bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perspective of Women about Her Body after Hysterectomy
Authors: Alshawish Eman
Published: November 2020

Hysterectomy is the most common major gynecological operation in worldwide and Arabic countries. However, the psychological, physical and sexual consequences of hysterectomy are conflicting and the findings are mixed. While, some studies report that patients have experience greater improvement in their mental health, sexual desire and overall satisfaction. Others show that patients report various negative outcomes, with detrimental effects on sexual functioning being the main concern. My previous study demonstrated that hysterectomy had significantly negative effects on patients’ body image, self-esteem, and identified common meanings and themes associated with hysterectomy stressors, which includes difficulties or limitations in physical and psychological aspects perceived by patients after hysterectomy. In this chapter, author will expand that discuss in details the different factors that influence the perspective of women about body after hysterectomy. Mainly, author will focus on religious, cultural, and psycho-social aspects. All of these factors are interacting with health status of women and effect the situation and productivity of women in her family and culture. Different strategy need to be adopted in order to overcome this problem using evidence and analysis of our Arabic culture and structure. Recommendation of study to health care profession as physician, nurses, midwives and other health care provider to be aware of these potential problematic issues in order to provide a competent health care for women based of her needs.
Comparing Growth and Development of Low and Normal Birth Weight Children at Age of 60 Months
Authors: Maharlouei Najmeh , Farhangian Sogand , Raeisi Shahraki Hadi , Rezaianzadeh Abbas , Bagheri Lankarani Kamran
Published: November 2020

Background: Low birth weight (LBW < 2500 g) is one of the most serious problems in today’s world. It is also a predictor for mortality and stunting. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the growth and development at the age of 60 months between children born with low and normal birth weight in Shiraz, Iran. Methods: This study is part of the Fars birth cohort (FBC) study with the data of children who were born in 2011. We called mothers and asked them to bring their children to the FBC clinic for further evaluation. We also determined the level of development at the age of 60 months for each child by using the Ages and Stages questionnaire (ASQ) for the children. Results: Of the children, 304 (51.4%) were girls. Most of them had normal birth weight (93.2%), had exclusive breastfeeding for five to six months (79.9%), and did not have any chronic diseases (77.8%). Growth indices at the age of 60 months were significantly higher in children with normal birth weight than in their LBW peers (P < 0.001). However, we found no significant difference in children’s development at the age of 60 months between normal and low birth weight children. Conclusions: Although growth indices of children at the age of 60 months were higher in children with normal birth weight, we found no significant difference in children’s development at the age of 60 months between normal and low birth weight children.
Habilidade de leitura em alunos com TEA da rede pública de ensino do município de Curitiba/PR
Authors: Perim Karize Younes Barberini , Rocha Marina Monzani da
Published: November 2020

Considerando que a aprendizagem das habilidades de leitura tem funções significativas na vida dos indivíduos, tais habilidades foram investigadas dentre alunos com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA), matriculados no Ensino Fundamental I, em escolas públicas do município de Curitiba. Participaram da pesquisa exploratória transversal 40 crianças (8 a 12 anos) e seus respectivos pais ou responsáveis. Ter o diagnóstico de TEA registrado na secretaria de educação e confirmado pela escala ABC, frequência escolar de pelo menos 70% dos dias letivos e estar em sala de recursos foram os critérios de inclusão. Os alunos realizaram a Prova de Avaliação dos Processos de Leitura (PROLEC) e os pais responderam a um questionário para caracterização da criança e da família. Os resultados confirmam que crianças com TEA apresentam dificuldades no desenvolvimento de habilidades de leitura. Pontuação abaixo da média das crianças que possuem habilidades normais de leitura foram encontradas para todos os anos escolares, especialmente nas provas que exigiam compreensão do texto. Isso sugere que os alunos com TEA desenvolvem mais facilmente a memorização das letras e palavras do que a compreensão do significado delas, bem como dos significados das orações compostas com essas palavras. Entretanto, alguns alunos atingiram resultados semelhantes aos da amostra normativa da PROLEC, especialmente os mais velhos. Não foi encontrada diferença em função do nível socioeconômico dos participantes. As dificuldades no desenvolvimento de habilidades de leitura apresentadas pelas crianças com TEA indicam a necessidade de organização pedagógica feita pelos professores, para favorecer as habilidades e competências individuais.
Caminhos para a formulação de uma política pública de acompanhamento de egressos do ensino superior
Authors: Simon Lilian Wrzesinski , Pacheco Andressa Sasaki Vasques
Published: November 2020

O acompanhamento de egressos fornece uma série de mecanismos para elevar a qualidade do ensino superior ao conectar a universidade com as demandas da sociedade e do mundo do trabalho. Neste artigo apresenta-se o acompanhamento de egressos do ensino superior, visando a sua identificação como uma política pública de avaliação educacional. Os marcos regulatórios da educação superior, associados às experiências internacionais de acompanhamento de graduados e às práticas institucionais adotadas em universidades brasileiras, evidenciam que o acompanhamento de egressos ainda precisa ser consolidado como instrumento de avaliação institucional. Para a sua concretização necessita-se o envolvimento dos gestores e das instâncias governamentais do segmento educacional.Palavras-chave: egressos; educação superior; avaliação institucional.
A relation of serum homocysteine and uric acid in Bosnian diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Marković-Boras Marijana , Čaušević Adlija , Ćurlin Marina
Published: November 2020

