bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The risk of non-melanoma skin cancer in HIV-infected patients: new data and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Honglei , Shu Guobin , Wang Songting
Published: May 2015

The role of HIV/AIDS in non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is not well defined. We sought to update the evidence of the association between HIV/AIDS and risk of NMSC by gender and antiretroviral therapy (ART). We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE on 29 February 2014. Standardised incidence ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were extracted and combined using generic inverse variance methods assuming a random effects model. Six studies including 78,794 patients with HIV/AIDS fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Analysis of all studies showed that HIV/AIDS was associated with an increased risk of NMSC (standardised incidence ratio 2.76; 95% confidence interval 2.55–2.98). The standardised incidence ratios of NMSC were 3.63 (1.08–12.22) for men and 2.18 (1.24–3.83) for women with HIV/AIDS, respectively. In analysis stratified by ART, we found that individuals receiving ART had lower risk of developing NMSC than individuals who had not received ART (standardised incidence ratio, 95% confidence interval; 1.95 [1.10–3.47] versus 2.11 [1.44-3.12]). HIV/AIDS is associated with an increased risk of NMSC in both male and female patients. The use of ART appears to be beneficial in protecting against the development of NMSC.
Anaphylactic-like reaction from trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in a patient with AIDS
Authors: Persichino Jon , Sutjita Made
Published: May 2015

We report a patient with AIDS who had an anaphylactic-like reaction from trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Clinical suspicion of anaphylaxis should be considered in patients presenting with fever, hypotension, eosinophilia, rash, flushing or pulmonary infiltrates after initial exposure and re-exposure to the medication. This case highlights the need for healthcare professionals to be reminded of the association between this unusual antibiotic reaction resembling sepsis and HIV disease.
Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis Induced by Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid
Authors: Syrigou Ekaterini , Grapsa Dimitra , Charpidou Andriani , Syrigos Konstantinos
Published: May 2015

Drug-induced acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis is a rare pustular skin reaction, most commonly triggered by antibiotics. Although its diagnosis is based primarily on the presence of specific clinical and histopathologic features, additional in vivo (patch testing) or in vitro testing may be required, especially in atypical cases, to more accurately determine the causative agent. The authors report a histologically confirmed case of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis that was induced by amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, as documented by subsequent patch testing, and presented with generalized painful lymphadenopathy, mimicking an acute infectious process. This is a very rare and diagnostically challenging clinical presentation of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, which has been reported, to the best of our knowledge, only once previously.
Motherhood, evolutionary psychology and mirror neurons or: ‘Grammar is politics by other means’
Authors: Lesnik-Oberstein Karín
Published: May 2015

Through a close analysis of socio-biologist Sarah Blaffer Hrdy’s work on motherhood and ‘mirror neurons’ it is argued that Hrdy’s claims exemplify how research that ostensibly bases itself on neuroscience, including in literary studies ‘literary Darwinism’, relies after all not on scientific, but on political assumptions, namely on underlying, unquestioned claims about the autonomous, transparent, liberal agent of consumer capitalism. These underpinning assumptions, it is further argued, involve the suppression or overlooking of an alternative, prior tradition of feminist theory, including feminist science criticism.
Diagnostics of machine parts by means of reverse engineering procedures
Authors: Rysinski Jacek , Wrobel Ireneusz
Published: May 2015

In this article, an application of a three-dimensional scanner for building a special diagnostic stand is described. An experimental method of detection of material defects is discussed. The considered defects are connected with cooperation of particular surfaces of machine parts. In the discussed experiments, particularly the dimensions of pitting holes can be evaluated. Availability of laboratory facilities required that the investigations were performed using geared wheels. The three-dimensional model which represents a degenerated surface, obtained based upon the diagnostic measurements, was compared with the pattern of an undamaged surface. The latter was generated by means of our pre-processor. The pre-processor enables generation of files which are compatible with the majority of the computer-aided design system formats. Therefore, the analyses were performed by means of commercial system inventor and computer-aided three-dimensional interactive application.
Vintafolide: a novel targeted therapy for the treatment of folate receptor expressing tumors
Authors: Vergote Ignace , Leamon Christopher P.
Published: May 2015

Despite advances in the development of molecularly targeted therapies, limited improvements in overall survival have been noted among many cancer patients with solid tumors, primarily due to development of drug resistance. Accordingly, there is an unmet need for new targeted therapies and treatment approaches for cancer, especially for overcoming resistance. Expression of the folate receptor is upregulated in many tumor types and thus represents an ideal target for cancer treatment. Several folate receptor targeted therapies are in development, including the small molecule drug conjugate vintafolide, the monoclonal antibody farletuzumab, and the antibody-drug conjugate IMGN853. The role of the folate receptor as a target in cancer progression and resistance as well as emerging preclinical and clinical data from studies on those folate receptor targeted agents that are in development with a focus on vintafolide are reviewed. The folate receptor has several unique properties, such as high expression in several tumor types, that make it a rational target for cancer treatment, and allow for selective delivery of folate receptor targeted agents. Early-stage clinical data in lung and ovarian cancer suggest that vintafolide has the potential for combination with other standard approved agents.
Unknown HIV Status in the Emergency Department
Authors: Felsen Uriel R. , Bellin Eran Y. , Cunningham Chinazo O. , Zingman Barry S.
Published: May 2015

Objectives:

The authors sought to determine the prevalence of unknown HIV status among emergency department (ED) patients, how it has changed over time, and whether it differs according to patient characteristics.

