bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The "artistic biography" with displaced youth in camps in Iraq: Presence as an indicator of entry into resilience
Authors: Buriel Albane , Loquet Monique , Morais Sylvie
Published: October 2020

The current armed conflicts in the world, and in particular those linked to the Islamic State System (ISIS) in Iraq, constitute a major obstacle to stable benchmarks, to a collective reading of a common culture, and to a society free from the symptoms of war. Inclusive artistic interventions are often deployed with children affected by conflict as a source of resilience and empowerment. The objective of this article is to propose entry into resilience identified during the implementation of a device of an "artistic biography" activities with coaches of an NGO and young people in a camp in Iraq. The device built was a project to "paint our caravans" as a first project with the young people in a camp. Through our experience as an artist, trainer and researcher, we observe the indicators of entry into "presence" during the artistic activities. Involvement in a collective work, self-recognition by the coaches and self-recognition in the final artistic work are the three indicators of presence that we note. Individual and collective resilience processes are complex and long and subject to many obstacles. Our article invites further investigation to build evidence to develop artistic response in humanitarian emergencies.
Pequenos deslocamentos: corpo, arte, saúde e educação
Authors: Liberman Flavia , Guzzo Marina Souza Lobo , Lima Elizabeth Maria Freire de Araújo
Published: October 2020

Este artigo pretende problematizar a ideia de pequenos deslocamentos que são experimentados no contexto de práticas de formação que buscam compor outros modos de pensar e atuar em saúde, como possibilidade de promover acesso à experiência estética e à vida em sua potência expressiva e de criação. Para tanto apresentaremos alguns aspectos de um projeto de criação e educação que envolve mulheres de uma região vulnerável de Santos, que apresentam diferentes desafios de ordem física, emocional e social, e os estudantes de uma universidade pública. Neste projeto, foram realizadas diferentes propostas mobilizadas pelas artes em suas múltiplas linguagens, com o intuito de promover experiências sensíveis e lúdicas que possam produzir pequenos deslocamentos, vivificar os corpos, ativar memórias, imaginações, reconhecer e despertar desejos, afetar e ser afetado pelo encontro entre corpos. Consideramos os pequenos deslocamentos como movimentos menores dentro das experiências, que tem a potência de ativar e incidir em processos de subjetivação e produção de outras sensibilidades. Experimentamos o dançar, o cantar, jogar, dramatizar, mover e pausar, conversar e silenciar entre outras proposições atentos aquilo que é pequeno, as marcas microscópicas, aos detalhes dos acontecimentos. Ancoradas em uma perspectiva micropolítica, apostamos nas pequenas interferências como modo de produzir uma formação inventiva para os alunos e o aumento de potência individual e coletiva com todos e todas as participantes, deste projeto colaborativo que se efetua na interface corpo, arte, saúde e educação.
Acessibilidade arquitetônica em vias públicas de uma cidade turística
Authors: Borges Rosângela Lopes , Eccheli Adolfo Mejia
Published: October 2020

Neste artigo abordou-se sobre acessibilidade e os problemas enfrentados pelos cadeirantes em um centro turístico. O objetivo foi o de investigar a acessibilidade arquitetônica para os cadeirantes nas vias públicas e calçadas, no centro de Caldas Novas, Goiás, Brasil. Para tal, utilizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva, com enfoque qualitativo, dividida em duas fases: a pesquisa bibliográfica e a pesquisa de campo. Essa última se deu junto a um grupo de jogadores de basquetebol sobre rodas que circulam pela cidade diariamente utilizando suas cadeiras de rodas. Utilizou-se como recurso para coleta de dados uma entrevista semipadronizada, com 10 questões abertas, aplicada a três desses cadeirantes desportistas. Concluímos que o município, mesmo sendo um centro turístico, oferece muitos obstáculos à população que depende de cadeira de rodas para se locomover e, consequentemente, aos turistas sob mesma circunstância. Dentre eles citam-se o acesso livre às praças de alimentação, banheiros, agências bancárias, shows e eventos públicos. Além disso, a falta de união das pessoas com deficiência dificulta a conquista de novos direitos diante da sociedade.
Figuras emergentes entre as artes e a clínica – exercícios iniciais para pensar performances do vivo com a Cia Teatral Ueinzz
Authors: Inforsato Erika Alvarez
Published: October 2020

As figuras emergentes aqui apresentadas - marcadas pela loucura, pela deficiência, e outras linhas de risco e desertificação - vêm sendo desenhadas desde a pesquisa de doutorado “Desobramento – constelações clínicas e políticas do comum”, e seguem proliferando-se em número e em potência de diferenciação, no contágio com alguma arte, presente em tentativas da Cia. Teatral Ueinzz. O que se explicita nesses desenhos são existências que performam sua própria vida, atravessadas pelo teatro que esse coletivo propõe produzir, há 22 anos, na cidade de São Paulo. A zona fronteiriça entre as artes e a clínica, presente nessa experiência, faz oscilar ênfases de modo não evidente. Ao afirmar maior visibilidade a tudo o que a inscreve no campo artístico-cultural, e operar com a clínica em dimensões as mais sutis e invisíveis, esse coletivo sustenta uma ética de deslocamentos e embaralhamentos dos códigos hegemônicos que fixam modos de existir, num funcionamento excludente. A exigência de uma clínica que impeça a vigência absoluta da própria clínica na vida dessas figuras é o paradoxo que esse escrito deve problematizar, a partir de imersões no fazer artístico dos viventes desse coletivo.
Desconstrução da bipedia compulsória na Dança
Authors: Do Carmo Carlos Eduardo Oliveira , De Castro Fatima Campos Daltro
Published: October 2020

