bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resistance Is Active
Authors: Foley John F.
Published: September 2009

Tumor cells that have active PI3K signaling are resistant to the inhibitory effects of dietary restriction on tumor growth.
Spreading AMPylation?
Authors: Adler Elizabeth M.
Published: September 2009

Fic domains from bacteria and humans can AMPylate Rho family guanosine triphosphatases.
RNases Signal Stress
Authors: Ray L. Bryan
Published: September 2009

In yeast and mammalian cells, RNAses coordinate responses to stress by cleaving tRNA and through an activity-independent mechanism.
HIV Infection of T Cells: Actin-in and Actin-out
Authors: Liu Yin , Belkina Natalya V. , Shaw Stephen
Published: September 2009

The coordinated activities of various actin-binding proteins facilitate entry of HIV into T cells.
Fat-Fighting Feedback
Authors: Ray L. Bryan
Published: September 2009

A gene-therapy–administered feedback loop restores body weight regulation in a mouse model.
Suffocating Worms
Authors: Ray L. Bryan
Published: September 2009

Enzymes that catalyze synthesis of ceramide lipids influence survival of worms during anoxia.
Akt Demoted in Glioblastoma
Authors: Vogt Peter K. , Hart Jonathan R.
Published: September 2009

PKCα is an essential component of a pathway linking EGFR signaling to mTOR and cell proliferation in glioblastoma.
Dragged by a Newborn Peptide
Authors: Adler Elizabeth M.
Published: September 2009

Membrane recruitment of
XBP1u
mRNA by its nascent polypeptide facilitates its splicing.
Signaling by Gasotransmitters
Authors: Mustafa Asif K. , Gadalla Moataz M. , Snyder Solomon H.
Published: September 2009

Nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide act as messengers in the cardiovascular, immune, and nervous systems.
Oxidative Stress Mediates Sensory Decline
Authors: Gough Nancy R.
Published: September 2009

Oxidative modification of a potassium channel in
C. elegans
mediates decreased chemotaxis in old worms.
Inducible RNase Prevents Autoimmune Disease
Authors: Gough Nancy R.
Published: September 2009

Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling increases the expression of a gene encoding Zc3h12a, which has RNase activity and degrades specific cytokine mRNAs.
Tactical Target
Authors: Hurtley Stella M.
Published: September 2009

Targeted knockout of only part of the γ-secretase complex lessens toxicity and still improves disease phenotypes.
Nitric Oxide Links Mitochondrial Fission to Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Westermann Benedikt
Published: September 2009

β-Amyloid–induced nitrosylation of a GTPase involved in mitochondrial fission is neurotoxic.
Infections and Defense
Authors: Hines Pamela J.
Published: September 2009

An enzyme in tomato targets bacterial virulence to change the outcome of infection from susceptibility to immunity.
A Second Act for Antiandrogens
Authors: Kiberstis Paula A.
Published: September 2009

A drug that binds to the androgen receptor acts by disrupting its activity in the cell nucleus.
The Quest for Long-Distance Signals in Plant Systemic Immunity
Authors: Parker Jane E.
Published: September 2009

Infected plant tissues generate diffusible signals that prime defenses in the rest of the plant.
Integrative Analysis of Genome-Wide RNA Interference Screens
Authors: Berndt Jason D. , Biechele Travis L. , Moon Randall T. , Major Michael B.
Published: September 2009

By integrating RNAi screens with protein-protein interaction data, drug-protein interaction data, or disease-genotype data, researchers can focus their efforts on the best hits.
Synaptic Tag Tagged
Authors: Stern Peter
Published: September 2009

The protein Vesl-1S fulfills the synaptic tagging hypothesis for the maintenance of input-specific action of neuronal networks.
Promoting Dimerization
Authors: Adler Elizabeth M.
Published: September 2009

EGFR autophosphorylation affects ligand-binding affinity.
TGF-β Signaling Not Required
Authors: Wong Wei
Published: September 2009

The type III TGF-β receptor inhibits migration through β-arrestin 2 and Cdc42.
Inhibiting Met
Authors: Adler Elizabeth M.
Published: September 2009

Decorin, known for inhibiting tumor growth, triggers the down-regulation of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases.
Controlling Trafficking with a Ubiquitin Switch
Authors: Gough Nancy R.
Published: September 2009

A monoubiquitinylation cycle appears to control the distribution of Lst2, a protein that contributes to the delivery of EGFR to lysosomes.
Last Fly Standing
Authors: Gough Nancy R.
Published: September 2009

Happyhour, a Ste20-like kinase that inhibits epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, increases the sedative response to ethanol.
Escape by Trace Amine
Authors: Wong Wei
Published: September 2009

The trace amine tyramine mediates fast inhibitory synaptic transmission by activating a ligand-gated chloride channel in
C. elegans
.
Signaling in Absentia
Authors: Ray L. Bryan
Published: September 2009

The absence of signaling by the hormone auxin in a small group of cells is essential for seed formation in
Arabidopsis
.
A CRAC in the Oscillatory Code?
Authors: Adler Elizabeth M.
Published: September 2009

Even in the presence of cytoplasmic Ca
2+
oscillations, influx through CRAC channels can provide a local Ca
2+
signal crucial to activation of gene expression.
Anti-Aging
Authors: Pickersgill Helen
Published: September 2009

Induction of the hypoxic response in a worm slows aging and enhances resistance to proteotoxicity.
Catching Your Breath
Authors: Adler Elizabeth M.
Published: September 2009

Nicotine attenuates the response of neonatal adrenal chromaffin cells to hypoxia by increasing the abundance of K
ATP
channels.
Transcriptional Repressor Dissected
Authors: Vinson Valda
Published: September 2009

A protein kinase can specifically target arginine residues in a transcription factor to regulate its DNA binding.
Signaling Activity in Vivo
Authors: VanHook Annalisa M.
Published: September 2009

