bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Synthesis of High Performance Emulsion of Paper Sizing Agent under Microwave Radiation
Authors: Chen Jian , Yang Fu Jie , Zhu Hong Xiang , Li Yong Hong , Wang Shuang Fei
Published: December 2012

After the treatment of the ultrasound, the paper sizing agent preparation process with emulsion copolymerization of methyl methl acrylate and butylacrylate under microwave irradiation is discussed. To research the synthesis of sizing agent, the change of emulsion polymerization products of monomer conversion, particle size, and centrifugal stability were observed under types of conditions such as microwave power and dosage of emulsifiers. This synthetic method is due to use the microwave irradiation so that its response is very fast, and it can provide a new approach to prepare efficiently a paper sizing agent in the paper making.
Analysis of Volatile Compounds in Flowers of Akebia trifoliata by Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Xiao Ting , Wang Le , Liu Ting , Yu Ai Nong , Yang Xiao Hong
Published: December 2012

Objective: To analyse chemical constituents of the volatiles flowers of Akebia trifoliata. Method: The volatiles of bungei were extracted through Headspace solid-phase microextracti, and then the constituents were separated by GC and identified by MS. Result and Conclusion: 22 Compounds were identified. The principal chemical constituents of the volatiles flowers of Akebia trifoliata are α- Farnesene and Farnesene*(80.827%），Ocimene and Ocimene* （14.699%）、πPatchoulene and πPatchoulene*(1.200%) etc,respectively.
Numerical Study on Formation Mechanism and Reduction Methods of NOx in Methane/Oxygen-Enriched Air Diffusion Flame
Authors: Feng Yao Xun , Zheng Xiao Feng , Jia Ming Sheng
Published: December 2012

In this study, a methane/oxygen-enriched air counterflow diffusion flame was analyzed numerically using detailed chemical kinetics, on the condition that the oxygen mass fraction in the oxidizer stream varied from 21% to 99%. The obtained results show that as the oxygen concentration in air increases, the maximum temperature increases; the region of combustion reaction is gradually divided into two parts, and the total NO production rate and especially the thermal NO production rate increase greatly. With consideration of the possibility of gas recirculation to minimize NOX in the industrial combustor, the usefulness of NOX reduction in combustion was analyzed numerically when the methane stream was diluted with the inert gases N2 or CO2. The obtained results show that the flame structure and dominant mechanism of NO formation change greatly with the concentration of diluents in fuel; the emission index of NO decreases gradually when the concentration of diluent CO2 increases.
Preparation and Characterization of Sodium Hexatitanate Whiskers
Authors: Zhang Xiao Yu , Zhang Yu Jun , Gong Hong Yu , Song Yun Na
Published: December 2012

Sodium hexatitanate (Na2O•6TiO2) whiskers with an average diameter and aspect ratio of 1-3 µm and 10-20 respectively were synthesized by calcinating mixtures of industrial grade sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), anatase TiO2 and potassium fluoride (KF). The growth of sodium hexatitanate whiskers was obtainable in a range of TiO2/Na2CO3 molar ratio from 4 to 6, heating temperature from 940 °C to 1000 °C and content of KF from 5 wt.% to 7 wt.% with different morphologies and aspect ratio of the products. The role of KF on the growth behavior of Na2O•6TiO2 whiskers was demonstrated by structural and morphological observation.
Study on the Preparation of Calcium Sulfate Whisker by Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Luo Kang Bi , Li Hu Ping , Tan Yan Xia
Published: December 2012

This article took the sodium sulfate and calcium chloride as the raw material and prepared calcium sulfate whiskers by hydrothermal method. The experimental results show that the calcium sulfate precursors are prepared by the reverse feed mode in which the sodium sulfate solution drop into the calcium chloride solution under the solution concentration 0.6 mol/L and the molar ratio of Na2SO4 to CaCl2 at 1:1.8. The precursors were placed in pH=6.12 hydrothermal environments and treated in the autoclave at 140 °C for 4 h to obtain the calcium sulfate whiskers having for the ratio of length to diameter at 97.5 and the better morphology.
Thermal Effects Induced by Absorbing Inclusions in Laser Optical Films
Authors: Huang Cai Hua , Sun Xiao Hua , Sun Yi Hua , Zou Jun
Published: December 2012

The thermal transportation caused by absorbing inclusions in optical films under the radiation of laser pulse is unsteady heat conduction. The temperature distribution in films is ununiform and time-dependent. Considering the small size of inclusions, the absorbing inclusions were treaded as dot-heat sources. Based on this assumption, the unsteady heat conduction model was brought out and the temperature distribution in films was figured out and discussed, the mechanism that the catastrophic damage may avoid with micro-damage or micro-deformation in films through the release of stress concentration is presented. By comparing the thermal effects caused respectively by single inclusion and assembling ones, the effect of inclusion size on thermal damage in films was discussed.
Influence of Laser-Conditioning on Laser-Induced Damage Properties of ZnSe Thin Films
Authors: Zou Feng , Xun Jun Qi , Su Jun Hong , Ma Jian Bo
Published: December 2012

