bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling long-term volcanic deformation at Kusatsu-Shirane and Asama volcanoes, Japan, using the GNSS coordinate time series
Authors: Munekane Hiroshi
Published: October 2021

Long-term deformation of Kusatsu-Shirane and Asama volcanoes in central Japan were investigated using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements. Large postseismic deformation caused by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake—which obscures the long-term volcanic deformation—was effectively removed by approximating the postseismic and other recent tectonic deformation in terms of quadrature of the geographical eastings/northings. Subsequently, deformation source parameters were estimated by the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method and linear inversion, employing an analytical model that calculates the deformation from an arbitrary oriented prolate/oblate spheroid. The deformation source of Kusatsu-Shirane volcano was found to be a sill-like oblate spheroid located a few kilometers northwest of the Yugama crater at a depth of approximately 4 $$\text {km}$$
km
, while that of Asama was also estimated to be a sill-like oblate spheroid beneath the western flank of the edifice at a depth of approximately 12 $$\text {km}$$
km
, along with the previously reported shallow east–west striking dike at a depth of approximately 1 $$\text {km}$$
km
. It was revealed that (1) volume changes of the Kusatsu-Shirane deformation source and the shallow deformation source of Asama were correlated with the volcanic activities of the corresponding volcanoes, and (2) the Asama deep source has been steadily losing volume, which may indicate that the volcano will experience fewer eruptions in the near future.
A review of unusual VLF bursty-patches observed in Northern Finland for Earth, Planets and Space
Authors: Martinez-Calderon Claudia , Manninen Jyrki K. , Manninen Jemina T. , Turunen Tauno
Published: October 2021

Using numerical filtering techniques allowing us to reduce noise from sferics, we are able to clearly study a new type of differently structured very low frequency (VLF) radio waves above f = 4 kHz at the ground station of Kannuslehto in northern Finland (KAN, MLAT = 64.4°N, L = 5.5). These emissions are intriguing, since they are detected at frequencies above half the electron gyrofrequency in the equatorial plane (fce) for the L-shell of Kannuslehto (fce ~ 5–6 kHz). They are commonly observed at Kannuslehto, but have also been infrequently reported at other stations, sometimes under different names. Their possible common origin and manner of propagation is still under investigation. This paper unifies the nomenclature by regrouping all these waves detected at frequencies higher than the local equatorial 0.5 fce at the L-shell of observation under the name of VLF bursty-patches. While these waves have different spectral features, they appeared mostly composed of hiss bursts with durations of a few seconds to several minutes. They also show periodic features with varying periodicity and shape. They are sometimes characterized by single bursts covering very large frequency ranges of several kHz. We also give a review of the different characteristics of VLF bursty-patches observed at Kannuslehto, which at the moment, is the station with the highest observation rate. We present recent observations between 2019 and 2021.
Targeting PPARα in low ambient temperature exposure-induced cardiac dysfunction and remodeling
Authors: Chen Xi-Yao , Jiao Yang , Zhang Fu-Yang
Published: October 2021

The present study demonstrates that the down-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) results in chronic low ambient temperature (LT) exposure-induced cardiac dysfunction and remodeling, emphasizing the therapeutic potential of PPARα activation strategies (e.g. fenofibrate treatment) in LT-associated cardiac injury.
Realization of a polarization-insensitive optical frequency-domain reflectometer using an I/Q homodyne detection
Authors: Jderu Alin , Soto Marcelo A. , Enachescu Marius , Ziegler Dominik
Published: October 2021

We report on the development and implementation of an optical frequency-domain reflectometer (OFDR) sensing platform. OFDR allows to measure changes in strain and temperature using optical fibers with a length of several tens of meters with very high spatial resolution. We discuss the operation principles and challenges to implement an OFDR system using optical homodyne detection based on a dual-polarization 90° optical hybrid. Our setup exhibits polarization and phase diversity, fully automated data acquisition and data processing using a LabVIEW-based implemented software environment. Using an optical hybrid enables to discriminate phase, amplitude and polarization by interfering the Rayleigh scatter signal and a local oscillator with four 90° phase stepped interferences between the two signals. Without averaging and a fast acquisition time of 230 ms, our preliminary results show a spatial resolution of 5 cm and a temperature resolution of about 0.1 Kelvin on a 3 m-long fiber.
Southern corn rust caused by Puccinia polysora Underw: a review
Authors: Sun Qiuyu , Li Leifu , Guo Fangfang , Zhang Keyu , Dong Jiayu , Luo Yong , Ma Zhanhong
Published: October 2021

Southern corn rust (SCR) caused by Puccinia polysora Underw is one of the most devastating maize diseases, resulting in substantial yield losses worldwide. The pathogen is an obligate biotrophic parasite that is difficult to culture on artificial media. In recent years, the disease has become prevalent—both globally and in China—and increasing difficult to control because of its wide distribution, long-distance migration, multiple physiological races and fast evolution, all of which have contributed to a considerable increase in the risks of associated epidemics. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of P. polysora, with emphasis on its global distribution (particularly in China), life and disease cycle, population genetics, migration, physiological races, resistance genes in maize and management. Understanding the underlying factors and processes in SCR epidemics should facilitate management of the disease and breeding for resistant maize varieties.
Variable demand model for periodically reviewing with allowing refunding parts of the orders
Authors: Hollah O. M.
Published: October 2021

