bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxoiron(V) Complexes of Relevance in Oxidation Catalysis of Organic Substrates
Authors: Dantignana Valeria , Company Anna , Costas Miquel
Published: March 2020

The selective oxidation of alkane and olefin moieties are reactions of fundamental importance in both chemical synthesis and biology. Nature efficiently catalyzes the oxidation of hydrocarbons using iron‐dependent enzymes, which operate through the mediation of oxoiron(IV) or oxoiron(V) species. In the quest for chemo, regio and stereoselective transformations akin to those taking place in nature, bioinspired iron catalysts have been developed and understanding their mechanism of action has become a particularly relevant area of research. While a prominent advance in the preparation and characterization of oxoiron(IV) species has been accomplished, oxoiron(V) species remain exceedingly rare, presumably because the high reactivity that makes them particularly interesting also makes them difficult to observe. This review summarizes the advances in the field, focusing in synthetic systems for which the oxoiron(V) species relevant in these transformations have been directly detected and spetroscopically characterized.
Canopy thermal response to water deficit of coffee plants under drip irrigation
Authors: Costa Jéfferson De Oliveira , Coelho Rubens Duarte , Barros Timóteo Herculino Da Silva , Fraga Júnior Eusímio Felisbino , Fernandes André Luís Teixeira
Published: March 2020

To quantify water stress on coffee trees, leaf water potential (LWP) measurements are commonly performed in a Scholander chamber; however, this methodology is restricted to research activities, due to the difficulty of measurement in the field: sampling hours at predawn and intensive work. A crop water stress index (CWSI) based on leaf temperature has been used as indicative of LWP in several crops, and thermal images can be a precious tool for mapping LWP under intensive drip‐irrigated coffee areas, in order to adjust irrigation requirements according to soil moisture spatial variability. This study aims to define the relationships between the water potential of coffee leaf based on CWSI, calculated by means of a portable infrared sensor and a thermal camera, analysing correlation, precision and accuracy indexes. The study was conducted in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, using Coffea arabica species of the Catuaí Red variety IAC 144 that was drip irrigated using tensiometers as matric potential sensors. The observed CWSI and LWP presented good correlations in the linear and cubic models. It was concluded that the CWSI is a good indicator of the water potential of a coffee canopy and can be an alternative to measurements of LWP from the Scholander chamber. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control of Akt activity and substrate phosphorylation in cells
Authors: Yudushkin Ivan
Published: March 2020

Protein kinase B/Akt is a serine/threonine kinase that links receptors coupled to the PI3K lipid kinase to cellular anabolic pathways. Its activity in cells is controlled by reversible phosphorylation and an intramolecular lipid‐controlled allosteric switch. In this review, I outline the current progress in understanding Akt regulatory mechanisms, define three models of Akt activation in cells, and highlight how intramolecular allosterism cooperates with cell‐autonomous mechanisms to control Akt localization and activity and direct it toward specific sets of substrates in cells.
Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost)‐based multiwavelength spatial frequency domain imaging and characterization for ex vivo human colorectal tissue assessment
Authors: Li Shuying , Zeng Yifeng , Chapman William C. , Erfanzadeh Mohsen , Nandy Sreyankar , Mutch Matthew , Zhu Quing
Published: March 2020

The current gold standard diagnostic test for colorectal cancer remains histological inspections of endoluminal neoplasia in biopsy specimens. However, biopsy site selection requires visual inspection of the bowel, typically with a white‐light endoscope. Therefore, this technique is poorly suited to detect small or innocuous‐appearing lesions. We hypothesize that an alternative modality—multiwavelength spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI)—would be able to differentiate various colorectal neoplasia from normal tissue. In this ex vivo study of human colorectal tissues, we report the optical absorption and scattering signatures of normal, adenomatous polyp and cancer specimens. An abnormal vs. normal adaptive boosting (AdaBoost) classifier is trained to dichotomize tissue based on SFDI imaging characteristics, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.95 is achieved. We conclude that AdaBoost‐based multiwavelength SFDI can differentiate abnormal from normal colorectal tissues, potentially improving endoluminal screening of the distal gastrointestinal tract in the future.
Portable deep learning singlet microscope
Authors: Shen Hua , Gao Jinming
Published: March 2020

Having the least lenses, the significant feature of the singlet imaging system, helps the development of the portable and cost‐effective microscopes. A novel method of monochromatic/color singlet microscopy, which is combined with only one aspheric lens and deep learning computational imaging technology, is proposed in this article. The designed singlet aspheric lens is an approximate linear signal system, which means modulation‐transfer‐function curves on all field‐of‐views (5 mm diagonally) are almost coincident with each other. The purpose of the designed linear signal system is to further improve the resolution of our microscope by using deep learning algorithm. As a proof of concept, we designed a singlet microscopy based on our method, which weighs only 400 g. The experimental data and results of the sample USAF−1951 target and bio‐sample (the Equisetum‐arvense Strobile L.S), prove that the performance of the proposed singlet microscope is competitive to a commercial microscope with the 4X/NA0.1 objective lens. We believe that our idea and method would guide to design more cost‐effective and powerful singlet imaging system.
Role of curcumin and its nanoformulations in neurotherapeutics: A comprehensive review
Authors: Mandal Mukesh , Jaiswal Pawan , Mishra Awanish
Published: March 2020

