bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blockchain and Democracy
Authors: Racsko Peter
Published: June 2019

In the past few years in many countries people have experienced the erosion of trust in the main pillars of democracy, the voting and election systems. Many authors envisage the blockchain technology as a tool for restoration of trust (Tapscott 2016; Swislow 2016; Shin 2016). Our research is aimed at the potential use of blockchain technology in social systems for enhancing trust and increasing participation. We aim to explore whether the blockchain technology is suitable for voting or elections in large communities and the issues to be addressed for real world applications to leverage democratic rights. Our final conclusion is that there are both theoretical and practical obstacles in the way of such direct applications.
A szénhidrát-anyagcsere és a gyulladásos folyamatok jellemzésére szolgáló új marker, a szérumprogranulin diagnosztikai és prognosztikai szerepéről
Authors: Nádró Bíborka , Sztanek Ferenc , Lőrincz Hajnalka , Páll Dénes , Paragh György , Harangi Mariann
Published: June 2019

Abstract:

Progranulin is a recently recognized multifunctional glycopeptide shown to be related to obesity and diabetes mellitus. Progranulin is an endogenous antagonist of tumor necrosis factor-α by competitively binding to its receptor, therefore, it exerts anti-inflammatory activity. Paradoxically, previous studies have shown that serum levels of progranulin were elevated in patients with diabetes and associated to its complications including micro- and macroangiopathies, macroalbuminuria or reduced renal function. Moreover, hyperprogranulinemia may be involved in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated insulin resistance. The review summarizes the currently available data on progranulin as a novel marker of the carbohydrate metabolism and inflammation. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(25): 973–979.
Cervicalis vertigo – létező kórkép vagy fikció?
Authors: Végh Ildikó , Harmat Kinga , Gerlinger Imre
Published: June 2019

Abstract:

The existence of cervical vertigo is still a question under debate. The basic hypothesis of the disease is that the abnormalities of the neck cause dizziness. The name itself is not accurate, as on the basis of the descriptions we cannot talk about true vertigo. The most common symptoms of cervical vertigo are cervical pain or discomfort, imbalance or dizziness and limitation of cervical movement. The origin of the disease is unclear. Based on the literature, there are four most accepted hypotheses: neurovascular, vascular, proprioceptive theory and migraine-associated cervicogenic vertigo. Of these, the neurovascular theory has already been discredited and its existence is clearly disproved. When diagnosing cervical vertigo, we always face the following difficulties: there is no diagnostic method specific to the disease, pathognomic clinical elements are unavailable, no clear therapeutic recommendation exists. The diagnosis of the disease requires the exclusion of alternatives, but the possibility of the existance of psychogenic vertigo causes further difficulties for the clinicians. Regarding the treatment, the combination of manual therapies and vestibular rehabilitation seems to be the most effective. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(25): 967–972.
A gluténmentesen táplálkozó fogyasztók életminősége. Magyarországi és romániai kérdőíves felmérés eredményei
Authors: Szűcs Viktória , Fazakas Zita , Farr AnaMaria , Tarcea Monica
Published: June 2019

Abstract:

Introduction and aim: With the rising consumer’s health awareness, especially towards patients with celiac disease, gluten has become a food ingredient to be avoided by many people expecting various positive health effects. The strict adherence of diet requires serious abandonments and lifestyle changes that affect directly their quality of life. The aim of the present study was to recognise the quality of life of Hungarian and Romanian consumers following a gluten-free diet as well as to explore the negative effects on them. Method: An online questionnaire survey was conducted upon 1155 Hungarian and Romanian respondents. Results: For gluten-free consumers, self-control was relatively easy to overcome, but their lifestyle was negatively affected by social events and dining out. In addition, diet adherence was a burden from both lifestyle and financial point of view. For Hungarian consumers, external factors such as price, choice, taste and availability of products had become a major obstacle, while Romanian ones were more likely to be affected by internal factors (product information, diet knowledge, lifestyle, self-control). Mandatory labelling of substances and products causing allergies and intolerances has achieved its purpose, as it has made it easier for consumers on diet to choose food and increased their confidence. Conclusions: The study points out that dieters’ quality of life can be enhanced not only by general actions (improving the preparedness of out-of-home meal services and rationalising the price of products), but also through country-specific community intervention. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(25): 980–986.
Szemfenéki angioid csíkok szisztémás betegségekben
Authors: Kriskó Dorottya , Popper-Sachetti Andrea , Sallai Ágnes , Sándor Gábor , Nagy Zoltán Zsolt , Szepessy Zsuzsanna
Published: June 2019

Abstract:

Angioid streaks are defined as the special morphological alteration of the fundus; the most common clinical manifestations are irregular, reddish brownish stripes around the optic nerve head or on the posterior pole. On the basis of histological examination, the cause of this phenomenon is the breaks and continuity deficiencies in the thin layer of Bruch membrane caused by the degeneration of elastic fibers. The aim of this study is to present the ocular complication of this rare entity through the description of three cases, and to draw attention to systemic diseases in the background. In our first and third cases, pseudoxanthoma elasticum (Grönblad–Strandberg syndrome) was in the background, while in our second case, hematological disease was confirmed. In our first and second cases, the ocular complication was the choroidal neovascularization, which we treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF injection. In our third case, the choroidal rupture was the ocular complication, caused by trauma. Angioid streaks on the fundus may be sub-phenomena of systemic diseases, the detection, differential diagnosis and treatment require interdisciplinary collaboration between associate physicians. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(25): 994–1000.
A D3-vitamin-szint és a betegség súlyossága közötti kapcsolat vizsgálata herediter angioödémában
Authors: Visy Beáta , Szilágyi Tamás , Kőhalmi Kinga Viktória , Veszeli Nóra , Varga Lilian , Imreh Éva , Farkas Henriette
Published: June 2019

