bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entre justice et mémoire, entre public et privé. Politiques contemporaines des archives en Amérique latine
Authors: Compagnon Olivier
Published: April 2022

Il ne fait aucun doute que l’accès aux archives contemporaines de l’Amérique latine est plus ouvert qu’il y a trois ou quatre décennies. À la séquence de militarisation qui a marqué les années 1960-1980 a succédé, avec la fin de la Guerre froide, le temps dit des transitions puis des consolidations démocratiques. Cette nouvelle ère a profondément transformé l’accès aux archives et les conditions d’exercice du métier d’historien. L’examen de ces transformations récentes ne peut toutefois pas faire l’économie d’un certain nombre de considérations structurelles sur le temps long de l’histoire des archives latino-américaines, marquée par l’incurie d’États faibles qui n’eurent jamais les moyens d’une politique raisonnée et pérenne de patrimonialisation du passé. Par ailleurs, les dynamiques récentes d’ouverture des archives ou de fabrique de nouveaux fonds attestent deux grandes singularités : d’un côté, le rôle que jouent les acteurs privés dans la mise à disposition de sources rendant possible une écriture informée de l’histoire du xx e siècle latino-américain ; de l’autre, le puissant moteur politique qu’a constitué la double dynamique judiciaire et mémorielle à l’œuvre dans quinze premières années du xxi e siècle, dans le contexte du « virage à gauche » de l’Amérique latine.
Conflits d’englobement : ordonner les produits et les gestes entre métiers (Paris, XVII e -XVIII e siècles)
Authors: Marraud Mathieu
Published: April 2022

Doit-on évaluer le poids des corporations sur l’économie d’Ancien Régime depuis l’énoncé de leurs privilèges respectifs ? Cette étude entend démontrer que les privilèges corporatifs prenaient sens pour les contemporains, avant tout, par leur mise en relation. À partir de l’exemple de deux communautés parisiennes, les orfèvres et les lapidaires, on voit la manière dont leurs privilèges communiquaient obligatoirement entre eux, ne gagnaient d’intelligence que par leur compétition, étalée sur plus d’un siècle. Au-delà du privilège (sur le sertissage des pierres précieuses, sur la vente des bijoux), ce sont les savoir-faire, les marchandises, les individus qui se disputaient alors un accès légal et légitime aux espaces de la confection et de la commercialisation au sein de la ville. Pour ce faire, les corporations mobilisaient des arguments dépassant de loin ceux de l’efficacité pratique, au profit de nombreuses figures sociales, nouées entre elles : le marchand contre l’artisan, le maître contre l’ouvrier, le créancier contre le débiteur, l’ordonnateur contre l’exécutant. Chaque figure n’était définie que dans cette relation. Plus encore, les privilèges se concevaient selon le système de l’englobement. Quasiment chacun d’eux se voulait en capacité d’englober le privilège d’autrui, au moyen de l’idée de génération ou de filiation : un métier natif d’un autre, un matériau procédant d’un autre, un procédé au service d’un autre, un maître travaillant nécessairement pour un autre, une juridiction comprenant en son ressort celui d’une autre. Une pensée de l’inclusion, plus que de la partition, permettait aux corporations de mettre leurs privilèges en lien au fil de litiges devenus permanents, structurels. La hiérarchisation des personnes et des marchandises, des techniques entre elles, s’opérait à travers l’instabilité quotidienne du conflit (celle des boutiques, des relations de travail), et non à travers un classement de type doctrinal ou encyclopédique. Pour autant, loin d’être l’indice d’un désordre, cette conflictualité des corporations d’Ancien Régime relevait bien d’un principe d’ordre, généralisé.
Chine : l’autre superpuissance
Authors: Hong Yu , Harwit Eric , Hérion Maurice
Published: April 2022

L’Internet chinois bouleverse l’ordre mondial de la communication. Encadré par le «  Great Firewall  » et contrôlé étroitement par l’État, le plus grand cyberespace géolinguistique et national du monde est aussi dominé par des entreprises et financé par des capitaux transnationaux. Pouvoirs publics et plateformes collaborent dès lors à remodeler la mondialisation, mais sont confrontés à des clivages motivationnels et stratégiques.
Chine : l’autre superpuissance
Authors: Labour Bulletin China , Al-Zemmouri Naïm
Published: April 2022

Formellement garantis par des lois adoptées surtout entre 1990 et 2000, les droits des travailleurs chinois sont régulièrement bafoués par les employeurs, avec l’assentiment des autorités. Face à l’inertie des syndicats officiels, des ONG ont pris la relève, en soutenant plusieurs mobilisations ouvrières notables. Mais l’intensification de la répression depuis 2015, sur fond de ralentissement de la croissance, complique leurs activités.
Emergent dynamics of the fractional Cucker-Smale model under general network topologies
Authors: Jung Jinwook , Kuchling Peter
Published: April 2022

We study the fractional Cucker-Smale (in short, CS) model under general network topologies. In [15], the authors introduced the fractional CS model to see the interplay of memory effect and the flocking dynamics in the all-to-all network topology. As an extension of the previous work, we investigate under which network topologies flocking still emerges. Specifically, we first consider the symmetric network case and show that the existence of a leader guarantees the emergence of flocking. Furthermore, we present a framework for the non-symmetric network case where we can observe the flocking. We also conduct numerical simulations to support our theoretical results and see whether our framework gives necessary and sufficient conditions for the emergence of flocking.
Error bounds for linear complementarity problems of $ SD{{D}_{1}} $ matrices and $ SD{{D}_{1}} $-$ B $ matrices
Authors: Zhao Yingxia , Liu Lanlan , Wang Feng
Published: April 2022

