bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Homogenization and simulation of heat transfer through a thin grain layer
Authors: Freudenberg Tom , Eden Michael
Published: June 2024

We investigated the effective influence of grain structures on the heat transfer between a fluid and solid domain using mathematical homogenization. The presented model consists of heat equations inside the different domains, coupled through either perfect or imperfect thermal contact. The size and the period of the grains are of order $\varepsilon$, therefore forming a thin layer. The equation parameters inside the grains also depend on $\varepsilon$. We considered two distinct scenarios: Case (a), where the grains are disconnected, and Case (b), where the grains form a connected geometry but in a way such that the fluid and solid are still in contact. In both cases, we determined the effective differential equations for the limit $\varepsilon \to 0$ via the concept of two-scale convergence for thin layers. We also presented and studied a numerical algorithm to solve the homogenized problem.
Didactic Design of Teaching Materials Created by Future Teachers in the Czech Republic
Authors: Straková Nikola , Hrmo Roman
Published: June 2024

This paper describes research on the didactic design of teaching materials created by Czech future teachers in their university theses. The results of the research indicate that the teaching materials for future teachers are far from achieving the highest level of didactic design. The average value of the coefficient of the total didactic design is only 26%. The weakest aspect of the teaching materials is the component of the learning management system. This fact implies a significant underestimation of the learning process. Students preparing for the teaching profession have not demonstrated the ability to compile didactically well-developed teaching material in their final theses. They use only a limited number of structural components, and therefore the basic function of teaching materials, the didactic function, is not fully fulfilled. The didactic function ensures the effective usability of textbooks and similar texts in actual education.
Making Computer Science Accessible through Universal Design for Learning in Inclusive Education
Authors: Salgarayeva Gulnaz , Makhanova Aigul
Published: June 2024

The field of technology and computer science (CS) is developing dynamically. Just as anyone can learn computers at any age, students with special educational needs (SEN) also aspire to acquire IT (information technology) knowledge on an equal footing with all other students. However, one of the obstacles facing students with SEN is the lack of educational materials and programs for CS in secondary schools. The authors have designed teaching materials and assignments that promote inclusion. This study aims to evaluate the impact of teaching resources developed based on universal design for learning (UDL) to make the school’s CS course accessible to all students. The experiment involved 16 students and five teachers. For 8 weeks, students studied computer science using training materials based on UDL. Assessment of knowledge outcome indicators, particularly programming skills, was conducted before and after the experiment. After studying computer science through specific tasks, the interviewees demonstrated a higher level of assimilation of the subject, as indicated by the subsequent test results (mean = 12.13, standard deviation = 1.20), compared to the pre-experimental test (mean = 8.94, standard deviation = 1.12). The study demonstrated that using special UDLbased tasks to teach CS makes it more accessible and has a positive impact on students with special educational needs.
Comparative Analysis of the Switching Behavior of Synchronous and Asynchronous Online Learners in Higher Education
Authors: Rai Laxmisha , Deng Chunrao , Liu Fasheng
Published: June 2024

This study examines the phenomenon of learner behavior change in synchronous and asynchronous online learning environments. The article assesses the level, stage, reasons, and impact of change among online learners. To facilitate systematic analysis, a set of comparison parameters has been developed. These parameters include success and failure rates, mode and location of learning, level of interaction, group and individualized learning, courses with practical exercises, economic factors, self-regulated learning, indicators of change, technological tools, learner satisfaction, and the impact of a blended learning model. Overall, this article contributes to the understanding of online learners’ behavioral changes and provides valuable information to educators, administrators, and online education providers for designing effective online learning environments. The identified parameters can serve as a foundation for future research on how synchronous or asynchronous modes can either enhance or hinder the overall learning experience of online learners.
Democratizing Education AI and OpenAI Models for Global Access to Knowledge
Authors: Isayeva Sevinj
Published: June 2024

This chapter delves into an examination of the role of artificial intelligence models in the democratization of education. The central focus of the study revolves around the utilization of AI-supported technologies in education, with particular emphasis on enhancing the learning experience and ensuring accessibility to education and knowledge. Moreover, the chapter comprehensively addresses the advantages of employing AI technologies in the process of transitioning towards democratizing education, along with potential challenges encountered during the adaptation phase, aiming to comprehend their overall impact. Additionally, the chapter provides nuanced insights into various applications and usage fields for diverse AI technologies. In conclusion, it underscores that the effective and efficient deployment of these technologies is contingent upon a holistic consideration of ethical, regulatory, and social issues.
Impact of AI on the Flower of Service Model in the Hospitality Industry
Authors: Noor Nurhafihz , Sim Karen S.
Published: June 2024

With increasing opportunities for the hospitality industry to interact with customers using artificial intelligence (AI), hospitality managers need to decide on the services that are most suited to integrate AI. This requires an understanding of how AI affects different service activities. To address this, this study discusses the impact of AI on various service components using the Flower of Service Model. This chapter contributes to the study of AI innovation in services marketing by showing the relevance of seminal services marketing frameworks in the emerging AI landscape and providing strategic insights for hospitality managers to effectively implement AI in hospitality services.
Literature Review on the XR Technologies in Tourism
Authors: Tavares Rogerio , Sousa João Paulo , Correia Ricardo F. , Fernandes Tiago
Published: June 2024

