bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Late-manifestation of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in older adults: an observational study
Authors: Sasaki Hiroyuki , Jono Tadashi , Fukuhara Ryuji , Honda Kazuki , Ishikawa Tomohisa , Boku Shuken , Takebayashi Minoru
Published: May 2022

Background

The age of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder onset is usually during the first 12 years of life; however, there have been recent reports of late-onset attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. These reports have been limited to that of young adults, and details in older adults remain unknown. As such, we had previously presented the first case report of “very” late-onset attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, wherein the symptoms presented in senile age. In this observational study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence and clinical features of such attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders in older adults visiting our dementia clinic.

Methods

Four hundred forty-six consecutive patients visiting our specialty outpatient clinic for dementia during the 2-year period from April 1, 2015 to March 31, 2017 were included in this study. First, the patients were examined for the presence or absence of dementia in our specialty outpatient clinic for dementia. Those not diagnosed with dementia were examined for the presence or absence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in our specialty outpatient clinic for developmental disorders. Finally, these patients who were diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were investigated in detail to clarify their clinical characteristics.

Results

Of 446 patients (246 women and 200 men), 7 patients were finally diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Although these 7 patients were initially suspected to have Alzheimer’s disease (considering their age, 6 of these 7 patients were suspected to have early onset Alzheimer’s disease), it was found that these symptoms were due to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. These patients had four characteristics in common: (1) they were significantly younger than the complete study population; (2) they predominantly showed inattention-related symptoms; (3) they showed latent manifestation; and (4) they experienced a stressful life event before manifestation.

Conclusions

Our previous case report suggested that very late-onset attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder patients could be incorrectly diagnosed with dementia. In this observational study, 1.6% of patients who were initially suspected of having dementia were actually diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. This study also showed that the “late-onset” described in our previous report would be better described as “late-manifestation.” A clinician should consider late-manifestation of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the differential diagnosis when encountering dementia patients, especially early onset Alzheimer’s disease.
Participants’ experiences of AVATAR therapy for distressing voices: a thematic qualitative evaluation
Authors: Rus-Calafell Mar , Ehrbar Nils , Ward Thomas , Edwards Clementine , Huckvale Mark , Walke Jennifer , Garety Philippa , Craig Tom
Published: May 2022

Background

AVATAR therapy is an innovative therapy designed to support people with distressing voices. Voice hearers co-create a digital representation of their voice and engage in dialogue with it. Although it has been successfully tested in a powered randomised controlled trial (ISRCTN65314790), the participants’ experience of this therapy has not been yet evaluated. We aimed to explore enablers and barriers to engagement with the therapy and potential for real-world impact on distressing voices.

Methods

Thirty per cent of those who completed AVATAR therapy (15 people in total) and 5 who dropped out from therapy within the main AVATAR RCT were invited to participate in a semi-structured interview, which was audio-recorded and subsequently transcribed.

Results

Fourteen therapy completers (28% of the full sample) and one person who dropped out of therapy after 1 active session, were interviewed. Thematic analysis was used to explore the interviews. A total of 1276 references were coded, and five overarching themes identified: AVATAR therapy set-up; voice embodiment and associated emotions; working in a safe space (supported by the therapist); learning new ways of relating to the voices; impact of therapy on everyday life. Overall, the therapy set-up, with its digital components and its distinctive features as compared with common face-to-face talking therapies, was satisfactory. The inclusion of technology was well accepted as both a means to deliver the therapy and a tool to create a digital representation of the person’s distressing voice. The co-creation of the avatar and the enactment of the relationship between the person and the voice were perceived as a very helpful process to promote the therapeutical dialogue. Participants reported engaging well with the therapist and feeling supported and identified specific learnt strategies to deal with the voices and how they have had an impact on everyday life.

Conclusions

AVATAR therapy is acceptable and provides benefit for participants with psychosis. Our results highlighted the enablers and challenges of working dialogically with distressing voices using a digital representation and dealing with highly demanding emotional, cognitive, and relational processes linked to the experience. Our analysis also identified the core strategies learnt by participants and how these were generalised to their daily life resulting into a positive change in different domains, and in particular broader social relationships.
EORTC QLQ-C30 general population normative data for Italy by sex, age and health condition: an analysis of 1,036 individuals
Authors: Pilz Micha J. , Gamper Eva-Maria , Efficace Fabio , Arraras Juan I. , Nolte Sandra , Liegl Gregor , Rose Matthias , Giesinger Johannes M. ,   on behalf of the EORTC Quality of Life Group
Published: May 2022

Background

General population normative values for the widely used health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measure, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire – Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30), are available for a range of countries. These are mostly countries in northern Europe. However, there is still a lack of such normative values for southern Europe. Therefore, this study aims to provide sex-, age- and health condition-specific normative values for the general Italian population for the EORTC QLQ-C30.

