bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrative conservation science: Conservation knowledge must be used to guide policies
Authors: Borzée Amaël , Button Sky
Published: July 2023

Biodiversity is declining at a record rate. Unfortunately, attitudes favoring nonadvocacy remain prevalent in conservation science. Despite our detailed knowledge of biodiversity losses, we, the conservation science community as a whole, are failing to reverse species declines, transforming us into mere accountants of extinction. Conservation scientists frequently miss the opportunity to utilize scientific knowledge for helping reverse species’ declines by not comprehensively or effectively engaging policymakers with conservation‐related recommendations. The lack of translation of conservation science into policies therefore represents a detrimental blind spot of conservation biologists. Perhaps older generations had an excuse to practice conservation science without advocating for specific conservation policies, but the urgency of ongoing drastic biodiversity losses make unengaged approaches unacceptable for modern conservation biologists and tantamount to an implicit acceptance of anthropogenic mass extinction.
Safety Outcomes of Impact Microindentation: A Prospective Observational Study in the Netherlands
Authors: Schoeb Manuela , Avci Telli M. , Winter Elizabeth M. , Appelman‐Dijkstra Natasha M.
Published: July 2023

Impact microindentation (IMI) is a technique to assess bone material properties of the cortical bone at the tibia in a transcutaneous, microinvasive, way. IMI is increasingly used in studies evaluating the contribution of tissue material properties to bone fragility in humans, and is approved for use in the clinic in Europe and the United States. Previous data show that IMI is well tolerated during and immediately after the procedure. The aim of this prospective observational study was to evaluate the longer‐term safety and acceptability of an IMI measurement using the handheld OsteoProbe device®. Included were patients who were scheduled for a measurement at the Leiden University Medical Center from September 2019 to December 2020 and willing to participate. Patients were asked to review the procedure right after the measurement, and by telephone interviews 1 week and 1 month thereafter. The primary outcome was the 30‐day complication rate after the measurement. Included were 106 patients (71 women) with a median age of 59 years (range, 20 to 86 years). Only three minor events were reported by 1‐week follow‐up, with an overall 30‐day event rate of 2.8%. These were a very small hematoma in two patients, and a small bruise in one patient, all of which resolved without medical intervention. No other safety‐related concerns were observed, and all 106 patients would undergo the measurement again if needed. The vast majority had no pain at baseline, 1‐week and 1‐month follow‐up (80.2%, 88.4% and 94.3%, respectively). In this first and large longitudinal study we demonstrated that although minimally‐invasive, IMI using the OsteoProbe® device at the tibia did not lead to any complications, and was well accepted by patients. Results strongly suggest that IMI can be safely used in studies as well as in the clinic in the hands of an experienced operator. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Health Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation: Lessons Learned From Randomized Controlled Trials and Mendelian Randomization Studies
Authors: Bouillon Roger , LeBoff Meryl S , Neale Rachel E
Published: July 2023

Vitamin D plays an important role in calcium homeostasis and many cellular processes. Although vitamin D supplements are widely recommended for community-dwelling adults, definitive data on whether these supplements benefit clinically important skeletal and extraskeletal outcomes have been conflicting. Although observational studies on effects of vitamin D on musculoskeletal and extraskeletal outcomes may be confounded by reverse causation, randomized controlled studies (RCTs) and Mendelian randomization (MR) studies can help to elucidate causation. In this review, we summarize the recent findings from large RCTs and/or MR studies of vitamin D on bone health and risk of fractures, falls, cancer, and cardiovascular disease, disorders of the immune system, multiple sclerosis, and mortality in community-dwelling adults. The primary analyses indicate that vitamin D supplementation does not decrease bone loss, fractures, falls, cancer incidence, hypertension, or cardiovascular risk in generally healthy populations. Large RCTs and meta-analyses suggest an effect of supplemental vitamin D on cancer mortality. The existence of extraskeletal benefits of vitamin D supplementations are best documented for the immune system especially in people with poor vitamin D status, autoimmune diseases, and multiple sclerosis. Accumulating evidence indicates that vitamin D may reduce all-cause mortality. These findings, in mostly vitamin D–replete populations, do not apply to older adults in residential communities or adults with vitamin D deficiency or osteoporosis. The focus of vitamin D supplementation should shift from widespread use in generally healthy populations to targeted vitamin D supplementation in select individuals, good nutritional approaches, and elimination of vitamin D deficiency globally. © 2023 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Editorial for “Alteration of White Matter Connectivity for MR‐Guided Focused Ultrasound in the Treatment of Essential Tremor”
Authors: Yeo Desmond Teck Beng
Published: July 2023

Level of Evidence

5

Technical Efficacy Stage

3
Discovery of ligustrazine and chalcone derivatives as novel viral nucleoprotein nuclear export inhibitors against influenza viruses
Authors: Li Ping , Ju Han , Zhang Ying , Achi Jazmin Galvan , Kang Dongwei , Zou Jinmi , Du Ruikun , Cui Qinghua , Liu Xinyong , Rong Lijun , Zhan Peng
Published: July 2023