Methods:

The authors used electronic medical record data to identify whether HIV status was known or unknown among patients aged ≥13 seen in the ED of a large, urban medical center between 2006 and 2011. The authors used multivariate logistic regression to identify the characteristics associated with unknown HIV status.

Results:

The prevalence of unknown HIV status decreased each year, from 87.7% in 2006 to 74.9% in 2011 ( P < .001). Characteristics associated with unknown HIV status included being nonblack, in the youngest and oldest age-groups, and nonpublically insured. Compared to men, women without prior pregnancy were equally likely to have unknown HIV status, but women with prior pregnancy were significantly less likely to have unknown HIV status.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of unknown HIV status is decreasing, but in 2011 75% of ED patients aged ≥13 still had unknown status, and it was associated with specific patient characteristics. Understanding the trends in the prevalence of unknown HIV status and how it is associated with patient characteristics should inform the design and implementation of expanded HIV-testing strategies.
CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Maude Shannon L. , Teachey David T. , Porter David L. , Grupp Stephan A.
Published: May 2015

Relapsed and refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remains difficult to treat, with minimal improvement in outcomes seen in more than 2 decades despite advances in upfront therapy and improved survival for de novo ALL. Adoptive transfer of T cells engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) has emerged as a powerful targeted immunotherapy, showing striking responses in highly refractory populations. Complete remission (CR) rates as high as 90% have been reported in children and adults with relapsed and refractory ALL treated with CAR-modified T cells targeting the B-cell–specific antigen CD19. Distinct CAR designs across several studies have produced similar promising CR rates, an encouraging finding. Even more encouraging are durable remissions observed in some patients without additional therapy. Duration of remission and CAR-modified T-cell persistence require further study and more mature follow-up, but emerging data suggest these factors may distinguish CAR designs. Supraphysiologic T-cell proliferation, a hallmark of this therapy, contributes to both efficacy and the most notable toxicity, cytokine release syndrome (CRS), posing a unique challenge for toxicity management. This review will discuss the current landscape of CD19 CAR clinical trials, CRS pathophysiology and management, and remaining challenges.
Minimal residual disease diagnostics in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: need for sensitive, fast, and standardized technologies
Authors: van Dongen Jacques J. M. , van der Velden Vincent H. J. , Brüggemann Monika , Orfao Alberto
Published: May 2015

Monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD) has become routine clinical practice in frontline treatment of virtually all childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and in many adult ALL patients. MRD diagnostics has proven to be the strongest prognostic factor, allowing for risk group assignment into different treatment arms, ranging from significant treatment reduction to mild or strong intensification. Also in relapsed ALL patients and patients undergoing stem cell transplantation, MRD diagnostics is guiding treatment decisions. This is also why the efficacy of innovative drugs, such as antibodies and small molecules, are currently being evaluated with MRD diagnostics within clinical trials. In fact, MRD measurements might well be used as a surrogate end point, thereby significantly shortening the follow-up. The MRD techniques need to be sensitive (≤10−4), broadly applicable, accurate, reliable, fast, and affordable. Thus far, flow cytometry and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of rearranged immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes (allele-specific oligonucleotide [ASO]-PCR) are claimed to meet these criteria, but classical flow cytometry does not reach a solid 10−4, whereas classical ASO-PCR is time-consuming and labor intensive. Therefore, 2 high-throughput technologies are being explored, ie, high-throughput sequencing and next-generation (multidimensional) flow cytometry, both evaluating millions of sequences or cells, respectively. Each of them has specific advantages and disadvantages.
Tilted TI models in surface microseismic monitoring
Authors: Grechka Vladimir
Published: May 2015

A recently published analytic technique for computing locations of microseismic events jointly with velocities of homogeneous isotropic media was extended to surface microseismic monitoring and transversely isotropic models with tilted symmetry axes (TTI). The analysis of traveltimes of the direct P-, SV-, and SH-waves, conducted under the assumptions of homogeneity and weak anisotropy, indicated that the SV-wave data acquired in modern wide-azimuth surface microseismic surveys yield uniquely solvable joint inverse problems for an arbitrary symmetry-axis tilt, whereas the tilts should be close to 90° from the vertical for the P-waves propagating in anelliptically anisotropic media and strictly equal to 90° for the SH-waves to maintain the uniqueness of the joint inversion. These theoretical findings, confirmed on ray-tracing synthetic, were applied to a field microseismic data set. The P-waves excited by microseismic events were found to exhibit significantly flatter moveouts and better focused stacks when located in a constructed effective TTI model compared to those located in a horizontally layered isotropic model provided as a part of conventional microseismic service.
Geochemistry and depositional history of the Union Springs Member, Marcellus Formation in central Pennsylvania
Authors: Wendt Anna K. , Arthur Mike A. , Slingerland Rudy , Kohl Daniel , Bracht Reed , Engelder Terry
Published: May 2015

