bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Upaya Museum Merangkul Masyarakat melalui Komunitas Museum dan Teknologi Digital
Authors: Baswarani Delfta Tunjung
Published: April 2022

Museum dahulu biasanya selalu dianggap membosankan terutama bagi orang yang tidak menyukai hal-hal bersejarah ataupun bidang khusus yang disediakan oleh museum. Hal ini biasanya membuat calon pengunjung enggan untuk datang berkunjung ke museum. Hal ini disayangkan karena museum justru dapat mengedukasi masyarakat sekitar ataupun wisatawan mengenai peristiwa bersejarah termasuk hal buruk yang terjadi di zaman dahulu sehingga tidak muncul lagi di masa sekarang. Namun pada masa sekarang berbagai museum sudah berbenah demi bisa mendekatkan diri ke masyarakat luas. Upaya museum dalam merangkul masyarakat luas berupa pembentukan komunitas museum dan juga mulai bermunculan museum-museum di tanah air yang menerapkan teknologi digital untuk bisa mengikuti perkembangan zaman. Dari hal-hal tersebut, museum yang dahulu sering dianggap membosankan menjadi lebih menarik karena dapat mengundang masyarakat yang penasaran untuk datang dan mempelajari berbagai bidang yang disuguhkan museum.
SÍNDROME DA HIPERTRIGLICERIDEMIA: UM RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Gonçalves Filho Mozart Alves , Bressa José Antonio Nascimento , Rosseto Fabio , Mendes Diego de Paula , Castro Priscilla Maria Thees de , Bidóia Rafaela de Lazari
Published: April 2022

Severe Hypertriglyceridemia Syndrome is associated with diseases such as Acute Pancreatitis and Coronary Artery Disease, caused due to the exacerbated increase in plasma levels of triglycerides. In acute conditions triggered by hypertriglyceridemia, such as acute pancreatitis, apheresis is the recommended treatment, and it should be instituted as soon as possible. The aim of this article is to describe two cases of severe hypertriglyceridemia and the clinical outcome of both patients after undergoing the apheresis procedure. In this report, we describe two cases of severe hypertriglyceridemia, one without clinical complaints and the other with acute abdominal pain. Both were treated with apheresis and presented good evolution, and are now being followed up on an outpatient basis. Early diagnosis and easy access for patients to this method of treatment contributed to the rapid reduction and clinical stability of cases.
Critical Commodities
Authors: Burnside Andrew ,   Southwestern Philosophical Society
Published: April 2022

This paper is a critique of Adorno’s ideas concerning jazz from his own perspective. I approach the topic from a dialectical standpoint, accounting for the historical development of jazz in the African-American context while trying to understand why Adorno found nothing of the genre redeemable; he scorned jazz as an unoriginal product of the culture industry. Drawing on the work of Eric Hobsbawm and Fumi Okiji on jazz, history, and Adorno, I try to demonstrate the internal contradiction of Adorno’s dislike of jazz and appraisal of Beethoven. Although Adorno’s critical tools of the culture industry, deconcentration, and his usage of Lukács’s idea of reification are indispensable, Adorno should have consistently applied the subtle distinction between two intrinsically tied but nevertheless separate entities: (1) an artwork and (2) the mode of production in which it is developed.
Moral Idiots and Blameless Brutes in Aristotle’s Ethics
Authors: Anton Audrey L. ,   Southwestern Philosophical Society
Published: April 2022

Aristotle maintains that vicious people are blameworthy despite their moral ignorance, since becoming vicious was up to them (eph’ hemin) and whatever is up to us we are able to do or not do. However, one’s upbringing shapes one’s moral character. Together, these claims invite an objection I call the horrible childhood challenge. According to this objection, vicious adults who suffered horrible childhoods through which they were taught to adopt bad ends as though they were good should not be held accountable for their vice. Aristotle’s likely answer to this challenge reveals that, for Aristotle, a minimal degree of rationality is necessary for moral responsibility. I argue that, for Aristotle, a vicious agent is responsible for her vice only if 1) she is rational, which implies 2) she grasps a specific basic principle, thus consenting to become a certain kind of person through action. The thoroughly bad who satisfy both claims are moral idiots; those who do not may be blameless brutes.
Telemedicina. Una mirada a las buenas prácticas éticas y jurídicas internacionales. En particular, la confidencialidad y el consentimiento informado en la legislación latinoamericana
Authors: Valerio Monge Carlos José
Published: April 2022

The covid-19 pandemic has brought with it the strengthening of different forms of health service delivery in order to adapt them to the circumstances of this emergency. One of these has been telemedicine, which has been an appropriate response to the limitations of face-to-face service delivery due to the health measures of distance and mobilisation. This article will review the main ethical and legal recommendations that guide the proper provision of telemedicine services. Finally, national and international regulations on this subject are reviewed, in particular those of Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Argentina and Uruguay.

