bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simple and complex cells revisited: toward a selectivity-invariance model of object recognition
Authors: Li Xin , Wang Shuo
Published: October 2023

This paper presents a theoretical perspective on modeling ventral stream processing by revisiting the computational abstraction of simple and complex cells. In parallel to David Marr's vision theory, we organize the new perspective into three levels. At the computational level, we abstract simple and complex cells into space partitioning and composition in a topological space based on the redundancy exploitation hypothesis of Horace Barlow. At the algorithmic level, we present a hierarchical extension of sparse coding by exploiting the manifold constraint in high-dimensional space (i.e., the blessing of dimensionality). The resulting over-parameterized models for object recognition differ from existing hierarchical models by disentangling the objectives of selectivity and invariance computation. It is possible to interpret our hierarchical construction as a computational implementation of cortically local subspace untangling for object recognition and face representation, which are closely related to exemplar-based and axis-based coding in the medial temporal lobe. At the implementation level, we briefly discuss two possible implementations based on asymmetric sparse autoencoders and divergent spiking neural networks.
Prognostic estimation for acute ischemic stroke patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy within an extended therapeutic window using an interpretable machine learning model
Authors: Tong Lin , Sun Yun , Zhu Yueqi , Luo Hui , Wan Wan , Wu Ying
Published: October 2023

Background

Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is effective for acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion (AIS-LVO) within an extended therapeutic window. However, successful reperfusion does not guarantee positive prognosis, with around 40–50% of cases yielding favorable outcomes. Preoperative prediction of patient outcomes is essential to identify those who may benefit from MT. Although machine learning (ML) has shown promise in handling variables with non-linear relationships in prediction models, its “black box” nature and the absence of ML models for extended-window MT prognosis remain limitations.

Objective

This study aimed to establish and select the optimal model for predicting extended-window MT outcomes, with the Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) approach used to enhance the interpretability of the selected model.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 260 AIS-LVO patients undergoing extended-window MT. Selected patients were allocated into training and test sets at a 3:1 ratio following inclusion and exclusion criteria. Four ML classifiers and one logistic regression (Logit) model were constructed using pre-treatment variables from the training set. The optimal model was selected through comparative validation, with key features interpreted using the SHAP approach. The effectiveness of the chosen model was further evaluated using the test set.

Results

Of the 212 selected patients, 159 comprised the training and 53 the test sets. Extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) showed the highest discrimination with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.93 during validation, and maintained an AUC of 0.77 during testing. SHAP analysis identified ischemic core volume, baseline NHISS score, ischemic penumbra volume, ASPECTS, and patient age as the top five determinants of outcome prediction.

Conclusion

XGBoost emerged as the most effective for predicting the prognosis of AIS-LVO patients undergoing MT within the extended therapeutic window. SHAP interpretation improved its clinical confidence, paving the way for ML in clinical decision-making.
Targeting of tumor cells by custom antigen transfer: a novel approach for immunotherapy of cancer
Authors: Nesi Ilaria , Della Bella Chiara , Taddei Maria Letizia , Santi Alice , Pranzini Erica , Paoli Paolo , D’Elios Mario Milco , Ramazzotti Matteo , Genovese Massimo , Caselli Anna , Cirri Paolo
Published: October 2023

In the early stages of carcinogenesis, the transformed cells become “invisible” to the immune system. From this moment on, the evolution of the tumor depends essentially on the genotype of the primitive cancer cells and their subsequent genetic drift. The role of the immune system in blocking tumor progression from the earliest stages is largely underestimated because by the time tumors are clinically detectable, the immune system has already completely failed its task. Therefore, a clinical treatment capable of restoring the natural anti-tumor role of the immune system could prove to be the “ultimate weapon” against cancer. Herein, we propose a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of solid cancer that exploits the capability of activated monocytes to transfer major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I) molecules bound to antigenic peptides to cancer cells using microvesicles as cargo, making tumor cells target of a “natural” CD8+ T lymphocyte cytotoxic response.
Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting pulmonary complications after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in elderly patients with lung cancer
Authors: Zhao Di , Ma Anqun , Li Shuang , Fan Jiaming , Li Tianpei , Wang Gongchao
Published: October 2023

Background

Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) significantly increase the morbidity and mortality in elderly patients with lung cancer. Considering the adverse effects of PPCs, we aimed to derive and validate a nomogram to predict pulmonary complications after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in elderly patients with lung cancer and to assist surgeons in optimizing patient-centered treatment plans.

Methods

The study enrolled 854 eligible elderly patients with lung cancer who underwent sub-lobectomy or lobectomy. A clinical prediction model for the probability of PPCs was developed using univariate and multivariate analyses. Furthermore, data from one center were used to derive the model, and data from another were used for external validation. The model’s discriminatory capability, predictive accuracy, and clinical usefulness were assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis, respectively.

