bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Aflatoxin-Degrading Enzyme from Bacillus shackletonii L7
Authors: Xu Liang , Eisa Ahmed Mohamed , Sangare Lancine , Zhao Yueju , Selvaraj Jonathan , Xing Fuguo , Wang Yan , Yang Hongping , Liu Yang
Published: January 2017

Food and feed contamination by aflatoxin (AF)B1 has adverse economic and health consequences. AFB1 degradation by microorganisms or microbial enzymes provides a promising preventive measure. To this end, the present study tested 43 bacterial isolates collected from maize, rice, and soil samples for AFB1-reducing activity. The higher activity was detected in isolate L7, which was identified as Bacillus shackletonii. L7 reduced AFB1, AFB2, and AFM1 levels by 92.1%, 84.1%, and 90.4%, respectively, after 72 h at 37 °C. The L7 culture supernatant degraded more AFB1 than viable cells and cell extracts; and the degradation activity was reduced from 77.9% to 15.3% in the presence of proteinase K and sodium dodecyl sulphate. A thermostable enzyme purified from the boiled supernatant was designated as Bacillus aflatoxin-degrading enzyme (BADE). An overall 9.55-fold purification of BADE with a recovery of 39.92% and an activity of 3.85 × 103 U·mg−1 was obtained using chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose. BADE had an estimated molecular mass of 22 kDa and exhibited the highest activity at 70 °C and pH 8.0, which was enhanced by Cu2+ and inhibited by Zn2+, Mn2+, Mg2+, and Li+. BADE is the major protein involved in AFB1 detoxification. This is the first report of a BADE isolated from B. shackletonii, which has potential applications in the detoxification of aflatoxins during food and feed processing.
Silyl-protective groups influencing the reactivity and selectivity in glycosylations
Authors: Bols Mikael , Pedersen Christian Marcus
Published: January 2017

Silyl groups such as TBDPS, TBDMS, TIPS or TMS are well-known and widely used alcohol protective groups in organic chemistry. Cyclic silylene protective groups are also becoming increasingly popular. In carbohydrate chemistry silyl protective groups have frequently been used primarily as an orthogonal protective group to the more commonly used acyl and benzyl protective groups. However, silyl protective groups have significantly different electronic and steric requirements than acyl and alkyl protective groups, which particularly becomes important when two or more neighboring alcohols are silyl protected. Within the last decade polysilylated glycosyl donors have been found to have unusual properties such as high (or low) reactivity or high stereoselectivity. This mini review will summarize these findings.
Collision avoidance on winding roads using dedicated short-range communication
Authors: Tian Daxin , Yuan Yong , Wang Jian , Xia Haiying , Wang Jian
Published: January 2017

The emergence of wireless communication technologies such as Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) has promoted the evolution of collision warning from simple ranging-sensor-based systems to cooperative systems. In cooperative systems, path prediction is a promising method for reflecting a driver’s intention and estimating the future position of vehicles. In this study, a short-term trajectory-modelling method is proposed to predict vehicle motion behaviour in the cooperative vehicular environment. In addition, a collision detection algorithm for winding roads is presented based on a model for determining the minimum distance of vehicles’ future trajectories. The cooperative collision avoidance system’s performance is analysed through simulation, providing useful theoretical insights into the effects of DSRC technology on vehicle collision avoidance in a curved road environment.
DIRECT AND INVERSE CASCADES IN THE ACCELERATION REGION OF THE FAST SOLAR WIND
Authors: Ballegooijen A. A. van , Asgari-Targhi M.
Published: January 2017

Alfvén waves are believed to play an important role in the heating and acceleration of the fast solar wind emanating from coronal holes. Nonlinear interactions between the dominant

waves and minority

waves have the potential to transfer wave energy either to smaller perpendicular scales (“direct cascade”) or to larger scales (“inverse cascade”). In this paper we use reduced magnetohydrodynamic (RMHD) simulations to investigate how the cascade rates

depend on perpendicular wavenumber and radial distance from the Sun center. For models with a smooth background atmosphere, we find that an inverse cascade (

) occurs for the dominant waves at radii between 1.4 and

and dimensionless wavenumbers in the inertial range (

), and a direct cascade (

) occurs elsewhere. For a model with density fluctuations, there are multiple regions with an inverse cascade. In both cases, the cascade rate

varies significantly with perpendicular wavenumber, indicating that the cacsade is a highly nonlocal process. As a result of the inverse cascades, the energy dissipation rates are much lower than expected from a phenomenological model and are insufficient to maintain the temperature of the background atmosphere. We conclude that RMHD models are unable to reproduce the observed properties of the fast solar wind.
LONG-DURATION SUPERLUMINOUS SUPERNOVAE AT LATE TIMES
Authors: Jerkstrand A. , Smartt S. J. , Inserra C. , Nicholl M. , Chen T.-W. , Krühler T. , Sollerman J. , Taubenberger S. , Gal-Yam A. , Kankare E. , Maguire K. , Fraser M. , Valenti S. , Sullivan M. , Cartier R. , Young D. R.
Published: January 2017

Nebular-phase observations and spectral models of Type Ic superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) are presented. LSQ14an and SN 2015bn both display late-time spectra similar to galaxy-subtracted spectra of SN 2007bi, and the class shows strong similarity with broad-lined SNe Ic such as SN 1998bw. Near-infrared observations of SN 2015bn show a strong Ca ii triplet, O i 9263, O i 1.13 μm, and Mg i 1.50 μm, but no distinct He, Si, or S emission. The high Ca ii NIR/[Ca ii] 7291, 7323 ratio of ∼2 indicates a high electron density of

cm−3. Spectral models of oxygen-zone emission are investigated to put constraints on the emitting region. Models require

