bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS HASIL TANGKAPAN RAJUNGAN (PORTUNUS PELAGICUS) SEBAGAI TARGET UTAMA DAN KOMPOSISI BY-CATCH ALAT TANGKAP GILLNET DI PERAIRAN PANTAI PURIRANO, SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Mardhan Normayanti Thamrin , Sara La , Asriyana Asriyana
Published: October 2019

Abstrak : Penangkapan rajungan di perairan Pantai Purirano umumnya dilakukan oleh usaha perikanan rajungan skala kecil, yang menggunakan jaring insang (gillnet). Gillnet merupakan alat tangkap pasif yang pengoperasiannya tidak merusak sumberdaya hayati perairan. Walaupun demikian, gillnet merupakan alat tangkap yang tingkat selektivitasnya rendah, sehingga dikhawatirkan hasil tangkapan sampingan (bycatch) lebih banyak daripada hasil tangkapan utama (target species). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proporsi hasil tangkapan rajungan (portunus pelagicus) sebagai target utama dan komposisi bycatch alat tangkap gillnet di perairan Pantai Purirano.Sampel rajungan ditangkap menggunakan jaring insang (gillnet) dengan ukuran mata jaring 4 inci & lebar jaring 80 cm. Hasil tangkapan selama penelitian diperoleh 29 jenis dari 25 famili. Hasil tangkapan yang diutamakan adalah rajungan dari famili Portunidae, tetapi terdapat juga jenis-jenis lain yang juga tertangkap (bycatch), yang sebagian dimanfaatkan (useable) dan sebagian lain dibuang ke laut (discarded). Jumlah total hasil tangkapan rajungan jantan selama penelitian adalah 58 ekor (54%) dan betina sebanyak 50 ekor (46%). Indeks dominansi hasil tangkapan tergolong rendah yaitu berkisar 0,21 Ã¢â¬â 0,27. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa selektivitas alat tangkap jaring insang tergolong rendah.Kata Kunci : Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus), Bycatch, Gillnet, PuriranoAbstrack : Catching crabs in Purirano Beach is generally carried out by small-scale crab fishing businesses, which use gillnet.ÃÂ  Gillnet is a passive fishing gear whose operation does not damage aquatic biological resources.ÃÂ  However, gillnet is a fishing tool with a low selectivity level, so it is feared that bycatch by-catch is more than the main catch (target species).ÃÂ  This study aims to determine the proportion of crab catches (portunus pelagicus) as the main target and the composition of gillnet fishing gear bycatch in Purirano Beach waters.ÃÂ  Swimming crab samples were captured using gill nets with mesh sizes of 4 inches & net width of 80 cm.ÃÂ  The catch during the study obtained 29 species from 25 families.ÃÂ  The preferred catch is crabs from the family Portunidae, but there are also other species that are also caught (bycatch), some are used (useable) and some others are thrown into the sea (discarded).ÃÂ  The total number of male crab catches during the study was 58 individuals (54%) and 50 females (46%).ÃÂ  The catch index dominance is relatively low, in the range of 0.21 - 0.27.ÃÂ  This indicates that the selectivity of gill nets is relatively low.Keywords : Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus), Bycatch, Gillnet, Purirano
Family-School Connections: Different Theoretical Perspectives and their Implications for Teacher Education
Authors: Al-Mahdi Osama
Published: October 2019

Family-school connections had received increasing attention in the past decades due to their potential benefits for children’s learning. However, the educational and research community is still working to give a clear explanation for what family-school connections really stands for, which is understood to be a complicated concept. This paper begins by presenting different definitions of family-school connections.  Afterwards it will discuss various theoretical perspectives in this educational area, which includes: Piaget cognitive development theory (Piaget, 1981), Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory (Vygotsky, 1978), the funds of knowledge theory (Moll et al., 1992), Bourdieu’s social capital theory (Bourdieu, 1986), Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory (Velez-Agisto, et al., 2017), the overlapping family and school spheres  (Epstein, 2011),  Hoover-Dempsey & Sandler framework (Hoover-Dempsey & Sandler, 1995; 1997; 2005),  and the structural and relational approach in understanding family-school connections (Kim & Sheridan, 2015). The paper concludes with a discussion about the implications of these theoretical perspectives on the research and educational field.
Editor in Chief’s Note on the Green Hydrogen Fuel from Solar / Wind Power
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Ehsan
Published: October 2019

Renewable and sustainable energy has an evolving story as the ongoing trade war in the word is influencing crude oil prices. Moreover, the global warming is an inevitable consequence of the worldwide increasing rate of fossil fuel utilization which has persuaded the governments to invest on the clean and sustainable energy resources. In recent years, the cost of green energy has tumbled, making the price of renewables competitive to the fossil fuels. Although, the hydrogen fuel is still extremely expensive compared to the crude oil price, investigations about clean hydrogen fuel production and utilization has been developed significantly which demonstrate the importance of the hydrogen fuel in the future. This article aims to scrutinize the importance of green hydrogen fuel production from solar/wind energy.
Investigation of the toxicity of ethanol extracts obtained from six different Satureja L. species on Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say, 1824), (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Usanmaz Bozhüyük Ayşe , Kordalı Şaban
Published: October 2019

