bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hormone-Calcium Interactions with the Plasma Membrane of Rat Liver Cells
Authors: Shlatz L. , Marinetti G. V.
Published: October 2006

The binding constants and the number of binding sites for insulin, glucagon, epinephrine, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, and calcium ions for the plasma membrane of rat liver were determined by Scatchard plots. The plots are biphasic or multiphasic, an indication of at least two types of binding sites for each ligand. At least three types of binding sites were found for insulin. In the concentration range of 10
-6
to 10
-8
molar, glucagon, epinephrine, and hydrocortisone increased calcium ion binding to the plasma membrane, whereas insulin decreased this binding. At hormone concentrations of 10
-6
to 10
-7
molar, glucagon was the most effective in increasing calcium binding, but at a hormone concentration of 10
-8
molar, hydrocortisone was the most effective in stimulating calcium binding. Adenosine triphosphate reversed the effect of insulin and inhibited the effect of the other hormones. These studies suggest a relation between hormones and calcium with respect to membrane structure and function.
Synergy of Ethanol and Putative Neurotransmitters: Glycine and Serine
Authors: Blum Kenneth , Wallace Jack E. , Geller Irving
Published: October 2006

The putative neurotransmitters, glycine and serine, significantly enhanced the sleeping time (loss of the righting reflex) that was induced by ethanol in mice. The observed synergistic effect between ethanol and the amino acids is probably not related to an alteration of ethanol metabolism, but rather to an interaction of these compounds in the central nervous system.
Identification of Triploid Genome by Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Uchida Irene A. , Lin C. C.
Published: October 2006

Fluorescence markers on chromosome numbers 3, 13, and 14 gave cytological evidence of the paternal origin of the extra haploid set in a premature triploid infant with XXY sex chromosome complement. The mother had discontinued the use of oral contraceptives 13 months prior to conception. It is not possible to tell whether the mechanism involved was fertilization by dispermy or by a diploid sperm.
Steelhead Migration: Potential Temperature Effects as Indicated by Gill Adenosine Triphosphatase Activities
Authors: Zaugg W. S. , Adams B. L. , McLain L. R.
Published: October 2006

Yearling steelhead trout held in fresh water at cold temperatures (6.5° or 10°C) showed an increase in gill microsomal Na
+
, K
+
-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase activity during parr-smolt transformation, whereas trout held in warm water (15° or 20°C) did not. Adenosine triphosphatase activity increased and other indications of transformation were observed in fish transferred from warm to cold water, whereas the reverse occurred on transfer from cold to warm water.
Induction of Benzo[α]pyrene Hydroxylase in Human Skin
Authors: Levin W. , Conney A. H. , Alvares A. P. , Merkatz I. , Kappas A.
Published: October 2006

Foreskins from children who were circumcised 2 to 4 days after birth contain an enzyme system that hydroxylates the carcinogen benzo[α]pyrene. When foreskin was cultured for 16 hours in the presence of 10 micromolar benz[α]anthracene, a two- to fivefold increase in activity of benzo[α]pyrene hydroxylase was obtained. An evaluation of the basal activity and inducibility of carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes in human tissues may provide a means of determining the ability of different individuals to metabolize carcinogens.
Avoidance Sessions as Aversive Events
Authors: Hineline Phillip N.
Published: October 2006

Rats living continuously in conditioning chambers were permitted to work for food before and after their daily avoidance sessions. The avoidance procedure disrupted this responding reinforced by food, a result that indicates conditioned suppression on a time scale much greater than that previously studied in nonhuman animals.
Iodine-125—Labeled Antibody to Viral Antigens: Binding to the Surface of Virus-Infected Cells
Authors: Hayashi Kozaburo , Rosenthal Joel , Notkins Abner Louis
Published: October 2006

The specific binding of iodine-125-labeled antibody to viral antigens can be used to detect newly synthesized viral antigens and determine the time of appearance of these antigens on the surface of infected cells. Incubation of infected cells with unlabeled antibody to viral antigens specifically blocks the attachment of labeled antibody, and by this inhibition technique the titer of unlabeled antibody to viral antigens can be calculated. The attachment of the labeled antibody to virus-infected cells offers an objective and sensitive method of detecting viral antigens and measuring antibody to virus.
Pregnancy Suppression by an Antiserum to the Sperm Specific Lactate Dehydrogenase
Authors: Goldberg Erwin , Lerum Jerrold
Published: October 2006

An antiserum induced against the isozyme of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH-X) that is unique to spermatozoa reduced significantly the number of pregnancies in mice treated at varying times after they had mated. This effect of the antiserum occurred both prior to and following implantation. The fecundity of treated animals appeared to be normal in subsequent matings.
Unilateral Increase of Auditory Sensitivity following Early Auditory Exposure
Authors: Henry Kenneth R.
Published: October 2006

A 30-second exposure (priming) to a loud noise induced a long-lasting susceptibility to audiogenic seizures and a 15-decibel decrease in threshold to the Preyer acoustic startle reflex in C57BL/6J mice. Both effects were absent when the subjects were primed in one ear and subsequently tested in the contralateral ear. It was postulated that the primary effect of priming is an increase in auditory sensitivity due to changes in the ear itself or in those parts of the auditory system which receive their input exclusively from one ear.
Synthetic Polypeptide Antagonists of the Hypothalamic Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Factor
Authors: Vale Wylie , Grant Geoffrey , Rivier Jean , Monahan Michael , Amoss Max , Blackwell Richard , Burgus Roger , Guillemin Roger
Published: October 2006

