bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pigmented Spindle Cell Nevus of Reed of the Eyelid
Authors: Morkin Melina I. , Kapadia Mitesh K. , Laver Nora V.
Published: January 2017

Purpose: To report the clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemical features of the first pigmented spindle cell nevus (PSCN) of Reed documented to have appeared in the eyelid. Methods: The findings of clinical and histopathological examination are presented, along with differential diagnoses and a review of the pertinent literature. Case: A 3-year-old boy presented with a rapidly growing, heavily pigmented left lower lid papule raising the concern of malignancy, warranting excisional biopsy. Nests of predominantly junctional Mart-1-positive spindle cells were identified by histopathological examination. The cells were largely uniform in size, elongated, surrounded by granular and coarse melanin, with a Ki-67 proliferation index of 0-2%. Five-month follow-up did not evidence any recurrence or invasive behavior of this benign melanocytic tumor. Conclusion: This is the first documented case of PSCN of Reed, a distinct entity from Spitz nevus, presenting in the eyelid. The differential diagnoses include spindle cell and superficially spreading malignant melanoma as well as dysplastic nevus. Integration of clinical and histopathological findings with immunohistochemical and fluorescence in situ hybridization markers plays a central role in the diagnosis.
Characterization of an Acellular Scaffold for a Tissue Engineering Approach to the Nipple-Areolar Complex Reconstruction
Authors: Pashos Nicholas C. , Scarritt Michelle E. , Eagle Zachary R. , Gimble Jeffrey M. , Chaffin Abigail E. , Bunnell Bruce A.
Published: January 2017

A significant number of patients undergo mastectomies and breast reconstructions every year using many surgical-based techniques to reconstruct the nipple-areolar complex (NAC). Described herein is a tissue engineering approach that may permit a human NAC onlay graft during breast reconstruction procedures. By applying decellularization, which is the removal of cellular components from tissue, to an intact whole donor NAC, the extracellular matrix (ECM) structure of the NAC is preserved. This creates a biologically derived scaffold for cells to repopulate and regenerate the NAC. A detergent-based decellularization method was used to derive whole NAC scaffolds from nonhuman primate rhesus macaque NAC tissue. Using both histological and quantitative analyses for the native and decellularized tissues, the derived ECM graft was assessed. The bioactivity of the scaffold was evaluated following cell culture with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). The data presented here demonstrate that scaffolds are devoid of cells and retain ECM integrity and a high degree of bioactivity. The content of collagen and glycosaminoglycans were not significantly altered by the decellularization process, whereas the elastin content was significantly decreased. The proliferation and apoptosis of seeded BMSCs were found to be approximately 65 and <1.5%, respectively. This study characterizes the successful decellularization of NAC tissue as compared to native NACs based on structural protein composition, lubricating protein retention, the maintenance of adhesion molecules, and bioactivity when reseeded with cells. These histological and quantitative analyses provide the foundation for a novel approach to NAC reconstruction.
Participation of Necroptosis in the Host Response to Acute Bacterial Pneumonia
Authors: Ahn Danielle , Prince Alice
Published: January 2017

Common pulmonary pathogens, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as the host-adapted pathogens responsible for health care-associated pneumonias, such as the carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcecsens, are able to activate cell death through the RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL cascade that causes necroptosis. Necroptosis can influence the pathogenesis of pneumonia through several mechanisms. Activation of this pathway can result in the loss of specific types of immune cells, especially macrophages, and, in so doing, contribute to host pathology through the loss of their critical immunoregulatory functions. However, in other settings of infection, necroptosis promotes pathogen removal and the eradication of infected cells to control excessive proinflammatory signaling. Bacterial production of pore-forming toxins provides a common mechanism to activate necroptosis by diverse bacterial species, with variable consequences depending upon the specific pathogen. Included in this brief review are data demonstrating the ability of the carbapenem-resistant ST258 K. pneumoniae to activate necroptosis in the setting of pneumonia, which is counterbalanced by their suppression of CYLD expression. Exactly how necroptosis and other mechanisms of cell death are coregulated in the response to specific pulmonary pathogens remains a topic of active investigation, and it may provide potential therapeutic targets in the future.
Saturated Fat Consumption and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Ischemic Stroke: A Science Update
Authors: Nettleton Joyce A. , Brouwer Ingeborg A. , Geleijnse Johanna M. , Hornstra Gerard
Published: January 2017

At a workshop to update the science linking saturated fatty acid (SAFA) consumption with the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and ischemic stroke, invited participants presented data on the consumption and bioavailability of SAFA and their functions in the body and food technology. Epidemiological methods and outcomes were related to the association between SAFA consumption and disease events and mortality. Participants reviewed the effects of SAFA on CHD, causal risk factors, and surrogate risk markers. Higher intakes of SAFA were not associated with higher risks of CHD or stroke apparently, but studies did not take macronutrient replacement into account. Replacing SAFA by cis-polyunsaturated fatty acids was associated with significant CHD risk reduction, which was confirmed by randomized controlled trials. SAFA reduction had little direct effect on stroke risk. Cohort studies suggest that the food matrix and source of SAFA have important health effects.
Microfluidic coagulation assay for monitoring anticoagulant therapy in acute stroke patients
Authors: Bluecher Annemarie , dos Santos Sascha Meyer , Ferreirós Nerea , Labocha Sandra , Meyer dos Santos Isabel Maria Rodrigues , Picard-Willems Bettina , Harder Sebastian , Singer Oliver C.
Published: January 2017

