bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness Evaluation of Fenugreek Seeds Ethanol Extract (Trigonella foenum-graecum) Against Bacterial Growth Streptococcus sanguinis: In Vitro Study
Authors: Muharraran Firdha , Idamawati Nababan  , Usvah
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Streptococcus sanguinis is a pioneer bacteria in the formation of dental plaque that causes caries. Fenugreek (Trigonella-foenum-graecum L.) is a medicinal plant that has antibacterial properties because it contains alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, and terpenoids. The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of fenugreek seed extract with concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% on bacterial growth of S. sanguinis.

Methods: This study is the post-test-only control group. The research sample is a pure culture of Streptococcus sanguinis bacteria ATCC 10556. Antibacterial testing uses the disc diffusion method by sight diameter bacterial inhibition zone.  Data was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test.

Results: The test results showed that the ethanol extract of fenugreek seeds with concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% had an inhibitory zone against the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis bacteria with the average diameter of the inhibitory zone for each concentration being 7.77 ± 6.13 mm. 9.90 ± 8.09, 12.22 ± 5.05, and 14.75 ± 4.83 mm, but the antibacterial effectiveness did not have a significant difference with a value of p = 0.12.

Conclusion: The ethanol extract of fenugreek seeds has antibacterial activity against the Streptococcus sanguinis bacteria but is not significant.
Upambanuzi wa Mikakati ya Kitashtiti katika Vibonzo vya Kisiasa Vya Gado
Authors: Mburu Kerryann Wanjiku , Wandera-Simwa Sheila , Wendo Nabea
Published: January 2024

Taalumu ya uchoraji na uchapishaji wa vibonzo vya kisiasa umekuwepo tangu karne ya kumi na nane. Saana hii huwavutia watafiti wengi kutokana na uwezo wake wa kusimba jumbe zisizoweza kusemwa wazi wazi. Ifahamike kuwa sifa kuu ya vibonzo vya kisiasa ni kuwa vinapaswa kuwa cheshi na vyenye tashtiti ndiposa viweze kuwasilisha masuala tata kwa njia ya kimzaha. Kutokana na hali hii, utafiti huu ulichunguza tashtiti katika vibonzo vya kisiasa vya Gado vilivyochapishwa katika mwaka wa 2017 kwenye tovuti yake. Lengo kuu la utafiti huu lilikuwa ni kupambanua mikakati iliyotumika katika kuendeleza maudhui ya kitashtiti katika vibonzo vilivyoteuliwa. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na nadharia ya Semiotiki iliyoasisiwa na Ferdinand De Saussure, na baadaye kuhakikiwa na Chandler na pia Wamitila. Mihimili ya nadharia hii ilitumika kuchambua mikakati iliyotumiwa na Gado katika vibonzo vyake kwa minajili ya kuendeleza maudhui ya kitashtiti. Utafiti huu ni wa kimaelezo na ulifanyika mtandaoni, pale ambapo mtafiti alipekua tovuti ya Gado (www.gadocartoons.com) na kuteua kimaksudi vibonzo vinane kutokana na jumla ya vibonzo ishirini vilivyokuwa vimechapishwa katika mwaka wa 2017. Uteuzi huu ulijikita katika vibonzo vilivyofungamana na madhumuni ya utafiti huu. Kwa jumla, utafiti huu ulidhibitisha kuwa mwanakibonzo Gado alitumia mbinu za lugha kama vile; kinaya, kejeli, metonimia, sitiara, analojia na mwingiliano matini kama mikakati ya kuibua kitashtiti katika vibonzo vyake. Vilevile, utafiti huu ulionyesha kuwa Gado alitumia ishara kama vile; matumizi ya rangi mbalimbali, pamoja na alama kama vile; heshtegi, mviringo na nyota kama mikakati ya kuibua tashtiti katika vibonzo vyake. Mwishowe, utafiti huu ulidhibitisha kuwa vibonzo vilivyochapishwa kwenye mtandao, vilidhihirisha uhuru na ukali mwingi katika usawiri wa masuala mbalimbali, jambo ambalo lilisaidia katika kufanikisha lengo kuu la tashtiti; ambalo ni ushambulizi unaochochea mabadiliko. Mwishowe, matokeo ya utafiti huu yalitarajiwa kuwanufaisha wanamawasiliano, wanasemiotiki na wasomi wa masuala ya kisiasa kwa kuwapa mtazamo mpya kuhusiana na matumizi ya maneno na ishara katika kusimba jumbe tata zinazochapishwa kwenye mtandao ambapo kuna uhuru mwingi wa kuelezea masuala tata bila kudhibitiwa.
استخدام أدوات السياسة النقدية في ليبيا
Authors: الحاسية ميلود
Published: January 2024

