bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of a Differential Pressure Transducer for the Monitoring of Soil Volume Change in Cyclic Triaxial Test on Unsaturated Soils
Authors: Cui Y-J , Tang A-M , Marcial D , Terpereau J-M , Marchadier G , Boulay X
Published: October 2006

A new experimental setup using a differential pressure transducer was developed, that enables the monitoring of volume changes in cyclic triaxial tests on unsaturated soils. Calibration tests were performed in order to analyze the performance of the setup, especially in terms of loading frequencies. Based on calibration results, a low frequency of 0.05 Hz was adopted for the tests carried out on the unsaturated loess from northern France. Five levels of water content were considered in the tests. The obtained results have confirmed the efficiency of the new system for volume change monitoring under cyclic loading. The effect of water content on the cyclic behavior of loess was clearly evidenced. Finally, some suggestions were made to improve the accuracy of the system.
Development of a Silicon Calorimeter for Dosimetry Applications in a Water-Moderated Reactor
Authors: Luker SM , Griffin PJ , De Priest KR , King DB , Naranjo GE , Suo-Anttila JS , Keltner N
Published: October 2006

High fidelity active dosimetry in the mixed neutron/gamma field of a research reactor is a very complex issue. For passive dosimetry applications, the use of activation foils addresses the neutron environment while the use of low neutron response CaF2:Mn thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) addresses the gamma environment. While radiation-hardened diamond photoconducting detectors (PCD) have been developed that provide a very precise fast response (picosecond) dosimeter and can provide a time-dependent profile for the radiation environment, the mixed field response of the PCD is still uncertain and this interferes with the calibration of the PCD response. In order to address the research reactor experimenter's need for a dosimeter that reports silicon dose and dose rate at a test location during a pulsed reactor operation, a silicon calorimeter has been developed. This dosimeter can be used by itself to provide a dose in rad(Si) up to a point in a reactor pulsed operation, or, in conjunction with the diamond PCD, to provide a dose rate. This paper reports on the development, testing, and validation of this silicon calorimeter for applications in water-moderated research reactors.
An Evaluation of Stress-Strain Property Prediction by Automated Ball Indentation (ABI) testing
Authors: Prakash RV , Shin CS
Published: October 2006

Automated ball-indentation tests were performed on a duplex stainless steel (2205) and on a high-strength Al-Cu alloy (2014-T651) using a tungsten carbide (TC) spherical ball indenter to derive the materials' stress-strain parameters, which were validated with standard tensile specimen data. Test method and data analysis procedures, as proposed by Haggag et al. in a previous research publication, were followed. During analysis, we observed some interesting details, such as the existence of a linear relationship between the maximum applied compressive force and the plastic depth of penetration for a given material, a relationship between force and plastic diameter of indentation, and a unique relationship between plastic diameter of indentation and plastic depth of indentation, which is independent of the material being evaluated. The correlation between ABI derived stress-strain data and tensile stress-strain data was reasonable for duplex stainless steel, whereas the correlation was not good in the case of Al-Cu alloy 2014-T651. This work suggests the need to improve the formulations, taking into account the properties of indenter and indenting material, as well as the need to account for events such as sink-in and pile-up that take place during indentation.
Look Again: Three Seasons Refocuses American Sights of Vietnam
Authors: Janette Michele
Published: October 2006

This article argues that Tony Bui's film Three Seasons is a significant yet often overlooked participant in the alteration of the American discourse on Vietnam. Focusing on the alternative that Three Seasons offers to mainstream Hollywood depictions of Vietnam, Janette argues that Bui dismantles stock character types and stale imaginative paradigms, encouraging instead critical self-reflection about the power and politics of looking.
Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1/CXCR4 Signaling Modifies the Capillary-Like Organization of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Endothelium In Vitro
Authors: Chen Tong , Bai Hao , Shao Ying , Arzigian Melanie , Janzen Viktor , Attar Eyal , Xie Yi , Scadden David T. , Wang Zack Z.
Published: October 2006

The molecular mechanisms that regulate human blood vessel formation during early development are largely unknown. Here we used human ESCs (hESCs) as an in vitro model to explore early human vasculogenesis. We demonstrated that stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and CXCR4 were expressed concurrently with hESC-derived embryonic endothelial differentiation. Human ESC-derived embryonic endothelial cells underwent dose-dependent chemotaxis to SDF-1, which enhanced vascular network formation in Matrigel. Blocking of CXCR4 signaling abolished capillary-like structures induced by SDF-1. Inhibition of the SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway by AMD3100, a CXCR4 antagonist, disrupted the endothelial sprouting outgrowth from human embryoid bodies, suggesting that the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis plays a critical role in regulating initial vessel formation, and may function as a morphogen during human embryonic vascular development.
Role models of successful teachers of adults
Authors: Heath Lore L.
Published: October 2006

Working with and learning from highly motivated adults can stimulate and challenge the best teachers.
Helping teachers help adults learn
Authors: Knox Alan B.
Published: October 2006

