bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical fatigue in microtubules
Authors: Nasrin Syeda Rubaiya , Bassir Kazeruni Neda M. , Rodriguez Juan B. , Tsitkov Stanislav , Kakugo Akira , Hess Henry
Published: November 2024

Mechanical failure of biological nanostructures due to sustained force application has been studied in great detail. In contrast, fatigue failure arising from repeated application of subcritical stresses has received little attention despite its prominent role in engineering and potentially biology. Here, paclitaxel-stabilized microtubules are up to 256 times bent into sinusoidal shapes of varying wavelength and the frequency of breaking events are observed. These experiments allow the calculation of fatigue life parameters for microtubules. Repeated buckling due to 12.5% compression–equal to the compression level experienced by microtubules in contracting cardiomyocytes – results in failure after in average 5 million cycles, whereas at 20.0% compression failure occurs after in average one thousand cycles. The fatigue strength (Basquin) exponent B is estimated as − 0.054±0.009.
Correlation of intratumoral mast cell quantity with psychosocial distress in patients with pancreatic cancer: the PancStress study
Authors: Sitte Alicia , Goess Ruediger , Tüfekçi Tutku , Pergolini Ilaria , Pfitzinger Paulo Leonardo , Salvo-Romero Eloísa , Mota Reyes Carmen , Tokalov Sergey , Safak Okan , Steenfadt Hendrik , Gürcinar Ibrahim H. , Yurteri Ümmügülsüm , Goebel-Stengel Miriam , Mazzuoli-Weber Gemma , Stengel Andreas , Erkan Mert , Friess Helmut , Istvanffy Rouzanna , Ceyhan Güralp Onur , Demir Elke , Demir Ihsan Ekin
Published: November 2024

Mast cells are commonly found in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), yet their role in the disease remains uncertain. Although mast cells have been associated with depression in several diseases, their connection to PDAC in this context remains unclear. This study explored the correlation between mast cells and psychosocial stress in patients with PDAC. Prior to surgery, 40 patients with PDAC (n = 29 primary resected, n = 11 neoadjuvant treated) completed four questionnaires assessing stress and quality of life. Immunostaining was performed on the resected tumor tissue. Spearman analysis was employed to correlate mast cells with distress and neuropeptides serotonin and beta-endorphin serum and tissue levels. Patients with PDAC exhibited elevated levels of distress and worry. Lower number of mast cells within the tumor correlated with greater psychological burden. Among primary resected patients, mast cell count moderately correlated with joy and inversely with worries. Following neoadjuvant chemotherapy, strong inverse correlation was observed between anxiety, depression, and mast cell quantity. No correlation was found between mast cells and serotonin or beta-endorphin levels. In summary, mast cell presence inversely correlates with psychosocial stress, suggesting a link between immune cells and psychological well-being in pancreatic cancer. Targeting mast cells might offer therapeutic avenues for addressing cancer-induced depression and anxiety.
FACSNet: Forensics aided content selection network for heterogeneous image steganalysis
Authors: Huang Siyuan , Zhang Minqing , Kong Yongjun , Ke Yan , Di Fuqiang
Published: November 2024

The main goal of image steganalysis, as a technique of confrontation with steganography, is to determine the presence or absence of secret information in conjunction with the specific statistical characteristics of the carrier. With the development of deep learning technology in recent years, the performance of steganography has been gradually enhanced. Especially for the complex reality environment, the image content is mixed and heterogeneous, which brings great challenges to the practical application of image steganalysis technology. In order to solve this problem, we design a forensics aided content selection network (FACSNet) for heterogeneous image steganalysis. Considering the heterogeneous situation of real images, a forensics aided module is introduced to pre-categorise the images to be tested, so that the network is able to detect different categories of images in a more targeted way. The complexity of the images is also further analysed and classified using the content selection module to train a more adapted steganalyser. By doing this, the network is allowed to achieve better performance in recognising and classifying the heterogeneous images for detection. Experimental results show that our designed FACSNet is able to achieve excellent detection performance in heterogeneous environments, improving the detection accuracy by up to 7.14% points, with certain robustness and practicality.
Intraarticular gold microparticles using hyaluronic acid as the carrier for hip osteoarthritis. A 2-year follow-up pilot study
Authors: Rasmussen Sten , Skjoldemose Emilie , Jørgensen Nia Kristine
Published: November 2024

We recently conducted a pilot study in which we discovered that introducing metallic gold microparticles into the knee joint can help reduce pain caused by osteoarthritis for up to two years. Additionally, we identified significant proteomic changes in the synovial fluid and serum within eight weeks of the procedure. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether there may be a clinical relevant effect of intra-articular injection of gold microparticles on hip osteoarthritis. A cohort of 22 patients, aged ≥ 18 years, with pain ≥ 3 months, and Kellgren-Lawrence OA grade 2–4, were included. Metallic gold 20 mg, 72.000 pieces, 20–40 µ-meter BerlockMicroImplants (BMI) were injected into the hip joint using hyaluronic acid as the carrier. In total, we treated 26 hip joints. The primary outcome was the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC). WOMAC pain decreased from 11 (2–20 to 3 (0–8), stiffness from 6 (0–8) to 1 (0–4), and activity from 43 (18–68) to 11 (0–27), all P = 0.0001. When adjusting for the minimally relevant differences, the P-values were 0.0015 for WOMAC pain, 0.26 for stiffness, and 0.011 for activity. Combined intraarticular treatment with metallic gold microparticles and hyaluronic acid may improve hip joint pain and function. Joint stiffness did not improve when assessed against the minimal clinically relevant difference. This study suggests a basis for a future placebo-controlled randomized trial of gold microparticles and hyaluronic acid in hip osteoarthritic patients.
Functional, physicochemical properties of sodium carbonate-soluble polysaccharides from the bulbs and foliage leaves of yellow and red onion
Authors: Marciniak Magdalena , Cieśla Jolanta , Szymańska-Chargot Monika , Cybulska Justyna , Zdunek Artur
Published: November 2024

