bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF CYBER-RELIGION AND THE UNDERSTANDING OF ISLAMIC VALUES IN DEFINING HIJRAH
Authors: Labib Muhammad
Published: October 2022

This research is motivated by the hypothesis that the meaning of hijrah for students at SMA Negeri 1 Pekalongan is determined by cyber-religion activities and understanding of Islamic religious values. This study aims to analyze the influence of cyber-religion on the meaning of hijrah, the influence of understanding Islamic religious values â€‹â€‹on the meaning of hijrah, and the effect of cyber-religion activities and understanding of Islamic religious values â€‹â€‹together on the meaning of hijrah for students of SMA Negeri 1 Pekalongan. The research method used is a quantitative research method. Respondents were 168 students of Class XI SMA Negeri 1 Pekalongan using simple random sampling method. This type of research is associative research, because this research intends to determine the causal relationship between two or more variables. Data was collected through questionnaires and school documents. Data analysis used multiple regression analysis. The results showed, 1). Cyber-religion activities have a significant effect on the meaning of hijrah for students at SMA Negeri 1 Pekalongan, 2). The understanding of Islamic religious values â€‹â€‹has a significant effect on the meaning of hijrah for students at SMA Negeri 1 Pekalongan, 3). Cyber-religion activities and understanding of Islamic religious values â€‹â€‹together have a positive effect on the meaning of hijrah for students at SMA Negeri 1 Pekalongan. Based on the analysis of the determinants, the variables of cyber-religion activity and understanding of Islamic religious values â€‹â€‹were able to explain the variable meaning of hijrah students at SMA Negeri 1 Pekalongan by 0.259 (R2 = 0.259). While the remaining 0.741 is influenced by other variables, outside the variables in the study. The results showed that the variable cyber-religion activity more dominantly influenced the meaning of hijrah than the variable understanding of Islamic religious values. This is evident from the results of the t-test showing that the cyber-religion activity variable is 6.702, while understanding the value of Islam is 2.652.
Harmonizing Religious Science and Technology Through Boarding School System: A Case at a State Islamic Senior High School
Authors: Syaifuddin Mohammad
Published: October 2022

The increased number of Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia, which has not been matched by an improvement in education quality, is the impetus for this study. There are still several Islamic educational institutions that have not been able to adequately integrate religious knowledge with science and technology. This is the objective of the boarding school program of the State Islamic Senior High School (Madrasah Aliyah Negeri) Insan Cendekia Pekalongan. This study seeks to present the implementation model of student activity programs based on scientific harmonization at MAN Insan Cendekia Pekalongan boarding school. Field research was utilized in this qualitative research design. This study's informants include the Head of Madrasah, the Deputy Head of Curriculum, the Deputy Head of Student Affairs, the Deputy Head of Dormitory, and students in the tenth grade. The researcher obtained information via interviews, observations, and documentation. In the meanwhile, the researcher verified the accuracy of the data by triangulating data sources, observers, and hypotheses. The data is then evaluated using reduction techniques, presentation, and data verification. According to the findings of this study, the implementation of student activity programs via the boarding school system at MAN Insan Cendekia Pekalongan adopts a separated integration system (SIS) paradigm.
Takhassus Tahfidz Program in Formal Institutions: Implementation, Obstacles, and Solutions
Authors: Raikhan Raikhan , Nasrowi Bagas Mukti
Published: October 2022

This research aims to describe the implementation of Takhassus Tahfidz program at the Formal Institution in Lamongan regency, the obstacles experienced during the implementation of the Tahfidz class, and the solutions offered from the obstacles experienced during the implementation of Tahfidz program. This research used a qualitative descriptive approach with case study research design. Data collection method used were observation, interview, and documentation. The data were validated through triangulation techniques. For data analysis technique, the researchers used qualitative analysis through the steps of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing or verification. The results of this study show that (1) the implementation of the Takhassus Tahfidz program at the formal institution in Lamongan regency is carried out with three stages of learning programs, planning (materials, media, methods: Bi Nadzhor, Talaqqi, and Taqrir, and time allocation); implementation (introduction, core: ziyadah and murojaah, and closing); then Evaluation (2) the obstacles faced during the implementation of the Takhassus Tahfidz program are environmental conditions, time management, personal matters, students’ motivation (low intention to memorize), the level of intelligence, and the student organization, (3) the solutions offered to overcome obstacles that occur during the implementation of the Takhassus Tahfidz program are by providing additional time; motivating the Tahfidz teachers, facilitating students with a cozy place to memorize, guiding students to manage time well, and prohibiting students to join student organization.
Savaş, K. (2021). Yankısını Yitiren Ses-Ahmet Mithat’ta Oksidentalist Bakış. Ankara: Kurgan Edebiyat,. 436 s., ISBN 978-605-7697-65-3
Authors: TOPÇU Şenol
Published: October 2022

