bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring the General and Specific Domains of Self-Esteem: The Short-form of the State Self-Esteem Scale
Authors: Brito Tátila Rayane de Sampaio , Pereira Cicero Roberto , Santos Francisca Ádila dos , Nery Nathália Nicácio de Freitas
Published: April 2022

Self-esteem is a crucial human nature feature for understanding the social dimensions of individuals’ self-concept. One of its characteristics is peoples’ malleability to adapt to social contexts, that is, the state self-esteem (SSE). Individuals express SES in three different factors: performance; social success; and physical appearance. Along with three studies, we present evidence of validity of the Short-Form of State Self-Esteem Scale (SSES-S) that measures contextual fluctuations in individuals’ self-esteem. In Study 1 ( N = 300), we found that the structure of the SSES-S was organized into three correlated factors that exhibited convergent-discriminant validity with measures of trait self-esteem and human values. In Study 2 ( N = 281), confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a bifactor measurement model better fit the description of the factorial structure of the SSES-S, which also showed incremental validity concerning trait self-esteem for predicting one criterion. In Study 3 ( N = 160), we experimentally manipulated contextual information about self-achievement and showed that the SSES-S is sensitive enough to detect transient fluctuations in self-esteem, especially in the achievement factor. We discussed the limitations and scope of the SSES-S, as its specific focus on measuring undergraduate students’ state self-esteem and its implications distinguishing the general and particular domains of this construct.
Knowledge and attitude of Engaged and Recently Married Couples Toward Premarital Screening: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Almoliky Mokhtar abdo , Abdulrhman Heba , Safe Showqi Hasan , Galal Malak , Abdu Heba , Towfiq Basma , Abdullah Shatha , Waleed Mohammed , Sultan Mujeeb A.
Published: April 2022

Background and Objective: Despite that inherited (thalassemia and SCA) and infectious (hepatitis B, hepatitis C and AIDs) diseases and their risk factor consanguineous marriage are widespread among Yemen population, community-based awareness studies towards premarital screening (PMS) is extremely limited, so our study is designed to elicit knowledge and attitude of engaged and recently married couples in Taiz (Yemen) toward PMS. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to September 2021 at Taiz. A well-structured questionnaire was designed and then delivered to participants to collect data. Results: The results revealed that majority of respondents (83.60%-94.18%) had knowledge about inherited and infectious diseases, respectively, and educational institution was the main knowledge source. Females had significantly higher knowledge than males ( P ≤ .01), except about AIDs since no difference ( P = .539). The results also revealed that majority of respondents had positive attitudes toward PMS, except toward AIDs testing since 70% of males and 68.91% of females had negative attitudes. The majority of respondents agreed that screening reduces the diseases incidence. Approximately half of respondents (50.79%-56.61%) tend to go ahead for marriage in case of positive results for inherited and infectious diseases respectively. Making PMS as an obligatory step prior engagement was agreed by 47.62% of respondents (45.71% of males, 48.74% of females). Conclusion: A high level of knowledge and positive attitudes toward inherited and infectious diseases and PMS were reported. This knowledge reflected on the agreement of majority of respondents regarding PMS importance in term of reduction of diseases incidence.
Prevalence of Workplace Bullying Among Healthcare Professionals in Tertiary Care Hospitals in Pakistan
Authors: Kumari Usha , Muneer Muhammad Z. , Murtaza Muhammad A. , Abbas Fakhar , Sahito Abdul M. , Hassan Zair , Manjunath Keerthana
Published: April 2022

Workplace bullying (WPB) in the healthcare system (HCS), whether perpetrated by healthcare professionals (HCPs) or patients, is a serious problem. The goal of this research study was to find out how common WPB is among HCPs. We conducted a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study in the three public tertiary care hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan from May to October 2020. A validated Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R) was used to measure WPB prevalence. The final sample size was 449, out of which 72.4% were females and 27.6% were males. The majority of respondents were house officers or 1st-year trainees who had completed their MBBS ( n = 252, 56.1%). Residents ( n = 197, 43.9%) who were pursuing specialty training made up the remainder of the respondents. As per NAQ-R cut-offs, the prevalence of bullied, being bullied, and not bullied was 41, 29, and 30%, respectively. WPB prevalence was higher in males (53%) than females (38%), whereas it occurred more often in residents (48%) than house officers (36%). We found similar findings while using the self-reported definition for WPB. Based on our findings, we conclude that WPB is pervasive among HCPs, particularly for males and residents in tertiary care hospitals in Pakistan.
Digital Curation and Creative Brokering: Managing information overload in open organizing
Authors: Lingo Elizabeth L.
Published: April 2022

