bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post-harvest Application and Physicochemical Properties of Jamun (Syzygium cuminii L.)
Authors: M Sankar , G. K Rajesh , M. V Prince , K. P Sudheer , R Sreeja
Published: December 2024

Jamun (Syzygium cuminii L.) is a subtropical fruit that comes under myrtaceae family originated from the Indian subcontinent. India is the second largest producer of jamun with an annual production of 2.1 million ton which contributes 15.4% of world production.  Jamun is a highly perishable seasonal fruit (May–June). Hence, processing and preservation are essential to ensure the availability of its products throughout the year. Engineering and physicochemical properties of the fruit play a crucial role in the design and development of processing equipment, handling of food products and processing. The engineering properties of jamun fruit, including physical, mechanical, and frictional characteristics, were investigated in this study. Additionally, the physicochemical properties of jamun juice, such as pH, total soluble solids (TSS), acidity, total phenolic content, total anthocyanin content, antioxidant activity and vitamin C, were measured as per standard procedures. Jamun contains 80 percent pulp and nearly 20 percent seed. The physical properties of jamun fruit, including length, width, thickness, sphericity, bulk density, and porosity, were determined to be 22.22 mm, 21.93 mm, 20.99 mm, 0.947, 0.67g/, and 32.48%, respectively. The firmness of the fruit was measured as 1.09 N and co efficient of friction of the fruit for different materials such as stainless steel, plywood, cardboard and glass were determined to be 1.25, 1.28, 1.56, 1.98, respectively. The physiochemical properties like moisture, pH, TSS, acidity, specific gravity, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, total anthocyanin content and vitamin c were found to be 85.33 % (wb), 3.12, 13.14%, 0.81, 0.9, 256.76 mg/100ml, 86%, 1281 mg/100ml and 16 mg/100ml, respectively. These properties highlight its significant potential as a functional food and raw material for various food processing applications.
The Role of Project Manager Competency in Construction Project Success: A Scoping Review Perspective of PT. MMS Group
Authors: Pambudi Elham Pratama , Roni Iman , Virgiawan Okky , Ratnawati
Published: December 2024

Previous literature reviews have explored the relationship between project manager competency and construction project success. The purpose of this scoping review is to map existing studies that assess the influence of project manager competency on construction project success. The main stages of the scoping review are: (1) identifying research questions; (2) identifying relevant studies; (3) selecting studies; (4) charting data, and (5) compiling, summarizing, and reporting results. Over a 10-year time span (2015-2024), the results of the scoping review indicate that most studies acknowledge that project manager competency influences construction project success. However, as has been claimed by Sonelma and Sucita (2022) that the project manager's competence does not affect the success of a construction project.
The Effect of Foliar Application of Zinc, Potassium, and Boron on Fruit Set and Retention in Kinnow Mandarin
Authors: Luxmi  , Rana G.S. , Sakshi
Published: December 2024

The study was conducted to assess the impact of foliar application of zinc (Zn), potassium (K), and boron (B) on the yield and quality of ‘Kinnow’ mandarin during 2023-2024 at the experimental orchard of the Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The aim was to address declining yields and fruit drop percentage due to improper nutrient management. The foliar treatments included zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄), potassium sulfate (K₂SO₄), and boric acid, either alone or in combination, applied to 10- year-old Kinnow plants. Key parameters measured included flowering time, fruit set, fruit retention, fruit drop, fruit size, and number of flowers per twig. The results indicated that the combined treatment of zinc sulfate (1.5%), potassium sulfate (0.5%), and boron (0.6%) was superior across all metrics, significantly improving vegetative growth, yield, and decline fruit drop percentage of tree. This treatment enhanced initial fruit set, fruit retention, and fruit size while reducing fruit drop or days taken for flowering. These findings suggest that proper nutrient application can significantly improve the productivity and quality of Kinnow mandarins. Zinc (Zn), boron (B), and potassium (K) are essential nutrients for fruit trees, playing critical roles in growth and fruit quality. Zinc is vital for enzyme activation, protein synthesis, and chlorophyll production, enhancing photosynthesis and reproductive success. Boron is crucial for cell wall formation, pollen tube growth, and nutrient transport, ensuring fruit set and preventing disorders like fruit cracking. Potassium regulates water balance, enzyme activity, and carbohydrate transport, contributing to larger fruit size, improved sugar content, and stress resistance. Together, these nutrients support optimal growth, fruit development, and high-quality fruit production.
Postprandial Blood Glucose and Glycaemic Index of Immature Coconut Nuts Water (Cocos nucifera L.)
Authors: Anselme Akpro Lathro , Françoise Kodjo Noëlle , Clavers Vanié Stéphane , Serges Doubi Bi Tra , N’klo Hala , Engueran Djaha Konan , Cynthia Ochou Germain Elisabeth , Jean-Louis Konan Konan , Albarin Gbogouri Grodji
Published: December 2024