Savaş, K. (2021). Yankısını Yitiren Ses-Ahmet Mithat’ta Oksidentalist Bakış. Ankara: Kurgan Edebiyat,. 436 s., ISBN 978-605-7697-65-3
Protecting both infant and mother: perceptions of infant feeding practices in rural Haiti
Authors: Mildon Alison , Decelles Stéphane , Salameh Bana , Sebai Ines , Batal Malek
Published: October 2022

Background

Global recommendations for optimal breastfeeding include early initiation, exclusivity for six months, and continued breastfeeding for two years and beyond. Although breastfeeding is near universal in Haiti, gaps in optimal practices persist. Determinants of breastfeeding practices are complex, and a contextualized understanding is needed to strengthen breastfeeding support interventions. We conducted a qualitative study to explore mothers’ perceptions of factors influencing breastfeeding practices in rural Haiti.

Methods

Focus group discussions were held in eight rural communes participating in a nutrition project. Study participants (n=86) were recruited from mothers’ support groups. A moderator facilitated the focus groups in Haitian Creole using a question guide to elicit observations about community breastfeeding practices related to early initiation, colostrum feeding, complementary foods and beverages, and breastfeeding cessation. Focus groups were recorded, and three observers took notes which were compiled into a single report of key points and validated by participants following each session. Quotes representing the key points were selected from the audio recordings, translated into English and analyzed to identify explanatory themes.

Results

Participants described breastfeeding for 12-18 months as the norm in study areas, with early and frequent use of additional foods and beverages. Three explanatory themes were identified, related to concerns for (i) infant well-being, including digestive health, nutritional needs and contentment; (ii) transmission of negative maternal emotional and physical states through breast milk; and (iii) maternal well-being, including effects on breastfeeding practices of maternal illness, hunger, stress, and competing time pressures. Underlying all these concerns is the context of rural poverty and the cultural meanings of breastfeeding.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that practices which compromise global breastfeeding recommendations may persist because of their perceived value in addressing concerns for infant and maternal well-being in the challenging context of rural poverty, food insecurity and poor health. Multi-sectoral interventions are needed to mitigate these underlying contributors and create an enabling environment for early, exclusive and continued breastfeeding.
Comparing quantitative and qualitative verbal and social autopsy tools: does a qualitative supplement improve understanding of the social determinants of under-five deaths in the slums of Kampala, Uganda?
Authors: Blasini Amy W , Waiswa Peter , Wolski Ann , Wanduru Phillip , Finkbeiner Chelsea , Bakari Ashura , Amutuhaire Lucky , Moyer Cheryl A
Published: October 2022

Background

Understanding biological causes of death and sociocultural factors influencing outcomes is critical to reducing mortality in low-resource settings. Verbal and Social Autopsy instruments (VASAs) query family members about events leading to an individual’s death, resulting in quantitative, categorical data. This study sought to determine the value of a supplemental in-depth qualitative interview (VASA-QUAL).

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted in two slum neighborhoods in Kampala, Uganda, among families who lost a child under five within the preceding six months. A trained, local researcher conducted the quantitative VASA and then administered the VASA-QUAL to family members. Quantitative data were analyzed using Stata V16.0; qualitative data were transcribed into English and analyzed using NVivo V12.0. The biomedical cause of death was determined using a panel of physicians to code verbal autopsy items. Quantitative VASA variables were compared with qualitative variables from the VASA-QUAL using a rubric of indicators derived from the Pathways to Survival framework. Kappa statistics and percent agreement were calculated to compare quantitative and qualitative data. Three coders independently rated whether qualitative data provided additional information that improved understanding of the cause of death.

Results

48 VASAs were conducted (child age range: 1 month to 52 months). Agreement on key indicators ranged from 81.2% (place of death) to 93.8% (recognition of illness), with Kappa coefficients ranging from -0.038 to 0.368. The qualitative component added or clarified information about pediatric illness and care-seeking across all indicators, including recognition of illness (94.0%), care-seeking decisions (79.0%), whether home care was provided (73.0%), and choice of outside care (85.0%). Qualitative interviews frequently included symptoms missing or denied in the quantitative VASA and clarified the chronological order of symptoms. Many qualitative interviews described complicated mechanisms of decision-making not captured in the quantitative survey. Both agreement across data types and whether meaningful information was added by the qualitative data varied by cause of death, although our sample size limited our ability to conduct statistical analysis in this regard.