While open organizing offers great promise for harnessing diverse and previously untapped knowledge and perspectives in strategy and innovation processes, how leaders manage the fundamental problem of information overload within these efforts remains unexplored. In this qualitative study, I develop a model of digital curation as creative brokering—how leaders strategically select, share, and interpret digital material across a diffuse network of actors to achieve concerted strategic action in the face of information overload. More specifically, I identify five digital curation practices—spotlighting, amplifying, refuting, recapping, and refocusing—and show why and how these practices are used in combination over time to respond to differing information overload challenges arising as open organizing unfolds. The paper’s contributions are threefold. First, it advances open organizing scholarship by showing how leaders engage in digital curation to build shared understanding, nurture ownership and ongoing commitment, and foster concerted action in the face of information overload. Second, it springboards research on the behavioral practice and process of brokerage within open organizing networks. Third, it highlights the critical role of managing emotions, in addition to information and knowledge exchange, in brokerage and open organizing processes.
The combined effects of L1-specific and extralinguistic factors on individual performance in a tone categorization and word identification task by English-L1 and Mandarin-L1 speakers
Authors: Laméris Tim Joris , Post Brechtje
Published: April 2022

Adult second language learners often show considerable individual variability in the ease with which lexical tones are learned. It is known that factors pertaining to a learner’s first language (L1; such as L1 tonal status or L1 tone type) as well as extralinguistic factors (such as musical experience and working memory) modulate tone learning facility. However, how such L1-specific and extralinguistic factors affect performance together in dynamic ways is less well understood. Therefore, to unpack the potential interactions between these factors for individual learners, we assessed the combined effects of L1 tonal status, L1 tone type, and musical experience and working memory on second language (L2) tone perception and word learning in a tonal pseudolanguage by English-L1 and Mandarin-L1 adult learners, by using a pre-lexical tone categorization task and a lexical word identification task. We found that L2 tone perception and word learning were primarily facilitated by extralinguistic factors, but that the degree to which learners rely on these factors is modulated by their L1 tonal status, as for instance musical experience facilitated perception and word learning for English, but not for Mandarin participants. We also found clear effects of L1 tone type, as Mandarin participants tended to struggle with categorizing and lexically processing level tone contrasts, which do not occur in Mandarin.
Influence of Built Environment on Pedestrian Crashes: A Case Study of Miami-Dade County
Authors: Soto Fabio , Kitali Angela E. , Asif Raihan Md , Alluri Priyanka
Published: April 2022

The objective of this study was to identify pedestrian crash hotspots and assess the built environment to identify factors that increase the probability of a roadway corridor becoming a hotspot. Therefore, this research attempted to identify the pedestrian hotspots and then answer the question, do locations with a “specific built environment” have a higher probability of becoming a pedestrian crash hotspot? The study used 4 years of pedestrian crash data (2011 to 2014) from Miami-Dade County, one of the top three leading counties in the United States with the highest pedestrian fatalities. Pedestrian crash hotspots were first identified in the ArcGIS environment, integrating spatial analysis. The Bayesian complementary log-log (cloglog) model was then used to develop a hotspot risk prediction model, in which the likelihood of a corridor becoming a hotspot was linked to the built environment, and to demographic and socioeconomic factors. The density of bus stops, shopping centers, healthcare facilities, hotels, alcohol sales establishments, households without vehicles, traffic volume, presence of sidewalks, and presence of medians were found to significantly increase the likelihood of a corridor becoming a pedestrian crash hotspot. The methodological framework and findings of this study could be used while developing site-specific proactive measures to improve pedestrian safety.
Analyzing the Difference Between Operating Speed and Target Speed Using Mixed-Effect Ordered Logit Model
Authors: Mahmoud Nada , Abdel-Aty Mohamed , Cai Qing , Abuzwidah Muamer
Published: April 2022

Desired operating speed (target speed) plays an important role in enhancing traffic operations and providing safe mobility to road users. Understanding the difference between vehicles’ operating speed and target speed on arterial roads is important for achieving safer speed that is consistent with the activity generated in the context classified roadways. This paper proposes a mixed-effect ordered logit model to examine the significant exogenous factors that affect the difference between the two speeds. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no existing research has adopted the concept of target speed. Three years of probe vehicle-based data (INRIX speed data) and exogenous variables including traffic and roadway characteristics, land use attributes, and sociodemographic information are utilized in the models. The data include information for around 1,600 roadway segments in Central Florida. The results conclude that 16 variables are significantly associated with the difference between target speed and operating speed including speed limit, volume exposure, shoulder width information, sidewalk and shared path proportions, block length, number of signals, pavement conditions, residential and mixed land use, population density, and percentage of poverty. The results also indicate the effect of different time periods on the response variable. Therefore, different posted speed limits are recommended based on the time of day. Further, the study suggests the roadway measures that should be followed to achieve the desired target speed.
Accounting for the Influence of Attitudes and Perceptions in Modeling the Adoption of Emerging Transportation Services and Technologies in India
Authors: Sharda Shivam , Ye Xin , Raman Aishwarya , Pendyala Ram M. , Pinjari Abdul R. , Bhat Chandra R. , Srinivasan Karthik K. , Ramadurai Gitakrishnan
Published: April 2022

