bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment Outcomes and Mechanisms for an ACT‐Based 10‐Week Interdisciplinary Chronic Pain Rehabilitation Program
Authors: Craner Julia R. , Lake Eric S. , Bancroft Kimberly A. , George Logan L.
Published: July 2019

Background

Interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation programs are an evidence‐based biopsychosocial treatment approach for chronic pain. The purpose of the current study is to assess outcomes for a 10‐week interdisciplinary, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)‐based, outpatient treatment model and to evaluate the relationship between psychological process variables (ie, pain catastrophizing, pain acceptance, pain self‐efficacy) and treatment outcomes.

Methods

137 adults with chronic pain completed an interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation program. Measures of pain, pain interference, health‐related quality of life, anxiety, depressed mood, insomnia, pain catastrophizing, pain acceptance, and pain self‐efficacy were completed at admission and discharge. Data were also collected on demographic and clinical variables, including opioid use.

Results

Results indicated significant changes in all measures at program discharge compared to admission. Opioid doses were also reduced. Results of within‐subjects meditational analyses indicated that pain catastrophizing accounted for a significant portion of the treatment effect for pain severity, pain interference, and depressed mood. Pain acceptance was a mediator for change in depressed mood, whereas pain self‐efficacy was a mediator for pain interference outcomes.

Conclusions

This study supports a 10‐week, ACT‐based treatment model for interdisciplinary chronic pain rehabilitation. In addition, pain catastrophizing, pain acceptance, and pain self‐efficacy were each found to be mechanisms by which individuals achieve successful treatment outcomes. This research provides further support for interdisciplinary rehabilitation approaches for chronic pain.
Carbon isotopic tracing of sugars throughout whole‐trees exposed to climate warming
Authors: Furze Morgan E. , Drake John E. , Wiesenbauer Julia , Richter Andreas , Pendall Elise
Published: July 2019

Trees allocate C from sources to sinks by way of a series of processes involving carbohydrate transport and utilization. Yet these dynamics are not well characterized in trees, and it is unclear how these dynamics will respond to a warmer world. Here, we conducted a warming and pulse‐chase experiment on Eucalyptus parramattensis growing in a whole‐tree chamber system to test whether warming impacts carbon allocation by increasing the speed of carbohydrate dynamics. We pulse‐labelled large (6‐m tall) trees with 13C‐CO2 to follow recently fixed C through different organs by using compound‐specific isotope analysis of sugars. We then compared concentrations and mean residence times of individual sugars between ambient and warmed (+3°C) treatments. Trees dynamically allocated 13C‐labelled sugars throughout the aboveground‐belowground continuum. We did not, however, find a significant treatment effect on C dynamics, as sugar concentrations and mean residence times were not altered by warming. From the canopy to the root system, 13C enrichment of sugars decreased, and mean residence times increased, reflecting dilution and mixing of recent photoassimilates with older reserves along the transport pathway. Our results suggest that a locally endemic eucalypt was seemingly able to adjust its physiology to warming representative of future temperature predictions for Australia.
Impact of web‐based learning for health program planning competency, knowledge and skills among mid‐level public health nurses: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yoshioka‐Maeda Kyoko , Shiomi Misa , Katayama Takafumi , Hosoya Noriko
Published: July 2019

Objectives

To evaluate the impact of web‐based learning modules for health program planning competency, recognition, knowledge and skills among mid‐level public health nurses (PHNs).

Design

Parallel‐group randomized controlled trial.

Sample

During 2018, 244 Japanese PHNs were eligible as participants with 5–20 years experiences as a PHN were randomly allocated to the intervention (n = 121) or control group (n = 123).

Measurements

The outcome was assessed using the Competency Measurement of Creativity for PHNs (CMC) and 26 questions about recognition, knowledge, and skills for health program planning.

Interventions

Eight web‐based modules.

Results

No significant differences in CMC scores between the control and intervention groups at base line and post‐intervention. By contrast, significant differences in total score of the 26 items of knowledge and skills. In an exploratory analysis, there was a significant difference identified in CMC scores in the demographic of post graduate training in program planning at base line and post‐intervention. (p = .034).

Conclusions

The findings suggested that web‐based learning with flexibility in terms of time and location would improve competency, skills and knowledge of health program planning among mid‐level PHNs.
Pattern of changes in salicylic acid‐induced protein kinase (SIPK) gene expression and salicylic acid accumulation in wheat under cadmium exposure
Authors: Tajti J. , Németh E. , Glatz G. , Janda T. , Pál M.
Published: July 2019

Salicylic acid‐induced protein kinase (SIPK) is known as a ‘master switch’ for stress responses in plants. It can be induced by salicylic acid (SA) and several stress factors. The main aim of the present study was to reveal the relationship between SA accumulation and the gene expression level of SIPK during 50 and 250 µm Cd stress in wheat plants.

Quantitative real‐time PCR was used for determination of the gene expression level of SIPK. Salicylic acid content measurement was performed with an HPLC system equipped with a fluorescence detector.

