bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ocular and adnexal manifestations post dengue hemorrhagic fever
Authors: Maan Veenu , Guha Subhamita , Sapra Himanshu , Chauhan Lokesh
Published: September 2024

Objective:

This study aims to present a case series detailing sight-threatening ocular and adnexal manifestations following dengue fever.

Methods:

A retrospective observational study was conducted, analyzing records of patients presenting with ocular manifestations post dengue fever at a tertiary eye care institute in Uttar Pradesh from October 2023 to November 2023. Demographic details, systemic comorbidities, and detailed ophthalmic examinations were recorded.

Results:

Fifteen eyes of 13 patients with dengue fever were studied. The mean age of presentation was 39.07 years, with a male predominance (84.61%). Systemic comorbidities were noted in 30.76% (diabetes mellitus) and 23.07% (hypertension) of patients. Thrombocytopenia was observed in 53.84% of patients, while 23.07% required blood transfusions, and 15.38% experienced systemic bleeding episodes. The majority of cases were unilateral (84.61%), with the best-corrected visual acuity of perception of light in 84.61% of cases. Diminution of vision was the most common presenting symptom (84.61%), followed by pain (53.84%), redness (38.46%), and watering (23.07%). Major ocular manifestations included panophthalmitis (26.07%), total ophthalmoplegia (26.07%), endogenous endophthalmitis (20%), central retinal artery occlusion (20%), retinal hemorrhage (20%), ischemic optic neuropathy (20%), orbital cellulitis (13.3%), proptosis (13.3%), retrobulbar hemorrhage (13.3%), retinal detachment (13.3%), and foveolitis (6.7%).

Conclusion:

The diverse array of ocular and adnexal manifestations in dengue hemorrhagic fever may result in permanent visual loss, emphasizing the need for adequate treatment and timely intervention. The risk of sight-threatening complications underscores the importance of early screening by ophthalmologists and increased public awareness.
Crutch glass assembly
Authors: Wadhwani Meenakshi , Kumar Vinod
Published: September 2024

There are a number of diseases that can compromise with the vision of an individual. For example, there are diseases that directly affect the movement of eyelids, in turn, affecting vision. Ptosis is one such disease that affects the functionality of the muscles that control the movement of the eyelids or their nerve supply. Consequently, an upper eyelid of the individual naturally droops or falls hindering the vision of the individual.
Audiological Profile of a Child with Landau–Kleffner Syndrome: A Clinical Case Study
Authors: Sao Tulsi , Kandra Toman Singh
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Landau–Kleffner syndrome (LKS) is a childhood language disorder characterized by the most frequently described forms of acquired epileptiform aphasia. LKS is a rare age-related epileptic encephalopathy that usually occurs between 3 and 7 years of age in children with previously normal speech and language development until the onset of convulsion. The prevalence of LKS is unclear. However, it is male predominance exits with 2:1. Various literatures reported that LKS syndrome has auditory processing impairment and few may have hearing loss, but symmetry and magnitude of hearing loss were unexplained.

Aim:

Audiological profile of a child with LKS: A clinical case study.

Materials and Methods:

All audiological tests such as tuning fork test, otoscopic examination, pure-tone audiometry, immittance audiometry, otoacoustic emission, and auditory brainstem response tests were administered.

Results:

Audiological objective diagnostic test indicated that LKS syndrome has normal hearing sensitivity in both the ears.

Conclusion:

Postlingual communication skills may get severely hampered in LKS. Hence, the inclusion of audiological diagnostic test battery will increase the chances of early identification, accurate referral, diagnosis, and monitoring of a child with LKS which is extremely important for a positive prognosis. Finally, it is important to remember the genetic nature of LKS syndrome and its effect on communication. Educational planning should take the prospect of future postlingual speech disorder into consideration.
Exploring Dizziness Symptom Profile for Preliminary Diagnosis of Vestibular Disorders
Authors: Bhatt Shubhnagi S. , Sarda Sharda Ajay
Published: September 2024

Background:

The dizziness symptom profile (DSP) is a case history-based questionnaire that can differentially diagnose patient with vertigo into vestibular disorder at a preliminary level.

Aim of the Study

The current study explored and compared response patterns on different questions/statements of DSP questionnaire after adapting it into the Indian Language Marathi for different vestibular disorders.

Methods:

A prospective exploratory study was conducted on a clinical population having vertigo or dizziness due to different vestibular disorders. A total of 60 patients with primary complaints of dizziness filled the Dizziness Symptom Profile - Marathi (DSP-M) questionnair which was adpated into Indian Marathi language from its original English version (DSP-E). Test–retest reliability and internal consistency of the item were assessed for the adapted questionnaire and different symptom patterns were analyzed for patients with four peripheral vestibular disorders.

