bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trial Production Study of All-Steel TBR Tire Using Homogeneous Rare Earth IR
Authors: Li Dian Jun , Song Shang De , Liu Nai Qing , Wang Shuo , Wang Zi Hao , Bai Chen Xi
Published: June 2012

Mooney viscosity, cure characteristics, tensile properties, tear strength, rolling resistance property, abrasion resistance ,dynamic cutting property and other properties of the homogeneous rare earth IR/NR blend were investigated, and compare to Russian SKI-3/NR blend, SKI-5/NR blend and NR. The results showed homogeneous rare earth IR/NR blend has similar or even better properties compare to SKI-3/NR blend, SKI-5/NR blend and NR. The tire products made by these rubbers have similar performance. The tires passed the China National Quality Supervision and Inspection Center of rubber tire certification, which met the requirements of all-steel TBR tire. The homogeneous rare earth IR prepared by Petro China Jilin Petrochemical Company could part instead of NR using in all-steel TBR tire.
A New Method for Analyzing X-Cor Sandwich’s Shear Strength
Authors: Dang Xu Dan , Shi Shao Jie , Guo Yi , Xiao Jun
Published: June 2012

The finite element software was used to get the X-cor sandwich’s shear strength. During the shear strength analysis, the failure criterion and materials stiffness degradation rules fitting for the analysis of X-cor sandwich’s failure mechanism were proposed and the X-cor sandwich’s failure process and modes were also clarified. According to the failure criterion we used the elements with stiffness degradation and their distributions in the finite element model to simulate the types and propagation path of the failure and the failure mechanisms of X-cor sandwich under shear were explained. The finite element analysis indicates during the shear firstly the resin regions fail and then the multiple failure modes of Z-pin pull-out from the face-sheet, Z-pin shear off and Z-pin buckling all exist. The propagation paths of the failure elements are dispersive. By contrasting the finite element results and test results the values are consistent well and the error range is -10.4%~7.4%. The comparison results show that the failure criterion and stiffness degradation rules are reasonable and this method can be used to predict the X-cor sandwich’s shear strength.
The Granular Model in Powder Injection Molding
Authors: Liu Yu , Li Yi Min , Xia Qing Kun , He Hao , Hua Hu You , Zhu Xian Wang
Published: June 2012

The granular model which is fit for discontinuous bodies is applied to powder injection molding. The powder is regarded as discrete particles which are immersed into binder. The powder three-dimensional flowing in powder injection molding has been simulated based PFC. The results show that the filling rate of granulars is anisotropy and injection molding is always filled in the central region of cavity where resistance is smaller. But the angular area where resistance is large often filled be the end, even if it is close to the center of pressure.
Analysis of Nonlinear Dynamic Accuracy on RV Transmission System
Authors: Shan Li Jun , Liu Yu Ting , He Wei Dong
Published: June 2012

RV (Rotate Vector) transmission is a new precision transmission system. In order to improve its accuracy, we study the RV transmission system. It is researched in comprehensive factors including displacement errors, elastic deformation (static transmission error, design transmission error), gear meshing errors, backlash of gear, time-varying mesh stiffness, mesh damping, bearing stiffness, torsional stiffness of input shaft, etc. The mathematical and mechanical model of dynamic transmission accuracy is established by the concentrated mass method and the dynamic substructure method. Then, the meshing force of each part is analyzed in RV reducer. The motion differential equation of RV drive system is obtained, which lays the foundation for the calculation and analysis of the transmission error.
Nonlinear Dynamic Model and Equations of RV Transmission System
Authors: Shan Li Jun , Fang Xue , He Wei Dong
Published: June 2012

The nonlinear dynamics model of gearing system is developed based on RV transmission system. The influence of the nonlinear factors as time-varying meshing stiffness, backlash of the gear pairs and errors is considered. By means of the Lagrange equation the multi-degree-of-freedom differential equations of motion are derived. The differential equations are very hard to solve for which are characterized by positive semi-definition, time-variation and backlash-type nonlinearity. And linear and nonlinear restoring force are coexist in the equations. In order to solve easily, the differential equations are transformed to identical dimensionless nonlinear differential equations in matrix form. The establishment of the nonlinear differential equations laid a foundation for The Solution of differential equations and the analysis of the nonlinearity characteristics.
Cation Exchange Detection in the Process of Ionic Soil Stabilizer Reinforcing Soil by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
Authors: Liu Lu Wen , Zeng Wei Li , Zhang Jun Long , Liu Lin Me , Lin Zhao Xiang
Published: June 2012

In order to study the process of ionic soil stabilizer (ISS) reinforcing different kinds of soil, kaolin, red clay, landslide soil, expansive soil and quartz sand ,the five kinds of standard soil samples were treated by ISS of ratio 1:100. After 24-hour soaking and oscillation treatment, the supernatant was detected by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Comparing with the samples had not been treated by ISS, got the information of cation exchange. Experimental results showed that, the cation exchange in different soil was various, landslide soil exchanged more cation, and the cation exchange of kaolin and quartz sand was less. These studies will provide the experimental basis for ISS reinforcing mechanism research.
An Approach of Tool-Chip Friction Coefficient Estimate for the Simulation of Machining Residual Stress
Authors: Liu Ming Zhen , Xiong Liang Shan , Lin Bin
Published: June 2012

