bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultra-low power in-sensor neuronal computing with oscillatory retinal neurons for frequency-multiplexed, parallel machine vision
Authors: Ahsan Ragib , Chae Hyun Uk , Jalal Seyedeh Atiyeh Abbasi , Tao Jun , Das Subrata , Liu Hefei , Wu Jiang-Bin , Cronin Stephen , Wang Han , Sideris Constantine , Kapadia Rehan
Published: June 2023

In-sensor and near-sensor computing architectures enable multiply-accumulate operations to be carried out directly at the point of sensing. In-sensor architectures offer dramatic power and speed improvements over traditional von Neumann architectures by eliminating multiple analog-to-digital conversions, data storage, and data movement operations. Current in-sensor processing approaches rely on tunable sensors or additional weighting elements to perform linear functions such as multiply-accumulate operations as the sensor acquires data. We implement in-sensor computing with an oscillatory retinal neuron device that converts incident optical signals into voltage oscillations. We introduce a computing scheme based on the frequency shift of coupled oscillators that enables parallel, frequency multiplexed, non-linear operations on the inputs. Simulation elucidates how this computing occurs. We experimentally implement a 3×3 focal plane array of coupled neurons and show that functions approximating edge detection, thresholding, and segmentation occur in parallel. An example of inference on handwritten digits from the MNIST database is also experimentally demonstrated with a 3×3 array of coupled neurons feeding into a single hidden layer neural network, approximating a liquid state machine. This network demonstrated a 14.8% reduction in classification error from 2.16% to 1.84% compared to the same neural network with standard photodetector inputs. Finally, the equivalent energy consumption to carry out image processing operations, including peripherals such as the Fourier transform circuits, is projected to be ~24 aJ/OP.
Annexin A2 Promotes Epiretinal Membrane Formation and Subsequent Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy in Response to a Macrophage Inflammatory Signal in Mice
Authors: Luo Min , Almeida Dena , Dallacasagrande Valentina , Hedhli Nadia , Gupta Mrinali , D'Amico Donald , Kiss Szilard , Hajjar Katherine
Published: June 2023

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a chronic, fibrosing, vision-threatening response to retinal injury that occurs in approximately half of individuals with penetrating ocular trauma, as well as in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment or giant retinal tear. Current treatment for this common cause of post-traumatic blindness, remains unsatisfactory. Here, we show for the first time that the PVR reaction is profoundly blunted in a standard model system in annexin A2-deficient mice. We identify a new pathway whereby secretion of macrophage chemokines (macrophage inflammatory proteins, [MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta]) signal the translocation of annexin A2 from the cytoplasm to the cell surface of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPEs). Surface expression of A2 enables RPEs to activate surface proteases that allow them to delaminate, migrate to the vitreal surface of the retinal, and begin to secrete epiretinal membrane-forming proteins. RPE cell migration is markedly reduced in the injured retina in annexin A2-deficient mice, and antibody blockade of A2 appears to prevent PVR in wild type mice. We conclude that A2 may be a tractable, intraocular target for the prevention of PVR following eye injury.
Estimating Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity with an Automatic Infiltration Data Logger for BEST Algorithm
Authors: Baqerkhani Alireza , Abyaneh Hamid Zare , Bahmani Omid , Nozari Hamed
Published: June 2023

This article explains how a novel device called an automated infiltration data logger was designed, calibrated, and tested in the BEST algorithm. The purpose of this study is to compare data retrieval automatically and manually and its effect on the output results of BEST algorithms. This device is being used to monitor the cumulative infiltration curve into the soil from a ring with a constantpressure water head regulated by a capacitive level gauge, it stores all the information about the water infiltration curve vs. time. The significant advantage of the mentioned device is that it saves electronics. The trial test of the device was done at Shahid Chamran Research Farm in Kermanshah province, Iran. The saturated hydraulic conductivity was calculated using BEST methods and cumulative infiltration curves. A comparison was also performed between the manual technique and the automatic data logger infiltrometer method for extracting cumulative infiltration data. So that the average standard difference in BEST algorithms in the manual method is equal to 38.9 and in the automatic data collection method is equal to 6.1 percent. The automated data logger infiltrometer prevents soil surface disturbance and calculates positive hydraulic conductivity values by providing a constant water head on the soil surface. Other advantages of this device include improving measurement speed reducing the duration of water penetration in the soil into smaller intervals, enhancing data collecting accuracy, and not needing a professional operator.
Feasibility of an early progressive resistance exercise program for acute Achilles tendon rupture
Authors: Christensen Marianne , Silbernagel Karin Grävare , Zellers Jennifer A , Kjær Inge Lunding , Rathleff Michael Skovdal
Published: June 2023

