bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of Perfotran at Conservative Treatment of Early Stages of Femoral Head Avascular Necrosis
Authors: Prokhorenko V. M , Shusharin A. G , Polovinka M. P
Published: October 2020

Conservative treatment results are presented for 328 patients with I-II stages of femoral head avascular necrosis (FHAN) at 3 years follow up term. Uni- or bilateral coxarthrosis was observed in 157 patients. Patients were on intraarticular injections of perfotran (1st group; n=102) or perfotran+dimexide mixture (2nd group; n=226). Clinical and functional hip joint condition was evaluated by Harris Hip Score. Positive dynamics was noted in all patients however in group 2 it was more marked: absence of negative dynamics was recorded in 204 (90.2%) patients; restorative process, by MRI examination results, was noted in 105 (46.5%) patients; significant reduction of pain syndrome was achieved. Algorithm for the management of patients with early stages of FHAN was proposed.
Early Results of Clinical Use of Artromedullary Shunting in Degenerative Dystrophic Knee Joint Diseases
Authors: Tatarenkov V. I , Maksimov S. M , Bulgakov V. G , Gavryushenko N. S , Martynov D. V , Nechiporuk A. P , Shal’nev A. N
Published: October 2020

Results of comparative study with participation of 69 patients (42-80 years old) with degenerative dystrophic changes of the knee joint are presented. In control group (n=46) only arthroscopic debridement was performed. In the main group (n=23) arthroscopic intervention was supplemented with insertion of arthromedullar implant that ensured the penetration of intraosseous content (artromedullary shunting) into joint cavity. Outcomes were evaluated in 3 and 6 months after surgery by KOOS scale and Leken algo-functional index. Positive dynamic that was observed in both groups within the first 3 months persisted in future and more significant changes were noted in patients from the main group (p
Results of Thoracoplasty via Small Incisions with Fixation of Sternocostal Complex by Shape Memory Metal Plate in Funnel Chest Deformity
Authors: Korolyov P. A , Kozhevnikov O. V , Rudakov S. S , Kolerov M. Yu , Lysikov V. A
Published: October 2020

Long-term results of radical thoracoplasty via small incisions with fixation of sternocostal complex by shape memory metal plate were studied. Total number of 263 patients, aged 2.5 - 45 years, with funnel chest deformity (FCD) were operated using that technique. Out of them 118 patients were under 18 years and 145 - over 18 years. In adult patients in children good results were achieved in 97.7% and 90.5% of cases, respectively. During the process of plate removal in children it was possible to correct residual chest deformity and achieve good results. In childhood radical thoracoplasty is indicated only to the patients with severe 2-3 stages of FCD and “least” FCD forms should be corrected at the mature age.
Surgical Approaches at Treatment of Intraarticular Fractures of Elbow Joint Bones
Authors: Kalantyrskaya V. A , Golubev I. O
Published: October 2020

Description of the most common approaches used in intraarticular fractures of elbow joint bones is presented. Advantages and disadvantages of every approach are noted. Preferences of the authors in the choice of specific approach are indicated and substantiated.
Our Experience in Treatment of Patients with Acute Traumatic Lateral Patellar Dislocation
Authors: Korolyov A. V , Afanas’ev A. P , Gerasimov D. O , Ryazantsev M. Yu
Published: October 2020

Treatment results for 38 patients aged 18-45 years with acute traumatic lateral patellar dislocation are presented. In 2 months after arthroscopic intervention 3 intraarticular injections of synovial fluid substitute were performed to all patients. Results were assessed by IKDS questionnaires and Tegner Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale in 2 (prior to injections), 6 and 9 months after operation. Mean point by IKDC scale made up 38±2.1 before surgery, 56±3.5 in two months, 73±3.7 in 6 and 85±3.4 in 9 months (p
History of the Organization of Medical Care during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 (in commemoration for the 70th anniversary of the Victory)
Authors: Knopov M. SH , Taranukha V. K
Published: October 2020

Success in the treatment of wounded and patients in the medical and sanitary battalions, army and front-line base hospitals as well as on the home front was secured by realization of the system of step-by-step treatment with evacuation when indicated. Creation and application of that principally new advanced system of treatment-and-evacuation provision for combat operations was the great achievement of native public health and military medical service. Studies of many talented scientists in the field of treatment of gunshot wound, penetrating wounds, gunshot fractures of the extremities, wound complications as well as elaboration of diagnostic and treatment methods for wounded played an important role in the creation of the system for rendering adequate medical care.
Effects of Stormwater Management and an Extended Culvert on Stream Health in Dug Run, Allen County, Ohio, USA
Authors: Zuwerink David A. , Petty James , Seibert Beth
Published: October 2020

