bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Interesting Case of Heart Failure in a Patient with Bicuspid Aortic Valve - Unveiling the Diagnosis of Amyloidosis
Authors:   Department of Cardiology, Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad, N Praveen , Naidu O Adikesava ,   Department of Cardiology, Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad, Anjani Kiranmayi K ,   Department of Cardiology, Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad, Ravi Srinivas ,   Department of Cardiology, Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad, KMK Reddy P ,   Department of Cardiology, Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad
Published: February 2021

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCMP) is infrequent in occurrence compared to the other cardiomyopathies. The stiff ventricular walls impair the diastolic function, increase the filling pressures, and thereby result in heart failure. Amyloidosis, a systemic disorder is the most common cause of RCMP. The amyloid diagnosis is often missed as the features are masqueraded by the presence of other conditions. The Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital anomaly of the cardiovascular system occurring in approximately 0.5-2% of the general population. We present a case of bicuspid aortic valvular heart disease masking the amyloidosis with heart failure in a middle-aged male.
Anti-Hypertensive Medication in Geriatric Population with HFpEF
Authors:   Department of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia, Jaspal Singh , Retno Wibawanti ,   Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Center General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
Published: February 2021

INTRODUCTION Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a condition where the left ventricular function is ≥50%. This population has a high morbidity and mortality compared to its counter-part heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However treatment in this group remain spares. Hypertension medications are widely used in practice for patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, however its efficacy in HFpEF is still an ongoing research. METHOD Evidence based research from various different search engines such as Medline® , Cochrane ® , and Proquest® with inclusion of high quality evidence such as meta-analysis, systematic review, RCT, and cohort studies. The selected papers were screened for validity, importance and applicability to the case in question. RESULT The two different RCTs studies showed that ACE-I had no effects in HFpEF. Research by Kitzman et al. showed that ACE-I did not show any improvement of left ventricular mass, neuro-hormonal profile, and 6 minutes walking test. This was also confirmed by Zi et al., which in addition showed that ACE-I did not increase the quality of life in the geriatric subjects. CONCLUSION All in all, ACE-I as a type of anti-hypertensive medication does not benefit geriatric population of HFpEF
Analytical Coding: Performing Qualitative Data Analysis Based on Programming Principles
Authors: Kanygin Gennady , Koretckaia Viktoria
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we argue that qualitative data analysis software lacks a tool that can be used to fulfill an algorithmic evaluation of conceptualization carried out in qualitative studies. We propose the context-oriented models of coding that conjugate single codes, that is, brief denotations made in natural language, by unusual local relationships called context-fixed elucidation (CFE). CFE is a local relationship between miscellaneous aspects of a case under study. The set of separate CFEs, originated by the analyst during conceptualization and called thesaurus, represents the case as a whole. On the basis of CFE structure and using the thesaurus’ single codes as data, there is proposed an algorithm which calculates, without the involvement of the expert, whether there is or not global coherence of single codes used by analyst within the thesaurus. The tool thus obtained emulates for the codes originated in qualitative study the relationships known in the object-oriented programming, such as polymorphism, visibility, encapsulation, inheritance. A probe application of the new tool is demonstrated by the conceptualization of textual evidence. The application was performed with the help of a pilot computer package which architecture is based on the context-oriented models. Thanks to the models, QDAS can obtain special tools that would make researchers' analytical work more intelligible and coherent. The models proposed can find applications outside of research discourse including computer technologies used in various social spheres where people communicate in natural language.
Indonesian Polyglots: Lived Experiences of Adults Learning Languages Online and Beyond the Classroom
Authors: Noprival Noprival , Rafli Zainal , Nuruddin Nuruddin , De Felice Dustin
Published: February 2021

Learning languages independently can be more accessible in today’s online environment. Polyglots, who are speakers of more than three languages, take advantage of this online learning environment to learn even more languages in Indonesia. Using transcendental phenomenology, the researchers interviewed these adult learners on their lived experience with online platforms for learning languages not traditionally spoken or used in daily life in Indonesia. Researchers found that the polyglots reported learning many foreign languages through interactive resources, receptive resources, social media, and authentic resources. Importantly, they held positive attitudes towards online learning platforms and their experiences left them with feelings of helpfulness, enjoyability, even bravery. In many cases, these polyglots often used freely available online resources to learn their foreign languages successfully. Implications include the idea that their language learner experience coupled with online opportunities can lead to successful language learning experiences.
Paraty a Estrada Real: A Química do Envelhecimento da Cachaça
Authors: Monteriro Filho Elias de Souza , Luz Angélica Ramos da , Natale Junior Raul , Ruiz Miguel , Faria João Bosco , München Sinara , Adaime Martha B. , Perazolli Leinig Antonio
Published: February 2021

Desde o desenvolvimento do Ciclo do Ouro, Paraty mostrou destaque na produção de cachaça, que era consumida tanto pelo mercado nacional quanto utilizada no escambo por escravos na África e por ouro nas minas, sendo transportada pela Estrada Real. O transporte era realizado em tonéis de carvalho para fora do país e em tonéis de madeiras nacionais para o mercado local. Com o tempo foi observado que cada tipo de madeira incorporava à cachaça odores e sabores diferenciados. Considerando que a cachaça é produzida da fermentação do caldo, diferente do Rum, que é produzido da fermentação do melaço, e que o envelhecimento em diferentes tipos de madeiras adicionavam características sensoriais e químicas específicas, permitiu estabelecer a Cachaça como um produto genuínamente Brasileiro.
Apontamentos de investigações sobre Educação e Desenvolvimento Regional na Amazônia Tocantina: Fundamento para existência de várias amazônias
Authors: Nunes Francivaldo Alves
Published: February 2021

