bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional Threshold Power as an Alternative to Lactate Thresholds in Road Cycling
Authors: Sitko Sebastian , Cirer-Sastre Rafel , Corbi Francisco , López-Laval Isaac
Published: June 2021

Sitko, S, Cirer-Sastre, R, Corbi, F, and López-Laval, I. Functional threshold power as an alternative to lactate thresholds in road cycling. J Strength Cond Res 36(11): 3179–3183, 2022—This study assessed the relationship between functional threshold power (FTP) and 7 lactate landmarks (Dmax, modified Dmax, fixed blood lactate concentrations of 2 and 4 mmol·L−1, lactate increases of 1 and 2 mmol·L−1 above baseline, and lactate increases of 1.5 mmol·L-1 above the point of minimum ratio between lactate and work rate) in a sample of 46 road cyclists with a wide range of fitness levels (age 38 ± 9 years, height 177 ± 9 cm, body mass 71.4 ± 8.6 kg, body mass index 22.7 ± 2.2 kg·m−1, fat mass 7.8 ± 4%, and V̇o
2max = 61.1 ± 9.1 ml·min−1·kg−1). The cyclists performed a graded exercise test in which power outputs (POs) at the lactate landmarks were identified. Functional threshold power was established as 95% of the PO during a 20-minute test. Significance was set as p < 0.05. Statistical analyses revealed large to very large correlations between PO, relative PO (RPO), and cadence at FTP and lactate thresholds (LTs) established through Dmax, modified Dmax, and fixed lactate concentrations of 4 mmol·L−1 (r = 0.68–0.93). Significant differences (p < 0.001) were also observed for PO and RPO at FTP, fixed blood lactate concentrations of 2 mmol·L−1, and lactate increases of 1 mmol·L−1 above baseline. Therefore, although FTP estimated from a 20-minute test is strongly related to several lactate landmarks, caution is required when substituting this concept for LTs. This information will allow coaches, cyclists, and scientists to better choose assessments when attempting to estimate LT through power-based field testing.
25-OHD response to vitamin D supplementation in children: effect of dose but not GC haplotype
Authors: Simpson Christine A , Zhang Jane H , Vanderschueren Dirk , Fu Lei , Pennestri Teresita C , Bouillon Roger , Cole David E C , Carpenter Thomas O
Published: June 2021

Objective

GC/DBP effects on response to vitamin D supplementation have not been well-studied. Thus we assessed free and total 25-OHD after vitamin D treatment across the six common GC haplotypes.

Design

This double-blind, randomized study compared two vitamin D3 doses in healthy, urban-dwelling 6-month to 10-year-old children at-risk for vitamin D deficiency. Randomization was stratified by GC haplotype.

Methods

Children were randomized to receive 2800 or 7000 International Units of vitamin D3 weekly. 25-OHD and 1,25(OH)2D were sampled at baseline and after 1–6 months of supplementation.

Results and conclusions

One hundred ninety-two of 225 enrolled subjects completed the study. After one month, total 25-OHD increased with both doses and were higher with 7000 IU/week (85.5 ± 22.8 nmol/L) compared to 2800 IU/week (76.8 ± 18.0 nmol/L), despite equivalent baseline levels. No further significant increase occurred at 6 months (89.8 ± 35.5 and 74.3 ± 18.3 nmol/L, respectively). Free 25-OHD similarly changed. 25-OHD differed among GC groups at baseline. Although no significant effects of individual GC haplotypes on incremental changes were evident, a trend toward an effect of combined 'at risk' GC alleles on response was evident (P = 0.06). Total 1,25(OH)2D showed modest increases, moreso with the larger dose. In urban-dwelling children at-risk for vitamin D deficiency, 1 month of vitamin D3 2800 IU/week increased 25-OHD across all GC haplotype groups, and somewhat enhanced with 7000 IU/week with no further significant increases after 6 months of supplementation. Free 25-OHD measures offer no monitoring advantage over total 25-OHD.
PARP inhibitors in advanced prostate cancer: when to use them?
Authors: Díaz-Mejía* Nely , García-Illescas* David , Morales-Barrera Rafael , Suarez Cristina , Planas Jacques , Maldonado Xavier , Carles Joan , Mateo Joaquin
Published: June 2021

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have antitumor activity in advanced prostate cancer associated with loss of homologous recombination repair (HRR) function. About 20% of all patients with advanced prostate cancer present germline or tumor mutations in HRR-related genes, the most common being BRCA2, mutated in approximately 10% of all advanced prostate cancers. Challenges related to sample availability, tumor heterogeneity and access to NGS technology need to be addressed for a successful implementation of genomic stratification in routine clinical practice. The recent regulatory approvals of PARP inhibitors olaparib and rucaparib represent the first molecular biomarker-guided drugs for men with prostate cancer. While these findings represent a significant advance in the field of precision medicine and prostate cancer, there are still many unsolved questions on the optimal use of PARP inhibitors in this disease. Several clinical trials have shown that different mutations in various genes are associated with distinct magnitudes of sensitivity to PARP inhibitors, with BRCA2 mutations associating with more frequent and durable responses, questioning the benefit for subset of patients with mutations in other HRR-associated genes. In this review, we scrutinize the clinical development of different PARP inhibitors for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer, and we discuss how the study of additional biomarkers and the design of rational drug combinations can maximize patient benefit from this drug class.
Interrelationships of specific gravity, stiffness, and strength of yellow pine across five decades
Authors: França Frederico Jose Nistal , Shmulsky Rubin , Ratcliff Tedrick , Farber Benjamin , Senalik C. Adam , Ross Robert J. , Seale R. Daniel
Published: June 2021

