bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome in Children and Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome, Depression, and Anxiety Levels in Their Parents
Authors: Koc Apaydin Zuhal , Kasak Meryem , Karakaya Ozlem , Ogutlu Hakan , Ugurlu Mustafa , McNicholas Fiona
Published: February 2025

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS) symptoms in children/adolescents and their parents within the Turkish population, examining the association with co-occurring ADHD symptoms, peer/social relationships, and total difficulties.

Method:

The study included 229 parents aged 18 to 50 with children aged 6 to 18 from the staff of Karabuk Training and Research Hospital. Data collection occurred from April to September 2022. Participants completed various scales, including the Adult Concentration Inventory (ACI), Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), Conners’ Parent Rating Scale-Revised Short Form (CPRS-R), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale (CABI-SCT).

Results:

A positive correlation was found between CDS symptoms in children/adolescents and their parents. CDS symptoms in children were also associated with significant comorbidities, such as ADHD, oppositional defiance, peer problems, and internalization problems. In parents, CDS was observed to be associated with levels of depression, anxiety, and stress.

Conclusion:

The study highlights the strong relationship between CDS symptoms in children and their parents, suggesting potential genetic and environmental factors. CDS is associated with significant mental health comorbidities across all age groups. The findings underscore the need for interventions to support the mental health of both children and parents with CDS. Further research is needed to elucidate the impact and etiology of CDS on family dynamics and mental health.
Study on abrasive wear of textured slider friction pair of horizontal pump
Authors: He Tao , Zheng Hao , Deng Haishun , Fang Siyuan , Wang Chuanli , Luo Gang
Published: February 2025

The surface damage caused by the abrasive wear of the slider wear sleeve friction pair under the high pollution condition of the coal mine is one of the important factors affecting the performance of the horizontal pump. In order to improve the anti wear performance of the slider wear sleeve friction pair, the abrasive wear model of the textured slider wear sleeve friction pair was established based on Enhanced Discrete Element Method (EDEM). The breakage and escape of the abrasive particles, and the wear of the textured friction pair, under the conditions of upper contact and lower contact were analyzed. The curve of the abrasive particles number under reciprocating motion, the regional distribution characteristics of abrasive particles, the wear traces and the partition wear amount of the friction pair were obtained. Besides the correlation between the above parameters was analyzed. Finally, the optimal texture position and texture arrangement were determined, and the experimental verification was carried out. The research indicates that the texture with appropriate arrangement has a good anti-abrasive wear function, which reduces the extrusion wear between the abrasive particles and the surface of the specimen while collecting the abrasive particles, and has the effect of guiding the abrasive particles to escape. And the textured slider under lower contact has the best wear resistance. The research can lay a foundation for the design of texture wear reduction and surface damage reduction of reciprocating friction pairs of horizontal piston pumps under high abrasive conditions.
Peer integration – a free choice? Newly arrived children's participation in free play in Swedish preschools
Authors: Löthman Charlotte , Puskás Tünde
Published: February 2025

This article investigates how integration manifests at the micro level by exploring how four newly arrived migrant children are enabled or restricted in their participation in peer play during free play. Based on in-depth analyses of participant observations and video recordings, the authors illustrate how certain participation patterns have the potential to enable peripheral participation in peer play, while others risk leaving these children more or less disconnected from play conducted in the majority language. The authors discuss these patterns from the perspective of integration and problematize children's free choice during play activities in early childhood education and care. The findings imply a need for preschool practitioners to adopt a more active role during free play in order to facilitate children coming together and learning from each other. The article is innovative in the sense that it makes use of integrative perspectives on education and explores a social phenomenon in the context of early childhood education and care.
Sound absorption properties of natural Bari bamboo composite
Authors: Kumar Raja , Saha Ankuran , Biswas Nabarun , Singh Gurbhej , Beemkumar N , Kumar Ambati Vijay , Bhowmik Abhijit , Bhattacharjee Biplab
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the sound absorption properties of Bari bamboo (Bambusa polymorpha) composites, using crumb rubber from waste tires and polyurethane binder (PU Binder). The objective is to evaluate the acoustic properties of panels made from different bamboo culm parts—internode and node fibers—and combinations with crumb rubber and air gaps. The samples’ sound absorption coefficient (SAC) was measured using the two-microphone impedance tube transfer function method. Results indicate that bamboo panels with node diaphragms achieve a SAC peak of over 0.9 at frequencies below 960 Hz. The incorporation of crumb rubber significantly improves sound absorption at lower frequencies, and air gaps shift the SAC peak to even lower frequencies. The study demonstrates that Bari bamboo composites, reinforced with crumb rubber, can be a sustainable and effective alternative to synthetic sound-absorbing materials. The highest SAC values were obtained from panels with node diaphragms and consolidated crumb rubber, which exhibited enhanced sound absorption performance. The introduction of an air gap further optimized the SAC at lower frequencies. This work highlights the potential of utilizing natural, biodegradable materials like Bari bamboo combined with waste-derived crumb rubber for sound absorption applications, offering an environmentally friendly solution for noise control.
Two New Types of Manuscript Submissions: Registered Reports and Research to Practice
Authors: Stevenson Nathan A. , Bellara Aarti P.
Published: February 2025

