bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiple imputation confidence intervals for the mean of the discrete distributions for incomplete data
Authors: Lee Chung‐Han , Wang Hsiuying
Published: November 2021

Confidence intervals for the mean of discrete exponential families are widely used in many applications. Since missing data are commonly encountered, the interval estimation for incomplete data is an important problem. The performances of the existing multiple imputation confidence intervals are unsatisfactory. We propose modified multiple imputation confidence intervals to improve the existing confidence intervals for the mean of the discrete exponential families with quadratic variance functions. A simulation study shows that the coverage probabilities of the modified confidence intervals are closer to the nominal level than the existing confidence intervals when the true mean is near the boundaries of the parameter space. These confidence intervals are also illustrated with real data examples.
A Sub-GeV Low Mass Hidden Dark Sector of SU(2)H × U(1)X
Authors: Ramos Raymundo , Tran Van Que , Yuan Tzu-Chiang
Published: November 2021

Abstract

We present a detailed study of the non-abelian vector dark matter candidateWtwith a MeV–GeV low mass range, accompanied by a dark photonA′ and a darkZ′ of similar masses, in the context of a gauged two-Higgs-doublet model with the hidden gauge group that has the same structure as the Standard Model electroweak gauge group. The stability of dark matter is protected by an accidental discreteZ2symmetry (h-parity) which was usually imposedad hocby hand. We examine the model by taking into account various experimental constraints including dark photon searches at NA48, NA64, E141,ν-CAL, BaBar and LHCb experiments, electroweak precision data from LEP, relic density from Planck satellite, direct (indirect) detection of dark matter from CRESST-III, DarkSide-50, XENON1T (Fermi-LAT), and collider physics from the LHC. The theoretical requirements of bounded from below of the scalar potential and tree level perturbative unitarity of the scalar sector are also imposed. The viable parameter space of the model consistent with all the constraints is exhibited. While a darkZ′ can be the dominant contribution in the relic density due to resonant annihilation of dark matter, a dark photon is crucial to dark matter direct detection. We also demonstrate that the parameter space can be further probed by various sub-GeV direct dark matter experimental searches at CDEX, NEWS-G and SuperCDMS in the near future.
Synchrotron 4D X-Ray Imaging Reveals Strain Localization at the Onset of System-Size Failure in Porous Reservoir Rocks
Authors: Kandula Neelima , McBeck Jessica , Cordonnier Benoît , Weiss Jérôme , Dysthe Dag Kristian , Renard François
Published: November 2021

Understanding the mechanisms of strain localization leading to brittle failure in reservoir rocks can shed light on geomechanical processes such as porosity and permeability evolution during rock deformation, induced seismicity, fracturing, and subsidence in geological reservoirs. We perform triaxial compression tests on three types of porous reservoir rocks to reveal the local deformation mechanisms that control system-size failure. We deformed cylindrical samples of Adamswiller sandstone (23% porosity), Bentheim sandstone (23% porosity), and Anstrude limestone (20% porosity), using an X-ray transparent triaxial deformation apparatus. This apparatus enables the acquisition of three-dimensional synchrotron X-ray images, under in situ stress conditions. Analysis of the tomograms provide 3D distributions of the microfractures and dilatant pores from which we calculated the evolving macroporosity. Digital volume correlation analysis reveals the dominant strain localization mechanisms by providing the incremental strain components of pairs of tomograms. In the three rock types, damage localized as a single shear band or by the formation of conjugate bands at failure. The porosity evolution closely matches the evolution of the incremental strain components of dilation, contraction, and shear. With increasing confinement, the dominant strain in the sandstones shifts from dilative strain (Bentheim sandstone) to contractive strain (Adamswiller sandstone). Our study also links the formation of compactive shear bands with porosity variations in Anstrude limestone, which is characterized by a complex pore geometry. Scanning electron microscopy images indicate that the microscale mechanisms guiding strain localization are pore collapse and grain crushing in sandstones, and pore collapse, pore-emanated fractures and cataclasis in limestones. Our dynamic X-ray microtomography data brings unique insights on the correlation between the evolutions of rock microstructure, porosity evolution, and macroscopic strain during the approach to brittle failure in reservoir rocks.
Assessing the Rates and Reasons of Elective Surgical Cancellations on the Day of Surgery: A Multicentre Study from Urban Indian Hospitals
Authors: Sarang Bhakti , Bhandoria Geetu , Patil Priti , Gadgil Anita , Bains Lovenish , Khajanchi Monty , Kizhakke Veetil Deepa , Dutta Rohini , Shah Priyansh , Bhandarkar Prashant , Kaman Lileswar , Ghosh Dhruva , Mandrelle Kavita , Kumar Ashwani , Bahadur Akshay , Krishna Sunil , Gautam Kamal Kishore , Dev Ya , Aggarwal Manisha , Thivalapill Neil , Roy Nobhojit ,   the IndSurg Collaboration, Mandrelle Kavita , Kumar Ashwani , Krishna Sunil , Bains Lovenish , Kadam Sameer , Kaman Lileswar , Belekar Dnyanesh , Gadgil Anita , Bahadur Akshay , Gautam Kamal Kishore , Haque Parvez David , Jain Ritu , Bhatti Sahir , Bhatt Alisha , Ghosh Dhruva , Aggarwal Manisha , Kanna D Vinoth , Sharma Akanksha A. , Badareesh L. , Kedage Vijayendra , Jamunpalli Krishna Kalyan Reddy , Arora Sumit , Mishra Gunjan , Sakaray Yashwant , Khare Siddhant , Patil Bhakti Sarang Priti , Bhandarkar Prashant
Published: November 2021

Background

Cancellations of elective surgeries on the day of surgery (DOS) can lead to added financial burden and wastage of resources for healthcare facilities; as well as social and emotional problems to patients. These cancellations act as barriers to delivering efficient surgical services. Optimal utilisation of the available resources is necessary for resource‐constrained low‐and‐middle‐income countries (LMIC). This study investigates the rate and causes of cancellations of elective surgeries on the DOS in various surgical departments across ten hospitals in India.

