bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lignan profile in fruits of wild chervil (Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm.)
Authors: Jankovic Mina , Berezni Sanja , Orcic Dejan
Published: February 2024

Wild chervil (Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm.), known also as cow parsley,
is a widely distributed herbaceous plant from Apiaceae family. Traditional
use as analgesic, antipyretic, antitussive, tonic, diuretic etc. is
associated with the proven presence of various types of biomolecules,
primarily lignans that possess cytotoxic, antiproliferative, insecticidal,
antiviral and other activities. The majority of lignans reported in A.
sylvestris belong to two classes - aryltetralins and dibenzylbutyrolactones.
The data of lignan profile of A. sylvestris are mostly limited to root and
herb composition, therefore LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS analysis was used for the
tentative identification of 15 compounds from the fruit extract of A.
sylvestris, of which two were never reported in nature.
Single-electron capture in collisions of positively charged muons with hydrogen and helium atoms
Authors: Milojevic Nenad , Mancev Ivan , Milenkovic Milos
Published: February 2024

The prior form of the three-body boundary-corrected first Born (CB1-3B)
method is used to calculate the state-selective total cross sections for
single-electron capture into 1s, 2s and 2s final states of a fast muon
projectiles from a ground-state hydrogen and helium targets at energies 10
keV to 1 MeV. For helium target, the frozencore approximation and the
independent particles model were used. The state-summed total cross sections
for electron capture into all final states of the muonium systems (?+,e)
are obtained by applying the Oppenheimer (n?3) scaling law. Unfortunately,
there are no available experimental data, so our theoretical results were
compared to the CDW-3B theoretical results.
Experimental study on defects detection in GFRP laminates using lock-in infrared thermography technology
Authors: Tang Qing-Ju , Qu Ze-Shen , Xu Gui-Peng , Tan Xin-Jie
Published: February 2024

To detect the debonding defect of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminate, the lock-in infrared thermography non-destructive testing system is built and the systematic testing research are conducted, and the effect of different geometrical parameters of debonding defects on the testing results are analyzed. Algorithms such as inter frame differential-multi frame cumulative average method, polynomial fitting-correlation coefficient method, and time-difference contrast method are used to process the image sequence, and signal-to-noise ratio and information en-tropy are defined as the parameters for evaluating the performance of algorithms.
Intelligent optimization method of screw drill assembly based on borehole trajectory prediction
Authors: Chen Mingzhu , Liu Zihao , Gao Peng , Palihati Cordelia , Song Xianzhi , Li Zhen , Zhu Zhaopeng
Published: February 2024

This study constructs an intelligent wellbore trajectory prediction and BHA optimization process, which ensures efficient optimization of the BHA on the premise of high wellbore trajectory prediction accuracy, the MAE of deviation and azimuth angles of the borehole trajectory model was 0.35? and 0.55?. The optimized BHA can effectively improve the deflection effect. It also has obvious advantages in calculation efficiency and can provide effective guidance and theoretical support for on-site BHA optimization.
A data-driven workflow for prediction of fracturing parameters with machine learning
Authors: Zhu Zhihua , Hsu Maoya , Kun Ding , Wang Tianyu , He Xiaodong , Tian Shouceng
Published: February 2024

In the realm of unconventional reservoir hydraulic fracturing design, the conventional optimization of mechanistic model parameters is a time-consuming process that impedes its responsiveness to the swift demands of on-site development. This study, rooted in Xinjiang oilfield data, delves into the utilization of machine learning methods for extensive field data. The research systematically elucidates the training and optimization procedures of a production forecasting model, achieving effective optimization of hydraulic fracturing design parameters. By employing polynomial feature cross-construction generate composite features, feature filtering is performed using the maximal information coefficient. Subsequently, wrapper-style feature selection techniques, including ridge regression and decision trees, are applied to ascertain the optimal combinations of model input parameters. The integration of stacking during model training enhances performance, while stratified K-fold cross-validation is implemented to mitigate the risk of overfitting. The ultimate optimization of hydraulic fracturing design parameters is realized through a competitive learning particle swarm algorithm. Results indicate that the accuracy of the data-driven production forecasting model can reach 85%. This model proficiently learns patterns from mature blocks and effectively applies them to optimize new blocks. Furthermore, expert validation confirms that the optimization results align closely with actual field conditions.
University students’ attitudes towards their language practices, literacy self-evaluation, and reading comprehension
Authors: Stevanovic Jelena , Antic Slobodanka , Mijatovic Luka , Blazanin Barbara
Published: February 2024

Functional, multiple, contextual literacy (new literacy) constitutes a
dominant concept in contemporary theory, research, and education policies.
While functional literacy comprises a multitude of dimensions, the greatest
significance is attributed to linguistic and reading literacy. To date,
research on literacy has mostly focused on students of pre-secondary school
age, often neglecting other populations, including the youth and adults.
This exploratory study assessed the functional literacy of university
students, primarily centering on the domains of linguistic and reading
literacy. The aim was to illuminate students? perspectives on their own
language practices and obtain their literacy self-evaluations. At the same
time, we measured our participants? achievements in reading literacy tasks
and examined relations between the above-mentioned variables. A sample of
225 social science students attending the University of Belgrade completed
an online composite questionnaire. The results showed that: a) university
students? high literacy self-evaluation did not correspond to their
achievement in reading literacy tasks; b) language practice proved to be a
composite variable within which reading and writing were differently related
to achievement in reading literacy tasks. In this paper, we propose a model
of relations between these variables and point to pedagogical interventions
that could contribute to the development and improvement of functional
literacy among university students in general.
“I will give you some suggestions on how to improve teaching/learning during the pandemic” - a thematic analysis of the answers of 5th grade elementary school pupils
Authors: Minic Jelena , Keljanovic Andjela , Soskic Radoje
Published: February 2024

