bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Islamic Perspectives on Theory Building in the Social Sciences
Authors: Ragab Ibrahim A.
Published: December 2020

The issue of the relevance of Islam to modem "scientific" thinking isflanked on both sides by extreme positions. On further investigation,however, these positions tun out to reflect certain misconceptions only,perpetuated by certain structural and pemnal factors that lend themselvesreadily to systematic analysis and, hopefully, correction. On the one hand,we have legions of Muslim social scientists who still flinch at hearing ofattempts to integrate divine revelation with science. Many of them wouldfind the title of this paper problematic, if not outright self-contradictory.What does Islam, or any other religion for that matter, have to do withscience or with theory building, they would ask.This response should hardly be unexpected, considering the type ofacademic and professional indoctrination that we all have gone through.The scientific establishment, with its overriding positivist-empiricistleanings, has long adopted and encouraged an attitude-or more correctlya "faith"-of sepamtion between science and religion. Consider, for example,the following statement by no less an authority than the NationalAcademy of Sciences in the United States, in 1981:Religion and science are separate and mutually exclusive realmsof human thought, presentation of which in the same contextleads to misunderstanding of both scientific theory and Feligiousbelief. (Sperry 1988, 608-9)This terse statement is representative of the attitudes of those whoadhere to the old paradigm, seemingly totally oblivious of the fundamentalcriticisms leveled from all directions at that type of outmodedview of science.On the other hand, we have those Muslim scientists already active inthe Islamic science movement who may find the content of the paper objectionablebecause it does not depart enough from the Western model of ...
Religious Identity, Citizenship, and Welfare
Authors: Ahmad Waqar I.
Published: December 2020

In addressing the situation of Muslim communities in Britain, it isapparent that one of the major frameworks for understanding their situationhas been the notion of "Citizenship," for citizenship is a means ofidentifying critical aspects of the relationship between the individual andthe state. Following Bottomore (1992), we may make a useful distinctionbetween "formal" and "substantive" citizenship: the former being Simplydefined as "membemhip in a nation state" and the latter as "an array ofcivil, political, and especially social rights, involving also some kind ofparticipation in the business of government'' (ibid.).There are a number of salient points that should be made in relationto examining the implications of this distinction. First, we may note thatthe legal definition of citizenship is always informed by the cultural andethnic agendas historically rooted in the foundation myths of each nationstate.Thus in France, for example, just as the revolutionary iconographyof the Tricolor, Marianne, and Liberty, Equality, and Fratemity continueto serve contemporary national sentiments (Hobsbawm 1983), so todayFrench legal framing of formal citizenship is infused with its revolutionaryroots:La tradition centraliste francaise interdit la reconnaissance dansl'espace public des 'communautes', au sens oii elles existent auWtats-Unis. (Schnapper 1990).Consequently, in France neither ethnicity nor religion are formally relevantin determining access to citizenship ...
Counseling Values and Objectives
Authors: Jafari Mumtaz F.
Published: December 2020

Counseling has established itself as a helping profession with an academicbase. Its development has been influenced largely by the socioeconomic,occupational, and technical changes found in western societyas well as the various personal and social problems getmane to its societalorganization. Although emerging as a profession only during thetwentieth century, its origins can be traced back to the post-Renaissanceera. It therefore has a distinct orientation, identity, and focus. The existingbody of knowledge and the relevant repettoire of counseling techniquesand ptactices address the demands of western society within its sociomodvalue structure. The question then arises as to whether adding thetetm "Islamic" to the available discipline of counseling catties any legitimacyat this stage.This paper is an attempt to examine critically the evolutionary contextof counseling, the value system in which it is immersed, and the objectivesit endeavors to address. The framework used for this examinationis the Islamic outlook on life and the associated objectives and values thatIslam regards as detettninants of human behavior. It is assumed that thiscompatative approach to the underlying perspectives, objectives, andvalues will explain the congruence or incongruence between the existingmodel(s) of counseling and any alternative Islamic model(s).It must be realized that Islamizing the prevalent secular-materialisticcounseling thanes and practices cannot be accomplished by merely affixingthe label "Islamic." Thus this paper should not be seen as an attempt ...
Islamic Perspectives on Social Work Practice
Authors: Al-Dabbagh Afaf
Published: December 2020