Changes in stream hydrology and habitat—associated with urbanization—have impacted diversity, abundance, and movement of both macroinvertebrates and fish. In 2008 the University of Northwestern Ohio began developing the western half of the campus, incorporating stormwater management practices. This provided an opportunity to examine 3 sections of the Dug Run stream that flows through campus: 1 section on the western half of campus that filters stormwater through the soil, and 2 sections on the eastern half of campus which are affected by both urbanization and a culvert that extends under a building and a road. Significant differences in macroinvertebrate Stream Quality Monitoring (SQM) index scores ( p < 0.001), fish diversity ( p < 0.010), and abundance of Orangethroat Darters (Etheostoma spectabile) ( p < 0.001) were observed between the western and the 2 eastern sections of Dug Run. Lower SQM index scores and lower Orangethroat Darter abundances were found in the urbanized sections of the stream, while lower fish diversity numbers were found upstream of the culvert. The western portion of campus, designed to filter stormwater runoff through the soil, was the only section studied with sensitive macroinvertebrates, a higher SQM index score, and a greater abundance of Orangethroat Darters.
Influência das agências de financiamento às políticas públicas de planejamento urbano
Authors: Camara Inara Pagnussat , Kujawa Henrique
Published: October 2020

Os agentes da produção do espaço urbano sofrem influência de interesses e conflitos que envolvem instituições e setores do mercado e do Estado inerentes ao diferentes dos modelos de desenvolvimento. Para que haja melhorias na qualidade urbana, políticas públicas são necessárias com o intuito de criar – ou recriar – espaços. As políticas que auxiliam na transformação do espaço urbano possuem contornos conceituais poucos significativos e com inúmeros problemas, de naturezas diversas, seja à definição de tributos, efetivação, perspectivas, controle ou avaliação de resultados. Dessa forma, torna-se necessário compreender a relação mutável dos espaços com a cidade, a vida urbana e a “mão invisível do mercado” que é o capital que emerge fora das relações sociais. Esta pesquisa analisa a relação entre as políticas públicas e o BID - financiador para a requalificação do Parque da Gare, influenciando economicamente, socialmente e politicamente na cidade de Passo Fundo, RS. A metodologia é exploratória descritiva, iniciando com a revisão bibliográfica e analisando dados do processo de financiamento da Gare. Diante desta pesquisa, percebemos a forte influência que o mercado do capital tem sobre o desenho e planejamento urbano, reorganizando diretrizes e leis locais.
Computational studies of some benzothiazinone-pepirazine derivatives and lipase b inhibitor for mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Muhammad Yakubu Ya'u , Uzairu Adamu
Published: October 2020

Computational technique was employed on Benzothiazinone-pepirazine derivatives as dominant anti-mycobacterium tuberculosis. The compound structures were drawn with the aid of chemdraw 3D Pro 12.1.0V and optimized was employed using DFT   method applying B3LYP with the 6-31G? basis set. Genetic Function Approximation (GFA) was employed to form five models. Model 1 was sorted out based on model validation parameters and found to be significant with R2 value of 0.948605, R2adj(adjusted correlation coefficient) value of 0.934329, QLoo(Cross validation coefficient)  value 0.892724 and R2pred value of  0.658537. The docking studies showed that the ligand 6, 7 and 18 has the highest binding affinities of 10.5, 10.4, 10.3 k/mole are the most vital compounds among the binding scores. Ligand 6 being among the ligands with the highest binding affinity (-10.5 k/mole) was found to be more potent than other compounds. Stability and Robustness the model highlight the way for designing latest Benzothiazinone-pepirazine analogue with better activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Caracterização de filmes poliméricos com adição de polpa de pitaya vermelha (Hylocerus Polyrhizus)
Authors: Koury Abreu Júllia , Reis Arlete Barbosa
Published: October 2020

A Pitaya é um fruto de cactos epífitos do gênero Hylocereus, podendo ser encontradas mais facilmente em território brasileiro em duas diferentes espécies: Pitaya Branca (Hylocereus undatus) casca vermelha e polpa branca e a pitaya vermelha (Hylocerus Polyrhizus) e polpa vermelha. O objetivo do trabalho foi confeccionar filmes poliméricos com adição de polpa de pitaya vermelha afim de detectar possíveis propriedades da polpa que ao serem inseridas nos filmes, dê ao mesmo características relevantes para futuras confecções de embalagens ativas. Foram confeccionadas três formulações distintas: a primeira formulação contendo somente quitosana 2% (em massa); a segunda formulação contendo quitosana 2% acrescido de 1mL de polpa; a terceira formulação contendo quitosana 2%, acrescida de 5mL de polpa. Afim de realizar a caracterização das três formulações de filmes, foram realizadas as seguintes análises: Espessura, Permeabilidade ao Vapor D’água (PVA), teor de umidade e solubilidade em água. Ao final, observou-se que a adição de diferentes concentrações de polpa alterou as características dos filmes biopoliméricos.
Tendencias de la investigación sobre síntomas de trastornos mentales durante la pandemia por COVID-19
Authors: Martínez Gómez Jorge Arturo , Bolívar Suárez Yolima , Yanez Peñúñuri Libia Yanelli , Rey Anacona César Armando
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: Realizar una revisión sistemática de la tendencia de investigación sobre sín­tomas de trastornos mentales durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Métodos: Se recuperaron artículos publicados entre el 31 de diciembre 2019 y el 3 de mayo 2020, en Pubmed, SCOPUS, EBSCO, PsycINFO, Science Direct, Redalyc y Web of Science, seleccionando, conforme a la metodología PRISMA, un total de 16 artículos, al descartarse duplicados o estudios no empíricos. Resultados: La mayoría se realizaron en China, el tamaño de la muestra osciló entre 20 y 7236 participantes, en su mayoría adolescentes y adultos, entre 12 a 80 años, con muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. La tendencia de los síntomas y trastornos más estudiados fueron ansiedad (28%), depresión (23%), estrés (15.3%), trastorno del sueño-vigilia (9.6%) y trastorno por estrés postraumático (5.7%), asociados con el consu­mo de sustancias psicoactivas, bajo rendimiento académico, pérdida de trabajo, calidad del sueño, bajo autocuidado y baja percepción del estado de salud durante la pandemia. Conclusiones: Los síntomas y trastornos de ansiedad, depresión y estrés son los más frecuentes. Algunas limitaciones son la ausencia de medición previa a la pandemia o cuarentena y el uso de muestreo no aleatorio, para hacer generalización de resultados. Es necesario formular investigaciones de intervención para mitigar el impacto psicológico. Los sistemas de salud deben ofrecer programas de prevención y de promoción de la salud, que consideren factores psicosociales dirigidos a la población general, pacientes y personal sanitario, para disminuir la prevalencia de estas dificultades, en particular, para Iberoamérica, en donde es escasa la producción científica al respecto.
Ácido 2-4 diclorofenoxiacético, un herbicida olvidado: reporte de dos casos
Authors: Correa García María Helena , Zuluaga Ramírez Cindy , Berrouet Mejía Marie Claire
Published: October 2020

