bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Network pharmacology based research into the effect and mechanism of Yinchenhao Decoction against Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Chen Zhiqiang , Lin Tong , Liao Xiaozhong , Li Zeyun , Lin Ruiting , Qi Xiangjun , Chen Guoming , Sun Lingling , Lin Lizhu
Published: January 2021

Background

Cholangiocarcinoma refers to an epithelial cell malignancy with poor prognosis. Yinchenhao decoction (YCHD) showed positive effects on cancers, and associations between YCHD and cholangiocarcinoma remain unclear. This study aimed to screen out the effective active components of Yinchenhao decoction (YCHD) using network pharmacology, estimate their potential targets, screen out the pathways, as well as delve into the potential mechanisms on treating cholangiocarcinoma.

Methods

By the traditional Chinese medicine system pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP) as well as literature review, the major active components and their corresponding targets were estimated and screened out. Using the software Cytoscape 3.6.0, a visual network was established using the active components of YCHD and the targets of cholangiocarcinoma. Based on STRING online database, the protein interaction network of vital targets was built and analyzed. With the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) server, the gene ontology (GO) biological processes and the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) signaling pathways of the targets enrichment were performed. The AutoDock Vina was used to perform molecular docking and calculate the binding affinity. The PyMOL software was utilized to visualize the docking results of active compounds and protein targets. In vivo experiment, the IC50 values and apoptosis rate in PI-A cells were detected using CCK-8 kit and Cell Cycle Detection Kit. The predicted targets were verified by the real-time PCR and western blot methods.

Results

32 effective active components with anti-tumor effects of YCHD were sifted in total, covering 209 targets, 96 of which were associated with cancer. Quercetin, kaempferol, beta-sitosterol, isorhamnetin, and stigmasterol were identified as the vital active compounds, and AKT1, IL6, MAPK1, TP53 as well as VEGFA were considered as the major targets. The molecular docking revealed that these active compounds and targets showed good binding interactions. These 96 putative targets exerted therapeutic effects on cancer by regulating signaling pathways (e.g., hepatitis B, the MAPK signaling pathway, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and MicroRNAs in cancer). Our in vivo experimental results confirmed that YCHD showed therapeutic effects on cholangiocarcinoma by decreasing IC50 values, down-regulating apoptosis rate of cholangiocarcinoma cells, and lowering protein expressions.

Conclusions

As predicted by network pharmacology strategy and validated by the experimental results, YCHD exerts anti-tumor effectsthrough multiple components, targets, and pathways, thereby providing novel ideas and clues for the development of preparations and the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.
Proteomics analysis of a human brain sample from a mucolipidosis type IV patient reveals pathophysiological pathways
Authors: Vardi Ayelet , Pri-Or Amir , Wigoda Noa , Grishchuk Yulia , Futerman Anthony H.
Published: January 2021

Background

Mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV), an ultra-rare neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorder, is caused by mutations in theMCOLN1gene, which encodes the late endosomal/lysosomal transient receptor potential channel TRPML1 (mucolipin 1). The precise pathophysiogical pathways that cause neurological disease in MLIV are poorly understood. Recently, the first post-mortem brain sample became available from a single MLIV patient, and in the current study we performed mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics on this tissue with a view to delineating pathological pathways, and to compare with previously-published data on MLIV, including studies using theMcoln1−/−mouse.

Results

A number of pathways were altered in two brain regions from the MLIV patient, including those related to the lysosome, lipid metabolism, myelination, cellular trafficking and autophagy, mTOR and calmodulin, the complement system and interferon signaling. Of these, levels of some proteins not known previously to be associated with MLIV were altered, including APOD, PLIN4, ATG and proteins related to interferon signaling. Moreover, when proteins detected by proteomics in the human brain were compared with their orthologs detected in theMcoln1−/−mouse by RNAseq, the results were remarkably similar. Finally, analysis of proteins in human and mouse CSF suggest that calbindin 1 and calbindin 2 might be useful as biomarkers to help chart the course of disease development.

Conclusions

Despite the sample size limitations, our findings are consistent with the relatively general changes in lysosomal function previously reported in MLIV, and shed light on new pathways of disease pathophysiology, which is required in order to understand the course of disease development and to determine the efficacy of therapies when they become available for this devastating disease.
What can we learn from common variants associated with unexpected phenotypes in rare genetic diseases?
Authors: Erdmann Jeanette
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this article is to stimulate discussion about whether a phenome-wide association study is a suitable tool for uncovering late-onset risks in patients with monogenic disorders that are not yet fully recognized because the life expectancy of people with such conditions has only recently extended, and they now reach older ages when they may develop additional complications.
Non-SUMOylated CRMP2 decreases NaV1.7 currents via the endocytic proteins Numb, Nedd4-2 and Eps15
Authors: Gomez Kimberly , Ran Dongzhi , Madura Cynthia L. , Moutal Aubin , Khanna Rajesh
Published: January 2021

