bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengentasan Kemiskinan di Kota Ambon Tahun 2016-2020
Authors: Salenussa Stenly
Published: September 2021

Buku yang ditangan pembaca saat ini adalah tulisan kajian tentang permasalahan kemiskinan dan tawaran konsep pengentasan yang telah dilakukan di Kota Ambon. Masalah kemiskinan adalah salah satu masalah pembangunan yang hingga kini belum tuntas diselesaikan. Banyak pihak terlibat secara aktif untuk membantu masalah kemiskinan perkotaan dan perdesaan, namun belum juga mengalami perubahan signifikan. Banyak Variabel tentang masalah kemiskinan yang dinamis dalam masyarakat, sehingga tidak mudah untuk proses penyelsaiannya, karena itu butuh scenario atau kebijakan tertentu. buku ini setidaknya dapat membantu mencerahkan pemikiran sebagai sumbangan Ilmu Pengetahuan dalam rangka upaya kita bersama menyelesaikan masalah kemiskinan. Naskah buku ini sesungguhnya sudah tersedia sejak beberapa tahun sebelumnya, tetapi baru dapat dipublikasikan saat ini.
Anticoagulation is the Answer in Treating Non-Critical COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Kabir Azad A
Published: September 2021

All autopsy studies demonstrated widespread thrombosis and alveolar-capillary microthrombi as the cause of death among patients with COVID-19. The autopsy studies are the gold standard for diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic strategies for any clinical scenario. The author initially observed that patients already taking therapeutic dose oral direct factor Xa inhibitors for an unrelated reason, have significantly better survival rates than those not taking any anticoagulants. This influenced the author to conduct a retrospective chart review of the Jackson Hospital (Alabama) hospitalized patients to evaluate the effect of variable doses of anticoagulation among COVID-19 patients. The study found that serum inflammatory bio-marker D-Dimer trends are associated with changes in oxygen requirement among patients with COVID-19 if patients present at an early stage and titration of Enoxaparin (anticoagulation) dose based on D-Dimer trends leads to increased patient survival.
Manajemen Bisnis
Authors: Salenussa Stenly
Published: September 2021

Kegiatan bisnis merupakan proses kegiatan oleh individu atau kelompok melalui proses penciptaan, pertukaran kebutuhan dengan tujuan untuk memperoleh keuntungan khususnya secara financial. Organisasi bisnis merupakan suatu system yang terdiri berbagai subsistem yang terdiri dari input, proses dan output. Organisasi bisnis juga tidak dapat dipisahkan dari sistem yang lebih besar yang berupa sistem ekonomi yang berkembang yang secara langsung ataupun tidak langsung berpengaruh terhadap organisasi bisnis.
Achieving maximum flow for Inter-planetary networks
Authors: BHASKAR CHILUVERU VIJAY
Published: September 2021

Inter-planetary network (IPN) systems on earth and spacecrafts communicate with systems on other planets. Communications and data are often relayed and delivered by the IPN systems. Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN) have several unique characteristic features with significant challenges such as intermittent link connectivity, long and variable propagation delays, link bandwidth asymmetry, high link error rates and Power constraints. It is vital to overcome these challenges to achieve maximum flow for IPN systems. The aim of this project is to address the issue of achieving maximum flow in Inter-planetary network. To tackle these issues, a DTN model as time aggregated graph (TAG) was proposed and a bidirectional storage transfer series was used to correlate various time intervals and aid in maximizing flow. Our results suggest that the maximum flow can be achieved by seeking an augmenting path, computing its maximum flow, and getting its residual network using an iterative approach. In future, we intend to investigate the increase in difficulty of achieving maximum flow.
Missing Perspective: Marginalized Groups in the Social Psychological Study of Social Disparities
Authors: Matsick Jes , Oswald Flora , Kruk Mary
Published: September 2021

Drawing on interdisciplinary, feminist insights, we encourage social psychologists to embrace the active participation of marginalized groups in social disparities research. We explain (1) how the absence of marginalized groups’ perspectives in research presents a serious challenge to understanding intergroup dynamics and concomitant disparities, and (2) how their inclusion could assuage some of social psychology’s “fatal flaws” (Cesario, 2021).
Musical experience is linked to enhanced dimension-selective attention to pitch and increased primary weighting during suprasegmental categorization
Authors: Symons Ashley E , Tierney Adam
Published: September 2021

