bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autoethnography of the Cultural Competence Exhibited at an African American Weekly Newspaper Organization
Authors: Bean Erik
Published: April 2019

Aim/Purpose: Little is known of the cultural competence or leadership styles of a minority owned newspaper. This autoethnography serves to benchmark one early 1990s example.

Background: I focused on a series of flashbacks to observe an African American weekly newspaper editor-in-chief for whom I reported to 25 years ago. In my reflections I sought to answer these questions: How do minorities in entrepreneurial organizations view their own identity, their cultural competence? What degree of this perception is conveyed fairly and equitably in the community they serve?

Methodology: Autoethnography using both flashbacks and article artifacts applied to the leadership of an early 1990s African American weekly newspaper.

Contribution: Since a literature gap of minority newspaper cultural competence examples is apparent, this observation can serve as a benchmark to springboard off older studies like that of Barbarin (1978) and that by examining the leadership styles and editorial authenticity as noted by The Chicago School of Media Theory (2018), these results can be used for comparison to other such minority owned publications.

Findings: By bringing people together, mixing them up, and conducting business any other way than routine helped the Afro-American Gazette, Grand Rapids, proudly display a confidence sense of cultural competence. The result was a potentiating leadership style, and this style positively changed the perception of culture, a social theory change example.

Recommendations for Practitioners: For the minority leaders of such publications, this example demonstrates effective use of potentiating leadership to positively change the perception of the quality of such minority owned newspapers.

Recommendations for Researchers: Such an autoethnography could be used by others to help document other examples of cultural competence in other minority owned newspapers.

Impact on Society: The overall impact shows that leadership at such minority owned publications can influence the community into a positive social change example.

Future Research: Research in the areas of culture competence, leadership, within minority owned newspapers as well as other minority alternative publications and websites can be observed with a focus on what works right as well as examples that might show little social change model influence. The suggestion is to conduct the research while employed if possible, instead of relying on flashbacks.
A língua portuguesa e o desenvolvimento do turismo nas áreas rurais da CPLP
Authors: Santos Rossana Andreia
Published: April 2019

O objetivo desta comunicação consiste em argumentar que a existência de um património cultural lusófono pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento do turismo nas áreas rurais dos Estados membros da CPLP. Este argumento assenta no pressuposto de que as atividades turísticas podem constituir-se um motor da atividade económica em geral, ajudando à redução das assimetrias de desenvolvimento existentes, fenómeno que atinge Portugal e os restantes Estados da CPLP. Os resultados de um estudo realizado em Portugal revelam que a exploração turística do património cultural lusófono pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento do turismo nas áreas rurais. Neste sentido, a relação do património cultural da língua portuguesa, com o investimento direto no estrangeiro e os fluxos migratórios permite argumentar também pelo seu contributo para o desenvolvimento do turismo nas áreas mais carenciadas da CPLP.
Trabalho doméstico: análise da percepção do trabalhador após a regulamentação da lei complementar nº 150/2015
Authors: Vaz da Silva Leila , Assis Alves Ferreira Daniela
Published: April 2019

O presente trabalho tem como finalidade analisar o conhecimento do trabalhador doméstico a respeito dos seus direitos e as mudanças percebidas pelos mesmos, assim como levanRtar os perfis demográficos dos profissionais pesquisados. A pesquisa será direta e objetiva e levantará dados primários por meio da aplicação de formulários e após será feita uma análise quanti-qualitativa. O referencial teórico abordou assuntos relacionados à definição e características do empregado doméstico, história do trabalho doméstico no Brasil e o reconhecimento profissional, social e jurídico proveniente com a Emenda Constitucional Nº 72/2013. A metodologia usada quanto a pesquisa foi a descritiva e a técnica utilizada foi o levantamento de dados primários em campo a partir da adoção de 100 formulários semiestruturados aplicados em Belo Horizonte.
Inadimplência: Um estudo com usuários de cartão de crédito em Belo Horizonte/MG
Authors: Da Silva Ana Claudia , Bianca Bianca Campos Xavier
Published: April 2019