Background: Coronary artery disease as a consequence of atherosclerosis is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients. Homocysteine (HCY), as one of the risk factors, and uric acid (UA) as the most common antioxidant in serum have their roles in the processes of inflammation and atherogenesis, which underlie the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The effect of HCY in cardiovascular disease is thought to be manifested primarily through oxidative damage, implying a potential correlation between the HCY level and antioxidant status. Since the data related to the diagnostic significance of both HCY and UA in diabetic patients with AMI are conflicting, and so far not reported in Bosnian patients, this research aimed to examine the association of HCY and UA levels with glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and explore the pathophysiological significance of these data in Bosnian diabetic patients with AMI. Methods: This prospective research included 52 DM type 2 patients diagnosed with AMI. Blood samples were taken on admission and used for biochemical analysis. Results of the biochemical analyses were statistically analysed. Results: Elevated HCY and UA levels were observed in diabetic patients. Females have higher HCY compared to males. A positive correlation was revealed between HCY and UA and was confirmed with different HCY levels in subgroups with different UA level. A negative correlation was observed between UA and HbA1c, as well as between both HCY and UA with eGFR. Conclusions: These results contribute to the clarification of the biochemical mechanisms characteristic in AMI patients with DM. According to these results, we believe that joint measurement of HCY and UA could enable a better assessment of the prognosis for this group of patients. This kind of assessment, as well as regression analysis, can identify high-risk patients at an earlier stage when appropriate interventions can influence a better outcome in such patients.
Opredelitev napovednih dejavnikov za oceno stopnje alergijske reakcije po piku čebele in ose pri odraslih – sistematični pregled literature
Authors: Perčič Simona , Kukec Andreja , Košnik Mitja
Published: November 2020

Izhodišča: Trenutno dosegljivi testi za razlikovanje med asimptomatsko senzibilizacijo in klinično relevantno alergijo za strupe žuželk niso zanesljivi. Namen našega članka je opredeliti: a) možne napovedne dejavnike, ki so jih navedli raziskovalci pregledanih raziskav, in b) napovedne dejavnike, ki igrajo pomembno vlogo pri opredelitvi poteka hude sistemske ali blažje lokalne reakcije pri senzibiliziranih bolnikih za pik ose ali čebele.

Metode: Sistematični pregled literature obdobje do 31. 12. 2017 temelji v bibliografski bazi Pub Med. V sistematični pregled smo vključili epidemiološke raziskave, v katerih so raziskovalci proučevali možne napovedne dejavnike za opredelitev odgovora alergičnih bolnikov za strup čebele ali ose s težko sistemsko ali lokalno reakcijo.

Rezultati: V sistematični pregled je bilo vključenih 16 izvirnih raziskav. Analiza je osvetlila prevalenco alergijskih bolezni, težko lokalno reakcijo ter sistemsko reakcijo po piku žuželk, kot so osa, sršen in čebela. Nakazujejo se tudi pomembni dejavniki tveganja za razvoj težke alergijske reakcije po piku, ki jih moramo upoštevati pri napovedi izida nadaljnjega zdravljenja.

Zaključki: Raziskav na temo napovednih dejavnikov za težko alergijsko reakcijo za pik čebele in ose je malo. Pri nadaljnjem raziskovanju napovednih dejavnikov je treba uporabiti interdisciplinarni pristop, ki bo vključeval strokovnjake s področja klinične in javnozdravstvene medicine.
Prebavna cev in srčno-žilne bolezni – ali imajo kaj skupnega?
Authors: Skok Pavel , Skok Kristijan
Published: November 2020

Človeška črevesna mikrobiota je združba bakterij, arhej, gliv, virusov in parazitov, ki v prebavni cevi tvorijo ekosistem, sestavljen iz približno 1014 mikroorganizmov. Raznolikost te združbe je posledica razlik v genomu gostitelja in vplivu okoljskih dejavnikov, med katere sodijo higiena, prehrana, življenjski slog in uporaba različnih zdravil. Rezultati raziskovalnega dela v zadnjem desetletju so potrdili, da spremenjena sestava mikrobiote (disbioza) prispeva k razvoju različnih bolezni, vključno s srčno-žilnimi, sladkorno boleznijo tipa 2, kronično boleznijo ledvic, nealkoholno zamaščenostjo jeter (NASH), kronično vnetno črevesno boleznijo in celo nekaterimi vrstami raka. V prispevku avtorja predstavita nekaj sodobnih spoznanj o raznoliki sestavi človeške črevesne mikrobiote, diagnostičnih postopkih in nekaterih patofizioloških mehanizmih, ki vplivajo na razvoj srčno-žilnih bolezni.
Kronik
Authors: Leergaard Joan
Published: November 2020