Reliable detection of anticoagulation status in patients treated with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) is challenging but of importance especially in the emergency setting. This study evaluated the potential of a whole-blood clotting time assay based on Surface Acoustic Waves (SAW-CT) in stroke-patients. The SAW-technology was used for quick and homogenous recalcification of whole blood inducing a surface-activated clotting reaction quantified and visualised by real-time fluorescence microscopy with automatic imaging processing. In 20 stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA)-patients taking NOACs kinetics of SAW-CT were assessed and correlated to other coagulation parameters (PT, aPTT) and NOAC-plasma concentration measured by tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In 225 emergency patients with suspicion of acute stroke or TIA, SAW-CT values were assessed. Mean (± SD) SAW-CT in non-anticoagulated stroke patients (n=180) was 124 s (± 21). In patients on dabigatran or rivaroxaban, SAW-CT values were significantly higher 2 and 8 hours (h) after intake rising up to 267 seconds (s) (dabigatran, 2 h after intake) and 250 s (rivaroxaban, 8 h after intake). In patients on apixaban, SAW-CT values were only moderately increased 2 h after intake (SAW-CT 153 s). In emergency patients, SAW-CT values were significantly higher in NOAC and vitamin K antagonist (VKA)-treated as compared to non-anticoagulated patients. In conclusion, the SAW-CT assay is capable to monitor anticoagulant level and effect in patients receiving dabigatran, rivaroxaban and the VKA phenprocoumon. It has a limited sensitivity for apixaban-detection. If specific SAW-CT results were used as cut-offs, SAW-CT yields high diagnostic accuracy to exclude relevant rivaroxaban and dabigatran concentrations in strokepatients.
Aos cavaleiros da Politécnica: regulamentação profissional, metáfora e política no discurso de Alexandre Albuquerque
Authors: Novo Leonardo Faggion
Published: January 2017

O artigo objetiva analisar a participação de Alexandre Albuquerque (1880-1940) nos debates sobre a regulamentação profissional dos arquitetos no Brasil. A partir da construção de uma mitologia em torno do engenheiro-arquiteto, com origem em seu discurso enquanto orador da turma de formandos da Escola Politécnica em 1905, seu protagonismo como aglutinador dos interesses de sua classe profissional é constantemente reiterado. Dessa forma, o trabalho procura analisar o contexto de produção e transmissão do discurso de 1905 a fim de compreender a distância entre sua formulação, sua inserção no debate acerca da regulamentação profissional e sua conversão em mitologia.
Contribuição ao estudo das trajetórias de construtores de cidades: as ideias de Joseph Stübben no discurso do eng. Benno Hofmann
Authors: Lersch Inês Martina
Published: January 2017

Este artigo discute a presença das ideias do Eng. Joseph Stübben no discurso do Eng. Benno Hofmann, formado em Berlim em 1916. Seguindo os indícios apresentados nos textos publicados por Hofmann em 1925 na Revista EGATEA, percebeu-se uma relação muito próxima da vertente encontrada na obra “Der Städtebau”, de Stübben (1890). A comparação dos textos demonstra inúmeras semelhanças, verificando que questões como o tipo de traçado, largura e comprimento das ruas ou a sua monotonia foram discutidas por Stübben e claramente apropriadas por Hofmann em seu discurso.
Uma ninfa à perseguir cabeças: Imagens de Salomé na coluna Garotas do Alceu
Authors: Campos Daniela Queiroz
Published: January 2017

O trabalho aborda as temporalidades das imagens da coluna Garotas do Alceu da revista O Cruzeiro. As pin-ups ilustradas por Alceu Penna para a coluna Garotas foram imagens envoltas a publicidades, comportamentos, morais e modas em voga em seu tempo histórico de produção. Contudo, segundo Georges Didi-Huberman, a imagem pertence ao tempo. Tempos múltiplos, impuros, heterogêneos, dialéticos, anacrônicos também perpassam a imagem em questão.  As Garotas do Alceu, as pin-ups, foram também analisadas como ninfas moderna que associa o belo ao trauma. Entre as garotas e as ninfas, as apresentações de Salomé e das cabeças decapitadas foram aqui destacadas e analisadas.
Thomas Demand e suas alegorias da intenção; "exclusão" em Candida Höfer, Hiroshi Sugimoto, e Thomas Struth
Authors: Fried Michael , Gemin Deborah Alice Bruel , Almeida Juliana Gisi Martins de
Published: January 2017