Depending on a field study for one of the largest iron and paints warehouses in Egypt, this paper presents a new multi-item periodic review inventory model considering the refunding quantity cost. Through this field study, we found that the inventory level is monitored periodically at equal time intervals. Returning a part of the goods that were previously ordered is permitted. Also, a shortage is permissible to occur despite having orders, and it is a combination of the backorder and lost sales. This model has been applied in both crisp and fuzzy environments since the fuzzy case is more suitable for real-life than crisp. The Lagrange multiplier technique is used for solving the restricted mathematical model. Here, the demand is a random variable that follows the normal distribution with zero lead-time. Finally, the model is followed by a real application to clarify the model and prove its efficiency.
Barriers to Cancer Care in Northern Tanzania: Patient and Health-System Predictors for Delayed Presentation
Authors: Rick Tara J. , Aagard Magdeline , Erwin Erica , Leintz Caara , Danik Elizabeth , Serventi Furaha , Henke Oliver , Yeates Karen
Published: October 2021

PURPOSE

Cancer is a growing problem in Africa, and delays in receiving timely cancer care often results in poorer outcomes. The purpose of this study was to identify the patient and health-system factors associated with delayed cancer care in adults living in the Northern Zone of Tanzania.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Between July 2018 and July 2019, we surveyed adult patients presenting to an oncology clinic in Northern Tanzania. Delayed presentation was defined as 12 weeks or longer from initial symptoms to presentation for cancer care. Multivariate Poisson regression and adjusted relative risk (aRR) were used to identify factors predicting delayed presentation.

RESULTS

Among 244 adult patients with cancer who completed the survey, 78% (n = 191) had delayed presentation. Patient-related factors associated with delayed presentation included lower educational attainment ( P = .03), increased travel time ( P = .05), lack of cancer knowledge ( P < .05), and fear of cancer and cancer treatments ( P < .05) on multivariate analysis. On analysis of aRR, patients without private car and those with health insurance had higher risk of delayed presentation (aRR: 1.27; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.32 and aRR: 1.15; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.32). There was a strong association with increased number of visits before presentation at the cancer center and delayed presentation ( P = .0009).

CONCLUSION

Cancer awareness and prevention efforts targeting patients and community-level health care workers are key to reduce delays in cancer care in Northern Tanzania.
Επίδραση της θεραπείας καρδιακού επανασυγχρονισμού στη λειτουργία του αγγειακού δικτύου
Authors: Καραμιχαλάκης Νικόλαος
Published: October 2021

Σκοπός της μελέτης: Να διερευνήσει την επίδραση της θεραπείας καρδιακού επανασυγχρονισμού (Cardiac resynchronization therapy – CRT ) στην ενδοθηλιακή δυσλειτουργία και στις αγγειακές ελαστικές ιδιότητες και δευτερευόντως να καθορίσει από τους μελετώμενους δείκτες, προγνωστικούς δείκτες ανταπόκρισης στη θεραπεία.Μέθοδοι: Ασθενείς με χρόνια καρδιακή ανεπάρκεια (ΧΚΑ) που έλαβαν CRT από 07.19.2016 έως 10.19.2018 μελετήθηκαν πριν και 3 μήνες μετά τη εμφύτευση CRT. Σε κάθε επίσκεψη διενεργήθηκε 12κάναλο ΗΚΓ και εκτιμήθηκε η αγγειακή λειτουργία με διενέργεια των δεικτών cfPWV και FMD. Μετρήσαμε ΚΕΑΚ, LV GLS και υπολογίσαμε το λόγο Ea/Ees με ηχωκαρδιογραφία καθώς και το λόγο cfPWV/GLS, ως έγκυρους δείκτες κοιλιακής -αρτηριακής σύζευξης και αλληλεπίδρασης. Τέλος μετρήσαμε το στρώμα του ενδοθηλιακού γλυκοκάλυκα με το PBR της υπογλώσσιας αγγειακής μικροκυκλοφορία στη τάξη του 5-25 microns (υψηλότερες τιμές PBR υποδεικνύουν μικρότερο πάχος του στρώματος του ενδοθηλιακού γλυκοκάλυκα).Αποτελέσματα: 32 ασθενείς με μέση ηλικία 65.5 (±10.9) έτη και σοβαρή συστολική δυσλειτουργία της ΑΚ (αρχικές τιμές ΚΕΑΚ: 27 ± 7%, ΤΣΟΑΚ: 151 ± 42ml, GLS: 6.47 ± 2.89%) παρακολουθήθηκαν για μέση διάρκεια 115 ημέρες (IQR: 36). 23 από αυτούς ήταν άρρενες και 15 έπασχαν από ισχαιμικής αιτιολογίας ΚΑ .Κατά τη διάρκεια της παρακολούθησης το ΚΕΑΚ και GLS αυξήθηκαν σημαντικά (μέση μεταβολή: 7.50 ± 4.77% και 2.85 ±2.28% αντιστοίχως) και ο ΤΣΟΑΚ μειώθηκε σημαντικά (μεση μεταβολή: -26.91 ±17.20 ml). Όλες οι μετρήσεις που σχετίζονταν με ενδοθηλιακή δυσλειτουργία εμφάνισαν σημαντική βελτίωση: FMD αυξήθηκε κατά 4.37 ± 3.34% (p<0.001), PBR 5-25 μειώθηκε κατά 0.13 ± 0.25 microns (p=0.028), ενώ το Ea/Ees μειώθηκε κατά 0.77 ± 0.47% (p<0.001) και το cfPWV by 1.10 ± 1.56 (p=0.003). 23 από τους 32 ασθενείς ταυτοποιήθηκαν ως CRT responders καθώς εμφάνισαν μείωση του ΤΣΟΑΚ >15% σε σχέση με την αρχική τιμή. Από τους εξεταζόμενους δείκτες αγγειακής λειτουργίας μόνο η αρχική τιμή του λόγου cfPWV/GLS, ενός νεότερου δείκτη κοιλιακής αρτηριακής αλληλεπίδρασης, προέβλεψε ανταπόκριση στη θεραπεία (OR: 0.245, 95%CI: 0.042-0.759, p=0.044). Ανάλυση ουδού έδειξε ότι ο καλύτερος ουδός του cfPWV/GLS ήταν -2.75 (με ειδικότητα: 67 %, ευαισθησία: 94 %) για την ανταπόκριση σε CRT.Συμπέρασμα: Μετά από 3 μήνες αμφικοιλιακής βηματοδότησης, οι ασθενείς με ΧΚΑ εμφανίζουν βελτίωση στους δείκτες αγγειακής και ενδοθηλιακής λειτουργίας και ο δείκτης κοιλιακής αρτηριακής σύζευξης cfPWV/GLS μπορεί να προβλέψει από την αρχική του τιμή ανταπόκριση στη θεραπεία επανασυγχρονισμού.
Η αναπαράσταση της αναπηρίας στη νεοελληνική πεζογραφία 1880-1940
Authors: Παρασκεύα Σταματία
Published: October 2021

