bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular subtypes predict second breast events of ductal carcinoma in situ after breast‐conserving surgery
Authors: Yang Yilan , Zhao Xu , Wang Xuanyi , Jin Kairui , Luo Jurui , Yang Zhaozhi , Mei Xin , Ma Jinli , Shao Zhimin , Zhang Zhen , Chen Xingxing , Guo Xiaomao , Yu Xiaoli
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Currently, the prognostic value of molecular subtypes in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) remains unclear. In this study, we explored whether molecular subtypes could predict second breast events (SBEs) in patients after breast‐conserving surgery (BCS).

Methods

From January 2008 to December 2016, 291 DCIS patients treated with BCS were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were classified into four molecular subtypes: luminal A, luminal B, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression, and triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). The SBE incidence was calculated by the competing risk model and compared by Gray's test. The disease‐free survival rates were estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method and compared by the log‐rank test. Prognostic factors were evaluated by univariate and multivariate COX proportional hazards regression model.

Results

With a median follow‐up of 66 months, 12 SBEs were identified. The 5‐year overall SBE incidence of luminal A, luminal B, HER2 overexpression, and TNBC was 2.18%, 4.25%, 15.15%, and 0.00%, respectively. In the univariate analysis, the HER2 overexpression subtype was the predictor of overall (p = 0.005), in situ (p = 0.004), and ipsilateral SBEs (p = 0.008). Patients with endocrine therapy were less likely to develop in situ SBEs (p = 0.039). Additionally, patients with closed (<2 mm) or involved margins were related to a higher risk of contralateral SBEs (p = 0.029). In the multivariate analysis, the HER2 overexpression subtype remained of prognostic values for overall (p = 0.006), in situ (p = 0.029), and ipsilateral SBEs (p = 0.012).

Conclusions

The molecular subtype, especially the HER2 overexpression subtype, was the independent prognostic factor for DCIS patients who underwent BCS.
Construction of a prognostic glycolysis‐related lncRNA signature for patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhong Xinyang , He Xuefeng , Wang Yaxian , Hu Zijuan , Huang Huixia , Zhao Senlin , Zhang Hong , Wei Ping , Li Dawei
Published: May 2022

Aerobic glycolysis is a common metabolic phenotype in tumors that helps cancer cells adjust to severe living conditions and can aid metastasis in several types of carcinomas, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can influence tumor biology and have been previously used to assess patients' outcomes and to identify potential therapeutic targets. However, despite the importance of glycolysis‐related lncRNAs (GRLs) in the development of CRC, studies on their use as prognostic markers are still limited. Herein, we applied a series of bioinformatic analyses to screen potential prognostic lncRNAs for colorectal cancer. Out of all lncRNAs screened, nine GRLs were selected to constitute a prognostic signature. Based on the signature, two molecular subtypes were classified with distinct prognostic outcomes and excellent diagnostic accuracy (The 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year AUC are 0.756, 0.716, and 0.721, respectively). The prognostic value of this signature was further validated using another cohort. The enriched molecular pathways, immune infiltration, and mutation landscape were also significantly different between the two groups. The different drug sensitivity results between the two groups suggest a potential strategy for precise treatment. Furthermore, we confirmed that AFAP1‐AS1 could regulate aerobic glycolysis and metastasis of CRC cells. Overall, we developed a glycolysis‐related lncRNA (GRL) signature and suggested that this signature could offer a predictive value and identify potential therapeutic targets for cancer therapy.
Comparison of recurrence patterns in cervical cancer patients with positive lymph nodes versus negative
Authors: Ji Mei , Liu Yuan , Hu Yan , Sun Jing , Zhu Haiyan
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The aim of this study was to compare patterns of recurrence in 2009 FIGO Stage IB‐IIA (T1bN0M0‐T2aN0M0) cervical cancer patients with cN0 and cN1.

Methods

The epidemiological and clinical data of 1352 patients who had undergone radical hysterectomy and systematic lymphadenectomy with cervical cancer treated from January 2008 to April 2019 at a tertiary teaching hospital were retrospectively collected. The primary aim was to discover the lymph node status‐dependent patterns and time of recurrence.

Results

Tumor recurrence and death were significantly less common in patients with cN0 than cN1. In addition, the length of time to recurrence (median 60 months cN0 vs. 43 months cN1, p < 0.001) and death (median 84 months cN0 vs. 68 months cN1 p < 0.001) were significantly longer in cN0 versus cN1 patients. The cumulative rate of relapse also showed a significant difference between cN0 and cN1 groups, especially the 1‐year relapse rate (2.14% vs. 10.78%). Of the patients who recurred, there was no difference in number of recurrent sites between cN0 and cN1 groups (solitary metastases:35.8% of cN0 and 35.6% of cN1; multiple metastases: 64.2% of cN0 and 64.4% of cN1). Similarly, there was no statistical difference in recurrence sites of cervical cancer between cN0 and cN1 groups based on three categories, (p = 0.646). However, in the six categories, patients' vaginal vaults with negative lymph nodes were more prone to recurrence, while the distribution of other recurrence sites showed no significant difference between the two groups.

