bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systemic inflammation in COVID‐19 patients may induce various types of venous and arterial thrombosis: A systematic review
Authors: Tomerak Sara , Khan Safah , Almasri Muna , Hussein Rawan , Abdelati Ali , Aly Ahmed , Salameh Mohammad A. , Saed Aldien Arwa , Naveed Hiba , Elshazly Mohamed B. , Zakaria Dalia
Published: September 2021

COVID‐19 is a global pandemic with a daily increasing number of affected individuals. Thrombosis is a severe complication of COVID‐19 that leads to a worse clinical course with higher rates of mortality. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that hyperinflammation plays a crucial role in disease progression. This review compiles clinical data of COVID‐19 patients who developed thrombotic complications to investigate the possible role of hyperinflammation in inducing hypercoagulation. A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, Medline and Scopus to identify relevant clinical studies that investigated thrombotic manifestations and reported inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers in COVID‐19 patients. Only 54 studies met our inclusion criteria, the majority of which demonstrated significantly elevated inflammatory markers. In the cohort studies with control, D‐dimer was significantly higher in COVID‐19 patients with thrombosis as compared to the control. Pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis and strokes were frequently reported which could be attributed to the hyperinflammatory response associated with COVID‐19 and/or to the direct viral activation of platelets and endothelial cells, two mechanisms that are discussed in this review. It is recommended that all admitted COVID‐19 patients should be assessed for hypercoagulation. Furthermore, several studies have suggested that anticoagulation may be beneficial, especially in hospitalized non‐ICU patients. Although vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2 have been approved and distributed in several countries, research should continue in the field of prevention and treatment of COVID‐19 and its severe complications including thrombosis due to the emergence of new variants against which the efficacy of the vaccines is not yet clear.
Multimodal travel‐time maps with formally correct and schematic isochrones
Authors: Forsch Axel , Dehbi Youness , Niedermann Benjamin , Oehrlein Johannes , Rottmann Peter , Haunert Jan‐Henrik
Published: September 2021

The automatic generation of travel‐time maps is a prerequisite for many fields of application such as tourist assistance and spatial decision support systems, for example to analyze the accessibility of health and social facilities. The task is to determine outlines of zones that are reachable from a user’s location in a given amount of time. In this work we focus on travel‐time maps with a formally guaranteed SEPARATION PROPERTY in the sense that a zone exactly contains the part of the road network that is reachable within a pre‐defined time from a given starting point and start time. In contrast to other automated methods that create travel‐time maps, our approach generates schematized travel‐time maps that reduce the visual complexity by representing each zone by an octilinear polygon, that is, the edges of the polygons use only eight pre‐defined orientations. We aim for octilinear polygons with a small number of bends to further optimize the legibility of the map. The reachable parts of the road network are determined by the integration of timetable information for different modes of public transportation, for example buses, trains or ferries, and pedestrian walkways based on a multimodal time‐expanded network. Moreover, the travel‐time maps generated visualize multiple travel times using a map overlay of different time zones and taking natural barriers such as rivers into account. In experiments on real‐world data we compare our schematic visualizations to travel‐time maps created with other visualization techniques with respect to simple but robust quality measures such as the number of bends and the perimeter of the zones.
Autophagy during drought: function, regulation, and potential application
Authors: Tang Jie , Bassham Diane C.
Published: September 2021

Drought is a major challenge for agricultural production since it causes substantial yield reduction and economic loss. Autophagy is a subcellular degradation and recycling pathway that functions in plant development and responses to many stresses, including drought. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the function of autophagy and how autophagy is upregulated during drought stress. Autophagy helps plants to survive drought stress, and the mechanistic basis for this is beginning to be elucidated. Autophagy can selectively degrade aquaporins to adjust water permeability, and also degrades excess heme and damaged proteins to reduce their toxicity. In addition, autophagy can degrade regulators or components of hormone signaling pathways to promote stress responses. During drought recovery, autophagy degrades drought‐induced proteins to reset the cell status. Autophagy is activated by multiple mechanisms during drought stress. Several transcription factors are induced by drought to upregulate autophagy‐related gene expression, and autophagy is also regulated post‐translationally through protein modification and stability. Based on these observations, manipulation of autophagy activity may be a promising approach for conferring drought tolerance in plants.
Immunoadsorption with staphylococcal protein A column in autoimmune encephalitis
Authors: Chen Jiaxin , Feng Li , Zhou Hongyan , Shen Cunzhou , Sun Xunsha , Wang Haiyan , Lai Rong , Huang Xin , Feng Huiyu
Published: September 2021

Background

Early treatment has a positive effect on autoimmune encephalitis. However, different treatments have individual differences and corresponding contraindications in the clinical. Few reports have described the application of immunoadsorption with Staphylococcal Protein A Column (SPA‐IA) in neuroimmune diseases. We aimed to observe the safety and efficiency of SPA‐IA in autoimmune encephalitis.

