bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Effect of Oil and Energy Production on Health and Education Expenditures in Kazakhstan with Autoregressive Distributed Lag Method
Authors: Taibek Zhazira , Kozhamkulova Indira , Kuralbayev Almas , Spanova Bagdat K. , Myrzabekkyzy Kundyz
Published: March 2023

This study analyzes the impact of Kazakhstan's oil and energy production between 2000 and 2020 on government expenditures on health and education. Kazakhstan’s total crude oil and natural gas production, gas fuel production and distribution, domestic general government health expenditures (% of GDP), out-of-pocket health expenditures (% of total health expenditures), and government expenditures on education (% of GDP) are included. ARDL analysis showed that oil and natural gas production has an impact on government expenditures on health and education. Moreover, the boundary value proved that this effect exists in both the short and long terms. ARDL analysis also showed that oil and natural gas production has a short-term effect on out-of-pocket health expenditures, but not in the long term. These findings can be interpreted as there are scientific grounds to expect that the impact of energy production on government investments in education and health will continue in the future.
Do the Size of Oil and Gas Firms Govern their Financial Performance? With Special Reference to Indian Oil and Gas Firms
Authors: Ali Anis , Fatima Nadeem
Published: March 2023

The amount of profitability, liquidity, solvency, and resource utilization are used to evaluate a corporate organization's financial performance. The firm's size is determined by revenue, overall resources, and the availability of capital to execute the business operations. The study tries to get the governance of the financial performance by the size of firms in the Indian oil and gas sector.  The study is based on secondary data taken from the website of Indian oil and gas companies. ANOVA, stacked column chart, and Tukey’s homogeneity analysis applied for to get the disparity, variations and growth trend, and homogeneity of relative financial measures of financial performance. In Indian oil and gas firms, profitability is governed by the size of the firms negatively and directly while return on resources is negatively but negligibly by the size of the firms. There is no governance of liquidity and solvency by the size of firms in the Indian oil and gas industry. The larger manufacturing Indian oil and gas companies must increase their managerial and cost effectiveness in order to increase their profitability and absolute profits, while the smaller production Indian oil and gas companies must include debt in order to increase their level of activity and absolute profits.
Which Type of Energy Consumption is Effective on Economic Growth? Industry or Residential? The Case of Nuts-2 Regions in Turkiye
Authors: Turkmen Adem , Yarbasi Ikram Yusuf
Published: March 2023

This study aims to determine the causal relationship between energy consumption and growth at the regional level, considering energy use's production and consumption purpose.  In this direction, the relationship between industrial and residential electricity consumption and economic growth in Turkey has been tested for 26 regions and the period 2007-2020 by the Kónya Bootstrap Panel Causality Approach. According to the analysis results, while 11 areas support the growth hypothesis in terms of industrial electricity consumption, only one shows a bidirectional relationship; that is, it gives results by the feedback hypothesis. Five regions support the growth hypothesis regarding residential electricity consumption, and only two show a bidirectional relationship. In addition, four areas that do not offer a bidirectional relationship have findings that support the conservation hypothesis. According to the results, using energy as an input in final consumption or production may cause different regional effects on growth. Considering these relations, especially when choosing regional development and energy policies, will bring the right results specific to the regions. In addition, the absence of a causal relationship between electricity consumption and growth in many of the 26 areas examined indicates regional problems in the efficient use of resources.
Analyzing Short-run and Long-run Causality Relationship among CO2 Emission, Energy Consumption, GDP, Square of GDP, and Foreign Direct Investment in Environmental Kuznets Curve for Thailand
Authors: Bunnag Tanattrin
Published: March 2023

This paper analyzes the causal link between CO2 emission, energy consumption, GDP,  square of GDP, and foreign direct investment in the Environmental Kuznets Curve for Thailand from 1971-2014. Three steps are used: bound tests to verify the presence of cointegration,  autoregressive distributed lag  (ARDL) model to check the effects of the dependent variables on the independent variable in the short run and long run, and finally, the vector error correction (VECM)  was used the detect the causal relationships among variables. The results show no cointegration between variables, confirming the short-run relationship's existence. In addition, the Granger causality results show varied outcomes, indicating that two bidirectional causal relationships exist in the short run. The first relationship is between energy consumption and GDP, and the second is between energy consumption and GDP2. In addition, there are seven unidirectional relationships where FDI affects CO2 emission, energy consumption, GDP, and GDP2, including CO2 emission affects energy consumption, GDP, and GDP2. The results of long-run causal relationships show three bidirectional causal relationships between GDP and CO2 emission, GDP2 and CO2 emission, including GDP and GDP2. Moreover, there are two unidirectional relationships: GDP influences energy consumption and GDP2 affects energy consumption. Therefore, in terms of policy, the Thai government should support using more renewable energy. Including foreign direct investment, the government should issue a policy for foreign investors' investment by regulating green factories and efficient technology in reducing pollution emissions.
Pengembangan Media Bahasa Arab Menggunakan Web Educandy
Authors: Fadhilah Fina Nur
Published: March 2023

Pada masa pandemi covid-19, media menjadi transformasi perubahan kondisi berlangsungnya KBM, sehingga pendidik dituntut untuk menyesuaikan proses pembelajaran  menggunakan media daring sebagai inovasi pembelajaran. Upaya inovasi tersebut berupa media pembelajaran berbasis permainan educandy dengan tujuan meningkatkan motivasi siswa dan mendorong siswa berperan aktif dalam belajar bahasa Arab. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan yang menggunakan metode R&D yang dikemukakan oleh Borg and Gall yang mana peneliti batasi hanya 7 langkah: 1) identifikasi masalah; 2) pengumpulan data; 3) desain produk; 4) validasi desain; 5) uji coba produk; 6) revisi produk; 7) uji pemakaian. Hasil dari penelitian ini bahwa media educandy layak digunakan sebagai media evaluasi pembelajaran bahasa Arab tingkat sekolah dasar. Penggunaan media educandy juga mendapatkan respon “positif” dari 40 siswa kelas IV SDIT Muhammadiyah Bandongan di Magelang dengan presentase sebanyak 92,5 % menunjukkan minat dan motivasi belajar bahasa Arab siswa meningkat, dan sebanyak 85% menunjukkan penguasaan kosakata bahasa Arab siswa meningkat.
Kritik Hastalarda Sürekli Renal Replasman Tedavisinde Kullanılan Rejyonel Sitrat ve Sistemik Heparin Antikoagülasyonunun Etkinliği ve Güvenliğinin Karşılaştırılması: Retrospektif Çalışma
Authors: KÜÇÜKDEMİRCİ KAYA Pınar , KAHVECİ Ferda Şöhret , KELEBEK GİRGİN Nermin , ISCİMEN Remzi
Published: March 2023

