bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postoperative Drainage for 6, 12, or 24 Hours After Burr-Hole Evacuation of Chronic Subdural Hematoma in Symptomatic Patients (DRAIN-TIME 2): Study Protocol for a Nationwide Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Grønhøj Mads Hjortdal , Jensen Thorbjørn Søren Rønn , Sindby Ann Kathrine , Miscov Rares , Hundsholt Torben , Brabant Birgit , Bjarkam Carsten Reidies , Bergholt Bo , Fugleholm Kåre Buch , Rom-Poulsen Frantz
Published: December 2021

Background: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common acute or subacute neurosurgical condition, typically treated by burr-hole evacuation and drainage. Recurrent CSDH occurs in 5-20 % of cases and requires reoperation in symptomatic patients, sometimes repeatedly. Postoperative subdural drainage of maximal 48 hours is effective in reducing recurrent hematomas. However, the shortest possible drainage time without increasing the recurrence rate is unknown.Methods: DRAIN-TIME 2 is a Danish multi-center, randomized controlled trial of postoperative drainage time including all four neurosurgical departments in Denmark. Both incapacitated and mentally competent patients are enrolled. Patients older than 18 years, free of other intracranial pathologies or history of previous brain surgery, are recruited at time of admission or no later than 6 hours after surgery. Each patient is randomized to either 6, 12, or 24 hours of passive subdural drainage following single burr-hole evacuation of a CSDH. Mentally competent patients are asked to complete the SF-36 questionnaire. The primary endpoint is CSDH recurrence rate at 90 days. Secondary outcome measures include SF-36 at 90 days, length of hospital stay, drain-related complications, and complications related to immobilization and mortality.Discussion: This multi-center trial will provide evidence regarding shortest possible drainage time without increasing the recurrence rate. The potential impact of this study is significant as we believe that a shorter drainage period may be associated with fewer drain-related complications, faster mobilization, fewer complications related to immobilization, and shorter hospital stays—thus reducing the overall health service burden from this condition. The expected benefits for patients’ lives and health costs will increase as the CSDH patient population grows.Trial registration: ISRCTN15186366. https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN15186366. Registered in December 2020 and updated in October 2021.This protocol was developed in accordance with the SPIRIT checklist and by use of the structured study protocol template provided by BMC Trials.
Tax compliance in an EFD-enabled environment: Evidence from a developing economy
Authors: Elson Malima Agnes , Pillay Surendran , A. Obalade Adefemi
Published: December 2021

The focus of this study was to assess the contribution of Electronic Fiscal Devices (EFDs) to ensuring tax compliance among small business owners in the Arusha Region in Tanzania. The study was motivated by the fact that the government of Tanzania has invested effort and funds to ensure that revenue adequately supports development projects. Regardless of effort, there is continued reliance on external sources of funds to support development projects. This poses a question on how the introduction of EFDs would increase tax compliance and eventually impact the government income for development projects. The main objective of the study was to determine whether the rate of using EFDs, the level of transparency, fairness in tax procedures, and the perceived audit effectiveness affect the level of tax compliance. Data was analyzed using descriptive procedures, One Way ANOVA, Chi-Square, and ordinal regression. Findings of the study are as follows: First, fairness in tax procedures, the perceived level of transparency and the rate of EFD use had no impact on the level of tax compliance; second, business and EFD use experience, audit effectiveness, and the use of EFDs in tax audits have impacted tax compliance. The study recommends other government departments to consider adopting relevant technology in operational areas where transparency, fairness and compliance are required. The inclusion of other sectors not currently captured by EFD use will be a step in the right direction.
Post-traumatic coccygodynia: current issues. Review of foreign literature
Authors: Khidiyatov Ildar I. , Galimov Nazhip M. , Gumerov Aitbai A. , Gerasimov Maxim V.
Published: December 2021

There are no clear clinical recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with coccygodynia, and there are still debates about the choice of the best method of diagnosis, the effectiveness of blockades, the indications for surgical treatment and the most appropriate method of surgical treatment, and the need for antibiotics. The aim of the study is to evaluate the current state of the problem of diagnosis, conservative and surgical treatment of patients with post-traumatic coccygodynia based on the analysis of scientific publications. Materials and methods. A review of the literature data published on the problem of diagnosis and treatment of patients with post-traumatic coccigodenia is presented. The features of the anatomical structure of the coccyx are considered. Radiation methods for the diagnosis of coccygodynia, publication materials on the evaluation of the effectiveness of conservative and surgical treatment, and methods of surgical treatment of patients with coccygodynia are presented. The indications for surgical treatment and the results of surgical treatment of patients with coccygodenia are considered. Results. In coccygodynia, surgical treatment is indicated only in patients in whom comprehensive conservative treatment, the combined repeated blockades or radiofrequency ablation of the unpaired sympathetic ganglion are ineffective. Surgical treatment should only be carried out after the diagnosis has been precisely established, including the use of modern radiological diagnostic methods such as CT, MRI. The best method of coccyx resection is subperiosteal total proximal coccygectomy according to Key, with antibiotic therapy. The effectiveness of surgical treatment in patients with idiopathic coccygodynia is lower than in post-traumatic coccygodynia. Conclusion. Complex conservative treatment of patients with coccygodynia in most cases leads to recovery. Steroid blockades or radiofrequency ablation of the impair ganglion prove to be effective. Surgical treatment of post-traumatic coccygodynia is indicated only in cases of resistance to complex conservative treatment and ineffectiveness of blockades. The most optimal method of surgical treatment is subperiosteal proximal complete resection of the coccyx against the background of antibiotics.
À luz da “civilização"
Authors: Trubiliano Carlos Alexandre Barros
Published: December 2021

