bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The link between depression and performance on the Symbol Digit Modalities Test: Mechanisms and clinical significance
Authors: Patel Viral P , Feinstein Anthony
Published: April 2018

Objective:

To determine the mechanism and clinical significance of depression-related differences in performance on the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT).

Methods:

The influence of depression on two versions of a computerized SDMT (i.e. fixed versus variable code) was assessed. Both versions involve processing speed, but the fixed c-SDMT also encompasses incidental visual memory.

Results:

Depression was associated with a 19.06% slowing on the variable ( p = 0.002) and an 8.10% slowing on the fixed ( p = 0.219) c-SDMT.

Conclusion:

Depression-associated differences in performance on the SDMT appear linked more to a reduction in processing speed than a decline in incidental visual memory and exceed the 10% threshold considered clinically significant.
Making community through the exchange of material objects
Authors: Lewis Camilla
Published: April 2018

Classic community studies have identified several ways in which material exchanges lie at the heart of kinship relationships and informal networks of support in working-class communities. This article re-examines some key emergent issues in light of social shifts that have occurred in East Manchester, a locality drastically reshaped by de-industrialization and numerous phases of urban regeneration. The ethnography explores how a group of older women made community in these neighbourhoods, which they perceive to be fragmenting through their extended families and friendship networks. The women continued to engage in strategies to support and care for each other and sustain social ties through the exchange of material objects. The analysis suggests that theories of gift exchange and material culture offer useful resources to reinvigorate community studies literature by identifying the ways in which gifts and objects remain central to sustaining kinship and friendship relationships.
A Tendency to Convict
Authors: Davidson Pearl
Published: April 2018

This case note examines the High Court of Australia’s determination in Hughes v The Queen that tendency evidence can have significant probative value, and therefore be admissible, even if such evidence does not share close similarities with the facts in issue. While the case involved allegations of child sexual assault, the principle will apply to all criminal and civil cases under the Australian Uniform Evidence Acts. This case note argues that the Hughes decision is appropriate as a matter of statutory interpretation and in the context of child sexual assault cases. It also positively increases uniformity between Uniform Evidence Act jurisdictions where there had previously been diverging approaches as to the degree of similarity required for tendency evidence to have significant probative value. However, it is more questionable whether the decision should apply equally to other criminal and civil cases.
Mesoscopic investigation of layered graded metallic foams under dynamic compaction
Authors: Zhang Jinhua , Zhang Yadong , Fan Junyu , Fang Qin , Long Yuan
Published: April 2018

This article is aimed to reveal the dynamic response of layered graded metallic foam under impact loading using a three-dimensional mesoscopic model. First, a mesoscopic model for closed-cell metallic foam is proposed based on the X-ray computed tomography images. Second, a numerical analysis approach is presented and validated with test data. Third, it studies the dynamic behavior of the layered graded metallic foam under impact loading numerically. The metallic foam specimen is composed layer by layer. The porosity, which is a fraction of the voids volume over the total volume, is different with each other for the layers. Simulations are conducted to the specimen with increasing and decreasing porosity arrangement. Results show that the layer arrangement is critical to the dynamic properties. The mesoscopic deformation of cell walls and the energy absorption capability are also affected significantly. This article gives insights into the mechanical properties and mesoscopic deformation of layered graded metallic foam.
‘Then she got a spanking’: Social accountability and narrative versions in social workers’ courtroom testimonies
Authors: Franzén Anna , Aronsson Karin
Published: April 2018

Courtroom talk in child custody interrogations recurrently features contrasting event descriptions about ‘what happened’, as well as contrasting person descriptions. This case study – from a large set of audio-recorded courtroom examinations – documents how social workers’ contrasting narrative versions about alleged domestic violence are related to divergent problem formulations. Blame-account sequences feature descriptions of a particular event as violent or nonviolent and descriptions of a new partner as ‘non-adult’ or merely as ‘impulsive’ but ‘concerned’. Other contrasting person descriptions feature a target child either as ‘normal’ or as someone who ‘has a diagnosis’. This involves categorizations of the particular child either as a victim (‘normal child’) or as someone ‘with a diagnosis’, two contrasting accounts that provide divergent explanatory formulations of what the overall problem is. Ultimately, divergent testimonies also reflect how social accounts in court reflect both mitigated/aggravated descriptions of violence and divergent accounts of parents’ and children’s agency and accountability.
Recurrent Aortic Dissection in a Patient With an Actin Mutation Treated With a Laser-Fenestrated Aortic Arch Stent-Graft
Authors: Cullen J. Michael , Ailawadi Gorav , Angle John F. , Thomas Matthew , Upchurch Gilbert R.
Published: April 2018

A 58-year-old African American female, who had previously undergone a valve-sparing aortic root replacement for a type A dissection, represented 2 months later with a new focal dissection and aneurysm with intramural hematoma just distal to the origin of the left subclavian artery. Since no landing zone distal to the subclavian artery existed, the patient underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair with laser fenestration-aided stent-graft placement in the left subclavian artery. The patient recovered without complication, and 52 months later, she is doing well with normal renal function and ambulatory status.
Arterial Compression of Left Iliac Veins: Five-Year Patency Rates of Endovascular Treatment
Authors: Souto Barros Fanilda , Salles-Cunha Sergio X. , Roelke Leonard Hermann , Morais Filho Domingos de , Paula Brandão Nélio Artur de , Pontes Sandra Maria
Published: April 2018