Methods

A research consortium ‘IndSurg’ led by World Health Organisation Collaboration Centre (WHOCC) for Research in Surgical Care Delivery in LMICs, India conducted this multicentre retrospective cross‐sectional study to analyse the cancellations of elective/planned surgical operations on DOS across urban secondary and tertiary level hospitals. We audited surgical records of a pre‐decided period of six weeks for cancellations, documented relevant demographic information and reasons for cancellations.

Results

We analysed records from the participating hospitals, with an overall cancellation rate of 9.7% (508/5231) on the DOS for elective surgical operations. Of these, 74% were avoidable cancellations. A majority (30%) of these 508 cancellations were attributed to insufficient resources, 28% due to patient's refusal or failure to show‐up, and 22% due to change in patient's medical status.

Conclusion

We saw a preponderance of avoidable reasons for elective surgery cancellations. A multidisciplinary approach with adequate preoperative patient counselling, timely communication between the patients and caregivers, adequate preoperative anaesthetic assessment, and planning by the surgical team may help reduce the cancellation rate.
Assessment of whole gut motility in adolescents using the wireless motility capsule test
Authors: Fritz Tanja , Hünseler Christoph , Broekaert Ilse
Published: November 2021

Functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders are often associated with intestinal dysmotility representing a diagnostic challenge. A relatively new method is the wireless motility capsule (WMC) test, which continuously measures pH, pressure, temperature and regional transit times as it passes through the GI tract. In adults, the WMC test was approved for use in the diagnosis of gastroparesis and constipation by assessing GI transit and contractility. We performed the WMC test in nine adolescent patients aged 12–17 years with functional GI symptoms from July 2017 until February 2019. Abnormal transit times were detected in four patients. Three patients showed abnormal transit times of the upper GI tract: in two cases, contractility analysis revealed prolonged gastric retention, and in one patient, abnormal colonic transit was detected.

Conclusion: The WMC test is a minimally invasive procedure with potential to expand future diagnostic opportunities for paediatric patients with functional GI disorders and suspected motility disturbances.

What is Known:• The assessment of GI transit and contractility of the whole gut is possible with the WMC test which is approved for use in the diagnosis of gastroparesis and constipation in adults.

What is New:• The WMC test is a non-invasive diagnostic tool with the potential to expand diagnostic opportunities in paediatric patients by assessing regional and whole gut motility.• In paediatric patients with functional GI disorders, the WMC test could help to make an adequate diagnosis and initiate appropriate therapy.
The Covering Radius and a Discrete Surface Area for Non-Hollow Simplices
Authors: Codenotti Giulia , Santos Francisco , Schymura Matthias
Published: November 2021

We explore upper bounds on the covering radius of non-hollow lattice polytopes. In particular, we conjecture a general upper bound of d/2 in dimension d, achieved by the “standard terminal simplices” and direct sums of them. We prove this conjecture up to dimension three and show it to be equivalent to the conjecture of González-Merino and Schymura (Discrete Comput. Geom. 58(3), 663–685 (2017)) that the d-th covering minimum of the standard terminal n-simplex equals d/2, for every $$n\ge d$$

n
≥
d

. We also show that these two conjectures would follow from a discrete analog for lattice simplices of Hadwiger’s formula bounding the covering radius of a convex body in terms of the ratio of surface area versus volume. To this end, we introduce a new notion of discrete surface area of non-hollow simplices. We prove our discrete analog in dimension two and give strong evidence for its validity in arbitrary dimension.
A normal criterion concerning zero numbers
Authors: Sun Chengxiong
Published: November 2021

Let $$n \ge 4$$

n
≥
4

be a positive integer, $$\mathcal {F}$$
F
be a family of meromorphic functions in D and let $$a(z)(\not \equiv 0), b(z)$$

a
(
z
)
(
≢
0
)
,
b
(
z
)

be two holomorphic functions in D. If, for any function $$f \in \mathcal { F}$$

f
∈
F

, (1)$$f(z) \ne \infty $$

f
(
z
)
≠
∞

when $$a(z)=0$$

a
(
z
)
=
0

, (2) $$f'(z)-a(z)f^{n}(z)-b(z)$$

f
′

(
z
)

-
a

(
z
)

f
n

(
z
)

-
b

(
z
)

has at most one zero in D, then $$\mathcal {F}$$
F
is normal in D.
A case of a hemodialysis patient with secondary hyperparathyroidism who was resistant to etelcalcetide treatment but not to cinacalcet hydrochloride
Authors: Nakamura Hironori , Tokumoto Masanori , Anayama Mariko , Kurihara Shigekazu , Makino Yasushi , Tamura Katsuhiko , Nagasawa Masaki
Published: November 2021

