bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Federal Reserve System : Purposes and Functions
Authors:   Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
Published: October 2016

The 10th edition of The Federal Reserve System Purposes & Functions details the structure, responsibilities, and aims of the U.S. central banking system. The Federal Reserve System performs five functions to promote the effective operation of the U.S. economy and, more generally, to serve the public interest. It includes three key entities: the Board of Governors, 12 Federal Reserve Banks, and the Federal Open Market Committee.
Coping Behavior in Professional Sport: Phenomenology and Diagnostics
Authors: Bochaver K.A. , Dovzhik L.M.
Published: October 2016

The high performance sport demands different mental skills, first of all, coping behavior skills. Main issue of research of coping behavior in psychology of sport and exercise is breadth of object of coping. Not only has athlete to cope with stress situation of trauma and recovery, failure experience or other difficulties, but also has to control his or her emotional state, which can vary from euphoria to anxiety, for it can affect his or her performance directly and indirectly. Consequently, issues of ability to handle stress, hardiness, self-control and emotion control are analyzed in this paper by reviewing coping behavior in sport. Current paper describes phenomenology and diagnostics in the field of athletes’ coping skills and is addressed to sport scientists and practicing psychologists.
Cognitive Defect in Children and Adolescents with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: Psychometric and Neuropsychological Approaches to the Assessment of Cognitive Disorders
Authors: Strogova S. , Sergienko A. , Zvereva N.V.
Published: October 2016

The article is devoted to the diagnostic approaches of cognitive defects in schizophrenia using psychometric and neuropsychological methods. The clinical psychological research results of different kinds of cognitive defects in children and adolescents with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (74 subjects of average age of 11 ± 2 years old, 18 of which have passed a complete neuropsychological examination) are described. We have compared psychrometric and neuropsychological diagnostics results of children and adolescents with schizophrenia spectrum disorders with the results of reference group of children with normal development. The differences of intellectual levels depending on the diagnosis have been marked and the respective types of cognitive defect are described. The total (most severe) defect has been detected in children with progredient schizophrenia (F20). While in other groups (children and adolescents with non-progredient schizophrenia) there has been revealed partial defect. Complex psychometric and neuropsychological diagnostics allows to make more detailed evaluation of the cognitive defect and its structure. Neuropsychological diagnostics has also confirmed that there are intensity differences of brain dysfunction between the diagnosed groups. Patients with сhildren schizophrenia (F20) have notable dysfunctions (or functional immaturity) of cortical structures, while in the group of children with diagnosis of episodic schizophrenia (episodic with progressive clinical course) with progressive or stable defect (F20.x) impairment of interhemispheric coordination has been observed. Children and adolescents with schizotypal disorder (F21) have showed dysfunctions of subcortical structures. Our research results support the hypotheses about the interrelation between kinds of cognitive defect and specificity of neuropsychological status in children and adolescents with different kinds of progredient schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
O Ensino da Inovação nas Disciplinas de Empreendedorismo em Cursos de Administração
Authors: Barbosa Flávia Lorenne Sampaio , Moreira Roseilda Nunes , Marquesan Fábio Freitas Schilling , Bizarria Fabiana Pinto de Almeida
Published: October 2016

Este estudo objetivou analisar como a temática da inovação tem sido abordada em disciplinas de empreendedorismo em cursos de Administração na modalidade presencial nas cidades de Fortaleza/Ceará e Teresina/Piauí. Para tanto, realizou-se pesquisa de natureza empírica, com abordagem qualitativa, em que se obtiveram dados por meio do sistema e-MEC, nos endereços eletrônicos das Instituições de Ensino Superior (IESs) que ofertam cursos de Administração, em planos de disciplinas e por meio de onze questionários respondidos por docentes que ministram disciplinas sobre empreendedorismo nos municípios do estudo. Os resultados apontam que mesmo que a disciplina investigada seja contemplada na matriz curricular das IESs, a temática da inovação ainda é discutida de modo incipiente nas salas de aula.
UMA DISCUSSÃO SOBRE O PROCESSO DE CONSTRUÇÃO DE INDICADORES COMPOSTOS DE INOVAÇÃO: O CASO DA UNIÃO EUROPEIA
Authors: Beneli Daniela Scarpa , Carvalho Silvia Angélica D. , Furtado André Tosi
Published: October 2016

Os estudos sobre os indicadores de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (CT&I) associam-se à busca pela compreensão da inovação de forma ampla. O processo de construção dos indicadores compostos exige decisões subjetivas relacionadas às escolhas metodológicas e teóricas que os fundamentam. Se por um lado, o processo contribui para a compreensão do fenômeno inovativo ao fomentar a discussão conceitual e capturar aspectos da inovação, por outro, há críticas sobre a natureza arbitrária das decisões relacionadas aos métodos estatísticos utilizados e a capacidade de representar a complexidade da inovação para fundamentar políticas. Assim, o objetivo desse artigo é discutir a construção do indicador composto (IC) de inovação, ressaltando sua relevância como fomentador de discussões. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre os prós e contras da construção dos indicadores, também foram analisados o Handbook on Constructing Composite Indicators, elaborado pela Organização para Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE), e os relatórios do Innovation Union Scoreboard (IUS) e do Summary Innovation Index (SII). Os três documentos representam esforços de padronização das técnicas de construção de Scoreboards e do IC. Manuais como o IUS levam os estudiosos de CT&I a avaliar os obstáculos à inovação em cada país, discutindo as concepções teóricas subjacentes e a subjetividade dos métodos estatísticos. Assim, o processo de discussão viabilizado torna-se tão importante quanto a ferramenta de decisão política a que os indicadores se propõem a constituir, e confirma que eles não podem ser a única ferramenta de tomada de decisão sobre questões tão complexas como a inovação.
Inovação Tecnológica e Meio Ambiente: Um Estudo Sobre as Implicações para a Competitividade de Empresas dos Setores Petroquímico, Automobilístico e de Medicamentos
Authors: Vilha Anapatrícia Morales , Antonelli Bruna
Published: October 2016

