bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A ocorrência de estresse em policiais militares do 20º Batalhão de Polícia Militar de Concórdia - Santa Catarina
Authors: Spuldaro Josiane Carine , Nesi Tainara Cristina
Published: February 2019

O presente estudo procurou avaliar a ocorrência de estresse entre os Policiais Militares do 20º Batalhão de Policia Militar de Concórdia – Santa Catarina. Para tanto, a pesquisa realizada foi de cunho quantitativo e envolveu vinte e quatro Policiais Militares do 20º Batalhão de Policia Militar de Concórdia – Santa Catarina.  A coleta de dados foi realizada através de um teste Psicológico o Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos – ISSL. Os resultados refletem que 87% dos Policiais Militares apresentaram Estresse e 13% não apresentaram. Entre esses profissionais, 90% se encontram na fase de Resistência, seguida de 5% na fase de Quase-Exaustão, 5% na fase de Exaustão e 0% ou seja, não foi pontuada a fase de Alerta. Dos sujeitos que apresentaram estresse 50% sofrem com sintomas Psicológicos do estresse, 36% apresentam sintomas físicos e 14% sofrem de ambos os sintomas, físicos e psicológicos. Sobre os sintomas Psicológicos 26% dos Policias Militares sofrem com Irritabilidade excessiva; 23% Pensam/Falam constantemente em um só assunto; 19% apresentam Apatia, Depressão ou Raiva; 19% sofrem de Ansiedade e Angústia e 13% têm Perda do Senso de Humor. Em relação aos sintomas Físicos, 23% dos Policiais Militares sofrem com Tensão Muscular, 21% apresentam Cansaço Constante, 20% têm Problemas com a Memória, 19% apresentam Tiques e 17% sofrem com Insônia. Estes resultados refletem que a atividade militar se insere em um contexto de vulnerabilidade. Assim, tornam-se fundamentais propostas de intervenção que favoreçam as estratégias de enfrentamento.
Prevalência dos acidentes por Tityus Costatus e Loxosceles sp no município de Rio Negrinho/SC e ações profiláticas adotadas pela população
Authors: Junkes Camila H.G. , Mazon Luciana Maria
Published: February 2019

Os acidentes por animais peçonhentos ocorrem no país durante todo o ano, tendo um aumento no número de casos no período de chuvas e altas temperaturas. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar a prevalência dos acidentes pelas espécies Loxoceles e Tityus costatus no município de Rio Negrinho/ SC, assim como identificar as medidas profiláticas adotadas por esta população. O estudo ocorreu em duas etapas. Inicialmente foi realizada pesquisa documental em banco de dados online (DATASUS), para determinar o número de acidentes por Tityus costatus (CID 10- T63.2) e Loxosceles (CID 10- T 63.3) no município de Rio Negrinho/ SC no período de 2009 a 2011, assim como as áreas com maior número de animais encontrados e acidentes registrados. Posteriormente se realizou pesquisa de campo com investigação in loco, de cunho quantitativo, utilizando instrumento semiestruturado, o qual foi aplicado aos munícipes, para determinar as ações adotadas para a profilaxia dos acidentes por Tityus costatus e Loxosceles. A amostra foi aleatória, sendo adotado como amostra representativa 70 sujeitos. O estudo revelou que que a prevalência dos acidentes por Loxosceles superam aqueles por Tityus costatus no município de Rio Negrinho e em Santa Catarina. A população julga reconhecer os animais peçonhentos, no entanto possuem dificuldade em apontar de forma correta as medidas profilática adequadas para impedir os acidentes. Os dado apresentados pelo estudo são relevantes por levantarem novas questões e hipóteses, as quais poderão servir como base para futuros estudos, que possam contribuir para as ações de vigilância em saúde
Correlação entre rendimento e geração de resíduos sólidos na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo
Authors: Franca Fabiana Patrícia de Oliveira , Leis Fernanda Segantin , Boro Ivete , Importa Roseane Fernandes , Azevedo Sandra Aparecida da Silva , Carvalho Tatiana Dias , Abreu Luiz Carlos , Adami Fernando , Alvarenga Rogério , Habermann Mateus , Silva Odair Ramos , Fonseca Fernando Luiz Affonso
Published: February 2019

INTRODUÇÃO: Considerando a discussão da gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) ao longo dos anos faz-se necessário um aprofundamento dos fatores que interferem no volume de lixo gerado pelos municípios, possibilitando um planejamento de seu descarte. OBJETIVO: avaliar a relação entre o volume de resíduos gerados e a renda dos moradores da região metropolitana de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Foram obtidos dados de quantidade de RSU/habitante/dia e a renda per capita de 05 municípios do ABC Paulista, para o ano de 2009. A relação entre estas variáveis foi avaliada pelo teste de correlação de Pearson. RESULTADOS: Foi observada uma correlação positiva (r=0,67) e estatisticamente significante (p=0,003) entre o aumento do nível socioeconômico com a geração de massa RSU coletada. DISCUSSÃO: A correlação entre o volume de RSU e renda per capita reforça a necessidade de direcionar estudos sobre consumo e a geração de resíduos sólidos.
Um estudo exploratório sobre o Estresse nos Policiais Militares de uma Cidade Catarinense
Authors: Weber da Maia Pawlowytsch Pollyana , Batista Luciano Ribas , Batista Fernanda Cristina Neidert
Published: February 2019

