bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electron Preacceleration at Weak Quasi-perpendicular Intracluster Shocks: Effects of Preexisting Nonthermal Electrons
Authors: Ha Ji-Hoon , Ryu Dongsu , Kang Hyesung , Kim Sunjung
Published: January 2022

Radio relics in the outskirts of galaxy clusters imply the diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) of electrons at merger-driven shocks with Mach number M

s
≲ 3–4 in the intracluster medium (ICM). Recent studies have suggested that electron preacceleration and injection, prerequisite steps for DSA, could occur at supercritical shocks with M

s
≳ 2.3 in the ICM, thanks to the generation of multiscale waves by microinstabilities such as the Alfvén ion cyclotron (AIC) instability, the electron firehose instability (EFI), and the whistler instability (WI). On the other hand, some relics are observed to have subcritical shocks with M

s
≲ 2.3, leaving DSA at such weak shocks as an outstanding problem. Reacceleration of preexisting nonthermal electrons has been contemplated as one of possible solutions for that puzzle. To explore this idea, we perform particle-in-cell simulations for weak quasi-perpendicular shocks in high-β (β = P
gas/P

B
) plasmas with power-law suprathermal electrons in addition to Maxwellian thermal electrons. We find that suprathermal electrons enhance the excitation of electron-scale waves via the EFI and WI. However, they do not affect the ion reflection and the ensuing generation of ion-scale waves via the AIC instability. The presence of ion-scale waves is the key for the preacceleration of electrons up to the injection momentum; thus, the shock criticality condition for electron injection to DSA is preserved. Based on the results, we conclude that preexisting nonthermal electrons in the preshock region alone would not resolve the issue of electron preacceleration at subcritical ICM shocks.
Changing-look Event in NGC 3516: Continuum or Obscuration Variability?
Authors: Mehdipour Missagh , Kriss Gerard A. , Brenneman Laura W. , Costantini Elisa , Kaastra Jelle S. , Branduardi-Raymont Graziella , Di Gesu Laura , Ebrero Jacobo , Mao Junjie
Published: January 2022

The Seyfert-1 galaxy NGC 3516 has undergone major spectral changes in recent years. In 2017 we obtained Chandra, NuSTAR, and Swift observations during its new low-flux state. Using these observations, we model the spectral energy distribution (SED) and the intrinsic X-ray absorption, and compare the results with those from historical observations taken in 2006. We thereby investigate the effects of the changing-look phenomenon on the accretion-powered radiation and the ionized outflows. Compared to its normal high-flux state in 2006, the intrinsic bolometric luminosity of NGC 3516 was lower by a factor of 4–8 during 2017. Our SED modeling shows a significant decline in the luminosity of all the continuum components from the accretion disk and the X-ray source. As a consequence, the reprocessed X-ray emission lines have also become fainter. The Swift monitoring of NGC 3516 shows remarkable X-ray spectral variability on short (weeks) and long (years) timescales. We investigate whether this variability is driven by obscuration or the intrinsic continuum. We find that the new low-flux spectrum of NGC 3516, and its variability, do not require any new or variable obscuration, and instead can be explained by changes in the ionizing SED that result in the lowering of the ionization of the warm-absorber outflows. This in turn induces enhanced X-ray absorption by the warm-absorber outflows, mimicking the presence of new obscuring gas. Using the response of the ionized regions to the SED changes, we place constraints on their densities and locations.
The Disk Veiling Effect of the Black Hole Low-mass X-Ray Binary A0620-00*
Authors: Zheng Wan-Min , Wu Qiaoya , Wu Jianfeng , Wang Song , Sun Mouyuan , Guo Jing , Liu Junhui , Yi Tuan , Zhang Zhi-Xiang , Gu Wei-Min , Wang Junfeng , Gou Lijun , Liu Jifeng , Callanan Paul J. , Ho Luis C. , Longa-Peña Penélope , Orosz Jerome A. , Reynolds Mark T.
Published: January 2022

The optical light curves of quiescent black hole low-mass X-ray binaries often exhibit significant nonellipsoidal variabilities, showing the photospheric radiation of the companion star is veiled by other sources of optical emission. Assessing this “veiling” effect is critical to the black hole mass measurement. Here in this work, we carry out a strictly simultaneous spectroscopic and photometric campaign on the prototype of black hole low-mass X-ray binary A0620-00. We find that for each observation epoch, the extra optical flux beyond a pure ellipsoidal modulation is positively correlated with the fraction of veiling emission, indicating the accretion disk contributes most of the nonellipsoidal variations. Meanwhile, we also obtain a K2V spectral classification of the companion, as well as the measurements of the companion’s rotational velocity

v
sin
i
=
83.8
±
1.9

km s−1 and the mass ratio between the companion and the black hole q = 0.063 ± 0.004.
KILLER ROBOTS AND ARMED FORCES TRANSFORMATION FOR THE ROBOTIC ERA
Authors: Demir Kadir Alpaslan
Published: January 2022

Killer robots or lethal autonomous weapon systems (LAWS) have been the focus of an ongoing debate. In due time, wars will be fought with a military force including human warriors, drones, and robot warriors. In this study, we discuss armed forces transformation issues for the robotic era. Furthermore, we present a basic model outlining the transformation process. Finally, we provide a set of recommendations to policymakers and military officials for managing the transformation of armed forces for the robotic era.
CALLS FOR JIHAD IN A CZECH MOSQUE
Authors: Černý Karel , Stehlíková Jiřina
Published: January 2022

The paper uncovers how the Czech Muslim community leaders interpret meaning of jihad, and focuses on the question how to deal with a possible radical inside their ranks. It is based on interviews and qualitative methodology. Two interpretations of jihad have been identified: a narrow one focusing on a violent aspect of the concept, and a broad one focusing on non-violent ones. There are two competing narrations regarding the question if there is any authority legitimate to issue jihad, however there is a tendency to see a defensive jihad as a legitimate one.
Primary Prevention of Neglect in Children through Health Education for Adolescent Girls in West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Neherta Meri , Nurdin Yonrizal
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: High cases of stunting in toddlers require an effective and efficient primary prevention model. One of the efforts that can be done is to increase the knowledge of female adolescents to prevent anemia.