A inovação pode ser caracterizada como o meio primário pelo qual as empresas podem alcançar o crescimento sustentável. O movimento das empresas em direção à inovação ambiental pode decorrer do poder público exercendo o controle das questões ambientais, bem como de novas oportunidades de negócio e de posição nos mercados. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de investigar a natureza, as características das inovações tecnológicas desenvolvidas sob a perspectiva da sustentabilidade e as implicações para a competitividade de empresas dos setores petroquímico, automobilístico e de medicamentos. Para tanto, desenvolveu-se uma revisão da literatura sobre o tema e a realizou-se estudos de caso em 2014 com empresas dos setores industriais petroquímico, automobilístico e medicamentos. Os resultados mostram que as empresas, por um lado, aplicaram medidas reativas de controle e tratamento dos resíduos decorrentes de seus processos produtivos; por outro, mostraram que essas empresas inserem, em diferentes níveis, a variável ambiental em seus processos produtivos e esforços de P&D e inovação.
Total Factor Productivity Change in Turkish Banking Sector During The Crisis Periods
Authors: Önen Ferda Keskin , Eken Hasan , Kale Suleyman
Published: October 2016

The precondition of the increase in the efficiency of the banks depends on their ability to compete. Through the banking sector with high competitive power, economic dynamism is promoted, and economic stability is ensured. The alteration in macroeconomic conditions affects the performance of the banking sector and financial stability. This study was used the malmquist productivity index  to analyze the efficiency of 19 commercial banks operating in Turkey during the period of 1990 - 2012  for intermediation and profit approach. Banks have experienced productivity loss according to both approaches in times of crisis. The efficiency of  intermediation function in the banking sector have increased owing to the regulations made ??under the restructuring program of the Turkish banking sector and the disinflation process. The regression analysis results reveals that the impact of credit / deposit ratio, ROA, ROE and inflation rate is positive on bank’s total factor productivity. As ROE increases, banks' total factor productivity has decreased under the intermediation approach. Increase in GDP has led to increase in bank’s technical efficiency for intermediation and profit approach.
Identifying the Determinants of Interest Rate Risk of the Banks
Authors: Yuksel Serhat , Zengin Sinemis
Published: October 2016

In this study, we aimed to explain the influencing factors of interest rate risk in Turkish banking sector. Within this scope, 20 deposit banks in Turkey were evaluated. Furthermore, annual data for the periods between 2006 and 2015 was analyzed by using panel logit method. According to the results of this analysis, it was identified that 2 explanatory variables affect interest rate risk of Turkish banks. First of all, it was determined that banks, which have higher amount of deposits, are exposed to higher amount of interest rate risk. In addition to this situation, it was also defined that there is a negative relationship between the amount of capital and interest rate risk. As a result of this issue, it was recommended that Turkish banks should increase capital amount in order to manage interest rate risk more effectively.
China-U.S. Currency Conflict
Authors: Albasoos Hani , Hanan Al-Hadhrami Hanan
Published: October 2016

For more than a decade, China has a policy of managing its currency exchange rate (RMB) to limit its appreciation against other currencies like U.S dollar. This policy has been subjected to many criticisms from United States’ lawmakers as currency manipulation.  The U.S. argues that China is gaining an advantage of export and attracting direct foreign investment at the expense of other countries including the United State. The claim also has included that China’s manipulation causes U.S. trade deficit as well as high rate of unemployment. Meanwhile, China’s policy makers argue that its policy of exchange rate is a mechanism tool to enhance the development of the country and attaining market growth to make China rich and powerful. This research paper underlines the root of this argument and how china’s currency policy has affected both economics of U.S. and China. Many economists have emphasized on the appreciation of RMB as an important factor to attain the trade balance. However, this research argues that the appreciation is not going to matter. Pressure has been put on Obama’s Administration to push China to appreciate its currency and to designate China as a "currency manipulator". Several Bills have been introduced to discuss this issue.From a legal perspective, two entities could tackle this issue. They are the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). However, IMF lack legitimacy and leverage and WTO has no jurisdiction over the exchange rate. So, none of these entities could handle the currency issue. Therefore, this paper analyzes some possible solutions such as Omnibus Act, tariffs, import quotas and forming new legislation. Where, it concludes that the best solution could be via forming a new international agency.
Impaired Adipose Tissue Expansion Caused by LXR Activation is Associated with Insulin Resistance in HFD Mice
Authors: Dong Yueting , Xu Zhiye , Zhang Ziyi , Yin Xueyao , Lin Xihua , Pan Qianqian , Li Hong , Zheng Fenping
Published: October 2016

