bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Named Entity Recognition Based on BioBERT and MRC
Authors: Li YinFei , Bai YunLi , Wang RuLin , Zhou WeiGuang
Published: July 2024

Utilizing deep learning for data mining in biomedicine often falls short in leveraging prior knowledge and adapting to the complexities of biomedical literature mining. Entity recognition, a fundamental task in information extraction, also provides data support for Natural Language Processing (NLP) downstream tasks. Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) results in considerable economic losses in the cattle industry due to calf diarrhea, bovine respiratory syndrome, and cow abortion. This study aims to extract information on BVDV from relevant literature and build a knowledge base. It enhances feature extraction in the BioBERT pre-trained model using the Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC) framework for information fusion and bi-directionally extracts corpus information through the Bi-LSTM network, followed by a CRF layer for decoding and prediction. The results show the construction of a BVDV Corpus with 22 biomedical entities and introduce the BioBERT-Bi-LSTM-CRF Integrated with MRC (BBCM) model for Named Entity Recognition (NER), combining prior knowledge and the reading comprehension framework (MRC). The BBCM model achieves [Formula: see text]-scores of 78.79% and 76.3% on the public datasets JNLPBA and GENIA, respectively, and 67.52% on the BVDV Corpus, outperforming other models. This research presents a targeted NER method for BVDV, effectively identifying related entities and exploring their relationships, thus providing valuable data support for NLP’s downstream tasks.
Optimal strategy in CIR model and modified constant elasticity of variance
Authors: Karimi Arezou , Mehrdoust Farshid , Salahi Maziar
Published: July 2024

This paper analyzes an optimal investment strategy problem, where the investor can invest his wealth in bonds and stocks. The bond and stock dynamics are Cox-Ingersoll-Ross (CIR) and M-CEV models, respectively. We obtain the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation for the corresponding stochastic optimal control problems. Then, we give an explicit solution to the HJB equation and calculate the optimal strategies for a maximized power utility function. The results show that an increase in correlation, interest rate, and investor risk level augments the optimal strategy. Furthermore, the optimal strategy decreases with increased stock price and interest rate risk.
C
o
-A
pproximator
: Enabling Performance Prediction in Colocated Applications.
Authors: Mohammad Rafiuzzaman , Gopalakrishnan Sathish , Pattabiraman Karthik
Published: July 2024

Today’s Internet of Things (IoT) devices can colocate multiple applications on a platform with hardware resource sharing. Such colocations allow for increasing the throughput of contemporary IoT applications, similar to the use of multi-tenancy in clouds. However, avoiding performance interference among colocated applications through virtualized performance isolation is expensive in IoT platforms due to resource limitations. Hence, on the one hand, colocated IoT applications without performance isolation contend for shared limited resources, which makes their performance variance discontinuous and
a priori
unknown. On the other hand, different combinations of colocated applications make the overall state space exceedingly large. All of these make such colocated routines challenging to predict, making it difficult to plan which applications to colocate on which platform.

We propose
Co
-
Approximator
, a technique for systematically sampling an exponentially large colocated application state space and efficiently approximating it from only four available complete colocation samples. We demonstrate the performance of
Co
-
Approximator
with 17 standard benchmarks and three pipelined data processing applications on different IoT platforms, where on average,
Co
-
Approximator
reduces existing techniques’ approximation error from 61% to just 7%.
Actin cytoskeleton and associated myosin motors within the renal epithelium
Authors: Busselman Brook W. , Ratnayake Ishara , Terasaki Mark R. , Thakkar Vedant P. , Ilyas Arooba , Otterpohl Karla L. , Zimmerman Jenna L. , Chandrasekar Indra
Published: July 2024

This review highlights the complexity of renal epithelial cell membrane architectures and organelles through careful review of ultrastructural and physiological studies published over the past several decades. We also showcase the vital roles played by the actin cytoskeleton and actin-associated myosin motor proteins in regulating cell type-specific physiological functions within the cells of the renal epithelium. The purpose of this review is to provide a fresh conceptual framework to explain the structure-function relationships that exist between the actin cytoskeleton, organelle structure, and cargo transport within the mammalian kidney. With recent advances in technologies to visualize the actin cytoskeleton and associated proteins within intact kidneys, it has become increasingly imperative to reimagine the functional roles of these proteins in situ to provide a rationale for their unique, cell type-specific functions that are necessary to establish and maintain complex physiological processes.
Effects of preterm birth on the pattern of altitude acclimatization at rest and during moderate-intensity exercise across three days at 3,375 m
Authors: Narang Benjamin J. , Manferdelli Giorgio , Millet Grégoire P. , Debevec Tadej
Published: July 2024

The acclimatization pattern across three days at 3,375 m, at rest and during moderate-intensity exercise, was similar between healthy adults born prematurely and their term-born counterparts. Preterm adults free from respiratory complications were found to better maintain brain tissue and capillary oxygen saturation at high altitudes, whereas the term-born group experienced larger altitude-induced reductions. Despite apparent cardiac limitations, preterm individuals tolerated exercise similarly to their term-born peers. These findings underscore the notion that preterm birth per se does not predispose healthy adults to decreased altitude tolerance during exercise.
Supplementary Video S1 from DeepPhe: A Natural Language Processing System for Extracting Cancer Phenotypes from Clinical Records
Authors: Savova Guergana K. , Tseytlin Eugene , Finan Sean , Castine Melissa , Miller Timothy , Medvedeva Olga , Harris David , Hochheiser Harry , Lin Chen , Chavan Girish , Jacobson Rebecca S.
Published: July 2024