An upper bound of the infinity norm for the inverse of $ SD{D_1} $ matrix is presented. We apply the new bound to linear complementarity problems (LCPs) and obtain an alternative error bound for LCPs of $ SD{D_1} $ matrices and $ SD{{D}_{1}} $-$ B $ matrices. In addition, a new lower bound for the smallest singular value is also given. Numerical examples show the validity of the results.
Deterministic and stochastic model for the hepatitis C with different types of virus genome
Authors: Alnafisah Yousef , El-Shahed Moustafa
Published: April 2022

In this paper, a deterministic and stochastic model for hepatitis C with different types of virus genomes is proposed and analyzed. Some sufficient conditions are obtained to ensure the stability of the deterministic equilibrium points. We perform a stochastic extension of the deterministic model to study the fluctuation between environmental factors. Firstly, the existence of a unique global positive solution for the stochastic model is investigated. Secondly, sufficient conditions for the extinction of the hepatitis C virus from the stochastic system are obtained. Theoretical and numerical results show that the smaller white noise can ensure the persistence of susceptible and infected populations while the larger white noise can lead to the extinction of disease. By introducing the basic reproduction number $ R_0 $ and the stochastic basic reproduction number $ R_0^s $, the conditions that cause the disease to die out are indicated. The importance of environmental noise in the propagation of hepatitis C viruses is highlighted by these findings.
Redefiniciones de lo político. La democracia feminista y el interés de «las mujeres»
Authors: Darat Guerra Nicole
Published: April 2022

Mientras Carole Pateman (1988) afirma que «para las feministas la democracia no ha existido jamás», Julieta Kirkwood (1986) sostiene que «no hay democracia sin feminismo». Ambas aluden a la deuda del ideal democrático con la emancipación de las mujeres, e incluso a la función estructural de la exclusión de las mujeres en la democracia liberal. A partir de los encuentros y desencuentros entre democracia y feminismo, el presente artículo pretende ofrecer una definición de la democracia feminista que vaya más allá de la inclusión a través de la acción afirmativa, abordando las tensiones que esta genera en el debate feminista de las últimas décadas y los nuevos desafíos en torno a las políticas de redistribución y de reconocimiento. ¿Es posible superar la opresión y la dominación a partir de políticas centradas en el interés de grupo? ¿Cómo se define ese interés sin esencializar la diferencia? Responder a estas preguntas resulta clave para plantear un concepto eficaz de democracia feminista.
Négocier l’asile diplomatique : les ambassades face au coup d’État du 11 septembre 1973 au Chili
Authors: Moine Caroline
Published: April 2022

À la suite du coup d’État du 11 septembre 1973 contre le gouvernement d’Unité populaire du président socialiste Allende, des centaines de Chiliens et de Latino-Américains fuirent la répression de la junte en cherchant refuge dans les ambassades de Santiago du Chili. Du côté des ambassadeurs européens, en interaction constante avec des partenaires institutionnels ou non, internationaux ou non, et dans un contexte de guerre froide mêlant logiques nationales et internationales, la plupart se retrouvèrent à devoir négocier l’asile diplomatique aussi bien auprès de la junte que de leurs propres gouvernements – dans un complexe processus d’adaptation au jour le jour.
Studying the Relationship Between Electronic Recruitment Determinants and Organization Attractiveness
Authors: Hegazy Nermeen Atef Ahmed , Elsayed Amal Abdelrahman
Published: April 2022

The third millennium witnessed tremendous development in information technology, internet and the various applications that came with that in the field of human resources management and the increasing use of individuals in searching for jobs via the internet. That accompanied by the emergence of sites that provide job seekers with all the information they want about vacancies and jobs without effort or difficulty. All of these changes have become closely related to the relationship between the applicant and the organization. So this study aims to provide a useful conceptualization of Electronic Recruitment (e-recruitment); definition, Determinants, Advantages and The relationship between e-recruitment and other research variables.
Aristotle's Rhetorical Triangle as Applied to Advertisements
Authors: Talaue Gilbert Macalanda
Published: April 2022

This study aims to assess the effectiveness and impact of Aristotle's rhetorical triangle—ethos, pathos, and logos—on the behavior of consumers, focusing particularly on consumer product. Quantitative and qualitative methods including descriptive research design were used. Two hundred respondents from different specialization and year levels participated in the study. Results shows that age influences respondent preference of Aristotle's rhetorical appeals. However, specialization has no influence on respondents' behavior towards Aristotle's rhetorical appeals. Fifty-seven percent of the respondents perceived ethos appeal as the most effective appeal of persuasion. This finding could be due to culture, since Saudis value trust and credibility. Entities that might be affected directly or indirectly by the findings will give them an idea of how to reach and persuade the target audiences. The classical Aristotle's rhetorical triangle is the ancient art of persuasion and remains useful and applicable for communication.
Entrepreneurial University Challenges and Critical Success Factors to Thrive
Authors: Baporikar Neeta
Published: April 2022