Two analogs of the hypothalamic luteinizing hormone releasing factor modified at the histidine-2 position were tested for biological activity (secretion of luteinizing hormone) in cultures of dispersed rat anterior pituitary cells. The analog in which glycine was substituted for histidine at position 2, [Gly
2
]LRF, behaves as a partial agonist releasing less than 50 percent of the luteinizing hormone secreted at maximum concentrations of the releasing factor, while the analog in which histidine at position 2 is deleted has no significant agonist activity at any of the doses tested. When added to the cultured cells at molar ratios 10
3
to 10
4
times that of the luteinizing hormone releasing factor, both analogs decrease the amount of luteinizing hormone secreted in response to the releasing factor.
Ascent of Sap in Trees
Authors: Plumb Robert C. , Bridgman Wilbur B.
Published: October 2006

Experimental results concerning the ascent of sap in the xylem are usually interpreted in terms of gradients of hydrostatic pressure in the xylem conduits. In this report an alternative model is proposed that is equally consistent with the experimental results: under static conditions the water column is supported by a gradient in the chemical activity of the water, and the hydrostatic pressure is constant throughout. Observations that support the new model are cited, and experiments are suggested that would permit a choice between the two models.
Possible Mechanism for the Antiarrhythmic Effect of Helium in Anesthetized Dogs
Authors: Raymond Lawrence , Weiskopf Richard B. , Halsey Michael J. , Goldfien Alan , Eger Edmond I. , Severinghaus John W.
Published: October 2006

Breathing a mixture of 75 percent helium and 25 percent oxygen instead of 75 percent nitrogen and 25 percent oxygen reduced the occurrence of dangerous cardiac arrhythmias after ligation of the circumflex coronary artery in open-chest dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital. In dogs not subjected to circumflex ligation, the sensitivity of blood pressure, heart rate, and extrasystoles to epinephrine injected intravenously was not altered by the substitution of helium for nitrogen; however, helium did reduce the baseline heart rate and the concentration of endogenous plasma catecholamines. The antiarrhythmic effect of helium may thus be mediated by changes in sympathetic activity.
Low Internal Conductivity of
Aplysia
Neuron Somata
Authors: Hovey Martin M. , Bak Anthony F. , Carpenter David O.
Published: October 2006

The internal conductivity of
Aplysia
neuron somata was measured by passing constant current pulses across a calibrated four-electrode array. The intracellular medium is less than one-tenth as conductive as seawater. The low conductivity probably results from structured cell water since ions are present in quantity and do not appear to be bound.
Immunological Studies on Urinary Bladder Tumors of Rats and Mice
Authors: Taranger L. A. , Chapman W. H. , Hellström I. , Hellström K. E.
Published: October 2006

Human neoplasms derived from the same tissue have been previously shown to have tumor associated antigens characterizing that tissue type. Evidence is now presented for the existence of analogous antigens common to both rat bladder papillomas and carcinomas, and for antigens common to mouse bladder carcinomas. Rats immunized with syngeneic urinary bladder papillomas, then challenged with a methylcholanthrene pellet inserted into the bladder, develop (4 to 6 months later) fewer primary bladder tumors than rats immunized with normal bladder tissue.
Tumor Etiology and Chromosome Pattern
Authors: Mitelman Felix , Mark Joachim , Levan Göran , Levan Albert
Published: October 2006

Fibrosarcomas induced in Chinese hamsters and rats by Rous sarcoma virus and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene are associated with nonrandom chromosome variation. Although histologically indistinguishable, the tumors induced by the virus or chemical in each host species are characterized by completely different karyotypic patterns.
Cardiac Change as a Function of Attention to and Awareness of Continuous Verbal Text
Authors: Spence D. P. , Lugo M. , Youdin R.
Published: October 2006

A 17-minute passage taken from a patient's talking in a psychoanalytic interview was played to 40 subjects, including trained therapists, therapists in training, and inexperienced undergraduates. Subjects were alerted to the organizing theme (termination of the patient's treatment) and asked to attend to direct and indirect references to this theme. Tonic heart rate, averaged over 30-second periods, was lower when clues were present on the tape than during control periods when clues were not present. Profiles of phasic heart rate were drawn for 11-second periods that overlapped the end of each clue and control passage. Profiles associated with clues were significantly lower than profiles for control passages; profiles for recalled and recognized clues showed a wave form distinct from that of profiles associated with unrecognized clues.
Early Thai Bronze: Analysis and New Dates
Authors: Bayard D. T.
Published: October 2006

Electron probe analysis of the earliest metal found at the northeastern Thailand site of Non Nok Tha indicates that it is a bronze containing 4 to 6 percent tin. Recent thermoluminescence dates substantiate the presence of a well-developed bronze technology prior to 2300 B.C. and suggest a date of about 2700 to 2500 B.C. for the first appearance of bronze at the site.
Mixed Function Oxidase and Ethanol Metabolism in Perfused Rat Liver
Authors: Hassinen Ilmo E. , Ylikahri Reino H.
Published: October 2006

Oxidation-reduction changes of cytochrome P-450 and oxygen consumption were measured in isolated perfused livers from normal and phenobarbital-treated rats. Phenobarbital treatment markedly increased the aminopyrine-induced reduction of cytochrome P-450, but ethanol did not cause any redox changes of this cytochrome. It was concluded that the microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system has an insignificant role in the metabolism of ethanol in intact liver.
Retina: Ultrastructural Alterations Produced by Extremely Low Levels of Coherent Radiation
Authors: Adams Dolph O. , Beatrice Edwin S. , Bedell R. Bruce
Published: October 2006