Este artigo se constitui em um balanço dos estudos propostos por alunos que frequentaram o curso de especialização em “Educação e Desenvolvimento Regional” (2011), desenvolvido na Universidade Federal do Pará, discutindo as metodologias e referenciais teóricos que embasam as pesquisas examinadas. No caso dos debates teóricos e metodológico optamos por analisar à percepção de Amazônia enquanto espaço historicamente diversificado, tanto do ponto de vista econômico, social e político, quanto do ponto de vista natural. Para isso, apresentamos uma discussão que perpassou as temáticas de investigação e que fundamentou as pesquisas, materializadas nos trabalhos monográfico aqui analisados.
Robótica Educacional e Resolução de Problemas: uma abordagem microgenética da construção do conhecimento
Authors: Cabral Cristiane Pelisolli
Published: February 2021

O presente estudo de caso objetivou investigar as estratégias cognitivas de resolução de problemas em Robótica Educacional (RE) com auxílio do kit semiestruturado LEGO Mindstorms® 9793 e programação RoboLab®. Com base na teoria da Microgênese Cognitiva de Bärbel Inhleder foram investigadas as estratégias cognitivas do sujeito psicológico para resolver problemas de Robótica Educacional. O estudo baseou-se na análise do caso de um aluno de Robótica Educacional em nível de Ensino Fundamental, que resolveu individualmente um problema de RE com o kit. O procedimento de resolução do problema foi gravado em vídeo e analisado com suporte do software Transana®. A análise do procedimento do sujeito em situação de resolução de problema de Robótica Educacional com enfoque nas microgêneses cognitivas possibilitou visualizar como acontece a construção das estratégias cognitivas de resolução de problemas através da elaboração da representação mental e da construção ou atualização dos esquemas familiares na ação do sujeito sobre os objetos e sobre si mesmo no nível operatório concreto.
Modelo conceptual de productividad agrícola rural
Authors: Zerpa Ramírez Héctor Acacio , Izquierdo Henry , Chaparro Ricardo
Published: February 2021

Cientos de millones de familias rurales se ven atrapadas en un ciclo con baja productividad agrícola, dando lugar a un sufrimiento innecesario que obstaculiza el desarrollo agrícola y el crecimiento económico en general. La finalidad del artículo consiste en contribuir en la búsqueda de posibles soluciones para el problema de la baja productividad en el área agrícola, de las personas que habitan en los campos y en particular aquellos pobladores que se dedican y dependen de la agricultura como medio de subsistencia. El problema consiste en la pérdida de los derechos humanos, primordialmente en las poblaciones rurales. Teniendo en cuenta estas consideraciones, se planteó un marco conceptual y un enfoque analítico capaz de operacionalizar y por ende lograr establecer el modelo conceptual de productividad agrícola rural, con el objetivo de integrar y estudiar las variables que permitan explicar un efecto determinante sobre los ingresos de los productores, dichos ingresos son el resultado de aplicar un modelo que garantiza de forma natural, un equilibrio económico, social y ambiental. La investigación se enmarcó en el enfoque metodológico de tipo analítico. El modelo se planteó en función de estudios previos basados en modelos agroalimentarios, índices de progreso, modelos de productividad, análisis de las cadenas de valor, desarrollo endógeno, marcos conceptuales, enfoques analíticos y distritos industriales; permitiendo al modelo mencionado emerger como una metodología inédita denominado Modelo Conceptual de Productividad Agrícola Rural (MoPAR), el cual será una herramienta tecnológica que se entregará a los productores con la finalidad que sea incluido dentro de sus herramientas de toma de decisiones.
International experience on the improvement of national management technology and legal regulation of public contracts
Authors: Holubieva Viktoriia , Nevara Liliia , Savchuk Serhiy , Detiuk Andriy , Tatsiienko Valerii
Published: February 2021

The objective of the research is to study the global experience of the legal regulation and organization of public procurement (from a not only legal but also a technological perspective), which should be the basis for suggestions to improve the legal regulation mechanism for procurement public in Ukraine. For the implementation of the comparative legal part of the study, normative legal acts and acts of official interpretation of the legal systems of the following states, as well as related scientific and scientific-practical materials, were used: USA, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Switzerland, South Korea, United Kingdom, Japan, Egypt, Canada, Malaysia, Israel, India, Argentina, Australia, New Zealand. The unification of electronic public procurements systems remains to be a topical and unresolved task for the WTO GPA member countries. The experience of some countries in encouraging small and medium-sized enterprises in electronic public procurement is considered progressive and positive. We consider it necessary to adopt the experience of the USA, Israel, China countries and accelerate the adoption of laws in Ukraine to support national producers.
Kajian Eksegetikal tentang Kelahiran Baru Menurut Yohanes 3:1-8
Authors: Kurniawan Jimmy
Published: February 2021