The tool-chip friction coefficient influences the simulation result of the residual stresses distribution seriously when Finite element software is used to simulate. This paper presents a new tool-chip friction coefficient estimate approach. Frist, a new mathematical model of cutting forces, the cutting speed, feed amount and the tool-chip friction coefficient was established in this paper based on the simulation results of Advant Edge, and then the tool-chip friction coefficient was reversed when the cutting forces are measured. Comparing the simulation residual stress distribution of the friction coefficient in calculation, average coulomb friction coefficient, the default friction coefficient with experimental result; it turns out the distribution of residual stresses in the friction coefficient of calculation approaches to experimental result.
Performance Research of Air-Cooled Heat Pump for Small Residential
Authors: Zheng Hui Fan , Yang Chun Li , Li Yan Hua , Liang Yao Hua
Published: June 2012

An experimental setup is designed and built to study the operation characteristics of the air-cooled heat pump system for small residential in this paper. Based on the experimental setup, the characteristics of the energy efficiency ratio(EER) and cooling capacity have been researched when the outlet temperature of cooling water and outdoor environment temperature change. The experimental data demonstrate that the cooling capacity and EER of the system increases with increasing outlet cooling water temperatures and decreases with increasing outdoor environment temperatures. In addition, the correlation of the system EER is calculated by using the least square method based on the experimental data.
Air Conditioning System Water Quality and Equipment Condition Investigation and Analysis of Energy Saving Measures
Authors: Liang Na , Li Rui
Published: June 2012

Due to energy reserves reduces gradually and uneven distribution, all countries pay more and more attention to energy saving and improve the effective utilization of energy, China also attaches great important to this. Energy saving of buildings is a necessary development trend. Air conditioning system as a large important part of building energy consumption has a huge energy-saving potential. This article mainly introduced the related strategies of energy saving in central air conditioning water system from the following three points of view: the water treatment, the cooling tower, and the variable frequency pump.
Simulation of the Multiple Cyclic CCRs Process Based on ASPEN PLUS
Authors: Chen Hai Ping , Wang Zhong Ping , Wu Wen Hao
Published: June 2012

The carbonate looping process is a promising technology for post-combustion CO2 capture from power plants.CO2 capture is performed in a system of two fluidized bed reactors.In this paper, material and energy of the process have been performed using ASPEN PLUS.The present study focuses on energy recovery of CCRs system and the effect of make-up mass flow on circulating solids mass flow, coal feed to the calciner, and CO2 capture efficiency.
An Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement by Pulsating Laminar Flow in a Triangular Grooved Channel
Authors: Yang Bing Chang , Jin Dong Xu
Published: June 2012

Heat transfer enhancement by pulsating flow in a triangular grooved channel has been experimentally investigated. Effects of Reynolds number Re, Strouhal number St, pulsation amplitude A on the heat transfer enhancement were studied. The experimental results show that, the pulsating flow can significantly enhance heat transfer compared to the steady flow case, for instance, an enhancement of 115% is achieved at Re=400, A=0.5 and St=0.3. There exists an optimal Strouhal number corresponding to the maximum heat transfer enhancement factor. The heat transfer enhancement factor increases with the increase of Reynolds number and pulsation amplitude.
Research on the Dust Deposition and Corrosion Problems in Heating Surface at the Rear of Oil-Fired Boiler
Authors: Zheng Ying , Cai Jiu Ju , Ma Zhan He
Published: June 2012

Abstract. Aim at the problems of acid corrosion and dust blocking in heating surface at the rear of heating surface for oil-fired boiler, which comes from industrial production practice, a analysis in detail is carried on the reason of the acid corrosion formation and the mechanism of dust deposition, base on that are some preliminary solutions put forward according to the work practice. It can be proved to have a good effect on the safety and energy saving during the use and maintenance process of the oil-fired boiler and it can also provide a reference to the enrichment and perfection about the correlation theory of the oil-fired boiler.
Sensitivity Analysis for the Junction Temperature Measurement of the LED 12
Authors: Tzou Yeun Ming , Lin Wei Keng , Chen Bo Ruei , Wang Paul
Published: June 2012

LED have the special character that LED break out radiant power and heat when it is operating. Recently photo efficiency of LED is just 20% and almost residual power converts heat. But heat causes bad reliability and changes of electrical and optical character negatively. Therefore, the LED package design is the first issue for the solution of the heat problem. This study was to design a LED T-junction measurement platform which based on the required of JEDEC-51-1. The experiment results include four parts: (1) Manually retrieve VFss voltage, the temperature raised around 3~5°C between the chip junction temperature and LED pin; (2) Automatically retrieve VFss voltage, the temperature raised around 30~50°C for the same condition; (3) From trend of TJ vs. time, the definition of the steady state require at least 900 sec, but we would suggest 1200 sec in this study; (4) There is no significant difference of the TJ for the retrieval time 100 μs and 10μs. The important achievement of the results of this experiment can be used as a reference for TJ measurement.
Abrupt Climate Change in Ulanbuh Desert in the Nearly 60 Years
Authors: Chun Xi , Dan Dan , Liu Mei Ping , Liu Yue , Huhe Dalai
Published: June 2012

