bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“頭”與“身”: 可易乎？——中國古代故事中的頭身關係探討
Authors: LI Yan , XIE Weidong
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.2017 年開展的換頭術引發社會各界關注和談論。本文嘗試對中國古代文獻資料中提及的有關頭身分離後重聯的故事進行整理研究，以探討中國文化中的頭身關係及其與現代換頭術之間的關聯和倫理衝突。筆者使用資料庫檢索獲取文獻，經過人工篩選納入符合本研究的故事。精讀後分組，歸納各組案例的特色並與換頭術進行比較研究。通過四組故事分析後，可見其綜合體現了中國傳統信仰中的魂魄觀、傳統哲學中的形神觀、傳統中國醫學中“心主神明”的觀念以及中國中古外科手術的狀況。而當代換頭術即使獲得技術的成功也更加需要回應文化、倫理的拷問。A head transplant is an experimental surgical operation involving the grafting of one organism’s head onto the body of another. Since 2017, with the announcement of the Heaven project, the possibility of head transplantation has raised public concern and caused heated ethical debate in China. This essay approaches the discussion from the perspective of the relationship between the head and the body in ancient Chinese literature. The study highlights the traditional Chinese belief in the unity of corporeality and spirituality, with the human mind viewed as the foundational element of personal identity. The essay also interprets stories involving head removal and head transplantation from the perspective of medical ethics today.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 68 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
中國“病人自主權”的歷史演變——20 世紀80 年代之前
Authors: CHENG Guobin
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.本文簡要梳理了從帝制時代到上世紀80 年代之前中國病人自主狀況和相關社會理念的演變過程，並對其出現的特定歷史條件進行了初步分析。中國傳統的病人自主權是整合在社會禮法秩序中的病人家長制。雖然從中國近代到新中國成立初期，病人自主狀況和自主權的概念都發生了一定的變化，但因為它們幾乎都屈從於這兩個階段的社會政治運動，所以無法實現基礎倫理結構和價值觀的轉變。目前中國從西方引入的現代個人主義式的病人自主權概念，不僅與傳統的理解存在巨大差異，也與當前的醫學生活與社會制度不完全匹配。在中國解決病人權利保護的難題，不是任何一種單一化的理念引進、制度改造或者政治運動就可以實現的，我們必須把自己的思考投入到那個歷史與當下、理論與現實、中國與西方糾纏在一起的真實的世界，才有可能發現問題的癥結並找到正確的方向。This essay offers a historical outline of the evolution of patient autonomy and related social and medical concepts in China from the imperial era to the 1980s. The author contends that the idea of patient autonomy was totally absent from traditional Chinese culture, as every area of society, from family to medicine, was structured according to a distinctively paternalistic model and regulated by ritual guidelines (lifa). Although the Western medical practices that arrived in China in the 1840s somewhat altered the Chinese approach to medicine, and the physician-patient relationship was viewed in a more egalitarian manner after the establishment of “new China” in 1949, the effects of these changes were minimal due to the political ideology of the time. The author argues that taking a historical perspective on the issues of patient autonomy and the rights of patients in China will aid understanding of the current challenges facing medicine in China and suggest ways of resolving ethical dilemmas and ambiguities at both a theoretical and a practical level.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 122 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
文化戰爭中的家庭觀與同性婚姻
Authors: WANG Jue
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract in English only.Mark Cherry’s critical reflection on same-sex marriage is based on a general discussion of the culture war between the traditional view of the family and the liberal view. He discloses three kinds of social and moral risks in the cultural transformation from the traditional family to the post-modern family, and casts doubt on the goal of the legalization of same-sex marriage in contemporary society.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 91 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
家庭與社會公義
Authors: YUNG Lawrence
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract in English only.Mark Cherry’s article identifies claims regarding individual autonomy, gender neutrality, and rights to sexual freedom as taking a commanding place within the secular liberal recasting of the family to grant same-sex marriage the same legal status as heterosexual marriage. Cherry refers to Plato’s proposal of abolishing family in Republic (Book V) as a precursor to reforming the family to engineer currently favored versions of social justice. This paper adds to the discussion on family and social justice with an explication of this proposal of abolishing family and a comparison with the Confucian ideal of Great Unity.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 122 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
儒家信仰與同性婚姻: 二者能否兼得？
Authors: XIE Guangkuan
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract in English only.This commentary discusses the problem of the ethical integrity of same-sex marriage raised by Fang. It argues that same-sex marriage does not necessarily have an ethical integrity problem: same-sex couples can be modern Confucians with no conflict with the fundamental doctrines of Confucianism.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 83 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
挑戰與應對——中國傳統哲學視角下ＡＩ時代的醫患關係
Authors: XU Hanhui
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract in English only.AI physicians may replace human physicians in the foreseeable future. This, according to some philosophers, would maximize patients’ autonomy by helping to eradicate the paternalistic model of the doctor–patient relationship. In my view, however, this trend might pose a new threat to patients’ autonomy: the domination of machines. AI physicians would become dominant, depriving patients of their autonomy. This issue cannot be appropriately addressed until an alternative view of the doctor–patient relationship is available. The Confucian perspective on this relationship may be helpful. In Confucian thought, interaction between the physician and the patient is crucial. Thus, a better model would involve doctors, patients and AI devices, with AI-based diagnosis helping doctors to serve patients as efficiently as possible.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 22 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
