bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early outcomes of Sun’s procedure in elderly patients with acute aortic dissection: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Zhong Liang , Xiong Hongyan , Li Jing , He Yong , Zhou Heping
Published: June 2022

Objective

The effect of patient age on the outcome of Sun’s procedure for acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) remains controversial. We retrospectively investigated the early outcomes of Sun’s procedure in elderly patients with ATAAD in our single center.

Methods

This study involved 106 patients who underwent Sun’s procedure. The patients were divided into the elderly group (≥70 years, n = 17) and younger group (<70 years). Baseline, intraoperative, and postoperative data were compared between the groups.

Results

The mean age in the elderly and younger groups was 75.7 and 50.7 years, respectively. The type of aortic root operations were not significantly different between the groups. Concomitant surgeries were more frequently performed in the elderly group, but without statistical significance. All intraoperative cardiopulmonary bypass variables as well as the in-hospital and 30-day mortality rates were similar between the groups. The incidences of most postoperative complications were also similar except for a higher incidence of sepsis in the elderly group.

Conclusions

Emergency performance of Sun’s procedure for patients with ATAAD characterized by dissection and/or entry tear in the aortic arch should not be denied on the basis of advanced age alone. Comparable early in-hospital outcomes can be achieved in elderly patients.
Analyzing Access to Health Facilities by Road Using Unconventional Data Sources
Authors: Khazi-Syed Afeefah , Pecherskiy Maksim , Krambeck Holly
Published: June 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an urgent need in emerging economies to quickly identify vulnerable populations that do not live within access of a health facility for testing and vaccination. This access information is critical to prioritize investments in mobile and temporary clinics. To meet this need, the World Bank team sought to develop an open-source methodology that could be quickly and easily implemented by government health departments, regardless of technical and data collection capacity. The team explored use of readily available open-source and licensable data, as well as non-intensive computational methodologies. By bringing together population data from Facebook’s Data for Good program, travel-time calculations from Mapbox, road network and point-of-interest data from the OpenStreetMap (OSM), and the World Bank’s open-source GOSTNets network routing tools, we created a computational framework that supports efficient and granular analysis of road-based access to health facilities in two pilot locations—Indonesia and the Philippines. Our findings align with observed health trends in these countries and support identification of high-density areas that lack sufficient road access to health facilities. Our framework is easy to replicate, allowing health officials and infrastructure planners to incorporate access analysis in pandemic response and future health access planning.
On Heterogenous Sampling Rates in Origin–Destination Matrix Estimation Based on Trajectory Data and Link Counts
Authors: Leurent Fabien , Sun Danyang , Xie Xiaoyan
Published: June 2022

Being a fundamental metric of the transportation network, the origin–destination (O-D) flow matrix is a critical input for various transportation models and studies. This paper deals with the estimation of an O-D matrix of trip flows based on two kinds of data: probe trajectory data and local traffic counts. A Bayesian assignment framework is developed for demonstrating the relationship between the link probe sampling rates and the fractional contributions from the sampling rates on different O-D pairs. The unknown O-D matrix is estimated by applying cross entropy minimization using a prior matrix from the probe trajectories, along with the Bayesian assignment rules on link sample rates as the constraints. The methodology was applied using floating car data and camera link flow counts for a numerical experiment. The results show that the method can achieve a robust estimation of O-D matrices, even using different prior matrices. The issue of the heterogeneous sampling rates can be well addressed with link count constraints, effectively correcting the unknown bias in the probe sampling. The case study using real data also proves the feasibility of mining observed trajectory data to obtain the assignment fractions and estimate the O-D matrix inversely, avoiding the conventional sophisticated process of traffic assignment modeling.
Mahatma and Mahamana: Agreement within Differences
Authors: Jha Bhuwan Kumar
Published: June 2022

Mahatma Gandhi and Mahamana Malaviya were the two giants of the Indian public life, leading the national movement in their own ways, largely together, and at times through different paths. By the time Gandhi came back to India in January 1915, having proven himself as a Satyagrahi and crusader against oppression, Malaviya had established himself as a leading light of the national movement, a great patriot who was also committed to the cause of Sanatanism and Hindu unity. Both knew about the activities of each other with Malaviya vocally supporting Gandhi’s Satyagraha in South Africa, his struggle for securing equal rights for Asian immigrants and putting in a combined endeavour in fighting the laws related to indentured labour. From 1916 onwards began a long journey of camaraderie that spanned beyond the temporary hiccups reflected at times in the differences of methods to be followed in the anti-imperialist struggle. Gandhi was enamoured by Malaviya’s ascetically simple life, his patriotism, his devotion to swadeshi, his will to mitigate the evils of untouchability and his ability to mobilise funds for the cause that lay close to his heart, while Malaviya showed strong faith in Gandhi’s selfless struggle to achieve Swaraj, his desire to unify people, his emphasis on indigenous handicraft industries, and leading the movement for eradication of untouchability. Notwithstanding the temporary strains owing mainly to Malaviya’s non-conformism to the idea of boycott in the non-cooperation movement or his disenchantment with Congress’s position of neutrality on Communal Award, they continued to share an extremely warm relationship.
Book review: Religion, Community and Nation: Hindu Consciousness and Nationalism in Colonial Punjab
Authors: Banerjee Himadri
Published: June 2022

