bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An assemblage theoretic perspective on a career in progress
Authors: Fischer Eileen
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to provide an advanced understanding of the dynamics of a scholarly career.

Design/methodology/approach

An assemblage of a theoretic lens was adopted to help make sense of how the focal scholar came to have certain capacities and characteristics and how these evolved over time.

Findings

The critical determinants of the capacities of this scholar have arisen from intersections with the institutions she has been a part of and individuals with whom she has been privileged to interact.

Originality/value

This paper is the first to adapt an assemblage theoretic lens to make sense of a professional’s career accomplishments and trajectory and to draw inferences for career management from this perspective.
A critical review on value co-creation: towards a contingency framework and research agenda
Authors: Wang Xueqin , Wong Yiik Diew , Teo Chee-Chong , Yuen Kum Fai
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Although a dominant marketing concept, value co-creation (VCC) is not without controversy. Inspired by value co-destruction (VCD), the purpose of this paper is to review the scattered literature on the uncertainties in collaborative value formation, synthesising contingency factors of value outcomes in VCC.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is based on an examination of 84 peer-reviewed journal articles. Recognising the drawbacks of the macroscopic abstraction in existing the VCC literature, the authors adopt a zooming-in approach to identify distinct patterns of contingency factors in the collaborative value-formation process.

Findings

From a macro-social perspective, VCC may connote a sense of exploitation of “consumers” and a need for consumer control of “producers”, impeding harmonious value formation. Zooming into actor-to-actor interactions, the collaborative relationship is found to be a source of uncertainties in value formation, which is further complicated by differences in the knowledge intensities of services. Finally, reviewing the individual consumer reveals a most nuanced picture that demonstrates heterogeneities of consumers’ VCC involvement and complexities in their perceptions and behaviours. Five propositions and a contingency framework are proposed.

Research limitations/implications

Six value formation mechanisms are proposed based on interconnected and multi-level perspectives, providing implications for managers and future researchers.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to rebalancing VCC research by synthesising insights on the potential contingencies, which are relatively under-explored yet vital to keep the controversy alive and relevant, and re-invigorating business processes.
Delayed cerebral ischaemia in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: Functional outcome and long‐term mortality
Authors: Olsen Markus Harboe , Orre Matias , Leisner Anna Cold Winge , Rasmussen Rune , Bache Søren , Welling Karen‐Lise , Eskesen Vagn , Møller Kirsten
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Delayed cerebral ischaemia (DCI) is one of the most frequent complications of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH). The purpose of the present retrospective cohort study of patients with aSAH was to identify the association between DCI, functional outcome and 4‐year mortality.

Methods

Patients admitted to the Neurointensive Care Unit at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, with aSAH from 1 January 2010, through 31 December 2013 were registered. Patients were categorized into 3 groups: (a) those with DCI, defined as either a decline in consciousness or focal neurological deficits lasting ≥1 hour without any other detectable cause, (b) those without DCI, or (c) those who were unassessable for DCI. Functional neurological outcome after 6 months, as measured by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), was dichotomized into good (mRS 0‐2) and poor (mRS 3‐6). Kaplan‐Meier survival curves were constructed, and incidence risk rates were calculated both to determine the association between DCI and mortality.

Results

Four hundred ninety‐two cases of aSAH were recorded in the study period. DCI occurred in 23% of all patients, corresponding to 33% of assessable patients. Patients without DCI had the best functional outcome (mRS) compared to patients with DCI and patients who were unassessable; furthermore, the latter had worse outcomes than patients with DCI. Patients diagnosed with DCI had significantly higher mortality than those without DCI, even ignoring the first 14 days after admission.

Conclusion

DCI may be associated with both short‐ and long‐term morbidity and mortality in patients with aSAH.
Latent Space Physics: Towards Learning the Temporal Evolution of Fluid Flow
Authors: Wiewel S. , Becher M. , Thuerey N.
Published: June 2019

We propose a method for the data‐driven inference of temporal evolutions of physical functions with deep learning. More specifically, we target fluid flow problems, and we propose a novel LSTM‐based approach to predict the changes of the pressure field over time. The central challenge in this context is the high dimensionality of Eulerian space‐time data sets. We demonstrate for the first time that dense 3D+time functions of physics system can be predicted within the latent spaces of neural networks, and we arrive at a neural‐network based simulation algorithm with significant practical speed‐ups. We highlight the capabilities of our method with a series of complex liquid simulations, and with a set of single‐phase buoyancy simulations. With a set of trained networks, our method is more than two orders of magnitudes faster than a traditional pressure solver. Additionally, we present and discuss a series of detailed evaluations for the different components of our algorithm.
Elastic Correspondence between Triangle Meshes
Authors: Ezuz D. , Heeren B. , Azencot O. , Rumpf M. , Ben‐Chen M.
Published: June 2019