Background
Long-term strength deficits are common after Achilles tendon ruptures. Early use of progressive resistance exercises may help reduce strength deficits, but the feasibility of this approach is unknown. The aim was to investigate the feasibility of early progressive resistance exercises regarding patient acceptability and compliance with the intervention.
Methods
We recruited patients with an acute Achilles tendon rupture treated non-surgically. During 9 weeks of immobilisation with a walking boot, participants attended weekly supervised physiotherapy sessions of progressive resistance exercises and performed home exercises, consisting of isometric ankle plantarflexion, seated heel-rise, and elastic band exercises. Acceptability was evaluated using a 7-point Likert scale (1=very unacceptable and 7=very acceptable) with feasibility threshold at 80% of the participants rating ≥4. Adherence to the exercises was defined as 80% of the participants performing at least 50% of the home exercises. During the intervention, tendon healing and adverse events were monitored.
Results
16 participants [mean age 46 (range 28-61), male/female = 13/3] completed the intervention. Pre-injury Achilles tendon total rupture score was 98 (SD 8). All participants rated the acceptability of the exercises ≥5 (moderate acceptable to very acceptable) at 9- and 13-weeks follow-up and 9/16 rated 7 points (very acceptable). Participants performed 74% (range 4-117) of the total home exercise sessions possible and 15/16 performed >50%. One participant was not compliant with the home exercises due to feeling uncomfortable performing these independently There were no re-ruptures, but one case of deep venous thrombosis.
Conclusions
The early progressive resistance exercise program for treatment of non-surgically treated Achilles tendon rupture was feasible. Future studies should investigate the efficacy of the progressive intervention.
Trial registration
The study was registered at Clinical Trials (NCT04121377) on the 29th of September 2019 ClinicalTrials:NCT04121377
Vehicle Steady Drifting Control with Safety Boundary Constraints
Authors: song zhanshuai , Hua Yuchen , Zhuang Ye , zhao Jiaqi , Wang Yuelian , Zhang Xiaochuan
Published: June 2023

The study on active safety motion control of automobiles is not only of great significance to the protection of people's lives and properties, but also of great significance to the development of unmanned driving technology under extreme conditions. Drifting maneuver suggests that the vehicle remains controllable when tires are at high slip conditions. Therefore, the research of drift control is helpful to achieve the active safety motion control of automobiles under extreme conditions. This paper focuses the steady drifting control with safety boundary constraints. The nonlinear 3-DOF vehicle model, the energy phase plane, the yaw acceleration isoclines, and sideslip rate isoclines are used to define the safety boundaries for steady drifting. ILQR algorithm are used for steady drifting control with safety boundary constraints. The simulation results suggests controller can better limit the yaw rate within the constraint boundary, compared with the controller without state boundary constraints.
Real-world experience with ponatinib therapy in chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia: impact of depth of response on survival and prior exposure to nilotinib on arterial occlusive events
Authors: Al-Kali Aref , Litzow Mark , Begna Kebede , Hogan William , Patnaik Mrinal , Hashmi Shahrukh , Elliott Michelle , Alkhateeb Hassan , Gangat Naseema , Reichard Kaaren , VISWANATHA David , Badar Talha , KHARFAN-DABAJA Mohamed , Foran James , Murthy Hemant , Rivera candido , Abdelmagid Maymona , KARRAR OMER , Fleti Farah , Nayir Mohammed El , Tefferi Ayalew
Published: June 2023

We surveyed the performance of ponatinib, as salvage therapy, in a real-world setting of chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML-CP). Among 55 consecutive patients (median age 49 years) with relapsed/refractory CML-CP, 35 (64%) had failed ≥ 3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), 35 (64%) were pre-treated with nilotinib, and 14 (28%) harbored ABL1T315I. At start of ponatinib (median dose 30 mg/day), 40 patients were already in complete hematologic (CHR), 4 in complete cytogenetic (CCyR), 3 in major molecular (MMR) remission, while 8 had not achieved CHR (NR). Ponatinib improved the depth of response in 13 (33%), 3 (75%), 2 (66%), and 4 (50%) patients with CHR, CCyR, MMR, and NR, respectively (p = 0.02). At a median follow-up of 42 months, 13 (23%) deaths, 5 (9%) blast transformations, and 25 (45%) allogeneic transplants were recorded. Five/10-year post-ponatinib survival was 77%/58% with no significant difference when patients were stratified by allogeneic transplant (p = 0.94), ponatinib-induced deeper response (p = 0.28), or a post-ponatinib ≥ CCyR vs CHR remission state (p = 0.25). ABL1T315I was detrimental to survival (p = 0.04) but did not appear to affect response. Prior exposure to nilotinib was associated with higher risk of arterial occlusive events (AOEs; 11% vs 0%; age-adjusted p = 0.04). Ponatinib starting/maintenance dose (45 vs 15 mg/day) did not influence either treatment response or AOEs. Our observations support the use of a lower starting/maintenance dose for ponatinib in relapsed/refractory CML-CP but a survival advantage for deeper responses was not apparent and treatment might not overcome the detrimental impact of ABL1T315I on survival. The association between prior exposure to nilotinib and a higher risk of post-ponatinib AOEs requires further validation.
Recapitulation of single ventricle haemodynamics and associated interplay with breathing mechanics using clinically validated multimodal simulators
Authors: Horvath Markus , Story David van , Rosalia Luca , Starr Bryce , Jiang Mulan , Annese David , Piekarski Breanna , Ozturk Caglar , Agudelo Stephanie , Brassaw Kinsey , Valenza Maria , Herdes Emilia , Powell Andrew , Nido Pedro del , Roche Ellen
Published: June 2023