Material and methods

This study is based on Italian EORTC QLQ-C30 general population data previously collected in an international EORTC project comprising over 15,000 respondents across 15 countries. Recruitment and assessment were carried out via online panels. Quota sampling was used for sex and age groups (18‍–‍39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69 and ≥ 70 years), separately for each country.

We applied weights to match the age and sex distribution in our sample with UN statistics for Italy. Along with descriptive statistics, linear regression models were estimated to describe the associations of sex, age and health condition with the EORTC QLQ-C30 scores.

Results

A total of 1,036 respondents from Italy were included in our analyses. The weighted mean age was 49.3 years, and 536 (51.7%) participants were female. Having at least one health condition was reported by 60.7% of the participants. Men reported better scores than women on all EORTC QLQ-C30 scales but diarrhoea. While the impact of age differed across scales, older age was overall associated with better HRQoL as shown by the summary score. For all scales, differences were in favour of participants who did not report any health condition, compared to those who reported at least one.

Conclusion

The Italian normative values for the EORTC QLQ-C30 scales support the interpretation of HRQoL profiles in Italian cancer populations. The strong impact of health conditions on EORTC QLQ-C30 scores highlights the importance of adjusting for the impact of comorbidities in cancer patients when interpreting HRQoL data.
Differences in the relationship between social capital and hypertension in emerging vs. established economies in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Renta Vincent , Walker Rebekah J. , Nagavally Sneha , Dawson Aprill Z. , Campbell Jennifer A. , Egede Leonard E.
Published: May 2022

Background

The global burden of hypertension is growing, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to investigate differences in the relationship between social capital and hypertension between regions in Sub-Saharan Africa (West vs. South Africa) and within regions (rural vs. urban residence within each country).

Methods

Data for 9,800 adults were analyzed from the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) 2007-2010 for Ghana (West African emerging economy) and South Africa (South African established economy). Outcomes were self-reported and measured hypertension. The primary independent variable was social capital, dichotomized into low vs. medium/high. Interaction terms were tested between social capital and rural/urban residence status for each outcome by country. Linear and logistic regression models were run separately for both countries and each outcome.

Results

Those with low social capital in the emerging economy of Ghana were more likely to have hypertension based on measurement (OR=1.35, 95% CI=1.18,1.55), but the relationship with self-reported hypertension lost significance after adjustment. There was no significant relationship in the relationship between social capital and hypertension in the established economy of South Africa after adjustment. No significant interactions existed by rural/urban residence status in either country.

Conclusion

Low social capital was associated with worse hypertension outcomes, however, the relationship differed between South Africa and Ghana. Further investigation is needed to understand differences between and within countries to guide development of programs targeted at leveraging and promoting social capital as a positive component of overall health.
A web-based prognostic nomogram for the cancer specific survival of elderly patients with T1-T3N0M0 renal pelvic transitional cell carcinoma based on the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database
Authors: Wang Jinkui , Tang Jie , Liu Xiaozhu , He Dawei
Published: May 2022

Background

At present, there are few studies on renal pelvic transitional cell carcinoma (RPTCC) in elderly patients in the literature. The study aims to establish a new nomogram of cancer-specific survival (CSS) in elderly patients with T1-T3N0M0 RPTCC and validate its reliability.

Methods

This study downloaded the data of 1375 elderly patients with T1-T3N0M0 RPTCC in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Final Results (SEER) database from 2004 to 2018. Patients were randomly divided into training cohort (n = 977) and validation cohort (n = 398). Proportional subdistribution hazard analyse was applied to determine independent prognostic factors. Based on these factors, we constructed a compting risk model nomogram. We use the calibration plots, the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC), concordance index (C-index), and decision curve analysis (DCA) to validate predictive performance and clinical applicability. Patients were divided into low-risk group and high-risk group based on nomogram risk score. Kaplan–Meier curve was applied to analyze the difference in survival curve between the two groups of patients.

Results

We found that the risk factors affecting CSS in elderly patients with T1-T3N0M0 RPTCC are surgery, AJCC stage, laterality, tumor size, histological grade, and tumour laterality. Based on these factors, we established a nomogram to predict the CSS of RPTCC patients at 1-, 3-, and 5-year. The calibration plots showed that the predicted value was highly consistent with the observed value. In the training cohort and validation cohort, the C-index of the nomogram were 0.671(95% CI 0.622–0.72) and 0.679(95% CI 0.608–0.750), respectively, the AUC showed similar results. The DCA suggests that namogram performs better than the AJCC stage system. The Kaplan–Meier curve showed that CSS of patients was significantly higher in the low-risk group.

