bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic variation of Chitala chitala (Hamilton, 1822) from Indian rivers using truss network and geometric morphometrics
Authors: Chandran Rejani , Singh Achal , Singh Rajeev K. , Mandal Sangeeta , Ganesan Kantharajan , Sah Priyanka , Paul Pradipta , Pathak Abhinav , Dutta Nimisha , Sah Ramashankar , Lal Kuldeep K. , Mohindra Vindhya
Published: April 2022

Chitala chitala (Hamilton, 1822) is an economically important food fish species occurring throughout Indian rivers, which also has ornamental value. This study focuses on morphological variations in C. chitala from seven river basins across India namely; Son, Tons, Ken, Brahmaputra, Ganga, Gomti and Gandak. A truss network was constructed by interconnecting nine landmarks to generate 36 morphometric variables extracted from digital images of specimens sampled from the study locations. Transformed truss measurements were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA), canonical discriminant function analysis (CDFA) and discriminant analyses of principal components (DAPC). DAPC function coefficients performed much better in capturing the variation pattern and discrimination between the rivers which was not achieved using CDFA. Eight truss variables were identified with significant and highest loading for truss variables on principal components and coefficients on discriminant function from DAPC contributing to maximum variation between the rivers. Performance graph and functional distribution of identified truss variables clearly indicated distinction between the rivers. Thin plate spline analysis and procrustes shape analysis further showed the variation in morphology between specimens across the rivers. The significant parameters differentiating specimens from different rivers were linked to dorsal fin origin, the base of the pectoral fin and the perpendicular point on the anal fin from the dorsal fin origin. Variation in the hydrodynamics of the rivers studied might be possibly affecting the fin kinematics and consequently leading to adaption seen as phenotypic variation in C. chitala. The results showcased in the present study shall help in better understanding of intra-specific diversity which is significant for management and conservation of a species.
The sterile insect technique is protected from evolution of mate discrimination
Authors: Bull James J. , Gomulkiewicz Richard
Published: April 2022

Background

The sterile insect technique (SIT) has been used to suppress and even extinguish pest insect populations. The method involves releasing artificially reared insects (usually males) that, when mating with wild individuals, sterilize the broods. If administered on a large enough scale, the sterility can collapse the population. Precedents from other forms of population suppression, especially chemicals, raise the possibility of resistance evolving against the SIT. Here, we consider resistance in the form of evolution of female discrimination to avoid mating with sterile males. Is resistance evolution expected?

Methods

We offer mathematical models to consider the dynamics of this process. Most of our models assume a constant-release protocol, in which the same density of males is released every generation, regardless of wild male density. A few models instead assume proportional release, in which sterile releases are adjusted to be a constant proportion of wild males.

Results

We generally find that the evolution of female discrimination, although favored by selection, will often be too slow to halt population collapse when a constant-release implementation of the SIT is applied appropriately and continually. The accelerating efficacy of sterile males in dominating matings as the population collapses works equally against discriminating females as against non-discriminating females, and rare genes for discrimination are too slow to ascend to prevent the loss of females that discriminate. Even when migration from source populations sustains the treated population, continued application of the SIT can prevent evolution of discrimination. However, periodic premature cessation of the SIT does allow discrimination to evolve. Likewise, use of a ‘proportional-release’ protocol is also prone to escape from extinction if discriminating genotypes exist in the population, even if those genotypes are initially rare. Overall, the SIT is robust against the evolution of mate discrimination provided care is taken to avoid some basic pitfalls. The models here provide insight for designing programs to avoid those pitfalls.
Investigation of properties of mortar containing pyrogenic silica-added supplementary cementitious materials
Authors:   Afyon Kocatepe University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Civil Engineering, Afyonkarahisar (Turkey), Görhan Gökhan , Mücahit Bozkurt Ahmet ,   Afyon Kocatepe University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Civil Engineering, Afyonkarahisar (Turkey)
Published: April 2022

This study investigated the effect of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) with pozzolanic nature fly-ash (FA), silica fume (SF), and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) on the properties of cement mortar with pyrogenic silica addition. First, standard reference (SR) samples were prepared using CEM I 42.5 R-type cement. Pyrogenic silica was added to cement (0.5% by weight) to prepare another group of reference (PR) mortar samples. Cement in PR mortars was replaced with FA, SF, and GGBFS up to 10, 20, and 30%. The mortar samples were placed in 40x40x160 mm metal molds using a vibrating table. The following day the samples were removed from the molds and water cured for 7, 28, and 90 days. The results showed that increases in curing times helped improve the mechanical properties of the mortars. Moreover, the physical properties of PR mortars were affected more positively than the SR mortars. SF-substituted mortars had highest compressive strength, followed by GGBFS- and FA- substituted mortars. In conclusion, pyrogenic silica contributed to some extent to early strength, followed by a decrease.
Acoustic absorption prediction by placing absorbent material in separate pieces with or without back air layer
Authors:   Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas y su Control, Madrid (Spain), Morales-Segura Mónica , Caballol David ,   Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Grupo de Acústica Arquitectónica, Madrid (Spain), Raposo Álvaro P. ,   Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Grupo de Acústica Arquitectónica, Madrid (Spain), Gil-Carrillo Francisco ,   Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas y su Control, Madrid (Spain)
Published: April 2022

