bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Benlik Saygısının Yordayıcısı Olarak Beden İmgesi Baş Etme Stratejileri
Authors: VARLIKLAR DEMİRKAZIK Çiçek Nilsu
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study is to examine whether the body image coping strategies of university students in emerging adulthood affect their self-esteem. In line with sub-goals, it was also examined whether the variables showed a significant difference according to various demographic characteristics and social media usage attitudes. The research was designed as a cross-sectional research in the relational survey model, which is one of the quantitative research methods, one of the general survey model. The study group consist of a total of 105 students who are 1st year students in Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Department of Social Work (n=57) and Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation (n=48). Body Image Coping Strategies Inventory, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Inventory and Personal Information Form were used as data collection tools. The data were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics 21 program using statistical analyses method. The findings show that there is a significant difference between the participants’ self-esteem and their use of appearance correction strategy and their selfie-taking behaviors. There is a positive and low correlation between avoidance and self-esteem, and the avoidance variable was a significant predictor of self-esteem. As a result, the examination of the emerging adulthood was considered important fot the future of societies and the concepts of body image/self-esteem were evaluated together with the technological development.
Cultural Diversity in Igbo Life: A Postcolonial Response to Chinua Achebe’s Arrow of God
Authors: Zahid Sazzad Hossain
Published: August 2021

In his book Chinua Achebe, David Caroll (1980) describes the novel Arrow of God as a fight for dominance both on the theological and political level, as well as in the framework of Igbo philosophy. In Critical Perspectives on Chinua Achebe (1990), famous Achebe critics C. L. Innes and Berth Lindforts consider Arrow of God as a novel with conflicting ideas and voices inside each community with the tensions and rivalries that make it alive and vital. Another profound scholar on Achebe Chinwe Christiana Okechukwu (2001) in Achebe the Orator: The Art of Persuasion in Chinua Achebe's Novels assesses Arrow of God, which depicts a community under imminent danger of cultural genocide unleashed by agents of Western imperialism who have recently arrived in the indigenous society. However, the author in this study attempts to see Arrow of God as a postcolonial response to cultural diversity that upholds its uniting and cohesive force in Nigerian Igbo life. The goal is to look at how Achebe, in response to misleading western discourses, develops a simplistic image and appreciation that persists in Igbo life and culture even as colonization takes hold. This paper also exhibits how the Igbo people share their hardships, uphold their age-old ideals, celebrate festivals, and even battle on disagreements. This study employs postcolonial theory to reconsider aspects of cultural diversity among the African Igbo people, which are threatened by the intervention of European colonialism in the name of religion, progress, and civilization.
Implementation of Big Data Analytics for Simulating, Predicting & Optimizing the Solar Energy Production
Authors: Yousif Jabar
Published: August 2021

The notable developments in renewable energy facilities and resources help reduce the cost of production and increase production capacity. Therefore, developers in renewable energy evaluate the overall performance of the various equipment, methods, and structure and then determine the optimal variables for the design of energy production systems. Variables include equipment characteristics and quality, geographical location, and climatic variables such as solar irradiance, temperature, humidity, dust, etc. This paper investigated and reviewed the current big data methods and tools in solar energy production. It discusses the comprehensive two-stage design and evaluation for examining the optimal structure for renewable energy systems. In the design stage, technical and economic aspects are discussed based on a robust analysis of all input/output variables for determining the highest performance. Next, assess and evaluate the effectiveness of each method under different circumstances conditions. Then convert each qualitative indicator into a quantitative measure using extensive data analysis methods to determine the overall performance of the various qualitative variables. The paper also provides an in-depth analysis of the mathematical techniques used in measuring the efficiency of the renewable energy production system and discussing future axes of work in the field of specific energy.
Blended Learning Through an Interactive Mobile Application for Teaching Autistic Kindergarten Students
Authors: Yousif Mohammed
Published: August 2021

The mobile applications industry has had significant growth in the last few years. Mobile phones are everywhere since we use them in every part of our daily lives for entertainment, communication and other various uses. Unfortunately, there was also a substantial increase the number of autism cases in kids around the world, which has prompted for a dire need of a therapy method that is cheap, reliable and accessible for everyone who needs it. Researchers have tried several methods, like robotics and virtual reality, to help in the therapy of autistic children. While their results were promising, these technologies are still out of reach of most users due to their high cost. Mobile phones, however, are much more accessible since everyone has one, and they have a wide array of useful gadgets that can be used in making the therapy sessions more engaging and fun such as cameras, accelerometers, speakers, microphones and others. This project aims to design and implement an interactive learning environment based on a mobile application for teaching kids with special needs.
IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON TOURISM IN GEORGIA-AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Kvirkvelia Nana , Tsitsagi Mariam
Published: August 2021

