bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ukrainian Shield in Defense of European Civilization: Chronology and Periodization
Authors: Kotlyar Yuriy , Lymar Marharyta
Published: November 2023

This article demonstrates how the ‘Ukrainian Shield’ has protected European civilization for more than a thousand years of turbulence. The article also develops a periodization of this phenomenon.

Scientific novelty. Despite a thorough study of some aspects of the topic, the Ukrainian Shield hypothesis as a unifying theme has not been adequately covered in Ukrainian historiography. The authors show the leading role of Ukraine in the struggle against various enemies who tried to conquer European countries, and we define the chronological boundaries and develop a periodization of this process.

Methodology. The study uses a civilizational approach, methods of analogy and periodization, historical, chronological comparative and analytical methods.

Conclusions. For more than 1155 years, the Ukrainian Crystal Shield has defended European civilization from various enemies, with the Ukrainian population bearing an enormous cost. This process began in 867, when the legendary Kyivan Princes Askold and Dir defeated the Pechenegs, and continues in 2023, when Ukrainians stopped the resurgent Moscow horde that threatens the whole world.

The periodization of the Ukrainian Shield was developed on the basis of the stages of Ukrainian statehood. Stage I. Princely Statehood: wars with the Pechenegs (867-1036); with the Torks (1055-1060); with the Polovtsians (Cumans) (1060-1238); with the Mongol-Tatars (1223-1241). Stage II. Cossack Era: confrontation with the Turks and Tatars (1478-1775). Stage III. The Ukrainian National Revolution: the struggle of the Ukrainian insurgency against the march of the Bolsheviks’ World Revolution (1917-1923). Stage IV. The Modern Ukrainian Independent State: the Russian-Ukrainian war (2014-2023).

The Ukrainian Shield protected European civilization from the Pechenegs, Torks, Polovtsians, Mongol-Tatars, Turks, Bolsheviks, and continues to protect it from Russian aggression since February 24, 2022. For 667 years out of the past 1155 years, Ukraine has been engaged in open conflict to repel invaders. Many of the “peaceful” years were spent preparing for the next onslaught. These long and bloody wars, often waged against superior opponents, has required enormous effort, along with material and human resources from Ukrainians. The principal beneficiaries of Ukrainian heroism have been the peoples of central and western Europe.

Funding. The article is published within the international project Erasmus+ in the direction of Jean Monnet Module «Implementation of European values as a basis of democracy in Ukraine»  (EVADEM – 101085843 – ERASMUS-JMO-2022-MODULE).
Історичні колективні травми: особливості прийняття та подолання
Authors: Makliuk Olha , Bessonova Maryna
Published: November 2023

Мета дослідження – проаналізувати основні підходи до інтерпретацій поняття «історична травма», й окреслити основні виміри історичних колективних травм і підходів до їх подолання.

Наукова новизна. Визначені основні інтерпретації поняття «історична травма» та спорідненого поняття «історична пам’ять»; окреслені міждисциплінарні підходи до вивчення історичних колективних травм; проведено порівняльну характеристику основних наративів, пов’язаних з історичними колективними травмами в європейському та російському суспільствах.

Висновки. Виявлено, що дослідження «історичних травм» є відносно новим для істориків і має міждисциплінарний характер. Це поняття має численні варіації («культурна травма», «колективна травма», «міжгенераційна травма», «колоніальна травма»). З одного боку, це ускладнює його чітке визначення, а з іншого – дозволяє усвідомити важливі нюанси та певну спеціалізацію досліджень колективної травми в рамках власних підходів соціології, психології, філософії, культурології, історії та навіть біології.

Визначено, що існують різні стратегії подолання історичних колективних травм. Виявлено, що європейські країни демонструють конструктивний (історична колективна травма перетворюється на історичний наратив) підхід, а Росія – деструктивний (формування агресивної ідеології).

В європейських країнах здійснюються спроби подолати історичні колективні травми через створення відповідного історичного наративу без уникнення «незручних» тем. Виявлено, що російське суспільство, замість конструктивного опрацювання історичних колективних травм, пов’язаних з Другою світовою та Холодною війнами – націлено на формування образу нового/старого зовнішнього ворога (США, колективний Захід, НАТО, а тепер і Україна), що не тільки не сприяє компенсації старих травм, а й формує нові.

Запропоновані приклади подолання історичних колективних травм в європейському та російському суспільствах ілюструють не стільки різноманіття підходів і стратегій «роботи над травмою», скільки специфіку цих суспільств.

Фінансування. Статтю підготовлено в рамках проекту Європейського Союзу за програмою Еразмус+, напрям Жана Моне 620386-EPP-1-2020-1-UA-EPPJMO-MODULE TEMPUS (“Tailoring European Memory Politics for Peacemaking in Ukrainian Society”).
Effects of different anesthetic depths monitored by processed EEG analysis on glandular secretion in patients undergoing laparoscopic total hysterectomy
Authors: Xia Ling-yi , Zhang Qian , Zhuo Ming , Deng Zi-hao , Huang Ke-nv , Zhong Mao-lin
Published: November 2023

Background

The objective of this study was to find ways to reduce intraoperative glandular secretion in patients by observing the effects of different depths of anesthesia on glandular secretion under Narcotrend monitoring (NT), to reduce the use of unnecessary anticholinergic drugs, and to improve the quality of anesthesia and patient comfort.