Liver X receptors (LXR) are deemed as potential drug targets for atherosclerosis, whereas a role in adipose tissue expansion and its relation to insulin sensitivity remains unclear. To assess the metabolic effects of LXR activation, C57BL/6 mice on a high-fat diet (HFD) were treated with the dual LXRα/β agonist T0901317 (30 mg/kg per day) for 3 weeks. Differentiated 3T3-L1 was used for analysing the effect of T0901317 on glucose uptake.T0901317 reduced fat mass, accompanied by a massive fatty liver and lower adipokine levels in circulation of HFD mice. Increased adipocyte apoptosis and macrophage infiltration were found in epididymal fat of T0901317-treated HFD mice. In addition, T0901317 treatment promoted basal lipolysis, but blunted the anti-lipolytic action of insulin. Furthermore, LXR activation antagonized PPARγ target genes in epididymal fat and PPARγ-PPRE binding activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Although the glucose tolerance was comparable to that in vehicle-treated HFD mice, the insulin tolerance was significantly decreased in T0901317-treated HFD mice, indicating decreased insulin sensitivity by T0901317 administration, and which was further supported by impaired insulin signalling found in epididymal fat and decreased insulin-induced glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 by T0901317administration. These findings reveal that LXR activation impairs adipose expansion which contributes to decreased insulin sensitivity.
Uptake of Heavy Metals from Urban Wastewater Contaminated Soils by Using Selected Crop Species of Mysuru City, India
Authors: M.R Abhilash , S Srikantaswamy , D Shiva Kumar
Published: October 2016

Heavy metals are among the most important sorts of pollutant in the environment. Numerous methods already used to clean up the environment from these kinds of contaminants, but most of them are costly and difficult to get optimum results. Factors influencing heavy metal uptake by Crops were studied by pot and field experiments in Mysuru City, India. Results concern with soils is contaminated with Urban Wastewater. In this paper demonstrated effects on the heavy metal content of eight cultivated crop species, in three wastewater contaminated sites of Mysuru City. Interaction between ecological factors and crop characters was demonstrated, as well as results of pot and field studies were compared. Tested plant species were grouped on the basis of their accumulation capability and susceptibility of heavy metals.
Spatial distribution of selected soil features in Hajdú-Bihar county represented by digital soil maps
Authors: Pásztor László , Laborczi Annamária , Takács Katalin , Szatmári Gábor , Illés Gábor , Fodor Nándor , Négyesi Gábor , Bakacsi Zsófia , Szabó József
Published: October 2016

With the ongoing DOSoReMI.hu project we aimed to significantly extend the potential, how soil information requirements could be satisfied in Hungary. We started to compile digital soil maps, which fulfil optimally general as well as specific national and international demands from the aspect of thematic, spatial and temporal accuracy. In addition to relevant and available auxiliary, spatial data themes related to soil forming factors and/or to indicative environmental elements we heavily lean on the various national soil databases. The set of the applied digital soil mapping techniques is gradually broadened. In our paper we present some results in the form of brand new soil maps focusing on the territory of Hajdú-Bihar county.
Hydromorphological assessment of the lower Hungarian Drava section and its floodplain
Authors: Lóczy Dénes , Dezső József , Czigány Szabolcs , Pirkhoffer Ervin
Published: October 2016

The hydromorphological properties of rivers and their floodplains receive increased attention both in basic research and water management. A comparison of hydromorphological parameters before and after river regulation (involving floodplain drainage) provides important information for river management, particularly floodplain rehabilitation. The paper assesses a selected reach of the Drava River and the corresponding floodplain utilising two international approaches, the REFORM framework and the Italian Morphological Quality Index.
Periphery Dichotomy and its Investigation by GIS Methods
Authors: Pénzes János
Published: October 2016

Centre-periphery dichotomy can be regarded as one of the crucial issues in human geography and regional science. The definition of periphery is far from unambiguous due to its relative expression and its content. This is the reason why can significant number of studies be found focusing on the delimitation of central and peripheral areas. The revolution of computer technology and the rapid development of GIS cause the more and more extended usage of these techniques in the human geography as well. These related studies were categorised by their approaches – namely the locational or developmental centreperiphery concepts – and their GIS tools. Application of spatial parameters with extended datasets and complex GIS based calculations mean the most precise and complicated use of GIS and computer tools in the delimitation of peripheral (and central) areas.
Studying the development of fluvial landforms in the Berettyó-Körös Region using geoinformatic methods
Authors: Tóth Csaba Albert , Barkóczi Norbert , Mcintosh Richard William , Plásztán Zsolt József
Published: October 2016