Em 2008, com a publicação de Why Photography Matters as Art as Never Before, Michael Fried retoma as discussões iniciadas em “Arte e Objetidade”, ensaio de 1967, em especial a ideia de "absorção" ou antiteatralidade da arte, suposta característica da arte modernista em contraposição à minimalista/ literalista. Fried debate a questão da "presença", argumentando em prol da antiteatralidade, considerando a "absorção" como a principal qualidade nos trabalhos fotográficos de Thomas Struth, Thomas Demand, Cândida Höfer entre outros, sobretudo no capítulo 9, aqui traduzido. A partir de uma minuciosa descrição e da análise formal das imagens, Fried encontra parâmetros para consolidar seu principal argumento: a capacidade de "absorção" da fotografias.
Levantes
Authors: Casa Nova Vera
Published: January 2017

Entrevista com Georges Didi – Huberman para L’Humanité( a propósito da exposição Soulèvements, no museu do Jeu de Paume /Paris, novembro,2016)realizada por Magali Joffret.
The creative ecosystem of Otoni Mesquita
Authors: Freitas Ítala Clay , Lopes Rafael de Figueiredo
Published: January 2017

This paper proposes an ecosystem reading on aspects of the visual artist's collection Otoni Mesquita, highlighting experimental videos. The methodological approach follows the precepts of the Paradigm of Complexity. Research suggests that semiosis communicative course, emerging creativity and ethical artist provides insights mainly on developments on creative processes in contemporary art and reflections on the Amazon
Images after all / Images despite everything: problems and controversies surrounding the representation, from "Shoah" to "Son of Saul"
Authors: Feldman Ilana
Published: January 2017

This article intends to investigate the controversies and problems surrounding the Holocaust (Shoah) representation, from three essays by Georges Didi-Huberman, Images malgré tout (2003), Ecorces (2011) and Sortir du noir (2015). These texts address the “unimaginable” and the “unrepresentable”, philosophical and aesthetic, and refute it by analyzing four photographs captured by members of the Sonderkommando at Auschwitz-Birkenau in August 1944. In comparison with the cinema, from Shoah to Son of Saul, passing through Night and Fog and Kapo, we updated the quarrel of images, more and more current and far from being closed
Two jasmine (Oleaceae: Jasminum L.) taxa newly recorded in Vietnam
Authors: Quang Bui Hong , Chinh Vu Tien , Linh Le Thi Mai , Choudhary Ritesh Kumar
Published: January 2017

Two Jasminum taxa i.e. J. hongshuihoense and Jasminum laurifolium var. brachylobum are reported as a new record for the flora of Vietnam. J. hongshuihoense was hitherto known as endemic to China. It differs from the closely related species J. eberhardtii in having more number (4-10) of primary veins and lesser (5-8) calyx lobes. J. laurifolium var. brachylobum is closely allied to J. laurifolium var. laurifolium but it differs in having more flowers in cymes (i.e.1-8) flowers and calyx lobes (i.e. 6-10). Description and color photographs are provided for species identification. Furthermore, a comparison of the diagnostic characters with those of related species is made.
Influence of substrate features on distribution of polypores (Fungi: Basidiomycota) in central part of Peechi Vazhani Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala, India
Authors: Iqbal Muhammed , Vidyasagaran Kattany , Ganesh Narayan
Published: January 2017

We examined the effect of substrate features like diameter, type and decay class on the distribution of polypores in the moist deciduous forests of Kerala.  Plot based sampling and opportunistic sampling method were adopted to maximize the documentation of polypore fungal distribution.  The highest number (2,861) of polypore fungal sporocarps has been recorded in host trees with 21-<30 cm diameter class.  Among the substrate types, highest number of individuals (2,480) were observed on logs, living trees supported very few polypores.  The newly emerged species during the monsoon season showed more association with decay class 2, the decay class association of some species remained unchanged during all the seasons.
Lucius or a New Io
Authors: Levinskaya Olga L.
Published: January 2017

InMetamorphosesApuleius used a highly exquisite technique of literary casting. This technique implies exploitation of different literary models or molds, both Greek and Roman, which help to hold the novel together on various levels. The story of Io the cow in its dramatic, tragic version (Prometheus BoundandSuppliant Women)has been chosen as one of the basic molds. Io’s story was exploited by Apuleius for shapingboththe ‘inset’ plot about the adventures of Psyche and the main, principal plot—the one about the adventures of Lucius. More than that: the close association between Io and Isis in the Roman tradition provides an important link between the first ten books and the final one. We may consider Io’s story not only as the plot-forming matrix that links together ten books of the novel with its 11th, concluding book, but also as the solid foundation of the unity of the entire novel.
Two new Chrysomyxa rust species on the endemic plant, Picea asperata in western China, and expanded description of C. succinea
Authors: CAO JING , TIAN CHENGMING , LIANG YINGMEI , YOU CHONGJUAN
Published: January 2017

