bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRANSFORMATION OF MANAGERIAL LEADERSHIP QUALITIES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF BUSINESS DIGITALIZATION
Authors: Ishchuk Andrii
Published: June 2024

The paper deals with identifying the directions and content of transformational changes in the leadership qualities of a manager under the influence of business digitalization. The paper aims to formulate and disclose scientific, theoretical, and methodological provisions for changing the qualities of a leader in the era of business digitalization. This study is based on observing how managers' leadership qualities are formed and developed in the context of digitalization at both global and micro levels. Identified are the differences between the characteristics of "traditional" and "digital" leaders based on historical and comparative analysis. A set of "traditional" leadership qualities allows for operational guidance and management of the company's future development based on the extrapolation of existing trends. Moreover, possession of the qualities of digital leaders enables multidimensional strategic management. The findings emphasize the importance of digital leadership at both macro and micro levels. The study shows the transformation of leadership and leadership qualities at different levels of economic management, which complements the existing scientific theories of leadership. To promote digital leadership at the macro level, the government is responsible for introducing digital technologies in administration, providing citizens with convenient tools for accessing administrative services. It was established that Ukraine is among the leading countries introducing digital technologies at the macro level. At the level of business management within companies, leadership in the digital era acquires specific characteristics compared to its traditional forms. In particular, the transition from individual to shared leadership leads to changes in organizational structures and management styles.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE TOTAL FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVE ADEQUACY OF THE CENTRAL BANK: TURKEY AND AZERBAIJAN
Authors: Jamalzade Gunduz , Saldanli Arif , Jamalzade Elgiz
Published: June 2024

International foreign exchange reserves are widely acknowledged as a global medium of exchange that possesses a readily available characteristic. Official public assets, which are foreign assets kept and organized by the monetary authorities of countries, serve as a complement to foreign exchange reserves. Adequate levels of foreign exchange reserves are necessary for nations to meet their payment commitments and sustain the stability of their currency. The primary rationale for the Central Bank's decision to maintain liquid foreign exchange reserves is to establish a safeguard against any speculative assaults or fluctuations in the trade balance. The primary objective of this research was to ascertain the many elements that influence the sufficiency of the aggregate foreign exchange reserves in Azerbaijan and Turkey. The article examined the sufficiency of the gross foreign exchange reserves of the Central Bank of the Republic of Azerbaijan (CBAR) and the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (CBRT) based on the ideal reserve ratios recommended by the IMF. Following an extensive examination of theoretical and conceptual literature, this study aims to assess the sufficiency of the Gross Foreign Exchange Reserves held by the CBAR and CBRT. The proposed optimal reserve ratios are utilized to elucidate the reserve adequacy of these countries, while considering the theoretical relationship between the variables. To achieve this objective, a logit regression analysis was conducted using the data spanning from 2012 to 2022. The results indicate that there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between interest rates and the overall adequacy of foreign exchange reserves. Considering the influence of interest rates on economic stability and financial performance, this outcome is anticipated. Furthermore, it was shown that the exchange rate variable exhibited a statistically significant negative impact on the preceding period. The present empirical study offers an overview of the various elements that influence the sufficiency of the aggregate foreign exchange reserves of Azerbaijan and Turkey. The findings of this study offer crucial insights to decision makers regarding the variables that must be considered when overseeing foreign exchange reserves.
ADAPTING TO CHANGE IN THE MODERN WORLD: SKILLS DEVELOPMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION FOR ECONOMIC AND SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES
Authors: Mustafazada Ayshan
Published: June 2024

The capacity to adapt to change is critical for both individual achievement and societal growth in the quickly changing global scene of today. This study investigates how higher education can provide students with the tools they need to successfully handle difficulties related to sustainability and the economy. Utilizing multidisciplinary viewpoints from the fields of education, economics and environmental studies, this research delves into the tactics and methods used by universities to cultivate flexibility and fortitude in their students. This research attempts to uncover critical competencies and pedagogical strategies that support skill development for solving complex economic and sustainability concerns by looking at case studies and best practices from different educational environments. This research also examines the relationship between environmental sustainability and economic growth, highlighting the value of holistic methods in the creation of curricula for higher education. In the end, this study adds to the continuing conversation about the role of higher education in equipping students to prosper in a changing, globally interconnected world where sustainability and adaptation are essential to long-term success and the welfare of society. Additionally, this article emphasizes the significance of acquiring 21st-century skills for success in the contemporary workforce, including as critical thinking, creativity, cooperation, communication, and technological literacy. In order to successfully solve economic and environmental concerns, the research ends with recommendations for enhancing programmes for skill development, funding faculty development, encouraging multidisciplinary collaboration, and interacting with stakeholders.
ENTERPRISE ECOSYSTEM AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: IMMANENT INTERDEPENDENCE
Authors: Nahara Maryna
Published: June 2024

