bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation and Modelling of a Spatially-Efficient 3D Wireless Power Transfer System for Multi-User Charging
Authors: Wang Han-Wei , Wang Nelson Xuntuo , Lang Jeffrey H.
Published: December 2019

This paper presents the design, modelling and simulation of a wireless power transfer system with improved 3D spatial efficiency. It is shown that a rotational field driven by balanced magnetic coils carrying phase-shifted currents can achieve almost uniform efficiency in 3-D space. Both 2-coil and 3-coil transmitting systems are designed and studied. Effective mutual inductance is proposed to visualize the magnetic fields from a multiple transmitter system, and efficiency distributions are simulated. Different excitation modes including phase-shifted and non-phase-shifted currents are analysed and compared. The results provide an approach to the design and excitation of the 3D multiple-transmitting-coil system.
Highly Oriented and Stress Modified Thick AlN Films Deposited on Low Thermal Expansion Alloy Substrates for Flexible Electronics in Harsh Environment
Authors: Moriwaki N , Minh L V , Kuwano H
Published: December 2019

Highly oriented and stress-modified thick aluminium nitride (AlN) films were deposited by reactive AC magnetron sputtering on 4 inch substrates and foils made of the low thermal expansion alloy “42Alloy” for flexible electronics in harsh environment. As a result of modification of film depositing conditions for reducing residual stress, a flat three micrometer thick AlN film was deposited successfully on the 50 μm thick 42Alloy foil, and its full width at half maximum of AlN(002) was 5.00 degree. And, it was confirmed that the AlN films on 42Alloy foils have piezoelectricity by measurement of a tip displacement of the cantilever-shape test structure.
Influences of Fe-Ga Alloy Crystallinity for the Application to a Magnetostrictive Vibration Energy Harvester
Authors: Ito M. , Minamitani T. , Ueno T.
Published: December 2019

An isotropic poly-crystalline Fe-Ga alloy was fabricated using a short-time process and its performance as a magnetostrictive vibration energy harvester was evaluated. Grain enlargement due to recrystallization was observed by annealing treatment exceeding 1100 °C, but no contribution to physical properties and power generation performance was observed. It was confirmed that the magnetostrictive vibration energy harvester using poly-crystal functioned and an output of 1.1 mW was obtained under the vibration condition of a resonance frequency of 106 Hz and acceleration of 0.8 G. This is an output of 28% compared with the case of using a single crystal. In a trial calculation, poly-crystalline Fe-Ga alloy can be fabricated at a cost of 1/6 of a single crystal, so potential for using poly-crystal is expected in applications not requiring high output.
MEMS meander harvester with tungsten proof-mass
Authors: Köhler E , Johannisson P , Kolev D , Ohlsson F , Ågren P , Liljeholm J , Enoksson P , Rusu C
Published: December 2019

Using current battery technology the life-time of a leadless pacemaker is approximately 6-10 years, with a large portion of the pacemaker occupied by the battery. This paper investigates the possibility to use a MEMS piezoelectric harvester as a complementary energy source in leadless pacemakers. The challenge is to combine the low resonance frequency required to harvest energy from a heartbeat with the small volume of 20×4×3 mm3 available, with the corresponding harvester displacement restricted to 2 mm. Due to the displacement restriction the selected structure was a double clamped bridge in order to reduce the mass displacement, with various meander-type designs simulated to reduce resonance frequency. To further reduce resonance frequency large proof-masses of tungsten were attached by gluing. Two types of tungsten proof-masses were added to four different harvesters, 16.4 mg and 16.6 mg on sample 1 and 2 and 502 mg and 492 mg proof-mass on sample 3 and 4. The structures have 2 µm patterned PZT (deposited by sol-gel technique) and Pt metal electrodes for d31 mode harvesting. The power output measured from one of the two PZT/electrodes was 0.13 nW with 50 µm deflection at 100 k Ω optimal load resistance and 9.1 mVpp at 232 Hz.
The potency of bio-organic fertilizer containing local microorganism of Cibodas village, Lembang-West Java
Authors: Sodiq A H , Setiawati M R , Santosa D A , Widayat D
Published: December 2019

This experiment was conducted to determine the characteristics of biofertilizers usually called as Local Microorganism (LM) with the raw materials that is easily obtained in the village of Cibodas Lembang. This experiment included ten main raw materials as media for growing LM, including: Bamboo Root, Spring Onion, Broccoli Leaves, Banana Stump, Leaves of Water Hyacinth, Goat Manure, Rabbit Manure, Chicken Manure, Cow Manure and Rabbit Urine. The LM was enriched with material sugar and carbohydrates then incubated for 2 weeks. Parameters observed in the laboratory include IAA hormones, cytokines and gibberellins. The microorganism living in the LM i.e Total microorganism (Total Plate Count Aerob), Azospirillium, Azotobacter and Trichoderma were also analysed. The results showed that the LM with raw materials from chicken manure showed the highest hormone content in both IAA, Cytokinin (Zeatin), Cytokinin (Kinetin) and Giberelin with the following values: 141.28 ppm, 115.63 ppm, 126.49 ppm, 165.13 ppm, respectively. The same LM showed highest number of microorganisms based on TPC method and Trichoderma with a value of 3.75 x 108, 6.80 x 105 CFU/ml. As for the analysis of the LM goat manure contain the highest number of Azospirillium which population of 2.4 x 105 CFU/ml and the highest population of Azotobacter sp was found in LM of rabbit manure with a value of 6.95 x 103 CFU / ml.
The Utilization of Vegetable Waste Silage as Feed Ingredient in Diets for Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Putra A N , Jaenudin  , Sofia F , Mustahal  , Syamsunarno M B , Hermawan D , Herjayanto M
Published: December 2019

