bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Loss of CLN5 causes altered neurogenesis in a childhood neurodegenerative disorder
Authors: Savchenko E. , Singh Y. , Konttinen H. , Lejavova K. , Mediavilla Santos L. , Grubman A. , Kärkkäinen V. , Keksa-Goldsteine V. , Naumenko N. , Tavi P. , White A. R. , Malm T. M. , Koistinaho J. , Kanninen K. M.
Published: July 2017

Neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) generate new neurons in the brain throughout the lifetime in an intricate process called neurogenesis. Neurogenic alterations are a common feature of several adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases. The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are the most common group of inherited neurodegenerative diseases that mainly affect children. Pathological features of the NCLs include accumulation of lysosomal storage material, neuroinflammation, and neuronal degeneration, yet the exact cause of this group of diseases remains poorly understood. The function of the CLN5 protein, causative of the CLN5 disease form of NCL, is unknown. In the present study, we sought to examine neurogenesis in the neurodegenerative disorder caused by loss of Cln5. Our findings demonstrate a novel, critical role for CLN5 in neurogenesis. We report for the first time that neurogenesis is increased in Cln5-deficient mice, which model the childhood neurodegenerative disorder caused by loss of Cln5. Our results demonstrate that in Cln5 deficiency, proliferation of NPCs is increased, NPC migration is reduced, and NPC differentiation towards the neuronal lineage is increased concomitantly with functional alterations in the NPCs. Moreover, the observed impairment in neurogenesis is correlated with increased expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. A full understanding of the pathological mechanisms that lead to disease and the function of the NCL proteins are critical for designing effective therapeutic approaches for this devastating neurodegenerative disorder.
Lipidomic profiling of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells
Authors: Kiamehr Mostafa , Viiri Leena E. , Vihervaara Terhi , Koistinen Kaisa M. , Hilvo Mika , Ekroos Kim , Käkelä Reijo , Aalto-Setälä Katriina
Published: July 2017

Hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer an alternative model for primary human hepatocytes to study lipid aberrations. However, the detailed lipid profile of HLCs is yet unknown. In the current study, functional HLCs were differentiated from iPSCs generated from dermal fibroblasts of three individuals by a 3-step protocol through definitive endoderm (DE) stage. In parallel, detailed lipidomic analyses as well as gene expression profiling of a set of lipid metabolism-related genes were performed during the entire differentiation process from iPSC to HLCs. Additionally, fatty acid (FA) composition of the cell culture media at different stages was determined. Our results show that major alterations in the molecular species of lipids occurring during DE and early hepatic differentiation stages mainly mirror the quality and quantity of the FAs supplied in culture medium at each stage. Polyunsaturated phospholipids and sphingolipids with a very-long FA were produced in the cells at later stage of differentiation. This work uncovers previously unknown lipid composition of iPSC-HLCs and its alterations during the differentiation in conjunction with the expression of key lipid associated genes. Together with biochemical, functional and gene expression measurements the lipidomic analyses allowed us to improve our understanding of the concerted influence of the exogenous metabolite supply and cellular biosynthesis essential for iPSC-HLCs differentiation and function. Importantly, the study describes in detail a cell model that can be applied in exploring e.g. the lipid metabolism involved in the development of fatty liver disease or atherosclerosis.
Skull Base Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions: A Pictorial Review
Authors: Kunimatsu Akira , Kunimatsu Natsuko
Published: July 2017

A number of tumors and tumor-like non-neoplastic lesions with different cell types on histology occur in the skull base. A wide variety in disease and lesion appearance often complicates the process of radiological diagnosis. The main role of radiographic imaging is the detection and characterization of skull base lesions, with evaluation of the extent of invasion or preservation of adjacent critical organs. Evaluation of the skull base anatomy and surgical planning by using image guidance are also important for surgeons. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging are the preferred modalities for the evaluation of skull base lesions. CT and MR are used for lesion detection, tissue characterization and assessment of neurovascular and bone involvement by the lesions. Both modalities provide useful information, one sometimes of greater value than the other. T1-weighted MR imaging is useful in detecting skull base lesions, typically surrounded by abundant fatty bone marrow. T2-weighted MR imaging is generally useful for tumor tissue characterization. CT surpasses MR imaging in evaluating intratumoral calcification and bone destruction or hyperostosis. To date, imaging features have been well-reported in individual skull base tumors; however, correct diagnosis by imaging alone still presents a challenge. Knowledge of clinical issues and awareness of variants of skull base tumors are of help in making a diagnosis. The purpose of this article is to review pertinent clinical issues, typical imaging appearances and certain imaging variations of common skull base lesions.
A Rare Case of Adult Rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Sparreboom Benjamin , Litton Brendan , Yaxley Julian
Published: July 2017

Background: Rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare, soft tissue malignancy, diagnosed particularly in adults. It commonly metastasizes to the bone marrow. We present a rare case of an adult rhabdomyosarcoma which illustrates the importance of magnetic resonance imaging in identifying early changes in the internal bone structure.

Case Report: A 50-year-old male presented with acute urinary retention. The patient initially had a CT scan of the lumbar spine which only revealed a protrusion of the L5–S1 intervertebral disc and no apparent cause for the patient’s symptoms. One week later, an MRI was performed which showed extensive bone marrow metastases throughout the lumbar spine and a soft tissue mass in the lower sacral region. The bony metastases were not evident on the CT scan and the soft tissue mass was out of the coverage area of the CT. Subsequent biopsy of the soft tissue mass was performed and histopathology concluded the tissue to be a rhabdomyosarcoma. Unfortunately, the patient died one week after diagnosis.