新冠瘟疫蔓延時的「知情同意」原則
Authors: ZHANG Ellen Y.
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.本文就此次爆發的心冠病毒疸疫，探討中國在對抗疫情過程中所帶出的幾個倫理議題，尤其是如何把握傳染病突發處理中「知情同意」的倫理原則。根據世界衛生組織的規定，「知情同意」意指有行為能力的個體根據充分的相關信息採取行動的主動權，這個行動不能受到強制或謗導。然而在疫情突發時期，知情同意所涵蓋的諸如知情、能力、自願等原則在公共衛生受到挑戰之時也會受到一定的限制。如何在個人自主、個人權利與公共衛生、公共利益之間找到平衡？如何在最低限度的道德言語中找到共同的道德原則，這是疫情中值得探討的倫理議題。本文從世衛《傳染爆發倫理問題指南》出發，對其具 體的倫理原則進行分析，並將其原則放在此次爆發的疫情情境中加以説明，刨析這些原則在具體操作上的困境。作者最後試圖從儒家倫理學的角度闡述如何在東方的「家長主義式干預」和西方的「個體自主式不干預」中找到平衡點，如何在保護公民權利與保證公共衛生中找到平衡點。This paper addresses the question of informed consent during the COVID-19 pandemic. Informed consent is “the process in which a competent individual authorizes a course of action based on sufficient relevant information, without coercion or undue inducement” (WHO, 2016). However, informed consent based on disclosure, capacity, and voluntariness has been seriously challenged during the public health crisis we are facing today. How should we resolve the ethical conflict between individual autonomy and individual rights and public health and public good? How should we attain social consensus through “the minimum grammar” of common morality? In this paper, I first introduce the WHO’s “Guidance for Managing Ethical Issues in Infectious Disease Outbreaks” (2016) and its seven basic principles: justice, beneficence, utility, respect for persons, liberty, reciprocity, and solidarity. I then explain how those principles could face challenges in implementation during the pandemic, as there will always be tensions between individual rights, state interference, and health paternalism. Finally, I explore from a Confucian perspective the possibility of seeking the “middle point” between paternalism and individual autonomy, and between civil liberties and public health.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 26 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
2019冠狀病毒病疫情下的道德議題的初步哲學探索
Authors: CHAN Benedict S. B.
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.在2019冠狀病毒疫情之下，至少有兩個公共術生政策的道德議題變得異常重要。第一，現時有不少爭議是關於這些抗疫政策與個人自由的衡突。這是很典型的公共善與個人自由衡突的道德爭論，但疫情令這樣的衡突成為直接而迫切的顧慮。第 二，這個世界在疫情之前已有很多嚴重的不平等問題，但現在有些防疫政策令社會的不平等變得更為嚴重。儘管本文不會為這兩個道德議題給予肯定的解答，但會集中探究在討論這些道德議題的跨學科辯論中，應該用到甚麽道德推論和基礎，並會 詳細解釋以下幾個重要理念。第一，作者會論證，衛生道德人權的理念並不能充分地成為解決這些問題的道德基礎。第二， 不純粹用到權利進路的話，作者會論證應該用到阿馬蒂亞.森的後果評價和能力進路作為道德推論和基礎。第三，這兩個由森提出的理念可以把不同的道德理論和傳統與公共衛生議題連繫起來。作者會以儒家為道德傳統的例子，論證如何以後果 評價、能力進路和儒家當中的一些理念與價值，以此提出一些可能方向，去處理上述兩個道德議題。At least two moral issues of some public health policies have become significant in the COVID-19 pandemic. First, it is arguable that some policies to address the present pandemic conflict with individual freedom. This is a typical moral debate between public good and individual freedom, but the COVID-19 pandemic has made this conflict a more immediate and urgent concern. Second, the world had serious inequality problems prior to the pandemic, and some of the new public health policies have caused more severe social inequalities. Instead of providing definitive answers to these two moral issues, this paper focuses on what types of moral reasoning and foundation should be used in the interdisciplinary debates around these problems. Several ideas are discussed in detail. First, the author argues that the idea of moral human rights to health is not a sufficient moral foundation to solve these problems. Second, the author argues that in addition to the right talk, we should use Amartya Sen’s consequential evaluation and the capability approach as the foundation and moral reasoning. Third, the author argues that these two ideas from Sen can connect different moral traditions with public health issues. The author uses Confucianism as an example of a moral tradition, and argues for possible directions to address the moral issues using ideas and values from consequential evaluation, the capability approach, and Confucianism.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 60 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
同體共生——從佛教觀點看器官捐獻
Authors: HAO Jing
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.隨著現代醫療科技的發展與人類對生存質素的要求漸高，器官捐獻已成為廣受議論的倫理難題，也是現代佛教人文關懷必須面對的議題。佛教教理與生命觀自成體系，當能回應現代人因這項抉擇所帶來的煩惱，如指引他們採取何種態度、或真正面臨死生交界之時，應如何在小我利益與大我利益之間抉擇，以發起悲願心，實踐菩薩行中最難以割捨的大體佈施等。本文從中國佛教倫理的觀點立場，反省人類器官捐獻的困惑與迷茫，說明供體的一方如果自願效法菩薩大行、捨身肉頭目髓腦以利濟眾生，其“身佈施、無畏施”的慈悲心行是可貴的。我們可從佛陀釋迦牟尼本生故事中找到菩薩割肉喂鷹、捨身飼虎的豐富例證，以及由佛教“緣起緣生”之基本教義所導出的“護生”精神。With the rapid development of medicinal technology, organ transplantation and donation have become an important issue in contemporary bioethics. On the one hand, organ transplantation is an effective means to saving lifes which has benefited from the incredible progress of medical science in the past few decades. On the other hand, organ donation involves profound ethical dimensions and ambiguities. This paper attempts to examine the issue of organ donation from a Buddhist viewpoint. Through textual exegeses and the explication of some key Buddhist ideas, such as the Bodhisattva’s great compassion and doctrine of inter-dependent origination, it seems that organ donation is accepted by Buddhism. Nevertheless, whether to donate or not is entirely a personal choice, and a dead body should be handled with special care. The conclusion states that organ donation is an act of giving/charity (dāna) to those who need relief from their suffering and thus is seen as a great virtue through which we can create a world of co-existence.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 456 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
ANALISIS KOMBINASI PEMBELAJARAN MODUL, E-MODUL, DAN GAYA BELAJAR TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR BIOLOGI
Authors: Larasati Anggia Dwi Larasati Dwi , Sujarwanta Agus
Published: March 2021

