bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Delighting customers of management education in India: a student perspective, part II
Authors: Sahney Sangeeta
Published: September 2011

Purpose

Educational institutions must provide quality of services so as to be to able to delight the customers and be able to compete and achieve a leading position in the long run. This paper is a continuation to an earlier study and aims to present the results of an empirical study conducted on management institutes in India with a customer orientation to the quality paradigm through a focus on the students' perspective. While multiple methodologies were applied, SERVQUAL has already been discussed as the first part of the paper. This part of the series presents a prioritization for improvement of service design of an educational system through incorporation of the Voice of the Customer. The study is an attempt towards the integration of multiple methodologies so as to be able to identify customer requirements and evaluate service quality with the application of SERVQUAL; prioritize improvement of service through the Kano model; and, guide and develop educational services by incorporating the Voice of the Customer through the QFD.

Design/methodology/approach

After having derived the findings from the application of the SERVQUAL, the Kano model and the Quality Function Deployment was used to guide and develop an educational system through the Voice of the Customer.

Findings

The Kano model provided a guide to prioritize improvement and enhancement of attributes and thus, proposed the improvement and enhancement of delivery of educational service. The QFD helped develop educational services by incorporating the Voice of Customers.

Practical implications

The paper could be useful to policy makers, educational planners and administrators in developing a system that could lead to customer satisfaction and delight.

Originality/value

The integration of the multiple tools and their application to the field of management education in India, has not yet been made available in the literature.
Travel agencies in Alicante, Spain: a productivity analysis
Authors: Álvarez‐Suárez Alberto , Fuentes Ramón
Published: September 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide lines of action based on the results aimed at improving the future levels of productivity of the travel agencies in Alicante.

Design/methodology/approach

Estimates of output‐oriented Malmquist Productivity Indices and the values of their components will be calculated. Furthermore, in order to avoid problems that may arise from these results (which are based on finite samples that are sensitive to sampling variations) bootstrapping techniques (smoothed bootstrap) are used. Lastly, the Mann‐Whitney‐U test is used in order to accept or reject the influence that different factors have on productivity levels.

Findings

This study is a continuation of previous studies analysing the variation productivity of 22 travel agencies located in Alicante (Spain) over the period 2008‐2010. The results obtained from applying the afore‐mentioned methods do not provide substantially different conclusions to those obtained in previous studies. The authors can observe that the technological component (T) is the main factor, which these companies use to sustain their productivity levels and, thanks to this, the negative effects of a poor application of economies of scale are neutralised. In light of this, and for the whole of the period 2008‐2010, the inappropriate management of resources and the inability to obtain higher output levels played an insignificant role. Perhaps, a higher amount of information online about both economics and efficiency could be a good strategy to help these agencies to improve their results.

Research limitations/implications

The impossibility of increasing the amount of data for carrying out the study, given the scarcity of statistical sources available and the reticence of the travel agencies to provide us with more information.

Originality/value

Although other studies have been previously carried out using Malmquist indices and bootstrapping techniques to analyse the productivity of travel agencies in other countries or cities, this is the first to be undertaken in Spain using the smoothed bootstrap method based on output‐oriented models, so as to examine this field of study from a new perspective.
Uses and abuses of evidence in crime prevention
Authors: Tilley Nick
Published: September 2011

This paper outlines some of the common failings, failures and abuses in the use of evidence. Evidence is important for the identification of problems for preventative efforts, effective decision‐making and implementation of measures but theory and its rigorous testing, is crucial to the intelligent and informed collection and analysis of data.
Police performance, reform & community safety: How we came to where we are going
Authors: Hallam Steve
Published: September 2011

The principles of the New Public Management have had a significant impact upon the police service in the last decade. The discipline of meeting centrally directed objectives has tended to shift attention away from the issues and concerns that structure perceptions of the fear of crime and community safety. The Police Bill presently before Parliament seeks to redress this by the use of community support officers. The consequences of this innovation are discussed in this paper.
Community safety and the mentally ill: How to improve community care
Authors: Stephens Mike
Published: September 2011

Government plans for the mentally ill include elements of compulsion such as indefinite detention for those with severe personality disorders. In contrast, in Madison, Wisconsin, USA community safety is assured through an integrated network of services dedicated to supporting the mentally ill in the community.
Sex, drugs and broken bowls: Dealing with problems of crime reduction in public conveniences
Authors: Cockfield Colin , Moss Kate
Published: September 2011