O presente estudo procurou identificar quais as causas de inadimplência de usuários de cartão de crédito, considerando a população de Belo Horizonte para esta análise; o trabalho transcorreu por assuntos como sistema financeiro nacional, os principais mercados financeiros, cartão de crédito, endividamento, comportamento do consumidor e planejamento financeiro. A metodologia utilizada quanto aos fins foi descritiva e quanto aos meios foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo. Foi utilizada uma amostra não probabilística de 100 pessoas, sendo escolhidas por julgamento, estas responderam a um questionário para o levantamento das informações. Com isto consistiu um embasamento para notar alguns comportamentos comuns dos inadimplentes e analisar como tais atitudes afetam para o encaminhamento da inadimplência de fato. Demonstra que a educação financeira constitui uma força crucial para auxiliar na diminuição deste quadro cada vez mais frequente, sua disseminação e usabilidade mais acessível e compreendida, tende a criar uma sociedade onde exista um equilíbrio entre o poder de compra e o quanto podem consumir.
Fluxos de Caixa das empresas do setor alimentar em Portugal
Authors: Tavares Fernando Oliveira , Pacheco Luís , Soares Telma
Published: April 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é investigar quais os fatores determinantes dos fluxos de caixa das atividades operacionais, das atividades de investimento e das atividades de financiamento. A coleta de dados das empresas do setor alimentar em Portugal foi efetuada na base de dados SABI, para o período de 2010 a 2015, e foi aplicado o Método dos Dados em Painel. Verificou-se que as vendas estão positivamente relacionadas com os fluxos de caixa operacionais e negativamente relacionados com os fluxos de caixa das atividades de investimento e financiamento. Apurou-se que o capital próprio está positivamente relacionado com o fluxo de caixa das atividades de investimento e negativamente relacionado com as atividades de financiamento. Os passivos correntes e não corrente também estão negativamente relacionados com os fluxos de caixa das atividades de investimento. Este estudo contribui para a compreensão dos fatores determinantes dos fluxos de caixa e assim permite auxiliar os gestores na tomada de decisões que possam ter impactos positivos e negativos nos fluxos de caixa.
Editorial
Authors: Bandeira Ana Maria Alves
Published: April 2019

Editorial
Revista E3
Authors: (Edição) Ponteditora
Published: April 2019

Revista completa.
The new method for hiatal hernia laparoscopic alloplasty
Authors: A. V. Malinovsky  , S. Y. Badion  , I. I. Horbachuk
Published: April 2019

The aim — to analyze the immediate results of the first experience of a new laparoscopic mesh repair method for the hiatal hernia.Materials and methods. Five patients with an age ranging from 38 to 70 years, and a body mass index ranging from 28 to 35 kg/m2, undergone laparoscopic mesh repair and Nissen fundoplication using new method called «internal buttress of posterior crural repair». The average area of the hernia was 9.8 cm2 (from 8 to 16 cm2). In all cases, there was a thinning of the cruras and the upper part of the border of the hiatal. Two pieces of rectangular mesh Parietene ProGrip (Covidien, USA), measuring from 0.8 ´ 2.5 cm to 1.0 ´ 3.0 cm, were fixed by their hooks to the inner surface of the crura. Then, cruroraphy together with the both pieces of the mesh was done using a self­gripping non­absorbable continuous suture with V­loc 2­0 (Covidien, USA).Results and discussion. The mean duration of repair was 20 minutes (range 15 to 35 minutes). The mesh implants were not shifted when flashing and at the same time their position could be corrected. The rupture of the crura and the bleeding from the bite points were not observed. When tightening the thread, cruras approached to each other well. There were no cases of dysphagia.Conclusions. The new method of the internal buttres of posterior crural repair using self­gripping lightweight polyester mesh (Parietene ProGrip, Covidien, USA) demonstrated its technical feasibility and safety. The new method combines the advantages of positioning of a mesh posteriorly to the crura and the comfortability of posterior crural repair. More cases collection with assessment of long­term results and comparing with other methods is needed.
Jaundice of mixed genesis treatment: a case report
Authors: K. Yu. Parkhomenko  , K. E. Payunov  , A. G. Drozdova  , O. V. Vinnichenko  , M. V. Suplichenko
Published: April 2019

As the number of patients in whom the leading disease syndrome is jaundice continues to increase, the issues of their differential diagnosis, the surgery extension choice (if necessary), rational conservative therapy in the postoperative period remain relevant. A case report of treating management in patient with jaundice of mixed genesis, who was hospitalized in the surgical department with yellowish skin and sclera, complaints of nausea and heartburn, is given. The chronic calculous cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis, acute obstructive jaundice was diagnosed in patient. A planned surgical intervention included upper-median laparotomy, cholecystectomy, intraoperative cholangiography, choledochotomy, Holsted choledochal drainage, and subhepatic space drainage was performed. In the postoperative period the jaundice despite adequate functioning of the choledochal drainage attracted attention. Serological tests revealed antibodies to yersiniosis and pseudotuberculosis. Against the background of therapy, taking into account the recommendations of related specialists, the general somatic condition has improved. Total bilirubin levels have progressively decreased. The patient was discharged with recommendations in a relatively satisfactory condition. In our opinion, this clinical example illustrates the complexity of jaundice syndrome and proves how difficult it is sometimes to differentiate the diagnosis of diseases, the leading syndrome of which is jaundice, and how important it is to identify the appropriate pathology in a timely manner and choose the right therapeutic approach.
Politic of Religious Pluralism in Indonesia: State and Future
Authors: Halili Halili
Published: April 2019

