bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
People’s perceptions on COVID-19 vaccination: an analysis of twitter discourse from four countries
Authors: Verma Manah , Moudgil Nikhil , Goel Gaurav , Pardeshi Peehu , Joseph Jacquleen , Kumar Neeraj , Singh Kulbir , Singh Hari , Kodali Prakash Babu
Published: August 2023

More than six and half million people have died as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic till Dec 2022. Vaccination is the most effective means to prevent mortality and infection attributed to COVID-19. Identifying public attitudes and perceptions on COVID-19 vaccination is essential to strengthening the vaccination programmes. This study aims to identify attitudes and perceptions of twitter users towards COVID-19 vaccinations in four different countries. A sentiment analysis of 663,377 tweets from October 2020 to September 2022 from four different countries (i.e., India, South Africa, UK, and Australia) was conducted. Text mining using roBERTA (Robustly Optimized Bert Pretraining approach) python library was used to identify the polarity of people’s attitude as "negative", "positive" or "neutral" based on tweets. A sample of 2000 tweets (500 from each country) were thematically analysed to explore the people’s perception concerning COVID-19 vaccines across the countries. The attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines varied by countries. Negative attitudes were observed to be highest in India (58.48%), followed by United Kingdom (33.22%), Australia (31.42%) and South Africa (28.88%). Positive attitudes towards vaccines were highest in the United Kingdom (21.09%). The qualitative analysis yielded eight themes namely (i) vaccine shortages, (ii) vaccine side-effects, (iii) distrust on COVID-19 vaccines, (iv) voices for vaccine equity, (v) awareness about vaccines, (vi) myth busters, (vii) vaccines work and (viii) vaccines are safe. The twitter discourse reflected the evolving situation of COVID-19 pandemic and vaccination strategies, lacunae and positives in the respective countries studied.
Characterization of site-specific N-glycosylation signatures of isolated uromodulin from human urine
Authors: Lin Tianhai , Chen Zhuo , Luo Mengqi , Zhao Yang , Zeng Wenjuan , Zheng Shanshan , Su Tao , Zhong Yi , Wang Shisheng , Jin Youmei , Hu Liqiang , Zhao Wanjun , Li Jiaxu , Wang Xuanyi , Wu Changwei , Li Dapeng , Liu Fang , Li Guisen , Yang Hao , Zhang Yong
Published: August 2023

Uromodulin (Umod, Tamm–Horsfall protein) is the most abundant urinary N-glycoprotein produced exclusively by the kidney.
Aptamer-functionalized two-photon SiO2@GQDs hybrid-based signal amplification strategy for targeted cancer imaging
Authors: Yan Huijuan , Yang Shuo , Liu Mengxue , Bao Ke , Ren Wu , Lin Fei , Gao Yiqiao , Wang Zhenghui , Liu Shuanghui , Lv Jieli , Zhao Ying
Published: August 2023

A versatile strategy has been employed to fabricate an aptamer Sgc8c-functionalized hybrid as a proof-of-concept of the signal amplification strategy for targeted cancer imaging.
Boosting the ammonia synthesis activity of ceria-supported Ru catalysts achieved through trace Pr addition
Authors: Li Chunyan , Zhang Zecheng , Zhou Lingyun , Fang Biyun , Ni Jun , Lin Jianxin , Lin Bingyu , Jiang Lilong
Published: August 2023

The amount of dopant used in conventional cases for improving catalytic performance is higher than 5%.
Donor–acceptor complex formation by social self-sorting of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and perylene bisimides
Authors: Soldner Simon , Anhalt Olga , Sárosi Menyhárt B. , Stolte Matthias , Würthner Frank
Published: August 2023

Perylene bisimides equipped with bulky imide substituents self-assemble into orthogonally stacked dimers or bind up to two aromatic guests. These complexes were confirmed by single crystal X-ray analysis and their optical properties were elucidated.
A nanowire-assembled Co3S4/Cu2S@carbon binary metal sulfide hybrid as a sodium-ion battery anode displaying high capacity and recoverable rate-performance
Authors: Liu Jinyun , Huang Xiaofei , Wang Rui , Han Tianli , Zhang Huigang
Published: August 2023

A binary metal sulfide hybrid consisting of nanowire-assembled and polypyrrole-coated Co3S4/Cu2S after carbon coating is developed as a Na-ion battery anode, displaying a good performance.
Halogen bonding in chloroiodates(iii)
Authors: Korobeynikov Nikita A. , Usoltsev Andrey N. , Sokolov Maxim N. , Novikov Alexander S. , Sukhikh Taisiya S. , Adonin Sergey A.
Published: August 2023

Oxidation of iodides of organic cations by dichlorine in aqueous HCl results in salts of tetrachloroiodate(iii) [ICl4]−.
Substitution position regulating the excitation-dependent fluorescence–phosphorescence emission of formylphenylboronic acids for single-component white light and anticounterfeiting
Authors: Li Guoyan , Yang Xiaofeng , Miao Jinling , Cui Yu , Sun Guoxin , Li Yexin
Published: August 2023

The substitution position has a drastic role in the room-temperature phosphorescence performance of three formylphenylboronic acid isomers, which further affects the excitation-dependent fluorescence–phosphorescence (ExDFPh) dual emission behavior.
One-dimensional infinite chain Ag(i) complex with high quantum yield and TADF property: prepared by metal ion adjustment
Authors: Sun Zhen-Zhou , Hu Fu-Zhen , Gao Cheng-Jie , Mou Wen-Long , Wang Guo , Zhu Ning , Pan Xun , Li Zhong-Feng , Han Hong-Liang , Fu Hongbing , Xin Xiu-Lan , Dai Lixiong , Jin Qiong-Hua , Qiu Qi-Ming
Published: August 2023

