bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combined effects of DDE and hyperlipidic diet on metallothionein expression and synthesis in rat tissues
Authors: Migliaccio Vincenzo , Lionetti Lillà , Putti Rosalba , Sica Raffaella , Scudiero Rosaria
Published: December 2018

Metallothionein is well known for its detoxificant and anti‐oxidant properties and has been shown to be effective to prevent hydroxyl radical‐generated DNA degradation. The purpose of this investigation was to analyze the combined effect of two factors promoting cellular oxidative‐stress, that is, the administration of the pesticide dichloro–diphenyl–dichloroethylene (DDE) and a high fat diet, on metallothionein expression and synthesis in rat liver and kidney. DDE is the main metabolite of dichloro–diphenyl–trichloroethane (DDT), and is commonly found in the food chain and in all tissues of living organisms, carried by the fats. Male Wistar rats were fed with a standard (N) or a high fat (HF) diet and exposed to DDE (10 mg/kg body mass, N + DDE and HF + DDE groups) or vehicle (corn oil, N, and HF groups) via gavage every day for 28 days. Tissues histology was determined by light microscopy analysis; differences in metallothionein gene expression and synthesis by real‐time PCR and western blot, respectively. Finally, protein cellular localization was established by immunocytochemistry. The results showed a different involvement of metallothionein in defending tissues from HF‐ and DDE‐induced oxidative stress, suggesting that hepatic and renal cells use different strategies against pro‐oxidant species. In both cell types a marked increase in the metallothionein content was observed in the nucleus, with a concomitant drop of the cytoplasmatic protein, either under HF‐ and DDE‐stress conditions; however, no synergistic or additive effects were observed between the action of fats and pesticide. These findings reinforce the role of metallothionein in protecting DNA from oxidative damage.
Accreted ice mass ratio (k‐factor) for rotating wind turbine blade profile and circular cylinder
Authors: Sokolov Pavlo , Jin Jia Yi , Virk Muhammad S.
Published: December 2018

This paper describes a study to investigate the relation between ice accretion on a rotating wind turbine blade profile (airfoil) and a reference collector (circular cylinder). This relation, known as “k‐factor,” describes the ratio of accreted ice mass on a reference collector and wind turbine blade profile. Analyses are carried out by performing a series of multiphase numerical simulations and ISO 12494‐based analytical calculations. The results show that k‐factor is not equal to constant 20, contrary to currently postulated assumption by VTT and can vary to a significant degree depending on a number of different operating and geometric parameters. These factors include the effects of blade geometry on ice accretion, droplet collision efficiency, droplet distribution spectrum, and median volume diameter under different ambient conditions pertaining to wind speed and tip speed ratios experienced by both the reference collector and wind turbine blade. The results presented in this paper provide a simplistic explanation about k‐factor variance; however, further validation is necessary, in particular when it comes to the ice accretions on different wind turbine blade profiles under different operating and geometric conditions.
Research Data Stewardship for Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Jansen Paula , van den Berg Linda , van Overveld Petra , Boiten Jan-Willem
Published: December 2018

Research data stewardship refers to the long-term and sustainable care for research data, from study design to data collection, analysis, storage, and sharing. It involves all activities that are required to ensure that digital research data is findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) in the long term, including data management, archiving, and reuse by third parties. This chapter provides an overview of the aspects of FAIR data stewardship that you should consider when you are involved in clinical research.
Extracting Features from Time Series
Authors: Herff Christian , Krusienski Dean J.
Published: December 2018

Clinical data is often collected and processed as time series: a sequence of data indexed by successive time points. Such time series can be from sources that are sampled over short time intervals to represent continuous biophysical wave-(one word waveforms) forms such as the voltage measurements representing the electrocardiogram, to measurements that are sampled daily, weekly, yearly, etc. such as patient weight, blood triglyceride levels, etc. When analyzing clinical data or designing biomedical systems for measurements, interventions, or diagnostic aids, it is important to represent the information contained within such time series in a more compact or meaningful form (e.g., noise filtering), amenable to interpretation by a human or computer. This process is known as feature extraction. This chapter will discuss some fundamental techniques for extracting features from time series representing general forms of clinical data.
Prediction Modeling Methodology
Authors: Dankers Frank J. W. M. , Traverso Alberto , Wee Leonard , van Kuijk Sander M. J.
Published: December 2018

In the previous chapter, you have learned how to prepare your data before you start the process of generating a predictive model. In this chapter, you will learn how to make a predictive model using very common regression techniques and how to evaluate the performance of a model. In the next chapter we will then look at more advanced machine learning techniques that have become increasingly popular in recent years.
A composite pNGB leptoquark at the LHC
Authors: Alvarez Ezequiel , Da Rold Leandro , Juste Aurelio , Szewc Manuel , Schroeder Tamara Vazquez
Published: December 2018

Abstract

The measurements of R

K

(∗)
and R

D

(∗)
by BaBar, Belle and the LHCb collaborations could be showing a hint of lepton flavor universality violation that can be accommodated by the presence of suitable leptoquarks at the TeV scale. We consider an effective description, with leptoquarks arising as composite pseudo Nambu-Goldstone bosons, as well as anarchic partial compositeness of the SM fermions. Considering the R

