bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A hybrid approach to analysing large scale surveys: individual values, opinions and perceptions
Authors: Pileggi Salvatore Flavio
Published: August 2024

High-dimensional large scale surveys enable broad research capabilities and potential insight. However, when dealing with the intrinsic complexity of social science, the underlying knowledge engineering process may play a critical role and require to consider the characteristics and peculiarities of a given problem in context. This study proposes an analysis framework based on clustering techniques, which have been applied to discover patterns among a number of abstracted features resulting from selected attributes of the World Values Survey (WVS). As an assumption, such features have been softly classified as values, opinions and perceptions, based on their theoretical likelihood to change along the time. From a more philosophical perspective, this work assumes hybrid practices as there is no pre-formulated theory but rather an attempt to discover patterns and new knowledge from data. Given the relatively manageable dimensionality of the input dataset, the feature selection has been performed according to an application-oriented approach (rather than driven by statistical analysis) to establish a more comprehensive and consistent research framework. Among the main findings, a symbiotic relationship between the perception of satisfaction and of financial stability, as well as between the perception of security and of happiness, in addition to more complex patterns involving traditional values (e.g. family and religion), politics and believes with an impact on society. Last but not least, despite its holistic focus, the study has allowed the identification of few research gaps and, therefore, potential further research direction in the broad domain of Social Sciences.
Stress response in Escherichia coli following sublethal phenalene-1-one mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: an RNA-Seq study
Authors: Muehler Denise , Morini Silvia , Geißert Janina , Engesser Christina , Hiller Karl-Anton , Widbiller Matthias , Maisch Tim , Buchalla Wolfgang , Cieplik Fabian
Published: August 2024

Since the molecular mechanisms behind adaptation and the bacterial stress response toward antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) are not entirely clear yet, the aim of the present study was to investigate the transcriptomic stress response in Escherichia coli after sublethal treatment with aPDT using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Planktonic cultures of stationary phase E. coli were treated with aPDT using a sublethal dose of the photosensitizer SAPYR. After treatment, RNA was extracted, and RNA-Seq was performed on the Illumina NextSeq 500. Differentially expressed genes were analyzed and validated by qRT-PCR. Furthermore, expression of specific stress response proteins was investigated using Western blot analysis.The analysis of the differential gene expression following pathway enrichment analysis revealed a considerable number of genes and pathways significantly up- or down-regulated in E. coli after sublethal treatment with aPDT. Expression of 1018 genes was up-regulated and of 648 genes was down-regulated after sublethal treatment with aPDT as compared to irradiated controls. Analysis of differentially expressed genes and significantly de-regulated pathways showed regulation of genes involved in oxidative stress response and bacterial membrane damage. In conclusion, the results show a transcriptomic stress response in E. coli upon exposure to aPDT using SAPYR and give an insight into potential molecular mechanisms that may result in development of adaptation.

Graphical abstract
A Fairness Group Recommendation Algorithm Based On User Activity
Authors: Jia Junjie , Wang Fen , Wang Huijuan , Liu Shilong
Published: August 2024

In the process of group recommendation, due to the different preferences of group members, the recommendation results cannot meet the needs of all users. How to maximize the fairness of group recommendation is still a challenge. Therefore, this paper proposes a group recommendation algorithm based on user activity. Firstly, a group discovery algorithm based on item cluster preference was used to mine potential groups. Secondly, considering the dynamic change of activity, a sliding time window is designed to investigate the recent activity of each member in the group at the time of subgroup division, and the group is divided into active subgroup and inactive subgroup. Finally, the group recommendation list was generated by aggregating the subgroup preferences by average consensus. Experimental results on the public dataset show that compared with the AGREE algorithm, the recommendation accuracy and coverage of the proposed algorithm are improved by 2.1% and 2.9%, respectively. By focusing on the preference needs of inactive users, the proposed algorithm effectively improves the recommendation satisfaction and group fairness.
Online Portfolio Selection of Fuzzy Mean Regression Strategy Considering Investor Sentiment Based on Text Data
Authors: Zeng Zhiming , Xu Weijun , Peng Zijin , Zhong Yannan
Published: August 2024

Investors are often affected by emotion, cognition, and other psychological factors in stock trading when making decisions. At present, people can use machine learning and other technologies to obtain a massive amount of text data from the Internet to mine information related to investor behavior and sentiment. Building intelligent online portfolio trading strategies that consider investor sentiment has become an important topic and key challenge in the financial field. Therefore, this paper explores how to use text data to depict investor sentiment, fuzzifies historical stock price data, designs a new weight transfer equation, and finally obtains a novel fuzzy mean regression strategy that considers investor sentiment based on text data. We conduct empirical tests on this strategy by using the stock price data selected from CSI300 constituent stocks, as well as the text data of investors’ opinions on the internet. The results show that the strategy proposed in this study has a higher Calmar ratio than other mean regression strategies previously studied.
Triglyceride-Glucose Index, Modifiable Lifestyle, and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Prospective Analysis of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study
Authors: Kityo Anthony , Lee Sang-Ah
Published: August 2024

Background

Insulin-mediated pathways plausibly explain the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) is a surrogate of insulin resistance (IR), but its association with CRC in the Korean population has not been evaluated.

Methods

From the 2004–2013 Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, 98,800 participants aged 40–69 years were followed through 2020. Data on CRC incidence were obtained from the Korean National Cancer Center registry. Cox regression models and restricted cubic splines were fitted to examine the association between the TyG; In [(triglycerides) × (fasting glucose)/2] and CRC incidence. Joint effects of modifiable lifestyle factors and TyG on CRC risk were also investigated.

