bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic education and science as the basis of innovative growth
Authors: Levytskyi Vitalii , Radynskiy Serghiy , Dyachun Olga
Published: October 2022

The article reflects the role and importance of education and science in the aspect of innovative growth. In this research it is noted that the role of education and science as a factor of economic growth is to increase both individual and social productivity through the acquisition of knowledge and skills. It is noted that the significant role of education and science in the development of society is noted in the works of many famous scientists, starting from the classical school. Well-known positions of W. Petty, A. Smith, D. Ricardo and other prominent scientists on the importance of education in the training of skilled labor. According to the theory of "human capital", knowledge, skills and other human abilities are capital, and the cost of education, training of labor in production are investments that form this capital. Proponents of this theory assumed that the work of an educated person is more productive, which indicates an increase in national wealth due to the cost of education. According to estimates by Western and domestic economists, almost a third of the growth of gross domestic product in the developed world is now provided by investment in education and science. It is studied that the development of the world economy at the present stage in the context of globalization is characterized by the intensification of the process of intellectualization and the formation on this basis of a society based on knowledge and high technology, high innovation and intellectual level. The trends increasing role of education and science in the economic development of society are identified. Highlighted the institutional linkages between education and science and the subject of their relationship. Theoretical and conceptual bases are investigated and methodological tools are developed for the formation of the knowledge economy in Ukraine. This takes the development of the economy knowledge is considered in terms of its three main components: innovation, education and information and communication technologies, the comprehensive development of which is capable to ensure a high level of state competitiveness. The conclusion about the increasing role of education and science in the development of society, accompanied by continuous changes in the content of scientific and educational activities, scales of its distribution and impact on other areas of life.
Sosyal Medya Platformlarında Reklam Bütçesi Planlama: Bir Kargo Şirketinde Uygulama
Authors: SAÇAN Berk Can , EREN Tamer , CÜREBAL Ahmet
Published: October 2022

Sosyal medya bireylerin ve markaların birbirleri ile iletişime geçtikleri, bilgi paylaşımında bulundukları, etkinliklere katıldıkları ve eğlence amaçlı kullandıkları dijital platformların genel adıdır. Sosyal medya birey ve markalar için zaman ve mekân kavramını ortadan kaldırmıştır. Geleneksel medya kanallarına kıyasla sosyal medya ucuz, ölçülebilir, konumdan bağımsız ve sürekli ulaşılabilir olması nedeniyle markalar için çok büyük avantajlar sağlamaktadır. Markaların sosyal medya platformlarında verdikleri reklamlar hedef kitleye göre kişileştirilebilir, ölçülebilir ve daha ekonomiktir. Bu nedenle markalar dijital pazarlama çalışmalarında sosyal medya reklamlarına oldukça önem göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada sosyal medya platformlarını kullanan bir kargo şirketinin reklam bütçesi planlanmıştır. İlk olarak şirket müşterilerinin sosyal medyada yer alan paylaşımları analiz edilmiştir. Bu paylaşımlar gerekli kategorilere ayrılmış ve AHP yönteminde 4 ana kriter ve 15 alt kriter kullanılarak sosyal medya platformlarının önem puanlamaları elde edilmiştir. Çalışmanın ikinci aşamasında elde edilen önem puanları hedef programlama yöntemine entegre edilmiştir. Hedef programlama ile sosyal medya platformlarında yer alan reklam türlerine ayrılacak bütçe planlaması belirlenmiştir.
Paisaje y energías alternativas
Authors: Riesco Chueca Pascual
Published: October 2022

Texto de presentación y apertura del debate de revista PH 108
A INCLUSÃO (EXCLUSÃO) SOCIAL DOS ALUNOS COM DEFICIÊNCIA EM SALA DE AULA
Authors: Serighelli Marco André , Araldi Mariana
Published: October 2022

O artigo tem como objetivo identificar e compreender a realidade escolar no processo de inclusão (exclusão) de alunos portadores de deficiência que estão inseridos no ensino regular, em duas escolas de ensino fundamental do município de Videira – SC. Para tal foi realizado leituras e estudos sobre os aspectos teóricos e legais que abarcam a inclusão social de crianças com deficiência. Também foram realizadas observações semiestruturadas in loco, bem como conversas com profissionais que atendem os alunos com deficiência ou dificuldades de aprendizagem. Os desdobramentos das observações e das informações coletadas apontam que o processo de inclusão social dos alunos com deficiência ou alguma dificuldade de aprendizagem ainda precisa de ajustes no sentido de não seguir o caminho inverso de sua proposta.
Palavras-chave: Inclusão social. Educação Básica. Deficiência.
 
