bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RELATIVE DECLINE OF OPHIOBOLUS GRAMINIS, HELMINTHOSPORIUM SATIVUM AND FUSARIUM CULMORUM IN THE SOIL
Authors: Semeniuk G. , Henry A. W.
Published: March 2010

The relative decline of three cereal root pathogens, Ophiobolus graminis Sacc., Helminthosporium sativum P. K. B., and Fusarium culmorum (W. G. Sm.) Sacc., in natural and sterilized black loam soil, was studied using inoculum grown in a sterilized soil-cornmeal medium. Since the severity of infection of wheat seedlings by the above fungi proved directly proportional to the amount of inoculum added to natural soil, it was used as a measure of the amount of effective inoculum in the soil at a given time. It was found by this means that inoculum of all three pathogens diminished greatly in amount in natural soil during the first few days following its addition, with that of O. graminis declining least, that of H. sativum more, and that of F. culmorum most. The decline rate was proportional to the amount of inoculum. After one week the decline had progressed further, but it was less for O. graminis than for the other two pathogens. In 3–4 weeks the amount of all three had reached a near-zero quantity. In sterilized soil the decline was similar to that in natural soil after the sterilized soil became recontaminated. However, that of F. culmorum was less pronounced here than in natural soil. Marked decline of O. graminis also occurred in natural soil supporting a seedling wheat crop. In large measure the decline studied appeared to be a quantitative degenerating process resulting from the activity of soil micro-organisms.
AN EVALUATION OF ALTAI WILD RYE, ELYMUS ANGUSTUS TRIN., AS A FORAGE CROP
Authors: Lawrence T. , Heinrichs D. H. , Carson R. B.
Published: March 2010

A study was conducted with Altai wild rye (Elymus angustus Trin.), Russian wild rye (Elymus junceus), crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum), and intermediate wheatgrass (Agropyron intermedium) on their relative merits as forage crops in the arid climate of Saskatchewan. The data show that Altai wild rye produced as much forage as Russian wild rye but less than crested wheatgrass and intermediate wheatgrass. However, it appeared to be less competitive with alfalfa than the other grasses in the test. The nutritive value of Altai wild rye was as good as or better than that of the other grasses; it excelled all of them in crude protein content throughout the season and contained about the same amount of fibre and fat at most stages of development; its ash content was higher than that of the other three grasses in 1954, a wet year, but only higher than the two wheatgrasses in 1957, a very dry year. Comparisons regarding palatability and digestibility suggest that Altai wild rye equals the better grasses in this respect. The study also indicates that nutritive value of grasses throughout the growing season varies much more in wet years when normal plant development occurs, than in dry years when growth is slow and sporadic.
THE ASSOCIATION OF FLOWERING HABIT WITH WINTER SURVIVAL IN RED AND ALSIKE CLOVER DURING THE SEEDLING YEAR OF GROWTH
Authors: Therrien Henri P. , Smith Dale
Published: March 2010

The percentage of plants that flowered in the seedling year in spaced populations of red and alsike clovers at Madison and Arlington, Wisconsin, was highest in the earliest seedings (May 15) and decreased with later seeding dates. No plants flowered in the July 15th seedings. The percentage of winterkilling during the first winter was higher in the flowering plants of each clover than in the non-flowering plants. Differences in flowering and winter survival were noted among clover strains and in winter survival among plant types within strains.Prevention of flowering in medium red clover by removing flower buds, flowering stems and/or elongating tillers resulted in greater vegetative vigour and winter survival. Plants that were allowed to flower freely in the seedling year in spaced populations had a smaller number of non-flowering crown tillers, a smaller width of crown, a lower dry weight of crown, root and total available carbohydrates in the roots, less root branching, a slightly lower percentage of total available carbohydrates in the roots, and more winterkilling during the first winter than plants that were prevented from flowering. These responses may help in part to explain the benefits attributed to clipping red clover in the seedling year.
INHERITANCE OF SEED WEIGHT AND ASSOCIATED TRAITS IN BROMEGRASS, BROMUS INERMIS LEYSS.
Authors: Christie B. R. , Kalton R. R.
Published: March 2010

Among 71 S0 and S2 clones of diverse origin in a space-planted, replicated polycross nursery the range in mean seed weight was 0.71 to 1.30 grams per 300 seeds. A correlation of 0.25 was noted between seed weight and open-pollinated seed set for these clones. Their polycross progenies exhibited a range of only 0.74 to 0.94 grams per 300 seeds in a solid-planted test. The progeny-parent regression value was non-significant (b = 0.09) while the correlation (r = 0.56) was significant at the 1 per cent level.Inbred segregates of 10 representative clones were evaluated in a replicated test for seed weight, fertility, seed yield and bloom date. In each family, segregates showed significant differences in performance for the former three traits which is indicative of genetic segregation. These three traits all exhibited substantial inbreeding depression, averaging 21, 20 and 53 per cent for seed weight, fertility and seed yield, respectively, from S0 to S1 for seven families, and 19, 24 and 66 per cent, respectively from S2 to S3 for three families. Inbreeding resulted in a delay of 1 to 2 days in bloom date, on the average.Progeny-parent regression and correlation values for the four traits were all significant. The regression value for seed weight, 0.39, was equal to that for yield but lower than that of fertility, 1.19, or bloom date, 0.78. Correlations ranged from 0.83 to 0.94. Seed weight, fertility index and seed yield all were positively associated in intercharacter correlation studies, indicating no adverse relationships from a selection standpoint.
CROWN RUST RESISTANT DERIVATIVES FROM CROSSES BETWEEN AUTOTETRAPLOIDAVENA STRIGOSAANDA.SATIVA
Authors: Zillinsky F. J. , Derick R. A.
Published: March 2010