AIM: The aim of the study was to produce a model that can be used as primary prevention of stunting in children.

METHODS: Pre-test-Post-test Group Design. This research was conducted from March to November 2019 in Talamau District, West Pasaman Regency, involving 370 female adolescents as respondents. The intervention was carried out 3 times, followed by four separate evaluations. The intervention consists of engaging the respondents with various learning activities such as interactive lectures, group discussions, video screenings, messages through WhatsApp, and demonstrations. Data analysis was performed using GLM repeated measure.

RESULTS: Health education interventions on anemia prevention can improve knowledge and attitudes among female adolescents; anemia prevention got a p-value of 0.00.

CONCLUSION: The primary prevention model of stunting can increase knowledge and attitudes in female adolescents. It is recommended that parents, teachers, and health workers jointly provide health education regularly to prevent anemia so that stunting cases in toddlers no longer exist.
A systematic literature review of the representations of migration in Brazil and the United Kingdom
Authors: Gonçalves Isabella , David Yossi
Published: January 2022

In recent decades, increased scholarly attention has been paid to the interactions between immigration, media coverage, framing, and the rise of populism. This paper draws on these interactions to systematically review peer-reviewed articles related to media representations of immigrants and refugees in Brazil and the United Kingdom (UK). The objective was to identify the tone used in such representations and the research methods applied in the articles. This is the first systematic literature review that compares studies on media and immigration including both Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) and non-WEIRD countries. This paper uses Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) to collect, map, and systematize 47 peer-reviewed articles published in the past two decades. The findings show that, in the studies we analyzed, the tone of representation of refugees in the media in both countries is negative. Mass media underrepresent the main actors and use stereotypes and discourses of otherization. This paper contributes to our understanding of the differences between studies, including those conducted in the UK and Brazil, and calls for more comparative studies that include countries from the global south and global north. It also demonstrates the standardization of frames and tone of representation on immigration in both countries, suggesting similar patterns across different countries.

En las últimas décadas, se ha prestado una mayor atención académica a las interacciones entre la inmigración, la cobertura de los medios de comunicación, los tipos de encuadres y el aumento del populismo. Este trabajo revisa sistemáticamente un grupo de artículos revisados por pares cuya temática son las representaciones mediáticas de los inmigrantes y los refugiados en Brasil y el Reino Unido con el fin de identificar el tono de dichas representaciones y los métodos de investigación utilizados. Esta es la primera revisión bibliográfica sistemática que compara estudios sobre los medios de comunicación y la inmigración que incluye una muestra de países del sur y del norte global. Este trabajo utiliza las directrices de PRISMA para recopilar, mapear y sistematizar 47 artículos revisados por pares y publicados en las últimas dos décadas. Encontramos tres tipos de tonos en los medios de comunicación analizados en los estudios de ambos países, ordenados aquí de mayor a menor frecuencia: negativo, neutro y positivo. Los medios de comunicación infrarrepresentan a los principales actores y utilizan estereotipos y discursos que trazan una frontera entre nosotros/as y los/as otros/as. Este trabajo contribuye a nuestra comprensión de las diferencias entre los estudios realizados en el Reino Unido y Brasil, y reclama más estudios comparativos que incluyan países del sur y del norte global. También demuestra la existencia de patrones de representación similares en ambos países.
Le management stratégique comme clé de lecture du développement des projets de territoire
Authors: Régent Benoît , Favre-Bonté Véronique , Da Fonseca Marie
Published: January 2022

Une logique de rivalité croissante s’inscrit entre les territoires qui sont amenés à devenir plus attractifs et plus compétitifs. Cette logique de compétition conduit les décideurs publics à mettre en place des stratégies et à développer des projets de territoire. Le développement de ces projets de territoire interroge sur les cadres conceptuels mobilisables pour appréhender les actions des parties prenantes du territoire. Dans cette perspective, un cadre d’analyse de la stratégie développée à l’échelle des territoires est proposé. L’originalité de cet article est de transposer au niveau territorial des cadres théoriques issus du management stratégique pour comprendre le développement d’un projet de territoire, projet qui peut représenter aujourd’hui un enjeu majeur de leur attractivité.
L’imaginaire territorial : un concept latent éphémère
Authors: Seloudre Jean Paul , Sempé Laurent
Published: January 2022

