bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation analysis of the evolution law of creep rupture crack extension in X-fractured rock body
Authors: Zhao Na , Wei Shuai , Wang Laigui , Sun Jingyi
Published: June 2024

Creep is the macroscopic manifestation of the process of generation, expansion, and penetration of microscopic cracks in a rock body. In this study, the GDEM continuous–discontinuous numerical simulation software was used to model a rock body containing X-fractured for the purposes of exploring creep crack expansion and rupture in the rock body, analyzing the effects of various factors on X-fractured the rock body under the rule of change of the creep curve, and assessing the influences of the intersection angle of the fracture and other factors on the non-parallel fractured rock body on the creep rupture process. The results show that an X-fractured rock body exhibits a mixed tensile–shear damage mode, with tensile damage being the main type of damage. In the isotropic creep stage of a rock body with X-fractured , the steady-state creep rate initially increases and then decreases as the sub- fracture length increases, with the change of the fracture angle of the creep rate of the w-type; the sub-fracture length of h is 14 mm, the rock body is the first to enter into the accelerated creep stage, for the different fracture intersection angle of the rock body For the rock mass with different fracture angles, the time sequence of entering the accelerated creep stage is consistent with the creep rate; when the fracture intersection angle is 45°, and the sub-fracture length is 12 mm, the rock mass has the largest degree of fragmentation, which has a significant impact on the creep damage; after using a single variable processing, it is found that the fracture intersection angle, the sub-fracture length and other factors compared to the fracture intersection angle has a greater impact on the creep damage of the X-fractured rock body. This paper can provide theoretical basis and reference for the study of rock engineering creep damage law and mechanical properties of X-fractured rock body.
Novel Alzheimer's disease subtypes based on functional brain connectivity in human connectome project
Authors: Sheng Jinhua , Xin Yu , Zhang Qiao , Yang Ze , Wang Luyun , Zhang Qian , Wang Binbing
Published: June 2024

The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unclear, but revealing individual differences in functional connectivity (FC) may provide insights and improve diagnostic precision. A hierarchical clustering-based autoencoder with functional connectivity was proposed to categorize 82 AD patients from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Compared to directly performing clustering, using an autoencoder to reduce the dimensionality of the matrix can effectively eliminate noise and redundant information in the data, extract key features, and optimize clustering performance. Subsequently, subtype differences in clinical and graph theoretical metrics were assessed. Results indicate a significant inter-subject heterogeneity in the degree of FC disruption among AD patients. We have identified two neurophysiological subtypes: subtype I exhibits widespread functional impairment across the entire brain, while subtype II shows mild impairment in the Limbic System region. What is worth noting is that we also observed significant differences between subtypes in terms of neurocognitive assessment scores associations with network functionality, and graph theory metrics. Our method can accurately identify different functional disruptions in subtypes of AD, facilitating personalized treatment and early diagnosis, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
Carica papaya L. sex chromosome review and physical mapping of the serk 2, svp-like and mdar 4 sequences
Authors: Dornela Adeilson Frias , Soares Fernanda Aparecida Ferrari , Silva Jéssica Coutinho , Sattler Mariana Cansian , Clarindo Wellington Ronildo
Published: June 2024

Physical mapping evidences the chromosome organization and structure. Despite the data about plant cytogenomics, physical mapping has been conducted from single-copy and/or low-copy genes for few species. Carica papaya cytogenomics has been accomplished from BAC-FISH and repeatome sequences. We aimed to map the serk 2, svp-like and mdar 4 sequences in C. papaya. The sequences were amplified and the amplicons sequenced, showing similarity in relation to serk 2, svp-like and mdar 4 genes. Carica papaya diploidy was confirmed and the mitotic chromosomes characterized. The chromosome 1 exhibited the secondary constriction pericentromeric to the centromere of the long arm. So, we concluded that it is the sex chromosomes. serk 2 was mapped in the long arm interstitial portion of the sex chromosomes, and the interphase nuclei showed two fluorescence signals. Considering these results and the sequencing data from the C. papaya sex chromosomes, svp-like and mdar 4 genes were mapped in the interstitial region of the sex chromosome long arm. Both sequences showed only one fluorescence signal in the interphase nuclei. The procedure adopted here can be reproduced for other single-copy and/or low-copy genes, allowing the construction of cytogenetic maps. In addition, we revisited the cytogenomics data about C. papaya sex chromosomes, presenting a revised point of view about the structure and evolution to these chromosomes.
Effect of concurrent action observation, peripheral nerve stimulation and motor imagery on dexterity in patients after stroke: a pilot study
Authors: Seitz Sarina , Schuster-Amft Corina , Wandel Jasmin , Bonati Leo H. , Parmar Katrin , Gerth Hans Ulrich , Behrendt Frank
Published: June 2024

