bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ISOLASI ASAM-9Z,12Z,15Z-OKTADEKATRIENOAT DARI BIJI SELASIH (Ocimum basilicum)
Authors: Fasya Ahmad Ghanaim , Retnowati Rurini , Rahman M. , Duengo Suleman , Warsito Warsito
Published: November 2015

The α-linolenic acid (9,12,15-octadecatrieonic acid) is omega-3 fatty acid that more active than other fatty acids to inhibit cell membrane damages, formation and growth of brain functions, antiinflamatory and prevent several cronic deseases like lung desease and arthrytis. Some research explain that geometri of omega-3 fatty acids had effect on its bioactivity. This research purpose was to isolate α-linolenic acid with geometry Z,Z,Z (9Z,12Z,15Z-oktadekatrienoat).

O. basilicum seeds oil was isolated from O. basilicum seeds using Soxhlet extraction with n-hexane, then hidrolized by 12 % solution of KOH in aquadest. The α-linolenic acid was separated from other fatty acids by urea inclusion methods. The optimum condition of urea inclusion was determined in various temperature     (+ 5, + 3, + 1, + (-1), + (-3), + (-5))0C and ratio of fatty acid : urea 1:1; 1:1,5; 1:2; 1:2,5; 1:3; 1:3,5; 1:4.

From this research, extraction of O. basilicum seeds oil with n-hexane as solvent resulted clear yellow-brown oil with refractive indeks 1,466 and density 0,855 g/mL. Gas Chromatography (GC) analysis of fatty acids hidrolyzed from   O. basilicum oil showed peak at tR= 19,949 minutes with relative percentage 70,72 %. Base on Mass Spectrum (MS), the fragmentation of this compound, with  tR= 19,949 minutes, was identic with 9Z,12Z,15Z-oktadecatrienoic acid.Isolation of α-linolenic acid from other fatty acids using urea inclusion at temperature 0-2 0C dan rasio fatty acid: urea 1:1,5 showed nonadduct fraction contains compound with tR= 19,980 minutes and relative percentage 88,51 %. Base on Mass Spectrum (MS), the fragmentation of this compound, with tR= 19,980 minutes, was identic with 9Z,12Z,15Z-oktadecatrienoic acid.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY TEST SEA CUCUMBER EXTRACT (Holothuria scabra) SIDAYU COAST GRESIK USING DISK DIFFUSION METHOD
Authors: Arifin Haris Nursyah , Ningsih Rachmawati , Fitrianingsih Avin Ainur , Hakim Abdul
Published: November 2015

Sea cucumber (Holothuria scabra) is one kind of sea cucumbers that contains of bioactive compound that can inhibit bacteria growth. This research aim to know the effect of methanol and n-hexane extract towards bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli bacterial growth and to identification estimation active compound group.

Sea cucumbers active compound extraction using maceration method with methanol and n-hexane as a solvent. Methanol and n-hexane crude extract conducted antibacterial assay using disk diffusion method towards bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and continued with reagent test to knowing active compound group.
The result of this research indicated that n-hexane extracts provide the best inhibition zone toward bacterium Escherichia coli at concentration 2000 ppm with among of inhibition zone 1,75 mm, while at bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi does not provide inhibition zone. Methanol extract does not provide inhibition zone towards bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli. The result of reagent test indicated compound that detected in n-hexane extract is saponins
OPTIMASI METODE PENENTUAN KADAR LOGAM TEMBAGA DAN TIMBAL DALAM GULA PASIR SECARA SPEKTROFOTOMETRI SERAPAN ATOM DENGAN DESTRUKSI MICROWAVE DIGESTION
Authors: Dewi Diana Candra , Fauziyah Begum , Suryadinata Arief , Annisa Dewi , Afifah Nurul
Published: November 2015

Tembaga (Cu) dan Timbal (Pb) adalah bahan ikutan yang ditemukan dalam gula pasir. Penelitian ini  bertujuan mengetahui performa analitik kurva standar dengan penentuan suhu dan waktu terbaik destruksi menggunakan microwave digestion, serta performa analitik kurva adisi standar menggunakan suhu dan waktu terbaik destruksi.

Penelitian  ini  meliputi penentuan performa  analitik  untuk kurva  standar yaitu linearitas, batas deteksi dan batas kuantitasi, sensitivitas, akurasi serta presisi untuk larutan standar Cu dan Pb, kemudian dilakukan pendestruksian sampel gula pasir dengan destruksi basah menggunakan microwave digestion dengan variasi suhu 160, 180 dan 200 oC dan variasi waktu 10, 15, 20 dan 30 menit dan waktu penyimpanan 1 sampai 5 hari. Penentuan  performa  analitik  juga ditentukan pada  kurva adisi standar untuk larutan Cu dan Pb yang telah ditambahkan sampel hasil destruksi.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : Suhu dan waktu terbaik destruksi gula pasir menggunakan microwave digestion untuk analisis Cu yaitu suhu 200 oC dan waktu 15 menit serta waktu penyimpanan sampai 3 hari. Suhu dan waktu terbaik microwave digestion untuk menganalisa logam timbal (Pb) adalah 180 0C dan 10 menit serta waktu penyimpanan hanya sampai 1 hari. Performa  analitik  untuk kurva  standar  tembaga (Cu) meliputi r2 = 0,9993; LOD (Limit of Detection) 0,0011 ppm dan LOQ (Limit of Quantitation) 0,0036 ppm;  sensitivitas 0,2; rata-rata akurasi sebesar 99.96%; serta presisi 9,46%, sedangkan performa  analitik  untuk  kurva  adisi  standar  tembaga (Cu)  meliputi  r2 = 0,9999; LOD 0,0012 ppm dan LOQ 0,004 ppm; sensitivitas 0,1729, rata-rata akurasi sebesar 100,07% serta presisi 5,38%. Performasi analitik untuk kurva standar timbal (Pb) meliputi r2 = 0,9999; LOD 0,0019 ppm,  LOQ 0,0066 ppm; sensitivitas 0,1069 ppm ; rata-rata akurasi sebesar 99,56 % serta presisi 2,32 %. Performasi analitik kurva adisi standar timbal (Pb) meliputi r2 = 0,9999; LOD 0,0018 ppm, LOQ 0,0060 ppm; sensitivitas 0,1090 ppm; rata-rata akurasi sebesar 100,01 % serta presisi 1,94 %.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK METANOL ALGA MERAH Eucheuma spinosum DARI PERAIRAN WONGSOREJO BANYUWANGI
Authors: Hanapi Ahmad , Fasya Ahmad Ghanaim , Mardiyah Ulfatul , Miftahurrahmah Miftahurrahmah
Published: November 2015