The reverberation time was tested in a reverberation chamber with three acoustic absorbent materials commonly used in construction. The tests were performed with different materials, setups, and back air layers. Results have been compared with those where this material is placed as a single piece. Analyzing obtained data, a linear regression model is established to predict, for certain frequencies, the alteration produced in the reverberation time. So, knowing the absorption coefficient of an amount of material, it is possible to predict the different absorption coefficients placing the same material in separated pieces and different distances from room walls. The model has been validated and tested, which demonstrates its accuracy, it has also been proved to be applicable to a wide variety of materials. It becomes a simple predictive tool that allows to estimate in situ the alteration in the reverberation time due to the separation of the absorbent material in patches.
Performance evaluation and strengthening of reinforced concrete buildings
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa (Turkey), Erdem Recep Tuğrul , Karal Koçali ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa (Turkey)
Published: April 2022

In view of the past earthquakes, it is stated that several structures are located in active seismic zones around the world. So, improvement of the earthquake performance levels of the existing buildings by using various strengthening methods has been the major interest in structural engineering. Non-linear analysis procedures that are defined in several seismic codes exhibit reliable results in the evaluation of seismic performances of existing buildings. In this study, seismic performances of three, five and eight storey existing and strengthened reinforced concrete buildings having the common floor plan, material and section properties of the structural members are investigated according to Turkish Building Earthquake Code-2018 and American Standard, ASCE. To obtain the earthquake performance results of reinforced concrete buildings, displacement demands of the buildings have been obtained and utilized in nonlinear analyses. SAP2000 structural analysis software is used in the solutions. The determined strengthening techniques are provided by adding concentric steel bracing members to existing reinforced concrete buildings and jacketing of the determined columns. As a result of non-linear analyses applied to the existing and strengthened buildings, damage situations of the structural members are determined, seismic performances of the buildings are evaluated according to both codes and the results are interpreted in the end.
Possibilidades para desenvolver um aplicativo móvel para a assessoria e gestão secretarial
Authors: Santiago Cibelle da Silva , Mirella Soares Silva Anita
Published: April 2022

RESUMO: A partir de um perfil multifuncional, o secretário executivo desempenha diversas tarefas no seu cotidiano, compreendidas entre assessorar o gestor e gerenciar informações, processos, recursos e pessoas em prol dos objetivos organizacionais. Com inúmeras demandas diárias, vislumbra-se que criar um único aplicativo e com múltiplas funções poderá facilitar e agilizar a prestação de serviços. O objetivo deste trabalho é mapear as demandas para criar um aplicativo específico com diversas funções e serviços que auxiliem os secretários executivos na assessoria e gestão secretarial. O método utilizado na pesquisa é bibliográfico e exploratório sob a abordagem quanti-qualitativa, com a discussão dos dados sob a análise de conteúdo.  O instrumento usado para a coleta de dados foi o questionário online gerado na plataforma Google Forms, com perguntas fechadas e abertas, enviado aos sujeitos via redes sociais entre 13 e 20 janeiro de 2020. Os principais resultados apontam para a necessidade de criar um aplicativo que reúna diversas funções a fim de auxiliar no assessoramento e gestão secretarial, devido à sua praticidade, facilidade e agilidade. Por fim, os serviços mais indicados pelos secretários para constar neste novo aplicativo foram: a agenda online; gerenciadores de tarefas; elaboradores de textos; tradutor de idiomas com áudio e escrita.
Insuficiencia cardíaca crónica en Argentina. OFFICE IC AR, un registro conjunto de la Sociedad Argentina de Cardiología y de la Federación Argentina de Cardiología
Authors: Thierer Jorge , Perna Eduardo , Marino Javier , Coronel María Lorena , Barisani José Luis , Brasca Daniela García , Pérez Terns Paula , Cimbaro Canella Juan Pablo , Pereiro González Stella Maris
Published: April 2022

Introducción: Diferentes registros argentinos de insuficiencia cardíaca crónica (ICC) fueron generados en los últimos 25 años, en forma individual por la Sociedad Argentina de Cardiología (SAC) y la Federación Argentina de Cardiología (FAC), con diversa representatividad. Los últimos datos conocidos datan de 2013. El Registro OFFICE IC AR fue encarado en forma conjunta por la SAC y la FAC para conocer la realidad de la ICC en Argentina. Objetivos: Describir en forma amplia y comprensiva las características salientes de la ICC en Argentina, incluyendo las características de los pacientes, el uso de recursos diagnósticos y terapéuticos, la adherencia a las guías de práctica y el pronóstico a mediano y largo plazo. Material y Métodos: Estudio prospectivo de cohorte, de pacientes con ICC de al menos 6 meses de evolución, alejados de una internación por al menos 3 meses. Se recabaron datos clínicos y paraclínicos. Los pacientes fueron categorizados, de acuerdo a la fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda (FEVI), en IC con FE reducida, ICFER (≤40%); IC con FE en el rango medio, ICFErm, ahora denominada IC con FE levemente reducida, ICFElr (41%-49%), e IC con FE preservada, ICFEP (≥50%). En seguimiento de al menos 1 año se registró la incidencia de hospitalización por insuficiencia cardíaca (HIC), muerte cardiovascular (MCV) y muerte de todas las causas (MTC) Resultados: Entre noviembre de 2017 y enero de 2020, 100 cardiólogos de todo el país incluyeron 1004 pacientes con ICC; edad media 65,8 ± 12,4 años, 74,6% hombres, FEVI conocida en el 93,8%. El 68,4% tenía ICFER, el 16% ICFElr y el 15,6% ICFEP. Hubo alta prevalencia de comorbilidades, incluyendo diabetes y anemia en el 30%, e insuficiencia renal crónica en el 22%. Fue elevada la utilización de antagonistas neurohormonales (ANH): 89,5% betabloqueantes; 57,3% inhibidores o antagonistas del sistema renina angiotensina, 28,9% sacubitril valsartán y 78,6% antialdosterónicos. En 69% se utilizó triple terapia. Su empleo fue mayor en la ICFER, pero elevado incluso en la ICFEP. En una mediana de seguimiento de 1,7 años la incidencia anual de MCV/HIC fue 12,8%, la de MCV 6,6% y la de MTC 8,4%, sin diferencia entre las distintas categorías de FEVI. Conclusiones: En el primer registro conjunto de ICC SAC-FAC se verificó elevada prevalencia de ICFER, alta prevalencia de comorbilidades, uso frecuente de ANH y pronóstico acorde a los registros internacionales.
High Resolution Ultrasound in Entrapment Neuropathies of Ulnar Nerve- A Case Series
Authors: Narayanan Ramakrishna , Kapoor Anu , Dagam Vigneshwar
Published: April 2022