This article which aimed at (1) describing religious pluralism as the context of “Bhinneka Tunggal Ika” (Unity in Diversity), (2) revealing prominent issues in politic of religious pluralism in Indonesia, and (3) analyzing prospect of political policy of religious pluralism in Indonesia, discusses some points of insights. First, religious pluralism is natural fact and socio-political consensus that be sociological basic of “Bhinneka Tunggal Ika” as national motto of Indonesia. Second, there are prominent issues linking to politic of religious freedom in Indonesia, namely: 1) inconsistence of governmental regulations against constitutional provisions on freedom of every citizen to follow any religion and worship according to his/her religion and faith, 2) strengthen of religious conservatism leading to violent extremism which shows ineffectiveness of state policies in preserving religious pluralism in Indonesia, and 3) politicking of religious identity and sentiment in electoral politics. Third, prospect of political policy on religious pluralism is functionally determined by working of three agenda; 1) formulation of regulation which is in line with basic norm of constitution, 2) abolition of discriminatory regulations in local level, and 3) formulation of national rule which intentionally prohibits politicking sentiment of ethnic, religion, race, and inter social group in electoral politics in Indonesia.
NANOFLUID FLOW ON A VERTICAL CYLINDER UNDER THE EFFECT OF MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS
Authors: Saleh Manal H.
Published: April 2019

The present work is a numerical investigation of the effect of laminar natural convection flow of nano fluid taking Cu nano particles and the water as based fluid on a vertical cylinder in presence of magnetohydrodynamics. The governing equations which used are continuity, momentum and energy equations. These equations are transformed to dimensionless equations using vorticity-stream function method and the resulting nonlinear system of partial differential equations are then solved numerically using finite difference approximation. A thermal boundary condition of a constant wall temperature is considered. A computer program was built to calculate the rate of heat transfer in terms of average Nusselt number, velocity distribution as well as temperature distribution for magnetohydrodynamics range of and the volume fraction . Numerical solution have been considered for a fluid Prandtl number fixed at (Pr = 6.2), Rayleigh number . The results show that Nu increase with increasing Ral and M and increased with the particle volume fraction up to φ = 0.15 then decreased due to viscosity and agglomeration effect. The effect of Rayleigh number and magnetohydrodynamics on the rate of heat transfer is concluded by a correlation equation.
An Analytical study of Optimal Die Design of Elliptic Tube
Authors: S. Muthanna H.
Published: April 2019

In this study, die profile of the elliptic tube extrusion is analysis to predict the optimum die design by using upper bound theory. Developed manner in determining the relative extrusion power by dividing the extrusion die for different sector and calculate the relative deformation power of each sector under different condition which are reduction of area, friction factor and relative die length. The study predicts a new equation for determining the optimum die length with taking in the count the effects of those variables.  The surface of the die is generated by an envelope of straight lines drawn from the points on the perimeter at the entry section to corresponding points at exist of the die. An upper bound technique based on the kinematically admissible velocity field is used to determine the forming stress. A complex program built in Visual Fortran V5.0 used to calculate relative extrusion power with variable friction factor (relative optimum extrusion power for values of  reduction area are changed from 52.6% at area reduction equals to 0.15 to 82.8% at area reduction equals to 0.4). ANSYS program is used to compare the behavior and values of  relative extrusion stress for  optimum relative die length at constant reduction of area (R.A.=25%). The results are compared with other papers theoretical and experimental results are found to be in a very good agreement.
The Nonlinear Contact Simulation for Manufacturing Process by Using ANSYS Program as Case study with Cylindrical rolling contact
Authors: Ghali Ammar Dawood
Published: April 2019

Numerical simulation plays an indispensable role in the modern manufacturing process, especially in production operation and metal forming by using different of forming Dies Because it give perfect product design to improving quality and performance and reduce the time and cost .Because of the most of forming operation include contact option between the product surface (contact surface) and Die surface (Target surface) then the determination of the contact surface nature and material behavior ( uniform linear ) or ( not uniform nonlinear) that very effect on the carryout of forming process with required product .To improving simulation accuracy, approximations of linear behavior have become less  acceptable, while it is possible to perform nonlinear analysis and design more often  while minimizing approximations, the nonlinear analysis capabilities in general-purpose   programs such as ANSYS Mechanical.The significance of the research is into linear simulation analysis and its limitation and development to nonlinear simulation  where interest with the development manufacturing processes that including change in the geometry , properties and material behavior  through forming ,the search give an example of Case study with Cylindrical rolling contact that very important for wide application to manufacturing processes such as drawing ,Rolling ,Forging , Extrusion, Bending and other .The structural nonlinearities can be classified as geometric nonlinearity, material nonlinearity, and contact or boundary nonlinearity Numerical results indicate the success of ANSYS contact technologies in solving very large scale engineering problems especially large deformation frictional contact problems with the  new surface based contact elements have many advantages over the node based contact  elements .
Effect of Enlarging the Aircraft Vertical Tail on State Variables of Stability Response during Dynamic Coupling
Authors: Shamikh Abdul Jabbar Jwair
Published: April 2019

