bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variant of Dermoscopy and Histopathological Features of
Seborrheic Keratoses in 66 Years-Old Male: A Case Report
Authors: Yossy Vesri , Asri Ennesta
Published: December 2020

Seborrheic keratosis (SK) is one the most common skin tumour to be misdiagnosed
clinically as melanoma. Seborrheic keratosis may grow rapidly, the incidence of this benign
epithelial proliferation is increasing with age and exposure to UV light; it can recurrence.
Dermoscopy can be a preliminary examination of suspected malignancy and noninvasive tool
useful for the early recognition of pigmented skin tumours, especially SK as it helps in
differentiating with other disease, because it can look like a wart, pre-cancerous skin growth, or
skin cancer.A case of a seborhheic keratoses in 66 years-old male was reported. He
complained there were reappeared brown blackish spots that multiple on face, neck and trunk
that are increase in number and size since 1 years ago that felt itchy sometimes. Dermatological
examination showed multiple brown blackish papules, brown blackish plaques and papules skin
colour on face, neck and trunk were noticed. On dermoscopy showed sharped borders and
numerous comedo-like, cerebriform pattern, linear hypopigmented ridges andglobular pattern
opening on face and trunk. On histopathological examination showed the epithelium was
placed hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, acanthosis and appeared ‘horn cysts’ on epidermis.
Diagnosis in this case was made from a complete history and physical examination,
dermoscopy and histopathology examination. This patient was treatment with elecrodessication
and curretage serial.
The Sensor Hub for Detecting the Developmental Characteristics in Reading in Children on a White vs. Coloured Background/Coloured Overlays
Authors: Jakovljević Tamara , Janković Milica , Savić Andrej , Soldatović Ivan , Todorovic Petar , Jere Jakulin Tadeja , Papa Gregor , Ković Vanja
Published: December 2020

The study investigated the influence of white vs 12 background and overlay colours on the reading process in school age children. Previous research reported that colours could affect reading skills as an important factor of the emotional and physiological state of the body. The aim of the study was to assess developmental differences between second and third grade students of elementary school and to evaluate differences in electroencephalography (EEG), ocular, electrodermal activities (EDA) and heart rate variability (HRV). Our findings showed a decreasing trend with age regarding EEG power bands (Alpha, Beta, Delta, Theta) and lower scores of reading duration and eye-tracking measures in younger children compared to older children. As shown in the results, HRV parameters showed higher scores in 12 background and overlay colours among second than third grade students which is linearly correlated to the level of stress and readable from EDA measures as well. The existing study showed the calming effect on second graders in turquoise and blue background colours. Considering other colours separately for each parameter, we assumed that there are no systematic differences in Reading duration, EEG power band, Eye-tracking and EDA measures.
Strategy Development of Information Technology–Related Services Using Tows Matrix Analysis: A Case of Neust San Isidro Campus
Authors: Navarro Emmanuel C. , Mina Jennilyn C. , Campos, Jr. Romeo B.
Published: December 2020

This study presents an in–depth analysis and strategic planning techniques for approaching a situation or achieving progress related to information technology services of Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology, particularly the San Isidro Campus. As an educational organization and one in the region excellence providers in education, the University has so much vital information to manage and services to offer to provide the student's needs through the Management Information System department, application of IT services as a competing instrument to combat tedious tasks such as online admission, grade release, enrollment information, and online learning, university announcement, and possible students’ internship. The objective of this study is to determine the influence of information technology in day–to–day activities of the organization and strategy applied to streamline processes more conveniently. The researchers develop a conceptual model that would analyze the IT services' impact by identifying its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats and cleverly act on it using the TOWS Matrix in generating strategic decisions. The overall results were beneficial to the University and MIS as a basis for formulating competitive strategies and integrating it in an extended development plan.
Gross Ways to Live Long: Parasitic Worms as an Anti-Inflammaging Therapy?
Authors: Zhang Bruce , Gems David
Published: December 2020

Evolutionary medicine argues that disease can arise because modern conditions do not match those in which we evolved. For example, a decline in exposure to commensal microbes and gastrointestinal helminths in developed countries has been linked to increased prevalence of allergic and autoimmune inflammatory disorders (the hygiene hypothesis). Accordingly, microbial and helminthic probiotic therapies have been explored as Darwinian treatments for these disorders. A further possibility is that loss of old friend commensals also increases the sterile, aging-associated inflammation known as inflammaging, that contributes to a range of age-related diseases, including cardiovascular disease, dementia and cancer. Interestingly, Crowe et al. (2020) recently reported that treatment with a secreted glycoprotein from a parasitic nematode can protect against murine aging by induction of anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Here, we explore the hypothesis that restorative helminth therapy would have anti-inflammaging effects. Could worm infections provide broad-spectrum protection against age-related disease?
Pengaruh iradiasi Gamma terhadap kandungan nutrien, fenol dan aktivitas biologis tanin daun nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus)
Authors: Wahyono Teguh , Maharani Yunida , Ansori Dedi , Hardani Shintia Nugrahini Wahyu , Hermanto Sandra , Sasongko Wahidin Teguh , Faiqoh Faiz Nur
Published: December 2020

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh iradiasi gamma terhadap kandungan nutrien, fenol dan aktivitas biologis tanin daun nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus). Aktivitas biologis yang dimaksud adalah kemampuan tanin dalam mengikat protein yang terkandung dalam substrat pakan.