The effect of low levels of coherent radiation on the eye is not fully established, but is generally presumed to be noninjurious. Irradiation of the retina with a Q-switched ruby laser emitting low amounts of energy (0.1 percent probability of creating damage) consistently produces ultrastructural alterations in rods and cones. Outer segments of these cells are broken and disorganized and their lamellae are in disarray 1 day after such irradiation.
Petrified Peat from a Paleocene Lignite in North Dakota
Authors: Ting Francis T. C.
Published: October 2006

The first discovery of a silicified peat in a Paleocene lignite is reported from western North Dakota. The state of preservation of plant structures is comparable to that of Carboniferous coal balls. A sampling of anatomical details is illustrated.
Sex Pheromone of the Codling Moth: Structure and Synthesis
Authors: McDonough Leslie M. , George Donald A. , Butt B. A. , Ruth John M. , Hill Kenneth R.
Published: October 2006

The structure of a sex pheromone of the codling moth.
Laspeyresia pomonella
(L.), has been determined by spectrometric and chemical degradative techniques and by synthesis to be (2
Z
, 6
E
)-7-methyl-3-propyl-2,6-decadien-1-ol. In field cage tests the synthesized sex pheromone was as attractive as the natural, but neither was as attractive as ten virgin females per trap.
Oligothymidylates: Formation by Thermal Condensation of
O
2
,5′-Cyclothymidine 3′-Phosphate
Authors: Nagyvary Joseph , Nagpal K. L.
Published: October 2006

Thermal activation of O
2
,5′-cyclothymidine 3′-phosphate in solution and in the solid state led to the formation of thymidine oligonucleotides containing up to approximately 12 nucleotide units. Only the 3′,5′ internucleotide diester bonds were formed. This polymerization occurs without the addition of any activating agent or catalyst.
Anemic Stress as a Trigger of Myelogenous Leukemia in the Unirradiated RF Mouse
Authors: Gong Joseph K. , Braunschweiger Paul G. , Glomski Chester A.
Published: October 2006

Ninety-six percent of mice that were bled of 50 percent of their blood volume when they were 9 weeks old succumbed to myelogenous leukemia by 15 months after phlebotomy, the majority of them dying between 7 and 10 months after this treatment. These results suggest that (i) anemia is an effective stress for triggering myelogenous leukemia in animals that are predisposed to the disease, (ii) the RF mouse is "naturally" prone to the development of myelogenous leukemia, and (iii) the concept of two-step de novo induction of myelogenous leukemia appears to be applicable in this animal.
Terminal Saccharides on Sperm Plasma Membranes: Identification by Specific Agglutinins
Authors: Nicolson Garth L. , Yanagimachi Ryuzo
Published: October 2006

Six specific agglutinins were used to identify the terminal sugar residues in the surface oligosaccharides of rabbit and hamster spermatozoa by specific agglutination. Species differences in epididymal sperm were found in the terminal residues, resembling α-D-mannose, D-galactose,
N
-acetyl-D-glucosamine, and
N
-acetyl-D-galactosamine. Species similarities were found in terminal residues, resembling L-fucose and
N
-acetylneuraminic acid. When ejaculated rabbit sperm were compared to epididymal sperm, the latter were more agglutinable with a specific agglutinin recognizing
N
-acetyl-D-glucosamine.
Cytochalasin B Prevents Specific Sorting of Reaggregating Embryonic Cells
Authors: Maslow D. E. , Mayhew E.
Published: October 2006

The effect of cytochalasin B on specific sorting during reaggregation of embryonic chick heart and neural retina cells was studied. At a dose that did not measurably affect uptake of precursors of protein and RNA synthesis, ratios of potassium to sodium ions, and nonspecific aggregation, cytochalasin B disrupted the formation of the characteristic pattern of islands of heart cells within a retinal continuum.
Multiplexing Ultrasonic Wave Fronts by Holography
Authors: Greguss Pal , Caulfield H. J.
Published: October 2006

Easily viewable, three-dimensional images have been produced from information derived from the passage of sound through the head of a living human subject. In this technique a new form of holographic multiplexing is used to construct the three-dimensional image from two-dimensional ultrasonic B-scans taken in many separated planes.
Rapid Immunological Induction of Murine Lymphomas: Evidence for a Viral Etiology
Authors: Cornelius Eugene A.
Published: October 2006

A graft-versus-host reaction induced in (SJL/J × C57BL/1)F
1
hybrid mice by injection of SJL/J spleen cells resulted in 100 percent incidence of tumors at 40 days. Transplantation studies revealed that the tumors were antigenically C57BL/1. Since both SJL/J and C57BL/1 mice carry tumorigenic virus, the evidence suggests a viral etiology.
Fabry's Disease: Differentiation between Two Forms of α-Galactosidase by Myoinositol
Authors: Crawhall John C. , Banfalvi Marianne
Published: October 2006

Myoinositol appears to be a competitive inhibitor of α-galactosidase activity in fibroblasts of normal human skin but not of the residual α-galactosidase activity of fibroblasts obtained from patients with Fabry's disease. It is suggested that normal fibroblasts contain two α-galactosidases, only one of which is present in cells from patients with Fabry's disease, and that these enzymes can be distinguished by their different Michaelis constants, rates of heat inactivation, and responses to the inhibitor myoinositol.
Retrieval Failure Induced by Electroconvulsive Shock: Reversal with Dissimilar Training and Recovery Agents
Authors: Springer Alan D. , Miller Ralph R.
Published: October 2006