DeepPhe system sample run: Mention- and Document- level pipeline (0:00:00-0:00:11 hr), Summarization pipeline (0:00:11-0:00:21 hr), results visualization with Neo4J graph database (0:00:21-0:02:00 portion of the video for a breast cancer example and 0:03:07-0:04:09 for a melanoma example), results visualization and analysis with i2b2/tranSMART database (0:02:01-0:03:06 for a breast cancer example).
Supplementary Video S3 from dcmqi: An Open Source Library for Standardized Communication of Quantitative Image Analysis Results Using DICOM
Authors: Herz Christian , Fillion-Robin Jean-Christophe , Onken Michael , Riesmeier Jörg , Lasso Andras , Pinter Csaba , Fichtinger Gabor , Pieper Steve , Clunie David , Kikinis Ron , Fedorov Andriy
Published: July 2024

This video guides the user over the steps how to visualize the DICOM segmentation objects and structured measurements using 3D Slicer platform.
Supplementary Video S1 from dcmqi: An Open Source Library for Standardized Communication of Quantitative Image Analysis Results Using DICOM
Authors: Herz Christian , Fillion-Robin Jean-Christophe , Onken Michael , Riesmeier Jörg , Lasso Andras , Pinter Csaba , Fichtinger Gabor , Pieper Steve , Clunie David , Kikinis Ron , Fedorov Andriy
Published: July 2024

This video explains how to set up the environment, install related tools, and install dcmqi from Docker Hub.
Data from WebMeV: A Cloud Platform for Analyzing and Visualizing Cancer Genomic Data
Authors: Wang Yaoyu E. , Kutnetsov Lev , Partensky Antony , Farid Jalil , Quackenbush John
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Although large, complex genomic datasets are increasingly easy to generate, and the number of publicly available datasets in cancer and other diseases is rapidly growing, the lack of intuitive, easy-to-use analysis tools has remained a barrier to the effective use of such data. WebMeV (http://mev.tm4.org) is an open-source, web-based tool that gives users access to sophisticated tools for analysis of RNA-Seq and other data in an interface designed to democratize data access. WebMeV combines cloud-based technologies with a simple user interface to allow users to access large public datasets, such as that from The Cancer Genome Atlas or to upload their own. The interface allows users to visualize data and to apply advanced data mining analysis methods to explore the data and draw biologically meaningful conclusions. We provide an overview of WebMeV and demonstrate two simple use cases that illustrate the value of putting data analysis in the hands of those looking to explore the underlying biology of the systems being studied. Cancer Res; 77(21); e11–14. ©2017 AACR.
Patient Characteristics Associated with Intended Nonguideline Chemotherapy in Women with Stage I to IIIA Breast Cancer
Authors: Bhimani Jenna , O’Connell Kelli , Persaud Sonia , Blinder Victoria , Burganowski-Doud Rachael P. , Ergas Isaac J. , Gallagher Grace B. , Griggs Jennifer J. , Heon Narre , Kolevska Tatjana , Kotsurovskyy Yuriy , Kroenke Candyce H. , Laurent Cecile. A. , Liu Raymond , Nakata Kanichi G. , Rivera Donna R. , Roh Janise M. , Tabatabai Sara , Valice Emily , Bandera Elisa V. , Aiello Bowles Erin J. , Kushi Lawrence H. , Kantor Elizabeth D.
Published: July 2024

Background:

Guidelines informing chemotherapy regimen selection are based on clinical trials with participants who do not necessarily represent general populations with breast cancer. Understanding who receives nonguideline regimens is important for understanding real-world chemotherapy administration and how it relates to patient outcomes.

Methods:

Using data from the Optimal Breast Cancer Chemotherapy Dosing (OBCD) study, based at Kaiser Permanente Northern California (2006–2019) and Kaiser Permanente Washington (2004–2015), we use logistic regression to examine the associations between patient characteristics and receipt of nonguideline chemotherapy regimens among 11,293 women with primary stage I to IIIA breast cancer receiving chemotherapy.

Results:

The use of nonguideline regimens was strongly associated with several factors, including older age [≥80 vs. 18–39 years: OR, 5.25; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.06–9.00; P-trend = 0.002] and HER2 status (HER2+ vs. HER2−: OR, 3.44; 95% CI, 3.06–3.87) and was less likely in women with larger tumor size (>5 cm vs. 0.1 to ≤0.5 cm: OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.36–0.87; P-trend = 0.01) and diagnosed in later years (2012–2019 vs. 2005–2011: OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.71–0.90). Factors associated varied by type of nonguideline regimens. For example, women with comorbidity and older age were more likely to receive nonguideline drug combinations in particular, whereas women with larger tumor size were less likely to receive nonguideline administration schedules.

Conclusions:

Nonguideline chemotherapy regimens are more likely in certain patient populations.