Patients and Methods

We retrospectively analyzed three cases of autoimmune encephalitis wherein the first‐line treatment was ineffective or contraindicated. The clinical features and prognosis during and after SPA‐IA are described in detail.

Results

All patients were definitely diagnosed with autoimmune encephalitis. After treated with SPA‐IA, all antibody titers, except for the serum antibody titer in Patient 2, were markedly decreased in both the cerebral spinal fluid and serum. The mean fibrinogen levels before and after SPA‐IA were stable, and there were no clinical bleeding events. The modified Rankin Scale scores and their symptoms improved significantly after the last SPA‐IA session or 3 months later.

Conclusions

SPA‐IA may be a viable, efficacious, and safe treatment alternative for autoimmune encephalitis with contraindications to traditional treatment or poor response.
Importancia de la adaptación del odontólogo de acuerdo con las necesidades de los pacientes: Síndrome de Cornelia de Lange, a propósito de dos casos clínicos
Authors: Arriagada Vargas Carolina , Soto Galaz Rubén , Rubio Ortiz Aída
Published: September 2021

Antecedentes: El Síndrome Cornelia de Lange (SCdL) es un síndrome que presenta características congénitas, físicas y conductuales específicas, y que varían entre cada persona. Es una enfermedad rara, que presenta una prevalencia de 1 entre 10.000 a 60.000 individuos. Descripción del caso: El presente artículo compara dos casos clínicos de personas con SCdL, atendidas en la la Clínica de Cuidados Especiales (CCE) de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Chile (FOUCh), en el cual se muestran distintos estados de salud bucal y por lo tanto diferentes aproximaciones terapéuticas, incluyendo al equipo multidisciplinario en la atención de ambos. Conclusión: Es importante que el odontólogo y el equipo de salud en general se adapten a las necesidades y condiciones de los pacientes, para realizar un tratamiento odontológico integral e individualizado para cada persona.
Thermal Monitoring and Modeling of Ti–6Al–4V Thin Wall Temperature Distribution During Blown Powder Laser Directed Energy Deposition
Authors: Paudel Basil J. , Marshall Garrett J. , Thompson Scott M.
Published: September 2021

The effects of Ti–6Al–4V part size on its temperature distribution during the blown-powder directed energy deposition (DED) process were investigated through dual-thermographic monitoring and a unique modeling technique. Results demonstrate that the duration of dwell times presented to be a significant contributing factor affecting the rate at which a steady-state temperature field is achieved. Longer thin walls took significantly more layers/time to achieve a uniform temperature profile. Maximum and average melt pool temperatures appear to be near independent of part size at steady-state. Finite element simulation results showed that a quasi-steady melt pool temperature may be unique to a layer, especially during earlier cladding processes near the substrate and that the layer-wise steady melt pool was achieved within the first few seconds of track scanning. A proposed fin modeling-based temperature distribution was found to predict the thermal profile in a “substrate affected zone” (SAZ) along the scan direction within 5%. A method to predict the onset of the SAZ has also been proposed. This work demonstrates that process parameters used for the DED of component volumes are not necessarily optimal for thin-walled structures due to variation in thermal capacity.
Anomalous Nonlinear Dynamics Behavior of Fractional Viscoelastic Beams
Authors: Suzuki Jorge L. , Kharazmi Ehsan , Varghaei Pegah , Naghibolhosseini Maryam , Zayernouri Mohsen
Published: September 2021

Fractional models and their parameters are sensitive to intrinsic microstructural changes in anomalous materials. We investigate how such physics-informed models propagate the evolving anomalous rheology to the nonlinear dynamics of mechanical systems. In particular, we study the vibration of a fractional, geometrically nonlinear viscoelastic cantilever beam, under base excitation and free vibration, where the viscoelasticity is described by a distributed-order fractional model. We employ Hamilton's principle to obtain the equation of motion with the choice of specific material distribution functions that recover a fractional Kelvin–Voigt viscoelastic model of order α. Through spectral decomposition in space, the resulting time-fractional partial differential equation reduces to a nonlinear time-fractional ordinary differential equation, where the linear counterpart is numerically integrated through a direct L1-difference scheme. We further develop a semi-analytical scheme to solve the nonlinear system through a method of multiple scales, yielding a cubic algebraic equation in terms of the frequency. Our numerical results suggest a set of α-dependent anomalous dynamic qualities, such as far-from-equilibrium power-law decay rates, amplitude super-sensitivity at free vibration, and bifurcation in steady-state amplitude at primary resonance.
Assessment of Design Collapse Equations for OCTG Pipes Under Combined Loads
Authors: Silva Eduardo F. P. , Netto Theodoro A.
Published: September 2021