Public conveniences are well known as being problematic in terms of crime‐generation. The design of these buildings in respect of both access and internal layout can encourage misuse, including incidents of damage and criminal or anti‐social activity. Traditional policing methods have failed to control or deter such behaviour at problem locations and in spite of frequent prosecutions for a wide range of offences problems tend to persist. This paper discusses the types of problems encountered in public conveniences and makes suggestions as to how these might be overcome.
The Audit Commission and the ills of local community safety: an accurate diagnosis?
Authors: Gilling Daniel
Published: September 2011

This article reviews the progress of local partnership to date, first by examining the contents of the recent Audit Commission review report on Community Safety Partnerships, and then by providing a critique of this report, based upon the author's own research and knowledge of local community safety policy and practice.
The good, the bad or the ugly? What will the new planning out crime guidance be like and what should it be like?
Authors: Moss Kate
Published: September 2011

In December 2001 the then Department of Transport, Local Government and the Regions (DTLR but now currently the Office for the Deputy Prime Minister, hereafter referred to as ODPM) issued the tender document it had promised for the review and update of 5/94 Planning Out Crime (Home Office, 1994) The specification was for good practice guidance on planning out crime to be written within 6 months. Notwithstanding this exercise, the writer contends that in the face of the research, literature, legislation and expertise in relation to designing out crime, papers issued by ODPM and the form of the tender document itself demonstrate that it remains uncommitted to many of the accepted principles of design‐against‐crime and to the cross‐cutting crime reduction obligations of the police and local authorities under the 1998 Crime and Disorder Act. The author anticipates that this lack of commitment may be evident in the forthcoming revised planning out crime guidance and suggests possible approaches to this potentially influential document.
Street prostitution and community safety: a case of contested meanings?
Authors: Melrose Margaret
Published: September 2011

This article considers the issues of ‘street prostitution’ and ‘community safety’ in terms of the discursive construction of each. It argues that in the late‐modern age, concepts such as ‘community’ and ‘safety’ are problematic and their meaning cannot be taken for granted. The discussion then probes discursive constructions of ‘the prostitute’ and explores the causes of prostitution, its legal regulation and the apparent resilience of street sex markets to various forms of intervention in different places and at different times. The article concludes by considering prostitute women as members of the community and reflects on what this might mean in terms of community safety strategies.
Professionalising responses to domestic violence in the UK: definitional difficulties
Authors: Radford Jill
Published: September 2011

Effective professional approaches to the issue of domestic violence are in danger of being undermined by a lack of clarity in definition. This article argues that the gender neutral specification of domestic violence, the breadth of circumstances that comprise it and the encouragement of local variations allow a shift of focus away from the real problem of violence by males upon females and coherent crime reduction strategies.
Improving the effectiveness of partnerships in community safety
Authors: Kirby Stuart
Published: September 2011

The use of ‘problem solving’ as a strategy to tackle the underlying causes of crime and disorder, rather than continually responding to their symptoms, has suffered widely from ‘implementation failure’. This study describes the variables associated with failure, and shows how a UK constabulary, by ensuring compliance with good practice, raised success rates from 33% to 80% in the partnership initiatives with which it was involved.
Cyberstalking: a matter for community safety ‐ but the numbers do not add up
Authors: Bocij Paul , McFarlane Leroy
Published: September 2011

The advent of the internet has led to the new phenomenon of ‘cyberstalking’. This paper examines the extent of this problem. It is argued that all of the estimates commonly cited are flawed because they rely on inaccurate or outdated information or are based on a number of unproven assumptions. Although some estimates suggest that there may be as many as 10 million victims in the United States and Canada alone, available evidence supports a far smaller estimate. It is concluded that additional research is needed to arrive at more accurate and reliable estimates.
Homesafing Keyham: an evaluation
Authors: Mawby R. , Simmonds L.
Published: September 2011

The impact of a target‐hardening initiative on residents of an inner city area of Plymouth, England, was assessed by comparing the perceptions of those included in the initiative (experimental group) with other local residents (control group). While the former felt that target hardening had improved their sense of security, differences between the two groups were minimal on standard ‘fear of crime’ questions, leading us to question whether this was because the project failed or due to the evaluation design. One aspect of the latter is whether ‘fear of crime’ questions are valid measurements in this context. Another relates to differences between the experimental and control groups. A further valuable lesson from the research in this respect was that even where initiatives locate impoverished groups, they may still miss other, even more disadvantaged sections of the community living in the same area.
The internet and child protection (Part 2)
Authors: Kennison Peter , Read Malcolm
Published: September 2011

