bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strength Training in the Elderly People
Authors: Trzaskoma Zbigniew , Trzaskoma Łukasz , Krzesicka Anna
Published: May 2014

Streszczenie

Proces starzenia się człowieka charakteryzuje się licznymi zmianami, które dotyczą struktur na poziomie molekularnym, komórkowym, narządowym oraz całego organizmu. Jednym ze skutków zmniejszającej się aktywności fizycznej oraz postępujących procesów starzenia się organizmu człowieka jest systematyczne obniżanie się siły mięśniowej, któremu towarzyszy pogorszenie sprawności w podstawowych czynnościach codziennych. Ćwiczenia fizyczne, w tym ćwiczenia ukierunkowane na zwiększenie siły mięśniowej, wykonywane przez osoby starsze spowalniają proces starzenia się i zapobiegają występowaniu wielu chorób. Jakkolwiek nawet stała i regularna aktywność fizyczna nie może zapobiec spadkowi siły wraz z wiekiem, to zmiany adaptacyjne w centralnym układzie nerwowym i mięśniowym wywołane stosowaniem ćwiczeń siłowych w dużym stopniu mogą rekompensować ten proces.

Ćwiczenia ukierunkowane na zwiększenie siły i masy mięśniowej, nazywane ćwiczeniami siłowymi, są na świecie powszechnie znane i stosowane przez ludzi w podeszłym wieku. W Polsce model usprawniania fizycznego osób starszych bazuje prawie wyłącznie na ćwiczeniach wytrzymałościowych i rozciągających, a stosowanie klasycznych ćwiczeń siłowych często wywołuje obawy.

Celem pracy jest uzasadnienie potrzeby stosowania ćwiczeń ukierunkowanych na zwiększenie siły mięśniowej w usprawnianiu osób starszych i przedstawienie efektów ich zastosowania.
A New Way Of Investing On The Agricultural Real Estate Market In Poland
Authors: Szreder Jarosław , Walentynowicz Piotr
Published: May 2014

When compared to other segments of the market, the agricultural real estate market is a completely different world. While there have been possibilities to observe price corrections over the recent years of the economic crisis, e.g., on the housing market in big cities, on the market of holiday apartments or building plots, the agricultural real estate market remains stable in relation to prices. The average transactional prices of agricultural real properties are gradually growing, and the number of purchase transactions is continuously increasing. Based to the above mentioned trends, the author of the present paper put forward the thesis that investing in agricultural real properties is economically justified during times of economic crisis. One of the best forms of capital investment is that of a limited joint-stock company (S.K.A.).
Identification And Systematization Of Regeneration Investment Project Management Determinants
Authors: Wojewnik-Filipkowska Anna
Published: May 2014

The research subjects are regeneration investments, initiated and/or carried out by the public sector. Regeneration investments are an integral part of modern city management and the urban renewal process. This process should respect the changing needs of local communities and the individuals who constitute them. However, the main aim of regeneration investments is to restore former functions to degraded space or switch to new ones, respecting the principles of sustainable development. The management of regeneration investments depends on many factors. These include the external and internal environment. The diversity of these factors may mean that the same factor is beneficial for one participant, and unfavourable for another. An understanding of their diverse strength and direction of impact is very important for stakeholders. The study attempts to identify and systematize the determinants of investment management in the regeneration process, especially in the context of new challenges and socio-economic phenomena. The research thesis states that identification and systematization of regeneration investment management determinants is essential for making rational investment decisions. Hence, the study results may prove useful to decision-makers. The innovativeness of the study lies in approaching regeneration investments from the perspective of particular groups of stakeholders. Research methodology requires the application of a method of document analysis, a method of analysis and logical design.
Significance Of Residual Value In Asset Valuation
Authors: Żelazowski Konrad
Published: May 2014

The construction of residual value is a key element of income methods in asset valuation. Its main task is to include asset value at the end of the forecasted cash flow period. Although it is common to apply simplified models of residual value in valuation practice, its meaning in shaping the final outcome is substantial. The aim of the article is to emphasize the role of using an appropriate formula in determining residual value in the valuation process. Moreover, alternative methods of estimating residual value will be presented together with scenarios of applying them.
Price Bubble In The Real Estate Market - Behavioral Aspects
Authors: Brzezicka Justyna , Wisniewski Radosław
Published: May 2014

The article pertains to the topic of speculative price bubbles which arise in the real estate market. The individual parts of the article deal with the connection between the price bubble in the American real estate market and the global economic crisis, defining the concept of a price bubble with regard to the behaviors of market participants, providing a description of the environment generating price bubbles, and systematizing the reasons behind the formation of price bubbles. The analysis of behavioral aspects accompanying the existence of a price bubble is a key issue. The assumed considerations indicate that the housing price bubble could not exist in the real estate market (REM) if its formation was not accompanied by behavioral aspects. These aspects include, among others, giving in to temptations and emotions, limited rationalism, herd behavior, and seeking to make profits in a short amount of time at the expense of long-term negative consequences. The nature of these deliberations is theoretical.
The Thingness of the Thing: The Role of Everyday Objects in Becket Miracle Windows
Authors: Vasiliu Dana
Published: May 2014