Results

Among the eligible elderly patients with lung cancer, 214 (25.06%) developed pulmonary complications after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Age, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, surgical procedure, operative time, forced expiratory volume in one second, and the carbon monoxide diffusing capacity of the lung were independent predictors of PPCs and were included in the final model. The areas under the ROC curves (AUC) of the training and validation sets were 0.844 and 0.796, respectively. Ten-fold cross-validation was used to evaluate the generalizability of the predictive model, with an average AUC value of 0.839. The calibration curve showed good consistency between the observed and predicted probabilities. The proposed nomogram showed good net benefit with a relatively wide range of threshold probabilities.

Conclusion

A nomogram for elderly patients with lung cancer can be derived using preoperative and intraoperative variables. Our model can also be accessed using the online web server https://pulmonary-disease-predictor.shinyapps.io/dynnomapp/. Combining both may help surgeons as a clinically easy-to-use tool for minimizing the prevalence of pulmonary complications after lung resection in elderly patients.
Case report: Suspecting guanine nucleotide-binding protein beta 1 mutation in dyskinetic cerebral palsy is important
Authors: Choi Han-Byeol , Na Yoonju , Lee Jiwon , Lee Jeehun , Jang Ja-Hyun , Kim Jong-Won , Kwon Jeong-Yi
Published: October 2023

Herein, we describe the case of a 43-month-old girl who presented with clinical manifestations of dyskinetic cerebral palsy (CP), classified as the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) V. The patient had no family history of neurological or perinatal disorders. Despite early rehabilitation, serial assessments using the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) showed no significant improvements in gross motor function. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed nonspecific findings that could not account for developmental delay or dystonia. Whole-genome sequencing identified a heterozygous NM_002074.5(GNB1):c.239T>C (p.Ile80Thr) mutation in guanine nucleotide-binding protein beta 1 (GNB1) gene. Considering this case and previous studies, genetic testing for the etiology of dyskinetic CP is recommended for children without relevant or with nonspecific brain lesions.
Protective effects and mechanism of curcumin in animal models of pulmonary fibrosis: a preclinical systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hanyu Fang , Zheng Hong , Jiaqi Wang , Tairan Dong , Yiyuanzi Zhao , Qiwen Yang , Ying Liu , Hongchun Zhang , Lu Liu
Published: October 2023

Introduction: At present, there is a lack of effective treatment for pulmonary fibrosis (PF), and a number of studies have confirmed that curcumin (CUR) has a good effect on PF.

Research Qusetion: Is CUR effective in preclinical trials for PF and what is its mechanism of action?

Methods: Animal reports of PF treated with CUR were searched from Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library from 1 January 2000 to 19 April 2023 to compare CUR treatment of PF with a no-intervention model group. A previous registration (nsply registration number: INPLASY202360084) of this review protocol was undertaken.

Results: The meta-analysis included 27 publications and 29 studies involving 396 animals. CUR significantly improved the degree of fibrosis, levels of inflammation, and oxidative imbalances in lung tissue in animal models of PF. In terms fibrosis, such as HYP content (SMD = −4.96; 95% CI = −6.05 to −3.87; p = 0.000).In terms of inflammatory indicators, such as MPO activity (SMD = −2.12; 95% CI = −4.93 to 0.69; p = 0.000). In terms of oxidation index, such as MDA (SMD = −5.63; 95% CI = −9.66 to −1.6; p = 0.000).

Conclusion: CUR significantly improved the degree of fibrosis, levels of inflammation, and oxidative imbalances in lung tissue in animal models of PF. Due to the quantitative and qualitative limitations of current research, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
Research on the evolutionary history of the morphological structure of cotton seeds: a new perspective based on high-resolution micro-CT technology
Authors: Li Yuankun , Huang Guanmin , Lu Xianju , Gu Shenghao , Zhang Ying , Li Dazhuang , Guo Minkun , Zhang Yongjiang , Guo Xinyu
Published: October 2023

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seed morphological structure has a significant impact on the germination, growth and quality formation. However, the wide variation of cotton seed morphology makes it difficult to achieve quantitative analysis using traditional phenotype acquisition methods. In recent years, the application of micro-CT technology has made it possible to analyze the three-dimensional morphological structure of seeds, and has shown technical advantages in accurate identification of seed phenotypes. In this study, we reconstructed the seed morphological structure based on micro-CT technology, deep neural network Unet-3D model, and threshold segmentation methods, extracted 11 basics phenotypes traits, and constructed three new phenotype traits of seed coat specific surface area, seed coat thickness ratio and seed density ratio, using 102 cotton germplasm resources with clear year characteristics. Our results show that there is a significant positive correlation (P< 0.001) between the cotton seed size and that of the seed kernel and seed coat volume, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.51 to 0.92, while the cavity volume has a lower correlation with other phenotype indicators (r<0.37, P< 0.001). Comparison of changes in Chinese self-bred varieties showed that seed volume, seed surface area, seed coat volume, cavity volume and seed coat thickness increased by 11.39%, 10.10%, 18.67%, 115.76% and 7.95%, respectively, while seed kernel volume, seed kernel surface area and seed fullness decreased by 7.01%, 0.72% and 16.25%. Combining with the results of cluster analysis, during the hundred-year cultivation history of cotton in China, it showed that the specific surface area of seed structure decreased by 1.27%, the relative thickness of seed coat increased by 8.70%, and the compactness of seed structure increased by 50.17%. Furthermore, the new indicators developed based on micro-CT technology can fully consider the three-dimensional morphological structure and cross-sectional characteristics among the indicators and reflect technical advantages. In this study, we constructed a microscopic phenotype research system for cotton seeds, revealing the morphological changes of cotton seeds with the year in China and providing a theoretical basis for the quantitative analysis and evaluation of seed morphology.
Comparative transcriptome analysis of major lodging resistant factors in hulless barley
Authors: Bai Yixiong , Zhao Xiaohong , Yao Xiaohua , Yao Youhua , Li Xin , Hou Lu , An Likun , Wu Kunlun , Wang Zhonghua
Published: October 2023

Hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum Hook. f.), belonging to the genus Gramineae, has high and steady output and thus considered as a principal food crop by Tibetan people. Hulless barley grain can be used for food, brewing, and functional health product development, while its straw serves as an essential supplementary forage and is a crucial cereal crop. Lodging can reduce the yield and quality of barley grain and straw, and it hinders mechanical harvesting. It is a significant factor affecting high and stable yields of barley. Unlike other Poaceae plants (such as rice, wheat), hulless barley is mainly grown in high-altitude regions, where it is susceptible to low temperatures, strong winds, and heavy rainfall. As a result, its stem lodging resistance is relatively weak, making it prone to lodging during the growth period. In this study, we observed that the lignin concentration and the contents of lignin monomers (H, S, and G), and neutral detergent fibre of the lodging-resistant variety Kunlun14 were substantially greater than those of the lodging-sensitive variety Menyuanlianglan. We performed the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) analysis of both the lodging-resistant and lodging-sensitive varieties. Through transcriptome sequencing analysis at different developmental stages, combined with the previously annotated genes related to lodging resistance, a total of 72 DEGs were identified. Among these DEGs, 17 genes were related to lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose synthesis or regulation, including five transcription factors about NAC, MYB and WRKY. Our results provide a basis for further exploring the molecular mechanism of stem lodging resistance in hulless barley and provide valuable gene resources for stem lodging resistance molecular breeding.
Sport, the arts, and fans’ loyalty: the role of color for sport fans
Authors: Schleifer Ron , Tamir Ilan
Published: October 2023

Sport fandom has attracted far-ranging research attention. Fans’ commitment, loyalty, and sense of affinity are abundantly expressed in a long list of life practices. Precisely in this context, the color that identifies each sports team has also become an important element of the game but also a crucial component of fans’ identities. The present article focuses on the esthetics of team uniform colors and identifies the artistic roles they fill. Among other things, the article addresses the important role of color, for example in identifying and distinguishing figures on the pitch from the background by creating clear borders between the elements on the pitch that compete for fans’ attention; in the extension of fans’ emotions through the connection between team and color; in creating the opportunity for spectators to participate fully in creating the esthetic experience on the field through the intensive use of team colors; and in enhancing a team’s halo effect through the association of the team with its colors. On a deeper level, the article states that in an era of commercialized sports, the team color remains the clear and consistent symbol of the team that preserves the identity of the fans.
Understanding the influencing factors and mechanism of social compensation for Chinese older adults using social media in the context of smart home: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Ma Ke , Gao Meng , Guida Francesco Ermanno , He Renke
Published: October 2023

As a new generation of necessary terminals for future homes, smart homes have become one of the essential mediums for smart aging at home. This paper aims to explore how older adults who age at home can overcome the digital divide of the new medium and achieve social participation in the home context to realize active aging. Based on the theory of social compensation, we select the smart-home smart screen, a representative new medium product in China, and carry out open coding, spindle coding, selective coding, and theoretical construction of the original interview data through the grounded theory research method. The results show that the main factors affecting the social compensation of older adults to smart home social media include user interface quality, interaction quality, content quality, and service quality, and these four factors are used as external variables to compensate older adults socially, thereby stimulating the emotional experience and perception changes at the cognitive level of older adults and then affecting the adoption and acceptance of smart home social media by older adults. This study refines the factors influencing the older adults’ use of smart home social media from the perspective of social compensation. It explains the mechanism of acceptable behavior of older adults, bridging the gap in previous literature on the influencing factors and behavioral mechanisms of older adults of smart home social media. This paper provides a theoretical basis and guidance for the subsequent academic research and software development practice of social media under new technological devices to further help older adults in China achieve active and healthy aging.
Prospective sarcopenia outcomes associated with physical performance in individuals aged 55 years and over in Malaysia
Authors: Megasari Intan Meinar , Mat Sumaiyah , Singh Devinder Kaur Ajit , Tan Maw Pin
Published: October 2023

Background

While the potential of physical performance tests as screening tools for sarcopenia is evident, limited information on relevant reference values for sarcopenia detection. In this study, we aimed to establish the prospective relationship between physical performance tests, including time up and go (TUG), functional reach (FR), gait speed (GS), and hand grip strength (HGS) with five-year sarcopenia risk and to determine suitable cut-off values for screening activities.

