bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure–function analysis of the nsp14 N7–guanine methyltransferase reveals an essential role inBetacoronavirusreplication
Authors: Ogando Natacha S. , El Kazzi Priscila , Zevenhoven-Dobbe Jessika C. , Bontes Brenda W. , Decombe Alice , Posthuma Clara C. , Thiel Volker , Canard Bruno , Ferron François , Decroly Etienne , Snijder Eric J.
Published: November 2021

Significance

The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic emphasizes the urgent need to develop efficient broad-spectrum anti-CoV drugs. The structure–function characterization of conserved CoV replicative enzymes is key to identifying the most suitable drug targets. Using a multidisciplinary comparative approach and different betacoronaviruses, we characterized the key conserved residues of the nsp14 (N7-guanine)–methyltransferase, a poorly defined subunit of the CoV messenger RNA–synthesizing machinery. Our study highlights the unique structural features of this enzyme and establishes its essential role in betacoronavirus replication, while identifying two residues that are critical for the replication of the four betacoronaviruses tested, including SARS-CoV-2.
Thermal conditions predict intraspecific variation in senescence rate in frogs and toads
Authors: Cayuela Hugo , Lemaître Jean-François , Muths Erin , McCaffery Rebecca M. , Frétey Thierry , Le Garff Bernard , Schmidt Benedikt R. , Grossenbacher Kurt , Lenzi Omar , Hossack Blake R. , Eby Lisa A. , Lambert Brad A. , Elmberg Johan , Merilä Juha , Gippet Jérôme M. W. , Gaillard Jean-Michel , Pilliod David S.
Published: November 2021

Significance

Using long-term demographic studies, we showed that warmer temperatures are associated with increased senescence rates and decreased lifespans in four amphibian species that are widely distributed across two continents (North America and Europe). Our study highlights the role of changing climatic conditions in the aging of ectotherms in the context of global warming.
Fertilization Rate of Giant Grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus, Bloch 1790) Sperm Post-cryopreservation and Application on Hybridization in Different Grouper Species
Authors: Widyaningsih W , Abinawanto  , Susandi D
Published: November 2021

Fertilization was doing to measure the success of sperm cryopreservation because it was more informative. Sperm cryopreservation was expected to get sperm that successfully fertilize the egg well. The aim of this study was to determine the sperm fertilization ability of giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus, Bloch 1790) 48 hours post-cryopreservation in fertilizing tiger grouper eggs (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, Forskal 1775). Fertilization was carried out artificially using cryopreservation sperm with 6% of glycerol and palm dates concentrates (0%; 5%; 10%; 15%; 20%; and 25%). The tiger grouper brood was previously injected with hormone chorionic gonadotropin at a dose of 500 IU/kg. The results showed that there were significant differences (P < 0.05) on fertilization of tiger grouper eggs with sperm of giant grouper which were cryopreserved with 6% of glycerol and various concentrations of palm date concentrates. Sperm which was cryopreserved with 6% of glycerol and 10% of palm date concentrate has the best fertility ability by showing the highest value of 66.25 ± 3.23%.
The compatibility of the triple-a agri-food supply chain with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Kontopanou M , Tsoulfas G T , Rachaniotis N P
Published: November 2021

The triple-a supply chain model focuses on ensuring the agility, adaptability, and alignment of the supply chains in order to develop a sustainable competitive advantage. These characteristics have extended the supply chain desired traits from just being cost-effective and responsive. The agri-food supply chains include a diverse range of products, which differentiate in various aspects such as processing, life-cycle, seasonality, vulnerability, etc. These characteristics lead to different supply chain typologies and various requirements for synergies among stakeholders in order to meet these objectives. The situation gets even more complicated when sustainability objectives enter into the supply chain design and operation process. The scope of this paper is to analyze and assess the compatibility of the triple-a agri-food supply chain with the UN sustainable development goals and outline the interventions that could facilitate decision-making concerning the design and operation of sustainable agri-food supply chains.
The impact of climate change to occupational safety and health: future projections of thermal discomfort (humidex index) in the West Attica region
Authors: Katopodis T , Mouzakitis Y , Adamides E D
Published: November 2021

There is a growing concern on the implications of climate change on thermal stress, which in turn may affect workspace morale and performance, leading to lower productivity, or even posing a higher risk for employee’s health. In this paper, we study this aspect of climate change providing evidence on future projections of the Humidex Index (HI) for the West Attica Region, an overpopulated and industrialized area of Greece, which holds the World Meteorological Organization record for the highest temperature ever recorded in Europe. The current study is based on the use of the high resolution Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) regional climate model to determine changes in the trends of extreme heat conditions under future scenarios analysis. Projections of future climate regional analysis for the mid-twenty-first century (2021-2045) indicate an increase in the yearly/daily values of maximum air temperatures (Τmax) and HI index values. In addition, the analysis reveal shorter return periods for the specific design thresholds of Tmax and of the HI index as associated with an increase in the number of events above thresholds for both RCPs 4.5 and 8.5 W/m2 future scenarios. The anticipated (extreme) heat conditions expose the occupational safety and health (OSH) at high risk, and the paper provide suggestions for applied interventions in the direction of a safer working environment.
Biomass residues adjacent forest roads in two different forest species (Fagus sylvativa and Pinus brutia): quantities and evaluation of their biogas production potential
Authors: Kantartzis A , Daoutis C , Eftaxias A , Arabatzis G , Diamantis V
Published: November 2021