Higher education and universities have transformed due to the evolution of knowledge-based societies. This also led to the rise and growth of the “entrepreneurial university” concept. Factors that promote entrepreneurial universities include funding, self-reliance, academic freedom, better linkage to industry, innovation, provide employment, and promote social and economic development. Hence, worldwide, entrepreneurial universities are increasingly recognized as an important constituent to tackle fiscal and employment issues. However various reports and studies reflect that entrepreneurial universities have not achieved these objectives. That may be due to the challenges and lack of critical success factors (CSFs) understanding to be entrepreneurial university. Hence, adopting an exploratory approach with a systematic literature review this paper intends to focus on the challenges of entrepreneurial universities and identifies the CSFs to thrive as entrepreneurial universities, and provides recommendations to succeed as entrepreneurial universities.
A System Dynamics Approach to SME Resilience Under the Economic Stress of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Gupta Abhijeet , Peschken Thomas
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic reshapes our knowledge and reconceptualises our belief in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) as more flexible and resilient than bigger organisations under difficult socioeconomic conditions. The critical issue raised during the Covid-19 pandemic suggests that SMEs have confronted great challenges, which are not just concerned about SME survival, but also the paucity of strategic approach for firm revival and resilience. In dealing with the challenges, and based on a set of investigations, firstly, the authors provide a critically insightful review of the UK government Covid-19 responses based on four themes of UK government interventions. Secondly, they offer contextual evidence based on their analysis of SME performance in relation to the government responding schemes and how that affects SME operations in the UK. Thirdly, they propose a framework with tentative strategic solutions based on both theoretical reviews and the empirical analysis for how SMEs revive and become resilient.
New Analysis of Banxia Xiexin Decoction and Its Similar Prescriptions in Treatise on Febrile Diseases to Explore the Universality of the Treatment and Compatibility Principle
Authors: Wei Ren-Ling , Li Zheng-Feng , Cao Ru-Sen , Zeng Jian-Bin , Shen Jian-Li , Pei Qiu-Lan , Liang Qi-Jun
Published: April 2022

Objective:

The objective of this study is to explore the treatment and compatibility principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Materials and Methods:

Syndrome differentiation is used to identify the etiology, nature, and location of a disease and the relationship between the healthy Qi and pathogenic factors by analyzing and synthesizing the four diagnostics data. The theory of treatment is to determine the principle and methods of treatment according to the results of syndrome differentiation and implement them as a specific prescription. This paper bears witness to the principle universality by analysis of the articles of the Banxia Xiexin Decoction, and it equally has analogical prescriptions in Treatise on Febrile Diseases.

Results:

The treatment and compatibility principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine are the same, that is, rectifying the deviation on three dimensions, strengthening the healthy Qi, and eliminating pathogenic factors in the light of its general trend.

Conclusion:

The treatment and compatibility principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine are the same, The treatment and compatibility principles provide a new thinking for clinical treatment.
Evaluation of perfusion index as an objective tool to assess analgesia during laparoscopic surgeries under general anaesthesia
Authors: Surekha C , Eadara Venkata S. , Satish Kumar M N
Published: April 2022

Background and Aims:

Changes in the sympathetic nervous system by pain can impact smooth muscle tone and can alter perfusion. This can be monitored by perfusion index (PI). It is a non-invasive, indirect, and continuous measure of peripheral perfusion. This study investigates the changes in PI due to painful stimuli under general anaesthesia.

Methods:

Twenty patients between the ages of 20 and 45 years, with informed consent, who were undergoing elective laparoscopic procedure, and belonging to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status class I were connected with standard monitors along with SEDLINE, pulse oximetry (Root, Masimo Corporation®, Irvine, CA, USA) to monitor PI and Pleth-Variability Index (PVi). General anaesthesia was administered. PI, PVi, heart rate (HR), and non-invasive blood pressure were recorded pre-induction, during induction, before and after intubation, at the time of pneumoperitoneum (P0), and first laparoscopic port insertion (P1). Later, intravenous injection of fentanyl 0.5 μg/kg was administered and values were recorded at the second (P2) and third (P3) port insertion. The aforementioned parameters were recorded for up to 30 minutes. Statistical confirmation was done through paired t tests.

Results:

PI values after fentanyl increased from 5.33 ± 2.67 (P1) to 5.99 ± 2.8 (P2) (P < 0.001), and to 6.3 ± 2.88 (P3) (P < 0.001). This increase correlated with a decrease in HR, from 101.42 ± 12.53 (P1) to 87.93 ± 10.98 (P2) (P < 0.001), and to 83 ± 10.82 (P3) (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

PI can be a tool to monitor the nociception in anaesthetised patients when administering analgesia.
Improving the Quality and Timeliness of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Discharge Note
Authors: Rehman Durrani Naveed Ur , Cowsill Claire , Krishnappa Srinath B.
Published: April 2022

Objective:

Due to a delay in the discharge process because of an incomplete auto-population of discharge notes (DN), we undertake this quality improvement (QI) project to expedite the discharge process from our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and increase provider's satisfaction levels.

Materials and Methods:

Plan, Do, Study, Act cycles, surveys, and feedback approaches were adopted to see the reasons behind incomplete DN and appreciated ideas to improve them. The project was started in January 2021 and completed on October 31, 2021.

Results:

After introducing sections of DN in admission and daily progress notes in distinctive font colors, we improved the DN' readiness as the discharge date from NICU approached. Adopting this methodology resulted in improved provider satisfaction, patient care, and other educational sessions attendances.