Conclusions

Supplementing quantitative VASA tools with an in-depth VASA-QUAL interview provided important additional information, but not consistently across indicators or causes of death. Despite challenges associated with feasibility, supplemental qualitative interviews may be an important tool for understanding the complexity of events leading up to childhood deaths.
The socio-economic burden of expenditure for diabetes mellitus treatment: A cross sectional study
Authors: Pinku Pal  , Supriya Bhowmik  , Shrabanti Pyne  , Meghamala Mandal  , Koushik Das  , Satish Kumar
Published: October 2022

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder, non-curable, only controlled by medicines and /or insulin therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expenditure on diagnoses and treatment of diabetes mellitus patients with economic burden to households. Methodology: We collected data by directly interacting with the pre-informed diabatic patients regarding the duration of diabetes, types of insulin therapy and oral hypoglycemic agent, cost of medicine/month and cost of blood sugar test by glucometer/month. Results: A total of 254 patients were enrolled in the study of which 30.71% (n=78) belongs to upper cost family (UCF), 44.88% (n=114) belongs to middle cost family (MCF), and 24.41% (n=62) belongs to lower cost family (LCF), categorized according to their total score. While studying, it was found that the mean family income (rupees)/month of UCF, MCF and LCF are Rs. 33860.26, Rs. 9326.75 and Rs. 7551.79 respectively. The mean blood sugar test cost (rupees)/month for UCF, MCF and LCF are Rs. 377.44, Rs. 382.89 and Rs. 360.00 respectively. Whereas the mean medicine purchase cost (rupees)/month for UCF, MCF and LCF are Rs. 1004.81, Rs. 784.40 and Rs. 721.79 Respectively. The total cost (rupees)/month for sugar test and purchasing medicine that is taken from their family income are Rs. 1382.24, Rs. 1167.30 and Rs. 1081.79 for UCF, MCF and LCF respectively. We also derived that, the UCF, MCF, LCF spent 1.19%, 2.28%, 4.84% of their monthly income on blood sugar test respectively and spent 3.20%, 4.76%, 9.95% of their monthly income on medicine purchase respectively. The percentage of cost, the UCF, MCF, and LCF has spent on both the blood sugar test and medicine purchase is 4.39%, 7.04%, 14.80% respectively. Conclusion: The urgent need should be arisen for better health care policies for making low or no cost blood glucose monitoring device (alternative to glucometer) with low-cost anti-diabetic medicines by Government, for diabetes management.
Phylogenetic tree analysis based on the 16S sequence alignment for Proteus mirabilis Isolated from UTI patients in Wasit province, Iraq
Authors: Zahra Ali Hadi ALjeelizy  , Rana H. Raheema  , Sabah Fadhil Abood  , Aysar Ashour khalaf
Published: October 2022

One of the most common bacterial illnesses worldwide is urinary tract infections (UTIs). Out of 228 urine specimens collected from a patient with suspected UTIs, 40 (17.5%) Proteus mirabilis isolates were identified, the isolates were first identified as related to culture, microscopic examination, and biochemical tests. DNA was extracted from these 40 isolates, the sample's nucleic acid purity ranged from (1.8-2) while its concentration was between (50 - 360 mg/ul). Isolates were detected as Proteus mirabilis by molecular methods of 16S rRNA gene for confirmatory diagnosis and phylogenetic tree. In the current study the phylogenetic tree analysis showed the significant selection potential of 16S rRNA to identify isolated Proteus mirabilis and the close with Iraqi strain.
A Translation from the Hellenistic Bureaucratic Koiné into Greek Dialect
Authors:   Institute for Linguistic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazansky Nikolai ,   St.Petersburg State University,   Russian State University for the Humanities
Published: October 2022

Greek inscription IG IX II 517 quotes two letters from Philipp V of Macedonia dating 217 and 214 BC addressed to the Thessalian city Larissa and then loosely rephrases them in Thessalian, explaining the council’s decision. The Thessalian text in many respects is a form of translation from the koiné into the dialect. In view of the importance of Macedonian influence on Thessaly at this time, this kind of “translation” reads as a political demonstration of independency.
Sacred Practices of the Christian Orthodox and the Muslims in the Mixed Shrines in the Devoll Region (South-East Albania)
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Makartsev Maxim ,   Institute of Slavistics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Dugushina Alexandra ,   Peter the Great Museum of Anthropolgy and Ethnography (Kunstkamera), Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2022

The article portrays the mixed sacred practices of the Christians and the Muslims in the Devoll region in southeastern Albania: in the Satrivaç Orthodox sanctuary in the village Hoçisht (Satrivaç or Shatrivaç) and the Bektashi sanctuary in the village Kuç (Inonisht). Based on the materials of the field work in Devoll in July 2019 and July 2021, the authors consider how sacred practices in the space of sanctuaries are distinguished by representatives of different (ethno)confessional groups of pilgrims (Orthodox and Muslim, Albanian, Macedonian, and Roma), as well as how practices of different genesis (Orthodox, Islamic, vernacular) are associated with the idea of a common sacred place (vakëf) regardless of its nominal confessional affiliation on the level of language and rituals. Considering the same audience of visitors and pilgrims in Satrivaç and Inonisht, the authors focus on the parallelism of sacred practices, elements of the infrastructure of the sanctuaries, and related terminology. Nevertheless, against the background of convergent vernacular practices and tolerant acceptance of religious differences, collective identities based on religious affi liation remain relevant boundaries in the communication of various Balkan communities.
Orahovac Town Community: Language, History, Self-Identitfication
Authors:   Institute for Linguistic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Morozova Maria , Rusakov Alexander ,   Institute for Linguistic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2022