Ulanbuh Desert located in the ecological environment fragile areas of the monsoon margin, which is extremely sensitive to climate change. With the support of the temperature and precipitation data of the four meteorological stations in the distribution of Ulanbuh Desert margin over the nearly 60 years data, and by using the Mann-Kendall and the Mann-Whitney test, the mutation changes has analyzed. The results show that the temperature of the study area after its significant change in 1990 has been through a obvious warming process, and the average temperature from 1990 to 2010 was more than 1 °C higher than in 1955-1989. While there was a slight increase trend in the precipitation after its significant change in 1992, and the climate condition is generally warm and dry, so temporarily the conclusion that the climate condition will change to warm and wet is impossible.
Experimental Study of NO Reduction by Iron in CO Atmosphere
Authors: Su Ya Xin , Su A Long , Cheng Hao
Published: June 2012

This paper presents the results of reduction of nitric oxide, NO, by metallic iron in a one-dimensional electrically heated ceramic tubular reactor in the temperature range of 300 °C to 1200 °C with simulated flue gas of 0.05% NO in N2 base. Several sizes of iron mesh rolls were used as iron samples and were placed in the centre of the reactor. The effect of CO on NO reduction was examined by introducing 0.1% CO into the flue gas. Effluent NO was measured as a function of temperature by online gas analyzer. The chemical changes of the iron samples after the reaction were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. Results showed that iron mesh roll was very effective to reduce NO to N2. When the temperature was higher than 900°C, the NO reduction efficiency was observed to exceed 90% for all the mesh rolls used. Fe2O3 was formed at the surface of the iron mesh. The presence of CO increased the NO reduction efficiency by reducing the iron oxide, mainly Fe2O3, to metallic iron.
An Engineering Example of Technological Transformation about Wastewater Treatment Plant
Authors: Wu Jun Feng , Ouyang Hua Shu , Wang Xian Li
Published: June 2012

To alleviate the water pollution, the original wastewater treatment process was transformed based on the existing structures. Anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process (A2/O process) was used as the main process, instead of the original two-stage aeration process (AB process). Pretreatment process and advanced treatment process were strengthened. After transformation, the effluent quality could meet the first class of A standard of the "municipal wastewater treatment plant emission standards" (GB18918-2002) and all the quality indexes of the treated water met the requirements of discharge standard of sewage treatment. The original structures were fully used in this transformation, saving investment, which provided a practical reference for the transformation of the wastewater treatment plants.
Application of High-Pressure Micro Fog System in Dust Pollution Control of Belt Drive
Authors: Ge Shao Cheng , Quan Zhen , Jing De Ji
Published: June 2012

It concerns about escaped dust issues of Inner Mongolia Datang International Xilinhaote Mining CO, LTD.M102. M103. M106 among three belt drive. It will reform and design for dust comprehensive pollution control in belt drive, introduce practical application of High-pressure micro fog dedusting system in belt drive and capture dust particulate effectively in order to make dust fall in the beginning of producing dust by investigation on the site, current specific situation, local climate and water resource.
Catalytic Degradation of Methyl Blue in Wastewater by Hematite
Authors: Liu Zhuan Nian , Zhang Xiao Xue , Zhao Lin
Published: June 2012

In this paper, catalytic degradation of simulated methyl blue in wastewater was investigated using hematite as heterogeneous catalyst in like-Fenton reaction. Through single factor experiments, the effects of the H2O2 dosage, the hematite dosage, initial pH value and reaction time on methyl blue catalytic degradation were studied. The results showed that as the amount of hematite, H2O2 dosage and reaction time increases, the degradation increases, more than a certain degradation value , the trend decreases and tends to stabilize. The optimal operating conditions determined by orthogonal experiments are as following: hematite dosage was 3g/L, H2O2 dosage was 3mL/L, and 4h at pH=9.The Fenton reaction system of hematite as heterogeneous catalyst has a wide range of pH, in the range of 3 to 11 have better removal effect, and generally more than 85%.
Rapid Disposal of Pentachlorophenol Contaminated Soils in a Soil Reactor
Authors: Tao Yu , Wang Ai Jun , Wang Li Juan , Liu Guang Min , Qi Hong
Published: June 2012

At present the point source soil contaminations by toxic chemicals are very serious, and many methods are used for the rapid disposal. In recent years, Fenton’s reagent has been paid more and more attention because of its high oxidative potential and simplicity. In this work, pentachlorophenol (PCP) was used to simulate contaminated soils, and a tilted soil reactor was designed to study its decomposition by Fenton’s reagent. The effects of six variables on PCP degradation were evaluated: (1) initial soil-water ratio; (2) reaction time; (3) H2O2-Fe2+ molar ratio; (4) dosing method; (5) reaction tank rotating speed and (6) initial H2O2 concentration, and the optimum operating conditions were identified. However, further research is required for practical application.
Study on the Treatment of Algae-Rich Water with PPC Preoxidation-Coagulation/Sedimentation/Ultrafiltration (UF) Process
Authors: Zhang Jian Qiao , He Jun Guo , Li Gui Bai
Published: June 2012