Conclusions:

Delays in the discharge process not only affect admission and referrals but also cause dissatisfaction among various providers. A QI approach with measures implemented within the existing system significantly improves the discharge process and provider's satisfaction in the local NICU.
Bacterial Etiology and Antibiotic Sensitivity Patterns in Late-Onset Neonatal Blood Infection
Authors: Elkadry Ihab Hussein , Ibrahim Ponnambath Chokkiyil Hafis
Published: April 2022

Introduction:

The incidence and etiology of neonatal bloodstream infections vary globally. Early appropriate antibiotic therapy is crucial. An empiric antibiotic choice should be driven by accurate knowledge of the local spectrum of pathogens and susceptibilities.

Methodology:

A retrospective observational study was conducted on neonates born at local tertiary center from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2018, with late-onset bloodstream infection (LBSI). Trends of causative organisms and antibiotic susceptibilities were analyzed.

Results:

A total of 696 LBSI occurred in 469 neonates. Overall incidence over the 6 years was 122/1000 admissions. The median time to LBSI was 13 days of life. Majority of infections occurred in infants <32 weeks. About 75.9% were caused by Gram-positive and the rest by Gram-negative bacteria. The most common organism was coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS) which showed an increase in resistance to amikacin over time, but with stable sensitivity patterns to teicoplanin. Klebsiella and Escherichia coli were the most common Gram-negative organisms. There was improving sensitivity to cephalosporin in Klebsiella species. Sixteen percent of Gram-negative isolates were extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing. Majority of the Gram-negative bacteria including ESBL-producing strains remained sensitive to amikacin. An empiric antibiotic combination of teicoplanin and amikacin was appropriate to cover the majority of LBSIs.

Conclusions:

The majority of late-onset neonatal bloodstream infections in this study cohort were caused by Gram-positive organisms of which CoNS was the most common. The empiric antibiotic choices for LBSI on our unit seem appropriate based on the data. In units where the organism and susceptibility patterns are similar, the same antibiotic choices may be justified.
Hypoglycemic hemiparesis as stroke mimic with transient splenial lesion and internal capsule involvement: A reversible clinico-radiological concurrence
Authors: Sharma M , Menon B , Manam G
Published: April 2022

Hypoglycemia presents with a spectrum of neurological manifestations ranging from lightheadedness to confusion and coma. We report here the case of a 61-year-old woman with right hemiparesis presenting within the window period for stroke thrombolysis. MRI brain showed diffusion restriction in posterior limb of left internal capsule and splenium. Patient had documented hypoglycemia of 38 mg/dL. Patient's hemiparesis resolved after glucose correction, and radiological findings completely resolved after 10 days. We present this case to highlight the rare radiological finding of simultaneous internal capsule and splenium involvement in hypoglycemic hemiparesis and the importance to rule out stroke mimics to avoid unwanted thrombolysis.
Combined Peripheral Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Predictive Biomarker for Pathological Complete Response after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Babbar Pooja , Rudresha A. H. , Dasappa Lokanatha , Abraham Linu Jacob , Babu M. C. Suresh , Lokesh K. N. , Rajeev L. K. , Saldanha Smitha C. , Abhilash GH , Pandey Amit
Published: April 2022

Background:

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have recently been used as prognostic markers in several tumors particularly more studied in gastrointestinal cancers. Impact of these markers on breast cancer is less studied. We evaluated the correlation of pretreatment NLR and PLR with pathological complete response (pCR) rate to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) treatment in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients in addition to analyze the association of these parameters with other clinicopathological parameters.

Materials and Methods:

Seventy-four early or locally advanced TNBC patients who received NACT and subsequent breast surgery from January 2018 to December 2020 were analyzed. Complete blood profiles done within 1 week of start of NACT were recorded and NLR and PLR were calculated. Pathological responses to NACT after surgery were recorded. The correlation of NLR and PLR with pCR rate and other clinicopathological parameters were evaluated.

Results:

The median age of presentation was 47 years. Eighteen patients (24.3%) had achieved pCR in this study. The pCR rate was higher in patients with low pre-treatment NLR (≤2.2) versus high NLR (>2.2) (P = 0.038) and low pre-treatment PLR (≤195.8) versus high PLR (>195.8) (P = 0.039). Both the pretreatment NLR and PLR values had no significant association with other clinicopathological profiles such as age, menopausal status, histopathological types and grade of differentiation, and initial clinical stage whereas there is an increase trend of ≤50 years of age group presentation in low NLR/PLR patients. On multivariate analysis, pre-NACT NLR and PLR were found to be independent predictive biomarker for pCR in TNBC patients.

Conclusion:

The study observed that the pre-NACT NLR and PLR are an indicator of pCR to NACT in TNBC unfolding its potential in future as a cost-effective prognostic and predictive biomarker.
Giant Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Kumar Prem , Gupta Deepak Kumar , Kumar Pankaj , Janoria Somesh , Prem Pranjal
Published: April 2022

Renal cell carcinoma is the most common renal cancer occurring in the sixth and seventh decades of life. Most of the renal cell carcinomas are detected incidentally at an early stage. It is rare to find a giant renal cell carcinoma. Most of the giant renal cell carcinomas reported were of chromophobe or sarcomatoid variety. Giant renal clear cell carcinoma is extremely rare. In this case report, we are presenting the largest giant renal clear cell carcinoma ever reported from the Indian subcontinent.
Effectiveness of Posters in Enhancement of Knowledge about Cancer among Outpatients and Caregivers
Authors: Kulkarni Sadhana Sudhir , Joshi Bhavna Pramod , Nayak Prabha Pandurang , Kelkar Vasanti Prabhakar
Published: April 2022

Introduction:

Noncommunicable diseases are posing serious public health threats in developed as well as developing countries. Cancer has become one of the leading health problems. The lack of knowledge about cancer in the general public is a major hurdle in its prevention, early detection, and treatment. Out of various media, display of posters is a simple and cost-effective way of mass education. Hence, the effectiveness of posters in imparting knowledge regarding cancer needs to be evaluated.

