bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of pelvic floor muscle training on urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy: An umbrella review of meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Yang Jia-ming , Ye Hua , Long Yi , Zhu Qiang , Huang Hui , Xie Hui-yong , Luo Yun , Zhong Yan-biao , Chen Jing , Wang Mao-yuan
Published: October 2022

Objective

To analyse the specific exercise effects of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with or without biofeedback or electrical stimulation on urinary incontinence rehabilitation after radical prostatectomy.

Data sources

We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science and Scopus databases for systematic reviews and meta-analyses on PFMT for urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy from inception to 3 October 2022.

Review methods

Two authors independently extracted key data from the included studies. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the A Measure Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews-2 checklist. Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation was used to evaluate the quality of the outcomes.

Results

A total of 18 studies with 29,925 patients were included, all of which were of critically low methodological quality. Biofeedback therapy seemed to show additional benefits compared to PFMT alone; however, the adjunctive role of electrical stimulation remained more controversial due to the lack of strong evidence. Preoperative PFMT sometimes, but not always, showed the potential to improve urinary incontinence. PFMT with the guidance of a therapist could bring some benefits to the patient and was more acceptable to the patient, but consumed some medical resources.

Conclusions

PFMT has a good effect on improving post-radical prostatectomy incontinence in men, and biofeedback can have an additional beneficial effect on patients, especially in the short-term and medium-term. However, there is insufficient evidence to suggest that electrical stimulation is beneficial for patients with urinary incontinence.
Myofascial release for the treatment of pain and dysfunction in patients with chronic mechanical neck pain: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Guo Yaorui , Lv Xiuying , Zhou Yu , Li Zhijun , She Huiping , Bai Li , Bao Jing
Published: October 2022

Objective

To explore the effects of myofascial release (MFR) on pain and dysfunction in individuals with chronic mechanical neck pain (MNP).

Data sources

PubMed, Embase, Medline, Wiley Online Library, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP, WanFang Data, and the Cochrane Library were searched until 12 September 2022.

Review methods

This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022302485). Methodological quality was assessed using Cochrane risk of bias assessment, and the quality of the evidence followed the GRADE recommendation. The outcomes pain, cervical mobility (Flexion, Extension, Rotation, lateral flexion), trapezius and suboccipital pressure pain thresholds (PPT), neck disability index (NDI), and adverse effects were extracted.

Results

After screening of 346 studies, 13 studies and 601 participants met the inclusion criteria. All studies were of moderate methodological quality. Compared with the control group, the participants in the MFR group showed significantly greater improvements trapezius PPT SMD 0.41 (95% CI 0.11–0.72), suboccipital PPT SMD 0.47 (95% CI 0.21–0.72), respectively. The differences were not significant to support the MFR treatment on pain, flexion, extension, rotation, lateral flexion angle, and NDI. None of the studies reported any adverse events.

Conclusion

This systematic review suggests that MFR is an effective treatment for the improvement of PPT of trapezius and suboccipital muscle in patients with chronic MNP. However, there is low to moderate evidence and may change over time.
Comparing Different Deep Learning Architectures as Vision-Based Multi-Label Classifiers for Identification of Multiple Distresses on Asphalt Pavement
Authors: Espindola Aline Calheiros , Rahman Mujib , Mathavan Senthan , Júnior Ernesto Ferreira Nobre
Published: October 2022

Distress measurement is essential in pavement management. Image-based distress identification is increasingly becoming an integral part of traffic speed network-level road condition surveys. This allows an aggregated summary of road conditions over the whole network, so it does not require an exact distress location within the lane. In this context, multi-label classification (MLC), based on convolutional neural networks (CNN), is proposed as a potential solution for distress identification from a network-level right-of-way (ROW) video survey. MLC has the advantage of low computing resource consumption, as it is implemented from lightweight classification networks. In this work, the developed MLC models used three different CNN architectures (VGG16, ResNet-34, and ResNet-50) to detect potholes, cracks, patches, and bleeding. The best model obtained 97% average accuracy with an F1-score of 93% in distress identification despite the variability in imaging hardware. This makes it possible to generalize the classification algorithm, allowing versatile applications and incorporating it into network-level pavement management systems. This model has good potential for fast and accurate distress identification from a video survey, avoiding the need for various types of expensive sensors like laser scanners.
“It Hits Me Right Here at my Heart”: Promoting Emotional Health of Home Care Workers
Authors: Janssen Leah M. , Abbott Katherine M.
Published: October 2022