In “The Waning of the Middle Ages”, J. Huizinga has pointed out that “all things would be absurd if their meaning would be exhausted by their function and their place in the phenomenal world, if by their essence they did not reach into a world beyond this.” (1924:201) Starting from this assumption, I purport to analyze the role/roles played by everyday/ordinary objects in the miracle stories depicted in the Trinity Chapel glazing and argue that their individuation/haecceity is subject to practices of ritualistic and artistic encodings
Training future teachers from the standpoint of implementation of modular-activity programs: international experience
Authors: Desiatov Tymofiy
Published: May 2014

The new approach to the higher education modernization based on the realization of competency-building modular programs has been considered. This approach closely supports competency-building approach to professional training of modern specialists within the context of current theoretical and methodological principles. The European dimension of competency-building approach and its basic concepts as well as its implementations in educational process have been characterized. It has been stressed that competency-building approach shifts the focus from teaching to acquiring competencies within the educational process. It has been defined that labor market growing demands, rapid technological change, globalization, increased academic and labor mobility require the use of the competency-building approach to future teachers’ aptitude to improve their professional level, which is a pre-requisite and priority in higher pedagogical education modernization. The connection of the competency-building approach with individually-oriented and active approach to learning has been considered, as it concerns student’s individuality and can be implemented and tested only when an individual student carries out a certain set of actions. The approach requires the transformation of the educational content, its conversion from the objective model that exists for “all” the students, to subjective outcomes of each student, which can be measured.
Formation of foreign communicative competence of adult immigrants in the USA
Authors: Sadovets Olesya
Published: May 2014

The necessity of forming foreign communicative competence of adult immigrants has been substantiated. The topicality of this issue for Ukraine has been defined. The experience of Global Talent Bridge, an initiative of World Education Services that is dedicated to helping skilled immigrants fully utilize their talents and education in the United States, concerning formation of adult immigrants’ communicative competence has been analyzed. It has been defined that their research concerning organization and realization of contextualized education of adult immigrants aimed at the formation of communicative competence in the process of learning English as a second language has positive results and can be used as a basis for formation of communicative competence of Ukrainian emigrants. Principles of communicative approach to learning a language and the essence of learning for specific purposes have been defined. It has been determined that the education of adult immigrants aimed at the formation of communicative competence is sure to presuppose the availability of contextualized curriculum. The definition of contextualized curriculum has been given. It has been stated that in the process of its elaboration it is necessary to take into consideration the aim of immigrants’ language learning, the priority of fluency and proficiency of language, principles of learning a foreign language by adults, communicative aspect of learning a language, the necessity of forming skills of Basic Interpersonal Communication and Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency; usage of special tests for checking skills of communicative competence, different types of lessons for proficient knowledge of everyday English as a second language.
The local help network to the homeless: case study of the city of koper, Slovenia
Authors: Geršak Blaž Matija , Praprotnik Klara , Krek Milan
Published: May 2014

Aim: To present the work of professionals and volunteers of the local help network that revolves around trying to help the homeless and to stimulate readers to critically assess the possible methods aimed towards the successful integration of those people into society.

Methods: In the city of Koper, we visited five governmental (GOs) and non-governmental organisations (NGOs): Red Cross Koper, Daybreak Association, Center for Social Work Koper, Diocesan Caritas Koper and Koper Prison; and interviewed 3-10 staff members at each organisation.

Results: For each organisation, we described its duties and activities, including its interconnection with other organisations, methods of integrating the homeless into the society and the personal thoughts of its staff members.

Conclusions: Both GOs and NGOs are necessary for providing effective assistance to people in need. NGOs excel at quickly responding to immediate needs. Their programs are usually implemented only as short-term resolutions. GOs on the other hand require a longer time to implement their concepts. Nonetheless, in contrast to NGO projects, they provide long-term stability. Even though people from remote parts of the society usually cooperate, the efforts of those who work with them are nothing short of exerting. They strive to achieve a general social acceptance of their ward population, which is the one thing those people need the most. Since only the society is truly capable of offering them a firm stepping stone towards escaping from the vicious circle in which they stray.
Estimation of sodium availability in food in Slovenia: results from household food purchase data from 2000 to 2009
Authors: Ribič Cirila Hlastan , Zakotnik Jožica Maučec , Seljak Barbara Koroušić , Poličnik Rok , Blaznik Urška , Mis Nataša Fidler , Eržen Ivan , Ji Chen , Cappucio Francesco P.
Published: May 2014

Introduction: The main aim of the study was to estimate average daily sodium availability of Slovenian consumers based on the food purchase data for the period 2000-2009. The secondary aim was to look for food group contributors to sodium availability.

