bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dendrohydrological Reconstructions Based on Tree-Ring Width (TRW) Chronologies of Narrow-Leaved Ash in the Sava River Basin (Croatia)
Authors: Trlin Domagoj , Mikac Stjepan , Žmegač Anja , Orešković Marko
Published: February 2021

Current flood risk management is based on statistical models and assessments of the risk of occurrence over a given time period, although with very short measurement periods, usually following catastrophic events. Ongoing monitoring of basic hydrological (river-water level and streamflow) and climate data are the basis for sustainable water management and long-term flood control planning. The lack of data has proven to be particularly negative during this period of global climate change, when non-seasonal flooding (during summer) is becoming increasingly frequent, and the resulting damage greater. The aim of this study was to analyse the possible use of tree ring width chronologies of trees growing in floodplain areas to reconstruct hydrodynamic variables (river-water level and streamflow). The study analysed the influence of climatic and hydrological variables on the growth of narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl) in the Sava River basin. The results indicate the significant potential of narrow-leaved ash tree-ring width chronologies to reconstruct the summer streamflows of the Sava River (R2 = 0.45). These results can serve to develop long-term data series on the summer streamflows of the river, thereby enabling better insight into its spatial and temporal dynamics with the goal of more successful, sustainable management of floodplain areas.
Indoor and Outdoor Air Quality for Sustainable Life: A Case Study of Rural and Urban Settlements in Poor Neighbourhoods in Kenya
Authors: Mutahi Anne Wambui , Borgese Laura , Marchesi Claudio , Gatari Michael J. , Depero Laura E.
Published: February 2021

This paper reports on the indoor and outdoor air quality in informal urban and rural settlements in Kenya. The study is motivated by the need to improve consciousness and to understand the harmful health effects of air quality to vulnerable people, especially in poor communities. Ng’ando urban informal settlement and Leshau Pondo rural village in Kenya are selected as representative poor neighborhoods where unclean energy sources are used indoor for cooking, lighting and heating. Filter based sampling for gravimetrical, elemental composition and black carbon (BC) analysis of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) is performed. findings from Ng’ando and Leshau Pondo showed levels exceeding the limit suggested by the world health organization (WHO), with rare exceptions. Significantly higher levels of PM2.5 and black carbon are observed in indoors than outdoor samples, with a differences in the orders of magnitudes and up to 1000 µg/m3 for PM2.5 in rural settlements. The elemental composition reveals the presence of potentially toxic elements, in addition to characterization, emission sources were also identified. Levels of Pb exceeding the WHO limit are found in the majority of samples collected in the urban locations near major roads with heavy traffic. Our results demonstrate that most of the households live in deplorable air quality conditions for more than 12 h a day and women and children are more affected. Air quality condition is much worse in rural settlements where wood and kerosene are the only available fuels for their energy needs.
Reducing Plastic Bag Use Through Prosocial Incentives
Authors: Lange Florian , De Weerdt Laurens , Verlinden Laurent
Published: February 2021

While excessive plastic use has severe ecological consequences, the distant nature of these consequences may limit their effect on individual plastic use behavior. One possibility to address this problem is to link plastic use behavior to more direct consequences. Pro-environmental behavior researchers adopting this approach typically try to change people’s behavior by providing them with monetary incentives. Here, we pursued an alternative strategy by linking pro-environmental behavior to prosocial incentives. Takeaway customers of a fast food restaurant were informed that, for every unused plastic bag, a small donation would be made to a charitable organization. In comparison to baseline and control conditions, the likelihood of using a restaurant-provided plastic bag was more than halved when plastic-bag refusal led to such prosocial incentives. In addition, we tested whether the effectiveness of prosocial incentives depended on their size and on the type of organization (prosocial vs. environmental) receiving the incentive. While these latter analyses revealed some promising trends, they did not allow for definitive conclusions about the effect of these parameters. Hence, while our field experiment provides support for the general effectiveness of prosocial incentives, more research is needed to determine which prosocial incentives are most effective in shaping plastic bag use and other environmentally relevant behaviors.
On the Development of Triple Homogeneously Weighted Moving Average Control Chart
Authors: Riaz Muhammad , Abbas Zameer , Nazir Hafiz Zafar , Abid Muhammad
Published: February 2021

To detect sustainable changes in the manufacturing processes, memory-type charting schemes are frequently functioning. The recently designed, homogenously weighted moving average (HWMA) technique is effective for identifying substantial changes in the processes. To make the HWMA chart more effective for persistent shifts in the industrial processes, a double HWMA (DHWMA) chart has been proposed recently. This study intends to develop a triple HWMA (THWMA) chart for efficient monitoring of the process mean under zero- and steady-state scenarios. The non-normal effects of monitoring characteristics under in-control situations for heavy-tailed highly skewed and contaminated normal environments are computed under both states. The relative efficiency of the proposed structure is compared with HWMA, DHWMA, exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA), double EWMA, and the more effective triple EWMA control charting schemes. The relative analysis reveals that the proposed THWMA design performs more efficiently than the existing counterparts. An illustrative application related to substrate manufacturing is also incorporated to demonstrate the proposal.
Isolation and Structure Elucidation of a Novel Symmetrical Macrocyclic Phthalate Hexaester
Authors: Kamio Michiya , Jiang Weina , Osada Hiroki , Fukuoka Masayuki , Uchida Hajime , Watanabe Ryuichi , Suzuki Toshiyuki , Nagai Hiroshi
Published: February 2021