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the design collapse equations presented in Chap. 8 and Annex F of the current standard ISO TR 10400 for casings under external pressure and axial tension. A nonlinear numerical model has been developed to analyze the performance of these equations to predict casing collapse under combined loads. Experimental tests have been performed with different diameters, d/h ratio, and steel grade to calibrate the numerical model. The design collapse equations shown in the ISO TR 10400 are replicated from the API 5C3. Due to the various limitations identified since the first publication of the American Petroleum Institute (API) equations, the API Work Group has assessed different models to be used as design collapse equations and Klever–Tamano (KT) model has shown to be reliable and more accurate. However, the API Work Group included the KT model in the API 5C3 as informative. For this reason, KT model is presented in the Annex F of ISO TR 10400. The work done in this paper has confirmed the better performance of KT model for most of the cases analyzed. For combined loading, the API collapse equation results in a simple strength derating method, while the KT model has achieved similar behavior for low values of axial tension when comparing the experimental results. The axial tension for the casings into the well is likely to be lower than 40% of yield strength. Therefore, the KT model has shown to be more convenient to well design than API equations.
Oscillating Frequencies Generated by Combustion Oscillation in a Combustor Tube Fueled by Natural Gas and a Hydrogen Mixture
Authors: Uemichi Akane , Mitani Kan , Yamasaki Yudai , Kaneko Shigehiko
Published: September 2021

From previous combustion oscillation experiments using a simulated gas turbine combustor, oscillation frequencies around 350 Hz were measured in only natural gas-fired, and around 200 and 400 Hz were measured in the case of hydrogen-containing fuel. In this study, the axial gas column vibration mode was assumed, and the method to reproduce the change of oscillating frequency due to the difference of fuel was investigated. In the previous study, the temperature distribution in the combustor was divided into only two regions, and there were problems in terms of parameter estimation for modeling the flame dynamics. Therefore, the transfer matric method that incorporates a linear temperature gradient was employed. Also, the temperature distributions obtained from computational fluid dynamics, and experiments were reduced to one dimension to reproduce the difference in combustion characteristics due to the difference in fuel composition; four methods were proposed, the axial representative temperatures. The Nyquist plot method was used to calculate up to 10 combinations of resonant frequency and growth rate simultaneously. Furthermore, the oscillation frequency was determined in which the resonance frequency with the growth rate was maximum. As a result, the value of the oscillating frequency obtained differed depending on creating the representative temperature distribution.
The Influence of Environmental Constraints in 360° Videos on Decision Making in Soccer
Authors: Musculus Lisa , Bäder Jurek , Sander Lukas , Vogt Tobias
Published: September 2021

Decision making is an important prerequisite of soccer expertise. Beyond expertise, considering the effects of environmental constraints on decision-making processes could help specify existing theories. To address this gap, expert and nonexpert soccer players were enrolled to test how environmental constraints affect decision-making processes. Environmental constraints were experimentally manipulated: Opponent pressure was implemented by presenting a close opponent player in soccer scenes, time constraint was implemented by providing short time intervals for making the decision, and first-person perspective was implemented by using 360° videos. The experts outperformed the nonexperts, and the results showed significant main effects of time constraint and opponent pressure, but not perspective. The players’ option and decision quality improved under the time constraint but were negatively affected by opponent pressure. The negative effects of opponent pressure were especially true under limited time and in third-person perspective. The results, alternative manipulations, and implications of environmental effects are discussed for decision-making research.
Examining Neural Activity Related to Pitch Stimuli and Feedback at the Plate: Cognitive and Performance Implications
Authors: Themanson Jason R. , Hay Alivia , Sieving Lucas , Sheese Brad E.
Published: September 2021

This study investigated the relationships among neural activity related to pitch stimuli and task feedback, self-regulatory control, and task-performance measures in expert and novice baseball players. The participants had their event-related brain potentials recorded while they completed a computerized task assessing whether thrown pitches were balls or strikes and received feedback on the accuracy of their responses following each pitch. The results indicated that college players exhibited significantly larger medial frontal negativities to pitch stimuli, as well as smaller reward positivities and larger frontocentral positivities in response to negative feedback, compared with novices. Furthermore, significant relationships were present between college players’ neural activity related to both pitches and feedback and their task performance and self-regulatory behavior. These relationships were not present for novices. These findings suggest that players efficiently associate the information received in their feedback to their self-regulatory processing of the task and, ultimately, their task performance.
Broadening Horizons: A Case Study of an International Partnership to Promote Sport, Positive Youth Development, and Literacy
Authors: Fredrick Ray N. , Marttinen Risto , Johnston Kelly , Fernandez Juana
Published: September 2021