Although both cinacalcet and etelcalcetide are calcimimetics that directly inhibit parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion by activating the calcium (Ca)-sensing receptor (CaSR), their binding sites are different. We report a first case of a hemodialysis (HD) patient with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), in whom cinacalcet, but not etelcalcetide, could reduce serum intact PTH (i-PTH) levels. A HD patient received total parathyroidectomy (PTx) with auto-transplantation 16 years earlier. Due to SHPT relapse, cinacalcet was started at 7 years after PTx. His i-PTH levels had been controlled with both 75–100 mg of cinacalcet and 4.5 μg/week of calcitriol for a year before switching from cinacalcet to etelcalcetide. At 1 month following the switch, his serum i-PTH level increased to 716 pg/mL. The dose of etelcalcetide was gradually increased and finally reached the maximal dose of 45 mg/week. Because even the maximal dose of etelcalcetide for > 4 months did not reduce his serum i-PTH levels to < 700 pg/mL, etelcalcetide was switched to 50 mg/day of cinacalcet, which reduced the levels to 208 pg/mL at 2 months after the switch. Genomic sequencing test using whole blood revealed no mutation in the portion including Cys 482 of CaSR gene. The patient was resistant to etelcalcetide treatment but not to cinacalcet, suggesting the possibility that the enlarged parathyroid gland has some change in the portion including Cys 482 in the CaSR gene. Therefore, considering the possibility of etelcalcetide resistance during SHPT treatment should be kept in mind.
Interpersonal Cognitive Biases in Children and Young People with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Schmidt Nora B. , Vereenooghe Leen
Published: November 2021

Purpose of Review

Interpersonal cognitive biases have been linked to externalising and internalising problems. This systematic review investigates their role in children and young people with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD), who have a high risk of experiencing such problems.

Recent Findings

With 16 identified studies, this is a widely under-recognised research area. The three studies conducted within the last 5 years focused on threat interpretation and its association with anxiety. No difference between children and young people with and without NDD was found in the eleven studies investigating hostile attribution of intent, of which the most recent is nearly a decade old. No studies addressed attention or memory bias towards ambiguous interpersonal information.

The scarcity and heterogeneity of research highlighted in this paper demonstrate the urgency to use standardised and accessible research methods to develop a strong evidence base regarding the potential content-specific interpretation bias in individuals with NDD.
Smart healthcare IoT applications based on fog computing: architecture, applications and challenges
Authors: Quy Vu Khanh , Hau Nguyen Van , Anh Dang Van , Ngoc Le Anh
Published: November 2021

The history of human development has proven that medical and healthcare applications for humanity always are the main driving force behind the development of science and technology. The advent of Cloud technology for the first time allows providing systems infrastructure as a service, platform as a service and software as a service. Cloud technology has dominated healthcare information systems for decades now. However, one limitation of cloud-based applications is the high service response time. In some emergency scenarios, the control and monitoring of patient status, decision-making with related resources are limited such as hospital, ambulance, doctor, medical conditions in seconds and has a direct impact on the life of patients. To solve these challenges, optimal computing technologies have been proposed such as cloud computing, edge computing, and fog computing technologies. In this article, we make a comparison between computing technologies. Then, we present a common architectural framework based on fog computing for Internet of Health Things (Fog-IoHT) applications. Besides, we also indicate possible applications and challenges in integrating fog computing into IoT Healthcare applications. The analysis results indicated that there is huge potential for IoHT applications based on fog computing. We hope, this study will be an important guide for the future development of fog-based Healthcare IoT applications.
Literary Geographies in Balzac and Proust
Authors: Conroy Melanie
Published: November 2021

Literary geography is one of the core aspects of the study of the novel, both in its realist and post-realist incarnations. Literary geography is not just about connecting place-names to locations on the map; literary geographers also explore how spaces interact in fictional worlds and the imaginary of physical space as seen through the lens of characters' perceptions. The tools of literary cartography and geographical analysis can be particularly useful in seeing how places relate to one another and how characters are associated with specific places. This Element explores the literary geographies of Balzac and Proust as exemplary of realist and post-realist traditions of place-making in novelistic spaces. The central concern of this Element is how literary cartography, or the mapping of place-names, can contribute to our understanding of place-making in the novel.
Social media: A new tool for outbreak surveillance
Authors: Wilson Averi E. , Lehmann Christoph U. , Saleh Sameh N. , Hanna John , Medford Richard J.
Published: November 2021

Social media platforms allow users to share news, ideas, thoughts, and opinions on a global scale. Data processing methods allow researchers to automate the collection and interpretation of social media posts for efficient and valuable disease surveillance. Data derived from social media and internet search trends have been used successfully for monitoring and forecasting disease outbreaks such as Zika, Dengue, MERS, and Ebola viruses. More recently, data derived from social media have been used to monitor and model disease incidence during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We discuss the use of social media for disease surveillance.
Dyadic John–Nirenberg space
Authors: Kinnunen Juha , Myyryläinen Kim
Published: November 2021