Method

This was a prospective study utilizing data from the Malaysian Elders Longitudinal Research (MELoR) study, which involved community-dwelling older adults aged 55 years and above at recruitment. Baseline (2013–2015) and wave 3 (2019) data were analyzed. Sarcopenia risk was determined using the strength, assistance walking, rising from a chair, climbing stairs, and falls (SARC-F) tool, with SARC-F ≥ 4 indicating sarcopenia. Baseline physical performance test scores were dichotomized using ROC-determined cut-offs.

Result

Data were available from 774 participants with mean age of 68.13 (SD = 7.13) years, 56.7% women. Cut-offs values for reduced GS, TUG, FR, and HGS were: <0.7 m/s (72.9% sensitivity and 53% specificity), >11.5 s (74.2%; 57.2%), <22.5 cm (73%; 54.2%) and HGS male <22 kg (70.0%; 26.7%) and female <17 kg (70.0%; 20.3%) respectively. Except for FR = 1.76 (1.01–3.06), GS = 2.29 (1.29–4.06), and TUG = 1.77 (1.00–3.13) were associated with increased sarcopenia risk after adjustments for baseline demographics and sarcopenia.

Conclusion

The defined cut-off values may be useful for the early detection of five-year sarcopenia risk in clinical and community settings. Despite HGS being a commonly used test to assess strength capacity in older adults, we advocate alternative strength measures, such as the sit-to-stand test, to be included in the assessment. Future studies should incorporate imaging modalities in the classification of sarcopenia to corroborate current study findings.
The impact of having a free community eye clinic located inside a homeless shelter: a retrospective analysis of patient demographics
Authors: Ahluwalia Amit , Morcos David , Koulen Peter
Published: October 2023

Worsening vision is a life-altering process that affects individuals in many aspects of daily life. While worsening vision can be caused by normal physiological processes that occur with age, there can be underlying systemic or ocular diseases that may be the root cause. Routine eye exams can screen for disease as well determine the degree of vision correction required to attain acceptable vision. Access to an eye exam ordinarily requires vision insurance and one must consider the added expense of glasses if they are recommended. While this can be a life-improving visit for many, there are several socioeconomic barriers that discourage homeless and low-income individuals from being able to access this service. The lack of resources to access regular eye exams and the resulting inadequate eye care may lead to underdiagnosis of serious ocular pathology. The Kansas City Free Eye Clinic is located inside a homeless shelter and, therefore, provides a convenient location for homeless and low-income individuals to receive comprehensive eye exams as well as prescription glasses at no cost. In this paper, we discuss the unique setup and demographics of this student-run eye clinic and the ways in which it has served the Kansas City population and how its integration into a homeless shelter could serve as a role model for free community eye clinics.
Mission analysis, dynamics and robust control of an indoor blimp in a CERN detector magnetic environment
Authors: Mazzei Francesco , Teofili Lorenzo , Curti Fabio , Gargiulo Corrado
Published: October 2023

At the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), a Research and Development (R&D) program studies robotic systems for inspection and maintenance of the next-generation of particle detectors. The design and operation of these systems are affected by the detector’s cavern harsh environment consisting of high magnetic fields and radiations. This work presents a feasibility study for aerial inspection and mapping around a CERN particle detector using a robotic Lighter-than-Air (LtA) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), specifically a blimp. Firstly, mission scenarios and the detector environment are introduced; in this context a new empirical model is proposed for the estimation of magnetic disturbances resulting from the interaction of electromagnetic motors with the external magnetic field. Subsequently, the design of a reference blimp and the control system is presented, comparing different control techniques, namely, Computed Torque Control (CTC), Sliding Mode Control (SMC) and Nonsingular Terminal Sliding Mode Control (NTSMC). Finally, the results of trajectory tracking simulations are reported, considering both the uncertainties of the dynamic parameters and the estimated magnetic disturbances. This work demonstrates that the blimp successfully follows desired trajectory, navigating complex environments while maintaining stability and accuracy. Despite the challenges posed by high magnetic fields, indoor blimps can effectively offer safer and more efficient approaches to facility surveillance and maintenance, reducing radiation exposure for human personnel and minimizing detector downtime.
Pulmonary function tests and their associated factors in people living with HIV at Jimma medical center; Ethiopia: a comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Azezew Muluken Teshome , Gobena Teshome , Mengstie Misganaw Asmamaw , Mulat Elias
Published: October 2023

Background

People living with HIV (PLHIV) have a greater risk of developing respiratory disorders. The problems are linked to poor socio-economic status, high viral load, low CD4 counts, and antiretroviral therapy. Despite the high prevalence of respiratory disorders, the association between HIV infection and pulmonary function status, as well as the associated factors, is not well established in resource-limited countries.