A novel symmetrical macrocyclic phthalate hexaester (1) and a known macrocyclic phthalate tetraester (2) were isolated during a natural product-exploring program on the cyanobacterium Moorea producens. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic data, including nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution mass spectra. In the antibacterial activity test, compounds 1 and 2 showed no bioactivity at the concentrations tested.
A Kinetic Theory Model of the Dynamics of Liquidity Profiles on Interbank Networks
Authors: Dolfin Marina , Leonida Leone , Muzzupappa Eleonora
Published: February 2021

This paper adopts the Kinetic Theory for Active Particles (KTAP) approach to model the dynamics of liquidity profiles on a complex adaptive network system that mimic a stylized financial market. Individual incentives of investors to form or delete a link is driven, in our modelling framework, by stochastic game-type interactions modelling the phenomenology related to policy rules implemented under Basel III, and it is exogeneously and dynamically influenced by a measure of overnight interest rate. The strategic network formation dynamics that emerges from the introduced transition probabilities modelling individual incentives of investors to form or delete links, provides a wide range of measures using which networks might be considered “best” from the point of view of the overall welfare of the system. We use the time evolution of the aggregate degree of connectivity to measure the time evolving network efficiency in two different scenarios, suggesting a first analysis of the stability of the arising and evolving network structures.
A Systems Approach to Examining PhD Students’ Well-Being: An Australian Case
Authors: Dhirasasna Nina , Suprun Emiliya , MacAskill Stefen , Hafezi Mehdi , Sahin Oz
Published: February 2021

Previous research regarding PhD students’ well-being (PhD-WB) has lacked a comprehensive and systemic analysis. This research engages with a systems approach to examine the multiple variables, including feedback mechanisms, which influence PhD-WB over time. The model was developed using a structural analysis method (Cross-impact analysis MICMAC) that informed a causal loop diagram (CLD). The aim was to understand what promotes (drivers) and inhibits (barriers) PhD students’ well-being. The results show that PhD students’ well-being reflects an interplay between university, financial support, students’ mental and physical health, and family/friends. However, the analysis shows that the role of the drivers is dynamic, and they can become barriers in certain circumstances. This insight validates the application of systems thinking to illustrate the complexity of PhD students’ well-being.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) G Protein Vaccines With Central Conserved Domain Mutations Induce CX3C-CX3CR1 Blocking Antibodies
Authors: Bergeron Harrison C. , Murray Jackelyn , Nuñez Castrejon Ana M. , DuBois Rebecca M. , Tripp Ralph A.
Published: February 2021

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection can cause bronchiolitis, pneumonia, morbidity, and some mortality, primarily in infants and the elderly, for which no vaccine is available. The RSV attachment (G) protein contains a central conserved domain (CCD) with a CX3C motif implicated in the induction of protective antibodies, thus vaccine candidates containing the G protein are of interest. This study determined if mutations in the G protein CCD would mediate immunogenicity while inducing G protein CX3C-CX3CR1 blocking antibodies. BALB/c mice were vaccinated with structurally-guided, rationally designed G proteins with CCD mutations. The results show that these G protein immunogens induce a substantial anti-G protein antibody response, and using serum IgG from the vaccinated mice, these antibodies are capable of blocking the RSV G protein CX3C-CX3CR1 binding while not interfering with CX3CL1, fractalkine.
Integrase-Defective Lentiviral Vector Is an Efficient Vaccine Platform for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Morante Valeria , Borghi Martina , Farina Iole , Michelini Zuleika , Grasso Felicia , Gallinaro Alessandra , Cecchetti Serena , Di Virgilio Antonio , Canitano Andrea , Pirillo Maria Franca , Bona Roberta , Cara Andrea , Negri Donatella
Published: February 2021

Integrase-defective lentiviral vectors (IDLVs) have been used as a safe and efficient delivery system in several immunization protocols in murine and non-human primate preclinical models as well as in recent clinical trials. In this work, we validated in preclinical murine models our vaccine platform based on IDLVs as delivery system for cancer immunotherapy. To evaluate the anti-tumor activity of our vaccine strategy we generated IDLV delivering ovalbumin (OVA) as a non-self-model antigen and TRP2 as a self-tumor associated antigen (TAA) of melanoma. Results demonstrated the ability of IDLVs to eradicate and/or controlling tumor growth after a single immunization in preventive and therapeutic approaches, using lymphoma and melanoma expressing OVA. Importantly, LV-TRP2 but not IDLV-TRP2 was able to break tolerance efficiently and prevent tumor growth of B16F10 melanoma cells. In order to improve the IDLV efficacy, the human homologue of murine TRP2 was used, showing the ability to break tolerance and control the tumor growth. These results validate the use of IDLV for cancer therapy.
Phosphorous Supply to a Eutrophic Artificial Lake: Sedimentary versus Groundwater Sources
Authors: Förster Wiebe , Scholten Jan , Schubert Michael , Knoeller Kay , Classen Nikolaus , Lechelt Michael , Richard Jan-Helge , Rohweder Udo , Zunker Isabell , Wanner Susanne
Published: February 2021