Purpose: In the United States, after-school programs have been found to improve healthy behaviors and increase time in safe, structured environments for youth, but less is known about Latin American contexts. The purpose of this study was to examine the implementation of an educational program in an underserved school in Latin America. Method: A qualitative case study was used for this study. A Peace Corps volunteer was the main participant in the study. Data collection included interviews, field notes, artifacts, and reflective notes. Data were coded using constant comparative methods. Results: Three themes emerged that represent program implementation in a Latin American country: (a) learning to teach in a new country with new rules, (b) expectations and going with the flow, and (c) extending the positive youth development model to international outreach programs in rural communities. Conclusion: Relational developmental systems metatheoretical approach to positive youth development through sport model is effective in Latin American settings.
A Variable- and Person-Centered Approach to Further Understand the Relationship Between Actual and Perceived Motor Competence in Children
Authors: de Witte Annemarie , Hoeboer Joris , Coppens Eline , Lenoir Matthieu , Platvoet Sebastiaan , de Niet Mark , de Vries Sanne , de Meester An
Published: September 2021

Purpose: To study the relationship between actual motor competence (AMC) and perceived motor competence (PMC) in a large sample of 6- to 12-year-old children. Method: The AMC and PMC were measured (N = 1,669, 55% boys) with the Athletic Skills Track and the Physical Self-Confidence Scale, respectively. A variable-centered approach was applied to examine the AMC–PMC association by means of correlation coefficients and Fisher’s z tests. Cluster analyses were used to identify profiles of children from a person-centered perspective. Results: The AMC–PMC correlation strengthened with increasing age (r = .084 in 6- to 7-year-olds to r = .416 in 10- to 11-year-olds). The person-centered approach revealed two profiles with corresponding levels of AMC and PMC, and two profiles with divergent levels. Discussion: In addition to clarifying the age-related increase in the association between AMC and PMC, the profiles from the person-centered approach result in new gateways for tailoring interventions to the needs of children with different AMC–PMC profiles.
In SilicoAnalysis of Dengue Virus Serotype 2 Mutations Detected at the Intrahost Level in Patients with Different Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Torres Maria Celeste , Martins Karl Ana Luiza , Müller Pereira da Silva Matheus , Dardenne Laurent Emmanuel , Bispo de Filippis Ana Maria
Published: September 2021

Previous evidence showed that intrahost genetic diversity in arboviruses may be linked to viral pathogenesis and that one or a few amino acid replacements within a single protein are enough to modify a biological feature of an RNA virus. To assess 2 dengue virus determinants potentially involved in pathogenesis, we previously analyzed the intrahost genetic diversity of the virus in patients with different clinical outcomes and identified a set of 141 mutations that deserved further study. Thus, through a molecular modeling approach, we showed that disruptive variants were identified primarily among cases with mild dengue fever, while potential immune-escape variants were mainly associated with cases of greater severity.
Distinct Metabolic Profile Associated with a Fatal Outcome in COVID-19 Patients during the Early Epidemic in Italy
Authors: Saccon Elisa , Bandera Alessandra , Sciumè Mariarita , Mikaeloff Flora , Lashari Abid A. , Aliberti Stefano , Sachs Michael C. , Billi Filippo , Blasi Francesco , Gabriel Erin E. , Costantino Giorgio , De Roberto Pasquale , Krishnan Shuba , Gori Andrea , Peyvandi Flora , Scudeller Luigia , Canetta Ciro , Lorson Christian L. , Valenti Luca , Singh Kamal , Baldini Luca , Fracchiolla Nicola Stefano ,   on behalf of the COVID-19 Network Working Group,, Neogi Ujjwal
Published: September 2021

Understanding the metabolic alterations occurring during an infection is a key element for identifying potential indicators of the disease prognosis, which are fundamental for developing efficient diagnostic tools and offering the best therapeutic treatment to the patient. Here, exploiting high-throughput metabolomics data, we identified the first metabolic profile associated with a fatal outcome, not correlated with preexisting clinical conditions or the oxygen demand at the moment of diagnosis.
High-Order Epistasis and Functional Coupling of Infection Steps Drive Virus Evolution toward Independence from a Host Pathway
Authors: Arita Minetaro
Published: September 2021

Each virus has a different strategy for its replication, which requires different host factors. Enterovirus, a model RNA virus, requires host factors PI4KB and OSBP, which form an obligatory functional axis to support viral replication.
An Ohio State Scenic River Shows Elevated Antibiotic Resistance Genes, Including Acinetobacter Tetracycline and Macrolide Resistance, Downstream of Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent
Authors: Murphy April , Barich Daniel , Fennessy M. Siobhan , Slonczewski Joan L.
Published: September 2021

Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem worldwide, with frequent transmission between pathogens and environmental organisms. Rural rivers can support high levels of recreational use by people unaware of inputs from treated wastewater, while wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) can generate a small but significant portion of flow volume into a river surrounded by forest and agriculture.
Eroding Cascadia—Sediment and solute transport and landscape denudation in western Oregon and northwestern California
Authors: O’Connor Jim E. , Mangano Joseph F. , Wise Daniel R. , Roering Joshua R.
Published: September 2021