Methods

Ninety patients who underwent total laparoscopic hysterectomy were randomly divided into three groups. Group L: intraoperative maintenance of anesthesia depth D0–D2, group M: intraoperative maintenance of anesthesia depth E0–E1, group H: long tocopherol 0.01 mg/kg was administered intravenously 10 min before surgery without monitoring the depth of anesthesia, and the mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and adverse effects were compared in each group at six time points. The salivary secretion and respiratory gland secretion were compared among the groups.

Results

Salivary secretion under general anesthesia decreased in all three groups compared with the basal value (P < 0.05), with the smallest decrease in group L (P < 0.05) and the largest decrease in group H (P < 0.001). The amount of respiratory gland secretion during the whole operation was from more to less in the order of group L, group M and group H. The dry mouth visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were lower in groups L and M than in group H (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

General anesthesia suppresses the patient's glandular secretion, and the suppression becomes more pronounced as the anesthesia deepens. Maintaining the depth of anesthesia E0–E1 can effectively reduce the patient's glandular secretion, more stable intraoperative vital signs, and more comfortable patient awakening period without increasing the incidence of adverse reactions.

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry

http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=147905, identifier ChiCTR2200055422.
Pyramiding stacking of multigenes (PSM): a simple, flexible and efficient multigene stacking system based on Gibson assembly and gateway cloning
Authors: Zeng Dongdong , Jing Cuiyuan , Tang Lin , He Peng , Zhang Jie
Published: November 2023

Genetic engineering of complex metabolic pathways and multiple traits often requires the introduction of multiple genes. The construction of plasmids carrying multiple DNA fragments plays a vital role in these processes. In this study, the Gibson assembly and Gateway cloning combined Pyramiding Stacking of Multigenes (PSM) system was developed to assemble multiple transgenes into a single T-DNA. Combining the advantages of Gibson assembly and Gateway cloning, the PSM system uses an inverted pyramid stacking route and allows fast, flexible and efficient stacking of multiple genes into a binary vector. The PSM system contains two modular designed entry vectors (each containing two different attL sites and two selectable markers) and one Gateway-compatible destination vector (containing four attR sites and two negative selection markers). The target genes are primarily assembled into the entry vectors via two parallel rounds of Gibson assembly reactions. Then, the cargos in the entry constructs are integrated into the destination vector via a single tube Gateway LR reaction. To demonstrate PSM’s capabilities, four and nine gene expression cassettes were respectively assembled into the destination vector to generate two binary expression vectors. The transgenic analysis of these constructs in Arabidopsis demonstrated the reliability of the constructs generated by PSM. Due to its flexibility, simplicity and versatility, PSM has great potential for genetic engineering, synthetic biology and the improvement of multiple traits.
Potential of periosteal cells in bone and cartilage regeneration: a systematic review
Authors: Cao Rongkai , Chen Beibei , Li Qianru , Qiu Piaopiao , Liang Xiaojie , Cao Yujie
Published: November 2023

Introduction: The unavailability of adequate human primary cells presents multiple challenges in terms of bone and cartilage regeneration and disease modeling experiments in vitro. Periosteal cells (PCs), which represent promising skeletal stem cell sources, could be a promising strategy in tissue engineering. The present study aimed to summarize the characteristics of PCs to investigate the efficacy of these cells in bone and cartilage regeneration in different models, paying special attention to the comparison of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs).

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in Embase, PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus for articles published in English until April 2023. Only original researches in which PCs were employed for bone or cartilage regeneration experiments were included.

Results: A total of 9140 references were retrieved. After screening the results, 36 publications were considered to be eligible for inclusion in the present literature review. Overall, PCs demonstrated beneficial bone and cartilage regenerative efficacy compared to the bare scaffold since almost all included studies reported positive results. The 9 studies assessing the differences in bone formation capacity between PCs and BMSCs indicated that PCs exhibited stronger in vivo osteogenic differentiation capabilities compared to BMSCs, while the other study demonstrated stronger chondrogenic potential of BMSCs.

Discussion: PCs demonstrated beneficial to bone regenerative efficacy compared to the bare scaffold with a low risk of most studies included. However, the cartilage formation capacity of BMSCs still needs to be investigated due to the limited research available and the certain risk of bias. PCs exhibited higher osteogenic capabilities compared to BMSCs in combination with various scaffolds in vivo with good evidence. Further researches are needed to elucidate the comparative benefits of cartilage regeneration.

Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023411522, CRD42023411522.
YOLO-LHD: an enhanced lightweight approach for helmet wearing detection in industrial environments
Authors: Hu Lianhua , Ren Jiaqi
Published: November 2023

Establishing a lightweight yet high-precision object detection algorithm is paramount for accurately assessing workers’ helmet-wearing status in intricate industrial settings. Helmet detection is inherently challenging due to factors like the diminutive target size, intricate backgrounds, and the need to strike a balance between model compactness and detection accuracy. In this paper, we propose YOLO-LHD (You Only Look Once-Lightweight Helmet Detection), an efficient framework built upon the YOLOv8 object detection model. The proposed approach enhances the model’s ability to detect small targets in complex scenes by incorporating the Coordinate attention mechanism and Focal loss function, which introduce high-resolution features and large-scale detection heads. Additionally, we integrate the improved Ghostv2 module into the backbone feature extraction network to further improve the balance between model accuracy and size. We evaluated our method on MHWD dataset established in this study and compared it with the baseline model YOLOv8n. The proposed YOLO-LHD model achieved a reduction of 66.1% in model size while attaining the best 94.3% mAP50 with only 0.86M parameters. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach in achieving lightweight deployment and high-precision helmet detection.
The improvement effect of apple cider vinegar as a functional food on anthropometric indices, blood glucose and lipid profile in diabetic patients: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Jafarirad Sima , Elahi Mohammad-Reza , Mansoori Anahita , Khanzadeh Abdollah , Haghighizadeh Mohammad-Hossein
Published: November 2023

Background

Numerous medical costs are spent each year on treating and preventing the progression of diabetes. The positive effect of apple cider vinegar (ACV) has been shown on post-prandial hyperglycemia. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of prolonged consumption of ACV on blood glucose indices and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

This study was a randomized clinical trial and the participants were adults with type 2 diabetes. Participants were divided into two groups: ACV and control. The ACV group was treated with 30 ml of ACV per day. Both the intervention and control groups received the same recommendation for a healthy diet. Before and after eight weeks, fasting blood glucose, insulin, hemoglobin A1C, insulin resistance, total cholesterol (Chol), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride were measured.

Results

Fasting blood glucose decreased after intervention in both groups, which was only significant in the ACV group (p = 0.01). There was a significant difference in hemoglobin A1C levels between the two groups (p < 0.001) after eight weeks. LDL was decreased in the ACV group (p < 0.001). Total Chol, LDL/HDL and Chol/HDL ratio decreased after the intervention period in the ACV group compared to the control group (p = 0.003, p = 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion

Daily consumption of ACV may have beneficial effects in controlling blood glucose indices and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Clinical trial registration

http://www.irct.ir, identifier IRCT20140107016123N13.
Governing the emissive properties of 4-aminobiphenyl-2-pyrimidine push–pull systems via the restricted torsion of N,N-disubstituted amino groups
Authors: Cortés-Villena Alejandro , Soriano-Díaz Iván , Domínguez Moisés , Vidal Matías , Rojas Pablo , Aliaga Carolina , Giussani Angelo , Doménech-Carbó Antonio , Ortí Enrique , Galian Raquel E. , Pérez-Prieto Julia
Published: November 2023

Donor–acceptor-substituted biphenyl derivatives are particularly interesting model compounds, which exhibit intramolecular charge transfer because of the extent of charge transfer between both substituents. The connection of a 4-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl-2-pyrimidinyl) moiety to differently disubstituted amino groups at the biphenyl terminal can offer push–pull compounds with distinctive photophysical properties. Herein, we report a comprehensive study of the influence of the torsion angle of the disubstituted amino group on the emissive properties of two pull–push systems: 4-[4-(4-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl)phenyl]-2,6-diphenylpyrimidine (D1) and 4-[4-(4-N,N-diphenylaminophenyl)phenyl]-2,6-diphenylpyrimidine (D2). The torsion angle of the disubstituted amino group, either N,N-dimethyl-amine or N,N-diphenyl-amine, at the biphenyl end governs their emissive properties. A drastic fluorescence quenching occurs in D1 as the solvent polarity increases, whereas D2 maintains its emission independently of the solvent polarity. Theoretical calculations on D1 support the presence of a twisted geometry for the lowest energy, charge-transfer excited state (S1,90), which corresponds to the minimum energy structure in polar solvents and presents a small energy barrier to move from the excited to the ground state, thereby favoring the non-radiative pathway and reducing the fluorescence efficiency. In contrast, this twisted structure is absent in D2 due to the steric hindrance of the phenyl groups attached to the amine group, making the non-radiative decay less favorable. Our findings provide insights into the crucial role of the substituent in the donor moiety of donor–acceptor systems on both the singlet excited state and the intramolecular charge-transfer process.
Case Report: Upper limb superficial venous thrombosis associated with oral contraceptives mimicking soft tissue mass
Authors: Song Jun Hyeong , Chun Kyoung-Chul , Han Gwan Hee , Yang Seung-Woo , Yoon Sang-Hee , Yuk Jin-Sung , Ahn Jaeki , Nam Sang Hyun , Kim Jongwoo , Kim Myounghwan
Published: November 2023

Background

Venous thrombosis associated with the use of oral contraceptives (OCs) occurs mostly in the deep veins of the lower extremity. A lesion of the upper extremity is rare, and the majority of thrombotic events that occur in the superficial vein of the upper extremity are caused by intravenous catheters. We present a rare case of superficial venous thrombus on the upper extremity in a woman with a history of long-term OC use.

