bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectivity battle between C-MAC and McGrath® video laryngoscope in a patient with general anesthesia at Sanglah Hospital
Authors: Pasaribu Jhoni Pardomuan , Senapathi Tjokorda Gde Agung , Parami Pontisomaya
Published: November 2021

Background

Intubation is a common essential procedure to maintain the airway during general anesthesia. Various video laryngoscopes (VL) on the market today assist anesthesiologists in improving intubation success rates and also in complicated airway cases. There are two types of VL found in our institution, which are C-MAC and McGrath®. Each of them has its pros and cons, which withdrawn our curiosity to compare their effectiveness.

Methods

A pilot study was conducted in our center; we included all patients undergoing general anesthesia with physical status ASA I-III and consent to the study and divide them into two groups, C-MAC and McGrath®. We compare C-MAC and McGrath® VL effectiveness in terms of time for intubation, ease of intubation, total attempt, failure to intubate, Cormack Lehane degree, POGO Score, and hemodynamic stability.

Results

A total of 20 patients were intubated with two different VL, ten patients for each group. Both VLs accommodate ease of intubation, and overall first attempt successful intubation, though C-MAC showed better laryngeal and glottic visualization, shorter tracheal intubation times, and less hemodynamic change.

Conclusion

C-MAC give better result in laryngeal and glottic visualization, shorter tracheal intubation times, and less hemodynamic change.
THE EFFECT OF HUMAN RESOURCE ACCOUNTING (HRA) ON PROFITABILITY: A STUDY OF SELECTED FIRMS QUOTED ON THE NIGERIAN STOCK EXCHANGE
Authors: Godwin, Adaobi Ozioma  , Udeh, Francis N. P. (PhD)
Published: November 2021

This study evaluated the effect of Human Resource Accounting on profitability: A study of selected firm’s quoted on the Nigerian stock exchange. The study adopted ex-post facto research design. The population of the study was 116 firms categorized as non-financial services sector. Purposive sampling technique was used and 76 firms were considered which had secondary data information that covered a period of 10years from 2010-2020. The regression analysis/hypothesis testing was done with the aid of linear structural relations LISREL 8.80 student edition. Data were sourced from annual reports and accounts and Nigerian stock exchange fact book 2020. Findings using profitability measure showed that Staff Training and Development cost has a significant positive effect on EBTIDA but no significant positive effect on ROCE of quoted non–financial service firms. . Increment in number of staff has no significant positive effect on EBTIDA but has a positive significant effect on ROCE of quoted non–financial service firms. The study concluded that Human Resource Accounting affects corporate performance of non-financial service firms quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. It is therefore recommended among others, that staff training and development has to be a regular program both on-the-job and off-the job tailored towards filling the identified skills and attitude gaps in the company. Also Increment in the number of staff should be encouraged as this will attract more positive effect on ROCE.
Study on Water Distribution of Spraying Drone by different Speed and Altitude
Authors: Nordin Mohd Nadzim , Mat Jusoh Mohd Shahmihaizan , Abu Bakar Badril Hisham , Ahmad Mohd Taufik , Mail Mohd Fazly , Tet Vun Chong , Chin Chuang Teoh , Hassan Basri Mohd Shukry , Zolkafli Ahmad Kamil
Published: November 2021

The application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in Malaysia, or best known as a drone, is changing from time to time. Today, drones are used not only in the military, but also in agriculture. The use of drones became common in agriculture due to a reduction in cultivated land, labour shortages and obsolete methods. The spraying of pesticides and herbicides may also be carried out using drones. Furthermore, the time-consumed using drone is faster compared to the conventional method. On the market, there are different kinds and types of drone sprayers. Although the manufacturer has set the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for drone usage, the efficacy of spraying should first be examined because of Malaysia's weather and environmental factors which vary from other countries. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of altitude and speed of the drone onto the coverage area during spraying application. In this study, a plot consisting of 0.5 Hectares situated at MARDI Seberang Perai was used. Three different speeds of 2 m/s, 3 m/s, and 4 m/s and three altitudes measured in heights of 1.5 m, 2.0 m, and 2.5 m from the top of the crop were tested. Wind speed and direction were recorded using an anemometer during the study. Water-sensitive paper was used during the experiment to examine the effect on spraying. In order to calculate the coverage area percentage, the spraying effect on water sensitive paper was analysed using ImageJ software. The results are expected to show which speed and altitude may contribute to the largest area of coverage percentage. The appropriate altitude and speed for the spraying operation on the basis of crop requirements can be concluded from the result which is 2 m from above crop at speed of 2.5 m/s.
Pengaruh Modal Sosial Terhadap Keberlanjutan Gapoktan Ngudi Rukun Di Kabupaten Wonogiri
Authors: Ermawati Tri , Dalmiyatun Tutik , Prayoga Kadhung
Published: November 2021