Esteestudo derivou de uma pesquisa realizada com Policiais Militares de uma cidadedo Estado de Santa Catarina, buscou-se explorar a existência, as origens e asconsequências do estresse nestes profissionais. Para avaliar a presença deestresse nestes trabalhadores, foi utilizado o Inventário de Sintomas de Stressde Lipp (ISSL), o qual diagnosticou que 61,90% da amostra pesquisada possuíaestresse, sendo que destes policiais, 69,23% se encontravam na fase deresistência e 30,77% se encontravam na fase de quase exaustão. A predominânciados sintomas foi psicológica, porém, também foram detectados sintomasfísicos.  Para identificar ascaracterísticas individuais e alguns aspectos relacionados com o trabalho foiaplicado um Questionário Sócio Demográfico elaborado pelo autor. Foramrelacionados os diagnósticos obtidos com a aplicação do inventário com os dadosobtidos no Questionário, visando identificar relações entre algumas variáveis eo estresse. Também foi realizada uma entrevista semiestruturada com os sujeitos,a qual gerou dados qualitativos para complementar o estudo. Todos os dadosforam analisados e discutidos com o objetivo de identificar quais os estímulosconsiderados estressores pelos Policiais Militares da amostra, as origensdestes estressores e suas consequências ao profissional, à sua família, àinstituição em que trabalham e à sociedade em que atuam.
A realidade e os desafios do enfermeiro na assistência a pessoa ostomizada
Authors: Mazon Luciana Maria , Piccini Elisangela
Published: February 2019

Objetivo: identificar a realidade e os desafios do enfermeiro inserido em um Serviço de Atenção a Pessoa Ostomizada. Método: Pesquisa exploratória, de campo e descritiva com abordagem qualitativa. Resultados: foi possível evidenciar que os enfermeiros vivenciam algumas conquistas dos ostomizados no campo da saúde pública, como o provimento de materiais e equipamentos de qualidade para o cuidado com o ostoma. No que se refere a assistência do enfermeiro, as ações desenvolvidas envolve a realização de ações educativas em saúde, visita domiciliar, cuidados com o ostoma e orientações gerais aos pacientes e familiares. Os principais desafios do enfermeiro se concentram na falta de estrutura física adequada e equipe multidisciplinar disponível. Conclusão: as dificuldades do enfermeiro na assistência a pessoa ostomizada são variadas, muitas delas que vão além da sua competência profissional. Apesar destas dificuldades, os enfermeiros demonstraram estar qualificados para assistência.
Memória do grupo de idosos Nossa Senhora de Lurdes
Authors: Ritter Jamila , Lunge Anelise Pieniz
Published: February 2019

Conhecer a história de um grupo de idosos nos faz pensar como será nosso futuro, faz nos refletir aonde podemos ajuda-lós também pode se perceber como é importante manter atividades físicas melhora nossa saúde e nossa memória. Tenho como principio verificar a qualidade de vida no que diz respeito aos relacionamentos do grupo de idosos Nossa Senhora de Lurdes, o qual está situado no Distrito de Tamanduá, Concórdia SC. Resgatar a história do grupo de idosos é manter viva as memórias de uma comunidade e de uma região, assim resgatando uma cultura que é levada de geração em geração. Percebeu-se que ao longo desta pesquisa que o grupo mantém forte as raízes na comunidade e seus integrantes sentem-se muito felizes em participar deles, aguardando com expectativa os dias de seus encontros. É nítido perceber o grau de satisfação deste grupo, tanto pelo grau de desenvolvimento de atividades físicas e mentais como o de convivência entre todos.
Percepção ambiental dos colaboradores sobre os resíduos no campus universitário de Mafra/SC
Authors: Wagner Alessandra , Heyse Halina Linzmeier
Published: February 2019

A preocupação com a preservação do meio ambiente tem sido um assunto bastante tratado nos últimos anos, principalmente pela grande produção de resíduos sólidos. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivos analisar o conhecimento dos colaboradores da Universidade do Contestado, Campus Mafra/SC, sobre os materiais recicláveis e os resíduos gerados no Campus. Além disso, foi verificada se a utilização das lixeiras está sendo realizada de forma correta conforme sua descrição e cor. A pesquisa foi realizada através de questionários aplicados aos colaboradores e verificação in loco das lixeiras. Os colaboradores apresentaram conhecimento sucinto em relação à reciclagem. Sabem o conceito e as cores relacionadas às lixeiras da coleta seletiva e quais são as categorias referentes a essas cores, entretanto os mesmos ainda confundem os materiais recicláveis e os que não podem ser reaproveitados. Após o levantamento dos dados foi possível ressaltar a importância de programas na área ambiental no ambiente universitário. Uma vez que os colaboradores adquirem conhecimento e ganham nova mentalidade sobre a preservação do meio ambiente, criam novas atitudes tornando-se agentes multiplicadores de boas práticas ambientais.
Avaliação microbiológica de queijos artesanais produzidos na cidade de Taió, Santa Catarina
Authors: Freitas Monica Paul
Published: February 2019