The complex AgDpq exhibits excellent photophysical properties and TADF characteristics than Cu(i) complex, which is related to the unique one-dimensional infinite chain structure and the smaller contribution of metal to the excited states.
An Fe·MOF–Mo·POM hybrid material: a novel and efficient catalyst for selective benzyl alcohol oxidation to benzaldehyde
Authors: Mohammadikish Maryam , Panahi Mahsa
Published: August 2023

Designing and synthesis of an efficient catalyst for the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol (BzOH) to benzaldehyde (BzCHO) is a significant method in green chemistry and catalysis.
Effects of solvent vapor annealing on the optical properties and surface adhesion of conjugated D : A thin films
Authors: Casagrande Tainã Reges , Júnior Juscelino Valter Barbosas , Desordi Jaqueline Cristine , da Cunha Mariana Richelle Pereira , Gavim Anderson Emanuel Ximim , Vidal Luciano Nassif , Rodrigues Paula Cristina , Coondoo Indrani , Coutinho Douglas J. , Faria Roberto Mendonça , Macedo Andreia Gerniski
Published: August 2023

Absorbance band in 580 nm arises from a pair of transitions starting in the copolymer and ending in PDI-DPP-PDI (stacked distance at about 3 Å), higher adhesion and fractal dimension of ∼1 have been observed in SVA-treated films.
Structural, mechanical, electronic and optical properties of biphenylene hydrogenation: a first-principles study
Authors: Chen Kai , Zhou Jian , Zhao Wuyan , Yang Riyi , Qiao Chong , Su Wan-Sheng , Zheng Yuxiang , Zhang Rongjun , Chen Liangyao , Wang Songyou
Published: August 2023

Biphenylene networks typically exhibit a metallic electronic nature, while hydrogenation can open the band gap changing it to a semiconductor.
Hematite photoanodes for water splitting from directed assembly of Prussian blue onto CuO–Sb2O5–SnO2 ceramics
Authors: Bondarchuk Alexander N. , Marken Frank
Published: August 2023

We report the controlled layer-by-layer growth by the directed assembly of Prussian blue to form (via thermolysis) a functional hematite coating on the grain surfaces of porous CuO–Sb2O5–SnO2 ceramics.
Impact of the degradation leachate of the polyacrylonitrile-based material UP2W on the retention of Ni(ii), Eu(iii) and Pu(iv) by cement
Authors: Szabo P. G. , Tasi A. G. , Gaona X. , Maier A. C. , Hedström S. , Altmaier M. , Geckeis H.
Published: August 2023

Impact of UP2W degradation leachate on the retention of key radionuclides by cement, i.e. Ni(ii), Eu(iii) and Pu(iv). Investigation of close-to-real systems in addition to the use of proxy ligands.
Thiacalix[4]arene-protected alkynyl Agn (n = 9, 18) nanoclusters: syntheses, structural characterizations, photocurrent responses and fluorescence properties
Authors: Xie Wen-Xuan , Xue Chun-Hui , Liu Meng , Zhou Kun , Gu Hui-Hao , Ji Jiu-Yu , Chen Bao-Kuan , Liu Na , Bi Yan-Feng
Published: August 2023

Ag9 and Ag18 were obtained, characterized, and studied for photocurrent responses and fluorescence properties, providing a guide for controlled synthesis and studying the structure-activity relationship of calixarene-protected alkynyl Ag clusters.
Phosphine substitution and linkage isomerization in cyclopentadienylruthenium bis(triphenylphosphine)thiocyanide and selenocyanide, CpRu(PPh3)2NCS and CpRu(PPh3)2SeCN
Authors: Dang Duy-Khoi , Cehreli Damla , Rich Benjamin S. , Haas Terry E. , Fronczek Frank R. , Kirss Rein U.
Published: August 2023

The reaction between CpRu(PPh3)2NCS (1a) and PMePh2 yields CpRu(PPh3)(PMePh2)NCS (2a) while CpRu(PPh3)(PMePh2)Cl reacts with SCN− to form the S-bonded isomer, CpRu(PPh3)(PMePh2)SCN (2b).
Room-temperature chemiresistive ammonia sensors based on 2D MXenes and their hybrids: recent developments and future prospects
Authors: Atkare Sayali , Kaushik Som Datta , Jagtap Shweta , Rout Chandra Sekhar
Published: August 2023

This article offers a thorough overview of current advancements, potential applications and future improvement approaches for room-temperature ammonia sensors based on 2D MXene-based gas sensing technology.
Simultaneous detection of trace As, Hg, Tl, and Pb in biological tissues using monochromatic excitation X-ray fluorescence spectrometry
Authors: Wu Shihao , Dong Linpei , Ji Jiahua , Zhao Peng , Song Ge , Wu Xiaojun , Wang Jifen , Zhang Yunfeng , Wang Jingjing
Published: August 2023

Monochromatic excitation X-ray fluorescence (ME-XRF) spectrometry is an emerging technique for elemental analysis with many potential forensic applications.
Nitrogen-rich triphenylamine-based porous organic polyaminals for the adsorption/separation of C1–C3 light hydrocarbons and efficient iodine capture
Authors: Liu Qiuyue , Jiang Lingmei , Liu Jianhua , Wei Luhong , Zhang Jian , Yuan Kuanyu
Published: August 2023

