bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
57.1: Directional BLU for Full Resolution Field Alternative Auto‐Stereoscopic 3D/2D and 2D/3D LCDs
Authors: Käläntär Kälil K.
Published: July 2014

Switching directional backlight units (BLUs) were designed and prototyped for full resolution field alternative autostereoscopic 3D liquid crystal displays (LCDs). The inherent switching characteristic of the backlight unit (BLU) in which two confronting illuminating light sources were mounted on the sides of a light‐guide plate (LGP), was applied to build 2D into 3D and 3D into 2D in the LCDs.

The design based on 2D concept required a uniform bilateral prismatic structure with a cross section of isosceles triangle on the back surface of the functional LGP. The structure of bilateral‐prismatic LGP and two confronting illuminating sides led to an increase in double uniformity, i. e. for doubleside illuminations, and a decrease in single uniformity, i. e. for single side illumination (2D as primary function of the display; 2D/3D). However, a design that was based on 3D concept required angle gradation for the unilateral prisms on the back surface of the functional LGP that led to an increase in single uniformity and a decrease in double uniformity (3D as primary function of the display; 3D/2D). Both switching concepts were used to display 3D and 2D on LCDs of small size handheld game devices and still cameras.
58.1: A 31‐in. FHD AM‐OLED Display using Amorphous IGZO TFTs and RGB FMM
Authors: Su Chih‐Yu , Li Wen‐Hui , Shi Long‐Qiang , Lv Xiao‐Wen , Ko Kai‐Yuan , Liu Ya‐Wei , Li Jin‐Chuan , Liu Sai‐Chang , Tseng Chih‐Yuan , Wang Yi‐Fan , Lo Chang‐Cheng ,   Supported by Shenzhen Peacock Plan
Published: July 2014

A 31‐inch FHD (1920times1080) AM‐OLED TV was developed by using a‐IGZO TFTs. Co‐planar type of a‐IGZO TFT was fabricated at Gen 4.5 glass substrate with IGZO (1:1:1) AC sputtering system for AM‐OLED. We also used Fine Metal Mask (FMM) for R,G,B sub‐pixel arrangement.
60.1: Invited Paper: 3D Model‐Based Camera Tracking Technology for Augmented Reality
Authors: Makita Koji
Published: July 2014

This paper presents a study of 3D model‐based camera tracking method for indoor augmented reality applications, and its benchmarking. Our proposed tracking method is based on registered frame data of virtualized reality models, which are photos with known photo‐shoot positions and orientations, and depth data. Tracking results of the method are evaluated with two types of datasets created with real camera images and generated images of virtualized reality models.
60.4: Overdriving LC GRIN Lens to Stabilize Lens Profile for 2D/3D Display
Authors: Uehara Shinichi , Kashiwagi Masako , Takagi Ayako , Kizu Yuko , Baba Masahiro
Published: July 2014

To stabilize the lens retardation profile for LC GRIN lens, an advanced overdriving method is proposed. This method improves the balance of electric fields generated from several lens electrodes, and reduces the degradation of retardation profile, such as a disclination line and irregular shape. It has been successfully demonstrated with a 17 inch 2D/3D display using the proposed method.
P‐12: A‐Si:H TFT Gate Driver with Shared Dual Pull‐Down Units for Large‐Sized TFT‐LCD Applications
Authors: Hu Zhijin , Liao Congwei , Li Junmei , Li Wenjie , Zhang Shengdong , Zeng Limei , Lee Chang‐Yeh , Lai Tzu‐Chieh , Lo Chang‐Cheng , Lien A.
Published: July 2014

A high reliable amorphous silicon gate driver with shared dual pull‐down units is proposed and fabricated for large‐sized TFT‐LCD applications. A special unit in the driver is designed to generate bipolar pulse bias for low‐level holding TFTs to suppress the threshold voltage shift, which achieves 40.5% and 34.8% improvement compared with conventional DC and unipolar pulse bias respectively according to measurement results.
P‐13: A Simple LTPS Pixel Circuit Composed of Two Transistors and One Capacitor for AMOLED Displays
Authors: Lin Chih‐Lung , Lu Chun‐Ming , Lai Po‐Chun , Hung Chia‐Che
Published: July 2014

This work presents a simple pixel circuit that utilizes two low‐temperature polycrystalline‐silicon thin‐film transistors (LTPS TFTs) and one capacitor for active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED) displays with voltage‐programmed method. According to simulation results under 120 Hz frame rate and Full‐HD resolution, the relative current error rates with ±0.5 V threshold voltage variation of the driving TFT are less than 3.4% over entire range of data voltages. Therefore, the proposed pixel circuit effectively compensates for threshold voltage variation of the driving TFT, and it can be applied to small‐sized and high‐resolution displays.
P‐14: High Mobility BCE Al doped ZnSnInO TFT Fabricated Using Mixed Acid Mo/Al/Mo Etchant
Authors: Park Sang‐Hee Ko , Cho Sung Haeng , Ryu Minki , Kim Heeok , Kwon OhSang , Park Eunsook , Yang Jong‐Heon , Kim Jong Woo , Hwang Chi‐Sun , Lim Sun Kwon
Published: July 2014

