bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HADIS KHITAN PADA PEREMPUAN: Kajian Kritik Matan Sebagai Upaya Mengakhiri Diskriminasi Gender
Authors: Rosyid Moh.
Published: July 2020

Tujuan ditulisnya naskah ini untuk memaparkan praktik mengkhitan pada anak perempuan di Pantai Utara Jawa Tengah (Pantura Jateng) bagian timur meliputi sebagian wilayah Kabupaten Demak, Kudus, Jepara, Pati, dan Rembang. Data diperoleh dengan wawancara dengan pelaku khitan (pengkhitan) yang analisisnya berpijak pada hadis tentang khitan dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Mengkhitan berlandaskan hadis Nabi ”al-khitanu sunnatu li ar-rijal makrumatun li an-nisa” (Khitan itu sunah bagi lelaki dan kemulyaan bagi perempuan”). Berdasarkan takhrijul al-hadis, hadis nomor 19794 bersumber dari Ahmad bin Hambal dan Usamah, bersandar pada Suraij sebagai sanad pertama. Sanad hadis bersambung tapi tidak semua perawinya tsiqoh,  kredibilitasnya diperdebatkan dan sanadnya dloif. Tetapi pelaksanaan khitan pada anak perempuan membudaya dengan ragam model, bila tidak dikhitan dicemooh lingkungannya. Dampak secara luas, data Unicef tahun 2015 hasil survei tahun 2013 di 33 provinsi di Indonesia, di 497 kota dan 300.000 rumah tangga, lebih dari separuh jumlah anak perempuan usia di bawah enam bulan dikhitan dengan memotong klitoris. Kondisi ini menempatkan Indonesia pada urutan ketiga praktik sunat setelah Mesir dan Ethiopia. Hal ini diperkuat adanya pandangan masyarakat bahwa perempuan menduduki strata sosial kelas dua setelah laki-laki sehingga lelaki sangat dominan memutuskan ragam hal. Pemahaman terhadap hadis khitan tersebut perlu diluruskan agar dampak khitan di bidang kesehatan yang diderita anak perempuan tidak berkelanjutan.
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI STARTER Saccharomyces cerevisiae DAN LAMA FERMENTASI TERHADAP RENDEMEN DAN MUTU MINYAK KELAPA
Authors: BARLINA RINDENGAN , KAROUW STEIVIE , PASANG PATRIK M.
Published: July 2020

Untuk mendapatkan cara pengolahan minyak kelapa yang lebih eisien dalam menghasilkan rendemen dan mutu yang tinggi dan tahan simpan serta aman dikonsumsi telah dilakukan penelitian pengaruh konsentrasi starter Saccharomyces cerevisiae dan lama fermentasi terhadap rendemen mutu minyak kelapa. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Balai Penelitian Tanaman Kelapa dan Palma Lain Manado dan Kebun Percobaan Mapanget sejak bulan Maret sampai Desember 2001. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap disusun secara faktorial, yaitu faktor A adalah konsentrasi starter Saccharomyces cerevisiae, terdiri dari 0%, 0.25%, 0.35%, 0.45% dan faktor B adalah lama fermentasi krim. terdiri dari 0 jam, 12 jam, dan 24 jam. Ulangan dilakukan sebanyak 2 kali. Hasil penelitian diperoleh rendemen minyak tertinggi 23.83% pada fermentasi krim selama 24 jam. Mutu minyak kelapa yang dihasilkan sebagai berikut kadar air 0.03 - 0.18%, asam lemak bebas 0.15 - 0.29%, warna bening dan bau harum/ normal, bilangan peroksida berkisar 0.20 - 0.40 meq/kg, mutu minyak kelapa tersebut memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 01-2902-1992.

Kata kunci: Minyak kelapa, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, konsentrasi, fermentasi. rendemen, mutu

 

ABCTRACT

Effect of concentration of stater Saccharomyces cerevisiae and duration of fermentation on the content and quality of coconut oil

Research on the effect of concentration of starter Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the content and quality of coconut oil was conducted at the Laboratory of Indonesian Coconut and Palmae Research Institute (ICOPRI) and Mapanget Research Instalation from March to December 2001. The objective of the research was to find out the effective technique and processing of coconut oil. The research used a completely randomized design with 2 factors and 2 replications. Factor A was the concentration of starter Saccharomyces cerevisiae of 0%, 0.25%, 0.35%, 0.45% and factor B was duration of fermentation consist of 0 hour, 12 hours, and 24 hours. The results showed that the highest yield of coconut oil is 23.83% was obtained by fermented coconut cream for 24 hours. The coconut oil had good quality with moisture content about 0.03 to 0.18%, free fatty acid content about 0.15 to 0.29%, colorless, good smell and peroxide value about 0.20 - 0.40 mcq/kg, the quality of coconut oil fulfilled the requirements of Indonesian National Standard (Standar Nasional Indonesia/SNI 01-2902-1992).

Key words: Coconut oil, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. concentration, fermentation, yield and quality
PENGARUH CEKAMAN AIR TERHADAP PRODUKSI DAN MUTU SIMPLISIA TEMPUYUNG (Sonchus arvensis L.)
Authors: RAHARDJO MONO , DARWATI IRENG
Published: July 2020

Effect of water stress on the production and quality of Sonchus arvensis L.