Hexaploid plants having resistance to crown rust were obtained from F4and F5progenies of crosses between an autotetraploid of A. strigosa, variety C.D. 3820, and two varieties of A. sativa, Abegweit and Victory. Seedlings, resistant to races 264, 274, 290 and other races of crown rust, were obtained from segregating populations. The resistant hexaploid derivatives resemble A. sativa in most characteristics and can be crossed readily to common oat varieties to give fertile and resistant progeny. It is thus established that genes from diploid species can be utilized for the improvement of common oats.
EFFECT OF SPEAR LENGTH, SPEAR PORTION AND HARVEST DATE ON THE COMPOSITION AND QUALITY OF ASPARAGUS
Authors: Shewfelt A. L. , Mohr W. P.
Published: March 2010

Variations in moisture, soluble solids, ascorbic acid and fibre contents of asparagus as affected by spear length, spear portion and harvest date were observed, together with variations in the colour, texture and flavour of the frozen and cooked products.Highly significant differences in all measurements occurred between the tip, centre and butt of the spear regardless of harvested spear length. The length of harvested spear gave differences in the moisture, soluble solids and fibre content but not the ascorbic acid level. Colour and texture ratings of the frozen and cooked product varied according to spear length while no difference occurred in flavour rating.The moisture, soluble solids, and ascorbic acid content were influenced by harvest date and there was indication that these were associated with variations in prevailing weather at the time of harvest.
RESISTANCE OF INBRED LINES AND HYBRIDS OF SUNFLOWERS (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.) IN A NATURAL EPIDEMIC OF ASTER YELLOWS
Authors: Putt Eric D. , Sackston W. E.
Published: March 2010

Resistance to aster yellows has been identified in sunflowers. In 560 inbred lines and single plant progenies, 356 showed no symptoms of the disease under field conditions. The others showed infections ranging up to 100 per cent. Six entries, observed at three points, showed a range of infection from 0 to 86 per cent and eighteen others, at two points, a range from 0 to 73 per cent. The behaviour was consistent at the different locations.The resistance to aster yellows appeared to be qualitatively inherited. Single cross hybrids between resistant and, susceptible lines showed the resistance to be dominant. It occurred in association both with susceptibility and with resistance to rust. Of 15 lines with evidence of resistance to leaf mottle disease, 13 lines also had resistance to aster yellows.
ESSAI DE DIFFERENTS PRODUITS CHIMIQUES COMME DESINFECTANTS DES ECLATS (GERMES) DE POMMES DE TERRE INOCULES AVEC CORYNEBACTERIUM SEPEDONICUM
Authors: Paquin R. , Santerre J. , Généreux H. , Coulombe L. J.
Published: March 2010

Forty-seven chemicals, including antibiotics, detergents, quaternary ammonium salts, mercury compounds, disinfectants and protectants, were tested for their effectiveness as potato seed piece disinfectants after inoculating each potato set with bacterial ring rot. None of the substances tested was as effective as a solution of acidified mercuric chloride (2:1000 + 1 per cent HCl) in a 10-minute dip treatment which gave 93 to 98 per cent control. A more effective control of the disease (100 per cent) was obtained when seed stock contained only 1 per cent diseased tubers.
THE EFFECT OF EMBRYO TRANSPLANTATION ON SEED SET IN SOME WHEAT-RYE CROSSES
Authors: Rommel Mechtild
Published: March 2010

Experiments were conducted to give information on the methodology and value of embryo transplantation in wheat-rye crosses. Embryos of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid wheats were transplanted to wheat, rye, and alien endosperm types. Plants derived from transplanted embryos were used for crosses with Secale cereale. A modified method for transplanting embryos to another endosperm was developed. Results of test crosses indicate that crossing results could not be improved by transplanting embryos to different endosperm types. Findings support the theory of the presence of "crossability genes" in some wheat parents which appear to be the same in tetraploid as in hexaploid wheats.
THE PRECISION OF FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH VEGETABLE CROPS AS INFLUENCED BY PLOT AND BLOCK SIZE AND SHAPE.: II. CANNING PEAS
Authors: Nonnecke I. L.
Published: March 2010

In 1957, vine and shelled pea weights of canning peas from an irrigated uniformity trial were recorded to determine the effect on yield variability of varying plot and block sizes and shapes. The most uniform reduction in variation occurred in block shapes of one plot long and six plots wide with each increase in plot length. These results agree with those of other workers, that long, narrow blocks are more efficient than square blocks. The optimum plot size was found to be 5 feet long and 10 feet wide. Considerably more shelled peas were required for processing than could be obtained from the optimum size of plot for yield.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS OF NATIVE FORAGE PLANTS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA IN RELATION TO GRAZING PRACTICES
Authors: McLean Alastair , Tisdale E. W.
Published: March 2010

The percentages of crude protein and phosphorus decreased markedly and that of crude fibre increased in all classes of common forage in the southern interior of British Columbia from spring to fall on both grassland and forest ranges. No consistent trend was observed in percentage of total ash or calcium except that calcium increased markedly in weathered forbs both in the grasslands and in the forest. The grasses had a higher percentage of crude fibre than forbs or current shrub growth. The percentages of crude protein, crude fibre and phosphorus in a sedge meadow at a high elevation were all rather low during the grazing period; those of crude protein and phosphorus dropped sharply in mid-September. The chemical analyses indicated that the nutritive level of the range forage is generally satisfactory for livestock production although some winter supplementation, especially of phosphorus, may be necessary under certain conditions.
BREEDING FOR CREEPING ROOT IN ALFALFA (MEDICAGO MEDIA PERS.)
Authors: Morley F. H. W. , Heinrichs D. H.
Published: March 2010