We fabricated amorphous AlZnSnInO TFT with back channel etch structure. Source/drain electrode of molybdenum (Mo) was formed using mixed acid based Mo/Al/Mo etchant for the first time in the fabrication of a‐oxide BCE TFT. SEM and ESCA analysis showed no Mo residue on the surface of active layer. The BCE AlZnSnInO TFT showed mobility of 23.2 cm2/V.s, S.S of 0.13 V/dec., and Von of ‐0.5V. We show highly stable high mobility BCE TFT achieved by optimizing passivation process and active layer deposition condition.
P‐21: n‐type Organic Thin Film Transistors with High Operational Stability
Authors: Roh Jeongkyun , Kang Chan‐Mo , Shin Hyeonwoo , Kwak Jeonghun , Jung Byung Jun , Lee Changhee
Published: July 2014

n‐type organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) with high operational stability was demonstrated. The operational stability of N,N′‐ditridecylperylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI‐C13)‐based OTFTs was improved by engineering organic semiconductor‐gate insulator interface with hydrophobic polymers. Under high gate bias stress (equivalent to the electric field of 3MV/cm) for two hours, OTFTs with hydrophobic polymers showed small threshold voltage shift around 2 V. Moreover, the electron mobility was improved from 0.038 to 0.14–0.15 cm2/Vs with hydrophobic polymers.
P‐27: RF‐Sputtered Oxide TFTs and Circuits on Engineered Aluminum Substrates
Authors: Mahmoudabadi Forough , Charisoulis Thomas , Hsiang Kuei‐Cheng , Hatalis Miltiadis , Shah Kirit N. , Levendusky Thomas L.
Published: July 2014

High performance thin film transistor (TFT) arrays and circuits on engineered aluminum substrates are reported. Aluminum substrates were engineered to have a smooth insulating surface suitable for device fabrication upon them. Amorphous Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide (a‐IGZO) thin film transistors with an average field effect mobility of about 10 cm2/Vs, threshold voltage of 5 V, gate leakage current of 10−13 and on/off current ratio of 108 are demonstrated. Metal oxide transistors and circuits built on aluminum substrates open a route for future applications in large area flexible electronics.
P‐36: The Effects of 4K High Resolution Displays on the Sway of the Human Body A Comparison of 2D and 3D Images†
Authors: Yoshikawa Kazuki , Takada Hiroki , Miyao Masaru
Published: July 2014

The 4K television was developed which had 4 times the pixels for full hi‐vision giving a realistic image. in this study, we examined the effects of both 2D and 3D images on this high resolution 4K television.
P‐189L: Late‐News Poster: Determination of Depth Enhancement through Assessments of Perceived Blur in 3D Displays
Authors: Lin Shu‐Chiang , Wen Chao‐Hua , Hsu Sean , Hsiung Gerardo , Chang Nai‐Wen , Tsao Cheng‐Han
Published: July 2014

Through comparisons between perceived blur assessments and structure similarity calculations, this study investigated the perceived depth enhancement for obtaining comfort 3D fusion images. Results suggest that the proposed method can improve the perceived depth, meanwhile the perceived blur could be kept same as original stereo‐images using a proper set of parameters.
P‐193L: Late‐News Poster: Optimal Tone Curve Characteristics of Transparent Display for Preferred Image Reproduction
Authors: Kwak Youngshin , Baek Yeseul , Kim Jongchan
Published: July 2014

Preferred monitor gamma setting is compared between normal and 10%‐transmittance transparent display by simulating indoor lighting condition using LCD monitor. Four test images are manipulated to have 10 different monitor gamma values both for normal and transparent display. Based on 10 observers' judgment, it is found that lower gamma setting is preferred for transparent display than that for normal display. The preferred gamma settings for normal and transparent display have the similar lightness difference between gray levels.
P‐42: A New Driving Method for PS‐BP LCD
Authors: Zhong Xinhui , Huang Hong Ji , Chen Zhenxia , Ma Chao , Wang Yanang , Lee Kuan‐Cheng ,   Supported by Guangdong Innovative Research Team Program (No.2011D079)
Published: July 2014

Dynamic response of PS‐BP LCD to different driving methods was studied. Results show that pulse type driving method is more proper than AC type for the distortion of polymer network will not accumulate to a very high level. Pulse type driving method has better stability and can reduce hysteresis effectively.
P‐45: A Feedback Method for Ensuring Reliable Visual Quality of Locally Dimmed LCDs
Authors: Angeli Nico , Schäfer Daniel , Xu Chihao
Published: July 2014

A major difficulty in the design process of a local dimming system is to ensure a high image quality without annoying artifacts for any image content, with a high power saving at the same time. To solve this problem, a feedback method is proposed which dynamically adapts the control parameters of a local dimming system, based on the evaluation of criteria for the visual quality of the dimmed image. With these means a nearly constant visual quality for any image content can be achieved with high power savings of over 41%. In addition, a second method is presented which allows the display system to reach a desired mean power saving with the highest possible visual quality.
P‐46: Real‐time Computer‐Generated Integral Imaging System Based on Multiple Orthographic Frustum Combining
Authors: Li Shu‐Li , Li Da‐Hai , Xiong Zhao‐Long , Deng Huan , Zhou Xin , Wang Qiong‐Hua
Published: July 2014

In this paper, we propose a computer‐generated integral imaging (CGII) method called multiple orthographic frustum combining (MOFC), in which an elemental image array (EIA) can be generated by rendering a 3D scene with one‐shot orthographic projection using combing multiple orthographic frustum. To our best knowledge, the proposed system outperforms the existing real‐time CGII system in both the speed performance and the resolution of the EIA. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve real‐time computational speed for generating ultra high‐definition (3840times2160) EIA.
P‐50: Driving System for RGBW AMOLED Display†
Authors: Tseng Szu‐Heng , Wu Zhong‐Yuan , Song Dan‐Na , Yang Fei , Yin Jing‐Wen , Duan Li‐Ye , Xu Rui , Yuan Guang‐Cai , Jiang Chun‐Shen , Cheng Jun , Sun Li , Wu Chang‐Yen , Wang Chun‐Jan , Wang Gang
Published: July 2014

