bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ayni and Neltilitztli: The reconstitutions of the destituted
Authors: Mignolo Walter D.
Published: May 2021

“Market” in the past 500 years became synonymous with “capitalist market” (mercantile economy, industrial economy, technological and financial economy, market democracy). Before 1500 all organization of people living together (civilizations or cultures) had their own places to exchange within the communal and between nearby communities, all over the planet, not only in Europe. They did not go away. They are not pre-capitalist places of exchange. They are co-existing non-capitalist places of exchange. “Market” is the word used—since the 12 century—in Western vernacular languages to name the place of a meeting at a fixed time for exchanging livestock and provisions. By the 12th century medieval European “markets” where equivalent to all existing similar places of exchanges among co-existing civilizations. The constitution of the Western modern/colonial “market” in the 16th century (an experience the Adam Smith theorized in the second half of the eighteenth century), destituted all existing equivalent places of exchange. The task now is the decolonial reconstitution of communal places exchanges, reconstitution that is already under way, which implies gnoseological (knowing) and aesthesic (sensing, emotioning) praxis of living.
Service design in the healthcare space with a special focus on non-clinical service departments: A synthesis and future directions
Authors: Vaz Nafisa , Venkatesh R
Published: May 2021

Although there has been a tremendous change in the way diseases are diagnosed and treated, the ways in which health care delivery has been managed has seen very little change.

Several academic studies have arisen in the area of service design, but an amalgamation of this research, especially in the area of healthcare services is not available. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the published research on service design in healthcare and accordingly identify the gaps and scope of future research. After analyzing the articles and reviewing the Service design in healthcare literature, the following are our main contributions: (i) clarification of the service design concept and the developments that appears in the literature review of service design in the healthcare sector; (ii) classification of the service design tools and techniques that are most commonly used in the healthcare sector; (iii) demonstration of the service design as the preponderant construct that is used as a tool and technique to improve quality and efficiency in the healthcare service.The resultant systematic review reveals a change in the type of research carried out, the service design tools used and a shift towards service design from using the co-design tool to other methods. The paper highlights the gaps in the very limited amount of empirical work in the non-clinical healthcare space and accordingly a model is recommended.
Image feature analysis for magnetic particle inspection of forging defects
Authors: Ye Jhan-Hong , Ni Rui-Hong , Hsu Quang-Cherng
Published: May 2021

Magnetic particle inspection is typically used to detect the magnetic leakage caused by defects. This method is mainly used to detect the surface and subsurface defects of ferromagnetic materials. The conventional detection method involves inspectors performing visual inspection under high-power ultraviolet light. However, the intense ultraviolet light can easily damage the eyes of the inspectors. Furthermore, the aforementioned process is not only time consuming but also susceptible to human errors. Therefore, this study developed an automated optical inspection system to perform magnetic particle inspection. Analysis of several image features revealed that a contour compactness between four and five can be used to distinguish defective and non-defective features effectively. The defect identification ability obtained with several input combinations of image features for neural networks was analyzed. The results revealed that a high identification ability can be achieved for defective features when the input combination of area, mean width, and compactness is used.
Analysis of novel induction heating extruder for additive manufacturing using aluminum filament
Authors: Sharma Gourav K , Pant Piyush , Jain Prashant K , Kankar Pavan K , Tandon Puneet
Published: May 2021

Induction Heating (IH) method is gaining traction in the field of Additive Manufacturing (AM) as it is a low cost, clean, safe, and precise energy source. Wire as a feedstock material is highly efficient as compared to the powder form in terms of material utilization and economic viability. Thus, the combination of IH and wire feedstock delivery to additive manufacture a part has been explored on an in-house developed novel AM setup. The processing of aluminum wire (Al-5356) in semi-solid form from the extruder, heated using IH method has been performed. The approach adopted in this paper is to perform an in situ infrared imaging to analyze the evolution of thermal field during the extruder heating and metal deposition process. An effective thermal cartography has been undertaken to acquire temperature history of filament, extruder, and deposition process. The temperature profile plot is utilized to understand the temperature distribution and average temperature in the heating, extrusion, and layering process during layer fabrication. The presented work facilitates a priori anticipation to utilize IH as a potential energy source for the metal AM systems.
Surface integrity of fatigue strength of nickel based super alloy in turning by wire electrical discharge process
Authors: Hosseini Ebrahim , Rehman Shafiqur , Alimoradi Ashkan
Published: May 2021