An alfalfa population, consisting of progenies from crosses among 54 plants which had been selected out of a large population of Medicago falcata L. x Medicago media Pers. origin, was scored for degree of creeping-root development. These scores were statistically analysed on the basis of full-sib and half-sib groups. The estimate of Cov(FS) — Cov(HS) was 0.062, and Cov(HS) was 0.091. Therefore, it was concluded that genotypic variation was predominantly additive.Mass selection alone is predicted to be more efficient in breeding for the creeping-rooted character in alfalfa than a combination of mass selection and progeny testing. However, since other characters will usually be selected for along with the creeping-rooted character, the progeny test may have to be used. If progeny testing is used, the optimum number of progeny per parent under test should be approximately 30, provided these have been obtained from at least 8 to 10 different, unrelated, and randomly-selected mates.
FERTILITY OF AUTOTETRAPLOID VARIETIES AND HYBRIDS OF BARLEY
Authors: Smith W. E.
Published: March 2010

This study was conducted from 1952 to 1958. Most of the autotetraploids were obtained by immersing germinated diploid seed in a 0.1 per cent aqueous solution of colchicine for 2 hours. Selection for fertility within the progenies of the C3 and C4 generation of autotetraploid hybrids increased the mean per cent fertility of the C4 generation by 8 per cent and the C5 by 4 per cent. Fertility studies of artificially-induced autotetraploids of several barley varieties showed that two-rowed autotetraploids were more fertile than six-rowed types. In all cases the fertility of autotetraploids was lower than diploids.
NOTE ON A MULTI-CHANNEL INTEGRATOR FOR A RECORDING POTENTIOMETER
Authors: KING K. M. , GRAHAM W. G.
Published: March 2010

not available
EFFECT OF CLIPPING AT VARIOUS HEIGHTS ON CHARACTERISTICS OF REGROWTH IN REED CANARYGRASS (PHALARIS ARUNDINACEAL.)
Authors: Davis W. E. P.
Published: March 2010

Reed canarygrass, (Phalaris arundinacea L.) grown under greenhouse conditions was clipped at stubble heights of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 inches. Ten inches of regrowth was permitted the plants for each treatment. The effects of these treatments were studied in relation to the regrowth interval, yield, growth characteristics and quality.The data disclosed that fewer days were required to produce 10 inches of regrowth for the 4- and 5-inch heights and consequently a larger number of clippings were obtained over a given period of time for these same treatments. This increase in the number of clippings resulted in greater total yields of dry matter. Yield of dry matter was positively correlated with the number of tillers per plant.Leaf measurements showed that the leaf growth of reed canarygrass is complete when the base of the leaf is free of the sheath. Branching from nodes occurred for all treatments but most frequently for the taller heights of stubble.Chemical analyses for lignin and nitrogen indicated that clipping at the 4- and 5-inch heights was not detrimental to the quality of the forage.
THE INFLUENCE OF GIBBERELLIN ON THE FLOWERING OF CARROTS
Authors: Dickson M. H. , Peterson C. E.
Published: March 2010

Application of aqueous solutions of gibberellin to carrots in greenhouse and muck soils in the field at Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, indicated that five to six treatments of gibberellin at 100 and 1000 p.p.m., commencing when six to eight leaves had been initiated, induced earlier and a higher percentage of flowering plants. Fewer or more treatments at later stages of development resulted in slower and later responses. Following a warm spring gibberellin might be used as an aid in selection of non-bolting genetic lines in a carrot-breeding program, as plant populations with a bolting tendency respond much more vigorously than those which are characteristically non-bolting.
THE INHERITANCE OF MATURITY IN MAIZE
Authors: Giesbrecht John
Published: March 2010

Days from seeding to silking and days from seeding to pollen shedding were used as measures of maturity on the parents, their F1, F2 and the back-crosses of the F1 to both parents of the cross Mt42 × WF9. Readings were taken on an individual plant basis. Results indicated the existence of partial phenotypic dominance for earliness. Heritability estimates were very low, probably due to the lack of agreement between the hereditary behaviour of the two characters and the basic assumptions of the formula used. A genetic analysis by the partitioning method of the two characters, days to silking and days to pollen shedding, indicated that Mt42 and WF9 differed by four effective factors and that all of the factors for increased earliness were located in the Mt42 line. A genetic model was constructed which appeared to satisfy the data for both characters.
A GENETIC ANALYSIS OF POPULATION SHIFTS IN PEDIGREE GENERATIONS OF LASALLE RED CLOVER
Authors: McLennan H. A. , Greenshields J. E. R. , MagVicar R. M.
Published: March 2010

The Lasalle variety of red clover was constituted by blending equal parts of seed of the Ottawa and Dollard varieties at the foundation seed level. The varieties differ in a leaf characteristic in that 96.4 per cent of the plants of the Ottawa variety carry a white mark and only 12.4 per cent of Dollard are so marked. Based on a genetic study of the inheritance of the leaf mark an analysis was made of the shifts of the different pedigree generations when grown under different environmental conditions in Canada. Seed from 36 growers was analysed with respect to leaf mark and traced back to the original foundation seed lot. When grown in the Western Canada region there is a significant shift toward the Dollard component, whereas when grown in Eastern Canada the component varieties remain in equilibrium or there is a slight drift toward the Ottawa source. Theoretical aspects and basic reasons for population shifts are discussed.
SEEDLING REACTIONS TO STEM RUST OF LINES OF MARQUIS WHEAT WITH SUBSTITUTED GENES FOR RUST RESISTANCE
Authors: Green G. J. , Knott D. R. , Watson I. A. , Pugsley A. T.
Published: March 2010