Los plaguicidas están entre las principales causas de intoxicación por sustancias químicas en Colombia. Entre ellos se cuentan herbicidas como el paraquat, el glifosato y el ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D). Este último es uno de los herbicidas más usados en el mundo y la intoxicación por causa de este tiene una presentación similar a la intoxicación por inhibidores de la colinesterasa. El abordaje clínico de la intoxicación por 2,4-D es un reto para el primer respondiente, pues el cuadro sintomático es amplio dados los diferentes efectos de la sustancia, entre los que están el gastrointestinal, el metabólico, el renal, el neurológico, y, por supuesto, el toxicológico. Si bien la alcalinización urinaria es una piedra angular del manejo, cada vez hay más información sobre la efectividad y seguridad del uso de la hemodiálisis en casos graves. En este reporte se presentan los casos de dos pacientes con ingesta de 2,4-D, los únicos reportados en Colombia.
Intoxicación por paraquat y convulsiones: a propósito de un caso en una institución de salud de Pasto, Nariño
Authors: Rivera Ordóñez Andrés Camilo , Mora Benítez Diego Andrés , Ordóñez Zarama Yalila Andrea
Published: October 2020

Caso clínico de un hombre de 20 años, procedente de área rural de un municipio de Nariño, que consulta a un centro de salud después de 36 horas de haber ingerido de modo no intencional 20-30 mL de gramoxone (dicloruro de paraquat) mientras estaba en estado de embriaguez, con síntomas digestivos, hiperbilirrubinemia, elevación de azoados, leucocitosis y neutrofilia, por lo que es referido a un hospital de alta complejidad en la ciudad de Pasto. Durante su hospitalización, presenta epistaxis, falla renal con requerimiento de hemodiálisis, quemaduras orales, hipertermia y dos episodios de crisis convulsivas tónico-clónico generalizadas. Se toman paraclínicos: azoados, gases arteriales, electrolitos, glicemia, entre otros, cuyos resultados se enmarcan dentro de la normalidad durante los episodios convulsivos. Es relevante proporcionar elementos para construir un criterio clínico que explique el compromiso neurológico, ya que, es raro y complejo en intoxicaciones por herbicidas como el paraquat.
Factores salariales y emocionales asociados a la satisfacción laboral en Colombia en el 2018
Authors: Giraldo-Osorio Marcela , Giraldo-Osorio Juan Diego
Published: October 2020

This article aims to study the relationship and level of association between the money components and emotional factors in the Colombian workers, to determine which of them have a negative or positive impact on the job satisfaction of people with a wage employment. Data were taken from the National Survey of Life Quality (ECV) 2018, carried out by the statistics agency DANE. According to the results, satisfaction among the Colombian workers is directly related to both money and emotional factors. Likewise, this relationship was found to be negative. It is explained due to factors such as not to earn any extra wage or bonuses, psychological pressures, long workdays, or inappropriate working environment. In addition, in Colombia being part of an ethnic group is associated with a reduced job satisfaction
The Structure of the Membrane Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Resembles the Sugar Transporter SemiSWEET
Authors: Thomas Sunil
Published: October 2020