Coronavirus has posed a great challenge to the whole world, including Georgia. The restrictions have taken a heavy toll on the tourism industry worldwide. It has been clear since the spring of the current year that the mass recovery of international tourism will not be possible by 2020. Consequently, the necessity has led to changes, especially in the direction of domestic tourism. Countries apply different strategies. This review article is based on the results of a mini-survey and data from the National Statistics Office. It is analyzed what impact COVID-19 had on local tourism in Georgia, what is the public mood, which places were visited, where did the epidemic break out after the restrictions were lifted, what are the statistics of international tourists in Georgia, etc. Besides, tourism support measures developed around the world are discussed.
SOSIALISASI DAN SHARING SESSION DOKUMENTASI AUDIO VISUAL SEBAGAI METODE ETNOGRAFI PADA MAHASISWA JURUSAN TRADISI LISAN, FIB UNIVERSITAS HALU OLEO
Authors: Saputri Shinta Arjunita , Kamil Sitti Utami Rezkiawati , Lestari Dian Trianita , Tunda Amin
Published: August 2021

Program pengabdian kepada masyarakat, berupa sosialisasi dan sharing session dokumentasi audio visual sebagai metode etnografi pada mahasiswa jurusan Tradisi Lisan, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Halu Oleo yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman mahasiswa akan pentingnya penguasaan teknologi dokumentasi video sebagai bagian dari metode etnografi di era industri 4.0 dan mendorong tercapainya misi Jurusan Tradisi Lisan dalam hal penguasaan IPTEKS bagi mahasiswa. Program pengabdian ini dilakukan mengingat masih kurangnya jumlah dan kualitas dokumentasi audio visual (video) pada tugas akhir mahasiswa. Melalui kegiatan inisiasi berupa sosialisasi dan sharing session dokumentasi audio visual sebagai metode etnografi bagi mahasiswa Tradisi Lisan ini, tim program pengabdian melakukan transfer ilmu ke mahasiswa melalui video conference zoom meeting. Hasil pelaksanaan pengabdian menunjukkan pengetahuan mahasiswa yang kurang dari yang diharapkan mengenai dokumentasi audio visual namun disaat yang sama menunjukkan minat untuk mengetahui lebih dalam mengenai teori dan praktik dokumentasi audio visual. Melalui kegiatan daring ini, yang diproyeksikan sebagai kegiatan inisiasi, diharapkan dapat menjadi tahap awal dalam penyelesaikan permasalahan yang dialami oleh mahasiswa Jurusan Tradisi Lisan.
Peningkatan Kualitas Penelitian Dosen, Guru, dan Mahasiswa melalui Webinar Metodologi Penelitian Pendidikan
Authors: Syarifuddin Syarifuddin , Basri Hasan , Aminah Neneng , Zayyadi Moh. , Hadi Arnasari Merdekawati , Murtalib Murtalib , Saifullah Saifullah , Sartika Dewi , Silviana Dewi , Andang Andang , Mulyadin Edi , Gunawan Gunawan , Wirahmad Ika , Mikrayanti Mikrayanti , Muchlis Muchlis , Mutmainah Mutmainah , Baeti Nur , Sriaryaningsyih Sriaryaningsyih , Sowanto Sowanto , Arafat Yasser , Dusalan Dusalan
Published: August 2021

Implementasi dari Tridharma perguruan tinggi bagi dosen dan mahasiswa adalah melaksanakan penelitian sesuai bidang keilmuan yang ditekuni. Bagi dosen, diwajibkan menghasilkan penelitian dan publikasi sebagai syarat dalam kenaikan jabatan fungsional maupun kenaikan pangkat/golongan. Sedangkan bagi mahasiswa, penelitian adalah menjadi syarat akhir dalam proses menyelesaikan perkuliahan yaitu dengan menghasilkan penelitian skripsi. Untuk menunjang implementasi penelitian tersebut, baik secara teori maupun mekanisme penelitian dilapangan, mahasiswa dan dosen perlu mendalami dan mendapatkan penguatan dalam hal metodologi penelitian. Secara umum, metodologi penelitian sudah pernah diperoleh di ruang kuliah, akan tetapi sebagai bentuk penyegaran keilmuan maka perlu mengikuti kegiatan-kegiatan pengembangan diri di bidang penelitian. Kegiatan webinar metodologi penelitian pendidikan ini memberikan penguatan dan penyegaran kembali tentang metodologi dan perkembangannya terkini sebagai penunjang dalam perencanaan dan pelaksanaan penelitian dilapangan. Tindak lanjut dari kegiatan ini adalah memberikan bimbingan dan pendampingan kepada dosen, guru, dan mahasiswa, terutama yang berada dilingkup program studi pendidikan matematika STKIP Bima, Universitas Madura, dan Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati dalam penelitian skripsi maupun penelitian dosen.
Peduli Bencana Banjir dan Sosialisasi Pencegahan Penularan Covid 19 kepada Masyarakat Terdampak Banjir di Desa Antasan Sutun Kecamatan Martapura Barat Kabupaten Banjar
Authors: Jamilah Jamilah , Priono Mochamad , Jumriadi Jumriadi , Aisyah St. , Amani Mukhyar
Published: August 2021