Results

Median follow-up time was 10.6 years, and 699 CRC cases were observed. A unit-increment in TyG was associated with increased risk of CRC combined (hazard ratio, HR: 1.28, and 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.12–1.46), colon (1.29, 1.10–1.54), and rectal cancer (1.24, 1.01–1.52). Associations were dose-dependent, with linear associations observed for CRC and colon, but non-linear associations were observed for rectal cancer. A high TyG index (above 8.4) combined with overweight/obesity was linked to an increased risk of CRC (1.31, 1.07–1.61) and colon cancer (1.33, 1.03–1.72). When combined with low fruit and vegetable intake, the risks were higher for CRC (1.40, 1.12–1.74) and colon cancer (1.57, 1.18–2.09). Combined with high red meat consumption, the risks were elevated for CRC (1.32, 1.05–1.65) and colon cancer (1.52, 1.15–2.02).

Conclusions

A high TyG index was associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer, and the risk was highest among participants with a high BMI, low fruit and vegetable intake, and high intake of red meat, suggesting a role of both insulin resistance and modifiable lifestyle in colorectal cancer development.
The middle-income trap and the middle-technology trap in Latin America–practice comparison based on East Asian perspective
Authors: Wu Qiuju , Fang Weichuang
Published: August 2024

Most Latin American countries entered the ranks of middle-income levels almost simultaneously with Japan and South Korea. However, while Japan and South Korea embarked on the path of economic development through technological innovation and industrial upgrading, Latin America fell into the middle-income trap. By examining the history of industrial and technological development in Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico, three representative countries in Latin America, this paper finds that the fundamental reasons for Latin America falling into the middle-income trap lie in the tension between the choice of industrialization path and primitive accumulation, as well as the institutional deficiencies in technology and industrial development. Latin America, which has fallen into the middle-income trap, finds it hard to upgrade its technology and is trapped in premature industrialization and the middle-technology trap. It can be said that Latin America has fallen into a double trap, which reinforces each other and forms a solid trap pattern. The warning from the Latin American experience is that late-developing countries need to maintain an open attitude during the process of technological catching up, build a complete technological innovation system, enhance industrial and technological governance capabilities, and seize the window of opportunity for technological and industrial upgrading. Otherwise, there is a significant risk of falling into the middle-income trap and even the double trap.
Geophysical and geoenvironmental engineering assessment of contaminated workstation soils in a metamorphic environment
Authors: Ale Temitayo Olamide , Ale Taiwo Ayomide , Faseki Oluyemi Emmanuel , Ajidahun Johnson , Oluyinka Ololade Toyin
Published: August 2024

This study aims to employ the electrical method, multi-pollution indices, and statistical optimization to establish a common ground for the utilization of contaminated soil as construction material and for agricultural purposes. Two samples each were taken at a depth of 0.5 m and 1.0 m from the eatery, auto-mechanic, car wash, and transformer workstations and at a control site in Akungba-Akoko, southwestern Nigeria. The concentrations of the following geochemical parameters were analyzed: Cr, Pb, Zn, Cd, Mn, and Cu. The resistivity distribution of the workstations’ subsurface layers was determined using Schlumberger vertical electrical sounding (VES). The generated geoelectrical sections revealed four geoelectric layers (topsoil, weathered layer, partially weathered/fracture bedrock, and bedrock) with two curve types: HA (50%) and AA (50%) across the workstations. The topsoil resistivity values (65–184 Ωm) from the VES results suggest moderately rich organic matter and averagely very fine-grained sand. The concentrations of the heavy metals in all the soil samples are within the maximum allowable concentration as stipulated by the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency in the soil and are suitable for farm activities. Similarly, the geotechnical tests of the Atterberg limit, grain size analysis, compaction, and CBR revealed that all the soil samples met the criteria of a good pavement design but with poor landfill material. Pearson's correlation coefficient revealed that a strong relationship between $${I}_{geo}$$

I

geo

-PLI, $${I}_{geo}$$

I

geo

-RI, PLI-RI, TSR-Fines, MDD-CBR, LL-MDD, and LL-CBR exists among the multi-pollution indices, the geotechnical properties of soil, and the resistivity distribution of the topsoil. This suggests similar levels of heavy metal pollution and a common source of anthropogenic activities throughout the four workshops and provides the link between geotechnical properties and resistivity distribution for future soil management strategies. The exposure of children and adults to multiple heavy metals through inhalation at the four workstations shows no significant non-cancer or cancer risks.
Personality Traits Systematically Explain the Semantic Arrangement of Occupational Preferences
Authors: Yamashita Jumpei , Iwai Ritsuko , Oishi Haruo , Kumada Takatsune
Published: August 2024

Abstract: Understanding occupational preferences through Big Five personality traits offers a crucial insight into the socio-psychological profiles of working individuals, extending beyond mere occupational behaviors. Previous research, however, has not conclusively shown that the broad, situation-general Big Five traits can systematically account for occupational preferences as outlined by the existing RIASEC model. The RIASEC framework’s reliance on theory-driven, preselected occupational scenarios may hinder this explanation. In this study, we initially employed data-driven, exploratory methods to identify and validate occupational preference factors from thousands of participants’ responses to a wide array of occupational titles. Subsequently, we explored the connections between the Big Five traits and these newly identified preference factors. Our analysis revealed a coherent and systematic relationship between data-driven occupational preferences and the Big Five traits, formulating the Hexagonal Openness–Extraversion–Agreeableness model of occupational personality traits. This model facilitates a broader understanding of individuals’ work-related personalities from a comprehensive social-psychological viewpoint.
Coronal Mass Ejection Gives Earth’s Magnetosphere Rare “Wings”
Authors: Scharping Nathaniel
Published: August 2024

