bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Self-perceived Impact of COVID-19 Human Mobility Restrictions on Armenian Students Aged 14-18
Authors: Poghosyan Garik
Published: July 2021

The present article showcases the self-perceived impacts of COVID-19-related human mobility restrictions on the Armenian youth aged 14 to 18. Rather than attempting to discuss policies or theories or concentrate on certain areas of the fabric of human society, such as human rights, economy, health care, this case study makes a bold attempt to illuminate the reader about the condition and self-perceived effects of the crisis on a specific age group in the context of COVID-restricted mobility and ensuing challenges (education, social life, including sports and extracurricular activities, emotional well-being) in a given country, something that has been prevailingly, if not completely, ignored even in those research projects that have addressed the COVID-19-related human mobility limitations for specific groups of people (migrants, the displaced, women, etc.). Thus, the author has attempted to lay the groundwork for further case studies as well as comparative research investigating the human mobility dimension of the COVID-19 crisis for adolescents or various age groups with an emphasis on the effects of reduced or restricted mobility on the intellectual, athletic, social or cultural life of those affected by them. Overall, the participants displayed the whole gamut of both negative and positive experiences and gave varied responses.

Keywords: human mobility, COVID-19, students aged 14-18
Implementation of Professional Learning Communities (PLCs) (Differences Between Saudi Arabia and the USA)
Authors: Wood Jo Nell , Alshammari Abdulmajeed K.
Published: July 2021

Professional Learning Community (PLC) for teachers is one of the trending ways on improving students’ achievement. This article aims at investigating the implementation level of Professional Learning Community (PLC) in the schools of the United States of America and Saudi Arabia, as perceived by teachers. Also, the article evaluates whether there are significant differences on the implementation level based on country, gender, and years of experience. Participants of the study were public school teachers from both countries. To attain the purpose of the study, the descriptive approach was used. Using Means and Standard Deviation (SD), the findings reveal that the level of implementation of PLC in Saudi Arabia was higher compared to the USA. However, by using the T-test and ANOVA, it was revealed that there were no statistically significant differences in the implementation level based on country, gender, and years of experience. Recommendations and suggestions were provided for implementation improvement and future studies.

Keywords: Professional Learning Community (PLC), teachers’ professional development, school improvement
Effect of Drama Technique on Achievement in English Reading Comprehension of Junior Secondary School Students
Authors: Law Oluseun F.
Published: July 2021

The study examined the effect of drama technique on achievement in English reading comprehension of junior secondary school students. This study adopted the pre-test – post-test quasi-experimental design. The population of the study comprised all junior secondary school students in Ijebu-North local government, Ogun state. Two junior secondary schools were randomly selected for the purpose of the study. The students in the two schools were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The instrument used for data collection was the Reading Comprehension Achievement Test which has a reliability coefficient of 0.72. The experiment lasted for six weeks. The data were analyzed by Analysis of Co-Variance (ANCOVA) at a 0.05 level of significance. The results show a significant main effect of drama technique and gender on students’ achievement in reading comprehension. The results further show a significant interaction effect of drama technique and gender on students’ achievement in reading comprehension. The study recommends that teachers should adopt the use of drama techniques in teaching comprehension.

Keywords: drama technique, reading comprehension, achievement in reading
Diversity Management and Cultural Competency of Teacher Candidates in Blacksea Region of Turkey
Authors: Güngör Tuba Aydın , Çakır Çiğdem
Published: July 2021

Ever since the world has been dealing with the problem called Covid-19, everything around us has had to change. This epidemic has affected our lives in many ways and has set us completely new roles and tasks on many things, and education which is one of the most important things among them had been changed. Indeed, the transformation of education had already begun with the improvement of transportation and telecommunication conditions and being able to receive education online in different countries or via the internet has brought new concepts to the academic world. Cultural competence, one of them, is shaped by identity and traditions, thus cultural diversity is the main factor in determining the characteristics of this concept. Meanwhile, the ones who realize the acculturation of the society, the people who created this concept, are the teachers who direct the society in both academic and cultural dimensions. As a result, teachers need to learn to manage diversity to be able to cope with the differences in their classrooms, as they encounter many different cultural characteristics. For this reason, in this study, it is considered worth investigating what kind of dimensions pre-service teachers can have regarding the management of diversity and cultural competencies. The of the research consists of 1073 teacher candidates studying in Artvin Coruh University. The aim of this research was to reveal the diversity management skills and cultural competence levels of education faculty students. In order to reach more in-depth information on what management of diversity and cultural competencies is, the study started with a literature review. Then, Diversity Management Scale (DMS) and Cultural Competence Scale (CCS) were applied to Artvin Çoruh University, in the Black Sea region of Turkey, to faculty of education students (teacher candidates). After the regression analysis of the data for the management of diversity scale, two dimensions have been found which are managerial practices and managerial approaches. Moreover, for the cultural competencies scale, three dimensions were found which are cultural knowledge, cultural sensitivity, and cultural skills. Lastly, a significant relationship was found between Diversity Management and Cultural Competence of the teacher candidates, and cultural competence was found to be a meaningful predictor of diversity management of teacher candidates.