The interrelationships among specific gravity (SG), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and strength (modulus of rupture, MOR) are largely the foundational basis for non-destructive evaluation and testing. Resource monitoring and commercial structural lumber production often rely upon such non-destructive evaluation to predict the bending and/or tension strength of individual members. These technologies require routine calibration. In addition, it is important to know the extent to which a given resource may change over time. To that end, this study investigated the relationship among SG, MOE, and MOR of small clear specimens from three samples taken across an approximate 50-year period; 1965 to 2018. Coefficients of determination among these variables are presented along with the prediction equations. These findings can be used to gain insight into the reliability and stability of these relationships over time.
Investigating the effect of pressing temperature on the thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties of nanocomposites made from recycled polyethylene, nanosilica, and wood flour
Authors: Lashghari Amir , Ganjavi Ehsan
Published: June 2021

This study investigated the effect of pressurized temperature on the thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties of nanocomposites made from recycled polyethylene with the weight ratio of 50%. Nanosilica was applied at 3 levels (0, 4, 8 %) and wood flour had a weight ratio of 50%. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) went through multiple procedures. It was found that by increasing the nanosilica content, the tensile and flexural strength properties, the residual ash content, and the thermal stability increased along with a reduction in the tensile and flexural modulus and impact resistance. As the temperature increased, the tensile and flexural strength and modulus and the impact resistance decreased. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that samples with 8% nanosilica showed different polymerization than the wood flour particles.
Codeforces as an Educational Platform for Learning Programming in Digitalization
Authors: MIRZAYANOV Mike , PAVLOVA Oksana , MAVRIN Pavel , MELNIKOV Roman , PLOTNIKOV Andrew , PARFENOV Vladimir , STANKEVICH Andrew
Published: June 2021

Digitalization imposes ways of development and influences the process of Codeforces
development. Codeforces’ infrastructure provides a solid open ecosystem for building a programming learning process. Functionality covers the entire process, from the Polygon system for devising problems to mashup contests and private groups on Codeforces. A beta test of the educational subsystem with a pilot educational course was launched. The paper describes all the aspects and relationships of the ecosystem, typical flows of use, examples of successful integration into educational processes in the age of digitalization.
Competitive Programming 4: The New Lower Bound of Programming Contests in the 2020s
Authors: HALIM Steven
Published: June 2021

Seven years have passed since me and my brother Felix Halim released the 3rd edition
of our Competitive Programming book (CP3) on 24 May 2013 that had influenced the competitive programming field in the past decade: 2010s. We have just released the 4th edition of our book (CP4) on 19 July 2020 – the original IOI 2020 arrival day where free preview copies should have been given to all invited delegations. In this short report, we address two groups of readers: those who have read/heard about CP3 and those who are new with this book.
Influence of selected demographic and clinical factors on the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis – a long-term follow-up
Authors:   Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of National Defence, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland. Head: Professor Witold Tłustochowicz, MD, PhD, Kruszewski Robert , Kisiel Bartłomiej , Tłustochowicz Witold ,   Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of National Defence, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland. Head: Professor Witold Tłustochowicz, MD, PhD
Published: June 2021

Robert Kruszewski, Bartłomiej Kisiel, Witold TłustochowiczMethotrexate is recommended as a first-line drug in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, however, clinical practice often requires a change in the therapeutic approach. Our objective was to evaluate the influence of several demographic and diseaserelated factors on the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A group of 143 rheumatoid arthritis patients, initially treated with methotrexate in monotherapy or in combination with glucocorticoids, was followed for an average of 7.5 years. A search for associations between age, sex, disease onset age, disease duration, body mass index, smoking, rheumatoid factor and anticitrullinated protein antibodies status, initial disease activity, bone erosions and rheumatoid arthritis treatment during the follow-up was performed. Patients receiving biological therapy were younger than those on other types of treatment (50.57 ± 13.39 vs. 58.86 ± 11.67 years; p = 0.0013), had slightly lower disease onset age (41.78±13.03 vs. 47.88 ± 13.74 years; p = 0.035) and more prevalent high levels of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (91% vs. 66%; p = 0.02). On the other hand, patients on methotrexate monotherapy were older than those receiving other therapies (61.51 ± 10.86 vs. 53.97±12.61 years; p = 0.0002) and had slightly higher disease onset age (52.08 ± 13.20 vs. 42.55 ± 12.82 years; p = 0.000026). Higher initial disease activity (DAS28) was associated with a need for prolonged treatment with biological agents or biological therapy with addition of synthetic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs other than methotrexate. We found no relationships between sex, disease duration, body mass index, smoking or radiological erosions and the type of received disease modifying antirheumatic drug. Patient’s actual age and disease onset age seem to have the most significant impact on rheumatoid arthritis treatment course.
EMOTIONAL FINANCE: AS A NEW APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING THE MARKETS
Authors: DUMANLI Asiye Nur , AREN Selim
Published: June 2021

The emotional finance theory was developed as an alternative to the mainstream theories which claim that markets are driven by investors’ conscious processes. Based on psychoanalysis, it searches the role of both conscious and unconscious processes in investment decisions. It offers new explanations regarding the causes and forecasting of the crises and bubbles that have been experienced frequently especially since the 2000s. In this framework, it makes use of concepts such as narrative, group feel, states of mind, and phantastic object, which have not been previously included in finance studies to date. This study represents the most comprehensive literature study carried out in the field of emotional finance to date. It analyses and models the fundamental components of the theory in the context of their determinants and effects. It offers findings to help market regulators, fund managers and investors understand the bubbles that occur in the markets.
ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EDUCATION AND YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT: EVIDENCES FROM TURKEY AND SPAIN
Authors: ALÇIN Sinan , ERDİL ŞAHİN Begüm , HAMZAOĞLU Merve
Published: June 2021