In the present work, it is studied how the wire electrical discharge turning factors influence the surface integrity and subsequent fatigue life of Inconel 718. Discharge current, pule on time and spindle speed were taken into account as factors while characteristics to be studied are fatigue life, surface roughness, residual stress, and hardness. It was identified that a sample which is machined by discharge current of 5 A, pulse on time of 600 µs and work rotational speed of 250 rpm yields maximum fatigue life about 14,400 cycles. After finding the optimum level, statistical models of responses were also generated to correlate input-output relationship as well to identify which parameters has the greatest impact on performance measures. It was found from the results that fatigue life and residual stress is majorly influenced by pules current; while the surface roughness and hardness are significantly affected by spindle speed and pulse o time, respectively.
A novel approach for removal of delaminated fibers of a reinforced composites using electrochemical discharge machining
Authors: Harugade Mukund , Waigaonkar Sachin , Dhawale Nandkishor
Published: May 2021

Fiber reinforced composites, also referred as fiber reinforced plastics (FRPs) have gained considerable importance in engineering applications due to their unique qualities like high strength and stiffness at lesser weight, chemical inertness, thermal resistance, corrosion resistance, and electrical resistance. Though the machining of FRPs is not recommended, many times it is inevitable and the primary machining process like drilling is essential. This can cause delamination of the fibers thereby adversely affecting the mechanical properties of the composite and requires additional secondary finishing operation. The present investigation explores electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM) as a one of the novel technique to remove the delaminated fibers from such composites. Using ECDM the protruded delaminated fibers from a drilled hole in FRP have been precisely eliminated. Two different approaches viz. top machining and inside machining were followed for this purpose. Process evaluation was done in terms of its ability to remove the delaminated fibers and the extent of thermal damage (heat affected zone and hole overcut) to the workpiece. Both approaches have shown considerable potential of removal of delaminated fibers precisely.
Implementation of MQTT protocol based network architecture for smart factory
Authors: Yeh Chia-Shin , Chen Shang-Liang , Li I-Ching
Published: May 2021

The core concept of smart manufacturing is based on digitization to construct intelligent production and management in the manufacturing process. By digitizing the production process and connecting all levels from product design to service, the purpose of improving manufacturing efficiency, reducing production cost, enhancing product quality, and optimizing user experience can be achieved. To digitize the manufacturing process, IoT technology will have to be introduced into the manufacturing process to collect and analyze process information. However, one of the most important problems in building the industrial IoT (IIoT) environment is that different industrial network protocols are used for different equipment in factories. Therefore, the information in the manufacturing process may not be easily exchanged and obtained. To solve the above problem, a smart factory network architecture based on MQTT (MQ Telemetry Transport), IoT communication protocol, is proposed in this study, to construct a heterogeneous interface communication bridge between the machine tool, embedded device Raspberry Pi, and website. Finally, the system architecture is implemented and imported into the factory, and a smart manufacturing information management system is developed. The edge computing module is set up beside a three-axis machine tool, and a human-machine interface is built for the user controlling and monitoring. Users can also monitor the system through the dynamically updating website at any time and any place. The function of real-time gesture recognition based on image technology is developed and built on the edge computing module. The gesture recognition results can be transmitted to the machine controller through MQTT, and the machine will execute the corresponding action according to different gestures to achieve human-robot collaboration. The MQTT transmission architecture developed here is validated by the given edge computing application. It can serve as the basis for the construction of the IIoT environment, assist the traditional manufacturing industry to prepare for digitization, and accelerate the practice of smart manufacturing.
Experimental investigation and optimization on field shaper structure parameters in magnetic pulse welding
Authors: Chen Yingzi , Yang Zhiyuan , Peng Wenxiong , Zhang Huaiqing
Published: May 2021

Magnetic pulse welding is a high-speed welding technology, which is suitable for welding light metal materials. In the magnetic pulse welding system, the field shaper can increase the service life of the coil and contribute to concentrating the magnetic field in the welding area. Therefore, optimizing the structure of the field shaper can effectively improve the efficiency of the system. This paper analyzed the influence of cross-sectional shape and inner angle of the field shaper on the ability of concentrating magnetic field via COMSOL software. The structural strength of various field shapers was also analyzed in ABAQUS. Simulation results show that the inner edge of the field shaper directly affects the deformation and welding effect of the tube. So, a new shape of field shaper was proposed and the experimental results prove that the new field shaper has better performance than the conventional field shaper.
Improving roll stability of tractor semi-trailer vehicles by using H∞ active anti-roll bar control system
Authors: Tan Vu Van , Sename Olivier , Gáspár Péter
Published: May 2021

