bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Academic Writing in English in the Structure of Higher Education in Russia
Authors: Shpit E. I. , Kurovskiy V. N.
Published: March 2020

Intensification of research work at engineering universities of Russian Federation leads to the increase of publication activity of graduate and PhD students in high-impact English language journals. However, the level of academic writing skills still remains rather low. On one hand, it results from the fact that the majority of applicants to engineering institutions have only basic knowledge of a foreign language. On the other hand, the curriculums of most Russian universities do not include developing academic writing skills as a stand-alone discipline or a part of the “Foreign Language” discipline. This paper aims at considering the main constituents of academic writing in a foreign language, such as the current state policy in higher education, the content of academic writing for engineering specialties, the publication process participants, the available resources for developing and improving the required skills in the realities of university language education; as well as identifying the external factors which create favorable conditions for developing academic writing skills of engineering students.
Interessenpolitische (Neu-)Orientierung an Care-Arbeit
Authors: Roller Katrin
Published: March 2020

Care-Arbeit wird bisher wenig aus interessenpolitischer Perspektive betrachtet. Der konzeptionell angelegte Artikel untersucht Care-Arbeit in unterschiedlichen gesellschaftlichen Sphären hinsichtlich der Herausforderungen und Problemlagen, mit denen Erwerbstätige und erwerbsfähige Personen, die Care leisten, konfrontiert werden. Daran schließen sich interessenpolitische Überlegungen für erwerbstätige Sorgeleistende an. Sorgearbeit, die die Reproduktion sowie die Erziehung, Pflege und Fürsorge für pflegebedürftige, kranke oder alte Menschen sowie Kinder umfasst, ist als Querschnittskategorie zu verstehen. Sorgearbeit wird sowohl in der Sphäre des Erwerbs- als auch des Privatlebens geleistet, sei es bezahlt oder unbezahlt. Neben erwerbsmäßiger Sorgearbeit wird der größte Teil an Sorgebedarfen unbezahlt oder irregulär als prekäre Sorgearbeit zu Hause befriedigt. Gewerkschaften können hier neue und alte Handlungsfelder beschreiten: als klassische Interessenvertretung für professionelle Care-Erwerbsarbeit und als Interessenvertretung für Beschäftigte in irregulären Arbeitsbeziehungen. Und sie können das Thema (Arbeits-)Zeitpolitik als Feld gewerkschaftlicher Interessenpolitik vorantreiben – um die Vereinbarkeit von „Leben“ und „Arbeit“ für alle Sorgearbeitenden zu stärken bzw. neu zu definieren. Das erfordert die Relativierung des Erwerbsarbeitsprimats und die Entwicklung hin zu einem geschlechtergerechten Erwerb-und-Sorge-Modell.
Grauzonen der Sorge: Informalisierung von Pflegearbeit im Kontext des Pflegenotstands
Authors: Haubner Tine
Published: March 2020

Im Kontext steigender Versorgungsbedarfe, eines grassierenden Fachkräftemangels und einer Krise sozialer Reproduktion kommt es seit den 1990er Jahren zu einem sozial- und pflegepolitischen Ausbau niedrigschwelliger und informeller Pflegearbeit in den Grauzonen des Pflegemarktes in Deutschland. Angetrieben durch einen spezifischen Kostendruck, entsteht mithilfe politischer Förderstrategien ein Regime gemeinwohldienlicher Schattenarbeit, das für das Berufsfeld der Pflege typische Informalisierungsprozesse in neuer Gestalt und unter gewandelten Reproduktionsbedingungen fortführt und vorantreibt. Exemplarisch dafür ist einerseits der politisch regulierte Einsatz sogenannter „zusätzlicher Betreuungskräfte“ sowie andererseits die staatliche Förderung freiwilligen Engagements in der Pflege. Im Rahmen dieses Ausbaus geringqualifizierter Beschäftigungssegmente, niedrigschwelliger Betreuungsangebote und quasi-professionalisierter Tätigkeitsbereiche sind Informalisierungsprozesse und Fälle rechtswidriger Arbeitskraftnutzung, qualifikatorische Grenzüberschreitungen und Unterschichtungsprozesse zu beobachten. Diese Entwicklungen werden vom Berufsprofil der Pflege als einer hochgradig feminisierten und „unvollständigen Profession“ begünstigt. Der Beitrag zielt mit der Vorstellung ausgewählter Befunde einer qualitativen Interviewstudie zum Einsatz zusätzlicher Betreuungskräfte und freiwillig Engagierter im Kontext des gegenwärtigen Pflegenotstands darauf ab, die Bedeutung sozialpolitischer Maßnahmen für Informalisierungsprozesse im Sorgearbeitskontext „entwickelter Gesellschaften“ empirisch fundiert zu exemplifizieren.
PENERAPAN DISIPLIN DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN DIRI SANTRI DI PESANTREN HUBULO
Authors: Podungge Mariaty
Published: March 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis dampak dari penerapan disiplin terhadap pengembangan diri santri dalam bidang ekstrakurikuler. Pengembangan diri adalah kemampuan individu dalam mendidik dirinya sendiri dengan hal-hal yang baik, yang berpotensi untuk mendorong dirinya mengembangkan bakatnya.Penelitianini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan naturalistik dan psikologis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan disiplin di pesantren Hubulo memiliki dampak positif terhadap pengembangan diri santri. Secaraumum penerapan disiplin di pesantren Hubulo belum mampu meningkatkan hasil yang baik dalam pengembangan diri santri. Hal ini terjadi karena penerapan disiplin di pesantren Hubulo tidak seimbang dengan waktu yang diperlukan untuk kegiatan pengembangan diri, sehingga tujuan dari pengembangan diri santri tidak tercapai dengan maksimal.Penerapan disiplin di pesantren Hubulo merupakan bentuk kepatuhan dan ketaatan santri dalam menjalani kehidupan sehari-hari di pesantren Hubulo. Penerapan disiplinbertujuan untuk menciptakan nuansa pembelajaran yang aman, nyaman dan kondusif.
Philosophical perspective on money (On the book by O. Bjerg “Making money. The philosophy of crisis capitalism”)
Authors: Dubianskii Alexander N.
Published: March 2020