Learning outcomes are the final acquisition of the learning process. Learning outcomes are the limits owned by students in understanding the material. Good learning outcomes can reflect a good learning style because knowing and understanding the best learning styles for him will help students learn so that the results will be maximal. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the combination of learning modules on learning outcomes, the influence of learning styles on learning outcomes, and the effect between the combination of learning modules and learning styles on learning outcomes. The technique used to collect data about student learning outcomes, the tests carried out are formative tests. Forms of the questions used are multiple choice questions compiled with a grid that refers to competency standards and basic competencies. Data analysis technique that will be used to test the hypothesis in this study is to use inferential parametric statistics by using the Anova two way classification analysis technique. Before testing the hypothesis, normality and homogeneity of the data are tested as a prerequisite for data analysis. Based on the research conducted, it can be concluded that the e-modules studied are feasible to be used as one of the reference teaching materials in learning biology in schools.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN VARIASI Azolla microphylla PADA PAKAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN IKAN BAUNG SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR BIOLOGI
Authors: Rahayu Untung Tri , Santoso Handoko , Achyani Achyani
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian variasi Azolla microphylla   pada pakan terhadap pertumbuhan ikan baung. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini adalah pemberian variasi Azolla pada pakan. Pakan dengan Variasi Azolla 1000g, Azolla 2000g dan Azolla 3000g. Parameter yang diukur dalam penelitian ini meliputi laju pertumbuhan bobot ikan, panjang ikan, dengan data pendukung berupa kelulushidupan ikan, dan kualitas air pada media pemeliharaan. Data utama kemuadian ditabulasi dan dianalisis menggunakan aplikasi SPSS yang meliputi Analisis Ragam One Way Anava. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan uji laboratorium berupa uji kandungan protein pada pakan ikan baung yang di gunakan selama pengamatan. Pengujian kandungan protein pada pakan dilakukan di Laboratorium Analisis  Politeknik Negeri Lampung.  Berdasarkan Hasil analisis ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa pemberian variasi Azolla microphylla   pada pakan memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan bobot dan pertumbuhan panjang ikan baung (P<0,05). Persentase kelangsungan hidup ikan baung selama penelitian mencapai 64,4-66,6%. Suhu yang didapat selama penelitian berkisar 28,65-29,50C. Sedangkan pH yang didapat selama penelitian berkisar 6,9-7,2.
UJI SINERGIS KONSORSIA BAKTERI INDIGEN LCN DENGAN KONSORSIA BAKTERI TANAH DI KEBUN PERCOBAAN UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH METRO SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR BIOLOGI
Authors: Rifai M Rustam - , Widowati Hening , Sutanto Agus
Published: March 2021

