bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Aplikasi Koperasi PSPM Paroki Padre Pio Helvetia Medan
Authors: Purba Megaria , Nababan Adli Abdillah , Sipayung Liskedame Yanti , Simarmata Ratih Iren , Malini Malini
Published: July 2024

Penerapan Pengembangan Koperasi Perhimpunan Simpan Pinjam Mandiri (PSPM) Paroki Padre Pio merupakan hasil pengembangan dari aplikasi sebelumnya yang disesuaikan dengan perkembangan koperasi, baik secara kuantitas maupun kualitas. Awalnya, Aplikasi Koperasi PSPM Paroki Padre Pio hanya dioperasikan oleh para pengurus, seperti Ketua, Bendahara, Sekretaris, dan Kolektor, tanpa adanya wadah bagi pengawas dan anggota. Seiring dengan kemajuan koperasi, diperlukan pengembangan aplikasi yang melibatkan anggota dan pengawas. Tujuan dari pengabdian ini adalah menerapkan pengembangan Aplikasi Koperasi PSPM Paroki Padre Pio melalui pelatihan kepada pengurus, kolektor, pengawas, dan anggota sesuai dengan ruang lingkup dan tanggung jawab masing-masing, sehingga proses dalam koperasi menjadi lebih transparan. Koperasi ini berlokasi di Jalan Beringin III No. 9, Helvetia Medan, dan meliputi wilayah Gereja Katolik Paroki Padre Pio Helvetia Medan, di bawah Keuskupan Agung Medan. Koperasi PSPM Paroki Padre Pio adalah wadah untuk menggalang kekuatan ekonomi rakyat yang perlu didorong dan dikembangkan. Koperasi ini memiliki Anggaran Dasar dan Anggaran Rumah Tangga yang mengatur aturan, kewajiban, dan hak setiap anggota, pengurus, dan pengawas. Dengan semangat untuk menabung di antara para anggota, Koperasi PSPM Paroki Padre Pio Medan menciptakan modal bersama yang kemudian dipinjamkan kepada anggota untuk tujuan kesejahteraan, yang diatur sesuai dengan Anggaran Rumah Tangga. Penerapan Pengembangan Koperasi PSPM Paroki Padre Pio merupakan hasil dari penelitian Megaria Purba pada tahun 2020. Pendekatan yang dilakukan dalam penerapan ini adalah dengan pendampingan terhadap pengguna aplikasi, yaitu pengurus koperasi, pengawas, dan anggota. STMIK Pelita Nusantara menjadi mitra dalam pendampingan dan pelatihan yang dilakukan secara tatap muka di lokasi Koperasi PSPM Paroki Padre Pio, Jalan Beringin III No. 9, Helvetia Medan. Hasil akhir yang akan dicapai adalah peningkatan keterlibatan anggota dan pengawas dalam operasional koperasi melalui aplikasi yang diperbarui, menciptakan lingkungan kerja yang lebih transparan dan efisien untuk mencapai tujuan ekonomi yang lebih inklusif bagi komunitas Paroki Padre Pio Helvetia Medan.
Талидомид: история исследования и перспективы медицинского применения (обзор)
Authors: Куркин Денис Владимирович , Бакулин Дмитрий Александрович , Морковин Евгений Игоревич , Крысанов Иван Сергеевич , Макарова Екатерина Владимировна , Цаплина Анна Павловна , Клабукова Дарья Леонидовна , Иванова Ольга Викторовна , Горбунова Юлия Васильевна , Джавахян Марина Аркадьевна , Зверева Валентина Игоревна , Колосов Юрий Анатольевич , Алешникова Кристина Юрьевна
Published: July 2024

Талидомид применялся в 1950-х гг. в качестве седативного средства. Из-за выраженной тератогенности он был удален с рынка в 1960-х гг., а 40 лет спустя возвращен в клинику как противоопухолевое средство. Сейчас талидомид и его производные (IMiDs и CELMoDs) активно применяются для лечения некоторых гематологических опухолей. Спектр его свойств включает иммуномодулирующее, противовоспалительное и антиангиогенное действие, отмечается нейропротекторный и анальгетический потенциал. Талидомид взаимодействует с компонентом убиквитин-лигазного комплекса (белок цереблон), меняя его специфичность, что приводит к протеасомной деградации ряда неосубстратов, в том числе факторов транскрипции, важных для эмбрионального развития (SALL4, p63, PLZF), ключевых для гематологических опухолей (Ikaros, Aiolos, CK1α и др.) и регулирующих экспрессию мРНК ФНО-α. Раскрытие мишени способствовало быстрому развитию технологии PROTAC в рамках поиска способа внутриклеточной деградации целевых белков. В работе описаны некоторые исследования, посвященные современному применению талидомида и его аналогов.
Спектрофотометрическое определение нитроксолина в лекарственных препаратах в мицеллярной среде цетилпиридиния хлорида с использованием методологии поверхности отклика и планов Бокса–Бенкена
Authors: Бакеева Роза Фаридовна , Мамыкина Светлана Юрьевна , Гармонов Сергей Юрьевич
Published: July 2024

