bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeting IGF2BP3 in Cancer
Authors: Liu Xin , Chen Jiayu , Chen Wenliang , Xu Yangtao , Shen Yang , Xu Ximing
Published: May 2023

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) can regulate multiple pathways by binding to RNAs, playing a variety of functions, such as localization, stability, and immunity. In recent years, with the development of technology, researchers have discovered that RBPs play a key role in the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification process. M6A methylation is the most abundant form of RNA modification in eukaryotes, which is defined as methylation on the sixth N atom of adenine in RNA. Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) is one of the components of m6A binding proteins, which plays an important role in decoding m6A marks and performing various biological functions. IGF2BP3 is abnormally expressed in many human cancers, often associated with poor prognosis. Here, we summarize the physiological role of IGF2BP3 in organisms and describe its role and mechanism in tumors. These data suggest that IGF2BP3 may be a valuable therapeutic target and prognostic marker in the future.
The C-Terminal Tail of Mitochondrial Transcription Factor A Is Dispensable for Mitochondrial DNA Replication and Transcription In Situ
Authors: Kozhukhar Natalya , Alexeyev Mikhail F.
Published: May 2023

Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) is one of the widely studied but still incompletely understood mitochondrial protein, which plays a crucial role in the maintenance and transcription of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The available experimental evidence is often contradictory in assigning the same function to various TFAM domains, partly owing to the limitations of those experimental systems. Recently, we developed the GeneSwap approach, which enables in situ reverse genetic analysis of mtDNA replication and transcription and is devoid of many of the limitations of the previously used techniques. Here, we utilized this approach to analyze the contributions of the TFAM C-terminal (tail) domain to mtDNA transcription and replication. We determined, at a single amino acid (aa) resolution, the TFAM tail requirements for in situ mtDNA replication in murine cells and established that tail-less TFAM supports both mtDNA replication and transcription. Unexpectedly, in cells expressing either C-terminally truncated murine TFAM or DNA-bending human TFAM mutant L6, HSP1 transcription was impaired to a greater extent than LSP transcription. Our findings are incompatible with the prevailing model of mtDNA transcription and thus suggest the need for further refinement.
Helicobacter pylori Antibiotic Resistance: Molecular Basis and Diagnostic Methods
Authors: Medakina Irina , Tsapkova Larisa , Polyakova Vera , Nikolaev Sergey , Yanova Tatyana , Dekhnich Natalia , Khatkov Igor , Bordin Dmitry , Bodunova Natalia
Published: May 2023

Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common cause of human infections. Infected patients develop chronic active gastritis in all cases, which can lead to peptic ulcer, atrophic gastritis, gastric cancer and gastric MALT-lymphoma. The prevalence of H. pylori infection in the population has regional characteristics and can reach 80%. Constantly increasing antibiotic resistance of H. pylori is a major cause of treatment failure and a major problem. According to the VI Maastricht Consensus, two main strategies for choosing eradication therapy are recommended: individualized based on evaluating sensitivity to antibacterial drugs (phenotypic or molecular genetic method) prior to their appointment, and empirical, which takes into account data on local H. pylori resistance to clarithromycin and monitoring effectiveness schemes in the region. Therefore, the determination of H. pylori resistance to antibiotics, especially clarithromycin, prior to choosing therapeutic strategy is extremely important for the implementation of these treatment regimens.
Regulation of Gut Microflora by Lactobacillus casei Zhang Attenuates Liver Injury in Mice Caused by Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs
Authors: Li Yue , Zhao Liangjie , Sun Changyu , Yang Jingyi , Zhang Xinyue , Dou Sheng , Hua Qinglian , Ma Aiguo , Cai Jing
Published: May 2023

The gut–liver axis may provide a new perspective for treating anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury (ATDILI). Herein, the protective effect of Lactobacillus casei (Lc) was investigated by modulating gut microflora (GM) and the toll like receptor 4 (TLR4)–nuclear factor (NF)-κB–myeloiddifferentiationfactor 88 (MyD88) pathway. C57BL/6J mice were given three levels of Lc intragastrically for 2 h before administering isoniazid and rifampicin for 8 weeks. Blood, liver, and colon tissues, as well as cecal contents, were collected for biochemical and histological examination, as well as Western blot, quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and 16S rRNA analyses. Lc intervention decreased alkaline phosphatase (ALP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels (p < 0.05), recovered hepatic lobules, and reduced hepatocyte necrosis to alleviate liver injury induced by anti-tuberculosis drugs. Moreover, Lc also increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and Desulfovibrio and decreased Bilophila abundance, while enhancing zona occludens (ZO)-1 and claudin-1 protein expression compared with the model group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Lc pretreatment reduced the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) level and downregulated NF-κB and MyD88 protein expression (p < 0.05), thus restraining pathway activation. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that Lactobacillus and Desulfovibrio were positively correlated with ZO-1 or occludin protein expression and negatively correlated with pathway protein expression. Desulfovibrio had significant negative relationships with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and LPS levels. In contrast, Bilophila had negative associations with ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1 protein expressions and positive correlations with LPS and pathway proteins. The results prove that Lactobacillus casei can enhance the intestinal barrier and change the composition of the gut microflora. Moreover, Lactobacillus casei may also inhibit TLR4–NF-κB–MyD88 pathway activation and alleviate ATDILI.
After Ischemic Stroke, Minocycline Promotes a Protective Response in Neurons via the RNA-Binding Protein HuR, with a Positive Impact on Motor Performance
Authors: Pawletko Katarzyna , Jędrzejowska-Szypułka Halina , Bogus Katarzyna , Pascale Alessia , Fahmideh Foroogh , Marchesi Nicoletta , Grajoszek Aniela , Gendosz de Carrillo Daria , Barski Jarosław Jerzy
Published: May 2023

