bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Organizational Culture on the Development of Corporate Entrepreneurship and Achievement of High Organizational Performance
Authors: El-Kafafi Siham
Published: January 2019

Entrepreneurship is important for organizations facing rapid change in industry, market structure, customers' needs, technological advancements, and societal values. Entrepreneurship draws from a wide range of skills capable of enhancement to add value to a targeted niche of human activity. On the other hand, corporate entrepreneurship is also viewed as acting entrepreneurially within the confines of an established organization. Relevant to that is the organizational culture, which is the set of values and beliefs behind individuals' attitudes, behavior, and performance within organizations. For organizational excellence to succeed, it needs to be supported and driven by top management whose role is to empower and enable employees toward excellence through continuous improvement.
Challenges and Reflections on the Experience and Development of the Profession of Nutrition and Dietetics
Authors: Aljaaly Elham Abbas
Published: January 2019

Culture's membership could result in varied pathways to careers, choices of career, and work opportunities. Several factors including culture and gender of individuals could influence career development and the practice of the career. Some theories were developed to connect culture and career, and others were developed for assessment and applications on career development. Therefore, the author for this chapter has used the systems theory framework of career development (STF) to tell her story, challenges, and reflection on the professional development and experience as the first indigenous dietitian in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).
Women Empowerment and Social Change Through Education
Authors: Najaf B. Dur-E , Sultana H. Yasmeen , Jamal M. Abdul
Published: January 2019

Education is an eye opener for every woman who is deprived of the privilege/self-esteem she deserves within a society. Social and economic empowerment cannot ignore the power of women in any society or a nation or a state. Empowerment is a gentle process of transforming the lives of people irrespective of gender. Empowerment of women is possible through education as it acts as the road from where one achieves financial security, decision-making power, and honor within the family and in the society. It is a key that can accelerate the engine of economic growth and social advancements in various economic sectors such as banking and finance, medicine, education, aviation, technology, space, and many more. Education makes women powerful.
The Putaketanga Model
Authors: Waretini-Karena Rawiri
Published: January 2019

This chapter supports Māori practitioners, counsellors, educators, and social service providers to unpack societal issues that underpin sociological theories applied to Māori in mainstream New Zealand. It employs an indigenous model, specifically created from a traditional mātauranga Māori base for examining contributing factors not always evident in Western socially constructed systems that scrutinize Māori. The rationale for developing an indigenous model from a traditional mātauranga Māori perspective allows for a critique and analysis of Western ideologies through a Māori lens. This enables Māori practitioners, counsellors, educators, and social service providers space to articulate underlying themes and intergenerational links to Māori deficit statistics that Western socially constructed systems do not take into account.
An Evaluation of a Test-Driven Security Risk Analysis Approach Based on Two Industrial Case Studies
Authors: Erdogan Gencer , Nguyen Phu H. , Seehusen Fredrik , Stølen Ketil , Hofstad Jon , Aagedal Jan Øyvind
Published: January 2019

Risk-driven testing and test-driven risk assessment are two strongly related approaches, though the latter is less explored. This chapter presents an evaluation of a test-driven security risk assessment approach to assess how useful testing is for validating and correcting security risk models. Based on the guidelines for case study research, two industrial case studies were analyzed: a multilingual financial web application and a mobile financial application. In both case studies, the testing yielded new information, which was not found in the risk assessment phase. In the first case study, new vulnerabilities were found that resulted in an update of the likelihood values of threat scenarios and risks in the risk model. New vulnerabilities were also identified and added to the risk model in the second case study. These updates led to more accurate risk models, which indicate that the testing was indeed useful for validating and correcting the risk models.
Measuring Developers' Software Security Skills, Usage, and Training Needs
Authors: Oyetoyan Tosin Daniel , Jaatun Martin Gilje Gilje , Cruzes Daniela Soares
Published: January 2019

Software security does not emerge fully formed by divine intervention in deserving software development organizations; it requires that developers have the required theoretical background and practical skills to enable them to write secure software, and that the software security activities are actually performed, not just documented procedures that sit gathering dust on a shelf. In this chapter, the authors present a survey instrument that can be used to investigate software security usage, competence, and training needs in agile organizations. They present results of using this instrument in two organizations. They find that regardless of cost or benefit, skill drives the kind of activities that are performed, and secure design may be the most important training need.
Social Media and Social Entrepreneurship
Authors: Islam Md Nazmul , Chitran Vivek
Published: January 2019

