bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autoencoder-based image processing framework for object appearance modifications
Authors: Ślot Krzysztof , Kapusta Paweł , Kucharski Jacek
Published: May 2020

The presented paper introduces a novel method for enabling appearance modifications for complex image objects. Qualitative visual object properties, quantified using appropriately derived visual attribute descriptors, are subject to alterations. We adopt a basic convolutional autoencoder as a framework for the proposed attribute modification algorithm, which is composed of the following three steps. The algorithm begins with the extraction of attribute-related information from autoencoder’s latent representation of an input image, by means of supervised principal component analysis. Next, appearance alteration is performed in the derived feature space (referred to as ‘attribute-space’), based on appropriately identified mappings between quantitative descriptors of image attributes and attribute-space features. Finally, modified attribute vectors are transformed back to latent representation, and output image is reconstructed in the decoding part of an autoencoder. The method has been evaluated using two datasets: images of simple objects—digits from MNIST handwritten-digit dataset and images of complex objects—faces from CelebA dataset. In the former case, two qualitative visual attributes of digit images have been selected for modifications: slant and aspect ratio, whereas in the latter case, aspect ratio of face oval was subject to alterations. Evaluation results prove, both in qualitative and quantitative terms, that the proposed framework offers a promising tool for visual object editing.
Early adversity predicts adoptees’ enduring emotional and behavioral problems in childhood
Authors: Paine Amy L. , Fahey Kevin , Anthony Rebecca E. , Shelton Katherine H.
Published: May 2020

Children adopted from the public care system are likely to experience a cluster of inter-related risk factors that may place them on a trajectory of mental health problems that persist across the life course. However, the specific effects of putative risk factors on children’s mental health post-placement are not well understood. We conducted a prospective, longitudinal study of children placed for adoption between 2014 and 2015 (N = 96). Adoptive parents completed questionnaires at approximately 5, 21, 36, and 48 months post-placement. We used time series analysis to examine the impact of pre-adoptive risk factors [adverse childhood experiences [ACEs], number of moves, days with birth parents and in care] on children’s internalizing and externalizing problems, and prosocial behavior over 4 years post-placement. Adoptees’ internalizing and externalizing problems remained consistently high over the 4-year study period, but more ACEs predicted increases in internalizing and externalizing problems. Contrary to expectations, more pre-placement moves and time in care predicted fewer problems over time, but exploratory analyses of interactive effects revealed this was only the case in rare circumstances. We identify pre- and post-removal factors that may incur benefits or have a deleterious impact on adoptees’ outcomes in post-adoptive family life. Our findings provide knowledge for front-line professionals in the support of adoptive families and underscore the vital need for effective early intervention.
Early diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis among psoriasis patients: clinical experience sharing
Authors: Su Yu-Jih
Published: May 2020

Background

The early detection of psoriatic arthritis (PSA) poses a challenge to rheumatologists, even when their diagnosis is aided by sonography. In order to facilitate early detection of PSA among patients with psoriasis (PSO), we retrospectively analyzed of the relationships between serological markers and comorbidities in 629 psoriatic patients, 102 of which had PSA, while the other 527 had PSO.

Results

Serological markers were found not to be useful in distinguishing between PSA and PSO (p > 0.05 for all comparisons). The prevalence rate of PSA among PSO patients was around 19.4%. Two components of metabolic syndrome—hyperlipidemia (2.94%) and gout (4.9%)—were significantly more prevalent in PSA patients than in PSO patients (p < 0.05). The odds ratio for PSA is 15.94 in patients with hyperlipidemia with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.64–154.80; meanwhile, the odds ratio for PSA is 3.83 in patients with gout with a 95% CI of 1.19–12.31. Allergic rhinitis (5.88%) was more prevalent in PSA patients than in PSO patients (p < 0.01). The odds ratio was 8.17 in patients with allergic rhinitis with a 95% CI of 2.26–29.50. Plasma hs-miR-210-3p distinguishes PSA from PSO, and its levels can also be distinguished from PSA after treated with anti-TNFα biologics agents (bothp < 0.05).

Conclusions

No clinical available serology markers, but hyperlipidemia, gout, axial spondylopathy (inflammatory back pain), or allergic rhinitis, could differentiate between psoriatic arthritis from psoriasis. Plasma hs-miR-210-3p and comorbidities may differentiate psoriatic arthritis from psoriasis.Key Points• Clinical manifestations and comorbidities are different between psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis only patients.• Traditional serology markers are similar between psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis-only patients.• Plasma hs-miR-210-3p distinguishes PSA from PSO, and its levels can also be distinguished from PSA after treated with anti-TNFα biologics agents in our study.
Involvement of O2·− in the regulation of Polycomb, Trithorax and LEC1, L1L, WUS, WOX5, STM gene expression during somatic embryogenesis induction in M. truncatula
Authors: Orłowska Anna , Kępczyńska Ewa
Published: May 2020