ABSTRACT
The article aims to identify and understand the school reality in the inclusion (exclusion) process of students with disabilities who are inserted in regular education, in two elementary schools in the municipality of Videira - SC. To this end, readings and studies were carried out on the theoretical and legal aspects that encompass the social inclusion of children with disabilities. Semi-structured observations were also carried out on the spot, as well as conversations with professionals who assist students with disabilities or learning difficulties. The consequences of the observations and information collected indicate that the process of social inclusion of students with disabilities or some learning difficulty still needs adjustments in order not to follow the opposite path of its proposal.
Keywords: Social inclusion. Basic Education. Disability.
Engelli Çocuğa Sahip Anne-Babaların Çocuk Yetiştirme Tutumları ve Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi
Authors: Özyürek Arzu
Published: October 2022

Bu çalışmada, engelli çocuğa sahip anne ve babaların çocuk yetiştirme tutumlarının karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmesi, çocuk yetiştirme tutumlarını etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma grubunu, okul öncesi engelli çocuğu olan 147 ve ilkokul dönemi engelli çocuğu olan 157 anne-baba oluşturmuştur. Annelerden hem kendileri hem de eşleriyle ilgili bilgiler edinilmiştir. Böylece toplam 304 veri değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında Özyürek (2017) tarafından geliştirilen Anne-Baba Tutum Ölçeği (A ve B formları) ve Eşlerin Çocuk Yetiştirmeye Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği (A ve B formları) kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, anne ve babaların çocuk yetiştirme tutumları arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesinde Spearman Brown Korelasyon analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Anne ve babaların, çocuk yetiştirme tutumlarını etkileyen kişisel değişkenlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla CHAID analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak; anneler daha hoşgörülü iken babaların daha baskıcı ve otoriter tutuma sahip oldukları, anne ve babaların çocuk yetiştirme tutumlarının benzerlik gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Annelerin demokratik tutumlarını etkileyen en önemli değişkenin aile yapısı, babaların demokratik tutumlarını etkileyen en önemli değişkenin çocuk sayısı ve annenin öğrenim düzeyi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Anne-babaların çocuklarına yönelik baskıcı ve otoriter tutumlarını etkileyen en önemli değişkenin babanın öğrenim düzeyi ve mesleği olduğu belirlenmiştir. Babaların aşırı hoşgörülü tutumlarının ise annelerin çalışıp çalışması ve çocuk sayısından etkilendiği belirlenmiştir.
Virulence and genetic differences among white spot syndrome virus isolates inoculated in Penaeus vannamei
Authors: Hernández-Montiel Á , Giffard-Mena I , Weidmann M , Bekaert M , Ulrich K , Benkaroun J
Published: October 2022

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infects several economically important aquaculture species, and has caused significant losses to the industry. This virus belongs to the Nimaviridae family and has a dsDNA genome ranging between 257 and 309 kb (more than 20 isolate genomes have been fully sequenced and published to date). Multiple routes of infection could be the cause of the high virulence and mortality rates detected in shrimp species. Particularly in Penaeus vannamei, differences in isolate virulence have been observed, along with controversy over whether deletions or insertions are associated with virulence gain or loss. The pathogenicity of 3 isolates from 3 localities in Mexico (2 from Sinaloa: ‘CIAD’ and ‘Angostura’; and one from Sonora: ‘Sonora’) was evaluated in vivo in whiteleg shrimp P. vannamei infection assays. Differences were observed in shrimp mortality rates among the 3 isolates, of which Sonora was the most virulent. Subsequently, the complete genomes of the Sonora and Angostura isolates were sequenced in depth from infected shrimp tissues and assembled in reference to the genome of isolate strain CN01 (KT995472), comprising 289350 and 288995 bp, respectively. Three deletion zones were identified compared to CN01, comprising 15 genes, including 3 envelope proteins (VP41A, VP52A and VP41B), 1 non-structural protein (ICP35) and 11 other encoding proteins whose function is currently unknown. In addition, 5 genes (wsv129, wsv178, wsv204, wsv249 and wsv497) presented differences in their repetitive motifs, which could potentially be involved in the regulation of gene expression, causing virulence variations.
Left Ventricular Cardiomyopathy in Mitral Valve Prolapse: Fact or Fiction?
Authors: Attenhofer Jost Christina , Greutmann Matthias , Connolly Heidi M. , Naegeli Barbara , Faeh-Gunz Anja , Scharf Christoph , Candinas Reto , Valsangiacomo Buechel Emanuela , Weber Roland , Binggeli Christian , Franzen Olaf , Medeiros-Domingo Argelia
Published: October 2022

In most patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP) without severe mitral regurgitation (MR), left ventricular (LV) function is preserved. There are, however, patients with MVP who have unexplained LV dilatation and/or decreased LV function. An association between MVP and sudden cardiac death has also been reported. LV size and function may be affected by the type of MVP, severity of regurgitation, and cause of MVP (myxomatous degeneration versus fibroelastic deficiency). There is increasing evidence suggesting an intrinsic cardiomyopathy associated with MVP. The cardiomyopathy associated with MVP can also affect the right ventricle (RV). Although the impact on ventricular dimensions and function are usually subtle, these abnormalities can affect clinical and echocardiographic estimation of the severity of MR and may thus have an impact on therapeutic decisions. Particularly in patients with the most extreme forms of MVP (Barlow disease), and in patients with Marfan syndrome or other connective tissue disorders, a cardiomyopathy affecting the LV and RV may thus occur occasionally. A better understanding of LV impairment associated with MVP is important for risk assessment and clinical decision-making.
Self-Expanding Coronary Stents: Rationale, Clinical Status, Future Prospects
Authors: Wessely Rainer , Amoroso Giovanni
Published: October 2022