We have designed and fabricated the 14‐inch RGBW AMOLED using tandem white‐OLED with RGB color‐filter. In this paper, we also verified the pixel compensation, RGBW conversion, white OLED color‐compensation, and optical compensation, and the comparison of RGBW‐quad and RGBW‐stripe on this panel.
P‐58: Frame‐type Backcover Design of Large Size LCD Modules
Authors: Kuo Joe , Hsiao Ken , Tang Guo‐Fu , Lv Cheng‐Ling , Huang Chong , Zhang Pang‐Ling , Zhang Tian ,   Supported by Guangdong Innovative Research Team Program (No.2011D079)
Published: July 2014

A new frame‐type backcover with skeleton brackets is introduced in this paper. It is shown that the frame‐type backcover satisfies strength, heat dissipation and optical cosmetic requirements. Meanwhile, backcover cost and weight are decreased by 15.9%~19.3% and 52%~56% respectively, which suggests an economical way for module design and manufacture.
P‐72: Novel Color Gamut Area Specification
Authors: Lien Alan , Kang Chih‐Tsung , Zheng Wei‐Wei , Chen Li‐Xuan , Chen Ya‐Hui ,   Supported by Guangdong Innovative Research Team Program (No. 2011D079)
Published: July 2014

The NTSC color gamut which characterized color reproduction capacity of a display device is conventionally defined as the ratio of the area of triangle formed by the R/G/B primary colors of the display to the area of triangle formed by NTSC standard R/G/B primary colors in CIE1931 or CIE 1976 color coordinate system In this paper, we suggest a new definition for NTSC color gamut which considers the overlapped area between the triangle formed by display's R/G/B primary colors and the triangle formed by NTSC standard R/G/B primary colors.
P‐75: Viewing Zone Expansion for Autostereoscopic Display with Directional Backlight Using Linear Fresnel Lens Array
Authors: Mukai Takuya , Kakeya Hideki
Published: July 2014

This paper proposes two methods to expand the viewing zone of the autostereoscopic display with a directional backlight composed of a linear Fresnel lens array and a dot matrix light source The viewing zones free from crosstalk in the proposed methods are analyzed based on optical simulations.
P‐89: Development of 51‐in. PDPs
Authors: Zhao Hailong , Bo Hongzhi , Yue Dingfei , Zhou Hui , Zhang Wu , Yan Qun (Frank)
Published: July 2014

New design has been carried out in developing the narrowest bezel of 15mm for 51″ PDP. Issues of dielectric breakdown and noise associated to this new narrow bezel PDP has been successfully solved in new manufacture process. Over 15% improvement of energy efficiency has also been accomplished on this new model.
P‐93: Highly Conductive and Uniform Graphene hybrid Electrode with Chemical Reduction for Flexible Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wu Xinkai , Liu Jun , Wang Jing , Shi Xindong , Huang Saijun , Su Yikai , He Gufeng
Published: July 2014

Highly conductive, uniform, transparent and flexible films were produced by mixing graphene oxide (GO) with poly (3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and then chemically reduced by HI‐AcOH. Using the optimized graphene hybrid film as anode, a fascinating flexible organic light‐emitting diode (FOLED) has been demonstrated on polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) substrate.
P‐95: Newly Discovered Property of Electric and Magnetic Dual‐Driven Twisting Ball Display
Authors: Komazaki Yusuke , Torii Toru
Published: July 2014

Electric and magnetic dual‐driven twisting ball display had realized handwriting by using a permanent magnet and changing colors electrically in our previous work. Janus particles used in the dual‐driven twisting ball display had electric and magnetic anisotropy simultaneously caused by a charge control agent (CCA) and magnetic nanoparticles in one hemisphere. However, we found that magnetic handwriting was impossible right after electric color changing. In this study, we examined this phenomenon changing the property of Janus particles.
P‐102: Research on Adaptive Modal LC Lens with Central Electrode Structure and ITO High Resistance Layer
Authors: Li Qing , Li Dongping , Yan Jing , Xia Jun
Published: July 2014

The novel adaptive modal LC lens with central electrode (CMLC‐lens) is proposed. The distribution of voltage approached ideal parabola and lens‐like phase difference for the large aperture is obtained base on optimizing frequency and resistance. ITO film as high resistance layer is prepared by sputtering with the sheet resistance to be controllable. The adaptive CMLC‐lens as single lens has much advantage for the application to needs large aperture lens.
P‐103: Nanomesh Aluminum Films for LC Alignment Theoretical and Experimental Modeling
Authors: Dadivanyan Artem K. , Belyaev Victor V. , Chausov Denis N. , Stsiapanau Andrei A. , Smirnov Alexander G. , Tsybin Alexander G. , Kurilov Alexander D.
Published: July 2014

Methods of fabrication of nanomesh aluminum films for LC alignment and their structure are described. A dependence of the pores' diameter vs. their fabrication conditions is found. A dependence of the alumina nanomesh on the pores' performances is simulated too.

A theory of LC alignment in such system is proposed that allows prediction of the alignment type and explanation of experimental data. The LC orientation type is determined by the free anchoring energy and the micropore diameter. The difference of both planar and homeotropic anchoring energy is lower than the interaction energy by two orders of magnitude.
P‐104: Bistable Nano‐structured Alignment Surface by Nanoimprint Lithography
Authors: Lee Chung‐Yung , Tseng Man‐Chun , Ho Tsz‐Kin , Ho Jacob Yeuk‐Lung , Kwok Hoi‐Sing
Published: July 2014