Speech perception requires the integration of evidence from acoustic cues across multiple dimensions. Individuals differ in their cue weighting strategies, i.e. the weight they assign to different dimensions during speech categorization. In two experiments, we investigate musical training as one potential predictor of individual differences in prosodic cue weighting strategies. Attentional theories of speech categorization suggest that prior experience with the task-relevance of a particular dimension leads that dimension to attract attention. Experiment 1 tested whether musicians and non-musicians differed in their ability to selectively attend to pitch and loudness in speech. Compared to non-musicians, musicians showed enhanced dimension-selective attention to pitch but not loudness. Experiment 2 tested the hypothesis that musicians would show greater pitch weighting during prosodic categorization due to prior experience with the task-relevance of pitch cues in music. Listeners categorized phrases that varied in the extent to which pitch and duration signaled the location of linguistic focus and phrase boundaries. During linguistic focus categorization, musicians upweighted pitch compared to non-musicians. During phrase boundary categorization, musicians upweighted duration relative to non-musicians. These results suggest that musical experience is linked with domain-general enhancements in the ability to selectively attend to certain acoustic dimensions in speech. As a result, musicians may place greater perceptual weight on a single primary dimension during prosodic categorization, while non-musicians may be more likely to choose a perceptual strategy which integrates across multiple dimensions. These findings support attentional theories of cue weighting, which suggest attention influences listeners’ perceptual weighting of acoustic dimensions during categorization.
Symbolic incentives can affect the frequency of blood and plasma donations: Evidence from 12 years of donors’ behavior and donation awards
Authors: Bilancini Ennio , Boncinelli Leonardo , Di Paolo Roberto , Menicagli Dario , Ricciardi Emiliano , Serti Francesco
Published: September 2021

We use panel data (from 2008 to 2019) covering the entire population of bloodand plasma donors affiliated to an association of donors (AVIS) in an Italian region(Tuscany) to examine how donors respond to a nonlinear scheme of symbolic incentives (medals) related to donation quotas and length of membership. The structureof the award scheme allows us to study the impact of two distinct characteristicsof the symbolic awards: the private vs. public assignment, and the donation-onlyvs. donation-and-membership criterion (although this latter characteristic can onlybe distinguished for private assignments). When we control for unobservable individual characteristics potentially affecting the evolution of performance along adonor’s career we find that: (i) public assignment of medals has an impact which isnot appreciably different from the one with private assignment, (ii) the donation-and-membership criterion induces an ex-post increase in the frequency of donations,while the donation-only criterion does not. This evidence suggests that symbolicawards are useful if given to less performing donors, that they affect behavior aftertheir obtainment rather than before, and that they operate when their obtainmentdoes not exclusively depend on performance, but also on membership.
Improving Mental Health on College Campuses: Perspectives of Indian College Students
Authors: Wasil Akash R , Malhotra Tanvi , Nandakumar Nivedita , Tuteja Nandita , DeRubeis Robert , Stewart Rebecca , Bhatia Avantika
Published: September 2021

The mental health of college students is increasingly viewed as an important public health priority. However, there has been little attention paid specifically to college students’ perspectives on factors that contribute to mental health challenges or on potential initiatives that could address them. Even less research has focused on students in low-and middle-income countries. In an effort to better understand how to improve mental health and wellness on college campuses, we administered an open-ended survey to 141 Indian college students (Mage=19.47, 65% female). We asked the students to identify: a) issues that contribute to mental health problems among college students, b) potential initiatives or strategies that could be used to improve mental health and wellness, and c) topics that students would like to learn about in a course about mental health and wellness. Applying thematic analysis, we identified academic stressors (e.g., pressure to succeed, competitiveness) and social stressors (e.g., lack of community, party culture and substance abuse) that students reported as contributors to mental health problems. Students also described mental health promotion strategies that could be implemented by faculty members (e.g., providing academic accommodations for students with mental health concerns), the student body (e.g., establishing peer counseling groups), and individual students (e.g., checking-in with others). Finally, they identified topics that they would like to learn about in mental health and wellness courses (e.g., how to identify mental health concerns, how to support friends). By raising several potential targets for mental health and wellness interventions for Indian college students, our study illustrates how open-ended surveys can be a useful and feasible way to solicit input from stakeholders in low- and middle-income countries. Future research will be needed to assess the effectiveness and feasibility of mental health promotion strategies, including those proposed by students.
Eye preferences in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella)
Authors: Wilson Duncan , Tomonaga Masaki , Jane-Vick Sarah
Published: September 2021

This study explored whether capuchin monkey eye preferences differ systematically in response to stimuli of positive and negative valence. The ‘valence hypothesis’ proposes that the right hemisphere is more dominant for negative emotional processing and the left hemisphere is more dominant for positive emotional processing. Visual information from each eye is thought to be transferred faster to and primarily processed by the contra-lateral cerebral hemisphere. Therefore, it was predicted capuchin monkeys would show greater left eye use for looking at negative stimuli and greater right eye use for looking at positive stimuli. Eleven captive capuchin monkeys were presented with four images of different emotional valence (an egg and capuchin monkey raised eyebrow face were categorised as positive, and a harpy eagle face and capuchin monkey threat face were categorised as negative) and social relevance (consisting of capuchin monkey faces or not), and eye preferences for viewing the stimuli through a monocular viewing hole were recorded. While strong preferences for using either the left or right eye were found for most individuals, there was no consensus at the population-level. Furthermore, the direction of looking, number of looks and duration of looks did not differ significantly with the emotional valence of the stimuli. These results are inconsistent with the main hypotheses about the relationship between eye preferences and processing of emotional stimuli. However, the monkeys did show significantly more arousal behaviours (vocalisation, door-touching, self-scratching and hand-rubbing) when viewing the negatively valenced stimuli than the positively valenced stimuli, indicating that the stimuli were emotionally salient. These findings do not provide evidence for a relationship between eye preferences and functional hemispheric specialisations, as often proposed in humans. Additional comparative studies are required to better understand the phylogeny of lateral biases, particularly in relation to emotional valence.
A Discriminative Lexicon Approach to Word Comprehension, Production and Processing: Maltese Plurals
Authors: Nieder Jessica , Chuang Yu-Ying , van de Vijver Ruben , Baayen R. H.
Published: September 2021