With the development of high power laser systems, laser protection of optical components becomes more and more important. In order to enhance the laser-induced damage capability of optical films components, besides advanced methods and processes, post-treatment has significant influence on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of thin films. Q switch Nd:YAG laser of the working wave length at 1064nm, was used to post process on ZnSe single layer films with thickness of /2 (=1064nm) deposited by thermal evaporation, and the laser-induced damage and optical properties were investigated. By changing the energy density and pulse number under the spot size remained a fixed value, their effects on thin films damage threshold were studied respectively, the optimal processing parameters were obtained: energy density is 3.0 J/cm2 and pulse number is 1.The LIDT of post processed ZnSe films was improved from 5.0J/cm2 to 8.2J/cm2.
The Effect of Cooling Rate During the Hydrothermal Growth on the Tip Geometry of ZnO Nanorods
Authors: Zhang He Qiu , Ren Xiu Ming , Hu Li Zhong , Ji Jiu Yu , Li Yang , Liu Jun Lin , Liang Hong Wei , Luo Ying Min , Bian Ji Ming
Published: December 2012

The ZnO nanorods with sharp tip have been fabricated via water cooling treatment during the hydrothermal growth. The morphology and crystal structure of the zinc oxide nanostructure were examined by field-emission scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction, respectively. The structural characterizations revealed that the as-synthesized nanorods were single crystalline, with a hexagonal phase. It has been demonstrated that the cooling rate is the critical factor of the synthesis of the sharp tip ZnO nanorods by comparing the different cooling conditions. The growth mechanism for the sharp tip ZnO nanorods has been proposed on the basis of the different crystallographic habits of wurtzite hexagonal ZnO crystals.
Simulation of the Growth, Structure and Crystallization of the Amorphous Silicon Thin Film
Authors: Ren Shi Wei , Sun Jing Wei , Hao Yan Zhong
Published: December 2012

In this paper, using classical molecular dynamics, the growth of the amorphous silicon thin film deposited on the single crystal silicon is simulated and studied by Stillinger-Weber potential. The radial distribution functions of particles are calculated and the Voronoi diagrams of the films are given. The regular and irregular structures in the film are analyzed and the part crystallization condition is discussed. It is found that the features of the film are related with the ratio of the substrate temperature and the temperature of the incident atoms. The density of the deposited silicon film is obtained. The value of the density is about 2.2515g/cm3 which is consistent with the experiment data.
Research of Preparation and Etching of PS Microspheres Film
Authors: Peng Dong Sheng , Chen Zhi Gang , Tan Cong Cong
Published: December 2012

In this article, the polystyrene (PS) microspheres monolayer film was manufactured on silicon substrate by spin-coating, and the effect of PS microspheres concentration on preparation of monolayer film was discussed in detail. With a view to the application of graphic substrate technology, the etching effect with different technological parameter (etching time and power) was researched, and a set of appropriate process parameter were obtained, which met the requirements of preparation of the extension graphics silicon substrate.
Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Immobilized on Glass Fibers
Authors: Sikong Lek , Triprakong Wasin
Published: December 2012

Silver nano-particles (AgNPs) films were prepared and coated on glass fibers by reduction of [Ag(NH3)2]+ complex with sucrose at temperature of 400-600°C. The effect of AgNO3 solution used as a source of silver was also investigated. The synthesized films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and electron dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). It was found that both concentration and temperature have an effect on crystal growth, morphology and hydrophobic property of silver nanoparticles on surfaces of glass fibers. High temperature synthesis can partially cause grain coarsening of AgNPs on the films. The hydrophobic property of these silver coarsened grains was found to increase at the calcined temperature of 600°C, leading to easily removed from the surface coating.
A Simple Model for Mechanical Behavior of PET Thin Film Deposited with Pure Aluminum on Both Surfaces and the Experimental Study
Authors: Liu Guo Ning , Zhao Hua Dong , Guo Qian Qian , Ma Sheng Gang
Published: December 2012

A commercially available PET thin film material with pure aluminum material deposited on its two surfaces is studied in this work to investigate the relationship between the mechanical behaviors and the structure of this “composite” material with the application of the concepts for the composite mechanics. This kind of structure has excellent anti-corrosion properties and can act as the good functional barrier material. Experimental researches are further carried out here to study the mechanical performance under various loading conditions as well as the influence of loading rates over the structure’s failure behavior, and over its mechanical properties like the yielding strength and the elastic modulus.
Influence of Annealing Time on the Properties of GZO Thin Films Fabricated by Direct Current Magnetron Sputtered
Authors: Wu Xia , Yang Hui Dong , Zhang Ji Sen , Gu Long
Published: December 2012

The films were deposited on glass slide substrates by DC magnetron sputtering method by using a ZnO target doped with Ga2O3 of 3wt%, then annealing processing were implemented respectively under the temperature of 250 °C with the time of 0,30,60,90 and 120 minutes.Effects of sputtering on the structural and optical and electrical properties of GZO films had been investigated. The results showed that GZO films with high quality could be fabricated after vacuum-annealed. crystal face of GZO films had a good tendency of c axis. the (002) diffraction peak reached a maximum at the annealing time of 1.5 hours; at the same time ,crystal grain became larger and crystal boundaries narrow, film’s resident stress reduced to 0.5 Mpa.With the annealing time increasing, the resistivity of GZO films decreased and reached the minimum which was 9.1×10-4 Ω·cm at 1.5 hours. While the average transmittance decreased sharply after the time of 1.5 hours in visible region. Consequently, the best annealing time is 1.5 hours.
Research about Efficiency of Seismic Mitigation for FPS-TMD System
Authors: Ge Nan , Chen Hai Bin , Wu Yue
Published: December 2012

