bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermoanalytic characterization of binder burnout and sintering of lead-free piezoelectric KNNLT multilayer laminates with Ni electrodes
Authors: Alkanj M. W. , Kynast A. , Töpfer M. , Schubert F. , Töpfer J.
Published: January 2023

For competitive lead-free piezoceramic multilayer actuators (MLA) it is required to include base metal electrodes (BMEs). However, thermal processing of KNN-based multilayers with Ni electrodes necessitates precise control of the oven atmosphere in order to control the phase composition and functional performance of the piezoceramics and electrodes. Sintering of KNN-based MLAs with BMEs is performed at low oxygen partial pressure followed by a reoxidation treatment to reduce the concentration of oxygen vacancies and increase the resistivity of the ferroelectric, and simultaneously, the BME must not be oxidized. Within this complex thermal treatment protocol, the debindering of the multilayer laminates is a very important process step and proper binder removal is critical to avoid formation of defects or flaws and oxidation of electrodes. We have studied the debindering behavior of a KNN-based MLA with Ni electrodes fabricated from a PVB-based slip formulation using thermal analysis and complementary binder burnout experiments under reducing atmospheres. It is shown that binder burnout in reducing atmosphere allows for protection of Ni layers, but incomplete binder decomposition occurs at lower pO2. On the other hand, after debindering at 350 °C in air complete binder removal and little Ni oxidation only was observed, allowing to use these binder burnout conditions to prepare MLAs.
Honorifics without [hon]
Authors: Wang Ruoan
Published: January 2023

Honorifics are grammaticalized reflexes of politeness, often recruiting existing featural values (e.g. French recruits pluralvousfor polite address, and German, third person pluralSie). This paper aims to derive their cross-linguistic distribution and interpretation without [hon], an analytical feature present since Corbett (2000). The striking generalization that emerges from a cross-linguistic survey of 120 languages is that only certain featural values are ever recruited for honorification: plural, third person, and indefinite. I show that these values are precisely those which are semantically unmarked, or presuppositionless, allowing the speaker to consider an interlocutor’snegative face(Brown and Levinson 1978). I propose an alternative analysis based on the interaction between semantic markedness, an avoidance-based pragmatic maxim called the Taboo of Directness, andMaximize Presupposition!(Heim 1991) to derive honorific meaning.
Hazard and risk assessment for early phase road planning in Norway
Authors: Solheim Anders , Sverdrup-Thygeson Kjetil , Kalsnes Bjørn
Published: January 2023

Road construction in rugged terrain and variable, partly harsh climate is challenging. Proper assessment of natural hazards at an early planning stage can give large cost savings and safer roads. In assessing natural hazards along 720 km of planned roads in Norway, a GIS-based tool was developed to utilize publicly available data and dynamic runout models. The output is an outline of the most critical locations and serves to limit the extent of necessary field work. The Norwegian national susceptibility maps are generally conservative and using only these in the planning would give unrealistically high hazard levels. Various optimizing techniques were therefore implemented in the GIS tool and the outputs further calibrated against existing detailed hazard maps in selected locations and further validated during field work at the defined 'hotspots'. The field work comprised assessing return periods of unwanted events, probable road closure time, and relevant mitigation measures, all within sets of pre-defined ranges of values. The following consequence evaluation quantified the indirect economic consequences of closed road and assessed the consequence for emergency preparedness qualitatively. Other consequences were not considered in the study. Climate change was considered and evaluated to affect the probability for flooding and debris flows, whereas the link between climate change and the other assessed hazards was considered too uncertain to impact on the risk estimates. Results of the study were communicated through an interactive map solution, with key results presented as fact sheets activated in the map for each risk section of the roads.
Monetary Policy and Determinacy: An Inquiry into Open Economy New Keynesian Macrodynamics
Authors: Barnett William A. , Eryilmaz Unal
Published: January 2023

Determinacy properties and conditions of equilibrium solution have been the subject of growing discussion and research in macroeconomics. Following in the footsteps of previous studies, we analyze determinacy in the baseline open-economy New Keynesian model developed by Gali and Monacelli in Rev Econ Stud 72(3):707–734 (Oxford University Press) (2005). We find that the open economy structure causes multifaceted behaviors in the system creating extra challenges for policy making. The degree of openness significantly affects determinacy properties of equilibrium under various forms and timing of monetary policy rules. Conditions for the uniqueness and local stability of equilibria are established. Determinacy diagrams are constructed to display the regions of unique and multiple equilibria. Numerical analyses are performed to confirm the theoretical results. Limit cycles and periodic behaviors are possible, but in some cases only for unrealistic parameter settings. Complex structures of open economies require rigorous policy design to achieve optimality.
Is there a growing use of mobile devices in web surveys? Evidence from 128 web surveys in Germany
Authors: Gummer Tobias , Höhne Jan Karem , Rettig Tobias , Roßmann Joss , Kummerow Mirjan
Published: January 2023