The eutrophic Lake Eichbaumsee, a ~1 km long and 280 m wide (maximum water depth 16 m) dredging lake southeast of Hamburg (Germany), has been treated for water quality improvements using various techniques (i.e., aeration plants, removal of dissolved phosphorous by aluminum phosphorous precipitation, and by Bentophos® (Phoslock Environmental Technologies, Sydney, Australia), adsorption) during the past ~15 years. Despite these treatments, no long-term improvement of the water quality has been observed and the lake water phosphorous content has continued to increase by e.g., ~670 kg phosphorous between autumn 2014 and autumn 2019. As no creeks or rivers drain into the lake and hydrological groundwater models do not suggest any major groundwater discharge into the lake, sources of phosphorous (and other nutrients) are unknown. We investigated the phosphorous fluxes from sediment pore water and from groundwater in the water body of the lake. Sediment pore water was extracted from sediment cores recovered by divers in August 2018 and February 2019. Diffusive phosphorous fluxes from pore water were calculated based on phosphorus gradients. Stable water isotopes (δ2H, δ18O) were measured in the lake water, in interstitial waters in the banks surrounding the lake, in the Elbe River, and in three groundwater wells close to the lake. Stable isotope (δ2H, δ18O) water mass balance models were used to compute water inflow/outflow to/from the lake. Our results revealed pore-water borne phosphorous fluxes between 0.2 mg/m2/d and 1.9 mg/m2/d. Assuming that the measured phosphorous fluxes are temporarily and spatially representative for the whole lake, about 11 kg/a to 110 kg/a of phosphorous is released from sediments. This amount is lower than the observed lake water phosphorous increase of ~344 kg between April 2018 and November 2018. Water stable isotope (δ2H, δ18O) compositions indicate a water exchange between an aquifer and the lake water. Based on stable isotope mass balances we estimated an inflow of phosphorous from the aquifer to the lake of between ~150 kg/a and ~390 kg/a. This result suggests that groundwater-borne phosphorous is a significant phosphorous source for the Eichbaumsee and highlights the importance of groundwater for lake water phosphorous balances.
Trend Analyses of Baseflow and BFI for Undisturbed Watersheds in Michigan—Constraints from Multi-Objective Optimization
Authors: Hagedorn Benjamin , Meadows Christina
Published: February 2021

Documenting how ground- and surface water systems respond to climate change is crucial to understanding water resources, particularly in the U.S. Great Lakes region, where drastic temperature and precipitation changes are observed. This study presents baseflow and baseflow index (BFI) trend analyses for 10 undisturbed watersheds in Michigan using (1) multi-objective optimization (MOO) and (2) modified Mann–Kendall (MK) tests corrected for short-term autocorrelation (STA). Results indicate a variability in mean baseflow (0.09–8.70 m3/s) and BFI (67.9–89.7%) that complicates regional-scale extrapolations of groundwater recharge. Long-term (>60 years) MK trend tests indicate a significant control of total precipitation (P) and snow- to rainfall transitions on baseflow and BFI. In the Lower Peninsula Rifle River watershed, increasing P and a transition from snow- to rainfall has increased baseflow at a lower rate than streamflow; an overall pattern that may contribute to documented flood frequency increases. In the Upper Peninsula Ford River watershed, decreasing P and a transition from rain- to snowfall had no significant effects on baseflow and BFI. Our results highlight the value of an objectively constrained BFI parameter for shorter-term (<50 years) hydrologic trend analysis because of a lower STA susceptibility.
Research about Organic Matter Removal and Biofilms Development of Pilot-Scale UV/H2O2-BAC Process
Authors: Song Wuchang , Li Congcong , Du Zhenqi , Yue Jiangang , Sun Wenjun , Hou Lian , Liu Jianguang , Jia Ruibao
Published: February 2021

As a green advanced process for drinking water treatment, the UV/hydrogen peroxide (UV/H2O2) process has been gradually applied in China. To study the effect and mechanism of organic matter removal and the development of microbial communities in the UV/H2O2-biological activated carbon (UV/H2O2-BAC) process, a pilot-scale UV/H2O2-BAC system was built and operated over one year. Low water temperature affects the UV/H2O2 process efficiency, the biofilms in the BAC system were mature and stable after 240 days, and the contribution rate of BAC adsorption to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal was approximately 14.2% after one year of operation. The liquid chromatography-organic carbon detection (LC-OCD) analysis shows that UV/H2O2 process can increase the amounts of Low Molecular Weight (LMW) neutrals, and the specific UV absorbance (SUVA254) value is not suitable for predicting Trihalomethanes (THMs) precursor contents in water after UV/H2O2 treatment. High-throughput sequencing results prove that microbial species in the middle section are the most abundant compared to those in the influent and effluent sections, hydrogen peroxide has lower inhibition on the development of microbial community than ozone and the low concentration of hydrogen peroxide (<0.25 mg/L) promotes the development of the microbial communities, hydrogen peroxide can reduce Proteobacteria abundance by inhibiting the growth of anaerobes. Acidobacteria may have a certain contribution to the degradation of soil organic matter (SOM), and the effluent section of BAC with low DOC concentration cannot form the dominant species of Rhodobacter.
Assessment of Renewal Priority of Water Pipeline Network against Earthquake Risk
Authors: Hamamoto Shogo , Ito Lisa , Tokai Akihiro
Published: February 2021