Debate continues over paleoenvironmental conditions that prevail during deposition of organic-carbon (C)-rich marine source rocks in foreland basins and epicontinental seas. The focus of disagreement centers largely on paleowater depth and the prevalence of anoxia/euxinia. The issues of paleodepth and water column conditions are important for prediction of lateral variations in source quality within a basin because the viability of a hydrocarbon play depends on a thorough understanding of the distribution of source rock quality and depositional environments. We used inorganic geochemical data from the Middle Devonian Marcellus Shale in the Appalachian Basin to illustrate interpretive strategies that provided constraints on conditions during deposition. Source evaluation typically relies on the analysis and interpretation of organic geochemical indicators, potentially also providing evidence of the degree of thermal maturity and conditions of the preservation of the organic matter. The Marcellus Formation is thermally mature, making the evaluation of the organic-carbon fraction for geologic interpretation inadequate. Because most labile organic matter has largely been destroyed in the Marcellus Formation, analysis of inorganic elements may be used as an alternative interpretative technique. Several inorganic elements have been correlated to varying depositional settings, allowing for their use as proxies for understanding the paleodepositional environments of formations. A high-resolution geochemical data set has been constructed for the Union Springs Member along a transect of cores from proximal to distal in the Appalachian Basin in central Pennsylvania using major, minor, and trace elemental data. Our results suggested that during deposition, the sediment-water interface, and a portion of the water column, was anoxic to euxinic. As deposition continued, euxinia was periodically interrupted by dysoxia and even oxic conditions, and a greater influx of clastic material occurred. Such variations were likely related to fluctuations in water depth and progradation of deltaic complexes from the eastern margin of the Appalachian Basin.
Layers of listening: Qualitative analysis of the impact of early intervention services for first-episode psychosis on carers' experiences
Authors: Lavis Anna , Lester Helen , Everard Linda , Freemantle Nicholas , Amos Tim , Fowler David , Hodgekins Jo , Jones Peter , Marshall Max , Sharma Vimal , Larsen John , McCrone Paul , Singh Swaran , Smith Jo , Birchwood Max
Published: May 2015

Background

Early intervention services (EIS) comprise low-stigma, youth-friendly mental health teams for young people undergoing first-episode psychosis (FEP). Engaging with the family of the young person is central to EIS policy and practice.

Aims

By analysing carers' accounts of their daily lives and affective challenges during a relative's FEP against the background of wider research into EIS, this paper explores relationships between carers' experiences and EIS.

Method

Semi-structured longitudinal interviews with 80 carers of young people with FEP treated through English EIS.

Results

Our data suggest that EIS successfully aid carers to support their relatives, particularly through the provision of knowledge about psychosis and medications. However, paradoxical ramifications of these user-focused engagements also emerge; they risk leaving carers' emotions unacknowledged and compounding an existing lack of help-seeking.

Conclusions

By focusing on EIS's engagements with carers, this paper draws attention to an urgent broader question: as a continuing emphasis on care outside the clinic space places family members at the heart of the care of those with severe mental illness, we ask: who can, and should, support carers, and in what ways?
Playing the Dozens and Consuming the Cadillac: Ralph Ellison and Civil Rights Politics
Authors: Mills Nathaniel
Published: May 2015

This article challenges long-standing narratives of Ralph Ellison’s response to civil rights-era struggles as one of quietism, conservatism, or apolitical aestheticism. Focusing on a key episode early in Ellison’s Three Days before the Shooting …, in which a jazz musician burns his Cadillac on a US senator’s lawn to protest the senator’s racist pronouncements, I argue that Ellison adopts expressive strategies of black vernacular culture—the ritual of the dozens and African American automotive consumption—to explicate a singular conception of literary commitment, one that seeks political effectiveness precisely within formal autonomy. By tracing the presence of the Cadillac in US rhetorics of race, the nature of the dozens as a formally hermetic expressive form, and the signifying potential of conspicuous consumption, I demonstrate the radical and utopian content of Ellison’s politics in the postwar era.
Megalopolis and Wasteland: Peripheral Geographies of Tokyo (1961/1971)
Authors: Adriasola Ignacio
Published: May 2015