Social work practice in most Islamic and developing countries hasfollowed the western model in the belief that professional practice is universal.After fifty years of social work practice in these countries, however,we find that this model has largely failed due to its exclusion of religiousvalues and spiritual aspects. During the last decade, westem professionalsrealized that the inefficacy of social work practice was due toits avoidance of spiritual and religious aspects in theory and methodology.The conceptional scientific method based on scientific materialismhas not provided a comprehensive study of humanity and society, for itsdependence on the senses as the sole source of knowledge meant thatrevelation-derived knowledge was seen as unimportant. Scientific methodologymust be reviewed and reoriented so that it depends on revelationand sense experience as sources of knowledge. As such, the Islamic reorientationof both the social sciences and professions will be necessaryduring the process of establishing models for sciences based on scientificmethodology with regard to revelation as a source of knowledge.The research problem deals with how to reorient social work practicefrom an Islamic viewpoint. To achieve this, the Islamic views on fivemain aspects must be considered: hum& nature; divine laws governingindividual behavior and social organization; causes of individual and socialproblems; social welfare systems; and practice theory.The Islamization of knowledge methodology of Isdil a1 FSrCiqiwas used. It has three main elements: to a) review modem sciences, analyzetheir background, and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses fromthe Islamic view; b) undetstand and study scholarly contributions basedon Muslim scholars’ undemtanding of the Qur’an and Sunnah and c) jointhe Islamic view and modem science outputs into one integrated system.The methodology followed was: a) a verse-by-verse review of theQur’an to identify key elements related to the research questions. Next,the interpretation of selected verses was located in authoritative tafsirtexts; b) al BukhGri’s hadith compilation was reviewed in the same fashion.Explanations of selected hadiths were also sought in Ibn Hajar; c)classical and modem Islamic scholarly writings were reviewed to identifyrelevant contributions to the research d) a review of modem socialscience literabm was made for each research question. This was followedby a critical evaluation of modem theories and concepts from the Islamicview (generated in the previous phase of the study); e) based on theevaluation’s results, an attempt was made to integrate what was worthwhilein modem scholarship with the broader parameters of the Islamic ...
The Islamic Impact on Western Civilization Reconsidered
Authors: Kohsul Basit B.
Published: December 2020

IntroductionThe topic of the Islamic impact on western civilization has receiveda great deal of attention from various Muslim scholars, and some attentionfrom western scholars. When discussing this topic, Muslims usuallyconcentrate on providing a list of important scientific discoveries madeby Muslims with the intent of proving that Muslims made the discoveriesbefore the Europeans. For example: Ibn Sina’ (d. 1036) used an air thermometerand Ibn Yunus (c. 900) used a pendulum many centuries beforeGalileo, al Idrisi (c. 1000) discovered and mapped the sources of the NileRiver nine hundred years before the Europeans, and al Zarkayl provedthat the planetary orbits were elliptical-not circular-many centuries inadvance of Copernicus.Whereas the historical authenticity of these claims cannot be questioned,such discussion does not shed much light on the Islamic impact onwestern civilization. It is entirely possible that even though the Europeansmade the noted discoveries many centuries after the Muslims, they did sowithout having any knowledge of earlier Islamic works. Such is the casein the above-mentioned examples. Hence, the issue of the Islamic impacton the West cannot be discussed in this context.Due to the shortcoming of the typical method of discussing the issueat hand, this paper will adopt an alternative method: the history of ideasand intellectual traditions in the Muslim world and the West. An attemptwill be made to identify broad trends and characteristics of the western andIslamic intellectual traditions in order to discover possible links. The primacyof reason, logic, and the scientific method are the defining characteristicsof the western intellectual tradition from the Renaissance to thepresent. Prior to the Renaissance, Christian theology determined ...
Islamic Commercial Law
Authors: Kamali Mohammad Hashim
Published: December 2020

Introductory RemarksThe Islamic law of transactions (mu'amalat) has often been singled outas the most important area of contemporary research in Islamic theses, somuch so that, according to some observers, its priority is even higher thanthat of research in applied sciences and medicine. This status is due to thecritical importance of commercial transactions in the wealth generation andproductivity prospects of contemporary Muslim countries. New researchon issues of conventional fiqh al mu'amalat is essential for the viability andsuccess of economic development programs in Muslim countries. In recentdecades, research interest in fiqh al mu'amalat has been shifting increasinglyto specific themes and development of new operative formulas tostimulate profitable business in the marketplace. Evidently, futures tradingis one such theme where original ijtihad is required to enhance theprospects of economic success, especially in farming and agro-based industriesin developing Muslim countries.The futures market is where contracts for future sale and purchase canbe concluded for standardized quantities and qualities of commodities, currencies,bonds, and stocks. Ever since the large-scale inception of futuresmarkets in the early 1970s, new products and trading formulas in varioustrade sectors involving commodities, options, financial futures, and stockindex futures, among others, have increased so much that futures contractscurrently are available in over eighty commodities, ranging from foodgrains, oil and oil seeds, sugar, coffee, livestock, eggs, orange juice, cotton,rubber, precious metals, and currencies. In terms of volume, futures tradinghas far exceeded trading levels in conventional stocks and, currently, is thesingle most voluminous mode of commerce on the global scale ...
Islamic Education
Authors: Sahadat John
Published: December 2020