Comprehending and producing words is a natural process for human speakers. In linguistic theory, investigating this process formally and computationally is often done by focusing on forms only. By moving beyond the world of forms, we show in this study that the Discriminative Lexicon (DL) model operating with word comprehension as a mapping of form onto meaning and word production as a mapping of meaning onto form generates accurate predictions about what meanings listeners understand and what forms speakers produce. Furthermore, we show that measures derived from the computational model are predictive for human reaction times. Although mathematically very simple, the linear mappings betweenform and meaning posited by our model are powerful enough to capture the complexity and productivity of a Semitic language with a complex hybrid morphological system.
How the use of segmentation signs in compound reading affects reading behavior: an eye-tracking study
Authors: Deilen Silvana , Hansen-Schirra Silvia , Nagels Arne
Published: September 2021

Two eye-tracking experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of visual segmenta-tion, complexity, and context on the cognitive processing of compounds in German Easy Language. By presenting compounds in different boundary conditions, we determined whether a segmentation cue facilitates the processing of compounds presented with and without contextual information. The study was conducted with unimpaired adults and with hearing-impaired pupils, representing one of the target groups of Easy Language. The results indicate that visual segmentation facilitates processing of compounds for pupils with low literacy skills. However, they only benefit from segmentation when morpheme boundaries are marked in a subtle way, i.e., without strikingly deviating from the standard version. Pupils with higher literacy skills and unimpaired adults do not profit from segmentation. Even though hyphenation slows down compound processing for unimpaired readers, initial processing advantages of hyphenated over concatenated compounds emerged, which is explained by the fact that hyphenation forces a morpheme-based access and enables fast recognition of the compound’s first constituent. However, it hinders readers from accessing the compound via the direct route and thus slows down the processing of the compound as a whole. Furthermore, unimpaired readers and hearing-impaired pupils process compounds faster when presented with context.
A coparenting-focused intervention and new mothers’ postpartum obesity risk: Focusing on body mass index during the transition to parenthood
Authors: Moran Lisa , Lee Jin-Kyung , Jones Damon , Fronberg Kaitlin , Feinberg Mark E.
Published: September 2021

Background: While postpartum is a key life-stage contributing to increased obesity risk for women, existing weight management interventions don’t consider the role of a women’s partner in reducing stress and supporting lifestyle change. Objectives: 1) To assess the effect of an intervention enhancing coparenting relationship quality on maternal body mass index (BMI) from preconception to 12-months postpartum and 2) if intervention status moderated the association of change in cortisol with change in BMI. Subjects/Methods: A randomized controlled trial assessing enhancing coparenting relationships in couples during pregnancy and postpartum (n=57) compared to standard care (n=53) from 2003-6. Heterosexual couples (n=110) were recruited during pregnancy expecting their first child, ≥18 years old and living together. The intervention was Family Foundations, consisting of 8 classes for couples at transition to parenthood focused on enhancing coparenting (4 during and 4 following pregnancy).Results: The main outcome measure was change in maternal BMI and change in cortisol.There was less increase in BMI for mothers in the intervention compared to the control group (-1.03±0.42 kg/m2, p=0.015). There was an interaction between intervention status and cortisol change predicting BMI change (p=0.026) such that cortisol change significantly predicted BMI change among mothers in the control group (p=0.049) but not the intervention group (p=0.204). Conclusion: A coparenting intervention improved maternal postpartum BMI with this effect potentially related to interventions ameliorating the negative effect of stress, as measured by cortisol, on BMI. The role of enhanced coparenting in improving maternal anthropometry and reduced future obesity risk in women warrants urgent attention.
Aqueous extract of Pterocarpus santalinoides DC stem bark prevents L-NAME-induced hypertension in rat
Authors: Ramatou Chinte Yamjom , Esther Ngo Lemba Thom , Ngueguim Florence Tsofack , Fouda Yannick Bekono , Raceline Gounoue Kamkumo , Dimo Théophile
Published: September 2021