This chapter begins with a concise overview of recent studies and reports on how the tourism industry is embracing digital transformation. This initial section aims to provide context for the current significance of technology adoption in tourism and an insight into the prevailing strategies and challenges faced by the industry. In light of this context, it becomes essential to delve into the scientific literature to comprehend how it reflects the evolution of technology adoption within tourism, including themes under investigation and potential trends. Hence, the following section delves into a bibliometric analysis of scientific production related to the use of technologies in tourism over the past decade. This study enables us to gain a comprehensive understanding of the evolving scientific literature on technology adoption in tourism and it sets forth an agenda for future research, paving the way for advancements in the realm of new digital technologies in the tourism sector.
Bridging Industry 5.0 With Location Science and Geospatial Intelligence
Authors: Ajayi Oluibukun Gbenga
Published: June 2024

Geospatial intelligence has become a vital tool for businesses to navigate complex spatial relationships and make informed decisions especially in the advent of Industry 5.0 which is characterized by hyperconnectivity, automation, and human-technology collaboration. This chapter explores the intersection of Industry 5.0 and geospatial science and the key requirements for the integration of geospatial science in Industry 5.0 while also highlighting how advancements in location intelligence technologies are reshaping industries, enhancing operational efficiency, and driving sustainable development. From smart cities to precision agriculture, the integration of geospatial data and analytics revolutionizes how organizations optimize workflows, mitigate risks, and deliver value in an increasingly interconnected world.
Innovative Eco-Friendly Solutions for Sustainability in the Packaging Industry
Authors: Kaur Uttam , Siddhey Prashant Kumar
Published: June 2024

Businesses are under pressure to embrace innovation for their survival, efficiency, and environmental performance, and to gain a competitive edge due to the shifting ecological environment and growing awareness of sustainability and waste management challenges. An increasing number of businesses are eager to implement an eco-innovation strategy to demonstrate their commitment to environmental protection and waste avoidance. As a result, packaging has an impact on society and the environment globally while also providing possibilities. Additional empirical study is needed to investigate the aspects that contribute to the effectiveness of environmentally friendly packaging innovation. The purpose of this chapter is to analyze the eco-innovation of the packaging industry and comprehend how technological capabilities, organizational capabilities, managerial knowledge of the environment, and human capabilities all play a role in the successful application of ecological design innovation in packaging and its effects on avoiding waste and brand.
Enhancing Patients' E-Health Engagement Through Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Chauhan Abhijeet Singh , Gulati Chanda , Mathur Garima , Sankpal Shilpa
Published: June 2024

The burgeoning interest in AI within medical research has sparked significant attention, particularly its integration into healthcare services. Despite advancements in AI-assisted healthcare, its practical implementation and impact on patients have been somewhat constrained. The current study investigated the interplay between patients' knowledge of AI, their perceptions of its usefulness and ease of use, attitudes towards AI systems, and their engagement with e-health platforms. Though AI assisted in terms of Medicare facilities, the applicability from patients' perspective is limited. The present research aimed to measure the relationship between patients' AI knowledge, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitudes towards AI systems, and e-health engagement. The explanatory research method has been adopted for current research work. The research was conducted on 417 patients using AI-based healthcare apps. The study provides several theoretical and practical implications in terms of utilizing AI in the healthcare sector to ensure patients' well-being and health engagement.
The Application of AI in Drug Discovery
Authors: Khan Ihtiram Raza , Grover Veena , Fatima Iram , Alam Mehtab , Ahmad Naved
Published: June 2024

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into drug discovery represents a transformative milestone in the field of healthcare. With the advent of AI technologies, researchers are equipped with unprecedented tools to address the intricate challenges that inherent in drug development. This chapter explores the profound impact of AI on revolutionizing the pharmaceutical industry, offering novel solutions to enhance research and development (R&D) performance and accelerate therapeutic innovation. The chapter also highlights the critical role of AI-enabled platforms in identifying promising drug prospects and presents a roadmap for effective integration strategies. Additionally, it delves into emerging techniques and applications at the forefront of AI-enabled drug research, offering insights into future opportunities and advancements in the field.
Serpentes no imaginário popular no quilombo de Mata Cavalo
Authors: Santana Ronaldo Henrique , Leite Mário Cézar Silva
Published: June 2024