IntroductionThe aim of this article and its importance is to show how the Islamicview of education can make a timely contribution to the contemporaryworld. This can be demonstrated because Islam is inclusive of the materialand spiritual dimensions of human existence and emphasizes primordialvalues for the cultivation of life in this world and for the preparationof life in the postresurrection. Although Islam acknowledges thegreat strides of the human mind in the accumulation and application ofacquired knowledge, and though it recognizes certain virtues in humanism,it does not make man “the measure of all things.” Islamic educationgoes beyond secularism by making God‘s revelation in the HolyBooWQur’an the absolute measure of all things. This is the norm bywhich we must determine our intention in all our actions, as well as oursense of duty, responsibility, and accountability to God, our fellowhuman beings, and nature without compromising fundamental values.Modem Western civilization has seen the rapid rise of science andtechnology and their enormous potentials for production as well asdestruction. Two world wars, the Bolshevik revolution of 1917, and (inour present day) the Gulf War have demonstrated without the shadow ofa doubt that whereas science and technology can create and produce,they can also destroy. However, it does not follow that because we areadvanced in nuclear physics we have wars. The cause-and-effect relationshipbetween technology and war does not necessarily follow. Thereis no such thing as scientific/technological determinism. Technology ofits own accord cannot determine a course of action. Nor is there such athing as the conscience of science or technology. It is only the humanbeing who has a conscience, and it is always the human being in thebackground who determines how science and technology should be ...
International Seminar on Counseling and Psychotherapy
Authors: Haque Amber
Published: December 2020

A three-day international seminar jointly organized by theDepartment of Psychology, International Islamic UniversityMalaysia (IIUM) and the International Institute of IslamicThought Malaysia (IIITM) was held August 15-17, 1997, inKuala Lumpur, Malaysia.Inaugurating the seminar, the Honomble Rector Dr. AbdulHamid A.AbuSulayman expressed happiness with the number of participants whoare trying to look at human problems from an Islamic perspective. Hesaid that intense research and hard work are needed to establish anIslamic framework of understanding human behavior and that scholarsshould not be impatient during this process. He reminded the participantsthat Muslim psychologists derive their understanding from the Qur’anand the Sunnah and that therefore their vision is different from other psychologistsand counselors. He also said that Muslim psychologists haveto delve deeply into themselves to gain self-understanding and selfstrengthbefore they can help others. The conference was marked bykeynote addresses that were delivered by renowned Muslim psychologistsfrom around the world.Dr. Malik Badri of Sudan highlighted the achievements and discoveriesof early Muslim scholars in the field of psychotherapy. He pointedout that Ibn Sina explained the learning of adaptive and maladaptivebehavior on the basis of associative learning principles. He said that IbnSina and Al-Ghazali also explicated the developments of feeling ofrevulsion toward n a h d and useful objects in terms of stimulus substitutionsimilar to today’s conditioning concept. Dr. Badri further ...
Issues in Corporate Accountability and Governance
Authors: Abdul Rahman Abdul Rahim
Published: December 2020

IntroductionCorporate power in the twentieth century has clearly emerged as adominant social institution in the lives of citizens all over the globe. Thejoint stock company has been a great invention through its ability to createwealth, build economies, generate jobs, and even change societies.The scope of corporate power is considerable. Many modem corporationshave produced income even larger that the gross national productsof some respectable nations. The significance of this power, as argued bysome commentators, is the extent to which the corporation has evenreplaced the church as the dominant social institution in the lives of citizensof industrialized nations.’However, there are serious concerns over the excessive power of modemcorporations.Corporate power, clearly, is the predominant power in the society andthe problem is how to limit it. The concern for public policy, summedup in the phrase “social responsibility”: derives from the growing conceptionof a commercial society and the controls which a polity mayhave to impose on economic ventures that generate unforeseen consequencesfar beyond intentions, or power of control, of the initiatingparties.Thus, when corporations rape the environment or abuse us as guineapigs, suddenly we awaken to the realities of our individual powerlessnessand our dependence on their smooth and presumably benign ...
Ethics from an Islamic Perspective
Authors: Zaroug Abdullahi Hassan
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this article is to show the complexity of the field ofethics and to point to the need for a comprehensive study in the disciplineof Islamic ethics. It makes a preliminary attempt at tackling foundationalissues on the subject, such as the possibility of morality; itsimportance. autonomy, nature, and scope; and the possibility of historicalstudies. It also reviews some contemporary works on Islamicethics, especially the methods they used to study Islamic ethics, in orderto show their points of strength and vulnembility. Finally, it gives abrief account of the contributions of the different Muslim schools ofthought to ethics and recommends cerrain topics for further study.
The Legacies of Fazlur Rahman for Islam in American
Authors: Waugh Earle H.
Published: December 2020

