bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discovery of the male of Temnolopha matura Diakonoff (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutini) in South Thailand
Authors: PINKAEW NANTASAK
Published: January 2019

Temnolopha was proposed by Lower (1901) for two species; Fernald (1908) subsequently designated T. mosaica Lower as the type species of the genus. Diakonoff (1968) synonymized Temnolopha with Phaecadophora Walsingham but later (Diakonoff 1973) reinstated it as a valid genus. Members of the genus are medium-sized tortricid moths with long, porrect labial palpi with the median segment strongly sinuate and the apex conspicuously pointed (Lower 1901, Diakonoff 1973, Horak 2006). Wing venation is typical of Olethreutini, but the accessory cell is small with the chorda arising between R2 and R3 (Horak 2006). The male genitalia are characterized by a tegumen with a clavate or hooked and ventrally bristled uncus; large, flat, densely hairy, drooping socii; and at least slightly asymmetrical, broad valvae. The female has a single signum comprised of a patch of scobination with one or two larger central teeth and one or two flattened, elongate-to-quadrate sclerites (Diakonoff 1973, Horak 2006). The genus includes five species worldwide (Brown 2005): Temnolopha mosaica Lower from Australia, T. sponditis (Meyrick) from South Africa, T. matura Diakonoff from Borneo, T. biguttata Diakonoff from Borneo (Diakonoff 1973), and T. abstrusana Kuznetsov from Vietnam (Kuznetsov 1988).
Microlepidoptera of Hong Kong: Oecophoridae II: description of three new species of the genus Variacma Wang
Authors: WANG SHU-XIA , YUAN GAI-XIA , KENDRICK ROGER C.
Published: January 2019

Three new species of the genus Variacma Wang are described from Hong Kong, China: V. hongkongensis sp. nov., V. bifariafera sp. nov. and V. tomentosa sp. nov. The female is recorded for the first time for the genus and the generic characters are redescribed. Images of adults and genitalia are provided, along with a key to all the known species based on the male genitalia.
Description of Chaetocladius longivirgatus sp. n., with a review of C. suecicus (Kieffer) (Diptera: Chironomidae)
Authors: STUR ELISABETH , SPIES MARTIN
Published: January 2019

The male imago of Chaetocladius longivirgatus sp. n. is described and diagnosed against a refined characterization of the species understood as C. suecicus (Kieffer) since Edwards (1929). The two species are separated by both morphology and partial COI sequences (DNA barcodes). An additional single male specimen shows pairwise genetic distances to C. suecicus and C. longivirgatus sp. n. as high as those between the latter two species, thus may represent a third European member in this species group. Morphologically, however, that male is inseparable from those of C. suecicus.
Description of a new genus, Boucekinus (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Torymidae), with two new species and a discussion of its placement
Authors: JANŠTA PETR , VILÍMOVÁ JITKA , HANSON PAUL
Published: January 2019

Boucekinus gen. nov. and two new species, B. masneri sp. nov. from Ecuador and B. tatianae sp. nov. from Costa Rica, are described; B. tatianae is designated as the type species. Boucekinus tatianae was reared from cecidomyiid galls on Anemopaegma chrysoleucum (Bignoniaceae) and B. masneri was collected by canopy fogging. The placement of this new genus within Torymidae is discussed.
A new brachypterous genus of Platyphyllini (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Pseudophyllinae) from Colombia
Authors: CADENA-CASTAÑEDA OSCAR J. , BRAUN HOLGER
Published: January 2019

Brachyplatyphylloides riosi gen. et sp. nov. from the eastern Andean foothills of Colombia is described. Among the Platyphyllini it is exceptional for having greatly reduced wings. As in several other members of the tribe, only the male sports a conspicuous coloration, which is briefly discussed.
New species and new records of Manota Williston (Diptera, Mycetophilidae) from Thailand, with a key to the Oriental and Palaearctic species
Authors: HIPPA HEIKKI
Published: January 2019

The following new species are described: Manota aquila, M. falcata, M. flammula and M. subcollina. The following are reported as new species for the Thailand fauna: M. calcarata Hippa, M. clausa Hippa, M. curvata Hippa, M. duplex Hippa, M. fera Hippa, M. ferrata Hippa, M. horrida Hippa, M. perangulata Hippa & Ševčík, M. pollex Hippa, and M. transversa Hippa. New records within Thailand are given of the following species: M. aconcinna Hippa, M. acutangula Hippa, M. ancylochaeta Hippa, M. biunculata Hippa, M. dentata Hippa & Papp, M. epigrata Hippa, M. globigera Hippa, M. heptacantha Hippa, M. inflata Hippa, M. mirifica Hippa & Papp, M. oligochaeta Hippa, M. ovata Hippa, M. pectinata Hippa, M. pellii Hippa, M. perlobata Hippa, M. perpusilla Hippa, M. planilobata Hippa, M. plusiochaeta Hippa, M. roslii Hippa, M. simplex Hippa, M. subferrata Hippa, M. submirifica Hippa, M. tetrachaeta Hippa, M. ulu Hippa, and M. vesicaria Hippa. Male genitalia of M. aconcinna Hippa are redescribed. The number of the known Oriental species of Manota is now 84, of which 56 are recorded from Thailand. A key to the Oriental and Palaearctic species is given.
A new cryptic rock-dwelling Hemidactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from south India
Authors: AGARWAL ISHAN , GIRI VARAD B. , BAUER AARON M.
Published: January 2019

