bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blow-up behaviour of one-dimensional semilinear parabolic equations
Authors: Herrero M.A. , Velázquez J.J.L.
Published: February 2017

Consider the Cauchy problem

\begin{cases}
u_{t}−u_{xx}−\mathrm{F}(u) = 0;\:\:&x \in ℝ,\:t > 0 \\
u(x,0) = u_{0}(x);\:\:&x \in ℝ
\end{cases}

where

u_0(x)

is continuous, nonnegative and bounded, and

F(u) = u^p

with

p > 1

, or

F(u) = e^u

. Assume that

u

blows up at

x = 0

and

t = T > 0

. In this paper we shall describe the various possible asymptotic behaviours of

u(x, t)

as

(x, t) → (0, T)

. Moreover, we shall show that if

u_0(x)

has a single maximum at

x = 0

and is symmetric,

u_0(x) = u_0(−x)

for

x > 0

, there holds

1) If

\mathrm{F}(u)=u^p

with

p > 1

, then

\begin{align*}
&\lim\limits_{t\uparrow \mathrm{T}} u\left(\xi((\mathrm{T}−t)|\log(\mathrm{T}−t)|)^{1/2},t\right) (\mathrm{T}−t)^{1/ (p−1)} \\
&\qquad = (p−1)^{−(1/(p−1))}\left[1 + \frac{(p−1)\xi^{2}}{4p}\right]^{−(1/(p−1))}
\end{align*}

uniformly on compact sets

|ξ| ≦ R

with

R > 0

,

2) If

F(u) = e^u

, then

\lim \limits_{t\uparrow \mathrm{T}}\left(u(\xi((\mathrm{T}−t)|\log (\mathrm{T}−t)|)^{1/ 2},t) + \log (\mathrm{T}−t)\right) = −\log\left[1 + \frac{\xi^2}{4}\right]

uniformly on compact sets

|ξ| ≦ R

with

R > 0

.

On considère le problème de Cauchy

\begin{cases}
u_{t}−u_{xx}−\mathrm{F}(u) = 0;\:\:&x \in ℝ,\:t > 0 \\
u(x,0) = u_{0}(x);\:&x \in ℝ
\end{cases}

où

u_0(x)

est une fonction continue, non négative et bornée, et

F(u) = u^p

avec

p > 1

ou

F(u) = e^u

. Nous supposons que

u

explose au point

x = 0

en temps

T > 0

. Dans ce travail, nous obtenons tous les comportements asymptotiques possibles de la solution

u(x, t)

quand

(x, t) → (0, T)

.
“A Mother for All the People”: Feminist Science and Chacoan Archaeology
Authors: Heitman Carrie C.
Published: February 2017

In 1997, Alison Wylie outlined an epistemic and ontological critique of archaeological inquiry to advance feminist science studies. Wylie’s work, I argue, remains relevant and potentially transformative for analysis of the cultural florescence that took place in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, during the ninth through twelfth centuries A.D. Archival, archaeological, and ethnographic data presented here suggest that women had important and undertheorized roles to play in the social transformations that defined emergent Chacoan society. Legacy data made available through the Chaco Research Archive provide evidence in support of Lamphere’s (2000) ritual power model interpretation of the Chacoan florescence. The advent of such open-access resources allows for a critical analysis of gender ideologies and praxis through aggregated legacy sources that augment analyses based on surviving, institutionally curated artifact collections and published sources.
Foreword
Authors: Wedel Waldo R.
Published: February 2017

Two years ago, in the April, 1947 issue of American Antiquity, appeared a series of papers concerned with the River Basin Survey archaeological program (Brew and others, 1947). As the published record of a symposium sponsored by the Committee for Recovery of Archaeological Remains, those papers set forth the objectives and plans for a major program of scientific salvage. This undertaking stems from the nation-wide Federal water-control developments, whereby hundreds of dams, reservoirs, irrigation facilities, and other works are contemplated. Inasmuch as these developments will necessarily involve large sections of many of our stream valleys, where also exists a great proportion of our archaeological material, it was pointed out that immediate steps were necessary to forestall complete destruction of many of our basic data on American prehistory.
Charles R. Scoggin, 1914-1944
Authors: Roberts Frank H. H.
Published: February 2017

Among the many student archaeologists serving in the armed forces of the United States, one of the first to make the supreme sacrifice was 1st Lieutenant Charles R. Scoggin. He was killed in action on Anzio beachhead, Italy, Feb. 2, 1944.