FRET analysis reveals temporal and spatial patterns of Cdc42 activation in individual cells and the whole fly embryo.
Redressing the Balance
Authors: Foley John F.
Published: September 2009

Inhibition of NF-κB activity in osteoblasts promotes bone formation.
Of Far and Wee1
Authors: Adler Elizabeth M.
Published: September 2009

Pom1 gradients coordinate cell division with cell size.
Neurotransmission in Living Color
Authors: Hurtley Stella
Published: September 2009

Optical tracking of neurotransmitter release in the brain reveals multiple synaptic populations that depend on brain activity.
Putting on the Brakes: Cyclic AMP as a Multipronged Controller of Macrophage Function
Authors: Peters-Golden Marc
Published: September 2009

The diverse actions of cAMP on inflammatory responses are due in part to the assembly of distinct multiprotein complexes.
The Vitamin D Sterol–Vitamin D Receptor Ensemble Model Offers Unique Insights into Both Genomic and Rapid-Response Signaling
Authors: Mizwicki Mathew T. , Norman Anthony W.
Published: September 2009

Different Vitamin D conformations binding to different pockets of a flexibile receptor could elicit distinct responses.
Kinetic Control of NF-κB
Authors: Gough Nancy R.
Published: September 2009

Complex formation, protein processing, and biosynthesis contribute to the rapid and long-term responses to stimuli that activate NF-κB.
Sensorin Reporter
Authors: Hurtley Stella M.
Published: September 2009

Live-cell microscopy reveals local translation during long-term facilitation of
Aplysia
sensory-motor synapses.
Controlling Chronic Viral Infections
Authors: Mueller Kristen
Published: September 2009

The cytokine interleukin-21 has a profound impact on virus-specific T cell responses to chronic infections in mice.
Endogenous Angiogenesis Inhibition
Authors: Adler Elizabeth M.
Published: September 2009

Inhibition of angiogenesis by DSCR1 through the VEGF-calcineurin pathway may contribute to decreased incidence of tumors in Down syndrome.
JNK Slowdown
Authors: Wong Wei
Published: September 2009

The mutant Huntingtin protein inhibits fast axonal transport by activating a JNK isoform that is enriched in brain.
Idolizing Cholesterol Control
Authors: Kiberstis Paula A.
Published: September 2009

Cholesterol metabolism is regulated by a signaling pathway that targets the low density lipoprotein receptor for degradation.
Caspase-8 for Outer Harmony
Authors: Sollberger Gabriel , Beer Hans-Dietmar
Published: September 2009

Ablation of caspase-8 in keratinocytes activates proliferative and inflammatory responses in the epidermis.
Instruction, Not Selection
Authors: VanHook Annalisa M.
Published: September 2009

Cytokines can act as instructive cues in hematopoiesis.
Down-Regulating Destruction: Phosphorylation Regulates the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Nedd4-2
Authors: Snyder Peter M.
Published: September 2009

Phosphorylation of Nedd4-2 regulates epithelial Na
+
transport.
Elixi-TOR of Life?
Authors: Foley John F.
Published: September 2009

Inhibition of mTOR by dietary rapamycin extends life span in mice.
The Grim RIPper
Authors: Ray L. Bryan
Published: September 2009

The protein kinase RIP3 mediates necrotic cell death, likely through regulation of metabolic enzymes.
More Than Meets the Eye
Authors: Foley John F.
Published: September 2009

The transcriptional coactivator and tyrosine phosphatase EYA4 also acts as a threonine phosphatase to enhance innate immune responses.
Master Controller
Authors: Pickersgill Helen
Published: September 2009

Coordination of the genes that regulate lysosomal biogenesis occurs via a shared sequence motif and one transcription factor.
Keeping Calm
Authors: Hurtley Stella M.
Published: September 2009

Possible drug alternative for rapid treatment of anxiety disorders could replace benzodiazepines.
Focus Issue: Unraveling Signaling Complexity
Authors: Gough Nancy R. , Foley John F.
Published: September 2009

Dynamics adds to the complexity of signaling networks.
Science Signaling
Podcast: 28 July 2009
Authors: Yaffe Michael B. , VanHook Annalisa M.
Published: September 2009

Science Signaling
's Chief Scientific Editor discusses complexity in signaling networks.
Proteomic Revelation: SUMO Changes Partners When the Heat Is On
Authors: Flick Karin , Kaiser Peter
Published: September 2009

A system-level view of SUMOylation dynamics shows the importance of SUMOylation to the heat shock response.
Multiple Apoptotic Mechanisms
Authors: Adler Elizabeth M.
Published: September 2009

Par-4 functions extracellularly as well as intracellularly to elicit apoptosis in malignant cells.
Mapping the Neuronal Map
Authors: Hurtley Stella M.
Published: September 2009

The mouse olfactory topographic neural map is self-organized by interactions between axons, not directed by the target.
Expanding Sulfonylurea Mechanisms
Authors: Ray L. Bryan
Published: September 2009

A drug used to enhance insulin secretion in diabetes has a previously unrecognized protein target.
A
heartless
Switch in Signaling
Authors: Wong Wei
Published: September 2009

FGF ligands released from different cell types trigger distinct glial behaviors through the same receptor.
Actin and Microtubule-Based Cytoskeletal Cues Direct Polarized Targeting of Proteins in Neurons
Authors: Arnold Don B.
Published: September 2009

Delivery of proteins to axons or dendrites depends on interactions between molecular motors and the cytoskeleton.
Muscle Doping
Authors: Wong Wei
Published: September 2009

Muscle-specific IGF-1 overexpression may be a possible treatment for spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy.
miRNA Regulation Through Ligand Occupancy of a Nuclear Hormone Receptor
Authors: Rougvie Ann E.
Published: September 2009

