bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validated negative regions (VNRs) in the VISTA database might be truncated forms of bona fide enhancers
Authors: Ni Pengyu , Su Zhengchang
Published: November 2022

The VISTA enhancer database is a valuable resource for evaluating predicted regulatory sequences and studying various aspects of enhancers in mammalian genomes. In addition to thousands of validated positive regions (VPRs) in the human and mouse genomes, the database also contains similar numbers of validated negative regions (VNRs). We find that like the VPRs, the VNRs also are under strongly evolutionary constraints and are almost completely recalled by highly accurately predicted cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) in the genomes. However, both VNRs and VPRs are on average half as long as the recalling CRMs, while containing a small portion of non-enhancer sequences. These results suggest that both VNRs and VPRs might be truncated forms of long enhancers. It appears that VPRs might be at least partially functional in their truncated form under the assessed conditions, while VNRs might not be functional in their truncated forms and/or under the assessed conditions.
Pump it up: bioelectric stimulation controls tissue hydrostatic
pressure and water transport via electro-inflation
Authors: Shim Gawoon , Breinyn Isaac , Martinez-Calvo Alejandro , Cohen Daniel
Published: November 2022

Epithelial tissues sheath many organs, separating ‘outside’ from ‘inside’ and exquisitely regulating ion and water transport via electromechanical pumping to maintain homeostatic balance and tissue hydrostatic pressure. While it is becoming increasingly clear that the ionic microenvironment and external electric stimuli can affect epithelial function and behavior, the coupling between electrical perturbation and tissue form remain unclear. We investigated this by combining electrical stimulation with three-dimensional epithelial tissues with hollow ‘lumens’—both kidney cysts and complex intestinal stem cell organoids. Our core finding is that physiological strength electrical stimulation of order 1-3 V/cm (with both direct and alternating currents) can drive powerful and rapid inflation of hollow tissues through a process we call ‘electro-inflation’, inducing a nearly threefold increase in tissue volume and striking asymmetries in tissue form. Electro-inflation is primarily driven by activation of the CFTR ion channel pumping chloride into the tissue, causing water to osmotically flow. This influx generates hydrostatic pressure, and inflation results from a competition between this pressure and cell cytoskeletal tension. We validated these interpretations with computational models connecting ion dynamics in the Diffuse Double Layer around tissues to tissue mechanics. Electro-inflation is a unique biophysical process to study and control complex tissue function.
Attitude towards Safe Abortion and Associated Factors among Health Care Professionals at the Public Health Facilities of Bahir Dar city, Northwest, Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Tadie Abebay , Mekonen Aemtsehay , Belachew Melash , Feyisa Wondu , Alemnew Fentahun , Tebabal Amanuel , Abie Alemwork
Published: November 2022

Background
Negative attitude towards abortion among health care professionals providing abortion services could be an obstacle even under a law, which permits abortion on request. Health care providers are expected to perform and be change agents of abortion services. However, little information is known about the attitude towards safe abortion among health care providers in Ethiopia.
Objective
This study aimed to assess attitude towards safe abortion and associated factors among health care providers in the public health facilities of Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia.
Methods
A health facility-based cross-sectional study was employed from March 1–30/2021 among 416 health care providers. The data were collected by computer-based generated simple random sampling technique, entered, coded, and cleaned using Epi data version 4.2 and analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Sciences version 25.0. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to estimate the crude and adjusted odds ratio with a confidence interval of 95% and a P-value of less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. Frequency tables, figures, and descriptive summaries were used to describe the study variables.
Results
In this study, 70.2% [95% CI: 65.6–74.6] of health care professionals had favorable attitude towards safe abortion. The age group of 25–29, 30–34, and ≥ 35 years [AOR = 3.34, 95% CI = 1.03–10.85], [AOR = 4.58, 95% CI = 1.33–15.83] and [AOR = 5.30, 95% CI = 1.43–19.66] respectively, male health care providers [AOR = 3.20, 95% CI = 1.55–6.60], midwives [AOR = 6.50, 95% CI = 2.40-17.44], working at hospital [AOR = 4.77, 95% CI = 1.53–14.91], trained on abortion [AOR = 5.09, 95% CI = 2.29–11.32], practicing of an abortion procedure [AOR = 2.52, 95%, CI = 1.13–5.60], knowledge on safe abortion [AOR = 7.35, 95% CI = 3.23–16.71], awareness on revised abortion law [AOR = 6.44, 95% CI = 3.15–13.17] and need further legalization of abortion law [AOR = 11.78, 95% CI = 5.52–24.26] were associated with favorable attitude towards safe abortion.
Conclusion
In the present study, health care providers who had a favorable attitude towards safe abortion were relatively high compared to the previous studies. Age, sex, profession, working place, training, knowledge, and practice-related factors were associated with a favorable attitude towards safe abortion. Thus, health institutions considered a need for sensitization for health professionals about safe abortion to improve and sustain a positive attitude.
The significance of lysosome in the diagnosis and subclassification of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Li Chenghao , Zheng Zhuo , Jin Meishan
Published: November 2022

