bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Pembelian Merchandise NCT terhadap Pembentukan Perilaku Konsumtif pada Mahasiswa FISIP ULM
Authors: Pramasti Diva Khofiffah Zanuar , Khairussalam
Published: November 2024

In maintaining their existence, K-Pop groups not only compete through their music but also merchandise that supports the promotion of the music they release.  This research aims to understand how rewards, stimulus and positive experiences from purchasing K-Pop merchandise can lead to repeat purchases. In addition, how individuals use social media as a tool to fulfill needs and get satisfaction rewards. Feeling satisfied because they have received rewards and achieved their needs, causes repeated merchandise purchasing behavior. So that it contributes to the formation of consumptive behavior of students seen from the perspective of behavioral exchange theory and Use and Gratification theory. This type of research uses qualitative research with a qualitative descriptive approach method, data collection techniques with observation, interviews, and documentation. The research informants were obtained by purposive sampling technique totaling 10 students who are fans of the NCT group at the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences. The results showed that the purchase of NCT merchandise was driven by several factors, including positive rewards (pleasure and satisfaction), emotional value in merchandise, as entertainment, self-reward, and external stimuli such as the influence of unboxing content or advertising. However, the research also found that the pleasant experience and satisfaction gained from purchasing NCT merchandise, has the potential to encourage consumptive behavior. Especially in terms of excessive financial spending and merchandise purchases that are often not planned, which affects student financial management. This study provides deep insight into the purchase of NCT merchandise, satisfaction obtained, and consumptive behavior.
Spatial Analysis of the Impact of Population Density on Health Facilities in Nanggalo District Padang City
Authors: Irfan Irfan , Dasrizal Dasrizal , Zuriyani Elvi
Published: November 2024

The type of research used in this research is quantitative descriptive. The population in this study is the distribution of health facilities in Nanggalo District. Sampling in this study used total sampling with a sample of all health facility objects in Nanggalo District. The results of this research can be concluded that 1) The total distribution of health facilities in Nanggalo District is 17 units consisting of 11 pharmacies, 4 clinics and 2 health centers. Coordinates are taken directly in the field to find the exact location using the Global Position System (GPS) application. 2) The population density level of Nanggalo sub-district is 7438 people/km² with an area of 8.07 km². Tabiang Banda Gadang Village has a density of 7007 people/Km², Gurun Lawas Village has a density of 4352 People/Km², Kampung Olo Village has a density of 11242 People/Km², Kampung Lapai Village has a density of 15911 People/Km², Surau Gadang Village has a density of 8776 People/Km². km² and Kurao Pagang Village has a density of 4851 people/km². 3) Based on the significance value from the coefficient table, the value obtained is (0.11270679) or only 11% of population density influences or has a strong impact on health facilities in Nanggalo District.
Development of Teaching Materials for Booklets on the Dynamics of Planet Earth As a Living Space in the Class X Merdeka Curriculum at SMAN 1 Mandastana
Authors: Puspita Dea , Alviawati Eva , Adyatma Sidharta
Published: November 2024

The research is motivated by LKPD (Learner Worksheet) teaching materials used in monotonous schools that some students need help understanding, especially in the material on the dynamics of planet Earth as a living space. The research aims to produce a development product in the form of a booklet on the material of the dynamics of planet Earth as a living space to produce a booklet that is feasible and practical to use. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the 4D model developed by Thiagarajan, namely Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate, but in this study, it was modified only until the Develop stage. The study used quantitative data based on the validator's assessment questionnaire score and qualitative data based on criticisms and suggestions from validators regarding the teaching materials developed. The results of the research are in the form of booklet development products on the dynamics of planet Earth as a living space with the results of material feasibility 78%, linguistic feasibility 78.03%, and design feasibility 80% so that the booklet is declared feasible with a percentage of feasibility 78.03% and declared very practical with a percentage of practicality 85.52%.
Edukasi Pemanfaatan Mandiri TOGA kepada Kader Puskesmas Mataraman
Authors: Putra Aditya Maulana Perdana , Wathan Nashrul , Lingga Herningtyas Nautika , Setiawan Deni , Sari Okta Muthia , Mardiati Nurul , Akbar Nabila Hadiah , Sari Risa Purnama , Rizkiyah Noor Annisa , Salsabila Risma Zahra , Salwa Helmina
Published: November 2024

