bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the flexural and flexural-bond behaviour of beams reinforced with CFRP rods with different surfaces
Authors: Choi So Yeong , Kim Il Sun , Kang Su Tae , Yang Eun Ik
Published: August 2024

Carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) bars are available with diverse surfaces and with a wide range of tensile strengths compared with traditional rebars. However, CFRP rods in beams require a larger cross-section than steel rebars in order to meet the required anchorage length in current design standards. The goal of this work was to compare the flexural and flexural-bond behaviours of CFRP-reinforced beams and steel-reinforced beams using four-point flexural tests. CFRP rods with thread-wrapped and sand-coated surfaces, each with distinct characteristics, were used. Additionally, two shear span/depth ratios were considered (2.5 and 3.5). The results indicated pseudo-plastic behaviour in the load–deflection curves of the CFRP-reinforced beams. This behaviour was attributed to the slip due to the reduced bond strength between the concrete and reinforcement, leading to the final failure. Based on the surface type of the CFRP rods, a cross-sectional design with the maximum load exceeding the design load was realised, even when the CFRP-reinforced beam failed to satisfy the required anchorage length. These findings suggest that the current anchorage length equations may be overly conservative, indicating the need for appropriate adjustments to the design approach.
Effect of explosive detonation velocity on the degree of rock pre-fracturing during blasting
Authors: Khokhlov S. V. , Vinogradov Yu. I. , Makkoev V. A. , Abiyev Z. A.
Published: August 2024

At many quarries for the extraction of building stone there is a problem of increased output of fines after all stages of crushing and grinding, which leads to a decrease in the economic performance of mining enterprises. The fine fraction is formed by the crushing / grinding of prefractured rock mass. Reducing the intensity and size of the prefracture zones will lead to a solution to the problem at hand. To determine the effect of explosive detonation properties on the degree of structural weakening of a rock mass, studies were conducted to measure the detonation velocity, stresses generated by a blast in the rock mass, as well as laboratory studies of microfracturing by X-ray computer microtomography. The size of the prefracture zones increases from 33 to 77 charge radii with increasing the detonation velocity from 2 to 5.2 km/s. The dependence of the number of microdefects (microfractures) generated by a blast on the velocity of explosive detonation takes the formof an exponent for the near zone and is linear for the distances far from the blast. According to the data of the experiments conducted at short distances (10R), the density of induced microfracturing N is within ≈5 thousand pcs/cm3, and with increasing the detonation velocity it increases to ≈13.8 thousand pcs/cm3. At medium (40R) and long (70R) distances, N increases from ≈750 to ≈2,400 pcs/cm3 and from 0 to ≈200 pcs/cm3, respectively. Using explosives with a reduced detonation velocity allows reducing the “surplus” impact on a rock mass and thus reducing the intensity of prefracture in the zone of controlled crushing during a blast. The study allowed obtaining quantitative parameters of the intensity and size of the prefracture zones, which compose the supplement to findings of historical studies on qualitative determination of prefracture.
Atenção psicológica às puérperas na maternidade: relato de experiência
Authors: Tortorelli Ticiana Graziele , Zerbetto Sonia Regina , Lima Lucia Regina Ortiz
Published: August 2024

OBJETIVO: Relatar a experiência de realizar intervenções em saúde mental desenvolvidas com puérperas internadas por razão de pós-parto imediato. MÉTODO: Relato de prática profissional sobre a criação e implantação do Programa de Saúde Mental da Recém-mamãe, realizado no período de fevereiro de 2019 a fevereiro de 2024 com mulheres hospitalizadas após o parto, independente da via (cesárea ou normal) em uma maternidade pública do interior paulista. Fundamentada pela Terapia Cognitivo Comportamental (TCC), as ações do programa foram organizadas em um Protocolo de Conduta, para a psicóloga da instituição e elaboração de questionário intitulado “Escala Perceptiva de Experiência do Parto”, objetivando abordar sobre a percepção da mulher com relação à sua vivência de parir, bem como, emoções e sentimentos envolvidos no momento, viabilizando um acolhimento mais assertivo de acordo com a demanda da participante. RESULTADOS: As ações do programa basearam-se em escuta qualificada, dando ênfase à narrativa da participante. A atenção à recém-mãe seguiu as seguintes diretrizes de atuação: abordagem com o questionário desenvolvido; atendimento psicológico de acordo com a demanda da participante; interconsulta com médico para tratamento medicamentoso, avaliação com instrumentos de saúde mental; encaminhamentos para serviço de psicologia externo; orientações sobre os aspectos emocionais do pós-parto; entrega de relatório à diretoria da instituição buscando fomentar ações de melhoria no que tange a gestão em saúde. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: A implantação do Programa permitiu um cuidado mais sensível, personalizado e assertivo, promovendo nova dinâmica de atenção à saúde mental materna no ambiente hospitalar.
Evaluation of Tectonics along Western Extension of Gavilgarh Fault Zone, Central India using Geomorphic Indices
Authors: Paunikar S.K. , Manjare B.S. , Shrivatra J.R.
Published: August 2024