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the (socio)linguistic situation in the town of Orahovac, Western Kosovo. The situation involves interaction of the local Gheg dialect of the Albanian language, the literary Albanian language, the literary Serbian language, the local Torlak dialect, and the special Slavic idiom of the Albanian population, known as ravački ‘the dialect of Orahovac’. An attempt is made to give a linguistic description of the local idiom, using the materials previously published by other researchers and the own field data. The ethnic awareness of the inhabitants of Orahovac is considered and hypotheses about the ways of its formation are proposed.
FILM –WISE CONDENSATION OF R1234yf AND R134a REFRIGERANTS ON FINNED TUBE WITH 32 FINS PER INCH
Authors: Khalid Jasim , Al-Badry Alaa R.
Published: October 2022

Researchers have been motivating by the global warming challenge to develop alternatives substances to compounds that contribute to this problem. The refrigerant R134a (HFC134a) has been identified as one of the most environmentally damaging gases. As a result, the refrigerant R1234yf has been employed in air conditioning systems as a substitute to the refrigerant R134a. The condensation heat transfer coefficient (HTC) of the refrigerants R1234yf and R134a was measured on smooth and standard finned tubes in this study. The finned tube is characterized by 32 Fins per inch (FPI) and 1 mm fin height. The condensation process was investigated at 37°C and 40°C condensing temperatures and 16°C to 28°C water inlet temperatures. The Nusselt theory accurately predicted the condensation HTCs on the smooth tube within mean absolute percentage deviation (MAPD) of 5.3% for R134a and 4.7% for R1234yf. As the wall sub-cooling increases, the condensation HTC decreases. With a drop in LMTD, the overall heat transfer coefficient (HTC) rises. For finned tube, the refrigerant R134a showed a greater HTC than R1234yf. In comparison to smooth tube, the enhancement ratio in HTC was 78% at 37 and 82% at 40°C for R134a. The enhancement ratio with R1234yf was 65% and 81% at 37 and 40 ° C, respectively. The experimental data was compared with predictions of two previous analytical models for film condensation on finned tubes.
Gejala Obesitas Mahasiswa
Authors: Rustan Dwi Rezki Hardianto Putra
Published: October 2022

Tulisan ini beranjak dari Film yang dipinjam sebagai tatapan glance. Selain itu, juga Selain itu, juga meminjam beberapa konsep dari Lacan, Baudrillard, Zizek, Said, dan Marcuse. Tujuannya adalah untuk membaca atau melihat keberadaan mahasiswa di Indonesia atau lebih spesifik dan kasuistik di Makassar. Dari proses peninjauan tersebut, mahasiswa pada dasarnya berada dalam dua identitas yang berbeda, yaitu sebagai intelektual dan juga menjadi agen-agen kultural populer. Nahasnya, kebanyakan mahasiswa cenderung berlakon sebagai agen-agen kultural (gamers, konsumen, dan lain sebagainya) itu. Sebab, melalui identitas kultural itu, mereka mampu mendapatkan kenyamanan, kenikmatan, dan kesenangan. Meskipun hal itu adalah kemustahilan yang hanya dimediasi oleh penanda-penanda fantasmatik. Sedangkan kampus sebagai institusi dan tatanan simbolik yang ideologis lainnya juga terlibat dalam proses proses komodifikasi ilusi. Dengan demikian, identitas kultur populer seperti gamers dan lain sebagainya, hanyalah tubuh yang dipenuhi oleh tanda-tanda ilutif dan itulah yang dikonsumsi dan membuatnya obesitas.
An evolutionary timeline of the oxytocin signaling pathway
Authors: Sartorius Alina M. , Rokicki Jaroslav , Bettella Francesco , barth claudia , de Lange Ann-Marie G , Haram Marit , Shadrin Alexey , Winterton Adriano , Steen Nils Eiel , Emanuel Schwarz , Stein Dan J. , Andreassen Ole A. , van der Meer Dennis , Westlye Lars T. , Theofanopoulou Constantina , Quintana Daniel S
Published: October 2022

Oxytocin (OT) is a neuropeptide associated with both psychological and somatic processes like parturition and social bonding. Although OT homologs have been identified in many species, the evolutionary timeline of the entire OT signaling gene pathway has yet to be described. Using protein sequence similarity searches, microsynteny, and phylostratigraphy, we assigned the genes supporting the OT pathway to different phylostrata based on when we found they likely arose in evolution. We show that the majority (64%) of genes in the pathway are 'modern'. Most of the modern genes evolved around the emergence of vertebrates or jawed vertebrates (540 - 530 million years ago, 'mya'), including OXTR, OXT and CD38. Of those, 44% were under positive selection at some point during vertebrate evolution. We also found that 18% of the genes in the OT pathway are 'ancient', meaning their emergence dates back to cellular organisms and opisthokonta (3500 - 1100 mya). The remaining genes (18%) that evolved after ancient and before modern genes were classified as 'medium-aged'. Functional analyses revealed that, in humans, medium-aged OT pathway genes are highly expressed in contractile organs, while modern genes in the OT pathway are primarily expressed in the brain and muscle tissue.
Pertemuan ke 5
Authors: kasim Habibah ibrahim
Published: October 2022