In this article, I juxtapose Tange Kenzō ‘s vision for a new civic and business axis to be built over Tokyo Bay in his proposal “Tokyo Megalopolis” (1961) and the Private Landscape series by photographer Hosoe Eikoh (1971–). These very different projects—Tange's paper architecture and Hosoe's art photography—share an interest in exploring the area surrounding Tokyo Bay. Through this comparison, I examine the ways that Tokyo's periphery is invoked as a site of anxiety in the context of the radicalized politics and high-growth economics of the Japanese 1960s. What does it mean that these projects concern themselves with Tokyo's periphery? Ultimately, this question leads me to a reconsideration of the nature and function of landscape, as a ghostly double of the built environment. In this article, I argue that the peripheral landscape opens itself up as a potential site from where to think an affective counter-history of Japan's postwar experience.
Concrete Abstractions: Gotô Meisei's Hapless Danchi Dwellers and Japan's Economic Miracle
Authors: Tillack Peter
Published: May 2015

This essay discusses—and introduces to English-reading audiences—the short story “Dare?” (“Who's There?,” 1970) by Gotô Meisei (1932–99). Gotô's story exemplifies his danchi shôsetsu, works of fiction critics found striking for the fact that they were set in spaces heretofore unrepresented in Japanese literature, not least because they were still so new. This was the space of the danchi, enormous apartment complexes designed to house thousands of people and essentially comprising self-contained “new towns” built on the outskirts of Japan's rapidly growing cities during the high-speed growth period (1955–73). Central to my reading of “Dare?” as social critique is the notion, propounded by Henri Lefebvre, that each mode of production produces spaces through which its imperatives are enacted. For this reason, I regard the danchi space as metonymical of the productivist ethos (seisansei) integral to Japan's postwar economic resurgence. Prior to engaging Gotô's story, I demonstrate that the danchi was but one aspect of a thoroughgoing attempt to rationalize all aspects of urban existence; this was essentially Taylorism on a macroscopic scale. I move on to discuss Gotô's depiction of the sterile concrete world of the danchi as evincing how—largely through the unconscious movements of their daily lives—people lived increasingly reified existences, effectively becoming “concrete abstractions.” Gotô elicits an awareness of this condition through two competing chronotopes—spatio-temporal axes of narrative—that are central to “Dare?” One of these is “nature” in a reductive guise. The other is “danchi dailiness,” which comprises the intersection of danchi space with the newfound banality characteristic of nichijôsei, “dailiness,” a term that critics of the time increasingly used to reference everyday life. Qualitatively different from the everyday life (nichijô seikatsu) of earlier points in Japan's modernity, nichijôsei connoted banality as a newly all-subsuming condition. Through the juxtaposition of such chronotopes, Gotô deconstructs the discourse of “miraculous” economic growth.
The Images of Russia and Russians in Colonial-Era Korean Literature: The 1930s
Authors: Tikhonov Vladimir
Published: May 2015

This essay deals with the images of Russia and Russians, as they appeared on the mental map of the world of Korea's intelligentsia of the 1930s, reflected in the prose and travelogues of that period. Politically, the attitudes toward the Soviet Union were sharply divided, with the radical Left (excluding the anarchists) offering almost unconditional support to the “motherland of the world's proletariat,” the moderate Left and moderate nonleftist nationalists being positive about many but not necessarily all sides of the “Soviet experiment,” and the colonial government, together with a number of radical (often Christian) right-wing nationalists, taking a harshly anti-Soviet stance. In the world of literary imagination, however, the images of Russia and Russians offered by the writers of different ideological and political backgrounds were often converging. This essay shows that for both the 1930s Korean writers with a background in the communist movement (exemplified here by a female novelist, Paek Sin'ae) and the mainstream authors without any radical connection (typified here by another prose writer, Yi Hyosǒk), Russia and Russians represented a civilizational “middle ground” of sorts. They perceived Russia as 1) a European country that in many ways looked most similar to Asia, and particularly Korea; 2) a mighty modern nation-state that simultaneously seemed to be hopelessly backward, even in comparison to colonial Korea; and 3) a country with a racially white population that, however, in the case of Manchuria-based Russian émigrés, could be even more marginalized inside the Japanese empire than its colonial Korean subjects. The Russians' image was imminently self-contradictory: they were culturally “noble” Europeans, often associated with the “gracious and splendid” Western classical music or architecture; but at the same time, Harbin, with its easily recognizable Russian minority, was seen primarily as a space of criminal lawlessness and a haven of commercialized sex and eroticism. All of these features were hardly associated with nobleness in the increasingly austere mobilizational atmosphere of the late 1930s Japanese empire, entering its hopeless all-out war against China and later the United States. The key words best expressing the “essence” of Harbin Russians were sorrow or pity—exactly the epithets often used by the Japanese colonialist scholars or authors about Korea itself. Korean authors, in a way, were sympathetic to the Harbin Russians, viewing them as either equally or even more marginal than colonized Koreans; but at the same time, pitying their plight was a way in which colonial Korean authors could relatively improve their own discursive standing, being comparatively more “centrally” positioned inside the Japanese imperial system.
Homology Unleashed: Colonial, Anticolonial, and Postcolonial State Culture in South Korea, 1930–1950
Authors: Chae Ou-Byung
Published: May 2015