In this paper, a student of Fazlur Rahman advances critical reflections on the meaning of Fazlur Rahman's work to the development of Islamic thought and under.,tanding among Muslims of America The paper not only examines Rahman's impact on Islamic thought but also explores his influence on the American academy. How the presence of an Islamic thinker affected the secular neutrality of American univer.,ities and the study of religion itself is an important aspect of this article. The author explores Rahman's endeavor., to remind the West of its Islamic heritage and his challenge to Muslims to reinterpret their traditions. The author seeks finally to identify the methodological basis of Fazlur Rahman's ????ork and how it enriched the tradition of Islamic modernism.
Financing the Development of Awqaf Property
Authors: Kahf Monzer
Published: December 2020

This article identifies the various ways in which Islamic endowments helped provide essential services for public welfare during the heyday of Islamic civilization. Four goals are essentially accomplished. One, the importance of endowments in an Islamic society is identified. Two, the various fonns of funding that have been used in the past for estab­ lishing Islamic endowments are explored. Three, the ways in which Islamic endowments can be expanded and new funds raised are exam­ined. Finally, the author proposes ways by which public sources can be used to create new sources of funding for awqaf properties. He hopes that these new means can play a major role in developing contemporary Muslim societies.
Nurturing Islamic Peace Discourse
Authors: Crow Karim
Published: December 2020

As the Muslim movements gain momentum around the Muslim world,so does the need for a discourse that would make a religious traditionrelevant to the conditions of modernity. Unless Muslims are consciousof the conditions and challenges of modernity and its historical and contemporarytrajectory, they cannot succeed in their emancipation fromtheir oppressors. A new discourse must be produced by those hluslimswho can look at the conditions of their times critically, in their pursuitof justice. Such a movement will produce a new epistemic basis for thenew Muslim society, which still may be a mass society. The thought ofimportant scholars, Khalis M. Jalabi and Jawadat Sai’d, is discussed astwo examples of Islamic peace discourse.
Taqlid and Ijtihad
Authors: Al 'Alwani Taha J.
Published: December 2020

The Polemics of IjtihadFrom the second hijri century until the present day, the reality, the essence,the rules, the conditions, the premises, the means, and the scope of ijtihadhave remained a source of debate engaging some of the Islamic world's greatesttheologians, scholars of al usul, and fuqaha': This debate has also been enrichedby proponents of the view that the door of ijtihad was closed and that thefiqh left by the Four Imams obviated the need for any further ijtihad, aswell as by those who claimed that this door was still open and that the existingfiqh was not sufficient to guide the contemporary Muslim world.In our own times, attention is now focused on the suitability of the Shari'ahas an order and a way of life. This new topic of debate, before unknownamong Muslims, emerged after the crushmg defeats experienced by the Muslimummah after the First World War, such as the dismantling of the khihfahand the creation of artificial states ruled from Europe. Many Muslims blamedIslam and its institutions for their defeat, and soon began to emulate theirconquerors. Others, however, had a quite different view: the Muslim ummahexperienced these disasters because it had become alienated from the eternaltruths of Islam. Thus, what was required was a return to the true Islam andnot its wholesale rejection in favor of alien institutions and ideologies. Onefundamental part of this return would have to be the use of ijtihad, for howelse could Muslims incorporate Islamic principles into situations with whichthey had never had to deal?Muslims who hold the latter view are aware of the fact that they mustmeet their opponents in the realm of ideas, for it is here that the future courseof the ummah will be decided. To be successful, much energy must beexpended in scholarship and conceptual thinking, in seeking to understandhumanity's place in the divine scheme of existence and what is expected ofit, and how this knowledge might be applied by Muslims as they struggle ...
Human Authenticity and the Question of God in the Philosophy of Bernard Lonergan
Authors: Rojka Lubos
Published: December 2020

In his Insight, Lonergan presents a general form of the argument for the existence of God: “reality is completely intelligible, therefore, God exists.” Its framework may be characterized as a Leibnizian version of the cosmological argument from the contingency of empirical reality to the unrestricted act of understanding. The acceptance of Lonergan's argument presupposes familiarity with his theory of being and objectivity. In my analysis, since Lonergan uses heuristic (second order) definitions and dialectical method in his justification of the complete intelligibility of reality, the argument invites continuous examination of the proposed alternative metaphysical theories.
THE PARADIGM OF ECONOMIC ENERGY SECURITY BY ORIENTATION ON RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
Authors: DERKACH Tetyana , CHEBANENKO Denys
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The topic of renewable energy today is one of the most relevant and requires consideration from the point of view of all components of this process, namely economic, financial, environmental, technological, and others. The transition to renewable energy is already irreversible today since natural resources are depleted, fuel prices are the subject to significant fluctuations, and the stable growth of the national economy is ensured by energy security.

The purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze the volume of global energy consumption, to analyze the impact of the introduction of renewable energy sources on the development of the national economy, to ensure energy security with the depletion of hydrocarbon resources and a slight diversification of their suppliers.

Results. Today the Ukrainian economy is the most energy-intensive. Unstable energy prices are a threat both to the global economy and to each country separately. Therefore, in the event of a decrease in the supply of traditional energy resources, the importing countries experience the greatest difficulties. The existing tendency in Ukraine to increase the consumption of traditional energy sources, combined with the absence of a targeted policy aimed at reducing the volume of environmental pollution, will lead to an increase in negative economic consequences. The advantage of renewable energy sources is their equal distribution throughout the country (with the exception of water resources). This feature leads to the formation of one of the main characteristics of power systems based on renewable energy sources, namely, their decentralization. It should be borne in mind that the world energy market is made up of state and non-state participants. Non-state participants are showing an upward trend. However, the state should have the greatest influence on the national energy sector. Renewable energy is an area that, in the Ukrainian context, depends on state support, namely economic and administrative incentives. The dynamics of the development of renewable energy should be combined with the balanced development of the fuel and energy sector in Ukraine.

Conclusions. The process of development and transition to renewable energy needs a systematic approach. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches are needed to assess the transition to renewable energy. An effective strategy for the transition to the introduction of renewable energy technologies should be justified by economic feasibility. The transition from traditional energy to renewable sources should lead to energy security, which contributes to stable economic growth, political independence, and improving the quality of the environmental component.
BANK PROJECT FINANCING IN THE CONDITIONS OF MACROECONOMIC INSTABILITY IN UKRAINE
Authors: DEMCHYSHAK Nazar , SHCHUREVYCH Oksana , HEORHIIEVSKA Olha
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Banking project investments as one of the important factors of economic development of any country should be investigated. Despite the relative novelty of project financing in Ukraine, it should be studied because this process has been widely used for a long period in the world, which is confirmed by the implementation of large-scale projects.

The purpose of the article is the implementation of a comparative analysis of bank project financing in Ukraine and the world during the pre-crisis macroeconomic situation, as well as the development of appropriate proposals for further development of the mentioned investments.

Results. It substantiated the promotion project financing would be impossible in the conditions of the predominance of the short-term loans and the unwillingness of banking institutions to participate in the financing of infrastructure and investment projects. The factors hindering the development of bank project financing in Ukraine were determined. Significant potential for the rapid development of project financing has been fully confirmed by the corresponding market demand. However, for the development of project financing in Ukraine it is necessary to realistically and in detail assess the viability and profitability of projects. Also, the most effective leverage can and should be appropriate changes in the legislation that might give the guarantee bilateral protection of investors and creditors, as well as describe the approaches to the formation of a simplified mechanism for this type of financing.
EXPORT-IMPORT OPERATIONS OF THE USSR AND CUSTOMS ACTIVITIES IN THE PERIOD 1941–1945
Authors: FRADYNSKYI Oleksandr
Published: December 2020

Introduction. TThe question of the functioning of the customs system during World War II is one of the little-studied but extremely interesting pages in the history of domestic finance, because foreign economic activity did not stop for a single day during the hostilities.

The purpose is research on the organization of export-import operations in the USSR during 1941–1945 in the context of their scope and features of implementation and clarification of the role and importance of the customs service in ensuring these processes.

Methods. In the course of work on the article were used general and special research methods: analysis, generalization, statistical, graphical, tabular.

Results. The article deals with the issue of the USSR foreign economic activity during the active fighting with Germany. It is found that for objective reasons, Soviet imports were 19 times the majority of exports. This trend was absolutely natural, because the country, having suffered huge losses at the initial stage of the war, needed weapons, strategic raw materials, industrial equipment, food, fuel and more. The issue of the organization of import deliveries from the Allied countries was raised on June 29, 1941. Due to the beginning of the armed aggression of Germany, the western direction of foreign trade of the USSR was closed, both on land routes and in the waters of the Baltic and Black seas. When analyzing indicators of imports, it should be understood that the bulk of the revenue, both in physical terms and in value, falls on land-lease – forms of military-economic assistance to allied countries, first and foremost, from the US, which was a free supply of military machinery, vehicles, equipment and equipment, technologies, materials, fuel, food required for combat in World War II. Under these conditions, the importance of the customs service, which, in times of war, exercised control over export-import operations, movement across the customs border of cargoes, vehicles, passengers, postal items; fought smuggling and losses in foreign trade; administer customs payments. The factors that led to the activities of customs authorities in 1941–1945 were: conduct of hostilities; repeated decrease in foreign trade volumes; change of structure of export and import (reorientation on military and strategic goods and cargoes); reduction of passenger traffic; organization of delivery on the system of a lease-lease. The main burden of customs clearance and control fell in the customs of the northern (Arkhangelsk and Murmansk), southern (Baku, Julfin, Gaudan) and Far Eastern (Vladivostok) regions. With the start of hostilities, in the territory of Ukraine, the customs were liquidated, but from January 1944 the process of their restoration in the liberated port cities began.
A drastic increase in critical thickness for strained SiGe by growth on mesa-patterned Ge-on-Si
Authors: Wagatsuma Youya , Alam Md. Mahfuz , Okada Kazuya , Yamada Michihiro , Hamaya Kohei , Sawano Kentarou
Published: December 2020

