bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An overview on passive cooling systems in green building architectures
Authors: DB Jani
Published: November 2019

The continuous progressive demand of building construction raises many issues regarding supply of high grade electricity. It creates many environmental issues for its production like as global warming. So, the passive cooling buildings were welcomed to respond variable climate in order to reduce energy supply for thermal comfort as well as health of building users. The aim of designing a passive building is to take best advantage of the regional outdoor ambient conditions. Passive cooling refers to a building architectural approach that mainly goal on heat gain control and heat dissipation in a architectural structure in order to ameliorate the indoor thermal comfort with low or nil energy consumption. Passive cooling systems use non-mechanical methods to sustain a comfortable indoor temperature and are a main aim in extenuating the impact of buildings on the regional environment. The energy consumption in buildings is very much with the anticipation to further increase because of improving standards of leaving and the increase of industrialization. The use of HVAC in building has exponentially rises over the past few decades and quite enough to contribute in the enormous use of high grade electrical energy consumption. This paper reviews various passive cooling techniques used in the green building and their role in providing thermal comfort and its significance in energy conservation with the help of architectural interventions.
Feasibility Controlling Hemoglobin A1c by Oral Hygiene Improvement: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ayako Okada  , Yoshiaki Nomura  , Mayu Miyanohara  , Masahide Uraguchi  , Hisanori Tadokoro  , Tetsuya Nagai  , Yoshihito Fujii  , Masahiro Miura  , Ryo Kawachi  , Takanori Matsui  , Kunio Takayanagi  , Masashi Yamamoto  , Takatsugu Yamamoto  , Nobuhiro Hanada
Published: November 2019

Purpose: Patients with diabetes mellitus are prone to be bacteremia. The major side effect of diabetes mellitus is caused by bacteremia. However, conventional periodontal treatment does not focus mainly on the elimination of pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, the aim of this study was to the management of oral bacteria improve some symptoms of diabetes mellitus.

Material and Method: We monitored Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of five subjects after removed oral bacteria on the tooth surface by antibiotics using custom made tray. By using the results, simulation model was constructed.

Result: By the simulation, HbA1c levels declined over time and decreased to 6.0%. However, it took at least 600 days to come up to 6.0%. The higher the level of HbA1c at baseline, the more time takes to improve HbA1c level. Subjects with 7.3% HbA1c at baseline required 2,400 days to achieve 6.0% HbA1c.

Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that HbA1c may be improved by oral bacterial control. Clinical studies suggest that a long observational period is required to obtain high quality evidence.?

Keywords: Oral hygiene; Hemoglobin A1c; Mixed effect model
Urogynaecology service at a district general hospital in the United Kingdom-changing needs or a better understanding?
Authors: Wali Lone Farah , Raveendran Ainharan
Published: November 2019

The UK population is ageing rapidly, with 51% of the population predicted to be over 65 years of age by 2030 compared to 2010 [1]. The urogynaecological problems in women increase with age affecting over 20% of the adult population [2]. The National Health services (NHS) will have to transform to deal with very large increases in demand for and costs of health and social care. A study forecasting the prevalence of urogynaecological problems in the US forecasted a 50% increase in the service for urogynaecological conditions2. Role of integrated continence services within acute hospitals is gaining interest. A remarkable shift in NHS services will need good joined up primary and specialist care, community care and social care, with effective out of hour’s service. Urogynaecology offers a mix of problems affecting pelvic floor in a woman. It involves treating women with urinary and/or anal symptoms (urgency, incontinence, incomplete emptying) [3], pelvic organ prolapses (POP) and impact of these symptoms on sexual function. It is a relatively new sub-speciality which requires a holistic approach to a patient symptoms and expert skills to overcome demands from aging female population and fulfilling patient expectations.
Focus group qualitative analysis of Middle East and Western nurses assessing and planning interventions in refugee camps
Authors: Benbenishty RH MNS Julie , Jayyose RN PhD Eman Alshawish
Published: November 2019

Aim: This paper is a focus group Qualitative analysis of nursing perception of refugee needs.

Background: Receiving quality health care is a challenge for refugee populations as often live in crowded, unsanitary conditions. The International Council of Nurses’ Code of Ethics asserts that nurses should expand beyond the individual model and promote a rights-enabling environment where respect for human dignity is paramount.

Introduction: This investigation is analysis of Middle East and Western nurses’ collaboration in assessing and planning an intervention in refugee camps. Our education policy should be to prepare our future nurses for any health challenge they may face. Working with refugees and displaced people is currently a global health care challenge.

Methods: During an international nursing conference focusing on nursing force in promoting health equity, participants were asked to recognize influence of social health determinants of refugee individuals and populations. Second, identify barriers to health care. Third, discuss professional roles in refugee patient/client care. Finally, demonstrate inter-professional engagement. The participants were from diverse populations and many of them defined themselves as displaced persons or refugees.

Findings: A total of 135 nurses, midwives, nursing managers, students and professors from 12 countries participated in focus groups. Central themes included Basic human needs, management, healthcare, and communication.