A massive disturbance in the solar wind caused Earth’s magnetosphere to fly without its usual tail.
Quantifying the Spatiotemporal Evolution of Radiation Belt Electrons Scattered by Lower Band Chorus Waves: An Integrated Model
Authors: Chen Weixin , Fu Song , Ma Xin , Ni Binbin , Guo Deyu , Zhang Qiongyue , Tong Xiangyuan , Zhao Yibo , Cao Xing , Xiang Zheng , Lei Yuan
Published: August 2024

Wave particle interactions are very important to understand the intricate evolution of the Earth's radiation belt electrons. Kinetic simulations, in terms of solving the Fokker‐Planck equation based on the quasilinear theory, are usually used to simulate the radiation belt electron dynamic evolution. However, the global wave and plasma density distributions adopted in the kinetic simulations are very difficult to be directly obtained by satellites. Here we present a new model, by integrating the machine learning technique and kinetic simulations, to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of radiation belt electrons scattered by lower band chorus (LBC). Compared to the observations, our integrated model produces effectively the global distribution of plasmapause location, plasma density, and LBC intensity, and assesses quantitatively the scattering effect driven by LBC waves at different magnetic local times (MLT), L‐shell (the Mcllwain L‐parameter), and time. Incorporating the effect of radiation electron drift, we further use the 2‐D Fokker‐Planck equation to simulate the variations of electron phase space density in different MLT sectors at a fixed L, and find that the integrated model replicates reasonably the multi‐MeV electron acceleration at L = 4.5 during the period from the main phase to the early recovery phase of the storm. Our results demonstrate that such an integrated model, on basis of a combination of the machine learning technique and kinetic simulations, provides valuable means for improved understanding of the global dynamic evolution of the Earth's radiation belt electrons.
Single-cell spatial transcriptomics reveals distinct patterns of dysregulation in non-neuronal and neuronal cells induced by the Trem2R47H Alzheimer’s risk gene mutation
Authors: Johnston Kevin G. , Berackey Bereket T. , Tran Kristine M. , Gelber Alon , Yu Zhaoxia , MacGregor Grant R. , Mukamel Eran A. , Tan Zhiqun , Green Kim N. , Xu Xiangmin
Published: August 2024

The R47H missense mutation of the TREM2 gene is a known risk factor for development of Alzheimer’s Disease. In this study, we analyze the impact of the Trem2
R47H mutation on specific cell types in multiple cortical and subcortical brain regions in the context of wild-type and 5xFAD mouse background. We profile 19 mouse brain sections consisting of wild-type, Trem2
R47H, 5xFAD and Trem2
R47H; 5xFAD genotypes using MERFISH spatial transcriptomics, a technique that enables subcellular profiling of spatial gene expression. Spatial transcriptomics and neuropathology data are analyzed using our custom pipeline to identify plaque and Trem2
R47H-induced transcriptomic dysregulation. We initially analyze cell type-specific transcriptomic alterations induced by plaque proximity. Next, we analyze spatial distributions of disease associated microglia and astrocytes, and how they vary between 5xFAD and Trem2
R47H; 5xFAD mouse models. Finally, we analyze the impact of the Trem2
R47H mutation on neuronal transcriptomes. The Trem2
R47H mutation induces consistent upregulation of Bdnf and Ntrk2 across many cortical excitatory neuron types, independent of amyloid pathology. Spatial investigation of genotype enriched subclusters identified spatially localized neuronal subpopulations reduced in 5xFAD and Trem2
R47H; 5xFAD mice. Overall, our MERFISH spatial transcriptomics analysis identifies glial and neuronal transcriptomic alterations induced independently by 5xFAD and Trem2
R47H mutations, impacting inflammatory responses in microglia and astrocytes, and activity and BDNF signaling in neurons.
Structural basis for linker histone H5–nucleosome binding and chromatin fiber compaction
Authors: Li Wenyan , Hu Jie , Song Feng , Yu Juan , Peng Xin , Zhang Shuming , Wang Lin , Hu Mingli , Liu Jia-Cheng , Wei Yu , Xiao Xue , Li Yan , Li Dongyu , Wang Hui , Zhou Bing-Rui , Dai Linchang , Mou Zongjun , Zhou Min , Zhang Haonan , Zhou Zheng , Zhang Huidong , Bai Yawen , Zhou Jin-Qiu , Li Wei , Li Guohong , Zhu Ping
Published: August 2024

