bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Control Measures and Trends of Malaria in Burie-Zuria District, West Gojjam Zone, Amhara Region, North West Ethiopia
Authors: Kassa Addisu Workineh , Tamiru Mulugojjam Andualem , Yeshanew Addisu Gize
Published: June 2015

Introduction. Malaria is caused by the protozoan parasite Plasmodium and transmitted by the bite of Anopheles mosquitoes. The aim of this study was to assess control measures and trends of malaria and guide intervention measures at Burie-Zuria district, Amhara region. Methods. Descriptive cross-sectional assessment of control measures was undertaken. We used health facility records of malaria data. We surveyed households for clinical malaria cases and utilization of Long Lasting Impregnated Nets (LLINs) and its status; the condition of Indore Residual Spraying (IRS) operation at household level was observed. Results. In Zelma-Shenbekuma kebele (village) the prevalence rate of confirmed malaria cases in the 2nd week of September was 1.2 per 1000 (17) of population and increased to 11.5 per 1000 (163) of population in the 3rd week of September 2012 and reached 16.6 per 1000 (236) of population in the 1st week of November 2012. The attack rate was the highest in 1-<5 years 120.3 per 1000 (1920) of population. LLINs were distributed four years back and only five of the fifteen respondents knew about the use of LLINs and used it regularly. Four of the fifteen households were not sprayed with IRS. Conclusion. Vector control interventions were not carried out timely.
Biomarkers of Dietary Polyphenols in Cancer Studies: Current Evidence and Beyond
Authors: Wang Jincheng , Tang Lili , Wang Jia-Sheng
Published: June 2015

Polyphenols, commonly contained in fruits and vegetables, have long been associated with a protective role against multiple diseases and adverse health effects. Generally,in vitroand animal experiments have provided strong positive evidence, whereas evidence fromin vivoand human epidemiological studies is not strong enough. Most epidemiological studies to date use food frequency questionnaire based dietary intake estimations, which inevitably incur imprecision. Biomarkers of polyphenol have the potential to complement and enhance current studies. This review performed a literature search of all epidemiological studies or controlled clinical/intervention trials which employed biomarkers of exposure for polyphenols to help assess their anticarcinogenic role, using studies on green tea polyphenols as a study model. Currently, studies on this topic are still limited; breast cancer and prostate cancer were the only widely studied cancer types. Isoflavone is the only widely studied polyphenol. In addition to associations between polyphenols and cancer risks, factors such as host genetic susceptibility, epigenetic modification, and gut microbiome patterns may also impact on the protective roles of polyphenols. More evidence should be collected by utilizing biomarkers of exposure for polyphenols in future epidemiological studies before a clear conclusion can be made.
Bioactivity and Safety of IL13Rα2-Redirected Chimeric Antigen Receptor CD8+ T Cells in Patients with Recurrent Glioblastoma
Authors: Brown Christine E. , Badie Behnam , Barish Michael E. , Weng Lihong , Ostberg Julie R. , Chang Wen-Chung , Naranjo Araceli , Starr Renate , Wagner Jamie , Wright Christine , Zhai Yubo , Bading James R. , Ressler Julie A. , Portnow Jana , D'Apuzzo Massimo , Forman Stephen J. , Jensen Michael C.
Published: June 2015

Purpose: A first-in-human pilot safety and feasibility trial evaluating chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)–engineered, autologous primary human CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) targeting IL13Rα2 for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma (GBM).

Experimental Design: Three patients with recurrent GBM were treated with IL13(E13Y)-zetakine CD8+ CTL targeting IL13Rα2. Patients received up to 12 local infusions at a maximum dose of 108 CAR-engineered T cells via a catheter/reservoir system.

Results: We demonstrate the feasibility of manufacturing sufficient numbers of autologous CTL clones expressing an IL13(E13Y)-zetakine CAR for redirected HLA-independent IL13Rα2-specific effector function for a cohort of patients diagnosed with GBM. Intracranial delivery of the IL13-zetakine+ CTL clones into the resection cavity of 3 patients with recurrent disease was well-tolerated, with manageable temporary brain inflammation. Following infusion of IL13-zetakine+ CTLs, evidence for transient anti-glioma responses was observed in 2 of the patients. Analysis of tumor tissue from 1 patient before and after T-cell therapy suggested reduced overall IL13Rα2 expression within the tumor following treatment. MRI analysis of another patient indicated an increase in tumor necrotic volume at the site of IL13-zetakine+ T-cell administration.

Conclusions: These findings provide promising first-in-human clinical experience for intracranial administration of IL13Rα2-specific CAR T cells for the treatment of GBM, establishing a foundation on which future refinements of adoptive CAR T-cell therapies can be applied. Clin Cancer Res; 21(18); 4062–72. ©2015 AACR.
ДИНАМІКА БІОХІМІЧНИХ ПОКАЗНИКІВ СИРОВАТКИ КРОВІ У ТВАРИН З МОДЕЛЬОВАНИМ ПАРОДОНТИТОМ НА ТЛІ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНИХ УРАЖЕНЬ ШЛУНКОВО-КИШКОВОГО ТРАКТУ
Authors: Швець І. Є. , Дирик В. Т. , Слобода М. Т.
Published: June 2015