Case presentation

A 35-year-old woman, with an 8-year history of OC use, presented with a 2-year history of painfully palpable masses on her left forearm. The lesion mimicking soft tissue mass was confirmed to be superficial venous thrombi through ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. Conservative treatment including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, vasoprotective agents, and aspirin was prescribed. Through consultation with the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, it was confirmed that the current OCs could be discontinued, and the pain was almost relieved after conservative treatment.

Conclusions

If thrombotic events occur in the superficial vein of the upper extremity without intravenous catheters, detailed medical history taking and the possibility of OCs should be considered.
Drugs for spontaneous coronary dissection: a few untrusted options
Authors: Ilic Ivan , Radunovic Anja , Timcic Stefan , Odanovic Natalija , Radoicic Dragana , Dukuljev Natasa , Krljanac Gordana , Otasevic Petar , Apostolovic Svetlana
Published: November 2023

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a rare cause of acute coronary syndrome that is often overlooked, misdiagnosed, and maltreated. Medical treatment poses a significant challenge because of the lack of randomized studies to guide treatment. The initial clinical presentation should guide medical and interventional management. Fibrinolytic agents and anticoagulants should be avoided because they could favor hematoma propagation. In patients with SCAD, antiplatelet therapy should be prescribed especially dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) consisting of aspirin and clopidogrel, whereas potent P2Y12 inhibitors, e.g., ticagrelor and prasugrel, should be avoided. If a stent was used, DAPT should be continued for 12 months. Aspirin only can be an option for patients without “high-risk” angiographic features—thrombus burden, critical stenosis, and decreased coronary flow. Beta-blocking (BB) agents should be used to prevent recurrence of SCAD. There is a general agreement that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin-receptor blockers, mineralocorticoid antagonists, and loop diuretics should be used in patients with SCAD experiencing the symptoms of heart failure and a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction below 50%. Although without firm evidence, statins can be used in SCAD due to their pleiotropic properties. The results of a randomized trial on the use of BB and statins are awaited. Aggregation of data from national registries might point out truly beneficial medications for patients with SCAD.
Artificial intelligence-enabled 8-lead ECG detection of atrial septal defect among adults: a novel diagnostic tool
Authors: Luo Qiushi , Zhu Hongling , Zhu Jiabing , Li Yi , Yu Yang , Lei Lei , Lin Fan , Zhou Minghe , Cui Longyan , Zhu Tao , Li Xuefei , Zuo Huakun , Yang Xiaoyun
Published: November 2023

Background

Patients with atrial septal defect (ASD) exhibit distinctive electrocardiogram (ECG) patterns. However, ASD cannot be diagnosed solely based on these differences. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely used for specifically diagnosing cardiovascular diseases other than arrhythmia. Our study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence-enabled 8-lead ECG to detect ASD among adults.

Method

In this study, our AI model was trained and validated using 526 ECGs from patients with ASD and 2,124 ECGs from a control group with a normal cardiac structure in our hospital. External testing was conducted at Wuhan Central Hospital, involving 50 ECGs from the ASD group and 46 ECGs from the normal group. The model was based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) with a residual network to classify 8-lead ECG data into either the ASD or normal group. We employed a 10-fold cross-validation approach.

Results

Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in the cited ECG features between the ASD and normal groups. Our AI model performed well in identifying ECGs in both the ASD group [accuracy of 0.97, precision of 0.90, recall of 0.97, specificity of 0.97, F1 score of 0.93, and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.99] and the normal group within the training and validation datasets from our hospital. Furthermore, these corresponding indices performed impressively in the external test data set with the accuracy of 0.82, precision of 0.90, recall of 0.74, specificity of 0.91, F1 score of 0.81 and the AUC of 0.87. And the series of experiments of subgroups to discuss specific clinic situations associated to this issue was remarkable as well.

Conclusion

An ECG-based detection of ASD using an artificial intelligence algorithm can be achieved with high diagnostic performance, and it shows great clinical promise. Our research on AI-enabled 8-lead ECG detection of ASD in adults is expected to provide robust references for early detection of ASD, healthy pregnancies, and related decision-making. A lower number of leads is also more favorable for the application of portable devices, which it is expected that this technology will bring significant economic and societal benefits.
Distribution of dissolved methane in seawater from the East China Sea to the Ryukyu forearc
Authors: Toki Tomohiro , Chibana Hideki , Shimabukuro Teppei , Yamakawa Yo
Published: November 2023

