bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of the Beta Coefficient in the Market of Direct residential Real Estate Investments
Authors: Wolski Rafał
Published: July 2014

The beta coefficient is one of the most popular indices used in contemporary finances. Despite the fact that there are justified doubts connected with its application, it is currently difficult to imagine a situation in which the cost of capital would be calculated without the use of the CAPM model. Thus, an attempt at answering the question whether and to what degree beta may be used in the real estate market constitutes an interesting problem. This is because on the one hand, the formal structure suggests that beta should not be used for assets which are not included in the benchmark but, on the other hand, such a benchmark should, at least theoretically, contain all market assets. Therefore, a decision was made to have a closer look at this issue, with the analysis of the possibility of using the beta coefficient in the residential real estate market set as the objective. Using the database of prices in the direct real estate investment created by the NBP, a comparison was conducted with regard to features of undertaken investments on the basis of an analysis of systematic risk calculated using selected indices available on the Polish market.
Clip reconstruction of a large right MCA bifurcation aneurysm. Case report
Authors: Giovani A. , Neacsu Angela , Gheorghiu Ana , Gorgan R.M.
Published: July 2014

We report a case of complex large middle cerebral artery (MCA) bifurcation aneurysm that ruptured during dissection from the very adherent MCA branches but was successfully clipped and the MCA bifurcation reconstructed using 4 Yasargill clips. Through a right pterional craniotomy the sylvian fissure was largely opened as to allow enough workspace for clipping the aneurysm and placing a temporary clip on M1. The pacient recovered very well after surgery and was discharged after 1 week with no neurological deficit. Complex MCA bifurcation aneurysms can be safely reconstructed using regular clips, without the need of using fenestrated clips or complex by-pass procedures.
What the Neurosurgeon needs to know about Cerebral Developmental Venous anomalies
Authors: Alvis-Miranda Hernando Raphael , Duarte-Valdivieso Nancy , Alcala-Cerra Gabriel , Calderon-Miranda Willem , Zenteno Marco , Lee Angel , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael
Published: July 2014

Venous Angiomas or Developmental venous anomalies (DVA) are extreme variations of normal transmedullary veins that are necessary for the drainage of white and gray matter, also are one type of cerebrovascular malformation (CVM), sharing category with capillary telangiectesias, cavernous malformations (CM), and arteriovenous malformations (AVM), each of which may also be associated with a DVA. DVA are the most commonly encountered CVM, accounting for up to 60% of all CVM. We present a review of the literatura
Vein of Galen malformation: What to do when vascular access is not feasible?
Authors: Zenteno Marco , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael , Santos-Franco Jorge , Lee Angel
Published: July 2014

Background: The vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (GVAM) is a rare congenital vascular lesion, with high morbidity and mortality without treatment, endovascular management is the best alternative available today.

Aim: The purpose of this work is to report the case of a female patient with imaginological and angiographical diagnosis of GVAM, which was difficult for endovascular managent alone, due to this was decided an alternative endovascular direct access guided by stereotactic assistance.

Case report: We report the case of an infant with imaging and angiographic diagnosis of GVAM, with absence of the vein access through classical embolization could be done, complicating and making difficult for endovascular management alone, hence was decided an alternative endovascular direct access guided by stereotactic assistance, ensuring total embolization of the lesion with coils. The patient progressed satisfactorily.

Discussion: VGAM generally represents only 1% or less of total cerebral vascular malformations, but in pediatrics may be as high as 30%. The malformation is occupying the subarachnoid space of the velum interpositum and the quadrigeminal cistern. It is characterized by the presence of the vein embryonic precursor of the vein of Galen, and abnormal arterial shunts from arteries normally developed but extremely dilated. Mortality rate is high in these patients without treatment, developing hydrocephalus and cerebral complications related to the occupying mass that could drive to epilepsy, serious cognitive sequelae, intracerebral emorrhage and death within the possibilities. Heart failure is often a common complication. To our knowledge this is the first report of the use of stereotactic assistance in the endovascular therapeutic management of VGAM. Conclusions: In cases where clasical venous access cannot be achieved as in the case we report, further technical assistance can be obtained with stereotactic guidance, making easier the procedure, remembering that without therapy, VGAM result in lifethreatening hydrocephalus and/or intracranial hemorrhage, rapidly driving to death.
Lumbosacral myelocystocele: A Case report
Authors: Mittal R.S. , Gupta Pankaj , Gandhi Ashok , Sharma Achal , Sharma Vinod , Kumar Varsha
Published: July 2014

Myelocystocele is a rare variety of spinal dysraphism that presents as a skin covered, midline, lumbosacral mass. Many a time it is associated with other congenital anomalies but isolated myelocystocele is rarely associated with neurological deficit. MRI is the modality of choice for preoperative diagnosis. A 3 years old female child presented with skin covered lumbosacral mass since birth. There was no associated neurological deficit. MRI revealed single cyst, which was continuous with central canal of spinal cord. Peroperatively, myelocystocele was found with tethering of cord. Untethering of cord and repair of myelocystocele was performed with uneventful recovery.
Effects of Limestone, Ash from Biomass and Compost Use on Chemical Properties of Soil
Authors: Gibczynska Marzena , Stankowski Slawomir , Hury Grzegorz , Kuglarz Krzysztof
Published: July 2014

