bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXPLOITATION, RESETTLEMENT, MASS MURDER
Authors: Kay Alex J.
Published: June 2024

Convinced before the onset of Operation "Barbarossa" in June 1941 of both the ease, with which the Red Army would be defeated and the likelihood that the Soviet Union would collapse, the Nazi regime envisaged a radical and far-reaching occupation policy which would result in the political, economic and racial reorganization of the occupied Soviet territories and bring about the deaths of 'x million people' through a conscious policy of starvation. This study traces the step-by-step development of high-level planning for the occupation policy in the Soviet territories over a twelve-month period and establishes the extent to which the various political and economic plans were compatible.
THE MEN WE LOVED
Authors: Kaplan Danny
Published: June 2024

Some semi-public, exclusive male settings, most noticeably in the military, encourage the production of intimacy and desire. Yet whereas in most instances this desire is displaced through humor and aggressive gestures, it becomes acknowledged and outright declared once associated with sites of heroic death. In his provocative study of interrelations between friendship in everyday life and national sentiments in Israel, the author follows selected stories of friendship ranging over early childhood, school, the workplace, and some unique war experiences. He explores the symbolism of friendship in rituals for the fallen soldiers, the commemoration of Prime Minister Yzhak Rabin, and the national infatuation with recovering bodies of missing soldiers. He concludes that the Israeli case offers an extreme instance of a much broader cultural phenomenon: declaring the friendship for the dead epitomizes the political “blood pact” between men, taking precedence over the traditional blood ties of kinship and heterosexual unions. The book underscores nationalism as a homosocial-based emotion of commemorative desire.
ANDRZEJ WAJDA
Authors: Falkowska Janina
Published: June 2024

The work of Andrzej Wajda, one of the world’s most important filmmakers, shows remarkable cohesion in spite of the wide ranging scope of his films, as this study of his complete output of feature films shows. Not only do his films address crucial historical, social and political issues; the complexity of his work is reinforced by the incorporation of the elements of major film and art movements. It is the reworking of these different elements by Wajda, as the author shows, which give his films their unique visual and aural qualities.
FIRE IN THE DARK
Authors: Buckler Sarah
Published: June 2024

Anthropologists who are employed to change the worlds they are researching find themselves in a potentially contradictory position. Combining the various roles and expectations involved in working with Gypsies and local government at the same time as conducting anthropological research, provides the overall perspective of this study. It is an unusual and effective balance of insightful ethnography and anthropological theory with the perspective of someone employed to carry out applied work. An effective and creative use of metaphor structures the entire work and allows complex ideas to be conveyed in an accessible way. Drawing upon traditional anthropological approaches such as kinship and story telling and engaging with the works of major social theorists such as Weber, Bourdieu and Foucault as well as the work of contemporary anthropologists, this work demonstrates the use of anthropology in understanding changing situations and in deciding how best to manage such situations.
DRIVING GERMANY
Authors: Zeller Thomas
Published: June 2024

Hitler's autobahn was more than just the pet project of an infrastructure-friendly dictator. It was supposed to revolutionize the transportation sector in Germany, connect the metropoles with the countryside, and encourage motorization. The propaganda machinery of the Third Reich turned the autobahn into a hyped-up icon of the dictatorship. One of the claims was that the roads would reconcile nature and technology. Rather than destroying the environment, they would embellish the landscape. Many historians have taken this claim at face value and concluded that the Nazi regime harbored an inbred love of nature. In this book, the author argues that such conclusions are misleading. Based on rich archival research, the book provides the first scholarly account of the landscape of the autobahn.
A SINGLE COMMUNAL FAITH?
Authors: Rohkrämer Thomas
Published: June 2024

How could the Right transform itself from a politics of the nobility to a fatally attractive option for people from all parts of society? How could the Nazis gain a good third of the votes in free elections and remain popular far into their rule? A number of studies from the 1960s have dealt with the issue, in particular the works by George Mosse and Fritz Stern. Their central arguments are still challenging, but a large number of more specific studies allow today for a much more complex argument, which also takes account of changes in our understanding of German history in general. This book shows that between 1800 and 1945 the fundamentalist desire for a single communal faith played a crucial role in the radicalization of Germany's political Right. A nationalist faith could gain wider appeal, because people were searching for a sense of identity and belonging, a mental map for the modern world and metaphysical security.
BETWEEN TRADITION AND MODERNITY
Authors: Russell Mark A.
Published: June 2024

Aby Warburg (1866-1929), founder of the Warburg Institute, was one of the most influential cultural historians of the twentieth century. Focusing on the period 1896-1918, this is the first in-depth, book-length study of his response to German political, social and cultural modernism. It analyses Warburg's response to the effects of these phenomena through a study of his involvement with the creation of some of the most important public artworks in Germany. Using a wide array of archival sources, including many of his unpublished working papers and much of his correspondence, the author demonstrates that Warburg's thinking on contemporary art was the product of two important influences: his engagement with Hamburg's civic affairs and his affinity with influential reform movements seeking a greater role for the middle classes in the political, social and cultural leadership of the nation. Thus a lively picture of Hamburg’s cultural life emerges as it responded to artistic modernism, animated by private initiative and public discourse, and charged with debate.
FRANCE AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF EUROPE, 1944-2007
Authors: Sutton Michael
Published: June 2024