Demand for home and community-based services continues to outpace employment of home care workers (HCWs) who provide this vital assistance. HCWs face challenges that contribute to inadequate staff retention. Of particular concern is the lack of research on HCWs’ emotional health. This research describes facilitators and resources that support HCW emotional health. Qualitative descriptive interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of HCWs ( n = 17) who were formally recognized for their success. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded in Dedoose. Thematic analysis revealed three facilitators of emotional health that HCWs link to their professional success: “right state of mind,” practicing self-care, and a combined sense of appreciation and support. HCWs highlight specific, practicable resources that promote their emotional health. Policy implications connects low wages and benefits to HCW emotional health, and practice implications for enhancing training and support to retain these important workers.
Time to Upgrade Our Tools: Integrating Urban Data Science into Economic Development Research and Curriculum
Authors: Fang Li , Green Jamaal , Ye Xinyue , Shi Wei
Published: October 2022

Urban data science (UDS) is developing rapidly and starting to be widely adopted in urban planning research and curricula. However, economic development planners have been relatively slow in introducing UDS into their toolkits. This reality is a disservice to the subfield and students. This article discusses the motivation and current practices of UDS in economic development, identifies successes and challenges, and suggests actions moving forward. Professional training, curriculum innovation, and support from departments, institutions, and the broader academic and professional communities are called for.
More than a Confessional Mo(ve)ment? #MeToo's Pedagogical Tensions
Authors: Jubas Kaela
Published: October 2022

In this article, I explore the pedagogical function of #MeToo, highlighting what it might teach about gender-based mistreatment and mainstreamed feminism. I begin by reviewing linkages between adult education and social movements, then trace the development of #MeToo, drawing on both media and scholarly texts. Next, I apply the concepts of feminist snap and neoliberal feminism, layered on top of Foucault's thoughts on confession, to examine how #MeToo has been shaped by the newer phenomena of neoliberalism and social media, and the older phenomena of feminism and social inequities. The role of confession in social ideals of the feminine, feminist activism, and neoliberalism becomes a steady consideration. My analysis illuminates tensions in globalized feminist activism, and possibly other types of equity-seeking movements, and the adult learning and education that it fosters.
Specifications and feasibility of technology-based self-management of COPD: An exploratory qualitative study with patients and providers
Authors: Abidi Samina , Rickards Tracey
Published: October 2022

This article outlines the findings of a study that looked at the self-management needs of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients and the feasibility of an eHealth intervention. This study found that patient self-monitoring is sub-optimal. Patients want the technology to include record keeping, feedback, the integration of biomedical and environmental data, exacerbation detection, and the ability to connect with providers. Health leaders could benefit from this information by working with their suppliers to eliminate system and technology barriers, and ensuring that technology is interactive, personalized and easy to use.
COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: Disadvantaged Groups’ Experience with Perceived Barriers, Cues to Action, and Attitudes
Authors: Coman Ioana A , Xu Shan , Yamamoto Masahiro
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Drawing from the Health Belief Model, we explored how disadvantaged groups in the U.S., including Black, Hispanic, less educated and wealthy individuals, experienced perceived barriers and cues to action in the context of the COVID-19 vaccination.

Design

A cross-sectional survey administered in March 2021.

Setting

USA

Subjects

A national sample of U.S. residents (n = 795) recruited from Prolific.

Measures

Perceived barriers (clinical, access, trust, religion/spiritual), cues to action (authorities, social circles), attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination.

Analysis

Factor analysis and Structural Equation Model (SEM) were performed in STATA 16.

Results

Black and less educated individuals experienced higher clinical barriers (CI [.012, .33]; CI [.027, .10]), trust barriers (CI [.49, .92]; CI [.057, .16]), and religious/spiritual barriers (CI [.28, .66]; CI [.026, .11]). Hispanics experienced lower levels of clinical barriers (CI [-.42, .0001]). Clinical, trust, and religious/spiritual barriers were negatively related to attitudes toward vaccination (CI [-.45, −.15]; CI [-.79, −.51]; CI [-.43, −.13]). Black and less educated individuals experienced fewer cues to action by authority (CI [-.47, −.083]; CI [-.093, −.002]) and social ties (CI [-.75, −.33]; CI [-.18, −.080]). Lower-income individuals experienced fewer cues to action by social ties (CI [-.097, −.032]). Cues from social ties were positively associated with vaccination attitudes (CI [.065, .26]).

Conclusion

Communication should be personalized to address perceived barriers disadvantaged groups differentially experience and use sources who exert influences on these groups.
Disparities in 6 Month Exclusive Breastfeeding in Ghana, Africa: A Scoping Review
Authors: Gyamfi Adwoa , Jefferson Urmeka T. , O’Neill Barbara , Lucas Ruth , Spatz Diane Lynn , Henderson Wendy A.
Published: October 2022

Background:

Exclusive breastfeeding practice for 6 months is a critical global public health goal. In 2020, only 44% of infants globally, 31% in Central and West Africa, and 43% in Ghana, were exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life.

Research Aim:

To critically evaluate disparities in exclusive breastfeeding practice for 6 months in Ghana.