Uma simples presença, seja de que ordem for, pode desencadear uma série de acontecimentos ao corpo. E, se todo corpo é corpomídia, isto é, mídia de cada momento do seu estado, os discursos poéticos que daí emergem são entendidos como historicamente produzidos e correspondentes às experiências que constituem o corpo. Quando trazemos tais pensamentos para com eles investigar a construção da dança em múltiplos corpos fica evidente a propriedade do corpo como um processo vivo, cognitivo e auto-organizador. No entanto, quando se trata do corpo com deficiência que dança, o retrocesso se impõe e a soberania do pensamento bípede que exclui essas pessoas entendendo-os como incapazes e não produtivos, independente de todo avanço no campo da dança, é evidente. A dança nesse texto é como um recorte (microespaço) que revela, em si, todo comportamento social (macroespaço). Entendemos que este campo de construção do conhecimento que é a Dança colaborará na interseccionalidade com outras áreas, a partir de como estabelece e compreende as relações de corpo. Dança e corpo que dança como um recorte de nossa estrutura social, onde é possível perceber discursos do pensamento hegemônico que mantém padrões funcionais e corporais excludentes em relação às pessoas com deficiência.
Evaluating the Effect of Novel Ways of Teaching Symptoms and Treatment of Acute Stroke on Thrombolytic Therapy
Authors: Rafie Shahram , Kashipazha Davood , Sabahi Navid
Published: October 2020

Background and Objective: Given that a small percentage of people with ischemic stroke are treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) in Iran, it is necessary to use appropriate educational methods that, in addition to raising the awareness of patients about stroke, lead them to refer health centres early. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of new methods of training warning signs of acute stroke on thrombolytic therapy.
Method: This was a community-based empirical intervention study in Ahvaz, Iran, in 2018. Initially, educational content was provided, including warning signs of a stroke, its risk factors, and the need for prompt referral to a well-equipped treatment centre for thrombolytic therapy. This content was used to prepare brochures, pamphlets, posters, and training sessions for health care personnel. Before starting, immediately, and three months after the training course, a questionnaire was used to assess staff knowledge of stroke symptoms and the need for rapid patient referral for FAST-based thrombolytic therapy. Also, the timely referral of patients with suspected stroke to hospital, as well as their thrombolytic therapy during the six months after the intervention and the similar six months in the previous year were compared.
Results: The level of knowledge was significantly increased at the end of training (P<0.0001). Although this average was reduced three months after completion of training, the difference was not significant (P = 0.42). Based on the results, the number of stroke patients referred to hospital in golden time (less than 4.5 hours) from the beginning of training to 6 months after the end of the course (n = 54) was increased compared to the same period last year (n=38). The number of thrombolytic patients from the beginning of the training course to 6 months after the course (n=38) increased compared to the same period of the previous year (n=21).
Conclusion: Based on the results, the implementation of educational programs was reported to be effective in raising public awareness of stroke symptoms and the need for prompt hospital referral for appropriate and timely treatment.
Formation of Readiness of Future Teachers of the Republic of Kazakhstan for Implementation of Education in the Inclusive Environment
Authors: Nurmaganbetova Raugash K. , Kaldybayeva Aychurek T. , Sartbekova Nurjan K. , Umirbekova Ayzat K. , Akhmetshin Elvir M.
Published: October 2020

Objective: The study aims to explore the readiness of future teachers for the implementation of education in the inclusive environment.
Background: Inclusive education, which is intensively included in the practice of the modern school, raises many complex issues and new challenges. The teachers need specialised training in the field of correctional pedagogy to provide professional assistance and training for children with the oppositional defiant disorder.
Method: The main method of research in the article is the study of literature on the research problem and a questionnaire survey method which was participated by 247 teachers of comprehensive schools of Karaganda Region.
Results: During the analysis of the results of the survey, it was noted that many teachers were not ready for full and optimal communication with children with disabilities in development. The authors identified the conditions for the formation of professional and personal readiness of the teacher to work with children with disabilities.
Conclusion: The transition to inclusive education requires the participation of all specialists of the education system and the availability of fundamental theoretical developments. The main problems of teachers who will have to work in the environment of inclusion are related to their theoretical training and practical skills of teaching this contingent of children.
Impact of Skeletal Malocclusion on Quality of Life
Authors: Masjedi Mashallah Khaneh , Araban Marzieh , Neysi Mokhtar Abidi
Published: October 2020

