bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE IMPACTS OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON CHILD HEALTH CARE
Authors: Tavares Lacerda Priscilla , Rolim de Oliveira Rafaela , Charllub Pereira Bezerra Yuri , Silva Oliveira Geane
Published: May 2023

Objective: Identify the vulnerabilities that occurred to the detriment of the COVID-19 pandemic in child health care. Method: An integrative literature review based on the guiding question: What were the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on child health care? Then, a search for articles was carried out in the SCIELO, LILACS, BDENF and BVS databases, between August and November 2022, and five articles were found, using the following descriptors: “pandemic”, “child health care in Brazil” and “covid-19 and child health”, using the Boolean operator AND. The inclusion criteria were: articles available for free and literature reviews published in Portuguese between 2015 and 2022, which delimited Brazil as a study scenario and whose sample involved nurses working in child health care during the pandemic period. Theses, monographs and dissertations were excluded from the study. Results: Due to the large scale contamination by the covid-19 virus, health system took emergency measures to contain the virus, causing health systems to readjust their care model. Because of this, there was a big impact on child heath care, especially with regard to monitoring the child’s growth and development and compliance with child vaccination schedule, bringing deficit effects to the child’s health in a long term. Conclusion: It is necessary to reinforce the lines of care for child health care, as well as the active search for newborns during this period to remedy possible deficits in follow up. In addition to strengthening continuing health education, to reaffirm the partnership between partners or guardians and the health system.
MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS IN THE BOTTLES USED IN A DAY CARE CENTER IN THE MUNICIPAL SCHOOL SYSTEM IN THE CITY OF ARARA
Authors: Bivar Cândido Patrícia , Beatriz Varelo Albino Ana , Eduardo Adelino José
Published: May 2023

Baby bottles have become essential tools to aid infant feeding, however, they are objects of easy contamination by microorganisms that can engender pathogens arising mainly from bacteria. Escherichia coli, Citrobacter, Enterobacter and Klebsiella are bacteria that belong to the coliform group and can trigger gastrointestinal disorders, characterized by watery diarrhea, urinary tract infection, pneumonia and meningitis. Failure to properly disinfect baby bottles exposes children to the risk of infection by these agents. The objective of the present work was to carry out a microbiological evaluation for the possible detection of thermotolerant coliforms (E. Coli) in baby bottles used in a public day care center in the city of Arara - PB, where the samples were collected, conditioned in suitable containers and transferred to the laboratory for analysis of the COLItest® kit. Twenty bottles shared by the children were analyzed, which revealed the presence of total coliforms in 85%, among which the presence of Escherichia coli was detected in 23.5%, and only 15% of the total were negative for both strains. The results point to the hypothesis that there are flaws in the hygiene of bottles and the hands of the professionals who handle them, and it is important to instruct them about Good Food Handling Practices (BP).
MEDICAL BIOMAGNETISM AND DETOXIFICATION
Authors: Mara Gomes Regina , Schramm Arleide , Viapiana Bossa Adriane , Mara Rambo Martini Angela , Blanche Mathieu Graf Livia
Published: May 2023

Medical Biomagnetism (MB) is an integrative technique developed by Isaac Goiz Durán. This technique involves the application of Static Magnetic Fields (SMF) on bioelectromagnetic dysfunctions called Biomagnetic Pairs (BMP). The technique identifies pH imbalances in anatomical areas of the body in order to correct them through the application of medium-intensity magnets. In this way, it influences the electrical and biochemical activity of the cell membrane aiming to restore metabolic balance benefiting the elimination of toxins through the body. It leads to prevent and recover Normal Energy Level (NEL) promoting homeostasis. We are increasingly exposed to large amounts of toxins from natural and processed foods, medications, environmental pollutants which overload our organ systems. The body is responsible for detoxifying naturally through cellular metabolism. However, when the body has supra-physiological levels of toxins, this system becomes weakened for this function presenting symptoms. The aim of this study is to present a protocol for MB detoxification of the human body, through descriptive, qualitative, and narrative literature review. A MB detoxification protocol was selected which can be applied by healthcare professionals, therapists, and self-applied as a possible complement to allopathic medicine deserving to be studied.
Improving Mathematics Learning Through Computational Participation
Authors: Flynn Devin , Hughes Janette , Robb Jennifer
Published: May 2023

Computational Participation (CP) expands upon Computational Thinking (CT) by incorporating themes of problem-solving, creativity, and digital collaboration and communication. In the Fall of 2021, we partnered with two school boards to facilitate Professional Learning (PL) sessions with a broad community of educators and co-facilitated learning sessions with select classroom teachers. Both PL and co-facilitation learning sessions related to curriculum expectations for mathematics and coding. Instead of teaching coding for coding’s sake, our goal was to prepare teachers to use coding to help students understand mathematics under the pedagogical framework of CP. The questions guiding our overall research were to identify ways teachers can integrate CP while teaching mathematics in a meaningful way and identify the various learning opportunities that students gain when CP is integrated. Our research indicated that CP results in learning environments supportive of collaborative learning, communication, increased student engagement, and perseverance. In addition to this, teachers experienced a positive shift in their mindset toward cross-curricular planning. One persistent challenge in infusing digital coding with mathematics in this study was the lack of 1-to-1 technology in classrooms, which could interrupt momentum and disrupt student motivation.
Development of technological processes integration for precision agriculture and fire protection
Authors: Katin Oleg , Voroshilov Igor
Published: May 2023