La pandemia del Covid-19 ha traído consigo el fortalecimiento de distintas formas de prestación de servicios de salud con el fin de adecuarlos a las circunstancias de esta emergencia. Uno de ellos ha sido la Telemedicina, la cual se ha constituido en una adecuada respuesta a las limitaciones de la prestación de servicios presenciales producto de las medidas sanitarias de distanciamiento y movilización. En este artículo, se revisarán las principales recomendaciones éticas y jurídicas que orientan una correcta prestación de servicios telemáticos. Se repasan al final las regulaciones nacionales e internacionales sobre esta materia, en particular las regulaciones de Brasil, Perú, Colombia, Argentina y Uruguay.
Teknologiforståelse som dannelsesaspekt i Lærerens Grundfaglighed
Authors: Beierholm Maria Høegh , Hjorth Mikkel , Basballe Ditte Amund
Published: April 2022

ResuméMed samfundets pågående digitalisering som et tidstypisk nøgleproblem bliver de digitale teknologier et centralt anliggende for skolen og dermed for læreruddannelsens dannelsesopgave. Denne artikel præsenterer, undersøger og diskuterer et forsøg, hvor teknologiforståelse afprøves som nyt dannelsesfelt i den alment dannende undervisning i faget Lærerens Grundfaglighed, og hvor det er de lærerstuderende og deres dannelse i forhold til digitale teknologier, der er i fokus. I artiklen præsenteres eksempler på de studerendes møde med teknologiens umiddelbare egenskaber, gennem et brugerinterface og deres møde med de bagvedliggende strukturer i form af et programmeringsinterface. Artiklen belyser alment dannende elementer af teknologiforståelse i en læreruddannelseskontekst og diskuterer teknologiforståelse som potentiel bro mellem dannelsesteori og praksis.

Abstract (UK)This paper takes as its premise that society’s ongoing digitalisation can be viewed as what German educational philosopher Wolfgang Klafki termed an epochal key problem. Therefore, digital technologies are a central issue for the school and thus for teacher education. In the paper, we present, examine, and discuss an experiment, in which technology comprehension was tested as a new aspect of general pedagogy with a focus on students’ competences as well as their own, general education (bildung) in relation to digital technologies. The paper presents examples of students’ encounters with immediate properties of technology through a user interface as well as subsequent encounters with program structures in a programming interface. The paper presents aspects of bildung within technology comprehension in teacher education and discusses elements of technology comprehension as a potential bridge between general pedagogy and practice.
Dannelse og idrætsdidaktiske modeller
Authors: Jensen Jens-Ole , Volshøj Esben
Published: April 2022

ResuméDe seneste 20 år har der især i den angelsaksiske verden været et stærkt fokus på at anvende idrætsdidaktiske modeller i idrætsundervisningen med henblik på at fremme refleksioner om valg af mål, indhold og metode. Modellerne er imidlertid overvejende udviklet inden for en angelsaksisk uddannelsestradition, og de forholder sig ikke til dannelsesspørgsmål eller formålet med undervisning. Endvidere er det karakteristisk for de idrætsdidaktiske modeller, at de er udviklet enkeltvist, og der mangler derfor refleksioner om og kriterier for, hvordan man kan sammensætte modeller, der samlet set tilgodeser, at undervisningen bidrager til elevernes dannelse. Formålet med nærværende artikel er at diskutere, hvordan man med et uddannelsesteoretisk perspektiv kan kvalificere valget af idrætsdidaktiske modeller i idrætsundervisningen med henblik på dannelse. Artiklen er baseret på et litteraturstudie af idrætsdidaktiske modeller i idrætsundervisning og foreslår, at almendannelse i idrætsundervisning kan fremmes gennem Gert Biestas bestemmelse af formålet med uddannelse.

Abstract (UK)In this article, we contribute to the discussion of models-based practice (MbP) in physical education (PE). The common pedagogical approach to PE has been criticized for being biased towards introductory activity-based instruction and mastering discipline-specific skills. To address this problem, it has been suggested that PE should be based on different pedagogical models. However, no metareflection have suggested how these models should be chosen. Based on a Bildung theoretical approach we suggest that models are chosen on the basic of the purpose of education. More specific we suggest a Bildung theoretical perspective based on Gert Biesta’s reflections on education and its purpose as qualification, socialization and subjectification.
Groundwater Exploration Using Vertical Electrical Sounding And 2D Electrical Resistivity Tomography In Shale Formation: A Case Study Of Sabongida, Plateau State, North Central Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Geology, University of Jos, Bauchi Road, 930105, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria, Yusuf Solomon Nehemiah , Drenkat Hilnan Christopher ,   Department of Geology, University of Jos, Bauchi Road, 930105, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria, Azi Charity Mamza ,   Department of Geology, Nasarawa State University, 911019, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Published: April 2022