In this study the quantity of biomass residues accumulated at a low-altitude Mediterranean forest (pinusandfagusclusters) were evaluated under field conditions. Samples of fresh and dry leaves (litter) were digested in batch anaerobic reactors to evaluate their biogas production potential. The quantity of pine needles andfagusleaves accumulated onto the forest carpet was on average 670 and 1440 g/m2, respectively and they were characterized by a low moisture content (10-11%). The biogas production potential was 100 and 150 L/kg volatile solids forpinusandfaguslitter respectively (compared to 140 and 300 L/kg VS for the fresh pine needles andfagusleaves). The data from both field and laboratory studies were used to calculate the biogas yield per km of forest road, if the collected biomass is disposed of to an anaerobic digestion facility. The conceptual model applied revealed that it is possible to recover up to 500 and 1000 m3CH4/ km, from thepinusandfagusclusters respectively. Concluding, pine needles andfagusleaves are important resources and can be efficiently used for energy production in anaerobic digestion facilities.
Environmental and social impacts of Aposelemis dam (Crete, Greece) according to lakeside population’s perception
Authors: Vogiatzi C , Loupasakis C , Makaki I
Published: November 2021

The current research investigates the environmental and social impact observed today within the vicinity of the Aposelemis dam in NE Crete, Greece. The areas investigated consist of the two adjacent villages of the reservoir, namely; Potamies and Avdou village, respectively downstream and upstream of the dam structure and lake. The research was based on local stakeholders’ opinion, observation and perception, and was conducted through semi-interviews based on a detailed multiple-choice questionnaire format. The present investigation, as a continuation of our former research (presented at ICED2020), examines the environmental and social impact from a different perspective, and focuses exclusively on narrow dam region, attempting to explore current impacts as well as any observed differences between the upstream and downstream village. Provided the intense objections of local communities in the past, presently expressed local opinion is also investigated. The public acceptance of potential hypothetical scenarios concerning area’s future exploitation is moreover explored. The investigation concluded in groundwater resources quantity differentiation between the upstream and downstream area, and also in evaluation differences concerning opinion about everyday life, landscape and the project itself. Current investigation’s results set the basis for management towards sustainability, with emphasis on the environmental and social aspects of the term.
Overview of a method for lighting the facades of historic buildings by considering light pollution as a design factor
Authors: Tomasovits M , Balafoutis T , Doulos L T , Zerefos S
Published: November 2021

The objective of this research is the study of lighting the facades of historic buildings having as an orientation the reduction of dire effects of light pollution on the environment and humans. Lighting is an important way of underlining characteristics of historic buildings, such as beauty and identity, which form part of our cultural heritage. Scientists have outlined the effects of light pollution on the environment and people and therefore the lighting designer should apply efficient lighting design proposals that are environmentally and human friendly, according to the architecture of a building. This research proposes a methodology for calculating the levels of light pollution that are caused by different exterior lighting scenarios for historic buildings.
Participatory process in environmental monitoring design: examples from the Port of Limassol
Authors: Abualhaija R , Hayes D , Reodica J , Pieri T , Michaelides M
Published: November 2021

Sea transport and seaborne trade have increased significantly in the past few decades. As sea traffic hubs, ports have high risks because of the limitation in manoeuvrability, number of vessels, and land-based port activities. In the coastal city of Limassol, water and air pollution has been anecdotally attributed to port activities. The STEAM project (Sea Traffic Management in the Eastern Mediterranean, INTEGRATED/0916/0063, [1]) aims to set up a monitoring plan to aid in the identification and mitigation of pollution sources. The project followed a participatory process, where port stakeholders and scientists were consulted and included in the ideation, design and implementation process. This participatory process developed a greater sense of stakeholder ownership in the environmental monitoring programs and facilitated their adoption. According to the consultation process, air and water quality are the most important factors to monitor. Five static and one mobile multi-sensor monitoring stations make up the air quality monitoring design for the Port of Limassol. Three air quality stations were installed within the port area along with two stations near the anchorage area. Two environmental data buoys and two oil detectors make up the water quality monitoring stations. The oil detectors will be placed within the port. One environmental data buoy will be placed downstream of the port, while the second buoy will be placed between the port entrance, the Limassol Marina and the anchorage area.
Citizen opinions on the organization of a smart city for housing, urban structures, and quality of life: The case of Kos Island, Greece
Authors: Andreou Marietta , Manika Stella
Published: November 2021