Na passagem do século XIX para o XX, o evolucionismo de Spencer, o racismo científico de Gobineau e as leis de Comte, exerciam forte influência no pensamento científico ocidental, norteavam políticas de Estado e serviam como justificativas de intervenções e incorporação de vastas regiões do globo à dinâmica de expansão do capitalismo. Neste contexto, tanto Mato Grosso quanto seus habitantes, majoritariamente indígenas, foram caracterizados como “hostis”, “bárbaro”, a espera de “colonização”, distante da “civilização”. Viajantes dos mais variados campos foram para o território até então desconhecido, em busca, além do “exótico”, de potencialidades econômicas. O objetivo do artigo é compreender a partir da análise discursiva dos relatos dos viajantes as representações do território e seus habitantes.
MULHER EMPREENDEDORA: FORTALECIMENTO DE PRÁTICAS DE EMPREENDEDORISMO E PARTICIPAÇÃO SOCIAL
Authors: Ferreira Tainara Lorêna dos Santos , Andrade Fábia Barbosa de
Published: December 2021

O programa de extensão intitulado Mulher Empreendedora: garantindo espaço de construção do conhecimento, saberes e participação social na comunidade surgiu das necessidades das relações de gênero, em virtude do constante crescimento do empreendedorismo feminino. O objetivodo projeto foi discutir a experiência vivenciada pela equipe do programa durante o ano de 2014, cujo público-alvo foi constituído por mulheres gerentes de empresas, horteiras, empregadas das fábricas de costuras, catadoras de lixo e auxiliares de serviços gerais, em locais da comunidade urbana e rural do município de Santa Cruz, Rio Grande do Norte. Esse programa foi dividido em cinco ações de extensão, que se complementam: I) Capacitação de empresárias da cidade de Santa Cruz/RN: construção da cartilha educativa Conhecer para Empreender; II) Capacitação para resgate de saberes e práticas em mulheres horteiras com enfoque econômico, profissional e em saúde; III) Mulheres e cooperativismo: capacitação sobre produção com qualidade nas fábricas de costura de Santa Cruz/RN; IV) Capacitação em associações de moradores: o espaço político e de atuação de mulheres empreendedoras na zona urbana e rural; V) Biossegurança: capacitação de auxiliares de serviços gerais e catadores de lixo na coleta seletiva e manejo de resíduos. Estas atividades ocorreram em parceria com vários órgãos e instituições municipais públicas de Santa Cruz, bem como docentes, discentes e técnicos da Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde do Trairi/Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Ressalta-se que o programa veio ao encontro das deficiências das mulheres no mercado de trabalho de modo a contribuir para o crescimento de sua autonomia, empreendedorismo e participação social na comunidade.
COCO DE ZAMBÊ: EXPERIÊNCIA VIVIDA PELOS BOLSISTAS DO PIBID DANÇA
Authors: Souza Amanda de Souza Nogueira Souza , Alexandre Bárbara Alexandre Queiroz Borges Queiroz , Mendes Maieça Mendes De Lima Mendes , Dayse Aparecida Dayse Nascimento Soares Nascimento
Published: December 2021

Este trabalho objetiva relatar experiências obtidas nas ações do subprojeto PIBID/DANÇA da UFRN, no contexto da Escola Municipal Ivanira Vasconcelos Paisinho, em Parnamirim/RN, sob a supervisão da professora de artes Rosane Dantas. Enfoca-se no texto o desenvolvimento de atividades pedagógicas com foco no folguedo Coco de Zambê. Os bolsistas de Iniciação à docência do PIBID Dança tiveram acesso a esse conhecimento através das disciplinas da graduação do Curso de Licenciatura em Dança na UFRN. Essas situações vividas nas aulas da graduação permitiram aos pibidianos o conhecimento necessário para abordar esse conteúdo nas turmas de quintos anos, da Escola Municipal Ivanira Vasconcelos Paisinho, na qual o PIBID Dança atua. O trabalho deu-se por meio de aulas práticas, caracterizadas com rodas de coco, despertando a experimentação da dança nos corpos dos alunos. Para conclusão do processo, as crianças compuseram uma coreografia, com passos característicos da “brincadeira” com o uso, também, da improvisação a partir do estímulo sonoro dos tambores. Essa experiência foi exibida na mostra cultural da escola, ocorrida no dia 31 de agosto de 2016, aberta à comunidade. Como avaliação do trabalho realizado observa-se que a atividade constituiu uma ocasião de articulação entre os conhecimentos produzidos no ensino superior e aqueles produzidos na Educação Básica através do PIBID Dança.
O PIBID/PEDAGOGIA E A GARANTIA DOS DIREITOS DE APRENDIZAGEM NAS DIVERSAS ÁREAS DO CONHECIMENTO
Authors: Monteiro Cristiane de Oliveira Correia , Tavares Isabelle Emily Ferreira de Souza , Da Rocha Rayanne Karolayne Silvestre , Dias Lidiana Oliveira da Silva , Santos Thalita da Silva , De Andrade João Maria Valença
Published: December 2021