Amnesia was obtained following electroconvulsive shock in rats trained at one-trial passive avoidance of immersion in ice water. Avoidance behavior was restored when noncontingent foot shock was administered outside the training apparatus. The qualitative differences between ice water and foot shock demonstrate that the agent inducing recovery of memory need not be physically similar to the reinforcer used during training. These findings are interpreted as supporting a retrieval failure view of experimental amnesia.
Cholesterol Solubility in Lecithin-Bile Salt Systems
Authors: Mufson Daniel , Meksuwan Krisna , Zarembo John E. , Ravin Louis J.
Published: October 2006

The method of sample preparation can markedly influence the rate of dissolution and attainment of supersaturated states of cholesterol. The equilibrium solubility of cholesterol, studied as a function of its physical state in a model bile system, is almost half that of previously accepted values. Slow attainment of the equilibrium state may have acted to bias previous studies. Extrapolation of our data to the clinical situation reveals that many persons considered normal by present standards actually possess bile that is supersaturated with respect to cholesterol and are thus potential gallstone formers.
Field and Vegetable Crop Mutants with Increased Resistance to Herbicides
Authors: Pinthus Moshe J. , Eshel Yaacov , Shchori Yalon
Published: October 2006

Wheat mutants with increased seedling resistance to terbutryn (2-
tert
-butylamino-4-ethylamino-6-methylthio-s-triazine) and tomato mutants with increased resistance to diphenamid (
N
,
N
-dimethyl-2,2-diphenylacetamide) were selected by the experimenters out of populations grown from seeds treated with ethyl methanesulfonate. Induced mutations may thus provide a tool for breeding crop cultivars with increased resistance to certain herbicides.
Genetic Determination of Phenotypic Variation in Sickle Cell Trait
Authors: Nance Walter E. , Grove John
Published: October 2006

Two genetic sources of variation influence the percentage of sickle cell hemoglobin found in heterozygotes. One factor is strongly related to the percentage of hemoglobin S in the carrier parent and appears to be determined by sickle hemoglobin isoalleles, whereas the other is related to racial background and may well be polygenic.
Silver-Foil Psychrometer for Measuring Leaf Water Potential in situ
Authors: Hoffman G. J. , Rawlins S. L.
Published: October 2006

The water potential of leaves in situ can be measured without temperature control with a miniature, single-junction psychrometer constructed from silver foil and attached to the leaf with a silver-impregnated, conductive coating. The temperature of the psychrometer has been found to stay within 0.025°C of the temperature of a simulated leaf when the latter temperature was changing at a rate of 1°C per minute. Leaf water potentials can be measured with a precision of ± 1 bar, or better.
Turbidity Trends at Tucson, Arizona
Authors: Heidel Karen
Published: October 2006

Variations in atmospheric turbidity at Tucson, Arizona, since 1956 are similar to those at Mauna Loa in Hawaii, especially before January 1970. The turbidity at both locations increased markedly in 1963 after the Bali eruption. Since January 1970, the turbidity has returned to its pre-1963 level at Mauna Loa, but has remained relatively high at Tucson.
Genetic Meaning of Zooecial Chamber Shapes in Fossil Bryozoans: Fourier Analysis
Authors: Anstey Robert L. , Delmet Dale A.
Published: October 2006

Fourier harmonic amplitudes quantitatively characterize chamber shapes of fossil tubular bryozoans. The odd-numbered harmonics, particularly the seventh, carry evolutionary information. The phenotypically plastic second and sixth harmonics measure zooecial orientation and packing, respectively. As a measure of crowding, the sixth harmonic reflects mechanistic growth response to paleoenvironmental conditions.
Type C RNA Tumor Viruses as Determinants of Chemical Carcinogenesis: Effects of Sequence of Treatment
Authors: Price Paul J. , Suk William A. , Freeman Aaron E.
Published: October 2006

Fischer rat embryo cells were treated with 3-methylcholanthrene before or after inoculation with Rauscher murine leukemia virus. Transformation was not observed in untreated control cultures, cultures given virus or 3-methylcholanthrene alone, or cultures treated first with 3-methylcholanthrene followed by inoculation with the virus after removal of the chemical. Transformation was dependent upon the presence of Rauscher murine leukemia virus at the time of chemical treatment.
Satellite Radiation Measurements and Clear Air Turbulence Probability
Authors: Woods James A.
Published: October 2006

Radiance gradients determined from data gathered by the infrared spectrometers aboard the Nimbus III and Nimbus IV satellites were related to the probabilities of clear air turbulence, as inferred from regular pilot reports. Such radiance gradients represent rather large-scale vertical wind shear. Clear air turbulence is least likely in regions where the radiance gradient is small. The results of this exploratory study show that satellite data can be used to design flight paths so that the probability of encountering clear air turbulence is extremely small.
Antigen Solubilized from Human Leukemia: Lymphocyte Stimulation
Authors: Gutterman Jordan U. , Mavligit Giora , McCredie Kenneth B. , Bodey Gerald P. , Freireich Emil J. , Hersh Evan M.
Published: October 2006

Soluble antigen was extracted with hypertonic (3 molar) potassium chloride from the malignant cells of seven patients with acute leukemia. The antigen and leukemia cells were used to stimulate autologous patients' and allogeneic normal donors' lymphocytes in mixed lymphocyte cultures. The lymphocytes of six patients showed significant blastogenic responses to autologous antigen. In contrast, the lymphocytes of only one of seven normal donors responded to the soluble antigens. Both patients' and normal subjects' lymphocytes responded to the intact leukemia cells. The use of these antigens should facilitate the study of specific tumor immunity in human leukemia.
Magnetic Dynamo in the Moon: A Comparison with the Earth
Authors: Levy Eugene H.
Published: October 2006