Major concepts about adults as learners, program planning, and the teaching‐learning transaction, along with brief descriptions of instructional procedures that reflect such concepts, indicate how teachers of adults can increase their effectiveness.
Assessing the need for a university program
Authors: Gunzberger Linda K.
Published: October 2006

For an evaluation of the feasibility of a new graduate program that would serve many part‐time students, needs assessment required analysis of potential participants, the university, faculty, competing programs, and potential employers.
Educational needs assessment: Conclusion
Authors: Pennington Floyd C.
Published: October 2006

Developing an integrated approach to needs assessment, program design, and evaluation that will result in continuous program improvement is the challenge for the future.
Perspectives on counseling adult learners
Authors: Disilvestro Frank R.
Published: October 2006

Useful resources exist to help counselors increase their knowledge and improve their performance in counseling adult learners.
In the private sector, there is a choice
Authors: Ludeman Bart L.
Published: October 2006

Working adults retain more of what they learn when learning is self‐directed. Counselors help employees over the hurdle as they choose individualized learning experiences.
Comprehensive counseling services
Authors: Gelling Nancy C.
Published: October 2006

With university commitment, comprehensive counseling services can provide the key to attracting and retaining adult learners.
Community education: A vehicle for community problem solving
Authors: Kaplan Michael H. , Schwartz Terry Ann
Published: October 2006

“Doing it with The Cube” has become a useful way of thinking about community education as a means for community involvement.
Creative financing of continuing education
Authors: Knox Alan B.
Published: October 2006

Continuing education administrators can select and adapt general financial concepts and procedures to their agency setting and strengthen their decision making.
Where do we grow from here: Synthesis and discussion
Authors: Wilson John P.
Published: October 2006

How do I know when to use what, with whom, and why?
The orientation experience for the adult learner
Authors: Haverkamp Kay
Published: October 2006

There has been much discussion about what adults need for success in degree programs. How can we see that they get what they want?
Diagnosing learning styles
Authors: Price Gary E.
Published: October 2006

Knowledge of learning style can be used by instructors, counselors, and administrators for better motivation, improved learning, and learner self‐understanding.
The learning‐how‐to‐learn concept: Implications and issues
Authors: Smith Robert M.
Published: October 2006

When educators consider the challenge to foster learning about learning, some of their assumptions and those of students come under review.
Serving undereducated adults: Community as learning center
Authors: Baker George A.
Published: October 2006

Historically, the undereducated adult learner has been on the fringe of community learning systems. Lack of mobility is often the factor that stands in the way of those who want to acquire needed skills. Greenville Technical College found a way to deliver its services to undereducated adult citizens and to make the community a learning center.
Participation in education by young adults
Authors: Darkenwald Gordon G.
Published: October 2006

Promoting participation by young adults requires understanding their distinctive characteristics as a basis for program development.
Principles for successful collaboration
Authors: Beder Hal
Published: October 2006

When the ingredients are right, collaborations work. When they are wrong, collaboration fails and can even be harmful.
Fostering participation in learning
Authors: Niemi John A.
Published: October 2006

Participation by adults in their own learning can be fostered whether that learning occurs in the institutional mode, the shared membership mode, or the individual mode.
The adult's role in educational planning
Authors: Rosenblum Sandra H.
Published: October 2006

Whether the goal of the continuing educator is increased student achievement and satisfaction or learner empowerment, involving the adult in educational planning is crucial.
Reflections of a teacher of adults
Authors: Freedman Jonathan A.
Published: October 2006

The teacher must see the adult learner as adjunct faculty with personal experience that can be applied to the topic.
Self‐study adult education
Authors: Bingyuan Cheng
Published: October 2006

The national self‐study examinations cover 60 specialized majors. There are 345 examination centers. Currently, there are 3 million examination applicants.
Research and adult education
Authors: Shilu Sun
Published: October 2006

In order to strengthen adult education research and theoretical study, the people's government organized a number of research organizations, all with full‐time researchers.
Voices of returning women: Ways of knowing
Authors: Tarule Jill Mattuck
Published: October 2006

Three perspectives on adult women's development and experience of learning suggest new dimensions to consider in designing appropriate programs for returning women students.
Supporting women's reentry to the workplace
Authors: Watkins Karen E.
Published: October 2006

With over 50 percent of the workforce now female, the workplace is slowly ndopting supportive work structures and benefit programs to make it more feasible for women to combine work and family.
Tools for planning better programs
Authors: Sork Thomas J.
Published: October 2006

What we learn through careful study of our mistakes gives us powerful tools for planning.
Adverse baggage in the learning environment
Authors: Mahoney V. L. Mike
Published: October 2006

Adults can carry into a learning environment external and internal “baggage” that adversely affects their abilities to engage in learning experiences.
Women's trouble: Women, gender, and the learning environment
Authors: Collard Susan , Stalker Joyce
Published: October 2006

Institutional settings both create and mirror a learning environment that devalues and disempowers women learners.
Resources on adult learning environments
Authors: Fulton Rodney D. , Hiemstra Roger
Published: October 2006