M
⊙ to produce enough [O i] 6300, 6364 luminosity, irrespective of the powering situation and the density. The high oxygen-zone mass, supported by high estimated magnesium masses, points to explosions of massive CO cores, requiring

. Collisions of pair-instability pulsations do not provide enough mass to account for the emission. [O ii] and [O iii] lines emerge naturally in many models, which strengthens the identification of broad [O ii] 7320, 7330, [O iii] 4363, and [O iii] 4959, 5007 in some spectra. A small filling factor

for the O/Mg zone is needed to produce enough luminosity in Mg i] 4571, Mg i 1.504 μm, and O i recombination lines, which shows that the ejecta is clumped. We review the constraints from the nebular spectral modeling in the context of the various scenarios proposed for SLSNe.
CAPTURING THE 3D MOTION OF AN INFALLING GALAXY VIA FLUID DYNAMICS
Authors: Su Yuanyuan , Kraft Ralph P. , Nulsen Paul E. J. , Roediger Elke , Forman William R. , Churazov Eugene , Randall Scott W. , Jones Christine , Machacek Marie E.
Published: January 2017

The Fornax Cluster is the nearest (

Mpc) galaxy cluster in the southern sky. NGC 1404 is a bright elliptical galaxy falling through the intracluster medium (ICM) of the Fornax Cluster. The sharp leading edge of NGC 1404 forms a classical “cold front” that separates 0.6 keV dense interstellar medium and 1.5 keV diffuse ICM. We measure the angular pressure variation along the cold front using a very deep (670 ks) Chandra X-ray observation. We are taking the classical approach—using stagnation pressure to determine a substructure’s speed—to the next level by not only deriving a general speed but also directionality, which yields the complete velocity field as well as the distance of the substructure directly from the pressure distribution. We find a hydrodynamic model consistent with the pressure jump along NGC 1404's atmosphere measured in multiple directions. The best-fit model gives an inclination of 33° and a Mach number of 1.3 for the infall of NGC 1404, in agreement with complementary measurements of the motion of NGC 1404. Our study demonstrates the successful treatment of a highly ionized ICM as ideal fluid flow, in support of the hypothesis that magnetic pressure is not dynamically important over most of the virial region of galaxy clusters.
SCATTER BROADENING OF PULSARS AND IMPLICATIONS ON THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM TURBULENCE
Authors: Xu Siyao , Zhang Bing
Published: January 2017

Observations reveal a uniform Kolmogorov turbulence throughout the diffuse ionized interstellar medium (ISM) and supersonic turbulence preferentially located in the Galactic plane. Correspondingly, we consider the Galactic distribution of electron density fluctuations consisting of not only a Kolmogorov density spectrum but also a short-wave-dominated density spectrum with the density structure formed at small scales due to shocks. The resulting dependence of the scatter broadening time on the dispersion measure (DM) naturally interprets the existing observational data for both low- and high-DM pulsars. According to the criteria that we derive for a quantitative determination of scattering regimes over wide ranges of DMs and frequencies ν, we find that the pulsars with low DMs are primarily scattered by the Kolmogorov turbulence, while those at low Galactic latitudes with high DMs undergo more enhanced scattering dominated by the supersonic turbulence, where the corresponding density spectrum has a spectral index of 

. Furthermore, by considering a volume filling factor of the density structures with the dependence on ν as

in the supersonic turbulence, our model can also explain the observed shallower ν scaling of the scattering time than the Kolmogorov scaling for the pulsars with relatively large DMs. The comparison between our analytical results and the scattering measurements of pulsars in turn makes a useful probe of the properties of the large-scale ISM turbulence, e.g., an injection scale of ∼100 pc, and also characteristics of small-scale density structures.
OUTFLOW AND METALLICITY IN THE BROAD-LINE REGION OF LOW-REDSHIFT ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI
Authors: Shin Jaejin , Nagao Tohru , Woo Jong-Hak
Published: January 2017

Outflows in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are crucial to understand in investigating the co-evolution of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and their host galaxies since outflows may play an important role as an AGN feedback mechanism. Based on archival UV spectra obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope and IUE, we investigate outflows in the broad-line region (BLR) in low-redshift AGNs (z < 0.4) through detailed analysis of the velocity profile of the C iv emission line. We find a dependence of the outflow strength on the Eddington ratio and the BLR metallicity in our low-redshift AGN sample, which is consistent with earlier results obtained for high-redshift quasars. These results suggest that BLR outflows, gas accretion onto SMBHs, and past star formation activity in host galaxies are physically related in low-redshift AGNs as in powerful high-redshift quasars.
HUBBLE PARAMETER MEASUREMENT CONSTRAINTS ON THE REDSHIFT OF THE DECELERATION–ACCELERATION TRANSITION, DYNAMICAL DARK ENERGY, AND SPACE CURVATURE
Authors: Farooq Omer , Madiyar Foram Ranjeet , Crandall Sara , Ratra Bharat
Published: January 2017

