bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Case study: Improving the quality of the seismic reflection image for a Fujian mineral exploration data set with offset-domain common-image gathers
Authors: Liu Guofeng , Meng Xiaohong , Sea Johanes Gedo
Published: June 2021

Seismic reflection is a proven and effective method commonly used during exploration of deep mineral deposits in Fujian, China. In seismic data processing, rugged depth migration based on wave-equation migration can play a key role in handling surface fluctuations and complex underground structures. Because wave-equation migration in the shot domain cannot output offset-domain common-image gathers in a straightforward way, the use of traditional tools for updating the velocity model and improving image quality can be quite challenging. To overcome this problem, we have used the attribute migration method. This works by sorting the migrated stack results for every single-shot gather into the offset gathers. The value of the offset that corresponds to each image point is obtained from the ratio of the original migration results to the offset-modulated shot-data migration results. A Gaussian function is proposed to map every image point to a certain range of offsets. This helps improve the signal-to-noise ratio, which is especially important in handling low-quality seismic data obtained during mineral exploration. Residual velocity analysis is applied to these gathers to update the velocity model and improve the image quality. The offset-domain common-image gathers are also used directly for real mineral exploration seismic data with rugged depth migration. After several iterations of migration and updating the velocity, our procedure achieves an image quality better than the one obtained with the initial velocity model. The results can help with the interpretation of thrust faults and deep deposit exploration.
Deep learning spectral enhancement considering features of seismic field data
Authors: Choi Yonggyu , Jo Yeonghwa , Seol Soon Jee , Byun Joongmoo , Kim Young
Published: June 2021

The resolution of seismic data dictates the ability to identify individual features or details in a given image, and the temporal (vertical) resolution is a function of the frequency content of a signal. To improve thin-bed resolution, broadening of the frequency spectrum is required; this has been one of the major objectives in seismic data processing. Recently, many researchers have proposed and shown the applicability of machine-learning-based resolution enhancement and showed their applicability. However, because the performance of machine learning depends on what the model has learned, output from training data with features different from the target field data may be poor. Thus, we have developed a machine-learning-based spectral enhancement technique considering features of seismic field data. We used a convolutional U-Net model, which preserves the temporal connectivity and resolution of the input data, and we generated numerous synthetic input traces and their corresponding spectrally broadened traces for training the model. A priori information from field data, such as the estimated source wavelet and reflectivity distribution, was considered when generating the input data for complementing the field features. Using synthetic tests and field poststack seismic data examples, we showed that the trained model with a priori information outperforms the models trained without a priori information in terms of the accuracy of enhanced signals. In addition, our new spectral enhancing method was verified through the application to the high-cut-filtered data, and its promising features were evaluated through a comparison with well log data.
On the seismic response of a periodic sequence of three thin layers saturated by two-phase fluids
Authors: Santos Juan E. , Carcione José M. , Savioli Gabriela B. , Ba Jing
Published: June 2021

The conversion of fast to slow diffusion P waves in fluid-saturated porous media induces attenuation and dispersion of waves at seismic frequencies. This effect, known as wave-induced fluid flow, occurs at mesoscopic scales, which are much larger than the average pore size and much smaller than the average fast P-wave wavelength. When analyzing this mechanism in hydrocarbon reservoirs with the pore space saturated by multiphase fluids, it is important to include capillary pressure effects and flow interaction between fluids, which cause additional attenuation and velocity dispersion of P waves. We have developed a procedure to determine the phase velocities and dissipation factors in a medium composed of a periodic sequence of three poroelastic thin layers saturated by two-phase fluids. The methodology consists of applying compressibility tests to representative samples of the material, which are defined as boundary-value problems solved using a finite-element procedure. First, we analyze the case of two-phase fluid saturation on each layer, and the results are compared with those of the single-phase (effective) fluid case. Then, several cases of patchy saturation are presented, indicating that residual and wetting fluid saturation play an important role in determining the P-wave velocities and dissipation factors.
Reporting Incidences of Neuroblastoma in Various Resource Settings
Authors: van Heerden Jaques , Abraham Natasha , Schoeman Judy , Reynders David , Singh Elvira , Kruger Mariana
Published: June 2021

PURPOSE

The incidences of neuroblastoma (NB) differ significantly between various resource settings because of varying quality of cancer registries and underdiagnoses. This study aimed to evaluate current regional variations as reported by international cancer registries and the theoretical and reported differences in international NB incidences and to evaluate South Africa (SA) as a case for variable reporting.

METHODS

A comprehensive literature review on registries reporting on NB was performed to construct incidence tables. The SEER Program incidence of 10.5/million children was used to calculate the expected number of NB cases for each country. Registry data of NB cases between 2000 and 2016 were requested from The South African National Cancer registry (SA-NCR) and the South African Children's Tumour Registry (SACTR) for comparison and to perform a probabilistic linkage study.

RESULTS

Internationally, incidences varied between –97.1% and +80% compared with the SEER program. SA under-reported NB cases by an estimated 74.2%. Between 2000 and 2016, the SA-NCR reported between 23 and 51 cases/year, whereas the SACTR reported between 18 and 57 cases/year for the same period. The incidence reported by the SA-NCR varied between 1.5 and 2.8/million children under 15-year per year, whereas the SACTR reported 1.74-2.6 cases/million children. Both registries reported incidences less than high-income country. A probabilistic record linkage of the two registries resulted in a combined incidence of 2.9 cases/million children.