A novel kind of nano‐structured alignment surface is proposed and demonstrated. Such alignment surface has bistable azimuthal alignment directions for liquid crystal molecules. The new alignment surface has a structure of stacking a photo‐aligned polymer on top of a nano‐sized groove surface with different azimuthal alignment directions. The fabrication of the nano‐sized groove is based on nano‐imprint lithography. Hence, the size and depth are fixed and controllable; in addition, no random process is involved. The alignment surface is robust, highly reproducible and suitable for mass manufacturing. Such alignment surface can be applied to fabricate π/2 bistable twisted nematic (π/2‐BTN) display which has better optical performances than the traditional π‐BTN display.
P‐105: Modelling of Liquid Crystals at the Pixel Edge
Authors: Nie Zijun , Day Sally E. , Fernández F. Anibal , Willman Eero , James Richard
Published: July 2014

Modelling has been carried out of the Liquid Crystal structures at the edges of electrodes for planar aligned devices, used as phase modulators. The voltage dependence and a threshold voltage of the defect formation is found. The effect of adjacent pixels used in high resolution in LCOS is investigated.
P‐110: Stabilizing Blue Phase Liquid Crystal with Photo‐Reactive Chiral Mesogen
Authors: Noh Seong Cheol , Park NoHyun , Park Hye Ryung , Nayek Prasenjit , Kang Shin Woong , Lee Myoung Hoon , Gong Myoung‐Seon , Lee Seung Hee
Published: July 2014

In this paper, we investigated effects of stabilizing blue phase liquid crystal using only reactive chiral dopant, without any other monomers and photoinitiators. First, photo‐inactive chiral dopants with high helical twist power (~166μm−1) synthesized by us are doped into host nematic LC to induce blue phase and then, the photo‐reactive chiral dopant is added to stabilize double twist cylinder. After UV irradiation, BP temperature range is clearly extended compared with pure BP mixture and hysteresis in V‐T curve is also dramatically decreased.
P‐114: A Liquid Crystal Mode with Combined Fringe and In‐Plane Switching Fields by Using a Bottom Floating Electrode
Authors: Yoo Seong‐Hyeon , Park Min‐Kyu , Lee Dong‐Jin , Lee Cheolho , Shim Gyu Yeop , Park Kyoung Ho , Lee Joun‐Ho , Choi Hyunchul , Kim Byeong Koo , Kim Hak‐Rin
Published: July 2014

We demonstrate a liquid crystal (LC) mode switched by combined fringe and in‐plane switching (IPS) fields, which are self‐adjusted by adopting a bottom floating electrode for enhanced electro‐optical properties. In our LC mode structure, conventional IPS electrodes are formed as pixel electrodes and common electrodes on an insulating layer, and floating electrodes that are patterned per the sub‐pixels are formed under the insulating layer. When the areas of the pixel and common electrodes are same, the voltage of the bottom floating electrode is spontaneously determined to be half the value of the pixel voltage, which ideally generates symmetric fringe fields with both pixel and common electrodes. Due to the in‐plane fields additionally generated between the pixel and common electrodes, the proposed LC structure shows higher transmittance than fringe‐field switching (FFS) and IPS LC modes. Transmittance of the conventional FFS and IPS LC modes is highly sensitive to the in‐plane electrode's width and spacing condition, but the proposed LC mode shows good transmittance without degradation under large variation condition of the in‐plane electrode's spacing‐to‐width ratio.
P‐118: Ellipsoidal Light Diffusing Film with Narrow Louver Micro Structure of Refractive index
Authors: Katagiri Baku , Kusama Kentaro , Orui Tomoo , Shoshi Satoru
Published: July 2014

Optical diffusers consisting of a microstructured refractive index are promising materials because of their unique optical properties. Existing Anisotropic diffusers formed of such films merely have straight‐line diffusion properties, and exhibit very little ellipticity. Here we describe ellipsoidal diffuser films, together with a method to control the ellipticity.
P‐126: Photo‐Controllable Multi‐Stable Liquid Crystal Optical Switch
Authors: Wang Chun‐Ta , Wu Yueh‐Chi , Lin Tsung‐Hsien
Published: July 2014

This work demonstrates an optically switchable tristable optical switch that is based on the light–matter interactions of dichroic dyes, azo‐chiral and liquid crystal. Tristable attenuation, scattering, and transparent states can be achieved using the dichroic dye doped fingerprint, focal conic, and homeotropic textures, respectively. All states can stably exist for several hours, and be switched from one state to another through light‐induced isomerization effect of azo‐chiral. Such a multi‐stable optical switch exhibits easy switching, a desirable contrast ratio, and low power consumption. It therefore exhibits the potential to be utilized in practical portable information systems.
P‐182L: Late‐News Poster: Polarizer‐Free Liquid Crystal Lens Imaging
Authors: Bao Rui , Cui Chunhui , Yu Shuda , Ye Mao
Published: July 2014

A method based on image processing is proposed to solve the problem of polarizer dependency of LC lens. No polarizer is required for imaging by the LC lens. In an imaging system with an LC lens, images Il and In are captured sequentially in lens and non‐lens states of the LC lens, respectively. The final image I is obtained based on Il and In according to the equation I = Il – 0.5In. The proposal is tested experimentally. Clear and well focused images are obtained.
P‐132: Novel Pixel Design for Super‐Multi‐Domain Polymer Sustained Alignment LCD Technology
Authors: Tien Kun‐Cheng , Liao Chien‐Huang , Wu Ming‐Huei , Wei Wei‐Chun , Shih Chih‐Chang , Hsu Wen‐Hao , Su Jenn‐Jia
Published: July 2014

New super‐multi‐domain polymer sustained alignment (PSA) liquid crystal displays are developed. Compared to the conventional approach, it has the merits of simpler structure, lower cost, and better transmittance. Moreover, premium picture quality with very little oblique gamma distortion and color shift like in‐plane switching (IPS) mode is obtained.
P‐137: Large Area Deposition of a Light Out‐Coupling Layer Stack on Low Cost Soda Lime Glass Substrate
Authors: Veerasamy V. S. , Hatwar Tukaram K.
Published: July 2014