We compile an updated list of 38 measurements of the Hubble parameter H(z) between redshifts 0.07 ≤ z ≤ 2.36 and use them to place constraints on model parameters of constant and time-varying dark energy cosmological models, both spatially flat and curved. We use five models to measure the redshift of the cosmological deceleration–acceleration transition, z
da, from these H(z) data. Within the error bars, the measured z
da are insensitive to the model used, depending only on the value assumed for the Hubble constant H
0. The weighted mean of our measurements is z
da = 0.72 ± 0.05 (0.84 ± 0.03) for H
0 = 68 ± 2.8 (73.24 ± 1.74) km s−1 Mpc−1 and should provide a reasonably model-independent estimate of this cosmological parameter. The H(z) data are consistent with the standard spatially flat ΛCDM cosmological model but do not rule out nonflat models or dynamical dark energy models.
GAMMA-RAY UPPER LIMITS ON MAGNETARS WITH SIX YEARS OF FERMI-LAT OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Li Jian , Rea Nanda , Torres Diego F. , de Oña-Wilhelmi Emma
Published: January 2017

We report on the search for gamma-ray emission from 20 magnetars using six years of Fermi Large Area Telescope observations. No significant evidence for gamma-ray emission from any of the currently known magnetars is found. We derived the most stringent upper limits to date on the 0.1–10 GeV emission of Galactic magnetars, which are estimated between ∼10−12 and 10−11 erg s−1 cm−2. We searched gamma-ray pulsations for the four magnetars having reliable ephemerides over the observing period, but detected none. We also report updated morphologies and spectral properties of seven spatially extended gamma-ray sources, which are most likely attributed to supernova remnants associated with or adjacent to the magnetars.
DOUBLE-CELL-TYPE SOLAR MERIDIONAL CIRCULATION BASED ON A MEAN-FIELD HYDRODYNAMIC MODEL
Authors: Bekki Y. , Yokoyama T.
Published: January 2017

The main object of the paper is to present the condition of the nondiffusive part of the Reynolds stress for driving the double-cell structure of the solar meridional circulation, which has been revealed by recent helioseismic observations. By conducting a set of mean-field hydrodynamic simulations, we confirm for the first time that double-cell meridional circulation can be achieved along with the solar-like differential rotation when the Reynolds stress transports the angular momentum upward in the lower part and downward in the upper part of the convection zone. It is concluded that in a stationary state, the accumulated angular momentum via the Reynolds stress in the middle layer is advected to both the upper and lower parts of the convection zone by each of the two meridional circulation cells, respectively.
A High-mass Protobinary System with Spatially Resolved Circumstellar Accretion Disks and Circumbinary Disk*
Authors: Kraus S. , Kluska J. , Kreplin A. , Bate M. , Harries T. J. , Hofmann K.-H. , Hone E. , Monnier J. D. , Weigelt G. , Anugu A. , de Wit W. J. , Wittkowski M.
Published: January 2017

High-mass multiples might form via fragmentation of self-gravitational disks or alternative scenarios such as disk-assisted capture. However, only a few observational constraints exist on the architecture and disk structure of high-mass protobinaries and their accretion properties. Here, we report the discovery of a close (57.9 ± 0.2 mas = 170 au) high-mass protobinary, IRAS17216-3801, where our VLTI/GRAVITY+AMBER near-infrared interferometry allows us to image the circumstellar disks around the individual components with ∼3 mas resolution. We estimate the component masses to ∼20 and ∼18 M
⊙ and find that the radial intensity profiles can be reproduced with an irradiated disk model, where the inner regions are excavated of dust, likely tracing the dust sublimation region in these disks. The circumstellar disks are strongly misaligned with respect to the binary separation vector, which indicates that the tidal forces did not have time to realign the disks, pointing toward a young dynamical age of the system. We constrain the distribution of the Brγ and CO-emitting gas using VLTI/GRAVITY spectro-interferometry and VLT/CRIRES spectro-astrometry and find that the secondary is accreting at a higher rate than the primary. VLT/NACO imaging shows L′-band emission on (3–4)× larger scales than the binary separation, matching the expected dynamical truncation radius for the circumbinary disk. The IRAS17216-3801 system is ∼3× more massive and ∼5× more compact than other high-mass multiplies imaged at infrared wavelength and the first high-mass protobinary system where circumstellar and circumbinary dust disks could be spatially resolved. This opens exciting new opportunities for studying star–disk interactions and the role of multiplicity in high-mass star formation.
Quality of Care for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Mind the Knowledge Gap
Authors: Golder Vera , Morand Eric F. , Hoi Alberta Y.
Published: January 2017

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypical chronic multiorgan autoimmune disorder that can lead to significant burden of disease and loss of life expectancy. The disease burden is the result of a complex interplay between genetic, biologic, socioeconomic, and health system variables affecting the individual. Recent advances in biological understanding of SLE are yet to translate to transformative therapies, and genetic and socioeconomic variables are not readily amenable to intervention. In contrast, healthcare quality, a variable readily amenable to change, has been inadequately addressed in SLE, despite evidence in other chronic diseases that quality of care is strongly associated with patient outcomes. This article will analyze the available literature on the quality of care relevant to SLE, identify knowledge gaps, and suggest ways to address this in future research.
Rituximab Retreatment in Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Real-life Cohort: Data from the CERERRA Collaboration
Authors: Chatzidionysiou Katerina , Lie Elisabeth , Lukina Galina , Hetland Merete L. , Hauge Ellen-Margrethe , Pavelka Karel , Gabay Cem , Scherer Almut , Nordström Dan , Canhao Helena , Santos Maria José , Tomsic Matija , Rotar Ziga , Hernández M. Victoria , Gomez-Reino Juan , Ancuta Ioan , Kvien Tore K. , van Vollenhoven Ronald
Published: January 2017

Objective.