Influenza viruses pose a significant threat to human health worldwide due to seasonal epidemics and occasional global pandemics. These viruses can cause severe upper respiratory tract infections that contribute to high morbidity and mortality rates. The emergence of drug‐resistant influenza viruses has created the need for the development of novel broad‐spectrum antivirals. Here, we present a novel anti‐influenza agent with new targets and mechanisms of action to address this problem. Our findings led to the discovery of a novel influenza virus inhibitor, a ligustrazine derivative known as A9. We have found that it exhibits broad‐spectrum antiviral properties against influenza A and B viruses (IAV and IBV, respectively), including oseltamivir‐resistant strain. Through multiple bioassays such as time‐of‐addition assay, indirect immunofluorescence assay, and nuclear‐cytoplasmic fractionation assay, we demonstrated that A9 inhibits the nuclear export of the viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP). Furthermore, escape mutant analyses and affinity studies determined by surface plasmon resonance indicated that A9 specifically targets the nucleoprotein. In addition, four chalcone derivatives developed from A9 (B14, B29, B31, and B32), were found to effectively inhibit the replication of influenza virus through the same mechanism of action. In this manuscript we highlight A9 and its four derivatives as potential leads for the treatment of IAV and IBV infections, and their unique and novel mechanism of action probable benefit the field of anti‐influenza drug discovery.
Neurosonographic Measurements of the Fetal Anterior Complex in Singleton Pregnancies
Authors: Kaewnin Jetsadaporn , Dulyaphat Wirada , Tongsong Theera , Lertrat Waranyu , Tangshewinsirikul Chayada
Published: July 2023

Objective

To construct reference ranges of the fetal cerebral anterior complex, including ventricular index (VI), anterior horn of lateral ventricle width (AW), and cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) width, as a function of gestational age (GA), in Thai fetuses.

Methods

Low‐risk pregnancies were recruited to measure fetal anterior complex on axial transventricular and coronal transcaudate planes using transabdominal ultrasound. The downside and upside hemisphere were defined as cerebral hemisphere located distal and proximal to the transducer, respectively. The five variables, downside/upside VI, downside/upside AW and CSP width, were measured from each fetus. Best‐fit models in predicting mean and standard deviation for each value as a function of GA were constructed, using regression analysis. Distributions of Z‐scores of all values based on GA were created to evaluate the fitness of models. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to assess inter‐/intraobserver variability.

Results

A total of 395 fetuses were measured for anterior complex. All parameters changed with GA with quadratic function. The models for predicting means and standard deviation of the five parameters as well as percentile charts were created. All models were proven well‐fitted. The intra‐/interobserver reliability coefficients of all values showed excellent agreement.

Conclusion

The reference ranges of the fetal anterior complex, including VI, AW, and CSP, in axial transventricular and coronal transcaudate planes have been established and available for clinical use.
D‐OCT‐assisted and histology‐controlled evaluation of 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser therapy of basal cell carcinomas
Authors: Palacio Ariana , Medrano Karla , Holmes Jon , Bierhoff Erhard , Reinhold Uwe
Published: July 2023

Background

Basal cell carcinomas (BCC) have classically been surgically removed. Alternative treatments for superficial BCC include local immunotherapy, topical chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy. Recent data suggest 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser as a new treatment for those lesions.

Dynamic optical coherence tomography (D‐OCT) is an established imaging procedure analysing BCC margins and its vascular plexus.

Objectives

Our goal is to further evaluate 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser therapy of BCC as a potential alternative treatment, employing D‐OCT and histopathology to standardise effective treatment protocols.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, 50 histologically confirmed superficial and nodular BCC with tumour thickness ≤1 mm were treated with 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser. Initial D‐OCT scans were performed and repeated for 3 months posttreatment. Tumoral clearance was histologically confirmed and local adverse effects, patient tolerability and satisfaction were recorded. Clinical remission was evaluated after 1 year.

Results

Complete clearance was achieved in 78% of BCC (39/50) at a 3‐month follow‐up. Treatment failures were slightly more likely to correspond to superficial BCC (91%, 10/11) of thickness ≤0.5 mm (73%, 8/11), located on the trunk (64%, 7/11). No treated lesions presented scarring. Patient satisfaction and tolerability displayed excellent results. Remission at 1 year occurred in 100% of initially cleared BCC (35/35, four patients were lost to follow‐up due to nonmedical reasons).

Conclusions

OCT‐assisted 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser treatment of superficial BCC is a safe and effective method with excellent patient satisfaction, tolerability, practicability and cosmetic end result.
High pressure, temperature, and solvent effect on the Diels–Alder cycloaddition reaction between thiobenzophenone and cyclopentadiene
Authors: Kornilov Dmitry A. , Kornilova Aliya A. , Shulyatiev Alexey A. , Anikin Oleg V. , Mustafin Akhat G.
Published: July 2023