Many rapidly developing countries around the world are at a crossroads when it comes to transportation, air quality, and sustainability. Indeed, the challenges presented by vehicular growth in India have motivated the search for sustainable transportation solutions. One solution constitutes ridehailing services, which are expected to reduce car ownership and provide affordable means of transportation. Another key solution is the rise of electric vehicles (EVs), which are expected to reduce greenhouse gas emission and address the growing demand for sustainable urban mobility. Using a unique survey data set collected in 2018 from a sample of 43,000 respondents spread across 20 cities in India, this paper attempts to shed light on the factors that affect adoption of on-demand transportation services and EVs in India. In particular, not only does this paper consider the socio-economic and demographic variables that affect these behavioral choices, but the modeling framework adopted in this study places a special emphasis on representing the important role played by attitudes, values, and perceptions in determining adoption of on-demand transportation services and EVs. It is observed that attitudes and values significantly affect the use of on-demand transportation services and EV ownership, suggesting that information campaigns and free trials/demonstrations would help advance the adoption of sustainable transportation modes. The model results help in the identification of policy options and infrastructure investments that can advance a sustainable transportation future in India.
Virtual Reality and Embodiment in Multimodal Meaning Making
Authors: Mills Kathy A. , Scholes Laura , Brown Alinta
Published: April 2022

Immersive virtual reality (VR) technology is becoming widespread in education, yet research of VR technologies for students’ multimodal communication is an emerging area of research in writing and literacies scholarship. Likewise, the significance of new ways of embodied meaning making in VR environments is undertheorized—a gap that requires attention given the potential for broadened use of the sensorium in multimodal language and literacy learning. This classroom research investigated multimodal composition using the virtual paint program Google Tilt Brush™ with 47 elementary school students (ages 10–11 years) using a head-mounted display and motion sensors. Multimodal analysis of video, screen capture, and think-aloud data attended to sensory-motor affordances and constraints for embodiment. Modal constraints were the immateriality of the virtual text, virtual disembodiment, and somatosensory mismatch between the virtual and physical worlds. Potentials for new forms of embodied multimodal representation in VR involved extensive bodily, haptic, and locomotive movement. The findings are significant given that research of embodied cognition points to sensorimotor action as the basis for language and communication.
Preparation and biological properties of ZnO/hydroxyapatite/chitosan-polyethylene oxide@gelatin biomimetic composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Lu Xingjian , Liu Leyun , Feng Shixuan , Pan Jiaqi , Li Chaorong , Zheng Yingying
Published: April 2022

To imitate the composition of natural bone and further improve the biological property of the materials, ZnO/hydroxyapatite/chitosan-polyethylene oxide@gelatin (ZnO/HAP/CS-PEO@GEL) composite scaffolds were developed. The core-shell structured chitosan-polyethylene oxide@gelatin (CS-PEO@GEL) nanofibers which could form the intramolecular hydrogen bond and achieve an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) polymer were first prepared by coaxial electrospinning to mimic the extracellular matrix. To further enhance biological activity, hydroxyapatite (HAP) was grown on the surface of the CS-PEO@GEL nanofibers using chemical deposition and ZnO particles were then evenly distributed on the surface of the above composite materials using RF magnetron sputtering. The SEM results showed that chemical deposition and magnetron sputtering did not destroy the three-dimensional architecture of materials, which was beneficial to cell growth. The cell compatibility and proliferation of MG-63 cells on ZnO/HAP/CS-PEO@GEL composite scaffolds were superior to those on CS-PEO@GEL and HAP/CS-PEO@GEL composite scaffolds. An appropriate amount of ZnO sputtering could promote the adhesion of cells on the composite nanofibers. The structure of bone tissue could be better simulated both in composition and in the microenvironment, which provided a suitable environment for cell growth and promoted the proliferation of MG-63 cells. The biomimetic ZnO/HAP/CS-PEO@GEL composite scaffolds were promising materials for bone tissue engineering.
The Association Between Adolescent Active Commuting to School and Parent Walking Behavior: The FLASHE Study
Authors: Kwon Soyang , Mason Maryann , Wang-Schweig Meme , Morrissey Joanna , Bartell Tami , Kandula Namratha R
Published: April 2022

Purpose

To examine the relationship between adolescent active commuting to school (ACS; walking or biking to/from school) and parent walking activity.

Design

Cross-sectional

Setting

US nationwide online surveys

Sample

1367 parent-adolescent (12-17 years) dyads among the Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating (FLASHE) study participants (29.4% response rate)

Measures

Online surveys asked about adolescent ACS and parent walking activity in the past week. Adolescents who reported ACS at least once in the past week were categorized as engaging in ACS. Parent walking frequency was categorized into 0-2, 3-5, and 6-7 days.

Analysis

Logistic regression analysis was conducted to compare the probability of adolescent ACS by parent walking activity, adjusted for sociodemographic factors and adolescent-, parent-, and neighborhood-level covariates.