Methods: Food purchase records (Household Budget Survey) as well as country-specific reference values and food composition information were used to estimate mean sodium availability of purchased foods (grams of sodium/person/ day - g Na/p/day) as well as food groups and foods with the largest contribution to the total sodium availability.

Discussion and results: The mean sodium availability of purchased foods decreased in the period 2000-2009 and was on average 2,104±132 mg Na/p/day, not accounting for ready-made meals, most semi-prepared foods and adding salt during cooking and at the table. The key food group contributors of sodium in Slovenia were breads and bakery products (35.0%), meat products (27.9%), processed vegetables (6.6%) and cheeses (5.3%).

Conclusions: Notwithstanding the smaller purchased quantities of higher-sodium foods (e.g. sausages, prosciutto, dry meat, pickled cucumbers) in comparison to larger purchased quantities of the medium-sodium foods (e.g. white bread, mixed bread, brown bread, milk, rolls), both food groups contribute significant amounts of sodium in the diets of Slovenians.
Conceptions of Speech Acts in the Theory and Practice of Argumentation: A Case Study of a Debate About Advocating
Authors: Goodwin Jean
Published: May 2014

Far from being of interest only to argumentation theorists, conceptions of speech acts play an important role in practitioners’ self-reflection on their own activities. After a brief review of work by Houtlosser, Jackson and Kauffeld on the ways that speech acts provide normative frameworks for argumentative interactions, this essay examines an ongoing debate among scientists in natural resource fields as to the appropriateness of the speech act of advocating in policy settings. Scientists’ reflections on advocacy align well with current scholarship, and the scholarship in turn can provide a deeper understanding of how to manage the communication challenges scientists face.
Argumentative Polylogues: Beyond Dialectical Understanding of Fallacies
Authors: Lewiński Marcin
Published: May 2014

Dialectical fallacies are typically defined as breaches of the rules of a regulated discussion between two participants (di-logue). What if discussions become more complex and involve multiple parties with distinct positions to argue for (poly-logues)? Are there distinct argumentation norms of polylogues? If so, can their violations be conceptualized as polylogical fallacies? I will argue for such an approach and analyze two candidates for argumentative breaches of multi-party rationality: false dilemma and collateral straw man.
The Assessment of a Selective Inhibition of Potassium Channels and Guanylate Cyclase in the Relaxation Induced by Exogenous Nitric Oxide in the Human Nonpregnant Myometrium
Authors: Modzelewska Beata , Kostrzewska Anna
Published: May 2014

To evaluate the involvement K+ channels in the relaxation induced by exogenous nitric oxide, after preincubation with L-arginine analogue L-NA in the human nonpregnant myometrium. The activity of myometrial strips, obtained from 60 premenopausal hysterectomised women, mounted in an organ bath was recorded under isometric conditions using force transducers with digital output. Concentration-response curves to DEA/NO after inhibition of endogenous NO were constructed in the absence and presence of soluble granulate cyclase and K+ channels’ blockers. The responses were quantified by calculating the area under the curve, the amplitude and frequency of the contractions. The inhibition of NOS results in slight but significant attenuation of the myometrium strips response to DEA/NO. Pre-treatment with both sGC inhibitors after preincubation with L-NA did not counteract the DEA-NOinduced relaxation of the spontaneous contractions of the myometrial strips. Application of blockers of different types of K+ channels to the myometrial strips significantly attenuated relaxing effect of cumulative DEA/NO administration in all cases. The present data indicate that even when endogenous production of NO is inhibited, the DEA/NO induced relaxation of human non-pregnant myometrium without involving the cGMP pathway.
Evaluation of wimax admission control algorithms in mobile voip scenarios with batch arrivals and nbldpc fec
Authors: Flizikowski Adam , Przybyszewski Marcin , Hołubowicz Witold
Published: May 2014

This paper presents results of assessing quality of VoIP conversations in WiMAX networks using the nbLDPC (non-binary Low- Density Parity-Check) FEC in mobility scenarios that are based on the real world terrain charactristics around simulated BS. System under test (SUT) is instrumented with three Call Admission Control (CAC) mechanisms (namely EMAC, ARAC and nsc-ARAC). These algorithms are evaluated against controlling the VBR traffic that comes with burst arrivals. The first algorithm relies on calculating simple exponential weighted moving average (EWMA) of the overall resource consumption whereas the other two ARAC algorithms perform calculations discerning between the new, the ongoing and the finishing connections thus providing more accurate resource estimations (but the ARAC tracks the history of requests as well). In order to evaluate their performance authors rely on a cell-level based simulation environment that relies on the cooperative use of well known simulators - ns2 and Matlab. Previous work in the field is enhanced by improving the fidelity of proposed IEEE 802.16 simulator. Authors demonstrate the influence of increasing number of arrivals per one batch as well as testing the "zero hour" scenario (system saturation). In order to include nbLDPC codes in SUT’s mobile channels, a method called Link-To-System interface (L2S) has been implemented.
Uncertainty-tolerant scheduling strategies for grid computing: knowledge-based techniques with bio-inspired learning
Authors: García-Galán Sebastián , Pérez de Prado Rocío , Munoz Expósito Jose Enrique
Published: May 2014