The present paper is part of some broader research, which aimed at examining
the perceptions of pupils, teachers, parents, and undergraduate students
related to online and combined (online and classroom) teaching/learning in
the Republic of Serbia during the pandemic. Methodology: The topic analyzed
in this paper related to suggestions put forward by students? and intended
for their teachers or the school, on how to make teaching/learning during
the pandemic better. Data were collected in the form of narratives. A
thematic analysis of the responses of 5th-grade elementary school pupils in
the Republic of Serbia was used. Responses were collected during the first
half of 2020. The students? suggestions concerned the organization of
classes and compliance with protection measures. The pupils wanted their
schools and teachers to organize classes as before the start of the
pandemic. The teachers instructed the pupils to keep track of TV/online
lessons and complete additional tasks that they sent them during the
combined classes. Most of the surveyed pupils prefer classroom
teaching/learning. The obtained findings can be considered as a modest
contribution to a better understanding of this issue, which is still
relevant, due to the current pandemic conditions.
Outdoor play and time spent by school-aged children using digital technology
Authors: Andjic Dunja , Ivic Sonja
Published: February 2024

Today?s children spend less and less time on free, unstructured play,
especially outdoor play, due to their numerous commitments and lack of free
time. Many interdisciplinary studies indicate that the lack of outdoor play
and the quality of leisure time are closely linked to the negative effects
of digital technology. The inappropriate and excessive frequency of digital
technology use has a significant impact on the well-being, i.e. healthy
growth, and development, of early school-age children. The study involved
third to sixth grade students (N=155) from a primary school in the city of
Rijeka (Croatia). Data was collected using a questionnaire. Descriptive
analyses, factor and correlation analyses as well as the Kruskal-Wallis?s
test and hierarchical multiregression analysis were conducted. The Attitudes
Toward Outdoor Play Scale (ATOP scale), i.e. an adapted version of the
scale, was used as the measuring instrument. The results of the study
confirmed the reliability and validity of the instrument used. Two subscales
of the ATOP scale named ?Benefits? and ?Fears? were identified with
acceptable measurement properties and model fit indices. The results of the
study show that time spent using digital technologies increases while time
spent playing outdoors and assessments of the benefits of outdoor play
decrease with children?s age and grade.
Referral patterns of GIST patients: data from a nationwide study
Authors: Roets Evelyne , Ijzerman Nikki S. , Ho Vincent K.Y. , Desar Ingrid M.E. , Reyners Anna K.L. , Gelderblom Hans , Grünhagen Dirk J. , Van Etten Boudewijn , Van Houdt Winan J. , Van der Graaf Winette T.A. , Steeghs Neeltje
Published: February 2024

Background: This study compares the characteristics, referral and treatment patterns and overall survival (OS) of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) patients treated in reference and non-reference centers in the Netherlands.
Patients and methods: This retrospective cohort study on patients diagnosed between 2016 and 2019, utilises data from the Netherlands Cancer Registry and the Dutch Nationwide Pathology Database. Patients were categorized into two groups: patients diagnosed in or referred to reference centers and patients diagnosed in non-reference centers without referral.
Results: This study included 1,550 GIST patients with a median age of 67.0 in reference and 68.0 years in non-reference centers. Eighty-seven per cent of patients were diagnosed in non-reference centers, of which 36.5% (493/1,352) were referred to a reference center. Referral rates were higher for high-risk (62.2% [74/119]) and metastatic patients (67.2% [90/134]). Mutation analysis was performed in 96.9% and 87.6% of these cases in reference and in non-reference centers (p < 0.01), respectively. Systemic therapy was given in reference centers versus non-reference in 89.5% versus 82.0% (p < 0.01) of high-risk and in 94.1% versus 65.9% (p < 0.01) of metastatic patients, respectively. The proportion of positive resection margins and tumor rupture did not differ between reference and non-reference centers. Median OS was not reached.
Conclusion: A substantial amount of metastatic GIST patients in non-reference centers did not receive systemic treatment. This might be due to valid reasons. However, optimisation of the referral strategy of GIST patients in the Netherlands could benefit patients. Further research is needed to explore reasons for not starting systemic treatment in metastatic GIST patients.
The Evaluation of Tree Bark as Filler for Wood-Plastic Composites: Experimental Study and Modelling
Authors: AKSOY Emre , DURMAZ Sefa , GÜRGEN Ayşenur , ARAS Uğur
Published: February 2024

