bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative relaxometry using synthetic MRI could be better than T2-FLAIR mismatch sign for differentiation of IDH-mutant gliomas: a pilot study
Authors: Kikuchi Kazufumi , Togao Osamu , Yamashita Koji , Momosaka Daichi , Kikuchi Yoshitomo , Kuga Daisuke , Hata Nobuhiro , Mizoguchi Masahiro , Yamamoto Hidetaka , Iwaki Toru , Hiwatashi Akio , Ishigami Kousei
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to determine whether quantitative relaxometry using synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (SyMRI) could differentiate between two diffuse glioma groups with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant tumors, achieving an increased sensitivity compared to the qualitative T2-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) mismatch sign. Between May 2019 and May 2020, thirteen patients with IDH-mutant diffuse gliomas, including seven with astrocytomas and six with oligodendrogliomas, were evaluated. Five neuroradiologists independently evaluated the presence of the qualitative T2-FLAIR mismatch sign. Interrater agreement on the presence of the T2-FLAIR mismatch sign was calculated using the Fleiss kappa coefficient. SyMRI parameters (T1 and T2 relaxation times and proton density) were measured in the gliomas and compared by the Mann–Whitney U test. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance. The sensitivity, specificity, and kappa coefficient were 57.1%, 100%, and 0.60, respectively, for the qualitative T2-FLAIR mismatch sign. The two types of diffuse gliomas could be differentiated using a cutoff value of 178 ms for the T2 relaxation time parameter with 100% sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 1.00. Quantitative relaxometry using SyMRI could differentiate astrocytomas from oligodendrogliomas, achieving an increased sensitivity and objectivity compared to the qualitative T2-FLAIR mismatch sign.
Superior adsorption performance of citrate modified graphene oxide as nano material for removal organic and inorganic pollutants from aqueous solution
Authors: Abd-Elhamid A. I. , Elgoud E. M. Abu , Emam Sh. Sh. , Aly H. F.
Published: June 2022

This work addressed one step preparation method to form a novel nano material composite of graphene oxide nanosheet (GO) functionalized with low-cost tri-sodium citrate (C), using, teteraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as a cross-linker. The prepared composite (GO–C) was characterized using various advanced techniques. Among these techniques, the TGA provided interesting information concerning the functionalization process. Within this process, the (–OH) groups that located at the GO-surface were consumed in the modification process which leads to increase the thermal stability of the resulted composite. Cationic organic methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV), and inorganic copper (Cu2+) and cobalt (Co2+) pollutants were displayed as a model to assess their removal performance by the developed composite (GO–C) from aqueous solution, through batch technique. According to Langmuir isotherm the GO–C present an excellent adsorption capacity for MB (222.22 mg g−1), CV (270.27 mg g−1), Cu2+ (163.4 mg g−1) and Co2+ (145.35 mg g−1) which were more than the adsorption capacities found in literature. Additionally, the regenerated composite presents higher removal ability than the original composite.
Assessing the impact of climate change and human activity on streamflow in a semiarid basin using precipitation and baseflow analysis
Authors: Saedi Javad , Sharifi Mohammad Reza , Saremi Ali , Babazadeh Hossein
Published: June 2022

Assessment of streamflow variations under the influence of climate change and human activity is crucial for sustainable water resource management, especially in semiarid areas. In this study, we first used the Hydrograph Separation Program to separate and analyze the base flow index (BFI) that was impacted directly by human activity and precipitation as an important climate factor from 1967 to 2016 in the Dez River Basin. Second, the Mann–Kendall trend test was used to identify trends and change points. Then, the elasticity coefficient method was applied to calculate the impacts of natural factors and anthropogenic activities. The results of the separation methods showed that the sliding interval method produced a better performance. Furthermore; the analyzed trend test at the annual scale showed a significant decreasing trend for runoff as well as increasing trends for the baseflow index in the four of five sub-basins of the Dez River at confidence levels of 95% and 99%, while the average precipitation in these sub-basins was not significant. Additionally, at the seasonal scale in these sub-basins, the average precipitation in winter showed a significant downward trend, while runoff showed a decreasing trend and the BFI index showed increasing trends in winter, spring and summer. The abrupt change point was determined after the change in the BFI index; the runoff was reduced. The maximum change occurred in the sub-basin tireh which after change point from 1977 to 1993,runoff reduced − 1.49% comparison with the base period( from 1967 to 1976) also elasticity estimation was − 0.46,but after change point in Baseflow index from 1994 to 2016 runoff reduced − 55.02% and elasticity estimation was − 0.65. The baseflow index trend and elasticity estimation also indicated that intensive human activities had more significant effects on the Dez Basin's hydrological processes and streamflow variation.
Photocycle of point defects in highly- and weakly-germanium doped silica revealed by transient absorption measurements with femtosecond tunable pump
Authors: De Michele V. , Sciortino A. , Bouet M. , Bouwmans G. , Agnello S. , Messina F. , Cannas M. , Boukenter A. , Marin E. , Girard S. , Ouerdane Y.
Published: June 2022

