bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DNA Related Enzymes as Molecular Targets for Antiviral and Antitumoral Chemotherapy. A Natural Overview of the Current Perspectives
Authors: Garro Hugo A. , Pungitore Carlos R.
Published: May 2018

Background:

The discovery of new chemotherapeutic agents still remains a continuous goal to achieve. DNA polymerases and topoisomerases act in nucleic acids metabolism modulating different processes like replication, mitosis, damage repair, DNA topology and transcription. It has been widely documented that Polymerases serve as molecular targets for antiviral and antitumoral chemotherapy. Furthermore, telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein with exacerbated activity in most of the tumor cell lines, becoming as an emergent target in Cancer treatment.

Methods:

We undertook an exhaustive search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literature related to the last decade. The characteristics of screened bibliography describe structure activity relationships and show the principal moieties involved. This work tries to summarize the investigation about natural and semi-synthetic products with natural origin with the faculty to inhibit key enzymes that play a crucial role in DNA metabolism.

Results:

Eighty-five data references were included in this review, showing natural products widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom and their bioactive properties such as tumor growing inhibitory effects, and anti-AIDS activity.

Conclusion:

The findings of this review confirm the importance to find new drugs and biologically active natural products, and their potential medicinally useful benefits.
PRDM14: A Potential Target for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Ou Mengting , Li Shun , Tang Liling
Published: May 2018

PRDM14 belongs to the PR domain-containing (PRDM) family. Although a precise understanding
focused on the function of PRDM14 to maintain stemness and pluripotency in embryonic
stem cells via epigenetic mechanisms, growing experimental evidence has been linked
PRDM14 to human cancers. In adults, PRDM14 has low expression in human tissues. Aberrant
PRDM14 expression is connected with various malignant histological types and solid cancers, where
PRDM14 can act as a driver of oncogenic processes. Overexpression of RPDM14 enhanced cancer
cells growth and reduced cancer cells sensitive to chemotherapeutic agents. Reducing the expression
of PRDM14 in cancer cells can enhance the therapeutic sensitivity of drugs to cancer cells, suggesting
that aberrant PRDM14 may have a carcinogenic characteristic in tumor therapy and as a new
molecular target. This review summarizes the structure and oncogenic properties of PRDM14 in different
malignancies and suggests that PRDM14 may be a potential therapeutic molecular target for
tumor treatment.
Electrochemical Sensors Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Pharmaceuticals Analysis
Authors: Radi Abd-Egawad , Wahdan Tarek , El-Basiony Amir
Published: May 2018

Background: The electrochemical sensing of drugs in pharmaceutical formulations and biological matrices using molecular-imprinting polymer (MIP) as a recognition element combined with different electrochemical signal transduction has been widely developed. The MIP electrochemical sensors based on nanomaterials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, nanoparticles, as well as other electrode modifiers incorporated into the MIPs to enhance the performance of the sensor, have been discussed. The recent advances in enantioselective sensing using MIP-based electrochemical sensors have been described.  Methods: The molecular imprinting has more than six decades of history. MIPs were introduced in electrochemistry only in the 1990s by Mosbach and coworkers. This review covers recent literature published a few years ago. The future outlook for sensing, miniaturization and development of portable devices for multi-analyte detection of the target analytes was also given.  Results: The growing pharmaceutical interest in molecularly imprinted polymers is probably a direct consequence of its major advantages over other analytical techniques, namely, increased selectivity and sensitivity of the method. Due to the complexity of biological samples and the trace levels of drugs in biological samples, molecularly imprinted polymers have been used to improve the response signal, increase the sensitivity, and decrease the detection limit of the sensors. The emergence of nanomaterials opened a new horizon in designing integrated electrochemical systems. The success of obtaining a high-performance electrochemical sensor based on MIPs lies in the kind of material that builds up the detection platform.  Conclusion: The novel approaches to produce MIP materials, combined with electrochemical transduction to develop sensors for screening different pharmaceutically active compounds have been overviewed. MIPs may appear indispensable for sensing in harsh conditions, or sensing that requires longterm stability unachievable by biological receptors. The electrochemical sensors provide several benefits including low costs, shortening analysis time, simple design; portability; miniaturization, easy-touse, can be tailored using a simple procedure for particular applications. The performance of sensor can be improved by incorporating some conductive nanomaterials as AuNPs, CNTs, graphene, nanowires and magnetic nanoparticles in the polymeric matrix of MIP-based sensors. The application of new electrochemical sensing scaffolds based on novel multifunctional-MIPs is expected to be widely developed and used in the future.
Highly Sensitive Chitosan and ZrO2 Nanoparticles-Based Electrochemical Sensor for 8-Hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine Determination
Authors: Rong Shengzhong , Pan Deng , Li Xuehui , Gao Mucong , Yu Hongwei , Jiang Jinghui , Zhang Ze , Zeng Dongdong , Pan Hongzhi , Chang Dong
Published: May 2018

Background:

8-Hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) has been regarded as a typical stable
biomarker of DNA oxidative damage, and its level is one of the criteria for early diagnosis of various
diseases. Considering the significance of 8-OhdG, various analytical techniques have been used for
assaying 8-OHdG but all of them suffer from basic limitations like highly expensive instrumentation,
large amount of sample requirement, complicated sample pre-treatment, tedious and time-consuming
procedures etc. However, electroanalytical sensors provide a faster, easy and sensitive means of
analyzing.