Aims: Coconut water is a beverage that is becoming increasingly popular among the population, and manufacturers recommend its large-scale marketing in the form of cans. Such an innovation would attract a larger number of consumers
This study aims to determine the glycemic response and glycemic index of coconut water, considering the variety used as a factor.
Study Design: This research is quantitative in nature. Using a representative sample, we will be able to produce results on the benefits of drinking coconut water according to standard norms, tests and methods. we will know whether coconut water can be consumed without risk to the health of diabetics
Place and Duration of Study: Nangui Abrogoua University, National Centre for Agricultural Research, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, It took place from February to November, 2020
Materials and Methods: The material used consists of coconuts aged 9 months and blood glucose testing accessories. The methodology implemented is described as follows:
Methodology: The varieties tested were West African Tall (WAT), Malaysian Yellow Dwarf (MYD), Equatorial Guinea Green Dwarf (EGD), Port-Bouêt 121+ (PB 121+) and Port-Bouêt 113+ (PB 113+). The subjects in the study cohort consumed 750, 750, 850, 900 and 850 ml of water respectively. Capillary blood samples were taken after water ingestion to determine the postprandial glycaemic response. The glycaemic indexes of the waters of the same types were then analysed using standard methods.
Results: The results showed that coconut water from MYD (7.3 mmol/L), EGD (6.90 mmol/L) and WAT (6.80 mmol/L) varieties gave higher glycemic responses compared to PB121+ (6.52 mmol/L) and PB113+ (5.6 mmol/L). In terms of the glycaemic index, the varieties PB121+ (46.36%), NJM (44.72%) and PB113+ (43.71%) had higher values than EGD (41.50%) and WAT (40.04%). In view of the results obtained, the water of each of the five varieties studied is classified as a food with a low glycemic index according to current standards.
Conclusion: The results of this study show that coconut water is a food with a low glycaemic index, as the GI is between 40 and 47%, regardless of the type of coconut used. Therefore, according to international glycaemic index standards, coconut water could be consumed by everyone, including diabetics.
Effect of FYM, Areca Husk Compost and Coir Pith Compost on Yield, Quality and Soil Properties in Babycorn Cultivation (Zea mays L.)
Authors: N V Akshay , Basavalingaiah  , Sudharani N. , Sridharan C. J. , Shilpashree Y. P.
Published: December 2024

A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2023 at the College of Agriculture, Navile, Shivamogga. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with thirteen treatments and replicated thrice and treatment consisted of twelve organic nutrition treatments and an inorganic treatment which followed the standard package of practice (150:75:40 kg N: P2O5: K2O ha-1). In organic treatments, the organic manures FYM, Areca husk compost, and Coir pith compost are applied in combination and sole, and among the organic treatments, application of 50 percent N through FYM + 50 percent N through areca husk compost (T2) reported higher Husked yield of babycorn (119.0 q ha-1), Dehusked yield of babycorn (45.1 q ha-1), and green fodder yield (29.0 t ha-1) which was on par with a package of practice (T1). Quality parameters, total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, and sensory evaluation were significantly higher in 50 percent N through FYM + 50 percent N through areca husk compost (T2). Also, soil properties like available N, P2O5, and K2O and soil microbial count were increased by the different compost applications over the inorganic fertilizer application.
Color
Authors: Habekost Martin
Published: December 2019

The development of terminology of color perception based on common experience has led to a science of color description and measurement. The precise measurement of color is of significance in many branches of science and technology. It serves as a record for archival description, for standardization purposes, and for matching and controlling the many colorful products of commerce. This field continues to change and evolve.

The article focuses on the development of the science of color and its measurement.
Microencapsulation
Authors: Mishra Munmaya K.
Published: December 2019

Microencapsulation can be described in many ways. It is a technique by which active ingredients (designated as core) are packaged within a second surrounding material (designated as shell). For example microencapsulation is defined as a technology of casing solids, liquids, or gaseous materials (involves the incorporation of active agents such as: drugs, flavors, enzymes, cells, or other ingredients) in minute sealed capsules that can release their contents at controlled rates under specific conditions. Similarly, microencapsulation may be described as the coating of small solid particles, liquid droplets, or gas bubbles with a thin film of coating or shell material. Many terms have been used to describe the contents of a microcapsule: active agent, actives, core material, fill, payload, encapsulant, active ingredient, internal phase or internal ingredient, nucleus, and payload, etc.
Welding
Authors: Marcus Miranda , Harwig Dennis , Gould Jerry , Lindamood Lindsey
Published: December 2019

Welding is a fabrication technology of broad scope whereby fusion of materials is achieved through application of heat and/or pressure. Fabricated metals and nonmetals products include bridges, buildings, ships, automobiles, offshore platforms, pipelines, pressure vessels, consumer appliances, and miniature welds used in microcircuits.

This article provides an overview of metal and plastic welding. Three specific metal welding processes are discussed: arc welding, resistance welding, and ultrasonic welding. The section on plastic welding covers the most commonly used processes.
Ziegler‐Natta Catalysts
Authors: Fisch Adriano G.
Published: December 2019

The development of polymers has made daily activities more pleasant. Polyolefins, mainly polyethylene and polypropylene, are used in large scale by society thanks to its wide properties and affordable costs. This remarkable achievement initiated by the research work conducted by professors Ziegler and Natta, by which both were awarded with the Nobel Prize due to the discovery of a catalytic route for producing polyethylene and polypropylene of outstanding properties. Owing to the social importance of this discovery, the catalyst is known as Ziegler‐Natta by society. The modern versions of the Ziegler‐Natta catalyst are typically composed by a transition metal (Ti or V), aluminum alkyl (AlEt
3
), and Lewis base (diesters; electron donor) all immobilized on a support (MgCl
2
).
Structure and steroid isomerase activity of Drosophila glutathione transferase E14 essential for ecdysteroid biosynthesis
Authors: Škerlová Jana , Lindström Helena , Gonis Elodie , Sjödin Birgitta , Neiers Fabrice , Stenmark Pål , Mannervik Bengt
Published: December 2019