Σκοπός της παρούσας διατριβής είναι η διερεύνηση και η παρουσίαση των αναπαραστάσεων της γλωσσικής αναπηρίας σε κείμενα της νεοελληνικής πεζογραφίας κατά την περίοδο 1880-1940. Εκκινώντας από την άποψη πως η αναπηρία είναι ένα σύνθετο φαινόμενο σωματικής εμπειρίας και, ταυτόχρονα, μια κατασκευή που υπακούει σε πολιτισμικά, κοινωνικά, πολιτικά μοντέλα και συμφραζόμενα, τα οποία χειραγωγούν και επιβάλλονται ιδεολογικά, η διατριβή σκοπεύει να εξετάσει τους τρόπους με τους οποίους δομούνται αφηγηματικοί χαρακτήρες με διαταραχές λόγου, όπως οι κωφοί και οι βραδύγλωσσοι. Ειδικότερα, η μελέτη αυτή έχει στόχο να εξετάσει πώς οι χαρακτήρες αυτοί αναπαρίστανται και λειτουργούν μέσα στην αφήγηση υπό το πρίσμα των σπουδών αναπηρίας (Disability Studies), αλλά και των θεωριών με τις οποίες συχνά διασταυρώνονται, αναδεικνύοντας, παράλληλα, ευρύτερα ζητήματα για τη σχέση λογοτεχνίας, σώματος, επικοινωνίας και γνώσης.
Precision engineering for ultra-cold atoms and space experiments
Authors: Δρουγκάκης Ιωάννης
Published: October 2021

Οι υπερ-ψυχρές τεχνολογίες ατόμων υπόσχονται σημαντικές βελτιώσεις στους τομείς της ανίχνευσης, της επικοινωνίας, της κβαντικής προσομοίωσης και του υπολογισμού. Για να αξιοποιηθούν πλήρως οι δυνατότητές τους, πρέπει να αναπτυχθούν πολλές νέες τεχνολογίες. Σε αυτή τη διατριβή επικεντρώνομαι σε τρεις από αυτές: την μηχανική ακρίβειας των κυματοδηγών, την μηχανική ακριβείας της κατάστασης εισόδου του αισθητήρα και τις εξαιρετικά σταθερές και στιβαρές τεχνολογίες για διαστημικές αποστολές. Αυτές οι τρεις κύριες προκλήσεις του πεδίου διερευνώνται σε αυτήν την εργασία. Αρχικά, διερευνώ τα όρια της χωρίς διέγερση μεταφοράς συμπυκνωμάτων Bose-Einstein (BECs) και υπερ-ψυχρών ατομικών νεφών σε κυματοδηγούς μαγνητικού πεδίου (TAAP) με σχήμα δακτυλίου εισάγοντας τεχνητά εμπόδια. Παρατηρείται μια ευρεία περιοχή όπου δεν υπάρχει διέγερση μέχρι την τιμή ενός κατωφλίου, όπου παρατηρείται απότομη αύξηση της διέγερσης του ατομικού νέφους. Παρουσιάζω επίσης μια ακριβή και απλή μέθοδο ανίχνευσης, με μόνο σφάλμα 1% στη μέτρηση του αριθμού των ατόμων. Αυτό αποτελεί βελτίωση περίπου 10 φορές στην ακρίβεια της πειραματικής μας ακολουθίας. Η μέθοδος έχει τη δυνατότητα να εφαρμοστεί ως ελάχιστα καταστρεπτική τεχνική μέτρησης για την κβαντική κατάσταση και τη θερμοκρασία του υπερ-ψυχρού νέφους. Τέλος, αναπτύχθηκε μια συμβατή με το διάστημα σύζευξη οπτικών ινών. Επιτεύχθηκε υψηλή απόδοση σύζευξης της τάξης του 94% και διακυμάνσεις μικρότερες από 1% παρουσία διακυμάνσεων στην θερμοκρασία και κραδασμών. Αυτές οι επιδείξεις ανοίγουν το δρόμο προς την πραγματοποίηση πρακτικών συσκευών που βασίζονται σε υπέρψυχρα νέφη. Στα πλαίσια της εργασίας σχεδιάστηκαν και δημιουργήθηκαν προσαρμοσμένες ηλεκτρονικές διατάξεις και λογισμικό.
The relationship between umbilical–portal–systemic venous shunt and outcome in 11 fetuses
Authors: Fang Liu , Xueyan Wang , Yangxue Xiao , Xiaohang Zhang , Suzhen Ran , Lan Zhou , Deying He
Published: October 2021

Objective: To investigate the relationship between congenital umbilical–portal–systemic venous shunt (UPSVs) and fetal outcome.

Methods: The ultrasonographic and genetic characteristics of 11 cases of UPSVS were retrospectively analyzed and followed up to postnatal.

