bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stellenwert der schematischen TRUS-Proben im Rahmen der mpMRT-Fusionsbiopsie der Prostata bei Rebiopsien
Authors: Westenfelder Kay M.
Published: October 2017

Einleitung: Ziel der Studie war der Vergleich der Prostatakarzinom(PCa)-Detektionsrate von systematischen transrektalen ultraschallgeführten Biopsien (TRUS-Bx) und gezielten multiparametrischen Magnetresonanztomographie-Biopsien (mp-MRT-Bx) in einem Rebiopsie-Setting sowie die Beurteilung der klinischen Bedeutung eines «nur MRT-gezielten» Ansatzes. Material und Methoden: Patienten mit vorhergehenden negativen Biopsien erhielten eine multiparametrische MRT der Prostata, die anhand der PI-RADS(Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System)-Klassifikation bewertet wurde. Bei allen Patienten, die Läsionen mit einem PI-RADS-Score ≥ 3 aufwiesen, wurden Rebiopsien mittels TRUS-Bx und mp-MRT-Bx mit Bildfusion durchgeführt. Es erfolgte ein Vergleich der Biopsie-Ergebnisse von TRUS-Bx, mp-MRT-Bx sowie deren Kombination. Ergebnisse: Bei 89 von 206 Patienten (43%) wurde ein PCa nachgewiesen. Der Nachweis erfolgte bei 64 (31%) und 74 (36%) Patienten durch mp-MRT-Bx bzw. TRUS-Bx. Insgesamt wurden durch mp-MRT-Bx weniger niedriggradige (Gleason-Score (GS) 3 + 3) Karzinome (14/64 vs. 41/74) detektiert und mehr mäßig-/hochgradige Karzinome (GS ≥ 3 + 4) (50/64 vs. 33/74). Im Vergleich zu TRUS-Bx wurden weniger Biopsiezylinder verwendet (p < 0,001). Ein Vorgehen nach dem Ansatz «nur MRT-gezielt» bei Männern mit PI-RADS-3-Läsionen und höher verringerte die Anzahl der Männer, bei denen Rebiopsien erforderlich waren, um 50%. Außerdem führte es dazu, dass die Zahl der diagnostizierten niedriggradigen Karzinome um 66% zurückging und die Zahl der diagnostizierten mäßig-/hochgradigen Karzinome um 52% zunahm. Schlussfolgerungen: MRT-gezielte Biopsien weisen eine hohe Detektionsrate für signifikante PCa bei Patienten mit vorhergehenden negativen transrektalen Ultraschall-geführten Biopsien auf und detektieren eher mäßig-/hochgradige Tumoren als niedriggradige.
Brusterhaltende Operation bei älteren, risikobehafteten Patientinnen: Auch bei der Anästhesie den nach Möglichkeit minimalinvasivsten Weg wählen
Authors: Kolb Gerald
Published: October 2017

Einleitung: Wir berichten über die Durchführbarkeit und Sicherheit einer Lokalanästhesie (LA) bei Patientinnen, die brusterhaltend operiert wurden. Methoden: In die Studie wurden 37 Patientinnen mit einem ASA(American Society of Anesthesiologists)-Score von 4 und brusterhaltender Operation (BEO) unter LA sowie 54 alters-gematchte Patientinnen mit einem ASA-Score von 3-4 und BEO unter Allgemeinanästhesie (AA) eingeschlossen. Die Patientinnen wurden hinsichtlich folgender Parameter retrospektiv beurteilt: Follow-up-Dauer, Operationsdauer, postoperativer Zufriedenheitsscore (1-10), Komplikationen sowie Überlebensdauer bei lokoregionalem Rezidiv und Gesamtüberlebensraten. Ergebnisse: Die mittlere Follow-up-Dauer betrug 55,09 ± 13,49 Monate (Spanne 38-104) in der AA-Gruppe und 58,7 ± 15,5 Monate (Spanne 20-99) in der LA-Gruppe. Hinsichtlich der Operationsdauer bestand ein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen den Gruppen (p <0,001). In der LA-Gruppe kam es bei 5 Patientinnen (13,5%) zu leichteren Komplikationen, einschließlich Serombildung, Wundinfektion oder Hämatom, wohingegen diese Zahl in der AA-Gruppe bei 6 (11,1%) lag (p >0,05). Die Nachexzisionsrate aufgrund positiver Tumorränder betrug 5,4% (2 Patientinnen) in der LA-Gruppe bzw. 5,5% in der AA-Gruppe. Hinsichtlich des lokoregional-rezidivfreien Überlebens und der Gesamtüberlebensrate bestand kein Unterschied zwischen den beiden Gruppen (p = 0,192, p = 0,93). Schlussfolgerung: Die BEO unter LA scheint bei ausgewählten älteren Hochrisikopatientinnen effektiv und sicher zu sein.
Prognosebestimmende Faktoren bei autolog transplantierten Patienten mit Multiplem Myelom
Authors: Blocka Joanna
Published: October 2017