Information plays an important role in the individual lives of people, and social media as an aspect of online information phenomenon is an exciting topic to explore in terms of its impact on social entrepreneurship. Many theoretical fields have contributed to the development of social entrepreneurship, looking in particular at the financial, political, and psychological impacts. This chapter is unique since it focuses on social enterprises and the impact of evolving technologies on social entrepreneurship. This chapter contributes to the literature on social media usage in social enterprises and offers a better understanding of the issues in the specific context of developing countries.
Service Failure and Recovery Strategy in Computer-Mediated Marketing Environments (CMMEs)
Authors: Ayertey Samuel , Howell Kerry
Published: January 2019

The success of an online recovery strategy is largely attributed to the provider's response speed. Essentially, engagement in conversation with the customer immediately after he/she complains shortens the pre-recovery phase. Service firms expect complaints from consumers when a service failure occurs. Advances in modern information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructures have changed the way in which customer-firm interactions take place and the nature of the conduct of services. Computer and internet technologies mean that services can be provided over long distances without the requirement for the physical presence of customers and employees. With the continued rapid development in the field of modern computer-mediated marketing environments (CMME) more and more services will be delivered in technology-mediated environments (TMEs). This chapter provides some insights on failure recovery strategies as competitive tools in computer-mediated marketing environments.
Smartphones
Authors: Sam-Epelle Ibelema , Appiah Kenneth
Published: January 2019

Understanding the adoption of technologies is crucial for researchers and practitioners, as identifying key factors helps to predict and explain users' attitude towards adopting or rejecting technology. However, as smartphones are well-diffused technologies, there is contention that research efforts shift to understanding their usage comprehensively. As personal technologies that users make meaning of, smartphone usage is assumed to be more comprehensive than that of previous generation mobile phones. This chapter examines how the usage of smartphones is redefining and increasingly adding value to consumer consumption processes.
Faculty Using E-Journals in Developing Countries
Authors: Ifijeh Goodluck , Iwu-James Juliana , Izuagbe Roland , Nwaogu Humphrey
Published: January 2019

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have affected every sphere of human endeavor, including teaching, learning, and research. The evolution of ICTs has brought about the emergence of electronic journals (also known as e-journals). This chapter focuses on electronic journals and their importance in teaching and research. It covers the evolution of e-journals in the education landscape and current trends in the use of e-journals in developing countries. The chapter also examines the challenges of e-journal usage in developing countries and made recommendations.
A Study of Novice Faculty Members' Experiences During the Mentoring Process
Authors: Burchill Kerri Pilling , Anderson David
Published: January 2019

This chapter suggests a new framework for thinking about the role of informal mentoring in higher education based on the persistently changing role of education. The chapter provides the findings from a qualitative research study that examined how the lived experiences of three novice professors guided their engagement in informal mentoring opportunities. The study offers evidence to capture how engagement in mentoring opportunities improved the quality of teaching. With each mentoring opportunity, these three professors gained knowledge and skills that they integrated into their classrooms to be more effective teachers. The conclusions address the following areas: the importance of previous lived experiences as a catalyst for in engaging in mentoring opportunities; the importance of mentoring having an informal structure, one where they controlled the learning direction; the nature and ramifications of the informal versus formal aspects of this process; and the findings in this study align with Kolb's learning theory.
Intelligent Tracking and Positioning of Targets Using Passive Sensing Systems
Authors: Iqbal Saad , Iqbal Usman , Hassan Syed Ali
Published: January 2019

Target localization and tracking has always been a hot topic in all eras of communication studies. Conventional system used radars for the purpose of locating and/or tracking an object using the classical methods of signal processing. Radars are generally classified as active and passive, where the former uses both transmitter and receivers simultaneously to perform the localization task. On the other hand, passive radars use existing illuminators of opportunity such as wi-fi or GSM signals to perform the aforementioned tasks. Although they perform detection using classical correlation methods and CFAR, recently machine learning has been used in various application of passive sensing to elevate the system performance. The latest developed models for intelligent RF passive sensing system for both outdoor and indoor scenarios are discussed in this chapter, which will give insight to the readers about their designing.
Early Exposure to Domestic Violence and Implications for Early Childhood Education Services
Authors: Mncanca Mzoli , Okeke Chinedu
Published: January 2019