Cadmium treatment increased the endogenous SA level and expression level of SIPK in a concentration‐dependent manner. Induction of SIPK expression preceded the accumulation of endogenous SA. Although SA treatment induced dramatic endogenous SA accumulation, its SIPK‐inducing effect was moderate. In roots, higher induction of SIPK was observed than in leaves. The same tendency of SIPK expression was observed in both Cd‐ and SA‐treated plants, as decisively the highest transcript level was detected after 30 min of treatment, but thereafter the expression decreased rapidly to control level or even below.

The induction of SIPK was transient in all cases, and even a very high SA level in either the leaves or roots was not able to maintain the elevated expression level of this gene. The results suggest that SIPK has a role in initiating Cd stress response and the exogenous SA‐induced signalling process.
The ecological cocktail party: Measuring brain activity during an auditory oddball task with background noise
Authors: Scanlon Joanna E. M. , Cormier Danielle L. , Townsend Kimberley A. , Kuziek Jonathan W. P. , Mathewson Kyle E.
Published: July 2019

Most experiments using EEG recordings take place in highly isolated and restricted environments, limiting their applicability to real‐life scenarios. New technologies for mobile EEG are changing this by allowing EEG recording to take place outside of the laboratory. However, before results from experiments performed outside the laboratory can be fully understood, the effects of ecological stimuli on brain activity during cognitive tasks must be examined. In this experiment, participants performed an auditory oddball task while also listening to concurrent background noises of silence, white noise, and outdoor ecological sounds, as well as a condition in which the tones themselves were at a low volume. We found a significantly increased N1 and decreased P2 when participants performed the task with outdoor sounds and white noise in the background, with the largest differences in the outdoor sound condition. This modulation in the N1 and P2 replicates what we have previously found outside while people rode bicycles. No behavioral differences were found in response to the target tones. We interpret these modulations in early ERPs as indicative of sensory filtering of background sounds and that ecologically valid sounds require more filtering than simple synthetic sounds. Our results reveal that much of what we understand about the brain will need to be updated as cognitive neuroscience research begins to step outside of the lab.
Stressing the accuracy: Wrist‐worn wearable sensor validation over different conditions
Authors: Menghini Luca , Gianfranchi Evelyn , Cellini Nicola , Patron Elisabetta , Tagliabue Mariaelena , Sarlo Michela
Published: July 2019

Wearable sensors are promising instruments for conducting both laboratory and ambulatory research in psychophysiology. However, scholars should be aware of their measurement error and the conditions in which accuracy is achieved. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of a wearable sensor designed for research purposes, the E4 wristband (Empatica, Milan, Italy), in measuring heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), and skin conductance (SC) over five laboratory conditions widely used in stress reactivity research (seated rest, paced breathing, orthostatic, Stroop, speech task) and two ecological conditions (slow walking, keyboard typing). Forty healthy participants concurrently wore the wristband and two gold standard measurement systems (i.e., electrocardiography and finger SC sensor). The wristband accuracy was determined by evaluating the signal quality and the correlations with and the Bland‐Altman plots against gold standard‐derived measurements. Moreover, exploratory analyses were performed to assess predictors of measurement error. Mean HR measures showed the best accuracy over all conditions. HRV measures showed satisfactory accuracy in seated rest, paced breathing, and recovery conditions but not in dynamic conditions, including speaking. Accuracy was diminished by wrist movements, cognitive and emotional stress, nonstationarity, and larger wrist circumferences. Wrist SC measures showed neither correlation nor visual resemblance with finger SC signal, suggesting that the two sites may reflect different phenomena. Future studies are needed to assess the responsivity of wrist SC to emotional and cognitive stress. Limitations and implications for laboratory and ambulatory research are discussed.
Sustainable aquaculture requires environmental‐friendly treatment strategies for fish diseases
Authors: Lieke Thora , Meinelt Thomas , Hoseinifar Seyed Hossein , Pan Bo , Straus David L. , Steinberg Christian E. W.
Published: July 2019

Many classical therapeutants are going to be banned in Europe, and an urgent need for alternatives is emerging. This issue can be exemplified by one major parasitic disease in aquaculture and ornamental fish breeding: velvet disease. This disease, caused by dinoflagellates of the genera Amyloodinium and Piscinoodinium, is an important infection affecting cultured freshwater and marine ornamental and food fish, and consistently causes great financial loss to the associated industries. Therapeutants available contain copper, malachite green, or methylene blue, and which can be toxic to non‐target organisms in the surrounding environment. As a result, these chemicals are banned for use by the aquaculture industry in several countries, and a prohibition for commercial ornamental fishkeeping is likely to follow in most countries. Increasing development of resistance to therapeutants, and growing public awareness for animal welfare and environmental protection, have prompted research in the areas of alternative treatment options and immunostimulants. Hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid are possible ‘green’ therapeutants which do not contribute residues to the environment. Natural feed supplements such as pre‐ and probiotics can increase animal welfare and prevent stress and/or infections. Humic substances are another promising, natural immunostimulants which will be considered in depth. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of risks and benefits of current treatment options and new approaches to replace harmful therapeutants and minimize the number of toxic residues discharged into the environment. Treatments will be discussed on various parasitic infections and focus, where available, on Amyloodinium and Piscinoodinium.
Predication and cognitive context: Between minimalism and contextualism
Authors: Balletta Sandro , Domaneschi Filippo
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we suggest a strategy for modelling cognitive context within a truth‐conditional semantics, using Asher's model of predication. This allows us to introduce the notion of type presupposition intended as a lexical constraint to the composition of the truth‐conditional content. More specifically, we suggest that this model of predication produces a notion of truth‐conditional meaning where the cognitive context fixes a set of lexical restrictions and forced modifications. We conclude that this model might offer an intermediate position between Minimalism and Contextualism: an account that provides intuitive truth conditions within a formal semantic theory.
Quality of life in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Jankowska‐Polańska Beata , Sliwiński Maciej , Świątoniowska Natalia , Butrym Aleksandra , Mazur Grzegorz
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is one of the most common neoplasms in children, that is. 3,000 new cases are diagnosed in the USA each year. The assessment of the quality of life (QoL) by the patient is the important indicator of the effects of treatment by the means of physical, psychical and social functioning.