Curcumin, a dietary polyphenol and major constituent of Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae), is extensively used as a spice in Asian countries. For ages, turmeric has been used in traditional medicine systems to treat various diseases, which was possible because of its anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancerous, antiepileptic, antidepressant, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, antiapoptotic, and antiproliferative effects. Curcumin has potent antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antiapoptotic, neurotrophic activities, which support its plausible neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative disease. However, there is limited information available regarding the clinical efficacy of curcumin in neurodegenerative cases. The low oral bioavailability of curcumin may be speculated as a plausible factor that limits its effects in humans. Therefore, utilization of several approaches for the enhancement of bioavailability may improve clinical outcomes. Furthermore, the use of nanotechnology and a targeted drug delivery system may improve the bioavailability of curcumin. The present review is designed to summarize the molecular mechanisms pertaining to the neuroprotective effects of curcumin and its nanoformulations.
Ameliorative effect of curcumin on lead‐induced hematological and hepatorenal toxicity in a rat model
Authors: Abubakar Kabeer , Mailafiya Maryam M. , Chiroma Samaila M. , Danmaigoro Abubakar , Zyoud Tawfiq Y. T. , Abdul Rahim Ezamin , Abu Bakar Zakaria Md Zuki
Published: March 2020

Introduction

Lead (Pb) is a ubiquitous toxic heavy metal that inflicts numerous clinical consequences on humans. Curcumin is the principal component of turmeric, which is reported to have antioxidative properties. This study aimed at evaluating the ameliorative effects of curcumin on Pb‐induced hepatorenal toxicity in a rat model.

Methods

Thirty‐six male Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly assigned into five groups with 12 rats in the control (normal saline) and six rats each for the lead‐treated group (LTG) (50 mg/kg lead acetate [Pb acetate] for 4 weeks), recovery group (50 mg/kg Pb acetate for 4 weeks and left with no treatment for another 4 weeks), treatment group 1 (Cur100) (50 mg/kg Pb acetate for 4 weeks, followed by 100 mg/kg curcumin for 4 weeks), and treatment group 2 (Cur200) (50 mg/kg Pb acetate for 4 weeks, followed by 200 mg/kg curcumin for 4 weeks). All the experimental groups received oral treatments via orogastric‐tube on alternate days. Pb concentration in the liver and kidney of the rats were evaluated using inductive‐coupled plasma mass spectrometry techniques.

Results

Pb‐administered rats revealed significant alteration in oxidative status and increased Pb concentration in their liver and kidney with obvious reduction of hemogram and increased in leukogram as well as aberration in histological architecture of the liver and kidney. However, treatment with curcumin reduces the tissue Pb concentrations and ameliorates the above mention alterations.

Conclusions

The results in this study suggested that curcumin attenuates Pb‐induced hepatorenal toxicity via chelating activity and inhibition of oxidative stress.
“We give them threatening advice…”: expectations of adherence to antiretroviral therapy and their consequences among adolescents living with HIV in rural Malawi
Authors: Burns Rose , Magalasi Denview , Blasco Philippe , Szumilin Elisabeth , Pasquier Estelle , Schramm Birgit , Wringe Alison
Published: March 2020

Introduction

Many adolescents living with HIV in sub‐Saharan Africa struggle to achieve optimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), but few studies have investigated how their treatment‐taking decisions are influenced by their social interactions with providers, caregivers and community leaders. This study aims to explore the narratives that define expectations of adherence to ART among adolescents living with HIV in a rural Malawian setting.

Methods

Overall, 45 in‐depth interviews were conducted in 2016 with adolescents living with HIV, caregivers, health workers and community leaders, and four group sessions using participatory tools were undertaken with adolescents. Interviews and group sessions were audio‐recorded, transcribed and translated into English. Data were coded inductively and analysed thematically.

Results

Adolescents were given strict behavioural codes around optimal treatment adherence, which were often enforced through encouragement, persuasian and threats. In HIV clinics, some staff supported adolescents with broader concerns relating to living with HIV, but other measures to address sub‐optimal adherence in HIV clinics were perceived by patients as punitive, including pill‐counts and increased frequency of clinic visits. Community leaders felt responsible for young peoples' health, sometimes attempting to influence their treatment‐taking by threatening to withdraw services, or to publically “out” those deemed to be non‐adherent. At home, discussions with adolescents about HIV were often limited to dose reminders, and some caretakers resorted to physical punishment to ensure adherence. While some adolescents complied with strictly‐enforced adherence rules, others demonstrated resistance by hiding missed doses, secretly throwing away drugs, or openly refusing to take them.

Conclusions

The potential of young people to adhere to their ART may be undermined by restrictive messages and punitive approaches to enforce and control their engagement with treatment at home, in the clinic and in the wider community. Interventions should focus on creating safe spaces for adolescents to speak frankly about the adherence challenges that they face and support for caregivers including home‐based interventions.
Fecal specimen diagnosis 2019 novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia
Authors: Zhang JingCheng , Wang SaiBin , Xue YaDong
Published: March 2020

The emergence and spread of 2019 novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia (COVID‐19) from Wuhan, China, it has spread globally. We extracted the data on 14 patients with laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19 from Jinhua Municipal Central hospital through 27 January 2020. We found that compared to pharyngeal swab specimens, nucleic acid detection of COVID‐19 in fecal specimens was equally accurate. And we found that patients with a positive stool test did not experience gastrointestinal symptoms and had nothing to do with the severity of the lung infection. These results may help to understand the clinical diagnosis and the changes in clinical parameters of COVID‐19.
Low‐Temperature Crystallization for Separating Monoacetylated Long‐Chain Sophorolipids: Characterization of Their Surface‐Active and Antimicrobial Properties
Authors: Solaiman Daniel K. Y. , Ashby Richard D. , Nuñez Alberto , Crocker Nicole
Published: March 2020