Предложено использование методологии поверхности отклика и планов Бокса–Бенкена при разработке спектрофотометрической методики определения нитроксолина в мицеллярной матрице на основе цетилпиридиния хлорида с использованием бинарного растворителя диметилсульфоксид — вода. В качестве целевой функции использовали интенсивность полосы поглощения при 448 нм. Независимыми факторами выбраны: концентрация цетилпиридиния хлорида, рН среды и объемная доля диметилсульфоксида. Определена математическая модель и построены попарные поверхности отклика, имеющие прогностическое значение. При использовании функции желательности выявлена оптимальная матрица для определения содержания нитроксолина: концентрация цетилпиридиния хлорида 4,1 · 10–3 моль/л; pH 7,6; объемная доля диметилсульфоксида 0,4. В этой композиции градуировочная зависимость линейна в области концентраций 0,070 – 2,550 мг/мл и может быть использована для оценки содержания нитроксолина в лекарственных препаратах. Применение методологии поверхности отклика при определении нитроксолина в лекарственных препаратах позволило разработать чувствительную и избирательную методику при использовании мицеллярной среды на основе цетилпиридиния хлорида и спектрофотометрического метода анализа.
Особенности термической деструкции гиалуроната натрия различных молекулярных масс
Authors: Лагутина Екатерина Анатольевна , Ли Екатерина Гавриловна , Панов Алексей Валерьевич , Кедик Станислав Анатольевич , Жаворонок Елена Сергеевна
Published: July 2024

Гиалуроновая кислота и гиалуронаты представляют собой значительный интерес для медицины и фармацевтики, причем область их конкретного применения определяется молекулярной массой этого полисахарида. Методами термического анализа (дифференциальная сканирующая калориметрия и термогравиметрия с масс-спектрометрической регистрацией летучих продуктов деструкции), а также ИК-Фурье-спектроскопии в варианте НПВО исследованы образцы гиалуронанов (гиалуронатов натрия) в диапазоне молекулярных масс от 11,2 до 1800 кДа. Охарактеризованы процессы термической и термоокислительной деструкции гиалуронанов, которые могут быть подразделены на 2 этапа. На первом этапе протекают процессы деструкции, затрагивающие боковые заместители, — N-ацетильные и эфирные группы, а на втором основному воздействию подвергается основная макромолекулярная цепь гиалуронана. Эти процессы более выраженно отделены друг от друга при проведении деструкции в отсутствие кислорода воздуха. На основании полученных результатов обоснован способ экспресс-оценки молекулярной массы гиалуронана по данным дифференциальной сканирующей калориметрии для первичного подбора компонентов медицинских и фармацевтических составов.
Dependence of the properties of the Fe-Cr-Ni alloy on the composition and properties
Authors: Hlushkova Diana
Published: July 2024

Problems. This study employed a multifractal approach to assess the heterogeneous structure of the Fe-Cr-Ni alloy. Goal. The calculation of the spectrum of dimensionalities for microstructural elements (pearlitic matrix, carbides, and graphite) was conducted using the Rényi formula. Methodology. New relationships were established between the structure and properties of the alloy (such as hardness and impact strength), which are described by models allowing prediction of properties from microstructure images. Results. Most of the derived correlations exhibit a linear nature, indicating that not only does the percentage content of a particular structural element influence its properties, but also the shape of the element, as characterized by its fractal dimension, contributes to those properties. Analytical method that can be useful for assessing and improving the characteristics of alloys. Practical value. The essence of the work has a practical value particularly when precise determination of properties is critically important for their application in various fields of science and engineering.
Dependencies for determining heat transfer coefficients and air resistance for heat exchangers with tubular-plate heat exchange surface
Authors: Moshentsev Yuryi , Gogorenko Oleksiy , Nemchenko Andrii
Published: July 2024

Problem. The article analyzes existing generalized dependencies for determining convective heat transfer coefficients and air resistance coefficients for tubular-plate surfaces widely used in the production of modern charge air coolers and radiators. It is established that practical application of such dependencies, in some cases, is associated with significant errors revealed during experimental checks. Consequently, there is a need to adjust such dependencies for corridor bundles of flat-oval tubes with transverse grouped finning by flat fins. Goal. The aim of this study is to correct experimental dependencies for heat exchange and resistance. Numerical coefficients are adjusted on this basis, while the structure of dimensional dependencies remains unchanged. Simultaneously, the study is conducted for further improvement of the methodology for obtaining similar dependencies. Methodology. Adjustment of generalized dependencies for determining convective heat transfer coefficients and air resistance coefficients for tubular-plate heat exchange surfaces is carried out experimentally. Results. New dependencies are proposed for determining heat transfer coefficients and air resistance coefficients for tubular-plate heat exchange surfaces. Their accuracy and efficiency are investigated over a wide range of regimes. Originality and practical value. Unlike known dependencies of a similar nature, the proposed dependencies are provided in a single complex that should be used in modern heat exchanger calculation methods. It is established that the maximum error in determining air temperature according to the proposed dependence does not exceed 0.3 °C for the entire investigated range, and the error in determining aerodynamic resistance does not exceed 8 %, indicating high accuracy of modeling. Such accuracy ensures the possibility of applying the proposed dependencies for engineering calculations.
Comparative analysis of methods for determining asphalt concrete quality indicators in accordance with the current regulatory documents in Ukraine
Authors: Pyrig Yan , Oksak Serhii
Published: July 2024