In this paper the variables of high performance aircraft including the modification of vertical tail during the roll inertia cross coupling phenomenon is presented. To demonstrate the effects of the enlarging the area of vertical tail on stability of aircraft, the longitudinal-lateral equations of aircraft motion at steady roll rate are solved. The results indicate that damping of the modified system is increased and the longitudinal-lateral state variables response of the aircraft is improved. The increase in the area of the vertical fin is a necessary feature in the development of the aircraft to improve stability during roll and decrease the possibility of cross coupling occurrence. Also the results indicated that the critical value of roll rate in case 1,at Mach no.=0.6, takes the range of  ,while the values of critical roll rates in case 2,3 and 4 are  ,  ,  ,Respectively.  The numerical results shows 19% , 15.5% , and 15%  gain in rolling margin for cases 2, 3, and 4 respectively, when compared with original (case 1) .
Study The Effect of Cutting Conditions (Cutting Speed, Depth of Cut, Feed ) on The Wear of Cutting Tool Bit Turning Machine
Authors: Elmosawi Niema H , Al Shalan Gannam , Ali Hamid H.
Published: April 2019

The aim of the work is to study the effect of cutting condition on cutting bit of the turning machine while working on different metal ,Through using a special type of commonly used cutting tool bit in (HSS) due to the high qualifications it is characterized by cutting ,and its endurance of high temperature .Two types of metal are used in cutting (Aluminum, Mild steel),relying on the working conditions used in the machine(feed, cutting speed، depth of cut),while conducting working processes via using cooling liquid ,and without it .The wear test results shown that there are two types of wear measured by the (tool micker microscope) :Flank wear and Greater wear, are formed on the cutting edge of the tool bits as a result of the great effect of cutting conditions on the tool bit and the high temperature of the chips ;in addition to the occurrence of resulting edge on the cutting edge of the tool bits in the process of cutting aluminum , with the use of cooling liquids which prolong the of cutting tool and decrease the periods of re-grinding the cutting tool bit.
Speech Recognition using Wavelets and Improved SVM
Authors: Hussien Emad Ahmed , Ahmed Mohannad Abid Shehab , Taha Haithem Abd Al-Raheem
Published: April 2019

Speaker recognition (identification/verification) is the computing task of validating a user’s claimed identity using speaker specific information included in speech waves: that is, it enables access control of various services by voice. Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) based systems for speaker recognition have shown robust results for several years and are widely used in speaker recognition applications.   This paper is based on text independent speaker recognition system that makes use of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) as a feature extraction and kernel Support Vector Machine (SVM) approach as a classification tool for taking the decision through applying simplified-Class Support Vector Machine approach.   The proposed SVM approach can convert local Euclidean distances between frame vectors to angles by projecting these -dimensional vectors together, and get the minimum global distance from the non-linear aligned speech path in order to address audio classiﬁcation, and hence, sound recognition.The DWT for each frame of the spoken word are taken as a tool for extracting the main feature as a data code vectors, next these data is normalized utilizing the normalized power algorithm that is used to reduce the number of feature vector coefficients then these data is scaled and tested with those stored of the training spoken words to achieve the speaker identification tasks, also the DWT gives fixed amount of data that can be utilized modesty by SVM.Finally, the proposed method is tested and trained upon a very large data base with results limited to ten speakers only (5 males and 5 females) with words of maximally 17 phenomena and its performance gives an accurate and stable results which rises the algorithm efficiency and reduce the execution time with 97% overall  accuracy.
Investigation of the Properties of Heat Treated Rolled Aluminum Zinc Alloy (7072-T6)
Authors: Mohammed Kamal Abdulkareem
Published: April 2019

The effects of heat treatment on the properties of rolled aluminum zinc alloy type 7072-T6 are study in this work. Representative samples of aluminum zinc alloys were subjected to heat treatment processes which are; Solution heat treatment follow by Artificial Ageing in the different order. The aluminum zinc alloys were heated to the initial temperature of 600 ºC and water quenched. The quenched aluminum zinc alloys were subjected to(lamellae formation) by reheating it to the dual-phase region at a temperature of 150ºC and then rapidly quenched in water. The (lamellae formation) samples was take an Artificial Ageing at 400 ºC to provide an alloy containing strong, tough and lath α –β phase in a soft and ductile α - matrix. Mechanical tests were carried out on the samples and the results shows that the aluminum zinc alloys developed has excellent combination of tensile strength, hardness and impact strength which is very good for structural applications.
EGR Effect On Performance of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Blend of Methanol-Gasoline
Authors: Chaichan Miqdam Tariq
Published: April 2019

This paper examines the results of performance of a single cylinder spark-   ignition engine fuelled with 20% methanol +80% gasoline (M20), compared to gasoline. The experiments were conducted at stoichiometric air–fuel ratio at wide open throttle and variable speed conditions, over the range of 1000 to 2600 rpm. The tests were conducted at higher useful compression ratio using optimum spark timings and adding recirculated exhaust gas with 20% to suction manifold.