Ligand occupancy of DAF-12 determines whether transcription of
let-7
family miRNAs occurs during
C. elegans
development.
When Repair Is Suicide
Authors: Gough Nancy R.
Published: September 2009

Persistent elevated calcium in apoptotic cells triggers fusion of lysosomes with the plasma membrane, producing the membrane-associated hallmarks of programmed cell death.
Minimizing Plasticity
Authors: Adler Elizabeth M.
Published: September 2009

Modulation of calcium buffering and extrusion may provide a mechanism for regulating long-term potentiation.
The Mechanotransduction Machinery of Hair CellsA presentation from the 48th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB), San Francisco, 13 to 17 December 2008.
Authors: Grillet Nicolas , Kazmierczak Piotr , Xiong Wei , Schwander Martin , Reynolds Anna , Sakaguchi Hirofumi , Tokita Joshua , Kachar Bechara , Müller Ulrich
Published: September 2009

Studying genes linked to deafness identifies components of the ear's mechanotransduction apparatus.
Training for Peer Review
Authors: Gough Nancy R.
Published: September 2009

Graduate students and postdocs may benefit from formal training in peer reviewing.
A Dual-Function Nox Partner
Authors: Wong Wei
Published: September 2009

Riboflavin kinase provides a cofactor for NADPH oxidase and recruits it to tumor necrosis factor receptor 1.
Analysis of Signaling Events by Dynamic Phosphoflow Cytometry
Authors: Firaguay Guylène , Nunès Jacques A.
Published: September 2009

State-specific antibodies combined with flow cytometry detect the activity of signaling pathways.
cAMP Signaling Timer
Authors: Gough Nancy R.
Published: September 2009

The cAMP pathway appears to mediate both activation and deactivation of the transcription factor Phox2a.
Damage, Signal, Maneuver
Authors: Riddihough Guy
Published: September 2009

A chromatin remodeling complex targeted by poly(ADP ribosyl)ation plays a role in DNA repair.
Fascin-Actin Rab Bristles
Authors: Hurtley Stella M.
Published: September 2009

Development of sensory bristles in flies depends on controlling the colocalization of actin assembly on membranes.
Tissue Damage Sensor
Authors: Ray L. Bryan
Published: September 2009

Release of a proteoglycan at sites of tissue damage can activate the innate immune system.
A New Dawn for Neurite Growth?
Authors: Adler Elizabeth M.
Published: September 2009

The mitotic kinase Aurora A regulates microtubule dynamics during neurite extension.
Regulation of Cancer Invasion by Reactive Oxygen Species and Tks Family Scaffold Proteins
Authors: Weaver Alissa M.
Published: September 2009

Tks proteins organize NADPH oxidase activity and localized production of reactive oxygen species in invasive cells.
His and Hers Receptors
Authors: VanHook Annalisa M.
Published: September 2009

Related receptor-like tyrosine kinases are differentially required in male and female gametophytes for fertilization.
Channel Shutdown
Authors: Foley John F.
Published: September 2009

A viral protein inhibits the function of a K
+
channel to prevent infected cells from undergoing apoptosis.
Desperately Seeking Glucose
Authors: Kiberstis Paula A.
Published: September 2009

Glucose deprivation can drive the acquisition of certain oncogenic mutations in human cancer cells.
Negative Guidance System
Authors: Wong Wei
Published: September 2009

Neutralization of vascular endothelial growth factor by its soluble receptor provides guidance cues during sprouting angiogenesis.
BMP15 Mutants Lose Their Heads
Authors: Ray L. Bryan
Published: September 2009

Inhibitory effects of bone morphogenetic protein 15 may explain effects on development and adult infertility.
Human-Specific Genes May Offer a Unique Window into Human Cell Signaling
Authors: Stahl Philip D. , Wainszelbaum Marisa J.
Published: September 2009

Analysis of human-specific genes may reveal, at the molecular level, what makes humans human.
Glycoprotein 96-Mediated Presentation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1)-Specific Human Leukocyte Antigen Class I-Restricted Peptide and Humoral Immune Responses to HIV-1 p24
Authors: Gong XiaoYan , Gai WeiWei , Xu JunQiang , Zhou Wei , Tien Po
Published: September 2009

Viral antigens complexed to heat shock proteins (HSPs) can enhance antiviral immunity. The present study evaluated the immunogenicity of a novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1B′ (HIV-1B′)-specific, human leukocyte antigen A2 (HLA-A2)-restricted peptide (FLQSRPEPTA, Gag448-457) and the cellular immune adjuvant effect of HSP gp96 using the HLA-A2 transgenic mouse model. It was found that gp96 could augment cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte responses specific for the 10-mer peptide of HIV-1B′. This study also evaluated the humoral immune adjuvant effect of HSP gp96 and its N-terminal fragment (N336) and found that immunization of BALB/c mice with a mixture of gp96 or its N-terminal fragment and HIV-1 p24 antigen or with an p24-N336 fusion protein resulted in a significant increase in anti-HIV p24 antibody titer. These results demonstrate the possibility of using gp96 and its N fragment as adjuvants to augment cellular and humoral immune responses against HIV-1 infection.
New Approach for Diagnosis of Candidemia Based on Detection of a 65-Kilodalton Antigen
Authors: Berzaghi Rodrigo , Colombo Arnaldo Lopes , de Oliveira Machado Antonia Maria , de Camargo Zoilo Pires
Published: September 2009