Methods:

The scoping review was guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) six-stage scoping review process. The online databases of American Psychological Association PsychInfo (APA PsychInfo), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, and Scopus were searched with keywords inclusive of Ghana, exclusive breastfeeding, breastfeeding, infant feeding, lactation, lactating, and exclusive. Eligibility criteria included full-text, peer-reviewed research articles written in the English language without limitation to specific years. Data were analyzed thematically.

Results:

Initially, 317 records were identified, and 15 full-text articles were eligible for the scoping review. Four main themes emerged as disparities in exclusive breastfeeding practice in Ghana. The themes were healthcare (prenatal clinic visits, delivery place, exclusive breastfeeding knowledge), personal (maternal age, Human Immunodeficiency Virus status, parity, type of delivery, breast problem), employment (unemployed, formal, or informal sector worker), and sociocultural (ethnicity/region, family support, religious beliefs, cultural practices).

Conclusion:

Disparities in exclusive breastfeeding in Ghana warrant the collaborative efforts of stakeholders for successful mitigation. Future researchers should explore the role of religion and sociocultural practices to protect, promote, and support 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding in Ghana.
OSL chronological evidence reveals one of the earliest island-type Neolithic sites in the coastal area of South China
Authors: Qiu Junjie , Jin Jianhui , Wang Xiaoyang , Wei Changfu , Zuo Xinxin , Wei Junjie
Published: October 2022

Many prehistoric sites are preserved in the southeast China coastal area; however, it is still unclear when ancient human activity occurred owing to a lack of chronological evidence, which is unfavourable for research on the coupling of prehistoric man-earth relationships. In this study, we present an optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) chronology analysis of two profiles (T1 and T4) collected from the Neolithic Jianhu (JH) site on Haitan Island, South China. The single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) protocol for coarse silt (38–63 μm) quartz was used to determine the equivalent dose (De). The results showed that the OSL technology is reliable and of great value for archaeochronology in coastal aeolian regions. The results suggest that the JH site is one of the earliest Neolithic sites in the coastal area of Fujian. The ages of cultural layers with ancient human activities at the JH site varied from 7.4 ± 1.13 to 5.77 ± 0.35 ka, thereby making the JH site the earliest Neolithic site in the coastal area of Fujian. The sand-tempered pottery unearthed from the JH site can be used as direct evidence of ancient human survival, and its age is 6.33 ± 0.21 ka with a high precision, which presents the earliest OSL data on pottery in South China. We also discuss the regional environmental background of ancient human activity. The Keqiutou culture corresponds to a period of relatively high sea level and a superior natural environment on Haitan Island. The sea retreat 5.7 ka ago was a crucial factor driving prehistoric human migration to the Fuzhou Basin and Taiwan Island.
From Anthropology to Artistic Practice: How Bricolage Has Been Used in the Twentieth Century as an Ideal Model of Engagement with the World
Authors: Kini-Singh Amita
Published: October 2022

The aim of this article is to return to the concept of bricolage as theorized in 1962 by the French anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss and examine its presence and utility in the art and architectural history of the twentieth century. While Lévi-Strauss was the first theorist to present bricolage as an analogy for the creation of mythical thought among indigenous cultures, the concept has seen a wide range of conceptual, methodological and practical applications across different fields, including design, visual arts, urban planning and the built environment. This article will examine the applicability of bricolage as a technical metaphor for the creative process and its relevance to artistic creation by tracing its trajectory over the course of the twentieth century. It will evaluate the significance of objects and events of ‘everyday life’ in the creative practices of contemporary artists, and draw attention to the emerging role of the architect as bricoleur or improviser, to conclude that it was the art of the ‘ordinary’ that gave creative inspiration to twentieth-century artists and architects to engage with the materiality and past experiences of the world.
Trends in Using Antibiotics in the Era of National Health Insurance in the City of Manado
Authors: Prayitno Lukman , Yuniar Yuyun
Published: October 2022

Introduction:

Antibiotic use needs to be monitored. Its irrational use causes resistance. Research aims to determine trends in antibiotic use.

Methods:

Observational research with retrospective data collection. Cross-sectional research design. Data about the availability of antibiotics from 2014 to 2017 in hospitals, health offices and PHCs in the city of Manado.

Results:

Trends of antibiotics used in PHC and health office in 2014–2017 were betalactam, macrolide, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and quinolone groups. Trends in secondary hospital were betalactam, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and quinolone groups. Trends in tertiary hospital are betalactam, quinolones, and other groups.