The growing urban population worldwide and the consequent need to improve urban dwellers’ living conditions have increased the research interest in issues related to urban development and their ability to manage emerging challenges. In this context, it is observed that the concept of the smart city includes perspectives that may help modern cities face their problems, especially as cities are being shaped and intensified, for example, due to the current situation of the COVID pandemic crisis. This paper attempts to highlight the characteristics of the smart city with an emphasis on the following triptych: housing, urban environment structures, and quality of life. To achieve its goal, the paper, through pilot research in a representative small-sized Greek city (study area, island of Kos), evaluates whether the smart city characteristics have been met successfully and then it investigates the perceptions of Kos inhabitants regarding the quality-of-life benefits resulting from the model of a smart city. To achieve this, it collects quantitative data through questionnaires in the study area. The results of the analysis can be used as a basis to help a city to become a smart city.
Analysis of the impact of tourism flows on environmental degradation. Case study: Municipality of Naxos & Small Cyclades, Greece
Authors: Verikokkou A , Kaika D , Milioti C
Published: November 2021

From the 19th century until nowadays, tourism is an enormously evolving activity. In recent years, tourism has become the main economic activity in Greece that boosts the local economy of the country. The present study deals with the environmental impacts of tourism. The aim is to delve the correlation between tourism flows and environmental degradation, especially in the Municipality of Naxos & Small Cyclades in Greece which in recent years has become an attractive tourist destination. For the purpose of the study, appropriate monthly data on environmental degradation are collected and are correlated with monthly flows of tourism during the last years for the Municipality of Naxos & Small Cyclades. The collected data refer to the number of visitors (by plane and ship), their overnight stays in tourist accommodations, waste production, energy consumption, water consumption and quality of sea water for swimming. According to results, during the period of increased tourism flows in the Municipality of Naxos & Small Cyclades (almost triple the permanent population of the Municipality), indices of burden such as energy consumption and production, water consumption and amount of waste generated, are increasing. Also, the quality of sea water for swimming is marginally burdened.
Optimization of an online shared freight transportation service platform with the use of Conjoint Analysis
Authors: Nalmpantis Dimitrios , Genitsaris Evangelos , Amprasi Vasiliki , Akac Attila , Anagnostopoulou Afroditi
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this paper is the optimization of an online shared freight transportation service platform with the use of Conjoint Analysis for the region of Balkan – Mediterranean. A Choice-Based Conjoint analysis was performed amongst the partners of the INTERREG Balkan-Med SCOPE project in order to optimize such a platform which is under development in the frame of the project. The results show that the best possible configuration of the platform should be offered at least in the local language, on a website, in the form of an auction platform, the charging should be done per shipment, and its range should be European / international. Moreover, selecting the right levels for each attribute is of crucial importance for the success of a freight transportation service platform, as the best configuration has a market share that is above 100% of the second-best configuration, according to the market simulation that was performed. Therefore, tools as Conjoint Analysis should be incorporated in the planning and design of such products in order to have the best marketable results for shippers, carriers, and consumers; a product that is customized according to their needs and preferences.
Micromobility in Thessaloniki, Greece, and Madrid, Spain: a comparative study
Authors: Alevras Dimitrios , Zinas Dimitrios , Palantzas Georgios , Genitsaris Evangelos , Nalmpantis Dimitrios
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this paper is to present the benefits, risks, problems, and ways to improve the service of Lime S electric scooters (e-scooters) in the cities of Thessaloniki, Greece, and Madrid, Spain. The aim of the paper is to present the service’s transportation benefits and to investigate the improvement rate it has offered in urban transport in these major cities. The methodology used is a literature review together with a questionnaire survey, which was distributed via the Internet to users of the service in the two cities. The content of the questions mainly focuses on the reasons why they use e-scooters, how happy they are with the service they are provided, and the ways in which it could be improved. Finally, we conclude that the more the Lime S service operates, the more the acceptance of the citizens of both cities it gains. Users respect the ease and speed of the travel they are provided, as well as the ecological character of the company. We can also see a demand for improving the service, both in the area of security, e.g., making helmets mandatory (≈57%), and in the legislative framework regulating its operation, e.g., compulsory ride on bicycle lanes (≈36%) and imposing age restrictions (≈29%). It is certain that in addition to the responsibility of the company for the users, the states and the users’ responsibilities are also important in order to ensure better and safer travels.
A comparative study of the performance of zinc oxide and iron oxide doped-zinc oxide photocatalysts toward the oxidization of phenol under UV-radiation and sunlight
Authors: Karavasilis M V , Theodoropoulou M A , Tsakiroglou C D
Published: November 2021

In the present work, a comparative analysis of the photocatalytic degradation of phenol, was done for two different types of immobilized photocatalytic nanoparticles immobilized on 5mm sodalime beads by a facile and cost-effective method: (1) Zinc oxide (ZnO) and (2) Iron doped Zinc Oxide (Fe-ZnO). Tests of phenol degradation by using the immobilized catalyst were conducted in batch photoreactors under UVA light of 22W and summertime sunlight. These tests allowed us to evaluate the phenol degradation rate and photocatalyst durability under controlled conditions.
Selection of maize genotypes for drought tolerance improvement
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad , Suwarno Willy Bayuardi , Azrai Muhammad
Published: November 2021