Banjir yang melanda Kalimantan Selatan di bulan Januari menyebabkan banyaknya korban jiwa dan rusaknya sarana prasarana terutama di Kabupaten Banjar yang rusak parah. Penanggulangan banjir dilaksanakan secara bertahap dari dari pencegahan sebelum banjir, penanganan saat banjir, dan pemulihan saat banjit. Tahapan tersebut berada dalam suatu siklus kegiatan penanggulangan banjir yang berkesinambungan. Solusi yang dapat dilakukan adalah tidak hanya mengharapkan dari pemerintah saja, tetapi partisipasi dari masyarakat dan stakeholder yang harus saling bersinergi untuk mencegah datangnya banjir seperti tahun ini. Sasaran dalam kegiatan ini yaitu warga di Martapura Kabupaten Banjar dengan memberikan paket sembako dan penyuluhan pencegahan covid-19 yang sekarang masih melanda Indonesia.
Penerapan Metode Certainty Factor untuk Mendiagnosa Penyakit THT
Authors: Kristian Siregar  , Paska Marto Hasugian
Published: August 2021

Expert system is a system that seeks to adopt human knowledge into computers, so that computers can solve problems like experts do. ENT (ears, nose, and throat) are organs that are closely interconnected. Abnormalities in these organs are diagnosed and treated by a specialist doctor. One of the functions of these organs such as the ear. The ear is an organ for hearing and balance consisting of the outer ear, middle ear and inner ear. The function of the nose, the nose is the olfactory organ and the main way in and out of air, the nose also provides additional sound resonance and is a place for paranasal sinuses and tear ducts. While the function of the throat is a muscular duct where the food goes to the esophagus and where the air travels to the lungs. In this study, an expert system was built to detect and be equipped with a certainty value of the diagnosis. The certainty value is obtained using the Certainty Factor (CF) method.
Perancangan Sistem Pelayanan Informasi Berbasis Android dengan Algoritma Nazief Andriani (Studi Kasus : Universitas Katolik Santo Thomas)
Authors: Ita Juwita Saragih  , Zakarias Situmorang
Published: August 2021

Service is an effort to help prepare what others need. Or it can be interpreted that service is a series of activities or processes that fulfill the needs of others more satisfactorily. To simplify the services available at the Catholic University of Santo Thomas, it is necessary to build an android-based information service system with Nazief Andriani algorithm. This algorithm is able to find the basic words of each input so that it can produce a separate output or in other words the output issued right on target or on purpose. With this system, students no longer need to come to the administrative unit or via chat to get information about activities or complaints that are received or what they want to convey. So that this system is expected to make it easier for users to get accurate, efficient information and does not require a relatively long time, causing slow, limited and unresponsive service in providing answers.
Perancangan Aplikasi Media Informasi Lembaga Kursus Berbasis Web
Authors: Muhammad Iqbal Panjaitan  , Zekson Arizona Matondang
Published: August 2021

Abstract-Website can be interpreted as a collection of pages that are used to publish information in the form of text, images and other multimedia programs in the form of animation (motion pictures, motion writings), sound, and or a combination of all of them both static and dynamic that form one a series of interrelated buildings between one page and another page. In this paper the design of applications that can be used as part of the dissemination of information to course institutions to increase the introduction of these agencies, to the design through the DFD design, database relation design and form design will be used as a reference in making websites.
Identifikasi Kesegaran Ikan Nila menggunakan Teknik Citra Digital
Authors: Juli Elprida Hutagalung  , Mhd Ihsan Pohan  , Yuli Happy Marpaung
Published: August 2021

Fish contain many nutrients that are very beneficial for the body, but often fish are traded in a state of death as well as being alive. To observe the freshness of tilapia is done by the introduction of color changes that appear on digital images using the least squares method. The purpose of this research is to build an image management application system to detect the freshness of tilapia. The data used are 10 samples of tilapia images which are photographed every 1 hour for 15 hours and obtained 150 image data and then processed and analyzed using the least squares method. The first process begins with image processing by cropping at the edge of the eye of the original image and then proceed with resizing to 1000 x 1000 pixels and changing the image format to *. Png. After the image has been processed then the average value is calculated rata grayscale uses the 'rata_rata Gambar' application system and an equation is stored which is stored as training data on the application system. After the image has been processed then the image is input into the system, the image will be converted into grayscale form and displayed at a predetermined place together with the rgb and grayscale histograms and then calculated using the least squares method. The last process we do is matching the test image with the image stored as training data and we conclude whether the image is (very fresh, fresh, fresh enough, not fresh, or very not fresh), the percentage of freshness of the anchor fish, and the length of time the anchor fish dies. This study used 150 samples of fish images from fresh fish that were still very fresh until the fish were not very fresh (rotten).
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Statistika Berbasis Multimedia
Authors: Devi Silvia Panjaitan
Published: August 2021

