bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Effects of Typical Rowing Strength Training Practices on Strength and Power Development and 2,000 m Rowing Performance
Authors: Ian Gee Thomas , Caplan Nicholas , Christian Gibbon Karl , Howatson Glyn , Grant Thompson Kevin
Published: April 2016

This study aimed to determine the effects of a short-term, strength training intervention, typically undertaken by club-standard rowers, on 2,000 m rowing performance and strength and power development. Twenty-eight male rowers were randomly assigned to intervention or control groups. All participants performed baseline testing involving assessments of muscle soreness, creatine kinase activity (CK), maximal voluntary contraction (leg-extensors) (MVC), static-squat jumps (SSJ), counter-movement jumps (CMJ), maximal rowing power strokes (PS) and a 2,000 m rowing ergometer time-trial (2,000 m) with accompanying respiratory-exchange and electromyography (EMG) analysis. Intervention group participants subsequently performed three identical strength training (ST) sessions, in the space of five days, repeating all assessments 24 h following the final ST. The control group completed the same testing procedure but with no ST. Following ST, the intervention group experienced significant elevations in soreness and CK activity, and decrements in MVC, SSJ, CMJ and PS (p < 0.01). However, 2,000 m rowing performance, pacing strategy and gas exchange were unchanged across trials in either condition. Following ST, significant increases occurred for EMG (p < 0.05), and there were non-significant trends for decreased blood lactate and anaerobic energy liberation (p = 0.063 – 0.086). In summary, club-standard rowers, following an intensive period of strength training, maintained their 2,000 m rowing performance despite suffering symptoms of muscle damage and disruption to muscle function. This disruption likely reflected the presence of acute residual fatigue, potentially in type II muscle fibres as strength and power development were affected.
Indirect Methods of Assessing Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Rowers: Practical Implications for Evaluating Physical Fitness in a Training Cycle
Authors: Klusiewicz Andrzej , Borkowski Lech , Sitkowski Dariusz , Burkhard-Jagodzińska Krystyna , Szczepańska Beata , Ładyga Maria
Published: April 2016

The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of indirect methods of assessment of VO2max for estimation of physical capacity of trained male and female rowers during a training cycle. A group of 8 female and 14 male rowers performed the maximal intensity test simulating the regatta distance (a 2 km test) and a submaximal incremental exercise test on a rowing ergometer. The suitability of the indirect methods of predicting VO2max during the training cycle was evaluated by performing the tests twice: in females at an interval of five months and in males at an interval of seven months. To indirectly estimate VO2max, regression formulas obtained for the linear relationship between the examined effort indices were utilized based on 1) mean power obtained in the 2 km test, and 2) submaximal exercises after the estimation of PWC170. Although the suitability of the two indirect methods of assessment of VO2max was statisticaly confirmed, their usefulness for estimation of changes in physical fitness of trained rowers during the training cycle was rather low. Such an opinion stems from the fact that the total error of these methods (range between 4.2-7.7% in female and 5.1-7.4% in male rowers) was higher than the real differences in VO2max values determined in direct measurements (between the first and the second examination maximal oxygen uptake rose by 3.0% in female rowers and decreased by 4.3% in male rowers).
The Impact of a Good Season Start on Team Performance in Elite Handball
Authors: Lago-Peñas Carlos , Fernández-Villarino María A. , González-García Iván , Sánchez-Fernández Patricio , Sampaio Jaime
Published: April 2016

The aim of the current study was (i) to identify how important was a good season start in relation to elite handball teams’ performance, and (ii) to examine if this impact was related to the clubs’ financial budget. The match performances and annual budgets of all teams were collected from the Spanish Professional Handball League during ten seasons. The dependent variable was the difference between the ranking of each team in accordance to the annual budget and the ranking of each team at the end of the season. A k-means cluster analysis classified the clubs according to their budget as High Range Budget Clubs (HRBC), Upper-Mid Range Budget Clubs (UMRBC), Lower-Mid Range Budget Clubs (LMRBC) and Low Range Budget Clubs (LRBC). Data were examined through linear regression models. Overall, the results suggested that the better the team performance at the beginning of the season, the better the ranking at the end of the season. Each position in the ranking above expected in accordance to the budget of the teams in Rounds 3, 4 or 5 improved by 0.47, 0.50 or 0.49, respectively, in the ranking at the end of the season (p<0.05). However, the impact of the effect depended on the clubs’ annual budget. For UMRBC, LMRBC and LRBC a good start to the season had a positive effect on the final outcome (p<0.05). Nevertheless, for HRBC, a good or a bad start of the season did not explain their final position. These variables can be used to develop accurate models to estimate final rankings. UMRBC, LMRBC and LRBC can benefit from fine-tuning preseason planning in order to accelerate the acquisition of optimal performances.
Muscle Strength and Speed Performance in Youth Soccer Players
Authors: Peñailillo Luis , Espíldora Francisco , Jannas-Vela Sebastián , Mujika Iñigo , Zbinden-Foncea Hermann
Published: April 2016

This study aimed to examine the relationship between maximum leg extension strength and sprinting performance in youth elite male soccer players. Sixty-three youth players (12.5 ± 1.3 years) performed 5 m, flying 15 m and 20 m sprint tests and a zigzag agility test on a grass field using timing gates. Two days later, subjects performed a one-repetition maximum leg extension test (79.3 ± 26.9 kg). Weak to strong correlations were found between leg extension strength and the time to perform 5 m (r = -0.39, p = 0.001), flying 15 m (r = -0.72, p < 0.001) and 20 m (r = -0.67, p < 0.001) sprints; between body mass and 5 m (r = -0.43, p < 0.001), flying 15 m (r = -0.75, p < 0.001), 20 m (r = -0.65, p < 0.001) sprints and agility (r =-0.29, p < 0.001); and between height and 5 m (r = -0.33, p < 0.01) and flying 15 m (r = -0.74, p < 0.001) sprints. Our results show that leg muscle strength and anthropometric variables strongly correlate with sprinting ability. This suggests that anthropometric characteristics should be considered to compare among youth players, and that youth players should undergo strength training to improve running speed.
A Systematic Review of Psychological Studies Applied to Futsal
Authors: Yeemin Wichai , Dias Cláudia Salomé , Fonseca António Manuel
Published: April 2016