The assumption that the moon had an internal magnetic field produced in the same way as the geomagnetic field requires that the moon rotated faster than the angular velocity at which it would break up. This suggests that a lunar dynamo is not a tenable explanation for the magnetic remanence observed on the moon.
Human-Mouse Cell Hybrids: A Suggestion of Structural Mutation for Dipeptidase-2 Deficiency in Mouse Cells
Authors: Shows Thomas B. , May Joan , Haley Linda
Published: October 2006

The dipeptidase-2 enzyme is inactive in certain cultured cell lines from the mouse. In somatic cell hybrids between such deficient cells and diploid human fibroblasts, the mouse deficiency was complemented when the homologous human peptidase-A was retained. The results suggested that the murine peptidase deficiency was the result of a structural mutation, rather than a regulatory one.
Self-Stimulation in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus
Authors: Ball Gordon G.
Published: October 2006

Male Sprague-Dawley rats pressed a bar for electrical stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamus. The threshold for such behavior correlated positively with the threshold to stop feeding and the threshold to escape from prolonged stimulation at the same electrode site. The results again open the question of the role that the ventromedial area is playing in positively reinforcing and punishment systems.
Polychlorinated Biphenyls: Metabolic Behavior of Pure Isomers in Pigeons, Rats, and Brook Trout
Authors: Hutzinger O. , Nash D. M. , Safe S. , DeFreitas A. S. W. , Norstrom R. J. , Wildish D. J. , Zitko V.
Published: October 2006

The metabolic behavior of pure mono-, di-, tetra-, and hexachlorobiphenyl isomers in pigeons, rats, and brook trout was investigated. Excreta from these animals were extracted and examined by chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques. The results showed conversion of the 4-chloro-, 4,4′-dichloro-, and 2,2′,5,5′-tetrachlorobiphenyl isomers into monohydroxylated derivatives by the rat and pigeon whereas no hydroxymetabolites were detected in the excreta of the brook trout. No hydroxylated products of 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl were detected in the excreta of pigeons, rats, or brook trout.
Adaptation of the Adrenal Medulla: Sustained Increase in Choline Acetyltransferase by Psychosocial Stimulation
Authors: Goldberg Alan M. , Welch Bruce L.
Published: October 2006

Sustained increases were produced in adrenal choline acetyltransferase of individually caged mice by placing them into groups for 10 or 15 minutes daily for 7 to 10 days. They were left undisturbed in their individual cages for the remainder of each day. As in previous experiments of similar design, adrenal catecholamines and adrenal weight were also increased, although body weight was not affected.
Detergent Effects on a Reverse Transcriptase Activity and on Inhibition by Rifamycin Derivatives
Authors: Thompson Frances M. , Libertini Louis J. , Joss Urs R. , Calvin Melvin
Published: October 2006

A reverse transcriptase activity, extracted from virus-transformed cells, is activated by very low concentrations of nonionic detergents. These same detergents also significantly reduce the effectiveness of certain rifamycin derivatives as inhibitors of the polymerase activity when the detergents are present at micelle-forming concentrations.
Breeding Cycle of the Flea
Cediopsylla simplex
Is Controlled by Breeding Cycle of Host
Authors: Rothschild Miriam , Ford Bob
Published: October 2006

Maturation of female
Cediopsylla simplex
takes place on the pregnant rabbit and nestlings but not on the estrous doe. If matured fleas are transferred to the estrous doe their ovaries are resorbed.
Cholesterol Dissolution Rate in Micellar Bile Acid Solutions: Retarding Effect of Added Lecithin
Authors: Higuchi William I. , Prakongpan Sompol , Surpuriya Vijay , Young Fudah
Published: October 2006

In vitro studies on the dissolution rate of cholesterol monohydrate crystals in micellar bile acid solutions showed that the addition of lecithin decreases the dissolution rate even though lecithin increases the equilibrium solubility of cholesterol in these solutions. The reduction in rates caused by lecithin was attributed to a large crystal-solution interfacial barrier. An effective permeability coefficient for the interfacial barrier was calculated to be around 1.5 × 10
-5
centimeter per second for the transport of cholesterol molecules.
Curare and Pancuronium Compared: Effects on Previously Undepressed Mammalian Myoneural Junctions
Authors: Galindo Annibal
Published: October 2006

Curare and pancuronium have multiple effects on previously undepressed rat diaphragm; these include depression of transmitter output and prolongation of the refractory period of prejunctional structures. The effect of curare on motor nerve terminals is greater than that of pancuronium. Both drugs depress postjunctional receptors; but curare, in addition, raises the threshold for the generation of muscle action potentials. In addition, these results raise questions about the validity of statistical methods used to calculate transmitter output.
Motility of Macrogamonts of
Eimeria magna
(Coccidia) in Cell Culture
Authors: Speer Clarence A. , Hammond Datus M.
Published: October 2006