In this era of rapid technological development, the use of technology in various aspects is greatly enhanced. It is also inseparable in the world of education which must adapt itself to technology and bridge the technology and education world by implementing technology-based systems. Among them can be applied using multimedia-based learning media. The role of instructional media in the teaching and learning process is very important to be carried out by educators today, because the role of instructional media can be used to channel the sender's message to the recipient and through learning media and can also help students to explain something conveyed by the educator. Therefore, educators must be able to present good learning media for students in the current era.
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Penyeleksian Colour Guard Pada Marching Band Ginada Dengan Menggunakan Metode Vikor Dan Borda
Authors: Nurjannah  , Dito Putro Utomo
Published: August 2021

Decision support system for selecting color guard with VIKOR and Borda methods. It has been made as a tool to select color guard at the Sei Rampah High School. The criteria used in the decision support system for color guard selection are: height, weight, agility, stamina, and body language. Color guard selection activities are a routine activity every year, so GINADA marching band coach Sei Rampah hereby selects to select permanent members in the marching band. Decision Support System in an organization can be seen as important in supporting the smooth running of activities and achieving an organizational goal. SPK can come in various forms, ranging from simple forms of data processing to complex application forms, and can also be used to accelerate and improve the quality of the decision-making process in the organization.
Aplikasi Penyandian Record Menggunakan Metode Twofish
Authors: Asmawi
Published: August 2021

Technological developments are increasingly progressing, for example for data security. Data security is very important in maintaining the confidentiality of information, especially sensitive information, which only authorized parties can know, moreover data storage is done on a computer, if the data is not secured in advance then the data will be known by the parties who are entitled to it. is not entitled to the security of data on the record, the data on the computer is not easily seen and cannot be changed by irresponsible parties so that the data will be safe and cannot be contested by any party One of the data safeguards is by using a cryptographic system, which is the encryption of the contents of the information (plaintext) into incomprehensible content through an encryption process (encoding) and to retrieve the original information, a description process (deschiper) is carried out accompanied by using the correct key. Data encryption or cryptography is the study of hiding letters or writings so that they cannot be read by unauthorized people. Cryptography has been used since the time of Julius Caesar, who sent messages to the commander but did not have a courier to carry the message. Cryptography has 2 (two) important parts, namely encryption and description. Encryption is the process of encrypting the original message into a message that cannot be interpreted as the original. Description is to change a message that has been interpreted to be the original message, usually called plaintext, while the message that has been interpreted is called ciphertext.
Perancangan Perangkat Lunak Pembelajaran Mikroprosesor Dengan Menggunakan Metode Computer Assisted Instruction
Authors: Berto Nadeak  , Sony Bahagia Sinaga
Published: August 2021

The microprocessor that became the machine for the IBM PC / XT microcomputers and their compatible. This processor is often referred to as simply "8088" or "8086". Although the hardware of the 8088 is slightly different from the 8086, they can be viewed as the same from a programming perspective. The Intel 8088/8086 is a 16 bit processor, meaning that the data path and registers are 16 bits in size. The addressing mode is divided into several types, among others, register addressing, immediate addressing, direct addressing and indirect addressing. In addition, in learning Assembly language, we must memorize all registers and understand their use. Computer Aided Instruction (CAI) is a variety of information in the way of learning. Computers as a medium will help students find new things that are more interesting than conventional teacher-centered ways. Although it is known that the ways of learning and teaching, as well as the acquisition of learning information for each individual are different.
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Lembaga Bimbingan Belajar Berdasarkan Pendapatan Orang Tua dengan Metode Simple Additive Weighting
Authors: Fitri Yanti  , Tonni Limbong
Published: August 2021

Tutoring institutions are non-formal institutions engaged in the world of education. the number of tutoring institutions that have sprung up nowadays, making competition increasingly fierce causing parents to be selective in choosing however. This is what sometimes makes parents confused about choosing a tutoring institution that suits their income, causing breakups in the middle of the road because they are not in accordance with their income. In a decision support system, the application of a method that can be used as a reference for problem solving must be carried out. In this case, the method used is the Simple Additive Weighting Method (SAW) which is one of the methods used in problem solving in Fuzzy Multiple Attribute Decision Making (FMADM).
Penerapan Metode Analitycal Hierarchy Process (AHP) dalam Menentukan Judul Skripsi
Authors: Joko Syahputra  , Alex Rikki
Published: August 2021

