bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interlaboratory Analytical Validation of a Next-Generation Sequencing Strategy for Clonotypic Assessment and Minimal Residual Disease Monitoring in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Medina Alejandro , Jiménez Cristina , Puig Noemí , Sarasquete María Eugenia , Flores-Montero Juan , García-Álvarez María , Prieto-Conde Isabel , Chillón Carmen , Alcoceba Miguel , González-Calle Verónica , Gutiérrez Norma C. , Jacobsen Austin , Vigil Edgar , Hutt Kasey , Huang Ying , Orfao Alberto , González Marcos , Miller Jeffrey , García-Sanz Ramón
Published: October 2021

Context.—

Minimal residual disease (MRD) is a major prognostic factor in multiple myeloma, although validated technologies are limited.

Objective.—

To standardize the performance of the LymphoTrack next-generation sequencing (NGS) assays (Invivoscribe), targeting clonal immunoglobulin rearrangements, in order to reproduce the detection of tumor clonotypes and MRD quantitation in myeloma.

Design.—

The quantification ability of the assay was evaluated through serial dilution experiments. Paired samples from 101 patients were tested by LymphoTrack, using Sanger sequencing and EuroFlow's next-generation flow (NGF) assay as validated references for diagnostic and follow-up evaluation, respectively. MRD studies using LymphoTrack were performed in parallel at 2 laboratories to evaluate reproducibility.

Results.—

Sensitivity was set as 1.3 tumor cells per total number of input cells. Clonality was confirmed in 99% and 100% of cases with Sanger and NGS, respectively, showing great concordance (97.9%), although several samples had minor discordances in the nucleotide sequence of rearrangements. Parallel NGS was performed in 82 follow-up cases, achieving a median sensitivity of 0.001%, while for NGF, median sensitivity was 0.0002%. Reproducibility of LymphoTrack-based MRD studies (85.4%) and correlation with NGF (R2 > 0.800) were high. Bland-Altman tests showed highly significant levels of agreement between flow and sequencing.

Conclusions.—

Taken together, we have shown that LymphoTrack is a suitable strategy for clonality detection and MRD evaluation, with results comparable to gold standard procedures.
PERFORMANCE OF SAFFRON GROWTH ON DIFFERENT SOILS UNDER HOMOGENEOUS ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION
Authors: EL HAJJ Abdel Kader , OLEIK Soha , BAGHDADI Oxana , TAHA Nour , TALJ Vera , CHEHABELDEIN Hanaa , ELTAKICH Tamim
Published: October 2021

Soil is the major factor determining saffron yield. Although saffron tolerates different soil types, some soils with specific characteristics perform better than others. This work was conducted to evaluate the performance of saffron crop on different soil types under homogeneous environmental conditions. Four soil types sampled from different regions were tested: Rendzic Leptosols, Anthropic Regosols, Hypercalcaric Fluvisol and Eutric Cambisols. Soil samples were put in large plastic pots (radius=0.27 m, height=0.44 m) and organized in complete block design with four replicates. Combined analysis for four years revealed significant differences between soil types regarding most yield parameters. Saffron corms performed better on calcareous clayey Rendzic Leptosols soil with respect to plant height(PL), flowers per plot, flowers per corm cluster, total stigmas fresh and dry weights, fresh and dry weight of single stigmas and total number of corms. Corms grown on Hypercalcaric Fluvisol soil produced the largest content of Crocin, Picrocrocin and Safranal. A regression analysis was used to evaluate the performance of soil types on the number of flowers per mother corm through four years of the study. In this regard, a positive significant higher slope was obtained for Rendzic Leptosols (y = 4.23x - 8514.3, R²= 0.69, p.0001). Quantitative yield attributes such number of flowers per corm cluster was significantly correlated with organic matter t (r = .60, p=.016) and calcium (r =.52,p.041) contents. Correlation analysis showed that the soil parameters most attributed to the saffron yield were organic matter, phosphorus, potassium and calcium. For soils with limiting factors (Eutric cambisols and anthropic regosols) further studies should focus on improving their performance under saffron crop.
ODNOS NASTAVE I RAZVOJA UČENIKA
Authors: Ilic Milé
Published: October 2021

U radu su cjelovitije analizirane relacije između nastave (obučavanja) i razvoja (zrenja) učenika u svjetlu psiholoških teorija: kognitivističke, teo- rije identičnih elemenata i sociokulturne teorije. Apostrofiran je značaj kog- nitivističke teorije i istraživanja u otkrivanju zakonitosti intelektualnog (umnog) razvoja djece i mladih po utvrđenim etapama. Rasvjetljavana je hipoteza Vi- gotskog o međuzavisnosti nastave i razvoja učenika, kao i polazišta u konci- piranju teorije razvijajuće nastave. Eksplicirane su vrijednosti, sličnosti, ra- zlike, naučne i praktične implikacije eksperimentalne valorizacije teorije ra- zvijajuće nastave u projektima istraživačkog tima Zankova (gdje je razvija- no empirijsko mišljenje učenika) i kolektiva Eljkonin-Davidova (fokusiranog na razvoj teorijskog mišljenja). Upoređivani su tokovi i ishodi vaspitanja i ra- zvoja učenika (intelektualnog, moralnog i ostalih komponenti vaspitanja) u tradicionalnoj i inovativno-razvijajućoj nastavi. Prikazana je paradigmatsko- teorijska zasnovanost tipova i sistema nastave.
OSNIVANJE I DJELOVANJE OSNOVNIH I SREDNJIH ŠKOLA NA PODRUČJU DANAŠNJE OPŠTINE NOVI GRAD: NEKAD I DANAS
Authors: Matijevic Milan D.́
Published: October 2021