The mechanical treatment of coronary artery stenoses by placement of balloon-expandable (Bx) coronary stents has become the most widely used invasive treatment for symptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the mechanical properties of Bx stents may be limited and are frequently not well adapted to the requirements of the biological system. Consequently, there is evidence that the mechanical shortcomings of Bx stents, such as conformability to the vascular wall, stent underexpansion or oversizing, adaptability to vessel tapering, scaffolding of bifurcated lesions, inability to address vessel remodelling, and achieving optimal drug delivery, could translate into adverse clinical events. New, enhanced technology now allows the application of a number of self-expanding (Sx) coronary stents to treat CAD. Various clinical trials have proven coronary applicability and the clinical safety and efficacy of Sx stents. It is expected that this new generation of endovascular prostheses that are specifically tailored to the needs of the coronary arteries can overcome some of the limitations that are associated with Bx stents, while maintaining their valuable, traditional features. Clinical results of Sx stents may be further improved by continuous development of these devices.
Editor’s Pick: State of the Art of Aortic Valve Implantation: Indications, Outcomes, and Controversies
Authors: Salinas Pablo , Nombela-Franco Luis , Jimenez-Quevedo Pilar , Garcia Eulogio
Published: October 2022

During the last decade, transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become a revolution in the treatment of high-risk severe aortic stenosis (AS). Current guidelines provide a Class I indication for TAVI in inoperable AS and Class IIa indication for TAVI as an alternative to surgical repair in high-risk patients. A large amount of retrospective, prospective, and randomised data has been published covering almost every angle of the procedure. Improved patient evaluation and selection, new devices, and technical refinements will reduce procedural complications and improve long-term outcomes. With a growing elderly population segment in the Western countries, the procedure has a bright perspective. The purpose of this review is to summarise the state of the art of TAVI procedures, including current indications, and describe procedural characteristics, as well as short and long-term outcomes. Controversial issues such as paravalvular regurgitation and stroke are discussed, as well as off-label indications. A shift towards intermediate risk AS patients, approval of some of the off-label indications, and device versus device competition are some of the future directions of the technique.
Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis: Addressing Therapeutic Paradigms by Learning from Each Other
Authors: Team Vanguard
Published: October 2022

Psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD) are both T-cell driven, chronic inflammatory skin disorders. This symposium aimed to discuss the distinct and overlapping clinical characteristics of these diseases and described how improved understanding of the immunopathological pathways involved has impacted treatment paradigms. With insight from his clinical experience, Prof Lebwohl described the key clinical and histologic features of psoriasis and AD. He also gave an overview of the evolution of systemic treatments for these diseases, which reflects growing knowledge of the T-cell driven pathologies, notably the dominance of the Th17/IL-17 pathway in psoriasis and Th2/IL-13 pathway in AD. Prof Warren provided insight into the central role of the IL-23/IL-17 axis in the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis and overviewed the registrational clinical data for approved agents targeting IL-17 and its receptor. He also discussed the importance of complete skin clearance in improving patient quality of life (QoL) and provided an update on the scope of personalised medicine in psoriasis. Prof Weidinger provided insight into the immunological pathways involved in the pathogenesis of AD and its distinct molecular profile from psoriasis, explaining the scientific rationale for, and emerging clinical data supporting, the key role of IL-13 pathways in AD.
Recent Advances in the First-Line Management of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: Focus on the Role of Lenvatinib Plus Pembrolizumab Combination Treatment
Authors: Boreham Helen
Published: October 2022

As part of the 37th Annual European Association of Urology (EAU) Congress, this symposium presented key data from the CLEAR study: a Phase III randomised controlled trial evaluating lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab versus sunitinib in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the first-line (1L) setting.1 Leading experts discussed strategies for optimising treatment outcomes in RCC using lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab and considered how to identify the right patients for this combination therapy in clinical practice.
No keyword is an island: in search of covert associations
Authors: Cvrček Václav , Fidler Masako
Published: October 2022

This paper describes how corpus-assisted discourse analysis based on keyword identification and interpretation can benefit from employing Market Basket Analysis (mba) after keyword extraction. mba is a data mining technique used originally in marketing that can reveal consistent associations between items in a shopping cart, but also between keywords in a corpus of many texts. By identifying recurring associations between keywords, we can compensate for the lack of wider context which is a major issue impeding the interpretation of isolated keywords (especially when analysing large data). To showcase the advantages of mba in ‘re-contextualising’ keywords within the discourse, we conducted a pilot study on the topic of migration, contrasting anti-system and centre-right Czech Internet media. The results show that mba is useful in identifying the dominant strategy of anti-system news portals: to weave in a confounding ideological undercurrent and connect the concept of migrants to a multitude of other topics (i.e., flooding the discourse).
Selective synthesis of α- and β-glycosides of N-acetyl galactosamine using rare earth metal triflates
Authors: Wang Jiajia , Zhang Wei , Cao Wei , Liu Kang , Su Shihao , Ma Jing , Li Xia
Published: October 2022