مع الاهتمام الذي أبداه مختلف الاقتصاديون بالتنمية واقتصاديات البلدان المسبوقة اقتصاديا منذ الأربعينات من هذا القرن ظهرت مشكلة تطبيق وتکییف مختلف السياسات الاقتصادية من مالية وتجارية ونقدية التي عرفت ووضعت أسسها في البلدان المتقدمة على هذه الدول مع ملاحظة الفوارق الكبيرة التي تفصل بينها اقتصاديا واجتماعيا وسياسيا . وبالرغم من المجهودات القيمة التي بذلت في هذا الصدد الا أن دراسة كل سياسة من هذه السياسات وطريقة تطبيقها على كل بلد أصبح أمرا ضروريا . وانطلاقا من هذا المبدء سوف نخصص هذه المقالة لمناقشة كيفية تطبيق ومدى فاعلية ادوات السياسة النقدية التقليدية منها وغير التقليدية على الاقتصاد ، آملين أن تكون هذه المقالة بداية نقاش جدی علمی سلیم لهذه المشكلة . سوف نبدا نقاشنا ببيان الخصائص الهامة التي يتميز بها القطاع النقدي في ليبيا ثم نرسم الإطار النظري الذي على اساسه ننطلق إلى مناقشة كل من هذه الأدوات النقدية على حده .
تقديرات معالم توزيعات تکرارية عند تواجد متباينات
Authors: حسين عاشق
Published: January 2024

يتناول هذا المقال دراسة مقارنة لطرق التقدير estimation بالطريقة التقليدية وطريقة بيزBayes عند تواجد معلومات وقيود معينة ، فقد يكون لدى الاحصائي عند بحثه عن تقديرات مناسبة لمعالم Parameters معينة بعض المعلومات يود اعتبارها لتحسين نوعية تقديراته ، وقد يكون مصدر هذه المعلومات دراسة سابقة او اعتقاد معين لتحسين نوعية تقديراته ، وقد يكون مصدر هذه المعلومات دراسة سابقة او اعتقاد معين او تحتمها طبيعة التوزيع التكراري المفترض ، فاي كان مصدر هذه المعلومات فان اخذها في الاعتبار ينتج عنه مصاعب يتوجب ايجاد حلول لها .
دراسة التكامل بين الدول العربية من الفترة 1967 م - 1973م
Authors: فخر الدين جلال
Published: January 2024

سيتناول هذا البحث استعراض الاساليب المختلفة في دراسة نظرية التكامل وسبب تفضيل الاسلوب التنسيقي Configurative Approach من حيث ملاءمة هذا الأسلوب عند التطبيق في حالة الدول العربية ، وعن طريق هذه الدراسة سيكون الغرض الاساسي معرفة درجة التكامل بين الدول العربية من 1967 م إلى 1973 م من خلال المعاهدات والاتفاقيات المبرمة والمصدق عليها داخل الجامعة العربية
المشاكل الاقتصادية والاجتماعية المعيقة للتطور الاقتصادي في القطاع الزراعي العربي
Authors: الأسدي فوزي
Published: January 2024

لا شك أن بعض الدول العربية محظوظة لتملكها بعض الثروات الطبيعية الضرورية للتطور الاقتصادي ، مثل مصادر النفط الضخمة وما يتبع ذلك من تكرا، دس أو توفر التطع النادرة بكميات كبيرة بالإضافة إلى الأراضي الزراعية وبعض مصادر المياه الغزيرة والمناخ العتال ، الا ان هذه العوامل بحد ذاتها لم تساع هذه الدول العربية بي للوصول الى درجة أعلى في اقتصادها، حتى أن جميع الدول العربية لا زالت تعلیمی « دولا نامية » أو متاخرة اقتصاديا
The use of Economic means in Libya's Foreign Policv in Africa: 1970 — 1974
Authors: SHEMBESH ALI
Published: January 2024

Forein Plicy is a continuous process, requiring constant studv and reinterpretation of changing situations to achieve certain national goals. Foreign policv can, therefore, be defined in terms of an ends-means relation-shin. Foreign policy is the relation between input ( means ) and output ( ends ). In order for a state to achieve certain goals in the international arena, it has to have certain means. By the same token, a state has to have specific foreign policv objectives in order to use those available means in the best possible manner.
إجراءات الرقابة الإدارية على النفقات الاستثمارية دراسة تطبيقية على المنشات بالجماهيرية العربية الليبية الشعبية الاشتراكية
Authors: العربي عبد السلام
Published: January 2024

الزام كل قسم من أقسام المنشأة بوضع خطط إن الزيادة المستمرة في المشاكل الإدارية المعقدة تتناسب مع خطط الأقسام الأخرى أدت إلى زيادة الأدوات الإدارية والفنية والاجراءات تنظيم تحديد المسئولية لكل مستوى من الحديثة التي جرى العرف على تسميتها « بالإدارة مستويات الإدارة وكل فرد من أفرادها وتحديد العلمية » . Scientific Management والميزانيات الصلاحيات تبعا لذلك . التقديرية Budget كأداة للتخطيط والرقابة إحدى الزام الإدارة بتخطيط برامجها على أساسس هذه الوسائل التي تستخدمها إدارات المنشأت على يمكنها من إستخدام الموارد المتاحة بطريقة اختلاف أنواعها لمساعدتها في تحقيق الأهداف التي اقتصادية وجدت المنشأة من اجلها .
Statistical Sampling in Auditing
Authors: EL-ARABI ABDUSSALAM
Published: January 2024

In every audit the accountant performs, he must make sufficient tests of the records to support his opinion on the fairness of the financial statements. The auditor must not test an excess number of items to form his opinion nor test too few transactions. He must find a median which will keep the cost reasonable for the client and yet will allow the auditor to test enough transactions to substantiate his opinion. In this paper, the advantages of statistical sampling methods will be discussed along with illustrations of the ways the auditor can use statistical testing methods.
The Influence of Legal Environment upon Accounting in Libya
Authors: EL-SHARIF YOUNIS
Published: January 2024