Keywords: diversity, culture, cultural competence, diversity management, teachers
Perpustakaan Desa Terhadap Minat Baca Lingkungan Desa Muara Bakti, Kabupaten Bekasi
Authors: Sari Pratiwi Nila , Husadha Cahyadi , Haryanto Raden Achmad , Andrian Andrian , Prasetyo Ery Teguh , Istianingsih Istianingsih
Published: July 2021

Community Service Activities (PkM) here aim to provide education, knowledge, information and understanding to the wider community. Especially for elementary school students who live in Muara Bakti Village, Bekasi Regency, to foster interest in reading, reading habits, and stretching to read actively through the Village Library. The activity method used in implementing PKM activities here is to provide counseling to the Muara Bakti 01 Babelan-Bekasi State Elementary School, to explain the importance of fostering reading interest, reading habits, and stretching to read diligently. This of course aims to improve class achievement. This activity involves lecturers and students from various faculties in the Bhayangkara University Jakarta Raya environment.

 

Keywords: Habits, Libraries, Reading Interest, Stretching

 

Abstrak

 

Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) disini bertujuan untuk memberikan edukasi, pengetahuan, informasi, dan pemahaman kepada masyarakat luas. Terutama bagi siswa dan siswi sekolah dasar yang berdomisili di Desa Muara Bakti Kabupaten Bekasi untuk menumbuhkan minat baca, kebiasaan membaca, dan geliat untuk giat membaca melalui Perpustakaan Desa. Metode kegiatan yang dipergunakan dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan PKM disini adalah dengan melakukan penyuluhan ke sekolah Dasar (SD) Negeri Muara Bakti 01 Babelan-Bekasi, untuk menjelaskan tentang pentingnya menumbuhkan minat baca, kebiasaan membaca, dan geliat untuk rajin membaca. Hal ini tentunya bertujuan agar dapat meningkatkan prestasi di kelas. Adapun Kegiatan ini melibatkan para dosen dan mahasiswa dari berbagai fakultas di lingkungan Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya.

 

Kata kunci: Kebiasaan, Perpustakaan, Minat-Baca, Geliat
Pelatihan Komputer Untuk Meningkatkan Ketrampilan dan Motivasi Belajar Anak – Anak Yatim di Rumah Yatim Bekasi
Authors: Noorfikri Adi Wibowo , Narpati Bintang , Bukhari Eri , Nursal M Fadhli
Published: July 2021

Abstract

 

The purpose of this Community Service Activity (PKM) is to provide introduction and computer training to orphans at the Bekasi Orphanage. Participants in this training are orphans from Junior High School (SMP) to Senior High School (SMA) level. This Community Service Activity (PKM) is a continuation of the previous PKM activities, namely the first is Simple Bookkeeping Training and Socialization on Introduction to Savings, and the next is Handicraft Training which is held at Rumah Yatim Bekasi. The method used in this training is theory and practice which is guided by a team of lecturers from the Faculty of Economics, University of Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya, and learners are given a module book as guide material in computer training. Through this activity, students can find out and understand about computers, especially Microsoft Office, to help with school work and other tasks in daily activities. The result of this training is that students understand the role of computers and the use of Microsoft Office and are motivated to complete tasks using computers.

 

Keywords: Computer Training, Skills and Learning Motivation.

 

Abstrak

 

Tujuan dari Kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat (PKM) ini adalah untuk memberikan pengenalan dan pelatihan komputer kepada anak – anak yatim di Rumah Yatim Bekasi. Peserta pelatihan ini adalah anak – anak yatim dari Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) sampai dengan tingkat Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA). Kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) ini merupakan kelanjutan dari kegiatan PKM sebelumnya yaitu yang pertama adalah Pelatihan Pembukuan Sederhana dan Sosialisasi Pengenalan Tabungan dan yang berikutnya adalah Pelatihan Kerajinan Tangan yang diselenggarakan di Rumah Yatim Bekasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam pelatihan ini adalah teori dan praktek yang dipandu oleh tim dosen dari Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya dan pada pelatihan ini para peserta didik diberikan buku modul sebagai bahan panduan dalam pelatihan komputer. Melalui kegiatan ini, peserta didik dapat mengetahui dan memahami mengenai komputer khususnya Microsoft Office untuk membantu tugas sekolah maupun tugas lainnya dalam aktivitas sehari-hari. Hasil dari pelatihan ini adalah peserta didik lebih memahami peran dari komputer dan penggunaan Microsoft Office dan termotivasi untuk menyelesaikan tugas menggunakan komputer.

 

Kata kunci: Pelatihan Komputer, Ketrampilan dan Motivasi Belajar
Optimalisasi Penggunaan Website Kabupaten Pandeglang untuk Penyebaran Informasi Publik
Authors: Isnainiyah Ika Nurlaili , Ernawati Iin
Published: July 2021

Abstract

 

The application of ICT to support government activities is known as e-government. The website is one of the technologies that has an important role in government institutions to facilitate digital relations between government and society. The implementation of the website acts as an information portal and supports policies regarding public information disclosure. This community service activity with the theme of optimizing digital content was carried out in the Smart Room at the Pandeglang Regency Diskomsantik office and was attended by employees who manage the Pandeglang Regency official website. This activity applies training and evaluation methods to sample case analysis. The results of the training activities showed an increase in knowledge of 24% related to case studies on website content.