Methods:

The chitosan (CS) film provided the high electrode activity and stability which is required for
detecting 8-OHdG though direct electrochemical oxidation. Zirconia was employed because it has some
unique properties, such as high redox activity and selectivity etc. High-performance composite was
easily detected by differential pulse voltammetry at a working voltage of 0. 51 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). A rapid
and sensitive electrochemical sensor based on CS and metal oxide nanocrystalline for the determination
of 8-OHdG was established.

Results:

Under optimized experimental conditions, the peak currents of differential pulse voltammetry
increased as the concentrations of 8-OHdG increased from 10 to 200 ng·mL-1. The detection limit was
3.67 ng·mL-1 which was calculated by the S/N ratio of 3. The recoveries of the real spiked samples are
in the range between 93.2 to 105.3%.

Conclusion:

The electrochemical sensor for direct 8-OHdG determination using a new CS/zirconia
composite for GCE modification was developed and showed excellent reproducibility, stability and
sensitivity for the specific determination of 8-OHdG in real urine specimen.
TPEN Exerts Antitumor Efficacy in Murine Mammary Adenocarcinoma Through an H2O2 Signaling Mechanism Dependent on Caspase-3
Authors: Soto-Mercado Viviana , Mendivil-Perez Miguel , Urueña-Pinzon Claudia , Fiorentino Susana , Velez-Pardo Carlos , Jimenez-Del-Rio Marlene
Published: May 2018

Background:

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide. N, N, N’, N’-Tetrakis
(2-pyridylmethyl)-ethylenediamine (TPEN) is a lipid-soluble zinc metal chelator that induces apoptosis in
cancer cells through oxidative stress (OS). However, the effectiveness and the mechanisms involved in TPENinduced
cell death in mammary adenocarcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo are still unclear.

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of TPEN in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs, as
normal control cells) and mammary adenocarcinoma cancer cells (TS/A cells) in vitro and in a mammary tumor
model in vivo.

Methods:

Cells were treated with TPEN (0-3 µM), and changes in nuclear chromatin and DNA, mitochondrial
membrane potential (ΔΨm), and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were determined by both
fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Cell proliferation and the cell cycle were also analyzed. Cellular
markers of apoptosis were evaluated by Western blot. Finally, the effect of TPEN in a mammary adenocarcinoma
tumor model in vivo was determined by immunohistological analyses.

Results:

TPEN induced apoptosis in TS/A cells in a dose-dependent manner, increasing nuclear chromatin condensation,
DNA fragmentation, cell cycle arrest and ΔΨm loss. Additionally, TPEN increased dichlorofluorescein
fluorescence (DCF+) intensity, indicative of ROS production; increased DJ-1-Cys106-sulfonate expression,
a marker of intracellular H2O2 stress; induced p53 and PUMA upregulation; and activated caspase-3.
Moreover, TPEN induced mammary cancer cell elimination and tumor size reduction in vivo 48 h after treatment
through an OS-induced apoptotic mechanism.

Conclusion:

TPEN selectively induces apoptosis in TS/A cells through an H2O2-mediated signaling pathway.
Our findings support the use of TPEN as a potential treatment for breast cancer.
Cinnamon Polyphenol Extract Exerts Neuroprotective Activity in Traumatic Brain Injury in Male Mice
Authors: Yulug Burak , Kilic Ertugrul , Altunay Serdar , Ersavas Cenk , Orhan Cemal , Dalay Arman , Tuzcu Mehmet , Sahin Nurhan , Juturu Vijaya , Sahin Kazim
Published: May 2018

Background:

Cinnamon polyphenol extract is a traditional spice commonly used in different
areas of the world for the treatment of different disease conditions which are associated with inflammation
and oxidative stress. Despite many preclinical studies showing the anti-oxidative and antiinflammatory
effects of cinnamon, the underlying mechanisms in signaling pathways via which cinnamon
protects the brain after brain trauma remained largely unknown. However, there is still no preclinical
study delineating the possible molecular mechanism of neuroprotective effects cinnamon
polyphenol extract in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). The primary aim of the current study was to test
the hypothesis that cinnamon polyphenol extract administration would improve the histopathological
outcomes and exert neuroprotective activity through its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties
following TBI.

Methods:

To investigate the effects of cinnamon, we induced brain injury using a cold trauma model
in male mice that were treated with cinnamon polyphenol extract (10 mg/kg) or vehicle via intraperitoneal
administration just after TBI. Mice were divided into two groups: TBI+vehicle group and TBI+
cinnamon polyphenol extract group. Brain samples were collected 24 h later for analysis.

Results:

We have shown that cinnamon polyphenol extract effectively reduced infarct and edema formation
which were associated with significant alterations in inflammatory and oxidative parameters,
including nuclear factor-κB, interleukin 1-beta, interleukin 6, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor
2, glial fibrillary acidic protein, neural cell adhesion molecule, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase,
catalase and glutathione peroxidase.

Conclusion:

Our results identify an important neuroprotective role of cinnamon polyphenol extract in
TBI which is mediated by its capability to suppress the inflammation and oxidative injury. Further,
specially designed experimental studies to understand the molecular cross-talk between signaling
pathways would provide valuable evidence for the therapeutic role of cinnamon in TBI and other TBI
related conditions.
PMSM DTC Drive System Fed by a Fault-Tolerant Inverter
Authors: Abassi Moez , Saadaoui Oussama , Khlaief Amor , Chaari Abdelkader , Boussak Mohamed
Published: May 2018

Background:

In this paper, experimentation fault-tolerant control for permanent magnet
synchronous motor drive system using the direct torque control technique is presented.