This article examines the genealogy of postcolonial state culture in South Korea in the context of the changing imperial order in East Asia. First, we reveal an uneasy, uncomfortable, and antagonistically complicit relationship between colonial culture, anticolonial culture, and postcolonial state culture. We show that, despite the widely held view that Ilminchuŭi, the official state policy of the Syngman Rhee regime, was a fascist ideology, it was in fact developed from anticolonial ethnic discourses in Korea. In addition, despite its alleged “nationalist democracy,” Ilminchuŭi resembled Japan's statism. This raises the important question of how it was possible for postcolonial state culture to resemble both a colonial culture and an anticolonial culture. Thus, second, we explain this relationship through the concept of homology. Through its defensive and confrontational engagement with the colonial culture, the anticolonial culture came to share epistemological frames with the colonial culture. This relationship was homological in that the two cultures shared the same origin but had different qualities. We show that, in the context of the change in the regional hegemon from Japan to the United States during the postcolonial era, Ilminchuŭi was born as an unwelcomed synthesis of both.
TM9 family proteins control surface targeting of glycine-rich transmembrane domains
Authors: Perrin Jackie , Le Coadic Marion , Vernay Alexandre , Dias Marco , Gopaldass Navin , Ouertatani-Sakouhi Hajer , Cosson Pierre
Published: May 2015

TM9 family proteins (also named Phg1 proteins) have been previously shown to control cell adhesion by determining the cell surface localization of adhesion proteins such as the Dictyostelium SibA protein. Here, we show that the glycine-rich transmembrane domain (TMD) of SibA is sufficient to confer Phg1A-dependent surface targeting to a reporter protein. Accordingly, in Dictyostelium phg1A-knockout (KO) cells, proteins with glycine-rich TMDs were less efficiently transported out of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and to the cell surface. Phg1A, as well as its human ortholog TM9SF4 specifically associated with glycine-rich TMDs. In human cells, genetic inactivation of TM9SF4 resulted in an increased retention of glycine-rich TMDs in the endoplasmic reticulum, whereas TM9SF4 overexpression enhanced their surface localization. The bulk of the TM9SF4 protein was localized in the Golgi complex and a proximity-ligation assay suggested that it might interact with glycine-rich TMDs. Taken together, these results suggest that one of the main roles of TM9 proteins is to serve as intramembrane cargo receptors controlling exocytosis and surface localization of a subset of membrane proteins.
Sequence-controlled RNA self-processing: computational design, biochemical analysis, and visualization by AFM
Authors: Petkovic Sonja , Badelt Stefan , Block Stephan , Flamm Christoph , Delcea Mihaela , Hofacker Ivo , Müller Sabine
Published: May 2015

Reversible chemistry allowing for assembly and disassembly of molecular entities is important for biological self-organization. Thus, ribozymes that support both cleavage and formation of phosphodiester bonds may have contributed to the emergence of functional diversity and increasing complexity of regulatory RNAs in early life. We have previously engineered a variant of the hairpin ribozyme that shows how ribozymes may have circularized or extended their own length by forming concatemers. Using the Vienna RNA package, we now optimized this hairpin ribozyme variant and selected four different RNA sequences that were expected to circularize more efficiently or form longer concatemers upon transcription. (Two-dimensional) PAGE analysis confirms that (i) all four selected ribozymes are catalytically active and (ii) high yields of cyclic species are obtained. AFM imaging in combination with RNA structure prediction enabled us to calculate the distributions of monomers and self-concatenated dimers and trimers. Our results show that computationally optimized molecules do form reasonable amounts of trimers, which has not been observed for the original system so far, and we demonstrate that the combination of theoretical prediction, biochemical and physical analysis is a promising approach toward accurate prediction of ribozyme behavior and design of ribozymes with predefined functions.
Analysis of r-protein and RNA conformation of 30S subunit intermediates in bacteria
Authors: Napper Nathan , Culver Gloria M.
Published: May 2015

The ribosome is a large macromolecular complex that must be assembled efficiently and accurately for the viability of all organisms. In bacteria, this process must be robust and tunable to support life in diverse conditions from the ice of arctic glaciers to thermal hot springs. Assembly of theSmall ribosomalSUbunit (SSU) ofEscherichia colihas been extensively studied and is highly temperature-dependent. However, a lack of data on SSU assembly for other bacteria is problematic given the importance of the ribosome in bacterial physiology. To broaden the understanding of how optimal growth temperature may affect SSU assembly, in vitro SSU assembly of two thermophilic bacteria,Geobacillus kaustophilusandThermus thermophilus, was compared with that ofE. coli.Using these phylogenetically, morphologically, and environmentally diverse bacteria, we show that SSU assembly is highly temperature-dependent and efficient SSU assembly occurs at different temperatures for each organism. Surprisingly, the assembly landscape is characterized by at least two distinct intermediate populations in the organisms tested. This novel, second intermediate, is formed in the presence of the full complement of r-proteins, unlike the previously observed RI* particle formed in the absence of late-binding r-proteins inE. coli. This work reveals multiple distinct intermediate populations are present during SSU assembly in vitro for several bacteria, yielding insights into RNP formation and possible antimicrobial development toward this common SSU target.
January Uprising (1863) in Song
Authors: Makowska Monika
Published: May 2015