Conclusions

There is a significant improvement of relapse‐free survival in the cN0 group, and the recurrence time of cN0 patients is significantly delayed than cN1 group. However, except for the risk of metastasis of the vaginal vault, the site of relapse remains similar.
The complex role of telocytes in female prostate tumorigenesis in a rodent model
Authors: Maldarine Juliana S. , Sanches Bruno D. A. , Santos Vitória A. , Góes Rejane M. , Vilamaior Patricia S. L. , Carvalho Hernandes F. , Taboga Sebastião R.
Published: May 2022

The prostate is not an organ exclusive to the male. It is also found in females of several species, including humans, in which part of the Skene gland is homologous to the male prostate. Evidence is accumulating that changes in the stroma are central to tumorigenesis. Equally, telocytes, a recently discovered type of interstitial cell, are essential for the maintenance of stromal organization. However, it is still uncertain whether there are telocytes in the female prostate and if they play a role in tumorigenesis. The present study used ultrastructural and immunofluorescence techniques to investigate the presence of telocytes in the prostate of Mongolian gerbil females, a rodent model that often has a functional prostate in females, as well as to assess the impact of a combination of N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea, testosterone, and estradiol on telocytes. The results point to the presence of telocytes in the female prostate in the perialveolar and interalveolar regions, and reveal that these cells are absent in regions of benign and premalignant lesions in the gland, in which the perialveolar smooth muscle is altered. Additionally, telocytes are also closely associated with infiltrated immune cells in the stroma. Our data suggest that telocytes are important for both the maintenance of smooth muscle and prostatic epithelium integrity, which indicates a protective role against the advancement of tumorigenesis. But telocytes are also associated with immune cells and a proinflammatory/proangiogenic role for these cells cannot be ruled out, implying that telocytes have a complex role in prostatic tumorigenesis in females.
Tuning the Product Selectivity toward the High Yield of Glyceric Acid in Pt−CeO2/CNT Electrocatalyzed Oxidation of Glycerol
Authors: Li Jiefei , Li Zhenyu , Zheng Zexuan , Zhang Xueqiong , Zhang Hao , Wei Hang , Chu Haibin
Published: May 2022

Electrocatalytic oxidation of glycerol is a highly efficient way for upgrading glycerol toward fine chemicals. Currently, electro‐oxidation of glycerol into the high value‐added C3 products remains a big challenge because of the poor catalytic activity, low selectivity, and high cost of the noble metal catalysts, especially in the alkaline medium. Here, we report that the Pt−CeO2/CNT (CNT=carbon nanotubes) catalyst remarkably promotes the conversion (86.5 % vs. 37.6 %) and recycling stability for glycerol electro‐oxidation reaction, as compared with Pt/CNT. However, the improved catalytic activity of Pt−CeO2/CNT is accompanied by the further oxidation of C3 products including glyceric acid (GLYA). By tuning the product distribution by the ratio of CeO2 and CNT, applied potential, and the Pt loading amount, the high selectivities of C3 products (95 %) and GLYA (59 %) are achieved together with the high glycerol conversion (86 %), leading to the impressive yields of C3 products (81 %) and GLYA (50 %). The unique contributions of CeO2 includes not only the enhanced catalytic activity and recycling stability, but also the suppressed further oxidation of GLYA. Moreover, higher yield of GLYA is reached over Pt−CeO2/CNT even with half loading of Pt, as compared with Pt/CNT.
Freshly Isolated Hepatocytes from Chimeric Humanized Liver Mice for the In Vitro Assessment of Drug Metabolism, Inhibition/Induction, and Safety Studies
Authors: Kakuni Masakazu
Published: May 2022

Human hepatocytes are a critical resource for a broad array of in vitro studies that are conducted during drug development. Cryopreserved human hepatocytes offer great advantages in terms of ease of use and lot‐specific repeatability. However, many important cell functions may be diminished or lost altogether in thawed cells. Freshly isolated human hepatocytes may provide the ideal platform for in vitro studies, but limited access to tissue, the challenges of generating high‐quality cell preparations, and the innate variability of multiple donors can all be confounding factors. Recently, freshly isolated hepatocytes from chimeric humanized mice have become available (Yamasaki et al., 2010). These PXB‐cells feature both the ease of use and lot‐specific reproducibility that is provided by cryopreserved human hepatocytes, but are freshly isolated on demand and therefore avoid the complication of diminished cellular function. PXB‐cells are prepared at a cell density of 2.1 × 105 cells/cm2, delivered within 7 days post‐seeding in most of the cases, and can maintain the major drug metabolism factors at least up to 21 days post‐seeding (Yamasaki et al., 2020). © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Care and culture of PXB‐cells

Support Protocol: Preparation of dHCGM medium for PXB‐cells
Thermally Evaporated ZnSe for Efficient and Stable Regular/Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells by Enhanced Electron Extraction
Authors: Li Xin , Shen Guibin , Ng Xin Ren , Liu Zhiyong , Meng Yun , Zhang Yongwei , Mu Cheng , Yu Zhi Gen , Lin Fen
Published: May 2022