Nowadays, diverse areas in science as high energy physics, astronomy or climate research are increasingly relying on experimental studies addressed with hard computing simulations that cannot be faced with traditional distributed systems. In this context, grid computing has emerged as the new generation computing platform based on the large-scale cooperation of resources. Furthermore, the use of grid computing has also been extended to several technology, engineering or economy areas such as financial services and construction engineering that demand high computer capabilities. Nevertheless, a major issue in the sharing of resources is the scheduling problem in a high-dynamic and uncertain environment where resources may become available, inactive or reserved over time according to local policies or systems failures. In this paper, a review of scheduling strategies dealing with uncertainty in systems information by the application of techniques such as fuzzy logic, neural networks or evolutionary algorithms is presented. Furthermore, this work is centered on the study of scheduling strategies based on fuzzy rulebased systems given their flexibility and ability to adapt to changes in grid systems. These knowledge-based strategies are founded on a fuzzy characterization of the system state and the application of the scheduler knowledge in the form of fuzzy rules to cope with the imprecise environment. Obtaining good rules also arises as a challenging problem. Hence, the main learning methods that allow the improvement and adaptation of the expert schedulers are introduced.
Object recognition algorithm for mobile devices
Authors: Kozik Rafał , Marchewka Adam
Published: May 2014

In this paper an object recognition algorithm for mobile devices is presented. The algorithm is based on a hierarchical approach for visual information coding proposed by Riesenhuber and Poggio [1] and later extended by Serre et al. [2]. The proposed method adapts an efficient algorithm to extract the information about local gradients. This allows the algorithm to approximate the behaviour of simple cells layer of Riesenhuber and Poggio model. Moreover, it is also demonstrated that the proposed algorithm can be successfully deployed on a low-cost Android smartphone.
Assessment of Low Density Full-Waveform Airborne Laser Scanning for Individual Tree Detection and Tree Species Classification
Authors: Yu Xiaowei , Litkey Paula , Hyyppä Juha , Holopainen Markus , Vastaranta Mikko
Published: May 2014

The paper investigated the possible gains in using low density (average 1 pulse/m2) full-waveform (FWF) airborne laser scanning (ALS) data for individual tree detection and tree species classification and compared the results to the ones obtained using discrete return laser scanning. The aim is to approach a low-cost, fully ALS-based operative forest inventory method that is capable of providing species-specific diameter distributions required for wood procurement. The point data derived from waveform data were used for individual tree detection (ITD). Features extracted from segmented tree objects were used in random forest classification by which both feature selection and classification were performed. Experiments were conducted with 5532 ground measured trees from 292 sample plots and using FWF data collected with Leica ALS60 scanner over a boreal forest, mainly consisting of pine, spruce and birch, in southern Finland. For the comparisons, system produced multi-echo discrete laser data (DSC) were also analyzed with the same procedures. The detection rate of individual trees was slightly higher using FWF point data than DSC point data. Overall detection accuracy, however, was similar because commission error was increased when omission error was decreasing. The best overall classification accuracy was 73.4% which contains an 11 percentage points increase when FWF features were included in the classification compared with DSC features alone. The results suggest that FWF ALS data contains more information about the structure and physical properties of the environment that can be used in tree species classification of pine, spruce and birch when comparing with DSC ALS data.
Over-Expression of Catalase in Myeloid Cells Confers Acute Protection Following Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Cabigas E. , Somasuntharam Inthirai , Brown Milton , Che Pao , Pendergrass Karl , Chiang Bryce , Taylor W. , Davis Michael
Published: May 2014