Telah dilakukan pengujian aktivitas antioksidan, antibakteri dan identifikasi senyawa aktif ekstrak metanol alga merah Eucheuma spinosum. Ekstraksi senyawa aktif dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan metanol. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH dengan menentukan nilai EC50, sedangkan pengujian aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi cakram terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak metanol Eucheuma spinosum tergolong sangat kuat dengan nilai EC50 22,13 ppm, sedangkan aktivitas atibakterinya terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli tergolong lemah dengan daya hambat pada konsentrasi 80 mg/mL secara berturut-turut sebesar 4 mm dan 3 mm. Uji fitokimia ekstrak metanol alga merah E. spinosum menunjukkan adanya kandungan golongan senyawa flavonoid, triterpenoid dan asam askorbat.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK METANOL MIKROALGA Chlorella sp. HASIL KULTIVASI DALAM MEDIUM EKSTRAK TAUGE (MET) PADA TIAP FASE PERTUMBUHAN
Authors: Fasya Ahmad Ghanaim , Khamidah Umi , Amaliyah Suci , B. Siti Khairul , Romaidi Romaidi
Published: November 2015

Chlorella sp. merupakan salah satu jenis mikroalga Chlorophyta yang mengandung berbagai senyawa penting yang seperti flavonoid, tanin, senyawa fenolik, terpenoid, klorofil dan karotenoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak mikroalga Chlorella sp. hasil ekstraksi dengan pelarut metanol pada tiap fase pertumbuhan serta untuk mengetahui kandungan golongan senyawa aktif dalam ekstrak mikroalga Chlorella sp. Chlorella sp. dikultivasi dalam Medium Ekstrak Tauge (MET) 4 %. Pemanenan Chlorella sp. dilakukan pada fase ½ eksponensial, fase ¾ eksponensial, fase awal stasioner, fase stasioner, dan fase akhir stasioner. Ekstraksi mikroalga Chlorella sp. dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut metanol. Ekstrak metanol dari masing-masing fase diuji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi cakram terhadap bakteri E. coli dan S. aureus. Identifikasi golongan senyawa aktif dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji reagen secara kualitatif yang meliputi alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid, triterpenoid, dan tanin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol Chlorella sp. yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri tertinggi adalah pada fase stasioner dengan zona hambat sebesar 9,9 mm terhadap bakteri E. coli dan 12,0 mm terhadap bakteri S. aureus. Hasil identifikasi golongan senyawa aktif menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol Chlorella sp. mengandung golongan senyawa steroid dan tanin.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN TERHADAP DPPH DAN IDENTIFIKASI GOLONGAN SENYAWA AKTIF EKSTRAK KASAR MIKROALGA Chlorella sp. HASIL KULTIVASI DALAM MEDIUM EKSTRAK TAUGE
Authors: Bariyyah Siti Khairul , Hanapi Ahmad , Fasya Ahmad Ghanaim , Abidin Munirul
Published: November 2015

Chlorella sp. merupakan salah satu tumbuhan tingkat rendah yang mempunyai potensi untuk dimanfaatkan, sebagaimana Firman Allah Swt. dalam al-Quran surat asy Syu’ara ayat 7. Chlorella sp. termasuk dalam spesies mikroalga dari kelompok Chlorophyta yang mengandung senyawa yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan seperti flavonoid, tanin, senyawa fenolik, terpenoid, klorofil dan karotenoid. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi aktivitas antioksidan dan golongan senyawa aktif dari Chlorella sp. yang ditumbuhkan dalam Medium Ekstrak Tauge (MET).

Chlorella sp. dikultivasi dalam MET 4 % dan pemanenan dilakukan pada hari ke-10. Ekstraksi Chlorella sp. dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan dua variasi pelarut yaitu metanol dan etil asetat. Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak kasar Chlorella sp. dilakukan dengan uji DPPH secara spektrofotometri sinar tampak. Identifikasi golongan senyawa aktif dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji reagen secara kualitatif yang meliputi alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid, triterpenoid, tanin, dan asam askorbat.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerapatan sel tertinggi (4,6 x 105 sel/mL) saat kultivasi Chlorella sp. dalam MET terjadi pada hari ke-10. Rendemen dari ekstrak metanol dan ekstrak etil asetat Chlorellasp. berturut-turut adalah 7,001 % dan 3,673 %. Ekstrak metanol Chlorella sp. mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan yang kuat dengan nilai EC50 sebesar 18,610 ppm, begitu juga dengan ekstrak etil asetat yang mempuyai nilai EC50 sebesar 27,320 ppm. Hasil identifikasi golongan senyawa aktif yang terkandung dalam ekstrak kasar Chlorella sp. menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol mengandung steroid, tanin dan asam askorbat, sedangkan ekstrak etil asetat mengandung tanin dan asam askorbat.
PENENTUAN KAPASITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN KANDUNGAN FENOLIK TOTAL EKSTRAK KASAR TERIPANG PASIR (Holothuriascabra) DARI PANTAI KENJERAN SURABAYA
Authors: Wafa Juliyantoro Ali , Adi Tri Kustono , Hanapi Ahmad , Fasya Ahmad Ghanaim
Published: November 2015