Education has a vital role in improving youth employment. Increasing youth unemployment rates and the high share of the unemployed educated young population indicate that the labor market cannot create good job opportunities. This study analyzes the relationship between youth unemployment and education in countries with a high level of youth unemployment but having different characteristics: Turkey and Spain. The analysis was conducted using Johansen Cointegration tests. The results indicate no unidirectional causal relationship from enrollment in higher education towards youth unemployment rate in Turkey and Spain. Besides, it has been observed that the increase in the higher education schooling rate does not decrease youth unemployment. The results showing the relationship between youth unemployment and education will be crucial in designing policies to improve job markets for youth.
Narrative Form and Palimpsestic Memory in Namwali Serpell’s The Old Drift
Authors: Monaco Angelo
Published: June 2021

This essay explores Namwali Serpell’s debut novel The Old Drift (2019) through the lens of ‘palimpsestic memory’, contending that the novel articulates an interconnectedness between memory and migration. Firstly, I will investigate how the tension between aeonic temporality and some paratextual elements that attempt to install order and direct the reader’s orientation mimic and resonate with the intricate motif of the palimpsest. Then, I will illustrate how the alternation between extradiegetic and intradiegetic narration and the format of the multigenerational novel contribute to create a palimpsestic tale where several generations and different stories are inextricably intertwined, generating a spiral pattern where the multiple and invisible trajectories of temporality are refracted and eventually converge.
Antioxidant activity by DPPH assay: in vitro protocol v1
Authors: Sachett Adrieli , Gallas-Lopes Matheus , P Herrmann Ana , Piato Angelo , M M Conterato Greicy
Published: June 2021

Considering the role of oxidative stress in the pathology of several diseases and the use of antioxidants as treatment and/or adjuvants in these conditions. Here we propose a protocol to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of compounds by the DPPH method through the scavenging capacity of free radicals by reducing the DPPH radical. This protocol was standardized at LAPCOM (Psychopharmacology and Behavior Laboratory at UFRGS) to assess biochemical parameters in vitro.
NEBNext® ARTIC SARS-CoV-2 FS Library Prep Kit (Illumina®) E7658Standard Protocol with PCR Bead Cleanup v3
Authors: Gautreau Isabel
Published: June 2021

This protocol details methods for the NEBNext® ARTIC SARS-CoV-2 FS Library Prep Kit (Illumina®), NEB #E7658S/L 24/96 reactions. This protocol includes a cleanup step for each sample after cDNA synthesis and ligation. Performing the cleanup step creates libraries with higher yields and less likelihood for adaptor dimer. Skipping these steps reduces hands on time, but may require an extra cleanup at the end of library prep of the pooled sample and in the express protocol we have added an extra PCR cycle.
Illumina double-stranded DNA dual indexing for ancient DNA v2
Authors: Stahl Raphaela , Warinner Christina , Velsko Irina , Orfanou Eleftheria , Aron Franziska , Brandt Guido
Published: June 2021

This protocol converts partially completed double-stranded DNA libraries e.g. from: Non-UDG treated double-stranded ancient DNA library preparation for Illumina sequencing (dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bakricv6) into dual-indexed Illumina libraries ready for sequencing on an Illumina platform. Other variants of the above protocol can also be used. This protocol includes steps for indexing PCR, clean-up, and post-indexing qPCR. This protocol is modified after Kircher, M., Sawyer, S. & Meyer, M., 2012. Double indexing overcomes inaccuracies in multiplex sequencing on the Illumina platform. Nucleic acids research, 40(1), p.e3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkr771.
Innovative technology of directional blasting using shaped charges
Authors: Umarov F. Ya. , Nutfulloev G. S. , Belin V. A. , Nazarov Z. S.
Published: June 2021

Enhancement of mining performance is inseparable from blasting improvement. The quality of rock fragmentation by blasting for further processing and manufacture of final products governs the rate and efficiency of adva nce in the mining sector. The analysis of promising approaches to improvement of quality of rock fragmentation by blasting shows that the main way is to use modern physical fields to intensify detonati on processes, for instance, to utilize cumulative effect of blasting. The authors have designed a shaped charge with cumulative effect, which allows making the bench bottom lower and enables the blasting expenses to be reduced. With this charge design, an explosive charge is located immediately above the bench bottom, which increases the detonation wave impact on the bottom. The shaped charge generates a jet that creates a shock wave directed downward and sideways from the borehole. The stress waves directed upward from the shaped charge ensure additional fragmentation of overlying rocks. Direction of some explosive charge energy to the bottom of the borehole extends the time of the blast energy effect on enclosing rock mass and creates two stress waves. The proposed technology allows also decoupling of explosive charges with an inert gap. The lower charge element is made of an explosive conformable with the strength characteristics of rocks in the bench bottom, and the upper part of the charge is to conform with the blastability category of the bench rocks. Making a charge cavity at the bottom of the borehole allows having influence on the intensity of rock fragmentation by blasting. Efficient parameters of the charge cavity in the shaped charge design are determined.
A review of two types of non-destructive testing technique for pressure pipelines
Authors: Cheng Jingui , Xu Lei , Chao Li
Published: June 2021

Pulsed eddy current testing (PECT) and electromagnetic ultrasonic non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques are important methods for detecting defects in pressure pipelines. Although these methods have the advantages of no contact requirement, fast detection and simple signal processing,
there is a near-surface blind area in electromagnetic ultrasonic detection and pulsed eddy current detection cannot accurately detect deep locations due to the skin depth. However, these two techniques can be combined to potentially overcome their individual limitations. This paper presents
an in-depth study of the use of pulsed eddy current testing and electromagnetic ultrasonic non-destructive testing techniques to detect defects in pipelines. Moreover, the basic principles, numerical simulation methods, testing systems and application characteristics of the individual methods
and their combined use are discussed.
Correction ofP/SAmplitude Ratios for Low-Magnitude Seismic Events Based on Bayesian Kriging Method
Authors: Wang Tingting , Bian Yinju , Yang Qianli , Ren Mengyi
Published: June 2021

