bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fostering Empathy and Compassion
Authors: DeMyer William E
Published: November 2023

Yes, beyond the mask and the daily costume we wear resides a sentient being, a vortex, always hoping, striving, yearning, and finally surrendering a last breath. To discover what’s behind the patient’s mask, the best physicians listen skillfully and display warmth, modesty, humility, and grace. They compassionately, nonjudgmentally accept every patient (Stevenson, 1971). They shift from a doctor-centered catalogue of symptoms to a patient-centered interview that explores the patient’s reactions, feelings, and values to pursue concerns rather than simply complaints (see Chapter 6). Beyond analysis of the symptoms, the history aims at empathy, compassion, and trust. Empathy means to understand the patient’s feelings and perspectives and to communicate that understanding to the patient. Without empathy and compassion, we just turn out robots who can do procedures or tie surgical knots but cannot act as physicians (Adson, 1995; Benbassat and Baumal, 2004; Coulehan et al., 2001; Crawshaw, 2002; Tauber, 2006).
Stories
Authors: Fischer John Martin
Published: November 2023

Recently, at a conference in California, Professor Jules Levain (University of Paris) gave an interesting talk on the relationship between virtue and community. More specifically, he wished to distinguish various claims about the relationship between virtue and community and to evaluate some of them. Two particularly salient claims discussed by Levain were that community sustains virtue and that community gives content to virtue. That is to say, Levain wished (among other things) to evaluate the claims that certain sorts of communities perform crucial and indispensable sustaining and content-providing functions for various virtues.
Family, Rectirement, and Old Age
Authors: Laureno Robert
Published: November 2023

In 1944 Ray and Elinor Adams bought a decrepit old New England farm house in Milton, Massachusetts. They borrowed the money from Ray’s mother to make the purchase. He couldn’t afford to have it painted. For a year before they moved in, Ray’s father and Ray worked to repair the structure. Three years later he bought the adjacent field with a loan from his mother. Eventually, their son recalls, they had 4 or 5 acres, 1½ acres of which was their vegetable garden. Everything that they ate was grown by Elinor who canned and froze the foods. The neighboring acres were vacant and provided more room for recreation including baseball games at neurology picnics. The Adams grandparents, both of whom survived into their eighties, lived in the vast home. Ray’s father was growing demented. Eventually his door was locked at night to avoid any incident.
Tracing a Ghostly Memory in My Throat: Refl ections on Ftm Feminist Voice and Agency
Authors: Hale C Jacob
Published: November 2023

It is from all those who have abandoned the traditional conception of sexual morality that the transsexuals differ. Unlike militant homophiles, enlightened therapists and liberated women, transsexuals endorse such traditional values as heterosexuality, domestic roles for women, the double standard of sexual morality, the traditional division of tasks and responsibilities, and the discreditation of deviant sexuality. Unlike various liberated groups, transsexuals are reactionary, moving back toward the core-culture rather than away from it. They are the Uncle Toms of the sexual revolution.
Introduction
Authors: Slote Michael
Published: November 2023

The present volume contains a selection from among papers and reviews that I have published and papers that I haven’t previously published. The principle of selection has been my sense of the interest papers might hold for contemporary discussion. Some of these papers were published around forty years ago, and others that I have chosen not to reprint were also published (at least) that long ago, so I have had to be choosy in my selection—at least I hope that I have been. I would like here to introduce the papers that appear in this book. In some cases I shall compare them with other people’s ideas/publications; in others I shall indicate how I think they might be further developed in contemporary terms; in still others I make what I hope are useful comparisons among the essays that appear in this volume. Again, my choice of what to say in this Introduction has been determined by my sense of what might be useful to contemporary philosophy or philosophers. And let me just mention before I begin that the order in which the papers appear in this book and are discussed in this Introduction is (roughly) chronological.
The Theory of Important Criteria
Authors: Slote Michael
Published: November 2023

Consider the following questions: can a promise be kept by accident? is philosophical doubt really doubt? is a nation that has majority rule but no minority rights a democracy? is the whale a fish? is Buffalo really a city? are tables and chairs ever solid? All these questions either are philosophical or closely resemble philosophical questions in the way they are argued about by both philosophers and nonphilosophers without seeming ever to be definitively resolved. In recent years some notable theories have been put forward to explain disagreements over questions of this sort. Most of these theories seek to explain the existence and persistence of such disagreements in terms of two, or more, meanings of the term whose applicability is in question.
Time in Counterfactuals
Authors: Slote Michael
Published: November 2023

I would like to offer an account of counterfactuals that is strikingly at variance with the presently dominant Stalnaker-Lewis “similarity” theory of counterfactuals, that is something of a throwback to Goodmanlike “cotenability” treatments of counterfactuals, but that differs from Goodman’s conception in putting a special emphasis on temporal distinctions and directions. I shall begin by arguing for and illustrating the importance of two sorts of time reference in the truth conditions of counterfactuals. Thereafter, I shall attempt to show that the role of time in counterfactuals is most readily accommodated by a cotenability framework for counterfactuals, and shall offer a version of cotenability theory that avoids the circularity and some of the counterexamples that afflict earlier forms of the theory. The new version makes distinctive use of the concept of explanation both in explicating the notion of cotenability and in specifying the relation that holds between the antecedent and consequent of true counterfactuals (in English). Towards the end of the paper, I shall discuss the advantages this form of cotenability theory seems to have over current versions of similarity theory.
Assertion and Belief
Authors: Slote Michael
Published: November 2023