Conclusions: Although adult rhabdomyosarcomas are very rare, this case highlights the advantage of MRI over CT in identifying early changes in the internal bone structure. Therefore, CT should not be relied upon to exclude bony metastases, particularly in the setting of primary cancer with a known tendency to metastasize to the bone marrow.
Η Ασφαλιστική Μεταρρύθμιση και η Ιδιωτική Ασφάλιση στις Απόψεις της Κοινής Γνώμης: Πολυμεταβλητή Ανάλυση
Authors: Τήνιος Πλάτων , Πουπάκης Σταύρος
Published: July 2017

Στην στρατηγική προσαρμογής αναπτυγμένων χωρών στη γήρανση του πληθυσμού κρίσιμο ρόλο παίζει το σύστημα πολλαπλών πυλώνων, δηλαδή η πλαισίωση των δημοσίων συντάξεων με συμπληρωματικό μη-κρατικό σύστημα. Κρίσιμο για τις προοπτικές μιας τέτοιας στρατηγικής είναι αν η κοινή αντιλαμβάνεται τις σχέσεις μεταξύ των πυλώνων ως συμπληρωματικές ή συμπληρωματικές. Σε μια προσπάθεια να διερευνηθούν οι στάσεις της κοινής γνώμης στην Ελλάδα, διενεργήθηκε πανελλαδική έρευνα γνώμης σε μια περίοδο μακριά από την γενικευμένη συζήτηση για το ασφαλιστικό (Μάιος 2009). Η παρούσα ανάλυση εξετάζει,  αξιοποιώντας τεχνικές πολυμεταβλητής ανάλυσης, τις επιπτώσεις στις απόψεις των ερωτωμένων διάφορων κοινωνικο-οικονομικών χαρακτηριστικών, της γενικότερης αντίληψης επί του ασφαλιστικού και της διαλλακτικότητας τους απέναντι σε αλλαγές. Στόχος η εξαγωγή συμπερασμάτων το κατά πόσο η κοινή γνώμη αντιλαμβάνεται την ιδιωτική ασφάλιση ως έναν τρίτο πυλώνα της ασφάλισης, ή ως ανταγωνιστική λύση.
Financial Accounting
Authors: Gyetman Viktor , Rozhnova Olga , Grishkina Svyetlana , SHnyeydman Lyeonid , Sidnyeva Vyera , Dombrovskaya YElyena , Alekseeva Gul'nara , Babayeva Zinaida , Gusyeva Tatyana , Kyerimov Vagif , Efremova Evgeniya , Myelnikova Lyubov , Muravitskaya Natalya , Korchinskaya Galina , Nyesyelovskaya Tamara , Novikova Natal'ya , Safonova Irina , SHyeina Tamara , Scherbinina Yuliya
Published: July 2017

The sixth edition of the textbook was prepared by a team of teachers of the FSBU VO "Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation" for university students studying in the field of preparation "Economics." The textbook contains all the program questions on the academic discipline "Financial Accounting". The presentation is based on the current legislative and regulatory framework of the Russian Federation, taking into account the requirements of international financial reporting standards. The material of the publication includes a large number of examples, diagrams and for each topic contains test questions and test tasks. It meets the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education of the latest generation. For university students enrolled in the direction of "Economics" (qualification "Bachelor"), students of centers and advanced training courses. Can be used by accountants, economists and managers of organizations.
The Concept of Pride: Actualization In Fiction
Authors: Полонская О. , Polonskaya O.
Published: July 2017

The article analyzes the actualization of linguistic signs with the semantics of pride in the literary works of English authors, which reflects the traditional ethical interpretation of emotional-ethical concept of Pride. The relevance of the undertaken research is due to the scientific interest for the study of the universal semantic constants, accumulating knowledge about the human inner world, and their language representation. The essence of human being directly correlates with the nature of language and is reflected in linguistic and cultural phenomena, characterized by semantic richness, sociocultural and discursive variability. Semantic constant Pride also is one of the human inner world semiosphere components. The phenomenon of pride is anthropocentric, covers the moral and ethical sphere, so the study of it as a cognitive - semiotic and axiological phenomenon seems to be promising.
Underlying problems for Hugo's language delay?
Authors: Miller Hilda
Published: July 2017

Hilda Miller advises on how to address concerns about a three-year-old boy who appears to have language delay. She suggests practical ways to support both the little boy and his understandably anxious mother.
Beautiful balloons
Authors: Hewson Claire
Published: July 2017

All children love balloons and the more colourful the better. Claire Hewson suggests ways to use them for scientific exploration – including using a balloon to make an easy do-it-yourself hovercraft.
Bonjour les enfants!
Authors: Harries Judith
Published: July 2017

Judith Harries kicks off a new series on foreign language learning, with the spotlight on French. Introduce words through music making and song, and use fun imitation games for speaking.
Inverses of bicyclic graphs
Authors: PANDA SWARUP
Published: July 2017