The aim of this research was to assess the use of biomass ash for fertilisation of mineral soil. The study involves the analysis of the effects of biomass ash applied to soil on the changes of pH and the content of the available forms of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium as well as on total content of zinc, copper, manganese, nickel, cadmium and lead. The field experiment was conducted in 2013 in Duninowo near Ustka. In experiment grown two plants spring: Spring barley - var. Sebastian, and wheat - var. Bombona. The use of ash from biomass and Biotop compost as fertilisers did not result in any significant changes of soilpH. The use of ash from biomass and Biotop compost caused a significant increase in the contents of available phosphorus, potassium and magnesium in soil. The threshold values of the analysed trace elements in soil, as specified by the Regulation of the Minister of Environment, were not exceeded in any of the fertilising variants in the experiment.
Cutaneous Maniestations In HIV Positive Paediatric Patients
Authors: Ullal KR , Kondreddy B , Kuruvila M , Bhat K
Published: July 2014

Background: Over the past decade Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection has emerged as a major cause of severe illness and death in childhood in the United States and throughout the world. CD4 cell count and CD4 cell percentage are key markers for determining disease progress and the risk for opportunistic infection (OI) in HIV-infected patients. Objectives: This study was carried out to analyze the cutaneous manifestations in HIV positive paediatric patients and to correlate their pattern and severity with CD4 count. Material and Methods: This was a hospital based study wherein all HIV positive patients in the paediatric age group were screened for cutaneous manifestations over a period of two years, CD4 counts were estimated and their severity and atypical presentations were correlated with the CD4 counts. Results: Out of the 104 children included in this study, 93 had cutaneous manifestations. Transplacental was the commonest mode of transmission. There was a significant risk of Grade III malnutrition (p=0.03). Dermatological manifestations were present in all with CD4 count less than 200. The highest mean CD4 count was for bacterial infections and the lowest was for oral candidiasis. The mean CD4 count for fungal infection, oral candidiasis and xerosis were statistically significant (p=0.001, 0.002, 0.025 respectively) Conclusion: This study shows that the prevalence of mucocutaneous manifestations increases with advanced immunosuppression in pediatric age group and help in early recognition of the infection. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdvl.v12i1.10591 Nepal Journal of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprology Vol.12(1) 2014 pp.14-19
Pattern Of Skin Diseases In A Rural Village Development Community Of Nepal
Authors: Shrestha R , Shrestha DP , Lama L , Gurung D , Rosdahl I
Published: July 2014

Introduction: Skin diseases are a common cause of morbidity in Nepal as per the health services report. There is limited information on the prevalence and pattern of skin diseases in the community. The objective of this study was to determine the pattern of skin diseases in a rural village development community of Nepal. Materials and methods:  Two  dermatologic  health camps were conducted, during which, the villagers were examined by dermatologists. The skin diseases diagnosed were recorded in a proforma. Results: There were 433 individuals examined and 359 (male-47.9%; female-52.1%) had skin disease identified clinically (camp prevalence- 83%). The age of patients ranged from 1 to 80 years (mean-24.5; SD±15.9), with majority in the age group of 10-19 years. The most common skin disease category was eczemas (36.4%), followed by infections (28.4%), acne (22%), pigment disorders (34%) and urticaria (12.3%). Conclusion: Skin diseases were common in the community. The five most common Skin disease categories were eczemas, infections, acne and pigment disorders were the more common conditions. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdvl.v12i1.10595 Nepal Journal of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprology Vol.12(1) 2014 pp.41-44
Pachydermoperiostosis And An Eyelid Ptosis Associated With Spiky Keratoderma – An Unusual Presentation
Authors: Das S , Chakraborty S , Sarkar NS
Published: July 2014

Pachydermoperiostosis, ( PDP), a rare hereditary disorder that is characterized by digital clubbing, pachydermia, subperiosteal new bone formation, associated with pain, polyarthritis, cutis verticis gyrata, seborrhoea and hyperhidrosis.  It mainly presents due to disfiguring facial features, widening of the limbs and bone and joint pain. It affects male population predominantly and transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. There are many constant features associated with it as well as rarer features. Increased proliferation of the fibroblast and dysregulation of matrix protein play a central role in the pathogenesis of the disease.  They are diagnosed primarily on clinical and radiological grounds. Histopathology plays a supportive role in the diagnosis. Such a case has to be differentiated from several other conditions like acromegaly, neurofibroma,,myxedema, primary systemic amyloidosis as wel as from other causes of digital clubbing. The case which is described here is a complete form of  PDP which is a rare disease reported in Indian context and that too with the a rarer presentation of  spiky palmoplanter keratoderma and severe mechanical ptosis  leading to severe visual impairment which was corrected after surgical manipulation of the ptosis.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdvl.v12i1.10603 Nepal Journal of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprology Vol.12(1) 2014 pp.48-52
What Is Your Diagnosis?
Authors: Inakanti Y , Kumar S
Published: July 2014