Introduction: nowadays, one of the remarkable issues in dentistry is jaw growth pattern and tooth and mouth conditions (oral conditions) on patients’ quality of life and daily activities. This study was done to evaluate skeletal malocclusion effect on the quality of life and oral health in Ahvaz.
Methods: 80 people with skeletal malocclusion and 80 people with normal skeletal occlusion (control) participated in this cross-sectional study. Data collection tools included: demographic and oral health impact questionnaires.
Results: there is not any significant difference between average quality of life of people with Cl III and Cl II skeletal (p=0.761), but there is a meaningful relation between Cl II skeletal and normal skeletal groups and also between Cl III skeletal and normal skeletal groups (p<0.001).
Conclusion: according to social and moral issues importance in raising the quality of life score and because study results showed that these patients are not in good condition of that, considering different moral and social aspects of oral condition in presenting dentistry services are suggested to develop general quality of life
Autonomic Dysfunction in Preschool Children with Neurotic Disorders
Authors: Olexyuk Zaryana , Konkabayeva Aiman , Alshynbekova Gulnaziya , Tykezhanova Gulmira , Nugumanova Sholpan , Mukasheva Manara
Published: October 2020

In the last decades of the 21st century, the problem of a significant increase in the number of children with disorders in mental and somatic development has become particularly acute. Often there are neurotic conditions caused by the influence of various psycho-traumatic factors: the growth of scientific and technological progress and related changes in all areas of human life activity. In this regard, shifts occurred in the structure of the incidence among the population towards an increase in the proportion of diseases associated with nervous and psychic overstrain. One of the most vulnerable age groups is children of preschool and primary school age. Untimely diagnosed neurotic disorders in children, as a rule, turn into protracted forms of neurotic conditions and subsequently become chronic. This, of course, affects the adaptation of the individual in society and the further quality of life.
This study, aimed at assessing autonomic regulation in preschool children with different psychological status, allowed to reveal the activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic link of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) by the method of cardiointervalography according to R.M. Baevskii. We examined 127 children aged 4-5.5 years old. The average statistical indicators characterizing the regulation of heart rate (HR, HF, LF, VLF, LF/HF, TP, SI) in preschool children in various groups (neurosis, pre-neurosis, anxiety, and normal) were determined. The study revealed changes in the regulation of heart rhythm in children with neurotic disorders, which indicates an increase in the influence of the sympathetic circuit of autonomic regulation and a decrease in parasympathetic influences. Overstrain of vegetative centres in children with neurosis and pre-neurotic conditions is determined by high psychoemotional stresses.
THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT TORQUE SETTINGS ON THE AMOUNT OF APICALLY EXTRUDED DEBRIS DURING ROTARY INSTRUMENTATION
Authors: ALTUNBAŞ Demet , TOYOĞLU Mustafa
Published: October 2020

Objectives: This in vitro study was designed to evaluate the effect of low- and high-torque settings on the amount of apically extruded debris during canal preparation with the ProTaper Universal (PTU) system.

Materials and Methods: Forty extracted mandibular premolars were selected and randomly divided into two groups (n = 20). Each root canal was prepared according to the manufacturer’s instructions, using SX, S1, S2, F1, F2, and F3 at low-torque settings and high-torque settings. The apically extruded debris was collected into preweighed Eppendorf tubes. The weight of extruded debris was determined, and data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test at a significance level of p0.05). The PTU system produced the higher mean extrusion value at high-torque settings.

Conclusions: Under the conditions of this study, as no difference among the different torque settings in terms of the amount of extruded debris were noted, it is possible to suggest that clinicians should choose the most appropriate settings for each case in clinical practice.
Hollowing out and revitalising a post-socialist city centre: Vacant commercial premises in Zagreb
Authors: Kaufmann Petra Radeljak , Kliček Slaven , Bišćević Filip , Dokupil Dino , Jašinski Davorin , Begonja Marijan , Doroteja Harjač , Bosanac Tamara , Komes Silvija , Borčić Lana Slavuj
Published: October 2020

The problem of vacant commercial premises has been present in some central areas of transitional cities of Central and Eastern Europe, which have decayed in parallel to spatially uneven urban development processes and/or suburban expansion. This research aims to contribute to systematic analysis of the reasons for abandonment of commercial premises in the centre of Zagreb and exploration of revitalisation strategies, with an emphasis on the significance of citizen participation for successful planning and management of the city. The research was undertaken in two phases in May, 2016. The first included mapping of vacant commercial premises on selected streets in Zagreb’s centre. Next, using a non-probabilistic sample, a questionnaire survey was carried out face-to-face and online (N = 200). The results of the questionnaire survey showed the respondents’ awareness of the complex set of reasons underlying the occurrence and expansion of this phenomenon in the city centre and the need for urban regeneration, including a stronger regulatory framework at the city level.
Narraciones femeninas de afectos y abusos en la era de la precariedad
Authors: Pujol Cristina
Published: October 2020

En el contexto del #MeToo y del #BlackLivesMatter, las comedias dramáticas televisivas permiten representar y articular las contradicciones, complejidades y experiencias de las mujeres jóvenes en una crisis económica global. A base de ironía, el caso de I May Destroy You lleva a analizar el modo en que se construye un relato resistente a las etiquetas y a las interpretaciones fáciles de las jerarquías de poder en las relaciones personales.
Una nueva edición del congreso IDP en formato virtual dedicada al cibercrimen
Authors: Balcells Magrans Marc
Published: October 2020

Durante los días uno y dos de julio se ha celebrado la decimoquinta edición del congreso internacional Internet, Derecho y Política (IDP), organizado por los Estudios de Derecho y Ciencia Política de la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya. El Congreso, titulado Cybercrime: new threats, new responses, se ha dedicado a analizar los nuevos retos que presenta la ciberdelincuencia, celebrando a su vez la primera edición del máster universitario en esta materia impartido en nuestros estudios.
nNOS-expressing interneurons control basal and behaviorally evoked arterial dilation in somatosensory cortex of mice
Authors: Echagarruga Christina T , Gheres Kyle W , Norwood Jordan N , Drew Patrick J
Published: October 2020