Problem. Asphalt concrete is the main material used for road pavements. Currently, in Ukraine, the quality of asphalt concrete is assessed using quality indicators, the methods for determining which are presented in the national standard DSTU B V.2.7-319 and in the harmonised European standards of the DSTU EN 12697 series. In recent years, Ukraine has been working on the development of national stan-dards of the DSTU XXXX series «Asphalt mixtures and asphalt concrete. Technical specifications. Part 1 ... 6». One of the main innovations of the standards of this series is the conditions for the simultaneous use of methods for determining the physical and mechanical quality indicators of asphalt concrete in accordance with the methods regulated by national and European regulatory documents. Given that the values of asphalt concrete quality indicators significantly depend on the conditions of their determination, the issue of interchangeability of the methods given in DSTU B B.2.7-319 and the standards of DSTU EN 12697 series is relevant. Goal. The aim of the work was to establish the possibility of simultaneous use of methods for determining the physical and mechanical quality indicators of asphalt concrete according to the methods regulated by national and European regulatory documents. Methodology. To achieve this goal, we compared the methods given in the current DSTU B B.2.7-319 and in the harmonised European standards of the DSTU EN 12697 series. Results. Despite the fundamentally identical approaches to the preparation and testing of asphalt concrete, as described in the national standard DSTU B B.2.7-319 and the harmonised European standards of the DSTU EN 12697 series, there are certain methodological and technological features that affect the results obtained. The main technological factor that differs in these standards is the temperature of both preparation and testing. Therefore, before conducting large-scale experimental studies and publishing the results, it is reasonable to assume that these methods are not interchangeable. Practical value. Based on the analysis, it is advisable to remove from the draft standards of the DSTU XXXX series «Asphalt mixtures and asphalt concrete. Technical specifications. Part 1 ... 6» the requirements for the simultaneous use of the methods given in DSTU B B.2.7-319 and the standards of the DSTU EN 12697 series for the same tests.
Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan Sebelum Dan Sesudah Initial Public Offering (Ipo) Di Bursa Efek Indonesia
Authors: Wildan Yahya Muhammad , Dahlia Iryani Lia , Martanti Endah Lestari Retno
Published: July 2024

This study aims to analyze (1) the company's financial performance before and after (2) Initial Public Offering (IPO) in companies that conducted an IPO in 2018. The company's financial performance is measured by (3) financial ratios consisting of: Current Ratio (CR) , Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Total Assets Turnover (TATO), and Return On Euity (ROE). The sample used in this study were 8 companies. The sample was selected using purposive sampling. The type of research used in this research is descriptive with SPSS 25. Data analysis consists of descriptive statistics, normality test using Kolmogrov Smirnov test and hypothesis testing using Paired Sample T-Test. Based on the test using the Paired Sample T-Test, it shows that the company's financial performance after the IPO there is a difference in the salvoability ratio which is proxied by the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER). While the ratios that do not experience any difference are the liquidity ratio proxied by the Current Ratio (CR), the activity ratio as proxied by Total Assets Turnover (TATO) and the profitability ratio as proxied by Return On Equity (ROE).
Analisis Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi, Kompetensi, Kompensasi, Dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Di Bank Syariah Indonesia Kantor Cabang Pembantu Jepara
Authors: Choirunisa Oktaviani Livia , Sam’ani  , Arumsari Vita
Published: July 2024

This study aims to analyze and obtain empirical evidence regarding the effect of organizational culture, competence, compensation, and work motivation on employee performance in Bank Syariah Indonesia Sub-Branch Office Jepara Pemuda 1 and Sub-Branch Office Jepara Pemuda 2 either simultaneously or partially. The population of the data used in this study includes all employees consisting of two branch offices, namely Bank Syariah Indonesia, Jepara Pemuda 1 Sub-Branch Office and Jepara Pemuda 2 Sub-Branch Office as many as 36 employees. Primary data obtained through the distribution of questionnaires. The data analysis model uses multiple linear regression analysis model. The results of the analysis and discussion show that the variables of organizational culture, competence, compensation, and work motivation simultaneously and partially have a significant effect on employee performance at Bank Syariah Indonesia Sub-Branch Office Jepara Pemuda 1 and Sub-Branch Office Jepara Pemuda 2.
Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan Daerah (Studi Kasus pada Perusahaan Daerah “Rengganis” Kabupaten Probolinggo Jawa Timur Tahun 2018 - 2020)
Authors: Oktaviani Nurlaili , Nasrifah Maula
Published: July 2024