Pseudohyphozyma (formerly Rhodotorula) bogoriensis synthesizes long‐chain‐length (22‐carbon chain) sophorolipids (22:0‐SL) that are variously acetylated at the 6′‐ or/and 6″‐carbons of the sophorose unit. In this paper, we describe a low‐temperature crystallization protocol that preferentially separates the 6′‐monoacetylated 22:0‐SL (6′‐Ac1‐22:0‐SL) from a parental mixture of 22:0‐SL containing a majority (64.7%) of the 6′,6″‐diacetylated moiety (6′,6″‐Ac2‐22:0‐SL), as deduced from high‐pressure‐liquid‐chromatography evaporative‐light‐scattering‐detection (HPLC‐ELSD) and LC/Q‐TOF‐MS analyses. Tensiometry measurements using the Wilhelmy plate method yielded minimum‐surface‐tension (SFTmin) and critical‐micelle‐concentration (CMC) values of 34.6 ± 1.0 mN m−1 and 0.014 mM, respectively, for 6′‐Ac1‐22:0‐SL (CRYSTAL) fraction and 34.9 ± 1.0 mM m−1 (SFTmin) and 0.018 (CMC) for the hexane precipitate (Hx‐PRCP) fraction containing a high concentration (89.2%) of the diacetylated 6′,6″‐Ac2‐22:0‐SL after crystal removal. In contrast, the SFTmin and CMC of the well‐studied 16‐18 carbon (C16‐18)‐SL of Starmerella bombicola were 35–37.2 mN m−1 and 0.05‐(>0.3) mM, respectively. Individually, the purified CRYSTAL and Hx‐PRCP fractions exhibited a similar degree of strong growth‐inhibition activity against Cutibacterium (formerly Propionibacterium) acnes as determined by an agar‐plate zone of inhibition assay. Study on the growth inhibition of oral health‐related bacteria, i.e., Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus, showed that, depending on the bacteria and strains tested, the CRYSTAL fraction was either slightly better than or equally effective as the Hx‐PRCP fraction in inhibiting cell growth.
The Use of Imaging for Synthetic Midurethral Slings
Authors: Duckett Jonathan , Thakar Ranee , Shah Vikas , Stephenson James , Balachandran Aswini
Published: March 2020

Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging can be used to image midurethral slings, which have may have complications such as pain. There is considerable misunderstanding regarding the utility of the different modalities. This article aims to review the current literature to identify the benefits and limitations of each imaging modality and identify the place that each should have for patients with midurethral sling complications. A literature search was performed, and all relevant articles were identified and reviewed. Different imaging modalities are complementary, but more research is required in this area.
miR‐373 inhibits autophagy and further promotes apoptosis of cholangiocarcinoma cells by targeting ULK1
Authors: Lv Pin , Luo Yi‐Fan , Zhou Wen‐Yi , Liu Ben , Zhou Zheng , Shi Yong‐Zhong , Huang Ren , Peng Chuang , He Zi‐Li , Wang Jun , Zhang Hong‐Hui , Nie Sheng‐Dan
Published: March 2020

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is a malignant tumor originating from intrahepatic bile ducts. Surgical therapy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are taken to treat this disease, but it is prone to recurrence and metastasis, with poor prognosis. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore new targets and molecular mechanisms for the development of cholangiocarcinoma cells. Clinical cholangiocarcinoma tissues from patients and four human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines were analyzed for microRNA‐373 (miR‐373) expression. For investigating whether miR‐373 directly modulated unc‐51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1), dual‐luciferase reporter assay was performed. In addition, CCK‐8 assay, flow cytometry, western blot, and immunofluorescence were applied to evaluate the proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy of cholangiocytic hepatocellular carcinoma cells. miR‐373 downregulation was observed in clinical tissues and cell lines of cholangiocarcinoma. Overexpression of miR‐373 reduced proliferation, enhanced apoptosis, and raised expression levels of pro‐apoptosis proteins including BCL2 associated X (Bax), Caspase‐3, and Caspase‐9. Moreover, overexpression of miR‐373 downregulated expression levels of microtubule‐associated protein 1A/1B‐light chain 3 (LC3)‐II, Beclin‐1, and promoted P62 expression on mRNA and protein levels. After miR‐373 knockdown, all indexes of apoptosis and autophagy mentioned above were reversed. Luciferase activity was decreased after cotransfection of miR‐373 mimic and wild‐type ULK1 vector. Also, miR‐373 overexpression inhibited ULK1 expression. Importantly, overexpression of miR‐373 weakened expressions of ULK1, LC3, Beclin‐1, and Bcl‐2, and enhanced expressions of P62, Bax, Caspase‐3, and Caspase‐9. miR‐373 mimic treatment and subsequent ULK1 overexpression, induced reverse regulation in expressions of these proteins, compared with overexpression of miR‐373 only. miR‐373 targeted ULK1 to initiate inhibition of autophagy and subsequent promotion of apoptosis in cholangiocarcinoma cells.
Facile Preparation of a Fluorine‐Free, Robust, Superhydrophobic Coating through Dip Coating Combined with Non‐Solvent Induced Phase Separation (Dip‐Coating‐NIPS) Method
Authors: Zhu Yuwei , Pei Lei , Ambreen Jaweria , He Chuanxin , Ngai To
Published: March 2020