K. L. Tuteja, Religion, Community and Nation: Hindu Consciousness and Nationalism in Colonial Punjab. Delhi: Indian Institute of Advanced Study and Primus Books, 2021, 386 pp., ₹1,250, ISBN: 9789390737857 (Hardback).
Book review: Harsh Mahaan Cairae, An Aryan Journey
Authors: Shinde Vasant
Published: June 2022

Harsh Mahaan Cairae, An Aryan Journey, New Delhi: Rupa Publication, 2019 (Second Impression), ₹495, ISBN: 9788129132581.
Book review: Alan Jaffreys, The Indian Army in the First World War
Authors: Thapliyal U. P.
Published: June 2022

Alan Jaffreys, The Indian Army in the First World War, Delhi: Primus Books, 2019, 313 pp., ₹1,295, ISBN: 9789352906208.
Beyond Simple Mean Differences: Analysis of Sex Similarities and Differences in Academic Achievement With the Kaufman Tests of Educational Achievement, Third Edition
Authors: Reynolds Matthew R. , Izzo James R. , Schultz Regan C.
Published: June 2022

Simple mean differences summarized in meta-analyses do not always adequately describe sex similarities and differences. We investigated sex similarities and differences in academic achievement test scores during childhood and adolescence multiple ways based on composite and subtest scores from the Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement (Third edition) norming sample. Sex differences in means were investigated across achievement domains and ability levels. Test score variance and percentages of scores at different parts of score distributions were also compared across sex. The largest and most consistent sex differences were female advantages in writing tests: Larger advantages were found in more complex writing tasks. Females also showed consistent advantages in silent reading fluency. Males demonstrated advantages in math problem solving that emerged at the average ability level. Females were more likely to be high achievers in reading fluency and written expression, whereas males were more likely to be low achievers in reading fluency and aspects of writing, and very low achievers in word recognition, word recognition fluency, and reading vocabulary. Males were more likely to be high achievers in math problem solving. Analysis that goes beyond simple mean differences reveals important sex differences regarding academic achievement, and theories should account for overall patterns of academic achievement similarities and differences.
Varieties of Misrecognition: Connecting Bourdieu and Fanon toward an Analysis of Racialized Islamic Fields
Authors: Parvez Z. Fareen
Published: June 2022

This article explains variations in misrecognition of domination among the racialized subaltern. I draw on a comparative analysis of the fields of Islam in France and India, informed by the work of Bourdieu and Fanon. I first argue that Bourdieu’s concept of the religious field provides a crucial reframing of the Islamic field whereby religious judgments represent classification struggles over legitimate Islam. Second, I approach misrecognition in the field by distinguishing the field’s discourse from its doxa. I argue that misrecognition varies according to the degree of (1) subaltern minority integration into educational institutions and (2) proximity of the subaltern to the dominant classes. I bring in the work of Fanon, whose writings on the psychological effects of racial domination are a crucial complement to a Bourdieusian analysis. Together, they provide a more refined understanding of misrecognition in racialized religious fields and, in turn, potential for political resistance.
Hitting back or holding back in cyberspace: Experimental evidence regarding Americans’ responses to cyberattacks
Authors: Leal Marcelo M , Musgrave Paul
Published: June 2022

Theorists offer many predictions about how Americans will respond to significant cyberattacks but systematic evaluations of American public opinion regarding these issues remain rare. We present results from a conjoint experiment and find that the public supports retaliation-in-kind against cyberattacks but is willing to escalate as the economic damage and human casualties of a hypothetical attack mount. Respondents support harsher retaliation after attacks carried out by terrorist groups or state agencies rather than those conducted by individuals or civilian hackers. Finally, the dynamics of the public's judgment regarding responses to a domestic or an international cyber attack are broadly similar.
Evaluation of the grinding process utilizing an auxiliary compressed air jet on cleaning the grinding wheel surface
Authors: Hatami Farzaneh Omid , Adibi Hamed , Rezaei Seyed Mehdi
Published: June 2022