Voltage-gated sodium channels are key players in neuronal excitability and pain signaling. Functional expression of the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.7 is under the control of SUMOylated collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2). When not SUMOylated, CRMP2 forms a complex with the endocytic proteins Numb, the epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 15 (Eps15), and the E3 ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2 to promote clathrin-mediated endocytosis of NaV1.7. We recently reported that CRMP2 SUMO-null knock-in (CRMP2K374A/K374A) female mice have reduced NaV1.7 membrane localization and currents in their sensory neurons. Preventing CRMP2 SUMOylation was sufficient to reverse mechanical allodynia in CRMP2K374A/K374A female mice with neuropathic pain. Here we report that inhibiting clathrin assembly in nerve-injured male CRMP2K374A/K374A mice precipitated mechanical allodynia in mice otherwise resistant to developing persistent pain. Furthermore, Numb, Nedd4-2 and Eps15 expression was not modified in basal conditions in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of male and female CRMP2K374A/K374A mice. Finally, silencing these proteins in DRG neurons from female CRMP2K374A/K374A mice, restored the loss of sodium currents. Our study shows that the endocytic complex composed of Numb, Nedd4-2 and Eps15, is necessary for non-SUMOylated CRMP2-mediated internalization of sodium channels in vivo.
Involvement of the long noncoding RNA H19 in osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration
Authors: Zhou Zimo , Hossain Mohammad Showkat , Liu Da
Published: January 2021

Osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration are complex processes involving multiple genes and multiple steps. In this review, we summarize the effects of the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) H19 on osteogenic differentiation.

Osteogenic differentiation includes matrix secretion and calcium mineralization as hallmarks of osteoblast differentiation and the absorption of calcium and phosphorus as hallmarks of osteoclast differentiation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) form osteoprogenitor cells, pre-osteoblasts, mature osteoblasts, and osteocytes through induction and differentiation. lncRNAs regulate the expression of coding genes and play essential roles in osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration. The lncRNA H19 is known to have vital roles in osteogenic induction.

This review highlights the role of H19 as a novel target for osteogenic differentiation and the promotion of bone regeneration.
Bovine NK-lysin-derived peptides have bactericidal effects against Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis
Authors: Dassanayake Rohana P. , Wherry Taylor L. T. , Falkenberg Shollie M. , Reinhardt Timothy A. , Casas Eduardo , Stabel Judith R.
Published: January 2021

Infection withMycobacterium aviumsubspeciesparatuberculosis(MAP) is complex, but little is known about the role that natural killer (NK) cells play. In the present study, four bovine NK-lysin peptides were synthesized to evaluate their bactericidal activity against MAP. The results demonstrated that bNK-lysin peptides were directly bactericidal against MAP, with bNK1 and bNK2A being more potent than bNK2B and bNK2C. Mechanistically, transmission electron microscopy revealed that the incubation of MAP with bNK2A resulted in extensive damage to cell membranes and cytosolic content leakage. Furthermore, the addition of bNK2A linked with a cell-penetrating peptide resulted in increased MAP killing in a macrophage model.
Dynamic analysis of a stochastic four species food-chain model with harvesting and distributed delay
Authors: Tuerxun Nafeisha , Teng Zhidong , Chen Wei
Published: January 2021

A stochastic four species food-chain model is proposed in this paper. Here, artificial harvest in each species and the effect of time delay for interaction between species are considered, which makes the model more applicable in real situations. Specifically, we address the stochastic global dynamics behavior, including the existence of global positive solutions, stochastic ultimate boundedness, extinction with probability one, persistence in mean and global stability. The asymptotic stability in the probability distribution is obtained, and the criterion for the existence and non-existence of the optimal harvesting strategy is also derived. Furthermore, this paper can provide reference for the research of generaln-species stochastic food-chain models.
Continuous stage stochastic Runge–Kutta methods
Authors: Xin Xuan , Qin Wendi , Ding Xiaohua
Published: January 2021

In this work, a version of continuous stage stochastic Runge–Kutta (CSSRK) methods is developed for stochastic differential equations (SDEs). First, a general order theory of these methods is established by the theory of stochastic B-series and multicolored rooted tree. Then the proposed CSSRK methods are applied to three special kinds of SDEs and the corresponding order conditions are derived. In particular, for the single integrand SDEs and SDEs with additive noise, we construct some specific CSSRK methods of high order. Moreover, it is proved that with the help of different numerical quadrature formulas, CSSRK methods can generate corresponding stochastic Runge–Kutta (SRK) methods which have the same order. Thus, some efficient SRK methods are induced. Finally, some numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate those theoretical results.
Freeze–Thaw Resistance of Ternary Blended Concrete Using Ferronickel Slag
Authors: Cho Won Jung , Kim Min Jae
Published: January 2021