Endovascular angioplasty and stenting have become a treatment of choice for severely symptomatic left iliac veins under external, arterial compression. Patency rates of stented iliac veins based on ultrasonographic (US) findings were estimated. Retrospective analyses of gender, age, deep venous thrombosis (DVT) prior to stenting, stent location at common and/or external iliac veins, and patency rates from 1 month to 5 years were performed. Patients treated were mostly women (72 of 79, 91%), aged 51 ± 16 (25-89) years. Patency rates were 96% at 1 month, 89% at 1 year, and 85% at 3 to 5 years, best for common iliac, 95%, than for external iliac vein stents, subgroup with prior DVT, with secondary patency rates of 75%. US demonstrated acceptable patency rates for iliac vein stenting showing good performance for common iliac vein stents but a decreased performance with stent extending to the external iliac vein or stents placed in patients with prior iliac DVT.
Influence of Body Position on Shoulder and Trunk Muscle Activation During Resisted Isometric Shoulder External Rotation
Authors: Krause David A. , Dueffert Lucas G. , Postma Jaclyn L. , Vogler Eric T. , Walsh Amy J. , Hollman John H.
Published: April 2018

Background:

External rotation (ER) strengthening of the shoulder is an integral component of rehabilitative and preventative programs for overhead athletes. A variety of shoulder ER strengthening exercises are reported, including those intended to integrate the core musculature. The purpose of this study was to examine ER torque and electromyographic (EMG) activation of shoulder and trunk muscles while performing resisted isometric shoulder ER in 3 positions (standing, side lying, and side plank).

Hypothesis:

Significantly greater force and shoulder muscle activation would be generated while side lying given the inherent stability of the position, and greater trunk muscle activation would be generated in the less stable plank position.

Study Design:

Quasi-experimental repeated-measures study.

Level of Evidence:

Level 5.

Methods:

A convenience sample of 25 healthy overhead recreational athletes (9 men, 16 women) participated in this study. EMG electrodes were placed on the infraspinatus, posterior deltoid, middle trapezius, multifidi, internal obliques, and external obliques. EMG signals were normalized to a maximal isometric contraction. Participants performed resisted isometric ER in standing, side-lying, and side plank positions. Results were analyzed using a repeated-measures analysis of variance with post hoc Bonferroni corrections (α = 0.05).

Results:

There was no significant difference in ER torque between positions (α = 0.05). A significant difference in EMG activity of shoulder and trunk musculature between positions was found in 7 of the 8 muscles monitored. Significantly greater EMG activity in the infraspinatus, middle trapezius, and the nondominant external and internal obliques was found in the side plank position as compared with standing and side lying.

Conclusion:

While there was no difference in ER torque between the 3 exercise positions, EMG activity of the shoulder and trunk muscles was dependent on body position.

Clinical Relevance:

If a clinician is seeking to integrate trunk muscle activation while performing shoulder ER strengthening, the side plank position is preferred as compared with standing or side lying.
The Effects of Well-Rounded Exercise Program on Systemic Biomarkers Related to Cartilage Metabolism
Authors: Azukizawa Masayuki , Ito Hiromu , Hamamoto Yosuke , Fujii Takayuki , Morita Yugo , Okahata Akinori , Tomizawa Takuya , Furu Moritoshi , Nishitani Kohei , Kuriyama Shinichi , Nakamura Shinichiro , Yoshitomi Hiroyuki , Nakatani Toshiaki , Tsuboyama Tadao , Hamaguchi Masahide , Matsuda Shuichi , Yasuda Tadashi
Published: April 2018

Nonsurgical treatment such as exercise is the preferred method for management of knee osteoarthritis (OA). A combination of aerobic, muscle strengthening, and flexibility exercises is recommended for older adults. However, effects of the exercise intervention on cartilage metabolism remain unclear. This study used biomarkers to investigate the effects of well-rounded exercise program on cartilage metabolism in 42 women (mean age: 59 years). Participants started a weekly supervised exercise program and continued for 12 weeks. Before and after the program, we measured physical performance on the Timed Up-and-Go Test, 3-Minute Walk Test, and 30-Second Chair Stand Test. We collected serum and urine samples at the start of the program until 24 weeks and measured the concentrations of 4 biomarkers related to type II collagen metabolism: serum cartilage type II procollagen carboxy propeptide (sPIICP), urine C-terminal telopeptide of collagen type II (uCTX-II), urine cleavage of type II collagen by collagenases (uC2C), and serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (sCOMP). Participants were divided into pre-OA and OA groups based on X-ray findings. The pre-OA group showed significant increases and decreases in sPIICP and uCTX-II concentrations with improved physical performance, respectively. sCOMP concentrations significantly increased in both groups. The exercise also improved physical performance with no detrimental effect on type II collagen metabolism in the OA group. Thus, well-rounded exercise may not only improve physical capacity but also have beneficial effects on type II collagen metabolism, especially in people without radiological OA.
An Analysis of Black–White Racial Differences in Public Support for Nonviolent Sentencing Reform
Authors: Wozniak Kevin H.
Published: April 2018