Impact:

These associations highlight that vulnerable patient populations may be less likely to receive guideline care, and thus, real-world studies are essential for understanding how the use of nonguideline regimens impacts patient outcomes in these groups.
Efficacy of real time ultrasonography in arterial puncture of paediatric patients: a systematic review
Authors: Freitas Salomão Oliveira Rios Meireles , Dórea Natália Lino , Ribeiro Zilma Verçosa de Sá
Published: July 2024

Background: Traditionally, peripheral arterial access is achieved using the palpation technique with catheter insertion guided by the perception of the arterial pulse. In small children, this access is more difficult than in adults due to the smaller size of the arteries, making the procedure more challenging for those performing it. Real-time ultrasound has shown good results in guiding arterial access in paediatric patients. Objectives: This study evaluates the efficacy of ultrasound-guided arterial puncture at different sites and identifies the profiles of patients who benefit from this technique through the outcomes of first-attempt success, total success and complications. Methods: a systematic review was conducted with data collected from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL and Scopus using the search terms “Infant, Newborn”, “Infant”, “Child, Preschool”, “Child”, “Adolescent”, “Catheterization, Peripheral”, “Ultrasonography” and their equivalents. Randomised clinical trials comparing ultrasound-guided arterial puncture with palpation technique were searched for first-attempt success (primary outcome), total success and complications. Results: Seven trials met the inclusion criteria and showed different risks of bias. The trials analysed the radial, femoral, posterior tibial and dorsalis pedis arteries. The selected trials included 675 patients among newborns, infants, preschoolers, children, and adolescents. In the radial artery, ultrasound increased first-attempt and total success, in addition to decreasing the incidence of haematomas. In the femoral artery, ultrasound increased first-attempt success. Ultrasound also increased first-attempt and total success in the posterior tibial and dorsalis pedis arteries. Conclusion: In consonance with past reviews, ultrasonography is an effective tool for improving arterial puncture outcomes in a variety of sites and patients, particularly in the radial artery. To provide better care, training in ultrasound-guided arterial puncture is a strategy that can be adopted by universities and health services.
Analyzing AI Bias: The Discourse of Terror and Sport Ahead of Paris 2024 Olympics
Authors: Samuel-Azran Tal , Manor Ilan , Yitzhak Evyatar , Galily Yair
Published: July 2024

Sporting events have been the target of terrorist groups for decades due to their high profile. Since 9/11, a bias against Muslims has been evident in both traditional and social media with Muslims being depicted as likely perpetrators of attacks against sporting events. The 2024 Paris Olympics represents the first major sporting events in the age of generative artificial intelligence (AI) platforms. This study is the first to examine to what extent AI chatbots replicate anti-Islam bias with respect to terrorism and sporting events. The study is based on a series of “conversations” with chatbots on the popular platform “character.ai.” The analysis reveals a persistent anti-Islam bias, with chatbots “explaining” that Islam is more prone to commit attacks because it is more violent in nature than other religions while also depicting Muslims as the most likely culprits of attacks against the Olympic Games. The study indicates that AI chatbots perpetuate the mediated anti-Islamist bias in an even more unanimous and authoritative tone than traditional and social media.
Research on ride comfort optimization of the vehicle considering the subframe
Authors: Gao Jin , Du Mingyang
Published: July 2024

When the vehicle is in motion, the elastic deformation of the flexible subframe significantly influences ride comfort. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the impact of flexible subframes on vehicle ride comfort. In order to enhance the reliability and optimization efficiency of our research, this paper incorporates the concept of elastic deformation in the flexible subframe into the investigation of vehicle ride comfort, and proposes a multi-objective optimization approach to enhance the overall vehicle ride comfort. The vibration mathematical model elucidates how flexible subframes affect vehicle ride comfort and establishes a rigid-flexible coupling model for a specific vehicle with a flexible subframe to analyze the impact of its elastic deformation on vehicle ride comfort through simulation experiments. Subsequently, a radial basis function approximation model is established, and the multi-objective particle swarm optimization and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II algorithms are employed to conduct multi-objective optimization of the stiffness of the subframe bushing with the aim of enhancing vehicle ride comfort. The findings indicate that the flexible subframe has a significant impact on vehicle ride comfort. Specifically, on bump roads, peak values of vertical and longitudinal seat accelerations decrease while lateral seat acceleration increases. On random roads, peak values of longitudinal and lateral seat accelerations increase while vertical acceleration decreases. Furthermore, the stiffness of the subframe bushing optimized by the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II algorithm further enhances vehicle ride comfort and aligns more closely with the optimization requirements in this study.
Connecting With Shosho: Assessing the Role of Grandmothers in a Low-Income Population in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Madhavan Sangeetha , Omuya Milka , Schatz Enid , Wainaina Caroline
Published: July 2024

A body of scholarship has demonstrated that grandmothers provide critical support to their adult children and grandchildren across Africa. We examine the extent to which grandmothers provide support in a low-income, urban context where grandmothers are employed and do not live in intergenerational arrangements. We (1) describe the composition of living grandparents and the type of support their adult daughters and grandchildren received from them; (2) analyze the extent to which grandmother’s employment and residence affect the odds of receiving support; and (3) examine the relationship between support from grandmothers and adult daughters’ mental health. We use three waves of data from 1181 young mothers enrolled in the JAMO project, a longitudinal study of family connectivity in Nairobi, Kenya. Logistic regression models show that grandmothers being employed and co-residing significantly increase the odds of daughters receiving support from them and that this support can protect these young mothers’ mental health.
A cable-driven exosuit for upper limbs: design, control, and evaluation
Authors: Shi Yongjun , Gao Yongzhuo , Lin Weiqi , He Long , Mao Xiwang , Long Yi , Dong Wei
Published: July 2024