•Dalam sejarah peradaban Islam, uang merupakan sesuatu yang diadopsi dari peradaban Romawi dan Persia.Hal ini dimungkinkan karena penggunaan dan konsep uang tidak bertentangan dengan ajaran Islam.Dinar adalah mata uang emas yang diambil dari Romawi dan dirham adalah mata uang perak warisan peradaban Persia.Penggunaan emas dan perak sebagai mata uang atau sebagai harta dan lambang kekayaan yang disimpan telah dijelaskan di dalam Al-Qur’an dan Hadits. Uang dalam sistem perekonomian manapun memiliki fungsi utama sebagai alat tukar (medium of exchange). Dalam sistem ekonomi konvensional, uang tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai alat tukar yang sah (legal lender) melainkan juga sebagai komoditas.Sedangkan dalam sistem ekonomi Islam, uang hanyalah sebagai alat tukar (medium of exchange) dan bukan suatu komoditas yang bisa diperjual belikan.
FUNGSI DAN PERANAN BANK SYARIAH DAN LEMBAGA KEUANGAN NON - BANK
Authors: Sugiatni Evi
Published: October 2022

Bank Syariah merupakan suatu istilah yang bukan sesuatu yang asing lagi bagi sebagian orang. Masyarakat sudah banyak yang mengenal istilah Bank Syariah akan tetapi mereka belum sepenuhnya faham tentang bagaimana sistem operasional Bank Syariah yang sebenarnya. Mereka masih berranggapan bahwa Bank Syariah maupun bank konvensional merupakan bank yang sama yang hanya berbeda dari namanya saja. Masyarakat masih tercover oleh pandangan bahwa Bank Syariah sama saja dengan bank konvensional bahkan Bank Syariah justru biaya administrasinya lebih mahal, padahal mereka hanya masih kurang pemahaman tentang arti sebenarnya dari Bank Syariah. Maka dari itu, kali ini akan memahas tentang fungsi dan peranan apa saja yang ada di dalam Bank Syariah dan Lembaga Non – Bank. Bank Syariah merupakan suatu lembaga keuangan yang beroperasi sesuai dengan prinsip –prinsip syariah yang berlaku. Sedangkan Lembaga Non – Bank merupakan seluruh lembaga keuangan yang berjalan di bidang keuangan baik yang langsung menghimpun dana ataupun yang tidak langsung menghimpun dana
Differential expression of SCARA3 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines ALS using published and public data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of SCARA3, encoding scavenger receptor class A member 3, in iPSC-derived motor neurons of patients with ALS. SCARA3 was also differentially expressed in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived motor neurons of patients with ALS. SCARA3 transcript was present at significantly lower levels in ALS patient motor neurons as compared to control motor neurons. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of ALS.
PEMIKIRAN POSTMODERNISME DAN PANDANGANNYA TERHADAP ILMU PENGETAHUAN
Authors: Wangkanusa Seltia
Published: October 2022

PEMIKIRAN POSTMODERNISME DAN PANDANGANNYA TERHADAP ILMU PENGETAHUAN DI KALANGAN MASYARAKAT YANG DIMANA KITA MELIHAT SEKARANG INI SANGAT BERKEMBANG.
Differential expression of NTM in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines sporadic ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of NTM, encoding neurotrimin, in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived motor neurons of patients with ALS. NTM was also differentially expressed in primary motor neurons isolated from patients with ALS. NTM transcript was present at significantly higher levels in ALS iPSC-derived motor neurons. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of ALS.
Teori Kepuasan Konsumen
Authors: Ali Nurfadilla Nur
Published: October 2022