2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), an auxinic herbicide, in many in vitro somatic embryogenesis systems is used to induce embryogenesis. This compound present at a low concentration (0.5 µM) during the induction phase, is necessary forM. truncatulaembryogenic callus formation and, consequently, for embryo development. 2,4-D in higher concentration (5 µM) causes an increase in O2·−accumulation which disturbs the callus and embryos formation. However, above processes are disturbed by DPI, an inhibitor of the NADPH oxidase responsible for the O2·−production. Thus, the aim of this study was to elucidate whether during first week of induction phase the change in the level of O2·−affects the expression of genes encoding Polycomb and Trithorax group proteins and the transcription level of some marker genes for SE. The expression ofPolycombandTrithoraxgroup genes, and coding the transcription factors such as: LEC1, L1L, WUS, WOX5 and STM depends on the O2·−accumulation in explant cells. Disorder of its level by manipulation of the concentration of 2,4-D or DPI disrupts expression of the above-mentioned genes and causes disturbances in the callus growth and development of somatic embryos.
A Review of the Relationship Between CTRP Family and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Si Yueqiao , Fan Wenjun , Sun Lixian
Published: May 2020

Purpose of Review

In recent years, a family of adiponectin paralogs designated as C1q/TNF-related protein (CTRP) has attracted increasing attention. They are inflammatory adipocytokines mostly secreted from epicardial adipose tissue, which modulate the development and prognosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). This review summarizes the pathophysiological roles of individual members of the CTRP superfamily in the development of CAD.

Recent Findings

Recent studies have revealed how members of the CTRP family, CTRP1, CTRP3, CTRP5, CTRP9, CTRP12, and CTRP13, can influence both development and progression of CAD by modulating metabolic pathways, influencing immuno-inflammatory response, and regulating cardiovascular functions.

Research to date has not been sufficient to answer the specific mechanism of the CTRP family in the occurrence and development of CAD. This review explores the evidence of CTRP superfamily regulating different pathophysiology stages of CAD through the immuno-inflammation, glucose and lipid metabolism, and vascular endothelial function.
The implementation of pharmacogenomics into UK general practice: a qualitative study exploring barriers, challenges and opportunities
Authors: Rafi I. , Crinson I. , Dawes M. , Rafi D. , Pirmohamed M. , Walter F. M.
Published: May 2020

Pharmacogenomics describes interpatient genetic variability in drug responses. Information based on whole genome sequencing will soon open up the field of pharmacogenomics and facilitate the use of genomic information relating to drug metabolism and drug responses. We undertook a qualitative study, aiming to explore the potential barriers, opportunities and challenges facing the implementation of pharmacogenomics into primary care. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 18 clinical participants (16 GPs and 2 other clinicians). All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Using a thematic analysis approach, data items were coded, ordered and themes constructed. Most participants were aged 55–60 years and worked as part-time clinical GPs with other clearly defined roles. The emerging themes covered several areas of concern, including the following: the utility of pharmacogenomics and the value of introducing such testing into primary care; how to educate the primary care workforce and ‘mainstream’ pharmacogenomics; the ethical, legal and social aspects of pharmacogenomics and its impact on patients; and potential impacts on the healthcare system particularly around economics and informatics. Most participants had concerns about pharmacogenomics and felt that there were a number of barriers and challenges to its implementation into routine primary care. Most striking were their concerns around the cost-effectiveness of using pharmacogenomics in primary care. At the same time most recognised the increasing availability of direct-to-consumer testing, and felt that this would drive the need to understand the ethical and social implications of using genomic information in primary care. This study has raised important issues that need to be considered when planning the implementation of pharmacogenomics into clinical practice. Prior to the implementation of genomic testing into day-to-day practice in UK primary care, it is important that considerations around education, cost-effectiveness and informatics are addressed, as well as the impact on patients.
Comparing adult education systems: Canada and Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Walker Judith
Published: May 2020

This article examines recent policy initiatives in adult education and training in Canada and Aotearoa New Zealand in relation to political and educational reforms enacted over the previous decades. The paper attempts to deepen our understanding of adult education systems—or lack thereof—in each place, and of neoliberalism, and responses to it.
The Balanced Threat Agreement for Individual Externality Negotiation Problems
Authors: Borm Peter , Funaki Yukihiko , Ju Yuan
Published: May 2020

This paper introduces a model to analyze individual externalities and the associated negotiation problem, which has been largely neglected in the game theoretic literature. Following an axiomatic perspective, we propose a solution, as a payoff sharing scheme, called the balanced threat agreement, for such problems. It highlights an agent’s potential influences on all agents by threatening to enter or quit. We further study the solution by investigating its consistency. We also offer a discussion on the related stability issue.
Appraising the Epistemic Performance of Social Systems: The Case of Think Tank Evaluations
Authors: Claveau François , Veillette Andréanne
Published: May 2020

This article elaborates a conceptual framework to systematize the epistemic evaluation of social systems. This framework can be used to structure an evaluation or to characterize and assess existing ones. The article then uses the framework to assess four representative evaluations of think tanks. This meta-evaluation exemplifies how the framework can play its structuring role. It also leads us to general conclusions about the existing evaluations of think tanks. Most importantly, by focusing on the organizational level, existing evaluations miss factors that are situated at the network and ecosystemic levels and that significantly determine how well think tanks serve society in producing and disseminating knowledge relevant to public policy. This conclusion suggests the need for epistemic evaluations of think tank ecosystems.
ENDOSCOPY FOR HECKE CATEGORIES, CHARACTER SHEAVES AND REPRESENTATIONS
Authors: LUSZTIG GEORGE , YUN ZHIWEI
Published: May 2020