Methods:

Synchronous machine drive system requires uninterrupted and more secure conditions during
operations.

Results:

Therefore the diagnostic of voltage source inverter and synchronous motor faults are needed
for improving system availability.

Conclusion:

This article aims to propose an accurate open-phase fault detection and fault-tolerant
inverter of a permanent magnet synchronous motor using direct torque control technique. Experimental
implementation is carried out on powerful dSpace DS1104. The validity of the proposed method has
been experimentally verified.
Developing Interprofessional Education at One U.S. Dental School: Establishing a Baseline and Moving Forward
Authors: Townsend Janice , Zorek Joseph A. , Andrieu Sandra C. , de Carvalho Raquel Baroni , Mercante Donald E. , Schiavo Julie H. , Gunaldo Tina P.
Published: May 2018

Dental schools across the U.S. are in the process of incorporating interprofessional education (IPE) into their curricula. At Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center‐New Orleans (LSUHSC), the process of educating competent students fully prepared to maximize patient outcomes through interprofessional care is under way. The aim of this study was to establish baseline data on three years of LSU dental students’ perceptions of IPE prior to and as a new two‐year IPE curriculum was being introduced. A survey was conducted of dental students in all four years from 2015 to 2017 using the Student Perceptions of Interprofessional Clinical Education‐Revised instrument, version 2 (SPICE‐R2). In 2015, 120 students participated in the survey for a response rate of 46%, followed by 160 students in 2016 (62%) and 170 in 2017 (67%). The results showed that the first‐year students in 2017 had a higher total SPICE‐R2 mean score than the first‐year students in 2015 and 2016; the difference was statistically significant. Even though the 2017 first‐year students had only received an orientation to the curriculum at the time they completed the survey, this change in attitude suggests the new focus on IPE was already having an effect on students. There were no statistically significant differences between mean scores for the three cohorts of second‐, third‐, and fourth‐year students, none of whom had experienced the new IPE curriculum. Data from this study will serve as a baseline from which to evaluate the impact of the new IPE curriculum that is now required of all first‐ and second‐year dental students. Through continued IPE exposure in the curriculum and ongoing faculty development, further improvements in students’ attitudes toward IPE can be anticipated.
Kurdish Existential Concern in Arabic Poetry
Authors: Fathallah Shaho S.
Published: May 2018

The anxiety and alienation are conditions which drive poets to search and, at times, to go astray in the homelands and exiles of the existence. These conditions could be real or metaphorical according to poets' experiences. They attract and seduce poets until they settle in the imaginary space of the poetic language. The Arabic language was an imaginary homeland for two Kurdish poets in two different eras: Shams Al-Din Al-Suhrawardy (1155-1191) and Salim Barakat (1951), who both used the Arabic language in order to aesthetically express their anxiety and alienation. It cannot be confirmed that the motif which drove both poets to invest the poetic language were similar or exactly the same. However, the semantic interpretation of both experiences allows the researcher to examine common aspects between them in terms of the way they used the potentials of Arabic language, which was totally different from their mother language. There is another comparable point between Al-Suhrawardy and Barakat relates to their poetic experience with regard to the existential questions, as well as the poetic treatment with similar human situations
A Review on Tabernaemontana spp.: Multipotential Medicinal Plant
Authors: Athipornchai Anan
Published: May 2018

Tabernaemontana is one of the genera that is used in Chinese, Ayurvedic and Thai traditional medicine for the treatment several diseases. From a chemical point of view, the great majority of Tabernaemontana species have already been subjected to isolation and identification of indole alkaloids present in their several parts. Many of indole alkaloids have been shown to exhibit a wide array of biological activities. The biogenesis, classification and biological activities of the indole alkaloids found in Tabernaemontana species were discussed in this review and its brings the research up-to-date on the bioactive compounds produced by Tabernaemontana species, directly or indirectly related to human health.
PREVALENCE OF EXTENDED-SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASE PRODUCING ENTEROBACTERIACEAE MEMBERS ISOLATED FROM CLINICALLY SUSPECTED PATIENTS
Authors: Kannaiyan Moorthy , Meseret Abebe Gedif , Kanimozhi Chinnasamy , Thambidurai Punitha , Ashokapuram Selvam Saranya , Vinodhini Raja , Suresh Mickymaray
Published: May 2018