Im Rahmen dieser retrospektiven monozentrischen Studie untersuchten wir das Überleben von 320 Patienten mit multiplem Myelom (MM), die zwischen 1996 und 2012 eine Hochdosis-Chemotherapie mit Melphalan (HDCT) sowie entweder eine autologe Einzel-Stammzelltransplantation (n = 286) oder eine autologe Tandem-Stammzelltransplantation (n = 34) (ASCT) erhalten hatten. Darüber hinaus beurteilten wir den Einfluss neuer Induktionstherapieschemata. Die mediane Follow-up-Dauer betrug 67 Monate, die mediane Gesamtüberlebensdauer (overall survival, OS) 62 Monate, das mediane progressionsfreie Überleben (progression-free survival, PFS) 33 Monate (95%-KI 27-39) und die behandlungsbezogene Mortalität (treatment-related death, TRD) 3%. In der multivariaten Analyse zeigte sich, dass Alter ≥ 60 Jahre (p = 0,03) und Stadium 3 gemäß International Staging System (p = 0,006) ungünstige Risikofaktoren in Bezug auf das PFS sind. Das mediane OS fiel bei neu diagnostizierten MM-Patienten, die eine Induktionstherapie mit neuartigen Wirkstoffen wie beispielsweise Bortezomib, Thalidomid oder Lenalidomid erhalten hatten, signifikant besser aus als unter dem herkömmlichen Therapieschema (69 vs. 58 Monate; p = 0,01). Mehr Patienten erreichten im Zeitraum von 2005 bis 2012 mindestens eine sehr gute partielle Remission als im Zeitraum von 1996 bis 2004 (65% vs. 30%; p < 0,001) und das mediane OS war im späteren Zeitraum länger (71 vs. 52 Monate, p = 0,027). Insgesamt bestätigt unsere Untersuchung, dass die HDCT-ASCT eine effektive Therapiestrategie in einer unselektierten großen Kohorte von Myelom-Patienten darstellt und aufgrund neuartiger Induktionsstrategien mit einer niedrigen TRD-Rate und verbesserten Prognose verbunden ist.
Efficacy of Antenatal Corticosteroid Treatment on Neurodevelopmental Outcome according to Head Circumference at Birth
Authors: Basset Helene , Nusinovici Simon , Huetz Noémie , Sentilhes Loic , Berlie Isabelle , Flamant Cyril , Roze Jean-Christophe , Gascoin Geraldine
Published: October 2017

Background: There are concerns about the efficacy of antenatal corticosteroid treatment (ACT) in the growth-restricted fetus. Objective: To evaluate the effect of ACT on neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years of corrected age according to the z score of birth head circumference (ZS HC) in a large prospective cohort of preterm infants. Methods: This study was conducted as a population-based, prospective, multicenter study, including 4,965 infants born between 24 and 33 weeks' gestation and whose status regarding ACT and the measurement of head circumference at birth were available. They were evaluated at 2 years of corrected age to assess neurological outcome. Three approaches were considered to estimate the effect of ACT on neurodevelopment: (i) logistic regression with adjustment on propensity score, (ii) weighted logistic regression using the inverse probability of treatment weighting method, and (iii) 1:1 matching of gestational age, ZS HC, and propensity score between treated and nontreated infants. Results: ACT was documented in 60% of infants. Three groups of infants were considered according to their ZS HC: between -3 and -1 standard deviation (SD), -1 and +1 SD, and +1 and +3 SD, respectively. ACT was associated with a significant improvement of neurodevelopmental outcome only for infants with an ZS HC of between +1 and +3 SD (adjusted OR 1.72; 95% CI 1.06-2.79). Moreover, ORs estimated in the -3 to -1 and +1 to +3 categories were significantly different. Conclusion: We found beneficial effects of ACT on neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years of corrected age only in preterm infants with a ZS HC >1 SD.
Validation of a Paediatric Speech and Language Screening (RALF)
Authors: Lousada Marisa , Valente Ana Rita S. , Mendes Ana
Published: October 2017

Background/Aims: This study aims to analyse psychometric characteristics of the Portuguese Paediatric Speech and Language Screening (RALF) test. Methods: 202 Portuguese children aged 3; 0–5; 11 were recruited from 4 kindergartens participating in this study. Reliability and validity (sensitivity and specificity) data were obtained and analysed. Results: Content validity, analysed by an expert panel (general practitioner, kindergarten, teacher, nurse, and speech and language pathologist) revealed that the items were representative and relevant for the content the instrument intends to measure. Sensitivity values were 95, 96, and 83% and specificity values were 85, 84, and 71% for the age groups 3; 0–3; 11, 4; 0–4; 11, and 5; 0–5; 11, respectively. Internal consistency, calculated through Cronbach’s alpha, was 0.7, 0.8, and 0.7, respectively. The inter-judge reliability (interclass correlation coefficient) was 0.951. The results ensure the content validity of RALF. Sensitivity and specificity values revealed that RALF could discriminate typical from disordered speech-language developing children. RALF also presented good internal consistency and excellent reliability. Conclusion: RALF is a reliable and valid screening instrument that health and educational professionals can use in Portuguese children to identify children who may need a speech-language diagnosis for consideration or referral to speech therapy services.
Early Continuous Veno-Venous Hemofiltration Is Effective in Decreasing Intra-Abdominal Pressure and Serum Interleukin-8 Level in Severe Acute Pancreatitis Patients with Abdominal Compartment Syndrome
Authors: Xu Jianmin , Cui Ying , Tian Xiangping
Published: October 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of early continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) in decreasing the intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and serum interleukin-8 (IL-8) level in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) patients with abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS). Methods: Twenty-five ACS patients of SAP were enrolled in a prospective study conducted according to the standard management protocol. They were treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) of Affiliated Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang Medical College and underwent CVVH. Eleven patients were set up as the control group that received no hemofiltration and surgical treatment due to economic or other reasons but solely conventional treatment. Serum amylase, liver and kidney function, and C reactive protein were investigated before and after treatment. IAP and blood level of IL-8 were measured daily to investigate their time course of changes and the correlation between the 2 parameters. Results: Serum amylase levels, C-reactive protein and IAP were significantly lower and liver and kidney function was significantly better than those of the control group (p < 0.05). IAP on admission to the ICU was high, at 22.9 ± 2.1 mm Hg. The IAP was significantly lower to 17.2 ± 2.2 mm Hg (p < 0.01) 24 h after the initiation of CVVH, and thereafter decreased rapidly. The average blood level of IL-8 was high at 88.2 ± 25.1 ng/L on admission. However, it significantly decreased to 63.2 ± 18.7 ng/L (p < 0.01) 24 h after the initiation of CVVH, and subsequently decreased. There was a significant positive correlation between the blood level of IL-8 and IAP(r = 0.62, p < 0.01). Conclusions: CVVH is effective to decrease the IAP and the blood level of IL-8 in ACS patients of SAP. The blood level of IL-8 was significantly correlated with IAP, suggesting that IL-8 might play an important role in the pathogenesis of ACS. Early CVVH appeared to be effective in the treatment of ACS in patients with SAP through the removal of causative cytokines such as IL-8, and it thereby decreased interstitial edema to lower IAP and should be applied in the early stage of ACS. Video Journal Club ‘Cappuccino with Claudio Ronco' at http://www.karger.com/?doi=480223.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Preterm Infant Mortality and Severe Morbidity: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Anderson James G. , Rogers Elizabeth E. , Baer Rebecca J. , Oltman Scott P. , Paynter Randi , Partridge J. Colin , Rand Larry , Jelliffe-Pawlowski Laura L. , Steurer Martina A.
Published: October 2017