Due to the existing problems of food security in the world, the work aimed at solving them is highly relevant. As a result of the analysis of various approaches in agriculture and fire protection, the need for integration of technological processes was identified. As part of this, a system synthesis of an agro-fire harvester-airship model was performed, which combines all agrotechnologies and precision farming techniques with the functions of extinguishing fires with atmospheric nitrogen separated by a membrane nitrogen station. The simulation results confirming the possibility of extinguishing fires with supersonic streams of cooled nitrogen from a height of 50 m are presented. They confirm that agro-fire combines-airships have an uncomprehensible advantage not only in extinguishing fires of farmland and woodlands, but also in the organization of agriculture, due to the proposed integration of innovative solutions. Keywords: AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES, UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES, AGRICULTURAL AVIATION, FIRE-FIGHTING AVIATION, MEMBRANE AIR SEPARATORS, INTEGRATION OF SAFETY TECHNOLOGIES AND AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES, HYBRID AIRSHIPS
Procedimiento basado en análisis troncales para estimar a posteriori si el rendimiento maderable de un bosque ha sido sostenido a largo plazo
Authors: Zamudio-Sánchez Francisco J. , Alvarado-Segura Arturo A. , De la Cruz-De la Cruz Karen I. , Aguilar-Ávila Maricruz
Published: May 2023

Introducción: El rendimiento maderable sostenido es la capacidad del bosque para mantener su producción a un nivel similar a través del tiempo.Objetivo: Proponer un procedimiento para estimar, a posteriori, si el rendimiento maderable de un bosque ha sido sostenido a largo plazo, mediante la evaluación de las alturas y diámetros alcanzados por árboles de la misma edad, pero establecidos en años diferentes.Materiales y métodos: Los diámetros se obtuvieron de análisis troncales y las alturas se estimaron por interpolación lineal. Los árboles se agruparon por tamaño y se realizaron regresiones de las alturas y los diámetros de árboles de la misma edad establecidos en años diferentes contra el año en que alcanzaron esa edad (YTRA, por sus siglas en inglés). Todos los árboles se analizaron mediante regresión múltiple sin considerar los grupos de tamaño; el modelo incluyó el recíproco de la edad del árbol y el YTRA como variables explicativas de la altura y el diámetro.Resultados: La regresión de alturas y diámetros contra YTRA a edades diferentes (10, 20,…, 70) mostró pendientes positivas, lo que indica que los árboles establecidos recientemente tuvieron mejor crecimiento y que el rendimiento maderable ha sido sostenido a lo largo del tiempo. Los resultados con respecto a todos los árboles en su conjunto coincidieron con los de los árboles por grupos de tamaño y concuerdan con lo que los administradores forestales observaron in situ.Conclusión: El procedimiento proporciona herramientas de uso fácil para la detección de cualquier cambio negativo que pueda poner en peligro la sostenibilidad del rendimiento maderable y para identificar posibles causas e implementar prácticas de manejo correctivas.
Composición de aceite esencial de hojas de Schinus molle L. afectada por el tiempo de extracción y escalamiento del proceso
Authors: Murrieta-Dionicio Ulises , Medrano-Hernández Jessica M. , Guerra-Ramírez Diana , Valle-Guadarrama Salvador
Published: May 2023

Introducción: Schinus molle L. (Anacardiaceae), conocido como pirul en México, es una especie rica en aceite esencial en hojas y frutos.Objetivo: Caracterizar el perfil fitoquímico de aceite esencial obtenido de hojas de S. molle mediante dos sistemas de destilación y distintos tiempos de extracción.Materiales y métodos: Se utilizó un destilador discontinuo Rayleigh de escala intermedia para extraer aceite esencial de hojas de S. molle colectadas en la región central de México. El producto obtenido a distintos tiempos se caracterizó mediante cromatografía de gases y espectrometría de masas (GC-MS). El perfil fitoquímico se comparó con extracto obtenido en aparato Clevenger.Resultados y discusión: El destilador Rayleigh tuvo mayor capacidad de extracción, pero el rendimiento fue 0.6 % menor (P = 0.05) que con el aparato Clevenger a los 120 min. En total se encontraron 37 compuestos, de los cuales 31 estuvieron presentes en el extracto obtenido con destilador Rayleigh, cinco fueron compuestos de baja concentración y uno, catalogado como sesquiterpeno oxigenado, tuvo alta concentración (10.25 %) en el aceite esencial. Con mayor tiempo de extracción, los sesquiterpenos incrementaron y los sesquiterpenos oxigenados disminuyeron. El aceite esencial tuvo presencia mayoritaria de monoterpenos hidrogenados, principalmente de α-felandreno (21.20-28.57 %), limoneno + β-felandreno (19.07-27.78 %), canfeno (3.32-9.93 %), α-pineno (5.74-8.56 %), β-mirceno (2.95-6.91 %) y β-pineno (1.31-3.55 %).Conclusiones: La caracterización del procedimiento de extracción y del perfil químico del aceite esencial de S. molle puede favorecer el aprovechamiento de esta especie.
UPAYA GURU DALAM MEWUJUDKAN PROFESIONALISME DI MADRASAH TSANIWIYAH NW SEMAYA
Authors: Marzuki
Published: May 2023