The oil and water holding capacities, surface activity, and gelling ability of sodium carbonate-soluble pectin (NSP) extracted from the cell wall of bulb and foliage leaves of yellow and red onion (Allium cepa L.) were investigated and compared with those of commercial citrus pectin. Pectin chemical composition and properties its aqueous dispersions (e.g. the viscosity, pH) were studied. Homogalacturonan was the main component of the low-methoxylated pectin, with a small amount of rhamnogalacturonan I (more branched in the bulb pectin). Both the oil (35–41 g/gd.m.) and water (20 g/gd.m) holding capacities of NSP were higher than citrus pectin (1 and 17 g/gd.m, respectively). The surface activity of NSP was comparable (foliage leaves; surface tension (γ) decrease to 62 mN/m) or higher (bulb; γ decrease to 56 mN/m) than commercial pectin. The ability of NSP, especially extracted from the bulb, to form larger structures with increasing viscosity and neutralizing the negative surface charge, was significantly higher than that of citrus pectin. Therefore, NSP of bulb and foliage leaves may be useful as a carrier of oil- or water-soluble substances, a surface active agent, texturizer and gelling agent in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and agricultural branches of industry.
Computational multiphysics modeling of radioactive aerosol deposition in diverse human respiratory tract geometries
Authors: Bartol Ignacio R. , Graffigna Palomba Martin S. , Tano Mauricio E. , Dewji Shaheen A.
Published: November 2024

The evaluation of aerosol exposure relies on generic mathematical models that assume uniform particle deposition profiles over the human respiratory tract and do not account for subject-specific characteristics. Here we introduce a hybrid-automated computational workflow that generates personalized particle deposition profiles in 3D reconstructed human airways from computed tomography scans using Computational Fluid and Particle Dynamics simulations. This is the first large-scale study to consider realistic airways variability, where 380 lower and 40 upper human respiratory tract 3D geometries are reconstructed and parameterized. The data is clustered into nine groups using random forest regression. Computational fluid and particle dynamics simulations are conducted on these representative geometries using a realistic heavy-breathing respiratory cycle and radioactive iodine-131 as a source term. Monte Carlo radiation transport simulations are performed to obtain detailed energy deposition maps. Our findings emphasize the importance of personalized studies, as minor respiratory tract variations notably influence deposition patterns rather than global parameters of the lower airways, observing more than 30% variance in the mass deposition fraction.
Melatonin’s role in the timing of sleep onset is conserved in nocturnal mice
Authors: Kim Pureum , Garner Nicholas , Tatkovic Annaleis , Parsons Rex , Chunduri Prasad , Vukovic Jana , Piper Michael , Pfeffer Martina , Weiergräber Marco , Oster Henrik , Rawashdeh Oliver
Published: November 2024

Melatonin supplementation strengthens non‐restorative sleep rhythms and its temporal alignment in both humans and night-active rodents. Of note, although the sleep cycle is reversed in day-active and night-active (nocturnal) mammals, both, produce melatonin at night under the control of the circadian clock. The effects of exogenous melatonin on sleep and sleepiness are relatively clear, but its endogenous role in sleep, particularly, in timing sleep onset (SO), remains poorly understood. We show in nocturnal mice that the increases in mid-nighttime sleep episodes, and the mid-nighttime decline in activity, are coupled to nighttime melatonin signaling. Furthermore, we show that endogenous melatonin modulates SO by reducing the threshold for wake-to-sleep transitioning. Such link between melatonin and SO timing may explain phenomena such as increased sleep propensity in circadian rhythm sleep disorders and chronic insomnia in patients with severely reduced nocturnal melatonin levels. Our findings demonstrate that melatonin’s role in sleep is evolutionarily conserved, effectively challenging the argument that melatonin cannot play a major role in sleep regulation in nocturnal mammals, where the main activity phase coincides with high melatonin levels.
Molecular imprinting technology for electrochemical sensing of kasugamycin in food products based on Cu2+/Cu+ stripping current
Authors: Mahmoud Ashraf M. , Alqahtani Yahya S. , Al-qarni Ali O. , Ali Ramadan , El-Wekil Mohamed M.
Published: November 2024

A MIP-based electrochemical sensor was developed to enable sensitive and selective detection of non-oxidizable kasugamycin across various matrices. The detection mechanism relies on the signal generated by the Cu(ii)/Cu(i) redox system.
Recent advances in nanogels for drug delivery and biomedical applications
Authors: Vashist Arti , Perez Alvarez Gabriela , Andion Camargo Vianessa , Raymond Andrea D. , Arias Adriana Yndart , Kolishetti Nagesh , Vashist Atul , Manickam Pandiaraj , Aggarwal Saurabh , Nair Madhavan
Published: November 2024