The hierarchical packaging of chromatin fibers plays a critical role in gene regulation. The 30-nm chromatin fibers, a central-level structure bridging nucleosomal arrays to higher-order organizations, function as the first level of transcriptional dormant chromatin. The dynamics of 30-nm chromatin fiber play a crucial role in biological processes related to DNA. Here, we report a 3.6-angstrom resolution cryogenic electron microscopy structure of H5-bound dodecanucleosome, i.e., the chromatin fiber reconstituted in the presence of linker histone H5, which shows a two-start left-handed double helical structure twisted by tetranucleosomal units. An atomic structural model of the H5-bound chromatin fiber, including an intact chromatosome, is built, which provides structural details of the full-length linker histone H5, including its N-terminal domain and an HMG-motif-like C-terminal domain. The chromatosome structure shows that H5 binds the nucleosome off-dyad through a three-contact mode in the chromatin fiber. More importantly, the H5-chromatin structure provides a fine molecular basis for the intra-tetranucleosomal and inter-tetranucleosomal interactions. In addition, we systematically validated the physiological functions and structural characteristics of the tetranucleosomal unit through a series of genetic and genomic studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in vitro biophysical experiments. Furthermore, our structure reveals that multiple structural asymmetries of histone tails confer a polarity to the chromatin fiber. These findings provide structural and mechanistic insights into how a nucleosomal array folds into a higher-order chromatin fiber with a polarity in vitro and in vivo.
SMYD5 is a ribosomal methyltransferase that catalyzes RPL40 lysine methylation to enhance translation output and promote hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Miao Bisi , Ge Ling , He Chenxi , Wang Xinghao , Wu Jibo , Li Xiang , Chen Kun , Wan Jinkai , Xing Shenghui , Ren Lingnan , Shi Zhennan , Liu Shengnan , Hu Yajun , Chen Jiajia , Yu Yanyan , Feng Lijian , Flores Natasha M. , Liang Zhihui , Xu Xinyi , Wang Ruoxin , Zhou Jian , Fan Jia , Xiang Bin , Li En , Mao Yuanhui , Cheng Jingdong , Zhao Kehao , Mazur Pawel K. , Cai Jiabin , Lan Fei
Published: August 2024

While lysine methylation is well-known for regulating gene expression transcriptionally, its implications in translation have been largely uncharted. Trimethylation at lysine 22 (K22me3) on RPL40, a core ribosomal protein located in the GTPase activation center, was first reported 27 years ago. Yet, its methyltransferase and role in translation remain unexplored. Here, we report that SMYD5 has robust in vitro activity toward RPL40 K22 and primarily catalyzes RPL40 K22me3 in cells. The loss of SMYD5 and RPL40 K22me3 leads to reduced translation output and disturbed elongation as evidenced by increased ribosome collisions. SMYD5 and RPL40 K22me3 are upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and negatively correlated with patient prognosis. Depleting SMYD5 renders HCC cells hypersensitive to mTOR inhibition in both 2D and 3D cultures. Additionally, the loss of SMYD5 markedly inhibits HCC development and growth in both genetically engineered mouse and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, with the inhibitory effect in the PDX model further enhanced by concurrent mTOR suppression. Our findings reveal a novel role of the SMYD5 and RPL40 K22me3 axis in translation elongation and highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting SMYD5 in HCC, particularly with concurrent mTOR inhibition. This work also conceptually broadens the understanding of lysine methylation, extending its significance from transcriptional regulation to translational control.
Genetic risk factors for COVID-19 and influenza are largely distinct
Authors: Kosmicki Jack A. , Marcketta Anthony , Sharma Deepika , Di Gioia Silvio Alessandro , Batista Samantha , Yang Xiao-Man , Tzoneva Gannie , Martinez Hector , Sidore Carlo , Kessler Michael D. , Horowitz Julie E. , Roberts Genevieve H. L. , Justice Anne E. , Banerjee Nilanjana , Coignet Marie V. , Leader Joseph B. , Park Danny S. , Lanche Rouel , Maxwell Evan , Knight Spencer C. , Bai Xiaodong , Guturu Harendra , Baltzell Asher , Girshick Ahna R. , McCurdy Shannon R. , Partha Raghavendran , Mansfield Adam J. , Turissini David A. , Zhang Miao , Mbatchou Joelle , Watanabe Kyoko , Verma Anurag , Sirugo Giorgio ,   Colorado Center for Precision Medicine, Crooks Kristy ,   Mayo Clinic Project Generation, Cerhan James R. ,   Regeneron Genetics Center, Di Gioia Silvio Alessandro ,   University of California Los Angeles ATLAS Collaboration, Geschwind Daniel H. , Ritchie Marylyn D. , Salerno William J. , Shuldiner Alan R. , Rader Daniel J. , Mirshahi Tooraj , Marchini Jonathan , Overton John D. , Carey David J. , Habegger Lukas , Reid Jeffrey G. , Economides Aris , Kyratsous Christos , Karalis Katia , Baum Alina , Cantor Michael N. , Rand Kristin A. , Hong Eurie L. , Ball Catherine A. , Siminovitch Katherine , Baras Aris , Abecasis Goncalo R. , Ferreira Manuel A. R.
Published: August 2024

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and influenza are respiratory illnesses caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza viruses, respectively. Both diseases share symptoms and clinical risk factors1, but the extent to which these conditions have a common genetic etiology is unknown. This is partly because host genetic risk factors are well characterized for COVID-19 but not for influenza, with the largest published genome-wide association studies for these conditions including >2 million individuals2 and about 1,000 individuals3–6, respectively. Shared genetic risk factors could point to targets to prevent or treat both infections. Through a genetic study of 18,334 cases with a positive test for influenza and 276,295 controls, we show that published COVID-19 risk variants are not associated with influenza. Furthermore, we discovered and replicated an association between influenza infection and noncoding variants in B3GALT5 and ST6GAL1, neither of which was associated with COVID-19. In vitro small interfering RNA knockdown of ST6GAL1—an enzyme that adds sialic acid to the cell surface, which is used for viral entry—reduced influenza infectivity by 57%. These results mirror the observation that variants that downregulate ACE2, the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, protect against COVID-19 (ref. 7). Collectively, these findings highlight downregulation of key cell surface receptors used for viral entry as treatment opportunities to prevent COVID-19 and influenza.
Nucleophosmin 1 promotes mucosal immunity by supporting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and ILC3 activity
Authors: Zhao Rongchuan , Yang Jiao , Zhai Yunjiao , Zhang Hong , Zhou Yuanshuai , Hong Lei , Yuan Detian , Xia Ruilong , Liu Yanxiang , Pan Jinlin , Shafi Shaheryar , Shi Guohua , Zhang Ruobing , Luo Dingsan , Yuan Jinyun , Pan Dejing , Peng Changgeng , Li Shiyang , Sun Minxuan
Published: August 2024

Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) is commonly mutated in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia. Concurrent inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and MDS are common, indicating a close relationship between IBD and MDS. Here we examined the function of NPM1 in IBD and colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). NPM1 expression was reduced in patients with IBD. Npm1+/− mice were more susceptible to acute colitis and experimentally induced CAC than littermate controls. Npm1 deficiency impaired the function of interleukin-22 (IL-22)-producing group three innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s). Mice lacking Npm1 in ILC3s exhibited decreased IL-22 production and accelerated development of colitis. NPM1 was important for mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism by oxidative phosphorylation in ILC3s. Further experiments revealed that NPM1 cooperates with p65 to promote mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) transcription in ILC3s. Overexpression of Npm1 in mice enhanced ILC3 function and reduced the severity of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Thus, our findings indicate that NPM1 in ILC3s protects against IBD by regulating mitochondrial metabolism through a p65-TFAM axis.
Risk of capture is modified by hypoxia and interjurisdictional migration of Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis)
Authors: Kraus Richard T. , Cook H. Andrew , Sakas Alexis , MacDougall Thomas M. , Faust Matthew D. , Schmitt Joseph D. , Vandergoot Christopher S.
Published: August 2024

Interjurisdictional migrations lead to seasonally changing patterns of exploitation risk, emphasizing the importance of spatially explicit approaches to fishery management. Understanding how risk changes along a migration route supports time-area based fishery management, but quantifying risk can be complicated when multiple fishing methods are geographically segregated and when bycatch species are considered. Further, habitat selection in dynamic environments can influence migration behavior, interacting with other management objectives such as water quality and habitat restoration. As a case study, we examined a novel acoustic telemetry data set for Lake Whitefish in Lake Erie, where they migrate through multiple spatial management units that are variably affected by seasonal hypoxia and host a variety of fisheries. Combining telemetry results with fishery catch and water quality monitoring, we demonstrate three exploitation risk scenarios: (i) high risk due to high residency and high catch, (ii) high risk due to high residency in time-areas with moderate catch, and (iii) low risk due to residency in time-areas with low catch. Interestingly, occupation of low risk refugia was increased by the development of hypoxia in adjacent areas. Consequently, fishery management goals to sustainably manage other target species may be directly and indirectly linked to water quality management goals through Lake Whitefish.
A new cleaning method for solar panels inspired from the natural vibrations of tree branches and leaves
Authors: Abd-Elhady M. S. , Rana Adil , Elsebaaie M. A. , Kandil H. A.
Published: August 2024

Photovoltaic (PV) panels are similar in many aspects to the leaves of trees, both are standing in the Sun to capture the sunlight, however, PV panels get soiled especially in desert areas, while the leaves remain clean to a very good extent. The question is, why leaves remain clean while PV panels get soiled quite easily? The leaves are hanging on the stem of trees and these stems are flexible to motion, such that if the wind blows in any direction over the stem it vibrates allowing any deposited particle to fall off the surface. The objective of this research is to develop a fixation method for PV panels similar to the stems of trees, such that the panel can vibrate as the wind blows in order to minimize dust accumulation. Different fixation methods for the PV panel are designed, and the air flow around the panel is simulated using the CFD package Ansys Fluent. It has been found that a PV panel pivoted at its lower edge, such that it can revolve around the lower edge, together with a vertical wind shield attached to its upper edge and a spring attached at the middle of its backside has the largest vibration amplitude due to the applied wind compared to the other designs. Experiments have been done to infer the influence of the new fixation method of the PV panel on dust accumulation over the panel. After 6 weeks of operation, it has been found that the efficiency of the PV panel that is flexibly fixed has dropped by only 5%, while the efficiency of the panel that is rigidly fixed has dropped by 25%. It can be concluded that a PV panel operating a light post should be fixed on a flexible base that allows the panel to vibrate as the wind blows over it in order to mitigate dust.
Bacterial reduction and temperature increase of titanium dental implant models treated with a 445 nm diode laser: an in vitro study
Authors: Ahrens Markus , Spörer Melanie , Deppe Herbert , Ritschl Lucas M. , Mela Petra
Published: August 2024

In this in vitro study, the use of a 445 nm diode laser was investigated for the decontamination of titanium dental implants. Different irradiation protocols and the effect of repetitive laser irradiation on temperature increase and decontamination efficacy were evaluated on titanium implant models. An automated setup was developed to realize a scanning procedure for a full surface irradiation to recapitulate a clinical treatment. Three irradiation parameter sets A (continuous wave, power 0.8 W, duty cycle (DC) 100%, and 5 s), B (pulsed mode, DC 50%, power 1.0 W, and 10 s), and C (pulsed mode, DC 10%, power 3.0 W, and 20 s) were used to treat the rods for up to ten consecutive scans. The resulting temperature increase was measured by a thermal imaging camera and the decontamination efficacy of the procedures was evaluated against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and correlated with the applied laser fluence. An implant’s temperature increase of 10 °C was set as the limit accepted in literature to avoid thermal damage to the surrounding tissue in vivo. Repeated irradiation of the specimens resulted in a steady increase in temperature. Parameter sets A and B caused a temperature increase of 11.27 ± 0.81 °C and 9.90 ± 0.37 °C after five consecutive laser scans, respectively, while parameter set C resulted in a temperature increase of only 8.20 ± 0.53 °C after ten surface scans. The microbiological study showed that all irradiation parameter sets achieved a complete bacterial reduction (99.9999% or 6-log10) after ten consecutive scans, however only parameter set C did not exceed the temperature threshold. A 445 nm diode laser can be used to decontaminate dental titanium rods, and repeated laser irradiation of the contaminated areas increases the antimicrobial effect of the treatment; however, the correct choice of parameters is needed to provide adequate laser fluence while preventing an implant’s temperature increase that could cause damage to the surrounding tissue.
Lysosomal TBK1 responds to amino acid availability to relieve Rab7-dependent mTORC1 inhibition
Authors: Talaia Gabriel , Bentley-DeSousa Amanda , Ferguson Shawn M
Published: August 2024

