bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zu Hause in der deutschen Sprache: Zweisprachigkeit und Sprachmischungen in den Texten von Radek Knapp
Authors: Palej Agnieszka
Published: April 2020

Die Schriftsteller mit dem sog. Migrationshintergrund gehören zu denjenigen Menschen, die als Migranten einen einschneidenden Kultur- und auch Sprachwechsel hinter sich haben und deren Lebenslauf durch diesen Wechsel zwischen Sprachen und Lebensformen geprägt ist. Die neue Sprache ermöglicht den Zugang zu einer neuen, anderen Kultur, somit auch den Zugang zu einer neuen kulturellen Identität sowie – last but not least – zu einem neuen Lesepublikum, was im Falle des literarischen Schaffens doch von entscheidender Bedeutung sein kann, weil die Schriftsteller sich absichtlich für einen neuen Adressatenkreis entscheiden. Obwohl man meist in der Sprache den wichtigsten Identitätsmarker sieht und anerkennt, begründet das Deutsche als literarisches Ausdrucks- und Publikationsmedium im Falle der transkulturellen Schriftsteller keine homogenen nationalen Identitäten, sondern erfüllt die Funktion eines Transitraumes, einer-zone, eines transkulturellen Raumes der gegenseitigen Durchdringung und Verflechtung des Kulturellen sowie der Transformation nationaler Zugehörigkeiten und der kulturellen Identität. In den Texten der Migrantenautoren spiegelt sich die Bedeutung des Umgangs mit zwei Sprachen wider, weil die Zweisprachigkeit von Migranten – oft im Zusammenhang mit dem Thema der kulturellen Identität – in der Migrantenliteratur eine Rolle spielt. Die Schriftsteller versuchen, ihre eigene Zweisprachigkeit in die Texte einzubringen, in denen häufig beide Kulturen und Sprachen koexistieren. Im Referat werden ausgewählte Texte von dem polnisch-österreichischen Schriftsteller Radek Knapp einer Analyse unterzogen. Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, wo und wie sich die Zweisprachigkeit und Sprachmischungen in den einzelnen Texten Knapps manifestieren.
Analysis of Selected Quality Features of Wood Pellets
Authors: Gorzelany Józef , Zardzewiały Miłosz , Murawski Piotr , Matłok Natalia
Published: April 2020

The article presents an analysis of the energy, mechanical and chemical properties of pellets made of wood material. According to the manufacturer, wood pellets were made of hard wood shredded to fractions approx. 1 mm thick and up to 3-4 mm long, and of a waste source - sawdust. Measurements of the selected properties were carried out on pellets with a diameter of 6 and 8 mm. Mechanical durability, humidity, crumble rate, ash quantity, calorific value were determined, as well as macronutrient and heavy metals content. The calorific value of pellets, with moisture content from 7.48% to 6.76% and ash content from 0.31% to 0.55%, ranged from 17.71-19.18 MJ·kg−1, which testified to the beneficial energy use of the tested raw material. Based on the conducted research, it was found that the mechanical properties of pellets made of both sawdust and hard wood predispose them for use as boiler fuel. The tested materials met high quality standards for wood pellets used for non-industrial and industrial purposes.
Analysis of the Vacuum-Steam Defrosting Process of Plums Pre-Treated with Dehydrofreezing
Authors: Szparaga Agnieszka , Kocira Sławomir , Subr Alaa , Al-Ahmadi Ameer
Published: April 2020

The research material was prune plums (Prunus domestica L.), subjected to osmotic pre-treatment, with variable process time parameters and osmotic solution concentration. Plums thus fixed were frozen and stored for 6 months. At even (monthly) intervals, the product was defrosted by the vacuum-steam method, using the s-p-p chamber, until the thermocouple indicated a temperature of 4ºC in the sample’s thermal center. In order to study the kinetics of phenomena occurring during the defrosting process, the chamber was equipped with a measuring system to enable measurement and recording of temperature changes in time in the geometric center of the sample, as well as the temperature on the sample surface. The conducted tests proved that the time of vacuum-steam defrosting of fruit depended on the amount of water contained in it. In plums dehydrated in 45-65% sucrose solutions, duration of the defrosting process was shortened already after three months of frozen storage. After 6 months of storage, defrosting of these fruits was twice as fast as that of control samples.
An Experimental Comparison of Approaches to Training Insight
Authors: MacGregor James N. , Cunningham John Barton , Walinga Jennifer
Published: April 2020