Amoeboid movement of spheroid or ovoid immature or mature macrogamonts within cultured Madin-Darby bovine cells usually began with the formation of a pseudopodium-like protrusion at the margin of the gamont. The protrusion enlarged as the gamont cytoplasm and nucleus moved into the protruded area. During movement, macrogamonts had an elongate shape. The body of the gamont was constricted as it moved through the cell cytoplasm or from one cell to an adjacent one. After movement had ceased, the gamont resumed its ovoid or spheroidal shape.
Hemoglobin Concentration in Normal Diploid and Intersex Triploid Chickens: Genetic Inactivation or Canalization?
Authors: Abdel-Hameed Fathi
Published: October 2006

Of 19 adult intersex chickens examined, 17 were triploid animals with ZZW sex chromosomes. Triploid erythrocytes were about 1.5 times the size of diploid erythrocytes, and were present in amounts that were about two-thirds the number of diploid erythrocytes. Both diploid and triploid animals had similar hematocrits and hemoglobin concentrations. Triploidy is reflected in a relative increase in RNA, as well as in DNA, per erythrocyte. This, in addition to the trisomic mode of inheritance observed in several genetically distinct loci determining isoantigens, indicates that all three sets of chromosomes in the triploid animals are genetically active. Apparently, there is a homeostatic mechanism maintaining the concentration of hemoglobin for the species in spite of triploidy and its effect on erythrocyte size.
Bone Marrow-Derived Lymphoid Cells (B Cells): Functional Depletion with Cobra Factor and Fresh Serum
Authors: Levy Nelson L. , Scott David W. , Snyderman Ralph
Published: October 2006

Treatment of rat spleen cells with cobra factor and fresh rat serum provided a simple, rapid means of functionally eliminating complement receptor lymphocytes. Cells able to differentiate into plaque-forming cells in a syngeneic, irradiated host were diminished, but cells able to induce a graft-versus-host reaction were not diminished. There was no effect on plaque-forming cells from an immune spleen.
Thymus-Dependent and Thymus-Independent Lymphocyte Separation: Relation to Exposed Sialic Acid on Cell Surface
Authors: Nordling Stig , Andersson Leif C. , Häyry Pekka
Published: October 2006

On preparative cell electrophoresis mouse lymph node lymphocytes separate into fast-moving (T, thymus-dependent) and slow-moving (B, thymus-independent) fractions. After treatment with neuraminidase all lymphocytes move as one very slow fraction, indicating that the difference in the mobility of the two kinds of cells is due to differences in the density of exposed sialic acid on their surfaces.
Centric Fusion and Trisomy for the LDH-B Locus in Brook Trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Authors: Davisson Muriel Trask , Wright J. E. , Atherton Louisa M.
Published: October 2006

Cytogenetic analyses showed that a trisomic male brook trout of genotype
BB'B''
for one of the lactate dehydrogenase subunit loci had a karyotype with two extra arms appearing as a metacentric chromosome. The metacentric chromosome probably arose through centric fusion of two acrocentric or telocentric chromosomes—one of which carried the locus for subunit B—followed by nondisjunction.
Type C Virus from Cell Cultures of Chemically Induced Rat Hepatomas
Authors: Weinstein I. Bernard , Gebert Ronald , Stadler Ulrike C. , Orenstein Jan M. , Axel Richard
Published: October 2006

Type C RNA viruses are present in cell cultures from transplantable and primary hepatomas induced by aromatic amine carcinogens. Virus yield was markedly enhanced by treating the cells with bromodeoxyuridine. Preparations of rat hepatoma-associated virus obtained from cultures treated with this compound were deficient in DNA polymerase activity.
Adrenergic and Cholinergic Innervation of the Hamster Harderian Gland
Authors: Norvell John E. , Clabough Jeanne W.
Published: October 2006

Examination of Harderian glands of adult male and female golden hamsters by appropriate histochemical techniques reveals that adrenergic nerves are associated only with the blood vessels. Acetylcholinesterase-positive fibers are present in the connective tissue surrounding the gland, along the ducts, and among the acini.
Circadian Corticosteroid Periodicity: Critical Period for Abolition by Neonatal Injection of Corticosteroid
Authors: Krieger Dorothy T.
Published: October 2006

Circadian variation of corticosteroid concentrations in rat plasma is suppressed if corticosteroids are administered between days 2 to 4 of neonatal life, but not if they are given between days 12 to 14 of neonatal life. This indicates a critical period for the effect of corticosteroid administration on the central nervous system pathways regulating such periodicity. Circadian periodicity of corticosteroids is not affected by neonatal administration of testosterone or reserpine.
Isospin in Nuclei
Authors: Robson D.
Published: October 2006

The major feature of isospin in nuclei that I have discussed here is its application to all nuclei. The rebirth of this quantum number in nuclear physics occurred in the early 1960's and was initiated almost entirely by the important work of Anderson
et al.
and Fox
et al.
. There is still great interest in the use of isospin in its fullest sense as predicted by Wigner, and indeed isospin concepts have been largely responsible for demonstrating that nuclei in the doubly "magic number" region of
208
Pb are remarkably in agreement with shell model theory.

The early experiments have also initiated a whole new set of more sophisticated experiments (some of which I have briefly alluded to above) which promise to keep many physicists busy for a long time to come. A particularly interesting series of experiments are those being performed at Duke University with high-resolution proton beams. This work shows the highly detailed nature of analogue resonances, that is, as coherent superpositions of many complicated compound states yielding a beautifully modulated wave train, the modulation being observed only in conventional experiments with poor-resolution proton beams. Similarly, nuclear theorists have been led to vastly improve their interpretation of, and computational techniques for, both nuclear reactions and nuclear structure in order to meet the more stringent tests provided by such experiments.