Lines of the wheat variety Marquis carrying genes Sr6, Sr7, Sr8, Sr9, Sr10, and Sr6 plus Sr7 for resistance to stem rust were produced by the backcross method. The reactions of these lines to 99 North American cultures of 29 races of stem rust and to 8 Australian cultures were determined. Genes Sr6, Sr8, and Sr9 conferred a uniform type of resistance to most of the cultures. Genes Sr7 and Sr10 conferred only moderate resistance to a few cultures. Genes Sr6, Sr8, and Sr9 appeared to confer the same kind of resistance in Marquis after 5 backcrosses as in the source varieties, but Sr7 and Sr10 seemed less effective. Results of the infection studies indicated that Sr7 may be allelic with a gene for resistance in Marquis and that at least two alleles conditioning different rust reactions may occur at the Sr9 locus. The reactions of the lines with Sr6, Sr8, and Sr9 were nearly identical with those of the Chinese Spring substitution lines, Red Egyptian XX, Red Egyptian VI, and Red Egyptian XIII respectively, which presumably have these genes. The data indicated that Sr6 is the same as SrKa1 and Sr9 is the same as SrKb1. The resistance of lines with Sr7, Sr8, and Sr9 was affected only slightly by temperature but the resistance of lines with Sr10 and especially of those with Sr6 diminished at high temperature.
THE PRECISION OF ROD-ROW TESTS WITH WHEAT AS INFLUENCED BY ALLEVIATING A PHOSPHORUS DEFICIENCY
Authors: Guitard A. A.
Published: March 2010

At Beaverlodge, during 1950 to 1952, inclusive, the application of 50 pounds per acre of ammonium phosphate (11-48-0) to 25 wheat varieties in rod-row tests reduced the average number of days from seeding to heading and to ripening, and increased the yield, height and kernel weight. During some years there were variety × fertilized interactions for days to head and ripen, and for kernel weight.The fertilizer also increased the precision of the tests for yield, height and kernel weight but did not influence the precision for days to ripen and reduced the precision for days to head. Phosphate fertilization would appear to increase the precision by reducing the influence of soil variability.
NOTE ON A MECHANICAL TREE PLANTER FOR SHELTERBELTS
Authors: Dunlop R. H.
Published: March 2010

not available
NOTE ON THE EFFECT OF GIBBERELLIN ON RED CLOVER
Authors: BRINK V. C. , Kitts W. D. , Hogg R. W.
Published: March 2010

not available
A COLLABORATIVE STUDY OF METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF POTASSIUM, CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM IN PLANT MATERIALS
Authors: Ward G. M. , Heeney H. B.
Published: March 2010

Thirteen Canadian laboratories collaborated in a 2-year study of methods of analysis of plant tissue. The investigation has shown that the flame photometric procedure for potassium and a modification of the chelatometric method using EDTA for calcium and magnesium give the most consistent and reproducible results. Further research is necessary before the flame photometer can be used for the reliable determination of calcium and magnesium.
A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND OTHER FACTORS UPON THE GERMINATION OF VEGETABLE CROPS: III. VEGETABLE VINE CROPS
Authors: Torfason W. E. , Nonnecke I. L.
Published: March 2010

A study was made of the effects of temperature and duration of exposure upon the germination of cucumber, muskmelon, and watermelon seed. Seeds of four varieties of each crop were germinated at controlled temperatures by rolled-towel method. Muskmelon seed germination was significantly reduced as temperature decreased from 60°F. through 55°, 50° and 45°F. On the other hand, germination of cucumber and watermelon seed was not significantly altered by temperature. Prolonging the duration of exposure to 15 or 22 days resulted in significant reductions in the germination of watermelons but not of the other crops. The interaction of temperature with duration of exposure caused significant differences in the germination of the three crops. At 45° and 50°F., germination decreased generally as exposure lengthened to 15 days and then increased sharply at 22 days. It is postulated that this increase was the result of temperature conditioning or some similar reaction. At 55° and 60°F., germination increased slightly as exposure increased to 8 or 15 days, followed by a decrease at 22 days. This effect was most pronounced at 60°F., probably due to greater fungal activity at that temperature.It is concluded that satisfactory germination of the vine crops can be obtained after relatively long exposure to temperatures lower than the previously accepted minima.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN Ca:K RATIO, pH, AND PREVALENCE OF POTATO SCAB
Authors: Doyle J. J. , MacLean A. A.
Published: March 2010

A preliminary study of ten soils selected from the commercial potato-growing area showed that scabbiness was generally associated with high pH levels and with wide Ca:K ratios.In a greenhouse study, the effect of Ca:K ratio was studied independently of pH by using calcium hydroxide and calcium sulphate as sources of calcium. Scabbiness was directly related to soil pH but was not related to Ca:K ratio.
EFFECT OF LEAF RUST ON THE YIELD OF RESISTANT WHEATS
Authors: Samborski D. J. , Peturson B.
Published: March 2010