I examine public support for sentencing reform for nonviolent offenders situated within a justice reinvestment context. I analyze data from a survey administered to a nationally representative sample of White and Black Americans. I pay particular attention to differences in support between the two races, and I analyze the degree to which ideological beliefs explain interracial differences. I find that a larger number of both Black and White people support, rather than oppose, sentencing property and drug offenders to community-based sanctions instead of prison, but the likelihood that a person will express support or opposition is related to several ideological beliefs and demographic characteristics. I find that racism and the belief that the criminal justice system is fair mediate the relationship between race and support for sentencing property offenders to community-based sanctions, but race continues to exert an independent effect in regard to sentencing drug offenders.
A First Look at the Effectiveness of Personality Dimensions in Promoting Users’ Satisfaction With the System
Authors: Sarsam Samer Muthana , Al-Samarraie Hosam
Published: April 2018

Personalization of the user interface (UI) to certain individuals’ characteristics is crucial for ensuring satisfaction with the service. Unfortunately, the attention in most UI personalization methods have been shifted from being behavioral-personalization to self-personalization. Practically, we explored the potential of linking users’ personality dimensions with their design preferences to shape the design of an interface. It is assumed that such design may effectively promote users’ satisfaction with the service. A total of 87 participants were used to design the UI for certain personality types, and 50 students were used to evaluate their satisfaction with the UI. The results that UI designed based on the users’ personality characteristics helped to stimulate their satisfaction in a mobile learning context. This study offers a new way for customizing the design of the interface based on the correlational link between individuals’ preferences and the structure of personality characteristics.
Mainstreaming the environment through appraisal: Integrative governance or logics of disintegration?
Authors: Russel Duncan , Turnpenny John , Jordan Andrew
Published: April 2018

In both national and international circles, environmental policy makers are repeatedly faced with the challenges posed by scientific, institutional and administrative fragmentation and complexity. Within this context, appraisal – of policies, programmes and projects – has been repeatedly advocated as a key integration tool that can help policy makers navigate such fragmentation and complexity by better integrating environmental concerns into decision making. In this paper, we examine the challenges that are posed for integrative governance, defined as the theories and practices that focus on the relationships between policy instruments and/or governance systems, from the perspective of efforts to integrate environmental considerations into all sectors of decision making via appraisal. Drawing on institutional theory, we explore the cross-sectoral and multi-level institutional challenges surrounding the integration of environmental considerations across different levels of appraisal. We do so by examining appraisal in the European Commission, and at the national, regional and local level in the UK. We argue that conflicts between different ‘logics of integration’ – or disintegration – routinely hamper the integration of environmental concerns between governance levels and across governance sectors. These logics include differences between appraisal systems; between appraising in theory and in practice; between different sectors and between the fragmented professional logics of different policy actors.
Bilateral Central Retinal Vein Occlusion in Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Pham Hang , Akduman Levent , Kavali Sweta
Published: April 2018

Purpose:

To report a case of bilateral central retinal vein occlusion in a young female patient with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Methods:

Case report and literature review.

Patient:

A 33-year-old female with a history of idiopathic pulmonary hypertension initially presented with progressive vision loss in the right eye and subsequently presented with vision loss in the left eye 2 weeks later.

Results:

Clinical examination revealed central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in the right eye followed by CRVO in the left eye within 2 weeks as confirmed by clinical examination, fundus photography, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and fundus fluorescein angiography.

Conclusion:

Central retinal vein occlusion is an ocular finding associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension and can be bilateral.
The hydrothermal Waterberg platinum deposit, Mookgophong (Naboomspruit), South Africa. Part II: Quartz chemistry, fluid inclusions and geochronology
Authors: van den Kerkhof Alfons M. , Sosa Graciela M. , Oberthür Thomas , Melcher Frank , Fusswinkel Tobias , Kronz Andreas , Simon Klaus , Dunkl István
Published: April 2018

The historic Waterberg platinum deposit, ~15 km WNW of Mookgophong (formerly Naboomspruit), Limpopo Province, South Africa, is a rare fault-bound hydrothermal vein-type quartz-hematite-platinum-group mineralization. As a continuation of the geochemistry and ore mineralogy studies (Part I, Oberthür et al., 2018), this paper concentrates on the ore-bearing quartz and on the age constraints of ore formation. The state-of-the-art methods used include cathodoluminescence microscopy, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) of trace elements, stable isotope (δ18O) analysis and fluid-inclusion studies. U-Pb and (U-Th)/He radiometric age determination gave ages of 900–1075 Ma suggesting platinum-group element (PGE) mineralization as a result of upwelling fluids with connection to the Bushveld complex during Kibaran tectonic movements along the Thabazimbi–Murchison Lineament. Felsic fragments containing Qtz-1 were cemented by different quartz generations (Qtz-2 to Qtz-4) and enable the characterization of the changing physicochemical parameters during multistage mineralization and cooling. The PGE minerals are associated with the earliest hydrothermal stage represented by botryoidal radial-fibrous quartz aggregates (Qtz-2a) which formed on brecciated felsite. The other quartz types are essentially barren. Cathodoluminescence studies of quartz indicate very high Al, Fe and K concentrations as confirmed by EPMA and LA-ICP-MS, whereas Ti is always very low. The varying Al concentrations in the quartz mainly indicate pH fluctuations, the high Fe3+ points at high oxygen fugacity. Micro-inclusions of iron oxide are associated with Pt ore (Fe, Pt, Pd, Au, W, Sb, As), rutile, kaolinite and muscovite. The hydrothermal activity must have been characterized by low saline (<10 wt%) H2O–NaCl solutions. These fluids mixed with original high-saline NaCl ± CaCl2 ± CO2 brines in the brecciated felsite (Qtz-1). According to the quartz-hematite geothermometer the ore depositional temperatures were ~370–330°C (Qtz-2a), whereas the successive quartz veins formed during cooling towards ~295°C. The transport of PGE must have been facilitated by strongly oxidizing chloride complexes of relatively low salinity and moderate acidity.
Platinum-group element remobilization and concentration in the Cliff chromitites of the Shetland Ophiolite Complex, Scotland
Authors: O'Driscoll Brian , Garwood Russell , Day James M. D. , Wogelius Roy
Published: April 2018