Results: Four cases of ductus venosus -- systemic shunt (DVSS), one case of extrahepatic portal -- systemic shunt (EHPSS), and one case of umbilical systemic shunt (USS) combined with intrahepatic portal-systemic shunt (IHPSS), six cases of intrahepatic portal-systemic shunt (IHPSS) were observed. chromosomal abnormalities were observed in 9.1% (1/11), other ultrasonic abnormalities in 54.5% (6/11), cardiothoracic ratio increase in 45.5% (5/11), fetal growth restriction in 36.4% (4/11), edema was in 9.1% (1/11) and live birth was in 72.7% (8/11).

Conclusion: The incidence of IHPSS is the highest and the outcome is the best. Shunt of DVSS and IHPSS can be closed spontaneously after birth. When the prenatal diagnosis is congenital UPSVs, chromosomal abnormalities and other ultrasonic abnormalities should be required further examination, and the growth and development of the fetus should be closely monitored.
Pancreatic cancer grading in pathological images using deep learning convolutional neural networks
Authors: Mohamad Sehmi Muhammad Nurmahir , Ahmad Fauzi Mohammad Faizal , Wan Ahmad Wan Siti Halimatul Munirah , Wan Ling Chan Elaine
Published: October 2021

Background: Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest forms of cancer. The cancer grades define how aggressively the cancer will spread and give indication for doctors to make proper prognosis and treatment. The current method of pancreatic cancer grading, by means of manual examination of the cancerous tissue following a biopsy, is time consuming and often results in misdiagnosis and thus incorrect treatment. This paper presents an automated grading system for pancreatic cancer from pathology images developed by comparing deep learning models on two different pathological stains.

Methods: A transfer-learning technique was adopted by testing the method on 14 different ImageNet pre-trained models. The models were fine-tuned to be trained with our dataset.

Results: From the experiment, DenseNet models appeared to be the best at classifying the validation set with up to 95.61% accuracy in grading pancreatic cancer despite the small sample set.

Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work in grading pancreatic cancer based on pathology images. Previous works have either focused only on detection (benign or malignant), or on radiology images (computerized tomography [CT], magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] etc.). The proposed system can be very useful to pathologists in facilitating an automated or semi-automated cancer grading system, which can address the problems found in manual grading.
Statistical Forecast of the Development of Trade and Economic Relations Between Iraq and Russia
Authors: Al'dzhlabi Hassan Hadi Manhel , Chaplyuk V.
Published: October 2021

The article clearly shows the importance of using statistical forecasts to model situations in the development of trade and economic relations on the example of Iraq and Russia. It is hypothesized that statistical forecasts are more reliable when supplemented with factor and regression analysis. This hypothesis is demonstrated in the construction of forecasts of the values of exports and imports between Russia and Iraq for 2021-2022. The forecast values are found taking into account the influence of various factors: the rate of production, the standard of living of the population, the exchange rate, GDP, etc. As a result, the forecast values of the development of trade and economic relations between the countries are obtained and measures to adjust mutual cooperation are proposed.
Ziemiańskie długi a wspólnota narodowa. Spór o moratorium dla dłużników w Królestwie Polskim w latach 1815–1825
Authors: Mycielski Maciej
Published: October 2021

Dyskusja o moratorium na spłatę ziemiańskich długów toczyła się w Królestwie Polskim na dwóch sejmach, w 1818 i 1820 r., a także na łamach prasy. Zwolennicy moratorium przedstawiali zadłużenie majątków ziemskich jako efekt ponoszenia wielkich ofiar na cele narodowe i zniszczeń wojennych w czasach Księstwa Warszawskiego. Ofiarnym ziemianom przeciwstawiano egoistycznych posiadaczy kapitałów, chcących przejąć majątki ziemskie. Zwolennicy i przeciwnicy zawieszenia spłaty długów odwoływali się do różnych koncepcji wspólnoty narodowej i do różnych ideałów obywatelstwa, inaczej też przedstawiali polityczną rolę różnych grup społecznych.
U początków modernizacji studium historycznego na Uniwersytecie Jagiellońskim. Starania Ksawerego Liskego i Wincentego Zakrzewskiego o Katedrę Historii Powszechnej na UJ
Authors: Kawalec Agnieszka
Published: October 2021

Tekst poświęcony jest dziejom Katedry Historii Powszechnej Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego w końcowym okresie polonizacji Wydziału Filozoficznego UJ. Przedstawia burzliwy czas wymiany kadrowej, przypadającej na lata 1869–1872, a w szczególności starania Ksawerego Liskego i Wincentego Zakrzewskiego o profesurę UJ, wspierane przez niedawno powołanego profesora historii polskiej Józefa Szujskiego. Wymienieni historycy zapoczątkowali proces profesjonalizacji badań historycznych w Krakowie i Lwowie, współtworzyli zaplecze instytucjonalne, zaprowadzili nowe standardy kształcenia, przenosząc na grunt polski wzorce niemieckiej szkoły krytycznej.
Intencjonalność i trauma: Odkrywając podmiotowość z Husserlem i Freudem
Authors: Moroz Kamil
Published: October 2021

INTENTIONALITY AND TRAUMA: DISCOVERING SUBJECTIVITY WITH HUSSERL AND FREUD This book contains (1) a preliminary reflection on subjectivity as related to E. Husserl’s phenomenology and S. Freud’s psychoanalysis, and (2) a preliminary interpretation of subjectivity facilitated by theoretical and practical findings of the father of phenomenology and the father of psychoanalysis. The aim of the work is not so much a description and analysis of the concept of the subject, as exploring new perspectives on the idea of subjectivity that open up thanks to phenomenology and psychoanalysis. As the fundamental tool of this exploration, the concept of something is utilized, whose operational understanding is taken here from E. Fink.
Quasi-Popular Matchings, Optimality, and Extended Formulations
Authors: Faenza Yuri , Kavitha Telikepalli
Published: October 2021