We propose a novel approach for shape matching between triangular meshes that, in contrast to existing methods, can match crease features. Our approach is based on a hybrid optimization scheme, that solves simultaneously for an elastic deformation of the source and its projection on the target. The elastic energy we minimize is invariant to rigid body motions, and its non‐linear membrane energy component favors locally injective maps. Symmetrizing this model enables feature aligned correspondences even for non‐isometric meshes. We demonstrate the advantage of our approach over state of the art methods on isometric and non‐isometric datasets, where we improve the geodesic distance from the ground truth, the conformal and area distortions, and the mismatch of the mean curvature functions. Finally, we show that our computed maps are applicable for surface interpolation, consistent cross‐field computation, and consistent quadrangular remeshing of a set of shapes.
Neural BTF Compression and Interpolation
Authors: Rainer Gilles , Jakob Wenzel , Ghosh Abhijeet , Weyrich Tim
Published: June 2019

The Bidirectional Texture Function (BTF) is a data‐driven solution to render materials with complex appearance. A typical capture contains tens of thousands of images of a material sample under varying viewing and lighting conditions. While capable of faithfully recording complex light interactions in the material, the main drawback is the massive memory requirement, both for storing and rendering, making effective compression of BTF data a critical component in practical applications. Common compression schemes used in practice are based on matrix factorization techniques, which preserve the discrete format of the original dataset. While this approach generalizes well to different materials, rendering with the compressed dataset still relies on interpolating between the closest samples. Depending on the material and the angular resolution of the BTF, this can lead to blurring and ghosting artefacts. An alternative approach uses analytic model fitting to approximate the BTF data, using continuous functions that naturally interpolate well, but whose expressive range is often not wide enough to faithfully recreate materials with complex non‐local lighting effects (subsurface scattering, inter‐reflections, shadowing and masking…). In light of these observations, we propose a neural network‐based BTF representation inspired by autoencoders: our encoder compresses each texel to a small set of latent coefficients, while our decoder additionally takes in a light and view direction and outputs a single RGB vector at a time. This allows us to continuously query reflectance values in the light and view hemispheres, eliminating the need for linear interpolation between discrete samples. We train our architecture on fabric BTFs with a challenging appearance and compare to standard PCA as a baseline. We achieve competitive compression ratios and high‐quality interpolation/extrapolation without blurring or ghosting artifacts.
Controlling Motion Blur in Synthetic Long Time Exposures
Authors: Lancelle M. , Dogan P. , Gross M.
Published: June 2019

In a photo, motion blur can be used as an artistic style to convey motion and to direct attention. In panning or tracking shots, a moving object of interest is followed by the camera during a relatively long exposure. The goal is to get a blurred background while keeping the object sharp. Unfortunately, it can be difficult to impossible to precisely follow the object. Often, many attempts or specialized physical setups are needed.

This paper presents a novel approach to create such images. For capturing, the user is only required to take a casually recorded hand‐held video that roughly follows the object. Our algorithm then produces a single image which simulates a stabilized long time exposure. This is achieved by first warping all frames such that the object of interest is aligned to a reference frame. Then, optical flow based frame interpolation is used to reduce ghosting artifacts from temporal undersampling. Finally, the frames are averaged to create the result.

As our method avoids segmentation and requires little to no user interaction, even challenging sequences can be processed successfully. In addition, artistic control is available in a number of ways. The effect can also be applied to create videos with an exaggerated motion blur. Results are compared with previous methods and ground truth simulations. The effectiveness of our method is demonstrated by applying it to hundreds of datasets. The most interesting results are shown in the paper and in the supplemental material.
A CNN‐based Flow Correction Method for Fast Preview
Authors: Xiao Xiangyun , Wang Hui , Yang Xubo
Published: June 2019

Eulerian‐based smoke simulations are sensitive to the initial parameters and grid resolutions. Due to the numerical dissipation on different levels of the grid and the nonlinearity of the governing equations, the differences in simulation resolutions will result in different results. This makes it challenging for artists to preview the animation results based on low‐resolution simulations. In this paper, we propose a learning‐based flow correction method for fast previewing based on low‐resolution smoke simulations. The main components of our approach lie in a deep convolutional neural network, a grid‐layer feature vector and a special loss function. We provide a novel matching model to represent the relationship between low‐resolution and high‐resolution smoke simulations and correct the overall shape of a low‐resolution simulation to closely follow the shape of a high‐resolution down‐sampled version. We introduce the grid‐layer concept to effectively represent the 3D fluid shape, which can also reduce the input and output dimensions. We design a special loss function for the fluid divergence‐free constraint in the neural network training process. We have demonstrated the efficacy and the generality of our approach by simulating a diversity of animations deviating from the original training set. In addition, we have integrated our approach into an existing fluid simulation framework to showcase its wide applications.
A Survey on Gradient‐Domain Rendering
Authors: Hua Binh‐Son , Gruson Adrien , Petitjean Victor , Zwicker Matthias , Nowrouzezahrai Derek , Eisemann Elmar , Hachisuka Toshiya
Published: June 2019

Monte Carlo methods for physically‐based light transport simulation are broadly adopted in the feature film production, animation and visual effects industries. These methods, however, often result in noisy images and have slow convergence. As such, improving the convergence of Monte Carlo rendering remains an important open problem. Gradient‐domain light transport is a recent family of techniques that can accelerate Monte Carlo rendering by up to an order of magnitude, leveraging a gradient‐based estimation and a reformulation of the rendering problem as an image reconstruction. This state of the art report comprehensively frames the fundamentals of gradient‐domain rendering, as well as the pragmatic details behind practical gradient‐domain uniand bidirectional path tracing and photon density estimation algorithms. Moreover, we discuss the various image reconstruction schemes that are crucial to accurate and stable gradient‐domain rendering. Finally, we benchmark various gradient‐domain techniques against the state‐of‐the‐art in denoising methods before discussing open problems.
Effects of clinical local factors on thickness and morphology of Schneiderian membrane: A retrospective clinical study
Authors: Ramanauskaite Ausra , Ataman‐Duruel Emel T. , Duruel Onurcem , Tözüm Melek D. , Yildirim Tuba T. , Tözüm Tolga F.
Published: June 2019

Background

It was informed that the thickness of maxillary sinus membrane may be affected by the local and patient‐related factors in the literature.