Ischemic stroke is the most common cause of adult disability and one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with a serious socio-economic impact. In the present work, we used a new thromboembolic model, recently developed in our lab, to induce focal cerebral ischemic (FCI) stroke in rats without reperfusion. We analyzed selected proteins implicated in the inflammatory response (such as the RNA-binding protein HuR, TNFα, and HSP70) via immunohistochemistry and western blotting techniques. The main goal of the study was to evaluate the beneficial effects of a single administration of minocycline at a low dose (1 mg/kg intravenously administered 10 min after FCI) on the neurons localized in the penumbra area after an ischemic stroke. Furthermore, given the importance of understanding the crosstalk between molecular parameters and motor functions following FCI, motor tests were also performed, such as the Horizontal Runway Elevated test, CatWalk™ XT, and Grip Strength test. Our results indicate that a single administration of a low dose of minocycline increased the viability of neurons and reduced the neurodegeneration caused by ischemia, resulting in a significant reduction in the infarct volume. At the molecular level, minocycline resulted in a reduction in TNFα content coupled with an increase in the levels of both HSP70 and HuR proteins in the penumbra area. Considering that both HSP70 and TNF-α transcripts are targeted by HuR, the obtained results suggest that, following FCI, this RNA-binding protein promotes a protective response by shifting its binding towards HSP70 instead of TNF-α. Most importantly, motor tests showed that reduced inflammation in the brain damaged area after minocycline treatment directly translated into a better motor performance, which is a fundamental outcome when searching for new therapeutic options for clinical practice.
Fermatean Fuzzy-Based Personalized Prioritization of Barriers to IoT Adoption within the Clean Energy Context
Authors: Reddy N Sai Snehitha , Krishankumar Raghunathan , Priya S Shanmugha , Cavallaro Fausto , Mardani Abbas , Ravichandran Kattur Soundarapandian
Published: May 2023

Globally, industries are focusing on green habits, with world leaders demanding net zero carbon; clean energy is considered an attractive and viable option. The Internet of things (IoT) is an emerging technology with potential opportunities in the clean energy domain for quality improvement in production and management. Earlier studies on IoTs show evidence that direct adoption of such digital technology is an ordeal and incurs adoption barriers that must be prioritized for effective management. Motivated by the claim, in this paper, the authors attempt to prioritize the diverse adoption barriers with the support of the newly proposed Fermatean fuzzy-based decision framework. Initially, qualitative rating information is collected via questionnaires on barriers and criteria from the circular economy (CE). Later, these are converted to Fermatean fuzzy numbers used by integrated approaches for decision processes. A regret scheme is put forward for determining CE criteria importance, and the barriers are prioritized by using a novel ranking algorithm that incorporates the WASPAS formulation and experts’ personal choices during rank estimation. The applicability of the developed framework is testified via a case example. Sensitivity analysis and comparison reveal the merits and limitations of the developed decision model. Results show that labor/workforce skill insufficiency, an ineffective framework for performance, a technology divide, insufficient legislation and control, and lack of time for training and skill practice are the top five barriers that hinder IoT adoption, based on the rating data. Additionally, the criteria such as cost cutting via a reuse scheme, resource circularity, emission control, and scaling profit with green habits are the top four criteria for their relative importance values. From these inferences, the respective authorities in the clean energy sector could effectively plan their strategies for addressing these barriers to promote IoT adoption in the clean energy sector.
A Robust Hybrid Deep Convolutional Neural Network for COVID-19 Disease Identification from Chest X-ray Images
Authors: Sanida Theodora , Tabakis Irene-Maria , Sanida Maria Vasiliki , Sideris Argyrios , Dasygenis Minas
Published: May 2023

The prompt and accurate identification of the causes of pneumonia is necessary to implement rapid treatment and preventative approaches, reduce the burden of infections, and develop more successful intervention strategies. There has been an increase in the number of new pneumonia cases and diseases known as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as a direct consequence of the spread of COVID-19. Chest radiography has evolved to the point that it is now an indispensable diagnostic tool for COVID-19 infection pneumonia in hospitals. To fully exploit the technique, it is crucial to design a computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) system to assist doctors and other medical professionals in establishing an accurate and rapid diagnosis of pneumonia. This article presents a robust hybrid deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) for rapidly identifying three categories (normal, COVID-19 and pneumonia (viral or bacterial)) using X-ray image data sourced from the COVID-QU-Ex dataset. The proposed approach on the test set achieved a rate of 99.25% accuracy, 99.10% Kappa-score, 99.43% AUC, 99.24% F1-score, 99.25% recall, and 99.23% precision, respectively. The outcomes of the experiments demonstrate that the presented hybrid DCNN mechanism for identifying three categories utilising X-ray images is robust and effective.
Temperature but Not Photoperiod Can Predict Development and Survival of an Invasive Apple Pest
Authors: He Xiong Z. , Wang Qiao
Published: May 2023

