bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Validation of Patient‐Specific Pressure Gradient Calculations for Iliac Artery Stenosis Severity Assessment
Authors: Heinen Stefan G. H. , van den Heuvel Daniel A.F. , Huberts Wouter , de Boer Sanne W. , van de Vosse Frans N. , Delhaas Tammo , de Vries Jean‐Paul P. M.
Published: December 2017

Background

Currently, the decision to treat iliac artery stenoses is mainly based on visual inspection of digital subtraction angiographies. Intra‐arterial pressure measurements can provide clinicians with accurate hemodynamic information. However, pressure measurements are rarely performed because of their invasiveness and the time required. Therefore, the aim of the study was to test the feasibility of a computational model that can predict translesional pressure gradients across iliac artery stenoses on the basis of imaging data only.

Methods and Results

Patients (N=21) with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease and a peak systolic velocity ratio between 2.5 and 5.0 were included in the study. Patients underwent per‐procedural 3‐dimensional rotational angiography and hyperemic intra‐arterial translesional pressure measurements. Vascular anatomical features were reconstructed from the 3‐dimensional rotational angiography data into an axisymmetrical 2‐dimensional computational mesh, and flow was estimated on the basis of the stenosis geometry. Computational fluid dynamics were performed to predict the pressure gradient and were compared with the measured pressure gradients. A good agreement by overlapping error bars of the predicted and measured pressure gradients was found in 21 of 25 lesions. Stratification of the stenosis on the basis of the predicted pressure gradient into hemodynamic not significant (<10 mm Hg) and hemodynamic significant (≥10 mm Hg) resulted in sensitivity, specificity, and overall predictive values of 95%, 60%, and 88%, respectively.

Conclusions

The feasibility of the patient‐specific computational model to predict the hyperemic translesional pressure gradient over iliac artery stenosis was successfully tested. Presented results suggest that, with further optimization and corroboration, the model can become a valuable aid to the diagnosis of equivocal iliac artery stenosis.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.trialregister.nl
. Unique identifier:
NTR
5085.
Forensic odontology
Authors: Robson John
Published: December 2017

Abstract: Forensic Odontology (or Forensic Dentistry) can be defined as the branch of dentistry that addresses the proper handling and examination of dental evidence and the evaluation and presentation of dental findings in the interests of justice. In the UK, this usually involves solicitors, barristers, coroners, coroner's officers and the police, and can require appearances and/or presentations and/or formal reports to Crown Courts, Magistrate's Courts, Coroner's Courts and occasionally Civil Courts. Forensic odontologists often work abroad and therefore must be adaptable to the demands and limitations of foreign jurisdictions in relation to international criminal proceedings, suspicious deaths and mass fatality events.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Forensic odontology depends on meticulous record-keeping and accuracy.
Management of enamel defects: a case report of identical twins with enamel defects of the permanent dentition
Authors: Chesterman James , Durey Kathryn
Published: December 2017

Abstract: Enamel defects have a wide range of aetiology and can be challenging to diagnose. Largely, the management of enamel defects is determined by the severity. As most patients with enamel defects present at a young age, conservative treatment is a priority. Nevertheless, indirect restorations have a role in restoring severely broken down teeth. This article discusses the diagnosis and management of identical twins with molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH). Many of the techniques discussed can be applied to a wide presentation of enamel defects and are not limited to the management of MIH.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: The restorative management of enamel defects can be challenging but priority should be given to conservative treatment techniques for young patients.
Tooth anatomy: A practical guide part 1: drawing posterior teeth
Authors: Mackenzie Louis
Published: December 2017

Abstract: Understanding the anatomy of anterior and posterior teeth is important as the main aims of restorative dentistry are to restore the form, function and the aesthetics of damaged teeth. The anatomy of individual teeth is complex and infinitely variable, making it difficult to learn and challenging to teach. As tooth anatomy programs often occur in the early part of pre-clinical training it may also be difficult for clinical students to recall anatomical principles and apply them later to restorative treatment.

This paper is the first of two describing an innovative method of teaching and learning tooth anatomy that includes a program of step-by-step drawing exercises. The posterior tooth drawing exercises described here and the anterior versions in part two were originally designed for undergraduates studying tooth anatomy for the first time. Since their inception these exercises have also proved popular with experienced clinicians aiming to refine their dental anatomical knowledge for application in restorative procedures.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Detailed understanding of tooth anatomy will help clinicians to plan, accurately and predictably, the restoration of posterior and anterior teeth.
The importance of communication in dentistry
Authors: Waylen Andrea
Published: December 2017

Abstract: Good communication between patient and dentist is associated with increased efficiency and more accurate diagnosis, improved patient outcomes and satisfaction and less likelihood of complaints or litigation. Communication is also a complex (and clinical) skill but, interestingly, its importance is not always accepted or valued, either by students or those with more experience.