Cortical neural activity is coupled to local arterial diameter and blood flow. However, which neurons control the dynamics of cerebral arteries is not well understood. We dissected the cellular mechanisms controlling the basal diameter and evoked dilation in cortical arteries in awake, head-fixed mice. Locomotion drove robust arterial dilation, increases in gamma band power in the local field potential (LFP), and increases calcium signals in pyramidal and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-expressing neurons. Chemogenetic or pharmocological modulation of overall neural activity up or down caused corresponding increases or decreases in basal arterial diameter. Modulation of pyramidal neuron activity alone had little effect on basal or evoked arterial dilation, despite pronounced changes in the LFP. Modulation of the activity of nNOS-expressing neurons drove changes in the basal and evoked arterial diameter without corresponding changes in population neural activity.
Mobitz Type II Atrioventricular Heart Block After Candlenut Ingestion
Authors: Koons Andrew L. , Laubach Lexis T. , Katz Kenneth D. , Beauchamp Gillian A.
Published: October 2020

The candlenut is a highly accessible seed marketed as a natural weight-loss supplement. However, there is little known about the exact mechanism of action for weight loss nor for the many adverse symptoms it causes, such as nausea, vomiting, fatigue, cardiac dysrhythmias, and even death. In this case report, the authors present a 44-year-old woman who developed a second-degree, Mobitz type II atrioventricular block after consumption of a candlenut supplement. She presented to the emergency department with syncope and her cardiac rhythm indicated a second-degree heart block soon after ingesting candlenuts recommended by her treating physician. Interestingly, a detectable digoxin concentration obtained on hospital day 2 was measured but of unclear significance given no obvious exposure to a cardioactive glycoside. The patient's rhythm normalized on hospital day 2 and she was discharged uneventfully.
The Open Access Mystery
Authors: Sundsbø Katrine
Published: October 2020

In this exciting Open Access themed mystery you’ll join a conference as one of eight characters who may or may not know each other from previous events and/or collaborations. During the conference disaster will strike, and it’s up to you to figure out who’s behind what turns out to be a global lockdown of all research. Will it be the Professor who relies on the h-index? The early career researcher with imposter syndrome? The problem solver who works in publishing? Or perhaps it’s the paranoid researcher who thinks you’ve stolen her ideas? Pay attention, not all is as it seems…

Sign up is required for this activity! You’ll be assigned a character before joining the session and you will receive some background information about your character at this point. Dressing up as your interpretation of the character is highly encouraged.
A new funding model for open-access monographs
Authors: Eve Martin , Pinter Frances
Published: October 2020

We outline the work of a university press, with assistance from the COPIM Project (Community-led Open Publication Infrastructures for Monographs), in building an innovative revenue model to fund open access monographs at a traditional publisher. Building on library journal subscription models (eg: OLH) and on Knowledge Unlatched's approach to monograph funding, we present a sustainable OA publishing model that gives members exclusive access to a backlist, with the revenue then used to make the frontlist openly accessible. The model can be emulated by other scholarly presses who wish to take advantage of the opportunities that open access publishing affords.

Supporting information:

Led by Dr Frances Pinter (Publishing Advisor, & founder of Knowledge Unlatched) and Professor Martin Paul Eve (OLH, Birkbeck & COPIM) the case study explores an innovative revenue model that will transition new titles at a well-known publisher to a viable open-access model. COPIM is an international partnership of researchers, universities, librarians, publishers and infrastructure providers working on bringing about a new OA publishing ecosystem. Their remit is to build a revenue infrastructure, and examine production workflows and metadata, experimental publishing and archiving. The project is working with colleagues across the sector to document existing and potential ways of funding open-access monographs and is consulting with academics, publishers, libraries, funders, and policy makers.

The publisher case study aims to initiate and document a ‘working model’ as the next step in creating a practical toolkit and roadmap for other publishers.
Cetaceans along the southeastern Brazilian coast: occurrence, distribution and niche inference at local scale
Authors: Figueiredo Giovanna Corrêa e , do Amaral Karina Bohrer , Santos Marcos César de Oliveira
Published: October 2020

It is deemed important to understand cetacean occurrence and distribution to comprehend their ecological roles. The geographical occurrence of species’ niche can be used to better describe their potential distribution. The niche can be defined using environmental variables. Those variables are considered static and not affected by biological activities. The present study goal was to assess the occurrence and distribution of cetaceans along the southeastern Brazilian coast, as well as to define the fundamental and realized niche of each species and to investigate niche overlap at local scale. The environmental requirements for each species were also investigated throughout statistical tests. Sighting data were obtained through oceanographic surveys conducted between 2012 and 2015. The environmental variables available on MARSPEC and the software NicheA were used for the ecological niche modeling. A total of twelve cetacean species were identified and the potential distribution areas of the six commonest ones were defined. Even though the species presented different environmental preferences, most of them had partial overlap among niches and potential distribution areas. The environmental heterogeneity of the study area might support the co-occurrence of different species with different environmental requirements.
Fish predation hinders the success of coral restoration efforts using fragmented massive corals
Authors: Koval Gammon , Rivas Nicolas , D’Alessandro Martine , Hesley Dalton , Santos Rolando , Lirman Diego
Published: October 2020