The apple leaf-curling midge, Dasineura mali Kieffer (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is an invasive pest of apple, and can contaminate fresh fruit for export, causing biosecurity problems. To provide crucial information for its pest risk analysis, forecast, and management, we investigated the effects of temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 °C) and daylengths (10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 h) on its development and survival. The midge eggs failed to hatch at 5 °C and larvae could not complete development at 10 °C. Pupation and emergence rates were significantly higher at 20 °C than at 15 °C and 25 °C. Daylength had no effect on these parameters. The low temperature threshold and thermal requirement to complete development from eggs to adults were 3.7 °C and 627 degree-days, respectively. The midge had a significantly lower thermal requirement for the completion of its lifecycle at 20 °C (614.5 degree-days) than at 15 °C (650.1 degree-days) and 25 °C (634.8 degree-days). The thermal model developed in this study provided accurate predictions of the number of D. mali generations and adult emergence time in each generation in different regions of New Zealand. We suggest that the model could be used to predict population dynamics of this pest in other parts of the world.
Infertility Treatments Resulting in Twin Pregnancy: Does It Increase the Risk for Future Childhood Malignancy
Authors: Shabtai Tal , Sheiner Eyal , Wainstock Tamar , Raziel Arie , Kessous Roy
Published: May 2023

Background: Controversy exists in the literature regarding the possible association between infertility treatments in singleton pregnancies and long-term risk for childhood malignancy. Data regarding infertility treatments in twins and long-term childhood malignancies are scarce. Objective: We sought to investigate whether twins conceived following infertility treatments are at an increased risk for childhood malignancy. Study design: A population-based retrospective cohort study, comparing the risk for future childhood malignancy in twins conceived by infertility treatments (in vitro fertilization and ovulation induction) and those who were conceived spontaneously. Deliveries occurred between the years 1991 and 2021 in a tertiary medical center. A Kaplan–Meier survival curve was used to compare the cumulative incidence of childhood malignancies, and a Cox proportional hazards model was constructed to control for confounders. Results: During the study period, 11,986 twins met the inclusion criteria; 2910 (24.3%) were born following infertility treatments. No statistically significant differences were noted between the groups comparing the rate (per 1000) of childhood malignancies (2.0 in the infertility treatments group vs. 2.2 in the comparison group, OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.41–2.62; p = 0.93). Likewise, the cumulative incidence over time was comparable between the groups (log-rank test, p = 0.87). In a Cox regression model, controlling for maternal and gestational age, no significant differences in childhood malignancies were noted between the groups (adjusted HR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.49–1.39, p = 0.47). Conclusions: In our population, twins conceived following infertility treatments are not at an increased risk for childhood malignancies.
X-Linked Retinoschisis Masquerading Uveitis
Authors: Mautone Luca , Birtel Johannes , Atiskova Yevgeniya , Druchkiv Vasyl , Stübiger Nicole , Spitzer Martin S. , Dulz Simon
Published: May 2023

X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) shows features also seen in patients with uveitis and is recognized as an uveitis masquerade syndrome. This retrospective study aimed to describe characteristics of XLRS patients with an initial uveitis diagnosis and to contrast these to patients with an initial XLRS diagnosis. Patients referred to a uveitis clinic, which turned out to have XLRS (n = 4), and patients referred to a clinic for inherited retinal diseases (n = 18) were included. All patients underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations, including retinal imaging with fundus photography, ultra-widefield fundus imaging, and optical coherence tomography (OCT). In patients with an initial diagnosis of uveitis, a macular cystoid schisis was always interpreted as an inflammatory macular edema; vitreous hemorrhages were commonly interpreted as intraocular inflammation. Patients with an initial diagnosis of XLRS rarely (2/18; p = 0.02) showed vitreous hemorrhages. No additional demographic, anamnestic, and anatomical differences were found. An increased awareness of XLRS as a uveitis masquerade syndrome may facilitate early diagnosis and may prevent unnecessary therapies.
Intermittent Surface Oxygenation Results in Similar Mitochondrial Protection and Maintenance of Aerobic Metabolism As Compared to Continuous Oxygenation during Hypothermic Machine Kidney Machine Perfusion
Authors: Darius Tom , Vergauwen Martial , Maistriaux Louis , Evrard Robin , Schlegel Andrea , Mueller Matteo , O’Neil Donna , Southam Andrew , Aydin Selda , Devresse Arnaud , De Meyer Martine , Gianello Pierre , Ludwig Christian , Dutkowski Philipp , Mourad Michel
Published: May 2023

