bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Real-Time Estimation on Road Disturbances Properties Considering Load Variation via Vehicle Vertical Dynamics
Authors: Yu Wuhui , Zhang Xinjie , Guo Konghui , Karimi Hamid Reza , Ma Fangwu , Zheng Fumiao
Published: October 2013

Vehicle dynamics are directly dependent on tire-road contact forces and torques which are themselves dependent on the wheels’ load and tire-road friction characteristics. An acquisition of the road disturbance property is essential for the enhancement of vehicle suspension control systems. This paper focuses on designing an adaptive real-time road profile estimation observer considering load variation via vehicle vertical dynamics. Firstly, a road profile estimator based on a linear Kalman filter is proposed, which has great advantages on vehicle online control. Secondly, to minimize the estimation errors, an online identification system based on the Recursive Least-Squares Estimation is applied to estimate sprung mass, which is used to refresh the system matrix of the adaptive observer to improve the road estimation efficiency. Last, for mining road category from the estimated various road profile sequencse, a road categorizer considering road frequency and amplitude simultaneously is approached and its efficiency is validated via numerical simulations, in which the road condition is categorized into six special ranges, and this road detection strategy can provide the suspension control system with a better compromise for the vehicle ride comfort, handling, and safety performance.
The Application of Computer Musculoskeletal Modeling and Simulation to Investigate Compressive Tibiofemoral Force and Muscle Functions in Obese Children
Authors: Huang Liang , Zhuang Jie , Zhang Yanxin
Published: October 2013

This study aimed to utilize musculoskeletal modelling and simulation to investigate the compressive tibiofemoral force and individual muscle function in obese children. We generated a 3D muscle-driven simulation of eight obese and eight normal-weight boys walking at their self-selected speed. The compressive tibiofemoral force and individual muscle contribution to the support and progression accelerations of center of mass (COM) were computed for each participant based on the subject-specific model. The simulated results were verified by comparing them to the experimental kinematics and EMG data. We found a linear relationship between the average self-selected speed and the normalized peak compressive tibiofemoral force (R2=0.611). The activity of the quadriceps contributed the most to the peak compressive tibiofemoral force during the stance phase. Obese children and nonobese children use similar muscles to support and accelerate the body COM, but nonobese children had significantly greater contributions of individual muscles. The obese children may therefore adopt a compensation strategy to avoid increasing joint loads and muscle requirements during walking. The absolute compressive tibiofemoral force and muscle forces were still greater in obese children. The long-term biomechanical adaptations of the musculoskeletal system to accommodate the excess body weight during walking are a concern.
Modelling of Freight Trains Classification Using Queueing System Subject to Breakdowns
Authors: Dorda Michal , Teichmann Dušan
Published: October 2013

The paper presents a mathematical model and a simulation model of the freight trains classification process. We model the process as a queueing system with a server which is represented by a hump at a marshalling yard. We distinguish two types of shunting over the hump; primary shunting represents the classification of inbound freight trains over the hump (it is the primary function of marshalling yards), and secondary shunting is, for example, represented by the classification of trains of wagons entering the yard via industrial sidings. Inbound freight trains are considered to be customers in the system, and all needs of secondary shunting are failures of the hump because performing secondary shunting occupies the hump, and therefore inbound freight trains cannot be sorted. All random variables of the model are considered to be exponentially distributed with the exception of customer service times which are Erlang distributed. The mathematical model was created using method of stages and can be solved numerically employing a suitable software tool. The simulation model was created using coloured Petri nets. Both models are tested in conditions of a marshalling yard.
Mappings for Special Functions on Cantor Sets and Special Integral Transforms via Local Fractional Operators
Authors: Zhao Yang , Baleanu Dumitru , Baleanu Mihaela Cristina , Cheng De-Fu , Yang Xiao-Jun
Published: October 2013

The mappings for some special functions on Cantor sets are investigated. Meanwhile, we apply the local fractional Fourier series, Fourier transforms, and Laplace transforms to solve three local fractional differential equations, and the corresponding nondifferentiable solutions were presented.
Testing Normal Means: The Reconcilability of the P Value and the Bayesian Evidence
Authors: Yin Yuliang , Zhao Junlong
Published: October 2013

The problem of reconciling the frequentist and Bayesian evidence in testing statistical hypotheses has been extensively studied in the literature. Most of the existing work considers cases without the nuisance parameters which is not the frequently encountered situation since the presence of the nuisance parameters is very common in practice. In this paper, we consider the reconcilability of the Bayesian evidence against the null hypothesis H0 in terms of the posterior probability of H0 being true and the frequentist evidence against H0 in terms of the P value in testing normal means where the nuisance parameters are present. The reconcilability of evidence can be obtained both for testing a normal mean and for the Behrens‐Fisher problem.
Adaptive Sliding Mode Control Using Robust Feedback Compensator for MEMS Gyroscope
Authors: Fei Juntao , Wu Dan
Published: October 2013

An adaptive sliding mode control using robust feedback compensator is presented for a MEMS gyroscope in the presence of external disturbances and parameter uncertainties. An adaptive controller with a robust term is used to improve the robustness of the control system and compensate the system nonlinearities. The proposed robust adaptive control can estimate the angular velocity and all the system parameters including damping and stiffness coefficients in the Lyapunov framework. In addition, standard adaptive control scheme without robust algorithm is compared with the proposed robust adaptive scheme in the aspect of numerical simulation and algorithm derivation. Numerical simulations show that the robust adaptive control has better robustness in the presence of external disturbances than the standard adaptive control.
Pulmonary-Renal Syndrome with Negative ANCAs and Anti-GBM Antibody
Authors: Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Shirakami Atsuhisa , Haku Takashi , Taoka Takashige , Nakanishi Yoshikazu , Inai Toru , Hirose Takanori
Published: October 2013