The religious and patriotic Polish song Boże coś Polskę [O God who surrounded Poland for so many centuries with splendour of power and glory] was created in 1816 honour Tsar Alexander I (since 1815 the King of the Congress Kingdom of Poland) whose policy towards his Polish subjects was perceived as benign at the time. The author of the lyrics was the well-known poet Alojzy Felinski, whereas the melody was composed by Jan Nepomucen Kaszewski by the commission of the Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich, the Tsar’s brother and the commander-in-chief of the Polish Army. Kaszewski’s melody did achieve popularity and was soon replaced by the melody of an earlier religious song (the one performed till now). However, in the years 1860-1862 immediately preceding the January Uprising, Boże coś Polskę became the unofficial Polish national anthem, sung during numerous patriotic manifestations against the partitioners. During the insurrection it was joined by new, more vivid songs based on marching melodies or dance tunes as well as Mazurek Dąbrowskiego with different versions of the lyrics.
Tomb of Veterans of National Uprisings in 1831 and 1863 in the Rakowice Cemetery in Krakow
Authors: Świątek Adam
Published: May 2015

The present article is the result of academic cataloguing of 1831 and 1863 veterans’ tomb in the Rakowice Cemetery in Krakow. The tomb was founded in 1883 by the Society for the Support of the Veterans of 1831 [Towarzystwo Opiekinad Weteranami 1831 roku]. The first part is an attempt to present the tomb’s history and the origins of the construction, with reference to the later extension and the unfulfilled plan, from the late 1930s, to build a new monumental tomb. The description is based on the acts of the National Archive in Krakow [Archiwum Narodowe w Krakowie] and on the 19th century Krakow press releases. The work also attempts to establish the number of the veterans who are buried in the tomb, because the memorial plaques which are preserved until the present day do not include all of the buried names. Some of the plaques’ inscriptions present distorted personal data: misspelled names, wrong dates of birth or death. It was possible to clarify these data on the basis of the acts located in the Municipal Cemetery Administration’s Archives of the Rakowice Cemetery in Krakow [Archiwum Zarządu Cmentarzy Komunalnych w Krakowie na Rakowicach]. An appendix which presents a list of 139 names of the veterans buried there and an inventory description of the 56 memorial plaques built into the walls of the tomb constitutes the second part of the article. The inventory provides the plaques’ sizes and the epigraphic edition of the epitaphic transcriptions. The data gathered may augment both biographical research on the lives of the participants of the Polish national uprisings living in the 19th century Krakow, as well as on the issue of cultivating the tradition of independence.
Customizable Route Planning in Road Networks
Authors: Delling Daniel , Goldberg Andrew V. , Pajor Thomas , Werneck Renato F.
Published: May 2015

We propose the first routing engine for computing driving directions in large-scale road networks that satisfies all requirements of a real-world production system. It supports arbitrary metrics (cost functions) and turn costs, enables real-time queries, and can incorporate a new metric in less than a second, which is fast enough to support real-time traffic updates and personalized cost functions. The amount of metric-specific data is a small fraction of the graph itself, which allows us to maintain several metrics in memory simultaneously. The algorithm is the core of the routing engine currently in use by Bing Maps.
Enzyme Mediated Encapsulation of Gold Nanoparticles by Polyaniline Nanoshell
Authors: Yitzchaik Shlomo
Published: May 2015

In this contribution we describe the formation of gold nanoparticles (AuNP)and polyaniline (PANI) AuNP-PANI nanocomposite via in situ enzymaticpolymerization. The method consists of electrostatic adsorption of aniliniummonomers on AuNPs citrate stabilized surface of 50 nm diameters, followedby oxidation with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme and its cofactorH2O2. All reaction steps were monitored by UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy includ-ing in situ detection of the polymerization process. UV-Vis-NIR, Cyclicvoltammetry (CV) and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measure-ments supported the formation of a nanoshell of PANI on the AuNP core. Two templates for anilinium assembly were compared revealing a strongdependence of the enzymatic kinetics on the template. The kinetic study hadshown that the rigid template of the AuNP contributes to higher reaction rateon the AuNP compared with the more flexible polyanion template. The mildreaction condition enables an easy and precise method for obtaining PANInano-shell on anionic templates for advanced bioelectronic applications
From the high ground to the swamp: A model for immersive journalism research
Authors: Niblock Sarah
Published: May 2015

This article examines a reflexive, praxis-based methodology for conducting journalism research from a practitioner-academic perspective. Journalism research methods that are interactive, iterative and which rest on a dynamic communicative partnership between academics and practitioners, offer the best way for understanding change in our dynamic field. This permits the researcher to coalesce and strengthen their identity as a practitioner-academic and develop research projects that are mutually beneficial for advancing scholarship and practice. Drawing on reflexive methodologies in the human sciences, such as hermeneutics, cybernetics and constructivism, this article envisions an immersive approach embracing phenomenology and Gestalt as a fully reflexive method of data collection.
Revolution or crisis? Framing the 2011 Tahrir Square protests in two pan-Arab satellite news networks
Authors: el-Nawawy Mohammed , Elmasry Mohamad Hamas
Published: May 2015

