bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Place des processus de déconstruction dans l'appropriation subjective à l'adolescence
Authors: Matot Jean-Paul
Published: June 2011

Résumé Dans les perspectives psychanalytiques actuelles, un des axes centraux du développement à l’adolescence est envisagé comme un processus d’appropriation subjective, lequel ne peut cependant se concevoir que comme temps second d’une déconstruction préalable. Cette déconstruction est souvent ressentie par les adultes, et secondairement par les adolescents eux-mêmes, comme violente, alors que cette violence, qui est profondément structurante, constitue avant tout une condition de la croissance psychique et d’un développement personnel authentique. Elle répond en effet à la violence inhérente au contrat narcissique primaire. La distinction entre déconstruction et destructivité constitue une condition d’une appréciation des dynamiques en jeu à l’adolescence qui préserve au mieux leur potentiel de vitalité et de créativité. De ce point de vue, il est important sur le plan de la théorie psychanalytique de lever la confusion introduite par Freud à partir de 1920 entre les processus de liaison-déliaison, inhérents au développement et à la pensée, et le registre de la destructivité. Les mouvements de déconstruction à l’adolescence concernent le corps, les liens aux parents et les modalités des rapports aux structures sociales. Ils peuvent être entravés par des limitations liées aux capacités propres de l’adolescent ainsi que par différentes formes d’interdits. Ils peuvent aussi se dégrader dans le sens de la destructivité. À cet égard, la différenciation entre des mouvements de déconstruction qui recherchent la transformation des liens objectaux, et ceux qui visent leur abolition, est importante sur le plan clinique et thérapeutique. Cette différence est illustrée par la comparaison entre deux films traitant de la révolte adolescente, Rebel without a cause et Into the wild .
Développement et qualité de vie des frères et sœurs adolescents de sujets porteurs d'autismes : une étude pilote
Authors: Coutelle Romain , Pry René , Sibertin-Blanc Daniel
Published: June 2011

Résumé Cette étude pilote sur 20 frères et sœurs adolescents de personnes avec autisme nous a permis de décrire cette population en terme de qualité de vie et de développement (autonomie, socialisation et jugement moral) en tenant compte de la sévérité de l’autisme, du rang, du sexe, de la taille de la fratrie et du niveau socio-économique de la famille. Cette population de frères et sœurs adolescents a été décrite d’abord globalement puis en fonction de la sévérité de l’autisme. À partir de cette description, nous avons calculé le nombre de sujets nécessaire à inclure dans une étude de comparaison ultérieure dont l’objectif sera d’apprécier l’impact de la sévérité de l’autisme sur le développement (social et autonomie) et la qualité de vie de ces adolescents. De plus, sur cette population, nous avons obtenu des résultats qui indiqueraient que ces frères et sœurs auraient un développement de l’autonomie différent des adolescents de la population générale et qu’en particulier la taille de la fratrie influerait. Il semblerait également que la sévérité de l’autisme aurait un impact sur la qualité de vie de ces fratries. Ces résultats sont concordants avec les données de la littérature mais demandent à être confirmés par l’étude ultérieure.
Échelle d'évaluation du risque de récidive (ecarr). Étude de validation prospective d'une répétition d'accident
Authors: Marcelli Daniel , Ingrand Pierre , Ingrand Isabelle , Delamour Magali
Published: June 2011

Résumé L’accident est, de loin, la principale cause de morbidité et de mortalité dans la tranche d’âge des 15-24 ans. Concernant la mortalité, les accidents de circulation en sont la principale cause en France. Ce pays est d’ailleurs en Europe celui qui présente un des taux les plus élevés. Parmi ces jeunes accidentés, un nombre conséquent (30 à 50 %) aura une récidive dans l’année suivant le premier accident. Ainsi, au sein des services d’urgences, de nombreux adolescents admis suite à un accident s’inscrivent manifestement dans une logique de répétition. L’objectif du présent travail est de proposer une échelle d’évaluation permettant de repérer parmi les divers adolescents accidentés ceux qui sont principalement à risque de récidive. La présente étude a porté sur une population de 350 adolescents venant consulter aux urgences à la suite d’un accident quelle qu’en soit la nature et quelle qu’en soit la gravité. L’Échelle d’évaluation des circonstances de l’accident et du risque de récidive ( ecarr ), échelle de douze items qui a été spécialement conçue à cette intention, a été proposée à tous ces adolescents lors de l’accident initial (accident index). Sur cette population de 350 jeunes, presque la moitié (46 %) aura dans les deux ans qui suivent une répétition d’accident, laquelle survient souvent dans les quelques mois suivant l’accident initial. Le score ecarr était pour tous les adolescents, à l’inclusion, de 4,3. En revanche, ce score n’était que de 3,9 chez les adolescents indemnes de récidive et était d’autant plus élevé que la récidive était précoce et qu’il s’agissait d’accidents de circulation (score ecarr pour les adolescents ayant des récidives d’accident de circulation : 6,2). Ainsi, l’échelle ecarr permet de repérer les adolescents à risque de récidive précoce, accident pour lequel existe manifestement un lien entre l’événement initial et sa répétition. Un score supérieur ou égal à 5 semble ainsi prédicteur d’une répétition précoce d’accident, résultat particulièrement probant dans le cas des accidents de circulation. À partir de ces constatations, il serait hautement souhaitable d’envisager pour tous les adolescents présentant un score égal ou supérieur à 5 à l’échelle ecarr un suivi régulier afin, si possible, de réduire la fréquence de ces récidives.
The Elder Justice Act
Authors: Alford Dolores M.
Published: June 2011