Conclusions: When nurses face unfamiliar situations, they use fundamental nursing theories, Watson caring theory, & Maslow to structure their assessment, intervention and evaluation. Social Policy: When theory developing policies for refugee care, knowledge and practice of fundamentals of nursing is paramount.
The correlation between hearing loss and the site of eardrum perforation: about 260 cases
Authors: Iziki O  , Ahmadou A  , Abdulhakeem B  , Chbaata A  , Rouadi S  , Abada R  , Roubal M  , Mahtar M
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Some authors have assumed that the hearing loss depends on the site and the size of the perforations, but the results were contradictory and inconclusive. The aim of this present study is to find correlation between hearing loss and the location of tympanic membrane perforation after a chronic otitis media.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in our ENT department, university hospital Ibn Rochd Casablanca Morocco. Two hundred sixty patients were enrolled in this study with eardrum perforation and without any neurosensory hearing loss or middle/ inner ear diseases. Data processing and analysis were carried out with computer software SPSS.

Results: Two hundred sixty patients (103 males, 157 females) with age range 8–67 years (mean = 35.9) were studied. Bilateral tympanic membrane perforations were seen in 84 patients (60%), unilateral perforation in 176 patients (68%). In the 260 patients, 253 eardrum perforations were caused by chronic otitis media. Only 7 cases were due to a traumatism. The tympanic perforation was posterior in 64 cases (24.6%), subtotal in 54 cases (20.8%), central in 49 cases (18.8%), anterior in 44 cases (16.9%), antero-superior in 1 case, antero-inferior in 23 cases (8.8%), postero-superior in 5 cases (1.9%), and postero-inferior in 10 cases (3.8%). The tympanic perforation was inferior in 10 cases (3.8%). Perforation’s sites on the tympanic membrane were correlated with the groups of average hearing loss. For anterior perforations the average loss was moderate in 52.3% and severe in 13.6%. For posterior perforations the average loss was moderate in 75%. For subtotal perforation, the percentage was equal for mild and moderate hearing loss. The average loss for anterior perforations was 41.93 dB. The average loss for posterior ones was 42.66 dB.

Conclusion: The current study aimed to correlate the degree of hearing loss to the different site of perforation. From the present study we can tell that Hearing loss in chronic otitis media is independent of the site of eardrum perforation. Nevertheless, further studies are needed with a representative population to confirm our results.

Keywords: Site of eardrum perforation; Hearing loss; Bone conduction
Arylisoquinoline-derived organoboron dyes with a triaryl skeleton show dual fluorescence
Authors: Pais Vânia F , Neumann Tristan , Vayá Ignacio , Jiménez M Consuelo , Ros Abel , Pischel Uwe
Published: November 2019

Four new dyes that derive from borylated arylisoquinolines were prepared, containing a third aryl residue (naphthyl, 4-methoxynaphthyl, pyrenyl or anthryl) that is linked via an additional stereogenic axis. The triaryl cores were synthesized by Suzuki couplings and then transformed into boronic acid esters by employing an Ir(I)-catalyzed reaction. The chromophores show dual emission behavior, where the long-wavelength emission band can reach maxima close to 600 nm in polar solvents. The fluorescence quantum yields of the dyes are generally in the range of 0.2–0.4, reaching in some cases values as high as 0.5–0.6. Laser-flash photolysis provided evidence for the existence of excited triplet states. The dyes form fluoroboronate complexes with fluoride anions, leading to the observation of the quenching of the long-wavelength emission band and ratiometric response by the build-up of a hypsochromically shifted emission signal.
Three new species of the genus Coddingtonia from Asia (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae)
Authors: Feng Chengcheng , Lin Yucheng
Published: November 2019

The current paper expands knowledge of the genus Coddingtonia Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009. Based on morphological characters and molecular data, three species are documented as new to science: C. erhuan Feng & Lin, sp. nov. (♀) from China, C. lizu Feng & Lin, sp. nov. (♀) from China, and C. huifengi Feng & Lin, sp. nov. (♂♀) from Indonesia. The type of C. euryopoides Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009 is also reexamined. DNA sequences (COI), detailed illustrations of habitus, male palp and epigyne are provided for these four species, as well as a key and a distribution map for Coddingtonia species.
A COMMUNICATION AID SYSTEM BY FEATURE EXTRACTION OF ELECTROOCULOGRAPHIC SIGNALS
Authors: Sugi Takenao , Baba Ryosuke , Matsuda Yoshitaka , Goto Satoru , Egashira Naruto , Oishi Ayame , Yamasaki Takao
Published: November 2019

People with serious movement disabilities due to neurodegenerative diseases have problems in their communication with others. Considerable numbers of communication aid systems have been developed in the past. Especially, some of the systems driven by eye movements are thought to be effective for such people. Electrooculographic (EOG) signal reflects the eye movement and the specific pattern of eye movement can be seen in EOG signals. This paper proposes a communication aid system by extracting the features of EOG. The system consists of a computer, analog-to-digital converter, biological amplifier and two monitors. Two monitors, one for a system user and the other for other people, display the same information. Five items are presented in the monitor, and a user selects those items according to the situation in the communication. Selection of the items is done by combining three eye movements: gaze at left, gaze at right and successive blinks. Basic concept of the communication aid system was designed by taking into account the current state of a subject’s movement disability. Then, the design of a screen and the algorithm for detecting eye movement pattern from EOG were determined by using the data of normal healthy subjects. The system worked almost perfectly for normal healthy subjects. Then, the developed system was operated by a subject with serious movement disability. Parts of the system operation were regarded as satisfactory level, and some miss-operation were also seen.
Physical Layer Security in Military Communications
Authors: Yaacoub Elias
Published: November 2019