The ~492 Ma Shetland Ophiolite Complex contains an extensive mantle section, within which numerous podiform chromitite bodies formed during melt percolation in a supra-subduction zone setting. One of the Shetland ophiolite chromitite localities has an unusual style of platinum-group element (PGE) mineralization. Specifically, the Cliff chromitite suite has relatively high (>250 ppm) Pt plus Pd, compared to other chromitites in the Shetland Ophiolite Complex. In this study, we apply petrographic observation, mineral chemistry and novel X-ray microtomography data to elucidate the petrogenesis of PGE-bearing phases at Cliff. The combined datasets reveal that the PGE at Cliff have probably been fractionated by an As-rich fluid, concentrating Pt and Ir into visible (0.1–1 µm) platinum-group minerals (PGM) such as sperrylite and irarsite, respectively. The high (>1 ppm) bulk-rock concentrations of the other PGE (e.g. Os) in the Cliff chromitites suggests the presence of abundant fine-grained unidentified PGM in the serpentinized groundmass. The spatial association of arsenide phases and PGM with alteration rims on Cr-spinel grains suggests that the high Pt and Pd abundances at Cliff result from a late-stage low-temperature (e.g. 200–300°C) hydrothermal event. This conclusion highlights the potential effects that secondary alteration processes can have on modifying and upgrading the tenor of PGE deposits.
The role of JAK2 inhibitors in MPNs 7 years after approval
Authors: Passamonti Francesco , Maffioli Margherita
Published: April 2018

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) include essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera (PV), and primary myelofibrosis (MF). Phenotype-driver mutations of JAK2, CALR, and MPL genes are present in MPNs and can be variably combined with additional mutations. Driver mutations entail a constitutive activation of the JAK2/STAT pathway, the key signaling cascade in MPNs. Among JAK2 inhibitors (JAKis), ruxolitinib (RUX) has been approved for the treatment of intermediate and high-risk MF and for PV inadequately controlled by or intolerant of hydroxyurea. Other JAKis, such as fedratinib and pacritinib, proved to be useful in MF. The primary end points in MF trials were spleen volume response (SVR) and symptom response, whereas in PV trials they were hematocrit control with or without spleen response. In advanced MF, RUX achieved a long lasting SVR of >35% in ∼60% of patients, establishing a new benchmark for MF treatment. RUX efficacy in early MF is also remarkable and toxicity is mild. In PV, RUX achieved hematocrit control in ∼60% of cases and SVR in 40%. Symptom relief was evident in both conditions. In the long-term, however, many MF patients lose their SVR. Indeed, the definition of RUX failure and the design of new trials in this setting are unmet needs. Decrease of hemoglobin/platelet levels and increased infection rates are the most common side effects of RUX, and nonmelanoma skin tumors need to be monitored while on treatment. In conclusion, the introduction of JAKis raises the bar of treatment goals in MF and PV.
Care in Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (CAROL): a randomised trial in general practice
Authors: Markun Stefan , Rosemann Thomas , Dalla-Lana Kaba , Steurer-Stey Claudia
Published: April 2018

Disease management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is complex and shortcomings in general practice care for COPD are common. A care bundle is a disease management aid used as a reminder and for steering specific elements of care. Our objectives were to test whether a COPD care bundle delivered to general practitioners (GPs) and practice assistants increases the implementation of key elements of COPD care.

The study was a cluster-randomised clinical trial, with 1:1 randomisation of GPs and a 1-year follow-up. The intervention introduced a COPD care bundle and aimed at enhancing collaboration between GPs and practice assistants. The control group continued usual care. The primary outcome measure was the composite score from nine key elements of COPD care measured at the patient level.

We enrolled 35 GPs and 216 patients with a median age of 69 years, 59% female, 69% Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease group A or B. After 1 year, the between-group difference in change of the primary outcome measure was +2.2 (95% CI +1.5– +2.9) in favour of the intervention group. The intervention was associated with significantly higher implementation rates in seven out of nine key elements of care.