Structures containing galactose and GalNAc residues are specifically recognized by asialoglycoprotein receptors, allowing them to selectively internalize by hepatocytes for drug-targeting delivery. However, methods for direct synthesis of GalNAc glycosides are still challenging due to the poor participating group of 2-acetamido. Here, we develop a facile strategy to synthesize various GalNAc glycosides by employing a series of rare earth metal triflates, and the results demonstrate that both α-glycosides and β-glycosides of GalNAc can be obtained by conducting with Hf(OTf)4 and Sc(OTf)3, respectively. These applicable results indicate that any interested GalNAc-containing substrates could be prepared by this simple strategy.
Direct adsorption sampling and ambient mass spectrometry analysis of tobacco smoke with porous paper strips
Authors: Yang Ji , Xiong Wen , Liu Chunbo , Li Juan , Zhu Ruizhi , Xia Jianjun , Yin Zhijiang , Tian Ran , Tang Shiyun , Li Zhenjie , Li Hui , Han Ying , Si Xiaoxi , Jiang Wei , He Pei , Zhang Fengmei , Xu Yanqin , Liu Zhihua
Published: October 2022

Chemical analysis of atmospheric aerosols by conventional analytical methods is usually required to perform complicated and time-consuming sample preparation processes. In recent decades, ambient ionization mass spectrometry (AI-MS) methods have been proven to be simple, rapid, and effective analytical tools for direct analysis of various complex samples. In this work, we applied porous paper filters for direct adsorptive sampling of tobacco smoke, and then the sampled paper filters were performed the emitters of the paper spray ionization (PSI) device. An auto-sampling device was made to control the generation and collection of tobacco smoke. Nicotine, the typical compound of tobacco smoke, was used to optimize the key conditions of auto-sampling. Moreover, different types of tobacco smoke were also compared with multivariate variable analysis, and the makers of tobacco smoke from different sources of tobacco smoke were investigated. By using this method, direct sampling and analysis of a single tobacco sample can be completed within minutes. Overall, our results show that PSI-MS is a powerful tool that integrates collection, extraction, ionization, and identification analytes in smoke.
CTLs: Killers of intracellular bacteria
Authors: Tian Li , Zhou Wei , Wu Xianwei , Hu Zhuannan , Qiu Lei , Zhang Huiyong , Chen Xue , Zhang Shaoyan , Lu Zhenhui
Published: October 2022

Many microbial pathogens have evolved a range of capabilities to evade host immune defense mechanisms and to survive and multiply in host cells. The presence of host intracellular bacteria makes it difficult for specific antibodies to function. After the intracellular bacteria escape the attack of the innate immune system, such as phagocytes, they survive in cells, and then adaptive immunity comes into play. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play an important role in eliminating intracellular bacteria. The regulation of key transcription factors could promote CD4+/CD8+ T cells to acquire cytolytic ability. The TCR-CD3 complex transduces activation signals generated by TCR recognition of antigen and promotes CTLs to generate multiple pathways to kill intracellular bacteria. In this review, the mechanism of CD4/CD8 CTLs differentiation and how CD4/CD8 CTLs kill intracellular bacteria are introduced. In addition, their application and prospects in the treatment of bacterial infections are discussed.
Cardiac involvement in patients 1 year after recovery from moderate and severe COVID-19 infections
Authors: Qiao Jinhan , Zhao Peijun , Lu Jianyao , Huang Lu , Ma Xiaoling , Zhou Xiaoyue , Xia Liming
Published: October 2022

Background

Some patients suffered persistent cardiac symptoms after hospital discharge following COVID-19 infection, including chest tightness, chest pain, and palpitation. However, the cardiac involvement in these patients remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of COVID-19 infection on the cardiovascular system after 1 year of recovery in patients hospitalized with persistent cardiac symptoms.

Materials and methods

In this prospective observational study, a total of 32 patients who had COVID-19 (11 diagnosed as severe COVID-19 and 21 as moderate) with persistent cardiac symptoms after hospital discharge were enrolled. Contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging was performed on all patients. Comparisons were made with age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 13), and age-, sex- and risk factor-matched controls (n = 21). Further analysis was made between the severe and moderate COVID-19 cohorts.

Results

The mean time interval between acute COVID-19 infection and CMR was 462 ± 18 days. Patients recovered from COVID-19 had reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (p = 0.003) and increased extracellular volumes (ECVs) (p = 0.023) compared with healthy controls. Focal late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) was found in 22 (68.8%) patients, mainly distributed linearly in the septal mid-wall or patchily in RV insertion point. The LGE extent in patients with severe COVID-19 was higher than that in patients with moderate COVID-19 (p = 0.009).

Conclusion

This 1-year follow-up study revealed that patients with persistent cardiac symptoms, after recovering from COVID-19, had decreased cardiac function and increased ECV compared with healthy controls. Patients with COVID-19 predominately had a LGE pattern of septal mid-wall or RV insertion point. Patients with severe COVID-19 had greater LGE extent than patients with moderate COVID-19.
Association between level of depression and coronary heart disease, stroke risk and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: Data from the 2005–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Shen Ruihuan , Zhao Ning , Wang Jia , Guo Peiyao , Shen Shuhui , Liu Donghao , Zou Tong
Published: October 2022

