bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KAIDAH “PADA DASARNYA PERINTAH BERARTI WAJIB, KECUALI JIKA DALIL MENUNJUKKAN HAL LAIN” DAN PENERAPANNYA PADA BAB MUAMALAH
Authors: Anas Burhanuddin
Published: August 2021

Muamalat (transactions or dealings) is a quarter of the fiqh chapter besides worship, munakahah (marriage) and jinayah chapters. Another perspective, muamalah is half fiqh; because munakahah and jinayah can be put under muamalah. Showing the urgency of the muamalah chapter is being half of the religion. On the other hand, the rules “Basically, the Command Means Obligatory, Unless The Postulate Shows Other Things” is one of the most important rules in ushl al-fiqh. This study examines this rule and its application in the Muamalah chapter. The research method used is a qualitative with a theory implementation approach. The data sources are the books of ushlal-fiqh, fiqh, interpretation, hadith and Arabic. Data collection and analysis are done deductively.

The most important results of this study are as follows: (1) The strongest opinion is that the command basically shows the obligation, unless the postulate transfers it to another meaning. (2) The ushuliyyah rules have enough examples of application in the muamalah chapter, such as: a. Basically the order means mandatory while there is no postulate that diverts it to other meanings, for example the order to return the slave brothers who are sold separately, the order to determine the size of the salam commodity, the order to return goods borrowed and deposited, and the order to sell similar ribawi commodities in tamatsul (such as in the dose or the scales) and taqabud (cash). b. The orders change meaning to sunnah or other meanings if there is a postulate that diverts them to these other meanings. For example, orders to bring witnesses in a sale and purchase transaction, waqf orders, and orders to record debts and credit. (3) Sometimes there are different points of view in understanding the meaning of the command, and whether there is a postulate that diverts it from the meaning of mandatory. For example, the order to take and announce the finding (luqathah) and the order to accept the transfer of receivables to third parties, if the third party is rich (liquid).
KONTRIBUSI ‘ABDUSH SHAMAD FALIMBANI DALAM PENYEBARAN HADIS DI INDONESIA MELALUI KITAB NASHIHAH AL-MUSLIMIN
Authors: Hendri Waluyo Lensa  , Sucipto
Published: August 2021

There is something interesting in the book written by one of the Indonesian scholars known as ‘AbdushShamadFalimbani. He is among those who teach Sufism to his students. But in the book, he brought a lot of Qur’an texts and hadiths. This research is limited to two problem formulations, including: what the contribution of ‘AbdushShamadFalimbani in the distribution of hadith through the book of nashihah al-muslimin is and how the content of the hadith in the book Nasihah al-Muslimin is. This research is included in a variety of qualitative research. The data is collected by the document study method which is related to several research variables. The primary document is the book Nasihah al-Muslimin owned by the writer,it is then supplemented by secondary documents in the form of files that can be downloaded for free on the internet. Data analysis is done by reducing the data needed to answer the problem formulations.

There are several conclusions from this study, including: first, The contribution of ‘AbdushShamadFalimbani in the distribution of hadith in Indonesia through the book Nashihah al-Muslimin is enormous. Many Muslims join the call for jihad to raise the sentence of Allah through the delivery of the Qur'anic texts and many hadiths in the book. Various sources of hadith references are supported by his presence at the time of writing the book when he stayed in the Arabian Peninsula, so that references to hadith books can be found easily and are sufficient. Second, the content of the hadith in the book of Nashihah al-Muslimin which is very dense is a proof of the contribution of ‘AbdushShamad who was quite good in his day. Although, There has not yet obtained from his work that specifically discusses the narration of the hadith. But his efforts in the mention of hadiths that can be traced in the books of the hadith are an effort that should be grateful.
تقويم المفاهيم الخاطئة عند الغلاة في تعظيم النبي
Authors: Ali Musri Semjan Putra
Published: August 2021

فلا يحق لكائن من كان أن يعظم النبي بأمر من عنده لم يشرعه الله في كتابه أو على لسان رسوله. لقد كان من أكبر آثار الغلو في الرسول ظهور البدع في العقائد والعبادات والتي أظهرها المبتدعة بدعوى حبهم للرسول  فجعلوا المحبة مبرراً لهم في صنيعهم، كما حاولوا أن يلتمسوا لها من الشبه الباطلة ما يقوي بنيانها.

فيجب على المسلم أن يفرق بين المشروع وبين غيره في هذا الجانب وعدم التفرقة بينهما هو الذي أوقع المبتدعة في الغلو الذي ذمه الله ورسوله، وذلك كالاستغاثة به وطلب الحاجات منه ودعائه من دون الله واعتقاد أنه خلق من نور وأن الكون كله قد خلق من نوره، وأنه يتصرف في الأكون، ويعلم الغيب مطلقا إلى غير ذلك من العقائد الباطلة، فكل هذا من الغلو الذي نهى الله عنه وفاعل هذا مضاد لتعظيمه.