We report pump-probe transient absorption measurements addressing the photocycle of the Germanium lone pair center (GLPC) point defect with an unprecedented time resolution. The GLPC is a model point defect with a simple and well-understood electronic structure, highly relevant for several applications. Therefore, a full explanation of its photocycle is fundamental to understand the relaxation mechanisms of such molecular-like systems in solid state. The experiment, carried out exciting the sample resonantly with the ultraviolet (UV) GLPC absorption band peaked at 5.1 eV, gave us the possibility to follow the defect excitation-relaxation dynamics from the femto-picosecond to the nanosecond timescale in the UV–visible range. Moreover, the transient absorption signal was studied as a function of the excitation photon energy and comparative experiments were conducted on highly- and weakly-germanium doped silica glasses. The results offer a comprehensive picture of the relaxation dynamics of GLPC and allow observing the interplay between electronic transitions localized on the defect and those related to bandgap transitions, providing a clear evidence that the role of dopant high concentration is not negligible in the earliest dynamics.
Comparison of non-invasive, scalp-recorded auditory steady-state responses in humans, rhesus monkeys, and common marmosets
Authors: Konoike Naho , Iwaoki Haruhiko , Miwa Miki , Sakata Honami , Itoh Kosuke , Nakamura Katsuki
Published: June 2022

Auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) are basic neural responses used to probe the ability of auditory circuits to produce synchronous activity to repetitive external stimulation. Reduced ASSR has been observed in patients with schizophrenia, especially at 40 Hz. Although ASSR is a translatable biomarker with a potential both in animal models and patients with schizophrenia, little is known about the features of ASSR in monkeys. Herein, we recorded the ASSR from humans, rhesus monkeys, and marmosets using the same method to directly compare the characteristics of ASSRs among the species. We used auditory trains on a wide range of frequencies to investigate the suitable frequency for ASSRs induction, because monkeys usually use stimulus frequency ranges different from humans for vocalization. We found that monkeys and marmosets also show auditory event-related potentials and phase-locking activity in gamma-frequency trains, although the optimal frequency with the best synchronization differed among these species. These results suggest that the ASSR could be a useful translational, cross-species biomarker to examine the generation of gamma-band synchronization in nonhuman primate models of schizophrenia.
Synthesis of biocompatible Konjac glucomannan stabilized silver nanoparticles, with Asystasia gangetica phenolic extract for colorimetric detection of mercury (II) ion
Authors: Jayeoye Titilope John , Eze Fredrick Nwude , Olatunji Opeyemi Joshua , Tyopine Andrew Aondoaver
Published: June 2022

Herein, the synthesis of a biocompatible silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), for colorimetric detection of toxic mercury (II) ion (Hg2+), is reported. Phenolic-rich fraction of Asystasia gangetica leaf was extracted and used as a reductant of silver salt, all within the hydrophilic konjac glucomannan (KgM) solution as stabilizer, at room temperature (RT). The bioactive components of Asystasia gangetica phenolic extract (AGPE), as elucidated with a (UHPLC-MS-QTOF-MS), revealed plethora of phenolic compounds, which can facilitate the reduction of silver salt at ambient conditions. Sparkling yellow colloidal solution of KgM-AgNPs was realized within 1 h, at RT, having a UV–vis maximum at 420 nm. KgM-AgNPs was characterized using UV–vis, Raman and (FTIR), TEM, SEM, EDS, XRD, TGA/DTG. TEM and FESEM images showed that KgM-AgNPs were spherical, with particle size distribution around 10–15 nm from TEM. The KgM-AgNPs biocompatibility was investigated on mouse L929 fibrobroblast and rat erythrocytes, without any harmful damages on the tested cells. In aqueous environment, KgM-AgNPs demonstrated good detection capacity toward Hg2+, in a Hg2+ concentration dependent fashion, within 3 min. Absorbance ratios (A360/A408) was linear with Hg2+ concentrations from 0.010–10.0 to 10.0–60.0 µM, with an estimated (LOD) of 3.25 nM. The probe was applied in lake water sample, with satisfactory accuracy.
Efficacy of short-course colchicine treatment in hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia and hyperinflammation: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Cecconi Alberto , Martinez-Vives Pablo , Vera Alberto , Lavilla Olleros Cristina , Barrios Ana , Fonseca Aizpuru Eva , Roquero Pilar , Hernandez Muñiz Susana , Olivera Maria Jose , Ciudad Marianela , Pampin Sanchez Ruben , Fernandez-Madera Martínez Rosa , Bautista-Hernández Azucena , García Castillo Elena , Iturricastillo Gorane , Ávalos Elena , Prada Cotado Diana , Alejandre de Oña Alvaro , Fernandez Carracedo Eduardo , Marcos-Jimenez Ana , Sanz-Garcia Ancor , Alfranca Aranzazu , Cecconi Maurizio , de La Fuente Hortensia , Sanz de Benito Maria Angeles , Caballero Paloma , Sanchez-Madrid Francisco , Ancochea Julio , Suarez Carmen , Jimenez-Borreguero Luis Jesus , Alfonso Fernando
Published: June 2022