A range of congenital heart diseases result in a single functioning ventricle. This is palliatively treated by connecting the systemic and pulmonary vasculature in series, establishing what is known as the Fontan circulation. This physiology allows post-natal survival but causes aberrant haemodynamics that causes high morbidity and mortality. Due to limited clinical data, accurate modelling of single ventricle haemodynamics is critical for improving patient care. Although sophisticated haemodynamic models have been developed, their clinical relevance is hindered by their inability to mimic the biomechanical interactions of breathing pressures with vascular reservoirs as one interdependent unit which governs flow patterns and flow reversal in this physiology. Here, we report the development of a tuneable biomimetic single ventricle simulator platform that re-creates breathing mechanics and recapitulates Fontan venous flow patterns. Benchtop characterization, computational modelling, and MRI-based clinical validation demonstrate the ability of the platform to emulate the underlying mechanisms of the coupled breathing and flow mechanics that lead to venous flow reversal. We leverage this multimodal simulator platform to identify respiratory effort and rate as independent drivers for increased caval flow reversal in the Fontan physiology and measure haemodynamic parameters that cannot be obtained comprehensively in the clinic. Enabled by the modularity of this class of simulators, we evaluate the impact of gravity on the relationship between respiration and flow. Finally, we demonstrate the suitability of the clinically validated in vitro and in silico simulators as test platforms for Fontan support strategies which can help guide development of interventions to improve patient’s quality of life.
Chloramphenicol and Methylene Blue Adsorption by Modestly Treated Paper Sewage Sludge Based Activated Carbon
Authors: Aziz Azrina , Hassan Huzairy , Ahmad Mohd Azmier
Published: June 2023

Refractory and emerging contaminants have superfluously present in most Malaysia water bodies due to increasing trend of modern industrialized activities including textiles and pharmaceutical industries. These have impacted deleteriously on our environment and water systems. Hence, this study proposed a sustainable treatment method by using activated carbon prepared from freely available paper mills sewage sludge for removing chloramphenicol (CAP) drug and methylene blue (MB) dye. To the best of our knowledge, very limited study has been reported on this emerging chloramphenicol. Modest treatment of low-temperature carbonization assisted with short-activation time of microwave radiation had been used. Analysis of variance of central composite design (CCD) had resulted optimum conditions of 440W radiation power and 3 min activation time for optimum removals of 69.5% and 50.5% for CAP and MB dye, respectively. The surface area of paper mill sewage sludge activated carbon (PMSSAC) had dramatically improved from 1.14 to 412 m2/g. The SEM image had proven the effectiveness of microwave radiation treatment where more cavities and pores were observed on activated carbon for better adsorbate penetration. The Freundlich isotherm and Pseudo-second order appeared to best fit the kinetic data. Furthermore, high affinity of adsorbate towards the PMSSAC surface could be the plausible mechanism indicated by high amount of adsorption within initial stage of time. The high performance in CAP and MB removal by our PMSSAC system is promisingly anticipated to be good activated carbon treatment method for real application in industrialized wastewater system.
Comparison of intracerebral hemorrhage caused by cerebral small vessel disease and non-cerebral small vessel disease etiologies
Authors: Chahem Christian , Arndt Philipp , Luchtmann Michael , Kuschel Jan-Niklas , Behme Daniel , Pfister Malte , Meuth Sven Günther , Vielhaber Stefan , Henneicke Solveig , Schreiber Stefanie
Published: June 2023

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is the main cause of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, a substantial portion is also caused by non-CSVD etiologies, including trauma, vascular malformations and brain tumors. In this retrospective observational study, we compared factors that predispose to the onset of ICH, namely demographics, antithrombotic medication, vascular risk profile and CSVD on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between patients with CSVD-related ICH and non-CSVD-related ICH. In 922 patients with ICH (median age = 71), CSVD caused the majority of cases (n = 670 [73%]); non-CSVD etiologies made up the remaining quarter (n = 252 [27%]). Individuals with CSVD-related ICH had a higher prevalence of factors predisposing ICH onset compared to non-CSVD etiologies, including antithrombotic medication (34% vs. 19%), vascular risk factors (70% vs. 50%) and advanced CSVD on MRI (83% vs. 51%). However, half of non-CSVD ICH patients were either older than 60 years, had vascular risk factors or advanced CSVD, suggesting an accompanying artheriolosclerotic CSVD pathology in a substantial portion of this subgroup. Since CSVD is frequently prevalent even in non-CSVD etiologies, several factors should be taken into account to stratify an individual’s bleeding risk, although the primary pathology remains the focus for each etiology.
Values? Camera? Action! An ethnography of an AI camera system used by the Netherlands Police
Authors: Fest Isabelle
Published: June 2023