У тварин груп дослідження з модельованим пародонтитом при експериментально викликаних ураженнях шлунково-кишкового тракту досліджували вміст у сироватці крові білка, малонового діальдегіду, каталази; визначали загальну протеолітичну активність та антиоксидантно-прооксидантний індекс. Встановлено, що у групах експериментальних щурів підвищуються вміст білка, малонового діальдегіду й активність протеаз при зниженні активності каталази та антиоксидантно-прооксидантного індексу, причому дана тенденція більш виражена у тварин з модельованим пародонтитом на тлі експериментальних уражень шлунково-кишкового тракту.
РОЛЬ ПОРУШЕНЬ ПРОЦЕСІВ ПЕРОКСИДНОГО ОКИСНЕННЯ ЛІПІДІВ ТА АНТИРАДИКАЛЬНОГО ЗАХИСТУ В КРОВІ У ДИНАМІЦІ РОЗВИТКУ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОГО БАКТЕРІАЛЬНОГО КЕРАТИТУ НА ТЛІ БРОНХІАЛЬНОЇ АСТМИ І ПНЕВМОНІЇ
Authors: Кравець Б. Б. , Регеда М. С.
Published: June 2015

У роботі наведено порівняльну характеристику результатів досліджень процесів пероксидного окиснення ліпідів та оцінку функціонального стану системи антиоксидантного захисту на 1-шу, 14-ту і 21-шу доби розвитку експериментального бактеріального кератиту на тлі бронхіальної астми та пневмонії з наступною депресією антиоксидантної системи, що свідчить про порушення про- й антиоксидантних процесів.
БАКТЕРІОФАГИ: НАЗАД У МАЙБУТНЄ
Authors: Завіднюк Н.Г.
Published: June 2015

Наведено історичні віхи дослідження бактеріофагів. Розглянуто основні особливості життєдіяльності фагів, їх взаємодію з бактеріями. Акцентується увага на розвитку резистентності бактерій майже до всіх відомих антибіотиків. Проведено порівняння бактеріофагів та антибіотиків. Пропонуються думки автора про можливість одночасного застосування бактеріофагів та антибіотиків. Описано перешкоди для широкого впровадження фаготерапії та попри те перспективи застосування фагів.
Морфологические предпосылки неудовлетворительных результатов оперативного лечения грыж пищеводного отверстия диафрагмы
Authors: Велигоцкий Н. Н. , Дедух Н. В. , Комарчук В. В. , Комарчук Е. В.
Published: June 2015

Проведено исследование мышечной и сухожильной части ножек диафрагмы 34 пациентов с грыжами пищеводного отверстия диафрагмы І-ІІІ степени в возрасте 43-58 лет. Обнаружены выраженные структурные нарушения, особенно при грыжах ІІ-ІІІ степени, заключающиеся в гиалинизации сухожильной ткани, дегенерации мышечной ткани, наличии лимфогистиоцитарных инфильтратов, венозном застое. Найденные изменения могут способствовать развитию рецидива грыжи при выполнении аутопластики.
Несформировавшиеся кишечные свищи, расположенные на эвентрированных петлях. Нестандартные ситуации – стандартные решения
Authors: Андреев Г. И. , Логачев В. К.
Published: June 2015

Изучены результаты обтурацнн у 109 пациентов. Определены 6 типов топографо-анатомических отношений петли, несущей свищ к ране. Установлено, что у 47,8 % пациентов обтураторы линейного типа не обеспечивают герметизацию свищей. Применение в этих случаях конструкций с элементом, моделируемым по кривизне, позволяет повысить эффективность метода в 1,6 раза.
Выбор метода наложения панкреатодигестивного анастомоза при панкреатодуоденальных резекциях .
Authors: Запорожченко Б. С. , Качанов В. Н. , Зубков О. Б. , Бородаев И. Е. , Муравьёв П. Т.
Published: June 2015

У 131 больного выполнены панкреатодуоденальные резекции по поводу рака головки поджелудочной железы (59 (45 %)), рака периампулярной зоны (43 (33 %)) и хронического псевдотуморозного головчатого панкреатита (29 (22,1%)). Разработанные нами методики формирования панкреатоеюноанастомозов на реконструктивном этапе ПДР обеспечивают снижение общего числа осложнений у больных в сравнении с терминолатеральным анастомозом (по Уипплу), а также терминотерминальной техникой (по Шалимову-Копчаку), соответственно, в 1,98 и 1,97 раза. Число больных с осложнениями уменьшается в ряду: терминолатеральный (по Уипплу) панкреатоеюноанастомоз - 25 (38,9 %), терминотерминальный (по Шалимову-Копчаку) - 13 (9,9 %), по методике нашей клиники - 4 (3 %), панкреатогастроанастомоз - 3 (2,3 %).
Результати лікування кератоконусу методом рогівкового крос-лінкінгу
Authors: Табалюк Т. А.
Published: June 2015

Під нашим спостереженням протягом 6 місяців перебували 15 пацієнтів (30 очей) із білатеральним кератоконусом, на одному оці кожного з яких із більш розвинутим захворюванням було проведено трансепітеліальний крос-лінкінг. Проводився моніторинг показників візометрії, пахіметрії та кератометрії. Було показано, що після крос-лінкінгу гострота зору без корекції та з контактною корекцією поступово підвищується, рогівка стає товстішою та плоскішою. Водночас на парному оці захворювання продовжувало прогресувати, про що свідчить зниження показників гостроти зору та товщини рогівки і підвищення її заломної здатності за даними центральної кератометрії.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПІСЛЯ ІНФАРКТНОГО РЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ СЕРЦЯ НА ХРОНІЧНЕ ОБСТРУКТИВНЕ ЗАХВОРЮВАННЯ ЛЕГЕНЬ ТА АРТЕРІАЛЬНУ ГІПЕРТЕНЗІЮ
Authors: Гребеник М. В.
Published: June 2015