Lysosomes play a pivotal role in coordinating macromolecule degradation and regulating cell growth and metabolism. Despite substantial progress in identifying lysosomal signaling proteins, understanding the pathways that synchronize lysosome functions with changing cellular demands remains incomplete. This study uncovers a role for TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), well known for its role in innate immunity and organelle quality control, in modulating lysosomal responsiveness to nutrients. Specifically, we identify a pool of TBK1 that is recruited to lysosomes in response to elevated amino acid levels. This lysosomal TBK1 phosphorylates Rab7 on serine 72. This is critical for alleviating Rab7-mediated inhibition of amino acid-dependent mTORC1 activation. Furthermore, a TBK1 mutant (E696K) associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia constitutively accumulates at lysosomes, resulting in elevated Rab7 phosphorylation and increased mTORC1 activation. This data establishes the lysosome as a site of amino acid regulated TBK1 signaling that is crucial for efficient mTORC1 activation. This lysosomal pool of TBK1 has broader implications for lysosome homeostasis, and its dysregulation could contribute to the pathogenesis of ALS-FTD.
Identification of resistance mechanisms to small-molecule inhibition of TEAD-regulated transcription
Authors: Kulkarni Aishwarya , Mohan Varshini , Tang Tracy T , Post Leonard , Chan Yih-Chih , Manning Murray , Thio Niko , Parker Benjamin L , Dawson Mark A , Rosenbluh Joseph , Vissers Joseph HA , Harvey Kieran F
Published: August 2024

The Hippo tumor suppressor pathway controls transcription by regulating nuclear abundance of YAP and TAZ, which activate transcription with the TEAD1-TEAD4 DNA-binding proteins. Recently, several small-molecule inhibitors of YAP and TEADs have been reported, with some entering clinical trials for different cancers with Hippo pathway deregulation, most notably, mesothelioma. Using genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screens we reveal that mutations in genes from the Hippo, MAPK, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways all modulate the response of mesothelioma cell lines to TEAD palmitoylation inhibitors. By exploring gene expression programs of mutant cells, we find that MAPK pathway hyperactivation confers resistance to TEAD inhibition by reinstating expression of a subset of YAP/TAZ target genes. Consistent with this, combined inhibition of TEAD and the MAPK kinase MEK, synergistically blocks proliferation of multiple mesothelioma and lung cancer cell lines and more potently reduces the growth of patient-derived lung cancer xenografts in vivo. Collectively, we reveal mechanisms by which cells can overcome small-molecule inhibition of TEAD palmitoylation and potential strategies to enhance the anti-tumor activity of emerging Hippo pathway targeted therapies.
Identification of common textile microplastics via autofluorescence spectroscopy coupled with k-means cluster analysis
Authors: Johns Marcus A. , Zhao Hongying , Gattrell Mike , Lockhart James , Cranston Emily D.
Published: August 2024

This research proposes autofluorescence spectroscopy for the successful identification of common polymers present in greywater from a minimal input data set. The effects of photooxidation and dyes are also considered.
Water-recyclable and reusable fluorescent sensors for nerve gas mimetic detection
Authors: Thakur Ashima , Chaudhran Preeti AshokKumar , Sharma Abha
Published: August 2024

Recyclable probes for sensing DCNP and DCP nerve agents simulants.
Automated monitoring of electrocatalyst corrosion as a function of electrochemical history and electrolyte formulation
Authors: Jenewein Ken J. , Kan Kevin , Guevarra Dan , Jones Ryan J. R. , Lai Yungchieh , Suram Santosh K. , Haber Joel A. , Cherevko Serhiy , Gregoire John M.
Published: August 2024

We present an automated platform for studying electrode corrosion as a function of electrochemical history and electrolyte composition using Pt ORR as a proof-of-concept relevant to next-generation phosphoric acid fuel cells.
Ag(i)-catalyzed asymmetric (2+4) annulation reaction of 5-alkenyl thiazolones: synthesis of enantioenriched spiro[cyclohexenamines-thiazolones]
Authors: Choudhary Kavita , Deshpande Akanksha Santosh , Singh Vinod K.
Published: August 2024

We report the first metal-catalyzed (2+4) annulation of 5-alkenyl thiazolones and dicyanoalkylidenes, delivering spiro[cyclohexenamines-thiazolones] with high stereoselectivities.
Dual ligand based 3D Eu(iii) MOF as a multifunctional sensor for trace amounts of NACs, Cr3+ and Hg2+ in aqueous medium: synthesis, crystal structure and latent fingerprint detection
Authors: Sen Charanjeet , Devi Swaita , Niharika  , Bhagat Nidhi , Sheikh Haq Nawaz
Published: August 2024