We discuss the dyadic John–Nirenberg space that is a generalization of functions of bounded mean oscillation. A John–Nirenberg inequality, which gives a weak type estimate for the oscillation of a function, is discussed in the setting of medians instead of integral averages. We show that the dyadic maximal operator is bounded on the dyadic John–Nirenberg space and provide a method to construct nontrivial functions in the dyadic John–Nirenberg space. Moreover, we prove that the John–Nirenberg space is complete. Several open problems are also discussed.
Negative symptoms: associations with defeatist beliefs, self-efficacy, and maladaptive schemas in youth and young adults at-risk for psychosis
Authors: Devoe Daniel J. , Cadenhead K.S. , Cornblatt Barbara , Granholm Eric , Addington Jean
Published: November 2021

Background:

Investigations into possible mechanisms that may contribute to the development, maintenance, and exacerbation of negative symptoms are needed. Defeatist beliefs, self-efficacy, and early maladaptive schemas have been shown to contribute to negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Likewise, negative symptoms occur in those at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to determine if negative symptoms were associated with defeatist beliefs, self-efficacy, and early maladaptive schemas in CHR participants of a group therapy intervention study.

Method:

All CHR participants (n = 203; 99 males, 104 females) were recruited as part of a three-site randomized control trial: Recovery through Group Study (ReGroup). Negative symptoms, defeatist beliefs, self-efficacy and early maladaptive schemas were assessed by trained clinical raters. Mediation analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between defeatist beliefs, self-efficacy, functioning, and negative symptoms.

Results:

The majority of CHR youth (72.9%) had at least one negative symptom of moderate to above moderate severity at baseline. In multiple mediation analyses, both asocial beliefs and social self-efficacy mediated the effects of social functioning on negative symptoms. Finally, defeatist performance attitudes significantly mediated the effects of role functioning on negative symptoms.

Conclusions:

These results highlight the importance of considering beliefs and attitudes in relation to functioning and severity of negative symptoms. Psychosocial interventions may wish to target beliefs and attitudes in effort to reduce negative symptoms and improve functioning in CHR youth.
A legal obligation under international law to guarantee access to abortion services in contexts of armed conflict? An analysis of the case of Colombia
Authors: Laguna Trujillo Juliana
Published: November 2021

This article discusses the existence of an international obligation for the State of Colombia to guarantee access to abortion services for women and girls who are victims of conflict-related sexual violence in the context of the Colombian armed conflict. By examining international humanitarian law rules from an international human rights law lens, it sets out the interdependence between both frameworks from reproductive health and human rights perspectives. Furthermore, the article provides considerations on the recognition and redress of these violations in the transitional justice scenario in Colombia.
Divergent Causes of Terrestrial Water Storage Decline Between Drylands and Humid Regions Globally
Authors: An Linli , Wang Jida , Huang Jianping , Pokhrel Yadu , Hugonnet Romain , Wada Yoshihide , Cáceres Denise , Müller Schmied Hannes , Song Chunqiao , Berthier Etienne , Yu Haipeng , Zhang Guolong
Published: November 2021

Declines in terrestrial water storage (TWS) exacerbate regional water scarcity and global sea level rise. Increasing evidence has shown that recent TWS declines are substantial in ecologically fragile drylands, but the mechanism remains unclear. Here, by synergizing satellite observations and model simulations, we quantitatively attribute TWS trends during 2002–2016 in major climate zones to three mechanistic drivers: climate variability, climate change, and direct human activities. We reveal that climate variability had transitory and limited impacts (<20%), whereas warming‐induced glacier loss and direct human activities dominate the TWS loss in humid regions (∼103%) and drylands (∼64%), respectively. In non‐glacierized humid areas, climate variability generated regional water gains that offset synchronous TWS declines. Yet in drylands, TWS losses are enduring and more widespread with direct human activities, particularly unsustainable groundwater abstraction. Our findings highlight the substantive human footprints on the already vulnerable arid regions and an imperative need for improved dryland water conservation.
Influences of the Mid‐Latitude Westerly Trough on Stratospheric Gravity Waves Generated by Typhoon Lekima (2019)
Authors: Wang Xu , Zhang Lifeng , Wang Yuan , Zhang Yun
Published: November 2021

Characteristics of the gravity waves (GWs) in the lower stratosphere, produced by typhoon “Lekima” (2019) after its landfall, are studied using simulations with the high‐resolution WRF‐ARW4.2 model. In particular, the Characteristics and sources of the GWs are investigated. The results show that the GWs have a significant wavelength of 200–400 km and a significant period of 2.5–10 hr. The characteristics of stratospheric gravity wave induced by the typhoon after landing are affected by a westerly trough at mid‐latitude. The GWs are reconstructed by Fourier inversion transform in the significant spectral region in order to reveal the source of waves inducing the stratospheric GWs. The frequency of reconstruction gravity waves varies with time, and the meridional wavenumber varies with latitude. The GW intensity (GWI) has two peak values during the interested period from 10 to 11 August 2019. The first peak in GWI is the result of the in‐phase superposition of the GWs induced by the jet stream and the typhoon, when the two waves propagate almost in the same direction. The second intensity peak occurred when the trough moved away. The correlation between GWI and the typhoon and the trough are analyzed. It is found that the main factor affecting the changes of GWI is the northward movement of the trough. The location and strength of the typhoon and trough and their interaction are used to fit variations in GWI.
Accounting for Fine‐Scale Forest Structure is Necessary to Model Snowpack Mass and Energy Budgets in Montane Forests
Authors: Broxton Patrick D. , Moeser C. David , Harpold Adrian
Published: November 2021

