bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2’,3’‐Protected Nucleotides as Building Blocks for Enzymatic de novo RNA Synthesis
Authors: Pichon Maëva , Levi‐Acobas Fabienne , Kitoun Camélia , Hollenstein Marcel
Published: February 2024

Besides being a key player in numerous fundamental biological processes, RNA also represents a versatile platform for the creation of therapeutic agents and efficient vaccines. The production of RNA oligonucleotides, especially those decorated with chemical modifications, cannot meet the exponential demand. Due to the inherent limits of solid‐phase synthesis and in vitro transcription, alternative, biocatalytic approaches are in dire need to facilitate the production of RNA oligonucleotides. Here, we present a first step towards the controlled enzymatic synthesis of RNA oligonucleotides. We have explored the possibility of a simple protection step of the vicinal cis‐diol moiety to temporarily block ribonucleotides. We demonstrate that pyrimidine nucleotides protected with acetals, particularly 2′,3′‐O‐isopropylidene, are well‐tolerated by the template‐independent RNA polymerase PUP (polyU polymerase) and highly efficient coupling reactions can be achieved within minutes – an important feature for the development of enzymatic de novo synthesis protocols. Even though purines are not equally well‐tolerated, these findings clearly demonstrate the possibility of using cis‐diol‐protected ribonucleotides combined with template‐independent polymerases for the stepwise construction of RNA oligonucleotides.
Modulating β‐Keto‐enamine‐Based Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Atom‐Transfer Radical Addition Reaction
Authors: Zhao Yuting , Li Lei , Zang Jiyuan , Young David J. , Ren Zhi‐Gang , Li Hai‐Yan , Yu Lei , Bian Guo‐Qing , Li Hong‐Xi
Published: February 2024

The atom‐transfer radical addition (ATRA) reaction simultaneously forges carbon‐carbon and carbon‐halogen bonds. However, frequently‐used photosensitizers such as precious transition metal complexes, or organic dyes have limitations in terms of their potential toxicity and recyclability. Three β‐ketoenamine‐linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) from 1,3,5‐triformylphloroglucinol and 1,4‐phenylenediamines with variable transient photocurrent and photocatalytic activity have been prepared. A COF bearing electron‐deficient Cl atoms displayed the highest photocatalytic activity toward the ATRA reaction of polyhalogenated alkanes to give halogenated olefins under visible light at room temperature. This heterogeneous photocatalyst exhibited good functional group tolerance and could be recycled without significant loss of activity.
Advances Toward Amphidinolides C, F and U: Isolations, Synthetic Studies and Total Syntheses
Authors: Ciss Ismaila , Seck Matar , Figadère Bruno , Ferrié Laurent
Published: February 2024

Amphidinolides C, F, and U, including C2‐C4 analogs, are highly cytotoxic marine macrolides, mainly isolated from dinoflagellates of the genus Amphidinium. All these polyketides share a 75 % or more similar structure, highlighted by a macrolactone ring, at least one trans‐2,5‐substituted‐THF motif and a characteristic polyenic side chain. From their isolation and absolute configurational assignment, the total synthesis of these marine macrolides represented an intense challenge to the organic synthesis community over the last 15 years, with around 14 research groups engaged in this inspiring task. In the first part of this review, we present the different approaches to the isolation and characterization of these natural products, including the most recent analogs, which may cast doubt on the biogenetic origin of these compounds. The various synthetic approaches to the total synthesis of C, F, and U amphidinolides are presented in a second part, focusing on key reactions and/or innovative strategies. The review concludes in a third section summarizing the successful approaches leading to the total synthesis of one of the members of this amphidinolide subfamily.
Reversibly Tuning the Viscosity of Peptide‐Based Solutions Using Visible Light
Authors: Bianco Simona , Wimberger Laura , Ben‐Tal Yael , Williams George T. , Smith Andrew J. , Beves Jonathon E. , Adams Dave J.
Published: February 2024

Light can be used to design stimuli–responsive systems. We induce transient changes in the assembly of a low molecular weight gelator solution using a merocyanine photoacid. Through our approach, reversible viscosity changes can be achieved via irradiation, delivering systems where flow can be controlled non‐invasively on demand.
Clicked BODIPY‐Fullerene‐Peptide Assemblies: Studies of Electron Transfer Processes in Self‐Assembled Monolayers on Gold Surfaces
Authors: Rabah Jad , Nasrallah Houssein , Wright Karen , Gérard Isabelle , Fensterbank Hélène , Bui Thi‐Tuyet‐Van , Marrot Jérôme , Tran Thu‐Trang , Fatima Anam , Ha‐Thi Minh‐Huong , Méallet Rachel , Burdzinski Gotard , Clavier Gilles , Boujday Souhir , Cachet Hubert , Debiemme‐Chouvy Catherine , Maisonhaute Emmanuel , Vallée Anne , Allard Emmanuel
Published: February 2024