Purpose

The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate factors that may have an influence of the thickness and morphology of the maxillary sinus membrane.

Materials and Methods

A total of 414 cone beam computed tomography images of 207 patients were evaluated. Radiographic parameters were evaluated at each maxillary premolar and molar tooth regions. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the association between the maxillary sinus mucosa thickness and morphology. The following factors including gender, periodontal bone loss (PBL), bone density, amount of residual alveolar bone at the edentulous space, vitality of the teeth present, and anatomical relationship between the sinus floor and posterior teeth were evaluated.

Results

The mean thickness of maxillary sinus membrane ranged between 1.47 to 2.92 mm and was significantly thicker in male subjects (P < .05). Positive correlation was detected between the sinus membrane thickness values in each posterior tooth region (P < .05). Thickening of the membrane was noted in 53% of the scans. The most commonly observed morphological change was flat thickening of the membrane (21%). No correlation was found between the evaluated local factors on the thickness and morphology of the maxillary sinus membrane (P > .05).

Conclusions

Tooth vitality, residual alveolar bone height, and PBL seem to have no effect on the thickness and morphology of the maxillary sinus membrane.
Contact urticaria: Frequency, elicitors and cofactors in three cohorts (Information Network of Departments of Dermatology; Network of Anaphylaxis; and Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany)
Authors: Süß Helene , Dölle‐Bierke Sabine , Geier Johannes , Kreft Burkhard , Oppel Eva , Pföhler Claudia , Skudlik Christoph , Worm Margitta , Mahler Vera
Published: June 2019

Background

Contact urticaria (CU) is an infrequent, mostly occupational disease that may be life‐threatening (CU syndrome stage 4).

Objectives

To identify the current frequency, elicitors and cofactors of CU.

Patients

Three cohorts were retrospectively analysed for CU: (a) patients from the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) database (2000‐2014; n = 159 947); (b) patients from an allergy unit (Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, 2000‐2015; n = 4741); and (c) patients from the Anaphylaxis Registry (2007‐2015: 6365 reported cases, including 2473 patients with Ring and Messmer grade III‐IV reactions) for severe cases with skin/mucosal manifestations occurring at the workplace vs cases not occurring at the workplace (n = 68 vs n = 1821).

Results

Four hundred and forty‐eight CU patients (0.28%) were diagnosed in the IVDK cohort, and 16 (0.34%) (10 of immunological aetiology, and 6 of non‐immunological aetiology) in the Erlangen cohort. The most frequent elicitors in the IVDK cohort were cosmetics, creams, sun protection agents (although these were less frequent in CU patients than in controls without CU; 26.8% vs 35.6%, P < .0001), and gloves (significantly more frequent in CU patients than in controls; 18.1% vs 6.5%, P < .0001). The most frequent elicitors in the Erlangen cohort were natural rubber latex and sorbic acid. Among the MOAHLFA index characteristics, in both cohorts occupational disease was more common in CU patients than in patients without CU. CU was significantly associated with allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma. Wet work was a relevant cofactor. In the Anaphylaxis Registry, 19 cases (0.3%) were identified with severe reactions including skin symptoms at the workplace linked to common occupational elicitors.

Conclusions

CU is a rare occupational skin manifestation with a frequency of <0.4% in the examined patients; it may, however, progress to anaphylaxis. Preventive measures are important, and should take into account the identified elicitors and cofactors.
Association between features of COPD and risk of venous thromboembolism
Authors: Dong Weigang , Zhu Yaqian , Du Yan , Ma Shuping
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) events. A detailed understanding of which clinical features of COPD increase risk of VTE events is needed.

Objectives

To investigate the association between features of COPD and risk of venous thromboembolism.

Methods

A retrospective observational clinical study was conducted on 551 consecutive COPD patients visiting the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Tianjin Chest Hospital between February 2014 and April 2018. Finally, 151 patients were eligible for inclusion. Of these, 29 patients had COPD with VTE and 121 patients had COPD without VTE. Patient informations regarding age, gender, BMI, smoking history, smoking status (package/year), COPD‐related symptoms, lung function, number of acute exacerbations and imaging visual emphysema were gathered.

Results

Among the 29 VTE patients, 18 patients had PE and five had DVT, while 6 patients had simultaneous PE and DVT. There were statistically significant differences in GOLD grade, Imaging visual emphysema, and frequent acute exacerbations between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjustment for gender, age, BMI and smoking history, there were statistically significant for visible emphysema (OR = 3.54, 95% CI: 1.13‐11.08; P = 0.03) and GOLD grade (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.04‐3.01; P = 0.035), but not for frequent acute exacerbations (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 0.62‐4.38; P = 0.31).