Recent advances in web survey methodology were motivated by the observation that respondents increasingly use mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, to participate in web surveys. Even though we do not doubt this general observation, we argue that the claim is lacking a solid empirical basis. Most research on increasing mobile device use in web surveys covers limited periods of time and/or analyzes data from only one study or panel. There is a surprising lack of comprehensive overviews on the magnitude of mobile device use in web surveys. In the present study, we explored this research gap by analyzing data from 128 web surveys collected in four different academic studies in Germany between 2012 and 2020. Overall, we found strong empirical evidence for an increase in smartphone use, a stagnation in tablet use, and a decrease in desktop PC use. There was no evidence that the increase in smartphone use will slow down any time soon. Thus, we recommend that survey researchers prepare for a device change in web surveys that may enable new applications in web surveys.
Comparing Material and Social Deprivation Indicators: Identification of Deprived Populations
Authors: Fabrizi Enrico , Mussida Chiara , Parisi Maria Laura
Published: January 2023

The new indicator for material and social deprivation validated in 2014 by the European Commission enlarged the scope of measuring social exclusion, which entails both material hardship of individuals and households, and a relevant social dimension. Using EU-SILC data, this paper compares the standard measure of material deprivation and the new indicator in terms of the sub-population they identify as suffering deprivation across Europe. In 2019, only 57% of the deprived individuals according at least one of the two indicators were so according to both, while 23% was deprived only according to the new measure and 20% was deprived only under the old indicator. We compare the micro-level determinants of inclusion into these different deprived populations, both at the aggregated level and separately for each of the 21 countries included in our sample.
First serological evidence of SARS-CoV-2 natural infection in small ruminants
Authors: Fusco Giovanna , Cardillo Lorena , Levante Martina , Brandi Sergio , Picazio Gerardo , Napoletano Michele , Martucciello Alessandra , Fiorito Filomena , De Carlo Esterina , de Martinis Claudio
Published: January 2023

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in late December 2019 and spread worldwide, quickly becoming a pandemic. This zoonotic coronavirus shows a broad host range, including wildlife and domestic animals. Small ruminants are shown to be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 but, to date, no natural infection has been reported. Herein, we performed a survey for SARS-CoV-2 among sheep and goats in the Campania region of Italy using an indirect multispecies ELISA. Next, positive sera were submitted to virus serum neutralization for the quantification of specific neutralizing antibodies. Out of 612 sheep and goats, 23 were found ELISA positive (3.75%) and 1 of them showed 1:20 neutralizing antibodies titer. No significant difference was found between the two species, as well as between male and female, geographical location and age. Our findings demonstrate that natural infection can occur in flocks in a field situation. Moreover, low susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 is reported for sheep and goats, nevertheless, the continuous mutations of this virus open new scenarios on viral host range and tropism, highlighting the importance of investigating animal species that could represent ongoing or future possible hosts.
The Specter of Automation
Authors: Biondi Zachary
Published: January 2023

Karl Marx took technological development to be the heart of capitalism’s drive and, ultimately, its undoing. Machines are initially engineered to perform functions that otherwise would be performed by human workers. The economic logic pushed to its limits leads to the prospect of full automation: a world in which all labor required to meet human needs is superseded and performed by machines. To explore the future of automation, the paper considers a specific point of resemblance between human beings and machines: intelligence. Examining the development of machine intelligence through the Marxist concepts of alienation and reification reveals a tension between certain technophilic post-labor visions and the reality of capitalistic development oriented towards intelligent technology. If the prospect of a post-labor world depends on technologies that closely resemble humans, the world can no longer be described as post-labor. The tension has implications for the potential moral status of machines and the possibility of full automation. The paper considers these implications by outlining four possible futures of automation.
Online Gaming Addiction and Basic Psychological Needs Among Adolescents: The Mediating Roles of Meaning in Life and Responsibility
Authors: Kaya Alican , Türk Nuri , Batmaz Hasan , Griffiths Mark D.
Published: January 2023

Individuals whose basic needs are naturally satisfied are much less dependent on their environment and more autonomous. Basic psychological needs (i.e., the general motivators of human actions) are significant predictors of online gaming addiction. Moreover, it has been posited that meaning and responsibility in life are at the center of life from an existential point of view. Therefore, a hypothetical model was tested to examine the relationships between basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, relatedness), online gaming addiction, responsibility, and meaning in life. Data were collected from a sample of 546 participants. Mediation analysis was conducted, and the results indicated that basic psychological needs, online gaming addiction, responsibility, and meaning in life had significant negative and positive relationships. The findings indicated that responsibility and meaning in life had a serial mediating effect in the relationship between basic psychological needs and online gaming addiction. The findings also showed that the inverse relationship between online gaming addiction and basic psychological needs was at least partially explained by meaning in life and responsibility. The results of the present study are of great importance and suggest that interventions to satisfy the basic psychological needs of adolescents may help prevent online gaming addiction.
Systemic cascades on inhomogeneous random financial networks
Authors: Hurd T. R.
Published: January 2023