In the second half of the twentieth century France played the greatest role - even greater than Germany’s - in shaping what eventually became the European Union. By the early twenty-first century, however, in a hugely transformed Europe, this era had patently come to an end. This comprehensive history shows how France coupled the pursuit of power and the furtherance of European integration over a sixty-year period, from the close of the Second World War to the hesitation caused by the French electorate’s referendum rejection of the European Union’s constitutional treaty in 2005.
Theoretical estimation of the required power of the robot-android drives when walking at different speeds
Authors:   Volgograd State Technical University, Gorobtsov Alexander ,   Mechanical Engineering Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kartsov Sergey ,   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University, Polyakov Yuriy ,   Moscow State University of Technology «STANKIN», Dianskiy Anton ,   Volgograd State Technical University
Published: June 2024

A mathematical model for analyzing the power, consumed by the robot-android drives in rectilinear motion with a uniformly increasing speed, is considered. The mathematical model is compiled using the methods of multibody systems dynamics. Solving problems using the model is performed by numerical integration methods. The time dependences of the rotation angles drives and their angular velocities have been constructed. The dependences of the moments in drives in an unsteady mode of motion with increasing speed were also obtained. The drives with maximum energy consumption have been identified. It is shown, that the required power in the drives in-creases significantly with increasing speed of the robot. The nature of the power consumption in the drives has a pulsed form, with sections of positive and negative power, which indicates the possibility of significantly reducing energy consumption in the drives due to recuperation. The peak power in the most loaded lower limb drives can reach 0.7 kW. The total algebraic sum of power consumption in all drives is also approximately 0.7 kW. In this case, the total power absolute value of all drives reaches 2 kW. The maximum values of power consumption occur at high speeds – up to 0.9 m/s. At speeds up to 0.2 m/s, the total power does not exceed 150 – 200 W.
Eventración subxifoidea incarcerada: una patología infrecuente y potencialmente mortal
Authors: Velayos García Paula , Pascual Nadal Juan José , Ripoll Martín Roberto , Ots Gutiérrez José Ramón , Oliver García Israel
Published: June 2024

Se trata de un paciente de sexo masculino de 89 años de edad, portador de prótesis mitral, intervenido hace 20 años, acude a urgencias por dolor abdominal y vómitos.
Se realiza una tomografía computarizada (TC) toraco-abdominal que confirma la presencia de eventración subxifoidea con sufrimiento parietal, requiriendo resección intestinal y eventroplastia con malla intraperitoneal.
La eventración subxifoidea constituye una patología infrecuente, que tiene lugar, de forma mayoritaria, en pacientes que han precisado intervenciones del área cardíaca, o hepatobiliopancreática. Su diagnóstico se basa en la clínica y examen físico.
Esta patología supone un reto para el cirujano dada la complejidad quirúrgica de la región anatómica donde aparece, pues las estructuras condrocostales adyacentes dificultan la sutura y eventroplastia.
En casi todas las series la reparación ha sido electiva, siendo la cirugía de urgencia por incarceración algo anecdótico. La técnica sugerida sería la eventroplastia preperitoneal con malla retroxifoidea irreabsorbible, sin embargo, ésta se encuentra condicionada a los hallazgos intraoperatorios, especialmente a la estrangulación.
Fleas (Siphonaptera) of Gerbils in the Caucasus
Authors: Kotti B. K. , Ivanova A. L.
Published: June 2024

Representatives of the gerbil subfamily (Gerbillinae) are the main components of biocenoses in deserts and semi-deserts. They are the hosts of many flea species and the main vectors of the causative plague agent in a number of natural plague foci. The taxonomic diversity, distribution pattern and host-parasite relationships of flea species noted as parasites of gerbils in the Caucasus are analyzed. Gerbils and their fleas entered the Caucasus from southwest Asia in the Pliocene in parallel to the migration of floral psammophilic complexes. In the Holocene, semi-desert and desert Turanian plants were introduced from the northeast to the Pre-Caucasus, and the fauna of gerbils and their fleas was replenished with several species and subspecies. In accordance with the settlement of carriers and vectors, sandy natural plague foci in Transcaucasia could have existed already in the Pliocene, and in the Pre-Caucasus they were formed no earlier than the Holocene.
МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ПРОЦЕСУ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНИХ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЙ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВІ
Authors: НЕМАШКАЛО Каріна , ДОБРОЗОРОВА Олена
Published: June 2024