The purpose of the research was to investigate different types of training in insight problem solving. In doing so, we reviewed the literature on experimental tests of procedures for training insight problem solving. The results revealed that most procedures focused either on restructuring or divergent thinking, and provided some evidence for the effectiveness of both approaches. However, we found no studies that compared the effects of the two approaches. The article reports two experiments that compared different training procedures based on restructuring and divergent thinking. For the latter, the methods focused separately on fluency, flexibility and originality training. The first experiment compared a restructuring approach with fluency training and a placebo control condition. The results indicated that the restructuring training was significantly more effective than the others, but only when instructions were verbal, not in script form. The second experiment compared restructuring training with flexibility, fluency and originality training, all presented in script form, and the results indicated that the restructuring training was significantly more effective than both fluency training and flexibility training. Implications for future research are discussed.
How Cultural Parenting Impacts Children’s Academics and Creativity
Authors: Kim Kyung Hee , Hua Yi
Published: April 2020

Parent-child interactions are influenced by cultural expectations, beliefs, and values. Chinese parenting is shaped by Confucian principles. Chinese children tend to be more academically successful but less creative than American children. Yet, little is known about how actual parent-child interactions might contribute to this finding. We conducted three case studies using a social constructivist approach to parenting to explore how parent-child interactions in early childhood education might influence children’s academics and creativity. We studied 11 participants from three families: Chinese, interracial (Chinese mother and American father), and American. Through interviews, observations, and artifacts, we found that parenting decisions are influenced by parents’ cultural climates. Chinese parents trained children to learn for academic achievement; American parents encouraged children to pursue their own interests; and inter-racial parents did some of both.
Creativity as the Act of Transcending Oneself and the World: from Creativity to Transcendence
Authors: Citko Katarzyna
Published: April 2020

The text aims to present how creativity and creative behaviours, understood as an act of transcending oneself and the world, can positively influence the fields of art, science, education and upbringing. A constitutional feature of creativity is its ability to transcend what is fixed, tamed and predictable, both individually and globally, at the microcosmic and macro-cosmic level; to transcend what is within us and outside us. The author of the article analyzes the following issues: is there a positive aspect to creativity understood as the act of transcendence? And, given such an understanding of creativity, are all acts of creation, whether they involve the creation of great works of art, the pursuit of science, the processes of education and upbringing, or simply the resolution of daily problems, more spiritual than intellectual?
Factors Associated With Discharge Destination in Community-Dwelling Adults Admitted to Acute General Medical Units
Authors: D'Souza Aruska N. , Granger Catherine L. , Patrick Cameron J. , Kay Jacqueline E. , Said Catherine M.
Published: May 2020

Background and Purpose:

General medical patients often present to the hospital with medical, social, cognitive, and functional issues that may impact discharge destination. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between patient factors at hospital admission and discharge destination in general medical patients.

Methods:

This was a prospective, single-site observational study conducted on the general medical wards at a tertiary hospital. Inpatients admitted to the general medical unit and referred to physical therapy were included. Patients admitted from residential care were excluded.

Main Outcome Measures:

Data were collected a median of 2 days (interquartile range: 1-3) from hospital admission and included demographics, comorbidities (Charlson Comorbidity Index), premorbid physical function (Blaylock Risk Assessment Screening Score, BRASS), current function (de Morton Mobility Index, DEMMI and Alpha Functional Independence Measure, AlphaFIM), and cognition (Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale, RUDAS).

Results:

Between July 2016 and August 2017, 417 patients were recruited (53% female, median age: 81 years (interquartile range: 76-86). Of these, 245 patients were discharged directly home; 172 were not discharged home of whom 140 were discharged to a subacute temporary facility providing further opportunity for therapy and discharge planning. Patients discharged directly home had higher functional, mobility, and cognitive scores. Data were partitioned into training, validation, and test sets to provide unbiased estimates of sensitivity, specificity, receiver operating characteristic curve, and area under the curve. Models best associated with discharge were “DEMMI and toilet transfers” (sensitivity 82.1%, specificity 66.2%, area under the curve 83.8%, 95% confidence interval: 76.4-91.2) and “AlphaFIM and walking independence” (sensitivity: 66.7%, specificity: 83.1%, area under the curve: 81.5, 95% confidence interval: 73.2-89.7).