Pemanfaatan TOGA secara mandiri merupakan salah satu inisiatif untuk meningkatkan keterlibatan masyarakat dalam pengelolaan TOGA. Kader memiliki peran dalam mendukung masyarakat dalam pengelolaan kebun TOGA di masing-masing daerah. Tujuan dari pengabdian adalah peningkatan pengetahuan tentang pemanfaatan TOGA secara mandiri pada kader Puskesmas Mataraman setelah pemberian edukasi. Pada tanggal 6 Agustus 2024, tim pengabdian memilih ceramah sebagai metode yang diterapkan dalam edukasi. Kegiatan ditargetkan bagi kader desa wilayah kerja Puskesmas Mataraman. Evaluasi edukasi, proses keenam ini dilakukan dengan memberikan kuesioner pengetahuan TOGA sebelum edukasi materi dan sesudah edukasi materi. Sebanyak 10 orang berhadir dalam kegiatan. Berdasarkan hasil pengabdian diperoleh rerata pengetahuan peserta sebelum edukasi materi sebesar 78 % ± 16,61. Adapun pengetahuan peserta sesudah edukasi materi sebesar 92 % ± 13,27. Tim pengabdian telah menyerahkan TOGA sebanyak 14 jenis tanaman obat kepada Puskesmas Mataraman. Berdasarkan hasil , pada kader di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Mataraman terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan setelah diberikan edukasi tentang pemanfaatan TOGA mandiri.Kata Kunci: Apotek Hidup, Obat Herbal, Penggunaan Herbal, SosialisasiImplementing TOGA independently is a strategy to enhance community engagement in TOGA management. Cadres play a crucial role in assisting the community in the management of TOGA gardens in their respective areas. The objective of the service is to enhance the understanding and proficiency of the Mataraman Health Centre cadres in independently utilising TOGA, after the provision of education. On August 6, 2024, the educational team opted on lectures as the instructional approach. The activity was specifically aimed at village cadres who are part of the operating area of the Mataraman Health Centre. The evaluation of education involves administering a TOGA knowledge questionnaire. There were a total of 10 individuals who participated in the activity. The participants' average knowledge before the educational content was 78% ± 16.61 (standard deviation), as indicated by the service results. The participants' knowledge, after the educational material, reached a mean of 92% with a standard deviation of 13.27. The service team has delivered a total of 14 different varieties of medicinal plants. Ultimately, after delivering education on the independent use of TOGA, there was a discernible enhancement in the knowledge of the cadres within the working area of the Mataraman Health Centre.
Edukasi Cara Penyimpanan dan Beyond Use Date Obat di Apotek Sinar Amandit Banjarmasin
Authors: Wibisono Yogie Irawan , Rahman M Noor , Mardiati Nurul
Published: November 2024

Penyimpanan obat yang benar merupakan kunci dalam menjaga mutu obat, sehingga obat aman untuk dikonsumsi dan dapat memberikan efek yang optimal. Sebagian besar masyarakat cenderung mengabaikan penyimpanan obat yang mereka miliki, hal ini disebabkan pengetahuan yang kurang tentang cara penyimpanan obat yang benar. Tujuan dari kegiatan edukasi ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat terkait cara penyimpanan dan beyond use date (BUD) serta ciri-ciri obat yang rusak. Kegiatan dilaksanakan di Apotek Sinar Amandit Banjarmasin selama 2 hari, yaitu pada tanggal 13-14 Mei 2024. Edukasi dilakukan dengan metode ceramah disertai dengan pembagian leaflet. Peserta juga diminta menjawab pertanyaan pretest dan post-test secara lisan untuk mengukur tingkat pemahaman peserta terkait topik yang disampaikan. Hasil yang didapatkan berupa rata-rata nilai pretest sebesar 40% dan post-test sebesar 85%. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, diketahui terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan peserta setelah diberikan edukasi. Hal tersebut dapat dijadikan sebagai tolak ukur keberhasilan dari kegiatan edukasi yang telah dilaksanakan. Kegiatan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi wadah untuk meningkatkan pemahaman masyarakat tentang informasi beyond use date, sekaligus membentuk agen perubahan yang akan menyebarluaskan pengetahuan tersebut kepada keluarga dan masyarakat sekitarnya.Kata Kunci: Penyimpanan Obat, Beyond Use Date, Edukasi, ApotekCorrect storage of drugs will be the key in maintaining the quality of drugs, so that drugs are safe for consumption and can provide optimal effects. Most people tend to neglect the storage of their medicines, this is due to a lack of knowledge about the correct way to store medicines. The purpose of this educational activity is to increase public knowledge related to storage and beyond use date (BUD) as well as the characteristics of damaged drugs. The activity was held at Sinar Amandit Pharmacy Banjarmasin for 2 days, on 13-14 May 2024. Education was conducted through a lecture method accompanied by the distribution of leaflets. Participants were also asked to answer pretest and post-test questions verbally to measure their level of understanding of the topics presented. The findings revealed an average pre-test score of 40% and a post-test score of 85%. These results indicate a significant improvement in participants’ knowledge following the educational intervention. This improvement can be considered a key indicator of the success of the educational program implemented. This activity is expected to be a place to increase community understanding of beyond use date information, as well as to form agent of change who will disseminate this knowledge to their families and surrounding communities.
Cover, Redaksi, dan Daftar Isi JPMP Vol 2 No 3 Tahun 2024
Authors: Panacea Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat
Published: November 2024

Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Panacea (JPMP) Volume 2 Nomor 3 Tahun 2024 terbit pada Bulan September telah memuat 8 naskah pengabdian kepada masyarakat di bidang kesehatan. JPMP dikelola oleh Program Studi Pendidikan Profesi Apoteker FMIPA Universitas Lambung Mangkurat. Setiap naskah yang diterima redaksi telah ditelaah oleh Mitra Bestari dan Anggota Redaksi.
USE OF TEXTURED SURFACES FOR CONDENSATION OF WATER VAPOUR AND MIST
Authors: Myronyuk Oleksiy , Li Che
Published: November 2024