Aim

The aim of the study was to evaluate the QoL of children treated for ALL and the stress levels of their parents. Additionally, the impact of the most common symptoms on perceived QoL was analysed.

Material and methods

Seventy‐four patients with ALL (mean age 9.03) were enrolled in the study. The questionnaire of Paediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL) and the medical records as the source of the socio‐clinical data were applied in this study.

Results

In QoL assessment, the social functioning reached the highest score (67.57 ± 21.33), and physical functioning – the lowest score (51.1 ± 25.59). The analysis of the symptoms showed that the most intensive were stress (7.19 ± 2.71), fatigue and weakness (5.19 ± 2.76). In Spearman's rank correlation analysis the depressed mood, fatigue and weakness were significant negative predictors influencing QoL in all the domains of PedsQoL. In the linear regression analysis only the depressed mood was the significant independent determinant of the decreased QoL in the majority of the domains of PedsQoL, respectively: the general QoL (β = −0.314; p = 0.002); psychosocial functioning (β = −3.44; p < 0.01); role functioning (β = −3.18; p = 0.004); social functioning (β = −3.5; p = 0.007) and emotional functioning (β = −3.012; p = 0.002).

Conclusions

Quality of life of children with ALL is decreased and of the lowest value in the range of physical health. The factors negatively influencing the QoL are depressed mood, fatigue and weakness. The significant independent determinant of the decreased QoL is children's depressed mood.
Perinatal women's satisfaction with nurses caring behaviours in teaching hospitals in China
Authors: Othman Fouzia , Liu Yilan , Zhang Xiaoqing , Wang Peihong , Deng Liuliu , Cheng Xiangwei
Published: July 2019

Background

Adequate caring behaviours provided by nurses can increase patients’ satisfaction of care. Yet few researchers have examined women's satisfaction in nurses’ caring behaviours in China and then published the study in English.

Aim

The aim of this study was to identify the level of women's satisfaction with nurses’ caring behaviours during the antenatal, childbirth and postnatal periods.

Methods

A descriptive, cross‐sectional study was performed using a sample of 422 postpartum women of two teaching hospitals in Wuhan, China. A structured questionnaire on socio‐demographic information was completed, and a satisfaction scale of 60 items concerning nurses’ caring behaviours was measured.

Results

The findings showed that participants reported a good satisfaction score for nurses’ caring behaviours during all three periods. Behaviours on the ʻMonitorʼ subscale obtained the highest score (a mean score of 4.46 for the antenatal period, 4.64 for the childbirth period and 4.31 for the postnatal period). The subscale with the second highest score was ʻHuman respectʼ (4.53, 4.27 and 4.56, respectively), while the subscale with the lowest score was ʻTrustʼ (3.78 and 3.98). The statistical significances of the demographics of the women were shown concerning their perceived satisfaction of five subscales of caring behaviours.

Conclusion

The study revealed no statistically significant differences in the perceived satisfaction in nurses’ caring behaviours between the antenatal, childbirth and postnatal periods. However, nursing administration development projects that focus on caring are still needed. Additionally, more studies that reflect Watson's theory of human caring on the maternity population should be conducted with a larger sample size.
Early Jurassic palaeoenvironments in the Surat Basin, Australia – marine incursion into eastern Gondwana
Authors: La Croix Andrew D. , He Jianhua , Bianchi Valeria , Wang Jiahao , Gonzalez Sebastian , Undershultz Jim R.
Published: July 2019