A new species of gecko, Hemidactylus graniticolus sp. nov. is described from Karnataka state, south India. This largesized (SVL to at least 110.6 mm), rupicolous gecko differs from congeners in having 16–18 longitudinal rows of fairly regularly arranged, subtrihedral, weakly keeled, striated tubercles at midbody; 9–11 and 12–13 subdigital lamellae on the first and fourth digits, respectively, of both manus and pes; tail with transverse series of four enlarged tubercles on each tail segment; 23–28 femoral pores on each side separated by 1–3 poreless scales; 12–14 supralabials and 9–11 infralabials. Molecular data support the distinctiveness of the new species and its affinities with large-bodied, tuberculate Hemidactylus spp. from India and Sri Lanka.
A new Emoia samoensis group lizard (Squamata: Scincidae) from the Cook Islands, South-central Pacific
Authors: ZUG GEORGE R. , HAMILTON ALISON M. , AUSTIN CHRISTOPHER C.
Published: January 2019

The first published report of a large treeskink from Rarotonga, Cook Islands, appeared in 1988. The first museum voucher specimen was collected in 1984. Although this skink seems likely to be a recent arrival to the island of Rarotonga, it represents a unique member of the Emoia samoensis species group. We compare this population with other members of the E. samoensis group and describe the population as Emoia tuitarere n. sp., distinguished by a suite of external characters including SVL, number of dorsal scale rows, and number of subdigital lamellae of the fourth toe. We provide preliminary definitions for the concolor and samoensis species subgroups proposed by Brown (1991), although current molecular data do not support their monophyly (Hamilton et al., 2010).
Philosophically speaking, how many species concepts are there?
Authors: WILKINS JOHN S.
Published: January 2019

It’s an old question in biology: what is a species? Many different answers have been given over the years, and there are indefinitely many “definitions” in the literature. Adding to R. L. Mayden’s list of 22 definitions (Mayden, 1997) , I counted 26 in play since the Modern Synthesis (2009a), and a new one, which I call the “polyphasic” concept (basically a consilience of many lines of morphological, ecological, genetic, and physiological evidence), has been implicitly extended from bacterial and other microbial contexts to macrobial species, although the terminology has not yet been transplanted (Colwell, 1970; Vandamme et al., 1996). However, on another count there are seven “basic” species concepts: agamospecies (asexuals), biospecies (reproductively isolated sexual species), ecospecies (ecological niche occupiers), evolutionary species (evolving lineages), genetic species (common gene pool), morphospecies (species defined by their form, or phenotypes), and taxonomic species (whatever a taxonomist calls a species).
Steinernema pui sp. n. (Rhabditida, Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from Yunnan, China
Authors: QIU LIHONG , ZHAO JINGXIU , WU ZHONGDAO , LV ZHIYUE , PANG YI
Published: January 2019

A new species of entomopathogenic nematode, herein described as Steinernema pui sp. n. was recovered from a soil sample collected from Xiao-jie town, Jing-hong city, Xi-shuang-ban-na district in Yunnan province, the People’s Republic of China in December 2002. Both morphological and molecular evidence show congruently that S. pui sp. n. belongs to the S. glaseri group. It can be separated from all described Steinernema species by a combination of morphological and morphometrical characters of adult and juvenile stages, including spicule and gubernaculum shape of the first generation males (spicule bearing an aperture on the tip and an irregular-shaped concave on ventral side of the lamina close to the tip; gubernaculum with a short needle-shaped cuneus); the tail and vulva shape of the first generation females (tail conoid and pointed with a mucron; vulva with a short double flapped epiptygma) and the body and tail length, distance from anterior end to excretory pore and to the base of pharynx of infective juveniles. The new species can also be distinguished from other Steinernema species by DNA sequences of either a partial 28S rDNA or the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of rDNA, and from the closely related species S. longicaudum and S. guangdongense by cross-breeding tests.
Systematics, ecology and distribution of the mygalomorph spider genus Cteniza Latreille, 1829 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Ctenizidae)
Authors: DECAE ARTHUR , MAMMOLA STEFANO , RIZZO PIERLUIGI , ISAIA MARCO
Published: January 2019

The type-genus of the mygalomorph spider family Ctenizidae (Cteniza) is newly diagnosed and described. The type-species of Cteniza (C. sauvagesi) is reestablished by describing and designating a neotype collected at the type locality of the species, in Corsica. Alongside the female neotype, the male of C. sauvagesi is redescribed, as well as both sexes of C. moggridgei. We confirm the presence of C. sauvagesi in Sardinia and record this species for the first time in mainland Italy (Calabria) and the island of Ponza (Thyrrenian Sea). Based on our findings, Cteniza sauvagesi and C. moggridgei are diagnosed on subtle differences in their morphology. Differences between the two species in ecology and distributions are also explored by means of species distribution modeling. Finally, we amend the taxonomic status of two species whose validities have long been questionable. C. brevidens is synonymized with C. sauvagesi, and C. ferghanensis is transferred to the genus Ummidia.
A revision of the Costa Rican species of Stenoeurilla Brailovsky & Barrera (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae: Stenoscelideini), with the description of two new species, new distributional records, synonymical note, and key to the known species
Authors: BRAILOVSKY HARRY , BARRERA ERNESTO
Published: January 2019