والمنهج المسلوك في كتابة البحث هو المنهج الاستقرائي والاستنباطي من خلال النصوص الشرعية من الآيات القرآنية والأحاديث النبوية ثم الاستفادة من أقوال العلماء في تفسيرها وشرحها.

وقد تنوعت ضروب البدع وتعددت، وكلّما مضى الزمان ازدادت البدع حتى أصبحت عقيدة راسخة في النفوس، ومن هنا لابد من وجود الجهود التي تكشف عن المنهج الصحيح في التعامل مع هذا الوضع الراهن، وخاصة المتعلمين من أبناء هذه الأمة لتقويم المفاهيم الخاطئة في تعظيم النبي ورسلته بالحقائق العلمية والأساليب الصحيح والوسائل الراجحة الناجحة.
THE TRADITION OF FEEDING PEOPLE IN ASEMBAGUS SITUBONDO (STUDY OF LIVING HADITH)
Authors: Nurul Budi Murtini  , Irfan Yuhadi
Published: August 2021

Food amid humans is a great pleasure in the world because food is one of the sources of human life. Allah is the Rabb who gives food to humans to relieve their hunger. Among the characteristics of the occupants of Heaven is that they often feed the needy. Situbondo Regency is located on the north coast of Java, in the TapalKuda (Horseshoe) area. This research aims to investigate the motives and concept offeedingotherpeopleon Friday, the benefits of feeding people on Friday, and seek for ahadith that advocate feeding others. This research used a qualitative approach with the study of living hadith model. The results of this study indicate that: (1) The motives for feeding people are to get the benefits of sharing food with fellow Moslems, the desire to share, and be part of the social activity. Regular and non-permanent donors support the feeding concept. Food distribution is made every Saturday morning on the east side of AsembagusGreat (Jami') Mosque. Food is distributed to farmers, pedicab drivers, waste pickers, and people who could not afford it. (2) The benefits of feeding others are social care, more people, and laypeople interested in joining the study. (3) Several hadiththat prescribe to feed other people.
WALI ADHAL DALAM PERNIKAHAN (Penyebab dan Penyelesaiannya Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam)
Authors: Syailendra Sabdo Djati PS
Published: August 2021

Marriage is a bond between humans on a voluntary basis, according to religion and law. The normative procedure for organizing a marriage is regulated in Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage. In the implementation of marriage, it must fulfill the pillars in the form of: 1. fiancé, 2. fiancée, 3. marriage guardian, 4. two witnesses and, 5. consent and acceptance. However, sometimes marriage is hindered by a guardian who is reluctant or refuses to marry off which is known as adhal.This study seeks to determine the definition of adhal and adhal guardian and its laws in Islam, the factors that cause guardian to do adhal and how it is resolved in the perspective of Islamic law. The writing method used is descriptive qualitative by looking at data in the field and studying of relevant literature. Factors that cause the occurrence of adhal can be due to fiancédoes not meet the criteria of guardian in terms of origin, nature, social, economy, as well as the  unharmonious relationship between the guardianand the woman under his guardianship, or motives for hurt toward ex-wife.The solution of adhal guardian is to use kinship persuasive advice. If this does not work, the bride and groom can ask for the appointment of a guardian to the Religious Court. After the verdict is issued, the marriage can be carried out with the magistrate guardianand registered at the KUA.
SPEKULASI POSITIF VS SPEKULASI NEGATIF (Sebuah Penjelasan Tentang Hubungan Antara Risiko dan Spekulasi)
Authors: Anas Burhanuddin
Published: August 2021

This article attempts to elaborate the confusion in the terms risk and speculation by explaining the differences between the two, as well as the relationship between them.This article also explains the concept of classifying speculation into positive and negative and formulates and analyzes indicators of both. The research method used is a qualitative method with a comparative study approach. The data sources are classical books, journal articles, related dissertations, dictionaries, economic dictionaries and internet articles. The data collection and analysis are done deductively. The results of this study are: 1. There is a close relationship between risk and speculation. Speculation is sometimes used to mean risk (positive speculation), and sometimes it is used to mean negative speculation; 2. Positive speculation is speculation that has a small possibility of loss, occurs in derivative activities, contains large benefits, is harmless and does not contain elements of akl al-mal bilbathil;3. Negative speculation is speculation that has a large chance of loss, occurs in major economic activities, contains great danger, is not beneficial and contains elements of akl al-mal bilbathil. 4. Not all speculation is forbidden by Islam. Only negative speculation is forbidden.
TINJAUAN SIYASAH SYAR’IYAH TERHADAP PENETAPAN BATAS USIA NIKAH (Studi Kritis Terhadap Penetapan Usia Nikah Di Indonesia)
Authors: Muhammad Nurul Fahmi
Published: August 2021