This meta-analysis drew statistical data from the Victims of Crimes Survey (VOCS) and gleaned empirical insights from the literature to present a comprehensive discussion about the extent of early childhood exposure to domestic violence and the effects on children's developmental trajectories. Bandura's social learning theory and the intergenerational transmission of violence were adopted as guiding theoretical perspectives to highlight the dangers of early exposure to violence and to elucidate the importance of raising children in safe and stable homes and schooling environments. Findings show that many South African children are severely affected by domestic violence, with far-reaching implications for their future holistic development and life chances. The chapter recommends that universities should ensure their early childhood education qualifications are socially relevant and contextually grounded. Similarly, practitioners should initiate and play a leading role in multi-stakeholder preventive interventions on domestic violence.
Improving Student Classroom Behavior Through Nonviolent Classroom Management and the Implementation of Emotional Intelligence for Educators
Authors: Ruffin T. Ray , Fuqua Deborah , Lee D. Israel , Wright Kimberly L. , Winston Shaitaisha D. , Langford Lisa , Jameson Tammy , Williams-Hanley Typhany V. , Tachin R. Adelina , Ford Deanna , Whitaker Shayanna M.
Published: January 2019

This chapter explored nonviolence classroom management tools and the self-actualization of emotional intelligence (EI) focused on education in the United States (U.S.). The purpose of this chapter was to convey to educators that their attitude or behavior can negatively or positively affect student engagement and classroom management. The aim is to create an atmosphere of positive reinforcements for students to develop and grow, using EI as a tool to examine classroom behaviors. The authors discussed the behavioral problems and facets many present-day schools in the U.S. are confronted with on a daily basis. The implementation of positive behavioral interventions and supports (PBIS) as nonviolent interventions for classroom management is covered. For comparisons, research directions were explored from a universal perspective to include multinational countries. The chapter concluded with a summative conclusion to include thoughts on improving student classroom behavior through nonviolence classroom management and implementing EI for educators.
Pastoral Care and Counseling in Early Childhood Years
Authors: Mathwasa Joyce
Published: January 2019

Children experience varying degrees of violence at a tender age compelling the need for pastoral care, an antique model of emotional and spiritual support. Pastoral care is regarded as individual and communal patience in which people trained in pastoral care offer support to people suffering from anxiety, pain, loss, and other traumatic circumstances. Neuroscience submits that most learning occurs in the early years making it imperative that during this period a conducive environment is created for maximal cognitive, social, emotional, and spiritual development of the child. This can be achieved through non-biased pastoral care support for the victims and perpetrators to ensure repentance, forgiveness, and sustainable transformation thereby creating a non-violent society. While pastoral care has its roots in Christianity, ways of integrating it with other religions are essential in a multi-cultural and multi-traditional society. This chapter explored the challenges and benefits of pastoral care.
Building Peaceful Inclusive Schools for Inclusive Education
Authors: Haihambo Cynthy K. , Shiimi Hilda N.
Published: January 2019

Namibia is home to a diverse population in terms of race, ethnicity, socio-cultural status, culture, language, religion, abilities, and tradition. Before independence, race was the main variable in determining the quality of education one would receive. Upon independence, Namibians where determined to do away with all forms of inequality in education by adopting the Education for All philosophy. Namibia is signatory to various international conventions including the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Salamanca Declaration. The findings suggest that, even though school principals and teachers seemingly support inclusion, it could be deduced that they either have a limited understanding and far-fetched understanding of what inclusive education really means.
A Conceptual Framework for Managerial Analysis Under Economic Nationalism and Globalization
Authors: Kitamura Kanji
Published: January 2019

This chapter qualitatively examines cross-national managerial strategies employed at the Japanese automakers in the context of economic nationalism. It proposes and tests a simple yet versatile conceptual framework by developing existing models and integrating foundational concepts available in literature. Proposed as a tool for comparative analysis on management styles, the framework has two extreme ends of a continuum to capture not only variants of the social realities but also changes of businesses as it shifts between the extremes. The findings suggest that the force of economic nationalism likely affects the Japanese automakers' growth strategies, and the dynamics of managerial styles are company-specific under intensified globalization.
The Impact of Macroeconomic Indicators on Unemployment Rate
Authors: Vladi Eneda , Hysa Eglantina
Published: January 2019