 

Keywords: E-Government, Government, Optimalization, Public Information, Website

 

Abstrak

 

Penerapan TIK untuk mendukung berbagai kegiatan pemerintahan dikenal dengan e-government. Situs web adalah bentuk teknologi yang memiliki peran penting dalam institusi pemerintahan untuk memfasilitasi hubungan pemerintah dengan masyarakat yang dilakukan secara digital. Penerapan website juga berperan sebagai sarana portal informasi dan mendukung kebijakan mengenai keterbukaan informasi publik. Pelaksanaan PkM ini telah diselenggarakan di Ruang Pintar, Diskomsantik Kabupaten Pandeglang dan ditujukan kepada pengelola website resmi Pemerintah Kabupaten Pandeglang mengenai tema optimalisasi konten. Metode pelaksanaan dilakukan dengan pelatihan dan hasil evaluasi terhadap analisa kasus. Hasil kegiatan pelatihan menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan sebesar 24% berkaitan dengan studi kasus pada konten situs web.

 

Kata kunci: E-Government, Pemerintah, Optimalisasi, Informasi Public, Website
MASP Methodology as an effective tool for improving organizational processes
Authors: Oliveira Betuel Cardoso de , Pinto Fabiana Rocha , Souza Mauro Cezar Aparício de , Alencar David Barbosa de
Published: July 2021

The objective of this work is to demonstrate the methodology and analysis of problem solving and its effectiveness for the improvement of the organizational processes proposing that the method can be applied in any sector of the market and not exclusively in the industries. This will be done through the use of search for articles related to the topic addressed in different sectors of the market and a comparative table showing the results after the implementation of the method. The Masp steps will consist of 8 phases that are related to the 4 steps of the PDCA cycle, which are: problem identification, observation, analysis, action plan, action, verification, standardization and conclusion. For the development of the research, the bibliographic source was used with the use of articles and books to understand the topic applied in general and specifically based on recent case study articles to evaluate its effectiveness and flexibility.
Game Changer
Authors: Parra Gerby , Tan Emily
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused such an unprecedented disturbance to the world, particularly on the economy, and caused significant disruption to the education ecosystem. It has affected school organizations and forced school leaders to adopt alternative ways of learning. The transition to online education posed many challenges in engaging students to participate actively, and one of the solutions is for teachers to create better digital lessons using gamification elements. But despite the prevalence of technology, educators lack the knowledge and skills to captivate students' interest to participate actively in online learning. At present, there is a dearth of studies on the application of gamification to teachers' online lessons during the COVID-19 pandemic. Educators must capitalize on new engaging technological trends as a form of techno-structural OD intervention to complement their pedagogies, teaching processes and encourage students' online participation. This concept paper highlights the benefits of applying gamification to education, particularly on how teachers can utilize game elements in creating, managing, and updating digitalized lessons to motivate students amidst the pandemic. The paper also explores fostering a healthy culture for students' heightened level of motivation, increased acquisition of knowledge, and learning new skills.  It encourages schools to adopt the appropriate type of gamification and suggests future researchers on the various types and elements of gamification that can be adapted by selected schools.
Project-Based Learning
Authors: Oliveira Júlia , Panontim Leonardo , Fonseca Vitor Hugo , Gonçalves Pedro , Napoleão Diovana , Alcântara Marco
Published: July 2021

One of the problems that concerns engineering courses in Brazil is the students low level of motivation in regarding the type of teaching and, as a consequence, low academic performance. This article encourages the introduction of active methods in Engineering teaching, emphasizing the methodologies of Project Based Learning. The approach used was proposing a project for students to analyze important aspects in the production of cylindrical cans. The students applied calculus concepts and developed a model for the optimal dimensions of the cylinder and the utilization of the plates used. Characteristics of two materials used in the manufacture of these cans (tinplate and aluminum) were also gotten. Such aspects are relevant for both environmental sustainability and production costs. Concepts of application of derivatives and Fermat's theorem were used, learned in the discipline of Differential and Integral Calculus, in order to obtain the maximum and minimum values of an established function which relates the dimensions of the can and the amount of material needed. The dimensions obtained theoretically proved to be close to the real values found in cans available on the market. After analyzing the resistance to corrosion, the cost, the decomposition time and the mechanical resistance, it was concluded that the most appropriate material for the production of cans was the tinplate. In this context, teaching with Project Based Learning methodologies may contribute to innovative teaching practices in the training of engineering professionals, overcoming the limitations of traditional teaching methods.
Work Ability Assessment in Nursing Workers
Authors: Pereira Camila Santos , Bonito Rosuita Frattari , Antunes Douglas Eulálio
Published: July 2021