Modal sosial merupakan suatu rangkaian proses hubungan antar manusia yang ditopang oleh jaringan, norma-norma dan kepercayaaan sosial yang memungkinkan efisiensi dan efektifitas koordinasi serta kerjasama untuk keuntungan bersama. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis modal sosial, keberlanjutan, dan pengaruh modal sosial terhadap keberlanjutan Gabungan Kelompok Tani (Gapoktan) Ngudi Rukun di Kabupaten Wonogiri. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan September sampai Oktober 2020. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif. Penentuan sampel menggunakan metode slovin dan diperoleh 82 responden. Pengambilan data dengan melakukan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Tehnik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modal sosial yang ada di Gapoktan Ngudi Rukun tergolong dalam kategori tinggi dengan presentase jaringan kerjasama 60%, kepercayaan 48% dan norma 64%. Tingkat keberlanjutan di Gapoktan Ngudi Rukun termasuk dalam kategori sangat tinggi dengan tingkat presentase 94%. Modal sosial yang terdiri dari jaringan kerjasama, kepercayaan dan norma berpengaruh secara serempak dan parsial terhadap keberlanjutan Gapoktan Ngudi Rukun di Kabupaten Wonogiri. Nilai Adjusted R-Square sebesar 0,919 yang berarti keberlanjutan Gapoktan Ngudi Rukun dipengaruhi oleh modal sosial (jaringan kerjasama, kepercayaan, dan norma) sebesar 91,9%. Modal sosial dalam gapoktan perlu ditingkatkan dalam mengembangkan usaha ekonomi produktif.
Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan, Brand Image, dan Kepuasan Pelanggan Terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan Jasa Transportasi Taksi Blue Bird di Jakarta Barat
Authors: Huda Miftakul , Hartati Nani
Published: November 2021

Perkembangan Jasa Transportasi di Indonesia semakin meningkat setiap tahunya, hal ini dipengaruhi dengan perkembangan teknologi yang semakin canggih. Kemajuan pesat ini tentunya memberikan dampak perubahan yang signifikan, baik berdampak positif maupun negatif terhadap pelaku usaha lainya. Munculnya transportasi online mampu menggerus pelaku usaha konvensional, Kendati demikian jasa transportasi taksi Blue Bird masih mampu bertahan ditengah pesatnya persaingan di era globalisasi ini.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh Kualitas pelayanan, Brand Image dan Kepuasan Pelanggan terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan taksi Blue Bird. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan teknik accidental sampling, dengan melibatkan 105 responden pelanggan taksi Blue Bird di mall Ciputra Jakarta Barat. Untuk pengumpulan data meliputi observasi, penyebaran kuesioner dan studi kepustakaan. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik, analisis linear berganda dan uji hipotesis.

Pengolahan data menggunakan program SPSS Versi 22.0 dan menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa kualitas pelayanan (XI) tidak memberikan pengaruh positif dengan nilai signifikan 0,122 lebih besar dari 0.05, variabel Brand Image tidak memberikan pengaruh positif dengan nilai signifikan 0,192 lebih besar dari 0,05 dan variabel Kepuasan Pelanggan memberikan pengaruh positif dengan nilai signifikan 0,002 lebih kecil dari 0,05.
Analisis Pengaruh Penggunaan Platform Zedemy dalam Ketercapaian Pembelajaran Mahasiswa dengan Metode Cross-Sectional (Studi Kasus: Mahasiswa SI ITS)
Authors: Ahmad Hilal Mubarok  , Mochammad Dwiky Andrian  , Mohammad Awaluddin Syarif  , Nur Aini Rakhmawati
Published: November 2021

Pandemi COVID-19 mengakibatkan pembatasan kontak fisik sehingga berbagai lembaga pendidikan terpaksa menutup kegiatan belajar offline. Departemen Sistem Informasi (DSI) ITS mengambil langkah alternatif dengan menggunakan community-based learning dalam metode pembelajarannya serta memanfaatkan course sebagai tempat mahasiswa dan dosen untuk melaksanakan kuliah. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini berguna untuk evaluasi pola pembelajaran menggunakan platform. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross-sectional dengan membandingkan tingkat kepuasan, ketercapaian pembelajaran, dan nilai mahasiswa yang mengambil pembelajaran menggunakan platform Zedemy dan ITS Daring. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa Tingkat Kepuasan penggunaan platform Zedemy lebih rendah dibanding penggunaan platform ITS Daring dengan rincian 2,33 untuk Zedemy dan 2,47 untuk ITS Daring. Sedangkan untuk Tingkat Ketercapaian Pembelajaran menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan platform Zedemy kurang dari penggunaan platform ITS Daring dengan rincian nilai 2,5 untuk Zedemy dan 2,69 untuk ITS Daring. Hasil Akhir untuk penilaian mahasiswa menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan Zedemy mendapatkan lebih banyak presentase nilai A sebanyak 62,5 sedangkan penggunaan platform ITS Daring mendapatkan nilai 61,1. Berdasarkan hasil penilitian tersebut, dapat disimpulkan jika penggunaan platform Zedemy tidak mempengaruhi ketercapaian pembelajaran Mahasiswa SI ITS secara signifikan pada beberapa mata kuliah yang dijadikan acuan dalam penelitian.
Concept of universality within the framework of the second order cybernetics
Authors: Pavlov-Pinus Konstantin
Published: November 2021