Accurately modeling the effects of variable forest structure and change on snow distribution and persistence is critical to water resource management. The resolution of many snow models is too coarse to represent heterogeneous canopy structure in forests, and therefore, most models simplify forest effects on snowpack mass and energy budgets. To quantify the loss of snowpack prediction from simplifications of forest canopy‐mediated processes, we applied a high‐resolution energy balance snowpack model at two forested sites at a fine (1 m2) and coarse (100 m2) spatial resolution. Simulating open and forested areas separately, as is done in many land surface models (LSMs), leads to biases between the coarse and fine‐scale simulations because there is no representation of areas that are near (e.g., <15 m from) trees but with no overhead canopy, which are common in forests of low to medium tree density. Consistent with previous LSM intercomparisons, the coarser simulations predict greater under‐canopy radiation (by 30%–80% at our sites), faster snow ablation (by almost 2×), and earlier snow disappearance (by 1–22 days). Many of these biases are reduced dramatically or eliminated when canopy edge environments are considered in the coarser simulations. Furthermore, remaining disagreement between the 100‐m and 1‐m models can be partially explained by using a combination of tree height, canopy cover, and canopy edginess (which together can explain 46%–96% of remaining model biases). The lack of information about canopy edges and other fine‐scale forest structure characteristics in many current LSMs may limit their reliability for simulating forest disturbance.
A State‐of‐the‐Art Review of Optimal Reservoir Control for Managing Conflicting Demands in a Changing World
Authors: Giuliani M. , Lamontagne J. R. , Reed P. M. , Castelletti A.
Published: November 2021

The state of the art for optimal water reservoir operations is rapidly evolving, driven by emerging societal challenges. Changing values for balancing environmental resources, multisectoral human system pressures, and more frequent climate extremes are increasing the complexity of operational decision making. Today, reservoir operations benefit from technological advances, including improved monitoring and forecasting systems as well as increasing computational power. Past research in this area has largely focused on improving solution algorithms within the limits of the available computational power, using simplified problem formulations that can misrepresent important systemic complexities and intersectoral interactions. In this study, we review the recent literature focusing on how the operation design problem is formulated, rather than solved, to address existing challenges and take advantage of new opportunities. This paper contributes a comprehensive classification of over 300 studies published over the last years into distinctive categories depending on the adopted problem formulation, which clarifies consolidated methodological approaches and emerging trends. Our analysis also suggests that control policy design methods may benefit from broadening the types of information that is used to condition operational decisions, and from using emulation modeling to identify low‐order, computationally efficient surrogate models capturing realistic representations of river basin systems' complexity in order to isolate key decision‐relevant processes. These advances in reservoir operations hold significant promise for better addressing the challenges of conflicting human pressures and a changing world, which is particularly important, given the renewed interest in dam construction globally.
Impacts of Rossby Wave Packets and Atmospheric Rivers on Meteorological Drought in the Continental United States
Authors: Han Jeongwoo , Singh Vijay P.
Published: November 2021

Drought is among the costliest natural disasters and its spatiotemporal scales are larger than those of other water‐related disasters. However, our understanding of drought causative mechanisms is less than complete, inhibiting accurate drought forecasting and early warning. While sea surface temperature teleconnection governs the 10%–60% precipitation variability at intra‐seasonal to multiannual scales, some of the unexplained variability can be understood by internal atmospheric variability, represented by Rossby wave packets (RWPs), and implications of atmospheric rivers (ARs). The amplitude and phase speed of the recurrent RWPs (RRWPs) and the atmospheric river index developed in this study were used to analyze the impacts of RWPs and ARs on droughts detected by three‐dimensional drought clustering algorithms for the continental U.S. during 1951–2015. The occurrence of RRWPs raised the likelihood of the occurrence of more severe drought than did the non‐occurrence of RRWPs. The increase in the occurrence of RRWPs with low phase speed escalated drought severity, area, and duration. Furthermore, the drying ARs affected drought by increasing the severity and area of extreme droughts. We measured the level of contributions of RRWPs and ARs to extreme drought occurrences. The drying ARs contributed more to extreme droughts than did RRWPs. However, the co‐occurrence of ARs and RRWPs contributed more than did each individually. Our findings of the implications of RRWPs and ARs on drought characteristics offer the potential to improve our understanding of drought causative mechanisms that can enhance the proactive drought mitigation measures.
CHD5 inhibits metastasis of neuroblastoma
Authors: Laut Astrid K. , Dorneburg Carmen , Fürstberger Axel , Barth Thomas F. E. , Kestler Hans A. , Debatin Klaus-Michael , Beltinger Christian
Published: November 2021