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a heterogeneous disease with complex pathophysiological characteristics. Lysosomes are the main organelles of degradation in eukaryotic cells, and their dysfunction is closely related to AD. Therefore, our goal is to identify the lysosomal induced molecular subtype of AD and further explore the possible mechanisms.
Methods: The dataset was downloaded from the GEO database. By differential expression analysis, 50 differentially expressed lysosomal genes in AD were identified. R-package "ROCR" was used to plot and calculate ROC curves and AUC values for differential lysosomal genes. The expression data of the above genes with AUC greater than 0.7 in the AD group were extracted and the R package "ConsensusClusterPlus" was used for consistent clustering of the AD data set. The contents of 28 kinds of immune cells in all samples (cluster1:28, cluster2:28) of the AD dataset were calculated using the R-package "GSVA". The R package "limma" was used to analyze the differences of autophagy genes in 56 AD data sets based on consistent clustering. R package "WGCNA" carried out weighted co-expression network analysis of the differential genes between cluster1 and cluster2, and extracted the related genes of the two modules with the highest positive and negative correlation. GO and KEGG functional enrichment of the above module genes was performed.
Results: Two lysosomes subtypes (Cluster1:28, Cluster2: 28) with different outcomes were identified in AD cohort by unsupervised clustering of lysosome diagnostics molecular, known as cluster 1/2. The results showed that 13 immune cells were significantly different between cluster1 and cluster2. A total of 76 differentially expressed autopaghy genes were identified. It indicated autopaghy heterogeneity between lysosome subtypes. The enrichment analysis of the key module genes of the lysosome subtype showed that the key module genes were mainly concentrated in the gene set associated with the synapses.
Conclusions: According to the heterogeneity of lysosomes, we identified two different AD subtypes based on different lysosome gene expressions, preliminarily revealing that the heterogeneity of AD may be mainly caused by lysosomes. The role of lysosomes may be related to autophagy and synapses.
A novel sensor for antiviral drug Favipiravir in the treatment of COVID-19 designed by G/In 2 O 3 nanomaterial
Authors: Sanjeevagol Shaila , Manjanna Jayappa , Chaithra Rudrappa
Published: November 2022

The world health organization (WHO) declared that the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 constituted a public health emergency of international concern. Thus, accredited fevipiravir (FVP) was one of the potential drugs for the treatment of Covid-19 infected patients. Hence it is of interest to study the electrochemical behavior of FVP. We report the performance of a low-cost composite of graphene and indium oxide (G/In2O3) nanomaterial drop casted on pencil graphite electrode employed to detect FVP. The G/In2O3 was prepared by a simple precipitation method. The electrochemical study of FVP was carried out by using cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and chronoamperometry. The G/In2O3 modified electrode detects FVP well in Britton Robinson (BR) buffer pH of 7.2. The oxidation peak was observed at the potential range of 1.0 to 1.23 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The linear range detection limit was estimated to be 10 µl to 70 µl. The calculated sensitivity is 17.49 µA µM-1 cm-2 and the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were found to be 3.0nM and 10.0nM. The fabricated cost-effective G/In2O3 electroactive biosensor was effectively employed to regulate FAV in urine and tablet samples with adequate repossession. The proposed sensor offers good selectivity, sensitivity and long-term stability.
A statistical risk assessment model of hazard chain induced by landslide and its application to the Baige landslide
Authors: Yang Feng-Yuan , Zhuo Li , Xiao Ming-Li , Xie Hong-Qiang , Liu Huai-Zhong , He Jiang-Da
Published: November 2022

Landslides are usually caused by geological processes such as rainstorms or earthquakes and may have a massive impact on human production and life. The hazard chain of landslide-river blockage-outburst flood is the most common hazard chain caused by landslides. A database based on existing landslide cases was established in this paper to investigate the assessment formulas of river blocking risk, dam stability, and peak flood discharge after the dam break. A risk assessment model of the landslide-river blocking-breaching hazard chain was established with the vulnerability downstream. The case of the Baige landslide verifies the applicability of the model. This model can be used in a landslide-prone area to predict whether it will form a relatively massive river blockage after the landslide occurs, whether the landslide dam formed by river blockage will breach in a short time, as well as the impact of the outburst flood on the downstream area.
A numerical approach based on n-dimensional fractional Müntz-Legendre polynomials for solving fractional-order cohomological equations with variable coefficients
Authors: Nezhad Akbar Dehghan , Zeabadi Mina Moghaddam
Published: November 2022

This research presents a numerical approach to obtain the approximate solution of the n-dimensional co-homological equations of fractional order in continuous-time dynamical systems. For this purpose, the n-dimensional fractional Müntz-Legendre polynomials (or n-DFMLPs) are introduced. The operational matrix of the fractional Riemann-Liouville derivative is constructed by employing n-DFMLPs. Our method transforms the cohomological equation of fractional order into a system of algebraic equations. Therefore, the solution of that system of algebraic equations is the solution of the associated cohomological equation. The existence of solution for FCEs by means of classical fixed point theory is proven. Also, the stability of the approximate solution of the cohomological equation is checked with respect to a small perturbation of the function g(x). The error bound and convergence analysis of the applied method under the L2-norm is discussed. Some examples are considered and discussed to confirm the efficiency and accuracy of our method. The actual error is computed and compared for different values of k as the number of n-DFMLPs.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2020): 37C05, 35R11
Patterns of attentional biases in children and emotional symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: a two-wave longitudinal study
Authors: Zhang Qiaochu
Published: November 2022