Two new rust species, Chrysomyxa diebuensis and C. zhuoniensis, on Picea asperata are recognized by morphological characters and DNA sequence data. A detailed description, illustrations, and discussion concerning morphologically similar and phylogenetically closely related species are provided for each species. From light and scanning electron microscopy observations C. diebuensis is characterized by the nailhead to peltate aeciospores, with separated stilt-like base. C. zhuoniensis differs from other known Chrysomyxa species in the annulate aeciospores with distinct longitudinal smooth cap at ends of spores, as well as with a broken, fissured edge. Analysis based on internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) partial gene sequences reveals that the two species cluster as a highly supported group in the phylogenetic trees. Correlations between the morphological and phylogenetic features are discussed. Illustrations and a detailed description are also provided for the aecia of C. succinea in China for the first time.
Gracilaria falconii sp. nov. (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta): a new species with flat axes from Venezuela
Authors: M. SONIA ARDITO , NÚÑEZ-RESENDIZ MARÍA LUISA , DRECKMANN KURT M. , SENTÍES ABEL
Published: January 2017

Gracilaria falconii from Falcón, Venezuela, is described as a new species, based mainly on phylogenetic evidence. Morphologically, G. falconii is similar to G. mammillaris, a species previously reported from the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, Venezuela, and Brazil. Although G. falconii is morphologically different from phylogenetically closely related species, morphological boundaries between G. falconii and other flattened Gracilaria are not so clear.
A new intertidal octopus species, Octopus incella (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae), from Okinawa, southern Japan
Authors: KANEKO NATSUMI , KUBODERA TSUNEMI
Published: January 2017

A new Octopus species, Octopus incella sp. nov., was found on a shallow coral beach on Okinawa Island, in the tropical waters of Japan. This species possesses the following characteristics: small size (28.2–31.0 mm mantle length [ML]), robust body with medium and approximately equivalent length (3.4–4.6 × ML) arms, relatively large normal suckers without abruptly enlarged suckers, shallow arm webs, lack of primary papillae on dorsal surface and above eyes, absence of white dorsal spots, low number of gill lamellae (5–6 per demibranch), V shaped terminal organ with well-developed diverticulum. This octopus lives in small holes in boulders or dead corals on the beach, where it is completely exposed during low tide. The generic status of this species is discussed.
Arvechamboides ocala, n. gen., n. sp., a new aniulinine milliped from peninsular Florida, USA (Julida: Parajulidae)
Authors: SHELLEY ROWLAND M.
Published: January 2017

Arvechamboides ocala, n. gen., n. sp., is proposed for a male aniulinine milliped in Marion County, Florida; no females are available. The genus is the fourth in the Parajulidae recorded from Florida, all representatives of the Aniulini, and the second known only from the state, the other being Gyniulus Loomis, 1963. The posterior gonopods of Arvechamboides possess both true and accessory prefemoral processes, the former being a feature of Pseudojulus Bollman, 1887, and the latter, a trait of Arvechambus Causey, 1963. The 8th sternum expands laterally into broad lobes as in Arvechambus, and the generic name reflects the shared anatomical features with this genus. "Sphaerotrichomes" are observed on the tibiae & tarsi of the 1st legs and are reported in retrospect for previously studied aniulinine genera.
Punctulini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae), a new leafhopper tribe from the Oriental region and Pacific Islands
Authors: DAI W. , ZAHNISER J.N. , VIRAKTAMATH C.A. , WEBB M.D.
Published: January 2017

A new tribe of the leafhopper subfamily Deltocephalinae, Punctulini tribe nov., from China, India, Thailand, and Fiji is described and includes three new genera and five new species: Punctulus gen. nov. includes P. tumidifrons sp. nov. from China, P. manipurensis from India, and P. lobatus sp. nov. from Thailand; Hirsutula gen. nov. includes H. rubrifrons sp. nov. from Thailand; and Taveunius gen. nov. includes T. megapunctatus sp. nov., from Fiji. A key to the genera of Punctulini is provided. Observations on the shared morphological characters of Punctulini with the superficially similar tribe Magnentiini, and with Vartini to which it is found to be related based on phylogenetic analyses of morphological and molecular data including newly available sequences and analyses, are made and discussed. Afrovarta Zahniser 2013 is removed from Vartini and placed in Athysanini, placement nov.
Three new spider species of Irura Peckham & Peckham, 1901 from China (Araneae: Salticidae)
Authors: GAN JIA-HUI , WANG CHENG , PENG XIAN-JIN
Published: January 2017

Three new species of the genus Irura are described from China: I. montiformis sp. nov., I. zhangae sp. nov. and I. yinae sp. nov. Distributional data, detailed morphological characteristics, and illustrations of body and genital organs are presented.
A new species of Jomine Graf-Kumagai (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae) from Brazil
Authors: FABIAN HERRERA-FLOREZ ANDRES , GERALDO MARIANA , FILHO MANOEL MARTINS DIAS , PENTEADO-DIAS ANGELICA
Published: January 2017