Short bubble and subsequent surface oxygenation is an innovative oxygenation technique and alternative for membrane oxygenation during hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP). The metabolic effect of the interruption of surface oxygenation for 4 h (mimicking organ transport) during HMP was compared to continuous surface and membrane oxygenation in a pig kidney ex situ preservation model. After 30 min of warm ischemia by vascular clamping, a kidney of a ±40 kg pig was procured and subsequently preserved according to one of the following groups: (1) 22-h HMP + intermittent surface oxygenation (n = 12); (2) 22-h HMP + continuous membrane oxygenation (n = 6); and (3) 22-h HMP + continuous surface oxygenation (n = 7). Brief perfusate O2 uploading before kidney perfusion was either obtained by direct bubble (groups 1, 3) or by membrane (group 2) oxygenation. Bubble oxygenation during minimum 15 min was as efficient as membrane oxygenation in achieving supraphysiological perfusate pO2 levels before kidney perfusion. Metabolic tissue analysis (i.e., lactate, succinate, ATP, NADH, and FMN) during and at the end of the preservation period demonstrated similar mitochondrial protection between all study groups. Short bubble and subsequent intermittent surface oxygenation of the perfusate of an HMP-kidney might be an effective and cheap preservation strategy to protect mitochondria, eliminating the need/costs of a membrane oxygenator and oxygen source during transport.
Perinatal Outcomes after Liver Transplantation: Is There a Role for Aspirin Treatment?
Authors: Zeevi Gil , Braun Marius , Nesher Eviatar , Wiznitzer Arnon , Walfisch Asnat , Hadar Eran , Hochberg Alyssa
Published: May 2023

Background: We aimed to describe perinatal outcomes and evaluate aspirin treatment effects in liver-transplanted pregnant women. Methods: A retrospective study examining perinatal outcomes in liver transplant recipients at a single center (2016–2022). The effect of low-dose aspirin treatment on the risk of developing hypertensive disease in these patients was evaluated. Results: Fourteen deliveries in 11 pregnant liver transplant recipients were identified. Primary liver disease was Wilson’s in 50% of pregnancies. The median age was 23 years at transplant and 30 at conception. Tacrolimus was administered in all, steroids in 10 (71.43%), and aspirin (100 mg daily) in 7 (50.0%). Overall, two women (14.28%) developed preeclampsia, and one (7.14%) developed gestational hypertension. Median gestational age at delivery was 37 weeks (31–39 weeks), with six preterm births (between 31–36 weeks) and a median birthweight of 3004 g(range 1450–4100 g). None of those receiving aspirin developed hypertensive disease or suffered excessive bleeding during pregnancy, compared to two (28.57%) with pre-eclampsia in the non-aspirin group. Conclusion: Liver-transplanted pregnant women comprise a unique and complex patient population with overall favorable pregnancy outcomes. Based on our single-center experience and due to its safety profile and potential benefit, we recommend low-dose aspirin in all liver transplanted patients during pregnancy for preeclampsia prevention. Further large prospective studies are needed to corroborate our findings.
Office-Visit Heart Rate and Long-Term Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Byeon Jaeho , Choo Eun Ho , Choi Ik Jun , Lee Kwan Yong , Hwang Byung-Hee , Kim Chan Joon , Jeon Doo Soo , Ahn Youngkeun , Jeong Myung Ho , Chang Kiyuk
Published: May 2023

An elevated heart rate at admission or discharge is known to be associated with poor cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The association between post-discharge average office-visit heart rate and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with AMI has rarely been studied. We analyzed data for 7840 patients from the COREA-AMI registry who had their heart rates measured at least three times after hospital discharge. The office-visit heart rates were averaged and categorized into four groups by quartiles (<68, 68–74, 74–80, and >80 beats per minute). The primary end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke. During a median of 5.7 years of follow-up, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) affected 1357 (17.3%) patients. An average heart rate higher than 80 bpm was associated with an increased incidence of MACE compared to the reference average heart rate of 68–74 bpm. When dichotomized into <74 or ≥74 bpm, a lower average heart rate was not associated with MACE in patients with LV systolic dysfunction, in contrast to those without LV systolic dysfunction. An elevated average heart rate at office visits after AMI was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular outcomes. Heart rate monitoring at office visits after discharge provides an important predictor related to cardiovascular events.
Role of Statins after Endovascular Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Authors: Oh Gyu Chul , Lee Kwan Yong , Choo Eun Ho , Hwang Byung-Hee , Chung Wook Sung , You So-Jeong , Jeon JinKyung , Kwon Sol , Chang Kiyuk
Published: May 2023

The role of statins after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) has not been well established in an Asian context. In this study, the use of statins and their association with long-term health outcomes were evaluated in patients undergoing EVAR using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. Among the 8893 patients who underwent EVAR from 2008 to 2018, 3386 (38.1%) were on statins prior to the procedure. Patients using statins had a higher prevalence of comorbidities, such as hypertension (88.4% vs. 71.5%), diabetes mellitus (24.5% vs. 14.1%), and heart failure (21.6% vs. 13.1%), compared with non-users (all p < 0.001). After propensity score matching, statin use prior to EVAR was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.78–0.92, p < 0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.51–0.86, p = 0.002). Statin use following EVAR was associated with a lower risk of adverse events, but not significantly so. Patients on statins both preceding and following EVAR had a lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.91, p < 0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.44–0.87, p = 0.007), compared with statin non-users. Among Korean patients undergoing EVAR, the persistent use of statins prior to and after the procedure was associated with a lower risk of mortality, compared with non-statin users.
Global Prevalence of Severe Neonatal Jaundice among Hospital Admissions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Diala Udochukwu M. , Usman Fatima , Appiah Duke , Hassan Laila , Ogundele Tolulope , Abdullahi Fatima , Satrom Katherine M. , Bakker Caitlin J. , Lee Burton W. , Slusher Tina M.
Published: May 2023