Background. It is unknown how the patterns of negative and positive attentional biases in children predict fear of COVID-19, anxiety, and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study identified profiles of negative and positive attentional biases in children and examined their association with emotional symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Method. 322 children were involved in a two-wave longitudinal study. Children completed the self-report assessment of fear of COVID-19, anxiety, depression, and attention to positive and negative information in classrooms. After six months, they completed the second assessment of fear of COVID-19, anxiety, and depression in classrooms.
Results. Higher fear of COVID-19 was related to higher anxiety and depression throughout the assessment period. Three profiles of negative and positive attentional biases were revealed in children. Children with a “moderate positive and high negative attentional biases” profile had significantly higher fear of COVID-19 pandemic, anxiety, and depression than children with a “high positive and moderate negative attentional biases” profile. Children with a “low positive and negative attentional biases” profile were not significantly different in fear of COVID-19, anxiety, and depression than those with the other two profiles.
Conclusions. Patterns of negative and positive attentional biases were related to emotional symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. It might be important to consider children's overall patterns of negative and positive attentional biases to identify children at risk of higher emotional symptoms.
SC 2 R: Strategic cooperative cluster-based routing for Internet of Underwater Things
Authors: Gupta Swati , Singh Niraj Pratap
Published: November 2022

Oceanographic data gathering, pollution monitoring, offshore exploration, catastrophe avoidance, aided navigation, and tactical surveillance are all expected to benefit from the Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT). However, the viability of various applications in underwater scenarios is possible only if the routing among the sensor nodes employed is strategically optimized. This paper proposes Strategic Cooperative Routing for IoUT (SC2R) that employs a cooperative node for data collection from each Cluster-Head (CH). CH selection is done through the energy and distance parameters. The cooperative nodes are positioned on water surface, other nodes being placed in the underwater terrain. This cooperative routing helps in the data collection for the time-critical scenario as it avoids multi-hop communication among the sensor nodes underwater. Due to decreased number of hops of communication, the delay in data transmission is reduced. The simulation results illustrate the efficacy of the proposed routing technique in comparison to competitive algorithms. The proposed protocol outperforms state of art routing protocols in terms of Network Lifetime and End to End Delay (EED).
Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on carbon mineralization kinetics and microbial attributes in plant residue-amended soils
Authors: Ghalandari Yadollah , Shirvani Mehran
Published: November 2022

The widespread use of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) will inevitably enhance their discharge into soils, leading to serious concerns about their effects on soil microbial functions essential for sustaining environmental health. This study was designed to determine the impacts of different ZnO-NPs concentrations (100 − 1000 mg kg− 1 soil) on soil carbon (C) mineralization kinetics of soil amended with alfalfa hay and wheat straw. The microbial biomass C (MBC), basal respiration (BR), and metabolic quotient (qCO2) were also compared in the contaminated and control soil samples. The results showed that ZnO-NPs influenced the measured C mineralization criteria of the residue-amended soils, such as the total mineralized C and the C mineralization rates. The results of kinetic analysis using the double first-order model revealed that the addition ZnO-NPs increased the amount of C mineralized during the initial fast phase, while it reduced the C mineralization in the subsequent slow phase. The rate constants associated with the fast and the slow C mineralization phases were also differently affected by ZnO-NPs. Furthermore, the soil contaminated with ZnO-NPs had lower MBC and BR values compared to the uncontaminated soil, indicating that the size and activity of the soil microbial community were suppressed by ZnO-NPs. The qCO2 value increased in the ZnO-NPs contaminated soils, suggesting that the soil microbial community was subjected to toxicity stress by ZnO-NPs. In conclusion, ZnO-NPs can drastically influence the microbial abundance, maintenance energy demand, and C mineralization process in plant residue-amended calcareous soils.
Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity reveal the link between acute cadmium exposure and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Essa Marwa Ashraf , Ela Ezzat Ibrahim Aboul , Ibrahim Mohamed Abd El-Razik , Ibrahim Iman Hassan
Published: November 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
A Tunisian benchmark social media data set for COVID-19 sentiment analysis and sarcasm detection
Authors: Mekki Asma , Zribi Inès , Ellouze Mariem , Belguith Lamia Hadrich
Published: November 2022