Nosocomial candidiasis is a major concern in tertiary care hospitals worldwide. This infection generally occurs in patients with degenerative and neoplastic diseases and is considered the fourth most frequent cause of bloodstream infections. Diagnosis of candidemia or hematogenous candidiasis has been problematic because clinical signs and symptoms are nonspecific, leading to delays in diagnosis and, consequently, delays in appropriate antifungal therapy. We developed an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of a 65-kDa antigen in an experimental model of candidemia and for diagnosis of patients in intensive care units (ICUs) with suspected candidemia. An anti-65-kDa monoclonal antibody was tested for detection of the 65-kDa antigen produced by
Candida albicans
,
Candida tropicalis
, and
Candida parapsilosis
in murine candidemia models. The 65-kDa antigen was detected in sera at concentrations ranging from 0.012 to 3.25 μg/ml. A total of 20 human patients with candidemia were then evaluated with the inhibition ELISA using sequential sera. Sixteen (80%) patients had the 65-kDa antigen in concentrations ranging from 0.07 to 5.0 μg/ml. Sequential sera from patients with candidemia presented three different patterns of antigenemia of the 65-kDa molecule: (i) total clearance of antigenemia, (ii) initial clearance and relapse of antigenemia, and (iii) partial clearance of antigenemia. Our results indicate detection of the 65-kDa protein may be a valuable tool for the diagnosis of candidemia by
C. albicans
,
C. tropicalis
, and
C. parapsilosis
.
Influence of the Tissue Microenvironment on Toll-Like Receptor Expression by CD11c+Antigen-Presenting Cells Isolated from Mucosal Tissues
Authors: Takenaka Shunsuke , McCormick Sarah , Safroneeva Ekaterina , Xing Zhou , Gauldie Jack
Published: September 2009

It is recognized that functional activities of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in mucosal tissue sites differ from those of systemic APCs; however, it is unknown whether there are further differences between APC populations residing in different mucosal sites. In this study, we directly compared murine CD11c+APCs isolated from colon, lung, and spleen and found that APCs isolated from these tissues differ considerably in Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression and responses to in vitro TLR ligand stimulation. We also provide evidence that tissue microenvironments dictate distinct patterns of TLR expression by CD11c+APCs in different mucosal tissues. Moreover, CD11c+cells isolated from different tissues have varied capacities to induce the development of T helper 1 (Th1), Th2, or regulatory CD4+T cells. Thus, unique tissue microenvironments have a significant influence on determining TLR expression by CD11c+cells that migrate to and reside in each mucosal tissue and are likely to modulate their functional activities.
BBK07, a Dominant In Vivo Antigen ofBorrelia burgdorferi, Is a Potential Marker for Serodiagnosis of Lyme Disease
Authors: Coleman Adam S. , Pal Utpal
Published: September 2009

One of the recently identifiedBorrelia burgdorferiimmunogens, BBK07, is characterized for its expression in the spirochete infection cycle and evaluated for its potential use as a serodiagnostic marker for Lyme disease. We show that the BBK07 gene is expressed at extremely low levels in vitro and in ticks but is dramatically induced by spirochetes once introduced into the host and is highly expressed throughout mammalian infection. In contrast, the expression of BBK12, a paralog of BBK07 with 87% amino acid identity, although expressed in vitro, remained undetectable in vivo throughout murine infection and in ticks. BBK07 is localized in the outer membrane, and the amino-terminal domain of the antigen is exposed on the microbial surface. A truncated BBK07 protein representing the amino-terminal domain is able to effectively detect antibodies toB. burgdorferi, both in experimentally infected mice and in humans. Further characterization of the immunodominant antigens ofB. burgdorferi, such as BBK07, could contribute to the development of novel serodiagnostic markers for detection of Lyme disease.
Incidence of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Shanghai, China
Authors: Fang Feng-Qin , Fan Qi-Shi , Yang Zhi-Jun , Peng Yi-Bing , Zhang Li , Mao Ke-Zi , Zhang Yue , Ji Yu-Hua
Published: September 2009

A city-wide cytomegalovirus serosurvey was conducted in Shanghai, China, and associated parameters were calculated by employing the catalytic model. The lowest seroprevalence was 60.37%, found in the >1- to 3-year age group. The value increased rapidly with age until 25 years, when a value of 97.03% was found, caused by the high force of infection (12.69) and by the reproductive rate (8.89).
Reemergence of Enterovirus 71 in 2008 in Taiwan: Dynamics of Genetic and Antigenic Evolution from 1998 to 2008
Authors: Huang Sheng-Wen , Hsu Yun-Wei , Smith Derek J. , Kiang David , Tsai Huey-Pin , Lin Kuei-Hsiang , Wang Shih-Min , Liu Ching-Chung , Su Ih-Jen , Wang Jen-Ren
Published: September 2009

In recent years, enterovirus 71 (EV71) has been a cause of numerous outbreaks of hand-foot-and-mouth disease, with severe neurological complications in the Asia-Pacific region. The reemergence in Taiwan of EV71 genotype B5 in 2008 resulted in the largest outbreak of EV71 in Taiwan in the past 11 years. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that dominant genotype changes from B to C or C to B occurred at least three times between 1986 and 2008. Furthermore, antigenic cartography of EV71 by using neutralization tests revealed that the reemerging EV71 genotype B5 strains formed a separate cluster which was antigenically distinct from the B4 and C genotypes. Moreover, analyses of full-length genomic sequences of EV71 circulating in Taiwan during this period showed the occurrence of intra- and interserotypic recombination. Therefore, continuous surveillance of EV71 including the monitoring of genetic evolution and antigenic changes is recommended and may contribute to the development of a vaccine for EV71.
Human Cytomegalovirus IE1-72 Protein Interacts with p53 and Inhibits p53-Dependent Transactivation by a Mechanism Different from That of IE2-86 Protein
Authors: Hwang Eung-Soo , Zhang Zhigang , Cai Haobin , Huang David Y. , Huong Shu-Mei , Cha Chang-Yong , Huang Eng-Shang
Published: September 2009