This article presents a model of the financial system as an inhomogeneous random financial network (IRFN) withNnodes that represent different types of institutions such as banks or funds and directed weighted edges that signify counterparty relationships between nodes. The onset of a systemic crisis is triggered by a large exogenous shock to banks’ balance sheets. Their behavioural response is modelled by a cascade mechanism that tracks the propagation of damaging shocks and possible amplification of the crisis, and leads the system to a cascade equilibrium. The mathematical properties of the stochastic framework are investigated for the first time in a generalization of the Eisenberg–Noe solvency cascade mechanism that accounts for fractional bankruptcy charges. New results include verification of a “tree independent cascade property” of the solvency cascade mechanism, and culminate in an explicit recursive stochastic solvency cascade mapping conjectured to hold in the limit as the number of banksNgoes to infinity. It is shown how this cascade mapping can be computed numerically, leading to a rich picture of the systemic crisis as it evolves toward the cascade equilibrium.
Screen Time from Adolescence to Adulthood and Cardiometabolic Disease: a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Nagata Jason M. , Lee Christopher M. , Lin Feng , Ganson Kyle T. , Pettee Gabriel Kelley , Testa Alexander , Jackson Dylan B. , Dooley Erin E. , Gooding Holly C. , Vittinghoff Eric
Published: January 2023

Background

Previous studies have analyzed the relationship between screen time and cardiometabolic disease risk factors among adolescents, but few have examined the longitudinal effects of screen time on cardiometabolic health into adulthood using nationally representative data.

Objective

To determine prospective associations between screen time and later cardiometabolic disease over a 24-year period using a nationally representative adolescent cohort.

Design

Longitudinal prospective cohort data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) collected from 1994 to 2018.

Participants

Adolescents aged 11–18 years old at baseline (1994–1995) followed for 24 years.

Main Measures

Predictors: screen time (five repeated measures of self-reported television and video watching from adolescence to adulthood). Outcomes: Five repeated measures of body mass index (BMI); two repeated measures of waist circumference, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes collected at 15- and 24-year follow-up exams.

Key Results

For the 7105 adolescents in the sample (49.7% female, 35.0% non-white), the baseline adolescent average screen time per day was 2.86 ± 0.08 hours per day, which generally declined through 24-year follow-up. Average BMI at baseline was 22.57 ± 0.13 kg/m2, which increased to 30.27 ± 0.18 kg/m2 through follow-up. By 24-year follow-up, 43.4% of participants had obesity, 8.4% had diabetes, 31.8% had hypertension, and 14.9% had hyperlipidemia. In mixed-effects generalized linear models, each additional hour of screen time per day was associated with 0.06 (95% CI 0.04–0.09) within-person increase in BMI. Each additional hour of screen time per day was associated with higher within-person odds of high waist circumference (AOR 1.17, 95% CI 1.09–1.26), obesity (AOR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03–1.15), and diabetes (AOR 1.17, 95% CI 1.07–1.28). Screen time was not significantly associated with hypertension or hyperlipidemia.

Conclusions

In this prospective cohort study, higher screen time in adolescence was associated with higher odds of select indicators of cardiometabolic disease in adulthood.
Einflussfaktoren auf inklusionsbezogene Einstellungen von Lehrkräften an berufsbildenden Schulen. Ergebnisse einer empirischen Studie in deutschen Bundesländern
Authors: Burda-Zoyke Andrea , Jahn Robert W. , Driebe Thomas , Götzl Mathias
Published: January 2023

Die inklusionsbezogenen Einstellungen von Lehrkräften gelten als wesentliche Prädiktoren für deren pädagogisches und inklusionsbezogenes Wahrnehmen und Handeln sowie den Erfolg (inklusiven) Unterrichts. In zahlreichen Studien wurden die Einstellungen von (angehenden) Lehrkräften sowie potenzielle Einflussfaktoren darauf untersucht. Unberücksichtigt blieben jedoch bisher weitgehend die Lehrkräfte an beruflichen Schulen. Daher geht die vorliegende Studie der Frage nach, welche Ausprägungen inklusionsbezogener Einstellungen bei Lehrkräften an beruflichen Schulen in Deutschland vorliegen. Zudem wird die Frage verfolgt, welche Zusammenhänge sich bei ihnen zwischen den Einstellungen zu Inklusion und potenziellen Einflussfaktoren zeigen. Unter Einsatz eines standardisierten Fragebogens, der punktuell um offene Fragen ergänzt wurde, wurden 662 Lehrkräfte an beruflichen Schulen in vier Bundesländern Deutschlands (Hamburg, Sachsen-Anhalt, Schleswig-Holstein, Thüringen) befragt. Die Einstellungen zur Inklusion fallen insgesamt neutral aus. Mittels linearer Regressionsanalyse kann gezeigt werden, dass berufliche und private Erfahrungen mit Menschen mit besonderen Bedürfnissen, Erfahrungen in inklusiven Klassen und die inklusionsbezogene Qualifizierung einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die persönliche Bereitschaft als eine Dimension der Einstellungen haben. Zudem zeigen die allgemeine und in besonderer Weise die inklusionsbezogene Selbstwirksamkeit einen positiven Effekt auf die Einstellungen. Des Weiteren zeigt sich, dass das Lehr-Lernverständnis einen Einfluss auf die Einstellungen zur Inklusion allgemein hat (ein instruktional orientiertes Verständnis hängt mit negativeren Einstellungen zusammen) und dass das Inklusionsverständnis der Lehrkräfte mit der persönlichen Bereitschaft zusammenhängt. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Studie scheinen inklusionsbezogene Fortbildungen zur Erhöhung inklusionsbezogener Einstellungen sowie die Verbesserung von Ressourcen und Rahmenbedingungen besonders erfolgversprechend für die Umsetzung von Inklusion zu sein.
Calcium-Deficit Diet Improves Iron Content in Ovariectomized Rats
Authors: Suliburska Joanna , Wawrzyniak Natalia , Gramza-Michałowska Anna , Kurzawa Paweł
Published: January 2023