The genus Stenoeurilla Brailovsky & Barrera (Coreidae) in Costa Rica is revised. Two new species, S. herediana, and S. mesoamericana, are described. New distributional records for S. hansoni are added. A key to the known species of the genus is included. Photographs of dorsal habitus, male genital capsule and parameres are provided as well as drawings of hind tibiae. Stenoscelidea prolixa Brailovsky 1983 is placed in synonymy under Stenoeurilla aenescens (Stål) 1870.
A new species of freshwater crab of the genus Phallangothelphusa Pretzmann, 1965, from the foothills of the Serranía Yariguíes of Colombia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pseudothelphusidae)
Authors: CAMPOS MARTHA R. , LASSO CARLOS A. , ARIAS MARIBEL
Published: January 2019

A new species of Phallangothelphusa Pretzmann, 1965, is described from the foothills of the Serranía Yariguíes, Santander Department, Magdalena river basin, Colombia. The number of the species increases to five: P. dispar (Zimmer, 1912), P. magdalenensis Campos, 1998, P. juansei Campos, 2010, P. martensis Cardona & Campos, 2012, and P. tangerina n. sp. The new species is distinguished from its congeners mainly by the morphology of the first male gonopod, particularly by the shapes of the mesial and lateral processes, and the surface and outline form of the apex.
Description of the mature larva and pupa of Ora semibrunnea Pic (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) with notes on its biology
Authors: JORGE GABRIELLE , LIBONATTI MARÍA LAURA , BENETTI CESAR JOÃO , HAMADA NEUSA
Published: January 2019

In this paper we describe and illustrate for the first time the immature forms (larva and pupa) of Ora semibrunnea Pic, 1922, including biological information and behavior observed in the laboratory. This is the first record of the occurrence of this species in the Brazilian Amazon region. Larvae and pupae were found in natural lakes associated with macrophyte banks. Pupae are aquatic and have morphological adaptations (well-developed pronotal siphons) to obtain atmospheric O2 at the water surface.
Two new fossil representatives of Eurypinae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea: Mycteridae) from Eocene Baltic amber and placement of Neopolypria nigra Abdullah, 1964
Authors: ALEKSEEV VITALII I. , POLLOCK DARREN A. , BUKEJS ANDRIS
Published: January 2019

Two new species of Eurypinae (Coleoptera: Mycteridae) are described from Eocene Baltic amber from the Kaliningrad Region, Russia: Glesoconomorphus nachzehrer gen. et sp. nov. and Omineus febribilis sp. nov. The first new fossil taxon displays affinity to recent members of the Neotropical Conomorphus-Stilpnonotus lineage, and the second species was placed into the present-day eastern and southeastern Asian genus Omineus Lewis. The fossil Neopolypria nigra Abdullah, 1964 (Baltic amber) is moved from Mycteridae and placed as incertae sedis within Tenebrionoidea Latreille, 1802.
Review of the horse flies of the genus Atylotus Osten Sacken, 1876 (Diptera: Tabanidae) from Egypt, with description of a new species
Authors: EL-HASSAN GAWHARA M. M. ABU , BADRAWY HAITHAM B. M. , FADL HASSAN H. , MOHAMMAD SALWA K.
Published: January 2019

The genus Atylotus Osten Sacken in Egypt is revised. A new species Atylotus shagrensis sp. nov. is described collected from Wadi Shagra (Eastern Desert). A key to species with illustrations is provided. Diagnosis, specimens examined and distributions are given for each species.
Learning to deploy civilian capabilities: How the United Nations, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and European Union have changed their crisis management institutions
Authors: Dijkstra Hylke , Petrov Petar , Mahr Ewa
Published: January 2019

International organizations continuously deploy civilian capabilities as part of their peacekeeping and crisis management operations. This presents them with significant challenges. Not only are civilian deployments rapidly increasing in quantity, but civilian missions are also very diverse in nature. This article analyses how international organizations have learned to deploy their civilian capabilities to deal with a growing number and fast evolving types of operations. Whereas the previous literature has addressed this question for individual international organizations, this article uniquely compares developments in the United Nations (UN), European Union (EU) and Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), three of the largest civilian actors. Drawing on the concept of organizational learning, it shows that all three organizations have made significant changes over the last decade in their civilian capabilities. The extent of these changes, however, varies across these organizations. The article highlights that the EU, despite its more homogeneous and wealthier membership, has not been able to better learn to deploy its civilian capabilities than the UN or OSCE. We show that the ability of these organizations to learn is, instead, highly dependent on institutional factors.
Characterising Citizenship: Race, Criminalisation and the Extension of Internal Borders
Authors: Kapoor Nisha , Narkowicz Kasia
Published: January 2019