Research to improve and expand treatment options for motor impairment after stroke remains an important issue in rehabilitation as the reduced ability to move affected limbs is still a limiting factor in the selection of training content for stroke patients. The combination of action observation and peripheral nerve stimulation is a promising method for inducing increased excitability and plasticity in the primary motor cortex of healthy subjects. In addition, as reported in the literature, the use of action observation and motor imagery in conjunction has an advantage over the use of one or the other alone in terms of the activation of motor-related brain regions. The aim of the pilot study was thus to combine these findings into a multimodal approach and to evaluate the potential impact of the concurrent application of the three methods on dexterity in stroke patients. The paradigm developed accordingly was tested with 10 subacute patients, in whom hand dexterity, thumb-index pinch force and thumb tapping speed were measured for a baseline assessment and directly before and after the single intervention. During the 10-min session, patients were instructed to watch a repetitive thumb-index finger tapping movement displayed on a monitor and to imagine the sensations that would arise from physically performing the same motion. They were also repeatedly electrically stimulated at the wrist on the motorically more affected body side and asked to place their hand behind the monitor for the duration of the session to support integration of the displayed hand into their own body schema. The data provide a first indication of a possible immediate effect of a single application of this procedure on the dexterity in patients after stroke.
Changes in bone turnover markers 6–12 months after bariatric surgery
Authors: Farup Per G.
Published: June 2024

A rise in bone turnover markers (BTM) after bariatric surgery predicts poor bone health years later. This study explored factors associated with BTM and changes in BTM after bariatric surgery. Inclusion criteria were subjects 18 to 65 years of age with morbid obesity undergoing bariatric surgery. All data were measured before and 6 and 12 months after surgery. The study included 104 subjects: women/men: 83/21; mean age 43.1 (SD 8.4) years; BMI: 38.8 kg/m2 (SD 3.8). Surgery with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) was performed in 84 (81%) and 20 (19%) subjects, respectively. From before to 6–12 months after surgery, procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptid (P1NP) increased by 45.6 µg/L (95% CI 41.5–50.0, p < 0.001), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) by 10 U/L (95% CI 7–14, p < 0.001). The increases were significantly larger after RYGB than after SG. The APOE- Ɛ3 allele was associated with low levels of BTM and high levels of leptin. There was an unfavourable increase in BTM after bariatric surgery. SG compared to RYGB and the presence of the APOE-Ɛ3 allele were associated with less unfavourable effects. The study emphasises the importance of optimal prophylactic interventions after bariatric surgery to prevent osteoporosis.
Sustainable production: Leveraging energy-efficient data exchange protocols
Authors: Yumalin Timur , Salikhov Renat , Salikhov Timur
Published: June 2024

With the increasing focus on sustainability and environmental conservation, the application of Information Technology (IT) in ecology and natural resource management has become paramount. This article explores the utilization of wireless monitoring systems for sustainable production, emphasizing the importance of energy-efficient data exchange protocols. The comparison of popular energy-efficient protocols such as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), LoRaWAN is a focal point. The role of these protocols in optimizing data transmission while minimizing energy consumption is examined, alongside their efficacy in diverse environmental and production monitoring scenarios. Additionally, the article delves into the deployment of various sensors for monitoring production processes and environmental parameters. By analyzing real-world applications and advancements, this article aims to provide insights into the evolving landscape of wireless monitoring technology and its potential contributions to eco-friendly production practices and natural resource management.
Enhancing Energy sector efficiency: A study on supercomputer performance in optimizing energy systems
Authors: Lavrentiev Mikhail , Snytnikov Alexey
Published: June 2024

The paper discusses the question of how to evaluate actual performance of a supercomputer system, which is expected on solution to real scientific or engineering problem. In practice this actual performance is rather far from the rather well-known peak performance. In particular, the paper contains a review of the computational problems most commonly solved on petaflops supercomputers as well as the corresponding methods designed for exaflops supercomputers. A proposed technique for measuring the characteristics of the supercomputer using a Particle-In-Cell (PIC) code is described. The choice of this particular numerical method is based on its features, namely that PIC method involves a wide variety of numerical techniques, and thus it is very hard to optimize. The analysis of scalability, parallel efficiency and acceleration rate, which is possible at a particular supercomputer is presented, as well as the analysis of the performance of multi-architecture supercomputer nodes. The integrated criteria to evaluate the real performance of supercomputer system is proposed.
An integrated review and analysis of urban building seismic disaster management based on BIM-GIS
Authors: Meng Tianxin , Xiao Shuoting , Cao Yizhi , Maltseva Irina , Zeng Lingjian
Published: June 2024