Ce travail s’inscrit dans le cadre d’un modèle de communication globale, qui utilise le concept latent réflexif de pertinence du modèle de publicité de Smith et Mac Kenzy. Nous utilisons un modèle à variables latentes sur la base des concepts de pertinence du patrimoine, de créativité perçue d’une communication, et authenticité perçue du territoire. Une matrice importance / performance (IPMA) est utilisée pour comprendre les causalités du modèle latent. Nous montrons que le jugement de pertinence du touriste, pour évaluer son expérience patrimoniale et touristique, n’est pas stable dans le temps. Chaque touriste accepte, consciemment, de jouer le jeu expérientiel. À la moindre dissonance perçue, il peut opposer sa défiance et reconstruire, ou pas, un imaginaire patrimonial et territorial. Le lien pertinence sur authenticité et créativité est nettement positif. On montre également que la complexité perçue d’une communication impacte négativement l’authenticité perçue du territoire. Les problèmes de discontinuités du sens territorial, sont ainsi confirmés.
La disgrâce de Nicolas Bourriaud. La figure du « leader créatif » et les critères de légitimité dans le monde de l’art
Authors: Riot Elen
Published: January 2022

Nicolas Bourriaud orchestra sa cérémonie de départ de l’école des Beaux-Arts de Paris après son renvoi ad nutum par la Ministre de la Culture. Il en fit un spectacle parodique devant son bureau à l’Académie des Beaux-Arts, scène à laquelle nous assistâmes. Nous revenons sur cet épisode afin de mieux comprendre les circonstances qui précédèrent cet ultime éclat et ce qui s’ensuivit au sein de l’institution et du monde de l’art. Afin de mieux saisir les enjeux, nous identifions un rôle, celui du « leader créatif » supposé remplir la mission de directions d’institutions culturelles et artistiques aujourd’hui. Force est de constater que les attentes des multiples parties prenantes, s’ajoutant à celles de la tutelle publique, ne laissent pas de compliquer la tâche de l’heureux élu. Faut-il alors, pour le leader créatif, privilégier les projets de développement ou bien la recherche de financements complémentaires pour colmater les murs de l’école ? Faut-il privilégier l’urgence du changement ou le temps long de structures qui se transformeraient à bas bruit dans le grand bain d’un environnement-monde ? Il semble qu’il faille faire tout cela, oui, et en même temps. Or, les contradictions ne manquent pas quand il s’agit d’envisager ces présents changements au regard du passé et de l’avenir. Nous cherchons donc, dans ce texte, à comprendre le processus de légitimation et de délégitimation du « leader créatif » et ce que cela implique pour le monde de l’art et les artistes notamment dans le cadre
L’approche esthétique au service de la formulation de la stratégie organisationnelle : l’exemple d’une Université française
Authors: Ivanaj Vera , Berger-Douce Sandrine
Published: January 2022

Cet article explore la manière dont l’approche esthétique contribue à enrichir la formulation de la stratégie en sortant des sentiers battus, répondant aux récents appels à l’introduction de davantage de « sensibilité » dans le champ du management stratégique pour contrer la domination de la rationalité et du positivisme. Face à l’omniprésence de l’incertitude dans les organisations, celles-ci sont en quête de démarches innovantes pour penser le changement. A ce titre, les méthodes inspirées de l’art semblent particulièrement pertinentes. C’est pourquoi, une recherche-intervention par intervention artistique menée par l’un des auteurs auprès d’une université française pluridisciplinaire sert de terrain d’investigation pour questionner les apports potentiels d’une approche esthétique au service de la formulation de la stratégie d’une catégorie spécifique d’organisations, en l’occurrence les universités. Depuis plusieurs décennies, les recherches soulignent le caractère atypique des universités s’agissant de leur rapport à la stratégie, alors que ces institutions sont désormais confrontées à des injonctions paradoxales leur imposant de se réinventer pour relever les défis de la compétition mondiale. Notre étude met en évidence l’apport de l’approche esthétique tant au niveau des caractéristiques du processus de décision stratégique qu’au niveau des résultats de ce processus. La formulation de la stratégie semble être facilitée par l’intégration de processus cognitifs, émotionnels et corporels qui stimulent la créativité et conduisent à une compréhension intuitive et imaginative du sens de la stratégie et de sa complexité. Cette compréhension apporte satisfaction et motivation, mais aussi des changements de comportements et de valeurs aux niveaux individuel et organisationnel grâce au pouvoir évocateur de la métaphore et à l’énergie stimulante du dessin et de la peinture.
Ars longa, vita brevis . Les paradoxes organisationnels au prisme du street art
Authors: Aubouin Nicolas , Le Chaffotec Alexandra , Koskievic Jean-Max , Tarby Clémence
Published: January 2022

L’objectif de cet article est de renouveler le dialogue entre art et organisation en mettant en lumière le rôle du street art comme révélateur des tensions organisationnelles et de ses paradoxes. Pour comprendre le rôle d’artefact organisationnel d’une œuvre de street art, nous l’analysons en tant que pratique artistique intégrée dans un processus d’institutionnalisation qui met en tension quatre dimensions clés de l’analyse organisationnelle : éphémère/pérenne ; visible/invisible ; individuel/collectif ; improvisation/routines. Ces dimensions font alors écho à quatre logiques paradoxales de l’organisation (Smith & Lewis, 2011) que nous mettons en évidence autour des enjeux de l’apprentissage, de l’appartenance, de la gestion et de l’exécution. Aussi, en partant plus spécifiquement du travail du street artiste Invader, et notamment de son œuvre « Dr House », nous révélons les tensions « à l’œuvre » et « en œuvre » dans les organisations, ce qui nous permet de mettre en lumière trois dimensions clés de l’œuvre comme artefact pédagogique, moteur de l’action managériale et moteur de la méthodologie de recherche en sciences de gestion. Ce travail suggère finalement une meilleure compréhension du déclenchement des paradoxes et de l’accompagnement de la gestion des paradoxes dans les organisations.
Éducation, culture et citoyenneté : retour d’expérience sur un dispositif singulier, conduit durant sept ans auprès d’étudiants du Master Enseignement à l’Université catholique de Lyon
Authors: Bouvier-Müh Christine
Published: January 2022