Global hypercompetition necessitates the development of new models of business collaboration among economic entities. Enterprise ecosystem is one form of organization and support for entrepreneurship that facilitates the transition from competition to cooperation among business entities. The article explores various theoretical approaches to defining the concept of ecosystem that enabled to propose the author’s interpretation. It is substantiated that the entrepreneurial ecosystem offers optimal pathways and effective tools for fostering innovation and economic growth, grounded in the principles of sustainable development. A comparative analysis of organizational models of activity is conducted. Compared to other organisational models, the ecosystem entails the transformation of hierarchical management mechanisms, giving rise to a dynamic environment facilitating the free exchange of knowledge, information, resources, technologies, and competencies. The synergistic model of the enterprise ecosystem within the framework of sustainable development is proposed. The model exhibits several characteristic features: cross-industry interaction, which maximizes synergies more effectively than corporate ties; diversification of activities with a focus on lean innovation; emphasis on environmental sustainability and the commercialization of developments; flexibility of business processes; autonomy of participants and adherence to voluntary cooperation principles. The article substantiates the key improvement strategies that enterprises should implement to achieve synergistic effects and sustainable development goals within the enterprise ecosystem.
PERSPECTIVES AND DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE IN THE DIGITAL AGE
Authors: Nikčević Gordana , Pavićević Djordjije
Published: June 2024

In the conditions of the strong development of digital technologies, the business of organizations in a traditional environment becomes very tight. New digital technologies have implications for modern business operations. Digital trends require changes not only in the way business organizations work (jobs, workplaces and employees) but also a change in the entire concept of organizational culture (behavior and thinking of employees). In order for digital technologies not to become an obstacle to the business of modern organizations, in our work we will identify a new organizational culture that is able to support new technologies. At the same time, we will look at the key elements of the traditional organizational culture, which we have to transform. In the final part, with the aim of improving the business of business organizations, guidelines will be given for the development of a new digital organizational culture that will contribute to the improvement of business, all in the context of adapting to new digital technologies. In the study of digital transformation and organizational culture, the authors employ analytical and synthetic approaches to achieve a deeper understanding. The analytical approach deconstructs elements through qualitative analysis, while the synthetic approach integrates information and theories to form a comprehensive concept. These approaches enable the identification of optimal strategies for different contexts, which is crucial for this study. Overall, the study contributes to theoretical understanding of digital transformation and organizational culture, while also offering practical guidance for organizations undergoing the process of digital transformation.
THE ROLE OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN FOSTERING WORKPLACE DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION IN DIGITALLY ORIENTED ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Lukić Nikolić Jelena , Labus Pero
Published: June 2024

The aim of this paper is to emphasize the role and importance of employee education and training in digitally oriented organizations so that they can recognize, comprehend, and accept diversity and inclusion in the workplace. Digitally oriented organizations have the advantage of remote work and flexible working hours, which allow for the inclusion of individuals who may not meet the requirements of traditional work environments, involving physical presence for eight hours a day. Conducted desk research shows that education and training on diversity and inclusion in digitally oriented organizations have an important role in raising awareness, promoting understanding, and supporting positive behaviors within all employees. The main advantages of workplace diversity and inclusion are a more diversified and high-quality pool of candidates, a better organizational reputation among employees, increased innovation, and higher profitability. To fully realize these benefits, it is essential that all employees wholeheartedly embrace and foster diversity and inclusion. This paper's theoretical implications include a systematic review and analysis of existing literature on the topic, while practical implication is in providing key recommendations to leaders and managers for achieving high levels of diversity and inclusion in the workplace through education and training.
PROGRESS OF THE MICROFINANCE SECTOR IN ALBANIA, CURRENT CHALLENGES AND THE PERSPECTIVE OF THIS SECTOR
Authors: Pjetri Fabian , Kastrati Rajs , Prifti Fjorda
Published: June 2024

The paper presented by the authors aims to research the role of Microfinance in Albania over the years, especially in improving living conditions for the less privileged groups. The authors have tried to give a summarized panorama regarding the progress and evolution of Microfinance in the state of Albania. Portraying the latter as a good alternative solution to the shortcomings of the Traditional Banking System, to address the needs of certain segments of the population. The analysis used by the authors focuses on the major and current challenges that the Microfinance sector in Albania is facing, it also examines the perspectives and potential future opportunities of this developing sector in our country. Since most of the economic entities that operate in our country are small and medium-sized businesses, where family businesses account for a significant number of the total number of economic entities, the authors have considered it important to research this segment of the economy.
Hemşirelik Öğrencileri için Klinik Muhakeme Ölçeğinin Türkçe Geçerliği ve Güvenirliği: Bir Metodolojik Çalışma
Authors: Bal Betul , Köroğlu Kaba Nagihan , Öztürk Havva
Published: June 2024

Amaç: Araştırmada Klinik Muhakeme Ölçeğinin Türkçe ’ye uyarlanarak hemşirelik öğrencilerinde geçerlik ve güvenirliğinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntemler: Metodolojik bir araştırma olan çalışma, İç Anadolu Bölgesinde bulunan bir üniversitedeki 271 hemşirelik öğrencisi ile yürütülmüştür. Veriler, Kişisel Bilgi Formu ve taslak halindeki ‘Klinik Muhakeme Ölçeği’ ile toplanmıştır. Ölçeğin dil ve kapsam geçerliği yapıldıktan sonra yapı geçerliği doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile sağlanmıştır. Ölçeğin güvenirliği için Cronbach Alpha, madde-toplam korelasyonları, ayırt edicilik ve test-tekrar test yöntemleri kullanılmıştır.