Producing purified water from air moisture is feasible even in arid areas where humidity is intermittent. This method relies on a condenser, usually cooler than the surroundings, where water condenses. Many studies use materials with diverse hydrophobicity, making it hard to pinpoint surface effects on condensation. Thus, comparing hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces with identical textures is crucial. The aim of this work is to determine the effect of gyrophobic metal surfaces on the processes of water collection from steam. Experiments in this work were conducted in a close chamber in the environment of water fog produced by the fog machine at the room temperature. It was shown that hydrophilic surfaces enhance water vapor condensation efficiency by up to 38% compared to hydrophobic ones. In this work, the femtosecond laser treatment was used to produce channel-shaped textures with a truncated trapezoidal cross-section, measuring 15 µm at the upper base, 45 µm at the lower base, and 22 µm in height. These textures were further extended by the development of aluminum oxide crystal inlays, ranging from 30-60 nm, due to metal oxidation from the laser's high-temperature interaction. Extended exposure to these textures in room environment naturally increases their water repellency. Contact angles can reach 148°, nearing the 154° efficiency achieved with stearic acid treatment. However, heating to 380 °C eliminates the hydrophobic layers, resulting in complete hydrophilisation. Textured hydrophilic surfaces prove most effective for condensate collection, outperforming hydrophobic surfaces by up to 28%. Additionally, microtexture orientation matters: a vertical orientation boosts condensate collection by 34% compared to horizontal orientation. The results may be useful in the development of water harvesting equipment for naturally dry regions, or place where extensive water purification is required.
PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS: SOURCES, MIGRATION IN ECOSYSTEMS, REMOVAL METHODS IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND REMEDIATION OF SOILS AND NATURAL WATER
Authors: Litynska Marta
Published: November 2024

Persistent organic pollutants are among the most dangerous pollutants due to their resistance to destruction in natural conditions, the ability to migrate in ecosystems, bioaccumulation, biomagnification and significant harmful effects on health. Persistent organic pollutants include organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated naphthalenes, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, etc. Even in small amounts, these compounds can cause endocrine disorders and have a carcinogenic effect. Most of these compounds are exclusively of anthropogenic origin. Although the Stockholm Convention has severely restricted the production and use of persistent organic pollutants, many soils and water bodies are already contaminated with these compounds, and some banned substances continue to be produced as byproducts of industrial processes. Also, although the lists of substances prohibited for production are periodically updated, a large number of compounds, which by their properties are persistent organic pollutants, have not yet entered these lists. There are many methods for removing persistent organic pollutants from water, but most of them are insufficiently effective or lead to the generation of large quantities of contaminated waste that need to be disposed of. Photocatalysis is the most promising method of wastewater treatment that contains persistent organic pollutants. Unlike coagulation, adsorption, biological treatment and nanofiltration/reverse osmosis, this method avoids the generation of solid and liquid waste contaminated with these pollutants. In the case of remediation of polluted waters and soils, the main methods are bioremediation and adsorption, since these methods can immobilize persistent organic pollutants directly in the ecosystem without taking soil or water for treatment.
Incidence of Pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) in Bt cotton in Different Agro Ecological Zones of Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Sivarama Krishna M. , Vijaya Bhaskar L.
Published: November 2024

Pink bollworm has emerged as a major threat for successful cotton cultivation in Andhra Pradesh, extensive random roving survey was conducted in three major cotton growing districts of Kurnool, Guntur and Krishna during 2021 and 2022 seasons to assess the dynamics of pink bollworm infestation. During the year 2021 rosette flower incidence, green boll, open boll and locule damage ranged from 1.8-6.8, 16.6-31.6, 14.9-53.1 and 13.4- 28.4 respectively. During 2022 rosette flower incidence, green boll, open boll and locule damage ranged from 1.8-8.0, 19.3-31.5, 34.5-59.4 and 14.3-32.8 respectively. Gradual progression of pink bollworm infestation was noticed with the advancement of crop season.
Predictive Analysis of Causal Factors Influencing Occupational Accidents in Construction Workplaces Using a Machine Learning Unified Data Model
Authors: Ait Lamkademe Hajar , Naddami Ahmed , Choukri Karim
Published: November 2024

Occupational incidents in construction workplaces present a persistent challenge, with severe consequences for both workers and project outcomes. This study aims to examine the specific causal factors contributing to these incidents, focusing on the interaction between worker-related, environmental, and procedural factors. The objective is to identify key contributors to workplace accidents and develop a unified predictive model to mitigate future risks. To achieve this, we employed a machine learning approach on a comprehensive accidentology dataset collected from contractors across multiple construction sites. The dataset includes variables such as worker ex-perience, environmental conditions, adherence to safety protocols, and more. By analyzing direct, indirect, and root causes, the methodology uncovers hidden patterns and interdependencies that traditional analysis might overlook. The study’s findings indicate that worker experience and environmental factors are the most significant contributors to incident occurrence, with a clear interaction effect between these variables. The results not only confirm previous research but also offer enhanced predictive capabilities for future safety measures. This research demonstrates the value of machine learning in generating data-driven insights, ultimately aiding in the develop-ment of targeted interventions to improve safety standards in the construction industry.
The Impact of High-Salt Diet and Diuretics on the Develop-ment of the Aestival Phenomenon in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Dragunov Dmitrii O. , Sokolova Anna V. , Mitrokhin Vadim M. , Arutyunov Grigory P.
Published: November 2024