Abstract:

Introduction: In recent years, many papers analyzed the relationship between serum vitamin D3 level and the frequency and activity of various diseases at least partially attributed to immune mechanisms. Aim: We looked for correlations among the number and location of edematous episodes occurring in patients with hereditary angioedema due to C1-inhibitor deficiency (C1-INH-HAE) and the quantity of the C1-inhibitor used for supplementation as well as the vitamin D3 levels of patients. Method: We measured vitamin D3 levels in 118 of the 175 C1-INH-HAE patients of the National Angioedema Reference Center during the winter–spring (n = 111) and the summer–autumn periods (n = 105) in 2013–2014. Complement levels and clinical data were extracted from the National Angioedema Registry and from patient diaries. Results: The proportion of vitamin D3 deficient patients (serum level <20 ng/ml) was approximately 59.5% during winter–spring, 27.6% in summer–autumn, and 23.5% during both periods. There was a significant difference between vitamin D3 serum levels measured in the winter–spring or in the summer–autumn months (p<0.0001). The same applies to the number of the vials of C1-inhibitor concentrate administered as acute treatment for angioedema attacks (p = 0.01). In any season, vitamin D3 level did not correlate with the number of attacks experienced by the patients during the given period or of the vials of C1-inhibitor concentrate administered. Conclusions: We could not demonstrate a relationship between vitamin D3 level and the frequency or location of edematous episodes in HAE patients. The need for treatment (as reflected by the number of the vials administered) was higher in the winter–spring period. As vitamin D3 deficiency was more severe than expected in our patients, supplementation is clearly necessary. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(25): 987–993.
The prognostic value of various markers of lower limb atherosclerotic lesions in patients with high and very high cardiovascular risk
Authors: Genkel V. V. , Shaposhnik I. I.
Published: June 2019

Aim. To study the prognostic significance of various markers of atherosclerosis of lower limb arteries (LLA) in patients at high and very high cardiovascular risk (CVR).

Methods. The study included 108 patients at high and very high CVR, the median age of which was 62.0 (55.7; 67.0) years. All patients underwent duplex scanning of the LLA, as well as measurement of the ankle-brachial index (ABI) by the Doppler method. The combined end point was cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction or unstable angina, requiring hospitalization, nonfatal stroke, coronary revascularization.

Results. Atherosclerotic plaques in LLA were detected in 69.4% of cases, while a decrease in ABI was detected in 22.2% of patients, and LLA stenosis more than 50% in 36.1%. The follow-up duration was 25.0 (14.5; 35.5) months. The adverse cardiovascular events occurred in 41 (37.9%) patients. According to the Cox regression results, the following indicators had an independent predictive value in relation to the development of adverse cardiovascular events: a decrease in ABI ≤0.9 (RR 2.23; 95% CI 1.01-4.94; p=0.048), LLA stenosis ≥40% (RR 3.17; 95% CI 1.27–7.92; p=0.013) and the presence of plaque in the popliteal arteries (RR 2.49; 95% CI 1.27–7.92; p=0.013).

Conclusion. In the group of patients at high and very high CVR, among ultrasonographic markers of lower limb arteriosclerosis, independent predictive value regarding the development of adverse cardiovascular events had a decrease in ABI ≤0.9, the presence of plaque in the popliteal arteries and LLA stenosis more than 40%.
Giant autovenous shunt aneurysm, hybrid treatment approach
Authors: Ilina L. N. , Galyautdinov D. M. , Vasilyev V. P. , Dzybinskaya E. V. , Vlasova E. E. , Kurbanov S. K. , Merkulov E. V. , Fedotenkov I. S. , Kurilina E. V. , Shiryaev A. A. , Akchurin R. S.
Published: June 2019

.
Severe hyperlipoproteinemia(a) as a factor of rapidly progressive coronary artery disease in a young woman with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Chubykina U. V. , Afanasieva O. I. , Khachatryan N. T. , Kukava N. G. , Vasiliev V. P. , Ezhov M. V.
Published: June 2019

.
PATIENTS COMPLAINTS ABOUT DOCTORS. ARE THEY ALWAYS JUSTIFIED?
Authors: Likhterman L. B.
Published: June 2019

.
INDIVIDUAL PLANNING OF SUPRAORBITAL KEYHOLE APPROACHES FOR PATIENTS WITH INTRA- AND EXTRACRANIAL TUMORS
Authors: Dzhindzhikhadze R. S. , Dreval О. N. , Lazarev V. А. , Salyamova E. I. , Polyakov А. V. , Sadikov Sh. М. , Bezhin P. V.
Published: June 2019