Potassium permanganate composites (PPC) preoxidation/coagulation/ sedimentation/ultrafiltration process was used to treat algae-rich reservoir water. The results of the process optimization tests showed that the optimal dosage of polyaluminium chloride and PPC are respectively 3mg/L and 0.4mg/L. The effect of PPC preoxidation on the coagulation/sedimentation/ultrafiltration process was studied on the pilot device. The combined process can control the effluent turbidity under 0.1NTU. The dosing of 0.4mg/L PPC can increase the removal rate of UV254¬ and algae by 10% and 28% respectively. The synergetic effect between PPC preoxidation and ultrafiltration can enhance the removal of pollutants such as organic matter and algae and control the membrane fouling by decrease the foulant load on the membrane
The Component and Characteristic Analysis of Organic Matters in Inflow Water of one Wastewater Treatment Plant in Qingdao
Authors: Zhang Feng , Li Shuai , Liu Chang Qing , Kang Xing Sheng , Li Yan
Published: June 2012

The concentration of soluble inert organics and the mass distribution of organic matter in inflow wastewater of one wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Qingdao city in China were studied in this paper. The results showed that the concentration of soluble inert organics in the influent which cannot be degraded by microbe was about 20 mg/L, accounts for 2%～5% of all dissolved organic matter. The small organic molecules (<1 ku) took up the largest proportion of all organics in influent, which was about 40% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Moreover, the residual organic molecules after biological treatment process and coagulation sedimentation process might be transformed into disinfection by-products (DBPs) by chlorination in advanced treatment process, so the combined process of ozone and activated carbon was suggested to be used to remove the small organic molecules in inflow water in this WWTP.
Study on Percolation for Treating Dissolved Pollutants in Highway Runoff
Authors: Guo Zhi Bin , Shi Lei , Liu Jia , Yang Ting , Wang Hong Liang , Kang Chun Li
Published: June 2012

Although the concentration of highway runoff’s contaminants is low, highway runoff still have potential risks to the surrounding environment due to the accumulation effect. Infiltration system is a common method to control highway runoff pollution; therefore, this paper used Zn2+, P and petroleum that are typical dissolved pollutant in runoff as the target pollutants to investigate the effect of different filter materials removing highway runoff pollutants. The result shows that river sand’s removal effect is better than zeolite, in the experimental period, the efficiency of the river sand column removing Zn2+ was higher than 95%, and removal efficiency for Zn2+ of the zeolite column was higher than 90% at the first three days’ supply of Zn2+ solution, then gradually decreased. Adding a small amount of gravel was appropriate to help increase their infiltrate rate under high removal efficiency, the infiltrate rate of packed column reached 4 mm • min-1 when its mass ratio of river sand and gravel is 2:1, and its effect on the removal of pollutants was also evident. The way of water flowing through the column from its bottom to upper can help alleviate the clog of packed column.
Effects of Inoculating Microorganism Agents on Aerobic Composting of Chicken Manure
Authors: Zhang Min , Li Jin Yang , Chen Dong Yu
Published: June 2012

To study the effects of inoculating microorganism on aerobic composting of chicken manure, this paper utilized microorganism agents screened by ourselves to do research on the effect of compost producing organic fertilizer by chicken manure. The temperature, total carbon, Kjeldahl nitrogen, and seeds germination index were measured during the fermentation. The results showed that, compared with CK, the disposal inoculated with microorganism agents could obviously raise the temperature with the highest reaching 63.5°C and accelerate the organic matter decomposing with lower 4 % than control on the 16 d. The contents of Kjeldahl nitrogen declined from 2.44 % to 1.47 %. Furthermore, the seeds germination index achieved 80 % on the 22 d, higher 9 % than the control. The research described the factors in composting process for discussing the relativity of microorganism and chicken manure composting, which could provide the theoretical basis for the harmlessly efficient decomposition and rapid fermentation of poultry manure.
Methods to Separate Polyester/Wool Blended Fabric
Authors: Lv Li Hua , Zhao Yu Ping , Jiang Zhen , Wu Yong Xin
Published: June 2012

Polyester/wool blended fabrics were studied in this paper, and two methods were developed to separate polyester and wool fiber from physical and chemical respectively according to the characteristic differences between them. The characteristics and the ranges each method can be applied to were pointed out after analyzing factors like cost and conditions of production, complexity of the equipments, the length and continuity of the process and also the recovery of the product and pollutions. The study of this work not only decreased the waste of polyester/wool blended fabrics but also made full use of the two fibers. Also, the secondary pollution of polyester fiber was reduced and the value of wool can be reflected.
System Selection for Recirculating Cooling Water Treatment of Ultra-Supercritical Fossil-Fueled Power Plants
Authors: Huo Shu Hao , Zheng Xue Jing , Ma Zhao Qin
Published: June 2012

The water source of one ultra-supercritical fossil-fueled power plant is municipal reclaimed water and reservoir water. Techno-economic comparison of several schemes for recirculating cooling water treatment system show that the side stream lime softening treatment system is an optimal scheme. It has comprehensive functions of scale prevention, corrosion prevention and removing suspended solids, and the system combines the make-up water softening treatment system and the side stream suspended solid removal treatment system of recirculating cooling water, which reduce the investment and the operation cost, and meet the requirement of maximum water saving. The side stream lime softening treatment system is energy saving and discharge reduction.
The Influence of Users' Behavioral Characteristics on Soundscape in the Waiting Halls of Railway Stations
Authors: Meng Qi , Luo Peng , Li Yan Ru , Guo Jian Chun
Published: June 2012