Background: Disparities exist in the rates of preterm birth and infant mortality across different racial/ethnic groups. However, only a few studies have examined the impact of race/ethnicity on the outcomes of premature infants. Objective: To report the rates of mortality and severe neonatal morbidity among multiple gestational age (GA) groups stratified by race/ethnicity. Methods: A retrospective cohort study utilizing linked birth certificate, hospital discharge, readmission, and death records up to 1 year of life. Live-born infants ≤36 weeks born in the period 2007-2012 were included. Maternal self-identified race/ethnicity, as recorded on the birth certificate, was used. ICD-9 diagnostic and procedure codes captured neonatal morbidities (intraventricular hemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity, periventricular leukomalacia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and necrotizing enterocolitis). Multiple logistic regression was performed to evaluate the impact of race/ethnicity on mortality and morbidity, adjusting for GA, birth weight, sex, and multiple gestation. Results: Our cohort totaled 245,242 preterm infants; 26% were white, 46% Hispanic, 8% black, and 12% Asian. At 22-25 weeks, black infants were less likely to die than white infants (odds ratio [OR] 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.62-0.94). However, black infants born at 32-34 weeks (OR 1.64; 95% CI 1.15-2.32) or 35-36 weeks (OR 1.57; 95% CI 1.00-2.24) were more likely to die. Hispanic infants born at 35-36 weeks were less likely to die than white infants (OR 0.66; 95% CI 0.50-0.87). Racial disparities at different GAs were also detected for severe morbidities. Conclusions: The impact of race/ethnicity on mortality and severe morbidity varied across GA categories in preterm infants. Disparities persisted even after adjusting for important potential confounders.
Effect of Unshaven Hair with Absorbable Sutures and Early Postoperative Shampoo on Cranial Surgery Site Infection
Authors: Yeom Insun , Oh Won-Oak , Kim Dong-Seok , Park Eun-Kyung , Shim Kyu-Won
Published: October 2017

Background: Cranial surgical site infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitals. Preoperative hair shaving for cranial neurosurgical procedures is performed traditionally in an attempt to protect patients against complications from infections at cranial surgical sites. However, preoperative shaving of surgical incision sites using traditional surgical blades without properly washing the head after surgery can cause infections at surgical sites. Therefore, a rapid protocol in which the scalp remains unshaven and absorbable sutures are used for scalp closure with early postoperative shampooing is examined in this study. Methods: A retrospective comparative study was conducted from January 2008 to December 2012. A total of 2,641 patients who underwent unshaven cranial surgery with absorbable sutures for scalp closure were enrolled in this study. Data of 1,882 patients who underwent surgery with the traditional protocol from January 2005 to December 2007 were also analyzed for comparison. Results: Of 2,641 patients who underwent cranial surgery with the rapid protocol, all but 2 (0.07%) patients experienced satisfactory wound healing. Of 1,882 patients who underwent cranial surgery with the traditional protocol, 3 patients (0.15%) had infections. Each infection occurred at the superficial incisional surgical site. Conclusion: Unshaven cranial surgery using absorbable sutures for scalp closure with early postoperative shampooing is safe and effective in the cranial neurosurgery setting. This protocol has a positive psychological effect. It can help patients accept neurosurgical procedures and improve their self-image after the operation.
New Insight into Affectivity in Schizophrenia: from the Phenomenology of Marc Richir
Authors: Gozé Tudi , Grohmann Till , Naudin Jean , Cermolacce Michel
Published: October 2017

Background: According to Karl Jaspers, psychopathology requires a comprehensive method, understood as a systematic exploration of the first-person perspective of the patient's experience. At the same time, however, schizophrenia for Jaspers is characterized by its radical incomprehensibility. In addition, Rümke's so-called “praecox feeling” paradoxically combines the incomprehensibility of schizophrenic experience and the evidence of its pathological manifestation in the encounter. Aim: Through a re-examination of the notions of affectivity and interaffective contact we propose a coherent theoretical model to explain the clinician's paradoxical understanding of schizophrenia. Method: Phenomenological tradition regards affectivity as an encompassing phenomenon that connects body, self, world, and others. In our view, only a thorough and systematic link between corporeity and affectivity is able to explain embodied affective resonance as a basis of empathic comprehension. By drawing on the phenomenology of Marc Richir, we will systematically unfold the complex nature of affectivity and lead it back to a twofold constitution of corporeality. Conclusion: The Richirian account on affectivity can be fruitfully put into discussion with other recent phenomenological models on schizophrenia. It might be able to exhibit affectivity as the operative ground of minimal self-disturbance and thus argue for its intersubjective dimension.
Misdiagnosed Refractory Extranodal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type, Successfully Treated: A Case Report
Authors: Saavedra Ramírez José Domingo
Published: October 2017

Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKL), nasal type, is a rare, aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma for which no clear standard of care has been established, particularly in the relapsed/refractory disease setting. Because of its rarity, randomized trials are not conducted specifically on ENKL, nasal type; however, case reports and small case series can provide important insights into potential new treatments. We present a case report of a patient with ENKL, nasal type (previously misdiagnosed as relapsing chronic sinusitis), whose disease progressed during multi-agent chemotherapy but responded to second-line treatment with single-agent pralatrexate. We discuss treatment options for relapsed/refractory ENKL, nasal type, and suggest that pralatrexate be further evaluated in this clinical setting.
Demographic, Clinical and Polysomnographic Characteristics of Childhood- and Adult-Onset Sleepwalking in Adults
Authors: Bargiotas Panagiotis , Arnet Iris , Frei Michael , Baumann Christian R. , Schindler Kaspar , Bassetti Claudio L.
Published: October 2017

Background: Sleepwalking (SW) is found to affect children predominantly, but it can persist or appear de novo even among adults. In this study, we assessed the demographic, clinical and polysomnographic profile, trigger factors and associated comorbidities of adult-onset (AO-SW) and childhood-onset (CO-SW) adult sleepwalkers. Methods: In adult sleepwalkers, a structured clinical interview, a battery of questionnaires, video-polysomnography (v-PSG) and standard electroencephalography (EEG) were performed. Results: Among 63 sleepwalkers, 45% had ≥1 episodes/month, 54% had partial recall of the episodes and 36% reported trigger factors for SW. Almost all subjects reported co-occurring parasomnias. In v-PSG, 4% exhibited episodes of SW, 17% confusional arousals, 21% had an increased apnea-hypopnea-index and 6% exhibited features of an overlap parasomnia disorder. In our cohort, 73% reported CO-SW and 27% AO-SW. In subjects with AO-SW, positive family history for parasomnias was found in 33% (vs. 49% in CO-SW), neurological comorbidities in 44% (vs. 14%), psychiatric comorbidities in 25% (vs. 33%), EEG abnormalities in 50% (vs. 29%). Violence during SW episodes was more frequent in males and in subjects with CO-SW (45% for self-injury and 44% for violent behaviour vs. 33 and 29% respectively in the AO-SW group). Conclusions: Adult SW represents a complex and potentially dangerous condition. The characteristics of AO-SW often differ from those of CO-SW.
Kaempferol Alleviates Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction and Interstitial Fibrosis in Mice
Authors: Liu Yuan , Gao Lu , Guo Sen , Liu Yuzhou , Zhao Xiaoyan , Li Ran , Yan Xiaofei , Li Yunpeng , Wang Shuai , Niu Xiaoyu , Yao Liantao , Zhang Yanzhou , Li Ling , Yang Haibo
Published: October 2017

Background/Aims: Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a mechanism that promotes cardiac fibrosis induced by Angiotensin II (AngII). Kaempferol (KAE) is a monomer component mainly derived from the rhizome of Kaempferia galanga L. It shows anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-microbial and anti-cancer properties, which can be used in the treatment of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, infection, etc. But, its effects on the development of cardiac remodelling remain completely unknown. The aim of the present study was to determine whether KAE attenuates cardiac hypertrophy induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) in cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes in vitro and cardiac hypertrophy induced by AngII infusion in mice in vivo. Methods: Male wild-type mice aged 8-10 weeks with or without KAE were subjected to AngII or saline, to induce fibrosis or as a control, respectively. Morphological changes, echocardiographic parameters, histological analyses, and hypertrophic markers were also used to evaluate hypertrophy. Results: KAE prevented and reversed cardiac remodelling induced by AngII. The KAE in this model exerted no basal effects but attenuated cardiac fibrosis, hypertrophy and dysfunction induced by AngII. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that Ang II infusion or TGF-β induced EndMT can be reduced by KAE and the proliferation and activation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) can be inhibited by KAE. Conclusions: The results suggest that KAE prevents and reverses ventricular fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction, providing an experimental basis for clinical treatment on ventricular fibrosis.
Activation of ERK and Mutual Regulation of Stat3 and SP1 Contribute to Inhibition of PDK1 Expression by Atractylenolide-1 in Human Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Xiao Qian , Zheng Fang , Wu JingJing , Tang Qing , Wang Wei , Hann Swei Sunny
Published: October 2017