Objective: To identify the nursing staff of a university hospital's work ability index and point out which factors interfere in the quality of the work of these workers. Method: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical survey, quantitative, composed of 54 nursing professionals from the medical clinic ward sector of a large hospital in Uberlândia (Minas Gerais, Brazil). Data collection is performed using two tools: sociodemographic questionnaire and Work Ability Index (WAI). The G-Test by Williams was applied to assess the significant association between sociodemographic and occupational variables and those related to the work ability index. It was used the BioEstat® version 5.3 program to perform all analyzes with a significance level of 0.05 (5%). Results: The research showed that nursing professionals had a predominance of good workability (40,7%), the prevalence of young adults, the highest percentage between 31-40 years, 81,5% are women, 50% are in a marital relationship, 63% are open to public tender, and they had no back injuries. It was also found that the only professionals who had a low work capacity were nursing technicians, corresponding to 5,6% of the total percentage. Conclusion: It is known that a hospital environment is a place that favors the illness process of nursing workers. The worker who owns and maintains adequate physical and mental health can perform his duties better and have a better capacity for work, therefore taking better care of the patient.
An Insight About the Drug Release Mechanisms from Different Dosage Forms
Authors: Shahid Hafsa , Ahmed Ayesha , Ashraf Ammarah , Rashid Nida , Rehman Mubashir
Published: July 2021

A process in which drug comes out from drug product and exposed to ADME and finally become accessible for pharmacological activity is known as drug release and mechanism involves the study of its rate and factors influencing its rate. Factors influencing the rate of drug release are drug related, polymer related and formulation variables. Drug delivery systems are discriminated on the basis of way drug is delivered, which are immediate release and modified release. Parenteral dosage forms are the most prominent among different dosage forms. The mechanisms involved in drug release are diffusion and dissolution-controlled processes. Nasal disposal basically depends on the particle size, its geometry and rate of airflow. Nasal sprays are commonly used than powders and gels. Buccal and sublingual systems show more effective drug release mechanisms than oral and transdermal systems. Main focus of paper is to elaborate different mechanisms performed by drug delivery systems for drug release.
A Review of Parenteral Administration of Testing Substance in Rabbit and Mice
Authors: Ashraf Muhammad Shehzeb , Rehman Iqra , Shahnaz Gul
Published: July 2021

There are many publications that deal with administration of test substances to animals and removal of blood samples for different objectives. Parenteral route of drug administration includes further different routes i.e., drug administration through muscles (IM route) through veins (IV route) and through subcutaneous route. We can manage to check the outcomes of test substances within minutes when we go for IV route as in this route drug directly go to systemic circulation. Different experimental animals are utilized to check the possible outcomes of test substances that include Rabbit, mice, and rat. Various factors like dose strength, dose frequency and the meaning by which drug can be administered to animal can be examined. The emphasis on drug safety should be the main priority while injecting drug substances. Animal ethics guidelines should be followed in this regard. AEG basically provides us safety guidelines which should be followed for safety handling.
A Literature Review of the Physicochemical, Physiological and Pharmaceutical Considerations in GIT Absorption of Drugs.
Authors: Mazhar Rabia , Qaise Fariah , Zahra Sana Ali , Fatima Syeda Komal , Khan Imran
Published: July 2021

Oral route of drug administration is the most common among all routes and hence their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors are substantial to study. Among such factors, GIT absorption is the key factor in new drug development affecting the efficacy as well as safety of the drug. Different protocols have now been developed for the usage of in vitro also the in vivo as well as in situ methods in drug absorption determination. In this article, different mechanisms like passive diffusion, pore transport, ionic-mediated transport, endocytosis and other mechanisms involved in drug absorption will be explained. Moreover, different factors i.e. physico-chemical, pharmaceutical and physiological factors that affect drug absorption have been summarized as they play a significant role in the research studies for new drug development. Different absorption determining methods are also discussed.
Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery: A Mini Review
Authors: Khan Muhammad Saadullah , Shahid Farwa , Shahid Arooj , Shahnaz Gul
Published: July 2021

There are a very large number of drugs that enter in the clinical trial phase but only a fraction of them is able to get their place in market. For a drug to reach at a phase of clinical trial requires a huge effort of research and a very large investment. Translational medicine, a relatively new discipline, uses the novel techniques that not only lower the risk of investment failure, but also focuses on reducing the testing duration in different phases of clinical trials. Discussed in the article are advantages of translational medicines and various challenges faced by translational medicine as well the ways by which this discipline will face these challenges. This article also focuses on recent advances in therapeutic development for diabetes, bone disorders, neurosciences, and oncology and the failures of translational medicine due to high external risk factors.
A Comprehensive Insights of the Multiple Dose Regimen
Authors: Ayub Ayesha , Abid ul Haq  , Rehman Mubashar
Published: July 2021

A multiple dose regimen is a concept that is used for certain diseases as arthritis, heart diseases etc. It is used to increase the therapeutic activity and clinical efficacy of the drugs. Drugs are usually used in single doses to produce acute effect but in cases where chronic affect is required multiple dosage regimen is required. Designing the dosage regimen and maintaining the drug concentration in blood plasma after administration are the primary goals to achieve safety and efficacy. That is to maintain drug concentration in therapeutic window. Moreover, the IV infusion and continuous IV diffusion is reviewed.
Fragment-Based Approach towards the Design of Potent and Versatile Anti-Cancer Agents
Authors: Zahra Sana Ali , Imran Ayesha , Khalid Faiza , Rehman Mubashir
Published: July 2021