Military communications need to be secure in harsh operational conditions under constant enemy attacks and attempts to eavesdrop, jam, or decrypt the communications. Physical layer security (PLS) can be used in conjunction with traditional cryptographic techniques to ensure an additional layer of security for military communications. In this article, PLS techniques at different levels of military communications, from communications at the military section level to the battalion or command center level, are discussed and analyzed. The presented solutions were tailored to the challenges faced in each scenario, leading to good performance. Additional challenges are also discussed, and suitable solutions are outlined.
TNF-Producing Th1 Cells Are Selectively Expanded in Liver Infiltrates of Patients with Autoimmune Hepatitis
Authors: Bovensiepen Claudia S. , Schakat Miriam , Sebode Marcial , Zenouzi Roman , Hartl Johannes , Peiseler Moritz , Li Jun , Henze Lara , Woestemeier Anna , Schramm Christoph , Lohse Ansgar W. , Herkel Johannes , Weiler-Normann Christina
Published: November 2019

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory liver disease that is believed to be driven by a CD4+ T cell response to liver Ags. However, the pathogenic function of CD4+ effector T cells in AIH is not fully understood. To characterize liver-infiltrating lymphocytes in AIH, we determined the cytokine production of infiltrating cells obtained from biopsy material by quantitative RT-PCR and flow cytometry. A cytokine quantitiative RT-PCR array of AIH specimens revealed that TNF was the most strongly upregulated cytokine, as compared with control livers. To confirm this finding, we determined the frequencies of TNF-producing CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood and in liver biopsy specimens in comparison with those of CD4+ T cells producing IFN-γ or IL-17. In AIH, TNF-producing CD4+ T cells were significantly expanded, both in blood and liver, whereas IL-17–producing CD4+ T cells were not. However, the majority of the TNF-producing CD4+ T cells in AIH also produced IFN-γ, suggesting that TNF producers might represent a pathogenic activation state of Th1 cells. Ag-specific stimulation of PBMC from AIH patients with the AIH-associated autoantigen SEPSECS resulted in significant TNF production only in patients manifesting SLA/LP autoantibodies targeting SEPSEC but not in healthy individuals who do not manifest this reactivity. Taken together, our findings indicated that TNF-producing CD4+ T cells are expanded in AIH, both in blood and in liver. TNF-producing CD4+ T cells in AIH seem to be aberrantly activated Th1 cells. Our findings provide a rationale for therapeutic efforts using TNF blockade in AIH.
Gli uccelli del Parco Regionale della Maremma e aree limitrofe (Grosseto, Toscana, Italia)
Authors: Giovacchini Pietro
Published: November 2019

Il Parco Regionale della Maremma è una area protetta di 8902 ha nel settore costiero centrale della provincia di Grosseto, Toscana meridionale. Gli habitat che rappresentano l’area protetta possono essere così brevemente descritti: foce del fiume Ombrone e zone umide della Palude della Trappola; Monti dell’Uccellina (cima più elevata: Poggio Lecci, 417 m s.l.m.); un ampio comprensorio interno e pianeggiante dove coesistono attività zootecniche e coltivazioni agricole. Lo sviluppo costiero raggiunge i 25 km circa. Sono presenti 6 Siti della Rete Natura 2000 classificati come ZSC − Zona Speciale di Conservazione − secondo la Direttiva “Habitat” 92/43/ CE e/o come ZPS − Zona di Protezione Speciale − secondo la Direttiva “Uccelli” 2009/147/CE. La maggior parte dell’area presenta una scarsa rete viaria e limitati insediamenti umani con copertura boschiva in larga parte dovuta a formazioni vegetali sclerofilliche mediterranee. In questo lavoro viene presentato un elenco commentato degli uccelli noti per l’area protetta a partire dalla sua istituzione avvenuta il 05/06/1975 sino al 31/12/2018. In totale, le specie di Uccelli rilevate sono 295 (62,1% delle specie della Toscana ed il 52,5% delle specie note in Italia), mentre le specie nidificanti certe o probabili in tempi recenti (2008-2018) sono 84. Le specie di interesse comunitario presenti nell’Allegato I della Direttiva “Uccelli” 2009/147/CE sono 88, mentre quelle classificate come SPEC 1-3 “Species of European Conservation Concern” sono 33. L’area, con le zone umide “Bocca d’Ombrone” e “La Trappola” comprese nella Macrozona “Maremma Grossetana”, ricade all’interno della qualifica di sito di importanza internazionale per lo svernamento di Anser anser e Mareca penelope; inoltre è sito di importanza nazionale per Mareca strepera, Anas crecca, Anas acuta, Spatula clypeata, Ardea alba, Platalea leucorodia, Phoenicopterus roseus, Recurvirostra avosetta, Pluvialis apricaria, Calidris alpina, Vanellus vanellus, Gallinago gallinago, Numenius arquata, Tringa erythropus e Tringa totanus. L’area protetta è di importanza per specie nidificanti in Direttiva 2009/147/CE legate agli specchi lacustri costieri e agli spazi marini, ad incolti, pascoli, così come a zone con vegetazione arborea e arbustiva sparsa su affioramenti rocciosi, margini di boschi, ambienti parzialmente allagati ed ai litorali sabbiosi, quali ad esempio, con dati minimi, Pandion haliaetus (1 coppia), Burhinus oedicnemus (7-8 coppie), Charadrius alexandrinus (1 coppia), Caprimulgus europaeus (25 coppie), Coracias garrulus (13-15 coppie), Lanius collurio (1-5 coppie), Lullula arborea (10 coppie) e Anthus campestris (6-7 coppie). Dal 2015 si segnala il consolidamento della nidificazione di Ardea cinerea, rilevandone per la prima volta la riproduzione come garzaia.
Gli esemplari provenienti dal Parco Regionale della Maremma nella collezione ornitologica del Museo di Storia Naturale di Firenze
Authors: Ceccolini Filippo , Barbagli Fausto
Published: November 2019