Abstract: Antagonistic bacteria in the activities of one organism with other organisms compete with each other in fighting over places, air, water, food (nutrients).  If the bacteria do not compete with each other but those bacteria can interact and synergize, and share the same nutritional sources and behave cooperatively between bacteria in their habitat. It is said to be synergisticThe goal is to find out the 15 consortia of LCN indigenous bacteria with soil bacteria can be synergistic so, it can be consortified. To utilize the synergistic test results of the consortia of LCN indigen bacteria with soil bacteria as a source of learning biology. The research design is a quantitative experiment . Synergistic test using Streak Plate Method on Nutrient Agar medium. The test results show that X2value 56.86> X2table 23.68 with α 0.05 in the chi-square table, so it can be concluded that there is a synergy between LCN Indigenous Bacteria and Soil Bacteria. The validation results show that the microbiology practicum guide with 96% results has a very good qualification so, it is suitable as a biology learning source in the form of a microbiology practicum guide based on scientific approach.
PENGARUH PGPR AKAR BAMBU APUS DAN PUPUK LIMBAH CAIR NANAS TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAWANG DAUN UNTUK INFORMASI MASYARAKAT
Authors: Yulistiana Elza - , Widowati Hening , Sutanto Agus
Published: March 2021

Increasing agricultural crop production, especially onion, can be done by improving the optimal growing environment for plants. Plant roots can be optimized for the absorption of nutrients and water in the process of photosynthesis. One way that can be used is by applying Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). In addition to increasing the content of micro and macro elements in the soil can also support the growth of leek plants obtained by applying Pineapple Liquid Waste (LCN) made using bacterial isolation and can meet the needs of nutrients in plants. This study aims to determine the effect Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) from Apus (Gigantochola apus) bamboo root and Pineapple Liquid Waste (LCN) fertilizer on the growth of leeks (Allium fistulosum L.), then the results of this study are treated as community information in the form of Leaflets. The method used in this study was an experiment using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) system consisting of 4x4 factorials with 3 replications. Based on the results of calculations and data analysis, the results show that there is an effect of PGPR and LCN on the growth of scallions on the height and number of tillers per scallion plant family, but there is no influence on pseudo stem circumference and wet weight per scallion plant family, and the results of this study can be used as a source of public information in the form of leaflets with an average percentage included in good eligibility criteria.
PENGARUH PENDEKATAN TERPADU (INTEGRATED APPROACH) DAN BERPIKIR KREATIF TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI ILMIAH PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Kurniawan Kurniawan , Achyani Achyani , Widowati Hening
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study is to see the effect of an integrated approach and creative thinking on the scientific communication skills of students of class VIII of SMP Negeri 1 Bumi Agung Way Kanan Lampung. The expected benefits of this study are to get creative thinking and have scientific communication skills for students in learning. This research is quantitative with Quasi Experimental type research with 2 x 2 factorial design using Posttest Control Only Group Design research. The results obtained include: The value of scientific communication shows the influence of an integrated approach to the scientific communication skills of students. The results of scientific communication of students who are given action show better than the results of scientific communication of students who are not given action. Through an integrated approach learners are

 

motivated and enthusiastic about learning. Creative thinking abilities possessed by students can not reflect the ability of scientific communication they have. High or low creative thinking skills possessed by students can not be a determinant or benchmark of written scientific communication skills possessed by students. The scientific communication skills of students are influenced by internal and external factors of students. Both of these affect the results of scientific communication written by students. Thus concluded learning with an integrated approach can affect students' scientific communication skills, there is no influence of creative thinking on students' scientific communication skills, and there is no interaction between integrated approaches and creative thinking on students' written scientific communication skills.
EFEKTIVITAS VARIASI KONSENTRASI EKSTRAK DAGING BUAH BINTARO SEBAGAI INSEKTISIDA LEPIDOPTERA PADA BAWANG DAUN SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Kurniawan Andi , Muhfahroyin Muhfahroyin , Sutanto Agus
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas variasi konsentrasi ekstrak daging buah bintaro (Carberra odollam) sebagai insektisida ulat grayak (Lepidoptera) pada tanaman bawang daun (Allium fistulosum L) Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian ini jenis eksperimen yang menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Dalam rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan 4 taraf yaitu perlakuan dengan,konsentrasi ekstrak 1%, 1,5%, 2% dan kontrol  menggunakan insektisida berbahan aktif Tenano, tiap perlakuan dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak 3 kali sehingga jumlah percobaan yang akan dilakukan sebanyak 12 kali. Hasil analisis menunjukkan: (1) Pemberian variasi ekstrak buah bintaro berpengaruh tehadap pertumbuhan mortalias ulat grayak. Berdasarkan hasil analisi nilai sig. 0,000< 0,05 yang berarti pemberian variasi ekstrak buah bintaro dengan dosis berbeda berpengaruh terhadap mortalitas ulat grayak.  (2) Variasi penambahan ekstrak buah bintaro menyebabkan mortalitas yang berbeda-beda. Mortalitas terbaik pada perlakuan P0V3 dengan pemberian variasi ekstrak sebanyak 2% dan terendah pada perlakuan P0V1 pemberian ekstrak 1%.  (3) Aktivitas bioinsektisida ekstrak metanol buah bintaro terhadap mortalitas ulat grayak rendah. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi yang digunakan maka semakin tinggi pula mortalitas ulat grayak. Aktivitas bioinsektisida ekstrak metanol buah bintaro terhadap mortalitas ulat grayak rendah. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi yang digunakan maka semakin tinggi pula mortalitas ulat grayak.
ANALISIS PENTINGNYA PENGEMBANGAN CD INTERAKTIF PEMBELAJARAN IPA BERBASIS INTEGRASI NILAI-NILAI KE-ISLAMAN
Authors: Triana Prita , Widowati Hening
Published: March 2021

Pengembangan media pembelajaran didasarkan pada proses rendahnya hasil belajar IPA yang dimungkinkan akibat penggunaan media pembelajaran yang kurang memadai pada materi keseimbangan lingkungan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan produk berupa CD interaktif dengan mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai Islam sebagai media pembelajaran IPA dalam materi Keseimbangan Lingkungan yang tepat. Mengatasi masalah dan memenuhi kebutuhan yang ada dengan media pembelajaran berupa CD interaktif yang valid sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai media dalam pembelajaran. Metode pengembangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah model pengembangan yang dikemukakan oleh Trianto (2011: 189) yaitu Model 4-D. Model ini terdiri dari 4 tahap pengembangan, yaitu pendefinisian, perancangan, pengembangan, dan penyebaran. Penelitian ini akan dijelaskan hingga tahap pendefinisian. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dan analisis kebutuhan, dapat dikatakan bahwa bahan ajar berupa CD Interaktif pembelajaran IPA pada materi keseimbangan lingkungan berbasis nilai-nilai Islam perlu diperhatikan sebagai penunjang dalam proses pembelajaran IPA.
Ensayo en defensa de la ontología
Authors: Miranda Gabriel
Published: March 2021