The genus Jomine Graf-Kumagai has two described species known only from Brazil. A new species, J. paulista Herrera-Florez sp. n. is described and its host is given here. The material used in this work was obtained during a survey of the Geometridae larvae and their parasitoids in an understory at São Paulo, Brazil. An identification key to the species of Jomine is provided.
The Sensitivity of the Proportionality between Temperature Change and Cumulative CO2 Emissions to Ocean Mixing
Authors: Ehlert Dana , Zickfeld Kirsten , Eby Michael , Gillett Nathan
Published: January 2017

The ratio of global mean surface air temperature change to cumulative CO2 emissions, referred to as transient climate response to cumulative CO2 emissions (TCRE), has been shown to be approximately constant on centennial time scales. The mechanisms behind this constancy are not well understood, but previous studies suggest that compensating effects of ocean heat and carbon fluxes, which are governed by the same ocean mixing processes, could be one cause for this approximate constancy. This hypothesis is investigated by forcing different versions of the University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model, which differ in the ocean mixing parameterization, with an idealized scenario of 1% annually increasing atmospheric CO2 until quadrupling of the preindustrial CO2 concentration and constant concentration thereafter. The relationship between surface air warming and cumulative emissions remains close to linear, but the TCRE varies between model versions, spanning the range of 1.2°–2.1°C EgC−1 at the time of CO2 doubling. For all model versions, the TCRE is not constant over time while atmospheric CO2 concentrations increase. It is constant after atmospheric CO2 stabilizes at 1120 ppm, because of compensating changes in temperature sensitivity (temperature change per unit radiative forcing) and cumulative airborne fraction. The TCRE remains approximately constant over time even if temperature sensitivity, determined by ocean heat flux, and cumulative airborne fraction, determined by ocean carbon flux, are taken from different model versions with different ocean mixing settings. This can partially be explained with temperature sensitivity and cumulative airborne fraction following similar trajectories, which suggests ocean heat and carbon fluxes scale approximately linearly with changes in vertical mixing.
Developmental and Service Trajectories of Students with Disabilities Recommended for Expulsion from School
Authors: Morrison Gale M. , D'Incau Barbara
Published: January 2017

Forty-one students who had special education histories and who were recommended for expulsion in one district were grouped and described according to their disability, onset of services, and services trajectory. Most students exhibited additional emotional and behavioral risk factors or were experiencing stressful family circumstances. The age at which special education services were initiated was related to case complexity and possible confusion about how best to serve the student within the context of special education services. Conduct problems that accompanied disabling conditions were likely to lead to full expulsion hearings or dismissal from special education services. These observations are discussed in the context of school systems' dilemma of balancing safe school environments with their obligation to service students with disabilities.
Teaching Elementary Students with Moderate Intellectual Disabilities How to Shop for Groceries
Authors: Morse Timothy E. , Schuster John W.
Published: January 2017

A multiple probe across participants design assessed the effectiveness of an instructional strategy to teach 10 elementary-aged students with moderate intellectual disabilities how to shop for grocery items. Following the intervention, which consisted of in vivo training using constant time delay and simulation training using a pictorial storyboard, 6 students achieved criterion. Two other students' shopping performances improved considerably during training, but the students did not achieve criterion as training was discontinued due to the end of the school year. Maintenance data indicate that the students who achieved criterion retained their skills for 6 weeks, and generalization data indicate that they could shop for the same items in a novel store.
Using Objective Data Sources to Enhance Teacher Judgments about Test Accommodations
Authors: Fuchs Lynn S. , Fuchs Douglas , Eaton Susan B. , Hamlett Carol , Binkley Edward , Crouch Robert
Published: January 2017

One hundred eighty-one students with learning disabilities (LD) and 184 students without LD completed four brief, parallel tests under four conditions (standard, extended time, large print, students reading aloud). We (a) examined whether students with LD benefited from accommodations more than students without LD; (b) estimated “typical” accommodation boosts among nondisabled students; and (c) awarded accommodations to students with LD whose boosts exceeded the “typical” boost. Teachers provided independent accommodation judgments, and students with LD completed a large-scale assessment with and without accommodations. Students with LD, as a group, profited differentially from reading aloud, not from extended time or large print; teachers' decisions did not correspond to benefits students derived; the data-based assessment predicted differential performance on large-scale assessment better than teacher judgments.
Outcomes for Students with Learning Disabilities in Inclusive and Pullout Programs
Authors: Rea Patricia J. , McLaughlin Virginia L. , Walther-Thomas Chriss
Published: January 2017

This study investigated the relationship between placement in inclusive and pullout special education programs and academic and behavior outcomes for students with learning disabilities (LD). Demographic data such as age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and IQ established comparabililty of two groups. Qualitative and quantitative methods described two schools and their special education models, one inclusive and the other pullout. Individualized Education Plan (IEP) goals and objectives, classroom accommodations, and teacher collaboration were examined to provide functional definitions. Results indicated that the two programs differed significantly. Further, students served in inclusive classrooms earned higher grades, achieved higher or comparable scores on standardized tests, committed no more behavioral infractions, and attended more days of school than students served in the pullout program.
The Status of Special Education Services in Catholic High Schools: Attributes, Challenges, and Needs
Authors: Bello Denise A.
Published: January 2017