Peranan yang sangat penting dan startegis terutama dalam membentuk watak anak bangsa serta mengembangkan potensi peserta didik adalah Guru, sehingga upaya dalam mewujudkan profesionalisme Guru merupakan hal yang diharuskan. Adapun jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara, dan metode dokumentasi. Adapun hasil penelitian (1) guru propesional, guru sebagai pengajar, guru sebagai model teladan, guru sebagai evaluator, (2) metode yang digunakan guru dalam mengembangkan pembelajaran pendidikan Agama islam yaitu metode ceramah, diskusi dan tanya jawab. Bahawa dalam menujang profesionalisme guru yaitu memberdayakan kompetensi yang dimiliki oleh guru, kelompok kerja guru, yang mana tujuan dari diadakanya kelompok kerja guru meningkatkan kompetensi peserta kelompok dalam melaksanakan proses belajar mengajar. Metode yang digunakan guru dalam pembelajaran Agama yaitu menggunakan metode yang bermacam-macam guru adalah pendidik profesional dengan tugas utama mendidik, mengajar, membimbing, mengarahkan, melatih, menilai, dan mengevaluasi peserta didik
METODE BELAJAR KELASIK DALAM MEMBENTUK AHLAK DAN KECERDASAN SANTRI
Authors: Muhammad Mirwan Apriadi
Published: May 2023

This research focuses on the following problem formulations: first, how do students and teachers find alternative ways that are easy but efficient for students and teachers to get maximum learning outcomes but not forgetting the morals as the hallmark of Islamic boarding schools, using classical learning methods, Research This study uses the Library Research approach, using the Library Research technique. In the data collection process, the authors use the Library Studies method. In this technique the author tries to include the advantages of learning by using the classical learning method. The data analysis technique used in this study consists of three phases: data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing. In this study the authors found that the use of the classical method is very beneficial if used in today's modern era, because if the use of this method is carried out properly and accurately, what students and students want will be achieved, after reading several magazines and articles we found many things that hinder learning, especially in the field of Ahlak,
STRATEGI GURU DALAM MENINGKATKAN RELIGIUSITAS DI ABAD 21
Authors: Sunariadi M Andre Jaya Saputra
Published: May 2023

Strategi pembelajaran merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat meningkatkan kualitas dalam sebuah proses belajar mengajar.rel;igiusitas siswa adalah hal yang sangat penting untuk menjadikan siswa menjadi insan yang taat dalam beragama sehingga tidak me;langar aturan aturan dalamkehidupan.pemelitian ini meggunakan metode studi pustaka atau yang dikenal dengan library research.dengan meneliti kembali teori teori yang sudah ada kemudian diteliti kembalai guna menemukan kefektifan teori teori tersebut.dari teori teori yang telah ada dapat daiambil kesimpulan yang menjadi solusi dari permasalahan yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini.dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan disini djelasakan bahwa guru dalam Pendidikan agama sangat berperan penting dalam meningkatkan sikap religiusistas siswa,dengan cara terus menanamkan nilai nilai keagamaan melalu strategi strategi yang dapat dialakukan oleh guru Pendidikan agama.strategi yang dapat dilakukan oleh seorang guru Pendidikan dalam m peningkatan religiiusitas siswa diabad 21 yaitu: (1)melakukan oendekatan terhadap siswa agar guru dapat memahami karakter dari siswa,(2)memberikan nasihat dan motivasi kepada siswa(3)menjalin hubungan baik dengan orang tua siswa(4)memberikan motivasi(5)memberikan hukuman ketika siswa tidak menjalakn perintah(6)memberikan pelajaran agama terhadapa siswa melalui cara yang menyenangkan.
Erectile dysfunction as a possible important side effect of metformin: A case report
Authors: Ngu Min Huang , Zakaria Rosnani , Mohd Zulkifli Maryam , Ab Rahman Rahiza
Published: May 2023

Metformin-induced sexual dysfunction is rare in patients with diabetes mellitus. Herein, we present the case of a 57-year-old man newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus who developed erectile dysfunction following treatment with metformin 500 mg BD. Prior to taking metformin, he had well-controlled hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and normal sexual function. Two weeks after beginning metformin therapy, he was diagnosed with erectile dysfunction after experiencing persistent difficulty achieving an erection. After discontinuation of metformin, his sexual function returned to normal. To determine whether sexual dysfunction is caused by metformin, we rechallenged the patient with metformin 500 mg BD. After 15 days, he became impotent again, confirming that metformin was the most likely cause of his sexual problem. Metformin was stopped, and his sexual function returned to normal after 3 weeks. The adverse reaction is ‘probable’ according to the World Health Organization–Uppsala Monitoring Centre.
Global Citizenship Education in Pre-Service Teacher Education: Status and Implementation
Authors: Yadava Dr. Shalini
Published: May 2023