Results:

DSP-M was found to have good test–retest reliability with intraclass correlation value of 0.683. Internal consistency for all the questions was found to be strong with a Cronbach alpha value of α = 0.92. DSP-M depicted a similar symptoms response pattern as described by the original author of the questionnaire nevertheless few variations were also found for patients with vestibular neuritis and vestibular migraine.

Conclusions:

DSP-M can be used for preliminary diagnosis of patients with these abovementioned vestibular disorders.
Positional Variations and Surgical Implications of Bony Overhangs in the External Auditory Canal
Authors: Basavanthappa Prahlada Nayaka , Singh Amardeep , Shetty Anusha S. , Thomas Oshin , Panchami  , Kamath Ramya Ravindra , Raisa S. , Prahlada Amulya Nayaka
Published: September 2024

Background:

This study examines the anatomical differences in the external auditory canal (EAC), particularly bony overhangs that hinder middle ear access, affecting diagnosis and surgical procedures. It seeks to categorize these overhangs for better surgical planning, offering a classification system essential for otologists and middle ear surgeons aiming at improved surgical outcomes.

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective analysis at a tertiary care hospital reviewed patient records and surgical videos from November 2017, focusing on otological procedures. Excluding individuals with EAC erosions or previous surgeries, it recorded demographics, diagnoses, and details of surgeries, including bony overhang locations. The study employed descriptive statistics, Chi-squared tests, and predictive analysis to explore the impact of bony overhangs on surgical requirements.

Results:

This study analyzed 333 ears from 305 patients undergoing middle ear and mastoid surgeries, finding a significant association between EAC types and bony overhang distribution, confirmed by a Chi-square test (P value ≈ 1.63 × 10 −83). Despite a predominance of female patients (59%), no significant correlation was observed between EAC types and patient age or gender. However, disease duration showed a significant relationship with EAC types, with predictive analysis indicating a high likelihood of requiring canalplasty for specific EAC configurations.

Conclusion:

Our research presents a clinical classification for EAC and tympanic annulus overhangs, underscoring their role in surgical visibility and middle ear operation challenges. It corroborates earlier studies, stressing the need to grasp EAC variations for improved surgical planning, overcoming obstacles, and enhancing middle ear surgery outcomes, thus refining surgical methods for patients with such anatomical differences.
A Case Study of Novel Technique for Reconstruction of the Eroded Long Process of the Incus in Revision Stapedectomy
Authors: Temirbekov Dastan , Celikyurt Cengiz , Kulimbetov Amangeldy
Published: September 2024

Although otosclerosis surgery is considered an effective treatment option, there is an incidence of surgical failure that necessitates revision operations. Here, we report a case of revision otosclerosis surgery and propose a new technique for reconstruction of the eroded long process of the incus using a metal wire obtained from a Shepard grommet tympanostomy tube and ionomer bone cement.
Bilateral Double Window Otosclerotic Obliteration: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Oren Keren , Klein Ayala , Soikher Eugene , Tamir Sharon Ovnat
Published: September 2024

Background:

Otosclerosis is a disorder characterized by abnormal resorption and bone deposition, resulting in progressive hearing loss. Obliterative otosclerosis describes a condition with bony overgrowth covering the oval and possibly the round window (RW) niche, sometimes indistinguishable from the surrounding area. The occurrence of RW obliteration is uncommon. In such cases, a careful and comprehensive diagnosis is important in the management of the condition.

Purpose:

We describe a patient with bilateral “double window” obliteration secondary to otosclerosis and the manifestations of the disorder on imaging. In addition, this article aims to review the literature regarding RW otosclerosis and the role of imaging in this pathology.

Methods:

For this narrative review, we performed a literature search in three electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, between January 1975 and March 2023 using the terms “round window obliteration,” “round window otosclerosis,” “far advanced otosclerosis,” and “cochlear obliteration.” Exclusion criteria included editorials, non-English language papers, editorial comments, and letters. Two masked reviewers screened the articles independently based on prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Conclusions:

This case report and narrative review emphasize the importance of double window otosclerosis diagnosis and the useful role of imaging in both diagnosis and management of the condition.
Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials and Subjective Auditory Perception Responses in Children Using Cochlear Implant: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Sebastian Swapna , Augustine Ann Mary , Abraham Anjali , John Mary , Phillip Ajay , Gowri Mahasampath , Mathew John
Published: September 2024

Objective:

A cochlear implant (CI) is a management option for congenital severe to profound hearing loss in children with no residual hearing. Cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) have been found to be useful in evaluating the outcome using CIs. The study aimed at assessing the change in CAEPs and auditory perception using the categories of auditory perception (CAP) test with respect to the duration of auditory stimulation using a CI in children who were deaf and received a unilateral CI during childhood before the age of 5 years.