Covalent cross-linked porous organic polymers (POPs) have shown great potential in adsorption and separation fields owing to their high surface areas, easy functionalization, and porous design using synthetic strategies.
Counterintuitive noncovalent interactions of ammonia with the all metal ring of cyclic trinuclear Ag(i) clusters: a DFT study
Authors: Tsipis Athanassios C.
Published: August 2023

DFT calculations reveal a novel and unexpected type of quite strong noncovalent interaction between NH3 and silver(i) metallic clusters.
Metal-free thiolation of sulfonyl hydrazone with thiophenol: synthesis of 4-thio-chroman and diarylmethyl thioethers
Authors: Ali Kasim , Chatterjee Indranil , Panda Gautam
Published: August 2023

A practical synthesis of 4-thio-chroman and diarylmethyl thioethers is described through a metal-free approach.
Word Reading: The Role of the Speech-Language Pathologist
Authors: Colenbrander Danielle , Kohnen Saskia
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

Written and spoken language abilities are closely connected, and speech-language pathologists (SLPs) can play important roles in the development of children's word reading. However, SLPs may have less knowledge about word reading assessment and intervention than they do about oral language. Therefore, in this tutorial, we describe the skills required for successful word reading and outline evidence-based approaches to word reading assessment and intervention within a response to intervention (RTI) framework, with a focus on the role of the SLP.

Conclusions:

Written language abilities clearly fall within an SLP's scope of practice. SLPs can be involved in collaborative teams working together to design word reading instruction, intervention, and assessment. They can also be directly involved in word reading intervention and assessment with children on their caseload. Consequently, knowledge about word reading development, assessment, and intervention can enable an SLP to take advantage of the reciprocal connections between written and spoken language, in order to help achieve the best outcomes for their clients.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24001953
A three-component giant radio halo: The puzzling case of the galaxy cluster Abell 2142
Authors: Bruno L. , Botteon A. , Shimwell T. , Cuciti V. , de Gasperin F. , Brunetti G. , Dallacasa D. , Gastaldello F. , Rossetti M. , van Weeren R. J. , Venturi T. , Russo S. A. , Taffoni G. , Cassano R. , Biava N. , Lusetti G. , Bonafede A. , Ghizzardi S. , De Grandi S.
Published: August 2023

Context.Turbulence introduced into the intracluster medium (ICM) through cluster-merger events transfers energy to non-thermal components, and can trigger the formation of diffuse synchrotron radio sources. Typical diffuse sources in the form of giant radio halos and mini-halos are found in merging and relaxed cool-core galaxy clusters, respectively. On the other hand, recent observations reveal an increasing complexity to the non-thermal phenomenology.

Aims.Abell 2142 (A2142) is a mildly disturbed cluster that exhibits uncommon thermal and non-thermal properties. It is known to host a hybrid halo consisting of two components (H1 and H2), namely a mini-halo-like and an enigmatic elongated radio halo-like structure. We aim to investigate the properties, origin, and connections of each component.

Methods.We present deep LOFAR observations of A2142 in the frequency ranges 30–78 MHz and 120 − 168 MHz. With complementary multi-frequency radio and X-ray data, we analysed the radio spectral properties of the halo and assessed the connection between the non-thermal and thermal components of the ICM.

Results.We detect a third radio component (H3), which extends over the cluster volume on scales of ∼2 Mpc, embeds H1 and H2, and has a morphology that roughly follows the thermal ICM distribution. The radio spectral index is moderately steep in H1 (α = 1.09 ± 0.02) and H2 (α = 1.15 ± 0.02), but is steeper (α = 1.57 ± 0.20) in H3. Our analysis of the thermal and non-thermal properties allowed us to discuss possible formation scenarios for each radio component. Turbulence from sloshing motions of low-entropy gas on different scales may be responsible for the origin of H1 and H2. We classified H3 as a giant ultrasteep spectrum radio halo, and find that it may trace the residual activity from an old energetic merger and/or inefficient turbulent reacceleration induced by ongoing minor mergers.
Fundierte Orientierung für den psychosozialen Bereich – AOTA-Leitlinie: Menschen mit schweren psychischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Kranz Florence
Published: August 2023

Die American Association of Occupational Therapy (AOTA) veröffentlichte im Jahr 2019 eine aktualisierte Leitlinie zur ergotherapeutischen Behandlung von Erwachsenen mit schweren psychischen Erkrankungen. Florence Kranz hat einige der darin enthaltenen Empfehlungen zusammengefasst.
Meniskustests – „Verbunden werden auch die Schwachen mächtig“
Authors: Haupt-Bertschy Bettina , Maurer Jonas , Müller Thorsten
Published: August 2023

Um herauszufinden, ob ein Patient an einer Meniskusverletzung leidet, kommen in der Praxis verschiedene spezifische Tests wie der McMurray, Apley und Thessaly zum Einsatz. Einzeln können diese eine Meniskusläsion zwar nicht sicher erkennen, doch in Kombination sind die Tests eine gute Ergänzung zum MRT und zur Arthroskopie.
The chaotic milling behaviors of interacting swarms after collision
Authors: Kamimoto Sayomi , Hindes Jason , Schwartz Ira B.
Published: August 2023