K

(∗)
anomaly within this framework, we study pair production of

$$ {S}_3\sim {\left(\overline{3},3\right)}_{1/3} $$

S
3

∼

3
¯

3

1
/
3

at the LHC. We focus on the component S
3
1/3
of the triplet, which decays predominantly into tτ and bν, and study the bounds from existing searches at

$$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$

s

=
13

TeV at the LHC. We find that sbottom searches in the

$$ b\overline{b}+{E}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\mathrm{miss}} $$

b

b
¯

+

E
T
miss

final state best explore the region in parameter space preferred by our model and currently exclude S
3
1/3
masses up to ∼1 TeV. Additional searches, considering the tτ and tμ decay modes, are required to probe the full physical parameter space. In this paper we also recast existing studies on direct leptoquark searches in the tτ tτ channel and SM

$$ t\overline{t}t\overline{t} $$

t

t
¯

t

t
¯

searches, and obtain the regions in parameter space currently excluded. Practically the whole physical parameter space is currently excluded for masses up to ∼0.8 TeV, which could be extended up to ∼1 TeV with the full Run 3 dataset. We conclude that pair production searches for this leptoquark can benefit from considering the final state tτ b + E
T
miss
, where the largest branching ratio is expected. We appraise that future explorations of leptoquarks explaining the B-anomalies with masses beyond the TeV should also consider single and non-resonant production in order to extend the mass reach.
Dark monopoles and SL(2, ℤ) duality
Authors: Terning John , Verhaaren Christopher B.
Published: December 2018

Abstract

We explore kinetic mixing between two Abelian gauge theories that have both electric and magnetic charges. When one of the photons becomes massive, novel effects arise in the low-energy effective theory, including the failure of Dirac charge quantization as particles from one sector obtain parametrically small couplings to the photon of the other. We maintain a manifest SL(2, ℤ) duality throughout our analysis, which is the diagonal subgroup of the dualities of the two un-mixed gauge theories.
Anomaly-free dark matter with harmless direct detection constraints
Authors: Caron S. , Casas J. A. , Quilis J. , Ruiz de Austri R.
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Dark matter (DM) interacting with the SM fields via a Z′-boson (‘Z′-portal’) remains one of the most attractive WIMP scenarios, both from the theoretical and the phenomenological points of view. In order to avoid the strong constraints from direct detection and dilepton production, it is highly convenient that the Z′ has axial coupling to DM and leptophobic couplings to the SM particles, respectively. The latter implies that the associated U(1) coincides with baryon number in the SM sector. In this paper we completely classify the possible anomaly-free leptophobic Z′ with minimal dark sector, including the cases where the coupling to DM is axial. The resulting scenario is very predictive and perfectly viable from the present constraints from DM detection, EW observables and LHC data (di-lepton, di-jet and mono-jet production). We analyze all these constraints, obtaining the allowed areas in the parameter space, which generically prefer

$$ {m}_{Z^{\prime }} $$

m

Z
′

≲ 500 GeV, apart from resonant regions. The best chances to test these viable areas come from future LHC measurements.
The effectiveness of patterned laser trabeculoplasty over 6 months period: A cohort study
Authors: Al Zubi Khalid , Alsalem Khalil
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

To evaluate the efficacy of pattern laser trabeculoplasty (PLT) as a treatment for lower intraocular pressure among patients with primary open-angle glaucoma.

Methods:

Cohort case study has been used as the study design. A total of 85 patients with bilateral open-angle glaucoma underwent bilateral pattern laser trabeculoplasty (PLT) to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP). The initial and consequent intraocular pressure of all the patients was evaluated at 3 months and 6 months. IOP results were compared before treatment and after 3 and 6 months of receiving treatment, using the paired T-test.

Results:

The average intraocular pressure in the right eye was decreased from the pre-treatment level at 22.1 mm hg (+/− 0.78) to 18.8 mm hg (+/− 0.83), after six months following the treatment. It represented a 14.9% reduction of average intraocular pressure, which is statistically significant with a P- value 0.036, using Paired T-Test. On the contrary, the average intraocular pressure in the left eye decreased from the pre-treatment level at 22.7 mm hg (+/− 0.62) to 19.2 mm hg (+/− 0.80), representing 15.4% reduction of the average intraocular pressure.

Conclusion:

The results have shown that pattern laser trabeculoplasty is a potential useful tool in treating open angle glaucoma.

Highlights:
Impact and Safety Associated with Accidental Dislodgement of Vascular Access Devices: A Survey of Professions, Settings, and Devices
Authors: Moureau Nancy
Published: December 2018

Background: Dislodgement rates with intravenous catheters are reported at 1.8%–24% events per year resulting in failed access, interrupted treatment, and greater resource consumption with catheter replacement. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the perceptions of frequency, impact, contributing factors, and safety issues from accidental dislodgement affecting intravenous (IV) devices as reported by healthcare clinicians.

Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted via a voluntary online web-based survey of clinicians. Subjects were divided as those actively working in a clinical healthcare setting and those no longer active. Analysis of data was performed quantifying responses of clinicians on question of dislodgement.

Results: Survey results indicate clinicians routinely observe a significant percentage of accidental dislodgement, with 68% of the 1561 respondents reporting often, daily, or multiple times daily occurrence and 96.5% identifying peripheral intravenous catheters as most common device experiencing accidental dislodgement. Respondents prioritized 10 contributing factors, with confused patient (80%), patient physically removes catheter (74%), and IV catheter tape or securement loose (65%) as the top 3 causes. Over 95% of respondents consider IV dislodgement a safety risk to patients.

