bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defects in MOFs for Photocatalytic Water Reduction to Hydrogen Generation: From Fundamental Understanding to State‐of‐Art Materials
Authors: Sk Saddam , Islam Hafijul , Abraham B. Moses , Mondal Indranil , Pal Ujjwal
Published: November 2024

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are highly studied for solar H2 production from H2O due to their abundant active sites and open pore channels. Titanium (Ti) and Zirconium (Zr) MOFs are particularly noted for their stability and optoelectronic properties, resembling conventional metal oxide semiconductors. These MOFs allow molecular‐level tuning to alter optoelectronic properties, creating opportunities to enhance catalytic activity. Introducing defects in the MOF's structure is a versatile strategy for modifying molecular topology, morphology, and optical and electronic properties. This review compiles essential methods for synthesizing defect‐oriented MOFs, discussing characterization techniques and their structural and electronic modifications to boost catalytic activity. It also highlights the connection between photocatalytic H2 production and MOF properties, exploring strategies to address current limitations using defective Ti and Zr‐based MOFs. Additionally, the role of machine learning (ML) in predicting MOF properties for faster material discovery and optimization is emphasized. This review aims to identify challenges and propose ideas for designing future defect‐oriented MOF photocatalysts.
Unraveling enigmatic disjunctions: Population genetic analysis points to independent origins of rare rhododendrons in the Rhododendron keiskei complex (Ericaceae)
Authors: Sakaguchi Shota , Choi Hee‐Joo , Yoichi Watanabe , Takahashi Daiki , Hirota Shun K. , Maki Masayuki , Murakami Shoki , Harada Taichi , Kobayashi Nobuo , Kurashige Yuji , Song Jun‐Ho , Choi Hyeok‐Jae , Kim Seung‐Chul
Published: November 2024

Unraveling species boundaries is pivotal for evolutionary biology and conservation endeavors. However, it proves challenging in instances where recent speciation is intertwined with complex demographic histories and natural selection processes. The Rhododendron keiskei complex, an evergreen rhododendron distributed in East Asia, consists of a widespread variety (R. keiskei var. keiskei) and a more restricted R. keiskei var. hypoglaucum. Intriguingly, the latter is exceptionally rare yet displays a disjunction that spans approximately 1100 km. This study aimed to elucidate the evolutionary backgrounds of the enigmatic disjunctions of R. keiskei var. hypoglaucum and to propose species delimitation within the species complex. An integrative approach, combining genomic data (MIG‐seq and GBS‐derived SNPs) with Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis of leaf microstructures was adopted in this study. Phylogenetic analyses revealed significant divergence among the studied rhododendrons. Genetic demographic analyses favored the population models that assumed non‐monophyly of two disjunct populations of R. keiskei var. hypoglaucum indicating their independent origins. Recent gene flow between the widespread R. keiskei var. keiskei and “var. hypoglaucum” populations were limited due to geographic and habitat isolation factors, even in areas where their distributions overlap. Detailed morphological assessments detected distinctions between morphologically similar “var. hypoglaucum” populations based on leaf microstructures and flowering habits. Our study has shown that the apparent disjunctions of rare rhododendrons are more likely attributed to morphological convergence, possibly due to similar environmental selections in unrelated taxa. The finding highlights the importance of an integrative approach for resolving taxonomic challenges in plant species complexes.
The state of the art on tricostate mosses, with description of a new species of Tricostaceae
Authors: Valois Marc , Blanco‐Moreno Candela , Bippus Alexander C. , Stockey Ruth A. , Rothwell Gar W. , Tomescu Alexandru M.F.
Published: November 2024

A new fossil species in the moss family Tricostaceae, Tricosta angeiophoros sp. nov. (Early Cretaceous, Valanginian, ca. 136 Ma), possesses characters (stem and costa conducting strands) that prompt revision of the familial and generic diagnoses. In turn, discovery of this new species motivates a broader re‐examination of the relationships of tricostate mosses and the significance of the tricostate condition, which we undertake here. Tricostate mosses are an entirely extinct group known exclusively from gametophytes possessing leaves with unique morphology, characterized by a central costa and two symmetric lateral costae that originate separately at the leaf base. The stratigraphic range of tricostate mosses spans the Mesozoic and they are known from eastern Asia and western North America. The group now includes seven species: four species included in the two genera of the family Tricostaceae and three species included in the genus Tricostium. Whereas the Tricostaceae are unequivocally a hypnanaean family, likely belonging to the order Hypnales, the affinities of Tricostium remain obscure, due to a lack of family‐level diagnostic characters. Morphological characters available in the fossils are insufficient for distinguishing Tricostium from the Tricostaceae unequivocally. Uncertainty about the relationships among tricostate mosses and their position in the broader moss systematics leaves unanswered the question of whether tricostate leaves, which are known only in these extinct mosses, have a single origin or have evolved convergently in different groups. The answer to this question also bears on the role of adaptive change in the evolution of tricostate leaves. Taken together, the habitats inferred for tricostate mosses and those that favor their closest living analogs suggest that tricostate leaves may have evolved in response to the selective pressures of variable rheophytic conditions, to minimize leaf damage due to friction and to desiccation‐induced shrinkage. Aside from the evolutionary origins of the tricostate condition and independent tests for the hypothesized drivers of tricostate leaf evolution, another major unanswered question concerns the causes and timing of the post‐Cretaceous extinction of tricostate mosses. The fossil record is likely to provide answers to many of the questions concerning the tricostate condition as additional tricostate mosses are currently under study and fossiliferous strata with good potential for preserving bryophyte fossils have been identified and will be targeted by future studies.
Development of a Voice Information Presentation Guidance System (VIPGS) Using Coanda‐Drone‐V2
Authors: Zhao Zejing , Mineshita Hiroki , Lim Hun‐ok
Published: November 2024