Climate change alters crop production in tropical and subtropical regions, and drought is a big challenge in maize production nowadays and near future. Breeding drought-tolerant varieties is important to keep production stability and food security. This research was undertaken to evaluate agronomic performance and yield potential of several maize genotypes in a drought stress environment, and to identify potential genotypes for further utilization in a maize breeding program. The experiment was conducted using an augmented design with 370 test genotypes and 6 checks at Sukoharjo Village, Kediri, East Java, from September 2014 to January 2015. The plants suffered from drought stress in the pre-anthesis period. Results of the analysis of variance showed that the effect of genotype is significant on grain yield, ear yield, plant height, and ear height. Linear correlation analysis showed that grain yield is negatively correlated with leaf senescence. Selection for tolerant genotypes was conducted using selection index and cluster analysis. Line 249 and 252 are considered potential for subsequent breeding processes because they have similar traits with a formerly known drought-tolerant variety, namely Bima 19URI.
Classifying cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) clones based on principal component analysis of specific characters for use as selection criteria
Authors: Laila Fadhillah , Zanetta Chindy Ulima , Karuniawan Agung , Waluyo Budi
Published: November 2021

There is an abundance of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) genetic resources in Indonesia, and the local accessions are inseparable from the community of Indonesia. Several of the cultivars have cultural significance and over time have been bred for specific uses and products. The specific use and combination of traits encourages the use of local cultivars or aims for genetic improvement of the local cultivars. The objective of this study was to measure character variability and to categorize cassava clones based on specific characteristics to better inform selection criteria. A total of 156 cassava clones collected from all over Indonesia were evaluated along with three clones of the local cultivar Jatinangor as checks. This is basic research, so the data information can be a complement to the cassava germplasm in Indonesia. The experiment was performed as an augmented block design. The variability of characteristics was analyzed using principal components analysis with a Pearson correlation. Grouping of clones was accomplished using a symmetric biplot function. Three first principal components contributed to the maximum variability of cassava by 87.85 %, and characters that contributed variability had factor loadings>0.6. Having variability in characteristics suggests that there is an opportunity for performance-based clone selection. In this study,nine cassava clones with desirable trait combinations were identified based on PCA, of which four were identified as the best performing clones.
Classification of maize genotype using logistic regression
Authors: Arief Subchan M. , Andayani N.N.
Published: November 2021

Characterization of maize plants is among the pre-requested document prior to release to the public in Indonesia. Characterization of maize genotype involves various parameters includes agronomic parameters, yield and yield components. Characterization is generally carried out by professionals because it requires special skills in identifying genotypes based on their specific characters. The objective of the study was to classify the genotypes of corn plants based on the characters of the ear and kernel using a logistic regression model. The research was conducted at IP2TP Bajeng in 2020 by planting 4 genotypes, namely DYM-15, N 79, Mal 03 and G102612. A total of 100 plants per genotype were planted for cob characterization. Data analysis was done by using open-source software, Orange Software. The results indicated that the logistic regression model had a very good performance in classifying maize genotypes with an accuracy of > 98%. The values of the five parameters used to access the accuracy of the model are AUC=1.0, CA=0.99, F1=0.99, precision=0.99, recall=0.99. This value indicates that the use of IT-based tools can correctly classifying genotypes with high accuracy and consistency of results. Thus, digital based model can be integrated with manual selection for fast and precise grading of maize genotypes for maintaining seed quality.
Performance of six new superior varieties of rice on tidal swamp-land in South Kalimantan Province
Authors: Hasbianto Agus , Ningsih Rina Dirgahayu , Amin Muhammad , Yasin Muhammad , Noor Aidi
Published: November 2021

Rice is the staple food for millions of people of Indonesia which produced from many agroecology including tidal-swamp. The contribution of swampland to the national rice production is still lower than 2%. One of the indigenous knowledge of the tidal-swamp farmers is the massive use of local varieties which have low yield. Therefore, efforts to increase rice production in tidal-swampland of Barito Kuala Regency should consider the use of superior varieties. The purpose of this study was to find out performance of seven superior varieties in tidal-swamp land in two planting seasons. This research was conducted from March 2020 to March 2021 in Karang Buah Village of Belawang District of Barito Kuala Regency, South Kalimantan Province. The research was arranged in two factors of Randomized Complete Block Design namely varieties and seasons. The first factor consisted of seven varieties: Inpari-42 (V1), Inpari-43 (V2), Inpari IR Nutri Zinc (V3), Inpara-8 (V4), Inpara-9 (V5), Inpara-10 (V6), and IR-42 (V7). The second factor, season consisted of season-1 which started from March to July 2020 and season-2 for planting period from November 2020 to March 2021. The result showed that swamp rice varieties had higher value for plant height variables than those of irrigated rice varieties with Inpari-8 as the highest one. However, all irrigated rice varieties performed better which had higher value for panicle number, filled rice grain, and yield with IR-42 as the highest one. All varieties except IR-42 showed higher values of filled grain numbers when cultivated in season-1 supported by good weather during the study.
Effectiveness and recommendation of NPK-compound fertilization on maize
Authors: Syafruddin  , Herawati  , Abdullah Angriana , Azrai Muhammad , Meida Insiyah , Sulastri
Published: November 2021