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States and new treatment options are greatly needed. Oxidative stress is increased following myocardial infarction and levels of antioxidants decrease, causing imbalance that leads to dysfunction. Therapy involving catalase, the endogenous scavenger of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), has been met with mixed results. When over-expressed in cardiomyocytes from birth, catalase improves function following injury. When expressed in the same cells in an inducible manner, catalase showed a time-dependent response with no acute benefit, but a chronic benefit due to altered remodeling. In myeloid cells, catalase over-expression reduced angiogenesis during hindlimb ischemia and prevented monocyte migration. In the present study, due to the large inflammatory response following infarction, we examined myeloid-specific catalase over-expression on post-infarct healing. We found a significant increase in catalase levels following infarction that led to a decrease in H2O2 levels, leading to improved acute function. This increase in function could be attributed to reduced infarct size and improved angiogenesis. Despite these initial improvements, there was no improvement in chronic function, likely due to increased fibrosis. These data combined with what has been previously shown underscore the need for temporal, cell-specific catalase delivery as a potential therapeutic option.
The Ig CAM CAR is Implicated in Cardiac Development and Modulates Electrical Conduction in the Mature Heart
Authors: Matthäus Claudia , Schreiber Jadwiga , Jüttner René , Rathjen Fritz
Published: May 2014

The coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR, CXADR) is a multi-functional cell adhesion molecule which forms with CLMP, BT-IgSF, ESAM and CTX a structural subgroup within the Ig superfamily. These proteins share an overall domain organization with two extracellular Ig domains, a transmembrane region and a cytoplasmic tail which includes a PDZ binding motif. CAR is strongly expressed in brain and heart during embryonic development and becomes down-regulated in early postnatal stages. Cell adhesion experiments, binding studies and as well as crystallographic investigations on the extracellular domain reveal a flexible ectodomain for CAR that mediates homophilic and heterophilic binding. Several animal models showed an essential role for CAR during embryonic heart development and for electrical conduction between neighboring cardiomyocytes at mature stages. CAR gets re-expressed in diseased or damaged cardiac tissue, probably to induce regeneration and remodeling of the cardiac muscle.
Improving Classification of Airborne Laser Scanning Echoes in the Forest-Tundra Ecotone Using Geostatistical and Statistical Measures
Authors: Stumberg Nadja , Hauglin Marius , Bollandsås Ole , Gobakken Terje , Næsset Erik
Published: May 2014

The vegetation in the forest-tundra ecotone zone is expected to be highly affected by climate change and requires effective monitoring techniques. Airborne laser scanning (ALS) has been proposed as a tool for the detection of small pioneer trees for such vast areas using laser height and intensity data. The main objective of the present study was to assess a possible improvement in the performance of classifying tree and nontree laser echoes from high-density ALS data. The data were collected along a 1000 km long transect stretching from southern to northern Norway. Different geostatistical and statistical measures derived from laser height and intensity values were used to extent and potentially improve more simple models ignoring the spatial context. Generalised linear models (GLM) and support vector machines (SVM) were employed as classification methods. Total accuracies and Cohen’s kappa coefficients were calculated and compared to those of simpler models from a previous study. For both classification methods, all models revealed total accuracies similar to the results of the simpler models. Concerning classification performance, however, the comparison of the kappa coefficients indicated a significant improvement for some models both using GLM and SVM, with classification accuracies >94%.
The New Psychedelic Culture: LSD, Ecstasy, "Rave" Parties and The Grateful Dead
Authors: Millman Robert B , Beeder Ann Bordwine
Published: May 2014

Some accounts suggest that drug use facilitates entry to an otherwise unavailable spiritual world.
Refractory Depression: Relevance of Psychosocial Factors and Therapies
Authors: Thase Michael E , Howland Robert H
Published: May 2014

Identification of the correlates of nonresponsivity across the whole range of treatments for depression is increasingly important.
On the Failure to Recognize Lithium Failure
Authors: Himmelhoch Jonathan M
Published: May 2014

Lithium's reputation as an effective treatment for a specific psychiatric illness has created the mistaken belief that it is a "psychiatric penicillin."
An Algorithm for the Pharmacological Treatment of Schizophrenia
Authors: Zarate Carlos A , Cole Jonathan O
Published: May 2014

As more new pharmacological agents for the treatment of schizophrenia emerge, the clinician may feel overwhelmed with the multiplicity of choices.
An Algorithm for the Treatment of Major Depression and its Subtypes
Authors: Debattista Charles , Schatzberg Alan F
Published: May 2014

Major depression appears to encompass a heterogeneous group of disorders with distinct pathophysiologies and treatment responses.
Proposal for a National Psychiatric Informatics System (NPIS)
Authors: Brown-Beasley Michael W
Published: May 2014

Audio and video telephony will provide the universal interface for clinicians, patients, and researchers.
Mixed States: Current and Alternate Diagnostic Models
Authors: Krasuski Jack S , Janicak Philip G
Published: May 2014

What constitutes mixed mania (or mixed states) as a potentially separate diagnostic entity is unclear.
The Therapeutic Challenge of Rapid Cycling Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Bauer Mark S , Keller Martin B
Published: May 2014

Validation studies for rapid cycling have been conducted recently as part of the DSM-IV development process.
Psychosis and Schizophrenia in Alcohol and Drug Dependence
Authors: Miller Norman S , Eriksen Ana , Owley Thomas
Published: May 2014