Several aspects of rituximab (RTX) retreatment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) need to be further elucidated. The aim of this study was to describe the effect of repeated courses of RTX on disease activity and to compare 2 retreatment strategies, fixed-interval versus on-flare retreatment, in a large international, observational, collaborative study.

Methods.

In the first analysis, patients with RA who received at least 4 cycles with RTX were included. In the second analysis, patients who received at least 1 RTX retreatment and for whom information about the strategy for retreatment was available were identified. Two retreatment strategies (fixed-interval vs on-flare) were compared by fitting-adjusted, mixed-effects models of 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28) over time for first and second retreatment.

Results.

A total of 1530 patients met the eligibility criteria for the first analysis. Significant reductions of mean DAS28 between the starts of subsequent treatment cycles were observed (at start of first treatment cycle: 5.5; second: 4.3; third: 3.8; and fourth: 3.5), suggesting improved response after each additional cycle (p < 0.0001 for all pairwise comparisons). A total of 800 patients qualified for the second analysis: 616 were retreated on flare and 184 at fixed interval. For the first retreatment, the fixed-interval retreatment group yielded significantly better results than the on-flare group (estimated marginal mean DAS28 = 3.8, 95% CI 3.6–4.1 vs 4.6, 95% CI 4.5–4.7, p < 0.0001). Similar results were found for the second retreatment.

Conclusion.

Repeated treatment with RTX leads to further clinical improvement after the first course of RTX. A fixed-interval retreatment strategy seems to be more effective than on-flare retreatment.
A Preliminary Core Domain Set for Clinical Trials of Shoulder Disorders: A Report from the OMERACT 2016 Shoulder Core Outcome Set Special Interest Group
Authors: Buchbinder Rachelle , Page Matthew J. , Huang Hsiaomin , Verhagen Arianne P. , Beaton Dorcas , Kopkow Christian , Lenza Mario , Jain Nitin B. , Richards Bethan , Richards Pamela , Voshaar Marieke , van der Windt Danielle , Gagnier Joel J. ,   The Shoulder Core Outcome Set Special Interest Group
Published: January 2017

Objective.

The Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Shoulder Core Outcome Set Special Interest Group (SIG) was established to develop a core outcome set (COS) for clinical trials of shoulder disorders.

Methods.

In preparation for OMERACT 2016, we systematically examined all outcome domains and measurement instruments reported in 409 randomized trials of interventions for shoulder disorders published between 1954 and 2015. Informed by these data, we conducted an international Delphi consensus study including shoulder trial experts, clinicians, and patients to identify key domains that should be included in a shoulder disorder COS. Findings were discussed at a stakeholder premeeting of OMERACT. At OMERACT 2016, we sought consensus on a preliminary core domain set and input into next steps.

Results.

There were 13 and 15 participants at the premeeting and the OMERACT 2016 SIG meeting, respectively (9 attended both meetings). Consensus was reached on a preliminary core domain set consisting of an inner core of 4 domains: pain, physical function/activity, global perceived effect, and adverse events including death. A middle core consisted of 3 domains: emotional well-being, sleep, and participation (recreation and work). An outer core of research required to inform the final COS was also formulated.

Conclusion.

Our next steps are to (1) analyze whether participation (recreation and work) should be in the inner core, (2) conduct a third Delphi round to finalize definitions and wording of domains and reach final endorsement for the domains, and (3) determine which instruments fulfill the OMERACT criteria for measuring each domain.
Heart rate and velocity in Vaquejada horses during field tests
Authors: Hunka M.M. , Lima L.C.F. , Souza L.A. , Silva C.J.F.L. , Silva E.R.R. , Manso H.E.C.C.C. , Filho H.C. Manso
Published: January 2017

The use of heart rate (HR) monitors for horse training assessment under field conditions has been expanded because its use facilitates the understanding of horse fitness levels. Work has been carried out to determine the HR, velocity (V) and exercise time for pull and helper horses submitted to the Vaquejada simulation test (VST). The test was used on 70 Quarter Horses that had trained and competed for more than 6 months. The VST consists of two horses, a puller and a helper, and a bull, all running on a soft sand track. A race cycle consists of three runs with the bull. Pull horses run one cycle and helper horses run two cycles. A Polar V800-GPS HR monitor for equines was used to measure several parameters: time, V and HR. The results were analysed by ANOVA and a Tukey test with P set at 5%. It was shown that pull horses developed an HRmax of ~200 bpm and an HRmin ~110 bpm, both higher than the helper horses (P<0.05). However, the HRmed of pull horses (~150 bpm) and helper horses (~139 bpm) in C-2 trials were not substantially different from one another (P>0.05). Additionally, both groups of horses had similar maximum (~8.90 m/s) and average (~1.87 m/s) velocities (P>0.05). In analysing the distribution of HR among five rate categories, we determined that pull horses presented a higher percentage of their HR above 170 bpm in comparison to helper horses (P<0.05). It was concluded that, based on VST results, pull and helper horses presented different HRmax, HRmed and HRmin values, even when V and duration were similar, and that pull horses perform more intensive work than helper horses.
A survey of aflatoxin B1 in maize and awareness of aflatoxins in Vietnam
Authors: Lee H.S. , Nguyen-Viet H. , Lindahl J. , Thanh H.M. , Khanh T.N. , Hien L.T.T. , Grace D.
Published: January 2017