The Elder Justice Act (
a part of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010
) focuses on the development of a comprehensive mechanism to “prevent, detect, treat, intervene in, and prosecute elder abuse, neglect, and exploitation.” Elements of the Act that offer opportunities for nurses to demonstrate their advocacy role on behalf of older adults include (a) participating in the training of ombudsmen and/or becoming an ombudsman; (b) serving on the Elder Justice Act’s Advisory Board on Elder Abuse, Neglect, and Exploitation; (c) working in either a stationary or mobile forensic center dedicated to addressing elder abuse; (d) having an active role in the curriculum design and implementation of degree and certificate programs to build competency in gerontology and gerontological nursing; and (e) providing consultation to long-term care facilities in the areas of staff recruitment and quality of care.
Treatment of Acute Unstable Distal Clavicle Fractures with Single Coracoclavicular Suture Fixation
Authors: Yang Shan-Wei , Lin Li Chun , Chang Shwu Jen , Kuo Shyh Ming , Hwang Lain-Chyr
Published: June 2011

Distal clavicular fractures are less common than fractures involving the middle third of the clavicle. For Neer type IIb distal clavicular unstable fractures associated with disruption of the coracoclavicular ligament, surgical treatment is indicated because of the high risk of nonunion. Various surgical methods can be found in the literature, but no gold standard has been established. We treated 29 consecutive adult patients with unstable distal clavicular fracture with single coracoclavicular suture fixation by using single Mersilene tape (Ethicon, Somerville, New Jersey) and without repair of the torn coracoclavicular ligament or hardware implantation.

Twenty-eight patients were followed for at least 46 months (mean, 57.3 months). All fractures healed without further treatment, with a mean time to union of 14.3 weeks. There was no major morbidity, but 2 minor complications occurred. One patient experienced a frozen shoulder on the treated side postoperatively. After adequate rehabilitation, the symptom resolved without any complications at final follow-up. Another patient reported uncomfortable skin tenting due to subcutaneous protrusion of the suture node of the Mersilene tape. After simple subcutaneous surgical removal of the node under local anesthesia, the discomfort resolved. Mean University of California Los Angeles shoulder rating score was 34 (range, 29–35). Twenty patients had excellent results and 8 had good results. All patients resumed their previous levels of activity.
Chemoprophylaxis Without Intra-Articular Wound Drainage Can Replace Autotransfusion in Primary TKA
Authors: Hourlier Hervé , Fennema Peter
Published: June 2011

We compared outcomes in 2 groups undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with different blood-saving strategies (ie, chemoprophylaxis vs reinfusion). We hypothesized that chemoprophylaxis would lead to reduced blood loss and fewer transfusions, with no increase in associated complications. Group A was a prospective series of 91 consecutive cemented TKAs undertaken with chemoprophylaxis to reduce bleeding and blood allogeneic exposure. Group B consisted of 44 historical TKAs undertaken with postoperative reinfusion. With the exception of mean patient age (group A, 74.3 years; group B, 70.9 years;
P
=.006), there were no statistically significant differences between the 2 study groups.

Mean total blood loss throughout the 7-day perioperative period was 1490 mL in group A and 1828 mL in group B. The rate of blood transfusion in group A was almost zero. In group B, 41 of 44 patients were administered blood intravenously. Despite the absence of autotransfusion, postoperative hemoglobin levels were significantly higher in group A than in group B. No major bleeding complications emerged in the immediate postoperative period in either group.

Chemoprophylaxis proved superior to reinfusion at decreasing blood transfusion requirements in the routine daily setting of unilateral cemented primary TKA.
Palmar Locking Plates for Corrective Osteotomy of Latent Malunion of Dorsally Tilted Distal Radial Fractures Without Structural Bone Grafting
Authors: Tarng Yih-Wen , Yang Shan-Wei , Hsu Chien-Jen
Published: June 2011

The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the clinical and radiological outcomes following corrective osteotomy for nascent malunion of distal radial fractures with dorsal tilt using palmar-locking plates without using autologous structural bone grafting for dorsal cortex support. The fractures were dorsally angulated distal radial fractures (AO types A2, A3, and C1) with neglected or delayed treatment for 5 to 8 weeks. Fractures were repaired using 2.4-mm palmar locking plates. Dorsal cortical defects at the osteotomy sites were filled with incipient healing callus. Radiographs were obtained before correction and at 2 and 6 weeks and 3, 4.5, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Palmar tilt, radial inclination, and ulnar variance were measured. There were no cases of loss reduction, implant failure, or delayed fracture union without structural bone graft and casting. Clinical assessments included active range of motion of the wrist and function based on the Mayo Wrist Score. Even with wrist immobilization for >1 month preoperatively, all patients had excellent Mayo Wrist Scores at 4.5 months due to early postoperative rehabilitation. No further changes were apparent between 4.5- and 12-month follow-up.

The palmar locking plates provided sufficient stability for corrective osteotomy within 8 weeks of injury without the need for structural bone grafting. Furthermore, casting immobilization was also unnecessary, and a good wrist range of motion was restored early after rehabilitation.
Proximal Humerus Shaft Fracture After Pectoralis Major Tendon Rupture Repair
Authors: Silverstein Jeff A. , Goldberg Ben , Wolin Preston
Published: June 2011

Surgical repair of a complete pectoralis major tendon rupture at the humeral insertion has superior results compared to nonoperative treatment. To our knowledge, a proximal humerus shaft fracture occurring at the site of the bone trough and cortical drill holes after a pectoralis major tendon rupture repair has not been reported in the literature.