Nous témoignons ici d’une expérience pédagogique articulant recherche, initiation et professionnalisation, conduite durant sept ans au sein de l’UCLy auprès d’étudiants inscrits en deuxième année de Master MEEF second degré, en philosophie et en lettres modernes, n’ayant pas obtenu le concours d’enseignement (CAPES ou CAFEP). Ce dispositif a été conçu afin de permettre aux étudiants encore indécis dans leur désir d’enseigner ou éprouvés par un échec, d’engager leurs pas dans une démarche d’approfondissement de leur projet professionnel. Il a souvent été vécu a posteriori par les participants comme un espace de dialogue et de respiration, soit un temps privilégié permettant d’élaborer pour soi-même et au sein d’un groupe restreint des attentes et vécus d’expérience nécessitant d’être mis au travail, parlés et entendus dans la perspective d’une transformation féconde du sujet.
Carbon Accounting: A Systematic Literature Review and Directions for Future Research
Authors: Marlowe Jillene ,   Memorial University of Newfoundland, Grenfell Campus, Newfoundland, Canada, Clarke Amelia ,   University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Published: January 2022

Carbon accounting is an evolving approach to support decision-making for climate action and reporting of progress. This systematic literature review of 27 journal articles in the field of carbon accounting provides an overview of the current state of the field. It illustrates the lack of transparency, reliability, and comparability within current measurement systems; the lack of research on how greenhouse gas inventories are linked to monitoring, decision-making, reporting and disclosure systems; and the role of the accounting profession. Based on the findings, we provide a summary of where research gaps exist and thus suggestions for future research directions.
Nonlinear saturation controller simulation for reducing the high vibrations of a dynamical system
Authors: Bauomy Hany ,   Department of Mathematics, College of Arts and Science in Wadi Addawasir, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 54, Wadi Addawasir 11991, Saudi Arabia, Taha Ashraf ,   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt,   Department of Basic Sciences, Modern Academy for Engineering and Technology, El-Hadaba El-Wosta, Elmokattam 11585, Egypt
Published: January 2022

This paper studies the nonlinear vibrating behaviour of a nonlinear cantilever beam system (primary system) using a nonlinear absorber (the secondary system). The nonlinear vibrating behavior for the present dynamical system is considered with the effect of the external force. The one controller type, nonlinear saturation controller (NSC), is introduced to decrease the vibration of this system. Perturbation method treatment is produced to get the mathematical solution of the equations for the dynamical modeling with NSC. The perturbation technique is used to obtain the approximate solution of the dynamical system. This research focuses on resonance case with primary and 1:2 internal resonance. Time histories of the primary system and the controller are shown to demonstrate the reaction with and without control. The time-history response, as well as the impacts of the parameters on the system and controller, are simulated numerically using the MATLAB program. Routh-Hurwitz criterion is used to examine the stability of the system under primary resonance. A numerical simulation, using the MATLAB program, is obtained to show the time-history response, the effect of the parameters on the system and the controller. The effects of system parameters on the performance of the primary system and the controller are investigated. A comparison between all the obtained solutions made to confirm the results. Validation curves are provided to show how closely the perturbation and numerical solutions are related. A comparison is made with recently released papers.
Iterative shepherding control for agents with heterogeneous responsivity
Authors: Himo Ryoto ,   Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1–5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565–0871, Japan, Ogura Masaki , Wakamiya Naoki
Published: January 2022

In the context of the theory of multi-agent systems, the shepherding problem refers to designing the dynamics of a herding agent, called a sheepdog, so that a given flock of agents, called sheep, is guided into a goal region. Although several effective methodologies and algorithms have been proposed in the last decade for the shepherding problem under various formulations, little research has been directed to the practically important case in which the flock contains sheep agents unresponsive to the sheepdog agent. To fill in this gap, we propose a sheepdog algorithm for guiding unresponsive sheep in this paper. In the algorithm, the sheepdog iteratively applies an existing shepherding algorithm, the farthest-agent targeting algorithm, while dynamically switching its destination. This procedure achieves the incremental growth of a controllable flock, which finally enables the sheepdog to guide the entire flock into the goal region. Furthermore, we illustrate by numerical simulations that the proposed algorithm can outperform the farthest-agent targeting algorithm.
Some comparison results and a partial bang-bang property for two-phases problems in balls
Authors: Mazari Idriss ,   CEREMADE, UMR CNRS 7534, Université Paris-Dauphine, Université PSL, Place du Maréchal De Lattre De Tassigny, 75775 Paris cedex 16, France
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we present two type of contributions to the study of two-phases problems. In such problems, the main focus is on optimising a diffusion function $ a $ under $ L^\infty $ and $ L^1 $ constraints, this function $ a $ appearing in a diffusive term of the form $ -{{\nabla}} \cdot(a{{\nabla}}) $ in the model, in order to maximise a certain criterion. We provide a parabolic Talenti inequality and a partial bang-bang property in radial geometries for a general class of elliptic optimisation problems: namely, if a radial solution exists, then it must saturate, at almost every point, the $ L^\infty $ constraints defining the admissible class. This is done using an oscillatory method.
APRESENTANDO A TRAJETÓRIA DE BRUNO FERREIRA
Authors: Ferreira Bruno , Damasceno Maira , Pereira dos Santos Marques Dias Paula Regina
Published: January 2022