Some patients with COVID-19 pneumonia develop an associated cytokine storm syndrome that aggravates the pulmonary disease. These patients may benefit of anti-inflammatory treatment. The role of colchicine in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and established hyperinflammation remains unexplored. In a prospective, randomized controlled, observer-blinded endpoint, investigator-initiated trial, 240 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and established hyperinflammation were randomly allocated to receive oral colchicine or not. The primary efficacy outcome measure was a composite of non-invasive mechanical ventilation (CPAP or BiPAP), admission to the intensive care unit, invasive mechanical ventilation requirement or death. The composite primary outcome occurred in 19.3% of the total study population. The composite primary outcome was similar in the two arms (17% in colchicine group vs. 20.8% in the control group; p = 0.533) and the same applied to each of its individual components. Most patients received steroids (98%) and heparin (99%), with similar doses in both groups. In this trial, including adult patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and associated hyperinflammation, no clinical benefit was observed with short-course colchicine treatment beyond standard care regarding the combined outcome measurement of CPAP/BiPAP use, ICU admission, invasive mechanical ventilation or death (Funded by the Community of Madrid, EudraCT Number: 2020-001841-38; 26/04/2020).
Comparing two-dimensional ultrasonography with three-dimensional ultrasonography and MRI for the levator ani defects grading
Authors: Luo Yijia , Pan Honghong , Yang Linxin , Lin Ning , Fan Zhihua , Chen Weiji
Published: June 2022

Levator ani defect (LAD) closely correlates with pelvic floor disorders (PFD). In general, LAD was graded by three-dimensional ultrasonography (3D-US) and MRI, which could be used hardly in some developing area. Our objective was to determine whether two-dimensional ultrasonography (2D-US), a method that is almost universally accessible, could be used to diagnose the LAD. 129 Chinese women with PFD were recruited for the LAD grading by 2D-US and 3D-US and MRI. LAD was classified into intact, partial and complete avulsions. The puborectalis attachment width (PAW) was measured by 2D-US and with the software on the three-dimensional MRI-based LAD models. The results were compared and analyzed using the weighted kappa and the Pearson’s coefficient. Of the 119 patients, 64 were diagnosed with LAD by 2D-US, 70 were identified by 3D-US while 68 were confirmed by MRI. The LAD grading of 2D-US showed good agreement with MRI (kappa = 0.78, 95% CI 0.71–0.86) and 3D-US (kappa = 0.77, 95% CI 0.70–0.84). In regard to the consensus of partial or complete avulsions, 2D-US showed excellent good agreement with MRI (kappa = 0.86, 95% CI 0.73–0.97), superior than 3D-US with MRI (kappa = 0.55, 95% CI 0.36–0.71). Additionally, iliococcygeus avulsions detected by MRI (n = 7) were accompanied by complete puborectalis avulsions. The averaged PAW was 10.42 ± 5.57 mm measured by 2D-US, which correlated well with the results measured by MRI (Pearson’s coefficient = 0.90). 2D-US, 3D-US and MRI showed the good agreement on LAD diagnosis. Compared with MRI and 3D-US, 2D-US was comparable in grading LAD, especially complete avulsions.
Addressing nitrogenous gases from croplands toward low-emission agriculture
Authors: Pan Shu-Yuan , He Kung-Hui , Lin Kuan-Ting , Fan Chihhao , Chang Chang-Tang
Published: June 2022

The use of nitrogen fertilizers in agriculture produces significant quantities of nitrogenous gases including ammonia, nitric oxide, and nitrous oxide. Through better farmland management practices, the emission of nitrogenous gases can be reduced while realizing clean water environment and climate-smart agriculture. In this article, we first provided an overview of the international movements on reducing nitrogenous gas emissions from farmlands. Then, we summarized the effect of agricultural management practices on nitrogen use efficiency for various crops, and evaluated their effect on nitrogenous gas emissions. The results indicated the importance of implementing site-specific sustainable management practices to enhance nitrogen use efficiency, and thus mitigate nitrogenous gas emissions. We also addressed the impact of agricultural activities on cropland nitrogen cycles, and highlighted the need to perform systematic trade-off evaluations with a well-defined scope to maximize environmental benefits and maintain ecosystem services. Lastly, we proposed three priority directions by moving toward a low-emission agriculture.
Aligning mission to digital health strategy in academic medical centers
Authors: Cohen Adam B. , Stump Lisa , Krumholz Harlan M. , Cartiera Margaret , Jain Sanchita , Scott Sussman L. , Hsiao Allen , Lindop Walter , Ying Anita Kuo , Kaul Rebecca L. , Balcezak Thomas J. , Tereffe Welela , Comerford Matthew , Jacoby Daniel , Navai Neema
Published: June 2022

The strategies of academic medical centers arise from core values and missions that aim to provide unmatched clinical care, patient experience, research, education, and training. These missions drive nearly all activities. They should also drive digital health activities – and particularly now given the rapid adoption of digital health, marking one of the great transformations of healthcare; increasing pressures on health systems to provide more cost-effective care; the pandemic-accelerated funding and rise of well-funded new entrants and technology giants that provide more convenient forms of care; and a more favorable regulatory and reimbursement landscape to incorporate digital health approaches. As academic medical centers emerge from a pandemic-related reactionary digital health posture, where pressures to adopt more digital health technologies mount, a broad digital health realignment that leverages the strengths of such centers is required to accomplish their missions.
Mercury levels in hair are associated with reduced neurobehavioral performance and altered brain structures in young adults
Authors: Takeuchi Hikaru , Shiota Yuka , Yaoi Ken , Taki Yasuyuki , Nouchi Rui , Yokoyama Ryoichi , Kotozaki Yuka , Nakagawa Seishu , Sekiguchi Atsushi , Iizuka Kunio , Hanawa Sugiko , Araki Tsuyoshi , Miyauchi Carlos Makoto , Sakaki Kohei , Nozawa Takayuki , Ikeda Shigeyuki , Yokota Susumu , Magistro Daniele , Sassa Yuko , Kawashima Ryuta
Published: June 2022