The work of the Danish sociologist O. Bjerg is among the few in recent years, which discusses the issues related to what money is in the modern world, what are its essence and origin. The book’s focus is on a philosophical approach to understanding the role of money in modern society and economy. The author of this book believes that mainstream economists have not yet been able to offer a universal theory of money, and that it is necessary to use other methodological approaches to determine what money is. In his book, Bjerg aims to formulate an original philosophical theory of money, with which he proposes to solve numerous problems of monetary theory with the help of philosophical concepts and categories. The book has a huge creative potential, motivating researchers to use the philosophical approach proposed by the author for the knowledge of money as an economic phenomenon.
What kind of Russian firms get state support? The analysis of changes in priorities under crisis conditions
Authors: Yakovlev Andrei A. , Ershova Nina V. , Uvarova Olga M.
Published: March 2020

The paper analyzes the shifts in government priorities in terms of support of big and medium manufacturing enterprises amid 2008—2009 and 2014—2015 crises. Based on the data of 2009, 2014 and 2018 surveys of Russian manufacturing firms, using logit regressions we identify factors that affect the receipt of financial and organizational support at different levels of government. The analysis shows that in 2012—2013 the share of manufacturing firms that received state support shrank significantly as compared to 2007—2008; moreover, the support concentrated on enterprises that had access to lobbying resource (such as state participation in the ownership or business associations membership). In 2016—2017 the scale of state support coverage recovered. However, the support at all levels of government was provided to firms that carried out investment and provided assistance to regional or local authorities in social development of the region, while the factor of state participation in the ownership became insignificant. The paper provides possible explanation for these shifts in the criteria of state support provision in Russia.
Economics and politics in 2019–2020: Global challenges and national answers
Authors: Mau Vladimir A.
Published: March 2020

The paper deals with the key challenges of global economy and their application to current Russian development. The main topics are the following: emerging etatism and populism, social and economic polarization, increasing role of national agendas versus the global one, domination of national security issues over economic policy, and the social and political consequences of technological shift towards digitalization. Prospects, character, and sources of future economic crisis are also under consideration. Global trends form the basis for the analysis of Russian economic policy.
Protection of Russian industrial companies from violent pressure on business: The effectiveness of the judicial mechanism
Authors: Kazun Anton P.
Published: March 2020

A survey of the top management of 1716 industrial companies in Russia in 2018 shows differences in the likelihood of losing property as a result of raider attacks. In this article, we analyze the factors that affect the subjective attitudes about the level of security from violent pressure on business. We show that large companies with political connections can effectively use the judicial mechanism to protect their interests. Small companies without political connections also feel quite protected avoiding participation in the courts and staying imperceptible. Companies that have unsuccessful experience in litigation see the greatest risks for themselves. To receive additional protection such companies participate in business associations.
Opportunities for accelerating labor productivity growth: The role of small and medium enterprises
Authors: Bessonova Evguenia V. , Morozov Alexander G. , Turdyeva Natalia A. , Tsvetkova Anna N.
Published: March 2020

The paper considers necessary conditions for acceleration of labor productivity growth in Russia. Based on micro data, as well as aggregate data, the paper quantifies the contribution of small and medium firms to labor productivity growth. It shows that mere increase of the number of small and medium enterprises is not as important for positive effects of these programs, as qualitative improvements: development of favorable environment for growth, which is largely determined by business climate. Accelerating productivity growth involves redistribution of labor and capital from inefficient to efficient enterprises. In particular, it is necessary to create conditions, which allow a firm to grow after it enters the market instead of stagnating as a small firm with low efficiency. At the same time, it is necessary for ineffective firms, which exhausted their growth potential, to have an opportunity to exit the market easily leaving resources including labor to fast-growing companies.
浅析延庆地区典型外来入侵植物危害及防治对策
Authors: 陈 春杰
Published: March 2020

通过对延庆区外来植物的调查发现,分析外来入侵植物的特点及传播途径,指出外来入侵植物对我区的生态环境和经济发展及人类健康带来的危害,并对已入侵的外来植物采取相应防治措施加以控制,同时采取相应的策略预防新的外来物种的入侵和扩散,保证区内生态系统的平衡和稳定。
生活垃圾焚烧发电厂建筑设计的分析
Authors: 彭 连成
Published: March 2020

垃圾焚烧技术兴起于西方国家,我国近些年来,在国家政策的推动下,垃圾焚烧技术也在不断完善并取得了长足的发展。随着国家环保要求的日益严苛,对于生活垃圾焚烧电厂也提出更高的要求,更大的挑战。基于此,文章从生活垃圾焚烧发电厂建筑设计进行了分析。
环境空气自动监测异常数据的判断与处理分析
Authors: 顾 亚中
Published: March 2020

本文针对环境空气自动监测异常数据的判断与处理,结合理论实践,在简要阐述环境空气自动监测异常数据产生原因的基础上,分析了环境空气自动监测异常数据判断方法,并提出异常数据处理方法,希望对提升环境空气自动监测数据的精度有一定参考和借鉴。
新形势下生态系统的森林经营策略
Authors: 商 安民
Published: March 2020