Ulnar nerve is one of the terminal branches of the medial cord of brachial plexus. Owing to its superficial location and unprotected course ulnar nerve is susceptible to physical impingement at specific sites. Although clinical and electrophysiological assessment can diagnose ulnar neuropathy and site of compression, they do not provide aetiological information which is important for management. High Resolution Ultrasonography (HRUS) is a non invasive imaging tool that has been used widely to evaluate peripheral nerves. In this case series, HRUS imaging findings in seven distinct cases of entrapment of ulnar nerve or its branches are presented. In cases 1, 2, 3 and 4, ulnar nerve was entrapped at the elbow; by synovial thickening due to degeneration, claw osteophyte arising from ulna, synovial cyst and epineural ganglion cyst respectively. In cases 5 and 6, ulnar nerve was entrapped at the wrist by a pisotriquetral ganglion cyst and an ulnar artery pseudoaneurysm respectively. In case 7 the Dorsal Cutaneous Branch (DCB) of ulnar nerve was entrapped over the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (ECU) tendon. In all the aforementioned cases, HRUS accurately identified the site of entrapment, the status of ulnar nerve and the underlying cause of entrapment, which was subsequently confirmed surgically. The non invasive, inexpensive and accurate qualities make HRUS a potential first line imaging tool in the evaluation of entrapment neuropathies of superficial nerves.
DENTINOGÊNESE IMPERFEITA TIPO II: RELATO DE CASO CLÍNICO
Authors: Oliveira Santos Malu , Marçal Barbosa Grazielle , Bittencourt Marcos Alan Vieira , Alves Alessandra Castro
Published: April 2022

A dentinogênese imperfeita (DI) apresenta etiologia autossômica dominante envolvendo má formação dentinária durante a histodiferenciação. Os dentes apresentam coloração marrom-azulada com transparência distinta. No exame radiográfico, observam-se coroas bulbosas, constrição cervical e câmaras pulpares obliteradas. O esmalte é perdido com facilidade, expondo a dentina defeituosa subjacente, com desgaste acentuado por atrição e ocasionando perda da dimensão vertical de oclusão. Objetivo: O relato tem como objetivo apresentar um caso clínico de DI tipo II em uma paciente pré-escolar, focando no diagnóstico, bem como no tratamento reabilitador, enfatizando a importância do diagnóstico precoce. Descrição do caso: Criança de quatro anos de idade, do sexo feminino, que compareceu à clínica escola da universidade. As queixas da criança e da mãe refletiam estética desfavorável devido à coloração amarronzada, dentes quebradiços e desgastados. Havia lesões cariosas iniciais e avançadas com muita perda de estrutura dentária posterior. Foi observado ainda, um crescimento maxilar comprometido, evidenciando a protusão mandibular. O diagnóstico da DI tipo II foi realizado com base na anamnese e exames clínico-radiográficos, envolvendo o histórico familiar materno. O tratamento foi executado buscando manter a saúde bucal, juntamente com a adequação estética da paciente, usando a mínima intervenção quando possível. A criança foi acompanhada por 30 meses, quando foi direcionada para avaliação e possível tratamento ortodôntico. Conclusão: A DI causa muitos prejuízos emocionais e físicos aos pacientes portadores. O diagnóstico prematuro, associado ao tratamento conservador com revisões periódicas, auxilia na preservação estética e funcional, além de melhorar a qualidade de vida da criança.
BIOFILM ACCUMULATION IN DENTAL MATERIALS AND ITS REPERCUSSIONS ON ORAL HEALTH: CRITICAL REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Authors: Cavalcanti Barbosa Allana Marcela , Rodrigues Acioli Anny Caroline , Vasconcelos Cruz Gabriela , Japiassú R. Montes Marcos Antônio
Published: April 2022