Methods

A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from September 24 to October 15 2020 at Jimma Medical Center among people living with HIV who were arranged into an age–sex-matched comparison group. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire administered via face-to-face interviews. The collected data included socio-demographic, respiratory, HIV infection, and substance use variables. Pulmonary function tests were conducted using an SP10 spirometer. The collected data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Independent t-test and multiple linear regressions were carried out to identify factors associated with the pulmonary function status of the study participants.

Results

A total of 96 PLHIV and 96 matched control individuals participated in the study. The mean of pulmonary function test parameters among the PLHIV respondents was FVC (l) (67.35 ± 19.12, p0.003), FEV1s (l) (61.76 ± 16.04, p0.001), and PEFR (50.14 ± 23.32, p0.001), with a significant lowering in the study group. Female sex, respiratory symptoms, duration of HIV, duration of treatment, and khat chewing were associated with lowered FEV1s (l) (p < 0.05) in HIV-positive respondents.

Conclusion

PLHIV had significantly lower mean lung function parameters than HIV-uninfected participants. As a result, health providers should screen HIV-positive patients with respiratory symptoms, prolonged duration of HIV infection, prolonged treatment, and khat chewing for non-infectious lung disorders while treating them.
Impedance properties of biomass in support of practical mensuration in rain gardens
Authors: Jalilian Farhad , Valeo Caterina , Chu Angus , Bhiladvala Rustom
Published: October 2023

Impedance microbiology was explored to provide insights into how a sensor that can monitor the growth of bacteria in vegetated bioretention systems (rain gardens) may be designed for in situ, real-time use. The impedance properties of Pseudomonas Putida samples were monitored under AC signals of 100 mV peak-to-peak and sweeping frequencies of 20 Hz–300 kHz, to determine relationships between these properties and biomass in the laboratory. The capacitance of the samples was found to be the most sensitive impedance parameter, with average change in magnitude of 37% due to bacterial growth. For verification, optical density measurements were taken and calibrated by direct hemocytometry counts of similar samples, simultaneously with the impedance testing. The experiments revealed that exponential relationships enable a good estimate of the biomass available in the medium, based on the change in capacitance. The detection range of the proposed system (in the range of tested strain) is approximately ∼9.2 × 106 cells/mL to ∼5 × 108 cells/mL.
Reliability of lab-on-a-chip technologies for wearable electronics: a perspective
Authors: Subudhi Swarup Kumar , Das Siddhartha
Published: October 2023

Over the past few decades, Lab-on-a-chip (LoC) devices have made health diagnostics easier and cheaper by enabling rapid, hassle-free, and inexpensive measurements of different biochemical markers, properties of epidermally retrievable biofluids (e.g., sweat and interstitial fluids), etc. The miniaturization of these sensing technologies along with the integration of flexible frameworks (microfluidic assemblies and electronics) and user-friendly software have paved the way for autonomous and continuous tracking of human health parameters. However, with emerging new technologies, there are new and complex challenges, especially in the case of these miniature LoC devices. Although microfluidics-specific challenges such as analyte contamination, flow rate variability, improving detection specificity, etc. are being worked upon, the bigger question is: how reliable are these wearable devices in the long run? This perspective piece initially talks about the state-of-the-art LoC technologies that have been incorporated into wearable devices. Next, the perspective identifies some of the reliability studies conducted (as well as overlooked) on the integrated wearable electronics used. Finally, the paper discusses the challenges and future directions of research in the field of reliability of LoC-based wearable electronics.
The effect of probiotics on surgical outcomes in patients with gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Ye Wei , Dong Bo , Li Guanglin , Zhang Yuqiang
Published: October 2023

The effect of probiotics on postoperative infectious complications and nutritional status in patients with gastric cancer is still controversial, and a comprehensive search and analysis of the current relevant evidence is necessary. Our study aimed to define the effects of probiotics on surgical outcomes in gastric cancer patients undergoing surgery. Up to June 20, 2023, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were searched for randomized controlled trials of probiotics in gastric cancer patients undergoing surgery. Relative risk (RR) or mean difference (MD) was used to calculate the effect sizes using RevMan 5.3. A total of nine studies reporting on 861 participants were included. Perioperative supplementation with probiotics did not improve weight loss (MD 0.73 kg; 95% CI: −0.56, 2.02) or serum prealbumin levels (MD 9.48 mg/L 95% CI: −3.43, 22.40), but did reduce the incidence of postoperative infectious complications (RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.28, 0.77), shorten the time to first exhaust (MD −11.27 h; 95% CI: −16.83, −5.70), the time to first defecation (MD −15.71 h; 95% CI: −25.62, −5.79), and the length of hospital stay (MD −0.94 days; 95% CI: −1.33, −0.55), and increase serum albumin levels (MD 0.73 g/L; 95% CI: 0.01, 1.46) in gastric cancer patients undergoing surgery. Probiotics are effective in preventing postoperative infectious complications, promoting postoperative recovery, and improving nutritional status in gastric cancer patients undergoing surgery. Our study highlights the importance of probiotics for healthcare systems and offers a potential strategy to improve the prognosis and reduce the medical burden of gastric cancer patients undergoing surgery.
The history and welfare of working mules in the valleys of the Toubkal massif, in the High Atlas of Morocco
Authors: Cousquer Glen , Alyakine Hassan , Lindsay-McGee Victoria
Published: October 2023