O queijo é um dos principais produtos derivados do leite, sendo um dos produtos mais consumidos pela população nos dias atuais. O queijo fresco de origem artesanal está cada vez mais presente em nosso dia-a-dia. Por ser de origem artesanal, este produto não recebe as avaliações necessárias na hora de seu processamento, com isso sua contaminação é mais facilitada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a avaliação microbiológica de duas amostras de queijos artesanais, produzidos em duas localidades do interior da cidade de Taió, SC - Brasil. Para tanto foi realizada a pesquisa de Coliformes Totais, Coliformes Termotolerantes, presença de Staphylococcus aureus e Salmonella spp. As amostras apresentaram-se contaminadas, onde obteve-se a presença de micro-organismos patógenos de forma que estes produtos passam a ser impróprios para o consumo humano.
Lauraceae em Parques Ecológicos de São Bento do Sul, SC
Authors: Bonetti Keila Alves do Prado
Published: February 2019

Os Parques Ecológicos são patrimônio público do município de São Bento do Sul, SC e do Serviço Autônomo Municipal de Água e Esgoto – SAMAE. Possuem Floresta Ombrófila Mista. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar as espécies de Lauraceae existentes nesses Parques e propiciar espaço para o desenvolvimento de ações voltadas à educação ambiental. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa as plantas foram escolhidas, coletados ramos e preparadas exsicatas; a identificação foi feita através das flores, frutos e folhas, seguindo chaves analíticas para a Família. As lauráceas são plantas arbóreas comuns na região, e no passado recente foram muito exploradas para atender à demanda da indústria moveleira, que é típica da região; com isso houve grande devastação da floresta nativa e diminuição da representação da Família. Foram identificadas 07 espécies de Lauraceae: Cinnamomum vesiculosum, Cryptocarya aschersoniana, Nectandra aschersoniana, Ocotea odorifera, O. porosa, O. puberula, Persea pyrifolia.
Diversidade e abundância da entomofauna em 3 estações do ano no Campus da Universidade do Contestado – UnC, Distrito de Marcílio Dias, Santa Catarina
Authors: Bordin Daliana , Sartor Vitor
Published: February 2019

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a estrutura da comunidade entomológica no Campus da Universidade do Contestado, distrito de Marcílio Dias em 3 estações do ano. Para tanto, foram utilizadas três armadilhas de interceptação de vôo, tipo Malaise. Foi coletado um total de 53.622 indivíduos, distribuídos em 21 ordens no período de fevereiro a setembro de 2014. A armadilha localizada no ponto 3 obteve as maiores frequências de captura (37,96%), seguida da armadilha 2 (31,07%) e 1 (30,97%). A estação de inverno foi a mais representativa em termos de número de indivíduos para as 3 armadilhas (n=23836), seguida de outono (n=15690) e verão (n=14096). No entanto, o maior número de indivíduos coletados no inverno é atribuído apenas a 3 ordens: Diptera, Collembola e Acari. As ordens de insetos que apresentaram constância em todos os meses de estudo foram Coleoptera e Diptera, sendo que esta última ordem apresentou também as maiores frequências nos três pontos de amostragem, com 66,12%, 42,76% e 62.5% nas armadilhas Malaise 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente. Estudos que foquem levantamentos da entomofauna na região são de suma importância, uma vez que há notável carência de trabalhos de cunho semelhante, inviabilizando, inclusive, a realização de maiores comparações através de bibliografias. Por este motivo, torna-se imprescindível um esforço maior no conhecimento da prevalência destes insetos, que muitas vezes são ignorados, apesar da importância que exercem na manutenção do equilíbrio ecológico.
Desenvolvimento de formas farmacêuticas semissólidas a partir de capim-limão (Cymbopogon citratus)
Authors: Silva Letícia de Pinho da , Reck Regina Tatiana , Fonseca Francisco Noé da
Published: February 2019

O capim-limão (Cymbopogon citratus, Poaceae) é uma planta herbácea com diversas propriedades medicinais, entre elas atividade antimicrobiana e antifúngica. Apesar do seu amplo uso etnofarmacológico, não há medicamentos fitoterápicos disponíveis, sendo sua utilização restrita a preparações caseiras (infusão). Logo, a presente pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar estabelecer as condições de obtenção da droga vegetal e do extrato, bem como, incorpora-lo em formulações para uso tópico. A droga vegetal foi obtida em sala com desumidificação após 3 dias de armazenamento. O processo extrativo foi investigado por meio de um planejamento fatorial tendo a relação droga:solvente e concentração de etanol no solvente extrator como variáveis. Foi observado que a proporção 1:15 (droga:solvente, m/v) e etanol a 20% resultou em extratos com maior resíduo seco. Após eliminação do etanol e concentração do extrato, foram preparadas formulações semissólidas (emulsão e gel). A emulsão testada não apresentou estabilidade (separação de fase) durante o preparo, enquanto o gel resultou em uma formulação de aspecto grumoso, mas com boa espalhabilidade na pele. Assim, observa-se a potencialidade do capim-limão no desenvolvimento de formulações antissépticas de uso tópico, contudo, estudos adicionais são necessários para obtenção de uma forma farmacêutica estável, segura e eficaz.
Resistência antimicrobiana de bactérias isoladas de amostras de animais atendidos em hospital veterinário
Authors: Kohl Tatiane , Pontarolo Giane Helenita , Pedrassani Daniela
Published: February 2019