In the field of rehabilitation engineering, wearable robots for upper limbs tend to help powerless arms of patients smoothly complete daily activities. Compared with traditional rigid exoskeleton, soft exosuit takes the advantage of high movement flexibility and relatively compact structure so that it could be a more adaptive and compliant alternative for the elder and the disabled. In this study, a novel dual-arm exosuit is proposed to provide active assistance for multiple joints through bidirectional cable-driven modules. Several Bowden cables achieve power transmission from actuators mounted on the back to shoulders and elbows. The actuator is designed with reference to the principle of differential mechanism, in order to automatically preload both cables wrapped around it, generate assistive torque in two opposite rotation directions of a joint, and keep the human-robot interaction as safe as possible. This study adopts the constant torque control to assist in the pre-tightening process, and develop a model-based control strategy for bidirectional joint motion enhancement according to mathematical models of the human-robot system. The experimental results demonstrate that the prototype can impose pretension on each cable, and offer enough support on the joint according to the wearers’ demands.
Dynamic Modeling and Experimental Verification of an RPR Type Compliant Parallel Mechanism with Low Orders
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Liu Jingfang , Ding Huafeng , Zhang Yanbin
Published: July 2024

Efficiency of calculating a dynamic response is an important point of the compliant mechanism for posture adjustment. Dynamic modeling with low orders of a 2R1T compliant parallel mechanism is studied in the paper. The mechanism with two out-of-plane rotational and one lifting degrees of freedom (DoFs) plays an important role in posture adjustment. Based on elastic beam theory, the stiffness matrix and mass matrix of the beam element are established where the moment of inertia is considered. To improve solving efficiency, a dynamic model with low orders of the mechanism is established based on a modified modal synthesis method. Firstly, each branch of the RPR type mechanism is divided into a substructure. Subsequently, a set of hypothetical modes of each substructure is obtained based on the C-B method. Finally, dynamic equation of the whole mechanism is established by the substructure assembly. A dynamic experiment is conducted to verify the dynamic characteristics of the compliant mechanism.
An ecotype-specific effect of osmopriming and melatonin during salt stress in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Juraniec Michał , Goormaghtigh Erik , Posmyk Małgorzata M. , Verbruggen Nathalie
Published: July 2024

Background

Natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana exhibit phenotypic variations in specific environments and growth conditions. However, this variation has not been explored after seed osmopriming treatments. The natural variation in biomass production and root system architecture (RSA) was investigated across the Arabidopsis thaliana core collection in response to the pre-sawing seed treatments by osmopriming, with and without melatonin (Mel). The goal was to identify and characterize physiologically contrasting ecotypes.

Results

Variability in RSA parameters in response to PEG-6000 seed osmopriming with and without Mel was observed across Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes with especially positive impact of Mel addition under both control and 100 mM NaCl stress conditions. Two ecotypes, Can-0 and Kn-0, exhibited contrasted root phenotypes: seed osmopriming with and without Mel reduced the root growth of Can-0 plants while enhancing it in Kn-0 ones under both control and salt stress conditions. To understand the stress responses in these two ecotypes, main stress markers as well as physiological analyses were assessed in shoots and roots. Although the effect of Mel addition was evident in both ecotypes, its protective effect was more pronounced in Kn-0. Antioxidant enzymes were induced by osmopriming with Mel in both ecotypes, but Kn-0 was characterized by a higher responsiveness, especially in the activities of peroxidases in roots. Kn-0 plants experienced lower oxidative stress, and salt-induced ROS accumulation was reduced by osmopriming with Mel. In contrast, Can-0 exhibited lower enzyme activities but the accumulation of proline in its organs was particularly high. In both ecotypes, a greater response of antioxidant enzymes and proline accumulation was observed compared to mechanisms involving the reduction of Na+ content and prevention of K+ efflux.

Conclusions

In contrast to Can-0, Kn-0 plants grown from seeds osmoprimed with and without Mel displayed a lower root sensitivity to NaCl-induced oxidative stress. The opposite root growth patterns, enhanced by osmopriming treatments might result from different protective mechanisms employed by these two ecotypes which in turn result from adaptive strategies proper to specific habitats from which Can-0 and Kn-0 originate. The isolation of contrasting phenotypes paves the way for the identification of genetic factors affecting osmopriming efficiency.
Motivation in caregiving among mothers of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities in Iran: A qualitative study
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Javad , Ramezani Monir , Ashrafzadeh Farah , Jamali Jamshid
Published: July 2024

Background

The motivation of caregivers plays a crucial role in the treatment, follow-up, and care of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Previous studies have focused on the older people and end-stage diseases, while giving less attention to the motivation of mothers caring for children with special needs. This study aimed to explore the motivations of mothers caring for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities in Iran.