Este artigo apresenta alguns dos direitos de aprendizagem garantidos em diferentes áreas do conhecimento, durante as intervenções realizadas pelos projetos desenvolvidos no Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID), subprojeto Pedagogia/ UFRN. Relata experiências vivenciadas nas turmas do 1° ano A e B do Ensino Fundamental da Escola Municipal Professora Emília Ramos, localizada no bairro de Cidade Nova (Natal, RN), a partir dos projetos A minha, a sua, a nossa cor e Repensando o lixo a partir da consciência ambiental. Os temas abordados nos projetos possibilitaram a garantia dos direitos de aprendizagem nas diversas áreas do conhecimento como o reconhecimento das semelhanças e diferenças existentes entre o/a aluno/a criança e os colegas e o reconhecimento dos problemas ambientais existentes na comunidade e sua relação com a qualidade de vida e saúde. A metodologia utilizada considerou a utilização de vídeos, histórias literárias, produção de obras de arte com materiais recicláveis, jogos, brincadeiras, aula-passeio e atividades explorando os eixos estruturantes de ensino da Língua Portuguesa. Tudo isso com a finalidade de garantir os direitos de aprendizagem relacionados ao processo de alfabetização. Como resultados alcançados, destacam-se a aquisição de valores como o respeito às diferenças e ao meio ambiente, partindo do eu, sua relação com o outro e com o espaço em que vivemos.
NO LIMIAR DO COTIDIANO ESCOLAR: AÇÕES FORMATIVAS COM O PIBID PARA A APROPRIAÇÃO DA LEITURA POR ALUNOS DE EJA
Authors: Soares Maria de Lourdes Gabriel Ferreira , Aldryncollen Dyego , Araújo Karolyne Cristina de Carvalho , De Andrade João Maria Valença
Published: December 2021

Este artigo apresenta reflexão acerca de aspectos teóricos e práticos dos trabalhos desenvolvidos por bolsistas do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID), estudantes de Pedagogia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte/UFRN, na Escola Municipal Profª Emília Ramos, Natal/ RN, Brasil, no ensino da modalidade Educação de Jovens e Adultos.A leitura é uma atividade do Sistema de Escrita Alfabético (SEA), que perpassa, inicialmente, pela decodificação, sendo essa a concretude e a finalidade da escrita. Em geral, o professor realiza as mediações de ensino e, ao avaliar, remete apenas ao processo da escrita. Tal fato expõea dificuldade em realizar intervenções direcionadas ao processo de apropriação da leitura. Decorre disso privilegiar a reflexão sobre oficinas pedagógicas para a apropriação do SEA, realizadas com estudantes bolsistas PIBID e com docentes, nos dias de estudo e de assessoramento, assim como nas atividades de planejamento. Essas oficinas foram propostas pela coordenação pedagógica da escola, a partir da preocupação com os resultados insatisfatórios da aprendizagem. Consistiram em uma forma de contribuir para a articulação entre teoria e prática, indispensável à ação educativa dos estudantes bolsistas e das professoras colaboradoras. Visou-se, também, um incremento na qualidade das intervenções junto aos alunos da escola. Seus resultados incidiram nos projetos desenvolvidos pelos bolsistas PIBID.Avaliações de professores e pedagogos sobre as ações para a apropriação da leitura por aluno da EJA vêm mostrando ser o PIBID uma ação coerente e viável, pois vincula conteúdos trabalhados com a prática social, fundamentação teórica com práticas docentes.
Gut Microbiota and Cardiovascular Disease: Symbiosis Versus
Dysbiosis
Authors: Manolis Antonis A. , Manolis Theodora A. , Melita Helen , Manolis Antonis S.
Published: December 2021

:

The gut microbiome interacts with host physiology through various mechanisms,
including the cardiovascular (CV) system. A healthy microbiome has the ability
to process and digest complex carbohydrates into short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). These
SCFA function as signaling molecules, immune-modulating molecules, and energy
sources. However, when the microbiome is altered, it produces gut dysbiosis with overgrowth
of certain bacteria that may lead to overproduction of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO)
from the metabolism of phosphatidylcholine, choline, and carnitine; dysbiosis also
leads to increased intestinal permeability allowing the microbiome-derived
lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial endotoxin, to enter the blood circulation, triggering
inflammatory responses. An altered gastrointestinal (GI) tract environment and microbiome-
derived metabolites are associated with CV events. Disrupted content and function
of the microbiome leading to elevated TMAO and LPS levels, altered bile acid
metabolism pathways, and SCFA production are associated with an increased risk of CV
diseases (CVD), including atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, thrombosis, arrhythmias,
and stroke. Therapeutic interventions that may favorably influence a dysbiotic GI
tract profile and promote a healthy microbiome may benefit the CV system and lead to a
reduction of CVD incidence in certain situations. These issues are herein reviewed with a
focus on the spectrum of microbiota-related CVD, the mechanisms involved, and the potential
use of microbiome modification as a possible therapeutic intervention.
Comprehensive Review on Neuro-degenerative Type 3 DM
Authors: Chandarana Chandani V. , Roy Salona
Published: December 2021

:

According to research, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is considered a metabolic illness
caused by defective insulin signaling, insulin resistance, and low insulin levels in the brain. Type 3
diabetes has been postulated for AD because reduced insulin signaling has molecular and physiological
consequences that are comparable to type I and type 2 diabetes mellitus, respectively. The
similarities between type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease suggest that these clinical trials might
yield therapeutic benefits. However, it is important to note that lowering your risk of Alzheimer’s
dementia, whether you have diabetes or not, is still a multidimensional process involving factors
like exercise, smoking, alcohol, food, and mental challenges. The current aim is to show that the relationship
between T3D and AD is based on both the processing of amyloid-β (Aβ) precursor protein
toxicity and the clearance of Aβ, which are the results of impaired insulin signaling. The
brain’s metabolism, with its high lipid content and energy needs, places excess demands on mitochondria
and appears more susceptible to oxidative damage than the rest of the body. Current data
suggests that increased oxidative stress relates to amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology and the onset of AD.
Diagnostic Performance of Standard and Inverted Grey-Scale CXR in Detection
of Lung Lesions in COVID-19 Patients: A Single Institute Study in the Region of
Abu Dhabi
Authors: Al Helali Abeer A. , Kukkady Mohamed A. , Saeed Ghufran A. , Elholiby Tamer I. , Al Mansoori Rabab A. , Ahmed Luai A.
Published: December 2021

Purpose:

This study aimed at evaluating the diagnostic performance of standard greyscale and inverted greyscale Chest X-ray (CXR) using Computed
Tomography (CT) scan as a gold standard.

Methods:

In this retrospective study, electronic medical records of 120 patients who had valid CXR and High-resolution CT (HRCT) within less than 24
hours after having a positive COVID-19 RT-PCR test during the period from May 19th to May 23rd, 2020, in a single tertiary care center were
reviewed.

PA chest radiographs were presented on 2 occasions to 5 radiologists to evaluate the role and appropriateness of standard greyscale and inverted
greyscale chest radiographs (CXR) when images are viewed on high-specification viewing systems using a primary display monitor and compared
to computed tomography (CT) findings for screening and management of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients.

Results:

Ninety-six (80%) patients had positive CT findings, 81 (67.5%) had positive grey scale CXR lesions, and 25 (20.8%) had better detection in the
inverted grey scale CXR. The CXR sensitivity for COVID-19 pneumonia was 93.8% (95% CI (86.2% - 98.0%) and the specificity was 48.7%
(95% CI (32.4% - 65.2%). The CXR sensitivity of detecting lung lesions was slightly higher in male (95.1% (95% CI (86.3% - 99.0%)) than
female (90.0% (95% CI (68.3% - 98.8%)), while the specificity was 48.0% (95% CI (27.8% - 68.7%) and 50.0% (95% CI (23.0% - 77.0%) in
males and females, respectively. However, no significant difference was detected in ROC area between men and women.

Conclusion:

The sensitivity of detecting lung lesions of CXR was relatively high, particularly in men. The results of the study support the idea of considering
conventional radiographs as an important diagnostic tool in suspected COVID-19 patients, especially in healthcare facilities where there is no
access to HRCT scans.
CXR shows high sensitivity for detecting lung lesions in HRCT confirmed COVID-19 patients. Better detection of lesions was noted in the
inverted greyscale CXR in 20.8% of cases, with positive findings in standard greyscale CXR.
Conventional radiographs can be used as diagnostic tools in suspected COVID-19 patients, especially in healthcare facilities where there is no
access to HRCT scans.
Celastrus orbiculatus Extract Inhibits the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Process
by Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling Pathway in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Wang Haibo , Zhang Xiaochun , Liu Yanqing , Chu Zewen , Ou Shiya , Ni Tengyang , Dai Xiaojun
Published: December 2021

Background:

Gastric cancer is the fifth most common tumor and has the third-highest mortality rate among
various malignant tumors, and the survival rate of patients is low. Celastrus orbiculatus extract (COE) has been shown
to inhibit the activity of a variety of tumors. In this study, we examined the inhibition of the epithelial-mesenchymal
transition (EMT) process in gastric cancer cells by COE through the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling
pathway.

Methods:

COE was first diluted to various concentrations and then used to treat SGC-7901, BGC-823, MGC-803, and
AGS cells. Cell proliferation was assessed by an MTT (thiazole blue) assay. Transwell assays were used to assess cell
invasion and migration. The high-content imaging technology was used to further observe the effects of the drug on
cell invasion and migration. Western blotting was used to assess the effects of the drug on the expression of EMT and
Smad2/3 signaling pathway-related proteins.

Results:

We found that COE inhibited the migration and invasion of AGS gastric cancer cells in a dose-dependent
manner. Consequently, COE decreased the expression of EMT-related proteins and proteins related to the Smad2/3
signaling pathway in gastric cancer cells, inhibiting the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells, and this effect
occurred through the TGF-β signaling pathway.

We investigated that COE could inhibit the proliferation of gastric cancer cells and inhibit invasion and
metastasis by inhibiting the EMT process at the molecular level and its effect on the TGF-β signaling pathway.
Lessons from Ten Years’ the Prevalence of Congenital Rubella Syndrome
(CRS) in the Young Population Living in a Developing Country, Tehran;
Iran
Authors: Noorbakhsh Samileh , Vafaee-Shahi Mohammad , Tahernia Leila , Ashouri Sarvenaz , Riahi Aina
Published: December 2021

Background:

A safe and effective rubella vaccine is available and prescribed in IRAN.