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the disease COVID-19 that has decimated the health and economy of our planet. The virus causes the disease not only in people but also in companion and wild animals. People with diabetes are at risk of the disease. As yet we do not know why the virus has been highly successful in causing the pandemic within 3 months of its first report. The structural proteins of SARS include membrane glycoprotein (M), envelope protein (E), nucleocapsid protein (N), and the spike protein (S). Methods: The structure and function of the most abundant structural protein of SARS-CoV-2, the membrane (M) glycoprotein, is not fully understood. Using in silico analyses we determined the structure and potential function of the M protein. Results: The M protein of SARS-CoV-2 is 98.6% similar to the M protein of bat SARS-CoV, maintains 98.2% homology with pangolin SARS-CoV, and has 90% homology with the M protein of SARS-CoV; whereas, the similarity is only 38% with the M protein of MERS-CoV. In silico analyses showed that the M protein of SARS-CoV-2 has a triple helix bundle, forms a single 3-transmembrane domain, and is homologous to the prokaryotic sugar transport protein SemiSWEET. SemiSWEETs are related to the PQ-loop family whose members function as cargo receptors in vesicle transport, mediate movement of basic amino acids across lysosomal membranes, and are also involved in phospholipase flippase function. Conclusions: The advantage and role of the M protein having a sugar transporter-like structure is not clearly understood. The M protein of SARS-CoV-2 interacts with S, E, and N protein. The S protein of the virus is glycosylated. It could be hypothesized that the sugar transporter-like structure of the M protein influences glycosylation of the S protein. Endocytosis is critical for the internalization and maturation of RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Sucrose is involved in endosome and lysosome maturation and may also induce autophagy, pathways that help in the entry of the virus. Overall, it could be hypothesized that the SemiSWEET sugar transporter-like structure of the M protein may be involved in multiple functions that may aid in the rapid proliferation, replication, and immune evasion of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Biological experiments would validate the presence and function of the SemiSWEET sugar transporter.
INUNDAÇÃO E EROSÃO NA COSTA NORTE DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL - BRASIL. ESTUDO DE CASO: A MARÉ METEOROLÓGICA DE OUTUBRO DE 2016
Authors: Vianna Humberto Dias , Calliari Lauro Julio , Vianna Saionara Dias
Published: October 2020

Marés meteorológicas são comuns na costa do Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Geralmente, esses eventos provocam erosão costeira. Eventos responsáveis simultaneamente por erosão e inundação expressiva são pouco frequentes. Analisa-se aqui que um estudo de caso de uma maré meteorológica que provocou erosão costeira e uma inundação incomum no litoral norte do RS. O assunto é enfocado no sentido de verificar a situação meteo-oceanográfica e os impactos associados ao fenômeno. Dados de ventos, ondas e nível foram utilizados. Fotos e vídeos do evento serviram para a identificação das altitudes inundadas, em Modelos Digitais de Superfície, e para a reconstituição da maré meteorológica no pacote Simulate Water Level Rise/Flooding, do software Global Mapper V.15. Perdas sedimentares foram estimadas para um balneário planejado e outro sem planejamento, a partir de fotos aéreas levantadas com veículo aéreo não tripulado. O evento teve duração superior a 48 horas. Os ventos atingiram velocidades médias máximas de 42 km/h e as rajadas chegaram a 93 km/h. A altura significativa das ondas atingiu 9,5 m, e a máxima 14,8 m. Os volumes erodidos foram de 0,54 m³/m e 3,54 m³/m respectivamente para o balneário planejado e o sem planejamento algum. Altitudes médias de 2,00 m foram inundadas e as águas ultrapassaram 200 m além das dunas frontais. A reconstrução do evento demonstrou que os balneários adjacentes às desembocaduras foram os mais impactados.
Binary Black Hole Information Loss Paradox & Future Prospects
Authors: Mitra Ayan , Chattopadhyay Pritam , Paul Goutam , Zarikas Vasilios
Published: October 2020

Various techniques to tackle the black hole information paradox have been proposed. A new way out to tackle the paradox is via the use of pseudo-density operator. This approach has successfully dealt the problem with a two-qubit entangle system for a single black hole. In this paper, we present the interaction with a binary black hole system by using an arrangement of the three-qubit system of Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state. We show that our results are in excellent agreement with the theoretical value. We have also studied the interaction between the two black holes by considering the correlation between the qubits in the binary black hole system. The results depict a complete agreement with the proposed model. In addition to the verification, we also propose how modern detection of gravitational waves can be used on our optical setup as an input source, thus bridging the gap with the gravitational wave’s observational resources in terms of studying black hole properties with respect to quantum information and entanglement.
Study of The Effect of Sugar and Lime Juice Proportion on the Quality of Starf Ruit Sorbet
Authors: Seftiono Hermawan , Panjaitan Gracecilia Yohanna , Sumiasih Inanpi Hidayati
Published: October 2020

Star fruit is a non-seasonal fruit that can be harvested three to four times a year. One possible way to process a star fruit is to make it into sorbet. Additional ingredients such as sugar and lime juice will help improve the quality of star fruit sorbet. The purpose of this study was to acquire the best formulation of honey star fruit sorbet by adding sugar and lime juice and to find out the effect of different concentration of sugar and lime juice on the level of predilection, physical traits, level of vitamin C, and antioxidants activity. This study consisted of two phases; the production of lime essence in phase one and the making of star fruit sorbet in phase two as the main study. The result of best formulations selected based on organoleptic test of panellists’ level of predilection were formulation of 150 g sugar + 30 g lime, 90 g sugar + 60 g lime, and 120 g sugar + 60 g lime. Analysis of variance results indicated different formulation of star fruit sorbet had significant effect (P<0.05) on colour, flavour, aroma, and overall but showed no difference on the texture of star fruit sorbet. Overall, the best formulation was 150 g sugar + 30 g lime juice with overrun score of 23.52%, pH 4.20, sugar content of 26.85 oBrix, melting time of 43.16 minutes, vitamin C content of 0.968 mg, and antioxidant activity of 320.86 ppm.Keyword: antioxidant activity; hedonic test; organoleptic test.
Transient Diagnosis of Fines Migration Integrating Core Testing and Numerical Reservoir Modeling
Authors: Pan Yan , Manley Timothy S. , Li Yan , Karazincir Oya A. , Descant Frank , Williams Wade
Published: October 2020