Police departments around the world implement algorithmic systems to enhance various policing tasks. Ensuring such innovations take place responsibly – with public values safeguarded – is essential for public organizations. This paper analyzes how public values are safeguarded in the case of MONOcam, an algorithmic camera system designed and used by the Netherlands police. The system employs artificial intelligence to detect whether car drivers are holding a mobile device. MONOcam can be considered a best practice when it comes to value-sensitive design; many measures were taken to safeguard public values in this algorithmic system. In pursuit of responsible implementation of algorithms, most calls and literature focus on such value-sensitive design, but much less attention is paid to what happens beyond design. Building on 120+ hours of ethnographic observations as well as informal conversations and three semi-structured interviews, this research shows that public values deemed safeguarded in design are renegotiated as the system is implemented and used in practice. This paper thus highlights that algorithmic system design is often based on an ideal world, but it is in the complexities and fuzzy realities of everyday professional routines and socioma-terial reality that these systems are enacted, and public values are renegotiated in the use of ’algorithms’. While value-sensitive design is important, this paper shows that it offers no guarantees for safeguarding public values in practice.
Ethical and coordinative challenges setting up a national cohort study during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany
Authors: Tilch Katharina , Hopff Sina M. , Appel Katharina , Kraus Monika , Lorenz-Depiereux Bettina , Pilgram Lisa , Anton Gabi , Berger Sarah , Geisler Ramsia , Haas Kirsten , Illig Thomas , Krefting Dagmar , Lorbeer Roberto , Mitrov Lazar , Muenchhoff Maximilian , Nauck Matthias , Pley Christina , Reese Jens-Peter , Rieg Siegbert , Scherer Margarete , Stecher Melanie , Stellbrink Christoph , Valentin Heike , Winter Christof , Witzenrath Martin , Vehreschild J. Janne
Published: June 2023

With the outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), global researchers were confronted with major challenges. The German National Pandemic Cohort Network (NAPKON) was launched in fall 2020 to effectively leverage resources and bundle research activities in the fight against the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We analyzed the setup phase of NAPKON as an example of multicenter studies in Germany, highlighting challenges and optimization potentials in connecting 59 university and non-university study sites. We examined the ethics application process of 121 ethics submissions considering durations, annotations, and outcome. Study site activation and recruitment processes were investigated and related to the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections. For all initial ethics applications, median time to a positive ethics vote was less than two weeks and 30 of these study sites (65%) joined NAPKON within less than three weeks each. Electronic instead of postal ethics submission (9.5 days (Q1: 5.75, Q3: 17) vs. 14 days (Q1: 11, Q3: 26), p-value = 0.01) and adoption of the primary ethics vote significantly accelerated the ethics application process. Each study center enrolled a median of 37 patients during the 14-month observation period – with large differences depending on the health sector. We found a positive correlation between recruitment performance and COVID-19 incidence as well as hospitalization incidence. Our analysis highlighted challenges and chances of the federated system in Germany. Digital ethics application tools, adoption of a primary ethics vote and standardized formal requirements lead to harmonized and thus faster study initiation processes during a pandemic.
Fear of childbirth and sleep quality among pregnant women: a generalized additive model and moderated mediation analysis
Authors: Mei Xiaoxiao , Du Ping , Li Yan , Mei Ranran , Wang Xinqin , Chen Qianwen , Ye Zengjie
Published: June 2023

Objectives
The aim of this study is to examine the explore the associations among fear of childbirth, psychological distress, resilience and sleep quality among Chinese pregnant women.
Methods
768 pregnant women participated in the Be Resilient to Postpartum Depression program (BRPD, Registration number: ChiCTR2100048465) and administered with Childbirth Attitudes Questionnaires (CAQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Generalized additive model and moderated mediation analysis were conducted.
Results
A non-linear and negative association between fear of childbirth and sleep quality was founded in the second trimester and antenatal period. Psychological distress significantly mediated the relationship between fear of childbirth and sleep quality (first trimester: B = 0.044, 95% CI = 0.022–0.071; second trimester: β = 0.029, 95%CI = 0.009–0.056; third trimester: β = 0.064, 95%CI = 0.046–0.088; antenatal period: β = 0.050, 95%CI = 0.037–0.063). The moderation role of resilience between fear of childbirth and sleep quality were significant (second trimester: β=-0.006, 95%CI=-0.012 - -0.001, P = 0.025; antenatal period: β=-0.004, 95%CI=-0.007 - -0.001, P = 0.014;), FoC and psychological distress (first trimester: β=-0.016, 95%CI=-0.026 - -0.005, P = 0.004; antenatal period: β=-0.005, 95%CI=-0.009 - -0.001, P = 0.014) .
Conclusions
Fear of childbirth, psychological distress and resilience are three important factors affecting sleep quality in Chinese pregnant women.
Prediction of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related features and indication of immune microenvironment for the prognosis of osteosarcoma
Authors: Yu Yongle , Duan Ping , Chen Hui , Cheng Yannan , Zhang Hao , Zheng Lin , Yu Jiadong , Yu Zirui , Ye Xin , Xu Junmiao , Hu Haoxing , Pan Zhenyu
Published: June 2023