Research on the association between level of depression and coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke risk, and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality is lacking in large-scale or population-based studies incorporating cardiovascular disease (CVD) endpoints. We aim to assess the relationship between the level of a person's depression and their risk of CHD, stroke, and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Utilizing data from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), multicycle cross-sectional design and mortality linkage studies were conducted. The study sample included 30918 participants aged 20–85 years old during the 2005–2018 period. Depression was assessed using the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), with scores of 5, 10, 15, and 20 being the cut-off points for mild, moderate, moderately severe, and severe depression, respectively. A series of weighted logistic regression analyses and Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to examine the relationship between the level of depression with the risk of CHD, stroke, all-cause, and cardiovascular mortality. Trend analyses were conducted by entering the level of depression as a continuous variable and rerunning the corresponding regression models. Weighted logistic regression models consistently indicated a statistically significant association between the level of depression and increased risk of CHD and stroke, and those linear trend tests were statistically significant (P for trend < 0.001). Furthermore, weighted Cox regression analyses consistently indicated that participants who had a more severe degree of depression were at a higher risk of all-cause death, and trend analyses suggested similar results (P for trend < 0.001). Another weighted Cox regression analysis also consistently indicated that except for severe depression, the hazard of cardiovascular death was increased with each additional level increase of depression. Our study confirmed that the level of depression was strongly associated with CHD, stroke, and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, even after accounting for other factors that could impact risk, including variables of age, gender, ethnicity, income, education, body mass index (BMI), marital, and smoking status.
A meta-analysis of the diagnostic value of microRNA for hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy
Authors: Fei Su-Hai , Liu Zhen-Feng , Xie Hai-Ning , Tong Jia-Ni , Fang Zheng-Mei , Chen Yan , Yao Ying-Shui
Published: October 2022

In this study, the diagnostic value of microRNAs (miRNAs) for hypertension (HTN) with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) were evaluated by meta-analysis. A correlation study of the diagnostic value of miRNAs in HTN with LVH was conducted using a computer search of the China Knowledge Network (CNKI), Wanfang, VIP, China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. Studies from the time of database creation to May 2022 were evaluated. The quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies-2 (QUADAS-2) tool in RevMan 5.3 was used to evaluate the quality of the literature, and Meta-Disc 1.4 and Stata 16.0, were used to calculate the combined sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic advantage ratio (DOR), and their 95% confidence intervals. Subject working characteristic curves were plotted and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated using Stata 16.0. Seven publications and 8 studies were included. miRNA diagnoses of HTN with LVH had SENcombined = 0.84, SPEcombined = 0.80, PLRcombined = 4.2, NLRcombined = 0.20, DORcombined = 21, and AUCcombined = 0.89. Subgroup analysis showed that the sensitivity of plasma miRNA for the diagnosis of HTN with LVH was 0.85, which was higher than that of serum which was 0.83. The specificity of serum miRNA for the diagnosis of HTN with LVH was 0.82, which was higher than that of plasma which was 0.78, and the diagnostic accuracy of miRNA in serum DOR was 23, which was higher than that of plasma DOR which was 20. In the diagnosis of HTN with LVH, miRNA has high sensitivity and specificity and is a better biological marker.

Systematic review registration

http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, CRD42022346686.
The development of the Pan American Health Organization digital health specialist on alcohol use
Authors: Monteiro Maristela G. , Pantani Daniela , Pinsky Ilana , Hernandes Rocha Thiago Augusto
Published: October 2022

Introduction

On 19 November 2021 the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) developed and deployed the first-ever digital health worker dedicated to alcohol-related topics, named Pahola. This paper describes this developmental process and the first results of its uptake and interactions with the public.

Methods

PAHO secured a non-exclusive worldwide license with a technology company to use their Human OS ecosystem, which enables human-like interactions between digital people and users via an application. Google Digital flow ES was used to develop the conversations of Pahola on topics related to alcohol and health, screening of alcohol risk using the AUDIT and providing a quit/cut back plan to users, along with additional treatment services and resources in each country of the Americas. A communication campaign was also implemented from launching date until 31 December 2021.

Results

Pahola attracted good attention from the media, and potentially reached 1.6 million people, leading to 236,000 sessions on its landing page, mostly through mobile devices. The average time people effectively spent talking to Pahola was five minutes. Major dropouts were observed in different steps of the conversation flow.

Discussion

Pahola was quickly able to connect to a large worldwide population with reliable alcohol information. It could potentially increase the delivery of SBI and improve alcohol health literacy. However, its preliminary results pointed to much needed changes to its corpus and on its accessibility, which are being currently implemented.
An integrative approach to assessing effects of a short-term Western diet on gene expression in rat liver
Authors: Welles Jaclyn E. , Lacko Holly , Kawasawa Yuka Imamura , Dennis Michael D. , Jefferson Leonard S. , Kimball Scot R.
Published: October 2022