Development of fluvial landforms from 1980 till nowadays was studied based on digital elevation maps(DEM) composed from contour lines of topographic maps, field data obtained by RTK GPS and aerialphotos taken by a drone. Greatest denudation of 6-9 metres was measured in the eastern side of theerosional valley at Pocsaj caused by piping and mass movements. As a result, the valley widened andslightly deepened. Since 1980 around 1-2 metres of accumulation and erosion of similar rate have beenmeasured in the secured floodplain environment dissected by abandoned beds, point-bars and swalesat Kismarja. These values, however, rather reflect the geometric uncertainties and deficiencies of thecontours of topographic maps than real land changes. Therefore topographic maps can give reliable basisfor studying the development of lowland landforms only if they depict adequately large sized (minimum100 x 100 m) positive or negative forms with great height difference as well (minimum 8-10 m). Accuracyof DEMs composed from aerial photos using photogrammetric methods – taking off height faults causedby vegetation – is around the same as that of the models created on the basis of RTK GPS measurements.
From Surveying to Geomatics
Authors: Ajvazi Besim , Loshi Fisnik , Márkus Béla
Published: October 2016

In the land surveying profession fast changes have been taking place in the last fifty years. Technological changes are generated by the Information and Communication Technologies; the analogue – digital trends; the automatic data acquisition methods replace manual ones; instead of two-dimensional base maps we use dynamic spatial databases more and more integrated into a global data infrastructure. However, these changes cause impacts also on scientific level. The traditional top-down approach substituted by bottom-up methodologies; in many cases the point-by-point measurement is changed by 3D laserscanning or Unmanned Aerial Systems, which produces huge amount of data, but it needs new algorithms for information extraction; instead of a simple data provision land surveyors support complex spatial decisions. The paper is dealing with some aspects of these changes. In the first chapter the authors would like to highlight the “data-information-knowledge” relations and the importance of changes in professional education. The second chapter gives an example of the benefits of a Global Spatial Data Infrastructure in spatial decision support. Finally we introduce a new concept (Building Information Modelling) in modelling the real world. However, until now BIM is used in building construction industry, it can can be a paradigm shift in geospatial information management in general.
Mud-Acid Interactions With Sand and Clay-Based Ceramic Proppants Used in Gravel-Packed and Fractured Wells
Authors: Assem A. I. , Nasr-El-Din H. A. , Fuss T.. , Shi J.. , Herskovits R..
Published: October 2016

Proppants are solid particles with specific mechanical strength that are widely used in hydraulic-fracturing operations. Their main purpose is to keep fractures open and increase well production. They can be naturally occurring sand grains or synthetic ceramic proppants. The acid resistance of fracturing proppants is an important property because acids are used during the hydraulic-fracturing process to remove the scale and clays that affect fracture conductivity. These acids affect proppants that are already present in the fracture, as well. Industry measures acid solubility of proppants according to the API RP 19C (2008)/ISO 13503-2 (2006) standard. This measurement produces a solubility number, but gives no guidance on the expected final effect of acid dissolution on the mechanical performance of tested proppants or on how acid-solubility values vary as a function of time, temperature, and dynamic conditions.

This study investigates factors affecting the interactions of regular mud acid [hydrofluoric acid (HF)/hydrochloric acid (HCl) = 3:12] with sand and clay-based proppants under downhole conditions. Experiments were conducted by use of an aging cell at temperatures up to 300°F. The effects of varying temperatures, soaking times, and static and dynamic conditions were examined. The supernatant of solubility tests was analyzed with fluorine nuclear magnetic resonance (19F-NMR) to identify the reaction products. Total aluminum, iron, silicon, titanium, and calcium concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical-emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). A Zeiss Axiophot microscope was used to acquire images for the proppant particles to study particle shape and effect of acid solubility. Proppants were then analyzed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). After the solubility tests, the proppants and the residual solids were dried and analyzed by use of scanning-electron microscopes (SEMs) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) capabilities. Effects of acid dissolution on mechanical performance of the proppants were also tested through use of an automated load frame.

The results show that sand proppants are readily soluble in regular mud acid, with a maximum recorded solubility of 10 wt%. The amount dissolved increases with temperature, soaking time, and dynamic conditions. Clay-based proppants are also soluble in mud acid, with much higher acid solubility than that seen in sand proppants. The proppant packs show more compaction for clay-based proppants than for sand proppants before and after acid exposure. Understanding the effects of acid on natural and synthetic proppants will improve production by promoting the design of acidizing regimens used during hydraulic-fracturing operations.
QTL Identification for Brace‐Root Traits of Maize in Different Generations and Environments
Authors: Gu Dongdong , Mei Xiupeng , Yu Tingting , Sun Nana , Xu De , Liu Chaoxian , Cai Yilin
Published: October 2016