森林在改善生态环境中发挥着重要作用,森林生态系统经营在林业管理中占据重要地位,它是与生态学相结合发展而来的一种新理念,受到国家与社会的重点关注。由于改革开放后,我国森林生态系统遭到大规模破坏,人们的生存环境也出现了急剧的恶化,森林生态系统对人类生存有很大影响。本文主要探讨新形势下森林生态系统经营的一些策略。
环境工程中垃圾处理利用的探究
Authors: 谭 方良 , 陈 洁微 , 李 滢
Published: March 2020

现阶段,我国城市发展非常迅速,与此同时越来越多的人涌入了城市生活,伴随着城市人口的与日俱增,城市中的垃圾也越来越多。对于城市的环境保护问题成为人们重点关注的内容,如何使城市垃圾得到及时的处理以及合理的运用,从而使我国城市得到良好的可持续发展,就成为了城市人们迫在眉睫需要解决的重大问题。
白银市区降水pH值和电导率的监测分析
Authors: 肖 生彩
Published: March 2020

利用2013年至2019年白银市区降水监测数据,对213个降水样品进行pH值和电导率的分析,得出2013年至2019年白银地区降水pH均值为7.54,范围为6.85～8.50,电导率均值为87μs/cm,范围为17～502μs/cm之间。每年pH值和电导率第三季度均低于其他季度。
排污许可证常见审核方法及要点研究
Authors: 蒋 世友
Published: March 2020

排污许可证的审核,是排污单位申报排污许可证提交之前和生态环境部门核发排污许可证之前必做的工作。排污许可证的审核与落实排污许可的行业全覆盖密切相关,有效、快捷、正确地进行排污许可证审核,是落实按时保质保量完成排污许可证核发工作的重要基础,也是落实排污单位持证排污、按证排污要求的有力保证,更是落实生态环境部门按排污许可进行环境监察和监管工作的有力保障。基于此,本文针对排污许可证申请、核发所涉及的审核方法和要点,结合笔者的工作实际及经验,对排污许可证常见审核方法及要点进行了探究。
污水处理站恶臭气体治理措施研究
Authors: 朱 明波
Published: March 2020

由于城市化进程的不断推进,世界人口数量不断增加,对于各种资源的需求也呈不断上升的趋势,人们对于水资源不断增加的需求量导致生活污水以及工业废水排放量的不断增加。如何能够科学排污,减少污水处理站在污水处理过程中产生的恶臭气体,以及如何降低污水排放对环境的影响成为了一个非常重要的问题。
ПРОЄКТ «НОВА ЛЮДИНА» В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ ІСТОРІЇ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ІНЖЕНЕРІЇ: КОМУНІКАЦІЙНІ ВИМІРИ
Authors: Bondarenko I.
Published: March 2020

The article looks into communication models of implementing the New Man project in recent Ukrainian history. The scientific novelty of this research implies thorough analysis of historical facts and communication processes through the lens of social engineering. The author draws on extensive theoretical material for a comprehensive interpretation of the social engineering concept. In this research social engineering in understood as an efficient technological model of managing social objects that is capable of working productively in crisis points of social, economic, and political development. Therefore, its main tool is a step-by-step system reform with ongoing communication support and careful forecasting of possible developments. However, recent world history has presented facts of radical social engineering when social modernization processes went hand in hand with political repressions, genocide programs, information blockade and massive propaganda. Unfortunately, in Ukraine the New Person project was implemented in the context of establishing a totalitarian regime. The author argues that the project of creating a New/Soviet Person turned into a communication platform of the Soviet regime establishment; it was implemented through the Bolsheviks’ well-planned information and cultural policies, pedagogical and educational technologies. The article shows the dynamics of the New Man concept transformation into the ideological construct of Soviet people ubiquitous in public discourse of the Stalinism era. The researcher analyzes cultural and scientific roots of the Soviet People project and concludes that under favorable historical progress Ukraine could have implemented truly effective social development projects.

Key words: eugenics, New Man, Soviet people, social engineering, communication technologies, propaganda.
ПОВІДОМЛЕННЯ ПРЕССЛУЖБ ОРГАНІВ ПУБЛІЧНОЇ ВЛАДИ РЕГІОНАЛЬНОГО РІВНЯ: СТРУКТУРА ТА СТИЛІСТИКА
Authors: Dreshpak V.
Published: March 2020

The article discusses the structural and stylistic aspects of the posts from press services of the
Dnipropetrovsk and Odessa regional state administrations, which are available on their websites. The
relevance of this study is caused by the transformation of the system of mass communication of public
authorities with citizens, in particular, the expansion of the sphere of direct contacts of public authorities
with their target audiences without the mediation of the media and the need to form a complete
cycle of media production on the basis of press services. This requires an appropriate level of organization
of communication of public authorities with the public and the qualification of staff.
The purpose of the article is to identify the structural and stylistic features of the posts from press
services of regional public authorities on their websites.
Studies performed using methods: comparative analysis, content analysis, analysis and synthesis.
It has been demonstrated that news posts from press services on official web-sites of regional-level
public authorities have styling features of both PR-products and journalistic works. It is suggested that
this is due to the desire to implement in one information flow its own information function and the function
of public opinion management.
Comparison of posts from the press services regional state administrations revealed different approaches
to the structure and stylistics of these texts. The materials of the press service of the Dnepropetrovsk
Regional State Administration are structured according to a single model and stylistically
close to publications in Internet editions, and Odessa – have structural differences, but stylistically
more to press releases. In studied reports revealed a number of common stylistic defects, indicating a
need for further work to improve the quality of media products.
Key words: press service, web site, structure of media reports, style of media reports, public authorities.
ХРИСТИЯНСЬКА МІСІЯ В ЕПОХУ ПОСТПРАВДИ: 80 РОКІВ УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ РЕДАКЦІЇ РАДІО «ВАТИКАН»
Authors: Tsyperdiuk I.
Published: March 2020