This study investigated issues that Catholic high schools encounter in their efforts to develop and implement special education services for students with disabilities. Results are based on survey responses from a stratified random sample of 300 Catholic high schools. Survey instruments were developed based on inclusion factors that were identified by the Consortium on Inclusive Schooling Practices. Schools responded based on the following options: (a) having no special education services, (b) being in the process of planning services, or (c) providing special education services. Demographic information on students with disabilities is reported for all schools. A description of services and major challenges are reported for Catholic high schools providing special education services. These challenges are compared with those reported by schools not providing services.
Collaboration with Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Families: Ideal versus Reality
Authors: Harry Beth
Published: January 2017

This review identifies research-based definitions of ideal collaborative relationships between special education professionals and culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) families of children with disabilities, examines research on actual collaboration with such families, and makes recommendations regarding improvement of such collaboration. The main sources of literature are research and opinion publications in peer-reviewed journals and books by leading scholars. The review concludes that barriers to the implementation of ideal practices include deficit views of CLD families, cross-cultural misunderstandings related to the meanings of disability, differential values in setting goals for individuals with disabilities, and culturally based differences in caregivers' views of their roles. Recommendations for change and improvement focus on personnel preparation and on implementing existing models of effective practice.
Patterns of clinical services for exceptional children
Authors: Birch Jack W. , Newland T. E.
Published: January 2017

This is the first of a series of four articles on clinical services for exceptional children solicited both from the standpoint of wide geographical sampling and from the standpoint of varied conceptions of just what constitutes such services. Dr. Birch presents an overview of types of such services which special education folks should know exist, or should cause to exist. These views are, of course, those of Dr. Birch.
Gains in IQ for Students Attending a School for the Blind
Authors: Komisar David , Macdonnell Marian
Published: January 2017

Caution is necessary in the prediction of achievement on the basis of initial examination
Can Deficiency Produce Specific Superiority-The Challenge of the Idiot Savant
Authors: Lindsley Ogden R.
Published: January 2017

Specific superior skills have been found in behaviorally retarded persons (idiots savants). Kiyoshi Yamashita's graphic genius is given as an outstanding example. The suggestion is made that we design prosthetic environments not only to restore average behavioral junction to handicapped individuals, but also to develop special skills to the point of superiority. Supporting examples and an interpretation of specific superiority are given.
Psychoeducational Aspects of Classroom Management
Authors: Blom Gaston E.
Published: January 2017

A clinical episode is used as an illustration of psychoeducational aspects of classroom management. These aspects include: (a) a psychoeducational orientation, (b) classroom structure, (c) teaching and management styles, (d) program planning in general and for specific children, and (e) behavioral management.
A Crisis in Evaluation
Authors: Reynolds Maynard C.
Published: January 2017

Recent federal support programs for education in the United States have emphasized innovation and evaluation. Little attention has been given to the evaluation problem. Special education bears a special responsibility because it has been a favored area in recent federal legislation. Despite many difficult technical and psychological problems, efforts must be made to meet the rising problem of evaluation.
Construct Validity of Selected Subtests of the ITPA
Authors: Hare Betty A. , Hammill Donald D. , Bartel Nettie R.
Published: January 2017

Six subtests of the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities (ITPA) were matched with parallel tasks which were equivalent to the subtests except in one dimension of the test's theoretical model. A total of 16 subtests and tasks were administered to 126 third grade children who met the same criteria used to select the original ITPA standardization sample. The data were factor analyzed using a principal components solution. Seven factors emerged and accounted for 66 percent of the variance. Each of the ITPA subtests loaded highly on only one factor. In addition, the subtests loaded with the other related tasks on factors which are clearly identifiable in terms of the model regarding level, process, and channel.
Poverty and Culture in Education: Separate but Equal
Authors: Chan Kenyon S. , Rueda Robert
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this article is to separate and clarify the impact of poverty and cultural background on the educational attainment of children. The effects of poverty and culture on educability are examined separately. It is concluded that each factor uniquely influences mediating variables which determine educability and, ultimately, educational attainment. Clear separation of the effects of poverty and culture is required in order to plan and interpret research and evaluate interventions.
The Visibility and Image of Handicapped People on Television
Authors: Donaldson Joy
Published: January 2017

A random sample of prime time television programing during spring 1979 was analyzed to determine the visibility and image of characters portrayed as handicapped. Results suggested that handicapped persons are, overall, not highly visible and are as likely to appear in negative roles as positive ones. Implications include the suggestion that prime time television probably serves more to maintain societal devaluation of handicapped individuals than to foster positive attitudes and interactions.
Teachers' and Nonteachers' Attitudes toward Mainstreaming
Authors: Schmelkin Liora Pedhazur
Published: January 2017