Study on water stress in Sonchus arvensis L was conducted to improve the quality and production of leaves. Pot experiment was conducted at geen house Bogor Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops from July to November 1996, with 7 kg latosol dry soil of Cimanggu Bogor per pot. Randomized block design with four replications were used. Eight treatments of water stess and casting were applied i.e. (I) 100% field capacity (FC) no casting, (2) 100% FC + casting, (3) 80% FC + casting with water stress started at 30 days alter planting (dap), (4) 60% FC + casting with water stess started at 30 dap, (5) 40% FC + casting with water stress started at 30 dap, (6) 80% FC + casting with water stress started at 50 DAP, (7) 60% FC + casting with water stress started at 50 dap, (8) 40% FC + casting with water stress started at 50 dap. Results showed that chlorophyl content leaf aea, fresh and dry weight of leaves deceased at a water stress of 60% FC strated al 30 dap the higher the water stress the lower the measurement of those parameters, but the higher the content of K and Na. The highest yield of fesh and dry leaves, respectively 53.22 and 4.58 g/plant was produced by the plants treated in 100% PC + casting. The plant treated in 40% FC started at 30 dap resulted in the highest quality of simplisia indicated by the highest content of K (8.2%) and Na (0.227%). With the treatment, K and Na conlent increased by 13.6 and 95.7% espectively and the dry weight of simplisia decreased by 62.9%.
WAKTU TANAM KAPAS DI SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: RIAJAYA PRIMA D. , SHOLEH M. , KADARWATI F. T. , RIZAL M.
Published: July 2020

Cotton Planting Times in South Sulawesi

Climatic elements particularly the rainfall strongly influences successful production of rainfed cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Planting times determined based on more than 20 years daily rainfall data. The rainfall was analyzed using Markov Chain First Order Probability and dryspell probability methods The rainfall data were collected from 46 rainfall stations over Jeneponto, Soppeng, Wajo, Gowa, Bone. Bulukumba. Bantaeng, and Takalar. The planting times varied from the irst week to the fourth week of December for Jeneponto, Takalar, and mostly Gowa. The planting times in Soppeng and Wajo were ranged from the third week of February to the third week of March. Morever, cotton planting times in Bone and Bulukumba were ranged from the third week of March to the third week of April.
RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PERONTOK LADA MODEL AKSIAL
Authors: HIDAYAT TATANG , RISFAHERI RISFAHERI , NURDJANNAH NANAN
Published: July 2020

Design of axialflow thresherfor pepper

The pepper threshing practice has been carried out using traditional method in which the pepper berries are usually trampled. This method is neither efficient nor higienic, and it also causes high losses of the berries. To overcome those problems, an experiment was carried out to make an axial flow thresher. The experiment was conducted at Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops from April to December 1999. The experiment consisted of three steps, namely designing, constructing and testing. The objective of testing was to determine the optimum operation condition of the thresher. The testing was designed as a completely randomized complete design with three replications. The raw material for testing was pepper berries (Lampung Daun Lebar variety) of 8 - 9 month old. The result showed that the optimum condition for threshing process was 300 rpm cylinder rotation, with the spike separation process using 7.5° sieve angle. The performance of pepper thresher on that condition was : threshing eficiency 98.55%, spikes separation eficiency 89.22%, berries on spikes outlet 5.20% and berries damage 6.30%. The capacity of thresher was 260.56 kg raw material/hour. The operational cost was Rp 27.28/kg raw material, lower than that of the traditional threshing method (Rp 50/kg raw material).
POLA PERTUMBUHAN DAN SERAPAN HARA Echinacea purpurea
Authors: RAHARDJO MONO , SUDIARTO SUDIARTO , SMD ROSITA , SUKARMAN SUKARMAN
Published: July 2020

Growth pattern and nutrient uptake of Echinacea purpurea

Echinacea purpurea or purple cone flower, belongs lo Aslcraceac family which grown naturally in Noth America. The plant known as is Ihe number one Immune herbs in the world, since it has a greal potential lor improving and developing leukocyte cell activity. Recently, Echinacea has been evalualcd/tcsled as adjuvant in cancer therapy, AIDS and chronic exhaustion. Echinacea purpurea is more potential for immunity improvement lhan those of other herbal medicine. Therefore, the study on its growlh rale, growth pattern, and nutrient uptake in a new tropical environmental condition is very important in order lo suppot its cultivation technology, lo identify the growth pattern, growlh rale, nutrient uptake, and simplisia quality. A ield trial had been conducted in Cipanas at 1 100 m above sea level (asl) in 1999-2000. Plot size was 4x3 m, and plant spacing was 50 x 40 cm. Ten samples was taken from each growth stage of the plants. The growth stages were (I) vegetative I (VI) at I month alter planting (map), (2) vegetative 2 (V2) al 1 .5 map, (3) generative I (Gl) at 2 0 map, (4) generative 2 (G2) at 2.5 map. (5) generative 3 (G3) at 3.0 map. and (6) generative 4 (G4) al 3.5 map. The results of the research showed thai growth rate, nutrient uptake of N, P. K. Mg. and S linearly increased in line with Ihe increase of plan! ages The highest dry weight accumulation was found on aerial part of plant (slem I leal), and the lowest was occurred on root pat. The amount of dry weight accumulation was 75.72 g/plnul. and nutrient uptake oIN, P. K.Ca, Mg, and S. respective!) was 1529.1. 1 40.01. 1943.25, 654.59. 358.66. and 88.57 mg/plant.
STABILITAS HASIL BEBERAPA GALUR JARAK
Authors: MARDJONO RUSIM , SUDARMO HADI , SUPRIJONO .
Published: July 2020