Electron transport layers (ETLs) are crucial for achieving efficient and stable planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Reports on versatile inorganic ETLs using a simple film fabrication method and applicability for both low‐cost planar regular and inverted PSCs with excellent efficiencies (>22%) and high stability are very limited. Herein, we employ a novel inorganic ZnSe as ETL for both regular and inverted PSCs to improve the efficiency and stability using a simple thermal evaporation method. The TiO2‐ZnSe‐FAPbI3 heterojunction could be formed, resulting in an improved charge collection and a decreased carrier recombination further proved through theoretical calculations. The optimized regular PSCs based on TiO2/ZnSe have achieved 23.25% efficiency with negligible hysteresis. In addition, the ZnSe ETL can also effectively replace the unstable bathocuproine (BCP) in inverted PSCs. Consequently, the ZnSe‐based inverted device realizes a champion efficiency of 22.54%. Moreover, the regular device comprising the TiO2/ZnSe layers retains 92% of its initial PCE after 10:00 h under 1 Sun continuous illumination and the inverted device comprising the C60/ZnSe layers maintains over 85% of its initial PCE at 85 °C for 10:00 h. This highlights one of the best results among universal ETLs in both regular and inverted perovskite photovoltaics.
Endovascular ablation of the right greater splanchnic nerve in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: early results of the REBALANCE‐HF trial roll‐in cohort
Authors: Fudim Marat , Fail Peter S. , Litwin Sheldon E. , Shaburishvili Tamaz , Goyal Parag , Hummel Scott L. , Borlaug Barry A. , Mohan Rajeev C. , Patel Ravi B. , Mitter Sumeet S. , Klein Liviu , Rocha‐Singh Krishna , Patel Manesh R. , Reddy Vivek Y. , Burkhoff Daniel , Shah Sanjiv J.
Published: May 2022

Aims

In heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), excessive redistribution of blood volume into the central circulation leads to elevations of intracardiac pressures with exercise limitations. Splanchnic ablation for volume management (SAVM) has been proposed as a therapeutic intervention. Here we present preliminary safety and efficacy data from the initial roll‐in cohort of the REBALANCE‐HF trial.

Methods and results

The open‐label (roll‐in) arm of REBALANCE‐HF will enrol up to 30 patients, followed by the randomized, sham‐controlled portion of the trial (up to 80 additional patients). Patients with HF, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥50%, and invasive peak exercise pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) ≥25 mmHg underwent SAVM. Baseline and follow‐up assessments included resting and exercise PCWP, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ), 6‐min walk test, and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP). Efficacy and safety were assessed at 1 and 3 months. Here we report on the first 18 patients with HFpEF that have been enrolled into the roll‐in, open‐label arm of the study across nine centres; 14 (78%) female; 16 (89%) in NYHA class III; and median (interquartile range) age 75.2 (68.4–81) years, LVEF 61.0 (56.0–63.2)%, and average (standard deviation) 20 W exercise PCWP 36.4 (±8.6) mmHg. All 18 patients were successfully treated. Three non‐serious moderate device/procedure‐related adverse events were reported. At 1‐month, the mean PCWP at 20 W exercise decreased from 36.4 (±8.6) to 28.9 (±7.8) mmHg (p < 0.01), NYHA class improved by at least one class in 33% of patients (p = 0.02) and KCCQ score improved by 22.1 points (95% confidence interval 9.4–34.2) (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

The preliminary open‐label results from the multicentre REBALANCE‐HF roll‐in cohort support the safety and efficacy of SAVM in HFpEF. The findings require confirmation in the ongoing randomized, sham‐controlled portion of the trial.
Left atrial disease and left atrial reverse remodelling across different stages of heart failure development and progression: a new target for prevention and treatment
Authors: Inciardi Riccardo M. , Bonelli Andrea , Biering‐Sorensen Tor , Cameli Matteo , Pagnesi Matteo , Lombardi Carlo Mario , Solomon Scott D. , Metra Marco
Published: May 2022

The left atrium is a dynamic chamber with peculiar characteristics. Stressors and disease mechanisms may deeply modify its structure and function, leading to left atrial remodelling and disease. Left atrial disease is a predictor of poor outcomes. It may be a consequence of left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction and neurohormonal and inflammatory activation and/or actively contribute to the progression and clinical course of heart failure through multiple mechanisms such as left ventricular filling and development of atrial fibrillation and subsequent embolic events. There is growing evidence that therapy may improve left atrial function and reverse left atrial remodelling. Whether this translates into changes in patient's prognosis is still unknown.

In this review we report current data about changes in left atrial size and function across different stages of development and progression of heart failure. At each stage, drug therapies, lifestyle interventions and procedures have been associated with improvement in left atrial structure and function, namely a reduction in left atrial volume and/or an improvement in left atrial strain function, a process that can be defined as left atrial reverse remodelling and, in some cases, this has been associated with improvement in clinical outcomes. Further evidence is still needed mainly with respect of the possible role of left atrial reverse remodelling as an independent mechanism affecting the patient's clinical course and as regards better standardization of clinically meaningful changes in left atrial measurements. Summarizing current evidence, this review may be the basis for further studies.
The available evidence on the effectiveness of 10 common approaches to the management of non‐specific low back pain: An evidence map
Authors: Jenkins Hazel J. , Ferreira Giovanni , Downie Aron , Maher Chris , Buchbinder Rachelle , Hancock Mark J.
Published: May 2022

Background and Objective

Low back pain is common and remains one of the leading causes of disability globally. This study aimed to develop an evidence map of the quantity of available evidence assessing approaches to manage low back pain, to identify potential redundancies or gaps in the synthesized data, and guide future research focus.