In the present study, ethanol extracts obtained from Satureja cilicica P. H. Davis, Satureja cuneifolia Ten, Satureja hortensis L., Satureja spicigera (C. Koch) Boiss., Satureja thymbra L. and Satureja montana L. were tested against on the adults and larvae of Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say, 1824)). The experiments were conducted in glass Petri dishes and vacuum desiccators including 15 individual for each period with three replicates under laboratory conditions. 10, 15 and 20 mg/mL doses of ethanol extracts conducted in the Petri dishes and the desiccators showed that depending on concentration increase and duration of exposure time resulted between 2.22-100% toxic effects on the potato beetle larvae and adults. In Petri trials, the highest mortality rate was recorded as 100% for the second larval stage at the 20 mg/mL dose of S. spicigera ethanol extract after 96 hours the treatment. In desiccator experiments, the highest toxicity rate was determined as 100% for first larval stage at the 20 mg/mL dose of S. thymbra ethanol extract after 96 hours of the application. In addition to, when LD values of the ethanol extracts were taken into account the highest toxicity of adult period was determined for S. thymbra extract (LD25: 0.000, LD50: 0.010 μL/insect), the lowest toxicity was determined for S. cilicica extract (LD90: 436.020 μL/insect). The results obtained from this study suggested that the ethanol extracts of tested Satureja L. species could be used for L. decemlineata larvae and adults as bio-larvicides and insecticides.
Власний досвід ехокардіографічного оцінювання ступеня асиметрії атріовентрикулярного з’єднання в пацієнтів з різними анатомічними варіантами атріовентрикулярної комунікації при виборі оптимальної тактики хірургічного лікування
Authors: Shapoval L. A. , Rudenko N. M. , Dovgan O. M. , Yemets I. M.
Published: October 2019

Серед великої кількості анатомічних варіантів атріовентрикулярної комунікації (АВК) трапляються випадки з нерівномірним атріовентрикулярним (АВ) з’єднанням, що асоціюються з гіпоплазією лівого (ЛШ) або правого (ПШ) шлуночків і визначаються як незбалансовані форми. Ступінь дисбалансу впливає як на тип, так і на ризик оперативного втручання. Основним завданням у визначенні дисбалансу в АВК є прогнозування здатності ЛШ підтримувати системний кровообіг, що є важливим при виборі оптимальної тактики хірургічного лікування. Сучасною тенденцією в діагностиці цієї складної вади є об’єднання нових концепцій з раніше існуючими критеріями в єдине ціле, щоб допомогти обрати оптимальний шлях хірургічного лікування.

Мета – проаналізувати основні ехокардіографічні (ЕхоКГ) показники, які визначають дисбаланс у пацієнтів з різними анатомічними варіантами АВК і провести кореляцію цих показників з розмірами, що характеризують «геометрію шлуночків» відповідно до обраної хірургічної тактики.

Матеріали та методи. За період із січня 2014 по грудень 2018 року обстежено та проведено хірургічне лікування 279 пацієнтам з різними анатомічними варіантами АВК. Для визначення анатомічних особливостей вади використовували такі ЕхоКГ-показники, як модифікований індекс атріовентрикулярного клапана (mAVVI), кут припливу між ПШ та ЛШ (RV/LV inflow angle), індекс припливу ЛШ (LVII), обчислювали кінцево-діастолічну площу ЛШ та ПШ, кінцево-систолічну площу ЛШ та ПШ, лінійні розміри обох шлуночків та АВ-клапанів.

Результати. Порівнюючи зазначені ЕхоКГ-показники дисбалансу з вимірами «геометрії шлуночків», встановлено, що mAVVI помірно корелює з діаметром кільця лівого АВ-клапана (r = 0,775, p < 0,0001) та кінцево-діастолічною площею ЛШ (r = 0,531, р <0,0001) і слабо корелює з діаметром кільця правого АВ-клапана (r = 0,23, р = 0,0013) та з кінцево-діастолічною площею ПШ (r = 0,240, р = 0,001); RV/LV inflow angle помірно корелює з діаметром кільця лівого АВ-клапана та діаметром кільця правого АВ-клапана (r = 0,861, p < 0,0001 та r = 0,775, p < 0,0001 відповідно) й суттєво не корелює з кінцево-діастолічною площею ЛШ та ПШ. Виявлена слабка кореляція LVII з кінцево-діастолічною площею ЛШ (r = 0,101, р = 0,880) та слабка кореляція LVII з діаметром кільця лівого АВ-клапана (r = 0,175, р = 0,021), відсутня кореляція LVII з кінцево-діастолічною площею ПШ та діаметром кільця правого АВ-клапана.

Висновок. ЕхоКГ-показники дисбалансу мають слабку або помірну кореляцію з вимірами «геометрії шлуночків», що свідчить про те, що жоден з цих показників не повинен використовуватися самостійно при визначенні ступеня збалансованості та вибору тактики хірургічного лікування в пацієнтів з різними анатомічними варіантами АВК.
Influence of weather conditions during the pre-vegetation period on productivity and yield qualities of soft spring wheat seeds
Authors: Amunova O. S.
Published: October 2019

Eleven genotypes of soft spring wheat were studied in a series of field and laboratory experiments in 2014 - 2018. The laboratory test included accounting for seed germination and assessing the physiological parameters of seedlings (number of seminal roots, dry matter mass of roots and shoots and their ratio (RSR index)). The field tests included phenological observa-tions, assessment of genotypes by productivity and average yield. The average yield of wheat during the years of study was 1.93-4.92 t/ha and depended on weather conditions during the period of grain formation. The trait “1000-grain mass” was formed under the influence of the genotype (68.1%), the portion of influence of weather conditions was 11.8%. It has been established that the duration of the reproductive period of soft spring wheat in the Kirov region should be at least 40 days. Reducing the duration of the reproductive period leads to a decrease in seed germination capacity. Seeds the formation and development of which took place at the optimum temperature of 16 ºС, by germination spent the most part of seed reserve substances for the development of the aboveground part of the plant (RSR index = 0.70). Under these conditions, the varieties with a lower root index were characterized by high values of the elements of yield structure. At the increased average daily air temperature (by 2-4 oC), seeds that could germinate with a significantly higher number of seminal roots (6.6-9.0%) developed on the maternal plants. During the germination of such seeds, the plastic substances distributed evenly between the shoots and seminal roots (RSR index = 0.94-0.98). The increased influx of assimilates to root system of seedlings could be explained by the fact that the process of seed formation on the maternal plants took place under conditions close to stressful and the adapted seeds spent more reserve substances for root development.
Influence of homozygosis by marker alleles of blood groups on the productivity, reproductive qualities and longevity of cows
Authors: Kuzmina N. V. , Dmitrieva V. I. , Koltsov D. N. , Gontov M. E.
Published: October 2019