Ecdysteroids are critically important for the formation of the insect exoskeleton. Cholesterol is a precursor of ecdysone and its active form 20‐hydroxyecdysone, but some steps in the ecdysteroid biosynthesis pathway remain unknown. An essential requirement of glutathione (GSH) transferase GSTE14 in ecdysteroid biosynthesis has been established in Drosophila melanogaster, but its function is entirely unknown. Here, we have determined the crystal structure of GSTE14 in complex with GSH and investigated the kinetic properties of GSTE14 with alternative substrates. GSTE14 has high‐ranking steroid double‐bond isomerase activity, albeit 50‐fold lower than the most efficient mammalian GSTs. Corresponding steroid isomerizations are unknown in insects, and their exact physiological role remains to be shown. Nonetheless, the essential enzyme GSTE14 is here demonstrated to be catalytically competent and have a steroid‐binding site.
Supercritical Fluid Extraction in Plant Analysis
Authors: Pourmortazavi Seied Mahdi , Rahimi‐Nasrabadi Mehdi , Hajimirsadeghi Seiedeh Somayyeh
Published: December 2019

This article presents comprehensive information on applications and developments of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) technique in plant oils and herbal volatile components analysis. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO
2
) is widely used for extraction and isolation of volatile and essential oils of plants. SFE possesses valuable advantages in the extraction of various analytes, especially nonpolar compounds, from plant matrices. Meanwhile, some modifications such as the usage of modifiers make this technique applicable for the extraction of polar targets as well. SFE in herbal field is used for the extraction of a wide range of analytes including food, agricultural agents, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and pesticides. This article aims to review, from plant oil analysis standpoint, the recent advances in the use of SC‐CO
2
for the extraction and separation of herbal analytes. The use of experimental designs, including screening and optimizing, in the SFE process for the extraction of plant oils is described. In addition, it presents a critical appraisal about the advantages and disadvantages of SFE technique in comparison with traditional extraction methods, that is Soxhlet, hydrodistillation (HD), and head space extraction. The abilities, advantages, shortcomings, and prospects of SFE for isolation and extraction of volatile components and essential oil of plant materials are also discussed.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance as Analytical Tool for Crude Plant Extracts
Authors: Bilia Anna R.
Published: December 2019

Authentication, quality control, and stability testing of crude plant extracts are generally achieved and well established through HPLC, HPTLC, and capillary GC, using specific detectors such as UV–vis, RI, and coupled systems (MS), which allow the qualitative and quantitative determination of the composition of the markers or active substances. The major disadvantages of these conventional methods lie in the time consuming for the development of simple and rapid chromatographic separation and for the preparation of samples before measurements. In addition, these techniques are not able to reveal unknown plant metabolites that can contribute to the biological activity.

NMR spectroscopy is nondestructive, selective, and capable of simultaneous detection of a great number of constituents. The identification by NMR provides on both major and minor components, with no restrictions relating to volatility, polarity, or the presence of specific chromophores. Finally, the method can be applied without knowledge of the composition of the sample. NMR spectra contain information about the identity of the molecules in the extracts and are useful to quantify the constituents. NMR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric tools has been successfully applied to the characterization of various herbs and plant extracts for quality control, authentication, determining geographical origin, and detecting adulteration of herbal drugs and extracts.
Kinds of (Non)Specificity
Authors: Farkas Donka F. , Brasoveanu Adrian
Published: December 2019

The chapter casts a look at the role specificity has played in DP semantics since the early 1970s. It puts forward the proposal that the common thread across specificity distinctions is the contrast between stability vs variability in value assignments for the variable introduced by the DP across various types of alternatives. Special determiners are used to mark either variation (nonspecificity) or stability (specificity).
Advances in Plant Metabolomics
Authors: Pérez‐Alonso Marta‐Marina , Carrasco‐Loba Víctor , Pollmann Stephan
Published: December 2019

Over recent years, metabolomics found its way into daily laboratory routine as an additional ‘omics’ platform technology, playing an increasingly important role in modern plant sciences. It is often complementing other approaches such as transcriptomics or proteomics in systems biology experiments. Representing the end products of biochemical processes, metabolites can be regarded as the ultimate readout of cellular regulatory processes, giving account on adaptations or changes of biological systems challenged by environmental or developmental stimuli. In analogy to the terms transcriptome and proteome, the entire set of metabolites produced by a biological system is referred to as its metabolome. Due to their extensive secondary metabolism, plants possess a metabolome extremely rich in small molecule metabolites. This makes metabolomics in plant sciences a particularly challenging task. In general terms, metabolomics refers to the systematic and comprehensive investigation of the greatest possible part of low molecular weight molecules in a biological sample. In first place, this is achieved by the unbiased assessment of mass spectrometric (MS) data. Metabolomics is a highly relevant method to improve our knowledge on alterations of biological processes in response to external and internal cues. Substantial advances in instrument technology promoted the advent of metabolomics approaches over the last 15 years. Future studies and further improvements in the field can be expected to provide an even deeper insight into the regulatory and biochemical intricacies in plants that will likely pave the way to novel breeding strategies and a more sustainable agriculture. This article strives to provide an overview of the state‐of‐the‐art in the research field, summarising the main MS‐based approaches that are commonly used to perform targeted and untargeted metabolomics experiments. Moreover, possible pitfalls and future trends will be discussed.
Impact of Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint Osteoarthritis: A Pragmatic Qualitative Study
Authors: Bühler Miranda , Chapple Cathy M. , Stebbings Simon , Pōtiki‐Bryant Katrina , David Baxter G.
Published: December 2019