Background: Pterocarpus santalinoides stem bark is commonly used in Cameroonian medicine to treat many diseases including hypertension. Thus, this study was aimed to evaluate preventive effects of aqueous extract of Pterocarpus santalinoides (AEPS) stem bark on NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (LNAME)-induced hypertension in rat. Methods: Normotensive rats received L-NAME (25 mg/kg intraperitoneally) concomitantly with AEPS (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) or captopril (20 mg/kg) orally during 3 weeks. At the end of experimental period, arterial pressure and heart rate were recorded by invasive method. After sacrifice, blood, aorta and heart were harvested for biochemical analysis on homogenate. Results: Intraperitoneal injection of L-NAME induced in rat a significant increase (p < 0.001; p < 0.01; p < 0.05) of blood pressure, heart rate, malondialdehyde, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, hepatic and renal markers functions. L-NAME also decreased significantly (p < 0.001; p < 0.01; p < 0.05) the levels of HDL-cholesterol, nitrites, glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities as compared to control rats. The AEPS prevented significantly the increase (p < 0.001) of hemodynamic parameters induced by L-NAME and various modifications of biochemical parameters (lipid profile, hepatic and renal markers functions) and oxidative stress markers evaluated. Conclusion: This study shows that the aqueous extract of Pterocarpus santalinoides prevents hypertension, dyslipidemia and oxidative stress induced by L-NAME in rat by attenuating endothelial dysfunction, liver and kidney’s damages.
Microwave assisted extraction of antiplasmodial and antioxidant limonoids from Trichilia roka (chiov) Meliaceae)
Authors: Nana Olga , Momeni Jean , Boyom Fabrice Fekam , Ngassoum Martin Benoît
Published: September 2021

Trichilia roka (Chiov) is a medicinal plant from Meliaceae family. It is recognized in traditional medicine for its innumerable therapeutic properties. Limonoids, the main constituents of the root bark of this plant, is known for its antioxidant and antiplasmodial activities. To obtain an improved yield of these bioactive compounds from T. roka and reduce extraction time, solvent and energy required, it is of utmost importance to adopt innovative approaches such as microwave-assisted extraction. Microwave was attempted, as compared with the conventional mechanical agitation method to extract bioactive limonoids and quantify them through colorimetric quantification method using 4(dimethyl amino) benzaldehyde (DMAB). The antiplasmodial activity was evaluated against the intraerythrocytic stages of cultured Plasmodium falciparum using a phenotypic approach, and the antioxidant property was evaluated in vitro using DPPH radical-scavenging and β-carotene-linoleate model systems respectively. Three limonoids and were isolated from Trichilia roka (Chiov) root bark labelled RA, RO and RY. The microwave extraction yields were 115.895 mgRUBE/gDW for limonoids. The isolated compounds exhibited good antioxidant activities than crude extracts with IC50 values of 2.59 10-3 , 2.26 10-3 and 1.79 10-3 mg/mL respectively compared to crude extract IC50 values of 2. 10-2 mg/mL. The in vivo antiplasmodial test of the hydromethanolic microwave extracts showed during the five treatment days the decreasing of the parasitaemia for doses 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg with inhibition percentages of 82.75, 84.84 and 87.8 respectively.
Effect of concurrent exposure of toxic concentrations of lead and endosulfan on oxidative stress indices in rats
Authors: V Ranganathan , JK Malik , GS Rao
Published: September 2021

The effect of concurrent exposure of toxic concentrations of lead and endosulfan were evaluated on oxidative stress parameters in male wistar rats. Group I served as untreated control whereas Group II received drinking water containing lead as lead acetate @1000 ppm (Pb1000). Group III was exposed to feed containing technical grade endosulfan @ 100 ppm (E100). Group IV was exposed to Pb (1000) +E (100). All the treatments were given daily for 28 days. Combination of lead and endosulfan modified the indices of oxidative stress in the parameters such as lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase in rats as compared to their individual compounds. The results suggest that the combination of these individual compounds may have the potential to modify oxidative stress produced by single compounds in male rats.
Does 2’-hydroxygenistein inhibit the endometrial proliferation? A preliminary study
Authors: Ateba Sylvin Benjamin , Njamen Dieudonné , Krenn Liselotte
Published: September 2021

Isoflavones, due to their claimed or demonstrated beneficial biological activities, have attracted great interest and gained popularity among the public. On the risk of endometrial hyperplasia, conflicting findings for such compounds have been reported and genistein has been intensively studied. Studies also indicated that 2’-hydroxylation of isoflavones can lead to beneficial components with superior bioactivity compared to isoflavones lacking this substituent. Till now there is no study evaluating the effect of 2’-hydroxygenistein on endometrial hyperplasia in vivo. In line with this, a 3-day uterotrophic assay was carried out to evaluate the effect of 2’-hydroxygenistein on the uterus as its endometrial hyperplasia is of significant clinical concern. Daily subcutaneous administration of 2’-hydroxygenistein significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased uterine wet weight at 2 and 8 mg/kg/day, while it reduced (p ≤ 0.05) uterine epithelial height at all tested doses. In contrast, no significant variation was observed on vaginal epithelial height. As global result, it appears that 2’-hydroxygenistein might exhibit anti-proliferative effects in the uterus, while having no effect on the vagina. However, this aspect needs to be further investigated.
Development of Accelerated Soaking Method for Mustard using Microwave Assisted Heating
Authors: Behera Gitanjali , Behera Madhusmita , Negi Shubhashree , Challan Geeta
Published: September 2021