Methane is a greenhouse gas, and the East China Sea acts as a source of emissions to the atmosphere. On the other hand, the distribution of methane concentration in the Ryukyu Arc shelf and forearc region has not been clarified. Therefore, we investigated the continental slope and continental shelf areas from the Okinawa Trough to the landward side and the island shelf and forearc areas to the seaward side of the East China Sea. The methane concentration in the Kuroshio Current region was very low, and the methane concentration in the seawater just above the seafloor in the area directly above the hydrothermal systems was exceptionally high. In addition, methane concentration in seawater just above the seafloor where cold seeps and mud volcanoes are known is higher than the background, and higher methane concentrations were found in continental slope area and the island shelf area. The results suggest the existence of previously unreported methane sources such as cold seeps and mud volcanoes in the continental slope region and the island shelf region.
Impact of endometrial compaction on reproductive outcomes after cryotransfer of euploid embryos in a modified natural cycle: protocol for a prospective cohort study
Authors: De la Torre Perez Esperanza , Carratalá-Munuera Maria Concepción , Castillo-Farfán Juan Carlos , Lledó-Bosch Belén , Moliner-Renau Belén , Bernabeu-García Andrea , Bernabeu-Pérez Rafael
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Embryo implantation is a complex and poorly understood process. Most studies to date have focused on the analysis of the endometrium at the end of the estrogenic phase, while the available data on its importance after secretory transformation are limited and inconsistent. Current evidence does not allow for a conclusive interpretation of the changes observed in the pre-implantation endometrium, whether in the natural or replacement cycle, and their relevance in the development of a pregnancy or the implications for clinical practice.

Methods

Multicenter prospective observational cohort study. Based on our sample size calculation, the study group will consist of 206 women (exposed or “compaction” group: 103 women with a decrease of ≥ 5% in endometrial thickness between the estrogenic phase and the day of embryo transfer; non-exposed “non-compaction” group: 103 women with similar or greater endometrial thickness between these time points). The main objective of this study is to compare the ongoing pregnancy rates in natural cycles for euploid embryo transfer in patients who present endometrial compaction at the time of transfer versus those who with a stable or greater endometrial thickness with respect to the estrogenic phase. The estimated duration of the study is 30 months. Inclusion criteria are: 18 to 50 years of age, with primary or secondary infertility, subjected to endometrial preparation in a modified natural cycle for transfer of a genetically euploid blastocyst, from their own oocyte or oocyte donation, with a normal uterine cavity. Exclusion criteria are: uterine or endometrial disease (e.g., multiple myomatosis, severe adenomyosis, Asherman syndrome, refractory endometrium), conditions that prevent correct ultrasound assessment (tilted uterus), or a history of recurrent implantation failure or repeated miscarriages.

Discussion

The findings from this study will provide valuable insights into the potential influence of the “endometrial compaction” phenomenon on reproductive outcomes during natural cycle endometrial preparation. By examining this aspect, we aim to contribute to a better understanding of the factors that may impact successful outcomes in fertility treatments.
Autoimmune primary adrenal insufficiency -current diagnostic approaches and future perspectives
Authors: Wolff Anette S. B. , Kucuka Isil , Oftedal Bergithe E.
Published: November 2023

The adrenal glands are small endocrine glands located on top of each kidney, producing hormones regulating important functions in our body like metabolism and stress. There are several underlying causes for adrenal insufficiency, where an autoimmune attack by the immune system is the most common cause. A number of genes are known to confer early onset adrenal disease in monogenic inheritance patterns, usually genetic encoding enzymes of adrenal steroidogenesis. Autoimmune primary adrenal insufficiency is usually a polygenic disease where our information recently has increased due to genome association studies. In this review, we go through the physiology of the adrenals before explaining the different reasons for adrenal insufficiency with a particular focus on autoimmune primary adrenal insufficiency. We will give a clinical overview including diagnosis and current treatment, before giving an overview of the genetic causes including monogenetic reasons for adrenal insufficiency and the polygenic background and inheritance pattern in autoimmune adrenal insufficiency. We will then look at the autoimmune mechanisms underlying autoimmune adrenal insufficiency and how autoantibodies are important for diagnosis. We end with a discussion on how to move the field forward emphasizing on the clinical workup, early identification, and potential targeted treatment of autoimmune PAI.
Comprehensive layout optimization of the transmission system in a deepwater wind farm cluster
Authors: Xu Chang , Jiao Zhixiong , Han Xingxing , Huang Yuwei , Wang Jincheng , Zhang Hu , Shen Wen Zhong
Published: November 2023

Compared to nearshore wind farms, deepwater offshore wind farms have better wind resources and broader development space and will be the main trend of wind power development in the future. Due to the long distance from the shore, the investment and operation costs of the transmission system in a deepwater wind farm cluster are high and the electricity generated by the cluster is commonly transmitted by high-voltage direct current transmission technology to decrease power losses. For a given converter station, the comprehensive optimization of the layouts of the substations, AC export cables from the substation to the converter station, and cable arrays within each wind farm are complex and have not been well studied. This paper proposes a multi-level nested optimization strategy to minimize the total cost of the collection cables for a deepwater offshore wind farm cluster. The proposed method applies the Informed-RRT* method to optimize the layout of AC export cables while the cable arrays are arranged by Prim’s algorithm. During the optimization process, the gradient descent algorithm is used to optimize the positions of the substations, obtaining the transmission system scheme with the minimum cable investment. For a certain deepwater wind farm cluster, the total cable cost after optimization is reduced by 3.58%, which indicates the effectiveness of this method.
A KRR-UKF robust state estimation method for distribution networks
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhang Shaomei , Zhang Yongchen , Xu Guang , Mao Huizong
Published: November 2023