In this study, an aerial tour guide drone was developed based on the existing Coanda‐drone. The research integrated a Voice Information Presentation System with ROS2 using the open‐source PX4 flight control system to update the drone's control module. This system can recognize and read QR codes on displayed items and convert the text information from QR codes into speech for playback. It also utilizes left and right laser sensors for obstacle avoidance. Furthermore, the study conducted both simulation experiments and actual flight tests to validate the feasibility of equipping the Coanda‐drone with the voice information presentation system and to assess the flight capabilities of the Coanda‐drone. This system offers a novel solution for guidance and obstacle avoidance, demonstrating the potential of drones as flexible, highly secure, and efficient mobile service robots in the future. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Based Robust Parameter Estimation of Photovoltaic Array Model under Partial Shading Conditions
Authors: Wu Longjie , Zheng Yinyan , Ezzahrae El Harmach Fatima , Chen Chong , Zhang Zhengjiang , Hong Zhihui , Zhao Sheng
Published: November 2024

Parameter estimation of the photovoltaic (PV) array model is able to improve the accuracy of model parameter setting, and also obtain a model consistent with actual situations. It plays a very important role in the maximum power point tracking of PV array and the improvement of micro‐grid and at the same time further affects the sustainable development of new energy sources. In order to reduce the impact of gross errors on the results of parameter estimation, Correntropy based parameter estimation for PV array model under partial shading conditions is structured for robust estimation. In view of the fact that traditional particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm tends to converge prematurely and has poor local optimization capabilities and it is hard to resolve nonlinear parameter estimation problems with many nonlinear constraints, an algorithm (IPSO_SQP) that combines the improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm with sequential quadratic programming (SQP) is proposed to identify the parameters of photovoltaic (PV) arrays under partial shading conditions. to recognize the parameters of PV array under partial shading conditions. The algorithm optimizes the performance of conventional algorithms by introducing nonlinear dynamic updating of inertia weights and learning factors, as well as the Cauchy mutation operator. It is reflected in the use of improved nonlinear iterative formulations to balance the global and local search capabilities of the algorithm, followed by the introduction of the Cauchy mutation operator to avoid the algorithm from falling into local optima and satisfy the nonlinear constraints to obtain a better solution. After simulation and experimental tests, the results indicate that the IPSO_SQP algorithm has high performance and precision in the robust parameter estimation of PV array model under partial shading conditions. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Measuring supply chain resilience for informed resilience strategy investment
Authors: Femano Amanda L. , Breitbach Timothy
Published: November 2024

Existing supply chain resilience (SCR) research lacks a clear, holistic method to quantify resilience. This paper provides an improved SCR metric while exploring the inherent tradeoff between investments in inventory and production capacity to yield the most resilient supply chain network given budget constraints. Discrete event simulation is used to develop a generalizable metric to provide insight into how supply chain design and investment determine a network's response to a disruption. The developed resilience capability metric (RCM), utilizing area under the curve, measures the cumulative performance level of the system from disruption to a predetermined endpoint, representing how much of the system demand can be served by different network designs. Results indicate inventory and production have different effects on how a system behaves postdisruption, but that the two SCR investments should not be viewed independently since optimal performance is connected to coordinated adjustments to both. Additionally, the use of the RCM shows that a key factor in a supply chain's resilience is the speed of the response. By measuring the cumulative performance over the total event, RCM provides managers with the ability to truly compare different SCR investments to see which has the greatest impact on overall resilience.
Toxicological Effects of Sewage Sludge on Biochemical Biomarkers of Earthworms (Eisenia andrei)
Authors: Clasen Barbara , Finken Emerson Saueressig , Bisognin Ramiro Pereira , Storck Tamiris Rosso , Vasconcelos Marlon de Castro , Back Patrícia Inês Kemper , Gabriel Guilherme Eduardo Mörschbacher , Kerkhoff Jéssica Tais , Dezorzi Gabriela Dias , Zanella Renato , Prestes Osmar Damian
Published: November 2024

