bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantification of leachate discharged to groundwater using the water balance method and the Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP) model
Authors: Alslaibi Tamer M , Abustan Ismail , Mogheir Yunes K , Afifi Samir
Published: November 2012

Landfills are a source of groundwater pollution in Gaza Strip. This study focused on Deir Al Balah landfill, which is a unique sanitary landfill site in Gaza Strip (i.e. it has a lining system and a leachate recirculation system). The objective of this article is to assess the generated leachate quantity and percolation to the groundwater aquifer at a specific site, using the approaches of (i) the Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance model (HELP) and (ii) the water balance method (WBM). The results show that when using the HELP model, the average volume of leachate discharged from Deir Al Balah landfill during the period 1997 to 2007 was around, 6800 m3/year. Meanwhile, the average volume of leachate percolated through the clay layer was 550 m3/year, which represents around 8% of the generated leachate. Meanwhile, the WBM indicated that the average volume of leachate discharged from Deir Al Balah landfill during the same period was around 7660 m3/year—about half of which comes from the moisture content of the waste, while the remainder comes from the infiltration of precipitation and re-circulated leachate. Therefore, the estimated quantity of leachate to groundwater by these two methods was very close. However, compared with the measured leachate quantity, these results were overestimated and indicated a dangerous threat to the groundwater aquifer, as there was no separation between municipal, hazardous and industrial wastes, in the area.
Modied AOR iterative methods to solve linear systems
Authors: Dehghan Mehdi , Hajarian Masoud
Published: November 2012

Solving the linear system Ax =  b is an active area of research in engineering. Many researchers have applied preconditioners to the linear system Ax =  b. In this work, we introduce two new preconditioners for solving linear systems. The best property of the introduced preconditioners is that they can be used under weaker conditions than the previous preconditioners in the literature. We propose preconditioned associated accelerated overrelaxation (AOR) iterative methods with these two new preconditioners, and give the corresponding convergence results. Numerical examples show an improvement in the convergence rate of the AOR preconditioned iterative matrices.
Contact stress and rolling contact fatigue of indented contacts: Part I, numerical analysis
Authors: Biboulet N , Houpert L , Lubrecht AA
Published: November 2012

Based on previous studies concerning pressure perturbations due to indents in dry and elastohydrodynamic lubrication contacts, this article presents the indented contact stress distribution and risk integral calculations. Different stress criteria are discussed and an equation predicting the risk integral is proposed.
Wave run-up on columns of deepwater platforms
Authors: Thiagarajan Krish P , Repalle Nitin
Published: November 2012

Structural design of novel deepwater platforms is an outcome of innovation and optimization. Structures such as the extended Tension Leg Platform have columns of rectangular cross section, while platforms like spars are circular. An important operational requirement of these platforms is to have restricted heave motion to support vertical rigid risers. An unfortunate consequence of this requirement is the so-called breakwater effect, which results in significant wave run-up on the structure. In high sea states, considerable water could run up along the columns hitting the underside of horizontal deck. Estimating wave run-up on offshore structures is an essential part of deciding the minimum air-gap requirements of such structures. This article examines the run-up on circular and square cylinders using experimental and numerical methods. Experiments were performed in a wave tank on scaled models of prototype circular and square columns. Numerical simulations were conducted using the commercial software FLUENT. It was found that that the results for wave run-up from simulations and experiments were in good agreement and were consistently greater than linear diffraction theory. Numerical comparison between circular and square cylinders showed that the run-up was higher for square geometry for all conditions simulated. This increase was higher in steeper waves due to various nonlinearities in the flow around the structure. An attempt has been made to understand the various nonlinearities in the run-up profile using numerical flow visualization.
Endoscopic spray cryotherapy for genitourinary malignancies: safety and efficacy in a porcine model
Authors: Power Nicholas E. , Silberstein Jonathan L. , Tarin Tatum , Au Joyce , Thorner Daniel , Ezell Paula , Monette Sébastien , Fong Yuman , Rusch Valerie , Finley David , Coleman Jonathan A.
Published: November 2012

Objective:

To examine the effects and safety of using endoscopic spray cryotherapy (ESC) on bladder, ureteral, and renal pelvis urothelium in a live porcine model.

Subjects and methods:

ESC treatments were systematically applied to urothelial sites in the bladder, ureter, and renal pelvis of eight female Yorkshire swine in a prospective trial. Freeze–thaw cycles ranged from 5 to 60 s/cycle for one to six cycles using a 7 French cryotherapy catheter. Tissue was evaluated histologically for treatment-related effects. Acute physiologic effects were evaluated with pulse oximetry, Doppler sonography, and postmortem findings.

Results:

In bladder, treatment depth was inconsistent regardless of dose, demonstrating urothelial necrosis in one, muscularis propria depth necrosis in two, and full thickness necrosis in all remaining samples. In ureter, full thickness necrosis was seen in all samples, even with the shortest spray duration (5 s/cycle for six cycles or 30 s/cycle for one cycle). Treatment to the renal pelvis was complicated by adiabatic gas expansion of liquid nitrogen to its gaseous state, resulting in high intraluminal pressures requiring venting to avoid organ perforation, even at the lowest treatment settings. At a planned dose of 5 s/cycle for six cycles of the first renal pelvis animal, treatment was interrupted by sudden and unrecoverable cardiopulmonary failure after three cycles. Repeated studies replicated this event. Ultrasound and immediate necropsy confirmed the creation of a large gaseous embolism and reproducible cardiopulmonary effects.