It has been demonstrated in previous studies that the evaluation of soundscape was influenced by not only social characteristics but also some behavioral characteristics of persons. In this study, more than 600 questionnaire survey has been undertaken at waiting halls of 4 railway stations in capital cities of China, to determine how the users’ behavioral characteristics influence their evaluation of soundscape. The results show that the relationships between evaluation of acoustics and passengers’ waiting time, rest or partners is not significant (p>0.1), but visiting times (p<0.01). The evaluation of subjective loudness is the highest, when waiting time at 1.5 to 2 hours, while evaluation of subjective loudness is general lower at other time. The evaluation of acoustic comfort is more different between sitting and standing, when waiting time at 0.5 to 1 hour. The passengers with no partner will give general higher acoustic comfort at first (<0.5 hours), but give lower acoustic comfort at following time.
The Influence of DEM Resolution on Hydrological Simulation in the Huangshui River Basin
Authors: Song Xuan , Qi Zhen , Du Li Ping , Kou Chang Lin
Published: June 2012

The resolution of digital elevation model (DEM) has important effects on topographic parameters and accuracy of hydrological simulation. Taking Huangshui river basin as an example, the 11 kinds of DEM resolution data are used for studying relationships between DEM resolution and hydrological simulation by Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) based on ArcGIS9.2. The results show that watershed area, the longest channel, total channel length, river network density and slope show downward trend with DEM grid size increasing. The slope change significantly, the maximum slope and average slope drop by 107.76% and 30.56%, respectively. Keeping other parameters of SWAT unchanged, the results of hydrological simulation reveal that runoff change slightly, dropping by 2.05%, but sediment yield decrease significantly, reducing by 41.72% with DEM grid increasing from 10 m to 130m. The results provide the theoretical basis for selecting the appropriate DEM resolution data in the hydrological simulation.
Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Chlorophyll from Filter Mud of Sugercane Mill and Component Analysis
Authors: Guo Hai Rong , Ma Shao Ying , Wang Xiao Fei , Ren Er Fang , Li Yuan Yuan
Published: June 2012

Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was used to extract chlorophylls from filter mud. Ethanol was used as the solvent. The optimal conditions for the MAE of chlorophylls were concluded from the study as the irradiation time, 50 s, the ratio of liquid to solid, 8:1 (mL/g), the extraction temperature, 40 °C, and the extraction time, 60 min. Compared with conventional extraction, the MAE of chlorophylls from the filter mud was more effective. The extraction time for MAE was 60 min with 0.277 mg/g chlorophyll yield, while conventional extraction needed 240 min with only about 0.259 mg/g chlorophyll yield. The Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra of the extracted chlorophylls showed that there was a strong absorption peak at about 663 nm. C=N, Mg-N and C-N was not seen existed from the infrared spectroscopy probably because that the mixed extracts were not purified and the chlorophyll content was less.
Three Systems of Protection and Management about Waters Resource
Authors: He Wen Xue , Li Cha Qing
Published: June 2012

Along with the human activities and the economy development, the amount of waters resource has been decreased, the function of waters is weakened or losing, a series of the ecological environment problems has been gradually emerged. In order to better protect and manage waters resource, the legal system, institutional system, technology systems of the waters resource protection and management must be built as soon as possible, so that the work level of the waters resource protection and management will be advanced by the "three systems", the good condition of the local waters resource is the important guarantee for the social and economic sustainable development.
Investigations on the Concentrations of K, Na Ca, Fe and P in Cymomorium from the Gobi Arid Desert Ecosystem, North-Western China
Authors: Fang Wei Xuan
Published: June 2012

Investigations on macronutrients (K, Na, Ca, Mg and P) and micronutrients (Fe) in windy sand- and salt-resistant plant species such as Cymomorium can help us to get a better understand their behaviours of ecologically environment geochemistry in the Gobi arid desert ecosystem. This study presents our investigations on the concentrations of K, Na Ca, Mg, Fe and P in xerophilous, sabulicolous, superhalophilous Cymomorium from the oasis ecosystem in the Beishan-Tianshan Gobi arid desert, northwestern China. The mean concentrations of macronutrients (K, Na, Ca, Mg and P) in Cymomorium Songaricum Rupr. are, respectively, 1.29±0.29 % K, 2.45±1.08 % Na, 2966±2038 μg g–1 Ca, 2038±1746 μg g–1 Mg and 1462±457 μg g–1 P. Although the average concentrations of Fe concentrations (341±361 μg g–1) is within the normal range of Fe in plant species, the maximum Fe concentrations (1400 μg g-1) were detected in Cymomorium stemmed from the sandy lowland around the Shaquanzi iron mine of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in China. It suggested that the indigenous species of Cymomorium might be one of the appropriate xerohalophyte species to restore the vegetation of the oasis, saline land use for agriculture or arid environments destroyed by mining activities in the dry land because it may have higher ability to accumulate K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe and P from saline soils, and it belongs to the native salt-resistant plant species.
Emissions of CH4 and N2O from a Wetland in Sanjiang Plain
Authors: Guo Ya Fen , Wang Zhen Fen , Song Jin Feng
Published: June 2012