Two BODIPY‐C60‐peptide assemblies were synthesized by CuAAC reactions of BODIPY‐C60 dyads and a helical peptide functionalized with a terminal alkyne group and an azide group, respectively. The helical peptide within these assemblies was functionalized at its other end by a disulfide group, allowing formation of self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold surfaces. Characterizations of these SAMs, as well as those of reference molecules (BODIPY‐C60‐alkyl, C60‐peptide and BODIPY‐peptide), were carried out by PM‐IRRAS and cyclic voltammetry. BODIPY‐C60‐peptide SAMs are more densely packed than BODIPY‐C60‐alkyl and BODIPY‐peptide based SAMs. These findings were attributed to the rigid peptide helical conformation along with peptide‐peptide and C60‐C60 interactions within the monolayers. However, less dense monolayers were obtained with the target assemblies compared to the C60‐peptide, as the BODIPY entity likely disrupts organization within the monolayers. Finally, electron transfer kinetics measurements by ultra‐fast electrochemistry experiments demonstrated that the helical peptide is a better electron mediator in comparison to alkyl chains. This property was exploited along with those of the BODIPY‐C60 dyads in a photo‐current generation experiment by converting the resulting excited and/or charge separated states from photo‐illumination of the dyad into electrical energy.
Computational Analysis of B‐Cell Receptor (BCR) Immune Repertoires with Abalign
Authors: Wei Jiachen , Li Junxian , Zong Fanjie , Xiao Zhi‐Xiong , Cao Yang
Published: February 2024

The widespread application of high‐throughput sequencing technology has generated massive sequences of B‐cell receptor (BCR) immune repertoires. Computational analysis of these data has gained significant attention due to the increasing importance of immunotherapy and precision medicine. It not only reveals the diversity and dynamic changes in immune responses, contributing to the study of associated diseases, but also provides valuable information for immunodiagnostics and drug development. Recently, we introduced a BCR‐specific multiple sequence alignment (MSA) method along with a comprehensive platform software called Abalign, which stands out as an excellent choice for analyzing BCR immune repertoires due to its unique high‐throughput processing capability. It offers ultra‐fast MSA functionality and a wide range of analytical features, including BCR/antibody extraction, clonal grouping, lineage tree construction, mutation profiling, diversity statistics, VJ gene assignment, antibody humanization, and more. Importantly, users can perform these analyses using the graphical user interface without any programming skills or scripts. In this article, we present a series of protocols that integrate Abalign's analysis modules into a cohesive workflow. This step‐by‐step workflow provides detailed instructions for software installation, data preparation, and comprehensive analysis of BCR immune repertoires. This workflow facilitates the efficient acquisition of comprehensive results in profiling BCR immune repertoires, offering insights into the impacts of infectious diseases, allergies, autoimmune disorders, tumor immunology, and antibody drugs. Abalign is freely available at http://cao.labshare.cn/abalign/. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Resource preparation

Basic Protocol 2: Analyzing BCR immune repertoires

Support Protocol 1: Aiding antibody humanization

Support Protocol 2: Constructing B‐cell lineage trees

Alternate Protocol: Running with Linux command line

Basic Protocol 3: Comparing BCR immune repertoires
A Theoretical Insight into the Physical Characteristics of Double Perovskite Rb2TlInBr6 for Renewable Energy Applications
Authors: Qaid Saif M. H. , Ain Quratul , Akhtar Masoofa , Murtaza Hudabia , Ghaithan Hamid M. , Ahmed Abdullah Ahmed Ali , Munir Junaid
Published: February 2024

Metal halide perovskites have gained prominence in optoelectronics recently, thanks to their unique optical and electrical properties, along with their adaptable morphologies. The current work reports the electronic, structural, mechanical, optical, and thermoelectric traits of Rb2TlInBr6 for the very first time. The confirmation of thermodynamic stability is evidenced by the negative value of the formation energy, while structural stability is established by calculating values for the tolerance factor and octahedral tilting. Elastic constants (Cij) and mechanical attributes are evaluated to assess perovskites’ ability to resist external strains. Electronic band structures computed with GGA and mBJ potentials depict a semiconducting nature containing indirect bandgap of 1.8 and 2.42 eV, respectively. Optical characteristics of Rb2TlInBr6 ensure that it can be used effectively for optoelectronic applications. An insight into the thermoelectric characteristic is assessed through BoltzTraP code. The electrical conductivity and ZT reveal the ability of Rb2TlInBr6 to be utilized in green energy devices.
First‐Principles Calculations to Investigate the Ground State, Mechanical Stability, Electronic Structure, and Optical Properties of Tl2SnX3 (X = S, Se, Te)
Authors: Alhussain Hanen , Ferjani Hela , Ben Smida Youssef
Published: February 2024

In this work, the Density Functional Theory (DFT) analysis of the Tl2SnX3 series (X = S, Se, Te) is performed, and the ground states are confirmed by the calculation of the elastic constant Cij. Based on the DFT calculation, the Tl2SnX3 structures are direct‐gap semiconductors with bandgaps of 1.434, 1.181, and 0.907 eV, respectively. Chalcogen substitution significantly impacts their electronic structures, notably increasing the Density of States (DOS) width in the valence band from sulfur to tellurium, and shifting the dielectric function's real part, ε1(ω), toward lower energies. This change means that the optical activity and response to electric fields are better, with Tl2SnTe3 showing the best polarization response and light‐matter interaction abilities. Optical tests show that Tl2SnTe3 has very high optical absorption, peaking at ≈17 × 104 cm−1 along [010], and reflectivity levels above 90%, marking its suitability for high‐reflectivity applications. Moreover, loss energy function analysis also shows that Tl2SnTe3 has a strong electron loss resonance at lower energies, which means it has strong interactions with electrons.
Hopf bifurcation analytical expression and control strategy in direct‐drive permanent magnet synchronous generator
Authors: Li Qiangqiang , Chen Wei , Wei Zhanhong , Wang Kun , Wang Bo
Published: February 2024