Стаття присвячена дослідженню моделювання процесу організаційних трансформацій, яке забезпечує ефективне управління змінами на підприємстві. У статті акцентується увага на актуальності дослідження організаційних трансформацій. Розглянуто основні теоретичні підходи до моделювання організаційних трансформацій. Висвітлено методи та інструменти, які використовуються для моделювання організаційних трансформацій. Розглядаються системний підхід, методи структурного аналізу та проектування, імітаційне моделювання, а також інші інструменти, що допомагають візуалізувати процеси змін і прогнозувати їхні результати. Описується процес впровадження розробленої моделі на підприємстві. Наголошується, що успішне впровадження моделі вимагає активної участі керівництва та всього колективу підприємства. Охарактеризовано методи оцінки ефективності організаційних трансформацій. Пропонується використовувати як кількісні, так і якісні показники для оцінки результатів змін. Доведено, що розробка і впровадження моделі організаційних трансформацій є складним, але необхідним процесом для забезпечення конкурентоспроможності підприємства у сучасних умовах.
Variation in Wood Density Among Picea abies Provenances in the Romanian Carpathians
Authors: Alexandru A.M. , Mihai G. , Stoica E. , Curtu A.L.
Published: June 2024

Wood density is an intricate trait that encapsulates water transport, growth, and productivity. It is probably the most used parameter to deduce wood quality. In this study, the wood density of 81 European provenances of Norway spruce tested in three provenance trials from the Romanian Carpathians was analysed and compared at 49 years after planting. We also analysed the correlations between wood density and the provenances’ geographic coordinates, as well as other traits, such as diameter at breast height, total height, and survival rate. For the genetic variance analysis of the wood density in each provenance trial and across sites, linear mixed models were used. Significant differences between the Norway spruce provenances regarding wood density were found only in the Dorna Candrenilor trial, where the mean wood density per provenance had values ranging from 0.311 ± 0.030 g/cm3 to 0.356 ± 0.019 g/cm3. No significant correlations between wood density and the provenances’ geographic coordinates were found. Negative correlations were found between wood density and the other traits analysed. Provenances with good performances in provenance trials could be used in assisted migration.
Improving Quality Control Measures in the Dairy Industry: Utilizing Dynamics of Dirt Resistance Factor (Rd) Value and Time of Effective Bacterial Contamination Prevention
Authors: Budianto B. , Utomo W.T. , Saputro A. , Indriani A.W.
Published: June 2024

The number of customer complaints related to decreased quality of dairy products was the background of this study. Objective: (i) examined the effect of the highest dirt resistance factor (Rd) on the number of bacterial contaminants in finished goods; (ii) examine the effect of time on the growth of bacterial contaminants in the fouling layer of UHT pipes when not in operation. The research method was based on the mathematical derivation of the formation process of Rd in the form of an equation. Bacterial species were analyzed using the Operation Taxonomic Unit (OTU) with 16S rRNA. The ANOVA test was used to determine the mean value, standard deviation and the Tukey LSD post hoc test to see the difference in heat balance and bacterial growth. Findings: (i) During the UHT sterilization process, the Rd value (0.0205 h.Ft2.F.Btu-1) had an impact on total bacterial contamination >20 Cfu.mL-1; (ii) In the event of engine damage or malfunction of the heater on the UHT. Time had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the number of lactic acid bacteria in the fouling layer in UHT pipes. Conclusion: The study recommends a sanitation schedule every 110 minutes (± 2 hours) or Rd value around 0.0205 h.Ft2.F.Btu-1.
THE EFFECT OF PROFITABILITY, LIQUIDITY AND ASSET STRUCTURE TOWARD DEBT POLICY IN MANUFACTURING COMPANIES
Authors: Rutlan Irwan , Adawia Popon Rabia , Endriastuty Yenia , Ferliyanti Herlina , Natong Asriani
Published: June 2024

Setiap penelitian memiliki tujuannya masing-masing. Tujuan diadakan penelitian ialah penguji secara empiris pengaruh profiitabilitas,likuiditas,ddan structur asset terhadap kebijakan utang. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitaif statistic. Adapun yang menjadi populasi dari penelitian adalah perusahaan go public sector industry khusus produksi consumerggoods yang telah tercatat didBursa Efek Indoensia kurun waktu tahun 2019-2023. Sample diambil berdasarkan kriteria dan diperoleh sebanyak 14perusahaan. Digunakannya data skunder untuk penelitianini berupa laporan tahunan perusahaan. Variabel independen yang digunakan meliputi profitabillitas diukur dengan returrn on aset, likuidiitas diukur dengan rasio lancer dan structur aset yang diukur dengan perbandingan asset tetap terhadap total asset sedangkann kebijakannhutang diukur dengan debt to equity. Analisa data dilakukan menggunakan analisa regresi linear berganda dengan tingkt significansi alpha 0.05. Adanya ujii hipotesis dan uji koefisein determiinasi dilakukan dnegan program IBM-SPSS. Hasil penelitian menyampaikan, secara parcial bahwa profitabilitas berpengaruh tapi tidak significan pada kebijakannhutang. Sementara struktur asset dan likuditas berpengaruh signifcan terhadap kebijakannhutang.SSecara bersama-sama,profiitabilitas,likuiditas dan strktur asset berpengaruhhsignifican terhadap kebijakannhutang.
DAMPAK PROGRAM BANTUAN TUNAI TERHADAP PERSEPSI MASA DEPAN RUMAH TANGGA MISKIN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Aprianza Ramadhani , Solihin Achmad
Published: June 2024