Sürekli renal replasman tedavisinin (SRRT) etkinliği ekstrakorporeal devrenin sürdürülebilmesi için etkin bir antikoagülasyona bağlıdır. Çoklu organ yetmezliği olan kritik hastalarda SRRT hayat kurtarıcıdır. SRRT’de antikoagülasyon olarak kullanılan rejyonel sitrat antikoagülasyonu (RSA) ve sistemik heparin antikoagülasyonu (SHA) tercihi sitratın akümülasyonunun tehlikeleri in-vivo etkinliğinin öngörülememesi ve SHA’nın kanama komplikasyonları nedeniyle halen tartışmalıdır. Bağımsız değişkenleri en aza indirerek RSA'ya karşı SHA'nın SRRT üzerindeki etkisini ve güvenliğini değerlendirmek için yapılan bu çalışma; aynı hastaların her iki koagülasyon yönteminin farklı zamanlarda kullanıldığı ilk diyalizlerine ait parametreler karşılaştırarak gerçekleştirildi. 2018 Eylül ve 2019 Eylül ayları arasında SRRT uygulanan 102 hasta incelenmiş çeşitli nedenlerden dolayı antikoagülasyon yöntemi değiştirilen 11 hasta çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmamızda RSA yöntemi SRRT’de kullanıldığına SHA yöntemi kullanılmasına göre filtre ömrünün (%95 CI: [1.25-53.29]; p= 0,042) ve ultrafiltrasyon hızının (%95 CI: [9.43-64.20]; p=0,013) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir şekilde arttığı gözlendi. Bununla birlikte grupların başlangıç ve bitiş elektrolit, üre,kreatinin ve pH değerleri arasında anlamlı fark tespit edilmedi (p>0,05). RSA özellikle kanama komplikasyonu olabilecek SRRT yapılacak kritik hastalarda SHA yerine kullanılabilecek güvenli ve etkili antikoagülasyon yöntemidir.
Pemanfaatan Tandan Pisang Kepok sebagai Sumber Alkali pada Pembuatan Sabun Cair
Authors: Amelia Reny Elvira , Hasibuan Rosdanelli , Irvan
Published: March 2023

Kepok banana bunches were used as a source of natural alkali in the study of determining the ratio of coconut oil and palm oil in the saponification process using banana bunch ash. Alkali is obtained from the calcination process with variations in temperature of 400 °C, 500 °C, 600 °C, and 700 °C for 4 hours. Characterization of potassium from Kepok banana bunch ash using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer resulted in the highest potassium being 58.41% at 600 °C. The potassium obtained is used as a source of alkali in the saponification process of liquid bath soap. In this study, variations in the amount of alkali (30%, 40%, 50%, and 60%), the ratio of coconut oil and palm oil (60:40, 70:30, 80:20, and 90:10 (w/w)) with reaction times were carried out 2.5 hours, 3 hours, and 3.5 hours. The best liquid bath soap was obtained at a ratio of 70:30 (w/w) coconut oil and palm oil and 30% alkali with a reaction time of 2.5 hours which was 81.34%.
СОЦІАЛЬНІ КОМУНІКАЦІЇ: ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЇХ ЗАПРОВАДЖЕННЯ В ПЕРІОД ВІЙНИ
Authors: Красняк Олена , Амонс Сергій
Published: March 2023

Соціальна комунікація стає невід'ємним соціально-конституюючим чинником існування і суспільного розвитку. Вона розглядається як універсальний поліфункціональний феномен, що впливає на всі сфери функціонування суспільства та сприяє формуванню стабільних міжособистісних та інтерсуб'єктних відносин між людьми. В даній статті проаналізовано поняття соціальної комунікації, процеси її функціонування у системі суспільних відносин, а також основи формування – матеріальні та духовні фактори. Показано роль соціальної комунікації у створенні консолідованого суспільства, його гармонійному сталому розвитку, а також особливості та механізми їх запровадження у період війни. Проведеними дослідженнями встановлено, що комунікація відіграє важливу роль у розробці продукту, відносинах з клієнтами, управлінні персоналом – практично всі аспекти діяльності підприємства. Люди є ключовими суб'єктами комунікації, тому що вони часто служать як провідники людського спілкування.
СВІТОВИЙ ДОСВІД ПОВОЄННОГО ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ ТЕРИТОРІЙ
Authors: Серьогіна Дар'я , Базецька Ганна , Жовтяк Ганна
Published: March 2023

Мотивацією війни завжди стають економічні міркування, війною керують за допомогою економіки, економічні фактори чинять вагомий вплив на результат конфлікту, і, звісно, війна має глибокі та стійкі економічні наслідки. Стаття присвячена питанням повоєнного економічного відновлення. Перемога після Другої світової війни в Європі поклала край безпрецедентним руйнуванням і жертвам. Наступна чверть століття також відома як найвидатніший період економічного зростання та соціального прогресу в Європі, і цей парадокс можна пояснити трьома факторами: міцні основи економічного відновлення, принаймні в Західній Європі; План Маршалла забезпечив життєво важливу підтримку для реконструкції європейської торгівлі та співробітництва; а відродження німецької економіки підтримували союзники, на відміну від періоду Першої світової війни.
Perfil de automedicação por acadêmicos de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior na pandemia da Covid-19
Authors: Pereira Aldalene Rocha , Silva Adriane Siqueira , Xavier Erika Marcília Silva , Lima Paulo Sérgio Ferreira , Oliveira Edilene Gadelha
Published: March 2023