The present study investigated the resistance of concrete blended with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and ferronickel slag (FNS) to cycles of freeze and thaw. The replacement ratio of the binders was 0%, 50 wt% of GGBS and 30 wt% of GGBS + 20 wt% of FNS for O100, OG50 and OG30F20, respectively. Specimens consisted of cement paste and concrete kept at 0.45 water/binder ratio. After 28 days of curing, specimens were subjected to freeze and thaw cycles (300) for measuring the variation of strength, weight loss and fundamental transverse frequency. Simultaneously mercury intrusion porosimetry was performed to examine the pore structure modifications at 28 days. The hydration products for cement paste cured at each determined age were characterized by X-ray diffraction and the content of CH and CSH was obtained from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). As a result, the ternary blended concrete specimens showed lower deterioration degree when subjected to the freeze and thaw cycles. This may be due to a latent hydraulic and/or pozzolanic reaction producing more CSH in the matrix, which in turn increases the volume of small pores. The increased content of C–S–H gel for OG30F20 was confirmed by TGA, accounting for 69.9%. However, the binder system consisting of ordinary Portland cement and GGBS did not exhibit higher resistance to the given deleterious environment, presumably due to a delayed hydration process.
Research progress of heat stroke during 1989–2019: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Xia De-Meng , Wang Xu-Ren , Zhou Pan-Yu , Ou Tian-Le , Su Lei , Xu Shuo-Gui
Published: January 2021

Background

Heat stroke (HS) is an acute physical disorder that is associated with a high risk of organ dysfunction and even death. HS patients are usually treated symptomatically and conservatively; however, there remains a lack of specific and effective drugs in clinical practice. An analysis of publication contributions from institutions, journals and authors in different countries/regions was used to study research progress and trends regarding HS.

Methods

We extracted all relevant publications on HS between 1989 and 2019 from Web of Science. Using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS, version 24) and the software GraphPad Prism 8, graphs were generated and statistical analyses were performed, while VOSviewer software was employed to visualize the research trends in HS from the perspectives of co-occurring keywords.

Results

As of April 14, 2020, we identified 1443 publications with a citation frequency of 5216. The United States accounted for the largest number of publications (36.2%) and the highest number of citations (14,410), as well as the highest H-index at 74. Although the sum of publications from China ranked second, there was a contradiction between the quantity and quality of publications. Furthermore, Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise published the most papers related to HS, with Lin MT publishing the most papers in this field (112), while the review by Knochel JP received the highest citation frequency at 969. The keyword heat-stress appeared most recently, with an average appearing year of 2015.5. In the clinical research cluster, exertional heat-stroke was determined to be the hotspot, while ambient-temperature and heat waves were the new trends in the epidemiological research cluster.

Conclusions

Corresponding to this important field, while the contributions of the publications from the United States were significant, the mismatch between the quantity and quality of publications from China must be examined. Moreover, it is hypothesized that clinical and epidemiological studies may become hotspots in the near future.
Multivariate prediction of mixed, multilevel, sequential outcomes arising from in vitro fertilisation
Authors: Wilkinson Jack , Vail Andy , Roberts Stephen A.
Published: January 2021

In vitro fertilisation (IVF) comprises a sequence of interventions concerned with the creation and culture of embryos which are then transferred to the patient’s uterus. While the clinically important endpoint is birth, the responses to each stage of treatment contain additional information about the reasons for success or failure. As such, the ability to predict not only the overall outcome of the cycle, but also the stage-specific responses, can be useful. This could be done by developing separate models for each response variable, but recent work has suggested that it may be advantageous to use a multivariate approach to model all outcomes simultaneously. Here, joint analysis of the sequential responses is complicated by mixed outcome types defined at two levels (patient and embryo). A further consideration is whether and how to incorporate information about the response at each stage in models for subsequent stages. We develop a case study using routinely collected data from a large reproductive medicine unit in order to investigate the feasibility and potential utility of multivariate prediction in IVF. We consider two possible scenarios. In the first, stage-specific responses are to be predicted prior to treatment commencement. In the second, responses are predicted dynamically, using the outcomes of previous stages as predictors. In both scenarios, we fail to observe benefits of joint modelling approaches compared to fitting separate regression models for each response variable.
The German RECAP questionnaire: linguistic validation and cognitive debriefing in German adults with self-reported atopic eczema and parents of affected children
Authors: Gabes Michaela , Tischer Christina , Herrmann Anne , Howells Laura , Apfelbacher Christian
Published: January 2021

Background

Recap of atopic eczema (RECAP) is a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) assessing eczema control. Long-term control of eczema is one of the four core outcome domains for atopic eczema trials. This instrument has been recently developed in the UK.

Objective

This study aimed to translate the English RECAP into German and test its content validity in a German population with self-reported atopic eczema.

Methods

A six-step procedure including two forward and one backward translations, two consensus decisions and an expert review was performed to obtain a German version of RECAP. We conducted semi-standardized cognitive interviews with adults with atopic eczema (n = 7) and parents having children affected by this disease (n = 5). A “think-aloud” method was used and aspects of comprehensibility, comprehensiveness and relevance according to the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) criteria were examined. Interviews were coded using qualitative content analysis.