Currently, in populations of different cattle breeds there is elimination of a number of alleles of blood groups and an in-crease in the homozygosity coefficient that leads to rise in the amount of homozygous animals. In this regard, the aim of the research was to study the effect of homozygosity by EAV-locus of blood groups on the productive and reproductive characteristics of cows. The research was carried out on the farms of the Smolensk region for breeding of Sychevskaya cattle breed: the “Rybkovskoye” breeding farm and pedigree breeding unit Agricultural Production Cooperative (APC) named after Uritsky. On these farms there were selected 2078 cows, homozygous according to alleles of EAV - locus of blood groups and heterozygous animals born in 2010-2014 (21 and 581, 50 and 1426 heads, respectively). The study has shown that the average milk yield over the productive life of homozygotes in the herd of the “Rybkovskoye” farm is insignificantly lower and on the farm named after Uritsky this parameter is significantly higher. Application of one-way ANOVA analysis determined the weak effect of genotype on the productivity of animals on the “Rybkovskoe” farm only for the first lactation with factorial effect in milk yield, milk fat and protein 1.2, 1.5 and 1.1%, respectively. On the breeding farm named after Uritsky the factorial effect in milk yield and fatyield for the second lactation was 0.3 and 0.4%, and on the average over the life in milk yield it was 0.4%. The analysis of repro-ductive qualities: the age of the first calving, the age of the first fruitful insemination, multiplicity of insemination to lactation, the number of days before the first insemination in the current lactation, the duration of open days revealed close values, similar nature of distribution and variation of these indicators, absence of statistically significant differences between them in homozy-gotes and heterozygotes. A weak (2% or less) influence of homozygosity on productive longevity, which determines the superiority of homozygous cows over heterozygous, characteristic for samples from both farms, has been found.
Genomic assessment and phenotypic characteristics of F2 resource sheep population
Authors: Deniskova T. E. , Dotsev A. V. , Petrov S. N. , Fornara M. S. , Reyer H. , Wimmers K. , Bagirov V. A. , Brem G. , Zinovieva N. A.
Published: October 2019

The article presents the results of assessment of genetic diversity and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in the re-source sheep population, originated from crossing of fast-growing (Katahdin) and slow growing (Romanov) breeds for QTL mapping and search for candidate genes associated with growth rate. The study was conducted on 88 sheep from the resource population, including two unrelated families that have been reared in the Moscow region since 2017. Each family consists of a Katahdin ram (founder), Romanov’s ewes (mothers), F1 hybrids, and two groups of backcrosses. All sheep were genotyped using a high-density DNA chip Illumina Ovine Infinium® HD SNP BeadChip (~ 600 thousand SNP markers). SNP markers were filtered in the PLINK v.1.90. PCA was performed in PLINK v.1.90 and visualized in R package ggplot2. The genetic diversity indices (Ho, uHe, Ar, FIS) were calculated in R package “diveRsity”. It was established that both crosses had higher level of genetic diversity in comparison with the mother breed. F1 hybrids were characterized by the highest level of observed heterozygosity (Ho = 0.409-0.407), while Ho ranged from 0.382 to 0.396 for the backcrosses, respectively. The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.329 to 0.356 in the groups from the resource population. Allelic richness was high in all studied groups (more than 1.849). PCA showed that the mated parent breeds were highly differentiated, as it should be in successful establishment of the resource population. The phenotypic characteristic of the backcrosses on live weight and nine body measurements at 9, 42 and 90 days is given. The coefficients of variation were the highest by live weight (17.0-19.0%), body length (15.5-22.3%) and oblique body length (16.2% and 22.7%) at 90 days. The results are intermediate and create a geno-typic and phenotypic base to perform GWAS at the next stage of our study.
Parasitism by Microctonus aethiopoides on a novel host Listronotus bonariensis in Canterbury pastures
Authors: McNeill M.R. , Kean J.M. , Goldson S.L.
Published: October 2019

The parasitoids Microctonus aethiopoides and M hyperodae have been introduced as biological control agents against Sitona discoideus and Argentine stem weevil Listronotus bonariensis respectively Collections from ryegrass/white clover pastures in midCanterbury found that M aethiopoides was widespread in L bonariensis despite the weevil being a novel host Microctonus aethiopoides was recovered from 83 of the 65 sites sampled in Canterbury with parasitism rates of 0419 Studies in lucerne crops showed that M aethiopoides preferentially parasitised its natural host S discoideus although in some cases up to 10 of L bonariensis found in the lucerne were parasitised A possible reason for the prevalence of M aethiopoides in Canterbury pasture was that the widelydispersive flights of S discoideus from aestivation sites provided a source for reinfection of the parasitoid into ryegrass pasture Analysis of field parasitism suggested that parasitism of L bonariensis by M aethiopoides was negatively correlated with parasitism by M hyperodae
Carbon dioxide fumigation of Thrips tabaci in export onions
Authors: Page B.B.C. , Bendall M.J. , Carpenter A. , Van_Epenhuijsen C.W.
Published: October 2019