Interpretations of palaeodepositional environments are important for reconstructing Earth history. Only a few maps showing the Jurassic depositional environments in eastern Australia currently exist. Consequently, a detailed understanding of the setting of Australia in Gondwana is lacking. Core, wireline logs, two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional seismic from the Precipice Sandstone and Evergreen Formation in the Surat Basin have been used to construct maps showing the evolution of depositional environments through the Early Jurassic. The results indicate the succession consists of three third‐order sequences (Sequence 1 to Sequence 3) that were controlled by eustatic sea level. The lowstand systems tract in Sequence 1 comprises braidplain deposits, confined to a fairway that parallels the basin centre. The strata were initially deposited in two sub‐basins, with rivers flowing in different orientations in each sub‐basin. The transgressive systems tract of Sequence 1 to lowstand systems tract of Sequence 3 is dominated by fluvio–deltaic systems infilling a single merged basin centre. Finally, the transgressive and highstand systems tracts of Sequence 3 show nearshore environments depositing sediment into a shallow marine basin. In the youngest part of this interval, ironstone shoals are the most conspicuous facies, the thickness and number of which increase towards the north and east. This study interprets a corridor to the open ocean through the Clarence–Moreton Basin, or the Carpentaria and Papuan basins, evidence of which has been eroded. These results challenge a commonly held view that eastern Australia was not influenced by eustasy, and propose a more dynamic palaeogeographic setting comprising a mixture of fluvial, deltaic and shallow marine sedimentary environments. This work can be used to unravel the stratigraphic relationships between Mesozoic eastern Australian basins, or in other basins globally as an analogue for understanding the complex interplay of paralic depositional systems in data poor areas.
Postoperative regurgitation in dogs after upper airway surgery to treat brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome: 258 cases (2013‐2017)
Authors: Fenner Joy V. H. , Quinn Robert J. , Demetriou Jackie L.
Published: July 2019

Objective

To determine the incidence of and risk factors for regurgitation in dogs within 24 hours of surgical management of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS).

Study design

Retrospective single center study of dogs undergoing BOAS surgery over four years (2013‐2017).

Animals

Two hundred fifty‐eight client‐owned dogs referred for surgical intervention for BOAS.

Methods

Electronic medical records were searched for dogs that had undergone surgery for BOAS at a UK specialist referral hospital. Data were assessed by using univariable binomial logistic regression; confounding factors were then identified in a multivariable model.

Results

There was an increase in the proportion of dogs that regurgitated while hospitalized preoperatively vs during the first 24 hours postoperatively, from 28 (10.9%) to 89 (34.5%), respectively (P < .0001). History of regurgitation (P = .017, odds ratio [OR] 2.539, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.178‐5.469) and age (P = .008, OR 0.712, 95% CI 0.553‐0.916) were detected as risk factors for postoperative regurgitation. For every 1‐year increase in age, the odds of experiencing postoperative regurgitation were reduced by 28.8%.

Conclusion

Corrective surgery for BOAS was associated with a marked incidence of postoperative regurgitation. Younger dogs and those with a history of regurgitation were predisposed to postoperative regurgitation.

Clinical significance

The increased frequency of regurgitation after surgical treatment of BOAS, especially in younger dogs, provides justification for counseling owners regarding this postoperative complication.
Socioeconomic burden of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in endemic areas of Anhui Province, eastern China
Authors: Gong Lei , Wang Jinsheng , Zhang Yong , Zhang Lei , Lyu Yong , Ma Wanwan , Gao Weilin , Chen Weiguo , Zhou Yu , Wu Jiabing , Su Bin
Published: July 2019

Understanding the socioeconomic burden of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is important for making decisions on health resources allocation. This study aimed to assess the economic burden of patients with this syndrome in endemic areas of the Anhui Province in 2018. A total of 114 patients were recruited, and the median age was 63.5 years, 62 (54.4%) were female, 97 (85.1%) were farmers, 108 (94.7%) were survival patients, and 71 (62.3%) had a family monthly income less than $453.3. The median times of hospital visits and hospitalizations of patients were three times, and the median lost work days of these patients, caregivers and visitors were 14.5 days, 14.5 days and 7.5 days, respectively. The median direct costs of the patient were $3,761.6, and the median indirect costs were $508.3. Taking direct and indirect costs into consideration, the median total economic costs of patients were $4,323.9, and the total annual cost of 2018 was $1,396,913.6. Although 113 (99.1%) patients had medical insurance, only 25.8% of costs were covered by reimbursement, and the total cost paid for by the patients and their families was $1,041,073.6 in 2018. Our findings revealed that the patients and their families had a significant economic burden, and preventive measures should be strengthened in endemic areas. The findings also provided baseline data for assessing the cost‐effectiveness of the vaccines or anti‐viral drugs in the near future in China.
Moral Education for Structural Change
Authors: Richards Howard , Watson Sarah L.
Published: July 2019

The experience of the education for the social responsibility program at the University of Concepción suggests the viability of large-scale moral education forming a functional, realistic, and socially unifying ethical conscience. Three educational principles supported by scientific findings are proposed to guide moral education: understanding, participation, and empathy from experience. Taking as an example the 'structural trap' by which the good intention of complying with social human rights such as health, ends up discouraging economic investment, it is suggested that good large scale moral education is capable of facilitating the overcoming of structural obstacles to solutions to social and ecological problems.
Nanostructures of type-II topological Dirac semimetal NiTe2
Authors: Dulal Rajendra P. , Dahal Bishnu R. , Forbes Andrew , Bhattarai Niraj , Pegg Ian L. , Philip John
Published: July 2019