Results

28.5% of adolescents engaged in ACS at least once in the past week. Compared to 0-2 days/week of parent walking activity, ORs for adolescent ACS for 3-5 and 6-7 days/week of parent walking activity were 1.98 (95% CI=1.38-2.87) and 1.81 (1.23-2.68), respectively. In stratified analyses by parent and adolescent sex, father-son dyads presented the strongest association between adolescent ACS and parent walking 3-5 and 6-7 days/week (ORs=4.17 [1.46-11.91] and 3.95 [1.45-10.77], respectively).

Conclusions

Adolescents with parents who engaged in walking activity ≥3 days/week were more likely to actively commute to school. Parent walking activity may have positive intergenerational effects on adolescent ACS and physical activity.
Analyses of mechanical properties and morphological behavior of additively manufactured ABS polymer, ABS/PBT blend, and ABS/PBT /CNT nanocomposite parts
Authors: Farajian Jafar , Alipanahi Anahita , Mahboubkhah Mehran
Published: April 2022

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) and Fused deposition modeling (FDM) are among the most common methods of additive manufacturing technology for a variety of industries. However, the extrusion-based process of these technologies has qualified the usable materials to thermoplastics with inherently limited mechanical properties. Augmenting the properties of these materials by blending them with other polymers or their reinforcement with various additives are among the solutions to overcome this issue. This study examines the result of the introduction of Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT) to acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), as one of the most common thermoplastics used in FDM/FFF processes, and explores the effects of the incorporation of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) to ABS/PBT blend with different filler fractions (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt.%) on the mechanical properties of the printed specimens. In order to assess the mechanical behavior of the printed parts, standard melt flow index (MFI), tensile, three-point flexural, and notched impact tests have been performed on the produced parts. The morphological analyses through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrographs have been conducted to inspect the distribution of impregnated MWCNTs and the fracture behavior of the specimens. The most satisfactory improvement has been observed in printed parts of the ABS/PBT/CNT nanocomposites containing 0.3 wt.% of MWCNTs.
An Examination of Student Pharmacists’ Perceptions Toward Immunization
Authors: Danilov Michael , Voyer Kira , Catanzaro Linda M. , Maerten-Rivera Jaime , Fiebelkorn Karl D.
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Pharmacists are considered the most accessible health care professionals, especially when it comes to preventative services such as immunizations. Studies have assessed student knowledge and comfort in administering vaccinations immediately after receiving formal training or completing a vaccination clinic experience; however, few have examined students after applying the knowledge to a pharmacy work experience. A survey of student pharmacists regarding these experiences may identify areas that students are less confident in and thus where immunization training could be improved. Methods: A non-validated survey was created in Google Forms and distributed via email from November through December of 2019. The survey was sent to student pharmacists enrolled in one doctor of pharmacy program at a US institution in Western New York who had completed immunization training almost one year prior to the survey. Results: The survey was distributed to 365 student pharmacists. A total of 189 students (51.8%) completed the survey. Student perceptions of providing immunizations were positive overall, with 173 students (91.5%) responding that they agreed or strongly agreed to feeling confident administering intramuscular injections. In contrast, only 110 students (58.2%) agreed or strongly agreed to feeling confident administering subcutaneous injections. Also, 111 students (58.7%) indicated they had not administered an immunization in the 9 months after they had completed their immunization training. Conclusions: Based on this cohort, perceptions are positive overall; however, there is room for continued improvement in training pharmacy students for immunization proficiency as well as increasing the cooperation of pharmacies to allow students to immunize.
A novel flame retardant consisting of functionalized Salen-Ni based polyphosphazene microspheres
Authors: Yu Hailong , Cui Jinfeng , Zhang Haiyin , Yang Baoping , Guo Junhong , Mu Bo , Wang Zhaohui , Li Huaming , Tian Li
Published: April 2022

A functionalized cross-linked polyphosphazenes microsphere (Salen-PZN-Ni@DHPP-PTS) was prepared by wrapping Salen-Ni basis polyphosphazenes (Salen-PZN-Ni) with a kind of hybrid flame retardant (DHPP-PTS) to improve the flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties of epoxy (EP) composites. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the addition of Salen-PZN-Ni@DHPP-PTS greatly improved the thermal stability of the EP composites. The addition of 5 wt% Salen-PZN-Ni@DHPP-PTS remarkably improved the fire safety of EP, which was illustrated by the results of the cone calorimeter. For example, the peak heat release rate and total heat release rate of the EP composites were reduced by 44.2% and 33.1%, respectively. The limiting oxygen index value of 5% Salen-PZN-Ni@DHPP-PTS/EP composite reached 29.8% and UL-94 achieved V-1 rating. In addition, the introduction of Salen-PZN-Ni@DHPP-PTS effectively suppressed the production of toxic CO and other volatiles. Meantime, the synergistic effect between Salen-PZN-Ni and DHPP-PTS was found. The potential flame retardant mechanism of Salen-PZN-Ni@DHPP-PTS is regarded as the synergistic catalytic carbonization effect and the extremely thermally stable components forming. Enhanced fire safety of EP composites by synergistic interaction of various components (nickel and DHPP-PTS) with polyphosphazenes microspheres.
Synchronization of the Corona Crisis
Authors: Lundström Markus
Published: April 2022