Sewage sludge, or biosolids, produced in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) can be used as an alternative to organic fertilizer in the agricultural field. However, it holds a large amount of anthropogenic chemicals, such as drugs and metals. The aim of the present study is to evaluate biochemical biomarker responses in earthworms (Eisenia andrei) exposed to soil presenting different sludge concentrations deriving from the largest WWTP in Southern Brazil. Treatments comprised 3%, 6%, 12%, 24%, 50%, and 75% of sludge incorporated to native forest soil, 100% of sludge and the control group (0%). Concentrations of different drugs, mainly of antibiotics, as well as high sulfur, magnesium, potassium, zinc, and phosphorus were identified in analyzed sewage sludge. Exposed earthworms were collected on the 7th, 14th, and 28th day of the experiment and subjected to analysis of lipid peroxidation levels (TBARS), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S‐transferase (GST) activity. Treatments with 50%, 75%, and 100% of sludge were lethal to earthworms after 7 days. Based on biochemical tests performed in treatments with 3%, 6%, 12%, and 24% of sludge, the highest sludge concentrations (12% and 24%) and the longest exposure time (28 days) led to significant changes in biomarkers. Therefore, sewage sludge must be incorporated into the soil at concentrations lower than 3%, mainly due to changes in CAT, AChE, GST, and the resulting lipid damage observed at concentrations of 6%, 12%, and 24%.
Training the trainers: The work of student affairs professionals in leadership training
Authors: Edwards Sarah R. , Taylor Joshua K.
Published: November 2024

Although universities often expect student affairs staff to possess advanced leadership skills, many have not undergone formal training as leadership educators, which often leads to inconsistent outcomes in leadership development programs. Drawing on best practices in facilitating leadership learning —including the use of multiple pedagogies, critical reflection, and the avoidance of superficial or unstructured facilitation—we argue leadership educators require specialized training to effectively facilitate leadership trainings. Moreover, institutions have underinvested in the professional development of leadership educators, despite the significant role they play in shaping student leadership competencies. Through targeted investments in professional development, universities can better equip their leadership educators, thereby ensuring more effective mentorship and impactful leadership experiences for students. This article calls for a paradigm shift in leadership education, advocating for a strategic commitment to developing educators who can fulfill the promise of training the next generation of leaders.
The role of identity exploration in student leadership training
Authors: Vaughn Laura , Owen Julie E. , Daniels Michael , Beatty Cameron C.
Published: November 2024

Identity exploration is a pivotal component in shaping effective student leadership trainers. This article examines identity exploration in student leadership training, highlighting the role of self‐awareness, reflection on positionality, and the intricate interplay of power and privilege within identity development. By delving into the nuances of identity, trainers can not only enhance their own understanding but also foster inclusive and empowering environments for emerging student leaders. We conclude with examples of programmatic and assessment praxis.
Navigating resistance in leadership training
Authors: Wiborg Erica R. , Manning‐Ouellette Amber , Rocco Melissa L.
Published: November 2024

This article offers an introduction to leadership training contexts, what resistance is, how resistance can show up in leadership training contexts, stories of resistance in leadership, and what practices might address resistance in these training contexts. Resistance can be described as a critically conscious act, whether verbal, cognitive, or physical, in which the act is in opposition to either someone or something. It is essential to understand the context in which the resistance is happening, as well as what is being resisted and who is involved in the act of resistance.
Seven strategies to consistently facilitate high‐impact trainings
Authors: Kroll Jonathan R.
Published: November 2024

This article is a practical resource for leadership educators who facilitate training experiences. Written as an invitation to tactically strategize and tangibly plan for your next training, the seven strategies have been proven to transform boring, lecture‐style, information dump, and slide deck trainings into high‐engagement, high‐enjoyment, and most importantly, high‐impact trainings. The result, when using these seven strategies consistently, is the potential for a total transformation in the leadership learning and development of your students. They will optimize their experience during the training by better accessing the training message, internalizing learning through hands‐on and immersive experiences, reflection, and dialogue, and then applying their learning to practice—where it matters most.
Irreversibility analysis of cross‐flow in Eyring–Powell nanofluid over a permeable deformable sheet with Lorentz forces
Authors: Khan Umair , Obalalu Adebowale Martins , Zaib Aurang , Ishak Anuar , Hussain Syed Modassir , Madhukesh Javali Kotresh , Seddek Laila F. , Abed Ahmed M.
Published: November 2024

The objective of this research is to explore the potential of utilizing renewable energy ships (RES) as a sustainable alternative and reducing the need for marine diesel oil (MDO) within the shipping industry. The current work concentrates on increasing the thermal performance in RES via the utilization of nanofluids (NFs) that contain a mixture of the base water fluid and single titania or titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs). Furthermore, the implementation of the entropy generation (EG) minimization and Eyring–Powell fluid model in parabolic trough solar collectors with Lorentz forces is employed for RES. Moreover, the results indicate that the skin friction coefficient (SFC) and local Nusselt number (LNN) supplements resulted in an increase of approximately 1.02% and 0.04% for the stable solutions (SBES), which can be attributed to the greater concentration of the titania NPs. Meanwhile, for the case of unstable solutions (USBES), the enhancement was observed up to 1.38% and 0.31%, respectively. Also, the solar radiation parameter played an important role in enhancing the LNN, resulting in an increase of approximately 5.8% and 4.35% for SBES and USBES, respectively. This article provides vital contributions to the sector of sustainable transportation by giving valuable information on the construction and improvement of thermal solar energy technologies.
An Introduction to Nonreligious Asylum Seekers
Authors: Laws Ben
Published: November 2024