This talk will have its messy aspects: I simply haven’t been able to form a clear picture of all the phenomena I would like to speak to you about. In any event, the phenomena of belief and assertion I shall be dealing with are perhaps themselves simply messier and more confusing than one would initially suspect. And I hope to be able to make at least this much clear to you.
Selective Necessity and the Free-Will Problem
Authors: Slote Michael
Published: November 2023

Anew form of argument for the incompatibility of free will and determinism has recently become prevalent. Carl Ginet, James Lamb, Peter van Inwagen, and David Wiggins have all mounted attacks on compatibilism which take inspiration from the fact that nothing can now be done about events in the (remote) past. Unlike older discussions that seem to hinge on the assumption of universal causation alone, these new arguments do not make the mistake of assuming that, since all actions in a deterministic universe are necessitated by past events taken together with (necessary) laws of nature, all our actions are themselves necessary (inevitable, unavoidable) if determinism is true.
Utilitarianism, Moral Dilemmas, and Moral Cost
Authors: Slote Michael
Published: November 2023

Utilitarianism has been charged in a number of different ways with oversimplifying morality and the moral life. But the present paper will confine its attention to two closely related ways in which this criticism can be made. Utilitarianism has recently been accused both of blindness to the possibility of moral dilemmas and of an inability to conceive the idea of moral cost, and in what follows I would like to respond to these charges, not, in the perhaps expectable utilitarian fashion, by admitting them but denying their destructive force against utilitarianism, but by questioning the truth of the charges. It is certainly true that (act-) utilitarian, and, more broadly, (act-) consequentialist moral theories have almost always been presented in ways that seem to preclude moral dilemmas and moral costs, but this appearance results from a tendency to overlook certain historically important forms of utilitarianism and from a failure to recognize the implications of the traditional utilitarian appeal to universal impersonal benevolence. I hope, therefore, to show that the dilemmas and costs that have recently been said to characterize ordinary moral thinking can be plausibly modelled within (act-) utilitarian moral theory. Whether this unsuspected capacity for complexity will be welcome to utilitarians and whether it will take the edge off some of the criticism that has been directed at utilitarianism by defenders of common-sense morality are questions to be discussed at the end of this essay.
Utilitarian Virtue
Authors: Slote Michael
Published: November 2023

Whatever would utilitarianism want with a doctrine of virtue or of particular virtues? Such a question may well occur to anyone reading the title of this essay who is aware of the gulf between utilitarianism—especially act utilitarianism—and the recently reviving tradition of virtue ethics, a tradition that is supposed, among other things, to represent the very opposite of the utilitarian approach. But even if present-day utilitarians have no particular interest in developing a theory of the virtues, I hope to show you that the consistent development of a utilitarianism concerned with more than the evaluation of actions calls for, or at the very least strongly suggests, a utilitarian conception of virtue. Recent work on utilitarianism has shown that optimific right actions are not the only means by which the utilitarian concern for good results may be realized; there is a separate and honorable place for the consequentialist evaluation of human motives and dispositions, and the latter naturally leads to a utilitarian view of the virtues of the sort to be introduced and considered here.
Moderation, Rationality, and Virtue
Authors: Slote Michael
Published: November 2023

In these lectures I shall be discussing some central features of practical rationality. The focus will largely be on extra-moral, or individualistic, practical rationality— though what I shall have to say about such rationality will frequently be supported by comparison with analogous claims that can be made about morality and about practical reason as swayed by moral, and not just individualistic, considerations.
Nietzsche and Virtue Ethics
Authors: Slote Michael
Published: November 2023

In recent years virtue ethics has been undergoing a remarkable revival, and Aristotle has been the principal focus and model of attempts to formulate a contemporary virtue ethics that can hold its own against utilitarianism, Kantian ethics, and contract theory. But other historical names are also associated with virtue ethics and Nietz-sche’s is among them.
Privatization And Just Health Care
Authors: Buchanan Allen
Published: November 2023

When advocates of insurance privatization consider whether private-insurancedominated systems achieve justice at all, they tend to rely on an incomplete set of criteria for a just health-care system. They also mistakenly assume that it is enough to show that justice is in principle achievable within a private-insurance-dominated system. This essay offers a more complete set of criteria for a just health-care system. It then argues that the motivational assumptions needed to make insurance privatization at all plausible (on grounds of choice, efficiency, and quality of care) are inconsistent with the motivational assumptions needed to show that in practice a private insurance-dominated system will achieve justice. A private-insurance-dominated system can be expected to satisfy the criteria for just health care only if (a) there is extensive and effective regulation to constrain the normal competitive behavior of private insurers or if (b) generous public funds are provided to fill the gaps in access left by the private insurance market. Yet the assumptions about the motivations and abilities of the public, regulators, and public officials needed to satisfy conditions or (b) contradict the privatization advocate’s explanations of how privatization will maximize efficiency, choice, and quality of care.
Managed Care: Rationing Without Justice, But Not Unjustly
Authors: Buchanan Allen
Published: November 2023