We report the case of a 76-year-old woman who was referred to our hospital for a gradually worsening cough and renal dysfunction. Although pneumonia was initially suspected, imaging findings of the lungs revealed diffuse alveolar hemorrhage at a later date. Renal failure developed and hemodiafiltration was performed on the 9th day. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with crescent formation was diagnosed by renal biopsy. This case presentation has important clinical implications because uncategorizable pulmonary-renal syndrome (PRS) without the presence of ANCAs and anti-GBM antibody is extremely rare and has high rates of morbidity and mortality. No treatment has been established.
Effect of Additives and Process Variables on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Macauba Kernel Oil (Acrocomia aculeata)
Authors: Raspe Djéssica Tatiane , Cardozo Filho Lúcio , da Silva Camila
Published: October 2013

This work investigates the production of free fatty acids (FFAs) from the enzymatic hydrolysis of macauba kernel oil. Experiments evaluate the effect of different enzymes and the addition of salts, surfactants, and solvents to the reaction medium, as well as the effect of process variables. Results showed that FFA yields obtained for use of Lipozyme RM IM were higher than those obtained from Lipozyme TL IM and Lipozyme 435. The addition of salts and surfactants did not promote increased production of FFAs, while addingn-hexane and heptane to the reaction medium led to an increased reaction rate. It can be observed for the results that the temperature, water :  oil mass ratio, and enzyme percentage had positive effects on the FFA yield in the range of 35°C to 55°C, 1 :  20 to 1 :  2, and 1 to 15%, respectively, and that, from these limits, increases in these variables did not cause significant increase in FFA yields. The addition of buffer promoted an increase in yield FFAs, as well as the pH of the buffer, and it was reported that an agitation of 400 rpm resulted in the highest yields in the investigated range.
Bilateral Ectopic Hypoplastic Uteri Attached to Bilateral Pelvic Sidewalls in a 21-Year-Old Patient with Primary Amenorrhea: The First Published Report
Authors: Nazer Ahmed , Abu-Zaid Ahmed , AlOmar Osama , Salem Hany , Azzam Ayman , Al-Badawi Ismail A.
Published: October 2013

Müllerian duct anomalies (MDAs) encompass a group of anatomical malformations resulting from defective development, fusion, migration, or resorption of Müllerian (paramesonephric) ducts during embryonic life. Herein, we report the first case of an exceedingly uncommon MDA (bilateral ectopic hypoplastic uteri attached to bilateral pelvic sidewalls) in a 21-year-old woman who was referred to our tertiary care center as a case of primary amenorrhea for workup and further management.
Integrated Modeling and Intelligent Control Methods of Grinding Process
Authors: Wang Jie-sheng , Shen Na-na , Sun Shi-feng
Published: October 2013

The grinding process is a typical complex nonlinear multivariable process with strongly coupling and large time delays. Based on the data-driven modeling theory, the integrated modeling and intelligent control method of grinding process is carried out in the paper, which includes the soft-sensor model of economic and technique indexes, the optimized set-point model utilizing case-based reasoning, and the self-tuning PID decoupling controller. For forecasting the key technology indicators (grinding granularity and mill discharge rate of grinding process), an adaptive soft-sensor modeling method based on wavelet neural network optimized by the improved shuffled frog leaping algorithm (ISFLA) is proposed. Then, a set point optimization control strategy of grinding process based on case-based reasoning (CBR) method is adopted to obtain the optimized velocity set-point of ore feed and pump water feed in the grinding process controlled loops. Finally, a self-tuning PID decoupling controller optimized is used to control the grinding process. Simulation results and industrial application experiments clearly show the feasibility and effectiveness of control methods and satisfy the real-time control requirements of the grinding process.
Cross-Modal Plasticity Results in Increased Inhibition in Primary Auditory Cortical Areas
Authors: Mao Yu-Ting , Pallas Sarah L.
Published: October 2013

Loss of sensory input from peripheral organ damage, sensory deprivation, or brain damage can result in adaptive or maladaptive changes in sensory cortex. In previous research, we found that auditory cortical tuning and tonotopy were impaired by cross-modal invasion of visual inputs. Sensory deprivation is typically associated with a loss of inhibition. To determine whether inhibitory plasticity is responsible for this process, we measured pre- and postsynaptic changes in inhibitory connectivity in ferret auditory cortex (AC) after cross-modal plasticity. We found that blocking GABAAreceptors increased responsiveness and broadened sound frequency tuning in the cross-modal group more than in the normal group. Furthermore, expression levels of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) protein were increased in the cross-modal group. We also found that blocking inhibition unmasked visual responses of some auditory neurons in cross-modal AC. Overall, our data suggest a role for increased inhibition in reducing the effectiveness of the abnormal visual inputs and argue that decreased inhibition is not responsible for compromised auditory cortical function after cross-modal invasion. Our findings imply that inhibitory plasticity may play a role in reorganizing sensory cortex after cross-modal invasion, suggesting clinical strategies for recovery after brain injury or sensory deprivation.
Oblique Corrections in the MSSM at One-Loop—Part I: Scalars
Authors: Yu Yao , Zheng Sibo
Published: October 2013