A novel 3D luminescent (MOF) named as [Eu(HPyzdc)(NITA)(H2O)]n (Cj-3) has been synthesized with isophthalic acid (H2NITA) and pyrazine based dicarboxylic acid (2,3-H2Pyzdc) via a solvothermal method.
Freestanding electrodes with polyaniline/Au derived from electrospun carbon nanofibers for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Bu Yan , Zou Yunwei , Cang Ruibai , Zhou Xuejiao , Yu Peng , Zhang Mingyi
Published: August 2024

Freestanding and binder-free electrodes possess bi-continuous charge transfer channels and present high capacitance properties.
Spontaneous resolution of RS-fluoxetine through tetrafluoroborate conglomerate salt and racemic kryptoracemate formation via the sulfate ion
Authors: Carvalho Paulo S. , Diniz Luan F. , Fernandes Christian
Published: August 2024

RS-Fluoxetine spontaneously resolves into a conglomerate via tetrafluoroborate salt formation. Sulfate anion produces a kryptoracemate with homochiral chains but lacks enantiomeric discrimination.
Water molecules in boron nitride interlayer space: ice and hydrolysis in super confinement
Authors: Hosseini Amin , Yarahmadi Amir Masoud , Azizi Shahab , Habibnejad Korayem Asghar , Savary Rouzbeh
Published: August 2024

Development of nano-sized channels and filters in the recent years has made the role of water immensely important as water molecules affect their performance and durability.
Reactions of the ˙NO3 radical with nuclear extraction ligands in alkane solution
Authors: Dang Anh N. , Rogalski Maya H. , Peterman Dean R. , Mincher Bruce J. , Mezyk Stephen P.
Published: August 2024

First-ever rate constant data for NO3˙ radical reactions with organophosphorus and amidic extraction ligands in liquid n-dodecane. Reaction mechanisms were identified as H-atom (amidic) and electron (phosphorus) abstraction based on DFT calculations.
Neutral pH Fenton and photo-Fenton activity of Mo-doped iron-pyrite particles
Authors: Yadav Maheswari , Kumar Uttam , Kumar De Arup , Sinha Indrajit
Published: August 2024

Mo-doping enhances FeS2photo-Fenton activity and recyclability at neutral pH by effective Fe3+to Fe2+conversion.
Rational design of a two-dimensional high-temperature ferromagnet from HCP cobalt
Authors: Wang Bo-Jing , Hou Yi-Na , Jin Chen-Dong , Zhang Hu , Wang Jiang-Long , Gong Peng-Lai , Lian Ru-Qian , Shi Xing-Qiang , Wang Rui-Ning
Published: August 2024

A novel family of 2D high-temperature ferromagnets (cobalt halides consisting of two or three close-packed Co layers with the surface coated with halogen atoms) with an in-plane easy-magnetization axis is designed using the first-principles method.
An innovative deep eutectic solvent: chalcogen bonding as the primary driving force
Authors: Shi Ruifen , Wang Zeyu , Yu Dongkun , Wei Chenyang , Qin Rui , Mu Tiancheng
Published: August 2024

The formation, properties and interaction of chalcogen bonding (ChB)-based deep eutectic solvents were explored.
Sublimation of pyridine derivatives: fundamental aspects and application for two-component crystal screening
Authors: A. P. Voronin , O. R. Simonova , T. V. Volkova , G. L. Perlovich
Published: August 2024

The saturated vapour pressures of five heterocyclic compounds containing the pyridine fragment, namely, three isomers of aminopyridine, 3-hydroxypyridine and 2-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyridine, were measured using a transpiration method.
The reaction mechanism of SO3 with the multifunctional compound ethanolamine and its atmospheric implications
Authors: Wang Rui , Mu Ruxue , Li Zeyao , Zhang Yongqi , Yang Jihuan , Wang Guanhua , Zhang Tianlei
Published: August 2024

The SO3 + MEA reaction in the gas phase and on a water droplet was investigated computationally, providing insight into the reaction of SO3 with multifunctional compounds and a new potential formation mechanism for particles resulting from SO3 loss.
Unveiling the role of dopants in boosting CuS supercapacitor performance: insights from first-principles calculations
Authors: Irham Muhammad Alief , Baskoro Fakhrian Hanif Tejo , Ghiffari Ahmad Al , Rodiansyah Darul Roni , Wibowo Arie , Muttaqien Fahdzi , Iskandar Ferry
Published: August 2024

Transition metal sulfides have become famous in high energy density supercapacitor materials owing to their rich redox and high conductivity.
Unveiling MOF-808 photocycle and its interaction with luminescent guests
Authors: Ficarra G. , Sciortino A. , Barbata L. G. , Ettlinger R. , De Michele V. , Marin E. , Cannas M. , Morris R. E. , Buscarino G.
Published: August 2024

Electronic transition of MOF-808 involves a picosecond energy transfer (ET) from the ligand to the metal oxocluster, and a radiative decay from a singlet or triplet state. If pores host dye molecules, nanosecond ET regulates the composite emission.
Effects of the chain length of nonaromatic epoxy resins on thermomechanical and optical properties: experiments, and ab initio and molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Kawagoe Yoshiaki , Kinugawa Yuuki , Matsumoto Keigo , Ohno Masashi , Kishimoto Naoki , Kawai Takahiko , Okabe Tomonaga
Published: August 2024

The optical, thermomechanical, and structural properties of the triazine ring-based nonaromatic epoxy resin were experimentally and numerically evaluated.
Structural characterization of Li2(MgxZn1−x)2W2O9 for bluish-white luminescence in rare earth-free tungstate phosphors
Authors: Xie Jing , Li Liang , Zhong Yue , Su Tao , Wang Wenming , Pan Yan , Wei Xiantao , Li Yong
Published: August 2024