Secara teologis, ada dua macam kelahiran, pertama adalah kelahiran fisik atau natural melalui orang tua yang berdosa. Kedua adalah kelahiran spiritual yang biasa disebut kelahiran baru yang dikerjakan oleh Roh Kudus secara spiritual, dan memberikan kehidupan baru kepada orang berdosa. Kelahiran baru adalah anugerah Allah yang tidak mungkin dapat ditolak, setiap orang yang telah dilahirkan baru dari Roh Kudus pasti akan datang kepada Kristus. Kelahiran baru adalah penyatuan antara manusia dengan Kristus. Di dalam kehidupan yang baru, orang yang telah dilahir barukan itu memiliki persekutuan yang intim bersama Kristus, mereka dikenal dan dikasihi Allah. Iman di dalam Yesus Kristus menghasilkan kelahiran baru dan pertobatan. Orang-orang yang telah dilahir barukan tidak akan pernah kehilangan keselamatannya. Bahkan mengalami kedewasaan rohani dengan ditandai kesanggupan menerapkan buah Roh dalam kehidupannya.
Genética y biotecnología precolombina
Authors: Marín Mario Ramón Ruiz De Castilla
Published: February 2021

Se analiza el proceso de domesticación de animales y plantas realizado por los antiguos peruanos, que en su evolución cultural, su lucha por la sobrevivencia y por el dominio de la naturaleza lograron el cambio genético de las especies silvestres manejando la genética y la biotecnología desde tiempos remotos. La domesticación en Los Andes culminó con la creación de más de 150 plantas cultivadas y 5 animales domésticos (llama, alpaca, cuy, pato criollo y perro sin pelo del Perú).

Para la formación de la base genética los genetistas precolombinos sabían que era necesario tener una población con alta variabilidad genética para lograr un satisfactorio cambio genético. Utilizaron la Selección, para lo que emplearon sistemas de identificación de los animales, dividiendo los rebaños por sexo, edad y color de la fibra en camélidos. Supieron elegir y priorizar los caracteres de interés económico y biológico. Emplearon la selección fenotípica, escogiendo individuos sobresalientes y realizando apareamientos entre los mejores animales. Manejaron la consanguinidad para fijar caracteres y la heterosis para aprovechar el “vigor híbrido” de la descendencia. Utilizaron la clonación o propagación asexual de las plantas cultivadas. Manejaron los cambios zonales repentinos de los tejidos (quimeras) como fuente de variabilidad. Inventaron los sistemas de conservación de alimentos por deshidratación (liofilización).

Se concluye que los genetistas precolombinos conocieron y aplicaron la genética y la biotecnología en la domesticación de plantas y animales, así como en la conservación de alimentos.
Compulsory virtual education at school An Argentine experience
Authors: Godoy Susana del Valle , Marucco Edith Susana , Negrete Claudia Silvina , Sposetti Alicia Herminia
Published: February 2021

La articulación de la escuela tradicional y la escuela como campus virtual la convierte en una institución que organiza la enseñanza y el aprendizaje en el aula superando los límites espaciales, temporales y relacionales clásicos. Los nuevos escenarios están refigurando los imaginarios educativos: alumnos, escuela, docentes y padres tienen desafíos. Diseñar propuestas tendientes a la consolidación de modelos autónomos de aprendizaje, identidades escolares centradas en el compromiso con el conocimiento y con el otro, proyectos de equidad que sorteen la brecha generacional y socio-cultural en relación con la tecnología informática para participar en las comunidades virtuales de aprendizaje son los principios sobre los que se basa este proyecto que organiza la práctica de enseñanza y aprendizaje en la escuela y que compartimos.
Teaching innovation resource in the Degree of Criminology: the debate in the classroom
Authors: Espejo Belén Macías
Published: February 2021

The work presented aims to address the technique of debate as a learning tool in the subject Criminal Law II- Criminal Law. Special Part- of the Degree in Criminology.

This, based on the idea that the use of new methodologies should be promoted in the classroom; so, to shape the debate as a formula of self-learning complements the theoretical work and favors the formative skills of dynamic practice, contributing to the development of critical capacity, in terms of parameter of logical autonomous thinking, which sponsors oral communication, cooperative work and reasoned decision-making.
La honestidad, la amistad y la autoestima: valores que promueven el clima relacional positivo
Authors: Bernárdez-Gómez Abraham , Álvarez-Muñoz José Santiago , Belmonte María Luisa
Published: February 2021

Las relaciones en el entrono escolar y en la comunidad educativa han sido y se presentan en la actualidad como una de las principales preocupaciones para los gestores y lideres educativos. Ello se debe a la profunda relación que guarda con el bienestar y el rendimiento académico como se ha podido comprobar a lo largo de la investigación anterior estudiada. Por ese motivo se ha planteado la necesidad de establecer un plan de intervención en el que se propondrá una serie de actividades que trabajen diferentes tipos de valores, dando cuenta de la importancia de cada uno de ellos y su beneficio al desarrollo socioeducativo y personal de los estudiantes y a la implicación en la comunidad educativa mediante un clima relacional positivo. Esta acción se lleva a cabo dentro de una propuesta de intervención educativa en el programa de Cruz Roja: “Éxito escolar”, en la Comunidad Aútonoma de la Región de Murcia, España.
Oportunidades y desafíos de las Fintech en Perú
Authors: Rios-Campos Carlos , Delgado Freddy Camacho , Cerna Henrry  Agreda , Ramirez Italo Maldonado , Acosta Roberto Santa Cruz
Published: February 2021