Considerable information is available pertaining to adult learning environments.
Strategies for reflective practice
Authors: Peters John M.
Published: October 2006

Learning to practice reflectively can lead to improved professional and organizational effectiveness.
Institutional policies and procedures: Bridges or barriers?
Authors: Snider John C. , Marasco Francine , Keene Donna
Published: October 2006

As a new millennium approaches, new types of certificate programs in continuing higher education will be developed. Among the current policies and procedures affecting the development and implementation of certificate programs at traditional colleges and universities, some will support and others will hinder this growth.
Transformational learning
Authors: Clark M. Carolyn
Published: October 2006

This chapter explores the work in transformational learning of Mezirow, Freire, and Daloz to identify the underlying humanistic assumptions of this type of learning and to assess its contribution to the field.
Consciousness and learning: New and renewed approaches
Authors: Boucouvalas Marcie
Published: October 2006

A framework of levels, states, and structures of consciousness is offered and challenges are put forth in an effort to expand the context for the study and practice of adult learning. Modern science and “ancient wisdom” are complementary knowledge sources.
Feminism and adult learning: Power, pedagogy, and praxis
Authors: Tisdell Elizabeth J.
Published: October 2006

The feminist pedagogy literature is beginning to have an impact on the field of adult education and offers new strategies for challenging power relations based on gender, race, and class in the adult learning environment.
The realities and options of practice
Authors: Vernon Sally
Published: October 2006

In times of continual change the adult education consultant is confronted with challenges and frustrations. The causes and remedies are described in this chapter.
Developing and maintaining contact with clients
Authors: Vericker William T.
Published: October 2006

Technology is essential in establishing and maintaining a consulting practice.
Consulting: A full‐time job
Authors: Thomas George B.
Published: October 2006

The road to success as a full‐time consultant is paved with learning, practice, and variety.
The consultant as personal change agent
Authors: Goldberg Joan C.
Published: October 2006

The consultant as facilitator of the group process can be a compelling force in effecting personal growth and change.
What are perceptual modalities and how do they contribute to learning?
Authors: Wislock Robert F.
Published: October 2006

Building on learners' perceptual modalities facilitates learning.
Changing dominant understandings of adults as learners
Authors: Flannery Daniele D.
Published: October 2006

Knowledge building in adult education has resulted in biased and incomplete understandings of adults as learners.
Adult and continuing education graduate programs: Prescription for the future
Authors: Colin Scipio A. J.
Published: October 2006

Is racism reflected in adult education graduate programs?
Introduction to a new approach to experiential learning
Authors: Jackson Lewis , Maclsaac Doug
Published: October 2006

A process model is described that links the needs of adult learners and conceptual issues in experiential learning with methods for engaging learners in experiential learning activities and authentic assessment practices.
Applying the model to a variety of adult learning situations
Authors: Bassett Diane S. , Jackson Lewis
Published: October 2006

Examples of applications of the experiential learning model, which is the centerpiece of this volume, in higher education and in the workplace are described.
Becoming critically reflective through action reflection learning™
Authors: O'neil Judy , Marsick Victoria J.
Published: October 2006

Action Reflection Learning™ can help managers learn transformatively, and because their learning takes place in teams that work on real organizational problems, it can lead to systems change and organizational capacity building.
Resistance to self‐direction in adult learning: Myths and misunderstandings
Authors: Brockett Ralph G.
Published: October 2006

Resistance often results from a lack of understanding about self‐direction in learning.
Adopting self‐directed learning in continuing professional education: Physicians and architects
Authors: Confessore Gary J. , Confessore Sharon J.
Published: October 2006

Various aspects of self‐directed learning have been accepted as a continuing professional education alternative for practitioners of medicine in Canada and of architecture in the United States.
Using technology to provide self‐directed learning options for power utility employees
Authors: Phelan Thomas D.
Published: October 2006

Career advisement via electronic mail, coupled with accessible data bases of job descriptions, local college programs, and regional learning providers, facilitates self‐directed learning for career management at Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation.
Helping learners take responsibility for self‐directed activities
Authors: Hiemstra Roger
Published: October 2006

Dividing the teaching and learning process into a series of micro‐components makes it possible to ease the transition to self‐directed learning by providing many small and nonthreatening opportunities for learners to make their own decisions.
Resistance to self‐direction in learning can be overcome
Authors: Hiemstra Roger , Brockett Ralph G.
Published: October 2006

It is possible to overcome sources of resistance to self‐direction in learning.
Bridging practice and theory for women's adult development
Authors: Taylor Kathleen , Marienau Catherine
Published: October 2006

Three strands of practice and inquiry—adult learning, women's development, and feminist pedagogy—come together in the context of alternative higher education for adults to help attune learning environments to women's developmental needs.
Prior learning assessment, critical self‐reflection, and reentry women's development
Authors: Droegkamp Jan , Taylor Kathleen
Published: October 2006