As an alternative to chemical pesticides elevated carbon dioxide atmospheres were examined as a method for controlling thrips on export onions A replicated gas delivery system was used to deliver a constant supply of various concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) to thripsinfested onions within sealable bags Six CO2 treatments an air control and 15 30 45 60 and 100 CO2 (all in balance air) were applied for 6 12 24 48 and 72 h Mortality was 100 at CO2 concentrations of 30 or more after at least 24 h However the control treatments also had a high level of mortality and although there were significant differences between the control treatment and the CO2 treatments these differences were not large
Monitoring Essigella californica populations in Bay of Plenty forests
Authors: Appleton C. , Gresham B.A.
Published: October 2019

Essigella californica (Monterey pine aphid) populations were monitored in the Bay of Plenty forests of Rotoehu and Kaingaroa over two years to determine what influence E californica has on the health of Pinus radiata and to identify any associated predators and parasites Populations were sampled throughout the canopy height of forests stands at three altitudinal ranges (lt;300 m 300600 m and gt;600 m above sea level) and three age classes (110 1120 and 2130 years old) Findings clearly show that although E californica populations vary markedly from one year to the next highest populations occurred in low altitude midaged P radiata in autumn Even at relatively high population levels in midaged stands E californica did not appear to have any visible effect on tree health The monitoring programme has shown that E californica cannot be considered a pest of P radiata in New Zealand
Evaluation of pheromone trapping for prediction of diamondback moth infestations in vegetable brassicas
Authors: Walker G.P. , Wallace A.R. , Bush R. , MacDonald F.H. , Suckling D.M.
Published: October 2019

The use of pheromone traps was investigated as a monitoring tool to forewarn crop scouts of risk periods when diamondback moth (DBM; Plutella xylostella) larval numbers in crops are likely to increase to damaging levels We monitored traps at five brassica planting sites for 8 months and also counted numbers of DBM larvae on 50100 plants at each site Crops were scouted weekly and insecticide application decisions were made using the Crop amp; Food Research IPM programme Results showed that increases in moth trap catches predicted increases in larval infestations in three of four commercial crops in spring by 23 weeks and gave 2 weeks warning in four of five summer crops An epizootic of Zoophthora radicans caused a rapid decline in larval populations in mid to late January at all sites In these trials use of the IPM action thresholds led to a 75 reduction in insecticide use on vegetable brassica crops Overall pheromone traps were of limited value except in early spring because crops needed to be scouted regularly for other pests
Boysenberry decline identification and control of a serious disease of boysenberries
Authors: Langford G. , Stanley J. , Andersen M.T. , Braithwaite M.
Published: October 2019

The fungus Cercosporella rubi which causes rosette of boysenberry was identified in 1998 as the cause of boysenberry decline in New Zealand A fungicide trial was carried out in the summer of 1998/99 to determine the efficacy of several fungicides for controlling rosette The fungicides azoxystrobin benomyl bitertanol difenconazole mancozeb and pyrimethanil were each applied five times to boysenberry primocanes in a commercial planting of boysenberries from November through to February Difenconazole was the most effective fungicide for reducing rosette symptoms while azoxystrobin and benomyl also gave good control of the disease This trial has demonstrated that several fungicides from different chemical groups could be used for control of rosette
An improved 1080 paste for control of possums (Trichosurus vulpecula)
Authors: Ross J.G. , Henderson R.J.
Published: October 2019

A new 1080 paste (PTP) was developed by PestTech Ltd and then evaluated in a series of comparative trials with Pestoff possum paste (POP) The research indicated that PTP was significantly more palatable to captive possums than POP following 57 h of exposure to hot conditions (hot conditions were 30C for 6 h followed by 18 h at 13C on a 24 h cycle) Acceptance by bees was low with significantly less PTP than POP removed by forager bees over a 30 h period In the field the control efficacy of both pastes was high (8994 kill) with no significant differences between treatments Based on these results it is recommend that PTP is registered for possum control in New Zealand
An evaluation of two longlife baits containing diphacinone for the control of ferrets (Mustela furo)
Authors: Ross J.G. , Henderson R.J.
Published: October 2019

Two longlife baits (gel and polymer) were developed by PestTech Ltd and tested on captive ferrets The palatability of both baits was significantly enhanced using natural animal extracts with extract palatability ranked in order of decreasing consumption as rabbitchicken>harerat>fish Final bait formulations (with animal extracts) ranked in order of decreasing consumption were gelpolymer>Pestofftrade; ferret paste The response of ferrets to gel bait containing diphacinone was highly variable with males significantly more susceptible than females Accordingly large doses of diphacinone will be required to kill most ferrets in the field In conclusion both gel and polymer baits were superior to Pestofftrade; ferret paste and have good potential for ferret control
Colonisation of apple and pear leaves by different strains of biological control agents of fire blight
Authors: Vanneste J.L. , Cornish D.A. , Spinelli F. , Yu J.
Published: October 2019

The ability of biological control agents of fire blight to establish and colonise the surface of apple and pear leaves was investigated Two commercially available biological control agents Pantoea agglomerans P10c and Pseudomonas fluorescens A506 and two strains of P agglomerans isolated from apple orchards in New Zealand were used All of these strains are able to reduce fire blight incidence on apple and pear flowers After spray application the percentage of leaf surface colonised by the biological control agents was measured by imprinting leaves on fresh agar plates Pseudomonas fluorescens A506 did not survive for more than two days in the field while the strains of P agglomerans survived for several days but the percentage of leaf area colonised decreased rapidly after 48 hours These strains might not have the characteristics necessary to control fire blight infections on shoots
Optimising production of carrot hairy roots
Authors: Ridgway H.J. , Kandula J. , Stewart A.
Published: October 2019