Materials and Methods:

After ethical clearance, a quasi-experimental study was undertaken among 314 outpatients and caregivers in waiting area of outpatient department of a tertiary health-care institute. Individuals aged 18 years and above, who could read, write, and understand Marathi language, participated in the study. Written informed consent was obtained. Each of the participants was asked to fill a pretested, structured questionnaire before their entry into display area of posters. Self-paced observation of posters was allowed, after which posttest questionnaire was administered. Totally 255 completely filled forms were considered for analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS v25.0, and Chi-square values were calculated.

Results:

Of the 255 participants, 175 (68.6%) were males and 80 (31.3%) were females. The number of correct responses marked increased in posttest as compared to pretest for all 13 items. The difference was found to be statistically highly significant (P ≤ 0.0001) for 9 and significant (P = 0.012, 0.005) for 2 of the total 13 items in the questionnaire.

Conclusions:

This study provides evidence that posters can be used as an effective tool for health communication regarding cancer among outpatients and caregivers in outpatient department.
Use of amniotic membrane ameliorating postoperative discomfort in pterygium surgery
Authors: Mejía Luis F. , Gil Juan C.
Published: April 2022

Purpose:

To report the results of using human amniotic membrane (AM) as a bandage at the end of pterygium surgery to diminish its uncomfortable postoperative symptoms.

Materials and Methods:

Observational, descriptive retrospective study in which patients with bilateral primary nasal pterygia were operated on with a conjunctival-limbal autograft with conventional suturing, one eye receiving an AM bandage at the end of surgery and the other not.

Results:

There were 20 eyes of 10 patients, five men, and five women, with a mean age of 28.7 ± 6.4 years; general postoperative symptoms (pain, burning sensation, and tearing) and foreign body sensation were statistically lower in the AM group at the 4th, 8th, and 12th postoperative day (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

AM as a bandage at the end of pterygium surgery reduces the uncomfortable postoperative symptoms typical of such surgery.
TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS – AN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE?
Authors: Asfandiyarova N. S.
Published: April 2022

In recent years, the association of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) to autoimmune diseases has been discussed. Participation of innate immunity in the development of inflammation in obesity and insulin resistance, which determine the development of type 2 DM is well known. These changes, along with gluco- and lipotoxicity, lead to the destruction of the pancreatic β cells, emergence of autoantigens and development both humoral and cell type autoimmune reactions. The effectiveness of drugs used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases also leads some authors to the conclusion that type 2 diabetes can be referred to autoimmune diseases. However, most researchers believe that the presence of an autoimmune component is a side effect of inflammation and do not consider type 2 diabetes as an autoimmune disease.Alternatively, autoimmune reactions may take part in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes because: a viral infection contributes to the development of antiviral immunity, however, in the presence of insulin-cross-reactive antigens, an autoimmune reaction is observed. Most patients with uncompromised immune system, the clone of auto-aggressive cells sensitized to insulin is destroyed. In a small percentage of patients with impaired immune system, insulin-sensitized lymphocytes do not die that leads to destruction of pancreatic islet cells and development of type 1 diabetes. In other patients, on the one hand, the immune system is also unable to remove the cell clone exerting signs of autoaggression, but it tries to suppress this effect by blocking insulin receptors on immunocompetent cells. This maneuver succeeds, and suppression is reversible. However, insulin receptors are abundant not only on sensitized lymphocytes, but also on liver cells, muscles, and adipose tissue. The effect of blocking insulin receptors in insulin-sensitive tissues contributes to the development of primary insulin resistance, which precedes and contributes to the development of obesity. Subsequently, excessive intake of dietary fats results in obesity progression, so that the entire cascade of inflammatory reactions is involved in the pathological process. This, in turn, contributes to the formation of secondary insulin resistance, which accounts for the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases and so on.Type 2 diabetes does not belong to autoimmune diseases, but suppressed autoimmune reactions with respect to insulin play a role in the development of insulin resistance.
PATHOGENETIC MECHANISM OF ACNE-COUPLED INFLAMMATION
Authors: Rumyantsev A. G. , Demina O. M. , Raikina E. V.
Published: April 2022