Superhydrophobic surfaces based on non‐fluorinated materials and facile fabrication techniques are of great practical value with respect to environmental friendliness and industrial applications. In this work, a fluorine‐free, superhydrophobic coating with hierarchical surface structure and low surface energy is successfully fabricated on various substrates through a recently developed dip coating combined with non‐solvent induced phase separation (dip‐coating‐NIPS) method. A bio‐based polymer, poly(l‐lactic acid), and commercially available hydrophobic SiO2 nanoparticles, are used. The fabricated coating exhibits superhydrophobicity, with a static water contact angle (WCA) of 155.7° ± 1.4° and contact angle hysteresis (θHys) of 5.2° ± 0.4°. The results from stability tests demonstrate excellent mechanical durability and chemical stability of the superhydrophobic coating. Finally, the fabricated coating is successfully applied in water–oil separation with superior efficiency. This simple, cost‐effective, and time‐efficient method may provide an effective way for the design of nonfluorine‐based environmentally friendly membranes for separation applications.
Synthesis and Characterization of CNT Composites for Laser‐Generated Ultrasonic Waves
Authors: Oser Patrick , Düttmann Oliver , Schmid Fabian , Schulte‐Spechtel Levin , Große Christian U. , Wu Datong
Published: March 2020

In the last few years, extensive progress in ultrasonic wave generation by using multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in combination with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), functional composites, has been achieved. Due to high optical absorption of MWCNTs as perfect absorbers for laser beams and the high thermal expansion coefficient of PDMS, a compact transducer for ultrasonic wave generation at higher frequency can be realized. This study reports a novel method to synthesize MWCNT–PDMS composites deposited on a glass substrate by spray coating, which is done in a short time of 2 h. The layers (0.9–32.2 µm) show low optical transmission properties of 13.9–0.0% at a wavelength of 1047 nm. Apart from using a 1% Triton‐X‐100 stock solution and then diluted to a 0.1% relatively nonhazardous solution, no toxic chemicals are used. The Triton‐X‐100 solution is not hazardous for lab handling and is a commonly used lab detergent for the treatment of biological cells. The achieved sound pressure level is 3.4 MPa with a frequency bandwidth of 9.7 MHz. These results show the potential for a fast and nontoxic production of laser‐generated ultrasonic transducers, which can be used well in the field of nondestructive material testing of layered materials or in medicine with an appropriate frequency range.
Plasma‐based microRNA signatures in early diagnosis of breast cancer
Authors: Li Xu , Zou Wenjing , Wang Yuzhen , Liao Zijun , Li Lina , Zhai Yang , Zhang Lingxiao , Gu Shanzhi , Zhao Xinhan
Published: March 2020

Background

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the development and progression of breast cancer (BC). The purpose of the present study was to identify plasma miRNAs enabling early diagnosis of BC.

Materials and Methods

Expression levels of seven plasma miRNAs (miR‐23a‐3p, miR‐29b‐2‐5p, miR‐130a‐5p, miR‐144‐3p, miR‐148a‐3p, miR‐152‐3p, and miR‐182‐5p) in 106 patients with newly diagnosed BC and 96 healthy participants were analyzed by qRT‐PCR. We also evaluated the relationship between the expression levels of these miRNAs and clinicopathological features of patients with BC.

Results

Compared with healthy controls, we found that miR‐23a‐3p (p = .025), miR‐130a‐5p (p = .006), miR‐144‐3p (p = .040), miR‐148a‐3p (p = .023), and miR‐152‐3p (p = .019) were downregulated in the plasma of patients with BC. MiR‐130a‐5p, miR‐144‐3p, and miR‐152‐3p were downexpressed in BC tissues as well as plasma. The expression of the miR‐23a‐3p, miR‐144‐3p, and miR‐152‐3p was related to ER positive and PR positive. Besides, miR‐23a‐3p, miR‐144‐3p, and miR‐152‐3p did show the significant difference in the staging compromised to the control, especially in stage I‐II. Moreover, we also found that miR‐144‐3p and miR‐148a‐3p were associated with lymph node invasion.

Conclusions

The expression levels of the miR‐23a‐3p, miR‐130a‐5p, miR‐144‐3p, miR‐148a‐3p, and miR‐152‐3p were lower in patients with BC compared to healthy controls and were associated with ex hormone receptor, clinical stage, and lymph node metastasis, indicating the diagnostic potential of these miRNAs in BC.
Motion‐corrected and high‐resolution anatomically assisted (MOCHA) reconstruction of arterial spin labeling MRI
Authors: Mehranian Abolfazl , McGinnity Colm J. , Neji Radhouene , Prieto Claudia , Hammers Alexander , De Vita Enrico , Reader Andrew J.
Published: March 2020

Purpose

A model‐based reconstruction framework is proposed for motion‐corrected and high‐resolution anatomically assisted (MOCHA) reconstruction of arterial spin labeling (ASL) data. In this framework, all low‐resolution ASL control‐label pairs are used to reconstruct a single high‐resolution cerebral blood flow (CBF) map, corrected for rigid‐motion, point‐spread‐function blurring and partial volume effect.