The vegetable waste silage is potential as a feed ingredient for tilapia culture. Silage is a product of the processing of materials by the addition of acid or by anaerobic fermentation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vegetable waste silages on the growth of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Formic acid is used in this study as organic acid for the preservative. Four diets concentration of formic acid in making silage (0%, 3%, 4%, and 5%) was formulated containing 27% crude protein. The result showed that total digestibility, protein digestibility, and fat digestibility were significantly higher (P<0.05) in 4% formic acid and 5% formic acid than Control. The value of growth was significantly highest (P<0.05) in 5% formic acid (2.96±0.08 %/day), followed by 4% formic acid (2,66±0,14 %/day), 3% formic acid (2,56±0,05 %/day) and control (2,54±0,21 %/day). The utilization of 5% formic acid in making vegetable waste silage showed the best result on growth and feed efficiency than the other treatments.
Selection of potential genotypes and traits evaluation of honeydew (Cucumis melo L.)
Authors: Iskandar B A , Suwarno W B , Gunawan E , Saptomo S K
Published: December 2019

Quality improvements of honeydew (Cucumis melo L.) can be carried out by developing new superior hybrid varieties. This study aimed to identify potential genotypes having good fruit quality for breeding improved hybrid honeydew varieties. The experiment was conducted from March to May 2019 at the Tajur II experimental station of PKHT, IPB University, Bogor. The experiment was arranged in a single-factor randomized complete block design with three replicates. There were six test genotypes from S2 generation, namely IPB HD1, IPB HD2, IPB HD3, IPB HD4, IPB HD5, IPB HD6; three inbred lines, namely SMM, SMF, and OMM; and also one check variety (Alisha F1). The results indicated that genotypes had significant effects on all observed quantitative characters, namely leaf width, leaf length, stem diameter, internode length, days to harvest, fruit length, fruit weight, and total soluble solids. The SMM genotype had the highest average fruit weight as well as the other characters, i.e. leaf width, leaf length, stem diameter, and fruit length. There were also IPB HD1 and HD4 having the highest average of flesh thickness and sugar content, respectively. These three genotypes are predicted to have good potential for developing improved hybrid honeydew varieties.
Analysis of the socio-economic impact of renewable energy hybrid electricity utilization for rural community development (case study: Pantai Anyar, Yogyakarta special region, Indonesia)
Authors: Rachmawatie D , Rustiadi E , Fauzi Aad , Juanda Bambang
Published: December 2019

The aim of this research were to: (1) study on socio-economics from Renewable Energy Hybrid Power Plant (PLTH) electricity development for rural communities, (2) find out information related to average households beneficiaries of electricity (pre and post the utilization of electrical energy hybrid electricity at Baru Beach. The research was conducted at Baru Beach, Yogyakarta Special Region on November – December, 2017. The data used were primary and secondary data. The research was conducted by surveying 68 respondents who are direct beneficiaries of hybrid electric energy utilization activities in Baru Beach. The analytical method used in this part of the study is the visualization analysis of the Baru Beach map area for 20072017, analysis of household income, and Paired Sample T-test. The results showed that: (1) based on changes in the map of Pantai Baru area in 2007-2017, changes in road changes, the access and connectivity of this region to other regions have become much better. In the analysis of income obtained, post PLTH was developed at Baru Beach. The income analysis was found that, post PLTH was developed in Baru Beach, there was an increase in the average income in the non-agricultural sector and household income for PLTH electricity beneficiaries, but there was a decrease in the average income value in the agricultural sector, (2) based on Paired Sample T-Test analysis show there is a significant difference the average household income post PLTH developed at Baru Beach with a significance level of 0.041. Thus the results of this research conclude that there is any a socio-economic impact from the utilization of renewable electricity not only for the beneficiaries of electricity in rural communities, but also for the development of local area.
The effectiveness of acetic acid solution agains brown planthopper pest (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) of ciherang rice (oryza sativa L).
Authors: Hastuti D , Islamy M F , Rusmana
Published: December 2019

One of the main pests that attack rice crops, is brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens STAL.). This study aimed to determine the potential of acetic acid solution as an insecticide to control brown planthopper and their effects on rice plant Ciherang variety. The research was conducted in the plastic house at Beberan village, Ciruas, Serang District and the Biotechnology Laboratory of Agriculture Faculty; University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa and Greenhouse of Indonesian Rice Research Institut Subang; West Java in April to June 2016. The research arranged out experimentally and used a completely randomized design (CRD), which consisted of 7 treatments and 4 replications. The data obtained were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance and Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test at 5% level. The results showed that acetic acid can control the brown plant hopper, the highest mortality namely at contretation acetic acid solution 30%. Rice plants showed symptoms of poisoning in acetic acid concentration of 25% and 30% and Acetic Acid no effect on high rendering rice crop.
Fractionation distribution of metal Al, Fe, Mn, and microbial population in acidic soil horizon
Authors: Firnia D , Anwar S , Andreas D , Nugroho B , Tedjo D P
Published: December 2019