A theoretical analyzing approach about a novel tuned mass damper system, FPS-TMD, was derived according to Lagrange Equation. The solution was presented with Newmark-β method and was programmed with MTALAB software. Computation results show that the maximum storey drift, inter-storey drift, storey velocity and acceleration were significantly decreased with FPS-TMD system. The slide radius, slip friction coefficient and the tuned mass will exert rather large influence upon the efficiency of seismic mitigation and energy dissipation. The system will exhibit the best efficiency with the slide radius being 0.8m, the slip friction factor being 0.4, and the tuned mass M/m=0.5.
Influence of the Strain Hardening of HDRBs in the Evaluation of the Seismic Response of a RC Base Isolated Structure
Authors: Cancellara Donato , de Angelis Fabio , Pasquino Mario
Published: December 2012

In this paper we have analyzed the influence of the strain hardening behavior of High Damping Rubber Bearings (HDRBs) adopted for a base isolation system of a Reinforced Concrete (RC) isolated structure. For the modeling of the rubber isolators we have adopted an evolution of the Bouc-Wen’s hysteretic model taking into account the incremental hardening effect which appears when the shear strain of the HDRB exceeds the limit value around 100% usually adopted in design practice. The incremental hardening effect is sometimes neglected in the design but it is an important aspect because it ensures a seismic protection of the base isolated structure also in presence of exceptional seismic events for intensity or frequency content. In this paper we have highlighted the significant influence of this phenomenon in the seismic response of the isolated structure by reporting the cyclic behavior of a HDRB respectively neglecting and considering this aspect.
Preparation of Polyurethane-Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) / Chitosan Blend Nanofiber Nonwovens by Coelectrospinning
Authors: Kang Wei Min , Yan Jing , Cheng Bo Wen
Published: December 2012

Polyurethane-poly (vinyl alcohol)/chitosan (PU-PVA/CS) blend nanofiber nonwovens were successfully prepared by coelectrospinning in this paper. The morphology, diameter and structure of the electrospun nanomaterials were examined by SEM and FITR, and their mechanical properties were tested. The diameter distribution of the nanofibers was measured by Image-Pro Plus. The results show that the ideal nanofibers with the diameter in 50-350 nm can be obtained with the proper technical parameters of PU and PVA/CS nanofibers as follows: the spinning voltage at 30 kV and 40 kV, the extruding speed at 6 mL/h and 0.5 ml/h, the collecting distance at 150 mm and 200 mm, respectively.
Seismic Strengthening of Non-Ductile R/C Structures Using Infill Wall or Ductile Steel Bracing
Authors: Valente Marco
Published: December 2012

This study deals with the seismic assessment and retrofitting of existing non-ductile R/C structures and the issue of selecting effective strengthening solutions is addressed. A displacement based procedure using nonlinear static pushover analyses is adopted in order to assess the main characteristics of the original structure and to select valuable retrofitting strategies. The procedure is applied to a four-storey R/C frame tested at the JRC ELSA Laboratory some years ago. The R/C frame was designed for gravity loads without specific earthquake-resistant provisions. Accurate numerical models are developed to reproduce the seismic response of the R/C frame in both the original and retrofitted configurations. The effectiveness of two strengthening techniques is examined. First, a retrofitting intervention is carried out by adding a concrete shear wall to the short bay of the frame. This solution is efficient in controlling global lateral drift and thus reducing damage in structural members. Then, a retrofitting solution involving the introduction of eccentric steel bracing is investigated in order to reduce the displacement demand and to increase the energy dissipation capacity of the frame. Nonlinear dynamic analyses are performed to assess and compare the seismic response of the frame in the original and retrofitted configurations.
Study on Sealing Technology for Micro-Arc Oxidation Ceramic Coatings of Aluminium
Authors: Li Shi Jie , Li Pan Pan , Cao Xiao Ming , Wen Ming
Published: December 2012

A new green sealing treatment, involving the use of bidirectional pulse power supply to the micro-arc oxidation ceramic coatings on Al substrate immersed in a solution of aluminum nitrate, has been developed. The best parameters of pulse sealing was obtained through single factor analysis and orthogonal experiment: frequency is 200Hz, the rations of positive and negative are both for 40%, sealing voltage is 80V, electrolyte concentration is 20g/L, sealing time is 30min. The polarization curve of sealing around the ceramic membrane in the mass fraction of 5% NaCl (PH=7) solution was tested. The results show that the ceramic membrane corrosion resistance after pulse sealing has been significantly improved.
Structure and Properties of Ti/TiN/Sb-SnO2 Electrodes with Plasma Sprayed TiN Interlayer
Authors: Wu Xiao Wen , Zhang Jian Xin , Wang Yang , Huang Amin
Published: December 2012