The study examines various morphometric parameters and geomorphic indices within sub-basins along the Western extension of the Gavilgarh Fault zone. The combined analysis of these factors serves as a crucial tool for assessing tectonic activity in the region, showing strong correlations with structural discontinuities and geomorphological anomalies. The study area, located Southeast of Jalgaon, Maharashtra, demonstrates recent tectonic activity, especially in sub-basins P1 to P6. Fluvial patterns within the region reflect tectonic influences, as evidenced by various geomorphic indices. The study categorizes sub-basins into different levels of tectonic activity based on these Geomorphic indices and field observations. Additionally, slope analysis, satellite imagery, and field data reveal the presence of drainage anomalies and tectonic indicators such as V-shaped valleys, waterfalls, knick points, and more. The Relative Index of Active Tectonics further classifies subbasins according to their tectonic activity levels, shedding light on the complex interplay of geomorphic and tectonic features in the Western extension of the Gavilgarh Fault zone. Overall, this study enhances understanding of the geological processes and tectonic forces shaping the region.
Nuclei Isolation from Human Synovium and Infrapatellar Fat Pad for 10x Multiome v1
Authors: Lorenzo Gomez Irene , Wang Erpei , Lotz Martin
Published: August 2024

This protocol describes isolation of nuclei from fresh-frozen human knee synovium and fat pad for use in Omics analyses, including RNA-sequencing of ATAC-sequencing. Tissue dissociation was the most critical step in optimization which was monitored by nuclei yield, integrity and purity. Methods for quality control are also described.
alternative PCR protocol for gene COXI neo-caledonian freshwater micro-crustaceans v1
Authors: Royaux Coline , Rabet Nicolas , Bonillo Céline , Busson Frédéric
Published: August 2024

This PCR protocol has been used to amplify the Cytochrome Oxydase I gene of neo-caledonian genera Boeckella, Lynceus, Latonopsis, Eulimnadia and Streptocephalus with several primers.
Las Prácticas Artísticas y la Gentrificación en el Espacio Urbano Posmoderno
Authors: Varona Sánchez Iñigo
Published: August 2024

El papel de las clases creativas, más concretamente las vinculadas con el arte, ejerce un impacto en el paisaje de las ciudades facilitando procesos de transformación y reestructuración del espacio urbano, en su mayoría bajo estrategias de gentrificación. En las ciudades posmodernas la promoción del arte —desde entidades tanto públicas como privadas— en muchos casos es un instrumento al servicio de operaciones de transformación económica-cultural de barrios de clase trabajadora o áreas obsoletas para la lógica productiva dominante. Las intervenciones artísticas, los espacios culturales y los o las propias artistas facilitan la recuperación, la revalorización simbólica y económica del espacio urbano. El presente artículo quiere poner de manifiesto el análisis abordado por intelectuales que trabajan el binomio arte y gentrificación, así como algunas prácticas artísticas que denuncian e impugnan este proceso de aburguesamiento urbano. Abordaremos una serie de experiencias artísticas desde el que fue el epicentro de dichas prácticas, la ciudad de Nueva York a partir de los años 70 del siglo XX, así como en un contexto próximo como las desplegadas en algunas ciudades españolas, en las últimas décadas.
Forensic medical examination of feces in traces on material evidence: A review
Authors: Kidralieva Anna P. , Kidraliev Ruslan R.
Published: August 2024

This article provides a review of studies on forensic medical examination of feces in traces on material evidence. This issue has long attracted the attention of researchers owing to the need to identify feces in traces on material evidence during the investigation of criminal acts, including sexual assault cases. Review of literature sources has shown that the existing methods of fecal detection include the study of the morphological, enzyme, pigment, and bacteriological compositions of feces. As the methods of laboratory diagnostics improved, the methods of fecal identification also improved from microscopic to high-tech molecular genetic methods. However, despite the advantages, each of the existing methods have their limitations.
Thus, an integrated approach for fecal identification should be developed to identify its micro-traces, study putrefactive objects, differentiate feces from other biological fluids of the human body and animal feces, and perform a comparative study of feces in traces and fecal samples of persons involved to establish their common origin.
Deciphering the Interplay between Reservoir Loading and Dynamic Stresses at the Pertusillo Reservoir
Authors: Barkat Adnan , Tan Yen Joe , Madson Austin
Published: August 2024

Our ability to comprehend the underlying mechanisms of dynamic earthquake triggering (DET) is often hindered due to a lack of concurrent static stress and pore-pressure change observations. Here, we utilize the known reservoir-induced seismicity near the Pertusillo Reservoir in southern Italy as a natural experiment to track how changes in static stress and pore pressure from hydrological operations are related to DET around the reservoir. A ∼13-month (May 2005–June 2006) high-resolution seismicity catalog is utilized to compute the DET rate for potential triggering sources. The observed DET rate of ∼16% is comparable with other tectonic and volcanic regions. However, the enhanced DET rate (∼23%) around the Pertusillo Reservoir occurs when the reservoir contains its largest seasonal load as well as during the seasonal drawdown period. This suggests that periodic stress loading and pore-pressure changes are possibly the leading mechanisms controlling DET susceptibility at the Pertusillo Reservoir. Furthermore, varying triggering rates for different earthquake clusters illustrate the dependence of DET on the spatial variation of static stress, pore pressure, and the underlying crustal heterogeneities. That said, we conclude that the DET sensitivity of the Pertusillo Reservoir is possibly influenced by reservoir loading. However, longer-term monitoring is required to further elucidate this dependence.
Modeling the Asymptotic Behavior of Higher Order Aftershocks with Deep Learning
Authors: Mizrahi Leila , Jozinović Dario
Published: August 2024