A automedicação é um problema recorrente de saúde pública devido ao uso indiscriminado de medicamentos. Este estudo analisou o perfil de automedicação por acadêmicos de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior na pandemia da Covid-19 com base em um questionário aplicado on-line. A maioria dos participantes era do gênero feminino, cursando Farmácia, no 10° semestre e já atuando como profissional de saúde. Destes, 36,9% foram diagnosticados com a doença pelo médico a partir de exames laboratoriais, e os principais sintomas relatados foram dor de cabeça (16%) e febre (13,7%). Os medicamentos mais utilizados, prescritos ou não por médicos, foram analgésicos e antitérmicos. A indicação de medicamentos foi realizada por outros profissionais de saúde, como o farmacêutico. Conclui-se que a automedicação se agravou durante a pandemia devido à procura por medicação para atenuar os sintomas da Covid-19 ou a falta de fármacos eficazes para o tratamento do novo coronavírus.
Marriage, work, and the invention of family law in English legal thought
Authors: Taylor Luke
Published: March 2023

This article traces the emergence of family law as an autonomous legal domain within English scholarly legal thought. It provides a genealogy of conceptual and taxonomical change spanning a nearly two-hundred-year period via close readings of a range of legal texts beginning with Blackstone’s Commentaries. The article shows how the invention of English family law hinged on two interrelated shifts in legal thought. One movement involved the staged extrusion of productive work relations (in the narrow sense of work for pay) from the legal household and the re-characterization of those relations as market-based activities exterior to the family and situated within an increasingly freestanding law of master and servant. Running in parallel with that work-related movement was a new emphasis on the public importance of marriage and a corresponding elevation of the husband–wife relation to the forefront of domestic relations. This latter move involved an effort by scholars to distinguish the emerging law of contract (modelled on commercial relations and ideological notions of individual will) from household-based relations that were seen as not ‘properly’ contractual because of the existence of superadded conditions that did not derive from individual will. In particular, scholars began to reframe marriage in terms of status owing to these non-modifiable terms, though contract remained the legal device by which the status of marriage was created. In the early twentieth century, these processes resulted in the complete separation of work and family into the distinct legal domains of family law and employment law.
Financial and Internal Control Compliance Supervision of Listed Companies from the Perspective of Independent Directors
Authors: Xiaoxin Chen
Published: March 2023

With the increasing regulatory requirements for listed companies in the securities market and investors' increasing attention to the compliance of listed companies, independent directors of listed companies are also facing higher performance requirements to better play the role of supervising the board of directors of listed companies as an independent third party, making suggestions on the management of listed companies and protecting the interests of minority shareholders. Independent directors have a systematic theory of financial and internal control and a wealth of practical experience, which undoubtedly provides a great gain for them to perform their duties effectively. From the perspective of independent directors, this paper analyzes the sources of financial and internal control compliance risks of listed companies, points out the focus of independent directors' attention on financial statements and internal control compliance and puts forward that the independent investigation mechanism is an effective scheme for independent directors to supervise the compliance of listed companies and prevent risks, which provides a practical reference for independent directors to perform their duties with high quality.
Pengetahuan Dan Pemahaman Pajak Serta Kesadaran Wajib Pajak Pada Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak (Studi Empiris Di Perumahan Margasari Tigaraksa)
Authors: Nugroho Tri Cahyo , Apriladiestya Lutfiana
Published: March 2023

This study aims to determine the role of knowledge and understanding of taxes and awareness of taxpayers on taxpayer compliance. This study uses quantitative methods, using random sampling technique. The data used in this study is primary data. Respondents in this study amounted to 150 people. The results of this study indicate that knowledge and understanding of taxes and awareness of taxpayers play a role in taxpayer compliance. From the Adjusted R value, it produces a value of 0.761 or 76.1%, which means that the taxpayer compliance variable can be explained by the knowledge and understanding and awareness of taxpayers, while the remaining 23.9% is explained by other variables not examined in this study.
Analisis Strategi Promosi Bisnis Katering Pada PT. Parewa Aero Catering
Authors: Mardiana Mardiana , Purba Eduard Hotman , Alfredo Joel
Published: March 2023

PT. PAREWA AERO CATERING is a company engaged in catering services. The purpose of this research is to develop marketing that was previously only marketed in certain places, and to formulate an effective business strategy as a suggestion for companies to improve their market competitiveness. The method used is a quantitative method, the data collection techniques used are questionnaires and interviews, then the collected data is analyzed. The conclusion drawn from the final results of the research is that the marketing strategy is the right strategy applied by the company to enter the market and compete in the market.
Media Video Sebagai Sarana Informasi Dan Promosi Pada Universitas Raharja
Authors: Baqi M.Puad Abdul , Sedayu Rangga , Haryanto Akhmad Rahman
Published: March 2023

Perkembangan saat ini dalam dunia informasi dan teknologi maupun dari segi media promosi berkembang dengan pesat diera modern ini, hal tersebut merupakan tuntutan dari strategi promosi yang dikembangkan oleh Universitas Raharja, campus Raharja saat ini memiliki berbagai macam keunggulan dan fasilitas, Raharja saat ini sudah tersertifikasi ISO 9001-2015 dan sudah terakreditasi. Saat ini calon mahasiswa/i dan masyarakat yang belum mengetahui keunggulan yang ada di Universitas Raharja, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menarik calon mahasiswa/i untuk melanjutkan pendidikan ke jenjang perguruan tinggi di Universitas Raharja dan analisis ini menggambarkan keunggulan media video sebagai teknologi agar masyarakat mengetahui informasi dari video promosi apa saja fasilitas dan keunggulan yang ada di Universitas Raharja sehingga menarik perhatian seluruh calon mahasiswa/i baru. Pada penelitian ini, metode yang digunakan adalah : Pengumpulan data, Penyusunan media dan Konsep Produksi Media (KPM). Hasil penelitian ini merupakan perancangan media periklanan sebagai media informasi dan dan periklanan Universitas Raharja, yang terdapat informasi tentang keunggulan dan fasilitas yang dirancang menggunakan Software adobe Premiere pro 2019 dan Adobe Audition 2019.
Media Video Promosi D'Masiv Pada PT. Masiv Satu Misi
Authors: Martono Aris , Harits Nur Fikri , Choirunnisa Indah
Published: March 2023