Indhold: Arkiv for Dansk Litteratur på nettet; Nye udvalg lægger strategi for bevaring af dansk kulturarv; DEF-fagportal om historie og arkæologi i støbeskeen; Lov om pligtaflevering af musikalier fylder 100 år; Websiden www.kb.dk vinder nordisk pris; Det Kongelige Biblioteks byggeri på Amager vinder international pris; Udstillinger; Kulturbevaring på Det Kongelige Bibliotek; Verden set på ny. Fotografi og maler­kunst i Danmark 1840 — 1900; Besøg og arrangementer; Prins Joachim besøgte den 26. februar Diamanten; Erhvervelser;
Business Models of “New Cooperativism” Organizations as an Instrument of Sustainable Development Stimulation
Authors: Zawiślak Paweł
Published: November 2020

Purpose: The article presents business models developed in organizations of the “new cooperativism” trend, whose application leads to a bottom-up solution of important social problems at the local level and, in a broader perspective, stimulation of sustainable development. Methodology: The adopted methodology uses a qualitative approach. The research was conducted in the form of case studies of four organizations following “new cooperativism,” based on in-depth interviews, observations, and analyses of organizational documents and various types of publicly available materials. Findings: The study showed that “new cooperativism” organizations use in their business models the old practices developed by classical cooperatives, which work well in today’s conditions and have the potential to provide a positive impact on important socioeconomic dysfunctions, which can be fully implemented through modern technologies. Research Limitations: The limitations typical of the case study method entail the uncertainty of results replication, which disallows their broad generalization. However, the obtained results indicate the need to conduct a scientific diagnosis of emerging collaborative grassroots organizations and the importance of their participation in the three-sector economic concept of the state. Originality: The article and its conclusions are based on empirical research of the practical effectiveness of business models used in organizations of the “new cooperativism” trend.
Alternating directions parallel hybrid memory iGRM direct solver for non-stationary simulations
Authors: Woźniak Maciej , Bukowska Anna Janina
Published: November 2020

The three-dimensional isogeometric analysis (IGA-FEM) is a modern method for simulation. The idea is to utilize B-splines or NURBS basis functions for both computational domain descriptions and the engineering computations. Refined isogeometric analysis (rIGA) employs a mixture of patches of elements with B-spline basis functions, and $C^0$ separators between them. It enables a reduction of the computational cost of direct solvers. Both IGA and rIGA come with challenging sparse matrix structure, that is expensive to generate. In this paper, we show a hybrid parallelization method to reduce the computational cost of the integration phase using hybrid-memory parallel machines. The two-level parallelization includes the partitioning of the computational mesh into sub-domains on the first level (MPI), and loop parallelization on the second level (OpenMP). We show that hybrid parallelization of the integration reduces the contribution of this phase significantly. Thus, alternative algorithms for fast isogeometric integration are not necessary.
Fatter or Fitter? On rewarding and training in a contest
Authors: Clark Derek , Nilssen Tore
Published: November 2020

Competition between heterogeneous participants often leads to low effort provision in contests. We consider a principal who can divide her fixed budget between skill-enhancing training and the contest prize. Training can reduce heterogeneity, which increases effort. But it also reduces the contest prize, which makes effort fall. We set up an incomplete-information contest with heterogeneous players and show how this trade-off is related to the size of the budget when the principal maximizes expected effort. A selection problem can also arise in this framework in which there is a cost associated with a contest win by the inferior player. This gives the principal a larger incentive to train the expected laggard, reducing the size of the prize on offer.
COVID-19 en pacientes en hemodiálisis en Colombia: reporte de siete casos
Authors: Aroca Gustavo , Vélez-Verbel María , Cadena Andrés , Avendaño Lil Geraldine , Hernández Sandra , Sierra Angélica , Cabarcas Omar , Depine Santos Ángel
Published: November 2020

A finales del 2019 se inició en Wuhan, China, el brote de un nuevo coronavirus que se dispersó por todo el mundo infectando y cobrando miles de vidas. Se ha encontrado que ciertas comorbilidades constituyen factores de riesgo para resultados poco satisfactorios de la enfermedad, pero es poco lo que se ha descrito sobre pacientes en hemodiálisis, a pesar de tratarse de una población de alto riesgo de infección, complicaciones y muerte.En este artículo se describe el curso clínico, las manifestaciones clínicas y las complicaciones de la COVID-19 en siete pacientes en hemodiálisis permanente y se hacen recomendaciones para el manejo de pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica.
Epidemiología del autocuidado más allá de lo individual y lo sanitario
Authors: Moreno-Montoya José
Published: November 2020

En medio de la crisis pandémica a nivel global, la preocupación internacional ha girado en torno a la adopción de medidas de control y prevención orientadas a la reducción de la velocidad de propagación del virus en espera de que se disponga de una medida sanitaria radical como la vacuna. El esfuerzo gubernamental y social ha tenido un gran impacto en diversos sectores de la sociedad y las consecuencias han superado el ámbito sanitario.En este ensayo se discute su alcance en el sentido de la apropiación de las medidas de control del riesgo y se propone el método epidemiológico como una alternativa que va más allá de la cuantificación de los riesgos y la atribución de responsabilidades. Por último, se plantea la necesidad de fomentar procesos de socialización de la información que ayuden a la comprensión de las consecuencias de los actos individuales y favorezcan la superación de la expectativa de control pandémico únicamente basada en el uso de medidas coercitivas.
SARS-CoV-2 y RT-PCR en pacientes asintomáticos: resultados de una cohorte de trabajadores del Aeropuerto Internacional El Dorado de Bogotá, 2020
Authors: Malagón-Rojas Jeadran , Gómez-Rendón Claudia , Parra Eliana L. , Almentero Julia , Palma Ruth , López Ronald , Toloza-Pérez Yesith Guillermo , Rubio Vivian , Bedoya Juan Felipe , López-Díaz Fernando , Franco-Muñoz Carlos , Reales-González Jhonnatan , Mercado-Reyes Marcela
Published: November 2020