Citizenship in the UK has in recent times been explicitly framed as a privilege not a right, granted selectively and withdrawn from some. There are several criteria that assist the government in distinguishing those deserving of British citizenship from those undeserving, one of the key ones being ‘character’. The ‘bad character’ criterion can apply for multiple reasons from inconsistencies in immigration paperwork to direct or indirect political associations with a range of disavowed political groups. Although not new, ‘bad character’ has become a principle reason for citizenship refusals in recent years, though has received little academic scrutiny. By bringing together quantitative and qualitative data on citizenship refusals, the article maps the scale of this measure, outlining what it means and to whom it applies. It argues that the ‘bad character’ criterion operates as a racialised exclusionary mechanism that constitutes a new set of amorphous restrictions upon the lives of non-white denizens.
What Youth With Special Needs in Juvenile Justice Say About Reentry: Listening to Their Voice
Authors: Mathur Sarup R. , Griller Clark Heather , Hartzell Rebecca I. , LaCroix Leslie , McTier Terrence S.
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this study was to listen to what youth with special needs in juvenile justice (JJ) settings say they need to be successful during reentry. The three instruments used to gain an understanding of their perspectives on reentry and their perceptions of barriers include (a) intake interviews, (b) focus groups, and (c) semi-structured post-release interviews. Major themes shared are related to reentry programming, post-release transition activities, barriers to success, influences, and outcomes. This article also notes the differences between productively engaged and not productively engaged youth. Finally, the article discusses implications of these findings on transition programming and reentry practices for youth and JJ settings.
Managing mucormycosis in a resource-limited setting: challenges and possible solutions
Authors: Gupta Nitin , Singh Gagandeep , Xess Immaculata , Soneja Manish
Published: January 2019

Mucormycosis is a potentially fatal fungal infection with high prevalence in poor-resource settings. Besides being an extremely expensive disease to treat, the challenges range from lack of experienced mycologists or mycology department to knowledge and availability of treatment regimes.
What Is the Relationship Between Alliance and Militarized Conflict? Analysis of Reciprocal Causation
Authors: Kim Hyung Min , Woo Jungmoo , Lee Jae Chul
Published: January 2019

Despite the importance of alliances in international politics, little is known about how they theoretically and empirically affect militarized conflicts and vice versa. This study aims to examine the reciprocal relationship between alliances and militarized conflicts. The literature has focused only on the effects of alliances on militarized conflicts without paying much attention to the simultaneous causation between them. Thus, previous studies have not consistently revealed a relationship between alliances and conflict. Moreover, they are limited due to the use of dichotomous measures of shared alliance ties. Using a continuous measure of alliance ties, this study clearly demonstrates that shared alliance ties can be effective in reducing the likelihood of militarized conflicts. In addition, this study finds that there is a reciprocal relationship between shared alliances and militarized conflicts. It finds that militarized conflicts tend to decrease the level of shared alliance ties. Then, this study argues that alliance might be added to the next element behind the Kantian tripod as a salient factor that reduces militarized conflict. Finally, this study points to insights to be gained from the findings and suggests some policy implications.
Turkish political Islam’s failure
Authors: Aktar Cengiz
Published: January 2019

The article argues that the failure of political Islam in Turkey is correlated with the characteristics of the polity that are broadly undemocratic. Political Islam not only failed to propose a new narrative but produced the so-called New Turkey that displays familiar totalitarian features. The article examines the approaches political Islam used to assert its rule, namely, dewesternization, Islam’s nationalization and instrumentalization, majoritarianism, empowering devout masses, and synergizing with the undemocratic culture.
Increased Accuracy, Confidence, and Efficiency in Anterior Ethmoidal Artery Identification with Segmented Image Guidance
Authors: Itayem Deeyar A. , Anzalone C. Lane , White James R. , Pallanch John F. , O'Brien Erin K.
Published: January 2019

Objective

To determine whether using image guidance technology with 3‐dimensional image segmentation increases the endoscopic surgeon's accuracy, efficiency, and confidence in identifying the anterior ethmoidal artery.

Methods

This is a cross‐sectional study of attending physicians and residents at an academic medical center. Because identification of the anterior ethmoidal artery during image‐guided surgery can be challenging, we studied the effect of anterior ethmoidal artery image segmentation (ie, partitioning and coloring) on surgeon test performance. A computerized test was administered to 16 surgeons who were asked to identify the anterior ethmoidal artery on multiplanar computed tomographic images and to answer multiple‐choice questions. Half the questions showed segmented images of the anterior ethmoidal artery, and half showed images without segmentation. Efficiency and accuracy of identification and subjective surgeon confidence were determined for each question. Descriptive statistics were used to compare test performance for identification of the anterior ethmoidal artery on images with or without segmentation.

Results

Percentage of correct answers (P <. 001), efficiency (P <. 001), and confidence (P <. 001) in identification of the anterior ethmoidal artery were significantly better with segmented computed tomographic images.

Discussion

We demonstrated that use of segmented images improves surgeons’ accuracy, confidence, and efficiency for identification of the anterior ethmoidal artery.