Despite years of clinical research and trials of encouraging new therapies, cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The fragment-based drug discovery has evolved formerly as an efficient approach for identification, optimization, and generation of lead. After identifying the fragments having binding affinity with the target using computational method for fragment screening, they are optimized into more active compounds. This review elaborates the application of methodology of fragment-based drug design in designing potent and versatile anti-cancer drug candidates. It comprises of details such as construction of fragment library and screening, principles of library design, fragment hit identification, fragment to lead optimization, deconstruction and reconstruction approach, unified fragment based QSAR technique, phytochemical and pharmacophoric fragment based drug development and FBDD based targeting of epigenetic regulators in cancer. The agents discussed include STAT-3 inhibitor, vemurafenib, pazopanib, TAS-116 HSP-90 α/β inhibitor, pexidartinib, venetoclax and erdafitinib, FBDD based designed Anticancer Agents.
Conventional and Novel Treatment Strategies to Combat COVID-19 along with Review of most Affected Countries
Authors: Umair-Ul-Hassan  , Khan Rana Muhammad Awais , Shafiq-Ur-Rehman  , Khan Amjad
Published: July 2021

This review illustrates a comparison of currently implemented strategies and the need of a novel technique to cure the COVID-19. Current strategies served a lot to cope up with the situation by decreasing the rate of fatalities i.e. some FDA approved drugs and giving immunity by the plasma proteins of cured patients, however these approaches could not eliminate the pandemic from the society emphasizing that some advance technology need to be considered in order to fight with SARS-COV-2 virus. CRISPR-Cas based approach to inactivate the virus before its fusion with host DNA has been successful in in-vitro studies performed at Stanford University along with SHERLOCK & MAMMOTH biosciences who were able to degrade 80 % viral genome. Here we have also done a literature review of major affected countries China, Italy, United states, and India.
Approaches of Prodrug Designing to Treat Cancer, Neurodegenerative Disorders and Viral Diseases
Authors: Ashraf Muhammad Shehzeb , Rehman Iqra , Fatima Urooj , Rehman Mubashar
Published: July 2021

Classical prodrug design is a sweeping approach to throw away futile side effects related to drug therapy. The main purpose of prodrug designing is to ameliorate physicochemical, pharmaceutical, and pharmacokinetic characteristics of particular compounds to resolve issues like formulation, delivery to the target site, and toxicity limitations. To fabricate the pharmacological action in CNS, drugs must cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Therefore, prodrug strategies are designed which include lipidization and the use of carriers and transporters. In this article, we have reviewed different anticancer, neuroprotective, and antiviral prodrugs. Flurbiprofen prodrugs, glycosylated prodrugs, resveratrol prodrugs, levodopa, etc., are mapped out for neurodegenerative disorders in CNS. Due to the poor oral pharmacokinetic properties of antiviral agents, drug design methods are performed by combining the parent drug molecule with a number of active components such as dipeptide esters, amino acids, nucleosides, and macromolecular-based prodrugs.
Organ Specific Toxicity of Single and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: A Review
Authors: Kiani Maria Hassan , Batool Ayesha , Khurshid Maheen , Kanwal Memoona , Ahmed Naveed
Published: July 2021

Carbon nanotubes are one of the most widely investigated carbon structures because of variety of physicochemical features offered by them. Their dimensions, surface chemistry and functionalization opportunities make them exceptional carrier for targeted drug delivery gene therapy, diagnosis and cell imaging. Both single and multi-walled CNTs have been functionalized for therapeutic applications. However, these structures have been associated with potential in vitro and in vivo cytotoxic effects. Such toxicities have been described to involve both cellular and subcellular mechanisms. Major organs that have shown significant CNTs related toxic effects include lungs, brain, heart, kidney, liver and skin. This review focuses on the potential toxicological effects of single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes and functionalization on these organs and associated mechanisms of toxicity
Prostate Cancer: Review based on Pathogenesis and Advancements in Treatment Strategies of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Shahnaz Gul , Rehman Iqra , Ashraf Muhammad Shahzeb
Published: July 2021

The frequency of prostate cancer varies worldwide. Western people are more prone to this disease. Genetic changes and inflammation are the two most common causes of pathogenesis of prostate carcinoma. Genes taking part in progression of prostate cancer including GSTP1, RNASEL, PTEN/MXi1, AR gene pathway including PI3/AKT also leads to prostate cancer. Besides genes, inflammation, elevated VEGF, diet, environmental changes, and alteration in the androgen receptor are predisposing aspect for prostate cancer. The development of science and technology had led to astonishing modifications in treatment strategies. It is a slow-growing tumor and confined to the prostate only. The key objective of treatment is to reduce the level of testosterone. Different approaches are employed for treatment including hormonal therapy, cryosurgery, anti-tumor medication, and receptor-based treatment in which androgen receptors are major targets. The latest treatment of prostate cancer includes nanoparticle targeted delivery of antiandrogens.
A Bird's Eye of the Situation of Poliomyelitis in World: Past, Present and Future Strategies towards Polio Eradication from Pakistan
Authors: Tariq Tooba , Ahsan Maham , Rehman Mubashar , Wazir Neelum , Khan Tanveer Ahmed
Published: July 2021