The unstable operation of a direct‐drive permanent magnet synchronous generator (DPMSG) is exacerbated by periodic oscillation, having a significant impact on the safe and stable functioning of wind energy generation systems. This paper proposes an approximate solution method for analyzing the periodic oscillation of the Hopf bifurcation and a method for suppressing its bifurcation through H∞ robust control. Firstly, a three‐dimensional nonlinear dynamic model of the DPMSG is constructed. Secondly, the Hopf bifurcation of the system with changes in internal parameters is solved using the time domain and frequency domain methods, and the harmonic balancing method is used to approximate the periodic solution at the point of Hopf bifurcation. The order of the Hopf bifurcation neighborhood is then decreased using the central manifold theorem. Finally, this study suggests a H∞ output feedback control employing bifurcation parameters. The Nyquist criteria are used for evaluating small signal stability and convergence speed of the response system in DPMSG before and after dimensionality reduction. The simulation results suggest that the proposed strategy helps to tackle the periodic solution expression and instability difficulties caused by Hopf bifurcation. This paper provides theoretical suggestions for the future reliable operation of new energy generation systems.
Homologous blood transfusion and doping: Where are we now?
Authors: Marchand Alexandre , Ericsson Magnus
Published: February 2024

Homologous blood transfusion (HBT) is used for doping in endurance sports since the 1960s. The blood comes from a compatible donor, that is, someone with a compatible ABO and rhesus blood group. Despite been prohibited by the IOC in 1985, no detection method was available until 2003. Then came the idea to use red blood cells (RBC) minor blood groups antigens that constitute an “identity” card of someone's RBC to detect the presence of a second RBC population. The method validated for doping control samples uses flow cytometry after incubation of isolated RBC with eight to 12 primary antibodies against specific minor blood groups antigens. The presence of double populations of RBC is revealed by a major and a minor peak in a fluorescence histogram. The sensitivity was estimated sufficient to detect HBT for a few weeks. Despite the complexity and cost of the method, right after its application in 2004, several cases of HBT were identified but the number of cases dropped rapidly over the years. In the 2010s, other ways to detect HBT were developed and evaluated: indirect detection using the Athlete Biological Passport approach, and a few years later forensic DNA analysis to establish the presence of two different DNA in a blood sample after HBT. Despite the high specificity of the latter, the sensitivity was recently questioned in vivo. Nowadays, the flow cytometry method remains the method of choice for HBT detection and recent investigations helped to simplify the method and increase its specificity and sensitivity.
Experimental study on the influence of content and fineness of fly ash on the mechanical properties of grouting slurries
Authors: Jiang Hua , Zhang Handong , Zhang Xiaoyan , Zhang Jinxun , Jiang Yusheng
Published: February 2024

Excavation gaps around the front shield can be generated during shield construction, resulting in significant ground settlement. Traditional synchronous grouting slurries are unsuitable for filling these gaps during tunneling under existing subway lines. To address this issue, experiments are conducted on mix characteristics and hardening properties of slurries with variations in fineness and contents of fly ash. The experimental and computed tomography scan results yield the following findings: (1) fly ash with high fineness can effectively reduce the early strength of slurries and enhance their injectability. This improves the filling effect on micropores in the slurry and ultimately enhances the final hardening strength. (2) Fineness of fly ash controls the process of slurry hydration. The higher the fineness of fly ash, the more visible the exothermic hydration of slurry and the earlier the highest temperature peak appears. (3) Fly ash with high fineness can effectively increase the density and consolidation rate of slurries, resulting in greater improvement in slurry strength, particularly when the ratio of fly ash to cement (mf/mc) is 0.75. (4) Fly ash with high fineness can effectively decrease the likelihood of appearance of pores in the slurry, optimize the pore structure, and enhance the strength of slurries after consolidation.
Legacies of multiple disturbances on fruit and seed patterns in Amazonia: Implications for forest functional traits
Authors: Brando Paulo M. , Silvério Divino , Maracahipes Leandro , Benzi Rodrigo , Paolucci Lucas , Maracahipes‐Santos Leonardo , Rattis Ludmila , Macedo Marcia N. , Balch Jennifer K.
Published: February 2024