CONCLUSION

As with most low- and middle-income countries, SA has either a lower incidence or underdiagnoses of NB cases. The reasons for under-reporting are not clear, but can be due to undiagnosed NB cases with spontaneous regression, missed possible cases because of lack of autopsies, and diagnosed cases not recorded in registries.
Birth Cohort Trends in Health Disparities by Sexual Orientation
Authors: Liu Hui , Reczek Rin
Published: June 2021

Lesbian, gay, and bisexual-identified (LGB) people experience worse mental and physical health than their straight-identified counterparts. Given remarkable social and legal changes regarding LGB status in recent decades, we theorize that this profound health disadvantage may be changing across cohorts. Using data from the 2013–2018 National Health and Interview Surveys, we analyze five mental and physical health outcomes—psychological distress, depression, anxiety, self-rated physical health, and activity limitation—across three birth cohorts colloquially known as (1) Millennials, (2) Generation Xers, and (3) Baby Boomers and pre-Boomers. We find no evidence of reduced health disparities by sexual orientation across cohorts. Instead, relative to straight-identified respondents, the health disadvantages of gay, lesbian, and—most strikingly—bisexual-identified people have increased across cohorts. Findings highlight the importance of identifying the causes of increased health disparities as well as designing and implementing moredirect public policies and programs to eliminate health disparities among more recent LGB cohorts.
Added Value of Radiotherapy Following Neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX for Resectable and Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Janssen Quisette P. , van Dam Jacob L. , Kivits Isabelle G. , Besselink Marc G. , van Eijck Casper H. J. , Homs Marjolein Y. V. , Nuyttens Joost J. M. E. , Qi Hongchao , van Santvoort Hjalmar J. , Wei Alice C. , de Wilde Roeland F. , Wilmink Johanna W. , van Tienhoven Geertjan , Groot Koerkamp Bas
Published: June 2021

Background

The added value of radiotherapy following neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy in patients with resectable or borderline resectable pancreatic cancer ((B)RPC) is unclear. The objective of this meta-analysis was to compare outcomes of patients who received neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX alone or combined with radiotherapy.

Methods

A systematic literature search was performed in Embase, Medline (ovidSP), Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. The primary endpoint was pooled median overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints included resection rate, R0 resection rate, and other pathologic outcomes.

Results

We included 512 patients with (B)RPC from 15 studies, of which 7 were prospective nonrandomized studies. In total, 351 patients (68.6%) were treated with FOLFIRINOX alone (8 studies) and 161 patients (31.4%) were treated with FOLFIRINOX and radiotherapy (7 studies). The pooled estimated median OS was 21.6 months (range 18.4–34.0 months) for FOLFIRINOX alone and 22.4 months (range 11.0–37.7 months) for FOLFIRINOX with radiotherapy. The pooled resection rate was similar (71.9% vs. 63.1%, p = 0.43) and the pooled R0 resection rate was higher for FOLFIRINOX with radiotherapy (88.0% vs. 97.6%, p = 0.045). Other pathological outcomes (ypN0, pathologic complete response, perineural invasion) were comparable.

Conclusions

In this meta-analysis, radiotherapy following neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX was associated with an improved R0 resection rate as compared with neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX alone, but a difference in survival could not be demonstrated. Randomized trials are needed to determine the added value of radiotherapy following neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX in patients with (B)PRC.
Σχεδιασμός, Εφαρμογή και Αξιολόγηση μιας Σειράς Μαθημάτων πάνω στην Περιβαλλοντική Αγωγή Υγείας με Στόχο τον Επιστημονικό Εγγραμματισμό των Μελλοντικών Εκπαιδευτικών
Authors: Αθανασίου Κυριάκος
Published: June 2021

Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η ανάδειξη ζητημάτων Επιστημονικού Εγγραμματισμού που χαρακτηρίζουν την Ελληνική κοινωνία σε θέματα Περιβάλλοντος και Υγείας και η ανάγκη τηςενσωμάτωσης της Διδακτικής των Φυσικών Επιστημών και της Βιολογίας με την Αγωγή Υγείας καιτην Περιβαλλοντική Εκπαίδευση. Αυτό γίνεται μέσα από την παρουσίαση παραδειγμάτων από την βιβλιογραφία αλλά και από προηγούμενες προσωπικές μελέτες που καταδεικνύουν πως η συγκεκριμένη κοινωνία χαρακτηρίζεται από ένα σημαντικό έλλειμμα στον τομέα αυτό. Κάνω μία ιστορική και προσωπική αναδρομή πάνω στην ανάπτυξη του κλάδου της Περιβαλλοντικής Υγιεινής και Γενετικής και προσπαθώ να καταδείξω, την ιστορία του συγκεκριμένου κλάδου της επιστήμης, όπως είχα το προνόμιο να βιώσω και να παρακολουθήσω σχεδόν εν τη γενέσει του. Τέλος, παρουσιάζεται μία πρόταση ενός κύκλου πανεπιστημιακών μαθημάτων προσαρμοσμένου στις ανάγκες των εκπαιδευτικών καθώς και η αξιολόγησή του. Η τελευταία έγινε από ένα αριθμό 153 φοιτητών/τριών, που το βαθμολόγησαν με υψηλά σκορ στην κλίμακα Likert, φανερώνοντας την αναγκαιότητα για μια τέτοια πρόταση.
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis: a clinical case
Authors: Fleyshman A.
Published: June 2021