Humanity has faced numerous calamities, natural disasters, and even the outbreaks of numerous communicable diseases since the dawn of time, and poliomyelitis is one of these diseases. The first cases of the disease occurred in the 1940s, alerting the health authorities and experts to create a vaccine to improve children's immunity to the virus. Since then, polio workers all across the globe are trying their best to create awareness about the importance of polio vaccination which is especially needed in the tribal areas of Pakistan because the people living there are mostly backward and illiterate who do not vaccinate their children due to safety concerns as well as religious and general misbeliefs about the vaccine. The focus of these campaigns is to make sure that every child in Pakistan and Afghanistan is properly vaccinated to stop the transmission of the virus by the year 2022.
An Overview on the Ongoing Clinical Trials of COVID-19 Vaccines
Authors: Fatima Syeda Komal , Rasool Ameena Tur , Sabir Ayesha , Shahnaz Gul
Published: July 2021

COVID-19 has posed a great threat to mankind, there is a dire need to introduce a vaccine to combat this global pandemic. Several vaccines are underway to complete their phase 3 clinical trials. This article highlights events surrounding the ongoing clinical trials of vaccines effective against COVID-19, and different procedures and formalities the vaccine will have to endure to get EUA. Clinical trials are discussed stepwise along with the clinical endpoint desired at the end of these trials. In line with antimicrobial resistance, vaccine resistance has also emerged in this era and needs focused consideration, and the probability of development of resistance in these vaccines is discussed. This article specifically covers the latest research reporting clinical efficacy, safety profile, and adverse events following the administration of doses to patients and concerns regarding the rushed approval of vaccines. Four vaccines have been discussed in detail; BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, Sputnik V, ChAdOx1.
Reprezentacija smrti u proznom opusu Frana Galovića
Authors: Tkalec Gordana , Sviličić Nikša , Kolar Mario
Published: July 2021

U radu je analiziran prozni opus Frana Galovića koji obiluje prizorima smrti i ostalim motivima povezanima s njom. Prikazi smrti predstavljeni su kronološki prema godini nastanka djela, ali i grupirani i objašnjeni prema stilskim odrednicama. Galović neprekidno mijenja i modificira svoj stav o smrti, a osobito u kasnijim radovima zanima ga i problem onoga što dolazi poslije smrti. Sve to rezultira vrtlogom samoubojstava, danse macabre-a, fascinacije smrću i rušenjem svih barijera te, po nekim istraživačima, njegovim ponajboljim djelima, ali i povezanošću s biografskim elementima. Prikaz smrti i sa smrću povezanih fenomena u manje istraživanom području Galovićeve proze nametnuo nam se stoga kao potreban način tumačenja ovoga pisca.
Kazališne teme talijanskoga dramskog glumišta kroz riječki talijanski tisak 1900. – 1914.
Authors: Miškulin Dolores
Published: July 2021

Rijeka je zbog svog položaja i povijesnih zbivanja oduvijek bila mjesto dodira i ispreplitanja različitih tradicija, kultura i jezika. U razdoblju od početka dvadesetoga stoljeća, pa do Prvoga svjetskog rata u toj je multikulturalnoj i višejezičnoj sredini postojala bogata tiskarska tradicija, tako da se u navedenom razdoblju tiskalo čak 13 periodičnih publikacija na četiri jezika koja su tada bila u uporabi (hrvatskome, talijanskome, njemačkome i mađarskome), a na daskama njenih dvaju kazališta igrale su se kazališne predstave na četiri jezika. U navedenom razdoblju u Rijeci je gostovalo pedesetak talijanskih glumačkih družina s više od 950 dramskih predstava, što je za duhovna strujanja unutar njenog urbanog kulturnog života od posebnog značaja. Te su gostujuće glumačke družine ujedno odigrale značajnu ulogu u kazališnome razvitku kao poveznice s europskim kazališnim životom i šire, s tadašnjom kulturom u srednjoeuropskim razmjerima. Slijedom takvog razvoja situacije i sama se Rijeka našla u središtu civilizacijskog međudjelovanja različitih kulturnih tradicija, te je odigrala vrlo značajnu ulogu i kao posrednik između tadašnjeg hrvatskog, talijanskog, mađarskog i njemačkog kulturnog kruga.Vrijedna svjedočanstva o tome nalaze se u tadašnjem riječkom tisku talijanskog govornog izraza koji do sada nije bio dovoljno istražen. Želeći svojim skromnim prilogom doprinijeti cjelovitijoj slici riječkog kazališnog života toga doba i riječkog kulturnog identiteta, koristili smo napise iz pet riječkih talijanskih periodičnih publikacija (La Voce del Popolo, Il Popolo, La Bilancia, La Difesa i La Giovine Fiume) kao izvornu dokumentaciju za analizu kazališnih tema vezanih uz talijanski segment riječkog dramskog glumišta. Namjera nam je bila da kroz književno - kritičku analizu kazališnih osvrta i kritike u dostupnim periodičnim publikacijama oslikamo stanje riječkog talijanskog dramskog glumišta kao značajnog čimbenika unutar riječkoga kulturnog identiteta, te doprinesemo njegovoj prepoznatljivosti u međunarodnom kontekstu.
(Auto)biografska subverzija Oriane Fallaci u romanu Jedan čovjek (Un uomo)
Authors: Kovačević Astrid
Published: July 2021