Tractor semi-trailers are increasingly playing an important role in freight transportation worldwide. Although most tractor semi-trailers are equipped with a passive anti-roll bar system, however accidents involving this type of vehicle are still frequent and have serious consequences. This paper presents an H∞ controller design for an active anti-roll bar system in order to enhance the roll stability of a tractor semi-trailer with the torque control generated at all axles. The considered performance outputs include the lateral acceleration, the normalised load transfer for both tractor and semi-trailer, as well as the magnitude of the torque control to avoid the actuator’s saturation. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated in the frequency domain via the transfer function magnitude from the steering angle to the survey signals, and in the time domain through the nonlinear vehicle model of TruckSim® software. The evaluation results show that the roll stability of the tractor semi-trailer using the H∞ active anti-roll bar system has improved by more than 20% compared to a passive vehicle.
Multi-layer controller with state-constraint: Vehicle lateral stability control based on fuzzy logic
Authors: Wan Neng , Zeng Guangping , Zhang Chunguang , Pan Dingqi , Cai Songtao
Published: May 2021

This paper deals with a new state-constrained control (SCC) system of vehicle, which includes a multi-layer controller, in order to ensure the vehicle’s lateral stability and steering performance under complex environment. In this system, a new constraint control strategy with input and state constraints is applied to calculate the steady-state yaw moment. It ensures the vehicle lateral stability by tracking the desired yaw rate value and limiting the allowable range of the side slip. Through the linkage of the three-layer controller, the tire load is optimized and achieve minimal vehicle velocity reduction. The seven-degree-of-freedom (7-DOF) simulation model was established and simulated in MATLAB to evaluate the effect of the proposed controller. Through the analysis of the simulation results, compared with the traditional ESC and integrated control, it not only solves the problem of obvious velocity reduction, but also solves the problem of high cost and high hardware requirements in integrated control. The simulation results show that designed control system has better performance of path tracking and driving state, which is closer to the desired value. Through hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) practical experiments in two typical driving conditions, the effectiveness of the above proposed control system is further verified, which can improve the lateral stability and maneuverability of the vehicle.
Comparison of soot models for reacting sprays in diesel engine-like conditions
Authors: Duvvuri Pavan Prakash , Shrivastava Rajesh Kumar , Sreedhara Sheshadri
Published: May 2021

Stringent emission legislations and growing health concerns have contributed to the evolution of soot modeling in diesel engines from simple empirical relations to methods involving detailed kinetics and complex aerosol dynamics. In this paper, four different soot models have been evaluated for the high temperature, high pressure combusting dodecane spray cases of engine combustion network (ECN) spray A which mimics engine-relevant conditions. The soot models considered include an empirical, a multistep, a method of moments based, and a discrete sectional method soot model. Two experimental cases with ambient oxygen volume of 21% and 15% have been modeled. A good agreement between simulations and experiments for vapor penetration and heat release rate has been obtained. Quasi-steady soot volume fraction contours for the four soot models have been compared with experiments. Contours of the species and source terms involved in soot modeling have also been compared for a better understanding of soot processes. The empirical soot model results in higher magnitude and spread of soot due to a lack of modeling framework for oxidation through OH species. Among the four models studied, the multistep soot model has been observed to provide the most promising agreement with the experimental data in terms of distribution of soot and location of peak soot volume fraction. Due to a two-way coupling of soot models, the detailed models predict an upstream location for soot as compared to the multi-step soot model which is one way coupled. A significant difference (of an order of magnitude) in the concentration of PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) precursor between multistep and detailed soot models has been observed because of precursor consumption due to the coupling of detailed soot models with chemical kinetics. It is recommended that kinetic schemes, especially those concerning PAH, be validated with experimental data with a kinetics-coupled soot model.
Thermally fully developed CNTs suspended nano fluid flow through annular sector duct
Authors: Ahmed Farhan
Published: May 2021

Here we simulate hydrodynamically and thermally fully developed carbon nano tubes, ( CNTs) suspended nano fluid flow through annular sector duct. Hydrodynamic results are found by using no slip boundary condition on the solid walls of duct; whereas H1 and T thermally fully developed conditions are accounted to evaluate the thermal results. CNTs are considered to be single wall, ( SW)/multi walls, ( MW). Power-law discretized scheme is used to transform the non-linear cross sectional convection-diffusion terms in algebraic form by using the control volume based method. With the help semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equations-revised, ( SIMPLER), a system of discretized algebraic equations is solved. Forced convective flow is carried out for different annular configuration parameters and contribution of CNTs in base fluid (i.e. pure water) at Pr = 6.2. Limiting case friction factor and heat transfer results show good agreement with already published data.
‘You come back fighting. That’s what gives you the drive to achieve’: The extraordinary psychological construction of the super-rich in entertainment documentaries
Authors: Carr Philippa , Goodman Simon , Jowett Adam , Abell Jackie
Published: May 2021