This paper is devoted to reconsider the one-loop oblique corrections arising from the scalar superpartners in the MSSM, that is, the squarks, the sleptons, and the scalars in Higgs sector. We explicitly present the complete one-loop forms of self-energy corrections to the gauge bosons of SM electroweak gauge groups, as well as their descendants theS,T, andUparameters, which can be directly applied to constrain the parameter space of the MSSM. Our results about one-loop self energies are found to agree with Drees et al. (1992) and Pierce et al. (1997). Nevertheless, theS,T, andUparameters are not in agreement with Dobado et al. (1999).
Efficient and Convenient Synthesis of 1,8‐Dioxodecahydroacridine Derivatives Using Cu‐Doped ZnO Nanocrystalline Powder as a Catalyst under Solvent‐Free Conditions
Authors: Alinezhad Heshmatollah , Mohseni Tavakkoli Sahar
Published: October 2013

A simple and convenient one‐step method for synthesis of acridines and their derivatives from condensation of aromatic aldehydes, cyclic diketones, and aryl amines using Cu‐doped ZnO nanocrystalline powder as a catalyst is reported. The present protocol provides several advantages such as good yields, short reaction time, easy workup, and simplicity in operation.
Generalized Synchronization of Different Chaotic Systems Based on Nonnegative Off-Diagonal Structure
Authors: Guo Ling , Nian Xiaohong , Pan Huan
Published: October 2013

The generalized synchronization problem is studied in this paper for different chaotic systems with the aid of the direct design method. Based on Lyapunov stability theory and matrix theory, some sufficient conditions guaranteeing the stability of a nonlinear system with nonnegative off-diagonal structure are obtained. Then the control scheme is designed from the stable system by the direct design method. Finally, two numerical simulations are provided to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.
Generalizations of Fixed-Point Theorems of Altman and Rothe Types
Authors: Sun Li , Sun Jingxian , Wang Guangwa
Published: October 2013

It is intended to present some extensions of the famous Altman and Rothe types fixed-point theorems. The inequality conditions are relaxed to theα-positive-homogeneous operator. Some new fixed-point theorems are obtained with the help of the theory of topological degree.
Amelioration of Sarcoptic Mange-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Dogs by UsingCalendula officinalisFlower Extracts
Authors: Singh Shanker K. , Dimri Umesh
Published: October 2013

Twenty-four clinicallySarcoptes-infested dogs were randomly enrolled into three groups (groups A, B, and C), 8 dogs in each group. Group A was treated with ivermectin +Calendula officinalisflower extract (CFE). Group B was treated with ivermectin + N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) (standard positive controls), while group C (negative control) was treated with ivermectin alone. Another eight healthy dogs were used as healthy controls (group D). By day 28 after therapy, the dogs treated adjunctly with CFE as well as with N-acetyl cysteine revealed significant () amelioration of the altered markers of oxidative stress towards normalcy. The dogs of these groups also revealed significant () amelioration of apoptotic leukocytes towards normalcy, and values were comparable to those of the healthy controls. While by day 28 after therapy, ivermectin alone treated dogs could not achieve comparable values to those of the healthy controls. The dogs treated adjunctly with CFE and N-acetyl cysteine also revealed faster parasitological as well as clinical cure rate as compared to the ivermectin alone treated dogs. In conclusion, CFE has remarkable antioxidant and antiapoptotic potential and can constitute a potential adjunctive remedy with miticide for the therapeutic management of canine sarcoptic mange.
Production Cycle for Large Scale Fission Mo-99 Separation by the Processing of Irradiated LEU Uranium Silicide Fuel Element Targets
Authors: Sameh Abdel-Hadi Ali
Published: October 2013

Uranium silicide fuels proved over decades their exceptional qualification for the operation of higher flux material testing reactors with LEU elements. The application of such fuels as target materials, particularly for the large scale fission Mo-99 producers, offers an efficient and economical solution for the related facilities. The realization of such aim demands the introduction of a suitable dissolution process for the applied U3Si2compound. Excellent results are achieved by the oxidizing dissolution of the fuel meat in hydrofluoric acid at room temperature. The resulting solution is directly behind added to an over stoichiometric amount of potassium hydroxide solution. Uranium and the bulk of fission products are precipitated together with the transuranium compounds. The filtrate contains the molybdenum and the soluble fission product species. It is further treated similar to the in-full scale proven process. The generated off gas stream is handled also as experienced before after passing through KOH washing solution. The generated alkaline fluoride containing waste solution is noncorrosive. Nevertheless fluoride can be selectively bonded as in soluble CaF2by addition of a mixture of solid calcium hydroxide calcium carbonate to the sand cement mixture used for waste solidification. The generated elevated amounts of LEU remnants can be recycled and retargeted. The related technology permits the minimization of the generated fuel waste, saving environment, and improving processing economy.
Monitoring Patient Improvement Parameters following Pasireotide Treatment in Cushing’s Disease
Authors: Yedinak Chris , Brzana Jessica , Fleseriu Maria
Published: October 2013