Grinding is one of the most complex and precise machining operations, with the performance of the grinding wheel being heavily reliant on its surface conditions. Removed chips tend to be forced back to the wheel surface due to the intense heat generated in the grinding zone. The loaded chips block the wheel's grinding capability, resulting in increased grinding force and temperature, wheel chatter, and workpiece thermal degradation. To solve these problems, this research examines the effectiveness of an auxiliary compressed air jet system during the grinding of spk tool steel with an alumina grinding wheel to clean the wheel surface of lodged chips and then the percentage of wheel loading for different tests will also be evaluated. The compressed air nozzle was examined from a variety of perspectives (0, 30, 45, and 60). Grinding with and without a cleaning system, as well as conventional cutting fluid, were also employed as comparisons. In certain output results, input parameters such as grinding wheel speed (20 m/s), cutting depth (20 m), and feed rate (100 mm/s) were maintained constant. When compared to other experiments with different cleaning nozzles, the optimal inclination angle of 45°, which allows the maximum air to reach the interface between the wheel surface and chips, removed chips by pushing them off the wheel surface. Other cleaning nozzles, such as 0°, 30°, and 60°, were less successful. The incidence angle of 45° produced the best results in terms of surface roughness, diametrical grinding wheel wear, G-ratio, tangential forces, specific energy, and wheel loading analysis. Image processing was used to detect and identify chips accumulated between abrasive grains on the wheel surface. To better understand the structure of the wheel and workpiece surface, optical and scanning electron microscopy pictures were taken and analyzed. This research adds to our understanding of the grinding wheel loading mechanism and its dynamics.
The Relational Wear and Tear of Everyday Racism Among African American Couples
Authors: Ong Anthony D. , Urganci Betul , Burrow Anthony L. , DeHart Tracy
Published: June 2022

The wear and tear of adapting to chronic stressors such as racism and discrimination can have detrimental effects on mental and physical health. Here, we investigated the wider implications of everyday racism for relationship quality in an adult sample of 98 heterosexual African American couples. Participants reported on their experiences of racial discrimination and positive and negative affect for 21 consecutive evenings. Using dyadic analyses, we found that independently of age, gender, marital status, income, racial-discrimination frequency, neuroticism, and mean levels of affect, participants’ relationship quality was inversely associated with their partner’s negative affective reactivity to racial discrimination. Associations did not vary by gender, suggesting that the effects of affective reactivity were similar for men and women. These findings highlight the importance of a dyadic approach and call for further research examining the role of everyday racism as a key source of stress in the lives of African American couples.
Therapeutic Potential of Astrocyte Transplantation
Authors: Hastings Nataly , Kuan Wei-Li , Osborne Andrew , Kotter Mark R. N.
Published: June 2022

Cell transplantation is an attractive treatment strategy for a variety of brain disorders, as it promises to replenish lost functions and rejuvenate the brain. In particular, transplantation of astrocytes has come into light recently as a therapy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); moreover, grafting of astrocytes also showed positive results in models of other conditions ranging from neurodegenerative diseases of older age to traumatic injury and stroke. Despite clear differences in etiology, disorders such as ALS, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and Huntington’s diseases, as well as traumatic injury and stroke, converge on a number of underlying astrocytic abnormalities, which include inflammatory changes, mitochondrial damage, calcium signaling disturbance, hemichannel opening, and loss of glutamate transporters. In this review, we examine these convergent pathways leading to astrocyte dysfunction, and explore the existing evidence for a therapeutic potential of transplantation of healthy astrocytes in various models. Existing literature presents a wide variety of methods to generate astrocytes, or relevant precursor cells, for subsequent transplantation, while described outcomes of this type of treatment also differ between studies. We take technical differences between methodologies into account to understand the variability of therapeutic benefits, or lack thereof, at a deeper level. We conclude by discussing some key requirements of an astrocyte graft that would be most suitable for clinical applications.
From Semantic Vectors to Analogical Mapping
Authors: Holyoak Keith J. , Ichien Nicholas , Lu Hongjing
Published: June 2022

Human reasoning goes beyond knowledge about individual entities, extending to inferences based on relations between entities. Here we focus on the use of relations in verbal analogical mapping, sketching a general approach based on assessing similarity between patterns of semantic relations between words. This approach combines research in artificial intelligence with work in psychology and cognitive science, with the aim of minimizing hand coding of text inputs for reasoning tasks. The computational framework takes as inputs vector representations of individual word meanings, coupled with semantic representations of the relations between words, and uses these inputs to form semantic-relation networks for individual analogues. Analogical mapping is operationalized as graph matching under cognitive and computational constraints. The approach highlights the central role of semantics in analogical mapping.
Exploring HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Impairment in the Era of Effective Antiretroviral Therapy: A Primary Healthcare Perspective
Authors: Munsami Adele , Nightingale Sam , Sorsdahl Katherine , Joska John A.
Published: June 2022

The prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment (H-NCI) is concerning. Individuals on effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) may still be at risk for H-NCI as they experience longer life expectancies. There are, however, few professionals with knowledge and skills to identify H-NCI, in low- and middle-income countries. We explored qualitatively, primary healthcare workers’ knowledge and views of H-NCI, in the era of effective ART, particularly their views toward task-sharing of H-NCI screening from specialists to mid-level or lay healthcare providers. The first phase of data collection involved two focus group discussions (FGDs) 23 primary healthcare workers from two facilities in the Western Cape participated in the FGDs. In the second phase of data collection12 individual, in-depth interviews were conducted in KwaZulu-Natal. Using thematic analysis, several key themes emerged. Although healthcare providers were unable to specifically identify H-NCI, they described several HIV disease and treatment related or mental health comorbidities that could be responsible for the symptoms. Despite healthcare workers reporting low frequencies of H-NCI, they favoured receiving training to screen for H-NCI with a view toward providing holistic care.
Biomarkers of Neuroinflammation in Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Gerber Kathryn S. , Alvarez Gema , Alamian Arsham , Behar-Zusman Victoria , Downs Charles A.
Published: June 2022