Kapasitas antioksidan dan fenolik total ekstrak teripang pasir (Holothuriascabra) dari Pantai Kenjeran, Surabaya telah dianalisis. Ekstrak kasar diperoleh dengan maserasi-partisi menggunakan metanol dan n-heksana. Penentuan kapasitas antioksidan dari kedua ekstrak kasar metanol dan n-heksana dilakukan menggunakan uji DPPH, sedangkan fenolik total menggunakan metode Folin-Ciocalteau. Uji reagen dan Kromatografi Lapisan Tipis (KLT) juga dilakukan untuk identifikasi awal dan pemisahan senyawa yang tidak diketahui dari ekstrak keduanya.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol dan n-heksana memiliki kapasitas antioksidan 78,92% dan 94,82%. Fenolik total ekstrak metanol dan n-heksan yang diperoleh sebesar 69,09 mg EAG/g sampel dan 58.01 mg EAG/g sampel. Identifikasi awal dari ekstrak kasar menunjukkan adanya senyawa triterpenoid pada ekstrak metanol dan senyawa saponin pada ekstrak n-heksana. KLT pada ekstrak metanol menggunakan n-butanol:NH4OH (4:1) diperoleh empat spot.
KAPASITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN KANDUNGAN TOTAL SENYAWA FENOLIK EKSTRAK KASAR ALGA COKLAT Sargassum cristaefolium DARI PANTAI SUMENEP MADURA
Authors: Lailiyah Ahwalul , Adi Tri Kustono , Yusnawan Eriyanto
Published: November 2015

Sumberdaya kelautan merupakan kekayaan alam yang memiliki peluang besar untuk dimanfaatkan. Salah satu sumber daya alam laut tersebut adalah alga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kapasitas antioksidan dan kandungan fenolik total pada ekstrak alga coklat Sargassum cristaefolium dari pantai Sumenep Madura serta mengetahui golongan senyawa yang memiliki kapasitas antioksidan tertinggi. Ekstraksi alga coklat dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan dua variasi pelarut yakni metanol dan n-heksana. Kandungan fenolik total ekstrak kasar dalam alga coklat ditentukan menggunakan metode Folin-Ciocalteu, sedangkan kapasitas antioksidannya diukur menggunakan metode DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil). Identifikasi golongan senyawa dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji reagen secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kasar metanol memiliki kandungan fenolik total sebesar 74,63 mg GAE/g sampel, lebih tinggi daripada  ekstrak kasar n-heksana (35,85 mg GAE/g sampel). Kapasitas antioksidan ekstrak kasar metanol sebesar 80,78 %, lebih besar dibandingkan dengan ekstrak n-heksana (74,98 %). Kedua ekstrak tersebut memiliki kapasitas antioksidan yang tergolong sedang, jika dibandingkan dengan antioksidan kuat, asam askorbat (99,26 %) dan BHT (99,09 %). Identifikasi golongan senyawa dengan menggunakan uji reagen pada alga coklat menunjukkan keberadaan senyawa golongan steroid di dalam ekstrak kasar metanol.
ISOLASI DAN KARAKTERISASI GELATIN DARI TULANG AYAM DENGAN METODE ASAM
Authors: Jannah Akyunul , Maunatin Anik , Windayanti Arin , Findianti Yuana , Mufidah Zulfiatul
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of gelatin by using raw materials bone chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) and the Broiler chickens for differences in the concentration of acetic acid immersion process ( curing ).The method used in this study is the preparation and broiler chicken bones , isolation of gelatin with various concentration of acetic acid in the curing process , the process of hydrolysis , extraction temperature rise and gelatin with gelatin obtained include the characterization of protein , water , ash and metal.
The results showed the highest yield of gelatin produced from Broiler chicken bone types with acetic acid concentration of 1 % , ie 3.25%. Gelatin highest protein content of 86.27 % of the types of Broiler chicken bone with acetic acid concentration of 1.5 %. Lowest ash content of 15.7 % gelatin from bone types Broiler chicken with 1 % acetic acid concentration , and from analysis using AAS contained Cu at 0.6 % (of the type of chicken bones, acetic acid concentration of 0.5 %) and Cu metal content of 1.1 % (of the type of Broiler chicken bones, acetic acid concentration of 1 %. highest moisture content of 0.17 % gelatin from bone types Kampung chicken with 1 % acetic acid concentration
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN FRAKSI ETIL ASETAT, KLOROFORM, PETROLEUM ETER, DAN N-HEKSANA HASIL HIDROLISIS EKSTRAK METANOL MIKROALGA Chlorella sp.
Authors: Anggraeni Ony Novia , Fasya Ahmad Ghanaim , Hanapi Ahmad
Published: November 2015

Al Qur’an surat Luqman ayat 10 menyebutkan bahwa Allah menciptakan tumbuh-tumbuhan yang bermanfaat bagi manusia. Chlorella sp. merupakan jenis mikroalga yang mengandung komponen bioaktif sebagai antioksidan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan fraksi etil asetat, kloroform, petroleum eter dan n-heksana hasil hidrolisis ekstrak metanol mikroalga Chlorellasp., serta mengetahui golongan senyawa yang terdapat pada ekstrak mikroalga Chlorellasp. hasil identifikasi dari uji reagen dan kromatografi lapis tipis.