Tree bark is one of the waste materials produced during harvesting. In this study, tree bark was evaluated for the production of WPCs. Three tree barks (Oak, Calabrian pine, and Cedar) were added to the matrix as an alternative for wood flour (20-80 mesh). Different tree bark content (10, 20, 40%) were also selected. The tree bark-based WPCs were produced with the flat-pressed method. The effect of tree bark on water absorption (WA) and thickness swelling (TS) were investigated during the 14 days. Tree barks have a significant effect on the WA and TS properties of the composites. As the bark content increased, the WA and TS values decreased. While the WA values increased up to 11.27% for control samples, it is only 3.27% for 40% of tree bark. Similar results were also observed for TS values. Also, the prediction models were developed using multiple linear regression (MLR). Correlation coefficient (R2) values of models were determined as 0.882, 0.853, and 0.850 for oak, Calabrian pine, and cedar WA values and 0.889, 0.839, and 0.879 for oak, Calabrian pine, and cedar TS values, respectively. The results showed that tree bark has the potential as an alternative to wood flour for WPC production.
Orman Ekosisteminin Su Üretim Değerinin Galyan Su Üretim Havzasında Değerlendirilmesi (Atasu Barajı)
Authors: BOZALİ Nuri , SİVRİKAYA Fatih , ÇAKIR Günay
Published: February 2024

Orman ekosistem hizmetleri; tedarik, düzenleyici, destekleyici ve kültürel hizmetleri bünyesinde barındırmaktadır. İnsanlar ve canlıların ekosistemden doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak elde ettiği faydalar çok çeşitlidir. Ekosistemin sunduğu düzenleyici hizmetler sürdürülebilir kalkınma ve insan yaşamı açısından önem arz etmektedir. Aynı zamanda ekosistem hizmetleri insan refahı ile yakından ilişkilidir. Yaşamın en temel taşlarından birisi de su kaynaklarıdır. Dünya yüzeyinde kullanılabilir suyun çok az olması ve su kaynaklarının insanlara sunduğu hizmetlerin artması bu önemi daha da artırmıştır. Su döngüsünün faydalı bir biçimde kullanılması için evapotranspirasyon süreçlerinin de belirlenmesine ihtiyaç duyulmuştur. Faydalı suyun depolanmasında barajlar inşa edilmektedir. Baraj havzaları içerisinde mevcut arazi örtüsünün korunması ya da geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, bazı ülkelerdeki içme suyu havzalarındaki ormancılık çalışmaları ile ekosistem hizmetleri arasındaki ilişkiler ele alınarak Trabzon ilinin içme suyu ihtiyacının yaklaşık %70’ini sağlayan Galyan (Atasu Baraj) havzasındaki orman ekosisteminin sürekliliği açısından değerlendirmelerde bulunulmuştur. Orman ekosistemi ile su üretiminin karşılıklı etkileşimlerine değinilmiştir.
Factors Inhibiting Quality Higher Education Delivery: Empirical Evidence from the University for Development Studies (UDS), Tamale, Ghana
Authors: Yussif Abdul-Majeed , Mante Samiatu Bogobiri
Published: February 2024

A good number of scholars have espoused the need for public universities to position themselves strategically to provide quality higher education in the wake of increasing global competition. However, only a few have concerned themselves with managerial challenges encountered in quality higher education delivery, especially in Ghana. The purpose of this study was to examine internal stakeholders’ perspectives on the factors inhibiting quality higher education delivery at the University for Development Studies, Tamale. Questionnaires, interviews, and focus group guides were employed to collect primary data from students, principal officers, and members of staff who were randomly and purposively selected. The findings revealed that from the Internal Stakeholders’ perspective, such challenges as inadequate provision of physical facilities such as lecture halls and hostels, poor communication infrastructure and systems such as internet connectivity, financial constraints, bureaucracy, and unfavorable government policies all inhibit quality service delivery. Appropriate recommendations were made to management as a way of bridging the quality gaps identified by the study.
Design for Hybrid Power System in Newfoundland and Labrador: A Case Study for Nain
Authors: Kotian Siddhanth , Ghahremanlou Davoud
Published: February 2024

With the introduction of renewable energy, we stand at the precipice where sustainable, long-term energy solutions are at the forefront of our efforts to secure a more environmentally responsible and enduring energy future. In this context, Nain, one of the largest indigenous settlements in Newfoundland and Labrador, has historically relied heavily on diesel generators to meet its energy demands. This research project is dedicated to addressing the energy challenges faced by Nain through actively examining and designing a hybrid power system tailored to its unique needs and geographic location. Leveraging advanced analytical software tools such as HOMER Pro, we aim to meticulously plan and design an energy system that seamlessly integrates renewable energy sources with conventional ones, optimizing efficiency, reliability, and sustainability. The study’s key objective is to create a robust hybrid power system that not only meets Nain’s current energy demands but also lays the foundation for a more resilient and eco-friendly energy infrastructure for years to come. By harnessing renewable energy resources, we aspire to reduce the community’s reliance on diesel generators, minimize environmental impact, and promote a cleaner, more sustainable energy landscape for Nain and its residents.
Maintaining Multilingualism in a Multi Culture Country: The Case of Indonesia
Authors: Muth’im Abdul , Sutiono Cayandrawat
Published: February 2024

This article aims to describe how Indonesia, as a country of multilingualism or multi-languages maintains the languages in the country. Since Indonesia is a multilingual country, it must also be a multicultural country. As a rule, cultures are usually developed through languages, and the development of languages is influenced by cultures. The relationship of cultures and languages are reciprocal. However, in some cases, the differences in language may result in disharmony in the community. Praise to God the Almighty, until recently, Indonesia can maintain this multilingual status in addition to its multi-cultural situation. Bahasa Indonesia goes along with local languages harmoniously. This phenomenon may invite the following question: “How can Indonesia, as a multilingual country, maintain the languages among a multi-cultural community?” This article attempts to explore and discuss this issue.
Unmasking the Master Narrative: Exclusionary Practices and the Enslaved African Muslims Omar ibn Said, Bilali Muhammad, and Abdulrahman Ibrahima Sori
Authors: Abdullah Alotaibi Mohrah
Published: February 2024