Seborrhoeic keratosis is slow-growing, sharply demarcated tumour with a fissured or pitted surface.  Its surface may  have a thin greasy scale. It is benign tumour of external ear originating from proliferative epithelial cells. Its most common site ranges from the retro auricular region to the helical rim. We present a female patient aged 62 years with a localized solitary seborrhoeic keratosis of left ear. Report of Unusual case of seborrhoeic keratosis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdvl.v12i1.10605 Nepal Journal of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprology Vol.12(1) 2014 pp.56-59
Corrosion resistance of laser treated titanium alloy with B4C particles at the surface
Authors: Yilbas Bekir Sami , Toor Ihsan-ul-Haq , Malik Jahanzaib
Published: July 2014

Laser treatment of pre-prepared titanium alloy surface is carried out and electrochemical response of the treated surface is analyzed. B4C particles are located in a carbon film at the workpiece surface prior to the laser treatment process. Morphological and metallurgical changes are examined in the laser treated layer using analytical tools. Potentiodynamic tests are carried out to assess the corrosion rate of the treated surface. It is found that the laser treated surface is free from large-scale asperities such as large size cracks and cavities. Laser treatment significantly improved the corrosion resistance of the surface. The presence of B4C particles contributes to microhardness enhancement at the treated surface; however, the particles do not demonstrate any adverse effect on the corrosion resistance of the surface.
Inhibition properties and adsorption behavior of olive leaf extract on N80 carbon steel in CO2-saturated brine solution
Authors: Pustaj Gordana , Kapor Frankica , Kvasnička Predrag
Published: July 2014

The inhibition effect of olive leaf extract on corrosion of carbon steel in brine solutions saturated with CO2was investigated at 25 °C and 65 °C by means of Tafel polarization, weight loss measurements and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The experimental results reveal that the olive leaf extract has a good inhibition effect on the carbon steel in CO2-saturated brine solution at both temperatures. Tafel polarization investigations revealed that olive leaf extract acted as a mixed inhibitor showing anodic and cathodic behavior. The adsorption of olive leaf extract on carbon steel surface obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The adsorption thermodynamic parameters indicated the physisorption of olive leaf extract on carbon steel surface was a spontaneous and exothermic process with an increase in entropy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra showed types of bonding for olive leaf extract on the carbon steel surface.
Aggressive transsphenoidal resection of tumors invading the cavernous sinus in patients with acromegaly: predictive factors, strategies, and outcomes
Authors: Nishioka Hiroshi , Fukuhara Noriaki , Horiguchi Kentaro , Yamada Shozo
Published: July 2014

Object

Cavernous sinus (CS) invasion is the most important preoperative predictor of remission in the surgical treatment of growth hormone–producing pituitary adenomas. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an aggressive technique for removal of tumors invading the CS in patients with acromegaly.

Methods

The authors retrospectively reviewed the cases of 150 consecutive patients with acromegaly who underwent primary transsphenoidal surgery in 2010 and 2011. The authors reviewed preoperative Knosp grade, intraoperative findings, histology of the medial wall of the CS, and surgical outcome according to the current consensus criteria for acromegaly.

Results

Cavernous sinus invasion was identified in 55 patients (36.7%): definite CS involvement by the tumor was observed under direct vision in 41 patients (74.5%), while invasion was histologically verified in 39 patients (70.9%). Invasion increased in frequency with the higher Knosp grade but was observed in 14.4% (13 of 90) of Grade 0 and 1 tumors. Overall, the remission rate fulfilling stringent criteria was 84.7% (127 of 150). Although CS invasion was significantly associated with an unfavorable outcome (p < 0.0001), remission was achieved in 69.1% (38 of 55) of patients with invasion. No major complications occurred in this series.

Conclusions

Cavernous sinus invasion is the most significant, independent predictor of unfavorable outcome. Confirmation of invasion requires direct observation within the CS regardless of the microscope or endoscope used. Particularly in cases in which only the medial wall is involved, histological verification is always necessary to detect the occult invasion. Direct removal of the invading tumor, by sharp excision of the medial wall of the CS, is effective and safe and increases the chance of remission.
Bleeding propensity of cavernous malformations: impact of tight junction alterations on the occurrence of overt hematoma
Authors: Jakimovski Dejan , Schneider Hannah , Frei Karl , Kennes Lieven N. , Bertalanffy Helmut
Published: July 2014

Object

Endothelial tight junction (TJ) expression is mostly absent in cerebral cavernous malformations (CMs), which causes increased perilesional erythrocyte and fluid oozing. However, in a subset of CM lesions, foci of preserved TJ staining are observed along endothelial cell contacts. The clinical relevance of this finding is unclear. This study investigates the relevance of the focal TJ protein expression and its association with CM bleeding propensity.

Methods

Immunohistochemical staining for the TJ proteins claudin-5, occludin, and ZO-1 was performed on 32 CM specimens that were resected during 2008–2010. The patients were allocated to 2 groups according to TJ protein expression, and the clinical and radiological parameters of aggressiveness were analyzed and compared.

Results

Complete absence of TJ expression was identified in 20 specimens, and focal TJ protein expression in 12. CMs without TJ immunoreactivity were significantly larger (p = 0.022) and had a significantly greater propensity for development of frank hematomas (p = 0.028) and perilesional edema (p = 0.013). Symptom severity, multiplicity, developmental venous anomaly (DVA) presence, and CM location did not show a significant difference depending on TJ expression.