Objective

First carpometacarpal (CMC1) joint osteoarthritis (OA) is typically understood as part of the disease entity of hand OA. However, CMC1 joint OA often occurs in isolation or is a primary source of symptoms. The aim of the current study was to explore the experiences of New Zealanders with CMC1 joint OA to better understand the unique impact of this condition, ascertain outcomes of importance, and identify treatment targets.

Methods

In this pragmatic qualitative study, patients who either reported a history suggestive of CMC1 joint OA or had been diagnosed by a physician were recruited from health and community settings in 2 centers on the South Island of New Zealand. Thirty participants (11 men and 19 women, mean ± SD age 65.4 ± 11.36 years) took part in individual face‐to‐face interviews and kept diaries. The interviews were audio recorded, and along with the diaries, transcribed. Data were analyzed by thematic analysis using a primarily inductive approach. The Health Impact Model was employed to help with interpretation of the results.

Results

Five interrelated levels of health impact were identified: symptom status, functional limitations, restrictions in social activities and roles, negative thoughts and feelings, and an altered sense of self. Constant pain and pain at night were key symptoms that were associated with impact at the other levels.

Conclusion

Constant pain, pain at night, functional capacity, medication burden, emotional impact, and sense of self are important outcomes and treatment targets in people with CMC1 joint OA.
Using Deep Machine Learning to Understand the Physical Performance Bottlenecks in Novel Thin‐Film Solar Cells
Authors: Majeed Nahdia , Saladina Maria , Krompiec Michal , Greedy Steve , Deibel Carsten , MacKenzie Roderick C. I.
Published: December 2019

There is currently a worldwide effort to develop materials for solar energy harvesting which are efficient and cost effective, and do not emit significant levels of CO2 during manufacture. When a researcher fabricates a novel device from a novel material system, it often takes many weeks of experimental effort and data analysis to understand why any given device/material combination produces an efficient or poorly optimized cell. It therefore takes the community tens of years to transform a promising material system to a fully optimized cell ready for production (perovskites are a contemporary example). Herein, developed is a new and rapid approach to understanding device/material performance, which uses a combination of machine learning, device modeling, and experiment. Providing a set of electrical device parameters (charge carrier mobilities, recombination rates, trap densities, etc.) in a matter of seconds thus offers a fast way to directly link fabrication conditions to device/material performance, pointing a way to further and more rapid optimization of light harvesting devices. The method is demonstrated by using it to understand annealing temperature and surfactant choice and in terms of charge carrier dynamics in organic solar cells made from the P3HT:PCBM, PBTZT‐stat‐BDTT‐8:PCBM, and PTB7:PCBM material systems.
Traditional Dough in the Era of Internet of Things: Edible, Renewable, and Reconfigurable Skin‐Like Iontronics
Authors: Lei Zhouyue , Huang Jiahui , Wu Peiyi
Published: December 2019

With the rapid development of Internet of Things technology, interactive interfaces that can promote bidirectional communications between human beings and machines will certainly play an important role. Current electronic or iontronic systems meet diverse requirements such as conductivity, mechanical compliance, stimuli responsiveness, long‐time duration, and even biocompatibility. However, for future large‐scale applications, non‐degradable and non‐recyclable components in these devices cause resource waste and environmental pollution. Here, traditional dough is used to replace non‐recyclable conductive components and fabricate a type of renewable and reconfigurable smart skin. These smart skins are self‐healing, mechanically adaptable to irregular interfaces, and can sense different gestures of a prosthetic hand as well as large and subtle scale of human motion. This work greatly extends the material choice and enables new functionality for skin‐like iontronics, and may address the concern about their impact on human health and environmental issues in the era of Internet of Things.
Nanofibrous Composite with Tailorable Electrical and Mechanical Properties for Cardiac Tissue Engineering
Authors: Roshanbinfar Kaveh , Vogt Lena , Ruther Florian , Roether Judith A. , Boccaccini Aldo R. , Engel Felix B.
Published: December 2019