The aim of this paper is to review the evidence about communication within the context of the dental setting. The need for good communication generally is considered, as is its role in managing anxious patients and in avoiding misunderstanding. Ways in which communication skills can be assessed and updated are also discussed.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Dentists who spend time communicating effectively with their patients and colleagues are likely to have better interpersonal relationships and a more satisfying working life. This, in turn, is likely to make consultations more efficient and improve patient outcomes.
Life, epidermolysis bullosa and chasing tornadoes
Authors: Hall Sam
Published: December 2017

It’s probably a parent’s worst nightmare. There is something wrong with your newborn baby and the doctors say they’ve never seen such a problem before and have no idea what is wrong. That is what happened when I was born on 10 June 1983.
A practitioner's guide to post-mortem examination of an aborted or stillborn calf
Authors: Mee John F
Published: December 2017

This article seeks to provide a brief go-to guide on how to conduct a field post mortem examination on a bovine aborted/stillborn fetus in three steps; external examination, internal examination and carcass sampling. Examination of the placenta and determination of the time and the cause/s of death are also discussed.
“Sonhos Tropicais”: uma leitura do cinema para a educação ambiental crítica
Authors: Cândido Tatiane Cristina Barbosa , Festozo Marina Battistetti , Nascimento Junior Antonio Fernandes
Published: December 2017

O processo de ensino e aprendizagem está sofrendo mudanças, principalmente com relação às metodologias utilizadas. Há uma demanda de metodologias novas, mais dialógicas e menos expositivas, nas quais os estudantes possam participar da construção do conhecimento e não apenas ser depósitos deste. Há uma lei que estabelece diretrizes e bases da educação brasileira, determinando que as escolas públicas exibam filmes de produção nacional. Diante dessa nova demanda, esta proposta visa construir conceitos de Educação Ambiental interligados com a Interdisciplinaridade, utilizando o filme “Sonhos Tropicais” como ferramenta pedagógica. O trabalho foi desenvolvido com os integrantes do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência - PIBID de Biologia, de uma Universidade Federal, considerando dois grupos: um com graduandos que estão há menos tempo no PIBID e ainda não realizaram atividades nas escolas e outro com graduandos que estão há mais tempo no programa e já realizaram atividades nas escolas. As reflexões dos grupos foram elaboradas após assistir ao filme, identificadas as primeiras impressões sobre o mesmo e após discussões e atividades de todo o grupo, debruçou-se sobre determinados aspectos presentes no filme. Através das análises foi possível identificar como a discussão é importante e pode contribuir para a visão crítica dos temas abordados pelo filme e também para alguns aspectos da formação continuada de professores, como o uso de metodologias como o cinema no ensino.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: educação ambiental, Cinema, interdisciplinaridade.
O ensino dos conceitos de solstício e equinócio e das estações do ano a partir do uso de gif como recurso didático
Authors: Sene Hélen Maria Mendes de , Andrade André Luiz Silva , Silva André Maciel da , Vera Jose Alberto Casto Nogales , Nascimento Junior Antonio Fernandes
Published: December 2017

A preocupação com a formação inicial de professores vem sendo crescente nos últimos tempos, podendo ser observada pela criação dos Programas Institucionais de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBIDs). Com isso, e o rápido avanço da mídia na atualidade, é importante considerarmos a inserção dela no ambiente escolar, utilizando essa grande ferramenta presente no dia a dia dos alunos a favor da educação. Uma maneira de responder a essa realidade é incorporar a mídia na formação inicial de professores, permitindo um contato mais aprofundado entre ambos, para que eles se tornem confiantes e aptos a utilizar a mídia como um recurso pedagógico. Já nas instituições escolares, há uma grande dificuldade pela maioria dos alunos em enxergar a ciência inserida no seu cotidiano, sendo assim, o uso da mídia como recurso pedagógico demonstra ter um grande potencial para sanar esse obstáculo enfrentado dentro da sala de aula, tornando possível aproximar o aluno do conteúdo científico. A partir dessa observação, foi desenvolvido um recurso didático durante a disciplina de Metodologia do Ensino de Ciências do curso de licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), com objetivo de construir uma estratégia pedagógica que contemple essa dimensão. Ainda no âmbito da disciplina, a estratégia foi apresentada e realizada com os alunos participantes da disciplina e também do (PIBID) de biologia, que a avaliaram. As falas dos participantes foram analisadas com base na literatura e trouxeram algumas questões como o desempenho dos licenciandos e a clareza de entendimento proporcionada pelos GIFs.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Formação Professores. GIFs. Ensino de Ciências. Mídia.
Aplicação de vinhaça na cana de açúcar em ambientes de cultivo da Alta Paulista
Authors: Nakayama Fernando Takayuki , Ferrari Samuel , Celestrino Thiago de Souza
Published: December 2017

A aplicação de fertilizantes garante maior produção e longevidade do canavial. O custo com adubação de implantação é diluído pela maior longevidade das soqueiras. A fertilidade do solo, a disponibilidade hídrica e variedades aptas, quando utilizados garantem aumentos na produção. O setor sucroalcooleiro gera resíduos orgânicos que retornam ao solo, representando uma importante reciclagem de nutrientes sendo a vinhaça o principal resíduo desta agroindústria. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento da cana-de-açúcar com a aplicação de vinhaça nos ambientes de cultivo de três municípios da região da Alta Paulista, realizando um estudo detalhado destacando a produtividade e produção de açúcar. Instalou-se nos municípios de Sagres, Bastos e Parapuã três áreas experimentais, utilizando o delineamento de blocos a acaso, submetidos a aplicação de vinhaça durante os anos de 2012 e 2013, sendo colhidas em 2013 e 2014. A aplicação de vinhaça não interferiu na produtividade de cana para o município de Bastos, em ambiente de produção B-C; Em ambiente de produção inferiores, nos municípios de Sagres e Parapuã, encontraram-se diferenças na produtividade para os anos de 2014 e 2013/14 respectivamente; Somente no ano de 2013 no município de Bastos foi encontrada diferença para ATR.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Aplicação vinhaça. Alta Paulista. Produtividade da cana de açúcar.
“A Era do Gelo – O Filme”: uma análise de seu potencial para o ensino de paleontologia
Authors: Rezende Richard Lima , Lourenço Camila Oliveira , Takayama Luíz Roberto , Nascimento Junior Antonio Fernandes
Published: December 2017