Introducción. La pandemia de COVID-19 ha ocasionado cerca de 25 millones de casos en el mundo. Se ha descrito que los pacientes asintomáticos pueden ser fuentes de transmisión. Sin embargo, es difícil detectarlos y no es claro su papel en la dinámica de transmisión del virus, lo que obstaculiza la implementación de estrategias para la prevención.Objetivo. Describir el comportamiento de la infección asintomática por SARS-CoV-2 en una cohorte de trabajadores del Aeropuerto Internacional El Dorado “Luis Carlos Galán Sarmiento” de Bogotá, Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Se diseñó una cohorte prospectiva de trabajadores del Aeropuerto El Dorado. El seguimiento se inició en junio de 2020 con una encuesta a cada trabajador para caracterizar sus condiciones de salud y trabajo. Cada 21 días se tomó una muestra de hisopado nasofaríngeo para detectar la presencia del SARS-CoV-2 mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con transcriptasa inversa (RT-PCR). Se analizó el comportamiento del umbral del ciclo (cycle threshold) de los genes ORF1ab y N según el día de seguimiento. Resultados. En los primeros tres seguimientos de la cohorte se encontró una incidencia de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 del 16,51 %. La proporción de contactos positivos fue del 14,08 %. La mediana del umbral del ciclo fue de 33,53.Conclusión. Se determinaron las características de la infección asintomática por el SARSCoV-2 en una cohorte de trabajadores. La detección de infectados asintomáticos sigue siendo un reto para los sistemas de vigilancia epidemiológica.
Habitat preference, movements and growth of giant mottled eels, Anguilla marmorata, in a small subtropical Amami-Oshima Island river
Authors: Itakura Hikaru , Wakiya Ryoshiro
Published: November 2020

Although anguillid eel populations have decreased remarkably in recent decades, few detailed ecological studies have been conducted on tropical eels such as the giant mottled eel whose range extends across the whole Indo-Pacific. This species was studied throughout the entire 0.5 km mainstem reaches of Oganeku River on the subtropical Amami-Oshima Island of Japan over a two-year period using four sampling periods to understand its habitat preference, early life-stage dispersal process, movements, and annual growth using a mark-recapture experiment conducted with quantitative electrofishing. A total of 396 juvenile growth-phase A. marmorata eels were caught and tagged, with 48 individuals being recaptured at least once. Their density irrespective of size of eels was most strongly determined by distance from the river mouth, followed by riverbank type according to random forest models. Eel density decreased with increasing distance from the freshwater tidal limit located about 100–150 m from the river mouth. Eels preferred vegetated riverbanks, while they avoided those of concrete and sand. The density of small eels (total length: TL < 240 mm) was also associated with depth and velocity, with small eels tending to prefer riffle or run habitats. In contrast, large eels (TL ≥ 240 mm) were found in habitats of any depth and velocity. The TL of eels had a minimum peak at around the tidal limit, and it increased with increasing distance from the tidal limit. The observed density and size gradients of eels in relation to the distance from the river mouth suggested that A. marmorata initially recruited to freshwater tidal limit areas and then dispersed in both downstream and upstream directions. The growth rate of eels varied greatly among individuals that were at large for various periods of time and ranged from 0 to 163.2 mm/year (mean ± SD of 31.8 ± 31.0 mm/year). Of the recaptured eels, 52.1% were recaptured in a section that was different from the original capture section, and their mean ± SD distance travelled was 46.5 ± 72.5 m (median = 20 m). 47.9% of the eels were recaptured from the original section of capture (i.e., <10 m distances travelled), suggesting that they had strong fidelity to specific habitats with limited movements. The distance travelled of eels that had moved was greater for small eels (range = 10–380 m; mean ± SD = 84.4 ± 121.9 m) than large individuals (range = 10–120 m; mean ± SD = 30.9 ± 31.0 m), which indicates that the mobility of the eels declines as they grow. This is the first clear detailed documentation of the spatial distribution, growth, and movements of tropical eels in a small river system in relation to environmental conditions that provides an example of how future studies can be conducted in other areas to understand how conservation efforts can be most efficiently targeted for maximum success.
Antimicrobial resistant gene prevalence in soils due to animal manure deposition and long-term pasture management
Authors: Yang Yichao , Ashworth Amanda J. , DeBruyn Jennifer M. , Durso Lisa M. , Savin Mary , Cook Kim , Moore Jr. Philip A. , Owens Phillip R.
Published: November 2020