Bulgular: Klinik Muhakeme Ölçeğinin klinik ipuçlarının farkındalığı, klinik sorunların doğrulanması, eylemlerin belirlenmesi ve uygulanması, değerlendirme ve yansıtma olmak üzere 4 alt boyutu ve toplam 16 maddelik yapısına ilişkin uyum indeksleri 0,90’ın üzerindedir ve bu sonuçlara göre ölçeğin yapısı geçerli kabul edilmiştir. Alt boyutların ortalama açıklanan varyansı 0,476-0,579, bileşik güvenirlik ise 0,778-0,854 arasındadır. Ölçeğin toplamda Cronbach Alpha’sı 0,92’dir. Ölçeğinin Alt %27 ile Üst %27 grupları arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunmaktadır ve test-tekrar test korelasyon katsayısı 0,902 olarak hesaplanmıştır.

Sonuç: Klinik Muhakeme Ölçeğinin 16 madde ve 4 alt boyut ile hemşirelik öğrencilerinde klinik muhakeme düzeyinin belirlenmesinde kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Evaluation of Suicide in Nursing Students from The Perspective of Meaning of Life and Hope
Authors: Cetın Nurdan , Uslu Esra , Kendirkıran Gülcan
Published: June 2024

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effect of meaning in life and hope on suicide probability in nursing students.

Methods: A descriptive and correlational design was used. The sample of the study consisted of 266 nursing students from April 2020-June 2020. Data collected with “the Suicide Probability Scale”, “The Meaning in Life Questionnaire”, and “The Hope Scale”.

Results: Students' suicide probability score is 73.6±19.5. Low levels of meaning in life (β=-0.216, P<.001), low levels of hope (β=-0.273, P<.001), inadequate social support (β=0.302, P<.001), low level of perceived academic success (β=-0.121, p=0.003) and previous suicidal ideation (β=0.352, P<.001), using psychiatric medication (β=0.123, P=.011) increased the probability of suicide.

Conclusion: This study revealed that the probability of suicide among nursing students is above the average and that meaning in life, hope and different variables affect the process. The results underline the necessity of evaluating the suicide risk in nursing students with a holistic approach and taking protective measures.
Women's Experiences of Decisions-Making on Embryo Cryopreservation and Conceptualization of Their Frozen Embryo
Authors: Şahiner Esra , Özçetin Elif , Boz İlkay
Published: June 2024

Objective: The aim of this research is to clarify the experiences of women in deciding on the Embryo Cryopreservation (EC) procedure and the meanings they attribute to their frozen embryos.

Methods: This study employed a descriptive phenomenological design and a thematic analysis approach rooted in Husserl’s philosophical perspective. Random sampling techniques and maximum diversity sampling methods were both utilized, with data collected between April and October 2021 via semi-structured, in-depth interviews.

Results: Following the analysis of the interviews, five themes and 10 sub-themes emerged. The themes were the following: ‘‘Decision-making pathways in embryo cryopreservation’’, ‘‘Motivators in the embryo cryopreservation process’’, ‘‘Reflections on embryo cryopreservation’’, ‘‘Conceptualization of the frozen embryo’’, and ‘‘Expectations from the healthcare system’’.

Conclusion: In this investigation, it was discovered that women expressed discomfort with embryo cryopreservation when decisions were solely made by doctors without adequate information about the process. Furthermore, it was found that women tend to hold a more positive perception of embryos as the quality of frozen embryos improves.
La vida buena, sus técnicas y sus figuraciones, Juan Pablo Pino-Posada y Andrés Vélez-Posada (Eds.), 2022, Universidad EAFIT, 217 p.
Authors: Zamudio-Mir María Camila
Published: July 2024

El libro La vida buena, sus técnicas y sus figuraciones presenta una serie de respuestas contemporáneas a una pregunta milenaria: ¿qué es la buena vida y cómo alcanzarla? Esta, como las grandes preguntas de la historia del pensamiento, continúa sin responderse y se renueva cada cierto tiempo para responder a los cambios éticos, culturales, políticos y económicos de las sociedades. De allí que las reflexiones contenidas en este volumen sean de gran relevancia para el debate actual sobre cómo entender la vida buena en un mundo diferente al que conocieron los pensadores antiguos y modernos: individualizado, acelerado, globalizado, altamente industrializado y dependiente de los avances de la tecnología.
Reflexiones en torno a la vida buena en el contexto del productivismo académico
Authors: Orrego Zuluaga Xiomara , Builes Roldán Isabella
Published: July 2024