Penelitian mi dilaksanakan di dua lokasi yaitu di Sandubaya (l-ombok Timur. NTB) dan Bayan (I-ombok Barat, NTB) dilakukan pada musim lanam 1998/1999 dan 1999/2000 bulan Nopember 1998 sampai dengan September 2000. Penelitian ini bertujuan unluk mem¬ peroleh galur-galur unggul jarak bcrproduktivitas tinggi, dan spcsiik di Kawasan Timur Indonesia. Galur yang diuji sebanyak 9 galur harapan yaitu RC.67, RC.74. RC.86, RC.104, RC.106, RC.220, RC.221, RC.64, KF.VIII dan sebagai pembanding digunakan 3 varietas komersial yaitu Asembagus 22, Asembagus 60 dan Asembagus 81. Penelitian mengguna¬ kan rancangan acak kelompok dengan ulangan 3 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 3 galur unggul yaitu RC.67, RC.221 dan RC.64, yang sama potensi dengan varietas Asb.81, mempunyai adaptasi luas (varietas stabil). Dua galur lainnya yaitu RC.74 dan RC.104 beradaplasi sempit (spesiik lokasi) sesuai untuk daerah Bayan Nusa Tenggara Barat

Kata kunci : Ricmus commums, stabilitas hasil, spesifik lokasi

 

ABSTRACT

Yield Stability of Castor Lines

The experiment was conducted in two locations at Sandubaya (East I-ombok) and Bayan (West lombok), in planting session 1998/1999 and 1999/2000 from November 1998 to September 2000 This experiment was aimed to ind oul superior lines of castor, high productivities, that can be developed in speciic dry area in easten pat of Indonesia. The trial was arranged in randomized block design with 3 replications. Nine lines, RC.67, RC.74, RC.86, RC.104. RC.106. RC.220, RC. 221, RC6I, KF.VIII and 3 control varieties, Asembagus 22, Asembagus 60 and Asembagus 81 were used as treatment. Results of this experiment found out 3 superior lines: RC 67, RC.221 and RC.64, which have the same potential with Asb.81 variety, have broad adaptation (stable lines). Two other lines : RC.74 and RC.104 have narrow adaptation (speciic location) just for Bayan. West Nusa Tenggara.

Key words: Ricmus commums, yield stability, specific location
Factors Affecting Technology Adoption of Geoisolator on Solar Saltworks in East Java Province
Authors: Ariyani Aminah Happy Moninthofa , Harianto Harianto , Suharno Suharno , Syaukat Yusman
Published: July 2020

Large quantity and high-quality salt are demanded in Indonesia, yet the quality of salt produced by farmers is still low. Increasing salt quantity and quality is possibly done through the implementation of geoisolator technology. This study aimed to investigate factors affecting the decision of salt farmers to adopt geoisolator technology. The study was conducted at the salt production center in Madura Island. A survey on salt farmer was carried out during August-September 2018. A total of 190 respondents consisted of 131 salt farmers who adopted geoisolator technology and 59 traditional salt farmers were selected as a sample in this study. Factors affecting farmer decision to adopt geoisolator technology was analyzed using logit (logistic regression) model. The result of this study showed that the decision of salt farmer to adopt geoisolator technology was affected by the number of productive-age family members and the number of dependent family members, land area, farmer participation in the group, farmer participation in extension. Enhancement in the adoption of geoisolator technology needs synergy between extension agent and salt farmer group so that the mentoring process and knowledge transfer will be achieved.
Risk Associated with Corn Farming in Madura Island
Authors: Fauziyah Elys
Published: July 2020

Corn play an essential role in providing food and feed for living things in Madura Island and other parts of the country. More than 80% of the Madura Island farmer, plant this commodity, thereby, making it a productive farming activity in this region. However, its level of productivity is still below average due to the farmers' risk preference. This research, therefore, aims to analyze the risk preferences and inputallocation used in corn farming. The multistage sampling was used to collect data from a total of 120 people in Bangkalan, Sampang, Pamekasan, and Sumenep Regencies located in Madura, while the Kumbhakar parametric model was used to analyze risks. The results showed that farmers are in the Risk Averse category due to poor utilization of seeds, manure, labor, and NPK fertilizer, compared to the recommended level of usage.
El proceso de salvataje de entidades deportivas en el Derecho Concursal de la Argentina.
Authors: E. Gerbaudo Germán
Published: July 2020

En este trabajo se analiza el proceso concursal de salvataje de entidades deportivas previsto en la legislación concursal argentina. Se señala la necesidad de una solución concursal especial, se estudian los presupuestos del proceso y se proponen reformas a la regulación vigente.
Impacto de la ley de apoyo a los emprendedores y a su internacionalización. Nuevos criterios de aplicación.
Authors: Ortega Giménez Alfonso , Castellanos Cabezuelo Ángela
Published: July 2020

Hasta nueve Ministerios participan en la elaboración de uno de los proyectoslegislativos más emblemáticos del Gobierno del Presidente Rajoy (la Ley 14/2013, de 27 de septiembre, de apoyo a los Emprendedores y su Internacionalización) que revisa toda la normativa relativa al empleo y al emprendedurismo y afecta tanto al diseño de las materias en la Educación Primaria como a la política de concesión de visados de residencia del Gobierno.El conjunto de medidas que prevé la Ley pretende, entre otros, atraer inversores, emprendedores, trabajadores que efectúen movimientos intraempresariales, profesionales altamente cualificados e investigadores. Las medidas implementadas en la Ley, en definitiva, permitirán aumentar la competitividad de la economía de nuestro país, puesto que incentivará la internacionalización de las empresas.  Este articulo pretende, de una forma sencilla, ágil y con un enfoque práctico, analizar los nuevos criterios de aplicación de la Ley 14/2013, de 27 de septiembre, de Apoyo a los Emprendedores y su Internacionalización [Ley 14/2013, de 27 de septiembre, de apoyo a los emprendedores y su internacionalización (BOE núm. 233, de 28 de septiembre de 2013)].
GEODIVERSIDADE NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO TENENTE AMARAL – MT
Authors: Jesuz Cleberson Ribeiro de , Santos Ingrid Regina da Silva
Published: July 2020