Godine 2020. opština Novi Grad sastoji se od jednog grada te tridesetak sela i zaselaka, i broji oko 25.000 stanovnika. Na području opštine djeluje jed- na gimnazija, jedna mješovita srednja škola te četiri osnovne škole s desetak područnih škola. Prve osnovne škole osnovane su i počele s radom sredinom 19.vijeka (1855. godine, Novi Grad i Velika Rujiška). Nažalost, u drugoj dece- niji ovog vijeka uočljiva je izražena depopulacija stanovništva na području op- štine. Uzroci smanjenja broja stanovnika jesu smanjen natalitet te ekonomski razlozi, jer su krajem prošlog i početkom ovog vijeka prestale s radom ili sma- njile obim zaposlenosti neke veće fabrike i preduzeća (npr. Sana, Lignošper, Japra, Željeznica itd.). Većina stanovnika našla je posao u evropskim država- ma (uglavnom Sloveniji, Austriji i Njemačkoj), a jedan broj ih je otišao u Srbiju (Vojvodina i Beograd). Zbog raseljavanja stanovništva te smanjenog nataliteta, svake godine smanjuje se broj djece dorasle za školu te i broj razrednih odjelje- nja, pa su neke područne škole prestale s radom. Nažalost, većina škola koje prestaju s radom ostavlja školske zgrade prazne i prepušta ih propadanju. Tako su se neke školske zgrade koje su bile pune đaka prije pedeset ili stotinu godina potpuno srušile, a prostor na kojem su stajale prepušten je rastu korova ili sta- novnici koji stanuju u blizini kose travu na prostorima bivših školskih dvorišta i igrališta.
A Multiclass Cumulative Prospect Theory-Based Stochastic User Equilibrium Model with Path Constraints in Degradable Transport Networks
Authors: Yan Dongmei , Guo Jianhua
Published: October 2021

The limited driving range and the unavailability or insufficiency of battery charging/swapping stations cause the so-called range anxiety issue for traffic assignment involving battery electric vehicle (BEV) users. In addition, expected utility theory-based stochastic user equilibrium (EUT-SUE) model generates the perfectly rational issue when the travellers make route choice decisions. To tackle these two problems, this article improves the cumulative prospect theory-based stochastic user equilibrium (CPT-SUE) model in a degradable transport network through incorporating the constraints of multiple user classes and distance limit. In this degradable network, the travellers experience stochastic travel times due to network link capacity degradations. For this improved CPT-SUE model, the equivalent variational inequality (VI) model and associated method of successive averages (MSA) based solution are provided. The improved CPT-SUE model is tested and compared with the EUT-SUE model with distance limit, with results showing that the improved CPT-SUE model can handle jointly the range anxiety issue and the perfectly rational issue.
Identifying Expressway Accident Black Spots Based on the Secondary Division of Road Units
Authors: Liang Guohua , Sun Xujiao , Zhang Yidan , Chen Mingli , Zhang Wanting
Published: October 2021

For the purpose of reducing the harm of expressway traffic accidents and improving the accuracy of traffic accident black spots identification, this paper proposes a method for black spots identification of expressway accidents based on road unit secondary division and empirical Bayes method. Based on the modelling ideas of expressway accident prediction models in HSM (Highway Safety Manual), an expressway accident prediction model is established as a prior distribution and combined with empirical Bayes method safety estimation to obtain a Bayes posterior estimate. The posterior estimated value is substituted into the quality control method to obtain the black spots identification threshold. Finally, combining the Xi'an-Baoji expressway related data and using the method proposed in this paper, a case study of Xibao Expressway is carried out, and sections 9, 19, and 25 of Xibao Expressway are identified as black spots. The results show that the method of secondary segmentation based on dynamic clustering can objectively describe the concentration and dispersion of accident spots on the expressway, and the proposed black point recognition method based on empirical Bayes method can accurately identify accident black spots. The research results of this paper can provide a basis for decision-making of expressway management departments, take targeted safety improvement measures.
Comparative Voyage-Based Evaluation of Yacht Transfer by Self-Sailing and Cargo Vessel Shipment – A Pilot Study
Authors: Ülker Duygu , Koldemir Birsen
Published: October 2021

The seasonal domestic yacht traffic direction in Turkey from the Marmara Sea and South coasts of Turkey at the beginning of the Summer and opposite direction at the end of the Summer or beginning of the Autumn. Considering the long-distance and long sailing time between the routes of seasonal yacht moving, this study revealed whether the yacht carrying in domestic shipping can be feasible for yacht owners and ship owners. The technical and managing perspective of port and ship selection criteria are indicated for yacht carrying. Estimations are done for the selected sample ship and yacht model and selected loading/discharging ports. All of the voyage expenses are formulated and written in MatLab. The voyage costs of the sample ship and  yacht model are estimated to evaluate the feasibility of yacht carrying between the Bodrum and Haydarpaşa Port. The cost of a yacht carrying between the ports is  acceptable depends on the number of yachts, speed of yacht and yacht type carried. The long coastline and yacht traffic potential of Turkey  give the opportunity of effectiveness for shipping of yachts in the domestic line.
Prediction of Fatalities in Vehicle Collisions in Canada
Authors: Babaoglu Liza , Babaoglu Ceni
Published: October 2021