Вивчено особливості післяінфарктного ремоделювання серця у 159 чоловіків, хворих на хронічне обструктивне захворювання (ХОЗЛ), у 81 з них виявлено гіпертонічну хворобу (АГ).Отримані результати порівнювали із даними 78 хворих на інфаркт міокарда (ІМ) та ХОЗЛ та 138 хворими на ІМ. без ХОЛ, 92 з яких мали анамнез АГ. Встановлена залежність процесів післяінфарктного ремоделювання серця від локалізації ІМ., наявності супутніх ХОЗЛ та АГ. Наявність АГ впливала переважно на процеси ремоделювання лівих камер серця і правого шлуночка та стінок міокарда у хворих  із переднім ІМ і характеризувалась переважною дилатацією лівого передсердя, зменшенням товщини стінок, більш вираженими порушеннями діастолічної функції міокарда при відносному збереженні сумарної скоротливості лівого шлуночка. ХОЗЛ справляло більший вплив на ремоделювання серця у хворих із нижнім ІМ., яке проявлялось переважною дилатацією шлуночків, зменшенням показника відносно товщини стінок, маси міокарда і зниженням фракції викиду. Поєднання ХОЗЛ із АГ, навпаки, супроводжувалось збереженням товщини стінок або розвитком компенсаторної гіпертрофії інтактних кардіоміоцитів із збільшенням індексу маси міокарда. Таким чином, помірна гіпертрофія міокарда у хворих на АГ у випадках розвитку ІМ. забезпечувала кращі умови для функціонування геодинаміки в процесі формування післяінфарктного серця та певною мірою стримувала негативні тенденції ремоделювання серця на тлі супутнього ХОЗЛ
СПЕКТРОФОТОМЕТРИЧНА ДІАГНОСТИКА НЕМЕЛАНОМНИХ ПІГМЕНТНИХ ПУХЛИН ШКІРИ
Authors: Галайчук І. Й. , Гоцко О. С.
Published: June 2015

РЕЗЮМЕ. У статті наведені результати спектрофотометричного аналізу немеланомних пігментних пухлин шкіри, а
саме: пігментних невусів, гемангіом, пігментно базаліоми, себорейного кератозу та ін. Визначено діагностичні
спектрофотометричні критері диференційно діагностики немеланомних пігментних пухлин шкіри.
КЛЮЧОВІ СЛОВА: спектрофотометрія, немеланомні пігментні пухлини шкіри.
ВПЛИВ ОКСИЕТИЛЬОВАНИХ НОНІЛФЕНОЛІВ ТА X ПОХІДНИХ НА ПРОЦЕСИ ЛІПОПЕРОКСИДАЦІ ТА ОКИСНО МОДИФІКАЦІ БІЛКІВ В ОРГАНІЗМІ ЩУРІВ
Authors: Маракушин Д. І.
Published: June 2015

РЕЗЮМЕ. У статті наведено дані про зміну стану процесів ліпопероксидаці та окисно модифікаці білків в організмі
щурів за умов тривалого впливу оксиетильованих нонілфенолів та х похідних. Встановлено, що тривала інтоксикація
оксиетильованими нонілфенолами та х похідними у дозах 1/10 і 1/100 ДЛ50 у сироватці крові щурів ініціює
процеси оксидативного стресу з деструкцією білкових і ліпідних молекул. Продукти перекисного окислення ліпідів
та окисно модифікаці білків внаслідок високо реактогенно здатності та вибірковості у біологічній ді можуть
виступати в якості основного ланцюга, що лімітує стан стійкості організму до тривалого впливу оксиетильованих
нонілфенолів та х похідних через зміну фізико-хімічних характеристик клітинних мембран, активності мембрано-
локалізованих та ліпідозалежних ферментів, реактивності нейроендокринно , імунно та інших систем організму.
КЛЮЧОВІ СЛОВА: оксиетильовані нонілфеноли, дієнові кон’югати, ТБК-реактанти, шифові основи.
ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ НЕКСІУМУ У ХВОРИХ НА БРОНХІАЛЬНУ АСТМУ В ПОЄДНАННІ З ГЕРХ
Authors: Глушко Л. В. , Матковська Н. Р. , Скрипник Л. В.
Published: June 2015

Мета. Виявити поширеність гастроезофаге-
ального рефлюксу (ГЕР) у хворих на бронхіальну
астму (БА), вплив антисекреторного лікування на
перебіг БА.
ГЕПТРАЛ У КОМПЛЕКСНОМУ ЛІКУВАННІ ХВОРИХ НА ЦИРОЗ ПЕЧІНКИ
Authors: Лихацька Г. В. , Бойко Т. В. , Лихацька В. О. , Хайко Л. К.
Published: June 2015

Проблема хронічних дифузних захворювань
печінки є однією з найважливіших в сучасній гаст-
роентерологі. Цироз печінки (ЦП) є надзвичайно
актуальним питанням сьогодення і посідає перше
місце серед причин смертності від хвороб органів
травлення.
Long and short term residence in refuge burrows by endangered pygmy bluetongue lizards
Authors: Bull C. Michael , Godfrey Stephanie S. , Ebrahimi Mehregan , Fenner Aaron L.
Published: June 2015

The pygmy bluetongue lizard (Tiliqua adelaidensis) is an endangered species which is restricted to native grassland remnants in South Australia. Individuals live in vertical burrows with a single entrance from which they ambush invertebrate prey. We monitored marked burrows over two entire spring-summer seasons, the period when the lizards are active, and found that the population contained a mixture of dispersers that remained in a burrow briefly, and residents that occupy a burrow for the entire study period. There were more females than males among the residents and most of the burrow abandonment happened in the early spring, the time when male lizards probably move around to seek matings. Our study described burrow occupancy dynamics, and will assist the conservation management of this endangered species.
Breakdown of the Teleological View of Life?
Authors: Vos Pieter
Published: June 2015