Methods

Six volunteers were recruited for CBF imaging using pseudo‐continuous ASL labeling, two‐shot 3D gradient and spin‐echo sequences and high‐resolution T1‐weighted MRI. For 2 volunteers, high‐resolution scans with double and triple resolution in the partition direction were additionally collected. Simulations were designed for evaluations against a high‐resolution ground‐truth CBF map, including a simulated hyperperfused lesion and hyperperfusion/hypoperfusion abnormalities. The MOCHA technique was compared with standard reconstruction and a 3D linear regression partial‐volume effect correction method and was further evaluated for acquisitions with reduced control‐label pairs and k‐space undersampling.

Results

The MOCHA reconstructions of low‐resolution ASL data showed enhanced image quality, particularly in the partition direction. In simulations, both MOCHA and 3D linear regression provided more accurate CBF maps than the standard reconstruction; however, MOCHA resulted in the lowest errors and well delineated the abnormalities. The MOCHA reconstruction of standard‐resolution in vivo data showed good agreement with higher‐resolution scans requiring 4‐times and 9‐times longer acquisitions. The MOCHA reconstruction was found to be robust for 4‐times‐accelerated ASL acquisitions, achieved by reduced control‐label pairs or k‐space undersampling.

Conclusion

The MOCHA reconstruction reduces partial‐volume effect by direct reconstruction of CBF maps in the high‐resolution space of the corresponding anatomical image, incorporating motion correction and point spread function modeling. Following further evaluation, MOCHA should promote the clinical application of ASL.
Retropubic vs transobturator Argus adjustable male sling: Results from a multicenter study
Authors: Loertzer Hagen , Huesch Tanja , Kirschner‐Hermanns Ruth , Anding Ralf , Rose Armin , Brehmer Bernhard , Naumann Carsten Maik , Queissert Fabian , Nyarangi‐Dix Joanne , Homberg Roland , Grabbert Markus , Hofmann Torben , Pottek Tobias , Hübner Wilhelm , Haferkamp Axel , Bauer Ricarda Michaela , Kretschmer Alexander
Published: March 2020

Aims

To comparatively analyse outcomes after ARGUS classic and ArgusT adjustable male sling implantation in a real‐world setting.

Methods

Inclusion criteria encompassed: non‐neurogenic, moderate‐to‐severe stress urinary incontinence (≥2 pads), implantation of an ARGUS classic or ArgusT male sling between 2010 and 2012 in a high‐volume center (>150 previous implantations). Functional outcomes were assessed using daily pad usage, 24‐hour pad testing, and International Consultation on Incontinence (ICIQ‐SF) questionnaires. Continence was defined as zero pads per 24 hours. Complications were graded using Clavien‐Dindo scale. For multivariate analysis, binary logistic regression models were used (P < .05).

Results

A total of 106 patients (n = 74 [ARGUS classic], n = 32 [ArgusT]) from four centers were eligible. Median follow‐up was 44.0 months (24‐64). Patient cohorts were well‐balanced. We observed a statistical trend in favor of ARGUS classic regarding postoperative urine loss based on standardized 24‐hour pad test (71 ± 162 g [ARGUS classic] vs 160 ± 180 g [ArgusT]); P = .066]. Dry rates were 33.3% (ARGUS classic) and 11.8% (ArgusT, P = .114). In multivariable analysis, ArgusT male sling could not be confirmed as an independent predictor of decreased success (OR, 0.587; 95% CI; 0.166‐2.076, P = .408). There were no Clavien IV and V complications. Inguinal pain was significantly higher after ArgusT implantation (P = .033). Explantation rates were higher for ArgusT compared to ARGUS classic (14.0 vs 23.3%; P = .371). Longer device survival for the ARGUS classic male sling was observed in Kaplan‐Meier analysis (P = .198).

Conclusions

In the largest comparative analysis of ARGUS classic and ArgusT male sling with the longest follow‐up to date, we observed low continence rates with superior functional outcomes and decreased explantation rates after ARGUS classic implantation.
The effect of continuous positive airway pressure on nocturia in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Vrooman Olaf P. J. , van Balken Michael R. , van Koeveringe Gommert A. , van Kerrebroeck Philip V. A. , Driessen Lizzy E. M. J. , Schouten Leo J. , Rahnama'i Mohammad S.
Published: March 2020

Objective

The prevalence of nocturia in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) who received continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) treatment was studied as well as the effect of CPAP treatment on nocturia.

Methods

All patients that were referred to the pulmonology department of a large teaching hospital in the Netherlands and received a CPAP mask for OSAS were interviewed and invited to take part in the study (N = 274). After informed consent, all patients were asked about the number of nocturia episodes before and after CPAP.

Results

In this prospective analysis, 274 patients (190 male and 84 female) were included. The mean age was 60.3 years (SE = 0.7). Sixty‐four patients (23.4%) reported no nocturia episodes before CPAP and 210 patients (76.4%) reported ≥1 nocturia episode(s). Treatment of OSAS with CPAP reduced nocturia with one or more episodes per night in 42.3% of the patients. Clinically relevant nocturia (≥2 voids per night) was reduced from 73.0% to 51.5%. There were no statistically significant gender differences.