Databases and Data treatment

MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL and CINAHL were searched to March 2022 for systematic reviews assessing the effectiveness of 10 guideline‐recommended approaches to manage low back pain. For each management strategy, the number of systematic reviews, date of publication, eligibility criteria and included primary trials were extracted and descriptive data presented.

Results

Substantial evidence, including both systematic reviews and primary trials, was available for each management approach except for patient reassurance. The quantity of available evidence has continued to increase over time. Cochrane reviews have been performed for all 10 treatments, except reassurance of the benign nature of low back pain; however, many of the Cochrane reviews were performed prior to 2015. Substantial heterogeneity in the eligibility criteria between systematic reviews exists; however, some age ranges (children and older adults), clinical settings (emergency), and conditions (radiculopathy) were infrequently assessed.

Conclusions

Based on systematic reviews, there is a large body of evidence assessing the effectiveness of common approaches to manage low back pain. Justification of the need for further systematic reviews and primary trials should consider the available evidence and is essential to avoid potential research redundancy when investigating effective management of low back pain.

Significance

Substantial evidence (systematic reviews and primary trials) exists for 10 approaches to manage low back pain. The quantity of available evidence has continued to increase over time. The quantity and large heterogeneity of inclusion criteria in available systematic reviews may influence conflicting recommendations in clinical practice guidelines. Justification of the need for further systematic reviews and primary trials is essential to avoid potential research redundancy.
What do I need to know? Essential educational concepts for complex regional pain syndrome
Authors: Moore Emily , Braithwaite Felicity A. , Stanton Tasha R. , Bellan Valeria , Moseley G. Lorimer , Berryman Carolyn
Published: May 2022

Background

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is a rare but disabling pain condition. Accurate and timely education about CRPS is key to promote optimal clinical outcomes, but it is unclear what the content of that education should be. We aimed to determine the content that both people with CRPS and expert health care professionals (HCPs) reported as important.

Methods

An international three‐round e‐Delphi was conducted, recruiting adults diagnosed with CRPS and HCPs. In Round 1, participants were asked to list the most important information people with CRPS should know regarding the condition. Data were organized into concepts and allocated to themes. In Rounds 2 and 3, participants rated each concept on a 9‐point Likert Scale, categorized as ‘not important’ (0–3), ‘important’ (4–6) and ‘very important’ (7–9). A concept attained consensus when ≥75% agreement was reached within a category.

Results

Sixty‐two participants (HCPs: n = 7; CRPS: n = 55) proposed 193 concepts in Round 1, resulting in 22 themes. Fifteen additional concepts were identified in Round 2, resulting in a total of 208 concepts. From that list, 48 concepts that emphasized understanding and evidence‐based management of the disorder, the importance of self‐management strategies, pacing and movement, reached joint consensus as ‘very important’. One concept: ‘Advise that movement does not help’ reached joint consensus as ‘not important’.

Conclusion

Forty‐eight concepts were jointly considered ‘very important’ for future CRPS‐related educational content. Future research to better understand group differences and to canvas a broader HCP group is warranted.

Significance

This e‐Delphi study identified the 48 core concepts that those with the lived experience of CRPS, and advanced practitioner health care professionals jointly rated as ‘very important’ to include in fundamental and accessible educational material.
Does sedentary behaviour contribute to the development of a new episode of low back pain? A systematic review of prospective cohort studies
Authors: Damato Tatiana M. , Christofaro Diego G. D. , Pinheiro Marina B. , Morelhao Priscila K. , Pinto Rafael Z. , De Oliveira Silva Danilo , Tebar William R. , Grande Guilherme Henrique Dalaqua , Oliveira Crystian B.
Published: May 2022

Objective

To investigate whether the sedentary behaviour contributes to the development of new episodes of low back pain in adults.

Methods

Searches were performed in five electronic databases from their inception to March 2022. Prospective cohort studies with people without low back pain at baseline investigating the effect of sedentary behaviour on the development of new episodes of low back pain at follow‐up were considered eligible. Two independent authors screened, extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. An adapted version of the Quality In Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Meta‐analyses were performed using random effect models to obtain a pooled risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to assess the overall certainty of the evidence.

Results

Ten studies were included in this review, with a total sample ranging from 107 to 57,504 participants and mean age ranging from 21.7 to 53.6 years. Most studies (n = 9) assessed sedentary behaviour using self‐reported methods, including validated questionnaires or single questions, except for one study that used video recording. The overall risk of bias of the included studies was low. Pooled analysis showed that people classified as sedentary or spending more time in sedentary activities were not likely to develop a new episode of low back pain (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.98–1.04, I2 = 9%, n = 9 studies, moderate evidence).

Conclusion

Sedentary behaviour probably does not contribute to the development of new episodes of low back pain in an adult population.