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is characterized by neuroinflammation and structural damage leading to symptoms and altered brain function. Biomarkers are useful in understanding neuroinflammation and correlations with TBI sequalae. The purpose of this paper is to identify and discuss biomarkers of neuroinflammation used to study TBI and its sequalae. A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Web of Science. A total of 350 articles met criteria; 70 used biomarkers. PRISMA criteria were used for Quality Assessment. Articles included reviews ( n = 17), case-control ( n = 25), cross-sectional ( n = 25) studies, and randomized controlled trials ( n = 3). Twenty-seven biomarkers were identified, including inflammasomes, cytokines, neuropeptides, complement complexes, miRNA and exosomes, and glial cell-specific proteins. Biomarkers aid in predicting morbidity and mortality and advance our understanding of neuroinflammation in TBI. This systematic review advances our understanding of the neuroinflammatory response to better enable nurses and clinicians to provide informed care of TBI patients.
Arch Symmetry in Patients Without and With Cleft Lip and Palate After Orthodontic/Rehabilitative Treatment—A Stereophotogrammetry Study
Authors: Cardoso Jefferson Freire , Pucciarelli Maria Giulia Rezende , Laurenti José Antonio Siqueira , Laposta Andreia Fernandes Emilio , Neppelenbroek Karin Hermana , Oliveira Thaís Marchini , Soares Simone
Published: June 2022

To evaluate and compare the dental arch symmetry of individuals with and without cleft lip and palate after orthodontic/rehabilitation treatment.

Cross-sectional study.

Tertiary cleft center in Brazil.

Fifty-five participants aged between 18 and 30 years were divided into 3 groups according to treatment. Patients that received either a fixed partial denture (FPD) or implant-supported crown (ISC) in the cleft area or only orthodontic treatment, noncleft patients (NC).

An analysis was performed using digitized dental casts scanned by laser and software. The following linear measurements were evaluated: incisor-canine; canine-molar; incisor-molar; surface and volume of the palatal region.

Three-way ANOVA was used to compare the study factors: group (FPD/ISC/NC) and side (right/left) followed by the Tukey test to verify their interaction (α = .05).

The results showed statistically significant differences among groups for the maxillary linear measurements canine-molar and incisor-molar, but not for incisor-canine. No statistically significant differences were found regarding the side for the maxillary measurements, while the factor interaction showed similarity only for incisor-canine. The mandibular measurements showed no statistical differences among groups, sides, or factor interactions. In surface and volume, all values in patients with cleft presented lesser than in without cleft patients.

Regardless of the rehabilitation, arch symmetry can be achieved in the incisor-canine dimension in the cleft area.
Efficiency of Writer’s Workshop and Traditional Writing Instruction on Preschool Children of Nigeria
Authors: Taofik Hassan Mohammad , Amzah Fadzilah
Published: June 2022

The writers’ workshop approach was used in this study to examine the relationship between preschool children’s literacy growth and traditional writing instruction. As well, the student group looked at the students’ conception of learning before and after the two (2) groups’ executions. The research employed a simultaneous three-way approach to collect quantitative and qualitative evidence in order to cross-validate and confirm the findings. The t-test was used to evaluate individual literacy ratings. Interviews were also used to collect and analyze data. In this analysis, the literacy rates of the two (2) studied classes did not differ significantly. Students in both classes considered themselves to be “good” writers, according to interviews. Through the challenge educators face to find new and creative ways to reach students, this study has the potential to generate social change. As a result of this study, educators will be able to differentiate between children and scaffold their learning so that everyone can learn at their own rate.
Shadow Education as a Tool of “Colonization” of Public Education
Authors: Panagiotis Giavrimis
Published: June 2022

The main purpose of this research was to investigate the phenomenon of shadow education in Greece. In this research, the quantitative research method is combined with the qualitative method. The results showed that the liberalization of education during the recent decades was accurately implemented in the institution of shadow education. Knowledge is becoming a commercialized product and the choice for private education is made through private-financial criteria. Restrictive and maladjusted educational policies and decisions relating to individuals’ needs support the development of this institution, highlight the exchange value of academic credentials of the individual, and exacerbate social inequalities.
Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Asian Countries: A Trend Analysis
Authors: Huang Junjie , Ngai Chun Ho , Deng Yunyang , Tin Man Sing , Lok Veeleah , Zhang Lin , Yuan Jinqiu , Xu Wanghong , Zheng Zhi-Jie , Wong Martin C. S.
Published: June 2022

Background

This study aimed to evaluate the updated burden and temporal trends of cancer incidence and mortality in Asian countries.

Methodology

The data used in this study were retrieved from the Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer Incidence in Five Continents volumes I-XI, and the World Health Organization mortality database. These data were used to calculate the Average Annual Percentage Change (AAPC), with a 95% confidence interval (CI) by joinpoint regression analysis to determine the epidemiological trend in the past decade.