When it teaches critical self‐reflection, prior learning assessment encourages developmental growth in adult women.
In their own voices: Women learning about their own development
Authors: Marienau Catherine
Published: October 2006

Linking women's experiences with theories of women's development as course content contributes to women's development.
Teaching to the developmental needs of nonmainstream learners
Authors: Gajdusek Linda , Gillotte Helen
Published: October 2006

Learning environments and pedagogical strategies can support the development of women of color, nonnative speakers of English, and the economically disadvantaged.
The principles of adult mentoring scale
Authors: Cohen Norman H.
Published: October 2006

A scale for self‐assessment of mentor competencies, an explanation of specific behaviors required for effective mentoring practice, and guidelines for continuing education programs for mentors are presented.
Awarding college credit for knowledge and ability gained outside the college classroom
Authors: Schwartz Joan , Nelson Swinerton E.
Published: October 2006

Academic institutions often lack an effective and economical means for evaluating learning that has taken place outside the college classroom. This chapter describes the American Council on Education assessment process and its outcome: college credit recommendations.
Preparing workplace learning professionals
Authors: Franklin Spikes W.
Published: October 2006

The changing workplace of the future will require the development of new paradigms for the professional preparation and career development of workplace educators.
Workplace basics in the 1990s: Critical issues and promising practices
Authors: Folinsbee Sue Waugh
Published: October 2006

A collaborative, holistic, and integrated approach to workplace education is needed to ensure success for organizations and individuals in dealing not only with a complex, evolving workplace but with a changing world.
Future directions in workplace learning
Authors: Franklin Spikes W.
Published: October 2006

To meet the competitive challenges of the years ahead, workplace educators must continue to provide innovative educational solutions to business problems.
Paying attention to the people work when planning educational programs for adults
Authors: Wilson Arthur L. , Cervero Ronald M.
Published: October 2006

Experienced adult and continuing education program planners know that they must pay attention to the “people work” of practice. This chapter describes planning practice as a social activity in which planners negotiate interests; it asks how planners manage the political and ethical dimensions of their practice.
Renegotiating institutional power relationships to better serve nursing students
Authors: Hendricks Susan M.
Published: October 2006

Perceiving the power and interests inherent in an apparently everyday setting—a nursing education program—is critical in order to effect meaningful and desired change.
Literacy and health communities: Potential partners in practice
Authors: Sissel Peggy A. , Hohn Marcia Drew
Published: October 2006

Is there a rationale for incorporating health materials in literacy programs? Current data say yes, and innovative models of implementation are promising.
Reflection as vision: Prospects for future literacy programming
Authors: Sissel Peggy A.
Published: October 2006

An overview of the perspectives and suggestions presented in this volume indicates some features of a vision for the future of community‐based literacy programming.
The relationship between theories about groups and adult learning groups
Authors: Imel Susan , Tisdell Elizabeth J.
Published: October 2006

The literature is replete with theories about groups and group behavior. The authors describe how some of these theories can contribute to the development of adult learning groups.
Current realities and future challenges
Authors: Rowden Robert W.
Published: October 2006

A number of issues indicative of an emerging field have become evident as the education of adults in the workplace becomes a major strategic thrust in many organizations.
Part one: What is the purpose of human resource development? The purpose of human resource development is to improve organizational performance
Authors: Swanson Richard A. , Arnold David E.
Published: October 2006

Human resource development, when practiced in productive organizations, should strive to contribute directly to the organizations' performance goals.
Part two: Is human resource development a part of adult education? Human resource development as evolutionary system: From pyramid building to space walking and beyond
Authors: Willis Verna J.
Published: October 2006

Human resource development is modeled as an evolutionary system with an incumbent professional identity. Accepting this model changes the rules for professional practice, field description, and field theory development.
Knowledge comes from practice: Reflective theory building in practice
Authors: Mott Vivian W.
Published: October 2006

This chapter examines reflective theory building in practice as an appropriate role for the practitioner and a significant means of contributing to the knowledge base of adult education and human resource development.
Part five: Do organizations learn?. Of course organizations learn!
Authors: Watkins Karen E.
Published: October 2006

Moving from the psychological literature that identifies a group psychology or mental state to the organizational literature that defines the collective nature of organizations, this chapter develops a model of learning at the organizational level.
Hypocholesterolemia in chronic anemias with increased erythropoietic activity
Authors: Shalev Hanna , Kapelushnik Joseph , Moser Asher , Knobler Hilla , Tamary Hannah
Published: October 2006