Conclusions: This study reports perceptions and impact of accidental dislodgement with IV devices. Inconsistencies exist with use, application, and management of catheter securement and dressings for IV catheters. Risk of additional complications and complete device failure are increased when dislodgement occurs. Given possible complications, along with necessitating replacement of the IV device in many cases, IV catheter dislodgement was considered a safety risk to patients by nearly all respondents.
The Things that Help, the Things that Get in the Way: Working Together to Improve Outcome Following Acquired Brain Injury
Authors: Douglas Jacinta M.
Published: December 2018

Working in neurological rehabilitation brings with it numerous opportunities to gain an understanding of the factors that contribute to shaping meaningful living and wellbeing for those tackling the major life changes encountered following acquired brain injury (ABI). These opportunities come in many forms: challenging and brave clients, wise and worrying families, questioning and inspiring colleagues, empowering and limiting work environments and rigid and advancing policy and legislative contexts.

Our personal and collective understanding ofthe things that helpandthe things that get in the wayof effective rehabilitation continuously emerges from the convergence of the experience and knowledge afforded by these opportunities. The aim of this paper is to considerthe things that helpandthe things that get in the wayas they have been identified by people with ABI, their families and those who work with them and have been further evidenced through research targeted towards improving short, medium and long-term outcomes for those living with the consequences of ABI. Thesethingsas discussed in this paper capture the essential role of the self, the importance of rights and access to rehabilitation, the impact of the family and the contribution of social connection.
Concordance in Reported Love, Trust, and Relationship Quality Among Same-Sex Male Relationships
Authors: Bratcher Anna , Kahle Erin , Sullivan Patrick , Hidalgo Marco A. , Mimiaga Matthew J. , Garofalo Rob , Pardee Dana , Hoehnle Samuel , Thai Jennie , Dana Ruth , Stephenson Rob
Published: December 2018

This article examines concurrence of self-reported love, trust, and dyadic quality experiences between partners in 293 male couples. Significant yet poor concurrence was observed for all three self-reported relationship measures, but varied by relationship characteristics. Using an actor-partner interdependence model (APIM), actor and partner characteristics were shown to be associated with self-reported relationship concerns, such as satisfaction and intimate partner violence. This knowledge is important in the development and delivery of couples-based health interventions, such as couples HIV testing and counselling, for interventions that respect the unique relationship dynamics of each couple are needed to effectively address dyadic health.
GENERALIZATIONS OF THE RECURSION THEOREM
Authors: TERWIJN SEBASTIAAN A.
Published: December 2018

We consider two generalizations of the recursion theorem, namely Visser’s ADN theorem and Arslanov’s completeness criterion, and we prove a joint generalization of these theorems.
A new species of Raphidascaris (Nematoda: Raphidascarididae) infecting the fish Gymnogeophagus balzanii (Cichlidae) from the Pantanal wetlands, Brazil and a taxonomic update of the subgenera of Raphidascaris based on molecular phylogeny and morphology
Authors: Malta L.S. , Paiva F. , Elisei C. , Tavares L.E.R. , Pereira F.B.
Published: December 2018

Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) andersoni n. sp. (Nematoda: Raphidascarididae) collected in the intestine of the humphead cichlid Gymnogeophagus balzanii (Perugia) from the Pantanal wetlands, State of Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil) is described and genetically characterized. The new species differs from its congeners mainly by having a conspicuous papilla-like formation slightly anterior to the cloacal aperture. Furthermore, males of R. (S.) lanfrediae and R. (S.) mahnerti have caudal alae, and R. (S.) hypostomi and R. (S.) pimelodi lack lateral alae, whereas in the new species caudal alae are absent and lateral alae present. The remaining congeners, namely, R. (S.) marano and R. (S.) saltaensis differ from Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) andersoni n. sp. mainly because males have three pairs of postcloacal papillae (vs five pairs). In the phylogenetic reconstructions, using three nuclear genetic markers (18S, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and 28S rDNA) and one mitochondrial (cox1 mtDNA), the new species was separated from other representatives of Raphidascarididae, and the absence of monophyly in Hysterothylacium and Raphidascaroides was confirmed. Moreover, the subgenera Sprentascaris and Ichthyascaris appeared to be monophyletic. Therefore, even though Raphidascaris (Raphidascaris) was apparently not monophyletic, the subgenera of Raphidascaris should be re-erected as valid genera. The updated diagnoses of Ichthyascaris, Raphidascaris and Sprentascaris are given. The present study represents the first parasitological survey in G. balzanii.
Recovering Miss Rose: Acting as a Girl on the Eighteenth-Century Stage
Authors: Gollapudi Aparna
Published: December 2018

This is a portrait of five-year-old Miss Rose, who shone brightly albeit briefly on the London stage in the years 1769–70 before fading away into the gloom of historical obscurity (Fig. 1). She stands here as Tom Thumb, the eponymous diminutive hero of Henry Fielding's farce. With impressively plumed helm, her beautiful black eyes fierce, chin set in a determined tilt, padded right leg stretched out aggressively, and her somewhat chubby hand gripping the hilt of her sword, Miss Rose looks ready to engage some unseen enemy just outside the picture frame. Impressive as she looks, however, there is something poignant about this little girl's confidently heroic stance in the context of her prematurely terminated theatrical career. Miss Rose appears on the Haymarket stage in the summer of 1769, garners much praise and a small degree of celebrity, and then disappears from the theatre by 1771. Her departure is shrouded in nebulous but persistent accusations by her mother, Elizabeth de Franchetti, that she was being blackballed by the powerful theatre managers David Garrick and Samuel Foote, who for some reason refused to employ her despite her talent. After lingering a few years on the offstage London entertainment scene of concerts and variety shows, she drops out of historical view altogether before she is nine years old.
Katherine Dunham and Peronism: An Analysis of Dunham's Tango (1954)
Authors: Cadús Eugenia
Published: December 2018