Conclusions

In this study, the SEER database was used for the first time to create and validate a new nomogram prediction model for elderly patients with T1-T3N0M0 RPTCC. Compared with the traditional AJCC stage system, our new nomogram can more accurately predict the CSS of elderly patients with T1-T3N0M0 RPTCC, which is helpful for patient prognosis assessment and treatment strategies selection.
A cross-sectional study of herbal medicine use and contributing factors among pregnant women on antenatal care follow-up at Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia
Authors: Belayneh Yaschilal Muche , Yoseph Tewodros , Ahmed Solomon
Published: May 2022

Background

Herbal medicines are widely used in the world especially in developing countries. Pregnant women use herbal products to treat pregnancy related illnesses due to prior experience of herbal medicine use and easy accessibility of the products with less cost. However, herbal products could affect fetal growth and contribute to maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Herbal drug use during pregnancy is not well studied in Ethiopia specifically in northeast Ethiopia.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 254 pregnant women on antenatal care follow-up at Dessie referral hospital. Semi-structured questionnaires were used for data collection. After collection, data were coded, entered and analyzed by SPSS version 20. Chi squared test and Logistic regression were used to evaluate the association between dependent and independent variables.

Result

Among the total of 254 respondents, 130 (51.2%) used herbal drugs during current pregnancy. The most commonly mentioned reason for herbal drug use was “herbal medicines are accessible without prescription” (43.1%). The herbal medicines used were Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) (43.8%), followed by Garlic (Allium sativum L.) (23.8%), Damakese (Ocimum lamiifolium Hochst. ex Benth.) (21.5%) and Tena-adam (Ruta chalepensis L.) (10.8%). The indications for herbal drug use were nausea/vomiting (43.8%), headache (30.8%) and common cold (25.4%). The most commonly mentioned sources of information on herbal medicine were families and friends (80.0%) followed by neighbors (12.3%), and the most commonly cited sources of herbal products were market (67.7%) and self-preparation (20.0%). Being illiterate or having only primary school education (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 3.717, 95% CI: 0.992-13.928), having secondary school education background (AOR: 3.645, 95% CI: 1.394-9.534), and poor monthly income (AOR: 7.234, 95% CI: 2.192-23.877) were the variables that showed significant association with herbal drug use during current pregnancy.

Conclusion

This study showed that half of the sampled pregnant women used herbal medicine during current pregnancy, and education status and monthly income level of the women were associated with herbal drug use.
What methods are used to study the association between medication adherence trajectories, estimated with the group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) method, and health-related outcomes?—a protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Memoli Victoria , Ekanmian Giraud , Lunghi Carlotta , Bouhnik Anne-Déborah , Lauzier Sophie , Guénette Line
Published: May 2022

Background

The group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) method is increasingly used in pharmacoepidemiologic studies to describe medication adherence trajectories over time. However, assessing the associations between these medication adherence trajectories and health-related outcomes remains challenging. The purpose of this review is to identify and systematically review the methods used to assess the association between medication adherence trajectories, estimated from the GBTM method, and health-related outcomes.

Methods

We will conduct a systematic review according to the recommendations of the Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions 6.2. Results will be reported following PRISMA 2020 (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) recommendations. We will search in the following databases: PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library. Two reviewers will independently select articles and extract data. Discrepancies at every step will be resolved through discussion, and consensus will be reached for all disagreed articles. A third reviewer will act as a referee if needed. We will produce tables to synthesize the modalities used to estimate medication adherence trajectories with GBTM. We will also synthesize the modalities used to assess the association between these medication adherence trajectories and health-related outcomes by identifying the types of health-related outcomes studied and how they are defined, the statistical models used, and how the medication adherence trajectories were used in these models, and the effect measure yield. We will also review the limitations and biases reported by the authors and their attempts to mitigate them. We will provide a narrative synthesis.

Discussion

This review will provide a thorough exploration of the strategies and methods used in medication adherence research to estimate the associations between medication adherence trajectories, estimated with GBTM, and the different health-related outcomes. It will represent the first crucial steps toward optimizing these methods in adherence studies.

Systematic review registration

Prospero CRD42021213503.
Privacy as a motivating factor for spatial layout transformation in Jordanian public housing
Authors: Obeidat Bushra , Abed Amal , Gharaibeh Islam
Published: May 2022

Various studies have addressed the issue of privacy and referred to its critical role in shaping the spatial organization and functional configurations of buildings. Residents of public housing projects tend to modify their homes to achieve different functional and occupancy objectives. While the variables that motivate tenants to alter their spatial layouts have been extensively studied, only a few studies have researched the role of privacy as a motivating factor in modifying public housing units upon extended periods of occupancy. Therefore, this study examines the role of privacy as a motivating factor in the spatial layout modification of public housing units in Jordan. It sampled a Jordanian public housing project in which the spatial layout of several housing units has been modified by residents over time. The spatial configuration of the original and the modified version of the housing unit was assessed in terms of visibility, accessibility, hierarchical structure, and the spatial organization of interior spaces. Additionally, face-to-face interviews were conducted with the residents to gain a better understanding of privacy considerations in modified units. The study of Jordanian public housing units revealed that residents carried out various modifications over time that encompassed enclosing balconies with interior living spaces, adding private entrances, or expanding the space of balconies and terraces. The Visibility Graph Analysis (VGA) and J-Graph analyses showed that home modifications precipitated hierarchical spatial relationships that echo established sociocultural traditions in Jordanian society. The data analysis emphasized the key role that privacy plays as a motivational factor for spatial layout transformation. Hence, this research underlines the imperative of integrating sociocultural needs with functional aspects in the process of designing public housing projects. Designers should embed higher levels of flexibility in their masterplans and home layouts. With residents' satisfaction and spatial flexibility in mind, designers should identify and engage concerned stakeholders during the initial stages of planning and design of public housing.
Catalytic properties and biological function of a PIWI-RE nuclease from Pseudomonas stutzeri
Authors: Huang Fei , Xu Xiaoyi , Dong Huarong , Li Nuolan , Zhong Bozitao , Lu Hui , Liu Qian , Feng Yan
Published: May 2022