To manage well productivity, an effort was undertaken to identify fines migration by means of transient diagnosis, quantify its effect on productivity, model the production history, and forecast well performance. Because of its distinguishable transient behavior, mechanical fines migration can be identified among other factors that contribute to productivity decline. Pressure transient analysis (PTA), production data analysis (PDA), laboratory experiments, and numerical-flow-simulation techniques were used to understand the physics of fines migration, quantify its characteristic parameters, validate the model with production history, and verify its efficacy in a field application. Results are consistent with laboratory observations, synthetic studies leveraging a geomechanics reservoir simulator, and field data for moderate to severe fines migration.

A new integrated approach was developed to accurately identify and depict declining productivity caused by fines migration through PTA, core testing, and reservoir flow modeling. Previous research has proposed a permeability-reduction flow function that correlates with extended coreflood data to predict the key parameters that characterize the fines-migration effects: critical velocity, permeability-reduction rate, and ultimate residual permeability. From the transient-behavior observations on wells experiencing fines migration, the obvious damage is represented by a positive skin as a function of time in the near-wellbore region. This concurs with the realization that interstitial velocity decreases with the distance from the wellbore. For severe fines migration observed in both synthetic cases and field data, two permeability regions could be identified and described by a radial composite model allowing the damage radius and the average permeabilities of each zone be estimated. Incorporation of a new technique, which correlates the skin-time function with the fines-migration flow relation, enables the calculation of key parameter ranges. These can be integrated with coreflood data for use as initial values in numerical reservoir modeling, potentially simplifying history-matching efforts before performance forecast.

The novelty of this workflow is in the ability to identify and quantify the potential influence of mechanical fines migration with PTA and PDA techniques, and incorporation of the fines-migration flow relation to estimate the ranges of the characteristic parameters used in numerical modeling. Understanding the impact of fines migration on well productivity allows engineers to more accurately predict production decline, identify the benefit of remediation, and select optimal development strategies.
Quantification ofSorReduction during Polymer Flooding Using Extensional Capillary Number
Authors: Azad Madhar Sahib , Trivedi Japan J.
Published: October 2020

Since the introduction of viscous/capillary concepts by Moore and Slobod (1956), several modifications and advancements have been made to the capillary number (Nc) so that it could have a better correlation with residual oil saturation (Sor) during enhanced oil recovery (EOR). In subsequent years, laboratory-scale studies have indicated that the viscoelastic polymers can influence the Sor reduction at relatively higher fluxes and Nc. Although the flux rate of at least 1 ft/D is reported to be needed for viscoelastic polymers to reduce Sor to a noticeable extent, significant Sor reductions were reported to occur only at higher fluxes that are likely to be seen in the reservoir closer to the wellbore. At similar levels of flux and Nc, the polymer solutions with significant elastic properties have shown higher Sor reduction than viscous polymer of similar shear rheology. However, the existing models used for correlating the polymer’s viscoelastic effect on Sor reduction relies on either core-scale Nc and/or the oscillatory Deborah number (De). De also has limitations in quantifying the polymer’s viscoelastic effects at different salinities.

In this paper, a modified capillary number called an extensional capillary number (Nce) is developed using the localized pore-scale extensional viscosity. For viscoelastic polymer solutions, pore-scale apparent viscosity dominated by localized extensional viscosity is calculated to be significantly higher than core-scale apparent viscosity. We provide rheological insights using the variable-strain-rate concept to explain why and when the pore-scale apparent viscosity could become significantly higher, even at a flux of approximately 1 to 4 ft/D, and why it will not be reflected on the core-scale apparent viscosity or pressure drop. An exponential correlation was developed between Nce and Sor using the extensive coreflood experimental data sets extracted from various literature. Performance of Nce for predicting the viscoelastic polymer’s residual oil recovery is compared with conventional Nc, De, and a recent correlation. The results show that newly developed Nce can predict the Sor during polymer flooding for a wide range of operational and petrophysical conditions, including brine-salinity effects.
End-of-life care for people with advanced dementia and pain: A qualitative study in Swedish nursing homes
Authors: Lundin Emma , Godskesen Tove
Published: October 2020