Inequality in society is legitimised through the ‘meritocracy myth’ and existing research claims that the affluence of the super-rich is the result of their superior traits. Discursive Social Psychology examines the ways in which psychological concepts such as personality traits function in talk. This research explores how entertainment documentaries construct the traits of the super-rich to legitimise their wealth. A corpus of 41.5 hours of terrestrial UK televised broadcasts that used the term, ‘super-rich’ was analysed. This explored how wealthy individuals are presented as having superior psychological qualities compared to the general public in relation to their greater drive and resilience. However, wealthy individuals also talk about the development of superior traits as a response to adversity. Entertainment documentaries draw upon individualistic ideology to present wealth inequality as a natural consequence of individual differences and as a result, the current distribution of wealth is ‘just’ despite its negative consequences for all.
Adaptive neural fault-tolerant control for course tracking of unmanned surface vehicle with event-triggered input
Authors: Zhang Guoqing , Gao Shen , Li Jiqiang , Zhang Weidong
Published: May 2021

This study investigates the course-tracking problem for the unmanned surface vehicle in the presence of constraints of the actuator faults, control gain uncertainties, and environmental disturbance. A novel event-triggered robust neural control algorithm is proposed by fusing the robust neural damping technique and the event-triggered input mechanism. In the algorithm, no prior information of the system model about the unknown yawing dynamic parameters and unknown external disturbances is required. The transmission burden between the controller and the actuator could be relieved. Moreover, the control gain-related uncertainties and the unknown actuator faults are compensated through two updated online adaptive parameters. Sufficient effort has been made to verify the semi-global uniform ultimate bounded stability for the closed-loop system based on Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm.
Practical finite time vibration suppression of mechatronic systems using proportional–integral–derivative variable structure controls with dead-band nonlinearity
Authors: Aghababa Mohammad Pourmahmood , Saif Mehrdad
Published: May 2021

Vibration is an intrinsic phenomenon in many mechanical and mechatronic applied devices and undesirable vibration can either degrade the performance of the system or lead to unpredictable outputs. The main purpose of this article is to introduce a novel second-order proportional–integral–derivative sliding mode control methodology to suppress the undesirable vibrations of a class of applied dynamical systems with applications to mechatronic and mechanical devices. After designing a nonlinear proportional–integral–derivative terminal sliding manifold, rigorous mathematics are provided to guarantee that the origin is a practical finite time stable equilibrium point. Consequently, two efficient control laws are proposed to ensure the occurrence of the sliding motion with and/or without system unknown parameters. Motivated by situations encountered in practice, unknown lumped uncertainties are also added to the system and their impacts are tackled using adaptive control techniques. Furthermore, a hard nonlinear dead-band function is utilized in the control input and its effects such as lags and delays appeared on the control signals as well as on the system outputs are dealt with by the proposed proportional–integral–derivative variable structure controller. The proposed second-order variable structure controller not only utilizes the simple effective design approach of the proportional–integral–derivative controllers to ensure a reasonable transient performance, but also displays fast convergence properties demonstrated in non-singular terminal sliding modes. Finally, through simulation studies, it is confirmed that the proposed control strategy is effective in vibration attenuation of microelectromechanical resonators.
Three functional variants in the NLRP3 gene are associated with susceptibility and clinical characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Ehtesham Naeim , Zare Rafie Maryam , Esmaeilzadeh Emran , Dehani Mohammad , Davar Saeideh , Mosallaei Meysam , Pakzad Bahram , Ghorashi Tahereh , Darvish Hossein , Soosanabadi Mohsen
Published: May 2021

Objective

Nod-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 ( NLRP3) gene encodes an intracellular receptor whose dysregulation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been reported in multiple studies. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome leads to the induction of inflammatory response via cleaving and producing of specific cytokines. In the present study, we assessed the possible association between three functional polymorphisms in this gene and SLE risk in the Iranian population. These variants include two gain of function (rs4612666 and rs10754558) and one loss of function (rs6672995) which are correlated with modulation of expression of NLRP3.

Methods

A case-control study involving 110 SLE patients and 116 control subjects was undertaken to estimate the frequency of rs4612666, rs10754558, and rs6672995 genotypes using real-time PCR high resolution melting method (HRM).

Results

Our findings revealed significant associations between GG genotype and G allele of rs10754558 with increased risk of SLE (OR for GG genotype= 2.82; 95%CI [1.45–5.46]/OR for G allele= 1.97; 95%CI [1.36–2.87]). Although, no significant associations were recognized between allele and genotype frequencies of rs4612666 and rs6672995 polymorphisms with SLE risk ( P > 0.05). Also, our analysis revealed that the C allele in rs4612666 and G allele in rs10754558 was correlated with the severity of disease activity (P < 0.001). Moreover, these common variants were associated with lower age of onset and some clinical symptoms in the patient group, such as skin manifestation, neurological symptom and, renal involvement (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates a substantial association between NLRP3 polymorphisms with increased risk, clinical symptoms, and the severity of disease activity of SLE.
Associations with thrombosis are stronger for antiphosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibodies than for the Sydney criteria antiphospholipid antibody tests in SLE
Authors: Elbagir Sahwa , Grosso Giorgia , Mohammed NasrEldeen A , Elshafie Amir I , Elagib Elnour M , Zickert Agneta , Manivel Vivek Anand , Pertsinidou Eleftheria , Nur Musa A. M , Gunnarsson Iva , Rönnelid Johan , Svenungsson Elisabet
Published: May 2021