The persistence of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) genes in the soil-environment is a concern, yet practices that mitigate AMR are poorly understood, especially in grasslands. Animal manures are widely deposited on grasslands, which are the largest agricultural land-use in the United States. These nutrient-rich manures may contain AMR genes. The aim of this study was to enumerate AMR genes in grassland soils following 14-years of poultry litter and cattle manure deposition and evaluate if best management practices (rotationally grazed with a riparian (RBR) area and a fenced riparian buffer strip (RBS), which excluded cattle grazing and poultry litter applications) relative to standard pasture management (continuously grazed (CG) and hayed (H)) minimize the presence and amount of AMR genes. Quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) was performed to enumerate four AMR genes (ermB, sulI, intlI, and blactx-m-32) in soil, cattle manure, and poultry litter environments. Six soil samples were additionally subjected to metagenomic sequencing and resistance genes were identified from assembled sequences. Following 14-years of continuous management, ermB, sulI, and intlI genes in soil were greatest (P < 0.05) in samples collected under long-term continuous grazing (relative to conservation best management practices), under suggesting overgrazing and continuous cattle manure deposition may increase AMR gene presence. In general, AMR gene prevalence increased downslope, suggesting potential lateral movement and accumulation based on landscape position. Poultry litter had lower abundance of AMR genes (ermB, sulI, and intlI) relative to cattle manure. Long-term applications of poultry litter increased the abundance of sulI and intlI genes in soil (P < 0.05). Similarly, metagenomic shotgun sequencing revealed a greater total number of AMR genes under long-term CG, while fewer AMR genes were found in H (no cattle manure) and RBS (no animal manure or poultry litter). Results indicate long-term conservation pasture management practices (e.g., RBS and RBR) and select animal manure (poultry litter inputs) may minimize the presence and abundance of AMR genes in grassland soils.
Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis emissions from humans and animals in the Three Gorges Reservoir in Chongqing, China
Authors: Huang Qian , Yang Ling , Li Bo , Du Huihui , Zhao Feng , Han Lin , Wang Qilong , Deng Yunjia , Xiao Guosheng , Wang Dayong
Published: November 2020

Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis are two waterborne protozoan parasites that can cause diarrhea. Human and animal feces in surface water are a major source of these pathogens. This paper presents a GloWPa-TGR-Crypto model that estimates Cryptosporidium and G. duodenalis emissions from human and animal feces in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), and uses scenario analysis to predict the effects of sanitation, urbanization, and population growth on oocyst and cyst emissions for 2050. Our model estimated annual emissions of 1.6 × 1015 oocysts and 2.1 × 1015 cysts from human and animal feces, respectively. Humans were the largest contributors of oocysts and cysts, followed by pigs and poultry. Cities were hot-spots for human emissions, while districts with high livestock populations accounted for the highest animal emissions. Our model was the most sensitive to oocyst excretion rates. The results indicated that 74% and 87% of total emissions came from urban areas and humans, respectively, and 86% of total human emissions were produced by the urban population. The scenario analysis showed a potential decrease in oocyst and cyst emissions with improvements in urbanization, sanitation, wastewater treatment, and manure management, regardless of population increase. Our model can further contribute to the understanding of environmental pathways, the risk assessment of Cryptosporidium and Giardia pollution, and effective prevention and control strategies that can reduce the outbreak of waterborne diseases in the TGR and other similar watersheds.
UNDERSTANDING OF DEPRESSION: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Rathod Palak , . Srelekshmi , Adiga Manjunath
Published: November 2020

Depression is common disorder and contributes largely to nonfatal health loss characterized by feeling of sadness or loss of interest in activities which can be correlated to kaphaja Unmada. In Ayurveda, choice of treatment for Kaphaja Unmada is Vamana with Satwavajaya Chikitsa, Shamana Aushadhi, and Medhya Rasayana. A treatment protocol was designed based on signs and symptoms of the patient and was administered Sarvanga Udvartana with Bashpa Sweda, Sirotalam, Vamana, Patent medicine (Composed of Jyotishmati Taila, Shuddha Gandhaka, Shankhapushpi, Vacha, Jatamamsi and Bhringraja) and Saraswatarishta. This treatment was helpful in reducing the intensity of symptoms and improving his quality of life of an extent. This helps us to understand the scope of Ayurvedic intervention for mental disorders. Ayurveda provides various effective solutions to various diseases which come under the umbrella of Unmada.
EFFECT OF SHODHANA AND SHAMAN CHIKITSA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PSORIASIS: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Aggarwal Vishal , Rani Tinkle , Gupta Arun
Published: November 2020

Psoriasis is a visible skin condition of chronic origin substantially affecting the physical as well as psychological life of the person thus affecting the quality of life. To combat the same, modern medicine comes with varieties of treatment options but none of them fully cure neither give very promising results to improve quality of life. In Ayurveda, Psoriasis shares the correlation with Ekakushtha. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of Ayurveda treatment modalities in Ekakushtha. A male patient aged 27 years presented with the signs and symptoms as well-defined, slightly raised silvery scales all over the body, mainly presented on flexors surfaces of bilateral legs, hands and over the trunk region along with severe dryness of whole body, powdery discharge with severe itching, diagnosed as Ekakushtha (chronic psoriasis) and was treated with both external and internal medications, which included Vaman Therapy (purificatory emesis) and Shamana (palliative treatment). Shodhana was given as Samyak Snehan (proper oleation) followed by Vamana Karma (therapeutic emesis), in which vitiated Doshas are expelled out through Urdhvamarga (through mouth) and Shamana was given by classical Ayurvedic medications. At the end of Vamana, Pittantik Vamana was achieved. Patient felt notable reduction from erythema, Kandu (itching) and scaling during treatment. This case study showed Vaman karma followed by palliative treatment to be a better treatment option which gives significant improvement in Psoriasis.
PHARMACEUTICAL STUDY OF VANGA BHASMA
Authors: Manish Kumar Saini Manish Kumar Saini , . Meemansa , Suresh Parimi , . .
Published: November 2020