Classification of low-magnitude seismic events is a challenging issue for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. Path correction of the P/S amplitude ratio is the key to identifying earthquakes and explosions. In this article, the Bayesian Kriging interpolation method is used to conduct the path correction of P/S amplitude ratios and recognition of low-magnitude seismic events. Based on a total of 5677 small earthquakes and 1769 explosions in Beijing and its adjacent areas, the Bayesian Kriging method is used to establish the path correction surface and uncertainty surface of Pg/Lg amplitude ratios measured within different frequency bands at five seismic stations, and path correction of amplitude ratios is conducted for all events. The results show that the correction surface is consistent with the observed amplitude ratios, which can reflect the differences in their propagation paths to a certain extent. The root mean square variation of the amplitude ratio is reduced by a maximum of 30% and the misclassification probability is reduced by a maximum of 8.5% after the Kriging correction. The high-frequency Pg/Lg amplitude ratios can effectively classify low-magnitude events, and the misclassification probability at each station is less than 15% and 10% based on high-frequency Pg/Lg of >7 and >9  Hz, respectively. Of the five stations, BJT (Baijiatuan, Beijing) has the best recognition, with the misclassification probability being lower than 5% after Kriging correction based on high-frequency Pg/Lg (>9  Hz). The classification ability of high-frequency amplitude ratios (>15  Hz) is weakened due to high-frequency noises. Bayesian Kriging correction can reduce the variance in the amplitude ratio of low-magnitude seismic events and hence effectively improve the ability to classify small-magnitude events, which has an important reference value for regional seismic monitoring and identification.
Smooth Crustal Velocity Models Cause a Depletion of High-Frequency Ground Motions on Soil in 2D Dynamic Rupture Simulations
Authors: Huang Yihe
Published: June 2021

A depletion of high-frequency ground motions on soil sites has been observed in recent large earthquakes and is often attributed to a nonlinear soil response. Here, I show that the reduced amplitudes of high-frequency horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios (HVSRs) on soil can also be caused by a smooth crustal velocity model with low shear-wave velocities underneath soil sites. I calculate near-fault ground motions using both 2D dynamic rupture simulations and point-source models for both rock and soil sites. The 1D velocity models used in the simulations are derived from empirical relationships between seismic wave velocities and depths in northern California. The simulations for soil sites feature lower shear-wave velocities and thus larger Poisson’s ratios at shallow depths than those for rock sites. The lower shear-wave velocities cause slower shallow rupture and smaller shallow slip, but both soil and rock simulations have similar rupture speeds and slip for the rest of the fault. However, the simulated near-fault ground motions on soil and rock sites have distinct features. Compared to ground motions on rock, horizontal ground acceleration on soil is only amplified at low frequencies, whereas vertical ground acceleration is deamplified for the whole frequency range. Thus, the HVSRs on soil exhibit a depletion of high-frequency energy. The comparison between smooth and layered velocity models demonstrates that the smoothness of the velocity model plays a critical role in the contrasting behaviors of HVSRs on soil and rock for different rupture styles and velocity profiles. The results reveal the significant role of shallow crustal velocity structure in the generation of high-frequency ground motions on soil sites.
First Use of Fragile Geologic Features to Set the Design Motions for a Major Existing Engineered Structure
Authors: Stirling Mark W. , Abbott Elizabeth R. , Rood Dylan H. , McVerry Graeme H. , Abrahamson Norman A. , Barrell David J. A. , Huso Rand , Litchfield Nicola J. , Luna Lisa , Rhoades David A. , Silvester Peter , Van Dissen Russ J. , Van Houtte Chris , Zondervan Albert
Published: June 2021

We document the first use of fragile geologic features (FGFs) to set formal design earthquake motions for a major existing engineered structure. The safety evaluation earthquake (SEE) spectrum for the Clyde Dam, New Zealand (the mean 10,000 yr, ka, return period response spectrum) is developed in accordance with official guidelines and utilizes constraints provided by seven precariously balanced rocks (PBRs) located 2 km from the dam site and the local active Dunstan fault. The PBRs are located in the hanging wall of the fault. Deterministic PBR fragilities are estimated from field measurements of rock geometries and are the dynamic peak ground accelerations (PGAs) required for toppling. PBR fragility ages are modeled from B10e cosmogenic isotope exposure dating techniques and are in the range of 24–66 ka. The fragility ages are consistent with the PBRs having survived at least two large Dunstan fault earthquakes. We develop a PGA-based fragility distribution from all of the PBRs, which represents the cumulative toppling probability of a theoretical random PBR as a function of PGA. The fragility distribution is then used to eliminate logic-tree branches that produce PGA hazard curves that would topple the random PBR with a greater than 95% probability (i.e., less than 5% survival probability) over a time period of 24 ka (youngest PBR fragility age). The mean 10 ka spectrum of the remaining hazard estimates is then recommended as the SEE spectrum for the dam site. This SEE spectrum has a PGA of 0.55g, which is significantly reduced from the 0.96g obtained for a preliminary version of the SEE spectrum. The reduction is due to the combined effects of the PBR constraints and a substantial update of the probabilistic seismic hazard model. The study serves as an important proof-of-concept for future applications of FGFs in engineering design.
The Digital Culture Of The Academy And The Limits Of Technology
Authors: Felix Jonathan J.
Published: June 2021

This disruptive nature of the COVID-19 pandemic has created a large-scale scramble to translate offline modes of instruction to online teaching. Furthermore, this massive shift in teaching and learning in general and higher education, in particular, has seen those digital technologies being used for teaching and learning offer convergent modalities for synchronous and asynchronous classroom delivery. The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on education globally indicates that while the affordances of digital technologies provide interesting opportunities for teaching and learning, in no way has it definitively proven to be as emancipatory or revolutionary as some proponents of educational technology have argued before the pandemic occurred. Also, rather than merely reflect, highlight, or exacerbate inequalities, divisions, and conflicts in the real world, the social phenomenon of online teaching en masse due the pandemic serves to demonstrate the importance of multimodal communication and the very social nature of university learning and formal education more broadly. Arguably, the digital identity of both students and teachers have been in constant negotiation since the start of this pandemic has occurred, as online teaching moved from being a marginal pedagogical practice to a widespread social phenomenon. At this juncture in world history, it is worth considering the viability of higher education and the social production of teachers and learners under the unstable and disruptive conditions brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. The implications of this critical intervention pertain to the evolving role of the social institution of the academy itself, the nature of disciplinarity, and the activity that occurs within higher education institutions.
COVID-19 IMPACTS AND CHALLENGES TO E-LEARNING IN MODERN UNIVERSITIES: THE EXPERIENCE OF UARD
Authors: ARABSKA Ekaterina
Published: June 2021