Evidence regarding the adverse burden of severe neonatal jaundice (SNJ) in hospitalized neonates in resource-constrained settings is sparse. We attempted to determine the prevalence of SNJ, described using clinical outcome markers, in all World Health Organization (WHO) regions in the world. Data were sourced from Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Cochrane Library, African Journals Online, and Global Index Medicus. Hospital-based studies, including the total number of neonatal admissions with at least one clinical outcome marker of SNJ, defined as acute bilirubin encephalopathy (ABE), exchange blood transfusions (EBT), jaundice-related death, or abnormal brainstem audio-evoked response (aBAER), were independently reviewed for inclusion in this meta-analysis. Of 84 articles, 64 (76.19%) were from low- and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs), and 14.26% of the represented neonates with jaundice in these studies had SNJ. The prevelance of SNJ among all admitted neonates varied across WHO regions, ranging from 0.73 to 3.34%. Among all neonatal admissions, SNJ clinical outcome markers for EBT ranged from 0.74 to 3.81%, with the highest percentage observed in the African and South-East Asian regions; ABE ranged from 0.16 to 2.75%, with the highest percentages observed in the African and Eastern Mediterranean regions; and jaundice-related deaths ranged from 0 to 1.49%, with the highest percentage observed in the African and Eastern Mediterranean regions. Among the cohort of neonates with jaundice, the prevalence of SNJ ranged from 8.31 to 31.49%, with the highest percentage observed in the African region; EBT ranged from 9.76 to 28.97%, with the highest percentages reported for the African region; ABE was highest in the Eastern Mediterranean (22.73%) and African regions (14.51%). Jaundice-related deaths were 13.02%, 7.52%, 2.01% and 0.07%, respectively, in the Eastern Mediterranean, African, South-East Asian and European regions, with none reported in the Americas. aBAER numbers were too small, and the Western Pacific region was represented by only one study, limiting the ability to make regional comparisons. The global burden of SNJ in hospitalized neonates remains high, causing substantial, preventable morbidity and mortality especially in LMICs.
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Liver Fibrosis in Persons with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Ghana: A Study of Prevalence, Severity, and Contributing Factors Using Transient Elastography
Authors: Wiafe Yaw Amo , Afihene Mary Yeboah , Anto Enoch Odame , Nmai Richmond Ashitey , Amoah-Kumi Lois , Frimpong Joseph , Dickson Francis D. , Antwi Samuel O. , Roberts Lewis R.
Published: May 2023

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and pancreatic islet cell dysfunction. T2DM is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) because of impaired glucose metabolism in both conditions. However, it is widely assumed that people with T2DM in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have a lower prevalence of NAFLD than in other parts of the world. With our recent access to transient elastography, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of, severity of, and contributing factors to NAFLD in persons with T2DM in Ghana. We performed a cross-sectional study recruiting 218 individuals with T2DM at the Kwadaso Seventh-Day Adventist and Mount Sinai Hospitals in the Ashanti region of Ghana using a simple randomized sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic information, clinical history, exercise and other lifestyle factors, and anthropometric measurements. Transient elastography was performed using a FibroScan® machine to obtain the Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP) score and liver fibrosis score. The prevalence of NAFLD among Ghanaian T2DM participants was 51.4% (112/218), of whom 11.6% had significant liver fibrosis. An evaluation of the NAFLD group (n = 112) versus the non-NAFLD group (n = 106) revealed a higher BMI (28.7 vs. 25.2 kg/m2, p = 0.001), waist circumference (106.0 vs. 98.0 cm, p = 0.001), hip circumference (107.0 vs. 100.5 cm, p = 0.003), and waist-to-height ratio (0.66 vs. 0.62, p = 0.001) in T2DM patients with NAFLD compared to those without NAFLD. Being obese was an independent predictor of NAFLD in persons with T2DM than known history of hypertension and dyslipidaemia.
Negative Prognostic Impact of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist in Elderly Patients Receiving TAVR
Authors: Imamura Teruhiko , Narang Nikhil , Onoda Hiroshi , Tanaka Shuhei , Ushijima Ryuichi , Sobajima Mitsuo , Fukuda Nobuyuki , Ueno Hiroshi , Kinugawa Koichiro
Published: May 2023