We consider the problem of characterizing the dynamics of interacting swarms after they collide and form a stationary center of mass. Modeling efforts have shown that the collision of near head-on interacting swarms can produce a variety of post-collision dynamics including coherent milling, coherent flocking, and scattering behaviors. In particular, recent analysis of the transient dynamics of two colliding swarms has revealed the existence of a critical transition whereby the collision results in a combined milling state about a stationary center of mass. In the present work, we show that the collision dynamics of two swarms that form a milling state transitions from periodic to chaotic motion as a function of the repulsive force strength and its length scale. We used two existing methods as well as one new technique: Karhunen–Loeve decomposition to show the effective modal dimension chaos lives in, the 0-1 test to identify chaos, and then constrained correlation embedding to show how each swarm is embedded in the other when both swarms combine to form a single milling state after collision. We expect our analysis to impact new swarm experiments which examine the interaction of multiple swarms.
Effects of the wildfires in August 2021 on the air quality of Athens through a numerical simulation
Authors: Osswald Tobias , Gama Carla , Fernandes Ana Patrícia , Lopes Diogo , Varela Vassiliki , Miranda Ana Isabel
Published: August 2023

Background Air quality deteriorates significantly during wildfire events, which poses a risk for the health of affected human populations. The Mediterranean Basin was strongly impacted by wildfires during the 2021 fire season, particularly in Greece. Aims This work aims at estimating the impact of the Greek wildfires of August 2021 on the air quality in Athens. Methods The numerical modelling system WRF-APIFLAME-CHIMERE, which comprises a meteorological model, a smoke emissions model and a chemical transport model, was employed in estimating the hourly three-dimensional distribution of particulate matter (PM), CO and O3 concentrations during the wildfires. The performance of the modelling system was evaluated by comparing modelled results with air quality observations and atmospheric optical depth measurements. Key results Good agreement between measured data and model results was found, with results obtained with a higher-resolution computational grid performing the best. Conclusions The calculated values indicate concerning hourly and daily levels of air pollution, above the limit values for human health protection, during the analysed days within and around Athens. Implications The results highlight the importance of implementing a strategy for human health protection during wildfire events affecting populated areas. This modelling approach could be a basis for a smoke forecasting system.
The groundwork of Putin’s war
Authors: Mennecke Olga
Published: August 2023

Every ideology aims at constructing specific representations of reality that many people can easily adopt. In this paper, mental models described as cognitive representations of reality are used to explain how people come to their beliefs. Applying Johnson-Laird’s theoretical concept, I present mental models reconstructed by means of a qualitative analysis of key lexemes in the Crimean speech of Vladimir Putin held in 2014. This reconstruction reveals how the mental models in question target a shared social cognition among listeners using ideologically loaded references articulated in the speech. Furthermore, tracing ideological references allows a preliminary insight into how the speaker aims to affect the discourse formation process of the time. This reconstruction is indispensable to gain a better understanding of the Russian attack on Ukraine, eight years later.
Staging a tomatoscape
Authors: Thurlow Crispin
Published: August 2023

A strategic, often spectacular intersection of semiosis and spatiality, place branding should be an obvious topic
for linguistic landscape research. Isolated studies which do attend to branding seem insufficiently concerned with its conceptual
and metasemiotic complexity. Part visual essay, my paper examines the small Spanish town of Miajadas which, in a performative act
of scale-jumping, declares itself Tomato Capital of Europe. Drawing on fieldwork, and using a three-part analytic
framework, I document the range of semiotic and sociomaterial tactics by which Miajadas stages itself as a ‘tomatoscape’. Through
its mediatization, mediation, and remediation the town maximizes its location
in the global economic order. This case study underscores how place branding is a highly contingent mode of semiotic reflexivity
which is seldom discrete or unilateral, but which can be highly effective.
DCX-EMAP is a core organizer for the ultrastructure of Drosophila mechanosensory organelles
Authors: Song Xuewei , Cui Lihong , Wu Menghua , Wang Shan , Song Yinlong , Liu Zhen , Xue Zhaoyu , Chen Wei , Zhang Yingjie , Li Hui , Sun Landi , Liang Xin
Published: August 2023

Mechanoreceptor cells develop specialized mechanosensory organelles (MOs), where force-sensitive channels and supporting structures are organized in an orderly manner to detect forces. It is intriguing how MOs are formed. Here, we address this issue by studying the MOs of fly ciliated mechanoreceptors. We show that the main structure of the MOs is a compound cytoskeleton formed of short microtubules and electron-dense materials (EDMs). In a knock-out mutant of DCX-EMAP, this cytoskeleton is nearly absent, suggesting that DCX-EMAP is required for the formation of the MOs and in turn fly mechanotransduction. Further analysis reveals that DCX-EMAP expresses in fly ciliated mechanoreceptors and localizes to the MOs. Moreover, it plays dual roles by promoting the assembly/stabilization of the microtubules and the accumulation of the EDMs in the MOs. Therefore, DCX-EMAP serves as a core ultrastructural organizer of the MOs, and this finding provides novel molecular insights as to how fly MOs are formed.
MRCK activates mouse oocyte myosin II for spindle rotation and male pronucleus centration
Authors: Bourdais Anne , Dehapiot Benoit , Halet Guillaume
Published: August 2023

Asymmetric meiotic divisions in oocytes rely on spindle positioning in close vicinity to the cortex. In metaphase II mouse oocytes, eccentric spindle positioning triggers cortical polarization, including the build-up of an actin cap surrounded by a ring of activated myosin II. While the role of the actin cap in promoting polar body formation is established, ring myosin II activation mechanisms and functions have remained elusive. Here, we show that ring myosin II activation requires myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Cdc42-binding kinase (MRCK), downstream of polarized Cdc42. MRCK inhibition resulted in spindle rotation defects during anaphase II, precluding polar body extrusion. Remarkably, disengagement of segregated chromatids from the anaphase spindle could rescue rotation. We further show that the MRCK/myosin II pathway is activated in the fertilization cone and is required for male pronucleus migration toward the center of the zygote. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanism of myosin II activation in oocytes and its role in orchestrating asymmetric division and pronucleus centration.
Two-Dimensional Thermal Regulation Based on Non-Hermitian Skin Effect
Authors: Huang 黄 Qiang-Kai-Lai 强开来 , Liu 刘 Yun-Kai 云开 , Cao 曹 Pei-Chao 培超 , Zhu 祝 Xue-Feng 雪丰 , Li 李 Ying 鹰
Published: August 2023