This study aims to investigate the exclusionary practices encountered by enslaved African Muslims in the antebellum United States, with an emphasis on how these practices shaped their lives. The significance of this study is that it sheds light on the challenges faced by individuals such as Omar ibn Said, Bilali Muhammad, and Abdulrahman Ibrahima Sori, offering insights into the workings of historical power structures. The guiding research question is: “In what ways did exclusionary practices impact the lives of the enslaved Muslims under study?” Utilizing a decolonial framework, inspired by the works of Walter Mignolo and Anibal Quijano, the study engages with concepts including the ‘master narrative’, ‘coloniality of power’, and ‘exclusionary practices’ to assess the legacy of oppression. The study contributes to the scholarship by providing a focused analysis of the experiences of enslaved Muslims, a topic that has received limited attention in historical and archival research. The conclusion will synthesize the discussion on exclusionary practices and the ‘master narrative’, reinforcing their importance in historical analysis.
The Emergence, Growth, and Maturation of the Arabic Language
Authors: Jassim Al-Zubaidi Saeed
Published: February 2024

The writer had heard about Al-Karmali before reading him or anyone who wrote about him. He motivated me to choose this book from among what he had written, and it fell into my hands. I began to look at it repeatedly and examine its thirty-nine chapters. I am not one of those whose hearts are consumed by envy, hatred, or grudges. According to what Al-Karmali mentioned. Rather, I read it in a beneficial manner, as he said: “With an open heart and a grateful heart[i].” A passionate observer meant for me the opportunity provided by “The Iraqi Academy Papers” to commemorate him and explain his role in serving Arabic: as a council, lecturer, and author. Among his extensive linguistic efforts, which were monitored by our Professor Ibrahim Al-Samarrai (may God have mercy on him), who said about these efforts: “The word fascinates him, so he researches its construction, origin, derivation, and its closeness to another Semitic language, or a non-Semitic language, he does not miss using it, the aspect of eloquence in that usage, the widespread error in its use by the public, and how it moved away from eloquence, becoming a disgraced colloquialism”.[ii]
Exploring Theoretical Dimensions in Interpreting Studies: A Comprehensive Overview
Authors: Sulaiman Al-Suhaim Dana
Published: February 2024

This paper undertakes a rigorous examination of interpreting theories, seeking to enhance the theoretical understanding of interpreting studies. Recognizing diverse interpretations influenced by theorists’ experiences, education, and cultural backgrounds, the research aims to provide a comprehensive summary of existing literature. The study focuses on three main aspects: interpreting as a product, interpreting as a process, and the interpreter’s role. Through systematic classification, the paper minimizes potential confusion among scholars by organizing theories coherently. Examining interpreting as a product involves a detailed review of corpus-based and discourse-analysis studies, offering nuanced insights into their conceptual frameworks. For interpreting as a process, the paper explores prominent theories such as Relevance Theory, Think-aloud Protocol, and Interpretive theories, highlighting their contributions to the interpretive process. The outcome is a consolidated and organized overview of interpreting theories, serving as a valuable resource for scholars and researchers navigating the theoretical landscape of interpreting studies. By systematically categorizing and summarizing the literature, the study will advance our understanding of diverse perspectives and establish itself as an efficient reference for interpreting studies and research. Ultimately, the paper aims to facilitate future research endeavors by bringing together and reviewing interpreting theories dispersed across various sources, contributing to the ongoing advancement of the discipline.
Translator–Author Encounters: Two Cases of Translating from Arabic
Authors: Abdulkareem Alghamedi Najia
Published: February 2024

The relationship between translators and authors in literary translation is an area that needs further inquiry. Specifically, it is essential to understand how the relationship between authors and translators influences translators’ status and, consequently, the recognition translators are granted. The objective of this study was to expand knowledge on literary translation by examining two cases of translation of Arabic novels to English. The research questions under investigation sought to understand a) the links between selected translation strategies and professional or personal histories and b) the impact of the background of translators on their collaboration with authors and, consequently, on their roles and status. A case study methodology was used to examine the translation of two Arabic novels, Sidi Wahdana and Banat AlRiyadh. Drawing on the sociology of translation, encounters between translators and authors and the impact of such encounters on the recognition attributed to the translators were examined. The findings revealed in the translation of Sidi Wahdana; the author, Alem, works closely with the translator, McDonough, to produce the English translation. Thus, McDonough became Alem’s co-author. In the translation of Banat AlRiyadh (Girls of Riyad) Alsanea, the author takes over the translation process and reshapes the English version. Thus, Alsanea becomes the first translator, and Booth is demoted to a co-translator. It is concluded that relations between an author and a translator can become complex, and translators may not get the recognition expected in an ideal situation.
Chorography of Contemporary Migrations and Fractured Identities in Kamila Shamshie’s Novel Home Fire
Authors: Tiwari Dr Sandhya
Published: February 2024