Media promosi sangat berpengaruh terhadap strategi pemasaran pada suatu bisnis. Media yang digunakan pada PT. Masif Satu Visi sebelumnya untuk menyampaikan informasi lalu mempublikasikan D’Masiv hanya melewati social media, siaran radio  dan channel youtube belum memberikan informasi secara lengkap. Promosi sebelumnya yang dilakukan dimedia sosial juga, hanya berisi foto-foto kegiatan yang dinilai masih sangat sederhana, sehingga menimbulkan kurangnya minat dalam penyampaian informasi. PT. Masif saat ini berada pada Satu Visi sangat membutuhkan video promosi melalui media video, warna dan teks informasi yang lebih jelas dan menarik. Khususnya dalam bidang publikasi, yang nantinya akan di sebar luaskan kepada masyarakat. Adapun data-data yang digunakan video promosi ini, bahwa perancangan ini, terdapat metode penelitian yang digunakan : studi pustaka, perancangan media  analisis SWOT, konsep produksi media (KPM) dan observasi wawancara (interview),. Lalu dibutuhkan adanya media video promosi, yang memiliki tujuan guna memperkenalkan keseluruhan yang ada dari D’Masiv, agar masyarakat yang melihat dapat tertarik untuk mengajak di acara event dan relasi lainnya, hasil dari perancangan media promosi ini diharapkan akan menciptakan peluang bagi PT. Masif Satu Visi.
ANATEMA: La conquista de Texas
Authors: Ribes Vicente
Published: March 2023

Aguascalientes, tierra bendita, donde un mundo infame acababa y otro, libre y lleno de oportunidades, comenzaba. Nada estaba escrito. Nada se conocía. Aguascalientes, principio y fin de razas viejas, sabias, que no pretendían de ningún modo pasar a la posteridad, a la historia, simplemente, seguir existiendo, día a día, en el viaje a ninguna parte que es la vida. El eterno viaje en el que nos perdemos todos, del que nunca se vuelve. Indios, mestizos, españoles, todos devorados por el insaciable Altísimo. Inmisericorde, altivo, injusto, despiadado. ¿Griego, azteca...? ¡Pobres chichimecas! ¿Afortunados? Nada de eso se planteaban, con dificultad vivían. ¿Felices? Tampoco. Simplemente, hombres. Y al final, ¿qué resta? Parafraseando al iluminado vate: polvo son, mas su vida tuvo sentido; polvo son, mas polvo enamorado. Amémoslos como si de nosotros mismos se tratase. Ésa será nuestra venganza.
The conceptual basis of the development of social entrepreneurship and nowadays challenges
Authors: Davydkova Kateryna , Oberemchuk Valentyna
Published: March 2023

Social problems can accumulate for years in various areas of our life: education, medicine, environmental protection. An effective way is to create organizations that independently generate income to solve social problems based on innovative approaches and solutions. The combination of a business approach and a social component form the concept of social entrepreneurship. The variety of definitions is due to the fact that entrepreneurship, as a type of activity, is based on various scientific disciplines: economics, sociology, business, anthropology, ethics, psychology. The work provides a critical analysis of the definition of the concept of "social entrepreneurship", the definition of a social enterprise, and defines the main features of a social entrepreneur. The obtained results are structured with an emphasis on the main factors affecting the formation of social entrepreneurship. It is suggested that social entrepreneurship should be understood as the process of introducing innovative solutions and ideas with the help of business tools into the country’s economic system with the aim of having a social impact on society.
On the basis of the analysis of social enterprises in different locations, the challenges of today, which concern both social entrepreneurship and classical business, have been identified. These challenges relate to the essential issues of creating jobs and directing profits to solve important social problems and help the country. Examples of the functioning of social enterprises in Ukraine in war conditions with the aim of supporting society are given.
SMART technologies in modeling emotional and intellectual online course (example of Microsoft Teams)
Authors: Hrebeshkova Olena
Published: March 2023

The article offers a conceptual view of the possibilities of creating effective educational courses for higher education in the conditions of modern existential challenges – pandemics and wars. The results of the study of the benefits and expectations of students and teachers in the context of understanding the value of the educational course are presented. Conclusions were made regarding the requirements for training courses under the conditions of remote communication between participants in the educational process. The growing relevance of expanding the cognitive, organizational, motivational, control and other capabilities of all participants in the educational process, relying on their emotional intelligence and developing their emotional-intellectual competence, is emphasized. It is proposed to introduce into scientific circulation the concept of "emotional-intellectual online course" (EIOC) as a virtual
educational space, created on the basis of SMART technologies, which make it possible to form and effectively support the participants of the educational process in their emotional intelligence in all components of the latter (self-awareness, selfcontrol, empathy and relationship management). A conceptual model of an emotional-intellectual online course on the MS Teams platform is presented, which was tested at the Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman.
Динаміка видового складу короїдів і їхніх хижаків із ряду Coleoptera у соснових насадженнях ДП «Жовтневе ЛГ» (Харківська обл.) у 2019–2022 рр.
Authors: Воробей А. Д.
Published: March 2023