The National Education Policy 2020 champions the cause of Global Citizenship Education at all stages of education. This will naturally entail a big shift in the curriculum so as to include the development of cognitive, behavioural and social-emotional domains of future global citizens .This education shall include the development of attitudes, values and skill sets that prevail upon in developing societies that are peaceful, tolerant and inclusive. In order to evolve as global citizens, students at the tertiary stage of education firstly need to be empowered in understanding the need and relevance of multicultural education which teaches them to respect diversity and inclusion. Secondly the learners need to be equipped as ambassadors of protection of human rights who uphold the values of social justice, equality and equity in all walks of life. This in turn shall go a long way in ensuring their civic participation. Thirdly it is important that as responsible and responsive citizens they contribute to economic development too .This would mean mastering the twenty first century skills including developing an entrepreneurial mindset. For societies to be tolerant and peaceful it is a pre-requisite to manage resources judiciously .GCED therefore shall also include a discourse on environmental conservation and sustainable development in order to sensitise students towards the need for environmental protection. In order to reflect on the modalities of implementation of the mandate of integrating GCED in the higher education curriculum this paper examines the different subjects and pedagogical strategies that may be adopted at the under graduate and post graduate level of pre service teacher education programmes in India. The focus of implementation this paper examined is keeping in mind the development of future teachers, teacher educators, curriculum developers, policy planners and administrators in the field of education who are well equipped as global citizens.
Estimating the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate from one-dimensional velocity measurements in time
Authors: Schröder Marcel , Bätge Tobias , Bodenschatz Eberhard , Wilczek Michael , Bagheri Gholamhossein
Published: May 2023