Purpose: This article aims to conduct a literature review about the impact that biofilm accumulation on different types of dental materials can cause on oral health, according to its characteristics. Methods: Original articles about the accumulation of biofilm on the surface of different restorative and rehabilitative dental materials and their repercussions on oral health were gathered in journals in the PubMed and Lilacs databases using the search terms "Biofilm", "Dentistry", "Dental materials", through the logical operator "AND". An individual analysis of the articles that contemplated this study´s subject was performed. Results: As a result of the search, 439 articles were found, 416 from Pubmed and 23 from Lilacs, however only 23 studies (Pubmed: 20 and Lilacs: 3) were selected for content analysis. The majority of the selected articles discussed dental biofilm formation in the different restorative and rehabilitative dental materials and how their characteristics interfere in this accumulation. Final considerations: Bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation are strongly influenced by the surface characteristics of dental materials, such as their chemical compositions, surface roughness and surface free energy, what can lead to negative repercussions to the individual´s oral health.
DESAFIOS E IMPORTANCIA DA ODONTOLOGIA HOSPITALAR: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Barreto Moreira Hyago , Jacinto Conselho Yorhanna , Brandão Santos Almeida Cristiane , Pinho Valente Pires Alessandra Laís , Aguiar Moreira Marcela Beatriz
Published: April 2022

Objetivo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma análise crítica sobre a importância do CD nas equipes multiprofissionais em ambiente hospitalar. Materiais e Métodos: A coleta de dados foi desenvolvida entre o período de agosto de 2020 e abril de 2021, nas bases de dados SciELO, MEDLINE, LILACS, seguindo uma estratégia de busca a partir da seleção de descritores no DeSC/MeSH, a qual permitiu-se eleger 10 artigos para este estudo. Resultados: Verificou-se nestes estudos elegíveis que o CD apresenta um papel fundamental na recuperação do paciente internado. Por sua vez, as dificuldades encontradas por esses profissionais consistem em compreender este ambiente como seu lugar de atuação, e também, na adesão dos hospitais a procedimentos voltados à Odontologia Hospitalar. Considerações Finais: Conclui-se que o cirurgião-dentista, mediante algumas dificuldades enfrentadas, vem compreendendo a importância da sua atuação no ambiente hospitalar e tem alcançado mais espaço, fazendo parte do quadro de profissionais de saúde que atuam no ambiente hospitalar.
Clinically observed deletions in SARS‐CoV‐2 Nsp1 affect its stability and ability to inhibit translation
Authors: Kumar Pravin , Schexnaydre Erin , Rafie Karim , Kurata Tatsuaki , Terenin Ilya , Hauryliuk Vasili , Carlson Lars‐Anders
Published: April 2022

Nonstructural protein 1 (Nsp1) of SARS‐CoV‐2 inhibits host cell translation through an interaction between its C‐terminal domain and the 40S ribosome. The N‐terminal domain (NTD) of Nsp1 is a target of recurring deletions, some of which are associated with altered COVID‐19 disease progression. Here, we characterize the efficiency of translational inhibition by clinically observed Nsp1 deletion variants. We show that a frequent deletion of residues 79–89 severely reduces the ability of Nsp1 to inhibit translation while not abrogating Nsp1 binding to the 40S. Notably, while the SARS‐CoV‐2 5′ untranslated region enhances translation of mRNA, it does not protect from Nsp1‐mediated inhibition. Finally, thermal stability measurements and structure predictions reveal a correlation between stability of the NTD and the efficiency of translation inhibition.
3D star shot analysis using MAGAT gel dosimeter for integrated imaging and radiation isocenter verification of MR‐Linac system
Authors: Kim Jeong Ho , Kim Bitbyeol , Shin Wook‐Geun , Son Jaeman , Choi Chang Heon , Park Jong Min , Hwang Ui‐Jung , Kim Jung‐in , Jung Seongmoon
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This study aims to investigate a star shot analysis using a three‐dimensional (3D) gel dosimeter for the imaging and radiation isocenter verification of a magnetic resonance linear accelerator (MR‐Linac).

Methods

A mixture of methacrylic acid, gelatin, and tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride, called MAGAT gel, was fabricated. One MAGAT gel for each Linac and MR‐Linac was irradiated under six gantry angles. A 6 MV photon beam of Linac and a 6 MV flattening filter free beam of MR‐Linac were delivered to two MAGAT gels and EBT3 films. MR images were acquired by MR‐Linac with a clinical sequence (i.e., TrueFISP). The 3D star shot analysis for seven consecutive slices of the MR images with TrueFISP was performed. The 2D star shot analysis for the central plane of the gel was compared to the results from the EBT3 films. The radius of isocircle (ICr) and the distance between the center of the circle and the center marked on the image (ICd) were evaluated.

Results

For MR‐Linac with MAGAT gel measurements, ICd at the central plane was 0.46 mm for TrueFISP. Compared to EBT3 film measurements, the differences in ICd and ICr for both Linac and MR‐Linac were within 0.11 and 0.13 mm, respectively. For the 3D analysis, seven consecutive slices of TrueFISP images were analyzed and the maximum radii of isocircles (ICr_max) were 0.18 mm for Linac and 0.73 mm for MR‐Linac. The tilting angles of radiation axis were 0.31° for Linac and 0.10° for MR‐Linac.