The detrimental effects of high-level mercury exposure on the central nervous system as well as effects of low-level exposure during early development have been established. However, no previous studies have investigated the effects of mercury level on brain morphometry using advance imaging techniques in young adults. Here, utilizing hair analysis which has been advocated as a method for biological monitoring, data of regional gray matter volume (rGMV), regional white matter volume (rWMV), fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), cognitive functions, and depression among 920 healthy young adults in Japan, we showed that greater hair mercury levels were weakly but significantly associated with diminished cognitive performance, particularly on tasks requiring rapid processing (speed measures), lower depressive tendency, lower rGMV in areas of the thalamus and hippocampus, lower rWMV in widespread areas, greater FA in bilaterally distributed white matter areas overlapping with areas of significant rWMV reductions and lower MD of the widely distributed gray and white matter areas particularly in the bilateral frontal lobe and the right basal ganglia. These results suggest that even normal mercury exposure levels in Japan are weakly associated with differences of brain structures and lower neurobehavioral performance and altered mood among young adults.
Hypoxia-induced inhibin promotes tumor growth and vascular permeability in ovarian cancers
Authors: Horst Ben , Pradhan Shrikant , Chaudhary Roohi , Listik Eduardo , Quintero-Macias Liz , Choi Alex Seok , Southard Michael , Liu Yingmiao , Whitaker Regina , Hempel Nadine , Berchuck Andrew , Nixon Andrew B. , Lee Nam Y. , Henis Yoav I. , Mythreye Karthikeyan
Published: June 2022

Hypoxia, a driver of tumor growth and metastasis, regulates angiogenic pathways that are targets for vessel normalization and ovarian cancer management. However, toxicities and resistance to anti-angiogenics can limit their use making identification of new targets vital. Inhibin, a heteromeric TGFβ ligand, is a contextual regulator of tumor progression acting as an early tumor suppressor, yet also an established biomarker for ovarian cancers. Here, we find that hypoxia increases inhibin levels in ovarian cancer cell lines, xenograft tumors, and patients. Inhibin is regulated primarily through HIF-1, shifting the balance under hypoxia from activins to inhibins. Hypoxia regulated inhibin promotes tumor growth, endothelial cell invasion and permeability. Targeting inhibin in vivo through knockdown and anti-inhibin strategies robustly reduces permeability in vivo and alters the balance of pro and anti-angiogenic mechanisms resulting in vascular normalization. Mechanistically, inhibin regulates permeability by increasing VE-cadherin internalization via ACVRL1 and CD105, a receptor complex that we find to be stabilized directly by inhibin. Our findings demonstrate direct roles for inhibins in vascular normalization via TGF-β receptors providing new insights into the therapeutic significance of inhibins as a strategy to normalize the tumor vasculature in ovarian cancer.
An anomalous warm-season trans-Pacific atmospheric river linked to the 2021 western North America heatwave
Authors: Mo Ruping , Lin Hai , Vitart Frédéric
Published: June 2022

Atmospheric rivers are long and narrow bands of enhanced water vapour transport concentrated in the lower troposphere. Many studies have documented the important role of cold-season atmospheric rivers in producing heavy precipitation and extreme flooding events. Relatively little research has been conducted on the warm-season atmospheric rivers and their impacts on heatwave events. Here we show an anomalous warm-season atmospheric river moving across the North Pacific and its interaction with the extreme western North American heatwave in late June 2021. This system transported moisture and heat energy from Southeast Asia to the northeast Pacific. Its landfall over Southeast Alaska resulted in substantial spillover of moisture and sensible heat beyond the Pacific Coast Ranges. We provide evidence indicating that the sensible heat flux convergence and the short-lived greenhouse effect of the trapped moisture could form a positive feedback mechanism leading to the northward expansion of the heatwave event across western Canada.
Cytosine methylation regulates DNA bendability depending on the curvature
Authors: Yeou Sanghun , Hwang Jihee , Yi Jaehun , Kim Cheolhee , Kim Seong Keun , Lee Nam Ki
Published: June 2022

D-shaped DNA is used to observe dsDNA bending mechanics. Cytosine methylation increases the intrinsic stiffness of dsDNA. Under strong bending, methylation stabilizes or destabilizes a kink form depending on methylation sites.
Construction of a piezoelectric immunosensor for ultra-sensitive and highly selective detection of ribavirin in animal-derived foods
Authors: Liu Chang , Qie Meili , Hu Xuelian , Wang Haiyang , Fang Guozhen , Wang Shuo
Published: June 2022

In this work, a suppressive piezoelectric immunosensor based on the ultra-sensitive quartz crystal microbalance and highly specific immunosorbent assay was constructed for the detection of ribavirin for the first time.
Arabinoxylan from rice bran protects mice against high-fat diet-induced obesity and metabolic inflammation by modulating gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids
Authors: Luo Shunjing , He Li , Zhang Huibin , Li Zhongxia , Liu Chengmei , Chen Tingting
Published: June 2022