Results

In 2020, the cancer incidence in Asia was 169.1 per 1 00 000, accounting for 49.3% of the global cancer incidence. The most common cancers included lung (13.8%), breast (10.8%) and colorectal (10.6%) cancers. Its mortality was 101.6 per 1 00 000 (58.3% of the global cancer death) with lung (19.2%), liver (10.5%) and stomach (9.9%) cancers being the most common causes of cancer death. The cancer incidence had been increasing in female population, with Korea (AAPC = 5.73, 95% CI [5.30, 6.17], P < .001), Japan (AAPC = 2.67, 95% CI [2.12, 3.23], P < .001) and Kuwait (AAPC = 2.08, 95% CI [.49, 3.69], P = .016) showing the most significant increases in the past decade. The incidence increase was also observed among population aged <40 years old, with Korea (female AAPC = 8.42, 95% CI [7.40, 9.45], P < .001; male AAPC = 5.28, 95% CI [4.23, 6.33], P <.001), China (female AAPC = 2.94, 95% CI [2.07, 3.81], P < .001; male AAPC = 1.37, 95% CI [.57, 2.18], P = .004) and Japan (female AAPC = 2.88, 95% CI [1.88, 3.88], P = .016; male AAPC = 1.59, 95% CI [.40, 2.78], P = .015) showing the most significant increases. However, there was an overall decreasing trend of cancer mortality.

Conclusions

There was a substantial burden of cancer incidence and mortality in Asia. Although there was a decreasing trend in cancer mortality, its incidence had been increasing especially among female and younger populations. Future studies could be done to further investigate the potential reasons for these epidemiologic trends.
The Effect of Flaxseed Oil Supplementation on Body Composition and Inflammation Indices in Overweight Adults With Pre-Diabetes
Authors: Shareghfarid Elham , Nadjarzadeh Azadeh , Heidarzadeh-Esfahani Neda , Azamian Yasaman , Hajiahmadi Salimeh
Published: June 2022

Background:

Flaxseed has rich content of alpha linolenic acid for preventing pro inflammatory process. The aim of present study is exploring the effect of flaxseed oil supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers and body composition in overweight adults with pre-diabetes.

Material and methods:

this double-blind randomized clinical trial conducted with 80 overweight pre-diabetic patients in 2 clusters (flaxseed oil group (2000-mg daily) and control group) across a 14-week period. Anthropometric indices, body composition and inflammatory indices were measured between 2 groups before and after the treatment.

Result:

this study found a significant decrease in visceral fat level in the intervention group ( P = .009) and control group ( P = .004) at the end of the survey. However, the mean change of it ( P = .06) was not significant. Also, this study showed that percentage of body fat ( P = .31) and its mean change ( P = .6) did not have significantly different between the 2 groups at the 14th week. The skeletal muscle% had a significant rise in the intervention group ( P = .005) and control group ( P = .003) by the end of 14th week. However, the mean change of it ( P = .19) was not significant between the 2 groups. In addition, there was no significant change in the fasting blood glucose ( P = . 7), C reactive protein ( P = .12) and TNF-α ( P = .22) between the 2 groups at the end of study.

Conclusion:

It showed that flaxseed oil supplementation cannot improve body composition and inflammation.
Practice of Sunlight Exposure of Infants and Associated Factors Among Infant Coupled Mothers at Dejen District, Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia 2021
Authors: Bekalu Amare , Molla Abebaw , Asmare Bayachew , Hune Yidersal , Temesgen Habtamu
Published: June 2022

Introduction:

Currently, nutritional rickets has become a concern of many nutrition experts in many countries. Sunlight is the best and most reliable Source of vitamin D. Since, there is scarce information regarding infant sunlight exposure practice and the determinant factors. Hence, this study aimed to assess mothers’ infant sunlight exposure, practice level, and associated factors.

Methods:

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 884 mothers from March 20 to April 4, 2017. Through the multi-stage simple random sampling method, the study areas had selected. The data were collected using a structured and pre-tested questionnaire and were entered into Epidata version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. The strength of association was measured using binary logistic regression at a 95% CI odds ratio. Finally, P < .05% was declared statistically significant.

Results:

From 884 infant coupled mothers, 866 were recruited in the study with a response rate of 97.9%. Only 44% of mothers had good practice of infant sunlight exposure. In multivariate analyses; Knowledge status (AOR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.0-1.9), Attitude status (AOR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1-1.9), mothers age group (AOR = 8.6, 95% CI: 5.1-14.4), mothers educational status (AOR = 5.2, 95% CI: 1.6-16.9), delivery at health facility (AOR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.0-2.1), and friend influence (AOR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.2-2.1) were significantly associated with maternal exposure status of their infants to sunlight.