Background/Aims: Atractylodes macrocephula Koidz is an important ingredient in traditional Chinese herbs. One major bioactive compound, atractylenolide-1 (ATL-1), was reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. However, the underlying molecular mechanism associated to this has not been well elucidated. Methods: Cell viability and cell cycle distribution were measured using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and flow cytometry assays, respectively. Western blot analysis was performed to examine the phosphorylation and protein expression of extracellular signaling-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3), 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1) and transcription factor SP1. QRT-PCR was used to examine the mRNA levels of PDK1 gene. Exogenously expressions of Stat3, PDK1 and SP1 were carried out by transient transfection assays. PDK1 promoter activity was measured by Secrete-Pair Dual Luminescence Assay Kit. A nude mice xenograft model was used to confirm the findings in vitro. Results: We showed that ATL-1 inhibited human lung cancer cell growth and induced cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, we found that ATL-1 stimulated phosphorylation of ERK1/2, inhibited phosphorylation and protein expressions of Stat3 and SP1; the latter were abrogated in the presence of MEK/ERK inhibitor PD98059. Moreover, ATL-1 reduced the protein, mRNA expression and promoter activity of PDK1. Intriguingly, exogenously expressed Stat3 and SP1 overcame ATL-1-inhibited SP1 and Stat3, and PDK1 protein expressions, respectively. Moreover, overexpression of PDK1 resisted the ATL-1-inhibited lung cancer cell growth. In consistent with the results in vitro, ATL-1 inhibited tumor growth, protein expressions of Stat3, SP1 and PDK1, and induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in vivo. Conclusion: In summary, our results show that ATL-1 inhibits lung cancer cell growth through activation of ERK1/2, followed by suppressing SP1 protein expression. ATL-1 also reduces phosphorylation and protein levels of Stat3. These are mutual regulation between Stat3 and SP1 proteins affected by ATL-1. This ultimately suppresses PDK1 gene expression. This study reveals a novel mechanism by which ATL-1 inhibits growth of lung cancer cells. Thus, targeting PDK1 pinpoints a potential in the lung cancer treatment.
Aberrant Expression of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Indicates Potential Roles in Chronic Inflammation and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Wang Xiaoli , Chang Xiangyun , Zhang Peipei , Fan Ling , Zhou Ting , Sun Kan
Published: October 2017

Background/Aims: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as key players in several biological processes and complex diseases. The risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is determined by a combination of environmental factors and genetic susceptibility. The purpose of this study was to identify aberrant lncRNAs involved in T2D pathogenesis. Methods: Microarray analysis was performed using whole blood samples from patients newly diagnosed with T2D and healthy controls. Pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses were utilized to annotate the target genes. Coding non-coding co-expression (CNC) analysis was performed to construct a co-expression network. Results: We found 55 lncRNAs and 202 mRNAs were differentially expressed in the T2D group compared to the healthy control group. Pathway and GO analyses demonstrated that dysregulated mRNAs were mainly associated with immune regulation, inflammation, and insulin resistance, whereas CNC analysis identified 10 pairs of co-expressed lncRNA-mRNAs in our patient cohort (R > 0.99). Furthermore, expression of the top three upregulated lncRNAs in the T2D group was correlated with measures of glycometabolism (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study identified aberrantly expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in Han Chinese patients with T2D, and demonstrated that dysregulated lncRNAs may have roles in T2D pathogenesis through regulation of inflammation and insulin resistance.
IL-17 Activates the IL-6/STAT3 Signal Pathway in the Proliferation of Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Hu Zongqiang , Luo Ding , Wang Dongdong , Ma Linjie , Zhao Yingpeng , Li Li
Published: October 2017

Background/Aims: We performed this study to determine the role of IL-17 in the immune microenvironment of hepatitis B virus- (HBV-) related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: HepG2 cells were treated with IL-17, STAT3 inhibitor S31-201 or IL-6 neutralizing monoclonal antibody (IL-6 mAb). Cell proliferation and migration were compared using the Cell Counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and Transwell assays, respectively. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), Western Blot, ELISA, immunofluorescence and histological staining were used for determining the expression levels of IL-17, IL-6, MCP-1, CCL5, VEGF, STAT3 and p-STAT3. HCC xenograft models were constructed in wild type and IL-17 knockout mice to clarify the effects of IL-17 on HCC in vivo. Results: Exogenous IL-17 enhanced the proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells, and it activated the phosphorylation of STAT3. RT-qPCR and ELISA showed that IL-17 promoted the expression of IL-6. The CCK-8 and Transwell assays showed that S31-201 or IL-6 mAb remarkably reversed the promotion effects of proliferation and migration by exogenous IL-17 in HepG2 cells. Additionally, IL-6 could promote the phosphorylation of STAT3, while IL-6 mAb acted as an inhibitor, and exogenous IL-17 could neutralize the inhibitory effects of IL-6 mAb. In vivo, compared to the wild type mice, the tumor volume, weight, density and size were decreased in IL-17 knockout mice. Additionally, the expression levels of p-STAT3, IL-6, MCP-1, CCL5 and VEGF decreased in IL-17 knockout mice. Conclusions: IL-17 can enhance the proliferation of HepG2 cells in vitro and in vivo via activating the IL-6/STAT3 pathway. Therefore, the IL-17/IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway is a potential therapeutic target for HBV-related HCC.
MicroRNA-30a-5p Inhibits the Growth of Renal Cell Carcinoma by Modulating GRP78 Expression
Authors: Wang Changlin , Cai Licheng , Liu Jing , Wang Gang , Li Haoming , Wang Xiaoxiong , Xu Wanhai , Ren Minghua , Feng Li , Liu Pinghuang , Zhang Cheng
Published: October 2017