Objective: Emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) production poses another clinical problem with Gram-negative bacterial infections. The present study was aimed to evaluate the ESBL producers among various clinical samples of clinically suspected patients.Methods: A total of 1279 samples (urine [918], pus [207] and stool [154]) were collected and 465 isolates (Escherichia coli [320], Enterobacter aerogenes [119] and Klebsiella pneumoniae [26]) were isolated and screened for the presence of ESBL producers using combination disc method and double disc synergy test.Results: Of the 465 culture positive isolates, 130 (E. coli 93 [29.06%], E. aerogenes 35 [29.41%] and K. pneumoniae 2 [7.69%]) were identified as ESBL producers. Among the three Enterobacteriaceae members, E. coli 93 (29.06%) was found to be predominant ESBL producer next in order E. aerogenes 35 (29.41%) and K. pneumoniae 2 (7.69%). Maximum number of ESBL producers were recovered from urine (n=111) followed by pus (n=14) and stool (n=5). All the ESBL-producing isolates were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity test using 10 different antibiotics. ESBL producers were chiefly resistance to ceftriaxone followed by ceftazidime and cefotaxime. Of 130 ESBL producers, 15 (E. coli (8), E. aerogenes (6) and K. pneumoniae (1)] strains were selected for genotypic identification. Among, only two strains of E. aerogenes were positive isolates for CTX-M type ESBL in polymerase chain reaction.Conclusion: This study concluded that among Enterobacteriaceae members, E. coli was the predominant ESBL producers and urine was noted as the prime source for the ESBL positive isolates when compared to other source. Genotypic identification was the best method to differentiate ESBL types which were essential to provide proper treatment.
IN VITRO ANTICANCER POTENTIAL OF BIOSYNTHESIZED ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES FROM THE SEAWEED TURBINARIA CONOIDES
Authors: Raajshree.r Khoushika , Durairaj Brindha
Published: May 2018

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the anticancer potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and hydroethanolic extract of Turbinaria conoides (HETC) against Dalton’s lymphoma ascites (DLA) cell line. Methods: Nanoparticles were synthesized from the HETC. An ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometric analysis was performed to confirm the formation of ZnO-NPs. Size, morphology, and elemental composition of ZnO-NPs were also analyzed using scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray diffraction. The cytotoxic activity of ZnO-NPs and HETC was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-. 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and trypan blue dye exclusion assays on DLA cells. The apoptosis inducing the effect was observed through acridine orange staining method (AO and EB) and DNA ladder assay. Results: The results of in vitro cytotoxic studies by MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assays on DLA cell line in the presence of ZnO-NPs showed an IC50 value of 23.13 and 25.81 μg/ml, respectively. The DNA ladder assay and AO/EB staining clearly demonstrated that the ZnO-NPs at 50 μg/ml concentration induced a maximum apoptosis in DLA cells when compared with HETC. Conclusion: In the present study, the cytotoxic and apoptotic inducing effect of the synthesized ZnO-NPs and HETC were assessed, and it was found that ZnO-NPs possessed potent anticancer effect against DLA cells.
STUDY OF GLYCATED HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS IN POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME
Authors: Pangaluri Renuka , T Shakthiya , Vm Vinodhini
Published: May 2018

Objective: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is often accompanied by insulin resistance, obesity, and cardiometabolic risk factors. Androgen excess-PCOS recommends oral glucose tolerance test or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) to evaluate dysglycemia in PCOS subjects. We undertook this study to evaluate the prevalence of elevated HbA1C levels in PCOS women.Methods: The study was carried out among 100 PCOS patients from SRM Hospital, 100 healthy individuals were included as controls. Fasting glucose, HbA1C, Insulin and Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance Index were estimated.Results: Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome showed a significant increase in HbA1C levels (5.799±1.022; 4.96±0.625, p=0.001) when compared to the control group.Conclusion: We found elevated HbA1C levels in PCOS women categorizing 26% as prediabetes and 28% as having type 2 diabetes mellitus.
PREVALENCE AND PREDICTORS OF DIABETES AMONG ADULTS IN RURAL DHARWAD, INDIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Tamboli Shrinivas Sangappa , B Ramamurthy
Published: May 2018

Objective: Diabetes is a long life chronic non-communicable disease and emerging fast as one of the most serious health problems in developed and developing countries, also influences the risk of developing macrovascular complication including heart disease and stroke which are the leading causes of global death. This study aims to find the potential risk factors associated to diabetes among different community (Government, Private employees, and Businessmen) of adults 20 years and above.Methods: A cross-sectional study followed and conducted door-to-door survey using World Health Organization STEP Surveillance (WHO STEPS) questionnaire to collect the information of sociodemographic, anthropometric and behavioral characteristics. Multiple logistic regression is used to determine the risk factors of diabetes among study population. Data was pre-processed and used Chi-square test and t-test to find the comparison between the attributes.Results: Overall prevalence of diabetes is found to be 49.1% in which prevalence more in females with 51.7% than in males with 46.8%, the education, health examination, and waist circumference were found to be the potential risk factors. The total study subjects include 1083 in which male is 611 and female is 472.Conclusion: The current study reflects the importance of Diabetes disease among the study population in rural Dharwad and this study can be utilized to control and prevent diabetes. It’s an early call for the females of the study population to take care and practice healthy food in day today life and the outcome of the study says that the education should be given prime importance in everyone’s life.
SCREENING ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTS OF VIETNAMESE PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST PATHOGENS CAUSED ACUTE HEPATOPANCREATIC NECROSIS DISEASE IN SHRIMPS
Authors: Nguyen Hai Thanh , Dang Lua Thi , Nguyen Hanh Thi , Ha Hoang Hai , Ngoc Lai Ha Thi , Nguyen Ha Thi Thanh
Published: May 2018