In response to Alasdair MacIntyre’s and Brad Gregory’s claim—that the Reformation’s concept of morality in terms of obedience to divine commandments has been a major factor in a catastrophic breakdown in modernity of the teleological view of life and the virtues—this essay aims both to correct this criticism and to reread Calvin from the perspective of virtue ethics. Calvin’s utterances about the nature of the law, virtue, the self before God, one’s calling in the world, natural law and reason appear to be much more in alliance with a teleological, virtue ethical view than MacIntyre suggests. This opens up the possibility of a fruitful interplay between a Reformed account of law and Christian virtue ethics.
Preferences for Religious Education and Inter-Group Attitudes among Indonesian Students
Authors: Sterkens Carl , Yusuf Mohamad
Published: June 2015

This article analyses Indonesian students’ preferences for different types of religious education, with the help of their personal characteristics and inter-group attitudes. We investigate a comparative understanding of Muslim, Christian and Hindu students of different types of religious education. The comparative measurement of different models of religious education shows that the mono-religious model consists of all aspects of religious education. A remarkable result is that in all models, the attitudinal aspect (sometimes together with the affective) is the most dominant aspect. The cognitive aspect is absent in the inter-religious model. On average, all Muslim, Christian and Hindu students prefer the mono-religious over the inter-religious model. For the mono-religious model, the negative evaluation of religious plurality is the strongest predictor; and indeed, is the only aspect to contribute to the preference for the mono-religious model among Muslims. The attitude towards pluralism is the most important predictor of the preference for a mono-religious model among Christians. This result is in contrast with our hypothesis. As for Hindu respondents, the centrality of own religion has the most positive correlation with the mono-religious model. Pluralism is the most influential factor for the inter-religious model among all groups.
Research Agenda for Tourism and the Chinese Dream
Authors: Weaver David , Becken Susanne , Ding Peiyi , Mackerras Colin , Perdue Rick , Scott Noel , Wang Ying
Published: June 2015

This article describes a research agenda for investigating the relationship between tourism and the Chinese Dream, informed by the G20 First East-West Dialogue on Tourism and the Chinese Dream held in late 2014 on Australia’s Gold Coast. Six themes comprise this agenda, including (1) clarification of the “Chinese Dream” construct, (2) connections between the Dream, tourism and consumers, (3) geopolitical considerations, (4) conventional Triple Bottom Line sustainability considerations, (5) tourism and nontourism systems as open states, and (6) hybrid research perspectives. All themes are permeated by an implicit seventh theme of rapid change.
Irony in Adam Smith’s Critical Global History
Authors: Pitts Jennifer
Published: June 2015

This essay argues that attention to Adam Smith’s ironic framing of his historical narratives in the Wealth of Nations shows his critique of modern commercial society to have been more radical than is generally recognized. These narratives traced the pathologies of European development and the complex chains of causation that linked Smith’s readers—with often destructive and even catastrophic results—to other human beings distant from themselves. While Smith gave reasons to doubt that sympathy for distant others could bring about reform, I argue that he used irony and what he called ridicule to make the book’s British audience aware of the violence of the global commercial system and their place in it as both abettors and lesser victims of its abuses.
Drug-induced Skin Lesions in Cynomolgus Macaques Treated with Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 (mGluR5) Negative Allosteric Modulators
Authors: Palanisamy Gopinath S. , Marcek John M. , Cappon Gregg D. , Whritenour Jessica , Shaffer Christopher L. , Brady Joseph T. , Houle Christopher
Published: June 2015

Three orally administered metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) negative allosteric modulators caused skin lesions consistent with delayed type-IV hypersensitivity in cynomolgus macaques in 2- and 12-week toxicity studies. Several monkeys developed macroscopic skin lesions in multiple locations after 8 to 9 days of dosing; the most prominent effects involved the genital region of males and generalized erythema occurred in both sexes. Microscopic lesions occurred in both clinically affected and unaffected areas and were characterized by lymphocytic interface inflammation, subepidermal bullae, and individual keratinocyte vacuolation/necrosis. In the 12-week study, clinical effects in 2 animals resolved with continued dosing, whereas in others the inflammatory process progressed with 1 female exhibiting systemic lymphocytic inflammation in multiple tissues. The inflammatory infiltrate consisted of CD3 and CD4 positive T lymphocytes with minimal CD68 positive macrophages and only rare CD8 positive T lymphocytes. A subset of animals given a dosing holiday was subsequently rechallenged with similar lesions developing but with a more rapid clinical onset. These skin lesions were consistent with type-IV delayed hypersensitivity with some features comparable to bullous drug eruptions in humans. A relationship between these findings and the intended mode of action for these compounds could not be ruled out, given the occurrence across different chemotypes.
Effects of the GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Dulaglutide on the Structure of the Exocrine Pancreas of Cynomolgus Monkeys
Authors: Vahle John L. , Byrd Richard A. , Blackbourne Jamie L. , Martin Jennifer A. , Sorden Steven D. , Ryan Thomas , Pienkowski Thomas , Rosol Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W. , Klöppel Günter
Published: June 2015