Three ethical criticisms of managed care are often voiced: (1) by “skimming the cream” of the patient population, managed care organizations fail to discharge their obligations to improve access, or at least, to not worsen it; (2) managed care organizations engage in rationing, thereby depriving patients of care to which they are entitled; and (3) by pressuring physicians to ration care, managed care organizations interfere with physicians’ fulfillment of their fiduciary obligations to provide the best care for each patient. This article argues that each of these criticisms is misconceived. The first rests on the false assumption that the health-care system includes a workable division of responsibility regarding access that assigns obligations concerning access to managed care organizations. The second and third criticisms wrongly assume that we in the United States have taken the first step toward assuring equitable access to care for all, articulating a standard for what counts as an “adequate level of care” to which all are entitled. These three misguided criticisms obscure the most fundamental ethical flaw of managed care: the fact that it operates in an institutional setting within which no connection can be made between the activity of rationing and the basic requirements of justice.
The Continuing Assault on Personal Autonomy in the Wake of the Schiavo Case
Authors: Eisenberg Jon B
Published: November 2023

Core Values

Advance directives for health care have been slow to catch on with the American public since their inception in the late 1960s. But that has changed in the wake of the Schiavo case. During the weeks surrounding Terri Schiavo’s death in early 2005, hundreds of thousands of Americans Wooded health care advocacy organizations and state bar associations with requests for advance directive forms. Pre-Schiavo studies suggested that no more than 10 to 20 percent of Americans had given advance directives, but by November 2005 a Pew Research Center study had that number surging to 29 percent.
Chaucer and the Love-Vision Form
Authors: Minnis A J , Scattergood V J , Smith J J
Published: November 2023

The literary form which dominates Chaucer’s Shorter Poems is that of the dream-vision: the Book of the Duchess,’House of Fame, and Parliament of Fowls and the prologue to the Legend of Good Women all feature narrators who experience highly significant slumber. The main subject treated within the dream framework is love, though in the House of Fame as we now have it love-tidings are promised but not actually reported. It is appropriate, therefore, to provide a general discussion of these matters at the outset, before proceeding to consider the individual poems.
The Tartar’s Bow and the Bow of Ulysses
Authors: Hill Geoffrey
Published: November 2023

‘Tuneful and well measur’d Song’, as Milton praised it in his tribute to Henry Lawes’s word-setting, is not exclusively a matter of technique. It also involves a recognition and acceptance of one’s place in the scheme of things. The musician, spanning words ‘with just note and accent’, shows his mastery in acknowledging that the poet is master. It is the composer’s duty and privilege to ‘humor’ the English tongue, to ‘comply with [its] peculiar nature and exigencies’ and perhaps to confer, by so doing, ‘a particular character or style’. The distinction between advocating technical compliance and maintaining the civil ‘Arts of Complacency and good behaviour’ (645) is not always easily drawn; and our literature might be less rich and resonant if things were otherwise. Milton’s sonnet pays its own tribute to reciprocity, and not merely in a phrase or two of stately cant (‘Thou honour’st Verse, and Verse must lend her wing I To honour thee, the Priest of Phoebus Quire’). The poem did not achieve its final form without trial and error and is, even now, not impeccable.
‘Envoi (1919)’
Authors: Hill Geoffrey
Published: November 2023

‘Envoi (1919)’ recalls in its title the form of the alba (e.g. ‘Alba Innominata’, a version of which Pound had included in his Exultations of 1909) and in its opening lines the melody of Waller’s ‘Go lovely Rose’ which had been set by Milton’s friend and collaborator, the Royalist musician Henry Lawes. From the time of his first discovery of Lawes’s music Pound held it in the highest esteem. ‘To Thomas Campion his ghost, and to the ghost of Henry Lawes, as prayer for the revival of music’: so runs the dedication to the translation of Cavalcanti’s ‘Donna mi prega’ which Pound published in 1928. It is equally the case that Pound held the theory and practice of the nineteenth-century French poet Theophile Gautier, particularly his Emaux et Camees, in comparably high esteem and that Gautier’s prescriptive ‘Chaque piece devaitctre un mcdaillon . . . ‘ can be seen as anticipating the title of ‘Medallion’, the final poem in Hugh Selwyn Mauberley. At the same time, as Pound suggested in an essay of February 1918, ‘On the Hard and Soft in French Poetry’, to view ‘hardness’ itself as ‘a virtue in the poetic’ is an error; the hardness must be a virtue in the ‘intent’;
Gallivanting with Campbell: Orlando and Biography
Authors: Raitt Suzanne
Published: November 2023

The idea of Orlando had a peculiarly personal resonance for Virginia Woolf. From the very beginning, the writing of the book was bound up with her desire for Sackville-West. Its conception was a response to Sackville-West’ immediate absence (she was in Teheran, visiting her husband Harold Nicolson), and it can be read now as a testimonial to Woolf’s intimate knowledge of, and love for, her subject.
‘A Private Matter’: V. Sackville-West’s Later Novels
Authors: Raitt Suzanne
Published: November 2023

The years following the end of Sackville-West’s relationship with Trefusis were a time of adjustment and consolidation. Having caused great scandal by her elopement, Sackville-West returned to Nicolson and, with him, devoted much energy to the stemming of the publicity she had created. Like her autobiographical writing, her life would now be a continual negotiation of the relationship between pleasure, privacy, and openness. This chapter will explore the way this nexus is represented in some of her later, more popular novels.
Tubular Times
Authors: Ostler Rosemarie
Published: November 2023