Os antimicrobianos são amplamente utilizados na rotina das clínicas veterinárias, sendo o uso indiscriminado desses um dos fatores relacionados com o aumento da resistência bacteriana. Esse estudo teve como objetivo determinar o perfil de resistência de bactérias isoladas de amostras de animais atendidos em Hospital Veterinário Universitário. Foram avaliadas 168 amostras, das quais em 117 houve crescimento bacteriano proveniente de diversas afecções de 85 cães e 14 gatos, machos e fêmeas, atendidos entre fevereiro de 2012 a dezembro de 2014. Foi utilizado o método de disco-difusão e cálculo de múltipla resistência antimicrobiana (MAR) para avaliar a resistência aos antimicrobianos. Os agentes bacterianos mais encontrados foram Staphylococcus sp. 64,1% (n=75/117) e Escherichia coli 11,1% (n=13/117). Detectou-se múltipla resistência antimicrobiana em 60,9% (n=67/110) das cepas analisadas, com média de MAR de 0,35. Os antimicrobianos que as bactérias apresentaram maiores percentuais de resistência de todas as cepas foram a penicilina com 64,29% (n=18/28), a amoxicilina com 45,92% (n=45/98) e a ampicilina com 44,44% (n=32/72). Comparando as médias de MAR de 2012 para 2014 e de 2013 para 2014 das bactérias Gram positivas verificou-se uma diferença significativa (p ? 0,05). O alto índice de múltipla resistência observado comprova a necessidade do uso racional de antimicrobianos aliados aos testes de sensibilidade, educação continuada aos profissionais da saúde e educação da população sobre a sua utilidade.
Uso do LED na eficiência energética e na sustentabilidade da produção de aves
Authors: Santos Gustavo Ponzoni dos , Reis Junior Paulo , Reis Mari Aurora Favero
Published: February 2019

Ao minimizar os impactos das variações climáticas para a produção de aves, avanços tecnológicos possibilitaram a expansão no uso do sistema conhecido como dark house, com controle das variáveis, como temperatura, ventilação, pressão e iluminação, em prol do bem-estar animal e do aumento da produtividade avícola. Tendo isso, a pesquisa teve como foco a sustentabilidade energética, com o objetivo de avaliar comparativamente os resultados na produção de aves a partir da substituição das tecnologias na iluminação artificial, sendo avaliados três lotes de aves antes e três lotes em período posterior à substituição do sistema de iluminação por LED. A fim de dinamizar a investigação dos dados, o uso do método de matriz foi empregado como ferramenta de análise, juntamente com testes estatísticos de regressão multivariada. Os resultados demonstraram que a substituição da tecnologia luminosa ocasionou redução no consumo de ração e o aumento no consumo de água. Esse resultado sugere que a tecnologia pode oportunizar mudanças positivas nos índices de conversão alimentar, despertando interesses para novos estudos devido à produção de baixo carbono. E, especialmente na avicultura, a tecnologia demonstrou contribuir com os avanços nos processos produtivos.

Palavras-chave: LED. Dark house. Eficiência Energética. Produção de Aves.
Development and analytic validation of a sandwich ELISA for the measurement of α1-proteinase inhibitor concentrations in serum and feces of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: Parambeth Joseph C. , Lidbury Jonathan A. , Suchodolski Jan S. , Steiner Jörg M.
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a sandwich ELISA for the measurement of α1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-PI) concentrations in serum and fecal samples obtained from common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus).

SAMPLE Leftover serum (n = 42) and fecal (23) samples submitted for diagnostic testing; paired serum and fecal samples obtained from 30 common marmosets at 2 research colonies.

PROCEDURES A sandwich ELISA was developed and analytically validated by determining the lower limit of detection, linearity, accuracy, precision, and reproducibility. Reference intervals for α1-PI concentrations in serum and feces of common marmosets were calculated.

RESULTS The standard curve was generated for concentrations between 1 and 100 ng/mL. Mean ± SD observed-to-expected ratio for serial dilutions of serum and fecal samples was 117.1 ± 5.6% (range, 112.2% to 123.0%) and 106.1 ± 19.7% (range, 82.6% to 130.2%), respectively. Mean observed-to-expected ratio for spiking recovery of serum and fecal samples was 102.9 ± 12.1% (range, 86.8% to 115.8%) and 97.9 ± 19.0% (range, 83.0% to 125.1%), respectively. Reference interval for serum concentrations of α1-PI was 1,254 to 1,813 μg/mL, for 3-day mean fecal concentrations was 11.5 to 42.2 μg/g of feces, and for 3-day maximum fecal concentrations was 13.2 to 51.2 μg/g of feces.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The ELISA was linear, accurate, precise, and reproducible for quantification of α1-PI concentrations in serum and feces of common marmosets. However, the ELISA had limited linearity and accuracy for spiking recovery of fecal samples.
Evaluation of lipid markers in surfactant obtained from asthmatic horses exposed to hay
Authors: Christmann Undine , Hite R. Duncan , Witonsky Sharon G. , Buechner-Maxwell Virginia A. , Wood Paul L.
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the lipidomic profile of surfactant obtained from horses with asthma at various clinical stages and to compare results with findings for healthy horses exposed to the same conditions.

SAMPLE Surfactant samples obtained from 6 horses with severe asthma and 7 healthy horses.