Riverine measurements of sediment and solute transport give empirical basin-scale estimates of bed-load, suspended-sediment, and silicate-solute fluxes for 100,000 km2 of northwestern California and western Oregon. This spatially explicit sediment budget shows the multifaceted control of geology and physiography on the rates and processes of fluvial denudation. Bed-load transport is greatest for steep basins, particularly in areas underlain by the accreted Klamath terrane. Bed-load flux commonly decreases downstream as clasts convert to suspended load by breakage and attrition, particularly for softer rock types. Suspended load correlates strongly with lithology, basin slope, precipitation, and wildfire disturbance. It is highest in steep regions of soft rocks, and our estimates suggest that much of the suspended load is derived from bed-load comminution. Dissolution, measured by basin-scale silicate-solute yield, constitutes a third of regional landscape denudation. Solute yield correlates with precipitation and is proportionally greatest in low-gradient and wet basins and for high parts of the Cascade Range, where undissected Quaternary volcanic rocks soak in 2–3 m of annual precipitation. Combined, these estimates provide basin-scale erosion rates ranging from ∼50 t · km−2 · yr−1 (approximately equivalent to 0.02 mm · yr−1) for low-gradient basins such as the Willamette River to ~500 t · km−2 · yr−1 (∼0.2 mm · yr−1) for steep coastal drainages. The denudation rates determined here from modern measurements are less than those estimated by longer-term geologic assessments, suggesting episodic disturbances such as fire, flood, seismic shaking, and climate change significantly add to long-term landscape denudation.
Mosquito Distribution in Northwestern Russia: Species of the Genera Anopheles Meigen, Coquillettidia Dyar, Culex L., and Culiseta Felt (Diptera, Culicidae)
Authors: Khalin A. V. , Aibulatov S. V. , Filonenko I. V.
Published: September 2021

Records of 16 species of the mosquito genera Anopheles, Coquillettidia, Culex, and Culiseta (Diptera: Culicidae) in Northwestern Russia are mapped. The values of the sum of active temperatures above 0°C were shown to correlate with the position of the northern range boundaries of mosquito species, according to which 16 species were included in 4 distribution groups.
New physics at the FCC-ee: indirect discovery potential
Authors: de Blas Jorge
Published: September 2021

We review the projected sensitivity to physics beyond the Standard Model via indirect searches at the Future$$e^+ e^-$$

e
+

e
-

Circular Collider (FCC-ee). The indirect sensitivity to new physics is discussed both from a model-independent perspective, using the formalism of Effective Field Theories, but also from the point of view of more specific classes of well-motivated models.
CPMAN: Change Point Detection Approach in Time Series Based on the Prediction of Multi-stage Attention Networks
Authors: Du Haizhou , Duan Ziyi , Zheng Yang
Published: September 2021

Time series change point detection can identify the locations of abrupt points in many dynamic processes. It can help us to find anomaly data in an early stage. At the same time, detecting change points for long, periodic, and multiple input series data has received a lot of attention recently, and is universally applicable in many fields including power, environment, finance, and medicine. However, the performance of classical methods typically scales poorly for such time series.

In this paper, we propose CPMAN, a novel prediction-based change point detection approach via multi-stage attention networks. Our model consists of two key modules. First, in the time series prediction module, we employ the multi-stage attention-based networks and integrate the multi-series fusion mechanism. This module can adaptively extract features from the relevant input series and capture the long-term temporal dependencies. Secondly, in the change point detection module, we use the wavelet analysis-based algorithm to detect change points efficiently and identify the change points and outliers. Extensive experiments are conducted on various real-world datasets and synthetic datasets, proving the superiority and effectiveness of CPMAN. Our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art methods by up to 12.1% on the F1 Score.
Normalization of Transliterated Mongolian Words Using Seq2Seq Model with Limited Data
Authors: Byambadorj Zolzaya , Nishimura Ryota , Ayush Altangerel , Kitaoka Norihide
Published: September 2021

The huge increase in social media use in recent years has resulted in new forms of social interaction, changing our daily lives. Due to increasing contact between people from different cultures as a result of globalization, there has also been an increase in the use of the Latin alphabet, and as a result a large amount of transliterated text is being used on social media. In this study, we propose a variety of character level
sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq)
models for normalizing noisy, transliterated text written in Latin script into Mongolian Cyrillic script, for scenarios in which there is a limited amount of training data available. We applied performance enhancement methods, which included various beam search strategies, N-gram-based context adoption, edit distance-based correction and dictionary-based checking, in novel ways to two basic seq2seq models. We experimentally evaluated these two basic models as well as fourteen enhanced seq2seq models, and compared their noisy text normalization performance with that of a transliteration model and a conventional
statistical machine translation (SMT)
model. The proposed seq2seq models improved the robustness of the basic seq2seq models for normalizing
out-of-vocabulary (OOV)
words, and most of our models achieved higher normalization performance than the conventional method. When using test data during our text normalization experiment, our proposed method which included checking each hypothesis during the inference period achieved the lowest
word error rate (WER
= 13.41%), which was 4.51% fewer errors than when using the conventional SMT method.
SE4ExSum: An Integrated Semantic-aware Neural Approach with Graph Convolutional Network for Extractive Text Summarization
Authors: Vo Tham
Published: September 2021