Clinical and nonclinical studies have implicated glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist therapy as a risk factor for acute pancreatitis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, it is critical to understand the effect that dulaglutide, an approved GLP-1 receptor agonist, has on the exocrine pancreas. Dulaglutide 8.15 mg/kg (approximately 500 times the maximum recommended human dose based on plasma exposure) was administered twice weekly for 12 months to cynomolgus monkeys. Serum amylase and lipase activities were measured and 6 sections of each pancreas were examined microscopically. Ductal epithelial cell proliferation was estimated using Ki67 labeling. Dulaglutide administration did not alter serum amylase or lipase activities measured at the end of treatment compared to control values. An extensive histologic evaluation of the pancreas revealed no changes in the acinar or endocrine portions and no evidence of pancreatitis, necrosis, or pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia. An increase in goblet cells noted in 4 of the 19 treated monkeys was considered an effect of dulaglutide but was not associated with dilation, blockage, or accumulation of mucin in the pancreatic duct. There was no difference in cell proliferation in ductal epithelium between control and dulaglutide-treated monkeys. These data reveal that chronic dosing of nondiabetic primates with dulaglutide does not induce inflammatory or preneoplastic changes in exocrine pancreas.
Comparison of cardio-protective effects induced by different modalities of sevoflurane conditioning in isolated rat hearts
Authors: Yao Yun-tai , Liu Ding-hua , Li Li-huan
Published: June 2015

Objective: To examine whether the combination of anesthetic preconditioning and anesthetic postconditioning could elicit additional cardio-protection as compared to either anesthetic preconditioning or anesthetic postconditioning alone and its underlying mechanism. Methods: Isolated rat hearts were randomized into one of four groups: CTRL group (30 min of ischemia followed by 120 min of reperfusion alone); SpreC group (3% sevoflurane preconditioning was administered for 15 min followed by 10 min of washout before ischemia); SpostC group (3% sevoflurane postconditioning was administered during the first 15 min of reperfusion after ischemia); SpreC+SpostC group (the protocols of SpreC and SpostC were combined). Hemodynamics, myocardial infarct size, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase-MB in collected effluent, phosphorylation of PKB/Akt and ERK 1/2 and content of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in the left ventricular tissue were compared among the four groups. Results: When compared with unprotected Control hearts, those in the sevoflurane-treated groups (SpreC, SpostC and SpreC+SpostC) showed significantly better functional recovery, reduced myocardial infarct size and decreased lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase-MB release. Comparison of the above-mentioned variables among the three sevoflurane-treated groups showed that maximal cardio-protection was obtained in the SpreC+SpostC group. Both SpreC and SpreC+SpostC induced a biphasic response in protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK 1/2) phosphorylation, while SpostC induced only one phase. The effects on phosphorylation of both PKB/Akt and ERK 1/2 induced by SpreC and SpostC were found to be additive during reperfusion. The combination of SpreC and SpostC also had additive effects on inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening induced by ischemia-reperfusion. Conclusion: These findings suggested that the cardio-protection induced by SpreC and SpostC could be additive via the involvement of PKB/Akt, ERK 1/2 and mPTP.
Property in the Commons
Authors: Obeng-Odoom Franklin
Published: June 2015

This paper reflects on historical debates about creating property in the commons and how the debaters have approached the topic. It does so by systematizing existing insights, especially those provided by Richard Schlatter in his book, Private Property: A History of An Idea (1951). The analysis shows that Hardin’s widely quoted paper is not the founding essay that attacked the commons. Also, it demonstrates that there is no “property rights approach” in political economy but several property rights approaches not only between heterodox and orthodox political economy but also within heterodox perspectives. The evidence is clearly that not much has changed in the debates about the commons except, perhaps, the geographical emphasis and the identity of the dramatis personae fanning the attacks on the commons, but not the economic interests supporting the decimation and dissipation of the commons.
Mechanisms of Alcohol-Facilitated Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Eckhardt Christopher I. , Parrott Dominic J. , Sprunger Joel G.
Published: June 2015

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a critical public health problem that requires clear and testable etiological models that may translate into effective interventions. While alcohol intoxication and a pattern of heavy alcohol consumption are robust correlates of IPV perpetration, there has been limited research that examines the mediating mechanisms of how alcohol potentiates IPV. We provide a theoretical and methodological framework for researchers to conceptualize how alcohol intoxication causes IPV, and propose innovative laboratory methods that directly test mediational mechanisms. We conclude by discussing how these innovations may lead to the development of interventions to prevent or reduce alcohol-related IPV.
Healthy eating beliefs and intentions of mothers and their adult children: An intergenerational transmission perspective
Authors: Sumodhee Dayyanah , Payne Nicola
Published: June 2015

This study examined the possible intergenerational transmission of eating beliefs and intentions between 60 mothers and their adult children. Maternal restrictive feeding practices were correlated with mothers’ own healthy eating attitudes and subjective norms, and with their adult children’s subjective norms. Mothers’ beliefs and intentions were correlated with their adult children. Adult children’s intentions to eat healthily were predicted by their attitudes and perceived behavioural control, and also by their mothers’ intentions and perceived behavioural control. Mothers’ own beliefs and intentions may be involved in shaping their children’s beliefs and intentions into adulthood but their child feeding practices may have less of an influence.
Endovascular treatment of an infected pseudoaneurysm secondary to retropharyngeal abscess in a child
Authors: Brinjikji Waleed , Diehn Felix E , Lindsay Christopher W , Morris Jonathan M
Published: June 2015

We describe a rare case of carotid pseudoaneurysm secondary to a retropharyngeal abscess, treated with coil embolization in a 2-year-old boy. The patient presented to an emergency department with symptoms suggesting meningitis but was subsequently diagnosed with streptococcal pharyngitis. He was discharged home on oral antibiotics after a short hospitalization. He returned to the emergency department two weeks later with limited neck motion and pain. Neck CT demonstrated a retropharyngeal abscess with a large left cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) pseudoaneurysm. The petrous ICA distal to the pseudoaneurysm had thrombosed prior to treatment. The ICA proximal to the pseudoaneurysm was sacrificed with coil embolization. Post-treatment imaging demonstrated complete thrombosis of the pseudoaneurysm but also demonstrated acute strokes in the left MCA/ACA watershed distribution. His parents noted that the patient was clumsier and exhibited some mild speech changes and a steppage gait prior to evaluation in the ED; therefore, these were thought to be secondary to emboli from partial thrombosis of the pseudoaneurysm prior to treatment. The patient was discharged home in good condition and his neurological function improved.
In harm’s way: tobacco industry revenues from sales to underage tobacco users in India
Authors: Lal Pranay , Goel Sonu , Sharma Deepak
Published: June 2015