Chlorella sp. dikultivasi dalam MET 4 % dan pemanenan dilakukan pada hari ke-10. Chlorella sp. dimaserasi menggunakan metanol dan dihidrolisis dengan katalis HCl 2N. Selanjutnya dipartisi menggunakan pelarut n-heksana, petroleum eter, kloroform, dan etil asetat.Uji aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan metode DPPH secara spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Identifikasi golongan senyawa aktif dilakukan dengan  uji reagen dan KLTA.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai EC50 ekstrak metanol Chlorella sp., fraksi etil asetat, kloroform, petroleum eter, n-heksana, danfasa air berturut-turut 1.334; 332,7; 182; 27,26; 173,7; dan 1.411 ppm. Hasil identifikasi golongan senyawa aktif dengan uji reagen dan KLTA menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak Chlorella sp. mengandung steroid dan asam askorbat. Eluen yang baik untuk KLT steroid adalah n-heksana:aseton (7:3) dan n-heksana:etil asetat (7:3). Eluen terbaik untuk KLT asam askorbat adalah etanol p.a.:asam asetat 10% (9:1).
ANALISIS KADAR TIMBAL (Pb) PADA PERMEN BERKEMASAN SECARA SPEKTROFOTOMETRI SERAPAN ATOM (SSA) DENGAN VARIASI LARUTAN PENDESTRUKSI
Authors: Afifah Siti Nurul , Dewi Diana Candra , Ningsih Rahmawati
Published: November 2015

Allah berfirman dalam al Qur’an Surat al Ma’idah ayat 88 yang menjelaskan tentang anjuran makanan Halalan Thayyiban. Permen merupakan makanan yang banyak digemari oleh semua kalangan. Dalam permen berkemasan dapat mengandung timbal (Pb) dikarenakan oleh beberapa faktor; diantaranya adalah faktor bahan baku pembuatan permen yang telah mengandung timbal (Pb), faktor media produksi permen yang berbasis logam dengan proses pemanasan, faktor kemasan permen yang mengandung timbal (Pb); serta faktor zat aditif dalam permen.

Penelitian ini meliputi penentuan variasi larutan pendestruksi terbaik antara HNO3 p.a. (30 mL); HNO3 : H2SO4 (30 mL) perbandingan 3:1 serta HNO3 : H2SO4 : H2O2 (30 mL) perbandingan 3:2:1 lalu dilanjutkan dengan uji One Way Annova. Penentuan waktu kestabilan logam terbaik dalam sampel larutan pada hari ke-0; 1; 3; 7 dan hari ke-15. Penentuan kadar timbal (Pb) pada masing-masing sampel hard candy dan uji kesesuaian kadar dengan SNI hard candy.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada variasi larutan pendestruksi terbaik adalah HNO3 dan H2SO4 (3:1) dengan nilai rerata konsentrasi yang paling tinggi yaitu 21,35 mg/kg. Hasil Uji Annova adalah F hitung (10215) > F tabel (5,14) yang menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang siginifikan antara ketiga variasi larutan pendestruksi. Waktu kestabilan diperoleh berdasarkan Uji Annova pada hari ke-3 menuju hari ke-7 dengan hipotesis Ho-nya diterima dengan F hitung (0,455) < F tabel (7,71). Kadar timbal (Pb) yang ditemukan pada kelima sampel permen berkisar antara 25,3 mg/kg hingga 26,8 mg/kg. Berdasarkan acuan Sandar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) No. 3547.1:2008 bahwa kelima sampel permen tersebut tidak layak untuk dikonsumsi karena melebihi nilai ambang batas maksimum cemaran logam timbal (Pb) yaitu 2,0 mg/kg.
UJI FITOKIMIA DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI FRAKSI ETIL ASETAT, KLOROFORM DAN PETROLEUM ETER EKSTRAK METANOL ALGA COKLAT Sargassum vulgare DARI PANTAI KAPONG PAMEKASAN MADURA
Authors: Khoiriyah Siti , Hanapi Ahmad , Fasya Ahmad Ghanaim
Published: November 2015

Berdasarkan firman Allah SWT QS an Nahl ayat 14, Allah SWT telah memberikan nikmatNya berupa lautan beserta isinya agar manusia dapat bersyukur. Keragaman hayati dari laut berupa alga perlu dimanfaatkan keberadaannya. Salah satunya adalah alga coklat jenis Sargassum vulgare. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui fraksi pelarut yang memberikan aktivitas antibakteri tertinggi terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli serta untuk mengidentifikasi golongan senyawa aktif yang terkandung dalam fraksi pelarut yang memberikan aktivitas antibakteri tertinggi.

Alga coklat S. vulgare dimaserasi dengan metanol kemudian ekstrak metanol yang diperoleh dihidrolisis dengan katalis HCl 2 N dan dinetralkan dengan NaHCO3. Ekstrak hasil hidrolisis dipartisi dengan etil asetat, kloroform, dan petroleum eter. Lapisan organik yang diperoleh kemudian diuji aktivitas antibakterinya menggunakan metode difusi cakram terhadap bakteri S. aureus dan E. coli dengan konsentrasi ekstrak 0,5; 1; 2,5; 5; 7,5 dan 10 %. Fraksi pelarut yang memberikan aktivitas antibakteri tertinggi diidentifikasi golongan senyawanya menggunakan uji reagen (fitokimia) kemudian dipisahkan dengan kromatografi lapis tipis analitik.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fraksi pelarut yang memberikan aktivitas antibakteri tertinggi adalah etil asetat. Aktivitas antibakteri terbaik diperoleh pada konsentrasi ekstrak paling tinggi yaitu 10 % dengan zona hambat 8,5 mm terhadap bakteri S. aureus dan 6 mm terhadap bakteri E. coli. Berdasarkan uji fitokimia diketahui bahwa golongan senyawa yang terkandung dalam fraksi etil asetat adalah steroid. Berdasarkan pemisahan menggunakan KLTA diperoleh 6 spot yang merupakan golongan senyawa steroid.
Associations Between Salivary Bone Metabolism Markers and Periodontal Breakdown
Authors: Gursoy Ulvi K. , Liukkonen Joonas , Jula Antti , Huumonen Sisko , Suominen Anna L. , Puukka Pauli , Könönen Eija
Published: November 2015

Background: A dual relationship between glycemic status and bone remodeling was suggested recently. The present study aimed to 1) analyze salivary levels of receptor activator for nuclear factor κ‐B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin, osteocalcin, and osteopontin as potential biomarkers of alveolar bone loss and 2) determine whether the glycemic status affects the relationship between bone remodeling markers and periodontal status.