For a reductive group

$G$

over a finite field, we show that the neutral block of its mixed Hecke category with a fixed monodromy under the torus action is monoidally equivalent to the mixed Hecke category of the corresponding endoscopic group

$H$

with trivial monodromy. We also extend this equivalence to all blocks. We give two applications. One is a relationship between character sheaves on

$G$

with a fixed semisimple parameter and unipotent character sheaves on the endoscopic group

$H$

, after passing to asymptotic versions. The other is a similar relationship between representations of

$G(\mathbb{F}_{q})$

with a fixed semisimple parameter and unipotent representations of

$H(\mathbb{F}_{q})$

.
Throughput Legitimacy and the Duty to Consult: The Limits of the Law to Produce Quality Interactions in British Columbia's EA Process
Authors: Do Minh
Published: May 2020

The duty to consult mandates that the Crown must consult affected Indigenous parties when Crown action may negatively impact Aboriginal rights or title claims. The Supreme Court of Canada (SCC) has emphasized that the duty should be characterized by honourable dealings and good faith negotiations. This article argues that the concept of throughput legitimacy can help evaluate the Crown's conduct in consultation. By analyzing 131 British Columbia Environmental Assessments (BC EAs), this article finds that the Crown struggles to uphold throughput legitimacy from the perspective of Indigenous peoples, particularly in the areas of transparency, accountability and effectiveness.
Interest, Usury, and the Transition from “Muslim” to “Islamic” Banks, 1908–1958
Authors: O'Sullivan Michael
Published: May 2020

This article examines the creation of the first privately-owned Muslim banks in the first half of the twentieth century and the legal debates they instigated among Muslim communities. Whether in Bosnia or India, these banks appeared suddenly in the years immediately before the First World War. They were envisioned as a way to free up Muslim capital for productive ends, and as the means to jumpstart a Muslim economic renaissance. Far from masking their interest transactions, the banks' founders and customers pointed to a range of Islamic legal rulings that justified interest levied on deposits and loans. These rulings varied from one geographic locale to the next, and were expressive of diverse Muslim institutional and legal histories. Yet in an age when the formerly diffuse discursive terrain around interest, usury, and the Islamic foundational sources was shifting towards a consensus that rejected any interest/usury distinction, some of these banks faced acute challenges, particularly in India. There, novel notions of interest-free Islamic economics were articulated from the interwar period, which rejected any form of Muslim interest-banking. In time, the earlier iteration of Muslim interest banking became overshadowed by the new paradigm of “Islamic banks” which purportedly eschewed all financial interest.
Prospection of immunological biomarkers for characterization and monitoring of asymptomatic Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum infection
Authors: da Cunha Gisele Macêdo Rodrigues , Carneiro Mariângela , Pascoal-Xavier Marcelo Antônio , da Rocha Iara Caixeta Marques , Magalhães Fernanda do Carmo , Martins-Filho Olindo Assis , Oliveira Edward , Peruhype-Magalhães Vanessa
Published: May 2020

In areas endemic for Leishmania infantum, an asymptomatic infection may be an indicator of the extent of transmission. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the applicability of measuring circulating immunological biomarkers as an alternative strategy to characterize and monitor L. infantum asymptomatic infections in combination with serological methods. To this end, 179 children from a region endemic for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), aged 1–10 years old, selected from a cross-sectional study, were identified as asymptomatic (n = 81) or uninfected (n = 98) by qPCR and/or serological tests (ELISA using L. infantum soluble antigen and rK39), and, together with serum samples of children diagnosed with VL (n = 43), were subjected to avidity tests and cytokine levels measurement. Avidity rates (AR) ranging from 41 to 70% were found in 29 children (66%) from the asymptomatic group. On the other hand, high AR (above 70%) were observed in 27 children (64%) from the VL group. Logistic Regression and Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analyses demonstrated that lower AR and IFN-γ production associated with higher IL-17A levels were hallmarks in asymptomatic L. infantum infections. Therefore, this study proposes an association of immunological biomarkers that can be used as a complementary strategy for the characterization and monitoring of asymptomatic VL infections in children living in endemic areas.
“Social physiology” for psychiatric semiology: How TTOM can initiate an interactive turn for computational psychiatry?
Authors: Dumas Guillaume , Gozé Tudi , Micoulaud-Franchi Jean-Arthur
Published: May 2020

Thinking through other minds (TTOM) encompasses new dimensions in computational psychiatry: social interaction and mutual sense-making. It questions the nature of psychiatric manifestations (semiology) in light of recent data on social interaction in neuroscience. We propose the concept of “social physiology” in response to the call by the conceivers of TTOM for the renewal of computational psychiatry.
Participating in a musician's stream of consciousness
Authors: Vickhoff Björn
Published: May 2020

Do we acquire culture through other minds, or do we get access to other minds through culture? Music culture is a practice as well as the people involved. Sounding music works as a script guiding action, as do, to varying degrees, many rituals and customs. Collective co-performance of the script enables inter-subjectivity, which arguably contributes to the formation of subcultures. Shared-emotional experiences give material to the narrative of who we are.
Affective Social Learning serves as a quick and flexible complement to TTOM
Authors: Clément Fabrice , Dukes Daniel
Published: May 2020