Lieutenant Scoggin, son of Dr. W. J. and Essie (Cartwright) Scoggin, was born July 10, 1914, at Bridgeport, Nebraska. He received his preliminary schooling at Chula Vista, California, and in 1927 moved with his parents to Ovid, Colorado, where he attended high school, graduating in 1931. Because of the depression, he was unable to continue his formal education at that time and in 1933 moved with his family to nearby Julesburg, Colorado. He was employed at Julesburg until the autumn of 1935 when he enrolled in the University of Colorado at Boulder. As it was necessary for him to work his way through college his attendance was irregular and he had not completed the hours requisite to a-degree when the tide of world events swept him on to grimmer tasks in the summer of 1942.
The International Symposium on Early Man
Authors: Strong William Duncan
Published: February 2017

Celebrating its one hundred and twenty-fifth birthday, the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia assembled a remarkable scientific congress in that city, from Wednesday, March 17, until late Saturday, March 20, 1937. Rarely, if ever, in the history of American natural science has there been such a happy combination of scientific discussion, presentation of new evidence, and the gathering of exhibits, all bearing on the worldwide problem of man's origin and early development. Even more appreciated was the unlimited hospitality of the Academy which transmuted what might have been merely a stimulating scientific symposium into a gracious international social event.
The Beauty of "Ugly" Eskimo Cooking Pots
Authors: Frink Lisa , Harry Karen G.
Published: February 2017

Arctic Alaskan ceramics offer several interpretive challenges for the archaeologist. In contrast to most cross-cultural patterns, these cooking vessels were produced by hunter-gatherers living in a cool and humid environment and were used to cook meat rather than starchy seeds. Additionally, when compared to cooking vessels and techniques from other areas of the world, their shapes and textures are atypical and appear poorly suited for their intended use. At first impression, these vessels might appear to reflect simply a lack of technological expertise. However, we argue that when considered in relation to the local social and environmental context under which these vessels were produced and used, these apparent contradictions can be understood.
Variation in Ohio Hopewell Political Economies
Authors: Coon Matthew S.
Published: February 2017

I examine mortuary, artifactual, symbolic, and proxemic data from Hopewell sites in southwestern and south-central Ohio to suggest that people associated with south-central Ohio sites such as Hopewell and Seip implemented more exclusionary political strategies, while people at southwestern sites such as Turner and Fort Ancient maintained a more corporate orientation through much of the Middle Woodland period. The recognition of this dimension of variation among Ohio Hopewell peoples has important implications for the study of the evolution of middle-range societies.
Daily Practice and the Organization of Space at the Dawn of Agriculture: A Case Study from the near East
Authors: Kuijt Ian , Goodale Nathan
Published: February 2017

Drawing upon the lithic remains from the Late Natufian and Pre-Pottery Neolithic A occupations of "Iraq ed-Dubb, Jordan, we utilize a quantifiable statistical approach with Geographic Information Systems analysis to interpret shifting practices that influenced site structure. This study indicates that the highly mobile Late Natufian population who inhabited the site had fairly nondelineated use of space compared to a more delineated use of space during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A. It appears that intensified intra-community organization of space was a byproduct of decreased residential mobility. Moreover, the emergence of more formal intra-community organization likely aided in the development of much more complex human societies that evolved several millennia after the onset of Holocene conditions.
Mounds, Myths, and Cherokee Townhouses in Southwestern North Carolina
Authors: Rodning Christopher B.
Published: February 2017

This paper explores the role of public architecture in anchoring Cherokee communities to particular points within the southern Appalachian landscape in the wake of European contact in North America. Documentary evidence about Cherokee public structures known as townhouses demonstrates that they were settings for a variety of events related to public life in Cherokee towns, and that there were a variety of symbolic meanings associated with them. Archaeological evidence of Cherokee townhouses—especially the sequence of six townhouses at the Coweeta Creek site in southwestern North Carolina—demonstrates an emphasis on continuity in the placement and alignment of public architecture through time. Building and rebuilding these public structures in place, and the placement of burials within these architectural spaces, created enduring attachments between Cherokee towns and the places in which they lived, in the midst of the geopolitical instability created by European contact in eastern North America.
The Jim Pitts Site: A Stratified Paleoindian Site in the Black Hills of South Dakota
Authors: Sellet Frederic , Donohue James , Hill Matthew G.
Published: February 2017

The Jim Pitts site is a multicomponent Paleoindian locality in the Black Hills of South Dakota, with a rare Goshen residential occupation. All Paleoindian components were comprised in the Leonard paleosol. The deepest component at the site is a Goshen level dated to 10,185 ± 25 B.P. It correlates with a late fall-early winter camp site. Over the course of its use parts of at least five bison were procured and introduced to the site. Above this level an array of point styles, including Goshen, Folsom, Agate Basin, several Fishtail points, James Allen, Cody, and Alberta, have also been found. The following study provides a typological and technological description of the point assemblage and weighs the implications of the chrono-cultural stratigraphy for reconstructing the Paleoindian cultural landscape. It questions the validity of some types, particularly Goshen, as cultural and chronological markers. Ultimately, the evidence presented here reinforces a model in which multiple Paleoindian point types occur simultaneously on the central and northern Great Plains. This in turn challenges a unilineal view of Paleoindian culture history.
Incoming Presidential Remarks
Authors: Adams Richard E. W.
Published: February 2017

The movement toward professionalism in archaeology is reflected in the SAA in many of its present activities. The time has come to redress the balance by reemphasizing that the Society is first and foremost a learned society.
The Law of the Sea Treaty and Underwater Cultural Resources
Authors: Watters David R.
Published: February 2017