The aim of this chapter is to study the impact of the selected macroeconomic indicators on unemployment rate in the region of Western Balkan countries and, more specifically, Albania, Serbia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Kosovo. This research is based on the time period 2000 to 2017 and includes five countries and the econometric model used in here is panel data. Data are retrieved from official and trustable sources such as World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF). The methodology used is the vector autoregressive model (VAR), unit root test, Hausman test, Granger causality test. All the macroeconomic variables, inflation, interest rates, GDP, and FDI are found to have a significant impact on unemployment rate of this group of countries. The novelty of this study remains the fact that this analysis is performed for the Western Balkan countries as a group. The results can serve and can be taken into consideration when applying similar econometric analysis in the future researches or implementing new policies that influences the macroeconomic factors.
Machine Learning and Simulation/Optimization Approaches to Improve Surgical Services in Healthcare
Authors: Khaleghi Tannaz , Abdollahi Mohammad , Murat Alper
Published: January 2019

Data analytics digs in the hidden layers of information in the context of unstructured data. However, researchers have found that quality of care in the healthcare sector can be significantly enhanced by studying the data residing in multiple integrated information systems. Such studies are being proposed by researchers using unique and efficient analytical techniques to increase efficiency, quality of care, and patient and staff satisfaction. In this chapter, well-known areas of data analytic applications in the healthcare sector (e.g., machine learning, simulation, and optimization works) are selectively reviewed by the authors through representing analytic solutions to real-world problems. These studies are divided into different sections per application area throughout the chapter.
Decision Support for Optimal Use of Joint Training Funds in the Canadian Armed Forces
Authors: MacLeod Matthew R. , Rempel Mark , Roi Michael L.
Published: January 2019

Joint exercises are vital to the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) meeting its readiness targets. However, CAF resources are often insufficient to participate in all candidate joint exercises. Many organizations face resource challenges. In the context of preparing the CAF for its mandated missions and operational tasks, this chapter addresses the following research question: How can the CAF get the most value out of its joint training resources? Using strategic analysis and operations research, the authors designed a value model to gauge a joint exercise's value and an optimization model to support decision makers when selecting a joint exercise portfolio. This chapter describes these models, presents an example of their application, and discusses future improvements.
CSR in Education
Authors: Pastou Pamela
Published: January 2019

The chapter will focus on corporate social responsibility in the education industry, specifically focusing on universities and how they can and are becoming more sustainable in accordance to the environment and the way the University of Birmingham is implementing Goal 12 of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals that will be mentioned in further detail. The fast-paced times of today means that there is constant evolution to create new opportunities and to improve our surroundings, so corporate social responsibility can help identify the needs for specific areas in which to thrive in this space.
Human Capital in Business
Authors: Stefanova Marina
Published: January 2019

Employees are rated as the most valuable asset of an organization. Therefore, the care, development, and maintenance of strong staff motivation are essential to achieve the core business goals. In the early 90s human capital had completely different value in the post-socialist countries. Unlike East Germany, in Bulgaria private property and entrepreneurship did not exist during the Soviet period. The education of an entrepreneurship spirit in free people had to start from scratch. The first part of the chapter examines the most important theoretical contributions and basis of the human capital and human capital resource theories. The second part is dedicated to the practical implications of these concepts in a newborn Bulgarian company which has a vision to transform the society it operates in. In addition, the chapter analyzes how these concepts reflect on a broader business audience, thus becoming a role model for multiplication of other companies from the responsible business circle in Bulgaria.
Corporate Social Responsibility, Distribution Efficiency, and Environmental Sustainability by the World's Largest Bakery Business Group
Authors: Jarque Eduardo
Published: January 2019

This chapter describes the innovations in green energy generation and electric vehicles development in order to fulfill distribution and production sustainability needs by Grupo Bimbo, the largest bakery products company in the world. Grupo Bimbo, originated in Mexico, has one of the most extensive distribution systems in the entire globe. Although it has presence in 32 countries in the Americas, Europe, Asia, and Africa, most of its revenues come from sales in Mexico and the United States. This chapter studies Grupo Bimbo's corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives and strategies to increase its distribution efficiency in Mexico, while contributing to alleviate global warming and carbon-reduction constraints by producing its own electric vehicles and power them with in-house wind-generated energy. As a result of these initiatives, carbon footprint reductions of 104,400 tons of CO2e (equivalent to reducing the daily usage of 25,000 cars for one year) were achieved in 2016 alone.
Accountability, Responsibility, and Public Trust in Non-Profit Institutions
Authors: Civitillo Renato
Published: January 2019