In this paper, TiN coating as an interlayer was fabricated on Ti substrate by reactive plasma spray. Ti/TiN/Sb-SnO2 electrodes were prepared by SOL-GEL method and the influence of the TiN interlayer on the structure, oxygen evolution potential and service life of the electrodes was studied. It was shown that the surface of the Ti/TiN/Sb-SnO2 electrodes is more homogeneous and the oxygen evolution potential and accelerated life are both higher than those of the Ti/Sb-SnO2 electrodes.
The Progress and Development Direction of Adding Ball Methods
Authors: Xiao Qing Fei , Tong Xiong , Yan Fu Kun
Published: December 2012

This paper mainly introduces three common adding ball methods,simply adding a kind of large balls has the advantages of simple principle,while will cause a slants much of large balls in mill seriously,so its technology aspect is not appropriate; according to the load characteristics and consumption adding balls,which is targeted,but this method is cumbersome and heavy workload,difficult in popularization and application;graphic method adding balls has its theoretical basis of the actual production and its operation is simple.The development direction of adding ball methods is mainly focus on strengthening the grinding targeted,reducing workload and the automatic control to avoid the artificial influence.
Fabrication and Properties of Cu-Cr Coatings on the Inner Wall of Steel Pipe by Mechanical Alloying Method
Authors: Tian Zhong Qing , Zhang Guo Xing , Huang Wei Jiu , Zhu Yu Kai
Published: December 2012

The mechanical alloying method process has been innovatively used to prepare Cu-Cr coating on the inner wall of steel pipe. The effect of the rotating speed on thickness, microhardness and friction coefficient of the Cu-Cr coating was investigated. The coating thickness was measured from all samples using optical microscope. The microhardness was analyzed by Digital Microhardness Tester. The friction coefficient was tested by high speed reciprocating friction testing machine. The results show that the coating thickness is 26, 29 and 31μm at the rotating speed of 200, 250 and 300 rpm. The microhardness of the Cu-Cr coating prepared at 200, 250 and 300 rpm are about 760, 780 and 830 Hv. The friction coefficient of the Cu-Cr coating prepared at 200 rpm are about 0.25, 0.40 and 0.38 at the frequencies of 3, 4 and 5 Hz. The friction coefficient of the Cu-Cr coating prepared at 250 rpm are about 0.30, 0.29 and 0.20 at the frequencies of 3, 4 and 5 Hz. The friction coefficient of the Cu-Cr coating prepared at 300 rpm are about 0.10, 0.13 and 0.09 at the frequencies of 3, 4 and 5 Hz.
Tension in Surface Layer of Workpiece by Different Tool´s Geometry
Authors: Mrkvica Ivan , Ochodek Vladislav , Janoš Miroslav , Sysel Petr
Published: December 2012

This article deals with influence of the milling cutter tool’s geometry on tension in surface layer of workpiece. It describes, whether the tool brings the residual stress into the surface and its measurement by the magnetoelastic method based on the Barkhausen noise principle. The correct choice of the tool and cutting parameters has significant influence on surface layer of the component and extends so its lifetime and dependability. In this way we try to comply with permanent growing on the machine component.
Surface Modification of Magnesium Hydroxide with Stearic Acid
Authors: Zhang Dong Sheng , Liu Zhi Qi , Li Li Juan , Zhu Li Xia
Published: December 2012

The surface of magnesium hydroxide (MH) was modified with stearic acid (SA). The modification mechanism was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that an esterification reaction occurred between SA and MH. The modification effect was evaluated by activation index and oil absorbance rate. The results indicated that the optimum technological conditions were as follows: SA dosage was 1.25 wt. % at 70 °C for 10 min at a stirring rate of 2000 rpm. As a result, both dispersion and hydrophobicity of modified MH were remarkably improved.
Study on the Properties of Polyester Fabric by Ni/Co/Fe Multilayer Electroless Plating Technology
Authors: Zhan Jian Chao
Published: December 2012

The Ni/Co/Fe plated fabric was obtained by electroless plating. The surface morphology, crystal structure, composition,surface resistance and microwave absorption performance of Ni/Co/Fe plated PET fabric were investigated. The results show that the composites possess effective microwave absorption. The characteristics of microwave absorption can be controlled by adjusting element ratios in composition. This kind of composite has great potential and investigation value in microwave absorbing fields.
Three Numerical Simulation Methods on Dynamic Free Surface Deformation Simulation of a Sessile Drop
Authors: Chen Chao Yue , Lei Zuo Sheng , Jin Xiao Xing , Zhong Yun Bo , Ren Zhong Ming
Published: December 2012

The problem of free surface deformation is involved in variable fields ranging from material processing to metallurgy. In order to investigate the transient evolution of fluid field and free surface deformation numerically, three numerical simulation methods are proposed among which one is based on level set method, the other two are based on moving mesh method. Afterwards, a benchmark problem of sessile droplet is chosen to test and verify each numerical method. A comparison of each numerical result and experimental result shows a good agreement between each other. Comparison and discussion of three numerical methods are made in the end.
Structural and Shaping Design of Centerless Cylindrical Grinding Machine Based on CAD
Authors: Pan Li Ai , Cheng Xian Chun , Ding Ning
Published: December 2012