Conclusions

In a univariate analysis the authors observed significantly less propensity for frank hematomas and perilesional edema as well as smaller size in CM lesions with focal TJ expression compared with CMs without TJ expression. The observed difference in TJ protein expression might be the reason for differences in bleeding propensity of the CM lesions. Although this finding cannot be used in predictive manner at this time, it is a basis for further multivariate analyses of possible CM biological predictors.
High-dose methotrexate monotherapy followed by radiation for CD30-positive, anaplastic lymphoma kinase-1–positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma in the brain of a child
Authors: Furuya Kazuhide , Takanashi Shigehiko , Ogawa Akiko , Takahashi Yoshihisa , Nakagomi Tadayoshi
Published: July 2014

The authors report the case of an 11-year-old immunocompetent boy with primary CNS CD30-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) that was also positive for anaplastic lymphoma kinase-1. His initial clinical manifestation was acute meningitis of unknown etiology. Findings on CT scanning were normal. Although he received empirical treatment against infection, his systemic and neurological status deteriorated. Subsequent MRI revealed newly emerged enhanced lesions and concomitant edema in the left parietal lobe. Diagnosis was confirmed following a brain biopsy and immunohistochemical staining. Three courses of systemic high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) treatment with 2-week intervals was started, followed by whole-brain radiation. His clinical course improved, and he has remained disease-free for more than 8 years without any additional treatment. Because ALCL originating in the brain is extremely rare and difficult to diagnose, no standard treatment has been established. This report suggests that systemic HD-MTX monotherapy can be an effective and worthwhile tailored therapeutic option for pediatric primary CNS ALCL.
Cervical osteophyte resulting in compression of the jugular foramen
Authors: Le Andrew Q. , Walcott Brian P. , Redjal Navid , Coumans Jean-Valery
Published: July 2014

Jugular foramen syndrome is a condition characterized by unilateral paresis of cranial nerves IX, X, and XI in the setting of extrinsic compression. Here, the authors describe the case of a giant cervical osteophyte resulting in compression of the jugular foramen. A 74-year-old man who presented with progressive dysphagia and dysarthria was found to have right-sided tongue deviation, left palatal droop, and hypophonia. His dysphagia had progressed to the point that he had lost 25 kg over a 4-month period, necessitating a gastrostomy to maintain adequate nutrition. He underwent extensive workup for his dysphagia with several normal radiographic studies. Ultimately, CT scanning and postcontrast MRI revealed a posterior osteophyte arising from the C1–2 joint space and projecting into the right jugular foramen. This resulted in a jugular foramen syndrome in addition to delayed filling of the patient's right internal jugular vein distal to the osteophyte. Although rare, a posterior cervical osteophyte should be considered in cases of jugular foramen syndrome.
Naughty Realism: The Britishness of British Hardcore R18s
Authors: Hunter I. Q.
Published: July 2014

This article offers a history of and a context for videos and DVDs rated as R18 in the United Kingdom. These contain hardcore pornographic material (albeit subject to certain restrictions) and are allowed to be sold only in licensed sex shops. As well as explaining changes in legislation and in censorship practices that allowed the sale of hardcore pornography at R18 after 2000, it explores whether British-produced R18s have a distinctive approach, style and ideology, and tentatively suggests that they share a carnivalesque style of ‘naughty realism’ which is similar to that found in British sexploitation films of the 1970s. The article concludes by describing and analysing the films of two British porn ‘auteurs’, Lindsay Honey (‘Ben Dover’) and Anna Arrowsmith (‘Anna Span’), and reflecting on the potential obsolesence of the R18 in the age of online pornography.
Promoting Second Generation Biofuels: Does the First Generation Pave the Road?
Authors: Eggert Hakan , Greaker Mads
Published: July 2014

The U.S., Brazil and a number of European and other countries worldwide have introduced various support schemes for bioethanol and biodiesel. The advantage of these biofuels is that they are relatively easily integrated with the current fossil fuel-based transport sector, at least up to a certain point. However, recent studies point to various negative effects of expanding the production of first generation (1G) biofuels further. 1G biofuels’ problems can be overcome by a transition to second generation (2G) biofuels. So far, 2G biofuels are much more costly to produce. We therefore ask: to what extent is targeted support to 2G biofuels likely to bring costs down? Additionally, are current support schemes for biofuels well designed in order to promote the development of 2G biofuels? We find that the prospects for cost reduction look better for 2G bioethanol than for 2G biodiesel. Bioethanol made from cellulose is far from a ripe technology, with several cost-reducing opportunities yet to be developed. Hence, targeted support to cellulosic ethanol might induce a switch from 1G to 2G biofuels. However, we find little evidence that production and use of 1G bioethanol will bridge the conversion to 2G bioethanol. Hence, to the extent that private investment in the development of 2G bioethanol is too low, current support schemes for 1G biofuels may block 2G bioethanol instead of promoting it.
Home and Health in the Third Age — Methodological Background and Descriptive Findings
Authors: Kylén Maya , Ekström Henrik , Haak Maria , Elmståhl Sölve , Iwarsson Susanne
Published: July 2014