This chapter assumes that there is a gap between the request for non-profit sector managerialism and the need to ensure that it continues to represent the economic actor (probably the only one, in this sense) able to ensure the provision of goods and services of high social value for citizens and communities. In this perspective, we should abandon the idea that the non-profit sector can be a mere tool to “fill” the residual spaces left by the two “giants”: the market and the public administration. In this sense, the main aim of the research is to identify a possible link between accountability, responsibility, public trust, and communication in NPIs, possibly through a potential multidimensional managerial model in which these conceptual elements can be represented in a coordinated and systemic way.
CSR Wave
Authors: Tsene Lida , Briana Maria
Published: January 2019

A new wave of socially responsible business has appeared, putting shared value and social impact in the heart of their activities. In this context, the authors examine shared value as basic component of the new version of social responsibility. Can innovative CSR approaches act effectively in managing the most damaging impacts of a crisis as the loss of trust and credibility and restore a company's reputation through various positive spillovers? Just before Christmas 2017, Lidl Hellas announced a digital campaign, with a social impact with the hashtag #apotalidl. Every use of the phrase in the digital world shall buy 10 meals for people on need. Here we see a complete sidestepping of any issue of recognition focusing on the lasting social effects.
Influence of Internal Corporate Social Responsibility on Employee Retention With Special Reference to the Apparel Industry in Sri Lanka
Authors: Fernando A. G. N. K. , Sutha Jayaranjani
Published: January 2019

Employee retention is emerging as a critical issues impact on the competitive advantage. Internal corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been creating so much attention in the minds of employees during the recent years. Thus, the chapter is based on three objectives: First, it explores the relationship between internal CSR and employee retention. Second, it identifies how intrinsic motivation mediates the relationship between internal CSR and employee retention. Finally, it determines the internal CSR activities which the apparel industry should pay more attention to in order to better employee retention. Primary data were collected by using questionnaires, and the results of the study indicated that there is a positive relationship between internal CSR and employee retention. Moreover, intrinsic motivation partially mediates the relationship between the internal CSR and employee retention. The findings of the study identify the internal CSR activities which the apparel industry should pay more attention to in order to develop retention programs in the future.
Keystroke Dynamics in E-Learning and Online Exams
Authors: Jagadamaba G.  , Sathish Babu B.
Published: January 2019

In the internet era, the online examination has become an integral component of online processing and online learning. Student assessment in the online education system is submitted remotely without any face-to-face recognition and interaction. However, student authentication is the significant challenge in online education and examination. This chapter aims to examine various authentication systems, potential threats, and solutions to student authentication in the online examinations and learning. In this chapter, a keystroke-based authentication system is discussed for online examinations. Keystroke-based authentication does not require any additional investments as compared to the other existing authentication approaches such as face recognition, iris recognition, fingerprint, and so on.
Biometric Authentication Techniques and E-Learning
Authors: Kashyap Ramgopal
Published: January 2019

The primary goal of this chapter is to answer online exam frameworks by utilizing face acknowledgment to verify students for going to an online exam. A strategy in light of the utilization of neural systems to validate individuals' computerized unique mark framework for e-learning is present. This chapter centers around breaking down and contrasting the distinctive facial verification frameworks to confirm the understudies when they utilize e-learning stages, itemizing the expenses and the highlights of each structure recorded. Biometrics is a sensible verification used as a type of distinguishing proof and access control. It is additionally used to distinguish people in bunches that are under observation. Biometric identifiers are then particular quantifiable qualities used to mark and portray people. Biometric authenticators are as often as possible named as conduct and additionally physiological attributes. Physiological qualities are identified with the state of the body. In this chapter, the essential focus is on the distinctive biometrics and their applications.
Applying the Full Range of Leadership
Authors: Norris Sharon E. , Norris Ashley R.
Published: January 2019

Engaged employees are connected, present, authentically self-expressive in their work roles, and committed to their organizations. Disengaged employees are disconnected and detached from their work. The extent to which employees are engaged is malleable and subject to influence and change; therefore, employee engagement can be developed. When employees believe they are supported with opportunities for growth and development, they are more likely to be engaged in their work. In this chapter, employee engagement, employee development, and full range leadership are discussed along with how leaders use transactional, transformational, and laissez-faire leadership to develop followers and encourage employee engagement.
Mindfulness as an Antecedent of Work Engagement
Authors: Erben Gül Selin
Published: January 2019