Este trabalho apresenta uma análise do filme “A Era do gelo” (2002) com o intuito de registrar o seu potencial para o ensino de paleontologia. Para isso, utilizou-se a metodologia de pesquisa qualitativa que é construída a partir da relação do objeto estudado e os indivíduos envolvidos, tendo base as experiências e criatividade do pesquisador. Assim, foram selecionados três elementos da animação: a era glacial que contextualiza o cenário da narrativa; os animais que apareceram durante as cenas e o homem que viveu nesta época. A partir disso, buscou-se discutir a relação do conteúdo das imagens com o referencial adotado. Concluiu-se que a era glacial da narrativa ocorreu há 18.000 anos e que a maior parte dos animais presentes no filme viveram durante este evento. Em se tratando de alguns personagens, uma problemática de coexistência temporal surgiu, como no caso dos integrantes da família Brontotheriidae e do esquilo Scrat, ambos, segundo o registro fossilífero, não existiram durante o período Pleistoceno. Além disso, a convivência espacial dos personagens principais com os Raphus cucullatus destacou outra problemática. Os R. cucullatus foram endêmicos de pequenas ilhas do oceano Índico ocidental. Em relação ao ser humano, este já existia nesta época e pôde ter convivido com a maior parte destes animais, pois se encontrava no continente americano há pelo menos 12 mil anos. Com isso, os elementos aqui apresentados sugerem que o recurso estudado pode ser uma ferramenta interessante para a construção de conhecimento científico no que diz respeito à Paleontologia.
Avaliação das concentrações de fósforo e nitrogênio e sua relação com pisciculturas em tanques-rede no Ribeirão Can-Can, no Reservatório de Ilha Solteira/SP.
Authors: Bernardi Iara , Carvalho Sérgio Luís de
Published: December 2017

O presente trabalho avaliou as concentrações de nitrogênio e fósforo no Ribeirão Can-Can, localizado no Reservatório de Ilha Solteira, município de Santa Clara D’Oeste-SP. No trecho de curso d’água estudado estão instaladas pisciculturas em tanques-rede, e para verificar a relação dos parâmetros com esta atividade foram realizadas coletas de amostras de água em pontos representativos no período de setembro de 2016 a março de 2017. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que as concentrações de fósforo estavam em desacordo com a legislação, em especial na estação de coleta a montante das atividades aquícolas no curso d’água.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Nutrientes. Piscicultura. Reservatório.
Um diálogo entre a Educação Ambiental Crítica e a formação continuada de professores em exercício: Um projeto do PIBID de biologia
Authors: Paula Eder Spuri de , Gonçalves Laise Vieira , Festozo Marina Battistetti , Nascimento Junior Antonio Fernandes
Published: December 2017

O diálogo entre educação de qualidade e a formação de professores é fundamental para que alcancemos uma educação transformadora. Assim, o Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação a Docência (PIBID) de Biologia da Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA) surge como uma proposta para formação de professores e um mecanismo de diálogo entre universidade e escola. Desse modo, esse trabalho propõe avaliar um projeto de Educação Ambiental Crítica realizado junto à formação contínua de professores em exercício vinculados ao programa e desenvolvido no ano de 2013 nas escolas públicas do município de Lavras, MG. Após análise, foi possível diagnosticar as diferentes concepções dos professores em relação à Educação Ambiental bem como as dificuldades da inserção da mesma nas escolas. Também foi possível perceber as contribuições do projeto e do PIBID para a formação continuada dos professores permitindo que esses docentes compreendam a importância da formação permanente, das potencialidades de estratégias pedagógicas diferenciadas, e de como a contextualização e interdisciplinaridade podem contribuir no processo de ensino aprendizagem. Além disso, permitiu uma reflexão sobre os trabalhos do PIBID de Biologia nas escolas, compreendendo como o mesmo tem articulado suas ações através dos projetos a fim de aprimorá-las cada vez mais.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: PIBID. Educação Ambiental. Formação Continuada de Professores.
Produtividade de cinco variedades de soja, implantadas sobre sistema de plantio direto, na região da Alta Paulista.
Authors: Okuma Izabella Garbeline , Lima Ronaldo Cintra , Tomaz Rafael Simões
Published: December 2017

A soja (Glycine max) é uma das principais culturas produzidas no Brasil, sendo o segundo produtor mundial. No estado de São Paulo o plantio dessa cultura tem sido satisfatório nas últimas safras, com aumento na área cultivada e na produtividade, isto é devido ao uso de variedades melhoradas, mais adaptadas às condições edafoclimáticas da região. Ainda, a utilização de tecnologias, principalmente aquelas que visem aumento da sustentabilidade do sistema como o sistema de plantio direto, é desejável e bem vista. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar cinco variedades de soja, semeadas em SPD, por meio dos seus componentes agronômicos e produtividade visando a recomendação para a região da Alta Paulista. As variedades utilizadas foram Agroeste 3730, Agroeste 3680, Codetec 2728, Garra BMX e Potência. Para o cultivo em SPD, foi usado a forrageira Urochloa ruziziensis, que foi dessecada para posterior semeadura da soja, no ano de 2016. O experimento foi instalado segundo delineamento de blocos casualizados com seis repetições, sendo os tratamentos as cinco variedades avaliadas. Com o intuito de caracterizar as variedades, e verificar como os componentes de produtividade agronômica se comportam quando no SPD, foram avaliadas doze características. Foi procedida análise de variância e subsequente teste para comparação de médias. A variedade que mais se destacou foi a Agroeste 3730, principalmente em produtividade dos grãos obtendo um valor de 5289 kg ha-1, devendo ser recomendada para semeadura na região da Alta Paulista.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Variedades. SPD. Componentes de produtividade.
Medicina alternativa resguardada na memória dos sujeitos entrelaçada com o ensino da química na escola
Authors: Coutinho Afonso Abreu , Lopes Thiago Beirigo , Leão Marcelo Franco
Published: December 2017