Vietnam is a tropical country with high temperature and precipitation, which may provide good conditions for fungal growth. A few limited studies have been conducted to evaluate the level of aflatoxin B1 in maize in Vietnam. In addition, no studies have been conducted to evaluate the perception and knowledge of aflatoxins in Vietnam. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to determine the levels of aflatoxin B1 for human and animal consumption in maize and evaluate perceptions and knowledge of aflatoxins among people across the country. A total of 2,370 samples were collected from six provinces and analysed using ELISA. Among collected samples, 799 samples (33.71%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 31.81-35.66%) and 687 samples (28.98%, 95%CI: 27.17-30.86%) had levels above 2 µg/kg and 5 µg/kg, respectively [range from below limit of detection (LOD) to 34.8 µg/kg; of the samples above LOD, the mean was 13.1 µg/kg and median was 11.2 µg/kg]. A total of 551 people were interviewed from 6 provinces. The survey showed that awareness of aflatoxins (question:Have you heard about aflatoxins?) in southern Vietnam [An Giang (25%), Dak Lak (23.23%) and Dong Nai (6%)] was relatively higher than in provinces in northern Vietnam. We believe that this analysed information can be useful to better understand the epidemiology of aflatoxins in different provinces. This study also produces evidence on potential risk to humans and animals in Vietnam as well as demographic factors (such as gender and level of education) significantly influencing knowledge of aflatoxins. In conclusion, this paper points to the importance of raising the awareness of the risks with aflatoxins, bearing in mind the gender aspect during capacity development.
Analyzing Change in Nursing Home Information Technology Sophistication: A 2-Year Survey
Authors: Alexander Gregory L. , Madsen Richard , Newton Matthew
Published: January 2017

Nursing home (NH) health information technology (IT) is becoming more prevalent across the country. Currently, a national sample of NHs is being surveyed for 3 consecutive years to determine trends in NH IT sophistication (e.g., measures of IT capabilities, extent of IT use, IT integration with internal and external stakeholders). IT sophistication is measured in resident care, clinical support, and administrative activities. The current article provides details of the differences in NH IT sophistication reported by administrators completing Year 1 and Year 2 surveys. IT in clinical support (i.e., laboratory, pharmacy, and radiology) had the greatest differences. This difference is expected because these areas typically require external contracts, making it dificult to fit IT with existing workflows, which is important for sustained adoption. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 43
(1), 17–21.]
Surgical Treatment of Adult-Onset Esotropia: Characteristics and Outcomes
Authors: Grace Sara F. , Cavuoto Kara M. , Shi Wei , Capo Hilda
Published: January 2017

Purpose:

To describe the characteristics of the strabismus, surgical management, and outcomes of patients who underwent surgery for adult-onset esotropia.

Methods:

This was a retrospective case study of patients at an academic tertiary referral center who underwent surgical treatment of esotropia acquired at or after age 18 years. Primary outcome measures were resolution of diplopia in primary position and a deviation of 10 prism diopters or less in primary gaze. Additional clinical parameters were assessed.

Results:

Of 248 patients with adult-onset esotropia who underwent strabismus surgery, all experienced diplopia preoperatively except those with sensory esotropia. The four most common diagnoses were cranial nerve VI palsy in 36% (90 of 248), thyroid eye disease in 18% (45 of 248), age-related distance esotropia in 15% (38 of 248), and decompensated latent esodeviations in 13% (31 of 248) of patients. A variety of surgical procedures were employed, and adjustable sutures were used in 79% (196 of 248). Approximately 80% (158 of 197) of patients present at the 2-month postoperative follow-up visit were aligned within 10 prism diopters, and 72% (140 of 195) experienced resolution of diplopia. Success rates were significantly higher in patients with adjustable sutures. Reoperation rates were low overall at 15% (37 of 248) and were highest in cranial nerve VI palsies and lowest in age-related distance esotropia. Dose-response calculations showed a non-significantly smaller effect per millimeter of recession and resection in cranial nerve VI palsy and age-related distance esotropia.

Conclusions:

The causes of adult-onset esotropia are diverse. A variety of surgical approaches are employed and, in conjunction with adjustable sutures, provide a good rate of diplopia resolution and acceptable ocular alignment.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.
2017;54(2):104–111.]
Morphological Evaluation of Meibomian Glands in Children and Adolescents Using Noncontact Infrared Meibography
Authors: Wu Yuan , Li Haili , Tang Yun , Yan Xiaoming
Published: January 2017

Purpose:

To compare, in vivo, differences in meibomian gland morphology between children and adolescents.

Methods:

Sixty-nine patients were included in this study and divided into two groups: children (n = 31; age range: 3 to 11 years) and adolescents (n = 39; age range: 12 to 18 years). Images of meibomian glands were obtained by infrared meibography and analyzed using ImageJ software (developed by the National Institutes of Health; available at
http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/download.html
). Meibomian gland loss, the number of meibomian gland ducts, the relative width of the meibomian gland ducts, and the percent area of the meibomian gland acini were compared between the two groups.