This study presents a systematic review of psychological studies applied to futsal. A total of 23 studies were analyzed within five sections: a year overview and the name of journals, research designs, data collection, sample characteristics, and a focus category. This study found that the first psychological articles that were applied to futsal were published in 2008, and the number of publications gradually increased since then. The majority of examined studies were cross-sectional designs and conducted at the elite level in European and Asian countries. Most studies did not use mixed methods and did not specify the age of the subjects. Psychological research applied to futsal focused on athletes, non-athletes and several psychological factors. Critical and innovative reflections were made to highlight research gaps and present suggestions for further research.
Size corrected Significance Tests in Seemingly Unrelated Regressions with Autocorrelated Errors
Authors: Symeonides Spyridon D. , Karavias Yiannis , Tzavalis Elias
Published: April 2016

Refined asymptotic methods are used to produce degrees-of-freedom- adjusted Edgeworth and Cornish-Fisher size corrections of the t and F testing procedures for the parameters of a S.U.R. model with serially correlated errors. The corrected tests follow the Student-t and F distributions, respectively, with an approximation error of order

O

τ
3

$$O\left({{\tau ^3}} \right)$$

, where

τ
=
1

/

T

$$\tau = 1/\sqrt T $$

and T is the number of time observations. Monte Carlo simulations provide evidence that the size corrections suggested hereby have better finite sample properties, compared to the asymptotic testing procedures (either standard or Edgeworth corrected), which do not adjust for the degrees of freedom.
Spanish participios activos are adjectival antipassives
Authors: Armstrong Grant
Published: April 2016

In many languages a set of adjectives are characterized by their “past/passive” participial morphology. Lexicalist and syntactic approaches to word formation converge on the claim that such adjectives can be derived from verbal inputs with no external argument but never from verbal inputs with an external argument. That is, there are “adjectival passives” but no “adjectival antipassives” marked with the same morphology. I argue that a sub-class of adjectives marked with the “past/passive” participial morpheme –do in Spanish, labeled participios activos in descriptive grammars, should be treated as adjectival antipassives in precisely this sense. I propose that Spanish has an Asp head that (i) is spelled out with “past/passive” participial morphology and (ii) selects an unergative verbal input creating a state/property whose argument corresponds to the external argument of that verbal source. If on the right track, the proposal supports the existence of a typology of adjectivizing heads that are spelled out uniformly with “past/passive” participial morphology but must be distinguished in terms of selectional and semantic properties (Bruening 2014, Word formation is syntactic: Adjectival passives in English. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 32. 363–422; Embick 2004, On the structure of resultative participles in English. Linguistic Inquiry 35. 355–392). It differs from previous approaches in claiming that such a typology must include root-derived adjectives, as well as ‘active (=unergative)’ and ‘passive’ deverbal adjectives.
Liberale Flügelkämpfe
Authors: Eder Jacob S.
Published: April 2016

Vorspann

Jung, weiblich, elegant, gebildet und eine entschiedene Streiterin für die Liberalisierung Nachkriegsdeutschlands: Hildegard Hamm-Brücher erregte schon früh in ihrer Karriere als FDP-Politikerin Aufsehen. Doch die Partei war vielfach durchsetzt mit Deutschnationalen oder gar wenig geläuterten Nationalsozialisten. Entsprechende Kräfte im bayerischen Landesverband versuchten 1962 im Vorfeld der bayerischen Landtagswahlen, der politischen Laufbahn von Hamm-Brücher ein Ende zu setzen. Wie und warum dieser Versuch letztlich scheiterte und die Politikerin als Symbolfigur für einen zukunftsorientierten Liberalismus aus dem Streit hervorging, analysiert Jacob Eder in seinem Beitrag.
Reproducción del camarón carabalí Trachypenaeus byrdi (Burkenroad, 1934) en la parte interna del Golfo de Nicoya, Costa Rica
Authors: Hernández Noguera Luis , Soto Rojas Rosa , Canales Ramírez Cristian
Published: April 2016

El grupo de camarón blanco (Litopenaeus sp.) es uno de los recursos de mayor importancia socioeconómica en el Golfo de Nicoya. Sin embargo, en los últimos años, el camarón carabalí (Trachypenaeus byrdi) ha experimentado una alta presión pesquera, debido a su valor en el mercado local. Por ende, en este estudio, se analizaron las muestras recolectadas del camarón carabalí (T. byrdi) en la zona interna de este Golfo durante 15 meses, entre los años 2008 y 2009, para conocer algunos de los aspectos biológicos y la dinámica poblacional de este recurso. Se comprobó que T. byrdi se distribuye en los fondos lodosos de la parte interna de este Golfo, cercana a la zona costera, y en profundidades no mayores de 15 metros. Los parámetros poblacionales muestran que la talla media de madurez para las hembras es de 87 mm de LT. Se determinaron dos periodos máximos de reproducción en los meses de marzo-abril y en los meses de julio-setiembre. Los parámetros de crecimiento estimados para las hembras fueron: Loo= 112.6 mm, K= 1.29 año-1, to= -0.084 y Woo= 18.68 g; mientras que para los machos fueron: Loo= 88.2 mm, K= 1.26 año-1 y to= -0.094.
Fidelidad al sitio y rango de hogar del caballito de mar narizón Hippocampus reidi (Teleostei: Syngnathidae) en la dársena de Varadero, noroeste de Cuba
Authors: De la Nuez Hernández Daril , Pastor Gutiérrez Lourdes , Pérez Angulo Alejandro , Piloto Cubero Yuliet , Corrada Wong Raúl Igor
Published: April 2016