Conclusion

The prevalence of nocturia in patients diagnosed with OSAS is 75.8% in both sexes. After treatment with CPAP, almost half of patients experienced a decrease in the nocturia frequency of one or more voids. Clinically relevant nocturia was reduced with one‐third after CPAP. CPAP not only reduced the number of voids during the night but also improved the associated quality of life.
Bevacizumab for NF2‐associated vestibular schwannomas of childhood and adolescence
Authors: Renzi Samuele , Michaeli Orli , Salvador Hector , Alderete Daniel , Ponce Nicolas Fernandez , Zapotocky Michal , Hansford Jordan R. , Malalasekera Vajiranee S. , Toledano Helen , Maguire Bryan , Bouffet Eric , Ramaswamy Vijay , Baroni Lorena V.
Published: March 2020

Seventeen children at six institutions with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2)‐related vestibular schwannomas received bevacizumab. Eight of the 13 patients with initial hearing loss (61%) showed objective hearing improvement within six months of treatment. No patients showed hearing deterioration during therapy; however, only two patients showed objective radiological response. Seven of eight patients had tumor progression or worsening hearing loss upon cessation of treatment. Bevacizumab was well tolerated with no patients discontinuing therapy. Bevacizumab appears to postpone hearing loss in childhood NF2‐associated vestibular schwannomas, but responses are not durable, suggesting that either longer maintenance therapy or new strategies are required.
Ubiquitous Personality–Trait Concepts in 13 Diverse and Isolated Languages: A Cluster–Classification Approach
Authors: Wood Joshua K. , Gurven Michael , Goldberg Lewis R.
Published: March 2020

There is longstanding interest in the generalizability of personality across diverse cultures. To investigate the generalizability of personality concepts, we examined the English translations of individual–difference entries from the dictionaries of 12 small–scale societies previously studied for ubiquity of individual differences plus the dictionary of an additional society not previously studied in this manner. These 13 societies are highly diverse in geographical location, culture, and language family; their languages developed in isolation from modern–world languages. The goal of our exploratory research was to discover ubiquitous personality concepts in these 13 independent societies and their languages, providing a window into personality concepts across a broad range of cultures and languages. This study used clusters of empirically related terms (e.g. brave, courageous, and daring), based on a taxonomy of English–language personality concepts that consisted of 100 personality–trait clusters. English–language definitions of dictionary entries from the 13 languages were matched to the meanings of the synonym clusters. The cluster–classification method uncovered nine ubiquitous personality concepts, plus six that were present in at least 12 of the 13 languages. The nine ubiquitous personality concepts include some not previously identified and suggest a core of possibly universal concepts. © 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology
Complex formation of anti‐VEGF‐C with VEGF‐C released during blood coagulation resulted in an artifact in its serum pharmacokinetics
Authors: Bumbaca Yadav Daniela , Reyes Arthur E. , Gupta Priyanka , Vernes Jean‐Michel , Meng Y. Gloria , Schweiger Michelle G. , Stainton Shannon L. , Fuh Germaine , Fielder Paul J. , Kamath Amrita V. , Shen Ben‐Quan
Published: March 2020

A phage‐derived human monoclonal antibody against VEGF‐C was developed as a potential anti‐tumor therapeutic and exhibited fast clearance in preclinical species, with notably faster clearance in serum than in plasma. The purpose of this work was to understand the factors contributing to its fast clearance. In vitro incubations in animal and human blood, plasma, and serum were conducted with radiolabeled anti‐VEGF‐C to determine potential protein and cell‐based interactions with the antibody as well as any matrix‐dependent recovery dependent upon the matrix. A tissue distribution study was conducted in mice with and without heparin infusion in order to identify a tissue sink and determine whether heparin could affect antibody recovery from serum and/or plasma. Incubation of radiolabeled anti‐VEGF‐C in human and animal blood, plasma, or serum revealed that the antibody formed a complex with an endogenous protein, likely VEGF‐C. This complex was trapped within the blood clot during serum preparation from blood, but not within the blood cell pellet during plasma preparation. Low level heparin infusion in mice slowed down clot formation during serum preparation and allowed for better recovery of the radiolabeled antibody in serum. No tissue sink was found in mice. Thus, during this characterization, we determined that the blood sampling matrix greatly impacted the amount of antibody recovered in the samples, therefore, altering its derived pharmacokinetic parameters. Target biology should be considered when selecting appropriate sampling matrices for PK analysis.
Environmental typology of rivers from the Brazilian semiarid as a first step for the application of the index of biotic integrity: The case of the Chapada Diamantina
Authors: Santos Alexandre C. A. , Caiola Nuno
Published: March 2020

Defining environmental river types is an essential step in the development of accurate fish‐based methods (IBI, Index of Biotic Integrity) to assess the environmental quality of aquatic ecosystems. In this study, the environmental typology of the rivers and streams in the region of Chapada Diamantina was developed. Thirty‐five sampling sites representative of the upper Paraguaçu River and its main tributaries were characterized to characterize the fish assemblages and abiotic environmental descriptors. A cluster analysis based on fish species CPUE was performed to define a first biological typology. Then, a discriminant analysis model was developed to select the environmental descriptors that explained the fish‐based river types. The model selected 11 environmental variables and classified 91% of the cases. The river typology defined in this study will be used for the development of an IBI to assess the ecological status of the Chapada Diamantina rivers. It is expected that both the typology developed here and the future IBI will provide important and useful tools to develop and apply nature conservation‐oriented management schemes in the Chapada Diamantina aquatic ecosystems.
New bounds for the Moser‐Tardos distribution
Authors: Harris David G.
Published: March 2020