Elucidating the correlations among maize (Zea mays L.) brace‐root traits and identifying the quantitative trait loci (QTL) that control the traits are important for genetic improvement of brace‐root traits. Two maize inbred lines, Yi17 (well‐developed root system) and Yi16 (poorly developed root system), an F2 population derived from their cross containing 276 individuals, and an F2:3 population containing 241 families were used to analyze the correlations among brace‐root traits and determine the QTL for brace‐root traits at Xiema and Hechuan in 2014 and 2015. All brace‐root traits were highly significantly correlated with each other. In particular, brace‐root diameter was highly correlated with brace‐root fresh weight (r = 0.730), brace‐root dry weight (r = 0.729), root fresh weight (r = 0.734), and root dry weight (r = 0.754). A total of 212 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to develop a genetic map based on the F2 population. The total length of the genetic map was 1558.9 cM, with a mean interval of 7.35 cM between adjacent markers. Ninety‐three QTL controlling the brace‐root traits were detected in generations F2 at Xiema in 2014 and F2:3 at Xiema and Hechuan in 2015. However, only two consistent major QTL were identified in F2:3 generation—qBRTN8b for brace‐root tier number and qBRD8b for brace‐root diameter. The qBRTN8b was located in the mmc0181 to bnlg1031 interval (bin 8.06) on chromosome 8, which explained 32.64% (at Xiema) and 16.18% (at Hechuan) of phenotypic variation. The qBRD8b was mapped in the umc2367 to umc1846 interval (bin 8.05) on chromosome 8, which explained 14.28% (at Xiema) and 10.41% (at Hechuan) of phenotypic variation. Moreover, three new important chromosomal regions harboring QTL for brace‐root traits were detected—bins 5.04, 6.06, and 8.05 to 8.06. These results could provide a very important reference for evaluating root traits under field conditions and for fine mapping QTL of brace‐root traits in maize.
Maize Stand Density Yield Response of Parental Inbred Lines and Derived Hybrids
Authors: Amelong Agustina , Hernández Fernando , Novoa A. Daniel , Borrás Lucas
Published: October 2016

Maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield has a parabolic response to stand density changes, creating an optimum stand density that maximizes yield. Argentinean commercial hybrids differ in their optimum stand density when grown at similar environments, generating the need to test precommercial hybrids for adequate product management recommendations. For breeding purposes, any information from parental inbred lines that is indicative of derived hybrid performance is highly desirable. However, correlations between parental inbred line and derived hybrid performance for maize yield response to stand density are unknown. We characterized a set of maize inbred lines and derived single cross hybrids (9 female and 5 male inbreds, 42 hybrids) during two growing seasons for their yield response to stand density to evaluate the correlation between parental inbred line and derived hybrid performance. Significant (p < 0.01) hybrid differences were found for yield at different stand densities, optimum stand density, and yield at optimum stand density. However, correlations between parental inbred line and derived hybrid performance were not significant for optimum stand density. Despite the lack of correlation, specific parental inbreds producing hybrids with higher optimum stand density or higher yield at optimum stand density were evident. Our results indicate that pedigree information, more than the specific inbred response to stand density, is relevant for estimating derived hybrid stand density yield response.
Developing a Screening Tool for Osmotic Stress Tolerance Classification of Rice Cultivars Based on In Vitro Seed Germination
Authors: Singh Bhupinder , Reddy K. Raja , Redoña Edilberto D. , Walker Timothy
Published: October 2016

Dry direct seeding is the common practice for growing rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the US Mid‐South. Dry soil conditions during sowing may cause delayed and nonuniform seed germination that can be further aggravated by the low temperature conditions. Understanding the response of rice cultivars to drought stress during seed germination would be useful in optimizing direct seeding practices. An in vitro experiment was conducted to study the impact of osmotic stress using polyethylene glycol on seed germination traits of 15 rice cultivars commonly grown in the US Mid‐South production system. Time series data for seed germination were generated at a wide range of osmotic potentials (0 to −1.0 MPa with −0.2‐MPa increments). Seed germination rate, maximum seed germination, maximum osmotic potential when seed germination was zero, and maximum osmotic potential when seed germination rate was zero were derived based on regression techniques between these parameters and osmotic potential. The rate of maximum seed germination and the seed germination rate decreased significantly with decreasing osmotic potential. A cumulative drought response index was developed by summing individual response indices of parameters. It was used to classify cultivars into three drought‐tolerant groups: high, medium, and low. Among the 15 cultivars tested, Cheniere was identified as least tolerant and RU1204122 as the most tolerant to drought. The identified tolerance among the rice cultivars would help the rice producers in selecting the cultivar that can best germinate in a specific environment and would help rice breeders in developing drought tolerant cultivars for variable climatic conditions.
Measuring the Inefficiency of Allowing Self‐Pollinated Alfalfa Progeny into Breeding Nurseries
Authors: Riday Heathcliffe , Johnson David W. , Engh Tracy A. , Darling Mark E.
Published: October 2016

Although alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is considered an outcrossing species, the self‐pollination incidence during insect pollination can be substantial, with an observed 30% average selfing rate. Despite this, alfalfa breeders utilizing space‐plant evaluation nurseries make no attempt to discriminate self‐pollination‐derived progeny (selfs) from outcross progeny. Due to alfalfa's substantial inbreeding depression, the selfed individuals have much lower breeder utility. This study examines an alfalfa space‐plant breeding nursery in which selfed and outcross progeny had been identified using DNA markers for the following phenotypic traits: plant vigor, fall height, fall dormancy, first and second winter survival, plant lodging, and profusion of flowering. Trait means, phenotypic and additive variances, and narrow‐sense heritabilities on a halfsib mean basis were determined for selfed and outcross progeny. For most traits, inbreeding depression was severe, with approximately 80% reductions in performance. Selfed progeny for most traits had reduced phenotypic variances compared with outcross progeny. No differences in estimated additive variance and heritabilities were observed between the two types of progeny. Assuming a 30% selfing rate and a selection intensity less than or equal to 10%, we would expect to select few if any selfed progeny from a space‐plant nursery that had plant vigor phenotypic distributions observed in this study. The estimated maximum loss in genetic gain due to the presence of selfed progeny in breeding nurseries for selection intensities from 1 to 10% was estimated at a 10% genetic gain reduction. We conclude that selfed progeny in breeding nurseries are a hindrance, and if possible, they should be minimized or eliminated.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor induced bleeding disorder in neurosurgical patients ‐ a cause for concern ?
Authors: Zahavi Guy , Berkenstadt Haim , Ben‐Menahem Erez , Cohen Zvi , Lubetsky Aaron , Nahtomi‐Shick Orit
Published: October 2016