Many transition metal dichalcogenides have been predicted and verified experimentally to exhibit topological semimetallic behavior due to symmetry breaking. NiTe2 is predicted to belong to an interesting class of materials: type-II topological semimetal. Here, we report the growth, structural, and magnetic properties of polycrystalline NiTe2 nanostructures synthesized using a two-step solvothermal technique. Nanostructures of NiTe2 crystalize in a hexagonal CdI2-type structure (space group P3¯m1) with lattice parameters a = b = 3.85 Å and c = 5.26 Å. NiTe2 nanostructures exhibit paramagnetic behavior at room temperature and display a large increase in magnetization below 30 K. These results will certainly pave the way to fully understand one- and two-dimensional NiTe2 for topological behavior that can be useful for novel device applications.
Parents’ Lifestyle, Sedentary Behavior, and Physical Activity in Their Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in Brazil
Authors: Christofaro Diego G.D. , Turi-Lynch Bruna C. , Lynch Kyle R. , Tebar William R. , Fernandes Rômulo A. , Tebar Fernanda G. , Mielke Gregore I. , Sui Xuemei
Published: July 2019

Background: This study investigated associations between different types of sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) in parent and their child, including the moderating effects of parent and child sex. Methods: In total, 1231 adolescents, 1202 mothers, and 871 fathers were evaluated. The SB (TV viewing + computer + video game); different types of PA (leisure-time PA, occupational PA, and total PA); and the socioeconomic level were evaluated by questionnaire. The relationship between adolescents’ SB and PA with parental characteristics was estimated by linear regression. Results: The SB of male adolescents was correlated to the father’s SB (β = 0.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.13–0.39) and mother’s SB (β = 0.18; 95% CI, 0.06–0.31). A similar relationship was observed between SB of female adolescents and the father’s SB (β = 0.31; 95% CI, 0.19–0.42) and mother’s SB (β = 0.29; 95% CI, 0.20–0.38]). The SB of girls was inversely related to mother’s occupational PA (β = −2.62; 95% CI, −3.66 to −0.53]). The PA of the boys and girls was correlated with their fathers and mothers PA. All the results were adjusted for age and parent’s socioeconomic level. Conclusions: SB and PA of parents were associated with SB and PA of their children, regardless of gender. Strategies for health promotion should consider the family environment to increase PA and reduce SB.
Compliance With Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Guidelines and Associations With Abdominal Adiposity in a Sample of Infants and Toddlers From Soweto, South Africa
Authors: Prioreschi Alessandra , Micklesfield Lisa K.
Published: July 2019

Background: This study reported compliance with 24-hour physical activity and sedentary behavior guidelines, and associations with adiposity in the first 2 years of life.Methods: Participants (N = 119) were recruited from Soweto, South Africa. Visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue was measured by ultrasound. Participation in 2 movement behaviors (physical activity and sedentary time) was reported by mothers. Differences in adiposity between those meeting each individual guideline, as well as the combination of both movement guidelines, compared with those not meeting the guidelines were assessed.Results: Only 5% of infants met the sedentary guidelines; however, 58% met the physical activity guidelines. Subcutaneous adipose tissue was significantly higher in those meeting the physical activity guideline (0.50 [0.01] vs 0.47 [0.01] cm,P = .03) compared with those not meeting the guideline. Meeting the screen time component of the sedentary guideline was associated with higher visceral adipose tissue (β = 0.96,P < .01), while meeting one guideline compared with meeting none was associated with higher subcutaneous adipose tissue (β = 0.05,P = .01).Conclusions: Most infants and toddlers from this low- to middle-income setting were not meeting sedentary behavior guidelines. Both behaviors were associated with abdominal adiposity, but not with body mass indexzscore; implying these movement behaviors may impact abdominal fat deposition rather than body size.
Effects of Progressive Resistance Training on Obesity Indices in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and the Relationship With Telomere Length
Authors: Kogure Gislaine S. , Miranda-Furtado Cristiana L. , Pedroso Daiana C.C. , Ribeiro Victor B. , Eiras Matheus C. , Silva Rafael C. , Caetano Lisandra C. , Ferriani Rui A. , Calado Rodrigo T. , dos Reis Rosana M.
Published: July 2019

Background: Physical activity is prescribed as a component of primary management for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This nonrandomized, therapeutic, open, single-arm study investigated the effects of progressive resistance training (PRT) on obesity indices in women with PCOS, and the relationship between obesity indices and telomere content. Methods: A total of 45 women with PCOS and 52 with non-PCOS (controls), aged 18 to 37 years, with body mass indexes of 18 to 39.9 kg/m2, performed three 1-hour sessions of PRT per week, for 16 weeks. Before and after PRT, measures included anthropometric indices and regions of interest of fat mass distribution, quantified by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, metabolic and hormonal parameters, and telomere content. The general linear mixed models were used to determine the effects of PRT. Results: PRT did reduce the waist-to-height ratio, waist circumference, and the index of conicity among PCOS (P < .01). However, PRT did not influence regions of interest, body mass index, and WHR. After PRT, the telomere content was associated with regions of interest and anthropometric indices in whole group independent of PCOS (P < .05). Conclusion: Resistance exercise improves obesity indices in PCOS, independent of changes in body weight, and the relationship between telomeres and obesity parameters in PCOS remain to be fully clarified.
Associations of Sitting Behavior Patterns With Cardiometabolic Risk in Children: The Sit Less for Health Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Stockwell Stephanie L. , Smith Lindsey R. , Weaver Hannah M. , Hankins Daniella J. , Bailey Daniel P.
Published: July 2019