During the last twenty years accounting in Libya as in many other economies had an important function in the Libyan economy. The accounting function as defined by one author includes measurement and communication of economic data. l Also the importance of this function was emphasized by one of the former presidents of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants as follows:One thing that holds the economy together under all the pressures, and in the midst of this swift evolutionary passage through time, is our system offinancial reporting . . without adequate information about the results of business operations no one could make intelligent decisions, and our economy wouldfall apart?Investors, creditors, management, as well as state agencies need much more reliable information in order to make important decisions related to the economic development of Libya. Therefore, the Libyan accounting profession must be developed to fulfill these new demands Although accounting development in general have been influenced by the social, economic and legal environment, the modern accounting profession in Libya is relatively new. Until few years ago there was no considerable action to have any professional accounting organization as it is known in other developed countries. Law No. 1 16 of 1973 was the first complete regulation to be enacted in order to organize the accounting profession in Libya. However, the formation of the organization of Libyan Accountants and Auditors was not completed until 1976. Not much work has been completed by this organization to date.
Exercise of State Control over Local Self-Government in the Field of Environmental Protection
Authors: Boldyriev Serhii , Steshenko Tatyana , Serohina Svitlana , Fomina Svitlana , Kapelista Iryna
Published: January 2024

Today, environmental protection is a priority task for the governments of countries around the world due to the deepening of environmental problems and their impact on people's lives. Several problematic issues can and must be solved at the local level, which will make environmental policy more effective and take into account local needs. The study aimed to analyse the competence of local self-government bodies in terms of monitoring compliance with environmental legislation. A comparative analysis was used to study the issue of ensuring the protection of the environment and ecosystem by local self-government bodies through the prism of legal protection. During the research, several obstacles to the implementation of effective environmental protection measures at the local level were identified: the imperfection of the financing system, the lack of environmental awareness, the absence of effective administrative and procedural measures, and the imperfection of state control. In response to the identified problems, the positive experience of implementing the norms of the European Charter of Local Self-Government was investigated. It was established that the decentralization of local self-government had a positive effect on the protection of the ecosystem, as it brought local authorities closer to the public and provided local authorities with real powers to solve problems related to compliance with environmental legislation. In addition, to increase the effectiveness of mechanisms of state control over local self-government in the field of environmental protection, a system of principles of such control is proposed, consisting of publicity, systematicity, effectiveness, objectivity, impartiality, and universality. The proposed system will cover several key environmental problems and quickly and effectively solve them with the involvement of competent specialists and the public. The state of environmental protection at the local level is seen in further research and justification to determine practical recommendations for the implementation of decentralization of local self-government.
Survey: Rainfall Prediction Precipitation, Review of Statistical Methods
Authors: Benziane Sarah
Published: January 2024

Rainfall precipitation prediction is the process of using various models and data sources to predict the amount and timing of precipitation, such as rain or snow, in a particular location. This is an important process because it can help us prepare for severe weather events, such as floods, droughts, and hurricanes, as well as plan our daily activities. Processing rainfall data typically involves several steps, which may vary depending on the specific data set and research question. Here is a general overview of the steps involved: (1) Collecting data: Rainfall data can be collected using various methods, including rain gauges, radar, and satellite imagery. The data can be obtained from public sources, such as government agencies or research institutions. (2) Quality control: Before using the data, it's important to check for errors or inconsistencies. This may involve identifying missing or incomplete data, outliers, or inconsistencies in measurement units. Quality control can be performed manually or using automated software. (3) Pre-processing: Once the data has been quality controlled, it may need to be pre-processed for analysis. This may involve aggregating the data to a specific temporal or spatial resolution, such as daily, monthly, or annual averages, or converting the data to a specific format. (4) Analysis: The processed data can be used for various types of analysis, such as trend analysis, frequency analysis, or spatial analysis. These analyses can help to identify patterns, changes, or relationships in the data. (5) Visualization: Finally, the results of the analysis can be visualized using graphs, maps, or other types of visualizations to help communicate the findings. Overall, processing rainfall data requires careful attention to detail and a clear understanding of the research question and data sources.
Effects of Intra-Articular Platelet Rich Plasma on Clinical Outcomes in Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Umang Sanghvi  , Abhishek Rupavatiya
Published: January 2024

Background and Aim: With increasing frequency, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) preparations have been used to treatcartilage lesions to regenerate tissue homeostasis and retard the progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA). The aimof our research was to study the effectiveness of intra-articular PRP injections in early-stage OA patients and toevaluate the clinical outcome and QOL at 6 months.Material and Methods: Present study was conducted on 80 patients at tertiary care institute of Gujarat for thePeriod of 1 year. Intraarticular administration of PRP was done by injecting 5 mL of platelet concentrate in thesupra-patellar pouch through supero-lateral approach with a 22-gauge needle. The patients were followed upfor reduction in pain, reduction in stiffness and improvement in physical function in accordance with WOMACscoring system on day 0 and at the end of 6th week, 3rd and 6th months and QOL in accordance with WHOQOLquestionnaire before PRP therapy and at the end of 6th month.Results: In our study of 80 patients 26 had very poor, 23 had poor and 1 had neither poor nor good QOL beforePRP injection evaluated by WHOQOL. At 6 months post PRP therapy 5 had very good, 59 had good, 15 hadneither good nor poor and 1 had poor QOL which showed highly significant improvement in QOL.Conclusion: Intra-articular injection of autologous PRP is a safe, cheap, easy to prepare and use, and has atherapeutic role in early knee OA. Hence, PRP therapy can be used in management of early stage knee OA toprovide relief from symptoms and to improve QOL with negligible complication, low cost and ultimately withgood results.
Pancytopenia in Pediatric Population: An Etiological and Haematological Analysis in a Tertiary Care Hospital, TS
Authors: Fakeha Firdous  , Zuafshan Sultana  , Anjani Devi  , Srujana R  , G J Vani Padmaja
Published: January 2024