Normal haemostasis is imperative during neurosurgery. We report a case of a neurosurgical patient with normal routine laboratory investigations but a history suggestive of an increased bleeding risk associated with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). Current evidence suggests there is a link between the use of SSRIs and peri‐operative bleeding and that discontinuation of these drugs should be considered in patients at high risk, such as in the context of neurosurgery.
Análisis físico-químico de la relación señal-ruido en imágenes de resonancia magnética nuclear, IRMN
Authors: Mayorga Manuel Alejandro , Vega Leonardo , Cruz Salazar Emeterio
Published: October 2016

En el ámbito clínico, una de las mayores preocupaciones se enfoca en cómo mejorar la calidad de las imágenes diagnósticas, para así, poder detectar patologías con mayor precisión; en el presente trabajo, los investigadores del área de imágenes diagnosticas del Grupo de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico Aplicado (INDETECA), se enfocará en las imágenes de resonancia magnética, abordando el problema de la relación señal – ruido desde un punto de vista físico-químico, relacionando la señal y el ruido con las propiedades magnéticas de algunos núcleos, analizando también cómo el entorno físico químico afecta la señal. Para mejorar las imágenes se utilizó un filtrado en el espacio K y su posterior reconstrucción se realiza utilizando como método matemático la Transformada de Fourier.
Fabricación y caracterización de nano-estructuras de ZnO, y películas híbridas DE ZnO/EOSIN-Y para la conversión de energía
Authors: Moya Mónica , Socucase Bernabé Marí , Mollar García Miguel
Published: October 2016

La viabilidad de utilizar la técnica de electrodeposición catódica para la preparación de nuevos materiales híbridos porosos ha sido probada en este artículo. Se prepararon películas finas híbridas de ZnO utilizando compuestos orgánicos como la Eosin-Y. La morfología y la porosidad de las películas híbridas de ZnO son altamente dependientes de la concentración de colorante que es utilizado. Fue observada una alta sensibilidad para las películas de ZnO/Eosin-Y mediante la excitación de los electrones de los niveles de energía de Eosin-Y a través del ZnO. Igualmente, es posible controlar la porosidad de la superficie en las películas de ZnO/Eosin-Y.
Análisis y propuesta de implementación de un observatorio TIC para un conjunto de mipymes de la localidad de Usaquén (Bogotá) en la Universidad de San Buenaventura
Authors: Torres Gómez Andrés Rodolfo , Martínez Ballesteros Johana Carolina
Published: October 2016

Con la incursión de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) en diferentes ámbitos del ser humano, se ha logrado una evolución mayor en cada uno de ellos gracias a las diversas herramientas TIC existentes y en desarrollo que se pueden encontrar. Los procesos de innovación tecnológica permiten a las diferentes organizaciones,  sea cual sea su campo de trabajo, generar una dinámica de cambio continua que impacta directamente en las competencias organizativas. Toda organización que desee incorporar las herramientas de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación debe generar un plan TIC que considere entre otros aspectos un alineamiento con los objetivos de la empresa, una gestión adecuada de recursos y un monitoreo constante del plan para lo cual debe contarse con personal capacitado para estudiar la naturaleza de la organización, su estructura económica, analizar sus potencialidades y falencias en cuanto a las TIC se refiere y así proponer un plan de incorporación adecuado a la compañía.

El presente documento pretende plantear la creación de un observatorio TIC para un conjunto de micros, pequeñas y medianas empresas (mipymes) de la localidad de Usaquén (Bogotá) en la Universidad de San Buenaventura, basados en el análisis de diferentes observatorios ya creados así como de planes gubernamentales en TIC tanto nacionales como internacionales realizando la propuesta de la conformación del observatorio a partir de su planeación estratégica, metodologías de trabajo y unos planes de capacitación.
Propuesta para la producción de biodiesel en un reactor batch a partir de aceite usado
Authors: Mayorga Betancourt Manuel Alejandro , Suárez Palacios Óscar Yesid , Chacón Murillo Jenny Estefanía , González Muñoz Mary Lizett
Published: October 2016

El presente trabajo contiene las condiciones de operación para un reactor batch a escala de banco, utilizado para producir biodiesel a partir de aceite vegetal usado. Se inicia con la selección de la fuente de aceite y su posterior caracterización, determinando la necesidad de realización de pretratamientos, neutralización y/o filtrado. Posterior a esto, para obtener un producto que cumpla con estándares de la norma ASTM D- 6751; se establecen las mejores condiciones de operación del reactor mediante la determinación de las variables más influyentes para la producción de biodiesel en el equipo, manteniendo constantes las condiciones de reacción. Finalmente, en conjunto con la caracterización del producto obtenido es posible proponer condiciones para la producción de biodiesel en operaciones específicas del proceso en dicho equipo, teniendo en cuenta las características del reactor y aspectos propios del proceso.
Simulación en CFD de los ductos de transición del sistema de acople
Authors: Cerpa Rafael Mauricio , Vargas Salvador , Piñeros Fabián Camilo , Maldonado Daniel Francisco
Published: October 2016

 

El presente artículo tiene como fin mostrar en detalle los resultados obtenidos en  simulaciones CFD realizadas sobre ductos de transición diseñados para acoplar un Rotorde Ondas a la micro-turbina «Power Generation X-01», además, se realiza un estudio comparativo entre el comportamiento del flujo en ductos catalogados como ideales y los que se construyeron, es decir los reales.