The aim of this research is to better understand public perceptions of COVID-19 pandemic patterns and to identify key themes of concern expressed by Tunisian dialect social media users throughout the epidemic. We collected around 23K comments written in Tunisian dialect in both Arabic and Latin letters. These comments were manually annotated by native language experts for sentiment analysis (optimist, pessimist and neutral) and sarcasm detection (sarcastic and non-sarcastic). In addition to health, our data set includes comments relating to additional COVID-19-influenced thematic areas, such as entertainment, social, sports, religion and politics. This paper deals with an extensive analysis of the sentiments and sarcasm expressed in Tunisian social media comments about the novel COVID-19 since its release at the beginning of 2020. On the data set, we also report benchmarking results for sentiment analysis and sarcasm detection using machine learning and deep learning techniques. The best models achieved an accuracy of above 70% on both sentiment analysis and sarcasm detection.
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the Homeodomain–Leucine Zipper Family in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Under Abiotic Stress and in seed development
Authors: Zhang Yachun , Ge Jie , Huang Baosheng , Tong Liqi , Shu Yuanyuan , Qi Chaowei , Wang Xinyu , Yu Lingxiang , Luo Xiangbo , Song Zhaojian , Zhang Xianhua , Cai Detian , He Yuchi
Published: November 2022

The homeodomain–leucine zipper(HD-ZIP) gene family is involved in a variety of physiological processes in plants and plays a number of roles in rice. However, the analysis of this gene family in rice (Oryza sativa L.) is not comprehensive. The genome-wide characterization of HD-ZIP family was explored by using high-quality rice genome sequence combined with transcriptome. The HD-ZIP superfamily has four subfamilies in rice, including 31 HOX gene members in subfamilies I, II, and III, and nine rice outermost cell-specific gene (ROC) members in subfamily IV. Four subfamily members can interact with many reproductive and developmental related proteins, and subfamily II is regulated by miR396 family. We explored the expression patterns of HD-ZIPs in different rice tissues and analysis of high temperature and low temperature stress by RT-PCR showed that HD-ZIPs played an important role in the early stage of stress. The transcriptome results of diploid and tetraploid grains at different development stages showed that most HD-ZIP members were highly expressed in the early stage of grain development, and the expression of some members in tetraploid glumes was significantly higher than that in diploid glumes. These findings indicate the evolutionary process, characteristics and expression profile of HD-ZIP gene family in rice, and reveal their role in rice development and response to abiotic stress.
Removing Learning Barriers in Self-paced Online STEM Education
Authors: Yan Hongxin , Lin Fuhua , Kinshuk
Published: November 2022

Self-paced online learning provides great flexibility for learning, yet it brings some inherent learning barriers because of the nature of this educational paradigm. This review paper suggests some corresponding strategies to address these barriers in order to create a more supportive self-paced online learning environment. These strategies include a) increasing students’ self-awareness of learning, b) identifying struggling students, and c) facilitating mastery learning.Focusing on Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) disciplines’ delivery of self-paced online learning, this paper reviewed the role of formative assessment for learning. It is proposed that systematically designing and embedding adaptive practicing in STEM courses would be an effective learning design solution to implement these strategies. By examining the goals and context of adaptive practicing requested in this study, the feature requirements are depicted for such an adaptive practicing model. The models and techniques that can be used for adaptive assessment were then reviewed. Based on the review results, this paper argues that a reinforcement learning-based adaptive practicing model would be the best option to meet those feature requirements. Finally, we point out a research gap in this field and suggest a future research direction for ourselves and other researchers.
Mediating impact of innovative behavior on the relationship between training and turnover intention: A case study of the hospitality industry in Jordan
Authors: Maqableh Omar , Supian Mohammad Nor Che , Helalat Abdullah
Published: November 2022

This study aims to examine the employee intention to leave their organizations and discover how employee training could affect employee turnover intention. Furthermore, this paper intends to determine the relationship between the variables to present the idea of the impact of training on the ability of organizations to retain their employees. The research hypotheses were tested using the data obtained through a questionnaire. The sample included 160 employees working in 20 Jordanian five-star hotels in Amman, Jordan. The collected data were analyzed using the Smart-PLS software, where all necessary statistical techniques were applied. The results showed that training significantly affects the employees’ intention to leave their jobs. Moreover, the findings indicated that innovative behavior positively mediates the relationship between training and turnover intention. This requires human resource managers in this category of hotels to enhance investment in training and continue to hold training programs that meet the real needs of employees in addition to providing an environment that stimulates and enhances the innovative behavior of employees in the hospitality sector.
Experimental studies on the effects of coagulation and adsorption as a pretreatment process on the microfiltration of oily wastewater
Authors: Shafiei Niloufar Lashkari , Zokaee Ashtiani Farzin , Fouladitajar Amir
Published: November 2022

To improve the performance of the membrane process in the treatment of oily wastewater, the combined effects of pretreatment, membrane modification, and optimization of operating parameters on the microfiltration membrane system were investigated. First, coagulation and adsorption were used as pretreatment steps. Polyaluminium chloride and ferric chloride were employed as coagulants, and granular activated carbon was used as an adsorbent. In the optimal coagulation condition (1 g/L polyaluminium chloride, pH 7.5), chemical oxygen demand (COD) was reduced by 96%, while in the optimal adsorption condition, in which large amounts of activated carbon were utilized, 48% of COD was eliminated. A membrane of polyethersulfone containing SiO2-g-polymethacrylic acid (PMAA) nanoparticles was then prepared by the non-solvent-induced phase separation method. To reduce fouling and increase the flux of the membrane, the SiO2 nanoparticles were first activated with amine groups and then PMAA was grafted onto the surface of the particles. Subsequently, the operating parameters were studied to optimize the performance of the polyethersulfone (PES)/SiO2-g-PMAA membrane using the response surface methodology (RSM) method. The results indicated that the flux of the modified membrane for pretreated wastewater was 72.2% higher than that of the PES membrane and non-pretreated wastewater at an optimum pressure of 2 bar and a flow rate of 3.5 L/min.
ANÁLISE DA MORTALIDADE POR SUICÍDIO NO ESTADO DE PERNAMBUCO
Authors: Lopes de França Lima Patrícia , Tatiane Alves da Silva Maria , Lissandra Lopes de França Lima Niédja , Thiago Pereira de Lima Ewerton , Tamires Alves da Silva Daniela , Teixeira de Souza Maia Livia
Published: November 2022