Arabinoxylan from rice bran protects against obesity by reducing inflammation and modulating the gut microbiota.
Preparation of single-crystal ternary cathode materials via recycling spent cathodes for high performance lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Huang Cheng , Xia Xue , Chi Ziwei , Yang Zeheng , Huang Haijian , Chen Zhangxian , Tang Weijian , Wu Guoqing , Chen Huayong , Zhang Weixin
Published: June 2022

Via relithiation-recrystallization under molten salt conditions, spent ternary cathode materials can be regenerated into micro-sized plate-like single-crystals, exhibiting outstanding rate capability and cycling stability for LIBs.
Progress on two-dimensional binary oxide materials
Authors: Yang Manli , Ye Zhixiang , Iqbal Muhammad Ahsan , Liang Huawei , Zeng Yu-Jia
Published: June 2022

Two-dimensional van der Waals (2D vdW) materials have attracted much attention because of their unique electronic and optical properties.
A robust spin-dependent Seebeck effect and remarkable spin thermoelectric performance in graphether nanoribbons
Authors: Jiang Yue , Guo Yan-Dong , Lin Li-Yan , Yan Xiao-Hong
Published: June 2022

Spin caloritronic devices based on magnetic graphether nanoribbons exhibit a robust spin-dependent Seebeck effect and a remarkable spin thermoelectric performance, including a high spin Seebeck coefficient and a giant spin figure of merit.
Investigation of a benzodiazaborine library to identify new pH-responsive fluorophores
Authors: Cho Hyungjin , Lee Suji , Han Min Su
Published: June 2022

We report a new pH-responsive fluorophore that is suitable for sensing extremely alkaline solution based on fluorescence-based high-throughput screening of a benzodiazaborine library.
Study on the time and duration of restart on the AC/DC interconnected system based on dynamic energy
Authors: Ma Jing , Zhang Jiaming , Du Wangyang , Shao Hongfei , Huang Qing , Li Rui , Hua Feng , Wang Jianbo , Shen Yaqi , Cheng Peng
Published: June 2022

Concerning the difficulty in determining the restart strategy for AC/DC interconnected systems, this paper proposes a method of calculating the optimal restart strategy for AC/DC interconnected systems based on dynamic energy. First, a dynamic energy function that characterises the stability of system is constructed. Then, the analytical expressions of the dynamic energy function are calculated separately for the deionisation stage, the restart stage, and the alpha retard stage of the entire restart process. On this basis, the variation rate of the system dynamic energy is defined as the energy accumulation rate, which quantifies the accumulation or consumption of dynamic energy during the restart process, and facilitates detailed analysis of the effects of the restart time and restart duration on the stability of system. Then, a method to calculate the optimal restart time is proposed with the goal of minimising the dynamic energy accumulated in the system. Finally, hardware‐in‐the‐loop tests are carried out on the RT‐LAB platform for simulation verification. The experimental results show that the dynamic energy function constructed in this paper can reflect the stability of system. Using the proposed optimal restart strategy can reduce the accumulation of dynamic energy and improve the stability of system.
A 3D parametric Martian magnetic pileup boundary model with the effects of solar wind density, velocity, and IMF
Authors: Wang M. , Sui H. Y. , Lu J. Y. , Xie L. , Kabin K. , Zhou Y. , Zhang H. X. , Qu B. H. , Guan Z. J. , Qiao F. H. , Li L.
Published: June 2022

Using global magnetohydrodynamic simulations, we construct a 3D parametric model of the Martian magnetic pileup boundary (MPB). This model employs a modified parabola function defined by four parameters. The effects of the solar wind dynamic pressure, the solar wind densities and velocities, and the intensity and orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) are examined using 267 simulation cases. The results from our parametric model show that (1) the MPB moves closer to Mars when the upstream solar wind dynamic pressure (Pd) increases, the subsolar standoff distance decreases and the flaring degree of the Martian MPB increases with an increasing Pd according to the power-law relations. For the same Pd, a higher solar wind velocity (a lower density) leads to a farther location of the MPB from Mars, along with a larger flaring degree, which is explained by the higher solar wind convection electric fields and a stronger magnetic pileup process under these conditions. (2) Larger Y or Z components of the IMF, BY or BZ, result in a thicker pileup region and a farther MPB location from Mars, as well as a decrease in the flaring degree. The radial IMF component, BX, has little effect on the geometry of the MPB. (3) In most of the simulations used to derive the current parametric model, the strongest Martian crustal magnetic field is located on the dayside. However, for a larger value of the southward IMF, the Martian MPB is located farther away in the northern hemisphere instead of the southern hemisphere. The north-south asymmetry of the Martian MPB with the southern hemisphere being farther away is observed for other IMF directions. We suggest that the magnetic reconnection of the southward IMF with the crustal field that occurs at middle latitudes of the southern hemisphere results in different magnetic field topologies and the closer location of the MPB under these conditions. Our model results show a relatively good agreement with the previous empirical and theoretical models.
Characterisation of Galactic carbon stars and related stars fromGaiaEDR3
Authors: Abia C. , de Laverny P. , Romero-Gómez M. , Figueras F.
Published: June 2022