Infection of host cells with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) induces cell cycle dysregulation. Two HCMV immediate-early (IE) proteins, IE1-72 and IE2-86, are promiscuous transactivators that have been implicated in the dysregulatory events. Cellular p53 protein is accumulated to high levels in HCMV-infected cells, but the indicative marker of p53 transcriptional activity, p21, is markedly decreased. Both IE1-72 and IE2-86 were able to transactivate the p53 promoter and interact with p53 protein in DNA-transfected or HCMV-infected cells. HCMV UL84, a multiregulatory protein expressed in early periods of HCMV infection, also interacted with p53. HCMV IE1-72 prevented or disrupted p53 binding to p53-specific DNA sequences, while IE2-86 and/or UL84 enhanced p53 binding and induced supershift of this DNA-protein complex. Both HCMV IE1-72 and IE2-86 were able to inhibit p53-dependent transcriptional activation in plasmid-transfected cells. IE1-72, rather than IE2-86, was found to be responsible for p21 downregulation in HCMV-infected HEL cells. DNA transfection analysis using IE1-72 mutants revealed that exon 2/3 and the zinc finger region of IE1-72 are essential for IE1-72's effect on the repression of p53-dependent transcriptional activation. These data suggest that HCMV IE1-72 and/or IE2-86 transactivates the p53 promoter and induces p53 accumulation, but HCMV IE1-72 represses the p53 transactivation activity by a unique binding hindrance mechanism different from that of IE2-86. Thus, various modes of viral IE proteins and p53 interactions might result in multiple outcomes, such as stimulation of cellular DNA synthesis, cell cycle progression and cell cycle arrest, and prevention of program cell death.
Protective Efficacy and Immunogenicity of an Adenoviral Vector Vaccine Encoding the Codon-Optimized F Protein of Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Authors: Kohlmann Rebekka , Schwannecke Sarah , Tippler Bettina , Ternette Nicola , Temchura Vladimir V. , Tenbusch Matthias , Überla Klaus , Grunwald Thomas
Published: September 2009

Adenoviral vectors (AdV) have received considerable attention for vaccine development because of their high immunogenicity and efficacy. In previous studies, it was shown that DNA immunization of mice with codon-optimized expression plasmids encoding the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV F) resulted in enhanced protection against RSV challenge compared to immunization with plasmids carrying the wild-type cDNA sequence of RSV F. In this study, we constructed AdV carrying the codon-optimized full-length RSV F gene (AdV-F) or the soluble form of the RSV F gene (AdV-Fsol). BALB/c mice were immunized twice with AdV-F or AdV-Fsol and challenged with RSV intranasally. Substantial levels of antibody to RSV F were induced by both AdV vaccines, with peak neutralizing-antibody titers of 1:900. Consistently, the viral loads in lung homogenates and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids were significantly reduced by a factor of more than 60,000. The protection against viral challenge could be measured even 8 months after the booster immunization. AdV-F and AdV-Fsol induced similar levels of immunogenicity and protective efficacy. Therefore, these results encourage further development of AdV vaccines against RSV infection in humans.
Molecular Chaperone BiP Interacts with Borna Disease Virus Glycoprotein at the Cell Surface
Authors: Honda Tomoyuki , Horie Masayuki , Daito Takuji , Ikuta Kazuyoshi , Tomonaga Keizo
Published: September 2009

Borna disease virus (BDV) is characterized by highly neurotropic infection. BDV enters its target cells using virus surface glycoprotein (G), but the cellular molecules mediating this process remain to be elucidated. We demonstrate here that the N-terminal product of G, GP1, interacts with the 78-kDa chaperone protein BiP. BiP was found at the surface of BDV-permissive cells, and anti-BiP antibody reduced BDV infection as well as GP1 binding to the cell surface. We also reveal that BiP localizes at the synapse of neurons. These results indicate that BiP may participate in the cell surface association of BDV.
Packaging of Host mY RNAs by Murine Leukemia Virus May Occur Early in Y RNA Biogenesis
Authors: Garcia Eric L. , Onafuwa-Nuga Adewunmi , Sim Soyeong , King Steven R. , Wolin Sandra L. , Telesnitsky Alice
Published: September 2009

Moloney murine leukemia virus (MLV) selectively encapsidates host mY1 and mY3 RNAs. These noncoding RNA polymerase III transcripts are normally complexed with the Ro60 and La proteins, which are autoantigens associated with rheumatic disease that function in RNA biogenesis and quality control. Here, MLV replication and mY RNA packaging were analyzed using Ro60 knockout embryonic fibroblasts, which contain only ∼3% as much mY RNA as wild-type cells. Virus spread at the same rate in wild-type and Ro knockout cells. Surprisingly, MLV virions shed by Ro60 knockout cells continued to package high levels of mY1 and mY3 (about two copies of each) like those from wild-type cells, even though mY RNAs were barely detectable within producer cells. As a result, for MLV produced in Ro60 knockout cells, encapsidation selectivity from among all cell RNAs was even higher for mY RNAs than for the viral genome. Whereas mY RNAs are largely cytoplasmic in wild-type cells, fractionation of knockout cells revealed that the residual mY RNAs were relatively abundant in nuclei, likely reflecting the fact that most mY RNAs were degraded shortly after transcription in the absence of Ro60. Together, these data suggest that these small, labile host RNAs may be recruited at a very early stage of their biogenesis and may indicate an intersection of retroviral assembly and RNA quality control pathways.
Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Protein 3C Domains Necessary for Lymphoblastoid Cell Growth: Interaction with RBP-Jκ Regulates TCL1
Authors: Lee Sungwook , Sakakibara Shuhei , Maruo Seiji , Zhao Bo , Calderwood Michael A. , Holthaus Amy M. , Lai Chiou-Yan , Takada Kenzo , Kieff Elliott , Johannsen Eric
Published: September 2009