CHD5, a tumor suppressor at 1p36, is frequently lost or silenced in poor prognosis neuroblastoma (NB) and many adult cancers. The role of CHD5 in metastasis is unknown. We confirm that low expression of CHD5 is associated with stage 4 NB. Forced expression of CHD5 in NB cell lines with 1p loss inhibited key aspects of the metastatic cascade in vitro: anchorage-independent growth, migration, and invasion. In vivo, formation of bone marrow and liver metastases developing from intravenously injected NB cells was delayed and decreased by forced CHD5 expression. Genome-wide mRNA sequencing revealed reduction of genes and gene sets associated with metastasis when CHD5 was overexpressed. Known metastasis-suppressing genes preferentially upregulated in CHD5-overexpressing NB cells included PLCL1. In patient NB, low expression of PLCL1was associated with metastatic disease and poor survival. Knockdown of PLCL1 and of p53 in IMR5 NB cells overexpressing CHD5 reversed CHD5-induced inhibition of invasion and migration in vitro. In summary, CHD5 is a metastasis suppressor in NB.
A quantitative approach for trap analysis between Al0.25Ga0.75N and GaN in high electron mobility transistors
Authors: Amir Walid , Shin Ju-Won , Shin Ki-Yong , Kim Jae-Moo , Cho Chu-Young , Park Kyung-Ho , Hoshi Takuya , Tsutsumi Takuya , Sugiyama Hiroki , Matsuzaki Hideaki , Kim Tae-Woo
Published: November 2021

The characteristics of traps between the Al0.25Ga0.75N barrier and the GaN channel layer in a high-electron-mobility-transistors (HEMTs) were investigated. The interface traps at the Al0.25Ga0.75N/GaN interface as well as the border traps were experimentally analyzed because the Al0.25Ga0.75N barrier layer functions as a dielectric owing to its high dielectric constant. The interface trap density Dit and border trap density Nbt were extracted from a long-channel field-effect transistor (FET), conventionally known as a FATFET structure, via frequency-dependent capacitance–voltage (C–V) and conductance–voltage (G–V) measurements. The minimum Dit value extracted by the conventional conductance method was 2.5 × 1012 cm−2·eV−1, which agreed well with the actual transistor subthreshold swing of around 142 mV·dec−1. The border trap density Nbt was also extracted from the frequency-dependent C–V characteristics using the distributed circuit model, and the extracted value was 1.5 × 1019 cm−3·eV−1. Low-frequency (1/f) noise measurement provided a clearer picture of the trapping–detrapping phenomena in the Al0.25Ga0.75N layer. The value of the border trap density extracted using the carrier-number-fluctuation (CNF) model was 1.3 × 1019 cm−3·eV−1, which is of a similar level to the extracted value from the distributed circuit model.
Alterations in meibomian glands in patients treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy for head and neck cancer
Authors: Chen Xiangjun , Badian Reza A. , Hynne Håvard , Amdal Cecilie Delphin , Herlofson Bente Brokstad , Utheim Øygunn Aass , Westgaard Kristine Løken , Fineide Fredrik , Jensen Janicke Liaaen , Utheim Tor Paaske
Published: November 2021

Patients undergoing intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for head and neck cancer may have increased incidence of dry eye disease and the exact mechanism is unclear. The present study aims to assess tear film and meibomian gland (MG) features in patients who received IMRT for head and neck cancer not involving the orbital area. Twenty-seven patients (64.7 ± 9.8 years) and 30 age-matched controls (61.4 ± 11.0 years) underwent a comprehensive dry eye work-up. Compared to the control group, the patients had more lid margin abnormalities, and worse meibum quality. The MG loss, calculated as (tarsal area-MG area)/tarsal area, was higher in the patient group in both the upper (53.0 ± 12.0% vs. 35.1 ± 10.3%, p < 0.001) and lower lids (69.5 ± 12.6% vs. 48.5 ± 12.5%, p < 0.001). In the patient group, more MG loss in the lower lids correlated with worse meibum quality (r = 0.445, p = 0.029). In contrast, there was no significant difference in aqueous tear production level, measured with Schirmer test. Patients treated with IMRT for head and neck cancer seemed to have comparable lacrimal gland function to the controls despite more dry eye symptoms. However, the patients had MG functional and morphological changes, which may present a higher risk for developing dry eye disease.
An in vivo bioelectronic nose for possible quantitative evaluation of odor masking using M/T cell spatial response patterns
Authors: Yuan Qunchen , Qin Chunlian , Duan Yan , Jiang Nan , Liu Mengxue , Wan Hao , Zhuang Liujing , Wang Ping
Published: November 2021

An in vivo bioelectronic nose was constructed for the detection and assessment of the interaction of odorants, and the masking efficiency of masking agents was evaluated through the quantitative analysis of the spatial response patterns of mitral/tufted cells.
Detecting Mycobacterium Tuberculosis using a nitrofuranyl calanolide–trehalose probe based on nitroreductase Rv2466c
Authors: Li Xueyuan , Geng Pengfei , Hong Xiaoqiao , Sun Zhaogang , Liu Gang
Published: November 2021

NFC-Tre labels single cells of mycobacteria under various stress conditions, including nonreplicating BCG, intracellular BCG and Mtb within sputum samples from patients.
Enantioselective recognition of chiral acids by supramolecular interactions with chiral AIEgens
Authors: Xiang Song , Lv Panpan , Guo Changsheng , Qi Chunxuan , Yang Jun-Cheng , Tian Jingjing , Yang De-Suo , Feng Hai-Tao , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: November 2021

Chiral AIEgens enantioselectively discriminated a series of chiral acidic compounds and amino acids by supramolecular assembly.
An [FeIII30] molecular metal oxide
Authors: Dearle Alice E. , Cutler Daniel J. , Coletta Marco , Lee Edward , Dey Sourav , Sanz Sergio , Fraser Hector W. L. , Nichol Gary S. , Rajaraman Gopalan , Schnack Jürgen , Cronin Leroy , Brechin Euan K.
Published: November 2021