Materials and Methods:

Prelingually profound hearing-impaired children with normal cochlea who received a unilateral CI during childhood between 12 months and 5 years were recruited for the study. The duration of use of the implant ranged from 1 month to 5 years.

Results:

We found that with an increased duration of auditory stimulation using CIs, auditory responses matured regarding reduction in P1 latency and increased CAP scores. How long it takes for these children to achieve normal patterns of cortical maturation is a subject of further research.
Otological Surgical Training Using Haptic Feedback Device in Addition to Conventional Cadaveric Dissection Method: Is It Time for a Change?
Authors: Raj Poonam , Srivastava Tripti L , Singh Kamalpreet , Surya Naman
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Medical education has always been a dynamic field, evolving alongside advancements in technology and pedagogical methodologies. Virtual reality platforms allow medical professionals to practice and refine their skills. This study delves into the importance of simulation-based temporal bone dissection, its benefits, and the future it holds for medical education when it is used as an adjunct to cadaveric bone dissection.

Aim:

This study aimed to compare the otological surgical competencies acquired by ENT residents trained additionally on the haptic handheld simulator vis-a-vis those trained by cadaveric temporal bone dissection alone.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to objectively assess the level of competency achieved by ENT residents additionally trained on the haptic handheld simulator as compared to those trained by cadaveric temporal bone dissection alone using postcortical mastoidectomy surgical outcomes as a measure.

Methodology:

This prospective observational study was conducted for 6 months and included 12 ENT postgraduate residents. The study was conducted in five phases which included a pretest, first cortical mastoidectomy, competency-based simulation training, second cortical mastoidectomy, and a posttest in the end along with feedback from participants and faculty. Three-dimensional system touch haptic device was used for simulation and assessment of cortical mastoidectomy was done using a grading scale.

Results:

On the assessment of cortical mastoidectomy, pre- and postcompetency-based simulation training mean scores were 12.3 ± 1.9 and 17.2 ± 2.8, respectively. The mean score difference was statistically significant as P < 0.05. Scores obtained by participants in posttest had also improved significantly.

Conclusion:

Simulation-based temporal bone dissection represents a groundbreaking advancement in medical education. By providing a safe, standardized, and realistic training environment, simulations empower future surgeons to develop and refine their skills with unprecedented precision.
Incidence of Early Complications of Cochlear Implants
Authors: Al Mansoury Alaa Mtashar , Aqeel Maha Badr , Ahmed Ahmed Salah
Published: September 2024

Background:

Cochlear implantation is an operation by which the cochlear implant (CI) device is inserted in the cochlea to stimulate electrically the Auditory nerve through its nerve ending in the cochlea. This procedure may be accompanied by some major or minor complications, and as the number of cochlear implantations has increased dramatically during the last decade, it is important to be aware of the potential complications and their management.

Objective:

The objective is to detect the incidence of early complications of CI in Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital.

Patients and Methods

A descriptive study of (173) patients had implantation in the Department of Otolaryngology in Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital/Baghdad through a period of 12 months starting from April 2021 to ending in April 2022. Preoperative assessments were done so that all patients were fit to do the operation; all of these patients have been followed up for 1 month for early detection of complications that classified as major and minor types.

Results:

There were (96) females and (77) males Patients, the age at implantation for these patients was ranging from 1 to 50 years, the mean age ± standard deviation = (4.95 ± 5.92). The overall rate of complications was 8.7% (15 of 173), with minor complications accounting for 6.9% and including; (unsteadiness 2.9%, facial swelling/forehead skin abrasion 1.1%, wound dehiscence 1.1%, hematoma 0.6%, seroma 0.6%, and simple wound infection 0.6%), these complications were treated conservatively by medical measures or by a minor surgical procedures. Major complications accounting for 1.8% which were; (wound infection that end with flap necrosis 0.6%, biofilm infection 0.6%, and facial nerve palsy 0.6%).

Conclusions:

CI is a safe technique with a relatively low complication rate. Most of these complications are minor which can be managed with conservative measures or minimal intervention. Skin flap complications range from minor wound infection to wound dehiscence, wound swelling and flap necrosis; this emphasizes the need for careful and delicate manipulation of tissues to avoid such complications. Pay further attention to strict sterilization and strategy regarding disposable towels and surgical kits is needed.
Pattern of Complications of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media in Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria
Authors: Umar Sufiyanu Yabo , Iseh Kufre Robert , Goronyo Bashar Muhammad , Koko Aliyu Muhammad
Published: September 2024

Background:

Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a potentially serious disease because of its complications. The use of antibiotics has played a significant role in the management of CSOM and its complications, and this has made otitic complications increasingly infrequent, but they are still encountered, and early recognition of clinical symptom of a complicated CSOM and prompt treatment helps to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with complicated CSOM. Complications in chronic ear disease usually follow an acute exacerbation of infection. This has resulted in a more therapeutic challenge because the underlying ear disease must be effectively treated to avert the recurrence of complications.