En las últimas décadas se ha constatado un importante declive mundial en las poblaciones de peces de la familia Syngnathidae, entre las que se encuentran los carismáticos caballitos de mar. Hasta el momento en Cuba han sido escasas las investigaciones realizadas a las poblaciones de estos peces en su medio natural. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la fidelidad al sitio y el rango de hogar del caballito de mar narizón (Hippocampus reidi Ginsburg, 1933), especie pobremente estudiada y clasificada en la categoría de Datos Deficientes (DD) por la UICN. Los muestreos se realizaron entre abril de 2009 y agosto de 2010 en dos estaciones localizadas en la dársena de Varadero, que es un canal artificial localizado al noroeste de Cuba. Se llevaron a cabo censos visuales en 17 transectos (20 x 1 m) en cada estación. Un total de 68 individuos fueron identificados y marcados con elastómeros fluorescentes. H. reidi mostró fidelidad al sitio, recapturándose el 48.5% de los ejemplares marcados muy cerca o en el mismo transecto donde fueron localizados y censados por primera vez. El rango de hogar fue de 70.6 ± 60.1 m (media ± desviación estándar) y no se encontraron diferencias significativas en esta variable entre ambas estaciones o entre las hembras y los machos. Estos resultados incrementan el conocimiento actual que se tiene acerca de esta especie de caballito de mar y demuestran la vulnerabilidad de sus poblaciones a las posibles perturbaciones de su restringido hábitat.
Floraciones algales nocivas durante el periodo 2008-2010 en el Golfo de Nicoya, Costa Rica
Authors: Calvo Vargas Emilia , Berrocal Artavia Karen , Boza Abarca Jorge
Published: April 2016

En este estudio se analizaron los eventos de floraciones algales nocivas (FAN) en cuatro estaciones de muestreo fijas en el Golfo de Nicoya durante el periodo de enero de 2008 a diciembre de 2010. Se recolectaron muestras de agua a 1 y 5 m de profundidad durante cada evento de FAN. Además, se midieron in situ los parámetros fisicoquímicos: profundidad del disco de Secchi, temperatura, salinidad, oxígeno disuelto y el porcentaje de saturación de oxígeno del agua. Los datos de radiación solar y precipitación fueron suministrados por el Instituto Meteorológico Nacional de Costa Rica. Se determinaron las concentraciones de las microalgas responsables y las especies asociadas. Se registraron 11 eventos, de los cuales el 72.7% se presentaron en la época lluviosa y un 27.3% en la época seca, la mayoría de éstos, durante el fenómeno atmosférico de La Niña. Las especies responsables fueron los dinoflagelados Alexandrium monilatum, Levanderina fissa, Cochlodinium polykrikoides y Prorocentrum minimum, la diatomea Skeletonema costatum y la cianobacteria Trichodesmium erythraeum. Las especies asociadas que se registraron con mayor frecuencia fueron los dinoflagelados Dinophysis caudata, Prorocentrum micans, Tripos fusus, Tripos furca y Protoperidinium conicum. Las FAN en el Golfo de Nicoya fueron más frecuentes durante la época lluviosa, probablemente debido a los aportes fluviales al sistema estuarino de los ríos Tempisque, Barranca y Grande de Tárcoles. Esa estacionalidad, en conjunto con las alteraciones provocadas por eventos atmosféricos globales como La Niña y El Niño, determinó la formación de FAN en el golfo durante el periodo de estudio.
Género y antiimperialismo en Ancho Mar de los Sargazos de Jean Rhys
Authors: Chacón-Castellanos Aida
Published: April 2016

Concuerdo con Maricruz Castro (2009), quien señala que género es un concepto mediante el cual quedan manifiestas las construcciones culturales alrededor de la mujer y de lo femenino, así como también del hombre y lo masculino. Considero que la autora Jean Rhys puede brindar una visión de primera mano sobre el tema no solamente de lo femenino sino también del prejuicio racial y el discurso imperialista a partir del cual se construye la identidad del otro. Fundo mi acercamiento en Wide Sargasso Sea,  Ancho mar de los Sargazos, de Rhys. La construcción de la figura femenina, ligada a la locura y el prejuicio racial, desde el punto de vista imperialista, son elementos que la autora trata de desvincular desde su muy particular narrativa.
Las danzas del huracán: visión enamorada de La Habana y Veracruz en los años treinta
Authors: Vasquez-Pérez Marlene
Published: April 2016

Reseña. Véjar Pérez-Rubio, Carlos. (2013). Las danzas del huracán.  Veracruz y La Habana en los años treinta.  México: CONACULTA/UNAM
Derechos sociales y políticas sociales: en busca de la estabilidad y el equilibrio en América Latina
Authors: Montero-Cordero Fernando
Published: April 2016

Más allá de lo que pensamos y conocemos del Estado y sus funciones, las políticas sociales han sido pilar fundamental para el combate contra la pobreza y la desigualdad, en mayor o menor medida, según las condiciones que presenten las economías.  Los derechos sociales otorgados a través del Estado de derecho, han permitido que países en  desarrollo transformen su estructura socioeconómica en igualdad y bienestar común.  La ocupación, la gerencia social, la estabilidad macroeconómica y la heterogeneidad estructural son factores comunes en el análisis y aplicación de las acciones propias del Estado.  La combinación en el análisis de dichos factores nos da como resultado una gama de posibilidades de propuestas entorno al desarrollo y mejoramiento de la calidad de vida.
Antiimperialismo latinoamericanista en la generación del Bicentenario
Authors: Mora-Ramírez Andrés
Published: April 2016