Este artículo se inscribe en la discusión sobre el  productivismo académico y aporta una propuesta para una vida buena en la academia. Se entiende el  productivismo académico como la orientación de las labores académicas limitada a la rentabilidad y a los resultados tangibles que  lleva a su instrumentalización, automatización, y a distintos perjuicios éticos, sociales, de salud, entre otros. También, entendemos la vida buena en la academia como un estado de equilibrio entre las fuerzas y necesidades de quienes la componen, equilibrio disponible a actualizarse  constantemente. Se exponen los perjuicios que acarrea el productivismo académico, a propósito del cual se presenta una propuesta para favorecer la vida buena en la academia, retomando las perspectivas de la buena artesanía, el disfrute, la resonancia y el cuidado propio, de los otros y del mundo.
Thematic modeling and linguistic analysis of text messages from a social network for information and analytical support of logistics business
Authors: Borisova Ludmila , Kostyukevich Yury
Published: June 2024

In the modern economy, the success of a business is largely determined by the company’s ability to analyze consumer preferences, consumer attitudes towards the company’s products, as well as the ability to quickly respond to changing preferences or negative trends. Social listening is a technology for analyzing conversations, text messages and any kind of mention of a company, its products or brand. Currently, it is most effective to carry out social listening by monitoring social networks (VKontakte, etc.), which are the largest sources of text messages from millions of users. The purpose of this work is to analyze the practices of using social listening technology, as well as common approaches to the use of social networks by domestic and foreign companies. Based on the specialized software developed by the authors, an analysis of more than 50 000 news reports published in 2021–2024 was carried out on companies of different levels and specialization. Using linguistic analysis of the corpus of text messages for various companies and sectors of the economy, the most common words were identified, thematic modeling was carried out, and the dynamics of news reports and their relationship with external factors were studied.
Adaptive control of transportation infrastructure in an urban environment using a real-coded genetic algorithm
Authors: Akopov Andranik , Zaripov Evgeny , Melnikov Alexey
Published: June 2024

The management of urban areas requires the development of an effective strategy for the evolution of transportation infrastructure to ensure the smooth flow of traffic and pedestrians. A crucial component of this infrastructure is the traffic light system, which plays a vital role in traffic control and traffic safety. Improving the efficiency of traffic control systems in intelligent transportation systems (ITS) has a significant impact on a city’s economy. As a result, the cost of fuel for road users can be reduced, and their level of social comfort can be improved, among other benefits. This paper proposes a novel approach to optimizing traffic flows in smart cities, based on the combined use of the genetic optimization algorithm and the ITS simulation model we developed. The proposed method aims to enhance the efficiency of existing traffic control systems and achieve optimal traffic flow patterns, thereby contributing to a more sustainable and efficient urban environment. The optimization algorithm shown here aggregates the objective functions using a simulation model of a real region of the Moscow road network. The model includes intersections, pedestrian crossings and other features that are implemented in the AnyLogic system. The research aims to create a decision-support system for managing urban transport infrastructure. This system will be used to optimize the duration of traffic light phases in order to minimize the time vehicles spend passing through key nodes in the urban road network. It will also optimize pedestrian flow, reducing the impact of traffic on the environment and improving fuel efficiency. By applying this approach, the capacity of the street network can be significantly increased. Additionally, the negative effects of traffic flow on the environment can be reduced by optimizing fuel use and reducing waiting times at intersections managed by traffic lights. The research methodology involves the development of a hybrid evolutionary search algorithm, the creation of a simulation model for transportation and pedestrian flows in the AnyLogic and a series of optimization experiments that demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach when applied to the modeling of complex urban transportation systems.
ABORDAGEM DA VIOLÊNCIA E VIOLÊNCIA INFANTIL NOS CURSOS DE GRADUAÇÃO EM ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Ferreira Santos Leidiene , Rodrigues Fernandes Rayanne , Bastoni da Silva Juliana , Silva de Sá Erika , Rezende Pacheco Leonora , Rosa Evangelista Danielle
Published: July 2024

Objetivo: identificar se as temáticas “violência” e “violência contra criança” são abordadas nos currículos dos cursos de graduação em Enfermagem no Brasil. Método: pesquisa documental, de corte transversal e descritivo, norteada pelos pressupostos Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology, em que foram analisadas matrizes curriculares e ementários de cursos de graduação em Enfermagem de Instituições de Ensino Superior localizadas nos Estados brasileiros e Distrito Federal. Resultados: 145 (100%) cursos de graduação em Enfermagem, no Brasil, são gratuitos, ofertados na modalidade presencial, de grau bacharelado, estão em atividade e com turmas iniciadas. Desses, 114 (78,6%) disponibilizam ementário em sítio eletrônico. Constatou-se que pouco mais da metade dos cursos 65 (57,2%) aborda a temática violência em suas disciplinas e menos de 20% (21) a violência contra criança. Conclusão: as temáticas violência e violência contra criança não são contempladas na maioria dos títulos e ementas das disciplinas dos cursos de graduação em Enfermagem gratuitos no Brasil.
K-12 TEACHERS’ PERCEIVED EXPERIENCES WITH DISTANCE EDUCATION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A META-SYNTHESIS STUDY
Authors: Kadirhan Zafer , Sat Mustafa
Published: July 2024