The test results show that the higher compression ratio for the tested gasoline was 7:1, 9.5:1 for M20 and 9:1 for M20 with added EGR. M20 at higher useful compression ratio (HUCR) and optimum spark timing (OST) characteristics are significantly different from gasoline. Within the tested speed range, M20 consistently produces higher brake thermal efficiency by about 6%. Also it resulted in approximately 3.06% lower brake specific fuel consumption compared with gasoline. Adding EGR to M20 caused reduction in HUCR and advancing the OST. This addition increased brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), reduced brake thermal energy, volumetric efficiency and exhaust gas temperatures.
An Investigation of Natural Convection Heat Transfer in A Cubic Enclosure with Oriented Partial Partitions at Different Angles
Authors: Alwan Dhia Al-Deen H.
Published: April 2019

Natural convection heat transfer in an enclosure provided with inclined partitions to the two adiabatic sides, heated from the bottom with uniform heat flux and cooled from the top at constant temperature is studied experimentally and numerically in this work. The inclined partitions is well covered with an insulated material, so that, it can be assumed as parts of the adiabatic walls that places on. The governing parameter, Rayleigh number, is fixed in this work within 2.6x1011, so that the effect of inclination angles of the two side’s partitions can be investigated. The inclination angles of the two baffles range as (0o ≤ and ≥ 150o). In numerical solution the effect of turbulence is modelled using (k-ε) model. Some applications need to use the enclosed fluid layers as insulation, so that one purpose of this work deals with improve the insulating properties of fluid layers. The experimental and numerical works are done in 36 runs, grouped into 6 collections. Each collection with 6 runs done under a fixed inclination angle of one baffle and change the second baffle inclination angle to investigate the enclosure flow field and heat transfer. The result shows that a multi cells forms when the two baffles aboard to each other’s, which is a reason to make a separation between a cold, and hot circulation cells that forms in the enclosure and act as insulator. It is also conclude that for all cases, the long insulated baffle of any inclination angle causes a reduction to the heat exchange inside the enclosure due to the damping cause to the flow field. The less average Nusselt number occurs when the two angles are equals, and the worst case is (θ=β=90o).
Image Quality Enhancing by Efficient Histogram Equalization
Authors: Baqer Ismail Sh.
Published: April 2019

A two Level Image Quality enhancement is proposed in this paper. In the first level, Dualistic Sub-Image Histogram Equalization DSIHE method decomposes the original image into two sub-images based on median of original images. The second level deals with spikes shaped noise that may appear in the image after processing. We presents three methods of image enhancement GHE, LHE and proposed DSIHE that improve the visual quality of images. A comparative calculations is being carried out on above mentioned techniques to examine objective and subjective image quality parameters e.g. Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio PSNR values, entropy H and mean squared error MSE to measure the quality of gray scale enhanced images.

For handling gray-level images, convenient Histogram Equalization methods e.g. GHE and LHE tend to change the mean brightness of an image to middle level of the gray-level range limiting their appropriateness for contrast enhancement in consumer electronics such as TV monitors. The DSIHE methods seem to overcome this disadvantage as they tend to preserve both, the brightness and contrast enhancement. Experimental results show that the proposed technique gives better results in terms of Discrete Entropy, Signal to Noise ratio and Mean Squared Error values than the Global and Local histogram-based equalization methods
Optimization of Effluent Phosphorus Control for Al-Aziziah (Wasit) Wastewater Treatment Plant
Authors: Shamkhi Mohammed Siwan
Published: April 2019

The combination between the enhance biological phosphorus removal EBPR process and chemical phosphorous precipitation process removal from wastewater to avoid the instability of the biological phosphorus removal process due to temperature variation has been simulated and optimized by implementing three different strategies in the GPS-X 5.0 modeling and simulation software (Hydro mantis). The results were demonstrated that the annual consumption of alum for the three different phosphorus control strategies (side stream line dosing only, wastewater line dosing only and dosing at both wastewater and side stream lines) were 290, 80 and 68 tons Alum/year respectively. Therefore, the implement of both wastewater and side stream lines dosing strategy show a better phosphorus removal choice in terms of effluent quality and amount of alum used.
Matlab- Based Interference Mitigation in WPAN IR-UWB
Authors: Hassan Abbas Saleh
Published: April 2019

Impulse Radio - Ultra Wideband (IR-UWB) is a wireless technology system that offers a high data rate within a short range. Therefore, IR-UWB system is regarded as an excellent physical layer solution to the multi-piconet Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) applications. In spite of all the advantages of IR-UWB, there are several fundamental and practical challenges that need to be carefully addressed. The big and most important one among these challenges is the interference. Two types of Rake receivers are designed and simulated to highly mitigate the MUI these are (PRake receiver) and (SRake receiver).
An Efficient Approach for Modeling and Control of a Quadrotor
Authors: Khusheef Ahmed S.
Published: April 2019