In the second of two articles, the potential of the internet for child victimisation by paedophiles and the challenges for controls that the technology poses are discussed. The links between the availability of imagery and the actual practice of paedophilia are considered and the problems of legal definition and control policies are outlined. The article concludes by outlining some controls presently available and makes suggestions for improved policing.
The ASBO Officer
Authors: Caves Graham
Published: September 2011

The author is a newly appointed Anti‐Social Behaviour Reduction Officer. He outlines his role and the use of anti‐social behaviour contracts. The appointment of a specialist officer has meant that the provisions of the Crime and Disorder Act have been implemented in the area for the first time. Attempts are also being initiated to implement schemes that may prevent such behaviour in the first place.
The crime drop in Britain?
Authors: Hope Tim
Published: September 2011

International trends indicate that the rate of crime has declined in the developed world over the past decade. The reductions have had little impact upon the fear of crime. The impact of victimisation falls disproportionately on the disadvantaged. There is little understanding of this phenomenon beyond obvious correlations. It may be compounded by the ability of the middle classes to insulate themselves from crime.
Some reflections on research, evaluation and partnership working
Authors: Loveday Barry
Published: September 2011

This article is drawn from a talk by the author given to a local forum in which he comments upon the experience of working within and alongside crime and disorder partnerships. It discusses issues in which research and evaluation have been essential to project implementation ‐ closed circuit television surveillance and late night transport. It argues that whilst partnership working has been successful, the short‐term nature of research funding militates against successful strategy formulation.
The protective society? Seeking safety in an insecure world
Authors: Walklate Sandra
Published: September 2011

This article discusses the nature of the notion of ‘risk’ in late modern society and the community safety discourse that has resulted. The present agenda tends not to take account of the infinite variability of the notion of community and thus, the difficulty in replicating initiatives. The author argues that a ‘taxonomy of protection’ provides a more fruitful analytical tool. The approach to community safety in other European countries treats the notion as a public good and a similar approach in the United Kingdom, it is argued, may result in different ways of thinking.
Urban development and the consequences for burglary
Authors: Waring Neill
Published: September 2011

This article sets out a simple predictive model for calculating the incidence of burglary in dwelling houses. The consequences of planned housing development are also estimated. It is argued that existing Home Office crime reduction targets for burglary reduction will be made more difficult to meet as a result of new residential construction.
Community safety and homophobic crime
Authors: Blackbourn Dean , Loveday Barry
Published: September 2011

This article considers the impact of the Crime And Disorder Act (1998) on the issue of ‘homophobic crime’ in England and Wales. It considers research and survey work conducted by local authorities into ‘hidden crime’, specifically the problem of homophobic crime. The article identifies and analyses a number of local authority reports, crime audits and crime strategies. It speculates as to why greater salience is accorded to certain ‘types’ of hidden crime particularly that of domestic violence and racist crime rather than homophobic crime. Finally it looks at the police response to ‘homophobic crime’ and recent initiatives in this field undertaken by some police forces.
Working towards a seamless service for victims and witnesses of crime in Leicester
Authors: Goodman Hannah
Published: September 2011

This article explores the background to the creation of the Victims and Witnesses Action Group in Leicester. It lays out the aims of this group and how researchers sought to help meet them by carrying out research amongst the communities and agencies of Leicester. The findings highlighted gaps in service provision and led to calls for more multi‐agency working. This article goes on to set out proposals to tackling these gaps in provision through the idea of a federation. This brings together agencies working with victims and witnesses of crime, with a view to offering appropriate and accessible services within Leicester.
Integrating the National Intelligence Model with a ‘problem solving’ approach
Authors: Kirby Stuart , McPherson Ian
Published: September 2011

The National Intelligence Model, described as a ‘model for policing’, defines a process for setting priorities and a framework in which problem solving can be applied. Its strength is a systematic approach that demands standard products and consistent methods of working, which ensure high levels of ownership and accountability. The problem solving approach can also work within this framework. It provides techniques to assist in analysis and develops the tasking and co‐ordinating mechanism through multi‐agency partnerships, which can deliver more sustainable solutions.
Partnerships: where next?
Authors: Fox Chris , Butler Gavin
Published: September 2011