The eighties almost looked like the twenties, at least if you were looking down Wall Street. The market was bullish, and everyone rushed to get in the money. Fronters in boiler rooms were busy dialing and smiling, hoping to land a mullet. These bucketeers were real experts. They plucked more chickens than a poultry farmer. Lobby lizards followed the ticker tape closely before buying, while Aunt Jane clung to her blue-chip stock.
Match Me In London and the Spanish Match
Authors: Gasper Julia
Published: November 2023

It could be Tormiella’s example of fidelity that London is being invited to match, i.e. to emulate. But there are two other meanings that an audience could have noticed much earlier. One is ‘Marry me in London rather than in Spain.’ The word ̔match̔, particularly in a play concerned with Spain and with enforced marriages, would immediately have suggested the Spanish Match, the great issue of the times.
The Development of English Drama in the Late Seventeenth Century
Authors: Hume Robert D
Published: November 2023

Originally published in 1976, this highly acclaimed, full-scale account of Restoration drama is now available for the first time in a paperback edition. Following the changing patterns of drama decade by decade from 1660 to 1710, the author fully explores the diversity of the plays as they reflect the fads and fashions of a small, highly competitive theatre world constantly buffeted by political and social change. Anxious to avoid misleading generalizations - such as the dominance of `comedy of manners' and the rise of `sentimental' drama - Hume carries out a detailed, chronological survey of some five hundred plays, chronicling the emergence of numerous dramatic modes and their interaction and mutual influence. This meticulous documentation is set within the context of a critical discussion of theories of comedy and tragedy prevalent in the period.
Theories Of Comedy
Authors: Hume Robert D
Published: November 2023

The numerous late seventeenth-century pronouncements on comedy have never proved notably helpful in reading the plays of the time. Critic after critic tells us that comedy must instruct and please by ‘holding the glass’ to a society in need of satiric correction-and faced with such platitudes, modern readers have tended to look elsewhere for help. Indeed, literary theory in this period appears in scraps, and recent studies of it have generally consisted either of dismal lists of puzzling clichés, or of heaps of evidence piled up to support pre-conceptions. If, however, we can get beyond the platitudes and consider more practical issues, we will find information of real value for reading Carolean and post-Carolean comedies. And in the light of recent disagreements about the very nature of ‘Restoration comedy’ and how we should respond to it this seems a worthwhile endeavour.
The Roots of Antifeminist Tradition
Authors: Blamires Alcuin , Pratt Karen , Marx C W
Published: November 2023

Ovid’s poetry became quite widely known in the Middle Ages, particularly from the twelfth century onwards. Christine de Pizan was to target him as a bastion of misogyny, and although her verdict might be open to question it is undeniable that, among the Ovidian epigrams which people loved to remember, not a few were antifeminist. ‘A girl’s word is lighter than leaves in autumn’; ‘A wife’s dowry is wrangling’; ‘Her chastity consists in not having been asked’; ‘Provided he’s rich, they’ll warm to an absolute oaf’—such sayings might be absorbed at school and become the stock-in-trade of any (usually male) literate person. Of course, they simplify the attitude to women in his poetry, which is elusive because of the kaleidoscope of dramatic poses he explores, from the medley of erotic lyricism and suavity in the short poems of the Amores, through the mock-lectures on love psychology in the Art of Love, to the voice of woman betrayed in the Heroides. Generalizations are perilous. It would be especially misleading to highlight passages in which Ovidian women are associated with deceit and twotiming, because duplicity is equally urged upon men. In fact, an intention to treat the sexes evenhandedly is explicitly paraded. ‘I’m giving arms to both sides’, asserts the narrator in Cures for Love (Remedia Amoris, 49-50), and the same holds true for The Art of Love.
Hogarth’s Dilemma
Authors: Wendorf Richard
Published: November 2023

It is surely one of the ironies-and, as I have suggested, one of the weaknesses-of Roger North’s biographical work that, despite the high value he placed on family relations, he rarely drew his brothers together for a group portrait. There was, of course, no existing biographical form on which North could have drawn, and it is also understandable that he modelled his lives of his brothers on his own experiences with them, experiences that were to a large extent separate from each other. His brother John was closest to him while Roger was still his pupil; Francis helped him to advance at the bar; whereas Dudley, with whom Roger enjoyed his most festive relationship, shared with Roger in high-spirited forays about London and in relaxed, intimate interludes with Dudley’s family in the country. But if North had chosen to draw these often diverse strands together, he would have found an analogous form of portraiture emerging in England during the years of his retirement. The ‘conversa-tion’, a group portrait depicting family members or close friends engaged in a common activity, was import d from the Continent by Philippe Mercier, a Frenchman whose polished work was soon absorbed by the more traditionally middle-class character of native English (and Dutch) painting.
Boswell’s Flemish Picture
Authors: Wendorf Richard
Published: November 2023