Dissolution of FeBr3 in a mixture of acetonitrile and 3,4-lutidine in the presence of an amine results in the formation of an [Fe30] molecular metal oxide containing alternating layers of tetrahedral and octahedral FeIII ions.
Dual fluorescence of 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl) benzoxazole derivatives via the branched decays from the upper excited-state
Authors: Tang Zhe , Han Haiyun , Ding Junxia , Zhou Panwang
Published: November 2021

A new mechanism involving branched decays from the upper excited-state has been proposed to explain the experimentally observed dual fluorescence of one 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl) benzoxazole derivative.
An overview from simple host–guest systems to progressively complex supramolecular assemblies
Authors: Sayed Mhejabeen , Pal Haridas
Published: November 2021

This perspective article presents an overall summary from simple host–guest complexation to advanced supramolecular assemblies.
Uptake and hydration of sulfur dioxide on dry and wet hydroxylated silica surfaces: a computational study
Authors: Gladich Ivan , Lin Chen , Sinopoli Alessandro , Francisco Joseph S.
Published: November 2021

SO2uptake and rapid hydration to bisulfite on dry and wet hydroxylated silica-based dust aerosols may prevent direct SO2photochemistry, and be an additional source of sulfate in the atmosphere of desert and industrialized areas.
A recurrent neural network model for biomass gasification chemistry
Authors: Sharma Krishna Gopal , Kaisare Niket S. , Goyal Himanshu
Published: November 2021

A recurrent neural network model is built to predict the temporal evolution of chemical species during biomass gasification.
Correction: The examination of graphene oxide for rechargeable lithium storage as a novel cathode material
Authors: Wang Da-Wei , Sun Chenghua , Zhou Guangmin , Li Feng , Wen Lei , Donose Bogdan C. , Lu Gao Qing (Max) , Cheng Hui-Ming , Gentle Ian R.
Published: November 2021

Correction for ‘The examination of graphene oxide for rechargeable lithium storage as a novel cathode material’ by Da-Wei Wang et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2013, 1, 3607–3612, DOI: 10.1039/C3TA01658G.
An asymmetric A–DA′D–π-A type non-fullerene acceptor for high-performance organic solar cells
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Li Dawei , Zhang Huarui , Ma Xueqin , Chen Ya-Nan , Zhang Andong , Xu Xiaoyun , Liu Yahui , Ma Zaifei , Bo Zhishan
Published: November 2021

Utilizing the symmetry-breaking and π-bridge-extending strategy, three non-fullerene acceptors with DA′D core unit and electron-withdrawing unit are designed and synthesized via changing the alkoxy-substituted thiophene bridge unit.
Public Health Frameworks in Audiology Education: Rationale and Model for Implementation
Authors: Warren Sarah E. , Levy Marian
Published: November 2021

Purpose:

Hearing health care is a public health priority at the national and global levels, yet training in clinical audiology programs lacks formal public health education. The purpose of this review article is to discuss audiology concepts in terms of the public health framework of assessment, policy, and assurance and describe two approaches for implementing public health frameworks into audiology doctoral programs.

Method:

This review article provides a review of audiology concepts through the framework of public health and discusses the rationale for why public health concepts are critical to achieving population-level objectives in hearing health care. We compare competencies of audiology and public health education and then provide a model for two methods for implementing public health education into audiology doctoral programs: (a) formal integration of public health concepts into existing coursework or curricula and (b) a dual doctor of audiology (AuD) and master's in public health (MPH) degree track.

Conclusions:

Public health is present in the field of audiology, and the field has many public health objectives; however, audiologists do not receive the training necessary to recognize public health concepts or meet population-level objectives. Educating future audiologists in public health concepts will provide them with the tools needed to work with other hearing professionals to make population-level advances in hearing health care. A subset of students may want to become experts in public health and wish to pursue a dual AuD/MPH track.
Engineering geological characteristics based on rock mass rating (RMR) and geological strength index (GSI) in Tunnel Number 1 of the Sigli-Aceh toll road
Authors: Satria Jabnes , Indrawan I Gde Budi , Setiawan Nugroho Imam
Published: November 2021

This paper presents engineering geological investigation results in the form of rock mass characteristics for tunnel number 1 of the Sigli-Aceh toll road. The investigation was carried out through geological mapping, core drill evaluation, and laboratory tests. In this research, the rock mass rating (RMR) and Geological Strength Index (GSI) were applied for the rock mass classifications. The measurement of rock mass quality is then used to determine the excavation method and tunnel support system on the SigliAceh toll road. The results showed that the research location consisted of calcareous sandstone with poor to good-quality (GSI (21.7 - 85.5), RMR (32.0 - 67.6)), and sandstone with good quality (GSI (86.3 - 86.9), RMR (64.0 - 65.0)). The poor quality rock masses were mainly caused by weathering effect. In addition, this research also analyzes the relationship between RMR and GSI based on the type and quality of rocks in the research location so that this correlation can be used in other areas with similar rock type and quality to this research location.
Study of meteorological drought and its impact on rainfed paddy productivity in Gunungkidul Regency
Authors: Putra Qooi Insanu , Nurjani Emilya
Published: November 2021