Results:

Meibomian gland loss was found in both groups, but the meiboscore was not significantly different between the two groups (0.35 ± 0.6 vs 0.41 ± 0.8,
t
= −0.314,
P
> .05). The number of meibomian gland ducts (25.85 ± 3.25 vs 23.23 ± 3.06,
t
= −3.437,
P
< .05), relative width of the meibomian gland ducts (69.62% ± 5% vs 66.1% ± 7%,
t
= −2.454,
P
< .05), and percent area of the meibomian gland acini (57.7% ± 4% vs 55.5% ± 4%,
t
= 2.571,
P
< .05) in the upper eyelid were significantly greater in adolescents than in children. However, no significant differences were found in the lower eyelid between the two groups.

Conclusions:

Meibography is useful for the assessment of ocular surface conditions in children and adolescents. Meibomian gland loss occurs in both children and adolescents. The meibomian glands of the upper eyelid exhibit more morphological changes in adolescents than in children.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.
2017;54(2):78–83.]
Orientaciones astronómicas en el oppidum oretano del Cerro de las Cabezas (Valdepeñas, Ciudad Real)
Authors: Esteban César , Benítez de Lugo Enrich Luis
Published: January 2017

Se presenta un análisis arqueoastronómico de la orientación definida por los muros del santuario de entrada del oppidum ibérico Cerro de las Cabezas (Valdepeñas, Ciudad Real), situado en la Oretania septentrional, así como de otros recintos pertinentes para el análisis. El resultado más relevante es que dos de los muros perimetrales del santuario están orientados hacia el amanecer en los equinoccios y en el solsticio de verano respectivamente. Como en otros santuarios ibéricos, se encuentra que la salida del Sol en los equinoccios se produce sobre la cumbre de una de las montañas más distantes del horizonte. También planteamos la posibilidad de que otros muros del mismo santuario puedan estar orientados hacia ortos de varias de las estrellas más brillantes del cielo. Se constata que el eje este-oeste de la trama urbana de la parte meridional del oppidum (donde se localiza un recinto de carácter cultual para algunos autores) se orienta aproximadamente hacia el orto en el solsticio de invierno. Finalmente documentamos un posible alineamiento entre el santuario de entrada, la necrópolis descubierta al este del oppidum y el punto del horizonte donde se produce el orto del solsticio de invierno.
La Cella (Salou, Tarragona). Un puerto comercial en el litoral cessetano
Authors: Diloli Fons Jordi , Vilà Llorach Jordi , Ferré Anguix Ramón , Cots Serret Ivan , Bricio Segura Laura , Sardà Basora Helena
Published: January 2017

Presentamos los resultados de la excavación arqueológica efectuada entre 2010 y 2014 en el asentamiento protohistórico de La Cella (Salou, Tarragonès). La realización de los trabajos y la interpretación de los resultados ha manejado técnicas interdisciplinares para la identificación de los espacios económicos del poblado mediante el análisis de muestras de sedimento. Destacan la arquitectura y el urbanismo del mismo, atípicos en el contexto ibérico de esta región, así como el volumen de cerámicas importadas recuperadas. Estos elementos, junto con la cronología de su ocupación (desde inicios del siglo IV hasta mediados del siglo III a.n.e.), distinguen claramente el asentamiento de cualquier otro ibérico del territorio o de las áreas vecinas. Estas particularidades nos han permitido proponer una funcionalidad de puerto comercial para el poblado, posiblemente habitado por una comunidad étnica mixta de origen mediterráneo.
Aproximación al patrón alimentario de los inhumados en la cista de la Edad del Bronce de Ondarre (Aralar, Guipúzcoa) a través del análisis de isótopos estables de carbono y nitrógeno sobre colágeno óseo
Authors: Fernández-Crespo Teresa , Mujika Jose Antonio , Ordoño Javier
Published: January 2017

Se presentan los resultados del análisis de isótopos estables de carbono y nitrógeno sobre colágeno óseo de los individuos depositados en la cista guipuzcoana de la Edad del Bronce (II milenio cal. BC) de Ondarre. Los datos obtenidos sugieren una dieta mixta de origen terrestre basada en el consumo de plantas C3 y sobre todo de animales domésticos. No existen indicios de que los recursos marinos, lacustre-fluviales o las plantas C4 supusieran una contribución significativa a la subsistencia cotidiana, tal y como parece ocurrir en otros yacimientos coetáneos de la Península Ibérica y el archipiélago balear. La elevada ingesta proteica observada podría vincularse con el estatus de los inhumados y/o con la prevalencia de un modelo económico ganadero en que el consumo de productos animales tendría un gran peso.
Arqueometría y contexto artesanal de los discos áureos de Fortios (Portalegre, Alto Alentejo, Portugal)
Authors: Perea Alicia , Vilaça Raquel , Armbruster Barbara
Published: January 2017

A partir del estudio topográfico y el análisis elemental de cuatro ejemplares del conjunto portugués definimos un tipo de objeto de oro poco conocido y recogemos todos los hallazgos realizados hasta la fecha. Argumentamos la conveniencia de adecuar la técnica analítica al problema planteado para obtener resultados fiables, que en nuestro caso nos han permitido observar procesos técnicos de soldadura con material de menor punto de fusión. El estudio comparativo con otros datos analíticos de hallazgos similares nos permite reconstruir el ámbito tecnológico, de carácter mediterráneo, en el que se inscriben. Finalmente, el contexto arqueológico entre los siglos VIII y VII a.C. y las características de taller los sitúan entre las producciones artesanales del periodo orientalizante en el cuadrante suroccidental peninsular.
GOIÂNIA: ENTRE A ESQUIZOFRENIA URBANA E OS DEVANEIOS QUIXOTEANOS
Authors: Mello Marcelo De
Published: January 2017