En este artículo sostengo la tesis de que uno de los componentes centrales del llamado cambio de época en América Latina, en el siglo XXI, corresponde a una vertiente antiimperialista que se expresa con claridad en dos dimensiones: el acento bolivariano-martiano y antiimperialista del discurso político de los exponentes de la generación del Bicentenario;  y segundo, su concreción en la nueva arquitectura de la integración regional, de signo posneoliberal. Se argumenta que el proceso revolucionario, antiimperialista y nacional-popular latinoamericano del siglo XXI, fortaleció la autonomía de la región y su posición en el sistema internacional, desligando su política exterior del sometimiento tradicional a los Estados Unidos.
Las ideas antiimperialistas en El Atlántico de La Ceiba, Honduras.
Authors: Payne-Iglesias Elyzeth
Published: April 2016

A partir del análisis del periódico El Atlántico, de la Ceiba, Honduras, propongo que la idea de nación en la costa norte de Honduras fue un fenómeno tardío y lento en relación con la difusión de las ideas y los valores identitarios de la nación hondureña que se construyeron en los núcleos de poder del interior del país, particularmente en Tegucigalpa, y en las regiones bajo su dominio tradicional.
El antiimperialismo en el arte yla literatura latinoamericanas Integrar para desintegrar: el macrocosmos mapuche
Authors: Burgos-Videla Sergio
Published: April 2016

Propongo una interpretación crítica de algunos prolegómenos académicos usados en la primera década del siglo XXI en Chile que justifica la extracción y el uso de materiales sonoros que constituyen el devenir excéntrico del Pueblo mapuche. Esta apropiación de materiales sonoros y la fusión con elementos, procedimientos y estéticas que provienen del Occidente invasor, plantean una violenta transculturación y un evidente mestizaje en la creación de la llamada Música indigenista.  Se alude al pueblo mapuche excéntrico pero subyugado por una historia que es anterior a la configuración de Chile como Nación-Estado, producto de la invasión y colonización occidental. Dicha configuración comienza a producir y reproducir estrategias de carácter hegemónico que silencian, desintegran y ocultan la historia donde me pretendo situar para contemplar cómo es la creación de músicas circunscritas a la academia en Chile, por muchos llamadas "indigenistas",  se observa el devenir occidental que niega el derecho a la autodeterminación, no solo del pueblo mapuche, sino a la de los pueblos originarios de América, creando imaginarios sociales constituyentes de una cultura que dentro de sus estrategias colonizadoras e invasoras, aplica la de integrar para desintegrar
Improving Care for Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Authors: Patrick Stephen W. , Schumacher Robert E. , Horbar Jeffrey D. , Buus-Frank Madge E. , Edwards Erika M. , Morrow Kate A. , Ferrelli Karla R. , Picarillo Alan P. , Gupta Munish , Soll Roger F.
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Care for neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), a postnatal drug withdrawal syndrome, remains variable. We designed and implemented a multicenter quality improvement collaborative for infants with NAS. Our objective was to determine if the collaborative was effective in standardizing hospital policies and improving patient outcomes.

METHODS:

From 2012 to 2014, data were collected through serial cross-sectional audits of participating centers. Hospitals assessed institutional policies and patient-level data for infants with NAS requiring pharmacotherapy, including length of pharmacologic treatment and length of hospital stay (LOS). Models were fit, clustered according to hospital, to evaluate changes in patient outcomes over time.

RESULTS:

Among 199 participating centers, the mean number of NAS-focused guidelines increased from 3.7 to 5.1 of a possible 6 (P < .001), with improvements noted in all measured domains. Among infants cared for at participating centers, decreases occurred in median (interquartile range) length of pharmacologic treatment, from 16 days (10 to 27 days) to 15 days (10 to 24 days; P = .02), and LOS from 21 days (14 to 33 days) to 19 days (15 to 28 days; P = .002). In addition, there was a statistically significant decrease in the proportion of infants discharged on medication for NAS, from 39.7% to 26.5% (P = .02). After adjusting for potential confounders, standardized NAS scoring process was associated with shorter LOS (–3.3 days,95% confidence interval, –4.9 to –1.4).

CONCLUSIONS:

Involvement in a multicenter, multistate quality improvement collaborative focused on infants requiring pharmacologic treatment for NAS was associated with increases in standardizing hospital patient care policies and decreases in health care utilization.
Extracción manual de garrapatas Riphicephalus (Boophilus) microplus en ganado bovino como estrategia de control
Authors: WingChing Jones Rodolfo
Published: April 2016

Se determinó el impacto de la extracción manual de garrapatas sobre la población de individuos por animal durante los años 2009 al 2012, en un hato Jersey dedicado a la producción láctea en Turrialba, Costa Rica.  Dos veces por semana, durante el ordeño de la mañana, se contaban y extraían las garrapatas con un tamaño entre 5 y 10 mm de largo.  La información fue registrada en una base de datos de acuerdo al número de identificación del animal, con el día del muestreo, el mes, el año, el aparto de la posible infestación (15 días antes del muestreo), el lado del animal muestreado, la zona anatómica de muestreo y el número de garrapatas recolectadas por área y el total recolectado por día (sumatoria de todas las áreas de muestreo).  El conteo de garrapatas por animal fue afectado significativamente por el animal, el mes y el año del muestreo, el aparto de la finca, el número de animales en pastoreo, la zona anatómica de muestreo del animal y el lado del animal (p<0,05).  El número de garrapatas por animal durante todo el año fluctuó entre 0,53 y 1,56 garrapatas por animal (por muestreo), siendo mayor en condiciones de mayor precipitación.  La técnica redujo en 21% la población inicial de garrapatas, sin embargo, la implementación de la misma esta condicionada a la cantidad de animales que conforma el hato de la finca y así como a la disponibilidad del personal.
Determinación del costo de la crianza de terneras desde el nacimiento hasta el destete en una lechería comercial especializada
Authors: Elizondo-Salazar Jorge Alberto , Vargas-Ramírez Alexandra María
Published: April 2016