Pharmaceutical study gives emphasis to prepare drugs in a standard manner and to dispense it. Vanga is classified as a Puti Loha. Here the Puti means bad smell, obnoxious or dirty. All three metals mentioned in this group emit obnoxious smell, while they are melting. Vanga has been widely described in our texts and several therapeutic properties have been stated. Much importance has been given to its efficacy as Vrishya and as a therapy for Meha Roga. The Aim of this study is to prepare Vanga bhasma as per classical guidelines. Raw Vanga metal, plant materials and other drugs used for shodhana, marana, Jarana were collected mainly from pharmacy, N.I.A., Jaipur. Buttermilk (Takra) and Gomutra were obtained from nearby shop and cow husbandry. The Vanga bhasma was prepared following Reference of Siddha Bhaishaja Mani Mala in the Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, N.I.A., Jaipur. In present study total 470 gm of raw Va­nga was taken, after Shodhana process 463 gm Vanga was obtained. Further by the process of Jarana 440 gm Vanga was yield. From which 420 gm was used in Marana process, from which ultimately total bhasma of Vanga obtained was 438 gm.
Wearable Corneal Biosensors Fabricated from PEDOT Functionalized Sulfur‐Doped Graphene for Use in the Early Detection of Myopia
Authors: Zhang Wenjing , Dong Gongxian , Feng Haihua , Shan Suyan , Huang Libin , Yuan Feng , Bao Bijun , Yan Lu , Xia Zhaolin , Lawson Tom , Chen Jun , Qu Jia , Liu Yong
Published: November 2020

Myopia is an irreversible visual disorder. Its pathogenic mechanism is not completely determined. This lack of understanding has led to difficulties in its early detection and prevention. Herein, it is reported that the content of dopamine (DA) inside tears is related to myopia diopter. Changes in DA are detected by the use of a wearable corneal biosensor. The biosensor is prepared by electrodeposition of the enzyme tyrosinase and poly (3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) functionalized sulfur‐doped graphene onto a self‐designed corneal microelectrode. This leads to a high‐performance biosensor with a high sensitivity (of 12.9 µA × 10−3 m−1 cm−2), a good detection limit (of 101 × 10−9 m), excellent selectivity, and long‐term stability. In vivo sensing tests on rabbits confirm a linear relationship between DA added to the animal eyes and the current response of the biosensor. Further tests on human tears sourced from defocus‐induced myopia patients who have various myopia diopters show that the biosensor outputted a sensitive current signal that is related to the number of myopia diopters. This suggests there is an underlying relationship between myopia diopters and DA content in tears. It may provide a novel approach to a better understanding of myopia formation and its prevention.
A Novel Approach to Establish and Enhance Event Reporting Systems Among Resident Physicians
Authors: Siddiqui Saud , Marin Johnnatan , Kupsky Genevieve , Quan Theodore , Frasure Sarah E. , Sikka Neal , Pourmand Ali
Published: November 2020

Background

Event reporting systems are an integral part of patient safety programs that continue to remain a challenge primarily due to systems‐based barriers. Smartphone use in patient care continues to be an ever‐growing facet of medicine and patient care. Combining the problem of event reporting challenges with the modern resource of mobile phones may be used to promote a culture of safety and increase event reporting in the emergency department (ED) and the hospital among residents.

Methods

We introduced a new method of event reporting for emergency medicine (EM) residents in the ED using a mobile messaging application widely used throughout the hospital to facilitate physician communication to report events. Implementation of the intervention occurred in three phases. During the preintervention phase, we retrospectively reviewed EM resident rates of event reporting and administered a survey regarding their attitudes toward the traditional system of event reporting. We then introduced the mobile messaging application–based event reporting system and tracked the number of events recorded during the first 8 months of implementation. Following the intervention, we administered a postintervention survey to the EM residents inquiring about the same metrics that were used in the preintervention survey.

Results

Forty EM residents reported a total of 147 events during the 8 months of the intervention phase compared to 12 reports during the prior year as whole, resulting in a 12‐fold increase. The postintervention scores ranged from 55 to 73 with a mean (±SD) of 65 (±9). EM resident satisfaction rates and comfort level with the new reporting system increased by 232 and 104%, respectively, and the likelihood of reporting an event increased by 127% (p < 0.02). The time required by EM residents to submit a report also decreased significantly.