Perhaps a lesson can be learned from the historical development of the isospin concept. In the past the belief that T ⋅ T would not significantly commute with the dynamical Hamiltonian so that isospin would not be conserved sufficiently well enough certainly delayed the nuclear travels of isospin into the realm of heavy nuclei. Hopefully the same mistake will not occur in the future for other approximate symmetries of nature.
Automatic Screening of Biological Specimens by Optical Correlation
Authors: Bond R. L. , Mazumder M. K. , Testerman M. K. , Hsieh D.
Published: October 2006

An optical analog correlation technique was used to detect morphologic abnormalities in rat liver cells. The method employs an optical matched filter for correlating a test pathological specimen with a control specimen. Experimental results show appreciable promise that such an optical correlator can be employed as a tool for rapid mass screening of a variety of pathological specimens.
Fate of the Nucleus of the Marrow Erythroblast
Authors: Tavassoli Mehdi , Crosby William H.
Published: October 2006

Nucleated red cells lose their nuclei during passage through the endothelium of marrow sinuses. The passage occurs through cytoplasmic pores which are not gaps at the junction of two endothelial cells but perforations within the endothelium. Enucleation occurs because the pores are of relatively fixed size. Whereas the cytoplasm is flexible and squeezes through the pore, the nucleus is rigid and cannot conform to the pore size. It is, thus, caught, and the red cell becomes enucleated.
Venus: New Microwave Measurements Show No Atmospheric Water Vapor
Authors: Janssen Michael A. , Hills Richard E. , Thornton Douglas D. , Welch William J.
Published: October 2006

Two sets of passive radio observations of Venus—measurements of the spectrum of the disk temperature near the 1-centimeter wavelength, and interferometric measurements of the planetary limb darkening at the 1.35-centimeter water vapor resonance—show no evidence of water vapor in the lower atmosphere of Venus. The upper limit of 2 × 10
-3
for the mixing ratio of water vapor is substantially less than the amounts derived from the Venera space probes (0.5 × 10
-2
to 2.5 × 10
-2
). This amount of water vapor cannot produce dense clouds, and it is doubtful that it may contribute significantly to a greenhouse effect.
DNA Content and DNA-Based Centromeric Index of the 24 Human Chromosomes
Authors: Mendelsohn Mortimer L. , Mayall Brian H. , Bogart Elliot , Moore Dan H. , Perry Benson H.
Published: October 2006

The chromosomes of two human males were identified by fluorescent banding, restained, and measured by scanning microscopy and computer analysis. The two variables, DNA content and DNA-based centromeric index, provided almost complete discrimination of chromosome types. Some chromosomes showed significant differences in DNA content between the men, and for one man two pairs of chromosomes showed significant differences between homologs.
Oxygen Dissociation in Human Erythrocytes: Its Response to Hyperbaric Environments
Authors: Kiesow L. A. , Bless J. W. , Shelton J. B.
Published: October 2006

Hyperbaric nitrogen at a pressure of 100 atmospheres increases significantly the affinity of erythrocytic hemoglobin for oxygen. This results in oxygen dissociation curves which are shifted to lower than normal oxygen partial pressures. The pressure effect is completely reversible and can therefore be observed only during exposure of the blood cells to the hyperbaric gas.
Increased Sarcoma Virus RNA in Cells Transformed by Leukemia Viruses: Model for Leukemogenesis
Authors: Peebles Paul T. , Scolnick Edward M. , Howk Richard S.
Published: October 2006

A morphologically flat revertant of mink cells nonproductively infected with Moloney sarcoma virus exhibited contact inhibition and lacked detectable sarcoma virus RNA. Superinfection by usually nontransforming type C mammalian leukemia-causing viruses induced transformation and increased sarcoma virus RNA. The results suggest a model for leukemogenesis in animals by increasing, during replication of usually nontransforming leukemia viruses, the levels of RNA from potentially oncogenic cell or integrated virus transforming genes.
Immunologic Manipulation of Metastases due to Herpesvirus Transformed Cells
Authors: Duff Ronald , Doller Elizabeth , Rapp Fred
Published: October 2006

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), type 2 (HSV-2), and simian virus 40 (SV40) fail to induce immunity in weanling Syrian hamsters to transplant of hamster cells transformed by HSV-2. However, the development of metastatic tumors is markedly enhanced by prior immunization with HSV-1. Immunization with SV40, ultraviolet-irradiated tumor cells, or ultraviolet-irradiated normal hamster embryo cells inhibits the development of metastases. The HSV-hamster system appears a good one for the study of development, prevention, and control of metastases by mammalian cells transformed by a common human virus.
Cotton Remains from Archeological Sites in Central Coastal Peru
Authors: Stephens S. G. , Moseley M. Edward
Published: October 2006

Cotton remains from four archeological sites in central coastal Peru, representing a time sequence from about 2500 to 1000 B.C., were compared with similar materials obtained from living wild and cultivated forms of
Gossypium barbadense
L. The comparison revealed that the archeological cotton samples were primitive forms of
Gossypium barbadense
, differing little from present-day wild forms of the same species. Although not the earliest cottons recorded for the New World, they appear to represent the earliest stages of cotton domestication yet recorded.
Permian Ammonoid
Cyclolobus
from the Zewan Formation, Guryul Ravine, Kashmir
Authors: Furnish W. M. , Glenister Brian F. , Nakazawa Keiji , Kapoor Hari Mohan
Published: October 2006