Dentre as inúmeras imagens que povoam o imaginário humano, a serpente é uma das mais poderosas. Ao compor diferentes narrativas ao redor do mundo, incorpora enredos cosmogônicos, escatológicos, remetem à renovação do tempo e a transformação da vida, bem como pode ser síntese da morte e da demonstração da fragilidade humana. Na perspectiva da imagem serpente, como símbolo multifacetado, ambivalente e plurissemântico, buscamos neste trabalho compreender as diferentes narrativas sobre as serpentes, num complexo de comunidades quilombolas, denominado “Complexo Quilombola de Mata Cavalo” ou “Quilombo de Mata Cavalo”, situada no município de Nossa Senhora do Livramento, Mato Grosso, Brasil. A partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, fundamentando-nos na cartografia do Imaginário (Sato, 2011), nas pesquisas interdisciplinares sobre o imaginário e simbolismo (Durand, 2002); Eliade (1969, 2008), Chevalier e Gheerbrant (2015), dentre outros autores, evidenciaremos neste trabalho como as serpentes adentram o imaginário da comunidade e se deslocam do campo natural para o sobrenatural, que afetam as ações dos narradores e as aproximam de outras perspectivas simbólicas universais. Seja nas práticas dos “benzedeiros” e “benzedeiras”, nas crenças judaico-cristãs disseminadas nas comunidades de Mata Cavalo, na manipulação das partes do animal, na confecção de remédios, adereços, etc., as serpentes continuam sendo síntese de mistérios e histórias, perpassadas por suas características e comportamentos, que as lançam neste campo desfronteirado entre cultura, natureza e sobrenatureza.
Crianza comparada pero no revuelta: el trabajo de Nadezda N. Ladygina-Kohts con el chimpancé Joni y el humano Roody
Authors: Gómez Soriano Rubén , Loredo Narciandi José Carlos
Published: June 2024

En los años previos a la Revolución de Octubre, la rusa Nadezda N. Ladygina-Kohts llevó a cabo una investigación en el campo de la primatología comparada que sentaría las bases para un paradigma experimental aún vigente. Desarrolló una serie de observaciones y experimentos con una cría de chimpancé llamada Joni, a la que crió en su propio hogar. Repitió con Roody, su hijo, las mismas observaciones y experimentos que había realizado con el chimpancé, comparando las similitudes y diferencias entre ellos. El trabajo de Ladygina-Kohts fue muy valorado en su época y autores tan conocidos como Yerkes, Köhler o Harlow se hicieron eco del mismo e intercambiaron correspondencia con ella o visitaron el Laboratorio de Zoología del Museo Darwiniano de Moscú, del cual fue codirectora junto a su marido Alexander Kohts. El estudio comparativo de la cría de chimpancé y de su propio hijo fue pionero en psicología comparada aplicada a los primates, entre otras cosas, por conseguir criar a un chimpancé por un periodo más o menos largo, y demostrar por vez primera que el animal era capaz de cierto pensamiento abstracto. Pese a ello, La cría de chimpancé y el niño humano [Infant Chimpanzee and Human Child], el libro en el que plasmó dicha investigación y que se publicó en 1935, no se tradujo del ruso al inglés hasta 2002. Es esa edición inglesa la que analizamos aquí desde una sensibilidad genealógica. Situamos la obra de Ladygina-Kohts en la estela de las observaciones de procesos de crianza, comparándola así con otros escritos como el Esbozo biográfico de un bebé de Darwin, perteneciente a una tradición de diarios de crianza que se remonta a los últimos años del siglo XVIII. También abordamos su obra en lo que toca a su importancia en la primatología comparada y sugerimos posibles elementos de vigencia de la misma.
Transdisciplinaridade na educação linguística com crianças: propulsionando o engajamento textual
Authors: Ferreira Otto Henrique Silva , Tonelli Juliana Reichert Assunção
Published: June 2024

Tendo em vista os novos desafios que se apresentam para professores e alunos em um contexto já afetado pela falta de diretrizes nacionais, que é o do ensino de línguas adicionais para crianças, compreendemos que atividades transdisciplinares organizadas em uma sequência didática possam potencializar o desenvolvimento linguístico dos alunos, com gêneros textuais como megainstrumento para o ensino e a aprendizagem. Neste trabalho apresentamos análises qualitativas-interpretativistas de excertos de interações ao longo da aplicação de três atividades de uma sequência didática do gênero canção contemporânea pop com foco no engajamento textual para a educação linguística crítica na infância. Foram utilizados elementos da língua inglesa e da linguagem musical para a realização de atividades de caráter transdisciplinar junto aos alunos de uma turma de quarto ano, em uma escola da rede privada de ensino localizada em uma cidade no norte do Paraná, com o objetivo de produzir uma canção contemporânea pop com função motivacional em inglês. Em relação às considerações finais, observamos que a resolução de um problema, por meio da transdisciplinaridade, colaborou para o engajamento textual e o desenvolvimento linguístico dos alunos participantes na pesquisa, resultando na superação de desafios impostos pelo contexto e colaborando para a concretização do projeto de classe proposto.
Influências do polonês sobre a produção de /l/ pós-vocálico: dados dos Rio Grande do Sul e do Paraná
Authors: Vieira Aline Rosinski , Ferreira-Gonçalves Giovana
Published: June 2024