Tulisan ini dibuat untuk memenuhi tugas dari mata kuliah ekonomi mikro yang memuat tentang materi yang telah disampaikan dan didiskusikan di kelas bersama dosen kami. Dalam tulisan ini memuat pengenalan singkat mengenai mater "teori kepuasan konsumen", Penulis berharap bisa membantu pembaca dalam menambah wawasan dan penulis juga menyadari bahwa apa yang ada didalam tulisan ini masih belum memuat semua informasi yang ada tentang judul materi yang telah disebutkan sebelumnya.
Differential expression of TBX15 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines ALS using published and public data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of TBX15, encoding T-box 15, in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived motor neurons from patients with ALS. Analysis of a second public microarray dataset demonstrated that TBX15 differential expression in iPSC-derived motor neurons was a conserved feature in humans with ALS. TBX15 transcript was present at significantly higher levels in ALS patient motor neurons as compared to control motor neurons. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of ALS.
Differential expression of CEP128 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of CEP128, encoding centrosomal protein 128, in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived motor neurons from patients with ALS. Analysis of a second public microarray dataset demonstrated that CEP128 differential expression in iPSC-derived motor neurons was a conserved feature in humans with ALS. CEP128 transcript was present at lower levels in ALS patient motor neurons as compared to control motor neurons. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of ALS.
Differential expression of RHBDF2 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines sporadic ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of RHBDF2, encoding rhomboid 5 homolog 2, in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived motor neurons of patients with ALS. RHBDF2 was also differentially expressed in primary motor neurons isolated from patients with ALS. RHBDF2 transcript was present at significantly higher levels in ALS iPSC-derived motor neurons. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of ALS.
Differential expression of FOCAD in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines ALS using published and public data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of FOCAD, encoding focadhesin, in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived motor neurons from patients with ALS. Analysis of a second public microarray dataset demonstrated that FOCAD differential expression in iPSC-derived motor neurons was a conserved feature in humans with ALS. FOCAD transcript was present at significantly higher levels in ALS patient motor neurons as compared to control motor neurons. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of ALS.
Plastics Pollution and the Planetary Boundaries framework
Authors: Villarrubia-Gómez Patricia , Cornell Sarah , Carney Almroth Bethanie , Ryberg Morten , Eriksen Marcus
Published: October 2022

Plastics are novel entities that have exceeded the planetary safe operating space due to extensive and resource-intensive production, uncontrolled environmental releases, and failure to control the chemicals within the materials. This paper examines evidence and discusses how plastics pollution affects Earth-system processes along the impact pathway from production, to release, to environmental fate and impacts of plastics and their additives. Multiple lines of evidence are necessary to capture the complex reality of these substances and attempts to quantify a singular boundary would be detrimental to the global governance of plastics. We demonstrate causal links between plastics and other major environmental problems at the global scale, exacerbating the consequences of breaching other planetary boundaries, especially climate change and biodiversity loss. We propose ways to translate these assessments into control variables for the globally and biophysically defined planetary boundaries framework that can be utilized to tackle plastics pollution. Efforts should be oriented towards further developing and monitoring a set of control variables that describe the actual state of the system along the impact pathway. We call for experts and policymakers to take urgent action, considering plastics pollution not only as a waste management problem but as an integrative part of climate change, biodiversity and natural resource use policy.
Seasonal biodegradation of the artificial sweetener acesulfame enhances its use as a transient wastewater tracer
Authors: Marazuela Miguel Angel , Formentin Giovanni , Erlmeier Klaus , Hofmann Thilo
Published: October 2022

The persistence of the artificial sweetener acesulfame potassium (ACE) in wastewater treatment and subsequently in the aquatic environment has made it a widely used marker of wastewater in both surface water and groundwater. However, the recently observed biodegradation of ACE during wastewater treatment has questioned the validity of this application. In this study, we assessed the use of ACE not only as a marker of wastewater, but also as a transient wastewater tracer that allows both the calculation of mixing ratios and travel times through the aquifer as well as the calibration of transient groundwater flow and mass transport models. Our analysis was based on the data obtained in a nearly 8-year river water and groundwater sampling campaign along a confirmed wastewater-receiving riverbank filtration site located close to a drinking water supply system. We confirm that temperature controls ACE concentrations and thus their seasonal oscillation. River water data showed that ACE loads decreased from 1,500-4,000 μg·s−1 from December to June (cold season; T<10°C) to 0-500 μg·s−1 from July to November (warm season; T>10°C). This seasonal oscillation was transferred to the aquifer and preserved >3 km through the aquifer, with ACE concentrations oscillating between values below the detection limit in the warm season to 0.15 μg·L−1 in the cold season. The seasonal variation in ACE degradation during wastewater treatment enables the sweetener’s use as a transient tracer of wastewater inflows and riverbank filtration. In addition, the arrival time of the ACE concentration peak can be used to estimate groundwater flow velocity and mixing ratios, thereby demonstrating its potential in the calibration of groundwater numerical models.
The Accuracy of Bayesian Model Fit Indices in Selecting Among Multidimensional Item Response Theory Models
Authors: Fujimoto Ken A. , Falk Carl F.
Published: October 2022