Cushing’s disease (CD) is a disorder in which chronic excess adrenocorticotropic hormone production is associated with multiple comorbidities and diminished quality of life. Postsurgical monitoring is important, and newer therapies are available for the management of surgical failure or disease recurrence. In this clinical case, we illustrate the importance of the nursing role in long-term management of CD, particularly as nurses may be the first point of contact for patients with CD. Alertness to disease signs and symptoms is crucial for timely diagnosis and improved outcomes. Successful therapy for CD requires careful monitoring of hormonal control, metabolic parameters, and therapy complications. Ongoing management requires lifelong monitoring of metabolic parameters, of side effects of treatment, and of signs of disease recurrence. Appropriate referrals may be required to facilitate overall outcomes and patient wellbeing. This patient was enrolled in a Phase III trial that was registered in the USA with clinicaltrial.gov.
On the Hybrid Mean Value Involving Kloosterman Sums and Sums Analogous to Dedekind Sums
Authors: Han Di , Zhang Wenpeng
Published: October 2013

The main purpose of this paper is using the properties of Gauss sums and the mean value theorem of DirichletL-functions to study one kind of hybrid mean value problems involving Kloosterman sums and sums analogous to Dedekind sums and give two exact computational formulae for them.
The Effect of Performing a Dual Task on Postural Control in Children with Autism
Authors: Bucci Maria Pia , Doyen Catherine , Contenjean Yves , Kaye Kelley
Published: October 2013

The aim of the study was to explore the effect of eye movements (saccades and pursuits) on postural stability in children with autism versus typically developing children of comparable age. Postural stability was recorded with a platform (Techno Concept) in seven children with autism (mean age: 6 ± 0.8) while fixating a target or making saccades or pursuit eye movements. Data was compared to that of seven age-matched typically developing children. Surface area and mean speed of the center of pressure (CoP) were measured. Autistic children (AC) were more instable than typically developing children (TD), both in simple as well as dual task conditions. Performing a dual task thus affects AC and TD children in a different way. AC stability is not improved during saccades or pursuit eye movements in the dual task condition; in contrast, saccades significantly improve postural stability in TD children. The postural instability observed in AC during simple as well as dual task supports the hypothesis that such children have deficits in cerebellar functions.
Exact Solutions for Some Fractional Partial Differential Equations by the Method
Authors: Zheng Bin
Published: October 2013

We apply the method to seek exact solutions for several fractional partial differential equations including the space-time fractional (2 + 1)-dimensional dispersive long wave equations, the (2 + 1)-dimensional space-time fractional Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov system, and the time fractional fifth-order Sawada-Kotera equation. The fractional derivative is defined in the sense of modified Riemann-liouville derivative. Based on a certain variable transformation, these fractional partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations of integer order. With the aid of mathematical software, a variety of exact solutions for them are obtained.
Performance Reliability Prediction of Complex System Based on the Condition Monitoring Information
Authors: Wang Hongxing , Jiang Yu
Published: October 2013

Complex system performance reliability prediction is one of the means to understand complex systems reliability level, make maintenance decision, and guarantee the safety of operation. By the use of complex system condition monitoring information and condition monitoring information based on support vector machine, the paper aims to provide an evaluation of the degradation of complex system performance. With degradation assessment results as input variables, the prediction model of reliability is established in Winer random process. Taking the aircraft engine as an example, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified in the paper.
Parameter Identification and Synchronization of Uncertain Chaotic Systems Based on Sliding Mode Observer
Authors: Huang Li-lian , Lin Lei
Published: October 2013

The synchronization of nonlinear uncertain chaotic systems is investigated. We propose a sliding mode state observer scheme which combines the sliding mode control with observer theory and apply it into the uncertain chaotic system with unknown parameters and bounded interference. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, the constraints of synchronization and proof are given. This method not only can realize the synchronization of chaotic systems, but also identify the unknown parameters and obtain the correct parameter estimation. Otherwise, the synchronization of chaotic systems with unknown parameters and bounded external disturbances is robust by the design of the sliding surface. Finally, numerical simulations on Liu chaotic system with unknown parameters and disturbances are carried out. Simulation results show that this synchronization and parameter identification has been totally achieved and the effectiveness is verified very well.
Application of the Critical Heat Flux Look-Up Table to Large Diameter Tubes
Authors: El Nakla M. , Habib M. , Ahmed W. , Al-Sarkhi A. , Ben Mansour R. , Al-Awwad M. Y.
Published: October 2013

The critical heat flux look-up table was applied to a large diameter tube, namely 67 mm inside diameter tube, to predict the occurrence of the phenomenon for both vertical and horizontal uniformly heated tubes. Water was considered as coolant. For the vertical tube, a diameter correction factor was directly applied to the 1995 critical heat flux look-up table. To predict the occurrence of critical heat flux in horizontal tube, an extra correction factor to account for flow stratification was applied. Both derived tables were used to predict the effect of high heat flux and tube blockage on critical heat flux occurrence in boiler tubes. Moreover, the horizontal tube look-up table was used to predict the safety limits of the operation of boiler for 50% allowable heat flux.
Eigenvector-Free Solutions to the Matrix EquationAXBH=Ewith Two Special Constraints
Authors: Qiu Yuyang
Published: October 2013

The matrix equationAXBH=EwithSX=XRorPX=sXQconstraint is considered, whereS, Rare Hermitian idempotent,P, Qare Hermitian involutory, ands=±1. By the eigenvalue decompositions ofS, R, the equationAXBH=EwithSX=XRconstraint is equivalently transformed to an unconstrained problem whose coefficient matrices contain the corresponding eigenvectors, with which the constrained solutions are constructed. The involved eigenvectors are released by Moore-Penrose generalized inverses, and the eigenvector-free formulas of the general solutions are presented. By choosing suitable matricesS, R, we also present the eigenvector-free formulas of the general solutions to the matrix equationAXBH=EwithPX=sXQconstraint.
Estimation of Blast Severity on Rye and Triticale Spikes by Digital Image Analysis
Authors: Nunes Maciel João Leodato , do Nascimento Junior Alfredo , Boaretto Cristina
Published: October 2013