Background:

In 2010, the global adult tobacco survey (GATS) for India revealed that nearly 40% of current smokers and 42% of current chewers had initiated tobacco use before they were of the legal age (18 years old or over). Global evidence shows that those who initiate earlier have a lower probability of quitting the use of tobacco during their lifetime. In order to sustain its profits, the tobacco industry will make every effort to recruit underage users who become lifelong users of their products.

Aims and objectives:

We estimate the consumer expenditure on tobacco products by underage users in India.

Methodology:

Using nationally representative data we estimated the number of daily underage tobacco users for a year and their annual expenditure on different types of smoked and chewed tobacco products.

Results:

There are nearly 4.4 million underage daily tobacco users (age group 15–17 years old) in India. Approximately 7.2% of the population in the 15–17 age group are current daily users of tobacco (0.1% cigarette smokers, 0.5% bidi smokers and 6.6% tobacco chewers). Underage users spend nearly US$16.9 million and US$270.8 million respectively on smoking and chewing tobacco products.

Conclusion:

There is a substantial expenditure on tobacco products by underage individuals in India. A significant number of new users are added every year that provide an estimate for the size and nature of the future of the tobacco epidemic, one on which the tobacco industry depends on for its sustenance. The government of India’s efforts to reduce sale to underage users has had limited effect and needs to be strengthened.
Methods of Forecasting Dynamics and Structure of People’s Income and Expenses
Authors: Суворов  , Suvorov Anatoliy
Published: June 2015

Predictive calculation models of indicators included in balance of the income and expenses of the population

and structure of consumer spending are presented in article.
New estimation method of degree of chaos in biosystems
Authors: Горленко  , Gorlenko N. , Кощеев  , Koshcheev V. , Бурыкин  , Burykin Yu. , Еськов  , Eskov Valeriy , Пашнин  , Pashnin A.
Published: June 2015

. Potential application of traditional and stochastic methods in assessment of parameters of complex biosystem – complexity is presented. Their amplitude-frequency characteristics, autocorrelation functions A(t), Lyapunov exponents, statistical distribution function f(x) constantly change. In spite of such chaotic dynamics in recorded parameters of tremor, tapping, cardiograms, myograms and other parameters of homeostasis, an order in the dynamics of these processes can be observed. The order is revealed in a change of numbers of sample overlaps that are obtained as a result of some processes. Owing to all the stochastic characteristics constantly change, calculation method for statistical distribution functions with repetitions of identical experimental sets is proposed. In this case, number of sample overlaps (their belonging to the same general population) will numerically present the transition mechanism to order out of chaos or the variation of chaos degree in movement formation and electrobiological muscular activity. The current work shows some typical examples of different physiological human states presented in a form of matrices of paired comparison.
Kulturowy i społeczny portret stiliagów
Authors: Kowalska Martyna
Published: June 2015

The article presents a cultural and social portrait of the first youth subculture in the Soviet Union. The inspiration for the study of the literary phenomenon of stilyaga were the works of Victor Slavkin: a drama The Grown‑up Daughter of a Young Man and a memoir The Monument to the Unknown Stilyaga. A memoir of Alexey Kozlov and a work of Vasiliy Aksyonov In Search of Melancholy Baby complemented the study. The cultural portrait of stilyaga was based on works from the field of sociology and cultural studies, as well as drafts and articles on the official government stand towards the rebellious youth. The literary portrait of stilyaga is dominated by a romantic, nostalgic vision and a specific idealization of the young years. The image of the subculture, however remote from authenticity, was transferred to other arts: film, musical culture, photography. The article attempts to separate the myth of stilyaga from the facts.
Notas acerca del desequilibrio espacial de las disponibilidades hídricas en la Comunidad Valenciana
Authors: Bru Ronda Concepción
Published: June 2015

Water problems in the Comunity of Valencia with the existence of shortages in some areas is a fact that has been detected since long ago, this matter is marked before hand by the climatological conditions. The outstanding increase of water demand during the second half of the Century has intensified the unbalance between resources and demands. Throughout history several initiatives have tried to reduce these problems. At present the socioeconomic and technological changes call for a reorganization of the systems of water economy which should be based, in synthesis in a wholesome effort, national, integral and communitary.
La avenida de 1982 en la cuenca media del Júcar: el caso de Alcalá del Júcar (Albacete)
Authors: Gualda Gómez Clara Eugenia
Published: June 2015

El presente artículo pretende explicar las causas que potenciaron los efectos de la riada del Júcar, acaecida en octubre de 1982, en el tramo comprendido entre la población de Alcalá del Júcar y la pedanía de Tolosa (Provincia de Albacete), aguas arriba del Embalse de Embarcaderos, así como su carácter marcadamente puntual en este tramo. Incluye además referencias al desarrollo de la avenida y a las medidas adoptadas hasta el momento con el fin de paliar y preveer las consecuencias de estos fenómenos.
Aproximación al fenómeno de la integración ganadera en la Comunidad Valenciana
Authors: Segrelles Serrano José Antonio
Published: June 2015