The milestones of the activity of the Ukrainian editorial office of Vatican Radio during its 80-year history are considered in the article. The reasons for the creation of the Ukrainian editorial office, the peculiarities of its work under the pressure of Soviet propaganda during the Cold War are analyzed. It was found that the broadcast of the Ukrainian editorial office of Vatican Radio was intended to help the faithful preserve unity with the church in the conditions of the destruction of the UGCC and the total onset of militant atheism. It was demonstrated that the work of the Ukrainian editorial office of Vatican radio was still aimed at defending the truth, although it was much easier to conduct evangelization in the conditions of confrontation between the USSR and the West. Rapid information and communication development of society has allowed everyone to speak publicly. At the same time, it made it possible to manipulate public opinion and to disseminate disinformation instantly and in the end contributed to the emergence of a post-truth phenomenon that not only replaced traditional propaganda but also made it part of it. The appeal to the foundations of the Christian being in a changing world distinguishes programs of the Ukrainian editorial office from materials of other broadcasters, the main focus of which is on socio-political events. The reform of the information system implemented by the Vatican has shown that there has been a shift from preaching in the conditions of aggressive propaganda during the confrontation between the two systems to counteracting post-truth, which destroys the objective perception of the world. It is shown that the main task of the editorial office is to unite Ukrainians around Christian values, to preserve and promote the key principles of human existence in the conditions of spreading populism, disinformation, secularization, and relativism of modern society. In its programs, the Ukrainian editorial office of Vatican Radio encourages the audience to cultivate faith, to rely on Christian values and beliefs, emphasizing its unchanging purpose of serving God, people, and the church.

Key words: the Ukrainian editorial office of Vatican Radio, Vatican News, Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, post-truth, Christian values.
Model rada - čimbenik uspješnosti poduke plivanja
Authors: Rastovski Dražen
Published: March 2020

S ciljem utvrđivanja učinkovitosti pojedinih modela poduke neplivača i njihove usporedbe, testirano je 201 dijete populacije između 9 i 11 godina. Uzorak je podijeljen na dva subuzorka, gdje su djeca učila plivati prema istom programu, ali u različitim modelima rada. Prvi je model bio model poduke neplivača u sklopu ljetovanja i to u trajanju od 14 dana, dok je drugi model proveden u okviru škole u prirodi ali u šest
dana. Za utvrđivanje učinkovitosti navedenih modela korišten je statistički programski paket STATISTICA verzija 6.0 (StatSoft Inc., Tulsa, OK, SAD). Normalnost distribucije pojedinih varijabli provjerena je Kolmogorov-Smirnov testom te je utvrđeno da ne slijede istu. Za usporedbu napretka u skupinama korišten je Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Test, a
za usporedbu među skupinama Mann-Whitney U Test (za usporedbu inicijalnog i finalnog mjerenja te razlike između finalnog i inicijalnog
mjerenja). Kao statistički značajna korištena je vrijednost P<0,05. Rezultati dobiveni provedenim istraživanjem pokazali su da oba modela pokazuju dobre rezultate i prigodni su za poduku neplivača. Prednost dajemo modelu 1. odnosno poduci neplivača u okviru ljetovanja. Model 2. poduke neplivača u okviru škole u prirodi radi se u šest dana i očito mu
nedostaje vremenskog prostora za još kvalitetniju provedbu. Kako je riječ o programima koji se provode u svim sredinama, neobično je bilo važno utvrditi učinkovitost programa te detektirati uspješnosti pojedinih modela.
Povezanost zrelosti učenika na upisu u prvi razred i njihova uspjeha na kraju školske godine
Authors: Jelinek Lana
Published: March 2020

Rad se bavi rezultatima ispitivanja djece školskih obveznika, a koje provodi školski pedagog, i njihovih uspjeha na kraju prvog razreda. Na teroijskoj razini govori se o pojmu zrelosti i spremnosti djeteta za polazak u prvi razred. Cilj je bio utvrditi jesu li rezultati Upitnika za procjenu zrelosti za prvi razred povezani sa školskim uspjehom, posebice matematičko predznanje s uspjehom u Matematici i govorno-jezični razvoj s uspjehom u Hrvatskom jeziku te ukupni bodovi upitnika s općim školskim uspjehom na kraju prvog razreda. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 60 učenika koji su 2016./2017. školske godine završili prvi razred, a s kojima je 2015./2016. školske godine obavljena
procjena zrelosti za upis u prvi razred. Podaci su se prikupili analizom pedagoške dokumentacije odnosno uvidom u razrednu knjigu (imenik) učenika prvog razreda te uvidom u Upitnike za procjenu zrelosti
za upis u prvi razred. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju na povezanost spremnosti djeteta kod provođenja ispitivanja školske pedagoginje i njihova uspjeha na kraju školske godine. Rezultati Upitnika važni su kako bi se učitelji i stručna služba upoznali s razvojnim razlikama među
učenicima, sposobnostima i predznanjem djece te kako bi se učenici mogli ravnomjerno podijeliti u razredne odjele.
Perversiones de la identidad : acerca de los peligros "morales" que se ciernen sobre el militar.
Authors: Gómez Rodríguez Giovanni Alberto , Garay Acevedo Claudia Patricia
Published: March 2020