PROCEDURES Clinical evaluation of horses and surfactant analysis were performed. Samples obtained from horses with severe asthma and healthy horses before (baseline), during, and after exposure to hay were analyzed. Crude surfactant pellets were dried prior to dissolution in a solution of isopropanol:methanol:chloroform (4:2:1) containing 7.5mM ammonium acetate. Shotgun lipidomics were performed by use of high-resolution data acquisition on an ion-trap mass spectrometer. Findings were analyzed by use of an ANOVA with a Tukey-Kramer post hoc test.

RESULTS Results of lipidomic analysis were evaluated to detect significant differences between groups of horses and among exposure statuses within groups of horses. Significantly increased amounts of cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA) and diacylglycerol (DAG) were detected in surfactant from severely asthmatic horses during exposure to hay, compared with baseline and postexposure concentrations. Concentrations of cPA and DAG did not change significantly in healthy horses regardless of exposure status.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE cPA 16:0 and DAG 36:2 were 2 novel lipid mediators identified in surfactant obtained from asthmatic horses with clinical disease. These molecules were likely biomarkers of sustained inflammation. Further studies are needed to evaluate a possible correlation with disease severity and potential alterations in the plasma lipidomic profile of horses with asthma.
Kaimear Island Rock Art Site at Kur Island in West Kei Islands Region, A New Discovery in Eastern Indonesia
Authors: Handoko Wuri , Peseletehaha Godlief Arsthen , Huwae Andrew , Rumaf Tofan Gayum
Published: February 2019

Situs Rock art di Pulau Kaimear, Kepulauan Kur yang berada di kawasan Kepulauan Kei adalah temuan situs rock art terbaru, dan untuk pertama kalinya dicatat dan dilaporkan oleh Tim Penelitian Balai Arkeologi Maluku pada tahun 2018. Situs rock art di Pulau Kaimear sebelumnya tidak pernah dicatat dan dilaporkan oleh arkeolog di dunia. Temuan rock art Kaimear menambah deretan sejumlah rock art di Kepulauan Maluku yang sebelumnya dilaporkan oleh para arkeolog dari negara luar. Penelitian ini merupakan publikasi terkini terkait dengan penemuan lokasi situs rock art baru di wilayah Maluku. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif berdasarkan penelitian arkeologi melalui survei dan observasi didukung oleh studi pustaka. Penelitian ini juga bersifat penelitian eskploratif yang menindaklanjuti informasi dari masyarakat lokal. Pengumpulan data penelitian ini dengan cara mengambil gambar sejumlah panel rock art dan catatan lapangan yang berisi deskripsi singkat. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, rock art di Pulau Kaimear termasuk temuan rock art yang masif, dengan jumlah gambar diperkirakan mencapai 400-500 motif gambar pada satu lokasi ceruk tebing cadas yang terjal. Selain bentuk figur manusia dalam berbagai variasi gaya, juga ditemukan bentuk hand stencil, foot stencil, perahu, hewan, lingkaran, dan masih banyak jenis gambar-gambar lain yang belum teridentifikasi. Hasil penelitian cukup menunjukkan pentingnya temuan situs ini, maka perlu ditindaklanjuti penelitian yang lebih sistematis dan intensif guna menunjang upaya pelestarian situs di masa yang akan datang.The Rock art site on Kaimear Island, the Kur Islands in the Kei Islands region was for the first time recorded and reported by the Balai Arkeologi Maluku Research Team in 2018. Archaeologists have never recorded and reported any rock art site on Kaimear Island before. The discovery of Kaimear's rock art adds to the rock art sites in Maluku, which were previously reported by archaeologists from outside the country. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach based on archaeological research through surveys and observations supported by literature studies. It is also exploratory research that follows up information from local communities. Data collection for this study consisted of taking images of a number of rock art panels and field notes containing a brief description. Rock art on Kaimear Island includes many panels of rock art, with the number of images estimated at 400-500 patterns in a steep rocky niche location. In addition to human figure shapes in various styles, there are also hand stencils, foot stencils, boats, animals, circles, and many other unidentified images. The results of the study establish the importance of the discovery of this site, and that it is necessary to follow up with more systematic and intensive research to support the preservation of the site in the future.
Superstructure Aerodynamics of the Type 26 Global Combat Ship
Authors: Mateer R , Scott S A , Owen I , White M D
Published: February 2019

The Type 26 City class Global Combat Ship is the latest design of UK frigate. Construction of the first ship, HMS Glasgow, began in July 2017 and the expectation is that it will enter service in the mid-2020s as a replacement for the Royal Navy’s Type 23 Duke class frigates. The main contractor for the design and construction of the ship is BAE Systems Maritime – Naval Ships. The Type 26 superstructure is characterised by its smooth sloping surfaces that are continuous along the ship from the fore deck to the flight deck. The tumblehome design reduces the ship’s radar cross-section, as does the minimisation of curved surfaces and internal corners. The Type 26 also has a bulky mast, also with flat sloping sides, while the funnel casing around the gas turbine exhaust uptake is located aft of the main mast and relatively low on the superstructure. In comparison, the earlier Type 23 has a much more fragmented superstructure with few geometric features for reduced radar reflection; it also has a more slender mast from which the anemometers are mounted, and the exhaust uptakes are higher. Overall the aerodynamics of the stealthy Type 26 frigate will be very different to the previous Type 23, and this will affect the operational envelope of the ship’s helicopters. Recognising the importance of superstructure aerodynamics to the ship design, the University of Liverpool has been working closely with colleagues from BAE to ensure that the air flow over the ship was considered as the superstructure design evolved. The paper will describe how, within the design cycle, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been used to analyse the unsteady flow over the full-scale ship. It will show how CFD, together with helicopter flight dynamics modelling, was used to inform design options for the superstructure geometry ahead of the landing deck. CFD was also used to inform options for locating the ship’s anemometers and has been used to predict the dispersion of the ship’s engine exhaust gases and the air temperature distribution in the vicinity of the flight deck.
De-risking flight trials using airwake simulations
Authors: Ward C M
Published: February 2019