Metode: Perlakuan penelitian adalah: DN (daun nangka tanpa iradiasi gamma); DN 5 (daun nangka yang diiradiasi gamma pada dosis 5 kGy); DN 7,5 (daun nangka yang diiradiasi gamma pada dosis 7,5 kGy) dan DN 10 (daun nangka yang diiradiasi gamma pada dosis 10 kGy). Variabel yang diamati adalah profil nutrien, fraksi serat, anti nutrien dan aktivitas biologis tanin. Pada pengujian aktivitas biologis tanin, keempat perlakuan ditambahkan polietilen glikol (PEG) sebagai agen inaktivasi tanin. Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan lima ulangan digunakan dalam penelitian ini.

Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa iradiasi gamma tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap kandungan bahan organik (BO), protein kasar (PK), acid detergent fiber (ADF), total phenol dan total tanin pada daun nangka. Iradiasi gamma justru menurunkan aktivitas biologis tanin yang direpresentasikan oleh produksi gas kumulatif in vitro. Walaupun demikian, dosis iradiasi gamma 5; 7,5 dan 10 kGy mampu menurunkan kandungan lemak kasar (LK) daun nangka berturut-turut sebesar 57,82; 83,64 dan 97,09% dari kandungan awal.
Kesimpulan: Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah Aktivitas biologis tanin pada daun nangka menurun setelah diiradiasi gamma pada dosis > 5 kGy. Dosis iradiasi gamma 7,5 kGy mampu meningkatkan produksi gas komulatif dan kecernaan bahan organik in vitro daun nangka.
Comparison of the reproductive performance of the Kacang goats on three synchronization methods
Authors: Yendraliza Yendraliza , Febriyanti Rahmi , Rodiallah Muhamad
Published: December 2020

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different methods synchronized on the reproductive performance of the Kacang Goats, estrus response, pregnancy rate, kidding rate, twins and litter size.

Methods: Forty-five dam of Kacang goats were divided into three groups (n= 15); 1) goats were injected 1 ml PGF2α (LutalyseTM) on day 1st and after days 11nd. 2) goats have injected 1 ml of GnRH (FertagylTM) on day 1st and the 7th day was injected 1 ml of PGF2α. 3) goats have received 1 ml progesterone (Progesterone-C) on the first day and the 7th day was injected with 1 ml PGF2α. Estrus observations were made on the 12th day for the first group, 8th day for the second group and 8th day for the third group. This data analyzed with a t-test. The effects were considered to be significant when the level of probability was less than 5%.

Results: The results showed that visualization estrus (goods), the percentage of estrus (100%), the onset of estrus (51.6 h- 52.6 h), the percentage of pregnancy (100%), birth percentage of kids (100%) Kacang goats better on the use of double PGF2α and a combination of GnRH and PGF2α than the use combination progesterone with PGF2α but the duration of estrus, twins and the kidding rate no difference between treatments.

Conclusions: Synchronization method using a combination of GnRH with PGF2α and double PGF2α produces estrus responses, pregnancy rate and birth rates that are higher than the combination Progesterone with PGF2α synchronization method.
Identifikasi potensi wilayah Kabupaten Nganjuk sebagai sentra pengembangan produksi sapi potong
Authors: Febrianto Nanang , Putritamara Jaisy Aghniarahim , Satria Awang Tri
Published: December 2020

Tujuan: Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi wilayah Kabupaten Nganjuk dalam usaha peternakan sapi potong.

Metode: Pemilihan lokasi penelitian dengan menggunakan teknik purposive. Penelitian menggunakan metode survey. Data penelitian terdiri dari data primer dan sekunder. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif.

Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa wilayah Kabupaten Nganjuk berada didataran rendah dengan ketinggian antara 46-96 meter di atas permukaan laut (mdpl) dan berada di pegunungan dengan ketinggian 150-750 mdpl. Temperatur di dataran rendah berkisar antara 23-33C dengan kelembapan udara 75-78%, di wilayah pegunungan suhu udara berkisar antara 20-30C dengan kelembapan 80%. Produksi pakan ternak asal limbah pertanian dan perkebunan sebesar 572.594,94 ton/tahun dengan kandungan BK sebesar 276.926,99 Ton. Pemanfaatan lahan kritis yang ditanami hijauan makanan ternak sebesar 913.000 ton/tahun. Kepadatan ternak sapi potong sebesar 1,64 LU/ha.