Clinical and epidemiological studies reveal high prevalence rates for comorbidity between schizophrenia and alcohol/drug dependence.
Psychopharmacologic Treatment of Depression in the Medical Setting
Authors: Harnett David S
Published: May 2014

It is often unclear whether depression is due to the direct physiologic effect of the medical illness, whether the medical condition is acting as a "psychological" precipitant of depression, or whether both processes are occurring.
How Do Neurons Make a Mind?
Authors: Fawcett Jan
Published: May 2014

Our own minds have to continually learn new languages of psychology to perfect our ability to work with the minds of our patients.
Spring and Death - Youth, Video Games, and War
Authors: Fawcett Jan
Published: May 2014

We associate hope and future life with children and young people just as we do with the spring.
The Pleasure Principle
Authors: Fawcett Jan
Published: May 2014

Can the study of addictive disorders and their effects on the brain help our understanding of happiness?
Use of Psychotropic Medications: Syndrome Diagnosis Versus Symptom Severity
Authors: Fawcett Jan
Published: May 2014

Medications treat target symptoms, not the specific disorder.
Trauma May Spark OCD in Patients With Down Syndrome
Authors: Stavrakaki Chrissoula , Antochi Ruxandra M
Published: May 2014

Pilot study demonstrates difference in etiology for the emergence of obsessive-compulsive disorder in those with comorbid developmental disabilities.
Determining Pharmacotherapy Options for Behavioral Disturbances in Patients With Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Antochi Ruxandra M , Stavrakaki Chrissoula
Published: May 2014

A search of the literature shows a wide range of options for clinicians to use when treating this population.
Depression and Heart Disease
Authors: Sayers Steven L
Published: May 2014

The interrelationship between these two common disorders is complex and requires careful diagnostic and treatment methods.
Relationship Management
Authors: Dawson David
Published: May 2014

Patients with borderline personality disorder face many challenges in interactions with others.
A 43-year-old Woman With Symptoms of PTSD
Authors: Davidson Jonathan R T
Published: May 2014

Recent events can bring previous traumatic experiences back to the surface.
Ethical Issues in Screening for Unusual Child-Rearing Practices
Authors: Brody Howard , Gaiss Betty
Published: May 2014

Because of the many ethical questions that anse in any program for early identification and prevention of unusual child-rearing practices, Dr. Heifer asked the group on medical ethics at Michigan State University to comment on his article. Their critique is included below. The issues that are raised must be given every consideration as we move forward in our endeavors to help these children and their families.
Parenting: A Developmental Process
Authors: Friedman Alma S , Friedman David Belais
Published: May 2014

An introduction to parenting and parent development is presented, with a review and outlines of child and family development.
Parenting Styles, Child Behavior, and the Pediatrician
Authors: Chamberlin Robert W
Published: May 2014

Should the pediatrician advise parents to be strict or permissive? This article presents a discussion of the effects of permissiveness, rigidity, and punitiveness on the child and suggestions for improving the quality and quantity of positive contact.
Parenting the Black Child
Authors: Harrison-Ross Phyllis
Published: May 2014

The terms "black" and "white" refer to specific colors. Very few individuals are black or white, and even young children know this. The pediatrician should encourage parents to talk to their children about race, color., and racial heritage.
Parenting: Special Needs of Low-Income Spanish-Surnamed Families
Authors: Boulette Teresa Ramírez
Published: May 2014

It is highly questionable that machismo is a cultural rather than a poverty or father-absence phenomenon. Here is a review of some of the factors the pediatrician will want to consider in working with Hispanic families.
Predictive Analytics of Social Networks
Authors: Yang Ming , Hsu William H. , Kallumadi Surya Teja
Published: May 2014

In this chapter, the authors survey the general problem of analyzing a social network in order to make predictions about its behavior, content, or the systems and phenomena that generated it. They begin by defining five basic tasks that can be performed using social networks: (1) link prediction; (2) pathway and community formation; (3) recommendation and decision support; (4) risk analysis; and (5) planning, especially causal interventional planning. Next, they discuss frameworks for using predictive analytics, availability of annotation, text associated with (or produced within) a social network, information propagation history (e.g., upvotes and shares), trust, and reputation data. They also review challenges such as imbalanced and partial data, concept drift especially as it manifests within social media, and the need for active learning, online learning, and transfer learning. They then discuss general methodologies for predictive analytics involving network topology and dynamics, heterogeneous information network analysis, stochastic simulation, and topic modeling using the abovementioned text corpora. They continue by describing applications such as predicting “who will follow whom?” in a social network, making entity-to-entity recommendations (person-to-person, business-to-business [B2B], consumer-to-business [C2B], or business-to-consumer [B2C]), and analyzing big data (especially transactional data) for Customer Relationship Management (CRM) applications. Finally, the authors examine a few specific recommender systems and systems for interaction discovery, as part of brief case studies.
Money Supply
Authors: Das Rituparna
Published: May 2014