Mustard seeds are generally undergone the soaking process before use in any food application. But soaking mustard in water takes lots of time and energy. Therefore, the present investigation was carried out to study the soaking characteristics of mustard seed in different soaking conditions. The mustard seed was soaking in ambient water, hot water, and microwave heating applications. The initial moisture content of the mustard seed was found to be 12.64 % db. The moisture gain was found to be 55.46 % db in ambient water soaking after 360 min. In the hot water soaking, the moisture gain was estimated to be 68.33 % db, 80.40 % db, and 86.18 % db at 40°C, 50°C, and 60°C, respectively. The moisture gains in microwave-assisted soaking at 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 W/g power densities level were found to be 67.77 % db, 67.80 % db, 103.28 % db, 115.08 % db, 131.51 % db, respectively after 10 min. The Peleg model was found to be suitable for describing the soaking characteristics of mustard seed at all soaking conditions with higher R2 values. Among all the soaking methods, microwave-assisted soaking showed the best soaking characteristics of mustard with less time consumption and with more amount of moisture gain. Therefore, microwave-assisted soaking of mustard seed may be recommended for soaking of mustard which is less time-consuming and energy-saving process.
Key Areas to Economic Takeoff from Demographic Dividend: A Case of Nepal
Authors: Parajuli Kewal Ram
Published: September 2021

Rapid demographic change in the context of age structure and basic demographic indicators have created opportunity to accelerate economic growth and development in Nepal. At the time of favorable demographic context, it is required to qualify and mobilize currently existing large volume of active years population to fulfill the mission of sustained economic development. For this, it is necessary to invest on health, education, infrastructure along with creating employment opportunities but such opportunity period is missing out due low attention on social, economic, political and cultural sectors, which may misfortune for Nepal. Focusing on the key areas of economic take off in the declined fertility context, this paper reviews literature related to reaping demographic dividend. Based on secondary data from journal articles, census and Nepal Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) results, descriptive and content analysis method is applied. National Census data from Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) and Nepal Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) is taken as reference and some estimation from United Nations (UN) are also taken as requirement. To identify vital areas and situation to support economic take off and support to formulate and implement proper future population policy in Nepal are the main objectives of this article. Coping with socio-economic challenges need to focus on primary area of social development like education, productivity of labor, proper use of remittance to economic take off. Need to open gate for secondary demographic dividend with appropriate policy formulation in the recent context.
Antecedent of Consumer Impulsive Buying Behavior: A perspective of Developing Nation
Authors: Mishra Ugdam
Published: September 2021

Impulsive buying concerns the unplanned decision made by consumers before buying any items. Recognizing the factors that influence consumer’s impulsive buying behavior aids retail stores to understand consumer’s decision-making process and accordingly help them design and develop courses of action. However, few studies have only been conducted in this area in context of developing nation. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that influence impulsive buying behavior and the vital factor amongst them. After collecting 141 valid responses, the study validated the proposed conceptual model using structural equation model. AMOS 26 was used to analyze the data. Data were analyzed in two-fold: Measurement model and structural model. Three items were covaried to reach the optimal model fit revealing hedonic value and shopping enjoyment significant influence on impulsive buying. This research contributes to the knowledge about the relationship among hedonic value, marketing stimuli, shopping enjoyment and social interaction with impulsive buying behavior.
Boje na rubovima hrvatskog jezika
Authors: Jelaska Zrinka
Published: September 2021

The group of words used to denote colors is one of the most open lexical areas of Croatian, and probably other languages of Western civilization, perhaps even the most open because in this area the names are multiplied almost monthly, if not more often. The paper discusses whether all words, i.e. units, which in the Croatian language and culture denote colors in the extralinguistic world, belong to the category of ‘Croatian color names’. In order to determine the boundaries of that lexical area, several features of the color names that can be considered marginal are listed. Some colors are marginal as they are words of languages that are simply taken into Croatian, temporarily or in a certain context, e.g. aubergine. Others are intercultural, but also interlingual phenomena, such as bianca white. Given today’s marketing and the presence of global trade, this whole category is possibly marginal. Are the colors on the margins of the Croatian language along with all future words marked on products offered to Croatian speakers, regardless of which language they belong to, or will this belong to code switching, making the switching a margin, or beyond the margin of Croatian color names? Are (all) words denoting color in the Croatian language names of colors in Croatian, Croatian color names or Croatian color terms?
Središnje i rubno u poučavanju hrvatskoga kao inoga jezika
Authors: Udier Sanda Lucija , Gulešić Machata Milvia
Published: September 2021