Various countries including Indonesia have enacted laws regulating the age limit for marriage. The determination of thelimit is certainly not free from criticism and controversy. On the other hand, the presence of a state to regulate people's affairs is highly emphasized in Islam, both relating to religious issues and world problems.This is what is known as siyasah shar'iyah ‘good governance in Islam’. However, the determination of the age limit for marriage needs to be studied further from the perspective of siyasah shar'iyah. This study aims to determine the general concept of siyasah shar'iyah, the stipulation of the age of marriage in Islam, the age limit for marriage in Indonesia, and the conformity of these rules to the concept of siyasah shar'iyah.This research is a library research that uses a qualitative approach. The results of this study indicate that the general concept of siyasah shar'iyah is the authority of the leader to regulate matters that have not been determined by sharia arguments, as well as things in sharia that are not permanent or have many legal points of view. As for the age limit for marriage, it is not specified in Islam. However, a guardian (father) may even marry off their young children. Meanwhile in Indonesia, a person is not allowed to get married before reaching the age of 19, whether male or female. This stipulation of the age limit for marriage is not in line with the concept of siyasah shar'iyah. As this has legal consequences that are contrary to what has been established by Islam through the sharia argument, which is that it is permissible for someone to marry under that age.On the other hand, it also contradicts the recommendation of the Sharia to hasten marriage if it is possible.
HADIS-HADIS RAJA’ DAN PENERAPANNYA DALAM MENGATASI STRES SEORANG IBU AKIBAT SUDDEN DEATH PADA ANAKNYA DI LINGKUNGAN GLADAK PAKEM, KECAMATANSUMBERSARI, KABUPATEN JEMBER
Authors: Nur Kholis bin Kurdian
Published: August 2021

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the application of the hadiths of hope in dealing with the stress of a mother due to sudden death in her child in Gladak Pakem, Sumbersari District, Jember Regency. This research is an action research conducted in two cycles, namely cycle I and cycle II. Each cycle consists of four stages, namely planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. The data collection techniques in this study were observation and interviews. The action taken was to provide assistance to the mother by providing advice extracted from the hadiths of hope. The delivery of advice is done verbally, continuously, and adapted to the situation and condition of the mother. The result of the action in the first cycle was a 33,3% reduction in the mother's stress level, while the rest was still 66,7%. Based on these results, it is necessary to carry out a follow-up process by taking action in cycle II. Furthermore, the results in cycle II showed a significant 90% reduction in stress levels which was indicated by an increase in the percentage of the relaxation level, while the rest was only 10%. Based on the indicators, it can be stated that the action in cycle II has been successful, so it can be concluded that the application of the hadiths of hope can overcome a mother's stress due to sudden death in her child in Gladak Pakem, Sumbersari District, Jember Regency.
IMPLEMENTASI HADIS-HADIS SABAR DALAM MENGHADAPI BENCANA (Studi Kasus Bencana Banjir di Kepatihan Jember)
Authors: Irfan Yuhadi  , Nurul Budi Murtini
Published: August 2021

In human life, it always revolves between happiness and sadness, ease and difficulty, even life and death. All the calamities that occur have been determined by Allah in the Lawh al-Mahfuz. Not a single disaster befell someone except with the permission of Allah. Allah will give guidance to the heart of believers to be patient in accepting calamities. Jember Regency consists of 226 villages, 22 subdistricts, and 31 districts, among which is Kepatihan subdistrict. In February 2021, there were floods in Jember, among the areas affected was Kepatihan. The purpose of this research is to analyze and to find the redaction of hadiths about patience, the phenomenon of the flood in Kepatihan Jember, and the implementation of the hadiths about patience in dealing with floods in Kepatihan Jember. The approach in this research is a qualitative approach with a type of case studies. The results of this study indicate that: (1) There are several redactions of hadith about patience, among them are: hadith from Abu Malik Al-Asy'ari, hadith from Anas, hadith from 'Ubadah bin Ash-Shamit, hadith from Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri, and hadith from Shuhaib – may Allah be pleased with them. (2) In Kepatihan Jember, 32 families were affected by the flood, among the worst were 8 houses. (3) The residents of Kepatihan Jember have implemented the hadiths of patience in facing the flood disaster that occurred in February 2021.
Pemberitaan Isu Terorisme Pada Media di Indonesia: Media Kompas.com dan Voa-Islam.com dalam Peristiwa Serangan Paris November 2015
Authors: Putri Renita Novitasari , Zarmansyah Zarmansyah
Published: August 2021

Terrorism is an issue that has grown for a long time and is now a concern to the world community. This comes after what is being reported by the media can form a public perception or opinion. The amount of media influence on the public is supported also by technological developments in the media that currently raise the speed of delivery and its actuality through online media. Online media in Indonesia itself has many kinds, such as Kompas.com and VOA-islam.com which have two different backgrounds. Using the qualitative method of interviewing, framing analysis in agenda setting theory and public opinion as supporting theory, this research shows that both media were covering the Paris attacks in November with different methods and points of view. This research has proof that every media will cover an event according to the ideology and characteristic (mission and vision) respectively depending on the editor of the media, including in the selection of referrals and foreign media as a comparison.
Quality control questions on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk): A randomized trial of impact on the USAUDIT, PHQ-9, and GAD-7
Authors: Agley Jon , Xiao Yunyu , Nolan Rachael , Golzarri-Arroyo Lilian
Published: August 2021