The appearance of the mule in the remote villages of the Toubkal National Park in the High Atlas Mountains of Morocco can be traced back to the early years of the twentieth century. The mule population’s subsequent growth in numbers accompanied the shift away from a subsistence economy that was made possible by the appearance and growth of the mining and mountain tourism industries. This paper reviews this early history, drawing on the accounts provided by early explorers and anthropologists, before developing a mixed methods approach to evaluating the welfare of pack mules in two villages within the National Park. The first village is part of the main access route to the Toubkal, the principle summit of the National Park and therefore much visited. The second is a much more remote, under visited and less developed village. Ethnographic work, studying muleteering practice and undertaken over several years is reported here and supplemented by findings from a detailed survey of the mules of both villages. This allows the work undertaken and the lived realities of the working mule across several generations of inhabitants to be presented together with data about the primary welfare concerns identified on clinical examination. In village one, 72 mule owners and their mules were surveyed and examined. Many of these mules worked in tourism, providing a source of revenue for their families. This work was often undertaken by teenagers/young adults working their father’s mules. Tethering was widely practised and evidence of tethering injuries were identified in most mules. In the more remote village, 18 owners and their equids were surveyed and examined. In this population, mules were more likely to be worked locally in agriculture, building and to collect firewood. Bitting injuries associated with the use of the traditional bit were a significant concern in both villages. The universal use of a closed shoe was also in evidence in both villages; this was associated with atrophy of the frog and hoof imbalances. The reasoning for the use of the traditional bit and closed shoe are presented and alternatives discussed.
Data collection within patient support programs in Canada and implications for real-world evidence generation: the authors’ perspective
Authors: Wills Allison , Mitha Arif , Cheung Winson Y.
Published: October 2023

Patient support programs (PSPs) offer a unique opportunity to collect real-world data that can contribute to improving patient care and informing healthcare decision making. In this perspective article, we explore the collection of data through PSPs in Canada, current advances in data collection methods, and the potential for generating acceptable real-world evidence (RWE). With PSP infrastructure already in place for most specialized drugs in Canada, adding and strengthening data collection capacities has been a focus in recent years. However, limitations in PSP data, including challenges related to quality, bias, and trust, need to be acknowledged and addressed. Forward-thinking PSP developers have been taking steps to strengthen the PSP datasphere, such as engaging third parties for data analysis, publishing peer-reviewed studies that utilize PSPs as a data source and incorporating quality controls into data collection processes. This article illustrates the current state of PSP data collection by examining six PSP RWE studies and outlining their data characteristics and the health outcomes collected from the PSP. A framework for collecting real-world data within a PSP and a checklist to address issues of trust and bias in PSP data collection is also provided. Collaboration between drug manufacturers, PSP vendors, and data specialists will be crucial in elevating PSP data to a level acceptable to healthcare decision makers, including health technology assessors and payers, with the ultimate beneficiary being patients.
AI-Enabled Interference Mitigation for Autonomous Aerial Vehicles in Urban 5G Networks
Authors: Warrier Anirudh , Al-Rubaye Saba , Inalhan Gokhan , Tsourdos Antonios
Published: October 2023

Integrating autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with fifth-generation (5G) networks presents a significant challenge due to network interference. UAVs’ high altitude and propagation conditions increase vulnerability to interference from neighbouring 5G base stations (gNBs) in the downlink direction. This paper proposes a novel deep reinforcement learning algorithm, powered by AI, to address interference through power control. By formulating and solving a signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) optimization problem using the deep Q-learning (DQL) algorithm, interference is effectively mitigated, and link performance is improved. Performance comparison with existing interference mitigation schemes, such as fixed power allocation (FPA), tabular Q-learning, particle swarm optimization, and game theory demonstrates the superiority of the DQL algorithm, where it outperforms the next best method by 41.66% and converges to an optimal solution faster. It is also observed that, at higher speeds, the UAV sees only a 10.52% decrease in performance, which means the algorithm is able to perform effectively at high speeds. The proposed solution effectively integrates UAVs with 5G networks, mitigates interference, and enhances link performance, offering a significant advancement in this field.
High-Pressure Homogenization for Enhanced Bioactive Recovery from Tomato Processing By-Products and Improved Lycopene Bioaccessibility during In Vitro Digestion
Authors: Carpentieri Serena , Ferrari Giovanna , Donsì Francesco
Published: October 2023