Conclusion:

Two models were created that differentiated between discharge home and not home and had similar statistical measures of validity. Although the models require further validation, clinicians should consider whether identification of patients likely to be discharged home or not home is of greater relevance for their clinical setting.
Reconsideration of the Research Trajectory on the Carceral State
Authors: Barbera Juliette
Published: April 2020

For decades, both incarceration and research on the topic have proliferated. Disciplines within the Western sciences have studied the topic of incarceration through their respective lenses. Decades of data reflect trends and consequences of the carceral state, and based on that data the various disciplines have put forth arguments as to how the trends and consequences are of relevance to their respective fields of study. The research trajectory of incarceration research, however, overlooks the assumptions behind punishment and control and their institutionalization that produce and maintain the carceral state and its study. This omission of assumptions facilitates a focus on outcomes that serve to reinforce Western perspectives, and it contributes to the overall stagnation in the incarceration research produced in Western disciplines. An assessment of the study of the carceral state within the mainstream of American Political Development in the political science discipline provides an example of how the research framework contributes to the overall stagnation, even though the framework of the subfield allows for an historical institutionalization perspective. The theoretical perspectives of Cedric J. Robinson reveal the limits of Western lenses to critically assess the state. The alternative framework he provides to challenge the limits imposed on research production by Western perspectives applies to the argument presented here concerning the limitations that hamper the study of the carceral state.
Transcending the Veil
Authors: Christie Natasha V. , O’brien Shannon B.
Published: April 2020

This work examines how Barack Obama’s speeches and remarks used various rhetorical techniques to strategically maneuver his rhetoric to address racial issues and represent African American concerns. The results of a content analysis of a selection of Obama’s speeches and remarks confirm that Obama and his speechwriters favored the use of statements of color-blind universalism. However, when making certain remarks regarding civil rights issues or perceived racial issues, the pattern shifted, presenting a rare glimpse of the unbalanced representation of African American concerns. These findings suggest that Barack Obama’s speeches and remarks performed double-consciousness; they used universal, balanced, and targeted universalism rhetorical techniques as a genuine, congruent political style for representing African American concerns as a “raced” politician.
Queering Black Feminism
Authors: Mathews Tayler J.
Published: April 2020

This article explores a Black queer feminist frame of reference as a critical response to the cisnormative and heteronormative Black political science literature. The contours of this frame are derived from the political thought of Cathy J. Cohen. Cohen’s political thought provides an exemplary case of how Black queer feminist political science can address the lacuna in which Black queer and trans individuals are marginalized within, if not excluded from, the literature on Black political thought and behavior. Cohen’s work exposes oppressive systems, demystifies the nature of political power, and inspires counter-hegemonic knowledge production that challenges the rigidity of what and who counts as “legitimate” subjects for political science inquiries. Before synthesizing a sample of Cohen’s political thought, this article succinctly reviews Black political science, including Black feminist political science, detailing its history, problems, trends, and how scholars have tended to carry out Black politics work within the discipline. Black political science is critically placed in its activist-scholar context. This article argues that Black political scientists must continue to look inward, not only considering how race and racist knowledge has structured the discipline, but also how power is distributed among (and between) various groups of Black political scientists themselves. It is Black queer feminism that will continue to advance the radical imperative of Black political science.
High and differential strontium tolerance in germinating dimorphic seeds of Salicornia europaea
Authors: Jiang Li , Tanveer Mohsin , Han Wei , Tian Changyan , Wang Lei
Published: April 2020