The rise of COVID-19 pandemic rendered tremendous impacts on the whole society and has changed and still changing our lives for years. One of the most discussed problems concern physical health, economies, social issues, relations, etc. and not least - the new developments in the educational systems targeting innovative e-learning and distant learning solutions and their implementation. In this context, the higher education system is experiencing a novel transition trying to maintain the needed effectiveness and quality of training which affects all the involved parties.Current paper makes a short overview of modern challenges to the Bulgarian higher education system and presents the experience of the University of agribusiness and rural development in undertaking the transition to a new e-learning system in the times of coronavirus pandemic. The results of a short questionnaire for students are presented and discussed considering their opinions about e-learning from distance and traditional learning approaches, opportunities for blended learning, some of the most important advantages and disadvantages of physical isolation and e-learning application, etc. Recommendations and implications on future challenges and development are provided concerning the opportunities for combining e-learning with auditoria load, practical trainings and functioning of the quality assurance system.
Sosyal Medya ile Dönüşen Siyasal Hayat
Authors: Furkan Çırak Mustafa , Demir Ayral Müge
Published: June 2021

Yeni medya teknolojileri ile birlikte hayatın her alanında yaşanan değişim ve dönüşüm tüm dünyadaki siyasal hayatta ve siyasetçilerde de görülmektedir. Bireysel ve toplumsal değişim ve donuşum ile birlikte politik kimlik, siyasi görünürlük, siyaset ve toplumsal hareket kavramları da değişikliğe uğramıştır. 1970’li yıllardan beri siyasi gündemin arka planında kullanılan bilgi iletişim teknolojileri son yirmi yılda hem nicelik hem de nitelik acısından yeni bir boyut kazanmıştır. Yeni medya ve teknoloji ile birlikte, pek çok alanda olduğu gibi, siyasetin ve kampanyaların, kamuoyunun ve tutum değiştirmenin de yapısı bütünüyle dönüşmüş ve bütün dünyada siyasi kültür derin bir değişime uğramıştır. Bildirimizde, günümüzde birbirinden ayrı düşünülmesi imkânsız hale gelen yeni medya ve siyaset konusu niteliksel araştırma yöntemi ile ele alınmış; sosyal medya ve siyaset-siyasetçi ilişkisi ile sosyal medyanın sıyası görünürlüğe ve siyasete etkisi, siyasi kültürün Dünya’da ve Türkiye’deki dönüşümü örnekler ile açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.
Dijital Çağda Siyasal İletişim: Algoritmalar ve Botlar
Authors: Tosyalı Hikmet
Published: June 2021

Teknoloji, tarih boyunca medyanın değişimine zemin oluşturan unsurlardan biri oldu. Sözlü, görsel ve yazılı yöntemler ile paylaşılan analog veri ve enformasyon, bilişim teknolojilerindeki gelişmelerin bir sonucu olarak artık dijital formatta saklanmakta, işlenmekte, yeniden üretilmekte ve paylaşılmaktadır. Dijital medya sisteminin önemli bir parçası olan sosyal medya ise hem kullanım yaygınlığı hem de sahip olduğu büyük veri setleri nedeniyle günümüzde siyasal iletişim çalışmaları için önemli bir mecra haline geldi. Siyasal aktörlerin, özellikle milyonlarca kullanıcıya ait veri setlerinin değerini daha iyi kavramalarıyla birlikte sosyal medyaya yönelik ilgileri de artmaya başladı. Ancak artan bu ilgi; dijital fişleme, enformatik gözetim, sistematik dezenformasyon ve mahremiyet ihlali gibi endişeleri de beraberinde getirdi. Hükümetlerin ve teknoloji şirketlerinin sosyal medyayı kontrol altına alarak geleneksel medyadaki eşik bekçiliğine benzer bir yapıyı oluşturmaya yönelik uygulamaları uzun süredir tüm dünyada tartışılmaktadır. Son yıllarda ise bu tartışmaların bir bölümünü sosyal medyadaki (ro) bot hesaplar oluşturmaktadır. Zira sosyal medya artık sadece insanları birbirine bağlamamaktadır. Makineler de insanlar ve diğer makineler ile konuşmakta ve etkileşim kurmaktadır. İnsanların sosyal medyadaki davranışlarını taklit etmek üzere algoritmalar yoluyla oluşturulan bot hesapların yaptıkları otomatik paylaşımlar insanlar ve diğer botlar tarafından beğenilmekte, yeniden paylaşılmakta ve yorumlanmaktadır. Siyasal konular hakkında paylaşım yapan botlar da tüm dünyada özellikle seçim dönemlerinde siyasal aktörler tarafından kullanılmaktadır. Siyasetçiler sosyal medyada daha popüler görünmek, rakiplerinin iletişim stratejilerini bozmak ve kamuoyunu manipüle etmek amacıyla siyasal botlardan yararlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada botların siyasal iletişime etkilerinin ortaya konması amaçlandı. Propaganda, algoritma, bot ve bilişimsel propaganda kavramları açıklandıktan sonra siyasal botların kamusal alanı ve seçimleri nasıl etkilediği literatür eşliğinde tartışıldı.
Yeni Medyada Geleneksel ve E-Dergi Örneği Olarak MF Gentleman Türkiye Dergisi’nin Analizi
Authors: BABATAŞ BAŞAR
Published: June 2021