Forest disturbances associated with edge effects, wildfires, and windthrow events have impacted large swaths of the tropics. Defining the levels of forest disturbance that cause ecologically relevant reductions in fruit and seed (FS) production is key to understanding forest resilience to current and future global changes. Here, we tested the hypotheses that: (1) low‐intensity experimental fires alone would cause minor changes in FS production and diversity in a tropical forest, whereas synergistic disturbance effects resulting from edge effects, wildfires, droughts, and blowdowns would drive long‐term reductions in FS diversity and production; and (2) the functional composition of FS in disturbed forests would shift toward tree species with acquisitive strategies. To test these hypotheses, we quantified FS production between 2005 and 2018 in a large‐scale fire experiment in southeast Amazonia. The experimental treatments consisted of three 50‐ha plots: a Control plot, a plot burned annually (B1yr) and a plot burned every three years (B3yr) between 2004 and 2010. These plots were impacted by edge effects, two droughts (2007 and 2010), and a blowdown event in 2012. Our results show that FS production remained relatively high following low‐intensity fires, but declined where fires were most severe (i.e., forest edge of B3yr). The number of species‐producing FS declined sharply when fires co‐occurred with droughts and a windthrow event, and species composition shifted throughout the experiment. Along the edge of both burned plots, the forest community became dominated by species with faster relative growth, thinner leaves, thinner bark, and lower height. We conclude that compounding disturbances changed FS patterns, with a strong effect on species composition and potentially large effects on the next generation of trees. This is largely due to reductions in the diversity of species‐producing FS where fires are severe, causing a shift toward functional traits typically associated with pioneer and generalist species.
Histological assessment of cardiac amyloidosis in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Beuthner Bo Eric , Elkenani Manar , Evert Katja , Mustroph Julian , Jacob Christoph Friedemann , Paul Niels Benjamin , Beißbarth Tim , Zeisberg Elisabeth Maria , Schnelle Moritz , Puls Miriam , Hasenfuß Gerd , Toischer Karl
Published: February 2024

Aims

Studies have reported a strongly varying co‐prevalence of aortic stenosis (AS) and cardiac amyloidosis (CA). We sought to histologically determine the co‐prevalence of AS and CA in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Consequently, we aimed to derive an algorithm to identify cases in which to suspect the co‐prevalence of AS and CA.

Methods and results

In this prospective, monocentric study, endomyocardial biopsies of 162 patients undergoing TAVR between January 2017 and March 2021 at the University Medical Centre Göttingen were analysed by one pathologist blinded to clinical data using haematoxylin–eosin staining, Elastica van Gieson staining, and Congo red staining of endomyocardial biopsies. CA was identified in only eight patients (4.9%). CA patients had significantly higher N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) levels (4356.20 vs. 1938.00 ng/L, P = 0.034), a lower voltage‐to‐mass ratio (0.73 vs. 1.46 × 10−2 mVm2/g, P = 0.022), and lower transaortic gradients (Pmean 17.5 vs. 38.0 mmHg, P = 0.004) than AS patients. Concomitant CA was associated with a higher prevalence of post‐procedural acute kidney injury (50.0% vs. 13.1%, P = 0.018) and sudden cardiac death [SCD; P (log‐rank test) = 0.017]. Following propensity score matching, 184 proteins were analysed to identify serum biomarkers of concomitant CA. CA patients expressed lower levels of chymotrypsin (P = 0.018) and carboxypeptidase 1 (P = 0.027). We propose an algorithm using commonly documented parameters—stroke volume index, ejection fraction, NT‐proBNP levels, posterior wall thickness, and QRS voltage‐to‐mass ratio—to screen for CA in AS patients, reaching a sensitivity of 66.6% with a specificity of 98.1%.

Conclusions

The co‐prevalence of AS and CA was lower than expected, at 4.9%. Despite excellent 1 year mortality, AS + CA patients died significantly more often from SCD. We propose a multimodal algorithm to facilitate more effective screening for CA containing parameters commonly documented during clinical routine. Proteomic biomarkers may yield additional information in the future.
Right heart failure as a cause of pulmonary congestion in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: D'Alto Michele , Di Maio Marco , Argiento Paola , Romeo Emanuele , Rea Gaetano , Liccardo Biagio , Del Giudice Carmen , Vergara Andrea , Caiazza Eleonora , Del Vecchio Gerardo Elia , Di Vilio Alessandro , Gargani Luna , D'Andrea Antonello , Bossone Eduardo , Golino Paolo , Picano Eugenio , Naeije Robert
Published: February 2024

Aims

Recent studies have shown that lung ultrasound‐assessed pulmonary congestion is worse in heart failure when pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) is increased, suggesting a paradoxical relationship between right heart failure and increased lung water content. Accordingly, we wondered if lung ultrasound would reveal otherwise clinically silent pulmonary congestion in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).

Methods and results

All patients referred for suspicion of PAH in a tertiary centre from January 2020 to December 2022 underwent a complete diagnostic work‐up including echocardiography, lung ultrasound and right heart catheterization. Pulmonary congestion was identified by lung ultrasound B‐lines using an 8‐site scan. The study enrolled 102 patients with idiopathic PAH (mean age 53 ± 13 years; 71% female). World Health Organization functional classes I, II, and III were found in 2%, 52%, and 46% of them, respectively. N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) was 377 pg/ml (interquartile range [IQR] 218–906). B‐lines were identified in 77 out of 102 patients (75%), with a median of 3 [IQR 1–5]. At univariable analysis, B‐lines were positively correlated with male sex, age, NT‐proBNP, systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP), right atrial pressure (RAP), PVR, left ventricular end‐diastolic volume and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), and negatively with cardiac output and stroke volume. At multivariable analysis, RAP (p < 0.001), TAPSE/sPAP (p = 0.001), and NT‐proBNP (p = 0.04) were independent predictors of B‐lines.