Air operations around naval vessels are inherently challenging and a major contributor to this is the turbulent airflow around the vessels, colloquially known as the airwake. To manage the risks associated with these unsteady airflows and to help define safe operating limits for the ship and the aircraft, the Royal Navy undertakes First of Class Flight Trials (FOCFTs). However, these trials inherently carry their own risks as well as being costly and time consuming. This paper discusses how Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations have been used to de-risk flight trials and operations on the Queen Elizabeth Class (QEC) carriers. The simulations are shown to be in excellent agreement with full-scale LiDAR and anemometer measurements, which provides the requisite confidence to use them as a basis for de-risking. To de-risk the rotary wing FOCFTs, the turbulence approach parameter was defined as a proxy for pilot workload. It is shown that this parameter can be used to identify the wind conditions that are likely to be the most difficult for pilots, and to advise on changes to the approach paths that would reduce pilot workload. Test pilots were briefed with this airwake information prior to the FOCFTs, and the flow features identified in the CFD were found to be consistent with the pilots’ experiences. In the future this analysis could be used to reduce the time and cost associated with flight trials, manage through-life risks, and assess the impact of design decisions on the airwake during ship design. The work has also been used to de-risk F-35 trials and operations. In particular, the findings show that it may be possible to extend the operating envelope of the aircraft using a novel real-time system to predict airwake turbulence. In addition, CFD simulations were used to de-risk ondeck operations by ensuring that aircraft are within their exposure limits when tied-down. This information was used by the FOCFTs teams during rotary wing trials.
Application of Machine Learning and Mathematical Programming in the Optimization of the Energy Management System for Hybrid-Electric Vessels Having Cyclic Operations
Authors: Mohammadzadeh N , Baldi F , Boonen E
Published: February 2019

Shipping contributes today to 2.1% of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and its share is expected to grow in the coming years. At the same time, fuel prices are increasing and companies of the related increase in operational costs. This demands for higher efficiency in ship operations. In these regards, batterypowered vessels are often regarded as a promising solution. The existence of an energy storage element in the system, however, introduces additional challenges in its efficient control. This paper presents the application of machine learning and mathematical programming to the optimization of the energy management system of Diesel-electric vessels with an energy storage system operating according to a cyclical operational profile. The proposed energy management system uses unsupervised exclusive machine learning algorithms,k-means or k-medoids, to learn from prior operations. Then mathematical programming based on mixed-integer linear programming is used to address the problem of the optimal unit commitment by means of optimizing the system’s operations for minimizing fuel consumption. The calculated optimal state of charge of the energy storage system is used as the reference value for a proportional-integral controller during the real-time operations. The proposed energy management system is evaluated through its application to a case study corresponding to a hybrid-electric ferry operating in a urban area having cyclic operations through several stations. The results show that the efficiency of the control action is high with an accuracy ranging between 87% and 99%, when compared to an ideal controller, even in presence of large variations in the operational profile and the charging stations. Between the two tested clustering algorithms, k-means showed higher efficiency in the reduction of fuel consumption in presence of charging stations, while in absence of these, k-medoids showed to provide a better performance.
Waterfront Partnership – Integration and Cooperation in Submarine Repair
Authors: Bagga A , Dupuis T J
Published: February 2019

HMCS Victoria Repair Work Period was a strategic partnership between a naval repair facility and an industry partner fostering ground up cultural change and pushing the limits of integration at the waterfront. Many traditionalists might argue that partnering with industry via in-service-support (ISS) contracts is a precursor to rendering naval maintenance facilities redundant, thus accelerating their obsolescence. However, the HMCS Victoria Repair Work Period (VIC RWP) in the Royal Canadian Navy’s (RCN) dry dock in Esquimalt, BC presented a unique opportunity to further a philosophy predicated on an integrated and synergetic approach. A vast work scope, complex submarine design, supply chain issues exacerbated by specialized labour shortages, spurred a change to a long standing approach to submarine maintenance, namely with a Request for Proposal for integrated support resulting in a long-term partnership aimed at achieving the operational requirements of the RCN.
Effects of Varying Ramp Rate and Amount of ES
Authors: Gonsoulin D , Ozkhan G , Papari B , Edrington C S
Published: February 2019

This paper will address the usage of combined power and energy management control layers to systematically study the effect of intelligently varying generator ramp rates and its impact on required energy storage in the presence of mission load profiles. The work will utilize a developed notional 4-zone representation of a destroyer-class ship in which there is an energy management layer (composed of a distributed model predictive control) and a power management layer (composed of a distributed droop control). The work will analyze conditions in which the ship must fire a pulsed-power load. The effect of the energy management to leverage available energy storage versus allowing generator ramp-rates to exceed standards in the presences of the aforementioned conditions will be studied to illustrate how the consideration of system-level control is critical in the design cycle.
Enabling, Equipping and Empowering the Support Enterprise through Digital Transformation
Authors: Bolton M T W , Waterworth S N , McClurg R J
Published: February 2019