CIE coordinates for Li2(MgxZn1−x)2W2O9 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, and 1) phosphors under 266 nm excitation (left) and the IQE map of the Li2Mg2W2O9 phosphor sample (right).
Procedural life cycle inventory of chemical products at laboratory and pilot scale: a compendium
Authors: Cespi Daniele
Published: August 2024

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is widely acknowledged by academia and industry as a key tool for promoting environmental sustainability within the field of green chemistry.
Patterned thin film enzyme electrodes via spincoating and glutaraldehyde vapor crosslinking: towards scalable fabrication of integrated sensor-on-CMOS devices
Authors: Adalian Dvin , Madero Xiomi , Chen Samson , Jilani Musab , Smith Richard D. , Li Songtai , Ahlbrecht Christin , Cardenas Juan , Agarwal Abhinav , Emami Azita , Plettenburg Oliver , Petillo Peter A. , Scherer Axel
Published: August 2024

A novel deposition technique for enzymatic biosensors permits wafer-scale parallel device microfabrication of monolithic CMOS glucose sensors.
Polymer coated magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles for enhanced wound healing
Authors: Abbas Muhammad Khawar , Javed Yasir , Shad Naveed Akhtar , Shahid Muhammad , Akhtar Bushra , Yasin Effat , Sharma Surender Kumar , Thanh Nguyen Thi Kim
Published: August 2024

Polymer coated Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles provided improved wound healing potential.
Synthesis of dimeric indoles from Friedel–Crafts reaction of indoles with ketones catalysed by a Brønsted acid ionic liquid and their interactions with BSA and DNA
Authors: Pasuparthy Sai Deepak , Somkuwar Pranati , Kali Venkatesan , Somanahalli Kalleshappa Ashok Kumar , Maiti Barnali
Published: August 2024

The synthesis of 35 dimeric indole derivatives was carried out by using [BCMIM][Cl] ionic liquid as a catalyst. The binding interaction between bovine serum albumin (BSA)/deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and synthesized compounds has been investigated.
Ultra small gold nanoclusters supported on two-dimensional bismuth selenium nanosheets for synergistic photothermal and photodynamic tumor therapy
Authors: Li Chenxi , Fang Xueyang , Zeng Qingdong , Zeng Li , Zhang Bin , Nie Guohui
Published: August 2024

AuNC@Bi2Se3 nanocomposites showed combined near-infrared light-initiated photothermal/photodynamic therapy against tumors, demonstrating their potential as novel theranostic agents for biomedical applications.
Unconstrained dynamic gel swelling generates transient surface deformations
Authors: VanZanten Alyssa , Chen Shih-Yuan , Driscoll Michelle M. , Szczepanski Caroline R.
Published: August 2024

Polymer gels exhibit surface deformations (e.g. creases) during free swelling. These instabilities vary based on solvent choice and network architecture.
A zirconia/tantalum biocermet: in vitro and in vivo evaluation for biomedical implant applications
Authors: Smirnov Anton , Guitián Francisco , Ramirez-Rico Joaquín , Bartolomé José F.
Published: August 2024

New zirconia/20 vol% tantalum (3Y-TZP/Ta) biocermets exhibit exceptional capabilities due to a combination of properties that make them highly suitable for biomedical applications in orthopedics, dentistry and other areas of hard tissue replacement.
NIR-responsive nano-holed titanium alloy surfaces: a photothermally activated antimicrobial biointerface
Authors: Pistonesi Denise B. , Belén Federico , Ruso Juan M. , Centurión M. Eugenia , Sica M. Gabriela , Pistonesi Marcelo F. , Messina Paula V.
Published: August 2024

Introducing our Ti6Al4V alloy with a nano-holed TiO2 coating and embedded prism-shaped silver nanoparticles (p-AgNPs) acting as a “plasmonic sensitizer”. This structure demonstrated superior NIR photo-conversion and antibacterial properties.
MWCNT-intercaleated natural hematite-based activable nanocomposite for piezoelectric energy generation and ROS-mediated carcinogenic dye degradation
Authors: Ghosh Saheli , Mondal Dhananjoy , Sultana Shireen , Roy Jhilik , Bag Neelanjana , Dey Anwesha , Basu Ruma , Roy Shubham , Das Sukhen
Published: August 2024

This work explored an MWCNT-incorporated natural rock-based (hematite) multifunctional piezo-responsive nanocomposite for the simultaneous degradation of carcinogenic dyes and generation of non-invasive energy.
Multiple-resonant nitrogen embedded nanographenes with high photoluminescence efficiency and high colour purity
Authors: Luo Hao , Wei Jinbei , Mai Minqiang , Zeng Xuan , Zhang Weifeng , Wei Xuyang , Zhang Dongdong , Duan Lian , Yu Gui
Published: August 2024

Two indolo[3,2,1-jk]carbazole-based nanographenes (ICz-NGs) were designed and synthesized. Organic light-emitting diodes employing these ICz-NGs as emitters exhibited blue and green emissions with small full width at half maxima of 18–23 nm.
Alkyl modification to optimize the ferroelastic properties of molecular crystals
Authors: Li Zhi-Long , Zhu Ming , Zhang Feng-Wen , Ding Kun , Ni Hao-Fei , Lun Meng-Meng , Zhang Yi , Fu Da-Wei
Published: August 2024

Using alkyl modification, we obtained a ferroelastic material with three phase transitions, orange fluorescence and high-temperature ferroelasticity.