Ideological essence of the second-order cybernetics is generally understood as a “view from within”. This requires certain conceptual revision of most fundamental notions. Particularly, an interpretation of a ‘universal law’ is subject to such a revision. Formally speaking, any universal law may be coded in the form АхР(х), where Ax is the universal quantifier. However, its meaning changes significantly, for it could be shown that it must be treated probabilistically. The reason for this is in that the standard phrase ‘for any x’, which discloses the meaning of the formula Ax, must be seen here as an arbitrariness of choice, while ‘the choice arbitrariness’ must be seen as a constructive procedure within the second-order cybernetics. Otherwise, basic presumption of the second-order cybernetics will not hold. Indeed, classical science assumes that when one says ‘Let us pick up an arbitrary x from the model M’ then the very procedure of ‘picking up an arbitrary x’ is not assumed to be a part of model M. Classical scientists think of this act as of some agent’s act who is completely external to model M. Second order scientists take it differently. All agent’s acts — observations, measurements, picks, experiment organizations, etc — must be seen as a part of an appropriate model. This is the core of the ‘view from within’: theoretical agents, their acts as well as their theories must be considered as internal events, or properties, of the intended models. Going back to formula Ax, it is easier to see now that an intention ‘to pick up an arbitrary x’ must be treated as a real process within an appropriate model M. The only way to do it is to assume that such models have (truly) random events generators G as a necessary part of their structure. All above implies that an interpretation of AxP(x) within the framework of the second-order cybernetics must be the following: P(x) is universally true on M iff there exists G in M such that at any time t G may randomly choose any element from M with probability р(х)≠0, and P(x) will appear to be true. As a result of this, we may claim that the very idea of justifiable universality is inconsistent with deterministic ontologies (in the second-order science framework). Indeed, deterministic ontologies do not assume that at any time t it is possible to pick up an arbitrary x from the model M, for, by definition, they are limited only to certain choices through time, which are pre-determined by deterministic schedule of choices.
Kthimi te bazat e: hulum mit mbi ekstremizmin e
Authors: Inman Kris
Published: November 2021

Ky kapitull rishikon bazat e hulumtimit, që nga formulimi i një pyetjeje hulumtimi deri tek etika e hulumtimit, të cilat mund të anashkalohen lehtësisht në hulumtimet e aplikuara të kryera për të kuptuar luftën kundër ekstremizmit të dhunshëm (LEDH). Kapitulli paraqet shembuj të praktikave të mira dhe të këqija të hulumtimit, si dhe mënyra praktike për të përmirësuar projektet e hulumtimit duke iu kthyer parimeve themelore për mbledhjen dhe analizën cilësore dhe sasiore të të dhënave. Ndërsa kapitulli mund të shërbejë si një udhëzues praktik për projekte të shëndosha hulumtimi, ai shkon përtej elementeve thelbësore të hulumtimit dhe diskuton arsyet përse këto praktika më të mira hulumtimi janë të rëndësishme për politikëbërësit dhe për të përmirësuar njohuritë tona për luftën kundër terrorizmit të dhunshëm.
Враќање кон основите во: истражувањето на насилниот екстремизам
Authors: Inman Kris
Published: November 2021

Во ова поглавје се разгледуваат основите на истражувањето, од формулирањето на истражувачкото прашање до истражувачката етика, која лесно може да се превиди во примените истражувања што се спроведуваат за да се разбере борбата против насилниот екстремизам (CVE). Во поглавјето се даваат примери на добри и лоши истражувачки практики, како и на практични начини за унапредување на проектите за истражување преку враќање кон основните принципи за квалитативно и квантитативно собирање и анализа на податоци. Иако поглавјето може да послужи како практичен водич за добар проект за истражување, тоа ги надминува основните практични детали на истражувањето и разгледува зошто се важни овие најдобри истражувачки практики за креаторите на политиките и за унапредување на нашите знаења за борбата против насилниот екстремизам.
Interstellar Objects Follow the Collapse of Molecular Clouds
Authors: Pfalzner Susanne , Paterson Dylan , Bannister Michele T. , Zwart Simon Portegies
Published: November 2021

Interstellar objects (ISOs), the parent population of 1i/‘Oumuamua and 2i/Borisov, are abundant in the interstellar medium of the Milky Way. This means that the interstellar medium, including molecular-cloud regions, has three components: gas, dust, and ISOs. From observational constraints of the field density of ISOs drifting in the solar neighborhood, we infer that a typical molecular cloud of 10 pc diameter contains some 1018 ISOs. At typical sizes ranging from hundreds of meters to tens of kilometers, ISOs are entirely decoupled from the gas dynamics in these molecular clouds. Here we address the question of whether ISOs can follow the collapse of molecular clouds. We perform low-resolution simulations of the collapse of molecular clouds containing initially static ISO populations toward the point where stars form. In this proof-of-principle study, we find that the interstellar objects definitely follow the collapse of the gas—and many become bound to the new-forming numerical approximations to future stars (sinks). At minimum, 40% of all sinks have one or more ISO test particles gravitationally bound to them for the initial ISO distributions tested here. This value corresponds to at least 1010 actual ISOs being bound after three initial freefall times. Thus, ISOs are a relevant component of star formation. We find that more massive sinks bind disproportionately large fractions of the initial ISO population, implying competitive capture of ISOs. Sinks can also be solitary, as their ISOs can become unbound again—particularly if sinks are ejected from the system. Emerging planetary systems will thus develop in remarkably varied environments, ranging from solitary to richly populated with bound ISOs.
Confined and Eruptive Catastrophes of Solar Magnetic Flux Ropes Caused by Mass Loading and Unloading
Authors: Zhang Quanhao , Liu Rui , Wang Yuming , Li Xiaolei , Lyu Shaoyu
Published: November 2021