A sudden shift to distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkiye strained teaching and learning activities, placing K-12 teachers in a novel context with challenges and opportunities to investigate. This study explores the teaching experiences and opinions of K-12 teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on challenges, advantages, and suggestions. Search queries were executed in leading databases (DergiPark, ULAKBIM TRDizin) to locate potential studies. Twenty-two studies meeting the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria were subjected to a rigorous and iterative thematic analysis using the qualitative meta- synthesis approach. The results revealed significant challenges categorized into ten themes: shortcomings in technology and infrastructure, student motivation and engagement, technology literacy, and social and emotional well-being. The results also highlighted key advantages of distance education in eight categories such as learning improvement, flexibility and convenience, and digital tools and resources. Additionally, the study identified valuable suggestions that contribute to the success of distance education, such as adapting curriculum, increasing access to technology, strengthening internet infrastructure, providing teacher training and support, developing engaging and interactive instructional materials, and improving communication and collaboration between students and teachers. The study results inform the development of evidence- based practices and policies that can support K–12 teachers in providing quality online education during times of crisis.
AN EVALUATION OF THE MANAGERIAL CONTEXT FOR DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE CONTEXT OF OPEN EDUCATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Ugur Serap , Dincer Gokhan Deniz , Pasaoglu Bas Didem
Published: July 2024

This article examines the effects of technology in the field of education and management and focuses especially on the effects of technologies used in distance education activities on transformation processes. Based on research conducted, the article explains how technological developments affect education and management processes, according to the findings obtained as a result of the interviews. The technologies used in the digitalization processes of higher education institutions that provide distance education services and the effects of these technologies on the transformation processes were examined. How artificial intelligence, blockchain, metaverse, brain-computer interfaces and similar technologies can be used in education and organizational management processes and how this use affects management processes are discussed. Findings show that technological developments have profound effects on the processes in educational environments and transform management processes. As a result, the research emphasizes the need for further research and application to effectively use technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, and metaverse in education and management processes. It is stated that advances in this field can cause significant transformations in education and management.
DYNAMICS AND STRUCTURE OF WORLD SEABORNE TRADE IN 2009-2023: IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND UKRAINIAN WAR
Authors: Yakubovskiy Sergiy ,   Odesa I. I. Mechnikov National University, Odesa, Ukraine, Zaidman Grigoriy ,   Odesa I. I. Mechnikov National University, Odesa, Ukraine
Published: July 2024

This paper examines the dynamics and structural changes of the world seaborne trade for the period of 2009-2023 with a special focus on its vulnerability to such recent external shocks as the covid-19 pandemic outbreak and the Ukrainian war. Besides, the world seaborne trade is decomposed into major components – dry bulk trade, containerized trade and tanker trade. The volume of seaborne trade is considered in two different measurement units. The outcome of the analysis suggests that behavioral patterns of examined datasets coincide with minor differences. Over the period under examination the volume of the world seaborne trade measured in tonnes demonstrated a general upward trend, except for 2020 and 2022. Dry bulk and container seaborne trades experienced similar changes, while the world oil and chemical seaborne trade dropped in 2019 and 2020, after which recovered. As opposed to tonnes measurement, the dry bulk seaborne trade measured in tonne-miles was under negative growth regime only once in 2022. As to tanker trade measured in tonne-miles, it declined on a year-by-year basis throughout three consecutive years – 2019, 2020, 2021. It is ascertained that volumes of global seaborne trade faced short-term impacts of said external shocks, and recovery from sudden events and adjustment to changes in macroeconomic environment and shift of trade patterns took relatively low time (from 1 to 2 years max). It was confirmed that regardless of how the market was measured, the share of each segment was identical. While the percentage of fleet in number of ships was not representative, the percentage of fleet in deadweight tonnes, as well as the percentage of trade in tonnes and tonne-miles could equally truly describe the share of each market in the shipping industry. As for the end of 2023, dry bulk sector occupied around 45-48% of the shipping industry, containership segment – approximately 15%, and wet bulk (tanker) sector – around 26-30%. In addition, an observation is made that tonne of global seaborne trade per world fleet deadweight capacity tends to follow the downward trend mainly due to emission compliance-driven decrease of vessels’ speed and increase of average haul caused by trade patterns modifications, especially the most recent.
Log-Linear Model Analysis of Aftershock Sequences: A Review on the 6 February Earthquakes in Turkey
Authors: Altun Gokcen
Published: June 2024