The study objectiveis to generalize the basic principles of the individual preoperative planning in surgery of extra- and intraaxial brain tumors of the frontal lobe and anterior cranial fossa via eyebrow supraorbital keyhole approach.Materials and methods.In 2014–2018, we treated 40 patients with different tumors (meningiomas, gliomas, metastasis) through an eyebrow supraorbital keyhole craniotomy (in F.I. Inozemtsev City Clinical Hospital, Moscow Healthcare Department). Computed tomographyand magnetic resonance imaging with enhancement were performed to evaluate location and size of the tumor, relation to the approach-related anatomical structures (size and location of frontal sinus, pneumatization of the anterior clinoid process, depth of olfactory groove) and individual facial anatomy.Results.Gross total removal of the intraaxial tumors was achieved in 69 %, near-total removal in 31 %. The cranial base meningiomas were removed by Simpson II in 23 (96 %) patients, Simpson III in 1 (2.5 %) patient. A breach of frontal sinus was performed in 2 (5 %)patients. There were no cerebrospinal fluid leakage, infection, hemorrhage, morbidity and mortality.Conclusion.Keyhole surgery for patients with large intracranial tumors requires a thorough preoperative assessment of individual anatomical features, which is necessary to plan an optimal route, reduce the risk of injuries to other structures (not related to the surgical target), as well as the frequency of complications. These principles ensure high efficacy and safety of surgical treatment.
REMOVAL OF SUPRASELLAR MENINGIOMAS VIA THE TRANSCILIARY SUPRAORBITAL APPROACH
Authors: Puzakov N. S. , Cherebillo V. Yu. , Polezhaev A. V. , Gavrilov G. V. , Ognev P. V. , Kurnukhina M. Yu.
Published: June 2019

The study objective is to compare the outcomes of surgeries performed via the transciliary supraorbital approach and traditional lateral supraorbital approach in patients with suprasellar meningiomas. Material and methods. The experimental group included 17 patients (8 males and 9 females aged between 38 and 67 years (mean age 48.7 ± 5.9 years)) with meningotheliomatous meningiomas (size between 15 and 46 mm (mean size 24.5 ± 5.7 mm) that underwent surgery via the transciliary supraorbital approach. All surgeries were performed by one surgeon. The control group included 20 patients (10 males and 10 females) that underwent surgery via the lateral supraorbital approach. These surgeries were also performed by one surgeon. The 2 groups were matched for size and location of meningiomas. We compared the extent of surgery, frequency of complications, severity of cosmetic defects, and other parameters between the groups. Preoperative examination, microsurgical removal of the tumor, anesthesia, and postoperative management were the same in both groups. Results. We observed no differences in the extent of surgery, frequency of complaints, complications, and neurological status between participants in the experimental and control groups. There were no deaths in either group. Patients that underwent surgery via the transciliary supraorbital approach had lower blood loss than those who underwent surgery via the lateral supraorbital approach (145 ± 18 mL vs 186 ± 24 mL). The duration of surgery was also lower in the experimental group than in the control group (145 ± 24 min vs 167 ± 32 min). Cosmetic outcomes were evaluated using the Cosmetic Visual Analogue Scale. Participants in the experimental group had higher score (>90) than controls (2 patients reported scores of 70 and 80). Possible negative effects of the transciliary supraorbital approach include the risk of scarring in the eyebrow area, skin numbness in the frontal area, paralysis of the frontalis muscle, and the need for more accurate preoperative markings using neuronavigation. Conclusion. In general, the therapeutic effect of surgeries via the transciliary supraorbital and lateral supraorbital approaches do not differ. However, the use of the transciliary supraorbital approach allowed smaller incisions (in both skin and dura mater) and smaller trepanation holes (and as a result minimal displacement of brain structures during surgery). It also ensured lower blood loss and duration of surgery and improved the cosmetic effect. The decision on the surgical approach should be based on tumor characteristics with the consideration of patient’s opinion.
CURRENTLY AVAILABLE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS FOR LOWER CERVICAL SPINE INJURIES. PART 2. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF STUDIES ON THE RELIABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY OF EXISTING SCALES
Authors: Grin А. А. , Lvov I. S. , Arakelyan S. L. , Talypov А. E. , Kordonsky А. Yu. , Sytnik А. V. , Abdukhalikov B. А. , Khushnazarov U. G. , Karanadze V. А. , Krylov V. V.
Published: June 2019

The study objective is to review the Russian and foreign studies and to identify an optimal classification system for lower cervical spine injuries. Materials and methods. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). We conducted a search for articles published in English (PubMed database) and Russian (eLIBRARY.ru). The inclusion criteria were as follows: available full text, patient age ≥18 years, and information on one of the validation phases for classifications according to L. Audige et al. Results. A total of 30 articles were eligible. Of them, 3 studies were published in Russian (by one group of authors); however, they didn’t contain required statistical parameters and had duplicated data; therefore, they were excluded from the analysis. Out of 27 articles published in English, 8 articles met all the criteria and were included into the systematic review. The AOSpine and Subaxial Injury Classification Systems demonstrated the highest reliability and reproducibility of the results. The Allen–Fergusson classification has lower intraobserver and interobserver agreement coefficients, but it can give a clearer visual representation of injuries. We also assessed J. Harris classification system. The reliability of the scale developed by С. Argenson et al. was not evaluated. The analyzed publications contained no data for full evaluation of the Cervical Spine Injury Severity Score. Our analysis clearly demonstrated the need for a more thorough evaluation of all available scales and classifications. This study should be multicenter and involve experts with different levels of experience (from residents to experienced spinal surgeons). Moreover, it should analyze not only the reproducibility of individual classifications, but also the aspects of learning and the relationship between individual scales and systems. The main study limitations included insufficient number of publications, small sample sizes, heterogeneity of groups, and differences in the experience of experts. Conclusion. The AOSpine and Subaxial Injury Classification Systems are the most reliable classification systems. However, the data available in literature is not sufficient for a full comparison of all existing scales and systems. Further multicenter studies on the reliability of classifications are needed to select an optimal one.
REMOVING A RETROSELLAR PITUITARY ADENOMA VIA THE ENDOSCOPIC ENDONASAL TRANSSPHENOIDAL TRANSCAVERNOUS APPROACH
Authors: Sharipov О. I. , Kutin M. A. , Kalinin P. L.
Published: June 2019