Let [Formula: see text] be an instance of the stable marriage problem in which every vertex ranks its neighbors in a strict order of preference. A matching [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] is popular if [Formula: see text] does not lose a head-to-head election against any matching. Popular matchings generalize stable matchings. Unfortunately, when there are edge costs, to find or even approximate up to any factor a popular matching of minimum cost is NP-hard. Let [Formula: see text] be the cost of a min-cost popular matching. Our goal is to efficiently compute a matching of cost at most [Formula: see text] by paying the price of mildly relaxing popularity. Our main positive results are two bicriteria algorithms that find in polynomial time a “quasi-popular” matching of cost at most [Formula: see text]. Moreover, one of the algorithms finds a quasi-popular matching of cost at most that of a min-cost popular fractional matching, which could be much smaller than [Formula: see text]. Key to the other algorithm is a polynomial-size extended formulation for an integral polytope sandwiched between the popular and quasi-popular matching polytopes. We complement these results by showing that it is NP-hard to find a quasi-popular matching of minimum cost and that both the popular and quasi-popular matching polytopes have near-exponential extension complexity.
Comment on Modified Fare Ratio in a Two-Class Static Revenue Management Model with Buy-up Behavior
Authors: Takagi Hideaki
Published: October 2021

We review the optimal booking limit in the two-class static revenue management model with customers’ buy-up behavior. This is when a deterministic fraction of the low-fare customer class that cannot book early are willing to book the higher fare later. This simple model with dependent demands is difficult to analyze. Some well-known publications, such as Talluri and van Ryzin ( 2004 ) and Phillips ( 2005 ), treat this model incorrectly. In this note, we correct an erroneous formula for the modified fare ratio with the proper probabilistic interpretation. The correction was established previously by Brumelle et al. ( 1990 ). Numerical examples reveal that the corrected modified fare ratio provides a lower optimal booking limit, resulting in a higher expected revenue than those obtained by using the incorrect modified fare ratio.
A patient information video for treatment under intravenous conscious sedation: considerations, challenges and prospects
Authors: Tagar Harjit , Modgill Omesh , Patel Jashme , Edwards Julie , Obisesan Olamide
Published: October 2021

This article describes the use of a newly developed animation for the delivery of patient information pertinent to dental treatment performed under intravenous conscious sedation, and provides an understanding of how digital health-related information impacts upon the patient experience. This article provides insight into the rationale for using animation as a means to deliver healthcare-related information, the process undertaken to develop this animation and how the themes and imagery in the animation can be used more broadly to further enhance the patient experience in primary and secondary dental care settings.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article outlines the process of developing an animation for patient information and the impact animation can have upon patient experience locally as an aid to delivering instructions.
How is family life changing in the UK?
Authors: Hancock Dave
Published: October 2021

With family circumstances so important in early childhood, what demographic, social and economic changes have taken place in the last 20 years? Dave Hancock looks at recent research
Development and Optimization of a Deep-Learning-Based Egg-Collecting Robot
Authors: Li Guoming , Chesser Gary D. , Huang Yanbo , Zhao Yang , Purswell Joseph L.
Published: October 2021

Highlights

An egg-collecting robot embedded with deep-learning-based computer vision algorithms was constructed.

The retrained deep-learning detector achieved >93% performance for detecting and locating eggs in images.

The kernel sizes of 65 × 65 pixels for erosion and dilation in image processing assisted in extracting geometry features of eggs with the least remaining noises.

The robot with soft grouting sponge on the gripper had 92% to 94% success in picking white and brown eggs.

Abstract. Manual collection of floor eggs in cage-free hen housing systems is time-consuming and laborious. The objectives of this study were to (1) develop a robot to automatically collect floor eggs and (2) optimize the performance of recognizing and picking eggs with the robot. The robot consisted of a deep-learning-based egg detector, a robot arm, a two-finger gripper, and a hand-mounted camera. The deep-learning model, You Only Look Once (YOLO) V3, was embedded in the vision system to detect and locate eggs on a simulated litter floor in real-time. Image processing algorithms (e.g., cropping, erosion, etc.) were implemented for the detection and provided the robot with centroid coordinates, orientation, and axis lengths of the detected eggs, so that the gripper could be manipulated with an appropriate angle and opening width to grasp the detected eggs. For optimization, the YOLO V3 model was retrained with a dataset of floor eggs and achieved >93% performance in detecting and locating eggs. The kernel size of 65 × 65 pixels for erosion and dilation in image processing assisted in extracting the geometry features of eggs with the least remaining noises. Among the tested materials, soft grouting sponge attached to the gripper had the highest success rates for egg picking. The robot achieved 92% to 94% success in picking white and brown eggs. In sum, the developed egg-collecting robot can be relied on for picking floor eggs to assist in precision management of cage-free hen housing systems. Keywords: Floor egg, Image processing, Laying hen, Robot arm, Soft gripper, YOLO V3.
A Study on Hybrid Hierarchical Network Representation Learning
Authors: Hu Yongxiang
Published: October 2021

Network representation learning (NRL) aims to convert nodes of a network into vector forms in Euclidean space. The information of a network is needed to be preserved as much as possible when NRL converts nodes into vector representation. A hybrid approach proposed in this paper is a framework to improve other NRL methods by considering the structure of densely connected nodes (community-like structure). HARP [1] is to contract a network into a series of contracted networks and embed them from the high-level contracted network to the low-level one. The vector representation (or embedding) for a high-level contracted network is used to initialize the learning process of a low-level contracted graph hierarchically. In this method (Hybrid Approach), HARP is revised by using a well-designed initialization process on the most high-level contracted network to preserve more community-like structure information.
Research on Mining and Application of Group Events Based on Network Public Opinion Big Data
Authors: Gao Weimin , Zhong Jiaming , Xiao Yuan
Published: October 2021