In Brazil, more efficient methods are a necessity for evaluating blast severity on spikes in the breeding programs of rye, triticale, wheat, and barley. The objective of this work was to determine the feasibility of assessing blast severity based on the analysis of digital images of symptomatic rye and triticale spikes. Triticale and rye genotypes were grown to anthesis in pots and were then inoculated with a mixture ofMagnaporthe oryzaeisolates. Blast severity on the spikes was evaluated visually and after that the spikes were detached and photographed. Blast severity was determined using the program ImageJ to analyze the obtained images. Two methods of image analysis were used: selection of symptomatic areas using a mouse cursor (SCU) and selection of symptomatic areas using image segmentation (SIS). The SCU method was considered the standard reference method for determining the true value of blast severity on spikes. An analysis of variance did not determine any difference among the evaluation methods. The coefficient of determination (R2) obtained from a linear regression analysis between the variables SIS and SCU was 0.615. The obtained data indicate that the evaluation of blast severity on spikes based on image segmentation is feasible and reliable.
Association of a FGFR-4 Gene Polymorphism with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Neonatal Respiratory Distress
Authors: Rezvani Milad , Wilde Juliane , Vitt Patricia , Mailaparambil Beena , Grychtol Ruth , Krueger Marcus , Heinzmann Andrea
Published: October 2013

Background. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common chronic lung disease of premature birth, characterized by impaired alveolar development and inflammation. Pathomechanisms contributing to BPD are poorly understood. However, it is assumed that genetic factors predispose to BPD and other pulmonary diseases of preterm neonates, such as neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). For association studies, genes upregulated during alveolarization are major candidates for genetic analysis, for example,matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)andfibroblast growth factors (FGFs)and their receptors(FGFR).Objective. Determining genetic risk variants in a Caucasian population of premature neonates with BPD and RDS.Methods. We genotyped 27 polymorphisms within 14 candidate genes via restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP):MMP-1, -2, -9, and -12, -16, FGF receptors 2 and 4, FGF-2, -3, -4, -7, and -18, Signal-Regulatory Proteinα(SIRPA)andThyroid Transcription Factor-1 (TTF-1).Results. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) inMMP-9, MMP-12, FGFR-4, FGF-3, and FGF-7are associated () with RDS, defined as surfactant application within the first 24 hours after birth. One of them, inFGFR-4(rs1966265), is associated with both RDS () and BPD ().Conclusion. rs1966265 inFGF receptor 4is a possible genetic key variant in alveolar diseases of preterm newborns.
Weakly Compatible Maps Using E.A. and (CLR) Properties in Complex Valued G-Metric Spaces
Authors: Singh Balbir , Gupta Vishal , Kumar Sanjay
Published: October 2013

We introduce the notion of complex valued G-metric spaces and prove common fixed point theorems for weakly compatible maps along with E.A. and (CLR) properties in complex valued G-metric spaces.
Managing Inflammation after Spinal Cord Injury through Manipulation of Macrophage Function
Authors: Ren Yi , Young Wise
Published: October 2013

Spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers inflammation with activation of innate immune responses that contribute to secondary injury including oligodendrocyte apoptosis, demyelination, axonal degeneration, and neuronal death. Macrophage activation, accumulation, and persistent inflammation occur in SCI. Macrophages are heterogeneous cells with extensive functional plasticity and have the capacity to switch phenotypes by factors present in the inflammatory microenvironment of the injured spinal cord. This review will discuss the role of different polarized macrophages and the potential effect of macrophage-based therapies for SCI.
Clinical Spectrum of Propionic Acidaemia
Authors: Rafique Muhammad
Published: October 2013

Objectives. To evaluate the clinical features, physical findings, diagnosis, and laboratory parameters of the patients with propionic acidaemia (PA).Methods. The records of diagnosed cases of propionic acidaemia were reviewed, retrospectively.Results. Twenty-six patients with PA had 133 admissions. The majority (85%) of the patients exhibited clinical manifestations in the 1st week of life. Regarding clinical features, lethargy, fever, poor feeding, vomiting, dehydration, muscular hypotonia, respiratory symptoms, encephalopathy, disturbance of tone and reflexes, and malnutrition were observed in 51–92% admissions. Metabolic crises, respiratory diseases, hyperammonaemia, metabolic acidosis, hypoalbuminaemia, and hypocalcaemia were observed in 30–96% admissions. Pancytopenia, ketonuria, hypoproteinemia, hypoglycaemia, and mildly disturbed liver enzymes were found in 12–41% admissions. Generalised brain oedema was detected in 17% and cerebral atrophy in 25% admissions. Gender-wise odd ratio analysis showed value of 1.9 for lethargy, 1.99 for respiratory diseases, 0.55 for anaemia, and 1.82 for hypocalcaemia.Conclusion. Propionic acidaemia usually presents with wide spectrum of clinical features and disturbances of laboratory parameters in early neonatal age. It is associated with significant complications which deteriorate the patients’ quality of life. Perhaps with early diagnosis of the disease and in time intervention, these may be preventable.
Propagation and Wireless Channel Modeling Development on Wide-Sense Vehicle-to-X Communications
Authors: Jiang Wenyi , Guan Ke , Zhong Zhangdui , Ai Bo , He Ruisi , Chen Binghao , Li Yuanxuan , You Jia
Published: October 2013