Türkiye’de dergicilik tarihi çok uzun bir geçmişe dayanmasına rağmen Avrupa’daki tarihçesine göre daha yeni sayılabilmektedir. Bunun en önemli nedenlerinden biri ise Osmanlı’daki çeşitli karışıklıklar ve mücadeleler nedeniyle matbaanın 200 yıl kadar bu topraklara geç gelmesidir. Dergiler ülkemizde diğer kitle iletişim araçları (örn; gazete, televizyon, radyo vs.) kadar popüler görünmese de dünyada pek çok köklü dergi prestijli bir konuma sahiptir. Dergiler kendi içinde edebiyat, haber, ekonomi, tarih, mizah ve bilim dergileri gibi gruplandırılabilmekte olup, özellikle de akademik dergiler bilim dünyasının ‘olmazsa olmazlarından’ biri olarak kabul ve büyük saygı görmektedir. Yaşayan bir varlık olmanın en temel kurallarından biri de ‘değişimdir’... Değişen ve gelişen teknoloji ve bunların getirdiği alışkanlıklardaki evrilmeler, medya alanında da son yıllarda köklü değişimlere neden olmaktadır. Yeni medya kanallarının gitgide hayatımızda daha da önem kazandığı 21’inci yüzyılda, dergicilik de buna ayak uydurmaktan geri kalmamıştır. Hali hazırda pek çok önemli dergi yayını basılı olarak ve elektronik dergi versiyonlarıyla okurlara ulaşmakta; bu sayede sadece ‘X’ ve ‘Y’ kuşağının değil, yeni medyaya oldukça hakim olan ‘Z’ kuşağının da ilgi odağına girmeyi başarmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra kağıt maliyetlerindeki artış, dağıtım ücretlerinin yükselmesi, pandeminin getirdiği ek sorunlar, çevrecilik, çağımızın gereklilikleri, teknoloji okur yazarlığının artması, tablet ve akıllı telefon satışlarındaki artış, internetin ulaşılabilir ve nispeten daha ucuz hale gelişi, fiber ve 4.5 G altyapılarının yaygınlaşması, telefon operatörlerinin kullanıcılarına ‘e-dergi’ uygulamalarını ücretli veya ücretsiz olarak sunmaları gibi nedenler de günümüzde ‘Elektronik Dergicilik’i biraz daha makul ve yaygın hale getirmiştir. Bu makalede “Enformasyon Kuramı” kapsamında, dergiciliğin dünden bugününe uzanan yolculuğu literatür taramaları ve kalitatif araştırma tekniğiyle incelenecek olup, yeni medya kavramı içinde elektronik dergiciliğin (e-Dergicilik) geldiği son nokta “MF Gentleman Türkiye Dergisi” üzerinden örneklendirilecek.
COVID-19 SÜRECİNDE SOSYAL MEDYA UYGULAMALARI VE KARŞI GÖZETİM STRATEJİLERİ: NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: Bulur Neslihan
Published: June 2021

Dijital çağda gözetim olgusu, gündelik yaşama her zamankinden daha fazla dahil olmuştur. Gözetim olgusu, akıllı telefonlar ve sosyal medyanın varlığıyla birlikte sadece mekânsal bir olgu olmaktan çıkmış ve tüm insan ilişkilerine yayılmıştır. Gözetimin yeni formlarıyla birlikte de gözetim olgusu, kurumlar açısından hem ekonomik hem de uygulanması kolay bir teknik haline gelirken, insanlar için de ‘normal’, ‘kabul edilebilir’, ‘arzulanan’ bir konuma gelmiştir. Fakat, sosyal medya, gözetim olgusunu kurumlar açısından uygulanması kolay bir denetim aracı haline getirirken, aynı zamanda sağladığı yoğun etkileşim imkânı ve bilgi akışı sayesinde örgütlenme, bilinçlenme, farkındalık gibi bireysel ve toplumsal yönlerin gelişmesi için de bir potansiyel sağlamaktadır. Bu da insanlara karşı gözetim olanakları sağlamaktadır. Monahan, karşı gözetim terimini ‘kurumsal iktidar asimetrilerine meydan okumak için gözetim teknolojilerinin kasıtlı, taktiksel kullanımları veya kırılması’ olarak tanımlamıştır. Fakat bunun yanı sıra bu teknolojileri doğrudan reddetme, keşif, kaçınma, değiştirme, çarpıtma, karşı gözetleme, iş birliği, engelleme ve maskeleme nispeten daha basit stratejik hamleleri de içerebilmektedir. Özellikle Covid-19 pandemisiyle birlikte uzaktan eğitime geçilmesi, tüm gerekli veya keyfi işlerimizi internet üzerinden halletmeye mecbur kalmamız veya “Hayat Eve Sığar” uygulaması gibi işlevsel yönü olan fakat konum bilgisi gibi bilgileri zorunlu kılan uygulamaları indirme ihtiyacı hissetmemiz kolaylık/gözetim ikilemini daha net hissetmemize neden olmuştur. Bu araştırmanın amacı da covid-19 pandemisi sürecinde üniversite öğrencilerinin karşı gözetim stratejileri hakkında bilgi edinmektir. Araştırmanın amacı doğrultusunda 14 üniversite öğrencisi ile derinlemesine görüşme yapılacaktır.
Pandemiye Karşı Plandemi: Twitter’da Plandemi Kavramına Yönelik İletilerin İncelenmesi
Authors: İli Burak , Negiz Begüm
Published: June 2021