Disease management using a COPD care bundle increased the implementation of key elements of COPD care in general practice.
Sputum proteomics and airway cell transcripts of current and ex-smokers with severe asthma in U-BIOPRED: an exploratory analysis
Authors: Takahashi Kentaro , Pavlidis Stelios , Ng Kee Kwong Francois , Hoda Uruj , Rossios Christos , Sun Kai , Loza Matthew , Baribaud Fred , Chanez Pascal , Fowler Steve J. , Horvath Ildiko , Montuschi Paolo , Singer Florian , Musial Jacek , Dahlen Barbro , Dahlen Sven-Eric , Krug Norbert , Sandstrom Thomas , Shaw Dominic E. , Lutter Rene , Bakke Per , Fleming Louise J. , Howarth Peter H. , Caruso Massimo , Sousa Ana R. , Corfield Julie , Auffray Charles , De Meulder Bertrand , Lefaudeux Diane , Djukanovic Ratko , Sterk Peter J. , Guo Yike , Adcock Ian M. , Chung Kian Fan
Published: April 2018

Severe asthma patients with a significant smoking history have airflow obstruction with reported neutrophilia. We hypothesise that multi-omic analysis will enable the definition of smoking and ex-smoking severe asthma molecular phenotypes.

The U-BIOPRED cohort of severe asthma patients, containing current-smokers (CSA), ex-smokers (ESA), nonsmokers and healthy nonsmokers was examined. Blood and sputum cell counts, fractional exhaled nitric oxide and spirometry were obtained. Exploratory proteomic analysis of sputum supernatants and transcriptomic analysis of bronchial brushings, biopsies and sputum cells was performed.

Colony-stimulating factor (CSF)2 protein levels were increased in CSA sputum supernatants, with azurocidin 1, neutrophil elastase and CXCL8 upregulated in ESA. Phagocytosis and innate immune pathways were associated with neutrophilic inflammation in ESA. Gene set variation analysis of bronchial epithelial cell transcriptome from CSA showed enrichment of xenobiotic metabolism, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress compared to other groups. CXCL5 and matrix metallopeptidase 12 genes were upregulated in ESA and the epithelial protective genes, mucin 2 and cystatin SN, were downregulated.

Despite little difference in clinical characteristics, CSA were distinguishable from ESA subjects at the sputum proteomic level, with CSA patients having increased CSF2 expression and ESA patients showing sustained loss of epithelial barrier processes.
In vivo growth of 60 non-screening detected lung cancers: a computed tomography study
Authors: Mets Onno M. , Chung Kaman , Zanen Pieter , Scholten Ernst T. , Veldhuis Wouter B. , van Ginneken Bram , Prokop Mathias , Schaefer-Prokop Cornelia M. , de Jong Pim A.
Published: April 2018

Current pulmonary nodule management guidelines are based on nodule volume doubling time, which assumes exponential growth behaviour. However, this is a theory that has never been validated in vivo in the routine-care target population. This study evaluates growth patterns of untreated solid and subsolid lung cancers of various histologies in a non-screening setting.

Growth behaviour of pathology-proven lung cancers from two academic centres that were imaged at least three times before diagnosis (n=60) was analysed using dedicated software. Random-intercept random-slope mixed-models analysis was applied to test which growth pattern most accurately described lung cancer growth. Individual growth curves were plotted per pathology subgroup and nodule type.

We confirmed that growth in both subsolid and solid lung cancers is best explained by an exponential model. However, subsolid lesions generally progress slower than solid ones. Baseline lesion volume was not related to growth, indicating that smaller lesions do not grow slower compared to larger ones.

By showing that lung cancer conforms to exponential growth we provide the first experimental basis in the routine-care setting for the assumption made in volume doubling time analysis.
Colonization sites in carriers of ESBL-producing Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: van Prehn Joffrey , Kaiser Anna M. , van der Werff Suzanne D. , van Mansfeld Rosa , Vandenbroucke-Grauls Christina M. J. E.
Published: April 2018

Objective

The distribution of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria (ESBL-GNB) colonization sites is relevant for infection control guidelines on detection and follow-up of colonization. We questioned whether it is possible to rely solely on rectal swab culture for follow-up of ESBL-GNB colonization.

Methods

We retrospectively assessed ESBL-GNB colonization sites in patients in a tertiary hospital in the Netherlands. The Laboratory Information Management System was queried for all bacterial cultures obtained between January 2012 and August 2016. All patients with one or more cultures positive for ESBL-GNB were identified and the distribution of ESBL-GNB positive sample sites was assessed. A subgroup analysis was performed on patients for whom at least one rectal swab specimen was available.

Results

We identified 1011 ESBL-GNB carriers with 16,578 specimens for analysis. ESBL-GNB were most frequently isolated from the rectum (506/1011), followed by the urogenital (414/1011) and respiratory tract (142/1011), and pus (136/1011). For 588 patients at least one rectal swab specimen was available. In this subgroup, ESBL-GNB colonization was detected only in the rectum in 55.4% (326/588) of patients, in 30.6% (180/588) in the rectum and a different culture site, and in 13.9% (82/588) no rectal colonization was detected.

Conclusions

Rectal colonization with ESBL-GNB was detected in 86% of ESBL-GNB carriers. However, in 14% of ESBL-GNB carriers we did not detect rectal colonization. Therefore, samples taken for follow-up of colonization with multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) should ideally also include samples from the site where the MDR-GNB was initially found.
Impact on Oncology Practices of Including Drug Costs in Bundled Payments
Authors: Ward Jeffery C. , Levit Laura A. , Page Ray D. , Hennessy John E. , Cox John V. , Kamin Deborah Y. , Bruinooge Suanna S. , Shih Ya-Chen Tina , Polite Blase N.
Published: April 2018

Introduction:

This analysis evaluates the impact of bundling drug costs into a hypothetic bundled payment.