Acidic mineral soil generally has mild acidic to high acidic reaction or pH ⩽ 5.5, with very low exchangeable bases that can exchanged and rich in oxide as well as Al and Fe hydroxides. Acidized soil can lead to increased toxicity from aluminum, iron, and manganese element to the plants and deficiency of phosphorous, alkaline cation (calcium, potassium, and magnesium), and molybdenum element as well as soil microbial population. This study aimed to observe the fractionation distribution of metal aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) and soil microbial population in acidic soil horizon. Al fraction parameters included exchangeable Al (Al-exc), non-crystalline Al (Al-o), inorganic non-crystalline Al (Al-po), Organically Bound Al (Al-p), Low- and Medium- Stability Complexes with Organic Matter (Al-Cu) and High-Stability Complexes with Organic Matter (Al-pCu), exchangeable fractionation of Fe and Mn (Fe/Mn-exc), Fe and Mn from Bound to Carbonates/Acid- extractable, Bound to Fe-Mn Oxides/Reducible, Bound to Organic Matter Fe Mn/Oxidizible, Fe- Mn Residual and soil microbial population (total microbes andAcidithiobacillusbacteria). The results, distribution of Al fraction on the upper horizon of Jasinga and Lebak were dominated by stabilized organic amorphous Al fraction with fluctuative decrease of organic matter (Al-pCu), while the lower horizon tended to be inorganic amorphous Al (Al-op). The fractionation distribution of Fe fractionation on Jasinga and Lebak was dominated by Oxidizible Fe fraction. Mn fraction distribution on Jasinga and Lebak were dominated by Mn-residual fraction in each acidic soil horizon. The total population of Microbes andAcidithiobacillus.sp in each soil horizon decreased along with the alteration of soil chemical properties in each soil depth horizon.
Consumption patterns of processed cold meat after listeriosis (Listeria Monocytogens) outbreak: A case study of North-West University (NWU) students, Mmabatho Campus, South Africa
Authors: Dikgole T , Luvhengo U , Lekunze J N
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of a foodborne disease outbreak (Listeria Monocytogens) and factors which affect the consumption patterns of processed cold meat products by students at North-West University, Mmabatho Campus, South Africa. A well-structured questionnaire was used as a data collection instrument, 375 registered students who enrolled for postgraduate and undergraduate studies were randomly selected within two clusters. The sample size was calculated from the total population of 12864 students using RASOFT calculator. Data was captured and analysed using Microsoft Excel and Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25 computer software. Probit Regression Model was employed to identify factors influencing consumption patterns of students after the Listeria Monocytogens outbreak. Factors such as gender, residence, allowance (Income), meal preference, regulation of meals time, price of alternatives and academic level were found to be statistically significant and they do influence consumption patterns of processed cold meat by both undergraduate and postgraduate students in North-West University Mmabatho Campus. The study concluded that disease outbreaks (Listeria Monocytogens) do have a negative impact on student’s consumption patens and switching behaviour. Findings further revealed that disease outbreak led to the majority of students spending more time preparing meals and this may have a negative effect on their academic and/or extramural activities.
Acidity dinamic in low-fat yogurt with the addition of potato starch modified by bacterial amylases
Authors: Nikitina E , Riyanto R A
Published: December 2019

Potato starch was modified by two multienzyme bacterial preparation of Amylosubtilin® and α-amylase of Bacillus licheniformis at various enzyme concentrations. Eight types of modified starch were obtained and further applied to the mixture of low-fat yoghurt. In this research, we examined the acidity dinamic throughout the fermentation process of low-fat yogurt. It was found that the addition of modified potato starches with the concentration of 2% (w/w) did not affect the acidity dinamic compared to the native starch.
Growth rate of Pseudomonas fluorescens in liquid fertilizer from brown seaweed (Sargassum sp.) extracts
Authors: Basmal J , Aribowo M E , Nurhayati  , Kusumawati R
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this study was to observe the growth rate of Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria as biological agents to stimulate plant growth and inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. The method used were aimed to extract the micro, macro and growth stimulating substances contained in the thallus of Sargassum seaweed which had been fermented for 5 days using 0.3% KOH solution and then heated at 70°C for 2 hours. The filtrate obtained was formulated by adding silage and molasses which were then sterilized at 121°C for 15 minutes. The P. fluorescence bacteria were inoculated into the formulation solution and observed for 20 days with a span of 5 days against pH values, thickness, total nitrogen, Corganic, electric conductivity (EC), total dissolved of solid (TDS) and growth rate of P. flourescens. The results showed that the pH value did not show significant differences but the viscosity value, total nitrogen, Corganic, EC, TDS, and TPC were significantly different. The best results were found on the 10th day of inoculation of P. fluorescence in a non-sterile formulation solution with a pH value of 3.76, thickness of 2.95 cPs, total N-0.62%, Corganic 0.1%, EC 9,814 μS / cm, TDS 4,602 ppm and Total Plate Count of 10.6 log CFU/ml.
Application of piper betel leaf (piper betle linn) extract to control fish pathogenic bacteria in-vitro
Authors: Bond M M , Senggagau B
Published: December 2019