Conclusion

The implementation of a mobile application to target systems barriers associated with event reporting significantly increased event reporting by EM residents, improved EM resident attitudes about event reporting, and reduced the time required to submit an event, ultimately promoting a culture of safety.
A novel homozygous frameshift mutation in the DCC gene in a Pakistani family with autosomal recessive horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis‐2 with impaired intellectual development
Authors: Zaka Ayesha , Shahzad Shaheen , Rao Hadi Zahid , Hashim Yasmin , Basit Sulman
Published: November 2020

Horizontal Gaze Palsy with Progressive Scoliosis‐2 with Impaired Intellectual Development (HGPPS2) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by absence of conjugate horizontal eye movements, and progressive scoliosis developing in childhood and adolescence. We report three new patients with HGPPS2 in a consanguineous Pakistani family, presenting varying degrees of progressive scoliosis, developmental delays, horizontal gaze palsy, agenesis of corpus callosum, and absence of cerebral commissures. Analysis of genotyping data identified shared loss of heterozygosity (LOH) region on chromosomes 5p15.33‐15.31, 6q11.2‐12, and 18q21.1‐21.3. A hypothesis‐free, unbiased exome data analysis detected an insertion of nucleotide A (c.2399dupA) in exon 16 of the DCC gene. The insertion is predicted to cause frameshift p.(Asn800Lysfs*11). Interestingly, DCC gene is present in the LOH region on chromosome 18. Variant (c.2399dupA) in the DCC gene is considered as the most probable candidate variant for HGPPS2 based on the presence of DCC in the LOH region, previously reported role of DCC in HGPPS2, perfect segregation of candidate variant with the disease, prediction of variant pathogenicity, and absence of variant in variation databases. Sanger Sequencing confirmed the presence of the novel homozygous mutation in all three patients; the parents were heterozygous carriers of the mutation, in accordance with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. DCC encodes a netrin‐1 receptor protein; its role in the development of the CNS has recently been established. Biallelic DCC mutations have previously been shown to cause HGPPS2. A novel homozygous variant in patients of the reported family extend the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of HGPPS2.
α‐Iminonitriles: Composite Functional Groups for Functionalization of Pyrene
Authors: Deng Guigang , Liu Tianqi , Wang Yuqin , Liu Bingxin , Tan Qitao , Xu Bin
Published: November 2020

Functionalization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with functional groups is essential for tuning the optoelectronic properties, solid stacking and solubility. α‐Iminonitriles are composite functional groups (CFGs) containing imine (C=N−R) and nitrile (CN) moieties with strong electron‐withdrawing character and good stability, which could be readily introduced through several effective synthetic methods. α‐Iminonitriles have been widely used as intermediates for organic transformations but hold untapped potential for modification of organic functional materials. We herein disclose that α‐iminonitriles are eminent groups for modifying the properties of pyrene. The introduction of α‐iminonitriles to pyrene causes many changes: significantly lowering the LUMOs, red‐shift in absorption and emission spectra, tuning the solid‐stacking, triggering aggregation‐induced emission and white‐light emission. This work indicates that CFGs such as α‐iminonitriles may provide extra toolkits for the functionalization of organic functional materials which would help to tap the potentials of novel or existed materials.
Development of vibration damping materials based on butyl rubber: A study of the phase equilibrium, rheological, and dynamic properties of compositions
Authors: Pochivalov Konstantin V. , Shilov Alexander N. , Lebedeva Tatyana N. , Ilyasova Anna N. , Golovanov Roman Yu. , Basko Andrey V. , Kudryavtsev Yaroslav V.
Published: November 2020

A detailed study of butyl rubber‐based vibration damping formulations linking their composition, morphology, phase structure, viscosity, mechanical loss factor, and other characteristics is presented for the first time. High performance of the compositions including aromatic petroleum oil is explained by limited solubility of the plasticizer that leads to the formation of a highly‐viscous emulsion (η20°C ≈ 1000 Pa·s) consisting of a swollen butyl rubber matrix and dispersed oil droplets in the broad composition range. Chalk is found to be the best inorganic filler as its spherical particles provide strong adhesion to the reinforcing layer of aluminum foil. Aiming to eliminate ecologically unfriendly aromatic compounds, a new low‐cost binding agent formulation based on butyl rubber mixed with polyisobutylene and highly refined mineral oil is suggested. Being environmentally safe, it possesses high viscosity of 1000–3000 Pa·s, cohesion strength of 3.5–5.0 N/cm, penetration of 4.5–6.0 mm, and mechanical loss factor up to 0.34 at room temperature, which are as good as, or even better than, the properties of currently produced vibration damping materials containing aromatic compounds. New materials can be used in car and aircraft parts for effective vibration isolation.
Hospitalized Infections in Lupus: A Nationwide Study of Types of Infections, Time Trends, Health Care Utilization, and In‐Hospital Mortality
Authors: Singh Jasvinder A. , Cleveland John D.
Published: November 2020

Objective

To examine the time trends in hospitalized infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and the factors associated with health care utilization and in‐hospital mortality.

Methods

US National Inpatient Sample data from 1998–2016 were used to examine the epidemiology, time trends, and outcomes of 5 common hospitalized infections in patients with SLE, namely, pneumonia, sepsis/bacteremia, urinary tract infection (UTI), skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), and opportunistic infections (OIs). Time trends were compared using the Cochran‐Armitage test. Multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression models were used to examine the factors associated with health care utilization (hospital stay >3 days, hospital charges above the median, or discharge to a nonhome setting) and in‐hospital mortality.