Long-term outage of drinking water supply after earthquakes has large adverse impacts on the lives of residents and cities’ water supply systems. Priority assessment is required to determine the effective order of preparing the measures against these hazards. Previous studies have insufficiently focused on the effects of seismic resistance of core pipelines, thereby affecting all the other branched pipelines that supply the water to each residential area. In our research, we aimed to propose the appropriate order of core pipelines derived from the center of the water treatment plants in Osaka, Japan against the Nankai Trough earthquake. Solutions that cause less damage have been needed because natural disaster prediction has had a lot of uncertainty. We proposed indices that can evaluate an appropriate renewal plan that considers the damage of core pipelines of water and the renewal cost for core pipeline networks based on the scenario analysis and the Monte Carlo simulation. The amount of water distribution of core pipelines in each area is the top priority when renewing them in terms of cost-effectiveness and expected rate of water outage under the disaster.
Scientific Methods to Understand Fish Population Dynamics and Support Sustainable Fisheries Management
Authors: Gebremedhin Shewit , Bruneel Stijn , Getahun Abebe , Anteneh Wassie , Goethals Peter
Published: February 2021

Fisheries play a significant role in the livelihoods of the world population, while the dependence on fisheries is acute in developing countries. Fisheries are consequently a critical element for meeting the sustainable development (SDG) and FAO goals to reduce poverty, hunger and improve health and well-being. However, 90% of global marine fish stocks are fully or over-exploited. The amount of biologically unsustainable stocks increased from 10% in 1975 to 33% in 2015. Freshwater ecosystems are the most endangered ecosystems and freshwater fish stocks are worldwide in a state of crisis. The continuous fish stock decline indicates that the world is still far from achieving SDG 14 (Life Below Water), FAO’s Blue Growth Initiative goal and SDG 15 (Life on Land, including freshwater systems). Failure to effectively manage world fish stocks can have disastrous effects on biodiversity and the livelihoods and socio-economic conditions of millions of people. Therefore, management strategies that successfully conserve the stocks and provide optimal sustainable yields are urgently needed. However, successful management is only possible when the necessary data are obtained and decision-makers are well informed. The main problem for the management of fisheries, particularly in developing countries, is the lack of information on the past and current status of the fish stocks. Sound data collection and validation methods are, therefore, important. Stock assessment models, which support sustainable fisheries, require life history traits as input parameters. In order to provide accurate estimates of these life history traits, standardized methods for otolith preparation and validation of the rate of growth zone deposition are essential. This review aims to assist researchers and fisheries managers, working on marine and freshwater fish species, in understanding concepts and processes related to stock assessment and population dynamics. Although most examples and case studies originate from developing countries in the African continent, the review remains of great value to many other countries.
Understanding Public Acceptance of a Multifunctional Water Plaza: A Case Study
Authors: Netzel Leon , Drewing Emily , Netzel Louis , Denecke Martin
Published: February 2021

Climate change enhances pluvial flood risk in many cities all over the world, especially in densely populated urban areas with high impervious surfaces that need to adapt to heavy precipitation. For this purpose, multifunctional stormwater infrastructures such as water plazas appear promising as there is a high competition for open space in most urban areas. Yet, to date only very few water plazas have been realized with at least one implementation hampered by a lack of public acceptance. In this study, semi-structured interviews are used to investigate how plans to build a water plaza in the city of Cologne are perceived by local residents. Factors crucial to public acceptance are identified. Experience with flooding, knowledge of the planned construction and awareness of benefits turned out to be important for acceptance, whereas social and personal norms were less relevant. The identified factors led to finding recommendations to promote public acceptance of innovative climate adaptation measures like water plazas.
Mapping Groundwater Potential Zones Using a Knowledge-Driven Approach and GIS Analysis
Authors: Zhu Qiande , Abdelkareem Mohamed
Published: February 2021