In this editorial we introduce two new types of manuscript submissions: registered reports and research to practice. We provide a brief overview on the history and benefits of registered reports and how to submit these to AEI. Next we introduce research to practice pieces and invite past authors to consider how they might reframe their academic article published in AEI to be applicable to practitioners.
Minimizing risk to the dorsal sensory branch of the ulnar nerve in wrist arthroscopy: an anatomical study
Authors: Atzei Andrea , Senesi Letizia , Gesuita Rosaria , Chung Sze Ryn , Luchetti Riccardo
Published: February 2025

Wrist arthroscopic procedures using ulnar wrist portals, such as the 6-ulnar and direct foveal portals, have a risk of injuring the dorsal sensory branch of the ulnar nerve. This study investigated the anatomy of the dorsal sensory branch of the ulnar nerve and its positional changes during supination, neutral rotation and pronation at specific landmarks to find an optimal forearm position to minimize the risk of iatrogenic nerve injury during arthroscopy. The concept of ‘nerve density’ was introduced to quantify the likelihood of encountering the dorsal sensory branch of the ulnar nerve within different sectors, correlating to the risk of nerve injury. Our findings indicate that the sectors containing the 6-ulnar and direct foveal portals showed very low risk (≤5% risk) in supination and neutral rotation, but moderate risk (30–60% risk) in pronation. These results suggest that maintaining the forearm in neutral rotation or supination reduces the risk of injury to the dorsal sensory branch of the ulnar nerve during procedures that use these portals.

Level of evidence: IV
Is endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection better than endoscopic submucosal dissection in treating large superficial esophageal neoplastic lesions? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Huimin , Zhang Yueyi , Wang Yabing , Pang Ke , Xi Wenfeng , Zou Long , He Kun , Wang Qiang , Huang Liuye
Published: February 2025

Background:

The resection of large superficial esophageal neoplastic lesions (SENLs) presents significant challenges for traditional endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection (ESTD) has emerged as an alternative that potentially reduces resection difficulty.

Objectives:

We aimed to compare ESTD and ESD in the treatment of large SENLs.

Design:

Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Data sources and methods:

We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Wanfang Data for RCTs comparing ESTD with ESD for large SENLs until July 1, 2024. The grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation framework was used to assess the certainty of the evidence, whereas trial sequential analysis (TSA) was used to control for random errors and evaluate conclusion validity.

Results:

Four RCTs involving 315 patients were included. The pooled analysis showed that ESTD was significantly faster than ESD (mean differences 5.06, 95% confidence interval: 3.31–6.80; p < 0.01; I2 = 0%; low certainty of evidence). TSA indicated a desired sample size of 162, with the cumulative Z curve crossing the trial sequential monitoring boundary. ESTD also had lower rates of major complications and post-operation esophageal stricture (low certainty of evidence). No significant differences were found in en bloc and curative resection rates.

Conclusion:

With low certainty, ESTD appears superior to ESD for large SENLs, offering faster resection and fewer complications, with similar en bloc and curative resection rates.

Trial registration:

This meta-analysis protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024520754).
Managing industrial water treatment processes knowledge with knowledge graphs
Authors: Papageorgiou Nikos , Pournara Dimitra , Apostolou Dimitris , Mentzas Gregoris
Published: February 2025

The paper reviews, represents and captures knowledge about industrial water treatment processes and predicative models, in order to facilitate management of relevant knowledge. The proposed approach is based on a Knowledge Graph (KG), which integrates process knowledge and predictive models, adding context to their application and usage; improves problem and data understanding by facilitating communication between data analysts and process engineers, providing clear, human-readable explanations; and facilitates answering process-related knowledge questions and provides answers that include relevant data elements, models, and key performance indicators (KPIs).Further, the paper includes examples of how the KG can be used in practice. Directions and recommendations are provided, as well as research guidelines of how the KG can augment generative AI approaches, paving the way for the development of retrieval-augmented knowledge management models and systems.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Well-Being at Worksites: Charting the Field for Enhancing Its Applicability
Authors: Vega-Campos Marta , Pérez-Pérez Marta , Sarabia-Cobo Carmen
Published: February 2025