Hypocholesterolemia of unknown etiology has been previously described in various chronic anemias. Few small studies also suggested that those patients have a lower incidence of atherosclerotic events. The aim of our study was to determine the extent of hypocholesterolemia in various types of anemias. We studied 59 patients with chronic anemias associated with high‐erythropoietic activity (thalassemia intermedia, congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type I, congenital spherocytosis), 8 patients with low‐erythropoietic activity anemias (acquired aplastic anemia, Fanconi anemia, and Diamond Blackfan anemia), and 20 healthy controls. Mean serum cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, hemoglobin, serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (STR), and serum erythropoietin levels were determined in each patient. All patients with chronic anemia and increased erythropoietic activity had hypocholesterolemia, whereas none of those with low erythropoietic activity was hypocholesterolemic. Mean serum cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol levels were found to be significantly lower in the high‐erythropoietic activity group (80 ± 19 mg/dl; 31 ± 10 mg/dl; 35 ± 14 mg/dl, respectively) compared with the control group (P < 0.001; 0.001; 0.001, respectively) and the low‐erythropoietic activity group (P < 0.001; 0.001; 0.01, respectively). Significant inverse correlation (R2 = 0.507) was observed between serum cholesterol and STR levels, which in the absence of iron deficiency reflect bone marrow activity. Taken together, our results imply that hypocholesterolemia accompanies anemias with high‐erythropoietic activity. We suggest that the high‐erythropoitic activity‐associated hypocholesterolemia is due to increased cholesterol requirements by the proliferating erythoid cells. Further studies are needed to elucidate the exact mechanism and the possible clinical consequences of this phenomenon. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hydrogen Peroxide Synthesis: An Outlook beyond the Anthraquinone Process
Authors: Campos‐Martin Jose M. , Blanco‐Brieva Gema , Fierro Jose L. G.
Published: October 2006

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is widely used in almost all industrial areas, particularly in the chemical industry and environmental protection. The only degradation product of its use is water, and thus it has played a large role in environmentally friendly methods in the chemical industry. Hydrogen peroxide is produced on an industrial scale by the anthraquinone oxidation (AO) process. However, this process can hardly be considered a green method. It involves the sequential hydrogenation and oxidation of an alkylanthraquinone precursor dissolved in a mixture of organic solvents followed by liquid–liquid extraction to recover H2O2. The AO process is a multistep method that requires significant energy input and generates waste, which has a negative effect on its sustainability and production costs. The transport, storage, and handling of bulk H2O2 involve hazards and escalating expenses. Thus, novel, cleaner methods for the production of H2O2 are being explored. The direct synthesis of H2O2 from O2 and H2 using a variety of catalysts, and the factors influencing the formation and decomposition of H2O2 are examined in detail in this Review.
Die Lehre von den Giften, in medicinischer, geschichtlicher und polizeylicher Hinsicht
Authors: Marx K. F. H.
Published: October 2006

Die Lehre von den Giften, in medicinischer, geschichtlicher und polizeylicher Hinsicht; von Dr. K. F. H. Marx, Professor der Heilkunde an der Universität Göttingen, Erster Band, erste Abtheilung. Die geschichtliche Darstellung der Giftlehre. Göttingen in der Dietrichschen Buchhandlung 1827.
Über die Oxydation einiger Hydroxypyridine, insbesondere des 2,5‐Dihydroxypyridins
Authors: Loth H. , Eichner K.
Published: October 2006

Die drei Monohydroxypyridine werden von Peroxydase und Wasserstoffperoxid nicht oxydiert. Von den sechs isomeren Dihydroxypyridinen wurde nur das 4‐Hydroxy‐pyridon‐(2) nicht angegriffen, während das 5‐ und das 6‐Hydropyridon‐(2) besonders leicht oxydierbar sind, wobei intermediär intensiv gefärbte Verbindungen entstehen. Zwei Zwischenprodukte der Oxydation des 5‐Hydroxypyridons‐(2) wurden isoliert und als 2,2′,5,5′‐Tetrahydroxy‐dipyridyl‐(6,6′) und 2,2′,5,5′‐Tetrahydroxy‐3,3′‐diaza‐diphenochinon‐(4,4′) oder seine tautomeren Formen identifiziert.
Coordination Behavior of Sterically Protected Phosphaalkenes on the AuCl Moiety Leading to Catalytic 1,6‐Enyne Cycloisomerization
Authors: Freytag Matthias , Ito Shigekazu , Yoshifuji Masaaki
Published: October 2006

Mes*‐substituted 2,3‐dimethyl‐1,4‐diphosphabuta‐1,3‐diene, 1,2‐diphenyl‐3,4‐diphosphinidenecyclobutene, 2,2‐bis(methylsulfanyl)‐1‐phosphaethene, and 3,3‐diphenyl‐1,3‐diphosphapropenes (Mes*=2,4,6‐tri‐tert‐butylphenyl) were employed as P ligands of gold(I) complexes. The (E,E)‐2,3‐dimethyl‐1,4‐diphosphabuta‐1,3‐diene functioned as a P2 ligand for digold(I) complex formation with or without intramolecular Au–Au contact, which depends on the conformation of the 1,3‐diphosphabuta‐1,3‐diene. The 1,2‐diphenyl‐3,4‐diphosphinidenecyclobutene, which has a rigid s‐cis PCCP skeleton, afforded the corresponding digold(I) complexes with a slight distortion of the planar diphosphinidenecyclobutene framework and intramolecular Au–Au contact. In the case of the 2,2‐bis(methylsulfanyl)‐1‐phosphaethene, only the phosphorus atom coordinated to gold, and the sulfur atom showed almost no intra‐ or intermolecular coordination to gold. On the other hand, the 1,3‐diphosphapropenes behaved as nonequivalent P2 ligands to afford the corresponding mono‐ and digold(I) complexes. Some phosphaalkene–gold(I) complexes showed catalytic activity for 1,6‐enyne cycloisomerization without cocatalysts such as silver hexafluoroantimonate.
Bioavailability of fluvoxamine given with and without food
Authors: Van Harten J. , Van Bemmel P. , Dobrinska M. R. , Ferguson R. K. , Raghoebar M.
Published: October 2006