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el costo económico asociado a la cría de reemplazos desde el nacimiento hasta el destete en una finca lechera comercial. Las determinaciones se realizaron en una finca de lechería especializada en San Ramón de Tres Ríos, Cartago. Durante el periodo del estudio se utilizaron datos de 23 terneras de la raza Holstein de cero a cuatro meses de edad. Las terneras fueron alimentadas según el método ya establecido en la finca. Para determinar el costo económico asociado a la cría de reemplazos desde el nacimiento hasta los cuatro meses de edad bajo el sistema de crianza utilizado, se llevó un registro diario por animal de cada gasto realizado, incluyendo alimentación, productos veterinarios y mano de obra, entre otros. Se determinó que el costo total promedio para criar una ternera hasta los cuatro meses de edad bajo el sistema de crianza utilizado en la finca es de ₡221.287,88 ($442,97), el cual puede aumentar en un rango entre los ₡467,34 y ₡18.692,30 ($0,94 y $37,42, respectivamente). El rubro de mayor impacto del total del costo promedio de producción resultó ser la alimentación con un 64,45%, del cual un 24,57% corresponde al gasto de alimento balanceado promedio, seguidamente se encuentra el costo promedio por concepto de lactoremplazador y de leche íntegra los cuales representan un 20,53 y 13,76%, respectivamente. La mano de obra requerida para el cuido de estos animales resultó ser el segundo costo de mayor importancia con una participación del 18,89% siendo específicamente la mano de obra del ternerero la de mayor impacto con un 18,33%.
Características pre-destete de cruces genéticos de bovinos de carne en el trópico seco costarricense
Authors: Castillo-Umaña Miguel Ángel , López-Herrera Michael , Montero-Quirós Adolfo , Soto-Murillo Henry
Published: April 2016

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la información de los registros productivos de crías nacidas durante los años 2001 – 2007 de una finca ganadera ubicada en Cañas, Guanacaste. Ahí se evaluaron 3 razas (Brahman. Santa Gertrudis y Simbrah) y sus cruces, los registros fueron recopilados y ordenados en hojas electrónicas, donde se identificaron los animales y se incluyeron otras mediciones calculadas con los datos existentes. Las variables evaluadas fueron peso al nacimiento (PN), peso al destete (PD), Peso al destete a 205 días (Días al destete (DD) -205) y ganancia de peso diaria (GPD). Los terneros de raza pura Brahman tendieron a presentar mayores PN, sin embargo cuando las madres son Brahman puro las crías provenientes de machos no cebuínos tienden a nacer con menor peso, por un efecto propio de las hembras Bos indicus. Los animales Brahman puro presentaron menores PD y menor GPD con respecto a los terneros nacidos de cruces genéticos con Santa Gertrudis y Simmental, debido a un efecto de heterosis materna que estimula una mayor producción de leche, lo que permite una mayor GPD, destetando terneros más pesados. Los terneros nacidos de padres cruzados Bos indicus – Bos taurus, presentan mayores PD y GDP por un efecto de heterosis que beneficia a las crías, permitiendo una mayor adaptación a las condiciones climáticas sin sacrificar la productividad. Los machos en promedio fueron más pesados que las hembras, 1,25 kg al nacimiento y 16,26 kg al destete a 205 días.
Conmemoración del XXX Aniversario Centro de Investigación en Nutrición Animal
Authors: Salas-Durán Catalina
Published: April 2016

En este suplemento especial se buscó divulgar los alcances del Centro de Investigación de Nutrición Animal (CINA) luego de 30 años de servicio al sector agropecuario de Costa Rica. Se presenta un resumen de los acontecimientos más importantes que se comentaron durante los actos protocolarios de celebración y se comparten algunas de las ponencias que se presentaron durante la jornada de conferencias. La Revista de Nutrición Animal Tropical (NAT) forma parte de los esfuerzos del CINA por mantener y divulgar investigación científica de calidad y de alto impacto para los productores pecuarios.
Caracterización Física de Materias Primas de Origen Vegetal y Animales Utilizadas en Costa Rica
Authors: Muñoz-Bonilla Denis , Villalobos-Molina Jhonny
Published: April 2016

La caracterización permite estandarizar la calidad nutricional de las materias primas con lo cual el impacto sobre las industrias se reflejará en la competitividad de éstas en la sociedad actual. Debido a la carencia de una nomenclatura adecuada, existe la posibilidad de obtener datos que aunque se reportan como de una misma materia prima corresponden a materias primas diferentes. Dada esta necesidad es que se creó este proyecto en el CINA con el fin de elaborar un manual que en cierta forma complemente también la Tabla de Composición de Alimentos.
CHẤT LƯỢNG MÔI TRƯỜNG NƯỚC BIỂN VEN BỜ TẠI TRẠM QUAN TRẮC VŨNG TÀU (1997 - 2014)
Authors: Vinh Le Thi
Published: April 2016