This study used framing analysis to unpack framing devices employed by Al-Jazeera and Al-Arabiya in their reporting of the 2011 Egyptian Revolution. Three key days of the uprising, representing a range of political events, were analysed. Results suggest that Al-Jazeera and Al-Arabiya presented very different versions of the revolution. Al-Jazeera’s coverage, which was dominated by a ‘revolution’ frame, was overwhelmingly sympathetic to the protesters and antagonistic to ousted President Hosni Mubarak, while Al-Arabiya’s coverage, which was dominated by a ‘crisis’ frame, was generally much more sympathetic to the Mubarak regime and critical of the anti-government protesters. Al-Jazeera’s reportage did not attempt to provide voice to the Mubarak government or its supporters, while Al-Arabiya’s reportage did offer a platform for some anti-Mubarak voices.
Amber waves of change: Rural community journalism in areas of declining population
Authors: Guth David
Published: May 2015

A survey of county commissioners, chamber of commerce executives and journalists in western Kansas examined perceptions and attitudes toward change in a region of declining population. The surveys were augmented with follow-up interviews. The results showed a strong preference for locally generated news content and a belief that rural journalists should be both objective and community boosters. There was skepticism towards the Internet as a source of local news. While all respondents said they welcome newcomers, only one in five indicated they were comfortable with the rising numbers of Hispanics and Latinos in the region.
The reel claiming the real: An actornetwork approach to understanding the achievement and management of documentary authority and authenticity
Authors: Mueller Floris X. , C. A. Crone Vincent
Published: May 2015

The last fifteen years have witnessed the widespread adoption of the realist style of film-making, traditionally the reserve of the documentary film on news broadcasting. As a result, it has become more difficult for a documentary to function as an objective, authentic representation of reality. In other words, the ‘real’ appears to be slipping away from the documentary ‘reel’. In this article, we examine how documentary films maintain their authoritative claim of the ‘real’ now that the monopoly of the realist style has been lost. We argue that the management of the production process has become crucial for any documentary claim of authenticity and verisimilitude. The production process has become a site of intense negotiation between the different actors involved, ranging from the director, producers and protagonists to the technological equipment itself. Using actor network theory, we flesh out this decentred vision of the production process of documentary film and subsequently illustrate how documentary authority is constructed, negotiated and contested, with excerpts from a set of 35 interviews with documentary-makers.
Online news at Canadian community newspapers: A snapshot of current practice and recommendations for change
Authors: Nagel Tyler W. S.
Published: May 2015

Community, or weekly, newspapers are the primary source of news for many Canadians, but remain an under-researched field. Though challenges facing daily newspapers in urban centres have been well documented, comparatively little is known about how smaller newspapers are responding to changes brought by the Internet. This article captures a nationwide snapshot of current online journalistic practice at Canadian weekly newspapers. A survey was sent to 776 community newspaper publishers in Canada to examine specific policies for news websites. Findings reveal a variety of approaches in Internet news distribution and website management, but a stronger emphasis and reliance on the printed edition. Enhancement of the online product is being stymied by a vicious cycle of poor revenues leading to poor quality online websites.
False start for the juncker recovery proposals
Authors: Holland Stuart
Published: May 2015

The ‘Juncker Plan’ of November 2014 proposes to define investment criteria for a European Fund for Strategic Investments. This displaces that such investments are within the statutory remit of the EIF – the European Investment Fund – which is part of the European Investment Bank Group and, like the EIB, can issue bonds that do not count on national debt. The BRICS are ready to invest in € bonds to promote European recovery since this is to mutual advantage in sustaining their trade. Rating agencies, pension funds and sovereign wealth funds want a European recovery. Nor are new investment criteria needed. They already were widely defined for the EIB Group by the 1994 Essen Council and in the 1997 Amsterdam Special Action Programme. A host of investment projects that already have planning approval can be jointly EIB-EIF financed and could achieve a Roosevelt style New Deal for Europe.http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2183‑203X_41_2
Supporting Informed Decision Making in Prevention of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Martins Constantino , Silva Ana Rita , Martins Carlos , Marreiros Goreti
Published: May 2015

Identifying and making the correct decision on the best health treatment or screening test option can become a difficult task. Therefore is important that the patients get all types of information appropriate to manage their health. Decision aids can be very useful when there is more than one reasonable option about a treatment or uncertain associated with screening tests. The decision aids tools help people to understand their clinical condition, through the description of the different options available. The purpose of this paper is to present the project “Supporting Informed Decision Making In Prevention of Prostate Cancer” (SIDEMP). This project is focused on the creation of a Web-based decision platform specifically directed to screening prostate cancer, that will support the patient in the process of making an informed decision
A HMM text classification model with learning capacity
Authors: Iglesias Eva L. , Borrajo Lourdes , Romero R.
Published: May 2015