Pancytopenia is a haematological condition rather than a disease, where the RBC, WBC and platelets are decreasedin a patients blood. If one has pancytopenia it means there is an underlying cause responsible for it .Diagnosticevaluation of pancytopenia requires detailed clinical history, physical examination, haematological investigationsincluding thorough peripheral blood smear and bone marrow examination. Pancytopenia is a serious condition,which should not be ignored. Prompt treatment is required. The etiological causes vary from simple causes to lifethreatening conditions. So early recognition of the causes helps in improving the prognosis of the patients.
A Cross Sectional Study to Measure the level of Depression and the Quality of life among the Geriatric Population Residing in Old Age Home
Authors: Sandeep Soni  , Deepak Vishwakarma  , Aravindh AJ
Published: January 2024

Background: Aging can cause reduced physical and mental ability, economic dependence, and depression in theelderly, lowering their quality of life. The study aims to determine depression prevalence and assess quality of lifeamong geriatric populations in Old Age Homes.Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among the elderly (age≥60 years) residing in anold age home (n=90) in district Bhopal (M.P). Multistage simple random sampling was used to select the studyparticipants in all elderly people living in the OAH were included. The tools used are Geriatric Depression Scale-Hindi (GDS-H) to estimate the level of depression and The World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF(WHOQOL-BREF) in Hindi to assess the quality of life.Results: The prevalence of depression in OAH nearly 90 percent were suffering from depression either mild (61.11percent) or severe (27.78 percent).Conclusion: This study also revealed that the level of depression is inversely proportional to the quality of life. Asthe level of depression increases the quality of life of an elderly individual decreases.
A Comparative Study of Visual Outcome and IOP Changes in Postoperative PCO Cases Among Diabetics and Non Diabetics Following Nd: YAG Laser Capsulotomy
Authors: Anil Kumar  , Pranesh Kulkarni
Published: January 2024

Background: Posterior capsular opacification is the most common long term complication of modern IOL surgery.ND: YAGlaserre mains the corner stone of its treatment. In this study, an attempt is made to study the visualoutcome and change in the intraocular pressure following Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy and compare the resultsbetween diabetic patients and non-diabetic patients.Method: This was a prospective study of 100 patients (50 diabetics and 50 nondiabetics), conducted in KhajaBanda Nawaz Teaching and General Hospital, Kalaburgai. All patients in the age group 45-75 years, attendingthe regular OPD who presented with visually significant posterior capsular opacification and were treated withNd:YAG laser capsulotomy. Patients were included in the study taking into consideration inclusion and exclusioncriterias. Patients were followed up on first day, first week and the four weeks and the improvement in the BCVAand the changein IOP (Intra Ocular pressure) were recorded.Results: All the patients treated for PCO with Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy showed an improvement in visualacuity. The visual outcome at four weeks (41%had > 6/12) was found to be better than that at first week (34 % hadthe same) and first day (16% had the same). The final visualoutcome at 4 weeks was found to be better in nondiabetics(52% had>6/12) compared to diabetics (30% had>6/12). All the patients showed an increase in IOP atthe first day and first week of follow up and return to near normal of baseline values at four weeks of follow up,the pattern of change in IOP being similar in both the study groups.Conclusion: Nd:YAG laser capsule to May effectively improves the visualacuity inpatients with visually significantPCO. The comparatively poor outcome in the diabetic group can be attributed to the associated retinopathychanges. Nd:YAGl aser capsulotomy is associated with a transient rise in the intraocular pressure in all patientswhich can very rarely remain persistently high.
Tuberculosis of Ankle Joint: Case Series
Authors: Sonali Parida  , Priyadarshini Behera  , Chaitanya Kiran Gara  , Sangita Jena
Published: January 2024

Despite the widespread awareness campaigns going on worldwide for elimination of tuberculosis, knowledge onunsual forms of tuberculosis still remains low. We need to realize that tuberculosis can present in any form andthus, a greater degree of suspicion is important always especially in countries with high tuberculosis prevalence.Although skeletal tuberculosis is being increasingly diagnosed and treated, still tuberculosis of the ankle joint isuncommon and often misdiagnosed as septic arthritis and thus leads to unnecessary delay in treatment. Sometimesanother focus of tuberculosis elsewhere in the body may be not found nor do the patients have any presumptivetuberculosis symptom. It is equally important to know that surgery alone might not help these patients. acombination of surgery and appropriate anti tubercular therapy is the right approach. So, a multidisciplinary roleand co operation of the surgeon as well as the physician is essential especially in cases of skeletal tuberculosis.Hence, it is imperative to know about tuberculosis irrespective of the system or anatomical structure involved.
Morbidity Pattern Amongst Women of Reproductive Age Group (15-44 Years) Residing in Rural and Urban Field Practice Areas of Government Medical College, Amritsar: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sandeep kaur  , M.L. Sharma  , Sanjeev Mahajan  , Tejbir Singh  , Vineet Bal
Published: January 2024