Conclusions

Visual emphysema is an independent risk factor for VTE events and the risk of VTE in COPD patients increases with the degree of airway obstruction. However, there is no evidence of an association between exacerbation frequency and VTE events.
Efficacy and safety of ipragliflozin add‐on therapy to insulin in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A randomized, double‐blind, phase 3 trial
Authors: Kaku Kohei , Isaka Hiroyuki , Sakatani Taishi , Toyoshima Junko
Published: June 2019

Aim

To assess the efficacy and safety of once‐daily ipragliflozin 50 mg versus placebo in Japanese people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) inadequately controlled with insulin.

Materials and methods

We conducted a multicentre, double‐blind, parallel‐group, placebo‐controlled phase 3 study. Participants (N = 175) were randomized (2:1) to receive once‐daily ipragliflozin 50 mg (n = 115) or placebo (n = 60), combined with insulin, for 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c); key secondary endpoints included change in insulin dose and body weight. Treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were evaluated.

Results

The ipragliflozin group demonstrated a significant decrease in HbA1c from baseline to end of treatment versus the placebo group: adjusted mean difference (AMD) −3.8 mmol/mol (95% confidence interval [CI] −6.2, −1.5) or − 0.36% (95% CI −0.57, −0.14; P = 0.001). Significant reductions in total daily insulin dose (AMD −7.35 IU [95% CI −9.09, −5.61]; P < 0.001) and body weight (AMD −2.87 kg [95% CI −3.58, −2.16]; P < 0.001) were observed for the ipragliflozin group versus placebo. Two serious TEAEs occurred (major hypoglycaemia and abdominal abscess); both were in the placebo group. All other TEAEs were mild or moderate in severity. Four cases of study discontinuation occurred; three in the placebo group and one in the ipragliflozin group. No diabetic ketoacidosis was reported for any participant in this study.

Conclusions

Daily ipragliflozin 50 mg in combination with insulin significantly reduced HbA1c, daily insulin dose and body weight versus placebo in people with T1DM. No safety concerns were identified after 24 weeks of treatment. Overall, once‐daily ipragliflozin 50 mg was both efficacious and well tolerated.
Histological assessment of stromal maturity as a prognostic factor in surgically treated gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kemi Niko A , Eskuri Maarit , Pohjanen Vesa‐Matti , Karttunen Tuomo J , Kauppila Joonas H
Published: June 2019

Aims

Histological assessment of stromal maturity is a potential prognostic factor in colorectal cancer, but its applicability in gastric adenocarcinoma is completely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and prognostic significance of assessing stromal maturity in gastric adenocarcinoma.

Methods and results

This study was conducted retrospectively in a cohort of 583 gastric adenocarcinoma patients treated surgically in Oulu University Hospital, Finland between 1983 and 2016. The original diagnostic slides were used for assessment of stromal maturity. Patients were divided into mature stroma and immature stroma groups, and stromal maturity was analysed in relation to 5‐year and overall survival (OS). The primary outcome of the study was 5‐year survival, and the secondary outcome was OS. The kappa‐coefficient for interobserver agreement was 0.609. Patients with immature stroma had worse 5‐year survival compared to patients with mature stroma [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.06–1.64]. Stromal maturity was significantly associated with 5‐year survival in intestinal‐type subgroup (adjusted HR = 0.63, 95% CI = 1.20–2.21), but not in the diffuse‐type subgroup (adjusted HR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.87–1.70).

Conclusions

Stromal maturity is an independent prognostic factor in gastric adenocarcinoma, and it can be analysed with moderate reproducibility.
Stevens‐Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis – retrospective review of cases in a high complexity hospital in Brazil
Authors: Medeiros Marcella P. , Carvalho Caroline H. C. , Santi Cláudia G. , Avancini Joao
Published: June 2019

Background

Stevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are rare conditions characterized by epidermal necrosis, mostly caused by drugs. Despite the rarity of these conditions, morbidity and mortality are high (even in previously healthy patients), and they may be associated with permanent sequelae.

Methods

A retrospective study conducted at a quaternary hospital in Brazil in a period of 10 years.

Results

The sample was composed by 41 patients with SJS, SJS/TEN, and TEN confirmed by skin biopsy. Antibiotics and anticonvulsants were the most frequently implied drug classes, and phenytoin was the most important individual culprit drug. In this study, 12.2% of the patients had sequelae, being ophthalmological lesions the most common and one case of a newly described hearing loss. The mortality rate was 16.7% in patients with TEN.