Crowdsourced psychological and other biobehavioral research using platforms like Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) is increasingly common – but has proliferated more rapidly than studies to establish data quality best practices. Thus, this study investigated whether outcome scores for three common screening tools would be significantly different among MTurk workers who were subject to different sets of quality control checks. We conducted a single-stage, randomized controlled trial with equal allocation to each of four study arms: Arm 1 (Control Arm), Arm 2 (Bot/VPN Check), Arm 3 (Truthfulness/Attention Check), and Arm 4 (Stringent Arm – All Checks). Data collection was completed in Qualtrics, to which participants were referred from MTurk. Subjects (n = 1100) were recruited on November 20–21, 2020. Eligible workers were required to claim U.S. residency, have a successful task completion rate > 95%, have completed a minimum of 100 tasks, and have completed a maximum of 10,000 tasks. Participants completed the US-Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (USAUDIT), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and a screener for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7). We found that differing quality control approaches significantly, meaningfully, and directionally affected outcome scores on each of the screening tools. Most notably, workers in Arm 1 (Control) reported higher scores than those in Arms 3 and 4 for all tools, and a higher score than workers in Arm 2 for the PHQ-9. These data suggest that the use, or lack thereof, of quality control questions in crowdsourced research may substantively affect findings, as might the types of quality control items.
Enhancement of Piezoelectric Coefficient (d33) in PVDF-TrFe/CoFe2O4 nanocomposites through DC magnetic poling
Authors: Fortunato Marco , Tamburrano Alessio , Bracciale Maria Paola , Santarelli Maria Laura , Sarto Maria Sabrina
Published: August 2021

In the last years flexible, low-cost, wearable and innovative piezoelectric nanomaterials, have attracted a considerable interest to develop energy harvesters and sensors. Among the piezoelectric materials, a special focus was paid on  electroactive polymers such as Poly(vinylidene fluoride) [PVDF] and on its copolymer Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) [PVDF-TrFe], which is one of the most investigated piezoelectric polymers, due to the high β-phase content resulting under specific curing or processing conditions. However, to get high piezoelectric coefficient (d33), alignment of the β-phase domains is needed, which is usually obtained by applying a high electric fields at moderate temperatures. This process, usually referred as electrical poling, requires the deposition of contact electrodes over the sample surface, and the use of high voltage apparatus.   

In the present work, in order to overcome these constraints we have produced, characterized and studied a polymer nanocomposite, consisting of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles dispersed in PVDF-TrFe with enhancement of the β-phase alignment through and applied a DC magnetic fields. The magnetic poling was demonstrated to be particular effective, leading to a piezoelectric coefficient, d33, with values up to 39 pm/V. The magnetic poling does not need the use a top electrode and of high magnetic fields (the maximum value of d33 was obtained at 50 mT, using a current of 0.4 A) making the PVDF-TrFE/CoFe2O4 nanocomposite suitable for the fabrication of highly efficient devices for energy harvesting and wearable sensors.
The Existence and Evolution of Business Groups in Emerging Economies: A Selective Review of the Literature
Authors: Bharati Rupambika
Published: August 2021

Business Groups and their ubiquitous presence in emerging economies affect the broad patterns of economic performance. The study of such hybrid organizational form has been relevant to various domains such as industrial organization, corporate finance, strategic management, economics and sociology etc. This paper is an attempt to first understand the reason for their dominant presence in emerging markets and then proceeds to review the literature based on the dominant research perspectives of the existing scholarly work.
Is zero the safe real rate?
Authors: Mix Andreas
Published: August 2021

The current economic debate with regards to the secular trend of ever lower, even negative, safe real interest rates is dominated by Keynesian, neoclassical and Austrian explanations. The former (two) argue that the interdependence phenomena of a global savings glut and a secular stagnation cause an oversupply of savings and thus drive down rates. From this position, central bank merely react to market forces. The latter dissent and argue that it was rather the other way around and an asymmetric central bank policy aimed at propping up equity prices led to the secular stagnation now quoted for its justification. In contrast, from the perspective of a critique of ideology, safe real rates where neither driven down by market forces nor central banks but by the weight of being not reasonably safe but riskless. Specifically, I argue that by equating the riskless return with the short-term interest rate, Black and Scholes (1973) state a tautology and imply that both rates shall be zero. In the subsequent inquiry, I show that this argument allows for a neat narration of the economic history of the neoliberal age. Furthermore, I explain why under current conditions ultra low interest rates fail to translate into inflation.
Subjectivity in Economics
Authors: Clements Matthew T.
Published: August 2021

Economics cannot claim to be absolutely objective. There are several significant ways in which economic analysis is subjective, and this should be recognized by the profession to a greater degree
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION LEVEL TRENDS IN THE ECONOMY OF THE KAMCHATKA KRAI
Authors: Bazhenov R. I.
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the study is to determine the level of digital transformation of the economy of the Kamchatka Krai. We used data from open sources of the Federal Statistics Service and statistical collections of the Higher School of Economics. The index method and correlation analysis were used for the analysis. As a result, it was revealed that there is a strong positive correlation between many indicators of digitalization and the region's economy (gross regional product).
ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGIONAL PROJECT "PROVIDING MEDICAL ORGANIZATIONS OF THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM WITH QUALIFIED PERSONNEL IN KHABAROVSK KRAI"
Authors: Dzundza O. V.
Published: August 2021