Background: Health of a woman in the family is far more important because whole family revolves around her.Any deviation from the state of normal physical, mental and social well being is morbidity and the morbidity inwomen at any stage of the life cycle , more so during reproductive age group, adversely affects the quality of life ofher own as well as that of whole family. It creates hinderances in the overall development at the individual leveland that of the nation as well.Objectives: To assess the morbidity pattern of women in reproductive age group (15-44 years).Material and methods: A cross- sectional study was conducted on the females of reproductive age group (15-44years) in rural and urban field practice areas of Government Medical College, Amritsar from 1st March 2021 to28th Feb. 2022. Sample size was calculated using formula N ≥ Z 2 × P × (1-P) / d2 . A pre-tested, semi structuredquestionnaire was used for collection of the required data.Participants: All females in the age group of 15-44 years who gave a consent to participate in the study wereselected. Any female with any congenital disease / malformation / intellectual disability, pregnant female andfemales who failed to give written informed consent / not willing for participation in the study were excluded.Results: Out of 330 study participants, 146 (44.2%) had one or more types of morbidities at the time ofstudy. The majority (95%) of these morbidities were chronic in nature while a small proportion i.e. 5% were acute.The system involved in multiple morbidities was reproductive and gynaecological system in majority (43.8%) ofstudy participants which was followed by cardiovascular system (9.6%), musculoskeletal system (9.3%), centralnervous system (4.2%), metabolic, ENT and urinary system (3.9% each), gastrointestinal system (3.3%), skin (2.4%)and respiratory system (2.1%).Conclusions: The pattern of morbidity in females of reproductive age group turned out to be Reproductive andGynecological inclusive of menstrual disturbances, PID, fibroid, RTIs, STIs, vaginal discharge etc. followed bycardiovascular system (9.6%), musculoskeletal system (9.3%), central nervous system (4.2%), metabolic, ENT andurinary system (3.9% each), gastrointestinal system (3.3%), skin (2.4%) and respiratory system (2.1%).
Examining the Artificial Sweeteners in Commonly Consumed Beverages, Chewing Gums, Chocolates, and Mouthwashes using HPLC and TLC Methodology
Authors: Rakesh Naik  , Soumya Ranjan Pradhan  , Prasanthi Prabhakaran Sobhana  , Devindra Shakappa
Published: January 2024

Background: Artificial sweeteners (AS) are synthetic compounds extensively used in food and beverages industriesdue to its techno-functional role as alternatives to table sugar. Many studies report the adverse health effect on useof such compounds beyond its permitted limit. Hence, the aim of present study is to analyzed the AS contents inselected commonly consumed beverages and food products.Methods: High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Thin Layer Chromatography methodology was usedto carry out the analysis.Results: Concentration of Ace-K ranged from 7 to 14 mg/100 ml, sucralose from 83 to 93 mg/100 ml, and aspartame11mg/100ml in beverages. In mouthwashes, saccharin ranged from 102 to 140 mg/100g. Among chocolates,saccharine was observed from 9 to 13 mg/100g. Chewing gums contained 9 to 193 mg/100 g of aspartame,118mg/100g of Ace-K, and 82 to 155 mg/100g of sucralose.Conclusion: The data could help in public awareness as well as regulatory bodies in monitoring the levels of ASfound in food products and beverages with officially permitted limits.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices about Biomedical Waste Management among Healthcare Personnel in Primary Healthcare Centers in Western Maharashtra
Authors: Kale Kalpana M  , Patil Ashok G  , AswarNandkeshav R  , Kamble Navnath T  , Mujumdar Harshawardhan N
Published: January 2024

Background: The absence of proper waste management, lack of awareness about the health hazards of biomedicalwastes, and poor control of waste disposal pose the most critical problems. It is essential for healthcare workersto have the knowledge, practice, and safe method for biomedical waste handling. Our objective is to assess theknowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) about BMW management among healthcare workers working at PHCin rural health areas.Methods: The present community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among the healthcare personnelin primary healthcare centers in randomly selected Taluka of Western Maharashtra. For this questionnaire-basedcross-sectional study, a questionnaire was designed which includes,relevant aspects of BMW Management likeknowledge about various types of biomedical waste, its disposal in various color-coded bags, and its transport.Through the one-to-one interview, information was obtained as per the questionnaire. Data entry was done in aMicrosoft Excel sheet and analysis was done. Proportion & percentage were used to interpret the result.Conclusions: There was a lack of knowledge regarding segregation & transmission of diseases through BMWamong sanitary staff. It also shows that enough precautions were not being taken for preventing needle stickinjuries among nurses and sanitary staff.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Menstrual Health among Adolescent School Girls in Kurnool District, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: B.Renuka  , P.Sudha Kumari  , S.Pushpa Latha
Published: January 2024