State estimation is an integral component of energy management systems. Employing a state estimation methodology that is both accurate and resilient is essential for facilitating informed decision-making processes. However, the complex scenarios (unknown noise, low data redundancy, and reconfiguration) of the distribution network pose new challenges for state estimation. In the context of this study, we introduce a state estimation technique known as the kernel ridge regression and unscented Kalman filter. In normal conditions, the non-linear correlation among data and unknown noise increases the difficulty of modeling the distribution network. Thence, kernel ridge regression is developed to map the data into high-dimensional space that transforms the non-linear problem into linear formulations base on the data rather the complicate grid model, which improves model generalization performance and filters out unknown noises. In addition, with the unique prediction correction mechanism of the Kalman method, the kernel ridge regression-mapped state value can be revised by the measurement, which further enhances model accuracy and robustness. During abnormal operating conditions and taking into account the presence of faulty data within the measurement system, we initiate the use of a long short-term memory network and combined convolutional neural network (CNN) model, referred to as the ATT-CNN-GRU. This model is utilized for the prediction of pseudo-measurements. Subsequently, we use an outlier detection method known as ordering points to identify the clustering structure to effectively identify and substitute erroneous data points. Cases on the IEEE-33 bus system and 109-bus system from a city in China show that the method has superior accuracy and robustness.
Latest features of the ecosystem management decision support system, version 8.0
Authors: Reynolds K. M. , Paplanus S. , Murphy P. J. , Druzdzel M. J. , Spenser C. , Miller B. J.
Published: November 2023

The Ecosystem Management Decision Support (EMDS) system is a spatially enabled system for environmental analysis and strategic and tactical planning. EMDS combines various sophisticated analytical tools within a GIS environment. Originally released by the Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA in 1997, EMDS has been maintained and actively extended since then. Building on its core functionality of logic processing and decision modeling and availability as an ArcMap component, recent advances include more advanced geodatabase processing, integration with open-source GIS platforms, incorporation of two new analytical engines, support for scripting tools, implementation of a graphical workflow environment, advanced tactical planning, portfolio management, and a cloud-based collaboration manager. Because EMDS is a generic solution framework, it can be applied to an extremely broad array of problems at virtually any and all spatial scales. This paper presents an overview of the EMDS technology and describes some of the projects in which it has been used.
Carbon emissions management efficiency evaluation based on indicator information integration and DEA-Malmquist index
Authors: Ye Fei-Fei , Han Si-Rui , Lu Hai-Tian
Published: November 2023

The completeness of indicator information is a critical issue that requires further investigation in the evaluation of carbon emissions management efficiency. However, this problem has not received adequate attention in existing studies, and there is a dearth of analysis using the total factor productivity method, which has proven effective in evaluating efficiency in various domains. Consequently, this study proposes a model for evaluating carbon emissions management efficiency that integrates indicator information and employs the data envelopment analysis (DEA)-Malmquist index. The integration of indicator information is accomplished through the evidential reasoning (ER) approach, which includes the calculation of indicator weights. The DEA-Malmquist index is utilized to assess the efficiency of carbon emissions management and analyze its total factor productivity based on the integrated indicator information. To demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed model, a case study of 17 corporates in China from 2019 to 2021 is provided to illustrate the analysis of three scopes efficiency distribution, efficiency change and improvement strategy of carbon emissions management. Results discussion show that the proposed model can be used to provide a reference for the improvement effectiveness of carbon emissions management.
Dapagliflozin alleviates renal inflammation and protects against diabetic kidney diseases, both dependent and independent of blood glucose levels
Authors: Cai Anxiang , Shen Jianxiao , Yang Xiaoqian , Shao Xinghua , Gu Leyi , Mou Shan , Che Xiajing
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has become the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Therefore, efforts to understand DKD pathophysiology and prevent its development at the early phase are highly warranted.

Methods

Here, we analyzed kidneys from healthy mice, diabetic mice, and diabetic mice treated with the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin using ATAC and RNA sequencing. The findings were verified at the protein levels and in cultured cells.

Results

Our combined method of ATAC and RNA sequencing revealed Csf2rb, Btla, and Isg15 as the key candidate genes associated with hyperglycemia, azotemia, and albuminuria. Their protein levels were altered together with multiple other inflammatory cytokines in the diabetic kidney, which was alleviated by dapagliflozin treatment. Cell culture of immortalized renal tubular cells and macrophages unraveled that dapagliflozin could directly effect on these cells in vitro as an anti-inflammatory agent independent of glucose concentrations. We further proved that dapagliflozin attenuated ischemia/reperfusion-induced chronic kidney injury and renal inflammation in mice.