Nanotechnology has shown great promise for researchers to develop efficient nanocarriers for better therapy, imaging, and sustained release of drugs.
Quantitative read-across structure–property relationship (q-RASPR): a novel approach to estimate the bioaccumulative potential for diverse classes of industrial chemicals in aquatic organisms
Authors: Bhattacharyya Prodipta , Samanta Pabitra , Kumar Ankur , Das Shubha , Ojha Probir Kumar
Published: November 2024

The Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) is used to evaluate the bioaccumulation potential of chemical substances in reference organisms, and it directly correlates with ecotoxicity.
Origin and suppression of dark current for high-performance colloidal quantum dot short-wave infrared photodetectors
Authors: Yan Yan , Liu Hong-Yu , Bian Le , Dai Yan-Yan , Zhang Bo-Ning , Xue Shuang-Mei , Zhou Ye , Xu Jian-Long , Wang Sui-Dong
Published: November 2024

This review discusses the dark current generation mechanisms and summarized the main strategies for suppressing dark current in colloidal quantum dot short-wave photodiodes. Conclusions and perspectives are provided as a guideline for this field.
Zr-NMOF tagged with heterobifunctionalized aptamers for highly sensitive, multiplexed and rapid imaging mass cytometry
Authors: Bao Kaiwen , Chen Xiaoxiang , Chen Rui , Gao Yingying , Dang Jingqi , He Jie , Yuan Ziqing , Li Yiyang , Divsalar Adeleh , Cheung Edwin , Shen Guangxia , Ding Xianting
Published: November 2024

Commercial IMC probes are limited in sensitivity. We synthesize Zr-NMOFs with aptamers to boost sensitivity and add four mass channels. Zr NMOF_Aptamer probes allow simultaneous fluorescence and IMC imaging on tissues for comprehensive analysis.
AACVD synthesized tungsten oxide-NWs loaded with osmium oxide as a gas sensor array: enhancing detection with PCA and ANNs
Authors: Santos-Betancourt Alejandro , Navarrete Èric , Cossement Damien , Bittencourt Carla , Llobet Eduard
Published: November 2024

This paper presents the fabrication of sensors based on tungsten trioxide nanowires decorated with osmium oxide nanoparticles using the aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD) technique.
A rapid and scalable method for visible light induced bromination of uracil derivatives in a falling film looping photoreactor
Authors: Naskar Shibu , Mal Susital , Shivangi Shivangi , Das Subrata
Published: November 2024

A catalyst and oxidant-free bromination of uracil derivatives has been developed using N-bromosuccinimide under visible light irradiation with successive scalability.
Nanostructure design of 3D printed materials through macromolecular architecture
Authors: Wu Di , Dev Vaibhav , Bobrin Valentin A. , Lee Kenny , Boyer Cyrille
Published: November 2024

Polymerization-induced microphase separation (PIMS) has been previously combined with 3D printing to develop customized nanostructured materials with a wide range of functional applications.
Pnictogen-based vanadacyclobutadiene complexes
Authors: Jafari Mehrafshan G. , Russell John B. , Myung Hwan , Kwon Seongyeon , Carroll Patrick J. , Gau Michael R. , Baik Mu-Hyun , Mindiola Daniel J.
Published: November 2024

The reactivity of a [VV] alkylidyne with unsaturated substrates such as NCR (R = Ad or Ph) and PCAd leads to the formation of rare transition metal complexes featuring an α-aza-vanadacyclobutadiene and a β-phospha-vanadacyclobutadiene moieties.
Developing microfluidic purification techniques for biodiesel production from recycled grease trap waste
Authors: Pham Thanh K. N. , Nguyen Trang T. , Van Duc Long Nguyen , Tran Nam Nghiep , Arshad Muhammad Yousaf , Sarafraz Mohammad Mohsen , Hessel Volker
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to investigate the desulphurisation of model biodiesel with thiophene using three solvents: sulfolane, ionic liquids ([BMIM]AlCl4, [BMIM]MSA), and deep eutectic solvents (choline chloride : phenol, ChCl : polyethylene glycol).
Src kinase slows collective rotation of confined epithelial cell monolayers
Authors: Pricoupenko Nastassia , Marsigliesi Flavia , Marcq Philippe , Blanch-Mercader Carles , Bonnet Isabelle
Published: November 2024

Using optogenetics and active matter modeling, we show that Src kinase activation slows collective rotation of epithelial cells, likely due to increased cell-substrate adhesion, highlighting the need for precise Src activity to maintain coordination.
Enhanced gravitational trapping of bottom-heavy Janus particles over parallel microgrooves
Authors: Wen Yan , Liu Jiayu , Wang Wei , Lai Pik-Yin , Tong Penger
Published: November 2024

We report a systematic study on the barrier-crossing dynamics of bottom-heavy self-propelled particles over a one-dimensional periodic potential landscape fabricated on a microgroove-patterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate.
Design and synthesis of a nickel–chromium alloy catalyst for hydrogen generation from hydrazine monohydrate
Authors: He Jing , Qiu Yuping , Qin Sihuan , Wang Ping
Published: November 2024

A combined theoretical and experimental study found that nickel–chromium alloying could significantly improve the activity and selectivity towards hydrogen generation from hydrazine monohydrate.
Vat photopolymerization of tantalum-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 electrolytes: a new Frontier in solid-state battery design
Authors: Karuppiah Diwakar , Komissarenko Dmitrii , Thakur Tamanna , Yüzbasi Nur Sena , Clemens Frank , Reisacher Elias , Kaya Pinar , Pikul James , Blugan Gurdial
Published: November 2024