Background: The event of menarche associated with taboos and myths in our traditional society has a negativeimplication for women’s health, particularly their menstrual hygiene. Women having better knowledge regardingmenstrual hygiene are less vulnerable to reproductive tract infections.Objectives: 1) To study the Socio-demographic profile of adolescent school girls.2) To study the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of menstrual hygiene among adolescent school girls.Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among 122 adolescent girls of twosecondary schools situated in the rural field practice area of Kurnool Medical college, Kurnool with the help of apre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire. Data were analyzed statistically by simple proportions.Results: Out of 122 respondents, 48 (39.3%) girls were aware about menstruation prior to attainment of menarche.Mother and family members were the first informant regarding menstruation in case of 93 (76.2%) girls. 101(82.8%) girls believed it as a physiological process. Regarding practices, 119 (97.6%) girls used sanitary padsduring menstruation.Conclusions: Menstrual hygiene, a very important risk factor for reproductive tract infections, is a vital aspectof health education for adolescent girls. Trained health personnel, motivated school teachers and knowledgeableparents can play a very important role in transmitting the vital message of correct menstrual hygiene to theadolescent girl of today.
Re-evaluation of Psoriatic Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Case Control Study Searching for the Highly Prevalent Criteria
Authors: Wisam Majeed Kattoof
Published: January 2024

Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder, presented as erythematous plaques with salmon pink color and silvery white scales. The association between psoriasis and metabolic syndrome have recently demonstrated by many studies, and this link suggested by the presence of systemic inflammatory status with the high level of cytokines. The study aimed to evaluate psoriatic patient who have metabolic syndrome with recording of the frequency of the criteria of this syndrome. Sixty two cases of psoriasis involved in this study with age and gender matched controls. Patient was diagnosed as having metabolic syndrome if he has three or more of the criteria depend upon IDF/NHBLI/AHA/World Heart Federation/International Atherosclerosis Society/International Association. This study revealed that metabolic syndrome occur in a higher frequency among psoriatic patients (58%) than the controls (16%). The highly prevalent criteria among psoriatic patients with positive metabolic syndrome was increase waist circumference at the top (100%) and hypertriglyceridemia came next (69%), with low HDL, hypertension, and raised fasting blood glucose came successively. The study reiterates the fact that Metabolic Syndrome and psoriasis do have a close association. Our study shows that central obesity and hypertriglyceridemia occur with high frequency among psoriatic patients with positive metabolic syndrome.
Effectiveness of Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinsonism
Authors: Ajaydeep Singh1, Arvinpreet Kour
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a neurosurgical procedure indicated for patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD).This study aimed to investigate the relative efficacy and safety of DBS when medical therapy is ineffective in advanced PD. Material and Method: 50 patients whom were on medical treatment for long and started to have side effects of the drugs were the part of the study to find the improvement in the status in terms of tremors, dyskinesia and rigidity. Results: Preoperatively and postoperatively comparison in the improvement was done which revealed, improvement was 75%, 61.5% and 58 % respectively in tremors, rigidity and dyskinesia. There was statically significantly improvement rigidity, tremor and the dyskinesia, the patients needed smaller doses of the medications and showed less signs of distress. Conclusion: Our results clearly suggested that with Deep Brain Stimulation patients showed significant improvement with decreased dose of medication.
Trend on Drink Drive and Road Accident Across Asian Region: A Review Study
Authors: Siti Hawa Harith1,2, Norashikin Mahmud
Published: January 2024

Road accident is a distressing issue that has been faced by all countries worldwide. Asia contributed more than one fourth of the total of road accident rates every year. One of the leading road accident factors that have been reported by most scholars is the drink drive problem. Therefore, this review was conducted with an aim to systematically study the trend on the drink drive and road accident. Searches were performed in Wiley Online Library, Emerald, Scopus, Science Direct and Web of Science. A total of 2462 findings have been yielded and after the screening and reviewing process, only 23 studies were included in this review. In overall, most of the included studies were published in Accident Analysis and Prevention journal within the years of 2000 onwards. The scholars mostly have undertaken their studies using the case series research design and using the accident data cases as their sample. Finally, most of the studies were undertaken in China.
Evaluation of Maternal and Child Health Care Services in Health Care Centers with High Maternal and Infant Mortality Rate in Wassit Governorate, Iraq
Authors: Ahmed Thani Sadoon1, Basim Hussein Bahir
Published: January 2024

Background: Maternal and infant mortality is considered an important indicator of socioeconomic and for society’s level of development, as well as, an important indicator for assessing the level of health services provided system. This study aims at evaluation of maternal and child health program in health care centers with high maternal and infant mortality rate in Wassit governorate and to determine the availability, acceptability and utilization of maternal and child health care. Material and Method: A cross-sectional study, were conducted at three health sectors in Wassit governorate that recorded the highest maternal and infant mortality rate for the last three years (2016, 2017 and 2018). Data were collected through the period starting (December 2018 -March 2019). Results: The evaluation of MCH revealed that the level of the overall practice of antenatal care services in PHCs was fair 78.6%. Poor postpartum care was provided in 92.9% of health care centers. Poor health care services for children were provided in 67.9% of health care centers. Fair level, for immunization activities in 67.9% of health care centers and poor level concerning the practice of health education services in 85.7% of health care centers. Conclusion: There is a shortage in the health care services provided for maternal and child at the MCH unit in the health care centers with high maternal and infant mortality rate, involved in the study.
Prevalence of Celiac Disease among Cases of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Baghdad, Iraq
Authors: Marwan Majeed Ibrahim
Published: January 2024