Background: Chronic heart failure (CHF) often necessitates the use of high doses of diuretics, which can lead to side effects such as worsening renal function and electrolyte imbalances. Methods: A total of 102 patients (median age 75 years) were included in the study and divided into two groups based on the level of diuretic therapy. The diuretic group received the following average doses: furosemide — 39.1 ± 22.1 mg, torasemide — 7.4 ± 3 mg, and spironolactone — 42 ± 12.4 mg. Biochemical analyses were performed on days 1 and 7 of hospitalization, with measurements of sodium, potassium, glucose, urea, and plasma osmolality (eOSM). Results: By day 7, the plasma osmolality in the diuretic group increased from 300 [297; 304] to 302.2 [298.3; 305.8] mOsm/L (p = 0.039). Urea levels in the diuretic group rose to 7.95 [5.65; 9.90] mmol/L by day 7, while remaining stable in the non-diuretic group at 5.90 [5.05; 7.50] mmol/L (p = 0.012). The proportion of urea to plasma osmolality (PropUrea/eOSM) in the diuretic group increased to 2.63% [1.89; 3.28] compared to 2.00% [1.70; 2.50] in the non-diuretic group (p = 0.011). The proportion of sodium to plasma osmolality (PropNa/eOSM) in the diuretic group decreased to 46.46% [46.02; 46.74], compared to 46.68% [46.33; 46.89] in the non-diuretic group (p = 0.050). Analysis of PropNa/eOSM and PropUrea/eOSM on day 7 without considering salt intake yielded statistically significant results, though they were less robust compared to models including salt intake. For example, in the PropUrea/eOSM model, the odds ratio (OR) was 3.01 (95% CI 1.74, 5.89; p < 0.001), and in the PropNa/eOSM model, the OR was 0.19 (95% CI 0.07, 0.43; p < 0.001). Conclusion: The study confirmed that high salt intake and active diuretic therapy significantly influence the biochemical parameters of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), contributing to the development of the aestivation phenomenon. This is characterized by an increase in nonionic osmolytes such as urea, which may represent a physiological adaptation to stress. Patients receiving diuretics and following a high-salt diet exhibited significant changes in plasma osmolality and urea levels, indicating a physiological adaptation that may worsen prognosis by increasing the risk of sarcopenia and cachexia. Further research is needed to better understand these mechanisms and develop strategies to mitigate the negative effects.
Time-Refraction and Spacetime Optics
Authors: Mendonça José Tito
Published: November 2024

A review of recent advances in spacetime optics is given, with special emphasis on time-refraction. This is a basic optical process, occurring at a temporal discontinuity or temporal boundary, that is able to produce various different effects, such as frequency shifts, energy amplification, time-reflection and photon emission. If, instead of a single discontinuity, we have two reverse temporal boundaries, we can form a temporal beam-splitter, where temporal interferences can occur. It will also be shown that, in the presence of an axis of symmetry, such as a magnetic field, the temporal beam-splitter can induce a rotation of the initial polarization state, similar to a Faraday rotation. Recent work on time-crystals, superluminal fronts and superfluid light will be reviewed. Time-gates, based on spacetime optical effects will be discussed. We also mention recent work on optical metamaterials. Finally, the quantum properties of time-refraction, which imply the emission of photon from vacuum, are considered, while similar problems in high energy QED associated with electron-positron pairs are briefly mentioned.
Bio-Engineered Plant-produced Antigens, Self-Administered for Oral Vaccination: A Cottage Industry for Vaccines for Less Affluent Nations?
Authors: Datta Shoumen Palit Austin
Published: November 2024

In this unconventional and non-systematic re-view, we re-present published results indicating that transgenic plants engineered to express (foreign) antigens show significant levels of mRNA (from viral coding region) and viral antigen (protein) in plant tissues (leaves). Oral administration of plant-produced antigens were immuno-stimulatory in humans, capable of conferring immunity from the viral infection (specific for the viral antigen bioengineered for expression in plant). Use of antigen-containing plant products for oral (or sublingual) administration does not require purification. The plant “paste” may be sufficient (?) for immunizing humans (and animals). Scientific evidence supports advocacy for oral administration of “raw” plant-based products (sublingual) without purification. Implementing this proposal may accelerate the pace of global vaccination and preventive healthcare for less affluent communities by [0] eliminating the need for purification,[1] eliminating the need for “cold” supply chain logistics, [2] eliminating the dependency on medical professionals for vaccination and [3] eliminating supply chain fulfillment dependencies by growing the antigen-producing “potted plants” in community gardens or at home, as a vaccine cottage industry. Communities may also brew the cottage industry for transgenic plants producing antigens as an entrepreneurial innovation endeavor and/or social business for vaccines. The latter, if built on pillars of ethical profitability, is expected to induce economic growth for communities as a social business and if the science is prioritized as a service to society, then it will improve access to global public goods with respect to health, preventive public health and healthcare.
Resource Characterisation and Biogas Potential Determination of Cassava, Yam and Plantain Peel Mixtures Using Theoretical Models and Hbt Based Experiments
Authors: Yankyera Kusi Joseph , Empl Florian , Müller Ralf , Pelz Stefan , Poetsch Jens , Sailer Gregor , Kirchhof Rainer , Agyemang Derkyi Nana Sarfo , Attiogbe Francis
Published: November 2024