The study objective is to describe the removal of the pituitary adenoma from the posterior cranial fossa through endoscopic transsphenoidal trans-cavernous approach, when the main surgical corridor was the tumor-intact cavernous sinus. Materials and methods. A 55-year-old male patient with endosupraretrosellar endocrine-inactive pituitary adenoma was admitted to N.N. Burdenko Research Center of Neurosurgery. The patient had earlier undergone two surgeries for pituitary adenoma. Using the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach, we found that these surgeries resulted in the formation of scar-altered adipose tissue in the sphenoid sinus and partly in the sella turcica; anatomical landmarks indicating the midline and the location of the internal carotid arteries were absent. We formed an access to both retro- and suprasellar portions of the tumor between the sella turcica and cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery (through the cavernous sinus); then we dissected anterior and posterior walls of the sinus and revealed a soft capsule-free pituitary adenoma, which was completely removed by a vacuum aspirator. The skull base defect was repaired using the multilayer technique with autologous tissues. Results. After surgery, neurological status and visual functions did not change. In the postoperative period, we observed no oculomotor disorders, pituitary insufficiency, diabetes insipidus, or nasal liquorrhea. Follow-up computed tomography scans revealed no signs of intracranial complications or obvious residual tumor tissue. Magnetic resonance imaging 4 month postoperatively demonstrated small laterosellar fragments of the tumor in the sella turcica. The patient was further followed up. Conclusion. Cavernous sinus is a natural anatomical corridor providing access to the structures of the posterior cranial fossa and interpeduncular cistern. The main risk (damage to the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery) can be minimized by using intraoperative dopplerography and visual control of all manipulations.
ENDOSCOPIC INTRAVENTRICULAR HEMORRHAGE REMOVAL: CLINICAL OBSERVATION AND TECHNICAL FEATURES
Authors: Godkov I. M. , Dashyan V. G.
Published: June 2019

The study objective is to describe a successful endoscopic therapy for a patient with hypertensive ventricular hemorrhage complicated by occlusive third ventricular hydrocephalus. Materials and methods. A 71-year-old patient with hypertensive hemorrhage into the III and IV ventricles, complicated by non-communicating hydrocephalus, was brought to hospital on the 1st day of the disease onset. Non-communicating hydrocephalus was accompanied by clinical signs of decompensation, depressed level of consciousness up to moderate coma (Glasgow Coma Scale score of 7). Specialists performed emergency endoscopic aspiration of blood clots from the III and IV ventricles and third ventriculostomy. Results. Endoscopically it was possible to remove the clots from the third ventricle and through the cerebral aqueduct from the fourth ventricle. Resuscitation and intensive care measures resulted in a favorable outcome: the patient was released with a moderate neurological deficit – left oculomotor nerve dysfunction. After 4 months, the patient required a ventriculoperitoneal shunt due to disresponsive form of hydrocephalus. Conclusion. Endoscopic aspiration allows removing hematomas from the third and fourth ventricles via the lateral ventricle effectively and safely.
СLINICAL ASPECTS, DIAGNOSTICS AND MICROSURGICAL TREATMENT OF SPINAL DURAL ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULAS (LECTURE)
Authors: Evzikov G. Yu. , Parfenov V. А. , Farafontov А. V. , Kuchuk P. V. , Kondrashin S. А. , Sinitsin V. Е.
Published: June 2019

The lecture is dedicated to spinal dural arteriovenous fistula – infrequent disorder which not well known among wide range of neurosurgeons. The findings on etiology, clinic and treatment are presented.
REGENERATIVE TREATMENT OF SPINAL CORD INJURY. LITERATURE REVIEW. PART 1
Authors: Smirnov V. А. , Grin А. А. , Krylov V. V.
Published: June 2019

Treating traumatic spinal cord injuries is one of the most complicated and relevant problems in the modern medicine. In the vast majority of cases spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to persistent disability, with medical, social and economic consequences ensuing for the patient, the family and the state. Modern SCI therapy has a very limited effectiveness and does not allow to sufficiently restore the lost functions of central nervous system. Regenerative methods and particularly cell therapy are very promising to effectively treat SCI. The review highlights SCI epidemiological and pathogenetic problems, existing therapy, as well as promising methods of regenerative therapy. We emphasize the results of preclinical and clinical studies in the field of cell therapy. The review is divided into 4 parts. Part 1 describes SCI epidemiology and pathogenesis as well as its surgical, physical and pharmacological treatment.
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF MRI-NEGATIVE EPILEPSY (A REVIEW)
Authors: Trifonov I. S. , Kordonskaya O. O. , Sinkin M. V. , Grigorieva E. V.
Published: June 2019