A graph G is said to be nonsingular (resp., singular) if its adjacency matrix A(G) is nonsingular (resp., singular). The inverse of a nonsingular graph G is the unique weighted graph whose adjacency matrix is similar to the inverse of the adjacency matrix A(G) via a diagonal matrix of Â±1s. Consider connected bipartite graphs with unique perfect matchings such that the graph obtained by contracting all matching edges is also bipartite. In [C.D. Godsil. Inverses of trees. Combinatorica, 5(1):33â39, 1985.], Godsil proved that such graphs are invertible. He posed the question of characterizing the bipartite graphs with unique perfect matchings possessing inverses. In this article, Godsilâs question for the class of bicyclic graphs is answered.
PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DOS CASOS DE HANSENÍASE DE UMA UNIDADE DE SAÚDE
Authors: Melo Joice Preira de , Moraes Marilúcia Mota de , Santos Nadja Romeiro dos , Santos Tatiane da Silva
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico de casos confirmados de hanseníase em uma unidade de referencia de Maceió-AL, no período de 2010 a 2014. Método: Estudo do tipo descritivo, bibliográfico e retrospectivo de abordagem quantitativa onde analisou-se os dados secundário proveniente do Sistema deInformação de Agravos de Notificação – SINAN dos casos confirmados de hanseníase, no período compreendido entre 2010 a 2014, totalizando um quantitativo de 93 casos confirmados de hanseníase. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente e a apresentação foi feita com números absolutos e percentuaisem forma de tabelas e gráficos. Resultados: Observou-se a concentração de casos na faixa etária entre 16 a 55 anos; gênero feminino (48); cor/raça parda (55); nível de escolaridade com concentração no ensino fundamental completo e ensino médio completo (21-26 respectivamente). O número de casos com formas clínicas multibacilares era 49, revelando o diagnóstico realizado tardiamente e mantendo a transmissão da doença. Conclusão: A compreensão do perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes com hanseníase é de fundamental importância para a construção de estratégias direcionadas para esse grupo,buscando políticas públicas que atendam as necessidades dos profissionais da saúde e fortaleçam as atividades de prevenção de agravos e promoção da saúde da população.
CONDIÇÃO BUCAL DE PUÉRPERAS ATENDIDAS EM UM HOSPITAL PÚBLICO NO MUNICÍPIO DE FEIRA DE SANTANA, BAHIA, BRASIL
Authors: Trindade Soraya Castro , Souza Nátila Cibele Araújo de , Cruz Simone Seixas da , Soares Johelle de Santana Passos , Pereira Eliesita Costa , Campos Gabriela Sampaio , Barreto Juliana Albuquerque R. , Cerqueira Denise de Oliveira , Alves Cláudia Maria Coelho , Lopes Fernanda Ferreira , Hintz Alexandre Marcelo , Gomes Filho Isaac Suzart
Published: July 2017

A gestação é um período marcado por modificações que podem refletir em alterações na cavidade bucal. Objetivo: descrever a condição bucal de puérperas examinadas no Hospital da Mulher em Feira de Santana, no período de 2010 a 2012. Materiais e Métodos: foi realizado um estudo transversal descritivo dacondição bucal de puérperas utilizando o banco de dados do projeto “Geravida” desenvolvido pelo Núcleo de Pesquisa, Prática Integrada e Investigação Multidisciplinar (NUPPIIM). A condição bucal das puérperas foi avaliada por meio de exame bucal para o diagnóstico de cárie e de doenças periodontais. Foramobtidas informações sobre as características sociodemográficas, saúde, estilo de vida e cuidado com a saúde bucal por meio de entrevista. Foi realizada uma análise descritiva das variáveis, obtendo-se a frequência simples para os dados dicotômicos e medidas de tendência central e dispersão para os dadosintervalares. Resultados: A população de estudo foi constituída por 372 puérperas com média de idade de 23,87± 6,67 anos, 71,97% não teve acesso a consulta com um cirurgião dentista durante a gestação e apenas 18,33% receberam orientação do dentista sobre saúde bucal, somente 1,35% das puérperas não realizaram pré-natal. A média do CPOD encontrada foi de 5,70± 5,14, com mediana de 5,00 [IQ:1,00-9,00]. Quanto à condição periodontal, das 371 examinadas (um dado perdido), 9,16% tiveram diagnóstico positivo para periodontite; dentre as 337 sem periodontite, 9,79% tiveram diagnóstico positivo para gengivite. Conclusão: as puérperas estão saudáveis, com baixoíndice de CPOD e doenças periodontais. Contudo é necessária uma maior divulgação sobre o pré-natal odontológico.
DURAÇÃO DO PERCURSO PRÉ-HOSPITALAR DE VÍTIMAS DE ACIDENTE VASCULAR ENCEFÁLICO EM UM SERVIÇO DE EMERGÊNCIA DA REDE SUS - BAHIA
Authors: Farias Carolina de Azevêdo , Paranhos Daniel Rocha , Maldonado Igor Lima
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: Verificar o tempo decorrido na fase pré-hospitalar do atendimento do AVE isquêmico. Metodologia: Estudo transversal retrospectivo e observacional. A amostra foi composta por pacientes atendidos em urgência em uma unidade do SUSBA em 2011 e 2013. Resultados: Um aumento significativo na proporção de vítimas adimitidas nas primeiras 24h após início das manifestações foi observada: de 48% a 58,4% (p=0,022), e uma tendência não-significativa ao aumento no número de admissões na janela terapêutica de 4h30min. Houve ainda crescimento do número total de adultos atendidos por manifestações suspeitas de AVE: de 1095 para 1230. Conclusão: Uma maior proporção das vítimas chega à emergência em até 24h. Grande parte dos candidatos à trombólise parece ser perdida no percurso pré- hospitalar. Houve acréscimo no número de atendimentos por AVE em fase aguda estimado em aproximadamente 12%, o que pode ter sido intensificado pelo fato de se tratar de uma unidade recentemente implantada.
Phytophthora infestans induced defense response in calli of wild and cultivated potato genotypes: Pathogen induced cell death in cultures - a marker for resistance
Authors: Aruna Kumari N , Anil Veena S , Krishnaprasad B. T.
Published: July 2017