The attitudes of special education teachers, regular teachers, and nonteachers toward mainstreaming handicapped individuals were assessed by a Mainstreaming Opinionnaire constructed by the present investigator. This questionnaire is a 30-item Likert-type scale consisting of two subscales: Academic Costs of Mainstreaming, and Socio-Emotional Costs of Segregation. While the results indicated that all three groups have relatively positive attitudes toward mainstreaming on both factors, a multiple discriminant function analysis demonstrated, as hypothesized, that special education teachers view mainstreaming as academically less costly than do the other two groups.
Evaluating a Local Gifted Program: A Cooperative Effort
Authors: Callahan Carolyn M. , Covert Robert , Aylesworth Martin S. , Vanco Peggy
Published: January 2017

Evaluations of programs for the gifted have been criticized because of lack of objectivity and have often been perceived as a threat to programs rather than as an aid to program improvement. In an effort to overcome these criticisms, a university evaluation team and a public school program worked to develop evaluation instruments and procedures. The experiences of the first year of this cooperative effort are presented here to illustrate the issues, problems, and benefits of such an arrangement.
A Ten-Year Follow-up Study of Deaf-Blind Children
Authors: Curtis W. Scott , Donlon Edward T.
Published: January 2017

In the early 1970s, 49 deafblind children were evaluated for educational adjustment and communication level through a structured observational procedure. Ten years later, the examiners have used the national registry for the deaf-blind to relocate these children. A comparison of the children's general level of functioning then and now is reported in those instances where the two reporting tools are compatible.
Attributional Retraining and the Teaching of Strategies
Authors: Borkowski John G. , Weyhing Robert S. , Turner Lisa A.
Published: January 2017

This article reviews the literature on strategy acquisition, use, and transfer with mentally retarded and learning disabled students. A model of metacognition is presented that integrates three components—Specific Strategy Knowledge, Metamemory Acquisition Procedures, and General Strategy Knowledge (including beliefs about the causes of successful performance)—in an attempt to explain some of the causes of individual differences in strategy use among educationally handicapped students. Two recent studies are presented that show how the retraining of attributional beliefs can be combined with other aspects of metacognitive instruction to enhance strategy transfer. Finally, implications of reshaping self-attributions for educational practice are discussed.
A Cognitive Approach to Teaching Spelling
Authors: Wong Bernice Y. L.
Published: January 2017

A case for a cognitive approach to teaching spelling is presented. An examination of the cognitive demands of the act of spelling indicates that the speller needs to coordinate several sources of word knowledge: phonological, orthographic, syntactic, and semantic. The act of spelling is completed with a decision about the acceptability of the spelling produced. Spelling instruction, therefore, should include specific information about words and about monitoring strategies. Data are used to support this approach to teaching spelling.
Parent Attitudes about Working Conditions of Their Adult Mentally Retarded Sons and Daughters
Authors: Hill Janet W. , Seyfarth John , Banks P. David , Wehman Paul , Orelove Fred
Published: January 2017

As major changes in vocational habilitation strategies are being proposed by the experts in the field of employment services for disabled persons, the attitudes of parents toward the working conditions of their sons and daughters who are mentally retarded warrant careful attention. A mail survey was conducted from a representative sample of 660 parents/guardians whose adult sons/daughters were receiving mental retardation services in the State of Virginia. From demographic and attitudinal information surveyed, a series of one-way ANOVAS showed that parent attitudes toward vocational services for their child were not influenced by age or sex of the adult child or the educational or occupational status of the parent. An analysis of covariance was conducted employing the IQ level of the child and satisfaction with current program placement as the covariate. IQ level showed highly significant effects on parental attitudes even when satisfaction with current program was controlled in this way. Parents and guardians in this sample expressed low interest in specific improvements in working conditions, especially increased wages for their sons/daughters who are mentally retarded. They indicated satisfaction with the current program placements for their adult children. Although most parents/guardians indicated a positive attitude toward work in general for the adult children, only 12% indicated a preference for competitive employment for their adult sons/daughters who are currently consumers of retardation services.
Strategy Training: A Need for Clarification
Authors: deBettencourt Laurie U.
Published: January 2017

On the basis of research in the field of learning disabilities it has been concluded that many learning disabled students can be characterized as strategy-deficient, inactive learners. However, a precise understanding of strategy training procedures is frequently obscured by researchers. The term “strategy training” needs to be defined more clearly so that the approaches are understood more universally. In this article I discuss the rationale for strategy training interventions with learning disabled children, describe three approaches that are currently being studied in the field, and discuss the issues that arise.
Paradigmatic Distinctions between Instructionally Relevant Measurement Models
Authors: Fuchs Lynn S. , Deno Stanley L.
Published: January 2017

In this article, we delineate essential commonalities and distinctions between two approaches to measurement for instructional decision making. Specific subskill mastery measurement is explained using a case study, and salient features of this predominant model are described. Then, a major contrasting approach, the general outcome measurement model, is explained; a curriculum-based measurement case study is provided to illustrate general outcome measurement; and the essential features of this alternative model are reviewed. Finally, we describe how general outcome measurement represents an innovative approach to assessment by bridging traditional and contemporary paradigms.
Research on the Educational Implications of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Zentall Sydney S.
Published: January 2017