Representation in literature goes beyond mere inclusion; it is about providing accurate and nuanced portrayals of different identities. In literature, identity is not limited to a single dimension but encompasses a multitude of factors such as race, gender, sexuality, class, and more. Authors often use their works to explore the intersections of these identities, highlighting the ways in which they shape individuals’ experiences and interactions with the world. This research article examines the theme of contemporary migrations and fractured identities in Kamila Shamshie’s novel Home Fire (2017). The study delves into the complex portrayal of identity in the novel, exploring how the characters grapple with their cultural, religious, and personal identities as they migrate. It analyzes the novel’s narrative and character development using the concept of chorography, which maps and represents spatial and cultural phenomena. The article sheds light on the complexities faced by migrants, particularly those from Muslim backgrounds, as they navigate cultural assimilation, religious identity, and the clash between tradition and modernity. It examines how migration can lead to a fragmentation of identities, exploring struggles with belonging, cultural boundaries, and the impact of political and social factors. The article also investigates the role of memory and history in shaping characters' identities and experiences of migration. It is an earnest attempt to provide a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between migrations and fractured identity of the Muslim community in the contemporary global scenario, contributing to the existing literature on migration studies and identity formations. Through a close analysis of the text, the article highlights the ways in which these fractured identities impact the characters’ sense of belonging and their interactions with others.
КОЛЬОРОНАЗВА BLAU У НІМЕЦЬКОМОВНОМУ МЕДІЙНОМУ ДИСКУРСІ ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЇЇ ПЕРЕКЛАДУ
Authors: БИЯК Наталія , ВЕРГУН Лариса
Published: February 2024

У статті досліджено роль кольороназви як специфічного семантико-стилістичного пласта лексики, її функціонування в медійному тексті. Підтверджено, що кольороніми – важливий елемент мовного виразу, який не лише визначає властивості предметів за їхнім кольором, але й надає їм додаткових емоційних, символічних та концептуальних відтінків. Особливу увагу приділено виразам із кольоронімом «синій». Досліджено лексичне значення та походження прикметника blau в німецькій мові, його символізм у різних сферах – психології, релігії, мистецтві, літературі, лінгвокультурології. Показано, що синій колір виявляє неоднозначну семантику: від позитивної – асоціації зі спокоєм, захистом, миром та романтизмом – до вкрай негативної – обману й брехні, суму й депресії, навіть грубого насильства. Мова публіцистики передбачає образність, метафоричність, а отже, і часте використання фразеологізмів. Німецькі фразеологізми з кольоронімами доволі частотні в сучасних ЗМІ. У статті проаналізовано сталі сполуки з кольороназвою blau, кодифіковані фразеологічними словниками німецької мови, їхню семантику, лінгвокультурні особливості, а також нові похідні від них фразеологізми, виявлені в медійних текстах. Встановлено, що метафоричні значення кольороназв зазнають у медійному контексті змін у семантиці, лексичній сполучуваності, експресивно-оцінному забарвленні. Звична метафорична семантика окремих традиційних висловів нерідко отримує нові значення ще й через те, що з’являються нові події та явища, які з певних причин іменуються тими ж кольороназвами. Не всі вирази із компонентом blau, які виявляємо сьогодні у медійних текстах, є власне німецькими, є багато запозичень з інших мов, здебільшого англійської. У статті проаналізовано прийоми передачі їх засобами німецької. З огляду на структуру цих запозичених виразів, їхню семантику, час запозичення, аудиторію читачів та галузь використання, спостерігаємо розмаїття прийомів передачі їх німецькою мовою. Це в основному калькування, традиційний переклад виразу, а також особливо популярні сьогодні чужомовні вкраплення.
БАГАТОАСПЕКТНІСТЬ ПРОЧИТАННЯ ТВОРІВ ДЖ. ТОЛКІНА: АВТОБІОГРАФІЧНИЙ, ГЕНДЕРНИЙ ТА ЕКЗИСТЕНЦІЙНИЙ МОТИВИ
Authors: КОЗІЙ Ольга
Published: February 2024

«Володар перснів» став культовою книгою ХХ століття і зробив свого автора, професора-лінгвіста Дж. Р. Р. Толкіна (1892–1973), усесвітньо відомим та одним з найпопулярніших письменників. Його трилогія переросла межі літературного твору, послугувала джерелом субкультури «толкіністів». Звернувшись до його міфології, вони втілили принцип навіть не вторинної деміургії, а світотворення третього порядку. Секрет незаперечного успіху та незгасаючої популярності роману Дж. Толкіна не лише в таланті письменника, що, на жаль, не мав широкого поля для розкриття, а й у його власній – свідомій чи підсвідомій – вірі в реальність створеного. Стиль оповіді Дж. Толкіна – послідовний, логічний, позбавлений поспіху та формалізму. Його (стиль) характеризує стрункість композиції, талановите нанизування подій, тонкий і добрий гумор та певний відсоток патетики. «Сильмариліон», а не «Володаря перснів» письменник вважав книгою свого життя. Світ Середземелля читач сприймає як реальний: він логічний і завершений з погляду фізичних законів, має ретельно виписану історію та міфологію. Процес створення божественними сутностями світу теж підпорядкований певним законам, тож переживає часи власного розквіту й занепаду. Творчість Дж. Толкіна позначена неодноразовим зверненням до автобіографічного матеріалу, до реалій особистого життя. Світ творів Дж. Толкіна переважно чоловічий. Образи ельфійок, що пов’язали свою долю зі смертними, оповиті атмосферою трагізму та самопожертви. Зробивши безсмертя логічною частиною свого світу, культовий письменник століття водночас проводить психологічно-творчий експеримент-випробування людини та створює моральний ідеал, вартий вічності в силу осягнення світобудови та власних у ній ролі й місця. Попри увагу читачів та дослідників до творів Дж. Толкіна, у створеному ним світі є ще чимало загадок. Вражає й глибина та актуальність порушених у його творах проблем.
ДОМИСЛЕНІ ІСТОРІЇ ШЕВЧЕНКОВОГО КОХАННЯ НА ЗАСЛАННІ (ЗА ТВОРАМИ ШЕВЧЕНКІАНИ)
Authors: ПОЛІЩУК Володимир
Published: February 2024