In this paper, according to the requirements of the topic, through the large market research and a series of calculation, I design the requirements of the grinding wheel frame and the spindle. In combination with relevant patent reform on the basis of grinding machine, The guide part of the drive system, micro feeding and automatic feeding mechanism is analyzed and design calculation, so that the machine can greatly reduce the labor intensity of workers and improve the processing accuracy. On this base of the design, I design and select the suitable rail to guarantee the processing precision and the wheel frame seat movement accuracy by using the calculated data and shape dimensions. At last, I design structural and shaping of the centerless cylindrical grinding machine.
Numerical Simulation of Heat Flow in a Vehicle Cabin
Authors: Zeng Yang , Katsuta Masafumi
Published: December 2012

The heat flow distribution in a simplified 3-D vehicle cabin is predicted when parking in the summer sunshine by using the CFD analysis software. The nature convection and radiation heat transfer from environment to cabin are considered in this simulation. The distribution of transient temperature and velocity at the central and horizontal plane are analyzed respectively. It is shown that the temperature increases by time and there is little temperature difference in the cabin. The highest value is located at the front and both sides cabin after two minutes. The air is essentially stagnant with low velocity and the central compartment has much lower velocity than other regions.
EBD Control Research on Nonuniformity Roads for Electric Vehicles on Energy Regenerative and Feedback Friction Integrated Braking
Authors: Wang Guo Ye , Zhang Lu , Yu Feng Zhu , Zhang Zhong Fu
Published: December 2012

The energy regenerative and feedback friction integrated braking system for electric vehicles is projected, and the integrated system dynamic model is set up. Offer the EBD control strategy on nonuniformity roads based on ABS system. Based on the Matlab/Simulink, establish the dynamic simulation system of integrated braking system and EBD control for the electric vehicles; Based on the Chery A3 car, simulate and analyze the integrated braking system EBD control performances on the condition of driving straight on nonuniformity roads. The study results indicate that the energy regenerative and feedback friction integrated braking system for electric vehicles has good EBD performance, and has high regenerative braking efficiency, braking performance and braking stability.
Chaotic Grenade Explosion Algorithms for Global Numerical Optimization
Authors: Yang Shi Da , Yi Ya Lin , Lu Yan Ping
Published: December 2012

A novel Chaotic Grenade Explosion Algorithm (CGEA) is presented for global optimization. The GEA is a new meta-heuristic optimization developed based on the observation of a grenade explosion, in which the thrown pieces of shrapnel destruct the objects near the explosion location. Here different chaotic maps are utilized to improve solution search equation of the algorithm. Seven different chaotic maps are investigated. Comparing the new algorithm with the GEA demonstrates the superiority of the CGEA for the benchmark functions.
Study on On the Cross-Sectional Shape Change of the Profiled Fiber along the Spinning Path in Melt Spinning
Authors: Wang Yue , Cheng Wu Shan , Wang Ming Hong
Published: December 2012

The cross-sectional shape of profiled fibers has made obvious influence on fibers physical properties. The fiber profiled factor is an index used to estimate the deformation degree of profiled fibers. Based on the equations of melt-spinning dynamics and deformation, a numerical simulation program for calculating the fiber profiled factor along the spinning path was developed. A numerical simulation for calculating the fiber profiled factor along the spinning path of trilobal fibers in the PET melt spinning was performed. The simulation result graph of the fiber profiled factor along the spinning path is close to the final average fiber profiled factor measured in the spinning experiment under the same condition.
Research on NX-Based Progressive Die Design
Authors: Liu Jun , Ji Cong Dong
Published: December 2012

Progressive die has been widely used in product manufacturing field. This paper proposed a NX-based computer server support design method. The equivalent stress, resilience, equivalent strain, attenuation, and forming were analyzed in detail. The key technology of confirming blank dimension and stock layout of server support were explicated clearly.
Shifting Analysis and Simulation of Automated Mechanical Transmission without Separating Clutch
Authors: Zhong Zai Min , Xin Xiang Yan , Kong Guo Ling
Published: December 2012

Traditional vehicles must separate clutch during the shifting process, which will lead to clutch wear. Parallel hybrid electrical vehicles introduce a motor which makes it possible to shift without separating clutch. This paper proposes a control algorithm which combines engine control with motor control to realize shifting control without using clutch based on dynamic analysis for every shifting stage, of which the key technologies are accurate motor torque and speed control to make full use of motor rapid response ability. The simulation result shows this can significantly improve driving comfort, shift transient property and extend service life of clutch.
Study of the Mechanical Properties for an Automotive Part under Squeeze Casting Process
Authors: Suranuntchai Surasak , Kittikhewtraweeserd Ekkachai
Published: December 2012

Squeeze casting is process capable to produce high integrity parts. To minimize gas porosity, melt front’s speed must be kept as minimum as possible to ensure the laminar flow pattern with adequate flow rate to be able to fill the cavity before liquid metal is solidified. In this study, the indirect squeeze casting process was adopted to cast a motorcycle’s component originally produced by a high pressure die casting (HPDC) process. Based on shape and dimension of the parts to get the real castings for the mass production, melt’s speed must be higher than the level reported by the literatures (around 1 m/sec). As a result, a fully laminar flow may not be achievable. This is confirmed by the primary study of the process parameters and tooling design using the casting process simulation. Castings from two processes were casted and then mechanically and micro-structurally compared for both as cast and heat treated conditions. Results from the experiment have shown that size of gas porosity found in squeeze casts reduced significantly, while gain size of the squeeze casts trended to be bigger than that of HPDC casts. In terms of the mechanical properties, the ultimate tensile strength of as cast from both processes was not significantly different, while the heat treated squeeze casts has shown the big improvement compared with the as casts.
Numerical Simulation on Rolling Process of Medium Plate
Authors: Hu Lan Wei , Jin Xia , Shi Lei , Li Sheng Zhi
Published: December 2012