Despite the Sahara being one of the most arid regions on Earth, it has experienced rainfall conditions in the past and could hold plentiful groundwater resources. Thus, groundwater is one of the most precious water resources in this region, which suffers from water shortage due to the limited rainfall caused by climatic conditions. This article will assess the knowledge-driven techniques employed to develop a model to integrate the multicriteria derived from geologic, geomorphic, structural, seismic, hydrologic, and remotely sensed data. This model was tested on the defunct Kom Ombo area of Egypt’s Nile river basin in the eastern Sahara, which covers ~28,200 km2, to reveal the promising areas of groundwater resources. To optimize the output map, we updated the model by adding the automated depression resulting from a fill-difference approach and seismic activity layers combined with other evidential maps, including slope, topography, geology, drainage density, lineament density, soil characteristics, rainfall, and morphometric characteristics, after assigning a weight for each using a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based knowledge-driven approach. The paleochannels and soil characteristics were visualized using Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS)/Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) data. Several hydromorphic characteristics, sinks/depressions, and sub-basin characteristics were extracted using Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data. The results revealed that the assessed groundwater potential zones (GPZs) can be arranged into five distinctive groups, depending on their probability for groundwater, namely very low (6.56%), low (22.62%), moderate (30.75%), high (29.71%), and very high (10.34%). The downstream areas and Wadi Garara have very high recharge and storage potential. Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) coherence change detection (CCD) derived from Sentinel-1 data revealed a consistency between areas with high InSAR CCD (low change) that received a plausible amount of surface water and those with very low InSAR CCD values close to 0 (high change). Landsat data validated the areas that received runoff and are of high potentiality. The twenty-nine groundwater well locations overlaid on the GPZs, to assess the predicted model, indicated that about 86.17% of the wells were matched with very good to moderate potential zones.
Communication of chambers of commerce and industry on the example of the Union «Leningrad Regional Chamber of Commerce and Industry»
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Proshkina Samira Ilgarovna
Published: February 2021

This article is devoted to an urgent problem - the role of chambers of commerce and industry as an intermediary between business and government bodies. The goal is to confirm the hypothesis that the Union “Leningrad Regional Chamber of Commerce and Industry” is an effective platform for interaction between business communities and representatives of state authorities using the analysis of the communication and GR-activities. The work focuses on historiography, models and international experience of communication of chambers of commerce and industry, and analyzes the subject of communication – The LRCCI. Methods used in the analysis: expert interviews with different groups (the top management of the LRCCI, entrepreneurs and government bodies), analysis of social networks, case-story method. The article discusses three questions that are revealed in the course of the text
Eficacia del mini mental y PFEIFFER (SPMSQ) para detectar deterioro cognitivo en mayores de 65 años
Authors: Angamarca Coello Daniela Elizabeth , González Ortega Álvaro , Muñoz Palomeque Danilo Gustavo , Domínguez Villizhañay Juan Diego
Published: February 2021

Introducción: El deterioro cognitivo (DC) es un problema cada vez más frecuente, y a menudo no es diagnosticado, porque impide una terapéutica temprana, dificultando posteriormente la calidad de vida de quien lo padece. Objetivo: determinar la eficacia de los cuestionarios Mini Mental y PFEIFFER (SPMSQ) para detectar la existencia de deterioro cognitivo en personas mayores de 65 años. Método: estudio analítico de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo constituida por los adultos mayores del centro geriátrico de Macas. La utilidad diagnóstica se evaluó mediante el cálculo del área bajo la curva ROC (AUC), para el cálculo de los valores de sensibilidad (S), especificidad (E) se tomaron los puntos de corte más significativos y se comparó ambos test para determinar DC. Resultados: el 53% de los pacientes fueron del género masculino y la media de 82 años. El 50% presentaron síntomas de DC con al menos un cuestionario positivo; el 58% fueron positivos con Pfeiffer y el 91% con Mini mental. Finalmente, los valores de sensibilidad y especificidad del mini mental fueron de 91% y 100% respectivamente y el AUC fue de 1 mientras Pfeiffer obtuvo una S y E de 100% y AUC de 0.9, demostrando este último ser más efectivo para el diagnóstico de DC. Conclusión: se determinó que el test de Pfeiffer fue más efectivo que el Mini mental para el diagnóstico de DC; además, la edad y el nivel de escolaridad son factores más asociados a esta patología.
Automedicación con AINE en futbolistas profesionales de los equipos de primera división del DMQ
Authors: Ríos Quiñónez María Belén
Published: February 2021

Introducción: Varios estudios a cargo de la Federación Internacional de Fútbol han identificado el abuso de AINE (Analgésicos Antinflamatorios No Esteroideo) en los futbolistas indicando que casi el 40% de los jugadores del mundial de 2010 tomaron medicamentos para el dolor antes de cada partido. Objetivo: identificar el nivel de conocimiento sobre AINE que presentan los futbolistas profesionales de las plantillas de primera división, a través del análisis y realidad de cada equipo. Método: se aplicaron encuestas validadas por los departamentos médicos de cada club y a través de preguntas abiertas, cerradas y formato de opción múltiple, se determinó que: la edad de los futbolistas profesionales en estudio oscila entre los 15 y 34 años. Resultados: Respecto al conocimiento del grupo farmacológico que contrarresta síntomas de dolor, fiebre e inflamación; se determinó que existe gran confusión e ignorancia en relación a la identificación de medicamentos y su conceptualización. Así mismo, respecto a principios activos que tratan dolor, fiebre e inflamación, se notó preferencia por Ibuprofeno, Paracetamol y Diclofenaco. Y que menos del 50% del total de futbolistas reconocen los efectos adversos de los fármacos en estudio. Conclusión: existen falencias respecto al conocimiento de medicamentos (AINE), y que debido a la premura con la que requieren volver a las canchas, éstos profesionales del deporte, suelen confiar en personas que no se encuentran capacitados en medicina o en temas farmacológicos.
Evaluación de susceptibilidad en cándidas spp por colorimetría obtenida en gestantes de un hospital obstétrico
Authors: Ávila Tandazo Marly Katherine , Villacís Villacís Anny Gabriela , Silverio Carmen
Published: February 2021