Objectives

Antiphosphatidylserine/prothrombin complex antibodies (aPS/PT) are risk factors for thrombosis, yet further validation of their clinical relevance in different ethnic groups is required. We investigated the performance of aPS/PT of IgA/G/M isotypes among Sudanese and Swedish systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.

Methods

Consecutive SLE patients/matched controls from Sudan (n = 91/102) and Sweden (n = 332/163) were included. All patients fulfilled the 1982 ACR SLE classification criteria. IgA/G/M of aPS/PT, anti-cardiolipin and anti-β2glycoprotein I (anti-β2GPI) were tested in both cohorts, and lupus anticoagulant (LA) also in the Swedish cohort. Clinical antiphospholipid syndrome-related events and atherosclerosis, measured as carotid plaques were assessed for associations. Univariate and multivariate analyses adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors were performed.

Results

Sudanese SLE patients had higher levels of IgM aPS/PT, but using national cut-offs, the frequency of positivity was similar to Swedish patients for all isotypes. Among Swedish patients, all isotypes of aPS/PT associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE), while only IgA aPS/PT associated with arterial thrombosis (AT). aPS/PT antibodies associated strongly with LA and they were, independently, the best predictor for VTE. Double positivity for aPS/PT and anti-β2GPI associated with higher VTE risk than the conventional triple positivity. Carotid plaques did not associate with any antiphospholipid antibody.

Conclusions

IgA aPS/PT associated with AT, and the association of IgG/M aPS/PT with VTE outperforms LA and criteria antiphospholipid antibodies in Swedish SLE patients. Furthermore, double positivity for aPS/PT and anti-β2GPI performed better than conventional triple positivity. Future studies need to address if aPS/PT can replace LA, as this would simplify clinical procedures.
Feasibility and preliminary data for a State-wide South Carolina Lupus Registry
Authors: Smalls Brittany L , Faith Trevor D , Johnson Hetlena , Williams Edith M
Published: May 2021

Background

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or lupus is an autoimmune disorder whose cause and reason for disproportionate impact on minorities remains enigmatic. Furthermore, statistics describing lupus incidence and prevalence are outdated and often based on small samples. To begin to address this disparity this report describes preliminary data to be utilized in the development of a state-wide lupus registry in South Carolina.

Methods

A prospective survey and retrospective data from the South Carolina Budget and Control Board Office of Research & Statistics were used to capture data pertaining to knowledge of lupus, prevalence, and access to lupus care.

Results

Retrospective ORS data indicated there were 11,690 individuals living with lupus in 2014 with the average direct cost of $69,999.40 in medical care. Prospective surveys (N = 325), in over 16 locations in South Carolina, showed 31% knew someone with lupus, 16% had been diagnosed with lupus, and 50% did not know of a medical facility that treated lupus.

Conclusion

A lupus registry and repository will provide ongoing access for researchers on the impact of lupus on communities in South Carolina. Lupus is highly prevalent, but disproportionately represented in terms of patient information and participation in clinical trials, so it is also expected that this preliminary work will provide an ongoing process in which the medical community can better engage lupus patients.
Survival models induced by zero-modified power series discrete frailty: Application with a melanoma data set
Authors: Molina Katy C , Calsavara Vinicius F , Tomazella Vera D , Milani Eder A
Published: May 2021