 
Teoría de las ciencias en contexto y su relación con las competencias
Authors: Camarena Gallardo Patricia
Published: October 2016

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar la teoría de las Ciencias en Contexto, así como la teoría de la Matemática en el Contexto de las Ciencias de la cual proviene, teorías que han incluido, definido y trabajado las competencias profesionales y competencias para la vida desde hace más de treinta años. Se describen brevemente las cinco fases de las teorías: curricular, epistemológica, docente didáctica y cognitiva, las cuales constituyen un sistema complejo. Se define el concepto de competencia como la movilización cognitiva de las fortalezas de un profesionista para enfrentar una situación problemática haciendo uso de la integración de todo su bagaje de conocimientos, habilidades, actitudes y valores. Asimismo, se clasifican, definen y ejemplifican las competencias profesionales como fundamentales, genéricas y específicas, cerrando la presentación con un sucinto compendio que establece la vinculación entre las competencias de las ciencias básicas y las competencias profesionales.

 
Revisión del HCM 2010 y 2000 intersecciones semaforizadas
Authors: Rodríguez Urrego Daniella
Published: October 2016

 El presente artículo presenta una evaluación del Capítulo 18 del Manual de carreteras “Highway Capacity Manual 2010” (HCM 2010), indicando las variaciones que se han tenido en la última versión en intersecciones controladas por semáforos en comparación con la penúltima versión HCM 2000, a partir de un estudio realizado en la ciudad de Valencia, España, en el cual se observa como los giros tanto a izquierda como a la derecha han disminuido su capacidad con la versión actual del manual, y los movimientos directos al contrario aumentan. Con la actualización de esta metodología, se identifica las variaciones que se han dado y como posiblemente afectan los análisis en las intersecciones semaforizadas, dando niveles de servicio diferentes y afectando el estado actual de las intersecciones diseñadas con la versión antigua.
Variabilidad temporal de la radiación Up link de telefonía móvil celular en la banda de 850 MHz
Authors: Lezama Márquez Carlos Arturo , Téllez Barón Fabio Elberto , Lizarazo Juán Carlos
Published: October 2016

El presente artículo expone y analiza los resultados de la medición de la variabilidad temporal del campo eléctrico generado por el usuario ( Up Link), por el uso de teléfono móvil celular en la banda de voz 850 MHz. En la actualidad se realiza un estudio piloto midiendo la variabilidad temporal del campo eléctrico  (V/m).

 La metodología de medición usada fue tomada y adaptada según las recomendaciones existentes para estaciones base, dadas por el Sector de Normalización de las Telecomunicaciones (UIT-T), bajo la Unión Internacional de Telecomunicaciones (UIT), con base en las normas UIT-T K.61  y la UIT-T K.52.

 Se logró observar la correlación entre la densidad de población de estudiantes con la intensidad de campo eléctrico del Up Link, siendo en varios casos superior a la intensidad de campo eléctrico del Down Link.
Análisis y desarrollo de un software web para la gestión y fomento de la investigación en instituciones de educación superior en Colombia: «educaras cloud»
Authors: Combita Niño Harold Arturo , Ariza Colpas Paola Patricia
Published: October 2016

En este artículo se presenta la metodología utilizada y los resultados obtenidos en el análisis y desarrollo del software “Educaras Cloud” como herramienta para la gestión y el fomento de la investigación. En primera instancia, es necesario realizar una revisión conceptual del proceso de gestión de la investigación. Posteriormente se presenta la experiencia de dos universidades y se desarrolla el estado del arte de soluciones informáticas asociadas al proceso en mención. Finalmente se detallan los resultados obtenidos a través de un recorrido en las funcionalidades de la plataforma web.

Con la realización de entrevistas se conoció los procesos administrativos que contemplan la investigación en universidades de la Región Caribe colombiana y el interior del país.
 Esto, con el fin de construir un modelo  de gestión de la investigación que permita brindar una solución informática estándar entre las universidades de Colombia. Actualmente encontramos una oferta limitada en software como apoyo para este proceso. Por tal motivo se ha desarrollado un software, y en el presente articulo se desea profundizar la manera en que sus funcionalidades responden a la gestión eficiente  y productiva de la investigación.
Unidad modular para la ejecución de prácticas de instrumentación electrónica
Authors: Vargas Guativa Javier Andrés , González Gaona Nelson José , Isaza Domínguez Lauren
Published: October 2016