Nesse estudo, de caráter científico e pedagógico, foi enfatizada a participação ativa dos estudantes durante o processo de aprendizagem, quanto a tomada de decisão como condição para a construção de conhecimentos. Partindo dessa perspectiva, em que a participação e envolvimento dos estudantes é determinante para se obter sucesso, é que desenvolvemos essa prática pedagógica baseada na aprendizagem significativa e que utiliza a pesquisa como estratégia de estudo. A proposta foi desenvolver um levantamento etnobotânico de plantas com usos terapêuticos no município de Porto Alegre do Norte-MT, estimar a diversidade de espécies usadas, suas funções e estrutura química. Para coletar dados, os estudantes do 3º ano do Ensino Médio da Escola Estadual 13 de Maio, entrevistaram 18 pessoas adultas de ambos os sexos, buscando se entender o modo de utilização de forma sistêmica, suas formas de preparo, consumo e indicação. Identificaram-se 66 espécies, pertencentes a 26 famílias. Das quais foram selecionadas 10 ervas mais utilizadas, com a finalidade de estudar a sua estrutura química e suas funções. Os resultados mostram que as práticas e saberes culturais relacionados com a utilização de plantas medicinais ainda podem ser encontrados nesse município. Sendo assim, é de grande importância a integração de estudos que dimensionem o potencial de uso de plantas medicinais do cerrado, visando a formulação de práticas que conservem este bioma.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Plantas medicinais. Estrutura química. Aprendizagem significativa. Medicina popular.
O Princípio do Protetor-Recebedor e o Pagamento por Serviços Ambientais: Análise Conceitual do Programa Bolsa Floresta
Authors: Bezerra Talita Benaion , Thevenin Julien Marius Reis
Published: December 2017

A elevada degradação do meio ambiente, que culminou na atual crise ambiental, faz cogente uma eficaz tutela dos recursos ambientais pelo Poder Público e por toda a coletividade, tornando-se cada vez mais necessárias normas de proteção ambiental com o fito de dirimir tal imbróglio. Destarte, o presente artigo teve por objetivo aprofundar as discussões acerca dos princípios de proteção ambiental, especialmente do Protetor-Recebedor, consubstanciado na compensação pelos serviços ambientais prestados; abordar dentro deste viés o Programa Bolsa Floresta no Estado do Amazonas, que é caracterizado legalmente enquanto Pagamento por Serviços Ambientais; analisando, contudo, os paradoxos envolvem esta utilização conceitual de serviços ambientais; e concluindo que, na verdade, o Programa enquadra-se mais como transferência direta de renda, com condicionantes ambientais. Para tanto, utilizou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica, com vista ao aprofundamento teórico sobre o tema em análise.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Princípio do Protetor-Recebedor. Programa Bolsa Floresta. Pagamentos por Serviços Ambientais
Área verde urbana na forma de canteiro central: estudo sobre a Avenida Minas Gerais em Ituiutaba (MG)
Authors: Pereira Lucas Alves , Loboda Carlos Roberto
Published: December 2017

O mosaico urbano é constituído por formas espaciais diferenciadas pelos usos e funções que se mostram de maneira singular em cada cidade. Este arranjo obedece uma ordem com base em um desenvolvimento em vias de reprodução de capitais. Bairros residenciais, industriais e vias de circulação, nos centros e nas periferias são compostos por espaços livres, espaços edificados, áreas verdes, espaços públicos e privados. Nesse contexto, As áreas verdes quando cumpridoras de suas funções, perfazem fundamental elemento estruturador do espaço urbano, capaz de intermediar relações entre homem e meio, bem como proporcionar ganho ambiental, ecológico e social. O conceito de áreas verdes, no entanto, se apresenta ainda de forma muito polissêmica, quando não permeada pelo senso comum. O presente trabalho versa sobre as áreas verdes urbanas, tendo como objeto o canteiro central da avenida Minas Gerais em Ituiutaba (MG), perpassando em um primeiro momento por uma construção teórica, em uma segunda etapa a análise a partir dos usos, funções e características locais do canteiro e seu entorno. Considera-se o entorno a abrangência formada a partir de 1000 metros do canteiro, tendo em vista uma distância possível de se percorrer a pé. Chega-se ao resultado que o canteiro então é fundamental para articular um sistema de áreas verdes juntamente ao seu entorno, tendo em vista o cumprimento da função ecológica, estética e recreativa, e servir à população. Porém entende-se também suas limitações devido à falta de equipamentos que proporcionem usos de acordo com sua potencialidade.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Áreas verdes. Cidade. Ituiutaba.
Sensoriamento Remoto Aplicado À Detecção De Ilhas De Calor Urbanas: Uma Revisão Sistemática
Authors: Miranda Yara Campos , Martins Neto Francisco Ferreira , Bortoli Marlene Magnoni
Published: December 2017