In women, menopause is associated with disorders related to calcium and iron content, which may increase the risk of osteoporosis. This study aimed to determine the effect of calcium deficiency on the iron content in ovariectomized rats. This study included 30 3-month-old female rats, which were divided into three groups: group C (n = 10)—control group fed the standard diet; group O—ovariectomized rats fed the standard diet; and group D—ovariectomized rats fed the calcium-deficit diet. After 3 months of experimental intervention, the weight of the rats was measured, and blood and tissue samples were collected. Morphological parameters were analyzed in whole blood, and serum levels of leptin, estrogen and C-reactive protein, and total antioxidant status were determined. The iron content was measured in tissues, and histological analysis was performed in the femur. The results obtained demonstrated that ovariectomy significantly decreased the iron content in bones, hair, spleen, liver, and kidneys. The calcium-deficit diet increased the iron content in tissues and the hemoglobin level in ovariectomized rats and also enhanced the number of osteoblasts in bones compared with the O group. In conclusion, calcium deficiency improved the iron content in ovariectomized rats in this 12-week study.
A phase II study of chidamide, cytarabine, aclarubicin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and donor lymphocyte infusion for relapsed acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Wei Yan , Wang Lijun , Zhu Chengying , Li Honghua , Bo Jian , Zhang Ran , Lu Ning , Wu Yongli , Gao Xiaoning , Dou Liping , Liu Daihong , Gao Chunji
Published: January 2023

Chemotherapy followed by donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) is a promising treatment for relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). However, the best strategy for administering this therapy is still unclear. This study sought to explore the efficacy and safety of chidamide and CAG (cytarabine, aclarubicin, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) (CCAG) regimen followed by DLI in relapsed AML/MDS after allo-HSCT. This was a single-arm, phase II trial in patients with relapsed AML/MDS after allo-HSCT. CCAG regimen followed by DLI was given according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Twenty adult patients were enrolled. The median follow-up time was 12 months. The complete remission (CR) rate was 45% and the partial remission (PR) rate was 5%. The 1-year overall survival (OS) was 56.7% (95% confidence interval (95% CI), 31.6–75.6%), and the median OS was 19 months. The 1-year relapse-free survival (RFS) was 83.3% (95% CI, 27.3–97.5%). Patients relapsing more than 6 months after HSCT and achieving CR/PR after CCAG plus DLI regimen attained significantly higher survival rates. The cumulative incidence of grade III–IV acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) was 9.4%. There was no treatment-related mortality (TRM). These data suggest that CCAG plus DLI regimen is safe and induces durable remission and superior survival in patients with relapsed AML/MDS after allo-HSCT. Trial registration number: ChiCTR.org identifier: ChiCTR1800017740 and date of registration: August 12, 2018.
SRC-3/TRAF4 facilitates ovarian cancer development by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Ying , Luo Xia , Wu Nayiyuan , Liao Qianjin , Wang Jing
Published: January 2023

Objective

Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer in women, and it causes many deaths in women worldwide. Patients with ovarian cancer have a poor prognosis and low survival rate. This study aimed to explore the role of the SRC-3/TRAF4/PI3K/AKT pathway in ovarian cancer development.

Methods

SRC-3 and TRAF4 expression in ovarian cancer cell lines were assessed using qRT-PCR and western-blotting. The expression of SRC-3 and TRAF4 in ovarian cancer cells was downregulated by transient transfection with sh-RNAs. An MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell proliferation. Cell migration and invasion were measured using a Transwell assay. Cell stemness was detected using a cell spheroidization assay and western blotting. The expression levels of stem cell factors and PI3K/AKT pathway proteins were determined by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis.

Results

SRC-3 and TRAF4 were upregulated in ovarian cancer cell lines. TRAF4 is a downstream factor of SRC-3, and the protein level of TRAF4 was regulated by SRC-3. SRC-3 knockdown reduced TRAF4 expression. Silencing SRC-3 or TRAF4 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as the expression of stem cell factors. Furthermore, sh-TRAF4 as well as treatment with LY294002, the PI3K/Akt inhibitor, inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and PI3K, thus repressing the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in ovarian cancer cell lines. However, TRAF4 overexpression reversed the effect of SRC-3 silencing on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and stemness.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated that SRC-3/TRAF4 promotes ovarian cancer cell growth, migration, invasion, and stemness by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway.
Essential news for clinical practice—thyroid cancer
Authors: Kiesewetter Barbara , Wolff Ladislaia , Raderer Markus
Published: January 2023