Heavy infection of leaf rust initiated at an early stage of plant development materially reduced the yield, kernel weight and bushel weight of one susceptible and three resistant varieties of wheat. The yield loss in the susceptible variety was 58 per cent whereas in the resistant varieties it ranged from 12 to 28 per cent. The results indicate a direct relation between the density of inoculum and the amount of necrosis on varieties that are resistant but not immune.
THE COMPETITIVE INTERACTION BETWEEN BARLEY PLANTS GROWN FROM LARGE AND SMALL SEEDS
Authors: Kaufmann M. L. , McFadden A. D.
Published: March 2010

The competitive effect on yield of plants grown from large and small seeds was demonstrated in both greenhouse and field tests. Plants from small seeds yielded approximately 77 per cent of those grown from large seeds in the greenhouse and 57 per cent in the field with inter-plant competition; with inter-row competition the percentages were 70 and 54 respectively; and, with no competition, 89 and 83 per cent respectively. It was further shown that increased competition favoured plants from large seeds. Superior production resulted mainly from a greater number of heads on plants grown from large seeds.Suggestions are made as to how problems arising from this source of non-genetic variation could be overcome in various stages of selection.
WINTER HARDINESS EVALUATION IN ALFALFA
Authors: Heinrichs D. H. , Troelsen J. E. , Clark K. W.
Published: March 2010

A study was undertaken to determine the relationship between carbohydrate content in the roots of alfalfa varieties in the fall and winter hardiness of the varieties. Several agronomic characters were also considered in relation to winter hardiness. Winter injury was found to be inversely proportional to the hexosan content. Growth recovery in the fall was also associated with winter injury; the faster the recovery, the greater the winter injury of the variety. Rapid growth recovery and hexosan content were closely associated. Root development m the seedling year was slower in hardy varieties than in less hardy ones. It was concluded that a combination of the recovery characteristic and hexosan content in the roots could be used in screening alfalfa material for hardiness qualities. It is suggested that the roots of selections made from F2 populations, originating from hybrids between hardy and non-hardy stocks, could be analysed for hexosan content in the fall and accordingly classified into hardiness groups. The roots could be used for this purpose, while stem cuttings could serve the propagation requirements.
THE USE OF DIALLEL CORRELATIONS FOR DETERMINING THE RELATIVE LOCATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF VARIETIES OF BARLEY
Authors: Guitard A. A.
Published: March 2010

Using diallel correlation coefficients based on the yield of nine varieties of barley, eight of the ten test locations in the Upper Peace River region can be arranged into three completely inter-related response groups. Each group has one location in common with the adjoining group. The locational associations for height, bushel weight and 1000-kernel weight are not as consistent but, with a few exceptions, approximate those established for yield. The groupings suggest that the number of barley test locations in the region could be reduced from ten to five without an appreciable loss of information.
INSECTICIDE RESIDUES IN POTATOES AFTER SOIL TREATMENTS FOR CONTROL OF WIREWORMS
Authors: Begg J. A. , Plummer P. J. G. , Konst H.
Published: March 2010

Chemical analyses and insect bioassays showed residues of less than 0.1 p.p.m. of aldrin, chlordane, dieldrin, and heptachlor in the pulp of early potatoes grown in a Berrien sandy loam soil treated for control of the eastern field wireworm, Limonius agonus (Say). The insecticides had been applied at the rate of 5 pounds of toxicant per acre, 3, 15, or 27 months before harvesting the potatoes. Mammalian feeding trials showed that the residues in the potatoes did not cause any gross or histopathological changes in guinea pigs and rats.
REACTION OF BARLEY VARIETIES AND SELECTIONS TO ROOT ROT AND SEEDLING BLIGHT INCITED BY HELMINTHOSPORIUM SATIVUM P.K. AND B.
Authors: Hamilton D. G. , Clark R. V. , Hannah A. E. , Loiselle R.
Published: March 2010

A satisfactory inoculation technique for testing the reaction of barley varieties and selections to root rot and seedling blight incited by Helminthosporium sativum was developed. Surface-sterilized seeds were grown in a planting mixture of 90 per cent sterilized white silica sand and 10 per cent sand-cornmeal inoculum of the Ottawa isolate of the fungus. Disease ratings of the seedlings were recorded after 21 days in a glass-enclosed chamber kept at a temperature of 20–22 °C. and a high humidity. A total of 600 varieties and selections were tested in this study. Fifty-one were classified as resistant and, of these, Anoidium, Br.3962-4, Lenta and Opal B were rated the highest. One hundred and forty-two entries were classified as susceptible. The remaining entries were intermediate in reaction.
POTASSIUM IN PLANT METABOLISM.: III. SOME CARBOHYDRATE CHANGES IN THE WHEAT SEEDLING ASSOCIATED WITH VARYING RATES OF POTASSIUM SUPPLY
Authors: Ward G. M.
Published: March 2010

Wheat seedlings grown in sand culture responded to decreased potassium application with increases in reducing sugar content and in invertase activity. The pH of the seedling press juice and the KM of the invertase preparations both diminished as the potassium supply to the seedlings was decreased. Potassium in the enzyme digest had no effect on the level of activity of the individual invertase preparations.
THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON THE RATE OF ACID LOSS IN McINTOSH APPLES
Authors: Poapst P. A. , Phillips W. R.
Published: March 2010

Data are presented which suggest that the rate of loss of total titratable acids in the McIntosh apple varies exponentially with the storage temperature. This relationship may be expressed as a = D.eEΔT (D, E, are constants, T = storage temp. −28.5 F., approx. freezing point). Certain published data on Bramley's Seedling apple are examined which tend to confirm and generalize the above finding.
NOTE ON A PRECISION PLOT IRRIGATOR FOR USE IN IRRIGATION STUDIES
Authors: Cooper D. J. , Heeney H. B.
Published: March 2010

not available
A PERCOLATION METHOD FOR MEASURING POTASSIUM-SUPPLYING POWER OF SOILS
Authors: Matthews B. C. , Smith J. A.
Published: March 2010