We demonstrate that the critical thickness for Ge-rich strained SiGe layers can be drastically increased by a factor of more then two by means of growth on mesa-patterned Ge-on-Si. The Si0.2Ge0.8 layer grown on sub-millimeter mesa Ge-on-Si is fully strained and free from ridge roughness, while the same Si0.2Ge0.8 layers grown on unpatterned Ge-on-Si and a Ge substrate are partially strain-relaxed with the surface covered by high-density ridge roughness. This demonstrates that the proposed patterning method can provide thick and stable strained SiGe films as promising templates for realization of strained SiGe-based optoelectronic and spintronic devices.
Composition of population and transport of juveniles of Antarctic krill in Powell Basin region (northwestern Weddell Sea) in January 2020
Authors:   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS, Spiridonov V.A. , Zalota A.K. ,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS, Yakovenko V.A. ,   A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Gorbatenko K.M. ,   Pacific Branch of FSBSI «VNIRO» («TINRO»)
Published: December 2020

This paper presents the data on distribution and size composition of the Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) population in the northwestern Weddell Sea (Powell Basin) and adjacent areas in summer 2020. Juvenile krill dominated in the western Powell basin and the eastern Bransfield Strait as a result of transport with the advected Weddell Sea water and drifting sea ice. Using a distribution mixture analysis made possible to identify up to 9–10 size groups of krill. Groups 1–4 corresponds to juveniles (average size about 22, 25, 27–28 and 32 mm respectively). They may reflect the transport of different “waves” of recruitment of the Atlantic sector krill population with the waters of the western branch of Weddell Gyre as well as the presence of juvenile krill of local origin. Groups 5–7 are intermediate in size (average length within 38–43 mm) and include mostly immature specimens. Larger groups 8–10 comprise of mostly mature females and mature and immature males. The maximum average size of the largest group reaches about 53 mm. the Wedell Front zone in the north of Powell Basin plays an in important role for retention and growth of krill, originating from different sources: western Weddell Sea, Bransfield Strait and the zone of the southern branch of Antarctic Circumpolar Current.
Development of Human-Computer Interactive Interface for Intelligent Automotive
Authors: Jianan Lyu , Abas Ashardi
Published: December 2020

The wide application of information technology and network technology in automobiles has made great changes in the Human-computer interaction. This paper studies the influence of Human-computer interaction modes on driving safety, comfort and efficiency based on physical interaction, touch screen control interaction, augmented reality, speech interaction and somatosensory interaction. The future Human-com-puter interaction modes such as multi-channel Human-computer interaction mode and Human-computer interaction mode based on biometrics and perception techno-logy are also discussed. At last, the method of automobile Human-computer interaction design based on the existing technology is proposed, which has certain guiding significance for the current automobile Human-computer interaction interface design.
ANALYTICAL CALCULATION OF THE DEFLECTIONOF A SPATIAL HINGE-ROD FRAME WITH AN ARBITRARY NUMBER OF PANELS
Authors: Kirsanov M. N.
Published: December 2020

Statement of the problem. The task is to obtain in symbolic form the dependence of the deflection of the proposed scheme of a statically definable spatial truss of a regular type on the number of panels under various loads, including the load from the truss plane. A truss has two independent parameters that define its proportions.Results. For several types of loading according to the Maxwell - Mohr formula, analytical dependences of the deflections of the structure on the number of panels, load, and dimensions are derived. When generalizing a series of partial solutions with a given number of panels to an arbitrary number of panels, together with operators of the Maple computer mathematics system, the induction method is used. Asymptotic approximations of solutions are obtained.Conclusions. The proposed model of a spatial frame with two independent numbers of panels that define the proportions of the structure allows an analytical solution of the problem of deflection under different types of loading. The derived formulas can be used as test formulas for evaluating approximate numerical solutions and for optimization problems.
RELAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE FÍSICA E NÍVEL DE ESTRESSE AGENTES PENITENCIÁRIOS NO MUNICÍPIO DE PORTO VELHO-RONDÔNIA
Authors: Martins Madson Belém , Silio Luís Felipe , Antunez Bruno Fernandes , Silva Onezímo Gregório da , Rodrigues Mila Alves de Matos , Oliveira José Ricardo Lourenço de , Oliveira Heleise Faria dos Reis de , Pereira Adriano de Almeida , Lima Bráulio Nascimento , Fileni Carlos Henrique Prevital , Martins Gustavo Celestino , Camargo Leandro Borelli de , Carvalho Alexandre Freitas de , Passos Ricardo Pablo , Vilela Junior Guanis de Barros , Gonçalves Luis Gonzaga de Oliveira
Published: December 2020