Through close analysis of primary and secondary source material related to Katherine Dunham's Tango (1954), this article examines the protest message of this dance work within the political and social context of the time. The article focuses first on Dunham's understanding of the Argentine populist political movement known as Peronism, and secondly on the Argentine reception of the piece's protest against Juan Domingo Perón's government. The article argues that, contrary to existing interpretations of the work, Tango articulated with the cultural policies promoted by Perón's government, rather than working as a protest performance against it.
“Minimalist” Dance, Social Critique: Revisiting Yvonne Rainer and Steve Paxton's 1963 Word Words
Authors: Morse Meredith
Published: December 2018

In this essay, I reexamine Yvonne Rainer and Steve Paxton's 1963 dance Word Words, arguing that this apparently “minimalist” work in fact deployed “underground” strategies, those of female (and male) impersonation. Camp performance, an approach that Rainer soon disavowed, allowed Word Words to explore gender in ways that were not possible by the time Rainer developed Trio A. Word Words did not simply “overwrite” Rainer's (female) gender, as has been suggested alongside similar discussions of Trio A and gender, but destabilized the gender system's binaries: a deeply radical move, even in the context of other Judson performances using camp.
Dancing for the Nation: Ballet Diplomacy and Transnational Politics in Post-Apartheid South Africa
Authors: Lauer Meryl
Published: December 2018

This article argues that nationalism and international diplomacy are embodied practices, as evidenced through the movement of international ballet dancers in South Africa. Under the apartheid regime, South African professional ballet received generous support from governmental sources. Since the transition to democracy, professional ballet companies have utilized creative strategies to court new sources of support including that of the ruling African National Congress. A key move in this campaign has been “ballet diplomacy” with Cuba—the transnational circulation of dancers, teachers, techniques, and performances in the name of the nation. Professional ballet's buy-in into South African nationalism locates dancers’ bodies in the maintenance and dissemination of state politics.
The changing practices of frontline diplomacy: New directions for inquiry
Authors: Cooper Andrew F. , Cornut Jérémie
Published: December 2018

This article develops the concept of ‘frontline diplomacy’ – what practitioners referring to work in embassies, consulates, and permanent representation as ‘the field’ –, defined here as all diplomats’ activities taking place away from headquarters. IR scholarship tends to focus on Ministries of Foreign Affairs located in capitals. On the contrary, building on the practice turn in IR, we first show that international politics emerge from frontline practices. Adding to criticism against the practice turn, we then explain that it has missed important transformations occurring in frontline diplomacy because it tends to privilege stability over change. We finally discuss two innovations in frontline practices: the action of Sherpas in G20 summits following the 2008 crisis and the use of Twitter by US Ambassador to Russia Michael McFaul (2012–14). For each we answer three questions: How do these activities transform traditional modes of operation? How are non-state actors involved in them? What do they tell about transformation of global politics? Because diplomatic practices at the frontlines epitomise international politics, these new directions for inquiry contribute substantively to IR scholarship. At the theoretical level, they enrich the continuing encounter between IR and diplomatic studies through practice theory and help to understand change in practice.
Beat wave cyclotron heating of rippled density plasma
Authors: Pushplata  , Vijay A.
Published: December 2018

Laser beat wave heating of magnetized plasma via electron cyclotron damping is proposed and analyzed. A plasma density ripple is presumed to exist across the magnetic field. Two collinear lasers propagating along the magnetic field exert a beat frequency ponderomotive force on electrons, driving a large amplitude Bernstein quasi-mode which suffers cyclotron damping on electrons. Finite Larmor radius effects play an important role in the heating. Electron temperature initially rises linearly with time. As the temperature rises cyclotron damping becomes stronger and temperature rises rapidly. The process, however, requires ripple wavelength shorter than the wavelength of the beat wave.
Catheter-directed therapy for acute pulmonary embolism in children
Authors: Akam-Venkata Jyothsna , Forbes Thomas J. , Schreiber Theodore , Kaki Amir , Elder Mahir , Turner Daniel R. , Kobayashi Daisuke
Published: December 2018

Background

Acute pulmonary embolism is a life-threatening condition and rarely occurs in children. In adults, catheter-directed therapy emerges as a potentially safer and effective therapeutic option. However, there is a paucity of data on the safety and efficacy of catheter-directed therapy for pulmonary embolism in children. We report a single-centred experience of catheter-directed therapy for acute pulmonary embolism in children.

Methods

This is a retrospective study of children who had no CHD and underwent catheter-directed therapy at Detroit Medical Center during a 12-year period from 2005 to 2017. Demographic and clinical data associated with pulmonary embolism were collected along with the outcome.