Background: The understanding of the complex relationship between the home environment, well-being and daily functioning in the third age is currently weak. The aim of this paper is to present the methodological background of the Home and Health in the Third Age Study, and describe a sample of men and women in relation to their home and health situation. Methods and Design: The study sample included 371 people aged 67–70, living in ordinary housing in the south of Sweden. Structured interviews and observations were conducted to collect data about objective and perceived aspects of home and health. Results: The majority of the participants were in good health and had few functional limitations. Women had more functional limitations and reported more symptoms than men. Environmental barriers were found in every home investigated; the most were found in the kitchen and hygiene area. Environmental barriers were more common in multi-family than in one-family dwellings. Discussion: This study will increase our knowledge on home and health dynamics among people in the third age. The results have potential to contribute to societal planning related to housing provision, home care and social services for senior citizens.
Indoor Air Quality in Brazilian Universities
Authors: Jurado Sonia , Bankoff Antônia , Sanchez Andrea
Published: July 2014

This study evaluated the indoor air quality in Brazilian universities by comparing thirty air-conditioned (AC) (n = 15) and naturally ventilated (NV) (n = 15) classrooms. The parameters of interest were indoor carbon dioxide (CO2), temperature, relative humidity (RH), wind speed, viable mold, and airborne dust levels. The NV rooms had larger concentration of mold than the AC rooms (1001.30 ± 125.16 and 367.00 ± 88.13 cfu/m3, respectively). The average indoor airborne dust concentration exceeded the Brazilian standards (<80 µg/m3) in both NV and AC classrooms. The levels of CO2 in the AC rooms were significantly different from the NV rooms (1433.62 ± 252.80 and 520.12 ± 37.25 ppm, respectively). The indoor air quality in Brazilian university classrooms affects the health of students. Therefore, indoor air pollution needs to be considered as an important public health problem.
Development of an Intergeneric Conjugal Transfer System for Xinaomycins-Producing Streptomyces noursei Xinao-4
Authors: Sun Feng-Hui , Luo Di , Shu Dan , Zhong Juan , Tan Hong
Published: July 2014

To introduce DNA into Streptomyces noursei xinao-4, which produces xinaomycins, we explored an intergeneric conjugal transfer system. High efficiency of conjugation (8 × 10−3 exconjugants per recipient) was obtained when spores of S. noursei xinao-4 were heat-shocked at 50 °C for 10 min, mixed with Escherichia coli ET12567 (pUZ8002/pSET152) in the ratio of 1:100, plated on 2CMY medium containing 40 mmol/L MgCl2, and incubated at 30 °C for 22 h. With this protocol, the plasmids pKC1139 and pSET152 were successfully transferred from E. coli ET12567 (pUZ8002) with different frequencies. Among all parameters, the ratio of donor to recipient cell number had the strongest effect on the transformation efficiency. In order to validate the above intergeneric conjugal transfer system, a glycosyltransferase gene was cloned and efficiently knocked out in S. noursei xinao-4 using pSG5-based plasmid pKC1139.
Association between STAT4 Gene Polymorphisms and Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases in a Chinese Population
Authors: Yan Ni , Meng Shuai , Zhou Jiaozhen , Xu Jian , Muhali Fatuma , Jiang Wenjuan , Shi Liangfeng , Shi Xiaohong , Zhang Jinan
Published: July 2014

The STAT4 gene encodes a transcriptional factor that transmits signals induced by several key cytokines which play important roles in the development of autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to explore the association of STAT4 polymorphism with Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT). A total of 1048 autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) patients (693 with GD and 355 with HT) and 909 age- and gender-matched controls were examined. STAT4 polymorphisms (rs7574865/rs10181656/ rs7572482) were genotyped by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and ligase detection reaction (LDR). The results indicated that the frequencies of rs7574865 genotypes in patients with GD differed significantly from the controls (p = 0.028), the T allele frequency of GD patients was also significantly higher than the controls (p = 0.020). The genotypes of rs10181656 differed significantly in GD patients from controls (p = 0.012); G allele frequencies were significantly higher in AITD patients than the controls (p = 0.014 and 0.031, respectively). The frequencies of haplotype GC with GD and HT patients were significantly lower than their controls (p = 0.015 and 0.030, respectively). In contrast, the frequencies of haplotype TG with GD and HT patients were significantly higher than their controls (p = 0.016 and 0.048, respectively). These findings strongly suggest that STAT4 rs7574865/rs10181656 polymorphisms increase the risk of AITD in a Chinese population.
Challenges, Applications, and Recent Advances of Protein-Ligand Docking in Structure-Based Drug Design
Authors: Grinter Sam , Zou Xiaoqin
Published: July 2014

The docking methods used in structure-based virtual database screening offer the ability to quickly and cheaply estimate the affinity and binding mode of a ligand for the protein receptor of interest, such as a drug target. These methods can be used to enrich a database of compounds, so that more compounds that are subsequently experimentally tested are found to be pharmaceutically interesting. In addition, like all virtual screening methods used for drug design, structure-based virtual screening can focus on curated libraries of synthesizable compounds, helping to reduce the expense of subsequent experimental verification. In this review, we introduce the protein-ligand docking methods used for structure-based drug design and other biological applications. We discuss the fundamental challenges facing these methods and some of the current methodological topics of interest. We also discuss the main approaches for applying protein-ligand docking methods. We end with a discussion of the challenging aspects of evaluating or benchmarking the accuracy of docking methods for their improvement, and discuss future directions.
IMU and Multiple RGB-D Camera Fusion for Assisting Indoor Stop-and-Go 3D Terrestrial Laser Scanning
Authors: Chow Jacky , Lichti Derek , Hol Jeroen , Bellusci Giovanni , Luinge Henk
Published: July 2014