Conclusion

Lung ultrasound commonly discloses pulmonary congestion in PAH. This finding is related to right ventricular to pulmonary artery uncoupling, and may tentatively be explained by increased central venous pressure impeding lymphatic outflow.
Ruthenium Complexes with a Tridentate Anionic Bisfluoroalkoxy‐Carbene Ligand – Valuable Latent Olefin Metathesis Catalysts for Polymerisation Reactions
Authors: Zier Manuel , Planer Sebastian , Czeluśniak Izabela , Marczyk Anna , Młodzikowska‐Pieńko Katarzyna , Trzaskowski Bartosz , Bockfeld Dirk , Tamm Matthias , Kajetanowicz Anna
Published: February 2024

A Grubbs‐type ruthenium complex bearing a tridentate anionic bisfluoroalkoxy‐carbene was synthesised and fully characterised. Under standard conditions, it proved to be inactive in olefin metathesis reactions, but the addition of HCl triggers its activity and allows the synthesis of a series of cyclic olefins and ethers as well as a stereoregular polynorbornene with an unexpectedly high content of trans‐configured double bonds, as found in commercially available polynorbornene (Norsorex®). Detailed structural studies and DFT calculations showed that the complex enters the catalytic cycle, but instead of performing a full turnover, it is caught as a stable intermediate that does not undergo further reactions. The addition of HCl causes dissociation of the fluoroalkoxy units, resulting in a compound that behaves similarly to standard Grubbs‐type complexes. To further understand this phenomenon, the corresponding Hoveyda‐Grubbs complex was also obtained and studied in detail; due to the absence of the phosphine ligand, its behaviour was different from that of its Grubbs‐type counterpart.
Investigating rock mutation characteristics and damage state warning model based on energy conversion
Authors: Cheng Hongming , Yang Xiaobin , Lan Yongqing
Published: February 2024

Rock engineering achieves the secondary stress balance through rock mass structure adjustment, where energy conversion is throughout and associated closely with rock deformation and damage. In this study, a series of triaxial compression tests were conducted on red sandstone to investigate these features. The results showed that the damage state of red sandstone specimens presented five stages under different confining pressure, corresponding to the multistage evolution characteristic of the energy conversion. In the case of the dissipation energy conversion ratio (η), it showed five stages: a gradual increase, decreasing gradually and reaching a minimum value, increasing gradually, increasing with growth rate, and accelerated growth, therein the strong nonlinearity reflected the stability and instability of the internal structure of the rock and had the basic characteristics of the mutation theory, therefore the damage state warning model was established on just that. The relation between the η and time fitted by a four‐rank potential function had a fitting parameter (R2) larger than 0.9, and the bifurcation set of the η calculated by the damage state warning model had twice stages less than 0. The second stage, which occurred near the minimum value of the η and run through the plastic deformation stage, could be used to predict rock damage and fracture, and it was proven feasible by acoustic emission (AE) precursor and better than AE warning. This research can enrich the methods for identifying rock damage state and provide reference for revealing the occurrence and development mechanism of various rock instability disasters.
Response of soil moisture to prewinter conditions and rainfall events at different distances to gully banks in the Mollisol region of China
Authors: Wen Yanru , Liu Bao , Yu Qiangyi , Xu Yanyan , Lin Litao , Zhang Bin , Li Ting‐Yong , Wu Wenbin , Song Qian
Published: February 2024

Soil moisture patterns are crucial factors in gully bank erosion and may significantly vary depending on the water conditions before winter freezing. Rainfall events can evoke different moisture responses throughout the soil profile of gullies. However, the relative importance of prewinter conditions and rainfall events to the soil moisture responses of gully banks in seasonally frozen regions remains unclear. In this study, a field infiltration experiment of a gully bank with four prewinter soil moisture regimes and three replicates was conducted in October 2017 in the Mollisol region of China. We aimed to elucidate the temporal variations in moisture responses under different prewinter water treatments at various distances to the gully bank after three representative rainfall events in 2018. The response magnitude (∆s) varied widely and was largest in the intermediate layers (30–50 cm) for wetter prewinter regimes (i.e., HI and MED) but was larger in the upper soil layers (0–30 cm) for drier prewinter regimes (i.e., CK and LO). In contrast to the findings of other studies, we found that the relative influences of prewinter conditions and rainfall events on the soil moisture responses varied with soil depth and distance to the gully edge. The soil moisture response increased with rainfall depth, and the effect of prewinter conditions dominated until the end of the rainy season (August). The most important explanatory variables for the response magnitude (∆s) were rainfall events (46%), soil depth (10%), and prewinter conditions (7%). This study increases the understanding of the heterogeneity in soil moisture responses and the relationship to rainfall events under different prewinter conditions on gully banks in the Mollisol region. Understanding subsurface hydrological processes and identifying the relative importance of prewinter conditions and rainfall are beneficial for building gully bank erosion models for seasonally frozen regions.
Study on thermal‐hydro‐mechanical coupling and stability evolution of loess slope during freeze–thaw process
Authors: Qin Biao , Li Xi‐An , Yang Wenfu , Liu Zhi , Chai Hao , Gao Rongrong
Published: February 2024