This research describes the production of carrot hairy roots for monoxenic culture of New Zealand arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Induction of hairy roots on mature carrot root sections was carried out using Agrobacterium rhizogenes isolate A4T that had been grown in either LauriaBertani (/ acetosyringone) or Yeast Mannitol medium (24 or 48 h incubation) Results showed both methods could initiate hairy root production The source of the carrots was one of the most important factors with mature freshly harvested carrots showing better hairy root production compared to coolstored carrots Dissection of the cortex to expose the cambium had a positive effect on the least optimal treatment
Conditional release of new organisms in New Zealand
Authors: Vieglais C.M.C. , Harrison L.
Published: October 2019

New organisms are defined as species not present in New Zealand prior to 29 July 1998 the date the New Organisms component of the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act 1996 came into effect New organisms also include genetically modified (GM) organisms organisms that have been approved for containment or conditional release and exotic organisms that have been eradicated There are three ways a new organism can occur in New Zealand accidental incursions deliberate but illegal introductions and legal introductions Applications for introductions are evaluated by the Environmental Risk Management Authority (ERMA New Zealand) In October 2003 the HSNO Act was amended to allow for the conditional release of new organisms including GM organisms This paper describes the process for the introduction of new organisms into New Zealand with an emphasis on conditional release to assess the risks costs and benefits of new organisms to human health the environment and the economy
Attempted new association biological control of Dicranosterna semipunctata Chapuis (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Paropsini)
Authors: Murphy B.D. , Kay M.K.
Published: October 2019

The new association theory of biological control predicts that novel enemies may be more effective in controlling pest species than their natural enemies This theory was tested using the egg parasitoid Enoggera nassaui Girault (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) on the Acacia tortoise beetle Dicranosterna semipunctata (Chapuis) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) in New Zealand In no choice laboratory bioassays parasitism on the new host was significantly lower than on a natural host Paropsis charybdis Stål (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) (57 cf 89 eggs/h P002) The fecundity and oviposition rate of D semipunctata were approximately half that of P charybdis A field release of 1500 E nassaui directed against D semipunctata did not result in sustained field parasitism It is suspected that E nassaui will not normally encounter D semipunctata because it searches Eucalyptus not Acacia species The ability of biological control agents to locate the target species in the field needs to be considered when evaluating new association biological control
Detection of a Tasmanian strain of the biological control agent Enoggera nassaui Girault (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) using mitochondrial COI
Authors: Murphy B.D. , Kay M.K. , Allen G.R.
Published: October 2019

Paropsis charybdis (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) an Australian pest of Eucalyptus in New Zealand is subject to biological control by Enoggera nassaui (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) a solitary egg parasitoid sourced from Western Australia ( Perth Strain) in 1987 Erratic control in inland regions of New Zealand led to the introduction and release in 2000 of two Tasmanian E nassaui strains to attempt expansion of the climatic range of biocontrol Samples recovered a year later were analysed using partial sequences of the Cytochrome oxidase I (COI) mitochondrial gene to test for establishment This method detected a haplotype corresponding with a Tasmanian (Florentine Valley) strain However as sequences could not be obtained from original Perth strain stocks some doubt remains as to the genetic source of the other current E nassaui populations in New Zealand COI proved adept at distinguishing between different parasitoid populations and shows promise for similar studies
Spray retention models for vegetable crops preliminary investigation
Authors: Forster W.A. , Steele K.D. , Gaskin R.E. , Zabkiewicz J.A.
Published: October 2019

This study tests the most appropriate of three mathematical models for spray retention by plant foliage The current study utilised two plant species potato (easy to wet with relatively horizontal leaves) and onion (difficult to wet with relatively vertical foliage) Formulations providing a range of dynamic surface tensions (2673 mN/m) were used at two nominal spray volumes (200 and 500 litres/ha) The model by Grayson et al (1993) worked reasonably well with the current data However to be truly predictive extensive revision is required and recommendations for this are outlined
Massrearing establishment and dispersal of Pseudaphycus maculipennis a biocontrol agent for obscure mealybug
Authors: Charles J.G. , Allan D.J. , Rogers D.J. , Cole L.M. , Shaw P.W. , Wallis D.R.
Published: October 2019

Approximately 750000 P maculipennis (internal facultatively gregarious encyrtid parasitoids of the obscure mealybug (Pseudococcus viburni)) were released to 41 pipfruit orchards in Hawkes Bay Nelson/Motueka and Auckland and to the Wellington Botanic Gardens between 2001 and 2004 At least a year later they were recovered from 83 of the Hawkes Bay and 60 of the Nelson orchards and from the Wellington Botanic Gardens indicating that the parasitoid has a solid foothold in New Zealand Pseudaphycus maculipennis have dispersed since their release at a natural rate of about 200 m/year Laboratory massrearing production techniques for P maculipennis are described No measures of the impact of P maculipennis on obscure mealybug populations in orchards have yet been carried out
Synchronisation of the parasitoid Centrodora scolypopae with its host Scolypopa australis
Authors: Gerard P.J.
Published: October 2019

Eggs of the univoltine passionvine hopper Scolypopa australis Walker (Homoptera Ricaniidae) are parasitised by Centrodora scolypopae Valentine (Hymenoptera Aphelinidae) The life cycle of the parasitoid and synchronisation with its host was studied in a gully near Hamilton over four years The parasitoid was usually univoltine overwintering in diapause as a prepupa and pupating when host adults were present in midsummer However above average summer temperatures in 1981 resulted in up to 60 of the parasitoid population on a sunny slope with a NE aspect pupating before winter demonstrating that the diapause was facultative Photoperiod was found to be a key factor in diapause maintenance
Evaluation of UV reflective mulches for protection against thrips (Thrips tabaci) in onion (Allium cepa) crops
Authors: Van_Toor R.F. , Till C. , James D.E. , Teulon D.A.J.
Published: October 2019