The development of maize plants in the wet tropics was experiencing problems due to a lack of nutrients, especially N, P, and K, so that to get optimal yield, additional nutrients are needed through NPK fertilization. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of fertilizers and provide recommendations for the appropriate dose of compound NPK fertilization (formulation 15:15:15, 20:10,10, and 15:8:10) to increase production, farming efficiency, and income of maize farmers. This research was conducted at the Experimental Farm of Indonesian cereal Research Institute, Maros from June until October 2020. This research was arranged in randomized block design with three replication. The treatment consists of five NPK- compound fertilizers with two doses of NPK+ urea combination. The comparisons were Urea (control) and Urea + SP36+KCl (standard). The results of this research were all formulations of NPK compound fertilizers (15:15:15, 20:10:10, and 15:8:10) deserve to be recommended for maize. Recommendations for applying NPK 15:15:15 compound fertilizer to maize plants are 450 kg/ha combined with 250 kg urea/ha with a yield probability of 12 t/ha. The recommendation for applying 20:10:10 NPK compound fertilizer to maize was 350 kg/ha + 200 kg urea with a yield probability of ±11 t/ha. The recommendation for giving NPK 15:8:10 compound fertilizer for maize was 450 kg/ha combined with 250 kg urea/ha with a yield probability of 11 t/ha.
Adaptation of superior maize varieties high yield and biomass the availability of animal feed
Authors: Erawati Baiq Tri Ratna , Triguna Yanti , Hipi Awaludin , Widiastuti Eka
Published: November 2021

Maize is the second important commodity after rice in Indonesia. The application of high yielding varieties is one of the best strategies to increase productivity in maize development areas. The aim of the study was to obtain superior varieties with the highest yield potential and biomass to increase productivity and its availability as animal feed. The research was conducted in Pringgabaya district, East Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara from April to June 2020. The field experiment used a randomized block design with treatment of 8 hybrid varieties, where six new superior varieties (Bima-14, Bima 20, HJ-21, JH-27, JH-37, Nasa-29) and two comparison varieties (Bisi-2 and Pioner 21), each treatment was repeated four times. The results showed that there were 3 high yielding hybrid maize varieties, namely JH-37 (8.43 t/ha), Nasa-29 (8.35 t/ha) and HJ-21 (8.15 t/ha) significantly differ from other varieties. For the highest biomass potential, there are 3 superior varieties of hybrid maize, namely HJ-21 (4.82 t/ha), Bima-20 (4.69 t/ha) and JH-27 (4.56 t/ha). High yielding hybrid maize varieties that available as animal feed were JH 37, Nasa-29 and HJ-21.
The effect of sulphur and lime dosage application on grain yield of hybrid maize
Authors: Tabri F. , Syafruddin  , Aqil M. , Herawati
Published: November 2021

The preparation of the Method for Determining Fertilizer S Recommendations for Maize based on Soil Analysis and Yield has been carried out at the Bontobili Installation, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi, from February 2020 to May 2020. The purpose of this experiment is to find out S fertilizer recommendations based on soil analysis. The pH of the study site was <6.5, and to make a difference in soil pH, it was incubated with lime 2 t/ha to raise the pH to neutral and 4 t/ha to obtain a pH >7.5. For each soil pH condition treatment was made using a split plot group design. The main plots were given agricultural lime at a rate of 0, 200kg/ha, 400 kg/ha and 600 kg/ha.. While the sub-plots were fertilized with S, namely: 0.20,40,60,80, kg S with 3 (three) replications. All treatments will be fertilized with N and P based on soil analysis. The highest yield was obtained with lime and S fertilizer at the dose of K3S60 (600 kg/ha lime and 60 t/ha S fertilizer) showing the highest yield of 10.81 t/ha and not significantly different from the K3S80 treatment (600 t/ha lime). and fertilizer S 80 kg/ha) which is 10.64 t/ha.
Evaluating the implementation of fertilizer-based decision support systems to increase yield productivity and efficiency of irrigated rice farming in West Java
Authors: Sembiring Hasil , Patriyawaty Nia Romania , Nugraha Dedi , Ramadhan Rizky Prayogo , Purwanto Oky Dwi , Erythrina  , Subekti Nuning Argo , Susilowati
Published: November 2021