: Diagnosis of systemic vasculitis is difficult due to a low-symptomatic or atypical debut, as well as an insufficiently bright clinical manifestation. The article presents a clinical case of granulomatosis with polyangiitis in a young man with multiple organ symptoms, stretched over time.
CORONOVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19. MASKS (literature review)
Authors: Kireev Semen , Popov I. , Ban'kovskiy A. , Litvinenko E. , Surova E.
Published: June 2021

At the end of 2019, an outbreak of a new coronavirus infection occurred in the People's Re-public of China with an epicenter in the city of Wuhan (Hubei province). On February 11, 2020, the World Health Organization has assigned the official name of the infection caused by the new coronavirus - COVID-19 ("Coronavirus disease2019"). On February 11, 2020, the International Committee on Virus Taxonomy gave the official name to the infectious agent - SARS-CoV-2.Since the end of January 2020, cases of COVID-19 have begun to be registered in many coun-tries of the world, mainly associated with travel to the PRC. At the end of February 2020, the epidemiological situation with COVID-19 in South Korea, Iran and Italy sharply worsened, which subsequently led to a significant increase in the number of cases in other countries of the world associated with travel to these countries, incl. and in Russia. The World Health Organiza-tion announced the COVID-19 pandemic on 11 March 2020, and the pandemic's challenge to the world will remain so as long as people are not immune to it.The Regional Director of the World Health Organization Takeshi Kasai, on the basis of an epidemiological analysis, reports that the spread of coronavirus infection COVID-19 in July-August 2020 occurred mainly among people under 50 years old, and they often did not even know about it, because they had mild or no symptoms. In the future, these people then infect older people who are more difficult to tolerate COVID-19. And we need to redouble our efforts to prevent the spread of the virus in vulnerable communities.
Comparison of rehabilitation programs in patients after myocardial infarction and patients with osteoarthritis
Authors: Belyaeva Elena , Vol'nyagina A.
Published: June 2021

The restoration of working capacity and quality of life depends on the rehabilitation of patients in the postinfarction period. It is necessary to improve the complex targeted programs of rehabilitation treatment of patients with myocardial infarction, taking into account their comorbidity. Rehabilitation includes the restoration of physical performance, which is achieved by timely and adequate activation of patients, early prescription of remedial gymnastics, and later on - physiotherapy exercises (exercise therapy) under the supervision of a physician. In patients with osteoarthritis (OA), a decrease in the effectiveness of rehabilitation is possible due to functional disorders of the joints.
O MEDO, O LOCUS HORRIBILIS E O MONSTRUOSO NO CONTO “A PESTE”, DE JOÃO DO RIO
Authors: Marcos Eduardo Da Rocha , Hradec Patricia
Published: June 2021

Em pleno século XXI, a humanidade é assolada por um vírus que, em poucos meses, se espalha. Famílias inteiras são dizimadas nessa pandemia, fazendo com que as pessoas repensem sua forma de viver. A literatura, por vezes, retrata a realidade, mas também a subverte e até a adverte para os problemas do cotidiano. Assim, o conto “A Peste”, de João do Rio, dialoga com a nossa época, pois retrata a angústia e o desespero de um Rio de Janeiro, no início do século XX, enfrentando a peste de varíola. A narrativa apresenta os três elementos ligados ao Gótico: o medo, o locus horribilis e o monstruoso. Analisaremos como cada elemento está exposto no conto e para tanto usaremos teóricos como Fred Botting, David Punter e Glennys Byron para situar o gótico; também o pensamento de Júlio França será utilizado para conceituar o medo, e expor sua trajetória, além de Julia Kristeva para pensarmos no monstruoso, uma vez que a peste transforma as pessoas, aqueles que conseguiram sobreviver a ela, em abjetos. O medo e o locus horribilis acabam se tornando crescentes até culminar no monstruoso, num relato de angústia e desespero, típico da literatura gótica.
LGBTQI+, vidas precárias e necropolítica em tempos da Covid-19: a interseccionalidade e a teoria queer em cena
Authors: Duarte Marco José De Oliveira , Oliveira Dandara Felícia Silva
Published: June 2021

Tomar o rebatimento da pandemia da Covid-19 na população de lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, transexuais, travestis, transgêneros, não binários, intersexos e mais (LGBTQI+) é um desafio que vem pautando um conjunto de pesquisadoras/es, ativistas, gestoras/es etc. para seu enfrentamento. Particularmente, nesse artigo analisa-se esses efeitos a partir dos conceitos de necropolítica, vidas precárias e interseccionalidade de sexualidade, gênero, raça e classe. Os efeitos do cisheterossexismo, do racismo, da LGBTQIfobia são, em referência à lógica do capital, estruturantes e estruturais, refletindo, portanto, nas particularidades das vidas de LGBTQI+. Essa análise nos revela a importância de debater os impactos das vulnerabilidades e precariedades desses sujeitos, pois se antes já sofriam no seu cotidiano os efeitos das discriminações, preconceitos e mortes, com mais radicalidade esses elementos se impõem em contexto pandêmico. Os dados aqui tratados apontam para as condições dessas vidas precárias com mais agravamentos, principalmente, tomados pela perspectiva da interseccionalidade entre sexualidade, gênero, raça e classe social, nos marcos das desigualdades e das relações sociais necrocapitalistas e ultraliberais. Neste sentido, o artigo pretende problematizar essas questões que marcam a população LGBTQI+, como as violações, violências, opressões e mortes, a fim de apontar formas de enfrentamento e resistência em tempos de ascensão da política antidemocrática. Palavras-Chave: LGBTQIfobia; pandemia; precariedade; vulnerabilidade; necropolítica.
Pandæmonium educacional? – Para um manifesto docente contra a “distância social"
Authors: Varela Raquel , Della Santa Roberto
Published: June 2021