Kesimpulan: Kesimpulan penelitian Kabupaten Nganjuk merupakan wilayah potensial untuk pengembangan sapi potong dilihat dari potensi agroklimat, potensi sumber daya pakan dan potensi lahan.
Mitigasi risiko kesejahteraan hewan, kehalalan, dan keamanan rantai pasok industri daging ayam broiler skala menengah
Authors: Noerdyah Pramitha Surya , Astuti Retno , Sucipto Sucipto
Published: December 2020

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi risiko dan agen risiko, serta memberikan rekomendasi mitigasi untuk mencegah agen risiko penyebab risiko yang berpotensi dengan mempertimbangkan kesejahteraan hewan, kehalalan, dan keamanan pada rantai pasok daging ayam broiler skala menengah di Kota Malang.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode House of Risk (HOR) 2 fase, yaitu HOR fase 1 (HOR-1) dan HOR fase 2 (HOR-2). Identifikasi risiko, agen risiko, dan penentuan Aggregate Risk Potential (ARP) dilakukan pada HOR-1. HOR-2 digunakan untuk menentukan prioritas mitigasi risiko yang paling efektif dengan mempertimbangkan sumber daya. Seluruh penilaian dilakukan oleh responden ahli, yaitu pemilik RPA dan pengecer daging ayam broiler.

Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 38 kejadian risiko dan 27 agen risiko kesejahteraan hewan, kehalalan, dan keamanan pada rantai pasok industri daging ayam broiler skala menengah. Agen risiko dengan nilai ARP tertinggi yaitu kesalahan teknik penyimpanan daging ayam broiler oleh pengecer (A26) dengan nilai ARP 144 dan kesalahan manajemen penyimpanan daging ayam broiler oleh penyembelihan ayam (A15) dengan nilai ARP 126. Agen risiko tersebut juga diprioritaskan berdasar diagram Pareto dengan nilai kumulatif sebesar 30,65% dari keseluruhan nilai ARP. Rekomendasi sebanyak 6 strategi mitigasi risiko dihasilkan secara brainstorming untuk mencegah kemunculan agen risiko prioritas pada rantai pasok industri daging ayam broiler skala menengah.

Kesimpulan: Agen risiko prioritas pada rantai pasok industri daging ayam broiler skala menengah dapat dicegah kemunculannya dengan menerapkan strategi mitigasi risiko berdasar prioritas, yaitu penyuluhan higienitas penanganan daging (PA5), penyuluhan penyimpanan produk halal (PA3), dan pemakaian es batu ketika listrik padam (PA6). Strategi mitigasi tersebut diharapkan dapat meningkatkan aspek kesejahteraan hewan, kehalalan, dan keamanan pada rantai pasok industri daging ayam broiler skala menengah.
Impingement Between the Metal Stem and the Ceramic Liner in Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Lee Sunhyung , Yoo Jeong Joon , Kim Hee Joong
Published: December 2020

Background:

It is assumed that impingement between the ceramic liner and the stem increases the possibility of a liner fracture in total hip arthroplasty with a ceramic-on-ceramic bearing. The purpose of this study was to analyze the pattern of the impingement by evaluating the notches (U-shaped indented wear scars engraved on the stem) on radiographs to determine when and where impingement develops and to analyze the factors affecting its occurrence.

Methods:

Among the primary total hip arthroplasty cases using a ceramic-on-ceramic bearing performed from November 1997 to December 2003, 244 cases of 197 patients (123 male patients and 74 female patients) that had follow-up of ≥15 years were included. All of the radiographs were examined with special regard to the notches and the cup positions.

Results:

Notches were detected at 77 sites of 57 cases (23.4%) for the first time between 8 months and 14.8 years after the surgical procedure. They were located on the neck or the shoulder of the stem. Shoulder notches were detected only in the cases with a short-neck head. Shoulder notches were found in 29 cases (20.0% of short-neck cases). Cup inclination was lower (p = 0.01) and anteversion was higher (p = 0.01) in the group with notches than the group without notches. There were 5 cases of ceramic head fracture. One of them experienced another ceramic liner fracture, assumed to be caused by prosthetic shoulder impingement, after the revision surgical procedure.

Conclusions:

The results of this study suggest that impingement between the stem and the ceramic liner occurs in a considerable proportion of patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty not only on the neck but also on the shoulder of the stem. Forceful and abrupt impingement on the stem shoulder can cause ceramic liner fracture. Impingement between the stem shoulder and the ceramic liner should be considered in designing a stem. It seems to be prudent to recommend that patients avoid squatting or sitting cross-legged on the floor as much as possible.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Pelvic Fragility Fractures
Authors: Smith Christian T. , Barton David W. , Piple Amit S. , Carmouche Jonathan J.
Published: December 2020

Background:

Osteoporosis is often undiagnosed until patients experience fragility fractures. Pelvic fractures are common but underappreciated sentinel fractures. Screening patients with a pelvic fracture for osteoporosis may provide an opportunity to initiate appropriate treatments such as anti-osteoporosis therapy to prevent additional fractures.

Methods:

This retrospective cohort review examined the management of osteoporosis after pelvic fractures at a large tertiary care center without an established secondary fracture prevention program. Data were extracted from electronic medical records of all new patients with a pelvic fracture who were ≥50 years of age from this center and its affiliated community hospitals from 2008 to 2014. Outcome measures included the initiation of anti-osteoporosis therapy before the fracture, within the year following the fracture, >1 year following the fracture, or never and new osteoporotic fractures within 2 years after a pelvic fracture.