Kết quả đo đạc/phân tích các mẫu nước biển ven bờ tại trạm quan trắc Vũng Tàu từ năm 1997 đến 2014 cho thấy giá trị của các thông số cơ bản (Độ muối: 20,9 - 34,2‰; pH: 7,73 - 8,53, vật lơ lửng (TSS): 2,4 - 627 mg/l; DO: 4,76 - 7,64 mg/l), BOD5: 0,30 - 2,66 mg/l, muối dinh dưỡng (Amoni: 0 - 322 µgN/l; nitrit: 1,5 - 148,1 µgN/l; nitrat: 60 - 719 µgN/l; phosphat:1,0 - 30 µgP/l; silicat: 191 - 3.975 µgSi/l); nitơ hữu cơ: 420 - 1265 µg/l; phospho hữu cơ: 41 - 741 µg/l), các kim loại nặng (Zn: 7,1 - 59,4 µg/l; Cu: 0,5 - 10,8µg/l; Pb: 0,2 - 4,6 µg/l; As: 1,0 - 6,4 µg/l; Cd: 0 - 2,7 µg/l; Hg: 0 - 0,81 µg/l), hydrocarbon (79 - 925 µg/l) và mật độ coliform (0 - 19.300 MPN/100 ml) biến động trong phạm vi rất rộng. Mặc dù vậy, giá trị của các thông số khảo sát thường nằm trong các giá trị giới hạn qui định trong các tiêu chuẩn nước biển ven bờ hiện hành. Sự khác theo mùa, pha triều và tầng nước chỉ thể hiện rõ rệt qua giá trị độ muối và silicat. Phân tích dữ liệu môi trường trong gần 2 thập kỷ qua cho thấy nồng độ DO có xu thế giảm vào mùa mưa và nồng độ phosphat, phospho hữu cơ, Pb và hydrocarbon có xu thế gia tăng vào cả 2 mùa, đây là dấu hiệu suy giảm chất lượng môi trường nước tại trạm quan trắc.
NGHIÊN CỨU ỨNG DỤNG ĐỊA CHẤN TRONG TÌM KIẾM KHÍ HYDRAT KHU VỰC TƯ CHÍNH - VŨNG MÂY
Authors: Huong Phan Thien , Tung Nguyen Thanh , Hanh Bui Thi
Published: April 2016

Sự cạn kiệt nguồn năng lượng truyền thống như dầu khí, than đá là yếu tố thúc đẩy các nhà khoa học tìm kiếm nguồn năng lượng mới và khí hydrat được coi là đối tượng thay thế nhiều tiềm năng nhất. Tại Việt Nam, khí hydrat cũng được quan tâm trong những năm gần đây, một dự án lớn nghiên cứu về khí hydrat tại Biển Đông đã bắt đầu được triển khai, tuy nhiên sự hiểu biết về bản chất khí hydrat bằng tài liệu địa vật lý nói chung và địa chấn nói riêng vẫn còn đang rất hạn chế. Chính vì vậy phân tích và áp dụng phương pháp địa chấn dựa trên nguồn tài liệu trong tìm kiếm dầu khí sẽ được coi là phương pháp chủ đạo, hiệu quả trong giai đoạn đầu của công tác tìm kiếm khí hydrat tại Việt Nam. Trong bài báo này, dựa vào việc phân tích những đặc điểm địa chấn của tầng chứa khí hydrat, nhóm tác giả đã tiến hành phân tích các mặt cắt địa chấn dầu khí để chỉ ra ­­­­triển vọng khí hydrat tại vùng nước sâu Tư Chính - Vũng Mây, Việt Nam.
THE CURREN STATUS OF EXPLOITATION AND UTILIZATION OF ABALONE RESOURCE IN CU LAO CHAM ISLANDS, HOI AN, QUANG NAM
Authors: Dong Duong Thi Thu , Trinh Chu Manh
Published: April 2016

Abalone is the seafood with high nutritional value, which is well known as nutritious food. In addition, abalone shell with colorful iridescent nacre layer is used as jewelry, pearl inlay in the lacquer industry. Abalone is mostly distributed along the coast of Cu Lao Cham islands, is tourists’s favorite specialty, but has been being overexploited. The paper indicated the exploiting status and proposed solutions for reasonable exploitation and utilization of abalone resource as well as mentioned species composition and its ecological distribution in Cu Lao Cham islands.
GROUPER FINGERLING/SEEDS AND NURSING GROUND IN THI NAI, CU MONG LAGOON AND QUY NHON BAY
Authors: Quang Vo Van , Thao Le Thi Thu , Vu Nguyen Phi Uy , Hoa Tran Thi Hong , Thinh Tran Cong
Published: April 2016

The wild grouper fingerling have provided the important seed source for the development of commercial fish farming. Among the wild grouper fingerling collected in the Thi Nai lagoon, Quy Nhon bay (Binh Dinh) and Cu Mong lagoon (Phu Yen), 7 species of grouper have been identified as Banded grouper (Epinephelus amblycephalus), Yellow grouper (E. awoara), Longtooth grouper (E. bruneus), Malabar grouper (E. malabaricus), Sixbar grouper (E. sexfasciatus), Orange-spotted grouper (E. coioides) and grouper (Epinephelus sp.); in which three species of Longtooth grouper, Malabar grouper and Orange-spotted grouper were endangered in Red List Categories & Criteria of IUCN as VU and NT. The Malabar grouper seed makes up a high proportion of over 30%. The total length of the juveniles is different between species, ranging from an average of 25.0 mm to 116.82 mm; Orange-spotted grouper is 112.48 mm in total length; four grouper species Banded grouper, Yellow grouper, Longtooth grouper and Malabar grouper are longer than 30 mm in total length with 31.96, 32.23, 33.78 and 33.86 mm respectively. The Sixbar grouper and grouper (Epinephelus sp.) are smaller than 30 mm. The catching of grouper fingerling is distributed in wide area, along the bank, mangroves in the lagoon, along the western shore of the Quy Nhon bay, from Ghenh Rang to the southern part of the coast and along the Cu Mong lagoon (from south to southwest). The production of grouper seed fluctuates irregularly, 3 - 4 million seeds per year for highest yields, alternating with very low yields. The protection of nursing grounds is necessary with the solution of selective catching and limiting artisanal fishing.
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibition Increases Podocyte Derivation from Cells of Renin Lineage
Authors: Lichtnekert Julia , Kaverina Natalya V. , Eng Diana G. , Gross Kenneth W. , Kutz J. Nathan , Pippin Jeffrey W. , Shankland Stuart J.
Published: April 2016