O ano de 2020 começou com duas convulsões socio-metabólicas (MÉSZÁROS, 2009) fulcrais: o aprofundamento da crise capitalista global e, desde meados de janeiro, a difusão planetária do novo coronavírus. Desde então, a partir de meados de março, escolas, institutos e universidades de educação básica, profissional e superior suspenderam as suas actividades e diferentes sectores estão sendo obrigados a interromper parte de seus processos produtivos e serviços, ainda que de forma desigual, no planeta. Qual deve ser a posição dos professores diante de todos esses processos e eventos histórico-mundiais? A instrução remota emergencial e a digitalização dos processos de aprendizagem estarão escritas nas estrelas de nosso destino colectivo? Será que o desenvolvimento físico e psíquico de crianças e jovens passará incólume? Podem os saberes objectivos serem reduzidos a descriptores de competências? Qual dever ser o papel das tecnologias de informação na educação pública? Existe alguma alternativa hegemônica viável a esta nova distopia educacional 4.0? O que fazer? E por onde começar? Palavras-Chave: pedagogia histórico-crítica; o ato docente na era de sua reprodutibilidade técnica; educação a distância; educação como mercadoria; pandemia do novo coronavírus.
Assistentes Sociais na vanguarda da pandemia da COVID-19: tensionamentos e resistências
Authors: Da Silva Ana Paula Cardoso , Rangel Luciane Barbosa do Amaral
Published: June 2021

O presente texto se propõe precipuamente a homenagear aos/às Assistentes Sociais que estão na linha de frente de atuação nas diversas políticas públicas no cenário de crise estrutural do capital, acentuado com os limites e os desafios trazidos diante da conjuntura pandêmica do novo coronavírus, em especial, às profissionais que perderam a vida neste período no exercício de suas funções. Serão abordados alguns tensionamentos e estratégias de resistência enfrentados nos cotidianos dos espaços sócio-ocupacionais, sobretudo, nas políticas de Saúde e de Assistência Social. Palavras-chave: Exercício Profissional; Resistência; Pandemia; Políticas Públicas.
Crise e Pandemia
Authors: Guimarães Karoline Claudino
Published: June 2021

Resenha de MASCARO, A. L. Crise e Pandemia. Coleção Crise Pandemia. São Paulo: Editora Boitempo, 2020.
Regional periodicals as a source on the history of stock exchange development of Ukraine in the second half of the XIX –early XX centuries
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Altukhov Oleksii
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes information materials related to the development of the exchange business of Dnieper Ukraine in the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries, which in the period under study were published in the regional press of Odessa and Kyiv. The author notes that one of the least covered aspects in the study of the process of development of capitalist relations in Dnieper Ukraine in the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries. the activity of the leading exchange institutions in this period remains. The article notes that the mass of information that was published in the columns of the then regional periodicals, especially those that were published in the leading stock exchange centers of Ukraine, is practically out of the attention of Ukrainian scientists. The purpose of this article is to fill this gap and introduce into scientific circulation Ukrainian regional periodicals, which considered certain aspects of the activities of exchange institutions. As a result of the study, the author came to the conclusion that regional periodicals are a valuable source on the history of formation and development of stock exchange business in Ukraine in the second half of the nineteenth – early twentieth century. However, it is noted that the use of this type of documentary material in the process of scientific research requires the scientist to understand the important factors that influenced the submission of materials and their characteristics. First, it is important to determine the degree of interaction of a particular publication, which dealt with stock exchange affairs, with state and provincial authorities. If the official newspapers and magazines, as a rule, did not reveal the shortcomings of the current exchange system, the private press often contained critical articles on this issue. That is why a full-fledged study of the development of the stock market on the basis of the use of periodicals is possible only through a combination of different in nature and origin of publications. The author notes that each of the characterized sources has a different information potential and saturation. The analyzed materials cover various aspects of the development of stock exchange business in Ukraine in the study period. Therefore, a comprehensive combination of the entire layer of documentary materials is important for the full disclosure of the problem under study.
Humor and satire in the relationship between the Ukrainian people and the clergy (historical and source analysis)
Authors:   Lugansk Regional Institute of Postgraduate Education, Korotkova Оlena
Published: June 2021