In order to improve the mechanism for the implementation of the regional project "Providing medical organizations of the healthcare system with qualified personnel" on the example of the Khabarovsk Territory, the project "School of a young specialist" was proposed, which will ensure the implementation of the mechanism of continuous education of medical personnel.
INFLUENCE OF STATE POLICY ON FORMATION OF RATIONAL STRUCTURE OF SMALL BUSINESSES
Authors: Sergienko E. E.
Published: August 2021

The article discusses the experience of stimulating small business in foreign countries and the Russian Federation and the state of small business in these countries. Two groups of countries with different approaches to stimulating small business have been identified. The impact of crises on the size structure of small business has been analyzed, including the impact of the crisis caused by the 2020 pandemic and the government support measures taken in this regard.
INTERACTIONS IN THE DAIRY INDUSTRY
BETWEEN CHINA AND RUSSIA: STATUS AND PROSPECTS
Authors: Qiujie Chen
Published: August 2021

The article shows that currently the Sino-Russian interaction in the dairy industry includes four aspects: trade in dairy products, exchange of experience in the dairy industry, investment cooperation and interaction at the state level. I n general, the opportunities and challenges of Sino-Russian cooperation in the dairy industry coexist, China and Russia continue to develop the dairy industry. There is a broad perspective of cooperation to achieve mutual benefits and win-win results.
Influences of the Anglo-American Teaching System in Brazil: Contributions by the Parsons Mission (1921-1925)
Authors: Peters Angela , Almeida Peres Maria , D'Antonio Patricia
Published: August 2021

The Brazilian first republic sought to organize society and amplify its potential for political and economic development, an objective hindered by the precarious health conditions of a population devastated by epidemics. An alliance between Brazil and the United States, mediated by the Rockefeller Foundation, gave birth to the arrival of Ethel Parsons in Brazil and the Parsons Mission, which developed strategies to implant a model for raising the standards of nursing in Brazil. This article offers background information about the Parsons Mission, and discusses its impact in public health and nursing education. History shows that the creation and organization of a public nursing health service, in addition to a nursing school based on Anglo-American models, were successful strategies in the construction of a new professional identity for nurses and for the recognition of nursing as a female profession.
The Impact of Social Capital and Time Spent on Facebook on Social Recognition and Attachment
Authors: Ladwein Richard , Ben Mimoun Mohamed Slim
Published: August 2021

Prior research deals rather extensively with psychological aspects related to social network sites usage. In contrast, the present study focuses on “psychosociological aspects” related to social network site usage, such as attachment to the sites. The present research seeks to determine the impact of the “need for social belonging” on the extent of a user social network and time spent on Facebook, as well as the resultant effects on social recognition and brand attachment. The research model was tested with data from 315 Facebook users using a web survey. The structural equation model in AMOS was used to test the proposed hypotheses. The results highlight the central role of social recognition in explaining attachment to Facebook. They show that the need for social belonging affects the number of friends but not time spent on Facebook. Results indicate that it is the quality of the social ties and activity on Facebook together with a feeling of social recognition that explain attachment to Facebook.
Knowledge Management in Large Complex Organizations
Authors: Chandler Nick
Published: August 2021

This chapter considers the effect of subcultures in large complex organizations upon knowledge management. It is found that subcultures offer both advantages and disadvantages to organisations with knowledge management processes. On the one hand, the diversity of subcultures also offers a diversity of approaches and focus of knowledge management within subcultures. On the other, subcultures are found in the literature to present boundaries to cross-subcultural knowledge transfer. In essence, knowledge management is enhanced within subcultures, and there is a diversity of knowledge management processes as well as conversion of different types of knowledge specific to each subculture type, but knowledge sharing and transfer between subcultures is problematic. Through the examination of previous empirical studies and evidence from the author's own study, strategies are suggested along with a proposed model for managing knowledge across subcultures in large complex organisations, and further implications are highlighted for researchers and practitioners.
Propensity to Purchase Organic Food
Authors: Mahmud Khairul Nizam , Abdul-Talib Asmat-Nizam
Published: August 2021

Organic food is becoming popular among today's millennial consumers because of increased awareness of healthy lifestyles. Scholars and practitioners attempt to understand what drives consumers to purchase organic foods toward developing market domination strategies and tactics. Since organic food tends to be more expensive than non-organic, this study aims to analyze the impact of consumer values on their tendency to buy organic food. Consumption values are an important factor that could drive consumer behavior and their preferences for goods or services. Consumption values are defined in terms of the required benefits from the purchase and consumption of the preferred products. Sheth, Newman, and Gross defined consumption values in terms of practical, social, emotional, epistemic, and conditional values.
What Drives Eco-Design Innovations in European SMEs?
Authors: Danisman Gamze Ozturk
Published: August 2021