Background Of the Swedish people with advanced dementia, the majority die in nursing homes. Unresolved pain can occur in people with a terminal illness such as dementia. However, pain management in people with advanced dementia is often suboptimal and inadequate, with fewer palliative care interventions than offered to cancer patients. Although they are largely responsible for the care of these people, few studies have addressed the experiences of registered nurses in this respect. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the experiences of nurses in caring for people with advanced dementia and pain at the end of life.Methods The study had a descriptive explorative design. Individual qualitative, semi-structured interviews were carried out with thirteen nurses from twelve nursing homes in Sweden. The results were analysed using thematic content analysis.Results The nurses described communicative, relational and organisational challenges. One major issue involved difficulties in communicating with the person with advanced dementia, resulting in uncertain pain assessment. Other difficulties involved the differentiation of pain from anxiety, the balance of benefits and risks with morphine administration, and the creation of good relationships with healthcare personnel and the persons’ relatives. Relatives can greatly affect the assessment and management of pain, both because of their ability to interpret pain behaviour and by questioning the care given. Good pain management was facilitated by good communication and relationships with healthcare staff and relatives, extensive professional nursing experience, and already knowing the person with advanced dementia.Conclusions This study highlights the need for nursing homes to employ specialist nurses who have been trained in the appropriate knowledge and skills to deal with the challenges of end-of-life care for people with advanced dementia and pain. Additionally, there should be resources and strategies available for providing information to family members and for involving them in the decision-making process, as they are often unfamiliar with the multitude of considerations involved in decisions such as whether to administer morphine or not.
Knowledge About Diabetic Retinopathy, Eye Check-Up Practice And Associated Factors Among Adult Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Attending At Debark Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Tegegne Mebratu Muusew , Assem Abel Sinshaw , Alemu Destaye Shiferaw , Woredekal Asamere Tsegaw , Tefera Tsehay Kassa
Published: October 2020

Background:Routine eye examination plays a vital role in detecting diabetic retinopathy in its earliest stage before the onset of blindness. Patients’ knowledge about the nature and the consequences of diabetic retinopathy and routine eye checkup helps in timely identification and early treatment. However, there is limited evidence on knowledge of patients with diabetes mellitus on diabetic retinopathy and their eye check-up practices in Ethiopia.The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, eye check-up practice and associated factors of diabetic retinopathy among adult diabetic patients at Debark hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.Methods: Institution based cross – sectional study was conducted at Debark hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, from April 20/2018- May 20/2018. A pretested interviewer administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data among 230 diabetic patients aged 18 years and above. Data were entered in to Epi Info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were done. Odds ratio with 95% confidence level was determined and variables with p–value of < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.Result: Out of 238 sample 230 were participated, among this, 119 (51.7%) were males. The mean age of the respondents was 49 (SD ±17.6) years. One hundred nine (47.4%) participants had good knowledge and 91 (39.6%) had good eye check-up practice. Urban residence [AOR= 2.65;95% CI: 1.16-6.07)]), monthly income of 3501-8000 birr [AOR=4.54;(1.31-15.7)], type II diabetes mellitus [AOR=3.9;(1.6-9.6)], duration of diabetes (6-12 years[AOR=4.4;(1.4-13.5)]), history of eye disease [AOR=5.5;(2.3-13.0)] were associated with good knowledge. Similarly, longer duration of diabetes (13-25 years [AOR=3.77; (1.05-13.5)]) and history of eye disease [AOR=2.47; (1.09-5.62)] were associated with good eye check-up practice. Conclusion: The proportion of good knowledge about diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients at Debark hospital was fair (47.4%) and good eye check-up practice (eye examination at least once in the past year) was low (39.6%). Longer duration of diabetes and history of eye disease were identified as positive factors for good knowledge and eye check-up practice. Knowledge and regular eye check-up practice needs to be enhanced through provision of appropriate health education.
Increased Association of Deamidated αA-N101D with Lens Membrane of Transgenic αAN101D vs. Wild Type αA Mice: Potential Effects on Intracellular Ionic Imbalance and Membrane Disorganization
Authors: Srivast Om , Srivast Kiran , Joseph Roy , Wilson Landon
Published: October 2020

We have generated two mouse models, in one by inserting the human lens αAN101D transgene in CRYαAN101D mice, and in the other by inserting human wild-type αA-transgene in CRYαAWT mice. The CRYαAN101D mice developed cortical cataract at about 7-months of age relative to CRYαAWT mice. The objective of the study was to determine the following relative changes in the lenses of CRYαAN101D- vs. CRYαAWT mice: age-related changes with specific emphasis on protein insolubilization, relative membrane-association of αAN101D vs. WTαA proteins, and changes in intracellular ionic imbalance and membrane organization. Methods: Lenses of varying ages from CRYαAWT and CRYαAN101D mice were compared for an age-related protein insolubilization. The relative lens membrane-association of the αAN101D- and WTαA proteins in the two types of mice was determined by immunohistochemical-, immunogold-labeling-, and western blot analyses. The relative levels of membrane-binding of recombinant αAN101D- and WTαA proteins was determined by an in vitro assay, and the levels of intracellular Ca2+ uptake and Na, K-ATPase mRNA were determined in the cultured epithelial cells from lenses of the two types of mice.Results: Compared to the lenses of CRYαAWT, the lenses of CRYαAN101D mice exhibited: (A) An increase in age-related protein insolubilization beginning at about 4-months of age. (B) A greater lens membrane-association of αAN101D- relative to WTαA protein during immunogold-labeling- and western blot analyses, including relatively a greater membrane swelling in the CRYαAN101D lenses. (C) During in vitro assay, the greater levels of binding αAN101D- relative to WTαA protein to membranes was observed. (D) The 75% lower level of Na, K-ATPase mRNA but 1.5X greater Ca2+ uptake was observed in cultured lens epithelial cells of CRYαAN101D- than those of CRYαAWT mice. Conclusions: The results show that an increased lens membrane association of αAN101D--relative WTαA protein in CRYαAN101D mice than CRYαAWT mice occurs, which causes intracellular ionic imbalance, and in turn, membrane swelling that potentially leads to cortical opacity.
Comparing Multiple Statistical Software for Multiple-Indicator, Multiple-Cause Modeling: An Application of Gender Disparity in Adult Cognitive Functioning Using MIDUS II Dataset
Authors: Chang Chi , Gardiner Joseph , Houang Richard T , Yu Yan-Liang
Published: October 2020

