalescence of the product phase in the plane of the initial interface, followed by the thickening of the product layer by one-dimensional growth perpendicular to the interface plane. For the initial reaction stage the reaction front velocity is higher than can be supported by diffusional transport within the lattice adjacent to the moving interface. Thus diffusion along nonequilibrium interfaces must be the growth mechanism. The large volume fraction consumed during the initial reaction stage indicates a lower nucleation site density than expected at a Nb/Al interface at local equilibrium, suggesting that the interface transport is reducing the driving force for nucleation.
Light Scattering Study of [60] Fullerenol-Based Poly(Urethane-Ether) Star-Shaped Polymers
Authors: Wang Lee Y. , Chiang Long Y.
Published: June 2019

The dynamic behavior of the fullerenol-based polyurethane star-shaped polymer and its analog model stars, containing three or four polymer arms, was investigated in toluene solution by dynamic light scattering measurements. In these systems, the diffusion coefficients clearly showed no angular dependence. In the case of study in dilute solution, all three star polyurethanes were found to possess higher mobility than that of the corresponding linear polyurethane with a similar molecular weight. Furthermore, the conformation of anchoring polymer chains was characterized by the hydrodynamic shrinking factor and compared with the Gaussian model. Results suggested that the polymer arms in the fullerenebased star-polymer were uniformly distributed around the central C60 cage.
Preparation and Characterization of Polycrystalline and Single Crystal Gd Doped Barium Cerium Oxide
Authors: West Dave , Haile S.M. , Feigelson R.S.
Published: June 2019

Polycrystalline samples of BaCexGd1-x03 have been prepared with 0.10 < x < 0.20. X-ray powder diffraction indicates the samples contain only one crystalline phase for doping levels < 0.15. Transmission electron microscopy analyses on the 10% doped sample revealed no glassy phases in the intergranular regions. Single crystal fibers were prepared by Laser Heated Pedestal Growth (LHPG) from the polycrystalline samples. Fiber growth was non-conservative thus the single crystal quality was limited. Preliminary conductivity measurements on the polycrystalline samples using AC impedance spectroscopy are compared with literature data.
Complex Defects In Ci Doped ZnTe And CdTe
Authors: Valdna V.
Published: June 2019

Photoluminescence and conductivity of doped with chlorine and copper ZnTe, Zn(SeTe) and CdTe are investigated. We suppose that interstitial tellurium and complex defects of Tei with a donor dopant Cl can significantly affect the luminescence spectra and conductivity value of ZnTe and CdTe. This assumption is confirmed experimentally. We found that copper dopant in CdTe: Cl can increase the resistivity value of p-type CdTe.