A 45-year-old man sustained an acute left pectoralis major tendon rupture at the humeral insertion while performing a bench press maneuver. He underwent acute surgical repair. Approximately 8 weeks postoperatively, the patient fell from a standing height and sustained a proximal humerus shaft fracture through the repair site at the bone trough. Three days after the fracture, the patient underwent open reduction and internal fixation of the proximal humerus shaft fracture and exploration of the pectoralis major tendon repair. The fracture was found to be at the level of the repair site, and the pectoralis major tendon was completely intact to the distal fragment. The fracture healed uneventfully, and the patient regained full motion and strength of his extremity with no limitations.

Any type of surgical fixation that creates a hole in the humerus or decreases the cross-sectional area such as a bone trough creates a stress riser. Patients undergoing pectoralis tendon repair that involves violating the humerus with a bone trough or hole have a slight risk of postoperative humerus fracture, especially if sustaining an early traumatic event such as a fall.
Symptomatic Spinal Epidural Lipomatosis with Severe Obesity at a Young Age
Authors: Ohba Tetsuro , Saito Toshiki , Kawasaki Nobuchika , Maekawa Shingo , Haro Hirotaka
Published: June 2011

Symptomatic spinal epidural lipomatosis is a rare disorder characterized by overgrowth of fat in the extradural space. Most patients have an underlying endocrine disorder, such as Cushing’s syndrome, or have taken exogenous steroids chronically. Although less common, obesity alone is thought to be a cause of spinal epidural lipomatosis, representing <25% of reported cases. Patients rarely become symptomatic before middle age without chronic exogenous steroid use. The usual clinical manifestations are similar to degenerative lumbar stenosis with neurogenic claudication, resulting in decreased walking and standing endurance with variable neurological deficits.

This article describes 2 unique cases of spinal epidural lipomatosis, both in young patients with underlying morbid obesity who presented with acute progressive leg weakness and urinary retention. The patients had no underlying endocrinopathy, nor any history of exogenous steroid use. They underwent emergency laminectomy and removal of epidural fat, and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of epidural lipomatosis. Postoperatively, the patients demonstrated significant improvement.

We conducted a review of the available English literature and compared the age distribution in each group. Based on our review, our 2 patients are considerably younger than those in past reports, especially in the patient group to which the steroid was not administered. In addition, few cases exist of spinal epidural lipomatosis with acute sphincter dysfunction and paraparesis. Our cases suggest that morbid obesity can lead to juvenile spinal epidural lipomatosis with acute neurological changes.
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy for the Treatment of Infected Wounds with Exposed Knee Joint After Patellar Fracture
Authors: Lee Sang Yang , Niikura Takahiro , Miwa Masahiko , Sakai Yoshitada , Oe Keisuke , Fukazawa Takahiro , Kawakami Yohei , Kurosaka Masahiro
Published: June 2011

Treatment of soft tissue defects with exposed bones and joints, resulting from trauma, infection, and surgical complications, represents a major challenge. The introduction of negative pressure wound therapy has changed many wound management practices. Negative pressure wound therapy has recently been used in the orthopedic field for management of traumatic or open wounds with exposed bone, nerve, tendon, and orthopedic implants. This article describes a case of a patient with a large soft tissue defect and exposed knee joint, in which negative pressure wound therapy markedly improved wound healing. A 50-year-old man presented with an ulceration of his left knee with exposed joint, caused by severe wound infections after open reduction and internal fixation of a patellar fracture. After 20 days of negative pressure wound therapy, a granulated wound bed covered the exposed bones and joint.

To our knowledge, this is the first report of negative pressure wound therapy used in a patient with a large soft tissue defect with exposed knee joint. Despite the chronic wound secondary to infection, healing was achieved through the use of the negative pressure wound therapy, thus promoting granulation tissue formation and closing the joint. We suggest negative pressure wound therapy as an alternative option for patients with lower limb wounds containing exposed bones and joints when free flap transfer is contraindicated. Our result added to the growing evidence that negative pressure wound therapy is a useful adjunctive treatment for open wounds around the knee joint.
Report of Survey Results for Newly Licensed Registered Nurses in Washington State
Authors: Hirsch Anne M.
Published: June 2011

Current projections for the need for nurses in Washington state are based on an increase in the need for health care, the aging of the population, and the inability of the nursing educational institutions to supply adequate numbers of graduates. Yet many new graduates are providing anecdotal evidence that they cannot find a job in nursing. This study gathered information regarding the employment of newly licensed registered nurses in Washington between May 2009 and August 2010. Questionnaires were administered to a randomly selected sample of 2,200 newly licensed nurses; 532 responses were returned. Nearly 81% reported current employment as a registered nurse and 69.5% reported that they were very or somewhat satisfied with their employment situation. The job search strategies, type of job sought, and factors contributing to their success are reported. Factors contributing to the success of their job search and to job dissatisfaction are explored.
The Diversity Pyramid: An Organizational Model to Structure Diversity Recruitment and Retention in Nursing Programs
Authors: Rosenberg Lisa , O’Rourke Marilyn E.
Published: June 2011