The non-Hermitian skin effect has been applied in multiple fields. However, there are relatively few models in the field of thermal diffusion that utilize the non-Hermitian skin effect for achieving thermal regulation. Here, we propose two non-Hermitian Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) models for thermal regulation: one capable of achieving edge states, and the other capable of achieving corner states within the thermal field. By analyzing the energy band structures and the generalized Brillouin zone, we predict the appearance of the non-Hermitian skin effect in these two models. Furthermore, we analyze the time-dependent evolution results and assess the robustness of the models. The results indicate that the localized thermal effects of the models align with our predictions. In a word, this work presents two models based on the non-Hermitian skin effect for regulating the thermal field, injecting vitality into the design of non-Hermitian thermal diffusion systems.
Potential energy curves of molecular nitrogen up to N 24+
Authors: Hadjipittas A , Emmanouilidou A
Published: August 2023

The potential energy curves for molecular ions up to N

2

4
+

are calculated in an ab initio manner using the multi configurational self-consistent field method. Specifically, we implement in an automatic way a previously used double loop optimisation scheme within the multi configurational self-consisted field method. We obtain the potential energy curves up to N

2

4
+

ions with any combination of core, inner valence, and outer valence holes. Finally, we provide the code used to generate these potential energy curves.
Anomalous Hall effect of van der Waals metallic antiferromagnetic V5Se8
Authors: Wang Shasha , Zhang Ying , Ma Xiang , Zhang Jian , Zheng Bo , Feng Yan , Li Ruimin , Huang Meng , Zhang Shunhong , Lu Yalin , Xiang Bin
Published: August 2023

Two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials have developed rapidly in recent years, which exhibited a lot of novel and interesting properties, such as the topological Hall effect, magnetic skyrmions and charge density waves. Most hitherto known 2D antiferromagnetic materials are insulating, while 2D antiferromagnets with intrinsic metallicity are rarely reported. Hindered by such shortage, the electrical properties of the metallic 2D antiferromagnetic materials remain largely unexplored. Here we report high-quality synthesis and comprehensive characterization of a van der Waals antiferromagnetic metal, V5Se8, and observation of an anomalous Hall effect in magneto-transport measurements. The temperature dependence of longitudinal-resistance reveals a metallic behavior in the as-grown V5Se8 flakes. The transversal resistance measurements reveal a non-zero Hall resistance with two antisymmetric peaks, which is attributed to a non-zero Berry curvature. Our work demonstrates the novel property of 2D metallic antiferromagnetic material V5Se8 for the application of 2D spintronics.
Tailoring angle dependent ferroelectricity in nanoribbons of group-IV monochalcogenides
Authors: Yao Cheng-Jun , Xun Wei , Yu Miao , Hao Xiang , Zhong Jia-Lin , Gu Han , Wu Yin-Zhong
Published: August 2023

Ferroelectricity is significant in low dimensional structures due to the potential applications in multifunctional nanodevices. In this work, the tailoring angle dependent ferroelectricity is systematically investigated for the nanoribbons and nanowires of puckered group-IV monochalcogenides MX (M =

G
e
,
S
n

; X =

S
,
S
e

). Based on first-principles calculations, it is found that the ferroelectricity of nanoribbon and nanowire strongly depends on the tailoring angle. Firstly, the critical width for the bare nanoribbon of group-IV monochalcogenide is obtained and discussed. As the nanowires are concerned, the ferroelectricity will disappear when the tailoring angle becomes small. At last, H-passivation on the edge and the strain engineering are employed to improve the ferroelectricity of nanoribbon, and it is obtained that H-passivation is beneficial to the enhancement of polarization for nanoribbons tailored near the armchair direction, while the polarization of nanoribbons tailored along the diagonal direction will decrease when the edges are passivated with H atoms, and the tensile strain along the length direction always favors the improvement of ferroelectricity of the considered nanoribbons. Therefore, tailoring angle has great influence on the ferroelectricity of nanoribbons and nanowires, which may be used as an effective way to tune the ferroelectricity and further the electronic structures of nanostructures in the field of nanoelectronics.
High-order harmonics from elliptically polarized laser for classification of topological states in 2D Chern insulators and 2D topological insulators
Authors: Kim Dasol , Chacón Alexis , Kim Dong Eon
Published: August 2023

High-order harmonics (HH) have drawn attention in the field of condensed matter physics mainly because of the capability of light to encode structural, dynamical, and topological information. In this paper, we address the fundamental question whether HH can map topological information in two-dimensional (2D) quantum materials by studying the interaction between topological materials and an elliptically polarized laser. We use the Haldane model for topological Chern insulators (CIs) and the Kane–Mele model for topological insulators (TIs). In the case of a circularly polarized or nearly circularly polarized driving field in CIs and TIs, the harmonic intensity of the co-rotating orders is increased. This increase in topologically non-trivial materials implies that HH can be used to detect topological transitions in 2D CIs and TIs. Moreover, interference between two spin bands in TIs does not affect the elliptical dependence of co-rotating harmonic orders in the plateau region.
An analytical method for the meshing performance of deviation surface of spiral bevel gear based on a one-dimensional probe
Authors: Li Tianxing , Dai Zhen , Zhang Yang , Xia Xinbo , Yao Jian , Li Jubo , Wang Bin
Published: August 2023