A quadrotor is a four-rotor aircraft capable of vertical take-off and landing, hovering, forward flight, and having great maneuverability. Its platform can be made in a small size make it convenient for indoor applications as well as for outdoor uses. In model there are four input forces that are essentially the thrust provided by each propeller attached to each motor with a fixed angle. The quadrotor is basically considered an unstable system because of the aerodynamic effects; consequently, a close-loop control system is required to achieve stability and autonomy. Such system must enable the quadrotor to reach the desired attitude as fast as possible without any steady state error. In this paper, an optimal controller is designed based on a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control method to obtain stability in flying the quadrotor. The dynamic model of this vehicle will be also explained by using Euler-Newton method. The mechanical design was performed along with the design of the controlling algorithm. Matlab Simulink was used to test and analyze the performance of the proposed control strategy. The experimental results on the quadrotor demonstrated the effectiveness of the methodology used.
Temperature Distribution in Core and Winding of a Transformer and Its Effect on Performance
Authors: Muhammed Mahmmod Aziz , Ghedayer Abdul Ridha
Published: April 2019

In order to reach the maximum power from a transformer and avoid thermal accidents, it is essential to carefully study its thermal behavior. This research is to apply some computational and analytical approaches in order to obtain a temperature distribution within the core and winding of a transformer. Hence its thermal behavior can be analytically and practically predicted. The aim is to optimize transformer operation under various load conditions during the extreme weather of summer season in the southern part of Iraq. The numerical scheme applied which is based on finite difference method has shown to be in good agreement with the empirical data measured on the external finned body of transformer.
Urban Problems, the impact on future cities -A concept for Baghdad future sustainable development-
Authors:  عبد الموسوي سهاد كاظم
Published: April 2019

Urban problems affects both Developed and Third World, the problems include necessity for land, energy consumption and urban waste, these problems affect the environment and ecology system and decrease the quality of healthy inhabitants living and there is a lack in sustainable treatment for these problems, the research hypothesize that sustainable urban development can be achieved if urban planning consider an effective transport system and infra structure with the support of land use administrational tools, the research aims to define future sustainable urban development schemes with a future description for sustainable Baghdad urban future, the research defines urban problems and the available treatments to outline the meaning of sustainable urbanism.
Experimental Study of Pipes Shape Effect on Noise Reduction
Authors: Kassim Muna S. , Al-Maliki Ammar Fadhil Hussein
Published: April 2019

Internal combustion engine is a major source of noise pollution. These engines are used for various purposes such as, in power plants, automobiles, locomotives, and in various manufacturing machineries. The noise is caused by two reasons; the first reason is the pulses which created when the burst of high pressure gas suddenly enters the exhaust system, while the second reason is the friction of various parts of the engine where the exhaust noise is the most dominant. The limitation of the noise caused by the exhaust system is accomplished by the use of silencers and mufflers. The aim of this study is the reduction of the noise by changing its inlet and outlet pipe length and shape. Also the losses in noise for different length and shapes have been investigated experimentally. The results show that the corrugated pipe is preferable for noise reduction.
Sustainability and Project Management – The Drivers and Benefits
Authors: Kahachi Hussaen Ali Hassan
Published: April 2019

This research is looking at the concept of sustainable project management and its importance in real life project management. Firstly, the research will examine the meaning of sustainability and sustainable management. Next, it will examine, evaluate and classify the different drivers for the integration of sustainability in project management as social, economic, legislative and environmental drivers. Then, the research will discuss the potential benefits of implementing sustainability in project management throughout project's lifecycle. The researcher concluded that there are many environmental, social/ethical, legislative and economic benefits derived from integrating sustainability into project management throughout project's lifecycle, however, there are some restrictions as the tools for integration are still under development.
Flexural Strength of Reinforced Concrete Two way Slabs Strengthened and Repaired by High Strength Ferrocement at Tension Zone
Authors: Abdullah Mazen D. , Sheriff Mustafa , Hateem Aqeel
Published: April 2019

This paper presents a study of the flexural behavior of strengthened and repaired reinforced concrete two slabs by ferrocement layers.  This study included testing 11 simply supported two way slabs, which include 1 control slabs, 8 strengthened slabs and 2 repaired slabs. In the strengthened slabs the effect of the thickness of ferrocement layers, the compressive strength for mortar and number of wire mesh layers of ferrocement on the ultimate load, mid span deflection at ultimate load and intensity of cracks was investigate. In the repaired part the slabs were loaded to (74 %) of measured ultimate load of control slab. The effect of connection method between repaired slabs and ferrocement jacket on the ultimate load, mid span deflection at ultimate load and intensity of cracks was examined. All reinforced concrete slab specimens were designed of the same dimensions and reinforce identically to fail in flexure. All slabs have been tested in simply supported conditions subjected to central concentrated load. The experimental results show that the ultimate loads are increased by about (4.6-19.2%) for the slabs strengthened with ferrocement with respect to the unstrengthened reinforced concrete slab (control slab).
Removal of Zinc by Bitter Orange Peels Activated Carbon and Commercially Activated Carbon, a Comparison Study.
Authors: Hawal Laith Hamdan
Published: April 2019