Methods

This study employed a qualitative approach, guided by the Self-Determination Theory. Purposeful sampling was initially used, followed by theoretical sampling until data saturation was achieved. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 26 mothers of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Mayring’s seven-step directed content analysis approach was utilized for coding and categorization. The research adhered to ethical standards and ensured data trustworthiness through credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability measures.

Results

The findings revealed that mothers’ caregiving motivations could be classified into four main categories: (I) intrinsic, (II) identified-extrinsic, (III) introjected-extrinsic, and (IV) external-extrinsic. Additionally, twelve sub-categories were identified within these four main categories.

Conclusion

The findings revealed that mothers demonstrated varying levels of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations in caring for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. By recognizing and enhancing the diverse sources of motivation, healthcare providers and policymakers can better support mothers in their caregiving roles, ultimately contributing to improved outcomes for both the mothers and their children.
Assessing personal protective equipment usage and its correlation with knowledge, attitudes, performance, and safety culture among workers in small and medium-sized enterprises
Authors: Khoshakhlagh Amir Hossein , Malakoutikhah Mahdi , Park JeeWoong , Kodnoueieh Mohammad Dehghani , Boroujeni Zakiyeh Rafieian , Bahrami Maryam , Ramezani Fatemeh
Published: July 2024

Background

The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) should be a culture of a workplace, and deeply rooted in worker behavior and attitude during their practice. According to the recent studies only 64% of the workers use PPE properly. The present study aims to investigate the utilization of PPE among workers in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and its relationship with knowledge, attitude, performance, and safety culture among workers.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was carried out using a questionnaire tool across SMEs in Kashan city in year 2023. The used tool included three questionnaires: demographic, safety culture, and knowledge, attitude and performance. Study papulation was 529 SMEs. Totally, the sample size was 369 persons and questionnaires were distributed among the workers of SMEs. Finally, SPSS software was used for statistical analysis and structural equation modeling. Various statistical tests including T-Test, ANOVA, RMSEA, CFI, TLI, and the chi-square ratio were employed.

Results

The mean values (standard deviation) of age and work experience were 35.19 (12.33), and 15.60 (1.69) years, respectively. Among the 369 participants, 267 participants (72.4%) indicated that they use some PPE, although not all types. However, 102 individuals (27.7%) do not employ any PPE. The lowest score for safety culture dimension was attributed to safety training at 1.58. The results of the final model indicate that the assumed relationships between variables, as outlined in the study objectives, were well established, with all connections proving statistically significant.

Conclusion

It can be concluded that the missing of inadequate legal supervision for small industries exists. Therefore, it can be inferred that if supervision and regulation are enhanced for safety training and implementation that may lead to increased usage of PPE.
Evaluation of the effect of dental anxiety on vital signs in the order of third molar extraction
Authors: Özmen Elif Esra , Taşdemir İsmail
Published: July 2024

Background

Dental anxiety is a prevalent concern affecting patients undergoing various dental procedures, particularly surgical interventions. Understanding the impact of patients’ anxiety levels on their physiological responses during dental surgeries, such as third molar impaction surgery, is crucial for optimizing patient care and outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of patients’ anxiety levels on vital signs during third molar teeth impaction surgery.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted, including 45 randomly selected, healthy patients. Demographic information was recorded after obtaining consent from the patients prior to surgical intervention. Preoperative anxiety levels were determined using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS). Pupil measurements were taken from the patients before surgery, at 10 min after the surgery began, and at 10 min after the surgery ended. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, pulse rate, temperature, and haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2) values were recorded.

Results

The MDAS test results were statistically significantly higher in women compared to men (p < 0.001). Positive correlations were observed between MDAS score and both preoperative pulse rate (r = 0.344, p = 0.021) and SpO2 level during the operation (r = 0.462, p = 0.001). However, no significant correlations were found between MDAS and DBP (p = 0.575), SBP (p = 0.176), fever (p = 0.238), or pupil diameter (p = 0.338).

Conclusions

Third molar impaction surgery induces anxiety in adult patients 20 years and older. Vital sign monitoring provides information about the patient’s emotional state, both before and during the procedure. Since anxiety causes changes in vital signs during dental procedures, it is important to follow these findings to have an idea about the general condition of the patients.
Loss of the tumour suppressor LKB1/STK11 uncovers a leptin-mediated sensitivity mechanism to mitochondrial uncouplers for targeted cancer therapy
Authors: Angelopoulou Andriani , Theocharous Giorgos , Valakos Dimitrios , Polyzou Aikaterini , Magkouta Sophia , Myrianthopoulos Vassilios , Havaki Sophia , Fiorillo Marco , Tremi Ioanna , Vachlas Konstantinos , Nisotakis Theodoros , Thanos Dimitris-Foivos , Pantazaki Anastasia , Kletsas Dimitris , Bartek Jiri , Petty Russell , Thanos Dimitris , McCrimmon Rory J , Papaspyropoulos Angelos , Gorgoulis Vassilis G
Published: July 2024