Acne (Ac) represents a widespread dermatosis most commonly found in adolescents and adults covering 6-85% total cases. It has been traditionally believed that Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) colonizes ducts of the sebaceous hair follicles (SHFs), activates innate immune response and triggers transition of non-inflammatory erosions (comedones) into inflammatory lesions such as papules, pustules and nodules. Moreover, it was also shown that inflammatory reaction develops at late Ac stage and its severe course. Today, it has been evidenced that Ac-coupled inflammation develops at all stages of dermatosis, perhaps in a subclinical manner, even prior to emergence of comedones.It is commonly accepted that acne targets SHFs displaying location-related marked morphological, microbiological and metabolic diversity. For instance, SHFs is profoundly affected by altered hormone and immunological properties as well as environmental cues.Comparative studies examining efficacy nd medicated therapy with anti-inflammatgory potential evidence about early inflammatory reaction related to acne.The data obtained confirm that P. acnes elicits inflammatory reaction in acne that additionally maintains P. acnes proliferation. It was found that P. acnes initiates TLR2-mediated innate immune reaction both at early and late stages of developing dermatosis. Such reaction results in upregulated immune genes including those encoding cytokines and chemokines recruiting immune cells.Today, owing to clinical, immunological, histology and immunohistochemistry data there has been accumulated evidence confirming significance of ongoing inflammation as a pathophysiological basis for emerging acne.Upon that, pathophysiological mechanisms triggering inflammatory reaction in acne are complex and poorly investigated, thereby underlying a need to conduct further studies.
STUDY OF Na/K-ATPhase α-SUBUNIT DISTRIBUTION IN RAT CEREBRAL STRUCTURES IN PARKINSON-LIKE SYNDROME MODEL AND AFTER THYMUS HORMONE CORRECTION
Authors: Korolev A. G. , Novoseletskaya A. V. , Kiseleva N. M.
Published: April 2022

Here we examined distribution of Na/K-ATPhase α-subunit in rat cerebral structures, which activity changes in Parkinson-like syndrome. The study was aimed at analyzing quantitative change in diverse different isoforms of Na/K-ATPhase α-subunit in model of Parkinson-like syndrome as well as after refining it by using thymus hormone thymulin. The study was performed on 42 sixweek-old Wistar rats males by dividing animals into 3 groups: 2 experimental and 1 control group. To simulate Parkinson-like syndrome, a solution of 1-methyl 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was administered intranasally. 10 days after MPTP inoculation, thymus hormone thymulin was abdominally administered to animals in one experimental group for 5 days. It was demonstrated that level of tissue-specific isoforms of Na/K-ATPhase α-subunit was peaked in hypothalamus, amygdaloid body and striatum, the minimal level was observed in medial prefrontal and prefrontal cortex. It was estimated that in MPTP-stimulated model of Parkinson’s disease, the level of Na/K-ATPhase α1-subunit was significantly higher in striatum, amount of α2-subunits was decreased in the hippocampus, whereas the level of α3-subunit was elevated in the cerebellum compared to control group. Administration of thymus hormone thymulin corrected changes in level of α1, α2 and α3-subunits observed after exposure to neurotoxin.
INFLUENCE OF POLYOXIDONIUM, Poly(I:C), DALARGIN ON THE PROTECTIVE EFFICACY OF YERSINIA PESTIS VACCINE STRAIN EV LINE NIIEG IN EXPERIMENTAL PLAGUE
Authors: Shchukovskaya T. N. , Kurylina A. F. , Shavina N. Yu. , Bugorkova S. A.
Published: April 2022

In this study, the use of immunoadjuvants polyoxidonium (azoximer bromide), Poly (I:C) as a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA (TLR3 ligand), and synthetic analog of leu-enkephalin dalargin (DA) was experimentally investigated for their potential to minimize ImD50 Yersinia pestis vaccine strain EV line NIIEG co-administrated via invasive (subcutaneous) and noninvasive (intranasal) routes in lethal bubonic and pneumonic models of plague followed by challenge with virulent Y. pestis strains of the main and non-main subspecies from various natural plague foci. The data showed that in all cases immunoadjuvants significantly increased protective efficacy of Y. pestis vaccine strain EV line NIIEG co-administrated to BALB/c inbreed mice in case of lethal challenge with virulent Y. pestis strains in spite of varying magnitude of humoral immune response. Y. pestis vaccine strain EV line NIIEG formulated with polyoxidonium provided more effective protection against lethal challenge with wild-type high virulent strain Y. pestis in pneumonic model of plague. Polyoxidonium introduced into vaccine formula resulted in four-fold rise in total survival in animals with pneumonic plaque. Feasibility of using immunoadjuvants for regimen of specific and urgent plaque prevention is justified.
ANTIBODIES SPECIFIC TO CHEMICAL CARCINOGENS AND SEX STEROIDS AS WELL AS SERUM ESTRADIOL AND PROGESTERONE LEVELS IN FEMALES WITH BREAST CANCER AND LUNG CANCER MALES
Authors: Glushkov A. N. , Polenok E. G. , Mun S. A. , Gordeeva L. A. , Kostyanko M. V. , Kolpinsky G. I. , Lutsenko V. A. , Antonov A V. , Titov V. A. , Vafin I. A.
Published: April 2022