Conclusions

This study describes the largest Latin American case series of SJS and TEN with the diagnosis proven by skin biopsy and adds important data regarding the profile of the disease in Brazil. It also describes a novel sequelae of hearing loss.
Carotenoids and lipophilic antioxidant capacities of tomato purées as affected by high hydrostatic pressure processing
Authors: Jeż Maja , Błaszczak Wioletta , Zielińska Danuta , Wiczkowski Wiesław , Białobrzewski Ireneusz
Published: June 2019

The effect of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) (450–550–650 MPa/5–10–15 min) on the carotenoid profile of purées obtained from commercial tomato varieties (Maliniak, Cerise, Black Prince and Lima) was investigated. The carotenoids profile was analysed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC‐DAD). Photochemiluminescence (PCLACL), ferric‐reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) assays were used to determine the antioxidant capacity of the lipophilic extracts. The results demonstrated that at certain processing conditions, HHP distinctly enhanced antioxidant capacity of the studied material. A significant reduction in lycopene and β‐Carotene concentration was observed for all the HHP‐treated purées. In contrast, lutein found in the purée extracts of Cerise and Black Prince tomatoes was slightly affected at 550 MPa/5 min and 650 MPa/5 min. Among all the carotenoids studied, lutein strongly and significantly affected PCLACL and CV parameters. In contrast, lycopene had a negligible effect on the examined parameters.
Synthetic phosphoserine dimer attenuates lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammatory response in human intestinal epithelial cells via activation of NF‐κB and MAPKs cell signalling pathways
Authors: Zhang Hua , Xu Cai Na , Mine Yoshinori
Published: June 2019

Previous studies have shown that phosvitin phosphopeptides could exert anti‐inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated small intestine epithelial cells. However, the role of phosphopeptides in inflammation‐related cell signalling pathways remains to be elucidated. Here, the anti‐inflammation effect of a synthetic phosphoserine dimer (2PS) in cell signalling pathways were evaluated by PCR array and immunoblotting assays. Our results showed that 2PS led to reduced secretion of LPS‐induced IL‐8 in a dose‐dependent manner, and downregulation of the mRNA expression of pro‐inflammation cytokines in HT‐29 cell cultures, including IL‐8, IL‐6, IL‐12, TNF‐α and MCP‐1. Compared to LPS alone, treatment with 2PS + LPS exerted downregulation of gene expression in the TLR4‐related cell signalling pathway, including MyD88, IRAK1, IKKε and IKKγ, as well as transcription factors RELs, JUN, and FOS. At the protein level, cell treatment with 2PS led to a decline in LPS‐induced phosphorylation of IκB, ERK1/2, and p‐38 MAPKs. Our results indicate that 2PS attenuates LPS‐induced inflammation through down‐regulation of NF‐κB pathway and inhibition of MAPKs phosphorylation.
A physical therapist’s role in pain management: A biopsychosocial perspective
Authors: Edgerton Kara , Hall Jarod , Bland Michelle K. , Marshall Blaine , Hulla Ryan , Gatchel Robert J.
Published: June 2019

Aim

People suffering with chronic pain have a decreased quality of life in both the physical and psychosocial dimensions. Popular treatment methods for a chronic pain patient are opioid prescriptions and surgery, which may not be beneficial to long‐term outcomes in chronic pain patients, and may actually result in reducing a patient's overall health.

Purpose

This review will examine the role of the physical therapist in treating chronic pain patients in regard to the biopsychosocial model. Reviewing chronic pain through a biopsychosocial perspective, screening, evaluation, intervention selection, and problems with programs adherence in regard to chronic pain patients in physical therapy will be discussed. Psychosocial components of chronic pain including fear of movement and depression are also examined in how they can hinder or interfere with physical therapy treatment and evaluation.

Conclusion

When treating chronic pain patients, applying the biopsychosocial perspective to physical therapy with a focus on restoring physical function could provide the least invasive treatment for chronic pain patients with optimal outcomes.
Development and Pilot of the National Child Traumatic Stress Network Trauma‐Informed Juvenile Court Self‐Assessment
Authors: Pickens Isaiah B. , Howard Michael L. , Halladay‐Goldman Jane , Cruise Keith R. , Watson Kate R.
Published: June 2019

Trauma‐informed practices in the juvenile justice system are increasingly recognized as effective for promoting public safety through case management, rehabilitation, and treatment that is responsive to a traumatic event exposure and current trauma reactions. As court systems explore integration of trauma‐informed practices, tools for identifying best practices and strategically implementing trauma‐informed approaches are integral for judges and court administrators aiming to develop trauma‐informed courts. The current paper reviews the National Child Traumatic Stress Network's development of the Trauma‐Informed Juvenile Court Self‐Assessment (TI‐JCSA). Implications for self‐guided strategies to shift court practices and policies to align with trauma‐informed approaches will be discussed.
A study of efficacy and safety of high‐intensity focused ultrasound for the treatment of melasma in Asians: A single‐blinded, randomized, split‐face, pilot study
Authors: Vachiramon Vasanop , Iamsumang Wimolsiri , Chanasumon Nongsak , Thadanipon Kunlawat , Triyangkulsri Korn
Published: June 2019

Background

A recent report suggested potential of high‐intensity focused ultrasound in improving UVB‐induced hyperpigmentation in patients with Fitzpatrick skin type IV, but reports regarding its efficacy in other hyperpigmented conditions including melasma are lacking.

Objectives

To investigate efficacy and safety of high‐intensity focused ultrasound for the treatment of melasma in Asians.

Methods

Each side of the face of 25 melasma patients was randomized to receive 3‐monthly sessions of high‐intensity focused ultrasound treatment or serve as control. Lightness index, Melasma Area and Severity Index of malar area (MASIm) by blinded dermatologists, self‐evaluated improvement and satisfaction scales by patients, and side effects were assessed every 4 weeks for 20 weeks.