This book examines the challenges of nonreligious asylum seekers, based on two years of fieldwork in Sweden, The Netherlands, and Norway. It highlights the unique difficulties they face, such as being incorrectly assimilated with religious converts, evidencing their non-belief, and the stereotypes that undermine their claims. Despite international human rights protections, nonreligious individuals often struggle within asylum systems due to biases and inadequate guidelines. The study provides detailed case portraits and analyses institutional processes, offering insights into the emotional toll on nonreligious claimants. It concludes with a discussion of recent policy developments and the role of NGOs in supporting nonreligious refugees.
Evidence-Hearing and Evidence-Making
Authors: Laws Ben
Published: November 2024

This chapter explores how cultural assumptions and Northern European preferences impact the assessment process for nonreligious asylum seekers. It highlights the challenges in articulating non-belief in a system that favours linear, logical narratives. The chapter contrasts the formal language of assessment institutions with the realities faced by claimants, revealing the transformation of evidence-hearing into evidence-making, and the inherent biases within this process. By examining specific case studies and testimonies, it sheds light on the procedural and interpretative obstacles that nonreligious individuals face.
Emotions
Authors: Laws Ben
Published: November 2024

Chapter 5 examines the affective dimensions of the asylum process, considering the emotional challenges faced by assessors, the emotions expected of and felt by asylum seekers, and the institutional framing of emotions. It discusses how the demand for substantively demonstrating belief leads to extreme actions by nonreligious claimants in creating evidence to support their cases. The chapter emphasises the pressures and emotional environment surrounding asylum decisions. By analysing the emotional landscapes navigated by all parties involved, it highlights the need for more empathetic and psychologically informed approaches within the asylum adjudication system.
Jensen and Hosszú Meet in a Casino. A Case Study of Two Functional Inequalities in Gambling Theory
Authors: Fechner Włodzimierz
Published: November 2024

In this note, we collect some properties of solutions of the casino inequality of Dubins and Savage. We exploit its interplay with the Hosszú inequality and with convexity or nonconvexity.
Metallic 2D and 3D re-entrant honeycomb auxetics produced by WAAM
Authors: Andrade David , Zhu Carlos , Miranda Hélio , Rodrigues Dulce
Published: November 2024

This study addresses the main challenges in manufacturing large-scale metallic auxetic structures, characterised by a negative Poisson’s ratio, focusing on achieving suitable geometry control, surface finish, and structural integrity using Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM). Specifically, the research employs the Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) process to fabricate 2D and 3D carbon steel auxetic cells. The primary objective is to address the challenges associated with the production of these structures. A comprehensive experimental and numerical analysis was conducted to investigate the influence of various factors, such as internal defects or geometric irregularities, such as pores and surface waviness, on the mechanical behaviour of the 2D and 3D auxetic cells under tensile and compressive loads, respectively. The compression tests revealed that despite minor defects and geometric imperfections, the manufactured cells consistently exhibit a negative Poisson’s ratio. This suggests that the WAAM-produced auxetic structures are viable and capable of maintaining their unique mechanical properties. Furthermore, the study emphasises the significance of parameters such as orientation and the number of auxetic cells in governing the overall auxetic behaviour of the components.
Cycle slip detection and repair method towards multi-frequency BDS-3/INS tightly coupled integration in kinematic surveying
Authors: Xiao Kai , Zhu Xiangwei , Zhang Lundong , Sun Fuping , Zhou Peiyuan , Li Wanli
Published: November 2024

Carrier phase integer ambiguities must be determined for BDS-3/inertial navigation system (INS) tightly coupled (TC) integration to achieve centimetre-level positioning accuracy. However, cycle slip breaks the consistency of the integer ambiguities. Conventional multi-frequency cycle slip methods use the pseudorange; thus, requiring improvement when applied to kinematic situations. Furthermore, a concise and nonprior information-dependent model is crucial for real-time processing. In this study, an inertial-aided BDS-3 cycle slip detection and repair (I-CDR) method was developed. First, a BDS-3/INS TC model with I-CDR was created. The ionospheric delays were modelled as part of the TC states; therefore, they could be estimated and eliminated. Investigations were conducted on the effects of carrier phase noise, residual ionosphere delay, and INS-predicted position error on combined cycle slip detection (CCD) accuracy. The optimal CCDs under various frequency available configurations were determined. The effectiveness of I-CDR was demonstrated using land vehicle test data. The false alarm ratio was less than 1.0%, and the missed detection ratio was almost zero even in situations with challenging abundant 1-cycle slips in random epochs. Furthermore, the right determination ratio reached 100%. In addition, BDS-3 signal loss-recovery cases were simulated, and all cycle slips for all satellites could be repaired within 40s. I-CDR exhibits outstanding cycle slip detection and repair performance for dense 1-cycle slip and signal loss-recovery cases, demonstrating its suitability for BDS-3/INS TC integration.
Retrieval of refractivity fields from GNSS tropospheric delays: theoretical and data-based evaluation of collocation methods and comparisons with GNSS tomography
Authors: Shehaj Endrit , Geiger Alain , Rothacher Markus , Moeller Gregor
Published: November 2024