Introdução: O suicídio se caracteriza como um ato consciente de cessação da sua própria vida, sendo um problema de saúde pública. Objetivo: Analisar a mortalidade por suicídio no estado de Pernambuco, no período de 2010 a 2019. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e ecológico, com uma abordagem quantitativa. Foram utilizados dados secundários disponibilizados no Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade e no Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística.  O estudo calculou a Taxa de Mortalidade por Suicídio e considerou as seguintes variáveis: ano do óbito, localização geográfica, sexo, faixa etária e raça/cor. O processamento e análise dos dados ocorreram com auxílio das planilhas eletrônicas do Excel e do software SIG QGIS 3.16, sendo utilizadas medidas de frequência absolutas e relativas e apresentados em tabelas, figuras e mapa temático. Resultados: Nos últimos anos, Pernambuco vem apresentando uma tendência crescente na mortalidade por suicídio, se destacando a prevalência na população masculina (77,33%), na faixa etária de 20 a 39 anos (40,95%) e na população negra (79,26%). Em relação a distribuição geográfica das taxas médias, o estado apresentou diferenças, destacando-se a Região de Saúde IX (Serra Talhada), seguida por Região de Saúde V (Garanhuns), Região de Saúde VII (Salgueiro) e Região de Saúde IX (Oricuri). Conclusões: A análise da mortalidade por suicídio foi importante para a construção do perfil das vítimas, possibilitando a identificação dos grupos vulneráveis e direcionando as intervenções. Além disso, destaca-se a importância da implementação e aprimoramento das políticas públicas voltadas para a prevenção do suicídio.
RELEVÂNCIA DA DEAMBULAÇÃO PRECOCE NO TEMPO DE INTERNAÇÃO HOSPITALAR DE PACIENTES IDOSOS
Authors: Yara Silva Santos Wellen , Do Nascimento Silva Renan , Cardoso Magalhães Medeiros Patrícia , Dos Santos Rodrigues Érica , Carneiro Alves Pereira Mayane , Fontenele da Silva Araújo Genecy , Barreto Cavalcante Victor
Published: November 2022

Introdução: No Brasil, a população considerada idosa representa a faixa etária que mais utiliza os serviços hospitalares. Mesmo sendo um importante recurso, a admissão hospitalar frequente ou por um tempo prolongado, pode gerar comprometimentos funcionais a este público. A prática da reabilitação precoce contribui para minimizar e prevenir estes impactos deletérios do imobilismo, favorecer a capacidade funcional, diminuindo o tempo de hospitalização além de promover qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Observar a relevância da mobilização precoce em idosos, bem como os prejuízos acarretados pelo imobilismo durante internação hospitalar. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa com busca online nas bases de dados PEDro, PUBMED, MEDLINE, LILCAS e SciELO, os descritores foram: mobilização precoce, imobilismo e idosos e seus respectivos em língua inglesa, foram selecionados artigos publicados entre os anos de 2016 a 2020, em língua portuguesa e estrangeira. Resultados: Foram selecionados cinco artigos para a discussão, sendo utilizado a deambulação precoce de precisão como limiar de segurança para reabilitação cardíaca; avaliou-se a influência da reabilitação precoce e terapia de reabilitação em pacientes com mais de 72 horas de ventilação mecânica prolongada; observou-se a intensificação da fisioterapia pós-operatória, com exercícios de respiração profunda e mobilização precoce; avaliou-se a reabilitação domiciliar interdisciplinar geriátrica em idosos com fratura de quadril poderia melhorar a capacidade de locomoção e reduzir tempo de internação pós-operatória. Os achados discutidos entre os autores, apontam com unanimidade a aprovação da deambulação e mobilização precoce. Conclusões: A mobilização precoce mostrou-se eficaz tanto nos pacientes em atendimento hospitalar como no ambiente domiciliar, reduzindo significativamente os prejuízos ocasionados pelo imobilismo.
Optimal Route Selection of Offshore Pipelines Subjected to Submarine Landslides
Authors: Makrakis Nikolaos , Psarropoulos Prodromos N. , Chatzidakis Dionysios , Tsompanakis Yiannis
Published: November 2022

Background:

Offshore lifelines (i.e., pipelines and cables) are usually vulnerable to seabed deformations induced by earthquake-triggered geohazards, such as submarine landslides, soil liquefaction, and tectonic faulting. Since the complete avoidance of all areas characterized by offshore geohazards is not always techno-economically feasible, optimal lifeline route selection is deemed necessary for the safety and serviceability of every such infrastructure, in order to minimize the risk of severe environmental and economic consequences.