Existing digital technology is transforming adjacent industries and will transform the Maritime sector. Increased data integration, exploitation via applications and use of mobile technology will enable the realisation of benefits, particularly in the management of material state and design change. Improvements to the way we store, share, manage and act upon information will ensure decisions are based upon the best, most accurate and timely information available shared across the Support Enterprise. It will also reduce time taken for maintenance by better understanding the maintenance requirement and avoid unnecessary cost by reducing the need for 2nd, 3rd and 4th line support. All of this should lead to a greatly reduced safety risk and increased platform availability. Furthermore, these improvements will enable the Royal Navy (RN) to further empower its maintainers, improving efficiency, productivity and job satisfaction. These personnel are at the heart of the Support solution and are of vital importance not least because platforms are complex but also because conduct of operational engineering, by RN personnel at reach, in adversity, ensures the Service is always ready to fight and win. The RN is embracing Digital Transformation (DX) as the means to deliver maritime support improvement and specifically safety, availability and productivity benefits. Navy Command has developed the Maritime Support Information Exploitation (MarSIX) strategy and model to drive the development of a single configured, assured, inter-related data set that can effectively exploit information across the enterprise and ensure the RN maintainer is firmly positioned at the heart of Support. Vital to the safety argument and meeting availability requirements, the approach is part of a journey towards a future Support Network that recognises the unique maritime operating environment and the close relationship between front line engineering and the enterprise that supports it.
Turning data into reality
Authors: Leinster-Evans S , Newell J , Luck S
Published: February 2019

This paper looks to expand on the INEC 2016 paper ‘The future role of virtual reality within warship support solutions for the Queen Elizabeth Class aircraft carriers’ presented by Ross Basketter, Craig Birchmore and Abbi Fisher from BAE Systems in May 2016 and the EAAW VII paper ‘Testing the boundaries of virtual reality within ship support’ presented by John Newell from BAE Systems and Simon Luck from BMT DSL in June 2017. BAE Systems and BMT have developed a 3D walkthrough training system that supports the teams working closely with the QEC Aircraft Carriers in Portsmouth and this work was presented at EAAW VII. Since then this work has been extended to demonstrate the art of the possible on Type 26. This latter piece of work is designed to explore the role of 3D immersive environments in the development and fielding of support and training solutions, across the range of support disciplines. The combined team are looking at how this digital thread leads from design of platforms, both surface and subsurface, through build into in-service support and training. This rich data and ways in which it could be used in the whole lifecycle of the ship, from design and development (used for spatial acceptance, HazID, etc) all the way through to operational support and maintenance (in conjunction with big data coming off from the ship coupled with digital tech docs for maintenance procedures) using constantly developing technologies such as 3D, Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality and Mixed Reality, will be proposed.  The drive towards gamification in the training environment to keep younger recruits interested and shortening course lengths will be explored. The paper develops the options and looks to how this technology can be used and where the value proposition lies.
Digitally Empowering Naval Fleet Support
Authors: Rowley C , Ford G
Published: February 2019

Throughout history, the Royal Navy (RN) has invested in technical innovation to gain warfare advantage over its opponents. However, innovation often comes with change to the asset design, its operation and through life support. The most obvious example was during the turn of the 20th century when the RN moved from coal to oil powered propulsion systems, resulting in a major change to the skills of the crew and the support chain. The demands placed on the RN have continued to grow during the 21st century, with a fleet of highly complex surface ships and submarines that provide the UK conventional and nuclear strike capability. This paper explains how warfare advantage can be further improved by information exploitation that is targeted at the improvement of fleet availability, capability and safety by empowering the operator and its shore-side support organisation. The projects described in this paper have been developed in collaboration with the RN as part of the Maritime Support Information Exploitation Strategy (known as MarSIX). The paper therefore discusses the information principles used within Babcock’s Support Strategy to deliver Navy Command’s MarSIX vision.
Towards the Holy Grail? A Novel, Power Dense, Low Noise Permanent Magnet Motor
Authors: Lewis C , Salter B
Published: February 2019

High power, high efficiency propulsion equipment with a high shock resilience capability that occupies the minimum volume, with a low weight and a very low noise signature is a “holy grail” of naval propulsion.  Significant steps towards this goal have been made in the area of naval electric propulsion in the last 30 years, but it is hard to combine all these features in a single design since some features tend to militate against others.  Solutions, therefore, require a balance between the thermal challenges of high power in a low volume and the requirement for shock proof, low signature machines. A permanent magnet propulsion motor with a patented novel cooling system designed for power density and low structureborne noise is being developed, manufactured and tested as a technology demonstrator. It is part of a programme part funded by InnovateUK under the Optimised Electric System Architecture project in partnership with the University of Nottingham and the University of Warwick. The primary market for the motor is envisaged to be naval and marine research vessels where power density and low noise is important. The motor is low speed and designed for direct mechanical coupling in the shaft line to the propeller and will be suitable for full electric or hybrid propulsion since the design is inherently scalable from relatively low powers up to those required for full electric warship propulsion. This paper describes the principles of the design and the approaches used to achieve the combination of high power density, high efficiency, high torque and low noise.  It describes the thermal management approach and how the thermal behaviour of the different elements of the motor have been modelled.  It also shows how advanced modelling techniques, combined with laboratory based and simple, practical testing have been used to develop the design and the manufacturing techniques required by this innovative solution.  The paper also describes the testing approach used to validate the machine and its integration into a wider Direct Current or Alternating Current distribution system that could include energy storage elements. Finally, the performance of the motor is discussed along with the probable next stages in its development.
Naval Hybrid Power Take-Off and Power Take-In – Lessons Learnt and Future Advances
Authors: Benatmane M , Salter B
Published: February 2019