Conclusion:

Based on the data of five major antibiotics use in Manado City, there was a change in the pattern of antibiotic use, and this pattern tended to increase.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Profitability Performance of Leading ICT Enterprises
Authors: Sierotowicz Tomasz
Published: October 2022

The common conclusion presented in a large number of scientific publications is that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a substantial negative impact on human health and businesses. The main aim of this article is to present the results of research on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on leading ICT enterprises’ financial performance. The research covered the three leading ICT enterprises: International Business Machines (IBM), Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. (Samsung) and Canon Kabushiki Kaisha (Canon). The research covered the 15-year period from 2007 to 2021, which included the pandemic period of 2020–2021. This allowed for the evaluation of the dynamic rate of change over time and more precise comparison of the changes in the financial performance indicators during the pandemic period. The main conclusions are that despite significant restrictions, lockdowns and many infections, the COVID-19 pandemic has had no significant impact on the financial performance of the enterprises studied in the research. The research provides new knowledge about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on leading companies in the ICT industry. Further research on the impact of this pandemic may reveal details about more factors that influenced the business activities in other sectors of the economy.
Exploring Poverty-tourism Nexus in South Asian Countries: A Panel Dynamic Estimation
Authors: Shah Imtiyaz Ahmad , Haq Imtiyaz ul , Shah Ab Waheed
Published: October 2022

Using the time series from World Bank (1995–2019), the present article explores the relationship between tourism inflow and poverty alleviation (per capita household consumption) within the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) region. The article employs three alternative approaches of PARDL, namely pooled mean group (PMG), mean group (MG) and dynamic fixed effects (DFE) estimators. In addition, two substitute single-equation models, namely dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), are employed to estimate the long-run relationship between poverty alleviation, tourism inflow and other control variables. The results suggest that tourism inflow met the a priori expectation—positively influencing poverty alleviation within SAARC countries in the long run. Furthermore, poverty is reduced by increasing per capita income and output in the industry sector. Poverty can worsen due to an increase in the total trade of member countries. In addition, the findings indicate the insignificant impact of the agricultural sector on poverty alleviation and the unanimous effect of the service sector on poverty. Based on these findings present article frames various policy implications.
Treatment Considerations and Pharmacist Collaborative Care in Diabetic Ketoacidosis Management
Authors: Algarni Alanood
Published: October 2022

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a medical emergency caused by the lack of insulin. Metabolic acidosis, hyperglycemia, and ketoacidosis are its defining features. Insulin deficiency can cause DKA either in the presence or absence of a triggering event causing a chain of pathophysiological changes. Normalizing volume status, hyperglycemia, electrolytes, and ketoacidosis are the objectives of DKA treatment. While hospital pharmacists are involved in managing DKA, community or ambulatory care pharmacists can help to prevent DKA. Depending on the particular field of practice, a pharmacist’s engagement in DKA may involve a number of factors. Inpatient pharmacists are in a good position to help with the acute care of DKA. Because they can recognize patients who are at risk for DKA due to factors including medication nonadherence or insulin pump failure, pharmacists in the community or ambulatory-care environment play a crucial role in its prevention. When a patient finds it challenging to navigate prescription plan coverage or a lack of coverage, community pharmacists can help them obtain insulin. Regardless of the professional environment, patient education is essential. Every pharmacist has the ability to give DKA patients thorough medication education that emphasizes the value of adhering to their drug schedule, addresses any obstacles that may occur, and teaches patients how to correctly monitor their blood glucose levels. Studies showed that pharmacists’ medication counseling and treatment monitoring could improve adherence to insulin medication. The aim of this review is to provide evidence that pharmacists can contribute to optimizing medication adherence and decrease the incidence of DKA.
Unmet Needs and Perceived Challenges in Early Intervention for Psychosis: A Qualitative Study of Three Groups of Stakeholders
Authors: Cohen Mayan , Roe David , Baumel Amit
Published: October 2022

NAVIGATE is a coordinated specialty care program for people who have experienced first-episode psychosis. The current study aims to explore the unmet needs of NAVIGATE stakeholders for the purpose of guiding the optimization of the program. Data from 24 semistructured interviews with NAVIGATE clients, family caregivers, and practitioners were conducted and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Clients expressed needs for emotional support between sessions and for peer support. Family caregivers expressed needs for guidance between sessions, better access to information, peer support, and updates regarding clients’ recovery. All stakeholders reported challenges working with the program’s manual. In addition, four general challenges related to the aftermath of a first-episode psychosis were identified. Exploring ways to better address these unmet needs may improve treatment satisfaction and outcome.
Anticipated emotions associated with trust in autonomous vehicles
Authors: Avetisian Lilit , Ayoub Jackie , Zhou Feng
Published: October 2022