Aftershocks of aftershocks—and their aftershock cascades—substantially contribute to the increased seismicity rate and the associated elevated seismic hazard after the occurrence of a large earthquake. Current state-of-the-art earthquake forecasting models therefore describe earthquake occurrence using self-exciting point processes, where events can recursively trigger more events according to empirical laws. To estimate earthquake probabilities within future time horizons of interest, a large number of possible realizations of a process are simulated, which is typically associated with long computation times that increase with the desired resolution of the forecast in space, time, or magnitude range. We here propose a machine learning approach to estimate the temporal evolution of the rate of higher order aftershocks. For this, we train a deep neural network to predict the mean output of the simulation-based approach, given a parametric description of the rate of direct aftershocks. A comparison of the two approaches to estimate the mean outcome reveals that they perform very similarly in describing synthetic datasets generated with the simulation-based approach. Our method has two major benefits over the traditional approach. It is faster by several orders of magnitude, and it is not biased by ‘extreme’ realizations containing exceptionally high or low numbers of aftershocks and thus enables accurate earthquake forecasting in near-real time.
Differentiating causes of Dyspnea in emergency and its management
Authors: Gupta Manish , Gupta Monica , Gupta Akanksha
Published: August 2024

The perception of inadequate or labored breathing is called dyspnea. Acute dyspnea in emergency merits immediate treatment for maintaining airway, breathing and circulation before proceeding to investigations and treatment of underlying pathology. This article aims to help the clinician identify the various etiological factors of dyspnea in the emergency setting, and how to triage patients and manage accordingly. Besides the usual cardiac and pulmonary causes of dyspnea, here we discuss other etiologies often encountered in emergency departments like renal, metabolic, neuromuscular, throat, neck and mental disorders.
EL RECURSO SUELO EN COLOMBIA
Authors: Malagón Castro Dimas
Published: August 2024

El Recurso Suelo ha sido inventariado en el país a través de los Levantamientos de Suelos, realizados durante cinco décadas por el Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi.
La naturaleza holística de los Levantamientos de Suelos, al integrar aspectos geomorfológicos, petrográficos-sedimentológicos, climáticos, pedológicos y de cobertura y uso actual permite caracterizar las tierras del país y utilizar clasificaciones técnicas con el fin de establecer sus capacidades, potencialidades, limitaciones, conflictos de uso y sostenibilidad.
En el artículo se describe el contexto histórico de esta disciplina en Colombia, así como su marco actual de referencia (conocimiento del recurso y sus aplicaciones), la problemática nacional del recurso (sus diferentes causas y consecuencias) y su prospectiva de desarrollo, tanto a nivel mundial como nacional.
DYING FROGS IN WESTERN COLOMBIA: CATASTROPHE OR TRIVIAL OBSERVATION?
Authors: Lynch John D. , Grant Taran
Published: August 2024

The encounter of dead or dying frogs of seven cloud forest species in July 1997 during an unusually dry period in the Serranía de los Paraguas could be an indication of a collapse of a rich fauna. Subsequent study suggests that the populations are healthy and that the observations are trivial.
UNA NUEVA ESPECIE DE COLOSTETHUS DEL GRUPO EDWARDSI DE COLOMBIA
Authors: Grant Taran
Published: August 2024

Se describe la especie hermana de Colostethus edwardsi y C. ruizi como una nueva especie de Colostethus. La monofilia del ciado que contiene los tres taxones está dada por la presencia de una conspicua proyección cloaca! que se extiende hasta el nivel medio de los muslos, y C. edwardsi + C. ruizi están unidas por la ausencia sinapomórfica de una quilla o tubérculo tarsal (presente en todos los demás dendrobátidos). Los datos de colección indican que el material típico de la nueva especie proviene de la zona urbana del municipio de Apartadó, Antioquia, pero la veracidad de esta información es cuestionable, puesto que el escenario biogeográfico de la ocurrencia en la tierra baja del Chocó de la especie hermana de dos especies del subpáramo de la Cordillera Oriental es muy improbable.
LAS CORRIENTES SUPERFICIALES EN LA CUENCA DE COLOMBIA OBSERVADAS CON BOYAS DE DERIVA
Authors: Andrade Amaya Carlos Alberto
Published: August 2024

Se describe la circulación oceánica de la superficie de la cuenca de Colombia, en especial del Caribe suroccidental, mediante el seguimiento de las trayectorias de boyas de deriva lanzadas entre 1997 y 1999 y controladas por satélite mediante el sistema Argos. La corriente superficial mostró la presencia de dos giros ciclónicos, uno generalizado en el Caribe suroccidental conocido como el Giro Panamá-Colombia y otro geográficamente restringido al Golfo de Mosquitos. El brazo sur del Giro Panamá-Colombia, conocido como la Contracorriente del mismo nombre, fue más intenso que cualquier otro rasgo de circulación del Caribe. La formación del brazo norte del Giro parece depender de la intensidad del viento, con un umbral de velocidad de los vientos Alisios del Norte de 7m.s1. Cuando el viento estuvo por debajo del umbral, las boyas salieron de la Cuenca de Colombia hacia el Mar de Caimán por el Canal Chibcha, a veces con velocidades notables que en ocasiones alcanzaron los 2m.s1.
DESIGN OF A SAMPLING NETWORK FOR AN ESTUARY IN THE COLOMBIAN CARIBBEAN
Authors: Giraldo Henao Ramón , Méndez Néstor , Ospina David
Published: August 2024