Наведено результати оцінювання видового складу й поширеності короїдів і їхніх хижаків шляхом обліків у віконних пастках на трьох ділянках насаджень Бабаївського лісництва ДП «Жовтневе ЛГ» (Харківська обл.). У 2019 р. в осередок короїдів на ділянці Б-1 у чистих 70-річних соснових насадженнях із відносною повнотою 0,7 (ТЛУ В2) вносили мурахожука Thanasimus formicarius (Linnaeus 1758), якого розводять на ДСЛП «Харківлісозахист». На ділянці Б-2 з подібними характеристиками насаджень і ділянці Л із переважно листяними породами такого ж віку та відносної повноти, але з куртинами сосни звичайної (Pinus sylvestris L.) мурахожука не вносили. У віконних пастках виявлено 4 види короїдів і 10 видів хижаків із ряду Coleoptera. Найменшу чисельність короїдів і найбільше співвідношення хижак/короїд визначено на ділянці Б-1. Найбільшою мірою на всіх ділянках і в усі роки були поширені Th. formicarius та Pl. elongatum. Участь Th. formicarius у комплексі хижаків лише у 2020 р. була найбільшою у варіанті Б-1, де у 2019 р. додатково вносили цього хижака.
Особливості природного залісення суцільних зрубів в Українських Карпатах
Authors: Бродович Ю. Р. , Бродович Р. І. , Кацуляк Ю. Д. , Сіщук М. М.
Published: March 2023

Проаналізовано особливості природного залісення свіжих зрубів у Карпатах на прикладі лісового фонду Закарпатського й Чернівецького обласних управлінь лісового та мисливського господарства. Оцінено кількісний і породний склад самосіву й підросту деревних порід на зрубах у контексті лісових формацій і переважних типів лісу. Виявлено недоліки під час проєктування способу лісовідновлення та обґрунтовано пропозиції з підвищення його ефективності. Підкреслено необхідність уточнення окремих положень чинних нормативних вимог щодо оцінювання природного поновлення на зрубах, які проєктують під природне залісення. Зокрема це стосується вимоги щодо необхідності участі в складі самосіву та підросту всіх типоутворювальних деревних видів, а не лише головної породи, та заборони залишення під природне залісення зрубів, які утворилися після розробки похідних хвойних деревостанів, уражених збудниками хвороб, пошкоджених комахами та вітром.
Моніторинг пожеж у природних комплексах Чорнобильської зони відчуження і зони безумовного (обов’язкового) відселення під впливом російської агресії
Authors: Борсук О. А. , Сидоренко С. Г.
Published: March 2023

Оцінено кількість і площу пожеж на території Чорнобильської зони відчуження внаслідок ведення бойових дій. Визначено точність різних підходів до моніторингу ландшафтних пожеж засобами ДЗЗ. Показано, що сенсори MODIS спроможні виявити 46 % пожеж, а VIIRS – 69 %. Порівняння площі пожеж різними методами дає підстави вважати, що сервіс RDA від EFFIS фіксує 78 % площі пожеж та є найточнішим засобом моніторингу, але водночас поступається комбінації ручної ідентифікації та визначення площі згарищ (MODIS&VIIRS + Sentinel-2 & Landsat 8,9). Упродовж окупації на території зони відчуження ЧАЕС зафіксовано пожежі в природних комплексах на площі близько 13 989,6 га, зокрема 3 489 га – у лісах. Визначено, що середні кількість і площа пожеж збільшилися, порівнюючи з аналогічним періодом минулих років (1994–2021 рр.). Так, кількість пожеж підвищилася від 7,65 до 48 випадків (більше ніж у 6 разів); площа пожеж збільшилася з 26,4 га до 13 989,6 га (у 529,9 разу).
Emprendimiento rural como estrategia de innovación inclusiva
Authors: Wong Copaja Edgard Enrique
Published: March 2023

El presente artículo presenta el análisis de indicadores de la innovación inclusiva, sobre emprendedores rurales del altiplano andino de la región de Tacna. El objetivo fue describir percepciones y condiciones de la innovación inclusiva de los emprendedores rurales. Hubo limitaciones como la dispersión de la población en los anexos de las zonas altoandinas, los usuarios no estaban en un solo lugar, sino que por las mañanas paraban en el campo y por las tardes en sus casas, lo que ha hecho que el tiempo de recolección de datos sea de 6 meses. La muestra estuvo conformada por 253 personas, determinada por la saturación lingüística, la muestra consistía en perfiles de personas por función o sector de actividad apoyado con el programa atlas ti. A cada una de las personas se les realizó entrevistas semiestructuradas en profundidad, estas se llevaron a cabo en la casa o en el lugar de trabajo. Se solicitó el permiso para grabar la conversación en forma íntegra, se incorporaron las reacciones, actitudes o gestos del emprendedor observados durante la entrevista. Las percepciones y condiciones de la innovación inclusiva de los emprendedores rurales han dado como resultado que la innovación inclusiva lleva a profundizar en los beneficios para los habitantes y el ecosistema local, y a la creación de un valor añadido que no descuida la naturaleza, no daña el medioambiente y respeta las costumbres de los pueblos andinos.
BRONZE SPOONS AND SPATULAE IN THE KAHRAMANMARAŞ MUSEUM
Authors: DOĞAN Taylan
Published: March 2023

Three spoons, a spatula, and a combined tool consisting of both a spatula and a spoon in the Kahramanmaraş Museum constitute the subject of this study. The tools were brought to the museum collection by purchasing on different dates. While it was determined that four of the tools came from the Göksun town of Kahramanmaraş province, the findspot of one of them could not be determined. The spoons were made of bronze and casting technique was used in their production. Additionally, forging technique was used in the production of the combined tool consisting of spoon and spatula and spoon No. 3. These tools, which have been preserved without deterioration in their forms in general, have been exposed to occasional corrosion and minor fractures. Of the tools, which have different dimensions, the shortest is 9.6 cm, and the longest is 18 cm. While three of the spoons discussed in the study are widely seen in the literature, the tool consisting of spoon and spatula is a rare find and only one similar sample has been found in the literature. The tools were registered as medical instruments in the museum inventory. In literature research, it is seen that similar samples are generally covered within the scope of publications on medical instruments. However, when the contexts in which similar samples were found are examined, it is seen that the materials were not used for medical purposes only. In the light of the suggestions presented in the literature and the context of parallel finds, it can be suggested that Kahramanmaraş samples may have been used for different purposes such as medicine, pharmacy, kitchen, cosmetics and painting. Based on the similar finds, it is possible to state that the tools were produced and used during the Roman Imperial period.
SMINTHEION CULTIC CAVE AND SACRED SPRING IN THE LIGHT OF ANCIENT SOURCES AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL FINDINGS
Authors: KAPLAN Davut
Published: March 2023