Background/Aims: MiR-30a-5p, a member of the microRNA-30 family (miR-30), is known to function as a tumor suppressor in several different cancers. However, the expression levels, biological function, and underlying mechanisms of miR-30a-5p in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remain unclear. Glucose-regulated protein78 (GRP78) is a common cancer biomarker and promotes the growth and survival of cancer cells. The expression of GRP78 has been reported to be modulated by miR-30a in neurons. In this study, the expression profile of miR-30a-5p in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and its effect on ccRCC through regulating GRP78 expression was investigated. Methods: MiR-30a-5p expression was analyzed using bioinformatic software on open microarray datasets from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) in ccRCC cell lines. Cell proliferation was investigated using CCK-8 and cell count assays. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, luciferase reporter assays, and flow cytometry were employed to investigate the mechanisms of the effect of miR-30a-5p on ccRCC Results: MiR-30a-5p was down-regulated in ccRCC and related to the clinicopathological factors and prognosis of ccRCC. MiR-30a-5p was found to both suppress the growth of ccRCC cells and promote apoptosis of ccRCC cells in vitro. GRP78 was the direct target gene of miR-30a-5p, and the GRP78 expression was inversely correlated with the expression of miR-30a-5p in vivo and in vitro. The functional studies of GRP78 overexpression or knockdown demonstrated that GRP78 promoted proliferation and anti-apoptosis of ccRCC cells, and the oncogenic activity of GRP78 resulting in by miR-30a-5p overexpression. Conclusion: MiR-30a-5p is a bona fide negative regulator of GRP78 expression, and the anti-tumor activity of miR-30a-5p in ccRCC is due at least in part to down-regulating GRP78 expression and modulating the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. Thus, miR-30-GRP78 interaction provides a novel therapeutic candidate target in ccRCC treatment.
Mir-144-3p Promotes Cell Proliferation, Metastasis, Sunitinib Resistance in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma by Downregulating ARID1A
Authors: Xiao Wen , Lou Ning , Ruan Hailong , Bao Lin , Xiong Zhiyong , Yuan Changfei , Tong Junwei , Xu Guanghua , Zhou Yali , Qu Yan , Hu Wenjun , Gao Yaoying , Ru Zeyuan , Liu Lei , Xiao Haibing , Chen Ke , Yang Hongmei , Zhang Xiaoping
Published: October 2017

Background/Aims: We previously performed microRNA (miRNA) microarray to identify effective indicators of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tissue samples and preoperative/postoperative plasma in which we identified miR-144-3p as an oncomiRNA. However, the molecular mechanism of miR-144-3p remains unclear. This study aims to explore the roles of miR-144-3p in the invasion, migration and Sunitinib-resistance in ccRCC and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Gain and loss of function approaches were used to investigate the cell proliferation, cycle distribution, clonogenicity, migration, invasion, chemosensitivity of miR-144-3p in vitro. The xenograft model was used to assess the effects of miR-144-3p overexpression on tumorigenesis. Bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay were used to indentify AT-rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A) as a direct target gene of miR-144-3p. Quantitative RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining were used to explore ARID1A expression level of the mRNA and protein. Results: We found that miR-144-3p overexpression enhanced cell proliferation, clonogenicity, migration, invasion, and chemoresistance in ccRCC cells. Notably, the oncotumor activities of miR-144-3p were mediated by repressing the expression of ARID1A. The downregulation of ARIDIA could promote the function of miR-144-3p in cell proliferation, metastasis and chemoresistance. Consistently, ARID1A mRNA and protein levels were decreased in ccRCC and in nude mice, and they negatively correlated with miR-144-3p. Conclusion: Higher miR-144-3p may enhance malignancy and resistance to Sunitinib in ccRCC by targeting ARID1A, the observations may uncover novel strategies of ccRCC treatment.
Diosgenin, an Activator of 1,25D3-MARRS Receptor/ERp57, Attenuates the Effects of TNF-α by Causing ADAM10-Dependent Ectodomain Shedding of TNF Receptor 1
Authors: Yang Won Seok , Moon Soo Young , Lee Mee Jeong , Lee Eun Kyoung , Park Su-Kil
Published: October 2017

Background/Aims: We investigated how diosgenin, a steroidal sapogenin, has anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) effects in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Methods: Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) was assessed by Western blot analysis. Intracellular Ca2+ was measured using Fluo-4 AM. Immunofluorescence staining was performed for a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10). Results: Diosgenin (1 ∼ 100 nM) induced ectodomain shedding of TNFR1 within 30 min and attenuated TNF-α-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression. Upon treatment with diosgenin, extracellular Ca2+ entered into the cells via L-type calcium channels, whereas diosgenin-induced ectodomain shedding of TNFR1 was almost completely inhibited by BAPTA-AM (intracellular Ca2+ chelator), verapamil (L-type calcium channel antagonist) and the absence of extracellular Ca2+. Diosgenin caused translocation of ADAM10 to the cell surface, which was mediated by extracellular Ca2+ influx. Depletion of ADAM10 prevented diosgenin-induced ectodomain shedding of TNFR1 and abolished the inhibitory effect of diosgenin on TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression. Diosgenin did not induce extracellular Ca2+ influx and ectodomain shedding of TNFR1 in cells depleted of 1,25D3-membrane associated rapid response steroid-binding receptor (1,25D3-MARRS receptor/ERp57). Conclusion: Diosgenin elicits L-type calcium channel-mediated extracellular Ca2+ influx, and thereby induces ADAM10-mediated ectodomain shedding of TNFR1. This effect of diosgenin was exerted through 1,25D3-MARRS receptor/ERp57.
An Overlooked Potentially Treatable Disorder: Idiopathic Mesenteric Panniculitis
Authors: Sahin Abdurrahman , Artas Hakan , Eroglu Yesim , Tunc Nurettin , Demirel Ulvi , Bahcecioglu Ibrahim Halil , Yalniz Mehmet
Published: October 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of mesenteric panniculitis (MP) and to describe its clinical characteristics, therapy, and outcome. Subjects and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out among patients with MP based on computed tomography (CT) scans from January 2012 to December 2015. The CT images were reanalyzed by study radiologists to confirm the previous MP diagnosis. Patients were divided into 2 groups, i.e., idiopathic and secondary, based on the presence or absence of associated predisposing factors such as trauma, malignancy, autoimmune disorders, ischemia, or previous abdominal surgery. The clinical characteristics of the 2 groups, as well as treatments, were assessed. Results: Among the 19,869 CT scans, 36 patients (0.18%) with MP were identified (i.e., 19 [53%] females and 17 [47%] males). The median age was 54 years (range 26 - 76). Twenty-four patients (67%) were categorized into the idiopathic group. Malignancy was the predisposing factor in 8 (22%) of those patients. Furthermore, abdominal pain was the cardinal symptom observed in 22 patients (92%) in the idiopathic group. In the idiopathic group, 15 patients (63%) were treated with antibiotics and 16 (67%) were treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). One unresponsive patient was treated with colchicine. Symptomatic relief was achieved in all of the treated patients. Conclusion: In this study, a symptomatic idiopathic subgroup of patients with MP did not have any associated disorder. The response to treatment with antibiotics and NSAID was effective in most of the patients. Based on these findings, anti-inflammatory treatments beyond NSAID and surgery should be reserved for patients who are unresponsive to antibiotics and NSAID.
Floristic diversity of the Indian Cardamom Research Institute campus, Myladumpara, Western Ghats, India
Authors: Balan Anoop P. , Harikrishnan S.
Published: October 2017