Removal of epileptogenic lesions is an effective way to treat patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. The result of surgical treatment depends on the correct detection of pathology, definition of its boundaries. No lesion on magnetic resonance imaging is not a contraindication to surgical treatment, but requires a survey. Each of the additional methods has its advantages and disadvantages. Сomprehensive examination, analysis and comparison of positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, magnetoencephalography, scalp and invasive electroencephalography data can significantly improve the results of surgical treatment MRI-negative epilepsy patients. Clarification of the pre-surgical evaluation algorithm will allow to optimize the use of techniques.
“BONNET” BYPASS IN BRAIN REVASCULARISATION
Authors: Lukyanchikov V. А. , Staroverov M. S.
Published: June 2019

The article describes the “bonnet” bypass, the type of extracranial-intracranial bypass. This technique is performed when ipsilateral arteries can’t be used as a donor when cerebral revascularization is required. The literature was analyzed and three main techniques of “bonnet” have been defined. The indications for performing “bonnet” bypass are determined, and the disadvantages are indicated. Alternative methods of revascularization are presented and technical details of graft protection are described. The “bonnet” bypass is a rare and laborious technique of cerebral revascularisation. However, it is an alternative and effective method of treatment to prevent serious ischemic disorders.
HYPOTHALAMIC HAMARTOMA. LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Grigoriev А. Yu. , Sinkin М. V. , Grigorieva Е. V. , Trifonov I. S.
Published: June 2019

The study objectiveis to analyze scientific literature on hypothalamic hamartomas’ diagnostics and treatment.Materials and methods.We studied 90 scientific sources, published between 1948 and 2019.Results.The paper describes clinical picture of hypothalamic hamartomas, their various classifications, specificity of neuroimaging and neurophysiological diagnostics and pathomorphological research, the surgical treatment.Conclusion.Transnasal resection is a promising and noninvasive method to treat hypothalamic hamartomas of IV and V types by J. Régis classification. According to the scientific literature, stereotactic destruction can be used to resect hamartomas of I–IV types; types II and III require endoscopic transventricular approach, while types IV and V can be resected using endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal approach.
Dictionary, Translation and Chinese Language in Domingo Fernández de Navarrete
Authors: Busquets Alemany Anna
Published: June 2019

One of the essential elements of the much-admired accommodation of the Jesuits was their dedication to the study of the Chinese language. However, this orientation is not exclusively to the Jesuits. The other religious orders also showed the same orientation from the first moment. Although following the imperial guidelines of Nebrija evangelization should be done in Spanish, the friars who left for America and Asia were focused from the first moment to learn the local languages. Following the line of sixteenthcentury Mexican dictionaries and languages, the translation of texts between Spanish and Chinese already had a clear representation in the Philippine Islands with the work of Juan Cobo. Throughout the XVII several vocabularies, grammars and language arts would appear while the work of the Dominican Domingo Fernández de Navarrete would include a very brief dictionary. This interest of mendicants by the local languages would culminate in the work of the Dominican Francisco Varo. Starting from the original sources —manuscripts and printed— of the seventeenth century, this communication will analyze in detail the linguistic accommodation of the mendicant orders with special emphasis on the Franciscans and the Dominicans.
The Image of the Interpreter in the First Sino-Spanish Contacts (16th Century)
Authors: Béguelin-Argimón Victoria
Published: June 2019

The earliest Spanish travelers in China coming from the Philippines (16th century), not being able to communicate in Chinese, have to trust interpreters who, very often and for the most diverse reasons, do not always carry out their work with the expected fidelity. These interpreters, beyond being mere translators, also function as guides, as informants about the territory and, above all, as cultural mediators. The first documents on Sino-Spanish contacts, especially Rada’s, Loarca’s, Tordesillas’, and Sánchez’ travel accounts, written between 1575 and 1583, allow to catch a glimpse of the interpreters’ identity, their social and geographical origin, their linguistic and cultural skills, their various tasks in mediation as well as the difficulties
they have to deal with in their work. The documents also allow to perceive the need for the first missionaries to learn Chinese and their very first attempts to do so.
A Research on the Copies and the Author of the Philippine-Published Chinese Incunabula: Symbol of Faith
Authors: Yin Xiao
Published: June 2019

The Spanish Dominican Thomas Mayor published his Symbol of Faith in Chinese Language (Gewu Qiongli Bianlan) in 1607 Philippines. This article studies its present copies conserved in different libraries around the world indicated in earlier reports. It will also try to bring forward some new points of view about several debatable questions on the biography and the publications of this Spanish Dominican author through a thorough study of the archives about him dating up to the beginning of the seventeenth century, as well as all the discovered Philippine-published Chinese Incunabula in the present.
Problems in the Translation of Phraseologisms in Bilingual Dictionaries Spanish-Chinese / Chinese-Spanish
Authors: Xiaoxiao Lyu
Published: June 2019