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between sedentary behavior patterns and cardiometabolic risk in children using a monitor that accurately distinguishes between different postures. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 118 children (67 girls) aged 11–12 years had adiposity, blood pressure, lipids, and glucose measured, and then they wore an activPAL device to record sitting, standing, and stepping for 7 consecutive days. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Results: After adjustment for potential confounders and moderate to vigorous physical activity, the number of breaks in sitting was significantly negatively associated with adiposity (standardized β ≥ −0.546; P ≤ .001) and significantly positively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β = 0.415; P ≤ .01). Time in prolonged sitting bouts was significantly negatively associated with adiposity (β ≥ −0.577; P ≤ .001) and significantly positively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β = 0.432; P ≤ .05). Standing time was significantly negatively associated with adiposity (β ≥ −0.270; P ≤ .05) and significantly positively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β = 0.312; P ≤ .05). Conclusions: This study suggests that increasing the number of breaks in sitting and increasing standing time are beneficially associated with cardiometabolic risk and should be considered in health promotion interventions in children.
Validation of Sedentary Behavior Record Instrument as a Measure of Contextual Information of Sedentary Behavior
Authors: Kim Heontae , Kang Minsoo
Published: July 2019

Background: To establish evidence for the validity of the Sedentary Behavior Record (SBR) instrument using a criterion measure through a proxy of direct observation.Methods: A total of 27 study participants (aged ≥18 y; 15 male) participated in this study. Throughout a 4-day measurement period, each participant recorded their sedentary behavior using the SBR in 10-minute blocks every night. During the measurement period, participants also wore wearable Autographer cameras as a proxy for direct observation. Autographer data were aggregated into 10-minute intervals. To establish evidence of validity, contingency (C) and Kappa (K) coefficients were calculated between the SBR and the Autographer data. ForCandK, agreements were determined between 2 measures every cell. The coefficientCwas compared across domains, types, and time of day, andKwas compared across types of day and times of day.Results: Overall, the coefficientsCandKwere acceptable (C = .70) and substantial (K = .64), respectively. Among all domains, the highestCwas reported for work-related sitting (C = .87). Values ofCranged from .49 to .91 among all activities; the highest accuracy was for work-related, screen-based sitting.Conclusions: This study suggests that the SBR is an acceptable self-report measure of sedentary behavior in adults.
The Effectiveness of Physical Activity Interventions for Low-Income and Ethnic Minority Children and Youths: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chang Seung Ho , Kim Kyungun , Lee Jihyun , Lee Sukho
Published: July 2019

Background: Children and youths from low-income families and certain ethnic minority groups show high levels of risk and vulnerability to physical inactivity. The aim of this review was to examine the effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activity (PA) in children and youths from low-income and ethnic minority (LIEM) families. Methods: Eight databases were systematically searched for PA interventions for LIEM children and youths. Twenty-six studies were included in the analyses. Effect sizes (ESs) were calculated using a random-effects model. The ESs were computed using Hedges g with 95% confidence interval. Results: There were small to medium effects of interventions on PA in LIEM children and youth (Q = 1499.193, df = 30, P < .05; I2 = 97.999). Analyses on the moderator variables showed that ES for participants aged 9–12 years (ES = 0.542, P = .01); intervention length less than 13 weeks (ES = 0.561, P = .01); specialists as the intervention agent (ES = 0.680, P < .05); interventions without technology (ES = 0.363, P = .02); and interventions with a behavioral modification component (ES = 0.336, P = .03) were significantly different from zero. Conclusion: PA intervention can be an effective strategy to increase PA for LIEM children and youths.
“Men are Better Than Women!” The Positive Effect of a Negative Stereotype Toward Women on a Self-Paced Cycling Exercise
Authors: Deshayes Maxime , Clément-Guillotin Corentin , Zory Raphaël
Published: July 2019

Previous research on the stereotype threat phenomenon has shown that inducing a negative stereotype toward a group debilitates motor performance despite the increase in motivation. Most of the studies focused on tasks requiring technical skills. However, what happens when the task does not require technical skills but focuses on energy expenditure? To examine this question, 34 male and female participants were assigned to a negative stereotype toward women and a nullified-stereotype condition and performed 20 min of self-paced cycling exercise. The authors hypothesized better performances when participants were assigned to the negative stereotype toward women condition than when assigned to the nullified-stereotype condition. As predicted, men and women increased their performances, accompanied by increases in heart rate. Concerning women, this result provides support for the notion that the effect of inducing a negative stereotype is task dependent, but further research is needed to more deeply investigate the mechanisms involved.
The Amount and Temporal Structure of Center of Pressure Fluctuations During Quiet Standing in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Azadinia Fatemeh , Ebrahimi-Takamjani Ismail , Kamyab Mojtaba , Asgari Morteza , Parnianpour Mohamad
Published: July 2019