Objective:

This is a survey of CRS cases collected based on WHO criteria one decade after the MR
vaccination campaign (2003)

Methods:

This Multi-stage prospective/cross-sectional study was carried out in three stages in 3 educational
hospitals in Tehran (Rasoul Aram, Akbar Abadi, and Firoozabadi), In the first stage of the study
between 2011 and 2012 total of 186 infants were evaluated, and in the second stage of the study, total
163 blood samples of infants with suspected INTRA UTERINE INFECTION were compared with a
group of healthy matched infants. In the first and second stages, Rubella immunity (IgG&IgM) in cord
blood was evaluated by the Eliza method.

Results:

Despite MR vaccination in Iran, after one decade"confirmed CRS" and " compatible CRS"
was diagnosed in 5 and 31 from 89 CRS suspected cases.

Conclusion:

The incidence of "confirmed CRS" in every 100 CRS suspected infants (after campaign)
is 5.6 %, and 31 CRS Compatible cases are so important. Without active CRS surveillance, mild infection
such as IUGR, hearing loss, heart abnormalities, impaired vision, and mental retardation even in
the developed country might be missed. Fetal infection is persistent, which imposes additional costs on
the country. Another mass vaccination in women and girls is needed. Also, the anti-rubella IgG testing
before pregnancy in women who were not vaccinated; vaccination of women before marriage
/pregnancy should be obligatory in order to prevent the CRS.
Measuring the impact of COVID-19 surveillance variables over the international oil market
Authors:   Department of Information Systems and Technology, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, et al. Alshdadi
Published: December 2021

Coronavirus (COVID-19) has turned to be an alarm for the whole world both in terms of health and economics. It is striking the global economy and increasing the unpredictability of the financial market in several ways. Significantly, the pandemic spread stimulated the social distancing which led to the lockdown of the countries’ businesses, financial markets, and daily life events. International oil markets have accommodated the crude oil prices during the early COVID-19 period. However, after the first 50 days, Saudi Arabia has surged the market with oil, which caused a certain decrease in crude oil prices, internationally. Saudi Arabia is one of the biggest oil reserves in the world. International trade is based on oil reservoirs which in turn, have been significantly dislodged by the pandemic. Therefore, it is crucial to study the impact of COVID-19 on the international oil market. The purpose of this study is to investigate the short-term and long-term impact of COVID-19 on the international oil market. The daily crude oil price data is used to analyze the impact of daily price fluctuation over COVID-19 surveillance variables. The correlation between surveillance variables and international crude oil prices is calculated and analyzed. Consequently, the project will help in stabilizing the expected world economic crises and particularly will provide the implications for the policymakers in the oil market.
Particular Characters in Heritage Tourism to Attract Visitors: A comparative study in Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Ginting Nurlisa , Rahman Nurinayat Vinky , Nasution Achmad Delianur , Wahid Julaihi
Published: December 2021

Sumatra is one of the provinces in Indonesia that has great heritage tourism potential. The existence of attractive cultural buildings and traditional transportation is the particular character of heritage tourism. Heritage tourism significant benefits the economy and quality of life by showing the particular character of local people and culture. ​This study was conducted to compare particular characters with similar heritage tourism in Sumatra using a concurrent mixed-method. This study indicates monumental historical buildings and traditional transportation with particular characters significantly attract tourists and influence their intention to visit and revisit.
Keywords: Heritage tourism; particular character; distinctiveness; attract visitors
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bsby e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i18.2995
One-Year Remission Rate of Chronic Headache Comparing Video and Face-to-Face Consultations by Neurologist: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bekkelund Svein Ivar , Müller Kai Ivar
Published: December 2021

Background

Chronic headache causing severe headache-related disability for those affected by the disease is under- or misdiagnosed in many cases and therefore requires easy access to a specialist for optimal health care management.

Objective

The goal of the research is to determine whether video consultations are noninferior to face-to-face consultations in treating chronic headache patients referred to a specialist in Northern Norway.

Methods

Patients included in the study were recruited from general practice referrals to a specialist at a neurological department in Northern Norway (Tromsø) and diagnosed according to the International Headache Society classification system. In a randomized controlled design, the 1-year remission rate of chronic headache (change from ≥15 to <15 headache days per month during the last 3 months), patient satisfaction with a specialist consultation, and need for follow-up consultations by general practitioners were compared between groups consulted by video and face-to-face in a post hoc analysis. Data were collected by interview (baseline) and questionnaire (follow-up).

Results

From a baseline cohort of 402 headache patients consecutively referred from general practice to a specialist over 2.5 years, 58.0% (233/402) were classified as chronic headache and included in this study. Response rates were 71.7% (86/120) in the video group and 67.3% (76/113) in the face-to-face group. One-year remission from chronic headache was achieved in 43.0% (37/86) in the video group and 39.5% (30/76) in the face-to-face group (P=.38). Patient satisfaction with consultations were 86.5% (32/37; video) and 93.3% (28/30; face-to-face; P=.25). A total of 30% (11/37) in the video group and 53% (16/30) in the face-to-face group consulted general practitioners during the follow-up period (P=.03), and median number of consultations was 1 (IQR 0-13) and 1.5 (IQR 0-15), respectively (P=.19).