Results

No particular linguistic problems were encountered during forward-backward translation. Minor wording changes were made as required. The title was adjusted to a more familiar German term of the disease (which is ‘Neurodermitis’). The recall period was rephrased from ‘over the last week’ to ‘over the last seven days’ since there was a different cultural understanding of the time frame. Regarding content validity, the items of the German RECAP were considered to be comprehensible, comprehensive and relevant for the participants and parents of affected children. The participants understood the instruction and considered the one-week recall period and the response options as appropriate.

Conclusions

A German version of RECAP that is linguistically equivalent to the original version is now available but further assessment of its measurement properties is needed.
Assessment of seasonal variation on neonatal sepsis
Authors: Abdel Mawla Mohamed A. , Mostafa Eman A. , Hasanin Rasha M. , Salah Mohab M.
Published: January 2021

Background

Neonatal sepsis is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Frequency of bacterial sepsis is affected by seasonal variations. This study was done to rule out the effects of seasonal variation on neonatal sepsis and to determine isolated bacterial agents and their antibiotic sensitivity profile.

Results

This cross-sectional study included100 neonates with suspected sepsis, and conducted during summer and winter seasons. High frequencies of neonatal morbidities were observed like poor feeding (98%), Jaundice (82%), pallor (76%), respiratory distress (66%) and convulsions (64%) in winter, whereas fever (40%) and edema (12%) in summer. Statically significant correlation was found between the seasonal variations and different symptomatic expression of bacteremia like jaundice, respiratory distress, convulsions and poor feeding (pvalue < 0.001) in winter, while pallor, fever and edema (pvalue < 0.05) in summer. Our study showed high proportion of neonatal infection with Gram negative bacteria, as (40%)Pseudomonas aeruginosaand (16%)Escherichia coliin winter season, while (22%) Enterobacter in summer. Carbapenems was very effective againstPseudomonas aeruginosaisolates,Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter, Acinetobacter,Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureusand Listeria, while theses bacterial isolates showed (80–100%) resistance to Unasyn and Cephalosporins (3rd generation).

Conclusion

This study showed that Seasonal variations had effects on neonatal sepsis regarding their both different symptomatic expressions and bacterial isolates. Most of isolates were sensitive to Carbapenems and resistant to both Unasyn and Cephalosporins (3rd generation).
Do competition and efficiency lead to bank stability? Evidence from Bangladesh
Authors: Dutta Kumar Debasis , Saha Mallika
Published: January 2021

Financial deregulation after financial repression during 1980s and 1990s has stimulated a fierce competition among banks across the world. In pace with this, banking industry of Bangladesh is also experiencing an intense competition, since it is composed of a large number of banks. Considering this upsurge, our study aims to explore the impact of competition and efficiency on financial stability of Bangladeshi banks over 2009–2017. For exploring this nexus, we calculate Boone indicator and Z-score, construct banking efficiency index by principal component analysis, using bank-level data to measure competition, stability and efficiency, respectively, and analyze the impact of efficiency on financial stability at different levels of competition. We address the endogeneity of the estimation by employing two-step system GMM and different robustness checks. The findings of our study suggest a nonlinear competition–stability relationship, and though efficiency contributes to stability, the impact is moderated in the presence of competition. Our findings are robust to alternative measures of competition, stability and control variables, which could be useful for policy makers to formulate strategies and policies to maintain financial stability.
Iron-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions Tuned by Bulky Ortho-Phenylene Bisphosphine Ligands
Authors: Adak Laksmikanta , Hatakeyama Takuji , Nakamura Masaharu
Published: January 2021

The significant progress made in the context of iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions in the past several years has boosted competition with well-known nickel and palladium catalyst systems. Iron-catalyzed protocols not only benefit from economic and toxicology standpoints, but also exhibit a range of reactivities and tolerate many functional groups. To date several iron catalyst systems have been developed, ranging from the use of simple iron salts to more complex stoichiometric/catalytic modifiers. Effective N-heterocyclic carbenes and bisphosphine ligands have also been developed for the cross-coupling reactions of organic electrophiles using diverse organometallic reagents. Indeed, the use of bisphosphine ligands in the field of iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions is important for new applications in modern synthetic organic chemistry. This account summarizes the recent developments in practical and novel iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions employing bulky o-phenylene bisphosphine ligands and their mechanistic views.
Preparation of Palladium Metal Intercalated between Graphite Layers with Low Palladium Loading for Cinnamaldehyde Hydrogenation
Authors: Sodeno Mika , Nanao Hidetaka , Shirai Masayuki
Published: January 2021

Spherical palladium nanoparticles between graphite layers were prepared by the intercalation of palladium chloride followed by its reduction between graphite layers. The palladium particles intercalated between graphite layers were more active for cinnamaldehyde hydrogenation to hydrocinnamaldehyde and hydrocinnamyl alcohol in n-heptane solvent than those supported on graphite surface.
Effects of Different Exercise Strategies to Improve Postprandial Glycemia in Healthy Individuals
Authors: BELLINI ALESSIO , NICOLÒ ANDREA , BAZZUCCHI ILENIA , SACCHETTI MASSIMO
Published: January 2021

Purpose

We systematically investigated the effects of different exercise strategies on postprandial glycemia.