Crisis is a conceptual tool for synchronizing different experiences of time. It is operative in notions of the Financial Crisis, the Crisis of Democracy, the Climate Crisis—and the Corona Crisis. This article explores that synchronization through an empirical inquiry into the different timescapes of the Corona Crisis. It builds empirically on 200 interviews with residents in Norra Botkyrka, which is located at the fringes of Sweden’s capital Stockholm. The thematic analysis shows how the respondents’ different time frames, time orders, tempos, and timings become synchronized through the crisis concept, but also how they invoke active and passive desynchronization. This temporal diversity points out the interplay between social differences and the various ways people are (de)synchronizing with the Corona Crisis.
Clinical and radiological outcomes of combined modular prothesis and cortical strut for revision proximal femur in giant cell tumor of bone patients
Authors: Zhang Xianghong , Tang Xianzhe , Li Zhihong , Zhang Xiangsheng , Li Fuming , Tao Cheng , Liu Tang
Published: April 2022

Background

Femoral bone deficiency is a challenging problem in revision proximal femoral replacement. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of revision proximal femoral replacement as a salvage treatment for severe bone loss after oncologic proximal replacement surgery in patient with benign giant cell tumor of bone.

Methods

16 patients (6 men and 10 women) were included in this retrospective study, with a mean age of 46.6 year at the time of revision surgery. All patients underwent revision proximal femoral replacement with the use of modular prosthesis and cortical strut allografts. The modified Harris Hip Score, Short Form 36, and musculoskeletal Tumor Society Score were used for patient evaluation. Regular follow-up was performed to evaluate the recurrence and metastases rate, limb function, and long-term complications of patients.

Results

The average follow-up was 46.3 months (range, 26–75 months), during which there was no local recurrence and metastases of patient. At the latest follow-up, the mean modified Harris Hip Score was 70.6 points, which was significantly improved compared with that of preoperative ( p < 0.05). The final follow-up results of Short Form 36, Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Score, and limb-length discrepancy were also significantly improved compared to that of preoperative ( p < 0.05). At the latest follow-up, the implanted femoral stems were all stable and all cortical strut allografts were also incorporated to their own bone.

Conclusion

Using modular prosthesis and cortical strut allografts in revision, proximal femur replacement is an acceptable procedure for relatively young patient with severe proximal femoral bone loss after oncologic surgery with benign giant cell tumor of bone. More attentions should be paid to reduce the risk of complications in these complex reconstructions.
Positive duties to prevent sexual harassment at work: Treat the symptom or cure the disease?
Authors: Stewart Miranda G
Published: April 2022

This article examines one of the recommendations made by the Australian Human Rights Commission’s Respect@Work Report – to amend the Sex Discrimination Act 1984 (Cth) – to implement a positive duty on employers to prevent sexual harassment at work. This article argues that such a duty would not only improve the Act’s effectiveness but could minimise the pervasive problem of sexual harassment in the Australian workforce and achieve a more meaningful state of gender equality.
The role of perceived employability in the relationship between protean career attitude and career success
Authors: Tee Poh Kiong , Cham Tat-Huei , Low Mei Peng , Lau Teck-Chai
Published: April 2022

This research sought to investigate how academics with a protean career attitude perceived success in their academic career. The role of perceived employability was examined by distinguishing between external and internal employability perceptions. Data from 288 academics working in Malaysian universities were collected and analysed using structural equation modelling. The findings revealed that a protean career attitude had no significant direct relationship with career success; rather, it had an indirect effect on success via perceived employability. Both external and internal perceived employability fully mediated the relationship between protean career attitude and career success, with perceived external employability having a stronger direct and mediating effect on academic career success. This study suggests that academic staff depend upon external employment opportunities to pursue success in academia. The implications of study findings are discussed, along with limitations and future research directions.
Decent work in Italy: A network analysis
Authors: Svicher Andrea , Di Fabio Annamaria , Gori Alessio
Published: April 2022

The present study investigated the Italian version of the Decent Work Scale (DWS) with a sample of 645 workers (females = 65.1%; mean age = 43.9 years; SD = 10.9) according to a network perspective. We compared factorial and network models and estimated the regularized partial correlations for the five DWS domains: physically and interpersonally safe working conditions (SC), access to healthcare (AH), adequate compensation (AC), hours that allow for free time and rest (FT) and organizational values complement family and social values (CV). The results highlighted that the network model showed the best fit to the data. Among the most central domains in the network, the high centrality of CV suggests that this domain could represent an effective target for actions addressed to fostering decent work in Italy. In contrast, the low centrality of AC and FT underlines the urgent need to advocate for more decent remunerations and working hours in Italy.
The Effects of Active Warming on Core Body Temperature and Thermal Comfort in Patients After Transurethral Resection of the Prostate: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Yılmaz Hülya , Khorshid Leyla
Published: April 2022