Objective:

The current study presents a decision-support tool for the design of offshore high-pressure gas pipelines, capable of performing: (a) the assessment of submarine landslides along a possible pipeline route (i.e., impact force and landslide width), (b) the assessment of their potential impact on the pipeline (i.e., pipeline strains), and (c) the optimal pipeline route selection.

Methods:

The advanced capabilities of GIS in lifeline optimal route selection are successfully combined with efficient (semi-)analytical models that realistically assess the response of offshore pipelines when subjected to axial or oblique loading conditions due to a submarine landslide.

Results:

The efficiency of the smart tool is presented through a case study of an offshore pipeline that is crossing potentially unstable slopes -under static and seismic conditions- in the Adriatic Sea. Five alternative routings are proposed based on the adopted design criteria when crossing the seismically unstable slopes and zones characterized by steep inclination.

Conclusion:

Provided that sufficient and reliable data are available, the developed decision-support tool can be efficiently used for deriving the potentially optimal route of an offshore pipeline.
Bioactive Compounds from Algae: Potential Applications
Authors: Jayappriyan K.R. , Kurinjimalar C. , Kaviraj M. , Vijayakumar M. , Rajkumar R. , Raja Rathinam
Published: November 2022

Algae are ancient oxygen-producing photosynthetic organism that lives in water bodies all over the world. The algal biodiversity in the aquatic ecosystem represents a new field of product discovery with the potential to manage human ailments. They are untapped resources, and in recent years, algal culture technology has been a business-oriented field owing to its diverse applications. The consumption of algae is traditional in human diets and dates back thousand years ago. The recent increasing algal demand is due to its safety and functional benefits. Algae are an edible source of food with potential therapeutic activities of anti-oxidant, antiobesity, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-viral, antifungal, and antibacterial properties, which could be employed as medical ailments. Different types of algalderived bioactive compounds in a biological system are evidenced by in vitro and in vivo examinations. Raw algae or its compound are under a pipeline of market production due to their cultivable nature, which actually paves the way to generate larger business in the food and nutraceutical industry. This chapter summarizes several algal bioactive compounds with proven activities against metabolic disorders.
Probiotics and Algal Functional Food
Authors: Ismail Mona M.
Published: November 2022

The aim of this work is to explain the probiotic activity of algae and the role
of their bioactive compounds as a dietary supplement for promoting growth and disease
resistance. Micro- and macroalgae are good alternatives to chemical probiotics because
they contain important and safe functional components such as polysaccharides, fatty
acids, pigment and proteins, which are considered an extraordinary source of prebiotics
with health benefits and enhance healthy colonic microbiota composition. Recently,
algae and their extracts have been employed in ingestion systems, simulating the
human colon, or animal models. Especially, macroalgae and their polysaccharides have
been used for decades to improve human health depending on saccharolytic
fermentation by the gut microbiota. Generally, the addition of algae leads to enhance
the viability of probiotic bacteria, the acidity of food, and storage quality and,
consequently, prevent certain human diseases. Therefore, further investigations should
be done for screening and identifying putative prebiotic compounds from algae via the
host organism's identification, which utilizes algal bioactive metabolites produced.
There will be a need for increasing algae production to replace or supplement the
intake of plant foods of terrestrial origin.
The Relationship between Increased Transaminase Enzyme Levels on Severity and Mortality of COVID-19 Patients treated at RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang
Authors: Supriono  , Zerlinda Mustamsir Nadina
Published: November 2022

Background: The involvement of the liver in COVID-19 is not yet well understood, but several studies have suggested an association between elevated liver transaminases and the severity and mortality of COVID-19.
Aim: This study aims to analyze the liver enzyme profiles of COVID-19 patients and determine the correlation between the severity of COVID-19 with the risk of mortality.
Methods: The study was an observational study with case-control analysis. It was conducted between August 1, 2020, and October 31, 2020. The samples were collected consecutively based on the order of hospitalized research subjects in RSUD dr. Saiful Anwar Malang, East Java, Indonesia and were handed by the department of internal medicine. RT-PCR was used to confirm the diagnosis of COVID-19. The collected and grouped data was presented in tabulated form, and statistical analysis was carried out using a non-parametric analysis test with the Chi-Square Test method.
Results: The study found that 51.4% of patients had elevated AST (Aspartate transaminase) levels, and 41.8% had elevated ALT (alanine aminotransferase) levels. AST and ALT data showed the severity and mortality variable's probability value (p-value) was < 0.005.
Conclusion: This study's results indicated a significant relationship between increased transaminase enzymes with the severity and mortality rate of COVID-19 patients.
Body Fluid Biopsy: A New Paradigm in Early Diagnosis and Success Monitoring of Colorectal Cancer Therapy
Authors: Luminturahardjo Winarko
Published: November 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a type of cancer with a high prevalence of 10.2% and ranks third highest in the world with the second highest mortality rate.  In Indonesia, CRC is the 4th most common type of cancer, with a prevalence of 9.88%. Up to now, the definitive diagnosis of CRC colon biopsy using a colonoscopy, which is very invasive, relatively expensive, and requires an expert to do it. Liquid biopsy is one of the breakthroughs in the field of CRC that can be used for screening and early diagnosis and assessing the prognosis and response to treatment. Liquid biopsy has advantages over tissue biopsy. Some of the materials that can be texted from a liquid biopsy are: circulating cell tumors (CTCs), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), circulating tumor RNA (ctRNA), proteins, metabolites, and exosomes. Exosomes are microvesicles that are released from tumor cells to target cells and contain a lot of cancer genetic information, such as microRNAs, lncRNAs, mRNAs and proteins. Through this article, the author would like to describe the potential of CRC test using liquid biopsy which has almost never been studied and used as a potential biomarker in Indonesia.
COVID-19 Mortality Characteristics During First to Third Pandemic Wave in Malang
Authors: Indiastari Dewi , Samsu Nur , Candradikusuma Didi , Budiarti Niniek , Sutanto Heri , Fatma Siti
Published: November 2022