Consumption of a diet rich in saturated fatty acids and carbohydrates contributes to the accumulation of fat in the liver and development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Herein we investigated the hypothesis that short-term consumption of a high fat/sucrose Western diet (WD) alters the genomic and translatomic profile of the liver in association with changes in signaling through the protein kinase mTORC1, and that such alterations contribute to development of NAFLD. The results identify a plethora of mRNAs that exhibit altered expression and/or translation in the liver of rats consuming a WD compared to a CD. In particular, consumption of a WD altered the abundance and ribosome association of mRNAs involved in lipid and fatty acid metabolism, as well as those involved in glucose metabolism and insulin signaling. Hepatic mTORC1 signaling was enhanced when rats were fasted overnight and then refed in the morning; however, this effect was blunted in rats fed a WD as compared to a CD. Despite similar plasma insulin concentrations, fatty acid content was elevated in the liver of rats fed a WD as compared to a CD. We found that feeding had a significant positive effect on ribosome occupancy of 49 mRNAs associated with hepatic steatosis (e.g., LIPE, LPL), but this effect was blunted in the liver of rats fed a WD. In many cases, changes in ribosome association were independent of alterations in mRNA abundance, suggesting a critical role for diet-induced changes in mRNA translation in the expression of proteins encoded by those mRNAs. Overall, the findings demonstrate that short-term consumption of a WD impacts hepatic gene expression by altering the abundance of many mRNAs, but also causes wide-spread variation in mRNA translation that potentially contribute to development of hepatic steatosis.
Expert consensus on the bone repair strategy for osteoporotic fractures in China
Authors: Zhang Hao , Hu Yan , Chen Xiao , Wang Sicheng , Cao Liehu , Dong Shiwu , Shi Zhongmin , Chen Yanxi , Xiong Liming , Zhang Yunfei , Zhang Dianying , Yu Baoqing , Chen Wenming , Wang Qining , Tong Peijian , Liu Ximing , Zhang Jianzheng , Zhou Qiang , Niu Feng , Yang Weiguo , Zhang Wencai , Wang Yong , Chen Shijie , Jia Jinpeng , Yang Qiang , Zhang Peng , Zhang Yong , Miao Jun , Sun Kuo , Shen Tao , Yu Bin , Yang Lei , Zhang Lei , Wang Dongliang , Liu Guohui , Zhang Yingze , Su Jiacan
Published: October 2022

Osteoporotic fractures, also known as fragility fractures, are prevalent in the elderly and bring tremendous social burdens. Poor bone quality, weak repair capacity, instability, and high failure rate of internal fixation are main characteristics of osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporotic bone defects are common and need to be repaired by appropriate materials. Proximal humerus, distal radius, tibia plateau, calcaneus, and spine are common osteoporotic fractures with bone defect. Here, the consensus from the Osteoporosis Group of Chinese Orthopaedic Association concentrates on the epidemiology, characters, and management strategies of common osteoporotic fractures with bone defect to standardize clinical practice in bone repair of osteoporotic fractures.
Combined toxic effects of nitrite and ammonia on life history traits of Daphnia pulex
Authors: Yu Bo , Lyu Kai , Li Jiajia , Yang Zhou , Sun Yunfei
Published: October 2022

Nitrite and ammonia are two of the most common toxic nitrogenous pollutants in aquatic ecosystem, which can pose a serious threat to the health of aquatic organisms. Cladocerans, as an important part of freshwater ecosystem, will inevitably be harmed by these pollutants. To evaluate the combined toxic effects of these nitrogenous pollutants on cladocerans, we simulated 15 combinations of five nitrite concentrations (0, 0.5, 2, 4, 8 mg L−1) and three ammonia concentrations (0, 0.1, 1 mg L−1) to study the changes of life history traits of Daphnia pulex exposed to these combinations for 21 days. Results showed that under the combined stress of nitrite and ammonia, the survival time of D. pulex was shortened, the time to first batch of eggs and time to first brood were delayed, the body size and tail spine length at maturation were reduced, and the total offspring and the number of broods were decreased. There were some synergistically negative effects between the two nitrogenous pollutants. The presence of ammonia reduced the tolerance of D. pulex to nitrite, and vice versa. These findings provided new insights into the combined toxic effects of nitrite and ammonia on the life history traits of cladocerans, and were of great significance for understanding the population dynamics of specific species in cladocerans community under the condition of compound nitrogenous pollutants.
Inversion and analysis of aerosol optical properties and lidar ratios based on sky-radiometer and Raman lidar measurements in Xi’an, China
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Guo Zhuqi , Zhou Luyao , Wang Longlong , Wang Jun , Yan Qing , Hua Dengxin
Published: October 2022