The advent of the “New Era for Mental Health” has made the management of this intangible asset one of the hottest topics in the workplace. It is the leading cause of disability today. Organizations are encouraged to use psychological interventions to promote and prevent more sustainable and productive workplaces. The aim of this article is to develop an exploratory and systematic mixed review that combines quantitative and narrative analysis to synthesize the available literature on the use of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) interventions in the workplace—an increasingly popular therapy to address this challenge. This review provides a comprehensive reflection of the existing state of the art, gaps in current research, and future directions on the topic. The analysis of 59 articles collected from Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, and PubMed databases from 2000 to 2023 reveals, firstly, that the use of ACT interventions in the workplace is increasing significantly, with an upward trend over the last 5 years and a presence in high-impact journals. Secondly, the research themes identified reveal that ACT intervention is still focused on clinical settings with limited presence in other sectors or organizational settings—such as education, business management, or return-to-work programs. Based on these results, this research underscores the growing importance of ACT in the workplace, revealing seven research opportunities to extend its application across various sectors and accelerate its effective implementation in industry and academia, thereby enhancing mental health and productivity.
Perceived benefits, information, vaccination history, and conspiracy beliefs as significant determinants of RSV vaccine acceptance among Arab seniors
Authors: Sallam Malik , Al-Mahzoum Kholoud , Yousef Zainab Mansour , Alfouzan Jeelan Saleh , Alharbi Maryam Jamal , Alsubaiei Mohammad Khaled , Albalwah Mohammed Yahya M. , Shehadeh Mohammad W. , Obeidat Rawan J. , Yaseen Khaled O. , Abdelaziz Doaa H. , Salim Nesreen A. , Sallam Mohammed , Barakat Muna
Published: February 2025

Background:

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) poses a significant respiratory health risk to senior citizens, contributing substantially to hospitalizations and mortality. With the recent approval of three RSV vaccines for the elderly, it is critical to understand the factors that can shape the RSV vaccination attitudes to inform public health strategies that can enhance uptake among this vulnerable population.

Objectives:

This study aimed to investigate the potential factors that could influence the attitudes toward RSV vaccination among senior citizens in Arab countries.

Design:

A multinational cross-sectional study, adhering to STROBE guidelines, was conducted using a survey instrument previously validated through exploratory factor analysis to assess attitudes toward the newly approved RSV vaccine.

Methods:

A self-administered online survey was distributed conveniently among senior citizens mainly across five Arab countries. The survey collected data on demographics, vaccination history, and key constructs related to RSV vaccine attitude, including “Fear,” “Information,” “Accessibility,” “Benefits,” and “Conspiracy.”

Results:

A total of 483 participants were included in the study, with the majority from five Arab countries: Jordan ( n = 239, 49.5%), Kuwait ( n = 74, 15.3%), Egypt ( n = 68, 14.1%), Saudi Arabia ( n = 51, 10.6%), and the UAE ( n = 23, 4.8%), alongside participants from other Arab nations ( n = 28, 5.8%). Among the respondents, 51.1% ( n = 247) expressed acceptance of the RSV vaccine, 22.4% ( n = 108) were hesitant, and 26.5% ( n = 128) exhibited refusal. Multivariate analysis identified perceived benefits (β = 0.484, p < 0.001), information needs (β = 0.229, p < 0.001), and previous vaccination history (β = 0.087, p = 0.016) as significant positive predictors of vaccine acceptance. Conversely, stronger conspiracy beliefs (β = −0.083, p = 0.035) were associated with vaccine resistance. Fear and accessibility were not significant predictors of vaccine attitudes.

Conclusion:

The findings showed that perceived benefits, access to reliable information, previous vaccination history, and conspiracy beliefs are essential to promote RSV vaccine acceptance among Arab seniors. These factors are recommended to improve RSV vaccine uptake in this vulnerable population.
Nonvisualization of the Fetal Gallbladder: A Portuguese Case Series From a Tertiary Medical Center
Authors: Mafra Joana , Nunes Filipa , Branco Miguel , Galhano Eulália , Ramos Fabiana
Published: February 2025

The nonvisualization of the fetal gallbladder (NVFGB) is a rare finding, occurring in approximately 0.1% of pregnancies. The NVFGB may be classified as either isolated or nonisolated, depending on whether it occurs in conjunction with additional anomalies. A retrospective study, conducted from January 2016 to May 2022 was designed to evaluate the clinical features, management and prognosis of NVFGB. Thirteen cases were referred to the prenatal diagnostic center. The cases were classified as two that were isolated and 11 were nonisolated. In isolated cases, chromosomal analysis and genetic testing for common CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) mutations yielded normal results, and isolated gallbladder agenesis was confirmed postnatally. In the nonisolated group, two cases were diagnosed with cystic fibrosis (CF) and one with Williams syndrome. Of the 11 nonisolated cases, ten resulted in termination of pregnancy (TOP), while in one case, the gallbladder was observed at 24-week gestation. P﻿renatal management of NVFGB remains a significant challenge. Its prognosis is closely related to the presence of other abnormalities. CF plays a significant role when gastrointestinal anomalies are detected. When isolated, once CF and chromosomal abnormalities are excluded, NVFGB is generally considered a benign condition.
Burden of hidden migraine among the Arab general population: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Elzayat Mohamed A. , Kassab Shorouq A. , Nada Mona A. F. , El-Gilany Abdel-Hady
Published: February 2025

Background

Migraine is a common type of primary headache which is responsible for one-third of the headache cases. It’s also considered the third highest neurological disease with disability in 2021, however, underdiagnosis of migraine remains a significant health problem. This study aims to assess the prevalence of hidden migraine identified by screening among the Arab general population, describe the characteristics of headache attacks, and assess disability and distress associated with migraine.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted between April and June 2024 among the general population of eight Arab countries using a self-administered online questionnaire to collect sociodemographic data and medical history. The questionnaire also included the ten-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), Migraine Screen Questionnaire (MS-Q), and Migraine Disability Assessment Questionnaire (MIDAS).