Significance

Sedentary behaviour does not appear to increase the chances of developing a new episode of low back pain. This might imply that health lifestyle contributors seem to be more related to the amount and type of physical activity, but not the amount of sedentary time. However, studies evaluating the relationship of the sedentary and physical activity with the development of a new episode of low back pain are still needed.
Patterns of change of multisite pain over 1 year of follow‐up and related risk factors
Authors: Ntani Georgia , Coggon David , Felli Vanda E. , Harari Florencia , Barrero Lope H. , Felknor Sarah A. , Rojas Marianela , Serra Consol , Bonzini Matteo , Merisalu Eda , Habib Rima R. , Sadeghian Farideh , Wickremasinghe A. Rajitha , Matsudaira Ko , Nyantumbu‐Mkhize Busisiwe , Kelsall Helen L. , Harcombe Helen , Walker‐Bone Karen
Published: May 2022

Background

Multisite musculoskeletal pain is common and disabling. This study aimed to prospectively investigate the distribution of musculoskeletal pain anatomically, and explore risk factors for increases/reductions in the number of painful sites.

Methods

Using data from participants working in 45 occupational groups in 18 countries, we explored changes in reporting pain at 10 anatomical sites on two occasions 14 months apart. We used descriptive statistics to explore consistency over time in the number of painful sites, and their anatomical distribution. Baseline risk factors for increases/reductions by ≥3 painful sites were explored by random intercept logistic regression that adjusted for baseline number of painful sites.

Results

Among 8927 workers, only 20% reported no pain at either time point, and 16% reported ≥3 painful sites both times. After 14 months, the anatomical distribution of pain often changed but there was only an average increase of 0.17 painful sites. Some 14% workers reported a change in painful sites by ≥3. Risk factors for an increase of ≥3 painful sites included female sex, lower educational attainment, having a physically demanding job and adverse beliefs about the work‐relatedness of musculoskeletal pain. Also predictives were as follows: older age, somatizing tendency and poorer mental health (each of which was also associated with lower odds of reductions of ≥3 painful sites).

Conclusions

Longitudinally, the number of reported painful sites was relatively stable but the anatomical distribution varied considerably. These findings suggest an important role for central pain sensitization mechanisms, rather than localized risk factors, among working adults.

Significance

Our findings indicate that within individuals, the number of painful sites is fairly constant over time, but the anatomical distribution varies, supporting the theory that among people at work, musculoskeletal pain is driven more by factors that predispose to experiencing or reporting pain rather than by localized stressors specific to only one or two anatomical sites.
Migration time correction for dual pressure capillary electrophoresis in semi‐targeted metabolomics study
Authors: Huang Zi‐Ao , Tan Jiahua , Li Yueyang , Miao Siyu , Scotland Kymora B. , Chew Ben H. , Lange Dirk , Chen David D. Y.
Published: May 2022

Migration time fluctuation strongly affects peak alignment and identification of unknown compounds, making migration time correction an essential step in capillary electrophoresis (CE)‐based metabolomics. To obtain more reliable information, metabolites with different apparent mobilities are analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. Applying a small pressure is a common practice for reducing the analysis time of anions in a positive mode CE, known as the pressure‐assisted CE. However, applying pressure may reduce the separation efficiency and can be undesirable for cation analysis. A simple way to address this issue is to increase the pressure after a certain time, during the separation. We term this practice as dual pressure CE. However, changing the pressure during the CE separation complicates migration time correction. Previous migration time correction methods were established based on a consistent electroosmotic flow and a constant pressure‐driven bulk‐flow velocity. We proposed a new correction method to support the peak alignment when dual pressure CE is used. A Python‐based script was developed to implement dual pressure CE migration time correction for semi‐targeted metabolomics study performed by a multiple reaction monitoring–based method. This script can help select suitable endogenous metabolites as correction markers, perform migration time correction, and conduct peak alignment. A case study showed that migration time precision of 156 metabolites in 32 samples can be improved from 4.8 to 11.4%RSD (relative standard deviation) to less than 1.8%RSD.
High‐level expression of xyloglucanase B from Rhizomucor miehei and its application in the preparation of partially hydrolyzed apple pomace xyloglucan
Authors: Wang Nan‐nan , Li Yan‐xiao , Zhu Chun‐hua , Yan Qiao‐juan , Shi Ran , Jiang Zheng‐qiang
Published: May 2022

A xyloglucanase gene (RmXEG12B) was cloned from Rhizomucor miehei CAU432 and successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris. The highest xyloglucanase activity of 26,200 U/mL was achieved after 168 h high‐cell‐density fermentation. The optimal pH and temperature of RmXEG12B were 5.0 and 55°C, respectively. RmXEG12B showed good stability within pH of 3.0–10.0 and was stable up to 50°C. It exhibited the highest specific activity (5989.3 U/mg) towards tamarind xyloglucan. RmXEG12B hydrolyzed apple pomace xyloglucan to produce the partially hydrolyzed apple pomace xyloglucan, which demonstrated a weight average molecular weight of 1.6 × 104 Da and contained three major oligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization of 7–10. This is a strategy for the comprehensive utilization of apple pomace to produce the partially hydrolyzed apple pomace xyloglucan.
Numerical study of Williamson hybrid nanofluid flow with thermal characteristics past over an extending surface
Authors: Alhowaity Awatif , Hamam Haneen , Bilal Muhammad , Ali Aatif
Published: May 2022