Apresentação da trajetória educacional do coordenador desse dossiê, o intelectual Kanhgág Bruno Ferreira.
Desde los márgenes de la sociedad al parlamento. evangélicos y política en Brasil, Argentina y Uruguay
Authors: Arocena Felipe , Sotelo María Victoria
Published: January 2022

En este trabajo se analiza el avance de las confesiones evangélicas en el escenario religioso latinoamericano y cómo esta progresión se manifiesta en la arena política de tres países. Se abordan las relaciones cambiantes entre evangélicos y política en Brasil, Argentina y Uruguay, y se prueba que, a pesar de las enormes diferencias entre estos, hay claramente similitudes en las agendas políticas que los evangélicos apoyan. En los tres países, los evangélicos han impulsado una agenda provida y profamilia en alianza con los católicos. Se concluye que en Brasil las iglesias evangélicas adoptan candidaturas oficiales (“Políticos de Cristo”) que promocionan entre sus fieles y se advierte la presencia simultánea de partidos evangélicos, frentes evangélicos y facciones evangélicas, mientras que en Argentina y en Uruguay los evangélicos poseen una participación dentro de partidos políticos bien establecidos.
Milagros e intervenciones divinas en la poesía épica sobre la guerra de Arauco en el siglo XVI
Authors: Huidobro Salazar María Gabriela
Published: January 2022

El presente artículo analiza los pasajes de los poemas épicos sobre la guerra de Arauco en el siglo XVI que se centran en la descripción de milagros o de intervenciones divinas –católicas o paganas–, a partir de los cuales se interpreta parte del acontecer de dicho conflicto. Desde una perspectiva histórico cultural, se hace una revisión que propone un análisis intertextual e interpretativo, que busca comprender dichos pasajes como tópicos que permitieron a los autores ofrecer una representación valorativa de la guerra, según el contexto histórico y sus particulares experiencias y miradas sobre el conflicto. Para ello, el análisis distingue dos momentos de producción de estos poemas, cuyo carácter incidió en el rol discursivo que los milagros e intervenciones divinas adquirieron para la narración de esta guerra.
Espacio público, sociedad civil y creencias religiosas: origen y filiaciones del frente nacional por la familia (fnf) en México
Authors: Pedroza Gallegos Blanca Imelda , Patiño López María Eugenia , Velázquez Lacoste Pilar
Published: January 2022

En este trabajo se pretende reconstruir el proceso sociopolítico que dio origen al Frente Nacional por la Familia (FNF) en México, el cual está conformado por una amplia gama de organizaciones civiles que buscan incidir en la definición de las relaciones humanas, en particular de aquellas vinculadas a la concepción de familia, a partir de una posición conservadora respecto de los valores y las leyes. Se considera importante comprender las causas de su configuración en el contexto nacional, sus filiaciones religiosas y las estrategias de acción que despliega para incidir en la vida pública, no obstante el carácter oficialmente laico del Estado mexicano.
Paro migrante en Argentina: el trabajo como subjetividad política
Authors: Rho María Gabriela
Published: January 2022

El objetivo del artículo es indagar la forma en que emerge y lugar que ocupa el trabajo como figura predominante de los procesos de subjetivación política de  luchas migrantes que se configuraron en Argentina a partir de 2016. Para esto, se utilizó una metodología cualitativa que combinó el análisis documental, el registro de campo y entrevistas en profundidad. La sistematización y análisis de la información permite plantear que posicionarse –por parte de los migrantes– como trabajadores fue una estrategia defensiva para enfrentar los discursos y las prácticas estatales criminalizantes de la migración, a la vez que constituyó una forma de disputar las representaciones dominantes que pretendían victimizarlos y anularlos políticamente. Reconocerse como trabajadores se convirtió en una manera desde donde los migrantes se constituyeron como sujetos políticos, a partir de un doble movimiento de visibilización y fuga. Es decir, en la producción de subjetividad política vinculada al trabajo se registra una tensión entre la búsqueda de reconocimiento y de contabilización de los trabajos realizados por los migrantes, al mismo tiempo que se pretende revelar y rechazar las prácticas y políticas migratorias que buscan invisibilizarlos políticamente e intentan producir formas diferenciales y jerarquizadas de explotación de la mano de obra migrante.
Aspetti civilistici e penalistici della maternità su commissione
Authors: Caporale Maria
Published: January 2022