Sabongida is characterized by lots of abortive boreholes which are often shallow as a result of the complex nature of shale formation in the area and limited application of integrated geophysical techniques before drilling of boreholes. The presence of shale formation in the area makes it extremely difficult to drill productive boreholes, while the existing hand dug wells are always shallow due to the difficulty in digging deeper wells, this and other factors motivated the choice of the study location for the purpose of proffering solutions to solve the perennial water problem in the area. Twenty-two (22) vertical electric soundings data (VES) using Schlumberger array with the aid of Ohms mega resistivity meter were conducted with electrode spread of AB/2 = 215 m and eleven (11) 2D electrical resistivity tomography data (ERT) using ADMT – 600 S - X equipment were acquired. ERT was conducted using 20 m as the length of each profile with 300 m in 10 profile lines and 400 m as the depth of probing. The result of the VES interpretation shows three to five geo-electric layers while the geo-electric section revealed the aquifers to consist of sandstones with varying thicknesses. Two groundwater potential zones were delineated as shelly sandstones and clayey sand. The different color band indicates the different layers within the ground as the soil resistivity varies, blue indicates low resistivity values, green - yellow indicates moderate resistivity values while high resistivity values are brown - red. The results from the 2D images indicate the low resistivity regions, suggesting aquifer is within the depths of 150 to 300 m. Thus, the recommended depths for drilling of productive boreholes are 180 to 210 m and 270 to 300 m in Sabongida.
The Interaction Between Administrative and Judicial Review at the European Level: Notes on the Judgment of the General Court of 6 October 2021 in Joined Cases T-351/18 and T-584/18, Ukrselhosprom PCF LLC and Versobank AS v ECB
Authors: Witte Andreas
Published: April 2022

In many fields of EU administration, it has become common for secondary law to establish a pre-judicial appeal procedure that allows applicants to contest decisions administratively before initiating court litigation. Unlike many national systems, however, Union law does not contain
a general and positively defined concept of administrative review. This forces secondary law legislators to construct such an edifice through the available administrative law toolkit, most importantly, the decision under Article 288 TFEU as the main instrument. In a recent case that arose
in the context of the ECB's banking supervision activities in the Single Supervisory Mechanism, this has caused problems for the General Court to arrive at a pragmatically reasonable outcome in a doctrinally sound manner. The present case note discusses this judgment in the context of prior
precedents from which it partially deviates. It also undertakes some conjecture as to the possible consequences of the ruling for the future and administrative appeal procedures beyond the Banking Union.
Internal Insecurity and National Development in Nigeria: Problematizing Herdsmen and Farmers’ Conflicts in Anambra State
Authors: Okeke Christian Chidi
Published: April 2022

Internal security challenges in Nigeria, particularly herdsmen and farmers’ conflicts, have worsened over time. In Anambra state, clashes by the two groups have equally persisted. The key concern of this study was on the effect of this challenge on national development in Nigeria. In essence, the objective of this study was to examine how herdsmen and farmers’ conflicts in Anambra state have affected national development in Nigeria. To achieve the objective of this study, the following hypothesis was posed: Herdsmen and farmers’ conflicts in Anambra state have not supported national development in Nigeria. Anchored on the Eco-Violence Theory and the Deprivation, Frustration and Aggression Theory as the frameworks for analysis, the study adopted descriptive survey design and Questionnaire as instrument for data collection. Analysis of data was quantitatively carried out. Among other things, the study found out that herdsmen and farmers’ conflicts in Anambra state have some negative consequences which include loss of lives, farmlands, cattle and property; worsened level of poverty and threat to jobs. It also found out that Nigeria cannot achieve national development in the face of the recurring herdsmen and farmers’ conflicts in Anambra state as the impacts affect the rest of the country. In view of the findings, the study recommended the need for the state government to devise strategies for effective implementation of its Cattle and Other Livestock Open Grazing Prohibition and Ranches Establishment Law 2021. It equally recommended Federal Government’s proactive intervention in ending the herdsmen and farmers’ conflicts in the state.
Reliability and Maintenance of Assets in Electric Power Distribution Network
Authors: A. Olajuyin E. , Olubakinde Eniola
Published: April 2022

Regular and stable supply of power to the consumers is very essential in the power system since reliability is one of the yardsticks that can be used to measure the performance of a service provider and reliability is ability of the system to function satisfactorily under stated condition at a particular period of time. Reliability and maintenance of assets in electric power distribution network was investigated using statistical analysis of outages data. Five years outages data caused by cables, transformers, breakers, line conductors and busbars & isolators were collected from Abule-Egba 33/11kV Injection substation in Ikeja Electricity Distribution Company, Lagos state and each year obtained data was represented in chart and also the comparison of the failures of different components within the observed years were represented in chart. Failure rate (λ), reliability (  ) and Mean Time between Failures (MTBF) were calculated and the obtained results were typified by chart. From the calculations and the data obtained from the station, it was observed that transformers had the lowest reliability(46.61%) and cables had the highest reliability (82.95%).Engaging in preventive maintenance and predictive maintenance could enhance reliability of the system and this practice will in turn prevent or minimize failure rate of transformers and other devices.
Influence of Intercropping Ratios on Profitability of Chickpea-linseed Based Intercropping
Authors: Singh Gaurav Pratap , Kumar Munish , Kumar Durgesh , Kumar Raj , Kumar Sanjeev , Pandey Hanuman Prasad
Published: April 2022