Resulta necesario conocer el estado de arte de las fintech en Perú, considerando que a nivel mundial las startups financieras tienen un crecimiento importante y un impacto social y económico. Se planteó el objetivo general, analizar las oportunidades y desafíos de las fintech en Perú. Metodología, la investigación presenta un diseño cualitativo-interpretativo, de tipo documental, se han seleccionado 27 documentos, realizados en el periodo 2015 – 2020; incluyendo: artículos científicos, artículos de revisión e información de sitios web de organizaciones reconocidas. Las palabras claves utilizadas en las búsquedas fueron: fintech e inclusión financiera. Resultados, en el Perú las principales fintech limeñas, están en un proceso de posicionamiento de mercado. Además, se requiere el decidido apoyo a los emprendedores de provincias, con estímulos financieros, capacitaciones y mentorías. Conclusiones, con respecto al objetivo general, analizar las oportunidades de las fintech en Perú, se observó el apoyo inicial por parte del Estado Peruano, mediante el Decreto de Urgencia N° 013-2020, Decreto de Urgencia que promueve el financiamiento de la MIPYME, Emprendimientos y Startups; el mercado de las fintech está creciendo en provincias; la Asociación Fintech del Perú, está ayudando a construir un ecosistema fintech sólido. Al analizar los desafíos de las fintech en Perú, destacan la urgencia de reducir las transacciones que se hacen de manera física, aumentar la inclusión financiera y el escaso financiamiento.
Agresiones a mujeres a través de los videojuegos
Authors: Martínez-Oña M. Mar , Muñoz-Muñoz Ana M.
Published: February 2021

INTRODUCCIÓN: El videojuego, es un producto multimedia de comunicación que entre otros valores, fomenta valores sociales; sin embargo hay que plantearse ¿Qué sucede cuando el usuario/jugador de videojuegos, se debe convertir en el violador más peligroso de la ciudad? Se normaliza entonces, el abuso violento y sexual contra las mujeres, se fomenta y desarrolla una cultura de la violación -Rape culture- que es confirmada y asimilada a través del silencio de la sociedad, quedando así las mujeres sometidas, vejadas y utilizadas.

OBJETIVO: Cuando la violación hacia las mujeres se normaliza e incluso se convierte en un juego, es necesario denunciar determinados videojuegos. Por ello, el objetivo principal de este artículo es identificar y analizar los videojuegos en los cuales se desarrolla la temática de las violaciones femeninas y que llevan implícito como objetivo fundamental las agresiones sexuales. Por tanto, se pretende denunciar como difundir de forma banal este tipo de comportamiento fomenta determinados delitos contra las mujeres, que no deja de ser violencia sexual, violencia machista creada, mantenida y difundida desde una sociedad patriarcal que somete, viola y asesina a las mujeres.

MÉTODOS: A través de las metodologías cualitativa e iconográfica, y usando diversas fuentes de análisis, donde destacamos diversos videojuegos que permitirán identificar sí se fomenta la cultura de la violación a través de su argumento y de sus imágenes.

RESULTADOS: Uno de los primeros videojuegos en los que se representaban violaciones fue La venganza de Custer (EE.UU, 1982), cuyo objetivo era violar a una mujer nativa americana. Pero, lo deplorable es que no se trata de un videojuego aislado, sino que existen otros muchos como RapeLay (Japón, 2006), que anima al jugador a acosar, humillar y violar a una madre y sus dos hijas acechando y violando a tres miembros femeninos de una misma familia. El último los videojuegos lanzado al mercado y que tenía previsto salir a la venta en abril del 2019 es Rape Day, cuyo objetivo principal es asesinar y violar brutalmente a las mujeres, donde se presenta al jugador como un violador y asesino que debe de acosar, violar y matar a mujeres.

CONCLUSIONES: El principal problema es la desensibilización hacia las agresiones sexuales, que se encuentran normalizadas en nuestro entorno histórico-social y son difundidas a través de los medios de comunicación. Esto se traslada también a los videojuegos, donde en algunos, todas las agresiones a las mujeres estarían permitidas, siendo el principal objetivo del juego; por lo que preocupa, pensar que aún persisten individuos que disfrutan jugando con estos videojuegos, donde les está permitido someter, violar, e incluso asesinar a mujeres y niñas.
Physiological and molecular responses of golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus subjected to the acute salinity stress
Authors: Zhang Jian , Liu Bo , Zhao Chao-Ping , Guo Hua-Yang
Published: February 2021

Golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) is a commercially important marine fish and is widely cultured in the coastal area of South China. Salinity is one of the most important environmental factors influencing aquatic organisms. In this study, T. ovatus was subjected to the acute salinity stress treatments using four salinity levels of 0‰, 10‰, 20‰, and 40‰ to investigate its physiological and molecular responses. Our results revealed that serum osmolality, Na+, and Cl– concentrations showed a similar decreasing trend after salinity stress at the first 2 h and then increased after 8 h. In particular, the Na+/K+-ATPase alpha 1-isoform (Tonka α1) rapidly responded to changes in salinity levels. In the gills, the expression of Tonka α1 was markedly upregulated at 2 h in all the experimental groups (0‰, 10‰, 20‰, and 40‰). In the kidney, Tonka α1 expression in these experimental groups tended first to increase but then decreased, with its values peaking at 2 h, 4 h, and 8 h, respectively. In the intestine, Tonka α1 responded rapidly to salinity changes and then changed dramatically within 4 h under salinity stress. The Na+/K+-ATPase activity was also affected by the acute salinity stress, and it was higher in the 10‰ and 40‰ groups than in the control group (0 h). Interestingly, Na+/K+-ATPase activity was lowest in the 20‰ group. Our results show the various physiological response of T. ovatus under acute salinity stress and demonstrate that under such conditions, Na+/K+-ATPase is primarily involved in the osmoregulation required to maintain homeostasis in this species.
Effects of Ammonia and Nitrite Stress on Immune and Metabolic Responses of Japanese Sea Bass, Lateolabrax Japonicus
Authors: Wu Jinxi , Wen Guoliang , Xu Yu , Hu Xiaojuan , Li Zhuojia , Cao Yucheng , Yu Wei , Chen Gang
Published: February 2021