Salicornia europaea, a highly salt-tolerant halophyte, is potentially resistant to other metals because plant stress tolerance partly relies on common physiochemical mechanisms. Large median seeds and small lateral seeds of S. europaea have high salt tolerance and display
contrasting germination responses. Thus, we hypothesised that dimorphic seeds of S. europaea might also have high and differential strontium (Sr) tolerance during germination. Both types of seeds were incubated in different SrCl2 concentrations at 25°C. 0-300 mmol L-1
SrCl2 did not significantly affect germination of median seeds. However, for lateral seeds, relatively high concentrations (≥ 200 mmol L-1) dramatically inhibited germination. The simulated critical value (when germination percentage is 50%) was 502 mmol L-1
for median seeds and 224 mmol L-1 for lateral seeds. Dimorphic seeds of S. europaea are highly tolerant to Sr stress and large median seeds display higher tolerance. The results suggest that direct seeding of large seeds of S. europaea might be an effective method
to remediate heavy Sr-polluted soils.
Infatuation in Spark's 'The Notebook'
Authors: Nadhiroh Faridhatun , Hetami Fatma
Published: May 2020

This research is conducted to analyze the infatuation that occurs to the main character, Noah Calhoun in Nicholas Sparks The Notebook. The objective of this research is to describe the main character and the conflicts in Sparks’s The Notebook. It also reveals the main character infatuation and desire based on the concept of psyche using Lacanian psychological approach. This research uses qualitative-descriptive research to answer the question about the infatuation that occurs to the main character and it explains in the form of words. The research results in several findings as follows: 1) the infatuation described in Spark’s The Notebook can be seen through its intrinsic element especially the character and the conflict. The main character, Noah Calhoun is described as a patient, kind, and faithful man. The conflict and the struggle Noah faces through Allie and her family show how Noah cannot move on from Allie. 2) The infatuation occurs to Noah Calhoun show by the concept of psyche using the Lacanian Psychology approach. Based on Noah's concept of psyche analysis tell that the main character, Noah Calhoun is feeling lacks and always looking for Allie to complete his lacks. The main character's psychological development toward his first love brings out the desire to be loved and have his relationship back. The desire tells that Allie is the one Noah needed in his life.

Keywords: infatutation, Lacanian theory, Psychological approach, The Notebook
The Use of Newmark’s Translation Methods in Translating Forman’s Novel 'I Was Here' from English into Indonesian
Authors: Shabitah Wulan , Hartono Rudi
Published: May 2020

This research is aimed to find out and describe the use of Newmark’s translation methods in translating Gayle Forman’s novel I Was Here from English into Indonesian. Qualitative approach is applied because the data of this research are in the form of words, phrases, and sentences. The data of this research are taken from Gayle Forman’s novel I Was Here and its Indonesian translation by Poppy D. Chusfani. There are 1629 dialogue sentences data taken from the novel. In this research, the researcher collects and analyzes the data through examining documents. The data are collected by marking the dialogue sentences in both novels and put them into a table of observation. In doing the analysis, the researcher compares the dialogue sentences in both novels. The analysis of the translation methods is based on Pieter Newmark’s classification of translation methods. The findings of the research show that there are seven out of eight translation methods proposed by Newmark used. They are word-for-word translation method, literal translation method, faithful translation method, semantic translation method, free translation method, idiomatic translation method, and communicative translation method. Based on the frequency of the translation method used in translating the dialogue sentences of the novel which is free translation method shows that the translator wants to make the content and language of the translated text are acceptable and understandable for the target language (Indonesian) readers.

Keywords: dialogue sentences, I Was Here, novel, translation methods
Increased risk of endocrine autoimmunity in first-degree relatives of patients with autoimmune Addison’s disease
Authors: Fichna Marta , Małecki Piotr P , Młodzikowska Mirela , Gębarski Bolesław , Ruchała Marek , Fichna Piotr
Published: April 2020

Objective

Autoimmune conditions tend to cluster in subjects with Addison’s disease (AD) and probably also among their relatives. The aim of the study was to estimate the frequency of the endocrine gland-specific autoantibodies in first-degree relatives of patients with AD.

Methods

Autoantibodies were investigated in 113 family members using RIA and ELISA assays. The control group comprised 143 age-matched volunteers.

Results

Autoimmune diseases were diagnosed in 38.1% relatives. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis was found in 20.3%, Graves’ disease in 8.0%, vitiligo and type 1 diabetes in 3.5%, whereas AD, rheumatoid arthritis and atrophic gastritis with pernicious anaemia in 2.7% each.