Autonomous Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is an important topic in many engineering fields. Since stop-and-go systems are typically slow and full-kinematic systems may lack accuracy and integrity, this paper presents a novel hybrid “continuous stop-and-go” mobile mapping system called Scannect. A 3D terrestrial LiDAR system is integrated with a MEMS IMU and two Microsoft Kinect sensors to map indoor urban environments. The Kinects’ depth maps were processed using a new point-to-plane ICP that minimizes the reprojection error of the infrared camera and projector pair in an implicit iterative extended Kalman filter (IEKF). A new formulation of the 5-point visual odometry method is tightly coupled in the implicit IEKF without increasing the dimensions of the state space. The Scannect can map and navigate in areas with textureless walls and provides an effective means for mapping large areas with lots of occlusions. Mapping long corridors (total travel distance of 120 m) took approximately 30 minutes and achieved a Mean Radial Spherical Error of 17 cm before smoothing or global optimization.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Mg2+-Selective Fluorescent Probe
Authors: Yu Chunwei , Fu Qiongyao , Zhang Jun
Published: July 2014

A new Mg2+-selective fluorescent probe P was synthesized and characterized. With optimal conditions, the proposed probe P showed good selectivity to Mg2+ compared to other common metal ions, and worked in a wide linear range of 5.0 × 10−7–6.0 × 10−6 M with a detection limit of 1.7 × 10−7 M Mg2+ in ethanol-water solution (9:1, v/v, 20 mM HEPES, pH = 10.0).
Sequence‐related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers: A potential resource for studies in plant molecular biology1
Authors: Robarts Daniel W. H. , Wolfe Andrea D.
Published: July 2014

In the past few decades, many investigations in the field of plant biology have employed selectively neutral, multilocus, dominant markers such as inter‐simple sequence repeat (ISSR), random‐amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) to address hypotheses at lower taxonomic levels. More recently, sequence‐related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers have been developed, which are used to amplify coding regions of DNA with primers targeting open reading frames. These markers have proven to be robust and highly variable, on par with AFLP, and are attained through a significantly less technically demanding process. SRAP markers have been used primarily for agronomic and horticultural purposes, developing quantitative trait loci in advanced hybrids and assessing genetic diversity of large germplasm collections. Here, we suggest that SRAP markers should be employed for research addressing hypotheses in plant systematics, biogeography, conservation, ecology, and beyond. We provide an overview of the SRAP literature to date, review descriptive statistics of SRAP markers in a subset of 171 publications, and present relevant case studies to demonstrate the applicability of SRAP markers to the diverse field of plant biology. Results of these selected works indicate that SRAP markers have the potential to enhance the current suite of molecular tools in a diversity of fields by providing an easy‐to‐use, highly variable marker with inherent biological significance.
Intraindividual Capsular Bag Shrinkage Comparing Standard and Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery
Authors: Dick H. Burkhard , Conrad-Hengerer Ina , Schultz Tim
Published: July 2014

PURPOSE:

To examine the dynamics of capsular bag changes over 3 months of healing after standard cataract surgery and laser-assisted cataract surgery.

METHODS:

One hundred six eyes of 53 patients with visually significant cataracts were treated with laser-assisted cataract surgery in one eye and standard phacoemulsification in the other. A capsular measuring ring was implanted in both eyes and effective phacoemulsification time was recorded. Capsular bag diameter was measured at six time points within 3 months of follow-up. Intraindividual capsular bag shrinkage was calculated.

RESULTS:

The laser group required less ultrasound energy to remove the softened nucleus than the standard group (effective phacoemulsification time: 0.03 vs 1.25 sec;
P
< .005). The laser group had statistically significantly less capsular bag shrinkage than the standard group at all time points from 1 to 3 months (
P
< .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Lens position changes within 3 months postoperatively may be lessened with laser-assisted cataract surgery in comparison to standard phacoemulsification due the decreased capsular bag shrinkage during this period. A tendency toward earlier stabilization of the capsular bag diameter with laser-assisted cataract surgery provides potential for more predictable effective lens position and intraocular lens power calculations.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(4):228–233.]
Piggyback Intraocular Lens Implantation to Correct Pseudophakic Refractive Error After Segmental Multifocal Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors: Venter Jan A. , Oberholster Andre , Schallhorn Steven C. , Pelouskova Martina
Published: July 2014

PURPOSE:

To evaluate refractive and visual outcomes of secondary piggyback intraocular lens implantation in patients diagnosed as having residual ametropia following segmental multifocal lens implantation.

METHODS:

Data of 80 pseudophakic eyes with ametropia that underwent Sulcoflex aspheric 653L intraocular lens implantation (Rayner Intraocular Lenses Ltd., East Sussex, United Kingdom) to correct residual refractive error were analyzed. All eyes previously had in-the-bag zonal refractive multifocal intraocular lens implantation (Lentis Mplus MF30, models LS-312 and LS-313; Oculentis GmbH, Berlin, Germany) and required residual refractive error correction. Outcome measurements included uncorrected distance visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity, uncorrected near visual acuity, distance-corrected near visual acuity, manifest refraction, and complications. One-year data are presented in this study.