Studi ini membandingkan Bantuan Langsung Sementara Masyarakat (BLSM), Program Beras untuk Rakyat Miskin (RASKIN), dan Bantuan Siswa Miskin (BSM) dengan melihat pengaruh program bantuan tunai terhadap kesejahteraan subjektif penerima bantuan di Indonesia. Untuk melihat perbedaan antara rumah tangga yang menerima dan yang tidak menerima bantuan BLSM, data ILFS 5 digunakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa BLSM tidak mempengaruhi kesejahteraan jangka panjang atau pengeluaran konsumsi rumah tangga secara signifikan; sebaliknya, kelompok non-penerima BLSM yang menerima BSM dan RASKIN menunjukkan tingkat kesejahteraan keluarga yang lebih baik. Temuan ini konsisten dengan penelitian sebelumnya yang menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kesejahteraan subjektif tidak selalu berkorelasi dengan peningkatan pendapatan. Kesejahteraan subjektif seseorang sangat dipengaruhi oleh komponen non-ekonomi, seperti memenuhi kebutuhan dasar
Smart Robot Design and Implementation to Assist Pedestrian Road Crossing
Authors: Kulhandjian Hovannes
Published: June 2024

This research focuses on designing and developing a smart robot to assist pedestrians with road crossings. Pedestrian safety is a major concern, as highlighted by the high annual rates of fatalities and injuries. In 2020, the United States recorded 6,516 pedestrian fatalities and approximately 55,000 injuries, with children under 16 being especially vulnerable. This project aims to address this need by offering an innovative solution that prioritizes real-time detection and intelligent decision-making at intersections. Unlike existing studies that rely on traffic light infrastructure, our approach accurately identifies both vehicles and pedestrians at intersections, creating a comprehensive safety system. Our strategy involves implementing advanced Machine Learning (ML) algorithms for real-time detection of vehicles, pedestrians, and cyclists. These algorithms, executed in Python, leverage data from LiDAR and video cameras to assess road conditions and guide pedestrians and cyclists safely through intersections. The smart robot, powered by ML insights, will make intelligent decisions to ensure a safer and more secure road crossing experience for pedestrians and cyclists. This project is a pioneering effort in holistic pedestrian safety, ensuring robust detection capabilities and intelligent decision-making.
TERAPI PERILAKU SEBAGAI METODE UNTUK MENANGANI ANAK AUTISME
Authors: Irfa Nur Ilmy  , Putra Karantiano Sadasa , Rahman Maulida Aulia , Asyari Lutfi
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran tentang terapi perilaku untuk menangani anak autisme yang dilakukan di Sekolah Luar Biasa B Garut yang berguna untuk sekolah-sekolah umum lainnya. Peneliti menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif untuk menggambarkan hasil penelitian dalam bentuk naratif tentang setiap objek penelitian secara individu. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Pelaksanaan terapi perilaku yang dilakukan pada autisme asperger yaitu anak diberikan intruksi satu kata hingga dua kata lalu anak diberikan prompt jika membutuhkan dan selalu diberikan imbalan jika anak berhasil melakukannya. Tentunya ketika pelaksanaan terapi perilaku ada hambatan yang dialami yaitu ketika anak kurang fokus untuk menjalankan instruksi dari guru maka guru perlu memberikan stimulus. Setelah pelaksanaan terapi perilaku pada anak autisme asperger, anak mengalami perubahan terhadap peningkatan perilaku dan kemampuan individu lainnya seperti komunikasi, kemandirian, interaksi sosial dan perilaku positif lainnya pada anak autisme.
Knowledge of Maintaining Dental and Oral Health for Pregnant Women in Baki District
Authors: Wulandari Devi , Riolina Ana , Sari Morita , Kurniawati Dwi , Sukini Sukini
Published: June 2024

Physiological processes that occur during pregnancy can cause hormonal changes and affect the oral cavity. Oral problems during pregnancy, such as periodontal disease, gingivitis, tooth erosion, halitosis, and epulis of pregnancy not only impact the mother but can also cause adverse pregnancy outcomes such as premature birth, low birth weight, preeclampsia to premature rupture of membranes. Many pregnant women do not care about the possible adverse effects of dental and oral diseases on pregnancy. This shows that the majority of pregnant women only focus on pregnancy and do not reduce dental and oral health. The occurrence of dental and oral diseases during pregnancy is not only influenced by the pregnancy itself but also the lack of knowledge about maintaining oral health it affects poor behavior in maintaining dental and oral health. The aim of this study was to find out the description of knowledge about maintaining the oral and dental health of pregnant women in Baki District. This research is a type of observational research with a cross-sectional study approach, and quantitative data, and is presented descriptively. The number of respondents in this study was 55 pregnant women in Baki District. Data collection techniques in this study used a questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability tests. Research data were analyzed using univariate analysis. The results showed that the proportion of pregnant women's level of knowledge about maintaining oral health was highest in the poor category, which was 69.1% with an average value of knowledge of pregnant women was 6.82. The conclusion of the study is that the level of knowledge regarding maintaining the oral and dental health of pregnant women in Baki District is still lacking.
Coexisting Logopenic Variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia with Amyloid Pathology and Early Parkinsonism
Authors: Caccamo Martina , Urso Daniele , Nanni Alfredo Gabriele , Gnoni Valentina , Giugno Alessia , Vitulli Alessandra , Vilella Davide , Zecca Chiara , Dell’Abate Maria Teresa , Anastasia Antonio , De Blasi Roberto , Introna Alessandro , Logroscino Giancarlo
Published: June 2024