Background

Prokaryotic Argonaute (pAgo) proteins are well-known oligonucleotide-directed endonucleases, which contain a conserved PIWI domain required for endonuclease activity. Distantly related to pAgos, PIWI-RE family, which is defined as PIWI with conserved R and E residues, has been suggested to exhibit divergent activities. The distinctive biochemical properties and physiological functions of PIWI-RE family members need to be elucidated to explore their applications in gene editing.

Results

Here, we describe the catalytic performance and cellular functions of a PIWI-RE family protein from Pseudomonas stutzeri (PsPIWI-RE). Structural modelling suggests that the protein possesses a PIWI structure similar to that of pAgo, but with different PAZ-like and N-terminal domains. Unlike previously reported pAgos, recombinant PsPIWI-RE acts as an RNA-guided DNA nuclease, as well as a DNA-guided RNA nuclease. It cleaves single-stranded DNA at temperatures ranging from 20 to 65 °C, with an optimum temperature of 45 °C. Mutation at D525 or D610 significantly reduced its endonuclease activity, confirming that both residues are key for catalysis. Comparing with wild-type, mutant with PIWI-RE knockout is more sensitive to ciprofloxacin as DNA replication inhibitor, suggesting PIWI-RE may potentially be involved in DNA replication.

Conclusion

Our study provides the first insights into the programmable nuclease activity and biological function of the unknown PIWI-RE family of proteins, emphasizing their important role in vivo and potential application in genomic DNA modification.

Graphical Abstract
Bank loan information and information asymmetry in the stock market: evidence from China
Authors: Ye Yanyi , Wang Yun , Yang Xiaoguang
Published: May 2022

In this study, we use bank loan information to construct proxies for corporate transparency and examine whether these measures reflect information asymmetry in the stock market. Our analysis is based on a novel dataset of stock transactions and bank loans of all publicly listed firms on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, covering January 2008 to June 2013. We find that firms with outstanding loans have a lower level of information asymmetry in the stock market, whereas firms with defaulted loans have a higher level of asymmetry. Further evidence demonstrates that the effect of loan default on information asymmetry in the stock market is more pronounced when these loans are borrowed from joint-equity commercial banks or multiple banks and when the default occurs under inactive market conditions. Our results remain robust to a series of endogeneity and sensitivity tests and provide suggestive evidence of a close connection between the credit loan and stock markets.
Quantification of epicardial adipose tissue in obese patients using an open-bore MR scanner
Authors: Secchi Francesco , Asteria Carmela , Monti Caterina B. , Malavazos Alexis Elias , Capra Davide , Alì Marco , Giassi Cecilia L. A. , Francesconi Simona , Basilico Sara , Giovanelli Alessandro , Morricone Lelio , Sardanelli Francesco
Published: May 2022

Background

Our aim was to evaluate the reproducibility of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume, measured on scans performed using an open-bore magnetic resonance scanner.

Methods

Consecutive patients referred for bariatric surgery, aged between 18 and 65 years who agreed to undergo cardiac imaging (MRI), were prospectively enrolled. All those with cardiac pathology or contraindications to MRI were excluded. MRI was performed on a 1.0-T open-bore scanner, and EAT was segmented on all scans at both systolic and diastolic phase by two independent readers (R1 with four years of experience and R2 with one year). Data were reported as median and interquartile range; agreement and differences were appraised with Bland-Altman analyses and Wilcoxon tests, respectively.

Results

Fourteen patients, 11 females (79%) aged 44 (41–50) years, underwent cardiac MRI. For the first and second readings, respectively, EAT volume was 86 (78–95) cm3 and 85 (79–91) cm3 at systole and 82 (74–95) cm3 and 81 (75–94) cm3 at diastole for R1, and 89 (79–99) cm3 and 93 (84–98) cm3 at systole and 92 (85–103) cm3 and 93 (82–94) cm3 at diastole for R2. R1 had the best reproducibility at diastole (bias 0.3 cm3, standard deviation of the differences (SD) 3.3 cm3). R2 had the worst reproducibility at diastole (bias 3.9 cm3, SD 12.1 cm3). The only significant difference between systole and diastole was at the first reading by R1 (p = 0.016). The greatest bias was that of inter-reader reproducibility at diastole (-9.4 cm3).