Objectives: The objectives are aimed to investigate the antibacterial properties of five Vietnamese medicinal plants against acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND)-caused bacterial pathogens, to verify their potentials to apply as a new treatment therapy.Methods: Extracts from plants, such as Psidium guajava leaf, Piper betle L. leaf, Phyllanthus amarus leaf, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa seed, and Allium sativum bulb, were tested against three AHPND-caused bacteria. Agar infusion and broth dilution methods were employed to evaluate extract in vitro antibacterial effects, while experiments with cultured whiteleg shrimps were applied to access their safety when applied in vivo. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was applied to identify components in the extracts.Results: P. amanus and R. tomentosa extracts exerted the strongest inhibition on tested bacteria. Other extracts, including P. betel and P. guajava, were less effective, while A. sativum showed no effects against bacteria. In safety assessment experiments, we observed that only crude extracts of R. tomentosa and A. satium were safe, while others significantly reduced their survival rates. HPLC showed that extracts of high antibacterial properties had rich phenol constituents. In addition, the phenolic profile of R. tomentosa showed the presence of piceatannol.Conclusion: Considering both of antibacterial effects and safety properties altogether, we concluded that among the five examined plant materials of this study, R. tomentosa had the highest potential to apply in AHPND treatment, as only this plant showed the high effects on pathogenic bacteria while were still safe for host aquatic shrimps.
A REVIEW ON PROMISING ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY BY NOVEL DELIVERY SYSTEMS
Authors: R Priyanka , Bhattacharyya Sayani
Published: May 2018

The introduction of a new moiety of drugs for antibiotics in the market is getting declined. Antibiotic resistance is a major threat to human health worldwide. Many life-saving antibiotic drugs are rendered ineffective. Resistant bacterial infections are difficult to treat because of the poor response to antibiotics. Hence, utilizing the novel methods/approaches for the development of formulation into its novel delivery can prevent bacterial resistance. This review article explores the various promising approaches for delivery of antibiotics in the form of liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, microspheres, dendrimers, inhaled antibiotics, and polymeric particles. These approaches of delivery have been proven to provide innovative and novel delivery of antibiotic by enhancing the therapeutic effectiveness, targeting at the site of action, enhanced activity, and penetrability at intracellular pathogens, thereby reducing side effects, toxicity, and the chances of bacterial resistance.
PRIMARY ECTOPIC PAPILLARY CARCINOMA OF THYROID IN THE LARYNX: AN UNUSUAL PRESENTATION
Authors: S Menon Shalini , R Balakrishnan , Valliathan Manna
Published: May 2018

Ectopic thyroid is the result of the failure of migration of thyroid along its tract from the floor of the primitive foregut to its final pretracheal position. The incidence of an ectopic lesion in adults is 7%. Most common location is the base of tongue (lingual). Other diverse sites are larynx, trachea, mediastinum, and pericardium. These ectopic tissues may develop the same diseases as the thyroid gland. Here, we report a case of a young female presenting with a foreign body sensation in the throat and on examination revealed a smooth submucosal swelling involving the supraglottis. The entire cyst was excised in toto by KTP 532 laser via an endolaryngeal approach and it was reported as papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Literature search reported only a few cases of intralaryngeal ectopic thyroid and none with a papillary carcinoma of the larynx. This is the first reported case of papillary carcinoma of thyroid in the larynx.
EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES AGAINST METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND DETECTION OF VIRULENCE FACTORS - NUCLEASE, PHOSPHATASE, AND BIO FILM PRODUCTION
Authors: B Manipriya , Banu Tasneem , Kumar L Prem , M Kalyani
Published: May 2018

Objective: To determine the virulence factors-biofilm, nuclease and phosphatase production in Staphylococcus aureus isolates. To determine the effect of silver nano particles and antibiotics on MRSA by MIC determination and kirby baeur method respectively and finally to compare antibacterial activity of silver nano particles and antibiotics.Methods: In the present study, we explore the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) dispersion (10 nm) against reference strain and clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). We evaluated the antibacterial activity of Ag-NPs against MRSA isolated from patients in Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, a tertiary care centre in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. The bactericidal activity of different concentrations of Ag-NPs (200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.125, and 1.5625 μg/ml) was tested by determining MIC using microbroth dilution and MBC by agar dilution methods.. In addition, the virulence factors phosphatase, nuclease, and biofilm production were tested.Result: The values of minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration of Ag-NPs against all clinical isolates of MRSA and a single of S. aureus were found in the range of 12.5–50 μg/ml and 12.5–25 μg/ml, respectively, indicating very good bactericidal activity. Ag-NPs with the highest concentration showed almost no growth for up to 16 h representing a bactericidal effect at this concentration. Effect was proportional to dose since 50.0 μg/ml was the most effective dose since the bacterial population did not recover and 12.5 μg/ml was the least effective. All the MRSA isolates were positive for the virulence factors.Conclusion: The study result suggests that Ag-NPs could be used as an effective alternative antibacterial agent.
NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS AS DEFENSE SYSTEM AGAINST CANCER
Authors: Chahal Anterpreet , Saini Adesh K , Chhillar Anil Kumar , Saini Reena V
Published: May 2018