A network for monitoring physical chemistry and biological variables in the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta estuary, in the Caribbean coast of Colombia, was designed. Jnitially, through systematic sampling on a square grid. a set of 115 sampling points was chosen to measure the variables considered. Based on the data provided, a spati al auto-correlation structure for each variable was estimated through the semivariance function. Later, for different size networks, the kriging prediction variances were calculated, taking the adjusted semivariogram models as a basis. The compare son among the prediction variances for the different networks and their associated costs allowed establishing a set of sampling sites, that ata reasonable cost, substantially diminishes the prediction error for the variables of interest.
PATTERNS OF SPONGE (PORIFERA, DEMOSPONGIAE) DISTRIBUTION IN REMOTE, OCEANIC REEF COMPLEXES OF THE SOUTHWESTERN CARIBBEAN
Authors: Zea Sven
Published: August 2024

Sponge abundance data were obtained in depths from 2. 5 to 22 m at Albuquerque Cays, Serrana Bank and Roncador Bank, three remote ato lis of the Southwestern Caribbean Sea (San Andrés and Old Prov idence Archipelago, Colombi a). Although the number of sponge species (96 overall, 52 to 6 1 per atoll ) was comparable to that in reef areas in the continental shelves, the density (atoll means 22.5 to 58.3 ind.20m-2) was noticeably lower, possibly due to lower amounts of suspended organic matter. Cluster and Correspondence Anal y ses of stations showed that sponge distribution patterns were apparently stochastic, both at small and large scale, and only weakly related to major environmental variables. Inverse Analysis, however, revealed that the majority of sponges had marked habitat preferences, but th at their within-habitat di stribution was patchy. Short-di stance di spersa! of free-living larvae and migration of adults by rafting, coupled to the remoteness of the atolls, implies that the identity and timing of arri val of propagules is a random event. Together, the local proliferation of founder populations and the haphazard effect of perturbations. give rise to a strong heterogeneity, in a se ale of tens of meters to hundreds of kilometers, in the do mi nance within the same habitat type.
Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in the Fruit Extract of Hylocereus undatus Linn. and its Antiurolithiatic Activity Against Struvite Kidney Stones
Authors: Sundarapandiyan Vanathi , Helen Diana I. , Manjula K.
Published: August 2024

Aim: The objective of the study is to synthesize and characterize the properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles from natural sources. The aqueous extract of Hylocereus undatus Linn. fruit was used to synthesize Zinc oxide nanoparticles that were taken for the investigation of antiurolithiatic activity against the struvite stones. Methods: The Preliminary analysis of phytochemical screenings was carried out to study the secondary metabolites of the fruit. The magnetic stirrer method was used to synthesize the Zinc oxide Nanoparticles then their characterizations were determined by Ultra Violet (UV) spectral analysis, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) analysis, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Analysis. Struvite kidney stones were synthesized by a single diffusion method to carry out the antiurolithiatic activity. Results: The results proved the availability of various secondary metabolites and their concentrations. The prepared Zinc oxide Nanoparticles were evaluated by the ultraviolet spectral analysis and the specific range by 274.90nm, organic compounds under the FTIR analysis gave the expected outcome. The external structures by SEM show the body-centred cubic structure. The clear formation of ZnO NPs was revealed by the EDAX analysis. The nature of the crystal by XRD revealed the satisfied outcomes. The struvite kidney crystals were developed and after the crystallization they underwent scaling and morphological observation, and then the rate of inhibition was recorded. Conclusion: It was concluded that this novel work shows extraordinary outcomes. The sample of H. undatus fruit extract has a potent inhibitor of struvite kidney stones. Another focus of the study is on reducing the toxic side effects of nanoparticles through the fabrication of ZnO NP by using fruit extract also successfully exhibited.
Indigenous Medicinal Plants Based Remedies in Management of Arthritis by Irula Tribals of Tamil Nadu – A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Kavinila S. , Annamalai A. , Muthusamy P. , David Paul Raj R. S.
Published: August 2024

Arthritis is a chronic autoimmune illness that causes joint dysfunction, and antibodies directed against self-neoepitopes. Globally more than 350 million peoples have arthritis and it is the second most rheumatological problem with a prevalence of 22% to 39% in India reported by World Health Organization. Considering the numerous synthetic therapeutic strategies that target immune cells and cytokines but drug administration of allopathic anti-arthritic medicaments is still difficult because of the persistent hazardous consequences. Presently, the use of medicinal plants as a trustworthy source of new therapy has become more popular due to the numerous side effects of synthetic drugs. One of the most significant foes in modern medicine, non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs creates huge impact on human health, high influence on living quality and has significant economic implications. National Biopharma Mission primarily focus on the development of Bio-Therapeutics to achieve the sustainable health. According to the estimations based on various literatures, Fabaceae is the most significant herbal family which includes a vast range of plants having biological and therapeutic uses. This study presents the extensive knowledge about arthritis, immunomodulatory mechanism and existing drugs and therapies. The analgesic activity, potential active chemicals from the Fabaceae genus, as well as potential mechanisms of action for these plants are studied. The scientific information and evidences presented in this review paper is crucial for determining the precise effects of Fabaceae plants on pain modulation especially for arthritic pain and anti-inflammatory properties. This could be used to separate potentially active compounds from some of these medicinal plants in the future and create synthetic therapeutics.
Psilocybin - A Drug to be Considered for the Treatment of Anxiety and Depression in Cancer Patients
Authors: Velumani Suresh , Lakhani Jitendra D. , Balaraman Ramachandran
Published: August 2024