A scalable implementation of a light Out‐Coupling Layer Stack (OCLS) on Gen 2 size soda‐glass is demonstrated with up to a 2X improvement in green PLED light extraction efficiency. This is a viable and scalable technology and potentially important for next generation high efficacy OLEDs solid state lighting on both rigid as well as temperature sensitive flexible substrate enabling low cost manufacturing and fast commercialization of the technology.
P‐138: WITHDRAWN: P‐139: A Scalable Seamless Full Color PMOLED
Authors: Xiaojian Yan , Chaoyong Tian , Wei Jiang , Weigao Xia , Xinying Wei
Published: July 2014

Passive Matrix Organic Diode is restricted to it's passive driving method, so the screen size and resolution is hard to be larger because of the brightness reduce with the row numbers. But PMOLED has simple fabrication process and less material cost compared to TFT‐LCD and AMOLED panel.

In this paper we deeply research the design of PMOLED panel, and finally we found a creative method to make the PMOLED panel larger and with higher resolution. Use our creative met hod we finally made a 3.5 inch PMOLED panel without bezel on right and left side, and so it can be scaled to make larger PMOLED with higher resolution.
P‐146: Enhancing Light Extraction with a Reduced Spectrum Distortion of Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes by Employing Nano‐Scale Periodic Structure
Authors: Kim Kyu Nyun , Choi Kyung Bok , Lee Hyun Jun , Hwang Ju Hyun , Shim Yong Sub , Park Cheol Hwei , Jung Sun‐Gyu , Park Young Wook , Ju Byeong‐Kwon
Published: July 2014

In this study, we demonstrate high‐efficiency distortion‐free spectrum Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) using photonic crystal (PC) and micro lens array (MLA). The PC structure is fabricated by laser interference lithography (LIL), which enables simple and cost‐intensive manufacturing for mask less and largely scalable process. Finally, we obtain a significant results that external quantum efficiency (EQE) and the power efficiency (PE) were enhanced by up to 150% and 250%, as compared reference.
P‐149: Influence of Interlayer Materials on Solution Processed OLEDs Based on Small Molecules
Authors: Yoneda Kazuhiro , Hiep Hoang Minh , Matsusue Noriyuki
Published: July 2014

The influence of interlayer with fluorene and arylamine materials on solution processed organic light emitting devices using small molecules as emissive layer (SM‐OLEDs) was studied. The SM‐OLEDs using fluorene and arylamine‐containing polymer as interlayer had low efficiency and extremely short lifetime. On the other hand, the lifetime was improved by inserting arylamine‐containing hole transport material between interlayer and emissive layer. In our experiment using several materials of small molecules, we found that the presence of fluorene unit leads to significant decrease in lifetime.
P‐150: White OLED with Optical Path‐length Compensation Layer Formed by Laser Imaging Technology†
Authors: Cha Seung Ji , Suh Min Chul
Published: July 2014

In this paper, we describe a promising way to fabricate micro‐cavity OLEDs (Organic Light Emitting Diodes) with white OLEDs and soluble optical path‐length compensation layer formed by Laser Induced Thermal Imaging technology. The resultant OLEDs gave a saturated three primary colors (RGB) after transmission through common color filters.
P‐152: Highly Efficient Light‐Extraction Technologies for OLED Lighting Coupled to Corrugated Substrates and Designed Lens Arrays
Authors: Shibanuma Toshihiko , Seki Takashi , Toriyama Shigetaka , Nishimura Suzushi
Published: July 2014

A novel corrugated substrate has been developed for OLED lighting applications. The substrate enhances the light extraction efficiency without changing the spectra or luminous intensity distributions due to its self‐assembled quasi‐periodic structure. By combining the corrugated substrate with a specially designed lens array, a 102% improvement in power efficiency was achieved in a large area light‐emitting device.
P‐155: Operational Stability Enhancement of White OLEDs with Single Solution‐Processed Emitting Layer Fabricated by “Self‐layered Technique”
Authors: Aratani Sukekazu , Sakuma Hirotaka , Harada Motoko , Wakana Hironori , Nobuki Shun‐Ichiro , Kawasaki Masahiro
Published: July 2014

We achieved operationally stable white OLEDs with an EML fabricated using a self‐layered technique. LT50 of more than 10khr at an initial luminance of 1000cd/m2 was obtained by 1) suppressing exciplex formation between EML and ETL, 2) preventing Li diffusion into EMLs, and 3)applying dopants with shallow LUMO level and stable host materials.
P‐156: Blue Phosphorescence OLED with Interfacial Mixed Layer between EML and ETL
Authors: Yoo Seung Il , Kim Nam Ho , Yoon Ju‐An , Kim Jin Wook , Kang Jin Sung , Kim Pil Seok , Min Chon Kyu , Kim Young Kwan , Kim Woo Young
Published: July 2014

Blue PHOLEDs with interfacial mixed layer (IML) were fabricated to observe their electrical characteristics. IML was composed of mCP as host material in EML and 3TPYMB as electron transport material with phosphorescent blue dopant of FIrpic. PHOLED with IML were improved 41% of current density and 35% of luminous efficiency comparing to PHOLED without IML.
P‐167: A Low‐Side Self‐Capacitive Sensing Method for Large Area Touch Screen
Authors: Kyoung Kyuwon , Hattori Reiji
Published: July 2014