Although we applaud the general aims of the target article, we argue that Affective Social Learning completes TTOM by pointing out how emotions can provide another route to acquiring culture, a route which may be quicker, more flexible, and even closer to an axiological definition of culture (less about what is, and more about what should be) than TTOM itself.
How does social cognition shape enculturation?
Authors: Michael John , de Bruin Leon
Published: May 2020

Other people in our culture actively transform our behavioral dispositions and mental states by shaping them in various ways. In the following, we highlight three points which Veissière et al. may consider in leveraging their account to illuminate the dynamics by which this occurs, and in particular, to shed light on how social cognition supports, and is supported by, enculturation.
Encultured minds, not error reduction minds
Authors: Mirski Robert , Bickhard Mark H. , Eck David , Gut Arkadiusz
Published: May 2020

There are serious theoretical problems with the free-energy principle model, which are shown in the current article. We discuss the proposed model's inability to account for culturally emergent normativities, and point out the foundational issues that we claim this inability stems from.
Have we lost the thinker in other minds? Human thinking beyond social norms
Authors: Bouizegarene Nabil
Published: May 2020

Veissière and colleagues suggest that thinking is entirely based on social norms. I point out that despite the fact that social norms are commonly used to alleviate cognitive processing, some individuals are willing and able to go about the costly process of questioning them and exploring other valuable ways of thinking.
Bi-Level Adaptive Computed-Current Impedance Controller for Electrically Driven Robots
Authors: Jalaeian-F. Mohsen , Fateh Mohammad Mehdi , Rahimiyan Morteza
Published: May 2020

This paper presents a bi-level adaptive computed-current impedance controller for electrically driven robots. This study aims to reduce calculation complexities by utilizing the electrical equations of actuators, instead of the entire model of the electromechanical system. Moreover, taking the dynamical effects of mechanical parts into account through the current’s feedback, external disturbances are compensated. In order to handle uncertainties, a bi-level optimization problem is formulated to obtain guaranteed stability besides the estimation convergence. An adaptation rule and its optimal tuning gain are achieved. The proposed method is applied to control of a rehabilitation robot to evaluate its performance.
In defence of revealed preference theory
Authors: Thoma Johanna
Published: May 2020

This paper defends revealed preference theory against a pervasive line of criticism, according to which revealed preference methodology relies on appealing to some mental states, in particular an agent’s beliefs, rendering the project incoherent or unmotivated. I argue that all that is established by these arguments is that revealed preference theorists must accept a limited mentalism in their account of the options an agent should be modelled as choosing between. This is consistent both with an essentially behavioural interpretation of preference and with standard revealed preference methodology. And it does not undermine the core motivations of revealed preference theory.
Ordeals, inequalities, moral hazard and non-monetary incentives in health care
Authors: Hausman Daniel M.
Published: May 2020

This essay begins by summarizing the reasons why unregulated health-care markets are inefficient. The inefficiencies stem from the asymmetries of information among providers, patients and payers, which give rise to moral hazard and adverse selection. Attempts to ameliorate these inefficiencies by means of risk-adjusted insurance and monetary incentives such as co-pays and deductibles lessen the inefficiencies at the cost of increasing inequalities. Another possibility is to rely on non-monetary incentives, including ordeals. While not a magic bullet, these are feasible methods for addressing the inadequacies of market provision of health care, such as moral hazard.
First human–robot archery competition: a new humanoid robot challenge
Authors: Tu Kuo-Yang , Lin Hong-Yu , Li You-Ru , Hung Che-Ping , Baltes Jacky
Published: May 2020

A humanoid robot developed to play multievent athletes like human has paved a way for interesting and popular robotics research. One of the great dreams is to develop a humanoid robot being able to challenge human athletes. Therefore, the challenge of humanoid robots to play archery against human is organized at Taichung, Taiwan, in HuroCup, FIRA 2018, on August 7th. The difficulties of developing humanoid robot are not just on playing archery. The humanoid robots for HuroCup must make use of the same hardware for the 10 events. In this paper, the design and implementation of the humanoid robot for archery are proposed under the trade off with other nine events. Therefore, the humanoid robot must have some special design and development on software. More specially, the humanoid robot must use professional bow to challenge human for archery competition. Therefore, in this paper, special shooting posture under constrained arm structure and motion planning of both arms for more torque to play professional bow are proposed. In addition, the further development of humanoid robot to improve archery shooting is summarized.
An alternative neutron diffractometer performance for strain/stress measurements
Authors: Mikula Pavol , Saroun Jan , Ryukhtin Vasyl , Stammers James
Published: May 2020

An alternative neutron diffractometer performance, which documents the feasibility of using a high-resolution three-axis neutron diffractometer for elastic and plastic deformation studies of bulk metallic polycrystalline samples, is presented. Contrary to the conventional double-axis setting, the suggested alternative consists of an unconventional three-axis set-up employing a bent perfect crystal monochromator and an analyzer with a polycrystalline sample in between. Though the alternative is, for measurements, much more time-consuming, its sensitivity to the change of the diffraction angle of the sample is, however, substantially higher and permits also plastic deformation studies on the basis of analysis of the diffraction line profiles. Moreover, much larger widths (up to 10 mm) of the irradiated gauge volumes can be investigated when just slightly affecting the angular resolution properties of the experimental setting.
Challenges in Quantifying Air‐Water Carbon Dioxide Flux Using Estuarine Water Quality Data: Case Study for Chesapeake Bay
Authors: Herrmann Maria , Najjar Raymond G. , Da Fei , Friedman Jaclyn R. , Friedrichs Marjorie A. M. , Goldberger Sreece , Menendez Alana , Shadwick Elizabeth H. , Stets Edward G. , St‐Laurent Pierre
Published: May 2020