All studied antibodies except for islet antigen-2 (P = 0.085) were significantly more frequent in AD relatives than in controls (P < 0.05). Antibodies to 21-hydroxylase were detected in 6.2% relatives, thyroid peroxidase in 28.3%, thyroglobulin in 19.5%, glutamic acid decarboxylase in 8.0%, and zinc transporter-8 in 7.1%. Two and more autoantibodies were detected in 18.6% subjects. Significant gender difference was revealed only for aTPO, more common in female relatives (P = 0.014; OR: 3.16; 95% CI: 1.23–8.12). Circulating autoantibodies were found more frequently in the relatives of affected males (P = 0.008; OR: 3.31; 95% CI: 1.33–8.23), and in family members of patients with polyendocrine autoimmunity (P = 0.009; OR: 3.55; 95% CI: 1.31–9.57).

Conclusions

This study provides evidence of increased susceptibility for the endocrine autoimmunity, especially thyroid disease, in close relatives of patients with AD. Relatives of the male AD patients and of those with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome are at particular risk and should undergo periodic screening for autoimmune endocrine disorders.
Розвиток християнської моралі дітей в українському дошкіллі на початку ХХ століття
Authors: Bilavych Halyna , Mukan Nataliіa , Savchuk Borys , Barabash Olena
Published: April 2020

Формування духовного світу особистості дитини – важлива проблема сьогодення. Одним із чинників цього складного процесу є християнська мораль. У статті проаналізовано розвиток християнської моралі дітей в українському дошкіллі Галичини на початку ХХ століття. Розкрито внесок Української греко-католицької церкви (УГКЦ), митрополита Андрея Шептицького, священика і педагога Юліана Дзеровича, жіночих чернечих згромаджень, освітніх і громадських діячів у процес навчання та виховання дітей, їхній фізичний та моральний розвиток, формування духовності, виховання патріотичних почуттів. Показано діяльність українських громадських товариства в цій царині. Схарактеризовано організаційну структуру українського громадського дошкілля. Автори стверджують про тісний зв’язок національного та християнського (релігійного) виховання в українському дошкіллі. Початки релігійно-етичного виховання дитина отримувала від матері в ранньому дитинстві (вивчення дитячих молитов, перші пояснення про Христа та святих, навчання поведінки в церкві тощо), потім розширювала, поглиблювала вихователька, навчаючи молитов, колядок, дитячих оповідань релігійного жанру, розповідаючи про добро та милосердя, які сповідував Господь. Крізь призму своїх переживань, почуттів дитина пізнавала основи християнської правди.
Формування конкурентоспроможності майбутнього фахівця сфери послуг
Authors: Zavalevskуi Yurii
Published: April 2020

Дослідження сфокусовано на з’ясування особливостей формування конкуренто-спроможності майбутнього фахівця сфери послуг в сучасних закладах професійно-технічної освіти. Зауважено на необхідності подолання суперечності між важливістю подолання потреби економіки у конкурентоспроможних кваліфікованих робітниках і недостатнім теоретико – методичним забезпеченням педагогічного процесу формування цієї якості у майбутніх фахівців сфери послуг. Зроблено висновок про те, що професійно-технічним закладам освіти потрібно формувати систему зазначених ключових якостей майбутнього конкурентоспроможного фахівця сфери послуг та створювати освітні умови за яких буде формуватися його конкурентоспроможність.
Підготовка магістрів – майбутніх педагогів закладів дошкільної освіти: шляхи удосконалення
Authors: Lysenko Nellі
Published: April 2020

У статті розглядаються сучасні підходи до організації процесу підготовки майбутніх педагогів для закладів дошкільної освіти (ЗДО) під час вивчення навчальних фахових дисциплін. У числі обов’язкових фахових дисциплін “Педагогіка дошкільна”, яку пролонговано вивчають від І-го (ІІ семестр) – до ІІІ (VІ семестр) курсів на денній та дистанційній формах навчання. Її викладання спирається на низку теоретико-методоло-гічних підходів (аксіологічний, системний, діяльнісний, компетентнісний, міждисциплінар-ний та ін.), що неподільно функціонують в освітньому процесі (ЗВО) закладів вищої освіти. Фахова дисципліна покликана підготувати студентів до практичної діяльності з дітьми в руслі аксіо-гуманістичної педагогіки. У статті розлого розглянуто концепцію фахової підготовки “навчання через завдання” і охарактеризовано її три важливі орієнтації: гума¬ністичну (збагачення індивідуального та особистісного потенціалу; оволодіння способами творчого самовираження і самореалізації), функціональну, технологічну.
Інтегровані навчальні курси у фаховій підготовці майбутніх вихователів і музичних керівників закладів дошкільної освіти
Authors: Tanko Tetіana , Tararak Nataliіa
Published: April 2020