Results

A total of 2152 individuals completed the questionnaire with a median age of 24 (21–29). Among them 683 (31.7%) individuals were screened positive by MS-Q. Using regression analysis, the independent predictors for positive screening were being Saudi Arabian, having one or more diseases, and having severe psychological distress with adjusted odds ratios of 0.622, 0.282, and 1.329 respectively. Among positive cases, 667 (97.7%) reported having headaches in the past 3 months. Phonophobia (50.97%) and photophobia (49.33%) were the most common associated symptoms. Sleep disturbance (66.72%) and noise (63.87%) were the most common triggering factors while sleep (71.81%) and self-medication (68.52%) were the most common relieving factors. Only 25.34% reported having aura with the last attack. According to MIDAS scores, 459 (67.2%) positive cases had moderate or severe disabilities. Regression analysis identified being a housewife and having one or more diseases as the independent predictors of having moderate or severe disabilities with adjusted odds ratios of 0.228 and 0.523 respectively.

Conclusion

Migraine is still underdiagnosed in Arab countries which causes significant disability among positive cases. Raising awareness about the importance of early migraine diagnosis is crucial for encouraging the general population to seek medical advice once they have symptoms.
Genome-wide association analysis using multiple Atlantic salmon populations
Authors: Ajasa Afees A. , Gjøen Hans M. , Boison Solomon A. , Lillehammer Marie
Published: February 2025

Background

In a previous study, we found low persistence of linkage disequilibrium (LD) phase across breeding populations of Atlantic salmon. Accordingly, we observed no increase in accuracy from combining these populations for genomic prediction. In this study, we aimed to examine if the same were true for detection power in genome-wide association studies (GWAS), in terms of reduction in p-values, and if the precision of mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) would improve from such analysis. Since individual records may not always be available, e.g. due to proprietorship or confidentiality, we also compared mega-analysis and meta-analysis. Mega-analysis needs access to all individual records, whereas meta-analysis utilizes parameters, such as p-values or allele substitution effects, from multiple studies or populations. Furthermore, different methods for determining the presence or absence of independent or secondary signals, such as conditional association analysis, approximate conditional and joint analysis (COJO), and the clumping approach, were assessed.

Results

Mega-analysis resulted in increased detection power, in terms of reduction in p-values, and increased precision, compared to the within-population GWAS. Only one QTL was detected using conditional association analysis, both within populations and in mega-analysis, while the number of QTL detected with COJO and the clumping approach ranged from 1 to 19. The allele substitution effect and -log10p-values obtained from mega-analysis were highly correlated with the corresponding values from various meta-analysis methods. Compared to mega-analysis, a higher detection power and reduced precision were obtained with the meta-analysis methods.

Conclusions

Our results show that combining multiple datasets or populations in a mega-analysis can increase detection power and mapping precision. With meta-analysis, a higher detection power was obtained compared to mega-analysis. However, care must be taken in the interpretation of the meta-analysis results from multiple populations because their test statistics might be inflated due to population structure or cryptic relatedness.
The Genetic Information and Family Testing (GIFT) study: trial design and protocol
Authors: Katz Steven J. , Abrahamse Paul , Hofer Tim P. , Courser Rebecca R. , Hodan Rachel , Tocco Rachel S. , Rios-Ventura Sonia , Ward Kevin C. , Hamilton Ann S. , Kurian Allison W. , An Lawrence C.
Published: February 2025

Background

There is pressing need to develop and evaluate clinically sound approaches to supporting the engagement between patients who have inherited cancer susceptibility and their relatives who may share it. Identifying and engaging patients with an inherited cancer susceptibility in the community is a potentially powerful strategy to reduce the gap in genetic risk evaluation for their families. The goal of the Genetic Information and Family Testing (GIFT) Study is to engage patients about inherited cancer susceptibility and provide support and services to their relatives to initiate genetic risk evaluation (including choice of home genetic testing).

Methods/design

We are conducting a population-based, 2 × 2 factorial cluster-randomized clinical trial to implement and evaluate a direct-to-family, virtual, personalized, family-centered communication and decision-making tool: the Family Genetic Health Program. We use a unique SEER-based data infrastructure that we pioneered to identify patients diagnosed with cancer in the states of Georgia and California who carry a pathogenic variant (PV) in clinically tested cancer susceptibility gene. Eligible patients are offered enrollment into the trial and can invite their eligible first- and second-degree relatives to enroll. The index subject is randomized, and relatives are then cluster randomized by family. Participants in all arms receive some level of intervention, including at least the web-based platform with information about genetic testing and, for the relatives, an option to receive genetic testing through the study platform. We study the effects of two intervention design features: (1) the level of personalized family genetic risk navigation support: a technology-assisted, personally tailored patient and family member education and communication tool vs. the tool plus direct assistance from a lay human navigator); and (2) the cost of the genetic test offered to the relatives ($50 vs. free).