Conclusion:

ESC in a porcine urothelial treatment model results in full-thickness tissue necrosis in bladder, ureter, and renal pelvis at a minimal treatment settings of 5 s/cycle for six cycles. Adiabatic gas expansion may result in fatal pyelovenous gas embolism and collateral organ injury, as seen in both animals receiving treatment to the renal pelvis in this study. These results raise safety concerns for use of ESC as a treatment modality in urothelial tissues with current device settings.
The Effect of Physical Activity on the Stress Management, Interpersonal Relationships, and Alcohol Consumption of College Freshmen
Authors: Wilson-Salandy Simone , Nies Mary A.
Published: November 2012

The aim of this study was to assess the changes of health behaviors in college students as they transition through their freshman year. The author surveyed 167 freshmen, ages 18 to 25, to examine the effects of physical activity on the stress management, interpersonal relationships, and alcohol consumption in college freshmen. The participant’s responses were at baseline to 3-month outcome and 3-month to 6-month outcome. The Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II questionnaire and the Daily Drinking Questionnaire examined the health behaviors and drinking consumption. Students with moderate physical activity had nearly half the odds of better stress management as compared with students with higher physical activity. However, this result was not statistically significant, OR = 0.49, 95% CI = [0.24, 1.01], and OR = 0.52, 95% CI = [0.25, 1.29]. Few studies have evaluated physical activity and the health behaviors of stress management, interpersonal relationships, and alcohol consumption in college students. This study can provide further understanding of health promotion behaviors in college students.
The Development and Testing of the Codependency-Overeating Model in Undergraduate Social Science Students in a Mississippi College
Authors: Bynum Denise , Boss Barbara J. , Schoenhofer Savina , Martsolf Donna
Published: November 2012

Overeating is a common eating disorder and often leads to obesity and to significant physical, emotional, and social problems often warranting nursing care. Codependency has expanded beyond the chemical dependency field and describes the dysfunctional pattern of behavior of an individual in a relationship with another person or from survival in a dysfunctional family of origin. The psychological and behavioral factors surrounding overeating are noted frequently in the literature but are not emphasized in most overeating treatment programs. Anxiety, depression, anger, and compulsivity are the psychological problems often linked with overeating and codependency. The purpose of this study was to test the Codependency-Overeating Model (COM) by examining the relationship between overeating and codependency, anxiety, depression, anger, and compulsivity. The variables were measured with the Overeating Questionnaire, Codependency Assessment Tool, and Symptom Checklist-90-R. This study used a model-testing correlational design with 567 students recruited from a Mississippi community college. Pearson’s product–moment correlations noted weak correlations between age and anxiety ( r = .12), age and depression ( r = .20), age and compulsivity ( r = .20), codependency and anxiety ( r = .12), and codependency and anger ( r = .16). No significant correlations were noted between overeating and codependency, anxiety, depression, anger, or compulsivity. Although the predictive relationships were not verified in the model, several important ways to minimize limitations in future studies were identified. The development and testing of the COM was the beginning step in pursuing a solid understanding of overeating and codependency and a catalyst for worthwhile future research.
Neighborhood and Friendship Composition in Adolescence
Authors: Edling Christofer , Rydgren Jens
Published: November 2012

The social surroundings in which an individual grows up and spends his or her everyday life have an effect on his or her life chances. Much of the research into this phenomenon focuses on so-called neighborhood effects and has put particular emphasis on the negative effects of growing up in a poor neighborhood. Originating from the sociological study of inner-city problems in the United States, the research has recently been embraced by Scandinavian social scientists, who have generally assessed the phenomenon with reference to social network effects and the lock-in effects of ethnic enclaves. We critique the theoretical assumptions that we find in recent Scandinavian research and argue that a straightforward interpretation of neighborhood effects in terms of network effects is problematic. Our argument is based on an empirical analysis of friendship circles of ninth graders in Stockholm ( N = 240). We conclude that the friendship networks of ninth graders extend well beyond the neighborhood, thus casting serious doubt on the network effects assumption of previous research. We also conclude that there is nothing in the reality of these ninth graders that confirms the established concept of the ethnic enclave.
Development of high strength stainless steel brazed joints using rapidly solidified filler alloys
Authors: Roy R K , Bapari H , Panda A K , Mitra A
Published: November 2012

Two types of rapidly solidified filler alloys of nominal composition Cu–40Mn–10Ni (C50) and Ni–7Cr–3·2B–4·5Si–3Fe (N82) were used for stainless steel (SS304) brazing joints. The C50 foil is crystalline in nature, whereas N82 foil shows amorphous structure. The SS304/C50/SS304 joint shows solid solution phases at interfacial area, with maximum bond strength of 500 MPa, which qualifies to 80% of base metal strength. Conversely, the SS304/N82/SS304 joint develops brittle CrxBy intermetallic phases, which lowers bond strength to 330 MPa.
Fixed point theorems for a generalized almost "Equation missing"-contraction with respect to S in ordered metric spaces
Authors: Sintunavarat Wutiphol , Kim Jong Kyu , Kumam Poom
Published: November 2012

In this paper, the existence theorems of fixed points and common fixed points for two weakly increasing mappings satisfying a new condition in ordered metric spaces are proved. Our results extend, generalize and unify most of the fundamental metrical fixed point theorems in the literature.