Partnership working is critical to delivery across the public sector but can often feel frustrating and ineffectual for those involved. This article focuses on four areas crucial for effective partnership working: ensuring that there is a clear justification for the partnership; involving service users and communities in ways that are empowering and sustainable; developing good governance arrangements; and developing effective performance management arrangements. Throughout the article, the contrasting experiences of crime and disorder reduction partnerships (CDRPs) and youth offending teams (YOTs) are used to illustrate key points.
Personal safety provisions, services and training for service providers and users in Leicester city
Authors: Knight Victoria , Goodman Hannah
Published: September 2011

This article presents the findings of a survey into the personal safety provisions, services and training for key public service providers and users in Leicester city. The article offers some definitions and approaches to personal safety, which illustrates the breadth and extent to which personal safety is understood. The survey highlights perceptions and experiences of personal safety of workers from a range of agencies in the community in Leicester city. The findings suggest that personal safety is important in terms of debates and decisions about occupational health and safety, delivery of public services, diversity, social inclusion and crime and disorder. The article advocates the need to raise the profile of personal safety especially in service provision, services and training.
An evaluation of a police community support officer scheme
Authors: Miller Ralph
Published: September 2011

This article outlines the findings of an evaluation of the initial deployment of police community support officers in a county force. A public survey revealed strong support for the concept and indicated increased reassurance. There is potential for more involvement in policing tasks and organisational and management issues to be addressed.
How safe is Britain's Black community?
Authors: Kalunta‐Crumpton Anita
Published: September 2011

In political and academic discourses and policy and practical interventions, the notion of community safety as it applies to the Black community in its own right is seemingly marginalised. This paper aims to demonstrate that this situation in issues of Black community safety owes a great deal to the tradition of discursive, policy and practical portrayals of the Black community as the threat to the Other1 rather than the victim or potential victim of threat from the Other.
Some thoughts on the accountability of crime and disorder reduction partnerships and the police in response to the White Paper on police reform, Building Communities, Beating Crime
Authors: Loveday Barry
Published: September 2011

This article discusses the implications contained in the White Paper, Building Communities, Beating Crime (CM 6360:2004) for the accountability of crime and disorder reduction partnerships and police forces. More coherent mechanisms are proposed where basic command units and partnerships share the same boundaries.
Reducing misery and saving money ‐ how partners can make a difference in reducing the incidence of young runaways
Authors: Kirby Stuart , Middleham Neil
Published: September 2011

This article describes a practice initiative to reduce the incidence of young people running away from home or care. Such individuals are at risk of exploitation, offending and victimisation. The cost of dealing with runaways is also assessed. Partnership initiatives are described that achieved significant reductions in the number of running away incidents and cost savings.
Gate expectations: initial findings from a crime and disorder prevention initiative
Authors: Rogers Colin
Published: September 2011

The installation of gates to prevent access to alleys has become a common initiative to prevent burglary offences. This article outlines the findings of consultation with residents concerning such an installation. Residents' concerns centred on low‐level nuisances and incivilities, rather than burglaries, and saw the gates as a means of reducing such problems. These expectations may have consequences for the perceived success of the project.
No boundaries ‐ the anti‐social behaviour industry and young people
Authors: Pitts John
Published: September 2011

Anti‐social behaviour legislation has resulted in a growth of the administrative mechanisms to enforce it. New guidance has been issued recommending an incremental approach and the number of orders and interventions has increased. This article examines the criticisms and assumptions on the effectiveness of anti‐social behaviour orders in the context of recent and emerging research.
Community safety in practice — the importance of evaluation
Authors: Morton Sarah
Published: September 2011

In her regular column examining key issues facing community safety practitioners, Sarah Morton from Matrix Research and Consultancy considers evaluation.Everyone agrees that evaluation allows services to systematically investigate the effectiveness of interventions, determining their value, allowing for evidence‐informed decision‐making and increasing the accountability of such decisions.
Implementing Section 17 of the Crime and Disorder Act
Authors: Schuller Nina
Published: September 2011

Section 17 of the Crime and Disorder Act was intended to place issues of community safety at the centre of the delivery of local services. It implied a shift from a bureaucratic model to network governance. These objectives have not been achieved and the reasons include a lack of clarity in definition, inadequate resources, poor leadership and competing imperatives.
CCTV: does it work?
Authors: Gill Martin , Hemming Martin
Published: September 2011

This article summarises the findings from an evaluation of 14 research projects concerning the evaluation of CCTV schemes. It reports the effects on types of crime and suggests that effective management with realistic objectives are keys to successful implementation.
Drugs and alcohol — understanding the perceptions of young people
Authors: Duffin Michelle
Published: September 2011