The data on high hydrostatic pressure, temperature, and solvent influence on the Diels–Alder reaction rate of thiobenzophenone with cyclopentadiene have been obtained. Activation enthalpies, entropies, volumes, and reaction volumes in several solvents have been determined. The activation entropies and volumes of the Diels–Alder reaction of thiobenzophenone with cyclopentadiene are close to the corresponding activation parameters of Diels–Alder reactions involving dienophiles with C=C and N=N bonds. The rate of thiobenzophenone‐cyclopentadiene reaction did not increase with increasing solvent polarity, which is also characteristic of other Diels–Alder reactions. The reaction of thiobenzophenone with cyclopentadiene is characterized by an “anomalous” ratio of the activation volume to the reaction volume ∆V≠/∆Vr‐n > 1. This can be explained by the less steric hindrances of transition‐state molecules toward the solvent, compared with adduct molecules. The activities of a number of dienophiles with C=C, C=S, and N=N bonds have been compared, and the factors determining their reactivity in Diels–Alder reactions have been established.
Digitizing lake bathymetric data using ImageJ
Authors: Rounds Christopher I. , Vitense Kelsey , Hansen Gretchen J. A.
Published: July 2023

Lake morphometry is a driver of limnological processes, yet digitized bathymetry is lacking for most lakes. Here, we describe a method for efficiently extracting hypsography from bathymetric maps using ImageJ. To validate our method, we compared results generated from two independent users to those obtained from digital elevation models for 100 lakes. The mean absolute difference between hypsographic curves extracted using ImageJ vs. digital elevation models (DEMs) was 0.049 (95% CI 0.041–0.056) proportion of lake area, suggesting that ImageJ provides accurate hypsography. We calculated the mean absolute difference between the two users (0.016; 95% CI: 0.011–0.021), which suggests high interobserver reliability. Finally, we compared DEMs to an interpolated hypsography using only the maximum lake depth and found large differences. We apply this method to extract data for 1012 lakes. Our data and approach will be useful where bathymetric maps exist but are not digitized.
Expanding the mutational spectrum of ZTTK syndrome: A de novo variant with global developmental delay and malnutrition in a Chinese patient
Authors: Tang Shuo , You Jieyu , Liu Li , Ouyang Hongjuan , Jiang Na , Duan Jiaqi , Li Canlin , Luo Yanhong , Zhang Wenting , Zhan Meizheng , Liu Chenxi , Lyu Gui‐Zhen , Zhang Victor Wei , Zhao Hongmei
Published: July 2023

Background

Zhu‐Tokita‐Takenouchi‐Kim (ZTTK, OMIM 617140) syndrome is a severe multisystem developmental disorder characterized by intellectual disability, developmental delay, cortical malformations, epilepsy, visual problems, musculoskeletal abnormalities, and congenital malformations. ZTTK syndrome is caused by a heterozygous pathogenic variant of the SON gene (NM_138927) at chromosome 21q22.1. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pathogenesis of a 6‐month‐old Chinese child who exhibited global developmental delay, muscle weakness, malnutrition, weight loss, and strabismus, brain abnormality, immunological system abnormalities.

Methods

The little girl was tested for medical exome sequencing (MES) and mtDNA sequencing in trio. And, the mutation was validated by Sanger sequencing.

Results

A novel de novo frameshift variant, c.1845_1870del26 (p.G616Sfs*61), in the SON gene was found in the proband.

Conclusion

We described a 6‐month‐old Chinese child with global developmental delay caused by pathogenic de novo mutation c.1845_1870del26 (p.G616Sfs*61) in the SON. Apart from a founder mutation, we reviewed the phenotypic abnormalities and genotypes in 79 individuals. The data showed that global developmental delay is accompanied by other system disorders. Our findings expanded the mutational spectrum of ZTTK syndrome and provide genetic counseling of baby with global developmental delay.
Factors associated with maternal depressive symptoms up to 25 years after childbirth: A longitudinal prospective cohort study
Authors: Agnafors Sara , Sydsjö Gunilla , Widegren Wilma , Bladh Marie
Published: July 2023

Depression is one of the most common mental disorders among women and previous depression increases the risk for new episodes. Little is known about which factors are associated with maintained or recurrent depression in women, and studies with longer follow‐up time, 20 years or more, are scarce. Thus, the aim of the study was to identify factors associated with repeated self‐reports of depressive symptoms. The hypothesis was that factors such as young age at childbirth, divorce, unemployment, low social support, prior depression, or experience of stressful life events would increase the risk of repeatedly reporting depressive symptoms. The South East Sweden Birth Cohort study is a longitudinal, prospective cohort study. Out of the 1694 mothers enrolled at baseline, 649 participated in the 25‐year follow‐up. A total of 450 mothers participated in all three follow‐ups. The mothers reported symptoms of depression using validated instruments at 3 months (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale), 12 years (Hopkins Symptom Checklist 25 items), and 25 years postchildbirth (Patient Health Questionnaire). Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the odds ratios of having depressive symptoms, whereas multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate independent factors' association with the number of episodes with depressive symptoms. High life stress around pregnancy and childbirth and earlier depressive symptoms were associated with depressive symptoms at the 25‐year follow‐up. Similarly, high life stress around pregnancy and childbirth and the experience of divorce were associated with repeated self‐reports of depressive symptoms. Stressful life events are important predictors of depressive symptoms and repeated episodes of depressive symptoms from the postnatal period until 25 years later. Moreover, previous depressive symptoms increase the risk for subsequent episodes. The results further stress the importance of identifying mothers experiencing depressive symptoms postpartum to enable treatment and early intervention.
High‐Fat Diet Alters Acylcarnitine Metabolism of the Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium/Choroidal Tissues in Laser‐Induced Choroidal Neovascularization Rat Models
Authors: Wei Pinghui , He Meiqin , Wang Ying , Han Guoge
Published: July 2023