El presente trabajo, de carácter exploratorio, propone un ejercicio filosófico sobre el proceso de construcción del conocimiento. En un momento histórico marcado por el relativismo y el subjetivismo, cuyas expresiones más radicales aparecen en movimientos como el "terraplanismo", este ensayo propone el rescate de una producción ontológica del conocimiento, o sea, centrado en lo real y no en las múltiples interpretaciones posibles que lo real puede adquirir. Con este fin, se recuperan las contribuciones de autores clásicos como Karel Kosík, José Chasin, Karl Marx y Friedrich Engels. Del mismo modo, el texto también destaca la necesidad de superar la separación entre la producción científica y la acción política, señalando la necesidad de una ciencia dedicada a un proyecto de transformación social en beneficio de aquellos y aquellas quienes, en la sociabilidad burguesa, son explotados y oprimidos.
La llave que cierra un territorio alambrado
Authors: Cacace María Florencia
Published: March 2021

Desde diversas perspectivas, se alude a la tendencia creciente a la ‘memorialización’, se reconstruye el pasado desde el presente y la memoria invade el espacio público de las sociedades occidentales (Traverso, 2007). Se habla del abuso de la memoria (Todorov, 2000), o del ‘turismo de la memoria’, con la conversión de lugares dedicados al pasado y el desarrollo de una industria de recuerdos. En este sentido, Enzo Traverso plantea que <> (Traverso, 2007, p. 68).
En este clima de época, se inscribe una serie de spots audiovisuales que formó parte de una campaña pre-electoral en la provincia de San Luis, que le otorga relevancia al testimonio de sujetos anónimos, todos/as vecinos/as de edades diferentes que recuperan su memoria respecto de lo que significa ‘ser puntano/a’.
Aplicaciones didácticas de la ciberprensa en la Educación Obligatoria
Authors: Martín Herrera Inmaculada
Published: March 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar sobre los usos didácticos de la prensa digital en la Educación Obligatoria. Con la revisión bibliográfica se han identificado investigaciones y experiencias docentes, que nos han permitido conocer las aplicaciones educativas de estos medios. Las conclusiones revelan que el ámbito escolar apoya la integración curricular de la ciberprensa, tanto por sus beneficios en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje como por sus usos docentes, entre los que figuran la lectura de noticias, ser un complemento al libro de texto y la realización de debates. Igual de importante son las competencias que adquieren los alumnos, pues los habilita para ser prosumidores responsables de información en la Red, mientras gestionan su propio aprendizaje en un entorno colaborativo y conectado con la actualidad.
Hacer la nuestra con tranquilidad
Authors: Raíces Eduardo
Published: March 2021

El presente artículo aborda las representaciones sobre los y las jóvenes contenidas en la célebre revista Humor durante el periodo de la última dictadura militar (1976-1983). Se estudia el modo en que fue abordado este sujeto colectivo desde su materia humorística primordial pero, asimismo, desde las formas discursivas “serias” del ensayo, la crítica de medios, musical y artística y el análisis político. Para ello, se indaga un corpus compuesto por textos escritos, humor gráfico e ilustración de notas. Los materiales seleccionados para este estudio comprenden el periodo 1979-1983. Las conclusiones subrayan que la revista abrió espacios de participación de los y las jóvenes, incorporó a algunos a su staff y tendió a reflejar en sus páginas un modelo de juventud inconformista y crítica en un contexto de clausura de otros espacios de socialización. Asimismo, que la identidad juvenil en Humor se organizó alrededor del rock, objeto de una sección importante coordinada por una joven colaboradora. Con la crisis de la dictadura, emergería polémicamente el interrogante por el rol juvenil en el futuro escenario democrático, sin que el debate entre jóvenes y adultos “apolíticos” y “comprometidos” encontrara posiciones convergentes.
Stem cell transplantation therapy for diabetic foot ulcer: a narrative review
Authors: Shafiee Sahar , Heidarpour Maryam , Sabbagh Sima , Amini Elham , Saffari Hanieh , Dolati Sara , Meamar Rokhsareh
Published: March 2021

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease associated with high cardiovascular risk. A vascular complication of diabetes is foot ulcers. Diabetic foot ulcers are prevalent and substantially reduce the quality of life of patients who have them. Currently, diabetic foot ulcer is a major problem for wound care specialists, and its treatment requires considerable health care resources. So far, various therapeutic modalities have been proposed to treat diabetic foot ulcers and one of them is stem cell-based therapy. Stem cell-based therapy has shown great promise for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. This strategy has been shown to be safe and effective in both preclinical and clinical trials. In this review, we provide an overview of the stem cell types and possible beneficial effects of stem cell transplantation therapy for diabetic foot ulcers, and an overview of the current status of stem cell research in both preclinical and clinical trial stages of treatment strategies for diabetic foot ulcers.
The proximity of mental foramen to mandibular first premolar teeth: Cone beam computed tomography analysis in Turkish population
Authors: Adiguzel Ozkan , Cangul Suzan , Adiguzel Artemisa , Erpacal Begum , Akkus Zeki
Published: March 2021