The literature on increasing the diversity of individuals who enter and practice the nursing profession comes with sound argument, yet we have seen only modest gains in diversification over the past 10 years. This article addresses how to develop a sustainable program to increase the recruitment and retention of underrepresented students. The diversity pyramid is suggested as a conceptual planning model for increasing diversity that is matched to an institution and its resources. The foundation of the pyramid is an organizational commitment to attracting and retaining diverse students. The middle level addresses financial support for underrepresented students. From the top of the pyramid, one chooses appropriate media and relational tactics necessary to attract the underrepresented students a program seeks. All three elements of the pyramid—organizational commitment to diversity, significant financial support, and a targeted use of resources—play important and sequential roles in building a sustainable diversity initiative.
Course Facilitators Assisting Accelerated Nursing Students: A Literature Review
Authors: Neill Mark A.
Published: June 2011

Nursing education is now well established within the tertiary sector. Globally, recent years have seen the implementation of numerous admission pathways to a nursing degree, enabling applicants from varying backgrounds to enter the nursing profession. A major catalyst for these pathways has been to address the perennial shortage in the nursing workforce. The accelerated pathway is one such admission avenue where students possessing a degree in a discipline other than nursing qualify for admission and complete the degree in a condensed time. Students commence these courses equipped with a skills base developed from life experiences and previous tertiary study. These are used as facilitators throughout accelerated education to enhance course negotiation and performance. Minimal research is available exploring these course facilitators. This literature review examines the existent research to deepen an understanding of these facilitators described as unique to accelerated students. Implications for nursing education and nursing research are discussed.
Audio Feedback for Student Writing in Online Nursing Courses: Exploring Student and Instructor Reactions
Authors: Wood Kathryn A. , Moskovitz Cary , Valiga Theresa M.
Published: June 2011

Because scientific writing is an essential skill for advanced practice nurses, it is an important component of graduate education. Faculty typically provide written feedback about student writing, but this may not be the most effective choice for the distance-learning environment. This exploratory pilot study’s aim was to compare spoken, recorded feedback with written feedback in three areas: which approach do students perceive as providing more useful guidance; which approach helps students feel more connected to the course; and which approach do instructors prefer? Students enrolled in an evidence-based practice graduate-level course received asynchronous audio feedback on their written assignments instead of the written feedback they received in other courses. Results from a survey completed by 30 students at completion of the course suggest a strong preference for audio feedback. This pilot study suggests that audio feedback may be preferable to written comments for distance learning courses.
Drug Therapies for Tardive Dyskinesia: Part 2
Authors: Howland Robert H.
Published: June 2011

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a serious complication associated with the long-term use of dopamine receptor-blocking drugs. No drugs are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treating TD. A number of drugs appear to have some benefit for its treatment, including branched-chain amino acids, piracetam (Nootropil
®
, Nootrop
®
, Nootropyl
®
), clonazepam (Klonopin
®
), levetiracetam (Keppra
®
), propranolol (Inderal
®
), and clonidine (Catapres
®
), and they would be clinically reasonable to try. Gabapentin (Neurontin
®
and others) has a good safety profile and would be appropriate to consider, although no controlled trials confirm its efficacy. The efficacy of ginkgo biloba should be balanced against its safety concerns. Essential fatty acids have not been shown to be effective. Antioxidant therapies, including vitamin E, melatonin, and vitamin B
6
, could conceivably be used together with other drug therapies for the treatment of TD.
Refractive Lens Exchange With Toric Intraocular Lenses in Keratoconus
Authors: Jaimes Martha , Xacur-García Fiona , Alvarez-Melloni Diana , Graue-Hernández Enrique O. , Ramirez-Luquín Tito , Navas Alejandro
Published: June 2011

PURPOSE:

To report the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of patients with nonprogressive keratoconus treated with in-the-bag toric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.

METHODS:

A retrospective review was conducted of the medical records of patients diagnosed with keratoconus treated with refractive lens exchange (RLE) and in-the-bag toric IOL implantation (models T3 to T9, AcrySof SN60TT; Alcon Laboratories Inc). Age, pre- and postoperative uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), objective and subjective refraction, spherical equivalent refraction, total keratometric power, total astigmatism, axis, and toric IOL model and power were analyzed. All cases had topographic and/or refractive stability for at least 1 year prior to undergoing IOL implantation.

RESULTS:

Nineteen eyes of 13 patients (mean age 48.15±6.6 years), including 12 patients with a topographic diagnosis of keratoconus and 1 with pellucid marginal degeneration, were evaluated. Mean follow-up after RLE was 7.89±6.61 months. Mean preoperative sphere was −5.25±6.40 diopters (D), and mean postoperative sphere was 0.22±1.01 D (
P
<.001). Mean preoperative cylinder was 3.95±1.30 D, which decreased to 1.36±1.17 D postoperatively (
P
<.001). Mean pre- and postoperative spherical equivalent refractions were −7.10±6.41 D and −0.46±1.12 D, respectively (
P
<.001). Preoperative mean UDVA was 1.35±0.36 D (20/447 Snellen) and postoperative mean UDVA was 0.29±0.23 D (20/39 Snellen) (
P
<.001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Toric IOL implantation may be an effective therapeutic option in the optical rehabilitation of patients with stable and nonprogressive keratoconus.
The Effect ofMycobacterium aviumComplex Infections on RoutineMycobacterium bovisDiagnostic Tests
Authors: Barry Claire , Corbett David , Bakker Douwe , Andersen Peter , McNair Jim , Strain Sam
Published: June 2011