Building on the natural-resource-based view, and using a sample of 7,165 European SMEs, this chapter investigates the drivers of eco-design innovations among SMEs under three categories: (1) sustainability-oriented firm capabilities, (2) technological capabilities, and (3) access to finance. The findings reveal that sustainability-oriented capabilities achieved through investments into circular economy are the strongest driver of SMEs' eco-design innovations. Firms' technological capabilities are also found to boost their ability to adopt eco-design innovations. While equity finance increases the possibilities for SMEs to devote resources to eco-design, grant finance is interestingly observed to decrease such possibilities. The more traditionally used form of debt finance remains detached from eco-design implementations. The study contributes to a better understanding of how eco-design practices can be broadened within SMEs and highlights policy recommendations in this regard.
Beverage quality of Coffea canephora genotypes in the western Amazon, Brazil
Authors: Morais Johnnescley Anes de , Rocha Rodrigo Barros , Alves Enrique Anastácio , Espindula Marcelo Curitiba , Teixeira Alexsandro Lara , Souza Carolina Augusto de
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the beverage quality of Coffea canephora genotypes in different environments of the western Amazon to assist plant selection and new cultivar development. To analyze beverage quality, samples of cherry coffee beans were collected separately for each genotype from clonal competition trials installed in the municipalities of Ouro Preto do Oeste, Alta Floresta do Oeste, Porto Velho, and Ariquemes in Rondônia State and Rio Branco in Acre State (Brazil). The beverage quality was assessed using the Robusta Cupping Protocol, which attribute to each genotype a score in a range from 0 to 100, highlighting nuances. Analysis of variance and principal components using reference points were used to quantify genotype x environment interaction (G x E). The analysis of variance indicated that genotypic and G x E interaction effects were significant (p < 0.01). By using a centroid dispersion method, we could identify four clones of low, eight of specific (to favorable or unfavorable environments), and seven of broad adaptability to the environments. The clones BRS 2314, 11, and 17 had average quality scores above 80 in all environments, with potential for specialty coffee production. The clones BRS 1216, BRS 3220, and BRS 3193 presented unstable behavior, with beans of higher quality in some of the evaluated environments. Such inconsistency in clone behavior is caused by unpredictable changes in plant performance in different environments. Our results indicate that both genotypic (clones) and G x E interaction effects are important for the expression of coffee beverage quality. However, the clones BRS 3213, BRS 3210, and BRS 2299 had less prominent nuances, with lower potential for specialty coffee production.
Intelligent Pipe, A New Monitoring Solution For Your Wells
Authors: Bulard Francois-Xavier , Tavernier Emmanuel , Deroubaix Antoine , Caruso Umberto
Published: August 2021

Well integrity to prevent catastrophic damage has always been a key focus of the Oil and Gas industry and Oil and Gas operators keep working to reinforce it.

Today, well integrity data available throughout the life of the well remains limited. Being able to know the wellbore parameters at different depths would help operators anticipate and identify problems throughout the life of their well. In addition, knowing the exact performances of each pipe will provide operators with the actual safety margin they have against well load cases, therefore allowing them to better monitor the well, based on real well data.

The integration of a pressure and temperature sensor element in tubulars is possible thanks to the use of MEMS (Microelectromechanical systems) technology. Low-power consumption combined with an adapted transmission technology opens the door to the use of this intelligent technology inside an O&G well. Embedded sensors allow operators to access previously inaccessible well areas in real time. The qualification of this technology is carried out in a way as to ensure the integrity of the system and its long-term viability.

This paper will present an innovative intelligent tube solution, from its qualification to its deployment. This solution will change the way wells are monitored. By combining the data retrieved by the sensors with the actual resistance of each pipe in the well, operators will be able to adjust their production parameters while ensuring the safety of their installation.

This approach is new and, leveraging the latest IoT technologies, opens a new era for easier and optimized data-based Oil and Gas well monitoring.
An Innovative ECA Approach For Reeled CRA Welds And Its Validation Programme
Authors: Jones Richard , Sriskandarajah Dr Thurairajah , Zhou Dr Daowu , Hymers James , Munro Kieran , Chan Hung Hing , Roberts Graeme
Published: August 2021

This paper presents an innovative defect growth ECA methodology for pipeline girth welds and its validation programme, applied specifically to reeling ECA of pipelines with under-matched strength welds.

The ECA method is a tear-fatigue approach that accounts for the blunting limit in JR curves during pipe spooling and reel-lay. Fatigue crack growth may occur by low cycle high stress fatigue and by tearing, but the latter only if the crack tip opening displacement exceeds the blunting limit.

Conventional ECA with BS7910 is limited because the weld's strength needs to be over-matched. Alternative industry methods for the application of FEA to under-matched strength welds are computationally more intensive than the presented innovative approach.

Fatigue crack growth for low cycle high stress fatigue is calculated using Paris’ Law in the approach but, if the crack tip opening due to the tearing mechanism is less than the blunting limit then tearing growth is zero. With the innovative method, if the crack tip opening displacement exceeds the blunting limit then the tearing defect growth is included. Hence, the method is a combined tear-fatigue approach.