Neste trabalho, são analisadas produções de /l/ pós-vocálico do português brasileiro produzidas por falantes de comunidades bilíngues nas quais se utiliza o polonês como língua de imigração. Foram coletados os dados de um falante bilíngue no município paranaense de Araucária para comparação com os resultados de Vieira (2019), cujas produções foram realizadas por falantes bilíngues do município gaúcho de Dom Feliciano. Para a caracterização das produções, os dados foram submetidos à análise acústica, a fim de se observar o nível de velarização da lateral, em acordo com Narayanan, Alwan, e Haker (1997), Recasens, Fontdevila, e Pallarès (1995), Recasens (2004) e Brod (2014). Em cada produção, foram medidos os valores de F1 e F2, e a média da diferença entre F1 e F2, que é o parâmetro para se determinar o nível de velarização de /l/. As análises indicaram que as produções do sujeito paranaense se caracterizam por um alto nível de velarização, e, em alguns casos, pela vocalização. Dessa forma, distinguem-se das produções da lateral observadas na fala de sujeitos gaúchos que utilizam o polonês com frequência similar e nos mesmos espaços de convivência – o espaço familiar –, as quais são menos velarizadas (mais anteriores). As produções dos sujeitos gaúchos não excluem realizações de /l/ mais velarizadas. No entanto, estas produções emergem na fala de sujeitos que convivem rotineiramente em espaços em que não se utiliza o polonês. Outro aspecto revelado nas produções da lateral pelo sujeito paranaense é relativo à influência do contexto vocálico, com produções menos velarizadas de /l/ em contexto de vogais anteriores. Em uma análise preliminar, portanto, os resultados indiciam distinções fonético-fonológicas entre as produções de /l/ pós-vocálico das duas comunidades influenciadas pelo polonês como língua de imigração.
Monitoria acadêmica em universidades públicas paranaenses: uma análise crítica pelo viés regimental
Authors: Barros Eliana Merlin Deganutti de , Cristovão Vera Lúcia Lopes
Published: June 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar os resultados de um mapeamento do funcionamento da monitoria acadêmica nas instituições de ensino superior (IES) que compõem a rede Lila (Laboratório Integrado de Letramentos Acadêmico-Científicos), do ponto de vista regimental. O Lila foi criado, em junho de 2020, como um projeto interinstitucional integrado – ensino, pesquisa e extensão –, e registrado, inicialmente, na Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL). O projeto tem previsto, como uma de suas ações, a realização de cursos de formação para monitores que devem atuar nas IES públicas do Paraná que integram a rede. Partindo de uma visão de monitoria como ferramenta formativa (Natário, 2001) e de letramentos acadêmico-científicos como uma singularidade de usos da língua/linguagem, em um contexto específico (Navarro, Cristovão, & Furtoso, 2021), este estudo busca subsidiar uma pesquisa maior, de natureza aplicada, cujo objetivo é desenvolver e validar um curso de formação para monitores do projeto, que articule atividades de cunho autoinstrucional com momentos de formação síncrona. Para o levantamento proposto, são analisadas as respostas a um questionário sobre o funcionamento institucional da monitoria acadêmica aplicado aos coordenadores do Lila das dez IES integrantes da rede, no momento da geração dos dados, e os documentos que regem a monitoria acadêmica nessas mesmas IES. Os resultados mostram que os documentos que normatizam a monitoria acadêmica nessas IES, de forma geral, precisam ser atualizados para dar mais flexibilidade aos projetos, a fim de que o ensino possa ser integrado à pesquisa e à extensão e a monitoria seja mais valorizada do ponto de vista formativo.
Litania da velha, de Arlete da Cruz: a melancolia, o discurso do abandono e o sagrado
Authors: Piauilino Ingrid Lopes Rodrigues , Lima Welistony Câmara , Morais Solange Santana Guimarães
Published: June 2024

O poema Litania da Velha (Cruz, 1997), de Arlete Nogueira da Cruz, condensa as relações entre a narrativa de uma Velha e da cidade de São Luís, especialmente do espaço Centro Histórico. É dentro deste cenário que o sujeito lírico tece a melancolia da passagem temporal, em um transcorrer da vida cotidiana, permeada pela velhice, abandono e sagrado/profano. Neste sentido, a pesquisa tem como objetivos: compreender a presença da melancolia construída dentro do texto em questão; discutir a verossimilhança entre o espaço e a Velha; analisar o discurso do abandono de menores e do sagrado na poética. Para tanto, foi necessário trilhar pela metodologia de cunho qualitativo e bibliográfico, elencando autores como Walter Benjamin (1989), Marcelo Lima Costa (2016), Dinacy M. Corrêa (2010), entre outros trabalhos pertinentes na área. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho se destaca, pois propõe uma óptica diferente acerca do poema maranhense consagrado, bem como porque destaca a produção literária local.
‘Tem como vocês me enviarem uma pizza?’: a camuflagem em ligações de denúncia de violência contra a mulher
Authors: Guedes Esther de Paula , Frezza Mineia
Published: June 2024

Este estudo, que está inserido na área interdisciplinar da Linguística Aplicada, visa analisar ligações de emergência realizadas para o 190 durante a pandemia de covid-19 que denunciam violência contra a mulher por meio de solicitações camufladas realizadas na presença dos agressores. Neste artigo, duas ligações naturalísticas dessa natureza, disponíveis no Youtube, são analisadas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, com base na perspectiva teórico-metodológica da Análise da Conversa (AC). Durante a análise sobre as ações interacionais performadas, observou-se uma estrutura organizacional recorrente nessas ligações camufladas. Em todas elas, gera-se uma quebra de expectativa, a qual é resolvida por meio de algumas ações interacionais e recursos semióticos distintos, tais como iniciação de reparo e solicitações específicas de informação, permeadas por pausas, entonações acentuadas, alongamentos de sons e repetições, que operam em prol do alcance da intersubjetividade. Por fim, a partir dos resultados obtidos, salienta-se a relevância deste trabalho de modo a: (a) contribuir com o avanço dos estudos de fala-em-interação no Brasil; (b) promover oficinas de capacitação aos profissionais do 190 a partir da demanda de desvendar ligações camufladas; e (c) orientar vítimas potenciais sobre a possibilidade de utilizarem camuflagem como uma forma de denúncia de violência contra a mulher enquanto na presença dos agressores.
Variação linguística e o protagonismo dos acadêmicos de Letras: um olhar sobre as crenças linguísticas
Authors: Santos Douglas Afonso dos , Ruiz Silvia Helena de Freitas , Almeida Joyce Elaine de
Published: June 2024