Methods:

An economic model was created for patient vignettes from: advanced-stage III colon cancer and metastatic non–small-cell lung cancer. First quarter 2016 Medicare reimbursement rates were used to calculate the average fee-for-service (FFS) reimbursement for these vignettes. The probabilistic risk faced by practices was captured by the type of patients seen in practices and randomly assigned in a Monte Carlo simulation on the basis of the given distribution of patient types within each cancer. Simulations were replicated 1,000 times. The impact of bundled payments that include drug costs for various practice sizes and cancer types was quantified as the probability of incurring a loss at four magnitudes: any loss, > 10%, > 20%, or > 30%. A loss was defined as receiving revenue from the bundle that was less than what the practice would have received under FFS; the probability of loss was calculated on the basis of the number of times a practice reported a loss among the 1,000 simulations.

Results:

Practices that treat a substantial proportion of patients with complex disease compared with the average patient in the bundle would have revenue well below that expected from FFS. Practices that treat a disproportionate share of patients with less complex disease, as compared with the average patient in the bundle, would have revenue well above the revenue under FFS. Overall, bundled payments put practices at greater risk than FFS because their patient case mix could greatly skew financial performance.

Conclusion:

Including drug costs in a bundle is subject to the uncontrollable probabilistic risk of patient case mixes.
Pain and Its Long-term Interference of Daily Life After Critical Illness
Authors: Hayhurst Christina J. , Jackson Jim C. , Archer Kristin R. , Thompson Jennifer L. , Chandrasekhar Rameela , Hughes Christopher G.
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND:

Persistent pain likely interferes with quality of life in survivors of critical illness, but data are limited on its prevalence and risk factors. We sought to determine the prevalence of persistent pain after critical illness and its interference with daily life. Additionally, we sought to determine if intensive care unit (ICU) opioid exposure is a risk factor for its development.

METHODS:

In a cohort of adult medical and surgical ICU survivors, we used the brief pain inventory (BPI) to assess pain intensity and pain interference of daily life at 3 and 12 months after hospital discharge. We used proportional odds logistic regression with Bonferroni correction to evaluate the independent association of ICU opioid exposure with BPI scores, adjusting for potential confounders including age, preadmission opioid use, frailty, surgery, severity of illness, and durations of delirium and sepsis while in the ICU.

RESULTS:

We obtained BPI outcomes in 295 patients overall. At 3 and 12 months, 77% and 74% of patients reported persistent pain symptoms, respectively. The median (interquartile range) pain intensity score was 3 (1, 5) at both 3 and 12 months. Pain interference with daily life was reported in 59% and 62% of patients at 3 and 12 months, respectively. The median overall pain interference score was 2 (0, 5) at both 3 and 12 months. ICU opioid exposure was not associated with increased pain intensity at 3 months (odds ratio [OR; 95% confidence interval], 2.12 [0.92–4.93]; P = .18) or 12 months (OR, 2.58 [1.26–5.29]; P = .04). ICU opioid exposure was not associated with increased pain interference of daily life at 3 months (OR, 1.48 [0.65–3.38]; P = .64) or 12 months (OR, 1.46 [0.72–2.96]; P = .58).

CONCLUSIONS:

Persistent pain is prevalent after critical illness and frequently interferes with daily life. Increased ICU opioid exposure was not associated with worse pain symptoms. Further studies are needed to identify modifiable risk factors for persistent pain in the critically ill and the effects of ICU opioids on patients with and without chronic pain.
Tbx6controls left-right asymmetry through regulation ofGdf1
Authors: Concepcion Daniel , Hamada Hiroshi , Papaioannou Virginia E.
Published: April 2018

The Tbx6 transcription factor plays multiple roles during gastrulation, somite formation and body axis determination. One of the notable features of the Tbx6 homozygous mutant phenotype is randomization of left/right axis determination. Cilia of the node are morphologically abnormal leading to the hypothesis that disrupted nodal flow is the cause of the laterality defect. However, Tbx6 is expressed around but not in the node, leading to uncertainty as to the mechanism of this effect. In this study, we have examined the molecular characteristics of the node and the genetic cascade determining left/right axis determination. We found evidence that a leftward nodal flow is generated in Tbx6 homozygous mutants despite the cilia defect, establishing the initial asymmetric gene expression in Dand5 around the node, but that the transduction of the signal from the node to the left lateral plate mesoderm is disrupted due to lack of expression of the Nodal coligand Gdf1 around the node. Gdf1 was shown to be a downstream target of Tbx6 and a Gdf1 transgene partially rescues the laterality defect.
That final fatal error: crew resource management
Authors: Willis Sam , Mellor Gary
Published: April 2018

Providing safe clinical care to the community is the cornerstone of modern paramedic practice. Crew resource management (CRM) is a strategy to investigate and mitigate errors and research into these concepts is limited in paramedicine. A conceptual framework specific to CRM in paramedicine in needed. The Egg Timer Model of Disparity, designed by Willis and published in Summers and Willis (2010) , is put forward as a conceptual model worthy of explorative review.
La labor socioeducativa de las misiones salesianas en América y España en el siglo XIX y los albores del siglo XX
Authors: Llorent Bedmar Vicente , Llorent García Vicente J.
Published: April 2018