The influence of concomitant food intake on plasma concentrations of the antidepressant drug fluvoxamine maleate was investigated in a two‐way, crossover study design. Eight male and four female healthy, young volunteers received a single oral dose of fluvoxamine maleate (50 mg, tablet) on two occasions: after an overnight fast and immediately after a breakfast. Food did not affect maximum fluvoxamine plasma levels (Cmax), or the time to reach Cmax (tmax). The plasma AUC of fluvoxamine was on average 7 per cent lower in the fed than in the fasted state. It is concluded that the effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of fluvoxamine is negligible.
In vivo evaluation of the semi‐simultaneous method for bioavailability estimation using controlled intravenous infusion as an ‘extravascular’ route of administration
Authors: Bredberg Ulf , Karlsson Mats O.
Published: October 2006

A recently proposed method for bioavailability estimation, called the semi‐simultaneous method, was evaluated in vivo in rats using methysergide as a test substance. In this method the test and the reference dose are administered with a short time interval and a model including the bioavailability parameters is fitted to the concentration‐time profile. In the present study, in order to control the true bioavailability, intravenous infusion was used to mimic extravascular administration and various input profiles were produced. Mono‐, bi‐ and triexponential disposition functions with the true and also various erroneous input models were fitted to the individual data sets. The models were also fitted to truncated data sets to mimic a situation where a long duration of sampling is precluded. A combined fitting‐deconvolution procedure was also applied. The simi‐simultaneous method gave precise and accurate estimates of the bioavailability in most groups and a robustness in the estimate concerning the model fitted was noted. The true input model could be identified for all data sets using common goodness‐of‐fit criteria. In the groups where a ‘flip‐flop’ situation was created (slower input than elimination) a poorer precision and accuracy and a higher sensitivity concerning the model fitted was observed. The model fitting and the fitting‐deconvolution procedure generally gave very similar results.
Financing private colleges
Authors: Witter Richard M.
Published: October 2006

Contrary to popular opinion, private two‐year colleges are not moribund, but they must keep a tight rein and concentrate on improving their programs.
Critical decade for community college financing
Authors: Lombardi John
Published: October 2006

A roundup of trends reported in the preceding articles, with some additional forecasts.
The community college transfer student
Authors: Kintzer Frederick C.
Published: October 2006

Problems of transfer students are revealed in data from a new national study of articulation.
Decentralization in california
Authors: Brossman Sidney W.
Published: October 2006

The Board of Governors of the California Community Colleges has maintained a fine balance between leadership and maintenance of local control‐sand the colleges are booming.
A conceptual construct of personality
Authors: Brawer Florence B.
Published: October 2006

A foundation for constructing and implementing services for students as they really are.
Governing a multicampus district
Authors: Wygal Benjamin R. , Owen Harold James
Published: October 2006

A multicampus college experiences special problems and tensions as a consequence of its sire, complexity, and the distances separating its units; the authors describe one system of governance that has evolved to meet the needs of a rapidly growing Florida community college.
Governance as education: The dawson approach
Authors: Kelly Gerald O.
Published: October 2006

What would happen if an institution from the moment of its inception devoted itself in practice as well as theory to achieving maximum student participation in decision making? Drawing on the evidence of Quebec's Dawson College, the author describes the experience as well as its positive and negative outcomes.
Unionism, an experiential report
Authors: Florin Terence D.
Published: October 2006

Can the concepts and tactics of unionism be applied to higher education without compromising the traditional character of the academic community?
A portable course with pop culture
Authors: Luskin Bernard J.
Published: October 2006

How three community college districts are designing and building a course in interdisciplinary humanities that is truly novel.
The chairperson's role in promoting better teaching
Authors: Thomas Wanda E.
Published: October 2006

A former chairperson with experience in two large community colleges „tells it like it is”︁ as she offers suggestions on the chairperson' s role in improving instruction.
Internal change agents
Authors: Goodman Alberta
Published: October 2006

Some of the attributes and activities of campus change agents are described.
Assessing student progress in academic achievement
Authors: Lenning Oscar T.
Published: October 2006

A variety of methods for assessing student achievement is available for college staffs to use in making better decisions in eight different types of situations.
Assessing student progress in preparation for work
Authors: Martorana S. V.
Published: October 2006

Today most community colleges are committed to occupational education, and assessing student progress in this area, though complicated, can be accomplished by careful planning.
Components of a model public relations program
Authors: Harper William A.
Published: October 2006