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is diagnosed in naturally infected populations exposed to a wide variety of other pathogens. This study describes the cell-mediated immune responses of cattle exposed toMycobacterium aviumsubspeciesparatuberculosis(Map) andMycobacterium aviumsubspeciesaviumwith particular reference to routine antefmortemMycobacterium bovisdiagnostic tests. The IFN-γreleased in response to stimulated blood was found to peak later in the Map-exposed group and was more sustained when compared to the Maa-exposed group. There was a very close correlation between the responses to the purified protein derivatives (PPD) used for stimulation (PPDa, PPDb, and PPDj) with PPDa and PPDj most closely correlated. On occasion, in the Map-infected cattle, PPDb-biased responses were seen compared to PPDa suggesting that some Map-infected cattle could be misclassified asM. bovisinfected using this test with these reagents. This bias was not seen when PPDj was used. SICCT results were consistent with the respective infections and all calves would have been classed skin test negative.
Phase I/II Clinical Trials Using Gene-Modified Adult Hematopoietic Stem Cells for HIV: Lessons Learnt
Authors: Mitsuyasu Ronald T. , Zack Jerome A. , Macpherson Janet L. , Symonds Geoff P.
Published: June 2011

Gene therapy for individuals infected with HIV has the potential to provide a once-only treatment that will act to reduce viral load, preserve the immune system, and mitigate cumulative toxicities associated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The authors have been involved in two clinical trials (phase I and phase II) using gene-modified adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and these are discussed as prototypic trials within the general field of HSC gene therapy trials for HIV. Taken as a group these trials have shown (i) the safety of both the procedure and the anti-HIV agents themselves and (ii) the feasibility of the approach. They point to the requirement for (i) the ability to transduce and infuse as many as possible gene-containing HSC and/or (ii) high engraftment andin vivoexpansion of these cells, (iii) potentially increased efficacy of the anti-HIV agent(s) and (iv) automation of the cell processing procedure.
Leaching ofMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisin Soil underIn VitroConditions
Authors: Raizman Eran A. , Habteselassie Mussie Y. , Wu Ching C. , Lin Tsang L. , Negron M. , Turco Ronald F.
Published: June 2011

Mycobacterium aviumsubspparatuberculosis(Map), the causative agent of Johne's disease, has a robust ability to survive in the environment. However, the ability of Map to migrate through soil to drainage tiles or ground water, leave the farm, and leak into local watersheds is inadequately documented. In order to assess the ability of Map to leach through soil, two laboratory experiments were conducted. In the first study, 8 columns (30 cm long each) of a sandy loam soil were treated with pure cultures of Map. Two soil moisture levels and two Map concentrations were used. The columns were leached with 500 mL of water once a week for three weeks, the leachate was collected, and detection analysis was conducted. In the second experiment, manure from Map negative cows (control) and Map high shedder cows (treatment) were deposited on 8 similar columns and the columns were leached with 500 mL of water once a week for four weeks. Map detection and numeration in leachate samples were done with RT-PCR and culture techniques, respectively. Using RT-PCR, Map could be detected in the leachates in both experiments for several weeks but could only be recovered using culture techniques in experiment one. Combined, these experiments indicate the potential for Map to move through soil as a result of rainfall or irrigation following application.
Depression and Anxiety in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure: The Effect of Sociodemographic Characteristics
Authors: Theofilou Paraskevi
Published: June 2011

“Do the sociodemographic characteristics relate to the levels of depression and anxiety in patients with chronic renal failure in Athens?” The study investigated in a group of renal disease patients differences referring to self-reported mental health, depression, and anxiety, after controlling for gender, age, education, and marital status. Patient-reported assessments included General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) of Goldberg, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI I & II) of Spielberger. Female patients reported higher scores in thetrait anxietymeasure. Elder patients reported higher scores in the GHQ-28 subscale ofsocial dysfunctionand in the CES-Ddepressionscale, while less educated patients presented higher scores in the GHQ-28 subscales ofanxiety/insomniaandsevere depression. Divorced/widowed patients presented higher scores in thesevere depressionsubscale. Findings provide evidence that sociodemographic variables, like being older, less educated, and divorced/widowed, relate to a more compromised mental health.
Toute décolonisation est une réussite: Les damnés de la terre and the African Spring
Authors: Alessandrini Anthony C.
Published: June 2011

I’m certainly not alone in noting that the year 2011 brings, for those of us who are students of the work of Frantz Fanon, two different anniversaries. This year marks the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of Les damnés de la terre, Fanon’s final book and, for many, his most lasting achievement. But it also marks the fiftieth anniversary of Fanon’s death: he died, tragically young, on December 6, 1961, not long after the book’s publication. It is no exaggeration to say that Les damnés de la terre was composed by Fanon from his deathbed, and that he was well aware that he was racing death as he rushed to complete the manuscript, as his publisher François Maspero remarked, “in pitiful haste.” Fanon had managed to complete it by July, although, as he told a friend, “I should have liked to have written something more.” As David Macey notes in his indispensable biography, “Fanon did see copies of his last book, but for its first readers, Les damnés de la terre was a posthumous work.” The book and Fanon’s death thus come to us bound inextricably together, fifty years later. So it would seem that we have an anniversary to celebrate (and in doing so, we would thus be celebrating the continuing relevance of a classic work, as this special issue intends us to do), but also a death to mourn. If I proceed to make a suggestion that will seem at first to be the height of perversity, let me preface it by saying that this suggestion is occasioned by what I believe to be Fanon’s greatest legacy, a legacy of unsparing intellectual and political commitment. For I want to begin by suggesting that this year brings us the mournful fact that fifty years on, Les damnés de la terre remains, in many ways, as relevant to our contemporary world as it was in 1961; but conversely, the anniversary of Fanon’s death offers us a cause for celebration.
Corps à corps: Frantz Fanon's Erotics of National Liberation
Authors: Renault Matthieu
Published: June 2011