Fundamental differences in the value categories of the Ukrainian people and the clergy have a long history. The specific attitude of the people to the representatives of the elite clerical caste of society in different historical periods had many contradictions. Ukrainians have deep respect for traditional religious cults for a long time, but openly mocked and distrusted church and clergy. At a time of growing anti-feudal popular sentiments, the clergy became an unconditional example of negative social behavior and the embodiment of a rigid state exploitative policy in the people's consciousness. Popular protest manifested itself in satirical and humorous folklore – fairy tales, fables, stories, parodies, jokes. Representatives of the clergy appeared in folklore in the form of greedy priests, prone to drunkenness and brawls, deacons who spent working and free time in the inn and at the gaming table. Folk artists sharply ridiculed the ignorance of priests and their unwillingness to perform their direct duties. The problems of the relationship between the clergy and the peasantry and its coverage in folklore were covered in ancient chronicles, stories, scientific and ethnographic publications of prominent researchers and representatives of the literary elite. In the XIX – early XX century most periodicals paid much attention to the publication of folk tales, jokes, poetic stories. For example, outstanding masterpieces of folk humor were „The Lamentation of the Kiev Monks”, which was first published in 1881 in the magazine „Russian Antiquity” and „Poem about Father Negrebetsky”, which was published in the „Notes of the NTSh” in 1905. humorous works are published in multi-volume books by P. Chubynsky, ethnographic collections by M. Dikaryov, collections by the outstanding philologist B. Hrynchenko, „Notes of NTSh” edited by I. Franko, etc. A large layer of folk anti-clerical humor was preserved in the form of folk jokes, the heroes of which were clumsy priests and uneducated flocks. Folk playgrounds and performances of „merrymakers” and buffoons were perceived by the priesthood as manifestations of demons. They violated the sacred dogmas of the church, and therefore were subject to destruction. But attempts to destroy the satirical and humorous folk tradition led to completely opposite results – laughter became a sharp weapon for the people, able to resist oppression and violence.
The “Luhansk Region” volume of the multivolume “History of Cities and Villages of the Ukrainian SSR”: features of preparation
Authors:   National Preserve ", Chernyakhivska Olena ,   Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra"
Published: June 2021

The paper deals with problems and process of preparation of the “Luhansk Region” volume as part of the unique encyclopedic project “The History of Cities and Villages of the Ukrainian SSR” in 26 volumes. The study is based on the documents of the central Ukrainian archives. The author focuses on the fact that due to the coordinated professional work of the regional executors of the project, the volume was prepared in a very short terms compared with the overwhelming majority of the volumes on other Ukrainian regions. After all, starting from 1967 to 1968 only 5 from the 26 volumes (that were planned according to the “On the publication of the history of cities and villages of the Ukrainian SSR” Decree of the Central Committee of the Ukr. SSR Communist Party on the May 29, 1962) were published. In addition, the publication of all the volumes had to be devoted to the 50th anniversary of the “Great October” (November, 7, 1967). It is worth emphasizing that initially the Main editorial board of the project did not considered the “Luhansk Region” volume to be among first volumes to be published. However, in the preparatory process, the order and timing of the publication of volumes differed from the planned due to various objective and subjective reasons, and the last book of the Ukrainian-language version of the project, namely the “Crimean Region” volume was published in 1974 only. The author on the example of the Luhansk volume creation has showed the character of that reasons. They were uncovered at the meetings of the “History of cities and villages of the Ukrainian SSR” Main editorial board and of the “History of cities and villages of the Ukrainian SSR” department of the Institute of History of the Ukr. SSR Academy of Sciences during discussions on various stages of the volume creation and scientific problems regarding the writing of texts. The positive role of the State Archives of the Luhansk region’s and the regional editorial board’s management in its preparation has been highlighted. The difficulty to create both the introductory article and essays about the settlements of the region was that it was formed from the territories that had been previously parts of other regional entities. Therefore, the authors not only studied a large number of literature, including the pre-revolutionary, but worked a lot in various Ukrainian and Russian archives to collect information. It happened due to the organizational support and promotion of the regional party Committee that seriously attributed to the intensive and successful process of the volume preparation.
Effects of Light Intensity and Photoperiod on the Growth Performance of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems
Authors: Ye Lin , Zhang Yadong , Zhao Jian , Zhao Xia , Li Jianshe , Ye Zhangying
Published: June 2021

Highlights

Light design is needed in recirculating aquaculture systems.

A long photoperiod is beneficial to largemouth bass growth.

Low light intensity is beneficial to largemouth bass growth.

Abstract. In this study, recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) were used to culture juvenile largemouth bass, and the effects of LED light intensity and photoperiod on the survival and growth performance of juvenile largemouth bass were studied. In the light intensity experiment, largemouth bass juveniles with an initial weight of 0.53 ±0.02 g were subjected to a two-month feeding experiment under two different light intensities: group A, at 0.5 W m-2 in the first month and 5 W m-2 in the second month; and group B, at 5 W m-2 in the first month and 0.5 W m-2 in the second month. The results showed that in the first month of the experiment, the growth rate of fry was faster in group A than in group B. After changing the light intensity, the weight of the fry in group B after one month of growth had exceeded and was significantly higher than that in group A. Based on the above experimental results, we conducted a photoperiod experiment. Largemouth bass juveniles with an initial weight of 0.56 ±0.02 g were cultured for two months under four different photoperiods (24L:0D, 16L:8D, 8L:16D, and 0L:24D). The light intensity of the four groups was 0.5 W m-2. The fry growth rate was fastest in the 24L:0D photoperiod group and slowest in the 0L:24D photoperiod group. The growth rate of the 24L:0D photoperiod group was significantly higher than that of the 0L:24D photoperiod group (p < 0.05). The final fry weight was highest in the 24L:0D group, followed by that in the 16L:8D group and 8L:16D group, with the lowest weight observed in the 0L:24D group (p < 0.05). Although the different light conditions in the two experiments had no significant effect on the survival rate of juvenile largemouth bass (p > 0.05), a low-intensity light environment with a continuous photoperiod during the juvenile largemouth bass culture process promoted growth and development. Keywords: Growth, Largemouth bass, Light intensity, Photoperiod, RAS.
Desde vistas densamente llenas hasta la ciudad vacía de Piazzas. Imágenes que interpretan los dinamismos oscilantes de la realidad urbana
Authors: Somhegyi Zoltán
Published: June 2021