The presence of parkinsonism features in primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a subject of ongoing research. These features are usually more pronounced in the advanced stages of the disease, particularly in the non-fluent/agrammatic subtype, and are exceptionally rare in the logopenic variant (lvPPA). Here we report a case of a 63-year-old man presenting as language impairment, predominantly naming and word-finding difficulties, emerged alongside a left-sided internal tremor. Neurological examination revealed bilateral, left-side predominant rigidity, bradykinesia, and resting tremor. Notably, anosmia and constipation were present. Language assessments showed preserved single-word comprehension, object knowledge, and a minimal apraxia of speech, as well as sentence repetition issues. Neuroimaging and biomarker analysis supported a diagnosis of primary progressive logopenic aphasia with amyloid pathology co-existing with prominent and early parkinsonism. This case underlines the intricate relationship between language disorders, parkinsonism, and amyloid pathology in lvPPA.
Temporary decrease in microvascular tissue saturation after transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Stern Manuel , Baasen Sven , Wischmann Patricia , Herbrand Theresa , Schremmer Johanna , Maier Oliver , Stern Marc , Jung Christian , Heiss Christian , Kelm Malte , Sansone Roberto , Busch Lucas
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND:

Data on the effect of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) on peripheral microcirculation are limited.

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of this study is to evaluate peripheral microvascular tissue saturation (StO2) before and after TAVI in relation to central and peripheral hemodynamics, cardiac and renal function.

METHODS:

In this single-center prospective study, patients with severe aortic stenosis (sAS) scheduled for TAVI or cardiac catheterization (control) were assessed before and up to five days after the procedure. Cardiac function including cardiac output (CO) was assessed by echocardiography. Brachial (bBP) and central blood pressure (cBP), ankle brachial index (ABI), and parameters of arterial stiffness, including augmentation pressure (AP) and augmentation index adjusted for heart rate (AIx@HR75) were measured to assess hemodynamic changes. StO2 was measured in all extremities using a near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) camera. Renal function was measured by creatinine levels.

RESULTS:

26 patients underwent TAVI and 11 patients served as control. Cardiac output was significantly increased, whereas hemodynamic parameters and peripheral StO2 were significantly decreased after TAVI. At follow-up, StO2 returned to baseline values. Changes in StO2 were negatively related to creatinine levels.

CONCLUSION:

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation causes a temporary decrease in microvascular tissue saturation that is associated with renal function.
CHANGES IN STRENGTH AND REDUCIBILITY OF IRON ORE SINTERS WITH INCREASING BASICITY
Authors: TRAVYANOV A. YA. , KALININ A. S.
Published: June 2024

Improving the quality characteristics of iron ore materials is one of the most effective ways to reduce fuel consumption in pig iron production, improving the technical and economic performance of the blast furnace process. The quality of finished products depends on a whole range of technological parameters, advancing along its chain, it is possible to identify the process of formation and nucleation of minerals, because it is the mineral composition of the ore grains bundle that determines and influences of many pyrometallurgical processes, being the main carrier of the strength of fluxed sinters. One of the most important criteria for qualitative evaluation of sinter is its cold strength. Based on the importance of this criterion, a comparative analysis of studies of the cold strength of iron-ore sinters of different chemical compositions has been performed. Understanding that the cold strength index is a tool to analyze the sintering process and mechanical treatment of sintered iron ore allowed us to determine the importance of one of the objectives of the study ‒ to show the change in the character of the strength curve of sintering from the basicity. An additional difficulty was that the initial charge of iron ore concentrates contained magnetite of homogeneous and heterogeneous structure. It is worth distinguishing the ability of magnetites of the two types to participate in the melt formation. Thus, the characteristic feature of homogeneous magnetite is that it takes a direct part in the evolution of bonds, and the growth of strength of sinters occurs as a result of the change of silicate bonds to ferritic ones. As a result of a separate study of magnetite of heterogeneous structure, it was possible to prove that its participation in melt formation is not limited, as previously thought, but excluded, which subsequently led to the hypothesis of predicting the existence of an interval of “failure” of cold strength of offset iron ore sinter, which in the future will allow to predict the quality of the finished product at any layout of charge materials. In addition to the index of cold strength, which determines the blast furnace operation, productivity and coke consumption, we also refer to reducing ability. The MISIS laboratory has carried out the testing on the basis of which the results of determining the reducibility of sinters from charge mixture are presented; the ore part consists of 100% concentrate containing heterogeneous magnetite for three basicity levels (1.4; 1.6 and 3.0 units).
ANALYSIS OF DESIGN OF THE ROLLERS OF THROUGH FURNACES OF ROLLING MILLS
Authors: LYAKH A. P. , KOLESNIKOV A. G. , FILATOV A. A.
Published: June 2024