Traffic collisions affect millions around the world and are the leading cause of death for children and young adults. Thus, Canada’s road safety plan is to reduce collision injuries and fatalities with a vision of making the safest roads in the world. We aim to predict fatalities of collisions on Canadian roads, and to discover causation of fatalities through exploratory data analysis and machine learning techniques. We analyse the vehicle collisions from Canada’s National Collision Database (1999–2017.) Through data mining methodologies, we investigate association rules and key contributing factors that lead to fatalities. Then, we propose two supervised learning classification models, Lasso Regression and XGBoost, to predict fatalities. Our analysis shows the deadliness of head-on collisions, especially in non-intersection areas with lacking traffic control systems. We also reveal that most collision fatalities occur in non-extreme weather and road conditions. Our prediction models show that the best classifier of fatalities is XGBoost with 83% accuracy. Its most important features are “collision configuration” and “used safety devices” elements, outnumbering attributes such as vehicle year, collision time, age, or sex of the individual. Our exploratory and predictive analysis reveal the importance of road design and traffic safety education.
Identifying Operational Benefits of the Arrival Management System – A KPI-Based Experimental Method by Evaluating Radar Trajectories
Authors: Liu Songwei , Zhang Junfeng , Peng Zihan , Guo Haipeng , Pi Anle
Published: October 2021

The arrival management (AMAN) system is a decision support tool for air traffic controllers to establish and maintain the landing sequence for arrival aircraft. The original intention of designing the AMAN system is to improve the efficiency of air traffic management (ATM), but few studies are investigating the operational benefits of this system based on key performance indicators (KPIs) and evaluating actual data in a real-time environment. The main purpose of this paper is to propose a KPI based transferable comparative analysis method for identifying the operational benefits of the AMAN through radar trajectories. Firstly, six KPIs are established from a joint study of the mainstream ATM performance frameworks worldwide. Secondly, appropriate evaluation technique approaches are determined according to the characteristics of each KPI. Finally, a Chinese metropolitan airport is taken for the case study, and three periods are defined to form data samples with high similarity for comparative experiments. The results validate the feasibility of the proposed method and find comprehensive performance improvements in arrival operations under the effects of the AMAN system.
Commercialisation of Air Navigation Service Providers – Evidence from Europe
Authors: Materna Matúš , Badánik Benedikt , Novák Sedláčková Alena , Maternová Andrea
Published: October 2021

This paper deals with the on-going process of commercialisation of air navigation service providers (ANSPs) with specific focus on Europe. First part offers overview of conducted research on their commercialisation and identifies two main external drivers for the emergence of commercialisation – liberalisation of national markets and demand for other ANS related services. Our research also proposes methodology for numerical assessment of the degree of commercialisation based on the ANSP’s Commercialisation Index (ACI) and presents numerical evaluation of the ACI index of 35 European providers and proposes six different categories of providers reflecting different degree of their commercialisation. Results reveal that 63% of the European ANSPs show signs of commercialisation. On top of that, our outcomes prove that corporatisation cannot be considered a direct manifestation of commercialisation. Despite the most widely accepted view that corporatised providers are commercially active, the findings show that almost 40% of corporatised European ANSPs are not commercially active. The paper also claims that ownership of subsidiaries and joint ventures is the most dominant demonstration of commercialisation. At the same time, our outcomes show that the provision and development of commercial services and products related to ANS are the most common commercial activities of the European ANSPs.
VALOR NARRATIVO EM ARQUIVOS PESSOAIS COMPREENDIDO COMO “ESCRITA DE SI”
Authors: Britto Augusto César Luiz , Corradi Analaura
Published: October 2021

Os titulares de Arquivos Pessoais formam os seus acervos pelas mais diversas motivações e essas são atreladas a valores que as justificam. O “valor narrativo” é um desses motivos que explicam por parte do titular a existência de acervos de caráter pessoal. Compreende-se que devido à impossibilidade de se preservar todos os documentos produzidos em vida, o titular de um arquivo realiza uma seleção que responda a imagem que ele deseja deixar sobre si a aqueles que irão ter acesso ao seu acervo. Logo, o titular realiza uma “escrita de si” e essa ação acontece nas fases de formação, seleção e disponibilização de seus documentos. O titular enquanto indivíduo social sofre influência da concepção que os sujeitos têm de si, logo o processo de subjetivação via “escrita de si” difere em diferentes épocas. Esse trabalho busca, portanto, contribuir com aqueles que se interessam em Arquivos Pessoais ao apresentar conceitos e teorias sobre a “escrita de si” que influenciarão a narrativa do titular do Arquivo Pessoal como um viés que explica o valor narrativo.
AS CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA BIBLIOTECA ESCOLAR NO PROCESSO DE ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM
Authors: Santos Andrea Pereira , Sousa Lettícia Oliveira
Published: October 2021

Analisa na literatura estrangeira, entre os anos de 2005 e 2017, no sentido de entender quais são as contribuições da biblioteca escolar no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Apresenta levantamento bibliográfico realizado na base de dados “Library, Information Science and Technology Abstracts with Full Text” por meio do website EBSCO host. A pesquisa teve como objetivos específicos realizar levantamento bibliográfico sobre a biblioteca escolar no exterior, analisar as contribuições da biblioteca escolar no processo de ensino-aprendizagem e verificar como a literatura estrangeira compreende a biblioteca no espaço escolar. O método utilizado foi revisão bibliográfica com abordagem quanti-qualitativa.  Objetivou-se analisar artigos em língua inglesa que tratassem de estudos de caso sobre a biblioteca escolar a partir de experiências vivenciadas, principalmente, fora do Brasil. As leituras realizadas demonstraram as contribuições que a biblioteca escolar exerce no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, pois ela contribui de forma positiva na prática de leitura, escrita e no desenvolvimento do letramento informacional nos estudantes.
Advocates hold hope that SAMHSA office will deliver for recovery support
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: October 2021