Celiac disease is a common illness need not to be mistaken as IBS or GI motility disorders and careful evaluation of IBS patients especially those with diarrhea predominant type may need to be considered. This study disclose that about more than 12% of patients who had been already diagnosed as IBS is discovered to have positive serology of gluten sensitivity and the diagnosis of Celiac disease had been confirmed by histopathology study. Though and careful evaluation of presumed cases of IBS especially those with poor response to conventional therapy or those who with atypical presentations is essentialin order to reach to an alternative diagnoses
Professional and Psychological Help Seeking Behavior among College Students
Authors: Shreevidya P
Published: January 2024

Mental and behavioral problems are the leading causes of health problems in young people both in high and low resource countries, accounting for one third of all years lost productivity due to this disability. It implies that, healthy students can productively contribute to the development of a country.19 As India is the world’s most youthful nation college students seeking professional and psychological help for their mental health issues and becoming mentally healthy is essential for their successful college life. This study is conducted to understand the Professional Psychological Help Seeking Behavior of college students for their Mental health issues and to know the gender differences. Convenient sampling was used with 60 respondents from a reputed college of Mangaluru, Karnataka. Attitude towards professional psychological help seeking scale (Fischer, 1995) and Socio demographic profile were used for data collection. The study revealed poor attitude among college students for professional help seeking for mental health and recommends for an increased education and awareness to reduce the perceived stigma for help seeking. More defined policies and programmes have the potential to improve students’ access to a full range of mental health services which in turn contribute to overall development.
Risk Factors for Obesity in Patients with Hypertension
Authors: Aylinda Wahyuni Putri1, Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika
Published: January 2024

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a leading cause of death worldwide. In 2018, NCDs’ prevalence had reportedly increased since 2013. Hypertension was the biggest cause of NCDs diagnosed in health facilities, from 25.8% to 34.1%. Patients with hypertension and obesity are at increased risk of complications from diabetes mellitus and kidney disease. Objective: The present study aimed to determine risk factors for obesity in patients aged 25–69 years with hypertension. Materials and Method: This was an observational study with a cross-sectional design, using secondary data from the ‘Cohort Study of Risk Factors of Non-communicable Diseases’, conducted in Bogor City, Kebon Kelapa Village in 2017. The population in this study included adult patients with hypertension aged 25–69 years. Results: The prevalence of obesity in patients with hypertension was 47.4%.Risk factors that were significantly related to obesity in patients with hypertension included age groups 25–44 and 45–59, female gender and excessive energy intake (p = 0.009, 0.050, 0.025 and 0.039, respectively and odds ratio = 2.43, 1.73, 1.85 and 1.85, respectively). Conclusions: Risk factors associated with obesity in patients aged 25–69 years with hypertension included age, gender and energy intake.
Humanoid Robot Integration in Rehabilitation of Musculoskeletal Conditions
Authors: Fayz S. Al-Shahry1, Rayan F. Al-Shehri
Published: January 2024

Robots find numerous applications in medical/health domains and are extensively used in commercial as well as domestic applications to support daily life activities. Human robot (HR) has widened their wings to be used in rehabilitation applications. Interest in robots that provide health care is growing as one of the upcoming fields of next generation. In this study we investigated the Robot -patient performance in physical rehabilitation. A group of musculoskeletal patients diagnosed with pain in muscles or joints or both, aged 20 to 65 years was chosen for the study. The robot was programmed to instruct and guide the patients for physical rehabilitation activities for three trials of 30 minute sessions on different days. The sessions involved interaction with a humanoid robot. Robot was programmed for a set of active exercises with a classified sequences that are time and motion managed. Verbal communication between the robot and patients allowed for re-start, stop, resume and replay functions. The whole performance was filmed and reviewed from the perspectives of the impact on the patient as well as the performance of the robot. The whole process was validated by performing the same procedure on a trial basis with healthy individuals to ensure the setup is operated smoothly. The performance of each variable was evaluated in three successive sessions. Evaluated functions include clarity, therapy sequence, interaction, voice, timing, independency, operation, technical performance and degree of freedom. Results were computed as percentages by an external assessor. Results demonstrated dynamic learning in the 1st and 2nd sessions which showed a remarkable improvement in the 3rd, 4th and 5th sessions. The overall average of the performance for the last 3 sessions was 91+%. Referring to this outcome, it could be concluded that the robot may have the potential to influence the physical therapy imitation. However,to establish the extent of this influence affirmatively, a bigger sample will be needed with a wider variety of patients.
The Emerging Risk of Interaction Between Complementary Alternative Medicines and Cardiovascular Medicines
Authors: Huda S. Husni
Published: January 2024

Herbal medicinal use has increased dramatically in recent years. Use of herbal products forms the bulk of treatments, particularly by elderly people who also consume multiple prescription medications for comorbid conditions, which increases the risk of adverse herb-drug-disease interactions. Despite the paucity of scientific evidence supporting the safety or efficacy of herbal products, their widespread promotion in the popular media and the unsubstantiated health care claims about their efficacy drive consumer demand. In this review, we highlight commonly used herbs and their interactions with cardiovascular drugs
Study of the Epidemiological factors of Tubercular meningitis among children attending R.T.H.C Kanti and Pediatrics Department of S.K.M.C.H., Muzaffarpur
Authors: Vijay Kumar Yadawa  , KumariSushma Saroj  , Ravindra Prasad
Published: January 2024