Survival models with a frailty term are presented as an extension of Cox’s proportional hazard model, in which a random effect is introduced in the hazard function in a multiplicative form with the aim of modeling the unobserved heterogeneity in the population. Candidates for the frailty distribution are assumed to be continuous and non-negative. However, this assumption may not be true in some situations. In this paper, we consider a discretely distributed frailty model that allows units with zero frailty, that is, it can be interpreted as having long-term survivors. We propose a new discrete frailty-induced survival model with a zero-modified power series family, which can be zero-inflated or zero-deflated depending on the parameter value. Parameter estimation was obtained using the maximum likelihood method, and the performance of the proposed models was performed by Monte Carlo simulation studies. Finally, the applicability of the proposed models was illustrated with a real melanoma cancer data set.
Role of the Immune Microenvironment in SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Ye Chih-Hung , Hsu Wen-Lin , Peng Guan-Ru , Yu Wei-Chieh , Lin Wei-Chen , Hu SuiYun , Yu Shu-Han
Published: May 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) first emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and has since spread rapidly worldwide. As researchers seek to learn more about COVID-19, the disease it causes, this novel virus continues to infect and kill. Despite the socioeconomic impacts of SARS-CoV-2 infections and likelihood of future outbreaks of other pathogenic coronaviruses, options to prevent or treat coronavirus infections remain limited. In current clinical trials, potential coronavirus treatments focusing on killing the virus or on preventing infection using vaccines largely ignore the host immune response. The relatively small body of current research on the virus indicates pathological responses by the immune system as the leading cause for much of the morbidity and mortality caused by COVID-19. In this review, we investigated the host innate and adaptive immune responses against COVID-19, collated information on recent COVID-19 experimental data, and summarized the systemic immune responses to and histopathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Finally, we summarized the immune-related biomarkers to define patients with high-risk and worst-case outcomes, and identified the possible usefulness of inflammatory markers as potential immunotherapeutic targets. This review provides an overview of current knowledge on COVID-19 and the symptomatological differences between healthy, convalescent, and severe cohorts, while offering research directions for alternative immunoregulation therapeutic targets.
The intricacies of counting to four in Old English poetry
Authors: Cornelius Ian , Weiskott Eric
Published: May 2021

The metrical theory devised by Eduard Sievers and refined by A. J. Bliss forms the basis for most current scholarship on Old English meter. A weakness of the Sievers–Bliss theory is that it occupies a middle ground between two levels of analytic description, distinguished by Roman Jakobson in an influential article as ‘verse instance’ and ‘verse design’. Metrists in the Sievers–Bliss tradition employ a concept of metrical position (a key component of verse design), yet the focus of attention usually remains on the contours of stress of individual verses. Important exceptions are the studies of Thomas Cable and Nicolay Yakovlev. The theoretical innovations of Cable and Yakovlev, among others, enable a more concise presentation of verse design than anyone writing on the subject has yet offered. The present essay attempts to show what such a presentation might look like, while also giving due acknowledgment to the complexities of position-count in this meter. We presume no prior knowledge of the Sieversian system. Illustrations are drawn principally from Cædmon’s Hymn and the Seafarer.
An insight into thermal stability and decomposition kinetics of polybenzoxazine plasma treated graphene nanocomposites
Authors: Karbalaei-Bagher Milad , Ahmadi Zahed , Nazockdast Hossein
Published: May 2021

This research was targeted to investigate the effect of oxygen plasma treated graphene nanosheets (tGNSs) on the thermal stability of benzoxazine resin and to have a further and deeper mechanistic understanding of thermal decomposition kinetics of such nanocomposites in 0.5, 1 and 3 wt% of tGNS. The samples were prepared as reported in our previous study. The quality of dispersion of tGNSs within benzoxazine was investigated by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique. Also, to ensure the complete curing of samples the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis was performed. Using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), it was found that the addition of tGNS improved the char yield and thermal stability parameter of benzoxazine nanocomposites and this improvement was more prominent at 1% and higher amount of nanoparticles. Moreover, the first stage of thermal degradation kinetic of benzoxazine was disappeared above 1 wt% of tGNS. The samples were kinetically analyzed through Kissinger, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Friedman and Coats-Redfern method. It was revealed that the overall activation energy was enhanced from 168 to 224 kJ mol−1 and 275 to 420 kJ mol−1 for the second and third stage of degradation using 1 and 3 wt% of tGNS.
Green composites and their contribution toward sustainability: A review
Authors: Vázquez-Núñez Edgar , Avecilla-Ramírez Andrea M , Vergara-Porras Berenice , López-Cuellar María del Rocío
Published: May 2021

The current world environment scenario demands new and more eco-friendly solutions to global problems that cover the demands for materials. This sector has included green polymer-based composites and natural reinforcers from origins of renewable sources, these Green Composites (GC), natural-fiber-reinforced bio-composites in which the matrix is a bio-based polymer, have shown attractive characteristics. Biodegradability is one of the most important attributes for these new “green” materials, in that this characteristic allows for their introduction into the world market as an environmental solution. The manufacturing processes for obtaining these materials have observed important improvements because each raw material exhibits different properties and characteristics and their eco-friendly character has facilitated its incorporation into diverse sectors, such as construction, automotive, packaging, and medicine, among others. At present, this segment represents an important income for some economies, especially those where these resources are available, enhancing the creation of green economies, strengthening the world’s efforts toward sustainability.
Pathogenic viruses as a global commons: The shared responsibility of pandemics
Authors: Teo Tessa Sze-Myn
Published: May 2021