In this short essay, I will endeavour to show that Frantz Fanon’s well-known conception of struggles for national liberation is intimately linked to an erotics of liberation. This one takes its roots in a shift, or better a reversal, of theories of racism. As Etienne Balibar argues, “racism,” as a category, appears at mid 19th century, especially under the aegis of the UNESCO, as a break with the conceptions of “race,” considered to be a pure “myth” or “prejudice.” A better example of such an epistemological rupture is probably Sartre’s Antisemite and Jew and its motto: “the Jew is a man whom other men consider a Jew…it is the anti-Semite who makes the Jew.” In other words, race is nothing but the product of racism. The biological arguments that underlie the theories of race are “false” arguments inasmuch as they depend on ideological and/or psychological premises.
Monstrosity and the Limits of the Intellect: Philosophy as Teratomachy in Descartes
Authors: Luchesse Filippo Del
Published: June 2011

For Descartes, nature must be interpreted through a limited number of simple laws used to describe the multiplicity of the real, focusing on the rule and normality rather than on the exception and monstrosity. Nevertheless, monstrosity has a vital function in Descartes' philosophy. By offering a new reading of the evil genius and the deceiver God in terms of absolute monstrosity, I intend to demonstrate the novel role played by the will in this philosophical ‘teratomachy’. Examining the peculiar status Admiration occupies in the economy of the passions, I also analyze a passage from the Cogitationes circa generatione animalium, the only text in which Descartes explicitly discusses physical monstrosities. I argue that these pages, in which Descartes subscribes to a rigidly mechanistic, epigenetic view of embryology, are in tension with his doctrine of final causes and the idea of continuous creation. My theory is that the entire philosophy of Descartes can be read as a veritable war against a certain idea of monstrosity.
Self-Determination in Regional Human Rights Law: From Kosovo to Cameroon
Authors: Shelton Dinah
Published: June 2011

The right of self-determination has long been celebrated for bringing independence and self-government to oppressed groups, yet it remains a highly controversial norm of international law. From the breakup of the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires after World WarI to the struggle of colonial territories for independence following World War II and the later dissolution of the former Yugoslavia, there has been an unavoidable conflict between the efforts of peoples to achieve independence and the demands of existing states to preserve their territorial integrity.
The Legal Effects of United Nations Resolutions in theKosovoAdvisory Opinion
Authors: Öberg Marko Divac
Published: June 2011

As the international community waited for the International Court of Justice (the Court) to deliver its advisory opinion of July 22, 2010, commentators wondered whether the Court would skirt difficult issues by adopting a narrow reading of the question put to it. While the Court's ruling inAccordance with International Law of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence in Respect of Kosovodid turn out to be limited, the opinion contributes significantly to the Court's jurisprudence on the legal effects of United Nations resolutions.
Detention Operations in Contemporary Conflicts: Four Challenges for The Geneva Conventions and Other Existing Law
Authors: Bellinger John B. , Padmanabhan Vijay M.
Published: June 2011

In September 2010, President Jakob Kellenberger of the International Committee for the Red Cross (ICRC) summarized the conclusions of a two-year, internal ICRC study of changes that have occurred in the nature of armed conflict since the signing of the Geneva Conventions in 1949, and he also suggested how international humanitarian law (IHL) should respond to those changes. In a previous address marking the sixtieth anniversary of the Geneva Conventions, Kellenberger had observed that in the place of traditional conflicts between state-sponsored armies on a battlefield, modern conflicts frequently involve nonstate actors, such as terrorist groups—a development that has blurred the line between civilians and combatants, and created challenges for IHL. The ICRC study concluded that IHL generally provides a suitable legal framework for regulating armed conflict.
State Weakness, Irregular Warfare, and the Right to Self-Defense Post-9/11
Authors: Reinold Theresa
Published: June 2011

Sovereign states have a responsibility not only to protect their own citizens, but also to protect— within their own territory—the rights and fundamental security interests of other states. Many states around the world, however, lack the resources to do so. Unable to exercise effective territorial control, these weak states frequently become safe havens for terrorist networks and other irregular groups. Yet the lack of such control is not the only reason for the existence of safe havens around the world; in some cases, the problem is not the host state's inability, but rather its unwillingness, to prevent irregular activity on its territory. The present article analyzes the challenges posed to the jus ad bellum resulting from both types of safe-haven scenarios: states that are unable, and those that are unwilling, to exercise control.
Evaluación del Uso de Melaza en Dietas Para Cerdos en Crecimiento y Engorde
Authors: Escobar Carvajal Johanna Elizabeth , Macías Mock Melina Damaris , Castillo Rogel , Vélez Miguel
Published: June 2011