Recently, advanced techniques in deep learning such as recurrent neural network (GRU, LSTM and Bi-LSTM) and auto-encoding (attention-based transformer and BERT) have achieved great successes in multiple application domains including text summarization. Recent state-of-the-art encoding-based text summarization models such as BertSum, PreSum and DiscoBert have demonstrated significant improvements on extractive text summarization tasks. However, recent models still encounter common problems related to the language-specific dependency which requires the supports of the external NLP tools. Besides that, recent advanced text representation methods, such as BERT as the sentence-level textual encoder, also fail to fully capture the representation of a full-length document. To address these challenges, in this paper we proposed a novel

s
emantic-ware
e
mbedding approach for
ex
tractive text
sum
marization

, called as:
SE4ExSum.
Our proposed SE4ExSum is an integration between the use of
feature graph-of-words (FGOW)
with BERT-based encoder for effectively learning the word/sentence-level representations of a given document. Then, the

g
raph
c
onvolutional
n
etwork (GCN)

based encoder is applied to learn the global document's representation which is then used to facilitate the text summarization task. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets show the effectiveness of our proposed model in comparing with recent state-of-the-art text summarization models.
Novel HIF-1-target gene isthmin1 contributes to hypoxia-induced hyperpermeability of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells monolayers
Authors: Li Junxia , Xia Yiming , Huang Zhizhong , Zhao Yan , Xiong Renping , Li Xiaoxu , Huang Qingyuan , Shan Fabo
Published: September 2021

Hypoxia-induced pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell (PMVEC) monolayers hyperpermeability is vital for vascular leakage, which participates in vascular diseases, such as acute lung injury (ALI) and high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). We previously observed that PMVEC permeability was markedly elevated in hypoxia when cocultured with primary type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECII) in which isthmin1 (ISM1) was highly upregulated. However, whether the upregulation of ISM1 plays a role in hypoxia-induced PMVEC hyperpermeability is unclear. In this study, we assessed the role of AECII-derived ISM1 in hypoxia-induced PMVEC hyperpermeability with an AECII/PMVEC coculture system and uncovered the underlying mechanism whereby hypoxia stimulates ISM1 gene expression. We found that ISM1 gene expression was upregulated in cultured AECII cells exposed to hypoxia (3% O2) and that AECII-derived ISM1 participated in hypoxia-induced hyperpermeability of PMVEC monolayers, as small interference RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of ISM1 in AECII markedly attenuated the increase in PMVEC permeability in coculture system under hypoxia. In addition, we confirmed that ISM1 was regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) according to the evidence that silencing of HIF1α inhibited the hypoxia-mediated upregulation of ISM1. Mechanismly, overexpression of HIF1α transcriptionally activated ISM1 gene expression by directly binding to the conserved regulatory elements upstream of the ism1 locus. We identified a novel HIF-1-target gene ISM1, which involves in hyperpermeability of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell monolayers under hypoxia. Our in vitro cell experiments implied that the upregulated ISM1 derived from alveolar epithelium might be a vital modulator in hypoxia-induced endothelial hyperpermeability and thereby implicates with hypoxic pulmonary-related diseases.
Evaluation of G protein bias and β-arrestin 2 signaling in opioid-induced respiratory depression
Authors: Bateman Jordan T. , Levitt Erica S.
Published: September 2021

Respiratory depression is a potentially fatal side effect of opioid analgesics and a major limitation to their use. G protein-biased opioid agonists have been proposed as “safer” analgesics with less respiratory depression. These agonists are biased to activate G proteins rather than β-arrestin signaling. Respiratory depression has been shown to correlate with both G protein bias and intrinsic efficacy, and recent work has refuted the role of β-arrestin signaling in opioid-induced respiratory depression. In addition, there is substantial evidence that G proteins do, in fact, mediate respiratory depression by actions in respiratory-controlling brainstem neurons. Based on these studies, we provide the perspective that protection from respiratory depression displayed by newly developed G protein-biased agonists is due to factors other than G protein versus arrestin bias.
Myostatin in combination with creatine phosphokinase or albumin may differentiate patients with cirrhosis and sarcopenia
Authors: Alexopoulos Theodoros , Vasilieva Larisa , Kontogianni Meropi D. , Tenta Roxane , Georgiou Alexandra , Stroumpouli Evangelia , Mani Iliana , Alexopoulou Alexandra
Published: September 2021

Serum levels of myostatin were significantly lower in cirrhotic patients with impaired skeletal mass index (SMI) and sarcopenia than those without. Serum levels of myostatin have a positive correlation with SMI. Myostatin levels are independently associated with sarcopenia, diagnosed according to the latest criteria, in patients with cirrhosis. Myostatin in combination with creatine phosphokinase or albumin have good accuracy excluding sarcopenia in patients with cirrhosis.
Effects of combined treatment with blood flow restriction and low-current electrical stimulation on capillary regression in the soleus muscle of diabetic rats
Authors: Tanaka Minoru , Morifuji Takeshi , Sugimoto Ken , Akasaka Hiroshi , Fujimoto Taku , Yoshikawa Madoka , Nakanishi Ryosuke , Kondo Hiroyo , Fujino Hidemi
Published: September 2021