The energy and mass dissemination rate have been studied through Williamson hybrid nanofluid (NF) flow comprised of silver (Ag) and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles (NPs) past over an extending porous surface. The hybrid nanofluid has synthesized by dispersion of Ag and MgO nanoparticles in the base fluid (engine oil). The effects of the constant magnetic field, thermal dissipation, and heat source are also studied in the present analysis. The above scenario has been designed in the form of a nonlinear system of partial differential equations, which are processed through a similarity framework to the system of dimensionless ordinary differential equations. The results are obtained by the numerical computational approach parametric continuation method. It has been perceived that the velocity contour decreases with rising upshots of porosity parameter Kp and magnetic force M, while enhances with the variation of volume friction coefficient. The increment of Biot number Bi, heat source Q, and Eckert number Ec enhances the energy profile, respectively. Furthermore, the mass conversion rate decreases with the variation of thermophoretic parameters and Schmidt number.
Risk factors associated with accidental fetal skin lacerations during cesarean delivery
Authors: Har‐Shai Lior , Kreichman Rita , Kedar Reuven , Osovsky Micky , Chen Rony , Lavi Idit , Metanes Issa , Segal Miriam , Ofek Sar‐El , Mattar Samar , Hassan Samer , Kramer Aviv , Bryzgalin Leonid , Ad‐El Dean , Sagi‐Dain Lena , Lavie Ofer , Har‐Shai Yaron
Published: May 2022

Objective

To identify risk factors associated with accidental fetal skin lacerations (AFL) during cesarean section (CS).

Methods

This retrospective cohort study was obtained from the registry of two large medical centers between 2014 and 2019. The study group comprised all newborns identified with AFL. The rates of various potential risk factors were compared between the study group and a group of CS at which no AFL had occurred (the control group).

Results

Of the 14 666 CS deliveries, 48 cases of AFL (0.33%) were documented, 52% of these following urgent CS. Compared with the control group (n = 14 618), the only risk factors associated with AFL were premature rupture of membranes (PROM) (odds ratio [OR] 5.38, 95% convidence interval [CI] 2.97–9.74) and meconium‐stained amniotic fluid (OR 6.50, 95% CI 2.55–16.54). In subgroup analysis by CS urgency, no significance for these factors was noted in elective CS group; but higher rates of both PROM and meconium‐stained amniotic fluid were noted in the AFL during urgent CS (OR 14.23, 95% CI 6.30–32.16 and OR 15.36, (95% CI 5.65–41.75, respectively).

Conclusions

During urgent CS, the surgeon should bear in mind that the presence of PROM or meconium‐stained amniotic fluid should prompt extra care and application of preventive measures to decrease the rates of AFL.
Anemia in pregnant women according to two different assessment criteria (WHO versus CDC)
Authors: dos Santos Camila Carvalho , da Silva Suzana Lins , Costa Caminha Maria de Fátima , Maia Sabina Bastos , Figueiroa José Natal , Batista Filho Malaquias
Published: May 2022

Objective

To determine the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women and the associated factors and perinatal outcomes according to two different diagnostic criteria: the WHO criterion and the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criterion.

Methods

Cohort study, operationalized through a database. The sample comprised 781 pregnant women who had laboratory data regarding hemoglobin levels during the second trimester of pregnancy. Anemia was diagnosed when hemoglobin was less than 11 g/dl according to WHO and less than 10.5 g/dl according to CDC. Factors possibly associated with anemia were identified by adjusting Poisson univariate and multivariate regression models. To analyze the association between perinatal outcomes and anemia, the χ2 test and Fisher exact test were performed.

Results

The prevalence of anemia was 22.9% according to WHO and 10.9% according to CDC. A significantly higher risk of low birth weight was found in children of women with anemia, regardless of the diagnostic criteria used, while a greater risk of having a small‐for‐gestational‐age newborn was seen only when the CDC criterion were applied.

Conclusion

Anemia during pregnancy remains an important public health issue, but its magnitude may be overestimated by overly sensitive assessment criteria.
Predictors of surgical outcomes of laparoscopic myomectomy with barbed sutures: Comparison of V‐Loc and Quill barbed sutures
Authors: Huang Peng‐Hsuan , Tsai Meng‐Chieh , Ting Wan‐Hua , Chen Hui‐Hua , Lin Ho‐Hsiung , Hsiao Sheng‐Mou
Published: May 2022

Clinical outcome of laparoscopic myomectomy with the use of Quill™ suture seems similar to that with V‐Loc™ suture.
Analysis of prognostic factors in Grade 3 endometrioid type endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Sahin Eda Adeviye , Toprak Serhat , Sayal Hasan Berkan , Ekinci Tekin , Yılmaz Ercan , Bakay Kadir , Melekoğlu Rauf , Sezgin Burak , Tohma Yusuf Aytaç , Şahin Hanifi
Published: May 2022

Objective

To investigate the prognostic factors of patients with Grade 3 endometrioid endometrial cancer (G3EEC).

Methods

This four‐center, retrospective study included a total of 129 women with G3EEC. Demographic, clinicopathologic, and survival data were collected. Kaplan–Meier method was used for survival analysis. Predictors of outcome were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

Median age at the time of diagnosis was 63 (range 39–87) years and median follow up was 37 (range 6–126) months. For the entire cohort, the 5‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were 54.3% and 63.6%, respectively. The 5‐year DFS rates for lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) ‐positive and ‐negative patients were 41.6% and 88.3%, respectively (P < 0.001). The 5‐year OS rates for LVSI‐positive and ‐negative patients were 54.7% and 88.3%, respectively (P = 0.001). Positive LVSI status was identified as the independent prognostic factor for decreased DFS and OS (hazard ratio [HR] 5.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.65–18.86; P = 0.006 versus HR 4.4, 95% CI 1.33–14.58; P = 0.013, respectively).