Trust in automation has been mainly studied in the cognitive perspective, though some researchers have shown that trust is also influenced by emotion. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the relationships between emotions and trust. In this study, we explored the pattern of 19 anticipated emotions associated with two levels of trust (i.e., low vs. high levels of trust) elicited from two levels of autonomous vehicles (AVs) performance (i.e., failure and non-failure) from 105 participants from Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT). Trust was assessed at three layers i.e., dispositional, initial learned, and situational trust. The study was designed to measure how emotions are affected with low and high levels of trust. Situational trust was significantly correlated with emotions that a high level of trust significantly improved participants’ positive emotions, and vice versa. We also identified the underlying factors of emotions associated with situational trust. Our results offered important implications on anticipated emotions associated with trust in AVs.
Predicting Decision-Making Competence using Reward Distributions
Authors: Kim Keum Joo , Santos Eugene
Published: October 2022

Inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) is a useful tool for building autonomous agents capable of making decisions by learning from the behavioral records of human decision-makers. Incorporating individual differences into multi-agent systems can be key to solving complex problems that are difficult or impossible for an individual agent or a monolithic system to solve. In this paper, we propose a computational framework to predict decision-making competence (DMC) affecting cognitive ability to make decisions, using reward distributions uncovered by IRL. Our framework consists of building Double Transition Models (DTMs) from behavioral records of human subjects, discovering reward distributions using IRL, and utilizing these distributions to predict the DMC of individuals. The experimental results obtained by applying clustering and classification approaches confirmed that the DMC of the SCOUT subjects can be successfully predicted from reward distributions. High DMC individuals were clustered together and predicted more accurately than others, resulting in about 85 percent of predictive accuracy.
Product Design Technical Group Sponsored Panel on Publishing as a Practitioner
Authors: Tippey Kathryn , Odell Dan , Wiggerman Neal , Yang Shiyan , Ritchey Paul , Bartha Michael
Published: October 2022

This panel includes five practitioners who publish across multiple venues. The purpose of this panel is to discuss with practitioners the challenges associated with publishing under restricted settings, such as when they are operating under non-disclosure agreements, to help them learn potential avenues to publish. The panelists represent practitioners with diverse backgrounds and approaches to publishing. The avenues for publication include traditional outlets like peer-reviewed journals and less traditional outlets like patents, magazines, and blog posts. Publishing our work, in whatever medium, can be a great way to enhance the power of the human factors community by sharing our methods and findings with colleagues and those seeking to learn more about human factors and user experience!
Sociotechnical Systems View of Catalysts that Enable Underrepresented Minority Student Success
Authors: Pennathur Priyadarshini , Quiroz Brissa , Bisantz Ann , Everett Louis , Pennathur Arunkumar
Published: October 2022

Academic institutions in the US have recently refocused their attention on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion. This panel consisting of engineering faculty, administrators and industry professionals will discuss how colleges of engineering can approach the problem of recruiting, retaining, and graduating undergraduate underrepresented minority (URM) students by using a sociotechnical systems modeling approach. The main thrust of the discussion is how an academic organizational system such as a college of engineering can be broken down into a social system consisting of the people (students, faculty, staff and other stakeholders), and a technical system consisting of programs and initiatives for URM student success. Joint analyses of the social system and the technical system can then reveal systemwide barriers and opportunities for enabling URM student success.
Measurement of Fatigue, Burnout, and Presenteeism in Healthcare: Challenges and Opportunities FOR Safety Management
Authors: Rainbow Jessica G. , Dall’Ora Chiara , Sagherian Knar , Steege Linsey M.
Published: October 2022

Amid the Covid-19 Pandemic, there are increasing reports of the health workforce experiencing adverse outcomes including fatigue, presenteeism and burnout, which have serious safety implications. In this paper we discuss issues of measurement around the phenomena of fatigue, burnout and presenteeism and burnout, and propose a way forward to assess and reduce the negative impact of these on systems’ safety.
Safety Considerations for Cyclists and Pedestrians
Authors: Karn Keith S. , Joganich Timothy , Tyrrell Richard A. , Panik Rachael Thompson , Lee John D. , Schwebel David C.
Published: October 2022

Riding a bicycle, walking, and running are generally health-promoting and environmentally friendly activities, but tens of thousands of cyclists and hundreds of thousands of pedestrians worldwide die in accidents each year. There is an urgent need to address this complex problem with a multidisciplinary and multi-faceted approach. This panel will present recent research related to the safety of these vulnerable road users, focusing on the human factors / ergonomics aspects of these accidents and their prevention. This will include a discussion of conspicuity, infrastructure, distracted driving / walking / cycling, inattentional blindness, rider / pedestrian behavior, and interactions with automated and driverless vehicles.
Paving the Path for Sustainability in Design
Authors: Maguire Amrita , Thatcher Andrew , Baldwin Carryl , Hancock Peter , Duroha Jesse , Macht Gretchen
Published: October 2022