Abstract. The turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate is one of the most important quantities characterizing turbulence. Experimental studies of a turbulent flow in terms of the energy dissipation rate often rely on one-dimensional measurements of the flow velocity fluctuations in time. In this work, we first use Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) of Stationary Homogeneous Isotropic (SHI) turbulence at Taylor-scale Reynolds numbers 74 ≤ Rλ ≤ 321 to evaluate different methods for inferring the energy dissipation rate from one-dimensional velocity time records. We systematically investigate the influence of the finite turbulence intensity and the misalignment between the mean flow direction and the measurement probe, and derive analytical expressions for the errors associated with these parameters. We further investigate how statistical averaging for different time windows affects the results as a function of Rλ. The results are then combined with Max Planck Variable Density Turbulence Tunnel (VDTT) hot-wire measurements at 147 ≤ Rλ ≤ 5864 to investigate flow conditions similar to those in the atmospheric boundary layer.
Soil organic carbon stocks did not change after 130 years of afforestation on a former Swiss Alpine pasture
Authors: Speckert Tatjana Carina , Suremann Jeannine , Gavazov Konstantin , Santos Maria Joao , Hagedorn Frank , Wiesenberg Guido Lars Bruno
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Soil organic matter (SOM) plays an important role in the global carbon cycle, especially in alpine ecosystems. However, ongoing forest expansion in high elevation systems potentially alters SOM storage through changes in organic matter (OM) inputs and microclimate. In this study we investigated the effects of an Picea abies L. afforestation chrono-sequence (40–130 years) of a former subalpine pasture in Switzerland on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and SOM dynamics. We found that SOC stocks remained relatively constant throughout the chrono-sequence, with comparable SOC stocks in the mineral soils after afforestation and previous pasture (SOC40-year-old forest = 11.6 ± 1.1 kg m−2, SOC130-year-old forest = 11.0 ± 0.3 kg m−2, and SOC pasture = 11.5 ± 0.5 kg m−2). However, including the additional carbon of the organic horizons in the forest, reaching up to 1.7 kg m−2 in the 55-year-old forest, resulted in a slight in-crease in overall SOC stocks following afforestation. We found that the soil C:N ratio in the mineral soil increased in the topsoil (0–5cm) with increasing forest stand age, from 11.9 ± 1.3 in the grassland to 14.3 ± 1.8 in the 130-year-old forest. In turn, we observed a decrease in soil C:N ratio with increasing depth in all forest stand ages. This suggests that litter-derived organic matter (C:N from 35.1 ± 1.9 to 42.4 ± 10.8) is likely incorporated and translocated from the organic horizon to the mineral topsoil (0–10 cm) of the profiles. As roots had very high C:N ratios (pasture 63.5 ± 2.8 and forests between 54.7 ± 3.9 and 61.2 ± 2.9), particulate root-derived organic matter seems to have a minor influence on forest soil C:N ratio and thereby on SOC stock accumulation in the mineral soil. These results suggest that, although the afforestation only moderately affected the SOC stock, there is an apparent alteration in the SOC dynamics through changes of the litter composition caused by the vegetation shift. We conclude that spruce afforestation on a former subalpine pasture does not necessarily change the total SOC stock and that consequently there is no SOC sequestration on a decadal to centennial scale.
Scaling of natural fracture patterns at Swift anticline, NW Montana: the influence of structural position, lithology, and observation scale
Authors: Cawood Adam J. , Watkins Hannah , Bond Clare E. , Warren Marian J. , Cooper Mark A.
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Natural fracture patterns have long been associated with fold formation. Conceptual models of fold associated fractures are used to predict fracture networks and hence subsurface properties such as fracture connectivity, intensity and fluid flow. Subsurface datasets typically lack the resolution or coverage to adequately sample fracture networks in 3D, however, and geometric properties are typically extrapolated from available data (e.g., seismic data or wellbore image logs). Here we assess the applicability of extrapolating fracture properties (orientation, length and intensity) from one observation scale to another in a structurally complex setting and assess the interplay of fracture scaling with geological controls on fracture development. Fracture patterns are investigated at an outcrop exposure of layered carbonate rocks at Swift anticline, NW Montana. Data derived from high-resolution field images, medium resolution digital outcrop data, and relatively low resolution satellite imagery are leveraged to (i) assess interacting structural and stratigraphic controls on fracture development, and (ii) compare estimated fracture properties derived from multiple observation scales. We show that hinge-parallel and hinge-perpendicular fractures (i) make up the majority of fractures at the site, (ii) are consistently oriented with respect to the fold hinge and, (iii) exhibit systematic increases in intensity towards the anticline hinge. These fractures are interpreted as having formed during folding. Other fractures recorded at the site exhibit inconsistent orientations, show no systematic trends in fracture intensity, and are interpreted as unrelated to fold formation. Fracture orientation data exhibit greatest agreement across observation scales at hinge and forelimb positions where hinge-parallel and hinge-perpendicular fracture sets are well developed, and little agreement on the anticline backlimb, where fracture orientations are less predictable and more dispersed. This indicates that the scaling of fracture properties at Swift anticline is spatially variable and partly dependent on structural position. Our results suggest that accurate prediction and extrapolation of natural fracture properties in contractional settings requires assessment of structural position, lithologic variability, and spatially variable fracture scaling relationships, as well as consideration of deformation history before and after folding.
Assessment of plot scale sediment transport on young moraines in the Swiss Alps using a fluorescent sand tracer
Authors: Maier Fabian , Lustenberger Florian , van Meerveld Ilja
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Glacial retreat uncovers large bodies of unconsolidated sediment that are prone to erosion. However, our knowledge of over-land flow (OF) generation and sediment transport on moraines that have recently become ice-free is still limited. To investi-gate how surface characteristics affect OF and sediment transport on young moraines, we installed five bounded runoff plots on two moraines of different ages in a proglacial area of the Swiss Alps. On each plot we conducted three sprinkling experiments to determine OF characteristics (i.e., total OF, peak OF flow rate) and measured sediment transport (peak tur-bidity, sediment concentrations, and total sediment yield). To determine sediment transport distances and to visualize where sediment transport takes place, we used a fluorescent sand tracer with an afterglow, together with UV and LED lamps and a high-resolution camera. The results highlight the ability of this field setup to detect sand movement, even for individual fluorescent sand particles (300–500 µm grain size), and to distinguish between the two main mechanisms of sediment transport: OF-driven erosion and splash erosion. The higher rock cover on the younger moraine with higher surface connec-tivity resulted in longer sediment transport distances and a higher sediment yield. In contrast, the higher vegetation cover on the older moraine promoted infiltration and reduced the length of the sediment transport pathways. The study, thus, demonstrates the potential of the use of fluorescent sand with an afterglow to determine sediment transport pathways, and that these observations can help to improve our understanding of OF and sediment transport processes on complex natural hillslopes.
Intraseasonal and interannual variability of sea temperature in the Arabian Sea Warm Pool
Authors: Li Na , Zhu Xueming , Wang Hui , Zhang Shouwen , Wang Xidong
Published: May 2023

Abstract. The Arabian Sea Warm Pool (ASWP) is a part of the Indian Ocean Warm Pool, formed in the Arabian Sea before the onset of the Indian Ocean summer monsoon. The ASWP has a significant impact on climate change in the Indian Peninsula and globally. In this study, we examined the Intraseasonal and interannual variability of sea temperature in the Arabian Sea Warm Pool using the latest 5-day SODA reanalysis dataset. We quantified the contributions of sea surface heat flux, advection, and vertical entrainment to the sea surface temperature using mixed-layer heat budget analysis. We also used a lead lag correlation method to examine the relationship between the interannual variability of the ASWP and various large-scale modes in the Indo-Pacific Ocean. We found that the ASWP formed in April and decayed in June. Its formation and decay processes were asymmetrical, with the decay rate being twice as fast as the formation rate. During the ASWP development phase, the sea surface heat flux had the largest impact on the mixed layer temperature with a contribution of up to 85 %. Its impact was divided into the net heat flux at the sea surface (0.41–0.50 °C/5 day) and the short-wave radiation loss penetrating the mixed layer (from –0.08 °C/5 day to –0.17 °C/5 day). During the decay phase, the cooling effect of the vertical entrainment (from –0.05 °C/5 day to –0.18 °C/5 day) on the temperature variation increased and dominated the temperature variation jointly with the sea surface heat flux. We also found that the ASWP has strong interannual variability related to the consistent warming of the Indian Ocean basin. The lead lag correlation indicated that ASWP had a good synchronous correlation with the Indian Ocean Dipole. ASWP had the largest correlation coefficient at a lag of 5–7 months of niño3.4 index, showing the characteristics of modulation by ENSO. The ASWP was more significant (insignificant) in the following year before the summer monsoon after an El Niño (La Niña) event that peaked in the previous winter.
Improving the prediction of extreme events with new-generation CRNS probes
Authors: Gazzola Enrico , Stevanato Luca , Morselli Luca , Arnaud Paul
Published: May 2023