Teaching Croatian as a foreign language (CFL) significantly differs from the teaching of Croatian as a first language, and the differences arise from the fact that it is intended for different recipients, and that it most often takes place in substantially different contexts. This dissimilarity is largely reflected in the choice of learning materials in the approach to teaching and the progression of teaching, most notably in distinguishing what is considered crucial in teaching from what is considered minor. This paper presents the distribution of teaching materials in terms of those which are considered crucial in the teaching of CFL, and those which are considered minor. Crucial content is considered to be anything that encourages the development of communication competence, i.e. productive grammar, the semantics of grammatical forms, the lexicon of different styles and registers which are involved in everyday communication, as well as paralinguistic content, while minor content is considered to be standardized-prescriptivist questions and disputes, accentuation (except regarding the place of stress), as well as everything that requires the introduction of the metalevel in the teaching of language. In addition to that it is important to bear in mind that this is not a matter of „either … or,“ but rather a gradient distribution along a scale, which largely depends on the degree of linguistic competence at which the teaching takes place, the context of instruction, and the purpose for which CFL is studied. This means that the assessment of whether instructional content is crucial or minor in teaching is made on the basis of the different circumstances in which the teaching takes place – for example whether it is an academic program or course, whether general language or a specialized type of language is being taught, whether the teaching takes place in a program with a large number of lessons or a few, what level of linguistic competence is involved, whether the teachers are with linguistically homogenous or heterogenous groups of learners, what the learning outcomes are, and so on. In comparison with teaching Croatian as a first language, the teaching of CFL is very different and the approach to its instruction is specific, and therefore requires special training and specialization.
Verbo-nominalne kolokacije kao periferni pojam u hrvatskim rječnicima
Authors: Baer Magdalena
Published: September 2021

The aim of the paper is to indicate the status of the peripheral representation of verb-nominal collocations in Croatian monolingual dictionaries. After the analysis, it is evident that dictionaries and language portals do not record collocations as separate lexicographic units. Collocations appear only in the entries of individual lexemes that form a particular collocation, which is also not consistent, as there is no systematically implemented rule as to whether collocation should be listed next to the collocator or collocate. The absence of certain rules for recording collocations is a problem for people learning Croatian as a foreign language and for translators who need to quickly find the meaning of the required language problem. The problem of recording collocations can be solved by publishing a collocation dictionary of the Croatian language in digital or printed form.
O vektorskom čitanju pismovnoga sustava Konstantina Ćirila
Authors: Lukić Milica
Published: September 2021

The paper presents and interprets Constantine Cyril’s script – his Glagolitic Azbuka – from the perspective of the number, i.e. in the matrix form. The matrix interpretation implies an arrangement of letters in columns and rows, i.e. vectors, whereby vectors mean one-column matrices. Such an arrangement of ones, tens, hundreds, and thousands expressed in letters establishes new meaning relations within that script and offers its new reading as a philosophical-symbolic medium. This medium, the vectorial reading shows, demonstrates with itself the purpose of Christianisation intended for it in the 9th century, and not just with the texts realised by it; this script (even today) teaches faith in the triune Christian God – the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, the Word that has become the body and the Letter as the evangelical message and will of the Incarnate Word.
Jezično jedinstvo i stilska razvedenost hrvatskih protestantskih tekstova 16. stoljeća
Authors: Kuštović Tanja
Published: September 2021

In the 16th century, the Croatian Protestant authors at Urach printed the texts in Glagolitic, Cyrillic and Latin script, in an effort to reach a wider audience. One of those texts is Spovid i spoznanie prave krsztianske vere, translated in 1564 by Antun Dalmatin and Stipan Konzul, and published in Glagolitic and Latin script. That literary work is the translation of the critical edition of The Augsburg Confession written by Philipp Melanchthon. It is a non-liturgical text divided into two parts: the first part contains 21 printed articles or „artikul“ and the second one consists of longer articles on religion, good deeds, bad habits, etc. The previous research of Croatian Protestant texts was principally centred on the study of the New Testament, while only recently have non-liturgical Protestant texts come under scientific scrutiny. It has already been known that the languages of liturgical and non-liturgical texts differ, the former having considerably more Old Church Slavonic features. In this paper I am going to study linguistic, primarily morphological features in the text not previously linguistically processed (Spovid i spoznanie prave krsztianske vere), and compare them to the New Testament linguistic features. The findings will help me establish the extent of variety between the language of non-liturgical and liturgical Protestant texts published by Croatian Protestants in the same period.
Zoolingvistička analiza poslovica u časopisu hrvatskog društva za zaštitu životinja Živobran na prijelazu iz 19. u 20. stoljeće
Authors: Bakota Lidija
Published: September 2021

A proverb is a concise, structurally complete saying formed as a reflection of a life experience or a speaker’s wisdom within a certain socio-cultural space. Based on tradition, in other words, on extralinguistic, real and concrete experience of a speaker, proverbs, through their constant use, become a constituent of collective experience and assume general meanings. Therefore, they serve an important didactic and moral-educational function in the language of the community. The paper explores the representation of proverbs (wise sayings) in the journal of the Croatian Association for the Protection of Animals „Živobran“ (1894–1904). The analyzed corpus consists of proverbs whose subject is most frequently an animal, or a human and their relationship towards animal world. The analysis of zoonymic paremiology will raise moral-ethical issues, such as speciesism and empathy, in the context of cultural zoology and biethics. Zoonymic paremiology on the pages of „Živobran,“ the journal of the Croatian Association for the Protection of Animals reveals historical-cultural cognitions on animal world of Croats at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.
Utjecaj interpretacija pojma periferijske umjetnosti Ljube Karamana i Miroslava Krleže na dalmatinsku povijesti umjetnosti
Authors: Prijatelj Pavičić Ivana
Published: September 2021