The meshing performance is a significant indicator for evaluating the machining quality of spiral bevel gear. The flank contact accuracy (FCA) and flank geometric accuracy (FGA) are important aspects of meshing performance, and both are indispensable. In the actual production process, due to the lack of professional meshing performance analysis (MPA) software, the flank geometric structure cannot be reflected based on the FCA, and the actual meshing state cannot be reflected by the FGA, which cannot meet the manufacturing requirements of high-quality gear. Therefore, a MPA method for deviation surface of spiral bevel gear is proposed based on the gear measuring center using a one-dimensional probe. By constructing the deviation surface, the flank meshing model is established, and the meshing parameters are determined. Aiming at the complexity of solving the meshing model, a method for decreasing the dimension of the meshing equations is proposed by establishing the mathematical relationship between the rotation angle and the normal vector, which improves the solution accuracy of the meshing point. The intersection points of the adjacent transmission error curves are taken as the meshing in and out points, and then the actual position of the contact pattern is accurately determined. The instantaneous contact ellipse is obtained by using the method of a cylindrical surface intercepting the deviation surfaces, which not only simplifies the solution algorithm, but also obtains the contact pattern more in line with the actual situation. Finally, the transmission error and contact pattern are digitally characterized. The experimental results show that the digital and actual patterns have good consistency. Flank geometry and gear meshing are organically linked based on the proposed method, and the actual meshing state can be predicted according to the flank topology deviation, which provides important theoretical support for the improvement of the machining quality and meshing performance of the spiral bevel gear.
Numerical simulation along with the experimental work for an underdamped oscillator using fourth order Runge–Kutta method. An undergraduate experiment
Authors: Khan Kamran-ul-Haq , Masroor Suhaib
Published: August 2023

Experiments based on oscillatory motion are an essential part of the curricula for students of physics and engineering in their undergraduate studies, such as the determination of spring constant for a well-known classical oscillator i.e., spring-mass system. Moreover, it is important for students to understand the physics of damped oscillators because, in real-world scenarios, a system involving oscillations cannot be completely analysed without understanding conditions of damped oscillations i.e., underdamped, overdamped, and critical damped. In this work, we design a computational physics lab for the simulation of the underdamped oscillator using an Excel spreadsheet by employing 4th order Runge–Kutta method. Further, we construct a simple experimental setup to observe the damped oscillation and obtaindata for the underdamped system. Final analysis was based on comparison between the experimental data and the numerically estimated data.
Tri-directional x-ray phase contrast multimodal imaging using one hexagonal mesh modulator
Authors: Tao Siwei , Tian Zonghan , Bai Ling , Wang Wei , Xu Yueshu , Kuang Cuifang , Liu Xu
Published: August 2023

Objective. X-ray phase contrast imaging is a promising technique for future clinical diagnostic as it can provide enhanced contrast in soft tissues compared to traditional x-ray attenuation-contrast imaging. However, the strict requirements on the x-ray coherence and the precise alignment of optical elements limit its applications towards clinical use. To solve this problem, mesh-based x-ray phase contrast imaging method with one hexagonal mesh is proposed for easy alignment and better image visualization. Approach. The mesh produces structured illuminations and the detector captures its distortions to reconstruct the absorption, differential phase contrast (DPC) and dark-field (DF) images of the sample. In this work, we fabricated a hexagonal mesh to simultaneously retrieve DPC and DF signals in three different directions with single shot. A phase retrieval algorithm to obtain artifacts-free phase from DPC images with three different directions is put forward and false color dark-field image is also reconstructed with tri-directional images. Mesh-shifting method based on this hexagonal mesh modulator is also proposed to reconstruct images with better image quality at the expense of increased dose. Main results. In numerical simulations, the proposed hexagonal mesh outperforms the traditional square mesh in image evaluation metrics performance and false color visualization with the same radiation dose. The experimental results demonstrate its feasiblity in real imaging systems and its advantages in quantitive imaging and better visualization. The proposed hexagonal mesh is easy to fabricate and can be successfully applied to x-ray source with it spot size up to 300 μm. Significance. This work opens new possibilities for quantitative x-ray non-destructive imaging and may also be instructive for research fields such as x-ray structured illumination microscopy (SIM), x-ray spectral imaging and x-ray phase contrast and dark-field computed tomography (CT).
Smooth, homogeneous, high-purity Nb3Sn superconducting RF resonant cavity by seed-free electrochemical synthesis
Authors: Sun Zeming , Baraissov Zhaslan , Porter Ryan D , Shpani Liana , Shao Yu-Tsun , Oseroff Thomas , Thompson Michael O , Muller David A , Liepe Matthias U
Published: August 2023