This research aimed to evaluate the comparative biogas yields of waste (peels) of selected relevant fibrous materials from the West African region: Cassava, plantain, a mixture of cassava, plantain and yam. Three models: The Boyle model, the Modified Boyle’s model, and the Buswell and Müller’s model were used to determine the theoretical maximum biomethane potentials (TMBP), while the Hohenheim biogas yield test (D-HBT) was used to undertake a batch test of anaerobic digestion. With an operating temperature of 37±0.5 ℃, the samples were co-digested with digested sewage sludge (DSS) for 39 days. Comparisons are drawn between the TBMPs and the experimental results, the experimental results of the different substrates and the experimental results and figures reported in literature. From the experimental results, plantain peels had the highest biogas yield (468±72 ml/g oTS), followed by a mixture of yam, cassava and plantain peels (362±31 ml/g oTS) and cassava peels obtained the least biogas yield (218±19 ml/g oTS). TMBPS of 204.04, 209.03 and 217.45 CH4 ml/g oTS were obtained for plantain peels, a mixture of yam, cassava and plantain peels and cassava peels respectively, evaluated using the Boyle’s model. For all the samples, the TMBPS (205.56, 209.03 and 218.45 CH4 ml/g oTS respectively) obtained using the Buswell and Mueller model were slightly higher than those obtained by both the Boyle and the modified Boyle’s model (163.23, 167.22 and 174.76 CH4 ml/g oTS respectively).
On the Method for Proving the RH using the Alcantara-Bode Equivalence
Authors: Adam Dumitru
Published: November 2024

In this article we provided the theory and the methods for the investigation of the linear, bounded operators injectivity on separable Hilbert spaces, extending the solution given in [1]. The Theorem 1 shows that a linear, bounded operator on a separable Hilbert space strict positive on a dense set, is injective. Choosing the dense set the union of including subspaces built on the indicator interval functions in L2 (0, 1), in order to compensate the unbounded positivity parameters sequence of the operator on the finite dimension subspaces, we separated the methods in two versions: one, considering the restrictions of the operator involving its adjoint and another, taking the finite rank operator approximations and compensating this time the strict positivity of the operator with its compactness property. The related theorem shows that, an Hilbert-Schmidt integral operator on a separable Hilbert space having the finite rank approximations with the sequence of the positivity parameters inferior bounded, is injective. Using the methods introduced, we proved the injectivity of the integral operator, injectivity that is the equivalent formulation of Alcantara-Bode ([3]) for the Riemann Hypothesis (RH). Follows, RH holds.
Enhancing the Resilience of Agroecosystems through Improved Rhizosphere Processes: A Strategic Review
Authors: Asghar Waleed , Craven Kelly D. , Swenson Jacob R. , Kataoka Ryota , Mahmood Ahmad , Farias Júlia Gomes
Published: November 2024

As farming techniques evolve and climate conditions shift, meeting the demands of a growing global population requires optimizing environmentally friendly practices and minimizing the ecological impacts of food production. Enhancing and manipulating rhizosphere processes have emerged as key strategies for promoting environmentally sustainable agriculture in the future. Considerate the relationships between soil micro-organisms and plant roots holds the possible to revolutionize agricultural production, increase crop yields, reduce dependence on synthetic fertilizers, and support sustainable farming practices through rhizosphere management. The rhizosphere, a region around plant roots, is a hotspot for microbial activity due to the exudates released by plant roots. These exudates, along with green manure cultivation and intercropping, change the structure of the soil’s microbial community. The plant provides essential nutrients to microorganisms, which in turn compete for these resources. Managing microbial com-petition in the rhizosphere, where microorganisms are abundant, is crucial. Beneficial plant-associated microbes, such as Trichoderma spp., Penicillium spp., Aspergillus spp., and Bacillus spp., are often employed; and these microorganisms have a one-to-one rela-tionship. However, the behavior of these inoculated microorganisms in the rhizosphere is still not fully understood. In addition, the use of green manures, intercropping, and growing multiple crops together in the same field offers various benefits. These practices promote soil health, enhance nutrient cycling, sequester carbon, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, decrease reliance on synthetic fertilizers, rebuild rhizosphere microbial communities, and provide economic advantages. These methods foster positive interactions between plants, microbes, and the rhizosphere, benefiting the entire ecosystem. The main aim of this review stands to critically explore in what way the resilience of agroe-cosystems can be strengthened through improved rhizosphere processes. By utilizing beneficial microbes, incorporating green manures, and practicing intercropping, we can support and promote sustainable cropping systems. This approach, combined with sound policy implementation, will help maintain healthy soils—an essential component of sustainable agroecosystems—and mitigate the predicted climate challenges of the near future.
Climate Change Impact Assessment on Grand Inga Hydropower Generation Using Multi-Input Modelling
Authors: Salumu Zahera Salomon , Killingtveit Ånund , Fuamba Musandji
Published: November 2024