Betel leaf extracts have some natural antimicrobial. This extracts has been used as antimicrobial agent in some aqua farmer in Indonesia for an alternative method to control fish diseases. This study aims to determine the effects of betel leaf extract on fish pathogenic bacteria in-vitro. Three kinds of solvents were used in betel leaf extracts. There were ethanol, n-hexane and ethyl-acetate. About 100 g of betel leaf simplicia were diluted by 1000 ml of solvents in stainless container cap for 24 hours maceration. This extracts were filtered with 0.42 μm paper filter and then evaporated at 50C during 30 minutes in 50 rpm with vacuum rotary evaporator. This concentrated extracts were used to antimicrobial testing. The pathogenic bacteria for in-vitro testing were from Gram-negative bacteria such as Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio alginolyticus and Edwardsiella tarda. The in-vitro test of herbal extract from betel leaf againts Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria indicated that the betel leaf extract could inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria with diameter mean of inhibition zone were more than 14 mm. The solvents variations were not significantly different (p > 0.05) to diameter inhibition zone of V. alginolyticus and A. hydrophila but significantly different (p < 0.05) to E. tarda.
Feeding appropriate formulated diet for improving gonad maturation and spawning of brooder of some native fishes of indonesia
Authors: Sunarno M T D , Saputra A , Syamsunarno M B
Published: December 2019

More than 1200 native Indonesian fish species inhabiting Indonesian inland waters have been used as human daily fish consumption. It brings to decline their population and even its species by year. Efforts of spawning some native fish species have been conducted, but the successful spawning limited during the rainy season. This paper, therefore, reviews the results of research related to using appropriate formulated diets for gonadal maturation and spawning some economically important native fishes. The tested fishes used were hoven’s carp (Leptobarbus hoevenii), knife-fish (Chitala lopis), Asian red-tail catfish (Hemibagrus nemurus), kissing gourami (Helostoma temmincki), snake-head (Channa striata), and hard- lipped barb (Osteochilus hasselti), This study showed that in general, formulated diet containing about 35% protein fed on these species resulted in gonad maturation whole year and successfully spawned under controlled hatchery. The larvae survived at a high rate after feeding a natural diet up to 30 day-age. Mass production of the juvenile could support the development of its culture and be used as restocking in inland open-waters as well.
Release pattern of ammonium, nitrate, and potassium from Slow-Release Fertilizer (SRF) in the Soil
Authors: Rakhmad F , Suwardi  , Dyah T S
Published: December 2019

The low efficiency of nitrogen and potassium fertilization is one of the pressing problems in tropical agriculture. This is because the humid tropical climate, like what Indonesia has, which is characterized by high rainfall, causes a high rate of leaching of nitrogen and potassium in the soil. To improve fertilization efficiency, one practical option is to find a method of slowing down the release of available nutrients in the soil. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the pattern and rate of the release of nitrogen (in the form of ammonium and nitrate) and potassium from slow- release fertilizer (SRF). This study used three types of fertilizers, namely: SRF (13-8-10), SRF (19-12-15) and Mutiara granule fertilizer (16-16-16). Treatment dosages used corresponded to 600 kg/ha and 1200 kg/ha, with three replications, and observed over a 10-week incubation period. The results showed that ammonium release from SRF fertilizer in the first week that ranged 28.94% - 41.45%, then decreased progressively with incubation time, while that of nitrate ranged 5.77 - 7.21%, but increased over time. On the other hand, the potassium from SRF fertilizer was released by rates of 9.56% -24.58% during the first week, increasing with incubation time. The same pattern of nutrient release was observed in the case of Mutiara fertilizer, however at much greater rates compared to SRF, viz.: for ammonium (44.56 - 46.91%, at decreasing rate afterwards with incubation time), nitrate (26.33 - 30.10%, at increasing rates afterwards), as well as for potassium (15.39 - 15.75%, at increasing rates afterwards). In summary, the SRF (13-8-10), applied at a dosage corresponding to 1200 kg/ha yielded the slowest rate of nutrient release in the soil.
Factors affecting participation of women farmers in supporting family food security: case study in Pandeglang regency, Indonesia
Authors: Megasari R , Budiawati Y , Mulyaningsih A
Published: December 2019

The potential of women farmers in achieving household food security must be supported by adequate female farmer capacity, optimal participation of women farmers at every stage, and eliminating and finding solutions to a number of obstacles faced by women in order to strengthen their capacity and increase their participation in achieving home food security stairs. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that influence the participation of female farmers in supporting family food security. The population in this study were female farmers in two sub-districts in Pandeglang District, Banten Province, namely Munjul and Cibaliung Districts. The number of samples is 125 female farmers. The research activities were carried out for three months (April to June 2019). Data analysis with. The inferencing statistics used are SEM using LISREL 8.73 (Linear Structural Relationships). The results showed that the factors that influence the participation of female farmers in supporting family food security are access to resources, physical and socio-economic support and extension support. For this reason, government support is needed, by giving attention to women farmers as the main actors in achieving food security in rural households.
Utilization and Improvement of Marginal Soils for Agricultural Development in Indonesia
Authors: Suwardi
Published: December 2019