We have proposed a configuration of single‐layered touch electrodes for capacitive touch panel and a low‐side self‐capacitive sensing circuit that can be adopted to large area touch screen. A 4.0‐in capacitive touch panel which consists of large resistive electrodes and the driver circuit with the proposed method shows high touch sensitivity at high resistive electrodes.
P‐168: Modeling and Analysis of the Flexible Touch Panel on the Flexible Active‐matrix OLED Display
Authors: Wu Chang‐Xiang , Pan Yen‐Lin , Tsai Hung‐Ming , Sun Hsiang‐Fang , Chao Paul C.‐P.
Published: July 2014

The modeling of the flexible touch panel and the flexible AMOLED display is performed to analyze the effect of the display noise on the touch signal. The maximum capacitance change rate of the touch panel with a display noise and a 7.5mm curvature radius is 47.8%.
P‐169: Touch‐Fingerprint Display for Supporting Identity Sensing
Authors: Koundinya Pranav , Zhao Xi , Feng Tao , Theril Sandhya , Shi Weidong
Published: July 2014

Due to the surge in the number of touch based smart devices, there is a growing need for touch based authentication. Historically, fingerprint has been one of the most effective ways for establishing the uniqueness of an individual's identity. Motivated by the fact that both touch sensing and fingerprint scan can be based on the same capacitive sensing principle, one can design a single unified sensing device that can support both multi‐touch interactions and identity sensing based on fingerprint biometrics. Such design will not only enable user friendly mobile identity solutions, but also support more elegant and compact physical design of future smart mobile devices. In this paper, we present and explore three approaches for creating such a device. They are, transparent fingerprint readers on‐top of a touch panel ‐ fingerprint reader on‐panel, unified touch‐fingerprint panel, and touch‐fingerprint in‐cell TFT‐LCD. Further, we discuss the challenges faced by each approach, compare the pros and cons of each approach, and propose solutions accordingly. Finally, we conduct evaluations using state‐of‐the‐art modeling tools and perform quantitative studies.
Poly (3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate) scaffolds coated with PhaP‐RGD fusion protein promotes the proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in vitro
Authors: Li Xiaoli , Chang Huimin , Luo Huanan , Wang Zhenghui , Zheng Guoxi , Lu Xiaoyun , He Xijing , Chen Fang , Wang Ting , Liang Jianmin , Xu Min
Published: July 2014

Human umbilical cord blood‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC‐MSCs) have been widely used in tissue engineering. The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of poly (3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) scaffolds coated with polyhydroxyalkanoate binding protein fused with arginyl‐glycyl‐aspartic acid (PhaP‐RGD) to promote the proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of hUC‐MSCs seeded on them. The PhaP‐RGD fusion protein was expressed byEscherichia coli. PHBHHx films were coated with PhaP‐RGD fusion protein and the physiochemical properties were examined. hUC‐MSCs were seeded on PHBHHx films with or without PhaP‐RGD precoating and tested for changes in morphology, viability, and chondrogenic differentiation. We found that PhaP‐RGD‐coated PHBHHx films had similar surface morphology to uncoated PHBHHx. The water contact angle of the coated PHBHHx surface was lower than that of the uncoated surface (10.63° vs. 98.69°). At 7 and 14 days after seeding, the PhaP‐RGD‐coated PHBHHx group showed greater numbers of viable cells compared to the uncoated PHBHHx group. The expression levels of aggrecan and collagen II were enhanced in the PhaP‐RGD‐coated PHBHHx group relative to the uncoated PHBHHx group. Histological analysis using toluidine blue staining showed elevated formation of proteoglycan producing chondrocytes in the PhaP‐RGD‐coated PHBHHx group. Additionally, the synthesis of proteoglycan and collagen was significantly enhanced within the PhaP‐RGD constructs. Taken together, PhaP‐RGD coating promotes the proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of hUC‐MSCs seeded on PHBHHx films. PhaP‐RGD‐coated PHBHHx may be a useful scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 1169–1175, 2015.
Novel nanofiber‐based material for endovascular scaffolds
Authors: Wang Rui , Levi‐Polyanchenko Nicole , Morykwas Michael , Argenta Louis , Wagner William D.
Published: July 2014

Conventional collagen‐based heart valves eventually fail because of insufficient replacement of graft material by host tissue. In this study, type I collagen was blended with silk fibroin and the synthetic elastic polymer poly (glycerol–sebacate) (PGS) in varying proportions to create multifunctional electrospun nanofibrous materials tailored for use as endovascular scaffolds such as heart valve replacement. Depending on the blended material the elastic moduli ranged from 2.3 to 5.0 Mpa; tensile stresses ranged from 0.8 to 1.5 Mpa; and strains ranged from 30% to 70%. Electrospun materials with a weight ratio of 4.5:4.5:1 (collagen, fibroin, and PGS) (termed PFC mats) were the most similar to native heart valves. In vitro degradation of PFC mats was 0.01% per week. Endothelial cells adhered to, proliferated, and formed cell–cell junctions on PFC mats. Compared with collagen hydrogels and electrospun collagen mats respectively 220–290% less platelet adhesion was observed for PFC mats. The study demonstrates that PFC material has superior mechanical properties, low degradation, and reduced thrombogenic potential and suggests that further investigation of this biomaterial for cardiovascular applications is warranted. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 1150–1158, 2015.
Structural and Mechanical Repair of Diffuse Damage in Cortical Bone In Vivo
Authors: Seref-Ferlengez Zeynep , Basta-Pljakic Jelena , Kennedy Oran D , Philemon Claudy J , Schaffler Mitchell B
Published: July 2014