In this study, a comparison between using activated carbon prepared from bitter orange peels (BOAC) and a common commercially activated carbon (CAC), which is brought from the market, as adsorbent materials. This study was designed to find out which of these two activated carbons is more effective in the removal of zinc from waste water. This work examines the use of bitter orange peels, which are available as waste in local markets and in household garbage as an alternative presage to prepare an activated carbon by using (H2SO4) as activating reagent. The effects of pH, initial zinc concentrations, treatment time, adsorbent media bed height and the flow rate of simulated synthetic aqueous solution (SSAS) on the removal efficiency of zinc were all studied under 24oC

The results indicated that the removal efficiency of zinc increases with decreasing in pH of SSAS. When the initial concentration of zinc increases in SSAS, the removal efficiency of zinc was decreased. The study proved that the increasing of contact time leads to greater removal efficiency. When the height of adsorbent media in fixed column increases, the removal efficiency was increased. The experiments also showed that the removal efficiency of zinc from the SSAS increased, when the flow rate decreased. It could be concluded from this work that (BOAC) is better than (CAC) as an adsorbent materials in the removal of zinc; with a removal efficiency of (90%, 86%), respectively
Evaluation the Performance of Al-Horh Signalized Intersection Using ArcGIS (ModelBuilder)
Authors: Kshash Salih Suliman
Published: April 2019

Signalized intersections are key elements in the urban transportation network where carry heavy traffic of motorized and non-motorized vehicles and pedestrians the intersection during peak periods. Intersection congestion is expressed in terms of level of service (LOS) as defined by the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM).Level of service is defined in terms of delay and ranges from LOS A (free-flow conditions) to LOS F (long delays). Delay represents an average stopped delay per vehicle fora 15-minute analysis period.

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the operational capacity of intersection (AL-Horh) in AL-Kut city.AL-Horh intersection is a ground intersection with four legs. Itrepresent one of the main intersections in Al-kut city for it links the traffic coming from Al- Zafaf Street to Al- Hora and Al- Kafaat Street. The volumes of traffic get congested   in the morning and evening at this intersection.To achieve the evolution performance of  intersection 700 TVL Samsung video cameras have been used to measure traffic volume in the intersections with 3.6mm lens and total station were used to survey the intersection  whereas ArcGIS (ModelBuilder) were used for processing for the purposes traffic analysis process.The operational analysis of the existing conditions of this intersection indicates that the LOS is (F) with an intersection delay value of 175.363sec. /vehicle.
Prestressed Precast Hollow-Core Slabs with Different Shear Span to Effective Depth Ratio
Authors: Mhalhal Jasim Mahmood
Published: April 2019

Four full scale precast prestressed hollow-core slabs were tested under the influence of four lines loading with various values of shear span to effective depth ratio (a/d) (1.5, 2, 3.5 and 5). The dimensions of the hollow-core slab were 2000 mm, 1200 mm and 150 mm (length, width and thickness, respectively). All slabs were cast with a high compressive strength concrete of approximately 79.5 MPa. Experimental test results showed four patterns of failure mode depending on the ratio of (a/d). They were flexural failure, flexure-shear failure and shear compression failure. In addition to combination failure between tension shear and anchorage failure, accompanied by sliding strand in concrete. The failure loads decreased about 19.6% as (a/d) increased by 233.3%.  Finally, the highest first crack load, 110kN, was recorded for sample, HCS 1.5, having the lowest (a/d) ratio.
Effect of Titanium Carbide Particles on Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Matrix Composites
Authors: Ibrahim Zaman Khalil
Published: April 2019

In this research aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) was reinforced by titanium carbide (TiC) particles and was produced. Powder metallurgy technique (PM) has been used to fabricate AMCs reinforced with various amounts (0%, 4%, 8%, 12%, 16% and 20% volume fraction) of TiC particles to study the effect of different volume fractions on mechanical properties of the Al-TiC composites. Measurements of compression strength and hardness showed that mechanical properties of composites increased with an increase in volume fraction of TiC Particles. Al-20 % vol. TiC composites exhibited the best properties with hardness value (97HRB) and compression strength value (275Mpa).
Estimation of fresh concrete temperature
Authors: Jabbar Adil Mahdi
Published: April 2019

ACI Committee 305 R proposed an equation for estimating temperature of fresh concrete with ice or without ice. Upon using the equation, it is shown that it is inaccurate. When using ice in percentage greater than 50 % of the mixing water , that equation gives irrational results. Also, ACI Equation under-estimates the actual temperature and it can be used with a little accuracy when using ice as a percentage of added mixing water at 20 % and lower. For more accuracy and rational results and at different percentages of ice to replace mixing water, an experimental test and theoretical analysis have led to a more accurate equation for estimating fresh concrete temperature.
The impact of the absence of planning laws on the capacity of the centers of the cities
Authors: Shouk Mufeed E.
Published: April 2019