Vat photopolymerization based 3D printing to fabricate Ta-doped LLZO electrolytes for solid state batteries, aiming to address limitations in traditional manufacturing methods.
Research progress in photocatalytic reduction of CO2 based on metal nanocluster materials
Authors: Liu Ming-yang , Guo Rui-tang , Liu Cong , Cui Heng-fei , Zhu Hao-wen , Pan Wei-guo
Published: November 2024

Converting CO2 into hydrocarbons could mitigate the greenhouse effect and address energy crises. Metal nanocluster materials are well-suited for photocatalytic CO2 reduction.
Achieving the selectivity of the oxygen reduction reaction by regulating electron spin states and active centers on Fe–Mn–N6–C dual-atom catalysts
Authors: Li Shiyao , Chen Honghao , Qiu Yue , Cui Chengxing , Zhong Wenhui , Jiang Jun
Published: November 2024

As the first attempt to reveal the intrinsic relationship between electron spins and catalytic selectivity, this work offers new insights into the rational design of efficient transition metal atom-dispersed catalysts through spin regulation.
Revealing the effect of conductive mechanism on the voltage endurance of ferroelectric thin films via controlling the deposition temperature for reaching high energy storage capability
Authors: Jing Hongmei , Zhao Shibo , Wang Ting , Hu Wanbiao , Diwu Liming , Xu Jingru , Han Peiqiao , Liu Miao , Wang Zhuo , Sun Zixiong
Published: November 2024

By controlling the conducting mechanism of BCZT–BZT thin films, which was significantly affected by the deposition temperature, the voltage endurance was strongly enhanced, and the energy storage performance was also optimized.
An improved SiC SWITCH‐MOS with superior forward performance
Authors: Cheng Junji , Zhong Tao , Li Huan , Li Ping , Yi Bo , Huang Haimeng , Wang Siliang , Hu Qiang , Yang Hongqiang
Published: November 2024

An improved 4H‐SiC SBD‐wall‐integrated trench metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (SWITCH‐MOS) with n‐bury and split‐gate is proposed. Under the premise of ensuring breakdown voltage (BV), the n‐bury layer can smooth the path to current conduction, which reduces the specific on‐resistance (RON, SP) and improves static characteristics. Besides, the split‐gate is able to transform the gate‐drain capacitance (CGD) and improve the dynamic characteristics. Therefore, a superior forward performance that SWITCH‐MOS always craves is achieved. According to the simulation results, compared to the conventional SWITCH‐MOS with almost the same BV, the proposed one reduces the RON, SP by 57% and the CGD by 59% while gaining equally advanced reverse performance. Its reverse conduction voltage is only −1.78 V, but its figure of merit reaches 1.67 GW/cm2 and 65 mΩ·nC, which is attractive for the application in power inverters.
Sustainable hybrid renewable energy management system for a community in island: A model approach utilising Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources optimization and priority setting‐based Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition operation
Authors: Ahmed Iftekhar , Razzak Md. Abdur , Ahmed Feroz
Published: November 2024

This paper explores sustainable energy management strategies for a remote community on the Island of Bhashanchar in the Bay of Bengal, designated by the Government of Bangladesh to host Rohingya refugee camps. The island lacks utility‐scale power infrastructure, relying primarily on rooftop solar systems. Addressing the challenge of efficient energy utilization, the study analyses the Bhashanchar Community System's energy dynamics, load demand, and renewable energy integration feasibility. The primary objective is to design an optimised hybrid microgrid system to balance energy supply and demand, reducing blackout risks. A Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition based load management system is introduced for real‐time energy distribution, enhancing reliability. The proposed off‐grid hybrid microgrid system includes solar PV, wind, diesel, biomass, wind turbine, tidal turbine, and battery storage. It incorporates priority setting mechanisms to categorise energy sources by reliability, availability, and environmental impact, ensuring consistent, reliable, and sustainable energy supply. The study demonstrates that the proposed system can achieve significant energy savings, around 23%, compared to traditional models, showcasing the effectiveness of the hybrid microgrid approach in powering remote communities with limited conventional energy access.
Research on the source of internal fault defects in 40Mn2 oil drill pipe
Authors: Gao Fang , Bao Yan-ping , Xing Li-dong , Wang Da-zhi , Gu Chao
Published: November 2024

As an essential material in various industries, steel’s internal defects can seriously affect its performance and cause huge economic losses. To investigate the source of internal fault defects in oil drill pipes, this study used ultrasonic testing equipment to accurately locate internal fault defects in steel, and obtained the spatial coordinates of the defects as (2.15, 2.29, 0.77). Then, by dissecting layer by layer, the target defect was determined to be a large Al2O3 inclusion with a length of 1.609 mm and a width of 0.2 mm. Afterwards, based on the results of automatic scanning of inclusions, this study used extreme value statistical method to estimate the maximum size inclusions that may exist in steel, and found that the target defect size was much larger than the estimated value. Finally, to further determine the source of large inclusions, this study conducted sampling and analysis on immersion nozzles, refining slag, tundish slag, and mold flux. The study found that the matching degree between the composition of large inclusions and the composition of submerged nozzle nodules was the highest, indicating that the fault defect was caused by the peeling of nozzle nodules. This indicates the direction for process optimization.
Mandating a common language in the multinational enterprise: The case of Cummins in India
Authors: Simoes Sean , Talaulicar Anant , Verbeke Alain
Published: November 2024