Previous studies found some associations between immunoglobulin class A antibodies specific to benzo[a]pyrene (IgA-Bp), estradiol (IgA-Es) and progesterone (IgA-Pg) as well as breast cancer (BC) in females and lung cancer (LC) in males. It was suggested that such antibodies affect serum Es and Pg levels.Our study was aimed at revealing putative features of mutual effects of IgA-Bp, IgA-Es and IgA-Pg on serum Es and Pg level both in healthy and BC females as well as healthy and LC males.Serum levels of Es and Pg and IgA-Bp, IgA-Es and IgA-Pg were measured by ELISA in 190 nonsmoking healthy and 518 BC females as well as 312 smoking healthy and 196 LC males.It was found that healthy subjects vs cancer patients prominently differed by assessing individual Pg/Es ratios: healthy vs BC females had it set at 6.6 vs 2.9 (p 0.0001), respectively, whereas in healthy vs LC males it was at 5.2 vs 10.1 (p 0.0001), respectively.Individual Pg/Es ratio paralleled in healthy females with high vs low IgA-Bp/IgA-Pg 1.5 and IgA-Es/IgA-Pg 1.5 ratios (3.5 vs 9.7, p 0.0001). No T such associations were observed in BC patients. In addition, the lowest individual Pg/Es ratio in healthy males was found together with IgA-Es/ IgA-Pg 1.5 ratios accompanied with IgA-Bp/IgA-Pg ≤ 1.5 (2.9) and peaked in case of concurrently low IgA-Bp/IgA-Pg ≤ 1.5 and IgA-Es/IgA-Pg ≤ 1.5 (5.2, p = 0.005) or high IgA-Bp/IgA-Pg 1.5 and IgA-Es/IgA-Pg 1.5 (6.5, p = 0.002). In contrast, the lowest Pg/Es ratio (7.4) was revealed in LC patients simultaneously bearing high IgA-Bp/IgA-Pg 1.5 and low IgA-Es/IgA-Pg ≤ 1.5 ratios compared to simultaneously low ratios (11.3, p = 0.002).In conclusion, individual Pg/Es ratios depended on individual IgA-Bp/IgA-Pg and IgA-Es/IgA-Pg ratios. A cooperative influence of serum antibodies specific to environmental chemical carcinogens and endogenous steroids on hormone balance was featured both in healthy subjects as well as BC females and LC males.The data obtained may be useful while developing new strategies to cancer prevention: by using selective modulators of estrogen receptors and aromatase inhibitors as well as for development of anticancer vaccines.
HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCY DERIVED FROM AN ALTERNATIVE DONOR BY USING NEW TRANSPLANT ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Balashov D. N. , Maschan M. A. , Shcherbina A. Yu. , Rumyantsev A. G.
Published: April 2022

Analysis of the results of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) derived from alternative donors in patients with primary immunodeficiency syndromes. 110 HSCTs for patients with PIDs derived from alternative donors (unrelated, n = 85, haploidentical, t = 25) were performed at the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Centre within 2012-2017 timeframe. In all cases, there were used conditioning regimes with reduced toxicity based on threosulfan TCRotP+/CD19+ depletion with immunomagnetic method were used as the basic cell transplant preparation. The cumulative probability of acute GVHD was 17% (95% CI 10-25) (n = 18); however, it should be noted that in 16 of 18 cases, an acute GVHD, stage II, was observed, showing a good response to the first line therapy; but acute GVHD, stage III, was documented only in 2 patients. Reactivation of cytomegalovirus infection remained one of the serious issues, with a cumulative probability of its reactivation reaching up to 50% and CMV visceral infection rate found in 15.4% cases. The conditioning regimen in patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome by using granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and plerixafor demonstrated a full control over transplant dysfunction compared to control group.Rate of immunological reconstitution upon inoculation of HSCT on the platform TCRotP+/CD19+ deletion did not differ in dynamics from that one after using undepleted HSCT together with native hematopoietic stem cell sources in a historical cohort. The overall survival probability for entire PID patient cohort was 84% (95% CI 77-92). No differences in patients transplanted from unrelated and haploidentical donors were revealed by assessing any of the studied parameters.Introduction of new HSCT technologies allows us to dramatically minimize adverse outcomes of PIDs and opens new avenues for further research in cellular regulation of autoinflammatory oncological and infectious disorders resulting in lethal outcome in PID patients.
Visualization of B10 regulatory cells in peripheral blood in physiological pregnancy
Authors: Ziganshina M. M. , Khaidukov S. V.
Published: April 2022

The current trend in studies of the B-cell immunity is the study of small subpopulations of cells. It was found that a minor subpopulation of IL-10 producing B-cells (B10-reg cells) has the properties of limiting excessive reactions of the innate and adaptive immune response. Their regulatory and pathogenetic effect has been shown in various physiological and pathophysiological conditions, in particular in the pathological pregnancies.Due to the low content of B10-reg cells in the blood (up to 1%) and the difficulties of visualizing flow cytometry data, a previously developed method based on prolonged stimulation of peripheral blood cells with a combination of factors ((CD40L+CpG) and PMA) causing cell activation, proliferation and maturation, allows visualization of the enriched fraction of B10-reg cells (B10 cells + pro-B10 cells), the content of which exceeds 5%. The aim of this study was to obtain a stimulated ex vivo population of B10 cells + pro-B10 cells from the peripheral blood of patients with physiological pregnancy and to develop an optimal strategy for gating B10-reg cells for their visualization.Materials and methods: in patients with physiological pregnancy in the third trimester, peripheral blood was taken. The cells were stimulated according to two protocols. First protocol: short (5 hours) stimulation of whole blood cells under sterile conditions with mixture of PMA + ionomycin + brefeldin A. The second protocol: long-term (48 hours) stimulation of the isolated mononuclear fraction under sterile conditions with a mixture (CD40L + CpG) with the addition of PMA + ionomycin + brefeldin A during the last 5 hours. Cells were stained for surface markers (CD45, CD19, CD24, CD27, CD38) and the intracellular content of IL-10. Sample analysis was performed on a Navios™ flow cytometer.Results: a five-color cytometric analysis was performed and a sequential gating strategy was developed based on the isolation of the gate by lymphocytes (marker CD45); restriction of B-lymphocytes (marker CD19); isolating a subpopulation of B cells expressing the CD24 marker; limiting the two required subpopulations of B10-reg cells for CD27 and CD38: CD19+CD24hiCD27+IL-10+ and CD19+CD24hiCD38hiIL-10+. Stimulation of cells based on the first protocol allows visualizing up to 1% of both subpopulations, and based on the second protocol - about 10%. The method opens up prospects for fundamental research of B10-reg cells during pregnancy. The detectable amounts of an enriched population of B10-reg cells can be of diagnostic and prognostic value in the clinic for idiopathic obstetric complications.
Autoimmune profile of rat blood in experimental ulcerative colitis
Authors: Davydova E. V. , Osikov M. V. , Bakeeva A. E. , Kaigorodtseva N. V.
Published: April 2022