Стаття є частиною системного дослідницького проєкту «Інтимно-любовні дискурси в українській літературній шевченкіані», така проблематика досі ще не ставала предметом студіювання саме в різножанрових творах про Тараса Шевченка. У низці шевченкознавчих праць констатовано, що вказана тема протягом понад століття «приносилася в жертву» задля ширшого показу соціального буття українського генія, а це своєю чергою призводило до певного збіднення і спрощення його образу взагалі, а в життєписних творах зокрема. У дослідженні наголошено на низці суспільно-побутових обставин ‒ практично цілком безправне, підневільне солдатське життя Тараса Шевченка, відірваність від природнішого середовища, зокрема українського, та вимушена інтегрованість у зовсім «інший світ» ‒ казарми і Сходу, які кардинальним чином позначилися на житті поета, зокрема на можливостях його взаємин із жінками, відомостей про які дійшло зовсім небагато. Є дуже скупа інформація про татарку Забаржаду і значно ширша ‒ про Агату Ускову. Тож письменники, які творили Шевченкові життєписи, у їх частині про заслання вдавалися до вимислів і домислів. У цій статті проаналізовано такі домислені історії нібито взаємин українського поета з «жінками Сходу», витворені в романах О. Іваненко «Тарасові шляхи», каракалпака У. Бекбаулова «Тарас на Аралі», А. Цвід «І темнії ночі… І ласки дівочі», О. Денисенка «Тарас. Повернення». Зауважено на мірі художньої майстерності кожного з творів, особливу увагу приділено аналізові романів У. Бекбаулова та О. Денисенка. Доволі широко вміщено інформацію про структурні особливості художньо-біографічних текстів.
АСОЦІАТИВНИЙ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ КОНЦЕПТУ ОПІР У СУЧАСНОМУ АМЕРИКАНСЬКОМУ ДИСКУРСІ
Authors: СТЕПАНОВ Віталій , КОРОТЕНКО Євгеній
Published: February 2024

Стаття репрезентує метафоричність як характерну ознаку асоціативного осмислення американською свідомістю концепту ОПІР. Автори аналізують його за шаровою моделлю А.М. Приходька, у якій з-поміж таких сутностей, як поняття, образ та цінності, вибрано другий компонент для пілотних спроб щодо реконструкції асоціативного потенціалу концепту ОПІР в американському соціумі. Актуальність дослідження зумовлена союзними стосунками між США та Україною в стратегічній перспективі вирішення міждержавних конфліктів. Відтак релевантним є вивчення досвіду залагодження кризових ситуацій саме крізь призму американської спільноти. Студія виконана за методикою концептуальної метафори Дж. Лакоффа та М. Джонсона в поєднанні з параметрами порядку метафоризації концепту Н.В. Таценко (спаціальність, дименсіальність, дискретність, посесивність, персоніфікація, артефактність тощо). Матеріалом дослідження послугувала мініатюрна модель дискурсу – вибірка 100 контекстів із Корпусу сучасної англійської мови американського варіанта, що репрезентує об’єктивацію лексеми «resistance» як імені концепту ОПІР. Автори аналізують семантичну валентність імені ОПОРУ (його суміжні та несуміжні колокації) з параметровим виведенням метафор. Саме вони й відповідають асоціативним образам концепту ОПІР у його шаровій моделі. Ними стали метафори: ОПІР є МІСЦЕ; РІЧ; РЕСУРС; ФРАГМЕНТ; ФІЗИЧНЕ ТІЛО; ЧИННИК; МАШИНА; ІНСТРУМЕНТ; ІСТОТА; ОБ’ЄКТ СПРИЙНЯТТЯ / ВІДЧУТТЯ / АНАЛІЗУ / ШАНИ; ПРОДУКТ / СПОРУДА; ВОРОГ / ОПОНЕНТ; ЗАХИСНИК. Найвищу частотність виявили концептуальні метафори ОПІР є РЕСУРС; ФІЗИЧНЕ ТІЛО; ІСТОТА. Тобто американці образно осмислюють однойменний концепт переважно в утилітарно-прагматичному сенсі. Перспективу майбутніх досліджень вбачаємо в уточненні наявних результатів на ширших корпусних вибірках, а також у комплексній реконструкції цілісної моделі концепту ОПІР в американській свідомості. Можливе вивчення цього концепту крізь призму свідомості союзників (наприклад, Сполученого Королівства) для контрастного порівняння досвіду вирішення конфліктів між кількома державами.
Gastos do Sistema Único de Saúde e do Regime Geral de Previdência Social com o acidente vascular cerebral: Brasil, 2020
Authors: Reis Marcio Fernandes dos , Chaoubah Alfredo
Published: February 2024