Scope

Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is age‐related macular degeneration's (AMD) main pathological change. High‐fat diet (HFD) is associated with a form of CNV; however, the specific mechanism is unclear. Mitochondrial dysfunction, characterized by abnormal acylcarnitine, occurs during metabolic screening of serum or other body tissues in AMD. This study investigates HFD's role in retinal and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/choroidal acylcarnitine metabolism in CNV formation.

Methods and results

Chow diet and HFD‐BN rats are laser‐treated to induce CNV. Acylcarnitine species are quantitatively characterized by ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Optical coherence tomography and fundus fluorescein angiography evaluate CNV severity. HFD promotes weight gain, dyslipidemia, and CNV formation. In CNV rats, few medium‐chain fatty acids (MCFAs) acylcarnitine in the RPE/choroid are initially affected. When an HFD is administered to these, even MCFA acylcarnitine in the RPE/choroid is found to decline. However, in the retina, odd acylcarnitines are increased, revealing “an opposite” change within the RPE/choroid, accompanied by influencing glycolytic key enzymes. The HFD+CNV group incorporated fewer long‐chain acylcarnitines, like C18:2, into the retina than controls.

Conclusions

HFD hastens choroidal neovascularization. The study comprehensively documented acylcarnitine profiles in a CNV rat model. Acylcarnitine's odd‐even and carbon‐chain length properties may guide future therapeutics.
The impact of fatigue on people with Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A survey
Authors: McToal Martina , McVeigh Rachel Christina , McVeigh Joseph G.
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a common pain syndrome associated with fatigue and anxiety. The aim of this survey was to determine the impact of fatigue on the quality of life (QoL) of people with FMS and to explore the relationships between fatigue, pain, and anxiety.

Methods

A postal survey was conducted among support groups. Demographic data were collected and participants were asked to complete the Multi‐dimensional Assessment of Fatigue Scale (MAF) and two visual analog scales (VAS) measuring pain and anxiety. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, and relationships between variables were explored using Pearson's correlation coefficient and Fisher's Exact Probability Test. Ethical approval was granted from Ulster University's research ethics committee.

Results

A response rate of 52.5% was achieved (105/200). Fatigue was found to severely impact the QoL of those with FMS. From the MAF, a mean Global Fatigue Index score of 40.7 (range 1 = no fatigue—50 = severe fatigue) was calculated. Fatigue was significantly associated with both pain (r = 0.674) and anxiety (r = 0.546) (both p values < 0.0001), and no significant relationship was found between the duration of FMS and fatigue (r = 0.106; p = 0.320).

Conclusion

Fatigue has a major impact on the QoL of patients with FMS. There is a strong relationship between fatigue and other variables such as pain and anxiety. However, there is no relationship between the time since diagnosis and fatigue experienced. Fatigue management should feature highly in any treatment programme for those with FMS.
Laboratory and field evaluation of a new light-emitting-diode-lit quatrefoil light trap for sampling fish early life stages
Authors: Adams Catherine M. , Jones M. Tildon , Hatch Robert , Bestgen Kevin R.
Published: July 2023

Objective

Create and test the effectiveness of a new light-emitting-diode (LED) light trap for sampling early life stages of fishes in relation to a chemical light stick (CL) lit light trap.

Methods

Laboratory experiments compared light intensity of the LED and CL light sources and LED- and CL-lit light trap capture and retention probabilities of Razorback Sucker Xyrauchen texanus and Fathead Minnow Pimephales promelas. Field experiments compared LED- and CL-lit light trap captures of all fishes and Razorback Sucker larvae in both paired and unpaired analysis.

Result

The LED light source had a greater and more stable light intensity over time than the CL light source, and LED-lit traps had similar capture and retention probabilities in laboratory experiments. However, in field experiments LED-lit traps captured more fish and Razorback Sucker than CL-lit traps.

Conclusion

LED-lit light traps are as or more effective at sampling early life stages of fishes compared to CL-lit light traps. Biologists should consider adopting this innovative design to increase sampling effectiveness while eliminating light stick waste.
Responsibilities to the story, campaign(er), and profession: Exploring important considerations shaping Canadian print journalists' coverage of medical crowdfunding campaigns
Authors: Vassell Anika , Crooks Valorie A. , Snyder Jeremy
Published: July 2023