Conclusions

One-year remission rate from chronic headache was about 40% regardless of consultation form. Likewise, patient satisfaction with consultation and need for follow-up visits in general practice post consultation was similar. Treating chronic headache patients by using video consultations is not inferior to face-to-face consultations and may be used in clinical neurological practice.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02270177; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02270177
Evaluating the Quality of Asynchronous Versus Synchronous Virtual Care in Patients With Erectile Dysfunction: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Broffman Lauren , Barnes Melynda , Stern Kevin , Westergren Amy
Published: December 2021

Background

Asynchronous health care encounters are becoming an increasingly mainstream form of telehealth. While synchronous phone or video visits have become more widely accepted, US policymakers and other key health care stakeholders have been hesitant to fully embrace asynchronous diagnosis and treatment. This is particularly true in the context of direct-to-consumer (DTC) platforms, where encounters are patient-initiated and there is no preestablished relationship with a provider. This hesitation is compounded by limited research comparing outcomes between asynchronous and synchronous care, especially in the DTC context.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to explore whether asynchronous care leads to different patient outcomes in the form of medication-related adverse events when compared to synchronous virtual care.

Methods

Using 10,000 randomly sampled patient records from a prominent US-based DTC platform, we analyzed the rates of patient-reported side effects from commonly prescribed erectile dysfunction medications and compared these rates across modalities of treatment.

Results

Asynchronous care resulted in lower but nonsignificant differences in the rates of the reported drug-related side effects compared to synchronous treatment.

Conclusions

In some circumstances, such as treatment for erectile dysfunction, asynchronous care can offer the same level of safety in prescribing when compared to synchronous care. More research is needed to evaluate the safety of asynchronous care across a wider set of conditions and measures.
Artificial Intelligence Education Programs for Health Care Professionals: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Charow Rebecca , Jeyakumar Tharshini , Younus Sarah , Dolatabadi Elham , Salhia Mohammad , Al-Mouaswas Dalia , Anderson Melanie , Balakumar Sarmini , Clare Megan , Dhalla Azra , Gillan Caitlin , Haghzare Shabnam , Jackson Ethan , Lalani Nadim , Mattson Jane , Peteanu Wanda , Tripp Tim , Waldorf Jacqueline , Williams Spencer , Tavares Walter , Wiljer David
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

As the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in health care increases, it will become increasingly crucial to involve health care professionals (HCPs) in developing, validating, and implementing AI-enabled technologies. However, because of a lack of AI literacy, most HCPs are not adequately prepared for this revolution. This is a significant barrier to adopting and implementing AI that will affect patients. In addition, the limited existing AI education programs face barriers to development and implementation at various levels of medical education.

OBJECTIVE

With a view to informing future AI education programs for HCPs, this scoping review aims to provide an overview of the types of current or past AI education programs that pertains to the programs’ curricular content, modes of delivery, critical implementation factors for education delivery, and outcomes used to assess the programs’ effectiveness.

METHODS

After the creation of a search strategy and keyword searches, a 2-stage screening process was conducted by 2 independent reviewers to determine study eligibility. When consensus was not reached, the conflict was resolved by consulting a third reviewer. This process consisted of a title and abstract scan and a full-text review. The articles were included if they discussed an actual training program or educational intervention, or a potential training program or educational intervention and the desired content to be covered, focused on AI, and were designed or intended for HCPs (at any stage of their career).

RESULTS

Of the 10,094 unique citations scanned, 41 (0.41%) studies relevant to our eligibility criteria were identified. Among the 41 included studies, 10 (24%) described 13 unique programs and 31 (76%) discussed recommended curricular content. The curricular content of the unique programs ranged from AI use, AI interpretation, and cultivating skills to explain results derived from AI algorithms. The curricular topics were categorized into three main domains: cognitive, psychomotor, and affective.

CONCLUSIONS

This review provides an overview of the current landscape of AI in medical education and highlights the skills and competencies required by HCPs to effectively use AI in enhancing the quality of care and optimizing patient outcomes. Future education efforts should focus on the development of regulatory strategies, a multidisciplinary approach to curriculum redesign, a competency-based curriculum, and patient-clinician interaction.

CLINICALTRIAL
Increasing Participation Rates in Germany’s Skin Cancer Screening Program (HELIOS): Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Steeb Theresa , Heppt Markus V , Erdmann Michael , Wessely Anja , Klug Stefanie J , Berking Carola
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

In 2008, a nationwide skin cancer screening (SCS) program was implemented in Germany. However, participation rates remain low.

OBJECTIVE

The overall objective of the HELIOS study is to identify subgroup-specific invitation and communication strategies to increase informed SCS participation in Germany.

METHODS

Focus group discussions will be performed in Erlangen, Germany, to explore potential invitation and communication strategies as well as possible barriers and motivating factors to participate in SCS. Male and female patients of different age groups who have already been diagnosed with skin cancer, as well as participants without a prior diagnosis of skin cancer, will be invited. Based on these results, an online questionnaire will be developed to identify subgroup-specific invitation strategies. A random sample of 2500 persons from the general population aged >35 years from the Munich area will be contacted to complete the questionnaire. Besides descriptive analysis, multinomial logistic regression will be performed. Additionally, a cluster analysis will be conducted to discover patterns or similarities among the participants.