Aim/Objective:

The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence, pattern, and mortality of complications due to CSOM, which is still a major health challenge in our society.

Materials and Methods:

A 10-year retrospective review of clinical records of patients who were diagnosed as having CSOM with complications at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH) Sokoto, from January 2012 to December 2021. Data extracted were: age, sex, clinical symptoms, investigations, complications encountered, treatment, and treatment outcome. Data were analyzed with IBM-SPSS Version 25.0. The complications of CSOM in this study were classified into two major categories: intracranial complications (IC) and extracranial complications (EC).

Results:

A total of 3970 patients with CSOM were seen in UDUTH Sokoto during the study. Forty-six patients with complications were identified, 32 (69.6%) intracranial, and 22 (47.8%) extracranial. Eight patients had both intracranial and EC. The prevalence of complications in this study was 1.2%. The male-to-female ratio was 2:1. The age ranges from 3 to 50 years with a mean age of 21.13 ± 11.73 standard deviation complications were most common among the age group of 21–30 years with 15 (32.6%) patients. Meningitis was the most common intracranial complication occurring in 15 (32.6%) patients, and subdural abscess 7 (15.2%) was the second-most common IC. In the EC, mastoiditis was the most common complication found in 17 (37.0%) patients.

Conclusion:

With the advent of modern and more potent antibiotics and aggressive surgical eradication of the disease, recent literatures have indicated a decline in complications of CSOM. However, morbidity and mortality are still high, and complications of CSOM still occur as a common disease in our environment. A delay in diagnosis and treatment of IC can lead to increase morbidity and mortality.
Diagnostic value of Krebs von den Lungen-6, a serological biomarker in interstitial lung disease
Authors: Navya Cherukumalli , Radhakrishnan Praveen , Yuvarajan S. , Mohan Reenaa
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) biomarker has proven to be associated in the pathogenesis of interstitial lung disease (ILD). With this background, this study was done to find the diagnostic role of KL-6 in the ILD. This included establishing the role of KL-6 as a crucial diagnostic marker in early diagnosis, disease severity assessment, and its progression.

Materials and Methods:

After obtaining institutional ethical clearance, the present hospital-based cross-sectional study was done among patients with ILD (n = 56) above 18 years of age, attending the respiratory medicine department of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Puducherry. History, clinical examination, blood investigation for serology and biomarkers, lung function test, and biopsy were done. The study participants were assessed for KL-6, and analysis was done using SPSS (Version_24) software.

Results:

Among the 56 study participants, the subtypes of ILD include idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in connective tissue disorder (CTD)-ILD and others with a frequency of 23.18 and 15, respectively. The mean age of the study participants was 57.27 ± 12.95 years with 55.4% female predominance. The mean value of the KL-6 among the study participants was 485.18 ± 63.74 U/mL with a significantly higher mean in CTD-ILD (563.61 ± 21.88 U/mL) when compared to IPF (467.17 ± 27.46 U/mL) and other subtypes of ILD (426.67 ± 30.62 U/mL).

Conclusion:

Among the subgroups of ILD, KL-6 had a higher mean value in CTD-ILD when compared to IPF and other subgroups which were statistically significant. KL-6 can be considered the reliable indicator for the clinical diagnosis of ILD with a cutoff of ≥400 U/mL.
Laboratory approaches to enhance early detection of multiple myeloma and improve patient outcomes
Authors: Putchen Deepalakshmi D. , Ramaprasad Sujay
Published: September 2024

Serum protein electrophoresis, serum immunofixation and serum-free light-chain assays are advanced techniques that are routinely performed in referral laboratories when multiple myeloma (MM) is suspected in a patient. The diagnosis of MM is confirmed when additional laboratory findings like % of clonal plasma cells and radiological findings correlate with clinical symptoms. A case study is presented to highlight the role of clinicians in a stand-alone laboratory to identify key parameters suggestive of MM even before a treating physician suspects MM. This gains importance since early detection of myeloma may result in improved patient’s quality of life, various treatment options and reduced complications of the disease.
The educational impact of the hashtag PathTweetAward on pathology from the perspective of medical students
Authors: Demirci Mehmet Ali , Oltulu Pembe , Mukhopadhyay Sanjay
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Pathology is a field that extensively utilizes X, formerly Twitter, in education, communication, and collaboration. It is widely utilized by numerous professionals and trainees, such as medical students and residents, and uses many valuable hashtags. Using the hashtag PathTweetAward on platform X (formerly Twitter), outstanding tweets and posts can be tagged for consideration for an award known as #PathTweetAward.

Aim:

This study examined the impact of the #PathTweetAward on medical students, pathologists, pathology residents, and physicians in other specialties’ educational experience and the awareness of the award among educational social media users.