Medical crowdfunding is growing in popularity in a number of countries, including Canada. In the crowdfunding context people write and share their own stories. This activity also intersects with conventional news media practices when journalists prepare stories about these campaigns. This intersection raises the question of what are print journalists' responsibilities towards covering human interest stories based on medical crowdfunding campaigns? In this qualitative analysis we explore this question through reporting on interviews conducted with 14 Canadian news media professionals. After transcript review, emergent themes were compared and contrasted across investigators to reach confirmation on the scope and scale of emergent themes. These themes were then contrasted against the existing literature and our research goals to aid in interpreting their significance. Thematic analysis of the interviews identified three key domains of responsibility for journalists, which are: to the story, to the campaign and campaigner, and to their profession.
Optimal tracking control for discrete‐time modal persistent dwell time switched systems based on Q‐learning
Authors: Zhang Xuewen , Wang Yun , Xia Jianwei , Li Feng , Shen Hao
Published: July 2023

Based on the Q‐learning, this paper investigates the tracking problem for linear discrete‐time modal persistent dwell time switched systems. The modal persistent dwell time switching rule is introduced to coordinate the switching conditions of each switching subsystems. Moreover, two algorithms are given to realize the optimization of switched systems. Then, the stability and convergence are proved. Finally, a numerical simulation example and a practical example with an electro‐hydraulic system are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Monitoring mAb proteoforms in mouse plasma using an automated immunocapture combined with top‐down and middle‐down mass spectrometry
Authors: Dhenin Jonathan , Lafont Valérie , Dupré Mathieu , Krick Alain , Mauriac Christine , Chamot‐Rooke Julia
Published: July 2023

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have established themselves as the leading biopharmaceutical therapeutic modality. Once the developability of a mAb drug candidate has been assessed, an important step is to check its in vivo stability through pharmacokinetics (PK) studies. The gold standard is ligand‐binding assay (LBA) and liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) performed at the peptide level (bottom‐up approach). However, these analytical techniques do not allow to address the different mAb proteoforms that can arise from biotransformation. In recent years, top‐down and middle‐down mass spectrometry approaches have gained popularity to characterize proteins at the proteoform level but are not yet widely used for PK studies. We propose here a workflow based on an automated immunocapture followed by top‐down and middle‐down liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) approaches to characterize mAb proteoforms spiked in mouse plasma. We demonstrate the applicability of our workflow on a large concentration range using pembrolizumab as a model. We also compare the performance of two state‐of‐the‐art Orbitrap platforms (Tribrid Eclipse and Exploris 480) for these studies. The added value of our workflow for an accurate and sensitive characterization of mAb proteoforms in mouse plasma is highlighted.
Parasitoids of the cabbage seed weevil deliver high and consistent parasitism in variable landscapes: A showcase of conservation biocontrol
Authors: Langer Vibeke , Jensen Signe Marie
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

Insect pest resistance to insecticides and societal pressure to reduce pesticide load has increased oilseed rape (OSR) farmers' motivation to protect and exploit parasitoids for pest control. However, parasitoid presence and parasitism must be made visible to influence farmers' spraying decisions. Parasitism of cabbage seed weevil (CSW) (Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham)) reduces damage to OSR immediately, making them a good case for demonstrating conservation biocontrol to farmers. We assessed the occurrence and activity of CSW parasitoids in 84 OSR fields over 2 years and identified the impact of associated local landscape factors.

RESULTS

Mean cabbage seed weevil infestation rates were 11% and 10% in 2020 and 2021, and parasitism rates were high in both years (75% and 74%, respectively). Temporal and spatial dynamics of OSR in the landscape surrounding the focal fields were important for both CSW and parasitoid numbers, suggesting a dilution effect for increasing OSR area since the previous year. A multimodel inference analysis showed that OSR‐related factors were important predictors for both the infestation rate of CSW and the number of parasitoids. For parasitoids, protected nature areas and hedgerows were important. Parasitism rates were high and largely unaffected by landscape factors.

CONCLUSION

CSW and its parasitoids respond similarly to interannual changes in the OSR resource; in addition, parasitoids benefit from uncropped areas in the surrounding landscape. The complexity of the pest and parasitoid response to landscape factors limits the prospect of designing landscapes for improved pest control by the parasitoids. Parasitoids of CSW may be present as local populations in agricultural landscapes with the potential for consistent and substantial parasitism. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Watershed‐scale mapping of on‐site sanitation‐related environmental issue zones—Case study of Lys River (France and Belgium)
Authors: Fouché‐Grobla Olivier , Arondel Julie , Frot Elisabeth , Nasri Behzad
Published: July 2023

In application of the European Water Framework Directive, the water development and management plan, Schéma d'aménagement et de gestion des eaux (Sage) for the Lys (Lily) watershed area sets out general objectives for the use, development, and quantitative and qualitative protection of water resources and aquatic environments. The Lys Sage issues include the pollution of aquatic media and a provision for reducing the impact of discharges from on‐site sanitation devices. The prioritization of public authority action on on‐site sanitation requires the definition and identification of zones with environmental issues. The objective is to identify priority areas for the rehabilitation of noncompliant on‐site sanitation devices in case of a proven risk of pollution. These zones have been identified and mapped following the development and application of a methodology based on current regulations, feedback, and an innovative approach. It is based on the risk assessment of on‐site sanitation. To do this, a hazard (source hydraulic flow) was crossed with the vulnerability of the environment (target flow impact on stream quality). In addition to vulnerability assessed by the chemical quality of watercourses, the concept of zones of ecological interest was introduced.
Sustainable resource recovery and process improvement in anaerobic digesters using hydrochar: A circular bio‐economic perspective
Authors: Oumabady Sadish , Ramasamy Sangeetha P. , Paul Sebastian S. , Rajagopal Rajinikanth , Obulisamy Parthiba K. , Doherty Rory , Nanukuttan Sree , Bhardwaj Satish K. , Kumaresan Deepak
Published: July 2023