With the ever tightening of budgets and legislation, new vessel builds are facing tough times.  The future maritime industry requires more efficient vessels to minimise ship operational costs with cleaner technologies that meet stringent environment regulations, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, specifically carbon emissions. Emissions reduction continues to be high on the agenda for the marine industry, it is responsible for about 2.5 percent of global greenhouse emissions1 and is under great pressure to reduce its environmental impact. With pressure comes the opportunity to incentivize innovation, developments and implementation of energy efficient measures, both design and operational. Naval propulsion systems are no different from other industries, and the industry is exploring ways to optimise propulsion and electrical power generation systems architecture for better performance and efficiency. Electric technology plays a leading role. The paper will: Provide a brief overview about the hybrid propulsion concept, with key electrical, mechanical qualities and issues. Describe different designs configurations and performances of hybrid propulsion systems from demonstrated and operational systems in the commercial and naval world. Cover the lessons learnt in technologies and controls used on such systems. Examine future architectures including energy storage and explore the benefits and the flexibility these can bringto the hybrid propulsion sphere.
Marine Dual Fuel Engine Control System Modelling and Safety Implications Analysis
Authors: Theotokatos G , Stoumpos S , Bolbot B , Boulougouris E , Vassalos D
Published: February 2019

The present study focuses on the modelling of a marine dual fuel engine and its control system with an aim to study the engine response at transient conditions and identify and discuss potential safety implications. This investigation is based on an integrated engine model developed in GT-ISE™ software, capable of predicting the steady state performance as well as the transient response of the engine. This model includes the appropriate modules for realising the functional modelling of the engine control system to implement the ordered engine load changes as well as switching the engine operating mode. The developed model is validated against available published data. Subsequently, two test cases with fuel changes, from gas to diesel and diesel to gas were simulated and the derived results were analysed for investigating the safety implications that may arise during operation. The results showed that the matching of the engine and the turbocharger as well as the exhaust gas waste gate control are critical factors for ensuring compressor surge free operation during fuel changes.
Learning Lessons to de-risk future complex projects: Design and Integration of the World's Largest Ship Platform Management System Queen Elizabeth Class Aircraft Carriers
Authors: Williams M
Published: February 2019

The Integrated Platform Management System (IPMS) on the Queen Elizabeth Class (QEC) Aircraft Carriers for the Royal Navy is the largest and most integrated ship control system ever delivered.  To achieve the successful delivery of this system, with a project lifecycle of 15 years, has necessitated the need for un-paralleled alliance working between companies; the deployment of novel, agile processes; the need to produce an architecture that finds a balance between safety and operability; proactive obsolescence management; the need to trade-off customer requirements and expectations with technical and financial risk, plus the alignment of security requirements within an inherently commercial architecture.
VIEWS ON THE MANIFESTATION OF LOCAL WISDOM (CASE: KAMPUNG NAGA, WEST JAVA)
Authors: Saladin Agus , Purnomo Agus Budi , Tundono Sri
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe physical object of architecture is a manifestation of thoughtful concept of the architect. Philosophically, in vernacular architecture, the concept of thoughts is being revealed in the form of local wisdom. Kampung Naga, as one of the vernacular villages in West Java, maintains its traditional culture although the inhabitants have undergone modern thought. The modern era has developed immensely which could affect the decline in preserving the local wisdom. To anticipate the decline, it is necessary to make an effort to formulate the local wisdom which is still existed. This paper aims to explain the results of research in Kampung Naga which focusing on physical elements and accommodating the results of previous research concerning on local wisdom. Data and information as written materials were obtained through field survey, literature review, and previous research studies. The results of the study show that local wisdom in Kampung Naga has an effect on the aspects of life in terms of social interaction, land law, physical building ideas and its spatial order. The paper will be ended with the diagrammatic conceptual model of the aspects of the manifestation of local wisdom in Kampung Naga. Keywords: manifestation, local wisdom, Kampung Naga
Special considerations for consent in immuno-oncology - Medic LAWgic recommendations
Authors: Parikh Purvish M. , Jhaveri Karishma , Bahl Ankur , Talwar Vineet , Gandhi Pritish , Singh Randeep , Shreshta Sudeep , Sahoo TP
Published: February 2019

Novel immuno-oncology medications are a new addition to the armamentarium in the fight against cancer. This new class of drugs have unique toxicities whose understanding is constantly evolving. Today more is published in scientific literature every year then we can test in our lifetime. Hence we need to take advantage of existing technology to improve the experience of the healthcare team as well as the patients and care givers while going through available literature and information. This will improve understanding and empower the patients to participate actively in the decision making process. This manuscript is an initiative to achieve this objective.