Objetivo: Identificar e descrever os gastos com procedimentos hospitalares e ambulatoriais do Sistema Único de Saúde e com benefícios previdenciários do Regime Geral de Previdência Social, devido ao AVC no Brasil, 2020. Métodos: Pesquisa transversal e descritiva, de coleta e análise de dados secundários do Sistema de Informação Ambulatorial e Hospitalar do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde e da Base de Dados Históricos da Previdência Social. Os dados foram tabulados e descritos pela quantidade de procedimentos hospitalares e ambulatoriais e benefícios previdenciários e seus gastos. Resultados: Os gastos do sistema público com AVC foram de 416 milhões de reais, 77% hospitalar, 20% previdenciário e 3% ambulatorial, com predomínio para o sexo masculino. O tratamento clínico do paciente internado (94%) e o diagnóstico por imagem (57%) originaram os maiores gastos hospitalares e ambulatoriais respectivamente e a aposentadoria por invalidez (85%), os maiores gastos previdenciários. Conclusão: Os gastos hospitalares do AVC foram maiores devido aos procedimentos de alta complexidade, seguido dos gastos previdenciários e ambulatoriais, e, medidas de combate aos fatores de risco e a implementação de um banco de dados unificado seriam fundamentais para redução dos gastos do sistema público com AVC no Brasil.
First Principles Study on the Structural and Magnetic Properties of Low-Index Cu2O and CuO Surfaces
Authors: Bogenrieder Stefanie E. , Beßner Julian , Engstfeld Albert K. , Jacob Timo
Published: February 2024

Copper oxides play a crucial role in a wide range of research areas, such as catalysis, photocatalysis, sensing, energy storage, biomedicine, and spintronics. However, further insights into the surface structure and the related magnetic properties of copper oxides are required to improve their performance. Here, we present a computational study on the structural and magnetic properties of low-index Cu2O and CuO surfaces including their bulk oxides based on spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT) via PBE+U and the ab initio atomistic thermodynamics approach. We found that Cu2O surfaces with an excess of oxygen atoms show surface ferromagnetism while CuO surfaces with an excess of copper atoms exhibit surface atoms without a magnetic moment. By analysing the density of states (DOS) and the Bader charges of the surface atoms, we discuss the electronic properties of the copper oxide surfaces and the origin of the observed magnetism. Finally, we derive a correlation between the structure and the magnetic properties of copper oxide surfaces and suggest a possible explanation for the observed magnetism within a simplified model.
Gallium Switches the Selectivity of Classical Methanation Catalysts to Produce Methanol from CO2
Authors: Zhou Wei , Hansen Colin , Chao Weicheng , Brack Enzo , Docherty Scott , Wang Yuhao , Wang Chunliang , Ehinger Christian , Copéret Christophe
Published: February 2024

Carbon dioxide is a major contributor to global climate change and ocean acidification, making efficient capture and utilization a required step for sustainable development. A pivotal aspect of sustainable development is to close the carbon cycle by converting CO2 with “green” H2 to value-added product or fuel, such as methanol. In this context, supported metal catalysts have been extensively investigated, focusing on the role of promoters and/or supports to drive catalytic performance. In particular, besides classical promoters like zinc, gallium has emerged as an alternative, to change properties from classical Cu-based methanol synthesis catalysts to Ni-, Pd- and Pt-based systems. Here, we show that upon addition of Ga, the selectivity of group 8 and 9 transition-metal elements (Ru, Rh, Os and Ir), is switched from their widely-observed methanation behavior to methanol synthesis catalysts, highlighting the universal propensity of Ga in promoting methanol formation. Detailed studies on the series of tailored silica-supported catalysts, amenable to in situ spectroscopy, complemented with density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that Ga is particularly prone to generate stable MGa alloyed nanoparticles, that persist during CO2 hydrogenation, driving methanol formation while suppressing the methanation reaction.
Discovery and Characterization of Pyridoxal 5’-Phosphate-Dependent Cycloleucine Synthases
Authors: Abad Abner N. D. , Seshadri Kaushik , Ohashi Masao , Delgadillo David A. , de Moraes Lygia S. , Nagasawa Kyle K. , Liu Mengting , Johnson Samuel , Nelson Hosea M. , Tang Yi
Published: February 2024

Pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes are the most versatile biocatalysts for synthesizing non proteinogenic amino acids. a,a-disubstituted quaternary amino acids, such as 1-amino-1-cyclopentanecarboxylic acid (cycloleucine), are useful building blocks for pharmaceuticals. In this study, starting with the biosynthesis of fusarilin A, we discovered a family of PLP-dependent enzymes that can facilitate tandem carbon-carbon forming steps to catalyze an overall [3+2]-annulation. In the first step, the cycloleucine synthases use SAM as the latent electrophile and an in situ-generated enamine as the nucleophile for g-substitution. Whereas previously characterized g-replacement enzymes protonate the resulting a-carbon and release the acyclic amino acid, cycloleucine synthases can catalyze an additional, intramolecular aldol or Mannich reaction with the nucleophilic a-carbon to form the substituted cyclopentane. Overall, the [3+2]-annulation reaction can lead to 2-hydroxy or 2-aminocycloleucine products. These studies further expand the biocatalytic scope of PLP-dependent enzymes.
INFLUENCE OF PHYTOBIOTIC AND SYNBIOTIC-ACIDIFIER BLEND SUPPLEMENTS ON HEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL INDICES, ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES AND GUT MICROFLORA OF BROILER CHICKEN
Authors: B. Falowo Andrew , D. Oloruntola Olugbenga , J. Olarotimi Olumuyiwa
Published: February 2024