As intervenções das últimas décadas dos agentes sociais na constituição dos aspectos naturais se tornam cada dia mais intenso e danoso para o resguardo dos patrimônios geológicos, isto é, da geodiversidade terrestre. Assim, propõe-se em escala de bacia hidrográfica determinar os principais pontos de geodiversidade de um determinado território no sudeste do estado de Mato Grosso, a bacia do rio Tenente Amaral, utilizando de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto e geoprocessamento foram levantados cerca de 48 possíveis pontos de interesse. Que devido as suas características naturais foram divididas em três momentos, quedas d’água/aproveitamento energético, cachoeiras/ecoturismo e escarpas/afloramentos rochosos. Os principais resultados obtidos ainda que preliminares apontam que os patrimônios analisados necessitam de maiores levantamentos, e práticas de estudos/conhecimentos para determinar ações de resguardo e proteção por serem importantes para a vida social dos habitantes, e com grande apelo a ações de turismo.
VARIABILIDADE PLUVIOMÉTRICA DO ESTADO DO MATO GROSSO NA SÉRIE TEMPORAL DE 1998 A 2017
Authors: Pereira Taísa das Dores , Santos Bruno César dos , Neves Gustavo Zen de Figueiredo
Published: July 2020

O estado do Mato Grosso possui uma grande biodiversidade composta por três biomas e uma vasta rede hidrográfica. O estudo tem como objetivo analisar a variabilidade e a estatística das chuvas no Mato Grosso, no período de 1998 a 2017. Como metodologia, foram utilizados dados diários de 16 postos pluviométricos espalhados pelo Estado do Mato Grosso para a elaboração de pluviogramas e descrições estatísticas. Devido a grande variabilidade temporal e espacial da chuva, foram definidas 4 classes de porcentagem de precipitação, sendo 0,1-20,0 mm, 20,1-50,0 mm, 50,1-100,0 mm, >100,0 mm, organizadas em classes de eventos de chuva. Como resultados, identificou-se o predomínio da classe 1 de chuva com até 20,0 mm, seguida pelas classes 2 e 3, respectivamente. O regime de precipitação anual dos postos pluviométricos apresenta uma ampla variação temporal e espacial sobre o Estado.
IMPACTO DA MONOCULTURA DA SOJA NA AGRICULTURA CAMPONESA: UM ESTUDO SOBRE AS MUDANÇAS NA PRODUÇÃO DE LEITE NO ASSENTAMENTO ITAMARATI I – FETAGRI/MS
Authors: Camacho Rodrigo Simão , Almeida Denise Camilo de , Conceição Cristiano Almeida da
Published: July 2020

Neste artigo, propomos estudar e responder algumas questões sobre a situação em que se encontra a forma de trabalho dos assentados na FETAGRI grupo sete Bacia Leiteira no assentamento Itamarati I - MS. O motivo pelo qual nos propomos a fazer a pesquisa foi para entender como pensam as pessoas que estão envolvidas nesse processo, qual é o impacto que a produção da monocultura da soja tem causado no grupo e o que tem levado os produtores a seguirem por este caminho. Em nossa metodologia fizemos um trabalho de campo com um roteiro de perguntas que facilitou a conversa com os entrevistados.  Consideramos que este estudo será relevante para as pessoas que se interessam pelo debate da produção familiar e para entender a influência do agronegócio no assentamento Itamarati, Ponta Porã-MS.
MANEJO E CONSERVAÇÃO DE NASCENTES NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO MARAPANIM (PA)
Authors: Farias Marília Gabriela de Sena , Lima Aline Maria Meiguins de , Silva Junior João de Athaydes
Published: July 2020

A bacia do rio Marapanim, localizada na zona costeira da Amazônia Oriental, representa um exemplo do confronto, entre o uso das águas e do território; neste trabalho foi avaliado o grau de integridade de nascentes em diferentes ambientes desta, em conjunto com as formas de uso da terra associadas. Foram considerados parâmetros macroscópicos das águas, a percepção social do uso das águas e o cenário das formas de uso da terra. O verificado indica um alto grau de alteração das nascentes, percebido pela população residente no entorno destas, porém sem a compreensão exata das causas e consequências. Destacando as ações de manejo como prioritárias principalmente no seu alto curso.
PROPOSTA DIDÁTICA AO ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS SUBSIDIADA POR CONCEITOS/PRINCÍPIOS DA ALFABETIZAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA: O CASO DO PATRIMÔNIO GEOLÓGICO DE CAÇAPAVA DO SUL/RS/BRASIL
Authors: Corrêa Ana Paula Souza , Silva da Silva André Luís , Carvalho Cleonice  de Ávila
Published: July 2020

O município de Caçapava do Sul/RS/Brasil constitui-se de uma tradicional escola de ensino e pesquisa em geociências, visto a reconhecida importância científica de seu patrimônio geológico, o qual igualmente representa um vasto potencial ao desenvolvimento sustentável, promovido por iniciativas relacionadas ao geoturismo. Nesse contexto, apresenta-se neste artigo uma proposta didática que busca promover a percepção e interpretação do patrimônio geológico de Caçapava do Sul, com vistas à qualificação dos processos de ensino e aprendizagem das Ciências, e áreas correlatas, possibilitando a aproximação de sua comunidade escolar à temática da geodiversidade local. Subjazendo-se em elementos da geodiversidade e em suas perspectivas de aderência ao currículo do Ensino Fundamental demarcado no Referencial Curricular Gaúcho, propõe-se, por meio de uma sequência didática teórico-metodologicamente estruturada, utilizar-se de conceitos e de princípios da Alfabetização Científica ao fomento de uma educação comprometida com a valorização do patrimônio local, reverberando em uma percepção ambiental criticamente fundamentada nos âmbitos social, cultural, político e ambiental.
ENTREVISTA COM PROFESSOR LUIZ GONZAGA FALCÃO VASCONCELLOS
Authors: Oliveira Neto Thiago , Braga Eduardo Henrique Freitas , Vasconcellos Luiz Gonzaga Falcão
Published: July 2020