Background: The epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 has spread worldwide for about one and half years, including in Indonesia, with several peaks in cases and mortality rates. A descriptive pattern of Covid 19 inpatients in Saiful Anwar General Hospital Malang needed to improve health service quality and reduce mortality rates. 

Aim: Determine the descriptive pattern of inpatients Covid 19 in the internal medicine ward in Saiful Anwar General Hospital from March 2020 until February 2022.

Methods: This descriptive study was conducted from March 2020 to July 2021 and used convenience sampling due to sample availability. A total of 137 hospitalized patients in December 2020, 387 in July 2021, and 113 in February 2022 patients were included with information about age, sex, medical diagnosis, comorbid, and outcome, which was obtained from medical records. Descriptive analysis was used to explore frequency distribution and analysis.

Results: We found several factors associated with the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 cases. Overall, these results emphasize the role of comorbidity as a possible driver of the COVID‑19 case fatality rate.

Conclusion:  In the three waves of Covid 19 in Indonesia, the highest case fatality rate was during the Delta variant in July 2021, where more factors significantly affected case mortality.
Cardiovascular Rehabilitation in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Lavi Novita , Tjahjono Cholid , Sasiarini Laksmi
Published: November 2022

A hazard to global health is being posed by diabetes mellitus (DM). Macrovascular and microvascular abnormalities in blood vessels are one type of DM complication that might happen. In most cases, blood arteries, the brain, and the heart are affected by macrovascular problems. Obesity is well-known to have a substantial significant risk factor for coronary heart disease on its own (CHD). As a result, many persons with DM have a 2 to 4 times higher risk of dying from CHD than those without DM. In fact, different goal parameters (such glucose management, blood pressure, cholesterol status, or body composition) can improve with exercise training to varying degrees in each patient; here is where cardiovascular rehabilitation can help. To attain the best results, the type and intensity of exercise training must be tailored to the unique characteristics of each patient. The clinician's challenge is to teach the patient the skills necessary to maintain lifestyle modifications and to explain the relationship between exercise and blood sugar, BG goal ranges, and the types and amounts of activity that can be done safely.
Studi Kelayakan Finansial Pada Proyek Apartemen Bintaro Plaza – Breeze Tower
Authors:   Universitas Gunadarma, Hidayat Putri Agustina , Tenriajeng Andi Tenrisukki ,   Universitas Gunadarma
Published: November 2022

The importance of feasibility study research, especially in the financial feasibility of apartment construction, is needed to assess the feasibility of the project. The criteria for financial analysis are NPV, IRR, BCR and PP, then a sensitivity analysis is carried out. The results of the feasibility analysis stated that it was feasible to show the NPV value of Rp. 125,590,204,257, the IRR value was 34.804% which was greater than the MARR value of 11.29%, BCR was 1.596 and PP was 2.36. The calculation of the sensitivity analysis shows that the project is declared feasible if the increase in investment is â‰¤ 50.852%, the decrease in selling rates is â‰¤ 27.407% and the decrease in income is â‰¤ 24.995%.
Experimental Study of Flexural Strength (Out Of Plane) on Wall Panel By Using Autoclaved Aerated Concrete And Bamboo Reinforcement
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Jannah Miftakhul , Dewi Sri Murni ,   Universitas Brawijaya, Suseno Hendro ,   Universitas Brawijaya
Published: November 2022

The use of wall panels in the construction sector is tremendously familiar, because the implementation process is faster and more efficient. However, concrete wall panels are considered quite heavy, so that in this research will be discussed to learn more about wall panels by utilizing AAC lightweight bricks and bamboo reinforcement to reduce the panel's own weight without reducing its structural strength. In this present study, the specimen was made with a scale model to be tested for flexural capacity when receiving out of plane loads. Based on the research results, there were differences in the characteristics between AAC panels and ordinary reinforced concrete panels so that the flexural strength test with out of plane loading, AAC panels have increased flexural capacity more than ordinary reinforced concrete panels.
BACKPACKER TOURISM CIRCUIT IN KOTA KINABALU, SABAH
Authors: Mapjabil Jabil , Johnes Johan , Abdul Latip Normah
Published: November 2022