Background The Multiple-indicator, multiple-cause model (MIMIC) incorporates covariates of interest in the factor analysis is a special case of structural equation modeling (SEM), which is modeled under latent variable framework. The MIMIC model provides rigorous results and becomes broadly available in multiple statistical software. The current study introduces the MIMIC model and how it can be implemented using statistical software packages SAS CALIS procedure, R lavaan package, and Mplus version 8.0. Methods In this paper, we first discussed the formulation of the MIMIC model with regard to model specification and identification. We then demonstrated the empirical application of the MIMIC model with the Midlife in the United States II (MIDUS II) Study (N=4,109) using SAS CALIS procedure, R lavaan package and Mplus version 8.0 to examine gender disparities in cognitive functioning. The input, output, and diagram syntaxes of the three statistical software packages were also presented.Results In terms of data structure, all three statistical programs can be conducted using both raw data and empirical covariance matrix. SAS and R are comprehensive statistical analytic packages and encompass numerous data manipulation capacities. Mplus is designed primarily for latent variable modeling and has far more modeling flexibility compared to SAS and R, but limited in data manipulation. Differences in model results from the three statistical programs are trivial. Overall, the results show that while men show better performance in executive function than women, women demonstrate better episodic memory than men.Conclusions Our study demonstrates the utility of the MIMIC model in its empirical application, fitted with three popular statistical software packages. Results from our models align with empirical findings from previous research. We provide coding procedures and examples with detailed explanations in the hopes of providing a concise tutorial for researchers and methodologists interested in incorporating latent constructs with multiple indicators and multiple covariates in their research projects. Future researchers are encouraged to adopt this flexible and rigorous modeling approach.
Comparison of Out-of-pocket Expenditure and Catastrophic Health Expenditure for Severe Disease by the Health Security System: Based on End-stage Renal Disease in South Korea
Authors: Shin Sun Mi , Lee Hee Woo
Published: October 2020

Background: Korea's health security system named the National Health Insurance and Medical Aid has revolutionized the nation's mandatory health insurance and continues to reduce excessive copayments. However, few studies have examined healthcare utilization and expenditure by the health security system for severe diseases. This study looked at reverse discrimination regarding end-stage renal disease by the National Health Insurance and Medical Aid.Methods: A total of 305 subjects were diagnosed with end-stage renal disease in the Korea Health Panel from 2008 to 2013. Chi-square, t-test, and ANCOVA were conducted to identify the healthcare utilization rate, out-of-pocket expenditure, and the prevalence of catastrophic expenditure. Mixed effect panel analysis was used to evaluate total out-of-pocket expenditure by the National Health Insurance and Medical Aid over a 6-year period.Results: There were no significant differences in the healthcare utilization rate for emergency room visits, admissions, or outpatient department visits between the National Health Insurance and Medical Aid because these healthcare services were essential for individuals with serious diseases, such as end-stage renal disease. Meanwhile, each out-of-pocket expenditure for an admission and the outpatient department by the National Health Insurance was 2.6 and 3.1 times higher than that of Medical Aid (P<0.05). The total out-of-pocket expenditure, including that for emergency room visits, admission, outpatient department visits, and prescribed drugs, was 2.9 times higher for the National Health Insurance than Medical Aid (P<0.001). Over a 6-year period, in terms of total of out-of-pocket expenditure, subjects with the National Health Insurance spent more than those with Medical Aid (P<0.01). If the total household income decile was less than the median and subjects were covered by the National Health Insurance, the catastrophic health expenditure rate was 92.2%, but it was only 58.8% for Medical Aid (P<0.001).Conclusion: Individuals with serious diseases, such as end-stage renal disease, can be faced with reverse discrimination depending on the type of insurance that is provided by the health security system. It is necessary to consider individuals who have National Health Insurance but are still poor.
Variation in the expression of a transmembrane protein influences cell growth in Arabidopsis thaliana petals by altering auxin responses.
Authors: Miller Charlotte N. , Dumenil Jack , Lu Fu Hao , Smith Caroline , McKenzie Neil , Chapman Volodymyr , Ball Joshua , Box Mathew , Bevan Michael Webster
Published: October 2020