Researchers have conducted numerous studies on earthquakes and aftershocks, some of which have utilized statistical analysis methods. However, there is no direct research examining the interaction between variables thought to influence aftershocks following major earthquakes. In this study, 2194 aftershocks with a magnitude of 3 or higher that occurred after two major earthquakes in Turkey on February 6, 2023 were analyzed using log-linear models with respect to variables such as depth, magnitude, time, and city. At the end of the study, all four primary variables - city, magnitude, depth, and time - were found to be statistically significant. Based on the parameter estimation values, it was found that the probability of aftershocks occurring in Malatya was 1.17 times greater than in Adıyaman, 2.82 times greater than in Gaziantep, and 1.38 times greater than in Hatay, while the probability of aftershocks occurring in Kahramanmaraş was 3 times greater than in Malatya. Thus, it can be said that the aftershocks are influenced by the center of the major earthquake. Additionally, it was found that the probability of aftershocks with a magnitude between 3 and 3.5 was 1.4 times greater than those with a magnitude of 4 or higher, and the probability of aftershocks with a depth of less than 10 kilometers was 2 times greater. We believe that the results of this study will provide information on aftershocks that occur after major earthquakes and will be helpful for future studies.
Инновационные методы преподавания курса «Проектирование» в вузе
Authors: Поласов Дмитрий Евгеньевич
Published: June 2024

В статье анализируются инновационные методики преподавания на примере курса «Проектирование». Автор приходит к выводу, что для решения различных задач преподавания творческих специальностей необходимо не только использовать современные информационные технологии, но и работать над повышением качества подготовки и мотивации обучающихся, в том числе путем установления доверительного общения между преподавателем и студентами.
Insights of Cannabinoid CBD: The Pharmacological Potential and Heterologous Expression
Authors: Pinto Ingrid Batista , Mantovani Cynthia , De Borba Danrley Ramires dos Santos , Salina Gabriela Beatriz , De Lima Dênis Pires , Beatriz Adilson
Published: June 2024

In this review, a thorough approach was taken to the therapeutic potential of CBD and the possibilities of heterologous expression for its synthesis. Synthesizes the most recent discoveries on the medicinal benefits of CBD, its mode of action, and different methodologies that aim to maximize CBD production using heterologous expression systems. This review contributes to increasing knowledge about the wide range of uses of CBD and its potential in industries, including biotechnology and medicine.
Artificial intelligence in traumatology and orthopedics. Reality, fantasy or false hopes?
Authors: Sereda Andrei P. , Dzhavadov Alisagib A. , Cherny Alexander A.
Published: July 2024

Background. In recent years, the topic of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine has been actively discussed not just as a promising solution but the one that can help to improve some results. A significant growth of interest in AI systems all over the world began in the early-mid 2010s, which allowed us to consider the practical application of such systems.
The aim of the study is to analyze all the software products (SP) registered in our country as a medical device, including those with AI technology, and to evaluate their applicability in traumatology and orthopedics.
Methods. The study included all the SP having a registration certificate of a medical device according to the OKPD2 code 58.29.XX.XXX (services for publishing other software). In the state register of medical devices and organizations (individual entrepreneurs), which is engaged in the production and manufacturing of medical devices, we found 111 registered SP according to the inclusion criterion, as at February 14, 2024.
Results. We proposed to categorize all registered SP as follows: systems working with the DICOM standard images (47 pcs, 42%), laboratory data (20 pcs, 18%), microscopy images (7 pcs, 6%), photographic images (5 pcs, 5%), medical information systems (4 pcs, 4%), text data mining systems (3 pcs, 3%), clinical decision support systems (3 pcs, 3%), Holter ECG analysis (2 pcs, 2%), other systems (16 pcs, 14%). Systems applicable to traumatology and orthopedics accounted for 4 pcs (4%).
Conclusions. Unfortunately, the real-world applicability of existing solutions in the field of traumatology and orthopedics can be regarded as minimal in comparison with pulmonology, oncology, and laboratory diagnostics, where AI programs have already achieved significant success.
Dead or alive — use of indocyanine green angiography for intraoperative assessment of bone vitality in nonunion fractures: a controlled case series of four patients
Authors: Malagoli Emiliano , Vandenbulcke Filippo , Ziadi Mosheer , Lucchesi Giovanni , Zini Stefania , Kirienko Alexander
Published: July 2024