The Convention on the Law of the Sea, the culminating document of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, received favorable votes from 130 States in April 1982. The United States voted against approval. Articles 149 and 303, which address archaeological and historical objects found in various ocean zones, are compromise measures with ambiguous texts that are subject to interpretation. Archaeologists generally, not simply underwater archaeologists, should be concerned with these provisions because they could set an unfortunate precedent for future international negotiations involving cultural resources, and because they may apply to inundated prehistoric sites as well as to shipwrecks.
Reevaluating Diet and Technology in the Archaic Great Basin Using Starch Grain Assemblages from Hogup Cave UTAH
Authors: Herzog Nicole M. , Lawlor Anne T.
Published: February 2017

Identifying the relationships between prehistoric technologies and their role in food processing is important in understanding the timing, constraints, and motivations for dietary shifts in the past. However, direct evidence linking tools to specific plant foods is often lacking. This is especially true for archaeological assemblages dating to the early Holocene in the Great Basin. During this period, the appearance of milling stones and coiled basketry has often been assumed to represent a dietary transition marked by an increased reliance on lower-return plant foods, specifically small seeds. Here we evaluate the role of milling stones and basketry in the processing of low-return seeds by analyzing starch granules recovered from artifacts dating to the early and mid-Holocene from Hogup Cave, Utah. Results suggest that basketry and milling stones were used to process different resource types. Starch granules on milling stones primarily represent geophytes, while those from baskets are limited to small-seeded plant taxa mainly within the amaranth family. Results lead us to reevaluate the hypothesis that the appearance of these tools signals dietary broadening and prompt an array of new questions about early Holocene diets, the role and costs of processing technology, and the relative value of seed resources.
The archaeology of the Phuthiatsana-ea-Thaba Bosiu Basin, Lesotho, southern Africa: changes in Later Stone Age regional demography
Authors: Mitchell Peter
Published: February 2017

Field survey of an unexplored zone of southern Africa enlarges and develops knowledge of the region's prehistory.
Static scenes at the Globe and the Rose Elizabethan theatres
Authors: Gurr Andrew
Published: February 2017

In 1989, we reported the state of affairs at the Rose, and in 1992 at the Globe, the two Elizabethan theatres in London which survive archaeologically. They are the unique remnants of a unique and uniquely valued kind of building, Shakespeare's workplaces. On December 1993, Sam Wanamaker died, whose inspired scheme to re-make a Shakespearean Globe using evidence from these remnants is at last being built. We asked Andrew Gurr, co-author of our two reports, to tell us what is happening at both original theatre sites. His story is of scenes that are, by Shakespeare's standards, most static.
The late medieval mint workshops at the Archbishop's Palace, Trondheim
Authors: McLees Christopher
Published: February 2017

Recent excavations at the Archbishop's Palace in the city of Trondheim, Norway, have brought to light mint workshops of the period 1458/1483–1537. Surviving internal arrangements, analogous with features portrayed in contemporary illustrations, are uniquely illuminative of late medieval minting.
Forms of power: dimensions of an Irish megalithic landscape
Authors: Mcmann Jean
Published: February 2017

‘What must it have been like to be here in ancient times?’ — where ‘here’ is inside one of the Great Zimbabwe enclosures or a Mesoamerican ball-court. An architectural approach to built spaces may make coherent that felt experience, here applied to the Loughcrew chamber-tombs, classic built spaces of Irish prehistory.
Towards an archaeology of navvy huts and settlements of the industrial revolution
Authors: Morris Michael
Published: February 2017

Around any great construction enterprise, whether Victorian railway viaduct or contemporary motorway, there will be a passing scatter of huts and buildings, swept away when the project is complete and the builders have moved on. In the unmechanized age, this meant large numbers of hands and large settlements, which have their archaeological trace.
Reducing the effects of heavy equipment compaction through in situ archaeological site preservation
Authors: Ardito Anthony J.
Published: February 2017

Salvage archaeology in anticipation of destruction is an accepted response to a site in the way of a pipe-line or other development. But is it right in principle? — a ‘full and fair’ record is not quite the same as survival of the actual site. And if techniques to protect a site during construction work are well designed, may they not also be cheaper?
Palaeoenvironmental evidence of island colonization: a response
Authors: Anderson Atholl
Published: February 2017

More on whether evidence of prehistoric environment on the Pacific island of Mangaia does or does not demonstrate an early human presence there.
Excavations at Los Buchillones, Cuba
Authors: Graham Elizabeth , Pendergast David M. , Calvera Jorge , Jardines Juan
Published: February 2017

Between 1989 and 1994, north coast fishermen Nelson Torna and Pedro Guerra salvaged approximately 195 well-preserved wooden artefacts, mostly of lignum vitcre, from recently disturbed marine sediments near their village of Punta Alegre, in Ciego de Avila, Cuba. They had collected the artefacts from a shallow lagoon, and from the shoreline near their village at a place known as Los Buchillones. The wooden artefacts include pins, eyed needles, hooks, fragments of dishes, handles for axes (including two that retained the stone tools), duhos or stools that served as badges of rank in Taino society, and zemis or male deity figures. In 1994, on an official Royal Ontario Museum visit to Cuba, then curator David Pendergast was shown these artefacts, and discussions began between Pendergast and Cuban archaeologists Dr Jorge Calvera and Lic. Juan Jardines concerning the possibility of launching an investigation of the contexts from which the artifacts had come. The Royal Ontario Museum (ROM) thereby established a jointly directed and jointly funded project with the Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnologia, y Medio Ambiente (CITMA) of the government of Cuba, and investigations began in 1997
Campanaio—an agricultural settlement in Roman Sicily
Authors: Wilson R. J. A.
Published: February 2017