Results

Twenty‐one patients with Fitzpatrick skin type III and IV completed the study. There was a greater reduction of relative lightness index and MASIm after treatment in high‐intensity focused ultrasound‐treated side. However, there were no statistically significant differences between both sides. More than 50% improvement on treatment side was rated in 11 patients (52.4%). Side effects were minimal. None had worsening of melasma.

Conclusions

High‐intensity focused ultrasound may be an adjuvant for treatment of melasma. Further studies with larger sample size and proper parameter settings are recommended to determine its efficacy.
Malignant transformation rate of oral leukoplakia in an Australian population
Authors: Shearston Kate , Fateh Behrooz , Tai Shixiong , Hove Dzikamai , Farah Camile S.
Published: June 2019

Objectives

Oral leukoplakia (OLK) is one of the most common oral potentially malignant lesions (OPMD) and is reported to undergo malignant transformation (MT) to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) at rates of between 0.13% and 34%. This study seeks to determine the proportion of OLK lesions that develop into OSCC in an Australian population and assess the risk factors associated with this transformation.

Methods

The study is a retrospective audit of patients from a private oral medicine clinic, diagnosed with OLK using clinical and histopathological data between 2006 and 2014. Patients were cross‐matched with Cancer Registry data for OSCC, and the rate and time to malignant transformation were determined.

Results

Oral leukoplakia patients with histopathological confirmation of their lesions underwent MT at a rate of 1.49% (3/202), with an average time to MT (TMT) of 5.2 years. When patients without histopathological confirmation were assessed, the MT rate was slightly less (1.30%; 4.9 years TMT). Patients who transformed were more likely to be older females with a history of smoking and alcohol use, with OLK present on the tongue or floor of mouth. The rate of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) in the transformed group was surprisingly low (one third).

Conclusions

Oral leukoplakia is at a moderate risk of malignant transformation which can be reduced by careful management. Current tools for identifying high‐risk OLK, including histopathological assessment of OED, may not capture all lesions that undergo MT and should be supplemented by unbiased molecular biomarkers.
Personality‐achievement associations in adolescence—examining associations across grade levels and learning environments
Authors: Tetzner Julia , Becker Michael , Brandt Naemi D.
Published: June 2019

Objective

This study examined associations between the five‐factor personality traits and indicators of academic achievement (grades and test scores). A particular aim was to investigate whether personality‐achievement associations differ between primary and secondary educational contexts and whether these differences vary between differential learning environments, that is academic versus nonacademic secondary schools.

Method

We used two representative random samples from Germany:N = 3,658 6th graders in their last year of primary school andN = 2,129 9th graders attending different secondary school tracks (n = 566 academic track students;n = 1,563 nonacademic track students).

Results

First, our results confirmed positive associations between Conscientiousness, Openness, Extraversion, and Agreeableness and academic achievement as well as negative associations between academic achievement and Neuroticism. Second, associations with Conscientiousness were more pronounced for school grades than for test scores. Third, associations were higher for 6th than for 9th graders in the overall sample for all personality traits with the exception of Openness. Fourth, personality‐achievement associations differed between academic and nonacademic track students.

Conclusion

In sum, our results suggest the need for an educational stage‐specific perspective and contextually sensitive approach when examining personality‐achievement associations.
Effect of adding crude glycerine to diets with feed additives on the feed intake, ruminal degradability, volatile fatty acid concentrations and in vitro gas production of feedlot Nellore cattle
Authors: Almeida Marco Tulio C. , Paschoaloto Josimari R. , Perez Henrique L. , Carvalho Vanessa B. , Homem Junior Antonio C. , Favaro Vanessa R. , Blair Hugh T. , Ezequiel Jane M. B.
Published: June 2019

The effects of adding crude glycerine with sodium monensin or essential oils to beef cattle diets on the intake, degradability of DM and nutrients, rumen concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and in vitro gas production were evaluated. Five ruminally cannulated Nellore steers were randomly assigned to a 5 × 5 Latin square design. The treatments were as follows: CONT, without crude glycerine and additives; EO, with essential oils and without crude glycerine; MON, with sodium monensin and without crude glycerine; EOG, with essential oils and crude glycerine; MONG, with sodium monensin and crude glycerine. Treatments with essential oil and sodium monensin increased the NDF and STC intake and the DM degradability. When crude glycerine was combined with either sodium monensin or essential oil, there was a reduction in DM, NDF and STC intake and an increase in DM and CP degradability of the diets. The adding crude glycerine to essential oil diets reduced the CH4 production. Sodium monensin treatments reduced DM and NDF intake and the production of total gas, CH4, total VFA and acetic acid concentration. In conclusion, the adding crude glycerine (200 g/kg DM) with either sodium monensin (0.03 g/kg DM) or essential oil (0.5 g/kg DM) can be utilized in diets for Nellore cattle without causing detrimental effects on feed intake and improving the DM degradability.
Patient‐reported outcomes in patients chronic viral hepatitis without cirrhosis: The impact of hepatitis B and C viral replication
Authors: Younossi Zobair M. , Stepanova Maria , Younossi Issah , Papatheodoridis George , Janssen Harry L.A. , Agarwal Kosh , Nguyen Mindie H. , Gane Ed , Tsai Naoky , Nader Fatema
Published: June 2019

Background & Aim

Chronic infections with hepatitis B or C (HBV and HCV) are associated with adverse clinical outcomes and patient‐reported outcomes (PROs). The aim is to compare PRO scores in patients with chronic HBV and HCV without advanced liver disease before and after suppression/clearance of their infection.