In light of the Covid-19 pandemic, the international community’s approach towards pathogenic viruses needs to be re-evaluated. This commentary notes that attempts to justify viral sovereignty, either under treaties or general principles of sovereignty, are flawed. Instead, viruses share more similarities with global commons and should be treated as such. More specifically, viruses should be regarded as the shared responsibility of international society, given that all countries are responsible for the continued spread of their diseases and all stand to benefit from their eradication.
Introduction: Ambidextrous Open Innovation in the 4th Industrial Revolution
Authors: Yun Jinhyo Joseph , Liu Zheng , Zhao Xiaofei
Published: May 2021

With the popularity of artificial intelligence, big data and Internet of Things, business nowadays is featured with technology advancement, open innovation and collaboration. This happens particularly in the manufacturing sectors, known as the Industrial 4.0 or the 4th Industrial Revolution. Alongside this trend, there is also a movement towards servitisation and service innovation. In the financial service sector, FinTech firms, traditional large firms, intermediaries, users and regulators are actively engaged together to develop a smart system of banking, investing and insurance service. Nevertheless, the sector is facing challenges in relation to security, trust and external disruptions. To solve this, first, this article builds an ambidextrous open innovation model with multi-dimensions, which are motivated by the arriving of the 4th Industrial Revolution. Second, this article applies the ambidextrous open innovation model with multi-dimensions to the financial sectors to validate the model basically. Third, this model is applied to several research studies to obtain additional validation of it.
A Sociocultural Perspective on Malnutrition in Children: Evidence from POSHAN Programme, Rajasthan
Authors: Dandekar Ajay , Sivaraman Shobana , Gorla Ishank , Ghai Rahul , Mangal D. K. , Gupta Shiv Dutt
Published: May 2021

Integrated Management of Acute Malnutrition or POSHAN Phase 2.0 was implemented in 20 districts of Rajasthan in 2018. After 12 weeks of outpatient therapeutic care of children with Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM), 70.4% children were cured, 12.2% defaulted and 17.4% were non-recovered and referred to Malnutrition Treatment Centres for facility treatment. The research study attempts to (a) study the sociocultural factors at the family level responsible for varying numbers of cured, defaulted and non-recovered SAM children at different localities; (b) explore the probability of the SAM children staying healthy post successful treatment at community settings without any external intervention; and (c) explore the possible approaches beyond the emergency medical response to develop a long-term strategy to address malnutrition in children. The insights and cues gained from the phenomenology of individual experiences help us understand the structural elements that undergird a healthy living. It was observed that irrespective of socio-demographic characteristics and food basket of a family, all the SAM children had a troubled medical history and/or low birth weight. The research findings also point out that a rise in income alone does not automatically lead to increased nutritional food intake. It is also important to see the issue of malnutrition in the larger context of the agrarian crisis that has cast its shadow over the rural landscape. For sustainable and lasting solutions, it is essential to shift to and promote farming practices that facilitate indigenous, locally produced and culturally acceptable nutrition from supplementary foods.
System Dynamics Analysis of Sugarcane Supply Chain in Indian Sugar Industry
Authors: Singh Sandeep , Srivastava Samir K. , Jangirala Srinivas
Published: May 2021

Presently, there is high turbulence in the Indian sugar industry. The misalignment of the incentives of major stakeholders is leading the industry to a vicious downslide. Hence, it becomes important to study the current situation, its dynamics and future trends under different circumstances. In this paper, we have established the relationship between different variables and parameters using the systems dynamic approach to model the dynamics of sustainability of the sugar industry in Uttar Pradesh (UP), India. Our study revealed that to achieve sustainable development, the sugar industry must improve on resource utilization, operating cost, better supply chain coordination and transparent information flow. Based on our analysis, operational and policy level recommendations have been suggested to help the industry achieve sustainable development and improve performance.
Analysis and Comparison of State-of-the-Art Fuzzy Multi-criteria Decision-making Methods Under Different Levels of Uncertainty
Authors: Hinduja Akshay , Pandey Manju
Published: May 2021

Often, data in multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problems are imprecise and changeable due to the mandatory participation of human judgement, which is often unclear and vague. Besides, different MCDM methods may produce different results under different levels of uncertainty and require divergent levels of computational resources. Therefore, the quality of the decision and the amount of effort are heavily affected by selection of the MCDM method. With the regular proliferation of such methods and their modifications, it is important to carry out a comparative study that provides comprehensive insight into their performances under uncertain conditions. In this study, we use the randomized quasi-Monte Carlo simulation approach to compare empirically the results produced by 12 classic and contemporary fuzzy MCDM (FMCDM) approaches with rank-reversal perspective over increasing uncertainty in various decision scenarios. Furthermore, this study also investigates the similarity between ranks produced by each pair of methods for the same decision problems. The study further compares the results obtained by quasi-Monte Carlo simulation with the results obtained by Monte Carlo simulation. The findings of this study will assist decision-makers in the selection of most appropriate fuzzy MCDM approach for different decision scenarios. The results of this research are significant additions to the current repository of knowledge in the multi-criteria decision analysis as well as the literature pertaining to the Information Systems. It also provides insights for many managerial applications of these MCDM methods.
Systematic Literature Review on Importance of Limited Resource Model in Health-oriented Behaviours
Authors: Gupta Astha , Sharma Kirti , Srivastava Ritu
Published: May 2021