It is widely accepted that coronal magnetic flux ropes are the core structures of large-scale solar eruptive activities, which have a dramatic impact on the solar-terrestrial system. Previous studies have demonstrated that varying magnetic properties of a coronal flux rope system could result in a catastrophe of the rope, which may trigger solar eruptive activities. Since the total mass of a flux rope also plays an important role in stabilizing the rope, we use 2.5 dimensional magnetohydrodynamic numerical simulations in this article to investigate how a flux rope evolves as its total mass varies. It is found that an unloading process that decreases the total mass of the rope could result in an upward (eruptive) catastrophe in the flux rope system, during which the rope jumps upward and the magnetic energy is released. This indicates that mass unloading processes could initiate the eruption of the flux rope. Moreover, when the system is not too diffusive, there is also a downward (confined) catastrophe that could be caused by mass loading processes via which the total mass accumulates. The magnetic energy, however, is increased during the downward catastrophe, indicating that mass loading processes could cause confined activities that may contribute to the storage of energy before the onset of coronal eruptions.
The mini-JPAS: A Study of the Wavelength Dependence of the Photon Response Nonuniformity of the JPAS-Pathfinder Camera
Authors: Xiao Kai , Yuan Haibo , Varela J. , Zhan Hu , Liu Jifeng , Abramo R. , Alcaniz J. , Benitez N. , Bonoli S. , Carneiro S. , Cenarro J. , Cristóbal-Hornillos D. , de Oliveira C. M. , Dupke R. , Ederoclite A. , López-Sanjuan C. , Marín-Franch A. , Moles M. , Moreno A. , Muniesa D. , Sodré L. , Taylor K. , Vázquez-Ramió H.
Published: November 2021

Understanding the origins of small-scale flats of CCDs and their wavelength-dependent variations plays an important role in high-precision photometric, astrometric, and shape measurements of astronomical objects. Based on the unique flat data of 47 narrowband filters provided by JPAS-Pathfinder, we analyze the variations of small-scale flats as a function of wavelength. We find moderate variations (from about 1.0% at 390 nm to 0.3% at 890 nm) of small-scale flats among different filters, increasing toward shorter wavelengths. Small-scale flats of two filters close in central wavelengths are strongly correlated. We then use a simple physical model to reproduce the observed variations to a precision of about ±0.14% by considering the variations of charge collection efficiencies, effective areas, and thicknesses between CCD pixels. We find that the wavelength-dependent variations of the small-scale flats of the JPAS-Pathfinder camera originate from inhomogeneities of the quantum efficiency (particularly charge collection efficiency), as well as the effective area and thickness of CCD pixels. The former dominates the variations in short wavelengths, while the latter two dominate at longer wavelengths. The effects on proper flat-fielding, as well as on photometric/flux calibrations for photometric/slitless spectroscopic surveys, are discussed, particularly in blue filters/wavelengths. We also find that different model parameters are sensitive to flats of different wavelengths, depending on the relations between the electron absorption depth, photon absorption length, and CCD thickness. In order to model the wavelength-dependent variations of small-scale flats, a small number (around 10) of small-scale flats with well-selected wavelengths are sufficient to reconstruct small-scale flats in other wavelengths.
Rubus kaznowskii (Rosaceae), a new bramble species from south-central Poland
Authors: Kosiński Piotr , Maliński Tomasz , Nobis Marcin , Rojek-Jelonek Magdalena , Tomaszewski Dominik , Dering Monika , Zieliński Jerzy
Published: November 2021

Based on field research in south-central Poland, supplemented with a review of herbarium materials, we identified a stable bramble biotype with a range large enough (190 km distance between the outermost stands) to be described as a new regional agamic species, Rubus kaznowskiisp.nov. It belongs to the series Subthyrsoidei(sect. Corylifolii). Although R. kaznowskii has a unique combination of features, it can be potentially mistaken for R. gothicus. It differs from the latter species in many aspects, including: pruinose primocanes, denser indumentum of the abaxial leaf surface, and more curved prickles on the petiole. R. kaznowskii has mainly been observed on rusty soils, in habitats of mixed coniferous and mixed broadleaf forests, usually in sunny places, along forest margins and roads, in clearings and roadside thickets.
Les sites funéraires et mémoriels de la Grande Guerre comme patrimoine « mondial » : la mobilisation d’une catégorie scalaire inconcevable ?
Authors: Hertzog Anne
Published: November 2021

Depuis quelques années, la catégorie du « mondial » tend à s’imposer dans les pratiques de patrimonialisation des conflits, y compris dans la volonté d’inscrire certains champs de bataille sur la Liste du patrimoine mondial. Cette contribution analyse la pluralité des échelles mobilisées dans la candidature transnationale d’un bien en série associé aux sites funéraires et mémoriels de la Grande Guerre. L’usage d’une nouvelle catégorie scalaire pour identifier et qualifier la valeur de ce bien ne fait pas disparaître – loin s’en faut – la référence au « national » ou au « local », et questionne la possibilité de la construction d’une valeur « universelle » associée aux sites de guerre.
F(r)ictions d’échelles : les enjeux politiques de l’inscription des savoir-faire de l’Arc horloger franco-suisse à l’UNESCO
Authors: Munz Hervé
Published: November 2021