Vengono riportati i reperti ornitologici del Museo di Storia Naturale di Firenze provenienti da località attualmente comprese nei confini del Parco Regionale della Maremma. Tutti risalgono ai tempi in cui Enrico Hillyer Giglioli era il direttore della collezione vertebrati. Tra i reperti vi sono due capovaccai (Neophron percnopterus) presi sul nido e quattro calandre (Melanocorypha calandra): tali specie risultano oggi in Maremma rispettivamente estinta come nidificante e completamente estinta. Viene inoltre sottolineata l’alta percentuale di uccelli affetti da anomalie, particolarmente ricercati all’epoca.
Dealing with Incompatibilities among Procedural Goals under Uncertainty
Authors: Morveli Espinoza Mariela , Nieves Juan Carlos , Possebom Ayslan , Tacla Cesar Augusto
Published: November 2019

By considering rational agents, we focus on the problem of selecting goals out of a set of incompatible ones. We consider three forms of incompatibility introduced by Castelfranchi and Paglieri, namely the terminal, the instrumental (or based on resources), and the superfluity. We represent the agent's plans by means of structured arguments whose premises are pervaded with uncertainty. We measure the strength of these arguments in order to determine the set of compatible goals. We propose two novel ways for calculating the strength of these arguments, depending on the kind of incompatibility thatexists between them. The first one is the logical strength value, it is denoted by a three-dimensional vector, which is calculated from a probabilistic interval associated with each argument. The vector represents the precision of the interval, the location of it, and the combination of precision and location. This type of representation and treatment of the strength of a structured argument has not been defined before by the state of the art. The second way for calculating the strength of the argument is based on the cost of the plans (regarding the necessary resources) and the preference of the goals associated with the plans. Considering our novel approach for measuring the strength of structured arguments, we propose a semantics for the selection of plans and goals that is based on Dung's abstract argumentation theory. Finally, we make a theoretical evaluation of our proposal.
Noncommutative coarse geometry
Authors: Banerjee Tathagata , Meyer Ralf
Published: November 2019

We use compactifications of C*-algebras to introduce noncommutative coarse geometry. We transfer a noncommutative coarse structure on a C*-algebra with an action of a locally compact Abelian group by translations to Rieffel deformations and prove that the resulting noncommutative coarse spaces are coarsely equivalent. We construct a noncommutative coarse structure from a cocompact continuously square-integrable action of a group and show that this is coarsely equivalent to the standard coarse structure on the group in question. We define noncommutative coarse maps through certain completely positive maps that induce *-homomorphisms on the boundaries of the compactifications. We lift *-homomorphisms between separable, nuclear boundaries to noncommutative coarse maps and prove an analogous lifting theorem for maps between metrisable boundaries of ordinary locally compact spaces.
Case Report: Analytically Confirmed Severe Albenzadole Overdose Presenting with Alopecia and Pancytopenia
Authors: Riggan Morgan A. A. , Perreault Gabriel , Wen Anita , Raco Veronica , Vassallo Susi , Gerona Roy , Hoffman Robert S.
Published: November 2019

Internet-facilitated self-diagnosis and treatment is becoming more prevalent, putting individuals at risk of toxicity when drugs are acquired without medical oversight. We report a patient with delusional parasitosis who consumed veterinary albendazole purchased on the Internet, leading to pancytopenia, transaminase elevation, and alopecia. A 53-year-old man was sent to the emergency department (ED) by his gastroenterologist because of abnormal laboratory results. The patient had chronic abdominal pain and believed he was infected with parasites. He purchased two bottles of veterinary-grade albendazole on the Internet, and over the 3 weeks before his ED visit, he consumed 113.6 g of albendazole (a normal maximal daily dose is 800 mg). Five days before admission, he noticed hair loss and a rash on his face. His examination was notable for significant scalp hair loss and hyperpigmentation along the jaw line. Laboratory studies were remarkable for pancytopenia (most notably a white blood cell count (WBC) of 0.4 × 103 cells/mm3, with an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of 0 × 103 cells/mm3) and transaminase elevation (aspartate aminotransferase [AST] 268 IU/L, alanine aminotransferase [ALT] 89 IU/L). He developed a fever and was treated with antibiotics and colony-stimulating factors for presumed neutropenic bacteremia. Over the course of 1 week, his hepatic function normalized and his ANC increased to 3,000 × 103 cells/mm3. Serial albendazole and albendazole sulfoxide concentrations were measured in serum and urine by liquid chromatography–quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry. On day 2, his serum concentrations were 20.7 ng/mL and 4,257.7 ng/mL for albendazole and albendazole sulfoxide, respectively. A typical peak therapeutic concentration for albendazole sulfoxide occuring at 2–5 hours post-ingestion is 220–1,580 ng/mL. Known adverse effects of albendazole include alopecia, transaminase elevation, and neutropenia. Pancytopenia leading to death from septic shock is reported. In our patient, prolonged use of high-dose albendazole resulted in a significant body burden of albendazole and albendazole sulfoxide, leading to pancytopenia, transaminase elevation, and alopecia. He recovered with supportive therapy.
Estimation of Malaria-Attributable Fever in Malaria Test–Positive Febrile Outpatients in Three Provinces of Mozambique, 2018
Authors: Plucinski Mateusz M. , Candrinho Baltazar , Dimene Mercia , Smith Tom , Thwing Julie , Colborn James , Rogier Eric , Zulliger Rose
Published: November 2019