An apparatus for continuous circulation of water through a soil sample and a cation exchange resin has been devised by modification of the Lees perfusion apparatus. The amount of exchangeable and non-exchangeable potassium released from the soil and adsorbed by the resin was found to correlate highly with the amount of potassium taken up by alfalfa grown continuously in the greenhouse (r = 0.91). The rate and amount of release differed for different soils and the rate of release showed little correlation with the original level of exchangeable potassium. It is suggested that the rate of release, i.e., potassium-supplying power, is a soil type characteristic and not a function of management or fertilization. The percolation method proposed will permit ready evaluation of the potassium-supplying power of Ontario soils.
FERTILITY STUDIES ON SOME NEW BRUNSWICK SOILS: II. SOIL POTASSIUM SUPPLY AS SHOWN BY GREENHOUSE AND CHEMICAL TESTS
Authors: MacLean A. A. , Doyle J. J. , Hamlyn F. G.
Published: March 2010

Fertility investigations were conducted on samples of surface soil collected from six farms on each of five soil types occurring in the Saint John River Valley. The effect of applied potassium on the yield and potassium content of ladino clover served as a basis for evaluating several chemical methods used in assessing the potassium status of different soils.Applied potassium resulted in significant increases in yield on two soils and in the potassium content of the crop on all soils. The higher the potassium content of the crop grown without potassium fertilizer, the lower was the increase in yield from applied potassium.Soil potassium values, as determined by four chemical methods, varied significantly between soil types. Correlation coefficients relating uptake of potassium by ladino clover with the values obtained by the four methods were significant at the 1 per cent level.
THE EFFECT OF FARM AND GREEN MANURES ON THE FERTILITY OF BLACKEARTH-MEADOW CLAY SOILS
Authors: Poyser E. A. , Hedlin R. A. , Ridley A. O.
Published: March 2010

Green manure crops were ploughed down in the fallow year of a fallow, wheat, corn, wheat rotation to determine their effect on total organic carbon and nitrogen in the soil and on crop yields.An average decrease of 27.9 per cent of the organic carbon and 15.9 per cent of the nitrogen in the soil occurred over a 25-year period. Under sweet clover and farm manure the levels of organic carbon and nitrogen were significantly higher than the levels of these constituents under fallow treatment. The levels of organic carbon and nitrogen were not significantly affected by weeds, buckwheat, corn, rye, peas and red clover green crop treatments.There was little crop yield response to nitrogen-supplying green crops the first year after fallow. However, during recent years there was a gradual increase in yield response to nitrogen-supplying treatments in the second and third crops after fallow. This increased response to nitrogen probably reflected the gradual decline in the ability of the soil to supply nitrogen as total soil organic matter declined.
A STAINING METHOD FOR THE QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF FELDSPARS IN ROCKS AND SANDS FROM SOILS
Authors: Reeder S. W. , McAllister A. L.
Published: March 2010

A speedy and accurate staining procedure for the quantitative determination of the feldspars in rocks and sands of soils is proposed. The minerals are treated, by direct contact, with 48 per cent hydrofluoric acid, and then immersed in a concentrated sodium cobaltinitrite solution which stains the potash feldspars yellow. This treatment is followed by immersion in a buffered hematein solution which stains the plagioclase feldspars purple. The depth of colour on the plagioclase depends upon the position in the isomorphous series. Quartz, gypsum and calcite are not affected by the treatment.The quantity of the potash and plagioclase feldspar present is then easily determined by grain counts under the petrographic microscope.
WET SIEVING APPARATUS FOR STABILITY ANALYSIS OF SOIL AGGREGATES
Authors: Bourget S. J. , Kemp J. G.
Published: March 2010

The design of van Bavel's wet sieving apparatus for soil aggregate stability analysis has been modified. A different sieve arrangement and a deeper tub are advantageous. Principles of operation are given for the modified unit.
PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM SUPPLY FOR ALFALFA IN SOILS SAMPLED AT DIFFERENT DEPTHS
Authors: Halstead R. L. , Nielsen K. F. , MacLean A. J.
Published: March 2010

Results of a greenhouse experiment, comprising soil samples taken at three depths from each of six locations in eastern Ontario, indicated that the phosphorus-supplying power of the surface was considerably greater than that of the corresponding subsurface samples of four of the soils. The relative amounts of total phosphorus in surface and subsurface samples varied with the soils, the most pronounced variation being an increase in a sandy soil with depth. The proportion of the total phosphorus found in organic form varied from 18 to 56 per cent in the surface and from 5 to 33 per cent in the subsurface samples. The amounts of acid-soluble phosphorus extracted from five of the soils increased with depth. The amounts of NaHCO3-soluble phosphorus were higher in the surface than in the subsurface samples of five of the soils. The values for acid-soluble phosphorus in five of the soils and for NaHC03-soluble phosphorus in three of the soils were not in agreement with greenhouse results.The data from the greenhouse experiment did not indicate a pronounced difference between the potassium-supplying powers of corresponding surface and subsurface samples. Exchangeable potassium did not vary appreciably between surface and subsurface samples of four of the soils but decreased in two of the soils with depth. Water-soluble potassium decreased with depth in most instances.
THE GROWTH AND MINERAL CONTENT OF FLUE-CURED TOBACCO AS INFLUENCED BY REACTION OF NUTRIENT SOLUTIONS WITH IONIC FORMS OF NITROGEN
Authors: McEvoy E. T.
Published: March 2010