In living cells, the production of free radicals that comprise both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species is highly regulated that help the cells to sustain redox homeostasis. Overproduction of ROS from mitochondrial electron transport chain leakage or excessive stimulation of xanthine oxidase and other oxidative enzymes leads to the uncontrolled production of free radicals leading to oxidative stress that can mediate damage to cell structures. This damage can be repaired by the antioxidant defense system. Antioxidants are capable of stabilizing, or deactivating, free radicals before they attack cellular components such as DNA, proteins, and lipids. The use of antioxidants in cancer prevention is a rapidly evolving research area where antioxidants scavenge free radicals and thus, indirectly help in the prevention of cancer. A wide range of antioxidants such as glutathione, N-acetylcysteine, coenzyme Q10, lycopene, flavonoids, and isoflavones when used in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, result in the reduction of drug toxicity and enhanced efficacy of anticancer agents. This review aims at the use of these exogenous antioxidants as disease-oriented therapy and elucidating the relation of antioxidant enzymes with different types of cancers to overcome the harmful effects of cancer treatment.
PREVENTIVE EFFECT OF CYCAS REVOLUTA IN 1,2-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE-INDUCED COLON CANCER IN WISTAR RAT MODEL
Authors: Bera Samit , Das Bhaskar , De Arnab , Samanta Amalesh
Published: May 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the colon cancer protective activity of Cycas revoluta (Cycadaceae).Methods: Methanolic extracts of C. revoluta (MECR) were assessed for total polyphenols and total flavonoids content. For the in vivo study, animals were divided into five groups (n=6). Group I serves as control which received 0.25% carboxymethyl cellulose solution. Groups II-V were treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) which was given at the dose of 20 mg/kg b.w., s.c. once a week for 4 consecutive weeks. Aqueous suspension of MECR at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day and 400 mg/kg was administered orally to the animals in Groups III-IV every day for 16 weeks. Group V received 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as a standard drug at a dose of 10 mg/kg b.w., per day s.c. for 16 weeks. After that, animals are sacrificed and colons are taken separately to evaluate biochemical parameters and morphological and histopathological changes.Results: MECR contains total polyphenols (6.3±0.09 mg of gallic acid equivalent /g) and total flavonoids (4.6±0.06 mg of rutin equivalent/g). The in vivo study revealed that superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and reduced glutathione (GSH) activity were decreased in DMH Group. All these parameters were restored significantly (p<0.05) toward the near normal value on supplementation with MECR (200 and 400 mg/kg b.w.) to DMH-treated rats (Groups III and IV). In Group V, the synthetic standard drug 5-FU (10 mg/kg b.w.) also increases the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH significantly (p<0.05) more in DMH-treated rats.Conclusions: It can be concluded that MECR protects rat from DMH-induced colon cancer.
A VALIDATED REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF FIVE ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF LENNOX–GASTAUT SYNDROME IN THEIR PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS
Authors: Hassib Sonia T , M A Hashem Hanaa , A Mahrouse Marianne , A Mostafa Eman
Published: May 2018

Objective: Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is mainly treated with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) but using one AED is not sufficient to relieve all or even most patients. A combination of agents is usually preferred. In the current study, an isocratic, selective, sensitive, precise, and accurate reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of rufinamide (RUF), lamotrigine (LAM), clonazepam (CLO), valproic acid (VAL), and diazepam (DIA) which are commonly used in the management of LGS in their dosage forms using lacosamide as internal standard.Methods: The method depends on using RESTEK C18 column (5 μm, 250 mm × 4.6 mm) and a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile:water (55: 45, v/v), pH = 3.3 adjusted with phosphoric acid. The method was conducted in an isocratic mode with a flow rate of 1ml/min and ultraviolet detection at 210 nm.Results: The linearity range was 2–40 μg/ml for RUF and DIA, 0.5–40 μg/ml for LAM and CLO, and 36–180 μg/ml for VAL.Conclusion: Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between the results obtained and the official or reported ones for each cited drug. The method is simple to be easily implemented in quality control studies of the mentioned drugs in their pharmaceutical preparations.
IN-VITRO CYTOTOXIC AND APOPTOSIS STUDY OF CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF CLERODENDRUM PHLOMIDIS LEAF ON MCF-7 BREAST AND A-549 LUNG CANCER CELL LINES.
Authors: N Habeela Jainab , Maruga Raja Mk Mohan
Published: May 2018

Objective: Cancer is a molecularly heterogeneous diseaseand the leading cause of death worldwide. The methanol extract of Clerodendrum phlomidis leaf has been reported for cytotoxicity. Hence, the current investigation was planned to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of the chemical constituents isolated from the methanol extract of the C. phlomidis leaf against the Michigan cancer foundation-7 (MCF-7) breast cancer and adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549) lung cancer cell lines by the apoptotic study.Methods: Cytotoxic activity of the chemical constituents of the methanol extract of the C. phlomidis leaf was evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay against breast cancer (MCF-7) and lung cancer (A549) cell lines. The MCF-7 and A549 cell lines were tested at different concentrations to determine 50% of growth inhibition (inhibitory concentration [IC50]) by MTT assay. Apoptosis of nuclei was detected by 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining assay.Results: In MCF-7 breast cancer cell line study, Compounds 6 and 9 exhibited good cytotoxic activity with an IC50 value of 83.80 and 75.16 μg/ml, respectively. In A549 lung cancer cell line, again Compounds 6 and 9 exhibited good cytotoxic activity with an IC50 value of 84.46 and 78.60 μg/ml, respectively. Percentage of apoptosis induced by the Compounds 6 and 9 in the MCF-7 cancer cells was found to be 74.50 and 85.48, respectively.Conclusion: The results of the current study prove that the Compounds 6 and 9 are potential agents for breast and lung cancer. In future research, these potential agents can further be evaluated by animal studies and their mechanism of action apart from the induction of apoptosis of the cancer cells can be determined.
A PROSPECTIVE STUDY ON ANTIMICROBIAL UTILIZATION PATTERN IN OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, PUNE, INDIA.
Authors: Deshmukh Sarang A , Agarwal Yashasvi , Hiran Harshita , Bhosale Uma
Published: May 2018