Estuaries play an uncertain but potentially important role in the global carbon cycle via CO2 outgassing. The uncertainty mainly stems from the paucity of studies that document the full spatial and temporal variability of estuarine surface water partial pressure of carbon dioxide ( pCO2). Here, we explore the potential of utilizing the abundance of pH data from historical water quality monitoring programs to fill the data void via a case study of the mainstem Chesapeake Bay (eastern United States). We calculate pCO2 and the air‐water CO2 flux at monthly resolution from 1998 to 2018 from tidal fresh to polyhaline waters, paying special attention to the error estimation. The biggest error is due to the pH measurement error, and errors due to the gas transfer velocity, temporal sampling, the alkalinity mixing model, and the organic alkalinity estimation are 72%, 27%, 15%, and 5%, respectively, of the error due to pH. Seasonal, interannual, and spatial variability in the air‐water flux and surface pCO2 is high, and a correlation analysis with oxygen reveals that this variability is driven largely by biological processes. Averaged over 1998–2018, the mainstem bay is a weak net source of CO2 to the atmosphere of 1.2 (1.1, 1.4) mol m−2 yr−1 (best estimate and 95% confidence interval). Our findings suggest that the abundance of historical pH measurements in estuaries around the globe should be mined in order to constrain the large spatial and temporal variability of the CO2 exchange between estuaries and the atmosphere.
The Cyclonic Eddy Train in the Indian Ocean Sector of the Southern Ocean as Revealed by Satellite Radar Altimeters and In Situ Measurements
Authors: Mizobata K. , Shimada K. , Aoki S. , Kitade Y.
Published: May 2020

We investigated dynamic ocean topography (DOT) to reveal the oceanic subpolar circulation and possible pathway of modified Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) in the Indian Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean. Satellite radar altimeter data sets were employed to develop monthly DOT in both open water and ice‐covered areas throughout the course of a year. A 0.2° × 0.2° gridded DOT was reconstructed for investigation of the oceanic structure at fine scale. The reconstructed DOT exhibited a “cyclonic eddy train” consisting of the Vincennes eddy, Poinsett eddy, and Sabrina eddies. The relationship between the depth of each eddy and the wind curl showed negative correlations for the Vincennes eddy and Sabrina eddies during wintertime only. Therefore, winds are not the main drivers of the eddies. A hydrographic section in 2017 clearly revealed the vertical structure of the Vincennes eddy. The absolute velocity estimated by the DOT and in situ geostrophic velocity showed equatorward Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) transport at 6–8 cm s−1 on the western side and poleward transport of CDW at 3–4 cm s−1 on the eastern side of the Vincennes eddy. The net transports of the AABW and CDW layers in the Vincennes eddy were 0.6 ± 0.4 Sv (equatorward) and 0.5 ± 0.36 Sv (poleward), respectively. The order of magnitude of the AABW current speed was confirmed by in situ mooring data. The vertical profiles of absolute velocity suggest the possibility of estimating CDW transport using a satellite altimeter.
Ganymede, Then and Now: How Past Eccentricity May Have Altered Tidally Driven Coulomb Failure
Authors: Cameron Marissa E. , Smith‐Konter Bridget R. , Collins Geoffrey C. , Patthoff Donald A. , Pappalardo Robert T.
Published: May 2020

Laplace‐like resonances among Ganymede, Europa, and Io may have once led Ganymede to have an eccentricity (presently e = 0.0013) as high as ~0.07 (Showman & Malhotra, 1997, https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.1996.5669). While diurnal stresses at Ganymede today are small (less than 10 kPa), a previous period of higher eccentricity may have allowed for an order of magnitude increase in the diurnal tidal stresses that could drive fault initiation and result in a past period of active tectonism. To investigate the role of tidal stresses on faulting, we use the numerical model SatStress (Wahr et al., 2009, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2008.11.002) to calculate diurnal tidal stresses on Ganymede's surface assuming e = 0.05, representative of a more eccentric orbit in Ganymede's past. We resolve normal and shear stresses onto discrete mapped fault segments and assess Coulomb failure criteria along three inferred shear zones on Ganymede's surface: Dardanus Sulcus, Tiamat Sulcus, and Nun Sulci. While Coulomb failure is not expected from diurnal stressing at any of the three shear zones for a diurnal model of present‐day (low) eccentricity, we do predict Coulomb failure for a past, high eccentricity case, in isolated diurnal slip windows and limited to very shallow depths (~100 to 250 m). In these cases, this model may provide an alternative to invoking additional stresses such as nonsynchronous rotation or true polar wander, as in previous studies (Cameron et al., 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2018.09.002). Additionally, this model is in general agreement with the sense of inferred shear from imagery and structural mapping.
Chlorine Release From Common Chlorides by Martian Dust Activity
Authors: Wang Alian , Yan Yuanchao , Jolliff Bradley L. , McLennan Scott M. , Wang Kun , Shi Erbin , Farrell William M.
Published: May 2020