Indonesia is a humid tropical country that has very intensive weathering of soils resulting acidic soils such as Oxisols and Ultisols. In swampy ecosystems, organic matters accumulated become peat soils or Histosols. Reclamation of shallow peat for agricultural land will induce the forming of acid sulfate soils (Sulfaquept and Sulfaquent). Due to low fertility soils, the three of above soils are classified as marginal soils and now they are used for agricultural activities and some of them are still in forests. The use of marginal soils should refer to land suitability whether it is retained as a forest or used as agricultural land. The development of agricultural commodities on marginal soils must consider soil characteristics and agro-climate conditions. Oxisols and Ultisols have characteristics of low pH, low organic C, low macro and micro nutrients. In areas where rainfall is higher than 2,000 mm/year and evenly distributed throughout the year, oil palm plantations can be well developed. Meanwhile in the rainfall between 1,750-2,000 mm/year, rubber, cacao, coffee plants can be cultivated. Agricultural development in acidic soils need to be followed by the addition of soil amendments such as organic materials, humic substances, lime, fly ash, steel slag as well as fertilizers. Acid sulfate soils have a pH value of around 3 due to pyrite oxidation and usually low macro and micro nutrient content. Acacia mangium plants as raw material for pulp and oil palm plantation can grow quite well if followed by application of fertilizers and appropriate soil amendments. Peat soils are very fragile ecosystem so that in the upstream area and peat dome, they must be retained as forests. Peat can be developed for Acacia crassicarpa, oil palm, and rubber plants with good water and fertilizer management. Thin peat underneath mineral soil from river sediments can be developed rice field.
Technology and local knowledge of farmers in soybean seeds source management in Jambi province
Authors: Yardha  , Rubiana R , Nugroho H
Published: December 2019

The Ministry of Agriculture has optimism that soybean self-sufficiency can be realized in 2018. Consistency to stay on track that has been targeted has made Soybean Seed Management Unit (UPBS) activities accelerate with the technology of seed multiplication to supply quality seeds. This study examined the dissemination of technology and the existence of local knowledge, especially on consumption farmers to breeders as the output of UPBS activities. The method used is a descriptive qualitative method through literature studies and studies in the social field to explore the potential, roles, constraints and opportunities faced by farmers and soybean seed breeders related to local knowledge. The data collected consists of secondary and primary data. Benefit and Cost Ratio (B/C Ratio) analysis to determine the feasibility of changing consumption farmers to breeder farmers. The results show that farmers’ local knowledge changes with technology dissemination. Changes occurred in the use of quality seeds of New Superior Varieties (VUB) with the application of soybean integrated crop management (PTT) models that were able to increase yields 16-27%. Local knowledge maintained in terms of attack control and infestation of plant pests (OPT) in the concept of Integrated Pest Management (IPM). In this case, local knowledge of breeder farmers can compensate for location-specific technology. At the field level, a combination of technology and local knowledge was followed by an increase in income from consumer farmers to B/C soybean growers. The ratio of consumption farmers to 1.45 increased to 1.69 for breeder farmers.
Egg production trajectories of quails fed moderate energy and protein levels supplemented with digestibility enhancer
Authors: Ratriyanto A , Rosyidi F , Prastowo S , Widyas N
Published: December 2019

Betaine is proven as a digestibility enhancer that improves egg production. This study investigated the egg production trajectory of quails receiving betaine supplementation. The experimental population comprised of 204 quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) which were allotted to two treatments and six replicates with 17 quails each. The quails were given a basal diet containing 2,700 kcal/kg of metabolizable energy and 18% crude protein, without (Control) and with 0.12% betaine supplementation (Betaine). Egg production were collected from adaptation (age 42-62) and treatment period (age 63-118), and they were subjected to T-test. The data were plotted to obtain the egg production trajectory. A logistic regression model was employed to see the trend of the egg production patterns. There was no significant difference in egg production during adaptation period. Furthermore, during treatment period, the egg production enhanced (p<0.01) following betaine supplementation (59.54±13.11% vs 63.72±13.52%). This finding was confirmed by egg production trajectory curves. Results from logistic regression showed that the trend for both treatment groups were similar with slightly different fitness. Coefficient determination (R2) for both groups were 0.96 and 0.95, respectively. Betaine supplementation was able to improve quail egg production; however, the trend of trajectory was similar from that without supplementation.
Effects of undegradable dietary protein on milk production and composition of lactating dairy cows
Authors: Leondro H , Widyobroto B P , Adiarto  , Agus A
Published: December 2019

This experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of undegradable dietary protein (UDP) level on milk production and composition of 24 lactating dairy cows. Treatments consisted of T0: ) control diet without UDP (forage and concentrate were offered in total mixed ration); T1: control diet without UDP (forage and concentrate were offered separately); T2: control diet + UDP 40 gr/L milk + mineral mix; and T3: control diet + UDP 60 gr/L milk + mineral mix. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the differences between treatment means were examined by duncan multiple range test (DMRT). The results showed that UDP supplementation significantly (p<0.05) affected nutrient consumption (dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and total digestible nutrient). In addtion, UDP supplementation significantly increased milk production and 4% FCM production (p<0.05). A higher level of milk production and 4% FCM yielad in animals fed with T2 and T3. Thus, UDP supplementation may be an alternative supplement for the lactating dairy cows.
Nutrient content of coffee berries husk fermented with different inoculants
Authors: Dinata A A N B S , Utami A S J
Published: December 2019

Nutrient content of coffee berries husk can be improved through a fermentation process using inoculants. A study was conducted to determine the nutrient content of the coffee berries husk fermented with different types of inoculant. The study used fruit skin of Robusta produced by farmers in the village of Sanda Subdistrict Pupuan Tabanan regency. A completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 6 replications was adopted in the study. The treatments were coffee berries husk without fermentation (K1), coffee berries husk fermented with Aspergillus niger (K2), coffee berries husk fermented with yeast tempe (Rhizopus oryzae) (K3), and coffee berries husk fermented with yeast tapai (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (K4). The observed parameters were the contents of (1) dry matter, (2) crude protein, (3) gross energy, (4) crude fat, (5) organic matter, (6) ash, (7) crude fiber, (8) calcium and (9) phosphorus. The results showed that the highest crude protein content was resulted from K2 treatment (10.23%), while the lowest crude fiber content was resulted from K3 treatment (27.17%). This study suggested that the fermentation process able to increase the crude protein content of the coffee berries husk.
The comparison of artificial insemination success between unsexed and sexed sperm in Ongole Crossbred cattle
Authors: Susilawati T , Mahfud A , Isnaini N , Yekti A P A , Huda A N , Satria A T , Kuswati
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study was to compared the success of artificial insemination (AI) between unsexed compared to sexed sperm in Ongole Crossbred cattle. Both types of sperm were frozen semen and produced by Artificial Insemination Center Singosari Malang Indonesia. In this study, Percol Density Gradient Centrifugation was applied as protocol to select Y sperm (sexing). In total, 154 heads of female cattle divided equally into two groups namely unsexed and sexed sperm. All females were received double dosage of frozen semen during AI time. The parameters observed were percentage of Non Return Rate (NRR), Conception Rate (CR) and Pregnancy Rate (PR). The results showed that unsexed and sexed group values at NRR-1 were 90.91 and 77.92%, NRR-2 were 88.31 and 76.62%, CR were 79.22 and 57.14% and PR were 84.42 and 75.33%, respectively. According to the result, it is concluded that AI using unsexed sperm shows better result compared to the sexed.
Target gene prediction and pathway analysis of miRNA targeted AMPK involved in lipid accumulation of bovine granulosa cell luteinization
Authors: Prastowo S , Widyas N , Ratriyanto A
Published: December 2019

Luteinization is process of turning granulosa into luteal cells to produce progesterone. It’s indicated by lipid accumulation which controlled by AMPK gene, the expression is controlled by miRNAs at pre and/or post transcriptional level. Previously, 4 miRNAs namely miR-19b, miR-130, miR-101, and miR-19a were predicted targeted to AMPK. For that, this study aimed to identify board target of these miRNAs to genes in specific metabolic pathway. An insilico study was performed using online molecular databases that are miRDB (www.mirdb.org) and DAVID Bioinformatic Resource (https://david.ncifcrf.gov/) and Genomes (KEGG) pathway (https://www.genome.jp/kegg/pathway.html). Result shows that miR-19b, miR-130, miR-101, and miR-19a targeted to 1121, 738, 859, and 1117 respectively. A total 3835 genes were analyzed, resulted five annotated functional group namely coiled coil, serine/threonine-protein kinase, ATP-binding, nucleotide-binding, and kinase. According to gene ontology analysis, genes were grouped at nucleoplasm, cytoplasm, nucleus, golgi apparatus, and transcription factor complex process. Moreover, pathway analysis found five top KEGG pathways that are FoXO, MAPK, cAMP, Sphingolipid, and prolactin signaling. Two genes namely RAF1 and AKT3 were involved in all pathways. It is concluded the expression of miRNA group targeted to AMPK affect to complex cellular metabolism pathway direct and/or indirectly.
Chemical and microbiological quality of fermented goat meat dendeng with different levels of L. plantarum
Authors: Umam A K , Radiati L E , Susila A , Hapsari R N
Published: December 2019

Lactobacillus plantarum is one of lactic acid bacteria that more resistant to acidic condition so that potentially used to extend dendeng shelf life. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the quality of fermented goat meat dendeng with L. Plantarum at chemical and microbiological quality. Three different levels of L. plantarum (0, 0.3, 3, and 30 mL) were applied to goat meat dendeng at room temperature. Results showed a significant different in pH, titratable acidity (TA), and Total Plate Count (TPC) on fermented goat meat dendeng, except for total lactic acid bacteria (LAB). At 30 mL. L. plantarum application showed better characteristics on chemical quality, with lowest values of pH 5.16±0.25, highest Titratable Acidity 22.66±0.73 highest number of microbiological quality including Total Plate Count (TPC) 6.34±0.56 CFU/g and Total Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) 6.84±0.69 CFU/g, respectively. From the study it is concluded that addition of L. plantarum resulted better characteristics on chemical and microbiological quality, and it is possible to be applied for commercial production of fermented goat meat dendeng.
Growth optimization of Bacillus subtilis 11A isolated from Indonesian native chicken (Gallus domesticus) for bacteriocin production
Authors: Cahya V A , Hanim C , Yusiati L M , Bachruddin Z , Erwanto Y
Published: December 2019