Given the increased frequency and destructive nature of seismic events, the exigencies for enhanced management protocols for urban edifices in the milieu of seismic disaster scenarios have intensified. The role of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in the governance of seismic-induced disasters is integral and merits recognition. The synergistic application of BIM and GIS technologies empowers the strategic articulation of measures that substantially abate the potential hazards associated with seismic events. The present manuscript conducts a comprehensive review of the applications of BIM-GIS synergy in the domains of seismic disaster prevention, emergency response, and in the evaluative and recovery phases following such calamities. It also examines the associated data paradigms and advancements in data interoperability techniques while addressing the prevailing limitations within the scope of contemporary research. This study endeavors to enhance the acumen of urban disaster management operatives in discerning and capitalizing on the collective strengths of BIM and GIS, with the aim of optimizing urban strategies for managing seismic disasters and diminishing the resultant losses sustained by the populace.
Organizational model of the digital agribusiness ecosystem
Authors: Korobeynikov Dmitry , Korabelnikov Ivan , Telekabel Victoria
Published: June 2024

The article proposes an organizational model of a platform ecosystem that forms a universal digital infrastructure in the agro-industrial complex and unites government institutions, markets and agribusiness in a single information system. Within the framework of the methodology of system economic theory, the content of the model is structured in terms of four components - organizational, infrastructural, communication, logistics and innovation, which form independent (object, environmental, process and project) subsystems. The main differences between the infrastructure industry ecosystem model and existing practices are highlighted. In organizational terms, they will be associated with a hybrid architecture of the ecosystem, where the role of the central actor and owner of the platform will be assumed by the state, which will ensure equidistance from the participants and eliminate the asymmetry of their position. The differences in the business model of the designed ecosystem are associated with the industry principle of clustering of actors (around industry value chains), the universality and complexity of the proposal, and the addition of the value proposition of ecosystem participants with complementary measures of government support.
Prospects for the development of the agro-industrial complex in the arctic territories: Domestic and foreign experience
Authors: Belousov Sergey , Makhonko Nikolay , Kuznetsova Irina , Kolodub Grigory , Tarasova Elena
Published: June 2024

Currently, the political, military and economic interests in the territories belonging to the Arctic zone are at the peak of the interests of many states. For individual countries adjacent to the Arctic and being members of the Arctic Five or located partially in the Arctic territories (Finland), these Arctic territories are the dominant triggers of domestic and foreign policy. As for the Russian Federation, we can say that the basis of its economy in the Arctic territories is a certain diversity. Among the segments of the economy, the leading place is occupied by the agroindustrial complex as the basis of the state’s social policy in these inaccessible remote territories. The range of interests of legal experts and agrarians includes the study and analysis of sectoral features of agriculture in the Arctic lands. Since the development of agriculture in the Arctic is impossible without substantial state support, the authors of this work attempt to identify the main vectors of dynamic development of the Arctic agroindustrial complex in conjunction with regional policy in order to meet the needs of the resident population for socially significant food products.
Improving digital services and algorithms for planning subsidies in the agricultural sector
Authors: Samygin Denis , Tuskov Andrey , Grosheva Ekaterina , Saparova Botagoz , Saparova Altynai
Published: June 2024

The paper addresses the issue of developing methodological support for digital platforms and services in the field of strategic planning for the resource provision of the agricultural economy. It is shown that the methodological apparatus embedded in software complexes makes it difficult to justify the required amount of financial resources for expanded (simple) reproduction and does not make it possible to identify the amount of budget funds for the effective functioning of agriculture. The authors have developed a methodology for planning subsidies to support agriculture, the essence of which lies in calculating, in the first stage, the level of financial results that create conditions for the expand-ed reproduction of agricultural resources. In the second stage, the calculation considers the volume of proprietary and budgetary funds, considering their effective utilization, to achieve the required level of financial results. The calculation scheme based on this methodology became the fundamental basis of the algorithm embedded in the development of a software module for determining support to agricultural product manufacturers. The application development was carried out using modern methods of functional modelling and applied programming. The functionality of the software is designed for inputting initial data and outputting results based on the principle of balanced reconciliation of indicators such as activity profitability, producers’ in-come, workers’ wages, and subsidy volume. The research results are aimed at improving the decision support system for strategic subsidization of agriculture and developing recommendations for management bodies to integrate it as a software block into the digital services information system of the APC being developed by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation.
Ensuring the safety of animals and agricultural products by increasing the stability of the tractor semi-trailer
Authors: Fomin Aleksandr , Apatenko Aleksey , Sevryugina Nadezhda
Published: June 2024