Discussion

GIFT is a blueprint for how a virtual cascade genetic risk program can be delivered in the community, through a population-based approach to patients and relatives in families with hereditary cancer syndromes. The vision, experiences, and findings from GIFT will inform next-generation implementation science and the results will pertain to stakeholders interested in a population-based approach to cascade genetic risk evaluation.

Trial registration

NCT05552664 registered at Clincaltrials.gov September 20, 2022.
Periodontitis and gastrointestinal cancer: a nationwide cohort study of NHANES 2009–2014
Authors: Pu Ke , Luo Ting , Li Juan , Tang Qian , Feng Yang , Yang Guodong
Published: February 2025

The association between periodontitis and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) cancer has undergone extensive investigation. However, there is ongoing controversy regarding the impact of periodontitis on the incidence and mortality rates among GIT cancer patients. This study aims to clarify the relationship between periodontitis and the risk as well as mortality rates of GIT cancer.

Methods: The data utilized in this study were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database for the years 2009–2014, which included a total of 10,706 participants from the United States. The incidence and mortality rates of GIT cancer were analyzed in relation to periodontitis. To ensure the reliability of the results, additional adjustments for covariates and stratification analyses were conducted.

Results: In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, various variables such as age, sex, race, BMI, income, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus were adjusted for. The analysis revealed no positive association between periodontitis and an increased risk of total cancer or GIT cancer including colorectal cancer. However, periodontitis was found to be significantly associated with higher mortality rates among participants for all-cause (HR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.26-2.00; P < 0.001), GIT cancer (HR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.24–2.20; P < 0.001), and colorectal cancer (HR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.24–2.19; P < 0.001) individually.

Conclusions: The study demonstrates that periodontitis is not associated with an increased risk of incidence for total cancer, or GIT cancer including colorectal cancer. However, it is significantly associated with a higher risk of mortality for all-cause, GIT cancer, and colorectal cancer among participants in the NHANES study.
The families SHARE project: novel insights on recruiting and engaging Black men in a community-based genomic education program
Authors: Nummelin Julia R. , Brookes Jama J. , Bishop Raegan A. , Whitted Calandra G. , Dash Chiranjeev , Koehly Laura M.
Published: February 2025

Background

Black Americans are disproportionately affected by a number of common complex conditions, such as cancer. Genomic tools like Family Health History (FHH) can be useful in guiding screening and behavior based on a person’s risk for these conditions. Factors such as family communication and societal norms can influence individuals’ knowledge of their FHH. Men, particularly Black men, are less likely than women to know FHH. Further, there is limited understanding of Black men’s participation in FHH dissemination, as they are often underrepresented in biomedical research. Understanding Black men’s perceptions of FHH sharing may help guide effective recruitment and retention efforts in future genomic research providing an opportunity to investigate their lack of engagement in FHH conversations.

Aims

The purpose of this paper was two-fold: (1) Detail methods that were effective in recruiting and retaining Black men in community-based genomic research interventions, and (2) Evaluate the factors influencing men’s participation in FHH gathering and sharing.

Methods

This one-year, mixed methods study combined qualitative community-based education programs (n = 12) and semi-structured interviews (n = 27), with quantitative survey assessing participant characteristics and sex differences (n = 50). Transcripts from the program were coded by separate study team members for themes and provided insights into study participants’ perceptions about FHH and their involvement in gathering and disseminating this information within their family.

Results

Challenges in recruiting and retaining Black men prompted the study team to pivot recruitment strategies, including partnering with community-based organizations focused on men’s health, growing the research team to include Black men, adapting to potential participants’ time constraints, and creating opportunities to build trust. A thematic analysis of community education sessions and interviews identified five themes, including social role expectations and perceived family disconnectedness, that provide insights into potential barriers to participation. Qualitative data from participants suggests that beliefs and perceptions about the roles Black men play in health discussions within the family may influence their involvement, while community programs were seen as encouraging men to engage in these conversations.

Conclusion

These lessons learned provide valuable perspectives on potential barriers to participation, which may inform future strategies that aim to engage Black men in family-oriented community education programs and genomic research.
Correlations between family characteristics and childcare in optimizing the growth of children under six years
Authors: Rahayuwati Laili , Yani Desy Indra , Hendrawati Sri , Setiawan Arlette Suzy , Irza Damar , Fauziah Sherllina Rizqi
Published: February 2025

Background

Families have a the primary influence on children. In particular, excellent childcare in the family is assumed to correlate with children’s health status, growth, and development. Hence, some family factors contribute to the optimization of childcare. This study aims to analyze family characteristics that correlate with childcare for children under six in Indonesia.