En la producción moderna de cerdos, la alimentación representa del 70 a 80% de los costos. En zonas tropicales que no tienen ventajas comparativas para producir cereales, pueden utilizar alternativas alimenticias como papa, yuca, malanga, camote, caña de azúcar, melaza y otros subproductos agro-industriales. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de cuatro niveles de melaza en la dieta de cerdos en las etapas de crecimiento y engorde. El estudio se realizó entre enero y mayo de 2005 en la Escuela Agrícola Panamericana, Honduras. Se utilizaron cuatro grupos de 30 cerdos cada uno, con peso promedio de 27 kg en la etapa de crecimiento y de 48 kg en la etapa de engorde, los cerdos eran cruces de Landrace, Yorkshire, Duroc y cruce con verracos híbridos de la empresa PIC. Los tratamientos fueron 0, 10, 20 ó 30% de melaza en la dieta para ambas etapas. Se utilizó un Diseño Completamente al Azar, con cuatro tratamientos y tres repeticiones. Se realizó un Análisis de Varianza mediante el Modelo Lineal General (GLM), con una probabilidad menor a 0.05. Los cerdos que recibieron la dieta con 0% de melaza tuvieron una mayor ganancia de peso (781 g/cerdo/día) que los que recibieron melaza, no se encontraron diferencias entre los tratamientos en el consumo de alimento ni en el índice de conversión alimenticia en la etapa de crecimiento. En la etapa de engorde no se encontraron diferencias significativas (P> 0.05) para ninguna de las variables evaluadas. Es posible alimentar cerdos con dietas que contengan hasta un 30% de melaza sin alterar el rendimiento en canal, grasa dorsal ni área del lomo. Los costos de alimentación se pueden reducir hasta un 22% en dietas con 30% de melaza para la etapa de crecimiento y 24% en la etapa de engorde, sin embargo, el mayor margen sobre el costo de alimentación encontrado fue en dietas con 20%.Palabras clave: Área de lomo, desempeño animal, grasa dorsal, rendimiento de canal DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/ceiba.v47i1-2.441 Ceiba, 2006. Volumen 47(1-2):3-9
Propagación in Vitro de Stevia rebaudiana B. a Partir de Segmentos Nodales
Authors: Espinal de Rueda Dinie , Delvalle Wilma , Cifuentes Esteban , Ramia Nelson C.
Published: June 2011

La Stevia rebaudiana B. es la única planta que se conoce que produce edulcorante natural no calórico denominado steviósido, el cual es 300 veces más dulce que el azúcar de caña. Este estudio fue realizado con el propósito de establecer un protocolo de producción in vitro del cultivo a partir de segmentos nodales, así como establecer un costo por planta propagada. En la etapa de establecimiento se evaluó la consistencia del medio (sólido o líquido), la concentración de macroelementos Murashige y Skoog (MS) (50 ó 100%), el tipo de citocinina (kinetina o 6- bencilaminopurina) y la cantidad de cada citocinina (0, 2, 4, ó 6 μM/L) en un medio basal de MS. El mayor tamaño de brotes resultó en el medio líquido MS con 50% de macroelementos y 6 μM de bencilaminopurina (BAP). En la etapa de multiplicación este tratamiento fue sometido a tres cantidades de kinetina (2, 4 ó 6 μM) para inducir más brotes y crecimiento. Para esta etapa, el mejor resultado se obtuvo en el medio con 6 μM de kinetina. Las pruebas para el enraizamiento in vitro de las vitroplantas se realizaron en un medio basal de MS con tres tipos de auxina: ácido indoleacético (AIA), ácido indolebutírico (AIB) o ácido naftaleneacético (ANA) y cinco concentraciones para cada tipo de auxina; la mayor cantidad y la mejor calidad de raíces se obtuvo utilizando 0.5 mg/L de ANA a los 15 días después de su inducción. Las plantas más altas y el mayor número de plantas aclimatadas se obtuvieron usando microtúneles en bolsa plásticas y con un substrato compuesto por Pro-Mix ‘BX’:arena (1:1). Bajo condiciones de laboratorio, a partir de un explante que se establezca en la Etapa I o de establecimiento se obtiene aproximadamente 8,000 vitroplantas listas para aclimatación, empleando una tasa de multiplicación de 6, a un costo promedio de $ 1.69 por vitroplanta aclimatada. Palabras clave: Aclimatación; cultivo de tejidos; edulcorante natural; hierba dulce; micropropagación; microtúneles   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/ceiba.v47i1-2.442 Ceiba, 2006. Volumen 47(1-2):11-18
Efecto del pH del Agua en la Efectividad de los Herbicidas Glifosato, Fluazifop-p-butil y Bentazon
Authors: Gómez Vargas José María , Pitty Abelino , Miselem José María
Published: June 2011