RESULTS:

The mean spherical equivalent ranged from −1.75 to +3.25 diopters (D) preoperatively (mean: +0.58 ± 1.15 D) and reduced to −1.25 to +0.50 D (mean: −0.14 ± 0.28 D;
P
< .01). Postoperatively, 93.8% of eyes were within ±0.50 D and 98.8% were within ±1.00 D of emmetropia. The mean uncorrected distance visual acuity improved significantly from 0.28 ± 0.16 to 0.01 ± 0.10 logMAR and 78.8% of eyes achieved 6/6 (Snellen 20/20) or better postoperatively. The mean uncorrected near visual acuity changed from 0.43 ± 0.28 to 0.19 ± 0.15 logMAR. There was no significant change in corrected distance visual acuity or distance-corrected near visual acuity. No serious intraoperative or postoperative complications requiring secondary intraocular lens removal occurred.

CONCLUSIONS:

Sulcoflex lenses proved to be a predictable and safe option for correcting residual refractive error in patients diagnosed as having pseudophakia.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(4):234–239.]
Off the beaten track: An exploration of Bach reception in the Slovenian lands in the nineteenth century
Authors: Kovačević Tanja
Published: July 2014

Evidence of the presence of J. S. Bach in the Slovenian lands in the first half of the nineteenth century is limited to a few fleeting references to his name in contemporary periodicals. This article examines the role of the composer Anton Foerster and his Czech roots in the Slovenian Bach awakening through a detailed discussion of two manuscripts containing copies of Bach’s keyboard works, which accompanied the composer on his journey from Bohemia to Ljubljana. The manuscripts are housed in the National and University Library, Ljubljana.
Dragotin Cvetko kot utemeljitelj slovenske muzikologije
Authors: Klemenčič Ivan
Published: July 2014

Akademik dr. Dragotin Cvetko je utemeljitelj slovenske muzikologije v dvojnem smislu. Znanstveno je po drugi vojni prispeval temeljna zgodovinska dela o slovenski glasbi. Institucionalno je uresničil samostojen študij muzikologije na univerzitetni ravni in raziskave predvsem slovenske glasbe v za to ustanovljenem inštitutu. Mednarodno je sodil med vodilne muzikologe.
Slovene music in a European context: the international activities of Dragotin Cvetko
Authors: O'Loughlin Niall
Published: July 2014

Dragotin Cvetko developed musicology in Slovenia writing articles, books, producing editions and attending international conferences. He trained scholars to contribute to foreign conferences and journals. Thus Slovenia became established on the international musicological stage.
Missa Je ne menge point de porc: nekaj misli ob Lassovi uporabi Sermisyjeve šansone
Authors: Grabnar Klemen
Published: July 2014

Glasba Orlanda di Lassa (1530/1532–1594) je bila v drugi polovici 16. in začetku 17. stoletja po Evropi izjemno razširjena. Nekaj njegovih izvirnih tiskov in prepisov njegovih del se je do danes ohranilo tudi v slovenskih knjižnicah. Med njimi je v dveh rokopisnih prepisih delno ohranjena zgodnja parodična maša Je ne menge point de porc, osnovana na istoimenski šansoni Claudina de Sermisyja (ok. 1490–1562). Maša je zanimiva zlasti zaradi uporabe popolnoma posvetne šansone. Razlogi za njeno rabo bi lahko bili različni, med njimi sta vzpostavitev vsebinske povezave med predlogo in mašo ter glasbena prikladnost predloge za snovanje kratke maše.
Ein System für mittelalterliche Musikhandschriften?
Authors: Flotzinger Rudolf
Published: July 2014

Our comfort with and fashionable orientation towards other disciplines – even the natural sciences – can induce us to think about a similar system for classifying medieval music manuscripts. However, only a completely impersonal narrative of manuscript history from their beginnings to the end of the Middle Ages, as given here, can convincingly show that artificial oppositional models force too many viewpoints into one system and are unsuccessful in matters of such complexity. The priority in classifying and describing different types of manuscripts must therefore most probably remain with the traditional principles that were to serve contemporary users and have been preserved in the research history. Therefore there is no reason to turn away from them.
Toward a Possible Origin of the “Missale romano–spalatense”: Budapest, National Széchényi Library, Codex clmae 334
Authors: Breko Kustura Hana
Published: July 2014

The codex known as the Missale romano–spalatense kept in Budapest is a Roman missal that was used by Dominicans in Dalmatia. It is important as a source for the Korčulanske glose (Korčula Marginalia) and the Korčulanski lekcionar (Korčula Lectionary) in Croatian. The author develops some new arguments for its possible provenance. Based on comparative research on significant saints’ names from Zadar – Simeon, Anastasia, and Chrysogonus – and the presence of the mass for Louis the Great, the author hints that the Zadar area is potentially a place where the manuscript might have been in liturgical use.
The Identification of Quem Non Prevalent in Klosterneuburg, Augustiner-Chorherrenstift – Bibliothek, 1013
Authors: Lacoste Debra
Published: July 2014