The Rengganis Regional Company of Probolinggo Regency is a company engaged in services that manages (Sports Building) Sasana Krida Gymnasium & Tennis Court, Jabung Tirta Swimming Pool and Bremi Pesanggrahan. To determine the success of the company's ability to develop its business, we can assess the company's performance through financial reports. The purpose of this study was to determine the financial performance of the Rengganis Regional Company, Probolinggo Regency, East Java in 2018 - 2020 and to describe the financial soundness of the Rengganis Regional Company of Probolinggo Regency from 2018 to 2020 based on the Decree of the Minister of SK Menteri BUMN Nomor : KEP-100/ MBU/ 2002. The research approach that the author uses is a descriptive qualitative approach, which is directed at how the financial performance and health level of the Regional Company Rengganis Kab. Probolinggo. Data obtained from financial reports sourced from the Regional Company Rengganis Kab. Probolinggo in 2018, 2019 and 2020. The results show that the financial soundness of the Rengganis Regional Company during the three accounting periods, 2018, 2019 and 2020 according to the Decree of the Minister of SK Menteri BUMN Nomor : KEP-100/ MBU/ 2002 through 8 ratio indicators is not good. This is due to the less than optimal management of the financial performance of the Rengganis regional company.
Studi Komparatif Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Nasabah (Bank Muamalat Indonesia Cabang Probolinggo dan BSI KCP Probolinggo Sudirman)
Authors: Nurarifa Suhma Putriana , Milla Hayatul
Published: July 2024

This study aims to determine the comparative or different effect of service quality on customer satisfaction at two different banks, namely Bank Muamalat Indonesia Probolinggo Branch and BSI KCP Probolinggo Sudirman. The population of this research is all customers of Bank Muamalat Indonesia Probolinggo Branch and BSI KCP Probolinggo Sudirman. While the method used in this study is a random sampling method, namely the sampling of population members is done randomly. So that in this study using a sample of 96 customers for Bank Muamalat Indonesia Probolinggo Branch and as many as 97 customers at BSI KCP Probolinggo Sudirman. In this study, primary data was used, namely through a questionnaire using a measurement scale, namely the Likert scale. The method used in this research is multiple linear regression method. Based on the results of the T test, it shows that there is an effect of service quality of 38.75% on customer satisfaction at Bank Muamalat Indonesia Branch. smaller than 0.05, so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. Likewise with the results of the T-test of Bank Syariah Indonesia Kcp. Probolinggo Sudirman there is an effect of service quality of 30.68% on customer satisfaction. Based on the comparison test, there is a difference in the value of the influence of service quality on Bank Muamalat Indonesia Probolinggo Branch and Bank Syariah Indonesia Kcp. Probolinggo Sudirman by 8.07%. The influence given by service quality on customer satisfaction at Bank Muamalat Indonesia Probolinggo Branch is greater than Bank Syariah Indonesia Kcp. Probolinggo Sudirman.
EXPLORING THE RICH TAPESTRY OF JAMBI MALAY TRADITION AND CULTURE: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF KOMPANGAN IN JAMBI SEBERANG
Authors: Abdullah Haidar  , Evania Herindar  , Fauziah Chairiyati  , Nur Hendrasto
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this research is to explain the history of Kompangan as a musical instrument and the roles of Ulu Gendong Group in preserving the Kompangan as traditional Malay arts in Jambi Seberang. By using anthropological research, the results of this study indicate that Kompangan art is Malay Islamic culture and traditional musical of Jambi Province especially from Jambi Seberang. Kompangan have been brought by immigrants from the Middle East. Sambilan Group was founded in Kampung Tengah, Jambi, and that is where Kompangan got its start. Kompangan art has evolved in several districts one of them in Ulu Gedong. Ulu Gedong, Riyatul Jannah, Riyatul Abedin, and Al-Hidayah are the four main compangan groups that make up from Ulu Gedong. Young generation play a crucial role in the preservation of Kompang in Jambi Seberang. The goal for the next generation will value their culture more and keep their cultural legacy alive, particularly this Kompangan art.
Small Business Development Strategy Through Go Digital in The Martapura Snakehead Fish Floss Business as a Regional Superior Product
Authors: Wahyuni Nurul , Rusidah Siti
Published: July 2024

The presence of superior products in a region can significantly boost economic development. In Martapura City, Indonesia, the fisheries and marine sector, supported by a substantial supply capacity, holds potential as a driver of economic growth. A notable example is the snakehead fish processing business, which taps into the region's resources. This research aims to analyze the potential of this business and formulate strategies for developing Snakehead Fish Floss in Martapura through digital marketing. This research uses a qualitative approach with in-depth observation, where primary data was obtained through structured interviews with snakehead fish shredded business actors in Martapura. The research results found that the business potential for snakehead fish floss is very large because there is rarely any difficulty obtaining raw materials. Preparedness and consistency are needed in implementing marketing digitalization in small businesses, and the benefits of digitalization are felt realistically by snakehead fish floss business actors, increasing sales. The results of this research can be generalized to other small businesses because advances in digital technology cannot be avoided at this time.
Utilization of Livestock Waste (Cow Manure) and Household Waste (Waste Cooking Oil) as Briquettes to Substitute Alternative Fuels
Authors: Noorrahman Nabil Fariz , Sandriya Ardi , Paulini Paulini
Published: July 2024