Methods

Six randomized repeated-measures crossover studies were performed. Study 1 compared the effects of 60 min of brisk walking started at 30, 60, or 90 min after breakfast on postbreakfast and postlunch glycemic responses. Study 2 investigated the effects of 30 min of different exercise types (aerobic vs resistance vs combined). Study 3 compared the effects of 30 min of different aerobic exercise types (walking vs cycling vs elliptical). Study 4 evaluated the effects of 30 min of brisk walking performed 45 min before or 15 and 30 min after breakfast. Study 5 compared 30 with 45 min of postprandial brisk walking. Study 6 compared the effects of a total of 30 min brisk walking exercise fragmented in bouts of 15, 5, or 2.5 min performed every 15 min.

Results

Postprandial but not preprandial exercise improved glycemic response (studies 1 and 4). The glycemic peak was attenuated only when exercise started 15 min after the meal (study 4). A similar reduction of the postprandial glycemic response was observed with different exercise types (studies 2 and 3). Thirty and 45 min of brisk walking provided a similar reduction of the postprandial glucose response (study 5). When performing activity breaks, 10 and 20 min of cumulative exercise were sufficient to attenuate postprandial glycemia in the first hour postmeal (study 6).

Conclusion

Our findings provide insight into how to choose timing, type, duration, and modality for postprandial exercise prescription in healthy individuals.
Effects of Prior Voluntary Hyperventilation on the 3-min All-Out Cycling Test in Men
Authors: JOHNSON MICHAEL A. , SHARPE GRAHAM R. , NEEDHAM ROBERT S. , WILLIAMS NEIL C.
Published: January 2021

Introduction

The ergogenic effects of respiratory alkalosis induced by prior voluntary hyperventilation (VH) are controversial. This study examined the effects of prior VH on derived parameters from the 3-min all-out cycling test (3MT).

Methods

Eleven men (

= 46 ± 8 mL·kg−1·min−1) performed a 3MT preceded by 15 min of rest (CONT) or VH (

= 38 ± 5 L·min−1) with PETCO2 reduced to 21 ± 1 mm Hg (HYP). End-test power (EP; synonymous with critical power) was calculated as the mean power output over the last 30 s of the 3MT, and the work done above EP (WEP; synonymous with W′) was calculated as the power–time integral above EP.

Results

At the start of the 3MT, capillary blood PCO2 and [H+] were lower in HYP (25.2 ± 3.0 mm Hg, 27.1 ± 2.6 nmol·L−1) than CONT (43.2 ± 2.0 mm Hg, 40.0 ± 1.5 nmol·L−1) (P < 0.001). At the end of the 3MT, blood PCO2 was still lower in HYP (35.7 ± 5.4 mm Hg) than CONT (40.6 ± 5.0 mm Hg) (P < 0.001). WEP was 10% higher in HYP (19.4 ± 7.0 kJ) than CONT (17.6 ± 6.4 kJ) (P = 0.006), whereas EP was 5% lower in HYP (246 ± 69 W) than CONT (260 ± 74 W) (P = 0.007). The ΔWEP (J·kg−1) between CONT and HYP correlated positively with the PCO2 immediately before the 3MT in HYP (r = 0.77, P = 0.006).

Conclusion

These findings suggest that acid–base changes elicited by prior VH increase WEP but decrease EP during the all-out 3MT.
Risk factors for intimate partner violence and abuse among adolescents and young adults: findings from a UK population-based cohort
Authors: Herbert Annie , Heron Jon , Barter Christine , Szilassy Eszter , Barnes Maria , Howe Laura D. , Feder Gene , Fraser Abigail
Published: January 2021

Background: Approximately one-third of young people in the UK have suffered intimate partner violence and abuse (IPVA) on reaching adulthood. We need interventions to prevent IPVA in this population, but there is a lack of evidence on who is at greatest risk.

Methods: We analysed questionnaire data from 3,279 participants of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children population-based birth cohort. We estimated the prevalence of IPVA victimisation and perpetration by age 21, by sex, demographic, parenting, mental health, externalising behaviour (e.g. smoking), educational, employment, and adverse childhood factors.

Results: Overall, 29% of males and 41% of females reported IPVA victimisation, with 20% and 25% reporting perpetration, respectively (16% and 22% both). The most common type of IPVA was emotional, followed by physical, then sexual. History of anxiety, self-harm, anti-social behaviour, cannabis or illicit (non-cannabis) drug use, or risky sexual behaviour among males and females were associated with a 50% increase in likelihood of IPVA (victimisation or perpetration). Males reporting depression, sexual abuse (not by an intimate partner), witnessing domestic violence, or parental separation were also more likely to experience IPVA. Extreme parental monitoring, high academic achievement during adolescence, and NEET (not being in education, employment, or training) status in young adulthood were associated with reduced risks of IPVA.