Kota Kinabalu is a well-known tourist destination in the Malaysian state of Sabah. This city serves as the beginning point for the majority of the Sabah state's tourism circuits. This research is focused on the backpacker tourist circuit of Kota Kinabalu. Furthermore, this study involves an analysis of backpacker tourist locations that may be promoted into visiting the various destinations in Sabah via tourist circuits. The study design employed is a survey approach with quantitative approaches as research tools. In this study, a total of 228 backpackers in Kota Kinabalu responded to the questionnaire. The study only involved backpackers originating from countries in continental Europe, North and South America and Oceania. ArcMap 10.8 was used to map the circuit that was discovered during the data processing. The study's findings revealed that the backpackers' tourist circuit in Kota Kinabalu is limited and significantly impacted by prominent attractions visited by mass tourists. This research also shows that there are several acceptable tourist locations in Kota Kinabalu's backpacker tourist circuit that may be grouped according to certain themes like cuisine tourism, educational tourism, ecotourism, mountaineering or hill climbing tourism. Overall, Kota Kinabalu's tourist sector offers tremendous growth potential for backpacker tourism, which may become the mainstay of the industry. As a result, the government and other stakeholders must do more to boost backpacker tourism in Kota Kinabalu.
TWELFTH MALAYSIA PLAN: PROSPECTIVE IMPACTS ON URBAN AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Abdullah Jamalunlaili , Zanudin Khalid , Marzukhi Marlyana Azyyati
Published: November 2022

The Malaysia Plan is a five-year development plan that comprises policies and strategies to guide the government to achieve desired economic and socioeconomic goals. The first Malaysia Plan started in 1966 following the inclusion of Sabah and Sarawak in 1963, followed by consecutive plans until the present 12th Malaysia Plan (RMK12, 2021–2025). The last ten years have shown a significant shift by the Malaysian government in emphasising the importance of urban and regional planning in shaping the national development policies and strategies. This paper analyses policies and strategic projects proposed in RMK12 that relate to urban and regional development and their likely impacts on the spatial development of the nation. The present study employs conventional content analysis as its main method. In addition, RMK12 policies and strategic projects are linked to the thrusts of Rancangan Fizikal Negara 4 (RFN4) and the principles of Dasar Perbandaran Negara 2 (DPN2). The findings demonstrated existing links between the policies and strategic projects of RMK12 and the thrusts of RFN4 and the principles of DPN2. Additionally, the spatial focus of RMK12 projects on the Klang Valley and Sabah and Sarawak indicates the government’s commitment to leverage the economic potential of cities and the need to reduce regional development disparity between Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah and Sarawak. The findings will assist stakeholders in better understanding the implications and significance of the policies and strategic projects highlighted in RMK12 for Malaysian urban and regional development, and will thus drive the country toward achieving sustainable and inclusive development.
AN ANALYTICAL PERSPECTIVE OF RESIDENTS’ VIEW ON THE PROVISION OF RECREATIONAL FACILITIES USING WARP-PLS
Authors: Wash Peter Musa , Omar Shida Irwana , Isa Mohd Ismail
Published: November 2022

Recreational facilities are among the vital services that aid in the development of a community, but its provision is complex. Hence, the need for the involvement of residents in the provision processes. This paper aims to examine the residents’ view of the provision of recreational facilities in the Greater Jos metropolis of Nigeria. The data were collected from the field survey and analysed empirically. The partial least squares structural equation modelling technique was applied in analysing the responses. The results show that the provision has a significant positive effect on the relationship between appropriateness and stakeholders' involvement. In contrast, the provision had a significant negative effect on the relationship between accessibility indicators. Accessibility does not affect the relationship with the provision of recreational facilities. In conclusion, it has been determined that the relationship between the provision is stronger with the appropriateness in terms of categories and attractiveness of the facilities.
BUILDING CODES IN RURAL AREAS OF PAKISTAN
Authors: Usman Zahid , Asmawi Zainora , Mohd Ariffin Noor Aziah
Published: November 2022

Building codes are an established strategy for ensuring safe and hygienic construction. These codes' development, adoption by the local councils, enforcement, and cyclic improvement are all substantial in a resilient built environment. Illustriously, the literature review indicates lacunas in building codes in Pakistan, especially in rural areas. The natural disasters and evident climate change in Pakistan are significant threats to Pakistan's built environment. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of building codes, the challenges faced by building codes, and the venues for improvement for code compliance in rural areas of Pakistan. A qualitative approach was adopted by developing a survey instrument targeting the randomly selected built environment professionals. The responses were analyzed using SPSS V24 for reliability and triangulation of the observed variables and leading constructs. The study's findings demonstrate that the development of building codes, their adoption and enforcement by the local councils, and monitoring need improvement. Furthermore, the study findings suggest that the inclusivity of architects, planners, and code officials in the development of building codes has the ability to bring resilience to the built environment in rural areas of Pakistan.