Background/Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the proximity of the mental foramen (MF) to the roots of the mandibular first premolar teeth in the Turkish population according to gender and different age groups. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on 385 samples of 242 patients who presented at the Dicle University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology. The proximity of the MF to mandibular first premolar teeth was examined on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Two-way Anova variance analysis was used in the statistical analyses of the data. Results: According to the analysis results, no statistically significant difference was determined between the age and gender groups (p>0.05). In the evaluation of the gender groups, the mean value was 6.6997 mm for females and 6.5445 mm for males. Conclusions: With 3-dimensional imaging technology, the CBCT system provides detailed information about the MF localization. This method has shown that the localization of the MF could change associated with variables such as age and gender.
Curtailing of myths and misconceptions regarding oral health among Indian adult population through health education and promotion: Cross sectional survey
Authors: Basavaraj Badiger , Mavinakote Gowda , Govindaroy Venkatesh , Shah Rucha , Gunjiganuru Vemanaradhya , Basanagouda Patil
Published: March 2021

Background/Aim: Myths related to oral diseases and oral health-related practices are very common among the population. Inadequate knowledge along with the persisting myths regarding the etiology, course and outcome of oral diseases makes it difficult to initiate health behavioural changes. Present study scrutinizes various myths and misconceptions regarding oral health among the outpatients. The aim of this study was to assess myths and misconceptions about oral health and imparting education regarding the same. Material and Methods: The calculated sample size was 200. A pre -tested closed ended questionnaire was prepared in both English and local language (Kannada). It comprised of four sections with 24 questions. The Content validity index value of 0.9 suggested a good validity. A Chi square test was applied and significance level was fixed at p< 0.05. Results: We had 100% response rate. In our study half of the participants visited dental hospital for the very first time (57.5%). About 45.2% of subjects believed 3rd molar eruption is the sign of intelligence, while 64.8% had a notion that all dental procedures are painful. Conclusions: Myths and misconceptions related to oral health are still prevalent among the population. However, small steps like compulsory education about oral health in the school curriculum, available and affordable oral care also effective use of mass media could be the steps to reduce oral health burden to the society.
Association of DRD2 (rs 1799732), ANKK1 (rs1800497), DAT (rs28363170), DRD4 (exon 3 - VNTR) gene polymorphisms in the context of relapses in therapy.
Authors: Chmielowiec Jolanta , Boroń Agnieszka
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Disorders in the field of reward system neurotransmission are mentioned as one of the most important causes of addiction. Genetic variation is assigned a special role. The literature on the subject mentions primarily the genes of dopamine neurotransmission: DAT (dopamine transporter), DRD2 (dopamine receptor D2), DRD4 (dopamine receptor D4). However, so far there are few literature reports on these genes in the context of innovators in addiction therapy.

The aim: Analysis of the relationship between the variability of specific polymorphisms in the DRD2 (rs1799732), ANKK1 (rs1800497), DAT (rs28363170), DRD4 (exon 3 - VNTR) genes with the occurrence of relapses in people addicted to psychoactive substances.

Material and methods: The research was carried out on a group of 301 people addicted to psychoactive substances staying in an addiction therapy center in Lubuskie and Zachodniopomorskie voivodships in Poland. The control group consisted of 301 people with no diagnosed addiction to psychoactive substances nor mental disorders. The study of polymorphisms DRD2 (rs 1799732), ANKK1 (rs1800497) was performed by real-time PCR method; whereas DAT (rs28363170), DRD4 (exon 3 - VNTR) was genotyped by PCR and the amplified products were visualized using ethidium bromide stained gel electrophoresis (3% agarose) and UV photography.

Results: This study showed that in addicts genotype frequencies of the VNTR polymorphism in the third exon of human DRD4 were as follow: S/L in 33.55%, S/S - 63.12% and L/L 3.32%; while in the control group S/L - 32.56%, S/S - 58.8 % and L/L - 8.6% (χ2 = 7.617, p = 0.022). Significant differences in the frequency of DRD2 gene polymorphism rs1799732 were observed (frequency of alleles; χ2 = 5.48, p = 0.0192) and DRD4 VNTR polymorphism (χ2 = 7.687, p = 0.021) between the addicted to psychoactive substances who have a one-time stay in an inpatient treatment center and the control group.
Understanding the Impact of COVID–19 on Global Financial Network Using Graph Based Algorithm: Minimum Spanning Tree Approach
Authors: Hatipoğlu Veysel Fuat
Published: March 2021

In this paper effects of COVID–19 pandemic on stock market network are analyzed by an application of operational research with a mathematical approach. For this purpose two minimum spanning trees for each time period namely before and during COVID–19 pandemic are constructed. Dynamic time warping algorithm is used to measure the similarity between each time series of the investigated stock markets. Then, clusters of investigated stock markets are constructed. Numerical values of the topology evaluation for each cluster and time period is computed.
Exploring wild edible flowers as a source of bioactive compounds: New perspectives in horticulture
Authors: Demasi Sonia , Caser Matteo , Donno Dario , Enri Simone Ravetto , Lonati Michele , Scariot Valentina
Published: March 2021