Today, many organizations look for more loyal, committed, and engaged employees. Employee engagement has two dimensions, which are work engagement and organizational engagement. In this chapter, the moderating effect of demographic variables in the relationship between mindfulness and work engagement is examined. Mindfulness is a concept which has its roots in Buddhism. Mindfulness is defined as a state of mind that enables an individual to be here and now with his/her full potential. This study aims to find the impact of demographic factors (gender, age, educational background, income, marital status) in the relationship between mindfulness and work engagement. Thus, the research question of this study is, Does the relationship between mindfulness and work engagement differ according to demographic factors such as sex, age, educational status, marital status, income level? In this study, quantitative research methodology will be used. In order to answer the research question, survey tool is applied to 142 white collar employees working in Istanbul at different sectors.
Gamification
Authors: Kumari Sonu
Published: January 2019

In this chapter, the author explores the concept of gamification in general and in context with employee engagement. The emergence and definitions of gamification are explained in the initial part of the chapter. Later, the benefits of gamification, in general, are listed and the linkage between the two (i.e., employee engagement and gamification) is explained. The broad aim of this chapter is to explore gamification as a strategy for employee engagement in the 21st century organizations and how these two are linked. The focus areas for the implementation of gamification form the proceeding section of the chapter. The chapter also highlights the benefits and criticism of gamification. Later, the author states the ways by which organizations are benefitted with the application of gamification. The criticism of gamification is discussed in the concluding part of the chapter, and the chapter will also facilitate the readers by exemplifying how organizations implement gamification on a realistic level.
Talent Management
Authors: Ngcobo Thembinkosi , Martins Ana , Martins Isabel
Published: January 2019

Toyota South Africa Motors (TSAM) is the leading original equipment manufacturer in South Africa. Business strategy and talent management alignment is therefore the key for business success. For the past couple of years, there has been a frequent executive management turnover and several promotions to senior management positions. The research question was to ascertain the relationship between talent management strategy and the achievement of business objectives. The quantitative research study included a deductive approach. Primary data was collected using a questionnaire survey personally administered by the researchers. Results for two talent management pillars were positive but require some improvements. However, results for succession planning reveal this pillar requires urgent attention to maintain competitive advantage and realize the vision of becoming the mother plant in Africa.
Bio-Ethics of Innovation
Authors: Verrini Anna
Published: January 2019

The word innovation could mean everything new capable of solving in an easier and better way any problem we find in our lives. Any innovation has always created risks, but specifically, now, the innovation related to the information technology poses major problems because of the pervasiveness everywhere, anytime. It can happen that we are not any more capable of doing very basic things without the help of a computer, and unfortunately, too many persons feel strongly that we can solve the crisis we are living now just by innovating. This chapter explores the bio-ethics of innovation.
The New Consumers of India
Authors: Sharma Adya
Published: January 2019

The chapter explores the growing importance of children as consumers. The chapter would first discuss the importance, growth, and views on consumer socialization theory. The chapter would then take the discussion forward by introducing the change in the role of children not just as learners but as influencers. This section of the chapter concludes by initiating a discussion to understand the similarity and differences in the two theories: consumer socialization and reverse socialization. The theoretical overview provides the researchers a premise to integrate consumer socialization theory and reverse socialization to understand how children and parents acquire learning properties to be a consumer. Based on the two theories, a conceptual model was developed by the author to understand and indicate the process of children and parents becoming consumers. The chapter further discusses the changing social and economic scenario in developing nations with a special focus on India.
Celebrity Credibility Influence on Cosmetic Product Purchase Intention
Authors: Chekima Fatima Zohra , Chekima Brahim
Published: January 2019

One of the strategies that are used by companies to differentiate their cosmetic products is celebrity endorsement. Despite this popular advertising technique, researchers and advertisers have not agreed as to which celebrity source characteristics are most effective in influencing consumers' purchase intention. Another important factor that affects consumers' purchase intention is the consumer ethnocentrism level. Consumers in different countries have different preference over local and international products. Thus, the objective of this chapter is to examine the source credibility theory with the moderating role of ethnocentrism. The result suggests that celebrity endorsers' trustworthiness (TR), attractiveness (AT), and expertise (EX) had a significant positive influence on cosmetic product purchase intention (CPPI). The moderating role of ethnocentrism between AT, TR, and CPPI were examined and found to be significant. This indicates that AT and TR are stronger when consumers' ethnocentrism is high.
Place Consumption
Authors: Ojo Sanya
Published: January 2019