What role can Human Factors and Ergonomics practitioners perform to pave the path to evolving sustainability in design? Being “green” is often perceived to cost money, requires a commitment of resources even when there is not an apparent return on investment (ROI), sometimes it is just about being a good global citizen and responsive to the plight of our planet, with no direct perceived monetary benefit (perhaps ever). This panel will be a social impact discussion hosted by the HFES Sustainability Taskforce. The participants will include HFES attendees in the audience along with Academia, Industries, and Influencers in the area of sustainability. This is an open forum for brainstorming, gathering actionable ideas to charter HF/E influence in sustainable design to support our planet. Industries are chasing sustainability goals and looking for measurable sustainability targets as indicators of success. Let HFES help by guiding future & current practitioners who can help achieve goals.
Privacy and Security of Telehealth Services
Authors: Das Sanchari , Madathil Kapil , Dykstra Josiah , Rajivan Prashanth , Setty Shubha , McElligott James T. , Hughart Jiovanne , Votipka Daniel
Published: October 2022

Telehealth technologies have aided in the distribution of health-related services, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. With increased telehealth use, privacy risks and security concerns among healthcare providers and patients have subsequently increased. In previous research where 205 research papers were reviewed related to healthcare privacy and security, the results reveal a significant lack of research on telehealth security and privacy. In this panel, we aim to discuss this critical gap by studying how current healthcare process designs and provider workflows associated with the use of telehealth technologies impact the security and privacy of patients' protected health information. The panel will engage in in-depth discussions about value-sensitive design while focusing on potentially critical data, such as healthcare data which is not typically emphasized in general security and privacy concerns. To address this, the panel consists of experts from the diverse field including privacy and security, user interaction, and healthcare.
Innovative Macroergonomic Approaches: Responsibilities, Opportunities, and Challenges
Authors: Scheer Eleanore , Valdez Rupa S. , Scheer Eleanore , Valdez Rupa S. , Waterson Patrick , Robertson Michelle M. , Kleiner Brian M. , Ramly Edmond , Rogers Courtney C.
Published: October 2022

Since the early 1980s, human factors professionals have leveraged macroergonomic approaches to build and design complex systems. Macroergonomics is of increasing relevance and interest to modern human factors experts working to address societal and organizational problems. New questions within existing domains necessitate development of new macroergonomic methods. Additionally, modern research needs drive the development of novel approaches in new domains. In this session, panelists will provide expert perspectives on the dynamic evolution of systems analysis, innovative implementation of participatory ergonomics programs, new hazard recognition approaches based on cognitive mnemonics, new applications of improvisation that enhance team performance, and a synthesized method seeking to elucidate micro to macro systems components. After each panelist has presented, we will then facilitate a discussion with the audience and panelists about the responsibilities and opportunities to derive human factors tools and methods that address the challenges and limitations of modern macroergonomics.
Contextualizing applied interaction pressure data during simulated neonatal ventilation
Authors: Hannan Jacqueline , Weiner Gary , Stirling Leia
Published: October 2022

Positive pressure ventilation (PPV) provides life-saving support to newborns via face mask and air flow source. PPV requires a careful balance of applied force on the face mask to provide enough pressure to form a tight seal for air flow without delivering too much pressure that could injure the infant. Previously, there was no tool or quantitative technology to assist in training clinical staff on applying the proper amount of pressure to achieve effective ventilation. In this work, we describe the initial design of a sensor system to monitor pressures at key locations on a newborn’s head and the proximal air flow rate between the ventilator and the face mask. Using a manikin and our system, we determined the minimum pressures to form a complete seal of the mask, which will support contextualizing real-time feedback to the user.
Modeling Goal Alignment in Human-AI Teaming: A Dynamic Game Theory Approach
Authors: Li Mengyao , Lee John D.
Published: October 2022

As human-AI teaming becomes increasingly prevalent, goal alignment has emerged as a critical yet unsolved issue. Misaligned goals can be amplified by the situation and strategic interactions, which can further impact the teaming process and performance. These interrelated factors lack a systematic and computational model. To address this gap, we developed a dynamic game theoretical framework simulating the human-AI interdependency by integrating the Drift Diffusion Model simulating the goal alignment process. A 3 (Situation Structure) x 3 (Strategic Behaviors) x 2 (Initial Goal Alignment) simulation study of human-AI teaming was designed. Results showed that teaming with an altruistic agent in a competitive situation leads to the highest team performance. Moreover, goal alignment process can dissolve the initial goal conflict. Our study provides a first step of modeling goal alignment and implies a tradeoff between a balanced and cooperative team to guide human-AI teaming design.
Towards Self Expression Through Voice User Interfaces
Authors: Stigall Kelly Caine Brodrick
Published: October 2022