As coral reefs continue to decline globally, coral restoration practitioners have explored various approaches to return coral cover and diversity to decimated reefs. While branching coral species have long been the focus of restoration efforts, the recent development of the microfragmentation coral propagation technique has made it possible to incorporate massive coral species into restoration efforts. Microfragmentation (i.e., the process of cutting large donor colonies into small fragments that grow fast) has yielded promising early results. Still, best practices for outplanting fragmented corals of massive morphologies are continuing to be developed and modified to maximize survivorship. Here, we compared outplant success among four species of massive corals (Orbicella faveolata, Montastraea cavernosa, Pseudodiploria clivosa, and P. strigosa) in Southeast Florida, US. Within the first week following coral deployment, predation impacts by fish on the small (<5 cm2) outplanted colonies resulted in both the complete removal of colonies and significant tissue damage, as evidenced by bite marks. In our study, 8–27% of fragments from four species were removed by fish within one week, with removal rates slowing down over time. Of the corals that remained after one week, over 9% showed signs of fish predation. Our findings showed that predation by corallivorous fish taxa like butterflyfishes (Chaetodontidae), parrotfishes (Scaridae), and damselfishes (Pomacentridae) is a major threat to coral outplants, and that susceptibility varied significantly among coral species and outplanting method. Moreover, we identify factors that reduce predation impacts such as: (1) using cement instead of glue to attach corals, (2) elevating fragments off the substrate, and (3) limiting the amount of skeleton exposed at the time of outplanting. These strategies are essential to maximizing the efficiency of outplanting techniques and enhancing the impact of reef restoration.
CONTROLE CULTURAL E QUÍMICO DE Conyza spp. NO CONSÓRCIO DE MILHO COM Urochloa ruziziensis
Authors: Gheno Eliezer Antonio , Da Silva Gustavo Delabio , Mendes Rafael Romero , Rios Fabiano Aparecido , Padovese Lucas Matheus , Matte Willian Daróz , De Oliveira Júnior Rubem Silvério
Published: October 2020

As integrações de métodos de controle, visando o manejo de buva (Conyza spp.) passaram a ser práticas fundamentais nos sistemas integrados de produção, tais como milho (Zea mays) em consórcio com capim-ruziziensis (Urochloa ruziziensis). Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a eficácia da cobertura do capim-ruziziensis sobre a supressão da buva e avaliar opções de controle químico de buva em capim-ruziziensis. O primeiro experimento foi realizado após a colheita de milho consorciado com capim-ruziziensis, realizando avaliações da infestação de buva e sua correlação com a massa seca do capim. O segundo experimento consistiu na aplicação em mistura dos seguintes tratamentos, em esquema fatorial 3 x 7: 2,4-D (1209 g ha-1 e.a.), [halauxifen-methyl + 2,4-D] (5,76 + 780 g ha-1 i.a.) e dicamba (960 g ha-1 i.a.) compondo o primeiro fator; e metsulfuron-methyl (2,4 g ha-1 i.a.), chlorimuron-ehtyl (20 g ha-1 i.a.), diclosulam (25,2 g ha-1 i.a.), saflufenacil (35 g ha-1 i.a.), bentazon (576 g ha-1 i.a.), atrazine (1000 g ha-1 i.a.) e testemunha sem aplicação de herbicidas compondo o segundo fator. O cultivo do milho safrinha consorciado com capim-ruziziensis, reduziu respectivamente, em 80, 60 e 96% a emergência, o crescimento e a massa seca das plantas de buva durante o período de entressafra. Todos os tratamentos proporcionaram controle de buva com até 8 cm, exceto 2,4-D isolado. Para plantas de 8 a 16 cm, todos os tratamentos com associação de herbicidas foram satisfatórios. Em plantas maiores que 16 cm, houve morte total das plantas com a aplicação de saflufenacil em associação com todos os herbicidas auxínicos. Os tratamentos seletivos para o capim-ruziziensis foram 2,4-D e dicamba isolados e as associações com bentazon.
Meta-Heuristic Solutions to a Student Grouping Optimization Problem faced in Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Patrick Kenekayoro , Fawei Biralatei
Published: October 2020

Combinatorial problems which have been proven to be NP-hard are faced in Higher Education Institutions and researches have extensively investigated some of the well-known combinatorial problems such as the timetabling and student project allocation problems. However, NP-hard problems faced in Higher Education Institutions are not only confined to these categories of combinatorial problems. The majority of NP-hard problems faced in institutions involve grouping students and/or resources, albeit with each problem having its own unique set of constraints. Thus, it can be argued that techniques to solve NP-hard problems in Higher Education Institutions can be transferred across the different problem categories. As no method is guaranteed tooutperform all others in all problems, it is necessary to investigate heuristic techniques for solving lesser-known problems in order to guide stakeholders or software developers to the most appropriate algorithm for each unique class of NP-hard problems faced in Higher Education Institutions. To this end, this study described an optimization problem faced in a real university that involved grouping students for the presentation of semester results. Ordering based heuristics, genetic algorithm and the ant colony optimization algorithm implemented in Python programming language were used to find feasible solutions to this problem, with the ant colony optimization algorithm performing better or equal in 75% of the test instances and the genetic algorithm producing better or equal results in 38% of the test instances.
Die Attach Process Defect Mitigation through Design Improvement on Anvil Block Tooling
Authors: Rodriguez Rennier S. , Gomez Frederick Ray I. , Bacquian Bryan Christian S.
Published: October 2020