RESULTS

Recruitment for the focus group studies started in February 2021 and is ongoing. As of August 2021, we have enrolled 39 participants. We expect to end enrollment in the qualitative study in September 2021 and to finish the analysis in December 2021. The second part of the study will then start in January 2022.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this project will enable us to derive improved and more efficient invitation and communication strategies for SCS. These may be implemented in the future to facilitate increased SCS uptake and early skin cancer detection.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/31860
Using Social Media in Health Care Research Should Proceed With Caution. Comment on “The Use of Social Media for Health Research Purposes: Scoping Review” (Preprint)
Authors: Girardi Abdias , Singh Nikhi Paul , Boyd Carter Joseph
Published: December 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

N/A
A Novel End-to-End Deep Learning Solution for Automatic Coronary Artery Segmentation from CCTA: Algorithm Development and Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Dong Caixia , Xu Songhua , Li Zongfang
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) plays a vital role in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases, among which automatic Coronary Artery Segmentation (CAS) serves as one of the most challenging tasks. To computationally assist the task, this paper proposes a novel DL solution.

OBJECTIVE

This study introduces an end-to-end novel deep learning-based (DL) solution for automatic CAS.

METHODS

Inspired by the Di-Vnet network, a fully automatic multistage DL solution is proposed. The new solution aims to preserve the integrity of blood vessels in terms of both their shape details and continuity. The solution is developed using 338 CCTA cases, among which 133 cases (33865 axial images) have their groundtruth cardiac masks pre-annotated and 205 cases (53365 axial images) have their groundtruth coronary artery (CA) masks pre-annotated. DSC and 95% HD scores are used to measure the solution’s accuracy in CAS.

RESULTS

The proposed solution attains (90.29±1.38) % in its DSC and (2.11±0.24) mm in its 95% HD respectively, which consumes 0.112 seconds per image and 30 seconds per case on average.

CONCLUSIONS

The proposed solution attains (90.29±1.38) % in its DSC and (2.11±0.24) mm in its 95% HD respectively, which consumes 0.112 seconds per image and 30 seconds per case on average.
Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation of Clove (Syzgium aromaticum) Stem Oil: Optimization and Chemical Constituents Analysis
Authors: Haqqyana Haqqyana , Altway Ali , Mahfud Mahfud
Published: December 2021

One of the extensively prosperous potential aromatic plants is the clove (Syzgium aromaticum). This is owing to all parts of this plant (bud, stem, and leaves) contain a decent amount of essential oils. The current study focuses on the use of microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MHD) in extracting clove stem essential oils. This study aims to obtain the best possible combination of operating parameters for a high yield of clove stem oil using response surface methodology. The current study adopted a face-centered central composite design to optimize the MHD operational parameters, including the feed-to-solvent ratio, microwave power, and extraction time. The observed data from the experiments were fitted to a reduced quadratic polynomial equation. The three operational parameters were shown to significantly affect the extraction yield of the clove stem oil (p  < 0.05), yet the statistical significance for the interaction between each parameter was considerably weak. Furthermore, the adjusted R2 value measured comparably to the corresponding R2 value with the difference below 0.2, implying a high correlation between experimental and model-predicted data. Thus, this result demonstrates the suitability of the model used in the experiment.
Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence for Immunoassay Applications
Authors: Rahmawati Isnaini , Irkham Irkham , Wibowo Rahmat , Gunlazuardi Jarnuzi , Einaga Yasuaki , Ivandini Tribidasari Anggraningrum
Published: December 2021

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) has recently become one of the most prominent and well-established transducers for immunoassay techniques. ECL relates a luminophore concentration in solution with the emission of light triggered by an electrochemical stimulus. ECL immunoassay (ECLIA) performance depends on the parameters of its light generation, including the luminophore, the species that emit light called labels in ECLIA; co-reactants, which are added reagents that support the luminophore to undergo the excited state; electrodes, which are the place for the ECL reactions to take place; and the format of the immunoassay. This review discusses the behaviour of ECLIA parameters, the required instrumentations, and some important examples of detections based on ECLIA.
Synthesis, Characterization and Theoretical Studies of New Organotellurium Compounds Based on (4-(((1S,E)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ylidene)amino)phenyl)mercury(II) Chloride
Authors: Hussain Al-Saadawy Nuha
Published: December 2021

The current study aimed to prepare new organomercury and organotellurium compounds based on the condensation reaction of 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one (camphor) and p-aminophenyl mercuric(II) chloride. All the prepared compounds were characterized using different methods such as infrared spectrum, nuclear magnetic resonance, and CHN analysis. The analysis results concurred with the suggested chemical structures of the prepared compounds. Density functional theory has been applied with the basis set 3-21G to investigate the molecular structure of the prepared organotellurium compounds. Geometrical structure, HOMO surfaces, LUMO surfaces, and energy gap have been produced throughout the geometry optimization. The molecular geometry and contours for organotellurium compounds have been investigated throughout the geometrical optimization. Also, the donor and acceptor have been studied by comparing the HOMO energies of the prepared organotellurium compounds. Finally, the electronegativity, electrophilicity, ionization potential, electron affinity, and lower case of organotellurium compounds have been calculated and discussed.
Synthesis, Spectroscopic, and Photophysical Studies of Phosphorescent Bis(2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridine)Iridium(III) Complex Containing Derivative of 1H-1,2,4-Triazole Anchillary Ligand
Authors: Bain Nurul Husna As Saedah , Ali Noorshida Mohd , Juahir Yusnita , Hashim Norhayati , Md Isa Illyas , Mohamed Azmi , Kamari Azlan , Mohd Yamin Bohari
Published: December 2021