The Lovász local lemma (LLL) is a probabilistic tool to generate combinatorial structures with good “local” properties. The “LLL‐distribution” further shows that these structures have good global properties in expectation. The seminal algorithm of Moser and Tardos turned the simplest, variable‐based form of the LLL into an efficient algorithm; this has since been extended to other probability spaces including random permutations. One can similarly define an “MT‐distribution” for these algorithms, that is, the distribution of the configuration they produce. We show new bounds on the MT‐distribution in the variable and permutation settings which are significantly stronger than those known to hold for the LLL‐distribution. As some example illustrations, we show a nearly tight bound on the minimum implicate size of a CNF Boolean formula, and we obtain improved bounds on weighted Latin transversals and partial Latin transversals.
Load‐path modeling of pier diaphragms under vertical shear in concrete box‐girder bridges
Authors: He Zhi‐Qi , Xu Tian , Liu Zhao
Published: March 2020

Pier diaphragms are usually adopted in concrete box girder bridges to transmit shear forces from the webs to the bearings. The pier diaphragm under vertical shear acts as a side‐shearing loaded deep beam that is rarely studied in the literature. Through the load‐path modeling, this paper provides an analytical method for the design of pier diaphragms under vertical shear in concrete box‐girder bridges. Explicit equations are derived for the direct calculation of transverse tension forces in the pier diaphragms, which are critical for the determination of the amount of transverse reinforcement. Further comparative studies in this paper show that: (a) the side‐shearing loaded deep beam differs greatly with the top‐loaded beam in the aspect of elastic internal force distribution when the span‐to‐depth ratio of the diaphragm section is less than 1; (b) the proposed quantitative strut‐and‐tie models agree well with the elastic internal force distribution in the pier diaphragms with various configurations; and (c) the commonly used “direct‐strut model” is acceptable for the design of pier diaphragms with span‐to‐depth ratios greater than 1.5, while it would greatly underestimate the top tension force when the span‐to‐depth ratio is less than 1 (referred to as the “ultra‐deep member”).
Actions for sociopolitical consciousness in a high school science class: A case study of ninth grade class with predominantly indigenous students
Authors: Upadhyay Bhaskar , Atwood Erin , Tharu Baliram
Published: March 2020

This case study explores how a group of Grade 9 students engaged in sociopolitical discourses and actions in a science class in a mostly indigenous student school in Nepal. The study used sociopolitical consciousness (SPC) as a framework to document and understand indigenous students’ SPC‐oriented science interactions and subsequent social change actions. We used ethnographic methods of data collection over 6 months. The study focused on the actions of 4 girls and 2 boys belonging to the indigenous Tharu group. Data were analyzed using iterative qualitative methods. The study findings show that students are capable of engaging in critical thinking, critical reflecting, and taking actions for social change. Additionally, students are competent to link their experiences with social, structural, and political discrimination to the relevant science content they learn. The study presents four thematic findings related to SPC and science teaching and learning: Fostering social justice awareness in science class, fostering structural understanding of inequities in sickle cell disease, fostering sociopolitical actions for sickle cell disease, and the teacher's activist pedagogy for SPC in science learning. Implications of the study are that culturally relevant pedagogy helps indigenous students to become sociopolitically more aware of the links between science and social change. Adding aspects of critical pedagogies in science teaching could encourage students to become more sociopolitically reflective about science learning.
Non-planar data of $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM
Authors: Fleury Thiago , Pereira Raul
Published: March 2020

Abstract

The four-point function of length-two half-BPS operators in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM receives non-planar corrections starting at four loops. Previous work relied on the analysis of symmetries and logarithmic divergences to fix the integrand up to four constants. In this work, we compute those undetermined coefficients and fix the integrand completely by using the reformulation of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM in twistor space. The final integrand can be written as a combination of finite conformal integrals and we have used the method of asymptotic expansions to extract non-planar anomalous dimensions and structure constants for twist- two operators up to spin eight. Some of the results were already known in the literature and we have found agreement with them.
Supersymmetric mixed boundary conditions in AdS2 and DCFT1 marginal deformations
Authors: Correa Diego H. , Giraldo-Rivera Victor I. , Silva Guillermo A.
Published: March 2020

Abstract

We consider different supersymmetric mixed boundary conditions for scalar and fermionic fields in AdS2, searching for the dual description of a family of interpolating Wilson Loops in ABJM theory. The family, which interpolates between the bosonic 1/6 BPS loop and the 1/2 BPS loop, can be thought of as an exact marginal deformation in a defect CFT1. Confronting this property against holographic correlators and vacuum energy corrections singles out a particular boundary condition which we propose as dual to the interpolating family of Wilson loops.
Complexity of mixed states in QFT and holography
Authors: Caceres Elena , Chapman Shira , Couch Josiah D. , Hernandez Juan P. , Myers Robert C. , Ruan Shan-Ming
Published: March 2020

Abstract

We study the complexity of Gaussian mixed states in a free scalar field theory using the ‘purification complexity’. The latter is defined as the lowest value of the circuit complexity, optimized over all possible purifications of a given mixed state. We argue that the optimal purifications only contain the essential number of ancillary degrees of freedom necessary in order to purify the mixed state. We also introduce the concept of ‘mode-by- mode purifications’ where each mode in the mixed state is purified separately and examine the extent to which such purifications are optimal. We explore the purification complexity for thermal states of a free scalar QFT in any number of dimensions, and for subregions of the vacuum state in two dimensions. We compare our results to those found using the various holographic proposals for the complexity of subregions. We find a number of qualitative similarities between the two in terms of the structure of divergences and the presence of a volume law. We also examine the ‘mutual complexity’ in the various cases studied in this paper.
Die Anwendung von transartikulären Schrauben C1/2, verbunden mit C1-Massa-lateralis-Schrauben in einem Schrauben-Stab-System
Authors: Harati Ali , Oni Paul
Published: March 2020

Frakturen des 2. Halswirbels mit Beteiligung des Dens axis können in der Regel konservativ behandelt werden. Im Fall von hochgradig instabilen Frakturen sowie Pseudarthrosen muss eine Spondylodese C1/2 in Erwägung gezogen werden.