Cardiac tissue engineering is a promising strategy to prevent functional deterioration or even to enhance cardiac function upon myocardial infarction. Here, electrospun fiber mats containing different combinations of electrically conductive polyaniline, collagen, and/or hyaluronic acid are assessed regarding material properties and compatibility with cardiomyocyte attachment and function. Microstructure analysis reveals that collagen fiber mats contain a wide range of fiber diameters after crosslinking (from ≈300 nm to ≈5 µm); all other fiber mats contain fibers in the range of ≈120 to ≈300 nm. Fiber mats exhibit comparable electrical conductivity to and greater mechanical properties than the native human myocardium, which is considered beneficial. Cell–matrix interaction analysis utilizing postnatal rat cardiomyocytes reveals that the fiber mats are non‐cytotoxic and permit cell attachment and contraction. Fiber mats containing collagen (9.89%), hyaluronic acid (1.1%), and polyaniline (PANi, 1.34%) exhibit the most favorable properties with longer contraction time, higher contractile amplitude, and lower beating rates. Improved contraction is accompanied by increased connexin 43 expression. Importantly, this fiber mat is a suitable material for human‐induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes regarding cytotoxicity, cell attachment, and function. Collectively, these data demonstrate that fiber mats made of collagen, hyaluronic acid, and polyaniline are promising materials for cardiac tissue engineering.
Double‐Layered M2e‐NA Protein Nanoparticle Immunization Induces Broad Cross‐Protection against Different Influenza Viruses in Mice
Authors: Wang Ye , Deng Lei , Gonzalez Gilbert X. , Luthra Latika , Dong Chunhong , Ma Yao , Zou Jun , Kang Sang‐Moo , Wang Bao‐Zhong
Published: December 2019

The development of a universal influenza vaccine is an ideal strategy to eliminate public health threats from influenza epidemics and pandemics. This ultimate goal is restricted by the low immunogenicity of conserved influenza epitopes. Layered protein nanoparticles composed of well‐designed conserved influenza structures have shown improved immunogenicity with new physical and biochemical features. Herein, structure‐stabilized influenza matrix protein 2 ectodomain (M2e) and M2e‐neuraminidase fusion (M2e‐NA) recombinant proteins are generated and M2e protein nanoparticles and double‐layered M2e‐NA protein nanoparticles are produced by ethanol desolvation and chemical crosslinking. Immunizations with these protein nanoparticles induce immune protection against different viruses of homologous and heterosubtypic NA in mice. Double‐layered M2e‐NA protein nanoparticles induce higher levels of humoral and cellular responses compared with their comprising protein mixture or M2e nanoparticles. Strong cytotoxic T cell responses are induced in the layered M2e‐NA protein nanoparticle groups. Antibody responses contribute to the heterosubtypic NA immune protection. The protective immunity is long lasting. These results demonstrate that double‐layered protein nanoparticles containing structure‐stabilized M2e and NA can be developed into a universal influenza vaccine or a synergistic component of such vaccines. Layered protein nanoparticles can be a general vaccine platform for different pathogens.
Strategies for Analyzing Noncommon‐Atom Heterovalent Interfaces: The Case of CdTe‐on‐InSb
Authors: Luna Esperanza , Trampert Achim , Lu Jing , Aoki Toshihiro , Zhang Yong‐Hang , McCartney Martha R. , Smith David J.
Published: December 2019

Semiconductor heterostructures are intrinsic to a wide range of modern‐day electronic devices, such as computers, light‐emitting devices, and photodetectors. Knowledge of chemical interfacial profiles in these structures is critical to the task of optimizing the device performance. This work presents an analysis of the composition profile and strain across the noncommon‐atom heterovalent CdTe/InSb interface, carried out using a combination of electron microscopy imaging techniques. Because of the close atomic numbers of the constituent elements, techniques such as high‐angle annular‐dark‐field and large‐angle bright‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy, as well as electron energy‐loss spectroscopy, give results from the interface region that are inherently difficult to interpret. By contrast, use of the 002 dark‐field imaging technique emphasizes the interface location by comparing differences in structure factors between the two materials. Comparisons of experimental and simulated CdTe‐on‐InSb profiles reveal that the interface is structurally abrupt to within about 1.5 nm (10–90% criterion), while geometric phase analysis based on aberration‐corrected electron microscopy images reveals a minimal level of interfacial strain. The present investigation opens new routes to the systematic investigation of heterovalent interfaces, formed by the combination of other valence‐mismatched material systems.
Highly Robust, Flexible, and Large‐Scale 3D‐Metallized Sponge for High‐Performance Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Lin Sen , Liu Junchen , Wang Qingmin , Zu Di , Wang Haiyang , Wu Fan , Bai Xiaopeng , Song Jianan , Liu Zhenglian , Li Ziwei , Huang Kai , Li Bo , Lei Ming , Wu Hui
Published: December 2019

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is a type of pollution that is caused by the ubiquitous usage of electronic communication in general, and military radar equipment in particular. Even though this is a common problem for a long time, the fabrication of large‐area, flexible, and robust EMI shielding materials is still a challenge today. In this work, the 3D meshing strategy is simulated for most efficient utilization of metallic silver for X‐band EMI shielding, and propose a roll‐to‐roll (R2R) process to fabricate robust, flexible, and large‐scale EMI shielding sponge, silver nanowires/polyvinyl butyral (PVB) melamine sponge (AgPMS). Typically, 0.5 cm thick sponge has about 60 dB total EMI shielding efficiency (SE) in the microwave band, which is higher than for commercial EMI shielding sponges (about 45 dB) of the same thickness. AgPMS shows unchanged electrical properties after 1000 compression and bending cycles. Moreover, a AgPMS garment is made to demonstrate the excellent EMI shielding performance and remarkable flexibility of this material. Those properties suggest that AgPMS can be readily applied in challenging environments like hospitals, military installations, remote communication centers, and for any devices with curved surfaces.
A Flexible, Recyclable, and High‐Performance Pullulan‐Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator (TENG)
Authors: Lu Yuanchao , Li Xunjia , Ping Jianfeng , He Jin‐song , Wu Jian
Published: December 2019