MSC:47H09, 47H10.
Multiple long-term, experimentally-evolved populations of Escherichia coliacquire dependence upon citrate as an iron chelator for optimal growth on glucose
Authors: Leiby Nicholas , Harcombe William R , Marx Christopher J
Published: November 2012

Background

Specialization for ecological niches is a balance of evolutionary adaptation and its accompanying tradeoffs. Here we focus on the Lenski Long-Term Evolution Experiment, which has maintained cultures of Escherichia coli in the same defined seasonal environment for 50,000 generations. Over this time, much adaptation and specialization to the environment has occurred. The presence of citrate in the growth media selected one lineage to gain the novel ability to utilize citrate as a carbon source after 31,000 generations. Here we test whether other strains have specialized to rely on citrate after 50,000 generations.

Results

We show that in addition to the citrate-catabolizing strain, three other lineages evolving in parallel have acquired a dependence on citrate for optimal growth on glucose. None of these strains were stimulated indirectly by the sodium present in disodium citrate, nor exhibited even partial utilization of citrate as a carbon source. Instead, all three of these citrate-stimulated populations appear to rely on it as a chelator of iron.

Conclusions

The strains we examine here have evolved specialization to their environment through apparent loss of function. Our results are most consistent with the accumulation of mutations in iron transport genes that were obviated by abundant citrate. The results present another example where a subtle decision in the design of an evolution experiment led to unexpected evolutionary outcomes.
Intraoperative portable ultrasonography localization of clinically impalpable soft-tissue tumors
Authors: Jagadeesan Jagajeevan , Davies Jonathan A , Raurell Anna , Ashford Robert U
Published: November 2012

Background

Most soft-tissue tumors are clinically palpable; however, some can be impalpable to clinical examination making it difficult to plan surgical management.

Methods

We present a simple method of perioperative tumor localization using a portable ultrasonography machine.

Results

We used the technique for seven cases, on each occasion identifying the tumor and facilitating the optimal surgical approach.

Conclusion

The technique is reproducible and readily available, and we recommend its use.
g-B3N3C: a novel two-dimensional graphite-like material
Authors: Li Jinyun , Gao Daqiang , Niu Xiaoning , Si Mingsu , Xue Desheng
Published: November 2012

A novel crystalline structure of hybrid monolayer hexagonal boron nitride (BN) and graphene is predicted by means of the first-principles calculations. This material can be derived via boron or nitrogen atoms which are substituted by carbon atoms evenly in the graphitic BN with vacancies. The corresponding structure is constructed from a BN hexagonal ring linking an additional carbon atom. The unit cell is composed of seven atoms, three of which are boron atoms, three are nitrogen atoms, and one is a carbon atom. It shows a similar space structure as graphene, which is thus coined as g-B3N3C. Two stable topological types associated with the carbon bond formation, i.e., C-N or C-B bonds, are identified. Interestingly, distinct ground states of each type, depending on C-N or C-B bonds, and electronic bandgap as well as magnetic properties within this material have been studied systematically. Our work demonstrates a practical and efficient access to electronic properties of two-dimensional nanostructures, providing an approach to tackling open fundamental questions in bandgap-engineered devices and spintronics.
Modified ψ-contractive mappings in ordered metric spaces and applications
Authors: Nashine Hemant Kumar , Golubović Zoran , Kadelburg Zoran
Published: November 2012

We set up two new variants of ψ-contractive mappings designed for two and three maps in metric spaces and originate common fixed point theorems for

T

-strictly weakly isotone increasing mappings and relatively weakly increasing mappings in complete ordered metric spaces. To demonstrate our results, we give some examples throughout the paper. At the same time, as applications of the presented theorems, we get hold of common fixed point results for generalized contractions of integral type and we prove an existence theorem for solutions of a system of integral equations.

MSC:47H10, 45F05.
Linear quantification of lymphoid infiltration of the tumor margin: a reproducible method, developed with colorectal cancer tissues, for assessing a highly variable prognostic factor
Authors: Allard Marc-Antoine , Bachet Jean Baptiste , Beauchet Alain , Julie Catherine , Malafosse Robert , Penna Christophe , Nordlinger Bernard , Emile Jean-François
Published: November 2012

Background

Lymphoid infiltration is a prognostic marker in solid tumors, such as colorectal, breast and lung carcinomas. However, lymphoid infiltration is heterogeneous and the reproducibility of quantification based on single counts within a tumor is very low. We aimed to develop a reproducible method for evaluating lymphoid infiltration in tumors.

Methods

Virtual slides were obtained from tissue sections from the localized colorectal carcinomas of 117 patients, stained for CD3 and CD45R0. We assessed the variation of lymphoid cell density by automatic counts in 1 mm-wide, 5 μm-long segments of the invasive front, along an axis 4 mm in length running perpendicular to the invasive front of the tumor.