Implications for Practice

We describe how segmentation can allow surgeons to improve the surgical course by increasing their accuracy, confidence, and efficiency in identifying the anterior ethmoidal artery.
On the shores of politics: Sea, solidarity and the Ships to Gaza
Authors: Kosmatopoulos Nikolas
Published: January 2019

In this article, I focus attention on the sea as a space for today’s solidarity politics. Following the Ships to Gaza as they headed to breach the Israeli embargo of the seaside enclave, I explore the largely understudied relationship between the politics of solidarity and the materiality of the sea. I ask: What are the wider implications for politics and theory when the global solidarity movement turns to the sea to protest the occupation in Palestine and provide aid to the besieged population in Gaza? I suggest the term “terraqueous solidarities” to define grassroots political movements that take to the sea to practice solidarity with those resisting contemporary forms of colonial enclosure and state oppression. I argue that sea-based solidarity inadvertently crafts a novel space for solidarity politics. Within this space I identify the shore as the dynamic interface between forces of territorialization and practices of solidarity. Echoing Rancière, and looking at the shores of politics from the militarized coast off Gaza to the Greek ports from where the Ships sailed, I explore three iterations of the shore, in both material and metaphorical sense, which contribute in forging new relationships between the topoi of politics and the politics of utopia.
Exploring the Use of a Multiple-Gating Screening Process to Identify Preschool-Age Children for Multitiered Instructional Support
Authors: Stuckey Adrienne , Albritton Kizzy
Published: January 2019

Many recent studies about preschool early language and literacy skills utilize multiple assessments to identify young children who require additional multitiered instructional support. Although the use of a single screening instrument may be efficient but overidentify children in need of intervention, the universal administration of multiple diagnostic assessments can allow for greater precision but strain available local resources. This study explored the use of a multiple-gating screening procedure to identify preschool-age children from low-income backgrounds who exhibit early literacy and language weaknesses and may be in need of additional instructional support. A brief early language and literacy screening measure was administered to all children followed by an oral language diagnostic measure administered to a subset of children based on predetermined criteria. Findings suggest that the multiple-gating procedure decreased the rate of false positives and may be an effective screening approach for early childhood settings. Implications for future research are discussed.
Multi-objective design optimization of a high efficiency and low noise blower unit of a car air-conditioner
Authors: Kamada Masaru , Shimoyama Koji , Sato Fumito , Washiashi Junya , Konishi Yasufumi
Published: January 2019

Car air-conditioners consist of a blower unit and a heater unit. A blower unit sends wind to a heater unit, and a heater unit adjusts the temperature inside the vehicle. Blower units of car air-conditioners are required to be smaller, lighter, noiseless, and power-saving. However, it is difficult and expensive to predict the noise directly by computational fluid dynamics simulation. Hereupon, this study employs an indirect noise prediction method based on a noise prediction theory to evaluate noise for blower units inexpensively. This method is investigated through a comparison with actual sound pressure level measurement. Then, using this method, this study moves to design optimization of a blower unit of car air-conditioners. The optimization aims to improve total pressure efficiency and sound pressure level from the current design that has been employed for a real commercial vehicle. This study employs a genetic algorithm to explore global optima in a two-objective problem. The present genetic algorithm is assisted by the Kriging surrogate model to reduce computational cost required for evaluating objective functions. The optimization results indicate that the optimized blower unit involves a multi-blade fan with the high chord-pitch ratio to decrease the loss of total pressure efficiency, which is often induced by the flow separation on the blade and the swirling flow on the meridional plane. In addition, the sound pressure level of blower unit can be reduced by decreasing the local flow velocity on the meridian plane due to a blockage factor. A blower unit, which has a scroll with a large tongue angle, shows high total pressure efficiency because the increase in eddy loss is suppressed at the tongue. They suggest the importance of the matching of multi-blade fan and scroll to achieve the good overall performance of a blower unit.
Psychological Constellations Assessed at Age 13 Predict Distinct Forms of Eminence 35 Years Later
Authors: Bernstein Brian O. , Lubinski David , Benbow Camilla P.
Published: January 2019

This investigation examined whether math/scientific and verbal/humanistic ability and preference constellations, developed on intellectually talented 13-year-olds to predict their educational outcomes at age 23, continue to maintain their longitudinal potency by distinguishing distinct forms of eminence 35 years later. Eminent individuals were defined as those who, by age 50, had accomplished something rare: creative and highly impactful careers (e.g., full professors at research-intensive universities, Fortune 500 executives, distinguished judges and lawyers, leaders in biomedicine, award-winning journalists and writers). Study 1 consisted of 677 intellectually precocious youths, assessed at age 13, whose leadership and creative accomplishments were assessed 35 years later. Study 2 constituted a constructive replication—an analysis of 605 top science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) graduate students, assessed on the same predictor constructs early in graduate school and assessed again 25 years later. In both samples, the same ability and preference parameter values, which defined math/scientific versus verbal/humanistic constellations, discriminated participants who ultimately achieved distinct forms of eminence from their peers pursuing other life endeavors.
Interpreting the historical terrestrial vertebrate biodiversity of Cayman Brac (Greater Antilles, Caribbean) through collagen fingerprinting
Authors: Harvey Virginia L , Egerton Victoria M , Chamberlain Andrew T , Manning Phillip L , Sellers William I , Buckley Michael
Published: January 2019