The efficacy of the ultraviolet (UV) reflective plastic mulch Extenday for preventing onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) from colonising onions was evaluated The mulch reflected 35 of incident UV at 250 nm wavelength and 25 of incident UV at 360 nm while bare soil reflected 11 and 4 UV at these wavelengths respectively In a field trial the total number of thrips at 8 weeks after transplanting was lower with mulch (185 thrips/ bulb) than in the control (280 thrips/bulb) However thrips populations were similar for both treatments in subsequent assessments When onions in seedling trays were placed adjacent to an onion field for 818 days during early mid and late summer aluminium foil which reflected UV 250 nm by 43 and UV 360 nm by 35 and Extenday did not reduce numbers of T tabaci compared to the control The use of reflective mulches for repelling thrips in onions does not appear promising
Crop infestation by aphids is related to flight activity detected with 75 metre high suction traps
Authors: Teulon D.A.J. , Stufkens M.A.W. , Fletcher J.D.
Published: October 2019

The flight activity of aphid pests of wheat potato lettuce and squash is currently monitored in New Zealand using 75 m suction traps However there has been little research comparing aphid suction trap catches with crop infestation levels The relationship between the average number of aphids (Rhopalosiphum padi) sampled from wheat plants and the average number of aphids caught in weekly 75 m suction trap samples was examined A significant positive relationship indicated that numbers of aphids caught in suction traps reflected the numbers of aphids infesting wheat fields In another experiment potato aphid flights (mostly Myzus persicae) caught in a 75 m suction trap were compared with a nearby windvane trap Aphid numbers in both traps reflected similar trends However the suction trap caught approximately 10 times more aphids than the windvane trap Thus 75 m suction traps provide a useful tool for assessing aphid infestation levels in crops
Comparison of components of Fusarium head blight in doubled haploid wheat lines
Authors: Cromey M.G. , Shorter S.C. , Griffin W.B. , Munro C.A. , Lauren D.R.
Published: October 2019

Components of Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium spp were examined in one Chinese and seven New Zealand wheat cultivars and in 141 doubled haploid lines from a cross between a susceptible and a moderately resistant cultivar Components measured were incidence of FHB proportions of grains with visible FHB infection mycotoxins levels in grain and proportion of grains infected with Fusarium Lines were sown in a field trial that was inoculated with F graminearum and mist irrigated to enhance infection The Chinese cultivar Nanjing had the lowest level of FHB in ears and visibly infected grains and Fusarium infection in harvested grain Two New Zealand cultivars also had low levels of FHB components while two other cultivars had medium levels and three had high levels of infection There were moderate to good correlations between most components of FHB except that the proportions of visibly infected grains were poorly correlated with other components
The incidence of Botrytis cinerea and expression of putative host defences in green and goldenfleshed kiwifruit of differing harvest maturity
Authors: Wurms K.V.
Published: October 2019

This study was carried out on greenfleshed Actinidia deliciosa cv Hayward the worlds main commercial kiwifruit cultivar and the recently introduced goldenfleshed Actinidia chinensis cv Hort16A The incidence of Botrytis rots was 2fold higher in Hayward than in Hort16A irrespective of fruit harvest maturity Expression of chitinase activity and antifungal phenolics in particular a compound with a Rf value of 056 was also higher in Hort16A than in Hayward pericarp tissue These results suggest that genotype resistance to B cinerea is greater in Hort16A than in Hayward fruit and is associated with chitinases and phenolics An increase in disease resistance with advanced fruit harvest maturity was more evident in Hort16A than Hayward but did not correlate with Hort16A hydrolytic enzyme or phenolic activities suggesting the involvement of other unidentified defence component(s) Delaying fruit harvest can be used to further augment resistance of the Hort16A cultivar to B cinerea but the mode of action remains to be determined
Effect of soilborne inoculum on incidence of onion black mould (Aspergillus niger)
Authors: Tyson J.L. , Fullerton R.A.
Published: October 2019

Aspergillus niger is the cause of black mould of onions which is primarily a postharvest disease Systematic sampling of soil from onion fields in the Pukekohe/Waikato regions of New Zealand in 2002 and 2003 showed that the highest levels of soilborne A niger occurred in fields that had not been recently rotated out of onions Levels of soilborne A niger were correlated with black mould incidence in bulbs stored at high temperature and high humidity but not in bulbs stored at ambient temperature and humidity It is likely that soilborne spores are a principal source of inoculum for black mould of onions in Pukekohe New Zealand
Colonisation of renovated pastures in Waikato by four coleopteran species
Authors: Hardwick S.
Published: October 2019

In autumn 1998 a farm scale replicated field trial was established in Waikato New Zealand to measure the productivity of combinations of old and new ryegrass and white clover cultivars Colonisation in the first two years of the trial by Costelytra zealandica Heteronychus arator Naupactus leucoloma and Sitona lepidus was monitored By the end of winter 2000 no difference in densities of any of the pest species monitored could be attributed to cultivar treatments However dispersal behaviour and soil type did have a significant effect on pest densities Naupactus leucoloma which disperses by walking was found in greatest densities on the edges of the trial Costelytra zealandica which disperses by flying was initially aggregated in paddocks with shelterbelts Heavy infestations of H arator which also disperses by flying were associated with good soil drainage Sitona lepidus which disperses by flying was evenly distributed across the trial
Establishment of Serratia entomophila after application of a new formulation for grass grub control
Authors: Townsend R.J. , Jackson T.A. , Ferguson C.M. , Proffitt J.R. , Slay M.W.A. , Swaminathan J. , Day S. , Gerard E.M. , O'Callaghan M. , Johnson V.W.
Published: October 2019