A field experiment was conducted on student instructional farm (SIF) at Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur during the rabi season 2019-20 and 2020-21, In the present experiment 24 treatments, were laid out in split plot design with three replications, where allocation of treatments to intercropping system with 8 treatments in main-plots and cultural practices in with 3 treatments in sub-plots. Chickpea and Linseed are shown in different ratio with different cultural practices. Chickpea & Linseed (variety avrodhi & shekhar) intercropping was taken for study. The results revealed that the profitability of intercropping system respond significantly with the different treatment combination. The highest cost of cultivation (37231 & 40067 rupees-1) was obtained sole cropping (I1 treatment), gross return (105082 & 116581 rupees ha-1), net return (69181 & 78124 rupees) and benefit cost ratio (1.292 & 1.303) was obtained with treatment {chickpea + linseed (5:1)} during both the years. The treatment combination I5 was gave superior result in terms of gross return, net return and B:C ratio, while maximum cost of cultivation was found in treatment I1 during 2019-20 and 2020-21.
Study of Release Pattern of Phosphorus in Soils: Incubated with Organic Acids and Different Origin of Rock Phosphate
Authors: Mahawar Neeta , Tagore G. S. , Vishwakarma Megha , Bangre Jyoti , Nayak Jajati Keshari , Agarwal Shivani , Yadav Suwalal
Published: April 2022

In this study the hypotheses assumed was assessed through incubation study in lab. Soil samples were pre incubated at 25 °C for 1 week prior to actual incubation to stabilize the microbial activity. Moisture content of soil was adjusted to 60 % of water holding capacity by adding deionized water. There were three Rock Phosphates of origin Jhabua, Udaipur-I, Udaipur-II and eleven treatments including the control and soils were analysed at six incubation periods (15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 days); with three replications to see the effectiveness of different RPs treated with organic acids and zeolite with phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) viz., Pseudomonas fluorescence. The incubation experiment showed a positive impact of the organic acids and FYM with increasing days of incubation gaining highest peak at 60 days in their ability to release P from all the RP sources. Data from 45 to 60 Days After Incubation (DAI) were found most suitable for P availability point of view. URP II showed maximum available P with gluconic acid@20 mM (13.28 kg ha-1) with an increase of 39% followed by FYM @5 tonne ha-1 with available P (13.10 kg ha-1) and increase of 50.97% over control. JRP responded maximum with FYM @ 5 tonne ha-1(9.05 kg ha-1) available P with an increase of 36.35% followed by oxalic acid. The URP I maintained highest available P with oxalic acid@0.5 M (10.59 kg ha-1) with an increase of 44.51% followed by FYM @5 tonne ha-1.
Dental Stem Cell Therapy: Awareness and Perspective among Indian Orthodontists
Authors: Hemamalini D. , Faizee K. M. Shahul Hameed , Piradhiba R. , Veerasankar S. , Dhayananth L. Xavier
Published: April 2022

Aim:  To assess the, awareness of stem cells among Orthodontists in India.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, self-modified, validated questionnaire-based, nationwide survey was conducted among practicing Orthodontists and postgraduate students belonging to various colleges in India. A total of 502 participants completed the questionnaire. Google Form link was generated and circulated. Data were imported in Microsoft Excel (Version 2016) format. The data was analyzed using SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 25.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill., USA). Inferential statistics were performed using the Chi-square test. Categorical variables were described using frequency and percentages.

Results: The awareness of the participants about stem cells was assessed. Statistically significant differences were obtained in comparing both the groups (p<0.0001)

Conclusion: This is a nationwide survey to assess the levels of awareness of the Postgraduate students and the Orthodontists towards dental stem cell therapy. It has been seen that there are a variety of responses across the zones among the groups. Overall comparisons have suggested that there is equitable knowledge among all the participants towards stem cell applications. Comparatively lesser scores have been reported by the postgraduates in the knowledge and awareness domains.
Application of i-Tree Eco for Ecological Evaluation of Street Trees
Authors: Na Young Rin , Lee Do Gyun , Kim Tae Jin
Published: April 2022

Environmental problems such as air pollution are worsening due to urbanization. Urban street trees have the advantage of alleviating environmental problems by carrying out air purification. Thus, it is necessary to obtain street tree information for efficient planting and management of trees. In the present study, the i-Tree Eco model was applied to classify street trees according to species and diameter at breast height. The amount of air pollutant removal, carbon storage, carbon sequestration, and oxygen generation by street trees was calculated. The field data of 43,124 street trees in Suwon, Korea, accounting for a total leaf area of 4,422,190 m2, including ginkgo, zelkova, and Japanese flowering cherry, were used. The total air pollutants (CO, NO2, O3, and SO2) removed by street trees in Suwon were calculated as 7.93 ton/yr. The carbon storage, sequestration, and oxygen production accompanying plant growth were 4,077, 299, and 797 ton/yr, respectively. Ginkgo was found to have the best efficiency in terms of carbon storage and sequestration, accounting for 30.3% and 31.5% of the total carbon storage and sequestration, respectively.
Earth Pressure Reduction Effect of Earth Retaining Walls Composed of Concrete Piles and Steel Piles
Authors: Lee Ganggeun , Park Yeonjun
Published: April 2022

Recently, earth retaining walls composed of ready-made piles have been studied for improving the structural safety of the wall and restricting adjacent ground deformation. However, these walls have been used in a limited manner as temporary retaining walls, without considering the earth pressure reduction effect, which interacts with the building structure. Hence, in this study, the behavior characteristics of earth retaining walls with ready-made concrete and steel piles are analyzed. The earth pressure reduction effect is estimated by quantitatively considering the interaction between the pile retaining wall and building structure. A laboratory model test is carried out to determine the earth pressure reduction effect based on the steel pile installation interval; numerical analysis is conducted for effect analysis based on the retaining wall height and ground condition. The earth pressure at the building structure decreases 15%-49.7% due to the interaction between the pile retaining wall and building structure.
Full-Scale Experiment-Based Structural Safety of Membrane Structural Soundproof Tunnels Using Steel Tube Trusses
Authors: Lee Sang-Youl , Noh Myung-Hyun , Choi Seong Joon , Lee Jang-Bok
Published: April 2022