Physiological wear and tear causes bone microdamage at several hierarchical levels, and these have different biological consequences. Bone remodeling is widely held to be the mechanism by which bone microdamage is repaired. However, recent studies showed that unlike typical linear microcracks, small crack damage, the clusters of submicron-sized matrix cracks also known as diffuse damage (Dif.Dx), does not activate remodeling. Thus, the fate of diffuse damage in vivo is not known. To examine this, we induced selectively Dif.Dx in rat ulnae in vivo by using end-load ulnar bending creep model. Changes in damage content were assessed by histomorphometry and mechanical testing immediately after loading (ie, acute loaded) or at 14 days after damage induction (ie, survival ulnae). Dif.Dx area was markedly reduced over the 14-day survival period after loading (p < 0.02). We did not observe any intracortical resorption, and there was no increase in cortical bone area in survival ulnae. The reduction in whole bone stiffness in acute loaded ulnae was restored to baseline levels in survival ulnae (p > 0.6). Microindentation studies showed that Dif.Dx caused a highly localized reduction in elastic modulus in diffuse damage regions of the ulnar cortex. Moduli in these previously damaged bone areas were restored to control values by 14 days after loading. Our current findings indicate that small crack damage in bone can be repaired without bone remodeling, and they suggest that alternative repair mechanisms exist in bone to deal with submicron-sized matrix cracks. Those mechanisms are currently unknown and further investigations are needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which this direct repair occurs. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Analysis of Cembranoids in Flue‐cured Tobacco by Accelerated Solvent Extraction and Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry‐Selected Ion Monitoring
Authors: Qian Xiao‐Bo , Ye Jiang‐Ping , Chen Xiao‐Ming , Zhang Chang‐Hua , Liang Yong‐Jiang , Li Zhang‐Hai , Yang Jun
Published: July 2014

An efficient and sensitive analytical method based on accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry‐selected ion monitoring (GC‐MS‐SIM) was developed and validated for analysis of cembranoids in flue‐cured tobacco leaves. Extraction efficiency of different pretreatment methods including liquid‐solid extraction (LSE), ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE), Soxlet extraction and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) was compared and ASE was chosen as the optimal extraction method. During ASE procedure, effect of four parameters on extraction efficiency was considered and the experimental conditions were selected as follows: extraction solvent: dichloromethane; oven temperature: 50 °C; static time: 5 min and number of cycles: 2. Working standards of cembranoids were isolated by silica gel column chromatography and the identification was performed by mass spectrometry. Performance characteristics such as linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), precision and recovery were studied. The LOD and LOQ values were ranging from 5.0 × 10−3 to 6.9 × 10−3 μg/mL and 1.7 × 10−2 to 2.3 × 10−2 μg/mL for all analytes. At three different spiked levels, recoveries for CBT‐ol, α‐CBT‐diol and β‐CBT‐diol were 94.6%‐105.1%, 93.0%‐97.2% and 88.7%‐107.5% while the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were in the ranges of 3.9%‐6.2%, 1.8%‐8.7% and 1.7%‐6.0%, respectively. The proposed analytical methodology was successfully applied in the analysis of cembranoids in tobacco samples.
A Three‐Component Reaction for the Efficient Construction of the 2′,11b′‐Dihydrospiro[indoline‐3,1′‐pyrido[2,1‐a]isoquinoline] Skeleton
Authors: Sun Jing , Sun Yan , Gong Hui , Yan Chao‐Guo
Published: July 2014

The three‐component reactions of isoquinoline, acetylenedicarboxylates, and 3‐phenacylideneoxindoles in ethanol at room temperature resulted in a mixture of two diastereoisomers of 2′,11b′‐dihydrospiro[indoline‐3,1′‐pyrido[2,1‐a]isoquinoline] derivatives, which were successfully separated and characterized. The regioselectivity and diastereoselectivity of this reaction were briefly discussed.
Oxygen enhanced lung MRI by simultaneous measurement of T1 and T2* during free breathing using ultrashort TE
Authors: Triphan Simon M.F. , Breuer Felix A. , Gensler Daniel , Kauczor Hans‐Ulrich , Jakob Peter M.
Published: July 2014

Purpose

To provide a robust method for the simultaneous quantification of T1 and T2* in the human lung during free breathing. Breathing pure oxygen accelerates T1 and T2* relaxation in the lung. While T1 shortening reflects an increased amount of dissolved molecular oxygen in lung tissue, T2* shortening shows an increased concentration of oxygen in the alveolar gas. Therefore, both parameters reflect different aspects of the oxygen uptake and provide complementary lung functional information.

Materials and Methods

A segmented inversion recovery Look–Locker multiecho sequence based on a multiecho 2D ultrashort TE (UTE) was employed for simultaneous T1 and T2* quantification. The radial projections follow a modified golden angle ordering, allowing for respiratory self‐gating and thus the reconstruction of a series of differently T1 and T2*‐weighted images in arbitrary breathing states. The method was evaluated in nine healthy volunteers while breathing room air and pure oxygen, with two volunteers examined at five oxygen concentrations.

Results

Relative differences of ΔT1 between 7.9% and 12.7% and of ΔT2* between 13.2% and 6.0% were found.

Conclusion

The proposed method provides inherently coregistered, quantitative T1 and T2* maps in both expiration and inspiration from a single measurement acquired during free breathing and is thus well suited for clinical application.J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:1708–1714. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluating for a geospatial relationship between radon levels and thyroid Cancer in Pennsylvania
Authors: Goyal Neerav , Camacho Fabian , Mangano Joseph , Goldenberg David
Published: July 2014

Objectives/Hypothesis

To determine whether there is an association between radon levels and the rise in incidence of thyroid cancer in Pennsylvania.

Study Design

Epidemiological study of the state of Pennsylvania.

Methods

We used information from the Pennsylvania Cancer Registry and the Pennsylvania Department of Energy. From the registry, information regarding thyroid incidence by county and zip code was recorded. Information regarding radon levels per county was recorded from the state. Poisson regression models were fit predicting county‐level thyroid incidence and change as a function of radon/lagged radon levels. To account for measurement error in the radon levels, a Bayesian Model extending the Poisson models was fit. Geospatial clustering analysis was also performed.