Because adult podocytes cannot proliferate and are therefore unable to self-renew, replacement of these cells depends on stem/progenitor cells. Although podocyte number is higher after renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibition in glomerular diseases, the events explaining this increase are unclear. Cells of renin lineage (CoRL) have marked plasticity, including the ability to acquire a podocyte phenotype. To test the hypothesis that RAAS inhibition partially replenishes adult podocytes by increasing CoRL number, migration, and/or transdifferentiation, we administered tamoxifen to Ren1cCreERxRs-tdTomato-R CoRL reporter mice to induce permanent labeling of CoRL with red fluorescent protein variant tdTomato. We then induced experimental FSGS, typified by abrupt podocyte depletion, with a cytopathic antipodocyte antibody. RAAS inhibition by enalapril (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor) or losartan (angiotensin-receptor blocker) in FSGS mice stimulated the proliferation of CoRL, increasing the reservoir of these cells in the juxtaglomerular compartment (JGC). Compared with water or hydralazine, RAAS inhibition significantly increased the migration of CoRL from the JGC to the intraglomerular compartment (IGC), with more glomeruli containing RFP+CoRL and, within these glomeruli, more RFP+CoRL. Moreover, RAAS inhibition in FSGS mice increased RFP+CoRL transdifferentiation in the IGC to phenotypes, consistent with those of podocytes (coexpression of synaptopodin and Wilms tumor protein), parietal epithelial cells (PAX 8), and mesangial cells (α8 integrin). These results show that in the context of podocyte depletion in FSGS, RAAS inhibition augments CoRL proliferation and plasticity toward three different glomerular cell lineages.
Real and Nominal Equilibrium Yield Curves: Wage Rigidities and Permanent Shocks
Authors: Hsu Alex , Li Erica X.N. , Palomino Francisco
Published: April 2016

The links between real and nominal bond risk premia and macroeconomic dynamics are explored quantitatively in a model with nominal rigidities and monetary policy. The estimated model captures macroeconomic and yield curve properties of the U.S. economy, implying significantly positive real term and inflation risk bond premia. In contrast to previous literature, both premia are positive and generated by wage rigidities as a compensation for permanent productivity shocks. Stronger policy-rule responses to inflation (output) increase (decrease) both premia, while policy surprises generate negligible risk premia. Empirical evidence of the economic mechanism is provided.
Structure of a Story-Telling Performance Among Carpatho-Rusyns in Zakarpats'ka Oblast' of Ukraine: A Case Study
Authors: Boudovskaia Elena
Published: April 2016

This article analyses the transcript of the story-telling session with two participants, an 89-year-old woman and a 54-year-old man, that I audio-recorded in August of 2014 in the village of Novoselytsia in the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine. Although Western  krainian and Rusyn folk stories have been extensively collected since 1880-s (Hnatiuk 1897, 1898, 1900, Rozdol's'kyi 1899, 1900, etc.), entire story-telling sessions in these region have not been studied. My transcript reflects certain features of story-telling performance's macro- and micro-structure that either do not get recorded or get edited out in publications of folk texts, such as interaction between participants, discourse markers for organizing performance, repetitions, and digressions into everyday reality. After analyzing these features using Hymes' approach to linguistic and discourse markers in folk performance, I foreground the precise mechanism through which the collective creation of folklore [Jakobson and Bogatyrev 1980 [1929]] takes place.
Aimaras de Puno y la actitud Minera: ’¿para llegar a la vida hay que pasar por la muerte ?
Authors: Bermejo Paredes Saul , Maquera Yanet Amanda
Published: April 2016

RESUMEN

El estudio, es una aproximación a la comprensión epistemológica y ontológica aimara a partir de las expresiones de pensamiento y actitudes de los pobladores aimaras asentados en la zona sur de la región de Puno-Perú, que en el año 2011 protagonizaron grandes movimientos sociales y políticos con resonancia mundial, en oposición a las concesiones y actividades mineras en sus territorios.  Los resultados ponen de manifiesto la gran polaridad cognitiva entre la racionalidad aimara y el oficial-dominante y que la actividad minera  para los aimaras, es peor que la muerte misma.  El aimara no es un salvaje que se opone al progreso y al bienestar común, sino para él, el bienestar del ser (disfrute a plenitud), expresado por la armonía inconmensurable entre hombre-universo (relación interdependiente entre sujeto-objeto), es lo esencial, para vivir como ser humano. El bienestar no se alcanza sacrificando el presente, porque el concepto de vida no es lineal y progresivo, lo lógico para los aimaras, es “estar bien” ahora y también en el futuro. Finalmente, las actitudes de protesta de los aimaras se dirigen ante las injusticias sociales-económicas y cognitivas; y, al reconocimiento como nación y restitución de sus derechos y territorios, fundamentalmente.