Late Blight caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary is the most destructive foliar disease causing 30% yield losses in the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) crop globally. Wild potato genotypes AC1 and AC4, and potato cultivar Kufri Girdhari are highly resistant, whereas wild genotype AC6, and cultivars Kufri Chandramuki and Kufri Jyoti are susceptible to Late Blight. In the current study, the calli of these six potato genotypes were used to understand the mechanism of cellular resistance to Late Blight. Exposure to P. infestans or its elicitors significantly induced peroxidase (POX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and induced accumulation of phenolics and flavonoids, indicating the capability of the calli cells to mount a defense response. The study is the first to report the extracellular secretion of defense enzymes, SOD and POX when cells encounter the pathogen, implicating a similar whole-plant phenomenon of enhanced defense in the apoplast. Interestingly, the calli of resistant genotypes showed poor survival upon exposure to pathogen or when grown on elicitor medium, while the susceptible genotypes showed better survival. The percentage of calli cells accumulating intracellular H2O2 was high in resistant genotypes, and directly correlated with the observed higher cell death. The study shows that H2O2 accumulation in the cells of resistant genotypes is indeed self-destructive, a whole plant phenomenon termed hypersensitive response - cell death at site of infection. The potato callus system thus can be used to gain new insights into the plant-defense response to P. infestans.
Expanding teachers’ technological pedagogical reasoning with a systems pedagogical approach
Authors: Niess Margaret L. , Gillow-Wiles Henry
Published: July 2017

A systems approach provides insight for expanding teachers’ pedagogical reasoning for integrating multiple technologies in inquiry, communication, and collaboration. An online learning trajectory supports the integration of a systems pedagogical approach for guiding teachers in developing their technological pedagogical thinking and reasoning so they in turn are able to implement a systems pedagogical approach with their own students. Specific instructional strategies guide teachers in refining their mental models for integrating multiple technologies in teaching mathematics through their increasingly complex technological pedagogical understanding as they learn about the technologies and teaching with those technologies. This study focuses on the impact that a system of multiple technologies as pedagogical tools has on teachers’ technological pedagogical reasoning as they integrate multiple technologies in their classrooms. A systems pedagogical understanding is at the core of teachers’ enhancement of their technological pedagogical reasoning, and supports the transformation of their knowledge called technological pedagogical content knowledge.
Do Fast Older Runners Pace Differently From Fast Younger Runners in the “New York City Marathon”?
Authors: Nikolaidis Pantelis T. , Knechtle Beat
Published: July 2017

Nikolaidis, PT and Knechtle, B. Do fast older runners pace differently from fast younger runners in the “New York City Marathon”? J Strength Cond Res 33(12): 3423–3430, 2019—Although pacing strategies in the marathon and generally in endurance running have been well studied with regard to the effects of age group and performance level, little is known for their interaction. Thus, the aim of this was to examine whether fast runners of different age differ for pacing. Finishers (women, n = 117,595; men, n = 180,487) in the “New York City” Marathon between 2006 and 2016 were analyzed in 5-year age groups. To examine the effect of performance, we created performance groups according to quartiles of average race speed (Q1—the fastest, Q2, Q3, and Q4—the slowest). A large main effect of split on race speed was observed in women and men with the fastest speed in the 5–10-km split and the slowest in the 35–40-km. Compared with the other performance groups, the slowest group had the largest percentage decrease in speed at 5, 10, 15, and 20 km but the largest percentage increase in speed at 35 and 40 km. The fastest group had the least decrease during the race and the least increase at 40 km. A trivial split × age group interaction on race speed was observed for all performance groups in both sexes. This interaction was more pronounced in Q4. Based on these findings, coaches should advise their slow master runners to adopt age-tailored pacing strategy, whereas their fast master runners should adopt similar pacing as the younger fast runners.
Relationships Between Countermovement Jump Ground Reaction Forces and Jump Height, Reactive Strength Index, and Jump Time
Authors: Barker Leland A. , Harry John R. , Mercer John A.
Published: July 2017

Barker, LA, Harry, JR, and Mercer, JA. Relationships between countermovement jump ground reaction forces and jump height, reactive strength index, and jump time. J Strength Cond Res 32(1): 248–254, 2018—The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between ground reaction force (GRF) variables to jump height, jump time, and the reactive strength index (RSI). Twenty-six, Division-I, male, soccer players performed 3 maximum effort countermovement jumps (CMJs) on a dual-force platform system that measured 3-dimensional kinetic data. The trial producing peak jump height was used for analysis. Vertical GRF (Fz) variables were divided into unloading, eccentric, amortization, and concentric phases and correlated with jump height, RSI (RSI = jump height/jump time), and jump time (from start to takeoff). Significant correlations were observed between jump height and RSI, concentric kinetic energy, peak power, concentric work, and concentric displacement. Significant correlations were observed between RSI and jump time, peak power, unload Fz, eccentric work, eccentric rate of force development (RFD), amortization Fz, amortization time, second Fz peak, average concentric Fz, and concentric displacement. Significant correlations were observed between jump time and unload Fz, eccentric work, eccentric RFD, amortization Fz, amortization time, average concentric Fz, and concentric work. In conclusion, jump height correlated with variables derived from the concentric phase only (work, power, and displacement), whereas Fz variables from the unloading, eccentric, amortization, and concentric phases correlated highly with RSI and jump time. These observations demonstrate the importance of countermovement Fz characteristics for time-sensitive CMJ performance measures. Researchers and practitioners should include RSI and jump time with jump height to improve their assessment of jump performance.
Technique, Variation, and Progression of the Rear-Foot-Elevated Split Squat
Authors: McCurdy Kevin
Published: July 2017

THE REAR-FOOT-ELEVATED SPLIT SQUAT IS A MULTIJOINT EXERCISE USED TO TRAIN THE LOWER EXTREMITY MUSCULATURE IN ALL PLANES. THE BENEFITS INCLUDE PREVENTION OF LOWER EXTREMITY INJURY, IMPROVED GAIT AND SPORT PERFORMANCE, AND INCREASED MUSCLE SIZE AND STRENGTH. WITH AN ANTERIOR-POSTERIOR STANCE, THE EXERCISE IS PERFORMED PRIMARILY UNILATERALLY.
A Conversation with the Hon Justice Gregory Garde AO RFD
Authors: Bujnowski Robery , Cook-Tonkin Hannah , Kordos Niko , O'Brien Kieran , Campbell Simon
Published: July 2017