The characteristics of postural sway were assessed in quiet standing under three different postural task conditions in 14 patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain and 12 healthy subjects using linear and nonlinear center of pressure parameters. The linear parameters consisted of area, the mean total velocity, sway amplitude, the SD of velocity, and the phase plane portrait. The nonlinear parameters included the Lyapunov exponent, sample entropy, and the correlation dimension. The results showed that the amount of postural sway was higher in the patients with low back pain compared with the healthy subjects. Assessing the nonlinear parameters of the center of pressure showed a lower sample entropy and a higher correlation dimension in the patients with low back pain compared with the healthy subjects. The results of this study demonstrate the greater regularity and higher dimensionality of the center of pressure fluctuations in patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain, which suggests that these patients adopt different postural control strategies to maintain an upright stance.
Effects of Suspension Versus Traditional Resistance Training on Explosive Strength in Elementary School-Aged Boys
Authors: Marta Carlos , Alves Ana R. , Esteves Pedro T. , Casanova Natalina , Marinho Daniel , Neiva Henrique P. , Aguado-Jimenez Roberto , Alonso-Martínez Alicia M. , Izquierdo Mikel , Marques Mário C.
Published: July 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of an 8-week program of resistance training (RT) or suspension training (ST) on explosive strength in prepubescent boys. Methods: Fifty-seven boys aged 10–11 years were assigned to 2 training groups, RT or ST or a control group (no training program). Boys trained twice weekly for 8 weeks. Results: A significant interaction was reported with a large (P < .001, ), medium (P < .001, ), and small effect sized (P ≤ .001, ) in the 1-kg ball throw, 3-kg ball throw, and time-at-20-m test, respectively. There was no significant interaction in the countermovement vertical jump or the standing long jump. Changes from preintervention to postintervention for the 1-kg ball throw were 5.94% and 5.82% for the ST and RT, respectively, and 8.82% and 8.14% in the 3-kg ball throw for the ST and RT, respectively. The improvement in the 20-m sprint was 1.19% for the ST and 2.33% for the RT. Conclusion: Traditional RT and ST seem to be effective methods for improving explosive strength in prepubescent boys. ST could be considered as an alternative modality to optimize explosive strength training in school-based programs.
Alternative ZAP70-p38 signals prime a classical p38 pathway through LAT and SOS to support regulatory T cell differentiation
Authors: Jun Jesse E. , Kulhanek Kayla R. , Chen Hang , Chakraborty Arup , Roose Jeroen P.
Published: July 2019

“Alternative” ZAP70–dependent activation of the kinase p38 increases activation of the “classical” p38 cascade in T cells.
Ciclopirox and Efinaconazole Transungual Permeation, Antifungal Activity, and Proficiency To Induce Resistance in Trichophyton rubrum
Authors: Monti Daniela , Mazzantini Diletta , Tampucci Silvia , Vecchione Alessandra , Celandroni Francesco , Burgalassi Susi , Ghelardi Emilia
Published: July 2019

Onychomycosis is a nail fungal infection, mostly caused by dermatophytes. The treatment efficacy is impaired by difficulties of reaching effective drug levels at the site of infection; frequent relapses occur after cessation of antifungal therapy. The aim of the study was to compare two commercial products containing ciclopirox or efinaconazole for antimycotic activity and antifungal drug resistance.
Environment Shapes the Accessible Daptomycin Resistance Mechanisms in Enterococcus faecium
Authors: Prater Amy G. , Mehta Heer H. , Kosgei Abigael J. , Miller William R. , Tran Truc T. , Arias Cesar A. , Shamoo Yousif
Published: July 2019

Daptomycin binds to bacterial cell membranes and disrupts essential cell envelope processes, leading to cell death. Bacteria respond to daptomycin by altering their cell envelopes to either decrease antibiotic binding to the membrane or by diverting binding away from septal targets. In
Enterococcus faecalis
, daptomycin resistance is typically coordinated by the three-component cell envelope stress response system, LiaFSR.
Outer Membrane Interaction Kinetics of New Polymyxin B Analogs in Gram-Negative Bacilli
Authors: Akhoundsadegh Noushin , Belanger Corrie R. , Hancock Robert E. W.
Published: July 2019

Infections caused by drug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli are a severe global health threat, limiting effective drug choices for treatment. In this study, polymyxin analogs designed to have reduced nephrotoxicity, direct activity, and potentiating activity were assessed for inhibition and outer membrane interaction kinetics against wild-type (WT) and polymyxin or multidrug-resistant (MDR)
Escherichia coli
,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
,
Acinetobacter baumannii
, and
Klebsiella pneumoniae
.
Plantibacter flavus, Curtobacterium herbarum, Paenibacillus taichungensis, and Rhizobium selenitireducens Endophytes Provide Host-Specific Growth Promotion of Arabidopsis thaliana, Basil, Lettuce, and Bok Choy Plants
Authors: Mayer Evan , Dörr de Quadros Patricia , Fulthorpe Roberta
Published: July 2019

The discovery of new plant growth-promoting bacteria is necessary for the continued development of biofertilizers, which are environmentally friendly and cost-efficient alternatives to conventional chemical fertilizers. Biofertilizer effects on plant growth can be inconsistent due to the complexity of plant-microbe interactions, as the same bacteria can be beneficial to the growth of some plant species and neutral or detrimental to others. We examined a set of bacterial endophytes isolated from plants growing in a unique petroleum-contaminated environment to discover plant growth-promoting bacteria. We show that strains of
Plantibacter flavus
exhibit strain-specific plant growth-promoting effects on four different plant species.
Contribution of σ
70
and σ
N
Factors to Expression of Class II
pilE
in Neisseria meningitidis
Authors: Lobanovska Mariya , Tang Christoph M. , Exley Rachel M.
Published: July 2019