The developments of natural biomaterials‐based triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have been emerged with the extensive and promising requirements in biomedical and biowearable fields due to the properties of renewability, cost‐effectivity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. In this work, a flexible, recyclable, and high‐performance pullulan‐based TENG, fabricated with pullulan and other additives, is developed. Based on the open‐circuit voltage, the thickness and the additives of pullulan‐based TENGs are optimized. The maximum open‐circuit voltage, 79 V, under 10 Hz motion frequency and 10 W loading power is obtained in the NaF‐pullulan TENG. And the optimal output power density is 41.7 mW m−2 under 7 MΩ loading resistance. Then, practical applications of the as‐fabricated pullulan‐based TENGs on lighting LED arrays and monitoring hand bending movements are successfully investigated, presenting the feasibility of powering electric devices and acting as wearable devices. Finally, the excellent recyclability of the P‐P film is illustrated by the excellent TENG performance within five‐times recycles. Thus, the recyclability and facile fabrication procedures of the pullulan‐based TENGs could provide a potential prospect in the next‐generation biowearable devices and energy harvesters.
High‐Performance Platinum‐Perovskite Composite Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalyst for Rechargeable Zn–Air Battery
Authors: Wang Xixi , Sunarso Jaka , Lu Qian , Zhou Ziling , Dai Jie , Guan Daqin , Zhou Wei , Shao Zongping
Published: December 2019

Constructing highly active electrocatalysts with superior stability at low cost is a must, and vital for the large‐scale application of rechargeable Zn–air batteries. Herein, a series of bifunctional composites with excellent electrochemical activity and durability based on platinum with the perovskite Sr(Co0.8Fe0.2)0.95P0.05O3−δ (SCFP) are synthesized via a facile but effective strategy. The optimal sample Pt‐SCFP/C‐12 exhibits outstanding bifunctional activity for the oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction with a potential difference of 0.73 V. Remarkably, the Zn–air battery based on this catalyst shows an initial discharge and charge potential of 1.25 and 2.02 V at 5 mA cm−2, accompanied by an excellent cycling stability. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure, and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure experiments demonstrate that the superior performance is due to the strong electronic interaction between Pt and SCFP that arises as a result of the rapid electron transfer via the PtOCo bonds as well as the higher concentration of surface oxygen vacancies. Meanwhile, the spillover effect between Pt and SCFP also can increase more active sites via lowering energy barrier and change the rate‐determining step on the catalysts surface. Undoubtedly, this work provides an efficient approach for developing low‐cost and highly active catalysts for wider application of electrochemical energy devices.
Solidarity and disparity: Declining labor union density and changing racial and educational mortality inequities in the United States
Authors: Eisenberg‐Guyot Jerzy , Mooney Stephen J. , Hagopian Amy , Barrington Wendy E. , Hajat Anjum
Published: December 2019

Background

Recently, United States life expectancy has stagnated or declined for the poor and working class and risen for the middle and upper classes. Declining labor‐union density—the percent of workers who are unionized—has precipitated burgeoning income inequity. We examined whether it has also exacerbated racial and educational mortality inequities.

Methods

From CDC, we obtained state‐level all‐cause and overdose/suicide mortality overall and by gender, gender‐race, and gender‐education from 1986–2016. State‐level union density and demographic and economic confounders came from the Current Population Survey. State‐level policy confounders included the minimum wage, the generosity of Aid to Families with Dependent Children or Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, and the generosity of unemployment insurance. To model the exposure‐outcome relationship, we used marginal structural modeling. Using state‐level inverse‐probability‐of‐treatment‐weighted Poisson models with state and year fixed effects, we estimated 3‐year moving average union density’s effects on the following year’s mortality rates. Then, we tested for gender, gender‐race, and gender‐education effect‐modification. Finally, we estimated how racial and educational all‐cause mortality inequities would change if union density increased to 1985 or 1988 levels, respectively.

Results

Overall, a 10% increase in union density was associated with a 17% relative decrease in overdose/suicide mortality (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.70, 0.98), or 5.7 lives saved per 100 000 person‐years (95% CI: −10.7, −0.7). Union density's absolute (lives‐saved) effects on overdose/suicide mortality were stronger for men than women, but its relative effects were similar across genders. Union density had little effect on all‐cause mortality overall or across subgroups, and modeling suggested union‐density increases would not affect mortality inequities.

Conclusions

Declining union density (as operationalized in this study) may not explain all‐cause mortality inequities, although increases in union density may reduce overdose/suicide mortality.
Current work hours and coronary artery calcification (CAC): The Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Authors: Allison Penelope J. , Jorgensen Neal W. , Fekedulegn Desta , Landsbergis Paul , Andrew Michael E. , Foy Capri , Hinckley Stukovsky Karen , Charles Luenda E.
Published: December 2019

Background

Long work hours may be associated with adverse outcomes, including cardiovascular disease. We investigated cross‐sectional associations of current work hours with coronary artery calcification (CAC).

Methods

Participants (n = 3046; 54.6% men) were from the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. The number of hours worked in all jobs was obtained by questionnaire and CAC from computed tomography. The probability of a positive CAC score was modeled using log‐binomial regression. Positive scores were modeled using analysis of covariance and linear regression.