Roman Sicily has long been known from classical
sources for its agricultural fertility, but little
archaeological research has been conducted on
the rural economy. The Campanaio project is
uncovering a wealth of information about a small
(3 ha) hellenistic and Roman rural settlement and
its economy, 25 km west of Agrigento. Excavations
(1994-95,1997-98) have revealed seven principal
phases. Activity started c. 200 BC, and was
intensive for two centuries in the central part of
the site. A complex of buildings underwent two
complete reconstructions between 200 BC and AD
25; in its last phase (c. 50 BC) it comprised an Lshaped
building some 17 m long and 8.40 m wide,
with dry-stone walls, earth floors and mud-brick
superstructure (FIGUR1E
Mesolithic sedentism on Oronsay: chronological evidence from adjacent islands in the southern Hebrides
Authors: Mithen Steven
Published: February 2017

Research on the Mesolithic in the west of Scotland has been gathering momentum since the 1980s. Here, Steven Mithen analyses dates for near-by islands and proposes possible settlement models for the Mesolithic.
Interpretation not record: the practice of archaeology
Authors: Andrews Gill , Barrett John C. , Lewis John S. C.
Published: February 2017

‘The separation of theory and practice is not one that will easily be overcome by academic and philosophical critique, however necessary and important these are.’ (Shanks & Tilley 1992: xxii). Here a team of archaeologists address this difficult theme, in the light of their experiences under the flightpath of Heathrow Airport.
Peau noire, masques blancs: self-image in the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in Scotland
Authors: Murray Jane
Published: February 2017

Models attributing the origins of the British Neolithic to developing Mesolithic complexity founder on the paucity of evidence for activity during the 5th millennium cal BC. The Scottish transition is examined and its is argued that the onset of the Neolithic was primarily a cognitive and cultural event rather than an economic transformation. It is suggested that knowledge of the existence of complex neolithic societies in northern Europe may have inhibited Late Mesolithic self-confidence, resulting in suppression of identity, thus creating the impression of hiatus that precedes Neolithicization.
The living and the dead in northern Scotland 3500–2000 BC
Authors: Phillips Tim , Watson Aaron
Published: February 2017

A fieldwalking project focused on the Neolithic/Early Bronze Age of northern Scotland investigates different regional traditions and changing relationships with ancestors.
Radiocarbon chronology of the Kalmykia Catacomb culture of the west Eurasian steppe
Authors: Shishlina N.I. , Alexandrovsky A.L. , Chichagova O.A. , van der Plicht J.
Published: February 2017

New calibration studies of burials from the Catacomb culture of western Eurasia enable better understanding of the spread and development of different Bronze Age traditions.
Ana Manuku: a prehistoric ritualistic site on Mangaia, Cook Islands
Authors: Steadman David W. , Antón Susan C. , Kirch Patrick V.
Published: February 2017

A deposit of dismembered and cooked human remains from Ana Manuku in the Cook Islands, Polynesia, provides evidence for ritual practices c. AD 1390–1470.
Responses to Geoffrey Wainwright's report ‘The Stonehenge we deserve’, Antiquity 74 (2000): 334–42
Authors: Baxter Ian , Chippindale Christopher , Fielden Kate , Kennet Wayland , Young Elizabeth
Published: February 2017

In June this year, we published Geoffrey Wainwright's paper on ‘The Stonehenge we deserve'. This paper aimed to provide a review of progress towards sorting out the many problems of management, presentation and conservation of this World Heritage site and its landscape. As readers of ANTIQUITY are well aware, the fortunes of Stonehenge are intimately linked with politics, money and public opinion, and the long saga of possible solutions to make the site a better place for the future rest on these changing variables. Dr Wainwright outlined past strategies and the hope of future solutions as they were early this year. Already things have changed and the invited responses which we publish here discuss the recent changes of plan for Stonehenge. Baxter & Chippindale review the difficulties of the ‘current’ scheme and its incompatibility with visitor numbers. Fielden exposes the incompatibility of the A303 proposals for Stonehenge with legislation and planning; and Kennet & Young raise the problems of the various Plans and politics.

We sent these responses to Dr Wainwright for his current view of the situation.
The Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in Ukraine: new radiocarbon determinations for the cemeteries of the Dnieper Rapids Region
Authors: Lillie Malcolm C.
Published: February 2017

Large Mesolithic and Neolithic cemeteries that span the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition are scarce in Europe. As such, understanding the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition is rarely easy when using the direct evidence from carbon-dating of human remains. A new dating programme for the Ukrainian cemeteries of the Dnieper Rapids region throws up considerable discrepancies between typological seriation as a means to assign burials to the Mesolithic or to the Neolithic and the carbon evidence.
The state of large earthwork sites in the United Kingdom
Authors: Jones Kevin L.
Published: February 2017

The management of earthwork sites and their protection from erosion is a constant problem. Here Kevin Jones assesses methods and materials used on archaeological sites in Britain. It is essential to find compatible, economic land uses for most earthworks but this use should not lead to diminished expectations of good protection and historic interpretation.
The beginning of wisdom
Authors: Pearson M. Parker
Published: February 2017