Studies with flue-cured tobacco in sand culture showed that the optimum reaction of the culture medium varied with the ionic forms of nitrogen supplied. Nitrate nitrogen was assimilated most efficiently at pH 5. When both nitrate and ammonium nitrogen were supplied, pH 8 was optimum. Ammonium nitrogen was assimilated by the plant as readily as nitrate when the reaction of the culture medium was favourable.The accumulation of all the major nutrient elements in the leaf tissue was influenced by the reaction of the culture medium. The ash content of the leaves was highest over the range of pH values 4 to 6, inclusive.
THE pH OF NON-CALCAREOUS NEAR-NEUTRAL SOILS
Authors: Nichol W. E. , Turner R. C.
Published: March 2010

Variations in [Formula: see text] have a pronounced effect on both pH and pH–1/2pCa of non-calcareous near-neutral soils. Consequently it is necessary to specify the [Formula: see text] at which the measurements are made regardless of whether pH or pH–1/2pCa is used to indicate the acidity of these soils.
A COMPARISON OF SOME TILLAGE METHODS FOR CORN ON BROOKSTON CLAY SOIL
Authors: Bolton E. F. , Aylesworth J. W.
Published: March 2010

Methods of mulch-planting were compared with mouldboard-ploughing methods for corn production at Woodslee during 1953, 1954 and 1955. The tillage treatments were established in second-year alfalfa sod on Brookston clay soil. On the basis of corn yield the conventional ploughing treatments were greatly superior to any mulch-plant method tested during the three years. Soil moisture studies indicated that the effect of the intercrop on the soil moisture supply was the major factor influencing crop yield, but moisture alone did not account entirely for the differences obtained in crop yield. The plough-plant method produced as good corn yields as spring ploughing in 1953 but somewhat less in 1954 and 1955. The results would suggest that an adaptation of the plough-plant method may have possible application as a tillage method for corn on the finer textured soils of southwestern Ontario.
NOTE ON THE EFFECT OF STUBBLE AND STRAW RESIDUE ON THE AVAILABILITY OF NITROGEN
Authors: FERGUSON W. S.
Published: March 2010

not available
THE EFFECT OF VARYING LEVELS OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM AND MANURE ON THE YIELD AND STARCH CONTENT OF POTATOES
Authors: Black W. N. , Cairns R. R.
Published: March 2010

The results of an 8-year fertilizer study on the New London Illustration Station, in Prince Edward Island, are presented. A 3 × 3 × 3 factorial fertilizer study was laid down on potatoes each year in turn in one of four adjoining fields, featuring a 4-year rotation of potatoes, oats, clover and timothy hay. Combinations of N, P2O5 and K2O were applied broadcast as sub-plots in a split-plot design with two replicates. Manure treatments at 0 and 10 tons per acre were analyzed as main plots. Data were calculated on the yield and starch content of potatoes from two complete rotation cycles.Manure increased the yield of marketable potatoes by 39.5 and 78.8 bu. per acre, respectively, in the first and second cycle of the rotation. There was no significant interaction of manure by fertilizer treatments. Increased levels of nitrogen and potassium significantly reduced the starch content of tubers but increased yields in proportion to the amounts applied. With phosphorus, no significant yield increases were noted beyond the 120-lb. level during the first rotation cycle. In the second cycle, significant increases in yield were obtained, even up to 240 lb. P2O5 per acre, with no appreciable effect on potato quality.Within the scope of this study, fertilizer elements can be applied in quantities to provide economic yield increase without serious reduction of starch content.
TOLERANCE OF ALFALFA TO MANGANESE TOXICITY IN SAND CULTURE
Authors: Dessureaux L. , Ouellette G. J.
Published: March 2010

Two groups of alfalfa varieties and crosses were grown in nutrient solutions containing two levels of manganese: 0.5 and 25 parts per million. Significant differences between varieties in their ability to tolerate manganese toxicity were observed. Promising individuals from the variety trial were selected for strain building. Some resulting crosses were found to be highly tolerant to the toxic level of manganese. This character appears to be inherited.
SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ORGANIC MATTER EXTRACTED BY DILUTE INORGANIC ACIDS FROM A PODZOLIC B HORIZON
Authors: Wright J. R. , Schnitzer M. , Levick R.
Published: March 2010

Organic matter was extracted from the B21horizon of a podzol soil by both 0.5 per cent HF and 0.5 per cent HCl. Dialysis of the extracts against distilled water reduced the halogen content to less than 0.1 per cent and the iron plus aluminium to between two and three millimoles per gram of organic matter. Further treatment of this water-dialysed material with EDTA and 8-hydroxyquinoline removed almost all of the iron and about two-thirds of the aluminium.The number average molecular weight of the organic matter, as determined by osmometry, ranged between 47,000 and 53,800. Paper electrophoresis studies showed that this organic matter consisted chiefly of one component, negatively charged, dark-brown in colour and mobile over the pH range investigated (1.8 – 9.0). Only traces to small amounts of glucose, galactose, arabinose and xylose were detected by paper chromatography in both the HF and HCl extracts even after hydrolysis. In addition traces of rhamnose were found in the hydrolyzed HF extract.
RATE OF RELEASE OF NON-EXCHANGEABLE POTASSIUM BY ONTARIO SOILS IN RELATION TO NATURAL SOIL CHARACTERISTICS AND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
Authors: McEwen H. B. , Matthews B. C.
Published: March 2010