Odupiranje Oriane Fallaci svakom obliku edipskog totalitarizma i hegemonije, kao i odustajanje od etabliranih žanrovskih konvencija, rezultira atipičnim žanrovskim entitetima s izraženim psihološkim otiskom autorice (Porzio). Takvi, formalno neodređeni, tekstovi prate program tzv. antiedipske estetike (Irigaray), unutar koje predvidljivost i cjelovitost, jedinstvo i totalitet, red i sustavnost ustupaju mjesto spontanosti i fragmentiranosti, varijabilnosti i mnogostrukosti, preklapanju i preplitanju. Aricò naglašava da je u Fallacinu slučaju došlo do formalnoga kreativnog nereda, do gotovo potpune fuzije stvarnosti i fikcije, nejasnog prijelaza pisane i izgovorene riječi, do preklapanja ekstradijegetskih i intradijegetskih razina, odnosno do uspostave čvrste semantičko-sintaktičke veze između autora i pripovjedača (167).Takva neuniformirana tekstualna struktura rezultat je nepostojanja univerzalnog i sveznajućeg, superiornog i nadređenog, autorskog sebstva izvan granica tekstualnog. Fallacina lingvistička kreativnost suprotstavlja se faličkom hijerarhijskom sustavu, koji podrazumijeva unaprijed izgrađen autorski identitet. Priklanjajući se poststrukturalističkoj metodologiji, koja autora i pripovjedača čini rezultatima retoričkih strategija, odnosno čini tekst nadređenim i povlaštenim pojmom (Cavarero), te odbacujući kanonski metodološki pristup (Aricò 171–173), izgovarajući, no istodobno i osluškujući tekst (Derrida, The Ear of the Other, 13), autorica subjekt pretvara u objekt, tekst u „verbalnu projekciju vlastitog sebstva” (Aricò 587).Fallacina autorska i pripovjedačka subverzija tekstualno pretvara u vokalno (Spinazzola), biografsko u autobiografsko (Rosa 77–80), stvarnost u fikciju (Aricò 167). Na tragu francuskog poststrukturalizma, Fallaci odustaje od afirmacije autorskog subjekta kao svemoćnog ekstradijegetskog identiteta, distanciranog od vlastitog teksta. Prema njezinu mišljenju, autorski je subjekt retorički konstrukt, uspostavljen hermeneutičkim procesima, trenucima u kojima subjekt teksta i subjekt čitanja zamjenjuju svoja mjesta (Aricò 172). Odustajanje od unaprijed izgrađene autorske osobnosti ukazuje na proces pisanja kao na proces rekonstrukcije vlastitog bića (Gusdorf 10). Putem pisanja, umetanja krhotina i fragmenata jezične stvarnosti, omogućava se (re)konstrukcija autorskog subjekta i njegovo/njezino pozicioniranje u odnosu na stvarnost koju opisuje (Cavarero; Battersby). Prema Cavarero, ovakve diskurzivne metode odraz su utjecaja ženskog i ženstvenog, a rezultirat će beskonačnim procesom jezične semioze (100–101). Fallacini tekstovi, nabijeni snažnim vokalnim pečatom postaju tako zrcalni prostor unutar kojeg se autoričino sebstvo mise en abîme efektom reflektira i umnožava, prostor performativnih jezičnih strategija (Finci 119).
Performance Testing of Hot Mix Asphalt Modified with Recycled Waste Plastic
Authors: Saadeh Shadi , Katawał Pritam
Published: July 2021

Plastic pollution has become one of the major concerns in the world. Plastic waste is not biodegradable, which makes it difficult to manage waste plastic pollution. Recycling and reusing waste plastic is an effective way to manage plastic pollution. Because of the huge quantity of waste plastic released into the world, industries requiring a large amount of material, like the pavement industry, can reuse some of this mammoth volume of waste plastics. Similarly, the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has also become common practice to ensure sustainability. The use of recycled waste plastics and RAP in HMA mix can save material costs and conserve many pavement industries’ resources. To successfully modify HMA with RAP and waste plastic, the modified HMA should exhibit similar or better performance compared to conventional HMA. In this study, recycled waste plastic, linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), and RAP were added to conventional HMA, separately and together. The mechanical properties of conventional and modified HMA were examined and compared. The fatigue cracking resistance was measured with the IDEAL Cracking (IDEAL CT) test, and the Hamburg Wheel Tracking (HWT) test was conducted to investigate the rutting resistance of compacted HMA samples. The IDEAL CT test results showed that the cracking resistance was similar across plastic modified HMA and conventional HMA containing virgin aggregates. However, when 20% RAP aggregates were used in the HMA mix, the fatigue cracking resistance was found to be significantly lower in plastic modified HMA compared to conventional HMA. The rutting resistance from the HWT test at 20,000 passes was found to be similar in all conventional and modified HMA.
Optimizing Nutritional Status in Patients Undergoing Radical Cystectomy: A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Alam Syed M. , Michel Carrie , Robertson Hilary , Camargo Juliana T. , Linares Brenda , Holzbeierlein Jeffrey , Hamilton-Reeves Jill M.
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND:

Nutrition is a modifiable risk factor for patients undergoing multimodal oncologic interventions and plays a major supportive role in the setting of bladder cancer. For patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC), malnutrition is associated with increased postoperative complications and mortality.