Although the so-called „Vienna school“ practised an universalist approach to history of arts, their prominent acters like Alois Riegel and Max Dvořák influenced the nationalist ideas among the Central European art historians in the interwar period. An evident example of such an influence is Croatian art historian Ljubo Karaman (1886‒1971) ‒ a Vienna student who studied the art relations between center and periphery from early 1930s on. His thoughts on this topic were collected in his 1963 book Problemi periferijske umjetnosti. O djelovanju domaće sredine u umjetnosti hrvatskih krajeva (Problems of Peripheral Art. On Influence of Local Surrounding on the Art of the Croatian Areas). Colonial character of the Karaman’s definition of the center/periphery relation is clear in his notion that the dissemination and assimilation of the artistic styles is always one-way: from developed center to the province. His definition of „peripheral art“ appeared as a reaction to the works of famous „Vienna school“ scholars from early 20th century (particularly Polish-Austrian art historian Strzygowski). It is based on the idea of external, political and artistic influences in Dalmatia as external forces of artistic exchange. A prominent writer and encyclopaedist Miroslav Krleža turned upside-down the idea of the artistic transfer from the advanced West toward underdeveloped East/Balkans as a periphery at the edge of civilisation. In his discussion on the Second Congress of writers in Zagreb he promoted the idea of the periphery as a true center. During 1950s, Krleža strongly influenced the formation of a new cultural paradigm, and forging of the new scientific paradigm within art history in Croatia. In her paper, the author explores how texts of the Croatian art-history scholars regarding ancient Dalmatian art were influenced by Karaman’s and Krleža’s ideas and concepts on peripheral, provincial, and border-line art.
Pulmonary Phaehyphomycosis in Retroviral Disease Patient
Authors: Zainulabid Ummu Afeera Binti , Abdul Azih Muhammad Naimmuddin Bin , A/L Maniyam Sasi Kumar , Abd Fuaa Azliana Binti , Bin Abidin Mohd Radhwan , Bin Ahmad Hajar Fauzan
Published: September 2021

Pulmonary phaeohyphomycosis is a rare infection in the lung caused by black fungi containing a cytoplasmic melanin-like pigment. A 42-year-old man with underlying retroviral disease on HAART was investigated for having constitutional symptoms. Despite undetectable viral load and a high CD4 count, he was found to have unexplained significant loss of weight and appetite over a period of 6 months. Clinical examination revealed a cachexic man with multiple inguinal lymphadenopathies. Excisional biopsy of the inguinal lymph node revealed reactive follicular hyperplasia. CT Thorax, Abdomen and Pelvis was arranged to look for occult malignancy or infection and he was found to have multiple non-enhancing subcentimeter lung nodules mainly at the lateral segment of the right middle lobe of his lung. The largest nodule measured about 0.8 x 1.5 x 0.5 (AP x W x CC), with some nodules having an irregular margin with no extension into the adjacent bronchi. Bronchoscopy was done and demonstrated a black patch at the right intermedius, lateral segment of the middle lobe which did not disappear upon bronchial flush or wash. Histopathological examination found focal areas of blackish pigment and the bronchial alveolar lavage sent for fungal culture grew Cladosporium species. The patient was treated with oral Itraconazole with marked clinical improvement. This case highlights an unusual black fungi infection in the lung that stands out not only for its rarity and it's responsiveness to treatment, but also the susceptibility of an RVD positive patient to this infection despite having suppressed viral load and normal CD4 count.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue-2: 2021 Page: S17
Local incidence of Jarisch–Herxheimer reaction in pregnancy following penicillin treatment for syphilis: A case series
Authors: Dhaliwal Amreet , Lopez Alison A , Bullard Jared , Poliquin Vanessa
Published: September 2021