On the final day of National Recovery Month, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) formally announced the establishment of an Office of Recovery within the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Mental Health and Substance Use. Although this development has constituted an item on recovery advocates' agenda for some time, it remains unclear as to who will be tapped to run the office and what its main deliverables to the recovery community will be.
Behavior of Neural Cells Post Manufacturing and After Prolonged Encapsulation within Conductive Graphene‐Laden Alginate Microfibers
Authors: McNamara Marilyn C. , Aykar Saurabh S. , Alimoradi Nima , Niaraki Asli Amir Ehsan , Pemathilaka Rajeendra L. , Wrede Alex H. , Montazami Reza , Hashemi Nicole N.
Published: October 2021

Engineering conductive 3D cell scaffoldings offer advantages toward the creation of physiologically relevant platforms with integrated real‐time sensing capabilities. Dopaminergic neural cells are encapsulated into graphene‐laden alginate microfibers using a microfluidic approach, which is unmatched for creating highly‐tunable microfibers. Incorporating graphene increases the conductivity of the alginate microfibers by 148%, creating a similar conductivity to native brain tissue. The cell encapsulation procedure has an efficiency of 50%, and of those cells, ≈30% remain for the entire 6‐day observation period. To understand how the microfluidic encapsulation affects cell genetics, tyrosine hydroxylase, tubulin beta 3 class 3, interleukin 1 beta, and tumor necrosis factor alfa are analyzed primarily with real‐time reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction and secondarily with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, immediately after manufacturing, after encapsulation in polymer matrix for 6 days, and after encapsulation in the graphene‐polymer composite for 6 days. Preliminary data shows that the manufacturing process and combination with alginate matrix affect the expression of the studied genes immediately after manufacturing. In addition, the introduction of graphene further changes gene expressions. Long‐term encapsulation of neural cells in alginate and 6‐day exposure to graphene also leads to changes in gene expressions.
Novel Thermotolerant and Flexible Polyimide Aerogel Separator Achieving Advanced Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Deng Yurui , Pan Yuelei , Zhang Zhongxin , Fu Yangyang , Gong Lunlun , Liu Chengyuan , Yang Jiuzhong , Zhang Heping , Cheng Xudong
Published: October 2021

Separators are vital parts of all lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), and they play a critical role in their thermal safety and electrochemical performance. Considering the low thermal stability and inferior electrolyte wettability of commercial polyolefin membranes, in this study, a novel thermotolerant polyimide aerogel (PIA) separator is designed. This is the first report on the use of chemically cross‐linked PIA separators for LIBs. The outstanding porosity (78.35%) and electrolyte absorption (321.66%) of PIA separators contribute to the low internal resistance and outstanding electrochemical performance of LIBs, which can retain a high specific capacity of 118 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at a current density of 1 C. In addition, The LiFePO4|Li metal batteries with PIA separators are extremely stable at 90 °C (>300 cycles), and maintain stability even at 120 °C. More importantly, for pouch batteries, PIA separators result in higher thermal runaway temperatures compared with Celgard separators. In this paper, the pyrolysis mechanism and thermodynamic process of PIA separators are clarified by DFT calculations and in situ synchrotron vacuum UV photoionization mass spectrometry experiments.
Modulating Protein Corona and Materials–Cell Interactions with Temperature‐Responsive Materials
Authors: Prawatborisut Mongkhol , Jiang Shuai , Oberländer Jennifer , Mailänder Volker , Crespy Daniel , Landfester Katharina
Published: October 2021

Temperature‐responsive polymers display changes of conformation upon a certain threshold temperature, which involves changes of hydrophobicity. Therefore, this property can be exploited to construct materials showing temperature‐dependent interactions with proteins and cells. Indeed, the amounts and types of proteins in the protein corona after incubating temperature‐responsive materials in protein mixtures are regulated by the surface hydrophobicity of materials. This ability is beneficial for designing systems for protein separation or for protecting proteins from thermal stress. Temperature‐responsive materials are also employed for controlling cell adhesion and detachment. The cells are incubated at physiological temperature of mammalians (37 °C) followed by desorption of cell sheets at lower temperature when the substrate is hydrophilic. The authors envision that temperature‐responsive materials will be employed for controlling protein corona of nanocarriers for drug delivery applications.
Nanomaterial Strategies for Delivery of Therapeutic Cargoes
Authors: Ledesma Francis , Ozcan Bora , Sun Xiaoqi , Medina Sebastiana Meza , Landry Markita P.
Published: October 2021

Over the last decade, much progress has been made in developing nanoparticle‐mediated delivery systems to overcome the limitations of existing in vivo delivery technologies. However, the balance between efficacy and safety continues to limit the clinical translation of nanoscale delivery systems. Furthermore, optimizing delivery efficiency requires tuning nanoparticle type and attachment chemistry, both of which are dependent on the cargo being delivered. While the delivery of protein therapeutics is of particular interest, the complexity inherent to protein cargo introduces additional challenges for cargo loading and stabilization. Advances needed for efficient and safe in vivo nanoparticle delivery systems should prioritize design strategies that co‐optimize safety, biodegradability, and covalent functionalization. In this review, the most commonly used non‐viral nanoparticles are outlined for delivery of small molecule drug, nucleic acid, and protein therapeutic cargoes and potential strategies are discussed for rationally designing nanoparticle‐mediated delivery systems.
Lattice Proton Intercalation to Regulate WO3‐Based Solid‐Contact Wearable pH Sensor for Sweat Analysis
Authors: Tang Yitian , Gan Shiyu , Zhong Lijie , Sun Zhonghui , Xu Longbin , Liao Chunxian , Lin Kanglong , Cui Xiaoqing , He Dequan , Ma Yingming , Wang Wei , Niu Li
Published: October 2021