Cayman Brac (Cayman Islands) lies within the Caribbean Islands Biodiversity Hotspot, an epicenter of high biodiversity and endemism. However, all endemic terrestrial mammals on the Cayman Islands are now extinct, following post-1500 AD human colonization of the islands. Introduced rodents and domesticated mammals now exclusively represent this facet of terrestrial fauna on the Cayman Islands, and are a likely cause of endemic species loss on the islands. Cayman Brac has numerous caves and rock fissures that offer protection to a naturally accumulated ensemble of vertebrate sub-fossil bone remains, documenting modifications in island biodiversity through the Holocene. In this study, we showcase the first molecular faunal survey undertaken on sub-fossil remains from the Cayman Islands, using collagen fingerprinting for taxonomic identification of the cave skeletal deposits collected from a single cave system, Green Cave on Cayman Brac. Collagen type (I) extracts from 485 bone fragments were analyzed to determine faunal identity and assemblage composition. A total of 76% of the collagen fingerprint-yielding samples were mammalian in origin, 67% of which were identified as invasive murid rodents. Here, we present mass spectral biomarkers for the endemic terrestrial mammal fauna of Cayman Brac, including the extinct capromyid rodents, Capromys and Geocapromys (Rodentia: Capromyidae), alongside commentary on the composition of the sub-fossil bone assemblage between the five distinct depositional chambers that comprise Green Cave. Collagen (I) provides a key service in taxonomic identification and mapping of macroevolutionary trends, and these results suggest a pivotal role for murid rodents in the competition and extinction of terrestrial endemic mammals from the Cayman Islands.
Impact of Locally Adopted Simulation-Based Crew Resource Management Training on Patient Safety Culture: Comparison Between Operating Room Personnel and General Health Care Populations Pre and Post Course
Authors: Man Adeline P. N. , Lam Carmen K. M. , Cheng Benny C. P. , Tang Kam-Shing , Tang Pui-Fun
Published: January 2019

Crew resource management (CRM) was introduced to enhance patient safety and reduce medical errors through multidisciplinary learning experience. This study investigates the impact of locally adopted simulation-based CRM training on participants’ perceptions and knowledge. A 32-item web-based questionnaire was administered pre course, 1 month, and 1 year post course to assess changes in perceptions and knowledge. Another 12-item paper-based questionnaire was administered immediately post course to assess reactions. Among 712 participants analyzed, 165 were operating room staff. The majority agreed that the training is useful and relevant in daily practice. All participants showed significant improvements in perception and knowledge 1 month post course; however, these improvements declined 1 year post course. The CRM course is associated with satisfactory reaction (Kirkpatrick level 1) and improvement in attitude and knowledge (level 2) toward patient safety. However, the effect may be short-lived and regular refresher courses should be mandatory to sustain momentum of ongoing change.
Online Representations of “Genome Editing” Uncover Opportunities for Encouraging Engagement: A Semantic Network Analysis
Authors: Calabrese Christopher , Anderton Brittany N. , Barnett George A.
Published: January 2019

Genome editing is an emerging socio-scientific issue. This study uses semantic network analysis to determine the concepts and frames the public is exposed to when seeking information about “genome editing” in Wikipedia and Google. Four frames were identified in Wikipedia: (1) methodology/terminology, (2) applications, (3) common approaches, and (4) DNA repair mechanisms. Three frames were identified in the Google webpages: (1) scientific contributions, (2) applications, and (3) methodology/terminology. Both representations of genome editing focused on technical information rather than social concerns. Most of the words in both networks were neutral in sentiment, suggesting an opportunity for encouraging engagement around this technology.
Pharmaceutical interventions to improve safety of chemotherapy-treated cancer patients: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Daupin Johanne , Perrin Germain , Lhermitte-Pastor Chloe , Loustalot Marie-Caroline , Pernot Simon , Savoldelli Virginie , Thibault Constance , Landi Bruno , Sabatier Brigitte , Caudron Eric
Published: January 2019

Purpose

Cancer chemotherapy is a high-risk process. To improve patient safety, a systematic pharmaceutical analysis of chemotherapy prescriptions is performed in our institution. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of pharmaceutical interventions (PIs) on the safety of patient chemotherapy prescriptions.

Methods

This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in an 800-bed university hospital with oncology departments. All chemotherapy prescriptions were included and PIs were collected prospectively during one month. The clinical impact of PIs was scored by an expert panel of oncologists and pharmacists, using the Hatoum scale. Univariate and multivariate analysis were conducted to identify factors associated with a higher frequency of PIs.

Results

Of 1346 prescriptions included, 129 required a PI (9.6% (95% CI: 8.1–11.4)). Most PIs were scored as having at least a significant impact for patient safety (69.8% (95% CI: 60.4–76.9)). The frequency of PIs was significantly associated with tumour site (p = 0.04) and weekday of prescription (p = 0.005). Multivariate analysis identified factors independently associated with PI performance, including pancreas and biliary tract cancers (odds ratio = 2.8 (95% CI: 1.4–5.3)), ovary cancers (odds ratio = 2.4 (95% CI: 1.2–4.8)) and head and neck cancers (odds ratio = 2.4 (95% CI: 1.1–5.1)) and the day 1 of the protocol with a cytotoxic agent (odds ratio = 3.7 (95% CI: 1.1–11.1)).