The article considers the stability of transportation and technological machines considering design features and operating conditions. The study highlights the importance of establishing scientifically based requirements for parameters and application of design solutions, which ensure comfortable conditions for transporting animal and vegetable cargoes of the agro-industrial complex. The authors present a mathematical model for assessing the stability of a multilink machine with the allocation of inertia forces as key parameters. The authors propose to use the calculated model when studying the stability of technological machines in the process of transportation of animal and vegetable cargoes of agro-industrial complex in semi-trailers and assessing the critical ratio of the angle of rotation, and speed of inertial forces. This is necessary to exclude abnormal situations, such as the folding of the semi-trailer and overturning of the machine. The authors propose reducing the width of the overall corridor during curvilinear movement by controlling the parameters of the steering angle of the steering wheels of the semi-trailer, depending on the folding angle, and reducing the sliding of the semi-trailer wheels. A crucial element in the design is the inclusion of a parallelogram-type setting mechanism fixed on the fifth wheel. The proposed control system for turning the multilink machine has a simplified design, turns the steerable wheels of the semi-trailer depending on the folding angle, and increases the characteristics of maneuverability, passability, and stability of movement with steerable wheels of the semi-trailer. Development of the design solution involves the inclusion of a digital control unit with an adaptive change module considering the type of transported cargo, such as animals, as objects forming the effect of the floating value of the center of mass and vector of inertial forces.
Global climate change and its negative consequences
Authors: Khayrulla Jurakulov , Azamat Fozilov , Dilbar Jurakulova , Erkin Khojiyev , Javxar Sattarov
Published: June 2024

In the emergence of global problems of nature and man, these problems have natural anthropogenic roots; the presence of periodic changes in climatic processes; the atmosphere is the shell surrounding planet Earth., natural factors that shape the climate, astronomical, geographic, circulation factors, the increasing influence of anthropogenic activities on the chemical and physical composition of the atmosphere; ;rapid development of natural resources, rising sea levels and water pollution, rapid growth of natural and industrial disasters, increasing anthropogenic impact on the atmosphere; population of the globe, countries, cooperation of international organizations; wind, water, solar energy, renewable energy sources; methods and technologies that reduce methane emissions; technological and transport accidents; Fire safety; continued promotion of climate change; our planet is our common home; improving the technology for rational waste disposal in manufacturing sectors; search for the geographical basis for changes in the indicators and consequences of climate warming within regions and its elimination; promoting issues in this topic.
Statistical analysis of the impact of economic activity on the environment and the population in the regions of the Russian Federation
Authors: Borisova Lyudmila , Sedykh Irina , Khripunova Marina
Published: June 2024

Rosstat data on the dynamics of major socially significant diseases have been studied. The relationship between such diseases has been investigated. The influence of the main socially significant diseases and the main indicators of socio-economic development of the regions of the Russian Federation on the number of abortions has been studied. The most informative signs related to socially significant diseases and socio-economic development in all countries of the world have been selected. The influence of these signs on infant mortality has been studied. Machine learning methods collected in the Data Master Azforus (DMA) program were applied. The conducted research has demonstrated the effectiveness of using machine learning methods to identify patterns linking the frequency of socially significant diseases and indicators of socio-economic development.
Islamic economic principles and their contributions to ecological sustainability and green economy development
Authors: Shovkhalov Shamil
Published: June 2024

This article explores the impact of the Islamic economic paradigm on the development of a green economy. The analysis examines in detail the key principles of Islamic economics, including, but not limited to, care for the environment, sustainable use of resources, ensuring social justice and harmonious responsibility to society. Particular attention is paid to identifying how these principles contribute to the formation of an environmentally sustainable economic system, taking into account social responsibility. The study also covers analysis of the practical implementation of Islamic economic principles in various areas of environmental management, sustainable development and environmental protection. The article concludes with a conclusion about the potential of the Islamic economic model as a factor in the development of a green economy and the need to integrate its fundamental principles into modern sustainable development strategies.
Architectural approaches to the formation of ecological culture among the populationу
Authors: Alatortseva Ekaterina , Pavlyuk Alena , Shirokova Olga
Published: June 2024

Today, ecology has become one of the priorities of domestic and international politics. The article analyzes the state of the modern environment, and also puts forward proposals for the use of various approaches when designing housing in order to increase the level of awareness of the population on the topic of environmental problems. Collecting recyclable materials, recycling waste, and sharing consumption occurs more efficiently if appropriate locations and approaches are provided at the design stage. Responsibility for the state of the environment lies not only with the state and corporations, but also with citizens, therefore the development of environmental habits through an integrated approach of designers, and not through the willpower of an individual, should become a priority.
Remote camera monitoring and arboreal trapping methods used to evaluate the outcomes of a reintroduction of red-tailed phascogales (Phascogale calura) in Western Australia
Authors: Anderson Georgina E. , Volck Georgia , Dickins Phoebe , Bourne Amanda R.
Published: June 2024