Materials and Methods:

The population surveyed comprised 80 of 84 full-time medical students and 4 of 84 physicians from different medical faculties in Turkiye. Since not enough physicians could be reached in the population, the data of 4 physicians were excluded from the study.

Conclusions:

Online and in-person surveys with Turkish medical students from various faculties found PathTwitter on X a great educational tool for students, residents, and pathologists. Furthermore, it is a valuable forum for expert discussions. Pathology uses X most in education, communication, and collaboration. Medical students and residents use its many hashtags. Despite its low prevalence, most #PathTweetAward users found it educational. Our findings are crucial to understanding social media’s educational potential. Our research shows that social media can help people learn and share, but #PathTweetAward needs more promotion. Social media and pathology education should be studied with larger groups and innovative tools like #PathTweetAward promoted.
Immunohistochemical spectrum of ovarian neoplasms
Authors: Ghuman Mehar , Singh Aminder , Kaur Harpreet , Jain Kunal , Bansal Devika , Seth Priyanka
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Ovarian cancer is the sixth-most common cancer and the seventh-leading cause of cancer deaths amongst women worldwide, with the worst prognosis amongst all gynaecological malignancies. Ovarian tumours are heterogeneous, so an accurate histopathological diagnosis is required. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies ovarian tumours as per their most probable cell of origin and histomorphological features. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is helpful where the morphology does not allow a definite diagnosis of tumour.

Aim and Objectives:

We aimed to study the immunohistochemical spectrum of ovarian neoplasms.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted in DMCH, Ludhiana, from 1 March 2020 to 28 February 2022 for 2 years. All primary and secondary ovarian neoplasms undergoing IHC for definite categorisation were included in the study. The ovarian neoplasms that did not undergo the IHC test and all other neoplasms were excluded from the study. A total of 20,998 specimens were received in grossing department out of these 198 were diagnosed as ovarian neoplasms. Out of these 198 ovarian neoplasms IHC was applied on 88 cases, during our study period.

Results:

After IHC was done, all the tumours were classified according to the WHO classification 2020 for ovarian neoplasms. Epithelial tumours formed the largest group, with 56 cases (63.7%). The second most common type was sex cord-stromal tumours comprising 15 cases (17.0%), followed by metastatic tumours in 10 cases (11.3%) and germ cell tumours in 6 cases (6.8%). The least common were mesenchymal tumours comprising 1 case (1.2%).

Conclusion:

IHC is a useful adjunct to histopathology in the diagnosis of ovarian tumours where morphological features overlap.
Smoking and the lung: Landmark papers (1929–2023)
Authors: Galev Georgi , Nagoti Sharada , Sansano Irene , Armstrong Susan M. , Herman Meredith , Mukhopadhyay Sanjay
Published: September 2024

Our understanding of the ways in which smoking damages the lung has evolved significantly over the last 100 years, and a large body of scientific literature on this topic has accumulated. It has become clear that smoking causes not only lung cancer but also emphysema, interstitial fibrosis, Langerhans cell proliferation, accumulation of pigmented macrophages and cystic change in various permutations. Some patients with these abnormalities are symptomatic while in others they remain subclinical. The aim of this review is to trace the history of our understanding of the role of smoking in the causation of lung disease using landmark papers that have significantly advanced our understanding of the link between smoking and diseases of the lung. These papers were identified using a combination of careful perusal of published historical reviews, cross-referencing and a review of the smoking-related literature on PubMed. Emphasis was placed on studies/papers that made key original observations and advanced the field. This review includes well-known diseases such as emphysema, lung cancer, pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis, combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema and smoking-related interstitial lung disease, but we also highlight new developments in the field in the 21st century, including the recognition of smoking-related interstitial fibrosis, the high prevalence of interstitial changes on high-resolution chest tomograms in adult smokers, smoking-related diffuse cystic lung disease and thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumour.
A study on infection control practices among laboratory staff of a district hospital in West Bengal
Authors: Mankar Dhananjay , Roy Nirmalya , Biswas Bidisha , Shukla Vineeta , Naskar Somnath , Basu Mausumi
Published: September 2024

Background:

The laboratory department is one of the most important sources of infections. Laboratory staff is the more vulnerable population of getting infections as they are handling the infectious agent directly, but still, they neglect their biosafety. This study was conducted with the objectives to assess infection control practices by laboratory staff in a district hospital of West Bengal.

Methods:

An observational study was conducted between April to December 2022 among 16 laboratory staff of Basirhat District Hospital (DH), West Bengal, India. Area of Concern (AOC) F from the National Quality Assurance Standards (NQAS) checklist of Laboratory Department for District Hospital (DH) was used as a study tool for this study. Scoring Methods and Scoring Rules both were followed NQAS rules. Data were analyzed using Statistical Analysis System (SAS) software.