Ensinar sobre a Língua Portuguesa na Educação Básica é um desafio para os profissionais que se formam no curso de Letras. A despeito da publicação de documentos como a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (Brasil, 2017), vê-se que a prática em sala de aula ainda se vincula, majoritariamente, ao tradicionalismo gramatical. Assim, partindo do pressuposto de que a maneira como os professores concebem a língua pode influenciar o seu ensino na escola, objetivamos neste artigo analisar as crenças linguísticas de alunos do curso de Letras – Língua Portuguesa da Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), tendo como base teórica os pressupostos da Sociolinguística Educacional (Bortoni-Ricardo, 2005) e dos estudos sobre as atitudes linguísticas (Lambert & Lambert, 1981). O percurso metodológico compreende a realização de uma pesquisa de campo, com abordagem qualitativa, na qual foi utilizado um teste de crenças linguísticas adaptado de Santos (2022). Quanto aos sujeitos da pesquisa, optamos pela inclusão de acadêmicos que estavam no primeiro e no último ano do curso, a fim de verificar o processo de (des)construção de determinadas crenças linguísticas. Em linhas gerais, os resultados comprovam que os graduandos modificam algumas dessas crenças ao longo de sua formação, principalmente no que diz respeito à correlação entre variação linguística e ensino.
Meta-structure based on coupled resonators for low-frequency broadband sound absorption
Authors: Santos Lucas Adelmo , Almeida Gildean do Nascimento , Vergara Erasmo Felipe , Barbosa Leandro Rodrigues , Farias Linconl César Bastos
Published: June 2024

This work investigates and explains the behavior of an acoustic meta-structure based on different coupled Helmholtz resonators (HR). The analytical formulation of the Maa model is used to represent both the acoustic impedance and the sound absorption mechanism of the absorber. The structures are numerically modeled using finite element method and validated experimentally in an impedance tube considering sound waves of normal incidence. The absorber samples were manufactured in ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) polymer material with the additive manufacturing technique by extrusion of material. The results of the impedance tube, numerical and theoretical tests showed agreement and the sound absorber showed a sub-wavelength scale with perfect sound absorption (  0.97) and broadband of 292 Hz in the low frequency region (200 - 600 Hz). We deduced that the excellent experimental result obtained is due to the high resolution used in the sample manufacturing (± 0.1 mm) which minimized manufacture errors. Finally, the influences of the main parameters of the HR panel (width and depth of the micro-slit) on the sound absorption coefficient of the absorber were also analyzed.
Soil suction effects on CPT data interpretation
Authors: Rocha Breno Padovezi , Rodrigues Roger Augusto , Giacheti Heraldo Luiz
Published: June 2024

The Cone Penetration Test (CPT) is one of the most widely used in situ test for site characterization and estimation of geotechnical parameters estimative. Its benefits include speed, reliability, repeatability, and the ability to provide continuous data. Although the interpretation is well-established for saturated and dry soils, it remains limited for unsaturated soils. This paper presents and discusses the influence of the unsaturated condition in CPTs performed on tropical soil site. Four CPT campaigns and gravimetric water content profiles have been determined in different periods over two years. Soil-water retention curves (SWRC) were used to estimate in situ soil suction. It was observed that the CPT data were influenced by soil suction up to 6.0 m depth. Two semi-empirical approaches based on bearing capacity theory and effective stress principle were used for data interpretation. These approaches allowed to assess the soil suction influence on CPT and to define the typical test profile with no suction effects. The importance of considering soil suction in the CPT interpretation on unsaturated soils is highlighted, and the effective stress approach is suggested as a starting point.
A driver perspective-based investigation for lane line visibility of pavements on drivers’ lane utilization behaviors
Authors: Aydın Metin Mutlu , Orhan Eda
Published: June 2024

There have been significant advances in vehicle safety and road construction in all over the world and driver misbehaviours are still shown as one of the most important reasons of traffic accidents. When the current traffic accidents are examined, the negative effect of lane line quality and level of visibility related on the accidents comes to the forefront in underdeveloped and developing countries. In this study, the effect of lane line visibility level on drivers' lane utilization was investigated in detail. For this aim, a total of 17 different points in Türkiye were selected and the lateral positions of the vehicles on the road surface at these points were determined with the help of the screen scaling technique. In order to determine the level of lane line quality for an expert group and driver perspective, a face-to-face survey was conducted. From the analysis results, the lane line quality was determined low in urban and intercity roads, and the average maximum evaluation score was determined as 4.7 and the lowest score was determined as 1.42 where the best line quality was 5. This result showed that the level of lane line quality had significant differences at different points. Although, it was observed that the lateral position distributions in the examined points fit the normal distribution, the distribution of both the right/left wheels and their gravity center skewed to the right or left and deviated from the ideal conditions on road surfaces. It showed that the vehicles do not center the lanes exactly, but usually move close to the right or left edge of the lane. This situation also clearly revealed that the lane utilization disciplines of drivers are quite weak with the effect of the low lane line quality on road surfaces.
POSTGRADUATE INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF COLOMBO, ANNUAL RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 2023 - ABSTRACTS
Authors: JPGIM Co-Editors
Published: June 2024