Effective monitoring methods are required to evaluate the success of wildlife reintroduction programs. To improve the threat status of the Vulnerable red-tailed phascogale (Phascogale calura), the Australian Wildlife Conservancy reintroduced the species to a fenced reserve at Mt Gibson Wildlife Sanctuary. After trialling a variety of post-release monitoring methods, remote camera monitoring and arboreal trapping with an extensive period of pre-luring provided the most information with which to evaluate the success of the reintroduction. To date, reintroduced red-tailed phascogales have increased in both occupancy and population size following releases which began at Mt Gibson in 2017. Other managers of red-tailed phascogale populations may find the described methods useful, particularly in the context of multi-species reintroductions where trap saturation can reduce capture rates of smaller species, such as phascogales.
The limitations of testicular organoids: are they truly as promising as we believe?
Authors: Mecca R. , Tang S. , Jones C. , Coward K.
Published: June 2024

Organoid systems have revolutionised various facets of biological research by offering a three-dimensional (3D), physiologically relevant in vitro model to study complex organ systems. Over recent years, testicular organoids have been publicised as promising platforms for reproductive studies, disease modelling, drug screening, and fertility preservation. However, the full potential of these systems has yet to be realised due to inherent limitations. This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of the current challenges associated with testicular organoid models. Firstly, we address the inability of current organoid systems to fully replicate the intricate spatial organisation and cellular diversity of the in vivo testis. Secondly, we scrutinise the fidelity of germ cell maturation within the organoids, highlighting incomplete spermatogenesis and epigenetic inconsistencies. Thirdly, we consider the technical challenges faced during organoid culture, including nutrient diffusion limits, lack of vasculature, and the need for specialised growth factors. Finally, we discuss the ethical considerations surrounding the use of organoids for human reproduction research. Addressing these limitations in combination with integrating complementary approaches, will be essential if we are to advance our understanding of testicular biology and develop novel strategies for addressing reproductive health issues in males.
Insuring woylies (Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi) against extinction: establishment of Perup Sanctuary
Authors: Harrison Natasha D. , Thorn Sian M. , Maxwell Marika A. , Ward Colin G. , Wayne Julia C. , Wayne Adrian F.
Published: June 2024

Context Predator free havens are increasingly relied upon to preserve populations of imperilled species, yet despite their substantial cost, the success of these ventures is rarely critically evaluated. Aims Based on 12 years of population monitoring data, we report on the translocation of woylies (Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi) to Perup Sanctuary, a 423 ha predator-free haven in the south west of Western Australia. Methods We built spatially explicit capture–recapture models to estimate population density, population growth rates, and survivorship of woylies inside the sanctuary. Using these estimates, and additional demographic information, we aimed to show key drivers of population density, evaluate the establishment of the sanctuary population against predetermined translocation success criteria, and run simulations of different sampling designs to determine a robust sampling design for future monitoring of this population. Key results The population rapidly increased in the first 3 years (2010–2013), and then fluctuated around a density of ~0.9 woylies ha−1 before declining slightly in recent years to ~0.6 woylies ha−1. All translocation success criteria evaluated were met. The previous 3 months’ rainfall was a key driver of population density and body weight declined over time, indicating that the population may be regulated by food resources. Conclusions Woylies have established and persisted in Perup Sanctuary, and against the criteria, the translocation of woylies into Perup sanctuary is a success. Harvests from this population appear to have been sustainable. We discuss these findings in the context of the Perup Sanctuary, and recommend ongoing monitoring continue to ensure that the population remains viable and well managed. Implications We describe important considerations for the supplementation and harvest of fenced populations, including: the source of animals (selecting free-living individuals over captive ones); the timing of release (releasing more individuals early on may improve establishment probabilities); and rates of harvest (<30% of adults harvested per generation seemeded to be sustainable for woylies in this case). The results from this study can inform the ongoing management of this and other havened populations, to ensure they continue to benefit mammal conservation.
Gate-tunable subband degeneracy in semiconductor nanowires
Authors: Wang Yuhao , Song Wenyu , Cao Zhan , Yu Zehao , Yang Shuai , Li Zonglin , Gao Yichun , Li Ruidong , Chen Fangting , Geng Zuhan , Yang Lining , Xu Jiaye , Wang Zhaoyu , Zhang Shan , Feng Xiao , Wang Tiantian , Zang Yunyi , Li Lin , Shang Runan , Xue Qi-Kun , Liu Dong E. , He Ke , Zhang Hao
Published: June 2024