The phraseology is part of the linguistic studies on phrases, proverbs, idioms, proverbs and other units of syntax totally or partially fixed. It is the reflection of a certain tradition and idiosyncrasy of society. The native speaker recognizes the phraseological units in the praxis of speech without difficulty. However, because of their idiomaticity and the sociocultural divergence between two linguistic communities, Spanish sayings and expressions cannot always be understood by the Chinese speakers. Students of Spanish as a foreign language have difficulty recognizing the non-literal meaning of an expression, the use of this type of expression in language teaching develops communicative competence, linguistics competence, sociolinguistics and pragmatics competence. Then, when producing a bilingual dictionary, it is not enough to translate it into the target language, but rather to contrast the two languages in order to inform non-native speakers of unknown elements, such as historical and cultural backgrounds, uses, and their frequency of application, variants, etc.
Teaching of Classical Chinese Prose under Bilingual Environment in Singapore
Authors: Jia Li
Published: June 2019

The teaching of classical Chinese prose in Singapore involves challenges peculiar to the bilingual environment, which suggest a need for new strategies based on a crucial recognition of the difference between teaching literature and teaching language. The paper argues for a key pedagogical approach based on the teaching of literary aspects in ancient prose with the help of problem-based learning. This would also involve systematic classification in order to consolidate different strategies suited for different types of Classical Chinese Prose. These strategies include mind mapping, five thinking hats and so on.Through an approach of problem-based learning, one may motivate students to explore ancient articles more enthusiastically, foster their critical thinking and creative ability, thereby enhancing cognitive ability, and increasing their interest in learning ancient articles. Through the reading, understanding and analysis of subtle words, one may improve on students’ ability in literary appreciation, and prompt them to explore more sophisticated interpretation, thereby enhancing their cultivation in the humanities.
Treason by Bilingualism? Xenophobia, Clique, and the Impeachment of Yu Jing
Authors: Yue Isaac
Published: June 2019

A gifted linguist, diplomat, and negotiator, Yu Jing (1000-1064) is uniquely qualified among Northern Song officials in his extensive knowledge of Khitan language and culture. At a time when Liao-Song relationship was at its most contentious, the advantage of having an official who could communicate fluently in both languages cannot be overstated. However, according to official history, not only did his bilingualism not endear him to the court, it aroused constant suspicion and led to his eventual impeachment, which occurred after he composed a poem in the Khitan language and presented it to the Emperor of the Liao State as a token of gratitude. The purpose of this paper is to reexamine the cause of Yu Jing’s indictment in the context of political machination. By contextualizing his composition of the Poem in the Language of the Barbarian and subsequent impeachment within the politics of the court, my goal is to supplement, even challenge, our above conventional acceptance of xenophobia as the sole cause of Yu’s downfall. In doing so, I hope to point out the potential flaw of our current understanding of Song diplomacy as guilelessly dictated by its inferiority complex and0xenophobic sentiments.
Biçim Odaklı Öğretim Modeline Göre Yabancı Dil Olarak Türkçe Öğretimi
Authors: SALTIK Olcay , PİLANCI Hülya
Published: June 2019

İnsanlar arasında iletişimi sağlayan dillerin oldukça karmaşık bir yapısı vardır.  Bu karmaşık yapı, özellikle yabancı dil öğrenme sırasında ortaya çıkmaktadır. Dil öğrenenlerde hedef dildeki girdi, hem anlam hem de biçim açısından aynı anda işlenmektedir. Bunun tam olarak sağlanabilmesi için öğretim malzemelerinde zenginleştirilmiş bir içerik kullanılması zorunlu olmaktadır. Dili kavrayarak öğrenmek,  hedef dilde yeterli düzeyde dil bilgisinin yanı sıra dili kullanım bilgisine de sahip olmakla mümkündür. Ayrıca dil öğrenme sürecinde, etkileşim noktasının hayatla bağlantılı olması ve seçilen temaların içeriğinin zengin, dilbilgisi ögelerini kullanmaya elverişli olması gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle dil öğretim programları için hazırlanan öğrenme araçları çok boyutlu bir yaklaşımla hazırlanmalıdır. Bu çalışmada, Türkçenin yabancı dil olarak öğretimi için, literatür taramasıyla elde edilen içerik alanlarına uygun içerik odaklı girdiler Heuristik yaklaşımla belirlenmiştir.
CONDICIONES LABORALES DEL PERSONAL DE ENFERMERÍA EN UNA CLÍNICA DE ALTA COMPLEJIDAD EN VALLEDUPAR
Authors: Orcasita Almarales Ayleen Paola , Ovalle Yaguna Lisbeth
Published: June 2019

Introducción: Las condiciones laborales que debe afrontar el personal de enfermería, en muchos casos repercuten negativamente en la salud de estos y en la calidad de atención ofrecida; por cuanto unas buenas condiciones laborales facilitan la adaptación al lugar de trabajo y el desarrollo adecuado de las funciones. Objetivo: Determinar las condiciones laborales del personal de enfermería en una clínica de alta complejidad en Valledupar. Metodología: Estudio realizado fue descriptivo y de corte transversal, el cual permitió determinar las características de las condiciones laborales de una muestra de 171 enfermeras, de una clínica de alta complejidad en Valledupar. Resultados: Se encontró que las condiciones de trabajo en términos de seguridad son adecuadas para el desarrollo de las funciones de estas enfermeras; sin embargo, en términos de salud, se considera que aspectos relacionados a la remuneración, al poco reconocimiento profesional y percepción de trabajo monótono que tienen estas, conlleva a una insatisfacción laboral y exposición a riesgos psicológicos. Discusión: Estos resultados coinciden con afirmaciones presentadas en el contexto latinoamericano y nacional, evidenciándose problemáticas aún más graves derivadas de la inadecuada intervención de estos aspectos. Conclusiones: Las condiciones laborales del personal de enfermería permiten inferir que existen garantías para el desarrollo de funciones con un bajo nivel de riesgos. Sin embargo, las condiciones remunerativas no permiten al trabajador cumplir una función satisfactoria. Lo que hace necesario la implementación de acciones hacia los componentes individuales y extra laborales que permitan mantener un equilibrio personal y profesional, en aras de fomentar un equilibrio emocional y una atención con calidad.
INFECCIÓN URINARIA GESTACIONAL COMO FUENTE DE COMPLICACIONES PERINATALES Y PUERPERALES
Authors: Rodríguez Barraza Wendy Carolina
Published: June 2019