The rate of release of non-exchangeable potassium, i.e. potassium-supplying power, of 41 Ontario soils was measured by a continuous percolation procedure. It was found that clay content of the soil was the predominant factor affecting potassium-supplying power (r = 0.978). Potassium fertilization or intensive cropping of the soil caused no change in the potassium-supplying power of the soil. As potassium-supplying power was found to be a constant characteristic of soil and not a function of previous management, potassium-supplying power measurements should not be necessary in routine soil testing. Knowledge of potassium-supplying power can be deduced from particle size distribution. Because soils of different texture have different potassium-supplying power, the interpretation of measured exchangeable potassium in terms of fertilizer requirement will be different for soils of different textural class.
A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VARIOUS EXTRACTANTS FOR ORGANIC MATTER FROM TWO HORIZONS OF A PODZOL PROFILE
Authors: Schnitzer M. , Wright J. R. , Desjardins J. G.
Published: March 2010

A survey was made of the extractive power of 15 reagents for organic matter from the A0 and B21 horizons of a podzol. All were inorganic except disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate (EDTA-Na2) and their solutions ranged in pH from 1.4 to 13.1. The amount of organic matter extracted varied with horizon and with extractant. While only NaOH removed appreciable amounts from the A0 horizon, Na4P2O7, Na3PO4, NaF, Na2CO3, NaOH, HF and EDTA-Na2 extracted > 80 per cent of the organic matter of the B21 horizon. No organic matter from the A0 horizon extracts passed through a cellulose membrane on dialysis against distilled water whereas the B21 extracts lost from 20 to 70 per cent of their carbon content. The ash content of the non-dialyzable portion of the B21 horizon extracts was high (20–40 per cent), indicating the possible presence of complexes of organic matter with metals such as Fe and Al and with clays. The carbon contents of the same materials ranged between 40 and 50 per cent, suggesting that all extractants removed essentially a similar type of material.
A SIMPLIFIED TEXTURAL CLASSIFICATION DIAGRAM
Authors: Toogood J. A.
Published: March 2010

A textural diagram based on per cent clay and per cent sand is proposed. With a standard rectangular coordinate system it is easier to use than currently suggested triangles.
PERSISTENCE OF BORAX IN SANDY SOILS
Authors: Ouellette G. J.
Published: March 2010

A field experiment was conducted on St. Pacôme sandy loam to study the movement and accumulation of applied boron within the soil profile, and consequently determine the optimum rate and frequency of borax application to the sandy soils of Eastern Quebec for the production of alfalfa hay and seed. From 65 to 75 per cent of the borax applied, depending upon the rate used, had moved below the 36-inch depth 30 months after application. The remaining portion was found, mostly in water-soluble form, below the 16-inch depth in the case of plots which had received borax at the 10- and 15-lb. rates, and in the entire profile, but with greater concentration in lower depths, in the case of plots which had received 25 and 40 lb. per acre. Very little fixation of the boron applied occurred between the surface and the 36-inch depth. The biennial application of 15 to 20 lb. of borax for alfalfa hay and 25 to 30 lb. for seed appeared satisfactory on that soil.
Ca:Mg RATIOS IN SOIL AND THE YIELD AND COMPOSITION OF ALFALFA
Authors: Halstead R. L. , MacLean A. J. , Nielsen K. F.
Published: March 2010

When carbonates of magnesium or calcium were added to surface samples of four acid soils to establish a range in exchangeable Ca:Mg ratios, magnesium carbonate reduced exchangeable calcium and, with one exception, calcium carbonate reduced exchangeable magnesium. Corresponding reductions of water-soluble magnesium and calcium occurred in two of the soils. For a given amount of the cation in exchangeable form, there was more magnesium than calcium in water-soluble form. The carbonate treatments had no effect on exchangeable potassium but usually reduced water-soluble potassium. The exchangeable Ca:Mg ratios in the different soils varied from 0.6:1.0 to 1.5:1.0 where magnesium carbonate was applied, and from 4.1:1.0 to 13.5:1.0 where calcium carbonate was used.Yields of alfalfa grown in the soils increased with addition of carbonates. The width of the Ca:Mg ratio in the treated samples had no significant effect on yield except in one soil where the pH was raised to slightly above the neutral point. Magnesium carbonate reduced calcium in the plants more than calcium carbonate reduced magnesium. With addition of potassium, the percentage reduction of plant magnesium was greater than that of calcium. Values for sum of cations in the plants were reduced by the magnesium carbonate treatment and usually by addition of potassium. The carbonate of calcium tended to be slightly more effective than that of magnesium in increasing the phosphorus content of the plants.From the standpoint of alfalfa yield, it is suggested that a magnesian limestone may be expected to be a satisfactory corrective of acidity, even though the resulting Ca:Mg ratio in the soil may be relatively low.
LEACHATES FROM CALCAREOUS SOILS AND RELATED MATERIALS
Authors: Turner R. C. , Nichol W. E. , Miles K. E.
Published: March 2010

Leaching experiments were made in the laboratory with a variety of calcareous materials. When the materials, including natural soils, were essentially free from organic matter, the pH and calcium concentrations of the leachates were roughly 9.8 and 1.3 × 10−4 molar respectively. When the calcareous materials contained an appreciable amount of organic matter, the constitution of the leachates varied considerably.
A SELF-RECORDING SOIL PENETROMETER
Authors: Mathieu A. L. , Toogood J. A.
Published: March 2010

A new model of a recording penetrometer to measure soil compaction and consistency is described. It differs from previous penetrometers in its controlled rate and depth of probe penetration and in the ease with which replications can be made. It has been developed for field use to enable many recorded readings to be taken conveniently in a short time.