Results suggest that the Grand Inga project will be resilient to negative climate impacts during its initial phases (1-5). The system demonstrates security and insensitivity to adverse changes, both for existing (Phase 1-2) and planned (Phase 3-5) hydropower components. The study indicates that climate change effects become apparent only in later phases (6-8), with predominantly positive impacts, potentially increasing the generation potential of the hydropower system. Overall, the Grand Inga hydropower project appears robust against adverse climate influences throughout the majority of its development phases.
Investigating the Effectiveness of Smoke Control Devices in Fire Emergency Scenario in Hospitals: A CFD Approach
Authors: Mallaki Reza , Omidvar Mohsen
Published: November 2024

Fire is a major hazard in hospitals, often caused by flammable liquids and medical gases, and can lead to significant losses due to limited patient mobility. This study simulated the effectiveness of portable and ceiling exhaust systems in reducing smoke, heat, and toxic gases in a hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD).The study began by converting a 2D sketch of the NICU into a 3D model using SketchUp, which was then imported into PyroSim software. Properties of objects and fire scenarios were set in PyroSim, and simulation results for temperature, visibility, and toxic gases (CO, CO2, O2) were generated as 3D cross-sectional views and profiles.In the simulation, the ceiling exhaust contained smoke within the fire room, preserving visibility in other areas, while the portable exhaust spread smoke to corridors, reducing visibility to zero. The ceiling exhaust maintained temperatures between 60–70°C, while the portable exhaust exceeded 80°C. CO concentrations peaked at 700 ppm without exhaust, dropped to 400 ppm with portable exhaust, and 300 ppm with ceiling exhaust. Oxygen levels fell to 18% with either exhaust, but remained at 20% with ceiling exhaust. The ceiling exhaust also reduced CO2 in exit rooms from 18,000 ppm to below 12,000 ppm, while portable exhaust reduced it by only 2,000 ppm. These findings can guide hospital designers and firefighting teams in selecting optimal fire control equipment, enhancing building safety and firefighting strategies.
Reinventing the African University: From Epistemic Decolonization to the Co-Construction of Transformative Knowledge
Authors: Moleka Pitshou
Published: November 2024

This article explores the necessity of reinventing the African university to make it a genuine driver of the continent's societal transformation. It highlights the dynamics of symbolic, material, and epistemic violence that have long hindered the development of these institutions, often confining them to the reproduction of disconnected Western academic models. To overcome this problematic legacy, the article proposes to draw on two complementary theoretical frameworks: Mode 4 of knowledge production and the Decuple Helix model. Mode 4 invites universities to adopt a transdisciplinary and engaged approach, co-constructing knowledge with a diversity of actors to address concrete issues. The Decuple Helix, on the other hand, advocates the development of multisectoral partnerships within open innovation ecosystems, where the university plays a role of orchestrator and facilitator. The article then presents several pioneering initiatives undertaken by African universities, such as Cheikh Anta Diop or Stellenbosch, which illustrate the ability of these institutions to reinvent themselves by valuing local knowledge, anchoring in community realities, and engaging in co-creation processes of innovative solutions. Finally, the article concludes on the need for African universities to position themselves as genuine catalysts of the continent's societal transformation, overcoming colonial legacies and becoming spaces for the production of knowledge rooted in African realities. This ambitious reinvention requires the development of new governance, organization, and evaluation modalities, promoting greater autonomy and increased engagement with local communities.
Deep Learning-Based Algorithms for Real-Time Lung Ultrasound Imaging
Authors: Muñoz Mario , Rubio Adrián , Cosarinsky Guillermo , F.Cruza Jorge , Camacho Jorge
Published: November 2024

Lung ultrasound is an increasingly utilized non-invasive imaging modality for assessing the lung condition, but interpreting it can be challenging and depends on the operator experience. To address these challenges, this work proposes an approach that combines artificial intelligence (AI) with feature-based signal processing algorithms. We introduce a specialized deep learning model designed and trained to facilitate the analysis and interpretation of lung ultrasound images, by automating the detection and location of pulmonary features, including the pleura, A-lines, B-lines and consolidations. Employing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) trained on a semi-automatically annotated dataset, the model delineates these pulmonary patterns, with the objective of enhancing diagnostic precision. Real-time post-processing algorithms further refine prediction accuracy by reducing false-positives and false-negatives, augmenting interpretational clarity and obtaining a final processing rate of up to 20 frames per second withl accuracies of 89% for consolidation, 92% for B-lines and 66% in case of A-lines compared with an expert opinion.
RVTAF: Residual Vision Transformer and Adaptive Fusion Autoencoders for Monocular Depth Estimation
Authors: Yang Wei-Jong , Wu Chih-Chen , Yang Jar-Ferr
Published: November 2024

Precision depth estimation plays a key role in many applications, including 3D scene reconstruction, virtual reality, autonomous driving and human-computer interaction. Recent advancements in deep learning technologies, the monocular depth estimation has surpassed the traditional stereo camera systems, bringing new possibilities in 3D sensing. In this paper, by using single camera, we propose an end-to-end supervised monocular depth estimation autoencoder which contains a CNN-ViT encoder and an adaptive fusion decoder, to obtain high-precision depth maps. In the CNN-ViT encoder, we construct a multi-scale feature extractor by mixing residual configurations of vision transformers to enhance both local and global information. In the adaptive fusion decoder, we introduce adaptive fusion modules to effectively merge features of the encoder and decoder together. Lastly, the model is trained using a loss function that aligns with human perception to enable it to focus on the depth values of foreground objects. Experimental results demonstrate the effective prediction of the depth map from a single-view color image by the proposed RVTAF autoencoder.
An Intrinsic Characterization of Shannon’s and Rényi’s Entropy
Authors: Schlather Martin , Ditscheid Carmen
Published: November 2024