Furnace rollers are the most expensive part of the through-type furnaces, which determine the efficiency of the whole furnace unit. The features of design of rollers that are used at different temperatures of the working space of the furnace were considered. At temperature up to 1000 °C the rollers are used without water cooling (“dry”) or with cooling only of trunnions. With increase in temperature in the furnace up to 1250 °C the rollers with cooled shaft are used. It is shown that the operating costs of the through-type furnaces of rolling mills depend on the durability of the rollers and the costs associated with their cooling. Application of modern heat-resistant materials for manufacturing of furnace rollers enable to eliminate the necessity of their cooling in the furnaces with the temperature of working space up to 1250 °С and to reduce operating costs at the expense of saving of technological fuel for furnace heating. It is noted that
the use of “dry” furnace rollers at furnace temperatures up to 1250 °C would require more expensive refractory materials, which will increase their cost. Therefore, it is important to select the correct material strength criteria for the barrel rollers
in the design, taking into account the demanding operating conditions of the rollers. Based on the analysis of the process loads on the furnace rollers, the strength criterion is the conditional yield strength of the barrel material at the operating temperature and a safety margin of 3.5.
PREPARATION FOR THE DISPOSAL OF SLUDGE FROM THE INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS
Authors: AKSENOV V. I. , TSAREV N. S.
Published: June 2024

Due to the lack of local facilities for recycling, neutralization and treatment of wastewater at many metallurgical enterprises the wastewater is mixed; surface wastewater, blowdown of recycled water supply cycles, chemically polluted wastewater, spent cooling and washing liquids. As a result of the joint processing of the mentioned waste waters in sewage treatment plants, the specific sediments containing compounds of heavy metals and toxic substances are formed. The data on metal content in a solid phase of mixed sediments of different metallurgical enterprises is presented. It is noted that toxicity of sediments can be reduced by excluding the discharge of used concentrated solutions into the sewerage system, by regeneration of used technological and detergent solutions at the place of their formation. The scheme of sludge processing, which provides for their flocculation, gravitational thickening and mechanical dewatering, is proposed. It is shown, that the most efficient flocculant for treatment of sludge of mixed composition is a high-molecular-weight anionic flocculant with the content of ionogenic groups up to 10 %. The effective dosage is 5‒7 kg/t dry solids of sludge. For mechanical dewatering of flocculated sludge, chamber, membrane and belt filter presses as well as screw centrifuges (decanters) can be applied. Depending on the metal content, the dewatered sludge can be used for technical remediation of disturbed areas or for processing in the cement industry. Present study shows a schematic diagram for the preparation of mixed sewage sludge and dry industrial wastes of a metallurgical plant for technical remediation of disturbed lands. For processing sludge with water content between 65‒75 % in cement industry it is recommended to mix the mechanically dewatered sludge with dry wastes, such as abrasive dust and grinding powders, waste core mixtures for casting and other similar wastes.
Designs of reinforcing ropes: history, current status and directions of development
Authors: Kharitonov V. A. , Ul’yanov S. A.
Published: June 2024

The main building material at present is concrete, strengthened by reinforcing elements of various configurations and methods of application. The most effective type of reinforcement for prestressed reinforced concrete structures is a reinforcing rope, which is reinforced in two ways: “on stop” and “on concrete”. The most important requirements for reinforcing ropes are high strength and adhesion to concrete when reinforcing “on the stop”, and a smooth surface when reinforcing “on concrete”. In the current practice of production and use of reinforcing ropes, round tempered or stabilized seven-wire ropes are most widely used. However, these ropes have a relatively low adhesion to concrete, which does not allow a higher prestress to be transferred to the concrete. The aim of the work is to determine the direction of development of production and application of reinforcing ropes based on the analysis of their structures. The analysis reveals the adhesion to concrete is determined by the design of the rope. In addition, the complexity of the manufacturing process, production costs and operating conditions depend on the design. The resistance to rope move-ment in concrete is determined by mechanical and “corkscrew” coupling, with mechanical coupling being the most ef-fective. An increase in the adhesion of the ropes was achieved by the developed surface, shaped section, and lay of wires with a periodic profile. However, these methods complicate the design, manufacturing technology and operating conditions of the rope. The most effective way to increase the adhesion of a reinforcing rope to concrete is the calibrat-ing compression of a twisted rope in a roller die with simultaneous application of a profile to the outer surfaces of the wires of the upper layer. This provides, without changing the design of the rope and the technology of its manufacture, a significant increase in the adhesion of the rope to concrete, its quality indicators and operational properties. In addition, the use of calibrating compression in a round gauge provides an increase in efficiency of reinforcing ropes for reinforcement “on concrete”.
A Neg-Entropy Function Applied to Pairwise Co-Occurrence Matrices in the Study of Ecological Communities
Authors: Feoli Enrico
Published: June 2024