Among the maxims that James Northcote collected in his two-volume biography of Reynolds is one that raises important questions about the role of distinctiveness and particularity in verbal or visual portraiture: ‘Portraits, as well as written characters of men, should be decidedly marked, otherwise they will be insipid.’ Reynolds’s statement should remind us of Jonathan Richardson’s justification for heightening the characters of his subjects nearly fifty years earlier. ‘Life would be an Insipid thing indeed,’ he wrote in An Essay on the Theory of Painting, ‘if we never saw, or had Ideas of anything but what we commonly see.’ Reynolds, who championed the role of ideal form in painting by arguing that ‘the whole beauty and grandeur of the art consists, in my opinion, in being able to get above all singular forms, local customs, particularities,
Alexander Pope and Burke ‘s A Letter to a Noble Lord: Generic Innovation and Political Discourse
Authors: Bruyn Frans De
Published: November 2023

In 1794 the Pitt administration, in a gesture strongly supported by King George Ill, offered Edmund Burke a sizable pension which, given his chronic financial difficulties, he accepted with gratitude. The situation was not without its ironies, as even the King noted, for in 1782 Burke had been the driving force behind the reform of the very civil list from which he was now to benefit. But that was the least of the ambiguities summoned up on this occasion. Not only did Burke lay himself open to charges, however baseless, of being a ministerial hireling, but, more broadly, his acceptance exposed a labyrinth of tensions and contradictions through which he had threaded his way from the beginning of his career, most notably, the vexed relationship of patron and client, the virtues imputed to independence and the indignities associated with dependence, the prestige of the gentleman-amateur versus the stigma of professionalism, and the disparity between hereditary privilege and hard-won personal accomplishment.
Gentlemen's Prospects: Viewing the World from the ‘Elevation of Reason'
Authors: Bruyn Frans De
Published: November 2023

Perhaps the most salient formal contribution of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century poets to the georgic tradition they inherited from their classical forebears and revived in their topographical poems is, as we have observed, the prospect survey. James Thomson ‘s The Seasons, one of the most ambitious and extended adaptations of georgic form in the eighteenth century, is punctuated by such passages of visual assessment, moments when the narrator stands back and takes a broad view, an ‘equal wide Survey ‘, as he phrases it in Summer, vouchsafing him (and the reader) a glimpse of the order that underlies the welter of detail crowding the poem:
Theatre and Counter-Theatre in Burke’s Reflections on the Revolution in France
Authors: Bruyn Frans De
Published: November 2023

‘I shall not live to behold the unravelling of the intricate plot, which saddens and perplexes the awful drama of Providence, now acting on the moral theatre of the world, ‘ wrote Edmund Burke in the opening paragraphs of the Letters on a Regicide Peace, his last great polemic on the French Revolution (ix. 188). The metaphor invoked here of revolution as grand, tragic theatre must be one of the most sustained leitmotivs running through the outpouring of letters, pamphlets, speeches, and treatises that the events in France provoked from Burke ‘s prolific pen. In his earliest recorded comment on the Revolution, he wrote to Lord Charlemont on 9 August 1789 of his ‘astonishment at the wonderful Spectacle which is exhibited in a Neighbouring and rival Country-what Spectators, and what actors ‘ (Corr. vi. rn). The perception that all the political world ‘s a stage is certainly not new with Burke, nor is it a point of novelty to observe, as Thomas Paine had been quick to note in 1791, that the theatrical metaphor is central to Burke ‘s histrionic interpretation of revolutionary events.
Publications initiated 1770–9
Authors: Fleeman J D
Published: November 2023

Notes: Attributed by Thomas Percy (0: Percy 87), who annotated SJ’s MS of this ‘Character’ (Handlist 111, from J. Waller, Catalogue 82 (1870), 174, £2. 12s. 6d.), which is still untraced. Notes: SJ composed the pamphlet 10-11 January 1770. Strahan printed 500 copies within a week (L: Add. MS 48803, fo. 35), and it was published on 16 January at ls. (Land. Chron.). As is common with such small pamphlets the ½t is often missing.
A Critical Difference
Authors: Goldie David
Published: November 2023

A Critical Difference is a detailed study of perhaps the most intriguing and important literary-critical dialogue of the 1920s. Goldie places the critical writing of T. S. Eliot and John Middleton Murry firmly in the context of a contentious post-war literary culture and argues for the need to read their work as a series of interventions within that culture. The book traces the development of their criticism from early collaboration on the Athenaeum through to the rivalries between Eliot's Criterion and Murry's Adelphi. It explores the informing contexts of several of Eliot's better-known essays and sheds new light on his role as a polemicist and critical controversialist.
Reconstruction: Murry, Eliot, and the Athenaeum,1919–1921
Authors: Goldie David
Published: November 2023

Euot and Murry were peculiarly insulated from the First World War. Murry had been declared unfit for military service, and only in the latter part of the war did he take up an administrative post in the War Office. Indeed, his only spell in France during the war years was in 1916, when he had an idyllic holiday with Katherine Mansfield in Bandol in the south of the country. Eliot had arrived in Britain in 1914, and although he volunteered for military service towards its end, he passed the war firstly in education and then in banking. Although neither was directly involved in it, however, the war and its aftermath would prove of lasting consequence to their criticism.
All’s Well that Ends Well
Authors: Gooch Bryan N S , Thatcher David
Published: November 2023

II. Adams, James Alan. [—]. MS [I 980 ]. Incidental music: [2 tpt, perc, vln, vcl, pf]. First performed B. Iden Payne Theatre, University of Texas at Austin, 14 November r980 (Sean Henningan, Bertram; Marcia Hardin, Helena; James Coate, Lavatch; Mark Watley and Keith McGuire, tpts; Carlos Torrez, perc; Neela Kinariwala, vln; Mark Holt, vcl; Vickie Bibro, pf; Kathleen Conlin, director).