Prevention and treatment of hypothermia by active warming in perioperative period care is recommended but scientific evidence of its effectiveness in a clinical setting is scarce. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of warmed intravenous fluids (WIVF) on the core body temperature and the patients’ thermal comfort. Baseline data of 105 male patients undergoing TUR-P surgery and bladder irrigation were analyzed. The experimental group was warmed using active WIVF, and the control group’s routine care was conducted using a cotton blanket. Body temperature was higher in patients in the experimental group than those in the control group. Repeated measures Manova revealed significantly different core temperature changes between groups ( F = 34.446, p = .001). The thermal comfort scores were also higher in the experimental group than in the control group ( x2 = 203.552, p = .001). The findings indicated that WIVF can enhance body temperature and improve the thermal comfort of patients.
Self-Care Behaviors Mediate the Impacts of Social Support and Disease Knowledge on Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Jeong Yujin , Yu Heajin , Hwang Boyoung
Published: April 2022

This study was aimed to test the mediation effect of self-care on the associations of social support and heart failure (HF) knowledge with health-related quality of life (HRQOL). We analyzed baseline data from patients with HF ( n = 122) enrolled in a randomized controlled trial. Mediation analysis was conducted using Hayes’ PROCESS macro for SPSS with Model 4, based on the bias-corrected bootstrap method. Higher levels of social support and HF knowledge were associated with better self-care. Better self-care was associated with better HRQOL. While social support and HF knowledge had no significant direct effects on HRQOL, they indirectly affected HRQOL through self-care. Our findings suggest that social support and HF knowledge affect HRQOL indirectly through self-care. To improve the HRQOL in patients with HF, it is necessary to motivate them to perform regular self-care by enhancing their HF knowledge and providing social support.

Clinical trial identifier: KCT0002400 ( https://cris.nih.go.kr )
The effect of feedback in virtual attention training on orienting attention in individuals with sluggish cognitive tempo
Authors: Kim Kyunghwa , Lee Jang-Han
Published: April 2022

Objective:

This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of feedback in a virtual attention training program to improve the attentional characteristics of sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT).

Method:

The SCT group ( N = 60) and control group ( N = 30) were identified, and the attention network test-revised (ANT-R) was performed to measure attention characteristics. Based on this result, a virtual reality (VR) feedback attention training program was developed to improve the efficiency of engagement and disengagement of attention in SCT. Sixty participants with SCT were recruited and grouped into two conditions: VR feedback ( n = 30) and no-feedback ( n = 30) conditions.

Results:

The results show that the VR attention training program with feedback significantly improves the attention-orienting network.

Conclusion:

This suggests that it is necessary to provide immediate feedback for effective attention training for SCT and continuous intervention may be possible when feedback is provided together.
Household Solid Fuel Use and Associated Factors in Ethiopia: A Multilevel Analysis of Data From 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Endalew Mastewal , Belay Daniel Gashaneh , Tsega Nuhamin Tesfa , Aragaw Fantu Mamo , Gashaw Moges , Asratie Melaku Hunie
Published: April 2022

Solid fuels are types of fuel that comprise coal, biomass, charcoal, wood, or straw and are used for cooking, heating, lighting, boiling water, and generating revenue at home. Globally, 3 billion of the world’s poorest people continue to rely on inefficient solid fuels, which produce health-damaging contaminants. In Ethiopia, more than 90% of households rely on wood as their primary source of energy. The actual and potential determinants of solid fuel use have not been fully identified, particularly at the national level in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the magnitude of solid fuel use and its associated factors in Ethiopia. We used the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS), which was conducted in 2016. The data was conducted using a 2-stage stratified cluster sampling approach. A total of 16 650 weighted samples were taken. Multilevel logistic regression models were fitted to identify factors associated with solid fuel use, and a cluster-level random intercept was introduced in the mixed model. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence level was reported to show the strength of the association and its significance. The goodness of fit of the model was checked using proportional change deviance (PCV). The magnitude of solid fuel use among households in Ethiopia was 94.03% (95% CI = 93.66, 94.37). Household heads completed in primary school (AOR, 3.09, 95% CI = 2.44, 3.91), outdoor cooking places (AOR, 4.13, 95% CI = 2.96, 5.76), and small peripheral regions (AOR, 14.44, 95% CI = 6.12, 34.04) were all significantly associated with solid fuel use. The intra-cluster correlation coefficient (ICC) showed that about 81% of the variations in the use of solid fuel were attributed to the difference at the 643 cluster level, but the remaining 19% were attributed to individual household factors. The PCV was 90%, which showed that the variation in solid fuel use among study households was explained by factors at both the individual and community levels. The deviation test of the fourth model had the lowest value (3528) and was chosen as the best-fitted model. Due to different influencing factors, the use of solid fuel is still high in Ethiopia. Promoting access to education and raising awareness toward solid fuel impact is very important.
Safety of Retailed Poultry: Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli From Raw Chicken and Poultry Fecal Matter From Selected Farms and Retail Outlets in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Mensah Gloria Ivy , Adjei Vida Yirenkyiwaa , Vicar Ezekiel Kofi , Atsu Prince Sedinam , Blavo David Livingstone , Johnson Sherry Ama Mawuko , Addo Kennedy Kwasi
Published: April 2022

Purpose:

To assess the safety of retailed poultry using the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli ( E. coli), a dominant intestinal microflora.