La infección en la mujer gestante ha demostrado ser una situación de alto riesgo, para el desarrollo y correcto desenlace de la gestación. La proliferación de los diferentespatógenos que se asientan o llegan a colonizar el tracto urinario, sea que se conviertan en una entidad clínica sintomática o no, pueden terminar en complicaciones evitables para el binomio madre-hijo. Con la siguiente revisión se pretende considerar la evidencia disponible acerca de las características y participación de la infección urinaria en la génesis de complicaciones perinatales y puerperales.
Implementation of RF Band-Pass Filter on UMTS Systems to Improve Quality of Service
Authors: Gunantara Nyoman , Adi Surya Antara Made , Dewi Wirastuti NMAE
Published: June 2019

A large number of cellular operators in an area causes high interference effects. One indicator is the problem with received total wideband power (RTWP) found in a universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS). High RTWP is one of the causes of a decrease in the quality of service (QoS) in cellular communication networks. To solve this problem, an RF band-pass filter device can be implemented on a UMTS system, where RF band-pass filters have been designed and tested in previous studies. In this research, the RF band-pass filter was installed between the BTS node and bottom jumper. After implementing it, QoS measurements with the Huawei M2000 application and Drive Test were carried out. The QoS analysis included RTWP, Circuit-Switched access rate, Packet-Switched access rate, and Received Signal Code Power (RSCP) value. The results show that the RTWP value decreases, while the CS access rate, PS access rate, and RSCP value increase. These results indicate that QoS on the UMTS increases.
De la difficulté d’hériter en histoire
Authors: Goyette Julien
Published: June 2019

Le relativisme des interprétations, le culte de l’originalité et le déni des prédécesseurs constituent les principaux empêchements au transfert des héritages en histoire. Du point de vue épistémologique, lorsqu’elles sont exacerbées, les postures objectivistes et relativistes agissent également comme des freins à la communication entre les générations d’historiens. À la lumière des enseignements de Thomas Kuhn, il semble pourtant que l’histoire, à l’instar des autres sciences, exige un « mode de pensée convergente ». Sous les oppositions de surface, on peut ainsi distinguer certaines figures de la permanence, notamment à travers les philosophies de l’histoire et ce que Fernand Dumont appelle une « mémoire d’intention ». Abstract The relativism of interpretations, the cult of originality and the denial of predecessors constitute the main obstacles to the transfer of heritages of history. From a epistemologic point of view, when exacerbated, the objectivist and relativist positions equally contribute to refrain the communication between the generations of historians. According to Thomas Kuhn’s teachings, it’s seems therefore that history, like all others sciences, require a « convergent approach ». Beyond superficial oppositions, we can consequently distinguish figures of permanency, notably through the philosophy of history and what Fernand Dumont qualifies as a « mémoire d’intention ».
La dissidence comme esthétique d’affiliation
Authors: Caumartin Anne
Published: June 2019

Cet article examine le lien, souvent occulté, entre la notion de rupture idéologique entretenue par différentes générations intellectuelles et celle de filiation. Au-delà d’une posture du commencement affichée dans les textes d’intention de trois importantes revues québécoises du XXe siècle (La Relève, Cité libre, Liberté), on verra dans quelle mesure l’idée d’héritage semble indépassable, comment s’opère en somme le glissement entre la stricte succession qui se veut de l’ordre de la différenciation et le travail d’affiliation. Abstract This article examines the too often neglected relationship between the notion of ideological rupture supported by different generations and the notion of filiation. Besides the marked on-set posture displayed in the inaugural articles of three important Québec journals of the twentieth century (La Relève, Cité libre, Liberté), we will see how persistent is the idea of heritage and how the strict sequence acting as a differentiation mechanism is intertwined with a process of affiliation.
Beckett’s Sacrifice of Archaic Theatre on the Altar of Modernism
Authors: Sidnell Michael J.
Published: June 2019