As the global population continues to grow, there is a corresponding increase in energy consumption annually. The need for alternative energy sources is evident in light of the finite reserves of oil. Briquettes are a renewable energy option that can help decrease reliance on oil. Briquettes can be produced through the utilization of organic waste materials. This research was carried out from 19 September to 18 October 2023, at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Palangka Raya, and the Analytical Laboratory, Muhammadiyah University, Palangka Raya. The aim of this research is to determine the quality of briquettes made using cow dung charcoal and cooking oil as an adhesive. The parameters of this research are water content, ash content, burn rate, and colorific value. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) model with 4 treatments and each treatment was repeated 5 times so that there were 20 experimental units. The composition of the briquettes consists of (P1) = 90% cow dung and 10% used cooking oil, (P2): 87.5% cow dung and 12.5% ​​used cooking oil, (P3): 85% cow dung and 15% used cooking oil and (P4): 82.5% cow dung and 17.5% ​​used cooking oil. The results of variance analysis showed that the parameters of water content, ash content, burn rate, and colorific value did not show a significant influence between treatments (P>0.05) although there was a trend that P1 and P3 were better than the other treatments. It was concluded that the best quality of briquettes in terms of water content and ash content was in the P1 treatment (Briquettes with a composition of 90% cow dung and 10% used cooking oil), whereas if viewed from the burning rate and calorific value of the best briquettes, it was the P3 treatment (Briquettes with a composition of 85 % cow dung and 15% used cooking oil).
Montessori, Math, and Materials: A Case of Extended Cognition
Authors: Di Paolo Laura Desirée , Frierson Patrick R.
Published: July 2024

In this article, we bring Maria Montessori’s pedagogy into conversation with contemporary developments in cognitive science and the philosophy of mind. In particular, we seek to show that Montessori’s “prepared environment” provides a context within which cognitive tasks are performed in the interfaces and interactions among brains, bodies, and concrete mathematical materials. For ease of illustration, we will focus on one particular Montessori material—the “Stamp Game,” used by children of approximately ages 4-7 for ordinary arithmetic. In both cases, our goal is, first, to show the way in which this particular material can be enmeshed with a particular child’s brain and body in order to become capable of complex mathematical operations. In that sense, we argue that the child+stamp-game or child+square-root-board constitutes a case of what contemporary philosophers call “extended cognition,” that is, a “cognitive process…constituted or realized by resources distributed across the brain, the body, and the environment” (Kirchhoff & Kiverstein, 2019, 8). Here we highlight that extended cognitive systems can not merely enact mathematical operations but can actualize mathematical understanding.
School-Based Interventions for Children with Behavioral Difficulties: The Lack of Implementation of Evidence- Based Practices
Authors: Steenweg Elisa M. , Dekkers Tycho , Doffer Dominique Petra Amadee , van den Hoofdakker Barbara , Groenman Annabeth , Luman Marjolein
Published: July 2024

Children with behavioral difficulties and their teachers frequently experience challenges at school, which may be the reason for a school-based intervention. Here, we evaluated the utilization of school-based interventions for behavioral difficulties at Dutch schools and their evidence-base. We also explored some potential factors associated with evidence-based practices at schools. We conducted a survey among 102 school mental health professionals from different schools and asked about their utilization of 22 available Dutch school-based interventions, whereafter we systematically evaluated the evidence-base of these interventions. In addition, we gathered information on professionals’ attitudes towards evidence-based practice, knowledge about behavioral problems, and their educational specialization, in order to analyze associations between these factors and the use of evidence-based interventions for children with behavioral difficulties. We found that most school-based interventions for children with behavioral difficulties currently utilized lack robust empirical support, and that interventions that are specifically developed for children with behavioral difficulties are hardly used. None of our potential predictors were related to the use of evidence-based interventions for children with behavioral difficulties. Given the lack of empirical support, we underscore the need for implementation of effective school-based interventions for children with behavioral difficulties. This would require a multifaceted approach encompassing research into promising interventions, de-implementation of interventions that lack evidence of effectiveness, more insight into which factors facilitate the implementation of evidence-based interventions, and more rigorous support for implementing evidence-based interventions in schools.
Advancements in Distributed Systems for Large Language Model Training and Serving
Authors: Smith Noah
Published: July 2024

The rapid advancements in large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized the field of artificial intelligence, enabling break- throughs in natural language processing, generation, and reasoning. However, the exponential growth in model size and computational requirements poses significant challenges in efficiently training and serving these models. This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in distributed systems for training and serving LLMs, highlighting key techniques, frameworks, and systems that address the scalability, efficiency, and fault tolerance challenges. For distributed training, we discuss various paralleliza- tion strategies, including data, model, and pipeline parallelism, and their integration into systems like Megatron-LM and DeepSpeed. We focus on novel approaches such as ZeRO, 3D parallelism, and SWARM parallelism, which enable training of models with billions to trillions of parameters. Techniques for optimizing communica- tion, load balancing, and fault tolerance, such as asynchronous training, and efficient checkpointing, are also explored. In the do- main of serving, we examine systems and methods that support efficient inference, including model quantization, distillation, and optimization frameworks such as TensorRT and ONNX Runtime. Additionally, we review case studies and real-world applications, providing insights into the deployment and operational challenges faced by industry leaders. Our survey aims to provide a holistic understanding of the state-of-the-art in distributed training and serving of LLMs, identifying key research directions and open chal- lenges for future exploration.
Die Zukunft des Lernens: Eine Bedarfsanalyse von computer- und datenbasierten personalisierten Lernprogrammen im öffentlichen Schulsystem in Sachsen. Eine Mixed-Methods-Studie zu den Ansichten von Schülerinnen und Schülern.
Authors: Maskow Paul
Published: July 2024