O trabalho dos agentes penitenciários é altamente estressante, pois possui entre outras preocupações: rebeliões, tentativas de fuga, tentativas de agressões, ameaças de morte dentro e fora das unidades prisionais. Desta forma, elencou-se a questão problema: A prática da atividade física pode diminuir os níveis de estresse em agentes penitenciários? Essa preocupação, muitas vezes, estende-se aos familiares, o que gera um alto nível de estresse. Portanto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi correlacionar o nível de estresse de agentes penitenciários com os níveis de atividades físicas. Para a metodologia utilizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva de análise quantiqualitativa. A amostra abrangeu 64 agentes penitenciários. Os instrumentos de medidas utilizados foram; o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física, versão curta (IPAQ), utilizado para avaliar o nível de atividade física e para a avaliação do nível de estresse, utilizou-se o Inventário de Sintomas de Estresse para adultos de LIPP (ISSL). O resultado da pesquisa, apontou que 25% dos agentes são sedentários, 25% estão no nível de irregularmente ativos, 30% ativos e 20% muito ativos. Em relação ao estresse, 58% estavam sem estresse e 42% foram diagnosticados com estresse, sendo que desses 42%, 7% estavam na fase de exaustão, 11% na fase de quase exaustão, 78% na fase de resistência e 4% na fase de alerta. Na análise de correlação entre atividade física e estresse, não foi encontrada associação (P=0,28 e rho= - 0,14). A pesquisa indica que os agentes penitenciários do presídio Edvan Mariano Rosendo, possuem um nível muito alto de estresse, sendo que a classe corre alto risco de obter doenças graves, e que por isso, medidas devem ser tomadas com urgência, para contribuir na diminuição do estresse.
UZBEKISTAN-SOUTH KOREA: NEW PERSPECTIVES OF COOPERATION IN THE EDUCATION SECTOR
Authors: M.T.Alokhanov
Published: December 2020

This article highlights the stages of development of the international cooperation of the Republic of Uzbekistan with South Korea in the education sector, the country where cooperation is established, the results of cooperation, and plans. Furthermore, it analyses the reforms carried out in the field of education during the independence in Uzbekistan.
KEYWORDS: education, reform, civilization, subject, country, culture, scientist, academy, coexistence, law, government, benefit
The Effects of Internal Heat Generation or Absorption on Mixed Convection in a Lid-Driven Rectangular Cavity using Finite Volume Method
Authors: Abu Bakar Norhaliza , Roslan Rozaini , Md Akhir Mohd Kamalrulzaman
Published: December 2020

Mixed convection heat transfer in cavities is a significant phenomenon in numerous engineering fields, such as nuclear reactors, solar energy storage, and heat exchangers. Despite acknowledging that a square is a basic shape found in these systems, not all the figures are geometrical. Less attention was given to the rectangle cavity even though it could be found in these systems. Various internal reactions could occur inside the systems, especially in geothermal heat exchangers. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the effect of internal heat generation or absorption in a two-dimensional (2D) horizontal cavity to the fluid flow and heat transfer process numerically. The vertical walls are well insulated. Meanwhile, the top and bottom walls are kept at and , respectively, where . The top wall moves at a constant speed from left to right. The finite volume method (FEM) and SIMPLE algorithm are employed to discretize the governing equations. Next, the algebraic equations are solved iteratively using the tri-diagonal matrix algorithm (TDMA). The influences of heat generation or absorption parameters are investigated in terms of the flow, heat transfer, and Nusselt number. The numerical results are plotted in the form of streamlines and isotherms. It is found that the presence of heat generation or absorption has a significant effect on the fluid flow and heat transfer process in the horizontal cavity. Overall, for internal heat generation, the heat transfer rate decreases, while the opposite pattern can be observed for the case of internal heat absorption. However, for Ri = 10.0, as the heat generation's value increases from 2 to 4, the heat transfer rate is the same.
NEXUS BETWEEN INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: AN INVESTIGATION OF CHINESE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
Authors: Xu Jian , Liu Feng
Published: December 2020