Cities have been inspirational for the creators of visual art works long since, first as mere secondary, additional motifs to indicate the “urban” environment of the main scene, then as subject-matters in their own right. Those images could depict both imaginary and actual cities of the past and of the future, including mythological and Biblical locations, documenting distant lands and fantasizing on the appearance of utopian cities. In some of these aspects, the history of city representations shares significant similarities with the history of landscape depictions. In the present paper, however, I aim to focus on a curious and particular detail in this pictorial tradition. Following and further investigating a brief reflection by Michel Makarius from his 2004 book on Ruins, I would like to compare the visuality and aesthetic effects of dense and empty cityscapes, of which two classical examples could be the capriccios – imaginary views of cities completely filled with aesthetically pleasing elements, including magnificent remnants of the Antique heritage – and representations of cities in which their emptiness is highlighted to such extent that the observer tends to assume that the real subject-matter of the image is not the city, its buildings, forms and physical components but exactly its being “empty”. These “extremities” on the broad range of cityscapes, i.e., the densely-filled and the extremely depopulated are, however, not merely historical sub-genres of long-gone centuries. These typologies have survived to this day, in various versions and with diverse accents; what’s more, they seem to be more relevant than ever in understanding not only the nature of these artistic representations and their aesthetic references, but also in learning more of our contemporary reality itself. It is enough to think of the numerous ways in which artists approach the convoluted issues and challenges of urban life today, with the classical references and visual vocabulary in mind, either unconsciously creating occasional parallels or using them as explicit forerunners to their own works. The density of the global megapolises are represented in artistically novel ways often with socially critical overtones, while the images of empty cities – not long ago, for example, during the recent pandemics and lockdowns – are again resulting in aesthetically inspiring and insightful works incentivizing us to reflect on the oscillating dynamisms of our present urban realities. Therefore, it is particularly beneficial to observe such renderings of our cities and hence to raise more our awareness of the multiple global issues that are often very strongly manifested in the everyday life in large metropolises. Pieces of art thematising the extreme forms of city life can become very efficient ways of constantly reminding us of our duties of taking care of both our cities and our life.
Coal and gangue identification method based on the intensity image of lidar and DenseNet
Authors: Xing Jichuan , Zhao Zimo , Wang Yaozhi , Nie Liang , Du Xian
Published: June 2021

Coal and gangue (rock) identification is the essential process in a coal preparation
plant. In an actual coal preparation plant, the existing
classification methods have many disadvantages in safety and
identification rate. We utilized the echo intensity image (EII) of
lidar for coal and gangue identification for the first time, to the
best of our knowledge, and achieved outstanding recognition results
with a convolutional neural network. First, we acquire the information
of the 3D point cloud, including the distance and the echo intensity,
and decompose them into two channels. Then, we utilize the distance
channel to remove the background noises and separate the object and
the echo intensity channel to construct the 2D EII. Finally, we prune
the dense convolutional network (DenseNet-121) to DenseNet-40 for the
real-time identification and compare its F1 score with the other two
traditional recognition algorithms. The experiment shows that the F1
score of the DenseNet-40 is up to 0.96, which indicates the
DenseNet-40 is provably higher than other traditional algorithms in
accuracy. Through trial and error, we find that the echo intensity of
lidar can clearly show the texture information of coal and gangue.
After combining with the DenseNet-40, it has more benefits than the
existing classification methods in accuracy, efficiency, and
robustness.
Cryogenic spectrometer for measuring the far-IR to millimeter-wave absorptivity of cosmic analog dusts
Authors: Perera T. A. , Zhang R. , Liu L.-J. , Schonert R. K. , Phan B. , Nam S. M. , Dorsey R. , Lopez K. , North K. C. , Ussery C. , Roesner R. A.
Published: June 2021

We report on the design, construction, and performance of a custom
apparatus built to measure the frequency- and temperature-dependent
absorptivity of millimeter-wave light by cosmic analog dusts. We
highlight the unique challenges faced as well as a few key innovations
that are part of the instrument. Among those is an ultra-compact
Fourier transform spectrometer. We have measured its effective
frequency range and FWHM resolution to be 150–2100 GHz and