Nutrient management and fertilizer application are paramount elements for increasing rice productivity. However, most of farmers are still applying fertilizer in an improper way and hence economic benefit of the yield remain low. The objective of this study was to examine various fertilizer recommendations and hence the best and efficient dose of fertilizer can be obtain to increase growth and yield of rice. This experiment was conducted in farmers irrigated lowland Sukabumi, West Java in dry season 2019. The material used was high yielding IR-64 rice variety subjected to six fertilizer recommendation, namely urea only (A), LKP (B), factory’s recommendation (C), PUTS, (D), KATAM (E) and farmer’s practice (F). This experiment was arranged in randomized block design (RBD) with four replications. The quantitative morphological and physiological traits and financial analysis were observed. The result showed that fertilizer significantly affected morphological, physiological parameters and grain yield of rice. PUTS and KATAM (9,7t/ha) treatments had higher grain yield compared to other treatments. Fertilizer by farmer’s practice tended lower in morphological, physiological and grain yield responses compared to other fertilizer recommendation. Similar pattern showed for yield components such as panicle number, grains number and % empty grain were also affected by fertilizer recommendation. Based on the financial analysis that treatment with LKP fertilizer recommendation had higher profit (75.61%) compared with farmer’s practice. That treatment can reduce fertilizer costs by 61.57%, can increase revenue by 14.04% and give a profit of Rp. 5,580,969,-.
Assessment of maize-peanut intercropping and its potential waste usage for cattle feed in dry land
Authors: Adijaya I N , Budiari N L G , Yasa I M R , Sari A R K , Silitonga T F
Published: November 2021

Intercropping planting system is one of methods to enhance the land productivity. The maize and peanut crops waste has high beneficial to farmers for cattle feed. The study of maize and peanut crops intercropping has been conducted in May-August 2020. Study was arranged by using Randomized Complete Block Design with 5 treatments and replicated for 8 times. Treatments examined were P1: Srikandi Kuning maize variety cultivated by monoculture planting system; P2: Nasa 29 maize variety cultivated by monoculture; P3: Peanut crop cultivated by monoculture; P4: Srikandi Kuning and peanut crop cultivated by intercropping; P5: Nasa 29 and peanut crop cultivated by intercropping. Variables observed were growth and yield components and analysed by analysis of variance and advanced tested by LSD at 5%. To know the land productivity, the calculation ofLand Equivalent Ratio(LER) was done meanwhile theIndex of Plant Competition(IPC) also was calculated to know the plant competition level. Results showed that the peanut crop productivity by intercropping was decrease about 37.50%-38.79% compared to monoculture. Meanwhile, the productivity of Srikandi Kuning maize variety was also decrease due to the reducing of plant population. The intercropping of Srikandi Kuning and Nasa 29 variety with peanut crop enhance the LER became 1.02 and 1.03. The utilization of Nasa 29 maize variety by intercropping with peanut crop was better than Srikandi Kuning with the lower IPC namely 0.8932 meanwhile the IPC of Srikandi Kuning was 0.9270. The potential waste for cattle feed at maize crop plantation by monoculture was higher than intercropping with peanut crop and peanut crops by monoculture namely P3: 572 head/ha; P1: 500 head/ha; P5: 484 head/ha; P4: 454 head/day; P3: 288 head/day.
Influence of growth media and bulbil sizes on plant growth and corm yield of porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume)
Authors: Soedarjo M. , Sasmita P.
Published: November 2021

Porang (Amorphophallus muelleriBlume) is usually cultivated on the field under the tree as natural shading. Porang can also be grown on a pot containing limited amount of growth media. The present research work was carried to evaluate the minimum amount of growth media required for optimum growth and corm yield. The study used bulbils (10 g/bulbil and 20 g/bulbil) and corm (+ 15 g/corm) sown on growth media of 2.5 kg, 5.0 kg and 7.5 kg/pot as treatments. Each treatment was arranged in completely randomized design and was replicated 3 times. Plant height, plant diameter, shoot dry weight, diameter and thickness of corm and fresh weight of corm were measured to evaluate the influence of the treatments on growth and corm yield of porang. The plant growth of porang measured as plant height, plant diameter, shoot dry weight was improved when the planting materials were planted on bigger size of growth media. Bigger size of bulbil caused better growth of porang on each growth medium. The effect of plant materials and the size of growth media on porang growth was in parallel to its effect on corm yield measured as corm diameter, corm thickness and fresh weight of corm. The result of the present study suggests to use bigger bulbil and bigger size of growth media when planted on polyethylene bag. Corm as planting material was better than bulbil because less size of corm produced similar plant growth and corm yield compared to bigger size of bulbil. Therefore, the use of corm as planting material is more favorable to bulbil.
The effect of different substrates on oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) spawn growth
Authors: Muslimin R , Hartono H , Rachmawaty R , Ali A , Junda M , Pagarra H , Azis A A. , Muis A , Jumadi O
Published: November 2021