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) constitutes one of the deadliest and most common malignancies. The LKB1/STK11 tumour suppressor is mutated in ∼ 30% of NSCLCs, typically lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD). We implemented zebrafish and human lung organoids as synergistic platforms to pre-clinically screen for metabolic compounds selectively targeting LKB1-deficient tumours. Interestingly, two kinase inhibitors, Piceatannol and Tyrphostin 23, appeared to exert synthetic lethality with LKB1 mutations. Although LKB1 loss alone accelerates energy expenditure, unexpectedly we find that it additionally alters regulation of the key energy homeostasis maintenance player leptin (LEP), further increasing the energetic burden and exposing a vulnerable point; acquired sensitivity to the identified compounds. We show that compound treatment stabilises Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1A) by antagonising Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)-mediated HIF1A ubiquitination, driving LEP hyperactivation. Importantly, we demonstrate that sensitivity to piceatannol/tyrphostin 23 epistatically relies on a HIF1A-LEP-Uncoupling Protein 2 (UCP2) signaling axis lowering cellular energy beyond survival, in already challenged LKB1-deficient cells. Thus, we uncover a pivotal metabolic vulnerability of LKB1-deficient tumours, which may be therapeutically exploited using our identified compounds as mitochondrial uncouplers.
Revealing the clinical impact of MTOR and ARID2 gene mutations on MALT lymphoma of the alimentary canal using targeted sequencing
Authors: Huang Xiang , Zeng Jiafei , Luo Yuqing , Luo Shuai , Li Yao , Wang Jinjing
Published: July 2024

Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) are a group of diseases with marked heterogeneity, including clinical, immunohistochemical, and molecular heterogeneity. The disease remains unspecified in the genetic landscape with only a few sequencing studies to date; however, systematic studies of alimentary canal MALT lymphoma have not been reported. To better understand the genetics of this tumor, targeted sequencing in a group of 31 cases (including 2 esophageal, 2 colonic, 4 small intestinal, and 23 gastric cases) and two cases of lymph node hyperplasiawere performed. We found epigenetic regulation (DNMT3A, KMT2D, KMT2A, EP300, TET2, etc.), signaling pathways (APC, CHD8, TNFAIP3, TNFRSF14, ZAP70, NF1,), and tumor suppressor genes (TP53, BCORL1, FOXO1, ATM, etc.) involved. Moreover, we found MTOR gene mutations in 16% of the cases that made these patients more prone to recurrence and metastasis than those with MTOR wild type genes. More interestingly, ARID2 mutations were detected in 32% of all the cases, and the mutation rate was higher and statistically significant in Helicobacter pylori (Hp)-negative patients in the gastric group. Therefore, this study found that MTOR and ARID2 gene mutations have pathogenic and prognostic implications.
MOREOVER: multiomics MR-guided radiotherapy optimization in locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Boldrini Luca , Chiloiro Giuditta , Di Franco Silvia , Romano Angela , Smiljanic Lana , Tran Elena Huong , Bono Francesco , Charles Davies Diepriye , Lopetuso Loris , De Bonis Maria , Minucci Angelo , Giacò Luciano , Cusumano Davide , Placidi Lorenzo , Giannarelli Diana , Sala Evis , Gambacorta Maria Antonietta
Published: July 2024

Background

Complete response prediction in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients is generally focused on the radiomics analysis of staging MRI. Until now, omics information extracted from gut microbiota and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) have not been integrated in composite biomarkers-based models, thereby omitting valuable information from the decision-making process. In this study, we aim to integrate radiomics with gut microbiota and ctDNA-based genomics tracking during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT).

Methods

The main hypothesis of the MOREOVER study is that the incorporation of composite biomarkers with radiomics-based models used in the THUNDER-2 trial will improve the pathological complete response (pCR) predictive power of such models, paving the way for more accurate and comprehensive personalized treatment approaches. This is due to the inclusion of actionable omics variables that may disclose previously unknown correlations with radiomics. Aims of this study are: - to generate longitudinal microbiome data linked to disease resistance to nCRT and postulate future therapeutic strategies in terms of both type of treatment and timing, such as fecal microbiota transplant in non-responding patients. - to describe the genomics pattern and ctDNA data evolution throughout the nCRT treatment in order to support the prediction outcome and identify new risk-category stratification agents. - to mine and combine collected data through integrated multi-omics approaches (radiomics, metagenomics, metabolomics, metatranscriptomics, human genomics, ctDNA) in order to increase the performance of the radiomics-based response predictive model for LARC patients undergoing nCRT on MR-Linac.

Experimental design

The objective of the MOREOVER project is to enrich the phase II THUNDER-2 trial (NCT04815694) with gut microbiota and ctDNA omics information, by exploring the possibility to enhance predictive performance of the developed model. Longitudinal ctDNA genomics, microbiome and genomics data will be analyzed on 7 timepoints: prior to nCRT, during nCRT on a weekly basis and prior to surgery. Specific modelling will be performed for data harvested, according to the TRIPOD statements.