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Clinical profile of dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever in Indonesian children: A six year retrospective study
Authors: Juliansen Andry , Muljono Michelle Patricia , Budiputri Charista Lydia , Meliani Fellisa , Heriyanto Rivaldo Steven , Chandra Shally , Octavius Gilbert Sterling
Published: June 2024

Background: Dengue infection is still a significant public health problem in Indonesia. An appropriate clinical profile is helpful in early identification of patients with a high risk for severe dengue infection. Objectives: To report the prevalence, characteristics, and clinical outcomes of patients with dengue fever (DF) and dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF). Method: This was a retrospective study of childhood hospitalisation in Siloam Hospitals Lippo Village, Indonesia from January 2015 to December 2020. Demographic data, clinical signs, and laboratory findings were collected and processed using SPSS version 26.  Results: Of 528 patients, 85.6% were DF, 10.4% were DHF grades I and II, and 4% were DHF grades III and IV. Median ages of patients with DF, DHF grades I and II, and DHF grades III and IV were 10.9, 12.4 and 8.5 years respectively. Common clinical symptoms of DF patients were headache (67.5%), loss of appetite (41.8%), and vomiting (40.9%). While 52.7% patients with DHF grades I and II had respiratory symptoms, 42.9% patients with DHF grades III and IV had hepatomegaly. Conclusions: Common clinical symptoms of DF and DHF patients were headache, loss of appetite  and vomiting. Whilst 52.7% patients with DHF grades I and II had respiratory symptoms, 42.9% patients with DHF grades III and IV had hepatomegaly.
Risk factors of developmental delay in children from the age group of 6 months to 6 years
Authors: Gaikwad Sarika , Uke Punam , Kundalwal Ashwini , Swarnakar Keerti
Published: June 2024

Background: Infants at risk for developmental delay (DD) have a history of one or more risk factors that occurred during pregnancy, the perinatal period, or after birth. Despite numerous studies on high-risk pregnancies and child development in advanced countries, there is scanty data from developing nations like India. Objectives: To determine the antenatal, natal and postnatal risk factors of DD in children aged 6 months to 6 years.  Method: A case-control study comprising 61 infants with DD and 61 controls was carried out at Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, Sawangi (Meghe) in Maharashtra from December 2019 to May 2020. Children with DD were taken as cases and children without DD as controls. A questionnaire delivered to mothers was used to gather data. Data analysis was carried out using STATA, version 10 software. Results: Common risk factors were caesarean sections (55%), infections (58%), and chronic disorders during pregnancy (49%). Maternal infections, chronic diseases during pregnancy, caesarean section, failure to cry after birth and absence of breastfeeding were significantly more in cases compared to controls.  Conclusions: In this case-control study, maternal infections, chronic diseases during pregnancy, caesarean section, failure to cry after birth and absence of breastfeeding were risk factors of DD in children aged 6 months to 6 years.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of herbal and non-herbal oral formulations for the prevention of oral diseases in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bhusari Bhuvanesh Nitin , Hugar Shivayogi M. , Kohli Neha , Gokhale Niraj , Karmarkar Sanika , Hugar Shweta
Published: June 2024

No abstract available
Emeritus Professor of Paediatrics Priyani Elizabeth Soysa: An icon is no more
Authors: Perera B. J. C.
Published: June 2024

No abstract available
Human Alveolar and Monocyte-Derived Human Macrophage Responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Campo Monica , Dill-McFarland Kimberly A , Peterson Glenna J , Benson Basilin , Skerrett Shawn J , Hawn Thomas R
Published: June 2024

Alveolar macrophages (AMs) and recruited monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) mediate early lung immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Differences in the response of these distinct cell types are poorly understood and may provide insight into mechanisms of tuberculosis pathogenesis. The objective of this study was to determine whether M. tuberculosis induces unique and essential antimicrobial pathways in human AMs compared with MDMs. Using paired human AMs and 5-d MCSF-derived MDMs from six healthy volunteers, we infected cells with M. tuberculosis H37Rv for 6 h, isolated RNA, and analyzed transcriptomic profiles with RNA sequencing. We found 681 genes that were M. tuberculosis dependent in AMs compared with MDMs and 4538 that were M. tuberculosis dependent in MDMs, but not AMs (false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05). Using hypergeometric enrichment of DEGs in Broad Hallmark gene sets, we found that type I and II IFN Response were the only gene sets selectively induced in M. tuberculosis–infected AM (FDR < 0.05). In contrast, MYC targets, unfolded protein response and MTORC1 signaling, were selectively enriched in MDMs (FDR < 0.05). IFNA1, IFNA8, IFNE, and IFNL1 were specifically and highly upregulated in AMs compared with MDMs at baseline and/or after M. tuberculosis infection. IFNA8 modulated M. tuberculosis–induced proinflammatory cytokines and, compared with other IFNs, stimulated unique transcriptomes. Several DNA sensors and IFN regulatory factors had higher expression at baseline and/or after M. tuberculosis infection in AMs compared with MDMs. These findings demonstrate that M. tuberculosis infection induced unique transcriptional responses in human AMs compared with MDMs, including upregulation of the IFN response pathway and specific DNA sensors.
Monitoring medication adherence using smart digital technology in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Setiyowati Eppy , Firdaus Firdaus , Wardani Erika Martining , Mulyadi Mulyadi
Published: June 2024