Interview with the President of the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal conducted on 1 September 2016 at the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal in Melbourne.
Beyond the Status Quo: A Role for Beta Oscillations in Endogenous Content (Re)Activation
Authors: Spitzer Bernhard , Haegens Saskia
Published: July 2017

Among the rhythms of the brain, oscillations in the beta frequency range (∼13–30 Hz) have been considered the most enigmatic. Traditionally associated with sensorimotor functions, beta oscillations have recently become more broadly implicated in top-down processing, long-range communication, and preservation of the current brain state. Here, we extend and refine these views based on accumulating new findings of content-specific beta-synchronization during endogenous information processing in working memory (WM) and decision making. We characterize such content-specific beta activity as short-lived, flexible network dynamics supporting the endogenous (re)activation of cortical representations. Specifically, we suggest that beta-mediated ensemble formation within and between cortical areas may awake, rather than merely preserve, an endogenous cognitive set in the service of current task demands. This proposal accommodates key aspects of content-specific beta modulations in monkeys and humans, integrates with timely computational models, and outlines a functional role for beta that fits its transient temporal characteristics.
Bone morphogenetic proteins, breast cancer, and bone metastases: striking the right balance
Authors: Zabkiewicz Catherine , Resaul Jeyna , Hargest Rachel , Jiang Wen Guo , Ye Lin
Published: July 2017

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) belong to the TGF-β super family, and are essential for the regulation of foetal development, tissue differentiation and homeostasis and a multitude of cellular functions. Naturally, this has led to the exploration of aberrance in this highly regulated system as a key factor in tumourigenesis. Originally identified for their role in osteogenesis and bone turnover, attention has been turned to the potential role of BMPs in tumour metastases to, and progression within, the bone niche. This is particularly pertinent to breast cancer, which commonly metastasises to bone, and in which studies have revealed aberrations of both BMP expression and signalling, which correlate clinically with breast cancer progression. Ultimately a BMP profile could provide new prognostic disease markers. As the evidence suggests a role for BMPs in regulating breast tumour cellular function, in particular interactions with tumour stroma and the bone metastatic microenvironment, there may be novel therapeutic potential in targeting BMP signalling in breast cancer. This review provides an update on the current knowledge of BMP abnormalities and their implication in the development and progression of breast cancer, particularly in the disease-specific bone metastasis.
Acromegaly at diagnosis in 3173 patients from the Liège Acromegaly Survey (LAS) Database
Authors: Petrossians Patrick , Daly Adrian F , Natchev Emil , Maione Luigi , Blijdorp Karin , Sahnoun-Fathallah Mona , Auriemma Renata , Diallo Alpha M , Hulting Anna-Lena , Ferone Diego , Hana Vaclav , Filipponi Silvia , Sievers Caroline , Nogueira Claudia , Fajardo-Montañana Carmen , Carvalho Davide , Hana Vaclav , Stalla Günter K , Jaffrain-Réa Marie-Lise , Delemer Brigitte , Colao Annamaria , Brue Thierry , Neggers Sebastian J C M M , Zacharieva Sabina , Chanson Philippe , Beckers Albert
Published: July 2017

Acromegaly is a rare disorder caused by chronic growth hormone (GH) hypersecretion. While diagnostic and therapeutic methods have advanced, little information exists on trends in acromegaly characteristics over time. The Liège Acromegaly Survey (LAS) Database, a relational database, is designed to assess the profile of acromegaly patients at diagnosis and during long-term follow-up at multiple treatment centers. The following results were obtained at diagnosis. The study population consisted of 3173 acromegaly patients from ten countries; 54.5% were female. Males were significantly younger at diagnosis than females (43.5 vs 46.4 years; P < 0.001). The median delay from first symptoms to diagnosis was 2 years longer in females (P = 0.015). Ages at diagnosis and first symptoms increased significantly over time (P < 0.001). Tumors were larger in males than females (P < 0.001); tumor size and invasion were inversely related to patient age (P < 0.001). Random GH at diagnosis correlated with nadir GH levels during OGTT (P < 0.001). GH was inversely related to age in both sexes (P < 0.001). Diabetes mellitus was present in 27.5%, hypertension in 28.8%, sleep apnea syndrome in 25.5% and cardiac hypertrophy in 15.5%. Serious cardiovascular outcomes like stroke, heart failure and myocardial infarction were present in <5% at diagnosis. Erythrocyte levels were increased and correlated with IGF-1 values. Thyroid nodules were frequent (34.0%); 820 patients had colonoscopy at diagnosis and 13% had polyps. Osteoporosis was present at diagnosis in 12.3% and 0.6–4.4% had experienced a fracture. In conclusion, this study of >3100 patients is the largest international acromegaly database and shows clinically relevant trends in the characteristics of acromegaly at diagnosis.
Regulation and action of early growth response 1 in bovine granulosa cells
Authors: Han Peng , Guerrero-Netro Hilda , Estienne Anthony , Cao Binyun , Price Christopher A
Published: July 2017

Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) modify cell proliferation and differentiation through receptor tyrosine kinases, which stimulate the expression of transcription factors including members of the early growth response (EGR) family. In ovarian granulosa cells, most FGFs activate typical response genes, although the role of EGR proteins has not been described. In the present study, we determined the regulation of EGR mRNA by FGFs and explored the role of EGR1 in the regulation of FGF-response genes. Addition of FGF1, FGF2, FGF4 or FGF8b increasedEGR1andEGR3mRNA levels, whereas FGF18 increased onlyEGR1mRNA abundance. No mRNA encodingEGR2orEGR4was detected. Overexpression of EGR1 increasedEGR3mRNA levels as well as the FGF-response genesSPRY2,NR4A1andFOSL1and also increased the phosphorylation of MAPK3/1. Knockdown of EGR3 did not alter the ability of FGF8b to stimulateSPRY2mRNA levels. These data demonstrate the regulation ofEGR1andEGR3mRNA abundance by FGFs in granulosa cells and suggest that EGR1 is likely an upstream component of FGF signaling in granulosa cells.
Genes of cellular components of morphogenesis in porcine oocytes before and after IVM
Authors: Budna Joanna , Bryja Artur , Celichowski Piotr , Kahan Rotem , Kranc Wiesława , Ciesiółka Sylwia , Rybska Marta , Borys Sylwia , Jeseta Michal , Bukowska Dorota , Antosik Paweł , Brüssow Klaus P , Bruska Małgorzata , Nowicki Michał , Zabel Maciej , Kempisty Bartosz
Published: July 2017

Proper oocyte maturation in mammals produces an oocyte capable of monospermic fertilization and embryo preimplantation. The cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs), surrounding an oocyte, play a significant role in oocyte maturation. During this process, when the COCs undergo cumulus expansion wherein tightly compact cumulus cells (CCs) form a dispersed structure, permanent biochemical and molecular modifications occur in the maturing oocytes, indicating that the gene expression between immature and mature oocytes differs significantly. This study focuses on the genes responsible for the cellular components of morphogenesis within the developing oocyte. Brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) was used to determine the developmental capability of porcine oocytes. The immature oocytes (GV stage) were compared with matured oocytes (MII stage), using microarray and qRT-PCR analysis to track changes in the genetic expression profile of transcriptome genes. The data showed substantial upregulation of genes influencing oocyte’s morphology, cellular migration and adhesion, intracellular communication, as well as plasticity of nervous system. Conversely, downregulation involved genes related to microtubule reorganization, regulation of adhesion, proliferation, migration and cell differentiation processes in oocytes. This suggests that most genes recruited in morphogenesis in porcine oocytein vitro,may have cellular maturational capability, since they have a higher level of expression before the oocyte’s matured form. It shows the process of oocyte maturation and developmental capacity is orchestrated by significant cellular modifications during morphogenesis.
Dieta del Cernícalo Americano (Falco sparverius Linnaeus, 1758) en dos hábitats interandinos del norte de Ecuador
Authors: Pozo-Zamora Glenda M. , Aguirre Jonathan , Brito M. Jorge
Published: July 2017

El cernícalo americano es una especie de ave rapaz ampliamente distribuida desde Alaska hasta Tierra de Fuego en Argentina. Su dieta generalista está basada principalmente en invertebrados. En Ecuador existe escasa información biológica de ésta especie, desconociéndose aspectos de alimentación. En el presente trabajo se da a conocer la dieta del cernícalo americano, por medio del análisis de egagrópilas colectadas en dos hábitats ubicados en la región interandina en el norte de Ecuador. Los ítems más representativos para Sangolquí y Tababela fueron los coleópteros (48.4 y 39.5%), seguidos por orthópteros (31.3 y 30.7 %) respectivamente. En términos de biomasa, los mamíferos son los más importantes dentro de la dieta del cernícalo americano con el 40.3% para Sangolquí y el 70.8% en Tababela. El índice de Shannon (H´= 1.894) indica una mediana diversidad de presas, y la amplitud de dieta (0.26) indica que ésta especie presenta una dieta especialista, difiriendo de otros hábitats donde presenta dieta generalista.
Dieta del Suri, Rhea pennata (Orbigny, 1834) (Aves: Rheidae), en ecosistemas altoandinos de Moquegua, Perú
Authors: Echaccaya Marli , Arana César , Salinas Letty
Published: July 2017

Se estudió la dieta del suri Rhea pennata en la región de Moquegua al sur de Perú, mediante el análisis de heces. Esta especie considerada en “Peligro Crítico” en el Perú se mostró como estrictamente herbívora, principalmente folívora. Se identificaron 44 morfoespecies de plantas en su dieta, de las cuales Oxychloe andina (una especie de Juncaceae dominante en bofedales disturbados) presentó los mayores valores relativos de densidad, peso, volumen y frecuencia. A pesar de la aparente selectividad, esta especie presenta una dieta muy diversa que le permitiría adaptarse a las carencias nutricionales en el hábitat que ocupa. Los datos obtenidos en diferentes hábitats que ocupa el Suri, muestran que en zonas más áridas existe la tendencia a una mayor selectividad debido a la presencia de plantas con compuestos secundarios (fenoles, terpenos y alcaloides) para evitar la herbivoría, mientras que en ambientes con bofedales (como el del presente estudio) la selectividad disminuye, tendiendo a alimentarse de las especies dominantes.
Distribución y estado poblacional del lobo de río (Pteronura brasiliensis) en la cuenca del río Madre de Dios, sureste del Perú
Authors: Mendoza Joel Alexander , Huamani Keyly , Sebastián Germán , Ochoa José Antonio
Published: July 2017

Se presenta información del estado poblacional y distribución geográfica del lobo de río (Pteronura brasiliensis) en la región Madre de Dios durante los años 2014 y 2015. La población registrada fue de 128 individuos para ambos años, agrupados en 22 grupos familiares en el año 2014 y 20 grupos en el año 2015. Los sectores con mayores abundancias fueron el Parque Nacional del Manu con 2.2 ind/10 km, seguido del Parque Nacional Bahuaja Sonene con 1.43 ind/10 km. La mayor población de lobo de río fuera de las áreas naturales protegidas (ANP) fue registrada en la cuenca del río Las Piedras con una abundancia de 0.5 ind/10 km, seguido de la cuenca de Los Amigos con 0.43 ind/10 km. Las poblaciones dentro de ANP se muestran estables y protegidas (17 grupos familiares en ambos años), mientras que fuera de ANP se registraron solamente 5 grupos en el año 2014 y 2 grupos en el 2015. Actualmente, las mayores amenazadas para las poblaciones de lobo de río en Madre de Dios y la causa de la degradación de sus hábitats la minería aluvial, agricultura y ganadería cerca de los cauces de ríos. Esta situación sugiere la urgente necesidad del establecimiento de iniciativas de conservación en toda la cuenca del río Madre de Dios, en especial fuera de ANP.
Uso de hábitat y estado de conservación de las aves en el humedal El Paraíso, Lima, Perú
Authors: Quiñonez Alessandra S. , Hernandez Flor
Published: July 2017