El presente artículo se ocupa del problema de la identidad desde la ética, teniendo como objeto de estudio la institución militar, y, como sujeto de análisis el militar. Los problemas clásicos de la identidad han sido ampliamente reflexionados desde la perspectiva ontológica y deontológica; no obstante, persiste la pregunta por la identidad en el mundo contemporáneo, pues en cualquier caso sigue siendo considerada la más fuerte fuente de sentido. Para ello, se ubica el núcleo de la disertación en el condicionamiento mental generalizado de asociar la identidad con el bien moral. Con este propósito se realiza un análisis general sobre el contexto en el que se aplican conceptos claves como identidad, sentido, moral y ética. En un segundo momento, esta discusión es trasladada a la institución militar y al militar, teniendo como innovación el hacer una discusión sobre lo opuesto, es decir, la posibilidad que existan identidades moralmente malas e identidades pervertidas.
Aplicación de la política criminal en materia de homicidio en Cartagena.
Authors: Sandoval Melendez David , Martinez de la Hoz Norberto
Published: March 2020

En el presente trabajo se abordará la aplicación de la política criminal en la ciudad de Cartagena en materia de homicidio, para a partir de la realización de un análisis determinar si son o no eficaces las políticas criminales en dicho territorio, teniendo como fundamento los datos arrojados COSED (Diagnostico estadístico de delito en Cartagena de indias) que es la entidad encargada de la observación y seguimiento del delito en Cartagena. Con lo anterior, se busca estudiar la problemática, porque de esta manera conoceremos el impacto que ha causado el flagelo del homicidio en la ciudad y en este sentido, podremos conocer las estrategias que se utilizan para mitigar el delito así, se podrán brindar posibles soluciones o sugerencias para contrarrestar el flagelo del homicidio que tiene azotada a la ciudad.
El pliego de condiciones en la contratación estatal : responsabilidad del estado derivada del acto de adjudicación del contrato sustentado en clausulas ambiguas.
Authors: Bermudez Salazar Guillermo
Published: March 2020

Este artículo analiza el alcance de los pliegos de condiciones en la contratación pública colombiana teniendo en cuenta su grado de coercitividad y explora sobre la edificación de la responsabilidad de la administración pública de cara a los oferentes en los casos en que los pliegos hayan sido elaborados de manera incompleta, ambigua o confusa que conduzcan a interpretaciones o decisiones subjetivas.
Transición jurídica de las instituciones en el SIDH : “glosa decenal del derecho americano en la materia”.
Authors: Valle Benedetti Henry Javier , Alvis Miranda Olga Patricia , Marín Montoya Jessi Katerine
Published: March 2020

El artículo trata de analizar la Transición Jurídica decenal de las instituciones en el SIDH, como sistema normativo sobre la protección a los derechos humanos en el continente americano. Se busca identificar la Transición Jurídica decenal de las instituciones en el SIDH como sistema normativo sobre la protección a los derechos humanos, con el objeto de glosar la existencia del derecho internacional de los derechos humanos en América. En últimas, se pretende perfilar la adopción jurídica de las instituciones en el SIDH sobre la protección a los derechos humanos en América, para quizás poder constatar su reconocimiento y observancia como sistema normativo dentro del continente.
HYGIENIC REQUIREMENTS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF SPORTS FACILITIES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND ITALY. REVIEW MANUSCRIPT
Authors: Capasso L. , D’Alessandro D. , Popov V. I. , Libina I. I. , Torubarova I. I.
Published: March 2020

This review manuscript presents actual information on sports facilities, their design and the impact they may have on human health. Based on the current sanitary and hygienic norms and regulations the authors describe types of sports facilities, give their classification depending on the designated use, point out the peculiarities of sports facilities arrangement in Italy and Russia. Special attention is paid to the necessity to meet the hygienic requirements when constructing and maintaining sports facilities. The paper highlights the hygienic requirements for all sports facilities, regardless of their type, to be standardized by the following components: location of sports facilities within the boundaries of a settlement; orientation of sports facilities; transport accessibility; layout; state of the environment (air, water, soil); nature of landscaping and the area of green spaces; noise intensity level; microclimate of sports facilities (relative temperature and humidity, air velocity). Hygienic requirements for indoor sports facilities are given on the example of gyms that appear to be the most common structures. Particular attention is paid to the requirements for indoor microclimate and lighting. Requirements for the gym equipment and inventory are considered to comply with certain standards and serviceability. Based on the literature data, the manuscript emphasizes the need for sports facilities to meet sanitary and hygienic requirements and standards, since the health effect of physical exercises and sports depends on their sanitary condition. The unified requirement in different countries is to conduct the routine sanitary inspections of all the premises of the sports facilities after putting a sports facility into operation following detailed internal rules and regulations.
MORTALITY DUE TO MALIGNANT TUMORS IN WORKERS EMPLOYED IN THE COMPLEX PROCESSING OF COPPER METALLURGICAL WASTE
Authors: Adrianovsky V. I. , Lipatov G. Ya. , Kuzmina E. A. , Zlygosteva N. V.
Published: March 2020