A study on the flora of Indian Cardamom Research Institute campus, Myladumpara was carried out during 2012–2015 and a total of 515 taxa were collected during this study. The indigenous or naturalized flora is represented by 392 taxa in 303 genera under 94 families. Dicotyledonous plants dominate with 335 species in 251 genera under 80 families. Monocotyledons are represented by 57 species in 52 genera under 14 families. Among the families, Fabaceae dominates with 29 species followed by Asteraceae (27 spp.) and Euphorbiaceae (22 spp.) and 40 families are represented by single species each. During the study 68 species that are considered as endemic to the Western Ghats could be collected.
Range extension of the Indian Tortoiseshell Aglais caschmirensis aesis (Fruhstorfer, 1912) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) into the hills of Manipur, India
Authors: Irungbam Jatishwor Singh , Huidrom Harmenn , Soibam Baleshwor Singh
Published: October 2017

The present paper reports the extension of the known range of the Indian Tortoiseshell Aglais cashmirensis aesis Fruhstorfer 1912 from Manipur.
Mammals of Papikonda Hills, northern Eastern Ghats, India
Authors: Aditya Vikram , Ganesh Thyagarajan
Published: October 2017

Papikonda National Park covering an area of 1,012km2 holds high conservation value as the only national park in the geographically vast northern Eastern Ghats.  The tropical moist deciduous forests support species assemblages characteristic of the Eastern Ghats. We conducted the first comprehensive assessment of the mammal diversity in Papikonda National Park using camera traps, sign surveys and community interviews between October 2014 and March 2015, combined with a comprehensive literature review of research articles, field guides and IUCN species range reports.  A total of 55 species from 46 genera belonging to 24 families were enumerated.  There was a high diversity of carnivores (15 species), followed by chiropterans (13 species) and rodents (11 species).
Observation of Shaheen Falcon Falco peregrinus peregrinator (Aves: Falconiformes: Falconidae) in the Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Samson Arockianathan , Ramakrishnan Balasundaram , Santhoshkumar Palanisamy , Karthick Sivaraj
Published: October 2017

A total of 45 sightings of 57 individual Shaheen Falcons were recorded from 2014–2016 from different locations in the Nilgiris mountain range, and eight nests were located on separate rocky cliffs.  Most of the nests (n= 6) were situated at elevations ranging from 1500–2500 m and 45% of the nests were located on the north facing exposures.
Pollination ecology of Rhynchosia cana (Willd.) DC. (Fabaceae), an erect sub-shrub, in peninsular India
Authors: Raju A.J. Solomon , Ramana K. Venkata
Published: October 2017

Rhynchosia cana is a perennial erect sub-shrub.  It flowers during November-January with peak flowering in December.  The flowers are hermaphroditic, nectariferous, self-compatible and display explosive pollination mechanism adapted for pollination by bees.  They do not fruit through autonomous selfing, but rather through manipulated selfing, geitonogamy and xenogamy mediated principally by bees and occasionally by lycaenid butterflies.  In the localities of this herb, weeds such as Hyptis suaveolens (Lamiaceae) and Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae) show luxuriant growth and flower simultaneously, and their intense flowering and high flower density ensures that most flower-visiting insects visit their flowers. In this situation only two bee species, Nomia and Anthidium exhibited fidelity to R. cana flowers.  Un-tripped flowers fall off while tripped ones set fruit.  In open-pollinations, fruit set was 81% and seed set was 54%.  Seed dispersal occurs by explosive pod dehiscence.  Perennial root stock resurrects back to life and restarts its reproductive cycle during the rainy season.  Seeds also germinate at the same time but their continued growth is subject to the availability of soil moisture content.  This study suggests that R. cana is unable to compete with the co-flowering weed species for pollinators, and also has regeneration constraints due to nutrient-deficient rocky habitats with prolific growth of weeds.
The relationship between artificial food supply and natural food selection in two troops of commensal Hamadryas Baboons Papio hamadryas (Mammalia: Primates: Cercopithecidae) in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Boug Ahmed , Islam M. Zafar-ul , Iwamoto Toshitaka , Mori Akio , Yamane Akihiro , Schreier Amy L.
Published: October 2017