This article summarises survey research amongst young people concerning their attitudes to alcohol, drugs and nicotine. It explores the origins of those attitudes and makes recommendations as to the means by which information sources may be improved.
Trying to make a silk purse from a sow's ear? A comment on the government's prostitution strategy
Authors: Melrose Margaret
Published: September 2011

The government published A Co‐ordinated Street Prostitution Strategy and Response to ‘Paying the Price’ in January 2006. In this article the proposals are critically assessed. It is argued that whilst there are some beneficial aspects, there is little new in the proposals that are based upon a long‐standing paradigm.
In search of a profession
Authors: Harding Simon
Published: September 2011

Simon Harding shares his opinions on the development and future of the community safety profession.
Hands on or hands off? Central government's role in managing CDRPs
Authors: Hough Mike
Published: September 2011

This paper examines some possible reasons for what the author sees as a tendency for underperformance in some crime and disorder reduction partnerships (CDRPs) ‐ across England and Wales.
Responding to anti‐social behaviour: reconciling topdown imperatives with bottom‐up emotions
Authors: Farrow Kathryn , Prior David
Published: September 2011

This article explores understandings of and responses to anti‐social behaviour (ASB) among members of a local authority specialist ASB unit, and the perceptions and experiences of local citizens whose complaints had been dealt with by that unit. It suggests that ASB officers operate in a ‘space’ between the demands of policy makers and the needs of residents and communities. Whilst complainant satisfaction is a key indicator of performance, the way this is achieved is more varied than a simple reliance on enforcement.
Responding to the unequal distribution of crime
Authors: Stone Lucy
Published: September 2011

In this article Lucy Stone discusses the uneven distribution of crime and concern about crime and how it is amplified by disadvantage. She suggests a new way of viewing the impact of crime and its role in compounding disadvantage.
Involving the community in crime and disorder reduction
Authors: Morton Sarah
Published: September 2011

In what will be a regular column examining key issues facing community safety practitioners, Sarah Morton from Matrix Research and Consultancy discusses community involvement in crime and disorder reduction.Everyone appears to agree that increased community involvement is important because it can help to reassure members of the public as well as increase intelligence information gained from them. A variety of approaches for community engagement are discussed including the roll out of safer neighbourhood teams, which are felt to offer an opportunity to increase community empowerment further.
The Independent Review of Crime Statistics
Authors: Fox Chris , Mackay Samantha , Hope Tim
Published: September 2011

This article summarises and discusses the main findings from a recently completed Independent Review of Crime Statistics. The Review focused upon the use of crime statistics and their fitness for purpose with particular attention paid to the needs of ‘the public’. The main conclusion was that the ongoing development of crime statistics is hampered by a confusion of means (technical discussions about crime statistics that focus on their interpretation and reliability) and ends (conceptual discussions about the purposes and interests of different groups in using crime statistics).
Crime and Disorder Act Review 2006: implementing the findings
Authors: Lusted Steve , Burns Michelle , Ramudo Oscar
Published: September 2011

This article concerns the implementation of the proposals from the Crime and Disorder Act Review. The Review focused on developments in policy and practice in crime and disorder reduction partnerships (CDRPs) and community safety partnerships (CSPs) since the introduction of the Crime and Disorder Act (1998). These developments, the recommendations promulgated by the Review and their implementation are all discussed.
Neighbourhood crime and anti‐social behaviour: the Audit Commission report
Authors: York Jeanette
Published: September 2011

This article explores the findings of the recent Audit Commission report. Crime and disorder reduction partnerships (CDRPs) need a sound understanding of what makes people safe in a particular area. The report identifies some positive achievements and ways in which agencies can improve further in the light of new policy developments in neighbourhood policing and community safety.
Sometimes, less is more
Authors: Pitts John
Published: September 2011

Drawing upon current research in Northamptonshire, this article argues that the assumption, implicit in recent UK youth justice legislation, that formal criminal justice interventions with early‐stage young offenders will have positive deterrent and rehabilitative effects does not appear to be borne out in practice. It contends that the use of informal diversionary strategies with, low‐level, early‐stage, young offenders may, in fact, have a more positive impact in terms of re‐conviction rates, averting the escalation of ‘deviant careers’, reducing criminal victimisation and cost savings. The article concludes with a discussion of the political and administrative barriers to the implementation of such strategies in English youth justice.
Older people, crime and justice
Authors: Schuller Nina
Published: September 2011