B lymphocytes converted into lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) by an Epstein-Barr virus that expresses a conditional EBNA3C require complementation with EBNA3C for growth under nonpermissive conditions. Complementation with relatively large EBNA3C deletion mutants identified amino acids (aa) 1 to 506 (which includes the RBP-Jκ/CSL [RBP-Jκ] binding domain) and 733 to 909 to be essential for LCL growth, aa 728 to 732 and 910 to 992 to be important for full wild-type (wt) growth, and only aa 507 to 727 to be unimportant (S. Maruo, Y. Wu, T. Ito, T. Kanda, E. D. Kieff, and K. Takada, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
106:
4419-4424, 2009). When mutants with smaller deletions were used, only aa 51 to 400 and 851 to 900 were essential for LCL growth; aa 447 to 544, 701 to 750, 801 to 850, and 901 to 992 were important for full wt growth; and aa 4 to 50, 401 to 450, 550 to 707, and 751 to 800 were unimportant. These data reduce the EBNA3C essential residues from 68% to 40% of the open reading frame. Point mutations confirmed RBP-Jκ binding to be essential for wt growth and indicated that SUMO and CtBP binding interactions were important only for full wt growth. EBNA3C aa 51 to 150, 249 to 311, and 851 to 900 were necessary for maintaining LCL growth, but not RBP-Jκ interaction, and likely mediate interactions with other key cell proteins. Moreover, all mutants null for LCL growth had fewer S+G
2
/M-phase cells at 14 days, consistent with EBNA3C interaction with RBP-Jκ as well as aa 51 to 150, 249 to 311, and 851 to 900 being required to suppress p16
INK4A
(S. Maruo, Y. Wu, S. Ishikawa, T. Kanda, D. Iwakiri, and K. Takada, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
103:
19500-19505, 2006). We have confirmed that EBNA3C upregulates TCL1 and discovered that EBNA3C upregulates TCL1 through RBP-Jκ, indicating a central role for EBNA3C interaction with RBP-Jκ in mediating cell gene transcription.
Hepatoma Cell Density Promotes Claudin-1 and Scavenger Receptor BI Expression and Hepatitis C Virus Internalization
Authors: Schwarz Anne K. , Grove Joe , Hu Ke , Mee Christopher J. , Balfe Peter , McKeating Jane A.
Published: September 2009

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry occurs via a pH- and clathrin-dependent endocytic pathway and requires a number of cellular factors, including CD81, the tight-junction proteins claudin 1 (CLDN1) and occludin, and scavenger receptor class B member I (SR-BI). HCV tropism is restricted to the liver, where hepatocytes are tightly packed. Here, we demonstrate that SR-BI and CLDN1 expression is modulated in confluent human hepatoma cells, with both receptors being enriched at cell-cell junctions. Cellular contact increased HCV pseudoparticle (HCVpp) and HCV particle (HCVcc) infection and accelerated the internalization of cell-bound HCVcc, suggesting that the cell contact modulation of receptor levels may facilitate the assembly of receptor complexes required for virus internalization. CLDN1 overexpression in subconfluent cells was unable to recapitulate this effect, whereas increased SR-BI expression enhanced HCVpp entry and HCVcc internalization, demonstrating a rate-limiting role for SR-BI in HCV internalization.
Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus Encodes a Regulatory Factor, Rej, Required for Synthesis of Gag Protein
Authors: Hofacre Andrew , Nitta Takayuki , Fan Hung
Published: September 2009

Retroviruses express Gag and Pol proteins by translation of unspliced genome-length viral RNA. For some retroviruses, transport of unspliced viral RNA to the cytoplasm is mediated by small regulatory proteins such as human immunodeficiency virus Rev, while other retroviruses contain constitutive transport elements in their RNAs that allow transport without splicing. In this study, we found that the betaretrovirus Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) encodes within the
env
gene a
trans
-acting factor (Rej) necessary for the synthesis of Gag protein from unspliced viral RNA. Deletion of
env
sequences from a JSRV proviral expression plasmid (pTN3) abolished its ability to produce Gag polyprotein in transfected 293T cells, and Gag synthesis could be restored by cotransfection of an
env
expression plasmid (ΔGP). Deletion analysis localized the complementing activity (Rej) to the putative Env signal peptide, and a signal peptide expression construct showed Rej activity. Two other betaretroviruses, mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) and human endogenous retrovirus type K, encode analogous factors (Rem and Rec, respectively) that are encoded from doubly spliced
env
mRNAs. Reverse transcriptase-PCR cloning and sequencing identified alternate internal splicing events in the 5′ end of JSRV
env
that could signify analogous doubly spliced Rej mRNAs, and cDNA clones expressing two of them also showed Rej activity. The predicted Rej proteins contain motifs similar to those found in MMTV Rem and other analogous retroviral regulatory proteins. Interestingly, in most cell lines, JSRV expression plasmids with Rej deleted showed normal transport of unspliced JSRV RNA to the cytoplasm; however, in 293T cells Rej modestly enhanced export of unspliced viral RNA (2.8-fold). Metabolic labeling experiments with [
35
S]methionine indicated that JSRV Rej is required for the synthesis of viral Gag polyprotein. Thus, in most cell lines, the predominant function of Rej is to facilitate translation of unspliced viral mRNA.
Programmed health surveillance and detection of emerging diseases in occupational health: contribution of the French national occupational disease surveillance and prevention network (RNV3P)
Authors: Bonneterre Vincent , Faisandier Laurie , Bicout Dominique , Bernardet Cyril , Piollat Jacques , Ameille Jacques , de Clavière Caroline , Aptel Michel , Lasfargues Gérard , de Gaudemaris Régis ,   for RNV3P
Published: September 2009

Objective

The French national occupational disease surveillance and prevention network (RNV3P) includes the 30 occupational disease consultation centres in university hospitals to which patients are referred for potentially work-related diseases, and an occupational health service. The aim of this work is to demonstrate the contribution of RNV3P to national health surveillance.