Results:

The mean score of infection control was observed having an increasing pattern over the months of data collection. The analysis also showed that infection control practices (ICP) were better in October than in August among every staff category. ICP was better among medical technologists in August. Like August, the same findings were found in September except in the domain of second and third Standards.

Conclusion:

The performance of the laboratory staff of Basirhat DH with respect to ICP was improving day by day. In spite of having barriers, this study showed a strong impact on improving infection control practices by giving an opportunity to staff to improve their knowledge, awareness, and skill regarding infection control standards.
Correlation of prostate-specific antigen levels with Gleason score and tumor percentage on prostate needle biopsy in prostate cancer
Authors: Singh Priyanka , Punia Rajpal Singh , Dhingra Harshi , Bhalla Vidur
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) plays an important role in the detection of prostate cancer. Although it has high sensitivity and low specificity, it is still used clinically. A biopsy is recommended if any abnormality is detected in PSA or digital rectal examination (DRE).

Materials and Methods:

Forty cases diagnosed as prostatic adenocarcinoma out of 109 biopsies submitted were included in the two-year duration study. The clinical parameters (age and serum PSA levels) and histopathological parameters (number of positive cores, tumor percentage, Gleason grade and score, glomeruloid architecture, and perineural and lymphovascular invasion) are noted.

Results:

The age of the patients ranged from 33 to 98 years with a mean age of 67.5 years. The PSA levels ranged from 1.5 to 381.2 ng/mL. Four cases (10%) showed a lower PSA level of <4 ng/mL. Fourteen cases (35%) showed a Gleason grade of 3 + 3. Ten cases (25%) had a tumor volume between 31 and 40%. Perineural invasion and lymphovascular invasion were seen in 13 (32.5%) and 4 (10%) cases, respectively. A weak correlation was seen between PSA levels and Gleason score (r = 0.243). No correlation was seen between PSA levels and tumor volume (r = 0.01). A moderate correlation was noted between the Gleason score and tumor volume (r = 0.629).

Conclusion:

Prostate cancer detected by biopsies is not uncommon with PSA levels of 4.0 ng/mL or less. Prevalence of prostate cancer is 36.6%. A weak correlation was seen between PSA levels and the Gleason score. Radical prostatectomies are required to compare pre-operative Gleason score and tumor percentage with post-operative Gleason score and tumor volume.
Comparative evaluation of apically extruded debris with ProTaper rotary files using different irrigation needles: An in vitro study
Authors: Reddy Usha G , Patil Thimmanagowda N , Vallabhdas Anand Kumar , Kusuma S C , Kabbinale Pradeep , Suvarna C C
Published: September 2024

Aim:

To evaluate the influence of different irrigation needles on periapical extrusion of debris using ProTaper (PT) series rotary files.

Methodology:

Forty extracted human mandibular premolars were assigned into four groups: Group A, Conventional Open Ended Beveled Irrigating Needle; Group B, Closed Single Side Vented Irrigating Needle; Group C, Closed Double Side Vented Irrigating Needle; and Group D, Irriflex Irrigating Needle with two side vents located at the tip located back-to-back. All the samples were subjected to instrumentation using PT rotary files. The apically extruded debris along with the irrigant was collected in preweighed glass vials. After evaporation of the collected irrigant, the mean weight of the dry debris was assessed with an electronic microbalance. Statistical analysis was done using one-way analysis of variance test and Tukey’s post hoc test to compare the mean apically extruded debris between the four groups.

Results:

Group C showed significantly less extrusion of debris apically, followed by Group D and Group B, and the highest was seen in Group A.

Conclusion:

Under the conditions and the limitations of this study, all the groups showed apical extrusion of debris. Closed Double Side Vented Needle produced less extrusion of debris, followed by Irriflex Needle and Closed Single Side Vented Needle, and the most amount of debris extrusion was seen in Conventional Open Ended Beveled Needle.
Efficacy of Tru-cut biopsy of the cervical lymphnodes over FNAC for detecting MTB using CBNAAT histopathology and cultures
Authors: Abdul Basith Mohammed , Aleemuddin NM , Hasan Ashfaq , Abdullah Fahad , Mahmood Syed , Adeeb Mujtaba Ali S
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

The present study was carried out to see the usefulness of Tru-cut biopsy over fine needle aspiration (FNA) in diagnoses of tuberculosis (TB) cervical lymphadenopathy and comparing their yields by performing ZN staining, culture, cytology, histopathology, and CBNAAT.