Of the thirty-six occurrences of responsory tropes in the eight earliest Klosterneuburg antiphoners, Quem non prevalent is found only once, in A-KN 1013. Its placement apart from its host responsory and the lack of rubrics have masked its usage, but an analysis of its melodic and textual features clarifies its purpose.
“Secundum rubricam romanam”: Reform Liturgy of Subiaco-Melk
Authors: Klugseder Robert
Published: July 2014

The “Melk Reform” refers to the revival of the Benedictine order in southern Germany and Austria which had Melk as its centre, and came about as a result of the Council of Constance (1414–1418). The reform statutes emphasize strict adherence to the rules of the order, monastic discipline and liturgical renovation. The “Melk Reform chant” represents a variant of the Roman Franciscan chant tradition.
Perzeption und Rezeption des Gregorianischen Chorals von seiner Restauration bis heute
Authors: Engels Stefan
Published: July 2014

The perception and reception of Gregorian chant has experienced a fundamental change since the mid-nineteenth century. Plainsong was no longer a pure liturgical chant in the Catholic rite, but a chant for all people. In addition to its liturgical aspect, Gregorian chant now represents the concepts of “archaic” and “mystic” and is increasingly independent from the liturgical context. Economic aspects are also relevant to this process. However, Gregorian chant has never entirely lost its link to its origins in the medieval liturgy.
Efficient and Stable Numerical Methods for Multi-Term Time Fractional Sub-Diffusion Equations
Authors: Ren Jincheng , Sun Zhi-zhong
Published: July 2014

Some efficient numerical schemes are proposed for solving one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) multi-term time fractional sub-diffusion equations, combining the compact difference approach for the spatial discretisation and L1 approximation for the multi-term time Caputo fractional derivatives. The stability and convergence of these difference schemes are theoretically established. Several numerical examples are implemented, testifying to their efficiency and confirming their convergence order.
An Efficient Algorithm to Construct an Orthonormal Basis for the Extended Krylov Subspace
Authors: Imakura Akira
Published: July 2014

Subspace projection methods based on the Krylov subspace using powers of a matrixAhave often been standard for solving large matrix computations in many areas of application. Recently, projection methods based on the extended Krylov subspace using powers ofAandA−1have attracted attention, particularly for functions of a matrix times a vector and matrix equations. In this article, we propose an efficient algorithm for constructing an orthonormal basis for the extended Krylov subspace. Numerical experiments indicate that this algorithm has less computational cost and approximately the same accuracy as the traditional algorithm.
Introduction
Authors: ROŠKER Jana S.
Published: July 2014

No abstract
What’s Wrong with the Study of China/Countries
Authors: KUIJPER Hans
Published: July 2014

In this paper the thesis is submitted that there is something fundamentally amiss in Western Sinology (Zhōngguóxué, as distinct from Hànxué, which is a kind of old-fashioned philology): ‘China experts’ either pretend to be knowledgeable about everything related to China, in which case they cannot be taken seriously, or–– eventually––admit not to be scientific all-rounders with respect to the country, in which case they cannot be called ‘China experts’. The author expects no tenured professor of Chinese Studies/History to share this view. Having exposed the weakness, indeed the scandal of old-style Sinology, he also points out the way junior Sinologists should go. The fork in that road is two-pronged: translating or collaborating.
Confucianism vs. Modernity: Expired, Incompatible or Remedial?
Authors: SIGURÐSSON Geir
Published: July 2014

This paper is an exploration of the reappraisal that has been taking place since the 1980s of Confucianism’s suitability for a modernized society. The first section focuses in particular on the discussion that took place in Singapore on Confucianism as a stimulant for economic activity, arguing that it was first and foremost a politically motivated attempt to establish Confucianism as a convenient ideology. I then move to a discussion of recent attempts to rehabilitate Confucianism in the PRC. In the final section, I suggest how Confucianism can be a healthy antidote to some of the ills produced by contemporary capitalist practice.
The Unity of Body and Mind in Xu Fuguan’s Theory
Authors: SERNELJ Tea
Published: July 2014

The present article deals with the philosophical theory and epistemological methodology of the Modern Confucian Xu Fuguan (1903–1982), a significant Taiwanese philosopher of the 20th century whose theoretical contributions are in the center of academic interests in China and Taiwan, though almost completely unexplored in the West. The article’s main focus is on Xu’s interpretation of the concepts of bodily recognition and the creative potential qi that are forming the basis of the unification of body and mind as a fundamental method of traditional Chinese perception of reality. For Xu Fuguan, this unification represented the proper way to achieve the awareness of the Moral Self and to thoroughly act in accordance with humanness (ren).
Filial Piety (xiao 孝) for the Contemporary and Global World
Authors: POŠKAITĖ Loreta
Published: July 2014

The relationships between children and parents seem to be one of the most urgent issues in the contemporary world, spanning from the United States and European countries to East Asian societies, as a consequence of the transformation of traditional family ethics, values and institutions brought about by the processes of modernization and globalization. The present paper aims to reveal the ways and problems of the application of xiao 孝 (filial piety) ethics in the contemporary Western and Chinese societies, as reflected in the works by a number of famous Western Protestant missionaries, religious philosophers, sinologists and present-day Lithuanian Sinology students, and counterbalance their views with the insights of contemporary Chinese sociologists. The place of xiao in the contemporary inter-cultural dialogue will be discussed from the point of view of dialogue between religions, theory and practice, Western and Chinese culture, traditional and modern societies and values.