The combined treatment of blood flow restriction and low intensity electrical stimulation attenuated type 2 diabetes (T2D)-associated capillary regression in the skeletal muscles. The treatment inhibits the T2D-associated increase in antiangiogenic factors via inhibition of intramuscular chronic hypoxia; it can inhibit intramuscular chronic hypoxia by enhancing proangiogenic factors. These results suggest that the combined treatment may be an effective therapeutic intervention for the prevention of T2D-associated capillary regression in the skeletal muscles.
Role of the p38MAPK signaling pathway in hippocampal neuron autophagy in rats with chronic intermittent hypoxia
Authors: He Yuxin , Liu Zhili , Huang Yinpei , Li Bing
Published: September 2021

The pathophysiological processes related to autophagy obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) are unclear. This study clarified that the inhibition of the p38MAPK signaling pathway could further activate autophagy in hippocampal nerve cells, thus reducing nerve cell injury.
Hepatoprotective Plants from Bangladesh: A Biophytochemical Review and Future Prospect
Authors: Rouf Razina , Ghosh Puja , Uzzaman Md. Raihan , Sarker Dipto Kumer , Zahura Fatima Tuz , Uddin Shaikh Jamal , Muhammad Ilias
Published: September 2021

Liver diseases are quite prevalant in many densely populated countries, including Bangladesh. The liver and its hepatocytes are targeted by virus and microbes, as well as by chemical environmental toxicants, causing wide-spread disruption of metabolic fuctions of the human body, leading to death from end-stage liver diseases. The aim of this review is to systematically explore and record the potential of Bangladeshi ethnopharmacological plants to treat liver diseases with focus on their sources, constituents, and therapeutic uses, including mechanisms of actions (MoA). A literature survey was carried out using Pubmed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases with articles reported until July, 2020. A total of 88 Bangladeshi hepatoprotective plants (BHPs) belonging to 47 families were listed in this review, including Euphorbiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Compositae families contained 20% of plants, while herbs were the most cited (51%) and leaves were the most consumed parts (23%) as surveyed. The effect of BHPs against different hepatotoxins was observed via upregulation of antioxidant systems and inhibition of lipid peroxidation which subsequently reduced the elevated liver biomarkers. Different active constituents, including phenolics, curcuminoids, cucurbitanes, terpenoids, fatty acids, carotenoids, and polysaccharides, have been reported from these plants. The hepatoameliorative effect of these constituents was mainly involved in the reduction of hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation through activation of Nrf2/HO-1 and inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathways. In summary, BHPs represent a valuable resource for hepatoprotective lead therapeutics which may offer new alternatives to treat liver diseases.
High Expression of ROMO1 Aggravates the Malignancy of Hepatoblastoma
Authors: Lv Jiangfeng , Wu Yan , Li Wei , Fan Huaping
Published: September 2021

Hepatoblastoma (HB) is a kind of tumor that occurs frequently in children and is highly malignant. Here, the function of ROS modulator 1 (ROMO1) was identified in the development of HB. In this study, the mRNA expression of ROMO1 was measured by RT-qPCR. Colony formation assay, MTT assay, and flow cytometric analysis were applied to detect cell viability. The cell migrative and invasive ability was measured by wound healing and transwell assays. Tumor xenografts were performed to examine tumor growth. The results showed that upregulation of ROMO1 was identified in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) tissues and predicted poor prognosis in LIHC patients. And ROMO1 expression was also increased in HB tissues and cells. Functionally, ROMO1 knockdown restrained cell viability, migration, and invasion in HB. In addition, knockdown of ROMO1 was found to suppress tumor formation in vivo. In conclusion, upregulation of ROMO1 promotes tumor growth and cell aggressiveness in HB.
Effect of Root Canal Therapy Combined with Full Crown Restoration on the Level of Inflammatory Factors and Chewing Function in Patients with Cracked Teeth and Chronic Pulpitis
Authors: Lu Ying , Wu Ning , Ma Bin , Qin Feng
Published: September 2021

Objective. To explore the clinical effect of root canal therapy combined with full crown restoration in patients with cracked teeth and chronic pulpitis. Methods. From May 2018 to June 2020, 87 patients with cracked teeth and chronic pulpitis in our hospital were selected; the patients were randomly divided into the control group and the research group by random number method. The control group only used root canal therapy; the research group used root canal therapy combined with full crown restoration. The therapeutic effect, levels of inflammatory factors, chewing function, periodontal index, complications, and quality of life were compared between the two groups. Results. The total effective rate of the research group (97.78%) was better than the total effective rate of the control group (85.71%) (