This study aimed to obtain the optimal growth of Bacillus subtilis 11A isolated from Indonesian native chicken (Gallus domesticus). The growth optimization included pH medium conditions (5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 8.5) and different incubation temperatures (31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41°C). Isolate was incubated for 12 hours using Luria Bertani broth. Optical density was observed using spectrophotometer (λ600) at 0 and 12 hours of incubations. Bacteriocin activity against pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli was determined using a well-diffused method. Data was statistically analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed with Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT) to distinguish the treatment means. The results showed that the optimum pH for bacterial growth was at pH 6.5. Optimum temperature for bacterial growth was at 39°C. The highest bacteriocin activity of B. subtilis 11A against indicator pathogens was resulted at stationary phase (1906.14, 2179.79, 2343.07 AU/ml). It can be concluded that B. subtilis 11A isolated from Indonesian native chicken grew optimally for bacteriocin production at pH 6.5 and temperature 39°C. The highest bacteriocin production and activity produced by Bacillus subtilis 11A was at stationary phase.
Estimation of production and quality of forage under palm oil plantations in different sections
Authors: Martono S , Suhartanto B , Utomo R
Published: December 2019

The objective of this experiment was to determine forage production and quality under palm oil plantations in different sections. Data were collected from palm oil plantations aged of 9 years in PT. Buana Karya Bhakti, South Kalimantan with a destructive sampling method and then analyzed for forage production, botanical diversity, and chemical compositions. The data were analyzed using T-test. The results showed that dry matter forage production in the edge section (2,914±854 kg/ha/year) was higher (P<0.01) than that in middle section (754±191 kg/ha/year). Chemical composition: DM, CP, EE, NFE and TDN contents of forage in the edge section were not significantly different with in the middle section, however OM and CF contents in the edge section were higher (P<0.01) than that in the middle section. The NDF and ADF contents in the edge and middle sections were not significantly differents, while lignin content in the middle section (15.1±0.6%) was higher (P<0.01) than that in the edge section (10.8±1.0%). It can identified 90 plants species which consisted of 30 species grasses, 38 species forbs, 9 species ferns and 13 species other plants. In conclusion, the edge section under palm oil plantation more potential to provide ruminant feed.
In vitro digestibility assessment of banana stem silage (Musa paradisiaca) inoculated with EM-4 and different accelerators added as ruminant feed
Authors: Wajizah S , Akbar M A , Usman Y
Published: December 2019

Utilization of banana (Musa paradisiaca) stem as ruminant feed is limited by low crude protein and high crude fiber content. High water content of banana stems accelerates the decay process. Implementation of ensilage technology with the addition of inoculants and accelerators is intended to increase the nutritional value of the banana stem and its storability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro digestibility of banana stem silage inoculated with EM-4 and different accelerators addition as ruminant feed. This study was design as a completely randomized design consisted of 4 treatments, namely R0 (control without accelerator), addition of rice bran (R1), cassava (R2) and sago (R3) with 4 replications each. Parameters measured in this study were in vitro pH value, N-NH3 concentration, dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility. The result showed that cassava added silage produced the lowest (P<0.01) pH value compared to other treatments and increased (P<0.01) in vitro N-NH3 concentration, DM and OM digestibility compared to control. It was concluded that addition of cassava as accelerators improved the fermentation quality of banana stem, as shown by the lowest pH value and the highest in vitro N-NH3 concentration, DM and OM digestibility.
A typological characterization of dairy farming system towards economic sustainable farm in West Java (Indonesia)
Authors: Sembada P , Duteurtre G , Messad S
Published: December 2019

Small scale farms play an important role in Indonesia. However, shortage of capital become the main challenge for small farms. To foster the economically sustainable farms, the diversity and the characteristic of dairy farms should be understood. This study identified farmers’ types by using typology approach based on the capital as active variables. The data were obtained from interview with experts, direct observation, formal survey to 353 farmers, and recording from the public authorities and the milk cooperatives. We performed MFA, HCA, desciptive as well as comparative analysis. The indicator of economic sustainability was chosen through in-depth interview with experts and the scoring was created. Results showed that there were five farmers’ types and farmers type 5 was the most economically sustainable type. In other words, specialized farms with higher level of capital and more productive worker were able to generate more family income and might be more sustainable economically. The study underlined the importance of typology approach to understand the diversity and the characteristic of farming system. It was also useful to identify in what condition dairy farm is economically sustainable. To have more economically sustainable farm, strategy in increasing farm capital and productive worker should be done.
The correlation between blood metabolic and reproductive performance on the Holstein-Friesian crossbred dairy cows
Authors: Darmawan M A , Suranindyah Y Y , Widayati D T
Published: December 2019