Methods:

Two medium-scale farms and 8 well-known retail outlets within the La-Nkwantanang Madina municipality in Accra were purposively selected for sampling from January to March 2020. We randomly sampled raw chicken (n = 25) and poultry fecal matter (n = 50). All samples were immediately transported on ice to the laboratory for analysis within 12 hours after collection. Conventional culture techniques, biochemical tests, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) were used for isolation and identification. The antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated E. coli strains (n = 36) was tested using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method.

Results:

Antimicrobial resistance in E. coli ranged from 10.7 % (cefotaxime) to 82.1% (tetracycline) in fecal matter and 0% (gentamicin & cefotaxime) to 62.5% (tetracycline) in chicken. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistant E. coli in fecal samples was higher than in chicken for almost all antibiotics tested, except for cefoxitin, cefuroxime, and ceftazidime. Multidrug resistance was 57.1% in E. coli from fecal samples compared to 62.5% in chicken.

Conclusion:

The high level of resistance to E. coli in fecal matter is of public health concern because cross-contamination often occurs during slaughter and processing. This calls for close surveillance and strict adherence to Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) principles in the chicken production chain to prevent the transmission of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli strains through the food chain.
The Eroticism of Logistics
Authors: Hill David W.
Published: April 2022

This article draws attention to the reproduction of logistical power in what is identified as the eroticism of logistics. Eroticism here describes the way that transmission is understood as a seamless conveyance of goods or an intimate communication across a surface. It is first argued that this eroticism is found in attempts to define modernity as logistical that ought to be rejected in favor of a more grounded account of rerouting. It is then demonstrated that this latter account best accommodates the findings of critical logistics studies, where logistical spaces are shown to be fractious and the movement of goods far from smooth. It is finally argued that while an erotic principle of transmission lends itself to a reductive account of logistics that sustains its violence, a postal account of transmission better captures the experience of getting the goods while situating logistics within a critical space.
Research performance of Australian and New Zealand marketing academics: Achieving rigor and relevance
Authors: Brodie Roderick J , Soutar Geoffrey N , McColl-Kennedy Janet R
Published: April 2022

Assessing academic performance is challenging and assessing academic performance that makes a contribution to society is especially challenging. Evaluations need to take into account academic rigor and the relevance of the work. We suggest relying on whether an article is published in an elite journal does not necessarily lead to a significant scientific contribution or practical relevance. Rather, to gain insight into a scientific contribution, academic rigor and relevance judgments have to be made as to the work’s contribution to discovering and verifying knowledge in the discipline and across disciplines. While qualitative judgments can be made, indicator-driven metrics play an important role in objective assessment and several citation metrics are readily available to assist in assessments. We suggest there is a need for a portfolio of performance indicators, as there is no one best measure of success. Different indicators highlight different aspects of performance, hence the portfolio approach. We conclude by outlining eight key areas that should be considered when making academic performance assessments.
Attitudes Regarding Pregnancy Among Vascular Surgery Trainees and Program Directors Based on a Survey of Vascular Residents, Vascular Fellows, and the Association of Program Directors in Vascular Surgery
Authors: Maloni Krystal , Calligaro Keith , Reed Amy , Vani Kunal , Dougherty Matthew , Troutman Douglas
Published: April 2022