Cancer patients are more vulnerable to developing psychiatric disorders like anxiety and depression. These conditions give an additional burden leading to poor quality of life. The available antidepressant and antianxiety drugs are not very useful in improving quality of life by reducing anxiety and depressive episodes. Therefore, there is a need for good drugs to alleviate the psychiatric problems among cancer patients. The recent reviews deal with the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and efficacy of psilocybin in the treatment of patients suffering from anxiety and depression.
Identification of Flavonoids-based HITS to Inhibit GSK3β Activity: An In Silico and In Vitro Analysis
Authors: Ramanathan Muthiah , Chinniah Vijayalakshmi , Engels S. E. Maida
Published: August 2024

Background: Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a protein kinase with two isoforms, alpha and beta. GSK-3β, specifically, is found in nervous tissue and has been linked to the development of various human diseases. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the potential of flavonoids as inhibitors of GSK-3β using in silico and in vitro analyses. Methods: Schrodinger Maestro software was used for in silico molecular docking simulations to assess the interaction between flavonoids (ligands) and GSK-3β (target protein). In vitro cytotoxicity studies were performed on Rat L6 skeletal muscle cells to determine the safety of the selected flavonoids. Additionally, the neuroprotective effects of the flavonoids were evaluated using an oxygen-glucose deprivation model on SHSY 5Y neuroblastoma cells. Results: The in silico analysis revealed that all the studied flavonoids interacted with valine 135, a key amino acid for GSK-3β inhibition. Furthermore, the in vitro studies showed that the selected flavonoids were safe up to a concentration of 30 μM in rat L6 cells. Among the tested flavonoids, hesperetin, a flavanone, demonstrated the most potent neuroprotective effect in the SHSY 5Y cell line, with an IC50 value of 13.30 μM. Conclusion: Hesperetin, a flavanone, emerged as the most promising candidate among the tested flavonoids for further investigation as a potential GSK-3β inhibitor with neuroprotective properties.
Herbal Wisdom of Ayurveda: Remedies for Optimal Oral Health
Authors: Gohil Dilsar , Patel Kinjal , Maheshwari Rajesh
Published: August 2024

This review explores the rich heritage of Ayurveda, a holistic medicinal system that has evolved over thousands of years, and its integration into modern dental care practices. From the ancient tradition of oil pulling to the use of herbal chewing sticks and traditional herbs like neem, clove, turmeric, liquorice, Aloe vera, peppermint, sage, and tea tree oil, Ayurveda offers a diverse array of potential solutions for oral health issues. Scientific findings, dietary guidelines, and holistic oral care practices are meticulously examined, emphasizing the potential benefits of these natural remedies in avoiding and managing conditions, Such as tooth decay, gum disease and gingivitis. The review underscores the need for ongoing scientific research to validate the efficacy of these herbal remedies while highlighting the promising results observed thus far. Embracing a comprehensive approach that combines herbal wisdom, dietary guidelines, and holistic oral care practices may contribute to achieving and maintaining optimal oral health.
ASSOCIATION OF THE TLR9 GENE rs352140 POLYMORPHISM WITH THE ORAL MUCOSA HYPERKERATOSIS DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Morozova Viktoria , Tarasenko Svetlana , Stepanov Mihail , Repina Svetlana , Kozlova Polina , Bistritskaya Elizaveta , Meremianina Ekaterina , Svitich Oksana
Published: August 2024

Oral diseases affect about 3.5 billion people. One of these diseases is a disorder of keratinization of the oral mucosa: parakeratosis, dyskeratosis, keratosis, hyperkeratosis, acanthosis. It was of interest to us that the increased risk of cancer is statistically associated with the TT genotype of the TLR9 polymorphism (rs352140. It is also known to play a significant role in carcinogenesis through diffuse TLR2 overexpression, even in early lesions before the onset of dysplasia. There is practically no data on the association of TLR9 gene polymorphism with the risk of developing a violation of the process of keratinization of the oral mucosa.
Objectives. To identify the association between the carrier of TLR9 rs352140 polymorphism and the likelihood of hyperkeratosis.
Methodology. DNA extraction for the study of single-nucleotide polymorphic markers was carried out from buccal epithelial cells using a commercial kit "RIBO-sorb", reagents from the “Set of reagents for RT-PCR” (Syntol, RF) and specially synthesized primers and probes (Syntol, RF) were used. The study involved 60 patients, 30 of whom had a confirmed hyperkeratosis of the oral mucosal, and other 30 were in the comparison group. Samples diagnosed with hyperkeratosis were selected based on single lesions with or without dysplasia and included all areas of the oral mucosa.
Results. The number of patients with oral hyperkeratosis who are carriers of the TT genotype allele of the TLR9 rs352140 gene was 50.0% (the criterion χ2 it was 6.50 (p < 0.05), and the Fisher criterion was p < 0.05).
Conclusion. The association between the TLR9 rs352140 polymorphism (TT genotype) and the development of hyperkeratosis of the oral cavity: the TT genotype and the T allele of the single nucleotide polymorphic marker rs352140 are predictors of the risk of developing hyperkeratosis of the oral mucosal.
STUDYING THE FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF SAMPLES OF MULTILAYER DENTAL CERAMICS BASED ON ZIRCONIUM DIOXIDE OF DOMESTIC AND CHINESE PRODUCTION AFTER TRADITIONAL AND HIGH-SPEED SINTERING
Authors: Nenasheva Elizaveta , Bykova Marina , Deev Mikhail , Bykov Denis
Published: August 2024