Item response theory (IRT) models are often compared with respect to predictive performance to determine the dimensionality of rating scale data. However, such model comparisons could be biased toward nested-dimensionality IRT models (e.g., the bifactor model) when comparing those models to non-nested-dimensionality IRT models (e.g., a unidimensional or between-item-dimensionality model). The reason is that, compared to non-nested-dimensionality models, nested-dimensionality models could have a greater propensity to fit data that do not represent a specific dimensional structure. However, it is unclear as to what degree model comparison results are biased toward nested-dimensionality IRT models when the data represent specific dimensional structures and when Bayesian estimation and model comparison indices are used.We conducted a simulation study to add clarity to this issue. We examined the accuracy of four Bayesian predictive performance indices at differentiating among non-nested- and nested-dimensionality IRT models. The deviance information criterion (DIC), a commonly used index to compare Bayesian models, was extremely biased toward nested-dimensionality IRT models, favoring them even when non-nested-dimensionality models were the correct models. The Pareto-smoothed importance sampling approximation of the leave-one-out cross-validation was the least biased, with the Watanabe information criterion and the log-predicted marginal likelihood closely following. The findings demonstrate that nested-dimensionality IRT models are not automatically favored when the data represent specific dimensional structures as long as an appropriate predictive performance index is used.
He Who Seeks Finds (Bodily Signals): Differential Effects of Self-Reported Interoceptive Attention and Accuracy on Subclinical Psychopathology in a German-Speaking Sample
Authors: Tünte Markus R. , Petzke Tara , Brand Sebastian , Murphy Jennifer , Witthöft Michael , Hoehl Stefanie , Weymar Mathias , Ventura-Bort Carlos
Published: October 2022

Alterations in interoception have been linked to psychopathology. Recent findings suggest that both the attention to and the accuracy of, interoceptive perceptions may be oppositely related to subclinical symptomatology. Thus, providing well-validated tools that tap onto these interoceptive processes is crucial for understanding the relation between interoceptive processing and subclinical psychopathology. In the current study (N = 642), we aimed to (1) validate the German version of the Interoceptive Attention Scale (IATS; Gabriele et al., 2022), and (2) test the differential association of self-reported interoceptive attention and accuracy with subclinical symptomatology, including alexithymia, depressive, and anxious symptomatology. We observed that a one-factor solution is a well-fitting model for the IATS. Further, the IATS showed good internal consistency, convergent, and divergent validity, but poor test-retest reliability. Self-reported interoceptive attention and accuracy were unrelated to each other. However, IATS scores were positively related to all measures of psychopathology (except depressive symptomatology), whereas self-reported interoceptive accuracy scores showed negative or nonsignificant relations with these. Our data suggest that the IATS is a good instrument to measure self-report interoceptive attention in the German population. Further, we highlight the need to distinguish between constructs of interoception to better understand the relation between interoception and psychopathology.
Considering the ’With Whom’: Differences between event- and signal-contingent ESM data of person-specific social interactions.
Authors: Stadel Marie , van Duijn Marijtje , Wright Aidan G.C. , Bringmann Laura Francina , Elmer Timon
Published: October 2022

Experience sampling studies often aim to capture social interactions. A central methodological question in such studies is whether to use event- or signal-contingent sampling. The little existing research on this issue has not taken into account that social interactions occur with unique interaction partners (e.g., Anna or Tom). We analyze one week of social interaction data of 286 students from the University of Pittsburgh (60.8% male, mean age 19.2 years), taking into account the unique interaction partners of each student. Specifically, we investigate the differences between event- and signal contingent sampling in (1) the total number of unique interaction partners captured, as well as (2) the kinds of relationships, and (3) the quality of social interactions with these captured interaction partners. Apart from a larger quantity of interactions and unique interaction partners in the event-contingent sampling design, our analyses indicate subtle differences between the two designs when aiming to assess social interactions with more distant interaction partners such as coworkers or strangers. Most importantly, in our analyses, specific interaction partners and social roles explained a considerable amount of variance in the quality of social interactions (up to 20.5%), suggesting that future research would benefit greatly by considering ‘with whom’ individuals interact.
Replication and extension of the toolbox approach to measuring attention control
Authors: Draheim Christopher , Tsukahara Jason S. , Engle Randall W
Published: October 2022

There is an increasing consensus among researchers that traditional attention tasks do not validly index the attentional mechanisms that they are often used to assess. We recently tested and validated several existing, modified, and new tasks and found that accuracy-based and adaptive tasks were more reliable and valid measures of attention control than traditional ones, which typically rely on speeded responding and/or contrast comparisons in the form of difference scores (Draheim et al., 2021). With these improved measures, we found that attention control fully mediated the working memory capacity-fluid intelligence relationship, a novel finding that we argued has significant theoretical implications. The present study was both a follow-up and extension to this “toolbox approach” to measuring attention control. Here, we tested updated versions of several attention control tasks in a new dataset (N = 301) and found, with one exception, that these tasks remain strong indicators of attention control. The present study also replicated two important findings: 1) that attention control accounted for nearly all the variance in the relationship between working memory capacity and fluid intelligence, and 2) that the strong association found between attention control and other cognitive measures is not because the attention control tasks place strong demands on processing speed. These findings show that attention control can be measured as a reliable and valid individual differences construct and that attention control shares substantial variance with other executive functions.
Bridging the Gap between Interoception and Mental Health: The German Validation of the Interoceptive Accuracy Scale (IAS) and its Relation to Psychopathological Symptom Burden
Authors: Brand Sebastian , Meis Annelie C. , Tünte Markus R. , Murphy Jennifer , Woller Joshua Pepe , Jungmann Stefanie , Witthöft Michael , Hoehl Stefanie , Weymar Mathias , Hermann Christiane , Ventura-Bort Carlos
Published: October 2022