A 3-D thermal-mechanical model was built to simulate the hot rolling process of medium plate, with the aid of nonlinear commercial FE code MSC.SuperForm on a company's actual process parameters. The hot rolling process of single-pass which slab thickness is 180mm was simulated, and the influence of pass reduction on metal flow, stress-strain field, contact stress and rolling force were researched. The study revealed that pass reduction should be at least 20% by increase depress in pass in addition to rolling efficiency. As that, rolling efficiency be increased, roll contact stress be brought down, and its service life be prolonged. And metal plastic strain enhanced, metal flow increased, but its strain field non-uniformly distributed, metal flow and plastic deformation would be strengthen by increase pass reduction, and the lateral broadening in the head is bigger than that in the tail.
Numerical Simulation of Stamping Forming for an Automobile Reinforced Plate Based on Orthogonal Test
Authors: Wang Ming Wei , Chen Long , Zhao Xiu Jun , Li Shu
Published: December 2012

The effects of stamping process parameters (blank thickness, blank holder force, friction coefficient, die clearance) on the formability of an automobile reinforced plate were investigated. The process parameters are optimized based on the results of orthogonal testing. The optimal process parameters were obtained by simulation result analysis of variance. The accuracy of numerical simulation is verified by the experiment, which provides guidance for the actual production.
Design of Die-Casting Die with Double-Stage Linkage Hydraulic Core-Pulling Mechanism
Authors: Lin Hong Qi , Ma Shi Bang
Published: December 2012

The die-casting die of end cover of one diesel engine was designed. A double-stage linkage hydraulic core-pulling mechanism was designed and used in the die-casting die according to the complex structural features of the end cover casting. This double-stage linkage hydraulic core-pulling mechanism could achieve secondary core-pulling and decompose the packaging force. The disadvantages of deformation, crack, abruption in orifice or thin-walled parts of the casting could be overcome. The practice shows that the structure of die-casting die of end cover of diesel engine is reasonable, reliable, and applicable.
Finite Element Analysis on Flanging Forming of Car Spoke Parts
Authors: Qiu Xiao Gang
Published: December 2012

To improve the production quality of mini-car spoke components, the forming process of mini-car spoke components is numerically simulated by DYNAFORM, and the geometry models of punch, die, blank holder and sheet metal are established, the effect of round-hole flange coefficient, material parameters and forming craft on flanging forming is evaluated by simulation computation method, and the suggestions for improvement are discussed. The results indicates that the increase in material yield strength has a great influence on flanging cracking; and through improving flanging process, the cracking defects of round-hole flanging in the spoke components can be controlled, the cracking rate reduces to 0.1 ‰, and the better product quality can be obtained.
ANSYS Application in Cutting Stiffness Analysis of a Gearbox’s Back Case
Authors: Wang Yuan
Published: December 2012

For the stiffness of the cutting face is nonuniform, the evenness of the machining face may not be ensured during a gearbox back shell’s cutting process. By reasonably simplifying the machining process, a cutting stiffness contrast analysis of three design schemes is performed in this paper, and then improvement advice is brought forward to the design engineer. The paper has some engineering value and can be used for reference in similar analysis.
Study on Drill-Through Determination in Vibration Drilling Based on Axial Force
Authors: Yang Run Ze , Shi Hua Feng
Published: December 2012

In order to stop the drill feeding accurately once the workpiece is drilled through, the Key issues of determination are analyzed. Then a determining method based on axial force is presented. The axial force is smoothed and monitored online to determine the drill-out period and drill-through point. Finally, experiments are carried on and the results demonstrate that this method can stop the drill feeding accurately with an accuracy of 0.04mm once the workpiece is drilled through in vibration drilling.
Simulation and Experimental Study on Size Effect in Steel Micro Milling Machining Process
Authors: Zhou Chun Jiang , Liu Jian Cheng
Published: December 2012

Size effect is a critical factor that needs to be considered when conducting micro mechanical machining processes. In this paper, a cutting process simulation technology is used to simulate a single tooth’s engagement with workpiece from the entry point to the exit point in a slot milling operation. The obtained specific cutting forces from simulation are employed to analyze the size effect and the minimum chip thickness with variable radii of tool edges. Micro machining experiments with different machining conditions are implemented by use of a high speed and high precision machining spindle to investigate the size effect on machined surface integrity and burr width. The optimal cutting parameters have been analyzed based on the simulation and cutting test results.
Preparation, Characterization of N-Ti-MCM-22 Molecular Sieve and its Photocatalytic Properties
Authors: Cheng Yue , Su Xiao Yuan
Published: December 2012