Conclusion:

This finding showed that the majority of the mothers did not expose their infants to sunlight appropriately. The mother’s knowledge, attitude, educational status, institutional delivery, and friend influence were the significant factors and needs to work on these.
Early versus delayed treatment with glatiramer acetate: Analysis of up to 27 years of continuous follow-up in a US open-label extension study
Authors: Ford Corey C , Cohen Jeffrey A , Goodman Andrew D , Lindsey John W , Lisak Robert P , Luzzio Christopher , Pruitt Amy , Rose John , Rus Horea , Wolinsky Jerry S , Kadosh Shaul E , Bernstein-Hanlon Emily , Stark Yafit , Alexander Jessica K
Published: June 2022

Background:

Glatiramer acetate (GA) is US-approved for relapsing multiple sclerosis.

Objectives:

To describe GA long-term clinical profile. To compare effectiveness of early start (ES) versus delayed start (DS; up to 3 years) with GA.

Methods:

Phase 3 trial participants entered a randomized placebo-controlled period then an open-label extension (OLE) with GA.

Results:

Overall, 208 out of 251 (82.9%) randomized participants entered the OLE; 24 out of 101 (23.8%, ES) and 28 out of 107 (26.2%, DS) participants completed the OLE. Median GA treatment was 9.8 (0.1–26.3) years. Annualized change in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score was lower with ES versus DS ( p = 0.0858: full study; p = 0.002; Year 5). Participants with improved/stable EDSS was consistently higher with ES versus DS: 40.3% versus 31.6% ( p = 0.1590; full study); 70.8% versus 55.6% ( p = 0.015; Year 5). ES prolonged time-to-6-month confirmed disease worsening (CDW) versus DS (9.8 vs 6.7 years), time-to-12-month CDW (18.9 vs 11.6 years), and significantly reduced time-to-second-6-month CDW ( p = 0.0441). No new safety concerns arose.

Conclusion:

GA long-term treatment maintained clinical benefit with a similar safety profile to phase 3 results; a key limitation was that only 25% of participants completed the OLE. Early initiation of GA had sustained benefits versus delayed treatment.
Digital media use frequency, online behaviors, and risk for negative mental health in adolescents in high-achieving schools
Authors: Moroney Elizabeth , Lee Steve S , Ebbert Ashley M , Luthar Suniya S
Published: June 2022

Replicated evidence shows that adolescents enrolled in high-achieving schools exhibit elevated mental health problems relative to national norms, reflecting risk factors such as achievement and social pressures. The frequency of digital media use is similarly a potential risk factor for poor youth mental health, although mediators of this association have not been identified. 2952 youth from three high-achieving U.S. high schools reported the frequency of their digital media use as well as internalizing and externalizing problems and substance use. Using a multiple mediation framework, the frequency of social comparison, receiving negative feedback, and risky self-presentation online each uniquely mediated the association of digital media use with internalizing and externalizing problems in boys and girls; for substance use, risky self-presentation mediated this association in both boys and girls and negative feedback mediated substance use in girls only. Measurable online behaviors in the form of social comparison, negative feedback, and self-presentation may crucially underlie the association of digital media use frequency with socio-emotional development in adolescents. Implications for intervention focused on impacting online behaviors for improving youth mental health are discussed.
Experimental investigations of warm incremental sheet forming process on magnesium AZ31 and aluminium 6061 alloy
Authors: Mohanraj R , Elangovan S , Pratheesh Kumar S
Published: June 2022

Aerospace, automobile and biomedical sector focuses on innovative rapid manufacturing processes, which can enable product customization, reduction in cost and manufacturing lead time. Aerospace, automobile and biomedical industries mostly use magnesium AZ31 and aluminium 6061 alloy materials for manufacturing of products because of their lower elastic modulus, excellent corrosion and fatigue resistance. The conventional sheet metal forming processes often require additional tools like punch and die and would not be economically viable to produce the customized structure for applications. An emerging forming technique known as warm incremental sheet forming process is evolved, which is capable of forming intricate, asymmetrical components at elevated temperature with localized deformation method. The characteristics of warm incremental sheet forming process suggest the need for the investigation of magnesium AZ31 and aluminium 6061 alloy materials for wide application of the process. Experimental investigation on the influence of process parameters on warm incremental sheet metal forming of magnesium AZ31 and aluminium 6061 alloy materials using electric heating technique was studied. Experimental results revealed that magnesium AZ31 and aluminium 6061 alloy sheet metal component formed with incremental depth of 0.1 mm, wall angle of 50° and temperature of 300°C showed maximum formability and thickness reduction with minimum geometrical deviation.
Strengthening Schools’ Responses to Students’ Harmful Sexual Behaviors: A Scoping Review
Authors: Kor Kenny , Simpson Helen , Fabrianesi Belinda
Published: June 2022