Chlorine is one of the highly mobile elements that participated in early aqueous chemistry and later alteration in Mars history. Our new experimental results suggest that chlorine could cycle on present‐day Mars between the atmosphere and surface, driven by multiphase redox plasma chemistry induced by current Martian dust activity (dust storms, dust devils, and grain saltation). We present two sets of experimental results that demonstrate the instantaneous release of chlorine from seven common chlorides during a medium strength electrostatic discharge (ESD) process that induced plasma chemistry in a Mars environmental chamber. Results include (1) the direct detection of a plasma emission line at 837.8 nm of the first excited state of the Cl atom (Cl‐I) by in situ plasma spectroscopy during the ESD process for MgCl2, FeCl2, and AlCl3 and (2) the characterization of Cl‐bearing phases in the films deposited on the upper electrode after 7 hr of ESD exposure on each of seven chlorides (NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, FeCl2, AlCl3, and FeCl3), using Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This study is part of a series of laboratory investigations on the Martian atmosphere and surface interaction induced by electrochemistry.
Presentation and Evaluation of the IPSL‐CM6A‐LR Climate Model
Authors: Boucher Olivier , Servonnat Jérôme , Albright Anna Lea , Aumont Olivier , Balkanski Yves , Bastrikov Vladislav , Bekki Slimane , Bonnet Rémy , Bony Sandrine , Bopp Laurent , Braconnot Pascale , Brockmann Patrick , Cadule Patricia , Caubel Arnaud , Cheruy Frederique , Codron Francis , Cozic Anne , Cugnet David , D'Andrea Fabio , Davini Paolo , de Lavergne Casimir , Denvil Sébastien , Deshayes Julie , Devilliers Marion , Ducharne Agnes , Dufresne Jean‐Louis , Dupont Eliott , Éthé Christian , Fairhead Laurent , Falletti Lola , Flavoni Simona , Foujols Marie‐Alice , Gardoll Sébastien , Gastineau Guillaume , Ghattas Josefine , Grandpeix Jean‐Yves , Guenet Bertrand , Guez Lionel, E. , Guilyardi Eric , Guimberteau Matthieu , Hauglustaine Didier , Hourdin Frédéric , Idelkadi Abderrahmane , Joussaume Sylvie , Kageyama Masa , Khodri Myriam , Krinner Gerhard , Lebas Nicolas , Levavasseur Guillaume , Lévy Claire , Li Laurent , Lott François , Lurton Thibaut , Luyssaert Sebastiaan , Madec Gurvan , Madeleine Jean‐Baptiste , Maignan Fabienne , Marchand Marion , Marti Olivier , Mellul Lidia , Meurdesoif Yann , Mignot Juliette , Musat Ionela , Ottlé Catherine , Peylin Philippe , Planton Yann , Polcher Jan , Rio Catherine , Rochetin Nicolas , Rousset Clément , Sepulchre Pierre , Sima Adriana , Swingedouw Didier , Thiéblemont Rémi , Traore Abdoul Khadre , Vancoppenolle Martin , Vial Jessica , Vialard Jérôme , Viovy Nicolas , Vuichard Nicolas
Published: May 2020

This study presents the global climate model IPSL‐CM6A‐LR developed at Institut Pierre‐Simon Laplace (IPSL) to study natural climate variability and climate response to natural and anthropogenic forcings as part of the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). This article describes the different model components, their coupling, and the simulated climate in comparison to previous model versions. We focus here on the representation of the physical climate along with the main characteristics of the global carbon cycle. The model's climatology, as assessed from a range of metrics (related in particular to radiation, temperature, precipitation, and wind), is strongly improved in comparison to previous model versions. Although they are reduced, a number of known biases and shortcomings (e.g., double Intertropical Convergence Zone [ITCZ], frequency of midlatitude wintertime blockings, and El Niño–Southern Oscillation [ENSO] dynamics) persist. The equilibrium climate sensitivity and transient climate response have both increased from the previous climate model IPSL‐CM5A‐LR used in CMIP5. A large ensemble of more than 30 members for the historical period (1850–2018) and a smaller ensemble for a range of emissions scenarios (until 2100 and 2300) are also presented and discussed.
Geology and Chemistry Drive Animal Migration in the Serengeti
Authors: Kornei Katherine
Published: May 2020

Fieldwork in Tanzania suggests that soil chemistry—influenced by local volcanism and tectonic activity—might help dictate the record-setting migration of over a million wildebeests.
Long non-coding RNA Neat1 regulates adaptive behavioural response to stress in mice
Authors: Kukharsky Michail S. , Ninkina Natalia N. , An Haiyan , Telezhkin Vsevolod , Wei Wenbin , Meritens Camille Rabesahala de , Cooper-Knock Johnathan , Nakagawa Shinichi , Hirose Tetsuro , Buchman Vladimir L. , Shelkovnikova Tatyana A.
Published: May 2020