The creation of the Commission for Equality and Human Rights presents a real opportunity to re‐assess the impact of group stereotypes on social policy and service delivery. This paper consider possible impacts of ageist stereotypes of older people on community safety thinking and delivery, including perceptions of older people's levels of fear of crime, risk of victimisation, and offending behaviour. It also explores possible associations between inter‐generational relationships and anti‐social behaviour, and how elder abuse is positioned in comparison to other forms of abuse and domestic violence.
Regulating prostitution: Different problems, different solutions, same old story
Authors: Phoenix Jo
Published: September 2011

This article looks at three main models of intervention that have informed recent policy and practice with people involved in the sex trade. It reveals the inherent contradictions within attempts to both help and punish workers in the existing prostitution strategy.
The government's new prostitution strategy: A cheap fix for drug‐using sex workers?
Authors: Melrose Margaret
Published: September 2011

This article considers the recommendations to the government's public consultation exercise for drug‐using sex workers (Home Office, 2004). It argues that the ‘problem’ of drug use by sex workers cannot be separated from wider social problems experienced by this group, especially the problem of poverty. It suggests that the new prostitution strategy conflates drug use and sex work, reducing involvement in the latter to a problem of the former. Thus, other social problems experienced by these women, particularly the problems of poverty and social exclusion, are side‐stepped. By so doing, the government absolves itself of responsibility to tackle the underlying conditions that drive women and young people into prostitution and problematic drug use, leading me to argue that the new strategy offers a ‘cheap fix’ for drug‐using sex workers.
No room for a regulated market? The implications of the co‐ordinated prostitution strategy for the indoor sex industries
Authors: Sanders Teela
Published: September 2011

In the UK the indoor sexual marketplace of brothels, saunas and massage parlours has historically been left to manage itself, with limited regulation from policing agencies. This paper examines the current nature of the indoor sex markets in light of the Home Office's co‐ordinated prostitution strategy. It looks critically at the impact of ‘disrupting sex markets’, and examines the arguments for rejecting a system that regulates the indoor sex venues. It also discusses the proposal to change the law to enable ‘two (or three)’ women to work together indoors and plans to minimise exploitation through an action plan on trafficking and the implications for practitioners and policy are assessed.
Community safety, rights and recognition: Towards a co‐ordinated prostitution strategy?
Authors: O'Neill Maggie
Published: September 2011

This article argues that there are two main barriers preventing imagining and actioning an inclusive, holistic strategy for prostitution reform in the UK. It identifies five key tenets needed to improve the situations for men and women involved in selling sex. Findings from innovative research methods are used to explore how community safety may be improved.
Narrowing the welfare gap: Policing children and young people in the wake of Every Child Matters
Authors: Mortimore Judith
Published: September 2011

This article analyses policy changes in policing and child welfare and discusses the dilemmas faced by the police in respect of policing juveniles in a post‐Every Child Matters multi‐agency landscape. It will argue that in a climate where concern with social control appears to eclipse a concern with child welfare and a lack of clarity for the police and the increasing dependence on managerialistic processes, more children and young people may be drawn into the youth justice system.
An evaluation of a prolific offender project
Authors: Marlow Alan
Published: September 2011

This article reports the findings of an evaluation of a project that targeted prolific offenders where 101 adult prolific offenders were subject to a regime of intense supervision by probation officers and police officers. The target for the reduction in offending frequency was exceeded. The article also outlines the practice issues that arose during the project.
Citizen response policing: an evaluation of a local initiative
Authors: Marlow Alan , Miller Ralph , Pitts John
Published: September 2011

Locally based policing ‐ involving co‐operation with local residents and agencies, is a key requirement of the government's police reform agenda. This article reports the findings of an evaluation of one such initiative that involved residents in determining policing strategy on two urban housing estates. On one estate there were positive outcomes, but there was little change in the other. This appeared to be related to the range of skills possessed by the officers on the two sites.
Young victims of street crime in an East London borough
Authors: Porteous David , Chatwin Caroline , Martin Denise , Goodman Anthony
Published: September 2011

In 2007, seven young people were murdered in London alone, four of them under 16, so there is a pressing need to find out from young people about their experiences and fears in respect of crime as well as their views on how their personal safety can be enhanced. This article discusses the findings of a study of victimisation among young people in an East London borough. Although modest and not necessarily representative, the findings of this study are important because of the relative absence of research into children and young people as victims of crime.
Youth victimisation in a shire county
Authors: Turner Penny
Published: September 2011