Methods

Data from consultations are recorded in standardised occupational health reports and coded using international or national classifications. Programmed health surveillance is carried out through annual follow-up of annual referrals to experts for pre-selected disease–exposure associations, as well as incidence estimations for the well characterised working population followed by the occupational health service. Hypotheses on new emerging diseases are generated using statistical methods employed in pharmacosurveillance and by modelling as an exposome to analyse multiple exposures.

Results

58 777 occupational health reports were collected and analysed from 2001 to 2007. Referrals to the 30 university hospital centres increased significantly for asbestos-related diseases, mood disorders and adjustment disorders related to psychological and organisational demands, and for elbow and shoulder disorders related to manual handling. Referrals significantly decreased for asthma and for rhinitis related to exposure to organic dusts (vegetable or animal) or chemicals, except for cosmetics and cleaning products. Estimation of incidences by the occupational health services showed different patterns in different sectors of activity. The methods for detecting emerging diseases are presented and illustrated using the example of systemic sclerosis, identifying new exposures and new sectors of activity to be investigated.

Conclusion

The RNV3P collects data from two complementary samples: 30 university hospital centres (workers or former workers) and an occupational health service (current workers). This dual approach is useful for surveillance and for hypothesis generation on new emerging disease–exposure associations.
Excitation Energy of 3B1 State of H2O Calculated from Generalized Oscillator Strengths
Authors: Klump Kirby N. , Lassettre Edwin N.
Published: September 2009

Generalized oscillator strengths have been determined for the 7.4 e V excitation in H2O at initial electron kinetic energies from 300 to 600 eV and squared momentum changes (of the colliding electron) to 4.5 a.u. These data are employed, in an approximate formula developed by Lassettre and Dillon, to calculate the excitation energy of the lowest 3B1 state of H2O. The value obtained, 7.0 eV, is in good agreement with accurate quantum chemical calculations and with experiment. The estimated uncertainty, based on errors found for CO and He, is 0.1 eV. This is a plausible estimate, not an upper bound.
Torsional Potential Function of Glyoxal
Authors: Durig J. R. , Bucy W. E. , Cole A. R. H.
Published: September 2009

We have shown, using the fact that glyoxal exists in the trans conformer and the pseudo stable cis conformer, a potential function can be calculated which fits the infrared data of the trans conformer and the microwave intensity data of the cis conformer. This potential function was extended to the d1 and d2 analogs. A study of the potential function of 1,3-butadiene using a different molecular geometry than was previously used was undertaken. Results are presented with different possible vibrational assignments and potential functions which would be consistent with the observed infrared and Raman spectra.
The Zeeman Effect in Triplet States of Rotating Asymmetric Molecules
Authors: Brand J. C. D. , Lauro C. di , Liu D. S.
Published: September 2009

Intermediate field theory is used to obtain the matrix elements which determine the action of a homogeneous magnetic field on the energy levels of triplet states of asymmetric rotor molecules. Applications of these formulas are discussed (i) in relation to the Zeeman effect on the rotational fine structure of triplet–singlet transitions, where conditions are identified under which individual lines remain unbroadened by the field, and (ii) in connection with the magnetic tuning of singlet–triplet resonance.
CS2+(B2Σu+, A2Πu → X2Πg) Fluorescence from Photoionization Excitation of CS2 Vapor
Authors: Lee L. C. , Judge D. L. , Ogawa M.
Published: September 2009

CS2+(B2Σu+, A2Πu → X2Πg) fluorescence bands produced by irradiation of CS2 vapor with emission lines from λλ462–977 Å were analyzed and their production cross sections measured. The assignments for the emission bands of the bending transitions, B2Σu+(0ν0) → X2Πg(0ν0), have been suggested. Using the tentatively assigned positions of the band heads for the A2Πu(ν00) → X2Πg(000) transitions the ionization potentials for the A2Πu(ν00) vibrational levels were obtained and found to be in good agreement with the photoelectron data. The splitting constant of the spin–orbit interaction for the A2Πu state was thereby determined to be 169 ± 20 cm−1. The CS2+(A2Πu, B2Σu+ → X2Πg) fluorescence has exceptionally high production cross sections at the absorption bands associated with the n = 3 members of the Rydberg series III and V.
The Microwave and Millimetre Wave Spectrum, Molecular Constants, Dipole Moment, and Structure of Isocyanic Acid, HNCO
Authors: Hocking W. H. , Gerry M. C. L. , Winnewisser Gisbert
Published: September 2009

The microwave and millimetre wave spectra of six isotopic species of isocyanic acid, HNCO, have been measured. The molecule is a very slightly asymmetric prolate rotor. Besides the a type R branches, previously reported for two species, we have assigned for the first time a type Q branches and also some intense b type P and R branch transitions. Accurate values of the rotational constants have been determined. The rotational constant A0 is particularly large, with the result that the molecule undergoes very large centrifugal distortion, and terms up to the 12th power in the angular momentum are required to fit the spectrum. 14N nuclear quadrupole hyperfine splitting has been measured and accurate values for both χaa and (χbb − χcc) have been obtained, the latter for the first time. From the Stark effect of the b type transitions we have found the b component of the dipole moment to be 1.35 ± 0.1 D, an order of magnitude larger than previously supposed, and have used it to reinterpret earlier data indicating a variation of the a component with Ka. An improved molecular structure has been obtained. Astrophysical consequences of the large b component of the dipole moment are discussed. A table of transitions of potential astrophysical interest is presented.
The Electronic Absorption Spectrum of Thioformaldehyde
Authors: Judge R. H. , King G. W.
Published: September 2009