It is the best of times and it is the worst of times. On one hand, there are more resources and people involved in archaeology than ever before; there is considerable public and media interest in the subject; and there have been exciting developments in archaeologists’ uses of social theory. On the other, competition is intense for locally scarce funding; most field research is constrained by non-archaeological considerations; and fragmentation, insecurity and disenchantment are rife. The split between theory and practice has certainly widened since David Clarke’s day, whilst theory has become not so much Clarke’s unifier within the morass of empirical detail but its own basis for division and often bitter disagreement within the profession.
Layard's Nineveh and its remains
Authors: Reade Julian
Published: February 2017

When in the 18th century European travellers passed through the obscure Ottoman provinces of Mosul and Baghdad, in what is now Iraq, they sometimes paused to contemplate the wreckage of Nineveh and Babylon. We know today that every Mesopotamian mound is an accumulation of history, but at the time it was far from obvious that significant relics of ancient civilizations, known on Biblical authority to have existed but at the same time condemned and destroyed by Divine justice, might still survive beneath the surface of the ground.

In 1820 Claudius James Rich, British Resident in Baghdad, investigated Nineveh and heard of sculptures that had been found among the ruins, but it was 1836 before his widow published an account of his visit. That book was the catalyst for a phase of frantic exploration, between 1843 and 1855, which led ultimately to the discovery both of ancient Assyria and of an entire civilization, that of ancient Mesopotamia, which stretched back past Babylonians and Sumerians to the very evolution of writing and the dawn of history. The discoveries were more than academic. In 1848. when the first results began to be known in Great Britain, they helped undermine some of the fundamental assumptions of established society.
Dennis of Etruria: a celebration
Authors: Potter T. W.
Published: February 2017

George Dennis’ The cities and cemeteries of Etruria, a massive two-volume work of over 1000 pages, was published towards the end of 1848, the British Museum’s copy (now the British Library’s) being received on 18 January 1849. It was quickly acclaimed as a literary and archaeological masterpiece (Rhodes 1973: 52–5; Pallottino 1955: 126, n. 1), which brought the then little-known Etruscans to life in the most vivid of ways. The fruit, in Dennis’ word, of extensive travelling in Etruria between 1842 and 1847, and of much work in the libraries of, in particular, Rome, it remains 150 years later an indispensable topographical source. Indeed, a 2nd, revised, edition appeared in 1878 (reprinted in 1883, but misleadingly entitled a 3rd edition), and a further version of the 1848 volume was published in J.M. Dent’s highly regarded ‘Everyman’ series in 1907.
Is archaeological valuation an accounting matter?
Authors: Carman John , Carnegie Garry D. , Wolnizer Peter W.
Published: February 2017

How can a value be put on the past? This article promotes discussion of how archaeologists and museum curators are being forced into providing valuations for their ‘resource’ and collections, and conforming to accounting practices.
Archaeology and ideological propaganda in annexed Alsace (1940–1944)
Authors: Legendre Jean-Pierre
Published: February 2017

In June 1940, following the signature of the Rethondes armistice, the French province of Alsace was joined to Germany and integrated with the neighbouring German province of Baden, into the Gau Baden-Elsass, later known as Gau Oberrhein. A period of more than four years began, when the Nazi authorities resorted to any means to Germanize the province and its inhabitants as quickly as possible. Various measures were taken as early as 1940, such as a ban on the speaking of French and even the wearing of the Basque beret. Those measures were backed up with the use of propaganda at different levels in everyday life. One of the favourite themes of the media consisted in trying to demonstrate that Alsatians were descendants of ‘Germanic’ populations who settled a long time ago in this country, and that those origins justified their integration into the Reich (FIGURE 1). Local archaeological research was especially favoured by the Nazis to further this theory.
Bring out your dead: people, pots and politics
Authors: Brothwell Don
Published: February 2017

When Davis and Thurman produced in 1865 their massive volume on aspects of the ancient skeletons excavated from British tombs and cemeteries, they had no interest in Victorian colonialism or establishing which early population was the most ‘primitive’ or ‘savage’ or ‘inferior’, although they did recognise differences in cultural dynamics (with the Romans getting top marks). The term “race” was used for long barrow people, Romans, Saxons and others, simply to refer to populations in a time and cultural frame. I say this to dispatch the idea, common in archaeology and the media, that these early scholars were only interested in establishing hierarchies of inferiority by reference to skeletal material. If anything, Victorian science was disadvantaged by the ever present class consciousness of the times, but these early scientists did try to avoid such influences.
Palaeogeography around the Harappan port of Lothal, Gujarat, western India
Authors: Khadkikar A.S. , Rajshekhar C. , Kumaran K.P.N.
Published: February 2017

The authors report a reconstruction of the palaeogeography around the Harappan town of Lothal, major port of the Indus civilisation, using multispectral satellite imagery and environmental analysis. Key results include the identification of a broad tidally influenced palaeochannel adjoining the western part of Lothal and a former estuary towards the east. Micropalaeontological analyses show that Lothal developed over a tidal salt marsh and was subsequently left high and dry as the sea level dropped.
Risk and marginality at high altitudes: new
interpretations from fieldwork on the Faravel
Plateau, Hautes-Alpes
Authors: Walsh Kevin
Published: February 2017