Results:

From 2008 to 2014, 947 patients presented with pelvic fractures. Of these patients, 27.1% (257 patients) were taking anti-osteoporosis medications before the fracture. Four percent of treatment-naïve patients began anti-osteoporosis therapy within 1 year of fracture, with 1.2% (11 patients) starting after 1 year. Of the treatment-naïve patients, 92.3% (637 patients) were never prescribed anti-osteoporosis therapy. Treatment rates were consistent over time. Within 2 years, 41.0% (388 patients) developed fragility fractures at secondary sites: 12.0% (114 patients) experienced a hip fracture, and 16.4% (155 patients) experienced a vertebral fracture.

Conclusions:

Osteoporosis screening and initiation of secondary fracture prevention after a pelvic fracture were inadequate in the study population. Of the patients in this study, 909 (96.0%) never underwent a dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan during the study period. Of the 690 treatment-naïve patients, 637 (92.3%) were never administered anti-osteoporosis medications. Within 2 years, 41.0% of all patients developed additional osteoporotic fractures. This study demonstrates an opportunity to improve bone health by screening for and treating osteoporosis in patients with a pelvic fragility fracture.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Field Investigation on the Effects of Base Plate Material on Experimental Surface Wave Data with MASW
Authors: Mahvelati Siavash , Coe Joseph Thomas , Asabere Philip
Published: December 2020

Source characteristics significantly affect the signals generated during seismic testing. Proper source selection plays a major role in data quality and can potentially improve investigation outcomes. This is particularly true for surface wave testing where the goal is to establish the frequency variation of phase velocity. Little research has compared the input energy caused by different base plates when impact sources are used. Consequently, data were collected using the Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) method with three base plate configurations (aluminum, aluminum over a rubber mat, and polyethylene) and two different sledgehammers. The variations in signal frequency content and amplitude spectra, energy, and dispersion images were systematically analyzed. There were appreciable differences in the energy introduced by different base plate configurations. Both the aluminum/rubber and the polyethylene base plates led to power spectra increases relative to the aluminum base plate. Subsequently, the aluminum/rubber and polyethylene base plates typically transferred more energy into the subsurface. This was not necessarily the case when the base plates were used on soft surficial soils. The variations in predominant frequency content were also less substantial, though the aluminum/rubber and polyethylene base plates developed slightly lower-frequency content at the expense of higher-frequency components in the dispersion curves. Despite the noticeable differences in energy transfer and frequency content, the base plate materials did not appreciable alter interpretation of the dispersion behavior at the sites given the uncertainty present in the dispersion images. This highlights that the selection of MASW base plate materials can be correspondingly driven by practical considerations such as noise, portability, and durability. Consequently, base plate materials with viscoelastic characteristics are a promising alternative to conventional metallic plates for coupling impact sources in surface wave testing, though care should be exercised when employing them at sites with soft ground conditions.
Electrical Resistivity Dynamics Beneath the Weathered Mine Tailings in Response to Ambient Temperature
Authors: Olenchenko Vladimir V. , Osipova Polina S. , Yurkevich Nataliya V. , Bortnikova Svetlana B.
Published: December 2020

Ore mining and processing dumps are open and technogenic systems, which change intensively with time under the influence of environmental factors. Active transformations of such “technogenic deposits” are in close relationship with environmental factors. The purpose of this paper is to determine the nature and causes of the electrical resistivity (ER) changes in the mine tailings dump over time. The investigations were carried out by the method of electrotomography by determining the ER of the section to a depth of 1.5 m with an interval of one hour during the day with simultaneous recording of the substance temperature at a depth of 0.1 m. The maximum daily ER dynamics is observed over intensely transformed technogenic ores. ER is in a numerical relationship with the temperature of the solid matter by an exponential law with a certainty of 96%. A direct dependence of the ER daily changes amplitude on the cementation index m was revealed with the help of the Archie law. The primary material of the heap has a monodisperse composition and small values of m, so the amplitude of the ER dynamics is minimal. As a result of oxidative transformations, the solid matter of the dump becomes polydisperse, which is reflected in the cementation index and the amplitude of the ER daily oscillations increase.
2D High-Resolution Crosswell Seismic Traveltime Tomography
Authors: Li Chuan , Liu JianXin , Liao Jianping , Hursthouse Andrew
Published: December 2020

This paper presents a method for combining the hybrid eikonal solver and the prior velocity information to obtain high-resolution crosswell imaging. The hybrid eikonal solver in this technique can ensure rapid and reliable forward modeling of traveltime field in an unsmoothed velocity model. We also utilize the sonic well logging curve to properly develop an initial reference velocity model, and use the sonic well logging data as the prior information for the inversion part, which can restrict the problem of non-uniqueness. The results of the numerical experiment of traveltime in multi-layer media showed that the hybrid eikonal solver was more accurate than the finite difference method. The case study of an oil field in eastern China demonstrated that our method can derive a high-resolution reconstruction of the subsurface structure by inverting the primary traveltime datasets. These results suggest that even though the eikonal equation is a high frequency approximation to the wavefield, the hybrid eikonal solver can provide an accurate traveltime field in the forward modelling step of seismic crosswell tomography, which is critical to ensure high-resolution invert imaging in a highly heterogeneous environment.
A Theoretical Study of Underground Magnetic Resonance Sounding for the Advanced Detection of Water Influxes in Tunnels
Authors: Zhao Yue , Lin Jun , Jiang Chuandong , Yi Xiaofeng
Published: December 2020