∼

45

G
H
z

, respectively. Another innovation is
a cold sample positioner whose temperature can be controlled within
the range of 3.7–50 K. The use of a pulse-tube cryocooler results in a
pulse-synchronous signal that dominates the detector (bolometer)
signal. Methods used to address that challenge are also
presented.
Towards personalized and versatile monitoring of temperature fields within heterogeneous tissues during laser therapies
Authors: Kosir Jure , Vella Daniele , Lukac Matjaz , Jezersek Matija
Published: June 2021

Advancements in medical laser technology have paved the way for its widespread acceptance in a variety of treatments and procedures. Selectively targeting particular tissue structures with minimally invasive procedures limits the damage to surrounding tissue and allows for reduced post-procedural downtime. In many treatments that are hyperthermia-based, the efficiency depends on the achieved temperature within the targeted tissues. Current approaches for monitoring subdermal temperature distributions are either invasive, complex, or offer inadequate spatial resolution. Numerical studies are often therapy-tailored and source tissue parameters from the literature, lacking versatility and a tissue-specific approach. Here, we show a protocol that estimates the temperature distribution within the tissue based on a thermographic recording of its surface temperature evolution. It couples a time-dependent matching algorithm and thermal-diffusion-based model, while recognizing tissue-specific characteristics yielded by a fast calibration process. The protocol was employed during hyperthermic laser treatment performed ex-vivo on a heterogeneous porcine tissue, and in-vivo on a human subject. In both cases the calibrated thermal parameters correlate with the range of values reported by other studies. The matching algorithm sufficiently reproduced the temperature dynamics of heterogeneous tissue. The estimated temperature distributions within ex-vivo tissue were validated by simultaneous reference measurements, and the ones estimated in-vivo reveal a distribution trend that correlates well with similar studies. The presented method is versatile, supported by the protocol for tissue-specific tailoring, and can readily be implemented for temperature monitoring of various hyperthermia-based procedures by means of recording the surface temperature evolution with a miniature thermal camera implemented within a handheld laser scanner or similar.
Investigation into the impact of the recovery time of a saturable absorber for stable dissipative soliton generation in Yb-doped fiber lasers
Authors: Lee Jinho , Kwon Suhyoung , Zhao Luming , Lee Ju Han
Published: June 2021

In this study, we conduct a numerical evaluation of the impact of the recovery time of a saturable absorber (SA) on the output performance of an Yb-doped fiber laser operating in the dissipative soliton regime. Particularly, we evaluate the output pulse characteristics, such as the pulse width, spectral bandwidth, pulse peak power, and pulse energy depending on the change in recovery time. Applying a too-slow SA recovery time above a certain critical value is shown to make the output pulse unstable and broken. Furthermore, we demonstrate that there is an optimum recovery time range for stable dissipative soliton pulse generation, depending on the cavity dispersion and modulation depth of the SA. Further, we perform an additional numerical simulation of the pulse compression to demonstrate the relationship between the output dechirped pulse width and SA recovery time. The optimum approach for the generation of the shortest dechirped pulses in the dissipative soliton regime will be to construct a fiber laser cavity with a small normal cavity group velocity dispersion and use an SA with an appropriate recovery time.
Tunable Doppler shift using a time-varying epsilon-near-zero thin film near 1550  nm
Authors: Liu Cong , Alam M. Zahirul , Pang Kai , Manukyan Karapet , Hendrickson Joshua R. , Smith Evan M. , Zhou Yiyu , Reshef Orad , Song Hao , Zhang Runzhou , Song Haoqian , Alishahi Fatemeh , Fallahpour Ahmad , Almaiman Ahmed , Boyd Robert W. , Tur Moshe , Willner Alan E.
Published: June 2021

We experimentally investigate the tunable Doppler shift in an 80 nm thick indium-tin-oxide (ITO) film at its epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) region. Under strong and pulsed excitation, ITO exhibits a time-varying change in the refractive index. A maximum frequency redshift of 1.8 THz is observed in the reflected light when the pump light has a peak intensity of

∼

140

G
W

/

c
m

2

and a pulse duration of

∼

580

f
s

, at an incident angle of 40°. The frequency shift increases with the increase in pump intensity and saturates at the intensity of

∼

140

G
W

/

c
m

2

. When the pump pulse duration increases from

∼

580

f
s

to

∼

1380

f
s

, the maximum attainable frequency shift decreases from 1.8 THz to 0.7 THz. In addition, the pump energy required to saturate the frequency shift decreases with the increase in pump pulse duration for

∼

x

<

1

p
s

and remains unchanged for

∼

x

>

1

p
s

durations. Tunability exists among the pump pulse energy, duration, and incident angle for the Doppler shift of the ITO-ENZ material, which can be employed to design efficient frequency shifters for telecom applications.
SDImpute: A statistical block imputation method based on cell-level and gene-level information for dropouts in single-cell RNA-seq data
Authors: Qi Jing , Zhou Yang , Zhao Zicen , Jin Shuilin
Published: June 2021