The seasonal variation and influence factors of emission of greenhouse gasses (CH4 and N2O) from the different water depths were studied during the growing seasons in a marsh wetland of Sanjiang Plain of China. The results showed that the wetland was a source of both CH4 and N2O during the growing seasons and emissions showed conspicuous temporal and spatial variations. Emission rates of CH4 were higher in July and August while N2O were higher in June and July. The highest average CH4 flux among the four sites was in the water depth at 40cm with a rate of 37.00 mg•m-2•h-1 and the lowest was in the water depth at 0cm with a rate of 8.13 mg•m-2•h-1. While the highest average N2O flux was in the water depth at 0cm with a rate of 0.063 mg•m-2•h-1 and the lowest was in the water depth at 60cm with a rate of 0.034 mg•m-2•h-1. Further analysis indicated that water depth at 40cm and the soil temperature at 5cm were the main factors affecting CH4 emission. Water depths at 0 and 40cm were the main factors affecting N2O emission. Air temperature and surface soil temperature were not the main factors affecting CH4 and N2O emissions.
Research on Carbon Emissions Estimation and Decomposition of Industry in Hebei Province
Authors: Hao Dong Heng , Li Guo Zhu , Wang Dian Ru
Published: June 2012

This paper estimated the carbon emissions of the large-scale industrial enterprises in Hebei Province, and analyzed their changing factors using the LMDI method. The results shows that major factors affecting the carbon emissions of industry in Hebei province are energy intensity, industrial structure and output changes . Seen from the absolute value , industrial output has the greatest impact on carbon emissions followed by energy intensity. Industrial structures has the least impact. The combined impact of industrial energy saving technological progress and industrial structure adjustment on carbon emissions is less than that of industrial output.
Vocational Education on Environmental Protection in China: A Case Study of Changsha Environmental Protection Vocational College
Authors: Fan Jing Jing
Published: June 2012

During the last decades, especially the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, China vocational education on environmental protection has made remarkable progresses. The vocational education on environmental protection has developed fast and spread widely, and formed an integrity system with various kinds of types. On the basis of analyzing the development status of vocational education in the field of China environmental protection and the cooperative mechanism and operative mode of production, teaching, research and application of partial higher vocational environmental education and environmental majors at home, this paper describes the history and development of vocational education on environmental protection in China and conducted a case study of vocational education on Changsha Environmental Protection Vocational College (CEPVC). The purpose is to identify lessons from past experience in vocational education to inform future development. The retrospective nature of this paper focuses attention on what has been done in the past, and to a lesser extent on the nature of current state. There are significant issues in vocational education, for example, the contribution of training to informal sector employment, that fall largely outside of vocational education experience, this is important for the future.
The Coagulation Performance and Floc Characteristics of Yellow River Reservoir Water Coagulated by Composite Coagulant Prepared by Polymeric Aluminum Ferric Chloride and Polydimethyl Diallylammonium Chloride
Authors: Li Xiang Zuo , Wang Yan , Zhao Shuang
Published: June 2012

In this paper, inorganic polymeric ferric aluminum chloride (PFAC) and composite polymeric aluminum ferric chloride polydimethyl diallylammonium chloride (PFAC-PDADMAC) were applied for the coagulation treatment of Yellow River reservoir water. The coagulation efficiency of PFAC-PDADMAC for reservoir water treatment was investigated at different weight ratios (Ferric and Aluminum to PDADMAC, Wr=2, 4 and 8). During coagulation, the size distribution, breakage factor (Bf) and recovery factor (Rf) of flocs was investigated to systemically estimate the floc characteristics of PFAC-PDADMAC coagulation system. It was confirmed that coagulation performance of PFAC-PDADMAC was better than that of PFAC when Wr and dosage were 4 and 8 mg/L, respectively for Yellow River reservoir water coagulation. Although they were more sensitive to external interference, the flocs formed by PFAC-PDADMAC coagulation system had bigger size, faster growth rate and stronger re-growth capability than that by PFAC coagulation system. At Wr=4, the floc size and growth rate of flocs by PFAC-PDMDAAC coagulation were 409μm and 54 μm/min, respectively.
Fine Root Decomposition Dynamics in Moso Bamboo Forest of Southeast China
Authors: Tang Yi Lin , Zhou Ben Zhi , Li Qian
Published: June 2012

To provide an important basis for the biogeochemical cycle of bamboo forest ecosystem, particularly the cycling of carbon, we studied decomposition dynamics of fine root in moso bamboo forest. Our study area located in Miaoshanwu nature reserve, Fuyang, Zhejiang province. Based on our study, we concluded: (1) the process of bamboo fine root with diameter less than 2mm and within 2-5mm can be modeled with Olson Decomposition Exponential Model. It showed that decomposition for fine root with thinner diameter is faster than that with thicker diameter.(2) The mass loss for the fine root with less than 2mm diameter and within 2-5mm diameter is 41.30% and 37.64% after half-year decomposition respectively, 62.61% and 56.27% after one year decomposition respectively.(3) It takes 8.13 months and 9.75 months respectively for 50% mass loss and 38.77 months and 48.36 months for 95% mass loss respectively for the two diameter classes of fine root.
Effects of Ultrasonic and Physical-Rays Treatment on the Molecular Structures of Poly(γ-Glutamic Acid)
Authors: Hui Ming , Gao Chun Yuan , Tian Qing , Du Xiao Bo , Yin Xiang Long
Published: June 2012