It is of the utmost importance to know the water content in a soil, or soil moisture, for its role in triggering destructive events. In recent years, soil moisture has been recognized as a key information to improve wildfire predictions, proving more reliable than predictions based on weather data. Accumulation of water in slopes can reduce cohesion and friction thus triggering landslides and mudslides, while indeed the water quantity in the form of snow (SWE – Snow Water Equivalent) is responsible for avalanches.

Cosmic Ray Neutron Sensing (CRNS) technology provides unique capabilities to determine water content in soil, snow, and biomass by filling the gap left by current methods in term of scale and depth. A single, autonomous probe placed over the ground, requiring little maintenance, is able to provide real-time data on a large scale (hectares), in deep (tens of cm in soil, meters in snow).

The new generation of CRNS probes allows the contextual detection of muons, which provides detailed information about variations of the local flux of incoming cosmic rays. Previous probes rely on a public network of reference stations to monitor flux variations, with the closest station possibly being hundreds of km away from the site and the data availability being reliant on an external entity. On situ monitoring of the incoming flux is therefore a key improvement of the method reliability.

In 2022 ANAS, the Italian company responsible for road infrastructures, funded a Proof-of-concept project called MY-LAND, with the aim of verifying on field the capability of CRNS probes to support risk assessment. In the framework of this project, FINAPP installed two CRNS probes for large-scale soil moisture measurement along the Longarone - Belluno Smart Road, obtaining data that were used together with hydrological models of the area to assess the risk of landslides or flash floods. The first probe was installed in Acquabona (Cortina d’Ampezzo), where a high risk of debris flows is expected, and the second in Perarolo di Cadore, where a landslide is considered a threat to the town.

Two significant landslide events were observed in the sites during the experiment. Results show how CRNS technology, when supported by the knowledge of specific hydrological models of the land and weather forecast, is able to provide a valuable contribution to risk assessments and decisional processes.
Utilizing Unmanned Aerial Systems in River Water Quality Variability Monitoring
Authors: Saddi Khim Cathleen , Miglino Domenico , Jomaa Seifeddine , Rode Michael , Isgro Francesco , Manfreda Salvatore
Published: May 2023

Traditional water quality monitoring in River Systems is both labor intensive and expensive. However, in order to better understand the different phenomena occurring in river systems, it is vital to have robust data available. Satellite observations have been successful in monitoring different environmental systems, but generally, current available spatial resolutions and cloud cover in inland waters limit the monitoring of rivers. Recent developments in the use of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) highlighted the potential to address this gap in environmental monitoring. 

In this study, UAS and image processing techniques were utilized to gather an overview of the water quality variability, specific to turbidity level and pollutant transport, along the Sarno River, which is the most polluted river in Europe, and the river pollution has long been subject to disputes between many sectors. Preliminary findings highlighted the potential of image processing and allowed to identify the  variability in river water quality along the main river by adopting a sampling protocol in several points of the Sarno River. While there were few observations of plastic in river banks, organic transport was mostly observed and interestingly, there is a water quality spatial mixing in the river mouth, which is difficult to observe using traditional in situ point measurements. This study only covers the initial phase of the river monitoring activities. 

Keywords: UAS river monitoring, sediment transport, image processing, spectral indices, remote sensing, drones, water quality assessment

 

References:

Miglino, D., Jomaa, S., Rode, M., Isgro, F., & Manfreda, S. (2022). Monitoring Water Turbidity Using Remote Sensing Techniques. Environmental Sciences Proceedings, 21(1), 63.
morphometric analysis of the Soummam basin using remote sensing and GIS technologies
Authors: hichem yakoub khemmal , Azzedine Hani , Kaddour Benmarce
Published: May 2023