Living at high altitude carries risks, so
settlement there can be thought marginal. Its
success or failure ought to be dependent on the
environment and the climate. But recent fieldwork
in the French Alps shows that exploitation was not
coincident with climatic conditions: Mesolithic
people found the hunting good; in the climatic
optimum of the Roman period the high altitudes
were said to be uninhabitable and apparently were;
while in the Little Ice Age of the fourteenth
century and later, the high Alps were at their
busiest. The author hypothesises that social
control and perception, rather than climate, were
the determinant factors.
Direct radiocarbon dating of megalithic
paints from north-west Iberia
Authors: Steelman K.L. , Ramírez F. Carrera , Valcarce R. Fábregas , Guilderson T. , Rowe M.W.
Published: February 2017

Using plasma chemistry, carbon was
extracted from charcoal paint samples collected
from megalithic monuments in north-west Iberia.
Nine accelerator mass spectrometric radiocarbon
dates on these paints establish their age to be
within 1000 14C years of each
other, centred at approximately 5000 BP. These
radiocarbon ages for megalithic paintings fall
within the proposed time period for north-west
Iberian megalithic culture. Multiple layers of
paint on some stones show that more than one
painting episode occurred.
Evidence for mummification in Bronze Age Britain
Authors: Pearson Mike Parker , Chamberlain Andrew , Craig Oliver , Marshall Peter , Mulville Jacqui , Smith Helen , Chenery Carolyn , Collins Matthew , Cook Gordon , Craig Geoffrey , Evans Jane , Hiller Jen , Montgomery Janet , Schwenninger Jean-Luc , Taylor Gillian , Wess Timothy
Published: February 2017

Ancient Egyptians are thought to have been the only people in the Old World who were practising mummification in the Bronze Age (c. 2200-700 BC). But now a remarkable series of finds from a remote Scottish island indicates that Ancient Britons were performing similar, if less elaborate, practices of bodily preservation. Evidence of mummification is usually limited to a narrow range of arid or frozen environments which are conducive to soft tissue preservation. Mike Parker Pearson and his team show that a combination of microstructural, contextual and AMS14C analysis of bone allows the identification of mummification in more temperate and wetter climates where soft tissues and fabrics do not normally survive. Skeletons from Cladh Hallan on South Uist, Western Isles, Scotland were buried several hundred years after death, and the skeletons provide evidence of post mortem manipulation of body parts. Perhaps these practices were widespread in mainland Britain during the Bronze Age.
What language did Neolithic pots speak? Colin Renfrew’s European farming-language-dispersal model challenged
Authors: Kristiansen Kristian
Published: February 2017

The author argues that Colin Renfrew’s farming language dispersal hypothesis for the spread of the Indo-European languages is unverifiable, and rests on dubious theoretical and methodological assumptions. Archaeology is better at recognising institutions than language, and present knowledge defines the Bronze Age, rather than the early Neolithic, as the formative period for the development and spread of so-called of Proto- and Early Indo-European institutions.
ON THE HOCHSCHILD HOMOLOGY OF INVOLUTIVE ALGEBRAS
Authors: FERNÀNDEZ-VALÈNCIA RAMSÈS , GIANSIRACUSA JEFFREY
Published: February 2017

We study the homological algebra of bimodules over involutive associative algebras. We show that Braun's definition of involutive Hochschild cohomology in terms of the complex of involution-preserving derivations is indeed computing a derived functor: the ℤ/2-invariants intersected with the centre. We then introduce the corresponding involutive Hochschild homology theory and describe it as the derived functor of the pushout of ℤ/2-coinvariants and abelianization.
Avalanches of electrons in a gas
Authors: Steutel F. W.
Published: February 2017

The motion of electrons through a gas of particles is modelled as a two-state process: an electron is alternatingly moving and being held captive by a non-moving particle, during exponentially distributed periods.

The model contains a parameter p, the probability that collision of an electron with a gas particle does not lead to its capture but produces an extra electron.

The quantity of interest is the current C(t) produced by the moving electrons, as a function of time.
Joint Mathematical Council for the United Kingdom
Authors: Hodge William
Published: February 2017

The formation of a Joint Mathematical Council for the United Kingdom has recently been announced, and readers of the Gazette may be interested to know the reasons for setting up such a body, and what it hopes to achieve.
Geometry and Soap Bubbles
Authors: Calvert R. W.
Published: February 2017

Owing to the tendency of soap films to form the minimum surface area the surfaces of bubbles are spherical and intersect at 120°.
Visit to a Moscow School, September 1963
Authors: Garrett G.
Published: February 2017

The nameplate stated “Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, Middle School No. 7 with specialisation in Production Mathematics”. The six-storey building was quite inconspicuous among all the blocks of flats in the new extensive housing area of Cheremushki in south-west Moscow It had been arranged that my brother and I should visit this school during the first week of the academic year, which for Russian schools begins on the 1st September.
The Bearing of Higher Geometry on the School Course
Authors: Piaggio H. T. H.
Published: February 2017

The subject of discussion this morning is “The bearing of higher geometry on the school course”. The difficulties of geometry are well-known, though not all of you will entirely endorse the opinion expressed about 350 years ago by a certain Hubert Languet, who wrote to Sir Philip Sidney as follows: “I know not whether it is wise to apply your mind to geometry, though it is a noble study and well worthy of a fine understanding, but . . . you are not overcheerful by nature, and it is a study which will make you still more grave; and as it requires the strongest application of the mind, it is likely to wear out the powers of the intellect, and very much to impair the health.”
Wingate’s Arithmetick
Authors: Hooker J. H.
Published: February 2017

The 5th Edition by JOHN KERSEY, Teacher of the Mathematicks, at the Sign of the Globe, in Shandois Street in Covent Garden. London 1671.