Based on surface magnetic resonance sounding (MRS), a relationship is proposed to express the MRS response signal with a vertical coil for the MRS method for a whole underground space model. Firstly, the declination and inclination characteristics of the Earth's magnetic field and the coil normal angle are studied by deriving the angle rotation matrix. Surprisingly, the results indicate that the MRS signal can be effectively improved by changing the normal direction of the coil perpendicular to that of the Earth's magnetic field. The advanced detection distance of the underground MRS method is closely related to the exciting pulse moment and the receiving sensitivity. Hence, a larger pulse moment and high receiving sensitivity correspond to a longer advanced detection distance. However, the limited transmitting moment will reduce the advanced detection distance. In the research coincident loop with the coil 2 m by 2 m square is employed. In order to overcome the noises with 1 nV and 100 nV level, the turns of loop should be 100 turns and 400 turns, respectively. Finally, the numerical simulation results verify the feasibility of underground whole MRS theory and resolution analysis method for the advanced detection of water-inrush disasters in mines and tunnels.
Joint Inversion of Magnetotelluric Impedance and Tipper Data in 3D Axial Anisotropic Media
Authors: Luo Wei , Wang Kunpeng , Cao Hui , Duan Changsheng , Wang Tao , Jian Xingxiang
Published: December 2020

Magnetotelluric (MT) impedance and tipper data can be utilized to reflect underground structural information. However, when the axial anisotropic property of an abnormal body is marked, it will seriously influence MT measuring data. This study divides the MT field into primary and secondary components and replaces the conductivity parameter in a three-dimensional (3D) governing equation with axial anisotropic conductivity. Analysis of the influence of axial anisotropy on MT tipper data is presented, and a limited-memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno method is then utilized to realize a 3D MT axial anisotropic inversion with impedance and tipper data. The tests presented in this paper show that the resolution of the inverting axial anisotropic model with impedance and tipper data is better than that of only using impedance data.
Site Characterization of Soil-rock Mixture Sedimentary Stratum Based on HVSR Analysis in the Chinese Loess Plateau
Authors: Tian Ruyun , Ma Liwei , Zhou Xiaohua , Wang Junqiu , Lin Jun , Li Dongsheng
Published: December 2020

The soil-rock mixture sedimentary stratum is a compound with complex and loose topography, of which the structure is difficult to detect by the ordinary geophysical method. There is a need for a convenient, efficient and effective geophysical method to detect site effects in this area. This paper is an application of the S wave velocity profile inversion for the soil-rock mixture sedimentary stratum, using HVSR (Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio) analysis of ambient noise by some three-component observations in the Chinese Loess Plateau. We carried out the measurement using three nested circular arrays and data recording systems with a spectrum expansion circuit. Inversion of the HVSR curves was performed by a three-layer model. Results of geological observation reveal that the upper part of the sedimentary stratum is Quaternary strata containing a large amount of humus and loess, the middle layer part is the stratum of the loose gravel and the under part is completely weathered granite with homogeneous lithology and fewer rocks. Interpretation results are consistent with previous drilling data, providing a valid geophysical basis for evaluating the stability of the soil erosion and designing a reasonable water and soil erosion control scheme.
Analysis of Magnetic Anomaly Characteristics of Underground Non-Coplanar Cross-buried Iron Pipelines
Authors: Wu Pan , Wei Minghui
Published: December 2020

The non-coplanar cross-buried pipelines are a common way of pipeline wiring. In order to investigate the magnetic anomaly characteristics of the non-coplanar cross-buried pipelines and guide the site operation, the influences of a series of factors on the magnetic anomaly of the non-coplanar cross-buried pipelines are analyzed. Based on the principle of magnetic dipole construction, a forward model is established for the magnetic anomaly characteristics of the subsurface non-coplanar cross-buried pipelines. The basic characteristics of magnetic anomaly for the non-coplanar cross-buried pipelines are defined. The influences of geomagnetic parameters (geomagnetic intensity, geomagnetic inclination, and geomagnetic declination), pipeline parameters (thickness, magnetic susceptibility), and cross angle of pipelines on the characteristics of magnetic anomalies are analyzed. The results show that the shape of the total magnetic anomaly is mainly affected by the magnetic inclination, and the curve of magnetic anomaly at ± I site shows some symmetry. The amplitude is approximately linearly affected by the total geomagnetic field, magnetic declination, pipeline thickness, material magnetic susceptibility, and pipeline cross angle. There is a periodic change of the amplitude with the increase of geomagnetic inclination (−90°–>90°). The crest-trough distance is mainly affected by geomagnetic inclination, magnetic declination, thickness, magnetic susceptibility, and pipeline cross angle. A more accurate measurement can be achieved if the direction of the pipelines is roughly measured and then the number of measurement points is augmented near the intersection of pipelines and the measurement lines. Present work obtains the equivalent magnetic dipole units by segmenting pipelines. The magnetic anomaly characteristics of non-coplanar crossed iron pipelines are successfully simulated. The numerical results are in accordance with the experimental analysis.
Monte Carlo CLEAN Spectral Analysis Method for Detecting the Stratigraphic Cycles Based on High-resolution Electrical Image Log Data
Authors: Lai Fu-qiang , Huang Zhao-Hui , Zhu Zhang-xiong , Xu Shao-hua , Xia Wei-xu , Luo Han
Published: December 2020