Results

Sixteen percent of the sample worked over 50 hours per week. The overall geometric mean CAC score was 5.2 ± 10.0; 40% had positive scores. In fully‐adjusted models, prevalence ratios were less than 40 hours: 1.00 (confidence interval [CI]: 0.88‐1.12), 40:(ref), 41 to 49:1.13 (CI: 0.99‐1.30), and ≥50:1.07 (CI: 0.94‐1.23) and longer current work hours were not associated with higher mean CAC scores (<40:56.0 [CI: 47.3‐66.3], 40:57.8 [CI: 45.6‐73.3], 41 to 49:59.2 [CI: 45.2‐77.6], ≥50:51.2 [CI: 40.5‐64.8]; P = .686).

Conclusions

Current work hours were not independently associated with CAC scores.
Holoprosencephaly in Kabuki syndrome
Authors: Daly Tara , Roberts Abra , Yang Edward , Mochida Ganeshwaran H. , Bodamer Olaf
Published: December 2019

Kabuki syndrome is a rare, multi‐systemic disorder of chromatin regulation due to mutations in either KMT2D or KDM6A that encode a H3K4 methyltransferase and an H3K27 demethylase, respectively. The associated clinical phenotype is a direct result of temporal and spatial changes in gene expression in various tissues including the brain. Although mild to moderate intellectual disability is frequently recognized in individuals with Kabuki syndrome, the identification of brain anomalies, mostly involving the hippocampus and related structures remains an exception. Recently, the first two cases with alobar holoprosencephaly and mutations in KMT2D have been reported in the medical literature. We identified a de novo, pathogenic KMT2D variant (c.6295C > T; p.R2099X) using trio whole‐exome sequencing in a 2‐year‐old female with lobar holoprosencephaly, microcephaly and cranio‐facial features of Kabuki syndrome. This report expands the spectrum of brain anomalies associated with Kabuki syndrome underscoring the important role of histone modification for early brain development.
Stable Salts of Heteroleptic Iron Carbonyl/Nitrosyl Cations
Authors: Bohnenberger Jan , Krossing Ingo
Published: December 2019

The oxidation of Fe(CO)5 with the [NO]+ salt of the weakly coordinating perfluoroalkoxyaluminate anion [F‐{Al(ORF)3}2]− (RF=C(CF3)3) leads to stable salts of the 18 valence electron (VE) species [Fe(CO)4(NO)]+ and [Fe(CO)(NO)3]+ with the Enemark–Feltham numbers of {FeNO}8 and {FeNO}10. This finally concludes the triad of heteroleptic iron carbonyl/nitrosyl complexes, since the first discovery of the anionic ([Fe(CO)3(NO)]−) and neutral ([Fe(CO)2(NO)2]) species over 80 years ago. Both complexes were fully characterized (IR, Raman, NMR, UV/Vis, scXRD, pXRD) and are stable at room temperature under inert conditions over months and may serve as useful starting materials for further investigations.
Thin‐film nanocomposite forward osmosis membranes modified with Zr‐based metal–organic framework to improve desalination performance
Authors: Bagherzadeh Mojtaba , Bayrami Arshad , Amini Mojtaba
Published: December 2019

In present work, first, the water‐stable metal–organic framework (MOF) nanocrystals, UiO‐66‐(F)4, were synthesized under green reaction condition and then some PES/PA thin‐film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes were prepared using this synthesized nanocrystals (as modifier) and polyethersulfone (as the substrate). The obtained MOF and membranes were characterized by various characterization techniques such as FE‐SEM, AFM, PXRD, contact angle measurements and FT‐IR spectroscopy. Finally, the forward osmosis performance of the resultant membranes was evaluated by using different concentrations of NaCl as a draw solution and deionized water as a feed solution. Among all used membranes, the membrane with 0.1 wt% loading of UiO‐66‐(F)4 (TFN‐2) was found to be an efficient composite membrane in the FO performance with high Jw and low Js/Jw.
Highly conductive polymer composites with excellent toughness, fluidity and temperature‐independent conductivity
Authors: Li Guanglin , Xia Honglei , Lei Yajie , Yang WenBin , Liu Tao , He JiangPing
Published: December 2019

Conductive polymer composites of low melting point metal/ high melting point metal/polymer were prepared by melt mixing and investigated the effects of Sn‐to‐Cu content ratio on the microstructure and properties of Sn/Cu/PA6 ternary composites with a metal content of 53.3 vol %. The results show that Sn reacts with Cu to form intermetallic compounds during melting processing. WhenVSn/VCuis less than 1.5, the metal phase is a solid. However, ifVSn/VCuis higher than 1.5, the metal phase is a suspension. AsVSn/VCuincreases, the morphology of metal phase changes from “islands” to physically continuous networks, and the Volume resistivity, impact strength and complex viscosity of the composites can reach 1.11 × 10−4Ω cm, 3.8 kJ/m2and 2.4 × 103 Pa s, respectively. Moreover, the resistivity of the composites with physically continuous networks is almost independent of temperature. The combination of low and high melt point metals can be considered as a useful strategy to prepare conductive polymer composites with high performance. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2020,137, 48820.
Simultaneous removal of Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Zn from synthetic solutions on a hemp‐based felt. III. Real discharge waters
Authors: Morin‐Crini Nadia , Staelens Jean‐Noël , Loiacono Sonia , Martel Bernard , Chanet Gilles , Crini Grégorio
Published: December 2019