The aerosol observations in Xi’an (34.25°N, 108.983°E), a typical urban site in Northwest China, were conducted using a sky-radiometer from January 2015 to March 2018. Multi-year variations of aerosol optical properties (AOPs) and lidar ratios (LRs) were simultaneously analyzed and calculated. In particular, LRs in 340 nm were compared and validated using the UV-Raman lidar (RL) measurements. During the study period, aerosol optical depth at 500 nm (AOD500) had significant seasonal variation, with a maximum value of 0.68 in winter and a minimum value of 0.59 in autumn. Ångström exponent (AE) exhibited different seasonal variation patterns, and the minimum (0.81) and maximum (1.06) values appeared in spring and summer, respectively. The spectral difference between AE400–675 and AE675–870 indicated that high AOD675 values (>1.0) were affected by accidental factors (e.g., dust weather in spring and winter) and the accumulation of fine particle aerosols across all seasons. The relationship between AOD500 and AE400–870 was used to distinguish different aerosol types. Overall, mixed aerosols (MX) accounted for the largest contribution (ranging from 40.14% in autumn to 69.9% in spring), followed by biomass-burning or urban/industrial aerosols (BB/UI) (with the smallest value of 19.9% in spring, and the largest value of 43.66% in winter). Single-scattering albedo (SSAs) experienced weak seasonal variation, with a minimum in winter and a maximum in spring. The seasonal aerosol volume size distributions (VSDs) generally exhibited the trimodal patterns. The particle radius (R) of less than 0.5 μm is considered as fine mode, the coarse mode is R greater than 2.5 μm, and the middle mode is located somewhere in between them. The real CRI were ∼1.41–1.43, with no significant difference among different seasons. Besides, the LRs derived by combining sky-radiometer with Mie-scattering theory changed greatly with weather from 49.95 ± 8.89 in summer to 63.95 ± 6.77 in autumn, which were validated by RL with the errors within a certain height range of less than 10%. We confirmed the feasibility of using the LR of UV band from sky-radiometer as a reference value for the Fernald or Klett method.
Spatial–temporal characteristics of surface thermal environment and its effect on Lake surface water temperature in Dianchi Lake basin
Authors: Zhao Yisong , Yang Kun , Luo Yi , Yu Zhenyu
Published: October 2022

The surface thermal environment plays an important role in urban sustainable development and ecological environment protection. Existing researches mainly focus on the formation process and mechanism of the surface thermal environment and lack the analysis of its effect on the lake ecological environment under the influence of human activities. Therefore, based on the analysis of the variations in land surface temperature (LST) and lake surface water temperature (LSWT) of Dianchi Lake at multiple spatio-temporal scales, this study evaluated the response of LSWT by using the methods of spatial influence, the center of gravity migration trajectory, trend analysis, and correlation analysis. The results show that: (1) Urbanization has a greater warming effect on LSWT than on LST, and the warming effect at night is greater than that at daytime. From 2001 to 2018, the warming trend of LSWT in daytime and night was 0.01°C/a and 0.02°C/a, respectively, while the cooling trend of LST in daytime was −0.03°C/a and the warming trend of LST in night was 0.01°C/a. (2) Areas with high human activity are warming faster, both in the eastern and northern coastal areas of lake and the heavily urbanized sub-basins. (3) The spatial influence of LST and LSWT are highly correlated, and the response of the outer buffer in the range of 2 km is obvious, and the direction of gravity center migration trajectory is consistent. The results are of great significance for the control and improvement of urban heat island and ecological environment protection of Dianchi Lake in Kunming and can provide data support and decision support for urban planning, promoting the construction of the ecological civilization city in Kunming, and reducing the accumulation of urban surface heat.
Vacuolar proteases and autophagy in phytopathogenic fungi: A review
Authors: Juárez-Montiel Margarita , Clark-Flores Daniel , Tesillo-Moreno Pedro , de la Vega-Camarillo Esaú , Andrade-Pavón Dulce , Hernández-García Juan Alfredo , Hernández-Rodríguez César , Villa-Tanaca Lourdes
Published: October 2022

Autophagy (macroautophagy) is a survival and virulence mechanism of different eukaryotic pathogens. Autophagosomes sequester cytosolic material and organelles, then fuse with or enter into the vacuole or lysosome (the lytic compartment of most fungal/plant cells and many animal cells, respectively). Subsequent degradation of cargoes delivered to the vacuole via autophagy and endocytosis maintains cellular homeostasis and survival in conditions of stress, cellular differentiation, and development. PrA and PrB are vacuolar aspartyl and serine endoproteases, respectively, that participate in the autophagy of fungi and contribute to the pathogenicity of phytopathogens. Whereas the levels of vacuolar proteases are regulated by the expression of the genes encoding them (e.g., PEP4 for PrA and PRB1 for PrB), their activity is governed by endogenous inhibitors. The aim of the current contribution is to review the main characteristics, regulation, and role of vacuolar soluble endoproteases and Atg proteins in the process of autophagy and the pathogenesis of three fungal phytopathogens: Ustilago maydis, Magnaporthe oryzae, and Alternaria alternata. Aspartyl and serine proteases are known to participate in autophagy in these fungi by degrading autophagic bodies. However, the gene responsible for encoding the vacuolar serine protease of U. maydis has yet to be identified. Based on in silico analysis, this U. maydis gene is proposed to be orthologous to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes PRB1 and PBI2, known to encode the principal protease involved in the degradation of autophagic bodies and its inhibitor, respectively. In fungi that interact with plants, whether phytopathogenic or mycorrhizal, autophagy is a conserved cellular degradation process regulated through the TOR, PKA, and SNF1 pathways by ATG proteins and vacuolar proteases. Autophagy plays a preponderant role in the recycling of cell components as well as in the fungus-plant interaction.
Using dried blood spot on HemoTypeSC™, a new frontier for newborn screening for sickle cell disease in Nigeria
Authors: Okeke Chinwe O. , Chianumba Reuben I. , Isa Hezekiah , Asala Samuel , Nnodu Obiageli E.
Published: October 2022

Background: HemoTypeSC is a rapid, point-of-care testing (POCT) device for sickle cell disease (SCD) that traditionally uses the capillary blood from heel stick collected at the point of testing, a procedure that makes mass screening cumbersome and less cost-effective. Using dried blood spots (DBS) on HemoTypeSC could mitigate this challenge. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the feasibility of eluting blood from DBS to read on HemoTypeSC.