Like most malaria-endemic countries, Mozambique relies on tabulation of confirmed malaria test–positive febrile patients to track incidence of malaria. However, this approach is potentially biased by incidental malaria parasitemia in patients with fever of another etiology. We compared pan-Plasmodium aldolase and lactate dehydrogenase and Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) antigen concentrations measured using a laboratory bead-based assay of samples collected from 1,712 febrile and afebrile patients of all ages in Maputo, Zambézia, and Cabo Delgado provinces. We used a Bayesian latent class model to estimate the proportion of malaria-attributable fevers in malaria test–positive febrile patients. Depending on the antigen, estimated rates of malaria-attributable fever in malaria test–positive febrile patients were 100% in Maputo, 33–58% in Zambézia, and 63–74% in Cabo Delgado. Our findings indicate that most malaria test–positive febrile patients in the three provinces of Mozambique had a fever that was likely caused by the concurrent malaria infection. Counting malaria test–positive febrile patients for estimation of malaria incidence appears to be appropriate in this setting.
Stool-Based Pathogen Detection Offers Advantages as an Outcome Measure for Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Trials
Authors: Brown Joe , Cumming Oliver
Published: November 2019

Most health impact trials of water, sanitation, and hygiene use caregiver-reported diarrhea in children as the primary outcome; this measure is known to be subject to considerable bias, especially when used in unblinded trials. Detection of enteric pathogens in stool or fecal waste via multiplex molecular methods may offer advantages over—and is complementary to—caregiver-reported diarrhea because these measures are objective, on the causal pathway from exposures of interest to disease outcomes, and increasingly feasible in high-burden countries.
A produção da Educação Física brasileira sobre fair play e racismo no esporte: estado da arte de teses e dissertações
Authors: Busquim Braga João Vitor , Keiti Oshima Kevin , Dalben André
Published: November 2019

Fair Play (FP) refere-se a atitudes moralmente boas na prática esportiva e reprova o racismo. No Brasil, o esporte começou a se desenvolver após o fim da escravidão, de modo que o racismo acompanha a sua história. A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo mapear e analisar a produção acadêmica da Educação Física brasileira sobre a temática do FP e do racismo no esporte. Realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica de teses e dissertações produzidas nos principais Programas de Pós-Graduação de Educação Física brasileiros. Levantaram-se 32 teses e 103 dissertações, das quais cinco teses e dez dissertações foram analisadas. Essa considerável redução ocorreu porque poucos trabalhos relacionam diretamente as duas temáticas. Entre os analisados, destacaram-se aqueles que tratam sobre o futebol, especialmente sobre violência entre torcidas. Houve também uma expressiva parcela de trabalhos que realçou a importância do FP e do combate ao racismo na Educação Física escolar.
O karatê-do como instrumento de formação do caráter e personalidade dos praticantes através de suas técnicas corporais
Authors: Cavalcante Lucas Maciel , Teixeira Potiguar Junior Petrônio Lauro
Published: November 2019

Esta pesquisa objetiva investigar, com instrutores de Karatê-do, a compreensão sobre relação entre técnicas corporais desenvolvidas nesta arte marcial e a formação do caráter do praticante, relação que segundo os autores da área é direta e incontornável. Como instrumento de coleta de dados, utilizou-se entrevistas com todos os instrutores atuantes desta arte marcial na cidade de Santarém-PA. Como resultado, vemos por exemplo 38% dos professores demonstraram trabalhar a formação do caráter e personalidade de forma direta e objetiva, sem considerar que as próprias técnicas são instrumentos de formação deste caráter, outros 54% puderam fazer tal raciocínio, enquanto 8% dos entrevistados demonstraram faze-lo assim, somente com as crianças, chegando-se a conclusão de que os instrutores metodologicamente ainda não demonstram coesão de trabalho, bem como, alguns deles, ainda carecem de maior alinhamento com os autores da área.
O circo na educação infantil: vivências e representações artísticas
Authors: Cavalcante Vasques Hugo , Garbelini Ota Giovanna Sayuri , De Marco Ademir
Published: November 2019