Worldwide incidence of digestive system disorders doubles each decade, thus representing a significant medical and social problem. Despite lacking knowledge in pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases, it is clear that serum cytokine imbalance, and lesions in the walls of gastrointestinal tract are observed in experimental colitis. Pathogenesis of UC remains controversial due to a large set of etiological factors that initiate activation of cellular and humoral mechanisms of the immune response upon development of inflammatory changes in the large intestine. At the same time, cytokine secretion and expression have not been studied in details. The aim of the work was to study the cytokine profile of blood in rats using the experimental oxazolone model of ulcerative colitis. The work was performed in 40 white Wistar rats; ulcerative colitis was induced by rectal administration of a 3% alcohol solution of oxazolone. For anesthesia, Zoletil-100 (INN: tiletamine hydrochloride, VirbacSanteAnimale; France) was used at a dose of 20 mg/kg. The studies were carried out on the 2nd, 4th and 6th days. Serum concentration of IL-6, IL-8, IL-17 and IL-23 was determined by means of automatic ELISA analyzer “Personal LAB” using a specific test system for rats. For immunohistochemistry of Treg cells, we used anti-FoxP3 antibody (Arigo Biolaboratories, Тайвань) followed by immunhistostaining in VENTANA BenchMark XT (USA). Statistical evaluation was performed by non-parametric Mann-Whitney and Wald-Wolfowitz criteria. The difference was considered significant at р ≤ 0.05. In rats with experimental colitis, an increase of proinflammatory IL-17 which acts by attraction of neutrophils and other cells of innate immunity, supporting chronic inflammation and autoimmune reactions. We have found an increase of serum IL-23 concentration in rats with experimental ulcerative colitis on days 2, 4 and 6 of the experiment. This cytokine induces and maintains the inflammatory process in the wall of the large intestine. Significant decrease of FoxP3+Т-lymphocytes was revealed in colonic tissues, thus suggesting appropriate local autoimmune disorders.
Relationships between spermogram indexes in males with chronic bacterial prostatitis and the levels of local antimicrobial factors
Authors: Bekpergenova A. V. , Bondarenko T. A. , Perunova N. B. , Chelpachenko O. E. , Nikiforov I. A.
Published: April 2022

Sperm quality can be directly or indirectly affected in chronic bacterial prostatitis, due to protein components of mucosal immunity, including lactoferrin, secretory immunoglobulin A, and lysozyme. Therefore, a search for relationships between spermogram indices and levels of antimicrobial factors in sperm plasma presents an urgent task in healthy men and patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis. The present paper contains the results of a study of sperm samples from 72 men aged 20 to 45 years. Samples were collected in sterile containers by masturbation after a minimum abstinence period of 3-5 days. None of the patients had previously taken antibiotics. Patients with sexually transmitted infections were excluded from the study. The patients were divided into two groups — conditionally healthy males (n = 30) and patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis (n = 42). Seminal plasma was obtained by two-stage centrifugation of ejaculate samples (1000-3000 rpm) for 30 minutes. Evaluation of lactoferrin and secretory immunoglobulin A levels in seminal plasma was carried out by ELISA technique (Vector-Best, Novosibirsk), lysozyme — by turbidimetric method. The results were recorded with Multiscan Labsystems photometer (Finland) at 492-nm wavelength. Statistical evaluation of the obtained data was carried out using Statistica 10 package (StatSoft, USA). To assess the kind of relationships between the studied parameters, the Spearman's rank correlation quotient was applied. When using the Spearman rankcorrelation approach, the strength of the relationships between the features was assessed, considering the values of 0.3 as a weak connection; quotient levels of 0.4 to 0.7 as indexes of moderate relationships, and values of 0.7 and more, as high connection indexes.We have found that an increased level of lactoferrin in some cases of leukocytospermia, oligospermia, and asthenospermia is accompanied by decreased number of leukocytes, increased sperm motility, preservation of sperm morphology, thus suggesting improvement of the sperm quality. Considering universal biological properties of lactoferrin and its receptors, an increased number of positive correlations between level lactoferrin level and spermogram parameters was shown in the patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis, as compared with healthy males, thus presuming high diagnostic value of this marker. Hence, diagnostic value of spermogram parameters is determined not only by their quantitative values, but also by the types of correlations with antimicrobial factor levels, in particular, with those of lactoferrin, secretory immunoglobulin A and lysozyme.