The third earlyGaiadata release (EDR3) has improved the accuracy of the astrometric parameters of numerous long-period variable (LPV) stars. Many of these stars are on the asymptotic giant branch (AGB), showing either a C-rich or O-rich envelope and are characterised by high luminosity, changing surface composition, and intense mass loss. This make them very useful for stellar studies. In a previous investigation, we usedGaiaDR2 astrometry to derive the luminosity function, kinematic properties, and stellar population membership of a flux-limited sample of carbon stars in the solar neighbourhood of different spectral types. Here, we extend this initial study to more recent surveys with a greater number of Galactic carbon stars and related stars by adopting the more accurate EDR3 astrometry measurements. Based on a much larger statistics, we confirm that N- and SC-type carbon stars share a very similar luminosity function, while the luminosities of J-type stars (Mbol) are fainter by half a magnitude on average. R-hot type carbon stars have luminosities throughout the RGB, which favours the hypothesis of an external origin for their carbon enhancement. Moreover, the kinematic properties of a significant fraction of the R-hot stars are compatible with the thick-disc population, in contrast with that of N- and SC-type stars, which would belong mostly to the thin disk. We also derive the luminosity function of a large number of Galactic extrinsic and intrinsic (O-rich) S stars and show that the luminosities of the latter are typically higher than the predicted onset of the third dredge-up during the AGB for solar metallicity. This result is consistent with these stars being genuine thermally pulsing AGB stars. On the other hand, using the so-calledGaia-2MASS diagram, we show that the overwhelming majority of the carbon stars identified in the LAMOST survey as AGB stars are probably R-hot and/or CH-type stars. Finally, we report the identification of ∼2660 new carbon stars candidates that we identified through their 2MASS photometry, theirGaiaastrometry, and their location in theGaia-2MASS diagram.
Lumbar Spine Posttherapeutic Imaging
Authors: Lacroix Maxime , Ferrero Emmanuelle , Burns Robert , Guigui Pierre , Clement Olivier , Feydy Antoine
Published: June 2022

Management of patients after lumbar spine surgery or interventional radiology can be complex, and postoperative imaging patterns are often poorly understood by nonspecialized radiologists. This article focuses on postoperative imaging features of the lumbar spine in five clinical settings (with corresponding interventions): vertebral osteoporotic fractures (percutaneous vertebroplasty and vertebral augmentation), lumbar disk herniation (surgical diskectomy and percutaneous interventional radiology), lumbar spinal stenosis (surgical decompression), lumbar spondylolisthesis (surgical decompression and fusion), and degenerative scoliosis (techniques of osteotomies).

For each intervention, we discuss imaging indications, depending if the patient is asymptomatic or if there are suspected complications, describe normal and pathologic imaging features, and present key points.
Open Source Digital Health Software for Resilient, Accessible and Equitable Healthcare Systems
Authors: Paton Chris , Braa Jørn , Muhire Andrew , Marco-Ruiz Luis , Kobayashi Shinji , Fraser Hamish , Falcón Luis , Marcelo Alvin
Published: June 2022

Objective: To assess the impact of open-source projects on making healthcare systems more resilient, accessible and equitable.

Methods: In response to the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) call for working group contributions for the IMIA Yearbook, the Open Source Working Group (OSWG) conducted a rapid review of current open source digital health projects to illustrate how they can contribute to making healthcare systems more resilient, accessible and equitable. We sought case studies from the OSWG membership to illustrate these three concepts and how open source software (OSS) addresses these concepts in the real world. These case studies are discussed against the background of literature identified through the rapid review.

Results: To illustrate the concept of resilience, we present case studies from the adoption of District Health Information Software version 2 (DHIS2) for managing the Covid pandemic in Rwanda, and the adoption of the OpenEHR open Health IT standard. To illustrate accessibility, we show how open source design systems for user interface design have been used by governments to ensure accessibility of digital health services for patients and healthy individuals, and by the OpenMRS community to standardise their user interface design. Finally, to illustrate the concept of equity, we describe the OpenWHO framework and two open source digital health projects, GNU Health and openIMIS, that both aim to reduce health inequities through the use of open source digital health software.

Conclusion: This review has demonstrated that open source software addresses many of the challenges involved in making healthcare more accessible, equitable and resilient in high and low income settings.
Comparação entre as técnicas de Figueiredo e de reconstrução volar V-Y de Atasoy-Kleinert no tratamento de lesões transversas e oblíquas dorsais de ponta de dedo
Authors: Figueiredo Leandro Azevedo de , Ribeiro Rafael de Souza , Figueiredo Pedro Hemerly , Lima André Luiz Machado , Oliveira Felipe Mantovani de , Júnior Dalton Silva de Oliveira
Published: June 2022

Objetivo Comparar os resultados do tratamento de lesões transversais e oblíquas dorsais de ponta de dedo, tratadas pelas técnicas de reconstrução volar VY de Atasoy-Kleinert e a de Figueiredo.

Método Foram selecionados em um hospital público de referência em trauma de alta complexidade 21 pacientes que sofreram trauma agudo em qualquer dedo da mão com consequentes lesões transversas ou oblíquas dorsais de ponta de dedo. Destes, 10 pacientes foram tratados pela técnica de reconstrução volar V-Y de Atasoy-Kleinert e 11 pela Técnica de Figueiredo (TF) e os resultados estéticos e funcionais foram comparados com base em quatro critérios: evolução de processo infeccioso durante o tratamento; capacidade de discriminação estática e dinâmica entre dois pontos; formação de neuroma; e avaliação estética e funcional do crescimento da unha.