Degeneracy and symmetry have a profound relation in quantum systems. Here, we report gate-tunable subband degeneracy in PbTe nanowires with a nearly symmetric cross-sectional shape. The degeneracy is revealed in electron transport by the absence of a quantized plateau. Utilizing a dual gate design, we can apply an electric field to lift the degeneracy, reflected as emergence of the plateau. This degeneracy and its tunable lifting were challenging to observe in previous nanowire experiments, possibly due to disorder. Numerical simulations can qualitatively capture our observation, shedding light on device parameters for future applications.
380 Creating seamless clean breathing spaces for workers and communities: Impractical dream or a feasible reality?
Authors: Balakrishnan Kalpana
Published: June 2024

Clean breathing spaces are a critical requirement for protection of worker and community health. While workplaces in formal sectors of developed countries are often well regulated, majority of workforce in low and middle income countries (LMICs) is exposed to unhealthy concentrations of particulates, gases and fumes.

Nearly 0.5 million deaths and 11.8 million Disability adjusted life years (DALYs) were attributable to occupational air pollution in 2019, with South Asia experiencing some of the highest burdens. Further, with ninety-five percent of the world’s population lives in areas where the ambient concentrations exceed World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines, for healthy air, ambient pollution was responsible for over 4 million deaths and 118 million DALYs in 2019. This makes it imperative that air pollution is addressed seamlessly across multiple micro-environments that workers and communities spend their productive years. This places air pollution near or at the top of the list of all known risk factors for ill health globally and especially in LMICs, exceeding risks from high blood pressure, tobacco smoking, child and maternal malnutrition. With competing risk factors and limited resources, the dual burden from occupational and ambient air pollution poses an enormous challenge for air quality management.

The talk will provide an overview of the air pollution exposure and health risk situation with a focus on developing country workers and communities and the special challenges faced by LMICs in prioritizing air quality actions to create “seamless breathing spaces” across occupational and community environments.
1 Implementation of low-cost sensors in open-cut mining: qualitative assessment of workplace exposure to improve emissions management and reduce risk
Authors: Ilic Dusan , Lavrinec Aleksej
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Air quality and workplace exposure are both important considerations in open-cut mining. Regulation typically involves a few expensive reference monitors located at the boundary, assessing hourly and daily concentrations while workplace exposure is assessed once or twice a year. Controlling associated environmental and health risks is typically instigated by subjective operator judgement. Low-cost, portable sensors can supplement these methods to increase both spatial and temporal resolution at a fraction of the cost.

Methodology

Bespoke low-cost autonomous units were built. The units are solar powered with battery backup and can be deployed in minutes. Each unit samples, averages and sends data to a gateway with the data visualised on an online dashboard. More than a dozen sensors were deployed, and particulate matter data collected from different areas of the mine, over a period of four months.

Results

Easy installation and quick sampling rate enabled assessment of instantaneous dust generation, in close vicinity to mining activity. Different areas showed periods of similar but also varying particulate matter concentrations, in some instances more than four times difference when averaged over two weeks and more than ten times when considering short-term, five-minute data.

Conclusions

A real-time system to supplement existing boundary and personal particulate matter monitors is demonstrated to work. The network of sensors can lead to more data-driven decision making with minimised subjectivity and can be integrated into a dust management and action plan that can reduce operational downtime due to regulatory exceedance and occupational risk.
7 Case study: an approach to developing a government guideline
Authors: Wilde Suzanne
Published: June 2024

The focus of this presentation is an approach to developing a government-sanctioned guideline related to a high-risk health and safety hazard. A recent case study will be reviewed which involved a multi-step approach to developing a government resource/ publication. The example resource discussed during this presentation was developed to assist agencies and professionals needing to manage risks related to property or materials contaminated with deadly opioid-containing drugs.

The multi-step approach will be discussed in detail including project planning, research, identification and involvement of stakeholders, consultation with subject matter experts, development of the documentation, communication planning, and its legal review prior to publishing. Key lessons learned will also be discussed.