Sweat pH monitoring is a routine indicator in wearable biotechnology. The state‐of‐the‐art wearable pH sensors mostly rely on organic materials but face the risk of biological toxicity. WO3 is a typical H+‐sensitive inorganic material with chemical stability, biocompatibility, and low cost but low sensitivity and slow response. Lattice H+ intercalation is herein proposed as an efficient approach that can greatly improve the sensitivity and selectivity of WO3‐based pH sensors. Specifically, lattice H+ intercalation can promote WO3 from the monoclinic phase to cubic phase, which enhances the ion exchange capacity between WO3 and H+. The resistance decreases more than two orders of magnitudes, which improves the interfacial charge transport. The occupancy of lattice H+ leads to ion exchange only with H+, thus increasing the H+ recognition. The intercalated HxWO3 exhibits much improved sensitivity, reversibility, and response time. Additionally, the HxWO3 is integrated with a solid reference electrode on a miniaturized chip for wearable sweat pH monitoring. The pH sensor exhibits good potential response even at curving over 270°. On‐body sweat pH measurments show high accuracy compared with ex situ analyses. This work emphasizes the concept of lattice proton intercalation to regulate the H+ recognition of solid contacts.
Electrically Conductive, Optically Responsive, and Highly Orientated Ti3C2Tx MXene Aerogel Fibers
Authors: Li Yuzhen , Zhang Xuetong
Published: October 2021

Aerogel fibers, which combine the lightweight and multimesoporous properties of aerogel with the flexible and slender characteristics of the fiber, have received growing attention in the fields of smart fabrics, flexible electronic devices, and transparency‐determined optics. Herein a pure Ti3C2Tx MXene aerogel fiber, showing an intriguing oriented mesoporous structure, ultrahigh electrical conductivity, and electrothermal/photothermal dual‐responsiveness, is fabricated via a simple dynamic sol–gel spinning and subsequent supercritical CO2 drying. MXene aerogel fibers exhibit tunable porosity (96.5–99.3%), high specific surface area (up to 142 m2 g−1), and low density (down to 0.035 g cm−3). Benefiting from the metal‐like conductive MXene nanosheets and their high orientation induced by dynamic sol–gel wet spinning, the resultant Ti3C2Tx MXene aerogel fibers display ultrahigh conductivity up to 104 S m−1, which far surpasses the known aerogel materials (including aerogel monoliths, aerogel fibers, and aerogel films) reported in the literature. In addition, MXene aerogel fibers also have excellent electrothermal/photothermal dual‐responsiveness due to high electrical conductivity and remarkable light absorption ability. The combination of these characteristics makes MXene aerogel fibers with encouraging potential in flexible wearable devices, smart fabrics, and portable equipment applications.
High‐Speed Fabrication of All‐Inkjet‐Printed Organometallic Halide Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes on Elastic Substrates
Authors: Zhao Junyi , Lo Li‐Wei , Wan Haochuan , Mao Pengsu , Yu Zhibin , Wang Chuan
Published: October 2021

Halide perovskites have great potential for use in high‐performance light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) and displays. Here, a perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs) fabricated directly on an elastomer substrate, in which every single layer in the device from bottom anode to top cathode is patterned solely using a highly scalable inkjet printing process, is reported. Compared to PeLEDs made using conventional microfabrication processes, the printing process significantly shortens the fabrication time by at least tenfold (from over 5 h to less than 25 min). The all‐printed PeLEDs have a novel 4‐layer structure (bottom electrode, perovskite emissive layer, buffer layer, top electrode) without separate electron or hole transporting layers. For flexible PeLEDs printed directly in ambient conditions, a turn‐on voltage, maximum luminance intensity, and maximum current efficiency of 3.46 V, 10227 cd m−2, and 2.01 cd A−1, respectively, is achieved. The devices also exhibit excellent robustness and stability even when bent to a curvature radius of 2.5 mm. The reported device structure and fabrication processes can enable high‐performance flexible PeLEDs to be manufactured over a larger area at extremely low cost and fast speed, which can facilitate the adoption of the promising PeLED technology in the emerging foldable displays, smart wearables, and many other applications.
Managing Growth and Dimensionality of Quasi 2D Perovskite Single‐Crystalline Flakes for Tunable Excitons Orientation
Authors: Cinquino Marco , Fieramosca Antonio , Mastria Rosanna , Polimeno Laura , Moliterni Anna , Olieric Vincent , Matsugaki Naohiro , Panico Riccardo , De Giorgi Milena , Gigli Giuseppe , Giannini Cinzia , Rizzo Aurora , Sanvitto Daniele , De Marco Luisa
Published: October 2021