Observation and Results:

It was found that the yield of Tru cut was significantly more in ZN staining and histopathology. Even though the yield was more in culture and CBNAAT also, it was not statistically significant. FNA is a popular method which is very widely used, but it has a low yield. From the results, it was inferred that for FNA, the positive rate was 27.6%, 38.4%, 67.7%, and 43% for the four modalities of ZN staining, CBNAAT, cytology, and acid-fast bacilli cultures, respectively. Comparatively, for Tru-cut biopsy, the positive rate was 36.9%, 46.2%, 92.3%, and 47.7%, respectively, in all four modalities. It was noticed that the highest value was recorded for histopathology, followed by culture and CBNAAT for Tru-cut biopsy procedures. Comparatively, FNA showed the highest negative rate for ZN staining and CBNAAT.

Conclusion:

The present study also highlights the importance of Tru-cut biopsy over FNA. It is one of the emerging techniques which if used properly could offer a better yield. Further results and conclusions are discussed in the paper.
Awareness and practice of research-oriented medical education among undergraduate students of Andhra Pradesh: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Krovvidi Sahithi , Korrapati Rakesh , Vattikonda Anisha , Thota Anuroop , Vattikonda Srikanth
Published: September 2024

Background:

Research-oriented medical education (ROME) is a significant avenue to improve students’ capability of thinking critically and solving problems, which together are crucial during their career as medical professionals. The present study was aimed to determine the level of awareness and practice about research among undergraduate (UG) students and to identify the constraints that avert them from research.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among UGs of three medical colleges in Andhra Pradesh. The students’ participation was voluntary. Information was collected through a pretested questionnaire containing data in relation to the knowledge about research. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test using the SPSS 17 statistics package.

Results:

A total of 51.3% of students were aware about the concept of ROME, although the level of awareness varied over 5 years. About 92.0% believed research is important in health sciences and ROME should be contained in the UG curriculum (84.0%). Only 19.1% of students were involved in research activities, and 10.8% published their research, but the majority (84.9%) were with the misconception that research is suitable for only academic career. The important factors for a low level of participation in research was a lack of awareness about research opportunities (64.2%), followed by lack of time (24.7%).

Conclusion:

Training programs and financial support systems for UG research may increase students’ options to prefer research as their career and ensure their association with research.
Seroprevalence of HBV infection in pregnant women attending teaching rural hospital
Authors: Ajagunde Jyoti , Chate Sadhana , Kulkarni Sandhya
Published: September 2024

Background:

HBV infection is major public health problem worldwide, it causes hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Viral hepatitis during pregnancy is associated with a high risk of maternal complications, has a high rate of vertical transmission causing fetal and neonatal hepatitis, and has been reported as a leading cause of maternal mortality. So early detection of HBV infection with the help of seromarker HbsAg, can help in preventing the maternal as well as fetal complications.

Aims and Objectives:

To determine seromarker of HBV infection in pregnant women attending teaching rural hospital in Pune.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 178 pregnant women who were attending teaching rural hospital, serum sample were tested for HbsAg.

Results/Observations:

Seroprevalence of HBV was found 8.99% in pregnant women. It was more common (50%) in 18--23 years of age group and during (93.75%) third trimester.

Conclusion:

Even though the results indicate that this rural area is of low seroprevalence, here is a need of prophylactic vaccination of pregnant women and passive immunization with Immunoglobulins of newborn as well so as to avoid maternal and fetal complications. So early screening and prevention of HBV infection is the need of time.
Malignant transformation within a mature cystic teratoma with invasion into the large intestine: A case report
Authors: Singh Shashikant , Bhasin Vishu , Mohanpuria Anisha
Published: September 2024

Mature cystic teratoma (MCT), also known as the dermoid cyst, is the most common ovarian germ cell tumor. It commonly arises in women age less than 40 years. With a reported incidence of 1% to 3%, malignant transformation in a mature cystic teratoma (MCT) is a rare occurrence. We report a case of malignant transformation within a mature cystic teratoma with invasion into the large intestine.
Effectiveness of forward and retro walking in subjects with osteoarthritis of knee: A comparative study
Authors: Anantha Jyothi Pothula S.V.V. , Apparao Patchava , Swamy Ganapathi , Chaturvedhi P. , Mounika R. Geetha
Published: September 2024

Background and Objective:

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that leads to biomechanical and morphological alterations in the joint. There are various physiotherapeutic interventions available for treating osteoarthritis but there is lack of literature regarding comparison of effectiveness of Forward walking and Retro walking in subjects with Osteoarthritis of knee, hence the need of the study arises. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness between the Forward Walking and Retro-Walking in improving Strength and Function in subjects with Osteoarthritis of Knee.

Methods:

Prospective Cohort study design. 150 subjects who were clinically diagnosed of Osteoarthritis of Knee were assessed and only 66 were recruited who are willing to be in the study and they were randomly allocated into two Groups. In Group I (n = 33) subjects were treated with Conventional Physiotherapy and Forward Walking for 8 weeks, whereas in Group II (n = 33) subjects were treated with Conventional Physiotherapy and Retro Walking for 8 weeks. The outcome of this intervention Function (KOOS) and lower limb strength (knee flexion and extension).