O circo sempre fez parte do mundo infantil, despertando magia, alegria e sonhos. Este estudo analisou representações e apropriações das crianças sobre o circo, a partir de seus próprios desenhos, elaborados numa proposta de atividades circenses. Consistiu num estudo de caso, com 21 crianças de uma escola de Educação Infantil, com idade entre 4 a 5 anos. Observou-se que antes da proposta a estrutura externa do circo, a lona, foi o elemento mais representado pelas crianças, sugerindo este fato, que embora algumas crianças nunca tivessem presenciado um espetáculo de circo, conheciam sua estrutura física que em algum momento lhes foi apresentada. Após 12 sessões da proposta pedagógica, a lona do circo deixou de ser o elemento mais representado, surgindo protagonistas, como o malabarista e o mágico. Ficou evidenciado que vivências corporais e o diálogo permitiram ressignificar o circo na Educação Infantil.
Amplification of black carbon light absorption induced by atmospheric aging: temporal variation at seasonal and diel scales in urban Guangzhou
Authors: Sun Jia Yin , Wu Cheng , Wu Dui , Cheng Chunlei , Li Mei , Li Lei , Deng Tao , Yu Jian Zhen , Li Yong Jie , Zhou Qiani , Liang Yue , Sun Tianlin , Song Lang , Cheng Peng , Yang Wenda , Cen Yanxiang , Zhou Zhen , Pei Chenglei , Chen Yanning , Nian Huiqing
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) is an important climate forcer in the atmosphere. Amplification of light absorption can occur by coatings on BC aerosols, an effect that remains one of the major sources of uncertainties for accessing the radiative forcing of BC. In this study, the absorption enhancement factor (Eabs) was quantified by the minimum R squared (MRS) method using elemental carbon (EC) as the tracer. Two field campaigns were conducted in urban Guangzhou at the Jinan university super site during both wet season (July 31–September 10, 2017) and dry season (November 15, 2017–January 15, 2018) to explore the temporal dynamics of BC optical properties. The average concentration of EC was 1.94 ± 0.93 and 2.81 ± 2.01 μgC m−3 in the wet and dry seasons, respectively. Mass absorption efficiency at 520 nm by primary aerosols (MAEp520) determined by MRS exhibit a strong seasonality (8.6 m2g−1 in the wet season and 16.8 m2g−1 in the dry season). Eabs520 was higher in the wet season (1.51 ± 0.50) and lower in the dry season (1.29 ± 0.28). Absorption Ångström exponent (AAE470-660) in the dry season (1.46 ± 0.12) were higher than that in the wet season (1.37 ± 0.10). Collective evidence showed that the active biomass burning (BB) in dry season effectively altered optical properties of BC, leading to elevated MAE, MAEp and AAE in dry season comparing to those in wet season. Diurnal Eabs520 was positively correlated with AAE470-660 (R2 = 0.71) and negatively correlated with the AE33 aerosol loading compensation parameter (k) (R2 = 0.74) in the wet season, but these correlations were significantly weaker in the dry season, which may be related to the impact of BB. This result suggests that lensing effect was dominating the AAE diurnal variability during the wet season. The effect of secondary processing on Eabs diurnal dynamic were also investigated. The Eabs520 exhibit a clear dependency on secondary organic carbon to organic carbon ratio (SOC/OC). Eabs520 correlated well with nitrate, implying that gas-particle partitioning of semi-volatile compounds may potentially play an important role in steering the diurnal fluctuation of Eabs520. In dry season, the diurnal variability of Eabs520 was associated with photochemical aging as evidenced by the good correlation (R2 = 0.69) between oxidant concentrations (Ox=O3+NO2) and Eabs520.
Investigating the regional contributions to air pollution in Beijing: A dispersion modelling study using CO as a tracer
Authors: Panagi Marios , Fleming Zoë L. , Monks Paul S. , Ashfold Matthew J. , Wild Oliver , Hollaway Michael , Zhang Qiang , Squires Freya A. , Vande Hey Joshua D.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The rapid urbanization and industrialization of Northern China in recent decades has resulted in poor air quality in major cities like Beijing. Transport of air pollution plays a key role in determining the relative influence of local emissions and regional contributions to observed air pollution. In this paper, dispersion modelling (Numerical Atmospheric Modelling Environment, NAME model) is used with emission inventories and in-situ ground measurement data to track the pathways of air masses arriving at Beijing. The percentage of time the air masses spent over specific regions on their travel to Beijing is used to assess the effects of regional meteorology on carbon monoxide (CO), a good tracer of anthropogenic emissions. The NAME model is used with the MEIC (Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China) emission inventories to determine the amount of pollution that is transported to Beijing from the immediate surrounding areas and regions further away. This approach captures the magnitude and variability of CO over Beijing and reveals that CO is strongly driven by transport processes. This study provides a more detailed understanding of relative contributions to air pollution in Beijing under different regional airflow conditions. Approximately 45 % over a 4 year average (2013–2016) of the total CO pollution that affects Beijing is transported from other regions, and about half of this contribution comes from beyond the Hebei and Tianjin regions that immediately surround Beijing. The industrial sector is the dominant emission source from the surrounding regions and contributes over 20 % of the total CO in Beijing. Finally, using PM2.5 to determine high pollution days, three pollution classification types of pollution were identified and used to analyse the APHH winter campaign and the 4 year period. The results can inform targeted control measures to be implemented by Beijing and the surrounding provinces to tackle air quality problems that affect Beijing and China.