Conclusions

Reproducibility was within clinically acceptable limits in most instances.
Intraoperative use of extracorporeal CO2 removal (ECCO2R) and emergency ECMO requirement in patients undergoing lung transplant: a case-matched cohort retrospective study
Authors: Ruberto Franco , Alessandri Francesco , Piazzolla Mario , Zullino Veronica , Bruno Katia , Celli Paola , Diso Daniele , Venuta Federico , Bilotta Federico , Pugliese Francesco
Published: May 2022

Background

The use of extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) is less invasive than extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and intraoperative control of gas exchange could be feasible. The aim of this study in intermediate intraoperative severity patients undergoing LT was to assess the role of intraoperative ECCO2R on emergency ECMO requirement in patients.

Methods

Thirty-eight consecutive patients undergoing lung transplantation (LT) with “intermediate” intraoperative severity in the intervals 2007 to 2010 or 2011 to 2014 were analyzed as historical comparison of case-matched cohort retrospective study. The “intermediate” intraoperative severity was defined as the development of intraoperative severe respiratory acidosis with maintained oxygenation function (i.e., pH <7.25, PaCO2 >60 mmHg, and PaO2/FiO2 >150), not associated with hemodynamic instability. Of these 38 patients, twenty-three patients were treated in the 2007–2010 interval by receiving “standard intraoperative treatment,” while 15 patients were treated in the 2011–2014 interval by receiving “standard intraoperative treatment + ECCO2R.”

Results

ECMO requirement was more frequent among patients that received “standard intraoperative treatment” alone than in those treated with “standard intraoperative treatment + ECCO2R” (17/23 vs. 3/15; p = 0.004). The use of ECCO2R improved pH and PaCO2 while mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) decreased.

Conclusion

In intermediate intraoperative severity patients, the use of ECCO2R reduces the ECMO requirement.
Immigration and Labor Market (Mis)Perceptions
Authors: Ajzenman Nicolás , Dominguez Patricio , Undurraga Raimundo
Published: May 2022

Exposure to immigrants often triggers sentiments of hostility and backlash among native-born populations. Among the main concerns identified by surveys, labor market conditions typically rank at the top. We combine a two-way fixed effects model with a Bartik-type 2SLS model to causally estimate the effects of immigration on labor outcomes in Chile, where the foreign-born population almost tripled in five years. While immigration did not systematically affect employment levels, it did cause an increase in unemployment-related concerns. Our results provide a plausible hypothesis to explain the backlash against immigrants: misperception regarding the effect of immigrants on labor market conditions.
Self-Reporting Race in Small Business Loans: A Game-Theoretic Analysis of Evidence from PPP Loans in Durham, NC
Authors: GarcÍa Raffi E. , Darity William A.
Published: May 2022

Using hand-collected race information about small business owners that concealed their race in Paycheck Protection Program applications, we find evidence that not disclosing race information in loan applications pays off significantly. Our results show that Black-owned businesses that concealed their race obtained 52 percent more in funding than self-reported Black-owned businesses. Interestingly, White-owned businesses that also concealed their race information obtained approximately 10 percent more in funding relative to self-reported White-owned businesses. However, the effect is not statistically significant. Our findings are consistent with a prisoner's dilemma theoretical framework in which all participants are better off by not self-reporting race.
Soft Skills in the Youth Labor Market
Authors: Heller Sara B. , Kessler Judd B.
Published: May 2022

This paper provides new descriptive evidence about which soft skills employers value in young, entry-level workers. We ran employer surveys as part of an experiment to generate letters of recommendation for New York City's Summer Youth Employment Program participants. Supervisors rated over 9,200 of their summer employees on overall quality and 10 separate soft skills. Better ratings correspond to better outside employment and earnings. We find that communication skills and dependability most impress employers. Young women's advantage in soft skills explains their entire advantage in overall ratings, as well as 14 percent of their advantage in outside earnings.
Should We Have Automatic Triggers for Unemployment Benefit Duration and How Costly Would They Be?
Authors: Chodorow-Reich Gabriel , Ganong Peter , Gruber Jonathan
Published: May 2022

We model automatic trigger policies for unemployment insurance by simulating a weekly panel of individual labor market histories, grouped by state. We reach three conclusions: (i) policies designed to trigger immediately at the onset of a recession result in benefit extensions that occur in less sick labor markets than the historical average for benefit extensions, (ii) the ad hoc extensions in the 2001 and 2007-2009 recessions compare favorably ex post to common proposals for automatic triggers, and (iii) compared to ex post policy, the cost of common proposals for automatic triggers is close to zero.
Monetary Policy, Labor Market, and Sectoral Heterogeneity
Authors: Singh Aarti , Suda Jacek , Zervou Anastasia
Published: May 2022