Methods

The data collection instrument used was a Performance and Accountability Survey Program (SKAP) questionnaire of the National Population and Family Planning Board for Indonesia to assess family function in children’s health development in a sample of 7,651 parents, mothers, and/or fathers of children under six years of age. Childcare was the outcome variable. In addition, the chi-square test and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.

Results

The results showed a significant correlation between parents’ education, family health insurance ownership, number of toddlers, preschool age children and media exposure to health with family parenting patterns that influence children’s health. Meanwhile, parental age and parents occupation did not significantly contribute to childcare quality. Multivariate analysis showed that older age (particularly 20–34 years), exposure to media about health, family without health insurance, and parents with more than two toddlers and pre-school age were associated with better childcare.

Conclusions

Several family characteristics were significantly associated with childcare for children under six, including health media exposure, older parental age (particularly 20–34 years), do not have family health insurance and have more than two toddlers and pre-school age children. These things contribute to the fulfilment of nutrition and exclusive breastfeeding, parenting patterns, and providing access to health services for children in the family.

Ethics application number

The data were approved by the National Population and Family Planning Board for Indonesia Ethical Review Institutions number 454/LB.02/H4/2019.
Is an improvement in anaemia and iron levels associated with the risk of early postpartum depression? A cohort study from Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Babah Ochuwa Adiketu , Beňová Lenka , Larsson Elin C. , Hanson Claudia , Afolabi Bosede Bukola
Published: February 2025

Background

Anaemia and depression are common conditions which affect pregnant and postpartum women. Evidence points to associations between anaemia and iron deficiency during pregnancy, and mental health disorders like depression. However, it is unclear the association between improvement in anaemia severity or iron levels during pregnancy and incidence of postpartum depression.

Objectives

This study examined association between improvement in anaemia severity and iron levels during pregnancy after four weeks of treatment and the incidence of depression at two weeks postpartum.

Methods

This cohort study nested within a clinical trial in Lagos Nigeria, included 438 anaemic (haemoglobin concentration < 11 g/dL) pregnant women at 20–32 weeks’ gestation without depression followed up until two weeks postpartum. Participants received either intravenous or oral iron treatment at enrolment. Repeat screening for anaemia and iron deficiency (serum ferritin < 30ng/mL) was done at four weeks post-treatment. The outcome, depression (score > 10), was measured at two weeks postpartum using validated Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Associations between improvement in anaemia severity and iron levels after four weeks post-enrolment versus depression at two weeks postpartum were examined using logistic regression analysis, adjusting for confounders.

Results

Mean age of women was 29.5 ± 5.6years. Median haemoglobin concentration of 9.3 (IQR: 8.8–9.8)g/dL and median serum ferritin 44.4 (IQR: 22.1–73.7)ng/mL at enrolment. Prevalence of postpartum depression was 5.8% (95%CI: 3.8–8.5%). There was a non-significant association between improvement in anaemia severity at four weeks post-enrolment and postpartum depression, aOR: 0.15 (95%CI: 0.02–1.15). The odds for postpartum depression was nearly five times higher in women who had postpartum haemorrhage, aOR: 4.90 (95%CI: 1.18–20.36). In the subgroup with iron deficiency (n = 148), no association was found between an improvement in iron levels four weeks post-enrolment and the odds for postpartum depression, aOR: 1.14 (95%CI: 0.09–3.93).

Conclusion

Improvement in anaemia severity during late pregnancy was non-significantly associated with lower risk for postpartum depression; no association between improvement in iron levels and postpartum depression. It is likely that an improvement in anaemia severity in early pregnancy will lessen the burden of postpartum depression; however, this study is limited by sample size to draw this conclusion.
Did the pandemic change lifestyle behaviours in Italy? An interrupted time series analysis on the four main NCDs behavioural risk factors from 2008 to 2023
Authors: Asta Federica , Minardi Valentina , Contoli Benedetta , Possenti Valentina , Casigliani Virginia , Masocco Maria
Published: February 2025

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has had repercussions in several areas. The indirect effects of the pandemic on healthy living behaviours are multiple and complex to assess. The aim is to assess the impact of the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic in Italy on the most relevant modifiable behaviours risks for non-communicable diseases (NCDs).

Methods

PASSI 2008–2023 data referring to a sample of 18-69-year-olds residing in Italy was used to estimate the prevalences of smoking, alcohol, fruit and vegetable consumption, and physical inactivity lifestyle. For each of these risks was used an interrupted time series (ITS) study with Generalized Least Squares (GLS) model to assess trends before and after the pandemic’s outbreak in Italy (March 2020). The “intervention” period is postulated as March 2020, and the “post-intervention” period extends from April 2020 to December 2023. In these models, the hypothetical situation without “intervention” and with the trend remains unchanged is commonly known as the ‘counterfactual’ scenario. Through ITS model both “counterfactual data” and “factual data” were obtained.