This paper focuses on the retrieval of refractivity fields from GNSS measurements by means of least-squares collocation. Collocation adjustment estimates parameters that relate delays and refractivity without relying on a grid. It contains functional and stochastic models that define the characteristics of the retrieved refractivity fields. This work aims at emphasizing the capabilities and limitations of the collocation method in modeling refractivity and to present it as a valuable alternative to GNSS tomography. Initially, we analyze the stochastic models in collocation and compare the theoretical errors of collocation with those of tomography. We emphasize the low variability of collocation formal variances/covariances compared to tomography and its lower dependence on a-priori fields. Then, based on real and simulated data, we investigate the importance of station resolution and station heights for collocation. Increasing the network resolution, for example, from 10 to 2 km, results in improved a-posteriori statistics, including a 10% reduction in the error statistic for the retrieved refractivity up to 6 km. In addition, using additional stations at higher altitudes has an impact on the retrieved refractivity fields of about 1 ppm in terms of standard deviation up to 6 km, and a bias reduction of more than 3 ppm up to 3 km. Furthermore, we compare refractivity fields retrieved through tomography and collocation, where data of the COSMO weather model are utilized in a closed-loop validation mode to simulate tropospheric delays and validate the retrieved profiles. While tomography estimates are less biased, collocation captures relative changes in refractivity more effectively among the voxels within one height level. Finally, we apply tomography and collocation to test their capabilities to detect an approaching weather front. Both methods can sense the weather front, but their atmospheric structures appear more similar when the GNSS network has a well-distributed height coverage.
Depression-like effects induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress in mice are rapidly reversed by a partial negative allosteric modulator of mGlu5 receptor, M-5MPEP
Authors: Pałucha-Poniewiera Agnieszka , Bobula Bartosz , Rafało-Ulińska Anna , Kaczorowska Katarzyna
Published: November 2024

Rationale

Due to the numerous limitations of ketamine as a rapid-acting antidepressant drug (RAAD), research is still being conducted to find an effective and safe alternative to this drug. Recent studies indicate that the partial mGlu5 receptor negative allosteric modulator (NAM), 2-(2-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethynyl)-5-methylpyridine (M-5MPEP), has therapeutic potential as an antidepressant.

Objectives

The study aimed to investigate the potential rapid antidepressant-like effect of M-5MPEP in a mouse model of depression and to determine the mechanism of this action.

Methods

Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was used as an animal model of depression. The effects of single and four-day administration of M-5MPEP on CUMS-induced animal behaviors reflecting anhedonia, apathy, and helplessness were studied. Western blot was applied to measure the levels of proteins potentially involved in a rapid antidepressant effect, including mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2), tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), and serotonin transporter (SERT), both in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Furthermore, excitatory synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation (LTP) were measured in the medial PFC (mPFC).

Results

We showed that M-5MPEP administration for four consecutive days abolished CUMS-induced apathy- and anhedonia-like symptoms in a mouse model of depression. We also found that these effects were accompanied by changes in hippocampal TrkB levels and mTOR and eEF2 levels in the PFC. Using electrophysiological techniques, we showed that the four-day M-5MPEP treatment reversed chronic stress-induced increases in excitatory synaptic potential and CUMS-impaired LTP in the mPFC.

Conclusions

Partial mGlu5 receptor NAM, M-5MPEP, appears to be a potentially effective new RAAD and deserves further study.
Spatial variation in toll-like receptor diversity in koala populations across their geographic distribution
Authors: Cui Jian , Batley Kimberley C. , Silver Luke W. , McLennan Elspeth A. , Hogg Carolyn J. , Belov Katherine
Published: November 2024

The koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) is an iconic Australian species that is listed as endangered in the northern parts of its range due to loss of habitat, disease, and road deaths. Diseases contribute significantly to the decline of koala populations, primarily Chlamydia and koala retrovirus. The distribution of these diseases across the species’ range, however, is not even. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in innate immunity by recognising and responding to various pathogens. Variations in TLR genes can influence an individual’s susceptibility or resistance to infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to identify koala TLR diversity across the east coast of Australia using 413 re-sequenced genomes at 30 × coverage. We identified 45 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) leading to 51 alleles within ten TLR genes. Our results show that the diversity of TLR genes in the koala forms four distinct genetic groups, which are consistent with the diversity of the koala major histocompatibility complex (MHC), another key immune gene family. The bioinformatics approach presented here has broad applicability to other threatened species with existing genomic resources.
Efficacy of liposomal irinotecan + 5-FU/LV vs. S-1 in gemcitabine-refractory metastatic pancreatic cancer: a real-world study using inverse probability of treatment weighting
Authors: Imaoka Hiroshi , Ikeda Masafumi , Kobayashi Satoshi , Ohba Akihiro , Ueno Masayuki , Suzuki Yuko , Tsumura Hidetaka , Kimura Nana , Kawaguchi Shinya , Kawamoto Yasuyuki , Nakachi Kohei , Tsuji Kunihiro , Kobayashi Noritoshi , Ashida Reiko , Okano Naohiro , Umemoto Kumiko , Murohisa Gou , Hosokawa Ayumu , Asagi Akinori , Nebiki Hiroko , Suzuki Rei , Terashima Takeshi , Shibata Ryusuke , Kawata Kazuhito , Doi Toshifumi , Ohyama Hiroshi , Kitano Yohei , Shioji Kazuhiko , Okuyama Hiroyuki , Naganuma Atsushi , Negoro Yuji , Sakamoto Yasunari , Shimizu Satoshi , Morizane Chigusa , Ueno Makoto , Furuse Junji , Nagano Hiroaki ,   the Japan Oncology Network in Hepatobiliary and Pancreas
Published: November 2024

Background

S-1 monotherapy had previously been widely used as a second-line treatment for pancreatic cancer (PC) after gemcitabine-based chemotherapy mainly in Japan. Based on the results of the NAPOLI-1 trial, the recommended second-line therapy is now liposomal irinotecan plus fluorouracil/folinic acid (nal-IRI + 5-FU/LV). However, there have been no studies comparing nal-IRI + 5-FU/LV therapy with S-1 monotherapy.

Methods

The main objective of this study was to compare overall survival (OS) in patients treated with nal-IRI + 5-FU/LV and those treated with S-1 monotherapy as second-line treatments, using the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) method. This study was conducted in 31 institutions participating in Japan Oncology Network in Hepatobiliary and Pancreas. To minimize potential biases due to the retrospective design, IPTW analysis was performed with multiple imputation, and imputed IPTW-adjusted hazard ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a Cox proportional hazards model and combined into pooled estimates.

Results

A total of 463 metastatic PC patients were enrolled in this study (257 in the S-1 monotherapy group and 206 in the nal-IRI + 5-FU/LV group). The median OS was 7.50 months (95% CI 4.18–12.69 months) in the nal-IRI + 5-FU/LV group and 5.72 months (95% CI 2.76–10.79 months) in the S-1 monotherapy group. In the IPTW-adjusted Cox proportional hazards model, nal-IRI + 5-FU/LV was associated with a significant OS benefit (pooled IPTW-adjusted hazard ratio, 0.779; 95% CI 0.399—0.941; p = 0.025).

Conclusion

These findings support the use of nal-IRI + 5-FU/LV as standard second-line treatment for PC patients after gemcitabine-based chemotherapy.
Periodontal health in teeth treated with deep-margin-elevation and CAD/CAM partial lithium disilicate restorations—a prospective controlled trial
Authors: Hausdörfer Tim , Lechte Clemens , Kanzow Philipp , Rödig Tina , Wiegand Annette
Published: November 2024

Objectives

This prospective controlled clinical trial aimed to compare periodontal parameters of proximal deep-margin-elevation (DME) restoration margins with supragingival/equigingival restoration margins (control) on the opposite proximal surface of the same tooth.

Materials and methods

Subgingival one-sided proximal defects (mesial or distal) on (pre-)molars were restored with composite DME and CAD/CAM-manufactured lithium disilicate ceramic partial-coverage restorations. Periodontal parameters (bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal probing depths (PPD), plaque index (PI)) were recorded after insertion of the ceramic restoration (baseline) and at 1-year recall visit and compared between DME and control on the same tooth (Fisher’s exact test and Wilcoxon signed rank test, p < 0.05).

Results

Sixty-eight patients with 77 restorations were included. At baseline, periodontal parameters did not differ between DME and control. Sixty-two restorations could be examined after 1 year. BOP was significantly increased for DME (padj. = 0.003), but not for control (padj. = 0.714). Surfaces with DME showed a significantly higher proportion of BOP than control surfaces (DME: 45 restorations (73.8%), control: 27 restorations (44.3%); padj. = 0.005). PI increased significantly on all tooth surfaces (padj.<0.001), but did not differ between DME and control side (padj. = 0.162). Probing depths did not differ between baseline and follow-up (DME: padj. = 0.199, control: padj. = 0.116). Two restorations were replaced due to a ceramic fracture and secondary caries.

Conclusion

Proximal DME is associated with increased gingival inflammation compared to supragingival or equigingival restoration margins.