In this paper, I present the results of the application of an entropy function (H(C)), which I suggested in 1972, for matrices of pairwise co-occurrence of species in plant communities, to two sets of very simple “toy” matrices representing different situations of co-occurrence that species or “traits” may have in ecological communities. The first set consists of 7 binary matrices X(M, N) from which 7 pairwise co-occurrence matrices (C(M, M)) are generated by self-matrix multiplication. The second set consists of 6 co-occurrence matrices generated by 6 “toy” graphs that have the minimum number of connections (M-1) and that represent different situations as far as the centrality of nodes is concerned. The entropy (H(C)) is given by the difference between the entropy H(D) of the diagonal D of the co-occurrence matrix C(M, M) and the entropy H(T) of its upper or lower triangular part T, with M(M-1)/2 cells. H(C) is relativized in two ways to give origin to (K(C)) and (R(C)), which I call respectively “index of weighted connectance” and “redundancy”; these have been compared for both the sets of co-occurrence matrices with: a) the ratio (H(D)+H(T))/ ln ((M(M+1)/2), that is, the relative entropy or the evenness of the upper or lower triangular part of C(M, M) including the diagonal D (M, M) (i.e., D+T); b) the formula of Ricotta and Szeidel (2006), which in this case incorporates in the entropy H(D) the entropy of the matrix of co-occurrence itself with values relativized between 0 and 1; c) the evenness of the eigenvalues of C(M, M); d) the chi-square of C(M, M); e) the average nested free; and f) the nested-based similarity between the N vectors of the X(M, N) matrices; and g) the number of centres of the graphs corresponding to the co-occurrence matrices. I used the Pearson correlation coefficient to estimate the correlation between all the parameters used to calculate H(C) and the parameters for the comparisons from a) to g) of the two “toy” data sets. Finally, I used the two correlation matrices for ranking the parameters by the method suggested by Orlóci (1978), based on the sum of squares, in order to evaluate the capacity of each parameter in explaining the variation of the others. The results show that the correlation between the parameters is very high and that H(C) can be considered a good tool to describe the pattern of the graphs of the corresponding co-occurrence matrices.
Judicial Review of the EU's Informal Migration Tools - Admissibility in Cases of Tunisia and Türkiye Deals
Authors: Şeker Emriye Özlem
Published: June 2024

Accountability of the EU in external migration management has become increasingly challenging due to the widespread use of informal tools. Since the Amsterdam Treaty, the EU has exercised this competence primarily through readmission agreements. However, following the urgency of the migration crisis post-2015, coupled with the procedural and legal constraints of readmission agreements and the necessity for flexibility, informal tools like the EU-Turkey Statement (2016) have gained preference over hard law sources. Judicial review of these instruments has only been tested in the case of Türkiye, where the CJEU rejected the case during the admissibility stage. This article evaluates the judicial review of informal migration tools within this context. It does so by examining the potential for annulment against the EU-Tunisia Memorandum of Understanding (2023) from a procedural perspective, drawing upon criteria derived from the Türkiye case and relevant CJEU jurisprudence. It is concluded that the current criteria regarding the status of applicants are insufficient to bring the EU before the CJEU. Therefore, given the ongoing increase in the use of informal tools, there is a pressing need to reform the procedural rules concerning actions for annulment.
Formal Logical Modeling of Impersonal Sentences in the English Language
Authors: Malysheva V. N. , Kurganskaia E. V. , Demin G. A.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The main feature of a sentence is the predicative connection. The two main units – substantive and verbal – are represented in the sentence either through separate words – subject and predicate – or synthetically in one of the parts of the sentence. The question whether subject and predicate play equal part in a sentence remains to be clarified since there are strong arguments in support of every position. The case of impersonal constructions is especially intriguing. So, in English one can find impersonal constructions, which, at first glance, lack a subject.

Methodology and sources. The present study aims to provide formal logical modeling of English independent clause with impersonal constructions based on active and passive verb, by means of the binomiality idea. In cases when a sentence begins not from the main couple, some of the passive constructions express the subject partially or don’t express it at all. The binomiality idea claims the existence of an implicit subject, as well as semi-implicit subject that includes a desemantised adverb there, thus, it explains these cases in the fullest way possible. 

Results and discussion. The formal logical modeling allows concluding that grammar-wise an impersonal construction is a personal one. A predicate with an active verb is accompanied by an explicit subject. In case a sentence starts from the main couple, a predicate with a passive verb can be accompanied by an explicit and (less often) semi-implicit subject, for the membrane of a passive verbal semifinitive is less relief, than the membrane of an active verbal semifinitive and can be subject to pressure from the strong space specifier. If a sentence does not begin with the main couple, then an implicit subject, as well as semiimplicit and explicit ones are possible. In declarative sentences, the implicity of a subject is provided by a strengthening element, whilst in question sentences it is done by a questioning one. Therefore, the weak space specifier cannot be used in declarative sentences, whilst in questioning sentences the strong space specifier is substituted by the weak one.

Conclusion. In cases with desemantised pronoun it or desemantised adverb there the term “impersonal construction” is only reasonable in a semantic sense, but not in a grammar one. Grammar-wise the singular third person is set in all cases – through an explicit or implicit substantive semifinitive and a space specifier. At the same time a semi-implicit subject can be seen quite rarely, whilst an implicit one – very rarely. Ellipsis of subject in English impersonal constructions is impossible.
Conceptual Metaphors in Psychotherapeutic Discourse (Using the Example of the Works of Art by Irwin Yalom and Ken Kesey)
Authors: Shugaylo I. V.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The article discusses the role and features of the conceptual metaphor in psychotherapeutic dis-course using the examples of fiction works by Irwin Yalom “The Schopenhauer Cure”, “Mommy and the Meaning of Life” and Ken Kesey “Over the Cuckoo's Nest” (translated by 2003 by D. Shepelev). The purpose of the article is to illustrate the metaphorical language of psychotherapeutic discourse (PD), involved in the fiction works. The widespread use of metaphor makes it possible to distinguish PD into an independent one. The relevance of linguistic analysis lies in expanding the language of discourses of helping professions.