Results

We plotted curves of the variation of lymphocyte density across the tumor front. Three distinct patterns emerged from this linear quantification of lymphocyte (LQLI). In pattern 1, there was a high density of lymphocytes within the tumor. In pattern 2, lymphocyte density peaked close to the invasive margin. In pattern 3, lymphocytes were diffusely distributed, at low density. It was possible to classify all the tumors studied, and interobserver reproducibility was excellent (kappa =0.9). By contrast, single counts of CD3+ cells on tissue microarrays were highly variable for a given LQLI pattern, confirming the heterogeneity of lymphoid infiltration within individual tumors. In univariate analysis, all pathologic features (stage, metastatic lymph node ratio (LNR), vascular embolism, perineural invasion), CD3+ cell density, LQLI patterns for CD3+ and CD45R0+ cells) were found to have a significant effect on disease-free survival (DFS). In multivariate analysis, only the LQLI pattern for CD3+ cells (HR: 6.02; 95% CI: 2.74-13.18) and metastatic lymph node ratio (HR: 6.14; 95% CI: 2.32-16.2) were associated with DFS.

Conclusion

LQLI is an automated, reproducible method for the assessment of lymphoid infiltration. However, validation of its prognostic value in larger series is required before its introduction into routine practice for prognostic evaluation in patients with colorectal carcinomas.

Virtual slides

The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here:http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/9861460717895880
Video-assisted thoracoscopic left lower lobectomy in a patient with lung cancer and a right aortic arch
Authors: Wada Hideyuki , Hida Yasuhiro , Kaga Kichizo , Hase Ryunosuke , Ohtaka Kazuto , Muto Jun , Nakada-Kubota Reiko , Hirano Satoshi , Matsui Yoshiro
Published: November 2012

A right aortic arch is a rare congenital anomaly, with a reported incidence of around 0.1%. A patient with a right aortic arch underwent video-assisted thoracic surgery left lower lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection for squamous cell carcinoma. There was no aortic arch or descending aorta in the left thoracic cavity, but the esophagus. There was no anomaly in the location or branching of the pulmonary vessels, the bronchi, and the lobulation of the lungs. The vagus nerve was found at the level of the left pulmonary artery. The arterial ligament was found between the left subclavian artery and the left pulmonary artery. The recurrent laryngeal nerve was recurrent around the left subclavian artery. A Kommerell diverticulum was found at the origin of the left subclavian artery. The patient experienced no complications. We conclude that video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy with mediastinal dissection is feasible for treating lung cancer with a right aortic arch.
Intra-medullary tuberculoma of the spinal cord presenting with typhoid and paraplegia: a case report
Authors: Bashir Sanaullah , Memon Akhtar Amin , Sanaullah Maryam , Hasan Yasmeen
Published: November 2012

Introduction

Intra-medullary spinal tuberculoma is a rare form of tuberculosis, with an incidence of only two in 100,000 patients with tuberculosis. We present a case of intra-medullary tuberculoma from Pakistan, which was diagnosed by radiological findings and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid using polymerase chain reaction testing.

Case presentation

We present the case of a 28-year-old Sindhi male with intra-medullary tuberculoma of the spinal cord at the C3 level. Our patient was treated solely with anti-tubercular drug therapy with no surgical intervention.

Conclusions

We discuss the possible clinical management of such rare cases, considering both chemotherapeutic and surgical options. Additionally, diagnostic procedures and findings are discussed; we suggest cerebrospinal fluid analysis via polymerase chain reaction and gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid magnetic resonance imaging as important chemical and radiological tests to be performed in such cases.
Effect of different sizes of balls on crystalline size, strain, and atomic diffusion on Cu-Fe nanocrystals produced by mechanical alloying
Authors: Reza Vaezi Mohammad , Ghassemi Seyed Hesam Mir Shah , Shokuhfar Ali
Published: November 2012

Effects of ball diameter on the crystalline size, induced strain, and atomic diffusion in Cu-50%Fe immiscible alloy system have been investigated. Milling parameters affect atomic diffusion in binary or ternary systems separately. The aim of this research work is to prove the fact that ball diameter is an important parameter. It is shown that different diameters can change milling power, and consequently, the final crystalline size and atomic diffusion can alter. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze the effect of ball diameter. It is shown that the strain increases from 0.0025 to 0.0052, while the crystalline size decreases to 18 nm.
Response by Craig Ferris to the reply by the authors
Authors: Ferris Craig
Published: November 2012

I have shown the authors’ reply to two of my Potential Field colleagues (25 years and 50 years experience, respectively). The three of us consider the author’s reply as inadequate and a Brush Off.
Borehole damage indicator from stress-induced velocity variations
Authors: Winkler Kenneth W.
Published: November 2012