Methods: Salivary levels of RANKL, osteoprotegerin, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and serum glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, insulin, and glucose were analyzed in 220 participants divided into four groups according to their periodontal health status: 1) 79 participants had at least 14 teeth with probing depth (PD) ≥4 mm (generalized periodontitis [GP]); 2) 65 participants had either two or seven teeth with PD ≥4 mm (two groups of localized periodontitis [LP1 and LP2, respectively]); and 3) 76 participants had no teeth with PD ≥4 mm (non‐periodontitis control group).

Results: Salivary concentrations of RANKL, osteocalcin, and osteopontin were higher, and osteoprotegerin was lower in females than in males. Salivary osteoprotegerin concentrations were higher in the GP and LP2 groups than in the control group, whereas RANKL, osteocalcin, and osteopontin were not related with periodontal status. Salivary osteopontin correlated positively with serum and salivary insulin. The association observed between increased osteoprotegerin concentrations and periodontitis was lost after salivary insulin was included into the analyses as a confounding factor.

Conclusions: Salivary concentrations of bone markers are either affected by glycemic status or detected at very low levels. These factors hinder their use as salivary biomarkers of periodontitis.
Cell Responses to Conditioned Media Produced by Patient‐Matched Stem Cells Derived From Healthy and Inflamed Periodontal Ligament Tissues
Authors: Xia Yu , Tang Hao‐Ning , Wu Rui‐Xin , Yu Yang , Gao Li‐Na , Chen Fa‐Ming
Published: November 2015

Background: Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) derived from clinically compromised teeth with periodontitis are considered a readily accessible cell source, but their impaired stem cell functionalities, as observed in various in vitro and in vivo models, necessitate further investigation of these inflamed cells before their translation into therapeutic applications. In this study, the effects of conditioned media (CM) produced by stem cells derived from human healthy periodontal ligament tissues (H‐PDLSCs) or inflamed periodontal ligament tissues (I‐PDLSCs), referred to as H‐CM and I‐CM, respectively, on the biologic properties of H‐PDLSCs and I‐PDLSCs from the same donor are compared to explore the extent to which inflamed cells can be rescued by their extrinsic environment (i.e., by H‐CM).

Methods: H‐CM and I‐CM were prepared from in vitro cell cultures, and the cellular responses of H‐PDLSCs and I‐PDLSCs to patient‐matched H‐CM and I‐CM were investigated in terms of colony‐forming ability, cell proliferation, and adipogenic/osteogenic differentiation.

Results: In H‐CM and I‐CM, H‐PDLSCs and I‐PDLSCs exhibited similar adipogenic potential. However, when incubated in I‐CM, both cell types demonstrated an increased capacity to proliferate but a decreased capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts. Significantly, the impaired osteogenic differentiation of I‐PDLSCs was partially rescued by incubation in H‐CM under osteo‐inducing conditions.

Conclusion: The CM of patient‐matched H‐PDLSCs and I‐PDLSCs differed, and the impaired osteogenic differentiation of inflamed stem cells had the potential to be rescued, at least partially, for therapeutic use via changing the cell culture microenvironment in vitro.
THEORETICAL ARGUMENTATION OF MEDICAL AND INFORMATIONAL METHOD IN PROGRAM OF DENTAL IDENTIFICATION THE PERSONALITY USING DIGITAL PANORAMIC X-RAY PHOTOS
Authors: Kostenko Ye. Ya. , Klevno R. V.
Published: November 2015

The article presents the clinical and experimental substantiation of the method of dental identification by contrast contouring of iatrogenic interventions with an expert assessment of the dental status. The method showed its effectiveness in the three experimental groups of patients who have basic and repeated X-ray photos with a time interval of one to five years. He is part of a comprehensive medical information program of identification with an expert assessment of changes dental status in forensic dentistry along with methods of mapping the intensity of the image, the relevant cluster mapping objects of digital panoramic X-ray photos, constant anthropometric indexes of the lower jaw.
AUTOPSY PRACTICE IN CASES WITH PROXIMAL FEMUR FRACTURES IN LONG TERMS AFTER TRAUMA
Authors: Zhulin S. A.
Published: November 2015

In this article discussed autopsy cases with proximal femur fractures in long terms after trauma. Defined problems: evaluation of these fractures, as nontraumatic; necessity of practical recommendations about post-mortem criteria of osteoporosis degree.
NEW METHODS OF DIGITAL MICROSCOPY SYSTEM KEYENCE VHX-2000 IN DAILY PRACTICE OF MOSCOW REGION BUREAU OF FORENSIC MEDICAL EXAMINATION, MEDICAL AND FORENSIC DEPT
Authors: Bezpaly Yu. B. , Zolotenkova G. V. , Romanko N. A. , Muzipov E. R.
Published: November 2015

The article highlights the capabilities of a new digital microscopy system Keyence VHX-2000, allowing for the wide range of high level research, getting digital images for their further practical use. The authors noted functions of the device being applied most of all in the practice of medical and forensic department.
ON CONTINUING MEDICAL EDUCATION OF DOCTORS OF FORENSIC EXPERTS
Authors: Klevno V. A. , Kuchuk S. A. , Romanko N. A.
Published: November 2015

This article discusses the example of the organization of process of training doctors in continuous medical education based on the state health budget of the Moscow region «Bureau of forensic medical examination». Presents the methods and forms of the continuity of the educational cycle; algorithms achieve a trained professional competence within the traversed material. Procedures for accumulation of credits by the firm and other stakeholders.
THEORY AND PRACTICE OF EVALUTION OF HEALTH INJURY’S SEVERITY IN CASES WITH MENTAL DISORDERS
Authors: Klevno V. A. , Tkachenko A. A. , Chibisova I. A. , Kononov R. V.
Published: November 2015