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has a significant impact on cell growth, proliferation, metastasis, invasion, chemotherapy resistance, and angiogenesis in various cancers. However, the effect of ER stress on the outcome of osteosarcoma patients is still unclear. In this study, we established an ER stress risk model based on the Cancer Genome Atlas for osteosarcoma dataset to reflect immune features and predict the prognosis of osteosarcoma patients. Survival analysis showed significant differences in overall survival among osteosarcoma patients with different ER stress-related risk scores. Additionally, ER stress-related risk features were significantly associated with clinical and pathological characteristics of osteosarcoma patients and served as independent prognostic indicators. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the risk model was associated with cell chemotaxis, leukocyte migration, and regulation of leukocyte migration. Moreover, the ER stress-related risk model indicated the presence of an immunosuppressive microenvironment and immune checkpoint responses in osteosarcoma. In conclusion, we proposed an ER stress risk model that is an independent prognostic factor and indicates general immune features in the microenvironment of osteosarcoma.
Membrane fouling monitoring by 3ω sensing
Authors: Jørgensen Mads , Paulsen Frederikke Kildeberg , Bentien Anders , Kjul Astrid Ræbild , Poulsen Maiken , Mikkelsen Louise Mailund , Thavaneswaran Nikitha , Hansen Simon Abildgaard , Jensen Pernille Krogsager , Andersen Jacob , Østedgaard-Munck David , Bendtsen Jan Dimon , Christensen Morten Lykkegaard
Published: June 2023

A platinum wire with a diameter of 20 µm and length of 14 mm was attached to the surface of a ceramic membrane for in situ fouling monitoring. By measuring the voltage across the wire while applying an AC current, the amplitude of the third harmonic wave, the so-called 3ω signal, which is inversely proportional to the thermal conductivity around the wire, was obtained. It was demonstrated that the 3ω signal is influenced by changing the environment around the wire as a result of differences in thermal conductivity and heat convection. Measurements of the 3ω signals on the membrane surface covered in varying amounts of acrylic varnish showed an increase in 3ω signal amplitude as the thermally insulating varnish layer increases. At higher AC frequencies, the effect becomes more pronounced as the penetration depth of the thermal wave is decreased. Thus, the frequency of the AC current can be varied to measure thermal conductivity inside and beyond the fouling layer. The method was applied in semi-dead-end filtration of polymeric core-shell particles and crossflow filtration of diluted milk. Results showed increasing 3ω signals over time and correlates directly to the hydraulic resistance of the formed fouling layer, as the fouling layers have low thermal conductivity and because the fouling layers reduced heat convection by crossflow. After membrane cleaning, the magnitude of the 3ω signal is restored to its initial level as before filtration, showing that the 3ω method can be used to monitor and control cleaning. Hence, the 3ω method is a novel and highly promising method to characterize and quantify fouling during filtration and cleaning, and to assess flow conditions locally on membranes.
Exploring European decarbonisation pathways in the Power Decisions Game
Authors: Henke Hauke T.J. , Gardumi Francesco , Ellefsen Olavur , Lítlá Marita , Lærke Bo , Karlsson Kenneth
Published: June 2023

Background Article 12 of the Paris Agreement summons the signing parties to corporate in improving the education of their citizens on climate change and related matters. The article thereby acknowledges the importance of citizens support and understanding of climate change and needed measures to fight climate change. This paper aims to contribute to the goal of informing on the implications of climate change related policy on the power sector in Europe and hence all European citizens by presenting a serious game in which the player can explore how key policy decisions affect capacity mix, investment needs and electricity costs.Results The game is based on more than 1700 scenarios run through an open-source and accessible, yet technologically detailed myopic energy system optimisation model for the electricity supply in the EU27 + 3. The game allows the user to take the role of a decision maker and make decisions in 2020, 2030 and 2040 regarding the usage of CCS, biomass imports, cross-border electricity transmission and the pace of emission reductions. The user is then presented with economic, social, and environmental impacts of these choices. These impacts are for example measured and illustrated in the development of CO2 emissions per capita, levelised cost of electricity, and investment need per citizen.Conclusion The Power Decisions Game provides a first of its kind open-source infrastructure that allows non-modellers to explore the impact of key decisions and preferences on the design of the future European power system. It furthermore, provides insights on the consequences of short-sighted decision making. The game can be used to facilitate policy-science discussions.
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) virus shedding period among Bhutanese population during pandemic: a retrospective cohort study from Bhutan
Authors: Dorji Kunzang , Choden Kelzang , Palden Meejur , Wangchuk Sonam , Dorji Tashi
Published: June 2023