I develop a simple technique to indicate the onset of stress-induced mechanical damage near a wellbore. Stress concentrations near a wellbore can cause the yield strength of the rock to be exceeded. The resulting mechanical damage causes a decrease in acoustic velocity that precedes the development of breakouts. With laboratory experiments on stressed boreholes, I show that high-resolution, shallow acoustic measurements made inside the borehole can detect these stress-induced velocity changes. The onset of damage can be predicted by comparing these shallow measurements to a deep velocity measurement in undamaged rock. When the maximum shallow velocity is decreased by damage and approaches the deep velocity, I infer that damage has occurred and breakouts and/or borehole failure are imminent. If implemented in the oilfield, this technique could form the basis for a real-time damage warning for drillers that allows for preventive action.
This issue of GEOPHYSICS
Authors: Sun Yonghe
Published: November 2012

In this article, the Editor of Geophysics provides an overview of all technical articles in this issue of the journal.
This issue of Geophysics
Authors: Grechka Vladimir
Published: November 2012

In this article, the Editor of Geophysics provides an overview of all technical articles in this issue of the journal.
This issue of Geophysics
Authors: Nemeth Tamas
Published: November 2012

In this article, the Editor of Geophysics provides an overview of all technical articles in this issue of the journal.
What does SEG do for its members?
Authors: Cheng Arthur
Published: November 2012

SEG's membership has grown dramatically over the past few years, to over 34,000 at this writing. More importantly, it has grown in two distinct segments: international members and student members. Over 60% of our members are based outside North America, and we have over 8000 student members. Consequently, we need to constantly re-examine our mission and see how best to serve member needs. Many members think of SEG as mainly the publisher of Geophysics and TLE, and organizer of the Annual Meeting. Some know that SEG also publishes books, has continuing education courses, and holds periodic workshops. In reality, SEG does quite a bit more, and much of it focuses on students and international members. I shall discuss some of these initiatives.
Reviews
Authors: Green William R. , Bartel David , Liu Lanbo , Brittan John
Published: November 2012

Over the Coasts—An Aerial View of Geology, by M. Collier, ISBN 978-1931414425, Mikaya Press, 2009, 120 pp, US $34.95. Seismic Interferometry, by Gerard T. Schuster, ISBN 978-0-521-87124-2, Cambridge, 2009, 260 pp. Introduction to Seismology (Second Edition), by Peter M. Shearer, ISBN 978-0-521-88210-1 (hardback), Cambridge, 2009, 396 pp, US $70 (paperback), $140.00 (hardback).
What do SEG members do for their Society?
Authors: Shaughnessy Anna
Published: November 2012

As you most likely know, SEG is a not-for-profit organization guided by its members and operated by the Tulsa-based staff under the direction of Executive Director Mary Fleming. In contrast to the President's Page in the January issue titled “What does SEG do for its members?”, I will acknowledge the volunteers who work for SEG.
Honorary Lecturers benefit members globally
Authors: Pangman Peter
Published: November 2012

“This was one of the best lectures! The lecturer presented the subject in a friendly way. He gave an interesting, clear interdisciplinary speech. I appreciate that the link between seismic and borehole geophysics was shown clearly. Students had an opportunity to ask questions whenever they did not understand something We could better understand the properties that are important in analyzing the data to get the information about rock physics …”—Monika Wilk of AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
SEG's financial stewardship
Authors: Shaughnessy Anna C.
Published: November 2012

As your Secretary-treasurer, I would like to update you on the financial status of your Society and what this year's Executive Committee has worked on in an effort to continue to improve the financial strength and stewardship of SEG. It is no surprise that the current Executive Committee has spent a great deal of time and energy on finances as the budget forecast for the 2009/2010 fiscal year was projected to have a deficit of US $1 million. This number does not include any unrealized gains or losses from our investments. While we historically have enjoyed a significant gain from our investments, the last two years made it acutely clear that this is not a reliable source of income. Gains from investments, when available, can be used for growth opportunities but are not assumed to cover our normal operating costs.
What your Executive committee is up to
Authors: Greghka Vladimir
Published: November 2012

Dear Fellow Geophysicist: You probably know that the President's Page is the only place where the SEG Executive Committee shares its observations, decisions, and actions with the membership at large. Here I would like to draw your attention to a number of atypical issues the Executive Committee tackled during its last meeting and update you on SEG activities in Brazil.
The GAC's 2010 midyear meeting
Authors: Gochioco Lawrence
Published: November 2012

The annual midyear meeting of the Global Affairs Committee was held in The Woodlands, USA, on 11 March 2010. The meeting was organized by GAC Chairman Hermes Malcotti, Vice Chairman Sue Webb, Alfred Liaw, and Pam Terekhova. Some country representatives and regional coordinators participated via conference calls and some local members floated in and out. The current GAC theme is “Think globally, act locally.” In 2009, SEG lost a major corporate sponsor of global membership. As a result, the SEG Foundation (SEGF) was invited to present ideas on how to solve this financial gap. Thanks to SEG President Steve Hill and Gary Servos, who represented SEGF at the meeting, for attending and listening to the challenges facing us.
The role of technical sections within SEG
Authors: Bradford John H.
Published: November 2012