The principles of industrial ecology have emerged as pivotal drivers of eco-innovation, aiming to realize a “zero-waste” society where waste materials are repurposed as valuable resources. In this context, High-Pressure Homogenization (HPH) presents a promising, easily scalable micronization technology, capable of enhancing the extractability and bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds found in tomato processing by-products, which are notably abundant waste streams in the Mediterranean region. This study focuses on optimizing HPH treatment parameters to intensify the recovery of bioactive compounds from tomato pomace. Additionally, it investigates the multifaceted impacts of HPH on various aspects, including color, particle size distribution, microscopic characteristics, surface properties, bioactivity, and lycopene bioaccessibility through in vitro digestion simulations. The results demonstrate that the application of HPH under optimized conditions (80 MPa, 25 °C, 10 passes) induces a remarkable 8-fold reduction in mean particle size, reduced surface tension, improved physical stability, uniform color, increased total phenolic content (+31%), antioxidant activity (+30%), dietary fiber content (+9%), and lycopene bioaccessibility during the intestinal digestion phase compared to untreated samples. These encouraging outcomes support the proposition of integrating HPH technology into an environmentally friendly industrial process for the full valorization of tomato processing residues. By utilizing water as the sole solvent, this approach aims to yield a functional ingredient characterized by greater nutritional and health-promoting values.
Radio Pulsars Resonantly Accelerating Electrons
Authors: Osmanov Zaza N. , Mahajan Swadesh M.
Published: October 2023

Based on the recently demonstrated resonant wave–wave process, it is shown that electrons can be accelerated to ultra-relativistic energies in the magnetospheres of radio pulsars. The energization occurs via the resonant interaction of the electron wave (described by the Klein–Gordon (KG) equation) moving in unison with an intense electromagnetic (EM) wave; the KG wave/particle continuously draws energy from EM. In a brief recapitulation of the general theory, the high-energy (resonantly enhanced) electron states are investigated by solving the KG equation, minimally coupled to the EM field. The restricted class of solutions that propagate in phase with EM radiation (functions only of ζ=ωt−kz) are explored to serve as a possible basis for the proposed electron energization in the radio pulsars. We show that the wave–wave resonant energization mechanism could be operative in a broad class of radio pulsars with periods ranging from milliseconds to normal values (∼1 s); this could drive the magnetospheric electrons to acquire energies from 100 s of TeVs (millisecond pulsars) to 10 ZeVs (normal pulsars).
Analysis of the Actual Usage and Emission Reduction Potential of Electric Heavy-Duty Trucks: A Case Study of a Steel Plant
Authors: Dou Guangyu , Ke Jia , Liang Jindong , Wang Junfang , Li Jinhu , Liu Qing , Hao Chunxiao
Published: October 2023

In order to understand the driving characteristics of electric heavy-duty trucks in practical application scenarios and promote their usage to replace diesel trucks, this study analyzed the actual usage of electric and diesel heavy-duty trucks in a steel factory based on vehicle-monitoring data and remote online monitoring data and estimated the emission reduction potential of the application of electric trucks by using a mileage-based method and the greenhouse gas emission model. The results showed that the electric heavy-duty trucks in the steel factory mostly operated for over 14 h, with a vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT) of 50–300 km each day, which could meet most of the demands of the transportation of the steel industry. The average daily energy consumption for most trucks falls within the range of 210–230 kWh/100 km, with higher consumption in winter than in summer, which can save approximately 18–26% in operating costs compared with diesel trucks. It is estimated that the usage of these electric heavy-duty trucks can achieve an annual reduction of 115.8 tons of NOx emissions, 0.7 tons of PM emissions, and 18,000 tons of CO2 emissions. To further promote the application of electric heavy-duty trucks in China, several policy suggestions, such as introducing priority road-right policies, promoting vehicle and battery leasing markets, and exempting zero-emission vehicles during heavy pollution days, were proposed.
Investigation of DNA Hybridization on Nano-Structured Plasmonic Surfaces for Identifying Nasopharyngeal Viruses
Authors: Li Shao-Sian , Lu Yi-Jung , Chang Ray , Tsai Ming-Han , Hung Jo-Ning , Chen Wei-Hung , Fan Yu-Jui , Wei Pei-Kuen , Sheen Horn-Jiunn
Published: October 2023

Recently, studies have revealed that human herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4), also known as the Epstein–Barr virus, might be associated with the severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Compared to SARS-CoV-2 infection alone, patients coinfected with SARS-CoV-2 and HHV-4 had higher risks of fever, inflammation, and even death, thus, confirming that HHV-4/SARS-CoV-2 coinfection in patients could benefit from clinical investigation. Although several intelligent devices can simultaneously discern multiple genes related to SARS-CoV-2, most operate via label-based detection, which restricts them from directly measuring the product. In this study, we developed a device that can replicate and detect SARS-CoV-2 and HHV-4 DNA. This device can conduct a duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a microfluidic channel and detect replicates in a non-labeled manner through a plasmonic-based sensor. Compared to traditional instruments, this device can reduce the required PCR time by 55% while yielding a similar amount of amplicon. Moreover, our device’s limit of detection (LOD) reached 100 fg/mL, while prior non-labeled sensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection were in the range of ng/mL to pg/mL. Furthermore, the device can detect desired genes by extracting cells artificially infected with HHV-4/SARS-CoV-2. We expect that this device will be able to help verify HHV-4/SARS-CoV-2 coinfected patients and assist in the evaluation of practical treatment approaches.
The Comfort and Measurement Precision-Based Multi-Objective Optimization Method for Gesture Interaction
Authors: Wang Wenjie , Hou Yongai , Tian Shuangwen , Qin Xiansheng , Zheng Chen , Wang Liting , Shang Hepeng , Wang Yuangeng
Published: October 2023