Two hemp‐based materials were used as nonconventional adsorbents for the final treatment of industrial discharge waters (DWs) from a metal‐finishing plant. The first adsorbent, referred as HEMP, was a felt made of 100% hemp fiber. The second was the same felt coated with a maltodextrin‐1,2,3,4‐butanetetracarboxylic crosslinked polymer (HEMPM) in order to provide ion‐exchange properties to the material by introducing carboxylic groups. The batch experiments showed that both materials exhibited high adsorption capacities toward metal ions present in 12 DWs, leading to concentrations well below those allowed by the French regulation. Measurements of the germination rate ofLactuca sativaseeds and of mobility inhibition ofDaphnia magna, used as ecotoxicological tests, were carried out on DWs before and after hemp treatment. The average germination rate before and after treatment were 47.2 ± 4.1 for untreated DWs, 71.2 ± 6.3 for DWs treated by HEMP, and 89.3 ± 4.7 for DWs treated by HEMPM. The EC50 values for four DWs were between 2.1 and 10.4% of DW, indicating high toxicity. After HEMPM treatment, exposure to the DW for 24 h did not cause immobilization (EC50 > 90%). © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2020,137, 48823.
Density reduction behaviors and cell morphology in extrusion of LLDPE/wood fiber composites with physical and chemical blowing agents
Authors: Guo Gangjian
Published: December 2019

Foamed wood fiber/plastic composites (WPC) with a fine‐cell structure offer many benefits compared with the unfoamed WPC, such as the reduced material cost and density, the improved toughness, and the enhanced processability. However, it is extremely challenging to achieve the desired density reduction and obtain a fine‐cell structure simultaneously. One of the obstacles is that the volatiles released from the wood fiber (WF) during processing should be suppressed to ensure a fine‐cell structure. Linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) has a relatively low melting temperature, and it can reduce the processing temperature and suppress volatiles when used as a polymer matrix for foamed WPC. This paper systematically investigates the foamability of LLDPE/WF composites in a continuous foam extrusion, with both a chemical blowing agent and a physical blowing agent (PBA). It turns out that the PBA‐based foaming led to a smaller cell size and a narrower cell size distribution. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48829.
Preparation of planar and hydrophobic benzocyclobutene‐based dielectric material from biorenewable rosin
Authors: Fu Fei , Wang Dan , Shen Minggui , Shang Shibin , Song Zhanqian , Song Jie
Published: December 2019

A rosin‐based monomer with thermally crosslinkable benzocyclobutene groups was synthesized in this study. The structure of the monomer was examined using mass spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. An amorphous crosslinked network with dielectric constant of 2.71 and dielectric loss of 0.0012 at 30 MHz was formed when the monomer was polymerized at high temperature (> 200 °C). The polymer film exhibits surface roughness (Ra) of 0.337 nm in a 5.0 × 5.0 μm2 area and the water contact angle of 110°. In addition, results from thermogravimetric analysis indicate that the polymer has T5% = 402 °C, and differential scanning calorimetry measurements show that the glass transition temperature is at least 350 °C. Results from nanoindentation tests show that the hardness and Young's modulus of the polymer are 0.418 and 4.728 GPa, respectively. These data suggest that this new polymer may have potential applications in electronics and microelectronics. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48831.
Smith‐Lemli‐Opitz syndrome — Fetal phenotypes with special reference to the syndrome‐specific internal malformation pattern
Authors: Schoner Katharina , Witsch‐Baumgartner Martina , Behunova Jana , Petrovic Robert , Bald Rainer , Kircher Susanne G. , Ramaswamy Annette , Kluge Britta , Meyer‐Wittkopf Matthias , Schmitz Ralf , Fritz Barbara , Zschocke Johannes , Laccone Franco , Rehder Helga
Published: December 2019

Background

Autosomal‐recessive SLOS is caused by mutations in the DHCR7 gene. It is defined as a highly variable complex of microcephaly with intellectual disability, characteristic facies, hypospadias, and polysyndactyly. Syndrome diagnosis is often missed at prenatal ultrasound and fetal autopsy

Methods

We performed autopsies and DHCR7 gene analyses in eight fetuses suspected of having SLOS and measured cholesterol values in long‐term formalin‐fixed tissues of an additional museum exhibit

Results

Five of the nine fetuses presented classical features of SLOS, including four cases with atrial/atrioventricular septal defects and renal anomalies, and one with additional bilateral renal agenesis and a Dandy‐Walker cyst. These cases allowed for diagnosis at autopsy and subsequent SLOS diagnosis in two siblings. Two fetuses were mildly affected and two fetuses showed additional holoprosencephaly. These four cases and the exhibit had escaped diagnosis at autopsy. The case with bilateral renal agenesis presented a novel combination of a null allele and a putative C‐terminus missense mutation in the DHCR7 gene

Conclusions

In view of the discrepancy between the prevalence of SLOS among newborns and the carrier frequency of a heterozygous DHCR7 gene mutation, the syndrome‐specific internal malformation pattern may be helpful not to miss SLOS diagnosis in fetuses at prenatal ultrasound and fetal autopsy