Research into harmful sexual behavior (HSB) by children and young people under the age of 18 has grown in recent years. A key concern emerging is the high prevalence of HSB in school settings. Although teachers are increasingly aware of HSB, their provision of effective responses has remained a major challenge. While progress has been made by providing teachers with best practice models and tools, little is known about what facilitates and hinders their application of these in practice. This scoping review sought to address the question: “What are the barriers and enablers for teachers in responding effectively to HSB?” Eight international databases and one search engine were employed to identify relevant academic and gray literature. The inclusion criteria comprised all study types, published in the past two decades, and focused on teachers’ knowledge, experiences, and responses to HSB. Twenty-five publications met the inclusion criteria. Thematic analysis identified that minimization of HSB, harmful social norms, and inadequate support from external agencies were major barriers. These barriers could be mitigated by adopting a whole-school approach and establishing proactive partnerships with parents and external agencise, along with offering alternative pathways to safety. The findings of this review highlighted the importance of addressing the full continuum of HSB through early, secondary, or tertiary interventions, and sharpening the focus of respectful relationships education to transform gender relations in classrooms and the workplace. Further research is needed to explore schools’ responses to specific populations, including those with disabilities and females.
Tumor Volume Reduction Rate to Induction Chemotherapy is a Prognostic Factor for Locally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lin Ting-Chun , Huang Chi-Hsien , Lien Ming-Yu , Cheng Fu-Ming , Li Kai-Chiun , Lin Chih-Yuan , Lin Ying-Chun , Liang Ji-An , Wang Ti-Hao
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Aim of this retrospective cohort study is to evaluate the prognostic value of tumor volume reduction rate status post-induction chemotherapy in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: Patients newly diagnosed from year 2007 to 2016 at a single center were included in this retrospective study. All patients had received induction Taxotere, Platinum, Fluorouracil followed by daily definitive intensity-modulated radiotherapy for 70 Gy in 35 fractions concurrent with or without cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Tumor volume reduction rate was measured and calculated by contrast-enhanced computed tomography images at diagnosis, and after at least 1 cycle of induction chemotherapy, and analyzed though a univariate and multivariate Cox regression model. Results: Ninety patients of the primary cancer sites at hypopharynx (31/90, 34.4%), oropharynx (29/90, 32.2%), oral cavity (19/90, 21.1%), and larynx (11/90, 12.2%) were included in this study, with a median follow-up time interval of 3.9 years. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, the tumor volume reduction rate of the primary tumor (TVRR-T) was also an independently significant prognostic factor for disease-free survival (DFS) (hazard ratio 0.77, 95% confidence interval 0.62-0.97; P-value = .02). Other factors including patient's age at diagnosis, the primary cancer site, and RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors), were not significantly related. At a cutoff value using 50% in Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, the DFS was higher with TVRR-T ≥ 50% group (log-rank test, P = .024), and a trend of improved overall survival. (log-rank test, P = .069). Conclusion: TVRR-T is a probable prognostic factor for DFS. With a cut-off point of 50%, TVRR-T may indicate better DFS.
Totally Endoscopic Robot-Assisted Aortic Valve Replacement and Complex Mitral Valve Repair: The Lateral Approach
Authors: Wong Daniella H. , Yost Colin C. , Rosen Jake L. , Wu Meagan , Guy T. Sloane
Published: June 2022

A 76-year-old male patient was referred to our institution with moderate-to-severe aortic and mitral insufficiency. The patient underwent totally endoscopic robot-assisted aortic valve replacement and mitral valve repair. In this article, we present our lateral approach to the robotic double valve surgery.
Multi-criteria decision analysis for supporting the selection of car upholstery fabric under degradation due to UV exposure
Authors: El Messiry Magdi , Mito Abu Baker , Issa Sherien
Published: June 2022

Automotive textiles are one of the most important markets in the technical textile sector. Various types of requirements must be considered in the development of the interior fabrics to satisfy both esthetic and functional demands. Many factors are affecting the properties of the car upholstery fabrics, for instance textile material, yarn specifications, fabric construction, and finishing material as well as combined with UV and light resistance. The influence of UV radiation on the degradation rate involves several parameters such as fabric tenacity, elongation, abrasion resistance, and flammability, under exposure to sunlight for several exposure times. Consequently, it’s important to determine the degradation of the automotive textiles according to area where it will be served. Generally, several properties are prerequisites should be all together considered to selected car upholstery fabric, basis on overseeing several requirements and ranking the candidate fabric properties. In this paper, an approach to choose the optimal material for a given component is described, and fabric properties are classified given each a suitable weight. In a simulation of a car cabin in shape and conditions, a radiation chamber was constructed to expose different fabric specimens to sun light. Two evaluation methods were proposed for the ranking of the car upholstery material, made of different fabrics, according to its property loss due to UV exposure during severability. It was found that polyester and nylon are ranked to be the best materials for automobile upholstery.
Designing a digital twin for micromanufacturing processes
Authors: Stavropoulos Panagiotis , Papacharalampopoulos Alexios
Published: June 2022