P
<
0.05

). Compared with before treatment, the serum levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and C-reactive protein (CRP) of the two groups of patients decreased after treatment. After treatment, compared with the control group, the serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and CRP in the research group decreased (

P
<
0.05

). Compared with before treatment, the bite force of teeth and chewing efficiency of the two groups of patients increased after treatment. After treatment, compared with the control group, the bite force of teeth and chewing efficiency of the research group increased (

P
<
0.05

). Compared with before treatment, the plaque index (PLI), probing depth (PD), gingival sulcus bleeding index (BI), and gingival index (GI) of the two groups of patients decreased after treatment. After treatment, compared with the control group, the PLI, PD, BI, and GI of the research group decreased (

P
<
0.05

). The total incidence of complications in the research group was (11.11%), and the total incidence of complications in the control group was (16.67%); there was no significant difference between the two groups (

P
>
0.05

). After treatment, compared with the control group, the quality of life scores of the patients in the research group were reduced (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. Root canal therapy and full crown restoration have a definite curative effect in patients with cracked teeth and chronic pulpitis, which can improve the inflammatory response, restore chewing function, maintain periodontal health, improve the quality of life, and do not increase the incidence of complications, so it has good application value.
Fully Convolutional Network and Visual Saliency-Based Automatic Optic Disc Detection in Retinal Fundus Images
Authors: Yu Xiaosheng , Wang Ying , Wang Siqi , Hu Nan
Published: September 2021

We present in this paper a novel optic disc detection method based on a fully convolutional network and visual saliency in retinal fundus images. Firstly, we employ the morphological reconstruction-based object detection method to locate the optic disc region roughly. According to the location result, a 400 × 400 image patch that covers the whole optic disc is obtained by cropping the original retinal fundus image. Secondly, the Simple Linear Iterative Cluster approach is utilized to segment such an image patch into many smaller superpixels. Thirdly, each superpixel is assigned a uniform initial saliency value according to the background prior information based on the assumption that the superpixels located on the boundary of the image belong to the background. Meanwhile, we use a pretrained fully convolutional network to extract the deep features from different layers of the network and design the strategy to represent each superpixel by the deep features. Finally, both the background prior information and the deep features are integrated into the single-layer cellular automata framework to gain the accurate optic disc detection result. We utilize the DRISHTI-GS dataset and RIM-ONE r3 dataset to evaluate the performance of our method. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can overcome the influence of intensity inhomogeneity, weak contrast, and the complex surroundings of the optic disc effectively and has superior performance in terms of accuracy and robustness.
Medical Communication Services after Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Alshorman Jamal , Wang Yulong , Zhu Fengzhao , Zeng Lian , Chen Kaifang , Yao Sheng , Jing Xirui , Qu Yanzhen , Sun Tingfang , Guo Xiaodong
Published: September 2021

It is difficult to assess and monitor the spinal cord injury (SCI) because of its pathophysiology after injury, with different degrees of prognosis and various treatment methods, including laminectomy, durotomy, and myelotomy. Medical communication services with different factors such as time of surgical intervention, procedure choice, spinal cord perfusion pressure (SCPP), and intraspinal pressure (ISP) contribute a significant role in improving neurological outcomes. This review aims to show the benefits of communication services and factors such as ISP, SCPP, and surgical intervention time in order to achieve positive long-term outcomes after an appropriate treatment method in SCI patients. The SCPP was found between 90 and 100 mmHg for the best outcome, MAP was found between 110 and 130 mmHg, and mean ISP is ≤20 mmHg after injury. Laminectomy alone cannot reduce the pressure between the dura and swollen cord. Durotomy and duroplasty considered as treatment choices after severe traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI).
Pedestrian Evacuation Model considering Dynamic Emotional Update in Direction Perception Domain
Authors: Xiao Qian , Li Jiayang
Published: September 2021

Traditional dynamic models cannot fully describe the microdetails of the impact of emotional contagion on individual state and behavior when pedestrian evacuation is simulated. This paper addresses the problem by constructing a dynamic evolution mechanism among emotion, state, and behavior. First, the direction perception domain of pedestrians during evacuation is defined. Then, the dynamic emotional perception of pedestrians during an evacuation is studied, considering the emotional increment caused by personal walking speed and others in the direction perception domain. Next, emotional contagion is introduced into the improved cellular automata (CA) simulation model in the floor field (FF), entitled the “CECA model.” The transfer probability of pedestrians in different states is proposed by defining “susceptible emotional state” and “infectious emotional state.” Finally, the simulation results are compared with known models. The results demonstrate that the improved model can improve the evacuation efficiency of the system significantly. Simultaneously, the effects of emotional threshold, infection coefficient, calm coefficient, and perception radius of the evacuation system on the pedestrian evacuation process are simulated and analyzed, providing a basis for evacuation managers to formulate evacuation strategies.