This study examined the effect of phytobiotic (Superliv powder®, SP) and symbiotic-acidifier blend (Bacflora-F®, BF) feed additives on hemato-biochemical indices, antioxidant enzymes, and gut microflora of broiler chicken. A total of 120-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments, with three replicates of ten birds per treatment as follows, Diet 1 (basal/control diet), Diet 2 (basal + 0.05 g/kg SP), Diet 3 (basal + 1g/kg BF) and Diet 4 (basal + 0.05g/kg SP and 1g/kg BF). The result revealed significant differences (P <0.05) in values of all haematological parameters except monocyte counts. Broiler chickens fed a diet supplemented with SP and BF had higher packed cell volume, red blood cell, and haemoglobin concentration but lower white blood cells and lymphocyte count compared to the control group. The dietary supplementation of SP and BF did not influence the concentration of alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, total protein, and globulin contents (P > 0.05) but significantly reduced cholesterol levels of the broiler chicken compared to the control group. The result further showed that broiler chickens fed the diet supplemented with of SP and BF had higher (P <0.05) concentration of total glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in aerobic bacteria, lactic acid-producing bacteria and coliform bacteria (p > 0.05) count across the experimental treatments. In conclusion, the dietary supplementation of SP and BF can be used to enhance the antioxidative status, reduce cholesterol levels and maintain the gut health of broiler chickens during production.
YOUNG GENERATION PURCHASE PATTERNS OF BOBA AND COFFEE DRINKS IN BANYUMAS REGENCY, INDONESIA
Authors: Fathurrohman Yusuf Enril , Santosa Arif Prashadi , Kharismasyah Alfato Yusnar
Published: February 2024

Changes in consumption patterns, especially in the millennial generation, are driving the emergence of contemporary drinks. Among the contemporary drinks that are currently popular among the younger generation are Boba and coffee drinks. The research aims to determine consumer characteristics and purchasing patterns of boba and coffee drinks in Banyumas Regency. The research method uses qualitative methods with descriptive analysis. Data were collected through a web-based method (G-Forms) with a total of 188 consumers as respondents. The research results show that consumer purchasing patterns are related to preferences for the type of drink, the number of transactions and the number of cups purchased per transaction, cup size preferences, and time of purchase.
Variety in the USP deubiquitinase catalytic mechanism
Authors: Keijzer Niels , Priyanka Anu , Stijf-Bultsma Yvette , Fish Alexander , Gersch Malte , Sixma Titia K
Published: February 2024

The ubiquitin-specific protease (USP) family of deubiquitinases (DUBs) controls cellular ubiquitin-dependent signaling events. This generates therapeutic potential, with active-site inhibitors in preclinical and clinical studies. Understanding of the USP active site is primarily guided by USP7 data, where the catalytic triad consists of cysteine, histidine, and a third residue (third critical residue), which polarizes the histidine through a hydrogen bond. A conserved aspartate (fourth critical residue) is directly adjacent to this third critical residue. Although both critical residues accommodate catalysis in USP2, these residues have not been comprehensively investigated in other USPs. Here, we quantitatively investigate their roles in five USPs. Although USP7 relies on the third critical residue for catalysis, this residue is dispensable in USP1, USP15, USP40, and USP48, where the fourth critical residue is vital instead. Furthermore, these residues vary in importance for nucleophilic attack. The diverging catalytic mechanisms of USP1 and USP7 are independent of substrate and retained in cells for USP1. This unexpected variety of catalytic mechanisms in this well-conserved protein family may generate opportunities for selective targeting of individual USPs.
Nonnaturalism, the Supervenience Challenge, Higher-Order Properties, and Trope Theory
Authors: Suikkanen Jussi
Published: February 2024

Nonnaturalist realism is the view that normative properties are unique kind of stance-independent properties. It has been argued that such views fail to explain why two actions that are exactly alike otherwise must also have the same normative properties. Mark Schroeder and Knut Olav Skarsaune have recently suggested that nonnaturalist realists can respond to this supervenience challenge by taking the primary bearers of normative properties to be action kinds. This paper develops their response in two ways. First, it provides additional motivation for the previous claim about the bearers of normative properties by drawing from the work of H. A. Prichard. Second, and more importantly, it formulates a plausible metaphysical framework based on the contemporary trope theory to explain why action kinds would have their second-order properties, including their normative properties, necessarily.
The Problem of Basic Equality
Authors: Kirby Nikolas
Published: February 2024

This paper offers a targeted five-point critique of the current debate about the problem of basic equality. First, it argues that the debate should be refocussed away from any particular concept(ion) of basic equality to a more agnostic proposition about the possibility of establishing equality in any basic moral property. Second, it re-articulates the problem in terms of grounding relations rather than supervenience. Third, it argues that proponents of predominant approach to solving this problem have failed to properly distinguish between two different non-scalar properties defined in terms of scalar properties: ‘range properties’ and ‘bare properties’. Once disambiguated it is clear as to why such an approach must fail. However, this critique does direct our attention to a possible alternative strategy, that is, grounding our equality upon a ‘relative property’.
Gaslighting and Peer Disagreement
Authors: Hill Scott
Published: February 2024

I present a counterexample to Kirk-Giannini’s Dilemmatic Theory of gaslighting.