Discussion

We expect to find differences in fecal microbiome, ctDNA and radiomics profiles between the two groups of patients (pCR and not pCR). In addition, we expect to find a variability in the stability of the considered omics features over time. The identified profiles will be inserted into dedicated modelling solutions to set up a multiomics decision support system able to achieve personalized treatments.
Clinical outcomes of guider-assisted osteotomy compared to conventional pendulum-saw osteotomy in open wedge high tibial osteotomy: a propensity score-matched cohort study
Authors: Guo Haichuan , Pan Naihao , Yang Bin , Ma Meixin , Wu Dongwei , Li Chengsi , Zhu Ruoxuan , Wang Maolin , Zhu Yanbin , Zhang Yingze , Wang Juan
Published: July 2024

Purpose

We developed a novel guider-assisted osteotomy (GAO) procedure to improve the safety of open wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) and aimed to compare its efficacy and complications with the conventional pendulum-saw osteotomy (PSO).

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing either GAO or PSO procedure in the OWHTO to treat varus knee osteoarthritis, who had a minimum of 2 years of follow-up. Patients were propensity score matched (PSM) in a 1:1 ratio based on demographic and clinical data with a caliper width of 0.02. The outcomes assessed involved the hospital for special surgery (HSS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score, and the Intraoperative and postoperative complications.

Results

199 patients were included in each group after PSM. The mean duration of follow-up was 38.3 ± 8.9 months. The GAO group had a shorter operation duration (104.5 ± 35.7 vs. 112.1 ± 36.0 min, p = 0.027) and fewer times of intraoperative fluoroscopy (4.2 ± 1.4 vs. 6.0 ± 1.4, p < 0.001). At the last follow-up, clinical scores for knee achieved significant improvements in both GAO and PSO groups: HSS (67.5 ± 10.5 vs. 90.2 ± 7.0, p < 0.001; 69.4 ± 8.2 vs. 91.7 ± 6.8, p < 0.001) and WOMAC (65.7 ± 11.6 vs. 25.2 ± 10.4, p < 0.001; 63.3 ± 12.2 vs. 23.8 ± 9.5, p < 0.001). However, no significant difference was observed between groups for any measures (p > 0.05). In addition, the intraoperative complications (0.5% vs. 3.5%, p = 0.068) and the postoperative bone delayed union and nonunion (1.0% vs. 4.5%, p = 0.032) were marginally or significantly reduced in the GAO versus PSO group.

Conclusion

GAO demonstrates improvements in intraoperative radiation exposure and complications, with comparable short-term efficacy to PSO, and could be considered a viable alternative in clinical practice.
m6A-mediated lnc-OXAR promotes oxaliplatin resistance by enhancing Ku70 stability in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lin Zhu , Huang Zhenkun , Qiu Jiliang , Shi Yunxing , Zuo Dinglan , Qiu Zhiyu , He Wei , Niu Yi , Yuan Yunfei , Li Binkui
Published: July 2024

Background

The escalating prevalence of metabolic diseases has led to a rapid increase in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (NASH-HCC). While oxaliplatin (OXA)-based hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) has shown promise in advanced-stage HCC patients, its efficacy in NASH-HCC remains uncertain. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of OXA-based HAIC and elucidate the mechanisms underlying OXA resistance in NASH-HCC.

Methods

The key lncRNAs were screened through RNA-seq analysis of NASH/non-NASH and OXA-sensitive/OXA-resistant (OXA-S/R) HCC tissues. The biological functions of the lnc-OXAR (OXA resistance–related lncRNA in NASH-HCC) in NASH-HCC were verified through a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. The molecular mechanism of lnc-OXAR was elucidated by fluorescence in situ hybridization, immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry (FISH), Immunoprecipitation-Mass Spectrometry (IP-MS), RNA pulldown, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-Seq) and a dual-luciferase reporter assay.

Results

NASH-HCC exhibited reduced responsiveness to OXA-based HAIC compared to non-NASH HCC. We identified and validated a novel transcript namedlnc-OXAR, which played a crucial role in conferring OXA resistance to NASH-HCC. Inhibition of lnc-OXAR suppressed HCC cell growth and restored OXA sensitivity both in NASH-HCC mouse models and in vitro. Mechanistically, lnc-OXAR recruited Ku70 and cystatin A (CSTA), preventing Ku70 degradation and facilitating DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair, thereby promoting OXA resistance in NASH-HCC. Additionally, WTAP-mediated m6A modification enhanced the stability of lnc-OXAR in an IGF2BP2-dependent manner. Notably, silencing lnc-OXAR significantly enhanced the response to OXA in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models derived from NASH-HCC.

Conclusions

The reduced responsiveness of NASH-HCC to OXA treatment can be attributed to the upregulation of lnc-OXAR. Our findings provide a rationale for stratifying HCC patients undergoing OXA-based HAIC based on etiology. Lnc-OXAR holds promise as a novel target for overcoming OXA resistance in NASH-HCC and improving prognosis.
The effects of an 8-week dynamic neuromuscular stabilization exercise on pain, functional disability, and quality of life in individuals with non-specific chronic low back pain: a randomized clinical trial with a two-month follow-up study
Authors: Rabieezadeh Alireza , Mahdavinejad Reza , Sedehi Morteza , Adimi Meisam
Published: July 2024

Background

Low back pain (LBP) is a common disorder and is considered one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, resulting in adverse health, social, and economic outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the effects and durability of 8-week Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization (DNS) exercises on pain, functional disability, and quality of life in individuals aged 30 to 50 years with non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP).