Entrevista realizada pela Internet, no dia 14.11.2018 – Manaus / AM e Uberlândia / MG. Entrevistado:  Luiz Gonzaga Falcão Vasconcellos
Texto da entrevista foi revida pelo entrevistado, no período de março a maio de 2020.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO CONFORTO TÉRMICO DA CIDADE DE SANTAŔEM-PA
Authors: Mandú Tiago Bentes , Gomes Ana Carla dos Santos , Coutinho Maytê  Duarte Leal
Published: July 2020

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi caracterizar o conforto térmico da cidade de Santarém, oeste do Pará, por meio da metodologia de Thom proposta em 1959. Para isso, utilizou-se dados diários de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar, coletados a partir de estações meteorológicas automáticas do Aeroporto Internacional Wilson Fonseca que pertence a Rede de Meteorologia da Aeronáutica (REDEMET) no período de 1999 a 2018, totalizando 20 anos de dados. Com base nessas variáveis meteorológicas, calculou-se o índice de desconforto de Thom (ID) que é uma metodologia empírica, capaz de representar o ambiente térmico. Empregou-se a estatística descritiva no intuito de analisar os registros por meio de medidas de posição, dispersão e gráficos, onde o software livre R 3.4.1 foi utilizado para realizar as análises. Os resultados indicam que o desconforto é predominante durante o ano inteiro, com poucos dias confortáveis. Esses resultados ressaltam a necessidade de medidas que busquem a melhoria nas condições térmicas da cidade de Santarém que pode ser feita por meio de arborização e uso de matérias de construções que apresentam baixos níveis de retenção de calor.
Icariside I specifically facilitates ATP or nigericin-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and causes idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity
Authors: Gao Yuan , Bai Zhaofang , Xiao Xiaohe , Xu guang , Niu ming , Wang jiabo , Zhan xiaoyan , Guo yuming , Wang zhilei , Ma li , He tingting , Qin nan , Shi wei
Published: July 2020

Background: Epimedii Folium(EF) is commonly used for treating bone fractures and joint diseases, but the potential hepatotoxicity of EF limits its clinical application. Our previous study confirms that EF could lead to idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (IDILI) and hepatocyte apoptosis, but the mechanism remains unknown. Studies have shown that NLRP3 inflammasome plays an important role in the development of various inflammatory diseases such as IDILI. Specific stimulus-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation may has been a key strategy for lead to liver injury. Therefore, main compounds derived from EF were chosen to test whether the ingredients in EF could activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and to induce IDILI.Methods: Mouse were treated with Icariside I, and then stimulated with inflammasome stimuli and assayed for the production of caspase-1 and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Determination of intracellular potassium, ASC oligomerization as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were used to evaluate the stimulative mechanism of Icariside I on inflammasome activation. Mouse models of NLRP3 diseases were used to test whether Icariside I has hepatocyte apoptosis effects and promoted NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vivo.Results: Icariside I specifically enhances NLRP3 inflammasome activation triggered by ATP or nigericin but not SiO2, poly(I:C) or cytosolic LPS. Additionally, Icariside I does not alter the activation of NLRC4 and AIM2 inflammasomes. Mechanically, Icariside I alone does not induce mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), which is one of the critical upstream events of NLRP3 inflammasome activation; however, Icariside I increases mtROS production induced by ATP or nigericin but not SiO2. Importantly, Icariside I leads to liver injury and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in an LPS-mediated susceptibility mouse model of IDILI, but the effect of Icariside I is absent in the LPS-mediated mice model pretreated with MCC950, which is used to mimic knockdown of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.Conclusions: Our study reveals that Icariside I specifically facilitates ATP or nigericin-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and causes idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity. The findings suggest that Icariside I or EF should be avoided in patients with diseases related to ATP or nigericin-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which may be risk factors for IDILI.
Distinct evolutionary trajectories of V1R clades across mouse species
Authors: Miller Caitlin H , Campbell Polly , Sheehan Michael J
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: Many animals rely heavily on olfaction to navigate their environment. Among rodents, olfaction is crucial for a wide range of social behaviors. The vomeronasal olfactory system in particular plays an important role in mediating social communication, including the detection of pheromones and recognition signals. In this study we examine patterns of vomeronasal type-1 receptor (V1R) evolution in the house mouse and related species within the genus Mus . We report the extent of gene repertoire turnover and conservation among species and clades, as well as the prevalence of positive selection on gene sequences across the V1R tree. By exploring the evolution of these receptors, we provide insight into the functional roles of receptor subtypes as well as the dynamics of gene family evolution.

RESULTS: We generated transcriptomes from the vomeronasal organs of 5 Mus species, and produced high quality V1R repertoires for each species. We find that V1R clades in the house mouse and relatives exhibit distinct evolutionary trajectories. We identify putative species-specific gene expansions, including a large clade D expansion in the house mouse. While gene gains are abundant, we detect very few gene losses. We describe a novel V1R clade and highlight candidate receptors for future study. We find evidence for distinct evolutionary processes across different clades, from largescale turnover to highly conserved repertoires. Patterns of positive selection are similarly variable, as some clades exhibit abundant positive selection while others display high gene sequence conservation. Based on clade-level evolutionary patterns, we identify receptor families that are strong candidates for detecting social signals and predator cues. Our results reveal clades with receptors detecting female reproductive status are among the most conserved across species, suggesting an important role in V1R chemosensation.