In this study, we answer the call for integrating insights from different language-related research areas in international business. We investigate the antecedents and outcomes of mandating English as a common language in the Indian subsidiaries and joint ventures of Cummins, a large US-headquartered industrial, multinational enterprise (MNE). Our Transaction Cost Theory lens shows how the mandated adoption of English significantly improved the Indian subsidiaries’ position in the MNE’s network. Through retrospectively analyzing the experience of the authors in top and middle management roles with Cummins in India and utilizing a range of publicly available information, we also identified the significant role of English in fostering inclusion in India, where the broad societal context of diversity and inclusion is very different from that prevailing in the MNE’s home country.
About the significance of the driving current direction in ferromagnetic resonance experiments
Authors: Babu Md. Majibul Haque , Tsoi Maxim
Published: November 2024

We present an experimental study of the effects of driving current direction on ferromagnetic resonance in Ni36Fe64 foils. The radio-frequency (rf) driving current was applied to Ni36Fe64 foils of different shapes. In rectangular samples with a close-to-uniform flow of the applied current along the long edge of the sample, we find the resonance field to follow a simple “cos” dependence on the angle between the current and external dc magnetic field. We argue that this behavior cannot be explained by the in-plane demagnetizing field of the rectangular foil. In triangular samples, where the current partially flows along all three sample edges, we observed three independent “cos” features. The latter suggests individual contributions from different areas with different current directions. We were able to switch off one of these contributions by covering one edge of the triangular sample with a conducting overlayer and thereby effectively short-circuiting the corresponding current path. Our findings highlight the significance of driving current distributions in ferromagnetic resonance experiments.
Robust sensing via the standard deviation with a quantum sensor
Authors: Herbschleb E. D. , Chigusa S. , Kawase R. , Kawashima H. , Hazumi M. , Nakayama K. , Mizuochi N.
Published: November 2024

Quantum sensing has a bright future for applications in need of impeccable sensitivities. The study of periodic fields has resulted in various techniques, which deal with the limited coherence time of the quantum sensor in several ways. However, the periodic signal to measure could include forms of randomness as well, such as changes in phase or in frequency. In such cases, long measurement times required to detect the smallest of field amplitudes hamper the effectiveness of conventional techniques. In this paper, we propose and explore a robust sensing technique to combat this problem. For the technique, instead of measuring the signal amplitude directly, we measure another global property of the signal, in this case the standard deviation. This results in a much-improved sensitivity. We analyze the advantages and limitations of this technique, and we demonstrate the working with a measurement using a nitrogen-vacancy center. This work encourages scouting measurements of alternative statistics.
Heat transfer enhancement in a solar air heater utilizing novel rotating spiral baffles
Authors: Khimsuriya Yogeshkumar D. , Patel D. K. , Patel Vivek , Paikra Ajay Singh , Kaushik Lav Kumar
Published: November 2024

This study presents a substantial enhancement in the performance of solar air heaters (SAH) through the introduction of innovative rotating spiral-shaped baffles on the absorber plate, designed to optimize airflow within the duct and improve heat transfer. The results underscore the critical importance of fine-tuning geometric parameters, including relative roughness height (e/H: 0.4–1) and relative roughness pitch (P/e: 4–10), as well as the Reynolds number (Re: 4000–12 000), to achieve superior thermal efficiency. The optimization of these parameters is essential for maximizing performance while effectively managing flow resistance and turbulence. Experimental testing, conducted under a solar simulator (EN-12975-2 standard: irradiance uniformity of 10.47%, average solar irradiance of 955 W/m2), identified the configuration of P/e-8, e/H-0.8, and Re-12000 as the optimal combination. This setup yielded a maximum reduction of 17.29% in plate temperature (Tp), a 7.48% increase in outlet temperature (To), 63.33% augmentation in useful heat gain (Qu), and a 64.86% improvement in thermal efficiency (η) compared to a smooth duct. These findings provide key insights for advancing the design and operational efficiency of SAH systems. A field study to evaluate the practical applicability of this modification is recommended as the next step for further investigation.
Exploring challenges in implementing sustainable energy solutions and green tourism for eco-industrial parks in China
Authors: Chen Tianchang , Liu Gao , Ahmed Sheeraz
Published: November 2024

The effort to integrate sustainable energy and promote green tourism within China's Eco-Industrial Parks (EIPs) is a crucial move toward balancing industrial development with ecological sustainability. As the world's largest producer and consumer of energy, China's industrial sector significantly impacts global environmental health. Integrating sustainable energy within EIPs not only aims to reduce the carbon footprint and mitigate climate change but also enhances opportunities for sustainable tourism practices. This research uses a thorough methodology that combines the Delphi method and the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to systematically evaluate and rank the challenges associated with sustainable energy integration and green tourism for EIPs in China. Through an iterative Delphi approach, five main challenges and 20 related sub-challenges have been identified. The Fuzzy AHP approach was utilized to analyze and assign weights to these challenges, providing insight into their relative importance to the adoption of sustainable energy into EIPs to promote green tourism practices. The most important aspect is economic viability (C1), according to the results of fuzzy AHP. The next major hurdles are recognized as the regulatory frameworks (C4) and socio-cultural acceptance (C2). Examining the underlying sub-challenges, the task of calculating return on investment metrics (C12) came up as the most weighted. Significant sub-challenges were also identified, including regulatory incentives for clean energy deployment (C41) and overcoming societal resistance (C21). This insight guides researchers, industry stakeholders, and policymakers in creating targeted interventions to promote the integration of sustainable energy and green tourism within China's EIPs.
Large-area single-crystal indium phosphide laterally grown on patterned silicon-on-insulator
Authors: Li Jie , Xue Ying , Xu Ke , Xing Zengshan , Wong Kam Sing , Lau Kei May
Published: November 2024