Molecule structures of poly(γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA) were modified by ultrasonic, UV and 60Co γ-rays irradiation treatments, which might be used to prepare the polymer with low molecular weight. When 10 g/l γ-PGA solution was sonicated 60 times (400W, working time 3 s and interval 4 s) or that of 20 g/l solution was irradiated from 2 kGy to 10 kGy, the long-chain molecules were broken into smaller fragments. But, as the same solution of 10 g/l was irradiated by UV rays for 10 min, the molecular aggregates were observed in the solution so that the molecular weight distribution of γ-PGA became narrower compared with the control through the analysis of SDS-PAGE. These results would have a reference of the modification of γ-PGA molecules and the production of low molecular weight γ-PGA.
Lithology-Logging-Lithomechanics Parameter Relationship Charts of Nantun Formation in Beizhong Depression, Hailaer Basin
Authors: Yang Gui Fang , Zhang Yu Guang , Zhuo Sheng Guang , Wang Yun Tao , Zhang Li Fang , Cai Qing , Jiang Guo Bin
Published: June 2012

Beizhong sub-sag is a secondary fault subsidence of the Bear Lake Depression in Hailarer Basin. Horizontally the sag distributes about 800km2, and thickness of its sedimentary formation is up to 4600m. The main target formation in the Beizhong sub-sag is the Nantun formation, and the Nantun formation is classified into the low and top zones (zone 1 and zone 2), which the zone 1 is the primarily oil reservoir in the Beizhong sub-sag. This paper presents a methodology to establish the relationship charts of the lithomechanics parameters based on the log data. It will provide the theoretical guide for drilling, reservoir fracturing and reservoir reformation in the Nantun formation.
The Technology of Merging Single Force Plate Gait Trails to Simulate Full Gait Cycle in Environmental Health Research
Authors: Yi Wang , Xu Hang , Merryweather Andrew
Published: June 2012

The article studies the way of combining double foot data into one gait cycle from data collected from only one force plate, and the reliability with comparing the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between combined and original trails is validated. The joint moment values, knee muscles value were also computed by OpenSim based on the dynamic model. Correlation coefficients and normalized RMSE were used as the compared factors between two trails. Correlation coefficients are all above 0.9 for joint moments, and all above 0.95 for knee muscles except for biceps femoris - long head. The technology would get higher reliability and improving the accuracy of simulation result by increasing the numbers of collection trails and selecting pairs trails which got higher correlation coefficients.
Analysis of Lightning Activities of Lishui Bridge Based on Statistical Method
Authors: Yang Zhong Jiang , Lin Bin Bin , Xu Le , Zhang Tian
Published: June 2012

Using lightning location data of 9 stations in Hunan Province from 2007 and 2009, we analyze the lightning strength and frequency in Lishui bridge area and have a description of yearly and daily distribution. It shows that Lishui bridge regional lightning presented a mono-peak feature. Lightning mainly occurs from February to September, especially in August. Daily distribution here is extremely uneven. And lightning most happens in 6 a.m. and 4 p.m., which is different from most parts of China. Ground flash density near the bridge is 2.2 times /km2•a. Lightning intensity ranges from 25 kA to 65 kA. Strong lighting at 40-50 kA, even up to 200 kA, is more likely to take place. It has very important significance in choosing the lightning flow of surge protective devices.
Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of the Chloridizing Roasting Process for a High Copper Pyrite Cinder
Authors: Bai Shao Jun , Wen Shu Ming , Chen Yu , Shen Hai Ying , Liu Dan , Deng Jiu Shuai
Published: June 2012

This study aimed to obtain volatile copper from a high-copper pyrite cinder by optimizing the chloridizing roasting process using response surface methodology (RSM). The effect of key parameters, i.e., dosage of CaCl2 addition, roasting time and roasting temperature, on the copper volatile ratio was investigated and a quadratic model was suggested by the methodology to correlate the variables to this volatile ratio. The results indicated that the model was in good agreement with the experimental data at a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9782, and the most influential parameter on efficiency was identified as the dosage of CaCl2 addition. The optimum conditions for chloridizing roasting from the high copper pyrite cinder were identified as a dosage of CaCl2 addition of 4.8 wt%, a roasting time of 19.28 min and a roasting temperature of 1151.51 °C; under such conditions, a copper volatile ratio of 97.82% was achieved. The pellets obtained by this process are characterized by a high content of hematite, and the main impurity element contents are consistent with the requirements for iron concentrate, which is suitable for use in ironmaking.
Kinetics Behavior and Sulfur Transformations of Iron Sulfide during Supercritical Water Oxiation
Authors: Ma Hong He , Wang Shu Zhong , Zhou Lu
Published: June 2012

Oxidation of iron sulfide in supercritical water was investigated in the batch reactor. Iron sulfide was converted in two parallel processes: gasification by water and oxidation by oxygen. Assuming that the reaction order of H2O was 0, the activation energy and pre-exponential factor of the gasification process were determined to be 43kJ mol-1 and 22.4 min-1, correspondingly. It is found that above 773K the oxidation process was limited by the mass transfer of O2 to particles surface. Below 773K, with an assumption of zero order in H2O concentration and first-order reaction in oxygen concentration, the activation energy and pre-exponential factor for the rate of oxidation were estimated as154kJ mol-1 and 1.7×106m3 mol-1 min-1, respectively. With supercritical water oxidation under the experimental conditions, the sulfur-containing components in the product were sulfide, sulfite and sulfate, in which sulfide and sulfate were predominant. It is likely to completely convert the sulfur to the sulfate by supercritical water oxidation using high temperature and long reaction time. The reaction pathway of iron sulfide could be expressed as: iron sulfide → sulfide → sulfite → sulfate.
Effects of Different Sr2+ Concentrations on Seedling Growth of Indica and Japonica Cultured by Hoagland Solution
Authors: Xiang Xun Chao , Xu Yan Fang , Long Xiao Lin , Su Wen Li
Published: June 2012