Microphysical properties and fall speed measurements of snow ice crystals using the Dual Ice Crystal Imager (D-ICI)
Authors: Kuhn Thomas , Vázquez-Martín Sandra
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Accurate predictions of snowfall require good knowledge of the microphysical properties of the snow ice crystals and particles. Shape is an important parameter as it influences strongly the scattering properties of the ice particles, and thus their response to remote sensing techniques such as radar measurements. The fall speed of ice particles is another important parameter for both numerical forecast models as well as representation of ice clouds and snow in climate models, as it is responsible for the rate of removal of ice from these models. We describe a new ground-based in-situ instrument, the Dual Ice Crystal Imager (D-ICI), to determine snow ice crystal properties and fall speed simultaneously. The instrument takes two high-resolution pictures of the same falling ice particle from two different viewing directions. Both cameras use a microscope-like set-up resulting in an image pixel resolution of approximately 4 μm/pixel. One viewing direction is horizontal and is used to determine fall speed by means of a double exposure. For this purpose, two bright flashes of a light emitting diode behind the camera illuminate the falling ice particle and create this double exposure and the vertical displacement of the particle provides its fall speed. The other viewing direction is close to vertical and is used to provide size and shape information from single-exposure images. This viewing geometry is chosen instead of a horizontal one because shape and size of ice particles as viewed in the vertical direction are more relevant than these properties viewed horizontally as the vertical fall speed is more strongly influenced by the vertically viewed properties. In addition, a comparison with remote sensing instruments that mostly have a vertical or close to vertical viewing geometry is favoured when the particle properties are measured in the same direction. The instrument has been tested in Kiruna, northern Sweden (67.8° N, 20.4° E). Measurements are demonstrated with images from different snow events, and the determined snow ice crystal properties are presented.
Validation of a coupled δ2Hn-alkane-δ18Osugar paleohygrometer approach based on a climate chamber experiment
Authors: Hepp Johannes , Glaser Bruno , Juchelka Dieter , Mayr Christoph , Rozanski Kazimierz , Schäfer Imke Kathrin , Stichler Willibald , Tuthorn Mario , Zech Roland , Zech Michael
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The hydrogen isotopic composition of leaf wax-derived biomarkers, e.g. long chain n-alkanes (δ2Hn-alkane), is widely applied in paleoclimatology research. However, a direct reconstruction of the isotopic composition of paleoprecipitation based on δ2Hn-alkane alone can be challenging due to the overprint of the source water isotopic signal by leaf-water enrichment. The coupling of δ2Hn-alkane with δ18O of hemicellulose-derived sugars (δ18Osugar) has the potential to disentangle this effect and additionally allow relative humidity reconstructions. Here, we present δ2Hn-alkane as well as δ18Osugar results obtained from leaves of the plant species Eucalyptus globulus, Vicia faba var. minor and Brassica oleracea var. medullosa, which were grown under controlled conditions. We addressed the questions (i) do δ2Hn-alkane and δ18Osugar values allow precise reconstructions of leaf water isotope composition, (ii) how accurately does the reconstructed leaf-water-isotope composition enables relative humidity (RH) reconstruction in which the plants grew, and (iii) does the coupling of δ2Hn-alkane and δ18Osugar enable a robust source water calculation? For all investigated species, the alkane n-C29 was most abundant and therefore used for compound-specific δ2H measurements. For Vicia faba, additionally the δ2H values of n-C31 could be evaluated robustly. With regard to hemicellulose-derived monosaccharides, arabinose and xylose were most abundant and their δ18O values were therefore used to calculate weighted mean leaf δ18Osugar values. Both δ2Hn-alkane and δ18Osugar yielded significant correlations with δ2Hleaf-water and δ18Oleaf-water, respectively (r2 = 0.45 and 0.85, respectively; p
Recent changes in the dominant environmental controls of net biome productivity
Authors: Marcolla Barbara , Migliavacca Mirco , Rödenbeck Christian , Cescatti Alessandro
Published: November 2019