Disasters occurring at loess slopes in seasonal frozen regions are closely related to changes in the thermo‐hydro‐mechanical (THM) state in loess by freeze–thaw (FT) action. Current research on FT‐induced soil slope failure focuses on frozen stagnant water effects, while the intrinsic connection between the FT‐induced stagnant water effect and soil strength deterioration remains unclear. In this study, by taking the FT‐induced loess slope failure as an example, field surveys, boreholes, exploratory wells, and 3D topographic mapping were used to reveal the landslide features and stratigraphic information; Furthermore, the temporal and spatial variation of water and heat in loess slope was revealed by on‐site monitoring data; A THM coupled model of frozen soil was established using COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software to reconstruct the frozen stagnant water process of shallow loess slope, as well as the influence of THM field on loess landslide. The results show that the effects of FT in the seasonally frozen region occurred in the shallow layer of the loess slope. The water‐ice phase transition during FT process broke the phase equilibrium of loess. Numerical calculations and field monitoring indicated a continuous migration of water to the freezing front, creating a water‐enriched zone inside the loess. Both the impact of the frozen stagnant water and changes in the stress field led to the degradation of loess structure and reduced the strength properties, thus threatening the stability of the loess slope. The study results can contribute to an in‐depth understanding of the mechanism underlying FT loess landslides in seasonal frozen regions, and provide a scientific basis for the evaluation and prevention of FT landslides.
Integrative single‐cell expression and functional studies unravels a sensitization to cytarabine‐based chemotherapy through HIF pathway inhibition in AML leukemia stem cells
Authors: Velasco‐Hernandez Talia , Trincado Juan L. , Vinyoles Meritxell , Closa Adria , Martínez‐Moreno Alba , Gutiérrez‐Agüera Francisco , Molina Oscar , Rodríguez‐Cortez Virginia C. , Ximeno‐Parpal Pau , Fernández‐Fuentes Narcís , Petazzi Paolo , Beneyto‐Calabuig Sergi , Velten Lars , Romecin Paola , Casquero Raquel , Abollo‐Jiménez Fernando , de la Guardia Rafael D. , Lorden Patricia , Bataller Alex , Lapillonne Hélène , Stam Ronald W. , Vives Susana , Torrebadell Montserrat , Fuster Jose L. , Bueno Clara , Sarry Jean‐Emmanuel , Eyras Eduardo , Heyn Holger , Menéndez Pablo
Published: February 2024

Relapse remains a major challenge in the clinical management of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and is driven by rare therapy‐resistant leukemia stem cells (LSCs) that reside in specific bone marrow niches. Hypoxia signaling maintains cells in a quiescent and metabolically relaxed state, desensitizing them to chemotherapy. This suggests the hypothesis that hypoxia contributes to the chemoresistance of AML‐LSCs and may represent a therapeutic target to sensitize AML‐LSCs to chemotherapy. Here, we identify HIFhigh and HIFlow specific AML subgroups (inv(16)/t(8;21) and MLLr, respectively) and provide a comprehensive single‐cell expression atlas of 119,000 AML cells and AML‐LSCs in paired diagnostic‐relapse samples from these molecular subgroups. The HIF/hypoxia pathway signature is attenuated in AML‐LSCs compared with more differentiated AML cells but is more expressed than in healthy hematopoietic cells. Importantly, chemical inhibition of HIF cooperates with standard‐of‐care chemotherapy to impair AML growth and to substantially eliminate AML‐LSCs in vitro and in vivo. These findings support the HIF pathway in the stem cell‐driven drug resistance of AML and unravel avenues for combinatorial targeted and chemotherapy‐based approaches to specifically eliminate AML‐LSCs.
Perinatal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of advanced maternal age women with gestational diabetes mellitus: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jiang Chen , Wen Haiyan , Hu Tingting , Liu Yanfei , Dai Xiaoqing , Chen Yiming
Published: February 2024

Background and Aims

The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) continues to increase, and the phenomenon of women giving birth at an older age is becoming more common worldwide. Less is known abouts the impact of GDM combined with advanced maternal age (AMA) on pregnancy outcomes. To explore the impact of AMA complicated with GDM on pregnancy outcomes.

Methods

This study included 34,602 pregnancies between 2018 and 2020 in Hangzhou, China. The pregnant women were divided into four groups according to advanced age (≥35 years) and GDM as follows: AMA women without GDM (non‐AGDM) group (n = 2614), young pregnant women with GDM (YGDM) group (n = 4016), AMA women with GDM (AGDM) group (n = 850), and young pregnant women without GDM (non‐YGDM) group (n = 27,122). Univariate analysis was carried out by Mann–Whitney U test or Pearson's χ2 test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the effect of AMA and GDM on pregnancy outcomes.