Selective area heteroepitaxy provides an alternate solution for the monolithic integration of high-performance III-V lasers on Si with effective management of crystalline defects. Here, we report large-area single-crystal InP grown on (001) patterned silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers using the lateral aspect ratio trapping (LART) method by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The InP grown on SOI features a length of hundreds of micrometers and a width of up to 8.5 μm with an “in-plane” configuration. Based on fine-tuned growth conditions, especially in the InP nucleation layer on the Si interface, crystalline defects have been minimized resulting in large-area high-quality materials for active devices. Growth mechanisms describing each stage of epitaxy are presented to explain the difference of lateral growth in small and large material volumes. Comprehensive material characterizations and device implementations were performed on the InP/SOI to characterize its viability as an integration platform for photonics. III-V lasers with micro-cavity and Fabry–Perot cavity were fabricated and statistically analyzed to demonstrate the feasibility of providing photonic function. Attaining large-area InP/SOI addresses the bottleneck of limited III-V material volume in selective epitaxy leading to a critical step toward monolithic integration of III-V on Si. Furthermore, the high-quality InP/SOI could serve as a mini template for regrowth to construct various photonic building blocks. Large-area and high-quality III-V on SOI here ensure LART as an easy, flexible, and tolerable method for the potential realization of fully integrated Si photonics.
A comparative study of Schottky barrier heights and charge transport mechanisms in 3C, 4H, and 6H silicon carbide polytypes
Authors: Mekaret Fayssal , Rabehi Abdelaziz , Zebentout Baya , Tizi Shahrazade , Douara Abdelmalek , Bellucci Stefano , Guermoui Mawloud , Benamara Zineb , El-kenawy El-Sayed M. , Eid Marwa M. , Alhussan Amel Ali
Published: November 2024

This study undertakes a comparative analysis of Schottky diodes using three prominent SiC polytypes (3C, 4H, and 6H). The comparison involves meticulous calculations of the Schottky barrier resulting from the metal/SiC interface for each polytype assessed in both practical and theoretical scenarios. Specifically, the barrier height (ΦB) is systematically plotted against the metal work function (ΦM) across a range of metal work functions from 3.65 to 5.65 eV. Furthermore, the investigation extends to the saturation currents of three distinct charge transport models for each SiC polytype: thermionic current (TE), thermionic field emission, and field emission. Initial analyses plot saturation currents as a function of concentration within a temperature range of 100–500 K. Subsequent examinations plot saturation currents as a function of temperature across a concentration gradient from 1014 to 1020 cm−3. The comparison between the activation energy and thermal energy at standard room temperature (T = 300 K) yielded results consistent with theoretical predictions, affirming the robustness and applicability of each model within its dominant range.
Archetypes and change in wildfire risk perceptions, behaviours and intentions among adults in Tasmania, Australia
Authors: Campbell Sharon L. , Williamson Grant J. , Johnston Fay H. , Bowman David M. J. S.
Published: November 2024

Background Anthropogenic climate change globally increases wildfire risk. Understanding how wildfire threats impact community-wide risk perceptions and response options will critically inform resilience education strategies. Aim To gain an increased understanding of wildfire risk perceptions and self-evacuation intentions among residents in the wildfire-prone state of Tasmania, Australia. Methods We co-designed survey questions with stakeholders from emergency management, health and community recovery, using a computer-aided telephone interview to survey residents over 18 years of age. Numerical classification analysis, linear regression and descriptive statistics were used to analyse survey data. Results We identified four archetypes – the ‘immediate leaver’, ‘prepared stayer’, ‘unprepared leaver’ and ‘informed leaver’, each with distinct sociodemographic characteristics. Key variables were gender, age, location and income, with women most likely to leave and lower-income householders from rural areas most likely to stay. Previous wildfire experience and owning a home were significantly associated with increased preparedness actions. Compared to 2016, we found a significant increase in the proportion of residents intending to leave their property, with rural men least likely and urban women most likely to leave. Implications Recent education campaigns have likely driven increases in wildfire threat-related self-evacuation, yet the existence of distinct archetypes argues for more tailored messaging and education programs.
FBXO22 inhibits colitis and colorectal carcinogenesis by regulating the degradation of the S2448-phosphorylated form of mTOR
Authors: Li Minle , Chen Xuan , Qu Pengfei , Shao Zhiying , Shi Lei , Quan Haoyu , Zhao Xue , Xu Jian , Shi Luling , Chen Silu , Zheng Junnian , Pan Zhen-Qiang , Bai Jin
Published: November 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a considerable threat to human health with a significant risk for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, currently, both the molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic treatment of IBD remain limited. In this report, using both systemic and intestinal epithelium-specific gene knockout mouse models, we demonstrate that FBXO22, a substrate receptor within the SKP1-Cullin 1-F-box family of E3 ubiquitin ligases, plays an inhibitory role in the Azoxymethane
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Dextran Sodium Sulfate–induced colorectal inflammatory responses and CRC. FBXO22 targets the serine 2448-phosphorylated form of mammalian mechanistic target of rapamycin (pS2448-mTOR) for ubiquitin-dependent degradation. This proteolytic targeting effect is established based on multiple lines of evidence including the results of colon tissue immunoblots, analysis of cultured cells with altered abundance of FBXO22 by depletion or overexpression, comparison of protein decay rate, effects on mTOR substrates S6K1 and 4E-BP1, analysis of protein–protein interactions, phosphor–peptide binding and competition, as well as reconstituted and cellular ubiquitination. Finally, we have shown that mTOR inhibitor rapamycin (RAPA) was able to alleviate the effects of
fbxo22
deletion on colorectal inflammatory response and CRC. These RAPA effects are correlated with the ability of RAPA to inhibit pS2448-mTOR, pS6K1, and p4E-BP1. Collectively, our data support a suppressive role for FBXO22 in colorectal inflammation signaling and CRC initiation by targeting pS2448-mTOR for degradation.
A meiotic driver hijacks an epigenetic reader to disrupt mitosis in noncarrier offspring
Authors: Hua Yu , Zhang Jianxiu , Yang Man-Yun , Zhang Fan-Yi , Ren Jing-Yi , Lyu Xiao-Hui , Ding Yan , Suo Fang , Shao Guang-Can , Li Jun , Dong Meng-Qiu , Ye Keqiong , Du Li-Lin
Published: November 2024