Network Public Opinion is significant in maintaining social harmony and stability and promoting transparency in government affairs. However, with the development of economy and transformation of society, our country has entered a high-risk period, which is full of unexpected public events. Unexpected mass accidents also cause hot discussions among the Internet users once they are exposed on the network. Different ideas, opinions, emotions, and attitudes about unexpected public events will be collected and collide on the Internet. It makes Network Public Opinion play an increasingly important role in the evolution of unexpected public events. It could promote the spread and upgrade of unexpected public events and bring more and more profound influence on to our social life. We use the case study method to analyze and solve the problems by applying the dynamic principles of the SIR epidemic model, comprehensively considering the social environment and various influencing factors, and constructing a mathematical model for the spread of network group events. The study uses Matlab to simulate the change trajectory of the number of participants in the network group events. By adjusting the number of contacts φ in the model, the development of network group emergencies can be effectively controlled and managed. As long as the government takes timely intervention measures, the dissemination of network group events can be basically controlled. Combined with public opinion big data to discover the important factors affecting the spread of public opinion, the control effect is obvious.
Freeform gradient index progressive addition lens raytrace performance evaluation
Authors: Kochan Nicholas S. , Schmidt Greg R. , Moore Duncan T.
Published: October 2021

Raytrace evaluation capable of evaluating progressive addition lens (PAL) designs with freeform surface and gradient index (GRIN) contributions is presented. The method is validated on an analytically generated PAL start design and on optimized surface designs. Surface raytrace evaluations are compared with the surface-geometric evaluation commonly presented for freeform surface PAL designs. The evaluation is also tested on analytically generated freeform GRIN PAL designs with spherical and plano surfaces. The raytrace method agrees with the analytic performance and surface-geometric performance near the center of the lens and deviates at the edge of the lens, due to ray obliquity with the surfaces and aggregate contributions of surfaces and/or GRIN. These deviations are expected, as the raytrace model accounts for more physical contributions to optical performance, including pupil diameter and eye position. This raytrace method enables the evaluation of lens performance contributions other than from polished surfaces on homogeneous materials, enabling further exploration of GRIN in PAL designs.
Time-resolved imaging of CaF2 poly-crystal response following 355  nm nanosecond laser irradiation
Authors: Meng Jiuling , Jiang Yong , Qiu Rong , Lü Tao
Published: October 2021

The evolution of 355 nm nanosecond laser-induced damage to

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poly-crystals is investigated by using the time-resolved pump-probe shadowgraph technique. The damage morphologies of the front surface, rear surface, and interior of the

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crystal are imaged by optical microscopy. When the rear surface is focused by one laser pulse throughout the front surface, three shock waves (SWs) and one SW are observed in the air beside the front and rear surfaces, respectively. When the laser energies are 40 mJ and 60 mJ, at delay time of 1000 ns the radii of SW fronts beside the front surface are 2569.8 µm and 2831.7 µm, while those beside the rear surface are 1012.9 µm and 1078.1 µm, respectively. The filamentary channels inside the

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crystal are established before the end of a laser pulse at energies of 25, 40, or 60 mJ. The average propagation velocities of SWs along the filamentary channel are approximately 8.2 µm/ns. The maximum diameters of channels can reach approximately 53 µm and 128 µm for 25 mJ energy and 40 mJ energy, respectively. The experimental results help to explore the mechanism of laser-induced

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poly-crystal damage in nanosecond regime.
High energy (>40 nJ), sub-100 fs, 950 nm laser for two-photon microscopy
Authors: Dai Ruihong , Zhang Nan , Meng Yafei , Zhou Zhenqiao , Wang Fengqiu
Published: October 2021

Compact and high-energy femtosecond fiber lasers operating around 900-950 nm are desirable for multiphoton microscopy. Here, we demonstrate a >40 nJ, sub-100 fs, wavelength-tunable ultrafast laser system based on chirped pulse amplification (CPA) in thulium-doped fiber and second-harmonic generation (SHG) technology. Through effective control of the nonlinear effect in the CPA process, we have obtained 92-fs pulses at 1903 nm with an average power of 0.89 W and a pulse energy of 81 nJ. By frequency doubling, 95-fs pulses at 954 nm with an average power of 0.46 W and a pulse energy of 42 nJ have been generated. In addition, our system can also achieve tunable wavelength from 932 nm to 962 nm (frequency doubled from 1863 nm to 1919 nm). A pulse width of ∼100 fs and sufficient pulse energy are ensured over the entire tuning range. Finally, we applied the laser in a two-photon microscope and obtained superior imaging results. Due to a relatively low repetition rate (∼ 10 MHz), similar imaging quality can be achieved at significantly reduced average power compared with a commercial 80 MHz laser system. At the same time, the lower average power is helpful in limiting the thermal load to the samples. It is believed that such a setup, with its well-balanced optical characteristics and compact footprint, provides an ideal source for two-photon microscopy.
Deep-learning-based adaptive camera calibration for various defocusing degrees
Authors: Zhang Jing , Luo Bin , Xiang Zhuolong , Zhang Qican , Wang Yajun , Su Xin , Liu Jun , Li Lu , Wang Wei
Published: October 2021