Results

A total of nine patients of median age 16 years with the range from 12 to 20 received catheter-directed therapy for sub-massive (n = 6) and massive pulmonary embolism (n = 3). Among nine patients, one patient received Angiojet thrombectomy and balloon angioplasty, whereas eight patients received catheter-directed thrombolysis using tissue plasminogen activator through infusion catheters (n = 3) or EkoSonic ultrasound-accelerated thrombolysis system (n = 5). In four out of five patients treated with EkoSonic, significant clinical improvement was noticed within 24 hours. Among seven patients who survived, two patients had minor gastrointestinal bleeding with median hospital stay of 8 days with the range from 5 to 24 days, and two patients with massive pulmonary embolism died possibly due to delayed institution of catheter-directed therapy.

Conclusion

Catheter-directed therapy with/without EkoSonic is an emerging alternative therapy for sub-massive and massive pulmonary embolism in children. A timely institution of catheter-directed therapy appeared important to improve the outcome.
Staging the Kinetic: How music automata sensitise audiences to sound art
Authors: Semmerling Linnea , Peters Peter , Bijsterveld Karin
Published: December 2018

Western audiences have long been fascinated with music automata. Against this backdrop, it may not be surprising that art and music curators display historical examples of such mechanical instruments together with contemporary sounding art. Yet what exactly do these curators aim to accomplish when combining historical music automata with kinetic sound art? And do visitors understand the connections between the objects on display in the ways intended by the curators? To examine the curators’ ambitions, this article analyses three exhibitions: Für Augen und Ohren (West Berlin 1980), Ballet Mécanique (Maastricht 2002) and Art or Sound (Venice 2014). To unravel visitors’ responses, we focus on the Berlin exhibition, the best documented case. We argue that the curators staged the automated kinetic as a key historical link between mechanical musical instruments and contemporary sound art, and that they tried to tap into specific dimensions of public fascination with musical automata – the magical invisible, mechanical wonder and blurring of boundaries – to open their audiences’ senses to sound art. As we will show with the help of the notion of ‘listening habitus’, visitors’ responses indeed drew on these dimensions, but more often than not displayed a preference for the historical automata rather than contemporary kinetic art.
FACTORISATION OF EQUIVARIANT SPECTRAL TRIPLES IN UNBOUNDED -THEORY
Authors: FORSYTH IAIN , RENNIE ADAM
Published: December 2018

We provide sufficient conditions to factorise an equivariant spectral triple as a Kasparov product of unbounded classes constructed from the group action on the algebra and from the fixed point spectral triple. We show that if factorisation occurs, then the equivariant index of the spectral triple vanishes. Our results are for the action of compact abelian Lie groups, and we demonstrate them with examples from manifolds and$\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$-deformations. In particular, we show that equivariant Dirac-type spectral triples on the total space of a torus principal bundle always factorise. Combining this with our index result yields a special case of the Atiyah–Hirzebruch theorem. We also present an example that shows what goes wrong in the absence of our sufficient conditions (and how we get around it for this example).
Interactive intentionality and norm formation
Authors: Guarnieri Pietro
Published: December 2018

The paper aims at complementing Searle's social ontology with an epistemology capable of illustrating institution formation. To this purpose, I discuss Searle's conception of constitutive rules and show that it requires the specifications of normative powers and purposes identifying status functions to be taken as given. However, such specifications arise from underlying normative commitments that may be various and possibly conflicting. Hence, in order to account for the formation of institutions, it is necessary to understand how status function declarations may emerge from alternative normative commitments. I make the hypothesis of “interactive intentionality,” as an interactive and deliberative mode of practical reasoning, to describe the processes of convergence on definite constitutive rules. These processes show how interactive intentionality may frame both commitment and enforcement, thus providing some insights to make rule-based and equilibrium-based accounts of institutions epistemologically commensurable.
Interference and Control of ALS-Resistant Mouse-Ear Cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) in Winter Wheat
Authors: Randhawa Ranjeet S. , Westwood James H. , Cahoon Charles W. , Flessner Michael L.
Published: December 2018

In 2015, winter wheat growers in Virginia reported commercial failures of thifensulfuron to control mouse-ear cress. This was the first reported case of field-evolved acetolactate synthase (ALS) resistance in mouse-ear cress, so research was conducted to evaluate alternative herbicide options as well as to document potential yield loss in winter wheat from mouse-ear cress. Efficacy studies were conducted at three site-years in 2015 to 2016 and 2016 to 2017 as well as a POST greenhouse trial. In the PRE study, flumioxazin, pyroxasulfone, saflufenacil, and metribuzin resulted in more than 80% mouse-ear cress control 15 wk after planting across all sites with no observable wheat injury. No differences were observed in wheat yield in two of three sites in the PRE herbicide study; yield differences were attributed to common chickweed and not to mouse-ear cress. In the POST herbicide study, 2,4-D, dicamba, and metribuzin resulted in greater than 75% control in the field and greenhouse. Metribuzin, dicamba, and pyroxsulam resulted in crop injury 3 wk after treatment at some sites, but injury was transient. Yield from all POST treatments was similar to the nontreated plots. No yield loss was observed by mouse-ear cress densities greater than 300 plants m–2, indicating that mouse-ear cress is not very competitive with winter wheat. Growers should make herbicide decisions based on other weeds in the field and can incorporate the aforementioned herbicides for mouse-ear cress control.
Tolpyralate Efficacy: Part 2. Comparison of Three Group 27 Herbicides Applied POST for Annual Grass and Broadleaf Weed Control in Corn
Authors: Metzger Brendan A. , Soltani Nader , Raeder Alan J. , Hooker David C. , Robinson Darren E. , Sikkema Peter H.
Published: December 2018