This article presents the findings of a study of the victimisation of three cohorts of young people living in a county town in the East Midlands. Following a brief review of research into contemporary youth victimisation in the UK, it reports the findings of the study and discusses the reasons for variations in rates of victimisation between the three cohorts. It concludes with a discussion of the implications for professionals.
Is it really so different for girls? Challenging misconceptions about young offenders and aggression
Authors: Moore Marianne
Published: September 2011

Despite a tendency by criminologists and practitioners to deny female aggression and assume the inevitability of male aggression, this article, based on interviews with young men and women supervised by an inner London youth offending team, argues that both males and females experience and direct their aggression in similar ways. It contends that the finding of this study indicates that, among these young people, conceptions of appropriate gendered behaviour, and hence conceptions of masculinity and femininity, are continuously evolving.
Puzzled by problem solving?
Authors: Irving Barrie
Published: September 2011

Problem solving has been used within policing for almost 30 years but progress in developing problem solving has been slow and the outcomes mixed. In this article, Barrie Irving provides an overview of the debate on problem solving and argues that there has been too much emphasis on techniques and processes and not enough on the management of their implementation. He argues that the police operational culture and training seem to create a hostile environment for the development of problem solving. His recommendations for moving forward include trying to make the methodology fit the police culture it often operates in, rather than trying to make the culture fit the methodology. He also emphasises the need for more efficient human resource management.
Respect in the neighbourhood: neighbourliness and narratives of decline
Authors: Harris Kevin
Published: September 2011

The article argues that local social networks are crucial to addressing the perceived shortfall in ‘respect’ and civility. Meanings of ‘respect’ are explored and older people's narratives of the decline of neighbourliness are used to explore the sense that for many people ‘community’ has been lost. It is argued that policy and practice have a role to play in the reinvigoration of local social networks.
Action on gang crime: recent developments
Authors: Pitts John
Published: September 2011

John Pitts outlines recent developments on gang crime, including policy initiatives and regional and local projects.
Young people, police and dispersal powers
Authors: Crawford Adam , Lister Stuart
Published: September 2011

The Anti‐Social Behaviour Act (2003) gives police powers to designate areas as ‘dispersal zones’ for up to six months, where there is evidence of persistent antisocial behaviour. Findings from research into the use and impact of dispersal orders are presented and comparisons are drawn with the Scottish experience. A central message from the research is that where enforcement alone is the defining attribute of dispersal order implementation, the powers constitute a ‘sticking plaster’ over local problems, but invariably fail to address the wider causes of perceived antisocial behaviour.
Islamism, radicalisation and young people
Authors: Angel Harry
Published: September 2011

This paper, based on recent research undertaken in an East London borough, describes the changes in political, religious and cultural life that have contributed to a changed consciousness among some Muslim young people. It focuses on the history, the social processes and the organisations involved in what is sometimes called ‘radicalisation’, and concludes with some thoughts about how CDRPs might begin to work with Muslim young people to address these issues.
Tilley Award winners ‘MOPPIN’ up Dodge
Authors: Constabulary Lancashire
Published: September 2011

The Tilley Awards for Problem‐Oriented Policing ‘recognise and reward the most intelligent, courageous and effective approaches to dealing with the problems police encounter on the streets’ (Home Office website). They are open to the police and crime and disorder reduction partnerships. Entrants have to submit a description of their project and its achievements. This issue features an edited version of a winner's submission.
The government's new 10‐year drug strategy — a strategic tool or yet more spin?
Authors: Warburton Frank
Published: September 2011

Frank Warburton assesses the government's new 10‐year drug strategy. He takes as a benchmark the guidance given to crime and disorder reduction partnerships in Delivering Safer Communities. Against this benchmark he finds the strategy wanting in several areas. These include a lack of analysis, a limited evidence base and unclear targets. These failings are due, in part, to the strategy's attempts to address several different audiences and do several different jobs simultaneously.
Celebrating a decade of the Crime and Disorder Act? A personal view
Authors: Gilling Daniel
Published: September 2011

In this personal view of a decade of the Crime and Disorder Act (1998), Daniel Gilling argues that New Labour are to be congratulated for bringing about a radical reform in the landscape of local crime control. However, he is also critical of central government's high level of control over CDRP and local police business. His solution is a partnership approach built on stronger local accountability delivered through neighbourhood management structures and facilitated by CDRPs, with central government ‘speaking in a much quieter voice’.
Young people, policing and urban space: a case study of the Manchester Millennium Quarter
Authors: Massey Joanne
Published: September 2011