The information provided will allow the participant to apply the concepts discussed when involved in the development and implementation of similar guidelines or publications related to any health and safety hazard.
17 Why High Consequence Infectious Disease responses need an industrial hygienist, and preparing the industrial hygienist to respond
Authors: Gibbs Shawn
Published: June 2024

This presentation will provide background on the High Consequence Infectious Disease (HCID) that have elicited domestic response over the last five years (e.g. MERS-CoV, Nipah virus, Ebola, Lassa Fever) and our industrial hygiene research in the area including but not limited to: current U.S. levels of preparedness to address HCID and domestic infrastructure, considerations for selection of decontamination products and procedures at the Nebraska Biocontainment after the treatment of 3 evacuated Ebola-confirmed patients, air and ground transport considerations to prevent occupational exposure, Category A waste handling, laboratory considerations, and risk communication. We will also discuss the invaluable role industrial or occupational hygienists can have in this area, and close with Questions & Answers.
27 Introduction to the American Industrial Hygiene Association Emerging Economies Microgrants Program
Authors: Fuller Thomas
Published: June 2024

The American Industrial Hygiene Association Emerging Economies Microgrants Program was created in 2018 as a means to provide a fair, structured, transparent, and consistent mechanism for funding education and research projects that promote occupational hygiene in economically developing nations. The vision of the AG is to expand occupational hygiene awareness and capacity globally to reduce the risk of injury, illness, and fatality to workers in nations with the fewest resources. Over the past six years AIHA and corporate sponsors such as Amazon have funded nearly $200,000 USD for training, development, and research projects. This session will provide attendees with an introduction to the program and describe the microgrant proposal submission process and selection criteria. The session will present some of the remarkable projects that have been awarded and completed around the world over the past several years. Answers to frequently asked questions will be provided in addition to questions provided by the audience.
72 Characteristic and antibiotic resistance of bioaerosols between ambient atmosphere and outdoor night market
Authors: Ya-Hsuan Teng , You-Zhong Huang , Chane-Yu Lai
Published: June 2024

The bacterial size, biodiversity, human-associated bacteria (HAB) and antibiotic-resistance of bioaerosols were evaluated and compare at ambient atmosphere and outdoor night market in summer in Taiwan. The air condition in night market is usually very hot and humid in summer night and the night markets are always very crowded. A six-stage viable Andersen cascade impactor was used to collect bioaerosols and to determine their size distributions in both ambient atmosphere and outdoor night market. The sampling time was 10 minutes and the bioaerosol sampling in night market was following the walking tourists.

The results showed the average number concentration of bacteria and fungus in the night market was 198 and 267 CFU/m3, respectively. The geometric standard deviation (GSD)and geometric mean diameter (GMD) of bacteria was in the range of 1.86~2.19 and 3.18~5.7 µm, respectively. Moreover, the GSD and GMD of fungus was around 1.83~1.97 and 1.92~4.16 µm, correspondingly. The statistics results revealed that the number of tourists positively affected the concentration of bioaerosol; and the temperature and relative humidity at the time of sampling also associated to the increasing concentration of bioaerosol. The bacterial species identification revealed most of the sampled airborne bacteria were Gram-positive bacteria. Staphylococcus spp. was detected in all sampling size distributions in most of the sampling rounds and their sizes varied widely from 0.65 to >7.0 µm. In the study, the rate of bacteria antibiotic resistance and multidrug resistance in night markets with a larger number of tourists are higher than those in the ambient atmosphere.
74 Leveraging on exposure profiles for efficient exposure monitoring outcome
Authors: Mehta Maharshi
Published: June 2024

Occupational hygiene service providers and companies worldwide have been collecting thousands of exposure monitoring samples and not leveraging the lessons learned from exposure monitoring results. The exposure monitoring results are often not representative of actual exposures. Precious resources are wasted in collecting exposure monitoring samples when not needed based on, for example, previous exposure monitoring results and chemical properties. For example, inhalation of phosphoric acid exposure is rarely a concern as phosphoric acid vapor pressure is low (0.03 mmHg (20 °C). Exposure monitoring is also unnecessary when a unit operation’s statistically analyzed exposure monitoring results confirm exposures above the exposure limits unless required by local regulation. For example, the exposure monitoring results indicate that hexavalent chromium exposure will likely exceed its exposure limit when stainless steel welding is done without an efficient Local Exhaust Ventilation. Then why not implement exposure controls rather than waiting for hexavalent chromium exposure monitoring results from stainless steel welding?

5000+ exposure monitoring results of pharmaceutical and general industry unit operations were statistically analyzed, and exposure profiles were developed. The pharmaceutical unit operations consisted of weighing, dispensing, and charging. General industry unit operations included welding (metal profile and Manganese exposures), soldering, acids handling, and spray painting (isocyanates). The statistically analyzed sampling results identified the unit operations where exposure monitoring is not needed either because the results were significantly below or above the exposure limits. Occupational hygiene communities could leverage the exposure profiles and focus on reducing exposure monitoring and implementing exposure controls. A consortium of occupational hygienists could enhance and share exposure profiles.
75 Integrated risk management through real-time monitoring of dust exposure and proximity sensing in large-scale civil construction sites and mining operations
Authors: Todorovic Aleks
Published: June 2024

To enhance occupational health safety and reduce potential dust hazards on large civil construction and mining sites, this presentation discusses an innovative, real-time risk assessment system.