Tolpyralate is a new Group 27 pyrazolone herbicide that inhibits the 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate dioxygenase enzyme. In a study of the biologically effective dose of tolpyralate from 2015 to 2017 in Ontario, Canada, tolpyralate exhibited efficacy on a broader range of species when co-applied with atrazine; however, there is limited published information on the efficacy of tolpyralate and tolpyralate+atrazine relative to mesotrione and topramezone, applied POST with atrazine at label rates, for control of annual grass and broadleaf weeds. In this study, tolpyralate applied alone at 30 g ai ha−1 provided >90% control of common lambsquarters, velvetleaf, common ragweed, Powell amaranth/redroot pigweed, and green foxtail at 8 weeks after application (WAA). Addition of atrazine was required to achieve >90% control of wild mustard, ladysthumb, and barnyardgrass at 8 WAA. Tolpyralate+atrazine (30+1,000 g ai ha−1) and topramezone+atrazine (12.5+500 g ai ha−1) provided similar control at 8 WAA of the eight weed species in this study; however, tolpyralate+atrazine provided >90% control of green foxtail by 1 WAA. Tolpyralate+atrazine provided 18, 68, and 67 percentage points better control of common ragweed, green foxtail, and barnyardgrass, respectively, than mesotrione+atrazine (100+280 g ai ha−1) at 8 WAA. Overall, tolpyralate+atrazine applied POST provided equivalent or improved control of annual grass and broadleaf weeds compared with mesotrione+atrazine and topramezone+atrazine.
Extent of Low‐Angle Normal Slip in the 2010 El Mayor‐Cucapah (Mexico) Earthquake From Differential Lidar
Authors: Lajoie Lia J. , Nissen Edwin , Johnson Kendra L. , Arrowsmith J Ramón , Glennie Craig L. , Hinojosa‐Corona Alejandro , Oskin Michael E.
Published: December 2018

We investigate the 4 April 2010 Mw 7.2 El Mayor‐Cucapah (Mexico) earthquake using three‐dimensional surface deformation computed from preevent and postevent airborne lidar topography. By profiling the E‐W, N‐S, and vertical displacement fields at densely sampled (∼300 m) intervals along the multisegment rupture and computing fault offsets in each component, we map the slip vector along strike. Because the computed slip vectors must lie on the plane of the fault, whose local strike is known, we calculate how fault dip changes along the rupture. A principal goal is to resolve the discrepancy between field‐based inferences of widespread low‐angle (<30°) oblique‐normal slip beneath the Sierra Cucapah, and geodetic and/or seismological models which support steeper (50°–75°) faulting in this area. Our results confirm that low‐angle slip occurred along a short (∼2 km) stretch of the Paso Superior fault—where the three‐dimensional rupture trace is also best fit by gently inclined planes—as well as along shorter (∼1 km) section of the Paso Inferior fault. We also characterize an ∼8‐km fault crossing the Puerta accommodation zone as dipping ∼60°NE with slip of ∼2 m. These results indicate that within the northern Sierra Cucapah, deep‐seated rupture of steep faults (resolved by coarse geodetic models) transfers at shallower depths onto low‐angle structures. We also observe a statistically significant positive correlation between fault dip and slip, with slip pronounced along steep sections of fault and inhibited along low‐angle sections. This highlights the important role of local structural fabric in controlling the surface expression of large earthquakes.
Assimilation of Global Total Chlorophyll OC‐CCI Data and Its Impact on Individual Phytoplankton Fields
Authors: Pradhan H. K. , Völker C. , Losa S. N. , Bracher A. , Nerger L.
Published: December 2018

The coupled ocean circulation‐ecosystem model MITgcm‐REcoM2 is used to simulate biogeochemical variables in a global configuration. The ecosystem model REcoM2 simulates two phytoplankton groups, diatoms and small phytoplankton, using a quota formulation with variable carbon, nitrogen, and chlorophyll contents of the cells. To improve the simulation of the phytoplankton variables, chlorophyll‐a data from the European Space Agency Ocean‐Color Climate Change Initiative (OC‐CCI) for 2008 and 2009 are assimilated with an ensemble Kalman filter. Utilizing the multivariate cross covariances estimated by the model ensemble, the assimilation constrains all model variables describing the two phytoplankton groups. Evaluating the assimilation results against the satellite data product SynSenPFT shows an improvement of total chlorophyll and more importantly of individual phytoplankton groups. The assimilation improves both phytoplankton groups in the tropical and midlatitude regions, whereas the assimilation has a mixed response in the high‐latitude regions. Diatoms are most improved in the major ocean basins, whereas small phytoplankton show small deteriorations in the Southern Ocean. The improvement of diatoms is larger when the multivariate assimilation is computed using the ensemble‐estimated cross covariances between total chlorophyll and the phytoplankton groups than when the groups are updated so that their ratio to total chlorophyll is preserved. The comparison with in situ observations shows that the correlation of the simulated chlorophyll of both phytoplankton groups with these data is increased whereas the bias and error are decreased. Overall, the multivariate assimilation of total chlorophyll modifies the two phytoplankton groups separately, even though the sum of their individual chlorophyll concentrations represents the total chlorophyll.
First Map of Coherent Low‐Frequency Continuum Radiation in the Sky
Authors: Füllekrug Martin , Koh Kuang , Liu Zhongjian , Mezentsev Andrew
Published: December 2018