Newly created spaces are subject to surveillance and control due to the fact that ensuring that urban spaces are viewed as safe is one of the key priorities for regeneration agencies (Raco, 2003). One such space is the Millennium Quarter in Manchester, which comprises a number of public and private spaces, all of which are policed. This paper draws on data from interviews with various patrollers including a police officer, a private security guard and street wardens. All of these individuals expressed the view that the presence of youths was problematic. An important question here is: why are youths seen as problematic or threatening in such spaces? This question will be answered using the Millennium Quarter and its dominant users (teenagers) as an example.
A local authority perspective
Authors: Boland Leo , Kavanagh Steve
Published: September 2011

This article considers how recommendations from the Caulkins and Reuter paper in this edition could be implemented at a neighbourhood level. The authors, the Chief Executive and Police Borough Commander for the London Borough of Barnet draw on their experience in Barnet. They argue that crime is not just a police issue and that a harm‐reduction approach to enforcement fits in well with a multi‐agency response where the role of the local authority is critical and the approach is responsive to the needs of residents.
What do law enforcement strategies contribute to UK drug harm‐reduction?
Authors: Grieve John
Published: September 2011

Drawing on his personal experience as a police officer and a range of literature, the author applies Caulkins' and Reuter's paper in this edition to the UK experience. In particular he draws on the work of Goldstein, which places drug‐related crime into three categories: psychopharmacological, economic‐compulsive and systemic.
Girls around gangs
Authors: Firmin Carlene
Published: September 2011

This article considers the roles played and risks faced by girlfriends of gang members in the UK. It argues that if we are to address serious youth violence, both policy and practice has to account for the role that young women as well as young men play. At present, the male dominated account of gang violence threatens to delay long‐term progress in making change; work being conducted with women at grass roots levels needs to be supported and built upon if we are to progress with tackling gang and serious youth violence.
Neither war nor peace: a review of John Hagedorn's A World of Gangs
Authors: Pitts John
Published: September 2011

In this article John Pitts contrasts John Hegedorn's account of the proliferation of violent youth gangs with those of conventional gang scholars.
Gang‐related violence among young people of the Tamil refugee diaspora in London
Authors: Balasunderam Ahalya
Published: September 2011

The Tamil people, having been stripped of their social and political rights as Sri‐Lankan citizens, have little or no wealth, a lack of educational and employment opportunities, but unrestricted access to the culture of violence, which has developed during the course of the ethno‐political civil war. Upon fleeing this persecution, Tamil asylum seekers arrive in the UK with hopes of a better life. However, many are dispersed into inner‐city areas characterised by high crime rates and a concentration of social disadvantage. With few opportunities for upward social mobility, some young Tamils create an internecine subculture on the streets of London, designed to achieve respect and status by using violence as a social currency.
From reducing fear to improving community confidence — a change of emphasis for practitioners
Authors: Kirby Stuart , McPherson Ian
Published: September 2011

Although the ‘fear of crime’ has generated significant academic interest, the lack of clarity concerning definition, prevalence and concentration has generated difficulties for community safety practitioners when implementing operational initiatives. This article explores the experience of the Norfolk Constabulary, and shows how the positive concept of ‘improving public confidence’ allowed the organisation to more effectively design and implement community safety initiatives, to change public perception.
At the intersection: hate crime policy and practice in England and Wales
Authors: Perry Joanna
Published: September 2011

This article argues that while the hate crime model has accelerated criminal justice agencies' understanding of the importance of the victim‐centred approach to investigating and prosecuting hate crime, at the same time it risks oversimplifying the victim experience. Recent reports published by the Metropolitan Police Service and the Equality and Human Rights Commission suggest that the victim experience of hate crime is very complex, with a number of impacts and risks at the intersections of identity. The concept of intersectionality, as explained by Horvath and Kelly (2008), is applied to identify some improvements that can be made in criminal justice policy to better recognise and address ‘what is really going on’ for victims of hate crime.
Tackling violence against women — lessons for efforts to tackle other forms of targeted violence
Authors: Barclay Heather , Mulligan Diane
Published: September 2011

Efforts at tackling different forms of targeted violence may benefit from lessons generated from the longer‐standing work in tackling violence against women. These include the conceptualisation and articulation of targeted violence as a cause and consequence of inequality, and as a human rights issue. There is a need to develop effective coalitions and to make explicit the relevance and implications of targeted violence across all public services so that those affected receive the support they require. The importance of education and prevention is also highlighted. While such lessons can help reframe the issues and policies around targeted violence, they should not be transposed uncritically.