Nanocrystalline N-doped and Ti-containing MCM-22 catalyst was synthesized by the static hydrothermal method, using sodium azide as nitrogen source for doping, and tetra-n-butyl titanate [Ti(OC4H9)4] as precursors of TiO2. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy.During liquid phase photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) under high-pressure Hg arc lamp irradiation, the asprepared N-doped Ti-MCM-22 exhibited much higher activity than the undoped Ti-MCM-22, attributed to the effect of nitrogen dopant.
Process Analysis of the Electric Arc Furnace Melting for Alumina Spinel Production
Authors: Qi Guo Chao , Shan Feng Jun , Li Qiang , Yu Jing Yuan
Published: December 2012

Alumina spinel is widely used as a refractory material in metallurgy industries. Arc furnace melting method is suitable to produce high quality alumina spinel. However, the high melting temperature (> 2200 °C) and high electric energy consumption limit the application of this method. There exists huge opportunity for energy saving through process optimization. A newly designed 2400 kVA electric arc furnace is used as melting facility to produce alumina spinal in this study. It shows from the experiments and analysis that melting voltage has much effect on electric power input and electric efficiency. At voltages higher than 150V, stable electric power input and adequate efficiency can be maintained. Stable melting voltage is difficult to maintain at 100-150V range and power efficiency are also apparently lower. For voltage less than100V, the process is very difficult to control and energy efficiency are very poor. Too high voltage on the other hand can lead the electric arc expose directly to the surroundings and increase the energy loss. In practical melting process, controlling the melting voltage at 140-160V range is suitable for high quality alumina spinel production.
Study on the Residual Stress of LY12 Welded Component
Authors: Xia Feng , Li Jian Ping , Li Gao Hong , Zhu Man
Published: December 2012

In this paper, the distribution law of residual stress normal to the welding joint in LY12 aluminum alloy was measured by the combination use of hole drilling and electrical-measurement method. The experimental results indicated that it was an effective way to measure the residual stress of LY12 aluminum alloy with thickness of 6 mm by applying hole drilling. The distribution of residual stress vertical to welding joint is quite obvious. The residual stress increases as the distance away from the welding joint decreases. The value of the longitudinal residual stress is higher than that of the transverse residual stress. But they are all smaller than the value of ultimate stress in LY12 aluminum alloy. The heat treatment after welding can greatly improve the tensile strength of the weldment.
Applications of Nanostructured Materials as Additives in Space Fluid Lubricants
Authors: Zhang Kai Feng , Zhou Hui , Sang Rui Peng , Wan Zhi Hua , Hu Han Jun
Published: December 2012

With an extended service life expectancy of space crafts, fluid lubricants attracted intense interests of the fields of tribology, due to their long life under EDH conditions, higher thermal conductance, lower frictional and torque noise, and rapid processing compared to the solid lubricants. However, there are still some disadvantages of fluid lubricants, such as finite vapor pressure, narrow range of operating temperature, degradation of some oils, viscosity temperature-dependence and so on. So far, there have existed some space fluid lubricants, such as PFPE, MAC, PAO and mineral oil based lubricants. It seems that there will be a challenge for a new type of fluid lubricants to come out without any limits above. Recent arisen nanostructured materials assisted in improvement of the research of space fluid lubricants, and the results indicated that some nanostructured materials exactly promoted the tribological properties of fluid lubricants. This paper reviewed recent development of nanostructured materials as additives in space fluid lubricants.
Stress Calculation for Large Storage Oil Tanks' Shells Based on the Theory of Short Cylindrical Shell
Authors: Li Yu Kun , Sun Wen Hong , Duan Guan , Liang Jun Hui
Published: December 2012

This article adopts Krylov’s functions, getting a general solution of deflection differential equation of short cylindrical shell. Due to the general solution and continuity and smoothness conditions of shell’s deflection, detailed calculating formulas about deformation and stress of large diameter cylindrical shells with cross-section are obtained, whose solving process is realized by programming. Taking a running tank for example, the method deduced in this article calculates its deformation and stress. Compared with the FE (finite element) calculation results and the test data, this method calculates tank wall's stress and deformation accurately, which can be used to check the thickness of tank shell.
The Analysis of the Deformation and Contact Lubrication Problem of HPD Diesel Engine Connecting Rod Bearings Based on the FFT Method and Flexibility Matrix Method
Authors: Zhang Jun Yan , Zhang Su Fen , Zhang You Wei
Published: December 2012

Based on the fast fourier transform (FFT) and flexibility matrix method, the effects of the FFT and flexibility matrix method on the distribution of oil film pressure, elastic deformation in the steady load and the journal center orbit of the connecting rod big-end bearings in the dynamic load are investigated. The results are shown that when the eccentricity ratio is more than 1, the maximum oil film pressure obtained by FFT method is bigger on both ends of the journal bearing and on its intermediate position is smaller. To the connecting rod big-end bearing, under the dynamic load condition, there is the same trend of the journal center orbit with two methods. However, with FFT method, the journal is largely deviated from bearing center.
Analysis of Motion Process of Incompact Landslip-Collapse Soil
Authors: Yi Xiao Qin , Zeng Qing Hai , Liang Ying
Published: December 2012

Simulating motion process of incompact landslip-collapse soil. Monitoring evolution process of average contact force and unbalance force when which are moving. Simulation results indicate that: Process of its motion manifest the macro space position changes, as well as, are the change process about contact stress, unbalance force within the inter particle and single particle movement mechanics etc. Average contact force reflects close degree between particles, fluctuation extent of microscopic parameter and levels of interaction between particles. Microscopic parameters of movement process can be used in the theoretic modeling analysis of complex movement of the incompact soil.
Predicting Fatigue Crack Initiation Life of Plate-Like Component by Coupied Variational Principle
Authors: Tan Wen Feng
Published: December 2012