We investigated the effects of ammonia and nitrite stress on genes involved in

metabolism and disease resistance in Japanese sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus). Fish

were exposed to pure seawater (control), 65.4 mg/L NH4+ -N, or 60.9 mg/L NO2–N for 7 days. Muscle, head-kidney, gill, spleen, and liver tissues were sampled regularly and

the expression of immune and metabolism-related genes was monitored. The results

indicated that the expression of immune-related genes such as heat shock proteins 70

and 90 were upregulated in the head-kidney, spleen, gill, liver, and muscle tissues

under ammonia and nitrite stress. Glutamine synthetase (GS) expression increased to

different degrees under ammonia and nitrite stress, while glutamate dehydrogenase

(GDH) in the stress group upregulated in the gills. The expression of carbonic anhydrase

(CA) was upregulated in the spleen and gill tissue under ammonia or nitrite stress.

Expression of leptin (LEP) was upregulated in the muscle, gills and liver under nitrite

stress; under ammonia stress, LEP expression did not fluctuate significantly in the

spleen or gill. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was downregulated in the spleen,

while did not fluctuate obviously in the muscle and head-kidney under ammonia stress.

These results indicate that ammonia and nitrite stress led to an upregulated immune

related indexes response and increased metabolic activities in L. japonicus, and

provides reference suggestions for response status of these health markers answering

the outside environment intimidation.
Blunt Hedgehog-Lizard (Echinosaura brachycephala)
Authors: Arteaga Alejandro
Published: February 2021

This is the species account about the Blunt Hedgehog-Lizard (Echinosaura brachycephala), a chapter in the Reptiles of Ecuador book. This account summarizes novel as well as historical information (recognition, natural history, distribution, conservation, etymology, and relevant literature) about the species and provides maps and images to facilitate identification of this reptile in the field.
AN INNOVATIVE SOLUTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ON THE WAY TO CONTROL THE EMISSION OF POLLUTANTS IN THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE PRODUCTION SPHERE SYNTHETIC RUBBERS
Authors: Xodjayeva S , Ibragimov A , Karimov S , Ibodullayev B
Published: February 2021

The white paper presents the analytical results of a study on the study of the sources of formation of pollutants in the atmosphere. The presence and specific values of the levels of emission of emissions and discharges into the environment in the production of various rubbers have been established.
SYNERGETICS OF ECOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS IN EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Turaeva S , Sharifxodjaev Sh
Published: February 2021

This article discusses an integrated approach to environmentaleducation at different levels of the continuous educational process. The effectivenessof the transition from traditional education in environmental education to innovativein the form of synergy at different levels of development of society in Uzbekistan isstudied. Using the international experience of some countries, a systematic analysisof the introduction of new pedagogical technologies into various educationalstructures of the Republic of Uzbekistan has been carried out. A model is proposed that provides for a new systemic approach in environmental education forsustainable development.
MEDICAL WASTE TYPES AND THEIR DISINFECTION METHODS
Authors: Xudayberganova O’
Published: February 2021

Tibbiy chiqindilar o`zaro almashinib qo`llanishidan qat’iy nazar,umumiy tibbiy chiqindilar atamasi va biozararli chiqindilar o`rtasida ma’lum bir farqmavjuddir. Kesuvchi buyumlar, inson to`qima va hujayralari, suyuqliklar vazaharlangan boshqa jihozlarni biozararli chiqindilar toifasiga kiritishadi. Aynipaytda esa, zaharlanmagan jihozlar va hayvon to`qimalarini umum iy tibbiychiqindilar toifasiga mansubligini ta’kidlab o`tishadi.
Analysis of Students’ Perceptions of Online Learning Media During the Covid-19 Pandemic (Study of E-learning Media: Zoom, Google Meet, Google Classroom, and LMS)
Authors: Fuady Ikhsan , Sutarjo Moch. Armien Syifaa , Ernawati Erna
Published: February 2021

Learning in the pandemic period requires students to be able to use a variety of online learning media. Zoom, Google meet, Google classroom, and LMS platforms are the most frequently used media. Students' behavior to use learning media is influenced by perceptions of the learning media. This study aimed to describe the ease and usefulness perceptions that students feel about the various available learning media. This research is designed as quantitative research with a survey approach. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics. The results show that students' perceived ease of learning media, namely Zoom, Google meet, Google classroom, and LMS, is perceived as relatively easy. Zoom is an application/platform that is considered the easiest of the other media, while LMS is considered more complicated than the other three media. Meanwhile, this study's results also show that the perspective of the usefulness of the learning media is considered to have good benefits. Zoom is the application/platform that is considered the most useful from other media, while LMS is considered less useful than the other three media.
Derecho administrativo y tecnología
Authors: Lorenzo María Josefina , Nessar de Lenoble Silvana , Fischer Gustavo
Published: February 2021