Pulmonary tuberculosis cases can arise due to various factors, including treatment fatigue resulting from prolonged therapy, insufficient patient knowledge about the condition, geographical distance between patients’ residences and healthcare facilities, a lack of reminders from healthcare workers regarding medication adherence, and the perception that treatment provided at community health centers may be inadequate. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of digital smart applications in enhancing medication adherence among pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Utilizing a trial survey approach, the research focused on patients seeking treatment at the Surabaya Community Health Center. Smart digital applications were employed to monitor medication adherence, with patients inputting their data via cell phones. The study recorded data over one month and found that while some patients struggled to operationalize the smart digital application, many were able to utilize it effectively. Overall, the findings suggest that smart digital applications can be valuable tools for monitoring medication adherence among pulmonary tuberculosis patients, particularly for older adults.
Mental Health, Stigma, Resilience, and Mental Health Literacy among Schoolteachers: A Cross-sectional Survey from South India
Authors: Kashyap Rithvik S. , Sahithya B. R. , D’Souza Lancy
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

The mental well-being of teachers profoundly influences educational quality and directly impacts the mental health of students. Recognizing the challenges faced by schoolteachers is crucial for policymakers to address these issues.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to investigate Indian schoolteachers’ mental health, aiming to uncover issues such as stigma, resilience, and mental health literacy.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study employed an online survey method, incorporating demographic information, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Reported and Intended Behaviour Scale, and Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire. Google Form survey was disseminated through e-mail to teachers across 65 schools. The study targeted full-time teachers aged between 25 and 50 years, with at least 3 years of experience.

Results:

Among the 404 completed surveys, a significant majority (59.4%) of teachers demonstrated elevated scores, signaling a need for diagnostic evaluation for anxiety and depression, with 37.4% experiencing comorbid symptoms, and 30.7% reporting elevated stress levels. Teachers with anxiety and depression symptomatology had significantly lower hardiness (t = 3.616, P ≤ 0.001), coping (t = 2.946, P = 0.003), optimism (t = 2.156, P = 0.032), emotion regulation (t = 3.133, P = 0.002), self-efficacy (t = 5.042, P ≤ 0.001), and total resilience scores (t = 3.213, P = 0.001). Despite the majority reporting no personal experience with mental health issues, a substantial number expressed neutrality toward living (42.8%), working (36.1%), or residing nearby (37.6%) with individuals with mental health problems. However, 34.9% slightly disagreed with maintaining relationships with friends facing mental health challenges. While teachers exhibited above-average knowledge of mental health problems and related skills, they also displayed higher levels of erroneous beliefs or stereotypes.

Conclusion:

These results provide preliminary, data-based insights into the mental health, resilience, stigma, and mental health literacy of schoolteachers in India. The findings underscore the need for targeted programs to empower teachers as effective gatekeepers of child and adolescent mental health.
Effectiveness of shoulder mobilization combined with muscle energy technique in the management of adhesive capsulitis: A randomized control trial
Authors: Alam Md. Farhan , Azharuddin Muhammad , Zaki Saima
Published: June 2024

Background:

Adhesive capsulitis is a debilitating condition characterized by a gradual, painful loss of shoulder motion. As a part of physical therapy programs, mobilization techniques are an important part of the intervention. However, the potential utility of mobilization along with other interventions under supervision is not explored, especially compared to home program exercises.

Aim:

The objective of the study was to compare the effects of the combination of Maitland’s mobilization protocol and muscle energy techniques (METs) with self-directed nonsupervised general home exercise program (HEP) in frozen shoulder patients.

Methods:

A total of 24 subjects (14 females and 10 males) were randomized into mobilization with supervised exercise therapy (MSE) group (n = 12) and HEP group (n = 12). Subjects in the MSE group were given Maitland’s mobilization technique and MET for 3 sets (10 glides per set), 3 times/week for 6 weeks, and nonsupervised general HEP for the HEP group. Pain intensity and range of motions (ROMs) of the shoulder were measured for both the groups at the completion of the study duration.

Results:

Both the groups showed alleviation in pain, but a significant improvement was found in the MSE group than the HEP group. The within-group study showed that ROM was improved in flexion, abduction, external rotation (ER), and internal rotation in the two groups; however, the percentage change was higher in the MSE group than in the HEP group. Significant group effect (P = 0.041 and P = 0.009), time effect (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001), and group × time effects (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001) were found for flexion and ER ROM.