Process improvement through modification in the design of indirect material is one potential direction to improve the productivity during assembly manufacturing. In this paper, an augmented design of anvil block is presented to reduce the crumpled strips, leadframe bending and dents, uneven bonding of die, localized insufficient epoxy, and misaligned die encountered during the conversion and setup stage. The implementation of the augmented design improves the current assembly practice through eliminating the replacement of anvil block that is the cause of misalignment on the indexer handler of the die attach machine. Through this design, the selection of appropriate vacuum hole setup can be through the sliding insert only without pulling out the anvil block from the machine.
Understanding the Electrical Behavior of Pyrolyzed Three‐Dimensional‐Printed Microdevices
Authors: Tyler Joshua B. , Smith Gabriel L. , Leff Asher C. , Wilson Peter M. , Cumings John , Lazarus Nathan
Published: October 2020

Herein the electrical and microstructural characterization of additively manufactured glassy carbon fabricated via two‐photon polymerization (2PP) is reported. Thermal decomposition at elevated temperatures volatizes much of the 2PP fabricated part, converting the crosslinked photopolymer into a carbon‐rich structure. Upon heating to continued elevated temperatures the carbon material becomes increasingly conductive. The ability to control the conductivity of the pyrolyzed material is done by varying the pyrolysis temperature, with maximum conductivity obtained of roughly 2 × 104 S m−1. Microstructural characterization with Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirms that the increase in conductivity comes from the increased sp2 bonding percentage in carbon and increased crystallinity. This knowledge allows for the manufacturing of predictable, well‐controlled glassy carbon resistors that are within 10% of theoretical values.
Strain Engineering of Metal Halide Perovskites on Coupling Anisotropic Behaviors
Authors: Jiao Yinan , Yi Shenghui , Wang Hanwen , Li Bing , Hao Weizhong , Pan Lulu , Shi Yan , Li Xiangyu , Liu Pengfei , Zhang He , Gao Cunfa , Zhao Jinjin , Lu Jian
Published: October 2020

The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of the solar cells containing metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have rapidly increased and exceeded 25% during the past decade. The photovoltaic properties of these devices are extensively investigated in terms of their microstructures, environmental characteristics, and carrier dynamics, and the MHP structural evolution under high pressure is evaluated. In addition, the energy level structure, electron/hole dynamics, and optical/electronic properties of MHPs with anisotropic crystal structures are examined. However, the correlation between the structural anisotropy and material properties of these perovskites is rarely considered in the literature studies on their high‐pressure behavior. In this progress report, the optical/electronic properties of MHPs with anisotropic structures under thermal, mechanically imposed, and in‐service strains/stresses that have been previously neglected by researchers are summarized.
Tumor Microenvironment‐Activatable Nanoenzymes for Mechanical Remodeling of Extracellular Matrix and Enhanced Tumor Chemotherapy
Authors: Zhong Yinan , Zhang Jianguang , Zhang Junmei , Hou Yong , Chen Enping , Huang Dechun , Chen Wei , Haag Rainer
Published: October 2020

Increased tissue stiffness is a hallmark of cancer and promotes tumor progression. It is hypothesized that decreased tumorous stress may aid or sensitize chemotherapies. To overcome extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffening and fulfill sensitized chemotherapy in one nanosystem, a reactive oxygen species‐activatable nanoenzyme (SP‐NE) based on a dendritic polyglycerol scaffold, integrating collagenase and paclitaxel (PTX) prodrug, is constructed. The dense and tough ECM is highly remitted by SP‐NE in the tumor microenvironment (TME) mimicking gelatin hydrogel models, which causes cell shrinkage, disorders cytoskeletal constructions, and subsequently enhances chemotherapeutic efficacy. ECM softening via SP‐NE downregulates mechanotransduction signaling pathways of integrin‐focal adhesion kinase (FAK)‐Ras homolog family member A (RhoA) implicated in cytoskeletal assembly, and integrin‐FAK‐phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase (pERK 1/2) mediating mitosis. Notably, this programmed nanosystem in human breast MCF‐7 tumor‐bearing mice models displays a significant relief of ECM stress from 4300 to 1200 Pa and results in 87.1% suppression of tumor growth at a low PTX dosage of 3 mg kg−1. The attenuated expression of the key players RhoA and pERK 1/2 involved in cellular mechano‐sensing is further verified in vivo. This study thus provides a new and potential nanoplatform to selectively decrease TME stiffness for enhanced chemotherapy.
Prebiotics‐Encapsulated Probiotic Spores Regulate Gut Microbiota and Suppress Colon Cancer
Authors: Zheng Di‐Wei , Li Run‐Qing , An Jia‐Xin , Xie Tian‐Qiu , Han Zi‐Yi , Xu Rui , Fang Yu , Zhang Xian‐Zheng
Published: October 2020