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate antimicrobial prescription pattern in outpatient departments.Method: This was a prospective, cross-sectional and observational study over 12 weeks total 400 prescriptions of either gender and age; containing antimicrobial agents (AMAs) were analyzed for demographic data and the WHO prescribing indicators.Results: Most of prescription were given to men (n=262). The most common group of AMA used was Cephalosporins (n=141, 35.25%); of which Ceftriaxone was most commonly prescribed (n=73, 18.25%). 10 AMAs were from the WHO essential medicine list AMAs. Men outnumbered women in prescribing antibiotics (n=262 vs. 138). Most of AMAs receivers were between 26 and 35 years (n=128, 32%). Amoxicillin+Clavulanic acid fixed-dose combination was most common (n=84, 21%). Most of the prescriptions were containing four drugs per prescriptions (n=130, 32.5%). Only 10% of the prescription was given by generic name and rest 90% were given by brand name. Oral dosage form of AMAs was predominant (n=340, 85%). Vitamins and supplement were most common comedication received by patients.Conclusion: Antibiotic use was found to be reasonable and rational in most of the cases. However, still, prescribers should improve prescribing practices and make it more rational.
SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF ISONIAZID AND PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN TABLET DOSAGE FORM BY SPECTROPHOTOMETRY ULTRAVIOLET WITH AREA UNDER CURVE METHOD
Authors: Nasution Lisda Rimayani , Bachri Muchlisyam , Putra Effendy De Lux
Published: May 2018

Objective: This study aimed to develop spectrophotometry ultraviolet (UV) method by area under curve (AUC) to determine the levels of isoniazid (INH) and pyridoxine hydrochloride (PDX) in commercial tablets.Methods: Spectrophotometry UV method by AUC tested is carried out by optimizing the type of solvent, methanol, mixture of methanol, and phosphate buffer pH 4, pH 5, and pH 6 at a ratio of 90:10. The AUC value of each spectrum in various concentrations is calculated to selected wavelength range analysis. Then, this method was applied to determine the levels of INH and PDX in commercial tablets.Results: The application of AUC spectrophotometry UV method for determining the levels of INH and PDX was performed on wavelength range 262.2–272.2 nm and 289.8–299.8 nm, respectively. The selection of wavelengths based on wavelengths gives the best result. The mean % recoveries were found to be at 99.69% and 101.09% for INH and PDX, respectively.Conclusion: The method is successfully applied to analyze INH and PDX in pharmaceutical formulation simultaneously with no interference from excipients as indicated by all validation parameters which were within the acceptable range.
NITRIC OXIDE PRODUCTION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF DRIED FRUIT EXTRACTS OF TERMINALIA CHEBULA
Authors: Dhanasezhian Aridass , Srivani Seetharaman , Rameshkumar Marimuthu Ragavan
Published: May 2018

Objective: The dried ripe fruits of Terminalia chebula have traditionally been used to treat various ailments as it has a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities. Hence, in the present study, we aimed to explore the antioxidant activity, nitric oxide production, cytotoxicity, and phytocompounds present in the aqueous and methanol extract of T. chebula. Methods: The dry fruits of T. chebula were extracted using water and methanol, and the extracts were concentrated by lyophilization method. Phytochemical analysis was done by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The free radical scavenging activity of T. chebula was estimated by 1,1diphenyl 2, picrylhydrazyl method. RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated with aqueous and methanol extracts, and the production of nitric oxide was estimated by spectrophotometric method using Griess reagent. Cytotoxicity assay was performed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method and percentage of cell viability was calculated.Results: Aqueous and methanolic extracts of the dry fruit of T. chebula showed non-toxic to RAW 264.7 cells at the concentration of 2 mg and 1.5 mg, respectively. These concentrations showed high free radical scavenging activity and production of optimum concentration of nitric oxide in RAW 264.7 cells.Conclusion: Fruit extracts of T. chebula possess properties of nitric oxide production and high free radical scavenging activity; these properties could be useful in the development of immunomodulatory drugs as well as protection against various human diseases associated with oxidative stress.
ANTIMUTAGENIC EFFECTS OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF SYZYGIUM MYRTIFOLIUM WALP. IN CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE-INDUCED MICE
Authors: Lingga Irene Sondang , Harahap Urip , Yuandani Yuandani
Published: May 2018

Objective: This current study was carried to evaluate the antimutagenic effects of ethanol extract Syzygium myrtifolium Walp. in cyclophosphamide-induced mice.Methods: The mice were divided into 6 groups with the total number of 30 mice (CMC Na 0,5%; cyclophosphamide 30 mg/kg bw; and extract 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg bw) consisting of 5 rats for each group. All mice were induced by cyclophosphamide 30 mg/kg bw on day 1, then followed by administration of extract for 7 days. On day 8, the blood was collected to evaluate the hematocrit value, while the femoral bone marrow was collected to determine the number of micronucleus cells.Results: The ethanol extracts of S. Myrtifolium leaves at doses of 50–400 mg/kg bw demonstrated antimutagenic effect by inhibiting the formation of micronucleus as compared to negative control (CMC Na 0.5%). Meanwhile, the hematocrit value increased at dose of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg bw as compared to negative control.Conclusion: This finding suggests that ethanol extract of S. myrtifolium has antimutagenic activity that may increase the normal cell number in cyclophosphamide-induced mice.
ASSESSMENT OF HERBAL OIL EFFICIENCY AND KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE STUDY REGARDING DIABETIC NEUROPATHY: A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Wal Pranay , Tiwari Ruchi
Published: May 2018