Results:

Statistical analysis of this study data revealed that in between-group comparison showed there is a STATISTICAL significant difference in KOOS and knee flexors and extensors strength.

Conclusion:

This study concluded that Retro Walking is a suitable adjunct to Conventional Physiotherapy in Subject with knee osteoarthritis.
Addressing the gender gap in COVID-19 Vaccination in India
Authors: Vasudevan Jyothi , Dakshinamurthy Senkadhirdasan , Boratne Abhijit V. R.
Published: September 2024

India had rolled out the world’s largest vaccination program, marking the beginning of an effort to vaccinate a population of 1.3 billion against COVID-19. There have been recent emerging reports that India’s womenfolk are getting left behind as far as COVID vaccination is concerned. Misinformation, which impacts women more, is a key factor resulting in the prevailing gender gap in vaccination. Issues relating to the ignorance of technology to register for vaccination, lower decision-making power in families over matters related to their health, and lower priority given to women and their health needs within families, etc., are other responsible factors, which need to change for successful implementation of the program. A set of targeted solutions that can help access to affordability and break information barriers are required. The solutions need to be explored in the background of the sustainable development goals, stemming from within the community, within the community, involving women’s self-help groups, volunteers, etc. Addressing mobility challenges faced by women to access vaccination sites and also ensuring dissemination of correct information through their preferred channels is imperative to ensure the success of the program. This is especially true for vulnerable and marginalized populations which continue to bear a disproportionate socio-economic brunt of the pandemic. Effective communication keeping in mind the broad categories of vaccine hesitancy along with targeted effective interventions remains the best bet in the current scenario.
“Autistic savant”: A rare case report
Authors: Singh Charan , Meena Parth S. , Jain Mahendra , Premprakash  , Sharma Rupendra , Nainwani Neelam
Published: September 2024

Savant syndrome is a very rare, but extraordinary condition where persons with significant mental disability, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), have some impressive abilities, which are markedly incongruous contrast to overall handicap. In fact, as many as one in 10 autistic persons have such remarkable abilities in varying degrees, although savant syndrome occurs in other developmental disabilities or central nervous system (CNS) injury or disease as well. “Autistic savant” refers to individuals with ASD who have extraordinary skills not exhibited by most normal persons. This is an extremely rare phenomenon, although there are several well-documented cases. Here, we are reporting a case of a 29-year-old male patient; as per informants, he had complaints of low intelligence, remaining aloof and withdrawn, not being able to interact properly within the family and in society, wandering aimlessly, self-mutilating behavior, odd behavior such as collecting matchboxes and toys, tearing his own clothes, suggestive of ASD. The patient can tell the day on a given date of a particular year in seconds, suggesting that he has autistic savant abilities.
Variability in Design and Materials of Vaginal Stent or Moulds for Vaginal Agenesis - A Systematic Review
Authors: Jain Prachi , Jain Shreya , Bansal Arush , Soni Abhinandan
Published: September 2024

Background:

Vaginal stents play a crucial role in both non-surgical and surgical management of vaginal agenesis. Different types of stents with variable designs and materials have been described in the literature. However, a summary of various stents described in the existing data and their outcome measures needs to be studied.

Objectives:

The objective of the study was to identify and summarise different types of vaginal stents used for patients with vaginal agenesis, to identify the design and material of different vaginal stents and to assess the benefit of using that specific vaginal stent.

Materials and Methods:

The literature search was conducted in the PubMed database for articles from 2000 to 2024 in the English language. An exploration of grey literature was also included through Google Scholar. The articles were included only if they clearly described vaginal stent, its material, design and advantage of using that particular stent, and any study not directly related to the research question or in which vaginal stent was used for cases other than vaginal agenesis/Mayer–Rokitansky–Kuster–Hauser syndrome/Mullerian aplasia or agenesis were not included in this study. Risk of bias assessment was done using an eight-item tool that included domains of selection, ascertainment, causality and reporting.

Results:

A total of 133 abstracts appeared in PubMed, of which, 26 titles/abstracts were related to the research question. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, seventeen articles were selected for the review. A total of 905 articles were identified from Google Scholar, of which, 7 were chosen to be included. The literature reports the usage of variable vaginal stents which can be hard, soft, solid or hollow with the option of customisation available.

Interpretation:

Based on the results of this review, soft stents are better than rigid stents due to increased patient compliance, a critical factor contributing to the success of the treatment. The resilient nature, comfort and lightweight of the silicone material are more suitable than commonly used acrylic material. However, the choice in a particular case may vary.

Limitations:

The majority of articles included in this review were case reports. As the duration and frequency of usage of stents affect the outcome, studies need to be done to evaluate the effectiveness of different types of stents to come to identify the best design and material for vaginal stents.

PROSPERO Registration:

CRD42024554676.