Hybrid perovskites are among the most promising materials for optoelectronic applications. Their 2D crystalline form is even more interesting since the alternating inorganic and organic layers naturally forge a multiple quantum‐well structure, leading to the formation of stable excitonic resonances. Nevertheless, a controlled modulation of the quantum well width, which is defined by the number of inorganic layers (n) between two organic ones, is not trivial and represents the main synthetic challenge in the field. Here, a conceptually innovative approach to easily tune n in lead iodide perovskite single‐crystalline flakes is presented. The judicious use of potassium iodide is found to modulate the supersaturation levels of the precursors solution without being part of the final products. This allows to obtain a fine tuning of the n value. The excellent optical quality of the as synthesized flakes guarantees an in‐depth analysis by Fourier‐space microscopy, revealing that the excitons orientation can be manipulated by modifying the number of inorganic layers. Excitonic out‐of‐plane component, indeed, is enhanced when “n” is increased. The combined advances in the synthesis and optical characterization fill in the picture of the exciton behavior in low‐dimensional perovskite, paving the way to the design of materials with improved optoelectronic characteristics.
Light‐Motivated SnO2/TiO2 Heterojunctions Enabling the Breakthrough in Energy Density for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hu Chen , Chen Ling , Hu Yanjie , Chen Aiping , Chen Long , Jiang Hao , Li Chunzhong
Published: October 2021

Powering lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) by light‐irradiation will bring a paradigm shift in energy‐storage technologies. Herein, a photoaccelerated rechargeable LIB employing SnO2/TiO2 heterojunction nanoarrays as a multifunctional anode is developed. The electron–hole pairs generated by the LixTiO2 (x ≥ 0) under light irradiation synergistically enhance the lithiation kinetics and electrochemical reversibility of both SnO2 and TiO2. Specifically, the electrons can quickly pour into the SnO2 and the generated Sn due to the more positive conduction band potentials (vs TiO2), and mean while the holes also promote the intercalation of Li+ into TiO2 by reaching charge balance. A remarkable increase in areal specific capacity is therefore achieved from 1.91 to 3.47 mAh cm−2 at 5 mA cm−2. More impressively, there is no capacity loss even through 100 cycles, which is the best report for photorechargeable LIBs to date, owing to the strong and stable photoresponse current. This finding exhibits a feasible pathway to break the limitation in the energy density of LIBs by the efficient conversion and storage of solar energy.
Advanced Point‐of‐Care Testing Technologies for Human Acute Respiratory Virus Detection
Authors: Zhang Zhaowei , Ma Peng , Ahmed Rajib , Wang Jie , Akin Demir , Soto Fernando , Liu Bi‐Feng , Li Peiwu , Demirci Utkan
Published: October 2021

The ever‐growing global threats to human life caused by the human acute respiratory virus (RV) infections have cost billions of lives, created a significant economic burden, and shaped society for centuries. The timely response to emerging RVs could save human lives and reduce the medical care burden. The development of RV detection technologies is essential for potentially preventing RV pandemic and epidemics. However, commonly used detection technologies lack sensitivity, specificity, and speed, thus often failing to provide the rapid turnaround times. To address this problem, new technologies are devised to address the performance inadequacies of the traditional methods. These emerging technologies offer improvements in convenience, speed, flexibility, and portability of point‐of‐care test (POCT). Herein, recent developments in POCT are comprehensively reviewed for eight typical acute respiratory viruses. This review discusses the challenges and opportunities of various recognition and detection strategies and discusses these according to their detection principles, including nucleic acid amplification, optical POCT, electrochemistry, lateral flow assays, microfluidics, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays, and microarrays. The importance of limits of detection, throughput, portability, and specificity when testing clinical samples in resource‐limited settings is emphasized. Finally, the evaluation of commercial POCT kits for both essential RV diagnosis and clinical‐oriented practices is included.
Facile Synthesis of Palladium‐Based Nanocrystals with Different Crystal Phases and a Comparison of Their Catalytic Properties
Authors: Janssen Annemieke , Pawlik Veronica , von Rueden Alexander D. , Xu Lang , Wang Chenxiao , Mavrikakis Manos , Xia Younan
Published: October 2021

A relatively unexplored aspect of noble‐metal nanomaterials is polymorphism, or their ability to crystallize in different crystal phases. Here, a method is reported for the facile synthesis of Ru@Pd core–shell nanocrystals featuring polymorphism, with the core made of hexagonally close‐packed (hcp)‐Ru while the Pd shell takes either an hcp or face‐centered cubic (fcc) phase. The polymorphism shows a dependence on the shell thickness, with shells thinner than ≈1.4 nm taking the hcp phase whereas the thicker ones revert to fcc. The injection rate provides an experimental knob for controlling the phase, with one‐shot and drop‐wise injection of the Pd precursor corresponding to fcc‐Pd and hcp‐Pd shells, respectively. When these nanocrystals are tested as catalysts toward formic acid oxidation, the Ru@Pdhcp nanocrystals outperform Ru@Pdfcc in terms of both specific activity and peak potential. Density functional theory calculations are also performed to elucidate the origin of this performance enhancement.
Atomically Dispersed Co2–N6 and Fe–N4 Costructures Boost Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Both Alkaline and Acidic Media
Authors: Wang Zhe , Jin Xiaoyan , Zhu Chao , Liu Yipu , Tan Hua , Ku Ruiqi , Zhang Yongqi , Zhou Liujiang , Liu Zheng , Hwang Seong‐Ju , Fan Hong Jin
Published: October 2021