The need for improving the safety and the efficiency of transportation systems has become of extreme importance. In this regard, the concept of vehicle-to-X (V2X) communication has been introduced with the purpose of providing wireless communication technology in vehicular networks. Not like the traditional views, the wide-sense V2X (WSV2X) communications in this paper are defined by including not only vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications but also train-to-X (T2X) communications constituted of train-to-train (T2T) and train-to-infrastructure (T2I) communications. All the information related to the wide-sense V2X channels, such as the standardization, scenarios, characters, and modeling philosophies, is organized and summarized to form the comprehensive understanding of the development of the WSV2X channels.
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Antitumor Activity of Dalantercept, an Activin Receptor–like Kinase-1 Ligand Trap, in Patients with Advanced Cancer
Authors: Bendell Johanna C. , Gordon Michael S. , Hurwitz Herbert I. , Jones Suzanne F. , Mendelson David S. , Blobe Gerard C. , Agarwal Neeraj , Condon Carolyn H. , Wilson Dawn , Pearsall Amelia E. , Yang Yijun , McClure Ty , Attie Kenneth M. , Sherman Matthew L. , Sharma Sunil
Published: October 2013

Purpose: The angiogenesis inhibitor dalantercept (formerly ACE-041) is a soluble form of activin receptor–like kinase-1 (ALK1) that prevents activation of endogenous ALK1 by bone morphogenetic protein-9 (BMP9) and BMP10 and exhibits antitumor activity in preclinical models. This first-in-human study of dalantercept evaluated its safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and antitumor activity in adults with advanced solid tumors.

Experimental Design: Patients in dose-escalating cohorts received dalantercept subcutaneously at one of seven dose levels (0.1–4.8 mg/kg) every 3 weeks until disease progression. Patients in an expansion cohort received dalantercept at 0.8 or 1.6 mg/kg every 3 weeks until disease progression.

Results: In 37 patients receiving dalantercept, the most common treatment-related adverse events were peripheral edema, fatigue, and anemia. Edema and fluid retention were dose-limiting toxicities and responded to diuretic therapy. No clinically significant, treatment-related hypertension, proteinuria, gross hemorrhage, or gastrointestinal perforations were observed. One patient with refractory squamous cell cancer of the head and neck had a partial response, and 13 patients had stable disease according to RECISTv1.1, eight of whom had prolonged periods (≥12 weeks) of stable disease. Correlative pharmacodynamic markers included tumor metabolic activity and tumor blood flow, which decreased from baseline in 63% and 82% of evaluable patients, respectively, and telangiectasia in eight patients.

Conclusion: Dalantercept was well-tolerated at doses up to 1.6 mg/kg, with a safety profile distinct from inhibitors of the VEGF pathway. Dalantercept displayed promising antitumor activity in patients with advanced refractory cancer, and multiple phase II studies are underway. Clin Cancer Res; 20(2); 480–9. ©2013 AACR.
L-Carnitine Ameliorates L-Asparaginase-Induced Acute Liver Toxicity in Steatotic Rat Livers
Authors: Roesmann Anne , Afify Mamdouh , Panse Jens , Eisert Albrecht , Steitz Julia , Tolba Rene H.
Published: October 2013

Background: Chemotherapy with L-asparaginase is associated with hepatotoxicity resulting in organ dysfunction in patients with preexisting liver disorders. This study investigated the protective effect of L-carnitine during chemotherapy in a steatotic rat liver model. Methods: Livers from nonsteatotic and steatotic rats were tested in an isolated liver reperfusion model adding L-asparaginase and L-carnitine to the reperfusate. Portal venous pressure (PVP), hepatic oxygen consumption, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase and α-glutathione S-transferase levels were assessed. Further histopathological analysis was performed and cytotoxicity was verified in vitro. Results:L-Asparaginase induced toxicity in fatty livers whereas low toxicity was observed in normal livers. L-Carnitine induced a decline in PVP and oxygen consumption, and reduced parenchymal and mitochondrial damage in fatty livers. Cytotoxicity of L-asparaginase was not impaired by the presence of L-carnitine. Conclusions: Our study emphasizes the potential of L-carnitine to reduce L-asparaginase-induced hepatotoxicity in patients with preexisting liver disorders.
The Association Study of Plasma Levels of Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor with Acute Coronary Syndrome in the Chinese Han Population
Authors: Liu Jie , Wang Shuxia , Shi Jinxin , Guo Yuanyuan , Liu Jianfeng , Tao Tao , Zhu Ping
Published: October 2013