Resultados Nenhum dos grupos estudados desenvolveu neuroma ou processo infeccioso durante o tratamento. Na avaliação clínica geral observou-se que nenhuma variável apresentou associação estatisticamente significativa, ou seja, ambos grupos apresentaram comportamentos semelhantes no pós-operatório com um valor-p > 0,05 na comparação de todos os critérios estudados.

Conclusão O presente estudo concluiu que a Técnica de Figueiredo é tão eficiente quanto a técnica de reconstrução volar V-Y de Atasoy-Kleinert, ambas podem ser utilizadas para o tratamento de lesões transversas e oblíquas dorsais em ponta de dedos, sendo duas técnicas de excelentes resultados para tais lesões.
HEPA filter improves homemade cloth mask to surgical mask standards
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: June 2022

Hydrophobic inner filters can stop respiratory disease-infected water droplets from passing through cloth masks.
Large eddy simulation of structural characteristics in turbulent flow around a circular cylinder close to a wavy wall
Authors: Qiu Xiang , Sun Wenlei , Tao Yizhou , Li Jiahua , Li Jianghua , Liu Yulu
Published: June 2022

The flow characteristics and vortex evolution behind a circular cylinder near a wavy wall are studied using a large-eddy simulation framework. The Reynolds number based on the cylinder diameter D is ReD = 1500, the gap ratio G/D is fixed to 1, and the slope S = λ/2k varies from 2 to 8 (where G is the distance between the lower surface of the cylinder and the crest, λ is the wavelength, and k is the wave amplitude). The flow field characteristics, hydrodynamic coefficients, pressure distributions, vortex evolution, and three-dimensional flow features are presented and discussed. The phase of the flow field is determined by proper orthogonal decomposition, and the vortex identification method is applied to capture vortex structures. Compared with a smooth wall, the wavy wall changes the pressure distribution of the flow field and decreases (increases) the mean drag (lift) coefficient. As the wall amplitude increases, the Strouhal number increases slightly, attaining values of 0.25 for S = 8, 0.25 for S = 4, and 0.26 for S = 2. The wall pressure coefficient has an approximately periodic distribution, while the wall friction coefficient varies according to the evolution of secondary vortices on the wall. Two small secondary vortices appear either side of the crest before merging into a new secondary vortex that moves downstream with the upper and lower wake vortices. The energy of the first two modes obtained by proper orthogonal decomposition decreases compared with the smooth-wall case, whereas that of the third and fourth modes increases, reflecting the greater large-scale vortex structures between the wavy walls. This is confirmed by examining the instantaneous three-dimensional vortex structures using the Q-criterion.
Concurrent 3. Presentation for: Examining the challenges and opportunities for Australia as an LNG producer against the backdrop of rising domestic renewables output and global interest in ‘carbon-neutral’ LNG
Authors: Lee Rou Urn
Published: June 2022

Presented on Tuesday 17 May: Session 3 A massive global exporter of natural resources, Australia took the crown as the world’s top LNG producer at the end of 2018 and cemented its position in the following years with a slew of new LNG projects. But burgeoning LNG production in rival countries such as Qatar and the US in recent years has put the three countries neck and neck. As a party to the Paris Agreement which advocates climate change, Australia has held fast to its commitment of reducing carbon emissions by increasing the output of renewables such as solar, wind and hydro amid declining domestic gas production. At the same time, the country has attempted to up its ‘carbon-neutral’ LNG offerings in response to a global shift towards decarbonisation and net-zero targets. But what do all these mean for the LNG producing country? Could a rise in renewables output inevitably sound the death knell for the country’s LNG industry, which relies on gas for feedstock? Where does Australia stand in comparison with other countries, particularly Qatar and the US, when it comes to producing ‘carbon-neutral’ LNG? This paper will examine what the recent increase in renewables output in Australia to all-time highs and growing global interest in ‘carbon-neutral’ LNG mean for Australia as an LNG producer, delving particularly into the challenges and opportunities that accompany these developments for the country. To access the presentation click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here
Concurrent 8. Presentation for: Carbon capture and storage: a review of Australian projects
Authors: Quinn Matthew
Published: June 2022

Presented on Tuesday 17 May: Session 8 Within Australia, carbon capture and storage (CCS) and carbon capture, utilisation and storage will play a significant role as part of an ‘all of the above’ approach to managing greenhouse gas emissions. Two CCS projects are currently operating: Gorgon and the Otway CCS project. The Gorgon and Jansz-Io fields contain approximately 14% carbon dioxide (CO2). The CO2 is brought to shore at Barrow Island and injected into the Dupuy Formation saline aquifer at a depth of 2500 m. While the project has experienced delays with start-up and operational issues, to July 2021 nearly 5 MMt of CO2 had been injected. The Otway CCS Project is a research facility used to study subsurface CO2 storage and behaviour within saline aquifers and depleted reservoirs. Since the start of the project in 2007 a total of 95 000 t of CO2 has been stored. Final Investment Decision was taken for the Moomba CCS project on 1 November 2021 and for the Leigh Creek Urea project in March 2021. In addition, feasibility studies are being carried out across multiple projects within Australia including the South West and Mid-West Projects in the Perth Basin, CarbonNet in Victoria’s Latrobe Valley and Gippsland Basin and the Moonie oil field EOR, Integrated Surat Basin Project and the ATP 2062-P Buckland Basalt projects in the Bowen-Surat Basin. A CCS hub at Bayu-Undan is being assessed as a possible option to reduce the carbon footprint of the Barossa, Caldita and Evans Shoals projects, and feasibility studies are underway into large-scale multi-user CCS hubs near both Darwin and Karratha. To access the presentation click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here
Concurrent 9. Presentation for: Australian onshore petroleum acreage and releases 2022
Authors: Kluger Dieter
Published: June 2022