The increasing interest in healthy and natural foods has raised the attention towards uncommon or unexplored ingredients, such as edible flowers. These products are proven to be a rich source of bioactive compounds, for example, vitamins or polyphenols that play an important role in health promotion and disease prevention. However, plant species with edible flowers are numerous and most of them still need to be studied with this aim. The high species richness of North-Western Italy provides interesting perspectives in the use of wild edible flowers, which are currently underutilized, but can be a valuable food source or food supplement for healthy diets. In this framework, the phytochemical composition of 22 wild edible flowers was analysed and compared with that of four cultivated species (Borago officinalis L., Calendula officinalis L., Tagetes patula L. and Tropaeolum majus L.) to evaluate their potentiality as sources of bioactive compounds. The total polyphenol content (TPC) and antioxidant activity of the fresh flowers were assessed, together with their phenolic profiles and vitamin C content, through spectrophotometric and chromatographic analyses. The evaluated parameters varied widely among species, with Paeonia officinalis L. and Rosa pendulina L. showing the highest values of polyphenols (1,930 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) · 100 g−1 and 1,774 mg GAE · 100 g−1, respectively), followed by Rosa canina L. (1,397 mg GAE · 100 g−1) and Geranium sylvaticum L. (1,268 mg GAE · 100 g−1). The same species also showed the highest antioxidant activity, measured with three different assays [ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS)]. The phenolic profile differed among the studied species, with Dianthus pavonius Tausch and R. pendulina having the highest sum of detected polyphenols (2,522 mg · 100 g−1 and 2,366 mg · 100 g−1, respectively). Vitamin C was identified in all but two flowers (Allium ursinum L. and B. officinalis) and Primula veris L. had the highest amount (45 mg · 100 g−1). The study showed that wild edible flowers outperformed the cultivated species, except for T. majus, providing new insights for the use of wild edible flowers as sources of bioactive compounds.
Antiparasitic effects of selected isoflavones on flatworms
Authors: Faixová D. , Hrčková G. , Mačák Kubašková T. , Mudroňová D.
Published: March 2021

Medicinal plants have been successfully used in the ethno medicine for a wide range of diseases since ancient times. The research on natural products has allowed the discovery of biologically relevant compounds inspired by plant secondary metabolites, what contributed to the development of many chemotherapeutic drugs. Flavonoids represent a group of therapeutically very effective plant secondary metabolites and selected molecules were shown to exert also antiparasitic activity. This work summarizes the recent knowledge generated within past three decades about potential parasitocidal activities of several flavonoids with different chemical structures, particularly on medically important flatworms such as Schistosoma spp., Fasciola spp., Echinococcus spp., Raillietina spp., and model cestode Mesocestoides vogae. Here we focus on curcumin, genistein, quercetin and silymarin complex of flavonolignans. All of them possess a whole spectrum of biological activities on eukaryotic cells which have multi-therapeutic effects in various diseases. In vitro they can induce profound alterations in the tegumental architecture and its functions as well as their activity can significantly modulate or damage worm´s metabolism directly by interaction with enzymes or signaling molecules in dose-dependent manner. Moreover, they seem to differentially regulate the RNA activity in numbers of worm´s genes. This review suggests that examined flavonoids and their derivates are promising molecules for antiparasitic drug research. Due to lack of toxicity, isoflavons could be used directly for therapy, or as adjuvant therapy for diseases caused by medically important cestodes and trematodes.
First report of Xiphinema diffusum from Pakistan
Authors: Shokoohi E. , Nasira K. , Iqbal E. , Hussain S. , W Mashela P.
Published: March 2021

The population of Xiphinema americanum species group was detected from the soil surronding the roots of peach (Prunus persica) during a survey of plant-parasitic nematodes in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. From the results of the morphological study, the species was identified as X. diffusum. Morphometrics of X. diffusum generally agree with those of the type species and the topotype specimens. Molecular analysis of 18S rDNA of X. diffusum from Pakistan indicated two nucleotide differences and 99 % similarity with the Chinese (AM086669) and the Australian (AM086685) population of X. diffusum. Phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA placed the Pakistanis population close to X. diffusum from China and Australia. This species is reported for the first time from Pakistan
Reduced Differential Transform Method for Thermoelastic Problem in Hyperbolic Heat Conduction Domain
Authors: Chaudhari K.K. , Sutar C.S.
Published: March 2021

In the present study, we have applied the reduced differential transform method to solve the thermoelastic problem which reduces the computational efforts. In the study, the temperature distribution in a two-dimensional rectangular plate follows the hyperbolic law of heat conduction. We have obtained the generalized solution for thermoelastic field and temperature field by considering non-homogeneous boundary conditions in the x and y direction. Using this method one can obtain a solution in series form. The special case is considered to show the effectiveness of the present method. And also, the results are shown numerically and graphically. The study shows that this method provides an analytical approximate solution in very easy steps and requires little computational work.
Effects of Stenosis and Dilatation on Flow of Blood Mixed with Suspended Nanoparticles: A Study Using Homotopy Technique
Authors: Sudha T. , Umadevi C. , Dhange M. , Manna S. , Misra J. C.
Published: March 2021

The paper deals with a theoretical study on blood flow in a stenosed segment of an artery, when blood is mixed with nano-particles. Blood is treated here as a couple stress fluid. Stenosis is known to impede blood flow and to be the cause of different cardiac diseases. Since the arterial wall is weakened due to arterial stenosis, it may lead to dilatation /aneurysm. The homotopy perturbation technique is employed to determine the solution to the problem for the case of mild stenosis. Analytical expressions for velocity, shear stress at the wall, pressure drop, and flow resistance are derived. The impact of different physical constants on the wall shear stress and impedance of the fluid is examined by numerical simulation. Streamline patterns of the nanofluid are investigated for different situations.
Screening and Bioguided Fractionation of Mimosa pigra L. Bee Pollen with Antioxidant and Anti-Tyrosinase Activities
Authors: Khongkarat Phanthiwa , Ramadhan Rico , Phuwapraisirisan Preecha , Chanchao Chanpen
Published: March 2021