Micromanufacturing raises some interesting, yet demanding and complex issues regarding modeling and data handling. Since utilizing both of these methods seems to be the key for process optimization, and preferably in real time, their coexistence is not a straightforward task, mainly due to interoperability and computational times. This work is a first step towards creating a roadmap for the design and the implementation of digital twins, provided that the digital twin offers both process optimization and tacit knowledge aggregation towards digital twin reusability. This involves the cooperation of different mathematical tools, an automated information manipulator and a human operator. Towards presenting such a roadmap and illustrating the choice of a workflow, a classification of the potentially useful tools is also presented herein. After that, a method to connect the tools through a software platform is discussed in order for a digital twin to be implemented. Finally, numerical examples are given to prove the fact that information reduction is needed in order for the proposed data manipulation effort (in terms of both processing and storing) to be minimized.
Optimization of inerter system for seismic response control based on a modified genetic algorithm with differential crossover strategy
Authors: Pan Chao , Yang Dengke , Wang Hao
Published: June 2022

The damping enhancement effect of the inerter system means that its energy dissipation efficiency can be improved with respect to the traditional dampers. Energy dissipation efficiency have been considered as the optimal design principle of the inerter system, however, the solution for optimized key parameters is difficult because of the special mechanical behavior of the inerter. A modified float-point encoding genetic algorithm is proposed in this study to realize the optimal design of the inerter system with maximized energy dissipation efficiency effectively and robustly. A novel and simple crossover strategy termed differential crossover is proposed and applied in the classical genetic algorithm to optimize the inerter system more effectively. The differential crossover strategy means that a new individual is generated based on the difference between two randomly selected individuals in the population. The mathematical expression for the optimization problem of the inerter system corresponding to the maximum energy dissipation efficiency design principle is established. Following the performance-oriented design concept, performance demand is taken as the constrained condition of the optimization problem. Case design confirms that the modified genetic algorithm can successfully solve the optimization problem of the inerter system and perform a better solving ability over the original genetic algorithms.
Nonlinear analysis of axial-torsional vibration of drill string based on a 3 DOF model
Authors: Yu Tao , Li Xinye , Zhang Huabiao , Duan Congcong , Zeng Hao , Agila Wassef
Published: June 2022

Based on a model with three-degree-of-freedom, the nonlinear coupled axial-torsional vibration of drill string is numerically studied considering a modified contact model of bit-rock interaction. The effects of driving angular velocities, nominal drilling pressures, and formation stiffness on response are discussed. The simulation results show that response can be periodic, quasi-periodic or chaotic motion with the variation of system parameters. Increasing driving angular velocity is helpful to reduce the duration of sticking and even make the system stick-slip free. However, bit-bounce may occur if driving angular velocity is too large. Increasing nominal drilling pressure can cause the system to be more prone to stick-slip, but it has dampening effect on bit-bounce. The larger the formation stiffness is, the smaller the amplitude of the axial vibration response of the system is, and the driving angular velocity corresponding to the maximum amplitude of the axial vibration response is also larger, whereas the variation of the amplitude of torsional vibration is smaller. Compared with the results from two-degree-of-freedom model, the amplitude of torsional vibration of the present model is remarkable greater. Meanwhile, the present model is more prone to stick-slip than the one with two-degree-of-freedom, and it is not easy to bit bounce.
Personalized knowledge to reduce the risk of stroke (PERKS-International): Protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gall Seana L , Feigin Valery , Thrift Amanda G , Kleinig Timothy J , Cadilhac Dominique A , Bennett Derrick A , Nelson Mark R , Purvis Tara , Jalili-Moghaddam Shabnam , Kitsos Gemma , Krishnamurthi Rita
Published: June 2022

Rationale:

Theoretically, most strokes could be prevented through the management of modifiable risk factors. The Stroke Riskometer™ mobile phone application (hereon “The App”) uses an individual’s data to provide personalized information and advice to reduce their risk of stroke.

Aims:

To determine the effect of The App on a combined cardiovascular risk score (Life’s Simple 7®, LS7) of modifiable risk factors at 6 months post-randomization.

Methods and design:

PERKS-International is a Phase III, multicentre, prospective, pragmatic, open-label, single-blinded endpoint, two-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT). Inclusion criteria are as follows: age ⩾ 35 and ⩽75 years; ⩾2 LS7 risk factors; smartphone ownership; no history of stroke/myocardial infarction/cognitive impairment/terminal illness. The intervention group (IG) will be provided with The App, and the usual care group (UCG) is provided with generic online information about risk factors, but not be informed about The App. Face-to-face assessments will be conducted at baseline and 6 months, and online at 3 and 12 months. The RCT includes a process and economic evaluation.

Study outcomes and sample size:

The primary outcome is a difference in the mean change in LS7 (seven individual items: blood pressure, cholesterol, glucose, body mass index (BMI), smoking, physical activity, and diet) from baseline to 6 months post-randomization with intention-to-treat analysis. Secondary outcomes include: change in individual LS7 items, quality of life; stroke awareness, adverse events; health service use; and costs. Based on pilot data, 790 participants (395 IG, 395 UCG) will be required to provide 80% power (two-sided α = 0.05) to detect a mean difference in the LS7 of ⩾0.40 (SD 1.61) in IG compared to 0.01 (SD 1.44) in the UCG at 6 months post-randomization.

Discussion:

Stroke is largely preventable. This study will provide evidence of the effectiveness of a mobile app to reduce stroke risk.

Trial registration:

ACTRN12621000211864.