Conscientes que la formación  de técnicos y tecnólogos competentes en el área de instrumentación es un factor decisivo en el desarrollo institucional y regional, su formación con las competencias necesarias, adquiridas a través de las estructuras de aprendizaje en la academia, los habilitan para asumir los procesos de  innovación y adecuación de equipos y procedimientos utilizados en la industria. Este reto en el esquema de formación, con desempeño eficiente en el contexto laboral exigido por las nuevas tecnologías aplicadas actualmente en la industria, es una alternativa que se debe asumir a nivel institucional y personal; como respuesta a lo anterior se diseñó un laboratorio para las prácticas de instrumentación, se estructuró sobre la base de la experiencia docente y profesional de cada uno de los integrantes, teniendo en   cuenta   la   funcionalidad   y   efectividad   como   objeto facilitador del aprendizaje. El diseño   se concibe como un conjunto integral de cuatro (4) módulos que abarca las prácticas relacionadas con los contenidos programáticos del área  de  instrumentación  y  que  permite  fortalecer  la formación específica del estudiante.

 
Design of Psychometric Tests for the Evaluation of Audio Coding Systems
Authors: Herrera Martínez Marcelo , Rodríguez Belman Jahir
Published: October 2016

 El presente trabajo se enfoca en la evaluación psicoacústica subjetiva de algunas tecnologías de codificación de audio con un conjunto de métodos psicométricos. Las partes clave de la implementación de los pruebas son la selección adecuada de señales críticas, metodologías de evaluación y personas-escucha, para poder realizar un test efectivo. Basado en claves teoréticas y experimentales de la psicoacústica, el autor diseña una serie de pruebas, cuyo resultado puede ser interpretado como la Calidad de Servicio del algoritmo de compresión dado. Tres métodos psicométricos son aplicados. El método Constante, comparación por pares, y el DBTS (Double-Blind Triple-Stimulus with hidden reference), recomendado por el ITU-BS 1117 [1]. Los resultados son procesados estadísticamente.
Fútbol de robots: orígenes, federaciones, ligas y horizontes de investigación
Authors: Guarnizo M José Guillermo , Trujillo R Cesar Leonardo , Díaz A Nelson Leonardo
Published: October 2016

En las últimas décadas el fútbol de robots ha adquirido importancia entre investigadores relacionados en el campo de la robótica, ya que ha permitido encontrar un entorno adecuado para la investigación en temas cómo visión artificial, locomoción, localización y navegación, así como coordinación de robots, entre otros. A raíz de esto, distintos grupos de investigación en diferentes universidades alrededor del mundo han creado sus propios equipos de fútbol de robots, con el fin de participar en distintos torneos con diferentes ligas, compitiendo y permitiendo validar los resultados obtenidos en sus investigaciones en áreas relacionadas. En el presente artículo se realiza una revisión sobre los orígenes del fútbol de robots y sus diferentes ligas, así como una presentación de distintos temas de investigación relacionados en este campo.
LVR para fenómenos físicos usando técnicas computacionales
Authors: Rivera Barrera Gerardo , Uribe Miguel Angel
Published: October 2016

 

En este trabajo de investigación se utilizaron, sistemas de adquisición, técnicas computacionales y procesamiento de datos, para   modelar fenómenos físicos que nos permitieron introducir al estudiante en la experimentación, la resolución de problemas, el análisis e interpretación de resultados obtenidos por modelos computacionales. Para la elaboración de este proyecto se empleó Labview plataforma de programación y diseño propia para el proceso computacional y análisis de la información. También se utilizaron herramientas de visualización para las de simulaciones que garanticen la conexión vía Web entre los sistemas físicos reales y los simulados, para ésto se utilizó Easy Java Simulations, y Modellus. Para la toma y adquisición de datos se emplearon foto detectores, un sistema de acople mecánico que son leídos por una tarjeta de adquisición y serán almacenados en una computadora personal. Con este trabajo de investigación se espera: 1. Favorecer el aprendizaje significativo, desarrollando habilidades en los estudiantes para la solución de problemas. 2. Mejorar la comprensión e interpretación de los conceptos desarrollados en el aula y laboratorio. 3. Trabajar con modelos computacionales donde el estudiante pueda tomar decisiones en determinados sucesos, o poder modificar las variables con el objetivo de comprobar las hipótesis vistas en el aula de clase.
An Implementation of Exploratory Start for Power Quality Disturbance Pattern Recognition
Authors: Yalcin Turgay , Ozdemir Muammer
Published: October 2016

Identification of system disturbances and detection of them guarantees smart grids power quality system reliability and long lasting life of the power system. The key goal of this study is to generate non - time consuming features for CPU, for recognizing different types of non-stationary and non-linear smart grid faults based on signal processing techniques. This paper proposes a new solution for real time power system monitoring against power quality faults focusing on voltage sag and noise. EEMD is used for noise reduction with first intrinsic mode function (imf1). Hilbert Huang Transform (HHT) is used for generating instantaneous amplitude (IA) and instantaneous frequency (IF) feature of real time voltage sag power signal. The proposed power system monitoring system is able to detect power system voltage sag disturbances and capable of recognize and remove EMI (Electromagnetic Interference)-Noise.  In this study based on experimental studies, Hilbert Huang based pattern recognition technique was used to investigate power signal to diagnose voltage sag in power grid. SVM and Decision Tree (C4.5) were operated and their achievements were matched for calculation error and CPU time. According to the analysis, decision tree algorithm without dimensionality reduction produces the best solution.