This begins with an “Epistle Dedicatory” by Edm. Wingate and the Preface of John Kersey. The Table of Contents divides the whole book into three parts; one half of the first portion was Wingate’s and the other half was Kersey’s improvement upon Wingate, while nearly the whole of the second part and all the Appendix are comprised in “chapters that have been entirely composed by the said J. K.”
Undergraduate mathematics for the blind
Authors: Grattan-Guinness I. , Holliman Paul
Published: February 2017

At a time when the public conscience is being focussed on the disabled, it may be opportune to report on the experience gained at Middlesex Polytechnic between 1979 and 1982 in taking the student Paul Holliman, who has been blind from birth, through its B.Sc. degree in Mathematics for Business. This paper begins with some indications of the system of Brailling mathematics, in the form in which Holliman had learnt it and used in the course. Then the course itself is described, with especial reference to the problems faced in teaching and learning. Attention then switches to the available technology; its scope and limits, and the prospects for future development. A brief final section notes some of the conceptual difficulties which blindness causes.
W. J. Greenstreet
Authors: F. S. M.  , E. H. N.  , Anderson W. C. F.
Published: February 2017

My recollections of W. J. Greenstreet date back half a century when we were both undergraduates at Cambridge, but we did not become personally acquainted till many years later. He had a slightly stooping figure and kind protective face which dissolved any feeling of awe produced by his great strength and height, penetrating eyes, and full-grown beard. He had two inseparable friends, E. F. J. Love and G. F. Stout. When in company together they drew the attention of every one who saw them. They looked more like three generations than contemporaries, Greenstreet being plainly the responsible head and Stout the cheerful but inscrutable infant, while Love appeared to be more normal and rather embarrassed by the strangeness of his companions.
The Greenstreet Testimonial
Authors: C. P. E. H. N.
Published: February 2017

The total of the fund which was opened on the occasion of the 200th number of the Gazette was £270. Of this amount, £200 was given to Mr. Greenstreet in June of last year, and the balance, with a list of subscribers, in May of this year, when it became all but certain that the last contribution had been made. From the first it was impressed on Mr. Greenstreet that the desire of his friends was to add to his personal comforts. He arranged at once to take a much needed and much enjoyed holiday in the West country, a holiday of which he had previously been afraid to incur the expense.
Union and glueing of a family of Cohen-Macaulay partially ordered sets
Authors: Hibi Takayuki
Published: February 2017

By means of simple exact sequences in commutative algebra, we can derive some effective criteria for Cohen-Macaulay property of finite partially ordered sets.
"Genocide Denial" Laws as Secular Heresy: A Critical Analysis with Reference to Bosnia
Authors: Hayden Robert M.
Published: February 2017

“Heresy” is developed here as an analytical term for the criminalization of speech questioning the basic tenets of a belief system, such as internal criticisms of state socialism or denial of the applicability of the termgenocideto some mass crimes in a European Union that purports to make central the protection of human rights. European legislation to criminalize “genocide denial” is critiqued through a close analysis of international legal decisions dealing with whether “genocide” took place in the Bosnian war of 1992-95. Although granting both the facts as these courts found them and the serious criminality of the actions involved, Robert M. Hayden argues that calling them “genocide” broadens the definition of that term to the extent of losing the possibility of uniform application. Criminalizing “genocide denial” is thus not only contrary to principles of free speech and intellectual inquiry but manifests the same problem that Amnesty International identified in its reports in the 1980s on the vagueness of the “verbal crimes” provisions of the criminal laws of the formerly socialist countries. Hayden concludes that the punishment of heresy is a manifestation of power by a political elite that holds its values and assumptions to be immune from challenge.
Comment: In Support of the Legal Determination of Genocide
Authors: Wastell Sari
Published: February 2017

This comment responds to Robert M. Hayden's concerns by highlighting the importance of contextualizing definitions of genocide and by advocating that determinations of genocide be legally defined. Sari Wastell argues that legal determinations are contingent and contestable when established as “adjudicated facts,” that the law is the most appropriate venue for broaching these debates, and that the proposed genocide denial legislation that worries Hayden cannot target legitimate inquiry into the coherence of legal definitions of the crime of genocide. While reports, rumors, and accusations of genocidal activity might well be the impetus for the establishment of ad hoc tribunals such as the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, the existence of these international bodies is precisely aimed at determining the “truth” of these claims in a legal sense.
The Epoch of Magna: Capitalist Brands and Postsocialist Revolutions in Georgia
Authors: Manning Paul
Published: February 2017