II. Amram, David. [—]. MS [1966 (composer)]. Incidental music: [ch orch]. First performed New York Shakespeare Festival, Delacorte Theater, Central Park, [8] June 1966 (Richard Jordan, Bertram; Barbara Barrie, Helena; Charles Durning, Lavatch; Joseph Papp, director).
Coriolanus
Authors: Gooch Bryan N S , Thatcher David
Published: November 2023

2268 Aramian, F. A, [Koriolan]. MS [circa 1980]. Incidental music. Performed to coincide with the Deutsche Shakespeare-Gesellschaft conference, Weimar, 26 April 1980 (Dramaticheskii teatr im. Sundukiana [of Erevan, USSR]: Ch. Abramian, Coriolanus; L. Oganesian, Volumnia; R. Kaplanian, director).
King Henry V
Authors: Gooch Bryan N S , Thatcher David
Published: November 2023

4690 Amram, David. Henry V. MS [1960 (composer)]; New York: C. F. Peters (formerly on hire). Incidental music: [male solo voice]; ch orch (fl [doubling pie], ob [doubling Eng hn], hn, tpt, trbn, perc [2 players], hp [or pl], vcl). First performed New York Shakespeare Festival, Belvedere Lake Theatre, Central Park, 29 June 1960 Games Ray, Henry V; Leonardo Cimino, Chorus; Bill Monell, singer; Joseph Papp, director). [This music was probably also employed for a touring production mounted by the Festival’s Delacorte Mobile Theater, which opened at Mt. Morris Park, Manhattan, 26 June 1965 (Papp, director).]
King Henry VIII
Authors: Gooch Bryan N S , Thatcher David
Published: November 2023

4966 Applebaum, Louis. —. MS 1961 (Tyu [Louis Applebaum Papers/Accession I/Box 17/File 284 (T-12)]). Incidental music: [high] voice; orch (fl, ob, bsn, hn, 2 tpt, 2 trbn, tuba, perc [2 players for timp, bells, vibes], gtr). First performed Stratford Shakespearean Festival, Festival Theatre, Stratford, ON, 20 June 1961 (Douglas Campbell, Henry VIII; Kate Reid, Queen Katherine; Douglas Rain, Wolsey; Alan and Blanche Lund, choreographers; Alfred Strombergs, conductor; George McCowan, director). 4967 Attwood, Thomas. [—]. MS [1799). Song for singing actress. [First] performed Covent Garden, London, 1 S May 1 799 Ooseph George Holman, Henry VIII; Elizabeth Pope, Queen Katherine; Alexander Pope, Wolsey; Eliza Atkins, Patience and singer).
Julius Caesar
Authors: Gooch Bryan N S , Thatcher David
Published: November 2023

5245 Aaltoila, Heikki. Musiikkia nciytelmdiiri Julius Caesar [Music to the Play Julius Caesar]. MS I’J59 [Suomen Kansallisteatteri]. Incidental music: [ms solo; orch (fl, ob, bsn, 3 hn, 2 tpt, 3 trbn, tuba, timp, perc [2 players], hp)]. First performed Suomen Kansallisteatteri, Helsinki, 18 March I 9S9 (Jalmari Rinne, Julius Caesar; Jussi Jurkka, Antony; Leo Riuttu, Brutus; Matti Ranin, Cassius; Eila Peitsalo, Lucius; Edvin Laine, director), in Arvi Kivimaa’s adaptation of Paavo Cajander’s translation.
Troilus and Cressida
Authors: Gooch Bryan N S , Thatcher David
Published: November 2023

16432 Amie!, Jon. [—]. MS [1973]. Incidental music. First performed [Arts Theatre, Cambridge], 1973 (Marlowe Society, Cambridge University: Mike Thomas, Troilus; Sandra Billington, Cressida; Andrew Wickes, Pandarus; Richard Cottrell, director). 16433 Amram, David. [—]. MS [1965 (composer)]. Incidental music: [ch orch]. First performed New York Shakespeare Festival, Delacorte Theater, Central Park, 4 August 1965 (Richard Jordan, Troilus; Flora Elkins, Cressida; Frank Schofield, Pandarus; Joseph Papp, director).
The Two Gentlemen of Verona
Authors: Gooch Bryan N S , Thatcher David
Published: November 2023

18348 Amram, David. [—]. MS [1957 (composer)]. Incidental music: [singing actor(s)]; fl, ob, bsn, hn, perc, hpchd. First performed New York Shakespeare Festival, Belvedere Lake Theatre, Central Park, 22 July 19 57 (Robert Blackburn, Valentine; [Paul Stevens], Proteus; Anne Meara, Julia; Herta Payson, choreographer; Stuart Vaughan, director).