Conclusion

The accuracy of 3D star shot analysis using MAGAT gel was comparable to that of EBT3 film, having a capability for integrated analysis for imaging isocenter and radiation isocenter. 3D star shot analysis using MAGAT gel can provide 3D information of radiation isocenter, suggesting a quantitative extent of gantry‐tilting.
Polyiodide Confinement by Starch Enables Shuttle‐Free Zn–Iodine Batteries
Authors: Zhang Shao‐Jian , Hao Junnan , Li Huan , Zhang Peng‐Fang , Yin Zu‐Wei , Li Yu‐Yang , Zhang Bingkai , Lin Zhan , Qiao Shi‐Zhang
Published: April 2022

Aqueous Zn–iodine (Zn–I2) batteries have been regarded as a promising energy‐storage system owing to their high energy/power density, safety, and cost‐effectiveness. However, the polyiodide shuttling results in serious active mass loss and Zn corrosion, which limits the cycling life of Zn–I2 batteries. Inspired by the chromogenic reaction between starch and iodine, a structure confinement strategy is proposed to suppress polyiodide shuttling in Zn–I2 batteries by hiring starch, due to its unique double‐helix structure. In situ Raman spectroscopy demonstrates an I5−‐dominated I−/I2 conversion mechanism when using starch. The I5− presents a much stronger bonding with starch than I3−, inhibiting the polyiodide shuttling in Zn–I2 batteries, which is confirmed by in situ ultraviolet–visible spectra. Consequently, a highly reversible Zn–I2 battery with high Coulombic efficiency (≈100% at 0.2 A g−1) and ultralong cycling stability (>50 000 cycles) is realized. Simultaneously, the Zn corrosion triggered by polyiodide is effectively inhibited owing to the desirable shuttling‐suppression by the starch, as evidenced by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. This work provides a new understanding of the failure mechanism of Zn–I2 batteries and proposes a cheap but effective strategy to realize high‐cyclability Zn–I2 batteries.
Directing Multicellular Organization by Varying the Aspect Ratio of Soft Hydrogel Microwells
Authors: Pahapale Gayatri J. , Tao Jiaxiang , Nikolic Milos , Gao Sammy , Scarcelli Giuliano , Sun Sean X. , Romer Lewis H. , Gracias David H.
Published: April 2022

Multicellular organization with precise spatial definition is essential to various biological processes, including morphogenesis, development, and healing in vascular and other tissues. Gradients and patterns of chemoattractants are well‐described guides of multicellular organization, but the influences of 3D geometry of soft hydrogels are less well defined. Here, the discovery of a new mode of endothelial cell self‐organization guided by combinatorial effects of stiffness and geometry, independent of protein or chemical patterning, is described. Endothelial cells in 2 kPa microwells are found to be ≈30 times more likely to migrate to the edge to organize in ring‐like patterns than in stiff 35 kPa microwells. This organization is independent of curvature and significantly more pronounced in 2 kPa microwells with aspect ratio (perimeter/depth) < 25. Physical factors of cells and substrates that drive this behavior are systematically investigated and a mathematical model that explains the organization by balancing the dynamic interaction between tangential cytoskeletal tension, cell–cell, and cell–substrate adhesion is presented. These findings demonstrate the importance of combinatorial effects of geometry and stiffness in complex cellular organization that can be leveraged to facilitate the engineering of bionics and integrated model organoid systems with customized nutrient vascular networks.
Dual Modulation of Single Molecule Conductance via Tuning Side Chains and Electric Field with Conjugated Molecules Entailing Intramolecular O•••S Interactions
Authors: Zhang Hua , Xu Wei , Song Kai , Lu Taige , Zhang Guanxin , Zang Yaping , Hong Wenjing , Zhang Deqing
Published: April 2022

Herein, single‐molecule conductance studies of TBT1‐TBT6 which entails 1,4‐dithienylbenzene as the backbone and SMe groups as the anchoring units, with the scanning tunneling microscope break junction (STM‐BJ) technique, are reported. The molecular conductance of TBT1 with intramolecular O•••S noncovalent interactions is enhanced by about one order of magnitude in comparison to their analogue TBT2 (which contains alkyl instead of alkoxy chains). By replacing the methoxy groups in TBT1 with extending alkoxy chains in TBT3, TBT4, and TBT5, the molecular backbones become twisted and as a consequence the single‐molecule conductance decreases gradually, showing that the intramolecular O•••S noncovalent interaction is influenced by the structural features of alkoxy chains. More importantly, the single‐molecule conductance of TBT3, TBT4, and TBT5 can be boosted by increasing the electric field applied to the molecular junctions. Remarkably, the conductance of TBT3, TBT4, and TBT5 can be reversibly modulated due to the conformational changes between twisted and planar ones by varying the electric field. These results demonstrate that molecules with intramolecular O•••S noncovalent interactions have the potential for in situ control of the electrical properties of molecular‐scale devices.
Electronically Reconfigurable Photonic Switches Incorporating Plasmonic Structures and Phase Change Materials
Authors: Farmakidis Nikolaos , Youngblood Nathan , Lee June Sang , Feldmann Johannes , Lodi Alessandro , Li Xuan , Aggarwal Samarth , Zhou Wen , Bogani Lapo , Pernice Wolfram HP , Wright C David , Bhaskaran Harish
Published: April 2022

The ever‐increasing demands for data processing and storage will require seamless monolithic co‐integration of electronics and photonics. Phase‐change materials are uniquely suited to fulfill this function due to their dual electro‐optical sensitivity, nonvolatile retention properties, and fast switching dynamics. The extreme size disparity however between CMOS electronics and dielectric photonics inhibits the realization of efficient and compact electrically driven photonic switches, logic and routing elements. Here, the authors achieve an important milestone in harmonizing the two domains by demonstrating an electrically reconfigurable, ultra‐compact and nonvolatile memory that is optically accessible. The platform relies on localized heat, generated within a plasmonic structure; this uniquely allows for both optical and electrical readout signals to be interlocked with the material state of the PCM while still ensuring that the writing operation is electrically decoupled. Importantly, by miniaturization and effective thermal engineering, the authors achieve unprecedented energy efficiency, opening up a path towards low‐energy optoelectronic hardware for neuromorphic and in‐memory computing.
Harvesting Water‐Evaporation‐Induced Electricity Based on Liquid–Solid Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Chi Jingu , Liu Chaoran , Che Lufeng , Li Dujuan , Fan Kai , Li Qing , Yang Weihuang , Dong Linxi , Wang Gaofeng , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: April 2022