Lightning discharges and radio transmitters emit low‐frequency (∼3–300 kHz) electromagnetic waves with large electric field strengths and stable phases. This phase stability makes it possible to map the source locations of lightning and transmitters in the sky. Electromagnetic waves with smaller electric field strengths generally exhibit a reduced phase stability, caused by numerous simultaneous physical processes that blend into an underlying continuum radiation trapped inside the Earth‐ionosphere cavity. It is therefore currently not known whether the source locations of continuum radiation can be determined. Here we show the first map of coherent continuum radiation in the sky above an array of high‐precision radio receivers. The source locations of the coherent continuum radiation are found at elevation angles ∼30∘−60∘ above the horizon. The identified source locations are attributed to intermittent radio transmitters that emit electromagnetic waves with electric field strengths ∼2 orders of magnitude below the instrumental noise floor. The results demonstrate that it is possible to simultaneously map the signals from coherent continuum radiation, lightning discharges, and radio transmitters in the sky. This work thereby lays the foundation toward the discovery of many more coherent source locations of low‐frequency electromagnetic waves in the sky. It is expected that the identified source locations vary with time as a result of the impact of solar variability on the D‐region ionosphere. Future studies have therefore the potential to contribute to a novel remote sensing and an improved understanding of the D‐region ionosphere, influenced by the near‐Earth space environment.
The mineralocorticoid receptor is essential for stress axis regulation in zebrafish larvae
Authors: Faught Erin , Vijayan Mathilakath M.
Published: December 2018

The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in mammals mediates the effects of aldosterone in regulating fluid balance and potassium homeostasis. While MR signalling is essential for survival in mammals, there is no evidence that MR has any physiological role in ray-finned fish. Teleosts lack aldosterone and emerging evidence suggest that cortisol mediates ion and fluid regulation by activating glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signalling. Consequently, a physiological role for MR signalling, despite its conserved and ancient origin, is still lacking. We tested the hypothesis that a key physiological role for MR signalling in fish is the regulation of stress axis activation and function. Using either MR or GR knockout zebrafish, our results reveal distinct and complementary role for these receptors in stress axis function. GR−/−mutants were hypercortisolemic and failed to elicit a cortisol stress response, while MR−/−mutants showed a delayed, but sustained cortisol response post-stressor. Both these receptors are involved in stress-related behaviour, as the loss of either receptors abolished the glucocorticoid-mediated larval hyperactivity to a light stimulus. Overall, the results underscore a key physiological role for MR signalling in ray-finned fishes, and we propose that the regulation of the highly conserved stress axis as the original function of this receptor.
Multigene phylogenetics of Polycephalomyces (Ophiocordycipitaceae, Hypocreales), with two new species from Thailand
Authors: Xiao Yuan-Pin , Wen Ting-Chi , Hongsanan Sinang , Jeewon Rajesh , Luangsa-ard J. Jennifer , Brooks Siraprapa , Wanasinghe Dhanushka Nadeeshan , Long Feng-Yao , Hyde Kevin D.
Published: December 2018

Polycephalomyces (Ophiocordycipitaceae) species are found in subtropical regions and are parasitic or hyperparasitic on insects. Two new species, P. aurantiacus and P. marginaliradians, parasitic on Ophiocordyceps barnesii and larva of Cossidae respectively, are introduced in this paper. Morphological comparison with extant species and DNA based phylogenies from analyses of a multigene dataset support the establishment of the new taxa. Polycephalomyces aurantiacus, exhibiting a hyperparasitic lifestyle on Ophiocordyceps barnesii, differs from other species in producing orange conidia in mass and have longer β-phialides in culture. Polycephalomyces marginaliradians differs from other Ophiocordyceps species by producing single stromata with a stipe, smaller perithecia and branched α-phialides and catenate α-conidia and is parasitic on Cossidae. A combined nrSSU, nrLSU, ITS, tef-1a, rpb1 and rpb2 sequence data was analysed phylogenetically including Ophiocordyceps and Polycephalomyces taxa. The new species described herein are clearly distinct from other species in Polycephalomyces. We provide a key to the species of Polycephalomyces and discuss relevant interspecies relationships.
Vitrification of stem cell-laden core–shell microfibers with unusually low concentrations of cryoprotective agents
Authors: Tian Conghui , Zhang Xiaozhang , Zhao Gang
Published: December 2018

Ultra-rapid cooling enabled vitrification of core–shell structured stem cell-laden microfibers with unusually low concentrations of cryoprotective agents.
Ambient air pollution and the hospital outpatient visits for eczema and dermatitis in Beijing: a time-stratified case-crossover analysis
Authors: Guo Qun , Liang Fengchao , Tian Lin , Schikowski Tamara , Liu Wei , Pan Xiaochuan
Published: December 2018

Consecutive exposure to air pollution increased risks of skin conditions.
Occurrence and fate of benzophenone-type UV filters in aquatic environments: a review
Authors: Mao Feijian , He Yiliang , Gin Karina Yew-Hoong
Published: December 2018

Benzophenone-type ultraviolet filters (BP-type UV filters or BPs) are extensively used in a diverse array of personal care products (PCPs), including sunscreens and many cosmetics.
The protective role of phloretin against dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice
Authors: Zhang Zecai , Li Shan , Cao Hongyang , Shen Peng , Liu Jiuxi , Fu Yunhe , Cao Yongguo , Zhang Naisheng
Published: December 2018