El Grupo de Investigación y Estudio en Derecho Administrativo de la Universidad de Montevideo ya en 2009 abordó el estudio del fenómeno del “teletrabajo” en la Administración Pública, al reflexionar sobre el Decreto No. 420/007 de 7 de noviembre de 2007 y sus modernas formas de prestación de la función pública.  La realidad de la pandemia de COVID-19, que ha puesto de relieve esta modalidad de trabajo, justifica retomar aquellas ideas y analizarlas en su desarrollo y bajo la nueva realidad, con el ánimo de aportar al estudio y discusión de esta forma de prestación de función pública.  Así, en este trabajo se releva y actualiza el fenómeno del teletrabajo en la Administración Pública en el derecho comparado, específicamente en España, y en el Gobierno Federal de los Estados Unidos.  Pasando luego al análisis de la normativa existente en el Derecho Positivo de Uruguay, y el examen de los antecedentes normativos en el área de teletrabajo y tecnología.  Para, finalmente, valorar virtudes, defectos y prospectiva del teletrabajo en la Función Pública.
O Artesanato e o Patrimônio Cultural: a produção acadêmica dos programas de pós-graduação em Patrimônio Cultural
Authors: Silveira Cátia , Milheira Rafael
Published: February 2021

Nesse trabalho, apresentamos um estado da arte/do conhecimento, sobre o que vem sendo produzido a respeito da temática Patrimônio Cultural no âmbito acadêmico, no Brasil. Trata-se de um levantamento sobre a produção dos Programas de Pós-Graduação stricto sensu em Patrimônio Cultural, a partir dos campos informativos da Plataforma Sucupira, bem como, da produção acadêmica desses, no que se refere ao artesanato na abordagem do patrimônio cultural, no período de 2003 a 2017. Com base nesses dados foi possível medir o baixo impacto da produção dos programas no que se refere ao tema artesanato, o que reflete a forma como esse campo de produção cultural é tratado no Brasil.
REPRESENTACIÓN Y APODERAMIENTO (PRESENCIAL Y ELECTRÓNICO) EN EL PROCEDIMIENTO ADMINISTRATIVO
Authors: GAMERO CASADO EDUARDO
Published: February 2021

Este trabajo analiza el régimen general de la representación y el
apoderamiento en el procedimiento administrativo común, exponiendo tanto las
determinaciones clásicas o tradicionales de la materia, como la problemática derivada
de la representación y apoderamiento por medios electrónicos, dedicando especial atención a los problemas que plantea esta última, y ofreciendo algunas
pautas para su solución. Además del régimen resultante en el procedimiento común
general, se analizan igualmente dos procedimientos comunes especiales
que presentan singular importancia debido a su masividad: los procedimientos
en materia tributaria y en el ámbito de la Seguridad Social. Se incluye también un
trabajo de campo que analiza la práctica de 30 órganos administrativos en la exigencia
de acreditación de la representación, demostrando las grandes diferencias
de criterio existentes.

Administrazio-prozedura erkideko ordezkaritzaren eta ahalordetzearen
araubide orokorra aztertu du lan honek. Horretarako, batetik, gaiaren
gaineko zehaztapen klasiko edo tradizionalak azaldu ditu, eta, bestetik, bitarteko
elektronikoen bidezko ordezkaritzak eta ahalordetzeak eragindako arazoa islatu.
Bereziki jorratu ditu azken horrek eragin dituen zailtasunak, eta horiek konpontzeko
jarraibide batzuk eskaini ditu. Prozedura erkide orokorreko araubideaz gain,
bi prozedura erkide berezi ere aztertu dira, garrantzitsuak baitira beren izaera masiboaren
ondorioz: zergen gaineko prozedurak eta Gizarte Segurantzaren eremuko
prozedurak dira. Landa-lana ere egin da; hau da, 30 administrazio-organok ordezkaritza
egiaztatzeko orduan betetzen dituzten prozedurak aztertu dira, eta agerian
utzi dira irizpideen artean dauden alde nabarmenak.

This paper analyzes the general regime of representation and
empowerment within the common administrative procedure, stating both the
classic or traditional conceptions on the matter and the problems arising from the
online representation and empowerment by focusing on the issues that poses the
latter and customizing some guidelines for their solution. Besides the resultant
regime within the general common procedure, it is also analyzed two special
common procedures due to their massiveness: procedures in the tax sphere and
in the Social Security area. A fieldwork is also included where the practice followed
by thirty administrative bodies when requiring the proof of representation shows
the wide disparity in the existing criteria.
LOS DERECHOS DE LOS EXTRANJEROS EN LA CONSTITUCIÓN ESPAÑOLA. UNA INTERPRETACIÓN LÓGICO-SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: IBÁÑEZ MACÍAS ANTONIO
Published: February 2021

En este artículo hemos intentado sistematizar los derechos de los españoles y de los extranjeros en la Constitución española, estudiando la titularidad y condiciones de ejercicio de los derechos de ambos grupos de personas. Para este propósito, hemos partido de tres reglas interpretativas, formuladas en el lenguaje de la lógica de predicados, a las que hemos añadido las dos reglas específicas de los artículos 13.1 y 13.2 CE. De acuerdo con dichas reglas, hemos criticado la confusa jurisprudencia constitucional sobre esta materia, y hemos realizado una interpretación y clasificación alternativas de los derechos de los extranjeros; primero, de los derechos contenidos en el Título I, y después, de los ubicados en otros títulos de la Constitución.