Discussion

Overall, our data emphasize the importance of inflammatory factors to the pathogenesis of DKD, and provide valuable mechanistic insights into the renoprotective role of dapagliflozin.
TIM-3/Gal-9 interaction affects glucose and lipid metabolism in acute myeloid leukemia cell lines
Authors: Rezaei Mahnaz , Ghanadian Mustafa , Ghezelbash Behrooz , Shokouhi Abolfazl , Bazhin Alexandr V. , Zamyatnin Andrey A. , Ganjalikhani-Hakemi Mazdak
Published: November 2023

Introduction

T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM-3) is a transmembrane molecule first identified as an immunoregulator. This molecule is also expressed on leukemic cells in acute myeloid leukemia and master cell survival and proliferation. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of TIM-3 interaction with its ligand galectin-9 (Gal-9) on glucose and lipid metabolism in AML cell lines.

Methods

HL-60 and THP-1 cell lines, representing M3 and M5 AML subtypes, respectively, were cultured under appropriate conditions. The expression of TIM-3 on the cell surface was ascertained by flow cytometric assay. We used real-time PCR to examine the mRNA expression of GLUT-1, HK-2, PFKFB-3, G6PD, ACC-1, ATGL, and CPT-1A; colorimetric assays to measure the concentration of glucose, lactate, GSH, and the enzymatic activity of G6PD; MTT assay to determine cellular proliferation; and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to designate FFAs.

Results

We observed the significant upregulated expression of GLUT-1, HK-2, PFKFB-3, ACC-1, CPT-1A, and G6PD and the enzymatic activity of G6PD in a time-dependent manner in the presence of Gal-9 compared to the PMA and control groups in both HL-60 and THP-1 cell lines (p > 0.05). Moreover, the elevation of extracellular free fatty acids, glucose consumption, lactate release, the concentration of cellular glutathione (GSH) and cell proliferation were significantly higher in the presence of Gal-9 compared to the PMA and control groups in both cell lines (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

TIM-3/Gal-9 ligation on AML cell lines results in aerobic glycolysis and altered lipid metabolism and also protects cells from oxidative stress, all in favor of leukemic cell survival and proliferation.
Exploring causal relationships between inflammatory cytokines and allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, and nasal polyps: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Li Li , Zhang Yuanding , Liu Hong , Wang Tianqi , Li Junxin , Wang Xin
Published: November 2023

Objectives

Previous research has suggested connections between specific inflammatory cytokines and nasal conditions, including Allergic Rhinitis (AR), Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS), and Nasal Polyps (NP). However, a lack of robust research establishing the causal underpinnings of them. This Mendelian Randomization (MR) study aims to evaluate the causal relationships between 41 inflammatory cytokines and the incidence of AR, CRS and NP.

Methods

This study employed a two-sample MR design, harnessing genetic variations derived from publicly accessible genome-wide association studies (GWAS) datasets. AR data was sourced from a GWAS with 25,486 cases and 87,097 controls (identifier: ukb-b-7178). CRS data originated from a GWAS encompassing 1,179 cases and 360,015 controls (identifier: ukb-d-J32). NP data was extracted from a GWAS involving 1,637 cases and 335,562 controls (identifier: ukb-a-541). The data for 41 inflammatory cytokines were obtained from an independent GWAS encompassing 8,293 participants. Inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR Egger regression and Weighted median were used to evaluate the causalities of exposures and outcomes. A range of sensitivity analyses were implemented to assess the robustness of the results.

Results

The results revealed significant associations between elevated circulating levels of MIP-1α (odds ratio, OR: 1.01798, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.00217–1.03404, p = 0.02570) and TNF-α (OR: 1.01478, 95% CI: 1.00225–1.02746, p = 0.02067) with an augmented risk of AR in the IVW approach. Heightened levels of circulating IL-2 exhibited a positive correlation with an increased susceptibility to NP in the IVW approach (OR: 1.00129, 95% CI: 1.00017–1.00242, p = 0.02434), whereas elevated levels of circulating PDGF-BB demonstrated a decreased risk of NP (OR: 0.99920, 95% CI: 0.99841–0.99999, p = 0.047610). The MR analysis between levels of 41 inflammatory cytokines and the incidence of CRS yielded no positive outcomes.

Conclusion

This investigation proposes a potential causal association between elevated levels of MIP-1α and TNF-α with an elevated risk of AR, as well as an increased risk of NP linked to elevated IL-2 levels. Furthermore, there appears to be a potential association between increased levels of circulating PDGF-BB and a reduced risk of NP.
Simulations of ocean deoxygenation in the historical era: insights from forced and coupled models
Authors: Takano Yohei , Ilyina Tatiana , Tjiputra Jerry , Eddebbar Yassir A. , Berthet Sarah , Bopp Laurent , Buitenhuis Erik , Butenschön Momme , Christian James R. , Dunne John P. , Gröger Matthias , Hayashida Hakase , Hieronymus Jenny , Koenigk Torben , Krasting John P. , Long Mathew C. , Lovato Tomas , Nakano Hideyuki , Palmieri Julien , Schwinger Jörg , Séférian Roland , Suntharalingam Parvadha , Tatebe Hiroaki , Tsujino Hiroyuki , Urakawa Shogo , Watanabe Michio , Yool Andrew
Published: November 2023