The bacterium Serratia entomophila is a naturally occurring pathogen causing amber disease of the New Zealand grass grub (Costelytra zealandica) A novel granular formulation of S entomophila Bioshieldtrade; was applied to 18 pasture sites in a largescale programme to demonstrate efficacy against grass grub No significant difficulties were encountered in application of the granules through conventional machinery There were high populations of the applied bacteria in soil within the first week of application and within 6 weeks of application there was an average of 3 x 104 viable S entomophila of the applied strain per gram of soil This resulted in a significant (Plt;005) 20 increase in the incidence of amber disease in the treated grass grub populations compared to untreated populations Successful establishment of the bacteria in the soil and target population following Bioshieldtrade; granule application was demonstrated on a wide range of sites under various farming conditions
Nodule preference by first instar clover root weevil
Authors: Hackell D.L. , Gerard P.J.
Published: October 2019

Laboratory experiments were undertaken to investigate attraction of first instar clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus) towards different clover nodules Two choice tests were used to assess larval preference between red and white clover nodules and nitrogen fixing and nonnitrogen fixing white clover nodules The assays were run over 24 h in individual Petri dishes No difference in attraction was found between red and white clover nodules but larvae showed a strong preference towards nitrogen fixing white clover nodules (P0001)
Perennial ryegrass infected with AR37 endophyte reduces survival of porina larvae
Authors: Jensen J.G. , Popay A.J.
Published: October 2019

Two pot experiments were conducted to assess the impact of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) infected with AR37 a novel strain of the endophytic fungus Neotyphodium lolii on porina (Wiseana cervinata) larvae The wildtype (WT) endophyte a commercially available novel endophyte strain named AR1 and Nil endophyte ryegrass were also tested Larval survival was reduced by AR37 in both experiments and by WT in one experiment Larval weights and head widths and tiller damage were also reduced by AR37 and to a lesser extent by WT Shortterm bioassays with excised tillers showed that W cervinata were slightly deterred from feeding on AR37 but only when offered a choice between AR37 and Nil No preference was shown between Nil and WT No effects of AR1 on W cervinata were observed
Effects of spraying strategies based on monitoring disease risk on grape disease control and fungicide usage in Marlborough
Authors: Agnew R.H. , Mundy D.C. , Balasubramaniam R.
Published: October 2019

Standard practice for grape disease management in Marlborough 10 years ago was to spray for diseases using calendar based spray programmes Communication of grape disease management research has led to a change of practice for many grape growers The key tool developed by the research programme was targeted spraying for diseases This involved field monitoring for diseases and the use of decision support software which contained the Bacchus Botrytis cinerea risk model Adoption of targetbased spraying resulted in a reduction in fungicide usage of up to 50 The research involved industry consultation field trials on vineyards and communication of information to participants The involvement of grape growers as advocates from the outset ensured that there was industry ownership of the outcomes A change in practice by the Marlborough grape industry has resulted in financial savings for growers and environmental benefits for the wider community through reduced fungicide applications to wine grapes
Optimising tine weeding in organic wheat
Authors: Dastgheib F.
Published: October 2019

Field trials were undertaken over three years to determine the effect of tine weeding in organic wheat (Triticum aestivum) crops in Canterbury The tine weeding treatments were performed either as single or repeated passes at different times of crop growth Preemergence tine followed by an early postemergence tine at the 3leaf stage gave the highest reduction (93) in weed biomass However grain yield of wheat was not significantly affected by tine weeding treatments in any of the experiments
Plant protection guides for organic arable and vegetable crops a growers resource
Authors: Teulon D.A.J. , Cameron P.J. , Bourdot G.W. , Curtin D. , Ralston M.
Published: October 2019

A New Zealand guide for pest, disease and weed management in organic arable andvegetable crops was developed. This guide is a resource for current organic growers andtheir consultants, as well as those contemplating converting to organics. It includesinformation collected from a wide range of sources within New Zealand and overseas.The guide has three parts: (I) a general section on the principles of soil, pest and diseaseand weed management in organic systems, (II) an arable section covering barley, borage,clover seed, grass seed, lentils, linseed, maize and wheat, and (III) a vegetable sectioncovering asparagus, brassicas, capsicum, carrot, onion, peas, potato, squash and tomato.For each crop there is a summary of the main pests, diseases and weeds to identify thepotential risks to organic growing. The options for preventing or managing these risksthat are available to organic growers given the cropping operations and control alternativesavailable to them are then described. This guide aims to fill the current gap between“introductory” and “anecdotal” organic publications with comprehensive documentationof growing operations that have been used successfully in specific crops for organicpest, disease and weed management.
KONSEP DASAR EVALUASI DALAM PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Rahayu Fitriani
Published: October 2019