Background. Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging is a surgical tool with increasing applications in various surgical disciplines. During nonunion resection, the assessment of bone vascularization is currently based only on the surgeon’s experience. We introduced the use of indocyanine green (ICG) angiography in orthopedics.
The aims of the study: 1) to use ICG fluorescence angiography to evaluate the bone perfusion in patients with atrophic nonunion, where poor or absent ICG flow reveals avascular tissue associated with bone necrosis requiring surgical resections; 2) to describe our case series of patients operated with this technique.
Methods. We used ICG angiography in patients operated for tibial nonunion resection. We administered 0.5 mg/kg of ICG powder dissolved in sterile saline at 2.5 mg/ml concentration. The time from the injection to the beginning of appreciation of the green dye was measured. Non-viable bone was resected accordingly. Patient underwent routine follow-up. We enrolled all the suitable patients operated from April 2019 to June 2021 and matched three control patients for each of them. We reviewed their medical records and noted any relevant data.
Results. We enrolled 4 cases and 12 controls, all male. The mean age was 30.8±6.9 years. The mean duration from trauma to surgery was 10.5 (0.7-25.0) months. The mean duration of surgery was 190.8±40.3 min. The defect size was 4.89±2.03 cm. ICG allowed rapid visualization of bone vascularization after 25-45 sec. No adverse events were observed. The mean external fixation time was 11.8±5.0 months. The mean external fixation index was 2.69±1.10. Seven patients needed a surgical revision during treatment. Three patients underwent reintervention after frame removal. There are no statistically significant differences between cases and controls.
Conclusions. The research findings of this study are limited by the small number of observations. However, this technique is safe, easy, and rapid and may contribute to intraoperative decision of how much to resect. Using ICG could objectively demonstrate bone perfusion to help surgeons to avoid massive bone defects.
In memory of Kristaps Juris Keggi — a foreign member of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Authors: Danilyak Vladimir V. , Dubrov Vadim E. , Abeltsev Vladimir P.
Published: July 2024