In this study, the structural performances of membrane structural soundproof tunnels using circular steel tubes are investigated. Full-scale specimens are manufactured for monotonic and cyclic loading tests for snow and wind loads, and their combination. A full-scale experiment is performed to gain insights into the loading test details while considering the effects of membrane tension and the steel tube truss frame. Parametric results show that the soundproof tunnel structures proposed herein satisfy the requirements for structural safety as well as afford a lighter and more aesthetic design.
Causes of Misalignment of Concrete Tracks in Railroad Tunnels in Cold Weather
Authors: Woo Byoungkoo , Park Jongchan , Lim Namhyoung
Published: April 2022

For railway tunnels, concrete tracks are better than gravel tracks in terms of their life cycle cost (LCC), which includes initial construction and maintenance costs. Concrete tracks should have high-quality roadbed corresponding to the high-performance superstructure with high rigidity and high quality. Low-quality concrete tracks are more likely to be damaged due to the uplift deformation of the roadbed. In particular, some sections of railway tunnels where inverted concrete is not installed, misalignment occurs in some cases due to roadbed elevation. Because of these track misalignments, the operation speed of trains is limited in some sections of public railway tunnels, which causes problems in railway operation. Therefore, in this study, track misalignment and floor elevation are measured for a target railway tunnel; the inflow of groundwater is confirmed through drilling. In addition, rainfall and temperature data are analyzed using data from the Korea Meteorological Administration.
Application of Large-scale Climate Simulation Data to Evaluate the Scale of Extreme Rainfall Events: A Case of the 2018 Hiroshima Extreme-scale Rainfall Event
Authors: Kim Youngkyu , Son Minwoo , Kim Sunmin
Published: April 2022

This study aims to apply large-scale climate ensemble simulation data to evaluate the magnitude of extreme rainfall events. It was conducted on the basis of extreme rainfall that occurred in the Hiroshima region in 2018. This event recorded an extreme rainfall magnitude corresponding to a return period of 1,000 years at a 24-h rainfall duration; it is difficult to evaluate this magnitude with the concept of probability rainfall based on frequency analysis due to the short observation period. To overcome this limitation, the data for policy decision making for future (d4PDF) climate change database based on a large-scale climate ensemble simulation was used. These data provided 3,000 annual maximum daily rainfall values, which were used to empirically estimate the probability rainfall with a return period of 10-1,000 years based on a non-parametric approach without statistical methods. The estimated probability rainfall of the d4PDF was compared with the estimated probability obtained from the observed rainfall and frequency analysis. The difference between the two probability rainfall values was 3.53% for the return period of 50 years. However, as the return period increases, the error increases to more than 10%. This indicates that the estimation of the probability rainfall with a long-term return period using the observed data of a relatively short period may present uncertainties. Regarding the probability rainfall using d4PDF under present climate conditions, the Hiroshima event represented a return period of nearly 300 years. Meanwhile, for the probability rainfall using the d4PDF under future climate conditions, the Hiroshima event had a return period of nearly 100 years. Consequently, the magnitude of the probability rainfall increased in future climate conditions, and the probability of the occurrence of extreme rainfall corresponding to the Hiroshima event increased from 0.33% to 1%. Therefore, d4PDF can be used to quantitatively evaluate the magnitude of extreme rainfall events under present and future climate conditions.
Data Generation Approaches to Detect Abnormal Conditions in Water Distribution Systems
Authors: Jun Sanghoon , Choi Young Hwan
Published: April 2022

The water distribution system (WDS) abnormal condition detection is a technology that identifies WDS failure (e.g., pipe bursts) based on abnormal hydraulic behaviors. Its performance in detecting abnormal conditions is impacted by the quantity and quality of the collected hydraulic data. The hydraulic data for normal operation conditions could be provided using the measurements collected by smart meters and various other sensors. However, the abnormal condition hydraulic data cannot be obtained except by means of field tests and irregular system failures. Therefore, this study proposes three data generation approaches that utilize the following: (1) a hydraulic simulation model; (2) real-field WDS abnormal condition data (e.g., field tests, past failure data); and (3) both (1) and (2), simultaneously. Subsequently, the J-town network was applied in order to verify the proposed approaches. It was found that these approaches can generate synthetic failure data when considering the characteristics of actual events of failure and various other scenarios.
Additive Manufacturing of CoCrFeMnNi High‐Entropy Alloy/AISI 316L Stainless Steel Bimetallic Structures
Authors: Sokkalingam Rathinavelu , Chao Zhao , Sivaprasad Katakam , Muthupandi Veerappan , Jayaraj Jayamani , Ramasamy Parthiban , Eckert Jürgen , Prashanth Konda Gokuldoss
Published: April 2022