Established systemic treatment options for advanced thyroid cancer include the multityrosine kinase inhibitors lenvatinib and sorafenib for radioactive iodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and vandetanib and cabozantinib for medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). Recently, the COSMIC-311 study resulted in approval of cabozantinib for DTC with progression upon lenvatinib and/or sorafenib; thus, for the first time a specific second-line therapy has been defined for these patients. In addition, the therapeutic landscape of thyroid cancer has been expanded by targeted therapies based on molecular tumor profiles. Selective RET inhibitors such as selpercatinib and pralsetinib show high activity in DTC with RET fusions and MTC with RET mutations, respectively. Further targeted treatment options include NTRK inhibitors for thyroid cancers with NTRK fusions and BRAF-targeted therapy for BRAF V600E-mutated (anaplastic) thyroid cancer.
Pubic Accessory Scrotum: a Case Report of a Rare Position
Authors: Elghazeery Mohamed Ahmed , Soliman Ashraf Saad Mohamed
Published: January 2023

Scrotum shows multiple congenital anomalies which could be explained by embryological abnormalities in migration of labioscrotal swelling. Our case was a neonate who had an accessory scrotum in the pubic area at delivery which is a rare position. Ultrasound scan and voiding cystourethrography showed adequate capacity, shouldering and smooth outline with insignificant mild residual urine of bladder, and dilated posterior urethra. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a pubic accessory scrotum with thickened skin and subcutaneous tissue with no detectable internal contents or pelvic connection; however, pelvicalyceal system was dilated suggesting pelviureteric junction obstruction. Excision of accessory scrotum was discussed with parents but they refused. Ultrasound follow-up of the associated congenital hydronephrosis revealed improvement of hydronephosis.
Smart Manufacturing as a Management Strategy to Achieve Sustainable Competitiveness
Authors: Ejaz Muhammad Rahim
Published: January 2023

The aim of this study is to determine whether smart technologies can bring sustainable competitiveness to manufacturing firms and this study attempts to determine it through theoretical linear modelling. This paper reflects on the importance of sustainable competitiveness and means of achieving sustainable competitiveness by highlighting it through analysis of scientific literature review. It explains competitiveness by the means of resources and capabilities, clustering, and public policy. This study also presents an analytical framework that interlinks Quintuple Helix model, Industry 5.0, and sustainable competitive. This study also emphasizes on a management strategy that explains how a manufacturing firm devise a strategy to obtain sustainable competitiveness. A theoretical linear model is developed that identifies digital technologies proven to be the source of manufacturing competitiveness. This work also shed light to the limitations in order to measure or determine competitiveness factor at national, regional, or firm level. For the future researchers, this study provides a baseline to develop a mechanism of measuring competitiveness based on smart technology.
Assessment of thoracic spinal curvatures in static postures using spatially tracked 3D ultrasound volumes: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Meszaros-Beller Laura , Antico Maria , Fontanarosa Davide , Pivonka Peter
Published: January 2023

The assessment of spinal posture is a difficult endeavour given the lack of identifiable bony landmarks for placement of skin markers. Moreover, potentially significant soft tissue artefacts along the spine further affect the accuracy of marker-based approaches. The objective of this proof-of-concept study was to develop an experimental framework to assess spinal postures by using three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound (US) imaging. A phantom spine model immersed in water was scanned using 3D US in a neutral and two curved postures mimicking a forward flexion in the sagittal plane while the US probe was localised by three electromagnetic tracking sensors attached to the probe head. The obtained anatomical ‘coarse’ registrations were further refined using an automatic registration algorithm and validated by an experienced sonographer. Spinal landmarks were selected in the US images and validated against magnetic resonance imaging data of the same phantom through image registration. Their position was then related to the location of the tracking sensors identified in the acquired US volumes, enabling the localisation of landmarks in the global coordinate system of the tracking device. Results of this study show that localised 3D US enables US-based anatomical reconstructions comparable to clinical standards and the identification of spinal landmarks in different postures of the spine. The accuracy in sensor identification was 0.49 mm on average while the intra- and inter-observer reliability in sensor identification was strongly correlated with a maximum deviation of 0.8 mm. Mapping of landmarks had a small relative distance error of 0.21 mm (SD = ± 0.16) on average. This study implies that localised 3D US holds the potential for the assessment of full spinal posture by accurately and non-invasively localising vertebrae in space.
Zu unangenehm, zu viel Aufwand oder keine Möglichkeit? – Emotionen und Bereitschaft von Lehramtsstudierenden zur Videografie eigenen Unterrichts
Authors: Vogelsang Christoph , Pollmeier Pascal , Gockeln Theresa , Rogge Tim
Published: January 2023