Introduction: We conducted a survey of vascular surgery (VS) trainees and program directors (PDs) to examine differing attitudes regarding pregnancy, starting a family, and work-life balance. Methods: A 20 question survey was e-mailed to VS residents (0+5), fellows (5+2) and PDs using Survey Monkey Inc. (San Mateo, California). Results: The survey was sent to 781 participants (608 VS trainees, 173 PDs) with a similar response rate among residents [39% (133/343)), fellows [37% (98/265)], and PDs [38% (65/173)]. Of the 296 total respondents, most were male [61% (181)] and ≤40 years old [81% (240)]. VS trainees and PDs believed their work load or scheduling-coverage issues significantly increased when a trainee or peer was pregnant [PDs = 73% (38/52); fellows = 66% (59/89); residents = 54% (38/71), 13 PDs, 7 fellows and 59 residents had never worked with a pregnant peer or trainee]. Male respondents overall were significantly more likely than females to opine that a pregnant vascular trainee or attending was less capable of performing her job while pregnant [28% (50/179) vs.16% (18/110); P = .024). Women overall reported each of the following factors more commonly than men as reasons for delaying childbearing: impairing professional advancement [42% (42/99) vs 14% (23/165); P < .001], limited time to devote to children [60% (59/99) vs 39% (64/165); P = .001], not wanting to burden peers or associates [36% (36/99) vs 13% (22/165); P < .001), extra stress [67% (66/99) vs 30% (50/165); P < .001], perceived negative view of peers and program directors towards pregnancy [29% (29/99) vs 1% (2/165); P < .001], and encouragement not to have children from peers or attending [15% (15/99) vs 2% (3/165); P < .001). More females than males overall regret their career choice in VS as it relates to starting a family [22% (24/107) vs. 12%; 21/170); P = .028]. When asked about the major barriers for female vascular surgeons who wanted to become pregnant, PDs cited an unsupportive home environment more than trainees [37% (24/65) vs 22% (51/231); P = .015], whereas trainees cited safety concerns affecting the pregnancy, such as radiation, more than PDs [71% (164/231) vs 43% (28/65); P < .001] Conclusions: There are significant differences in views toward pregnancy among males and females and among trainees and PDs overall. Contrasting gender-based perceptions of the impact of pregnancy on vascular training need to be addressed before adequate solutions to the challenge of work-life balance can be achieved. Significant opportunities exist for trainees and PDs to address these knowledge gaps.
A Rare Case of Bilateral Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Following Neck Injury
Authors: Rotelli Brando , Hunter Justin L. , Freischlag Julie A. , Velazquez-Ramirez Gabriela
Published: April 2022

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) is a rare condition caused by compression of the neurovascular structures of the thoracic outlet. Patients with TOS are found to have a greater prevalence of supernumerary or abnormal first ribs compared to the general population. Symptoms can sometimes be incited by a neck injury, especially in patients with abnormal cervical anatomy. This case report highlights a unique patient with bilateral cervical ribs who presented with complicated symptoms following a neck injury who required a series of surgical interventions to improve.
Assessing Vasectomy-Related Information on YouTube: An Analysis of the Quality, Understandability, and Actionability of Information
Authors: Lang Jacob J. , Giffen Zane , Hong Stephen , Demeter Jonathan , El-Zawahry Ahmed , Sindhwani Puneet , Ekwenna Obi
Published: April 2022

This study aims to critically appraise the quality of vasectomy-related health information currently available on YouTube to better address patient information needs moving forward. A YouTube search was performed using the keyword “vasectomy.” The first 100 videos were assessed, with irrelevant and duplicate videos excluded. Two independent reviewers evaluated the remaining videos using the DISCERN instrument for evaluating the quality of information and the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Audiovisual materials (PEMAT-A/V) for assessing the understandability and actionability of materials. Source characteristics and markers of bias and misinformation were also collected. Seventy-eight videos were included in the study, with a mean duration of 6.6 minutes and mean of 216,672 views. The median DISCERN score was poor at 28 (IQR 22–33) out of a possible 80 with mean PEMAT-AV Understandability and Actionability scores of 67.6% (±16.7%) and 33.8% (±36.2%), respectively. A medical doctor was present in 61 (78.2%) of the videos, of which 53 (86.9%) were urologists and 38 (62.2%) promoted their personal practice or institution. False statements regarding vasectomy were made in 14 (17.9%) videos. Notably, no significant difference was noted in quality, understandability, or actionability of videos created by those with personal promotion to those without. The quality of information regarding vasectomy on YouTube is poor and reaches a wide audience. Continued appraisal and creation of YouTube videos that contain quality, understandable and actionable information by urologists is necessary to ensure patients are well-informed.
Temporal and sequential negative priming generalise across visual and auditory modalities and are dependent on relative rather than absolute speed
Authors: Kahan Todd A , Slowiaczek Louisa M , Harrison Alexa CM , Bogue Caroline M
Published: April 2022

Prior work has found a negative priming effect for a sequence, and more purely time-based negative priming has also been identified. Although sequential effects have been reported with both visual and auditory stimuli, only visual stimuli have been used in experiments examining purely temporal negative priming. In this article, sequential and temporal negative priming are compared across modalities. Prime trials included random presentation of a target (auditory bird chirp or visual X), a non-target (auditory dog bark or visual O), and two neutral stimuli (auditory computer beeps or empty visual boxes). Probe trials included random presentation of the target and three neutral stimuli. Participants indicated the temporal location of the target. On 88% of the trials, participants ( N = 119 in Experiment 1; N = 65 in Experiment 2) indicated the location of the non-target stimulus from the prime trial. Results showed an increase in response time when the temporal location of the probe’s target was the same as the location of the non-target stimulus from the prime trial, but this only occurred when the prime was presented more slowly. Experiment 2 tested, and falsified, the hypothesis that a fixed amount of time on the prime is necessary to bind features of the non-target stimulus with temporal and sequential positions. Together, these data show that sequential and temporal negative priming effects generalise across modality and that relative rather than fixed timing is critical. Implications for theories of negative priming are discussed.