We study the effects of monetary policy on the labor market across different sectors. We find that the employment response is stronger for firms in manufacturing and construction relative to firms in services. The result also holds within small and large firms. Moreover, within sectors, the employment growth in large firms responds more than it does in small firms after monetary contractions; it does so less after monetary expansions. Finally, we find that the differences in employment growth between small and large firms are greater for firms in the manufacturing and construction sectors compared to those in the service sector.
Quantifying the influence of Open Access on innovation and patents
Authors: Jahn Najko , Klebel Thomas , Pride David , Knoth Petr , Ross-Hellauer Tony
Published: May 2022

Background: Open Access aims at improving the discovery, access and re-use of research not only within the scientific community, but also within broader society, for instance to promote innovation in industry. Yet, the extent to which openly available scientific work impacts technological inventions remains largely unknown.

Methods: We combine publicly available data sources about patents and scholarly publications to explore the extent to which Open Access scientific literature is cited in patents.

Results: Investigating over 22 million patent families indexed in Google Patents between 2010 and 2020, we found that around one third referenced non-patent literature. However, the number of references per patent family can vary considerably across technological sectors and inventor countries. Based on a sample of 215,962 scientific non-patent references published between 2008 and 2020, we determined the Open Access status using Unpaywall, Europe PubMed Central and arXiv.  The proportion of Open Access citations grew over the years, with nearly half of cited articles being openly available.

Discussion: In line with research on both technology-science linkage and Open Access, we found considerable country- and subject- specific variations.  In particular, patents representing inventions from the US and the UK cited Open Access work disproportionately more often, although it is challenging to link these observations to specific science policies and incentives. We recommend that follow-up research and monitoring exercise take advantage of a growing evidence base associated with patent citations and Open Access evidence.
Prolonged oral sildenafil use-induced Mondor disease: a case report
Authors: Chung Han Sol , Mun You Ho
Published: May 2022

Penile Mondor disease (MD) is a palpable, painful, subcutaneous induration caused by superficial dorsal penile vein thrombosis. We report a case of penile MD that was suspected to be related to prolonged oral sildenafil use. A 46-year-old man visited our emergency department with sustained penile pain and swelling that began 7 hours after sexual intercourse. He had used oral sildenafil intermittently for 11 years and engaged in sexual intercourse the previous night after taking sildenafil. Examination revealed no evidence of intercourse-related trauma to the genital area or an increase in penile skin temperature. However, penile swelling and tenderness over the protruding dorsal penile vein were noted. A color Doppler ultrasound examination was performed immediately, which showed hyperechoic thrombosis in the right superficial dorsal penile vein that was dilated, with soft tissue swelling and no detectable flow signal in the thrombotic lesion. The patient was diagnosed as having penile MD. The patient was treated conservatively. Some reports have indicated the involvement of sildenafil in thrombogenesis. Physicians should be aware that prolonged oral sildenafil use may be associated with penile MD.
Political conflictology
Authors: Kozyrev Gennadiy
Published: May 2022

The textbook contains the necessary theoretical, methodological and practical materials for conducting classes with students and their independent study of political conflictology. Each topic has a clear problem orientation, methodological and applied support.
Corresponds to the Federal state educational standard of higher education of the last generation in the discipline "Political conflictology".
It is addressed to students and teachers of universities, as well as to anyone interested in the problems of political conflicts.
Municipal law
Authors: Chashin Aleksandr
Published: May 2022

The textbook examines the subject, system, sources of municipal law, legal, territorial, organizational and economic foundations of local self-government, describes the structure and organization of the work of local self-government bodies, and also addresses issues of inter-municipal cooperation.
The textbook includes methodological materials for conducting control tests in order to identify the level of assimilation of the training course. It contains options for intermediate tests, training tasks with examples of solutions, as well as a list of questions submitted for the test or exam.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For teachers, undergraduate students, cadets and students of higher educational institutions of a legal profile, persons receiving specialized secondary legal education of an advanced level, as well as additional education.
Simulation of accidents on route transport
Authors: Bashkatov Aleksandr
Published: May 2022

The monograph is devoted to the study of accidents in the operation of fixed-route vehicles and the development of organizational measures that increase the safety of its functioning within the city. Based on the collected and systematized statistical data, an integrated approach to solving transport security problems has been applied. Within the framework of the study, mathematical models and methods for assessing factors affecting the accident rate of route vehicles are proposed, a statistical assessment of their significance is carried out and technological techniques for improving safety on highways are proposed.
It is intended for specialists of management services, dispatchers of transport companies, and may also be of interest to engineering, technical and scientific workers involved in the safety and organization of route transport in cities.
Factors of transformation of the system of taxation of individuals
Authors: Tihonova Anna
Published: May 2022

The monograph presents the sources of modern transformations of the taxation system of individuals. The social consequences of the robotization of labor are evaluated, and the best theoretical and methodological approaches to the construction of a system of taxation of individuals are formulated.
It is addressed to economists, lawyers, managers, managers and specialists of federal services, administrations of regions and municipalities, as well as teachers, graduate students, undergraduates of economic and agricultural universities and faculties, students of the advanced training system.
Legal basis of divorce in the Republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: Egamberdiev Eduard
Published: May 2022