L'articolo esamina i riflessi giuridici in campo civile e penale del fenomeno della "maternità su commissione" affrontando il problema della frontiera etica del progresso scientifico. L'Autrice individua i rischi connessi all'insorgere di tali pratiche "sostitutive"descrivendo una molteplicità di situazioni limite: la frammentazione delle funzioni della maternità (ovulazione, gestazione, educazione) che tecnicamente possono essere ricondotte a soggetti diversi; il conseguente smarrimento dell'identità materna; l'enfatizzazione di un presunto diritto del singolo alla procreazione; il sacrificio-distruzione di embrioni superflui; i danni psico-sociali connessi alla frantumazione delle strutture parentali e dei modelli di genitorialità socialmente consolidati; la destrutturazione deii'ordine giuridico che compromette l'identità certa del soggetto. Molte le questioni poste all'attenzione del giurista: dalla definizione di uno statuto per l'embrione, alla tutela di beni essenziali quali l'unità familiare, alla salvaguardia del valore della procreazione, alla liceità dei mezzi e dei fini che caratterizzano le applicazioni in campo scientifico. Le considerazioni svolte trovano un sostegno culturale e giuridico in numerose leggi, Convenzioni e Dichiarazioni sia nazionali che sovranazionali. L'Autrice analizza poi brevemente le soluzioni legislative offerte dai diversi Paesi alla luce di principi internazionali. Emerge l'esigenza della formulazione di una disciplina globale del diritto alla vita prenatale, di una regolamentazione organica di tipo penalistico di beni essenziali e la predisposizione di adeguate garanzie al fine di tutelare un'ampia serie di beni complementari, con specificazioni rispetto a particolari questioni tecniche.
Petrographic, fluid inclusion, and secondary ion mass spectrometry stable isotopic (O, S) study of
Mississippi Valley-type mineralization in British Columbia and Alberta
Authors: Kontak D J , Paradis S , Waller Z , Fayek M
Published: January 2022

A comprehensive study of Mississippi Valley-type base-metal deposits across the Canadian Cordillera was done to compare and contrast their features. Extensive dissolution of host rocks is followed by multiple generations of dolomite cements from early,
low-temperature, fine-grained to coarser, higher temperature types that overlap with Zn-Pb sulfide minerals; late-stage calcite occludes residual porosity. Dolomite is generally chemically stoichiometric, but ore-stage types are often rich in Fe (<1.3 weight per cent FeO) with small
sphalerite inclusions. Sphalerite-hosted fluid inclusions record ranges for homogenization temperatures (77-214°C) and fluid salinity (1-28 weight per cent equiv. NaCl±CaCl2). These data suggest fluid mixing with no single fluid type related to all sulfide mineralization. In situ secondary
ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) generated delta-18OVSMOW values for carbonate minerals (13-33 permille) reflect dolomite and calcite formation involving several fluids (seawater, basinal, meteoric) over a large temperature range at varying fluid-rock ratios. Sphalerite and pyrite SIMS delta-34SVCDT
values vary (8-33 permille) but in single settings have small ranges (<2-3 permille) that suggest sulfur was reduced via thermochemical sulfate reduction from homogeneous sulfur reservoirs. Collectively, the data implicate several fluids in the mineralizing process and suggest mixing of a
sulfur-poor, metal-bearing fluid with a metal-poor, sulfide-bearing fluid.
Rare-earth element content of carbonate minerals in sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits, southern Canadian Rocky Mountains
Authors: Simandl G J , D'Souza R J , Paradis S , Spence J
Published: January 2022

Paleozoic platform carbonate rocks of the Rocky Mountains host Mississippi Valley-type (MVT), magnesite, barite, and REE-barite-fluorite deposits. Farther west, platform carbonate rocks of the Kootenay Arc host MVT and fracture-controlled replacement (FCR)
deposits. This is the first systematic LA-ICP-MS study of carbonates in MVT and FCR deposits. We investigated seven MVT deposits in the Rocky Mountains, and five MVT deposits in the Kootenay Arc. None of the post-Archean Australian shale (PAAS)-normalized REE profiles show light REE (LREE) depletion
and strong negative Ce anomalies characteristic of modern seawater: some profiles are nearly flat; others show depletion in LREE similar to seawater but without negative Ce anomalies; others are middle REE enriched. Carbonates with a strong positive Eu anomaly precipitated from or interacted with
different fluids than carbonates with flatter profiles without a strong positive Eu anomaly. REE signatures reflect crystallization conditions of primary carbonates, and crystallization and re-equilibration conditions of carbonates with ambient fluids during diagenesis, deep burial, and/or
metamorphic recrystallization. Chemical evolution of fluids along their migration path, fluid-to-rock ratio, fluid acidity, redox, and temperature also influence REE profile shape, which helps establish genetic and timing constraints on studied deposits and improves knowledge of the metallogeny of
the Kootenay Arc and Rocky Mountains.
Distribution of trace elements in pyrite from carbonate-hosted sulfide deposits of southern British Columbia
Authors: Paradis S , Jackson S E , Petts D , Simandl G J , D'Souza R
J , Hamilton T S
Published: January 2022

This paper combines petrography with in situ laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to document trace-element variations in pyrite (Py) from Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) and fracture-controlled replacement (FCR) deposits in the Kootenay Arc,
British Columbia.
Three generations of pyrite are Py 1, Py 2, and Py 3. Pyrite 1, the earliest (occurring in MVT deposits only), has higher Ag, Ba, Cu, Ge, Pb, Sb, Sr, Tl, and V than adjacent Py 3. It has higher Ag, Au, Ba, Cu, Ge, Pb, and Tl than Py 2. Pyrite 2 occurs in MVT and FCR deposits. Relative to FCR Py 2,
MVT Py 2 is enriched in Co, Ni, Mo, Ba, Tl, and Pb and depleted in other elements. The FCR Py 2 has growth-related compositional banding, which is absent in MVT Py 2. The FCR Py 2 has Ag, Cu, Ga, Ge, In, Sn, and Zn enriched cores, intermediate Au- and As-rich bands, and Co- and Ni-rich rims. Pyrite
3, the latest occurring pyrite, present in MVT and FCR deposits, is enriched in Co and Ni near overgrowths or infillings of sphalerite.
Variations in composition of Py reflect mineralogy, characteristics of ore-forming fluids, and differences in physicochemical conditions between MVT and FCR deposits at the time of ore deposition.
Indicator minerals in fine-fraction till heavy-mineral concentrates determined by automated mineral analysis: examples from two Canadian polymetallic base-metal deposits
Authors: Lougheed H D , McClenaghan M B , Layton-Matthews D , Leybourne M I
Published: January 2022