Diese Staatsexamensarbeit untersucht die Ansichten von Schüler*innen zur Einführung computer- und datenbasierter personalisierter Lernprogramme im öffentlichen Schulsystem Sachsens mithilfe einer quantitativen und einer qualitativen Befragung (Mixed-Methods). Nach der Darstellung der aktuellen Herausforderungen im Unterricht und der Notwendigkeit eines Wandels im Bildungssystem wird das Konzept des personalisierten Lernens erläutert. Dabei werden theoretische Grundlagen, aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse sowie Potenziale und Herausforderungen beleuchtet. Im Mittelpunkt der Arbeit stehen die personalisierten Lernprogramme und das interdisziplinäre Konzept von Nörenberg et al. (2022), das als Basis für die empirische Untersuchung dient. Durch Fragebögen und Gruppendiskussionen werden die Meinungen der Schüler*innen zu den Bedarfen, Herausforderungen und konkreten Vorschlägen hinsichtlich der Implementierung solcher Programme erfasst.Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine große Mehrheit der Schüler*innen die Einführung personalisierter Lernprogramme befürwortet. Sie erkennen die Vorteile, wie die Anpassung an individuelle Lernbedürfnisse und -voraussetzungen, das Lernen im eigenen Tempo und das bessere Verständnis schwieriger Themen. Zudem wird betont, dass solche Programme die Motivation und das Engagement der Lernenden steigern können.Jedoch werden auch Bedenken geäußert, insbesondere hinsichtlich der Datenschutzrisiken, der möglichen Reduktion sozialer Interaktionen und der Gefahr, dass Leistungsunterschiede zu erheblichen Nachteilen im gemeinsamen Lernen führen könnten. Schließlich werden verschiedene Vorschläge zur Verbesserung und sicheren Implementierung personalisierter Lernprogramme diskutiert.Diese Arbeit zeigt, dass die Implementierung personalisierter Lernprogramme eine sorgfältige Planung und die Beteiligung aller schulischen Akteure erfordert, um die Potenziale solcher Programme voll ausschöpfen zu können.
A Systematic Review of Neural Network Applications for Groundwater Level Prediction
Authors: Afful Samuel , Boateng Cyril , Ahene Emmanuel , Nii Armah Aryee Jeffery , Wemegah David , Gidigasu Solomon , Britwum Akyana , Osei Marian , Gilbert Jesse , Touré Haoulata , Mensah Vera
Published: July 2024

This systematic review investigates the application of neural networks (NNs) for groundwater level (GWL) prediction. The study employs the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) technique to screen and synthesize relevant data, focusing on input variables, data size, and performance metrics. The results indicate a growing preference for hybrid models, which are effective in capturing hidden relationships between GWL and environmental factors. The root mean square error (RMSE) emerges as the predominant performance metric, highlighting its significance in evaluating NNs. The incorporation of lagged values is identified as crucial for enhancing predictive accuracy. In conclusion, this systematic review provides a concise overview of NN applications in GWL prediction, emphasizing the efficacy of hybrid models and the importance of RMSE as a performance metric. The findings contribute to the understanding of trends in groundwater research, addressing both technical nuances and broader environmental challenges.
The is-ought problem in deciding what to replicate: which motives guide current replication practices?
Authors: Kamermans Kevin Leander , Dudda Leonie , Daikoku Tatsuya , Verheyen Steven
Published: July 2024

This is a comment on the article Replication value as a function of citation impact and sample size by Isager, van ‘t Veer, and Lakens that is to appear in Meta-Psychology (https://osf.io/preprints/metaarxiv/knjea).
Mediating Role of Self-efficacy to Sustain Women Entrepreneurship in Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Radha Devi
Published: July 2024

Self-efficacy in terms of entrepreneurship is the perceived ability of entrepreneurs to overcome the special situations faced during the business operation. This study has been carried out to examine the mediating role of self-efficacy between policy support and sustainable women entrepreneurship in Nepal. Women having at least three years of business experience were selected from four provinces that are convenient to the researcher. A total of 353 survey questionnaires were collected from the sample. Casual relational research design was used to find the effect of policy support and self-efficacy on the survivability of women’s businesses. Structural equation modeling with AMOS was used to analyze the five-point Likert scale structured questionnaire. The result found that policy support has a significant indirect effect on entrepreneurial survivability through the mediating effect of self-efficacy. In the presence of the mediating variable, policy support has a non-significant direct relationship to survivability. This means the influence of policy support on survivability is fully mediated through the mediation of self-efficacy. This study suggests the policy makers to emphasize self-efficacy while making intervention plan regarding the promotion of women entrepreneurship and their business sustainability in Nepal.
Speech Act Theory in Visual Narratives: An Analysis of Communication through Sequential Art
Authors: Chattopadhyay Pallabi
Published: July 2024