Clinical relevance

DME is a promising treatment approach for indirect restoration of teeth with deep proximal defects, but gingival inflammation should be expected.
Multi‐walled carbon nanotubes co‐doped with sulfur and nitrogen as sensors for the simultaneous electrochemical determination of biomolecules
Authors: Tsierkezos Nikos G. , Karagianni Alexandra , Reddmann Eike Felix , Ritter Uwe , Sanchez David E. , Terrones Mauricio , Kordatos Konstantinos V.
Published: November 2024

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes co-doped with sulfur and nitrogen (S–N-MWCNTs) were produced onto silicon/silicon oxide by means of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) upon decomposition of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and acetonitrile (ACN) in the presence of ferrocene (FeCp2). The synthesized S–N-MWCNTs were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Raman spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electrochemical response of S–N-MWCNTs towards oxidation of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), uric acid (UA), and glucose (GL) was investigated in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) (pH 7.4) by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV). Strong dependence of electrochemical quality of S–N-MWCNTs on the concentration of decomposed DMSO precursor was observed. Namely, upon increasing the percentage of decayed DMSO from 1.0 up to 2.0% wt., the electrocatalytic activity of S–N-MWCNTs tends to improve. The separations of oxidation waves between AA-DA, DA-UA, and AA-UA reached their maximum values on S–N-MWCNTs-3, fabricated upon decomposition of 2.0% wt. DMSO precursor, permitting their individual and simultaneous electrochemical determination. Strong interference of GL in the analysis of DA was observed, and consequently, simultaneous analysis of AA, DA, and UA can be only carried out in the absence of GL. A great influence of concentration of decomposed DMSO precursor on the sensitivity of S–N-MWCNTs was also observed. Specifically, upon increasing the percentage of decayed DMSO from 1.0 up to 2.0% wt., the sensitivity and detection capability of S–N-MWCNTs towards AA, DA, UA, and GL analytes tend to enhance.
The importance of promoting social relatedness during host language instruction for immigrant adolescents’ motivation, achievement and aspirations
Authors: Strohmeier Dagmar , Kollmayer Marlene , Korlat Selma , Schober Barbara , Spiel Christiane
Published: November 2024

This study tested the motivational and achievement-related factors associated with immigrant adolescents’ high educational and occupational aspirations. Adolescents residing in Austria (457 girls; 235 first-generation, 418 second-generation and 238 2.5-generation immigrants) aged 11 to 15 years (Mage = 12.50, SDage = 1.08) participated. For all three immigrant groups, high levels of social relatedness–supportive teaching styles in German language predicted high levels of scholastic self-concept, high levels of scholastic self-concept in German language predicted high levels of achievement, and high levels of academic achievement predicted high levels of aspirations. High levels of competence supportive teaching styles predicted high levels of scholastic self-concept only among first-generation immigrants. The implications for host country language instruction of immigrant adolescents are discussed.
Impact of LEO configuration on GPS precise orbit determination with un-differenced ambiguity resolution
Authors: Nie Liangwei , Wang Jungang , Tang Longjiang , Ge Haibo , Ge Maorong , Schuh Harald
Published: November 2024

Un-differenced (UD) ambiguity resolution (AR) is widely applied since it can avoid wrong-fixing and fix the most of ambiguities. However, in the precise orbit determination (POD) solution using ground network only, the accuracy of float estimates is not sufficient for a direct UD AR, and thus double-differenced (DD) AR must be conducted first. It is demonstrated that integrating low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites improves the accuracy of ambiguity-float solutions and consequently the improved ambiguity estimates enable successful UD AR. With more and more LEO satellites receiving Global Positioning System (GPS) observations, it is important to investigate the effect of different LEO configurations for LEO-augmented GPS UD AR. In this study, about 100 stations of the International GNSS Service (IGS), and eight LEO satellites with five orbital configurations, including two GRACE-FO, three SWARM, two SENTINEL-3, and one SENTINEL-6 satellites, are used for integrated processing of LEO satellites and ground network. The influence of different numbers of LEO satellites and orbital configurations on the performance of UD POD is investigated by analyzing the POD results of the ground network together with 35 different LEO-satellite schemes. We demonstrate that the performance of POD, in terms of GPS orbit accuracy and unsuccessful fixing in the UD AR solution, depends on the accuracy of float estimates. The number of unsuccessful fixings can be reduced by the increasing number of LEO satellites and orbital configurations. Moreover, including LEO satellites from more orbital configurations is more efficient for a given number of LEO satellites.
CO2 adsorption on a water-resist HKUST-1 by incorporation of Graphene Oxide
Authors: Loera-Serna Sandra , Cortés-Suárez Jonathan , Sanchez-Salas Roque , Ramírez-Rosales D. , Oliver-Tolentino M. , Ramos-Fernández Enrique V.
Published: November 2024