While microbial‐based therapy has been considered as an effective strategy for treating diseases such as colon cancer, its safety remains the biggest challenge. Here, probiotics and prebiotics, which possess ideal biocompatibility and are extensively used as additives in food and pharmaceutical products, are combined to construct a safe microbiota‐modulating material. Through the host–guest chemistry between commercial Clostridium butyricum and chemically modified prebiotic dextran, prebiotics‐encapsulated probiotic spores (spores‐dex) are prepared. It is found that spores‐dex can specifically enrich in colon cancers after oral administration. In the lesion, dextran is fermented by C. butyricum, and thereby produces anti‐cancer short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Additionally, spores‐dex regulate the gut microbiota, augment the abundance of SCFA‐producing bacteria (e.g., Eubacterium and Roseburia), and markedly increase the overall richness of microbiota. In subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor models, drug‐loaded spores‐dex inhibit tumor growth up to 89% and 65%, respectively. Importantly, no obvious adverse effect is found. The work sheds light on the possibility of using a highly safe strategy to regulate gut microbiota, and provides a promising avenue for treating various gastrointestinal diseases.
Highly Efficient Photoluminescence and Lasing from Hydroxide Coated Fully Inorganic Perovskite Micro/Nano‐Rods
Authors: Ying Guanhua , Jana Atanu , Osokin Vitaly , Farrow Tristan , Taylor Robert A. , Park Youngsin
Published: October 2020

The effect of surface passivation on the photoluminescence (PL) emitted by CsPbBr3 micro/nano‐rods coated with Pb(OH)2 is investigated, where a high quantum yield and excellent stability for the emission are found. The CsPbBr3/Pb(OH)2 rods generally present a peak that is blue shifted compared to that seen in rods without a hydroxide cladding at low temperatures. By increasing the temperature, it is further shown that the passivated surface states are very robust against thermal effects and that the PL peak intensity only drops by a factor of 1.5. Localized stimulated emission at defect states found within larger rods is also demonstrated, clarified by spatially resolved confocal PL mapping along the length of the rods. The diffusion parameter of the carrier density distribution is measured to be 5.70 µm for the sky‐blue emission, whereas for the defect lasing site it is found to be smaller than this excitation spot size.
Anomalous Sodium Storage Behavior in Al/F Dual‐Doped P2‐Type Sodium Manganese Oxide Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chae Munseok S. , Kim Hyojeong J. , Lyoo Jeyne , Attias Ran , Gofer Yosef , Hong Seung‐Tae , Aurbach Doron
Published: October 2020

Various types of sodium manganese oxides are promising cathode materials for sodium storage systems. One of the most considerable advantages of this family of materials is their widespread natural abundance. So far, only a few host candidates have been reported and there is a need to develop new materials with improved practical electrochemical performance. Here, P2‐type Al/F‐doped sodium manganese oxide as well as its unique sodium storage mechanism is demonstrated by a combination of electrochemical characterization, structural analyses from powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) data, and 3D bond valence energy level calculations for the sodium diffusion pathways. The material exhibits a high reversible capacity of 164.3 mAh g−1 (0.3C rate) and capacity retention of 89.1% after 500 cycles (5C rate). The study clearly unravels the beneficial effect of the doping and the unique sodium intercalation mechanism devoid of the low diffusion O3 transformation.
Food Hardship during the COVID‐19 Pandemic and Great Recession
Authors: Ziliak James P.
Published: October 2020

I compare the extent of food hardships in the United States among adults and seniors before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Food insufficiency increased threefold compared to 2019, and more than doubled relative to the Great Recession. Food insufficiency among seniors increased 75% during the COVID period, but more than doubled when including reduced intake of food varieties. Receipt of charitable foods among disadvantaged adults spiked 50% in the COVID period, but the initial response among seniors was a sharp reduction, before rising. These patterns are consistent with strong social distancing measures enacted in response to the pandemic.
Food Insecurity during COVID‐19
Authors: Gundersen Craig , Hake Monica , Dewey Adam , Engelhard Emily
Published: October 2020

For a decade, Feeding America's Map the Meal Gap (MMG) has provided sub‐state‐level estimates of food insecurity for both the full population and for children. Along with being extensively used by food banks, it is widely used by state and local governments to help plan responses to food insecurity in their communities. In this paper, we describe the methods underpinning MMG, detail the approach Feeding America has used to make projections about the geography of food insecurity in 2020, and how food insecurity rates may have changed due to COVID‐19 since 2018. We project an increase of 17 million Americans who are food insecure in 2020 but this aggregate increase masks substantial geographic variation found in MMG.
Characterization of flavin binding in oxygen‐independent fluorescent reporters
Authors: Anderson Nolan T. , Weyant Kevin B. , Mukherjee Arnab
Published: October 2020

Fluorescent proteins based on light, oxygen, and voltage (LOV) sensing photoreceptors are among the few reporter gene technologies available for studying living systems in oxygen‐free environments that render reporters based on the green fluorescent protein nonfluorescent. LOV reporters develop fluorescence by binding flavin mononucleotide (FMN), which they endogenously obtain from cells. As FMN is essential to cell physiology as well as for determining fluorescence in LOV proteins, it is important to be able to study and characterize flavin binding in LOV reporters. To this end, we report a method for reversibly separating FMN from two commonly used LOV reporters to prepare stable and soluble apoproteins. Using fluorescence titration, we measured the equilibrium dissociation constant for binding with all three cellular flavins: FMN, flavin adenine dinucleotide, and riboflavin. Finally, we exploit the riboflavin affinity of apo LOV reporters, identified in this work, to develop a fluorescence turn‐on biosensor for vitamin B2.
Connection Structures of Topological Singularity in Micromechanics from a Viewpoint of Generalized Finsler Space
Authors: Yajima Takahiro , Nagahama Hiroyuki
Published: October 2020