Conclusion

LVSI seems to be an independent prognostic factor for decreased DFS and OS in G3EEC patients.
Splenic artery aneurysm in pregnancy: A systematic review
Authors: Aung Yuri Yin‐Moe , Berry Chinar , Jayaram Prem Ruben , Woon Ee Von
Published: May 2022

Objective

Splenic artery aneurysms (SAA) are associated with significant maternal and fetal mortality when ruptured in pregnancy. However, there is no consensus on the optimal obstetric management of both ruptured and asymptomatic SAA. We aimed to evaluate risk factors, presentation, investigation, and management of SAA in pregnancy and puerperium.

Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus were screened from January 2000 to October 2020 using keywords related to pregnancy and SAA. Articles on ruptured and unruptured SAA in pregnancy until 6 weeks postpartum were considered. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers. Quantitative analysis and narrative synthesis were used.

Results

Seventy‐five ruptured and nine unruptured SAA cases were included. Mean age was 31.1 ± 5.2 years, of which 47 (64.4%) were multiparous and 46 (54.8%) presented in their third trimester, largely with epigastric and left‐sided abdominal pain. The double‐rupture phenomenon of delayed blood loss and symptoms was noted in 11 (14.7%); 60 (70.7%) underwent preoperative imaging. Mean SAA size was 23.0 ± 13.6 mm. Ruptured SAA were primarily managed by laparotomy (61, 81.3%) typically with splenectomy,  and unruptured SAA by embolization or laparotomy. There was no mortality in unruptured SAA, but significant mortality on rupture (19, 25.7% maternal; 36, 50.0% fetal).

Conclusion

Given their predisposition and high mortality in pregnancy, it is crucial that SAAs are promptly diagnosed and managed, requiring increased obstetrician awareness.
Impact of enhanced recovery implementation in women undergoing abdominal sacrocolpopexy
Authors: Trad Ayssa Teles Abrao , Tamhane Prajakta , Weaver Amy L. , Baker Mary V. , Visscher Sue L. , Borah Bijan J. , Kalogera Eleftheria , Gebhart John B. , Trabuco Emanuel C.
Published: May 2022

Objective

To assess the effect of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) with and without liposomal bupivacaine (LB) on opioid use, hospital length of stay (LOS), costs, and morbidity of women undergoing sacrocolpopexy.

Methods

Retrospective cohort of women who underwent abdominal sacrocolpopexy between April 1, 2009 and November 30, 2017. Costs for relevant healthcare services were determined by assigning 2017 charges multiplied by 2017 Medicare Cost Report's cost to charge ratios. Outcomes were compared among periods with multivariable regression models adjusted for age, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, and concurrent hysterectomy and posterior repair.

Results

Patients were subdivided into pre‐ERAS (G1, n = 128), post‐ERAS (G2, n = 83), and post‐ERAS plus LB (G3, n = 91). The proportion of patients needing opioids during postoperative days 0–2 was significantly less for G3 (75.8%) compared with G1 (97.7%) and G2 (92.8%); P < 0.001). The median morphine equivalent units (MEU) with interquartile ranges, mean LOS, and adjusted mean standardized costs were significantly lower in G3 compared with the other two groups (35 [20–75] vs. 67 [31–109], and 60 [30–122] MEUs; 1.8 vs. 2.3 vs. 2.9 days; and $2391, $2975, and $3844, for G3, G2, and G1, respectively; P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Implementation of an ERAS pathway led to significant decreases in opioid use, LOS, and costs. Supplementation with LB further improved these measures.
Increased traumatic childbirth and postpartum depression and lack of exclusive breastfeeding in Black and Latinx individuals
Authors: Iyengar Ananya S. , Ein‐Dor Tsachi , Zhang Emily X. , Chan Sabrina J. , Kaimal Anjali J. , Dekel Sharon
Published: May 2022

The findings underscore the disproportionate burden of mental health complications following childbirth on Black and Latinx individuals delivering during the coronavirus pandemic and call for eliminating disparities.
Diagnostic efficacy of serum ST2 in patients with ASC
Authors: Ren Yaping , Hou Min , Ren Yunxia , Zhang Lei
Published: May 2022

Background

Soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) is closely related to the development of cardiovascular disease, but the level of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the relationship between ST2 and ACS are unclear.

Patients and Methods

Patients with the acute coronary syndrome were divided into the unstable angina pectoris (USAP) group (n = 65) and non‐ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) group (n = 58), and the healthy population, without chest pain and with normal coronary CT, was included as a control group (n = 55). Laboratory index levels were collected from each participant. The baseline information was reviewed and analyzed. The binary logistic regression was used to explore the relation of ST2 levels with the occurrence of ACS and NSTEMI, and the diagnostic performance of ST2 for diagnosing ACS or NSTEMI was evaluated using a receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results

The level of ST2 was found significantly higher in NSTEMI than in USAP and was higher in USAP than in control (p < 0.01). ST2 levels were positively correlated with ALT, AST, and BNP in the control group, were negatively correlated with HGB and TG in the USAP group, and were positively correlated with WBC, GLU, BNP, and Gensini scores in the NSTEMI group. Multivariate analysis revealed that the occurrence of ACS was associated with ST2, BNP, GLU, TC, BUN, WBC, and PLT, and the occurrence of NSTEMI was associated with AST, WBC, LDL‐C, and ST2. Meanwhile, ST2 levels achieved good performance for ACS and NSTEMI diagnostician.