A study on the strength of samples of multilayer dental ceramics based on zirconium dioxide of domestic and Chinese production with three-point bending is provided. Dentures made of dental ceramics based on zirconium dioxide are sintered in clinical practice using the traditional multi-hour or high-speed method. The traditional sintering mode requires a long time, careful control of temperature, heating speed and guarantees high strength and aesthetics during prosthetics. The high-speed mode sinters dental multilayer ceramics based on zirconium dioxide quickly, efficiently and provides a high-quality connection of all layers in a shorter time, however, it can lead to a higher probability of defects in the structure of the ceramic crown, such as cracks or bubbles between layers in the ceramic material.
Materials and methods. The samples were produced by computer milling and sintered in the traditional 10-hour and high-speed sintering mode in 22 minutes. The obtained results were subjected to statistical processing, including the calculation of the arithmetic mean and the error of the average. The samples of the neck layer showed the greatest strength in three-point bending, but the intermediate layer turned out to be the weakest. According to the results, for Chinese samples, the high-speed sintering mode does not significantly change the strength of ceramic samples in comparison with traditional hours-long firing. The high-speed sintering mode of domestic samples reduces the strength during three-point bending.
Conclusions. The study showed that samples of Chinese multilayer ceramics limit the indications for its use in prosthetics. Russian samples of multilayer dental ceramics based on zirconium dioxide exceed the performance of their foreign counterparts in terms of strength at three-point bending. The presented research is important for the development of effective methods of orthopedic treatment, as well as for optimizing the production process of dental ceramics.
The regulatory roles of Smad2/3 protein and SMURF2 gene expression in granulosa cells of germinal vesicle and metaphase II oocytes in polycystic ovarian syndrome: A case-control study
Authors: Ghorbani Marzieh , Farimani Marzieh Sanoee , Khodadadi Iraj , Mohagheghi Sina , Amiri Iraj , Tayebinia Heidar
Published: August 2024

Background: The impaired functions of granulosa cells (GCs) in the delayed development and immaturity of oocytes have been reported in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOs). Even with ovarian stimulation, a large number of oocytes in these patients are still in the stage germinal vesicle (GV).
Objective: The levels of Smad2/3, phosphorylated Smad2/3 (P-Smad2/3), the expression of SARA, Smad4, and SMURF2 genes in the GCs surrounding metaphase II (MII) or GV oocytes in PCOs women were investigated.
Materials and Methods: GCs of MII and GV oocytes were isolated from 38 women with PCOs and the expression levels of SARA, Smad4, and SMURF2 in surrounding GCs of MII and GV oocytes were determined using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Also, Smad2/3 and P-Smad2/3 proteins were determined using western blotting.
Results: The expression level of SMURF2 was significantly higher in GCs surrounding GV oocytes compared with that of GCs encompassing MII oocytes (p < 0.001). At the same time, no significant differences were observed in SARA and Smad4 expression levels in GCs surrounding GV and MII oocytes. A lower level of P-Smad2/3 was also found in GCs GV oocytes compared with GCs of MII oocytes (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: It seems that P-Smad2/3 plays a role in oocyte development, and the downregulation of this protein is associated with a defect in the maturation of GV oocytes. On the other hand, the upregulation of the SMURF2 gene also affects the growth process of GCs and the maturation of GV oocytes.
Key words: Polycystic ovary, Oocytes, Granulosa cell.
The association of sperm BAX and BCL-2 gene expression with reproductive outcome in Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia cases undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection: A case-control study
Authors: Babaei Fatemeh , Muzaffar Maryam Khoshsokhan , Jannatifar Rahil
Published: August 2024