Conclusions:

A supervised protocol that includes mobilization and other exercises can be an alternative protocol used for the treatment of frozen shoulder without profound adverse effects.
Exploring medical humanities from heterogeneous focus groups: A thematic analysis
Authors: Yi Lieh-Yu , Tseng Ting-Chun , Chu Shao-Yin
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

Medical humanities has evolved to encompass a multidisciplinary approach, integrating humanities, social sciences, and arts into medical education and practice. Despite its flourishing development, the definition of medical humanities still requires refinement to be inclusive of various cultures and regions. This study aimed to explore perceptions among students, physicians, and nurses, with a focus on the definition, learning, and implementation of medical humanities.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted four heterogeneous focus groups, comprising 4th-year and 6th-year medical students, physicians (including three medical humanities educators), and nurses. Data collection utilized semi-structured guiding questions, followed by thematic analysis. The transcripts were manually analyzed in their original Mandarin, and participant names were anonymized to ensure that the authors remained unaware of the participants’ identities throughout the study.

Results:

The analysis identified three themes and 16 subthemes. Theme 1, “Medical Humanities Properties,” included four subthemes: variety, evolvement, clinical relevancy, and the value of humaneness. Theme 2, “Medical Humanities Contents,” comprised seven subthemes: self-cultivation, communication, empathy, cultural competence, medical ethics and law, embodiment, and one subtheme open for interpretation in varying circumstances. Theme 3, “Medical Humanities Cultivation,” included five subthemes: personal growth, curriculum, multimedia, clinical experience, and metacognition.

Conclusion:

Our study introduces a three-layered framework of medical humanities, emphasizing the field’s dynamic nature and the critical role of experiential learning in developing key competencies such as empathy, awareness, and communication. This framework incorporates the concept of “self-cultivation” from Eastern philosophy, accentuating the significance of well-being for health-care professionals. The research not only enriches medical humanities education and practice by incorporating Eastern perspectives but also deepens the overall understanding of humanity in health care.
Machine Learning Based Intelligent Management System for Energy Storage Using Computing Application
Authors: Panigrahi Bhawani Sankar , Kanna R. Kishore , Paramita Das Pragyan , Sahoo Susanta Kumar , Dutta Tanusree
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION: Cloud computing, a still emerging technology,  allows customers to pay for services based on usage. It provides internet-based services, whilst virtualization optimizes a PC’s available resources.
OBJECTIVES: The foundation of cloud computing is the data center, comprising networked computers, cables, electricity components, and various other elements that host and store corporate data. In cloud data centres, high performance has always been a critical concern, but this often comes at the cost of increased energy consumption.
METHODS: The most problematic factor is reducing power consumption while maintaining service quality and performance to balance system efficiency and energy use. Our proposed approach requires a comprehensive understanding of energy usage patterns within the cloud environment.
RESULTS: We examined power consumption trends to demonstrate that with the application of the right optimization principles based on energy consumption models, significant energy savings can be made in cloud data centers. During the prediction phase, tablet optimization, with its 97 % accuracy rate, enables more accurate future cost forecasts.
CONCLUSION: Energy consumption is a major concern for cloud data centers. To handle incoming requests with the fewest resources possible, given the increasing demand and widespread adoption of cloud computing, it is essential to maintain effective and efficient data center strategies.
Hyperthyroidism in Pediatric Patients in a University Hospital: Ten Years of Experience
Authors: Kocabey Sütçü Zümrüt , Selver Eklioğlu Beray , Atabek Mehmet Emre
Published: June 2024

Although rare in childhood, hyperthyroidism is diagnosed by suppressed serum thyrotropin (TSH) levels and increased levels of free triiodothyronin (fT3) and free thyroxine (fT4) in addition to history and physical examination findings. In this study, we aimed to investigate the causes of hyperthyroidism and the clinical features of the disease in children and to evaluate the treatment. A total of 39 patients with hyperthyroidism diagnosed between 2010 and 2019 in the pediatric endocrinology department were included in the study.Thirty-one (79.5%) patients were female, and the mean age of admission was 14.4 (4.3-17.5) years. Of the cases, 33 (84.6%) were diagnosed with Graves’ diseases and 6 (16.7%) with Hashimoto thyroiditis. The most frequent complaints of patients diagnosed with hyperthyroidism were irritability (24, 61.5%), palpitation (22, 56.9%), and sweating (21, 53.8%). The most frequent findings were goiter in 31 (79.5%) patients and tachycardia in 27 (69.2%) patients. Serum TSH levels were suppressed in all patients, fT3 levels were increased in 94.4% of them, and fT4 levels were increased in 80.5% of them. In patients with Graves’ disease, TSH receptor antagonist was positive in 31 (93.9%) cases, and at least one of the thyroid autoantibodies was positive in all patients. Antithyroid drug treatment was initiated in all patients; 35 of them received methimazole and 4 of them received propylthiouracil. Radioactive iodine treatment was applied to three patients, and two patients were treated surgically who did not respond to antithyroid drug treatment. Antithyroid drug adverse effects were observed in 7 (21.2%) patients, requiring drug discontinuation in 1 patient. Although hyperthyroidism is rare in childhood, its treatment is difficult and requires close follow-up. Treatment options are different for adult patients. There is a need for multicenter studies to evaluate treatment efficacy and long-term outcomes in children.