Welded pipe strings were fabricated from pups composed of clad material; i.e. carbon backing steel pipe with a 3 mm layer of corrosion resistant alloy (CRA) on the inner circumference.

Each test string was approximately 10.5m long and fabrication was from a mix of six 0.5m length pups in the central zone of each string and two longer end pups. Three girth welds included EDM notches for test purposes which simulated planar flaws. The notches were on the extreme tension fibre, as the test string gets pulled to the reel former in a reeling test rig.

Full scale reeling simulations involved pulling the test strings up to 6 times to the reel former in a reeling test rig. Measurement of defect growth associated with the EDM notches was by scanning electron microscope (SEM), from specimen segments extracted from the test strings.

Predictions of defect growth were by finite element models in combination with pipe-specific data that was the outcome of an associated small-scale test programme.

Validation of the ECA-by-FEA approach is by a predictive best estimate study, for which there is excellent agreement between the measured values and the calculated defect growths. The ECA-by-FEA approach is conservative for project work, as shown by a high estimate study and an offset blunting limit study.

Early development of the ECA approach was for small diameter CRA pipelines during the execution of the Guara-Lula project (Sriskandarajah et al, 2015). The presented full-scale tests, innovative defect growth measurement by scanning electron microscope and the FEA and defect growth calculations were full validation of the approach, with pipe strings that had outer diameter of 323.9mm.
Nuestra arbitraria y cada vez más improductiva fragmentación del campo de estudios de la religión
Authors: Frigerio Alejandro
Published: August 2021

En este trabajo se argumenta que en los estudios de la religión predomina una delimitación excesivamente restricta del "campo religioso", el cual posee límites borrosos y superposiciones con otros campos “vecinos” pobremente definidos (espiritualidad, esoterismo, religiosidad popular, salud). Esto se debe principalmente a la utilización de perspectivas teóricas que son simultáneamente catolicocéntricas, modernocéntricas y eclesiocéntricas, y a una aplicación poco reflexiva del concepto de "campo religioso" de Bourdieu. La diferenciación arbitraria en subáreas de especialización e incumbencia produce ámbitos de especialización académica con poca comunicación entre estudiosos, dificultando interpretaciones abarcadoras e integradoras de las subáreas. Se brinda así una visión muy empobrecida y restringida de la “diversidad religiosa”, fragmentando demasiado artificialmente nuestro objeto de estudio, y esencializando diferencias entre actividades y actores que en la vida cotidiana de los sujetos están muy entrelazados. Se proveen dos ejemplos empíricos que muestran cómo esta subdivisión invisibiliza la diversidad religiosa en el pasado argentino y dificulta su comprensión.
Peripheral Neuropathy in Leprosy: Clinical Manifestations and Disability in a Colombian National Referral Center
Authors: Trujillo-Ramirez Laura , Palacios-Ariza María Alejandra , Pradilla Ivan , Gamboa Luis Arturo
Published: August 2021

Objective: To describe the neurological features of the physical examination in patients with Hansen’s disease who were treated in Bogotá, Colombia.Methods: We carried out a descriptive study of all patients with a Hansen’s disease diagnosis treated at a referral center between 2003-2018.Results: There were 327 eligible electronic health records (EHRs) with a final sample of 282 subjects. Leprosy was most common in males (57.45%), median age at the diagnosis was 54 years, and lesions of the lower limbs were more common (75.1%). The median time from disease onset to consult was 12 months. Most of them were classified as having lepromatous leprosy (39.7%). Pain over the median nerve trunk was the most common manifestation of disease (28%), followed by pain over the radial trunk (22%). Sensitive alterations were more common than motor ones. Specifically, the posterior tibial nerve was affected in nearly half of subjects. Dual impairment was more common in the ulnar nerve (13.8%). Some disability was apparent in 23.8% of subjects; predominantly grade 1 disability.Conclusion: Findings regarding age, leprosy type, and the frequency of individual nerve compromise were consistent with reports from other countries. Nerve trunk thickening was infrequent, which might be a consequence of subjectiveness in the examination and sample differences in sex distribution, degree of disability and time since disease onset. The frequency of morbidity and disability found in this sample, though low when compared with other series, fails to meet public health goals, including those limiting disability in younger subjects.
Ecological assessment of the lowland relit forest “Bosco delle Sorti della Partecipanza” in Trino (North-Western Italy), applying Diptera Syrphidae as bioindicators
Authors: Maritano U.
Published: August 2021

The survey has been realized in the lowland relict forest Bosco delle Sorti della Partecipanza, a site situated in Trino (Piedmont, North-Western Italy), to assess the ecological conservation level of forest habitats using the Syrph the Net methodology. 67 species were recorded, using three Malaise traps, seven Emergence traps and several Net transect in the year 2020. Among these species, 6 are reported for the first time in Piedmont region, 19 are considered decreasing at European level and 2 are threatened in Europe. Forest habitats under scrutiny in the study area are oak-hornbeam mesophilic woodland and alluvial alder lowland. The data analysis allowed to compare observed with expected syrphids for each habitat. At the ecosystem level, the ecological integrity of the forest is moderately negative but the alluvial alder forest macrohabitat can be considered good and overall saproxylic and saprophagous species are particularly well-preserved. The presence of a high number of rare or decreasing species makes Trino wood an important source of biodiversity in Po Plain.
Effect of an air cleaner on thoron progeny
Authors: Bigu J , Edwardson E
Published: August 2021