Results

From 2008 to 2023, 532,115 people were interviewed. Results showed, during “post-intervention” period, significant differences between factual and counterfactual prevalences started in 2022 and strengthened during 2023 and for all of the four behavioural indicators analysed: smoking, high-risk alcohol consumption, fruit and vegetable consumption (both all three of them worsening) and physical inactivity (which appears to decrease). Current smokers exhibited similar prevalences in March 2020 (24.5% vs. 24.3%), followed by a plateau throughout the entire ‘post-intervention’ period. By December 2023, however, the counterfactual prevalence was significantly lower than the observed rate (24.5% factual vs. 22.7% counterfactual). The initial improvement observed in the prevalence of high-risk drinkers in March 2020 (13% factual vs. 17% counterfactual) was followed by a rapid worsening and in December 2023 the prevalence was significantly higher than expected (19.7% vs. 16.9%). The fruit and vegetable consumption worsened and the factual prevalence of five-a-day in December 2023 was significantly lower than counterfactual (6.6% vs. 9.0%). Physical inactivity following an initial worsening in March 2020 (albeit not statistically significant), appeared to decrease in December 2023, with the factual prevalence lower than counterfactual (26.9% vs. 32.4%).

Conclusions

Results found in this article showed at the end of studied period the achievement of a plateau for current smokers, a worsening in the high-risk alcohol consumption, in fruit and vegetable intakes and a reduction in physical inactivity. Understanding shifts in these lifestyle indicators is crucial for the proper design of interventions aimed at reducing the burden of NCDs.
Detection and characterization of bovine coronavirus and rotavirus in calves in Ethiopia
Authors: Redda Yisehak Tsegaye , Adamu Haileeyesus , Bergholm Julia , Lindahl Johanna F. , Blomström Anne-Lie , Berg Mikael , Sisay Tessema Tesfaye
Published: February 2025

Background

Bovine rotavirus A (BRVA) and bovine coronavirus (BCoV) cause significant diarrhea in young calves, leading to health issues and economic losses in the cattle industry. This study aimed to detect and molecularly characterize BRVA and BCoV in calves from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Fecal samples were collected from 105 calves under six months old, both with and without diarrhea. BRVA and BCoV were detected using quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR), followed by genome sequencing for phylogenetic analysis and genotype determination.

Results

BRVA was found in 3.8% of the calves, while BCoV was detected in 2.9%. The identified rotavirus genotypes included G10, found in diarrheic calves, and G8, found in a non-diarrheic calf. All BCoV infections occurred in diarrheic calves. Phylogenetic analysis of the BCoV spike protein 1 (S1) hypervariable region (HVR) and hemagglutinin esterase (HE) gene revealed close relationships with European and Asian strains. The S1 HVR of the current virus sequence PQ249423 was 100% identical at the nucleotide level to previously reported sequences from Ethiopia. Six amino acid substitutions in the HE gene of the current BCoVs were identified compared to the reference Mebus strain of BCoV. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the current G8 BRVA sequences clustered with bovine, caprine, and human rotavirus strains, while the G10 viruses formed a distinct cluster with bovine strains. The G10 viruses showed a 99.37% nucleotide sequence similarity to a previously reported BRVA from Ethiopia, and the G8 virus displayed the highest nucleotide similarity with a caprine isolate from India. Gene segment analysis of the current BRVA viruses indicated varying similarities with human, bovine, caprine, and porcine rotavirus strains, suggesting a potential reassortment event involving artiodactyl, human, and porcine rotavirus.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the presence of BRVA and BCoV in Ethiopian dairy calves and provides insights into their genetic diversity. Genetic analysis of BCoV revealed close relationships with strains from Europe and Asia. G10 and G8 were the identified BRVA genotypes, with G8 reported for the first time in Ethiopia. Future research should focus on broader sampling and molecular characterization to understand genetic diversity and devise effective control measures.
Pathways to strengthening the epidemic intelligence workforce
Authors: Tornimbene Barbara , Leiva Rioja Zoila Beatriz , Aderinola Olaolu , Cucunubá Zulma M. , González-Uribe Catalina , Mihailov Danil , Riley Steven , Tak Sang-woo , Morgan Oliver
Published: February 2025

The evolving landscape of public health surveillance demands a proficient and diverse workforce adept in data science and analysis. This report summarises discussions from the third session of the WHO Pandemic and Epidemic Intelligence Innovation Forum, focusing on workforce readiness and technological advancements in epidemic intelligence. The forum emphasizes the necessity of multidisciplinary surveillance teams equipped with advanced data skills. Digital tools play a transformative role in data collection and analysis, enabling real-time tracking, integration, and interpretation of diverse data sources. However, effective surveillance relies on inclusive representation and skill development. Collaborative surveillance and interdisciplinary training programs were emphasized as critical pathways to enhance workforce capacity, decision-making, and equity in public health. Case studies from Nigeria, Korea, the UK, and Colombia showcase the role of digital tools and contextual expertise in addressing surveillance gaps. Sustained institutional support, cross-sector partnerships, and investments in data literacy and workforce development are pivotal for creating resilient and inclusive public health systems.
Prenatal inflammation exacerbates hyperoxia-induced neonatal brain injury
Authors: Serdar Meray , Walther Kay-Anja , Gallert Markus , Kempe Karina , Obst Stefanie , Labusek Nicole , Herrmann Ralf , Herz Josephine , Felderhoff-Müser Ursula , Bendix Ivo
Published: February 2025

Background

Premature born infants are at high risk to develop white matter injury (WMI). Hyperoxia and perinatal inflammation are main risk factors for preterm birth and associated brain injury. To date the majority of experimental studies have focused on isolated insults. However, clinically, WMI injury is a multifactorial disorder caused by a variety of triggers. To establish a clinically relevant rodent model of WMI, we combined prenatal inflammation with postnatal hyperoxia to investigate individual, and additive or synergistic effects on inflammatory processes, myelination and grey matter development.