NEAT1 is a highly and ubiquitously expressed long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) which serves as an important regulator of cellular stress response. However, the physiological role of NEAT1 in the central nervous system (CNS) is still poorly understood. In the current study, we addressed this by characterising the CNS function of the Neat1 knockout mouse model (Neat1−/− mice), using a combination of behavioural phenotyping, electrophysiology and expression analysis. RNAscope® in situ hybridisation revealed that in wild-type mice, Neat1 is expressed across the CNS regions, with high expression in glial cells and low expression in neurons. Loss of Neat1 in mice results in an inadequate reaction to physiological stress manifested as hyperlocomotion and panic escape response. In addition, Neat1−/− mice display deficits in social interaction and rhythmic patterns of activity but retain normal motor function and memory. Neat1−/− mice do not present with neuronal loss, overt neuroinflammation or gross synaptic dysfunction in the brain. However, cultured Neat1−/− neurons are characterised by hyperexcitability and dysregulated calcium homoeostasis, and stress-induced neuronal activity is also augmented in Neat1−/− mice in vivo. Gene expression analysis showed that Neat1 may act as a weak positive regulator of multiple genes in the brain. Furthermore, loss of Neat1 affects alternative splicing of genes important for the CNS function and implicated in neurological diseases. Overall, our data suggest that Neat1 is involved in stress signalling in the brain and fine-tunes the CNS functions to enable adaptive behaviour in response to physiological stress.
Author Correction: Vulnerable window of yield strength for swelling-driven fracture of phase-transforming battery materials
Authors: Mesgarnejad Ataollah , Karma Alain
Published: May 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Research on the structural characteristics of a novel Chinese Iron Yam polysaccharide and its gastroprotection mechanism against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesion in a BALB/c mouse model
Authors: Guo Mingzhu , Yu Haifen , Meng Meng , Wang Chunling
Published: May 2020

The overall experimental design of this work to research the structural characteristics of a Chinese Iron Yam polysaccharide and its gastroprotection mechanism against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesion in a BALB/c mouse model was reported.
Effects of the apple matrix on the postprandial bioavailability of flavan-3-ols and nutrigenomic response of apple polyphenols in minipigs challenged with a high fat meal
Authors: Monfoulet Laurent-Emmanuel , Buffière Caroline , Istas Geoffrey , Dufour Claire , Le Bourvellec Carine , Mercier Sylvie , Bayle Dominique , Boby Céline , Remond Didier , Borel Patrick , Rodriguez-Mateos Ana , Milenkovic Dragan , Morand Christine
Published: May 2020

Food matrix interactions with polyphenols can affect their bioavailability and as a consequence may modulate their biological effects.
Study on the effect of regulation of Cordyceps militaris polypeptide on the immune function of mice based on a transcription factor regulatory network
Authors: Xu Guangyu , Yuan Guangxin , Lu Xuechun , An Liping , Sheng Yu , Du Peige
Published: May 2020

Cordyceps militaris polypeptide can regulate the immune function of mice through multiple genes and transcription factors.
The enzyme-induced formation of iron hybrid nanostructures with different morphologies
Authors: Benavente Rocio , Lopez-Tejedor David , del Puerto Morales Maria , Perez-Rizquez Carlos , Palomo Jose M.
Published: May 2020

The enzyme-assisted synthesis of different iron nanoparticles is demonstrated, controlling both the iron species and the morphologies of the particles.
Two-dimensional halide perovskites featuring semiconducting organic building blocks
Authors: Gao Yao , Wei Zitang , Hsu Sheng-Ning , Boudouris Bryan W. , Dou Letian
Published: May 2020

A timely review of recent exciting progress is provided regarding the molecular design, optical characterization, and device fabrications of novel 2D halide perovskite materials incorporating functional organic semiconducting building blocks.
Single-component and competitive adsorption of tetracycline and Zn(ii) on an NH4Cl-induced magnetic ultra-fine buckwheat peel powder biochar from water: studies on the kinetics, isotherms, and mechanism
Authors: Ai Tian , Jiang Xiaojun , Liu Qingyu , Lv Linlin , Dai Shujuan
Published: May 2020

Single-component and competitive adsorption of tetracycline (TC) and Zn(ii) on an NH4Cl-induced magnetic ultra-fine buckwheat peel powder biochar (NH4Cl-BHP-char/Fe3O4) was investigated in batch experiments.
Enhanced methane producing microbial electrolysis cells for wastewater treatment using poly(neutral red) and chitosan modified electrodes
Authors: Seelajaroen Hathaichanok , Spiess Sabine , Haberbauer Marianne , Hassel Melissa Maki , Aljabour Abdalaziz , Thallner Sophie , Guebitz Georg M. , Sariciftci Niyazi Serdar
Published: May 2020

Microbial electrolysis cells equipped with modified carbon felt electrodes showed enhanced long-term performance of organic degradation and CO2 conversion to CH4.
Excellent electronic conductivity, insolubility and rate characteristics of DAAP based on chemical bonding with carbon fiber felt
Authors: Peng Huiling , Chen Pingan , Yang Xu , Xue Zhihuan , Wang Shengping , Na Jongbeom , Yu Jingxian , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: May 2020

DAAP@C with stable amide bond (–CO–NH–) between carbon fibers and DAAP molecules has excellent electronic conductivity, insolubility and electrochemical performance. The fatal problems of small molecule carbonyl compounds were solved.
Decision Making by People With Aphasia: A Comparison of Linguistic and Nonlinguistic Measures
Authors: Kim Esther S. , Suleman Salima , Hopper Tammy
Published: May 2020

Purpose

Decision making involves multiple cognitive and linguistic processes. The extent to which these processes are involved depends, in part, on the conditions under which decision making is assessed. Because people with aphasia (PWA) have impaired language abilities and may also present with cognitive deficits, they may have difficulty during decision-making tasks. Yet little research exists on the decision-making abilities of PWA. Thus, the purposes of this study were to investigate the performance of PWA on linguistic and nonlinguistic decision-making measures and to explore the relationship between decision making and cognitive test performance.