Presented on Wednesday 18 May: Session 9 This paper is a compilation of information provided by state and territory jurisdictions about onshore acreage and its availability for petroleum exploration in 2022. Most Australian state and territory governments continue to research and promote petroleum prospectivity and support exploration opportunities. Current and future policy directions including government initiatives and strategies to support and increase petroleum exploration opportunities are described, particularly for jurisdictions where no or limited acreage releases are available this year. Increased global energy demand, supply chain issues and resulting commodity price increases present challenges for domestic users and governments alike as global economies bounce back from the forced slow-down of the COVID-19 pandemic. At the time of writing, the conflict in Europe brings additional supply chain challenges. To access the presentation click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here
Concurrent 9. Presentation for: The Queensland Resources Industry Development Plan: a 30-year plan to build a resilient, responsible and sustainable resources industry that grows as it transforms
Authors: Lloyd Kahil , Sycz Carlye
Published: June 2022

Presented on Wednesday 18 May: Session 9 The Queensland resources industry will be increasingly affected by global trends, such as decarbonisation, corporate social responsibility, emerging innovations and the rise of the Indo-Pacific region. While these trends create challenges for the resources industry, they present greater opportunities for transformation, growth and diversification. A plan to navigate these trends is critical, and that is why the Queensland Government has committed to delivering a Queensland Resources Industry Development Plan (QRIDP). The QRIDP outlines a 30-year vision for Queensland’s resources industry – petroleum and gas, coal and minerals sectors – to respond to these emerging global trends. The QRIDP’s vision is for ‘a resilient, responsible and sustainable Queensland resources industry that grows as it transforms.’ A range of actions for government and industry to undertake over the coming years to realise this shared vision is included in the QRIDP in its six key focus areas. The QRIDP has been informed through extensive stakeholder consultation and expert advice, with a draft QRIDP released for feedback in November 2021. Feedback received on the draft is being considered by the Department of Resources and a final QRIDP is expected to be released by mid-2022. To access the presentation click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here
Concurrent 12. Presentation for: Shuts, turns and roundabouts
Authors: Kalisch Brett
Published: June 2022

Presented on Wednesday 18 May: Session 12 The outcomes of operational shutdowns and maintenance events, ‘Shuts and Turns’, can significantly affect a company’s performance and reputation. These are typically highly complex operations that demand significant resources and must deliver results. Shuts and Turns are expensive activities, not only in terms of the direct cost of labour plant and materials but also the production deferral. Leading operators recognise that they also pose significant risk to future production which is why significant time and effort goes into robust management framework. Safety performance is paramount, with schedule adherence also key. Operators spend considerable time planning to ensure successful Shuts and Turns have: an established management framework; effective scope management; thorough front-end loading; robust controls and change management; an assessment of the risks of emerging work; efficient resource planning; and rigorous safety and QA/QC processes. This paper provides: an overview of the different types of Shuts and Turns used by Australian operators; the benefits of a robust shutdown governance approach; an overview of key success areas; importance of lessons learned; and a detailed case study based on our work with a major downstream facility. The paper will appeal to oil and gas operators, major contractors and service providers. To access the presentation click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here
Concurrent 12. Presentation for: Exploring the Thai and Malaysian decommissioning landscapes – identifying opportunities and challenges for Australia
Authors: Tung Aaron
Published: June 2022

Presented on Wednesday 18 May: Session 12 Due to their various economic, environmental and socio-political impacts, oil and gas decommissioning activities attract a wide array of stakeholders, including joint-venture partners, contractors, governments, environmental non-for-profit organisations, academic institutions, recreational anglers and many others. As the first wave of oil and gas decommissioning activities dawns upon the Asia-Pacific region, stakeholder impacts have begun to take shape in the form of regulatory disputes, scope changes, schedule delays and safety incidents. As part of a wider research to enhance project managers’ understanding of stakeholder impacts on oil and gas decommissioning projects in Australia, the South-East Asian landscape was explored in order to identify and highlight any challenges and opportunities that could be relevant to supporting the development of the Australian oil and gas decommissioning industry. The study finds that while nations in South-East Asia are of close proximity to each other and can easily rely on one another for resource sharing, Australia appears to be geographically isolated 'down under'. In addition, Australia currently has various legislative and regulatory barriers that limit access to readily available oil and gas decommissioning yards, facilities and resources across South-East Asia. This presentation will review these opportunities and challenges to recommend possible ways forward for the Australian oil and gas decommissioning industry. To access the presentation click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here