CONCLUSION: Analysis of clade-level evolution is critical for understanding species’ chemosensory adaptations. This study provides clear evidence that V1R clades are characterized by distinct evolutionary trajectories. As receptor evolution is shaped by ligand identity, these results provide a framework for examining the functional roles of receptors.
Glutamate-Glutamine Homeostasis is Perturbed in Neurons and Astrocytes derived from Patient iPSC Models of Frontotemporal Dementia
Authors: Aldana Blanca Irene , Zhang Yu , Jensen Pia , Chandrasekaran Abinaya , Christensen Sofie Kjellerup , Nielsen Troels Tolstrup , Nielsen Jørgen , Hyttel Poul , Larsen Martin Røssel , Waagepetersen Helle , Freude Kristine Karla
Published: July 2020

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is amongst the most prevalent early onset dementias and even though it is clinically, pathologically and genetically heterogeneous, a crucial involvement of metabolic perturbations in FTD pathology is being recognized. However, changes in metabolism at the cellular level, implicated in FTD and in neurodegeneration in general, are still poorly understood. Here we generate induced human pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from patients carrying mutations in CHMP2B (FTD3) and isogenic controls generated via CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing with subsequent neuronal and glial differentiation and characterization. FTD3 neurons show a dysregulation of glutamate-glutamine related metabolic pathways mapped by 13 C-labelling coupled to mass spectrometry. FTD3 astrocytes show increased uptake of glutamate whilst glutamate metabolism is largely maintained. Using quantitative proteomics and live-cell metabolic analyses, we elucidate molecular determinants and functional alterations of neuronal and glial energy metabolism in FTD3. Importantly, correction of the mutations rescues such pathological phenotypes. Notably, these findings implicate dysregulation of key enzymes crucial for glutamate-glutamine homeostasis in FTD3 pathogenesis which may underlie vulnerability to neurodegeneration.
A comparison of four different models of acute respiratory distress syndrome in sheep
Authors: Engel Monique , Nowacki Relana M.E. , Jonker Elly M. , Ophelders Daan , Nikiforou Maria , Kloosterboer Nico , Zimmermann Luc J.I. , Waardenburg Dick A. van , Kramer Boris W.
Published: July 2020

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can have various causes. The study objective was to investigate whether different pathophysiologic models of ARDS would show different respiratory, cardiovascular and inflammatory outcomes. Methods: We performed a prospective, randomized study in 27 ventilated ewes inducing ARDS using three different techniques to mimic the pulmonary causes of ARDS (ARDSp): warm saline lavage (n=6), intratracheal hydrochloric acid (HCl; n=6), intratracheal albumin (n=10), and one technique to mimic an extrapulmonary cause of ARDS (ARDSexp): intravenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS iv; n=5). ARDS was defined when PaO 2 was <15kPa (112 mmHg) when ventilated with PEEP 10cm H 2 O and FiO 2 =1.0. The effects on gas exchange were investigated by calculating the oxygenation index (OI) and the ventilation efficacy index (VEI) every 30 minutes for a period of 4 hours. Post mortem lung lavage was performed to obtain broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) to assess lung injury and inflammation. Lung injury and inflammation were assessed by measuring the total number and differentiation of leukocytes, the concentration of protein and disaturated phospholipids, and interleukine-6 and -8 in the BALF. Histology of the lung was evaluated by measuring the mean alveolar size, alveolar wall thickness and the lung injury score system by Matute-Bello et al., as markers of lung injury. The concentration of interleukin-6 was determined in plasma, as a marker of systematic inflammation. Results: The OI and VEI were most affected in the LPS iv group and thereafter the HCl group, after meeting the ARDS criteria. Diastolic blood pressure was lowest in the LPS iv group. There were no significant differences found in the total number and differentiation of leukocytes, the concentration of protein and disaturated phospholipids, or interleukin-8 in the BALF, histology of the lung and the lung injury score. IL-6 in BALF and plasma was highest in the LPS iv group, but no significant differences were found between the other groups. It took a significantly longer period of time to meet the ARDS criteria in the LPS iv group. Conclusions: The LPS model caused the most severe pulmonary and cardiovascular insufficiency. Surprisingly, there were limited significant differences in lung injury and inflammatory markers, despite the different pathophysiological models, when the clinical definition of ARDS was applied.
Detection of gray matter microstructural changes in Alzheimer’s disease continuum using fiber orientation
Authors: Lee Peter , Kim Hang-Rai , Jeong Yong
Published: July 2020