CoCrFeMnNi high‐entropy alloy (HEA)/AISI 316L stainless steel bimetals were additively fabricated using selective laser melting (SLM). The bimetal structure comprises three regions, i.e., CoCrFeMnNi‐HEA, AISI 316L stainless steel, and an interface between CoCrFeMnNi‐HEA, AISI 316L stainless steel. SLM processing results in the formation of columnar grains extending over many built layers epitaxially in a preferential <100> growth direction. The Vickers microhardness ranges mainly between 250 and 275 HV0.5 in all three observed regions. In addition, only a marginal variation in tensile strength is observed between the CoCrFeMnNi‐HEA, AISI 316L stainless steel, and the CoCrFeMnNi‐HEA/AISI 316L stainless steel bimetal. The unique higher work hardening behavior of the CoCrFeMnNi‐HEA prevents failure along the CoCrFeMnNi‐HEA side in the bimetallic structure during plastic deformation. The CoCrFeMnNi‐HEA shows higher pitting susceptibility than the AISI 316L stainless steel in the bimetallic structure due to its lower pitting potential. Further, the presence of pores and lack of fusion spots further decreases the pitting resistance of the CoCrFeMnNi‐HEA. Hence, the bimetal is prone to more preferential corrosion attack along the CoCrFeMnNi‐HEA side due to its anodic behavior and defects.
Visualizing Ultrafast Defect‐Controlled Interlayer Electron–Phonon Coupling in Van der Waals Heterostructures
Authors: Liu Huan , Wang Jiangcai , Liu Yuanshuang , Wang Yong , Xu Lujie , Huang Li , Liu Dameng , Luo Jianbin
Published: April 2022

Engineering ultrafast interlayer coupling provides access to new quantum phenomena and novel device functionalities in atomically thin van der Waals heterostructures. However, due to all the atoms of a monolayer material being exposed at the interfaces, the interlayer coupling is extremely susceptible to defects, resulting in high energy dissipation through heat and low device performance. The study of how defects affect the interlayer coupling at ultrafast and atomic scales remains a challenge. Here, using femtosecond transient absorption microscopy, a new defect‐induced ultrafast interlayer electron–phonon coupling pathway is identified in a WS2/graphene heterostructure, involving a three‐body collision between electrons in WS2 and both acoustic phonons and defects in graphene. This interaction manifests as the reduced defect‐related Raman resonant activity and the accelerated electron–phonon scattering time from 7.1 to 2.4 ps. Furthermore, the ultrafast interlayer coupling process is directly imaged. These insights will advance the fundamental knowledge of heat dissipation in nanoscale devices, and enable new ways to dynamically manipulate electrons and phonons via defects in van der Waals heterostructures.
The Role of Long‐Alkyl‐Group Spacers in Glycolated Copolymers for High‐Performance Organic Electrochemical Transistors
Authors: Tan Ellasia , Kim Jingwan , Stewart Katherine , Pitsalidis Charalampos , Kwon Sooncheol , Siemons Nicholas , Kim Jehan , Jiang Yifei , Frost Jarvist M. , Pearce Drew , Tyrrell James E. , Nelson Jenny , Owens Roisin M. , Kim Yun‐Hi , Kim Ji‐Seon
Published: April 2022

Semiconducting polymers with oligoethylene glycol (OEG) sidechains have attracted strong research interest for organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) applications. However, key molecular design rules for high‐performance OECTs via efficient mixed electronic/ionic charge transport are still unclear. In this work, new glycolated copolymers (gDPP‐TTT and gDPP‐TTVTT) with diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) acceptor and thiophene (T) and vinylene (V) thiophene‐based donor units are synthesized and characterized for accumulation mode OECTs, where a long‐alkyl‐group (C12) attached to the DPP unit acts as a spacer distancing the OEG groups from the polymer backbone. gDPP‐TTVTT shows the highest OECT transconductance (61.9 S cm–1) and high operational stability, compared to gDPP‐TTT and their alkylated counterparts. Surprisingly, gDPP‐TTVTT also shows high electronic charge mobility in a field‐effect transistor, suggesting efficient ion injection/diffusion without hindering its efficient electronic charge transport. The elongated donor unit (TTVTT) facilitates hole polaron formation to be more localized to the donor unit, leading to faster and easier polaron formation with less impact on polymer structure during OECT operation, as opposed to the TTT unit. This is supported by molecular dynamics simulation. These simultaneously high electronic and ionic charge‐transport properties are achieved due to the long‐alkyl‐group spacer in amphipathic sidechains, providing an important molecular design rule for glycolated copolymers.
Bioinspired Structures for Soft Actuators
Authors: Wei Shuzhen , Ghosh Tushar K.
Published: April 2022