OBJECTIVES:

The purpose of this scoping review is to characterize the role of nutritional interventions for patients undergoing RC for bladder cancer.

METHODS:

A multi-database systematic scoping review based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines was performed. Search terms were developed a priori to identify clinical trials that focused on nutritional interventions for patients with bladder cancer undergoing RC. Eligible articles were original research articles or abstracts from clinical trials evaluating nutritional interventions in adult patients undergoing RC. Articles were excluded if they did not focus on a nutritional intervention, if patients did not carry a diagnosis of bladder cancer, or if RC was not performed. Articles were reviewed independently by the authors, and inclusion/exclusion were based on consensus agreement.

RESULTS:

A total of 83 articles were identified, of which 17 were included in the final analysis. A total of 49 articles were excluded during abstract screening. An additional 17 articles were excluded based on the review of full-text articles. Results of the scoping review suggest that data on the use of nutritional screening, assessment, and intervention for patients undergoing RC are scarce. Although parenteral nutrition (PN) appears to be associated with greater complications after RC, early introduction of food postoperatively or feeding enterally offers benefit and immunonutrition supplements with a focus on a high protein diet have the potential to better optimize surgical outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS:

Although the prevalence and consequences of malnutrition among patients undergoing RC are well-established, there are limited data evaluating the use of nutritional screening, assessment, and interventions for this population. The pursuit of future clinical trials in this space is critical.
Penentuan Aspek Lokasi dan Analisis Kelayakan Investasi Pendirian Rumah Sakit Kelas C di Kabupaten Cirebon
Authors: Idaman Northa , Anita Lella , Fasa Muhammad Iqbal
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis beberapa alternatif lokasi kecamatan di Kabupaten Cirebon yang akan dipilih sebagai lokasi pendirian rumah sakit kelas C.  Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif.  Pendekatan kualitatif dilakukan untuk mendeskripsikan kondisi di lapangan, sedangkan pendekatan kuantitatif dilakukan melalui uji kepakaran dengan metode pembobotan dan peratingan terhadap alternatif lokasi kecamatan, yaitu Palimanan, Plumbon dan Karangsembung. Hasil peneltian menunjukkan bahwa stakeholders kunci, yaitu Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Cirebon merekomendasikan pembangunan rumah sakit di wilayah timur Kabupaten Cirebon.  Hasil analisis kepakaran menunjukkan bahwa Kecamatan Karangsembung merupakan lokasi yang tepat untuk dibangun rumah sakit kelas C.
KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIS SISWA KELAS XI BERDASARKAN MATH ANXIETY
Authors: Hella Jusra Windy Safitri,
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tentang kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa berdasarkan math anxiety siswa. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI SMA di Jakarta dengan jumlah 66 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah angket Math Anxiety dan tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis. Penelitian ini  merupakan penelitian deskriptif statistik dengan teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah korelasi bivariate pearson dan deskripsi data. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa siswa yang memiliki tingkat math anxiety tinggi maka kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa rendah. Sebaliknya, siswa yang memiliki tingkat math anxiety rendah maka kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa tinggi.Kata Kunci: Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis, Math Anxiety
FETOMATERNAL OUTCOME IN PREGNANCY WITH CARDIAC DISEASE
Authors: Bafna Kalyani K , Nakum Kanaklata , Vithal Aditi
Published: July 2021

Objective(S): Cardiac disease is an important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in both antepartum as well as in postpartum period. Incidence of heart disease with pregnancy is <1%. Aim of this study is to determine maternal complications with heart disease, mode of delivery & fetal complications.

Materials & Methodology: This is a retrospective study conducted at Gopinath Maternity Home, Sir-T Hospital, Bhavnagar. From May 2020- April 2021. All pregnant women with various cardiac disease (previously established or diagnosed during pregnancy) who came to labor room or OPD are included.

Result: 30 pregnant women out of 2683 deliveries were identified with cardiac disease giving prevalence of 1.12% in this study. 15(50%) women belonging to NYHA class-1 & 8(26.6%) belonged to NYHA class 2. Class 3(3 patients =10%) & class 4(4patients= 13.3%) were admitted immediately. 18(60%) women were case of valvular heart disease, out of which 12(66.6%) cases were of RHD, 2(11.1%) were MS, 3(16.6%) AS, 1(5.5%) MR. 10(33.33%) cases were congenital heart disease. Maternal mortality were 4(13.33%). Out of 30 cases, 18(69.2%) women had LSCS, 6(23.07%) had vaginal delivery,2(7.7%) had vaccum & 3(10.3%) had abortion. Out of 26 deliveries 2(7.7%) were IUFD, 6(23.07%) Preterm, 7(26.9%) IUGR. Total there were 9(37.5%) NICU admissions.

Conclusion: Prognosis of pregnancy with heart disease has improved but management of it is still a challenge for obstetricians. Pre-conceptional counseling plays an important role by benefiting women with severe heart disease and thus help in reducing maternal morbidity and mortality.

Keywords:  cardiac disease, maternal outcome, fetal outcome