Goiânia foi construída nas décadas de 1930 e 1940 para redefinir relações consolidadas em torno da tradição do ambiente rural. A nova cidade-capital emergiu para recompor valores e evocar potencialidades. Este processo objetivou a produção de uma nova relação do homem goiano com o mundo. Ele deveria pautar suas ações em uma racionalidade inerente a vida urbana. A nova sede administrativa estadual tornou-se capital de um Goiás mais urbano; contudo, o progresso vislumbrado não se fez presente. Goiânia configurou-se como uma cidade repleta de migrantes produtores de uma pressão por habitação. Tal pressão materializou a Vila Mutirão: um espaço segregado, na região noroeste da cidade, formado por casas de placas de cimento erguidas em regime de mutirão. Esta segregação foi sucedida por uma auto-segregação. Inúmeros condomínios horizontais foram edificados na região sul da cidade. Todavia, as regiões noroeste e sul de Goiânia não são caracterizadas somente por diversidades. Para apresentar uma unidade integradora promovemos um diálogo da ciência com a literatura. Nesta perspectiva, a esquizofrenia urbana de Santos (2004) e Dom Quixote de Cervantes (1987) foram aproximados em um movimento de compreensão do processo de reprodução da metrópole goianiense.
FORMAÇÃO PRETÉRITA DA PRODUÇÃO DA INFORMAÇÃO MIDIÁTICA DE UBERLÂNDIA-MG
Authors: De Almeida Ferreira Gustavo Henrique
Published: January 2017

Este trabalho tem a finalidade de discutir o processo de formação da produção da informação voltada à atividade midiática. A expansão e a consolidação dos agentes da produção da informação midiática no Triângulo Mineiro, especialmente em Uberlândia, vinculam-se ao processo convergente dos investimentos do Estado e empresas privadas, que atraiu capital para sustentar o desenvolvimento socioeconômico. Neste sentido, faremos uma breve discussão dos caminhos possíveis a uma periodização da mídia na cidade de Uberlândia, identificando as estratégias políticas e econômicas das empresas, bem como sua vinculação com o poder público. A partir das políticas de Estado, do deslocamento populacional e da integração do território (por meio das comunicações) emerge uma urbanização com aportes da técnica, da ciência e da informação. A pesquisa foi elaborada através de consulta a jornais e revistas da segunda metade do século XX, além de trabalhos acadêmicos elaborados no Instituto de História, da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Espera-se oferecer uma contribuição no sentido de identificar como a informação midiática se consolidou na cidade. Por sua vez, o artigo revela que diante das estratégias políticas da época, alguns agentes econômicos tiveram como meta transformar a cidade para que acolhesse vetores da modernidade.
Editorial v.34, n.1 (2016)
Authors: - UEM Boletim De Geografia
Published: January 2017

Editorial do volume 34, número 1, do ano de 2016.
HORTAS URBANAS DE MARINGÁ (PR): ESTUDO SOCIOECONÔMICO DOS PRODUTORES E PERCEPTIVO DOS TRANSEUNTES
Authors: Albertin Ricardo Massulo , Augusto Daniel Cirilo , Mubai Boaventura Almeida , De Angelis Bruno Luiz Domingos , Da Silva Márcia , Silva Frederico Fonseca , Angeoletto Fabio
Published: January 2017

A urbanização resulta numa gama diversificada de impactos sociais negativos, dentre eles a insegurança alimentar. Uma forma de minimizar ou compensar a ocorrência e a intensificação deste impacto seria a implementação da agricultura urbana e periurbana, na qual se enquadra as hortas urbanas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi diagnosticar os aspectos socioeconômicos dos produtores de hortaliças e identificar a percepção dos transeuntes do entorno das hortas urbanas, denominada de hortas comunitárias de Maringá (PR). Através da percepção existente entre os trabalhadores das hortas e aquelas pessoas do seu entorno, realizou-se um estudo socioeconômico da atuação destas hortas urbanas enquanto política pública de promoção à qualidade de vida. O estudo de caso foi realizado em cinco (05) hortas comunitárias localizadas na zona Norte da cidade de Maringá, Estado do Paraná. Os resultados demonstraram que no caso das hortas, as atividades envolvidas neste contexto, bem como a atuação do poder público, caracterizaram estas hortas como políticas públicas e não como mera política de governo. A evidência para explicar tal conjuntura, foram as respostas obtidas pelos transeuntes a partir da aplicação de questionários. Resultados destes questionários evidenciaram que a política pública de criação e consolidação das hortas urbanas em Maringá se caracterizou como uma maneira de promover a qualidade de vida. Verificou-se que o projeto de hortas comunitárias tem um expressivo valor socioeconômico e paisagístico, mas também, sentimental tanto para os produtores quanto para transeuntes. Os produtores optam pela diversidade de produção, consumo próprio e venda das hortaliças.
A PRODUÇÃO HABITACIONAL NO CONTEXTO DO PROGRAMA MINHA CASA MINHA VIDA NAS CIDADES DE LONDRINA/PR E MARINGÁ/PR
Authors: Amorim Wagner Vinicius
Published: January 2017

O artigo aborda a produção habitacional nas cidades de Londrina e Maringá no contexto do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida. Desenvolve uma síntese histórica da estruturação urbana das duas cidades, da produção imobiliária e da questão habitacional, culminando na discussão e problematização dos impactos territoriais desse programa, destacando seus principais desafios, limitações e enfrentamentos.
CONTRAPONTOS ENTRE O TRADICIONAL E O MODERNO NO RURAL
Authors: Da Silva Antonio Joaquim , Monteiro Maria do Socorro Lira , Barbosa Eriosvaldo Lima
Published: January 2017