This research was conducted to investigate the correlation between blood metabolic and reproductive performance on the Holstein-Friesian crossbred. Twenty cows on the second to the third lactation were used in this research. The blood was collected through a jugular vein, eight hours after feeding; it was used for investigating serum protein, glucose, and estradiol. The reproduction including service per conception (S/C), postpartum mating (PPM), and calving interval (CI). The data were analyzed using the Pearson Correlation Model. The average of serum protein, glucose, and estradiol concentration were 7.17±0.86 g/dl; 56.14±4.56 mg/dl; and 4.97±0.75 pg/mL respectively. The average of PPM, CI, and S/C were 150.40±69.85 d; 433.60±106.01 d; and 1.6±0.75 t respectively. The results showed that the correlation coefficient of the estradiol on serum protein and serum glucose were 0.309 and 0.329 respectively. The correlation coefficient of serum protein on PPM, S/C, and CI were -0.096; –0.333; -0.134 respectively. While that of serum glucose on PPM, S/C, and CI were -0.109; –0.327; and -0.309 respectively. Serum protein and glucose had a negative correlation on S/C, PPM and CI.
Effect of yeast supplementation in diets with early feed restriction on nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens
Authors: Malahubban M , Adek N A N , Sani N A , Rahimi N S A , Zakry F A A
Published: December 2019

Present study aimed to determine the influence of yeast supplementation in diets with or without early feed restriction on nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Three dietary treatments each consisting of three replicates namely 1) control (commercial diet); 2) 0.3% yeast supplement; and 3) 0.3% yeast and early feed restriction at 7 to 14 days of age. Faeces were collected from five days before the end of experiment and later analysed for crude protein, fibre, and fat. At the end of the experiment (day-42), two broilers from each replicate were slaughtered. The present study found that crude protein and crude fat increased at 92.00 ± 1.46% and 96.33 ± 0.42%, respectively (P<0.05), over broilers fed commercial pellet only at 84.50 ± 0.56% and 94.17 ± 0.48%, respectively. However, when employing feed restriction on broilers fed on diets with 0.3% yeast, no further improvement (P>0.05) on nutrients digestibility was observed after yeast supplementation in diets. Dressing and abdominal fat of broiler chickens fed a diet with yeast supplement were different (P<0.05) with control. This study concludes that yeast supplementation improved digestibility of crude protein, crude fat, and dressing and abdominal fat but no improvement when early feed restriction imposed.
Male calf proportion of artificial insemination results by using sexed sperm with double dose on Ongole crosbred cows
Authors: Yekti A P A , Bustari W O , Kuswati  , Huda A N , Satria A T , Susilawati T
Published: December 2019

The technology of artificial insemination is very popular to increase the population of cattle in Indonesia. This technology could be more valuable with sexing sperms in order to get the offspring with expected sex. The aim of the research is to know the proportion of male calves that was born from crossbred Ongolecows which were inseminated using double dosesemen sexed for Y sperm. The materials were 43 calves from Artificial Insemination Center Singosari. Twenty four calves was born from cows inseminated with non-sexed semen and nineteen calves with sexed semen. The percentage of sperm carrying X and Y chromosomes was performed by measuring the size of the sperm’s head by using a microscope. The result showed that the proportion of Y sperm in sexed semen was 80.79 %, while the X sperms was 19.21%. Furthermore, the percentages of the male calves that born from double dose sexed Y sperm was 78.95 %, while from the non sexing-semen was 21.05%. It can be conluded that the artificial insemination using double dose sexed semen can result the male calves proportionate with the Y sperm proportion in the sexed semen.
The utilization of Arachis pintoi and Gliricidia sepium as protein-sources substitute for dairy cattle
Authors: Widiawati Y , Purwantari N D , Sajimin  , Herliatika A
Published: December 2019

Dairy cattle need high nutrient contents in their ration, especially in the first lactation period. Farmer prefers to feed the cattle with cheap andlow quality concentrate to decrease the feed cost. This condition leads to low milk production. This research aimed to observe the effect of substitution of legume which contains high protein to improve the cheap low-quality concentrate. This research uses twenty-four dairy cattle (8.5 months-pregnancy; average body weight (BW) 359.29±35.63Kg), which were randomly divided into 3 groups of dietary treatments. The treatment were Concentrate I (100% concentrate); Concentrate II (85% Concentrate+15% Gliricidia sepium); Concentrate III (Concentrate 85% + 15% Arachis pintoi). The observation was done during 16 weeks of feeding trial. The parameters observed were feed intake and digestibility, milk production, and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Milk production measured during 3 months-lactation periods. The result shows that concentrate substitution by using 15% Gliricidia sepium or Arachis pintoi didn’t affect feed intake (11.017-11.388kg DM/head/day), digestibility (56.70-58.32%), FCR(1.138-1.214 kg DM/L), and total milk production in first 3 months-lactation period (859.07-887.59 L/head). This research concludes concentrate can be replaced up to 15% by Gliricidia sp or Arachis Pintoi to improve quality without affect livestock performs, but decrease feed cost.