Exploration under glacial sediment cover is a necessary part of modern mineral exploration in Canada. Traditional indicator methods use visual examination to identify mineral grains in the 250 to 2000 µm fraction of till heavy-mineral concentrates (HMC).
This study tests automated mineralogical methods using scanning electron microscopy to identify indicator minerals in the fine (<250 µm) HMC fraction of till. Automated mineralogy of polished grains from the fine HMC enables rapid data collection (10 000-300 000 grains/sample).
Samples collected near two deposits were used to test this method: four from the upper-amphibolite facies Izok Lake volcanogenic massive-sulfide deposit, Nunavut, and five from the Sisson granite-hosted W-Mo deposit, New Brunswick.
The less than 250 µm HMC fraction of till samples collected down ice of each deposit contain ore and alteration minerals typical of their deposit type. Sulfide minerals occur mainly as inclusions in oxidation-resistant minerals, including minerals previously identified in each deposit's
metamorphic alteration halo, and are found to occur farther down ice than the grains identified visually in the greater than 250 µm HMC fraction. This project's workflow expands the detectable footprint for certain indicator minerals and enhances the information that can be collected from till
samples.
Liposomes as immunological adjuvants and delivery systems in the development of tuberculosis vaccine
Authors: Luwi Nur Ellene Mat , Ahmad Suhana , Azlyna Ahmad Suhaimi Nurfatihah , Nordin Asyikin , Sarmiento Maria Elena , Acosta Armando , Norazmi Mohd Nor , Uskoković Vuk , Mohamud Rohimah , Kadir Ramlah
Published: January 2022

Liposomes are phospholipid bilayer vesicles, which are biocompatible, biodegradable and nontoxic vehicles suitable for numerous drug and gene delivery applications. In this review, we discuss the prospect of using liposome technology in the development of a vaccine for tuberculosis. Tuberculosis remains an important health problem that requires the development of an effective vaccine, especially since the only approved vaccine for it continues to be the Bacille Calmette-Geurin (BCG) one developed 100 years ago. This review focuses on the different applications of liposomes toward achieving this goal. Numerous liposomal formulations showing prospect in the research stage and in clinical trials are discussed.
An immunoglobulin Y that specifically binds to an in silico-predicted unique epitope of Zika virus non-structural 1 antigen
Authors: Guevarra Leonardo A. , De Sagon Scott Dean P. , Teh Treena Rica D. , Cruz Maria Katrina Diana M. , Capistrano Nikki Cyrill C. , Maria Austine James Z. Sta. , Corales Laarni Grace M. , Dalmacio Leslie Michelle M.
Published: January 2022

Objective:

To identify unique immunogenic epitopes of Zika virus non-structural 1 (NS1) antigen and produce immunoglobulin Y (IgY) for potential use in he diagnosis of of Zika virus infection.

Methods:

Immunogenic epitopes were identified using in silico B-cell epitope prediction. A synthetic peptide analog of the predicted epitope was used to induce antipeptide IgY production in hens which was purified using affinity chromatography. Presence of purified IgY and its binding specificity were performed by gel electrophoresis and ELISA, respectively.

Results:

Out of the nine continuous epitopes identified, the sequence at position 193-208 (LKVREDYSLECDPAVI) was selected and used to produce anti-peptide IgY. The produced IgY was found to bind to the synthetic analog of the Zika virus NS1 immunogenic epitope but not to other flaviviruses and random peptides from other pathogens.

Conclusions:

In this study, we identified an immunogenic epitope unique to Zika virus that can be used to develop a serodiagnostic tool that specifically detect Zika virus infection.
Biological functions and diagnostic implications of microRNAs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Authors: Magdalena Godkowicz , Magdalena Druszczynska
Published: January 2022

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs, play important roles in regulating host defense against pathogenic infections. This review provides information on the role of miRNAs in the antimycobacterial immune response and summarizes their possible diagnostic utility. It was compiled using scientific literature retrieved from such databases as PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and PubMed Central. Relevant articles published in the English language until December 2020 were taken into consideration. It has been revealed that specific host miRNAs induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis can target diverse factors and pathways in immune signaling to ensure longer pathogen survival inside the phagocytes. The potential use of miRNAs in tuberculosis diagnosis or therapeutic strategies has been attracting increasing attention in recent years. However, despite considerable efforts devoted to miRNA profiling, further studies are needed to elucidate the full potential of miRNAs as novel tuberculosis biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
Harpephyllum caffrum stimulates glucose uptake, abates redox imbalance and modulates purinergic and glucogenic enzyme activities in oxidative hepatic injury
Authors: Olofinsan Kolawole A. , Erukainure Ochuko L. , Brian Beseni K. , Islam Md. Shahidul
Published: January 2022

Objective:

To investigate the antioxidative and antidiabetic effects of Harpephyllum caffrum bark infusion as well as its effects on glucogenic and nucleotide hydrolyzing enzyme activities in FeSO4- induced oxidative stress in rat hepatic tissue.