Background:Childhood tuberculosis is a major public health problem in developing countries withtubercular meningitis being a serious complication with high mortality and morbidity. India has one of thehighest burdens of tuberculosis (TB) globally, accounting for around 20% of all new TB cases annually.Aims and Objectives:To investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of tubercular meningitisin children aged 0–14 years at R.T.H.C Kanti and Pediatrics Department of S.K.M.C.H, Muzaffarpur, Bihar.Methodology: This was a case control study in the Pediatric patients with Meningitis and diagnosed as theTB meningitis by CSF examination at R.T.H.C Kanti and Pediatrics Department of S.K.M.C.H, Muzaffarpur,Bihar during the one year period i.e., from June 2019 to June 2020. There were total 80 patients wereincluded into the study.Results: The majority of the Patients were in the age group of 0-2 i.e., 28.75%, 2-5 were 33.75 %, 5-8were 18.75 %, 8-12 were 11.25%, and 12-14 were 7.5 % respectively. Majority of the patients were Malei.e. 58.75% and 41.25% were Female. The most common associated risk factors were Low SES in 85.5%,Malnutrition in 60.5%, Un-immunized patients were 35.5%, H/o Corticosteroid use were in 25.5%, Diabetesin 20.5%, Rural /Slum dwelling in 15.5% and H/o Migration were 13% respectively.Conclusion: It can be concluded from our present analysis that the majority of the Patients were in theage group of 2-5 i.e., 33.75%. The most common associated factors were Low SES, Malnutrition, Unimmunizedpatients, H/o Corticosteroid use, Diabetes, Rural /Slum dwelling and H/o Migration.
Intimate Partner Violence and use of Family Planning Methods in India: Results from National Family Health Survey- 5
Authors: Harpreet Kaur  , Chander Shekhar  , Sangeeta  , Manju Rani
Published: January 2024

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) has several impacts on women’s mental, sexual, and reproductivehealth. It is likely that women experiencing IPV use more contraception to avert pregnancy under unfavourableconditions or vice-versa. Present study evaluated the association between IPV and use of family planning methodsamong married women in India.Methods: This study is based on the secondary data derived from the National Family Health survey-5 (NFHS- 5,2019-21). A total of 53,151 married women aged 15- 49 years selected for domestic violence survey were includedin the study. Data was analysed using statistical software SPSS version 28.0. Complex sample logistic regressionwas used to see the effect of intimate partner violence (IPV) on use of family planning methods.Results: Results indicated that 26.2% of the women suffered from one or other form of IPV in past one year.Female methods (52.9%) were found to be most commonly used methods of family planning. Women sufferedless severe physical violence by intimate partner were 1.2 times more likely to adopt family planning methods.Severe physical violence, sexual violence and emotional violence were not found to be associated with use offamily planning methods.Conclusion: Women who experienced less severe physical violence were more likely to adopt family planningmethods. Intervention efforts should focus on screening for IPV, improving access to assistance for women whohave experienced spousal violence, and providing greater accessibility to female-controlled contraception
Effect of Vaginal pH on Efficacy of Prostaglandin Gel for Labour Induction
Authors: B Sandhya
Published: January 2024

Background: Inducing Labour Is A Procedure Intended To Trigger Artificial Contractions Of The Uterus That GenerallyInvolve Progressive Erasure And Dilation Of The Cervix. This Will Hopefully Lead To The Birth Of A Baby Through TheVaginal Route.Objective: To Assess The Effect Of Vaginal Ph On Efficacy Of Prostaglandin Gel For Labour InductionMethods: A Total Of 200 Women With An Unfavourable Cervix Were Enrolled In This Retrospective Study. In Group I,There Were 100 Cases With Vaginal Ph Of ≤4.5 And In Group Ii, 100 Cases With Vaginal Ph Of > 4.5. Patients With MinimalChange In Bishop Score, Received Up To 3 Doses Of Prostaglandin Gel Intracervically, 6 Hours Apart. Women Who HadNo Change In Bishop Score At The End Of Induction With 3 Doses Of Prostaglandin Gel, Were Further Reassessed.Results: In Terms Of Maternal Age, Parity, Gestational Age, And Initial Bishop Score, There Was No Significant DifferenceBetween The Two Groups. Prior To Induction Of Labour, The Average Bishop Score Was 3.6±0.9 In Group I And 4±1.0 InGroup Ii. Out Of 200 Cases, 33% Cases Required Oxytocin Infusion In Group I And 13% In Group Ii.Conclusion: Parity Has A Major Impact On The Pre-Induction Of The Bishop Score And The Ph Itself Has A VaginalInfluence. Knowing The Pre-Induction Vaginal Ph May Also Be A Helpful Method For Determining The Outcome OfPge2 Induction.
The Potential Impact of Herbal Galactagogue in India: A Review from Medical Perspective
Authors: Shristi Kumari  , Agatha Silvia Khalkho  , Annie Jessica Toppo  , Anant Kumar Mehta  , Prachi Sinha  , Aditi Kumari  , Mukesh Nitin
Published: January 2024

Mallory-Weiss tear refers to a condition in which the lining of the esophagus tears due to excessive strain, resultingin bleeding. This condition is commonly caused by vomiting or retching and can lead to significant complicationsif not promptly treated. Early identification and management of Mallory-Weiss tear are critical for the preventionof further damage and the promotion of optimal patient outcomes. Clinicians should maintain a high index ofsuspicion for this condition in patients with a history of retching or vomiting and prioritize appropriate diagnosticand therapeutic interventions to minimize the risk of adverse outcomes