Thesis is a requirement to obtain undergraduate status (S1) in every university in Indonesia. The term thesis as an undergraduate final project is only used in Indonesia. To complete the thesis, students are required to apply what they learn into an application or application in certain fields, both learning and in the form of computer applications. Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is a general theory of measurement used for scale ratios, both from discrete and continuous pairwise comparisons. Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) can simplify complex and unstructured, strategic and dynamic problems into its parts, and make variables in a hierarchy (level) the Analytical hierarchical process (AHP) method has the ability to solve multi-objective problems based on comparisons preferences of each element and hierarchy.
The Influence of Organizational Silence on Job Burnout: A Practical Study on Shipping Companies in Jordan
Authors: Haraisa Yazan Emnawer Al
Published: August 2021

The current research aims to identify the influence of organizational silence on job burnout in the shipping companies in Jordan. Therefore, the research population consists of (570) managers, their assistants, and heads of departments in the shipping companies in Jordan .whereas, the research sample consists of (230) employees. The Questionnaires were collected from 207respondents and formed 90% as a response rate. In addition, the current research used a simple random sample to collect data from respondents. Furthermore, the current research used the Partial Least Square (PLS) technique to test the research hypotheses. The results of the current research reached that the dimensions of organizational silence have a positive impact on job burnout. While the most important recommendation that the shipping companies should adopt the policies and cultures to reduce the job burnout phenomenon by encouraging the employees to speak without any limitations.
Loan Officer and the Evolution of Bank-SMEs Relationship in Tunisia
Authors: Fhima Fredj , Trabelsi Walid
Published: August 2021

This paper empirically investigates the role of the loan officer in the evolution of the bank-SMEs relationship and its motivation for studying credit demand, its level of alignment to the hierarchy and its participation in the decision-making process. Based on a survey of 160 loan officers from two large Tunisian commercial banks: the ‘Société Tunisienne de Banque’ (STB) – as a public bank, and the ‘Banque Internationale Arabe de Tunisie’ (BIAT) – as a private bank, data analysis shows that self-esteem, need for success, autonomy in performing duties, and participation in the decision-making process are motivating factors at work for loan officers at both banks. The number of visits to the premises of the SME and the average length of interviews with its manager are considered important for the acquisition of soft information. Regarding the decision-making power, while a certain delegation has been instituted at the regional level in the BIAT, it is more the responsibility of the central committees in the STB. The decision of evolution depends more on the hierarchical superiors in a private bank that is why the BIAT officers are closer to their superiors than those of the STB.
Effectiveness of Sublingual Buprenorphine and Fentanyl Pump in Controlling Pain After Open Cholecystectomy
Authors: Norozi Vadood , Ghazi Ahmad , Amani Firouz , Bakhshpoori Parya
Published: August 2021

Background: The proper management of postoperative pain improves patients’ quality of life, accelerates early postoperative recovery, shortens hospitalization period, and reduces medical costs. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of intravenous fentanyl pump and sublingual buprenorphine tablet in controlling pain after open cholecystectomy. Objectives: Evaluating the effectiveness of sublingual buprenorphine in reducing postoperative pain and complications after open cholecystectomy. Methods: This study was a double-blind, randomized clinical trial. The study population encompassed those candidates undergoing open cholecystectomy, patients with ASA class I and II, individuals undergoing no other concomitant surgery, and patients in the age range of 20 - 50 years. The first group received sublingual buprenorphine 6, 12, and 18 hours after the first administration. The second group received fentanyl as patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) for 24 hours. Then nausea, vomiting, sedation, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores were evaluated at the beginning, 2, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours after surgery. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20. Results: The mean age of the patients in the buprenorphine and fentanyl groups were 44.8 ± 5.5 and 42.8 ± 7.1 years, respectively. In this study, 22.5% of the patients in the buprenorphine group and 35.5% of the patients in the fentanyl group were male. During 6 and 24 hours after surgery, the pain level regarding the VAS scores was significantly lower in the buprenorphine group than in the fentanyl group; however, analgesic consumption was higher in the fentanyl group. In the early hours after surgery (2 and 6 hours), nausea and vomiting were lower in the buprenorphine group than in the fentanyl group even though the difference was not significant. Conclusions: This study suggests buprenorphine as an effective drug for patients to reduce postoperative pain because of its limited complications, inexpensiveness, and more convenient administration method.
Exclusive Breast Feeding and Its Determinants in Infants Born in Zanjan Hospitals: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Hadi Fariba , Eftkhar Hasan , Djazayery Abolghassem , Mazloomzadeh Saeideh
Published: August 2021