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a promising technology for waste valorisation and nutrient recovery to achieve sustainability. HTC converts organic waste into hydrochar, a carbon‐rich solid with numerous surface functionalities that can be used for energy and wastewater treatment. In this review, we highlight the potential of hydrochar‐based technology for improving the performance of anaerobic digestion (AD) systems and downstream applications of nutrient‐laden hydrochar. We identify knowledge gaps in hydrochar production, performance in AD systems and nutrient recovery, including the need for larger‐scale production facilities, multielement adsorption studies, and computational modelling. Techno‐economic analysis and life cycle assessment of hydrochar applications are critical to evaluating the commercial viability of this technology. Overall, hydrochar‐based technology offers a sustainable solution for waste management and resource recovery, with potential socioeconomic benefits for developing economies. The deployment of hydrochar‐based technology will directly address key issues highlighted in the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals such as Clean water and sanitation (SDG 6); Zero hunger (SDG 2); and Climate action (SDG 13) thereby contributing to a more sustainable future.
The effect of metal oxide coating of urea on mineralization in two contrasting soils
Authors: Arachchige Viran Kathri , McBeath Therese M. , Smernik Ronald J. , Hettiarachchi Ganga M. , Khalil Roya
Published: July 2023

Urease inhibitors are used to delay the conversion of N supplied to soil as urea to better match the mineral N supply to crop demand. Using soil in petri dishes, we compared the spatial and temporal mineral N dynamics close to the site of urea addition for two soils of contrasting texture—sandy soil (2% clay) and clay soil (51% clay)—treated with N fertilizer products that had the potential to inhibit urease. The treatments included trace metal oxide coatings (ZnO, NiO, and CuO) of granular urea fertilizer,N‐(n‐butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT; a commercial urease inhibitor) coated urea and uncoated urea. In the sandy soil, NBPT inhibited urea hydrolysis, whereas the metal oxide–coated urea had little effect. Unlike in the sandy soil, the most striking result for the clay soil was the “disappearance” of mineral N in the latter part of the incubation. However, a delay in the disappearance of mineral N, hence a higher recovery, for the NBPT‐urea and CuO‐urea was observed at day 14 in the clay soil presumably due to the slower hydrolysis of urea compared to other treatments. Overall, the study of both spatial and temporal mineral N dynamics in soils supplied with urea fertilizers suggests that CuO‐coated urea could have properties that delay the hydrolysis of urea in certain soils. Given the strongly contrasting outcomes for the two soils, further experiments with soils that span the range of texture between these two extremes are warranted.
A Quenched Fluorescence‐based Assay for Selective Detection of Nitroaromatic Compounds using Pyrene‐Appended Oxacalix[4]arene Host
Authors: Desai Vishv , Vora Manoj , Modi Krunal , Koley Seth Banabithi , Panjwani Falak , Verma Ashu , Patel Nihal , Patel Chirag , Jain Vinod Kumar
Published: July 2023

A novel pyrene appended supramolecular assembly (PAOC) has been fabricated by reacting intermediate‐pyren‐1‐ylmethyl 2‐chloroacetate (PMCA) with oxacalix[4]arene and characterized by 1H NMR, 13 C NMR and ESI‐Mass. PAOC works as fluorescent chemosensor for the selective detection of nitroaromatic compounds such as 4‐nitrophenol (4NP) and 2,4,6‐trinitrophenol (TNP). The binding mechanism between PAOC and the analytes were investigated through various spectroscopic techniques, and the results indicate a strong interaction between the two. The fluorescence intensity of PAOC is quenched upon interaction with nitroaromatic compounds due to a photoinduced electron transfer process, which was validated by DFT calculations. The sensor exhibits excellent selectivity and sensitivity towards TNP over other nitroaromatic compounds. The detection limits for TNP and 4NP were found to be 1.6 μM and 1.9 μM, respectively. PAOC's detection results in real water samples are remarkable. This study provides a new approach to develop highly selective and sensitive chemosensor for the detection of nitroaromatic compounds, which have significant environmental and health hazards.
Shape‐Configurable Mesh for Hernia Repair by Synchronizing Anisotropic Body Motion
Authors: Ha Hyunsu , Lee Chan Hee , Lee Kang Suk , Lee Kyubae , Park Jeongeun , Kim Si Yeong , Baek Sewoom , Kang Mi‐Lan , Lee Dong Won , Sung Hak‐Joon
Published: July 2023