O crescimento acentuado da população no ambiente urbano e a consequente supressão de vegetação faz com que as cidades enfrentem problemas relacionados ao desconforto térmico, como a formação de ilhas de calor. O sensoriamento remoto é uma ferramenta útil na identificação deste fenômeno, e seu uso vem crescendo nos últimos anos. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é comparar a metodologia e evolução dos estudos já realizados sobre a temática, a partir de uma revisão sistemática. Para tanto, utilizou-se um protocolo de pesquisa, seguindo os pressupostos metodológicos sugeridos por por Kitchenham et al. (2009), onde foram pesquisados artigos indexados no período de 1996 a 2016 em três bases eletrônicas: ScienceDirect, Plataforma Capes e Google acadêmico. Este procedimento resultou na seleção de 20 artigos científicos, extraídos do montante de 3515 resultados computados nos mecanismos de pesquisa selecionados, alcançando assim um índice de aproveitamento de 6,5%. Foi possível constatar um maior número de artigos selecionados escritos na língua inglesa e oriundos do ScienceDirect, como também uma certa evolução das técnicas empregadas para estudos urbanos, a partir da invenção de programas computacionais que facilitam a detecção de ilhas de calor. Além disso, há um crescimento exponencial no número de artigos a partir de 2006, tendo como um dos fatores associados, a disponibilização de imagens de satélite gratuitas. No entanto, é necessário um maior esforço da comunidade científica para a melhoria das metodologias empregadas, visando a facilitar o entendimento da formação deste fenômeno e propondo medidas mitigadoras para as mesmas.

Palavras-chave: Clima Urbano; Geotecnologia; Desconforto Térmico, Planejamento Urbano
Physiochemical and protein profiling of Bacaurea ramiflora (Burmese grape) - an underutilized fruit crop in Arunachal Pradesh
Authors: Singh S. R. , Phurailatpam A. K. , Singh Siddhartha , Rabha Archan , Pandey A. K.
Published: December 2017

A survey was conducted in the Napit, Pekung and Runne village of East Siang district of Arunachal Pradesh, India during the period 2015-2016 for the documentation on the variability of Bacaurea ramiflora (Burmese grape) in this region. These plants are found wild or in the homestead garden. From the investigation two types of morphotype could be identified in this region (mild acidic and sweet type). Study on its different physical and quality parameters revealed that the sweetness ranges from 12.5 to 16.5° Brix and the fruit parameters like fruit weight, pulp weight, fruit juice, TSS, total sugar and acidity are found to be significant among the genotypes. However, the biochemical marker (SDS PAGE) revealed monomorphic banding pattern and no variable is found in among the genotypes which can be confirmed using molecular marker in the near future.
Papaya performance under various growing conditions cv. Red Lady 786
Authors: Kaur Kuljeet , Kaur Amarjeet
Published: December 2017

The present investigation a was conducted in the Department of Horticulture, Khalsa college, Guru Nanak Dev University in sub tropical climate of Amritsar during 2016-2017. The seedlings of papaya cv. Red Lady 786 were transplanted in the second week of August with a spacing of 1.6 x 1.6 m in net house and open field at the same time. The investigation was laid out in CRD with two treatment combinations replicated thrice. Results of the study revealed that the plants under net house showed an increase in fruit length (22.68 cm),breadth (11,93 cm), weight (874.32 g) and fruit volume (895.16 cc). Among bio- chemical characters maximum TSS (11.130 Brix), minimum peel weight (539.42g) and organoleptic rating(8.90) were also observed under net house conditions while maximum juice percentage (83.36 %), and pulp weight(184.13g) were registered in the plants of open field. Plants under net house showed an increase in the yield (45.39 kg/plant) as compared to the plants under open conditions.. Hence plants of papaya cv. Red Lady 786 can be successfully cultivated under protection of net house with good yield and fruit quality respectively.
EMPATI DAN MOTIVASI KERJA GURU SEKOLAH LUAR BIASA
Authors: HAPSARI IRIANI INDRI , MARDIANA MARDIANA
Published: December 2017

This study aims to determine the effect of empathy on teachers work motivation in special needs school. The population of this study are the teachers of special needs school. This study uses a quantitative method with the sample amounted to 81 respondents. This study uses two scales which are the scale of teacherâ€™s work motivation and empathy scale. Both of the scale were arranged by researcher based on work motivation theories of Louis George and Tara Sabhapathy. Empathy scale based on empathy theories of The QCAE (a Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy). The hypothesis test used in this study using a regression analysis one predictor. Based on the analysis of data, obtained F count 11.272 > F Table 3.96 with p = 0.001 (p < 0.05). Its means there is a significant influence of empathy on teacherâ€™s work motivation in special needs school. The result shows a positive influence which means if thereâ€™s a high level of empathy in special need schoolâ€™s teachers, then the level of work motivation will be high.
Simultaneous Treatment of Pelvic and Urological Injuries
Authors: Lamin Eliza , Kovell Robert Caleb , DeFroda Steven F.
Published: December 2017

* Pelvic fractures can be due to high-energy trauma and can result in an injury to internal structures, specifically of the urological system.

* Complex pelvic trauma requires a multidisciplinary approach with collaboration between orthopaedists and urologists to maximize long-term outcomes.

* Every pelvic fracture must be treated with aggressive initial stabilization followed by evaluation to diagnose the extent of injury in order to prevent further complications and to maximize long-term function.