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), especially during the first six months of life, is one of the primary health indicators in infants. Objectives: The present study intended to describe the frequency of EBF in infants and its determinants until six months after birth. Methods: This longitudinal study was conducted on 673 mother-newborn pairs visiting obstetrics and gynecology departments of two main hospitals in Zanjan. Information on the frequency of EBF up to six months, socio-demographic and reproductive information, and attitudes of mothers towards breastfeeding was gathered using questionnaires. Data were analyzed using chi-square test and logistic regression in SPSS. Results: The proportion of neonates who were receiving EBF at discharge was 95.7%. The EBF proportions in the second week, the first, fourth, and sixth months were 95%, 88.1%, 80.7%, and 77.3%, respectively. The multivariate analysis of data indicated that living in urban areas (P = 0.02), lower education of mothers (P = 0.008), having more than three years of birth interval (P = 0.006), no experience of breastfeeding in mothers (P = 0.01), no prior decision for breastfeeding in mothers (P < 0.0001), and use of artificial nipples (P = < 0.0001) were independently associated with non-EBF. Conclusions: In this study, despite a high proportion of EBF at discharge, we found that the proportion of EBF reduced during six months. The determinants of non-EBF at six months, including urban and less educated mothers, highlight a need to promote awareness regarding EBF and perform interventions for women at a greater risk for early breastfeeding cessation.
Binocular Optic Neuritis in an Eight-Year-Old Boy Due to COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Eslamiyeh Hosein , Jafari Marjan
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Optic neuritis or inflammation of the optic nerve is a frequent cause of acute optic nerve damage in children and adults. Optic neuritis can occur in association with some viruses, such as influenza and mumps viruses. At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus, known as COVID-19, spread throughout the world. Coronavirus is known to cause optic neuritis in animal models, and several adult cases have been reported up to now, as well. However, to date, no case of optic neuritis has been reported in children with COVID-19. Case Presentation: The patient was an eight-year-old boy referred to our center, complaining of sudden bilateral and progressive blurring of vision with right-eye preference. He had a history of severe headache for three days in the previous two weeks and slight mood disturbance. On physical examination, bilateral disk swelling and significant loss of vision were detected in his both eyes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed bilateral maxillary sinus thickening with mild optic nerves enlargement with slightly hyperintense T2 and mild post-contrast enhancement. No pathologic finding was seen in the brain, and cerebrospinal fluid and other immunologic tests were normal. Due to the patient’s history of headache and outbreak of COVID-19, a nasopharyngeal reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test for COVID-19 was requested, and a positive result was obtained, confirming the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. The optic neuritis was treated with pulsed methylprednisolone and the patients’ vision improved. Conclusions: In this article, we reported an eight-year-old child with optic neuritis and headache in the context of COVID-19. No case of optic neuritis has been reported in children with COVID-19.
The Potential Applicability of Single-Domain Antibodies (VHH): From Checkpoint Blockade to Infectious Disease Therapy
Authors: Safarzadeh Kozani Pouya , Safarzadeh Kozani Pooria , Rahbarizadeh Fatemeh
Published: August 2021

: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have demonstrated promising clinical efficacy in various therapeutic fields over the past decades. However, their size has emerged as the most restricting factor limiting their application in antibody-drug conjugate platforms or antibody-redirected delivery systems. This limitation was mainly due to the inability of these platforms to penetrate the tumor site and reach their intended destination. Single-domain antibodies, also known as VHHs or nanobodies®, are known as promising alternatives capable of addressing the drawbacks of conventional full-sized antibodies. Alongside a great level of affinity and selectivity towards their target, the small size of nanobodies, which is about 15 kDa, their capability for tissue penetrance, the significant level of stability, their simple and cost-friendly manufacturing process, and fleeting half-life in the circulation system, are all among the reasons that have made them suitable candidates for the development of various types of therapies. In this review, we briefly discuss the application of nanobodies in checkpoint blockade therapy and nanobody-drug conjugate platforms. We also discuss nanobody-assisted redirection of various types of delivery systems carrying different types of cargoes. In the last section, we underline the promising and effective application of nanobodies in the fight against infectious diseases.
Overview of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Its Potential Reactions
Authors: Mortaz Esmaeil , K. Dezfuli Neda
Published: August 2021

Context: The immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in COVID-19 is not well described yet, especially regarding dysregulation of the immune system. In this mini-review, current knowledge about the SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 disease is described. We also discuss possible induced reactions against SARS-COV-2. Evidence Acquisition: Based on the authors' experience and knowledge, the current review aimed to, firstly, discuss and overview SRAS-CoV-2 infection and reactions in the body, and, secondly, to obtain related subjects from the PubMed database. Results and Conclusion: In most COVID-19 patients, uncontrollable cytokines secretion and mediators are major key points in the pathogenesis of the disease. Of all cytokines and mediators, serum levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, and soluble TNF-α receptor (sTNFR) have been reported. Lymphopenia and hypoxia, as well as the severity of the disease, can be considered as COVID-19 manifestations. High levels of intracellular NO inside of the red blood cells (RBCs) of patients drive the unexpected silent hypoxia phenotype induced ARDS importantly related to the patient's immune system dysfunction.
Alteration in Lactate Production and Decrease in MTT Dye Reduction in Serum-starved Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs)
Authors: Mehri Maryam , Saeedi Fatemeh , Porbagher Roghayeh , Mastafazadeh Amrollah
Published: August 2021