Ammonoid cephalopods serve significantly as a basis for correlation of strata near the boundary between the Paleozoic and Mesozoic Erathems. This is a report of the diagnostically Late Permian (uppermost Paleozoic) ammonoid
Cyclolobus walkeri
(Diener, 1903) from the Zewan Formation 20 meters below the Permian-Triassic contact at the classic section in Guryul Ravine, Srinagar region, Kashmir.
Natural Abundance Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Human Serum Lipoproteins
Authors: Hamilton James A. , Talkowski Charles , Williams Eliot , Avila Elba Marina , Allerhand Adam , Cordes Eugene H. , Camejo German
Published: October 2006

Human serum lipoproteins have been studied by Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance of carbon-13 in natural abundance. Spectra of high-density, low-density, and very-low-density lipoproteins were recorded and partly assigned. The prominent features of these spectra reflect the qualitative and quantitative composition of the lipid moiety of these complexes. The results suggest that carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance will be a useful technique for studies of the structural and dynamic parameters of lipoproteins.
Milk Carbohydrates of the Echidna and the Platypus
Authors: Messer Michael , Kerry Knowles R.
Published: October 2006

The principal neutral carbohydrate of three samples of echidna milk was identified as a trisaccharide, fucosyllactose. That of a sample of platypus milk was a tetrasaccharide, difucosyllactose. Free lactose was found in small amounts only. The milk carbohydrate of monotremes is distinguished from that of both marsupials and placental mammals by its high fucose content.
Hepatitis B Virus Antigen: Validation and Immunologic Characterization of Low-Titer Serums with
125
I-Antibody
Authors: Ling C. M. , Irace H. , Decker R. , Overby L. R.
Published: October 2006

Radioimmunoassay was used to determine the serologic subspecificities of 85 blood donor serums positive for hepatitis B virus-associated antigen. There was complete agreement with results obtained by immunoprecipitation of 43 serums. The remaining 42 serums were negative by immunoprecipitation but followed type-specific immunology by radioimmunoassay, and this served as a validation for authentic hepatitis B virus antigen.
Activation of Hemoglobin C Synthesis in Sheep Marrow Culture
Authors: Adamson John W. , Stamatoyannopoulos George
Published: October 2006

Erythropoietin preferentially stimulates hemoglobin C synthesis in suspension cultures of marrow cells from sheep homozygous for hemoglobin A; the amount of synthesis is dependent on the dose of erythropoietin and is blocked by antiserum to erythropoietin. The results provide the first in vitro evidence that erythropoietin mediates the hemoglobin A → C "switch" in sheep and indicate that bone marrow cultures may be used to investigate the mechanisms involved in the preferential gene activation characteristic of the hemoglobin A → C system.
Acetylcholine: Fast Axoplasmic Transport in Insect Chemoreceptor Fibers
Authors: Schafer Rollie
Published: October 2006

Acetylcholine is transported along insect chemoreceptor axons at a rate of 12 to 13 centimeters per day after peripheral uptake of choline. Colchicine, vinblastine sulfate, and cytochalasin B all block transport, but transport continues in axons separated surgically from the cell body. These data from an insect are in accord with many studies on vertebrates which have implicated intracellular microtubules in the transport mechanism. The peripheral uptake of choline and its acetylation and transport to nerve terminals in the brain are consistent with the suggestion that acetylcholine is an antennal sensory transmitter in insects.
Role of Commercial Aircraft in Global Monitoring Systems
Authors: Steinberg Robert
Published: October 2006

The role of commercial aircraft in monitoring meteorological parameters and atmospheric constituents has been limited in the former case and virtually nonexistent in the latter. I have tried to point out that this situation can and should be changed now. The new family of wide-bodied jets such as the 747, DC-10, and L-1011 aircraft can be used to supply important global atmospheric and tropical meteorological data for which there is a pressing need. While scientists are not in total agreement on the magnitude of the effect of particulates and gases on the atmosphere, there is almost unanimous concurrence that we are severely limited in information, and that global baseline concentrations must be established for particulates and gases in the troposphere and lower stratosphere as soon as possible. Also, more synoptic meteorological information from the tropical troposphere is highly desirable.

In the final analysis, commercial aircraft may offer the most inexpensive way to monitor our atmosphere in the near future. Much of the instrumentation technology is here and the rest is certainly within our grasp. The fact of the matter is that there are now over 220 Boeing 747's and Douglas DC-10's in service, flying an average of 10 hours a day. Long-range flights, such as those from Tokyo to Anchorage to London in the Northern Hemisphere and from Hawaii to Pago Pago to Sydney in the Southern Hemisphere, are commonplace. These aircraft are equipped with inertial navigation systems and central air data computers coupled to advanced data storage systems which can readily be interrogated by satellite. This means that there is now a large amount of snyoptic weather information which can be obtained with a minimum of effort and cost. Likewise, a start at obtaining measurements of atmospheric constituents on a global basis can be made now. All we need to do is make the effort.
Dystrophic Chicken Muscle: Altered Synaptic Acetylcholinesterase
Authors: Jedrzejczyk J. , Wieckowski J. , Rymaszewska T. , Barnard E. A.
Published: October 2006

Individual motor endplates in the skeletal muscles of chickens genetically homozygous for muscular dystrophy have been compared with those in normal chickens. Measurements were made there, by specific autoradiographic techniques, of the numbers of total cholinesterase-like molecules and of acetylcholinesterase molecules. The acetylcholinesterase is distinctly decreased at the endplates in dystrophic muscles. The various data available on these muscles are compatible with the concept that a neural factor which determines the synaptic acetylcholinesterase, along with a number of other characters in the muscle cell, is defective in this disorder.