The SEG Constitution states in Article II that “the objectives of this Society shall be to promote the science of geophysics, especially as it relates to exploration and research, to foster the common scientific interests of geophysicists, and to maintain a high professional standing among its members.” One mechanism for accomplishing SEG's primary objective is through the development and promotion of technical sections. A technical section is defined as a formally organized group sharing a common interest in subdiscipline or a specific area of interest within applied geophysics. Currently, the formation of technical sections is allowed by the SEG Constitution and Bylaws. Article IX, Section 1, of the Bylaws states “upon petition of 20 Active Members of the Society in good standing residing within appropriate distance of a central point or sharing a common interest or problem, the Council may authorize the formation of a Section or Associated Society.” In this construct, technical sections are treated as equivalent to geographic sections or affiliated societies. This structure fails to recognize the unique role of technical sections in meeting the objectives of the Society and the fundamental differences between a technically oriented and a geographically oriented group.
Romanian Student Chapter Premieres SEG/AAPG/EAGE International Student Conference
Authors: Iacob Cezar
Published: November 2012

Two years ago, students from the Bucharest Student Chapter (BSC), a student association affiliated with the University of Bucharest, laid the groundwork for the 1st International Geosciences Student Conference (IGSC) in Bucharest, Romania. The goal for this first international student-based event was to give qualified students the opportunity to interact with industry professionals and participate in various networking and career-building activities. This event was student-envisioned, constructed, and implemented! IGSC was cosponsored by SEG, AAPG, EAGE, the Romanian Society of Geophysics (RSG), and the Romanian Geological Society (RGS).
SEG hires new executive director
Authors: Hill Steve
Published: November 2012

The Executive Committee (ExCom), after an extensive search process that lasted more than half a year, selected Steven H. Davis as SEG's executive director. He officially joined SEG on 1 August 2010 as the successor to Mary Fleming who retired 30 June after serving since 2002. Davis has spent his entire career with professional, science-based associations. Most recently, he was executive director of the American Industrial Hygiene Association in Fairfax, Virginia. He had been on the AIHA staff since 1998, as deputy executive director and executive director. He had previously been executive director of the American Horticultural Therapy Association in Gaithersburg, Maryland, and was the director of horticulture with that organization and with the American Horticultural Society of Mt. Vernon, Virginia. Davis earned bachelor's (1974) and master's (1976) degrees in biology from Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia.
Student Education Program supports career choices
Authors: Chinsethagid Candice
Published: November 2012

Thanks to the continued support of ExxonMobil, the second year of the SEG/ExxonMobil Student Education Program (SEP) has been a huge success. The SEP was held in two locations this past year: Houston (USA) and St. Petersburg (Russia). A third location is scheduled for Bucharest (Romania) 3–5 September 2010. In the North American and Russian courses, 55 students representing 34 universities from 7 countries participated. SEG Foundation travel grants (airfare, accommodations for the SEP course and a related professional meeting, and local expenses) were provided to 38 students.
Imaging our future in Denver
Authors: Clark Dean
Published: November 2012

As this issue of TLE heads to press, about six weeks before opening day, all standard measurements indicate another supremely successful SEG convention will take place in Denver on 17–22 October 2010 under its official nomenclature, the International Exposition and 80th Annual Meeting. Figures supplied by Steve Emery, senior manager of SEG's Meetings Department, in several key categories were striking, particularly in comparison with the 2009 event in Houston, the hub of the geophysical industry where such numbers are always at the maximum of the standard deviation.
Trustee Associates give back to geophysics
Authors: Forrest Mike
Published: November 2012

Some of you may remember my article about SEG Foundation Trustee Associates in the September 2009 issue of TLE. In that article I wrote, “Over the past 20 years, the Trustee Associates (TA) have cumulatively contributed more than US $5.7 million to the SEG Foundation. They have taken the lead in establishing the many programs the Foundation offers the geophysical community. The TAs are dedicated to the growth of our industry and our profession. Would you like to join them in this effort?”
Reflecting readers' thoughts in letters to the editors
Authors: Hill Steve , Reilly Joe , Lawyer Lee , Rowbotham Peter , Hardman Elwood
Published: November 2012

Signals are letters to the editor submitted by readers of The Leading Edge.
Mentoring global innovation in San Jose: The 2010 ISEF
Authors: Nolen-Hoeksema Richard
Published: November 2012

The theme for the 2010 International Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF) was “Mentoring global innovation.” This year, Agilent Technologies introduced the Agilent Teacher Awards for teachers of ISEF finalists to support their professional development in the sciences, further their mentoring, and support students in independent research. The first awards went to four teachers who mentored projects in the categories Cellular and Molecular Biology, Computer Science, Earth Sciences, and Electrical and Mechanical Engineering.
Increasing SEG's presence in Europe
Authors: Koster Klaas
Published: November 2012

As is to be expected from someone who lives and works in Europe, I would like SEG to have a more significant presence in this part of the world. It turns out that I'm not the only one with that desire; many of you who also reside in Europe have been open and straightforward in communicating your desire to continue to grow as geophysicists using the products that SEG delivers. With that in mind, we as a Society have undertaken an in-depth look at what is provided to our European members and have concluded that SEG is underserving this vital, vibrant constituency.
SEG 2010 Awards Citations
Authors: Beasley Craig , Lovell John , Burns Dan , Cheng Arthur , Lynn Walt , Larner Ken , Fleming Mary , Amundsen Lasse , Landrø Martin , Nemeth Tamas , Fokkema Jacob , Armstrong Judy , Bleistein Norm , Treitel Sven , Stolt Robert H. , Brown Frank , Corbin Robert , Larner Ken , Wegner Robert , Faria Eduardo , Cheng Arthur , Pangman Peter , Wapenaar Kees , Sava Paul
Published: November 2012