Killer meiotic drivers (KMDs) are selfish genetic elements that distort Mendelian inheritance by selectively killing meiotic products lacking the KMD element, thereby promoting their own propagation. Although KMDs have been found in diverse eukaryotes, only a limited number of them have been characterized at the molecular level, and their killing mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we identify that a gene previously deemed essential for cell survival in the fission yeastSchizosaccharomyces pombeis a single-gene KMD. This gene,tdk1, kills nearly alltdk1Δprogeny in atdk1+×tdk1Δcross. By analyzing polymorphisms oftdk1among natural strains, we identify a resistant haplotype, HT3. This haplotype lacks killing ability yet confers resistance to killing by the wild-typetdk1. Proximity labeling experiments reveal an interaction between Tdk1, the protein product oftdk1, and the epigenetic reader Bdf1. Interestingly, the nonkilling Tdk1-HT3 variant does not interact with Bdf1. Cryoelectron microscopy further elucidated the binding interface between Tdk1 and Bdf1, pinpointing mutations within Tdk1-HT3 that disrupt this interface. During sexual reproduction, Tdk1 forms stable Bdf1-binding nuclear foci in all spores after meiosis. These foci persist in germinatedtdk1Δprogeny and impede chromosome segregation during mitosis by generating aberrant chromosomal adhesions. This study identifies a KMD that masquerades as an essential gene and reveals the molecular mechanism by which this KMD hijacks cellular machinery to execute killing. Additionally, we unveil that losing the hijacking ability is an evolutionary path for this single-gene KMD to evolve into a nonkilling resistant haplotype.
Cosmography of non-interacting ghost and generalized ghost dark energy models in f(Q) gravity
Authors: Sharif M , Ajmal Madiha
Published: November 2024

This paper aims to develop non-interacting ghost dark energy and generalized ghost dark energy models within the framework of f(Q) theory using the correspondence scheme. We use pressureless matter and a power-law scale factor. The cosmic implications of the resulting models are studied through the equation of state parameter and the phase planes. We also check the stability of the reconstructed models through the squared speed of sound parameter. The equation of state parameter exhibits a phantom era, the

(

ω

D

−

ω

D

′

)

-plane indicates a freezing region, while the (r−s)-plane corresponds to the Chaplygin gas model for both models. It is also found that only the generalized ghost dark energy model remains stable throughout cosmic evolution. We conclude that our findings align well with current observational data.
Femtosecond mode-locking and soliton molecule generation based on a GaAs saturable absorber
Authors: Zhang 张 Chen-Yan 辰妍 , Dou 窦 Xin-He 鑫河 , Chen 陈 Zhen 震 , Zhao 赵 Jing-Han 靖涵 , Sun 孙 Wei 薇 , Fan 樊 Ze-Yu 泽宇 , Zhang 张 Tao 涛 , Teng 滕 Hao 浩 , Lv 吕 Zhi-Guo 志国
Published: November 2024

In the last few years, research on advanced ultrafast photonic devices has attracted great interest from laser physicists. As a semiconductor material with excellent nonlinear saturation absorption characteristics, GaAs has been used in solid-state and fiber lasers as a mode-locker. However, the pulse widths that have been reported in the searchable published literature are all long and the shortest is tens of picoseconds. Femtosecond pulse widths, desired for a variety of applications, have not yet been reported in GaAs-based pulsed lasers. In this work, we further explore the nonlinear characteristics of GaAs that has been magnetron sputtered onto the surface of a tapered fiber and its application in the generation of femtosecond lasing via effective dispersion optimization and nonlinearity management. With the enhanced interaction between evanescent waves and GaAs nanosheets, mode-locked soliton pulses as short as 830 fs are generated at repetition rates of 4.64 MHz. As far as we know, this is the first time that femtosecond-level pulses have been generated with a GaAs-based saturable absorber. In addition, soliton molecules, including in the dual-pulse state, are also realized under stronger pumping. This work demonstrates that GaAs-based photonic devices have good application prospects in effective polymorphous ultrashort pulsed laser generation.
Precision bounds for quantum phase estimation using two-mode squeezed Gaussian states
Authors: Zhang 张 Jian-Dong 建东 , Li 李 Chuang 闯 , Hou 侯 Lili 丽丽 , Wang 王 Shuai 帅
Published: November 2024