Bee pollen, one of the economic bee products, is widely known as a nutritional food with many bioactivities that depend on many such factors as bee species, plant source and biogeography. For this study, bee pollen was collected from Apis mellifera, harvested from the flowers of mimosa (Mimosa pigra L.) in the Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The sample was extracted in methanol (MeOH) and then sequentially partitioned with hexane, dichloromethane (DCM) and MeOH in order to isolate compounds depending on their polarities. The obtained extracts were then tested for their antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities through 1,1-diphyenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and for/through inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase extract, respectively. The DCM partitioned extract of mimosa flower bee pollen (DCMMBP) provided the highest antioxidant activity, with an effective concentration at 50% (EC50) of 192.1 μg/mL, and was further fractionated by silica gel 60 column chromatography and Sephadex LH20 size exclusion chromatography. All fractions were tested for their antioxidant activity and analyzed for the chemical structure through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The most active fraction (EC50 of 121.3 μg/mL) was a mixture of compounds, but the isolated flavonoid, naringenin, had a negligible antioxidant activity. In contrast, all three partitioned extracts and pooled fractions after silica gel 60 column chromatography provided no anti-tyrosinase activity (IC50 of > 500 μg/mL) and a very low percentage of tyrosinase inhibition (0–2.99 ± 3.18%), compared to kojic acid (IC50 of 8.58 μg/mL and tyrosinase inhibition of 74.2 ± 1.25%).
Monthly Changes in Honey Bee Forewings Estimated Using Geometric Morphometrics
Authors: Janczyk Anna , Tofilski Adam
Published: March 2021

Honey bee (Apis mellifera) wing measurements are often used to discriminate lineages and subspecies. The precision and repeatability of the measurements depends on various factors, including seasonal variation, and differences between left and right wings. The seasonal variation of the cubital index, which is the proportion of two vein lengths, has been investigated, but subspecies can be identified through geometric morphometrics. This method allows both wing size and shape to be determined and analyzed separately. We studied changes in the wing size and shape in consecutive months between June and September as well as the differences between the left and right wings. We found that wing size differed significantly among colonies, months and body sides, but shape differed significantly only among colonies and months but not among body sides. There was also a complicated pattern of interactions between various factors. The seasonal differences in wing shape were much smaller than the differences among colonies and their influence on identification of honey bee lineages was relatively small.
Nest Architecture and Nesting Site Preference of Tetragonula iridipennis Smith in North-Western Plains of India
Authors: Choudhary Amit , Singh Jaspal , Chhuneja Pardeep K.
Published: March 2021

Stingless bees constitute an important group of bee diversity providing a vital ecological service i.e. pollination. From India, nine species of stingless bees have been reported out of which Tetragonula iridipennis Smith is widely distributed. Studies revealed that the majority (86.67%) of these bees’ nests were present in brick walls and the remaining (13.33%) were in cavities of hollow tree trunks. Most of the colonies nested at a height of 3.50 m from the ground. Most of the nests (56.67%) had entrances oriented to the east. No distinct entrance tube was observed in 26.92 per cent of the colonies. Overall average entrance tube dimensions (longer side diameter × shorter side diameter × tube length) were 11.62 × 11.73 × 14.04 mm. In all the nests, brood area was surrounded by pollen pots and a few honey pots. The mean dimensions (depth × width) of brood cells, honey pots and pollen pots were 2.79 × 2.62 mm, 5.33 × 4.52 mm and 6.93 × 5.19 mm, respectively. All of the sixty colonies whether in brick/stone walls or in hollow tree trunks overwintered successfully. Our results can be useful for developing conservation measures for T. iridipennis and its augmentation for crop pollination.
Lone Geniuses or One among Many? An Explorative Study of Contemporary Highly Cited Researchers
Authors: Aksnes Dag W. , Aagaard Kaare
Published: March 2021

Purpose

The ranking lists of highly cited researchers receive much public attention. In common interpretations, highly cited researchers are perceived to have made extraordinary contributions to science. Thus, the metrics of highly cited researchers are often linked to notions of breakthroughs, scientific excellence, and lone geniuses.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, we analyze a sample of individuals who appear on Clarivate Analytics’ Highly Cited Researchers list. The main purpose is to juxtapose the characteristics of their research performance against the claim that the list captures a small fraction of the researcher population that contributes disproportionately to extending the frontier and gaining—on behalf of society—knowledge and innovations that make the world healthier, richer, sustainable, and more secure.

Findings

The study reveals that the highly cited articles of the selected individuals generally have a very large number of authors. Thus, these papers seldom represent individual contributions but rather are the result of large collective research efforts conducted in research consortia. This challenges the common perception of highly cited researchers as individual geniuses who can be singled out for their extraordinary contributions. Moreover, the study indicates that a few of the individuals have not even contributed to highly cited original research but rather to reviews or clinical guidelines. Finally, the large number of authors of the papers implies that the ranking list is very sensitive to the specific method used for allocating papers and citations to individuals. In the “whole count” methodology applied by Clarivate Analytics, each author gets full credit of the papers regardless of the number of additional co-authors. The study shows that the ranking list would look very different using an alternative fractionalised methodology.

Research limitations

The study is based on a limited part of the total population of highly cited researchers.

Practical implications

It is concluded that “excellence” understood as highly cited encompasses very different types of research and researchers of which many do not fit with dominant preconceptions.

Originality/value

The study develops further knowledge on highly cited researchers, addressing questions such as who becomes highly cited and the type of research that benefits by defining excellence in terms of citation scores and specific counting methods.