Methods

This research employed a pre- and post-test design with a follow-up period, in which 29 participants (16 in the control group and 13 in the exercise group) remained until the end of the study. Pain intensity, functional disability, and quality of life were assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS), the Oswestry Disability Index, and the SF-36 questionnaire, respectively, before intervention, immediately after, and two months post-intervention. The control group continued their routine daily activities, while the exercise group performed DNS exercises three times a week for 8 weeks. The data was analyzed using a mixed-design ANOVA (P ≤ 0.05).

Results

The results showed improvements in pain (F (2,24) = 5.31, P = 0.01, η2 = 0.31), functional disability (F (2,24) = 4.17, P = 0.03, η2 = 0.26), and quality of life (F (2,24) = 4.70, P = 0.02, η2 = 0.28) in the exercise group at the Post-test compared to the Pre-test. However, the durability of the exercise effects at the follow-up assessment was not sustainable compared to the Post-test and Pre-test (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

An 8-week period of DNS exercises can improve pain, functional disability, and quality of life in individuals with NSCLBP. However, a 2-month period of detraining can reduce the positive outcomes of these exercises.

Trial registration

The researchers retrospectively registered this trial on 21/04/2024, with the identifier IRCT20240107060646N1 in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) at the following address: https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir.
The system of mixed type additive-quadratic equations and approximations
Authors: Bodaghi Abasalt , Mahzoon Hesam , Mikaeilvand Nasser
Published: July 2024

In this article, we study the structure of a multiple variable mapping. Indeed, we reduce the system of several mixed additive-quadratic equations defining a multivariable mapping to obtain a single functional equation, say, the multimixed additive-quadratic equation. We also show that such mappings under some conditions can be multi-additive, multi-quadratic and multi-additive-quadratic. Moreover, we establish the Hyers–Ulam stability of the multimixed additive-quadratic equation, using the so-called direct (Hyers) method. Additionally, we present a concrete example (the numerical approximation) regarding the stability of some two variable mappings into real numbers. Applying some characterization results, we indicate two examples for the case that a multimixed additive-quadratic mapping (in the special cases) cannot be stable.
Effects of Lévy noise and impulsive action on the averaging principle of Atangana–Baleanu fractional stochastic delay differential equations
Authors: Sayed Ahmed A. M. , Ahmed Hamdy M. , Ahmed Karim K. , Al-Askr Farah M. , Mohammed Wael W.
Published: July 2024

As delays are common, persistent, and ingrained in daily life, it is imperative to take them into account. In this work, we explore the averaging principle for impulsive Atangana–Baleanu fractional stochastic delay differential equations driven by Lévy noise. The link between the averaged equation solutions and the equivalent solutions of the original equations is shown in the sense of mean square. To achieve the intended outcomes, fractional calculus, semigroup properties, and stochastic analysis theory are used. We also provide an example to demonstrate the practicality and relevance of our research.
Systematic review of humeral shaft fracture (OTA/AO 12) complicated with iatrogenic radial nerve injury
Authors: Zhang Zeyu , Lin Zhongpei , Qiu Qinglin , Xiao Xincai , Su Shouwen , Wen Xiaoyue , He Bo
Published: July 2024

Objectives

To compare the iatrogenic radial nerve injury (iRNI) rate of different implant (plate vs. intramedullary nail) and surgical approaches during humeral shaft fracture surgery.

Methods

The online PubMed database was used to search for articles describing iRNI after humeral fracture with a publication date from Jan 2000 to October 2023. The following types of articles were selected: (1) case series associating with adult humeral shaft fracture, preoperative radial nerve continuity, non-pathological fracture and non-periprosthetic fracture; (2) involving humeral shaft (OTA/AO 12) fractures. Articles where we were unable to judge surgical approach or fracture pattern (OTA/AO 12) were excluded. The data were analyzed by SPSS 27.0 and Chi-square test was performed to identify incidence of iRNI associated with different implant and surgical approaches.

Results

Fifty-four articles with 5063 cases were included, with 3510 cases of the plate, 830 cases of intramedullary nail and 723 cases of uncertain internal fixation. The incidences of iRNI with plate and intramedullary nail were 5.95% (209/3510) and 2.77% (23/830) (p < 0.05). And iRNI incidences of different surgical approaches were 3.7% (3/82) for deltopectoral approach, 5.74% (76/1323) for anterolateral approach, 13.54% (26/192) for lateral approach and 6.68% (50/749) for posterior approach. The iRNI rates were 0.00% (0/33) for anteromedial MIPO, 2.67% (10/374) for anterolateral MIPO and 5.40% (2/37) for posterior MIPO (p > 0.05). The iRNI rates were 2.87% (21/732) for anterograde intramedullary nail and 2.04% (2/98) for retrograde intramedullary nail (p > 0.05). In humeral bone nonunion surgery, the rate of iRNI was 15.00% (9/60) for anterolateral approach, 16.7% (2/12) for lateral approach and 18.2% (6/33) for posterior approach (p  > 0.05).

Conclusion

Intramedullary nailing is the preferred method of internal fixation for humeral shaft fractures that has the lowest rate of iRNI. Compared with anterolateral and posterior approaches, the lateral surgical approach had a higher incidence of iRNI. The rate of iRNI in MIPO was lower than that in open reduction and internal fixation.

Level of evidence

Level IV.