Quantum phase estimation based on Gaussian states plays a crucial role in many application fields. In this paper, we study the precision bound for the scheme using two-mode squeezed Gaussian states. The quantum Fisher information is calculated and its maximization is used to determine the optimal parameters. We find that two single-mode squeezed vacuum states are the optimal Gaussian inputs for a fixed two-mode squeezing process. The corresponding precision bound is sub-Heisenberg-limited and scales as N
−1/2. For practical purposes, we consider the effects originating from photon loss. The precision bound can still outperform the shot-noise limit when the lossy rate is below 0.4. Our work may demonstrate a significant and promising step towards practical quantum metrology.
Product structure of graphs with an excluded minor
Authors: Illingworth Freddie , Scott Alex , Wood David
Published: November 2024

This paper shows that

K
t

K_t

-minor-free (and

K

s
,
t

K_{s, t}

-minor-free) graphs

G
G

are subgraphs of products of a tree-like graph

H
H

(of bounded treewidth) and a complete graph

K
m

K_m

. Our results include optimal bounds on the treewidth of

H
H

and optimal bounds (to within a constant factor) on

m
m

in terms of the number of vertices of

G
G

and the treewidth of

G
G

. These results follow from a more general theorem whose corollaries include a strengthening of the celebrated separator theorem of Alon, Seymour, and Thomas [J. Amer. Math. Soc. 3 (1990), 801–808] and the Planar Graph Product Structure Theorem of Dujmović et al. [J. ACM 67 (2020)].
How mixed strategies make a difference in the one-shot prisoner’s dilemma
Authors: Bruner Justin P
Published: November 2024

Mixed strategies – where one opts to randomize one’s decision – are thought to be of minimal significance in the one-shot prisoner’s dilemma. We argue against this commonsense view. Mixed strategies play a role in the emergence of cooperation and can even stabilize some level of cooperation under conditions where cooperation was previously thought impossible.
AlphaCRV: a pipeline for identifying accurate binder topologies in mass-modeling with AlphaFold
Authors: Guzmán-Vega Francisco J , Arold Stefan T
Published: November 2024

Motivation

The speed and accuracy of deep learning-based structure prediction algorithms make it now possible to perform in silico “pull-downs” to identify protein–protein interactions on a proteome-wide scale. However, on such a large scale, existing scoring algorithms are often insufficient to discriminate biologically relevant interactions from false positives.

Results

Here, we introduce AlphaCRV, a Python package that helps identify correct interactors in a one-against-many AlphaFold screen by clustering, ranking, and visualizing conserved binding topologies, based on protein sequence and fold.

Availability and implementation

AlphaCRV is a Python package for Linux, freely available at https://github.com/strubelab/AlphaCRV
Delayed onset autoimmune cholangitis in a patient treated with pembrolizumab
Authors: Newington Joshua , Patterson Daniel , Sanchez Pilar
Published: November 2024

This case study describes a female patient in her late 70s who developed autoimmune cholangitis a year after finishing 35 cycles of pembrolizumab for the treatment of her non-small cell lung cancer. The diagnosis was initially missed and delayed; the patient’s agoraphobia and the COVID-19 pandemic were noted as contributing factors.
Short-term outcomes depending on type of oesophagojejunostomy in laparoscopic total gastrectomy for gastric cancer: retrospective study based on a Korean Nationwide Survey for Gastric Cancer in 2019
Authors: Kang Gun , Kim Jiyeong , Lee Ju-Hee
Published: November 2024

Background

The study aimed to assess postoperative complication rates of different oesophagojejunostomy (EJ) techniques used in laparoscopic total gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

Methods

A total of 1155 patients who underwent laparoscopic total gastrectomy were retrospectively selected from the data obtained from the Korean Nationwide Survey for gastric cancer in 2019. Morbidity rate was compared between patients who received intracorporeal or extracorporeal EJ using linear or circular staplers during laparoscopic total gastrectomy. The variables of the groups were balanced using the inverse probability of treatment weighting.

Results

Seven hundred and seventy-three patients received intracorporeal EJ using a linear stapler (IL), 137 received intracorporeal EJ using a circular stapler (IC), 134 received extracorporeal EJ using a linear stapler (EL) and 111 received extracorporeal EJ using a circular stapler (EC). The overall complication rates were lower in the extracorporeal group (EL: 13.4% versus EC: 12.6%) compared to the intracorporeal group (IL: 22.6% versus IC: 17.5%) (P = 0.006). Fewer major complications were observed in the extracorporeal group (EL: 1.4% versus EC: 1.8%) compared to the intracorporeal group (IL: 9.4% versus IC: 7.3%) (P = 0.004). There was no significant difference in EJ-related complications between the groups (P = 0.418 in EJ leakage and P = 0.474 in EJ stricture). Multivariable analysis showed that the IL method correlated with more overall and major complications than the extracorporeal method.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that despite its widespread use, the IL method is a challenging procedure with higher complication rates than the extracorporeal method. Further high-quality studies are required to confirm the results.