Ocean deoxygenation due to anthropogenic warming represents a major threat to marine ecosystems and fisheries. Challenges remain in simulating the modern observed changes in the dissolved oxygen (O2). Here, we present an analysis of upper ocean (0-700m) deoxygenation in recent decades from a suite of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) ocean biogeochemical simulations. The physics and biogeochemical simulations include both ocean-only (the Ocean Model Intercomparison Project Phase 1 and 2, OMIP1 and OMIP2) and coupled Earth system (CMIP6 Historical) configurations. We examine simulated changes in the O2 inventory and ocean heat content (OHC) over the past 5 decades across models. The models simulate spatially divergent evolution of O2 trends over the past 5 decades. The trend (multi-model mean and spread) for upper ocean global O2 inventory for each of the MIP simulations over the past 5 decades is 0.03 ± 0.39×1014 [mol/decade] for OMIP1, −0.37 ± 0.15×1014 [mol/decade] for OMIP2, and −1.06 ± 0.68×1014 [mol/decade] for CMIP6 Historical, respectively. The trend in the upper ocean global O2 inventory for the latest observations based on the World Ocean Database 2018 is −0.98×1014 [mol/decade], in line with the CMIP6 Historical multi-model mean, though this recent observations-based trend estimate is weaker than previously reported trends. A comparison across ocean-only simulations from OMIP1 and OMIP2 suggests that differences in atmospheric forcing such as surface wind explain the simulated divergence across configurations in O2 inventory changes. Additionally, a comparison of coupled model simulations from the CMIP6 Historical configuration indicates that differences in background mean states due to differences in spin-up duration and equilibrium states result in substantial differences in the climate change response of O2. Finally, we discuss gaps and uncertainties in both ocean biogeochemical simulations and observations and explore possible future coordinated ocean biogeochemistry simulations to fill in gaps and unravel the mechanisms controlling the O2 changes.
Spatial heterogeneity of biological traits and effects on fisheries management based on the assumption of a single stock. The case of the common hake (Merluccius gayi) in Chile
Authors: Canales Cristian M. , Sánchez Nazareth , Adasme Nicolás A.
Published: November 2023

Understanding the spatial structure of fishing resource stocks is a fundamental aspect for the management and development of sustainable and productive fisheries. However, this aspect is usually simplified under the assumption of a stock unit, which assumes biologically similar and spatially homogeneous individuals, regardless of the real ranges and characteristics of their distribution. The persistence of geographic patterns in the biological traits of species suggests the spatial structuring of a population, a highly relevant aspect in stock assessment, calculation of Biological Reference Points (BRP), and management of fishing resources. In this work, the spatial heterogeneity of the biological traits of common hake (Merluccius gayi) from off-central Chile is modeled. Considering four reference zones, biological data collected over 26 years of monitoring fisheries and acoustic surveys is analyzed. The findings allow to biologically differentiate these areas whose main characteristics are the increase from north to south in the condition factor, gonad weight, and size at maturity. The Spawning Potential Ratio (SPR), fishing mortality, and BRP are calculated. Exploratorily, if these areas were considered closed subpopulations, results show that overexploitation is not a characteristic of all hake fishing areas, and that not considering the heterogeneity of biological traits causes the overestimation of the population condition in the main fishing areas. The aim of this research was to understand the spatial structuring of common hake based on the heterogeneity of biological attributes and its impact for fisheries management purposes.
Climate change impacts on river discharge to the Sea of Marmara
Authors: Basdurak Berkay Nüvit
Published: November 2023

The Sea of Marmara, located in Northwestern Türkiye, is under multiple stressors, including climate change and industrial, agricultural, and domestic pollution, that cause deoxygenation in coastal waters, with multiregional consequences affecting the surface and deep-water masses transported to the Mediterranean and Black Seas, respectively, via its straits. With climate-change driven changes in the intensity of extreme precipitation events, the marine environment becomes more vulnerable to increasing terrestrial pollutants. Evaluating the spatial and temporal variation of river runoff is crucial to understanding the interaction between the geophysical and hydrogeochemical processes that affects the nutrient balance of the sea. This study aims to (i) explore the historical (for the period 1960-2021) and spatial changes of monthly-averaged coastal discharges along the coastline of the Sea of Marmara for the first time, based on observations from the national hydrological service; (ii) analyze the change in long-term and seasonal trends of runoff and net-precipitation rate and derive a regional relation between the two parameters. Single Spectrum Analysis (SSA) is used to obtain the trends. Gaps in the time series are filled in using a non-parametric spectral estimation method. Discharges from the northern, eastern, and southern basins are, respectively, 3%, 17%, and 80% of the total discharge, which has varied between 1.5 and 15 km3 per year in the last decade, with short-lived extremes occurring in early spring. Total runoff rate shows a declining long-term trend that is accelerating with increasing evaporation. The intensity of the terrestrial precipitation extremes shows a temporal increase; there is a quadratic relation between the long-term trends of net precipitation and total runoff. Quantification of nutrient load distribution along the coastline associated with the spatial-temporal changes in coastal fluxes is urgent because the cumulative stressors (warming, nutrient overenrichment, pollutants) pose a threat of triggering extreme events and eutrophication in the Sea of Marmara with multiregional impact.