Videografien eigenen Unterrichts sind ein mögliches methodisches Werkzeug zur Förderung der professionellen Kompetenz angehender Lehrkräfte, das allerdings innerhalb der Lehramtsausbildung noch nicht breit implementiert ist. Ein möglicher Grund hierfür könnte neben organisatorischen Herausforderungen auch in einer geringen Akzeptanz von Eigenvideografien durch Lehramtsstudierende liegen. Um besser abschätzen zu können, mit welchen Voraussetzungen affektiv-emotionaler Art bei einer breiteren Implementierung im Lehramtsstudium gerechnet werden kann, wurden N = 938 Lehramtsstudierende im Masterstudium an der Universität Paderborn zu ihren Emotionen und Bereitschaften zur Arbeit mit Eigenvideografien befragt. Dabei wurde auch erfasst, wie sich diese je nach bestehenden Erfahrungen zur Arbeit mit Videografien unterscheiden. In den Ergebnissen zeigen sich kaum affektiv-emotionale Reaktionen zur Eigenvideografie, und wenn, vor allem Gefühle der Unsicherheit. Zu beachten ist, dass zwar bei gut der Hälfte der Studierenden eine eher hohe generelle Bereitschaft zur Eigenvideografie besteht, eine konkrete Intention bzw. eine konkrete Volition zur Videografie aber geringer ist. Die ca. 10 % der Studierenden mit Eigenvideografieerfahrung im Studium zeigen erwartungsgemäß höhere Bereitschaften, aber unerwartet keine signifikant positiveren Emotionen. Insgesamt verdeutlichen die Ergebnisse, dass bzgl. der Akzeptanz der Studierenden ein höheres Potenzial zur Implementation von Eigenvideografien im Studium vorliegt, als aktuell ausgeschöpft wird.
Thermal analysis of parts produced by L-PBF and correlation with dimensional accuracy
Authors: Fournet-Fayard Lucas , Cayron Charles , Koutiri Imade , Lapouge Pierre , Guy Jason , Dupuy Corinne , Obaton Anne-Françoise
Published: January 2023

Laser-Power Bed Fusion (L-PBF) is continuing to grow in use among the industrial field. This process allows the manufacturing of parts with complex geometry, good dimensional accuracy, and few post-processing steps. However, deviations can still be observed on the final parts. It is known in the literature that all of these deviations can be imputed to some extent to thermal phenomena such as overheating or thermal gradient through residual stress relaxation. The objective of this study is to reach a better understanding of the influence of the thermal properties on the dimensional accuracy of parts produced by L-PBF. To do so, an infrared camera has been instrumented inside the machine, allowing the determination of the temperature of parts during the process. Thin walls with different process parameters (laser power, scanning speed…) and nominal dimensions were manufactured and measured afterwards with a coordinate measuring machine (CMM). Thermal acquisitions were performed at different moments during the fabrication and give access to the cooling rate of the observed parts. Least square fitting has been used to approximate the cooling rate function and returns characteristic times that are used to compare the different manufacturing configurations. In the end, a correlation has been established between the process parameters, the thermal parameters, and the dimensional accuracy of the parts. Form deviations, possibly due to residual stress, have only been observed on the thinnest wall, which is also the part with the highest measured thermal gradients. Other form deviations were due to roughness.
Intersectional Approaches to Minority Aging Research
Authors: Thomas Tobin Courtney S. , Gutiérrez Ángela , Farmer Heather R. , Erving Christy L. , Hargrove Taylor W.
Published: January 2023

Purpose of Review

Growing racial/ethnic diversity among America’s older adults necessitates additional research specifically focused on health and well-being among aging minoritized populations. Although Black and Latinx adults in the USA tend to face worse health outcomes as they age, substantial evidence points to unexpected health patterns (e.g., the race paradox in mental health, the Latino health paradox) that challenge our understanding of health and aging among these populations. In this review, we demonstrate the value of intersectionality theory for clarifying these health patterns and highlight the ways that intersectionality has been applied to minority aging research. To advance the field, we also make several recommendations for incorporating intersectional approaches in future scholarship on minority aging.

Recent Findings

Scholars have applied intersectional approaches to health and aging to unravel how social statuses and social conditions, such as race, ethnicity, gender, nativity, incarceration history, geographic region, and age, produce distinct shared experiences that shape health trajectories through multiple mechanisms.

We highlight common intersectional approaches used in minority aging research and underscore the value of this perspective for elucidating the complex, and often unexpected, health patterns of aging minoritized populations. We identify several key lessons and propose recommendations to advance scholarship on minority aging.
Studies on Geometrical Features of Tool Wear and Other Important Machining Characteristics in Sustainable Turning of Aluminium Alloys
Authors: Gupta Munish Kumar , Niesłony P. , Sarikaya Murat , Korkmaz Mehmet Erdi , Kuntoğlu Mustafa , Królczyk G. M.
Published: January 2023