Introducción: Las infecciones fúngicas ocasionadas por levaduras del género Cándida son extremadamente comunes en mujeres de edad reproductiva, y constituyen un motivo de atención medica de salud. Objetivo: evaluar la susceptibilidad de Cándidas spp, mediante el método colorimétrico (Integral Yeast System Plus). Método: fue de tipo descriptivo, transversal; se recopiló información mediante observación directa en campo y el análisis documental para obtener información bibliográfica de tipo secundaria. Resultados: De los 72 casos encontrados de Cándida Albicans revela que son susceptibles a la anfotericina B (2ug/ml); de los 5 casos encontrados de Cándida Krusei revela que son sensibles a la Anfotericina B (2ug/ml); De 1 caso encontrado de Cándida Parapsilosis revela sensibilidad en la Nistatina (1.25ug/ml). En este estudio la prevalencia de la infección por Cándida fue del (44.98%). Conclusiones: Cándida Albicans fue la especie más común aislada en las mujeres embarazadas representando un 72%, En la evaluación de la susceptibilidad a través del kit Integral System Yeast Plus se obtuvo que Cándida Albicans es susceptible a Anfotericina B, Flucitosina entre otros, en Cándida Glabrata se obtuvo que es sensible a la Nistatina, Anfotericina B, susceptible entre otros, en Cándida Krusei se obtuvo que es sensible a la Anfotericina B, Clotrimazol, Miconazol, susceptibles a la Nistatina, Voriconazol y resistente a la Flucitosina, Ketoconazol, Itraconazol y Fluconazol.
Aplicación del modelo matemático SEIR en la pandemia por Covid-19, relevancia en salud pública
Authors: Culqui Sánchez Marco , Nasimba Quinatoa Jaime , Chiliquinga Calderón Edgar
Published: February 2021

Introducción: El pasado 11 de marzo del 2020 la OMS (Organización Mundial para la Salud) realizó la declaratoria de pandemia por Sars-Cov 2, un nuevo coronavirus identificado en China a finales del 2019. Hasta la actualidad el virus se ha diseminado rápidamente en varios países poniendo a prueba los sistemas de salud de los mismos. Los modelos epidemiológicos matemáticos como SEIR (susceptible, expuesto, infectado, removido) han sido utilizados durante años para la gestión y estudio de enfermedades infecciosas. El objetivo: describir las características del modelo matemático SEIR y su aplicación en la gestión de la pandemia con su implicación en las decisiones de salud pública. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de artículos originales escritos en español o inglés y publicados entre 2015-2020, sobre modelos matemáticos y de tipo SEIR, la relación con las enfermedades infecciosas, la pandemia por Covid-19 e influencia en las decisiones en salud pública. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos google scholar, Medline, Science Direct. No se hicieron restricciones respecto al tipo de estudio. Resultados: El modelamiento matemático para enfermedades infecciosas de tipo SEIR se utiliza como herramienta de predicción para la toma decisiones y deben valorarse objetivamente. Una opción para evaluar las ecuaciones y graficar sus resultados del modelo es el uso del software MATLAB. Conclusión: se destaca su aporte en la comprensión del avance de la pandemia por Covid-19 y la influencia en la toma de decisiones para diseñar estrategias de prevención y respuesta en salud pública.
МОТИВАЦІЯ ПРІЗВИСЬК СПОРТИВНИХ КОМАНД АМЕРИКАНСЬКИХ УНІВЕРСИТЕТІВ І КОЛЕДЖІВ
Authors: Зосімова О. В. , Очнєва Т. О.
Published: February 2021

У статті розглянуто особливості мотивації прізвиськ спортивних команд американських університетів і коледжів. У результаті дослідження виокремлено 2 основні мотиваційні типи — реально та умовно мотивовані неофіційні назви. До першого типу належать оніми, утворені від назв навчальних закладів; від назв штатів чи міст, де розташований коледж; від етнонімів; прізвиська, пов’язані з місцевою промисловістю й заняттями мешканців; з географією регіону; зі спеціальністю, яку отримують студенти; з кольором форми команди; з міфологією та фольклором. Умовно мотивовані прізвиська походять від назв тварин; рослин; назв титулів, рангів, професій і слів на позначення становища людини в суспільстві; назв природних явищ; об’єктів матеріального світу. З’ясовано, що найпоширенішими є прізвиська, утворені від назв тварин та пов’язані з кольором форми гравців.
Do Healthcare Metadata Models Designed for Web Publishing
Meet the Accreditation Standards? A Case Study in the Healthcare and
Medical Education
Authors: Alfayez Reem
Published: February 2021