This paper aims to improve the aqueous stability and electrochemical activity of HKUST-1 (or Cu3(BTC)2, BTC = benzene 1,3,5-tricarboxylate; and HKUST from Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) by the incorporation of Graphene Oxide (GO). The synthesis was carried out in two steps; first, CuII ions were pre-adsorbed on the surface of GO, and then the BTC organic linker was added to form the HKUST-1 structure dispersed on GO sheets. Two concentrations of copper were used in the synthesis, 3.57 and 14.27 mmol, to obtain the samples: GO@HKUST-1low and GO@HKUST-1high, respectively. N2 adsorption properties of GO@HKUST-1high suggest an increase in surface area compared to HKUST-1 up to 1082.0 m2·g−1. In addition, the CO2 capture of GO@HKUST-1high increased from 5.34 (HKUST-1) to 6.92 mmol·g−1 at 273 K and 100 kPa. This improvement is associated with the dispersion of the HKUST-1 on the GO sheets achieved through the synthesis strategy used, which also increased the surface area, H2O adsorption capacity of the composite material, and electrochemical stability. After the H2O adsorption tests, XRD confirmed that the material was stable under aqueous conditions, showing that the material did not undergo any structural modification.
A multi-criteria decision support system to evaluate the effectiveness of training courses on citizens’ employability
Authors: Bas María C. , Bolós Vicente J. , Prieto Álvaro E. , Rodríguez-Echeverría Roberto , Sánchez-Figueroa Fernando
Published: November 2024

This study examines the impact of lifelong learning on the professional lives of employed and unemployed individuals. Lifelong learning is a crucial factor in securing employment or enhancing one’s existing career prospects. To achieve this objective, this study proposes the implementation of a multi-criteria decision support system for the evaluation of training courses in accordance with their capacity to enhance the employability of the students. The methodology is delineated in four stages. Firstly, a ‘working life curve’ was defined to provide a quantitative description of an individual’s working life. Secondly, an analysis based on K-medoids clustering defined a control group for each individual for comparison. Thirdly, the performance of a course according to each of the four predefined criteria was calculated using a t-test to determine the mean performance value of those who took the course. Ultimately, the unweighted TOPSIS method was used to evaluate the efficacy of the various training courses in relation to the four criteria. This approach effectively addresses the challenge of using extensive datasets within a system while facilitating the application of a multi-criteria unweighted TOPSIS method. The results of the multi-criteria TOPSIS method indicated that training courses related to the professional fields of administration and management, hostel and tourism and community and sociocultural services have positive impact on employability and improving the working conditions of citizens. However, courses that demonstrate the greatest effectiveness in ranking are the least demanded by citizens. The results will help policymakers evaluate the effectiveness of each training course offered by the regional government.
Momentum Transport in Heterogeneous Forest Canopies
Authors: Kadum Hawwa , Scott Ryan , Smith Sarah E. , Calaf Marc , Cal Raúl Bayoán
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the impact of spatial heterogeneity on momentum transport within forest canopies through wind tunnel experiments using 1:200 scale forest models. The models, crafted from 10 Pores Per Inch reticulated foam, emulate a leaf area index of 5.3 and include alternating patches and gaps of various sizes. Statistical results of the mean velocity profiles and velocity standard deviations show that the canopies develop a mixing layer. By employing lacunarity analysis to quantify spatial heterogeneity, we establish that the heterogeneity scale effectively represents variations in canopy height. The success of the lacunarity analysis as a metric is particularly noteworthy, providing a robust and practical measure of heterogeneity that can be easily applied in future research. Control volume analysis reveals that horizontal and vertical momentum advection terms rise as canopy heterogeneity increases, emphasizing its critical role in heterogeneous canopies and the possibility of describing this role using the lacunarity scale. The gaps also give rise to pressure terms through the local pressure gradient at each pattern. The study highlights the higher influence of gap size over heterogeneity scale on momentum flux. These insights contribute to improved parameterization of heterogeneous canopies in numerical weather prediction models, aiding in better representation of sub-grid scale processes and enhancing our understanding of canopy-atmosphere interactions.
Effect of irrigation canal conveyance efficiency enhancement on crop productivity under climate change in Nepal
Authors: Basukala Amit Kumar , Eschenbach Annette , Rasche Livia
Published: November 2024

Nepal is expanding its irrigation facilities as an adaptive measure to climate change; however, the current canal conveyance efficiency (CCE) is low with significant water losses. In this study, we assess the potential impact of increasing CCE on the productivity of rice, maize, and wheat under different climate change scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5), utilizing three bias-adjusted general circulation models. The study simulates potential yields at ecoregion levels for two periods: near future (2023 to 2050) and end-century (2075 to 2100). Management scenarios include the following: (1) business as usual, (2) CCE at 30%, (3) CCE at 50%, and (4) CCE at 70%. The results indicate that increasing CCE to 30%, coupled with expanded irrigated areas and adjusted fertilization rates, could boost yields by three tons per hectare across all three crops at the national level. Further increasing CCE to 50% could yield additional increases of up to 0.6 t/ha of maize and 1.2 t/ha of rice in the terai region. A CCE of 70% results in further increases of up to 2.1 t/ha of rice and 1.2 t/ha of maize. The benefits of improved CCE vary by location, with the subtropical terai region experiencing the most and the mountain regions showing the least. We conclude that there is potential to increase yields by increasing CCE to 70% in the terai region, 50% in the hill region, and 30% in the mountains. Wheat appears to benefit the least from improved CCE. This work highlights efficient irrigation as a reliable adaptive measure for future climate change in Nepal.