Las aves son el grupo taxonómico más representativo de los humedales. En la costa central peruana muchos de estos ecosistemas se encuentran seriamente afectados por actividades antropogénicas. Con el objetivo de brindar información que contribuya a la implementación de planes de manejo y conservación de la avifauna del humedal El Paraíso se evaluó las preferencias y usos de los dos hábitats acuáticos presentes en el humedal, la laguna salobre y la zona cenagosa. Se llevaron a cabo evaluaciones mensuales desde mayo del 2009 a marzo del 2010 utilizando el método de puntos de conteo. Se observaron 68 especies que hicieron uso directo de los hábitats de estudio. Las familias más abundantes fueron Anatidae (19.2%), Laridae (18.0%), Phalacrocoracidae (16.8%) y Rallidae (16.1%). La especie más abundante fue Phalacrocorax brasilianus (16.7%), seguida de la Fulica ardesiaca (13.0%). Se encontró marcada diferencias en la composición de aves entre los dos hábitats evaluados debido, principalmente, a la  presencia de especies migratorias boreales quienes prefieren el hábitat cenagoso. Por otro lado, fueron identificados los sitios de anidamiento de especies representativas del humedal tales como Phalacrocorax brasilianus, Tachuris rubrigastra, Phleocryptes melanops, Charadrius nivosus. La actividad frecuentemente registrada fue el descanso (73.9%), seguido de la alimentación (23.4%) y la reproducción (2.73%). Constituyen las principales amenazas para el humedal; la caza deportiva, quema de totorales y juncales, tránsito de vehículos por la orilla marina y desechos de residuos sólidos dejados por los bañistas.
Modelamiento predictivo, distribución geográfica y estado de conservación de Tomopeas ravus Miller, 1900 (Chiroptera, Molossidae)
Authors: Loaiza Salazar Christian R. , Pacheco Torres Víctor
Published: July 2017

Tomopeas ravus, el murciélago de orejas romas, se conoce solo de 13 localidades confirmadas en Perú y actualmente se encuentra listada como En Peligro (B2 ab (iii)) por la UICN. La distribución, extensión de ocurrencia y el área de vida de esta especie no han sido esclarecidos completamente. Presentamos el primer modelo predictivo basado en los registros conocidos y el primer acercamiento geográfico para la especie. Basados en los 13 registros confirmados se construyó un modelo de hábitat de máxima entropía determinando previamente las variables ambientales de mayor importancia para el modelo. Se estimó un índice predictivo aceptable (0.970) para el modelo final. Se determinó las zonas de mayor probabilidad de ocurrencia para esta especie y se estimó el área de distribución mediante el método del polígono mínimo convexo (PMC). El área prioritaria más importante identificada para la conservación de esta especie se sitúa al norte de Perú, entre los Departamentos de Tumbes y Piura. Se recomienda utilizar el presente modelo como herramienta útil para futuras evaluaciones de la conservación de esta especie.
Análisis morfológico comparativo de las estructuras reproductivas masculinas de los géneros Orthopterygium y Amphipterygium (Anacardiaceae)
Authors: Jimenez-Vasquez Victor , León Blanca , Ramírez Rina , Cuevas-Figueroa Xochitl
Published: July 2017

Se presenta una descripción detallada de la inflorescencia y flor masculina del género Orthopterygium (A. Gray) Hemsl. en comparación con su género hermano Amphipterygium Standl., ambos anteriormente ubicados en la familia Julianiaceae, con la finalidad de corroborar sus estatus taxonómicos. Se incluyen todas las especies de ambos géneros, O. huaucui, A. molle, A. adstringens, A. simplicifolium y A. glaucum. Se realizaron medidas de las piezas florales (longitud de la flor, longitud y número de sépalos, longitud de las anteras y longitud de los filamentos) así como la longitud de la inflorescencia, éstas fueron sometidas a un análisis de componentes principales. Las estructuras diferenciales más significativas entre ambos géneros corresponden a la longitud y número de sépalos. Esta observación soporta y corrobora los resultados ya reportados por otros autores y constituye el primer avance en el establecimiento del actual estatus taxonómico de Orthopterygium, se sostiene por tanto la consideración de ambos géneros como entidades independientes.
Caracterización química y evaluación de la actividad antifúngica del aceite esencial foliar de Lippia alba contra Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Authors: Pérez Cordero Alexander , Chamorro Anaya Leonardo , Vitola Romero Deimer
Published: July 2017

El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar y evaluar in vitro la eficiencia del aceite esencial foliar de Lippia alba contra Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Se extrajo el aceite esencial a partir de las hojas mediante el método de hidrodestilación asistida por microondas (MWHD) y se identificaron sus metabolitos mediante una cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas (GC/MS). La evaluación in vitro se realizó empleando 4 concentraciones del aceite esencial (500, 1000, 3000 y 10000 ppm) diluidas en acetona; se utilizó un control positivo con Benomil 1 g/L, un control negativo con acetona y un testigo absoluto; la eficiencia del aceite se midió mediante el porcentaje de índice antifúngico (%I.A). El componente mayoritario en el aceite esencial fue el citral (34.62 a 40.03%) y que el mayor %I.A se encontró a la concentración de 10000 ppm (97.8%), muy similar a la del Benomil (100%). Lo anterior demostraría la eficacia del aceite esencial de L. alba para controlar a C. gloeosporioides, y su posible uso como fungicida biológico.
Primer reporte de Cricocephalus albus (Digenea: Pronocephalidae) en el Perú, parásito de la tortuga verde del Pacífico Este (Chelonia mydas agassizii)
Authors: Gomez-Puerta Luis A. , Bachmann Vanessa , Quiñones Javier , Quispe Sixto , Torres David , Macalupu Joe
Published: July 2017