Maurice Ewing Medal for Anthony R. Barringer

Maurice Ewing Medal for M. Nafi Toksöz

Honorary Membership for Michael S. Bahorich

Honorary Membership for Walter S. Lynn

Honorary Membership for Bjørn Ursin

Virgil Kauffman Gold Medal to Gerard Thomas Schuster

Virgil Kauffman Gold Medal to Kees Wapenaar

Reginald Fessenden Award to Samuel Gray

Reginald Fessenden Award to Arthur Benjamin Weglein

Life Membership for Bradley A. Birkelo

Life Membership for Steve Danbom

Life Membership for Mary L. Fleming

Life Membership for John R. Sumner

Distinguished Achievement Award for The Brazilian Geophysical Society

Distinguished Achievement Award for Amoco Research Center

J. Clarence Karcher Award for Deyan Draganov

J. Clarence Karcher Award for Jeffrey Shragge
SEG Foundation celebrates supporters in Denver
Authors: Young Brian K.
Published: November 2012

Denver transformed into the worldwide hub of geophysical expertise in October, during the 80th SEG Annual Meeting and International Exposition. More than 7000 people converged in the mile-high city for the world's largest geophysical tradeshow. Among them were hundreds of SEG Foundation supporters—donors and volunteers alike. Their enthusiasm for our chosen profession was palpable as they gathered for the SEG Foundation's annual luncheon in the Colorado Convention Center on Monday, 18 October 2010.
Reviews
Authors: Bartel David
Published: November 2012

Geomorphology and Global Environmental Change, edited by O. Slaymaker, T. Spencer, and C. Embleton-Hamann, ISBN 978-0-521-87812-9, Cambridge, 2009, 434 pp., US $80
Should SEG be a typical nonprofit organization?
Authors: Hardage Bob
Published: November 2012

SEG is a nonprofit organization. As executive committees (EC) have wrestled with the challenges of optimizing SEG governance over the past three years, one approach to designing an appropriate governance structure has been to analyze how other U.S.-based nonprofit organizations are governed. The thinking of those who favor a thorough examination of the governance structure of U.S. nonprofits and who want to use that information in designing a new SEG governance is that SEG should not appear to the U.S. Internal Revenue Service as being significantly different from a typical U.S. nonprofit organization. If there is a nonprofit governance structure that works effectively for other U.S. nonprofits and is also acceptable to the Internal Revenue Service, it seems advisable to many EC members to move SEG governance toward that used by successful U.S. nonprofit groups. SEG has nothing to hide if the U.S. Internal Revenue Service asks for an audit of SEG finances, but why should SEG be a strong outlier from the way other U.S. nonprofits are organized and draw attention to itself?
SEG's 2011 Membership Compensation Survey
Authors: Clark Dean
Published: November 2012

SEG members, in 15 employment categories, had an average total compensation of US $181,542 according to the Membership Compensation Survey conducted by the University of Oklahoma Public Opinion Learning Laboratory from 6 September to 28 October 2011 (Table 1). This article summarizes some results and reprints nine tables from the complete report, which was submitted on 30 November 2011. The complete report is available exclusively to SEG Corporate Members.
Outstanding Reviewers
Authors: Nemeth Tamas
Published: November 2012

Last year more than 500 manuscripts were submitted to Geophysics. This high volume of submissions is a continued sign of trust and we are striving to earn and extend it by providing a fair peer-review process, further expanding our capabilities into the digital domain. Reviewers and editors work hard to accomplish these goals. Below we recognize the contributions of Geophysics reviewers whose dedication and expertise make the success of our journal a reality.
Sections/Associated Societies Focus
Authors: Chaves Ana Cristina
Published: November 2012

The Brazilian Geophysical Society (SBGf), the major professional society dedicated to the Brazilian geophysical community, has 1635 active members. This number includes professionals and students and covers the entire range of geophysical applications, from oil and gas to mining, environmental and engineering studies, and even space geophysics.
Reviews
Authors: Bartel David C. , Stockwell John
Published: November 2012

Deepwater Petroleum Exploration and Production: A Nontechnical Guide, 2nd ed., by W. L. Leffler, R. Pattarozzi, and G. Sterling, ISBN 978-1-59370-253-3, PennWell, 2011, 350 pp., US $79. Digging Snowmastodon: Discovering an Ice Age World in the Colorado Rockies, by K. Johnson and I. Miller, ISBN: 978-1-936905-06-5, People's Press and the Denver Museum of Nature & Science, 2012, 144 pp., US $19.95. Wavefronts and Rays as Characteristics and Asymptotics, by A. Bóna and M. A. Slawinski, ISBN 978-981-4295-51-2, World Scientific Publishing, 2011, 296 pp., US $90. Waves and Rays in Elastic Continua, 2nd ed., by M. A. Slawinski, ISBN 978-981-4289-00-9, 2010, World Scientific Publishing, 616 pp., US $120/£74.
Foundation News
Authors: Forrest Mike
Published: November 2012