Introduction. Workers engaged in the complex processing of copper metallurgy waste are in contact with inorganic compounds of arsenic, nickel, lead, cadmium, and hexavalent chromium. The purpose of the study is to estimate the degree of carcinogenic risk for workers employed in the processing of copper metallurgy waste. Material and methods. The results of a retrospective study of deaths from cancer of workers in the recycling of copper metallurgy (sulfuric acid, bluestone and nickel vitriol production and processing of anode slimes) of a metallurgical plant to produce blister and refined copper are presented. The intensity of mortality and relative carcinogenic risk for workers were calculated (common as well as age-specific for men and women). A comparison of the observed and “expected” indices of the cancer mortality rate was carried out and the relative carcinogenic risk for workers was determined. Results. The highest levels of cancer mortality were found in the age range of 50-59 years. It’s noted excess observed mortality from malignant tumors over “expected” both men and women in most cancer locations. For men involved in the production of sulfuric acid, a high carcinogenic risk of developing malignant neoplasms of urinary organs. For women involved in the production of sulfuric acid, a high carcinogenic risk of developing malignant neoplasms of the liver. When receiving copper sulfate, men have the greatest carcinogenic risk for urinary organs for tumors, and women for lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue tumors. The processing of anodic sludges is associated with a carcinogenic risk for men on lung cancer, and for a woman - on tumors of lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue. Conclusion. Obtained epidemiological data indicate carcinogenic risk to workers involved in the complex recycling of copper metallurgy.
RISK ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH DISORDERS IN EMPLOYEES AT THE MACHINERY ENTERPRISE
Authors: Balabanova Lyubov A. , Kamaev S. K. , Imamov A. A. , Radchenko O. R.
Published: March 2020

Introduction. Adverse effects of environmental factors can cause dysfunction of organs and systems, hormonal dysfunction, genetic disorders, which can adversely affect the health of future generations. The aim is to study occupational risk factors and assess their impact on the health of male workers of machine-building enterprises, to develop preventive measures. Material and methods. The working conditions of 318 male workers of the main professions of the machine-building enterprise (miller, locksmith, electric and gas welder, turner, caster, etc.), having occupational contact with harmful occupational factors, were studied in comparison with 148 employees of the control group. Epidemiological, socio-hygienic, statistical and risk calculation methods were used. Results. 68.2% of respondents were found to have occupational contact with cutting fluid, 24.3% contact with chemicals, 14.4% - with heavy metals, 66.2% of respondents work in conditions of noise exposure, 40.1% - local vibration, 22.3% - in conditions of hypothermia, 14.4% - in conditions of overheating. Excess of maximum permissible concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene, aerosols of mineral oils, epichlorohydrin was detected in the air of the working zone. At workplaces, there were excess levels of noise, general vibration, thermal radiation. The impact of harmful occupational factors in the workplace was established to create a high risk to the health of workers. Conclusion. Working conditions of workers of the machine-building enterprise are mainly estimated as harmful. Critical organs and systems for the development of occupational pathology were identified, the high carcinogenic risk from exposure to benzo(a)pyrene was revealed. Employees of the machine-building enterprise were shown to have a high risk of oncology, respiratory diseases, central nervous system diseases, pathology in offspring. As a result, risk groups were formed and targeted preventive measures were proposed, including monitoring of the health status of high-risk groups, occupational selection, and medical examinations.
THE IMPACT OF OCCUPATIONAL RISK FACTORS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF LOWER BACK PAIN IN INDUSTRIAL WORKERS
Authors: Shirokov V. A. , Potaturko A. V. , Terekhov Nikita L. , Solodushkin S. I.
Published: March 2020

Introduction. Spondylogenic back pain is common in the working-age population and often results in a working disability. In order to ensure professional decision-making and inform preventive measures, occupational risk factors for low back pain (LBP) need to be identified. Material and methods. Using a regular medical check-up examination data, we analyzed the prevalence and the odds ratio of LBP in 3215 individuals working in physically demanding jobs and exposed to physical inactivity and vibration. Results. No statistically significant differences in LBP prevalence were found between workers exposed to low total physical activity (PA), in and out of work, and those exposed to physical overwork (38.9% и 33.8% respectively). Physical inactivity in the workplace and hypodynamia during leisure-time cause similar effects and increase the risk of LBP by 1.5 times. A combination of occupational factors such as a constrained posture (class 3.1-3.2 according to the National Labor Legislation) and whole-body vibration increases LBP risk up to 78.7%. Whereas the combination of a constrained posture, prolonged sedentary position, and whole-body vibration, increases LBP prevalence up to 84.21% (OR: 80). Conclusions. The highest risk of LBP (OR: 80.0) was assigned to the combination of constrained posture, prolonged sedentary position, and whole-body vibration. The obtained data suggest that both low PA and physical overwork increase the risk of LBP, whereas moderate PA reduces it.
AN EXPERIMENTAL TRIAL OF BIOPROPHYLACTIC FORMULA DESIGNED TO MINIMIZE COMBINED TOXICITY OF BOTH LEAD AND CADMIUM
Authors: Privalova Larisa I. , Klinova S. V. , Minigalieva I. A. , Ryabova Iu. V. , Sutunkova M. P. , Makeev O. G. , Valamina I. E. , Bushueva T. V. , Solovyeva S. N. , Gurvich V. B. , Katsnelson B. A.
Published: March 2020