Background:
Bhutan detected its first COVID-19 case on 5th March 2020 and implemented stringent public health measures. This study aims to describe the molecular characterization of SARS-CoV-2 and the duration of viral shedding among Bhutanese population during the pandemic.
Methods:
This retrospective quantitative study included 500 COVID-19 laboratory confirmed positives from four PCR testing labs from March 2020 to August 2021. The data were extracted from COVID-19 Integrated Influenza Surveillance System. Descriptive statistics and student t-test were used to analyze the data in STATA version 13.1.
Results:
The median detection period from onset of symptoms to the first RT-PCR positive was 4 days (IQR, 2 – 12). The median period of virus shedding was 14 days (IQR, 8 – 27). The median period of virus shedding was longer in symptomatic cases (23 days) than the asymptomatic cases (11 days). The median Ct value of RT-PCR assay for 2020 was 31.95 (23.36 – 35.45), while for 2021 was 21.67 (16.17 – 29.15).
Conclusion:
The findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 can be detected for a long duration but the sensitivity of RT-PCR test is high during the early stage of infection.
Adaptability of Water Resources Development and Utilization to Economic-Social System in Hunan Province, China
Authors: Lu Yang , Su Ying , Cui Can , Ren Li , Zhang Ke , Wang Yuzhang , Yang Jialiang , Huang Yuequn
Published: June 2023

The interplay of water resources with economic and social spheres involves a reciprocal feedback mechanism. Investigating the adaptation status of the composite system consisting of the two is crucial for promoting sustainable and coordinated development. Based on the current situation in water resources and economic-social development in Hunan Province, China, a evaluation system with 22 indicators was established. The quantitative analyses were conducted using improved coupling coordination models, harmonious development models, and OECD models to assess the adaptability of 14 cities (prefectures) in Hunan Province. The results indicated the following: 1) Recently, water resources subsystems (WRS) development index in various cities (prefectures) in Hunan Province has shown signs of improvement, while the economic-social subsystems (SES) development index has exhibited a palpable upward trend. 2) Currently, the coupling coordinative degree between the two subsystems has reached a state of coupling coordination, but spatial differences between north and south regions still existed. 3) The lagging development trend in Hunan Province indicates that the growth rate of WRS has surpassed that of SES. However, the harmonious development capacity of the composite "Water-Economy-Society" system remains relatively low, whilst the contradiction between economic-social development and water resource scarcity has not been effectively alleviated.
Nurses' Perceptions of the Factors Which Cause Violence and Ways of Preventions in the Emergency department: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Najdi Bayan , Imam Asma
Published: June 2023

Background:
Violence has been increasing worldwide. The prevalence of violence in the healthcare sector is continuously rising, and the most vulnerable places for violence is emergency departments due to the critical nature of the workplace environment.
Little is known about the factors that contribute to the nurse’s violence, the impact of workplace violence on nurses, and the preventive methods. understanding these issues from nurses' experience and perception could enhance the workplace environment and quality of healthcare.
Research methodological design:
A qualitative approach, in-depth individual interviews were conducted with a convenient sample of 15 emergency department nurses at hospitals in Palestine who experienced or witnessed workplace violence. Open-ended questions were used to gain in-depth information about nurses' experience in relation to workplace violence at emergency departments. Thematic content analysis approach was used in data analysis.
Findings:
The results showed that nurses at the emergency department experienced workplace violence. Three major themes were found to present the factors that contribute to nurses’ violence. These themes are: Knowledge and attitude related-issues, External-related factors and System-related issues.
Four major themes from the analysis of the interviews emerged relating to the staff feelings, which are: Feeling overwhelmed, feeling distressed, feeling indignity and feeling helpless and fearful.
Study participants offered some prevention methods to decrease workplace violence, and some suggestions to handle violence. The results showed that there is no clear known system of how to report violence.
Conclusions:
Numerous factors contribute to the prevalence of workplace violence in emergency departments. Hospital administrations have to ensure the safety of all employees by using suitable precautions, properly functioning alarm systems and training of the staff. There is an extensive need for psychological support after violent incidents by hospital managers, society and the legal system. In addition, universities have to develop communication, violence and stress management-training courses.
RETRACTED: A UWB Rectenna System Using a Defective Ground Structure (DGS) Monopole Antenna for Ambient Energy Harvesting
Authors: Roy Sunanda , Jun-Jiat Ir. Tiang , Roslee Mardeni Bin , Saha Nabanita , Kouzani Abbas Z. , Mahmud Parvez
Published: June 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Identification of CERS5 as a novel biomarker for prognosis and immunity in hepatocellular carcinoma: a bioinformatics analysis and functional validation study
Authors: Qiu Peng , Huang Qibo , Feng Yunxiang , Zhao Kai , Shi Yuanxin , Li Xiangyu , Yao Wei , Deng Zhengdong , Wang Jianming
Published: June 2023