Abstract. In the last decades terrestrial ecosystems have reabsorbed on average more than one quarter of anthropogenic emissions (Le Quéré et al., 2018). However, this large carbon sink is modulated by climate and is therefore highly variable in time and space. The magnitude and temporal changes of the sensitivity of terrestrial CO2 fluxes to climate drivers are key factors to determine future atmospheric CO2 concentration and climate trajectories. In the literature there is so far a strong focus on the climatic controls of inter-annual variability, while less is known about the key drivers of the sub-annual variability of the fluxes. This latter temporal scale is relevant to assess which climatic drivers dominate the seasonality of the fluxes and to understand which factors limit the net ecosystem CO2 exchange. Here, we investigated the global sensitivity of terrestrial CO2 fluxes to three key climate drivers (i.e. global radiation, temperature and soil water content) from weekly to seasonal temporal scales, in order to explore the short-term interdependence between climate and the terrestrial carbon budget. We observed that the CO2 exchange over most of the land surface is controlled by temperature during the carbon uptake period, while radiation is the most widespread dominant climate driver during the carbon release period. As expected, soil water content plays a key role in arid regions of the southern hemisphere. Looking at the decadal trend of these sensitivities we observed that the importance of radiation as a driver is increasing over time, while we observed a decrease in sensitivity to temperature in Eurasia. Overall, we show that the temporal variation of the fluxes due to a specific driver is dominated by the temporal changes in ecosystem sensitivity rather than to the temporal variability of the driver itself. Ultimately this analysis shows that the response of the ecosystem to climate drivers is significantly changing both in space and in time, with potential repercussion on the future terrestrial CO2 sink and therefore on the role that land may play in climate mitigation.
Elemental Composition, Leachability Assessment and Spatial Variability Analysis of Surface Soils in the Mugan Plain in the Republic of Azerbaijan
Authors: Han Junho , Mammadov Zaman , Mammadov Elton , Lee Seoyeon , Park Jisuk , Mammadov Garib , Elovsat Guliyev , Ro Hee-Myong
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The Republic of Azerbaijan has suffered from low agricultural productivity caused by soil salinization and erosion, and limited and insufficient soil data are available for economic and political reasons. In this study, soil elemental composition and heavy metal levels were assessed by comparing the results of XRF and ICP-OES analyses for the first time. Leachability assessment and spatial variability analysis were conducted to understand the soil salinization properties, and 632 surface soil samples categorized as agricultural (Ag) or salt-affected (SA) soils from the Mugan Plain were collected and analyzed. Based on our observations, the elemental concentrations of Ca, Fe, Cl and S were high among 20 elements compared with the median values for world soils. Apatite, calcite, gypsum, quartz, olivine, microcline and jarosite were proposed as possible mineral structures. The heavy metal guidelines suggested by the neighboring country of Georgia would be appropriate for assessing heavy metal contamination, and Ni and Pb were the most concerning elements. Leachability assessment confirmed that 99 % of the cationic ions were cationic salts and Na was the most problematic ion. Analysis of the electrical conductivity and sum of leachates showed that the exchange of interlayer cations, dissolution of minerals with low dissolution rates, transformation of metal (hydr)oxides and additional precipitation would be the reasons for this disparity. More leachable salts were accumulated in the lowland area, which is due to water movement and high evaporation. The spatial analysis results confirmed the reciprocal relationship between total Ca and total Fe and between total Fe and DW-leached Fe. This result indicates that less-stable iron complexes are prevalent in SA soils, while stable iron complexes are found in Ag soils. We believe that this approach can provide a foundation for the international study of Azerbaijani soil by sharing soil and salinization data with researchers worldwide and can help to diminish or solve agricultural problems in both Azerbaijan and neighboring countries suffering from soil salinization.
Recent precipitation decrease across the western Greenland ice sheet percolation zone
Authors: Lewis Gabriel , Osterberg Erich , Hawley Robert , Marshall Hans Peter , Meehan Tate , Graeter Karina , McCarthy Forrest , Overly Thomas , Thundercloud Zayta , Ferris David
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) in a warming climate is
of critical interest in the context of future sea level rise. Increased
melting in the GrIS percolation zone due to atmospheric warming over the
past several decades has led to increased mass loss at lower elevations.
Previous studies have hypothesized that this warming is accompanied by a
precipitation increase, as would be expected from the Clausius–Clapeyron
relationship, compensating for some of the melt-induced mass loss throughout
the western GrIS. This study tests that hypothesis by calculating snow
accumulation rates and trends across the western GrIS percolation zone,
providing new accumulation rate estimates in regions with sparse in situ data or
data that do not span the recent accelerating surface melt. We present
accumulation records from sixteen 22–32 m long firn cores and 4436 km of
ground-penetrating radar, covering the past 20–60 years of accumulation,
collected across the western GrIS percolation zone as part of the Greenland
Traverse for Accumulation and Climate Studies (GreenTrACS) project. Trends
from both radar and firn cores, as well as commonly used regional climate
models, show decreasing accumulation rates of 2.4±1.5 % a−1
over the 1996–2016 period, which we attribute to shifting storm tracks
related to stronger atmospheric summer blocking over Greenland. Changes in
atmospheric circulation over the past 20 years, specifically anomalously
strong summertime blocking, have reduced GrIS surface mass balance through
both an increase in surface melting and a decrease in accumulation rates.
Snowfall increase counters glacier demise in Kunlun Shan and Karakoram
Authors: de Kok Remco J. , Kraaijenbrink Philip D. A. , Tuinenburg Obbe A. , Bonekamp Pleun N. J. , Immerzeel Walter W.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Glaciers in High Mountain Asia provide an important water resource for communities downstream and they are markedly impacted by global warming, yet there is a lack in understanding of the observed glacier mass balances and their spatial variability. In particular, the glaciers in the western Kunlun Shan and Karakoram ranges (WKSK) show neutral to positive mass balances despite global warming. Using models of the regional climate and glacier mass balance, we reproduce the observed patterns of glacier mass balance in High Mountain Asia of the last decades. We show that low temperature sensitivities of glaciers and an increase in snowfall, for a large part caused by increases in evapotranspiration from irrigated agriculture, result in positive mass balances in WKSK. The pattern of mass balances in High Mountain Asia can thus be understood from the combination of changes in climatic forcing and glacier properties, with an important role for irrigated agriculture.