This article reports comparison results from studying the
alignment of selected metadata models, used to manage E‑Learning
Materials (ELM) in the medicine and healthcare education, against
the accreditation standards of the European Accreditation Council
for Continuing Medical Education (EACCME). The study aims to (1)
illustrate the variety of application profiles developed as metadata
models in that field, (2) identify the alignment of the metadata
models with the criteria set by the EACCME. This study com¬pared
several application profiles, developed based on established
metadata standards, using an evaluation matrix created using the
accreditation criteria set by the EACCME. Further technical criteria
were added to compare between the metadata models and their
alignment with the new techniques used for publishing data online.
Such techniques aid in the searchabililty and discovery of online
content via the internet. Therefore, the use of XML and RDF
technologies combined with the use of ontologies and controlled
vocabulary was emphasized in the implementation of many metadata
models. One limitation faced during conducting this research was the
poor documentation of the methodology for designing the metadata
models. Despite this, it is apparent that the EACCME criteria can
work as best practices guidelines for describing the content of
digital libraries with medical and healthcare content in order to be
accredited later on. The study showed that the medicine and
healthcare educational content requires specialized metadata models
that consider having specific properties such as clinical history
and expiry time of its material shown in some of the application
profiles. Further research should be conducted to evaluate the
completeness and conformity of applying the application profiles in
digital libraries and online repositories to the standards’
guidelines.
Mathematical Modeling for the Development of a Multilevel ;Electronic Physician Assistant and Simplified Assignment of Corrective Therapy to Immunocompromised Patients
Authors: V.M. Zemskov , A.M. Zemskov , V. Neymann , M.N. Kozlova , A.A. Alekseev , K.N. Pronko , V.A. Zemskova , V.S. Demidova , A. Sh. Revishvili
Published: February 2021

The development of a multilevel "electronic doctor's assistant" for identifying immunologically compromised persons and the choice of optimal differentiated immunotherapy for pyo-inflammatory and other diseases is outlined.
Modelling Earthquake’s Inter-event Recurrence Intervals (IRIs) in Central India and Adjoining Regions using Weibull Probability Distribution Model – A Zone-Wise Approach
Authors: Joshi Ranjeet , Bhadauria Sudhir S. , Kushwah Suresh S.
Published: February 2021

This study analyzes and model zone-wise earthquakes inter-event recurrence interval (IRIs) using a stochastic Weibull probabilistic distribution model. The study region between 19–28◦N and 72–84◦E up to 200 km peripheral boundaries of Central India (Madhya Pradesh) is divided into four zones (Zone South, West, North, and East), respectively, based on different clusters of earthquakes with shared seismo-tectonic regimes. Seismic events’ catalog from different national and international resources for a period of more than 100 years are considered in this study. The seismic data is grouped into two categories based on a different range of earthquake magnitudes (3≤Mw< 4 & 4 ≤ Mw≤ 6). Zone-wise results are produced in the form of hazard curves and conditional probabilities of occurrence for a range of elapsed time from 3 to 30 years from last recorded earthquakes in various zones.
О ПОЧЕЦИМА ТРАНСПОРТА И ТРГОВИНЕ ЖИТОМ НА САВИ И КУПИ: ТРАСА ЗЕМУН–СИСАК–КАРЛОВАЦ У ДРУГОЈ ПОЛОВИНИ 18. ВЕКА
Authors: Илић Мандић Јелена
Published: February 2021

У раду су представљени подаци о транзиту и трговини житом на рекама Сави и Купи у другој половини 18. века. Анализирани су неки од аспеката транзита и трговине на релацији Земун–Сисак–Карловац, попут улоге државе у трговини ,,према мору“, почетака извоза житарица из угарског залеђа и Баната, услова пловидбе на Сави и Купи, као и неких особености лиферантских и трговачких послова (уговори, цене, трошкови и добит). Рад је претежно утемељен на архивској грађи фонда Земунског магистрата похрањеној у Историјском архиву Београда, као и на објављеним изворима и литератури. Указано је на то да се о интензивном развоју транзита и трговине житом на савско-покупском путу може говорити после 1780. године.
‘DOMESTIC FOREIGNERS’: THE PROCESSES OF ACCULTURATION AND ENCULTURATION IN SERBIA IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19th CENTURY
Authors: Миљковић Катић Бојана , П. Ристић Љубодраг
Published: February 2021

The paper analyzes the processes of acculturation and enculturation in the Principality of Serbia through the prism of the appearance of so-called domestic foreigners – individuals and groups that in legal terms should have been seen as the domestic population but were treated as foreigners in local communities. Although they were native to the same state (Jews, Muslims and Christians, settlers from the Ottoman Empire, resettled Serbs and members of other nations in the Habsburg Empire who had taken the citizenship of the Principality of Serbia), large parts of the local population were not accepted as parts of the community and were instead treated as foreigners. The reason could be their different patterns of life and work; religious differences; or their membership in a guild. Only those who had learned their trade or were members of the local guild were fully integrated and considered domicile, regardless of their nationality. Some newcomers were not willing to adopt the cultural patterns of the new milieu, particularly Muslims/Turks, Jews and Gypsies, as well as well-educated Serbian newcomers and natives educated in the West. The intensity of enculturаtion processes among Serbs and other Christians dropped in the second half of the 19th century, due to the integration of the society through the rise of the national concept.
Traditional and modern employee benefits in Myanmar’s manufacturing sector
Authors: Hansen Henrik , Rand John , Trifković Neda
Published: February 2021