Dr. Judy Mikovits adlı eski bir araştırmacının Covid-19’un planlanan bir komplo teorisi olduğuna dair hazırladığı video ile plandemi kavramı ortaya çıkmıştır. Plandemi, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü ve Türkiye’deki koronavirüs bilim kurulu kararlarına karşı çıkan insanların konuştuğu bir kavram olarak yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı ise Covid-19 ile ilgili muhalif görüşlere sahip olan ve pandeminin bir komplo teorisi olduğuna inanan insanların Twitter’daki paylaşımlarının incelenerek durum tespitinin yapılması ve bu girişimlerinin sonuçlarının tartışmaya açılmasıdır. Bu durum Twitter’da pandemi karşıtlığıyla ilgili açılan etiketler (hashtag) bağlamında atılan tweetler üzerinde yapılan söylem analizi ile ortaya konmuştur. Örneklem, en çok etkileşim alan (beğeni, retweet vb.) tweetler gözetilerek rastgele örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Böylece altı etiket belirlenmiş ve her etiket için ise ikişer tweet analiz edilmiştir.Bu çalışma kapsamında, aşı ve maske karşıtlığı başta olmak üzere Covid-19 tedbir ve uygulamalarına karşı olan bireylerin seslerini Twitter üzerinden duyururken örgütlü bir yapı oluşturamadıkları ve bilimsel kanıtlara dayalı tespitler sunamadıkları gözlemlenmiştir. Gerçek anlamda Twitter’ın ve Türkiye’nin gündeminde kalıcı ve çarpıcı bir etki yaratmadıkları da ortadır.
Pandemi Sürecinde Sanat Sergileri
Authors: Aydoğan Derya
Published: June 2021

Dünyayı etkisi altına alan Koronavirüsün bir türü olan COVİD-19 salgınıyla birlikte Pandemi sürecine girilmesi ve yaşamın evlerden devam ettirilmeye çalışıldığı karantina sürecinde birçok alan, sektör gibi sanat mekanlarının da kapalı kalması gerekmiştir. Bu süreç içerisinde sergilerin birçoğu online devam ettirilmiştir. Sürecin uzaması ve belirsizliğini koruması, online sergilerin daha gerçekçi çözümlerle sunulması gerekliliğini hissettirmiştir. Bu sebeple teknolojik olarak gerçeğe en yakın deneyimi veren sanal gerçeklik uygulamalarına yönelim hız kazanmıştır. Sanal gerçeklik sergileri hem klasik küratöryel düzenlemelere izin vermesi hem dijital yöntemlerin eklenebilmesi hem de izleyicinin gerçekten sergi geziyormuş hissini yakalaması gibi birçok açıdan online sergiler için oldukça önemli bir alternatif olmuştur. Ancak herkesin katılımına açık yapılarda aşırı sergilemeye dayalı bir fenomenin oluşmasıyla birlikte yığınlaşma ve aura kaybının yaşanabileceği açıktır. Sanatın ve sergilemenin aurasını korumak, yeni teknolojilerle uyumlu bir şekilde nitelikli olarak sürdürebilmek için yeni sergi ortamlarına yeni küratöryel anlayışlar, yeni estetik algılar ve yeni nitelik unsurları getirilmelidir.Çalışmada sanat sergilerinin özellikle Pandemi sürecinde online ortamlarda yer almasının betimsel nitelik incelemesi bağlamında değerlendirmesi yapılacaktır.
Türkiye’de Covid-19 Sonrası Gazete Manşetlerinin Tipografik Ve Göstergebilimsel Yönden İncelenmesi: Hürriyet Ve Milliyet Gazeteleri Örneği
Authors: Uygan Eda
Published: June 2021

İletişim, zamana bağlı olarak sürekli bir değişim ve gelişim süreci içerisindedir. Çağımızda küreselleşen dünyada daha hızlı bir biçimde devam eden bu gelişim ve değişim ile bireylerin bilgiye erişimi çok daha kısa zaman almaya başlamıştır. Bireysel ve kitlesel olmak üzere farklı birçok türü olan iletişimin günümüzdeki en yaygın türü kitle iletişimidir. Kitle iletişim araçlarından biri olan gazeteler, geniş kitlelere hitap edebilmesi, belirgin bir okuyucu kitlesine sahip olması, olaylara geniş ve ayrıntılı yer vermesi açısından öne çıkmaktadır. Tüm dünyayı etkisi altına alan Covid-19 pandemisinin özellikle Türkiye’de de görülmeye başlaması, kitle iletişim araçlarının en köklü temsilcilerinden biri olan ulusal ve yerel tüm gazetelerin manşetlerinde salgın haberlerinin öne çıkmasına neden olmuştur.Bu araştırmanın amacı, küresel bir salgın olarak Covid-19’un ülkemizde görülmeye başlamasından itibaren Covid-19 haberlerinin günümüzde hala yaygın bir kitle iletişim aracı olan gazete manşetlerine etkisini göstermektir.Çalışmada ulusal ölçekte yayın yapan iki gazete olarak Hürriyet ve Milliyet gazeteleri araştırma kapsamına dâhil edilmiştir. Türkiye’deki ilk Covid-19 vakasının tespit edildiği 11 Mart 2020 tarihinden başlayarak bir haftalık süreçteki söz konusu gazetelerin manşetleri, tipografik ve göstergebilimsel yönden incelenmiş ve karşılaştırılmıştır. Gazete manşetlerinde Covid-19 haberlerinin geniş bir yer tuttuğu bu tarihlerin öncesindeki üç günlük süreç ile de karşılaştırmanın yapılması, manşetlerde Covid-19 öncesi ve sonrasında tipografik ve göstergebilimsel farklılıkların da belirlenmesi sağlanacaktır.Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılacaktır. Alanyazın taraması ile ilgili arşiv, yazılı kaynaklara ulaşıldıktan sonra belirlenen tarih aralığında Hürriyet ve Milliyet gazetelerinin ilk sayfa görselleri üzerinden Covid-19 ile ilgili manşet haberlerinin, tipografik ve göstergebilimsel yönden incelemesi ve çözümlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır.Araştırma sonucunda incelenen tarih aralığında her iki gazetenin de, Covid-19 pandemisi ile ilgili manşetlerinin okunabilirlik düzeylerinin genel olarak yeterli olduğu görülmüştür. Manşetlerin okunabilirlik seviyelerini düşüren faktörlerden biri ise manşette harfler arası espasın az olmasıdır. Çalışmada incelenen tarih aralığında Milliyet gazetesi manşetlerinin sürmanşetler ile yer aldığı ve dolayısıyla başlığın daha uzun olduğu, Hürriyet gazetesinin manşetlerinin ise daha kısa ve çarpıcı biçimde hazırlandığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Manşet görselleri incelendiğinde ise Hürriyet gazetesinin Covid-19 haber manşetlerinin görsellerinde genel olarak haber içeriğini tamamlamak ve farkındalık oluşturmak amacıyla maskenin özellikle kadın imgeleri üzerinden yansıtılmış olduğu görülmüştür. Milliyet gazetesinin manşet haberleri incelendiğinde ise genel olarak mekânsal ve daha geniş açılı görsellere yer verdiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
KÜLTÜRLERARASI İLETİŞİMDE TEK KÜLTÜRE DOĞRU: DİJİTAL KÜLTÜR
Authors: Uçak Olcay
Published: June 2021