As an advanced interaction mode, gestures have been widely used for human–computer interaction (HCI). This paper proposes a multi-objective optimization method based on the objective function JCP to solve the inconsistency between the gesture comfort JCS and measurement precision JPH in the gesture interaction. The proposed comfort model CS takes seventeen muscles and six degrees of freedom into consideration based on the data from muscles and joints, and is capable of simulating the energy expenditure of the gesture motion. The CS can provide an intuitive indicator to predict which act has the higher risk of fatigue or injury for joints and muscles. The measurement precision model ∆PH is calculated from the measurement error (∆XH,∆YH,∆ZH) caused by calibration, that provides a means to evaluate the efficiency of the gesture interaction. The modeling and simulation are implemented to analyze the effectiveness of the multi-objective optimization method proposed in this paper. According to the result of the comparison between the objective function JCS, based on the comfort model CS, and the objective function JPH, based on the measurement precision models ∆PH, the consistency and the difference can be found due to the variation of the radius rB_RHO and the center coordinates PB_RHOxB_RHO,yB_RHO,zB_RHO. The proposed objective function JCP compromises the inconsistency between the objective function JCS and JPH. Therefore, the multi-objective optimization method proposed in this paper is applied to the gesture design to improve the ergonomics and operation efficiency of the gesture, and the effectiveness is verified through usability testing.
Transcriptional Activity of Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and Tissue Metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) Genes as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker of Heart Failure Due to Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Korzeń Dariusz , Sierka Oskar , Dąbek Józefa
Published: October 2023

The most common cause of heart failure (HF) is coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the transcriptional activity of the metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and tissue metalloproteinase inhibitor 1 (TIMP-1) genes in a study group of patients with HF due to CAD and in the control group, as well as assess the transcriptional activity of the examined genes, taking into account the number of affected coronary arteries and the severity of heart failure. The study group consisted of a total of 150 (100%) patients. The material for the study was peripheral blood, and molecular tests were performed using the quantitative QRT-PCR technique. The transcriptional activity of the MMP-9 gene was significantly higher in the group of patients with CAD and HF. It was also significantly higher with the progression of heart failure. TIMP-1 gene transcriptional activity was significantly lower with the advancement of heart failure. The transcriptional activity of the MMP-9 and TIMP-1 genes differentiated the examined patients. The severity of HF, and a significant increase in the QRT-PCR transcriptional activity of the MMP-9 gene with a simultaneous decrease in the activity of the TIMP-1 gene, makes them useful diagnostic and prognostic markers in clinical practice.
Blood Composite Scores in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Mercader-Salvans Júlia , García-González María , Quevedo-Abeledo Juan C. , Quevedo-Rodríguez Adrián , Romo-Cordero Alejandro , Ojeda-Bruno Soledad , Gómez-Bernal Fuensanta , López-Mejías Raquel , Martín-González Candelaria , González-Gay Miguel Á. , Ferraz-Amaro Iván
Published: October 2023

Complete blood count-derived ratios have been described as inflammatory biomarkers in several diseases. These hematological scores include the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune-inflammatory index ([SIRI]; neutrophils × monocytes/lymphocytes). Our aim was to study how these biomarkers are related to disease expression in a large and well-characterized series of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A total of 284 SLE patients and 181 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited. The NLR, MLR, PLR, and SIRI were calculated, and activity (SLEDAI-2K), severity (Katz), and damage index (SLICC-DI) scores were assessed in patients with SLE. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to study whether these scores differ between patients and controls and how they are related to clinical and laboratory features of the disease. Crude cell counts of neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets were lower in SLE patients compared to controls. Despite this, NLR, MLR, and PRL, but not SIRI, were higher in SLE patients than in controls after multivariable analysis. However, the relationship between the different scores and disease characteristics was limited. Only the Katz severity index revealed a significant positive relationship with SIRI, NLR, and MLR after adjustment for covariates. Similarly, alternative complement cascade activation and low C3 were significantly associated with higher NLR, MLR, and PLR. In conclusion, although cytopenias are a common feature of patients with SLE, hematologic composite scores are independently higher in this population compared to controls. However, the relationship of these scores with the characteristics of the disease is scarce, with the relationship with the complement system being the most consistent.