Methods

Patients with HCV and HBV infection prior to initiation of antiviral treatment and after viral suppression/eradication completed PRO questionnaires.

Results

We included 132 patients with HBV and 132 matched patients with HCV. Baseline PRO scores were significantly higher in patients with HBV in the domains of Physical Functioning, Role Physical, Bodily Pain, Social Functioning, and Role Emotional of SF‐36, SF‐6D utility, Emotional and Fatigue domains of CLDQ, Presenteeism and total Work Productivity Impairment of WPAI:SHP in comparison to patients with HCV by 5.8%‐13.2% of a PRO score range (all P < 0.05). After viral suppression (HBV DNA < 20 IU/mL after 48 weeks of treatment for HBV) or eradication (SVR‐12 for HCV), only Physical Functioning and Role Physical scores remained higher in HBV by 6.7%‐9.9%, while other PRO scores became similar between HBV and HCV groups (P > 0.05). The most prominent improvement of PROs in HCV was noted in Vitality, Emotional, Fatigue and Worry domains. In addition, General Health, Worry and Work Productivity scores were the most improved in HBV.

Conclusions

Prior to treatment, PRO scores were lower in patients with HCV in comparison to HBV. After successful treatment, both groups of patients experienced improvement in some PRO domains confirming the positive impact of treatment.
Diversity of Lyme borreliosis spirochetes isolated from ticks in Serbia
Authors: Ćakić S. , Veinović G. , Cerar T. , Mihaljica D. , Sukara R. , Ružić‐Sabljić E. , Tomanović S.
Published: June 2019

Spirochetes from the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.). (Spirochaetales: Spirochaetaceae) species complex, including the causative agents of Lyme borreliosis, have been isolated from ticks, vertebrate reservoirs and humans. Previous analyses based on direct molecular detection in ticks indicated a considerable diversity of B. burgdorferi s.l. complex in Serbia. The present study aimed (a) to isolate borrelia strains from Serbia; (b) to determine their genotypic characteristics; and (c) to establish a collection of viable B. burgdorferi s.l. strains for further biological, ecological and genetic studies. For the present study, 231 adult Ixodes ricinus (Ixodida: Ixodidae) ticks from 16 ecologically different localities in Serbia were individually processed to cultivate B. burgdorferi s.l. This led to the isolation of 36 strains. A hbb gene quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on melting temperature determination and ospA gene sequencing were used to genotype the isolated spirochetes. The species identified based on the hbb gene real‐time PCR were: Borrelia lusitaniae (44.4%), Borrelia afzelii (36.1%), Borrelia garinii (13.9%) and Borrelia valaisiana (5.6%), whereas the ospA sequence analysis revealed the occurrence of Borrelia bavariensis. This is the first report of the isolation of B. lusitaniae, B. garinii, B. bavariensis and B. valaisiana strains in Serbia.
Comparative analysis of pollen release biomechanics in Thalictrum: implications for evolutionary transitions between animal and wind pollination
Authors: Timerman David , Barrett Spencer C. H.
Published: June 2019

Transitions from animal to wind pollination have occurred repeatedly in flowering plants, driven by structural and biomechanical modifications to flowers. But the initial changes promoting wind pollination are poorly understood, especially those required to release pollen into airflows – the critical first stage of wind pollination.

Using a wind tunnel, we performed a comparative study of pollen release biomechanics in 36 species of animal‐ and wind‐pollinated Thalictrum. We quantified pollination syndromes and stamen natural frequency (fn), a key vibration parameter, to determine if floral traits reliably predicted pollen release probability. We then investigated if pollen release was caused by wind‐induced resonance vibration of stamens.

We detected wind‐induced stamen resonance in 91% of species and a strong effect of stamen acceleration on pollen release, inversely driven by fn. However, unlike fn, pollination syndromes did not reliably predict the probability of pollen release among species.

Our results directly link fn to the capacity of stamens to release pollen by wind and suggest that structural mechanisms reducing fn are likely to be important for initiating transitions from animal to wind pollination. Our inability to predict the probability of pollen release based on pollination syndromes suggests diverse phenotypic trajectories from animal to wind pollination.
PAX7nucleotide variants and the risk of non‐syndromic orofacial clefts in the Polish population
Authors: Gaczkowska Agnieszka , Biedziak Barbara , Budner Margareta , Zadurska Małgorzata , Lasota Agnieszka , Hozyasz Kamil K. , Dąbrowska Justyna , Wójcicki Piotr , Szponar‐Żurowska Anna , Żukowski Kacper , Jagodziński Paweł P. , Mostowska Adrianna
Published: June 2019

Objective

The etiology of non‐syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (nsCL/P) is multifactorial, heterogeneous, and still not completely understood. The aim of the present study was to examine the associations between common and rarePAX7nucleotide variants and the risk of this common congenital anomaly in a Polish population.