The electronic absorption spectra of thioformaldehyde and thioformaldehyde-d2 have been obtained. Preliminary results of vibrational and rotational analyses are given.
SEC Vidicon Spectra of Geminid Meteors, 1972
Authors: Millman Peter M. , Clifton K. Stuart
Published: September 2009

The SEC Vidicon, a low light level closed circuit television system, was used to obtain 137 spectrographic records of meteors at Mt. Hopkins, Arizona, during the Geminid meteor shower in December 1972. Seven of the best Geminid meteor spectra are studied here in detail. The near infrared, out to wavelengths near 9000 Å, is recorded for the first time for Geminids. The spectra, in general, exhibit the elements previously found in photographic records of this shower but show a surprising frequency of occurrence of the forbidden green line of OI at 5577 Å. This line is normally absent from meteors moving as slowly as the Geminids (36 km/s) and its presence in these records may be due to the added sensitivity available with the SEC Vidicon. The average green line duration in Geminid meteors with a luminosity near zero absolute visual magnitude is 0.73 s at a mean height of 95 km, 11 km lower than the green line peak in Perseid meteors of the same luminosity.
On the Ionization Potential of Molecular Oxygen
Authors: Samson James A. R. , Gardner J. L.
Published: September 2009

The ionization potential of O2 has been measured by the technique of high resolution photo-electron spectroscopy taking into account the influence of rotational structure on the shape of the vibrational bands. A value of 12.071 ± 0.001 eV (1027.1 ± 0.1 Å) was found for the ionization potential. This value leads to a dissociation energy of D0(O2+X2Πg) = 6.661 ± 0.001 eV. A lowering of the ionization potential caused by a branch head when ΔN = −2 gave an appearance potential for ionization of 12.068 ± 0.001 eV (1027.4 ± 0.1 Å).
The Emission Spectrum of PtO between 3800 and 4500 Å
Authors: Scullman Rosemary , Sassenberg Ulf , Nilsson Christer
Published: September 2009

A new system belonging to the emission spectrum of PtO has been found in the region of 3800–4500 Å. This system has the earlier known X1Σ ground state as the lower state and a hitherto unknown 1Σ state, here designated the D1Σ state, as the upper state. The four lowest vibrational levels of the D1Σ state were rotationally analyzed. Of these levels, the [Formula: see text] level seems to be unperturbed although the v′ = 1, 2, and 3 levels are strongly perturbed.
Infrared – Radio-frequency Double Resonance Observations of Δ J = 0 ‘Forbidden’ Rotational Transitions of SiH4
Authors: Kreiner W. A. , Oka T.
Published: September 2009

The radio-frequency and microwave spectrum of SiH4 corresponding to ΔJ = 0 ‘forbidden’ rotational transitions between the centrifugal distortion multiplets of levels has been studied by using the method of infrared–microwave double resonance in a laser cavity. Coincidences between the v4 fundamental band of SiH4 and N2O infrared laser lines in the 10 μm region have been used. Seven double resonance signals have been found and four of them were assigned to the J = 5, and J = 9 'forbidden' rotational transitions. From the measured frequencies, the quartic and sextic centrifugal distortion constants were determined as D1 = 74 861 ± 15 Hz, H4t = −7.14 ± 0.3 Hz, and H6t = 6.57 ± 1.1 Hz.
Stark Spectroscopy with the CO Laser: Dipole Moments, Hyperfine Structure, and Level Crossing Effects in the Fundamental Band of NO
Authors: Hoy A. R. , Johns J. W. C. , McKellar A. R. W.
Published: September 2009

The 9–8 P(13) line of the 12C16O laser (1884.349 cm−1) has been used to study laser Stark Lamb dip spectra associated with the R(3/2) line of the rotation–vibration fundamental band of NO. We have observed fully resolved hyperfine structure (line width ≈ 500 kHz) due to both components, Ω = 3/2 and 1/2, of the 2Π ground state. In addition, two level crossing signals have been observed in the v = 1 vibrational state of the 2Π1/2 component. The values we obtain for the electric dipole moment (in Debye) are:[Formula: see text]It was possible to determine μ′ and μ″ separately for the 2Π1/2 component because of the observation of the level crossing signals, which depend only on μ′. Our result for μ″ of 2Π1/2 agrees, within error limits, with a more precise previous measurement by molecular beam techniques, and our other results are more precise than previous determinations based on infrared intensities.
The Emission Spectrum of the CO2+ Ion: Band System
Authors: Gauyacq D. , Horani M. , Leach S. , Rostas J.
Published: September 2009

The [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] transitions of the CO2+ ion were photographed in emission under high spectral resolution. Analysis of the electronic band origin of the [Formula: see text] transition has provided rotational constants which are more refined and extensive than those previously known. The presence of a perturbation at J′ ~ 36.5 in the [Formula: see text] vibronic level was confirmed and a second stronger perturbation was shown to exist for values of J′ < 20.5.The four subbands 0110 2Πg–0100 μ2Σu, 0110 2Πg–0120 2Δu5/2, 0110 2Πg–0120 2Δu3/2, and 0110 2Πg–0100 κ2Σu of the Renner–Teller split [Formula: see text] vibronic transition 010–010 were identified and rotationally analyzed. The results lead to values of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text].
Line Shape – Lifetime Relationship and Emission and Scattering of Light by Polyatomic Molecules
Authors: Robinson G. W. , Berg J. O.
Published: September 2009

A unified theory of ordinary Rayleigh scattering, Raman scattering, and the absorption and reemission of light is presented and discussed from an experimental spectroscopist's point of view. Application to polyatomic molecules presents unique problems which are discussed. The theory should be able to account for experimental results off, near, and on resonance, using weak exciting light sources of various band shapes. The evolution of the Franck–Condon envelope on nearing the resonance region is described, and time dependent aspects of the interaction are treated in a general way. The theory in its present form cannot be used when the light source is so intense that population inversion, multiphoton effects, and stimulated processes take place.