Background: This study aimed to investigate feasible gray matter microstructural biomarkers with high sensitivity for early Alzheimer’s disease (AD) detection. We propose a diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measure, “radiality”, as an early AD biomarker. It is the dot product of the normal vector of the cortical surface and primary diffusion direction, which reflects the fiber orientation within the cortical column. Methods: We analyzed neuroimages from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database, including images from 78 cognitively normal (CN), 50 early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI), 34 late mild cognitive impairment (LMCI), and 39 AD patients. We then evaluated the cortical thickness (CTh), mean diffusivity (MD), which are conventional AD magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers, and the amount of accumulated amyloid and tau using positron emission tomography (PET). Radiality was projected on the gray matter surface to compare and validate the changes with different stages alongside other neuroimage biomarkers.Results: The results revealed decreased radiality primarily in the entorhinal, insula, frontal, and temporal cortex with further progression of disease. In particular, radiality could delineate the difference between the CN and EMCI groups, while the other biomarkers could not. We examined the relationship between radiality and other biomarkers to validate its pathological evidence in AD. Overall, radiality showed a high association with conventional biomarkers. Additional ROI analysis revealed the dynamics of AD-related changes as stages onward.Conclusion: Radiality in cortical gray matter showed AD-specific changes and relevance with other conventional AD biomarkers with high sensitivity. Moreover, radiality could identify the group differences seen in EMCI, representative of changes in early AD, which supports its superiority in early diagnosis compared to that possible with conventional biomarkers. We provide evidence of structural changes with cognitive impairment and suggest radiality as a sensitive biomarker for identifying early AD.
Growth hormone alleviates oxidative stress and improves the IVF outcomes of poor ovarian responders: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gong Yan , Zhang Kun , Xiong Dongsheng , Wei Jiajing , Tan Hao , Qin Shengfang
Published: July 2020

Background: Oxidative stress (OS), defined as an imbalance between excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or reactive nitrogen species (RNS) production and antioxidant insufficiency, has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of poor ovarian response (POR). Growth hormone (GH) can reduce OS in some cell types. This study investigated whether GH can improve OS and the in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) outcomes of poor ovarian responders.Methods: This study enrolled 105 patients with POR and 58 patients without POR (controls) who were diagnosed according to the Bologna criteria and underwent conventional IVF-ET. Poor ovarian responders were randomly assigned to two groups: the POR-GH group, which received pretreatment with GH 4 IU/d on day 2 of the previous menstrual cycle before IVF until the trigger day, and the POR-C group, which received no pretreatment. OS markers in follicular fluid (FF), ROS levels in granulosa cells (GCs), and the IVF outcomes of the groups were compared.Result(s): Endometrial thickness on trigger day, the number of cleaved embryos, the number of higher-quality embryos, and the rates of embryo formation, higher-quality embryo formation, implantation and clinical pregnancy were significantly increased in the POR-GH group compared with the POR-C group (P < 0.05). Moreover, compared to those in the non-POR group, FF malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) and ROS levels in GCs were significantly higher, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were significantly lower in the POR-C group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, compared with those in the POR-C group, the FF TAC was significantly increased in the POR-GH group, and TOS, OSI and intracellular ROS levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.05).Conclusion(s): Pretreatment with GH alleviates OS and improves oocyte quality and IVF outcomes of poor ovarian responders.Clinical Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. ChiCTR1900021269. Registered 8 February 2019, http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=35837&htm=4.
The clinical application of preoperative self-anticipated pain score and the correlation with surgical pain after elective surgery - a prospective observational study
Authors: Chang Wei-Shu , Hsieh Yi-Ting , Chen Moa-Chu , Chang Shu-Ching , Chen Tzu-Shan , Chang Yun-Chi , Lam Chen-Fuh , Tsai Yu-Chuan
Published: July 2020

Background

Current principles of postoperative pain management are primarily based on the types and extent of surgical intervention. This clinical study measured patient’s self-anticipated pain score before surgery, and correlated the scores with the pain levels and analgesic requirements after surgery.

Methods

This prospective observational study recruited consecutive patients who received elective surgery in the E-Da Hospital, Taiwan from June to August 2018. Patients were asked to subjectively rate their highest anticipated pain level (numerical rating scale, 0-10) for the scheduled surgical interventions during their preoperative anesthesia assessment. After the operation, the actual pain intensity (NRS 0-10) experienced by the patient in the post-anesthesia care unit and the total dose of opioids administered during the perioperative period were recorded.

Results

A total of 996 patients were included in the study. Most of the patients (86%) received general anesthesia and 73.9% of them had a history of previous operation. Younger patients (<40 years) (P=0.042) and those took regular benzodiazepine at bedtime (P=0.043) anticipated significantly higher pain levels. Male patients anticipated significantly lower pain intensities than females (odd ratio 1.710; 95% CI 1.254-2.331, P=0.001). Patients who scheduled for laparotomies (P=0.037), orthopedic surgeries (P=0.040) or long procedures (P<0.001) reported higher anticipated pain. Although higher anticipated pain scores were associated with higher postoperative pain levels (P=0.021) and higher total equivalent opioid dose (P=0.001) for acute pain management during the perioperative period, these surgical patients actually experienced less pain than they anticipated at the post-anesthesia care unit.

Conclusion

This observational study found that patients who are female, younger age (<40 years), use regular benzodiazepines at bedtime and scheduled for long procedures (>2 h), laparotomies or orthopedic surgeries anticipate significantly higher surgery-related pain. Therefore, appropriate preoperative counseling for analgesic control and the management of exaggerated pain expectation in these patients is necessary to improve the quality of anesthesia delivered and patient’s satisfaction.
Particle characterization and toxicity in C57BL/6 mice following instillation of five different diesel exhaust particles designed to differ in physicochemical properties
Authors: Bendtsen Katja Maria , Gren Louise , Malmborg Vilhelm Berg , Shukla Pravesh Chandra , Tunér Martin , Essig Yona J , Krais Annette M , Clausen Per Axel , Berthing Trine , Loeschner Katrin , Jacobsen Nicklas Raun , Wolff Henrik , Pagels Joakim , Vogel Ulla B
Published: July 2020