This paper performs a Monte Carlo CLEAN (MC-CLEAN) spectral analysis with high-resolution electrical image log data and interpret the high-resolution formation sequence by investigating the cycles in the sediments. Firstly, in order to perform a spectral analysis with high-resolution electrical image log data, the background conductivity log curve was extracted from the borehole image. Secondly, the MC-CLEAN spectrum analysis method was used to isolate all the peaks of the logging signal. Then the 95% significance level of the CLEAN spectrum was calculated to identify the true period of the formation by Monte Carlo simulation. Finally, the MC-CLEAN spectral analysis method was applied in the two shale intervals from Lower Pannonian interval of Vienna basin to identify the stratigraphic cycles. The analysis results showed that the identified cycles in the sedimentary record good matched the Milankovitch cycles. This paper provided a new approach of identifying stratigraphic cycles and interpreting high-resolution sequence stratigraphy.
Analysis of Long-offset Transient Electromagnetic (LOTEM) Data in Time, Frequency, and Pseudo-seismic Domain
Authors: Khan Muhammad Younis , Xue Guo-qiang , Chen Wei-ying , Zhong Hua-sen
Published: December 2020

Long-offset transient electromagnetic (LOTEM) has received great attention in mineral, hydrocarbon and hydrogeological investigations for the last several years. Conventionally, TEM soundings have been presented as apparent resistivity curves as function of time. With development of sophisticated computational algorithms, it became possible to extract more realistic geoelectric information by applying inversion programs to 1-D and 3-D problems. Here, we analyze LOTEM data by carrying out analysis in time, frequency and pseudo-seismic domain supported by borehole information. At first, H, K, A & Q type geoelectric models are processed using a proven inversion program (1-D Occam inversion). Second, time-to-frequency transformation is conducted from TEM ρa( f) curves for the same models based on all-time apparent resistivity curves. Third, 1-D Bostick's algorithm was applied to the transformed resistivity. Finally, EM diffusion field is transformed into propagating wave field and constructed pseudo-seismic section. The transformed seismic-like wave indicates that some reflection and refraction phenomena appear when the EM wave field interacts with a geoelectric interface at different depth intervals due to contrast in resistivity. In all three cases, synthetic tests showed that conductive anomaly in resistive host environment can be retrieved more clearly than resistive target. A case study illustrates the successful application of proposed approach in recovering a water-filled mined-out area in a coal field located in Ye county, Henan province, China. The results support the introduction of pseudo-seismic imaging technology in long-offset version of TEM which can also be an useful aid if integrated with seismic reflection technique to explore possibilities for high resolution EM imaging in future.

[Figure: see text]
Deformation Degree Estimate for Coal Seam using Well Logs as Input: A Case Study
Authors: Chen Tongjun , Ma Guodong , Wang Xin , Cui Ruofei
Published: December 2020

The presence of tectonic deformed coal (TDC) is a prerequisite for coal-and-gas outburst. With a higher degree of TDC deformation, there is a greater possibility of coal-and-gas outbursts. The estimate of deformation degree for coal seam is critically important for mining safety. In this study, we focus on the No. 8 coal seam of Luling coalmine to identify and estimate its deformation degree using well logs, multiscale wavelet analysis, cluster analysis, and ternary diagrams. Since the original well logs contain noise, we first perform denoising with multi-scale wavelet analysis and produce their large-scale and medium-scale output components. Then, we classify the No. 8 coal seam into different sub lithological seams with cluster analysis using the large-scale and medium-scale components as inputs. The classified sub lithological seams include the undeformed coal, the cataclastic coal, the granulated coal, the mylonitized coal, and the gangue. Finally, we group the study area into four regions based on degree of deformation with ternary diagrams using classified sub seam thickness as input. The regions with III and IV deformation degrees are mostly composed of highly deformed TDCs and are prone to coal-and-gas outburst.

[Figure: see text]
Using Groundwater Numerical Simulation to Improve the Accuracy of Electromagnetic Interpretation
Authors: Li Xuelan , Li Diquan , Dong Yanhui
Published: December 2020

Faced with geophysical non-uniqueness, data sets are usually combined with geologic data from other sources to calibrate interpretation results. However, the value of this approach is often limited due to lack of deep drilling cores, difficulties in obtaining access to lithology catalogs, and scarcity of existing wells in remote areas. Can hydraulic characteristics of the water level and water quality information contained in the geological body be used to assist the geophysical inversion? This study examines a method for interpreting geophysical data based on groundwater numerical modeling. By studying the known geology and generating multiple geological models interpreted from electromagnetic data, a set of groundwater numerical models was built to test the various geological models. Numerical simulation of groundwater flow and solute transport were then conducted and the optimal geological model was obtained by finding the optimal groundwater model. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted to verify the method.
Exploration of the Aquifer of San Felipe Geothermal Area (Mexico) by Spatially Constrained Inversion of Transient Electromagnetic Data
Authors: Ruiz-Aguilar Diego , Tezkan Bülent , Arango-Galván Claudia
Published: December 2020