Background: Morbidity and mortality following trans-catheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) remain high. Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors improve clinical outcomes in the cohort studied in this work. However, post-TAVR prognostic impact of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA), another neuro-hormonal blocker, remains uncertain. Here, we hypothesized that MRA was associated with improved clinical outcomes in elderly patients with severe aortic stenosis receiving TAVR. Methods: Consecutive patients who received TAVR at our institute between 2015 and 2022 were considered for inclusion. Propensity score matching analysis was performed to match pre-procedural baseline characteristics between those with and without MRA. The prognostic impact of MRA use on the composite primary endpoint consisting of all-cause death and heart failure during the 2-year observational period following index discharge was evaluated. Results: Among 352 patients who received TAVR, 112 patients (median 86 years, 31 men) were included, consisting of baseline-matched 56 patients with MRA and 56 patients without MRA. Following TAVR, patients with MRA had more impaired renal function compared with no MRA group. Following index discharge, serum potassium tended to increase, and renal function tended to decline in patients with MRA. Patients with MRA had a higher cumulative incidence of the primary endpoints during a two-year observational period (30% versus 8%, p = 0.022). Conclusions: Routine prescription of MRA might not be recommended in elderly patients with severe aortic stenosis receiving TAVR, given its negative prognostic impact. Optimal patient selection for MRA administration in this cohort needs further study.
Burden of Disease and Unmet Needs in the Diagnosis and Management of Atopic Dermatitis in Korea
Authors: Woo Yu Ri , Kim Hei Sung
Published: May 2023

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition associated with a significant disease burden in Korea. AD is highly prevalent among Korean children, adolescents, and adults, and can cause physical discomfort, psychological distress, and social isolation for those affected. Despite advances in our understanding of AD, there are still many unmet needs in diagnosing and managing the disease in Korea. One of the challenges in diagnosing AD is the lack of a definitive biomarker for AD in Korea, and there is a need for more effective, safe, and cost-effective treatments for AD. Therefore, finding out the current epidemiology, burden of AD, and how AD is currently being diagnosed in Korea and reviewing management options available in Korea will help resolve the unmet needs of AD patients in Korea. Addressing these and other unmet needs in AD management and diagnosis in Korea may improve outcomes for those affected by this challenging condition.
Ocular Manifestations of Takayasu’s Arteritis—A Case-Based Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Szydełko-Paśko Urszula , Przeździecka-Dołyk Joanna , Nowak Łukasz , Małyszczak Artur , Misiuk-Hojło Marta
Published: May 2023

Takayasu’s arteritis (TA) is a type of vasculitis in which inflammation develops in large vessels, especially in the aorta and its branches. Our study aims to determine the prevalence and type of ocular manifestations in TA. A systematic literature search was conducted in December 2022 using three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science). The following data were extracted from each article: the name of the first author; the patient’s age, sex, and origin (continent); circumstances connected with the diagnosis of TA; symptoms given by the patients; reported ocular manifestations; and administered treatment. The final analysis was based on data collected from 122 cases. Retinal ischemia, followed by optic neuropathy, cataract, and retinal artery occlusion, were the most prevalent eye conditions associated with the disease. Systemic steroid therapy, vascular procedures, and methotrexate were mainly used to treat pulseless disease. Patients mostly complained of gradual vision acuity loss, sudden vision acuity loss, ocular pain, and amaurosis fugax. The diagnosis of Takayasu’s arteritis should be considered in patients presenting symptoms of visual decline/loss, ocular pain, or signs of retinal ischemia, optic neuropathy, or early cataract formation. A proper diagnosis is crucial to ensure the patient receives treatment without significant delay.
Nonintubated versus Intubated Lung Volume Reduction Surgery in Patients with End-Stage Lung Emphysema and Hypercapnia
Authors: Akil Ali , Rehers Stephanie , Ziegeler Stephan , Ernst Erik , Haselmann Jan , Dickgreber Nicolas Johannes , Fischer Stefan
Published: May 2023

Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) represents an important treatment option in carefully selected patients with end-stage lung emphysema. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of nonintubated LVRS compared to intubated LVRS in patients with preoperative hypercapnia and lung emphysema. Between April 2019 and February 2021, n = 92 patients with end-stage lung emphysema and preoperative hypercapnia undergoing unilateral video-assisted thoracoscopic LVRS (VATS-LVRS) performed in epidural anesthesia and mild sedation (nonintubated, group 1) or conventional general anesthesia (intubated, control, group 2) were prospectively enrolled in this study. Data were retrospectively analyzed. In all patients, low-flow veno-venous extracorporeal lung support (low-flow VV ECLS) was applied as a bridge through LVRS. Ninety-day mortality was considered as the primary outcome. Secondary endpoints included: chest tube duration, hospital stay, intubation and conversion to general anesthesia. Intergroup analysis showed no significant difference between the baseline data and patients’ demographics. N = 36 patients underwent nonintubated surgery. VATS-LVRS under general anesthesia was performed in n = 56 patients. The mean duration of postoperative VV ECLS support was 3 ± 1 day in group 1 compared to 4 ± 1 in group 2. The 90-day mortality rate was 3% in group 1 compared to 7% in group 2. In group 1, all chest tubes were removed 5 ± 1 day (range 4–32 days) and 8 ± 1 day (range 4–44 days) in the control group after the surgery (p < 0.02). Prolonged chest tube therapy (>8 days) was observed in n = 3 patients in group 1 and n = 11 patients in the control group. The mean ICU stay was 4 ± 1 days in group 1 compared to 8 ± 2 days in the control group (p = 0.04). The mean hospital stay was significantly shorter in the nonintubated group 1 (6 ± 2 days vs. 10 ± 4 days, p = 0.01). Conversion to general anesthesia was necessary in one patient due to severe pleural adhesions. Nonintubated VATS-LVRS in patients with end-stage lung emphysema and hypercapnia is effective and well tolerated. Compared to general anesthesia, a reduction in mortality, chest tube duration, ICU and hospital stay and lower rate of prolonged air leak was observed. VV ECLS increases intraoperative safety and mitigates postoperative complications in such “high-risk” patients.
Two Promising Methodologies for Dealing with Changes in Optical and Electrical Properties of Polymer Electrolytes (SPEs)
Authors: Alsulaim Ghayah M. , Elamin Ayman. A.
Published: May 2023