Qu’est-ce qu’une approche du patrimoine culturel immatériel (pci) focalisée sur les géographies imaginées des acteurs et organisations sociaux peut révéler des formes d’appartenance communautaire ? Pour répondre à la question, cet article s’intéresse au cas des savoir-faire horlogers en Suisse et en France, et plus particulièrement à la constitution de la candidature « Savoir-faire en mécanique horlogère et mécanique d’art », cadrée à l’échelle de l’Arc transjurassien et inscrite sur la Liste représentative pour la sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel immatériel en décembre 2020. Il examine ces géographies imaginées, et les enjeux qui les soustendent, en tant que « systèmes scalaires » mobilisés de différentes manières par des personnes et des groupes issus des mondes de l’horlogerie, de l’administration et des sciences humaines dans ces deux pays, entre eux et dans la région transfrontalière qui les relie.
Novel Postoperative Dropless Protocol for Micro-Incision Vitrectomy Surgery
Authors: Brown Gordon T. , Karth Peter A. , Hunter Allan A.
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the outcomes of a novel postoperative dropless protocol for 25-gauge and 27-gauge micro-incision vitrectomy surgery (MIVS).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

The institutional review board approved a single-center, retrospective study. A total of 493 surgeries were identified, and 451 cases from 369 patients met eligibility criteria. Instead of pre- or postoperative drops, patients were given a novel postoperative dropless protocol consisting of subconjunctival injections of a 1:1 cefazolin:dexamethasone mix at each sclerotomy and intravitreally, and injection of posterior sub-Tenon's Kenalog. Primary outcome measure was cases of postoperative endophthalmitis.

RESULTS:

There was one presumed case of endophthalmitis. Anterior chamber paracentesis sample was negative for culture and Gram stain. For all patients, mean logMAR best-corrected visual acuity improved from 0.65 (±0.69) to 0.57 (±0.61) postoperatively (
P
= 0.004). Mean intraocular pressure increased from 14.5 (±4.3) to 15.5 (±4.8) postoperatively (
P
< 0.001). Mean follow-up was 96 days.

CONCLUSION:

This novel postoperative dropless protocol could potentially be a convenient alternative to topical eye drops for patients undergoing MIVS, but further study is required to establish its safety.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2021;52:587–592.]
Race and Socioeconomic Status in Anti-VEGF Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Malhotra Nisha A. , Muste Justin , Hom Grant L. , Conti Thais F. , Greenlee Tyler E. , Singh Rishi P.
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Although people of low socioeconomic status (SES) and certain racial groups are at greater risk of developing diabetic macular edema (DME), the extent these high-risk groups experience treatment differences is unknown. This study characterizes anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injection use for DME.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Data were collected from an electronic health record at the Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation for patients who received anti-VEGF treatment for DME between 2012 and 2019 (
N
= 500).

RESULTS:

White patients on average received more injections over a 1-year period than Black patients (4.93 ± 3.14 vs 3.20 ± 2.43;
P
< .0001) and had fewer no-show appointments (1.39 ± 2.08 vs 3.23 ± 3.39;
P
< .0001). There is an association between living in communities with lower average incomes and receiving fewer anti-VEGF injections (3.06 ± 2.70 vs 4.88 ± 3.19;
P
= .005).

CONCLUSIONS:

DME treatment differs based on race and SES. Racial and SES associations with anti-VEGF injections present potential obstacles for delivering optimal ophthalmic care.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2021;52:578–585.]
Competitiveness of South Africa's agri-food commodities
Authors: Bahta Yonas T. ,   Department of Agricultural Economics, University of the Free State, 205 Nelson Mandela drive, Agricultural Building, P.o.box.339, Internal box 58, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
Published: November 2021

This research aims to determine the competitiveness of South African agri-food products and the factors that influence them. The study applied a comparative advantage (RCA) index, Lafay Index (LFI), Export Diversification Index (EDI), Major export category (MEC), Hirschman index (HI), and regression analysis. The study revealed a mixed result of RCA and LFI of agri-food commodities during 2000–2018. Some commodities such as tobacco and rawhides have a comparative advantage. On the other hand, vegetables, fruit, and coffee showed a comparative disadvantage. At the same time, the LFI revealed a significant comparative advantage from 2000 to 2003 for agri-food commodities of fish and sugar, sugar preparations, and honey. EDI was near zero for all commodities, indicating that the trading structure was less concentrated. Hirschman index (HI) demonstrated that all commodities showed a reduced concentration throughout the study period. The results of regression analysis on factors that influence the competitiveness of agri-food commodities were varied. Agriculture productivity and GDP per capita had a favorable impact on comparative advantage. Macroeconomic stability had a mixed result, with agri-food commodities having positive and negative effects. South Africa had a less concentrated trade structure and did not depend on international trade from the agri-food industry. These evaluations provide policymakers with information on agri-food competitiveness and the factors that influence the industry's competitiveness.
Approximate controllability of neutral delay integro-differential inclusion of order $ \alpha\in (1, 2) $ with non-instantaneous impulses
Authors: Kumar Avadhesh , Kumar Ankit , Vats Ramesh Kumar , Kumar Parveen
Published: November 2021

This paper aims to establish the approximate controllability results for fractional neutral integro-differential inclusions with non-instantaneous impulse and infinite delay. Sufficient conditions for approximate controllability have been established for the proposed control problem. The tools for study include the fixed point theorem for discontinuous multi-valued operators with the \begin{document}$ \alpha- $\end{document}resolvent operator. Finally, the proposed results are illustrated with the help of an example.
Multimedia resources and movies in the new perspectives on teaching geography through CLIL and ICT
Authors: Tarricone Ester Cristina Lucia ,   Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Sassari, Italy
Published: November 2021