Background Diesel exhaust is carcinogenic and exposure to diesel particles cause health effects. We investigated the toxicity of diesel exhaust particles designed to have varying physicochemical properties in order to attribute health effects to specific particle characteristics. Particles from three fuel types were compared at 13% engine intake O 2 concentration: MK1 ultra low sulfur diesel (DEP13) and the two renewable diesel fuels hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO13) and rapeseed methyl ester (RME13). Additionally, diesel particles from MK1 ultra low sulfur diesel were generated at 9.7% (DEP9.7) and 17% (DEP17) intake O 2 concentration. We evaluated physicochemical properties and histopathological, inflammatory and genotoxic responses on day 1, 28, and 90 after single intratracheal instillation in mice compared to reference diesel particles and carbon black. Results Moderate variations were seen in physical properties for the five particles: primary particle diameter: 15-22 nm, specific surface area: 152-222 m 2 /g, and count median mobility diameter: 55-103 nm. Larger differences were found in chemical composition: organic carbon/total carbon ratio (0.12-0.60), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content (1-27 mg/mg) and acid-extractable metal content (0.9-16 mg/mg). Intratracheal exposure to all five particles induced similar toxicological responses, with different potency. Lung particle retention was observed in DEP13 and HVO13 exposed mice on day 28 post-exposure, with less retention for the other fuel types. RME exposure induced limited response whereas the remaining particles induced dose-dependent inflammation and acute phase response on day 1. DEP13 induced acute phase response on day 28 and inflammation on day 90. DNA strand break levels were not increased as compared to vehicle, but were increased in lung and liver compared to blank filter extraction control. Neutrophil influx on day 1 correlated best with estimated deposited surface area, but also with elemental carbon, organic carbon and PAHs. DNA strand break levels in lung on day 28 and in liver on day 90 correlated with acellular particle-induced ROS. Conclusions We studied diesel exhaust particles designed to differ in physicochemical properties. Our study highlights specific surface area, elemental carbon content, PAHs and ROS-generating potential as physicochemical predictors of diesel particle toxicity.
The Impact of General Self-efficacy and the Severity of Malocclusion on Acceptance of Removable Orthodontic Appliances in 10- to 12-year-old Patients
Authors: Naseri Navid , Baherimoghadam Tahereh , Bassagh Niloofar , Hamedani Shahram , Bassagh Elmira , Hashemi Zahra
Published: July 2020

Background: The patients’ acceptance of a treatment plan and their subsequent cooperation play a crucial role in achieving the best results in orthodontic treatments. Evidences show some personality traits such as general self-efficacy (GSE) and some dental traits such as severity of malocclusion are correlated with motivation of orthodontic treatment. These factors may predict the patients’ compliance and acceptance in using removable orthodontic appliances. This cross sectional study was conducted to assess the correlation of GSE and the severity of malocclusion with patients’ acceptance in using removable orthodontic appliances. Methods: This study recruited 50 patients aged 10-12 years who required removable orthodontic appliances. The severity of malocclusion was determined using the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) before the onset of treatment and GSE of participants were assessed using GSE scale self-report. The acceptance questionnaire was proposed to the patients on first (T1), third (T2), and sixth (T3) month after the delivery of the appliance. Results: The GSE score had a statistically significant correlation with the total score of the acceptance questionnaire, subscale score of satisfaction with the appliance during eating and oral hygiene practice, duration of usage of the appliance, and interest in using it (P<0.05). The IOTN had no significant correlation with the acceptance questionnaire. Conclusions: Our findings substantiate the role of the GSES, concurrently declining the role of the IOTN in prediction of 10-12-year-old children's acceptance and cooperation in treatment of malocclusion with removable appliances.
Magnitude of rise in proneurotensin is related to amount of triglyceride appearance in blood after a standardized oral intake of both saturated and unsaturated fats
Authors: Fawad Ayesha , Fernandez Celine , Bergmann Andreas , Struck Joachim , Nilsson Peter M , Bennet Louise , Orho-Melander Marju , Melander Olle
Published: July 2020

Background: In rodents, neurotensin contributes to high fat diet induced obesity by facilitation of intestinal fat absorption. The effect of oral lipid load on plasma proneurotensin and relationship with plasma triglycerides in humans is unknown.

Aim: To investigate the acute effects of an oral lipid load on proneurotensin and plasma triglycerides and their interrelationships in healthy individuals.

Setting/ Methods: Twenty-two healthy subjects were given 150 mL of full milk cream (54g fat) and 59 mL of pure olive oil (54 g fat) in the fasted state at two different occasions separated by at least 1 week in random order. Venous blood was drawn at fasted before 0 hours (h) and at 1h, 2h and 4h after ingestion. Post-ingested values of proneurotensin and plasma triglycerides were compared with fasting levels and post ingestion Area Under the Curve (AUC) of proneurotensin was correlated with that of plasma triglycerides.

Results: An immediate rise of plasma proneurotensin and plasma triglycerides were observed after ingestion of cream with maximum increase at 2 h for proneurotensin [mean (95% confidence interval)] of 22 (12-31) pmol/L (P<0.001) and at 3 h for triglycerides of 0.60 (0.43-0.78) mmol/L (P<0.001). Similarly, plasma proneurotensin and plasma triglycerides increased after ingestion of olive oil with maximum increase of proneurotensin at 3 h of 62 (46-78) pmol/L (P<0.001) and plasma triglycerides at 3 h of 0.32 (0.18-0.45) mmol/L (P<0.001). The post lipid load AUC for proneurotensin correlated significantly with the AUC for plasma triglycerides both after cream (r=0.49, P=0.021 ) and olive oil (r=0.55, P=0.008 ), respectively.

Conclusion: Proneurotensin increases after an oral lipid load of both cream and olive oil and the rise of post-ingestion plasma triglycerides is significantly related to the rise of post-ingestion proneurotensin.