Self-expression through expressive writing yields positive health outcomes. However, people who have difficulty writing by traditional means may have difficulty accessing these benefits. This work proposes a study to investigate whether the positive effects of self-expression can be achieved through a voice user interface (VUI). The study compares traditional expression (writing) to expression using a VUI (voice). This work will extend the realm of expressive writing research to include voice user interfaces (VUIs) as a medium of expression. We expect expression through VUIs to yield results similar to traditional methods of expression such as writing. This finding would indicate that we may be able to make the benefits of expressive writing such as positive health outcomes available to people who cannot write by traditional means.
A mobile platform app to assist learning human kinematics in undergraduate biomechanics courses
Authors: Wang Hanwen , Lu Lu , Xie Bingyi Su Ziyang , Edward P. Xu Xu
Published: October 2022

Biomechanics examines different physical characteristics of the human body movement by applying principles of Newtonian mechanics to physical activities. Therefore, undergraduate biomechanics courses are highly demanding in mathematics and physics. While the inclusion of laboratory experiences can augment student comprehension of biomechanics concepts, the cost and the required expertise associated with motion tracking systems can be a burden of offering laboratory sessions. In this study, we developed a mobile platform app to facilitate learning human kinematics in biomechanics courses. An optimized computer-vision model that is based on convolutional pose machine (CPM), MobileNet V2 and TensorFlow Lite frameworks is adopted to reconstruct human pose first. A real-time human kinematics analysis then allows students to conduct human motion experiments. The proposed app can serve as a potential instructional tool in biomechanics courses.
Are Roundabouts Safer for Pedestrians?
Authors: Clark Ralph O , Mayhorn Christopher B.
Published: October 2022

Pedestrians continue to be killed and injured at the meeting points with motor vehicles. The current study explored how drivers managed the cognitive load of negotiating roundabouts. One hundred fifty-five undergraduates at a large university in the southeastern United States were recruited. Participants were given some training on driving rules concerning roundabouts and were then presented with a 25 question, multiple-choice test that served as a check on learning. The participants who passed the learning check were then presented with 80 visual stimuli of driving situations commonly encountered at roundabouts. The stimuli were presented in Qualtrics as seven traffic situations that were randomized. Results supported the hypothesis that pedestrians are not noticed at roundabouts a significant amount of time making the pedestrian/automobile interaction at roundabouts a safety hazard. Participants failed to notice pedestrians most often in roundabout entering vignettes but also failed to notice pedestrians in roundabout exiting vignettes. Results suggest participants did not notice pedestrians attempting to cross the street in crosswalks at roundabouts. Additional research is needed to study how to increase visibility of pedestrian crossing in roundabouts. The findings of this study will raise awareness of the increased need for pedestrian safety measures at roundabouts.
PhisherCop: Developing an NLP-Based Automated Tool for Phishing Detection
Authors: Noah Naheem , Tayachew Abebe , Ryan Stuart , Das Sanchari
Published: October 2022

Phishing poses a major security risk to organizations and individuals leading to loss of billions of dollars yearly. While risk communication serves as a tool to mitigate phishing attempts, it is imperative to create automated phishing detection tools. Numerous Natural Language Processing (NLP) approaches have been deployed to tackle phishing. However, phishing attempts continue to increase exponentially, which reiterates the need for more effective approach. To address this, we have developed an anti-phishing tool called; PhisherCop. PhisherCop is built upon Stochastic Gradient Descent classifier (SGD) and Support Vector Classifier (SVC) which showed an average accuracy of 96%, performing better than six other popular classifiers including: Decision Tree, Logistics Regression, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting Classifier, K-Nearest Neighbors and Multinomial Naive Bayes. Our tool is significant in distinguishing between phishing and legitimate content both over emails and text messages.
Patient Safety Incident Reporting in Sterile Processing: A Systems Perspective
Authors: Segarra Gabriel C. , Lusk Connor , Catchpole Ken , Rayo Michael , Taaffe Kevin , Fredendall Lawrence , DeForest Elise , Jeffries Christine , Reynolds Morgan
Published: October 2022

After use, surgical instruments are sent to a Sterile Processing Department (SPD) or facility to be cleaned, reorganized, maintained, sterilized and stored for eventual re-use. Though essential for safe, efficient and cost-effective surgical delivery, the functions, trade-offs and outcomes within SPDs have rarely been studied. Patient safety incident (PSI) reports are the most ubiquitous form of safety data collected within acute care environments and are often used to report issues in the SPD. Using the work systems analysis perspective we developed in previous work, we created a framework for areas where system failures might occur and manually evaluated PSI reports to investigate a period of possible system strain. We identify the assembly stage as a potentially significant contributor to system strain in the SPD and suggest that several issues related to sterile processing may be interconnected with an aim to assist decisionmakers and healthcare team members in SPD system management.
Detecting Burnout of Health Care Professionals in a COVID-19 Testing Laboratory
Authors: Carvalho Manhães Leite Carolina , Chronopoulou Alexandra , Irem Yuceel Adviye , Wooldridge Abigail R.
Published: October 2022