Conclusion

ST2 could be used as an auxiliary diagnostic indicator for the occurrence of ACS and NSTEMI.
The effects of sustained COVID‐19 emergency and restrictions on the mental health of subjects with serious mental illness: A prospective study
Authors: Barone Annarita , Billeci Martina , D'Amore Sofia , De Prisco Michele , De Simone Giuseppe , Ermini Eleonora , Freda Vittorio , Iannotta Federica , Luciani Adalgisa , Pistone Luca , Rifici Lorenza M. , Saia Viviana M. , Spennato Giancarlo , Subosco Francesco , Vellucci Licia , D'Urso Giordano , Galletta Diana , Fornaro Michele , Iasevoli Felice , de Bartolomeis Andrea
Published: May 2022

Few longitudinal studies have so far investigated the impact of sustained COVID‐19 among people with pre‐existing psychiatric disorders. We conducted a prospective study involving people with serious mental illness (n = 114) and healthy controls (n = 41) to assess changes in the Perceived Stress Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire, and Specific Psychotic Experiences Questionnaire scores 18 months after the COVID‐19 pandemic outset. Subjects underwent interviews with a mental health professional in April 2020 and at the end of the local third wave (October 2021). A significant increase in perceived stress was found in healthy controls, especially females. Psychiatric patients showed a significant worsening of anxiety symptoms compared to baseline records (t = −2.3,p = 0.036). Patients who rejected vaccination had significantly higher paranoia scores compared to those willing to get vaccinated (U = 649.5,z = −2.02,p = 0.04). These findings indicate that COVID‐19's sustained emergency may cause enduring consequences on mental health, soliciting further investigations.
Integrating genetic assistants into the workforce: An 18‐year productivity analysis and development of a staff mix planning tool
Authors: Krutish Angela , Balshaw Robert F. , Jiang Xuejing , Hartley Jessica N.
Published: May 2022

In recent years, genetic (counseling) assistants have been integrated in the genetics workforce, such that one‐third of genetic counselors now report working with a genetic assistant. While several studies showed that adoption of the genetic assistant model leads to an increase in patient volume, the impact of this role substitution has not been studied quantitatively beyond the cancer genetics workforce. This study utilized 18 years of data from a publicly funded genetics clinic with multiple specialties and varying staff mix. Time series regression modeling was applied to describe the evolving impact of genetic assistants on genetic counselor and clinical geneticist productivity (measured as patient volume). The regression models suggest that the integration of genetic assistants led to a sustainable increase in genetic counselor patient volume, while clinical geneticist patient volume was unaffected. Importantly, the models also demonstrated an interaction between the number of genetic counselors and genetic assistants, whereby the impact of adding a genetic counselor was greater as more genetic assistants were employed in the clinic, and vice versa. The main regression model was used to create “ClinMix: A Genetics Staff Mix Planning Tool,” an Excel application that allows users to explore how different staffing plans could affect patient volume, by applying the parameters estimated from this data or their own. We hope this report and the ClinMix tool can be employed by the genetics workforce to advocate for further implementation and evaluation of genetic assistant positions. Adoption of the genetic assistant model may provide clinics the support needed to meet increasing service delivery demands and subsequently foster genetic counselor practice at “top of scope.”
Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 and 6 representation of peak and end of rainy season over Upper Blue Nile basin
Authors: Fetene Zewdu Alamineh , Zaitchik Benjamin F. , Zeleke Tadesse Terefe , Yeshita Baylie Damtie , Vashisht Amandeep
Published: May 2022

The Upper Blue Nile river basin (uBN) is vital to three countries' water, food, and energy security (Ethiopia, Sudan, and Egypt). It is also a region with substantial interannual precipitation variability and the potential for significant climate change in coming decades. The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) affects both variability and trends in uBN precipitation, with El Niño episodes historically connected with below‐average rainfall. In this context, this study seeks to: (a) examine the representation of ENSO–uBN rainfall teleconnections in simulations from the sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), as compared to the previous generation of models (CMIP5); (b) distinguish between teleconnections during the peak of the rainy season (July–August [JA]) and the agriculturally critical end‐of‐season rains (September–October [SO]); (c) investigate evidence for Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ) mediation of these teleconnections in CMIP6 versus CMIP5 and for both peak rains and end of the rainy season. Using a subset of high performing models, we find that CMIP6 simulations of uBN precipitation show somewhat less bias than CMIP5 for JA total rainfall, and that correlations with ENSO have become more consistent across models, but that differences between CMIP5 and CMIP6 are modest. CMIP6 simulations, like CMIP5, overestimate SO rainfall and suggest a stronger ENSO association in SO than is indicated by observations. Model representation of the TEJ and its association with both ENSO and uBN precipitation show no systematic change between CMIP5 and CMIP6. The mediating influence of the TEJ appears to be more important in JA than SO.