Internal and external communication as well as development, should be included in a program that will bring about widespread understanding and support.
Antecedents: Evolution of the community‐based college
Authors: Myran Gunder A.
Published: October 2006

The philosophical roots of the community‐based movement lie in the origins of the community college.
Shifting patterns of financial support
Authors: Martorana S. V.
Published: October 2006

There appears to be less agreement about the sources of community college financing than there was two or three decades ago. Without new departures in sound directions, the wayward drift to state and federal dominance will continue.
The “cooling out” function revisited
Authors: Clark Burton R.
Published: October 2006

The cooling out function —like democracy—is not very attractive until you consider its alternatives. It is likely to remain an important part of what American community colleges do.
dateline '79 revisited
Authors: Cohen Arthur M.
Published: October 2006

In looking at the community college movement today, the visionary critic of 1969 still advises these schools to give education a central position in their operations.
Community colleges: Alternative to eiitism in higher education
Authors: Johnston J. Richard
Published: October 2006

Critics claim that community colleges reinforce class status and privilege. The author suggests that the colleges could be part of an alternative system of higher education, equal in quality but different in kind from traditional four‐year schools.
Changing form and focus of occupational education
Authors: Crede John F.
Published: October 2006

The community college has narrowed its role as handmaiden to the senior colleges and universities and enlarged its role as handmaiden to the business, industrial, public agency, labor, and military communities.
Using research for planning
Authors: Ramsey William L.
Published: October 2006

Master plans necessitate a continuity of regularly scheduled research efforts.
Marketing: A definition for community colleges
Authors: Kotler Philip , Goldgehn Leslie A.
Published: October 2006

Marketing is the means by which a community college can define its existing and potential markets, identify the market's needs, respond with appropriate programs and services, and position itself favorably.
Evaluation of College Administrators
Authors: Wattenbarger James L.
Published: October 2006

Administrator evaluation should be a part of a total plan for institutional evaluation and quality assurance.
Evaluating, developing, and promoting community college staff
Authors: Adams Frank
Published: October 2006

Evaluation of community college personnel is not an impossible task if administrators take into account hiring, staff development, and retention models used by business and industry.
Primary Roles for Community College Counselors
Authors: Matson Jane E.
Published: October 2006

Deeply rooted is community college mission and philosophy, counseling is the most significant out‐of‐class service. Counselor roles, which have emerged out of secondary school and university practices, must be encouraged to grow in response to changing times.
Strategic management in the community college
Authors: Myran Gunder A.
Published: October 2006

Those within community colleges realize that the future does not just happen; rather, creating the future starts in the minds and hearts of key decision makers, and it is given shape by their will and energy.
The Strategy of Internal Communications and Working Relationships
Authors: Bila Dennis W.
Published: October 2006

Shared governance is not a panacea that instantly can solve every problem that an organization faces. It works only if there is total commitment to a trusting, caring, and cooperative relationship among staff groups.
Promises and Pitfalls in Serving Organized Community‐Based Group Interests
Authors: Martorana S. V. , Piland William E.
Published: October 2006

Three basic questions must be confronted by each community college as it considers tackling the challenge of the new mission.
Management Challenges, Principles, and Strategies for the 1980s
Authors: Richardson Richard C.
Published: October 2006

Achievement of administrative priorities, particularly those that require organizational change, has become costly and complex. To achieve change in the coming decade, administrators will need managerial sophistication to avoid such unacceptable costs as loss of organizational morale and managerial credibility.
Leadership and community change
Authors: Smith Joshua L.
Published: October 2006

As the student population changes, community colleges experience substantial changes in both policy and operations. Whether these changes are instituted from within or without is a critical task for leadership.
New Relationships with Government, Business, and Industry
Authors: Terrey John N.
Published: October 2006

Economic and political developments have caused community college presidents to devote more time to external constituencies, such as the legislature and business, and to form new alliances among business, government, and education. The community that community colleges serve is expanding.
Leadership and Technological Innovation
Authors: Bush Ronald W. , Ames W. Clark
Published: October 2006

Analysis of technological change and its implications for human resource development is an important task for community college administrators. This chapter reviews future changes in technology, their impact on faculty and staff, and the implications of changing technology for leadership development in the decade ahead.
Defining and Locating Effective Leaders
Authors: Mactavish Margaret
Published: October 2006

Changing entrenched patterns of interaction among presidents and trustees has great risks and great rewards. Acceptance of personal responsibility for changing outdated patterns of management is the president's task, while the task of the trustee is acceptance of personal responsibility for selecting a president who has the leadership capabilities to accomplish this goal.
Sources and Information: The Community College President
Authors: Palmer Jim
Published: October 2006

Material abstracted from recent additions to the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) system provides further information on community college leadership.
Behavioral Science Applications of Microcomputers
Authors: Dillmann Clifford Roger
Published: October 2006