* Pelvic fractures can lead to long-term orthopaedic complications such as accelerated degenerative arthritis, nonunion, infection, and chronic pain.

* In addition to osseous injury, common urological injuries associated with pelvic fractures include injuries of the bladder and urethra as well as long-term sexual dysfunction.
Response of Maize to the Soil Application of Nitrogen and Phosphorous Fertilizers
Authors: Sapkota Arati , Shrestha Ram Kumar , Chalise Devraj
Published: December 2017

Poor nutrient management is one of the key factors contributing to decline in the productivity of maize in Nepal. Few studies have been done on developing site and variety specific fertilizer recommendation. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at National Maize Research Program (NMRP) Rampur, Chitwan during winter season in September 2016 to study the response of hybrid maize (RML95/RML96) to different doses of soil application of nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P). The treatments included were 120:60, 120 :( 40+20), 160:60, 160 :( 40+20), 200:60, 200 :( 40+20), 240:60, and 240 :( 40+20) N: P kg ha-1. Potassium fertilizer was fixed and applied as per the Government recommendation i.e., 40 kg K ha-1.Eight treatments were replicated three times in randomized complete block design and maize was planted in six rows of four meter long plot. The research findings revealed that each level of N significantly increased grain yield up to 240 kg N ha-1. The grain yield (8.8 t ha-1) obtained under 240 kg N ha-1 was significantly higher than that obtained under 120,160 and 200 kg N ha-1. However, the results revealed that split application of P failed to bring about any significant difference in the grain yield as well as yield parameters of maize. We can, thus conclude that the addition of increasing rate of N increases the yield and yield attributing characters of maize.  Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(4): 537-541
The Socio-economic Factors Affecting Animal Breeding in Urban Households
Authors: Al-Dala'een Jawad Atef
Published: December 2017

The objective of this research is to investigate the socio-economic conditions of households who have animal production gardens. The questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaire concentrated on collecting data about animal breeding patters, the extent of these animals in these gardens. The sample was distributed on six stratified layers each layer represent a pattern of household income except the sixth layers which represents household gardens suburban areas. The results showed that households concentrate on animal breeding in their gardens. The type of animal breeding depends on the location of layers and laws, which regulate this process. In suburban areas, all kinds of animal were allowed to breed in household gardens. The production attained of animal breeding was very considerable and can be considered as part of household income.
Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Zerumbone on WEHI 7.2 Wild Type Murine Thymoma Cells
Authors: Hamid Asmah , Rajab Nor Fadilah , Shen Tay Shu , Nasrom Mohd Nazir
Published: December 2017

Zerumbone (ZER), a sesquiterpene in the rhizomes of Zingiber zerumbet Smith, was shown to exhibit antiproliferative activities on various cancer cells. This study was carried out to determine the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of ZER on WEHI 7.2 wild type murine thymoma cells through the employment of standard MTT assay, alkaline comet assay and flow cytometry Annexin V/PI. Results from the MTT assay demonstrated that ZER has a dose-dependent but not a time-dependent cytotoxic effect towards WEHI 7.2 wild type cells with IC50 values at 24, 48 and 72 hours were 3.02±0.20 µg/ml (13.832 µM), 2.73±0.13 µg/ml (12.503 µM) and 2.65±0.13 µg/ml (12.137 µM) respectively. Using IC10 and IC25 values obtained from the MTT assay, alkaline comet assay was carried out to detect DNA damage in ZER treated cells at three different time points (1/2 h, 1 h and 2 h). From the results, it was found that ZER induced significant DNA damage at all three time points for both concentrations (p < 0.05). Comparison of DNA damage levels at both concentrations suggested a concentration-dependent genotoxicity, as significantly higher values of tail DNA percentage and tail moment were obtained for cells treated with IC25 concentration (p < 0.05). Furthermore, to understand the mode of cell death induced by ZER, flow cytometry Annexin V/PI was performed and it was found that cytotoxicity was achieved primarily via apoptosis. Collectively, ZER is able to induce genotoxicity in treated cells which subsequently leads to cytotoxicity via apoptosis and these presented characteristics suggest the compound as a potential anticancer drug.
Pesticide Exposures Induce Male-Mediated Reproductive Toxicity: A Review
Authors: Yusoff Nur Afizah , Budin Siti Balkis , Taib Izatus Shima
Published: December 2017

Infertility remains a continuing globally problem wherever couples worldwide were infertile as much as 42 million in 1990 and keep projecting to 48.5 million in 2010. Male-mediated infertility becomes one of the numerous concerns due to pesticide especially sperm quality as revealed with raising number of animal and human studies in latter-day among researchers. Pesticides have been used since the early days as pest control in agriculture, as vector controls in malaria and dengue as well as subject to much regulation. The reproductive system might be affected with some negative effects from pesticides that lead to interference with the male hormonal function. Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content in the sperm cell membrane makes it become highly susceptible towards reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus leading to sperm damage. Besides known genetic and environmental factors, research during the last two decades has highlight on several mechanisms and their association with male infertility. The male germ line undergoes extensive epigenetic modifications throughout fetal to adult life hence vulnerable to environmental factors that may influence fertility. The present literature will help in understanding the mechanisms of pesticide in inducing male-mediated reproductive toxicity.
Improvement of Post-Thaw Sperm Kinematics and DNA Integrity of Cross-Bred Bovine Sperm by Incorporating DGC as Selection Method Prior to Cryopreservation
Authors: Ismail Nur Hilwani , Osman Khairul , Mohd Yusof Farida Zuraina , Syed Mohamad Syarifah Faezah , Jaafar Farah Hanan Fatihah , Ibrahim Siti Fatimah
Published: December 2017