Background. The same species of plant can exhibit very diverse sizes and shapes of organs that are genetically determined. Characterising genetic variation underlying this morphological diversity is an important objective in evolutionary studies and it also helps identify the functions of genes influencing plant growth and development. Extensive screens of mutagenised Arabidopsis populations have identified multiple genes and mechanisms affecting organ size and shape, but relatively few studies have exploited the rich diversity of natural populations to identify genes involved in growth control. Results. We screened a relatively well characterised collection of Arabidopsis thaliana accessions for variation in petal size. Association analyses identified sequence and gene expression variation on chromosome 4 that made a substantial contribution to differences in petal area. Variation in the expression of a previously uncharacterised gene At4g16850 (named as KSK) had a substantial role on variation in organ size by influencing cell size. Over-expression of KSK led to larger petals with larger cells and promoted the formation of stamenoid features. The expression of auxin-responsive genes known to limit cell growth was reduced in response to KSK over-expression. ANT expression was also reduced in KSK over-expression lines, consistent with altered floral identities. Auxin responses were reduced in KSK over-expressing cells, consistent with changes in auxin-responsive gene expression. KSK may therefore influence auxin responses during petal development. Conclusions. Understanding how genetic variation influences plant growth is important for both evolutionary and mechanistic studies. We used natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana to identify sequence variation in a promoter region of Arabidopsis accessions that mediated differences in the expression of a previously uncharacterised membrane protein. This variation contributed to altered auxin responses and cell size during petal growth.
Temporal and Spatial Availability of Cereal Straw in Germany - Case Study: Biomethane for the Transport Sector
Authors: Brosowski André , Bill Ralf , Thrän Daniela
Published: October 2020

Background: By 2030, the German transport sector needs to achieve additional greenhouse gas savings of 67 million tonnes CO2-eq. and further progress requires swiftly implementable solutions. The fermentation of cereal straw is a promising option. Returning the digestate to the farmland can close agricultural cycles while simultaneously producing biomethane. The world's first large-scale, mono-digestion plant for straw is operational since 2014. The temporal and spatial biomass availability is a key issue when replicating this concept. No detailed calculations on this subject are available, and the strategic relevance of biomethane from straw in the transport sector cannot be sufficiently evaluated.Methods: To assess the balance of straw supply and use, a total of 30 data sets are combined, taking into account the cultivation of the five most important cereal types and the straw required for ten animal species, two special crops and twelve industrial uses. The data are managed at district level and presented for the years 2010 to 2018. In combination with high-resolution geodata, the results are linked to actual arable fields, and the availability of straw throughout the country is evaluated using a GIS.Results: During the analysis period and based on the assumption that in case of fermentation up to 70 % of the straw can be utilised, the mobilisable technical biomass potential for future biomethane production is between 13.9–21.5 Tg fm a-1. The annual potential fluctuates considerably due to weather anomalies. The all-time maximum in 2014 and the minimum for the last 26 years in 2018 are separated by just four years and a difference of 7.6 Tg fm. However, large parts of the potential are concentrated only in a few regions and biomethane from straw could provide 57–145 PJ of a low-emission fuel, saving 3–12 Tg CO2-eq. in case of full exploitation.Conclusion: Despite the strong fluctuations and high uncertainties, the potential is sufficient to supply numerous plants and to produce relevant quantities of biomethane even in weak years. To unlock the potential, the outcomes should be evaluated and discussed further with stakeholders in the identified priority regions.
Quantification of Arterial, Venous, and Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow Dynamics by Magnetic Resonance Imaging Under Simulated Micro-Gravity Conditions: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zahid Arslan , Martin Bryn , Collins Stephanie , Oshinski John N. , Ethier Christopher Ross
Published: October 2020

Background: Astronauts undergoing long-duration spaceflight are exposed to numerous health risks, including Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome (SANS), a spectrum of ophthalmic changes that can result in permanent loss of visual acuity. The etiology of SANS is not well understood but is thought to involve changes in cerebrovascular flow dynamics in response to microgravity. There is a paucity of knowledge in this area; in particular, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow dynamics have not been well characterized under microgravity conditions. Our study was designed to determine the effect of simulated microgravity (head-down tilt [HDT]) on cerebrovascular flow dynamics. We hypothesized that microgravity conditions simulated by HDT would result in increased intracranial pressure (ICP) reflected by increases in CSF pulsatile flow. Methods: In a prospective cohort study, we measured flow in major cerebral arteries, veins, and CSF spaces in fifteen healthy volunteers using phase contrast magnetic resonance (PCMR) before and during 15° HDT.Results: We found a decrease in all CSF flow variables [systolic peak flow (p=0.009), and peak-to-peak pulse amplitude (p=0.001)]. Cerebral arterial average flow (p=0.04), systolic peak flow (p=0.04), and peak-to-peak pulse amplitude (p=0.02) all also significantly decreased. We additionally found a decrease in average cerebral arterial flow (p=0.040). Finally, a significant increase in cerebral venous cross-sectional area with HDT (p=0.005) was also observed. Conclusions: These results collectively demonstrate that acute application of 15° HDT caused a reduction in CSF flow variables (systolic peak flow and peak-to-peak pulse amplitude) which, when coupled with a decrease in average cerebral arterial flow, systolic peak flow, and peak-to-peak pulse amplitude, is consistent with a decrease in cardiac-related pulsatile CSF flow. These results suggest that decreases in cerebral arterial inflow were the principal drivers of decreases in CSF pulsatile flow.