Pendidikan islam bertujuan  untuk mengembangkan potensi fitrah yang ada pada diri manusia untuk menjadi insan kamil. Sehingga semua komponen yang ada dalam pendidikan  haruslah sesuai dengan tujuan pendidikan islam. Untuk mengetahui tercapai atau tidaknya tujuan tersebut, dibutuhkan evaluasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi literature dengan mengkaji beberapa buku dan pemikiran tokoh, peneliti akan membahas lebih dalam tentang evaluasi pendidikan islam baik secara epistimologi, terminology, aksiologi, dan ontology. Evaluasi dapat diartikan sebagai suatu usaha yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui tingkat keberhasilan dan kelemahan suatu proses pendidikan islam, yang mencangkup seluruh komponen yang ada didalammnya untuk mencapai tujuan yang telah ditetapkan. Dalam proses pelaksanaannya evaluasi harus menerapkan beberapa prinsip, tekhik dan prosedur yang harus di ikuti demi baiknya hasil yang akan didapatkan.
What does the literature say about business groups and pyramidal ownership in the period of 1960-2018?
Authors: Mendonça Flores Silvia Amélia , Vieira da Silva Wesley , Bernardi Sonza Igor
Published: October 2019

This paper aims to analyze the results of the research in pyramidal structures within the scope of the business groups, based on a systematic literature review. The research was conducted on two large-scale journals databases (Web of Science and Scopus), using VOSviewer, HistCite™, and Iramuteq software. The textual corpus is consisting of 65 articles and 137 authors and co-authors. Bae et al. (2002) and Almeida and Wolfenzon (2006) are the most influential for the research fields. We infer as a conceptual framework that searches in pyramidal structures are contained in the field of business groups since they represent a form of organization and representation of ownership and control. We identify as a theoretical gap the analysis of the political connections and the social role. Thus, the contributions are in the sense of presenting a panorama on the themes, supporting future researches.
الصّوابُ اللغويّ في استعمال صيغة "تفاعَلَ"
Authors: الزاملي مجيد خير الله
Published: October 2019

إنّ الفعل بوصفه ركناً مهماً في الجملة العربية قد عُنِي به القدماء عناية كبيرة، وبحثوا قضاياه بحثاً مسهباً غير أنّ مباحثهم عن الفعل جاءت متفرقة على أبواب النحو، مبثوثة في تضاعيف مسائله، فلم ينهد أحد منهم إلى تجريد كتاب برأسه لهذا العنصر المهم من عناصر الجملة العربية.

 وأدرك المحدثون أهمية الفعل، وتبيّنوا ضرورة خصّه بمباحث مستقلة، فأفرد له بعضهم كتباً خاصة، وتوسّع بعضهم الآخر في معالجة مسائله في فصول مطوّلة.

وإذا كان الفعل في العربية القديمة قد نال حظاً وافياً من عناية القدماء والمحدثين، فان الفعل في العربية المعاصرة ما زال بعيداً عن متناول الدارسين، فلم يظفر منهم بعناية كافية، ولم يفز بوقفة تستحق الذكر.

لقد تطور الفعل في العربية المعاصرة تطوراً ملحوظاً، وطرأ عليه من تغير ما يلفت نظر الباحث، ويستثير ملاحظة اللغوي، فسار في اتجاهات عدة، وكان بعض هذه الاتجاهات صحيحاً مقبولاً، وكان بعضها الآخر مخطئاً لا بدّ من التنبيه عليه، وردّ الأقلام والألسنة فيه إلى الصحيح الفصيح.

وفي هذا البحث اخترتُ صيغة من أبنية الفعل الثلاثيّ المزيد بحرفين، تلك هي صيغة "تفاعلَ"، وبيّنت فيها عثرات الكتّاب، وما استعملوه من ألفاظ مختلفة، وعالجت بأسلوب جديد مشكلات الألفاظ والعبارات في هذه الصيغة، فصوّبْتُ ما استقرّ عندي صوابُهُ، ورفضْتُ ما لم يردْ عمّن يوثق بعربيّتهم، وقد احتكمتُ في القبول والرفض إلى نصوص القرآن الكريم، والحديث النبويّ الشريف، وإلى ما قالته العرب في الأمثال، وفتحتُ الباب للاستئناس بالشعر، وكلام علماء اللغة في مصنّفاتهم اللغوية والأدبية والنحوية، واقتضت بعض المسائل استشارة كتب التفسير كالكشاف وتفسير الرازي والقرطبي والطبري والبيضاوي والبحر المحيط وفتح القدير.
السلوك العدواني لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية
Authors: المياحي جعفر عبد كاظم , الركابي صبري عبد الله كاظم
Published: October 2019

تشغل ظاهرة العدوان اهتمام الباحثين في مجالات العلوم الانسانية بصفة عامة وعلم النفس بصفة خاصة ، ولما كان عالمنا يعاني من مظاهر العنف والعدوان ، كان يتحتم على الباحثين الغوص في أعماق هذه الظواهر ، ولقد اختلفت وجهات النظر في شرح وتفسير السلوك العدواني وكان من نتيجة ذلك لم تخرج عن اتجاهات رئيسة هي : أما قوة فطرية استعدادية أو مثيرات خارجية أو ارتباطات شرطية مقرونة بنماذج التعلم الاجتماعي.
مستوى الرضا النفسي عن العمل الارشادي لدى المرشدين التربويين في محافظة ذي قار
Authors: شـنـدوخ عــلــي رسـن , مزعل فاضل عبد الزهرة
Published: October 2019

يهدف البحث الحالي الى التعرف على مستوى الرضا عن العمل الارشادي لدى المرشدين التربويين في محافظة ذي قار , وقد تحدد مجتمع البحث للمرشدين التربويين في المدارس المتوسطة والإعدادية والثانوية التابعة لمديريات التربية في محافظة ذي قار , وقد تم اختيار عينة بلغ حجمها (250) مرشدا ومرشدة , ولإتمام البحث اعدت استبانة مكونة من (40) فقرة موزعة على تسعة مجالات , وأشارت نتائج البحث الى ان مستوى الرضا عن العمل الارشادي يتصف بالايجابية وعالٍ جداً .