This article deals with evaluation of health injury’s severity in cases with mental disorders. There are descriptions of different kinds of maladjustment. Main criteria of evaluation are temporary and permanent maladjustment.
CODING AND SELECTION OF THE UNDERLYNG CAUSE OF DEATH FOR INJURIES AND POISONINGS IN ACCORDANCE WITH ICD–10 UPDATES
Authors: Vaisman D. Sh.
Published: November 2015

The article is devoted to new coding rules and selection of the underlying cause of death for injuries and poisoning according to official WHO updates 1996–2012. The attention to obtaining reliable statistical information about the death for the detailed analysis that is a basis for development of the arrangements directed to decline avoidable mortality rates is paid.
Characterization of gibberellin 2-oxidase isoforms in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.)
Authors: Rahman Shafeeq , Gangaraj K.P. , Vasu Amal , Karun Anitha , Rajesh M.K.
Published: November 2015

<span style="line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-GB">Gibberellins (GAs) are plant hormones that are essential for many developmental processes in plants, including seed germination, stem elongation, leaf expansion, trichome development, pollen maturation and the induction of flowering. Gibberellin 2-oxidase (GA2-ox) regulates plant growth by inactivating endogenous bioactive GAs through 2β-hydroxylation. There is no information about GA2-ox encoding genes or their functions in coconut. In this study, we have identified 10 transcripts encoding different isoforms of GA2-ox from coconut leaf transcriptome data. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis revealed that these 10 transcripts represented different types of GA2-ox. The secondary structure, three dimensional structure and active sites of these 10 isoforms were predicted. Docking studies of different active GAs with these isoforms was also carried out.
Idiopathic Intervertebral Disc Calcification in a Child
Authors: He Bo , Nan Guoxin , Wang Zhongliang , Su Yuxi , Qin Jiaqiang
Published: November 2015

Case:

A seven-year-old girl presented to the emergency department with severe neck pain and restricted movement of sudden onset. A basic neurological examination supplemented by radiography showed calcification within the intervertebral disc at the C6-C7 level. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the spine confirmed the diagnosis and revealed additional calcification within the spine at the C3-C4, C7-T1, T1-T2, T4-T5, and T5-T6 levels.

Conclusion:

Idiopathic intervertebral disc calcification is a rare condition in children, and its etiology remains unclear. In this report, we present a rare case of idiopathic intervertebral disc calcification at numerous levels in a seven-year-old girl. The clinical and radiographic findings, laboratory examination, and follow-up are discussed.
Potato Response to Nitrogen Sources and Rates in an Irrigated Sandy Soil
Authors: Cambouris Athyna N. , St. Luce Mervin , Zebarth Bernie J. , Ziadi Noura , Grant Cynthia A. , Perron Isabelle
Published: November 2015

Management strategies to reduce N losses to the environment from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production while maintaining yields depend on selecting the right N source and rate. A 5‐yr (2008‐2012) field experiment was conducted on an irrigated sandy soil in Quebec, Canada, to examine the effect of N fertilizer source and rate on total (TY) and marketable tuber yield (MY), total plant N accumulation (vines + tubers), specific gravity, culls (unmarketable tubers), and apparent fertilizer N recovery (ANR). The treatments included an unfertilized control, and three N sources [ammonium nitrate (AN), ammonium sulfate (AS), and polymer‐coated urea (PCU)] applied at four rates (60, 120, 200, and 280 kg N ha−1). The PCU was applied 100% at planting and the AN and AS were applied 40% at planting and 60% at hilling. The TY and MY increased with N rate up to 200 kg N ha−1, but were similar among the N sources. On average, total plant N accumulation and ANR were greater for AN and PCU than AS. However in 2008, when there was a greater risk of N loss due to high rainfall, total plant N accumulation and ANR were greater for PCU than AN and AS. Tuber specific gravity and culls were influenced by N rate, but the response was dependent on soil and climatic conditions. Results suggest that, under humid conditions with irrigation, a one‐time application of PCU in potato production can minimize the risk of N loss without reducing tuber yield and quality.
Reduction of cyanogenic glycosides by extrusion - influence of temperature and moisture content of the processed material
Authors: Colovic Dusica , Levic Jovanka , Colovic Radmilo , Levic Ljubinko , Banjac Vojislav , Rakita Sladjana , Djuragic Olivera
Published: November 2015

?he paper presents results of the investigation of the influence of extrusion
temperature and moisture content of treated material on the reduction of
cyanogenic glycosides (CGs) in linseed-based co-extrudate. CGs are the major
limitation of the effective usage of linseed in animal nutrition. Hence, some
technological process must be applied for detoxification of linseed before
its application as a nutrient. Extrusion process has demonstrated several
advantages in reducing the present CGs, since it combines the influences of
heating, shearing, high pressure, mixing, etc. According to obtained results,
the increase in both temperature and moisture content of the starting mixture
decreased the content of CGs in the processed material. HCN content, as a
measurement of GCs presence, ranged from 25.42 mg/kg, recorded at the
moisture content of 11.5%, to 126 mg/kg, detected at the lowest moisture
content of 7%. It seems that moisture content and temperature had the impact
on HCN content of equal importance. However, the influence of extrusion
parameters other than temperature and moisture content could not be
neglected. Therefore, the impact of individual factors has to be tested
together.
Rheological and textural properties of cracker dough with addition of pea dietary fiber
Authors: Dokic Ljubica , Pajin Biljana , Fistes Aleksandar , Seres Zita , Soronja-Simovic Drаgana , Krstonosic Velјko
Published: November 2015

Consumers are becoming aware of health benefits of dietary fiber intake. In
past years, the development of products containing different fiber is
increasing. The aim of this research was to look into the effect of addition
pea fiber to dough for crackers. Rheological and textural properties were
evaluated. In order to develop dough in which wheat flour was partly
substituted with pea fiber, it was necessary to increase water content. The
addition of 5% and 10% of pea fiber affected intramolecular linkages of
gluten and lowered elastic properties of the dough. Dough with addition of
30% of fiber was brittle, grainy and impossible to process.
Lipid and sugar profiles of various barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare)
Authors: Pastor Kristian , Acanski Marijana , Vujic Djura , Kondic-Spika Ankica , Hristov Nikola
Published: November 2015