Las profundas mutaciones socio-económicas que experimenta España desde finales de la década de los años cincuenta no sólo provoca la intensificación de los métodos productivos en la ganadería sino que, asimismo, aparecen en el sector agropecuario nuevas relaciones funcionales, económicas y sociales. La integración vertical ha establecido diferentes puntos de contacto entre los diversos elementos que componen la cadena productiva y crea una estructura desequilibrada con indudables consecuencias negativas para la explotación familiar.
Ventajas, inconvenientes e impactos territoriales del comercio electrónico
Authors: Moliní Fernando
Published: June 2015

Este artículo analiza las ventajas e inconvenientes de Internet para las empresas y reflexiona sobre sus implicaciones territoriales. Se comentan algunos casos particularmente relevantes de tiendas de comercio electrónico, se desarrollan los principales elementos positivos que representa Internet, se señalan los aspectos negativos, se hace una reflexión sobre el modelo de empresa más competitivo y se comenta el impacto geográfico de las empresas que venden en la Web.
La fotogrametría terrestre en España (1914-1958)
Authors: Muro Morales José Ignacio , Urteaga González José Luis , Nadal Piqué Francesc
Published: June 2015

La fotogrametría terrestre innovó las técnicas topográficas tradicionales, tanto las de campo, como las de restitución. Ya en el último tercio del siglo XIX empezó a tener aplicaciones prácticas en el levantamiento de las series de los mapas nacionales a gran escala. En España, la fotogrametría terrestre fue tempranamente conocida, tanto en su vertiente teórica como práctica. Sin embargo, hasta la segunda década del siglo XX no empezó a utilizarse de forma masiva, concretamente en el levantamiento y restitución del Mapa del Protectorado de Marruecos y del Mapa Topográfico de España, ambos editados a escala 1:50.000. El ingeniero geógrafo José María Torroja y Miret fue uno de los principales introductores, difusores y organizadores de los trabajos fotogramétricos desde principios de siglo hasta los años treinta. A principios de la década de 1930 la fotogrametría aérea empezaba a desplazar a la terrestre, a la vez que impulsaba una notable automatización en los trabajos de gabinete. Sin embargo, la peculiar situación española en la posguerra hizo que el recurso a la fotogrametría terrestre perdurase hasta el año 1958.
Makro- und mikrostrukturelle Analysen wissenschaftlicher Artikel II: Untersuchungen soziologischer Einleitungen und Vergleich mit medizinwissenschaftlichen Text- und Sprachstrukturen
Authors: Szurawitzki Michael , Bayer Christiane
Published: June 2015

In the present paper, the introductions of articles from the academic journal
Chosen Aspects Of Investigations Of Solar Cells With The Laser Beam Induced Current Technique
Authors: Chrobak Łukasz Bartłomiej , Madej Wiesław Ryszard , Maliński Mirosław Andrzej
Published: June 2015

This paper presents maps of spatial distributions of the short circuit current Isc(x,y) and the open circuit voltage Uoc(x,y) of the investigated low cost solar cells. Visible differences in values of these parameters were explained by differences in the serial and shunt resistances determined for different points of solar cells from measurements of I–V characteristics. The spectral dependence of the photo voltage of solar cell is also shown, discussed and interpreted in the model of amorphous and crystal silicon.
Open-Path FTIR Spectral Radiation Intensity Of Hot Combustion Gases – Measurement And Interpretation
Authors: Cięszczyk Sławomir
Published: June 2015

Spectral remote sensing is a very popular method in atmospheric monitoring. The paper presents an approach that involves mid-infrared spectral measurements of combustion processes. The dominant feature in this spectral range is CO2 radiation, which is used to determine the maximum temperature of nonluminous flames. Efforts are also made to determine the temperature profile of hot CO2, but they are limited to the laboratory conditions. The paper presents an analysis of the radiation spectrum of a non-uniform-temperature gas environment using a radiative transfer equation. Particularly important are the presented experimental measurements of various stages of the combustion process. They allow for a qualitative description of the physical phenomena involved in the process and therefore permit diagnostics. The next step is determination of a non-uniform-temperature profile based on the spectral radiation intensity with the 8 m optical path length.
A new route for the synthesis of 4-arylacetamido-2-aminothiazoles and their biological evaluation
Authors: V. Madhura , Revankar Hrishikesh M. , Kulkarni Manohar V.
Published: June 2015

A series of 4-arylacetamido-2-amino- and 2-arylamino-1,3-thiazoles (4a–o) were synthesized in a single step in high yields from ω-bromoacetoacetanilides and thiourea/phenyl thioureas and were characterized by spectral and analytical methods. The compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial antifungal and antioxidant activities. In vitro antimicrobial evaluation of these compounds indicated their specificity towards Gram-positive species. p-Tolyl and m-chlorophenyl substituents on the arylamino moiety (compounds 4b and 4g) exhibited the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration values. The other compounds exhibited promising antimicrobial and moderate antioxidant activity.
Vascular Anomalies Classification: Recommendations From the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies
Authors: Wassef Michel , Blei Francine , Adams Denise , Alomari Ahmad , Baselga Eulalia , Berenstein Alejandro , Burrows Patricia , Frieden Ilona J. , Garzon Maria C. , Lopez-Gutierrez Juan-Carlos , Lord David J.E. , Mitchel Sally , Powell Julie , Prendiville Julie , Vikkula Miikka
Published: June 2015