Trustees Associates are leaders to whom geophysical excellence has been entrusted; they open the door to future geophysical careers for talented young people while advancing the profession for practicing geophysicists today. Today, the SEG Trustee Associates (TAs for short) are 215 in number and more than 125 are active and engaged participants—attending SEG conventions and social events, and making annual contributions to the SEG Foundation. Since the founding of the Trustee Associates in the late 1980s, TAs have contributed more than US $7.5 million to the Foundation's projects.
Reviews
Authors: Bartel David , Treitel Sven , Haines Seth S. , Avakian Bob
Published: November 2012

The Natural World Close-Up, by G. Sparrow, ISBN 978-1-55407-924-7, Firefly Books, 2011, 320 pp., US $29.95. Parameter Estimation and Inverse Problems, 2nd ed., by Richard C. Aster, Brian Borchers, and Clifford H. Thurber, ISBN 978-0-12-385048-5, Academic Press/Elsevier, 2012, 360 pp., US $99.95. Multicomponent Seismic Technology, by B. A. Hardage, M. V. DeAngelo, P. E. Murray, and D. Sava, ISBN 978-1-56080-282-2, SEG, Geophysical Reference Series No. 18, 2011, 318 pp., US $99 (members $79, electronic version available). First Steps in Seismic Interpretation, by D. Herron, ISBN: 978-1-56080-280-8, SEG, Geophysical Monograph Series No. 16, 2011, 200 pp., US $62 (members $49, electronic version available).
Foundation News
Authors: Blythe Natalie
Published: November 2012

Since its inception in 2008, Geoscientists Without Borders (GWB) has changed lives around the world—all while positively impacting the global reputation of geophysics. Each year, the program receives dozens of applications from project managers who want to make a lasting, humanitarian impact. With 12 projects to date (some completed, others in the field), the SEG Foundation Board of Directors recently approved two new projects to join the GWB ranks.
SEAM Update
Authors: Frenkel Michael , Fehler Michael
Published: November 2012

SEAM Phase I RPSEA is in the process of completing a suite of geophysical simulations on the geophysical model representative of a salt area of the deep-water Gulf of Mexico. Part of this interdisciplinary effort includes the simulation of two types of electromagnetic acquisitions over the SEAM model, one for a controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) and one for magnetotelluric (MT). Both CSEM and MT 3D modeling and imaging technologies are of intense interest to companies conducting exploration and reservoir development in marine environments. SEAM's goal is to provide 3D electromagnetic data that not only mimic current field acquisitions but, in most cases, far exceed them. The resulting simulation data can be used to validate and ultimately improve 3D EM forward modeling as well as subsurface imaging and characterization methods using electromagnetic data alone or when combined with other types of geophysical data.
Student zone
Authors: Vanić Marko
Published: November 2012

In Serbia we like to say, “The third one is the lucky one!” And this is why we were so optimistic about The 3rd SEG/EAGE/AAPG International Geosciences Student Conference (IGSC) held in Belgrade from 29 May to 1 June 2012. In 2010, the SEG Student Chapter in Bucharest, Romania broke the ice with the first IGSC. The SEG Student Chapter in Krakow, Poland sponsored the second in 2011.
Previewing the International Exposition and 82nd Annual Meeting
Authors: Clark Dean
Published: November 2012

The event (to be held 4–9 November 2012 in Las Vegas, USA) attracted 1560 submissions for the Technical Program. This was 376(!) more than the previous high (established in 2008 and, perhaps not coincidentally, the last time the convention was in Las Vegas). The SEG convention (officially titled the Society of Exploration Geophysicists International Exposition and 82nd Annual Meeting) is still a few weeks in the future, but it has already generated at least one astonishing number (and some others are expected).
Path effects in subsurface microseismic monitoring
Authors: Hogan Chad , Eaton David
Published: November 2012

Path effects represent relative changes in amplitude and phase that occur when elastic waves propagate in different directions within a medium. Path effects for downhole microseismic monitoring differ fundamentally from path effects for surface monitoring. The reason for this difference is simple: in most cases, borehole microseismic recordings consist of waves transmitted in a more-or-less horizontal direction, whereas surface microseismic data typically contain signals traveling in the vertical direction. In many geologic settings of so-called tight reservoirs this is equivalent to parallel and perpendicular to the layering.
IQ Earth Forum: 21st-century interpretation
Authors: Bianco Evan
Published: November 2012

In August, I traveled to the stunning outdoor playground at Beaver Creek in Avon, Colorado, to attend the first annual SEG IQ Earth Forum. For the uninitiated, IQ stands for integrative and quantitative. These two words simultaneously cast the Forum's scope and serve as a call to action for all subsurface geoscience. There were 43 people in attendance including 12 from operators (Shell, ExxonMobil, Statoil, Chevron, Total, BHP Billiton, Apache, Anadarko, and Mitsui), 11 from service companies (eight of whom were representing Schlumberger and WesternGeco), 12 from software and consulting firms, and four from academia. A decent spread across the SEG membership base, and an ideal size for an intimate and lively meeting.
Signals
Authors: Gill G. C. “Chip”
Published: November 2012

Signals are letters to the editor submitted by readers of The Leading Edge.