Conclusions: A range of demographic, mental health, and behavioural factors were associated with increased prevalence of IPVA victimisation or perpetration. Further study of likely complex pathways from these factors to IPVA, to inform primary prevention, is needed.
SARS-CoV-2 detection by a clinical diagnostic RT-LAMP assay
Authors: Buck Michael D. , Poirier Enzo Z. , Cardoso Ana , Frederico Bruno , Canton Johnathan , Barrell Sam , Beale Rupert , Byrne Richard , Caidan Simon , Crawford Margaret , Cubitt Laura , Gandhi Sonia , Goldstone Robert , Grant Paul R. , Gulati Kiran , Hindmarsh Steve , Howell Michael , Hubank Michael , Instrell Rachael , Jiang Ming , Kassiotis George , Lu Wei-Ting , MacRae James I. , Martini Iana , Miller Davin , Moore David , Nastouli Eleni , Nicod Jerome , Nightingale Luke , Olsen Jessica , Oomatia Amin , O'Reilly Nicola , Rideg Anett , Song Ok-Ryul , Strange Amy , Swanton Charles , Turajlic Samra , Wu Mary , Reis e Sousa Caetano ,   The Crick COVID-19 Consortium
Published: January 2021

The ongoing pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 calls for rapid and cost-effective methods to accurately identify infected individuals. The vast majority of patient samples is assessed for viral RNA presence by RT-qPCR. Our biomedical research institute, in collaboration between partner hospitals and an accredited clinical diagnostic laboratory, established a diagnostic testing pipeline that has reported on more than 252,000 RT-qPCR results since its commencement at the beginning of April 2020. However, due to ongoing demand and competition for critical resources, alternative testing strategies were sought. In this work, we present a clinically-validated procedure for high-throughput SARS-CoV-2 detection by RT-LAMP in 25 minutes that is robust, reliable, repeatable, sensitive, specific, and inexpensive.
The Gambia National Eye Health Survey 2019: survey protocol
Authors: Hydara Abba , Bastawrous Andrew , Bell Suzannah , Boggs Dorothy , Bright Tess , Bobat Hannaa , Eaton Julian , Faal Hannah , Jobe Modou , Kim Min J. , Kirkpatrick Ben , McCormick Ian , Okoh John Atta , Olaniyan Segun Isaac , Prentice Andrew M. , Ramke Jacqueline , Taylor Ruth , Burton Matthew J , Mactaggart Islay
Published: January 2021

Two national surveys of vision impairment and blindness were undertaken in The Gambia in 1986 and 1996. These provided data for the inception of The Gambia’s National Eye Health Programme (NEHP) within the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare. There have been important developments in the eye health services provided by the NEHP in the last 20 years. At the same time, the population has also undergone major demographic changes that may have led to substantial changes in the burden of eye disease.

We conducted a National Eye Health Survey of vision impairment, blindness and its comorbidities in adults in The Gambia in 2019. We examined a nationally representative population-based sample of adults 35 years and above to permit direct comparison with the data available from the previous surveys.

Alongside a comprehensive vision and eye examination, the survey provides nationally representative data on important comorbidities in this population: diabetes, hypertension, obesity, hearing impairment, disability and mental health. Secondly, it estimates access to assistive technologies and eye health services. Thirdly, it is powered to allow a five-year follow up cohort study to measure the incidence and progression of eye disease.
Generalized topologies with associating function and logical applications
Authors: Witczak Tomasz
Published: January 2021

The whole universe of a generalized topological space may not be open. Hence, some points may be beyond any open set. In this paper we assume that such points are associated with certain open neighbourhoods by means of a special function F. We study various properties of the structures obtained in this way. We introduce the notions of F-interior and F-closure and we discuss issues of convergence in this new setting. It is possible to treat our spaces as a semantical framework for modal logic.
Applicability of Herbert Blumer's Symbolic Interactionism to Political Analysis of Internet Communications
Authors: Fedorchenko Sergey , Fedorchenko Larisa , Karlyavina E.
Published: January 2021

The aim of the article is to study the model of symbolic interactionism by the American sociologist Herbert Blumer and to identify the analytical elements that are most applicable to the political analysis of internet communications. The authors used the hermeneutic approach, including the identification of central premises in Blumer's model as well as an additional interpretation of such premises. Quantitative content analysis was used as an auxiliary methodological optics. The analysis demonstrated that the analytical tools of symbolic interactionism from the Chicago School (definitive and sensitizing concepts, exploration and inspection, etc.) can be effectively tailored and used for current research of internet communications in applied political science. The authors conclude that identifying the transaction process is the most important result of applying Blumer’s symbolic interactionism model to a study of social media communities by a political scientist. It is demonstrated that the conditions of social media require investigating the mechanism of behavior adaptation by each individual to the behavior of others. This gives an insight into the mechanism by which social life and the political regime are streamlined and stabilized.
O niektórych cechach swoistych ewolucji współczesnego rosyjskiego sytemu politycznego
Authors: Gutorow Władimir
Published: January 2021