Este estudio pretende poner de relieve la labor inicial de las misiones salesianas, siendo una de las congregaciones religiosas más significativas desde el siglo XIX hasta la actualidad, en la historia de América y España. De esta manera resulta ineludible destacar aquellos hitos de carácter pedagógico-religioso que se fueron desarrollando en ambos territorios por orden cronológico en contextos nacionales. De tal forma que se analiza la evolución desde la llegada de los primeros salesianos a América (1874) y a España (1880), hasta inicios del siglo XX, siendo ya 3.526 y estando presentes en 31 países, más de la mitad de América. Se puede afirmar que, a causa de las distintas características históricas, económicas, políticas y culturales de España y América, la obra salesiana tiene rasgos peculiares en cada uno de estos territorios. Sin embargo, en ambos tienen un tronco común: la aplicación del sistema pedagógico preventivo y la integración sociolaboral de los jóvenes.
Traditional Knowledge as a Basis for the Development of a Sustainable Resource Management Program: A Case Study in a Rural Village in Morelos, Mexico
Authors: Hernández-Tapia Rubén , Valverde Teresa , Aranda Abel , Martínez-Peralta Concepción , Platas-Neri Diana
Published: April 2018

We analyzed the traditional knowledge and management of local wild fauna and flora among the inhabitants of the peasant community of Chimalacatlán, together with their perception of local environments, to identify potential species for the future development of a sustainable resource management program. Initial contact with the community was established through an ethnographic survey to identify those with the most knowledge on this topic. Residents were selected for inclusion in the interviews using chain referral sampling. Forty-eight people were interviewed and asked about the species they were familiar with, as well as their methods of fostering/managing some of them. In this context, people cited 83 plant and 44 animal species. The preferred animals for the development of a resource management program were Odocoileus virginianus (white-tailed deer) and Ctenosaura pectinata (Mexican spiny-tailed iguana); while the preferred plants were Amphipterygium adstringens (cuachalalate) and Bursera linanoe (linaloe). For the residents of this community, fauna and flora have constituted an important resource, since various species are used as food, medicinal remedies, firewood, ornaments, and pets. Some species are illegally hunted and/or marketed as a means of subsistence. This study confirms the value of local residents’ knowledge in improving the management of environmental units, as well as the need to strengthen collaboration between decision-makers in development programs and the community.
Tesis sobre la pena de muerte
Authors: Paz Marcos
Published: April 2018

Sostenida en la Universidad de Buenos Aires para recibir el grado de Doctor en Leyes por Marcos Paz el día 3 de julio de 1834.
Comentarios de libros: Comentario a Edward Bernays: Propaganda. Cómo manipular la opinión pública en democracia
Authors: Stefanoff Francisco
Published: April 2018

Comentario a Edward Bernays: Propaganda. Cómo manipular la opinión pública en democraciaLibros de Zolzal, Buenos Aires, 2016
PEMBINAAN AGAMA ISLAM DI PESANTREN MUNTASIRUL ULUM MAN YOGYAKARTA III (Tinjauan Psikologi Humanistik-Religius)
Authors: Hamruni Hamruni
Published: April 2018

Muntasyirul Ulum Boarding School is dormitory for students MAN Yogyakarta III. Coachingmaterials integrated with lessons in Yogyakarta MAN III, including deepening the material in theform of religion and religious formation of creative and independent character. Serious coaching fromBoarding School is done by providing guidance, either individually or in groups. Individual coachingaimed at guiding students through a turbulent adolescence. Guidance also be directed so that studentscan carry out their duties as students, have an independent person and is able to actualize the potentialand talent to be individual resilient in the face of adversity. In addition, the guidance also seeks to equipand nurture students to become strong personal faith. By using a method that is inspiring dialogue, theboarding seeks to educate and equips them with the nature of humanity, tolerance and pluralism. Thisis in line with the concept of religion in fostering humanistic attempt that students are not only able todo the actualization of the material, but also embodies adherence to the revelation.Keywords: Humanism, actualization,tolerance.
PSIKODIAGNOSTIK DAN KESULITAN BELAJAR SISWA BIDANG PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI SOMBOONSARD SCHOOL, THAILAND
Authors: Candra Puspita Sari Galuh , Latipah Eva
Published: April 2018

Psychodiagnostics is a research about human’s attitude and behaviour. Psychodiagnostics was used in order to obtain information about students’ learning dissability in Somboonsard School, Nathawee, Songkhla, Thailand, where it is located in muslim minority area. The result of this research showed that some students’ learning dissabilities were found. Some were simple kind of learning dissabilities, such as reading dissability and memorizing dissability. Some were complicated kind of learning dissabilities, such as dyslexia, slow learner, and emotional and behaviour disorders. From the diagnosis, people willbe able to find the best prognosis/solution to solve the problem of learning dissability. For example, reading and writing guidance, reading Al-Qur’an guidance, learning guidance, tasks giving, intensive individual counselling service and special guidance from psychologist. They also did preventive service in creating a corporation with supports.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KEBIASAAN MEMBACA ASMAUL HUSNA DENGAN KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL SISWA KELAS XI MA NURUL UMMAH YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Khoirunnisa Lili
Published: April 2018

This research aims to describe emotional quotient and reading habit of asmaul husna of students and to examine relationship between of both. The subject of this research were all of students in grade XI MA (Senior High School) Nurul Ummah Yogyakarta as many as 34 people. Interviews, scale of emotional quotient, and reading habit asmaul husna questionnaire are used as an instrument in data collection. The results show: first, level of emotional quotient of students in grade XI MA Nurul Ummah Yogyakarta are in the high category. Second, level of reading habit asmaul husna of students in grade XI MA Nurul Ummah Yogyakarta are in the high category. Third, there’s positive and significant correlation (rxy=0,614, p=0,001) between reading habit of asmaul husna and emotional quotient of students in grade XI MA Nurul Ummah Yogyakarta. Fourth, the contribution of reading habit Asmaul Husna toward emotional quotient of students in grade XI MA Nurul Ummah Yogyakarta is 37,70%.