The lipid components and soluble sugars in flour samples of different
cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare), involving winter malting barley,
winter forage barley, spring barley, and hulless barley, were identified).
Fatty acids were extracted from flour samples with n-hexane, and derivatized
into volatile methyl esters, using TMSH (trimethylsulfonium hydroxide) in
methanol. Soluble sugars were extracted from defatted and dried samples of
barley flour with 96% ethanol, and further derivatized into the corresponding
trimethylsilyl (TMS) oximes, using hydroxylamine hydrochloride solution and
BSTFA (N,O-bis-(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide). The hexane and alcoholic
extracts of barley cultivars were analyzed by GC-MS system. Lipid and sugar
compositions were very similar in all barley cultivars. Therefore,
multivariate analysis was applied to numerical values of automatically
integrated areas of the identified fatty acid methyl esters and TMS oximes of
soluble sugars. The application of hierarchical cluster analysis showed a
great similarity between the investigated flour samples of barley cultivars,
according to their fatty acid content (0.96). Also, significant, but somewhat
less similarity was observed regarding the content of soluble sugars (0.70).
These preliminary results indicate the possibility of distinguishing flour
made of barley, regardless of the variety, from flours made of other cereal
species, just by the analysis of the contents of fatty acids and soluble
sugars.
Treatment of sugar beet extraction juice stillage by natural coagulants extracted from common bean
Authors: Prodanovic Jelena , Sciban Marina , Antov Mirjana , Kukic Dragana , Vasic Vesna
Published: November 2015

Distillery wastewaters have a great pollution potential, and pollution caused
by them is one of the most critical environmental issues. This study is
concerned with the coagulation efficiency of a new, environmental friendly,
natural coagulant extracted from common bean seeds in the primary treatment
of distillery wastewater in the bioethanol production from sugar beet juice.
Active coagulation components were extracted from ground seeds of common bean
with 0.5 mol/L NaCl. The obtained raw extract was used as a coagulant. The
coagulation efficiency was measured by jar test at different pH values of
wastewater, and a decrease in organic matter content was determined. The
experiments confirmed that natural coagulant from common bean could be
successfully used for the treatment of extraction juice distillery
wastewater. The highest coagulation efficiencies were achieved at the pH 5.2
with a coagulant dose of 30 mL/L, and at the pH 8.5 with a coagulant dose of
5 mL/L, and they were 64.71% and 68.75% respectively. These encouraging
results indicate that natural coagulant from common bean seeds is a potential
alternative to conventional chemical coagulant/flocculant agents for
treatment of wastewaters.
Polyfloral, linden and acacia honeys with dried cherries after three months of storage - antioxidant and sensory evaluation
Authors: Vulic Jelena , Canadanovic-Brunet Jasna , Cetkovic Gordana , Djilas Sonja , Tumbas-Saponjac Vesna , Stajcic Sladjana
Published: November 2015

Samples of three types of honey: polyfloral (PH), linden (LH) and acacia
(AH,) without and with addition of dried cherries (40%) were analyzed before
and after three months of storage. The total phenol (TPh), flavonoid (TFd)
and anthocyanin (TAn) contents, antioxidant activities and sensory properties
of honeys with and without the addition of dry cherries were evaluated. TPh
and TFd increased with addition of dried cherries to the honey, while
enriched honeys showed high TAn. The LH sample with dried cherries showed the
highest anthocyanins content (41.41mgCGE/100g). The antioxidant activity
increased with addition of dried cherries in honey in the DPPH? test and
reducing power. The PH and enriched PH exibited the best antiradical activity
compared to LH and AH. The EC50 DPPH values were: 23.81 for PH and 24.19
mg/mL for PH, while the EC50 DPPH were: 1.16 mg/mL for PH40 and 1.18 mg/mL
for PH40s. RP0.5 values were: 57.00 mg/mL for PH40 and 56.00 mg/ml for PH40s,
while RP0.5 were: 15.05 mg/mL for PH40 and 15.18 mg/mL for PH40s. The
statistical analysis showed that TPh, TFd and TAn, and antioxidant activity
of honeys and enriched honeys showed significant correlation. Sensory
analysis of honey with dried cherries, before and after storage, indicated
very good sensory characteristics.
Analysis of the free-swell behaviour of orange peel particulates
Authors: Ajibade Oluwaseyi , Agunsoye Johnson , Oke Sunday
Published: November 2015

Orange peel particulates (OPPs) are interesting materials for the sport
equipment production and other industrial applications from the economic and
ecological perspectives. Free swell experiments were used to observe the
possible behaviour of orange peel filler materials as inputs to orange peel
reinforced composites when used in outdoor water-based applications.
Experimental data were collected for 10 days on 24-hourly measurements. Holtz
and Gibb?s free swell model was applied in terms of five parameters: Free
swell (Sf); final volume (Vf); mass of water (Mw); mass of solution (Ms); and
volume of solution (Vs). The particle diameter sizes considered in the
experiments are 0.075, 0.150, 0.212, 0.300, 0.425 and 0.600 mm. The analysis
showed the level of water swelling abilities of the various particulate
sizes, which could give an informed decision on possible behaviour of orange
peel particulates in outdoor applications.
Correlation and principal component analysis in ceramic tiles characterization
Authors: Podunavac-Kuzmanovic Sanja , Ranogajec Jonjaua , Kovacevic Strahinja
Published: November 2015

The present study deals with the analysis of the characteristics of ceramic
wall and floor tiles on the basis of their quality parameters: breaking
force, flexural strenght, absorption and shrinking. Principal component
analysis was applied in order to detect potential similarities and
dissimilarities among the analyzed tile samples, as well as the firing
regimes. Correlation analysis was applied in order to find correlations among
the studied quality parameters of the tiles. The obtained results indicate
particular differences between the samples on the basis of the firing
regimes. However, the correlation analysis points out that there is no
statistically significant correlation among the quality parameters of the
studied samples of the wall and floor ceramic tiles.
Police aspects of the forensic methods of the study of percentage of water content of the determine the age of the frescoes
Authors: Zoric Vojkan , Nikac Zeljko , Radovanovic Radovan
Published: November 2015