18349 Applebaum, Louis. Two Gentlemen of Verona. MS 1958 (Tyu [Louis Applebaum Papers/Accession I/Box 19/File 308 (T-4)]). Incidental music: [male] solo voice; instr ensemble (ob, cl, hp, vln, vcl). First performed Grand Theatre, London, ON, 14 February 1958; this touring production opened in New York at Phoenix Theatre, 18 March 1958 (Stratford Shakespearean Festival Company [of Stratford, ON]: Eric House, Valentine; Lloyd Bochner, Proteus; Ann Morrish, Julia; William Cole, singer; Tom Brown, choreographer; Michael Langham, director).
James Ussher
Authors: Parry Graham
Published: November 2023

Selden ‘s funeral sermon was preached by his lifelong friend James Ussher, the Irish theologian and antiquarian, who declared that ‘he looked upon the deceased as so great a scholar, that himself was scarce worthy to carry his books after him. ‘ In truth, however, they were of a similar stature, towering figures of scholarship, ‘the great Goliaths of Literature ‘ as Anthony Wood called them.1 What Selden was to legal antiquarianism, so Ussher was to ecclesiastical antiquarianism, each a master of prodigious learning, and as familiar with the most ancient sources of his subject as of its subsequent development through the ages until his own time. But the current of Selden ‘s researches flowed towards a more secularized world, whereas Ussher primarily directed his energies to consolidating the position of the reformed Church in a world where religious issues remained paramount. Ussher ‘s work was in fact the last great flowering of Reformation scholarship in Britain, in the tradition of John Foxe, John Jewel, and Matthew Parker, and like them, he was concerned to demonstrate the truth and antiquity of the Protestant religion against the arguments of Roman Catholic antagonists. He was a major participant in the intellectual war between the Roman and Protestant Churches that persisted for a century after the Reformation, and for that reason, much of his writing was in Latin, for he addressed an international audience. Yet it was his distinction to remain an admired and respected scholar even amongst his Catholic opponents, for the integrity of his beliefs and the quality of his scholarship alike impressed themselves on his contemporaries of all parties.
Britannia Revised
Authors: Parry Graham
Published: November 2023

So diverse and industrious had the enquiry been into the antiquities of the nation in the course of the seventeenth century, that in the last decade a project was floated to bring out a new edition of Camden ‘s Britannia that would reflect the remarkable advances in antiquarian understanding in the hundred years since its first publication. The prime mover of this project was Edmund Gibson, a young Fellow of Queen ‘s College, Oxford. He himself was a precocious antiquary, whose enthusiasm and discipline qualified him to be an admirable editor of the Britannia. Born in 1669 in Westmorland, Gibson had become fascinated by antiquarian studies as a student, and in particular he was drawn into Anglo Saxon scholarship by the influence of George Hickes who had brought that subject to a new eminence in Oxford in the 168os.1 His talents were rapidly revealed by the edition of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle that he published in 1692, with a Latin translation and notes. Abraham Wheelock had already printed a version of the Chronicle, based on a manuscript in Cotton ‘s library and on the manuscript at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, but Gibson was able to draw on further versions to produce a much more substantial edition of this collection of documents, which forms such an important continuous record of events in England from the late sixth century until the Conquest.
Theocritus Thirteen
Authors: Campbell Malcolm
Published: November 2023

Hylas is seized by nymphs-not the nymphs of epic, but the kind that haunt the ordinary countryside, the forebears perhaps of ledonnedifuora (known also as donne di note, cf. 45 fin.) of Theocritus‘ homeland: fond of dancing, sleep less, attracted by handsome humans, dangerous and often lethal but given also to displays of maternal affection, as the nymphs here attempt to console the weeping κoυ ρoc (53, heralded by 46) perched on their knees (a wry echo, as Gow notes, of Il. 21.506, where Artemis goes child-like to Zeus for comfort). The tears, and another distinctive element in the sequel to Hylas‘ abduction, the answering cries (58f., also epic in texture), smack of local tradition: a κoυ ρoc (of illustrious parentage) snatched away by nymphs but living on to participate in a ritual lament in the form of an echo from the depths of a spring. (One might have inferred this much even if the Nie. /Ant. Lib. account cited by Gow on 58 and allied versions had not been preserved.) Antiquarianism takes a back seat in Theocritus, whose Hylas is a true object of pity. Fully alerted as we have been to his immaturity and dependence on Heracles the father- and indeed (12f., seen. 13) mother-figure, we must feel for this weeping recipient of divine favours who attempts as π α ic (59) to communicate with his lost ϵ ρ αcτ ηc, rather as we feel for the ‘tearful‘ shade of the hero Sthenelus, who parted company for good with Heracles on a previous expedition and who yearned to re-establish contact, however fleetingly, with the land of the living (A.R, 2. 911f.).
The Political Background of Democritus
Authors: Lewis David
Published: November 2023