Background: Immunometabolism targeting therapy of auto-inflammatory diseases is an emerging strategy compared to immune system global suppression. However, our knowledge in this field needs promotion. Objectives: We examined the effects of serum starvation stress on metabolic activity in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Methods: Fresh immune cells were isolated from four healthy adult volunteers and cultivated with or without fetal bovine serum (FBS) at various time points under standard conditions. Glucose and intra- and extracellular lactate levels were assessed using routine techniques, and 3-(4, 5 -dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay was used to determine mitochondrial function. Results: Spindle shape macrophage-like cells, which appeared early, were replaced at 96 h by large round monocytes/macrophage-like cells, with more frequency in the non-starved group. Interestingly, serum starvation dictated a status, especially in monocyte/macrophage-like cells, that led to prolong decrement in mitochondrial dehydrogenase-mediated reduction of MTT. This difference was confirmed with the MTT assay quantitatively (P < 0.05). Moreover, the intra- and extracellular lactate concentrations were lower in starved cells than in non-starved controls (P < 0.05), and glucose levels were higher in 72 h starved cell culture supernatants than in non-starved control cells (P < 0.05). Conclusions: This study showed that under serum starvation-induced metabolic stress, lactate production is altered in immune cells, and total oxidative mitochondrial activity is reduced in macrophage-like cells. These findings open a new window to target immune cell metabolism for the treatment of autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Impact of Berberine on the Expression of Apollon Gene in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Ghanizade Niloofar , Hemati Maral , Jaafarinejad Habib , Pashaei Mehrnoosh , Kokhaei Parviz
Published: August 2021

Background: The incidence of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) resulting from the clonal accumulation of apoptosis-resistant malignant B lymphocytes is growing in the adult population of Iran. Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are considered as factors that can delay the onset of CLL cell apoptosis. Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Cotridis rhizoma that exhibits anti-tumor activities through various mechanisms. Objectives: In this study, we investigated the impact of berberine on the level of Apollon expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 12 cases newly diagnosed with CLL and 6 healthy donors. Methods: At first, the level of Apollon expression was assessed in PBMCs of CLL patients compared to the healthy donors. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium with 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin for 48 hours, and the effect of berberine (25 µM) on the level of Apollon expression in CLL patients was assessed and compared to that of healthy donors. Results: We found that the expression level of Apollon was not significantly different between CLL patients and healthy donors (P = 0.640). Moreover, berberine induced no significant differences in Apollon expression as compared to the untreated (control) group (P = 0.545 and P = 0.267 in CLL patients and healthy donors, respectively). Conclusions: Overall, our results suggest that berberine has no direct effect on the expression of Apollon gene in CLL patients, and pro-apoptotic impacts of berberine may be exerted through other mechanisms.
Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs) Approved for Cancer Treatment in the 2020s
Authors: Safarzadeh Kozani Pouya , Naseri Abdolhossein , Safarzadeh Kozani Pooria , Khatami Sanaz , Sheikhi Abdolkarim
Published: August 2021

: Monoclonal antibodies are one of the most eminent types of immunotherapeutics that have taken over the biopharmaceutical market because they are approved for a wide range of cancers, either blood-based malignancies or solid tumors, and also non-cancer indications, from migraine to viral infections. Due to their wide applicability as immunotherapeutics, countless biopharmaceutical companies try to be in the competition by developing monoclonal antibodies and advancing into clinical trials with them. Since the approval of the first monoclonal antibodies, the speed of their discovery and approval for medical use have been rather incremental, so that the progress of this market has been anticipated to increase in the current decade. Herein, we take a look at some of the monoclonal antibodies, which have been approved for clinical use in the current decade, so far. Moreover, we underline the encouraging results from the clinical trials that led to the approval of these immunotherapeutics.
Prerequisites for the creation of Visegrád Group in the context of international political and economic situation in Europe
Authors: Peshkin Vitalii Mikhailovich
Published: August 2021