Employer-provided benefits are independent elements in the compensation packages that make up firms’ payment strategies. Such benefits are aimed at attracting and retaining preferred employees and improving incentives. In Myanmar, there are two employee benefit systems: (1) an unregulated traditional system in which firms offer their employees in-kind benefits such as meals and accommodation; and (2) a modern mandatory system in which firms are required by law to offer payment schemes such as payment-while-absent and compensation for accidents. Using a survey of matched employers and employees in the manufacturing sector in Myanmar, we identify firms and workers that supply and demand the two types of employee benefits. We show that traditional benefits are widely supplied and demanded, while modern benefits are supplied by fewer firms and provided to fewer workers. We analyse the relative importance of a range of observable firm and worker attributes that may be associated with the supply and demand for the benefits. We find that firms that provide accommodation appear to attract young, unmarried, uneducated workers who are often migrants, and who, on average, receive lower wages compared to similar workers who do not receive equal in-kind payments. Large firms are more likely to offer the modern benefits and highly educated workers are more likely to demand them. Moreover, workers who receive modern benefits tend to stay longer with the firm and the benefit appears not to have an adverse impact on their wage level. Our findings indicate that both types of benefits contribute to sorting in the labour market. Therefore, both must be considered when labour laws are amended. Moreover, if increased minimum wages are accompanied by reduced provision of traditional in-kind benefits to low-wage workers, then there is a real risk that inequality in consumption will increase even though wage inequality decreases.
Individual prediction of the reliability of high power transistors for electronic devices of medical purposes
Authors: Borovikov S. M. , Kaziuchyts V. O.
Published: February 2021

When assembling electronic complexes for medical purposes, it is important to install highly reliable semiconductor devices in electronic equipment. Experimental studies and the example of high-power bipolar transistors in this work show how you can select copies of an increased level of reliability for their subsequent installation in critical electronic devices. To select highly reliable samples, individual forecasting was used according to informative parameters measured for a particular sample at the initial moment in time. Experimental studies (training experiment) included measuring at the initial moment of time for each sample of transistors of electrical parameters, which may contain information on reliability, and then conducting accelerated tests of transistors for reliability for a time corresponding to normal operating conditions specified in the technical documentation. The training experiment is performed once and used to obtain a predictive rule, which is applied to other similar samples that did not participate in the training experiment. To obtain a predictive rule, the method of majority logic was used. Prediction is performed in the form of assigning a specific sample to the class of highly reliable samples for a given future operating time. To perform prediction, the values of the informative parameters are measured at the initial moment of time for a particular sample of interest, they are converted into binary numbers (zero or one) using the threshold values found from the results of the training experiment, and the decision on the correspondence of the sample to the class of highly reliable transistors is made by a set of binary numbers. To classify a sample as a highly reliable one, it is sufficient that the number of ones exceeds the number of zeros in the resulting set of binary numbers.
INFLUENCE OF NATURAL AGRONOMICAL ORE AND GROWTH STIMULANT ON THE QUALITY OF POTATO TUBERS
Authors:   Agriculture Laboratory, Research Institute of Mountain and Piedmont Agriculture, Vladikavkaz Scientific Centre of RAS, Tedeeva A.A. , Mamiev D.M. ,   Agriculture Laboratory, Research Institute of Mountain and Piedmont Agriculture, Vladikavkaz Scientific Centre of RAS, Abaev A.A. ,   Agriculture Laboratory, Research Institute of Mountain and Piedmont Agriculture, Vladikavkaz Scientific Centre of RAS, Tedeeva V.V. ,   Agriculture Laboratory, Research Institute of Mountain and Piedmont Agriculture, Vladikavkaz Scientific Centre of RAS
Published: February 2021

Basing on many years of research in the mountains, the beneficial effect of zeolite-containing clays (leskenite, alanite) and para-aminobenzoic acid on the improvement of the quality of potato tubers in the mountains of the North Ossetia-Alania has been proved. The purpose of the work is to determine the influence of the above factors on the accumulation of starch and dry matter in tubers of potato varieties (Udacha, Vladikavkazcky, Predgorny, Romano). The novelty is that the beneficial effect of natural agro-ore and para-aminobenzoic acid on the accumulation of starch and dry matter in tubers of different varieties of potatoes has been proved for the first time on mountain meadow soils of the mountain zone. The high efficiency of applying agro ore to the soil has been established, leading to a stable increase in the high-quality potato crop. The counts and observations were carried out according to generally accepted methods described in the “Educational and methodological guide to research in agronomy”. As a result of the use of zeolite-containing clays (leskenite, alanite) and para-aminobenzoic acid, studies on the productivity and marketability of tubers made it possible to conclude that leskenite and alanite, which contain a complex of elements necessary for the development of potato plants, in combination with manure, had an effective effect on the formation of marketability different varieties of potatoes. The use of pure agro-ore and their mixtures with PABA also contributed to the effective impact on the formation of marketability. The application of a planting scheme of 70 × 25 cm for varieties Udacha and Romano in combination with natural agricultural products, manure, growth stimulant (PABA) is optimal for cultivation for seed purposes.