In this article, Paul Manning explores the metaphoric and metonymic valuations of western brands as symbols of revolutionary change during the recent Rose Revolution and especially during the transition of the early 1990s in Georgia. Using an ethnographic reading of a Georgian novel about the early 1990s,The Dogs of Paliashvili Streetby Aka Morchiladze, Manning examines in detail how a single ubiquitous western brand of cigarettes, Magna—often deployed in opposition to local socialist brands like Kolkheti (“brand totemism“)—came to stand metaphorically as a “meta-symbol” for the period of the transition in Georgia as a whole, “the Epoch of Magna.” At the same time, the new capitalist conditions of consumption and the proliferation of western brands of cigarettes made differences between brands into metonymic resources for indexing emergent forms of social differentiation and transformed certain brands, like Marlboro, into indexes of the general collapse of public urban order after socialism (“brand fetishism”).
Settlement, Environment, and Politics in the San Bartolo-Xultun Territory, El Peten, Guatemala
Authors: Garrison Thomas G. , Dunning Nicholas P.
Published: February 2017

This article examines the cultural and ecological history of a single Maya territory from circa 1000 B.C. to A.D. 1100. An ancient Maya territory is defined as an area of land and population under the jurisdiction of a particular capital. In addition to the capital, there are minor centers, household groups, and temporary settlements, which together comprise the population of a territory. Here, the San Bartolo-Xultun territory in the northeastern Department of the Peten, Guatemala is used as a case study. During more than two thousand years of occupation the natural landscape and cultural settlement pattern changed dramatically. This study isolates major factors contributing to broad changes in local culture history by employing data from archaeology, geography, remote sensing, epigraphy, and iconography. It is argued that reconstructing regional culture histories using a conjunctive approach should be a major goal of Maya archaeology in the coming years as we strive for a more holistic understanding of the past.
Domestic Practice in Postclassic Santa Isabel, Nicaragua
Authors: McCafferty Geoffrey G.
Published: February 2017

Four seasons of excavation at the Santa Isabel site on the shore of Lake Nicaragua have recovered an extensive assemblage of material remains relating to Early Postclassic period (A.D. 800–1250) domestic practice. This paper reports initial project results, specifically relating to themes of architecture, foodways, specialized production, and belief systems. Exceptional preservation of organic materials such as faunal and botanical remains, as well as bone tools, permits an expansive description of the material culture relating to household level consumption. Through the intensive coverage of 5 ha of the site center, including 10 house mounds, we see that intra-site variation also reflects community organization. Finally, Santa Isabel presents potential for inferring cultural relationships between central Mexico (based on ethnohistorical accounts) and Greater Nicoya.
Varianza Ambiental y Estabilidad del Desarrollo en la Población Prehispánica de las Pirguas (Salta, Argentina)
Authors: Medeot Erica A. , Cocilovo José A. , Varela Héctor H.
Published: February 2017

Estudios anteriores basados en indicadores osteológicos comprobaron la existencia de un alto impacto ambiental afectando el crecimiento y desarrollo normal de los habitantes de Las Pirguas (Salta), un grupo del período agroalfarero del noroeste argentino (aproximadamente 600 d.C.), por la acción de factores nutricionales y socioculturales. Puesto que tales condiciones de vida tienen que haber comprometido además la estabilidad del desarrollo de los individuos, es apropiada su evaluación mediante el análisis de la repetibilidad (r) de mediciones bilaterales del cráneo y de su complemento (1 - r) la varianza ambiental especial. Se empleó una muestra de 60 individuos y la observación de 21 variables bilaterales del cráneo, habiéndose controlado el error intraobservador. Los resultados indican la existencia de diferencias bilaterales significativas a favor del lado derecho en las dimensiones: NA-FMO, PT-FMT, BRE-AS y PO-BRE, mientras que las restantes variables presentan promedios semejantes. Los individuos adultos poseen una repetibilidad media (.744 ± .025), menor en un 19.3 por ciento a la de los infantiles (.922 ± .013), y comparativamente más baja con respecto a otras poblaciones del Área Andina Centro Meridional. Estos resultados confirman el perfil de vida marginal y de extremas exigencias ambientales bajo las cuales vivió esta población.
Comentario Sobre “Montículos de la Cuenca de la Laguna Merín: Tiempo, Espacio, y Sociedad”
Authors: Iriarte José , Holst Irene , Marozzi Oscar , Listotad Claudia , Alonso Eduardo , Rinderknecht Andrés , Montaña Juan
Published: February 2017

En el apéndice de su articulo reciente, Bracco (2006:511-540) realiza una serie de comentarios e interpretaciones de la evidencia científica interdisciplinaria producida por nuestro equipo en el sitio de Los Ajos en el sureste de Uruguay. Entre otras cosas, Bracco nos imputa: (a) de haber retrocedido la problemática de investigación en el área veinte años atrás, (b) de desconocer los trabajos anteriores realizados en la región, (c) de forzar nuestros datos paleoambientales a la secuencia cultural, y (d) de alegar, sin evidencia, la naturaleza doméstica de los montículos durante el período Montículo Precerámico en Los Ajos. En este comentario, nosotros respondemos a las alegaciones de Bracco.