Background: The B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) protein is one of the members of the BCL-2 associated X (BAX) protein family that acts as an inducer of apoptosis.
Objective: The present study aims to investigate the association between BAX and BCL-2 gene expression with reproductive outcome, in cases undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 50 men were divided into healthy fertile and oligoasthenoteratozoospermic infertile men (n = 25/ each). They were subjected to history taking, clinical examination, and semen analysis. Expression of BAX and BCL-2 genes were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The DNA fragmentation index was measured using the sperm chromatin dispersion assay technique. Using World Health Organization criteria, sperm parameters were evaluated.
Results: Evaluation of apoptosis-related genes showed that oligoasthenoteratozoospermic significantly increased mRNA expression of BAX, and significantly decreased mRNA expression of BCL-2, when compared with control. Moreover, the BAX/BCL-2 ratio was significantly higher in oligoasthenoteratozoospermic compared to the normozoospermic group (p = 0.01). Also, this study showed that the BAX and BCL-2 genes expression had a significant correlation with sperm quality, and DNA fragmentation in the oligoasthenoteratozoospermic group (p = 0.01). The oligoasthenoteratozoospermic men, had a considerably lower proportion of fertilization rate and good-quality embryos at the cleavage stage than the normozoospermic subjects (p = 0.01). A significant correlation was observed between the expression of BAX and BCL-2 genes, fertilization, and embryo quality (p = 0.01).
Conclusion: We concluded that the sperm BAX/BCL-2 ratio demonstrates a significant correlation with fertilization rate and embryo quality.
Key words: BAX, BCL-2, Fertilization, Embryo.
Role of genetic variations and protein expression of β-Microsemino protein in intrauterine insemination outcome of unexplained infertile men: A case-control study
Authors: Bagherian Elham , Jokari Sahar , Boroujeni Parnaz Borjian , Haratian Kaveh , Sabbaghian Marjan , Meybodi Anahita Mohseni
Published: August 2024

Background: Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is often the first-line treatment for unexplained infertility. β-Microsemino protein (MSMB) is an abundant protein in seminal plasma that has an inhibitory effect on spontaneous acrosome reaction.
Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate MSMB gene variations and protein expression on IUI success rate in unexplained infertile men.
Materials and Methods: A case-control study was performed on 100 unexplained infertile Iranian men referred to the Royan Institute, Tehran, Iran for IUI (50 men with IUI positive result [IUI+], and 50 men with IUI negative result [IUI-]). Couples with female infertility factors (such as hormonal disorders, infrequent menstrual period, abnormality in uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries) and men with infections of the male accessory glands, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, clinical varicocele, retractile testis, genital trauma, drug use, or concurrent hormonal treatment Y chromosome microdeletions, and abnormal karyotype were excluded from the study. The polymerase chain reaction sequencing was performed for the promoter and the coding regions of MSMB functional domains. To study the protein expression, the total protein of sperm was extracted, and sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed.
Results: 4 variations were detected (rs12770171, rs10993994, rs2075894, and rs4517463). None of them showed significant differences between the IUI+ and IUI-groups. The mean value of protein expression did not show any differences between the groups.
Conclusion: In conclusion, there is no association between genetic variations of promoter and coding regions of MSMB functional domains as well as its expression with IUI success in unexplained infertile men.
 Key words: MSMB, Beta microseminoprotein, Infertility, Male infertility.
Comparison of the gene expression profiles of endometrial and trophoblastic cells in women with recurrent miscarriage: A bioinformatics approach
Authors: Ahmadi Kambiz , Reiisi Somayeh , Habibi Zahra
Published: August 2024

Background: Recurrent miscarriage (RM) remains unsolved in > 50% of patients and causes physical and psychological problems in women without specific risk factors for miscarriage. For a successful pregnancy, acceptance of the endometrium and invasion of trophoblast cells into the endometrium is necessary.
Objective: This study aimed to use computational analysis to identify key genes and related pathways in endometrial and trophoblast cells derived from RM samples.
Materials and Methods: In this bioinformatics study, we explored the differential expression of genes in endometrial and trophoblast cells by analyzing the GSE165004 and GSE76862 datasets, respectively with the limma package in R software. Subsequently, overlapped genes between 2 datasets were selected, gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were performed. The overlapped genes were integrated to construct a protein-protein interaction network and hub genes selection.
Results: We observed 41 overlapped genes between endometrial and trophoblast cells, and future analysis was accomplished in overlapped and nonoverlapped genes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis indicated that overlapped genes were significantly enriched in the complement and coagulation cascades, pluripotency of stem cells, and synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies. Gene ontology analysis suggested that the genes were enriched in the cell cycle, apoptosis, and cell division. The top 10 genes included: IRS1, FGF2, MAPK6, MAPK1, MAPK3, MAPK8, MAPK9, PLK1, PRKACA, and PRKCA were identified from the PPI network.
Conclusion: This study identified the key genes and potential molecular pathways underlying the development of RM. This could provide novel insights to determine the possible mechanisms and interventional strategies associated with miscarriage.
Key words: Recurrent miscarriage, Transcriptome profile, Gene ontology, Bioinformatics.
Politique monétaire et stabilité macroéconomique dans la Communauté Économique et Monétaire de l’Afrique Centrale
Authors: Tsassa Mbouayila Franck Mondesir , Mouakassa Angèle Prudence Love
Published: August 2024