Objects: To investigate the relationship between plasma levels of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the Chinese Han population. Methods: Plasma PEDF levels were measured in 200 consecutive ACS patients and 160 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine whether PEDF was an independently protective factor against ACS. All ACS patients were followed up for 6 months and the short-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were obtained: cardiac death and recurrent angina. Results: The ACS patients showed notably lower plasma PEDF levels relative to the control group (7.31 ± 2.21 vs. 8.44 ± 2.13 μg/ml, respectively, p = 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that PEDF had a significant protective effect against ACS (OR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.623-0.935, p = 0.01). After 6 months of follow-up, we found that the mean PEDF concentration of the patients with short-term MACE was lower than the patients without (6.05 ± 2.18 vs. 7.52 ± 2.07 µg/ml, p = 0.031). The Kaplan-Meier survival curves suggested that patients with plasma PEDF levels <7.00 µg/ml showed a lower survival trend than those in the higher group, but the difference was not significant (p = 0.477). Conclusions: Our study indicates that plasma PEDF levels are significantly lower in ACS patients than in controls, and lower PEDF levels are further associated with adverse cardiac outcomes after ACS.
Opiate- and Cocaine-Related Fatal Overdoses in Luxembourg from 1985 to 2011: A Study on Gender Differences
Authors: Origer Alain , Lopes da Costa Sofia , Baumann Michèle
Published: October 2013

Background/Aim: We analysed gender differences in national fatal overdose (FOD) cases related to opiates and cocaine use between 1985 and 2011 (n = 340). Methods: Cross-examination of national data from law enforcement and drug use surveillance sources and of forensic evidence. Bivariate and logistic regression analysis of male/female differences according to sociodemographics, forensic evidence and drug use trajectories. Results: The burden of deaths caused by FOD on the general national mortality was higher for men (PMR/100 = 0.55) compared with women (PMR/100 = 0.34). Compared with their male peers, women were younger at the time of death (t = 3.274; p = 0.001) and showed shorter drug use careers (t = 2.228; p = 0.028). Heroin use was recorded more frequently in first drug offences of female victims (AOR = 6.59; 95% CI 2.97-14.63) and according to forensic evidence, psychotropic prescription drugs were detected to a higher degree in females (AOR = 2.019; 95% CI 1.065-3.827). Conclusion: The time window between the onset of illicit drug use and its fatal outcome revealed to be shorter for women versus men included in our study. Early intervention in female drug users, routine involvement of first-line healthcare providers and increased attention to use of poly- and psychotropic prescription drugs might contribute to prevent premature drug-related death and reduce gender differences.
Anwendung von Cardiodoron® bei Patienten mit funktionellen Herz-Kreislauf-Beschwerden und/oder Schlafstörungen - Ergebnisse einer prospektiven, nichtinterventionellen Beobachtungsstudie
Authors: Rother Claudia
Published: October 2013

Hintergrund: Etwa 25-40% aller Herzpatienten können den funktionellen Herz-Kreislauf-Beschwerden zugeordnet werden, d.h. organische Ursachen sind nicht nachweisbar. Charakteristische Symptome sind Tachykardie, Palpitationen, Herzrhythmusstörungen, Hyperventilation, Schwindel, vasovagale Synkopen und Schlafstörungen, wobei Letztere auch für sich genommen ein Problem darstellen. Diesen Erkrankungen liegen gestörte vegetative Rhythmen zugrunde. Das Arzneimittel Cardiodoron wirkt mit den 3 Heilpflanzen Primula veris (Frühlingsprimel bzw. Schlüsselblume), Hyoscyamus niger (Bilsenkraut) und Onopordum acanthium (Eselsdistel) den Störungen in der vegetativen Rhythmik entgegen. Patienten und Methoden: Mittels einer prospektiven, multizentrischen Beobachtungsstudie sollte unter anderem ermittelt werden, wie sich erkrankungstypische Beschwerden unter der Behandlung mit Cardiodoron (Dilution) entwickeln. Im Zeitraum von September 2009 bis März 2012 dokumentierten zu diesem Zweck 92 Ärzte 501 Patienten mit funktionellen Herz-Kreislauf-Beschwerden und/oder Schlafstörungen, die 3-6 Monate mit Cardiodoron behandelt wurden. Nach einer Aufnahmeuntersuchung erfolgte nach 90 Tagen (± 10 Tage) eine Abschlussuntersuchung und bei Fortführung der Therapie nach nochmals 90 Tagen (± 10 Tage) eine Follow-up-Untersuchung. Neben ärztlicherseits bewerteten 30 Symptomen beurteilten die Patienten ihr Befinden anhand der Beschwerden-Liste nach v. Zerssen (B-L und B-L') und dem Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) nach Buysse. Ergebnisse: Sowohl die Ausprägung der funktionellen Herz-Kreislauf-Beschwerden als auch der Schlafstörungen ging deutlich zurück. Gleiches gilt durchgehend für die erfassten 30 krankheitstypischen Symptome. Weiterhin reduzierte sich der Gesamtwert der Beschwerden-Liste signifikant; ebenso der PSQI. Der größte Effekt bei allen erfassten Wirkparametern war nach 3 Monaten messbar. Die fortgesetzte Behandlung mit Cardiodoron stabilisierte die Symptomatik nochmals und führte zu einer weiteren Besserung. Eine erste Wirksamkeit konnten die Patienten im Mittel bereits nach 13 Tagen Behandlung feststellen. Die Verträglichkeit wurde fast durchgehend mit «sehr gut / gut» bewertet. Entsprechend lag auch eine gute Akzeptanz des Präparates bei den Patienten vor, die sich zu 70% in einer sehr guten Compliance äußerte. 52% der Patienten wendeten zusätzliche Therapien an. Schlussfolgerungen: Cardiodoron zeigt in der praktischen Anwendung positive Effekte und ist ein gut verträgliches Arzneimittel zur Behandlung von funktionellen Herz-Kreislauf-Beschwerden und/oder Schlafstörungen mit oder ohne Begleittherapien.
Eight Forms of Moving Meditation for Preventing Falls in Community-Dwelling Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Authors: Chang Mei-Ying , Lin Chin-Lan , Wu Tsung-Mao , Chu Mei-Chi , Huang Tse-Hung , Chen Hsiao-Yu
Published: October 2013