Harvesting energy from natural water evaporation has been proposed as a promising alternative to supply power for self‐powered and low‐power devices and systems, owing to its spontaneous, ubiquitous, and sustainability. Herein, an approach is presented for harvesting water‐evaporation‐induced electricity based on liquid–solid triboelectric nanogenerators (LS‐TENGs), which has various advantages of easy preparation, substrate needless, and robustness. This developed harvester with porous Al2O3 ceramic sheet can generate a continuous and stable direct current of ≈0.3 µA and voltage of ≈0.7 V by optimizing the sheet physical dimensions and ambient parameters such as relative humidity, temperature, wind velocity, and ion concentration. The output power also can be improved significantly by series or parallel connection the harvesters, which has superior electrical compatibility and environmental suitability. The development of the water‐evaporation‐induced electricity harvesting shows many application prospects including power supply for digital calculator and charging capacitor. This research provides an in‐depth experimental study on water‐evaporation‐induced electricity harvesting based on LS‐TENGs and an efficient approach to supply electricity for low‐power devices.
Effects of temperature on farmed marine polychaete Perinereis helleri and its fatty acid profile
Authors: Hoang Tung , Murphy Brian , Kim Lee Chang , Stratford Chris , Stevenson Chris
Published: April 2022

This study investigated short‐term effects of temperature on survival, body weight and the fatty acid profile of farmed marine polychaete Perinereis helleri—an excellent live feed maturation diet for penaeid shrimp broodstock. Two consecutive experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of low temperature (4, 8, 12, 16 and 20°C) and high temperature (20, 24, 28, 32 and 36°C) on a 7‐month‐old population of P. helleri farmed at Bribie Island Research Centre, Australia. The experimental polychaetes were purged for 24 h at 20°C before being transferred directly into 500 ml glass chambers, sealed and submersed in different target temperature water baths. The jars were then kept for 3 or 6 h in the low‐temperature experiment and 1 or 3 h in the high‐temperature experiment, respectively. Results showed that mortality occurred only at 4°C and 8°C (p < 0.01). Weight loss occurred across all treatments of the low‐temperature experiment, but only at 36°C in the high‐temperature one. Analysis of lipid classes and fatty acids show that farmed P. helleri is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA, i.e. 37% of total fatty acids), especially arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n‐6). The total value of essential fatty acids was 15.8% of total fatty acids or 16.8 mg/g dry matter. The n‐3:n‐6 ratio was 1.07 ± 0.04. This study suggests that P. helleri can be transported at ambient temperature of 16–20°C and can be farmed in a tropical climate.
A near‐infrared probe for detecting and interposing amyloid beta oligomerization in early Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Quan Li , Moreno‐Gonzalez Ines , Xie Zhigang , Gamez Nazaret , Vegas‐Gomez Laura , Song Qinyong , Gu Jianhua , Lin Wenhai , Gomez‐Gutierrez Ruben , Wu Tianfu
Published: April 2022

Background

The misfolding and deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) in human brain is the main hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. One of the drivers of Alzheimer´s pathogenesis is the production of soluble oligomeric Aβ, which could potentially serve as a biomarker of AD.

Methods

Given that the diphenylalanine (FF) at the C‐terminus of Aβ fragments plays a key role in inducing the AD pathology, based on the hydrophobic structure of FF, we synthesized a near‐infrared BF2‐dipyrrolmethane fluorescent imaging probe (NB) to detect both soluble and insoluble Aβ.

Results

We found that NB not only binds Aβ, particularly oligomeric Aβ, but also interposes self‐assembly of Aβ through π‐π interaction between NB and FF.

Conclusion

This work holds great promise in the early detection of AD and may also provide an innovative approach to decelerate and even halt AD onset and progression.
Generalized Gauge Transformation with PT$PT$‐Symmetric Non‐Unitary Operator and Classical Correspondence of Non‐Hermitian Hamiltonian for a Periodically Driven System
Authors: Gu Yan , Hao Xiao‐Lei , Liang Jiu‐Qing
Published: April 2022

This paper demonstrates that the parity‐time ()‐symmetric non‐Hermitian Hamiltonian for a periodically driven system can be generated from a kernel Hamiltonian by a generalized gauge transformation. The kernel Hamiltonian is Hermitian and static, while the time‐dependent transformation operator has to be symmetric and non‐unitary in general. Biorthogonal sets of eigenstates appear necessarily as a consequence of the non‐Hermitian Hamiltonian. The wave functions and associated non‐adiabatic Berry phase for the nth eigenstate are obtained analytically. The classical version of the non‐Hermitian Hamiltonian becomes a complex function of canonical variables and time. The corresponding kernel Hamiltonian is derived with symmetric canonical‐variable transfer in the classical gauge transformation. Moreover, with the change of position‐momentum to angle‐action variables it is revealed that the non‐adiabatic Hannay's angle and Berry phase satisfy precisely the quantum‐classical correspondence, .
Well‐ordered nanostructured organic/inorganic hybrid thin film construction via UV nanoimprint lithography applicable to liquid crystal systems
Authors: Lee Dong Wook , Won Jong Hoon , Kim Dong Hyun , Oh Jin Young , Kim Dae‐Hyun , Liu Yang , Seo Dae‐Shik
Published: April 2022