Introduction. The increase in the body resistance to the combined effects of lead and cadmium (including systemic toxicity, cardiovascular effects, and genotoxicity) by using a specific bioprotective formula (based on theoretical knowledge and experimental research) remains a pressing challenge. However, a data search has not yielded any results on either an experimental trial or a theoretical justification of the means of biological protection against a variety of adverse effects caused by Pb and Cd combination. Material and methods. The experiment was conducted on the outbred male rats. The animals received repeated intraperitoneal injections of water solutions of lead acetate and cadmium chloride, 3 times per week for 6 weeks. After the exposition was completed, more than 50 indices of toxic exposure (including biochemical and histo-morphological ones) were estimated in all groups of the tested animals. To assess the genotoxic effect of “in vivo” there was used amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. Statistical analysis was done using Student’s t-test. Results. We found the administration of the bioprotective formula to improve the indices of general toxicity. Genotoxicity studied using AFLP analysis of blood cells DNA was shown to be mitigated. Histo-morphological indices of Pb+Cd hepato- and nephrotoxicity improved under a bioprotective complex (BPC) administration. Blood Pb and Cd decreased during BPC administration. There was a statistically reliable decrease in the mean diameter of cardiomyocytes associated with Pb+Cd administration. These changes became less apparent with the BPC administration. Conclusion. We developed and tested a strategy to mitigate the toxic effects of Pb and Cd at organ and organ system levels, including general toxicity, target organ toxicity (with cardiotoxicity) and genоtoxicity.
Management and Employees Perception Analysis on Sugar Industry Waste Management Based on Cleaner Production
Authors: Siti Mardiana  , Retno Widhiastuti  , Luqman Erningpraja
Published: March 2020

The analysis of management’s and employees’ perceptions is needed to create strategies and policies on sugar industry  waste management based on cleaner production, to reach the concept of cleaner production by reusing, reducing, and recycling waste. The research’s scope is analyzing management’s and employees’ perceptions toward cleaner production principles, that includes Good Housekeeping knowledge aspects, environmental aspect, social-institutional and economical aspects.  The aim of the research is to get strategies and policies on sugar industry waste management based on cleaner production, based on management’s and employees’ perceptions toward the application of waste management based on cleaner production at sugar industry. The research was done in Sei Semayang Sugar Factory, Kwala Sugar Factory, and Tjoekir Sugar Factory. Primary data was tested by Alpha Cronbach and Lickert ordinal scale transformed into interval scale using Successive Interval method. To understand the connectivity between variables, multiple linear regression analysis was used, using SPSS 11.5, and then descriptively analyzed.  Analyzing Sei Semayang Sugar Factory’s management’s and employees’ perception toward cleaner production results in the knowledge that technical aspect is an influential aspect in factory’s efficiency and waste management. Kwala Madu Sugar Factory management’s and employees’ perception is that environmental aspect, Good Housekeeping aspect, technical aspect, and knowledge aspect, are influential toward sugar industry waste management. While Tjoekir sugar factory management’s and employees’ perception is that social institutional and economical aspect is the influential aspect toward sugar industry waste management. Sugar industry waste management based on cleaner production strategy based on management’s and employees’ perception is an integration between technical aspect, environmental aspect, Good Housekeeping aspect, and social institutional and economical aspect.
Fetal Outcome in Unhooked Postdated Pregnancy
Authors: Mustafa Fahmida Naz , Yasmin Nahid , Afreen Nasreen , Sattar Kamrun , Nahar Aftabun , Nahar Nazmun
Published: March 2020

Background: People always complain that previously almost all women used to have vaginal delivery, but they do not mention the fetal outcome, eg, the number of affected fetus and also intrauterine death or stillborn. The objective of our study was to see the fetal outcome among antenatally unbooked women with gestational age beyond EDD who came to hospital with labor pain and also to see the mode of delivery in these pregnancies.

Method: It was an observational prospective study conducted in Daudkandi Upazilla Health Complex, Kumilla, from March , 2012 to May, 2012. Sampling procedure was consecutive sampling. A total number of 52 postdated pregnant women were enrolled in our study who came to hospital with labor pain.

Result: The percentage of vaginal delivery in postdated pregnancy was 80.77% and the percentage of cesarean delivery was 19.23% . Fetal outcome was good in 76.92%, baby was asphyxiated in 19.23% , baby was stillborn in 3.85% women.

Conclusion: Though vaginal delivery rate is high in women with antenatally unbooked postdated pregnancy with spontaneous onset of labour pain , but the fetal outcome is not good. The women who are crossing EDD must undergo careful fetal monitoring to have more vaginal delivery with good fetal outcome.

J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 27, No.1, April, 2018, Page 47-50
Routine Gynaecological Operations Without Blood Transfusion
Authors: Mustafa Fahmida Naz , Yasmin Nahid , Afreen Nasreen , Hossain Md Nabir , Sultana Razia
Published: March 2020

Objective : To establish the fact that most of the routine gynaecological operations need no blood transfusion.

Method : This was a prospective observational study conducted in Dhaka Medical College Hospital from 15th January, 2011 to 14th April, 2011. Subjects were gynaecological patients admitted for routine operation. Main outcome variable was comparison of postoperative events between patients who received blood transfusion and who did not.

Results : 40 gynaecological patients were operated without blood transfusion (Group I ) and 40 patients were taken who were operated with blood transfusion (GroupII ). Among the patients 35% in Group I and 42.5 % patients in Group II had some minor complications (hypotension, fever, wound infection and others) in postoperative period . The p value of of these postoperative complications in Group I is 0.020 and in Group II is 0.047 and r = 0.75 . The difference of pvalue is significant. No patient of any group sufferred from any major comcplication.

Conclusion : There was no advantage of transfusing blood in routine gynaecological operation, rather more patients with blood transfusion had some minor postoperative complications.

J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 27, No.2, October, 2018, Page 123-126
Association Between Pruritus With Serum Calcium, Phosphate Levels And Ca-Po4 Product in Chronic Kidney Disease (Stage-5) Patients On Maintenance Hemodialysis
Authors: Hasan Rafiqul , Chowdhury Md Nizamuddin , Rahman M Muhibur , Anwar ASM Tanim , Wazib Amit , Shams Tarek , Rahman Md Saidur , Anowar SM Imrul , Majumder Arifur Rahman
Published: March 2020

Background: Hemodialysis is one of the treatment of end stage renal disease. Disturbance in calcium and phosphate metabolism are observed in these patients. One of the most common cutaneous manifestations in patients on hemodialysis is pruritus. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between pruritus with serum calcium and phosphate levels in these patients.