The paper studied capacity of Indica and Japonica in seedling for Sr2+ stress in different concentration. Seedlings of Indica and Japonica were cultured in 6 different gradient concentrations by using Hoagland solution. Fresh weight and dry weight, rice pigment content, enzyme activity for stress tolerance etc. were measured. The results showed that Sr2+ in low concentration could promote development and with high fresh/dry weight. At 10mmol/L of Sr2+ concentration, dry weight of Japonica Jing925 was increased by 27.40%, compared with control. However, Indica CG132R was only 7.8% over its control. Sr2+ of high concentration inhibited plant growth. They had higher chlorophyll content no matter Indica or Japonica when they were cultured in low Sr2+concentration. In contrast, their chlorophyll contents were decreased. Japonica had higher POD activity than Indica, and Indica had higher CAT activity than Japonica. All in all, Japonica Jing925 had stronger defense ability than Indica CG132R in adversity environment.
Grey Relational Analysis on Factors Affecting Low Carbon Agriculture
Authors: Tao Ai Xiang
Published: June 2012

This paper expounds the concept of low carbon agriculture and analyses the factors affecting low carbon agriculture by means of grey relational theory. The conclusion shows that, according the important degree from high to low, the factors affecting the development level of low carbon agriculture are as follows: the number of rural adult attending technical training; the quantity of rural population; the quantity of agricultural technical personnel; Total power of agricultural machinery and agricultural finance investment. Therefore , we should firstly take effective measures to increase the number of rural adult attending technical training. Then ,we should pay more emphasizes on the quantity of rural population and the quantity of agricultural technical personnel.
Discussion on the Key Problems of Yellow River Water Right Transfer between Two Cities
Authors: Zhang Wen Ge , Yin Hui Juan , Zhang Nan
Published: June 2012

First Yellow River water right transfer between two cities was defined in this paper. Then the basic principles that should be obeyed were put forward. Last the involving key problems including the reduction of water fee income affecting the operation of the irrigation area management departments, collection of industrial water resource fee and its payment, time limit of Yellow River water right transfer between two cities and the succeeding transfer after the expiry, the inharmonious guarantee rate between agricultural irrigation water and industrial water, the financing model, the inconsistence between the date of the water-saving rehabilitation structures putting into effect and the date of the main engineering putting into operation were discussed.
Productivity Decrease as a Result of its Incorrect Perceptions and Superficial Attitudes
Authors: Sheikhaboumasoudi Ali , Sheikh Aboumasoudi Abbas
Published: June 2012

Today productivity has been proposed more than a mere economic index and criterion. It has been proposed as a culture, a general approach, a system-oriented attitude and a total of all components so that it could cause interaction in economic, social, and cultural aspects of the society, organization and even individuals. In this regard, some incorrect perceptions and superficial attitudes from productivity have caused that some important factors be hidden from planners and politicians’ view in micro and macro levels and not only productivity hasn’t been increased but also as a consequence, it has been decreased and has made organizations or society encountered with wasting of resources and misguiding of the main route of growth and development so that if the future generations wanted to embark on reforming, it would be a very difficult, long term work and demands high material and immaterial costs. Therefore, the researchers attempt to discuss some of the most important of these perceptions, attitudes and hidden factors of productivity in brief.
Study on the Enterprise Technology Innovation Support Systems of New Energy Source
Authors: Yan Hui Jie , Zhang Mu , Kuang Shu Yan
Published: June 2012

According to the characteristics of new energy source industry, a theoretical analysis on the influence factors of enterprise credit risk of new energy source industry, such as financial factors, technological innovation capability, enterprises growth, technical features and so on, is carried out. Taking the listed companies of new energy source industry in China as samples, through the factor analysis method, an empirical analysis on the influence factors of enterprise credit risk of new energy source industry is realized. The experimental results show that the debt service factor rank first, its interpreting ability to enterprise credit risk is 30.136%; the innovation and growth factor rank second, its interpreting ability to enterprise credit risk is 17.936%; however, the influence of other factors, such as operating factor and regional economic factor, etc, on enterprise credit risk is relatively weak.
3D Reconstruction of Jatropha curcas L. Root Based on Image
Authors: Liu Ke Nan , Yang Qi Liang , Sun Ying Jie , Ge Zhen Yang , Zhang Yan
Published: June 2012

Because the plant roots are in underground, hard observation and measurement, the simulation and 3 D reconstruction of the plant roots is always a difficulty of virtual plant. This paper based on image modeling technology, according to different viewpoint in space in the distribution of the sparse photo stems and roots corresponding stems the corresponding relation of solving the halfway point, to rebuild 3 D model of the plant roots.Targeted at the root of Jatropha Curcas, the experimental results show that the method is feasible and effective, and can provide reference for the establishment of a complete plant visualization system.