In this study, a well‐ordered unidirectional nanostructure was successfully imprinted on a UV curable polymer/indium oxide hybrid film using UV nanoimprint lithography (NIL). The surface morphologies of the hybrid films were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the uniform nanostructure with a period of 820 nm and height of 30 nm was observed on a 6 min UV‐irradiated film by line profile from AFM. The chemical modification of the films according to UV irradiation time was analyzed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The nanopatterned hybrid film was applied to the liquid crystal (LC) alignment layer and the polarized optical microscopy and pretilt angle analysis demonstrated the highly uniform and homogeneous LC alignment state. The unidirectional nanostructure guided the LCs orientation and the aligned surface anisotropy which induces the uniform LC alignment. The hybrid film chemical affinity was analyzed by contact angle measurement, and the increased surface energy after UV irradiation contributed to the homogeneous LC alignment. Therefore, various organic/inorganic hybrid films can be used for nanostructure construction via UV NIL, and it has a high potential for application in diverse LC systems.
Managing entrepreneurial and corporate contributions to sustainability transitions
Authors: Schaltegger Stefan , Loorbach Derk , Hörisch Jacob
Published: April 2022

To achieve an economy within ecological boundaries that meets the needs of all requires societal transitions (i.e. systemic changes of collective cultures, structures and practices). Such a societal and economic transition requires corporate and entrepreneurial organisations to transform their businesses, business models and societal roles. While the importance of companies for sustainable development has been acknowledged in the existing literature the link between transformations at the organizational level and sustainability transitions beyond organizational boundaries needs further investigation. This contribution therefore unpacks the duality of companies in sustainability transitions: they are subject to the transformative changes in the economy and society, and they can be leaders of sustainability transitions of the economy and society. Companies are challenged to proactively manage a simultaneous build‐up of sustainable and phase‐out of unsustainable products, services and practices. Key approaches for sustainability transformation management are discussed and conclusions for research and practice deducted.
Advertising strategies and sustainable development: The effects of green advertising appeals and subjective busyness on green purchase intention
Authors: Dai Jiatong , Sheng Guanghua
Published: April 2022

As environmental issues receive global attention, sustainable development has gradually become a crucial element of business strategies. A considerable number of enterprises have practiced green innovations and introduced green products to the market. A key issue in realizing the sustainability of business strategies is to motivate consumers to purchase green products through effective green advertising strategies. When promoting green products, corporates commonly face a crucial decision that which type of appeals should be employed to enhance the effectiveness of green advertising strategies. Based on the Theory of Self‐regulation and Theory of Self‐congruency, this study aims to propose and examine a conceptual model to uncover how advertising appeals affect the green purchase intention of consumers with different subjective feelings of busyness. Four experimental studies were conducted, and the results reveal that the other‐benefiting appeal stimulates higher self‐image congruency of subjectively busy consumers and therefore boosts green purchase intention. The self‐benefiting appeal activates functional congruency of consumers with low subjective busyness, thus increasing purchase intention. Furthermore, only in the context of high environmental accountability could the other‐benefiting appeal induce higher green purchase intention of subjectively busy consumers. Managerially, the findings guide practitioners on employing advertising appeals reasonably to maximize the effectiveness of green advertising strategies by considering consumers' subjective busyness.
Who could complete and benefit from the adjuvant chemotherapy regarding pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma? A multivariate‐adjusted analysis at the pre‐adjuvant chemotherapy timing
Authors: Fu Ningzhen , Qin Kai , Li Jingfeng , Jin Jiabin , Jiang Yu , Deng Xiaxing , Shen Baiyong
Published: April 2022

Background

The pre‐adjuvant chemotherapy (PAC) status of postoperative pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients has not been studied and elaborated well previously.

Method

The association of PAC variables and prognoses was explored using a multivariable Cox model, restricted cubic spline analysis, and correlation analysis. The main outcomes were overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS). The secondary outcome was chemotherapy completeness (CHC).

Results

A total of 401 eligible patients were enrolled in sequential surgery and chemotherapy. The chemotherapy regimen, PAC fasting blood glucose (FBG), and elevated fasting blood glucose (eFBG) status were associated with CHC (regimen types: p = 0.005, continuous FBG: p = 0.014, eFBG status: p = 0.012). Early administration of adjuvant chemotherapy (<34 days) was a risk factor for the limited OS and PFS (OS: aHR: 1.61 [1.09–2.38], p = 0.016; PFS: aHR: 1.91 [1.29–2.82], p = 0.001). Patients with higher PAC body mass index (BMI), receiving Gemcap regimen, and with lower PAC tumor marker value were observed with better survival prognoses (PAC BMI: OS: 0.927 [0.875–0.983], p = 0.011; Gemcap: OS: 0.533 [0.312–0.913], p = 0.022; Gemcap: PFS: 0.560 [0.341–0.922], p = 0.023; PAC CA125: OS: 1.004 [1.002–1.006], p < 0.001; PAC CA125: PFS: 1.003 [1.000–1.005], p = 0.031; PAC CEA: OS: 1.050 [1.026–1.074], p < 0.001). The BMI decrease was mainly concentrated in the first 3 months of chemotherapy courses (first 3 months: p < 0.001; latter 3 months: p = 0.097). And CEA, compared to CA125 and CA199, was a better prognostic indicator (CEA: first 3 months: PFS p = 0.011, OS p < 0.001; latter 3 months: PFS p = 0.024, OS p = 0.041).