Using coupied variational principle, predicting fatigue crack initiation life of plane stress state plate-like component which leads to large range damage is analysed. The closed form solution about predicting fatigue crack initiation life of plane stress state plate-like component which leads to large range damage is derived. The method adopted in this paper is definite in mechanical concept，it can be widely used in analysis of predicting fatigue crack initiation life of various plate-like component which leads to large range damage. A new thinking and new method is provided for predicting crack initiation life of plate-like component.
Research on the Wear Morphologies of NBR/FKM Blend under Dry Friction
Authors: Nie Rui , Wang Shi Jie , Lv Xiao Ren , Zhang Yu Zeng , Zhan Rui
Published: December 2012

At the beginning stage of the progressing cavity pump (PCP) operation or working in the oil well with high gas content, the stator and rotor of PCP usually operate under dry sliding. Analyzing the wear morphology of stator rubber and discussing wear mechanism are very important for choosing the best stator rubber for different working conditions, which is directly related to the service life of PCP. Wear behavior of NBR/FKM blend rubber (10:0、3:7、7:3、8:2、0:10) was investigated at room temperature using a MPV-600 ring-on-block tester under dry sliding. The wear morphology of blend was analyzed through the stereomicroscope and the wear mechanism was also discussed. The results show that different blend own different wear mechanism. The wear mechanism of NBR/FKM=8:2 blend rubber is fatigue wear, which is better than the others under dry friction.
Lightweight Analysis of Automotive Anti-Collision Materials Based on Equal Energy Absorption Strategy
Authors: Wang Chuan Qing , Zhuang Wei Min , Chen Yan Hong
Published: December 2012

A new method is proposed to determine the maximum energy that absorbed by axial pressured thin wall tube. Three typical collision speeds are selected, which are low speed at 30km/h, medium speed at 60km/h and high speed at 90km/h. This paper also calculates the strain rates under different automotive collision conditions. Finite element software ABAQUS was used to investigate the effect of lightweight when circular thin wall tubes with different materials absorbing maximum and equal energy. The materials for thin wall tubes are high-strength steel, aluminum alloy and plain steel. The effect of lightweight of different material tubes in low strain rate, medium strain rate, and high strain rate can be obtained using the equal energy absorption strategy. The weight that reduced by high-strength steel tube and aluminum alloy tube is higher than that of plain steel tube, at all three strain rates.
Validation of a Phenomenological Lifetime Estimation Method with Biaxial Experiments at High Temperature
Authors: Cui Lu , Wang Peng
Published: December 2012

Modern 9-12%Cr steels are widely used for steam turbine components. For the design optimization and lifetime estimation of steam turbines, it is very important to investigate and describe the deformation as well as crack initiation behavior at critical location of steam turbine components under multiaxial service-type loading conditions. In this paper a phenomenological lifetime estimation method was validated by multiaxial loading. The applicability and reliability of this lifetime estimation model was confirmed by a recalculation of biaxial creep fatigue tests performed on cruciform specimens of rotor steel X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1 successfully.
Research of Comparison Circular Interpolation on WINCE
Authors: Chen Tao
Published: December 2012

Up to now lots of CNC system used traditional DOS to realize real time control by hardware interrupt programming. To make computer numerical control system flexible and open can meet requirements of higher real-time. This paper used ARM9 processor S3C2410A with the RISC system of SAMSUNG Company, and realized precise interpolation of NC interpolation by the way of software on EVC platform with the aid of WinCE OS. Coupled with the motor drive module, it can achieve a simple NC function of four quadrant arc interpolation will be realized by programming used by point-by-point comparison method.
Structure-Property Correlation of Composites Impregnated with Aspartimide Oligomer
Authors: Ma Peng Chang , Liu Hong Bo
Published: December 2012

Carbon fiber and glass fiber composites impregnated with aspartimide oligomer were fabricated and their structure-property correlation was studied. Experimental results reveal that with increasing chain length of aspartimide oligomer, mechanical properties of composites increase, but thermal properties decrease. With decreasing chain length, storage modulus and loss tan delta peak temperature of composite increase as a consequence of increased rigidity of matrix polymer resin resulted from crosslink density increase, concurrently, loss modulus and tan delta value of composites undergo a decrease.
Effects of Normalizing and Tempering Temperature on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Low Alloy Wear Resistant Steel Casting
Authors: Hu Zhi Jun , Yang Yi Tao
Published: December 2012

Influences of normalizing and tempering temperature on mechanical properties and microstructure of steel casting were investigated in this paper. The results showed that as the normalizing temperature increased, tensile strength increased, while tensile stretch increased slowly at first and decreased at last. Steel casting got best comprehensive mechanical properties after a 970°C normalizing treatment. Normalized at 970°C and tempered at the rage of 500 °C and 550°C, steel casting got best comprehensive mechanical properties. The relation between mechanical properties and temperature was gotten using Matlab Software. The microstructure was ferrite and pearlite after normalizing, and tempered sorbite after high tempering.