Camera calibration tends to suffer from the low-quality target image acquisition, which would yield inaccurate or inadequate extracted features, resulting in imprecise or even failed parameter estimation. To address this problem, this Letter proposes a novel deep-learning-based adaptive calibration method robust to defocus and noise, which could significantly enhance the image quality and effectively improve the calibration result. Our work provides a convenient multi-quality target dataset generation strategy and introduces a multi-scale deep learning framework that successfully recovers a sharp target image from a deteriorated one. Free from capturing additional patterns or using special calibration targets, the proposed method allows for a more reliable calibration based on the poor-quality acquired images. In this study, an initial training dataset can be easily established containing only 68 images captured by a smartphone. Based on the augmented dataset, the superior performance and flexible transferable ability of the proposed method are validated on another camera in the calibration experiments.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor in Nodding syndrome
Authors: Benedek Gil , Abed El Latif Mahmoud , Miller Keren , Rivkin Mila , Ahmed Ramadhan Lasu Ally , P. Riek Lul , Lako Richard , Edvardson Shimon , Arbel-Alon Sagit , Galun Eithan , Levite Mia
Published: October 2021

Nodding syndrome (NS) is a catastrophic and enigmatic childhood epilepsy, accompanied by multiple neurological impairments and neuroinflammation. Of all the infectious, environmental and psychological factors associated with NS, the major culprit is Onchocerca Volvulus (Ov)–a parasitic worm transmitted to human by blackflies. NS seems to be an ’Autoimmune Epilepsy’ in light of the recent findings of deleterious autoimmune antibodies to Glutamate receptors and to Leiomodin-I in NS patients. Moreover, we recently found immunogenetic fingerprints in HLA peptide-binding grooves associate with protection or susceptibility to NS. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an immune-regulatory cytokine playing a central role in modulating innate and adaptive immunity. MIF is also involved in various pathologies: infectious, autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy and others. Herein, two functional polymorphisms in the MIF gene, a −794 CATT5–8 microsatellite repeat and a −173 G/C single-nucleotide polymorphism, were assessed in 49 NS patients and 51 healthy controls from South Sudan. We also measured MIF plasma levels in established NS patients and healthy controls. We discovered that the frequency of the high-expression MIF -173C containing genotype was significantly lower in NS patients compared to healthy controls. Interestingly however, MIF plasma levels were significantly elevated in NS patients than in healthy controls. We further demonstrated that the HLA protective and susceptibility associations are dominant over the MIF association with NS. Our findings suggest that MIF might have a dual role in NS. Genetically controlled high-expression MIF genotype is associated with disease protection. However, elevated MIF in the plasma may contribute to the detrimental autoimmunity, neuroinflammation and epilepsy.
Improvement of 2-phenylethanol production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by evolutionary and rational metabolic engineering
Authors: Zhu Linghuan , Xu Sha , Li Youran , Shi Guiyang
Published: October 2021

2-Phenylethanol (2-PE) is a valuable aromatic compound with favorable flavors and good properties, resulting in its widespread application in the cosmetic, food and medical industries. In this study, a mutant strain, AD032, was first obtained by adaptive evolution under 2-PE stress. Then, a fusion protein from the Ehrlich pathway, composed of tyrB from Escherichia coli, kdcA from Lactococcus lactis and ADH2 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was constructed and expressed. As a result, 3.14 g/L 2-PE was achieved using L-phenylalanine as a precursor. To further increase 2-PE production, L-glutamate oxidase from Streptomyces overexpression was applied for the first time in our research to improve the supply of α-ketoglutarate in the transamination of 2-PE synthesis. Furthermore, we found that the disruption of the pyruvate decarboxylase encoding gene PDC5 caused an increase in 2-PE production, which has not yet been reported. Finally, assembly of the efficient metabolic modules and process optimization resulted in the strain RM27, which reached 4.02 g/L 2-PE production from 6.7 g/L L-phenylalanine without in situ product recovery. The strain RM27 produced 2-PE (0.8 mol/mol) with L-phenylalanine as a precursor, which was considerably high, and displayed manufacturing potential regarding food safety and process simplification aspects. This study suggests that innovative strategies regarding metabolic modularization provide improved prospects for 2-PE production in food exploitation.
Fat Activism: A Radical Social Movement
Authors: Cooper Charlotte
Published: October 2021

What is fat activism and why is it important? To answer this question, Charlotte Cooper presents an expansive grassroots study that traces the forty-year history of international fat activism and grounds its actions in their proper historical and geographical contexts. She details fat activist methods, analyses existing literature in the field, challenges long-held assumptions that uphold systemic fatphobia, and makes clear how crucial feminism, queer theory and anti-racism are to the lifeblood of the movement. She also considers fat activism’s proxy concerns, including body image, body positivity, the obesity epidemic and fat stigma.
USE OF ULTRASOUND FOR EXTRACTION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES FROM TAMARIX HISPI-DA WILLD.
Authors: Zhumagaliyeva Shynar Nurlanovna , Amanzholkyzy Arailym , Sultanova Nurgul Adaybaevna , Abilov Zharylkasyn Abduakhitovich
Published: October 2021

The extractions of biologically active substances from aerial part of Tamarix hispida Willd. over ultrasound have been studied. The results showed that the output of extractive substances using ultrasound was increased to 37.34% under the following conditions: 10% ethyl alcohol in a raw-extractant ratio (1 : 6) for 25 minutes at a 20–25 °С temperature and an ultrasound frequency of 35 kHz. The extraction was compared with maceration by yield and chemical composition. As a result of optimization, the output of components from the raw material is increased by 3–4 times at ultrasound frequency from 20 to 35 kHz and extraction time is significantly reduced from 48 hours to 30 minutes. It was found that the major substances were hydrolyzable tannins, the content of which are 10% (ultrasonic extraction) and 8% (maceration), respectively. Using UV-spectrometry, it was confirmed that the appearance of a characteristic maximum in the spectrum of the substance to be analyzed corresponds to the area of absorption of gallic acid and its derivatives, which indicates the content of these in the structure of hydrolyzable tannins. The substance shown significant antidiabetic activity (in vitro) at IC 50 = 3.94±0.14 μg/ml.
PECULIARITIES OF SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF GUANIDINE-CONTAINING CAR-BOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE DERIVATIVES
Authors: Akhmedov Oliy Ravshanovich , Shomurotov Shavkat Abduganievich , Turaev Abbaskhan Sabirkhanovich
Published: October 2021