Bilgi, sanat, ahlâk, gelenekler, beceri ve alışkanlıkları kapsayan kültür çok yönlü, karmaşık bir süreçtir. Tylor’un bu bakış açısından yola çıkarak, kültürün toplumdaki insan, onun öğrenme biçimleri ve bu öğrenme biçimleriyle meydana getirdiği teknik ya da sanat ürünleri, bir başka ifadeyle içerik olduğunu söyleyebiliriz. Antropolojide kültür kavramı sosyal sistemin bir öğesi olarak düşünüldüğünde sosyal ve kültürel alanların birleşerek sosyo-kültürel sistemi oluşturduğu savunulmaktadır. Kültürü sosyo-kültürel sistem içinde ele alan yaklaşımlar olan işlevselcilik (Malinowski), yapısal-işlevselcilik (Radliffe-Brown), tarihsel -yayılmacı (Kluckhohn, Krober, çevresel uyumcu (White) yaklaşımlar ile kültürü bir düşünce sistemi olarak ele alan yaklaşımlar ise bilişsel (Goodenough), yapısal (Levi Strauss) ve sembolik (Geertz) yaklaşımlardır. Toplumlara özel kültürleri değerlendiren bu yaklaşımların yanında bir başka tanımlama da öğrenme zamanına göre yapılmıştır: Margeret Mead, Cofigurative (Birlikte Oluşan Kültür). Günümüz toplumlarını kültürel açıdan değerlendirmek için yakınsak (convergent) teknolojilerin (mobil, bulut teknolojisi, robotlar, sanal gerçeklik) etkisiyle Cofigurative özellikler gösteren yeni bir kültürü gözlemliyoruz: Dijital Kültür. Bu çalışma, kültürlerarası iletişimde farklı kültürleri açıklayan kuramsal yaklaşımlardan (Hofstede’in Değer Boyutları ve Cofigurative -Birlikte Oluşan Kültür) sonra gözlemlenen ve Covid19 pandemi sürecinde hızlanan Manuel Castells’in ağ toplumu olarak ifade ettiği, başka bir ifadeyle ortak iletişim kültürünün- dijital kültürün, özelliklerini tartışmayı amaçlamaktadır. Ortak kültür özellikleri kültürlerarası iletişimi etkisi altına almaya başlayan dijital içerikler üzerinde yapılacak göstergebilim ve metin analizi yöntemleriyle araştırılacak, kültürlerarası iletişim kuramları iletişim ekolojisi karşılaştırması yapılacak, elde edilecek görsel ve yazılı bulgular ile toplumun kültürel özelliklerindeki değişim sorgulanacaktır.
Edge Computing: Utilization of the Internet of Things for Time-Sensitive Data Processing
Authors: Ganapathy Apoorva
Published: June 2021

An edge computing system is a shared IT (Information Technology) system where customer data can be processed at the edge of the network to as close as possible to the originating source. The Internet of Things connects the various things on the internet, making it easier to live and allow jobs to be done more smartly. It also gives total control to the users. The combination of Edge computing and the Internet of Things can potentially result in huge possibilities for users. This work accessed edge computing and the benefits of using edge computing. It also looked into how to edge the many possibilities that can result in the use of edge computing. Various similar concepts like fog and cloud computing were also considered as closely related terms. This article provides insights into the use of edge computing in several industries.
The unpredictable body, identity, and disclosure: Identifying the strategies of chronically ill students at university
Authors: Toller Louise , Farrimond Hannah
Published: June 2021

The experiences of university students with chronic illnesses have been neglected in previous research, despite the fact that they make up the third largest disability category in the UK. The propensity of chronic illnesses to fluctuate unpredictably sets them apart from other forms of disability, yet little is known about how this inherent uncertainty impacts experiences in higher education, or the strategies students develop in order to simultaneously manage their illness and studies. This article presents a thematic analysis of episodic interviews with 13 current or recent UK university students with chronic illness. One student (Sophia)'s narrative is used as a case study through which the main themes are illustrated, with the stories of other students woven around this, building up a picture of uncertainty and unpredictability.The ill body was consistently experienced as a frustrating barrier around which life had to be reshaped. Utilising university disability support required disclosure and the acceptance of a disabled identity, yet also minimised the intrusion of illness by enabling students to work within their limitations, reducing the risk of symptom exacerbation or relapse.While participants did not struggle to be accepted as disabled or to access support, the fluctuating nature of their chronic illnesses failed to fit the narrower conceptualisations of disability that institutional systems were often created for. Participants felt that the support systems provided were not designed for liminal conditions, that standard support and adjustments were not always relevant to their needs, and that provision was inconsistent. In conclusion, this mismatch between the needs of chronically ill students and support provision demonstrates that gaps between equality policy and practice exist in UK higher education institutions.