Basierend auf den etablierten Osteosyntheseverfahren zur dorsalen Spondylodese C1/2 erfolgte bei einem 56-jährigen Patienten bei einer dislozierten Dens-Fraktur die Anwendung einer transartikulären C1/2-Schraube, konnektiert mit einer Atlas-Massa-lateralis-Schraube in einem Schrauben-Stab-System.

Es traten keine intra- sowie postoperativen Komplikationen auf. Im Beobachtungszeitraum von 36 Monaten traten keine Schraubenlockerungen bzw. -dislokation auf.

Das hier vorgestellte alternative Verfahren der dorsalen Spondylodese C1/2 ist eine sichere und effektive Methode, um eine Stabilisierung des Bewegungssegmentes im Fall einer posttraumatischen Instabilität zu erreichen.
Laser metal deposition of copper on diverse metals using green laser sources
Authors: Siva Prasad Himani , Brueckner Frank , Volpp Joerg , Kaplan Alexander F. H.
Published: March 2020

Green laser sources are advantageous in the processing of copper due to the increase of absorptivity compared with more commonly available infrared lasers. Laser metal deposition of copper with a green laser onto various substrate metals namely copper, aluminium, steel and titanium alloy was carried out and observed through high-speed imaging. The effects of process parameters such as laser power, cladding speed and powder feed rate, and material attributes such as absorptivity, surface conditions and thermal conductivity are tied together to explain the size and geometry of the melt pool as well as the fraction of the power used for melting material. The copper substrate has the smallest melt pool with a high angle, followed by aluminium, steel and titanium alloy. The incorporation times for powder grains in the melt pools vary based on the substrate materials. Its dependency on material properties, including surface tension forces, melting temperatures and material density, is discussed. Oxide skins present on melt pools can affect powder incorporation, most significantly on the aluminium substrate. The lower limits of the fraction of power irradiated on the surface used purely for melting were calculated to be 0.73%, 2.94%, 5.95% and 9.78% for the copper, aluminium, steel and titanium alloy substrates, respectively, showing a strong dependence on thermal conductivity of the substrate material. For a copper wall built, the fraction was 2.66%, much higher than a single clad on a copper substrate, due to reduced workpiece heating. The results of this paper can be transferred to other metals with low absorptivity such as gold.
Physiotherapy assessment for female urinary incontinence
Authors: Berghmans B. , Seleme M. R. , Bernards A. T. M.
Published: March 2020

Introduction and hypothesis

As noted in the 6th International Consultation on Incontinence (ICI) chapter “Initial Management of Urinary Incontinence in Women” recommendations call for including physiotherapy as a first-line therapy.

Methods

Building on this, checking available scientific evidence and using the International Classification of Functioning, Disabilities and Health, the following represents a holistic physiotherapist approach for initial evaluation of the health problem of urinary incontinence.

Results

This paper proposes a teaching module for every relevant health care professional dealing with the assessment of adult female urinary incontinence, focusing on optimal patient selection and appropriate treatment choice.

Conclusion

The assessment stage involves the explicit decision as to whether “physiotherapy” is the treatment indicated for the patient, based on the findings of the physiotherapy assessment and supplemented by any medical information that accompanied the referral and evaluation.
Top-down release of mesopredatory fish is a weaker structuring driver of temperate rocky shore communities than bottom-up nutrient enrichment
Authors: Kraufvelin Patrik , Christie Hartvig , Gitmark Janne Kim
Published: March 2020

Ecological impacts of top-down trophic cascades in combination with bottom-up nutrient enrichment are increasingly being reported. Such effects may be triggered by decline in the abundance and size of piscivore fish leading to a release of smaller-sized mesopredatory fish that are capable of reducing mesograzers and their buffering herbivorous effects, thus intensifying eutrophication symptoms. Hitherto, such mesopredator release has not been studied in controlled manner in macroalgal-dominated rocky shore communities. This study utilised twelve littoral mesocosms in southeastern Norway to investigate the impact of increased nutrient levels and increased abundance of the mesopredatory goldsinny wrasse (Ctenolabrus rupestris) over 6 months, from spring (April) to autumn (October). The study mainly revealed typical eutrophication responses in both July and in October with nutrient enrichment leading to more ephemeral algae and less perennial Fucacean and red macroalgae. Significant responses to the addition of mesopredatory fish alone or with nutrients in combination were clearly fewer in July and almost non-existent in October. Mesopredatory fish reduced the number of some mesograzers, but not others, and some herbivores even benefitted. Few joint effects occurred between fish and nutrients and the anticipated negative consequences for perennial macrophytes were largely absent; the possible reasons for these observations are discussed in depth. Curiously, the presence of mesopredatory fish seems to favour some canopy-forming macrophytes. This last finding warrants further investigation as the labrid fishery in coastal waters of southern Norway and western Sweden is increasing and a too heavy reduction of mesopredators may have its own unforeseen ecosystem implications.