Polynary transition‐metal atom catalysts are promising to supersede platinum (Pt)‐based catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Regulating the local configuration of atomic catalysts is the key to catalyst performance enhancement. Different from the previously reported single‐atom or dual‐atom configurations, a new type of ternary‐atom catalyst, which consists of atomically dispersed, nitrogen‐coordinated Co–Co dimers, and Fe single sites (i.e., Co2–N6 and Fe–N4 structures) that are coanchored on highly graphitized carbon supports is developed. This unique atomic ORR catalyst outperforms the catalysts with only Co2–N6 or Fe–N4 sites in both alkaline and acid conditions. Density functional theory calculations clearly unravels the synergistic effect of the Co2–N6 and Fe–N4 sites, which can induce higher filling degree of Fe–d orbitals and favors the binding capability to *OH intermediates (the rate determining step). This ternary‐atom catalyst may be a promising alternative to Pt to drive the cathodic ORR in zinc–air batteries.
Solid–Liquid Host–Guest Composites: The Marriage of Porous Solids and Functional Liquids
Authors: Sheng Zhizhi , Ding Yi , Li Guangyong , Fu Chen , Hou Yinglai , Lyu Jing , Zhang Kun , Zhang Xuetong
Published: October 2021

Composite materials can provide remarkable improvements over the individual constituents. Especially, with a liquid component introduced into a solid porous host, solid–liquid host–guest composites have recently come to the forefront with exceptional functions that promise them for a wealth of applications. Combining the unprecedented dynamic, transparent, omniphobic, self‐healing, diffusive and adaptive nature of functional liquid with inherent solid host's property, solid–liquid host–guest composites can realize the ease of fabrication, long‐term stability, and a broad spectrum of enhanced properties, which cannot be fully met by conventional solid–solid composites or liquid–liquid composites. This review presents the state‐of‐the‐art progress in solid–liquid host–guest composites. Initially, the concept, classification, design strategy, as well as fabrication methods as a path forward to develop the composites are unraveled, and further it is elaborated on how the functionality of porous solid and functional liquid can be harnessed to create composites with a broad range of unique properties, especially, the optical, thermal, electric, mechanical, sorption, and separation properties. With these fascinating properties, a myriad of emerging applications such as optical devices, thermal management, electromagnetic‐interference shielding, soft electronics, gas capture and release, and multiphase separations are touched upon, inspiring more frontier researches in materials science, interfacial chemistry, membrane science, engineering, and multidisciplinary. Finally, this review provides the perspective on the future directions of solid–liquid host–guest composites and assesses the challenges and opportunities ahead.
Ischemic Microenvironment‐Responsive Therapeutics for Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Li Xi , Zhang Yabing , Ren Xiangyi , Wang Yan , Chen Dongxu , Li Qian , Huo Minfeng , Shi Jianlin
Published: October 2021

Cardiovascular diseases caused by ischemia are attracting considerable attention owing to its high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although numerous agents with cardioprotective benefits have been identified, their clinical outcomes are hampered by their low bioavailability, poor drug solubility, and systemic adverse effects. Advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology provide a new opportunity to effectively deliver drugs for treating ischemia‐related diseases. In particular, cardiac ischemia leads to a characteristic pathological environment called an ischemic microenvironment (IME), significantly different from typical cardiac regions. These remarkable differences between ischemic sites and normal tissues have inspired the development of stimuli‐responsive systems for the targeted delivery of therapeutic drugs to damaged cardiomyocytes. Recently, many biomaterials with intelligent properties have been developed to enhance the therapeutic benefits of drugs for the treatment of myocardial ischemia. Strategies for stimuli‐responsive drug delivery and release based on IME include reactive oxygen species, pH‐, hypoxia‐, matrix metalloproteinase‐, and platelet‐inspired targeting strategies. In this review, state‐of‐the‐art IME‐responsive biomaterials for the treatment of myocardial ischemia are summarized. Perspectives, limitations, and challenges are also discussed for the further development of innovative and effective approaches to treat ischemic diseases with high effectiveness and biocompatibility.
Synergistic Enzyme Mixtures to Realize Near‐Complete Depolymerization in Biodegradable Polymer/Additive Blends
Authors: DelRe Christopher , Chang Boyce , Jayapurna Ivan , Hall Aaron , Wang Ariel , Zolkin Kyle , Xu Ting
Published: October 2021

Embedding catalysts inside of plastics affords accelerated chemical modification with programmable latency and pathways. Nanoscopically embedded enzymes can lead to near‐complete degradation of polyesters via chain‐end mediated processive depolymerization. The overall degradation rate and pathways have a strong dependence on the morphology of semicrystalline polyesters. Yet, most studies to date focus on pristine polymers instead of mixtures that contain additives and other components despite their nearly universal use in plastic production. Here, additives are introduced to purposely change the morphology of polycaprolactone (PCL) by increasing the bending and twisting of crystalline lamellae. These morphological changes immobilize chain ends preferentially at the crystalline/amorphous interfaces and limit chain‐end accessibility by the embedded processive enzyme. This chain‐end redistribution reduces the polymer‐to‐monomer conversion from >95% to less than 50%, causing formation of highly crystalline plastic pieces, including microplastics. By synergizing both random chain scission and processive depolymerization, it is feasible to navigate morphological changes in polymer/additive blends and to achieve near‐complete depolymerization. The random scission enzymes in the amorphous domains create new chain ends that are subsequently bound and depolymerized by processive enzymes. Present studies further highlight the importance to consider how the host polymer's morphologies affect the reactions catalyzed by embedded catalytic species.
Hybridization of 2D MoS2 Nanoplatelets and PtAu Hybrid Nanoparticles for the SERS Enhancement of Methylene Blue
Authors: Lin Shusen , Mandavkar Rutuja , Kulkarni Rakesh , Pandit Sanchaya , Burse Shalmali , Habib Md Ahasan , Kunwar Sundar , Lee Jihoon
Published: October 2021