An increasing curiosity in communication through visual narratives has been observed in recent years in multidisciplinary research. This paper focuses on how speech act theory plays a role in visual linguistics through the analysis of a few selected visual narratives. With the help of a content analysis methodology, this paper focuses on qualitative research by analysing the data through the speech act theory present in the visual narratives. It demonstrates its intent through a few carefully chosen visual narratives, ‘Hada Bhoda’ Accepted: 20 June 2024 Orcid https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5771-6941 Cite Chattopadhyay, P. (2024). Speech act theory in visual narratives: An analysis of communication through sequential art. Gipan, 6(1), 119–133. https://doi.org/10.3126/gipan.v6i1. ...... Introduction and ‘Doraemon’ from two different cultures, Bengali and Japanese respectively. The study indicates how picture stories serve as a type of speaking act, transmitting meaning in the conversations present in the visual narratives and also prompting responses from viewers. It is possible to have a greater knowledge of the communication dynamics, intentionality, and impacts of language and speech within the visual narratives by analysing locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary acts in the picture stories.
Changing Pattern and Drivers of Land Use and Land Cover in Bagmati Province of Nepal
Authors: Rimal Bhagawat , Paudel Basanta , Rijal Sushila , Pangali Sharma Til Prasad , Pandey Pramod
Published: July 2024

Land use and land cover (LULC) represents the physical component of the Earth's environment, and often changes as a result of natural and anthropogenic activities. This study carried out changing patterns and orientations of LULC types of Bagmati province of Nepal by using satellite images between 1996 and 2016. The study applied a classification scheme through support vector machines (SVM) for the period from 1996 to 2006, and 2006 to 2016. Our study explored that built-up area expansion was the major change witnessed which increased from 85.25 km2 in 1996 and sharply increased and labeled 250.06 km2 in 2016. Similarly, the forest land of the province increased by 329.02 km2 between 1996 and 2016. The status of cultivated land was found slightly decreasing trend, which was noted at 6113.50 km2 in 1996 and labeled at 5725.82 km2 in 2016. The shrubland of the province declined by 272.03 km2 from 1851.67 km2 in 1996 to 1579.64 km2 in 2016. However, the status of snow/ ice cover found at fluctuated form, which was noted 774.27 km2 in 1996, 1297.43 km2 in 2006, and 828.92 km2 in 2016. The increasing population trend is the main driver of the high rate of built-up area expansion and contraction of the cultivated land. Community forestry programs highly supported the expansion of forest cover. The proper implementation and improvement of the existing policy are the major concerns for sustainable LULC management in the province.
Socio-Economic Vulnerability to Potential Flood in Tamakoshi River in Nepal
Authors: Sigdel Shalik Ram
Published: July 2024

Tamakoshi, a transboundary river flowing from Tibet, China to Nepal has experienced several disastrous flash floods resulting in the loss of lives, infrastructures, settlements, lands, and other assets. Many households, populations, and public and private properties such as houses, land, roads, bridges, etc. are likely to be affected by the potential flash floods. This study discusses the occurrence of flash floods, losses and damages from such floods in the past, and socio-economic vulnerability to potential flash floods. It further discusses the preparedness and response activities and identifies the measures for flood risk reduction. The methods adopted for data collection included observation, household surveys, and focus group discussions. The villages selected for detailed study are Gongarkhola, Jagat, Jamune, Bhorle, and Sigati bazaar, identified as the most vulnerable settlements along the Tama Koshi River. It is found that flash floods and high-intensity precipitation occur frequently in the study area resulting in loss of life and properties, and people and properties are exposed to the potential flash floods. Local people are still feeling vulnerable to such flash floods. The government authorities alone are not able to achieve greater success in carrying out preparedness and response activities for flood risk reduction without the active involvement and participation of the vulnerable communities. Development and effective implementation of land-use guidelines and building codes, watershed management, early warning systems, and networking among the people residing across the river are some of the activities identified to reduce flood risk. Although people have a good understanding and knowledge about floods and their occurrences, they pay less attention to preparedness and mitigation. It is also concluded that structural measures alone are not sufficient and effective enough for flood risk reduction
Discerning the Distinctive Characteristics of Key Research Paradigms and their Constituents
Authors: Shrestha Bharat Kumar , Sharma Lok Raj
Published: July 2024

Background: Research paradigms are the underlying philosophical and theoretical frameworks that guide research studies. This article identifies and discusses key research paradigms: positivism, postpositivism, pragmatism, constructivism, interpretivism, and advocacy. Additionally, it explores their prominent constituents: ontology, epistemology, axiology, and methodology.
Methodology: The article has been prepared through a thorough review of key texts regarding research paradigms in books and journal articles. This literature review method ensures a detailed and accurate portrayal of the paradigms and their constituents.
Findings: Positivism emphasizes empirical evidence. Postpositivism recognizes the role of values and subjectivity. Pragmatism evaluates theories based on practical usefulness. Constructivism views knowledge as constructed by individuals through experiences. Interpretivism emphasizes understanding and interpreting the meanings people attach to their experiences. Advocacy or participatory research stresses the active involvement of community members and stakeholders in the research process. Ontology studies the nature of existence. Epistemology involves discerning the characteristics and limits of knowledge. Axiology examines values and what is considered good and valuable. Methodology systematically analyzes methods in a field of study.
Conclusion: Understanding research paradigms has practical implications for researchers. It aids in pursuing the research process, selecting appropriate methodologies, and enhancing the credibility of their studies. This understanding ensures that research is methodologically sound, ethically robust, and socially impactful.
Novelty: This article provides a synthesized overview of the major research paradigms and their key components, offering a valuable resource for researchers to understand and navigate the complexities of research methodologies and philosophical frameworks.
Provenance and Petrographic Analysis of Paleogene Sandstones in the Bukit Tigapuluh Area, Jambi Subbasin, Indonesia
Authors: Daryono Sapto Kis , Idarwati Idarwati
Published: July 2024