Objective
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an extremely deadly cancer with few effective therapeutic options available. Ceramide synthases (CERS), a family of enzymes that regulate sphingolipid metabolism, have been suggested to play a role in cancer initiation and progression. Whereas the specific functions of CERS in HCC pathogenesis have not yet been fully elucidated.
Methods
The TCGA and ICGC databases were employed to analyze the expression levels and clinical relevance of CERS genes in HCC. Functional enrichment analyses were performed to identify pathways and functions associated with CERS5. The correlation between CERS5 and the tumor immune microenvironment was investigated. The mutation landscape and immunotherapy efficacy were evaluated. Functional experiments in vitro were conducted to assess CERS5’s impact on HCC cell proliferation and invasion.
Results
Aberrant expression of the CERS family was detected not only in HCC but also in other cancers, and has been linked to both overall survival and disease-free survival. Among the CERS family members, CERS5 was identified as the only prognosis-related gene, with up-regulated in HCC validated in the ICGC database and clinical tissue samples. Higher expression levels of CERS5 were associated with a poorer prognosis as well as an advanced pathologic stage and grade, as confirmed by the TCGA and ICGC databases. Besides, a prognostic nomogram combining pathologic stage, tumor status, and the expression of CERS5 was established and further validated, which suggested a favorable value for prognosis prediction. Functional enrichment analyses showed that the overexpression of CERS5 resulted in enriched pathways associated with carcinogenesis, drug metabolism, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, and cancer immune-related pathways. In addition, the overexpression of CERS5 correlated positively with the expression of genes associated with immunogenic cell death modulators and immune checkpoints, levels of immune cell infiltration, and immunotherapy response, which was featured in an immunologically “hot” environment in the tumor microenvironment. Finally, the functional experiments showed that CERS5 knockdown has been shown to inhibit the growth and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma, potentially through targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
Conclusions
Based on our findings, CERS5 appears to have great potential as both a precise prognostic biomarker and a novel therapeutic target in HCC.
Development of a microfluidic SNP assay for lineage discrimination in the endangered hazel dormouse
Authors: Beez Tobias , Leyhausen Johanna , Mueller Sarah , von Thaden Alina , Bertolino Sandro , Büchner Sven , Fietz Joanna , Lang Johannes , Michaux Johan , Verbeylen Goedele , Nowak Carsten , Cocchiararo Berardino
Published: June 2023

The application of Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS) approaches is often restricted in wildlife monitoring and conservation genetics, as those fields often rely on noninvasively collected samples with low DNA content. Here we selected a subset of informative single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from genome-wide data for lineage discrimination of a locally endangered Eurasian rodent, the hazel dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius), and designed a microfluidic 96 SNP genotyping assay suitable for noninvasively collected samples. Analyses of 43 samples from different European countries confirmed successful discrimination of the Eastern and Western lineage and local substructure within those lineages, proving the suitability of the developed panel for identifying evolutionary significant units and conservation units. Application with 94 hair and scat samples collected in a recent monitoring study on the hazel dormouse in Southern Germany resulted in >99.5% amplification success showing the applicability of the new tool in genetic wildlife monitoring and conservation studies.
Exergy efficiency and energy analysis of silicon production using coffee husks as a carbon material
Authors: Wang Xiaoyue , Chen Zhengjie , Ma Wenhui , Wen Jianhua
Published: June 2023

We used coffee husks as an additive during the smelting of industrial silicon. The influence of different carbon material mixtures on the efficiency of a silicon furnace was evaluated using the cover fires index, excess carbon index, and exergy efficiency index. The results showed that after adding coffee husks, the number of cover fires(Gh) was stable, the average number of cover fires time(Tg) ranged from 6 to 11 min, and the average interval of the cover fires(TG) increased. When semi-coke was used without coffee husks, the excess carbon index was 1.29, the non-recovery exergy efficiency was 0.342, and the recovery exergy efficiency was 0.435. After adding coffee husks, the excess carbon index decreased to 1.28, and the exergy efficiency increased to 0.343 and 0.437. When coffee husks were used without semi-coke, the excess carbon index was 1.25, the non-recovery exergy efficiency was 0.348, and the recovery exergy efficiency was 0.441. The results indicate that using coffee husks as a reducing agent stabilizes the furnace conditions, reduces carbon emissions, protects the environment, and improves the exergy efficiency of the silicon furnace. This study provides new insights into using biomass raw materials as reducing agents for silicon smelting.
Whole Brain Network effects of subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression
Authors: Cha Jungho , Rajendra Justin Justin , McGrath Callie , Riva-Posse Patricio , Holtzheimer Paul , Mayberg Helen , Choi Ki Sueng
Published: June 2023

Ongoing experimental studies of subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation (SCC DBS) for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) show a differential timeline of behavioral effects with rapid changes after initial stimulation, and both early and delayed changes over the course of ongoing chronic stimulation. This study examined the longitudinal resting-state regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes in intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) with SCC DBS for TRD over 6 months and repeated the same analysis by glucose metabolite changes in a new cohort. A total of twenty-two patients with TRD, 17 [15O]-water and 5 [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) patients, received SCC DBS and were followed weekly for 7 months. PET scans were collected at 4-time points: baseline, 1-month after surgery, and 1 and 6 months of chronic stimulation. A linear mixed model was conducted to examine the differential trajectory of rCBF changes over time. Post-hoc tests were also examined to assess postoperative, early, and late ICN changes and response-specific effects. SCC DBS had significant time-specific effects in the salience network (SN) and the default mode network (DMN). The rCBF in SN and DMN was decreased after surgery, but responder and non-responders diverged thereafter, with a net increase in DMN activity in responders with chronic stimulation. Additionally, the rCBF in the DMN uniquely correlated with depression severity. The glucose metabolic changes in a second cohort show the same DMN changes. The trajectory of PET changes with SCC DBS is not linear, consistent with the chronology of therapeutic effects. These data provide novel evidence of both an acute reset and ongoing plastic effects in the DMN that may provide future biomarkers to track clinical improvement with ongoing treatment.
EGQCY: A Smart Contract-Based Scientific Big Data System Approach for Incentive Sharing and Transaction on the Cost of Data Quality
Authors: Yang Shuyi , Li Lusu , Feng Libo
Published: June 2023