All Iraqi cities also Erbil city are particularly significant growth since 2005 and so far because of great opening that took place and an increase in rates of economic growth which was reflected in the per capita income and the development of infrastructure and public services. Because of the big shortage in all kinds of service projects, residential and entertainment. decision maker adopting the idea of ​​investing in these areas and to develop and improve the reality after coming out of economic crises caused by wars over the country in general and the events experienced by the city of Irbil, in particular, and for the work and construction, attracting foreign investments had to be set up a facilities to investment firms and investors for the success of  the process decision makers  try to find the laws of planning or change the laws planning in according  to the wishes of investors and to stimulate the investment process and thus develop and improve services and meet the requirements without referring to the main reasons that the laws has set for it.

 As is well known to urban planners that the laws designed to protect the uses of the land where you are trying to stop any abuses would confuse the planning process.
Notions of sustainable urban planning and impacts on Habitation
Authors: Mahmood Ghasan Hasan
Published: April 2019

One of the main housing problems in the modern era emerged from the case of environmental and urban degradation and the accompanying population growth and an increasing scarcity of natural resources, which has established itself firmly on the planning status of contemporary in an attempt to find appropriate solutions to this problem orientation was towards the concept of sustainability, which in turn is a global demand necessary contributes mainly in the treatment of a lot of this problem and then configure the general perception of the concept and methodology to be applied to urban and urban areas, which are aimed at forming healthy urban environment, health, social, urban and environmentally suitable for all economic groups in society, and I have touched on the concept of sustainability and its history briefly , as well as sustainable development and the basics of sustainable urban planning with the definition of the structure of the city's urban and address standards of planning, and has been eating Neighbourhood Unit  being the main Aalouhdh in the structure of the urban city. with the development of the most important sustainable planning in detail the concepts with Astertajat application of these concepts in the neighboring implications the residential environment as a model can be a start for the dissemination of sustainable planning applications in urban design and urban planning of our cities contemporary line To be the problem of the research is that the residential neighborhoods in contemporary cities suffer from the weakness evident in the achievement of the principles of urban sustainability in the built environment as a result of the lack of a clear vision of the great impact of the application of sustainable urban planning concepts on housing environment residential neighbors and especially those that are considered fundamental group unit for the emergence of cities and the wealth of the solution to the problems of the expansion of agricultural land and not to the depletion of natural resources, agricultural land and reduce the energy consumption and therefore reduce the various infections with developing the economy and raising the social level of the communities Alexanah.lzlk the aim of the research is centered on asking perceptions affecting the concepts of sustainable planning and environmental, social, economic, physical and its effects on residential environment with taking as a model .oantaleg neighboring residential search in the premise that the implementation of sustainable urban planning concepts will create residential Abih sound and healthy, safe and socially homogeneous and compact urban .
Urban participation in improving the urban environment of historic city centers
Authors: Aldelphi Hussam S. O.
Published: April 2019

Most of the historical city centers are subjected to great pressures due to urbanization and urban involvements by individuals and institutions. This intervention may change the original urban structure and threaten its involvements. The problem is the lack of a perception of the impact of urban participation and its impact on the urban environment, assuming that patterns of urban participation may have an effective impact on that urban environment. Then, the research aims at focusing on good practices and supporting the active groups in improving the urban environment of the city centers. Therefore, the research is concerned with activating the ways of urban participation in improving the urban environment. The research found that there is an actual state of change in some features of the city centers as a result of many urban interventions. Control of the nature of urban participation can improve the control of changes in the urban environment in a positive way to the latest developments and requirements of modern life of the inhabitants. The research recommends the development of mechanisms and policies appropriate to the content of change in historical centers to make them viable and keep with developments.
Effect of Using External Packaging Materials for New Building Walls on Heating Load
Authors: Ali Sajjad Shakir , Abdullah Hassan Kareem
Published: April 2019

Experimental and theoretical investigation of three types of external packaging materials (Gypsum board, Alucobond, Ceramic) for the residential building were carried out in the present work, to reduce heating load in winter. Experiments were carried out at the university of Wasit (Al-Kut city, late 32.5N), winter season by building small room from sandwich panel. The room's dimensions were 2m width, 2m length and 2.4m height. The south wall was made two slots. The slot dimensions are 0.3m width and 1m height. Two types of walls were built in the two slots. The first wall was built from common bricks. The second wall was built from bricks covered with packaging material. The radiant time series (RTS) method was used for calculating the experimental heat losses through the walls. The ESP-R program from Energy Systems Research Unit (ESRU) - University of Strathclyde used to calculate the theoretical results[1]. It is the intensity of the radiation and temperature on the walls. The results of the experimental work show that the maximum values of percentage energy saving as follows: External packaging materials; 16.77  Gypsum board,2.73  Alucobond and 2.3  Ceramic.