The monograph examines the concepts of family, marriage, divorce, termination of marriage, annulment of marriage, the procedure for divorce in the Republic of Uzbekistan (judicial procedure and dissolution of marriage in the registry office), analyzes the reasons for divorce. A sociological study is being conducted — a survey of judges of the Republic of Uzbekistan in civil cases. In addition, the history of the development and formation of divorce legislation in Uzbekistan since the spread of the religions of Zoroastrianism, Islam, during the period of being part of the former USSR, during the years of independence; the legal nature of the institution of divorce and its place in the system of termination of marriage; the procedure and grounds for divorce in the registry office with the mutual consent of the spouses or upon application one of the spouses; the procedure and grounds for the dissolution of marriage in court; problems arising during the dissolution of marriage related to the material interest of the parties and the determination of the future fate of the children.
It is intended for students, researchers, teachers of law schools, as well as for a wide range of readers.
Dermatomyositis resistant to therapy: Demonstration of a clinical case.
Authors: Fleyshman A.
Published: May 2022

Dermatomyositis is an autoimmune disease characterized by damage to proximal symmetrical muscle groups, skin in the form of erythema, as well as other systems. With timely diagnosis, dermatomyositis responds well to therapy with high doses of glucocorticosteroids. However, serious complications may develop during the course of the disease, for example, aspiration pneumonia, which significantly affect the patient's management tactics and the course of the disease. This article presents a clinical case of aspiration pneumonia on the background of dermatomyositis, which significantly limited the arsenal of therapy used.
Therapeutic physical culture as a method of prevention of cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Asadova E.
Published: May 2022

The influence of physical culture on the health of the cardiovascular system (CCC) and the possibility of using physical therapy (exercise therapy) for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are considered. For the prevention of CCC diseases, physical education is recommended for everyone, but especially for people with risk factors. Various forms of classes can be used. Exercise therapy for CVD has a powerful positive effect on the patient's body, improves physical and mental condition, reduces the risk of many diseases and helps to recover from them, regulates the body, increases activity and efficiency.
BREAST CANCER: general questions, clinic, diagnosis
Authors: Guseynov Arif , Guseynov T. , Bobkov M. , Blincov V. , Odincov V.
Published: May 2022

The lecture provides up-to-date information for doctors of various specialties: oncologists, surgeons, mammologists, general practitioners on breast cancer problems. The issues of etiology and pathogenesis, classification, clinic of breast tumors are highlighted, methods of modern diagnosis and differential diagnosis of breast cancer are described in detail.
Forearm replantation: pearls and pitfalls
Authors: Kim Dong Hee , Kwak Sang Ho , Lee Sang Hyun
Published: May 2022

Forearm replantation is a challenging procedure for both patients and medical professionals. High survival rates are now being achieved owing to developments in microsurgical techniques. However, patient expectations for a “functional hand” are ever-increasing. To obtain satisfacto-ry functional results following major limb replantation, it is important to reduce the ischemic time. During forearm replantation, the time from the beginning of surgery to the anastomosis of the artery should be minimized. This step includes anesthesia, wound debridement, and bone fixation, which are key factors in choosing the most efficient method and reducing the time needed. Herein, we review the prognostic factors and report the general operative procedures for forearm replantation using our proposed surgical technique.
Evaluation of Bioagents as Seed Treatment on Dominant Seed Mycoflora of Chilli Var. Gvc 111 In Vitro
Authors: Sruthy M Sruthy M , Kansara Shivangi S
Published: May 2022

Study to check the efficacy of seed treatment by bioagents on the seed germination and vigour by inhibiting the most dominant seed mycoflora (A. niger, Colletotrichum sp. and Fusarium sp.) of chilli variety GVC 111 was carried out by paper towel method in vitro. Treatment of seeds with T. harzianum+P. fluorescens (5+6g/kg seeds) and P. fluorescens (6g/kg seeds) found effective in seeds pretreated with A. niger, while T. harzianum+P. fluorescens (5+6g/kg seeds) and P. fluorescens+B. subtilis (6+6g/kg seeds) found effective in seeds pretreated with Colletotrichum sp. and P. fluorescens+B. subtilis (6+6g/kg seeds) and T. viride+P. fluorescens (5+6g/kg seeds) found effective in seeds pretreated with Fusarium sp. However, overall results indicated that seed treatment with P. fluorescens+B. subtilis @ 6g + 6g/kg seeds and T. harzianum+P. fluorescens @ 5g + 6g/kg seeds proved very effective with higher seed germination, seedling length and vigour index in all pretreated seed mycoflora i.e, A. niger. Colletotrichum sp. and Fusarium sp.
BUSCA DE SINTOMÁTICOS RESPIRATÓRIOS ENTRE FEIRANTES DE UM MUNICÍPIO DO INTERIOR DA BAHIA
Authors: Santos de Souza Marília
Published: May 2022