Microcomputers can be used in a variety of roles to reintroduce participation and exploration to undergraduate behavioral sciences.
Choosing a Microcomputer for Use as a Teaching Aid
Authors: Visniesky Cheryl , Hocking Joan
Published: October 2006

A practical approach to the time‐consuming, frustrating search for a microcomputer system emphasizes the instructional situation in which it will be used.
The Future of Microcomputers in Community Colleges
Authors: Campbell Dale F. , Ballenger William L.
Published: October 2006

Can we predict the future of community colleges by examining colleges now on the leading edge and certain bellwethers in education?
Customized job training: Should your community college be involved?
Authors: Kopecek Robert J.
Published: October 2006

Providing customized job training presents problems as well as opportunities to the community college. The issues to be considered in deciding whether a college should become involved in industrial training are discussed, and an organizational model for delivering such programs successfully is suggested.
North Carolina: A statewide system of training for new and existing industries
Authors: Owen H. James
Published: October 2006

North Carolina's state‐supported programs linking community colleges to industrial training needs provide an example of successful government‐education‐industry collaboration.
The trustee role in congressional lobbying
Authors: Ritter Sandra L.
Published: October 2006

Trustees can play a key role in Congressional lobbying. Keeping informed of the current legislative scene is vital to lobbying success.
If you're so smart, why aren't you rich?
Authors: Woloshin Phyllis
Published: October 2006

Salary disparities are antithetical to the realities and values of community colleges.
Community colleges and social stratification in the 1980s
Authors: Karabel Jerome
Published: October 2006

Developments in American community colleges since 1972 combine to demonstrate that these institutions must renew their commitment to the community college's historic link with four‐year colleges.
Limited edition: Small community colleges adapt to new technologies
Authors: Cottingham Carl D.
Published: October 2006

Small community colleges are ready to take full advantage of advanced instructional technologies. Declining prices and cost savings of cooperative purchasing will help.
Transferability in the liberal arts and sciences
Authors: Bowles Dympna
Published: October 2006

Discrepancies in articulation policies and practice in the liberal arts and sciences lead to inconsistencies and confusion in the transfer of community college courses to senior college baccalaureate programs.
Enabling professionalism: The master technician program
Authors: Wimmer Doris K.
Published: October 2006

The Virginia Peninsula trains technicians for new‐technology jobs in electronics through vocational‐technical education.
Sources and information
Authors: Colby Anita Y.
Published: October 2006

This chapter includes additional references on political forces shaping the curriculum from the ERIC Clearinghouse for Junior Colleges.
How to begin the search for institutional distinctiveness
Authors: Quanty Michael B.
Published: October 2006

The initial organization for a community college's search for distinctiveness includes use of a college committee or a consultant.
Sources and information: Discovering institutional strengths and limitations
Authors: Childress Glenda K.
Published: October 2006

This chapter offers an annotated bibliography of ERIC documents and articles.
Beyond the college: State policy impact on student tracking systems
Authors: Bragg Ann Kieffer
Published: October 2006

State initiatives for improving the collegiate experience point out the need for colleges to develop student tracking systems.
A tracking scheme for basic skills intake assessment
Authors: Voorhees Richard A. , Hart Sharon
Published: October 2006

Few community colleges are sufficiently sophisticated in collecting, maintaining, and analyzing data for intake assessment to adequately document basic skills outcomes.
Tracking and monitoring students in special groups
Authors: Gay Melvin L. , Boukouvalas Costas S.
Published: October 2006

A n effective tracking and monitoring system must have the potential to facilitate students' effectiveness and efficient participation in their education from enrollment to graduation.
Student intentions, follow‐up studies, and student tracking
Authors: Stevenson Michael R. , Walleri R. Dan , Japely Saundra M.
Published: October 2006

The payoff for follow‐up and student flow analysis efforts is more comprehensiue and richer information about students' educational experiences and achievements.
Telling the truth, warming the heart: The future of student development in the community college
Authors: Shaw Ruth G.
Published: October 2006

The future of student development depends on the ability of the Profession to meet the dm1 challenges of access and quality in ways that help ensure student success.
Alumni: Friends and funds for your institution
Authors: Pokrass Richard J.
Published: October 2006

Interest in alumni relations at public community colleges is relatively new. But many colleges are learning there are long‐term paybacks to institutions that make friends of their alumni.
Economic development, the community college, and technology training
Authors: Maradian Steve
Published: October 2006

Economic development is tied in most states t o the community college's role in training and retraining of employees to meet industry needs.
Lessons from the past in developing international education in community colleges
Authors: Scanlon David G.
Published: October 2006

Community colleges are viewed as newcomers in the field of international education, but they are playing an increasing role in the search for world understanding.
Internationalizing the community college: Strategies for the classroom
Authors: Edwards June , Tonkin Humphrey R.
Published: October 2006

Strategies for implementing the goal of better world understanding are essential at the classroom level as well as throughout the institution.
Developing American two‐year college programs abroad
Authors: Greene William E.
Published: October 2006

Community colleges can assist in developing two‐year programs abroad in order to facilitate foreign student entry into U.S. colleges and universities.