All the sanctuaries of Apollo in Greece and Anatolia were built at or near the springs because he is the god of prophecy. The sanctuaries of Apollo were sometimes built directly on next to or near spring water coming out of the cave, as in Smintheion. Caves, sacred places for people living in rural areas at the beginning for sheltering and communicating with the gods, lost their functions, albeit a little, with the birth of temples. According to ancient sources and coin descriptions, the cave in Smintheion is understood to have been an essential sanctuary since the establishment of the Apollo Smintheus cult. Construction of the Hellenistic temple near the cave where the water source comes out, the cult has lost its function, but the water coming out of the cave has always been used in the service of the gods. Although Apollo Smintheus (Apollo, the lord of mice) was initially known as a god associated with mice, it is known that mice actually aid in divination. However, in the inscriptions at the entrance of the Great Bath in Smintheion, it is understood that a priest, who contributed to the agonistic games in the 2nd century A.D., was expressed as a hypophet, carrying out a cult practice related to water. Ancient sources, inscriptions, and coin depictions reflect this deep-rooted tradition of the existence of this cave and spring in Troy, as Apollo is a god of Anatolian origin. Therefore, this cave and spring to the east of the Temple of Apollo Smintheus must have been used for divination. In the first part of this study, geographical features, topography, and geological structure, which were the reason for the water source in the establishment of Smintheion in this area, were discussed. Afterward, the ancient texts about the cult of Apollo Smintheus, the inscriptions, and archaeological findings obtained from the excavations were mentioned, and it was revealed that the cave where the water came out was used as a sacred cave, and the spring was used for divination.
HİTİT SAVAŞ ARABALARINI ÇEKEN ATLARIN KUTSANMASI
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Sinan
Published: March 2023

Hitit Devleti’nin askerî yapılanmasında süvari birliği yoktu. Bunun yerine piyade birliği Anadolu’nun dağlık, tepelik alanlarında etkin rol oynamaktaydı. Belki de bu nedenle süvari birliğine ihtiyaç duyulmamıştır. Diğer yönden, eğitimli atların çektiği savaş arabaları, Hitit ordusunun en elit askerî gücünü oluşturmaktaydı. Hitit savaş arabası dağlık, tepelik gibi alanlarda etkili olmasa da meydan savaşlarında iki tekerlekli yapısı sayesinde üstün manevra kabiliyetine sahipti. Savaş arabasını yönlendiren sürücünün eğitimli olması ne kadar gerekliyse savaş arabasını çeken atların da o derece üstün yeteneğe sahip olması beklenirdi. Bu nedenle atlar düzenli fiziksel eğitimlere alınırdı. Bunun yanında atların arınmaları ve kutsanmaları amacıyla büyüsel eylemlere de başvurulduğu günümüze kadar ulaşan Hititçe bir ritüel metninden anlaşılmaktadır. Buradan yola çıkılarak yapılan çalışmanın amacı, Tanrı Pirinkir Ritüeli’nin kapsamlı bir analizinin yapılarak ortaya konmasıdır. Bu amaçla günümüze ulaşan satırlarından hareketle ritüel metni, “zaman ve mekân”, “amaç”, “katılımcılar”, “büyü objeleri”, “büyü eylemleri” ve “büyü metodları” gibi konular üzerinden tartışılmış ve bazı sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. Savaş arabalarını çeken atların kötülüklerden arındırılarak kutsanması için atların Koruyucu Tanrısı Pirinkir ile birlikte, Tanrı Telipinu ve Tanrı Huzziya gibi önemli tanrılar da ritüele davet edilmiş ve akabinde bu tanrılara bol ve çeşitli ikramlar ve sunular eşliğinde reverans yapılmıştır. Ayrıca atların koşum takımları da büyüsel işlemlerden geçirilerek kutsanmıştır. Tanrılara sunulan ritüel malzemeleri, “Arabalı Savaşçı” unvanına sahip bir askerin evinden temin edilmiştir. Kral, ritüel eylemlerine özellikle katılmıştır. Atlar, ritüel objeleriyle hazırlanan arınma koridorundan geçirildikten sonra ırmağa ulaştırılmış ve bu ırmaktan üzerlerine su serpilerek arınma işlemleri tamamlanmıştır.
HAÇ BİÇİMLİ MÜHÜR BASKISINDAKİ TUDHALİYA’LAR ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: AYDIN Murat
Published: March 2023

MÖ 2. bin yılda, Anadolu’da ilk merkezi devleti kuran Hititlerden günümüze sayısız eser ulaşmıştır. Devletin merkezi Boğazköy-Hattuşa’da ilebir dönem başkentlik yapmış Ortaköy-Şapinuva’da ve döneme tarihlendirilen diğer Hitit kentlerinde yapılan kazılar, bu uygarlığın tanınması açısından önemli veriler sunmaktadır. Kazılarda ele geçirilen devlet arşivi niteliğindeki yazılı belgeler, devletin yapısı, yayılma politikası, bürokrasisi gibi işleyiş ile ilgili bilgilerin yanı sıra Hitit krallarının kimler olduğu konusunda da araştırmacıları aydınlatmaktadır. Yüz yılı aşkın süren çalışmalar her ne kadar Hititler hakkındaki bilinenleri çoğaltsa da bazı tartışmaları da beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu tartışmaların başında kronoloji gelmektedir. Hitit tarihinde, Tudhaliya, Hattuşili, Huzziya gibi benzer isimleri taşıyan kişilerin krallık yapıp yapmadığı veya hangi zamanda tahta çıktığının kesin bilinememesi süregelen bir sorundur. Mevcut belgeler bu sorunları çözmeye destek olmakla beraber bazı soruların net cevabını karşılayamamaktadır. Bu duruma örnek teşkil eden ve bu çalışmanın konusunu oluşturan “Haç biçimli mühür baskısı”, bir yandan Hitit kronoloji sorununun çözümüne katkı sunarken beraberinde yeni soruları da gündeme taşımıştır.