The system uniquely integrates wearable proximity sensors with a combination of portable wearable and static dust monitors. The cutting-edge wireless devices permit continuous tracking of particulate concentrations and movement of personnel and equipment, thereby enabling a dual functionality of safety alerts.

Comprehensive data collected from these devices generates dynamic hazard zone maps. These maps, colour-coded from red to green, indicate the severity of potential dust exposure and proximity hazards in diverse zones, with red signifying extreme risk and green reflecting minimal risk. The evolving nature of the maps allows for timely capturing of worksite conditions, ranging from machinery movement to task completion and workforce mobility.

Significantly, the system employs advanced detection algorithms that identify zones where dust hazard and proximity risk profiles escalate. Workers receive prompt alerts through wearable sensors when approaching these zones or getting too close to plant equipment, reinforcing their situational awareness. Similarly, the system provides management with anticipatory warnings, empowering them to make proactive decisions regarding necessary safety controls to prevent hazardous encounters.

This approach revolutionises industrial hygiene management, offering real-time insights into airborne dust hazards and proximity risks. It promises to significantly improve safety standards, reduce incidents, and foster a safer working environment. The presentation will delve into the technological framework of this integrated system, its practical implementation, and the transformative implications it holds for the future of occupational health safety in high-risk industrial settings.
76 Bioaerosol exposure in Norwegian waste sorting
Authors: Eriksen Elke , Graff Pål , Straumfors Anne , Afanou Anani , Madsen Anne Mette , Eiler Alexander
Published: June 2024

Occupational exposure during handling and sorting of waste has previously been identified as causative agent for occupational disease. New work operations and technological progress facilitate the waste sorting industry with means to reach global sustainability goals, however, generate unknown work-exposure scenarios.

Full-shift personal work air samples were collected to investigate levels of infectious and non-infectious microbial components in bioaerosols and to study the potential of organic dust to elicit an immune response in vitro (TLR activation cell model) and in vivo (plasma biomarkers).

Large variation in assessed exposure measurements between and within WSP, as well as between seasons was identified. Dust levels were generally below the current Norwegian OEL (5mg/m3), however contained substantial levels of endotoxins, fungal particles, and microbial agents with immunostimulatory potential. Viable microorganisms in the inhalable fraction were dominated by fungi in the genus Aspergillus and bacteria in the genus Bacillus and Staphylococcus. The samples contained a substantial fraction of risk group 2 human pathogens. Thirty per cent of the organic dust samples elicited TLR activation in vitro. Monocyte levels, plasma levels of IL-1RA, IL-18 and TNFα as well as symptom prevalence of respiratory and general symptoms were higher among exposed waste workers compared to an unexposed control group.

The present study indicates that Norwegian waste workers are potentially exposed to relatively high levels of microbial agents that may cause adverse health effects in susceptible individuals.
87 Personal nanoparticle exposure measurements in polymer 3D-printing
Authors: Eden Gunilla Runström , Tinnerberg Håkan , Bengtsson Tomas , Almstrand Ann-Charlotte
Published: June 2024

3D-printing is continuing to grow as an industry, which means more people will be at risk of exposure from printer emissions and related post-processing tasks. Studies have shown that many printers emit nanoparticles, which can reach very high concentrations, similar to a welding environment. Less is known about the operators’ personal exposure to nanoparticles, which could have adverse health implications. The aim of the research was to investigate personal exposure to nanoparticles in different 3D-printing environments.

Operators at four different printing facilities wore particle counters specific for the nano-range (Partector 2, Naneos) in the breathing zone for full working days. In total 15 separate measurements were made. In addition to this, the operators filled out diaries about what tasks had been performed during the measurement days to aid interpretation of the data. DataRAM™ (0.1-10 µm) were also worn by the operators in the breathing zone, to measure dust levels and stationary particle counters (P-trak 8525, 20 nm-1µm) were used to characterise emissions in the different facilities.

Exposure varied significantly between operators and work tasks. Diaries were crucial to determine tasks with the highest exposure. Mean operator exposure ranged from (103 – 13732 pt/ml) but number of peak exposures in a day (> 10 000 pt/ml) better characterized the different facilities.

Personal worn nanoparticle counters were a useful tool to measure particle exposure during 3D-printing. Many of the printers used in the study were enclosed with local exhaust ventilation or with hoods with filters, which likely reduced emissions.