Results

No association was noted between cumulative radon levels and thyroid incidence. In the Poisson modeling, no significant association was noted between county radon level and thyroid cancer incidence (P = .23). Looking for a lag between the radon level and its effect, no significant effect was seen with a lag of 0 to 6 years between exposure and effect (P = .063 to P = .59). The Bayesian models also failed to show a statistically significant association. A cluster of high thyroid cancer incidence was found in western Pennsylvania.

Conclusions

Through a variety of models, no association was elicited between annual radon levels recorded in Pennsylvania and the rising incidence of thyroid cancer. However, a cluster of thyroid cancer incidence was found in western Pennsylvania. Further studies may be helpful in looking for other exposures or associations.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 125:E45–E49, 2015
Turbinate‐septal suture for middle turbinate medialization: A prospective randomized trial
Authors: Chen Weihu , Wang Yonggan , Bi Yonghua , Chen Wenwen
Published: July 2014

Objectives/Hypothesis

One of the primary goals of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is to create widely patent paranasal sinus ostia, but lateralization of the middle turbinate (MT) after ESS can obstruct otherwise patent ethmoid and maxillary sinuses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of turbinate‐septal suturing in preventing lateralization of the MT.

Study Design

A prospective, randomized, blinded controlled study.

Methods

The study was performed in 120 patients who had undergone ESS. The patients were randomized to receive nasal (group A) or turbinate‐septal suture plus nasal packing (group B). Postoperative lateralization of the MT and synechia formation were assessed as the primary outcome 3 months post‐ESS. The Lund‐Kennedy Scores at 1 week, 2 week, and 1 month after ESS were assessed as the secondary outcomes.

Results

A total of 120 patients were enrolled (60 patients in each group). Group B had a significantly lower rate of MT lateralization compared to group A after 3 months of surgery (6 of 120 sides vs. 19 of 120 sides; P < 0.01). Synechia formation rates in groups B were also significantly lower than those in group A (4 of 120 sides vs. 13 of 120 sides; P = 0.023).

Conclusion

Middle turbinate‐septal suturing medialization during ESS is an effective method for preventing lateralization of the MT.

Level of Evidence

1b. Laryngoscope, 125:33–35, 2015
Acute Liver Allograft Antibody-Mediated Rejection: an Inter-Institutional Study of Significant Histopathological Features
Authors: O'Leary Jacqueline G. , Shiller Michelle S. , Bellamy Christopher , Nalesnik Michael A. , Kaneku Hugo , Jennings Linda W. , Isse Kumiko , Terasaki Paul I. , Klintmalm Göran B. , Demetris Anthony J.
Published: July 2014

Acute antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) occurs in a small minority of sensitized liver transplant recipients. Although histopathological characteristics have been described, specific features that could be used (1) to make a generalizable scoring system and (2) to trigger a more in-depth analysis are needed to screen for this rare but important finding. Toward this goal, we created training and validation cohorts of putative acute AMR and control cases from 3 high-volume liver transplant programs; these cases were evaluated blindly by 4 independent transplant pathologists. Evaluations of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) sections were performed alone without knowledge of either serum donor-specific human leukocyte antigen alloantibody (DSA) results or complement component 4d (C4d) stains. Routine histopathological features that strongly correlated with severe acute AMR included portal eosinophilia, portal vein endothelial cell hypertrophy, eosinophilic central venulitis, central venulitis severity, and cholestasis. Acute AMR inversely correlated with lymphocytic venulitis and lymphocytic portal inflammation. These and other characteristics were incorporated into models created from the training cohort alone. The final acute antibody-mediated rejection score (aAMR score)—the sum of portal vein endothelial cell hypertrophy, portal eosinophilia, and eosinophilic venulitis divided by the sum of lymphocytic portal inflammation and lymphocytic venulitis—exhibited a strong correlation with severe acute AMR in the training cohort [odds ratio (OR) = 2.86, P < 0.001] and the validation cohort (OR = 2.49, P < 0.001). SPSS tree classification was used to select 2 cutoffs: one that optimized specificity at a score > 1.75 (sensitivity = 34%, specificity = 86%) and another that optimized sensitivity at a score > 1.0 (sensitivity = 81%, specificity = 71%). In conclusion, the routine histopathological features of the aAMR score can be used to screen patients for acute AMR via routine H&E staining of indication liver transplant biopsy samples; however, a definitive diagnosis requires substantiation by DSA testing, diffuse C4d staining, and the exclusion of other insults. Liver Transpl 20:1244-1255, 2014. © 2014 AASLD.
Microstructural influence on corrosion properties of aluminium composites reinforced with amorphous iron borides
Authors: Abenojar J. , Bautista A. , Guzmán S. , Velasco F. , Martínez M. A.
Published: July 2014

Aluminium composite materials reinforced with amorphous iron borides (Fe/B) have been manufactured following a powder metallurgical (PM) route. Aluminium particles were mixed with 20% (by wt.) Fe/B particles (obtained by mechanical alloying during 36 h from iron and boron powders, 50% by wt. mixture). Mixes were uniaxially pressed and sintered at different temperatures (ranging from 650 to 1100 °C). The effect of sintering temperature on the corrosion resistance of those materials has been studied and related to the formed microstructures. Moreover, those materials were compared to a wrought and a PM plain aluminium. Their behaviour is studied through cyclic anodic polarization curves in chloride media. In the Al + 20%Fe/B composites, low sintering temperatures (650–950 °C) exert a negative effect. However, when the material was sintered at high temperature (1000–110 0°C) its behaviour was very similar to the pure sintered aluminium.