Background: The literature suggests that the Jarisch–Herxheimer (J-H) reaction following antimicrobial treatment of syphilis is common and may precipitate uterine activity. Local practice is to transfer syphilitic parturients beyond gestational age of viability from rural locations to a tertiary care centre for treatment. Study objectives were to delineate local incidence and risk factors for the J-H reaction among pregnant women receiving treatment for syphilis. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on pregnant women diagnosed with syphilis and treated during pregnancy at a tertiary care centre between 2012 and 2018. J-H reaction was defined as having ≥1 of the following symptoms within 24 hours of antibiotic treatment: fever (temperature ≥38°C), clinical description of a painful or itchy skin lesion, headache, hypotension (systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg), uterine contractions, or fetal heart rate decelerations. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed with mean and median used as measures of central tendency for continuous and categorical data, respectively. Results: Fifty-eight charts were eligible for inclusion. Mean maternal age was 25.1 (SD 5.6) years, and mean gestational age was 20.4 (SD 9.5) weeks when syphilis was diagnosed. One patient (1/58, 1.7%) met J-H reaction criteria. Mean gestational age at delivery was 37.1 (SD 3.4) weeks. One stillbirth (1.7%) was identified. Conclusions: The J-H reaction is less common at our centre than the literature suggests. Further research is important to identify risk factors associated with J-H reaction to optimize resource allocation in the context of treatment of syphilis during pregnancy.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Audio Visual terhadap Keterampilan Menulis Karangan Persuasi pada Siswa Kelas X SMA Muhammadiyah 3 Kota Tangerang
Authors: Enawar Enawar , Sori Sopyan
Published: September 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan media audio visual terhadap keterampilan menulis karangan persuasi pada siswa kelas X SMA 3 Kota Tangerang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode quasi eksperimen dengan desain nonequivalent control group design. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes. Teknik analisis data dimulai dari uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh penggunaan media audio visual terhadap keterampilan menulis karangan persuasi pada siswa kelas X SMA 3 Kota Tangerang. Pengaruh ini ditunjukkan dari perbandingan pada nilai post test kelas eksperimen sebesar 71,3 dan pada kelas kontrol sebesar 66,8. Kemudian, dari hasil dari uji hipotesis thitung sebesar 4,59 > ttabel sebesar 2,00, maka terdapat perbedaan yang  signifikan  hasil tes akhir siswa di kelas eksperimen dan siswa di kelas kontrol. Hal ini bermakna bahwa siswa kelas eksperimen lebih terampil menulis karangan persuasi setelah diterapkannya media audio visual dibandingkan siswa di kelas kontrol yang tidak menggunakan media audiovisual.
A new species of the bee genus Nomioides Schenck from Afghanistan (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)
Authors: Pesenko Yu.A.
Published: September 2021

Nomioides bactriensis sp. n. is described from a single male from Quandahar (Afghanistan). The new species is similar to N. chalybeatus Blüthgen differing from the latter in the dull metallic green coloration of the head and mesosoma and the structure of the male terminalia.
On mainstream methodology: the decline of the scientific method or the advocacy of the status quo in economics?
Authors: Egorov Dmitrij
Published: September 2021

In the article a critical interpretation of the processes taking place in recent decades in the methodology of the mainstream economics is given. It is hypothesized that the observed devaluation of the concept of "truth", tolerance to the contradictions of particular theories, etc. is a form of protection of mainstream economic theory hard core (and, through this - the ideological protection of the entire world financial and economic architecture). It is concluded that the way out of the theoretical crisis of economic theory is not in the erosion of the millennial scientific standards, but in the return to them.
Der Bundestag in der Corona-Krise. Zwischen materieller Mitwirkung und kommunikativen Defiziten
Authors: Siefken Sven T. , Hünermund Sebastian
Published: September 2021

Die Bekämpfung der Covid-19-Pandemie galt vielen als „Stunde der Exekutive“ und führte zu Kritik an mangelnder Mitwirkung des Bundestages. Um dies zu überprüfen, bedarf es einerseits der Betrachtung materieller Einbindung des Parlaments in die inhaltliche Herstellung von Politik, andererseits deren kommunikativer Vermittlung. Primär- wie Sekundärquellen der Parlamentsstatistik und der Ausschusstätigkeit zu Gesetzgebung und Kontrolle werden analysiert und mittels eines Vorjahresvergleiches bewertet. Die Parlamentskommunikation wird basierend auf den Plenardebatten sowie Interviews mit Abgeordneten zu ihrer Wahlkreisarbeit betrachtet. Deutlich wird, dass von einem generellen Bedeutungsverlust des Bundestages – zumindest in der „ersten Welle“ der Corona-Krise – keine Rede sein kann. Die materielle, wenngleich vielfach informale Mitwirkung an der Regierungspolitik durch die Fraktionen aus Mehrheit und Teilen der Opposition, war über weite Strecken vorhanden. Allerdings erwies sich die glaubhafte Vermittlung dieses Erfolgs, sowohl im Plenum des Bundestages als auch „zu Hause“ in den Wahlkreisen, als überaus defizitär.
The influence of Brand Image, Product Quality, and Price on Buying Decisions of Nissan Type Livina Cars
Authors: Taxvia Rina Faja , Riyadi Riyadi - , Devie Erika -
Published: September 2021

The consumer purchase decisions of Nissan Setiabudi Semarang Dealers to Nissan type Livina cars higher when compared to other types of Nissan cars, which can be seen from the car sales data of Nissan Setiabudi Semarang Dealers. Purchase decisions are influenced by several factors, including brand image, product quality, and price. The purpose of this research was to see the influence of brand image, product quality, and price on the purchase decision of Nissan type Livina cars at Nissan Setiabudi Semarang Dealers. The methods of collecting data were questionnaire, interview, and literature view. The data analysis used was multiple linier regression analysis. The number of samples in the research were 98 consumers. The results shows that the brand image partially had no significant effect on purchase decisions, while product quality and price had significant increase on purchase decisions. Then simultaneously the variables were brand image, product quality, and price had significant effect on purchase decisions. Based on results of multiple linier regression analysis, the equation Y =  1,199 + 0,105X1 + 0,547X2 + 0,222X3. Purchase decisions were explained by the variables of brand image, product quality, and price by 73,7%, while the remaining 26,3% was explained by other variables not examined in this research.