Continuous progress has been made in elucidating the relationship between material property, device design, and body function to develop surgical meshes. However, an unmet need still exists wherein the surgical mesh can handle the body motion and thereby promote the repair process. Here, the hernia mesh design and the advanced polymer properties are tailored to synchronize with the anisotropic abdominal motion through shape configuration. The thermomechanical property of shape configurable polymer enables molding of mesh shape to fit onto the abdominal structure upon temperature shift, followed by shape fixing with the release of the heat energy. The microstructural design of mesh is produced through finite element modeling to handle the abdominal motion efficiently through the anisotropic longitudinal and transverse directions. The design effects are validated through in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo mechanical analyses using a self‐configurable, body motion responsive (BMR) mesh. The regenerative function of BMR mesh leads to effective repair in a rat hernioplasty model by effectively handling the anisotropic abdomen motion. Subsequently, the device‐tissue integration is promoted by promoting healthy collagen synthesis with fibroblast‐to‐myofibroblast differentiation. This study suggests a potential solution to promote hernia repair by fine‐tuning the relationship between material property and mesh design.
Photoresponsive Zinc‐Based Batteries
Authors: Lin Xiaofeng , Liu Zilong , Wang Xiaotong , Li Ping , Yu Dingshan
Published: July 2023

Photoresponsive batteries are an innovative technology that combines conversion and storage of solar energy, providing a potential solution for large‐scale utilization of solar energy while reducing the reliance on traditional energy storage devices to meet the growing demand for energy. In search of more resource‐saving alternatives to lithium‐ion batteries, researchers are turning to zinc, which is abundant and environmentally friendly due to its recyclability. Zinc batteries offer high energy density and aqueous stability, making them a popular choice among researchers. This review summarizes the recent progress in photoresponsive zinc‐based batteries. First, the photoresponsive zinc‐based batteries are categorized into two groups: photoresponsive zinc‐ion batteries and photoresponsive zinc–air batteries. The discussion then focuses on various photoelectrode designs, including some interesting strategies. Finally, the technical challenges associated with photoresponsive zinc‐based batteries are summarized and discussed, and future research directions are proposed.
High‐performance metallic materials for applications in infrastructure and energy sectors
Authors: Afshan Sheida , Li Weiran , Wang Zhenzhou , Bailey Wendell , Wang Yikun
Published: July 2023

High performance steels, such as stainless steels, have many desirable characteristics that warrant their use in various sectors, including infrastructure and energy applications. This paper is concerned with two of such applications: (i) the use of stainless steel for large‐scale liquid hydrogen storage tanks, which is a requirement for the future hydrogen energy network, and (ii) the use of stainless steel in steel‐framed buildings to enhance their robustness under extreme loading conditions. The paper begins with a discussion of the technical challenges associated with the material behaviour of stainless steel storage tanks under extreme temperature and pressure conditions. It presents and discusses the results of a pilot experimental programme that investigates the mechanical behaviour of stainless steel 304 L material under cryogenic 20 k hydrogen environment. Next, to demonstrate the benefits of the strategic use of stainless steel in the key connection parts of steel‐framed structures, the paper presents the setup for a new test programme that investigates the behaviour of stainless steel beam‐to‐column connections, using A4‐70 bolts and EN1.4301 plates, under a column removal scenario. The numerical modelling prediction results of the specimens are presented, and comparisons with carbon steel counterparts are made and discussed.
Copper‐Catalyzed Aromatic Trifluoromethylation and the Related Transformations
Authors: Amii Hideki
Published: July 2023

Trifluoromethylated aromatic compounds (Ar−CF3) are the substances of considerable interest in various industrial fields. The high lipophilicity, strong electron‐withdrawing ability, and characteristic size of trifluoromethyl group are key influences in biologically active molecules. Due to these attractive properties, the benzotrifluoride structural motifs have been widely employed in the design of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes, liquid crystals, and polymers. Therefore, the development of highly efficient methodologies for aromatic trifluoromethylation is of significant importance for wide fields of science and technology. Recently, a great deal of attention has been paid to catalytic protocols to introduce fluoroalkyl groups into aromatic rings selectively. This personal account highlights the copper‐mediated aromatic trifluoromethylation and the related transformations developed by our research group.
Population structure and genetic diversity of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) using microsatellite markers from selected water bodies in southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Ahmed Seid Mohammed , Hordofa Bikila , Meressa Beira Hailu , Tamiru Metekia
Published: July 2023

Background

The Ethiopian southwest drainage has been designated a huge potential for fishery and aquaculture development. However, the genetic diversity of Nile tilapia along the main water bodies has yet to be uncovered. Therefore, this study used microsatellite markers to assess the genetic structure and diversity of Nile cichlid (Oreochromis niloticus) populations.

Methods

One hundred and sixty‐seven fish were collected from Alwero Dam, Baro River, Gilgel Gibe I Dam and Gojeb River southwest of Ethiopia. Genomic DNA was extracted from 40 tissue samples using a Qiagen DNA tissue extraction kit and genetic polymorphism was estimated using GenAlEx6.502 software.

Results

The result showed that four loci were polymorphic and produced 3–6 alleles per locus, while the number of effective alleles (Ne) and the number of distinct alleles (Na) were 1.370 and 2.063, respectively. Observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) were expanded between 0.100.50 and 0.115–0.265, respectively. Baro River population revealed the highest mean expected heterozygosity of 0.265, whereas the lowest expected mean heterozygosity of 0.115 was from the Alwero Dam. The genetic differentiation between populations (FST) resulted in a moderate to a very high degree of divergence between the populations. The Alwero Dam and Gojeb River populations were the most divergent populations (FST = 0.524), unlike those from the Alwero Dam and Baro River. The genetic variation among individuals within populations was 69%, whereas 31% appeared among populations and no variation within individuals to the overall variance.