This article summarizes the major academic problems of students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and addresses the extent to which these problems are secondary to ADHD, rather than a part of a co-occurring learning or cognitive disability. The article delineates the academic problems of students with ADHD in relation to their primary characteristics—how one influences the nature of the other. Treatment implications are discussed to indicate how educators might modify classroom settings to enhance the academic achievement of students with ADHD.
20/20 Analysis: Estimating School Effectiveness in Serving Students at the Margins
Authors: Reynolds Maynard C. , Heistad David
Published: January 2017

This article presents a brief review of the 20/20 procedures and related challenges in special education; topics include cross-categorical programming, costs, needs for efficiency, accountability, and labeling. The authors present a method for using computerized, multiyear 20/20 analyses to estimate the reliability of classifications of schools according to their success in serving pupils at the margins: the highest achieving 20% and the lowest achieving 20% of students. This method offers educators a simplified approach to identification of most exceptional students: direct assessment of rates of progress in important school learning.
Effects of Instructional Variables on Engaged Behavior of Students with Disabilities in General Education Classrooms
Authors: Logan Kent R. , Bakeman Roger , Keefe Elizabeth B.
Published: January 2017

This article presents results from an observational study analyzing the effect of instructional variables on the engaged behavior of 29 students with moderate, severe, or profound intellectual disabilities who were included full time in general education elementary classrooms. Results indicated that one-to-one, small group, and independent work arrangements were associated with higher engaged behavior than whole class instruction. Three instructional contexts associated with the highest levels of engaged behavior were identified. Results are discussed in relation to building effective instructional contexts for students with severe disabilities in general education elementary classes.
Teaching Leisure Skills to Adolescents with Moderate Disabilities
Authors: Collins Belva C. , Hall Meada , Branson Terri A.
Published: January 2017

Four leisure skills (i.e., playing cards, selecting a television program, playing a sports videotape, and playing a computer game) were taught to four secondary students with moderate disabilities in a collaborative project developed by a university investigator, a special education teacher, and an English teacher. The special education teacher used a system of least prompts procedure to teach the targeted skills, and nondisabled peers from an advanced English class assessed generalization across persons on an intermittent schedule. The results indicate that the collaborative project had benefits to both groups of students that included an increase in positive attitudes of the nondisabled peers toward their peers with disabilities.
Economics, Culture and Cultural Economics: A Review Article
Authors: Sukumar Nandi
Published: January 2017

In the popular perception economics is too dry a subject to handle a soft subject like culture. But economics has embraced many areas of social sciences without compromising its basic tenets. The literature has grown and Professor Throsby has written a book on culture and economics. This is a review article placing the central theme of the book in the proper perspective of the literature.
Infrastructure Development and Foreign Direct Investment on the Western Coast of India
Authors: Ranade Prabha Shastri
Published: January 2017

This paper aims to analyse recent trends in spatial distribution of foreign direct investment on the western coast of India after completion of Konkan Railway-a major infrastructure project along the western coast. It investigates the impact of Konkan Railway on foreign direct investment (FDI) in infrastructure and other sectors in its adjoining areas. This 760 km long railway line connecting Mumbai, India 's commercial capital with Mangalore in the south was commissioned in January 1998. FD! proposals approved by the Government of India to be located on the west coast south of Mumbai, up to Kera/a after the commissioning of Konkan Railway, i.e. from January 1998 to January 2000 are taken into consideration for this study.

The study reveals that infrastructure development has a positive impact on FD! on the western coast. With the commencement of construction of Konkan Railway, several other infrastructure projects were also undertaken here. The variety of sectors towards which FDI is attracted in the western coast is noteworthy. The sector, hotel and tourism attracts the maximum attention among all the sectors. Out of 77 FDI proposals approved i11 India during this period, 35 are located in the western coast. These are primarily located at Mumbai, Goa and Kerala. This suggests that the investors are seeking locations in or around the capital or the core region in order to gain access to local market and to minimise cost involved in accessing the local market.
Automating the Diagnosis of Analogue Circuits — A Tutorial
Authors: Garrett C. , Maikowski L. , Thomas R.
Published: January 2017

Automating the diagnosis of analogue circuits–a tutorial

A tutorial study of automatic analogue fault diagnosis is presented. Major issues, namely observability, controllability and deduction are explained but then issues of tolerance and fault models peculiar to diagnosis of faults in analogue systems are discussed. A taxonomy of methods is followed by examples and 25 references.
Filling The Gap Between The Bilinear and The Backward-Difference Transforms: An Interactive Design Approach
Authors: Al-Alaoui Mohamad Adnan
Published: January 2017

A class of stable, first order, s-to-z transforms is presented. The transforms are obtained by interpolating the traditional trapezoidal and rectangular integration rules. An interactive design approach is introduced by varying one parameter. The sampling rate would be another parameter that may be varied to obtain the lowest sampling rate for the desired response.