Espainiarrek eta atzerritarrek Espainiako Konstituzioan dituzten eskubideak sistematizatzeko ahalegina egin da artikulu honetan. Horretarako, bi multzo horien eskubideak baliatzeko baldintzak eta horien titulartasuna aztertu dira. Hiru interpretazio-arau izan dira abiapuntuak, predikatuen logikaren hizkuntzan emanak, eta horiei Espainiako Konstituzioaren 13.1. eta 13.2. artikuluetako bi arau zehatzak gehitu zaizkie. Arau horien arabera, gai honen gaineko konstituzio-jurisprudentzia nahasia kritikatu da, eta atzerritarren eskubideen bestelako sailkapen eta interpretazio bat gauzatu; lehenengo eta behin, I. tituluan jasotako eskubideena, eta, ondoren, Konstituzioko beste titulu batzuetan jasotakoena.

In this paper we have tried to systematize the rights of Spaniards and foreigners in the Spanish Constitution, studying the ownership and conditions of exercise of the rights of both groups of people. For this purpose, we have started with three interpretive rules, formulated in the language of predicate logic, to which we have added the two specific rules of articles 13.1 and 13.2 CE. In accordance with these rules, we have criticized the confused constitutional jurisprudence on this matter, and have made an alternative interpretation and classification of the rights of foreigners; first, of the rights contained in Title I, and then, of those located in other titles of the Constitution.
JURISPRUDENCIA DEL TRIBUNAL DE JUSTICIA DE LA UNIÓN EUROPEA SOBRE LOS SACRIFICIOS RELIGIOSOS DE ANIMALES
Authors: GARCIA URETA AGUSTIN
Published: February 2021

El presente comentario examina dos sentencias del Tribunal de
Justicia de la Unión Europea (TJUE) (Gran Sala) respecto de las restricciones para
el sacrificio ritual de animales a la luz de la normativa europea sobre esta materia,
los requisitos que deben cumplir los mataderos y la imposibilidad de aplicar
la normativa sobre producción y etiquetado de los productos ecológicos a los obtenidos
a partir de tal sacrificio. Según el TJUE, la normativa europea no implica
una restricción a la libertad religiosa, al exceptuar el caso de los sacrificios rituales.
Tampoco los requisitos técnicos de los mataderos impiden el sacrificio ritual a
la luz del artículo 10 de la Carta de Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea.
Por otra parte, si embargo, los productos obtenidos a partir del sacrificio ritual no
se pueden beneficiar de la etiqueta ecológica. En todo caso, el Tribunal recalca que
el sacrifico ritual se autoriza en la UE solo con carácter excepcional y con el único
fin de garantizar el respeto de la libertad de religión.

Iruzkin honek Europar Batasuneko Justizia Auzitegiaren (Sala
Nagusia) bi epai aztertzen ditu, gaiari buruzko europar araudiaren arabera, animalien
erritu sakrifizioei jarritako murrizketa, hiltegiek bete behar dituzten betekizun
eta sakrifizio horietatik lortutako produktu ekologikoen etiketeei buruzkoak. Auzitegiak
dioenez, erritu sakrifizioak baztertzeagatik, europar araudiak ez du erlijio askatasuna
murrizten. Ezta Europar Batasuneko Oinarrizko Eskubideen 10. artikuluaren
harira, erritu sakrifizioak galarazten duten hiltegiei jarritako betekizun teknikoek
ere. Bestetik, aldiz, erritu sakrifizioen ondorioz lortutako produktuek ezin dezakete
etiketa ekologikoa izan. Edonola ere, Auzitegiak azpimarratzen du erritu sakrifizioa
zilegi dela Europar Batasunean salbuespen gisa soilik eta erlijio askatasunaren begirunea
bermatzea duenean helburu.

This comment examines two judgments of the Court of Justice
of the European Union (CJEU) (Grand Chamber) regarding the restrictions for
the ritual slaughter of animals, in the light of the EU regulations on this matter,
the requirements to meet by slaughterhouses and the application of EU rules on
organic production and labelling of organic products. According to the Court, EU
legislation on the killing of animals does not represent a restriction on religious
freedom in so far as it contemplates it. The technical requirements applicable to
slaughterhouses do not necessarily impede the ritual slaughter in the light of
Article 10 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. However,
products obtained after the ritual sacrifice of animals could not benefit from the
rules on organic production and labelling. The Court has reaffirmed that the ritual
slaughter is authorised only by way of derogation in the EU and solely in order to
ensure observance of the freedom of religion.
EL PRINCIPIO «NON BIS IN IDEM» EN LA PROTECCIÓN DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE
Authors: PICÓN ARRANZ ALBERTO
Published: February 2021

El principio «non bis in idem» se configura como un derecho fundamental integrado en el principio de legalidad. Su importancia cobra un papel fundamental en la protección del medio ambiente ya que se trata de una materia en la que, comúnmente en la práctica, se puede producir la doble sanción penal y administrativa. La doble vertiente material y procesal de este principio, junto con la prevalencia de la jurisdicción penal frente a la contencioso-administrativa, contribuyen a delimitar el verdadero contenido de la garantía del «non bis in idem».

Legezkotasunaren printzipioan txertatutako funtsezko eskubidea da «non bis in idem» printzipioa. Ingurumena babesteko orduan, berebiziko garrantzia dauka, gai honetan, praktika orokorrean, zehapen bikoitza sor baitateke: zigor-arlokoa eta administraziokoa. Printzipio honen alderdi material eta prozesal bikoitz horren ondorioz, eta administrazioarekiko auzien aurrean zigor-jurisdikzioak duen gailentasuna dela eta, mugatu egiten da «non bis in idem» kontzeptuaren bermearen benetako edukia.