A expansão do agronegócio, particularmente no Brasil, visando potencializar o capital através da produção agropecuária para abastecer os mercados doméstico e global, tem incremento uma modernização técnico/científica que põe em questão a continuidade da tradicionalidade do agricultor familiar. Nesse sentido, este artigo pretende refletir os contrapontos da hibridação cultural entre a agricultura familiar e o agronegócio, vendo-os como processos que buscam reconverter um patrimônio de conhecimentos e técnicas para reinseri-lo em novas condições de produção e mercado. Considerou-se, para efeito de discussão, a análise bibliográfica sobre as categorias modos de vida e hibridação cultural. Após a análise, conclui-se que as alterações provocadas pelo agronegócio, sobretudo nas paisagens, no simbolismo, no consumo, nas relações sociais de trabalho, na organização da produção e nas sociabilidades, não eliminaram os contextos históricos do agricultor familiar, em especial, a tradicionalidade camponesa, posto coexistir aos imperativos da mercantilização da agricultura.
Examining the Factors that Facilitate Athletic Training Faculty Socialization into Higher Education
Authors: Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Barrett Jessica L. , Nottingham Sara
Published: January 2017

Context: Doctoral education is the mechanism whereby athletic trainers can develop an awareness of their future roles and responsibilities in higher education. Evidence suggests that doctoral education may provide an incomplete understanding of these roles and responsibilities, warranting further investigation.

Objective: To gain a better understanding on how athletic training faculty members are socialized into their role.

Design: Qualitative study.

Setting: Higher education institutions.

Patients or Other Participants: Twenty-eight athletic training educators (14 men, 14 women) who had completed doctoral training. Participants' average age was 39 ± 6 years, with 11.6 ± 5.6 years of experience working in education.

Main Outcome Measure(s): One-on-one interviews were completed with all participants following a semistructured framework. Data saturation drove sampling. Inductive analysis was used to evaluate the data. Member checks, peer review, and researcher triangulation established rigor.

Results: The first theme, professional socialization, was defined by participants as those experiences in their doctoral training that provided role understanding. The second theme, organizational socialization, speaks to those experiences that occurred once the athletic training faculty member was employed full time in higher education. The category of mentorship was articulated, in both themes, as impactful in both professional preparations at the doctoral level and during the institutional socialization process once a novice faculty member is hired.

Conclusions: Doctoral education provides the platform for role understanding, which allows the athletic trainer to be prepared to transition into the faculty member role. Specifically, engagement in the role and mentoring provided this role awareness, which is common within the socialization framework. Institutions also offer formalized orientation sessions as a means to assimilate, and mentoring is also available for support.
An Exploratory Study of Athletic Training Student Communication
Authors: Carr W. David , Volberding Jennifer L. , Timson Ben
Published: January 2017

Context: Employers have reported that the ability to communicate is the greatest deficiency of new athletic training graduates. New graduates must be able to communicate effectively with a wide range of stakeholders to ensure the best health care of their patients. To date there have been no studies to determine which stakeholders the students are communicating with during clinical experiences.

Objective: To investigate the opportunity to communicate with various stakeholders by students during their clinical experiences.

Patients or Other Participants: Participants were 932 students (308 male, 624 female) from university athletic training programs.

Data Collection and Analysis: The study used an online survey instrument that allowed students to recall which stakeholders they had the opportunity to communicate with during the prior week of their clinical experiences. Basic descriptive statistics were calculated to describe the study sample and a χ2 contingency table analysis was used to determine significance. The dependent variables were stakeholders with whom they communicated (coach/clinic director, athlete/patient, parent, administrator, peer/colleague, and other health care professional) and the independent variables were demographics (sex, athletic affiliation of host institution, state/private affiliation of host institution, entry-level degree, year in program, clinical rotation setting, and athletic affiliation of clinical rotation).

Results: Year in program indicated a significant correlation with all of the dependent variables, with Cramer V ranging from 0.098 to 0.157. The highest significant correlation was found between clinical rotation setting and communication with parents (Cramer V = 0.418).

Conclusions: As one would expect, as students matriculate and gain higher levels of maturity, they report more opportunities to communicate. Similarly, students in multisport secondary schools or lower-level collegiate clinical experiences report more opportunities to communicate.
An unusual sigmoid phytobezoar in a patient with a transplanted kidney: A case report
Authors: Milillo Paola , Moffa Angelo Pio , Bertozzi Vincenzo , Vinci Roberta , Macarini Luca
Published: January 2017

Bezoars are masses formed by the concretion of stomach contents or debris within the gastrointestinal tract. Bezoars are rare and account for only 0.4–4% of all cases of gastrointestinal obstruction and mainly occur in the stomach or small intestine. Intestinal obstruction caused by colonic bezoars is extremely rare. A 39-year-old man with a transplanted kidney came to the hospital because of abdominal pain, constipation, and distension. We performed an abdominal computed tomography scan and found an ovoid intraluminal mass with a mottled gas pattern in the distal sigmoid colon. Subsequently, the patient underwent laparotomic surgery and removal of the bezoar. We report a rare case of large bowel obstruction due to colonic phytobezoar, which was confirmed intraoperatively.