On some peculiarities of evolution of the contemporary Russian political system

The article deals with the problem of Russian political system evolution at the turn of the 20th and 21th centuries. The author attempts to answer the following question: if contemporary Russian state system does not fit a classical model of liberal democracy, is it reasonable to talk about hopeless stagnation of political system in Russia, generated by the process of new bureaucratic deformation, or is it possible to outline some tendencies of Russian state system evolution that fit the process of global degradation of democratic institutions in every region all over the world without any exceptions? The answer implies a quite important verification and statement concerning the situation: does the level of political government in Russian „imperial center” meet that contemporary criteria, obeyed in the development of civilized states. At the beginning of the 21st century, after long period of chaotic decentralization, Russia has entered the stage, when the federal center attempts to „establish order” in the country by means of tough administrative decisions. New stage of Russian politics connected with the Ukrainian crisis and the referendum in the Crimea signifies the explicit tendency of political elite to start a new page of national history.
System wzajemnych relacji między centrum i regionami: lekcja rodzimej tradycji politycznej
Authors: Kowalenko Walerij
Published: January 2021

System of mutual relations between the center and regions: lessons of domestic political tradition

The main focus of interest in the text is the influence of geographical environment, geopolitics, mentality, tradition on state system building in Russia. The Author stresses that the Russian state is influenced by general mechanisms of history, but on the other hand, some specific features of Russian history have been voiced by many Russian historians who noticed that due to inner and outer circumstances the state development in Russia generally was forced by the authority, from above. Due to historical experiences of Russia the necessity of powerful state, based on good relations between the Center and regions is concerned.
Polityczna i obywatelska aktywność ludności współczesnej Rosji
Authors: Radikow Iwan
Published: January 2021

Political and civic activity of people in contemporary Russia

The Author proceeds from the issue that in developed society citizens’ participation in politics is regarded to be standard. It is maintained in the paper that impetuous political activity of Russian citizens happen to be the result of hybrid level of political culture of Russian society, as well as endevours undertaken by the authorities in order to minimize and control the phenomenon. The above mentioned activity is limited by relatively low level of political institutionalization and certain disillusionment in democracy. The Author predicts new tendencies of citizens’ activity manifestations and concludes that mixture of autonomous, rational, self‑dependent and encouraged activity of people seem to be optimal in contemporary circumstances.
Kraje Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej i rozszerzenie NATO a polityka zagraniczna Federacji Rosyjskiej w latach 1992‑1994
Authors: Grieckij Igor
Published: January 2021

Central and Eastern Europe countries and NATO enlargement in foreign policy of Russian Federation in 1992‑1992 The beginning of the 1990s is one of the most interesting and controversial periods in the history of Russian foreign policy. At that time, extensive reforms were introduced in Russia in the framework of transition to market economy and institutions of civil society. Russia’s foreign policy has undergone great changes, as well, many of its fundamental provisions were subject to significant adjustment. In particular, the new leadership of Russia is no longer considered NATO as an enemy, and even let in a possibility of Russia’s prospects for NATO membership in future. However, by 1994, the Kremlin’s position on that issue has changed dramatically. This article examines the nature of these changes in Russia’s foreign policy, as well as the reasons why the Russian government perceived negatively the CEE countries’ aspirations to join NATO, and considered it as a threat to its national interests.
Rosyjskie inicjatywy w sferze zarządzania Internetem
Authors: Szyrin Siergiej
Published: January 2021

Internet governance initiatives of Russia
The article is devoted to research of Russian initiatives concerning its participation in international system of Internet governance. In the research, conceptual and theoretic basis for participation of state governments in Internet governance is given, academic discourse of this issue is assessed, the review of main Russian initiatives made from 2005 (since the second stage of the World Summit on Information Society) till the present day is carried out. The conclusion is made that the most successful internet governance initiative of Russia is the implementation of Cyrillic top level domains. Much less successful are Russian attempts to reconstruct existing organizational structure of internet governance. Russian policy is assessed as a policy of preferring loud statements and PR rather than real influence on development of internet technologies. Russia considers Internet as a political resource and tries to increase its influence on decision making process on a political, not operational level of Internet governance.
Effects of Income Distribution Changes on Assortment Size in the Mainstream Grocery Channel
Authors: Becerril-Arreola Rafael , Bucklin Randolph E. , Thomadsen Raphael
Published: January 2021

The authors study the effect of changes in the United States income distribution on assortment size in the mainstream grocery channel. Census demographics for 1,711 counties are matched to local assortment data from Nielsen in 944 grocery product categories from 2007 to 2013. The authors show that holding other demographics constant, assortment size increases with higher average income but decreases with greater income dispersion. This pattern holds for several specifications of assortments at the local level: the number of category Universal Product Codes (UPCs), number of brands, number of products per brand, and horizontal and vertical dimensions of assortments. The results suggest that increased income dispersion (holding other factors constant) reduces both horizontal and vertical differentiation. The effect sizes are similar for private labels and branded products, but large brands lose proportionally more UPCs than small brands when income dispersion rises. Potential mechanisms underlying the results are also explored, with evidence that a hollowing out of the middle class along with Engel’s law of expenditure explain a significant portion of this effect. The findings also offer insights for consumer packaged goods manufacturers that might help them allocate resources to expand shelf presence or defend current positions.