Biological organisms present marvelous morphing behaviors from the quiescent blooming of flowers to the energetic wing‐flapping of birds that have always inspired humans to design better‐engineered products. The diversity of natural motion is attributed primarily to the intricate and hierarchical structure of actuators that are self‐assembled from nanoscale structures to superstructures. Compared to the biological actuators, their manmade counterparts, often with significantly limited capabilities, are fabricated from various materials with relatively simple structures using limited fabrication techniques. With the rapid developments in technologies that require soft robotics and human‐machine interfaces, there is increasing demand for soft actuators with improved capabilities such as larger output force, repeatability, and a more comprehensive range of motion. Biological actuators provide critical insights into the structure‐function relationship and offer exciting concepts to advance the science and technology of artificial soft actuators. Here, the design approaches found in natural actuation systems are discussed from the nanoscale to the highest levels in the structural hierarchy and the physical principles involved in their diverse actuation capabilities. In that context, finally, the fabrication techniques that have been utilized for manmade soft actuators, with a focus on the advantages, challenges, and concepts for potential future developments are reviewed.
Self‐Regulative Direct Ink Writing of Frontally Polymerizing Thermoset Polymers
Authors: Aw Jia En , Zhang Xiang , Nelson Arif Z. , Dean Leon M. , Yourdkhani Mostafa , Ewoldt Randy H. , Geubelle Philippe H. , Sottos Nancy R.
Published: April 2022

The ability to manufacture highly intricate designs is one of the key advantages of 3D printing. Achieving high dimensional accuracy requires precise, often time‐consuming calibration of the process parameters. Computerized feedback control systems for 3D printing enable sensing and real‐time adaptation and optimization of these parameters at every stage of the print, but multiple challenges remain with sensor embedment and measurement accuracy. In contrast to these active control approaches, here, the authors harness frontal polymerization (FP) to rapidly cure extruded filament in tandem with the printing process. A temperature gradient present along the filament, which is dependent on the printing parameters, can impose control over this exothermic reaction. Experiments and theory reveal a self‐regulative mechanism between filament temperature and cure kinetics that allows the frontal cure speed to autonomously match the print speed. This self‐regulative printing process rapidly adapts to changes in print speed and environmental conditions to produce complex, high‐fidelity structures and freestanding architectures spanning up to 100 mm, greatly expanding the capabilities of direct ink writing (DIW).
Comparison of knee arthrocentesis first‐attempt success between Ultrasound‐Guided, Ultrasound‐Localised and Landmark‐Guided techniques in the novice: A crossover study with random order of events
Authors: Delesky Edward Matthew , Gaughan John , Roberts Brian , Sodhi Sarab
Published: April 2022

Introduction/Purpose

To compare knee arthrocentesis first‐attempt success using landmark‐guided, ultrasound‐localised and ultrasound‐guided techniques when performed by third‐year medical students.

Methods

In this prospective, crossover study with randomised order of events, medical students performed three different arthrocentesis techniques on knee models: landmark‐guided, ultrasound‐localised and ultrasound‐guided. Each subject attempted the techniques in a randomly assigned permutation at both high‐ and low‐volume simulated knee effusions. The data were analysed with general estimating equations, which produced odds ratios comparing first‐attempt success between different techniques at all effusion volumes.

Results

Ninety four of 111 third‐year medical students were enrolled. Proportions of first‐attempt success for the landmark‐guided, US‐localised and US‐guided were 72%, 86% and 75%, respectively. For all effusion volumes, US‐localised demonstrated a statistically significant increase in first‐attempt success over the landmark‐guided technique, OR = 2.38 (95% CI: 1.52–3.70). There was a greater increase in first‐attempt success at low‐volume effusions, OR = 2.86 (95% CI: 1.47–5.56), but no significant increase at high‐volume effusions: OR = 1.85 (95% CI: 1.00–3.45). For all effusion volumes, US‐guided demonstrated no difference to first‐attempt success compared with landmark, OR = 1.15 (95% CI: 0.71–1.85). At low‐volume effusions, US‐guided demonstrated a statistically significant increase in first‐attempt success over landmark‐guided, OR = 2.17 (95% CI: 1.10–4.35), with no significant difference at high volumes, OR: 0.55 (95% CI: 0.28–1.06).

Discussion

The data presented here suggest that in this simulated knee model of arthrocentesis, ultrasound‐guided approaches tend to have best efficacy at lower volume effusions, while ultrasound localized tends to do best at higher volume effusions, and both tended to perform better than the landmark technique. This study specifically looked at novices to both arthrocentesis and ultrasound, so extrapolating these results to other groups would require more study, but suggests that ultrasound incorporation into arthrocentesis benefits may offer some benefits for success rates and first attempt success.

Conclusion

In simulated knee arthrocentesis, ultrasound‐guided techniques increased first‐attempt success over landmark‐guided techniques among medical students. This increase was most evident for arthrocentesis of smaller volume effusions.
Metallo‐Supramolecular Octahedral Cages with Three Types of Chirality towards Spontaneous Resolution
Authors: Xu Chen , Lin Quanjie , Shan Chuan , Han Xin , Wang Hao , Wang Heng , Zhang Wenjing , Chen Zhi , Guo Chenxing , Xie Yinghao , Yu Xiujun , Song Bo , Song Heng , Wojtas Lukasz , Li Xiaopeng
Published: April 2022