SERS is a powerful technique that can offer an extraordinary capacity in the enhancement of weak Raman vibration and identification of molecules at a low concentration. In this work, a versatile hybrid SERS platform is demonstrated by the hybridization of 2D MoS2 nanoplatelets and core–shell PtAu hybrid nanoparticles (HNPs) for the enhancement of Raman vibration of methylene blue (MB). The MB is mixed with the MoS2 nanoplatelets and applied on the uniquely developed PtAu core–shell HNPs and significantly improved SERS is achieved as compared to a general SERS. The PtAu core–shell HNPs can offer the core–shelled PtAu NP configuration along with the highly dense background Au NPs, which exhibit much enhanced distribution of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and hot spots. The MoS2 nanoplatelets are 2D layered transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) semiconductors, which can offer an ample charge transfer to the MB. The hybrid SERS platform takes the advantages from both the electromagnetic mechanism (EM) and chemical mechanism (CM). The finite‐different time‐domain (FDTD) simulation demonstrates the enhanced local e‐field distributions and increased maximum local e‐field intensity of the core–shell PtAu HNPs and combination of 2D MoS2 nanoplatelets/core–shell PtAu HNPs.
Effect of Filler Aspect Ratio on Stiffness and Conductivity in Phase‐Changing Particulate Composites
Authors: Mohammadi Nasab Amir , Buckner Trevor L. , Yang Bilige , Kramer‐Bottiglio Rebecca
Published: October 2021

Variable stiffness in elastomers can be achieved through the introduction of low melting point alloy particles, such as Field's metal (FM), enabling on‐demand switchable elasticity and anisotropy in response to thermal stimulus. Because the FM particles are thermally transitioned between solid and liquid phases, it is beneficial for the composite to be electrically conductive so the stiffness may be controlled via direct Joule heating. While FM is highly conductive, spherical particles contribute to a high percolation threshold. In this paper, it is shown that the percolation threshold of FM particulate composites can be reduced with increasing particles aspect ratio. Increasing the aspect ratio of phase‐changing fillers also increases the rigid‐to‐soft modulus ratio of the composite by raising the elastic modulus in the rigid state while preserving the low modulus in the soft state. The results indicate that lower quantities of high aspect ratio FM particles can be used to achieve both electrical conductivity and stiffness‐switching via a single solution and without introducing additional conductive fillers. This technique is applied to enable a highly stretchable, variable stiffness, and electrically conductive composite, which, when patterned around an inflatable actuator, allows for adaptable trajectories via selective softening of the surface materials.
Embedding Cs3Cu2I5 Scintillators into Anodic Aluminum Oxide Matrix for High‐Resolution X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Zhao Xue , Jin Tong , Gao Wanru , Niu Guangda , Zhu Jinsong , Song Boxiang , Luo Jiajun , Pan Weicheng , Wu Haodi , Zhang Muyi , He Xin , Fu Liuchong , Li Zhigang , Zhao Hongtao , Tang Jiang
Published: October 2021

Scintillators are widely utilized as X‐ray imaging detectors. Pixelated scintillator films with optical‐waveguide‐effect are preferred to realize high‐resolution X‐ray imaging. However, it remains a great challenge to rapidly fabricate high‐resolution pixelated scintillator film. Herein, a new strategy is developed to solve the problem by embedding metal halide scintillators into an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) via a facile hot‐pressing method. Cs3Cu2I5 is selected as the prototype to fabricate pixelated scintillator films with targeted thickness, denoted as Cs3Cu2I5−AAO. The light confinement effect provided by AAO is validated by finite‐difference time‐domain simulations. In particular, the as‐prepared Cs3Cu2I5−AAO film demonstrates higher spatial resolution (10.4 lp mm−1 at modulation transfer function = 0.2), higher UV and X‐ray imaging performances compared to the homogeneous counterpart and commercialized terbium‐doped gadolinium oxysulfide. These results can inspire further research on the design of nanostructured metal halide perovskites for high‐resolution X‐ray imaging.
Hybrid Metal‐Halide Infrared Nonlinear Optical Crystals of (TMEDA)MI5 (M = Sb, Bi) with High Stability
Authors: Liu Kunjie , Deng Chenkai , Li Chunxiao , Zhang Xusheng , Cao Jindong , Yao Jiyong , Zhao Jing , Jiang Xingxing , Lin Zheshuai , Liu Quanlin
Published: October 2021

Organic–inorganic metal halides (OIMHs) with unique structural flexibility possess excellent photoelectric properties. They are regarded as next‐generation photovoltaic materials, phosphors, semiconductors, and ferroelectrics. The metal‐halide units in OIMHs are good microscopic building blocks of nonlinear optical crystals for laser wavelength conversion. However, most OIMHs are absent from nonlinear optics owing to their macroscopic nonlinear optical (NLO)‐inactive centrosymmetric crystal structure. In this study, two new lead‐free OIMHs, (TMEDA)SbI5 and (TMEDA)BiI5 (where TMEDA2+ is N,N,N′‐trimethylethylenediammonium), having 1D structure, crystallized in the orthorhombic system with a non‐centrosymmetric P212121 space group, are synthesized. Remarkably, upon 2090 nm laser irradiation, both compounds possess a strong infrared (IR) nonlinear optical response of the same magnitude as AgGaS2, which is a benchmark semiconductor‐type nonlinear optical crystal. In addition, under the excitation of ultraviolet and visible lights, both compounds produce self‐trapped exciton‐induced red‐light emission. First‐principles electronic structure calculations reveal that the optical properties originate from the electronic transitions within the inorganic metal‐halide group. The obtained results indicate that both compounds are potential photoelectric materials for laser frequency conversion and fluorescence, and the observation of NLO effect in these two compounds verifies that OIMHs are also good candidates for NLO crystals.