Money supply is nowadays expected to contain precise, comprehensive, and real-time information about the macroeconomic system to facilitate decision making of the Central Bank. Because money supply, as driver or driven, is linked from time to time to several other variables like inflation, it touches every lair of civil society and politics. An important aspect of understanding such information is to identify other variables and their interrelations with money supply and the models to quantify and predict the same. This chapter covers various facets and issues of modeling and forecasting money supply in India in a comparative tone between pre- and post-crisis periods.
Overview on Hydrogen Absorbing Materials
Authors: Walker G. , Bououdina Mohamed , Guo Z. X. , Fruchart D.
Published: May 2014

Hydrogen is a promising and clean fuel for transportation and domestic applications, but is difficult to store. Many systems have been investigated in order to improve the maximum hydrogen storage capacity (reversibility), high kinetics, moderate equilibrium pressure and/or decomposition temperature, and better cyclability. In this chapter, a review of studies related to stability of Zr-based Laves phase system as well as in-situ neutron diffraction investigation, the kinetics of TiFe, surface treatment of LaNi5 system, mechanically alloyed Mg-based hydrides, and graphite nanofibers are reported.
Nucleic Acids-Based Nanotechnology
Authors: Penchovsky Robert
Published: May 2014

Nanobiotechnology is emerging as a valuable field that integrates research from science and technology to create novel nanodevices and nanostructures with various applications in modern nanotechnology. Applications of nanobiotechnology are employed in biomedical and pharmaceutical research, biosensoring, nanofluidics, self-assembly of nanostructures, nanopharmaceutics, molecular computing, and others. It has been proven that nucleic acids are a very suitable medium for self-assembly of diverse nanostructures and catalytic nanodevices for various applications. In this chapter, the authors discuss various applications of nucleic-based nanotechnology. The areas discussed here include building nanostructures using DNA oligonucleodite, self-assembly of integrated RNA-based nanodevices for molecular computing and diagnostics, antibacterial drug discovery, exogenous control of gene expression, and gene silencing.
Communication and Collaboration in a Web 2.0 World
Authors: Wigand F. Dianne Lux
Published: May 2014

A recent paradigm shift, enabled by Web 2.0 technologies, represents a potential change from a static web presence for the delivery of government information and services to using collaborative web technologies to engage citizens and employees, enabling collaboration, fostering co-production, and encouraging transparency in government. Social media is creating new communication pathways among all stakeholders. The author examines two theoretical approaches to provide a perspective for understanding the adoption of social media and the changing relationships between government and citizens using Web 2.0 technologies. Research studies examining the adoption and use of social media by citizens and public and private sector organizations are presented. Examples of government initiatives adopting and using social media are explored. Challenges and barriers of using social media to achieve open government initiatives of participation and collaboration are examined. Recommendations for using social media to achieve government organizations' missions and to build relationships with citizens are offered. Future research directions are discussed.
Redefining Participation in Online Community
Authors: Gonzalez Gibrán Rivera , Cox Andrew
Published: May 2014

To be sustainable, online communities must have the ability to attract and retain members, who in turn must be willing to participate by giving their time, knowledge, and effort to provide benefits to others and themselves. Yet, many studies look at participation from a static point of view and disregard different levels of participation. There is a need to redefine the concept of participation. Furthermore, many studies explaining participation in virtual communities have focused their attention on the internal characteristics of these communities neglecting the importance of the external environment such as the competition that exists between online communities and alternative media; the multiple memberships people simultaneously have in different communities/practices; the organizational and social context in which online communities exist; and the social practices online communities support. By looking at participation as an evolving process instead of as a one-time event; by giving voice to all participants of the community; and by studying the context within which communities emerge, understanding of participation can be improved. To illustrate how these topics reshape a research agenda, the authors offer examples from a current study they are undertaking shaped by these concerns. By presenting the example the authors show how awareness of the “neglected topics” identified - as sensitizing ideas - expands research method and deepens understanding of participation in online communities. A practice-based approach is suggested as a useful theoretical tool to deepen current understanding of online community participation.
The Creation and Management of Online Brand Communities
Authors: Falcone Paola
Published: May 2014

Online brand communities are a specific type of virtual community, which gather admirers and consumers of a given brand on the web. Their captivating nature, plus their marketing effectiveness compared to their costs are attracting the interest of both researchers and marketing/brand managers. This chapter intends to identify, describe and analyse the main issues concerning their creation and effective management.
Intelligence in Web Technology
Authors: Maitra Sourav , Mondal A. C.
Published: May 2014