Chirality is one of the most important intrinsic properties of (supra)molecules. In this study, we obtained enantiomeric metallo‐supramolecular octahedra without using any chiral sources. Such cages were self‐assembled by prochiral trispyridine ligandLbased on aC3htruxene core and CuIIsalts. Crystallization of the cages with BF4−as counterions afforded racemate crystals; while crystallizations of cages with ClO4−and OTf−as counterions resulted in conglomerates with spontaneous resolution. Three types of chirality were observed in each cage, including planar chirality of the truxene core, axial chirality from the pyridyl and truxene moieties, and propeller chirality of the pyridyl‐CuIIcoordination sites. The cages reported here are among the largest discrete synthetic metallo‐supramolecules ever reported with chiral self‐sorting behavior. Remarkably, the chiral cages exhibited very slow racemization even at low concentrations, suggesting their high stability in solution.
On‐Surface Debromination of 2,3‐Bis(dibromomethyl)‐ and 2,3‐Bis(bromomethyl)naphthalene: Dimerization or Polymerization?
Authors: Tang Yanning , Ejlli Barbara , Niu Kaifeng , Li Xuechao , Hao Zhengming , Xu Chaojie , Zhang Haiming , Rominger Frank , Freudenberg Jan , Bunz Uwe H. F. , Muellen Klaus , Chi Lifeng
Published: April 2022

We describe the on‐surface dehalogenative homocoupling of benzylic bromides, namely bis‐bromomethyl‐ and bis‐gem‐(dibromomethyl) naphthalene as a potential route to either hydrocarbon dimers or conjugated polymers on Au(111). While bis‐gem‐(dibromomethyl) naphthalene affords different dimers with naphthocyclobutadiene as the key intermediate, bis‐bromomethyl naphthalene furnishes a poly(o‐naphthylene vinylidene) as a non‐conjugated polymer which undergoes dehydrogenation toward its conjugated derivative poly(o‐naphthylene vinylene) upon mild annealing. A combination of scanning tunneling microscopy, non‐contact atomic force microscopy and density functional theory calculations provides deep insights into the prevailing mechanisms.
Trap Inlaid Cationic Hybrid Composite Material for Efficient Segregation of Toxic Chemicals from Water
Authors: Fajal Sahel , Mandal Writakshi , Mollick Samraj , More Yogeshwer D. , Torris Arun , Saurabh Satyam , Shirolkar Mandar M. , Ghosh Sujit K.
Published: April 2022

Metal‐based oxoanions are potentially toxic pollutants that can cause serious water pollution. Therefore, the segregation of such species has recently received significant research attention. Even though several adsorbents have been employed for effective management of chemicals, their limited microporous nature along with non‐monolithic applicability has thwarted their large‐scale real‐time application. Herein, we developed a unique anion exchangeable hybrid composite aerogel material (IPcomp‐6), integrating a stable cationic metal–organic polyhedron with a hierarchically porous metal–organic gel. The composite scavenger demonstrated a highly selective and very fast segregation efficiency for various hazardous oxoanions such as, HAsO42−, SeO42−, ReO4−, CrO42−, MnO4−, in water, in the presence of 100‐fold excess of other coexisting anions. The material was able to selectively eliminate trace HAsO42− even at low concentration to well below the AsV limit in drinking water defined by WHO.
Carbon Uniformly Distributed SiOx/C Composite with Excellent Structure Stability for High Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ling Yang , Gao Yuan , Peng Yan , Guan Shiyou
Published: April 2022

Silicon oxides (SiOx, 0<x<2) has been considered as one of the most promising candidate materials for high specific energy anode materials and attracted extensive attention. However, there are still some shortcomings within SiOx that extremely limit its promotion in industry, especially the large volume expansion and poor conductivity. Reasonable design of silicon oxides (SiOx) electrode material is very important to improve its energy storage performance. Here, we fabricated a novel porous SiOx/C nanohybrids based on the facile sol‐gel method followed by pyrolysis, in which carbon and SiOx not only exhibited uniform distribution at the nanoscale, the stability of SiOx/C network can also be easily adjusted via controlling the hydrolysis and condensation rate of precursors in situ. Thanks to the excellent electrical conductivity and structural stability of carbon, uniform distribution of SiOx and carbon at the nanoscale, as well as the porous structure. The SiOx/C(50) electrode, with the most appropriate carbon content, delivered a high lithium storage capacity and excellent cyclability. Specifically, a reversible capacity of 808 mA h g−1 can be achieved at 100 mA g−1, retaining 666 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles. And the reversible capacity still retained ∼550 mAh g−1 after 1200 cycles at a current density of 0.5 A g−1.
In vitro mucoadhesive properties of hydrophilic polymers: Effects of contact time, disk shape, and molecular weight
Authors: Kim Dohyun , Shin Daehyun , Koo Jain , Kim Jungseop , Na Seon Jeong , Bang Joon Seok , Na Dong Hee , Lee Jaehwi
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to investigate the effects of various factors, including contact time, disk shape, and polymer molecular weight, on the in vitro mucoadhesive properties of disks prepared using hydrophilic polymers. Mucoadhesive performance was evaluated by measuring the peak detachment force and work of adhesion values using tensile tests. The mucoadhesive force and work of adhesion values increased with increasing contact time between the polymeric disks and mucin gel layer until 60 s. Increased mucoadhesive performances were typically observed when the disks comprised high‐molecular‐weight polymers, which indicates the increase in the entanglement. Increasing the thicknesses of the disks allowed the disks to absorb more water and thereby have more flexible polymeric chains, enhancing the mucoadhesive capacity. The proportional increase in the mucoadhesive force and work values were observed with increasing the surface areas of the disks. In conclusion, this study comprehensively demonstrated the effects of various experimental factors on mucoadhesion.