Haç biçimli mühür baskısı gün yüzüne çıktığından beri kronoloji üzerindeki tartışmaları devam etmiştir. Bu çalışmada, “Haç Biçimli mühür baskısı” üzerinde yer alan isimlerden Tudhaliya’lar hakkında yeni belge ve bilgilerle bu tartışmalara ışık tutmak amaçlanmıştır.
ADİLCEVAZ KEF KALESİ KAZISI: YENİ BULGULAR VE DEĞERLENDİRMELER
Authors: COŞKUN İsmail , VAROL Orhan , POLAT Erdal
Published: March 2023

Urartu kalelerinden biri olan Kef Kalesi, Bitlis İli, Adilcevaz İlçe sınırları içerisinde Süphan Dağı’nın eteklerinde 2300 rakımıyla Van Gölü’ne hâkim volkanik bir tepe üzerinde yer almaktadır. Kale, Van Gölü havzasına inen önemli bir geçiş güzergâhı üzerinde bulunmaktadır. Urartu Kralı II. Rusa (MÖ 685-645) döneminde inşa edilen Kef Kalesi, krallığın zenginliğini ve gücünü ortaya koyması bakımından önemlidir. Kef Kalesi’nde ilk kazılar 1964-1972 yılları arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmalarda tespit edilen mimari ve yazınsal değerdeki arkeolojik verilerle kalenin önemi ortaya çıkmıştır. Yaklaşık olarak 50 yıl aradan sonra Kef Kalesi yeni dönem kazıları 2021 yılında başlatıldı. Bu çalışmada, 2021 ve 2022 yılında Kef Kalesi’nde ulaşılan arkeolojik ve filolojik verilerin değerlendirmelerine yer verilmektedir. Arkeolojik veriler ilk dönem kazıları ve bulgularıyla bağlantılı bir şekilde yorumlanmaktadır. Kalenin büyük salonunda çalışmalar başlamış, burada yer alan fil ayakları yeniden ayağa kaldırılmıştır. Kef Kalesi ikinci dönem kazılarında çanak çömlek parçalarının yoğun bir şekilde ele geçtiği hizmet odaları tespit edilmiştir. Birbirleri ile bağlantılı olan bu odalarda öğütme aletlerinin de ele geçmesi, odaların, sarayın mutfak bölümü olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Yüzey araştırması ve kazı sürecinde Urartu çivi yazılı iki parça bulunmuş ve bu parçaların okuması yapılmıştır. Kalede bulunan tanrısal motifli ve mitolojik sahneler içeren çivi yazılı taş bloklar, Urartu arkeolojisinin Kef Kalesine özgü önemli buluntularındandır. Bazalt taş bloklara işlenmiş yazıtlarda geçen ašiḫusi sözcüğünün ‘aş/bereket evi’ anlamıyla tarihsel dil etkileşimleri ve etimoloji çalışmalarına kaynaklık edeceği anlaşılmaktadır.
PARTIAL COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS AND READING COMPETENCE OF STUDENTS WITH MILD INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES
Authors: HLEBOVÁ BIBIÁNA , KOŽÁROVÁ JANA
Published: March 2023

Aim of the research study is to analyse the relationship between partial cognitive functions (visual separation – figure/background differentiation, visual differentiation of shapes, visual memory, auditory separation - figure/background differentiation, auditory differentiation of speech, auditory memory, intermodal relations, perception of time sequence) in the context of reading competence development (reading technique and method, reading comprehension) of 4th grade pupils with mild intellectual disabilities educated in school integration in the Prešov region, Slovakia, in which we have followed current level of the variables (reading competence, partial cognitive functions) in selected research respondents. The research findings might contribute to the creation of targeted cognitive stimulation programme in the context of reading competence development of pupils with mild intellectual disabilities in younger school age.
RELATION BETWEEN THE IMPLEMENTATION FREQUENCY OF REFLEXIVE METHODS AND SELF-EFFICACY OF LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS
Authors: NOVOCKÝ MICHAL , ROVŇANOVÁ LENKA
Published: March 2023

The aim of this paper is to analyse the relations between the frequency of reflexive method implementation by teachers and their self-efficacy. To find out the frequency of reflexive method implementation by teachers our own scale questionnaire was used. Its internal structure was analysed using exploratory factor analysis which showed the existence of two dimensions (traditional and non-traditional reflective methods). Reliability of dimensions was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha and the result varied between 0.71 and 0.73. To map self-efficacy of teachers, OSTES (The Ohio State Teacher Efficacy Scale) was used; and it was adapted to Slovak conditions by Gavora (2012). In this case, exploratory factor analysis demonstrated that it is appropriate to consider two dimensions (teacher efficacy in using teaching strategies and manage class). Their reliability varied between 0.84 and 0.86. 345 lower secondary school teachers – ISCED 2 participated in the research. The average length of work experience of male and female respondents (n=45) was 12.80 years (SD=10.70) and (n=300) 16.20 years (SD=9.88) respectively. Statistically significant moderate positive relation was identified between the implementation frequency of traditional reflective methods and self-efficacy of teachers in using teaching strategies. Similar relation was proved between the implementation frequency of non-traditional reflective methods and the mentioned component of self-efficacy of teachers. A weak direct dependence proved to exist between implementation frequency of both reflective method groups and self-efficacy of teachers in class management.
Regiszterek a gasztroenterológiában
Authors: Buzás György Miklós
Published: March 2023