Methodology and sources. The article is based on the provisions of the theory of conceptual metaphor formulated by J. By Lakoff and M. Johnson. The methodological basis of the analysis are the works about PD and the metaphorical language of psychotherapy (I.V. Karasik, A.R. Markin, M.S. Grineva, E.V. Ermolaeva, etc.). 

Results and discussion. The article describes the characteristics of PD, describes the types of conceptual metaphors that are used in psychotherapeutic discourse based on the analysis of the fiction works. Among the main conceptual metaphors are the metaphors  “dispute is war”, “time is money”, “psyche as a machine”, orientation metaphors, where UP is associated with the concept of mental health, well-being, altruism, strength, high status, rationality, and DOWN  – with images of illness, failure, low social status, emotionality. 

Conclusion. The study shows the specifics of PD, primarily related to its metaphorical language. The examples of the conceptual metaphors highlighted by J. By Lakoff and M. Johnson illustrate the specific feature of PD of I. Yalom and K. Kesey.
The Importance of Human Capital in the Life of a Corporation: the Influence of Managers on the Dynamics of the Social Environment
Authors: Kamyshina E. A.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The purpose of the article is to analyze the influence of managers and their human capital on the corporate social environment, offering tools for such analysis and studying the factors of human capital formation. The relevance of the work is determined by the practical application of network research methods using the in-depth interview method. The result of using such methods is the analysis of the qualities of managers that influence the building of the most positive socio-structural relations in the corporation and contribute to the development of the human capital of the corporation, which is important for society.

Methodology and sources. In developing the methodology there were used the works of sociologists devoted to values (M. Weber, T. Parsons, F. Tennis, P. Bourdieu, V.A. Yadov) and the theory of network human capital (P.P. Deryugin, S.A. Kravchenko, S.A. Dyatlov) were used. The results of research by N.E. Tikhonova, S.A. Solntsev, M. Goltzman and others on the role of leaders in Russian society were used. In addition to the in-depth interview method, the research methodology was based on the concept of "Management Grid", which reveals the work style of a manager through his self-assessment.

Results and discussion. This article is an applied research that reveals the role of human capital of managers in the life of a corporation and its impact on the social environment. It confirms the key importance of human capital and the social institution of corporations for the formation of social structure and economic development, and offers practical recommendations for corporate management with an emphasis on the development of human capital. 

Conclusion. The human capital of managers significantly affects the interaction inside and outside the corporation and the social dynamics of society as a whole. The development of leadership competencies, skills and values plays a key role for the success of corporations and society as a whole. The social component of the life activity of corporations is focused on production by meeting social needs, which emphasizes the central importance of human capital and its impact on the social structure of society.
ТРУДОВИЙ ДОГОВІР В УМОВАХ СПРОЩЕНОГО РЕЖИМУ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ТРУДОВИХ ВІДНОСИН
Authors: КОСІНЦЕВ К.В.
Published: June 2024

У статті, спираючись на аналіз наукових поглядів вчених та норм чинного законодавства, сформовано авторський щодо характеристики трудового говору в умовах спрощеного режиму регулювання трудових відносин. Сформульовано власний підхід щодо розуміння сутності та змісту цієї категорії. Наголошено, що трудовий договір суттєво відрізняється від категорії договору у загально-теоретичному змісті, що пов’язано із його наступними ознаками: по-перше, трудовий договір передбачає угоду з приводу виконання професійної, оплатної, трудової діяльності, здійснюваної систематично на підприємстві, установі чи організації; по-друге, незмінними в усіх випадках є сторони трудового договору – працівник та роботодавець, які за рахунок укладення угоди вступають у трудові правовідносини та визначають договором склад взаємних прав та обов’язків; по-третє, трудовий договір є писаним документом, тобто, це юридичний акт, який має зовнішнє вираження та структуру; він укладається відповідно до вимог юридичної техніки; по-четверте, трудовий договір логічно вважати «обмежено вільним», адже значна частина його змісту, форма, обов’язкові умови, особливості використання в рамках окремих трудових правовідносин, строки, гарантії укладення – прямо визначаються КЗпП, можуть бути доповнені, але не порушені; по-п’яте, прямий та чіткий регламент має порядок укладення, припинення та розірвання трудового договору, що відбувається за наявності визначених КЗпП підстав. Доведено, трудовий договір в умовах спрощеного режиму регулювання трудових відносин - це особливий письмовий юридичний акт – угода між працівником і роботодавцем за якою працівник зобов’язується виконувати роботу, визначену цією угодою, а роботодавець – виплачувати працівникові заробітну плату і забезпечувати умови праці, необхідні для виконання роботи.