Methods:

Harpephyllum caffrum infusion was prepared from dried plant materials (40 g) infused in boiling water (400 mL) for 20 min at room temperature. The antioxidative and inhibitory activities against carbohydrate digestive enzymes of the infusion were determined using established protocols. The liver tissues of rats were used for glucose uptake assay and to evaluate the infusion's effect on endogenous antioxidant, glucogenic, and nucleotide hydrolyzing enzyme activities in FeSO4-induced hepatic injury.

Results:

The Harpephyllum caffrum infusion significantly reduced ferric iron (FRAP) and free radicals (OH• and DPPH) in a dose- dependent manner. It inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities and increased glucose uptake in hepatic tissues. FeSO4 significantly decreased glutathione concentration, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities while increasing malondialdehyde level, glycogen phosphorylase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, and adenosine triphosphatase activities. However, treatment with Harpephyllum caffrum infusion reversed FeSO4-induced changes. Characterization of the infusion revealed the presence of catechol, O-pyrocatechuic acid, mequinol, maltol, and glycoside derivatives.

Conclusions:

The Harpephyllum caffrum infusion demonstrates antidiabetic and antioxidative potentials in in vitro models of type 2 diabetes as depicted by its ability to inhibit carbohydrate digestive enzymes, mitigate oxidative imbalance, and regulate glucogenic and nucleotide hydrolyzing enzyme activities in oxidative hepatic injury.
Schisandrae Fructus oil-induced elevation in serum triglyceride and lipoprotein concentrations associated with physiologic hepatomegaly in mice
Authors: Pan Si-Yuan , Song Xue-Lan , Lin Zhao-Heng , Yu Qing , Zhang Yi , Tai Hai-Chuan , Luo Gan , Wang Xiao-Yan , Zhu Pei-Li , Sun Nan , Chu Zhu-Sheng , Yu Zhi-Ling , Ko Kam-Ming , Zhang Yi
Published: January 2022

Objective:

To investigate hypertriglyceridemia and hepatomegaly caused by Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus (FSS) and Schisandra chinensis Fructus (FSC) oils in mice.

Methods:

Mice were orally administered a single dose of Schisandrae Fructus oils. Serum and hepatic triglyceride (TG), triglyceride transfer protein (TTP), apolipoprotein B48 (Apo B48), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), alanine aminotransfease (ALT) and liver index were measured at 6-120 h post-dosing.

Results:

FSS and FSC oil caused time and dose-dependent increases in serum and hepatic TG levels, with maximum increases in the liver (by 297% and 340%) at 12 h post-dosing and serum (244% and 439%) at 24-h post-dosing, respectively. Schisandrae Fructus oil treatments also elevated the levels of serum TTP by 51% and 63%, Apo B48 by 152% and 425%, and VLDL by 67% and 38% in mice, respectively. FSS and FSC oil treatments also increased liver mass by 53% and 55% and HGF by 106% and 174%, but lowered serum ALT activity by 38% and 22%, respectively. Fenofibrate pre/ co-treatment attenuated the FSS and FSC oil-induced elevation in serum TG levels by 41% and 49% at 48 h post-dosing, respectively, but increased hepatic TG contents (by 38% and 33%, respectively) at 12 h post-dosing.

Conclusions:

Our findings provide evidence to support the establishment of a novel mouse model of hypertriglyceridemia by oral administration of FSS oil (mainly increasing endogenous TG) and FSC oil (mainly elevating exogenous TG).
Glinus lotoides ethanolic extract alleviates LPS-induced anxiety and depression-like behavior by modulating antioxidant and inflammatory biomarkers in rats
Authors: Awan Ambreen Mehmood , Majeed Wafa , Javed Faraza , Aslam Bilal , Iftikhar Asra , Kanwal Hafiza Arooj , Fiaz Sobia
Published: January 2022

Objective:

To explore the protective role of Glinus lotoides ethanolic extract in a depression model through modulating oxidant/antioxidant enzyme system and inflammatory status.

Methods:

Phytochemical constituents of Glinus lotoides ethanolic extract were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively along with HPLC. Rats were divided into six groups. The normal control and the intoxicated groups received normal saline, and the standard group received imipramine, while the remaining groups received 100, 300, and 500 mg/kg Glinus lotoides ethanolic extract. All groups received treatments for 14 d. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were then administered i.p. (0.83 mg/kg) to all groups except the normal control group. After 24 h, anxiety and depression-like behaviors were evaluated by performing behavioral analysis (open field, tail suspension, forced swim, sucrose preference test), and determining total oxidant status, total antioxidant capacity, catalase, and biochemical parameters [malondialdehyde, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6].

Results:

Phytochemical studies confirmed the presence of phenols and flavonoids and HPLC analysis showed the presence of gallic acid, quercetin, chlorogenic, and caffeic acid. Total oxidant status was significantly decreased, while total antioxidant capacity was significantly increased in the Glinus lotoides ethanolic extract treated groups. Moreover, Glinus lotoides ethanolic extract diminished malondialdehyde, IL-6, and TNF-alpha levels, while increasing superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione activities.

Conclusions:

Glinus lotoides ethanolic crude extract shows significant antidepressant activity by modulating oxidative and biochemical parameters that supports its folkloric use in traditional systems of medicine.