 ABTRACT

The study is an approach to the epistemological and ontological understanding aimara from expressions of thought and attitudes of the aimara people settled in the southern region of Puno-Perú, which in 2011 staged large social and political movements with global resonance, as opposed to concessions and mining activities in their territories. The results demonstrate the great cognitive polarity between rationality and the official aimara-dominant and that mining for aimara, it is worse than death itself. The aimara is not a savage who opposes progress and the common good, but for him, the well-being of being (fully enjoy) expressed immeasurable harmony between man-universe (interdependent relationship between subject and object), it is essential to live as human beings. Welfare is not achieved by sacrificing the present, because the concept of life is not linear and progressive, it is logical for the aimara, is "being good" now and in the future. Finally, attitudes of protest are directed to the aimara-economic and cognitive social injustices; and recognition as a nation and restoration of their rights and territories, mainly.

 
THE ONTOLOGICAL QUESTIONS OF PERSONALIZE HOMES CUSTOMIZED ARCHITECTURAL ONLINE DESIGNING
Authors:   Voronezh State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Kapustin P. ,   Small innovative enterprise «Bureau of environmental design», Kanin D. ,   Voronezh State Technical University,   Small innovative enterprise «Bureau of environmental design», Churakov I. ,   Voronezh State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering,   Small innovative enterprise «Bureau of environmental design»
Published: April 2016

The article reveals the problem of the limited application of existing information technologies at the stage of conceptual designing. According to the authors, this problem has a cause, rooted in the dominant theoretical and methodological approaches to modeling architectural design, influenced the ways of its formalization. Architectural design evolved at the intersection of two poorly coordinated with each other configurations of objectivity and subjectivity: its object is far from an open and creative ontology as substituted typological descriptions of past experience, and its subjectivity wrongly identified with the artistic will of the architect-creator. This large-scale, we can say the historical disposition the authors examine on a particular example design of low-rise individual houses - one of the traditional, archetypal architectural objects, which have a decisive role by subjectivity. The necessity of revision of the ontological representations, departure from the standard solutions for the depersonalized consumer to customizable ones obtained in a conversation with a specific user. We describe a prototype of a cloud system of computer-aided system of low-rise apartment buildings that can provide a solution to these problems developed in the authors' small innovative company «Bureau of environmental design».
Sexual Victimization and Subsequent Police Reporting by Gender Identity Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Adults
Authors: Langenderfer-Magruder Lisa , Walls N. Eugene , Kattari Shanna K. , Whitfield Darren L. , Ramos Daniel
Published: April 2016

Prevalence of sexual victimization among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) persons is frequently found to be higher than the prevalence reported by their heterosexual peers. Transgender individuals are often included solely as part of larger LGBTQ research samples, potentially obfuscating differences between sexual orientation and gender identity. In this study, the authors examined sexual assault/rape in a large convenience sample of LGBTQ adults (N = 1,124) by respondents’ gender identity (cisgender, transgender) to determine whether differences exist in lifetime prevalence of sexual assault/rape and subsequent police reporting. Findings indicate transgender individuals report having experienced sexual assault/rape more than twice as frequently as cisgender LGBQ individuals. Authors found no statistically significant difference in reporting sexual violence to police. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Are Mental Disorders Brain Disorders?
Authors: Joubert Callie
Published: April 2016

The mission of the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health is to transform understanding and treatment of mental disorders. According to its former director, Dr. Thomas Insel, fundamental to its mission is the proposition that “mental illnesses are brain disorders.” The aim of this article is to examine this proposition and to argue that it does not make sense. As a scientific proposition, it is based on contentious empirical claims, and as a metaphysical proposition, it is consistent with those who claim that a person is a brain. A conceptual analysis is employed as a tool to show that it is a category mistake to ascribe psychological properties of a person to a brain. The article concludes with a brief indication of the ethical implications of Insel’s proposition for mental health care.
The Risk of Men’s and Women’s Intimate Partner Violence Victimization Across Activity Limitation Types in Canada
Authors: Brownridge Douglas A. , Taillieu Tamara , Chan Ko Ling , Afifi Tracie , Santos Susy , Tiwari Agnes
Published: April 2016

Despite the growing body of research on violence against persons with activity limitations (ALs), only a handful of studies of intimate partner violence (IPV) and ALs have included men in their analyses. This study used a nationally representative sample of 15,010 Canadians to examine the risk of IPV against men and women with and without ALs. Results showed that, with controls for age and education, men and women with any type of AL faced an elevated risk of IPV victimization. Adjusting for perpetrator-related risk factors fully accounted for the elevated risk for men with physical ALs and multiple ALs but not for men with nonphysically based ALs. Women in each AL type, on the other hand, had elevated odds of IPV after adjustments. A comparison of women with ALs to men with ALs showed that perpetrator-related risk factors accounted for women’s elevated risk for those with physical ALs and nonphysical ALs but not those with multiple ALs. Overall, although the risk of IPV is greater for women with ALs than for men with ALs, IPV is nevertheless a significant problem for men with ALs. Targeted interventions to prevent IPV for both genders are needed.
An Adaptive and Hybrid Approach for Revisiting the Visibility Pipeline
Authors: Da Cunha Ícaro Lins Leitão , Gonçalves Luiz Marcos Garcia
Published: April 2016

We revisit the visibility problem, which is traditionally known in Computer Graphics and Vision fields as the process of computing a (potentially) visible set of primitives in the computational model of a scene. We propose a hybrid solution that uses a dry structure (in the sense of data reduction), a triangulation of the type Ja 1 , to accelerate the task of searching for visible primitives. We came up with a solution that is useful for real-time, on-line, interactive applications as 3D visualization. In such applications the main goal is to load the minimum amount of primitives from the scene during the rendering stage, as possible. For this purpose, our algorithm executes the culling by using a hybrid paradigm based on viewing-frustum, back-face culling and occlusion models. Results have shown substantial improvement over these traditional approaches if applied separately. This novel approach can be used in devices with no dedicated processors or with low processing power, as cell phones or embedded displays, or to visualize data through the Internet, as in virtual museums applications.