The novels of the Criminal Procedure Code (CPC) Republic of Serbia have
introduced the concept of prosecutorial investigation in relation to that of
evidence, special evidentiary actions and other software for the operation of
the criminal prosecution. The meaning of novels is to conduct harmonization
of standards with solutions of modern criminal law practice, particularly
with regard to EU standards Serbia applying for membership in the Union.
Preventing the most serious forms of crime is the focus of authorized bodies
Serbia and in this context combating and preventing all forms of forgery, as
is the case with forgeries frescoes and selling them on the world market. In
exposed paper the method determining age of the frescoes is proposed. It is
based on the use of closed Markov?s graphs with three cells. The measurements
of contents of water molecules in surrounding area can be done only for the
space in which the frescoes is located. This means that followed exposed
method is non destructive.
Optimization of alcoholic fermentation using immobilized yeast cells in calcium alginate gel
Authors: Djuran Jovana , Roncevic Zorana , Bajic Bojana , Dodic Sinisa , Grahovac Jovana , Jokic Aleksandar , Dodic Jelena
Published: November 2015

Ethanol is an important industrial chemical with emerging potential as a
biofuel to replace fossil fuels. In order to enhance the efficiency and yield
of alcoholic fermentation, combined techniques such as cells immobilization
and media optimization have been used. The aim of this study was the
optimization of sodium alginate concentration and glucose and yeast extract
content in the media for ethanol production with immobilized cells of
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Optimization of these parameters was attempted by
using a Box-Behnken design using the response surface methodology. The
obtained model predicts that the maximum ethanol content of 7.21% (v/v) is
produced when the optimal values of sodium alginate concentration and initial
content of glucose and yeast extract in the medium are 22.84 g/L, 196.42 g/L
and 3.77 g/L, respectively. To minimize the number of yeast cells "eluted"
from the alginate beads and residual glucose content in fermented media,
additional two sets of optimization were made. The obtained results can be
used for further techno-economic analyses of the process to select the
optimum conditions of the fermentation process for industrial
application.
Nasim profesorima - Povodom 90 i 80 godina zivota i rada
Authors: Mustafic Sanja , Manojlovic Predrag , Djurovic Predrag , Dragicevic Slavoljub , Tosic Radislav , Petrovic Aleksandar
Published: November 2015

nema
Decoupling environmental impacts from industrial growth: Case study for South Morava river basin
Authors: Veljkovic Nebojsa , Jovicic Milorad
Published: November 2015

The widely accepted term ?sustainable development? is a comprehensive concept
that requires multi-dimensional indicators showing links between economy,
ecology and society. The concept of human development is obviously more
complex than it could be understood from any aggregate economic index or
from detailed sets of socio-economic statistical and ecological indicators.
The research and analysis of the values of separation indicators for the
Juzna Morava basin agglomerations clearly show the impacts of industrial
growth on the quality of the basin water bodies over the last three decades.
Separation indicators have been derived from the statistical relationship
between the situation indicators and drive indicators. The situation
indicator SSWQIrb was derived as a composite index from ten chosen
parameters which represent, by their quality, the characteristics of surface
water, by reducing it to one index number weighed from the interrelation
between the discharge at a given measurement station and the discharge at
the exit profile of the basin. The index of the physical volume of
industrial production (indexIND) has been accepted as the drive indicator.
The indicators were calculated as a series of index numbers with 1981 as the
base year. The values of separation indicators, i.e. degree of separation
and factor of separation show the least separation in the first decade
(1981-1990) when the volume of industrial production (indexIND) increased
the most and the quality of the basin water bodies was the poorest
(SSWQIrb). The improvement of the quality of basin water bodies in the last
decade (2001-2010), marked by a higher value of the separation factor is a
result of a slow growth of industrial production and positive impacts of an
abrupt fall of total economic activity occurring already in the second
decade (1991-2000). The research has confirmed the importance of applying
the concepts of separation of economic growth from environmental impacts.
Taking into consideration very low quantities of treated waters as opposed
to the total amount of waste waters in Serbia, the separation indicators
pose challenges to be faced in the near future. Separation indicators will
serve to decision makers and the expert community as a key toolkit for
verifying the results of the water resources protection policy.
Near-infrared laser cellular ablation and development in Xenopus laevis embryos
Authors: Mulholland Grace E. , Moore Pamela , Khamsi Youssef , McMillan Jameel , Sible Jill C. , Khodaparast Giti A.
Published: November 2015

The biological applications of pulsed near-infrared (NIR) lasers are widening due to potential use of this technology to manipulate cellular structure. The present study was conducted to further explore the efficacy of NIR lasers for ablating individual cells in eight-cell stage Xenopus laevis embryos. Ablations were performed with four experimental groups, at magnifications of 10× and 40× (laser beam radius of 0.32 and 0.23 μm, respectively) with either one cell or two adjacent cells targeted. The survivorship, size, and phenotypic mutations of each group were documented and compared to a control group. Survivorship was not affected in any experimental group; however, statistically significant differences were noted in embryonic length (p = 0.02) and in morphology (p < 0.01) for the experimental groups with ablation of two cells at 40× (laser beam radius of 0.23 μm) magnification. The survivorship of targeted embryos in this experiment encourages the use of NIR radiation for cell ablation studies. Our study demonstrated that NIR laser spectroscopy could complement existing X. laevis fate mapping data and improve understanding of developmental plasticity in early embryos as well as serve as a clinical tool for removing pathological cells. Despite visible effects on embryo development, the damages incurred in the most extreme condition did not significantly impact survivorship through the early tadpole stage. This finding does not rule out latent effects that might affect fitness of older tadpoles or even adult frogs.