All characterizations of Shannon’s entropy include the so-called chain rule, a formula
on a hierarchically structured probability distribution, which is based on at least two elementary
distributions. We show that the chain rule can be split into two natural components, the well-known
additivity of the entropy in case of cross-products and a variant of the chain rule that involves only a
single elementary distribution. The latter is given as a proportionality relation and hence allows a
vague interpretation as self-similarity, hence intrinsic property of the Shannon entropy. A similar
characterization is given also for the Rényi entropy and the min-entropy.
Profile of Humoral Immunity and B Cell Pool in Infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Prototype Strain and AZD1222 (ChAdOx nCoV-19) Vaccination
Authors: Familiar-Macedo Débora , Azeredo Elzinandes Leal de , de Lemos Elba Regina Sampaio , Damasco Paulo Vieira , De-Oliveira-Pinto and Luzia Maria
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Understanding the behavior of B cells during infection and vaccination is important for determining protective humoral immunity. We evaluated the profile of humoral immunity and B cell pool in individuals who were acutely infected with SARS-CoV-2, recovered from COVID-19, or received two doses of the AZD1222 vaccine. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from these individuals were subjected to in vitro stimulation to promote differentiation of B cells into antibody-secreting cells (ASC), and the ELISpot evaluated the abundance of pan and SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1-reactive IgG+ ASC. Stimulated PBMCs were characterized using flow cytometry. Culture supernatants were assessed for soluble B cell-activating factors. The IgA and IgG for the S1 were evaluated by ELISA. Results: The recovered individuals displayed a robust S1 ASC compared to acute and vaccinated. Although the frequency of total B cells or B-cell subsets did not vary among the groups, plasma cells were increased in naïve and double-negative B cells in the acute, recovered, and vaccinated. Similar IgA and IgG production appeared to be present in the acute and recovered. During vaccination, more IgG is produced than IgA. In acute patients, BAFF levels were positively correlated with total B cells and IgG+ plasma cells, but negatively correlated with IgA+ plasma cells. Conclusions: The vaccination and natural infection with COVID-19 induce a differential profile and functionality of B cells. We suggest that new vaccines against COVID-19 incorporate molecular adjuvants that regulate B lymphocyte functionality and consider the beneficial aspects of the IgA response in addition to IgG.
Phase Angle and Ultrasound Assessment of the Rectus Femoris for Predicting Malnutrition and Sarcopenia in Patients with Esophagogastric Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Vieira Maroun Erika , Argente Pla María , Pedraza Serrano María José , Muresan Bianca Tabita , Ramos Prol Agustín , Gascó Santana Eva , Martín Sanchis Silvia , Durá De Miguel Ángela , Micó García Andrea , Cebrián Vázquez Anna , Durbán Lacruz Alba , Merino-Torres Juan Francisco
Published: November 2024

Background: Disease-related malnutrition and sarcopenia are prevalent conditions in gastrointestinal cancer patients, whose early diagnosis is essential to establish a nutritional intervention that contributes to preventing adverse outcomes and improving the disease prognosis. Phase angle (PhA), rectus femoris cross-sectional area (RFCSA) and rectus femoris thickness (RF-Y-axis) are considered effort-independent markers of muscle mass, strength and functionality. These markers are influenced by the metabolic changes in cancer patients but have not been fully validated in this population. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the potential utility of PhA, RFCSA and RF-Y-axis in predicting malnutrition and sarcopenia in patients with esophagogastric cancer (EGC). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of patients diagnosed with EGC. PhA was obtained using bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA), along with ASMMI. RFCSA and RF-Y-axis were measured via nutritional ultrasound (NU®). Muscle capacity was assessed using handgrip strength (HGS), and functionality by applying the Short-Physical-Performance-Battery (SPPB). Malnutrition and sarcopenia were determined according to GLIM and EWGSOP2 criteria, respectively. Results: Out of the 35 patients evaluated, 82.8% had malnutrition and 51.4% sarcopenia. RFCSA(r=0.582) and RF-Y-axis(r=0.602) showed significant, moderate correlations with ASMMI, unlike PhA(r=0.439), which displayed a weak correlation with this parameter. However, PhA (OR=0.167,CI 95%:0.047-0.591,p=0.006), RFCSA (OR=0.212, CI 95%:0.074-0.605,p=0.004), and RF-Y-axis (OR=0.002,CI 95%:0.000-0.143,p=0.004) all showed good predicting ability for sarcopenia in the crude models, but only RF-Y-axis was able to explain malnutrition in the regression model (OR=0.002, CI 95%:0.000-0.418,p=0.023). Conclusion: RF-Y-axis emerged as the only independent predictor of both malnutrition and sarcopenia in this study, likely due to its stronger correlation with ASMMI compared to PhA and RFCSA.
Passive Aeroelastic Control of a Near-Ground Airfoil with a Nonlinear Vibration Absorber
Authors: Dhital Kailash , Chouvion Benjamin
Published: November 2024