The effect of an air cleaner on 220Rn progeny atmospheres has been studied in a Radon/Thoron Test Facility (RTTF) of the walk-in type. The air cleaner consists basically of a fan and a special filter material sandwiched between two metal screens, to which an
electric field is applied. The filter is of the polarized media type and uses fibre glass as material. The fan and filter system are housed in a metal case. Air is drawn from the back of the case by means of the fan and forced through the 'electrical' filter where removal of 220Rn progeny occurs.
Radon-220 progeny 'depleted' air is discharged at the top of the device. Tests were conducted in 220Rn/220Rn progeny atmospheres when the air cleaner was operating, and when it was turned off. Very pronounced effects were observed during the operation of the device, namely: a dramatic decrease in
the 220Rn progeny concentrations and the total aerosol concentration, as well as a large increase in the 220Rn progeny unattached fractions and the plate-out of these radionuclides on the walls of the RTTF. The air cleaner has potential in industrial applications, which should be
explored.
Effet des filtres en céramique sur la quantité de mutagènes dans les gaz d'échappement des moteurs diesel
Authors: Mogan J P
Published: August 2021

Les résultats des tests d'Ames de mutagénicité effectués avec des extraits de suie provenant des gaz d'échappement de moteurs diesel semblent reliés au risque de tumeur du poumon résultant de l'exposition chronique à ces
produits. La comparaison des activités Ames des gaz filtrés et non filtrés nous donne donc une indication de l'effet probable de l'exposition prolongée à des gaz d'échappement filtrés.
Les essais en laboratoire ont montré que l'activité spécifique de l'extrait de gaz filtrés (sur filtre Corning) n'était pas supérieure de plus de 25 % à l'activité de base et était généralement inférieure à celle-ci en
présence de catalyseurs (imprégnés sur le substrat ou ajoutés au carburant). En raison de la forte diminution de la quantité d'extrait, la concentration de mutagènes n'atteignait guère que 5 à 15 % de la valeur de base.
Un essai de 1000 heures dans une mine a donné des activités allant de 2,4 à 275 % de l'activité de base, et des concentrations allant de 16 à 220 % de la concentration de base moyenne. Cela semble bien indiquer que les réactions de régénération
intermittente, probables avec ces filtres sans catalyseur, laissait suffisamment de temps pour la production, et la libération périodique dans l'air de la mine, de substances (comme des composés nitrés) qui augmentent l'activité mutagène. La détection
d'activités jusqu'à 5 fois supérieures à la valeur de base lors d'essais de régénération avec un chauffage auxiliaire semble confirmer cette explication des variations.
D'une façon générale, les tests d'Aines sur les extraits de gaz filtrés semblent indiquer une faible augmentation de l'activité mutagène pour les filtres sans catalyseurs (mais inférieure aux autres systèmes habituellement utilisés, comme les catalyseurs
en nid d'abeilles), et une forte diminution de la concentration de mutagènes (en raison de la réduction de la fraction soluble de la suie). Les filtres catalysés ne semblent pas entraîner d'augmentation de l'activité, probablement parce que la réaction de
régénération entraîne une libération continue des produits.
The Effect Of Third Party Funds (DPK), Non Performing Financing (NPF), And Indonesian Sharia Bank Certificates (SBIS) On Sharia Banking Financing Distribution In Indonesia
Authors: Pradesyah Riyan , Triandhini Yuyun
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of DPK, NPF, and SBIS either partially or simultaneously on the distribution of Islamic banking financing in Indonesia. In this research , using quantitative methods and the type of data used is secondary data. The sample used in this study is data on total financing, DPK, NPF and fund placement in Islamic Commercial Bank SBIS which are contained in the monthly Islamic Banking Statistics published by the Financial Services Authority for the period 2015 - 2019. The data analysis technique used in this study is test classical assumption, multiple linear regression and hypothesis testing. The results of this study were processed in the SPSS 22 program.The results showed that partially (t test) the DPK variable had a positive effect on the distribution of financing. This was evidenced by the t count (56.185)> (1.67252) t table and the sig value. 0.000 < 0.005. The NPF variable has a negative effect with t count (-3.914) <(1.67252) t table and sig. 0.000 < 0.005. The SBIS variable has no effect, as evidenced by the t count (1.536) <(1.67252) t table and the sig value. 0.130 > 0.005. Taken together (F test) shows that DPK, NPF, and SBIS have a significant effect on financing distribution as evidenced by the value of F count (1565,122)> (2.77) F table and sig. 0.000 < 0.005. The adjusted R2 value is 0.988, which means that the DPK, NPF and SBIS variables affect the distribution of financing by 98.8% while the remaining 1.2% is influenced by variables outside of this research .