This article aims to review research on the relationship between self-control and health-oriented behaviours (healthy eating, physical exercise, smoking and alcohol abstinence) using the strength or limited resource model. The present work also aims to discuss alternative explanations for why initial acts of self-control impair subsequent adherence to health-oriented behaviours. The authors adopted the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines to conduct a systematic review. Database searches were performed to identify 25 articles, published in English from 2000 to 2020, that empirically tested the theory in the health domain. The available evidence supported the relationship between self-control and health-oriented behaviours, and the performance of health-oriented behaviours was found to reduce self-control resources. Mixed findings exist regarding the impact of a number of mediators and moderators in strengthening the relationship, and few studies have attempted to explain the mechanisms behind the controversial concept of ego depletion or the factors that can facilitate the performance of health behaviours under depletion conditions. Gaps in the reviewed studies were identified and the review highlighted the role of mediators and moderators. A decision-making framework is proposed (which can be tested in the future) to explain the role of dispositional self-control in health behaviours and how health behaviours can be facilitated, even in a state of low self-control.
Child Undernutrition in the States of India: An Analysis Based on Change in Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure from 2006 to 2016
Authors: Jith J. R. , Bedamatta Rajshree
Published: May 2021

Stunting, wasting and underweight—the three traditional indicators of undernourishment among children—provide mutually non-exclusive categories of anthropometric failures: low height for age, low weight for height and low weight for age. Although these indicators are essential for designing specific clinical and child nutrition policy interventions, they fall short of estimating the prevalence of overall anthropometric failure, which provides a sense of the scale of the nutrition problem. This article estimates the alternative, more comprehensive measure Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) for Indian states, based on data from the National Family Health surveys of 2006 and 2016, for children under five years (Ch–U5). The CIAF-based undernutrition estimates show significantly high anthropometric failure levels among Indian children compared to only stunting, wasting and underweight. Based on population projections for Ch–U5, we also show that a sizeable number of states may have seen an increase in child undernutrition between 2006 and 2016. We also correlated CIAF with household wealth index scores and found a positive relationship with children facing no anthropometric failure.
Turkish Housing Market Dynamics: An Estimated DSGE Model
Authors: Yıldırım Mustafa Ozan , İvrendi Mehmet
Published: May 2021

In this article, we investigate the underlying driving dynamics behind house price variations in Turkey by estimating a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model in which the housing market and collateral constraints are included. The model also analyses the interaction between macroeconomic variables and the housing market by making policy simulations under different loan-to-value (LTV) ratios, which are used as a housing market-specific economic policy tool. The model is extended by including the traditional Taylor rule with house prices for representing monetary policy. Our findings show that house prices in Turkey are largely explained by housing preference shocks. Besides, we find that monetary policy shock plays a small role in determining the variables of the housing market in the short-term period. However, the magnitude of the impact of housing market shocks on the rest of the economy depends on the LTV ratios. The higher the LTV ratio, the higher are the effects of the government’s housing policy instrument for stabilising the housing market on real macroeconomic variables such as consumption and output in Turkey. Finally, our findings show that the fluctuations in house prices have not played a substantial role in the monetary policy reaction function of Turkey.

JEL Codes: E32, E52, E44, E51, R31
Maritime Security Cooperation Between India and Indonesia: Imperatives, Status and Prospects
Authors: Gopal Prakash , Alverdian Indra
Published: May 2021

India and Indonesia are two key emerging economies in the Indo-Pacific region—both with a strong reliance on the maritime domain for sustained economic growth. After a relatively tumultuous phase in their bilateral relations during the Cold War, the countries have embarked on a path of reconciliation and developing stronger ties.

During this phase, there has understandably been a strong focus on enhancing maritime security cooperation between them, so as to obtain positive bilateral and regional outcomes. This has gained impetus in recent years with congruence of thought at the political level in both New Delhi and Jakarta. However, the many institutional mechanisms developed over the years have not been as effective in engendering tangible security outcomes in the region. Both countries—and indeed the Indo-Pacific region—would decidedly benefit from focusing on key areas of cooperation in maritime security that promise mutually beneficial operational outcomes and the prospect of establishing long-term cooperative mechanisms in the Indo-Pacific region.