This chapter investigates the influence of country of origin's reputation on the notion of place brand and vice versa. Employing a case study methodology, cases of Lagos (Nigeria) and Dubai (UAE) are examined to generate a model of place brand/branding. This model highlights the flow of causality between a nation brand and a city brand. Four themes are highlighted as matters of interest to focus on when recommending a way forward for Lagos city to generate and improve its global reputation in order to increase the footfalls of visitors and expats.
Market Relational Mediation Practices
Authors: Bosiakoh Thomas Antwi , Tetteh Vera Williams , Djamgbah Christian T. , Bosiakoh Phyllis Antwi
Published: January 2019

The importance of developing societies in the global marketplace is never in doubt as they constitute a vital consumer base for products and services from developed countries. Yet, there is a general paucity of research on consumption behavior in developing societies. This chapter draws on Nigerian immigrants' informal entrepreneurship in Ghana to explore how these entrepreneurs respond to consumer demands and needs and the specific clientele attraction strategies they deploy to sustain and expand their businesses. The chapter argues that understanding the entrepreneurs' responses to consumer needs and their customer attraction strategies contributes to a better understanding of these businesses in their current forms, scope, and their future prospects. Ultimately, the chapter sheds light on what shapes consumption practices that make the existence of these businesses in the developing world possible and their relevance for the global marketplace and the globalization discourse.
Elegant and Efficient Communication by Haiku-Like Concise Sentences
Authors: Nitta Yoshihiko
Published: January 2019

Poetic fragmental sentences such as Haiku are often free from grammatical constraint while maintaining full message transmitting power. The author takes Haiku, a classical Japanese concise poetic sentence, as an elegant and efficient communication language for a digital signal system. By using the functional grammar and season-word ontology, the author will throw light on the secret of efficiency in Haiku-like sentences. It is often said that this efficiency comes from artistic mutism—ellipsis or abbreviation. Various events and situations are narrated in a very short and simple sentence, which is composed of a 5-7-5 pattern of letters, words, or phrases. Haiku-like sentences can be composed in non-Japanese, such as English, French, Chinese, etc. The most important Haiku philosophy is “the universality” (Fueki-Ryukou), which was first told by the great poet Basho in 1689. The benefit of universality is even ranging over the digital communication system. That is, the Haiku-like sentence enables highly efficient and concise communication. You can so much as write a cipher by Haiku.
An Overview of RTI in Grades 6–12
Authors: Epler Pam
Published: January 2019

The response to intervention (RTI) service delivery model has been incorporated into elementary schools throughout the United States. This multi-tiered model has been found to assist struggling students in all academic areas through the use of research-based instructional strategies. Because of its success at the elementary level, more and more secondary education institutions are turning to RTI as a viable model that can help students achieve academic success. This chapter provides a history of how the RTI model was established in American elementary schools as well as an overview of how it can be implemented into the secondary educational environment. The chapter also describes the components required for successful implementation along with challenges facing middle and high schools when using the model. This type of service delivery model is a new way of teaching within the secondary educational arena but has been shown to be extremely effective if implemented correctly.
Improving the Literacy Skills of Struggling Writers
Authors: Herring Dawn S.
Published: January 2019

A focus on teaching effective written communication skills is a necessity in our nation's schools. Students must develop good writing skills not only to ensure academic success but also to later thrive in the workplace and in society. For struggling writers, difficulties with written communication that emerged during elementary school will persist into middle school, high school, and beyond if effective interventions are not employed. Implementing a response to intervention (RTI) literacy model that promotes the integration of writing across the curriculum can help schools make huge strides in improving the motivations, skills, and outcomes of struggling writers. This chapter presents specific elements of effective writing instruction as well as instructional strategies that can be employed within an RTI framework to assist struggling writers schoolwide. The focus is on informing not only English/language arts teachers but also content area teachers on research-based classroom writing supports and practical tips for implementation.
From Turnaround to Transformation
Authors: Stobaugh Rebecca , White Crystal , Margarella Erin
Published: January 2019