How to manage financial performance through the utilization of intellectual capital (IC) is an important issue in the knowledge economy. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of IC on financial performance for manufacturing listed companies in the Chinese context. Financial performance is measured from two distinct aspects: (1) firm profitability, measured through earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA), net profit margin (NPM), and gross profit margin (GPM), and (2) corporate return, measured through return on investment (ROI), return on assets (ROA), and return on equity (ROE). The results show a positive relationship between NPM, GPM, ROI, ROA, ROE, and IC (measured through the market-to-book ratio). In addition, the more intangible-intensive manufacturing listed companies exhibit better financial performance. The study provides evidence that higher investment in IC can improve value creation in the emerging economies.
Quantitative Characteristics of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Tumor Tissues in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Muravlyova Larissa , Maratkyzy Mereke , Kabildina Nailya , Mkhitaryan Ksenia , Ponamareva Olga , Bakirova Ryszhan , Molotov-Luchanskiy Vilen , Sirota Valentina
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Recently, the role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in oncopathology, including colorectal cancer (CRC), has become a subject of discussion. Literature review showed that in CRC, there are separate experimental and clinical studies devoted to assess the ability of neutrophils to form NET. A methodological approach, common to these studies, was that the ability of blood neutrophils in patients with CRC to form NET was evaluated in vitro.
AIM: We undertook a study of the NETs presence in the tumor tissues, on the periphery of the tumor, and in healthy tissues with CRC at different stages and different types of therapy.
METHODS: The study was carried out in the framework of the scientific and technical program “Personalized approach to the management of number of significant diseases” developed by the Non-commercial Joint-Stock Company “Karaganda Medical University,” funded by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
RESULTS: Patients with CRC II and III stages are more likely to have NET in the center, on the periphery of the tumor and in healthy tissues adjacent to the tumor than in patients with CRC of Stage I. It was also found that radiation therapy as a pre-operative preparation contributed to an increase in the number of NET in the center of the tumor in patients with Stage I rectal cancer.
CONCLUSION: Thus, our data revealed an increase in NET in the center and periphery of CRC, and an increase in their number after pre-operative radiation therapy was shown. The next stage of our study will be devoted to study the structural features of NET and their interaction with other effector cells and tumor cells.
Comparison in Bone Density Changes for Two Different Designs in Treatment of Mandibular Bilateral Free End Saddle with Osseointegrated Implants
Authors: Sabra Seham Ali El-Sayed , Fekry Gehan , Agamy Emad
Published: December 2020

AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate two different designs in mandibular bilateral free end saddle cases with the use of osseointegrated implants. The designs evaluated were OT-strategy extracoronal attachment and bar attachment. Radiographic evaluation was carried out for implants and natural abutment in terms of bone density.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted on 10 patients with bilateral distal extension area with missing molars bilaterally; the patients were divided into two groups after implant insertion on the second molar area. Group I: Patients received extracoronal attachment distal to the last natural abutment teeth with the construction of metallic removable partial denture (RPD). Group II: Patients received bar attachment with the construction of metallic RPD. Both groups have the maxillary arch edentulous with the construction of complete maxillary dentures within our study. Radiographic evaluation for bone density was done for both groups at the time of prosthesis insertion, 3, 6, and 9 months later. A comparison between the two groups regarding each follow-up period was performed by an independent t-test.
RESULTS: Although there were some differences between both designs in the 1st-time intervals, generally, there were no significant differences between the two designs all over the 3-time intervals.
CONCLUSION: From the results of this study, it was concluded that: Although there were no significant differences between both designs, bar-attachment showed better results which should be confirmed with more future researches.
Peroneus Longus Tendon Regeneration after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation
Authors: Rhatomy Sholahuddin , Kisworo Bambang , Prihargono Bunarwan , Rasyid Faiz Alam , Kressoni Nolli
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Peroneus longus graft can be recommended as a superior graft over hamstring in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. There are many studies concerning hamstring tendon regeneration, but there are few studies on the regeneration of the peroneus longus tendon after ACL reconstruction.
AIM: This study aimed to investigate whether regeneration of the peroneus longus tendon occurs after ACL reconstruction with magnetic resonance imaging.
METHODS: Twenty-five patients underwent ACL reconstruction with donors from the peroneus longus tendon by the same operator and were followed 12 months later with bilateral crural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for comparison of the donor and healthy peroneus longus tendon areas. Regeneration was assessed at 5 cm, 10 cm, and 15 cm from the ankle joint.
RESULTS: The average age 30.4 (18-38) years old. There were 17 right and 8 left knees involved in this study. The interval between surgery and MRI was 1 year. The average regeneration presentation was located in the distal part (5 cm from the ankle joint) 66.78%, medial part (10 cm from the joint) 63.2%, and proximal part (15 cm from the ankle joint) 67.53%. There was no significant difference in the presentation of proximal, medial, and distal areas while there was a significant difference between age and regeneration of the proximal area, p <0.05 (p = 0.047). Tissue regeneration was tendinous and it appeared smaller in the place where the tendons grew.
CONCLUSION: Regeneration of the peroneus longus tendon occurred after ACL reconstruction at a 1-year follow-up according to MRI.