Variation of light absorption, mainly the shift and shape of the absorption edge, are two promising approaches aimed at understanding the fundamental processes of optical transitions in crystalline and amorphous materials. This allows us to better understand the structure of energy bands. Significant advances have been made in understanding the fundamental chemical and physical properties of polymers to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices. However, the relationship between these two properties has not been determined. Characterization of the optical properties of polymers, such as infrared dichroism, light absorption, Raman polarization, and emission spectra, is an important method for studying electronic properties. To consider conductivity and thermal savings in the range (300–500 K), we also investigate the effect of temperature on conductivity. Activation energies found in different cases were used. Ionic conductivity has been found to be temperature-dependent for all SPE formulations. It has been found that the ionic conductivity of the membrane presents two regimes, the first being at relatively low temperatures. The ionic conductivity exhibits a relatively independent behavior of temperature. It was found that the dielectric constant of the SPE polymer electrolytic system increased with increasing temperature. This behavior is typical of pole insulators because the alignment of the dipoles becomes easier with increasing temperature and thus the dielectric constant increases.
Energy Management for a Port Integrated Energy System Based on Distributed Dual Decomposition Mixed Integer Linear Programming
Authors: Teng Fei , Zhang Qing , Xiao Geyang , Ban Zixiao , Liang Yuan , Guan Yajuan
Published: May 2023

This paper proposes a distributed energy management strategy, based on dual decomposition mixed integer linear programming for port integrated energy systems (PIESs), to improve the utilization of renewable energy, and to foster green ports. Firstly, due to the distributed characteristics presented by various heterogeneous devices, a polymorphic network-based PIES was established, instead of the traditional single IP protocol, incorporating electricity replacement and energy conversion devices. Secondly, taking into account the coupling of various energy flows, an energy management model was constructed, to ensure reliable operation for the PIES. Thirdly, an energy management strategy based on distributed dual decomposition mixed integer linear programming for the PIES was proposed, which took into account the distributed characteristic of the PIES. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed strategy was demonstrated, by simulation cases in different scenarios for the PIES. The obtained energy management results were similar to the centralized algorithm.
The Real Impact of Age on Mortality in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Bakakos Agamemnon , Koukaki Evangelia , Ampelioti Sevasti , Ioannidou Iliana , Papaioannou Andriana I. , Loverdos Konstantinos , Koutsoukou Antonia , Rovina Nikoleta
Published: May 2023

Objective: The impact of severe infection from COVID-19 and the resulting need for life support in an ICU environment is a fact that caused immense pressure in healthcare systems around the globe. Accordingly, elderly people faced multiple challenges, especially after admission to the ICU. On this basis, we performed this study to assess the impact of age on COVID-19 mortality in critically ill patients. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, we collected data from 300 patients who were hospitalized in the ICU of a Greek respiratory hospital. We split patients into two age groups using a threshold of 65 years old. The primary objective of the study was the survival of patients in a follow up period of 60 days after their admission to the ICU. Secondary objectives were to determine whether mortality is affected by other factors, including sepsis and clinical and laboratory factors, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), APACHE II and d-dimers, CRP, etc. Results: The survival of all patients in the ICU was 75.7%. Those in the <65 years old age group expressed a survival rate of 89.3%, whereas those in the ≥65 years old age group had a survival rate of 58% (p-value < 0.001). In the multivariate Cox regression, the presence of sepsis and an increased CCI were independent predictors of mortality in 60 days (p-value < 0.001), while the age group did not maintain its statistical significance (p-value = 0.320). Conclusions: Age alone as a simple number is not capable of predicting mortality in patients with severe COVID-19 in the ICU. We must use more composite clinical markers that may better reflect the biological age of patients, such as CCI. Moreover, the effective control of infections in the ICU is of utmost importance for the survival of patients, since avoiding septic complications can drastically improve the prognosis of all patients, regardless of age.
Enabling Regenerative Agriculture Using Remote Sensing and Machine Learning
Authors: Ogungbuyi Michael Gbenga , Guerschman Juan P. , Fischer Andrew M. , Crabbe Richard Azu , Mohammed Caroline , Scarth Peter , Tickle Phil , Whitehead Jason , Harrison Matthew Tom
Published: May 2023