Conclusion

PDAC patients should be treated with adjuvant chemotherapy over 34 postoperative days. PAC sarcopenia was a risk factor for OS, but not PFS and limited CHC. Those with higher PAC FBG levels were more likely to finish chemotherapy. CEA, compared to CA125 and CA199, was a better prognostic indicator.
Myocarditis following COVID‐19 mRNA (mRNA‐1273) vaccination
Authors: Chellapandian Suresh Babu , Turkmen Suha , Salim Imtiaz , Chinnakaruppan Shanmugavel , Mohammad Jassim
Published: April 2022

In this case report, we presented a case of myocarditis as a rare complication that developed after Covid mRNA‐1273 vaccine. Cases of post‐vaccine myocarditis usually progress with mild symptoms. However, it should be a situation that healthcare workers should keep in mind, that myocarditis may develop after vaccination.
Snake in right coronary artery—Extensive spontaneous coronary artery dissection in a young male
Authors: Vohra Shweta , Pradhan Akshyaya , Sharma Prachi , Jaiswal Vikash , Pokhrel Nishan Babu
Published: April 2022

We report an interesting case of a young man who revealed extensive spontaneous dissection of the RCA in diagnostic angiography. It was surprising that despite an extensive dissection, the patient remained hemodynamically stable on medical management throughout the procedure and during the post‐procedure hospital stay.
Delayed right ventricular lead perforation by a pacemaker lead 2‐year post‐implantation
Authors: Yamamoto Akihiro , Takahashi Shoichi
Published: April 2022

Cardiac perforation by the lead of cardiac implantable electronic devices is a critical complication that often occurs within 24 h after the implantation but can occur later. We report a case of cardiac perforation of the right ventricular wall during the chronic period, 2 years after pacemaker implantation.
Generalizing approaches to surveillance for complex social outcomes in broad‐range patient populations—The cost in terms of lost information and subgroup utility
Authors: Boman Krister K. , Lannering Birgitta , von Essen Louise , Jarfelt Marianne
Published: April 2022

Complex social outcomes, including those related to education and employment, depend on compound combinations of background factors that are significantly different for childhood and adult cancers. Medical and psychosocial prerequisites related to the age at cancer diagnosis and treatment require surveillance for complex social outcomes that meets the particularized needs of corresponding patient subgroups.
Coronal brain atlas in stereotaxic coordinates of the African spiny mouse, Acomys cahirinus
Authors: Vitorino Marta , Simão Sónia , Moreira João B. , Nogueira‐Rodrigues Joana , Silva Joana , Lourenço Ana Sofia , Fernandes Vítor , Sousa Monica M. , Tiscornia Gustavo , Araújo Inês M.
Published: April 2022

The African spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus) is an emerging model of mammalian epimorphic regeneration that has aroused the interest of the scientific community in the last decade. To date, studies on brain repair have been hindered by the lack of knowledge on the neuroanatomy of this species. Here, we present a coronal brain atlas in stereotaxic coordinates, which allows for three‐dimensional identification and localization of the brain structures of this species. The brain of 12‐week‐old spiny mice was mapped in stereotaxic coordinates using cresyl violet‐stained brain sections obtained from coronal cryosectioning of the brain after transcardial perfusion with fixative. The atlas is presented in 42 plates representing sections spaced 240 μm apart. Stereotaxic coordinates were validated using both a model of Parkinsonian lesion of the striatum with 6‐hydroxydopamine and labeling of the corticospinal tract in the spiny mouse spinal cord using AAV1/2‐GFP intracortical injections. This work presents a new tool in A. cahirinus neurobiology and opens new avenues of research for the investigation of the regenerative ability of A. cahirinus in models of brain disorders.
The In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD141+CLEC9A+ Dendritic Cells from Mobilized Peripheral Blood CD34+ Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Authors: Swartz Adam M. , Nair Smita K.
Published: April 2022

As shown in various preclinical studies, conventional type‐1 dendritic cells, or cDC1s, play a critical role in the immunological rejection of tumors and in the defense against pathogens. This indispensability stems from their potent capacity to activate cytotoxic T cells, especially via the cross‐presentation of exogenous antigens. For this reason, cDC1s have become an attractive target for immunotherapy. Here we report a simplified method for generating large numbers of cDC1‐like cells in vitro from mobilized human peripheral blood CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells using FMS‐like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT3L) and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF). An important aspect of this Protocol is the growth of cells on a non‐tissue culture‐treated surface rather than on a tissue culture‐treated surface since the latter suppresses cDC1‐marker expression. The resulting CD11c+ DCs express high levels of cDC1‐specific markers such as CD141, CLEC9A, TLR3, and several DC maturation markers. Compared to alternative differentiation methods, this method generates large numbers of cDC1‐like cells without the need for immortalized feeder cells and should prove useful for studying cDC1 immunobiology and clinical applications of this DC subset. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Generation of human CD141+CLEC9A+ dendritic cells from mobilized peripheral blood CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells

Support Protocol: Flow cytometric immunophenotyping of CD141+ dendritic cells