Geometric structures of Cosserat or micropolar continuum are discussed based on geometric objects in a non‐Riemannian space. A microrotation is described in a microscopic level than a macroscopic displacement level. In this case, a microscopic rotation can be expressed as a nonlocal internal variable attached to each point in a generalized Finsler space. Such non‐local hierarchy is geometrically realized by using a second‐order vector bundle viewpoint. Then, two kinds of torsion tensor in the second‐order vector bundle are obtained. One is characterized by the macroscopic displacement. The other is characterized by the microscopic rotation. These torsion tensors are equivalent to nonintegrability conditions for multivalued macroscopic displacement and microscopic rotation. Especially, a path dependency of the displacement and the microscopic rotation is represented by a non‐vanishing condition of torsion tensors. Moreover, the concept of non‐locality of the Finsler geometry implies that the approach of higher‐order geometry is applicable to a finite deformation in nonlinear mechanics. The singularity given by the multivalued function is also described as a boundary value problem. An application of the generalized Finsler geometry to a gradient theory is also discussed.
Multilayered ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene/natural graphite/boron nitride composites with enhanced thermal conductivity and electrical insulation by hot compression
Authors: Wang Xiao , Feng Chang‐Ping , Wang Min , Lu Hui , Ni Hai‐Ying , Chen Jun
Published: October 2020

A scalable strategy to fabricate thermally conductive but electrically insulating polymer composites was urgently required in various applications including heat exchangers and electronic packages. In this work, multilayered ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)/natural graphite (NG)/boron nitride (BN) composites were prepared by hot compressing the UHMWPE/NG layers and UHMWPE/BN layers alternately. Taking advantage of the internal properties of NG and BN fillers, the UHMWPE/NG layers played a decisive role in enhancing thermal conductivity (TC), while the UHMWPE/BN layers effectively blocked the electrically conductive pathways without affecting the thermal conductive pathways. The in‐plane TC, electrical insulation, and heat spreading ability of multilayered UHMWPE/NG/BN composites increased with the increasing layer numbers. At the total fillers loading of 40 wt%, the in‐plane TC of multilayered UHMWPE/NG/BN composites with nine layers was markedly improved to 6.319 Wm−1 K−1, outperforming UHMWPE/BN (4.735 Wm−1 K−1) and pure UHMWPE (0.305 Wm−1 K−1) by 33.45% and 1971.80%, respectively. Meanwhile, the UHMWPE/NG/BN composites still maintained an excellent electrically insulating property (volume resistance~5.40×1014 Ω cm; breakdown voltage~1.52 kV/mm). Moreover, the multilayered UHMWPE/NG/BN composites also exhibited surpassing heat dissipation capability and mechanical properties. Our results provided an effective method to fabricate highly thermal conductive and electrical insulating composites.
Highly enhanced tire performance achieved by using combined carbon nanotubes and soybean oil
Authors: Kang Chang‐Hwan , Jung Woo‐Bin , Kim Hak‐Joo , Jung Hee‐Tae
Published: October 2020

In this study, the previously noted limitations of high‐performance passenger tire tread were overcome by adding rough‐surface carbon nanotubes and soybean oil to a high‐loading silica‐based elastomer composite. The results of the practical tire test demonstrated improved wet braking, dry braking, snow traction, and rolling resistance in comparison with the unmodified silica‐based composite. Moreover, the wear resistance was enhanced by greater than 20% while commercially acceptable levels of the other properties were maintained, thereby minimizing the trade‐off. The wet traction and dry stability of the tires were enhanced by the inclusion of carbon nanotubes, while the improved snow traction and wear resistance were increased by the soybean oil. Therefore, this carbon nanotube/soybean oil‐based composite may represent a useful and practical means of improving high‐loading silica‐based elastomer composites.
Effect of special structure of clam shell powder on structure and properties of castor oil‐based composites
Authors: Zhang Peirui , Weng Fangqing , Koranteng Ernest , Guo Duyu , Cao Pengfei , Wu Qiangxian
Published: October 2020

Castor oil (CO) is an environmentally friendly renewable green resource and ideal alternative to petroleum resources. The preparation of high strength and high toughness castor oil‐based polyurethane prepolymer (COPU) composites has significant applications such as supporting material and engineering plastic sheet. In this study, unmodified clam shell powder (CSP) with a unique CaCO3‐proteoglycan structure was used as a filler to prepare compatible reinforced COPU composite materials. Investigation of the mechanical properties revealed that the elastic modulus of the composite COPU reinforced with 50 wt% of CSP had increased to 5859.0 ± 8.4 MPa representing 187.77% to obtain stiffer and stronger material over pure COPU (2036.6 ± 196.9 MPa). Moreover, the scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and contact angle results demonstrated that the reinforced COPU composites have better compatibility, thermal stability, and water resistance than pure COPU. This work will promote the application prospects of CO‐based polyurethane.