A tuberculose (TB) é um importante problema de Saúde Pública configurada por sua magnitude, transcendência e vulnerabilidade (MACÊDO et al, 2017). É uma doença respiratória, transmitida através de gotículas dispersas no ar pelo indivíduo doente, por meio da tosse, do espirro e da fala. Os sinais e sintomas mais clássicos da TB são tosse persistente com ou sem a produção de escarro, febre vespertina e suor excessivo à noite (BRASIL, 2011b).
Analogous plasmon-induced absorption based on an end-coupled MDM structure with area-cost-free cavities
Authors: Liu Chen , Lai Xinquan , Li Zhengfeng , Jin Dinghai
Published: May 2022

We theoretically investigate an end-coupled metal–dielectric–metal (MDM) structure that achieves analogous plasmon-induced absorption (APIA) in an area-cost-free manner. First, a squared ring is set to end-couple with MDM input and output waveguides, generating three Lorentzian-like peaks in the spectrum. Then, two APIA windows as well as two Fano resonances can be induced via appropriately arranging two area-free cavities. Numerous numerical results demonstrate that the proposed structure has remarkable sensing and phase characteristics. Our proposed PIA-based MDM structure is promising in potential applications of bio-chemical sensing, slow light devices, optical switching, and chip-scale plasmonic devices.
Tunable optical topological transition of Cherenkov radiation
Authors: Zhang Tianyu , Zhang Xiaoqiuyan , Zhang Zhuocheng , Xu Xingxing , Wang Yueying , Duan Zhaoyun , Wei Yanyu , Gong Yubin , Liu Shenggang , Hu Min , Zhao Tao
Published: May 2022

Approaches to generate and manipulate Cherenkov radiation (CR) are challenging yet meaningful. Optical topological transition (OTT) in novel materials and metamaterials is also promising for modern photonics. We study the OTT of CR in graphene-based hyperbolic metamaterials (GHMs) for the first time. In GHMs, conventional and hyperbolic CR can be switched when crossing the topological transition frequency. This frequency can be altered by metamaterial components and external optical elements. For instance, external ultrafast optical pumps cause an ultrafast OTT from the elliptical to the hyperbolic state. Then, hyperbolic CR can be excited by low-energy electrons by leveraging the excellent photothermal properties of graphene. Hyperbolic CR vanishes when the GHM returns to its original state. Furthermore, graphene nonlocality occurs when the electron velocity is low enough, corresponding to a large wave vector. Concretely, when the electron velocity approaches the Fermi velocity of graphene, a nonlocality-induced OTT modifies the plasmonic properties of the GHM and brings a new lower velocity threshold of hyperbolic CR. Therefore, hyperbolic CR can only be induced in a limited velocity range. These findings pave the way for understanding CR properties in active plasmonic metamaterials and may be applied to complex photonic and polaritonic systems.
Protocol for a Delphi consensus study to select indicators of high-quality general practice to achieve Quality Equity and Systems Transformation in Primary Health Care (QUEST-PHC) in Australia
Authors: Lau Phyllis , Ryan Samantha , Abbott Penelope , Tannous Kathy , Trankle Steven , Peters Kath , Page Andrew , Cochrane Natalie , Usherwood Tim , Reath Jennifer
Published: May 2022

Background

High-quality general practice has been demonstrated to provide cost-effective, equitable health care and improve health outcomes. Yet there is currently not a set of agreed comprehensive indicators in Australia. We have developed 79 evidence-based indicators and their corresponding 129 measures of high-quality general practice. This study aims to achieve consensus on relevant and feasible indicators and measures for the Australian context.

Methods

This Delphi consensus study, approved by WSU Human Research Ethics Committee, consists of three rounds of online survey with general practice experts including general practitioners, practice nurses and primary health network staff. The identified indicators and measures are grouped under an attribute framework aligned with the Quadruple Aim, and further grouped under structures, processes and outcomes according to the Donabedian framework. Participants will rate each indicator and measure for relevance and feasibility, and provide comments and recommendations of additional indicators or measures. In the last round, participants will also be asked their views on the implementation of a quality indicator tool. Each indicator and measure will require ≥70% agreement in both relevance and feasibility to achieve consensus. Aggregated ratings will be statistically analysed for response rates, level of agreement, medians, interquartile ranges and group rankings. Qualitative responses will be analysed thematically using a mixed inductive and deductive approach.

Discussion

This protocol will add to the current knowledge of the translation of performance guidelines into quality practice across complex clinical settings and in a variety of different contexts in Australian general practice. The Delphi technique is appropriate to develop consensus between the diverse experts because of its ability to offer anonymity to other participants and minimise bias. Findings will contribute to the design of an assessment tool of high-quality general practice that would enable future primary health care reforms in Australia.