Conclusions

Oncology pharmacists have a critical role in the safety of chemotherapy prescriptions. The coordination between healthcare professionals and access to patient data seem essential to improve the PIs' relevance and their clinical impact on patient safety.
Anti-biofilm efficacy of single and binary treatments based on plant essential oils against Escherichia coli persistent in food-processing facilities
Authors: Vázquez-Sánchez Daniel , Galvão Juliana Antunes , Mazine Marina Rodrigues , Micotti da Gloria Eduardo , de Souza Vieira Thais Maria Ferreira
Published: January 2019

The efficacy of single and combined treatments based on plant essential oils was investigated against Escherichia coli strains persistent in food-processing facilities. Surface materials (stainless steel and polystyrene), disinfectants (peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite), and conditions (25 ℃, frequency of sanitizing of 24 h) commonly present in the food industry were also used to reach a more realistic approach. Thyme and pepper–rosmarin oils were significantly ( P < 0.05) very effective against planktonic cells and biofilms formed by strains E6 and E7, respectively, followed by peracetic acid. Meanwhile, craveiro oil showed an efficacy that is significantly ( P < 0.05) higher than sodium hypochlorite. All these disinfectants except sodium hypochlorite were able to kill 99.99% of biofilm cells in the range of concentrations tested (0.1%–3% v/v). However, binary treatments were needed to decrease the doses of these essential oils significantly ( P < 0.05) for the control of E. coli biofilms. The effectiveness of peracetic acid against E. coli biofilms was also improved by blending with these essential oils. In particular, blends of pepper–rosmarin with thyme or peracetic acid demonstrated a suitable effectiveness for the control of persistent E. coli present in food-related environments. The application of these treatments could also reduce the current environmental impact generated during food-processing sanitization.
Total serum magnesium in cats with chronic kidney disease with nephrolithiasis
Authors: Chacar Fernanda Chicharo , Kogika Marcia Mery , Ferreira Andréa C , Kanayama Khadine K , Reche Archivaldo
Published: January 2019

Objectives

Magnesium has been ‘the forgotten ion’ for many years. Over the past decade, however, the role of magnesium in essential physiological functions and several illness conditions have been elucidated. Nevertheless, the investigation of magnesium in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and nephrolithiasis is yet to be determined. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether CKD cats with nephrolithiasis have changes in total serum magnesium concentrations, and whether magnesium disorders may be associated with other electrolyte disturbances, as well as with prognosis. We also aimed to evaluate whether total serum magnesium concentration differs between CKD cats with and without nephrolithiasis.

Methods

Total serum magnesium concentrations were assessed in 42 cats with CKD with stage 1–4 nephrolithiasis. The correlation between magnesium and other electrolytes, as well as Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, were performed. We also selected 14 control cats with CKD without nephrolithiasis age-matched with 14 cats with CKD with nephrolithiasis.

Results

Hypermagnesemia was observed in 16/42 (38.1%) and hypomagnesemia in 6/42 (14.3%) cats. Serum magnesium abnormalities were observed in cats of all stages, and marked hypermagnesemia was noted in cats with stage 4 CKD with nephrolithiasis ( P <0.001). There was a negative correlation between total serum magnesium and ionized calcium ( r = −0.64; P <0.01), and a positive correlation between total serum magnesium and serum phosphorus ( r = 0.58, P = 0.01). Cats with CKD with nephrolithiasis and hypomagnesemia or hypermagnesemia had higher mortality than those with normal total serum magnesium concentration ( P <0.01), regardless of CKD stage. There was no difference in total serum magnesium concentration between CKD cats with and without nephrolithiasis.

Conclusions and relevance

Cats with CKD with nephrolithiasis have magnesium abnormalities. Hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia were associated with an increase in mortality, and thus total serum magnesium abnormalities may be used as prognostic factors in these cases.
A new machine learning model based on induction of rules for autism detection
Authors: Thabtah Fadi , Peebles David
Published: January 2019

Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disorder that describes certain challenges associated with communication (verbal and non-verbal), social skills, and repetitive behaviors. Typically, autism spectrum disorder is diagnosed in a clinical environment by licensed specialists using procedures which can be lengthy and cost-ineffective. Therefore, scholars in the medical, psychology, and applied behavioral science fields have in recent decades developed screening methods such as the Autism Spectrum Quotient and Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers for diagnosing autism and other pervasive developmental disorders. The accuracy and efficiency of these screening methods rely primarily on the experience and knowledge of the user, as well as the items designed in the screening method. One promising direction to improve the accuracy and efficiency of autism spectrum disorder detection is to build classification systems using intelligent technologies such as machine learning. Machine learning offers advanced techniques that construct automated classifiers that can be exploited by users and clinicians to significantly improve sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and efficiency in diagnostic discovery. This article proposes a new machine learning method called Rules-Machine Learning that not only detects autistic traits of cases and controls but also offers users knowledge bases (rules) that can be utilized by domain experts in understanding the reasons behind the classification. Empirical results on three data sets related to children, adolescents, and adults show that Rules-Machine Learning offers classifiers with higher predictive accuracy, sensitivity, harmonic mean, and specificity than those of other machine learning approaches such as Boosting, Bagging, decision trees, and rule induction.
Watching Disaster News Online and Offline: Audiences Experiencing News about Far-away Disasters in a Postbroadcast Society
Authors: Huiberts Eline
Published: January 2019