Morphometric analysis is a quantitative description and measurement of landforms. it has an important role in understanding the quantitative geomorphology of a drainage basin across the linear, areal, and relief aspects. Geographical Information System (GIS) and remote sensing technologies are effective in the determination of the morphological characteristics of the basin and make the process of analysis easier than traditional methods. Morphometric analysis is crucial for watershed planning, it reveals pieces of information about soil condition, soil erosion, sediment yields, and water storage capacity, and it also indicates important information concerning the incidence of infiltration, runoff, and flood. The main objective of this study is to assess the morphometric characteristics of the Soummam Basin which is considered one of the most important hydrological areal units in Algeria based on the Digital Elevation Model (ASTER DEM 30m) using Qgis. Morphometric parameters included for this study are: Stream order, stream number, stream length, bifurcation ratio, basin area, stream frequency, form factor, circularity ratio, elongation ratio, drainage density, drainage texture, ruggedness number, constant of channel maintenance, infiltration number, basin relief, and relief ratio. We discussed the affecting factors and the hydrological implications for each one of these parameters for the Soummam basin, its two Sub-basins Sahel and Boussellam, the Ain Zada dam catchment within the Boussellam sub-basin, and the 9 sub-catchments that discharge in the Ain Zada dam catchment with a comparative analysis of these drainage basins. The Soummam basin was designated a seventh-order basin when its two sub-basins had the 6th order and for the sub-catchments that discharge in Ain Zada dam the order of the drainage basin varies from 5th order to 3rd order. The drainage density results were low which indicates that the study area deal with a run-off possesses dominated by infiltration and sub-surface flow, a high permeability, and a dense vegetation cover with a low intensity of rainfall. Form factor, elongation ratio, and circularity ratio results accorded an elongated shape for most of the drainage basins, elongated basins have low pick flow with longer duration. Infiltration numbers results indicated a high infiltration rate and a low run-off. These results are useful for watershed prioritization, and mapping the groundwater recharge potential zone, and they indicate the importance of groundwater potential in the study area, also they can provide scientific material for flood management, water storage, and soil erosion for better watershed management & efficiency better sustainable watershed plan which aim to conserve natural resource
Reproducing in-situ measurements over a high-elevation grassland using HYDRUS-1D and a snow isotope model
Authors: Gentile Alessio , Gisolo Davide , Canone Davide , Ferraris Stefano
Published: May 2023

Stable water isotopes are increasingly used for tracking water fluxes in the critical zone offering new possibilities for model calibration and validation. Past studies revealed that the main discrepancies between simulated and measured values in a soil profile can occur when snow-related processes are under investigation. Indeed, the amount and timing of infiltrated meltwater and its isotopic composition remain largely unexplored to date.

In this work we use HYDRUS-1D (H-1D) to simulate water flux and isotope transport in a soil profile and in vegetation over a high-elevation (2600 m a.s.l.) grassland located in Valle d’Aosta (Italy). The H-1D inputs deriving from snow-related processes are computed in two steps: i) the amount of snowmelt is obtained through a classical degree-day model ii) the meltwater isotopic composition is simulated with a recently proposed snow isotope model which further assumes that any rainfall on a pre-existing snowpack mixes with the water stored in the snowpack. Model results have been compared with in-situ observations, including isotope measurements in both soil water and xylem water.

Our results show a satisfactory correspondence between model outputs and observations, but the raised discrepancies indicate other potential processes at play, e.g., soil freezing and thawing, preferential flow, isotopic fractionation, that will demand future attention. In addition, is still an open challenge to collect both meltwater samples for isotopic analysis and snowmelt measurements to validate the results deriving from models that attempt to reproduce the inputs intended for other models.
Validation potential for Remote Sensing soil moisture products using Cosmic-Ray Neutron Sensing
Authors: Weimar Jannis , Köhli Markus
Published: May 2023

Soil moisture is a key variable to our understanding of heat and water fluxes at the land-atmosphere interface. Satellite-based remote sensing instruments offer soil moisture data sets with global coverage that help advancing climate modeling and weather forecast models. However, the development of algorithms to estimate soil moisture from these satellite missions is complex and depends on several other parameters such as vegetation cover and surface roughness.

This demands for comprehensive reference data sets to validate and calibrate satellite products against but faces a challenge in spatial resolution: Traditional in situ methods measure on a representative horizontal scale of few meters while satellite instrumentation offers a much coarser resolution of hundreds of meters to tens of kilometers. Cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) fills this measurement gap by averaging over the moisture content of the upper soil layers within a footprint of approximately ten hectares. Mobile applications of CRNS extend the method’s coverage to up to a square kilometer. In the recent years the interest was set to understanding neutron transport by Monte-Carlo simulations for complex environmental topographies. As a conclusion, its remarkable performance in signal interpretation allows for a promising prospect of more comprehensive data quality.

With snapshot measurements of soil moisture with a spatial resolution of 50 m and a coverage of up to 1 km2 using mobile CRNS, high-quality data sets can be obtained as ground truthing for remote sensing products. These on demand campaigns can cover different land types and may be combined with existing sensor networks in order to improve soil moisture retrieval algorithms for satellite-based instruments.
Data assimilation of remote sensing observations into hydrological models: challenges and perspectives in light of a new era of Earth observations
Authors: Massari Christian
Published: May 2023

Over the last 40 years remote sensing has significantly changed the way we observe and predict the Earth system, particularly in the oceanographic and meteorological sciences. Today, every General Circulation model (GCM) relies upon advanced and well-established data assimilation (DA) techniques, and Land Surface Models (LSMs) – which are integral components of GCM – have been increasingly using DA to constrain the LSM model predictions with available remote sensing data of hydrological, carbon and energy cycles.

Despite this, the use of DA into hydrological models (HMs) is still operationally limited and the reasons for that lie in 1) the considerable variability between different HMs, with much uncertainty in their respective representations of processes (often conceptual) and their sensitivity to changes in key variables, 2) the contrast between the scale of application of HMs (often smaller than LSMs) and the coarse-scale information provided by remote sensing along with their associated accuracy and, 3) the variety of the data assimilation setups, specificity of the study areas, and pre-processing used by a plethora of studies on the topic which provide a blurred picture on the real benefit of DA of relevant hydrological variables into HMs (e.g. soil moisture, precipitation, snow, terrestrial water storage anomalies).