Conclusion

This study confirmed the presence of significant genetic variations and differentiation among populations except between Gilgel Gibe I Dam and Gojeb River. This study highlights the genetic structure and differentiation amongst wild Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) populations in south‐western Ethiopia and paves the way for selective aquaculture breeding programs in the study area.
“Not what we signed up for”: Nurse shortages, physician scarcity, and time for collective bargaining?
Authors: Mayes Rick , Muir K. Jane , Pingali Hema
Published: July 2023

The amount of distress and disengagement among many nurses and physicians has reached concerning levels in recent years. The result has been acute nurse shortages, significant increases in travel nursing, more physicians working fewer hours and retiring early, and urgent calls for change and reform. This analysis surveys many of the leading systemic contributors to nurse and physician demoralization. As the healthcare sector continues to experience more consolidation and increased investment by private equity and other corporate interests, physicians are increasingly becoming employees with similar forms of employment arrangements and pressures that nurses have had for decades. They are also becoming employees of the same larger health systems, hospitals, and corporate employers. These trends are leading to a convergence in the kind and intensity of pressures and problems that nurses and physicians face. As more medical residents and fellows increasingly turn to unionization and as growing numbers of nurses have gone on strike, both professions should consider the potential benefits of joining forces for the purposes of maintaining the autonomy they have left and to push for better conditions both for themselves and the patients for whom they care.
Proteostasis regulation through ribosome quality control and no‐go‐decay
Authors: Alagar Boopathy Lokha Ranjani , Beadle Emma , Garcia‐Bueno Rico Aitana , Vera Maria
Published: July 2023

Cell functionality relies on the existing pool of proteins and their folding into functional conformations. This is achieved through the regulation of protein synthesis, which requires error‐free mRNAs and ribosomes. Ribosomes are quality control hubs for mRNAs and proteins. Problems during translation elongation slow down the decoding rate, leading to ribosome halting and the eventual collision with the next ribosome. Collided ribosomes form a specific disome structure recognized and solved by ribosome quality control (RQC) mechanisms. RQC pathways orchestrate the degradation of the problematic mRNA by no‐go decay and the truncated nascent peptide, the repression of translation initiation, and the recycling of the stalled ribosomes. All these events maintain protein homeostasis and return valuable ribosomes to translation. As such, cell homeostasis and function are maintained at the mRNA level by preventing the production of aberrant or unnecessary proteins. It is becoming evident that the crosstalk between RQC and the protein homeostasis network is vital for cell function, as the absence of RQC components leads to the activation of stress response and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review the molecular events of RQC discovered through well‐designed stalling reporters. Given the impact of RQC in proteostasis, we discuss the relevance of identifying endogenous mRNA regulated by RQC and their preservation in stress conditions.

This article is categorized under:

RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Turnover/Surveillance Mechanisms

Translation > Regulation
Prostate Cancer Detection Using a Transformer-Based Architecture and Radiomic-Based Postprocessing
Authors: Mitura Jakub , Jóźwiak Rafał , Mykhalevych Ihor , Gorbenko Iryna , Sobecki Piotr , Lorenc Tomasz , Tupikowski Krzysztof
Published: July 2023

The detection of prostate cancer is an important challenge for medical personnel. To improve the medical system’s ability to process increasing numbers of oncological patients, demand for automation systems is growing. At the National Information Processing Institute, such systems are undergoing active development. In this work, the authors present the results of a pilot study whose goal is to analyze possible directions in the development of new, advanced deep learning systems using a high quality dataset that is currently in development.
“NAO Says”: Designing and Evaluating Multimodal Playful Interactions with the Humanoid Robot NAO
Authors: Buchem Ilona , Brömmling Lukas , Bäcker Niklas
Published: July 2023

NAO is a small humanoid robot which affords multimodal interaction through speech, non-verbal sounds, visual pattern recognition, gestures and touch. NAO can be animated to move its head, arms, legs in space and to manifest emotional reactions through dialogue, sounds, body movements and light effects. This paper reports on the design, implementation, play-testing and evaluation of a multimodal, playful interaction with NAO in two pre-studies and one pilot study with altogether 209 participants of all age groups. The application “NAO says” was designed based on the popular imitation game “Simon says”, in which three or more players follow the command “Simon says”. In “NAO says” the robot plays the role of Simon and asks the players to play a series of mini-games by imitating body movements and solving simple mathematical riddles. The design of “NAO says” focuses on creating an experience of a less constrained, playful interaction rather than following strict rules of the game. The paper describes the design of the game, the implementation in pilot studies and the results from three evaluations which investigated the perceptions of NAO as a game leader, and perceived psychological stress before and after the playful interaction with the robot. The results indicate that the robot was perceived as a friendly, joyful and pleasant interaction partner and that perceived stress was lower after playing the game.