The study aimed to find alternative substrates for growing spawn of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with three compositions of substrates. The substrate compositions were: (1) Substrate A (corn 100%), (2) Substrate B (corn and sawdust mix in a ratio of (1:1, v/v)), and (3) Substrate C (corn and sawdust mix in a ratio of (3:1, v/v)). All compositions were replicated 18 times. The complete colonization (days) and mycelium growth rate (cm day−1) were recorded. Means were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and duncan test was performed if there were significant between the substrate compositions. The results showed that substrate C was the best substrate indicated with the fastest complete colonization of 14.17±0.92 and the highest growth rate of 0.85±0.06 cm day−1.
Effect of population density on growth and production of hybrid maize
Authors: Suwardi  , Syafruddin  , Aqil Muhammad , Efendi Roy , Bunyamin Z.
Published: November 2021

One of the strategies to increase maize production is by selecting the proper combination among variety and planting density. The plant density population experiment was carried out to identify the candidate of maize variety that has high productivity with limited sunlight levels. Our hypothesis was how the erect leaf maize type can get optimal sunlight and affect the productivity. The study was conducted in IP2TP Bajeng, Gowa, South Sulawesi from March to June 2020. This study was designed under split plot design where spacing or plant density as the main plot with 3 levels of treatment (70 cm x 20 cm (population 71,428 plants/ha), 60 cm x 20 cm (population 83,333 plants/ha) and 50 cm x 20 cm (population 100,000 plants/ha). Furthermore, eight genotypes of hybrid maize (ERC 01, ERC 02, ERC 03, ERC 04, ERC 05, ERC 06, ERC 07, ERC 08), including control varieties (JH 45 and Pioneer 36) were treated as the sub-plots. The results indicated that the maize yield increase in line with the increase in plant population. The plant’s spacing of 70 x 20 cm with 100,000 plants/ha was produced 10.61 t/ha, significantly higher than other treatments.
Genotype resistance of hybrid corn varieties candidate against major corn diseases
Authors: Mirsam Hishar , Suriani  , Rahman Ayyub Ar , Pakki Syahrir , Azrai Muhammad , Prayitno Oky Dwi
Published: November 2021

The resistance level of several national superior corn varieties to the primary disease of corn is still varied and unstable. Therefore, evaluating the resistance of hybrid corn varieties candidate to the primary disease of corn is deemed necessary as an initial step in managing the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance reaction of the hybrid corn varieties candidate against the primary disease of corn. This study was conducted at two different locations. The first location was at the Agricultural Technology Research and Assessment Installation (ATRAI) of the Indonesian Cereals Research Institute in Bajeng District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi first, where the test for P. phillipinensis downy mildew, leaf blight, and leaf rust was conducted. The next location was at the ATRAI of Muneng of the Research Institute for Various Nuts and Tubers in Probolinggo, East Java, where the test for the P. maydis downy mildew was conducted. The tests were carried out using plants as the source of the test pathogen inoculum planted around the experimental block. The four corn genotypes tested were CHC1, CHC02, CHC3, CHC5, and CHC5. Meanwhile, the comparison varieties used were P36, Pertiwi-6, PAC339, BISI18, Anoman, and Pulut. The test results showed the two hybrid corn varieties candidate that were moderately resistant to P. philipinensis, namely CHC1 and CHC2, with attack intensities of 30.94% and 32.07%, respectively; one variety candidate resistant to P. maydis, namely CHC1 with an attack intensity of 15.92%. Meanwhile, the five hybrid corn varieties candidate, namely CHC1, CHC02, CHC3, CHC5, and CHC5, showed a moderately resistant reaction to maydis leaf blight and leaf rust with an attack intensity of 35%.
Foraging ability of maize weevil in several varieties under dark and light conditions
Authors: Sebayang Amelia , Arrahman Ayyub , Pakki Syahrir , Sudjak Saenong M.
Published: November 2021

Laboratory research to investigate the ability of maize weevil to find food source in the dark and light condition had been conducted in laboratory of pests and plan diseases of Indonesian Cereals Research Institute, Maros, South Sulawesi. This research was arranged in complete random design with three replications. There were six maize varieties put into small glasses and placed in circle within big jar and then invested with 100 heterogenous adult maize weevils in each jar. As a control, an empty glass was put in the center of glasses circle within the jar. Observation and calculation on living and dead maize weevils on each glass and outside glass was conducted with intervals of 24, 48 and 72 after maize weevil infestation. This research was performed in the light and dark condition. Result of the research showed that maize weevil ability to find their food sources was not determined by the light and dark. In addition, from this research, it was found that there were influence of corn variety as food resources, but this factor of variety as food resources needs to be examined further. The implication of this study are about the maize varieties attracted the weevil.
The incidence of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (FAW) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), a newly invasive corn pest in Indonesia
Authors: Kalqutny Septian Hary , Nonci Nurnina , Muis Amran
Published: November 2021

Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (FAO) (Lepidoptera; Pyralidae), is one of a newly Invasive armyworms on corn in Indonesia has been quickly spreading recently. S. frugiperda attack in Indonesia was first discovered in March 2019, in West Sumatra and Lampung. These pests have caused major damage on corn in the United States, which has become one of the important invasive pests that are polyphagous, however, its main host is corn. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of eggs, larvae, pupae and its adults’ stage, as well as the attacks, and the distribution area of Spodoptera frugiperda in Indonesia. Observations and sampling were carried out at locations affected by S. frugiperda attack from March 2019 to May 2020. The characteristics of eggs and larvae were observed in the laboratory using a stereomicroscope (Olympus SZX 12) while pupae, and the adult stage was observed visually. The field observations were carried out on 50 plant samples at each location, using the scouting method, the data collected were the number of larvae and the percentage of attacks. The S. frugiperda was observed placing the eggs in groups under the surface of the leaf, sometimes the eggs are covered with fine hairs. The defining characteristics of S. frugiperda larvae are the inverted Y shape on its caput, and four black dots on the eighth abdominal segment, and the larvae consisting of 5 stages of instars. These characteristics were found at all observation sites (West Sumatra, Lampung, South Sulawesi, South Kalimantan, and East Java. Based on field observations, it is known that S. frugiperda has spread and attacked several regions in Indonesia, namely: Sumatra, Kalimantan, Java and South Sulawesi, with an average between 1.26 - 3 individuals/plant and an average percentage of attacks between 60.12 - 87, 05%. In accordance with the development of FAW attacks in the field that are increasingly widespread, it is better to design and test to support a continuous FAW control program in accordance with IPM principles.
Compatibility of biocontrol agent formulas and synthetic fungicides in controlling maydis leaf blight on corn caused by Bipolaris maydis
Authors: Djaenuddin Nurasiah , Sebayang Amelia , Nonci Nurnina , Muis Amran
Published: November 2021

Maydis leaf blight caused by Bipolaris maydis is one of the limiting factors in increasing maize production. The application of biological control agents (BCAs) as a biopesticide to control pests and plant diseases expected to decrease synthetic fungicide usage and its impacts. Several researches showed that the formula of Bacillus subtilis biopesticide suppress the development of several plant diseases including maydis leaf blight in maize. Nevertheless, biological control agents cannot completely replace the need for chemical fungicides in the agro-ecosystem. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate the effect and compatibility of several synthetic fungicides with antagonistic bacterial formulas in controlling B. maydis on maize. Five types of synthetic active ingredients used were difenoconazole, propinep, fluopicolide, metalaxyl, and dimethomorph. From the results of laboratory tests, 3 types of active ingredients with the highest inhibitory effectiveness be selected for the field test. Field treatments were arranged using a Randomized Block Design with 2 factors, factor I was biological control agents with 2 levels (T0 = without biological control agents, T1 = with biological control agents) and factor II was synthetic fungicide with different active ingredients with 4 levels (S0 = no synthetic fungicide, S1=diphenoconazole, S2=propinep, S3 = fluopicolide). Each treatment combination was repeated 4 times. The result showed that all the synthetic fungicides tested were compatible with the biological control agent. Fungicide with active ingredient of diphenoconazole was the most compatible with the BCAs showing the lowest disease severity value of 27%, while control treatment conditions without BCAs was 72%.
Relationship analysis of farmers participation in agricultural extension with corn production levels in South Sulawesi
Authors: Yuniarsih E T , Andriyani I , Rahmatiah  , Halil W , Rahmi  , Anas S , Sunanto
Published: November 2021

Extension activities cannot be separated from the participation of farmers as objects. The success of the extension can be seen from the extent to which farmers apply what they get to the farm they manage and the extent to which the production results obtained from their farming. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between farmer participation in extension activities and maize production levels in South Sulawesi. This research was conducted in South Sulawesi Province, Jeneponto Regency and Gowa Regency. The data collected is primary data obtained from 40 corn farmers taken from 2 farmer groups. The data used are respondent characteristics, technology characteristics, farmer participation variables. Data analysis using descriptive analysis and Chi Square data analysis using SPSS program. Based on the results of the study, it was found that 58.1 percent of farmer characteristics had an effect on the level of corn production and there was a significant relationship between farmer participation in extension and corn production.
Sensory evaluation of panelists on biscuit products based on sorghum flour and corn bran flour
Authors: Tadju Rosna , Rosantty Erny , Buri Nanang , Antu Muhammad Yusuf
Published: November 2021

Biscuits are a popular snack food because taste delicious and varied. However, these biscuits need to be enriched with nutrients through the addition of a combination of sorghum flour and corn bran flour. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the sensory characteristics of the panelists on biscuit products based on sorghum flour and corn bran flour. The data analysis method used statistical tests Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with a combination of treatments sorghum flour 62% + corn bran flour 38% (P1), sorghum flour 72% + corn bran flour 28% (P2), and sorghum flour 83 % + corn bran flour 17% (P3). The variables observed were the sensory characteristics of the panelists including the texture, color, aroma, and taste of the product. Based on the sensory test of the biscuit panelists with a combination of sorghum flour and corn bran flour, it affected the texture, color, aroma, and taste of the resulting biscuit. P3 treatment with a combination of 83% sorghum flour + 17% corn bran flour was the preferred one from all sensory variables including texture, color, aroma, and taste.