The recent exponential grown of high-resolution remote sensing data (the European Union's Earth observation Programme Copernicus with the constellation of the Sentinel satellites is a notable example) has potentially opened new opportunities for improving our HMs also for small scale applications.  However, their usefulness is still limited by our ability to analyse and integrate efficiently a large volume of observations with current hydrologic models. In other words, most of the issues mentioned above have been not overcome with a consequent under-exploitation of potentially useful information to constrain HMs.

This contribution aims to summarize the main challenges and opportunities of DA into HMs from a hydrological perspective in light of the availaiblity of new and more skillful Earth observations. It identifies and explains critical challenges by using published literature by the author on European catchments as well as on-going studies, and offers insights for a productive research based on new available models and observations as to build a comprehensive hydrologic data assimilation framework that is a critical component of future hydrologic observation and modelling systems.
The role of agriculture irrigation on the Po river basin hydrological balance
Authors: Ravazzani Giovanni , Mancini Marco , Feki Mouna , Ceppi Alessandro
Published: May 2023

Changes in climate can have profound effects on river systems and cause important variation in availability of water, with significant impacts on uses highly dependent on the hydrological regime, such as hydropower production and agricultural irrigation. Under this circumstances, current amount of water used for irrigation could not be sustainable in the future. This work presents insight into the Po river basin hydrological balance, investigating the impact of irrigation on water resources availability.

The extreme complexity and heterogeneity of processes involved in river basin hydrology requires the use of integrated modelling approaches for water resources planning and management. In this work the FEST-WB model was employed, that is an integrated spatially distributed physically based hydrological model capable to keep into account anthropogenic structures and management practices that interact with natural hydrological cycle such as artificial regulated reservoirs and agricultural irrigation, and interaction of stream and groundwater.

The study is performed in two steps: first, the hydrological model FEST-WB is calibrated and validated against discharge observations; second, the impact of irrigation is assessed through the simulation of different scenario of irrigation strategies.
TEMBO Africa: New sensors and geo-services for water management and agriculture
Authors: van de Giesen Nick , Winsemius Hessel , Annor Frank , Fico Tomáš , Realini Eugenio , Uilenhoet Remko , Peña-Haro Salvador
Published: May 2023

TEMBO Africa is a project funded by the European Commission that seeks to fill some of the many geo-data gaps in Africa. Specifically, TEMBO Africa will produce operational data products for rainfall, river flow, soil moisture, bathymetry, and open water. With these products, new services will be developed for reservoir management, germination insurance, and flood early warnings. The products will be the result of the combination of innovative in situ sensors, satellite observations, and environmental models. There will be at least seven innovative in situ sensing methods involved, namely X-band rainfall radars, neutron counting for soil moisture based on natural boron, commercial microwave links, camera-based velocimetry, bathymetry with fish finders, raindrop intervalometers, and GNSS level sensors. TEMBO Africa is transformative in that it aims to reduce the total costs of ownership of the geo-services to less than 10% of present costs. We do not only look at the capital costs of the sensors but also at reduction of maintenance cost and the availability and development of human resources. For this reason, co-development is essential to ensure that context specific challenges are addressed. In this presentation, we highlight the general design approach and early results.

The work leading to these results has received funding from the European Horizon Europe Programme (2021-2027) under grant agreement n° 101086209. The opinions expressed in the document are of the authors only and no way reflect the European Commission’s opinions. The European Union is not liable for any use that may be made of the information.

    TEMBO Africa 

 
PENGARUH KONFLIK KERJA DAN STRES KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN DI CV. PERDANA JAVA CREATIVE BANDUNG
Authors: Widjaja Yani Restiani , Widhiyanti Irma Sri , Mubarok Ade
Published: May 2023

Kinerja karyawan adalah hasil kerja secara kualitas dan kuantitas yang dicapai oleh seorang pegawai dalam melaksanakan tugasnya sesuai dengan tanggung jawab yang diberikan kepadanya. penelitian ini yaitu bertujuan untuk mengetahui konflik kerja, stres kerja, kinerja karyawan dan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh konflik kerja dan stres kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan di CV. Perdana Java Creative Bandung. Dalam penelitian ini metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dan verifikatif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa konflik kerja berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan, stres kerja berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan, secara simultan konflik kerja dan stres kerja secara bersama-sama berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan di CV. Perdana Java Creative Bandung.

Employee performance is the result of quality and quantity of work achieved by an employee in carrying out their duties in accordance with the responsibilities given. This study aims to determine work conflict, work stress, employee performance and to find out the magnitude of the effect of work conflict and work stress on employee performance at CV. Perdana Java CreativeBandung. In this research the method used is descriptive and verification methods with quantitative approaches. From the results of the study indicate that work conflict has a negative and significant effect on employee performance, work stress has a negative and significant effect on employee performance, simultaneously work conflict and work stress together have a significant effect on employee performance at CV. Perdana Java Creative Bandung.