Currently, scientific big data management is generally faced with the problems of scattered data resources, inconsistent data standards, and the inability to share and circulate data safely. Research personnel attaches great importance to whether sharing the first-hand property is secure under clear ownership and whether it can contribute to the large society. The isolation of the data management system is the obvious obstacle to collecting and managing across-disciplinary data. To a large extent, sharing and trading scientific big data is the primary purpose to realize the clarity of property rights, secure data sharing, and the value of the data assets step by step. We propose to construct a public platform for scientific big data management. The system is managed to unify and authorize the on-chain data, on which data sharing and trading is tracked throughout the process. Smart contracts are executed with vital functions and guarantee price matching in data transactions. We design the incentive mechanism which measures the incentive yield of data cost quality based on evolutionary game theory and data quality control theory (EGQCY), considering how the cost of data quality performs in controlling and impacting the rational release of the incentive yields in the sharing and trading process. The experiments found that the design of incentive yield and incentive coefficients only significantly affected the transition from low-quality data to medium-quality data. Both parameters converged to fixed values as the cost of data quality increased.
Effects of physical exercise during adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer on long-term tested and perceived cognition: Results of a pragmatic follow-up study
Authors: Naaktgeboren Willeke , Koevoets Emmie , Stuiver Martijn , Harten Wim van , Aaronson Neil , Wall Elsken Van der , Velthuis Miranda , Sonke Gabe , Schagen Sanne , Groen Wim , May Anne
Published: June 2023

Purpose
Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) following chemotherapy is commonly reported in breast cancer survivors, even years after treatment. Data from preclinical studies suggest that exercise during chemotherapy may prevent or diminish cognitive problems; however, clinical data are scarce.
Methods
This is a pragmatic follow-up study of two original randomized trials, which compares breast cancer patients randomized to exercise during chemotherapy to non-exercise controls 8.5 years post-treatment. Cognitive outcomes include an online neuropsychological test battery and self-reported cognitive complaints. Cognitive performance was compared to normative data and expressed as age-adjusted z-scores.
Results
A total of 143 patients participated in the online cognitive testing. Overall, cognitive performance was mildly impaired on some, but not all, cognitive domains, with no significant differences between groups. Clinically relevant cognitive impairment was present in 25% to 40% of all participants, regardless of study group. We observed no statistically significant effect of exercise, or being physically active during chemotherapy, on long-term cognitive performance or self-reported cognition, except for the task reaction time, which favored the control group (β=-2.04, 95% confidence interval: -38.48; -2.38). We observed no significant association between self-reported higher physical activity levels during chemotherapy or at follow-up and better cognitive outcomes.
Conclusion
In this pragmatic follow-up study, exercising and being overall more physically active during or after adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer did not yield better tested or self-reported cognitive functioning, on average, 8.5 years after treatment. Future prospective studies are needed to document the complex relationship between exercise and CRCI in cancer survivors.
Silicon mediated defense response in rice plants against Brown Plant Hopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)
Authors: Roy Subhalxmi , Mohammad Reem , Khamari Bhagyashree , Monalisa SP , Swain Deepak Kumar
Published: June 2023

As silicon is known to have a positive role in enhancing the resistance of rice plants to insects, an investigation on one aspect of the biochemical and molecular basis of rice plant defences mediated by silicon amendments against brown plant hopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), comprising field, pot culture and laboratory experiments was undertaken in OUAT. Two organic products; Diatomaceous Earth (DAE) at 0.15, 0.30 and 0.45 t/ha, and Rice Hull Ash (RHA) at 2, 3, 4 t/ha, along with one inorganic source, calcium silicate (CaSiO3) at 2, 3, 4 t/ha were soil applied as basal to evaluate their effects on the accumulation of silicon, proline, phenol, carbohydrates and protein in the plant tissues along with proteomic and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) studies. Results showed decreasing in proline and protein contents and increasing in silicon, phenol and carbohydrates contents in infected Si amended plants as compared to the control. Proteomic study showed appearing of a thick band of about 20 KDa in infested plants indicating its role in defense mechanism. Under SEM, the dumbbell shaped deposits of Si were marked clearly at different doses of silicon, indicating that the increase in silica dose enhanced its deposits, which was supported by EDAX-SEM data. Results of this study clearly demonstrated that soil amendments with silicon through organic and inorganic sources effectively caused biochemical and molecular changes that ultimately support the plant defenses against BPH.