Objective: The objective of the current study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAPs) regarding diabetes and foot care in diabetic and non-diabetic participants as well as to detect the efficiency of nerve heed herbal oil (NHHO) prepared by Diabport Pvt. Ltd. on pain associated with nerves.Methods: A statistical analysis of sociodemographic profile and KAP of 180 diabetic and non-diabetic participants (located in an old-age home, Kalyanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India) toward diabetes and foot care was performed. Samples of NHHO were suggested to apply for nerve pain.Results: Statistical analysis of sociodemographic profile revealed that diabetes was independent of age, gender, and education level (p>0.5) while directly correlated to smoking (p<0.5). Dependent t-test explained the indirect correlation between knowledge and attitude (p<0.001) and knowledge and practice (p<0.05), which means that poor knowledge associated with poor practice. Chi-square test revealed that diabetic participants were having more knowledge (χ2(1)= 25.14, p<0.001) and attitude (χ2(1)= 107.45, p<0.001) toward diabetes and foot care, while there was no difference in terms of practice (χ2(1)= 3.10, p>0.05) in both the groups of participants. NHHO was found to be effective (84.21%) in reducing initial symptoms of diabetic neuropathy.Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is an urgent need to aware people regarding diabetes and its complications and provide continuous foot care education to patients. In this pilot study, NHHO was found to be effective as well as safe to treat nerve and joint pain.
ALTERATION IN SERUM LIPID PROFILE LEVELS IN IRAQI WOMEN WITH BREAST CANCER BEFORE AND AFTER CHEMOTHERAPY
Authors: Hazim Hamoode Rana , Qais Al-ani Mohammed , Turkey Fareed Arrak
Published: May 2018

Objective: Investigating the role of alterations in lipid profile in Iraqi women with breast cancer before and after chemotherapy.Methods: A total number of 100 patients aged 25–47 years were enrolled in this study, including 35 breast cancer treatment patients, 30 treatment patients, and 10 and 25 healthy women benefactor. All samples were collected from August 2016 to February 2017 from Oncology Hospital/Medical city in Baghdad; however, control group samples were collected from outside the hospital. Serum total cholesterol, serum triglyceride, and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured by spectrophotometer using a kit provided by Linear Chemicals.Results: The results show a highly significant increment (p˂0.01) in lipid profile in breast cancer, especially in diagnosis group as compared with other groups.Conclusion: The alteration in cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-C, and very low-density lipoprotein is highly connected with breast cancer in Iraqi women, progression of disease and treatment effect.
COMPARING THE EFFICIENCY OF 2% LIDOCAINE AND 4% ARTICAINE AS A LOCAL ANESTHETIC AGENT IN CHILDREN
Authors: Nair Manisha , Jeevanandan Ganesh , Mohan Meenakshi
Published: May 2018

Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the anesthetic efficiency of conventional 2% lidocaine with 4% articaine when infiltrated in the maxillary arch for pediatric patients during pulp therapy and extraction.Methodology: A randomized control trial was done with 45 children (n=45) of the age group 4–8 years. The children were randomly allotted to two experimental groups. Group A – Children received 2% Lidocaine HCL infilteration both buccally and palatally, Group B – Children received 2% Lidocaine infilteration buccally and Group C – Children received 4% Articaine infilteration baccally as local anesthetic agent. Post treatment, pain assessment was done using visual analog scale.Results: Articaine group had significantly lower pain scores when compared to the lidocaine group.Conclusion: Articaine infiltration can be considered as an effective alternative for the conventional lidocaine infiltration.
DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF AMLODIPINE AND VALSARTAN IN COMBINED DOSAGE FORM AND IN VITRO DISSOLUTION STUDIED
Authors: Yuryeva Olga , Kondratova Yuliya , Logoyda Liliya
Published: May 2018

Objective: A simple, rapid, and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the simultaneous determination of amlodipine and valsartan in their combined dosage forms and for drug dissolution studies.Methods: A C18 column (Zorbax Eclipse ХDB-C18, 5 μm, 2.1 mm × 150 mm) and a mobile phase of water:acetonitrile:trifluoroacetic acid (55:45:0.1 v/v/v) mixture were used for separation and quantification. Analyses were run at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min and at ambient temperature. The injection volume was 5 μL and the ultraviolet detector was set at 265 nm. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines.Results: Under these conditions, amlodipine and valsartan were eluted at 1.64 min and 4.08 min, respectively. Total run time was shorter than 7 min. The results were 99.6 ± 0.6 and 98.5 ± 0.8 for amlodipine and valsartan, respectively. Valsartan was released within 15 min (98.32%) and amlodipine was also released within 30 min (96.16%) both at a pH of 6.8.Conclusion: The developed method was applied successfully for quality control assay of amlodipine and valsartan in their combination drug product and in vitro dissolution studies.