A cationic complex of iridium(III), [Ir(2,4-F2ppy)2(F2bpyta)]PF6 utilizing 1,2,4-triazolepyridyl as an anchillary ligand modified with a 2,6-difluorobenzyl substituent was synthesized and characterized. The aromatic signals of pyridyltriazole and phenylpyridine proton were detected in the 1H-NMR spectrum between 10.00 and 7.00 ppm. Only one singlet peak was detected at 8.46 ppm H(8) shifted to the upfield, demonstrating that C5 was coordinated to the central iridium metal. The bands exhibited in the range of 1555–1431 cm–1 in the IR spectrum because of the C=C and C=N aromatic rings stretching pyridine, phenyl, and triazole vibrations. The UV-Vis absorption spectrum showed a slight and broad absorbance peak at lower energy at a lmax = 371 nm (e = 6129 M−1 cm−1) in the visible range due to 1MLCT and 3MLCT transitions. Blue emission was observed in the steady-state emission spectral of [Ir(2,4-F2ppy)2(F2bpyta)]PF6 and the other two previously synthesized iridium(III) complexes in CH2Cl2 solutions (air-equilibrated) at room temperature. The spectrum of luminescence for the [Ir(2,4-F2ppy)2(F2bpyta)]PF6 (lem = 461 nm) is blue-shifted when compared to the [Ir(2,4-F2ppy)2(hpyta)]PF6 (lem = 469 nm), but red-shifted when related to the [Ir(2,4-F2ppy)2(mbpyta)]PF6 (lem = 454 nm).
An Electrochemical Aptasensor for the Detection of HER2 as a Breast Cancer Biomarker Based on Gold Nanoparticles-Aptamer Bioconjugates
Authors: Hartati Yeni Wahyuni , Syahruni Sari , Gaffar Shabarni , Wyantuti Santhy , Yusuf Muhammad , Subroto Toto
Published: December 2021

Inaccurate diagnoses contributes to the high mortality rate of breast cancer. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in breast cancer tumors at around 20–30%. This study aims to develop an electrochemical biosensor for HER2 based on a gold nanoparticle-aptamer bioconjugate (AuNP@HER2 aptamer) and investigate the interaction between DNA aptamer and HER2 using computational methods. The bioconjugate was synthesized using maleimide and polyethylene glycol as a linker. The –NH2 group of cysteamine that modified the gold electrode can form a covalent bond with the bioconjugate maleimide. The interaction of the bioconjugated aptamer with HER2 was measured electrochemically based on the [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− redox system. The limit of detection, the linear range of HER2, precision, and accuracy in this study were 1.52 ng mL–1, 0.01 to 15.0 ng mL–1, 0.1298, and 94.06%, respectively. The structure of the DNA aptamer was modeled using mFold, Assemble2, and Chimera, with the interaction between the DNA aptamer and HER2 explored by NPDock. The modeling of the aptamer with HER2 showed that electrostatic interactions dominated the attractive forces. The resulting interaction pattern can be used as a template to improve the binding energy of the aptamer, thus providing insight into the development of aptamer-based biosensors.
“Ingratos hijos de Sonora”. Conflicto entre la Iglesia y el Estado en una entidad del noroeste mexicano, 1926-1929
Authors: Cejudo Ramos Elizabeth
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: analizar la experiencia sonorense en el marco del conflicto entre la Iglesia y el Estado que ocurrió en México entre 1926 y 1929. Metodología: análisis de documentación contenida en acervos históricos locales, nacionales e internacionales con el fin de reconstruir el proceso sonorense a través de la identificación de actores, estrategias y circunstancias sociopolíticas en el periodo de estudio. Resultados: la investigación permitió caracterizar de pasiva la resistencia de la comunidad católica, expresada a través de cartas a las autoridades, contrabando de propaganda religiosa, distribución de volantes en defensa de la libertad religiosa y apoyo al boicot económico promovido por la Liga Nacional de la Defensa Religiosa. También se aborda el exilio del obispo Juan Navarrete y Guerrero en Estados Unidos y su participación en los arreglos firmados entre el Estado mexicano y la Santa Sede. Valor: el artículo reconstruye la expresión local de un conflicto heterogéneo que se manifestó de forma desigual en el país y presenta al laicado como actor central en el proceso. Así mismo aborda diferentes estrategias de resistencia por parte de la comunidad católica, definidas por la dinámica nacional y las especificidades de la región. Conclusiones: el conflicto religioso en Sonora entre 1926 y 1929 se caracterizó por la centralidad del activismo femenino en la movilización del laicado y por la elección de vías pacíficas para expresar inconformidades, lo cual estuvo enmarcado por la notable influencia del obispo y por el aprovechamiento de la frontera con Estados Unidos como espacio estratégico para la resistencia católica.