The study investigates the provenance of Paleogene sandstone deposits from the Lemat Formation in the Lubuk Lawas and Lubuk Bernai sections of the Bukit Tigapuluh area, Jambi Subbasin, South Sumatra Basin, Indonesia. The research aims to elucidate the formation history and stratigraphic evolution of these sedimentary rocks through detailed petrographic analysis. Twenty-two rock samples were analyzed to classify the sandstones and determine their source rock types and tectonic settings. The results indicate that the sandstones are primarily classified as Lithic Arkose, Arkosic Subarkose, Feldspathic Litharenite, Silty Claystone, Sublitharenite, and Subarkosic Wacke. The provenance analysis suggests that these sandstones originated from a tectonic setting of a recycled orogenic zone, comprising quartzose recycled, transitional recycled, and mixed sources, indicating a combination of primary and recycled orogenic materials. Paleocurrent analysis from sedimentary structures in the Lubuk Bernai area suggests deposition directions from the southwest and southeast. This study provides significant insights into the paleogeography and tectonic evolution of the Lemat Formation within the Jambi Subbasin. Further research should focus on integrating geochemical data to refine the understanding of sedimentary provenance and tectonic implications.
Potential Waste Reduction Through 3R (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle) in Surabaya City: Focus on East and South Surabaya
Authors: Nampira Anisa Apriliani , Pramestyawati Talent Nia , Afrianisa Ro’du Dhuha
Published: July 2024

Surabaya, the second largest city in Indonesia, faces significant environmental challenges, particularly waste management. To address this issue, the Surabaya City Government, through the Surabaya City Environmental Service (DLH), has introduced an innovative solution: the waste bank program. This practical work aims to evaluate the potential for waste reduction in East Surabaya and South Surabaya using the 3R (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle) system facilitated by the waste bank program. The waste bank involves the sorting and collecting of recyclable and reusable waste with economic value. Initially, waste sorting was done at the waste bank, but there has been progress. Now, many customers are sorting their waste by type at home. However, some waste bank administrators still need to sort waste on-site due to some customers' inability to do so. The waste bank program also maintains organized weighing and management procedures. All transactions are meticulously recorded in both cash books and passbooks. The results of this program show that waste reduction in active waste banks in East Surabaya and South Surabaya is 0.088%, while the overall waste reduction managed by the Environmental Service (DLH) is 0.571%. To enhance the effectiveness of the waste bank program, it is essential to conduct awareness campaigns to educate the public on the importance of waste management. Additionally, offering rewards to customers could further motivate them to actively participate in the waste bank program.
Colorado
Authors: Templeton Toni
Published: July 2024

In 2023, in lieu of overhauling the antiquated school funding formulas, the Colorado state legislature instead provided a historic increase to public education primarily through reduction of the Negative Factor (i.e., Budget Stabilization Factor), a mechanism put in place to reduce governmental spending across all sectors following the Great Recession. Traditional public schools, as well as charter schools and online and blended learning schools benefitted from the 2023 school finance changes. The legislature also sent a property tax relief bill to voters, which if approved, provides taxpayer relief from rising property values and offers support for teacher recruitment and retention with increased salaries and classroom support staff.
New Jersey
Authors: Webber Clay
Published: July 2024

This article is a brief summary and update of the public school funding in the state of New Jersey for FY2023. The state of New Jersey’s per pupil expenditure rate is among the highest in the nation. The public education funding formula is a complex, student-based design that has ever been fully funded by the legislature. The New Jersey legislature passed the largest state budget in history during the 2021 session at $46.4 billion. The education budget is approximately 20% of the entire state budget. New Jersey public schools will receive $9.9 billion, an increase of $650 million in funding. Since 2018, the Murphy administration has increased K-12 formula aid by more than $1.8 billion. Charter schools are the main alternative to traditional public schooling in New Jersey. As of June 2021, there are 91 charter schools and approximately 57,453 students enrolled in these programs within the state. The major issues impacting P-12 include underfunded pension plans, equity of school funding, and special education funding. The legislature approved the governor’s recommended addition of $649.8 million in K-12 formula aid. This increase puts New Jersey on track to fully fund the formula by 2025.
Florida
Authors: Sabina Lou L.
Published: July 2024

The state of Florida has seen many changes this year to both P-12 education and higher education. Most of the changes can be linked to Governor Ron DeSantis, who has backed the culture wars, changes to history and civics education, expansion of school vouchers, and changes and regulations to the state system of higher education.