In this paper a method of classifying biomedical text documents based on Hidden Markov Model is proposed and evaluated. The method is integrated into a framework named BioClass. Bioclass is composed of intelligent text classification tools and facilitates the comparison between them because it has several views of the results. The main goal is to propose a more effective based-on content classifier than current methods in this environment To test the effectiveness of the classifier presented, a set of experiments performed on the OSHUMED corpus are preseted. Our model is tested adding it learning capacity and without it, and it is compared with other classification techniques. The results suggest that the adaptive HMM model is indeed more suitable for document classification.
Obtaining Relevant Genes by Analysis of Expression Arrays with a Multi-Agent System
Authors: González Alfonso , Ramos Juan , De Paz Juan F. , Corchado Juan M.
Published: May 2015

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive form of breast cancer. Despite treatment with chemotherapy, relapses are frequent and response to these treatments is not the same in younger women as in older women. Therefore, the identification of genes that provoke this disease is required, as well as the identification of therapeutic targets.There are currently different hybridization techniques, such as expression ar-rays, which measure the signal expression of both the genomic and tran-scriptomic levels of thousands of genes of a given sample. Probesets of Gene 1.0 ST GeneChip arrays provide the ultimate genome transcript coverage, providing a measurement of the expression level of the sample.This paper proposes a multi-agent system to manage information of expres-sion arrays, with the goal of providing an intuitive system that is also extensible to analyze and interpret the results.The roles of agent integrate different types of techniques, from statistical and data mining techniques that select a set of genes, to search techniques that find pathways in which such genes participate, and information extraction techniques that apply a CBR system to check if these genes are involved in the disease.
A Future Look
Authors: Dias Eduardo Mario , Facchini Eduardo , De Moraes Antônio Carlos , Lima Ferreira Mauricio , Reginato Este Willian , Pinho Dias Maria Lídia Rebello
Published: May 2015

Since the Industrial Revolution, some believe that the machines will take the place of men, their simplest task to the most sophisticated. Others, that technology has transformed the habits of society and improves his quality of life. This article debates the technology and its relationship with the man, the automation of human occupations and the impact on their daily lives.Although the issue travels in the realm of science fiction, the man faces specifically with the machine in carrying out their professional activities, in meeting their reproductive needs, including entertainment. To address this issue, it was essential to recover the debate on the Law of Declining Trend Profit formulated by Karl Marx in Capital Rate and illustrates, recover the work of Isaac Asimov's fiction, I, Robot.
Hematological and immunological effects of gallium, indium, and arsenic in light emitting diodes manufacturing workers
Authors: Liao Yen-Hsiung
Published: May 2015

Purpose: To determine whether hematological and immunological changes occur in manufacturing workers in association with gallium, indium, and arsenic biomarkers in light-emitting diodes.Methods: 91exposed light-emitting diodes, workers and 24 referents were monitored for whole blood and urine levels of gallium, indium, and arsenic. Venous blood was also collected for routine and immunological analyses.Results: The mean levels of blood in, urine Ga, urine as, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in the exposed workers were significantly than in referents. The values of mean corpuscular volume (MCV), white blood cell counts (WBCs), neutrophils, lymphocytes, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and IgG in the exposed workers were lower than in referents. Combined exposure to Ga, In, and As showed a significant change in trends of decreased MCV, WBCs, neutrophils, lymphocytes, IFN,γ, and IgG value, after adjusting for appropriate confounders.Conclusion: These findings indicated that heavier exposed to Ga, In, and As may suppress hematological and immunological variables.
The Donation of Gametes and the Anonimity of the Donors
Authors: Krastev R. , Mitev V.
Published: May 2015

A study of the public opinion in Bulgaria in regard to the possibility of the adult children, created by gamete donation, to learn who their biological parents are was made. This investigation was an on-line survey. The participants in the study are individuals between 18 and 65 years of age - Internet users. The survey was included into different web sites and this enlarged the number of respondents (up to 994) and 85% of them were persons in fertile age - from 18 to 43 years. The answers of the respondents in relation of the demographic features - gender, age, education, family status and place of living were studied. The data were calculated with the special statistical product SPSS 16. A critical level of significance 0.05 was used. Results: Almost half (47%) of the respondents agree that the children born from gamete donors have the right to know at adulthood their biological parents, 35% disagree and 18% have no opinion. The demographic features influencing the answers of the question are the gender, the education and the family status of the respondents (p < 0.05). Most of the men (60%) consider that the children have the right to know their biological parents while only 44% of the women approve. The highest support of the idea about contact between the donors and their genetic off springs show the people with secondary education (56%) and the most skeptical are the respondents with high non-medical education (40%). The family status influences the opinion of the respondents - the approval of the married and unmarried is 38% and 60%, respectively.