Se realizaron tres experimentos para evaluar el efecto del pH del agua de aplicación sobre la eficacia de los herbicidas posemergentes Glifosato (sal monoamónica en la formulación Roundup Max® 680 SG), Fluazifop-p-butil ester (Fusilade 12.5 EC®) y Bentazon (sal sódica en la formulación Basagran 48 EC®).  Cada herbicida fue un experimento y con cada herbicida se usó un pH de 8.50, 6.50 ó 4.50 del agua de aplicación, cada pH fue usado con la dosis del herbicida recomendada (100%) y 75% de la dosis recomendada por el fabricante para el control de la maleza evaluada, además, hubo un testigo que no fue aplicado con herbicida ni se usó en el análisis estadístico. La variable medida fue el porcentaje de control de malezas; para Glifosato y Fluazifop-p-butil la maleza aplicada fue la estrella africana (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst), para Bentazon fue la flor amarilla (Melampodium divaricatum [Rich.] DC). Con Glifosato se utilizaron 2500 y 1870 g a.e./ha; no se encontró diferencia estadística entre los tres pH del agua (α>0.05). Al añadir Roundup Max® 680 SG al agua, el pH baja a niveles entre 4.03 y 4.13, independientemente de si el pH inicial del agua era 8.50, 6.50 ó 4.50, indicación que esta formulación de Glifosato tiene un regulador de pH. Con Fluazifop-p-butil se utilizaron 210 y 160 g i.a./ha y se encontró una reducción en el control de la maleza al usar agua con pH 8.5 con la cantidad de herbicida reducida a 75% (160 g i.a./ha) de la recomendada, con respecto al resto de los tratamientos; pero al usar la dosis recomendada no hubo diferencia del control de malezas causada por el pH del agua utilizada. Con Bentazon se encontraron diferencias en el control de Melampodium divaricatum; las aplicaciones con pH del agua de 4.50 y 8.50 y usando la cantidad de herbicida reducida a 75% (840 g i.a./ha) de la cantidad recomendada por el fabricante, tuvieron un control inferior al resto de los tratamientos, pero no hubo reducción en el control bajo ningún pH evaluado al usar la dosis recomendada. El pH del agua no influyó en el control de malezas, con ninguno de los herbicidas, al usar la dosis recomendada por los fabricantes.Palabras clave: Basagran 48 EC®; Fusilade 12.5 EC®; mezcla de aplicación; Roundup Max® 68 SG. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/ceiba.v47i1-2.443 Ceiba, 2006. Volumen 47(1-2):19-23
La Colección de Orquídeas del Herbario TEFH de Honduras
Authors: Nelson Sutherland Cyril H. , Ortiz Kafati Juan Carlos
Published: June 2011

El herbario "Cyril Hardy Nelson Sutherland" (TEFH) cuenta con una colección de 251 especies de orquídeas hasta octubre de 2006, de las cuales hay cinco que no son de Honduras. Son notables en la colección, Mormodes ephippilabia, endémica, dos colecciones de Salvador Calderón de El Salvador del año de 1923, que representan las más antiguas que se tienen en el herbario. También son notables las colecciones de J.B. Edwards de Honduras, las que fueron hechas entre 1931 y 1934, y son las más antiguas de Honduras en la colección de TEFH. Se tienen 17 géneros y 76 especies que Antonio Molina R. no menciona en su enumeración de las plantas de Honduras de 1975. Palabras clave: Colección; endemismo; exsiccatae; registros nuevos. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/ceiba.v48i1-2.312 Ceiba, 2007. Volumen 48(1-2):11-5
Solanum viarum Dunal (Solanaceae), Primer Reporte para Honduras
Authors: Díaz Rodrigo , Samayoa Ana C. , Overholt William A.
Published: June 2011

La maleza invasora Solanum viarum Dunal (Solanaceae) es reportada por primera vez para Honduras. La planta, nativa de Sudamérica, fue localizada en un estacionamiento de la Escuela Agrícola Panamericana, El Zamorano, Honduras, el 26 de noviembre de 2007.  Esta maleza es altamente invasora en pasturas debido a que el ganado puede transportar semillas en su tracto digestivo.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/ceiba.v49i1.300
Catálogo de las Especies de Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) en Honduras
Authors: Samayoa Ana Clariza , Cave Ronald D.
Published: June 2011

Se presenta un catálogo de las 107 especies de la familia Sphingidae en Honduras. Treinta y tres especies son registros nuevos para el país. Se reportan datos de distribución geográfica, estacionalidad de los adultos, y plantas hospederas de las larvas. Se analiza la diversidad de la familia en todos los departamentos nacionales, en cuatro parques nacionales, y por gradientes altitudinales. Fotografías de 76 especies son presentadas.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/ceiba.v49i1.301
Percepciones sobre programas de formación e institucionalidad en Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional (SAN) en Honduras
Authors: Ardón Carlos Roberto , Afonso Gallegos Ana
Published: June 2011

El hambre es un problema que afecta en la actualidad a más de 1,000 millones de personas en el mundo,  de los cuales 53 millones están en América Latina. Honduras no es ajena a ese problema, el 12% de su población no dispone de los alimentos suficientes para una vida saludable. En los últimos años, organizaciones de prestigio internacional han estudiado el problema y planteado diversas estrategias de solución; es vital el compromiso político de los estados y la participación de instituciones y personas con voluntad y capacidad de aplicar dichas estrategias en los territorios más desfavorecidos. Con el objetivo de conocer la situación en Honduras sobre programas de formación e institucionalidad en Seguridad Alimentaria Nutricional (SAN), se realizó un estudio de percepciones entre profesionales de distintos sectores y con vinculación comprobada con el tema. La educación superior en el país es considerada entre poco y nada pertinente con la SAN por la mayoría de los encuestados. Un alto porcentaje de ellos cree que se debe aumentar la oferta de formación en SAN y definen el nivel de pregrado como más importante. Existen diversas instancias de coordinación alrededor del tema y la mayoría visualiza diversos beneficios de las mismas, pero se necesita más  coordinación para  incidir a nivel de políticas públicas. La participación de las universidades en estos espacios es considerada poco relevante; sugiriendo que deberían jugar un rol más determinante, especialmente en la investigación y generación de información. Por la gravedad del problema y con el objetivo de una mayor sensibilización e integralidad de esfuerzos, además de la creación de programas específicos, se sugiere que la SAN sea abordada de manera transversal en el sistema educativo nacional.Palabras clave: Pertinencia educativa,  políticas públicas, seguridad alimentaria.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/ceiba.v50i1.190