Subjects and methods

Eight top nsCL/P‐associatedPAX7 variants identified in our cleft genome‐wide association study (GWAS) were selected for replication analysis in an independent group of patients and controls (n = 247 andn = 445, respectively). In addition, mutation screening of thePAX7protein‐coding region was conducted.

Results

Analysis of the pooled data from the GWAS and replication study confirmed that commonPAX7nucleotide variants are significantly associated with the increased risk of nsCL/P. The strongest individual variant was rs1339062 (c.586 + 15617T > C) with ap‐value = 2.47E−05 (OR = 1.4, 95%CI: 1.20–1.64). Sequencing analysis identified a novel synonymousPAX7substitution (c.87G > A, p.Val29Val) in a single patient with nsCLP. This transition located in the early exonic position was predicted to disrupt potential splice enhancer elements.

Conclusion

Our study confirmed thatPAX7is a strong candidate gene for nsCL/P. Nucleotide variants of this gene contribute to the etiology of nsCL/P in the homogenous Polish population.
Calculation of the geometrical point‐spread function from wavefront aberrations
Authors: Thibos Larry N
Published: June 2019

Purpose

This report uses the principles of geometrical optics to compute the optical point‐spread function (PSF) from the wavefront error function.

Method

Step 1 uses Prentice's rule to determine the spatial form of the PSF established by tracing a field of rays from the eye's exit pupil to the retina. Ray vergence is related to the slope of the wavefront error function, which enables the mapping of light rays to produce a retinal ‘spot diagram’. Step 2 completes the PSF by assigning an irradiance value to each ray in the spot diagram.

Results and Conclusions

Spot irradiance is inversely proportional to the Gaussian curvature (i.e. the product of principal curvatures) of each local region of wavefront error surface centered on the corresponding ray. The Gaussian curvature, in turn, may be computed as the determinant of the vergence error matrix associated with each point on the wavefront error surface. Elements of the vergence error matrix consist of sums and differences of the local power vector components M, J0 and J45. This method is shown to be equivalent to published derivations of the geometric PSF using the Jacobian of the ray mapping function and equivalent also to the Hessian of the wavefront error function. Examples are presented for the familiar cases of spherical and astigmatic blur as well as for higher order aberrations and the formation of caustics in the retinal image.
Does transformational leadership stimulate user orientation? Evidence from a field experiment
Authors: Bro Louise Ladegaard , Jensen Ulrich Thy
Published: June 2019

While doing good for specific citizens and users is often considered a powerful motivator among public service employees, little research has rigorously evaluated how public managers can promote individualized prosocial motivation. We follow recent studies on the behavioural implications of ‘user orientation’ to explore how public managers can use a specific leadership strategy—transformational leadership—to reinforce employees' individualized prosocial motivation. Combining a field experiment with 80 childcare centre managers and survey reports from their 590 preschool teachers, we assess the effect of a transformational leadership training programme on user orientation. The results show a positive effect on user orientation three months after the training programme but no persistent effect 15 months after the intervention. This implies that, at least in the short term, public managers can use transformational leadership behaviours to stimulate user orientation.
Pain Characteristics and Their Relationship With Motor Dysfunction in Individuals With Parkinson Disease—A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: de Mattos Danielle C. , Meziat Filho Ney A. , Pedron Carla A. , Vasconcellos Luiz F. , Nogueira Leandro A. C. , de Oliveira Laura Alice Santos
Published: June 2019

Background

Pain is a common symptom in Parkinson disease (PD).

Objectives

To analyze the relationship between pain and motor dysfunction in individuals with PD.

Methods

Fifty‐four individuals with PD were screened: Hoehn and Yahr scale score = 2.5 (1 to 4); median (range) age in the “on” period of anti‐Parkinson medication was 66 (44 to 85) years. Pain was assessed using King's Parkinson's Disease Pain Scale (KPPS) and the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). Performance in routine activities and motor function were assessed using Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS II and III); gait was assessed using the Dynamic Gait Index; and balance was assessed using the Mini‐BESTest.

Results

Thirty‐eight participants (70.3%) reported mild to moderate pain. A positive correlation was found between the total KPPS score and performance in general activities (UPDRS II) (rho = 0.29, P = 0.04); a negative correlation was found between pain intensity (BPI intensity) and motor function (UPDRS III; rho = −0.28, P = 0.04); and a negative correlation was found between pain intensity (BPI intensity) and the bradykinesia subscore of the UPDRS III (rho = −0.29, P = 0.04). There was no correlation between pain and gait performance or balance. The musculoskeletal pain was the predominant type (in 81.5% of subjects), followed by nocturnal pain (52.6%) and fluctuation‐related pain (47.3%). The most painful areas were lower limbs (33.0%) and shoulders/cervical area (31.0%). Twenty‐one of 38 participants (55.3%) reported pain interference in their working and walking ability and general activities.

Conclusions

Pain was weakly correlated with performance in general activities and with bradykinesia but was not correlated with the remaining classic motor PD symptoms, either gait or balance performance. Pain was a prevalent symptom in the present sample, and the individuals reported its interference with functionality.