Methods: This analytic, descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed in 2014 over 191 patients of maintenance haemodialysis. Information related to the patients age, gender, residence, pruritus, duration and frequency of dialysis, was extracted from questionnaires. Serum levels of calcium, phosphate and albumin were measured & data were analyzed.

Results: 68% of the patients had pruritus, of whom 48.2% had serum calcium levels below the normal range. The Mean ± SD of serum calcium, phosphate, Ca-PO4 product, and duration of dialysis were 8.77±1.22 mg/dl, 3.82±1.18 mg/dl, 34.17±12.69, and 18.01±11.94 months respectively in patients with pruritus and 9.24±1.15 mg/dl, 3.40±1.36 mg/dl, 35.75±13.02, and 17.84±16.01 months respectively in patients without pruritus. Our study showed that most patients with pruritus had serum calcium levels in the below normal range.

Conclusion: Good control of serum calcium levels may have a role in reducing uraemic pruritus.

J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 27, No.2, October, 2018, Page 127-133
Surgical Outcome of Intradural-extra-medullarySpinal Tumour: 205 Our Experience in Dhaka Medical College & Hospital
Authors: Das Sukriti , Zahan Kanij Fatema Ishrat , Rashid Md Mamunur , Sarkar Asit Chandra , Khan Shamsul Islam , Ashfaq Musannah , Mahbub Hasan , Islam Rakibul , Khan Md Shahriar Islam , Kabir SM Humayun
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Surgical outcome of spinal tumours varies depending on a number of factors such as: site of tumour compression within the spinal canal, the histological characteristics of tumours, the neurological progression and initial response to corticosteroid therapy, patient’s age, comorbidity, tumour extension, involvement of neighbor structures and organs etc.

Materials & Methods: The 46 patients with intradural extramedullary (IDEM) spinal tumour underwent surgery by our team in 7 years (2010-2017) were reviewed retrospectively.

Discussion: Analysis of the surgical outcome of our spinal tumour patients was done on different variables like age, sex, presenting symptoms, neuro imaging, comorbidities etc. The aim of surgery was decompression of the spinal cord and total removal of the tumour.

Conclusion: The aim of this study is to analyze the data to make conclusion for more effective strategy as per site, size, type, resectibility and histological variety to establish an effective treatment protocol and prevention of per-operative and post-operative complications. Intradural extramedullary tumor can be radically resected with no mortality and minimal peri-operative morbidity

J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 27, No.2, October, 2018, Page 205-208
Metodología para Determinar la Distribución de Corrientes de Desbalance en Líneas Aéreas de Transmisión de Energía Eléctrica
Authors: Jaramillo Daniela , Fonseca Antonio , Pérez Fabián
Published: March 2020

Las líneas aéreas de transmisión de energía eléctrica presentan un régimen de operación constante y deben soportar esfuerzos mecánicos debido a posibles descargas atmosféricas, en este sentido es importante realizar una adecuada selección de sus conductores de fase y de guarda. Para soportar los esfuerzos mecánicos los conductores de guarda tienen un componente de acero que presenta características eléctricas variables en función de la corriente circulante por el mismo, por otra parte, esta corriente puede determinarse si se conocen los parámetros eléctricos del cable de guarda.En este contexto, el presente documento detalla dos métodos para determinar la distribución de la corriente entre la tierra y el cable de guarda en condiciones de desbalance, con el cual es posible seleccionar los parámetros eléctricos para la modelación adecuada de una línea de transmisión.Los resultados de estos métodos, aplicados en cuatro casos de estudio, se verifican en su respectiva simulación en el software Alternative Transients Program (ATP).
Percepción de marca y comportamiento de compra del consumidor en empresas del sector comercial Tungurahua
Authors: Mejía-Vayas Carlos , Cherres-Galarza Diego , Ramos-Salazar Mauricio
Published: March 2020

Muchas de las veces los consumidores son influenciados de manera emocional y esto se debe a que algunas marcas pueden llegar a representar las creencias de una cultura y aportar de una manera positiva, esto va ser una ventaja comercial sobre la competencia la cual le ayudará a resaltar en el mercado, en gran parte cuando se realiza una compra hay que tener en cuenta muchos aspectos que pueden ser de vital importancia para el cliente, este al momento de hacerlo tiende a darse cuenta si los beneficios que obtiene del producto al momento de adquirirlo son más altos que el coste al momento de pagarlo, la percepción de la marca es el proceso mediante el cual los clientes organizan e interpretan los estímulos generados por un nombre, término, signo, símbolo o diseño o una combinación de ellos que está ligado y superpuesto de modo indisociable a un producto o servicio para lograr crear una imagen significativa y coherente del mundo, el cual muestra un paralelismo con la imagen propia de la marca, de igual forma se puede decir que el comportamiento del consumidor es el estudio de las actividades internas o externas que intervienen cuando el individuo o grupos de individuos compran, usan o desechan productos, servicios, ideas o experiencias durante la búsqueda de la satisfacción de sus necesidades o deseos, dentro de la metodología se utilizará un enfoque cuantitativo porque se determinará resultados numéricos que serán arrojados por medio de la aplicación de encuestas y a su vez se usará el enfoque cuantitativo porque a través de este se elaborará el instrumento de recolección de datos que será aplicada a los consumidores o clientes de las distintas empresas del sector comercial para lograr obtener resultados que sean claros y reflejen confianza en el estudio o investigación.