This paper examines the new perspectives on geographic education teaching contents through a foreign language. Covid-19 pandemic transformed teaching and learning environments and methods through the activation of distance learning in many schools around the world. In their new role of virtual classroom facilitators, teachers tried to offer an educational service through multiple multimedia resources and visual aids. The effects of the growing use of digital technologies in teaching methodologies show that these tools can be a valuable aid also for understanding the interdisciplinary nature of geography through the use of audiovisual materials and a vehicular language, that is a foreign language used as a medium of transmission of contents through CLIL approach. The research focuses on the advantages offered by the use of multimedia resources and movies to encourage interdisciplinary skills. According to many scholars, authentic materials and films in particular, boost students to acquire linguistic competences and a deeper understanding of geography.
La revolución seroterápica´ en Buenos Aires. Tensiones y articulaciones políticas y profesionales en torno a la investigación científica y la producción de sueros (1894-1904)
Authors: Facundo Rojas Nicolás , Zabala Juan Pablo
Published: November 2021

Este trabajo analiza la recepción de la seroterapia en Argentina a fines del siglo XIX. Nuestro argumento es que la incorporación de la seroterapia y el desarrollo de agentes terapéuticos supuso una serie de cambios significativos en el campo sanitario en tres dimensiones: a) en las políticas sanitarias, por la incorporación de la función de investigación y producción de agentes terapéuticos por parte de la principal autoridad sanitaria (en relación estrecha con la Escuela de Medicina de Buenos Aires); b) en la práctica profesional, por los cambios que introdujo el trabajo experimental en la relación médico-paciente; y c) en la configuración social del campo médico sanitario, donde a partir de una serie de disputas y conflictos se consolidó el liderazgo de un grupo de médicos ligados a la bacteriología. De este modo, esta nueva terapéutica fue un dinamizador de la actividad y tuvo una incidencia importante en la trayectoria de diferentes actores sociales y espacios institucionales ligados a la salud en el Buenos Aires de fines del siglo XIX.
Experimental analysis and design strength models adopted by international guides for FRP-confined concrete columns subjected to axial compression
Authors: Gutiérrez J.P. , Martínez S. , De Diego A. , Castro V.J. , Echevarría L.
Published: November 2021

Carbon fiber jacketing is an efficient technique for increasing the strength and strain capacity of concrete circular and square section columns subjected to axial load, although confinement efficiency decreases for rectangular cross-section members. The research project BIA 2016-80310-P includes an experimental program on intermediate-size plain concrete specimens strengthened with carbon fiber jackets, mostly with square and rectangular cross-sections. The results, alongside others with similar characteristics from two databases published, are compared to predictions of four international guides. The incidence of the key parameters in the experimental results is analyzed, such as the aspect ratio of the section, the effective strain in FRP jacket attained at failure or the rounded corner radius. As a result, two efficiency strain factors are proposed, one for circular and another for rectangular specimens. The predictions contained in certain guides, based on a simple linear design-model, are improved by using the proposed efficiency strain factor for rectangular sections.
Analysis of the Cooling Concept of the Braking System of a Formula Student Racing Car Using CFD Simulation and 1D Simulation
Authors: Stauch Rainer , Bög Jens , Grabant Stefan , König Robin , Traub Dominic
Published: November 2021

In order to guarantee the performant operation of the braking system of a racing car under high load an optimized thermal design of the braking system is an important factor. Especially in motorsports, a lot of braking energy is converted into heat due to short and intense braking events. Therefore, a suitable cooling concept is a crucial point to ensure a reliable thermal management of the braking system to dissipate the generated heat. In this work, the braking system of the formula student racing car of the UAS Esslingen is analysed using the racing car of the season 2019. A transient 1D simulation model of the heat balance of the braking system is created. For the determination of the heat transfer coefficients a steady 3D Conjugate Heat Transfer (CHT) simulation model is set up. The logging data of a real race are used for the validation of the presented model (s). The heat balance of the braking system, its entire heat flows as well as the time-dependent temperature evaluation of the brake disc are analysed and compared. The results of this analysis are used to create a cooling concept for the racing car’s braking system, to ensure an optimized braking performance over the entire race. Several different (geometrical) variants of the thermal design of the braking system are investigated using the above mentioned numerical models and the results are presented. Furthermore, the implementation of a cooling duct for the braking system is studied.
Analysis of the Influence of Continuous-Drive Friction Welding on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the UNS C64200 Bronze-Aluminum-Silicon Alloy
Authors: Monteiro P.S.P. , dos Santos Givanildo Alves , Nakamoto Francisco Yastami , Nascimento Mauricio S. , Teram Rogerio , dos Santos Vinicius Torres , da Silva Marcio Rodrigues , Couto Antonio Augusto , Machado Izabel Fernanda , Brandi Sergio
Published: November 2021

Friction welding (FRW) is an important commercial solid-state welding process in which coalescence is achieved by frictional heat combined with pressure. The objective of this work is to analyze the microstructure and the mechanical behavior of the copper alloy UNS C64200 – bronze-aluminum-silicon, as well as to raise the ideal welding parameters so that there is adequate weldability after process of continuous-drive friction welding. Regarding the analysis of the microstructure, scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize phases. The mechanical properties were evaluated by means of a hardness test of the center of the welded joint, traversing the entire extent of the thermally affected zone. Results show that the UNS C64200 alloy, when subjected to conventional friction welding, behaves satisfactorily in terms of weldability, without the appearance of cracks or defects arising from the temperature characteristic of this process, as well as good hardness with values above the minimum established in norm and higher than the base material.
Evaluation of Secondary Flow between Rotating Concentric Spheres Using a Perturbation Method
Authors: Corral-Bustamante R. Leticia , Pérez Antonino  H. , Márquez Alfredo L.
Published: November 2021