The subject of this research is the historical conditions for the creation of Visegrád Group – subregional organization of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Poland. The collapse of the system of pro-communist regimes in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe allowed the local dissident circles to create the “ideological” framework for subregional organization, which is based on the idea of the Central European identity. In the late 1980s, the idea of subregional cooperation in the socialist camp won support of a number of Western European countries. However, the initiative on the development regional cooperation in Central and Eastern Europe was taken over by the United States. The United States prompted the decision of the G7 member-states on the transfer of the European Commission a coordinating role in assisting Poland and Hungary as the flagships for conducting political and economic liberalization in Central and Eastern Europe. The novelty of this research consists in the analysis of attempts of subregional cooperation outside the framework of the European Economic Community in the late 1980s. Attention is also given to the previously unstudied criticism of the process of accession of the countries of Visegrád Group to the European Economic Community. Critical assessments substantiated by ineffectiveness of the programs of assisting the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, as well as by posing threats to the stability of the European Economic Community member-states due to inclusion of the former socialist countries into the united Europe. The main conclusion lies in the statement that the collapse of the socialist camp at the turn of the 1980s – 1990s actualized the pursuit of identity in the new world by the Central and Eastern European countries. The oath of European integration was selected as a universal method for solution of this problem. However, regional cooperation remained a relevant question, since rapprochement with the Western Europe alone could not eliminate all the contradictions between the countries. The cooperation between Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia became the most successful example of such cooperation and served as the prototype for creation of other subregional structures.
Political and administrative support of the American Exhibition of 1959 in Moscow
Authors: Krasnoshchekov Nikita Alekseevich , Solov'ev Konstantin Anatol'evich
Published: August 2021

The topic of decision-making in the sphere of foreign policy propaganda and counter-propaganda in the USSR of the mid XX century is poorly studied within the Russian historiography. The object of this research is the administrative decision-making process by political and administrative authorities in the context of reversal of directions and development of the new techniques in the Soviet foreign policy. The subject of this research is the organization of work on counter-propaganda in the process of preparing and hosting the American Exhibition in Moscow in 1959. The goal consists in determination of specificity of administrative activity in the sphere of propaganda and counter-propaganda. The author set the following tasks: identification of the organizational-administrative forms of ideological activity on the organization of exhibition; determination of the algorithm for making administrative decisions in this sphere; description of the tasks solved by the administrative authorities at different stages of this process depending on the implemented techniques. Research methodology is based on the documentary analysis (informative and textological) using the materials from the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History. The main conclusion lies in revealing the specificity of decision-making at different stages conducting such activity. The first stage is the analysis of actions of the American side and the forecast of possible response of the Soviet citizens to the information acquired during exhibition. This resulted in the development of preliminary proposals on adopting the measures to reduce the propaganda effect of the exhibition. The second stage is the political decision-making on holding the counter-propaganda events, development and approval of the particular action plan at the session of the Municipal Committee of CPSU. This stages mars the establishment of the two blocks of measures were formed: distraction of the Soviet citizens from exhibition, and measures on reduction of the propaganda effect (counter-propaganda). The third stage indicates positive perception of the exhibition by the Soviet citizens, which did not fully resolved the set tasks, and thus, required additional measures that would give the appearance of the critical attitude of Soviet people towards the exhibition.
Inclusive security architecture in the Middle East: peculiarities of functioning and Prospects for expansion
Authors: Krylov Danila Sergeevich
Published: August 2021

This article explores the prerequisites for the creation and peculiarities of functioning of the inclusive security architecture in the Middle East. This system of ensuring and maintaining peace was established by Russia, and currently includes two cross-regional Middle Eastern powers – Turkey and Iran. The author analyzes the potential of involving new actors — Saudi Arabia and Israel – into the functioning of the security architecture. The article employs the method of SWOT-analysis for determining the advantages and disadvantaged of the inclusive security architecture in the Middle East, as well as outlining the major threats and capabilities of the system. The novelty of this research lies in giving definition to the concept of “inclusive security architecture”; assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the inclusive security architecture created by Russia in the Middle East; outlining the major threats and vulnerabilities of the system, as well as the potential attraction of new actors therein. The author also highlights the peculiarities of the key five pairs of conflict relations in the Middle East (Saudi Arabia — Iran, Saudi Arabia – Turkey, Saudi Arabia – Israel, Israel – Iran, and Israel – Turkey), the nature of which Russia should take into account within the framework of long-term planning. The conclusion is made that in the future, the inclusive security architecture may become one of the key pillars of peace and security in the Middle East, and gradually mitigate the conflicts in this region.
Effect of Workplace Spirituality on Perceived Organizational Support and Job Performance among University Administrative Employees
Authors: Nwanzu Chiyem Lucky , Babalola Sunday Samson
Published: August 2021

The need to fully exploit human resources for competitive advantage has brought spirituality into the work setting. The study set to examine the predictive relationship workplace spirituality has with perceived organizational support and job performance. The assessment is premised on Rego and Cunha's five-workplace spirituality dimension model. This study adopted a correlational design with a self-administered questionnaire of 118 university administrative employees at a university. The research hypotheses were tested with regression analysis. Results show that composite workplace spirituality correlates positively and significantly with perceived organizational support and job performance. However, only a few of the dimensions show positive and significant results. This study shows that enhancing workplace spirituality improves employees perceived organizational support and job performance. Therefore, it is recommended that human resource management practitioners recognize the influence of workplace spirituality in the effective functioning of the organization.