This chapter focuses on a struggling high school in a rural Kentucky community that made a dramatic turnaround within 2 years after establishing response to intervention structures to support both teachers and students. The principal, special education director, other administrators, district personnel, school improvement specialists, teacher leaders, and school faculty implemented changes that were responsible for the turnaround and for sustaining this success. High expectations, a positive school culture, professional development, guided planning, student assessment, data analysis, research-based intervention programs, and a systems change approach are some of the contributions that led to widespread improvements at the school level and in individual student gains.
SVM-Based Traffic Data Classification for Secured IoT-Based Road Signaling System
Authors: Sankaranarayanan Suresh , Mookherji Srijanee
Published: January 2019

The traffic controlling systems at present are microcontroller-based, which is semi-automatic in nature where time is the only parameter that is considered. With the introduction of IoT in traffic signaling systems, research is being done considering density as a parameter for automating the traffic signaling system and regulate traffic dynamically. Security is a concern when sensitive data of great volume is being transmitted wirelessly. Security protocols that have been implemented for IoT networks can protect the system against attacks and are purely based on standard cryptosystem. They cannot handle heterogeneous data type. To prevent the issues on security protocols, the authors have implemented SVM machine learning algorithm for analyzing the traffic data pattern and detect anomalies. The SVM implementation has been done for the UK traffic data set between 2011-2016 for three cities. The implementation been carried out in Raspberry Pi3 processor functioning as an edge router and SVM machine learning algorithm using Python Scikit Libraries.
A Multi-Stage Fuzzy Model for Assessing Applicants for Faculty Positions in Universities
Authors: Hraiz Raghda , Khader Mariam , Shaout Adnan
Published: January 2019

Assessing applicants for faculty positions in universities involves many issues. Each issue may involve a judgment based on uncertain or imprecise data. The uncertainty in data may exist in the interpretation made by the evaluator. This issue might lead to improper decision making. Modeling such a system using fuzzy logic will provide a more efficient model for handling imprecision. This article presents a fuzzy system for modeling the assessment of applicants for employment at academic universities. This system will utilize a multi-stage fuzzy model for measuring and evaluating the applicants. Utilizing fuzzy logic for applicants' evaluation will help administrators in choosing the best candidates for faculty positions. The fuzzy system was developed using jFuzzyLogic Java library. The reliability of the proposed system was proved by evaluating real-world case studies to prove its effectiveness to mimic human judgment. Moreover, the developed system has been evaluated by comparing it with a traditional mathematical method to prove the credibility and fairness of the proposed fuzzy system.
Energy Efficient Load Balancing in Cloud Data Center Using Clustering Technique
Authors: Thilagavathi N. , Dharani D. Divya , Sasilekha R. , Suruliandi Vasundhara , Uthariaraj V. Rhymend
Published: January 2019

Cloud computing has seen tremendous growth in recent days. As a result of this, there has been a great increase in the growth of data centers all over the world. These data centers consume a lot of energy, resulting in high operating costs. The imbalance in load distribution among the servers in the data center results in increased energy consumption. Server consolidation can be handled by migrating all virtual machines in those underutilized servers. Migration causes performance degradation of the job, based on the migration time and number of migrations. Considering these aspects, the proposed clustering agent-based model improves energy saving by efficient allocation of the VMs to the hosting servers, which reduces the response time for initial allocation. Middle VM migration (MVM) strategy for server consolidation minimizes the number of VM migrations. Further, randomization of extra resource requirement done to cater to real-time scenarios needs more resource requirements than the initial requirement. Simulation results show that the proposed approach reduces the number of migrations and response time for user request and improves energy saving in the cloud environment.
Severity Assessment of a Reported Bug by Considering its Uncertainty and Irregular State
Authors: Kumari Madhu , Sharma Meera , Singh V. B.
Published: January 2019

An accurate bug severity assessment is an important factor in bug fixing. Bugs are reported on the bug tracking system by different users with a fast speed. The size of software repositories is also increasing at an enormous rate. This increased size often has much uncertainty and irregularities. The factors that cause uncertainty are biases, noise and abnormality in data. The authors consider that software bug report phenomena on the bug tracking system keeps an irregular state. Without proper handling of these uncertainties and irregularities, the performance of learning strategies can be significantly reduced. To incorporate and consider these two phenomena, they have used entropy as an attribute to assess bug severity. The authors have predicted the bug severity by using machine learning techniques, namely KNN, J48, RF, RNG, NB, CNN and MLR. They have validated the classifiers using PITS, Eclipse and Mozilla projects. The results show that the proposed entropy-based approaches improves the performance as compared to the state of the art approach considered in this article.