 

Keywords: reading habit asmaul husna, emotional quotient, student grade XI
SELF REGULATED LEARNING DALAM AL-QUR’AN
Authors: Aziz Jamil Abdul
Published: April 2018

Self regulated learning is one key to obtaining maximum learning results. However, the facts on the ground are still many students who do not have the independence in learning. Based on this background, it becomes important for every educator and activist education to understand what is the meaning of independent learning, independent learning forms, as well as how to foster independent learning in self-learners.This type of research is the study of literature (libraryresearch). The approach used in this study is the approach of Psychological Sciences. After conducting a study on the independence of existing learning the Koran and Psychology, found some of the following: a) the Koran a lot of gesturing order mankind always read and explore science departing from the awareness and willingness of individuals themselves (QS. [2]: 189, [QS. [8]: 1, [17]: 85) b) forms of learning kemandrian exemplified in al- Koran contained in the story of Moses and Ibrahim (QS. [6]: 76-79). In Psychology, form independent learning contained in Prophet Moses and Nabi Ibrahim belong to the kind Identivied regulation and Intrinsically motivated behavior  c) how to cultivate independent learning in the Koran there are: 1) Introduce learners of reality (environment) 2) Build kontsruk think learners

Keywords:  Self Regulated Learning, The Qur’an.
PENGARUH HIDDEN CURRICULUM TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER SISWA DI SMP IT MASJID SYUHADA’ KOTABARU YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Pratiwi Esti Rahmah
Published: April 2018

Character building for student should be applied in the early age. It is important because early age is the crucial time for student to develop their potential ability. The purpose of this research is to determine the real form of character building through hidden curriculum theory. The research uses a quantitative method. The results showed that: 1) the implementation of the hidden curriculum in SMP IT (integrated Islamic of junior high school) Masjid Syuhada belong in a good category. With the highest percentage value of 29.54%, the group score indicates as good criteria. 2) Character building in the 2 grade of SMP IT (integrated Islamic of junior high school) Masjid Syuhada categorized as good enough, with the highest percentage value of 27, 28%. The group score indicates as good enough criteria. 3) There is a positive and significant influence of hidden curriculum in the student's character, as if the score of hidden curriculum increased by 0.649. Hidden curriculum influence 52.7% in student’s characteristic, while 47.3% are influenced by other factors.
Flipping to engage students: Instructor perspectives on flipping large enrolment courses
Authors: Karabulut-Ilgu Aliye , Jaramillo Cherrez Nadia , Hassall Lesya
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate instructor perspectives on the implementation of flipped classrooms in large enrolment classrooms. Five instructors teaching in different disciplines – ranging from mechanical engineering to sociology – were purposefully selected to provide in-depth analysis of the process of converting a traditional course to a flipped format. The findings indicated that flipped approach broke the social code of large enrolment courses by shrinking the instructors and empowering the students. Benefits and challenges the format brings are discussed and recommendations for implementation are provided.
On the Wasserstein distance between mutually singular measures
Authors: Buttazzo Giuseppe , Carlier Guillaume , Laborde Maxime
Published: April 2018

We study the Wasserstein distance between two measures

μ
,
ν

{\mu,\nu}

which are mutually singular. In particular, we are interested in minimization problems of the form

W
⁢

(
μ
,
𝒜
)

=

inf
⁡

{

W
⁢

(
μ
,
ν
)

:

ν
∈
𝒜

}

,

W(\mu,\mathcal{A})=\inf\{W(\mu,\nu):\nu\in\mathcal{A}\},

where μ is a given probability and

𝒜

{\mathcal{A}}

is contained in the class

μ
⊥

{\mu^{\perp}}

of probabilities that are singular with respect to μ. Several cases for

𝒜

{\mathcal{A}}

are considered; in particular, when

𝒜

{\mathcal{A}}

consists of

L
1

{L^{1}}

densities bounded by a constant, the optimal solution is given by the characteristic function of a domain. Some regularity properties of these optimal domains are also studied. Some numerical simulations are included, as well as the double minimization problem

min
⁡

{

P
⁢

(
B
)

+

k
⁢
W
⁢

(
A
,
B
)

:

|

A
∩
B

|

=
0

,

|
A
|

=

|
B
|

=
1

}

,

\min\{P(B)+kW(A,B):|A\cap B|=0,\,|A|=|B|=1\},

where

k
>
0

{k>0}

is a fixed constant,

P
⁢

(
A
)

{P(A)}

is the perimeter of A, and both sets

A
,
B

{A,B}

may vary.