Results

Hospitalization rates per 100,000 claims among SLE patients in 1998–2000 versus in 2015–2016 were as follows: for OIs, 1.13 versus 1.61 (1.2‐fold increase); for SSTIs, 4.78 versus 12.2 (2.5‐fold increase); for UTI, 1.94 versus 6.12 (3.2‐fold increase); for pneumonia, 15.09 versus 17.05 (1.1‐fold increase); and for sepsis, 6.31 versus 39.64 (6.3‐fold increase). In 2011–2012, sepsis surpassed pneumonia as the most common hospitalized infection in patients with SLE. In multivariable‐adjusted models, a diagnosis of sepsis, older age, a Deyo‐Charlson common comorbidities score of ≥2, having Medicare or Medicaid insurance, and urban hospital location were significantly associated with increased odds of in‐hospital mortality and with all health care utilization outcomes. African American race was significantly associated with increased odds of health care utilization.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that the rates of hospitalized infections increased over time in patients with SLE, and that pneumonia was surpassed by sepsis as the most common hospitalized infection. In addition, associations of risk factors with poorer outcomes were identified. These findings may help inform patients, providers, and policy makers with regard to the burden of infection in SLE, and could lead to interventions/pathways to improve outcomes.
Prolonged Auditory Brainstem Response in Universal Hearing Screening of Newborns with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Miron Oren , Delgado Rafael E. , Delgado Christine F. , Simpson Elizabeth A. , Yu Kun‐Hsing , Gutierrez Anibal , Zeng Guangyu , Gerstenberger Jillian N. , Kohane Isaac S.
Published: November 2020

Previous studies report prolonged auditory brainstem response (ABR) in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Despite its promise as a biomarker, it is unclear whether healthy newborns who later develop ASD also show ABR abnormalities. In the current study, we extracted ABR data on 139,154 newborns from their Universal Newborn Hearing Screening, including 321 newborns who were later diagnosed with ASD. We found that the ASD newborns had significant prolongations of their ABR phase and V‐negative latency compared with the non‐ASD newborns. Newborns in the ASD group also exhibited greater variance in their latencies compared to previous studies in older ASD samples, likely due in part to the low intensity of the ABR stimulus. These findings suggest that newborns display neurophysiological variation associated with ASD at birth. Future studies with higher‐intensity stimulus ABRs may allow more accurate predictions of ASD risk, which could augment the universal ABR test that currently screens millions of newborns worldwide.

Lay Summary

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have slow brain responses to sounds. We examined these brain responses from newborns' hearing tests and found that newborns who were later diagnosed with autism also had slower brain responses to sounds. Future studies might use these findings to better predict autism risk, with a hearing test that is already used on millions of newborns worldwide.
The British State’s production of the Muslim School: A simultaneity of categories of difference analysis
Authors: Mac an Ghaill Mairtin , Haywood Chris
Published: November 2020

Recently, national populist politics has been translated with the emergence of two overlapping narratives of Islamophobia and anti‐EU immigration media discourses. Such discourses have been made highly visible in the increased spike in hate crimes that have been a hidden cost of the national(ist) debate about Britain leaving the European Union (Brexit). This is the context in which we can trace a remarkable shift in the state representation of the schooling of the South Asian/Muslim community and the reclassification from promoting South Asians as central to the future of a modernised multicultural Britain (1970s) to positioning Muslims as a ‘suspect community’ (2020). This article unpacks two cultural moments in the critical exploration of the State production of the Muslim School within a post‐Trojan Horse era. First, a national dominant image of the Muslim School operating within the State ascribed ‘no‐go’ ethno‐religious Muslim neighbourhoods, as a repository of regressive (extreme) Islamist religiosity; thus, reconstructing their religious belief as racialised identities, as they disconnect from British values. Second, the No Outsiders programme, with the accompanying framing of intolerant (Muslim) parents. In this case, the ensuing tension between ‘homophobic Muslims’ and ‘British values’ sets in place a homogenisation of differences. Deploying a simultaneity of categories of difference perspective, we address an underlying discursive re‐politicising of South Asian ethnic communities as religious communities, which is resulting in a perpetual negotiation of the meanings attached to being Muslim. This will enable an international application of the article beyond the specific focus on the city of Birmingham, identified in the international media as the Jihadi capital of Europe.
Enhanced photoluminescence in RE (Eu3+, Ce3+ and Sm3+)‐activated Ca10(PO4)F2 phosphors by double or triple ionized mineral doping: a comparative study
Authors: Duragkar Arati , Dhoble N.S. , Kadam Abhijeet R. , Dhoble S.J.
Published: November 2020

In this work, RE3+ (Eu, Ce and Sm)‐activated Ca10(PO4)6F2 (fluorapatite) phosphors were synthesized by doping with different apatite minerals (SO4, VO4, WO4) using a solid‐state diffusion method. Optical and structural characterizations were performed using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. XRD characterization showed the crystalline nature of the phosphor. PL properties were investigated under ultraviolet light excitation for all three rare earths. CIE chromaticity revealed the colour emitted in the visible region. Luminescence intensity was enhanced considerably by tuning the host matrices after core–shell formation by substitution with other ions producing promising candidates for white light‐emitting diode materials.