The emergence of cloud computing, big data analytics, and machine learning has catalysed the use of remote sensing technologies to enable more timely management of sustainability indicators, given the uncertainty of future climate conditions. Here, we examine the potential of “regenerative agriculture”, as an adaptive grazing management strategy to minimise bare ground exposure while improving pasture productivity. High-intensity sheep grazing treatments were conducted in small fields (less than 1 ha) for short durations (typically less than 1 day). Paddocks were subsequently spelled to allow pasture biomass recovery (treatments comprising 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 months), with each compared with controls characterised by lighter stocking rates for longer periods (2000 DSE/ha). Pastures were composed of wallaby grass (Austrodanthonia species), kangaroo grass (Themeda triandra), Phalaris (Phalaris aquatica), and cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata), and were destructively sampled to estimate total standing dry matter (TSDM), standing green biomass, standing dry biomass and trampled biomass. We invoked a machine learning model forced with Sentinel-2 imagery to quantify TSDM, standing green and dry biomass. Faced with La Nina conditions, regenerative grazing did not significantly impact pasture productivity, with all treatments showing similar TSDM, green biomass and recovery. However, regenerative treatments significantly impacted litterfall and trampled material, with high-intensity grazing treatments trampling more biomass, increasing litter, enhancing surface organic matter and decomposition rates thereof. Pasture digestibility and sward uniformity were greatest for treatments with minimal spelling (3 months), whereas both standing senescent and trampled material were greater for the 15-month spelling treatment. TSDM prognostics from machine learning were lower than measured TSDM, although predictions from the machine learning approach closely matched observed spatiotemporal variability within and across treatments. The root mean square error between the measured and modelled TSDM was 903 kg DM/ha, which was less than the variability measured in the field. We conclude that regenerative grazing with short recovery periods (3–6 months) was more conducive to increasing pasture production under high rainfall conditions, and we speculate that – in this environment - high-intensity grazing with 3-month spelling is likely to improve soil organic carbon through increased litterfall and trampling. Our study paves the way for using machine learning with satellite imagery to quantify pasture biomass at small scales, enabling the management of pastures within small fields from afar.
Effects of Dispersed Carbon Nanotubes and Emerging Supramolecular Structures on Phase Transitions in Liquid Crystals: Physico-Chemical Aspects
Authors: Lisetski Longin , Bulavin Leonid , Lebovka Nikolai
Published: May 2023

The current state of the study of different liquid crystalline (LC) systems doped with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is discussed. An attempt is endeavored to outline the state-of-the-art technology that has emerged after two past decades. Systematization and analysis are presented for the integration of single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes in thermotropic (nematic, smectic, cholesteric, ferroelectric, etc.) and lyotropic LCs. Special attention is paid to the effects of alignment and supramolecular organization resulting from orientational coupling between CNTs and the LC matrix. The effects of the specific inter-molecular and inter-particle interactions and intriguing microstructural, electromagnetic, percolation, optical, and electro-optical properties are also discussed.
Protective Performance of Coated Reinforcement in Coral Concrete under Dry/Wet Cycling
Authors: Cao Hongji , Wu Qing , Akbar Muhammad , Yang Ning , Hussain Zahoor
Published: May 2023

The actual protective performance of the coated reinforcement in coral concrete was investigated by measuring the chloride ion diffusion coefficient, electrochemical analysis, and numerical simulation. The test results show that the corrosion rate of coated reinforcement in coral concrete under the action of wet and dry cycles is kept at a low level, and the Rp value is always greater than 250 kΩ·cm2 during the test period, which is in the uncorroded state and has good protection performance. Moreover, the chloride ion diffusion coefficient D is in accordance with the power function relationship with the wet and dry cycle time, and a time-varying model of chloride ion concentration on the surface of coral concrete is established. The surface chloride ion concentration of coral concrete reinforcement was modeled as a time-varying model; the cathodic zone of coral concrete members was the most active, increasing from 0 V to 0.14 V from 0 to 20 years, with a large increase in potential difference before the 7th year, and a significant decrease in the increase after the 7th year.
Use of a Waste-Derived Linde Type-A Immobilized in Agarose for the Remediation of Water Impacted by Coal Acid Mine Drainage at Pilot Scale
Authors: Chostak Cristiano Luiz , López-Delgado Aurora , Padilla Isabel , Lapolli Flávio Rubens , Lobo-Recio María Ángeles
Published: May 2023

A new adsorbent based on an immobilized waste-derived LTA zeolite in agarose (AG) has proven to be an innovative and efficient alternative for removing metallic contaminants from water impacted by acid mine drainage (AMD) because the immobilization prevents the solubilization of the zeolite in acidic media and eases its separation from the adsorbed solution. A pilot device was developed containing slices of the sorbent material [AG (1.5%)–LTA (8%)] to be used in a treatment system under an upward continuous flow. High removals of Fe2+ (93.45%), Mn2+ (91.62%), and Al3+ (96.56%) were achieved, thus transforming river water heavily contaminated by metallic ions into water suitable for non-potable use for these parameters, according to Brazilian and/or FAO standards. Breakthrough curves were constructed and the corresponding maximum adsorption capacities (mg/g) (Fe2+, 17.42; Mn2+, 1.38; Al3+, 15.20) calculated from them. Thomas mathematical model was well fitted to the experimental data, indicating the participation of an ion-exchange mechanism in the removal of the metallic ions. The pilot-scale process studied, in addition to being highly efficient in removing metal ions at toxic levels in AMD-impacted water, is linked to the sustainability and circular economy concepts, due to the use as an adsorbent of a synthetic zeolite derived from a hazardous aluminum waste.