A new approach to evaluate the Newtonian flow between concentric rotating spheres is introduced in this paper. A general analytic solution to the problem is deduced using a perturbation method that takes into account the primary and secondary flows produced between the spheres, as well as an alternative analytical method. In order to exemplify the results of the previous analysis, six particular cases were studied. The results of the perturbation method show that under certain circumstances the secondary flow is no negligible, as is usually considered, but it is comparable to the value of the primary one. While the analytical method allows us to simulate the flow with results very similar to those of other authors.
Thermal and Environmental Benefits of 3D Printing on Building Construction
Authors: Guimarães A.S. , Delgado João M.P.Q. , Lucas S.S.
Published: November 2021

The main goal of this work is the analysis of the thermal and environmental benefits of 3D printing on building construction. Present literature reports a considerable number of benefits for 3D printing, namely reduction of material use, lower operational costs and time saving. Authors also mention design freedom, higher efficiency, productivity and quality. This work presents the most important advances in 3D printing in civil engineering, specifically, a critical review of the thermal and environmental benefits of 3D printing on building construction. The limitations of construction 3D printing with focus on large-scale applications, technology costs, mix development and optimisation and thermal behaviour will be, also, defined.
An Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome–Causative Point Mutation in Adar1 Gene Invokes Multiorgan Inflammation and Late-Onset Encephalopathy in Mice
Authors: Inoue Maal , Nakahama Taisuke , Yamasaki Ryuichiro , Shibuya Toshiharu , Kim Jung In , Todo Hiroyuki , Xing Yanfang , Kato Yuki , Morii Eiichi , Kawahara Yukio
Published: November 2021

Aicardi–Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a congenital inflammatory disorder accompanied by overactivated type I IFN signaling and encephalopathy with leukodystrophy and intracranial calcification. To date, none of the mouse models carrying an AGS-causative mutation has mimicked such brain pathology. Here, we established a mutant mouse model carrying a K948N point mutation, corresponding to an AGS-causative K999N mutation, located in a deaminase domain of the Adar1 gene that encodes an RNA editing enzyme. Adar1K948N/K948N mice displayed postnatal growth retardation. Hyperplasia of splenic white pulps with germinal centers and hepatic focal inflammation were observed from 2 mo of age. Inflammation developed in the lungs and heart with lymphocyte infiltration in an age-dependent manner. Furthermore, white matter abnormalities with astrocytosis and microgliosis were detected at 1 y of age. The increased expression of IFN-stimulated genes was detected in multiple organs, including the brain, from birth. In addition, single-nucleus RNA sequencing revealed that this elevated expression of IFN-stimulated genes was commonly observed in all neuronal subtypes, including neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. We further showed that a K948N point mutation reduced the RNA editing activity of ADAR1 in vivo. The pathological abnormalities found in Adar1K948N/K948N mice were ameliorated by either the concurrent deletion of MDA5, a cytosolic sensor of unedited transcripts, or the sole expression of active ADAR1 p150, an isoform of ADAR1. Collectively, such data suggest that although the degree is mild, Adar1K948N/K948N mice mimic multiple AGS phenotypes, including encephalopathy, which is caused by reduced RNA editing activity of the ADAR1 p150 isoform.
Intracerebral Haemorrhage
Authors: Chhikara Swati , Kumar Vijay , Hebbar Shrikiran , Prabhu Santosh P. , Thotan Sundeep P. , Mundkur Suneel C.
Published: November 2021

Phaeochromocytoma is a rare childhood adrenal medullary catecholamine secreting tumour, arising from the chromaffin cells of the sympathetic origin derived from the neural crest cells. Only a few cases have been reported in the literature so far. We report an uncommon presentation in a 5-year-old boy with intracerebral haemorrhage, hemiplegia, and paroxysmal hypertension. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed chronic and acute hemorrhagic infarcts in the left cerebral hemisphere and no vascular anomaly seen on cerebral venogram. Computed tomography scan abdomen showed a mass in the lesser sac and urinary catecholamines were elevated. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy and the mass was excised in toto. Histopathological examination (HPE) confirmed the diagnosis. This case illustrates the need for keeping in mind atypical presentations of phaeochromocytoma especially in children; as it is a treatable cause of hypertension and early diagnosis with adequate management can prevent morbidity and fatal outcomes.
Comparison of Mini-Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy by Standard and Miniperc Instruments in Pediatric Population
Authors: Mahajan Abhay Dinkar , Mahajan Sumeeta Abhay
Published: November 2021

Objective:

The objective of this study was to compare mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) performed by standard and Miniperc techniques in pediatric patients.

Materials and Methods:

This was a retrospective study conducted at our institution between January 2012 and December 2017. The outcomes of pediatric renal stones treated by mini-PCNL done by Miniperc and standard techniques were compared in terms of the drop in the hemoglobin, stone-free rate, and analgesic requirement in the first 24 h.