End users also start days with Internet. This has become the scenario. One of the most burgeoning needs of computer science research is research on web technologies and intelligence, as that has become one of the most emerging nowadays. A big area of other research areas like e-marketing, e-learning, e-governance, searching technologies, et cetera will be highly benefited if intelligence can be added to the Web. The objective of this chapter is to create a clear understanding of Web technology research and highlight the ways to implement Semantic Web. The chapter also discusses the tools and technologies that can be applied to develop Semantic Web. This new research area needs enough care as sometimes data are open. Thus, software engineering issues are also a focus.
Social Networking, Cyber Bullying, and the Role of Community Education
Authors: Sofo Michelle , Sofo Francesco
Published: May 2014

This chapter explores the link between social capital, the bullying that can occur via social networking sites, and community education. It becomes evident that social networking sites are influential sources of informal learning despite the published literature being somewhat divided on the sociological, psychological, and emotional benefits of social networking. Through the presentation of Australian statistics and case studies, the chapter demonstrates how social capital can be eroded through the misuse of social networking sites particularly in the form of cyber bullying. The Australian government has responded to the social impacts of cyber bullying by funding an extensive community education program. Through examining this program, it is possible to see how important it is to have effective and accessible community education regarding safe and responsible social networking.
What is Cyberterrorism and How Real is the Threat?
Authors: Conway Maura
Published: May 2014

This chapter critically analyzes the academic literature on cyberterrorism produced between 1996 and 2009. It begins by detailing the origins of the concept and follows up with a brief overview of the cyberterrorism literature produced to date. The remainder of the chapter is divided into five major sections. The first of these is concerned with the definitional debates surrounding cyberterrorism, particularly the question of whether disruption of data is too minimal, given the necessary motivational factors are present, to be classed as cyberterrorism and destruction is necessary. The second and third sections are devoted to untangling cyberterrorism from hacking and cyberterrorism from cybercrime, respectively. Section four is focused upon strategies for separating the cyberterrorism hype from the reality, while section five departs from the cyberterrorism literature to draw attention to an argument from the “terrorism as communication” approach that, although it dismisses cyberterrorism as an imminent threat and thus bears similarities to much of the literature discussed in this chapter, introduces a new and different rationale for same.
A Vulnerability-Based Model of Cyber Weapons and its Implications for Cyber Conflict
Authors: Czosseck Christian , Podins Karlis
Published: May 2014

Throughout history, mankind has developed and employed novel weapons and countermeasures. Both offensive and defensive weapon systems are limited by the laws of nature. Consequently, military concepts and doctrines were designed by implicitly taking into account those limitations. The digital age has introduced a new class of weaponry that poses an initial challenge to the common understanding of conflict and warfare due to their different characteristics: cyber weapons. This article explores the crucial differences between the conventional weapon and cyber weapon domains, starting a debate as to what extent classical concepts and doctrines are applicable to cyberspace and cyber conflict. The authors propose a definition of cyber weapons being an instrument consisting primarily of data and knowledge, presenting them in the form of prepared and executed computer codes on or a sequence of user interactions with a vulnerable system. The authors describe a vulnerability-based model for cyber weapons and for cyber defence. This model is then applied to describe the relationship between cyber-capable actors (e.g. States). The proposed model clarifies important implications for cyber coalition-building and disarmament. Furthermore, it presents a general solution for the problem of the destruction of cyber weapons, i.e., in the context of cyber arms control.
Distributed Monitoring
Authors: Brundage Matthew , Mavridou Anastasia , Johnson James , Hawrylak Peter J. , Papa Mauricio
Published: May 2014

SCADA systems monitor and control many critical installations around the world, interpreting information gathered from a multitude of resources to drive physical processes to a desired state. In order for the system to react correctly, the data it collects from sensors must be reliable, accurate, and timely, regardless of distance and environmental conditions. This chapter presents a framework for secure data acquisition in SCADA systems using a distributed monitoring solution. An overview of the framework is followed by a detailed description of a monitoring system designed specifically to improve the security posture and act as a first step towards more intelligent tools and operations. The architecture of the Smart Grid is used to analyze and evaluate benefits that the proposed monitoring system can provide. Finally, the effects and use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and ZigBee as data acquisition platforms are discussed in the context of the proposed solution.
An Alternative Framework for Research on Situational Awareness in Computer Network Defense
Authors: McMillan Eric , Tyworth Michael
Published: May 2014

In this chapter the authors present a new framework for the study of situation awareness in computer network defense (cyber-SA). While immensely valuable, the research to date on cyber-SA has overemphasized an algorithmic level of analysis to the exclusion of the human actor. Since situation awareness, and therefore cyber-SA, is a human cognitive process and state, it is essential that future cyber-SA research account for the human-in-the-loop. To that end, the framework in this chapter presents a basis for examining cyber-SA at the cognitive, system, work, and enterprise levels of analysis. In describing the framework, the authors present examples of research that are emblematic of each type of analysis.