The article presents data on the synthesis and antimicrobial properties of guanidine-containing carboxymethylcellulose derivatives with different physical and chemical characteristics. The regularities of the reaction of nucleophilic substitution of aldehyde groups of modified Na-carboxymethylcellulose (Na-CMC) by guanidine under different conditions are studied. Based on the results obtained, it was found that the limit replacement of reactive electrophilic groups with nucleophilic reagent depends on the pH value of the medium, molar ratio of guanidine and the degree of oxidation of cellulose ester. By varying the reaction conditions and the number of aldehyde groups in the oxidized Na-CMC composition, the azometin derivatives differing in the content of nitrogen-containing fragments in the polymer chain were obtained. Chemical restoration of labile azomethine bonds was performed and water-soluble derivatives containing strong amino-bound guanidine groups were synthesized. The study shows and substantiates the influence of structural indices (degree of substitution, quantitative guanidine content, pKα values and nature of counterion) of macromolecular systems on antibacterial and antifungal properties. The developed approach of synthesis opens prospects for creation of antimicrobial derivatives with regulated physical and chemical characteristics and set biologically active properties.
STUDY OF THE ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF WATER EXTRACTS SIBERIAN CONIFERS
Authors: Ivanova Ol'ga Valer'yevna , Lyubimova Yuliya Germanovna , Tereshchenko Vera Aleksandrovna , Ivanov Evgeniy Anatol'yevich
Published: October 2021

In Siberia, when harvesting commercial coniferous wood and pine nuts, a large amount of waste remains in the form of needles and shells. These organic residues that require recycling may be of interest as raw materials for the production of feed additives in animal husbandry, so it is important to study their chemical composition. The study of the elemental composition of water extracts of pine nut shells and pine needles prepared under different conditions: whole and crushed shells – at an extraction temperature of 25 and 100 °С and duration of infusion 5 and 24 hours; pine needles – at an extraction temperature of 100 °С and duration of infusion 5 and 24 hours. The elemental composition was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. As a result of research, it was found that the most effective extraction of elements in the infusions of the studied raw materials was observed at a water temperature of 100 °С and duration of infusion 24 hours. At the same time, crushing the pine nut shell allowed to increase the degree of extraction of elements. It was found that extracts of pine nut shell from macronutrients contained the most K, Cl, Mg, P, from microelements – Zn, Mn and Fe; extracts of pine needles from macronutrients contained more K, Mg, Cl, from microelements – Mn, Zn and Fe. The highest absorption capacity was found in samples of crushed pine nut shells.
STUDY OF CARBOHYDRATE COMPOSITION OF BLUE BLUE (POLEMONIUM CAERULEUM L.)
Authors: Gudkova Alevtina Alekseyevna , Shestakova Galina Yur'yevna , Slivkin Aleksey Ivanovich , Chistyakova Anna Sergeyevna , Agafonov Vladimir Aleksandrovich , Chavro Polina Vital'yevna
Published: October 2021

Polemonium coeruleum (Greek valerian) is a very promising plant for study. Despite the data available in the literature concerning the analysis of the main group of compounds of Greek valerian (triterpene saponins), the remaining groups of the metabolome were practically not affected for study. The aim of the study was to study the carbohydrates of grass and rhizomes with Greek valerians roots. The objects of the study were a sample of grass and rhizomes with Greek valerian roots. The content of the sum of polysaccharides and free sugars in terms of glucose was determined in accordance with the corresponding pharmacopoeial articles of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation XIV ed.

The profile and quantitative content of simple reducing sugars was studied by capillary electrophoresis. This work was the first to study the sum of free polysaccharides and simple sugars in grass and rhizomes with Greek valerian roots in comparison with the use of modern physicochemical methods. It was revealed that the content of the sum of free polysaccharides and the sum of simple sugars in terms of glucose in the aboveground part of Greek valerian is higher than in the underground one. It was shown that the composition of free simple sugars between plant organs is different and is represented by fructose and sucrose.
ISOLATION, PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYSACCHARIDE ISOLATED FROM THE FRUIT BODY OF INONOTUS HISPIDUS
Authors: Khalilova Gulnoza Abduvahobovna , Turaev Abbaskhan Sabirkhanovich , Muhitdinov Bakhtiyor Ikromovich , Filatova Al'bina Vasil'yevna , Haytmetova Saida Bokizhonovna , Normakhamatov Nodirali Sokhobatalievich
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the study of polysaccharides isolated from the basidiomycete raw material I. hispidus and studying their physical and chemical properties. Water-soluble polysaccharides were isolated from mushroom raw materials by the method of sequential water extraction and the yield was 9.44%. Polysaccharides were separated into neutral fractions by ion exchange chromatography and purified from proteins and peptides. During the separation process, it was determined that the polysaccharide sample consisted of homogeneous polysaccharides, while the carbohydrate content of the purified polysaccharide sample was 99.4%. The carbohydrate composition of polysaccharides was determined, it was found that the polysaccharide consists mainly of glucose residues and contains minor amounts of fructose and rhamnose residues. Molecular weight and molecular weight distribution were determined by size exclusion chromatography. The Mw of the polysaccharide sample obtained was 18.7 kDa, the polydispersity index was 1.3. The results of IR-, 1H- and 13C NMR spectroscopic studies have shown that the polysaccharide, according to its structural characteristics, belongs to the β-glucan type polysaccharide having β-(1,3) and β-(1,6)-glycosidic bounds.