We present an updated description of the San Felipe-Punta Estrella aquifer in Mexico by using new Transient Electromagnetic (TEM) measurements. A total of 17 TEM soundings were acquired with a 50 × 50 m2 single-loop configuration. The one-dimensional inversion of TEM data is performed by using Occam and Marquardt inversion techniques. A three-layer model, where a resistive layer is embedded by conductive ones, is sufficient to fit the data. The second and third layer are associated with the aquifer. We also applied Spatially Constrained Inversion (SCI) to the TEM data in order to derive a pseudo-3D model. A resistive layer extends from 10–100 m and is correlated to the permeable unit of the aquifer. The lowest conductive layer is associated to the semipermeable unit and starts appearing at a depth of 100 m. A high salinity in the permeable unit is detected at TEM stations near the shoreline, suggesting a saltwater intrusion. The TEM 1D inversion and SCI results confirm what a previous Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) survey campaign has detected using electrode spacing up to 1,000 m. The bedrock of the aquifer structure could not be detected by the applied TEM configuration.
Assessing Ground Penetrating Radar's Ability to Image Subsurface Characteristics of Icy Debris Fans in Alaska and New Zealand
Authors: Jacob Robert W. , Trop Jeffrey M. , Kochel R. Craig
Published: December 2020

Icy debris fans have recently been described as fan shaped depositional landforms associated with (or formed during) deglaciation, however, the subsurface characteristics remain essentially undocumented. We used ground penetrating radar (GPR) to non-invasively investigate the subsurface characteristics of icy debris fans (IDFs) at McCarthy Glacier, Alaska, USA and at La Perouse Glacier, South Island of New Zealand. IDFs are largely unexplored paraglacial landforms in deglaciating alpine regions at the mouths of bedrock catchments between valley glaciers and icecaps. IDFs receive deposits of mainly ice and minor lithic material through different mass-flow processes, chiefly ice avalanche and to a lesser extent debris flow, slushflow, and rockfall. We report here on the GPR signal velocity observed from 15 different wide-angle reflection/refraction (WARR) soundings on the IDFs and on the McCarthy Glacier; the effect of GPR antenna orientation relative to subsurface reflections; the effect of spreading direction of the WARR soundings relative to topographic contour; observed differences between transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) antenna polarization; and a GPR profile extending from the McCarthy Glacier onto an IDF. Evaluation of the WARR soundings indicates that the IDF deposits have a GPR signal velocity that is similar to the underlying glacier, and that the antenna polarization and orientation did not prevent identification of GPR reflections. The GPR profile on the McCarthy Glacier indicates that the shallowest material is layered, decreases in thickness down fan, and has evidence of brittle failure planes (crevasses). The GPR profile and WARR soundings collected in 2013 indicate that the thickness of the McCarthy Glacier is 82 m in the approximate middle of the cirque and that the IDF deposits transition with depth into flowing glacial ice.
GPR Study of a Thrust-Fault in an Active Limestone Quarry (SW Slovenia)
Authors: Zajc Marjana , Gosar Andrej , Celarc Bogomir
Published: December 2020

After conducting a successful GPR pilot study in a tectonically complex area of the Karst Thrust Edge, a follow-up study was carried out. In the pilot study, the geometry and spatial extent of the Socerb thrust-fault, which separates limestone above from flysch below, were investigated using a 50 MHz antenna in the Črnotiče quarry. After one part of the quarry was deepened and widened, new flysch outcrops were exposed and GPR profiling was made possible in areas where the thrust contact could not be reached before. By comparing the first GPR results with the locations of new flysch outcrops, we found it reached the surface almost exactly where we had predicted. In order to gain new information about the location of the thrust contact, nine new profiles were recorded. In this newly deepened area, the thrust contact runs close to the surface, therefore a 250 MHz antenna was used in addition to the 50 MHz antenna in order to ensure an adequate level of resolution. This combination of antennas provided the depth penetration of 34 m as well as resolution high enough to obtain accurate information from the shallowest parts. GPR profiles were used to create a 3D model of the thrust-fault plane, providing information about the spatial position and lateral undulations of the thrust contact. The results provided new data about the geometry of the Socerb thrust-fault and correlated well with existing borehole data. The results also showed the importance of using appropriate antenna frequencies as other features capable of becoming hazardous during excavation (air-filled and sediment-filled karst caves) could otherwise be misinterpreted or overlooked. The follow-up research not only provides new data important for understanding the tectonic setting of the area, but also information needed for calculating exploitable material quantities and for planning safe excavation processes.
Comparison between Different Apparent Resistivity Definitions of CSAMT
Authors: Hou Dongyang , Xue Guoqiang , Zhou Nannan , He Yiming , Chen Wen
Published: December 2020