Background: In numerous countries worldwide, fall prevention among older adults is a major public health issue. For older adults, regular participation in moderate physical activity or exercise lowers the risks of falls. However, scant information is available regarding the prevention strategies that the most at-risk groups may undertake. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of a fall prevention strategy, eight forms of moving meditation (EFMM), on community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults in Taiwan. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study; 84 participants were recruited from Taipei in Taiwan. For 12 weeks, participants in the experimental group performed 30-min EFMM 3 times per week. The measurements included a Functional Reach Test (FRT), Timed Get-up-and-Go Test (TGUG), and a One-Leg Stance Test (OLST) with eyes both opened and closed. All were conducted at the baseline and 12 weeks after intervention. Results: The participants who performed EFMM showed a significant and positive performance on FRT, TGUG, and OLST with eyes opened and eyes closed compared to those in the control group. Conclusion: The results suggest that EFMM is an effective strategy for enhancing balance and functional mobility and preventing falls among community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults.
Attitudes towards the Eradication of Measles and CAM Orientation of General Physicians. Is There a Direct Link? A Decision Tree Analysis
Authors: Ostermann Thomas , Raak Christa , Boehm Katja , Schmidt-Troschke Stefan
Published: October 2013

Background: The goal of measles eradication is still broadly discussed by health care authorities. Several studies suggest negative attitudes of general physicians (GPs) oriented in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) with regard to measles eradication. We intended to identify prognostic factors for positive/negative attitudes in a survey of German GPs. Methods: In 2004, a total of 732 GPs received a questionnaire to evaluate their attitudes towards the eradication of measles asking for age, gender, medical qualification, license by health insurance, CAM orientation, monthly number of early detection checkups, patients per day, appraisal of significance of legal aspects and parents' autonomy. We carried out a QUEST decision tree analysis to identify predictors for a positive/negative attitude towards the eradication of measles. Results: 621 GPs (348 conventional vs. 273 CAM-oriented GPs) sufficiently completed the questionnaire and were included in this analysis. 256 physicians (41%) had a negative attitude towards the eradication of measles. In a 3-level decision tree we found a high number of early detection checkups (U9) in children being the first predictor for a positive attitude, followed in the second node by the CAM orientation. Based on this decision tree only 27 attitudes of GPs (4.4%) were falsely classified as yielding to a kappa index of agreement of k = 0.91 (95% CI: 0.88-0.94). Discussion: The CAM orientation of the physicians is not the only predictor for positive or negative attitudes towards measles eradication. In particular, the number of early detection checkups of children seems to play a major role in this context. Future research should focus on this aspect.
Bryostatin Improves Survival and Reduces Ischemic Brain Injury in Aged Rats After Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Tan Zhenjun , Turner Ryan C. , Leon Rachel L. , Li Xinlan , Hongpaisan Jarin , Zheng Wen , Logsdon Aric F. , Naser Zachary J. , Alkon Daniel L. , Rosen Charles L. , Huber Jason D.
Published: October 2013

Background and Purpose—

Bryostatin, a potent protein kinase C (PKC) activator, has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in preclinical models of associative memory, Alzheimer disease, global ischemia, and traumatic brain injury. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that administration of bryostatin provides a therapeutic benefit in reducing brain injury and improving stroke outcome using a clinically relevant model of cerebral ischemia with tissue plasminogen activator reperfusion in aged rats.

Methods—

Acute cerebral ischemia was produced by reversible occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (MCAO) in 18- to 20-month-old female Sprague–Dawley rats using an autologous blood clot with tissue plasminogen activator–mediated reperfusion. Bryostatin was administered at 6 hours post-MCAO, then at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 days after MCAO. Functional assessment was conducted at 2, 7, 14, and 21 days after MCAO. Lesion volume and hemispheric swelling/atrophy were performed at 2, 7, and 21 days post-MCAO. Histological assessment of PKC isozymes was performed at 24 hours post-MCAO.

Results—

Bryostatin-treated rats showed improved survival post-MCAO, especially during the first 4 days. Repeated administration of bryostatin post-MCAO resulted in reduced infarct volume, hemispheric swelling/atrophy, and improved neurological function at 21 days post-MCAO. Changes in αPKC expression and εPKC expression in neurons were noted in bryostatin-treated rats at 24 hours post-MCAO.

Conclusions—

Repeated bryostatin administration post-MCAO protected the brain from severe neurological injury post-MCAO. Bryostatin treatment improved survival rate, reduced lesion volume, salvaged tissue in infarcted hemisphere by reducing necrosis and peri-infarct astrogliosis, and improved functional outcome after MCAO.
Happy birthday Willi Hennig!—Hyptia hennigi sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Evaniidae), a fossil ensign wasp from Eocene Baltic amber
Authors: JENNINGS JOHN T. , KROGMANN LARS , PRIYA PRIYA
Published: October 2013

The ensign wasp genus Hyptia Illiger was previously known from 52 extant New World species and one fossil species from Lower Miocene to Upper Oligocene Mexican amber. Hyptia hennigi sp. nov., from Eocene Baltic amber, is the oldest known species and the first member of the genus from the Old World.