Gunungkidul Regency is known as an area that often experiences drought. On the other hand, Gunungkidul Regency is also the regency with the highest amount of rice production in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province. Rainfed paddy farming is the most widely developed type of paddy in Gunungkidul Regency where irrigation needs are determined by rainfall. Decreased rainfall that triggers meteorological drought can disrupt rainfed-based agriculture. This study aims to analyze the distribution of meteorological drought and analyze the impact of meteorological drought on rainfed paddy productivity in Gunungkidul Regency during the period 2001 – 2019. Meteorological drought identification was carried out using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). Results of the SPI classification was mapped using Spline-Tension interpolation for spatial analysis of the distribution of meteorological drought. Spatial analysis and comparison graphs were used to analyze the relationship between drought and rainfed paddy productivity. The widest meteorological drought in Gunungkidul Regency occurred in November 2006. The highest frequency of drought events occurred in Paliyan Sub-district for 50 months while the lowest occurred in Ponjong Sub-district for 30 months. Most sub-districts in Gunungkidul Regency have a positive relationship between meteorological drought. Most of rainfed paddy productivity decreased when El Nino occurred.
Geological mapping and stand-up time estimation based on core drill evaluation using RMR89 on Tunnel 3 Sigli Banda Aceh Toll Road
Authors: Latif Hanif Khoirul , Husein Salahuddin , Indrawan I Gde Budi
Published: November 2021

Tunnel 3 of the Sigli Banda Aceh Toll Road has been designed based on several site investigations. The site investigations have not included surface geological investigations. Subsurface geological investigations have been carried out but with less detailed drill core evaluation. This will cause less accuracy on the assessed tunnel stand-up time. This research aims to evaluate the engineering geological conditions at the tunnel construction site by conducting geological mapping with 1:5,000 scale and re-evaluating drill core using RMR89method more thoroughly so that it can produce more accurate assessment of the tunnel stand-up time. The geological mapping result shows that the research area has three rock units, namely lapili, tuffaceous sandstones, and interbedded sandstone-siltstones, with moderate to fresh weathering degree. The drill core evaluation shows that research area has poor to good rock mass classes (34 – 67). The drill core evaluation results also indicate possible geological structures that may influence subsurface rock mass strength. The tunnel stand-up time obtained from the lowest RMR89value for each drill core shows a value of 5 - 90 hours, implying immediate application of support system after tunnel excavation.
NPP: Protecting the environment
Authors: Santosa Haryono , Hadi Muhammad , Imardjoko Yudi
Published: November 2021

Nuclear energy is a good option for the environment, but the potential for NPP to harm the environment is still evident. Safety is used by NPP to protect its environment. Low environmental risk was demonstrated, but the last two accidents resulted in disaster. Environmental protection parties need to participate in reducing environmental hazards of NPP by knowing why NPP is harmful and how to compensate. The perspective of protecting the environment is needed. An exploratory study of NPP’s environmental protection was conducted to obtain answers. Publications from institutions engaged in NPP and expert opinions are sources of information. The results obtained indicate that there is optimism on the success of confining fission products, but very little control has been done on the quantity. No environmental protection is carried out when accidents occur, so environmental goods and services are sacrificed. Human protection is the focus. References to environmental radiological protection are still limited to animal and plant species and have not touched environmental goods and services. This allows for an imbalance between the potential radiological load of the NPP and the environmental capacity. It is necessary to develop the idea that NPP is not significantly dangerous in an accident.
Cleat properties of the Tanjung Agung coalfield, South Sumatra Basin: implications to fluid flow
Authors: Addiansyah Muhammad , Amijaya Donatus Hendra , Anggara Ferian
Published: November 2021

Observation of the coal cleats of the Muara Enim Formation in Tanjung Agung coalfield aims to characterize the cleat properties and interpret their implications for fluid flow. This study used the scanline method to measure cleat attributes in the form of orientation, aperture, spacing, filler, and cleat connectivity. The face cleat was dominated by NE-SW direction as an indication of the effect of paleostress, while butt cleat with NW-SE direction indicated the effect of stress release. The presence of one major fault and three minor faults trending NW-SE in the mine pit is interpreted as the main controlling factor for cleat development in the study area. These cleats have an aperture ranging from 0.4 - 2.3 mm, good connectivity, and are not filled, so they are considered to be analogous to fluid flow paths with transition and turbulent flow types with relatively NE-SW direction.
Spatial distribution and correlation of dating and premarital sexual experience among male adolescents in Java Islands, Indonesia
Authors: Aryati Seri , Rafif Muhammad , Hilmi Zaima
Published: November 2021

The high percentage of male adolescents who had premarital sex and dating in Indonesia on the Java Islands makes it a serious problem. This is exacerbated by the results of research which show that the experience of dating from an early age can increase the likelihood of adolescents engaging in sexual intercourse. This study aims to analyze the correlation between dating experiences and premarital sex as measured by age at first initiation, as well as to determine the spatial distribution of prevalence and correlation. This research is a quantitative statistical study using the Spearman Rank correlation test and also using a map to describe the spatial distribution. The results showed that there are 84 percent of male adolescents in Java who started dating at the age of less than 19 years, also doing sexual intercourse in that age range. This shows male adolescents have experienced a process of greater sexual maturity, so that they have a higher urge to engage in sexual behavior. This condition is in line with the results of the correlation test, where there are 4 provinces in Java which have a positive and significant correlation between the two variables, including Banten, Jakarta, Central Java and West Java. It means the younger the age at first dating adolescents, the younger they will have premarital sex.