The Hamadryas Baboon is the only nonhuman primate to inhabit the Arabian Peninsula.  In Saudi Arabia, Hamadryas Baboons are known to rely on both human and natural plant foods.  We examined the relationship between artificial food supply and natural food selection in two commensal hamadryas troops in different habitats in Saudi Arabia.  Alhada had richer vegetation, while the Dam Site featured ground vegetation heavily damaged by overgrazing.  The baboons’ diets, including dependency on artificial foods, reflected the status of the natural habitat.  The availability of fresh vegetation following significant rainfalls at both sites reduced the Baboons’ dependence on artificial foods. In the richer habitat, rainfall was significantly correlated with natural diet diversity and time spent feeding on natural foods.  Both troops spent more time feeding during periods of high provisioning of artificial food, and the percentage of feeding on natural foods decreased when provisioning was high.  The baboons fed on natural foods throughout the year despite the availability of human foods.  We suggest the need for a nutritionally balanced diet has kept the baboons from becoming completely dependent on human foods.  Effectively preserving natural vegetation should enable commensal baboons to spend more time feeding on natural foods, thereby reducing human-wildlife conflict.
Feasibility study on the vegetative propagation of four endemic rare balsams (Impatiens spp.) through stem cuttings for conservation and management in Idukki District, Kerala, India
Authors: Prasad G. , Rajan P. , Bhavadas N.
Published: October 2017

Ex situ conservation by vegetative propagation was successfully established in the endemic rare balsam species Impatiens anaimudica, I. elegans, I. disotis and I. phoenicea of the Western Ghats.  The experiment was done in an open environmental nursery at Munnar exposed to constant temperature (7–24 0C) and relative humidity (70–100 %) throughout the study period.  These favourable conditions provided a suitable platform for the establishment.  We observed a significant difference in the regeneration patterns of the four species.  I. elegans started to regenerate after the 10th day of planting with high success, while I. disotis showed a 30% success rate.  After maturation all species were transplanted to natural ecosystems.
Illustrated description and notes on biology of Dicranocephalus lateralis (Signoret) (Coreoidea: Stenocephalidae) from Maharashtra State, India
Authors: Sarode Balasaheb V. , Joshi Nikhil U. , Boyane Swapnil S. , Gaikwad Subodh S. , Pansare Pratik P. , Ghate Hemant V.
Published: October 2017

Dicranocephalus lateralis (Signoret), 1879, a bug from the family Stenocephalidae, is briefly redescribed with colour and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) illustrations of general morphology, including details of male and female genitalia, metathoracic scent gland (MTG), exoskeletal male abdominal glands, eggs and nymphal stages.  The status of other species of this genus in India is also discussed.  This will be the first well-illustrated account of the morphology and life cycle of this bug from India.
A first report of Redigobius oyensi (de Beaufort, 1913) (Teleostei: Gobionellinae) from Car Nicobar Island, India
Authors: Praveenraj J. , Kiruba-Sankar R. , Kumar Lohith , Angel J. Raymond Jani , Roy S. Dam
Published: October 2017

Redigobius oyensi (de Beaufort, 1913), a freshwater Data Deficient goby, is reported for the first time from Car Nicobar Island, Andaman & Nicobar archipelago. A short note on its habitat and co-occurring species are discussed in this study.
Coronary Artery Ectasia Predicts Future Cardiac Events in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Doi Takahito , Kataoka Yu , Noguchi Teruo , Shibata Tatsuhiro , Nakashima Takahiro , Kawakami Shoji , Nakao Kazuhiro , Fujino Masashi , Nagai Toshiyuki , Kanaya Tomoaki , Tahara Yoshio , Asaumi Yasuhide , Tsuda Etsuko , Nakai Michikazu , Nishimura Kunihiro , Anzai Toshihisa , Kusano Kengo , Shimokawa Hiroaki , Goto Yoichi , Yasuda Satoshi
Published: October 2017

Objective—

Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is an infrequently observed vascular phenotype characterized by abnormal vessel dilatation and disturbed coronary flow, which potentially promote thrombogenicity and inflammatory reactions. However, whether or not CAE influences cardiovascular outcomes remains unknown.

Approach and Results—

We investigated major adverse cardiac events (MACE; defined as cardiac death and nonfatal myocardial infarction [MI]) in 1698 patients with acute MI. The occurrence of MACE was compared in patients with and without CAE. CAE was identified in 3.0% of study subjects. During the 49-month observation period, CAE was associated with 3.25-, 2.71-, and 4.92-fold greater likelihoods of experiencing MACE (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.88–5.66;
P
<0.001), cardiac death (95% CI, 1.37–5.37;
P
=0.004), and nonfatal MI (95% CI, 2.20–11.0;
P
<0.001), respectively. These cardiac risks of CAE were consistently observed in a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model (MACE: hazard ratio, 4.94; 95% CI, 2.36–10.4;
P
<0.001) and in a propensity score–matched cohort (MACE: hazard ratio, 8.98; 95% CI, 1.14–71.0;
P
=0.03). Despite having a higher risk of CAE-related cardiac events, patients with CAE receiving anticoagulation therapy who achieved an optimal percent time in target therapeutic range, defined as ≥60%, did not experience the occurrence of MACE (
P
=0.03 versus patients with percent time in target therapeutic range <60% or without anticoagulation therapy).

Conclusions—

The presence of CAE predicted future cardiac events in patients with acute MI. Our findings suggest that acute MI patients with CAE are a high-risk subset who might benefit from a pharmacological approach to controlling the coagulation cascade.