The aim of this study was to assess post-thaw sperm quality following initial sperm selection using density gradient centrifugation (DGC) prior to cryopreservation. Ejaculates from four mature Charolais cross Kedah-Kelantan bulls were collected using artificial vagina at IBVK Pahang, Malaysia. The ejaculates were aliquoted into 3 groups: non-cryopreserved group (NC); control group of cryopreserved sperm without DGC (ND) and treatment group of sperm undergoing DGC sperm selection before cryopreservation (CDGC). Prior to analysis, samples from both cryopreserved groups were thawed at 37 °C for 30 sec. All samples were analysed for kinematics parameters, viability and compromise in DNA integrity (evaluated as DNA Fragmentation Index, DFI). All kinematics parameters were analysed using computer aided sperm analysis (CASA). Results indicated significant (p < 0.05) kinematics parameter changes for all parameters of velocity (VCL, VSL, VAP) and progression (WOB, LIN, ALH and BCF). Unfortunately, changes in spermatozoa straightness were insignificant (STR) F(2, 68) = 1.004, p = 0.371. Spermatozoa viability had increased by 26.2% (p < 0.01) following the treatment. DFI revealed the treatment group recorded a significant reduction in DFI value (0.17% fragmented DNA). In conclusion, DGC sperm selection prior to cryopreservation reduced the effects of cryodamage and showed an improvement in post-thaw sperm quality, thus reducing the occurrence of asthenozoospermia in populations of frozen-thawed cross-bred bovine spermatozoa.
Evaluation of Trace Elements in the Nails and Hair of Farmers Exposed to Pesticides and Fertilizers
Authors: Abdul Hamid Zariyantey , Ishak Ismarulyusda , Lubis Syarif Husin , Mohammad Nihayah , Othman Hidayatulfathi , Mohd Saat Nur Zakiah , Ghazali Ahmad Rohi , Abdul Rahim Siti Zakiah , Mohd Noor Mohammad Roff
Published: December 2017

Exposure to pesticides and fertilizers lowers the level of trace elements in the human body for several reasons. This study aimed to investigate the effect of pesticide exposure to the levels of trace elements of farmers in Bachok and Tumpat, Kelantan, Malaysia. This cross sectional study involved 89 farmers. Demographic data and information on the duration of the exposure to the pesticides and fertilizers, as well as personal protective equipment (PPE) practice habits, were determined through questionnaire. The levels of selenium, manganese, zinc, copper and chromium samples of fingernails, toenails and hair were determined through the use of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The levels of the trace elements were not influenced by gender, age and the period of exposure. Only the manganese levels found in the hair samples (r = 0.250) show a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) with the working period. PPE practice habit also have significant correlation (p < 0.05) with manganese level in fingernails (r = 0.530) and toenails (r = -0.353), zinc level in hair (r = -0.439) and chromium level in fingernails (r = -0.306). Exposure towards pesticide and fertilizer decreased the trace element level in nails and hair of farmers. Additionally, the level of trace elements can be influenced by health status, working period, dietary habit and PPE practices.
Asymmetric Kelvin‐Helmholtz Instability at Jupiter's Magnetopause Boundary: Implications for Corotation‐Dominated Systems
Authors: Zhang B. , Delamere P. A. , Ma X. , Burkholder B. , Wiltberger M. , Lyon J. G. , Merkin V. G. , Sorathia K. A.
Published: December 2017

The multifluid Lyon‐Fedder‐Mobarry (MFLFM) global magnetosphere model is used to study the interactions between solar wind and rapidly rotating, internally driven Jupiter magnetosphere. The MFLFM model is the first global simulation of Jupiter magnetosphere that captures the Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability (KHI) in the critically important subsolar region. Observations indicate that Kelvin‐Helmholtz vortices are found predominantly in the dusk sector. Our simulations explain that this distribution is driven by the growth of KHI modes in the prenoon and subsolar region (e.g., >10 local time) that are advected by magnetospheric flows to the dusk sector. The period of density fluctuations at the dusk terminator flank (18 magnetic local time, MLT) is roughly 1.4 h compared with 7.2 h at the dawn flank (6 MLT). Although the simulations are only performed using parameters of the Jupiter's magnetosphere, the results may also have implications for solar wind‐magnetosphere interactions at other corotation‐dominated systems such as Saturn. For instance, the simulated average azimuthal speed of magnetosheath flows exhibit significant dawn‐dusk asymmetry, consistent with recent observations at Saturn. The results are particularly relevant for the ongoing Juno mission and the analysis of dawnside magnetopause boundary crossings for other planetary missions.
Swimming Endurance in Juvenile Chinook Salmon Infected with Salmincola californiensis
Authors: Herron Crystal L. , Kent M. L. , Schreck C. B.
Published: December 2017

Juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha moving downstream through tributaries of the upper Willamette River basin can spend months in reservoirs created by dams. While residing in the reservoirs, they often obtain heavy infections of the freshwater parasitic copepod Salmincola californiensis. The physiologic effect these parasites have on salmonids is poorly understood. We developed a method to infect juvenile Chinook Salmon in a laboratory with the copepodid stage of S. californiensis. Infected and uninfected fish were subjected to a swimming challenge to ascertain swimming endurance. Severity of gill damage was assessed using a dissecting microscope. Juvenile Chinook Salmon naturally infected with S. californiensis in Cougar Reservoir, Oregon, were also challenged and compared with their lab-infected counterparts. Copepod infection greatly impaired the swimming ability of laboratory fish, and the naturally infected fish were entirely incapable of swimming at low velocity. Chinook Salmon collected in the wild were more heavily infected than the laboratory fish and had trouble surviving collection and transport to our laboratory. The intensity of infection and severity of gill damage were positively correlated with diminished swimming ability, suggesting that heavy infection with copepods impairs gas exchange and osmotic regulation, which likely results in diminished fitness and decreased survival of infected fish.
Antimonene: A Novel 2D Nanomaterial for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Martínez‐Periñán Emiliano , Down Michael P. , Gibaja Carlos , Lorenzo Encarnación , Zamora Félix , Banks Craig E.
Published: December 2017

In pursuing higher energy density, without compromising the power density of supercapacitor platforms, the application of an advanced 2D nanomaterial is utilized to maximize performance. Antimonene, for the first time, is characterized as a material for applications in energy storage, being applied as an electrode material as the basis of a supercapacitor. Antimonene is shown to significantly improve the energy storage capabilities of a carbon electrode in both cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charging. Antimonene demonstrates remarkable performance with a capacitance of 1578 F g−1, with a high charging current density of 14 A g−1. Hence, antimonene is shown to be a highly promising material for energy storage applications. The system also demonstrates a highly competitive energy and power densities of 20 mW h kg−1 and 4.8 kW kg−1, respectively. In addition to the excellent charge storing abilities, antimonene shows good cycling capabilities.
Redox‐Active Peptide‐Functionalized Quinquethiophene‐Based Electrochromic π‐Gel
Authors: Konda Maruthi , Maiti Sayan , Jadhav Rohit G. , Das Apurba K.
Published: December 2017

An electrochromic system based on a self‐assembled dipeptide‐appended redox‐active quinquethiophene π‐gel is reported. The designed peptide‐quinquethiophene consists of a symmetric bolaamphiphile that has two segments: a redox‐active π‐conjugated quinquethiophene core for electrochromism, and peptide motif for the involvement of molecular self‐assembly. Investigations reveal that self‐assembly and electrochromic properties of the π‐gel are strongly dependent on the relative orientation of peptidic and quinquethiophene scaffolds in the self‐assembly system. The colors of the π‐gel film are very stable with fast and controlled switching speed at room temperature.
Nanomechanics of actin filament: A molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Shamloo Amir , Mehrafrooz Behzad
Published: December 2017

Actin is known as the most abundant essentially protein in eukaryotic cells. Actin plays a crucial role in many cellular processes involving mechanical forces such as cell motility, adhesion, muscle contraction, and intracellular transport. However, little is known about the mechanical properties of this protein when subjected to mechanical forces in cellular processes. In this article, a series of large‐scale molecular dynamics simulations are carried out to elucidate nanomechanical behavior such as elastic and viscoelastic properties of a single actin filament. Here, we used two individual methods namely, all‐atoms and coarse‐grained molecular dynamics, to evaluate elastic properties of a single actin filament. In the other word, based on Brownian motions of the filament and using the principle of the equipartition theorem, in aqueous solution, tensile stiffness, torsional rigidity, and bending rigidity of the single actin filament are studied. The results revealed that increasing the sampling window time leads to convergence of obtained mechanical properties to the experimental values. Moreover, in order to investigate viscoelastic properties of a single actin filament, constant force steered molecular dynamics method is used to apply different external tensile loads and perform five individual creep tests on the molecule. The strain‐time response of the filament for each creep test is obtained. Based on the Kelvin‐Voigt model, the results reveal that a single actin filament shows a nonlinear viscoelastic behavior, with a Young's modulus of 2.85 GPa, a viscosity of 4.06 GPa.ns, and a relaxation time in the range of 1.42 ns which were measured here for the first time at the single filament level. The findings of this article suggest that molecular dynamics simulations could also be a useful tool for investigating the mechanical behavior of bio‐nanomaterials.
Simulated climate change affects how biocrusts modulate water gains and desiccation dynamics after rainfall events
Authors: Lafuente Angela , Berdugo Miguel , Ladrón de Guevara Mónica , Gozalo Beatriz , Maestre Fernando T.
Published: December 2017

Soil surface communities dominated by mosses, lichens, and cyanobacteria (biocrusts) are common between vegetation patches in drylands worldwide and are known to affect soil wetting and drying after rainfall events. Although ongoing climate change is already warming and changing rainfall patterns of drylands in many regions, little is known on how these changes may affect the hydrological behaviour of biocrust‐covered soils. We used 8 years of continuous soil moisture and rainfall data from a climate change experiment in central Spain to explore how biocrusts modify soil water gains and losses after rainfall events under simulated changes in temperature (2.5 °C warming) and rainfall (33% reduction). Both rainfall amount and biocrust cover increased soil water gains after rainfall events, whereas experimental warming, rainfall intensity, and initial soil moisture decreased them. Initial moisture, maximum temperature, and biocrust cover, by means of enhancing potential evapotranspiration or by soil darkening, increased the drying rates and enhanced the exponential behaviour of the drying events. Meanwhile, warming reduced their exponential behaviour. The effects of climate change treatments on soil water gains and losses changed through time, with important differences between the first 2 years of the experiment and 5 years after its set‐up. These effects were mainly driven by the important reductions in biocrust cover and diversity observed under warming. Our results highlight the importance of long‐term studies to understand soil moisture responses to ongoing climate change in drylands.