The «non bis in idem» principle is configured as a fundamental right integrated into the principle of legality. Its importance takes on a fundamental role in the environmental protection, since it is a field in which, commonly in practice, there can be both criminal and administrative sanctions. The double material and procedural aspect of this principle, as well as the prevalence of criminal jurisdiction over contentious-administrative jurisdiction, contribute to delimit the true content of the guarantee of «non bis in idem».
Blockchain-rendszerű megoldások a munkaviszonyokban
Authors: Ferencz Jácint
Published: February 2021

"The essence of the blockchain technology lies in that via connected IT devices such a base of information is formed which simultaneously, with making a thousand copies, is able to register data of transactions, automated transactions, without any external supervision and the possibility of retrospective one-sided modification. Many believe that the system of blockchain (and the digital general ledger system forming its base) will bring about such a change into our lives which the Internet brought when it started to spread in the 1990s.
The most successful examples of blockchains so far are financial tools. The Court of the European Union has already ruled in judgement no. C264/14 that bitcoin virtual currency is considered to be a contractual money, it is a direct money between economic actors who accept it.
It is a perpetual dilemma of the law and legal regulations that lawmakers react to the events of everyday life slower than the speed at which economic actors find new solutions to various problems. Do new possibilities provided by blockchains surpass risks, or is it just like an Internet article warns: are hackers becoming the new lawyers? What can a corporate lawyer say to the previous question − can salary be asked for in bitcoin?
This presentation tries to answer the question of how much the blockchain system facilitates the conclusion of employment contracts or the fulfillment, the control, and the administration of employment relationships and whether the human element is indispensable in the operation of these systems."
Versenyjog vs. kollektív tárgyalás? – A munkajogi védelem a versenyképesség szempontjából
Authors: Jakab Nóra , Berényi Laura , Skribanek Petra
Published: February 2021

The constantly changing economic and social environment is of paramount importance to the environment of labour law regulation today given that the socio-economic definition of labour law can be considered on the basis of the current idea thereof. Adaptation to the changing environment requires that labour law regulations also adapt properly to the changes. As a result, we may encounter a number of new employment relationships today, which will generate additional problems to be resolved with regard to labour law.
Minimálbér – minimáljövedelem – feltétel nélküli alapjövedelem?
Authors: Mélypataki Gábor
Published: February 2021

Changes in the labour market have marked features that are important for previous eras. These changes are primarily changes as digitalization comes to the fore, which significantly changes the structure of the labour market. The time lag between job losses and new jobs created due to new technologies, as well as possible retraining, will result in an intermediate time interval. This time interval for maximum service will be characterized by a low-skilled workforce. Starting out, however, from the principle of state social welfare, we cannot leave these persons without benefits. The question was made especially topical by the COVID-19 epidemic, which also reached Europe in the spring of 2020. In several countries, basic income or -similar social benefits have been introduced. The reason for this move is the significant employment crisis that has resulted in the lockdown used by some countries to stop the spread of the virus. The basic income is, however, only one element of the system, which is why it is necessary to examine the issue in relation to the minimum wage and minimum income.
A munkáltató kártérítési felelőssége az atipikus munkaviszonyokban
Authors: Trenyisán Máté
Published: February 2021

"Employers’ liability for damages is an extremely strict, no-fault liability. In practically all cases, employers are liable for employment-related damages suffered by employees. Rules on employers’ liability for damages has been changed in many aspects by the Hungarian code of labour law in the private sector, Act I of 2012 on the Labour Code (hereinafter referred to as Labour Code). These changes have introduced some, generally private law institutions into the assessment of liability, such as the foreseeability clause.
The application of these rules raises a lot of questions even in typical employment relationships, while for atypical employment relationships it is especially true. We must realize that the system of the employers’ liability for damages has been designed for conventional employment relationships.
The purpose of this presentation and study is to review to what extent the rules governing employers’ liability for damages may be applied for atypical employment relationships unobjectionably, e.g. remote working, or for atypical elements of typical employment such as home office."
A kollektív munkaszerződés szabályozásának problémái Romániában
Authors: Vallasek Magdolna
Published: February 2021

"Following the coming into force of the new Social Dialogue Act in 2011, the Romanian collective bargaining system has fundamentally changed due to the restructuring of the levels of collective bargaining and the definition of the representativeness criteria. The collective agreement is the central institution of the collective labour law, the existence or non-existence of it, the content of the agreement being of a real interest for the enforcement of employees’ interest. The new regulation significantly weakened the bargaining power of the social partners, which very soon led to a drastic reduction in the number of the concluded collective agreements.
In our study, we try to point out the problematic issues of the Romanian regulation related to the collective agreement, anticipating at the same time the possible new perspectives opened up by the attempt to amend the law."
Az e-mail mint bizonyíték a munkaügyi perekben – adatvédelmi és eljárásjogi aggályok
Authors: Wellmann Barna Bence
Published: February 2021

Due to technological developments in recent years and decades, an increasing number of e-mails and other electronic messages have appeared among the means of evidence submitted during labour lawsuit proceedings, which in the vast majority of cases are accepted and evaluated by the courts without question. However, most people (including the judges) are unlikely to be aware that there is a high chance that these documents are in themselves constituting infringing evidence from both a procedural and a data protection point of view. The study seeks to answer the question of whether, nevertheles there is a way to legally take these documents into account in litigation.