Method

A quasi-experimental design was used to compare the performance of PWA (n= 16) and age- and education-matched control participants (n= 16) on three decision-making tasks: Making a Decision subtest from the Functional Assessment of Verbal Reasoning and Executive Strategies (linguistic decision-making task), Iowa Gambling Task (nonlinguistic decision-making task with ambiguity), and Game of Dice Task (nonlinguistic decision-making task without ambiguity). Participants also completed assessments of language, working memory, and executive functions. Scores on the three decision-making tasks were compared between groups, and cognitive influences on decision-making performance were examined using correlation analyses.

Results

PWA differed significantly from control participants on linguistic decision making, particularly when required to verbalize their rationale for making their decision. PWA and control participants did not differ significantly on measures of nonlinguistic decision making. Performance on multiple cognitive measures was correlated with performance on the linguistic reasoning task, as well as one of the nonlinguistic tasks (Game of Dice Task).

Conclusions

Decision-making tasks that are heavily dependent on language, such as those used in capacity assessments, may disadvantage PWA. Assessments of decision-making capacity should include communication supports for people with acquired communication disorders; further investigation in the areas of decision making and aphasia is needed.
Relationship Between Behavioral and Stimulus Frequency Otoacoustic Emissions Delay-Based Tuning Estimates
Authors: Wilson Uzma Shaheen , Browning-Kamins Jenna , Boothalingam Sriram , Moleti Arturo , Sisto Renata , Dhar Sumitrajit
Published: May 2020

Purpose

The phase delay of stimulus frequency otoacoustic emissions (SFOAEs) has been proposed as a noninvasive, objective, and fast source for estimating cochlear mechanical tuning. However, the implementation of SFOAEs clinically has been thwarted by the gaps in understanding of the stability of SFOAE delay-based tuning estimates and their relationship to behavioral measures of tuning. Therefore, the goals of this study were (a) to investigate the relationship between delay-based tuning estimates from SFOAEs and simultaneously masked psychophysical tuning curves (PTCs) and (b) to assess the across- and within-session repeatability of tuning estimates from behavioral and OAE measures.

Method

Three sets of behavioral and OAE measurements were collected in 24 normal-hearing, young adults for two probe frequencies, 1 and 4 kHz. For each participant, delay-based tuning estimates were derived from the phase gradient of SFOAEs. SFOAE-based and behavioral estimates of tuning obtained using the fast-swept PTC paradigm were compared within and across sessions.

Results

In general, tuning estimates were sharper at 4 kHz compared to 1 kHz for both PTCs and SFOAEs. Statistical analyses revealed a significant correlation between SFOAE delay-based tuning and PTCs at 4 kHz, but not 1 kHz. Lastly, SFOAE delay-based tuning estimates showed better intra- and intersession repeatability compared to PTCs.

Conclusions

SFOAE phase-gradient delays reflect aspects of cochlear mechanical tuning, in that a frequency dependence similar to that of basilar membrane tuning was observed. Furthermore, the significant correlation with PTCs at 4 kHz and the high repeatability of SFOAE-based tuning measures offer promise of an objective, nonbehavioral assay of tuning in human ears.
Interstellar glycolamide: A comprehensive rotational study and an astronomical search in Sgr B2(N)
Authors: Sanz-Novo M. , Belloche A. , Alonso J. L. , Kolesniková L. , Garrod R. T. , Mata S. , Müller H. S. P. , Menten K. M. , Gong Y.
Published: May 2020

Context. Glycolamide is a glycine isomer and also one of the simplest derivatives of acetamide (e.g., one hydrogen atom is replaced with a hydroxyl group), which is a known interstellar molecule.

Aims. In this context, the aim of our work is to provide direct experimental frequencies of the ground vibrational state of glycolamide in the centimeter-, millimeter- and submillimeter-wavelength regions in order to enable its identification in the interstellar medium.

Methods. We employed a battery of state-of-the-art rotational spectroscopic techniques in the frequency and time domain to measure the frequencies of glycolamide. We used the spectral line survey named Exploring Molecular Complexity with ALMA (EMoCA), which was performed toward the star forming region Sgr B2(N) with ALMA to search for glycolamide in space. We also searched for glycolamide toward Sgr B2(N) with the Effelsberg radio telescope. The astronomical spectra were analyzed under the local thermodynamic equilibrium approximation. We used the gas-grain chemical kinetics model MAGICKAL to interpret the results of the astronomical observations.

Results. About 1500 transitions have been newly assigned up to 460 GHz to the most stable conformer, and a precise set of spectroscopic constants was determined. Spectral features of glycolamide were then searched for in the prominent hot molecular core Sgr B2(N2). We report the nondetection of glycolamide toward this source with an abundance at least six and five times lower than that of acetamide and glycolaldehyde, respectively. Our astrochemical model suggests that glycolamide may be present in this source at a level just below the upper limit, which was derived from the EMoCA survey. We could also not detect the molecule in the region’s extended molecular envelope, which was probed with the Effelsberg telescope. We find an upper limit to its column density that is similar to the column densities obtained earlier for acetamide and glycolaldehyde with the Green Bank Telescope.