In a postbroadcast society with both online and offline news media widely available, there are many ways for an audience to (actively) consume news about distant suffering. This focus group study looks into the combined use of broadcast media (television) and a postbroadcast platform (Facebook) for watching disaster news. It is considered that the interactive possibilities offered online to watch and experience the news, combined with watching news on television, could possibly help in fostering a closer relation between a Western audience and the distant suffering. Informed by concepts from social and moral psychology, the findings show not only that personal narratives on social media have the potential to incite a more personal connection between the audience and the distant sufferer but also that this potential was not to be overestimated.
Enhancing Effect of 100.414-kHz Electromagnetic Field Produced by Defender’s Pulse Generator on the ChIFN γ-Like Molecule Inducing Capacity of Lens culinaris Agglutinin and 10% PBS Washouts of Different Holocene Minerals
Authors: Filipič Bratko , Rihar Klemen , Gregorič Dunja Exel , Gradišnik Lidija , Pereyra Adriana , Đermić Damir , Daničić Časlav , Mazija Hrvoje
Published: January 2019

Macrophages play key role in host defense and tissue repair, and thus understanding regulation of their function is important. For instance, our previous results have shown that in chicken macrophage system (CoMA cell line), application of a pulse of electromagnetic fields of frequencies 0.618, 1.054, 5.229, and 100.414 kHz induces production of interferon γ-like molecules. In this study, we have shown that the electromagnetic field of 100.414 kHz is the most effective in inducing synthesis of chicken interferon γ and chicken interferon γ-like molecules in CoMA cells, especially when combined with Lens culinaris agglutinin and 10% phosphate-buffered saline washouts of different Holocene minerals. A 2-minute pulse of electromagnetic field was produced by Defender’s pulse generator. Both chicken interferon γ and chicken interferon γ-like molecules from the cell supernatant were evaluated by an antiviral assay and were also analyzed with reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on Phenomenex, Aeris peptide columns. Our results show that application of a single inducing factor ( Lens culinaris agglutinin, 100.414 kHz electromagnetic field, 10% phosphate buffer saline washout) or combined usage of 2 of them moderately stimulated production of chicken interferon γ-like molecules (from 1.550 to 48.028 IU/mL), whereas the combination of 10% phosphate-buffered saline washout of Koprivnica rock + Lens culinaris agglutinin + 100.414 kHz/9 V resulted in an output of 162.122 IU/mL. Hence, we may conclude that a combined use of electromagnetic field, Holocene minerals, and Lens culinaris agglutinin greatly stimulates synthesis of chicken interferon γ-like molecules in CoMA cells.
A novel watermarking algorithm for three-dimensional point-cloud models based on vertex curvature
Authors: Liu Jing , Yang Yajie , Ma Douli , He Wenjuan , Wang Yinghui
Published: January 2019

A new blind watermarking scheme for three-dimensional point-cloud models is proposed based on vertex curvature to achieve an appropriate trade-off between transparency and robustness. The root mean square curvature of local set of every vertex is first calculated for the three-dimensional point-cloud model and then the vertices with larger root mean square curvature are used to carry the watermarking information; the vertices with smaller root mean square curvature are exploited to establish the synchronization relation between the watermark embedding and extraction. The three-dimensional point-cloud model is divided into ball rings, and the watermarking information is inserted by modifying the radial radii of vertices within ball rings. Those vertices taking part in establishing the synchronization relation do not carry the watermarking information; therefore, the synchronization relation is not affected by the embedded watermark. Experimental results show the proposed method outperforms other well-known three-dimensional point-cloud model watermarking methods in terms of imperceptibility and robustness, especially for against geometric attack.
A sensor node scheduling algorithm for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks
Authors: Wang Zhangquan , Chen Yourong , Liu Banteng , Yang Haibo , Su Ziyi , Zhu Yunkai
Published: January 2019

To improve the regional coverage rate and network lifetime of heterogeneous wireless sensor networks, a sensor node scheduling algorithm for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks is proposed. In sensor node scheduling algorithm, heterogeneous perception radius of sensor node is considered. Incomplete coverage constraint and arc coverage interval are analyzed. Regional coverage increment optimization model, arc coverage increment optimization model, and residual energy optimization model are proposed. Multi-objective scheduling model is established using weight factors and integrated function. Furthermore, the heuristic method is proposed to solve the multi-objective optimization model, and scheduling scheme of heterogeneous sensor nodes is obtained. When the network is in operation for a period of time, some sensor nodes are invalid and relevant regions are uncovered. The repair method is proposed to wake up sleep sensor nodes and repair the coverage blind area. The simulation results show that if keeping the same regional coverage rate, sensor node scheduling algorithm improves network lifetime, increases number of living sensor nodes, and keeps average node energy consumption at a low level. Under certain conditions, sensor node scheduling algorithm outperforms DGREEDY, two-tiered scheduling, and minimum connected cover.