Results

Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that in the comparison against non‐YGDM garoup, the ORs of fetal chromosome abnormality, parity, urgent cesarean section, gravidity, scheduled cesarean section, body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2, pre‐eclampsia, thrombocytopenia, hyperlipidemia, BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2, blood urea nitrogen, fasting blood glucose, and creatinine in AGDM group were 16.044, 4.284, 3.530, 3.284, 3.257, 2.049, 1.935, 1.898, 1.690, 1.471, 1.304, 1.216, and 1.026 (all p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The prevalence of pregnant women with AGDM was 2.46% in Hang Zhou, China. The increasing gravidity of AMA women was related to a greater risk of GDM. The AGDM group associated with a greater risks of chromosomal abnormality in offspring and cesarean section, especially urgent cesarean section.
The effect of cannabinoids on wound healing: A review
Authors: Parikh Aniruddha C. , Jeffery Christopher S. , Sandhu Zainab , Brownlee Benjamin P. , Queimado Lurdes , Mims Mark M.
Published: February 2024

Background and Aims

Cannabis and its various derivatives are commonly used for both recreational and medicinal purposes. Cannabinoids have been shown to have anti‐inflammatory properties. Inflammation is an important component of wound healing and the effect of cannabinoids on wound healing has become a recent topic of investigation. The objective of this article is to perform a comprehensive review of the literature to summarize the effects of cannabinoids on wound healing of the skin and to guide future avenues of research.

Methods

A comprehensive literature review was performed to evaluate the effects of cannabinoids on cutaneous wound healing.

Results

Cannabinoids appear to improve skin wound healing through a variety of mechanisms. This is supported through a variety of in vitro and animal studies. Animal studies suggest application of cannabinoids may improve the healing of postsurgical and chronic wounds. There are few human studies which evaluate the effects of cannabinoids on wound healing and many of these are case series and observational studies. They do suggest cannabinoids may have some benefit. However, definitive conclusions cannot be drawn from them.

Conclusion

While further human studies are needed, topical application of cannabinoids may be a potential therapeutic option for postsurgical and chronic wounds.
The influence of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the spectrum of neonatal disease in a tertiary hospital in China: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Wang Yi , Song Linhong , Ma Ning , Li Hao , Hu Siqi , Feng Zhichun
Published: February 2024

Background and Aims

Neonatal diseases are a significant threat to global public health, affecting the homeostasis and well‐being of patients and reflecting the status of, and challenges to, regional, national, and global healthcare systems. This study sought to investigate how the disease spectrum observed among neonatal inpatients changed after the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.

Methods

The present hospital‐based retrospective study analyzed the demographic and clinical characteristics of 19,943 hospitalized newborns from January 2018 to December 2022 using data derived from pediatric department registers.

Results

According to the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD‐11) classification criteria, the two most common neonatal disorders during this study period were “Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period” and “Disease of the respiratory system.” Following the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic (2020 onwards), the number of neonatal patients declined markedly (5742 per year vs. 2820 per year), and the incidence of “Disease of the respiratory system” was significantly lower than in 2018–2019 (25.72% vs. 17.46%).

Conclusion

The study offers detailed insights into the shifts in neonatal disease patterns at the Seventh Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital following the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic, providing a foundation for future research and policymaking efforts.
Thermal performance analysis of hollow bricks integrated phase change materials for various climate zones
Authors: Babaharra Oumayma , Choukairy Khadija , Faraji Hamza , Khallaki Kaoutar , Hamdaoui Said , Bahammou Younes
Published: February 2024

This comprehensive research addresses the significant challenge of building‐related energy consumption in Morocco. Our innovative approach involves integrating phase change materials (PCMs) into hollow bricks, strategically addressing the diverse climate zones prevalent in the country. The primary focus is on enhancing energy efficiency within structures. Leveraging detailed simulations and employing the enthalpy‐porosity approach, our study models the impact of PCMs on internal temperatures. Optimal outcomes are achieved by partially filling brick holes with PCMs in specific configurations, demonstrating the materials' ability to adapt to varying conditions. A noteworthy finding is the 2–3‐h phase shift observed in cold zones, indicating the potential for PCMs to effectively regulate temperatures. Equally significant is their capability to maintain a constant internal temperature of 26°C in hot zones, even amidst extreme external conditions reaching up to 47°C. This resilience underscores the novel and tailored thermal regulation potential of PCMs. Beyond the technical insights, our research highlights the paramount importance of considering regional climates in PCM applications' implementation. This awareness is crucial for optimizing energy performance in buildings and ensuring sustainability. In essence, this study contributes valuable knowledge and practical implications for the strategic deployment of PCMs to enhance building energy efficiency, emphasizing the need for context‐specific solutions in diverse environmental conditions.
Preoperative diagnosis of ureteral medial deviations secondary to deep endometriosis using transvaginal ultrasound examinations: Can we predict the need for ureterolysis during laparoscopic surgery?
Authors: Carfagna Pietro , De Cicco Nardone Alessandra , Benvenga Greta , Nardone Fiorenzo De Cicco , Greco Pierfrancesco , Campolo Federica , Pafundi Pia Clara , Alesi Maria Vittoria , Testa Antonia Carla , Scambia Giovanni , Ianieri Manuel Maria
Published: February 2024

Objective

To evaluate ureteral involvement using transvaginal sonography (TVS) regarding the distortion of the course of the ureters caused by deep endometriosis (DE), which can facilitate predicting the need for ureterolysis during surgery, even in the absence of ureteral stenosis or dilatation.