Objectif : Cet article vise à montrer que la stabilité macroéconomique est assurée par la politique monétaire dans la communauté économique et monétaire de l'Afrique centrale.
Conception/méthodologie/approche : le cadre théorique s’inscrit dans la nouvelle école keynésienne. Empiriquement, le modèle VAR structurel est utilisé sur la période 1980-2019.
Résultats : la stabilité macroéconomique est assurée par la politique monétaire dans la plupart des pays de la CEMAC. Les chocs de demande impactent négativement le PIB au Cameroun, en RCA, au Congo, au Tchad et au Gabon. En revanche, ils impactent positivement la Guinée équatoriale. Les chocs d’offre influencent positivement la RCA, le Congo, le Tchad, le Gabon et la Guinée équatoriale ; tandis qu’au Cameroun ces ont un effet négatif. Cependant, les chocs de politique monétaire ont un impact très significatif au Cameroun, en RCA, au Gabon, en Guinée équatoriale et moins significatif au Congo et au Tchad. De leur côté, les chocs financiers influencent positivement le Congo et le Tchad ; tandis qu’au Cameroun, en RCA et au Gabon ces chocs ont une influence négative. Les chocs de liquidités ont un impact négatif au Congo et au Tchad ; mais au Cameroun, en RCA, au Gabon et en Guinée on enregistre des effets positifs. Nos résultats confirment l’importance d’une politique monétaire stricte comme instrument utile à la stabilisation de la conjoncture.
Originalité/valeur : Son originalité, par rapport à la littérature existante, se situe dans son approche méthodologique et dans la contextualisation de la théorie de la nouvelle économie keynésienne dans le cas d’une union monétaire, dont le niveau d’activité est tributaire du pétrole.
Digitalization as a Tool for Participatory Democracy at the Local Level
Authors: Cherkasov Aleksandr I. ,   Leading Research Scientist of the Department of Human Rights of the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy
Published: August 2024

The article deals with the analysis of digitalization processes that are actively developing at the local level and its role as a tool of participative democracy. By forming new mechanisms of relations between society and the state, digitalization contributes to democratic renewal and overcoming civil apathy and alienation of the state from civil society. Participation becomes the most important principle of local politics, aimed at improving the quality and conditions of life. Сonsultations with the population as well as various civic forums, where issues important to local community are discussed, are held via the Internet. Participatory budgeting, carried out with the help of modern information and communication technologies, is becoming increasingly popular. The development of digitalization, however, should not close traditional channels of civic participation. The digital component of local democracy is not so much a replacement as an addition to the existing mechanisms of participatory democracy, many forms of which continue to take place offline.
Free Legal Assistance in the Russian Federation: The System, Subjects, and Financing. Part 1
Authors: Novopashina Ulyana S. ,   Lecturer of the Law Faculty of the Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: August 2024

The article deals with topical issues related to the state and non-state systems of providing citizens with free legal aid. The author emphasizes the importance of social support for certain segments of the population, provided in the form of ensuring the availability of legal services. The article points out that the Institute of Free legal aid is an interdisciplinary institute. However, to date, this legal institution has not been adequately regulated by legislation. According to the author, it is necessary to structure the system of providing free legal aid, systematize its types and scope, the powers of the entities providing such assistance, as well as resolve issues of state participation in providing such assistance, quality control of such assistance. These changes and additions, according to the author, will contribute not only to the optimization of current legislation, but also to the improvement of the provision of free legal assistance.
Current Problems of Parliamentary Control
Authors: Nagibina Anastasia M. ,   Lawyer
Published: August 2024

The article examines the current problems of parliamentary control in the Russian Federation. It is determined that the absence of the concept of "parliamentary control" at the legislative level, as well as the absence of any form of parliamentary control in the Constitution of the Russian Federation, requires regulation. The ideas of prominent constitutional scholars on the subject of parliamentary control are presented for analysis.
Manifestation of Emotional Intelligence of Penal System Employees
Authors: Zautorova Elvira V. ,   Professor of the VILE of the FPS of Russia, Leading Research Scientist of Research Center No. 2
Published: August 2024

In recent years, there has been a growing scientific interest in the study of emotional intelligence as a competence that allows you to effectively assess and manage both your own emotions and other people, regulate social interaction and emotional behavior of others, which is important in the professional activity of an employee of the penal system. The article shows the results of the study of the peculiarities of the manifestation of emotional intelligence in prison system employees with different service life.
Principles of Penal Laws of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Armenia (a Comparative Law Analysis)
Authors: Ilyukhina Vera A. ,   Associate Professor of the Department of Theory of State and Law
Published: August 2024

From the position of a positivist legal understanding, the article conducts a comparative analysis of the principles of the criminal executive legislation of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Armenia, enshrined in the Criminal Executive Code of the Russian Federation and the Criminal Executive Code of the Republic of Armenia. Recommendations for improving the current Russian legislation are formulated.
Impacto e implicaciones de los informes especiales 301 para el régimen de propiedad intelectual de Costa Rica
Authors: Lawrence Kenzie , Morera Víquez Néstor
Published: August 2024

En 2020, el Representante de Comercio de Estados Unidos (USTR) eliminó a Costa Rica de su Lista de Observación Especial 301. El país trabajó diligentemente para mejorar su régimen de propiedad intelectual (PI) con el fin de lograr este objetivo. Este artículo analiza el impacto que ha tenido la eliminación de Costa Rica de la Lista de Observación en 2020, el rol de la propiedad intelectual dentro del sistema de atracción de inversión extranjera directa (IED) local, así como los criterios que han motivado al USTR a listar o remover al país del Informe Especial 301. Así mismo, examina el estado actual de la propiedad intelectual en Costa Rica y ofrece sugerencias para que el país pueda seguir avanzando.