The aerospace and automotive industries make extensive use of aluminium and its alloys. Contrarily, machining of aluminium (Al) alloys presents a number of difficulties, including, but not limited to, poor surface finishing, excessive tool wear, decreased productivity etc. Therefore, it’s very important to measure the machining characteristics during machining of aluminium alloy with sustainable cooling strategies. In this work, a new approach of measurement was adopted to measure the critical geometrical aspects of tool wear, surface roughness, power consumption and microhardness while machining AA2024-T351 alloy under dry, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL), liquid nitrogen (LN2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) cooling conditions. Initially, the various aspects of tool wear were studied with the help of Sensofar Confocal Microscope integrated with Mountains map software and then, the other results such as surface roughness, power consumption and microhardness were measured as per the ISO standards. The outcome of these measurement studies confirms that LN2 and CO2 cooling is helpful in improving the machining characteristics of AA2024-T351 alloy. When compared to dry conditions, the surface roughness values of MQL, LN2, and CO2 all have values that are lowered by 11.90%, 30.95%, and 39.28% respectively, and also power consumption values were lowered by 3.11%, 6.46% and 11.5% for MQL, CO2 and LN2 conditions, respectively.
Export and variability in the innovative status
Authors: Tomàs-Porres Josep , Segarra-Blasco Agustí , Teruel Mercedes
Published: January 2023

The nature of innovation persistence is still open to debate. In this paper, we attempt to shed some light to the topic by providing a novel analysis of the impact of exporting strategies on changes in innovative status. We derive exhaustive information regarding the innovative behavior of firms using a large sample extracted from the Spanish Technological Innovation Panel. Applying both a multinomial and a random-effects probabilistic approach, we observe that exporting experience is relevant to guarantee stability in innovation activities. However, firms exporting only to the EU are comparatively less persistent than those with a broader geographical range, as nearer and safer markets provide less incentives to innovation activities than engaging in broader commercial ventures.
Sustainable Recovery of Cobalt from Aqueous Solutions Using an Optimized Mesoporous Carbon
Authors: Conte Naby , Díez Eduardo , Almendras Brigitte , Gómez José María , Rodríguez Araceli
Published: January 2023

The aim of this paper is to employ a factorial design to optimize the activation step in the synthesis process of a mesoporous-activated carbon to be used as adsorbent for removing and recovering cobalt ions from aqueous solutions. This activation has been carried out in a tubular furnace in the presence of an air stream, following a 23 factorial design. According to the obtained results, the best activation conditions to reach a maximum cobalt removal are mild conditions, low activation temperatures and large times, while the air flow seems to be positive influence working in a low level. This is due to the enhancement of superficial oxygenated groups formation in these conditions, responsible of the adsorption process. The kinetic curve obtained for the adsorbent prepared at the most favorable conditions showed that the adsorption process was very fast and efficient, reaching equilibrium in 15 min, and was properly described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic, typical of the processes in which there are no diffusion limitations. Additionally, with the aim of studying the potential of metal recovery, desorption studies were performed. Sulfuric acid as stripping agent led to twofold Co preconcentration ratio, by reducing the desorption volume to the quarter.

Graphical Abstract
Some Appell–Dunkl Sequences
Authors: Mínguez Ceniceros Judit
Published: January 2023

Some examples of Appell–Dunkl sequences are shown using determined operators. Specifically, Appell–Dunkl sequences whose generating functions are of the form $$E_{\alpha }(xt)/(1\pm t^m)$$

E
α

(
x
t
)

/

(
1
±

t
m

)

, where the function $$E_{\alpha }(xt)$$

E
α

(
x
t
)

is given in terms of Bessel functions. Particular cases of these examples are also generated by means of the inverse of the Dunkl operator.
Navigating complexity: globalization narratives in China and the West
Authors: Roberts Anthea , Lamp Nicolas
Published: January 2023

Relations between China and the West appear to be caught in a downward spiral. In the West, there is a widespread perception that China has unduly benefited from economic globalization, while in China, there appears to be increasing concern that the West is seeking to contain China’s rise. In this essay, we argue that the picture is more complex. We first discuss the highly varied ways in which China appears in Western narratives about economic globalization. We then sketch our understanding of how different narratives about globalization are playing out in China. Our approach highlights the diversity of perspectives within and between the West and China. How countries, companies, and individuals navigate this complexity depends not just on the rise and fall of narratives within the West and China, but also on how these narratives intersect and interact with each other.
Arrested Cells/Cellular Debris Expelled from Blastocysts Is Self-Correction Phenomenon During Early Embryonic Development
Authors: Wang Xiaoxia , Zhao Jing , Yao Zhongyuan , Xia Qiuping , Chang Tianli , Zeng Jun , Liu Jiaqi , Li Yanping , Zhu Huimin
Published: January 2023

Arrested cells/
cellular debris is component left in the zona pellucida after blastocyst hatching. To identify whether expelling arrested cells/cellular debris from blastocysts is a process of human embryo self-correction by eliminating abnormal cells, 21 pairs of trophectoderm (TE) biopsies and the corresponding arrested cells/cellular debris expelled from the blastocysts from July to December 2020 were collected and analyzed using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Then, the NGS results of TE biopsies and the corresponding arrested cells/cellular debris were compared. We identified that 47.6% of blastocysts (10/21) were aneuploidies and mosaicism. A total of 18 groups of arrested cells/cellular debris (85.7%) expelled from blastocysts were abnormal, including nine aneuploid embryos and nine euploid embryos. In the arrested cells/cellular debris, all the chromosomes were affected. In conclusion, mosaicism and aneuploidies are common features of early embryonic development, and the arrested cells/cellular debris expelled from blastocysts provides evidence of early embryonic self-correction.
Uncertainty in Child Custody Cases After Parental Separation: Context and Decision-Making Process
Authors: de Alcântara Mendes Josimar Antônio , Ormerod Thomas
Published: January 2023