Az utóbbi időben a regiszterek értékes adatbázisai lettek a diagnosztikai és terápiás módszerek kiértékelésének. Az első orvosi regisztereket a 20. század elején hozták létre, ezek az onkológiában terjedtek el. A regiszterek létrehozásának módszertanát mind nemzetközileg, mind magyarul kidolgozták. A Transzlációs Medicina Központ honlapján 23 regiszter adatai olvashatók. Egyes regiszterek igen aktívak (akut és krónikus pancreatitis, ERCP, hepatitis), eredményeiket hazai és nemzetközi folyóiratokban közölték, számos regiszter azonban inaktív. A szerző a 10 éves tapasztalata alapján beszámol a Helicobacter pylori kezelésének európai regisztere feltöltésében való részvételéről. A regiszter nemzetközi közleményekben kimutatta az európai eradikációs módszerek heterogén jellegét, a gyógyszerfelírások időbeli tendenciáit és a leggyakoribb hibákat: mindezek beillesztése a gyakorlatba a betegek jobb ellátásához vezethet. Ez azonban egy igen lassú folyamat.
Az autoimmun hepatitis diagnosztikája és kezelése
Authors: Kováts Patrícia , Sipeki Nóra , Tornai István , Papp Mária
Published: March 2023

Az autoimmun hepatitis (AIH) egy ritka, ismeretlen eredetű, immunmediált, krónikus gyulladással járó májbetegség, amelyet az emelkedett szérum-transzaminázszintek és a globulinszaporulat (immunglobulin G/gamma-globulin), a keringő autoantitestek jelenléte és a jellegzetes májszövettani eltérések – mint lymphoplasmocytás infiltrátum interface hepatitisszel – jellemeznek. A betegség változatos megjelenési formája miatt a diagnózis felállítása nehéz. Az AIH a betegek jelentős részében életre szóló kezelést igényel. A kezelés célja pedig a májbetegség progressziójának megakadályozása (dekompenzált májcirrózis kialakulása) és májátültetés szükségességének elkerülhetősége. Az AIH kezelése és gondozása sokszor jelent szakmai kihívást a kezelőorvos számára, és egyénre szabott megközelítést igényel. A gyógyszeres terápia sarokköve a remisszió indukciójára szolgáló szteroidkezelés, majd pedig a remisszió fenntartására az azatioprinkezelés beépítése. Ez a standard kezelés az esetek jelentős részében hatékony, a célja pedig a teljes biokémiai remisszió elérése, amelyet a transzaminázszintek és az IgG együttes normalizálódása jellemeznek. Az alkalmazott terápiák nem mentesek a mellékhatásoktól, ezért a kezelés indítása után mind a klinikai tünetek, mind pedig a laboratóriumi eredmények szoros követése javasolt. A standard terápia esetén kialakuló intolerancia (10%) vagy a terápiás válasz hiánya (15%) másod- vagy akár harmadvonalbeli kezelést is szükségessé tehet, egyéb immunszuppresszív szerek alkalmazásával. Ezekre vonatkozóan az iránymutatások kevésbé jól meghatározottak, és jelentősek a különbségek a klinikai gyakorlatban. Ha a diagnózis felállítása során bizonytalanság merül fel, vagy ha a betegség a standard kezelésre nem reagál megfelelően, vagy egyéb okok miatt a beteg nehezen kezelhető, mindenképpen javasolt a korai kapcsolatfelvétel és szakmai konzultáció szakértői központtal. A Ritka Májbetegségek Európai Referenciahálózatának (ERN RARE-LIVER) keretein belül nemzetközi szakértői panel bevonására is sor kerülhet távkonzultációs rendszer (CPMS) használatával.
Autoimmun pancreatitis: diagnózis és kezelés a gyakorlatban
Authors: Czakó László
Published: March 2023

Az autoimmun pancreatitis (AIP) a krónikus pancreatitis ritka formája, amely gyakran elzáródásos sárgaság formájában jelentkezik a pancreasban térfoglaló terimével vagy anélkül; szövettanilag lymphocytás-plazmasejtes beszűrődés és fibrózis mutatható ki; valamint a szteroidra adott gyors terápiás válasz jellemzi. Az International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria az AIP-t 1-es és 2-es típusra osztotta. Az 1-es típus (más néven lymphocytás-plasmocytás szklerotizáló pancreatitis [LPSP]) az immunglobulin G4-gyel (IgG4) társult szisztémás szklerotizáló betegség hasnyálmirigy-megjelenési formája, amelyet több szervet (nyálmirigy, pajzsmirigy, retroperitoneum) érintő, szteroidra érzékeny gyulladás és fibrózis jellemez. A 2-es típus (más néven idiopátiás ductuscentrikus pancreatitis [IDCP] vagy granulocytás epithelsejt-károsodással [GEL] járó AIP) hasnyálmirigyre specifikus kórkép, de gyakran társulhat colitis ulcerosával. Hiányzik az IgG4-szint-emelkedés, és szövettanilag a GEL jellemzi. Jelen összefoglaló célja az elmúlt időszakban megjelent irodalmak áttekintése segítségével az AIP korszerű diagnózisának és kezelésének a bemutatása.
Adultery, Theft, Murder: Aristotelian Practical Rationality and Absolute Prohibitions
Authors: Saenz Victor
Published: March 2023

In a neglected passage, Aristotle affirms that certain action-types and emotions – for example, murder, and shamelessness – 'have names that imply badness’ and are categorically prohibited ( EN II.6 1107a8–15). Two questions are of interest. First, on Aristotle’s view, why are these act-types and emotions always vicious? Whether giving little money or feeling anger are vicious is context sensitive. Why aren’t murder and its ilk like that? Second, why are the prohibitions absolute? Why shouldn’t, say, the prospect of avoiding disaster justify them, even if vicious? In this paper, I address these questions. I finish by responding to an objection by Peter Geach.