The single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies obtain gene expression at single-cell resolution and provide a tool for exploring cell heterogeneity and cell types. As the low amount of extracted mRNA copies per cell, scRNA-seq data exhibit a large number of dropouts, which hinders the downstream analysis of the scRNA-seq data. We propose a statistical method, SDImpute (Single-cell RNA-seq Dropout Imputation), to implement block imputation for dropout events in scRNA-seq data. SDImpute automatically identifies the dropout events based on the gene expression levels and the variations of gene expression across similar cells and similar genes, and it implements block imputation for dropouts by utilizing gene expression unaffected by dropouts from similar cells. In the experiments, the results of the simulated datasets and real datasets suggest that SDImpute is an effective tool to recover the data and preserve the heterogeneity of gene expression across cells. Compared with the state-of-the-art imputation methods, SDImpute improves the accuracy of the downstream analysis including clustering, visualization, and differential expression analysis.
Adaptive versus maladaptive cardiac remodelling in response to sustained β-adrenergic stimulation in a new ‘ISO on/off model’
Authors: Werhahn Stefanie Maria , Kreusser Julia S. , Hagenmüller Marco , Beckendorf Jan , Diemert Nathalie , Hoffmann Sophia , Schultz Jobst-Hendrik , Backs Johannes , Dewenter Matthias
Published: June 2021

On the one hand, sustained β-adrenergic stress is a hallmark of heart failure (HF) and exerts maladaptive cardiac remodelling. On the other hand, acute β-adrenergic stimulation maintains cardiac function under physiological stress. However, it is still incompletely understood to what extent the adaptive component of β-adrenergic signaling contributes to the maintenance of cardiac function during chronic β-adrenergic stress. We developed an experimental catecholamine-based protocol to distinguish adaptive from maladaptive effects. Mice were for 28 days infused with 30 mg/kg body weight/day isoproterenol (ISO) by subcutaneously implanted osmotic minipumps (‘ISO on’). In a second and third group, ISO infusion was stopped after 26 days and the mice were observed for additional two or seven days without further ISO infusion (‘ISO off short’, ‘ISO off long’). In this setup, ‘ISO on’ led to cardiac hypertrophy and slightly improved cardiac contractility. In stark contrast, ‘ISO off’ mice displayed progressive worsening of left ventricular ejection fraction that dropped down below 40%. While fetal and pathological gene expression (increase in Nppa, decrease in Myh6/Myh7 ratios, increase in Xirp2) was not induced in ‘ISO on’, it was activated in ‘ISO off’ mice. After ISO withdrawal, phosphorylation of phospholamban (PLN) at the protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation site Ser-16 dropped down to 20% as compared to only 50% at the Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) phosphorylation site Thr-17 in ‘ISO off’ mice. PKA-dependent cardioprotective production of the N-terminal proteolytic product of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4-NT) was reduced in ‘ISO off’ as compared to ‘ISO on’. Taken together, these data indicate that chronic ISO infusion induces besides maladaptive remodelling also adaptive PKA signalling to maintain cardiac function. The use of the ‘ISO on/off’ model will further enable the separation of the underlying adaptive from maladaptive components of β-adrenergic signalling and may help to better define and test therapeutic targets downstream of β-adrenergic receptors.
Comparison of dual-energy computer tomography and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI for evaluating lung perfusion defects in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Moher Alsady Tawfik , Kaireit Till F. , Behrendt Lea , Winther Hinrich B. , Olsson Karen M. , Wacker Frank , Hoeper Marius M. , Cebotari Serghei , Vogel-Claussen Jens
Published: June 2021

Objectives

To evaluate the agreement in detecting pulmonary perfusion defects in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension using dual-energy CT and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Second, to compare both imaging modalities in monitoring lung perfusion changes in these patients after undergoing pulmonary endarterectomy.

Methods

20 patients were examined with CT and MRI before and/or after pulmonary endarterectomy. Estimated perfusion defect percentage from both modalities was compared in a lobe-based analysis. Spatial agreement of perfusion defect maps was also assessed.

Results

A significant correlation between CT and MRI based perfusion defect percentage was calculated in all lung lobes (r > 0.78; p < 0.001). In addition, a good spatial agreement between perfusion defect maps was found (mean spatial overlap for the whole lung was 68.2%; SD = 6.9). Both CT and MRI detected improvements in pulmonary perfusion after pulmonary endarterectomy: 8% and 7% decrease in whole lung perfusion defect percentage (p = 0.007 and 0.004), respectively. In a lobe-wise analysis, improvements were statistically significant only in lower lobes using both modalities (reduction in defect percentage ranged from 16–29%; p < 0.02).

Conclusions

Dual-energy CT is an alternative to MRI in monitoring chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Both imaging modalities provided comparable estimations of perfusion defects and could detect similar improvement in lung perfusion after pulmonary endarterectomy.
Decreased wheat production in the USA from climate change driven by yield losses rather than crop abandonment
Authors: Obembe Oladipo S. , Hendricks Nathan P. , Tack Jesse
Published: June 2021

An increase in global average surface temperature over the 21st century will affect food production. There is still uncertainty if the source of the production losses caused by climate change could be driven either by lower yield or reduced area harvested. We use county-level production data on winter wheat coupled with fine-scale weather outcomes between 1981-2007 to examine the impact of climate change on winter wheat production in Kansas. We decompose the total impact of weather variables through both the yield and harvested acreage channels. We find that an insignificant portion—both in terms of magnitude and statistical significance—of the production losses are due to reduced harvested acres (i.e., crop abandonment). The proportion harvested only account for 14.88% and 21.71% of the total damages under RCPs 4.5 and 8.5 and neither effect is statistically significant. An implication of this result implies that studies that only examine climate impacts on harvested yields are not significantly underestimating the climate change impacts on production.