Context factors (e.g. a family’s developmental crisis) can affect the child custody decision-making process and the child’s best interests after parental separation. But what are these context factors, and how can they vary across different cultures and legal systems? This paper reports a cross-cultural qualitative study funded by the Brazilian Ministry of Education and was carried out under a Naturalistic Decision-making approach. This study addresses context factors that impact the decision-making of experienced legal actors working in child custody cases. Interviews were conducted with 73 legal actors (judges, prosecutors, lawyers, psychologists, and social workers) in Brazil and England. The data gathered were analysed employing a reflexive thematic analysis that generated seven themes addressing how uncertainty is structured by context factors in child custody cases after parental separation. The themes generated encompassed three domains (‘family’, ‘family court’, and ‘legal-psychosocial’) that draw attention to the sources of uncertainty in child custody cases, especially to the role of contextual players (family and children) in the child custody decision-making process.
Simple rules outperform machine learning for personnel selection: insights from the 3rd annual SIOP machine learning competition
Authors: Harman Jason L. , Scheuerman Jaelle
Published: January 2023

Machine learning (ML) algorithms are often assumed to be the most accurate way of producing predictive models despite problems with explainability and adverse impact. The 3rd annual Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology Machine Learning Competition sought to find ML models for personnel selection that could balance the best of ML prediction with the constraint of minimizing selection bias based on race and gender. To test the possible advantages of simple rules over ML algorithms, we entered a simple and explainable rule-based model inspired by recent advances in model comparison. This simple model outperformed most ML models entered and was comparable to the top performers while retaining positive qualities such as explainability and transparency.
Leveraging machine learning and blockchain in E-commerce and beyond: benefits, models, and application
Authors: Jebamikyous Hrag , Li Menglu , Suhas Yoga , Kashef Rasha
Published: January 2023

Blockchain technology (BT) allows market participants to keep track of digital transactions without central recordkeeping. The features of blockchain, including decentralization, persistency, and attack resistance, allow data security and privacy. Machine learning (ML) involves the analytical platform on a massive amount of data to provide precise decisions. Since data reliability, integration, and data security are crucial in machine learning, the emergence of blockchain technology and machine learning has become a unique, most disruptive, and trending research in the last few years, achieving comparable and precise performance. The combination of blockchain and machine learning (BT–ML) has been applied across different applications to assist decision-makers in retrieving valuable data insights while preserving privacy and integration. This paper summarizes the state-of-the-art research in combing BT and ML in e-commerce and other various applications, including healthcare, smart transportation, and the Internet of Things (IoT). The challenges and benefits of integrating machine learning and blockchain technologies are outlined in the paper. We also discuss the advantages and limitations of current algorithms in the BT–ML integration. This paper provides a roadmap for researchers to pave the way for current and future research directions in combing the BT and ML research areas.
We vote for the person, not the policies: a systematic review on how personality traits influence voting behaviour
Authors: Falcão Filipe , Sousa Bárbara , Pereira Daniela S. M. , Andrade Renato , Moreira Pedro , Quialheiro Anna , Jalali Carlos , Costa Patrício
Published: January 2023

Western democracies’ voting practices have altered recently, most notably with candidates now taking center stage at the expense of the institutions. These events are the result of a phenomenon called the personalisation of politics. The present review aims to synthesize evidence regarding the impact of voters’ evaluation of candidates’ traits on political outcomes and the effects of voters’ traits on voting. Included studies were identified via electronic databases (up to July 2019). Reviewers extracted data respecting inclusion and exclusion criteria. Methodological quality was assessed independently by two reviewers. Data synthesis was executed through narrative processes. 288 studies were identified, 12 of which were selected for review. Four main outcomes were found: (i) Personality traits and voting behaviour; (ii) Implicit/explicit trait associations and political outcomes; (iii) Party identification and personality traits; and (iv) Ideology and personality traits. Data obtained suggests that political outcomes are heavily influenced by voters’ personality traits and how they perceive the personality traits of the candidates. This review advances the theory of personality trait matching and establishes a connection between traits and the personalization of politics.
Transformation from Urban and Rural Planning to Territory Spatial Planning
Authors: Sun Shiwen
Published: January 2023

Through reviewed the development process of urban and rural planning in China and other countries, the paper discusses the necessity and inevitability of territory spatial planning and the major changes in the territory spatial plan-preparing comparing to the urban and rural plan-preparing. Urban planners want to do the work of territory spatial plan-preparing must shift thinking pattern and change working method. The paper further reveals the differences between the two planning systems, and the features of territory spatial planning: the system based on the “one map” institution which bands various plans together; the plans covers all elements in a domain and all kinds of space-use activities which need epistemology and values based on the ecological civilization idea; the comprehensive application of transmission mechanism and varied management and control modes which combines the multiple means of governance and public intervention. The planners must learn to adjust the relationship between various space-uses in the real situation to improve and promote its quality and achieve planning goals.