Controlled source audio-frequency magnetotelluric (CSAMT) is typically used to obtain data regarding Cagniard resistivity by calculating the ratio between the electric field and magnetic field. However, noise conditions tend to provide different influences on the electrical and magnetic field component data. Therefore, it has become necessary to develop alternative methods to define apparent resistivity using suitable component data. In addition to the traditional Cagniard resistivity, the conventional single-component and modified single-component apparent resistivity methods have been proposed. In this research we discuss those three different apparent resistivity definitions from the aspects of theoretical formula, applicability, and calculation results of a synthetic model. We find that the modified single-component apparent resistivity method can be successfully used to achieve higher data quality nearer the source, thereby improving the exploration precision. Finally, a case study is conducted to verify our results, which show that the modified apparent resistivity method has the ability to effectively reflect the geoelectric profiling information.
Review of Geophysical Exploration on Mined-out Areas and Water Abundance
Authors: Wen Laifu , Cheng Jiulong , Huang Shaohua , Zhou Jin , Han Yangchun , Li Fei , Zhao Jiahong
Published: December 2020

With the increase in mining depth, the presence of goafs has become increasingly severe in mine safety. The accurate and effective detection of underground goafs and their water abundance is the key to ensure the safety of mine production. On the basis of the relevant research, this paper defines different goaf types from the perspective of geophysical exploration and discusses the geophysical prerequisites for goaf detection. DC methods, electromagnetic methods, seismic methods, and other geophysical methods on the ground and in the subsurface are reviewed and summarized using the method's principle, research status, and technical features. Research progress on the geophysical methods in goafs and their water abundance detection are introduced, including the electrical source short-offset transient electromagnetic method (SOTEM), the wave-field transformation and synthetic aperture of the transient electromagnetic method, and comprehensive detection. At the end of the paper, a direction for the development of coal mined-out areas and their water abundance detection is put forward, including information fusion technology, ground-airborne electromagnetic methods, magnetic resonance sounding (MRS), surface-borehole transient electromagnetic method, surface-borehole seismic methods, and seismic while tunneling technology. The application prospects of these methods are discussed, and the results of this study are expected to considerably improve the location precision and resolution of the goaf detection on the basis of the implications of these techniques.
Foundation Evaluation of a Repeater Installation Building using Electrical Resistivity Tomography and Seismic Refraction Tomography
Authors: Butchibabu B. , Khan Prosanta K. , Jha P.C.
Published: December 2020

Geophysical investigations were carried out for evaluation of damage and to assess the possible causes for repeated occurrence of damage at one of the buildings constructed for oil pumping in the northern part of India. Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Seismic Refraction Tomography (SRT) techniques were adopted for studying the subsurface of the area around the building with an objective of ascertaining the cause of damage. High resolution imaging was done using both the techniques in this investigation. ERT delineated the presence of low resistivity (2 ohm-m) water filled voids below the structures and mapped different subsurface layers such as sandy soil, clay and sandstone in the study area. SRT revealed P-wave velocity ( VP) of the subsurface medium in the range of 400–3,400 m/s. Corresponding densities and S-wave velocities ( VS) were determined based on Gardner's and Castagna's relationships. Subsequently, the VP, VS and the modulus values were used in estimating compressibility of soil and rock strata. Results showed near surface layers were characterized by high compressibility (26.673 × 10−5 Pa−1), decreases with depth. This paper presents the details of the site, techniques used in the investigation and correlation of geophysical results with lithological information, and the subsequent analysis for understanding the distress in the subsurface of the study area.
Multi-technique Geophysical Investigation of a Very Slow-moving Landslide near Ashcroft, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Huntley David , Bobrowsky Peter , Hendry Michael , Macciotta Renato , Best Melvyn
Published: December 2020

Landslides in the Thompson River valley, British Columbia have the potential to adversely impact vital national railway infrastructure and operations, the natural environment, cultural heritage features, communities, public safety and the economy. To better manage geohazard risks in the primary national transportation corridor, government agencies, universities and railway industry partners are focusing research efforts on the Ripley Landslide, 7 km south of Ashcroft. The internal composition and structure of this very slow-moving landslide as revealed by geophysical surveys and terrain mapping provides contextual baseline data for interpreting slope stability monitoring results and guiding geohazard mitigation efforts. Terrestrial and waterborne geophysical surveys were undertaken using subsets of the following methods: electrical resistivity tomography, frequency electromagnetic conductivity, ground penetrating radar, primary-wave refraction and multispectral analysis of shear-waves, natural gamma radiation, induction conductivity and magnetic susceptibility. Small and irregular anomalies, areas of complex subsurface geometry and groundwater-rich zones are resolved along all terrestrial geophysical survey lines. Terrain mapping and geophysical surveys indicate a high relief bedrock sub-surface overlain by a 10 m to >30 m thick package of complex fine-grained sediments containing groundwater. Planar sub-surface features revealed in surface exposures, borehole logs and geophysical profiles include tabular bedding and terrain unit contacts. Profiles also show discrete curvilinear features interpreted as rotational-translational failure planes in clay-rich beds in the main body of the slide beneath the rail ballast and retaining wall. Integrating data from surficial geology mapping and an array of geophysical methods provided significantly more information than any one technique on its own.