Workbench-size particle accelerators, enabled by Nb3Sn-based superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities, hold the potential of driving scientific discovery by offering a widely accessible and affordable source of high-energy electrons and x-rays. Thin-film Nb3Sn RF superconductors with high quality factors, high operation temperatures, and high-field potentials are critical for these devices. However, surface roughness, non-stoichiometry, and impurities in Nb3Sn deposited by conventional Sn-vapor diffusion prevent them from reaching their theoretical capabilities. Here we demonstrate a seed-free electrochemical synthesis that pushes the limit of chemical and physical properties in Nb3Sn. Utilization of electrochemical Sn pre-deposits reduces the roughness of converted Nb3Sn by five times compared to typical vapor-diffused Nb3Sn. Quantitative mappings using chemical and atomic probes confirm improved stoichiometry and minimized impurity concentrations in electrochemically synthesized Nb3Sn. We have successfully applied this Nb3Sn to the large-scale 1.3 GHz SRF cavity and demonstrated ultra-low BCS surface resistances at multiple operation temperatures, notably lower than vapor-diffused cavities. Our smooth, homogeneous, high-purity Nb3Sn provides the route toward high efficiency and high fields for SRF applications under helium-free cryogenic operations.
Impact of back gate-drain overlap on DC and analog/HF performance of a ferroelectric negative capacitance double gate TFET
Authors: Pathakamuri Anil Kumar , Pandey Chandan Kumar
Published: August 2023

In this manuscript, we present a negative capacitance TFET with extended back gate-drain overlap (DEBG-NC-TFET) to enhance DC and analog/high frequency (HF) performance. TCAD-based simulations reveal that DEBG-NC-TFET offers a significant enhancement in ION and SS because of a Ferroelectric (FE) layer introduced into the gate-oxide layer of the device, without deteriorating its other parameters. This work examines the effects of various factors of NC including coercive electric field (Ec) and remnant polarization (Pr) on memory window (MW) to improve the read margin of the device. With an optimum thickness of FE layer, DEBG-NC-TFET is found to offer a huge reduction in the ambipolar current (Iamb) with unchanged IOFF and ION as compared with those of symmetric gate-drain overlap (DSYG) and conventional DG-NC-TFET. The vertical component of the field induced inside the drain region increases the layer of depleted charge at the channel-drain interface, which enhances the barrier width and restricts the charge carriers from tunneling at the ambipolar state. Furthermore, incorporating back gate-drain overlap into DG-NC-TFET resolves the trade-off between parasitic capacitances and ambipolarity as overall gate capacitance is found to be reduced for DEBG-NC-TFET. Apart from reduction in gate parasitic capacitance, various HF parameters like gain–bandwidth product (GBWP) and cutoff-frequency (fT) are also found to be improved for DEBG-NC-TFET as compared to DSYG-NC-TFET. Finally, a resistive load inverter analysis shows that various parameters like propagation delay, full swing, and peak over- and undershoots are significantly improved when only the back gate overlaps the drain region of DG-NC-TFET.
Predicting mortality risk after a fall in older adults using health care spending patterns: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Katsiferis Alexandros , Mortensen Laust Hvas , Khurana Mark P , Mishra Swapnil , Jensen Majken Karoline , Bhatt Samir
Published: August 2023

Objective

To develop a prognostic model of 1-year mortality for individuals aged 65+ presenting at the emergency department (ED) with a fall based on health care spending patterns to guide clinical decision-making.

Design

Population-based cohort study (n = 35,997) included with a fall in 2013 and followed 1 year.

Methods

Health care spending indicators (dynamical indicators of resilience, DIORs) 2 years before admission were evaluated as potential predictors, along with age, sex and other clinical and sociodemographic covariates. Multivariable logistic regression models were developed and internally validated (10-fold cross-validation). Performance was assessed via discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, AUC), Brier scores, calibration and decision curve analysis.

Results

The AUC of age and sex for mortality was 72.5% [95% confidence interval 71.8 to 73.2]. The best model included age, sex, number of medications and health care spending DIORs. It exhibited high discrimination (AUC: 81.1 [80.5 to 81.6]), good calibration and potential clinical benefit for various threshold probabilities. Overall, health care spending patterns improved predictive accuracy the most while also exhibiting superior performance and clinical benefit.

Conclusions

Patterns of health care spending have the potential to significantly improve assessments on who is at high risk of dying following admission to the ED with a fall. The proposed methodology can assist in predicting the prognosis of fallers, emphasising the added predictive value of longitudinal health-related information next to clinical and sociodemographic predictors.
Improving descriptive terminology using a descriptive algorithm as an educational intervention to improve referral accuracy
Authors: Middleton David W , Dolan Olivia
Published: August 2023

The accuracy of clinical communication in referrals to dermatology has not been fully explored. Baseline analysis of inpatient ward referral to a dermatology service revealed that only 37% of referrals used accurate descriptive terminology. Theme analysis of individual descriptive terms used was performed to assess knowledge deficits and develop a novel intervention to improve descriptive accuracy. A descriptive algorithm was developed to act as a scaffolding resource for the use of descriptive terms. The Belfast Dermatology Descriptive Algorithm was developed as a tool to determine primary and secondary morphological features of eruptions, and to highlight common clinical pitfalls. It was designed to adhere to principles of adult learning. Assessment was completed following the introduction of the algorithm. The accuracy of descriptions used was increased to 70% with the introduction of the resource. This outcome reflects how educational interventions, in the format of an accessible resource tool, can be used as a unique intervention to improve education in clinical practice.
Glomovenous malformation secondary to a heterozygous nonsense variant in GLMN: a clinical mimicker of blue rubber bleb naevus syndrome
Authors: Ramessur Ravi , Fadhli Tamara , Tripathi Bharati , Sandhu Daisy , Batta Kapila
Published: August 2023

We present a case of multiple familial cutaneous venous malformations secondary to glomovenous malformation. This case illustrates the importance of considering alternative diagnoses, obtaining histology from venous lesions and genetic testing to help guide optimal management in cases of familial multiple cutaneous venous malformations.
147. CHARACTERISTICS AND PREDICTORS OF EARLY POSTOPERATIVE RECURRENCE OF ESOPHAGEAL CANCER
Authors: Sato Shinsuke , Nagai Erina , Taki Yusuke , Nishida Masato , Watanabe Masaya , Oba Noriyuki
Published: August 2023

Background

Recurrence after radical esophageal cancer surgery is known to occur in 30–50% of cases, mostly within 2 years after surgery. This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of patients with early recurrence within 6 months after esophageal cancer surgery and the risk factors for early recurrence.