Methods

At embryonic day 20, pregnant Wistar rat dams received either a single intraperitoneal injection of 100 µg/ kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or sodium chloride. Offspring were either exposed to hyperoxia (80% O2) or normoxia (21% O2) from postnatal day 3 to 5. Animals were sacrificed immediately after hyperoxia or 6 days later, corresponding to term-equivalent age. White and grey matter development and neuroinflammatory responses were investigated at cellular and molecular levels applying immunohistochemistry, western blotting, real time PCR in brain tissues and multiplex protein expression analysis on serum samples.

Results

Prenatal inflammation combined with postnatal hyperoxia resulted in reduced body weight and length in the offspring, accompanied by increased serum leptin levels at term equivalent age. The altered body parameters, like body weight, were associated with decreased brain volume, thinning of deep cortical layers and hypomyelination. As potential underlying mechanisms, we identified severe myelination deficits and an increased microglia activation associated with elevated inflammatory cytokine expression in brain tissues, while peripheral cytokine levels were reduced. Interestingly, effects on body size were mainly mediated by prenatal LPS, independent of hyperoxia, while oligodendrocyte degeneration was mainly induced by postnatal hyperoxia, independent of prenatal inflammation. However, for the majority of pathological changes, including brain size, myelination deficits, microglia activation and inflammatory cytokine expression, additive or synergistic effects were detected.

Conclusion

Prenatal inflammation combined with postnatal hyperoxia results in aggravated myelination deficits and inflammatory responses compared to single insults, making it an ideal model to improve our understanding of the complex pathophysiology underlying WMI and to evaluate urgently needed therapies.
Lassa virus protein–protein interactions as mediators of Lassa fever pathogenesis
Authors: Jan Sharon , Phadke Kruttika S. , Lam Victor L. , Branda Steven S. , Johnson Dylan M.
Published: February 2025

Viral hemorrhagic Lassa fever (LF), caused by Lassa virus (LASV), is a significant public health concern endemic in West Africa with high morbidity and mortality rates, limited treatment options, and potential for international spread. Despite advances in interrogating its epidemiology and clinical manifestations, the molecular mechanisms driving pathogenesis of LASV and other arenaviruses remain incompletely understood. This review synthesizes current knowledge regarding the role of LASV host-virus interactions in mediating the pathogenesis of LF, with emphasis on interactions between viral and host proteins. Through investigation of these critical protein–protein interactions, we identify potential therapeutic targets and discuss their implications for development of medical countermeasures including antiviral drugs. This review provides an update in recent literature of significant LASV host-virus interactions important in informing the development of targeted therapies and improving clinical outcomes for LF patients. Knowledge gaps are highlighted as opportunities for future research efforts that would advance the field of LASV and arenavirus pathogenesis.
The resilience of distally based sural fascio cutaneous flap in soft-tissue defects of lower limb and ankle: a prospective study
Authors: Romeih Mohamed , Al-Shamy Ahmad Abdulwahab
Published: February 2025

Background

Managing large soft-tissue defects in the distal lower extremities remains challenging for orthopedic surgeons, particularly in elderly patients with comorbidities. This study evaluates the clinical outcomes of the reverse sural flap (RSF) for reconstructing soft-tissue defects in the distal leg, heel, foot, and ankle.

Methods

This prospective study was performed on 52 cases aged from 18 to 60 years old, with either post-traumatic or post-surgical soft tissue defects situated between the distal third leg and the mid-metatarsals of the foot and underwent RSF surgery.

Results

The mean hospital stay was 8.4 (± 3.24) days. All patients experienced the healing of their soft tissue coverage. During the follow-up, ten patients had complications: Ankle stiffness occurred in 2 (3.85%) patients, marginal necrosis in 2 (3.85%) patients, superficial infection occurred in 2 (3.85%) and delayed healing in 4 (7.69%) patients.

Conclusion

The RSF is a reliable and practical option for reconstructing significant and distal soft tissue defects in the lower extremities, with acceptable complication rates and surgical durations. Complications were found in 10 cases in the form of ankle stiffness occurring in 2 (3.85%) patients; marginal necrosis occurred in 2 (3.85%), superficial infection occurred in 2 (3.85%) patients managed with dressing, debridement, delayed healing occurred in 4 (7.69%) patients and. The hospital stay’s mean value (± SD) was 8.4 (± 3.24) days.