Results:

A total of 57 children (age: 1–16 years), who underwent mini-PCNL by Miniperc equipment (n = 23) and standard equipment (n = 34), were included in this study. The postoperative mean drop in hemoglobin was significantly higher in mini-PCNL done by standard compared to the Miniperc technique. The stone-free rate was 95.65% in the Miniperc group and 94.12% in the standard mini-PCNL group. The need for analgesics was significantly lower in the Miniperc group compared to the standard mini-PCNL group (P = 0.0002). In the Miniperc group, the majority of the patients required only one dose of analgesics, whereas, in the standard mini-PCNL group, around 44% of the patients required three or more than three doses of analgesics to reduce postoperative pain.

Conclusion:

Both the techniques were safe and efficacious in the management of pediatric renal stone and stone clearance. However, the Miniperc technique resulted in significantly less pain and a lower dosage of analgesics.
Potential Role of Serum Intestinal Fatty Acid-Binding Protein as a Marker for Early Prediction and Diagnosis of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates
Authors: Shaaban Amin I. E. , Alfqy Osama A. E. , Shaaban Howayda M. K. , A-Maqsoud Yahya H. , Assar Effat H.
Published: November 2021

Introduction:

Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) is located in the apex of mature enterocytes and released into circulation; once the injury of enterocyte happens, its circulating levels are considered an early and sensitive marker of intestinal ischemia as in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC); because of its small molecular weight, it can be detected in urine.

Aims:

The aim was to study the usefulness of both serum and urine I-FABP in early diagnosis of NEC and to correlate the serum and urinary levels.

Settings and Design:

This study was case–control design.

Methods:

Simultaneous serum and urine samples obtained at the onset of symptoms, in 40 preterms with suspected NEC, with gestational age ± 27.70 weeks and birth weight ± 1.11 kg, i.e., 20 preterms diagnosed at Stage I, 12 preterms at Stage II, and 8 preterms at Stage III, were compared with age- and weight-matched preterms with no NEC.

Statistical Analysis:

The collected data were tabulated, coded, and then analyzed using the computer program Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS version 22).

Results:

Serum levels of I-FABP in NEC cases were significantly higher than the control group, with a mean of 6005.77 ± 6384.77 and 1480.79 ± 1276.48 pg/ml, respectively (P < 0.001). Urine levels of I-FABP in NEC cases were significantly higher than the control group, with a mean of 5009.22 ± 3941.64 and 2677.62 ± 2257.29 pg/ml, respectively (P = 0.04). Both serum and urine I-FABP levels not only in Stage II are significantly higher than Stage I but also in Stage III are significantly higher than Stage I and II (P < 0.001, P = 0.03, respectively), which showed significant positive correlation with stages of NEC (r = 0.618; P < 0.001; r = 0.306; P = 0.049, respectively). Both serum and urine I-FABP levels had a highly significant positive correlation with each other (r = 0.406 P < 0.0001). Receiving operating characteristic curve showed an area under the curve of 0.92 and 0.81 for serum and urine I-FABP, respectively.

Conclusions:

Whether serum or urinary I-FABP is valuable in the diagnosis and prediction of NEC and strongly correlated with the disease severity and with each other.
Chronicling school principals’ experiences on school management in the context of COVID-19 stringency
Authors: Mutongoza Bonginkosi Hardy , Olawale Babawande Emmanuel , Mzilikazi Busiswa
Published: November 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic experience has brought to the forefront the importance of leadership as institutions across the world are now trying to emerge from hibernation and rebuild broken academic practices. As such, this study sought to examine school principals’ experiences on school management in the context of COVID-19 stringency in four rural schools in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Underpinned by a qualitative research approach, the study employed a case study design in which semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from four rural school principals who had been purposively sampled. Findings of the study revealed that in order to combat challenges associated with teaching and learning, school principals engaged among other things, in mobilization of resources, engendering a technological culture among teachers, ensuring effective delivery of content. We further ascertained that although hamstrung by resource inadequacies, school principals in rural schools promoted school safety by ensuring transparent and effective communication, striving for the provision of safe and adequate facilities, among other things. Finally, our study also revealed that rural school principals ensured clear and consistent communication with staff, provided psychosocial assistance to staff members, and adapted performance and workload expectations.
Tragedi Keluarga Nuh dan Pengabaian Anggota Keluarga: Tafsir Kejadian 9:18-29
Authors: Panjaitan Firman , Kusumaningdyah Dwi Ratna
Published: November 2021

The primary condition of a blessed family is to live in moral holiness and mutual respect for one another. When concern for family members is neglected, what happens is a tragedy that divides the family. Likewise with Noah's family, unable to maintain the integrity of the family due to the dishonor of Ham's behavior. Blessings and curses follow this attitude. This study explores the meaning of Genesis 9:18-29 using the Narrative Method, which is then relevant to the present. This study proves that respect for each family member will bring blessings to the next generation, and vice versa, that disrespect brings division to the family and its descendants.
Menyoal Konsep Kesembuhan Tubuh: Suatu Kajian Teologis
Authors: Stevanus Kalis
Published: November 2021

The Bible records many texts dealing with the subject of healing the body. This study uses a literature approach by digging sources from journal articles and books and then analyzing them using the Bible to produce in-depth and comprehensive theological conclusions. The conclusion of this study shows that healing of the body can occur through natural healing, medical healing, and divine healing miracles or miracles. The implication is theological; Christians may believe that miracle healing still exists and can pray to God so that healing that comes from Him can be experienced now. And the practical implication is that Christians must still be responsible for taking care of their bodies' health proportionally because their bodies are the temple of God.