Processing of internal bodily signals (i.e., interoception), and associated impairments are thought to be implicated in the development of psychopathology. Recent proposals highlight the need to differentiate between dimensions of interoception (i.e., accuracy and attention) to better understand its relation to mental health. In the current study, we validated the German version of the recently developed Interoceptive Accuracy Scale (IAS; Murphy et al., 2020) and investigated its relationship with clinical outcomes, across seven samples from four research centers (Ntotal = 3462). The German IAS version was best explained by a one-factor structure that showed acceptable psychometric properties. Concerning clinical outcomes, we replicated previous findings showing a negative association between IAS scores and measures of alexithymia. Furthermore, we found that IAS scores were negatively related to measures of clinical symptomatology (e.g., anxiety, depressive, and somatoform symptoms) and neurotic traits. These findings suggest that the German validation of the IAS is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring subjective interoceptive accuracy. Results emphasize the importance of distinguishing between dimensions of interoception to understand its modulatory and protective role in the existence of psychopathology.
An Investigation of Common Stress Placement Errors in English Word Roots and their Suffixed Derivatives by Arabic-Speaking EFL Learners
Authors: Sa’di Rami A. , Sharadgah Talha A. , Yaseen Maha S.
Published: October 2022

Suffixation influences lexical stress in one of three ways. A suffix attached to a word root/stem may take the stress itself, or it may cause it to move from where it was in the uninflected stem to another syllable, or it may keep stress as is. Stress misassignment is very common in the speech of Arabic-speaking English as a foreign language (EFL) learners. This study was conducted to investigate how Arabic-speaking EFL learners at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University (PSAU) in Saudi Arabia assign lexical stress in word roots/stems and their suffixed derivatives to find out whether stress in suffixed words presented a greater challenge to the learners than stress in the stem; the study also aimed to examine whether errors in stress assignment were caused by first language(L1) interference. 112 students from PSAU were randomly chosen to pronounce 80 suffixed words as well as their roots/stems. The pronunciations were recorded, and the recordings were analyzed by the three researchers and three raters. The study concluded that suffixed words do not present a more significant stress assignment challenge than uninflected stems, the type of syllable attached to a word is not as important as the number of syllables, syllable weight and structure in a word, and that L1 influence may be one of the causes but not the only cause of lexical stress misassignment.
Respect the Process: The Public Cost of Unilateral Action in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Chu Jonathan , Williamson Scott
Published: October 2022

Executives often bypass legislatures to make policies by decree. How does public opinion react to this unilateral decision-making? Building from research on executive orders and theories of legislative politics, we argue that executives in both democratic and authoritarian political systems will face public disapproval for making policy decisions unilaterally. Through survey experiments implemented in the United States and Egypt, we show that executives consistently receive lower approval for unilateral action in both domestic and foreign policymaking, even among co-partisans. We find evidence that this effect is driven by the belief that excluding the legislature violates appropriate democratic procedure, but also that the effect weakens when unilateral action is used to advance policies known to represent the majority's preference. Observational survey data from dozens of countries corroborate the experimental results. The paper sheds new light on the contexts in which popular commitment to democratic principles may constrain unilateral decision-making.
Motivational Impact of Emulation in a Saudi Writing Classroom at Majmaah University
Authors: Almudibry Khaled
Published: October 2022

This study aims to assess emulative interventions conducted in a Saudi writing classroom at Majmaah University during the academic year 2019/2020. The interventions, i.e., orientation and revision, were needed to deal with writing challenges experienced by underachieving students. Thus, the main question to address at this connection is whether emulative intervention could enhance Saudi EFL learners’ writing since they were generally believed to lack motivation to pursue higher education, as evidenced by their indifference to classes. Also, the students were observed to demand satisfactory attendance records, high coursework scores, high final exam grades, etc., though they had not worked hard to achieve these goals. The qualitative data collected from 18 male students enrolled in the English program at the Community college. It consisted of the participants’ reaction to both success stories (collected from orientation sessions) and revision using guidelines set by expert writers and achieving students as informed by the literature. More specifically, toward the end of the second term of the academic year 2019/2020 a focus group discussion was conducted where the students freely expressed their views of the advantages and disadvantages of the intervention. Discussion was originally conducted in Arabic and then translated in English. The results revealed that the interventions effectively produced positive attitudes among participants toward writing, gaining confidence in themselves as writers and, ridding themselves of writing fears. The results led to some implications for both learning and instructional practices in the writing classroom.