Health care professionals (HCPs) are frequently exposed to Human Factors/Ergonomics (HFE) issues that result in stress, adversely affecting their health and negatively impacting the quality of care. Chronic stress can result in burnout, with negative implications for individuals, health care organizations, and patients. Current approaches to monitor burnout are reactive and require additional work (e.g., survey completion). In this study, we pilot a methodology using unobtrusive sensors and advanced statistics to bridge this important gap. We collected two types of physiological data - heart rate variability (HRV) and electrodermal activity (EDA) - and measures of perceived workload and burnout from three HCPs in a COVID-19 Testing Laboratory. We identified meaningful relationships between physiological data, workload, and burnout, demonstrating that burnout can be identified proactively using real-time sensor data. Future work will expand the timeframe of data collection and include a larger sample with different types of HCPs.
Multidisciplinary Projects for Human Factors Courses
Authors: Collins McLaughlin Anne , Vaughn-Cooke Monifa , DeLucia Patricia
Published: October 2022

Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary work are at the core of human factors research, both in academia and in industry. Working and communicating with those in other disciplines, from computer science to the humanities, is a necessary skill for graduates of human factors programs. Traditional introductory human factors courses include an applied component, usually an individual or group project, that gives students experience with the many tools they will need in the future, from task analysis to making conclusions based on participant data. Here we describe experiences in extending that coursework to include multidisciplinary interactions in applied contexts. Recommendations include using similar methods to broaden human factors education and including experiences with those in different roles and backgrounds than human factors.
Lessons Learned from a Preliminary Study of Non-Treadmill-Based Trip Training
Authors: Lee Youngjae , L. Michael
Published: October 2022

Falls are the leading cause of non-fatal injuries, and trips account for a high percentage of falls. Trip training is a form of perturbation-based balance training that involves exposing individuals to trip-like treadmill perturbations to improve reactive balance and thus reduce fall risk. However, significant costs and space requirements associated with specialized treadmills for this training may hinder its adoption. In this preliminary study, we evaluated a novel non-treadmill training (NT) protocol that would alleviate these requirements. We compared NT to the more common treadmill training (TT) and a control intervention among a convenience sample of healthy young adults. Results showed some promise for NT, while also providing valuable lessons for an upcoming similar study involving adults aged 65 and older.
A Friendly Indoor Navigation App for People with Disabilities (FIND)
Authors: Shahini Farzaneh , Nasr Vanessa , Zahabi Maryam
Published: October 2022

Persons with disabilities in our communities often find it difficult to achieve and maintain an independent and high quality of life. A significant cause of this issue is the challenge in independently navigating locations. Some prior studies investigated indoor navigation apps for one group of disabled users but few have addressed wayfinding needs of people with various disabilities simultaneously. The objective of this research was to design a friendly indoor navigation app for people with disabilities (FIND). The interface was evaluated and enhanced using a heuristic evaluation and focus group meeting with usability experts. The results were analyzed based on Molich and Nielsen’s usability principles and using a content analysis approach. The provided recommendations can be beneficial to improve the design of navigation apps for people with disabilities.
Designing a System to Mimic Expert Cognition: An Initial Prototype
Authors: Hepenstal Sam , Zhang Leishi , William Wong B. L.
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we present a proof-of-concept system to highlight the potential benefits of mimicking higher-order cognitive processes involved in ‘insight seeking’ to create the necessary context for expert sensemaking. We draw upon data from a realistic investigation exercise undertaken by 14 experienced intelligence analysts and use this to develop our prototype to mimic behaviours demonstrated by expert analysts. Our prototype system evaluates different strategies and provides recommendations for an analyst to explore, through a prototype user interface. The recommended strategies, and associated information retrieved, aligns with the actual investigations. We propose that our system presents a novel and promising approach to design AI support systems for tasks that typically require human expert cognitive processes.
Immersive virtual environment for scale cognition and learning: Expert-based evaluation for balancing usability versus cognitive theories
Authors: Wu Linfeng , Sekelsky Brian , Peterson Matthew , Gampp Tyler , Delgado Cesar , Chen Karen B.
Published: October 2022

While scale cognition and learning is a crosscutting concept that pervades science and can aid students in making connections across disciplines, students struggle to conceptualize and consider scales that go far beyond their everyday world experience. Virtual reality technology affords embodied learning experiences, which enable students to physically engage in learning activities in an environment with rich information. Scale Worlds is a virtual learning environment implemented in an immersive CAVE, which portrays scientific entities of a wide range of sizes. A user can scale themself up or down by powers of ten, in order to experience entities from an atom to the Sun. This paper reports on an expert-based usability evaluation of Scale Worlds, including three sets of A/B testing, by five usability experts. Outcomes of the usability evaluation will inform the refinement of Scale Worlds. The evaluation provides insights for usability evaluation and design in immersive virtual environments.