Kristaps Juris Keggi was born on August 9, 1934 in Riga in the family of surgeon Janis Keggi. In 1944, the family moved to Germany and then to the United States, where Kristaps received his medical education at Yale University. In 1966, he became an associate professor at the University’s Orthopaedic school and focused on hip and knee arthroplasty. In the 70s of the twentieth century, Kristaps Keggi developed direct anterior approach to the hip joint and started to do arthroplasty using a minimally invasive technique. Over the years, he performed more than 10,000 total hip replacements with his technology at hospitals in New Haven and Waterbury, Connecticut, and authored 135 scientific papers and monographs. In 1989, Kristaps became a Clinical professor of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation at Yale Medical School and in 2008 was elected a Full professor. During this time, he trained hundreds of residents and became the founder of his own orthopedic school. Keggi was known for a variety of innovative technologies that were widely used all over the world. In 1988, Keggi organized a non-profit Orthopedic Foundation to provide educational programs for official academic exchanges between the United States and the republics of the USSR. For 10 years, more than 300 doctors from Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, the Baltic States, Central Asia, Vietnam and East Germany have received scholarships and the opportunity to learn the basics of the hip and knee arthroplasties In parallel, he traveled to the clinics with lectures, seminars and demonstration surgeries. For outstanding services to national healthcare, in 1993 he was elected a Foreign Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences and, subsequently, the Russian Academy of Sciences. In 2012, Professor Keggi was awarded the silver medal “For Medical Dignity and Service to Russian Medicine”.
A brilliant surgeon, inventor, scientist and teacher, successful athlete, philanthropist, Kristaps Juris Keggi died on July 4, 2023, leaving in our hearts a feeling of deep respect and vivid impressions from communicating with him.
Diagnosis of diabetic polyneuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: focus on changes in peripheral nerves according to ultrasonic research method
Authors: Karaseva Zoya V. , Ametov Alexander S. , Saltykova Victoria G. , Pashkova Evgeniya Yu. , Kuznetsova Larisa V. , Yudina Ksenia G.
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Diabetic polyneuropathy remains a significant and urgent problem in the context of diabetes mellitus, affecting more than a quarter of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Currently, the method of peripheral nerve examination using ultrasound is gaining worldwide popularity. In the Russian Federation, however, it remains widely used only in some medical institutions.
The ultrasound method employs the indicator “nerve cross-sectional area” to diagnose this complication, exhibiting a high degree of sensitivity (93%) in comparison to magnetic resonance imaging data (67%). Foreign and Russian studies [3, 4] confirm the observed increase in the cross-sectional area of the nerve in patients with diabetes mellitus.
AIM: The study aimed to assess the diagnostic value of the ultrasound method of peripheral nerve examination in the detection of diabetic polyneuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Philips Epiq 7 ultrasonic diagnostic device (USA) with a linear transducer, operating at a frequency of 4–18 MHz, was used. The comparison group consisted of 30 volunteers. The main group comprised 25 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and confirmed diabetic polyneuropathy, as determined by electroneuromyography and physical examination methods.
The median cross-sectional area of the sciatic and common peroneal nerves in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy volunteers was calculated. The criterion for a difference in area values was calculated using the Mann-Whitney test.
RESULTS: The cross-sectional area thresholds were determined based on the 95th percentile of a cohort of healthy volunteers.
In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the following median nerve cross-sectional area values were found: for the sciatic nerve, 0.579 cm2 (at the gluteal crease) and 0.553 cm2 (2 cm proximal to the bifurcation); for the common peroneal nerve, 0.11 cm2 (1 cm distal to the bifurcation of the sciatic nerve) and 0.08 cm2 (at the level of the head of the fibula). In healthy volunteers, the values were as follows: for the sciatic nerve, 0.46 cm2 (at the gluteal crease) and 0.37 cm2 (2 cm proximal to the bifurcation); for the common peroneal nerve, 0.08 cm2 (1 cm distal to the bifurcation of the sciatic nerve) and 0.06 cm2 (at the level of the head of the fibula).
A significant difference was found between the control and target groups using the Mann-Whitney test (p 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic polyneuropathy, a significant increase in the cross-sectional area of the nerves of the lower extremities (sciatic and peroneal nerves) was revealed, which allows for the use of ultrasound as an additional method for the instrumental diagnosis of diabetic polyneuropathy. However, due to the small sample size, further study is required to confirm these findings.
Predicting atrial fibrillation in comorbid patients with arterial hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using laboratory research methods: a machine learning approach
Authors: Kazantseva Evgeniya V. , Ivannikov Aleksander A. , Tarzimanova Aida I. , Podzolkov Valeriy I.
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Arterial hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have a deleterious effect on the structure of the heart, leading to the development of atrial fibrillation, which remains the leading cause of cerebral stroke and premature death [1]. Consequently, the early identification of atrial fibrillation risk factors in patients with arterial hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is of paramount importance for the prevention of such conditions. This is why predictive cardiology employs machine learning methods, which are demonstrably superior to classical statistical methods of prediction [2–4].
AIM: The study aimed to develop a prognostic model of atrial fibrillation in comorbid patients with arterial hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on multilayer perceptron.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 419 patients treated at the University Clinical Hospital No. 4 of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University. Group 1 consisted of 91 (21.7%) patients with a verified diagnosis of atrial fibrillation, while Group 2 comprised 328 (78.3%) patients without atrial fibrillation. The random forest machine learning algorithm was used to identify predictors, which were then utilized to develop a neural network of the multilayer perceptron type. This consisted of two layers: an input layer of 12 neurons with the ReLU activation function and an output layer that receives input data from the previous layer and transmits them to one output with the sigmoid activation function. The threshold value, sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic efficiency of the obtained model were determined using receiver operating characteristic analysis with the calculation of the area under the curve (AUC).
RESULTS: By the first stage of prognostic model development, the most significant predictors of atrial fibrillation development were selected by the random forest machine learning algorithm. The model was developed using three variables: C-reactive protein concentration (odds ratio, OR 1.04; 95% confidence interval, CI 1.015–1.067; p=0.002), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (OR 1.04; 95% CI 1.019–1.069; p=0.002), and creatinine concentration (OR 1.03; 95% CI 1.011–1.042; p 0.001). These variables were used to train a multilayer perceptron model on a test sample for 500 epochs.
Following training, the developed model exhibited a sensitivity of 85%, a specificity of 80%, and a diagnostic efficiency of 79.6%. AUC amounted to 0.900.
CONCLUSIONS: The study resulted in the development of a prognostic model based on the application of machine learning methods, which exhibited favorable metrics. This model may be considered a valuable tool for clinical practice.
Classification of the presence of malignant lesions on mammogram using deep learning
Authors: Ibragimov Alisher A. , Senotrusova Sofya A. , Litvinov Arsenii A. , Beliaeva Aleksandra A. , Ushakov Egor N. , Markin Yury V.
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in women [1]. Regular mass screening with mammography plays a critical role in the early detection of changes in breast tissue. However, the early stages of pathology often go undetected and are difficult to diagnose [2].
Despite the effectiveness of mammography in reducing breast cancer mortality, manual image analysis can be time consuming and labor intensive. Therefore, attempts to automate this process, for example using computer-aided diagnosis systems, are relevant [3]. In recent years, however, solutions based on neural networks have gained increasing interest, especially in biology and medicine [4-6]. Technological advances using artificial intelligence have already demonstrated their effectiveness in pathology detection [7, 8].
AIM: The study aimed to develop an automated solution to detect breast cancer on mammograms.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The solution is implemented as follows: a deep neural network-based tool has been developed to obtain the probability of malignancy from the input image. A combined dataset from public datasets such as MIAS, CBIS-DDSM, INbreast, CMMD, KAU-BCMD, and VinDr-Mammo [9–14] was used to train the model.
RESULTS: The classification model, based on the EfficientNet-B3 architecture, achieved an area under the ROC curve of 0.95, a sensitivity of 0.88, and a specificity of 0.9 when tested on a sample from the combined dataset. The model’s high generalization ability, which is another advantage, was demonstrated by its ability to perform well on images from different datasets with varying data quality and acquisition regions. Furthermore, techniques such as image pre-cropping and augmentations during training were used to enhance the model's performance.
CONCLUSIONS: The experimental results demonstrated that the model is capable of accurately detecting malignancies with a high degree of confidence. The obtained high-quality metrics offer a significant potential for implementing this method in automated diagnostics, for instance, as an additional opinion for medical specialists.