Methods

This is a single‐center, observational, retrospective pilot study of 88 consecutive patients who later underwent surgery for DE that used ultrasound preoperative diagnosis of ureteral medial deviation of one or both ureters between January 2019 and January 2022. At TVS, the course of the ureter was considered medialized if, in longitudinal and transversal section, any distance was detectable between the ureter and the cervix at the point where the ureter crosses the uterine artery. The primary end point was to determine sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of “ureteral medial deviation” diagnosed using TVS, in order to predict the need for ureterolysis.

Results

Our series included 88 women with a median age of 39 (interquartile range 33–43) years. Ureteral medialization showed a relatively low false‐positive rate (10.9%), with a specificity of 89.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 81.4%–96.7%) and a sensitivity of 86.6% (95% CI 80.3%–92.9%), along with a high positive predictive value of 93.3% (95% CI 88.4%–98.1%), and a lower negative predictive value of 79.1% (95% CI 69.8%–88.5%), respectively.

Conclusions

This study introduced a new ultrasound sign with a high degree of accuracy to predict ureterolysis and this may have positive implications in the management and surgical planning of patients with ureteral endometriosis.
Oxytocin and vaginal dinoprostone in labor induction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chang Ting‐An , Li Yi‐Rong , Ding Dah‐Ching
Published: February 2024

Background

The comparison between prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and oxytocin and for induction of labor (IOL) remains controversial.

Objective

The present study aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of these two agents in IOL.

Search Strategy

PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, andClinicalTrials.gov. from the establishment of the database to April 23, 2023.

Selection Criteria

A search was conducted with keywords “labor, induction, prostaglandin E2/PGE2/dinoprostone, and oxytocin”. Only randomized clinical trials comparing oxytocin and vaginal dinoprostone in women who were at least late preterm (gestational age [GA] ≥34 weeks), singleton pregnant, and had intact membranes were enrolled for further meta‐analysis.

Data Collection and Analysis

We conducted both a descriptive analysis and a meta‐analysis. In the meta‐analysis, we utilized the Mantel–Haenszel random effects model to analyze dichotomous data, employing the relative risk (RR) as the effect measure along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The study quality was evaluated using Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias assessment tool (RoB 2). A random‐effects model was applied for the meta‐analysis.

Main Results

After screening 3303 articles from five databases, a total of nine randomized controlled studies composed of 1071 patients were included. Our analysis included 534 patients in the PGE2 group and 537 patients in the oxytocin group. The pooled estimate of vaginal deliveries following PGE2 induction stood at 84.2%, while after oxytocin induction, it was 79.8%. The meta‐analysis showed no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of the rate of vaginal delivery (pooled RR, 1.05; 95% CI: 0.95–1.16;Pvalue forQ, 0.001;I2, 71.14%), cesarean section (pooled RR, 0.84; 95% CI: 0.52–1.35;Pvalue forQ, 0.007;I2, 61.69%) and induction‐delivery interval (pooled standard mean difference, 0.09; 95% CI: −0.67 to 0.85;Pvalue forQ, 0.000;I2, 96.45%). Since the results for fetal distress and uterine hyperstimulation were consistent across all enrolled studies, no further meta‐analysis was conducted.

Conclusions

When amalgamating the available literature, it implies that oxytocin was found to have similar effects as PGE2 on delivery outcomes and safety concerns in pregnant women with GA ≥36 weeks. Although the uterine cervix was unfavorable, both low and high doses of oxytocin were feasible for IOL.
A pilot study of the behavioral addictions knowledge survey: Ensuring students’ knowledge about process/behavioral addictions
Authors: Ricciutti Natalie M. , Zhang Sijia
Published: February 2024

Future counselors are likely to work with clients with process/behavioral addictions (PBA). The behavioral addiction knowledge survey (BAKS) was designed to determine counseling students’ knowledge of PBAs. This article presents the instrument development procedures and results of a preliminary exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a Rasch analysis of the BAKS. The sample size included 77 counseling students. The EFA suggested a three‐factor, 18‐item solution, with satisfactory internal consistency within each factor. Rasch analysis results also yielded excellent infit and outfit statistics. Detailed psychometric properties of the BAKS are provided. Implications for counselor educators, supervisors, and future researchers are included.
Machine learning assisted analysis of equivalent circuit usage in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy applications
Authors: Klemm Carl Philipp , Frömling Till
Published: February 2024

Electrical equivalent circuits are a widely applied tool with which electrical processes can be rationalized. There is a wide‐ranging selection of fields from bioelectrochemistry to batteries to fuel cells making use of this tool. Enabling meta‐analysis on the similarities and differences in the used circuits will help to identify commonly used circuits and aid in evaluating the underlying physics. We present a method and an implementation that enables the conversion of circuits included in scientific publications into a machine‐readable form for generating machine learning datasets or circuit simulations.