Se registra por primera vez para Perú a Cricocephalus albus (Digenea: Pronocephalidae) en la tortuga verde del Pacífico oriental (Chelonia mydas agassizii). Los parásitos fueron colectados durante la necropsia de una tortuga verde varada en el estuario de Virrilá localizado en la provincia de Sechura, Departamento de Piura, Perú. El presente trabajo realiza una breve descripción de C. albus, así como la discusión de sus hospederos y distribución geográfica.
Primer registro del género Smeryngolaphria Hermann, 1912 (Diptera: Asilidae: Laphriinae) en Perú
Authors: Sánchez Flores Pável
Published: July 2017

La distribución de “moscas ladronas” del género Smeryngolaphria Hermann, 1912 es registrada por primera vez en Perú. Smeryngolaphria gorayebi Artigas, Papavero & Pimentel 1988 y Smeryngolaphria maculipennis (Macquart, 1846), dos de las siete especies neotropicales descritas, son reportadas a partir de especímenes depositados en la colección del Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (MUSM).
Novedades en Polybotria (Filicales: Dryopteridaceae) para Costa Rica
Authors: Fco. Rojas Alvarado Alexander
Published: July 2017

En este trabajo se describen dos especies nuevas de Polybotrya: P. aureisquama y P. insularis. Polybotrya aureisquama difiere de P. alfredii por las escamas del rizoma más anchas, anaranjado-doradas (vs. pardas) y con margen largamente ciliado (vs. entero), frondas más cortas, lámina menos diferenciada en color entre ambas superficies y pelos de los ejes más largos. Polybotrya insularis se distingue de P. osmundacea por las frondas estériles más cortas, ejes glabrescentes (no escamosos y dispersamente pelosos), pínnulas anadrómicas en las pinnas medias y frondas fértiles bipinnadas. También, se cita Polybotrya lourteigiana para Costa Rica.
Generic realignments in Maxillariinae (Orchidaceae): Corrigenda et adenda
Authors: Blanco Mario A , Carnevali German , Witten W. Mark , Singer Rodrigo B. , Koheler Samantha , Williams Norris H. , Ojeda Isidro , Neubig Kurt M. , Endara Lorena
Published: July 2017

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Nuevos taxa en Grammitidaceae (Pteridophyta) de Costa Rica
Authors: Fco. Rojas Alvarado Alexander
Published: July 2017

Lellingeria pinnata A. Rojas y Terpsichore glandulifera A. Rojas se describen, se ilustran y se comparan con las especies cercanas L. phlegmaria (J.Sm.) A.R. Sm. - R.C. Moran y T. turrialbae (H. Christ) A.R. Sm., respectivamente. Terpsichore pirrensis A.R. Sm. es un nuevo registro de Costa Rica.
Hibridación interespecífica en passiflora (Passifloraceae), mediante polinización manual, y características florales para la polinización.
Authors: Ramírez B. William
Published: July 2017

En Passiflora, la evolución de diferentes colores, así como la presencia o ausencia de aromas atrayentes, la conformación y la posición de la corona con respecto al androginóforo, pueden haber jugado un papel importante en la abundante especiación y la asociación con polinizadores notablemente específicos y muy disímiles, tales como abejas, polillas, avispas, colibríes y murciélagos. Passiflora vitifolia (polinizada por colibríes) produjo semillas viables cuando fue polinizada manualmente con polen de P. ambigua, P. edulis, P. platyloba, P. quadrangularis (las tres polinizadas por abejas solitarias) y P. miniata (polinizada por colibríes). P. platyloba produjo semillas viables cuando fue polinizada con P. miniata. Se postula que debido a los polinizadores específicos de Passiflora, algunas de las especies no han evolucionado mecanismos genéticos de aislamiento reproductivo y que nuevas especies pudieron haber evolucionado simpátricamente por poliploidía.
Daily flight activity rhythms of the peach and mediterranean fruit flies using sexual and olfactory attractants
Authors: Bayoumy M. H. , El-Metwally M. M.
Published: July 2017

The periodicity of insect activity is affected by endogenous and exogenous factors, and these factor thresholds often limit its activity. The flight activity within 24 h circadian rhythm is often influenced by light, whereas the abundance is affected by temperature. This study aimed to hourly follow the flight activity of the peach (PFF) and Mediterranean (MFF) fruit flies, at guava orchard, using sexual and olfactory attractants. The flight of PFF males usually started before that of females, whereas that of MFF males was in the same time as females. As temperature rose above 30 °C, the flight activity of males affected, but that of females not. Thus, flight activities of males were negatively, and females were positively, correlated with temperature. On the contrary, males were positively, and females were negatively, correlated with relative humidity. The sexual attractant attracted more PFF males than MFF, but the olfactory attractants attracted more PFF females than MFF. The highest male captures were between 7:00 am and 10:00 am, and females between 11:00 am and 5:00 pm, suggesting males fly actively during the morning to locate their mates, whereas females fly actively during the afternoon to locate their food and/or distribute their eggs. This also suggests that PFF and MFF are diurnal species. For management of both species, the spray treatments therefore should be taken during the time interval 7:00 am and 10:00 am for males (to disrupt mating) and 11:00 am and 5:00 pm for females (to disrupt feeding and oviposition).