The type four pilus (Tfp) of
Neisseria meningitidis
contributes to fundamental processes such as adhesion, transformation, and disease pathology. Meningococci express one of two distinct classes of Tfp (class I or class II), which can be distinguished antigenically or by the major subunit (
pilE
) locus and its genetic context. The factors that govern transcription of the class II
pilE
gene are not known, even though it is present in isolates that cause epidemic disease. Here we show that the transcription of class II
pilE
is maintained throughout growth and under different stress conditions and is driven by a σ
70
-dependent promoter. This is distinct from Tfp regulation in nonpathogenic
Neisseria
spp. and may confer an advantage during host-cell interaction and infection.
The Role of
fosA
in Challenges with Fosfomycin Susceptibility Testing of Multispecies Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase-Producing Clinical Isolates
Authors: Elliott Zachary S. , Barry Katie E. , Cox Heather L. , Stoesser Nicole , Carroll Joanne , Vegesana Kasi , Kotay Shireen , Sheppard Anna E. , Wailan Alex , Crook Derrick W. , Parikh Hardik , Mathers Amy J.
Published: July 2019

With multidrug-resistant (MDR)
Enterobacterales
on the rise, a nontoxic antimicrobial agent with a unique mechanism of action such as fosfomycin seems attractive. However, establishing accurate fosfomycin susceptibility testing for non-
Escherichia coli
isolates in a clinical microbiology laboratory remains problematic. We evaluated fosfomycin susceptibility by multiple methods with 96 KPC-producing clinical isolates of multiple strains and species collected at a single center between 2008 and 2016.
Evaluation of Empiric β-Lactam Susceptibility Prediction among
Enterobacteriaceae
by Molecular β-Lactamase Gene Testing
Authors: Spafford Kyle , MacVane Shawn , Humphries Romney
Published: July 2019

The use of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for blood cultures has become standard of care in the United States to inform early antimicrobial optimization. The relative ability of genotypic and phenotypic approaches to identify beta-lactam susceptibility in
Escherichia coli
,
Klebsiella
spp., and
Proteus mirabilis
was evaluated, using incidence rates of resistance mechanisms to third-generation cephalosporins, aztreonam, and piperacillin-tazobactam seen across U.S. census regions.
Human APOBEC3G Prevents Emergence of Infectious Endogenous Retrovirus in Mice
Authors: Treger Rebecca S. , Tokuyama Maria , Dong Huiping , Salas-Briceno Karen , Ross Susan R. , Kong Yong , Iwasaki Akiko
Published: July 2019

Although APOBEC3 proteins are known to be important antiviral restriction factors in both mice and humans, their roles in the restriction of endogenous retroviruses (ERV) have been limited to
in vitro
studies. Here, we report that human APOBEC3G expressed as a transgene in mice prevents the emergence of infectious ERV from endogenous loci. This study reveals that APOBEC3G can powerfully restrict active retrotransposons
in vivo
and demonstrates how transgenic mice can be used to investigate host mechanisms that inhibit retrotransposons and reinforce genomic integrity.
Globoside Is Dispensable for Parvovirus B19 Entry but Essential at a Postentry Step for Productive Infection
Authors: Bieri Jan , Ros Carlos
Published: July 2019

Globoside has long been considered the primary receptor of B19V. However, its expression does not correlate well with B19V binding and uptake and cannot explain the pathogenesis or the remarkable narrow tissue tropism of the virus. By using a knockout cell line, we demonstrate that globoside does not have the expected function as a cell surface receptor required for B19V entry, but it has an essential role at a postentry step for productive infection. This finding explains the natural resistance to infection associated with individuals lacking globoside, contributes to a better understanding of B19V restricted tropism, and offers novel strategies for the development of antiviral therapies.
Enterococcus faecalis CRISPR-Cas Is a Robust Barrier to Conjugative Antibiotic Resistance Dissemination in the Murine Intestine
Authors: Price Valerie J. , McBride Sara W. , Hullahalli Karthik , Chatterjee Anushila , Duerkop Breck A. , Palmer Kelli L.
Published: July 2019

CRISPR-Cas is a type of immune system in bacteria that is hypothesized to be a natural impediment to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes. In this study, we directly assessed the impact of CRISPR-Cas on antibiotic resistance dissemination in the mammalian intestine and under different
in vitro
conditions. We observed a robust effect of CRISPR-Cas on
in vivo
but not
in vitro
dissemination of antibiotic resistance plasmids in the native mammalian intestinal colonizer
Enterococcus faecalis
. We conclude that standard
in vitro
experiments currently do not appropriately model the
in vivo
conditions where antibiotic resistance dissemination occurs between
E. faecalis
strains in the intestine. Moreover, our results demonstrate that CRISPR-Cas present in native members of the mammalian intestinal microbiota can block the spread of antibiotic resistance plasmids.