This study explores the use of a nonlinear vibration absorber to mitigate aeroelastic effects on a wing operating near the ground. An aeroelastic model, based on a typical airfoil section, equipped with a nonlinear tuned vibration absorber (NLTVA), is established to study the interactions between the airfoil’s dynamics, aerodynamics, and the nonlinear energy dissipation mechanisms. Geometric nonlinearity is incorporated into the airfoil's dynamics to account for possible large wing deflection and rotation. The flow is modeled based on the nonlinear unsteady discrete vortex method with the ground effect simulated using the mirror image method. Stability analyses are conducted to study the influence of NLTVA parameters on flutter instability and bifurcation behavior of the airfoil near the ground. The numerical results demonstrate that the NLTVA effectively delays the onset of flutter and promotes a supercritical bifurcation in the presence of ground effect. Optimally tuning the NLTVA’s linear parameters significantly increases flutter speed, while selecting the optimal nonlinear parameter is key to preventing subcritical behavior near the ground and reducing post-flutter limit cycle oscillations amplitude. Overall, this study highlights the potential of the NLTVA in enhancing the aeroelastic stability of flying vehicles with highly flexible wings, especially under the influence of ground effects during takeoff and landing.
Artificial Intelligence for Neuroimaging in Pediatric Cancer
Authors: Dalboni da Rocha Josue Luiz , Lai Jesyin , Pandey Pankaj , Myat Phyu Sin M. , Loschinskey Zachary , Bag Asim K. , Sitaram Ranganatha
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Artificial intelligence is transforming neuroimaging by enhancing di-agnostic precision and treatment planning. However, its applications in pediatric cancer neu-roimaging remain limited. This review assesses the current state, potential applications, and challenges of AI in pediatric neuroimaging for cancer, emphasizing the unique needs of the pe-diatric population. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, focusing on artificial intelligence impact on pediatric neuroimaging through accelerated image acquisition, reduced radiation, and improved tumor detection. Key methods include convolutional neural networks for tumor segmentation, radiomics for tumor characterization, and several tools for functional imaging. We analyzed challenges such as limited pediatric datasets, developmental variability, ethical concerns, and the need for explainable models. Results: Artificial intelligence has shown significant potential to improve imaging quality, reduce scan times, and enhance diagnostic accuracy in pediatric neuroimaging. Artificial intelligence algorithms demonstrated improved accuracy in tumor segmentation and outcome prediction for tumor treatments. Conclusions: Artificial intelligence offers significant potential for enhancing pediatric neuroim-aging in cancer care, aiding in precise diagnoses and personalized treatments. To overcome current limitations, future research should focus on building robust pediatric datasets and developing interpretable models suited for clinical practice.
Implementation of Exercise Training to Improve Outcomes in Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: Eleyan Loay , Gonnah Ahmed R , Farhad Imran , Labib Aser , Varia Alisha , Eleyan Alaa , Almehandi Abdullah , Alnaseem Abdulrahman O , Roberts David H
Published: November 2024

Heart Failure (HF) is a prevalent condition which places a substantial burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Pharmacological therapy structures the cornerstone of management in HF reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I), angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNI), beta blockers (BB), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) and sodium/glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, which all improve survival rates. Mortality reduction with pharmacological treatments in HF preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are yet to be established. Cardiac rehabilitation and exercise training can play an important role in both HFrEF and HFpEF. Cardiac rehabilitation significantly improves functional capacity, exercise duration and quality of life. Exercise training has shown beneficial effects on peak oxygen consumption (pVO2) and 6-minute walk test distance in HFrEF and HFpEF patients as well as a reduction in hospitalisation and mortality rates. ET also has been shown to have beneficial effects on depression and anxiety levels. High intensity training and moderate continuous training have both shown benefit, while resistance exercise training and ventilatory assistance may also be beneficial. ET adherence rates are higher when enrolled to a supervised programme but prescription rates remain low worldwide. Further research is required to establish the most efficacious exercise prescriptions in patients with HFrEF and HFpEF, but personalised exercise regimens should be considered as part of HF management.
Increasing the Construct Validity of Computational Phenotypes of Mental Illness Through Active Inference and Brain Imaging
Authors: Limongi Roberto , Skelton Alexandra Brooke , Tzianas Lydia Helen , Silva Angelica Maria
Published: November 2024

After more than 30 years since its inception, the utility of brain imaging for understanding and diagnosing mental illnesses is in doubt, receiving well-grounded criticisms from clinical practi-tioners. The symptom-based correlational approach seems unable to provide the field of psychiatry with reliable brain-imaging metrics. However, the emergence of computational psychiatry has paved a new path not only for understanding the psychopathology of mental illness but also to provide practical tools to the clinical practice in terms of computational metrics: computational phenotypes. These phenotypes, however, still lack the necessary test-retest reliability. In this re-view, we describe recent works unveiling that mind and brain-related computational phenotypes show structural (not random) variation over time, longitudinal changes. Furthermore, we show that these findings suggest that understanding the causes of these changes will improve the con-struct validity of the phenotypes with ensued increase in test-retest reliability. Finally, we propose that the active inference framework of brain functioning provides a general-purpose method to causally understand these longitudinal changes by integrating brain images as observations in partially observable Markov decision processes.