Oral administration of phloretin, mainly found in apples and strawberries, ameliorates ulcerative colitis in mice.
Synthesis and characterization of novel chiral derivatizing agents containing β-keto-anthracene adducts (KAAs) by 1H-NMR: aromatic influence and chiral alcohol absolute configuration determination
Authors: Intakaew Neeranuth , Rithchumpon Puracheth , Prommin Chanatkran , Yimklan Saranphong , Kungwan Nawee , Thavornyutikarn Praput , Meepowpan Puttinan
Published: December 2018

New chiral derivatizing agents and the effect of aromatic rings were investigated for absolute configuration of chiral alcohols via1H-NMR.
The influence of cell morphology on microfluidic single cell analysis
Authors: Zhang Xuxin , Li Yanzhao , Fang Hanshu , Wei Hongquan , Mu Ying , Lang Ming-Fei , Sun Jing
Published: December 2018

Analytical resolution is influenced by cell morphology in microfluidic single cell analysis.
Light-triggered hydrophilic drug release from liposomes through removal of a photolabile protecting group
Authors: Goto Yuya , Ueda Masafumi , Sugikawa Kouta , Yasuhara Kazuma , Ikeda Atsushi
Published: December 2018

Penicillin G as an antibiotic was released from liposomes by increase of hydrophilicity by photocleavage of a hydrophobic protecting group.
miR-425 suppresses EMT and the development of TNBC (triple-negative breast cancer) by targeting the TGF-β 1/SMAD 3 signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Yingping , Chen Jinglong
Published: December 2018

EMT has a crucial effect on the progression and metastasis of tumors.
Secondary metabolites (SMs) of Isaria cicadae and Isaria tenuipes
Authors: Zhang Xiaofeng , Hu Qiongbo , Weng Qunfang
Published: December 2018

Isaria cicadae (A–D) and Isaria tenuipes (E–F) are important medical and food entomogenous fungi, but some of their secondary metabolites are toxic. FB: fruiting bodies, HI: host insects, and CS: conidial structures.
Minimalistic supramolecular proteoglycan mimics by co-assembly of aromatic peptide and carbohydrate amphiphiles
Authors: Brito Alexandra , Abul-Haija Yousef M. , da Costa Diana Soares , Novoa-Carballal Ramon , Reis Rui L. , Ulijn Rein V. , Pires Ricardo A. , Pashkuleva Iva
Published: December 2018

A modular two-component supramolecular hydrogel composed of a peptide core and carbohydrate shell as a minimalistic mimic of proteoglycans.
How machine learning can assist the interpretation of ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and conceptual understanding of chemistry
Authors: Häse Florian , Fdez. Galván Ignacio , Aspuru-Guzik Alán , Lindh Roland , Vacher Morgane
Published: December 2018

Machine learning models, trained to reproduce molecular dynamics results, help interpreting simulations and extracting new understanding of chemistry.
211At-labeled immunoconjugate via a one-pot three-component double click strategy: practical access to α-emission cancer radiotherapeutics
Authors: Fujiki Katsumasa , Kanayama Yousuke , Yano Shinya , Sato Nozomi , Yokokita Takuya , Ahmadi Peni , Watanabe Yasuyoshi , Haba Hiromitsu , Tanaka Katsunori
Published: December 2018

A facile synthesis of an 211At-labeled immunoconjugate for α-emission therapy was achieved based on a one-pot three-component double click method.
Enabling synthesis in fragment-based drug discovery by reactivity mapping: photoredox-mediated cross-dehydrogenative heteroarylation of cyclic amines
Authors: Grainger Rachel , Heightman Tom D. , Ley Steven V. , Lima Fabio , Johnson Christopher N.
Published: December 2018

A nanogram-to-gram workflow has been established for the identification and development of synthetic transformations which are enabling in Fragment-Based Drug Discovery (FBDD). In this study, we disclose a method for the synthesis of privileged sp2–sp3 architectures via direct cross-dehydrogenative coupling of heterocycles.
A quick and accurate method to determine the Poisson's ratio and the coefficient of thermal expansion of PDMS
Authors: Müller Angelina , Wapler Matthias C. , Wallrabe Ulrike
Published: December 2018

We developed a new and accurate method to determine the Poisson's ratio of PDMS, using thermal expansion and a profilometer.
Thickness-tunable growth of ultra-large, continuous and high-dielectric h-BN thin films
Authors: Zhang Dujiao , Wu Feihong , Ying Qi , Gao Xinyu , Li Nan , Wang Kejing , Yin Zongyou , Cheng Yonghong , Meng Guodong
Published: December 2018

A thickness-tunable, ultra-large, continuous and high-dielectric h-BN films, achieved by optimizing LPCVD growth parameters, exhibit highly promising perspectives to develop electrically reliable 2D microelectronics with an ultrathin feature.
Additive solution deposition of multi-layered semiconducting polymer films for design of sophisticated device architectures
Authors: Murrey Tucker L. , Guo Kunping , Mulvey Justin T. , Lee Owen A. , Cendra Camila , Bedolla-Valdez Zaira I. , Salleo Alberto , Moulin Jean-Francois , Hong Kunlun , Moulé Adam J.
Published: December 2018

Mutually soluble semiconducting polymer films are sequentially deposited from solution to form multiple layers with minimal mixing.