Moderniste dans l’âme, Beckett doute trop du concept de la cohérence et de la continuité du soi pour l’accepter comme base d’expression artistique, mais il affirme néanmoins avec force la réalité des souffrances du soi, même si celui-ci est illusoire. Ses tentatives de situer ses premiers textes simultanément à l’extérieur et à l’intérieur du soi se sont heurtées à des impasses stylistiques. Lancé dans le théâtre, Beckett a forgé ses technologies scéniques, les conventionnelles comme les nouvelles, en une poétique théâtrale révolutionnaire lui permettant d’exprimer le « pas moi ». Son approche implacable du théâtre a coûté cher aux interprètes, comme Beckett l’a reconnu lui-même pour Catastrophe. Abstract Like other modernists, Beckett rejected the supposed coherence and continuity of the self as a foundation of artistic expression but affirmed the actuality of the torments of a possibly-delusory selfhood. His early attempts to situate his writing simultaneously inside and outside selfhood were vexed by stylistic impasses. But stumbling into theatre, Beckett forged its existing technologies and new ones into a revolutionary, technologically-based theatre poetics, through which to express the “Not I”. This effort demanded ruthlessness and came at high cost to theatre artists, as Beckett acknowledged fully in his Catastrophe.
Beauchemin-Beaulieu devant Melville et Joyce: l'image oratoire en miroir
Authors: Dupont Caroline
Published: June 2019

Dans nombre de ses biographies imaginaires, parmi lesquelles Monsieur Melville (1978) et James Joyce, l’Irlande, le Québec, les mots (2006) occupent une place de choix, Victor-Lévy Beaulieu se dote d’une posture d’écrivain singulière en construisant un double fictionnel à son image, Abel Beauchemin, chargé de jouer le rôle de son créateur en poursuivant le projet intellectuel de ce dernier, celui d’une quête de l’écriture et de l’être québécois, mais aussi d’une connaissance de soi et du monde par la lecture-écriture. À la faveur d’extraits du Melville et du Joyce, ouvrages qui réfléchissent (sur) la lecture et l’écriture tout en mettant en scène leurs processus croisés, cet article se propose de cerner l’image particulière qu’Abel Beauchemin, le personnage-narrateur, construit de lui-même dans son discours, afin de montrer en quoi la représentation de soi que constitue l’ethos oratoire participe d’une stratégie de persuasion quelque peu détournée, grâce à laquelle il s’agit en quelque sorte, selon l’expression d’Aaron Kibédi-Varga, de « diriger les passions ».AbstractIn several of his imaginary biographies, among which Monsieur Melville (1978) and James Joyce, l’Irlande, le Québec, les mots (2006) are particularly important, Victor-Lévy Beaulieu adopts a singular writer’s posture by constructing a fictional double, Abel Beauchemin, who plays the role of his creator carrying out his intellectual quest for writing and for the Québécois soul, as well as for a knowledge of self and of the world through reading/writing. By way of excerpts from Melville and from Joyce, works that reflect on reading and writing and on the intricate relationship between the two, this article aims to define the image that Abel Beauchemin, the narrator, proposes of himself. In so doing, we intend to demonstrate that the representation of the self through the discourse ethos is part of an indirect strategy of persuasion whose function is, as Aaron Kibédi-Varga’s would say, to “steer the reader’s passions”.
Jean-Benoît Puech est-il un auteur sans œuvre?
Authors: Aubut Maryse
Published: June 2019

Jean-Benoît Puech écrit pour la première fois à Louis-René des Forêts vers l’âge de vingt ans. Lorsque qu’il tente de publier, vingt ans plus tard, le journal de sa relation avec l’écrivain, celui-ci s’y oppose fermement, jugeant le portrait peu conforme à l’original. Jean-Benoît Puech trouve finalement dans la fiction un moyen de contourner ce refus en créant un double de lui-même, Benjamin Jordane, et en lui attribuant son propre journal, qu’il intitule L’apprentissage du roman (1993). Dépossédé momentanément de la paternité de son journal, Jean-Benoît Puech se constitue, véritablement, comme un auteur sans œuvre, et trouve peut-être en lui-même ce modèle d’écrivain mythique qu’il voulait voir en Louis-René des Forêts.AbstractJean-Benoît Puech wrote for the first time to Louis-René des Forêts when he was twenty years old. When he wanted to publish, twenty years later, the diary of his relationship with the author, Louis-René des Forêts refused to give his agreement to this project, because he considered that it depicted an unfaithful portrait of himself. Jean-Benoît Puech finally found in fiction a way to get around this problem by creating a double of himself, named Benjamin Jordane, and by giving him the responsibility of this diary, entitled L’apprentissage du roman (1993). Temporarily dispossessed of the authorship of his diary, Jean-Benoît Puech thus became an author without any literary work, perhaps finding in himself the model of the mythical writer he wanted to see in Louis-René des Forêts.
Petite introduction à une lecture de Gyroscope de Michel Butor
Authors: Desoubeaux Henri
Published: June 2019

Toute lecture de Gyroscope, livre-labyrinthe s’il en est, nécessite, pour en faire une analyse plus poussée, un premier déchiffrement des divers éléments que sont les montages-textes qui le composent. C’est à cette tâche que cet article s’emploie. À la lueur de ce premier travail, il apparaît que de très nombreuses citations, autocitations, réécritures, répétitions, reprises, « imitations », variations, se combinant avec la physique particulière de l’ouvrage, sont partout à l’œuvre. En même temps qu’à un voyage tout autour de la Terre, c’est à un voyage à travers la Bibliothèque que le lecteur est convié.AbstractAny reading of Gyroscope, a maze-book, is incomplete without a first overview of the different literary building-blocks on which this work is fashioned. Any researcher should probably know this overview before carrying out a sound analysis. The following article is designed to describe this process. This first assignment shows that the work itself is constructed around numerous quotations, auto-quotations, re-writings, re-workings, “imitations” and variations. The reader soon realizes that this work is both a voyage around the Earth and a trip through a library.