A Recent courageous attempt to investigate Democritus‘ political theory tells us ‘We know nothing whatever … about his involvement, if any, in the politics of Abdera, about whose constitution at this period we also know nothing.‘ No one knows better than Kenneth that such statements, crossing the borders of the conventional disciplines, are liable to go out of date, sometimes long before they are made. There is in fact a certain amount to be said. The student of political thought may need to be reminded of some basic facts. Abdera was founded by refugees from the Ionian city of Teos after the Persian conquest of Ionia, say, in the late 540s. Herodotus (r. 168), who tells us this, speaks as if the entire population moved, but Strabo (14. r. 30, p. 644) says that some later returned to Teos. Indeed, quite apart from local epigraphic evidence to be considered later, the Athenian tribute-lists attest the existence of Teos from 450, paying 6 talents, two-fifths of the amount paid by Abdera. That the Teian identity of Abdera was strong might have been inferred from Herodotus‘ reference to Tηiω ν τ ω ν ϵ ν Aβ δ η ρoici; there were further indications in the varying origins ascribed to Protagoras and Hekataios of Abdera, both also described as Teians, Protagoras by his contemporary Eupolis.
Sexual Violence Archaic Athens and the Recent Past
Authors: Kilmer Martin
Published: November 2023

Mark Golden has recently argued that. there is an undercurrent of sadism in Greek art of the late archaic and classical periods-to be found in both literary and visual arts. As prime examples of this, he cites literary accounts of the (ritual) murders of Iphigeneia at Aulis (described by Aiskhylos at Ag. 231-47) and of Polyxena (described by Euripides in the Hecuba). His prime example from the visual arts is the Wounded Niobid in the Terme Museum (a some what controversial piece; but in this case it matters little whether the statue is really Attic and of mid-fifth-century date, or is a later copy of a statue of the same period).
Thucydides 6. 100
Authors: Yaginuma Shigetake
Published: November 2023

Thucydides 6. 100 contains five sentences: the first sentence (100. 1) comprises 137 words, while the second (100. 2) has 7, the third (100. 2) has 13, the fourth (100. 2) has 25, and the fifth (100. 3) has 22. That is to say, this passage consists of one extremely long sentence and four much shorter ones. My question is why the first is so long and the others so short.
‘Only the Other Day‘
Authors: Russell Donald
Published: November 2023

"Greek Homosexuality is the book we must all consult when our exploration of antiquity comes up against that phenomenon. One thing perfectly clear from Kenneth Dover‘s evidence (e.g. p. 197) is that the practice was accepted in many cities by about 600 BC, well before the classical period of Attic culture. That its original centres were Dorian-specifically, Crete and Sparta-is the common view, both in ancient and in modern times. Then why, in a dialogue set in the second half of the first century AD, and written only a generation later than its setting, should a character be made to call the introduction of homosexual practices recent? Yet Daphnaeus, one of the champions of heterosexual love in Plutarch‘s Amatorius, says just this (715 F):
Trochee to Iamb, Iamb to Trochee
Authors: Parker Laetitia
Published: November 2023

The rhythmic sequence ... × _ ⏝ × _... is almost ubiquitous in Greek metre. In the sapphic and alcaic stanzas of Lesbos it provides a setting for the aeolic signature-phrase_ ⏝ ⏝ _ ⏝ ×. In Sicily, Stesichorus seems to have combined it with dactylic to create dactylo-epitrite. In its most common and extensive use, above all in Attic poetry, it is constructed Κ α τ μ ϵ τ ρo ν either as ‘iambic‘ or ‘trochaic‘, depending on whether the anceps position begins or ends the metron. The close kinship of the two rhythms is well illustrated by Porson‘s observation (supplement to preface to Hecuba) that subtracting _ ⏝ × from the beginning of a catalectic trochaic tetrameter leaves an iambic trimeter, caesurae, ‘bridges‘, and all. One colon, the lecythion, is equally at home in either metre, and can serve to make the transition between them.
The Genesis of Jacoby’s Atthis
Authors: Chambers Mortimer
Published: November 2023

"‘Have you read Jacoby‘s Atthis?‘ asked K.J. Dover of an American pupil forty years ago. I then did my best to work my way into this formidable study. Eberhard Ruschenbusch was later to tell me this was the first book he ever read in English: at first hearing, a breath-taking achievement, but then understandable in view of the flowing Germanic structure of Jacoby‘s prose. Complex as the book is, its genesis was no less so, and I hope that Sir Kenneth, who knew Jacoby, may enjoy its story. FelixJacoby (1876-1959) had to give up his chair of Latin in the University of Kiel in 1934. He moved to Finkenkrug, a suburb of Berlin (now in the GDR), where he and his wife lived with their son Hans and his family.
Introduction
Authors: Swain Simon
Published: November 2023

This book is concerned with Greek culture and society between AD 50 and 250, the period known to us from the biographer and sophist Philostratus as the ‘second sophistic’.’ My aim is twofold. First, I want to explore the identity of the Greeks of this time with respect to their ancestors, the ‘ancient Greeks’, who were the source of their moral and political authority. The focus will be on the male Greek elite, that is, the restricted group in control of economy, culture, and government whose activities and beliefs are reasonably well known to us, and on the world of Old Greece and Asia Minor, where the culture in which I am interested was best represented and where populations most clearly expressed their relationship with the Greece of the classical or mythological age. In the second part of the book I want to consider from the standpoint of Greek culture how the leading Greek intellectuals of the second sophistic viewed Rome and Roman power in Greece and the Greek world. Periodization is naturally problematic. It too often reflects examination syllabuses rather than real cultural or political boundaries. However, the world of the Greek elite in the second sophistic age is distinctive. In political terms it benefited particularly from the prosperity and stability of the High Roman Empire and from its largely philhellene emperors.