Vascular anomalies represent a spectrum of disorders from a simple “birthmark” to life- threatening entities. Incorrect nomenclature and misdiagnoses are commonly experienced by patients with these anomalies. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for appropriate evaluation and management, often requiring multidisciplinary specialists. Classification schemes provide a consistent terminology and serve as a guide for pathologists, clinicians, and researchers. One of the goals of the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) is to achieve a uniform classification. The last classification (1997) stratified vascular lesions into vascular malformations and proliferative vascular lesions (tumors). However, additional disease entities have since been identified that are complex and less easily classified by generic headings, such as capillary malformation, venous malformation, lymphatic malformation, etc. We hereby present the updated official ISSVA classification of vascular anomalies. The general biological scheme of the classification is retained. The section on tumors has been expanded and lists the main recognized vascular tumors, classified as benign, locally aggressive or borderline, and malignant. A list of well-defined diseases is included under each generic heading in the “Simple Vascular Malformations” section. A short definition is added for eponyms. Two new sections were created: one dealing with the malformations of individually named vessels (previously referred to as “truncular” malformations); the second groups lesions of uncertain or debated nature (tumor versus malformation). The known genetic defects underlying vascular anomalies are included in an appendix. This classification is meant to be a framework, acknowledging that it will require modification as new scientific information becomes available.
Reducing Side Reactions Using PF6-based Electrolytes in Multivalent Hybrid Cells
Authors: Proffit Danielle L. , Lipson Albert L. , Pan Baofei , Han Sang-Don , Fister Timothy T. , Feng Zhenxing , Ingram Brian J. , Burrell Anthony K. , Vaughey John T.
Published: June 2015

The need for higher energy density batteries has spawned recent renewed interest in alternatives to lithium ion batteries, including multivalent chemistries that theoretically can provide twice the volumetric capacity if two electrons can be transferred per intercalating ion. Initial investigations of these chemistries have been limited to date by the lack of understanding of the compatibility between intercalation electrode materials, electrolytes, and current collectors. This work describes the utilization of hybrid cells to evaluate multivalent cathodes, consisting of high surface area carbon anodes and multivalent nonaqueous electrolytes that are compatible with oxide intercalation electrodes. In particular, electrolyte and current collector compatibility was investigated, and it was found that the carbon and active material play an important role in determining the compatibility of PF6-based multivalent electrolytes with carbon-based current collectors. Through the exploration of electrolytes that are compatible with the cathode, new cell chemistries and configurations can be developed, including a magnesium-ion battery with two intercalation host electrodes, which may expand the known Mg-based systems beyond the present state of the art sulfide-based cathodes with organohalide-magnesium based electrolytes.
Coleopterofauna visitante de Theobroma grandiflorum Schum. (Sterculiaceae) de uma plantação nos arredores de Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil1
Authors: BARBOSA Maria das Graças Vale , FONSECA Claudio Ruy Vasconcelos da
Published: June 2015

O cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum Schumman), é uma planta frutífera nativa da Amazônia, com uma diversificação na entomofauna encontrada, registrando-se maior abundância na ordem Coleoptera. Em uma plantação nos arredores da cidade de Manaus usando-se métodos de coletas, manuais, com aplicação de inseticida (método de queda) e armadilhas de interceptação de vôo foram coletados durante 12 meses consecutivos, 1.212 exemplares de Coleoptera. Alguns aspectos em relação a fenologia e localização das plantas foram abordados. A maior abundância foi registrada em plantas localizadas em áreas de relevo plano expostas ao sol, com flores e sem frutos. Encontrou-se maior frequência nos meses correspondentes ao período menos chuvoso (de junho a novembro), registrando-se maior quantidade de exemplares no horário matutino. Foram identificadas 32 famílias e as mais abundantes foram Chrysomelidae 25,17%, Curculionidae 18,08%, (incluindo Scolytinae e Platypodinae), Slaphylinidae 17,57% e Coccinellidae 12,46%. Foram identificados indivíduos dos gêneros Palaminus (Staphylinidae), Phenrica, Asphaera, Colaspis, Homophoeta, Heilipus (Chrysomelidae), Desmobaris, Phitotribus, Comptocerus (Curculionidae) e das espécies Homophoeta aequinoctialis, Exora obsoleta, Spaethiella coccinea (Chrysomelidae), Colobothea hirtipes, Clorida curta, Compsibidion maronicum, Heíerachthes pelonioides (Cerambycidae) e Marshallius multisignatus (Curculionidae). Os indivíduos de Spaethiella coccinea foram observados alimentando-se das folhas, Desmobaris e Heilipus foram encontrados alimentando-se dos brotos das folhas e das flores sendo considerados pragas para mudas das plantas. A relação dos indivíduos do gênero Phitotribus com a planta ainda não é conhecida.
Composição do Zooplâncton em diferentes ambientes do lago Camaleão, na ilha da Marchantaria, Amazonas, Brasil
Authors: WAICHMAN Andrea V. , GARCÍA-DÁVILA Carmen R. , HARDY Elsa R. , ROBERTSON Bárbara A.
Published: June 2015

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de verificar a ocorrência e a distribuição dos principais grupos de zooplâncton em três diferentes sub-habitats do lago Camaleão: canal, macrófitas aquáticas e floresta alagada, no período de cheia (agosto de 1996). Nos três ambientes estudados, Cladocera, Copepoda e Rotifera ocorreram com abundância relativa diferentes. No canal, Cladocera ocorreu com maior número de espécies e de indivíduos, sendo dominante a espécie Bosminopsis deitersi (89%). Na floresta alagada Cladocera e Copepoda foram igualmente dominantes, ressaltando-se que somente ocorreram as formas imaturas de copépodes, náuplios e copepoditos. Nas macrófitas, o grupo de maior ocorrência foi Rotifera, com a dominância de Lecane quadrídentata, Keratella americana e Brachionus patulus seguido de copépodes (formas imaturas) e de cladóceros, estes na maioria da família Chydoridae (21.4%).