Methods

A total of 350 patients who underwent esophagectomy between January 2011 and August 2021 were included in this study. Patient background factors were compared among three groups: the early recurrence group with recurrence within 6 months after surgery, the late recurrence group with recurrence after 6 months after surgery, and the recurrence-free group. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between various predictors and early postoperative recurrence.

Results

Postoperative recurrence occurred in 141 patients (40.1%). Recurrence within 6 months after surgery occurred in 65 patients, and recurrence after 6 months in 76 patients. The proportion of advanced clinical stage increased in patients with early postoperative recurrence. Significant differences between the three groups were found for CRP, SCC, Neutrophil, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio. Prognostic nutrition index、advanced lung cancer inflammation (BMI × Alb/NLR) were significantly less in patients with early postoperative recurrence. Multivariate analysis showed that clinical stage, pathological lymph node metastasis, and NLR were independent prognostic factors for early postoperative recurrence.

Conclusions

Preoperative NLR may be a valuable early postoperative recurrence factor for patients with esophageal cancer undergoing esophagectomy.
153. PROPENSITY MATCHING ANALYSIS OF NEOADJUVANT CHEMORADIOTHERAPY AND NEOADJUVANT IMMUNOTHERAPY COMBINED WITH CHEMOTHERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF LOCALLY ADVANCED ESCC
Authors: Duan Xiaofeng , Jiang Hongjing
Published: August 2023

Background

The combination of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCR) with surgical resection remains the standard treatment option for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy has become a first-line treatment option for advanced and metastatic ESCC. The study of neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy (NCI) in locally advanced ESCC is in full swing, and its effectiveness and safety need further study.

Methods

The data of patients with locally advanced ESCC who underwent neoadjuvant therapy combined with surgery in our hospital from 2014 to 2022 were included, and a retrospective control study was carried out. The perioperative and pathological results of patients in the NCI group and NCR group were analyzed by 1:1 propensity score matching to determine the effectiveness and safety of NCI.

Result

A total of 214 patients were included in the study, including 136 patients with NCR and 78 patients with NCI. After 1:1 propensity score matching, 66 patients in each group were included in the final analysis. There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics, including age, gender, smoking and drinking history, comorbidity, cT stage, cN stage, cTNM stage, etc. The pathological results showed that the pCR rate of the NCR group was 27.3% (18/66), while the pCR rate of the NCI group was 25.8% (20/57), with no statistical difference (p > 0.05). The interval between neoadjuvant therapy and surgery in the NCR group was 47.1 ± 13.2 days, significantly longer than that of 34.7 ± 8.8 days in the NCI group (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the overall postoperative complications, pneumonia, and anastomotic leakage rates between the two groups of patients.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that there is no significant difference in the incidence of perioperative complications and pathological response between NCI and NCR group. As a new treatment option, the efficacy and safety of NCI are not inferior to NCR, but prospective randomized controlled studies are still needed to verify our results.
158. PACLITAXEL PLUS CISPLATIN AND 5 FUOROURACIL INDUCTION CHEMOTHERAPY FOR BORDERLINE RESECTABLE ESOPHAGEAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA: 3-YEAR SURVIVAL RESULT
Authors: Wu Jia-Di , Wu Jia-Di , Wang Zhi-Qiang , Li Zhi-Chao , Li Yu-Hong
Published: August 2023

Background

A phase 2 trial analyzed the safety and efficacy of TPF induction chemotherapy followed by surgery for locally advanced borderline-resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (NEOCRTEC-1601 clinical trial). This study presents updated 3-year analyses to further characterize the impact of TPF chemotherapy followed by surgery.

Methods

Patients diagnosed with BR-ESCC because of the primary tumor or bulky lymph node that potentially invaded adjacent organs were eligible. The treatment started with TPF chemotherapy, followed by surgery if the cancer was resectable, or by concurrent chemoradiation if it was unresectable. This updated analysis presents the 2- and 3-year overall survival rates and progression-free survival rates.

Results

A total of 27 patients (57.4%) received surgery and R0 resection was confirmed in 25 patients (53.2%). Pathologic complete response was confirmed in 4 patients (8.5%). The median follow-up time for the patients surviving without death was 44.8 months (range, 3.4–74.6 months). The median OS for all patients was 41.9 months (95% CI 18.6–65.3), with a median PFS of 38.7 months (95% CI 23.5–53.9). The 3-year survival rate of all patients was 54.4%. The OS and PFS for R0 group patients were significantly longer than those in non-R0 group (median OS: undefined vs. 26.5 months, HR 0.38; 95% CI 0.17–0.85, P = 0.010; median PFS: undefined vs. 17.2 months, HR 0.41, 95% CI 0.18–0.91, P = 0.016). The 3-year survival rate was 65.4% for the R0 group patients compared with 40.3% for the non-R0 patients (HR 0.41, 95%CI 0.16–0.91, P = 0.034).

Conclusions

Long-term follow-up evaluation confirmed that TPF followed by surgery is feasible and promising in terms of survival for BR-ESCC patients.