This paper was accepted by Matthew Shum, marketing.
2020: Archivos en tiempos de la COVID-19
Authors: Fontcuberta Laura , Delclós Jordi , García Guillermo , Ramada José María , Seguí María del Mar , Ronda Elena
Published: January 2021

En el momento de la redacción de esta nota editorial, seguimos mirando con preocupación y temor la evolución de la situación de la infección originada por el SARS-CoV-2, pero también con esperanza por el comienzo de la vacunación. Los retos que la pandemia ha representado y representa para la salud laboral son inmensos: cambios en las condiciones de trabajo, afectación del mercado laboral, aparición de nuevas formas de trabajo, el papel de los servicios de prevención en la lucha contra la transmisión de la enfermedad, así como en la detección y control de trabajadores infectados y sus contactos, el medio laboral como lugar de transmisión de la enfermedad o la identificación de trabajadores especialmente sensibles y vulnerables, son algunos de los ejemplos que podríamos citar…
Management of Anterior Crossbite due to Splinting for Dental Trauma: A Case Report with 4-year Follow-up
Authors: Nuñez Camila Corral , Ramirez Andrea Veliz , Schade Sigrid , Navarrete Cristian , von Mühlenbrock Hans , Gamonal Braulio Catalan , Alani Aws
Published: January 2021

This report describes the sequelae and subsequent management of a 7-year-old boy who failed to attend follow-up visits after a dental trauma and was initially managed with an active splint. The splint was maintained for 9 months, resulting in an anterior cross-bite, caused by retroclination of the upper incisors. The splint was removed and occlusal build-ups were placed on the molars. Nine months later, the form and shape of the upper dental arch were re-established and the cross-bite was corrected. Four years after the dental trauma, the injured teeth were asymptomatic and had continued root development.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Splints for dental trauma management should be passive and removed at the requisite time, to avoid the risk of the splint generating a malocclusion.
An Orthodontic Spring Coil and Soft Tissue Complication
Authors: Nandra Baljeet K , Thind Bikram S
Published: January 2021

This case report describes a scenario where a 14-year-old patient during orthodontic treatment at Solihull Hospital, West Midlands, presented with a rare soft tissue orthodontic complication. On routine examination, the spring coil from the orthodontic appliance was found to be located in the parotid gland duct. This was extracted by the oral and maxillofacial team at Solihull Hospital. The patient was followed post-operatively for any signs of sialadenitis, sialolithiasis and strictures. After 3 years of follow up, no post-operative complications were noted.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Soft tissue and orthodontic complications are common, usually due to trauma from sharp components. Clinicians should be aware of complications that can also occur.
Palatal Lift Appliance in a Case of Palatal Incompetence Secondary to Motor Neurone Disease
Authors: Daly Alex
Published: January 2021

Velopharyngeal deficiencies are challenging conditions to manage, often requiring input from a number of different specialties including restorative dentistry. Palatal incompetence, that is, the inability of a structurally intact palate to elevate and close the nasopharynx from the oropharynx can result in hypernasality and air escape, compromising speech sounds as well as causing swallowing difficulty. The palatal lift appliance is a prosthesis designed to elevate the palate to aid velopharyngeal closure, and has been used to manage patients with neurological disorders affecting the palate. This report presents such management in a patient with motor neurone disease.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Dentists should be integral in the management of patients with motor neurone disease to help maintain oral health and prevention of dental disease, but also to provide speech prostheses and liaise with speech and language therapists. Patients with motor neurone disease may present to a generalist for routine dental care, and GDPs should be aware of the challenges of managing the dental work for this group of people.
Managing headlice in children
Authors: Noakes Amy
Published: January 2021

Head lice are parasitic insects that infest the hairs of the human head and feed on blood from the scalp. They are most common in children between 4 and 11 years, who should be examined regularly to avoid infestations
The role of toys and games in helping children reach their milestones
Authors: Hancock David
Published: January 2021

Play is enshrined in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and is an important way in which children learn. This article investigates how toys and games facilitate development, and which are best for mastering a range of skills
Migrant mothers' experiences of perinatal mental ill health in the UK and their expectations of healthcare
Authors: Das Ranjana , Beszlag Daniel
Published: January 2021

A large body of research has found that mothers from ethnic minority groups are at high risk of maternal mental health difficulties. This article presents a study of women from ethnic minority and migrant groups in the UK who experienced mental health difficulties in order to investigate obstacles they met in communicating their challenges with health professionals. Thirty qualitative, semi-structured interviews were conducted and analysed. The findings show that mental health is often a taboo in ethnic minority communities, and that a lack of stimulus and ability to communicate their struggles is one of the main drivers of mental ill-health. Support groups and social media create promising opportunities for combating the issue at hand, but social services, medication, NHS understaffing and insufficient attention paid to mothers by health professionals are the main obstacles met by participants in sourcing support. Research is concluded with recommendations regarding the findings.