Methods: DBS and fresh samples from heel sticks were collected from 511 newborns at the immunization clinics of six Primary Health Centers in Abuja, Nigeria. The two samples from each newborn were analyzed using HemoType SC and then compared with the result of the isoelectric focusing (IEF) test.

Results: Of the 511 newborns, 241 were males and 270 were females. Standard HemoTypeSC (using fresh samples collected from heel sticks) and HemoTypeSC using DBS identified 404 (79.0%) HbAA, 100 (19.6%) HbAS, 6 (1.2%) HbSS, and 1 (0.2%) HbAC phenotypes. The IEF tests identified 370 (72.4%) HbAA, 133 (26.0%) HbAS, 5 (1.0%) HbSS, and 3 (0.6%) HbAC phenotypes. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and overall accuracy of HemoTypeSC using DBS, compared to standard HemoTypeSC POCT was 100%. IEF method showed for AA, AS, AC phenotypes; sensitivity; 84.7%, 67%,100% respectively, specificity; 67.6%, 86%, 99% respectively, PPV; 91.2%, 53%, 50% respectively, NPV; 52.7%, 91%, 100% respectively. For SS phenotype, IEF showed 100% specificity, sensitivity, PPV and NPV.

Conclusion: HemoTypeSC test using dried blood spot is as accurate as the standard point-of-care HemoTypeSC test. The use of DBS on HemoTypeSC could ensure better efficiency and cost-effectiveness in mass newborn screening for SCD.
Identification of a novel role for matrix metalloproteinase-3 in the modulation of B cell responses in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Chunder Rittika , Schropp Verena , Jabari Samir , Marzin Manuel , Amor Sandra , Kuerten Stefanie
Published: October 2022

There has been a growing interest in the presence and role of B cell aggregates within the central nervous system of multiple sclerosis patients. However, very little is known about the expression profile of molecules associated with these aggregates and how they might be influencing aggregate development or persistence in the brain. The current study focuses on the effect of matrix metalloproteinase-3, which is associated with B cell aggregates in autopsied multiple sclerosis brain tissue, on B cells. Autopsied brain sections from multiple sclerosis cases and controls were screened for the presence of CD20+ B cell aggregates and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3. Using flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and gene array as methods, in vitro studies were conducted using peripheral blood of healthy volunteers to demonstrate the effect of matrix metalloproteinase-3 on B cells. Autopsied brain sections from multiple sclerosis patients containing aggregates of B cells expressed a significantly higher amount of matrix metalloproteinase-3 compared to controls. In vitro experiments demonstrated that matrix metalloproteinase-3 dampened the overall activation status of B cells by downregulating CD69, CD80 and CD86. Furthermore, matrix metalloproteinase-3-treated B cells produced significantly lower amounts of interleukin-6. Gene array data confirmed that matrix metalloproteinase-3 altered the proliferation and survival profiles of B cells. Taken together, out data indicate a role for B cell modulatory properties of matrix metalloproteinase-3.
Modulation of STAT-1, STAT-3, and STAT-6 activities in THP-1 derived macrophages infected with two Trypanosoma cruzi strains
Authors: Oliveira Melissa Martins , Bonturi Camila Ramalho , Salu Bruno Ramos , Oliva Maria Luiza Vilela , Mortara Renato Arruda , Orikaza Cristina Mary
Published: October 2022

Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative protozoan of Chagas’ Disease, a neglected tropical disease that affects 6−7 million people worldwide. Interaction of the parasite with the host immune system is a key factor in disease progression and chronic symptoms. Although the human immune system is capable of controlling the disease, the parasite has numerous evasion mechanisms that aim to maintain intracellular persistence and survival. Due to the pronounced genetic variability of T. cruzi, co-infections or mixed infections with more than one parasite strain have been reported in the literature. The intermodulation in such cases is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the co-infection of T. cruzi strains G and CL compared to their individual infections in human macrophages derived from THP-1 cells activated by classical or alternative pathways. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that trypomastigotes were more infective than extracellular amastigotes (EAs) and that strain G could infect more macrophages than strain CL. Classically activated macrophages showed lower number of infected cells and IL-4-stimulated cells displayed increased CL-infected macrophages. However, co-infection was a rare event. CL EAs decreased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas G trypomastigotes displayed increased ROS detection in classically activated cells. Co-infection did not affect ROS production. Monoinfection by strain G or CL mainly induced an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile by decreasing inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β) and/or increasing IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β. Co-infection led to a predominant inflammatory milieu, with reduced IL-10 and TGF-β, and/or promotion of IFN-γ and IL-1β release. Infection by strain G reduced activation of intracellular signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) factors. In EAs, monoinfections impaired STAT-1 activity and promoted phosphorylation of STAT-3, both changes may prolong cell survival. Coinfected macrophages displayed pronounced activation of all STATs examined. These activations likely promoted parasite persistence and survival of infected cells. The collective results demonstrate that although macrophages respond to both strains, T. cruzi can modulate the intracellular environment, inducing different responses depending on the strain, parasite infective form, and co-infection or monoinfection. The modulation influences parasite persistence and survival of infected cells.