У статті обґрунтовано доцільність впровадження інтегрованих курсів у процес професійної підготовки майбутніх вихователів і музичних керівників закладів дошкільної освіти. Інтегровані курси музично-педагогічної спрямованості розглядаються як поєднання елементів різних дисциплін, їх предмета та методів на основі системної цілісності. Метою інтеграції музично-педагогічних дисциплін визначено формування професіоналізму майбутнього вихователя і музичного керівника засобами музичного мистецтва та музично-педагогічної діяльності; до специфічних завдань віднесено розширення музичного та музично-педагогічного кругозору майбутніх фахівців дошкільної освіти, формування і розвиток в них музично-педагогічного мислення, творчих якостей особистості, здатності до педагогічної та музично-виконавської імпровізації, а також усунення техніцизму при викладанні музично-теоретичних дисциплін. Обґрунтовано спрямованість змісту інтегрованих дисциплін музично-педагогічного циклу на цілісну діяльність педагогічних кадрів закладів дошкільної освіти. Запропоновано різноманітні форми інтегрованих курсів: від конгломерату відомостей із різних галузей знань до якісно відмінного від нього синтезу дисциплін. Розкрито можливості використання при викладанні інтегрованих курсів музично-педагогічної спрямованості різноманітних спеціальних форм творчих завдань: педагогічний аналіз музичних творів дитячого репертуару, обґрунтування доцільності використання в педагогічному процесі закладу дошкільної освіти певних музичних творів, музично-стильовий аналіз творів дитячого репертуару, педагогічна та музична імпровізація, створення музичних зразків у тому чи іншому стилі, жанрі тощо. Висунуто припущення, що інтегровані курси музично-педагогічної спрямованості можуть посідати в процесі професійної підготовки майбутніх вихователів і музичних керівників закладів дошкільної освіти місце узагальнюючих курсів, оскільки по суті є їх різновидом, причому рівень узагальненості і фахова спрямованість можуть бути різноманітними.
Методологічні засади розвитку духовності дошкільнят в умовах гри
Authors: Klymyshyn Olha
Published: April 2020

В статті представлено авторській підхід до розгляду методологічних засад розвитку духовності дошкільнят в умовах гри. Відправним методологічним положення підходу є трактування духовності як складної динамічної системи смислових утворень особистості, репрезентованої етичним, естетичним, інтелектуальним та екзистенційним змістами процесів відображення та конструювання дійсності. Аргументовано вибір гри як методу розвитку духовності особистості дошкільнят: гра є природовідповідним методом розвитку духовності, оскільки за своїм психологічним змістом максимально наближена до психологічного змісту феномену духовності, а саме – реалізації свободи вибору, діалогічності людини. Подано короткий зміст авторської програми розвитку духовності дошкільнят “Розвиваємо духовність дитини граючись” та описано процедуру реалізації тематичних сюжетно-рольових ігор дидактичного спрямування відповідно до струк¬турних складових духовності особистості.
Теоретичні і практичні підходи до впровадження інклюзивної освіти: сучасні наукові дослідження
Authors: Kudiarska Tetiana
Published: April 2020

Стаття присвячена аналізу праць вітчизняних вчених, які займалися вивченням питання впровадження інклюзивної освіти в Україні, визначення основних категоріальних понять, теоретико-методологічних основ формування новітніх підходів до організації освітнього процесу в інклюзивних закладах, аргументації доцільності застосування специфічних навчально-виховних засобів. Особлива увага у статті приділяється проблемі кадрового забезпечення інклюзивної освіти, необхідності створення команди фахівців для спільної роботи з дитиною з особливими освітніми потребами в кожному випадку зокрема. Наведено приклади структури готовності майбутніх фахівців до роботи в початковій школі як з здоровими дітьми, так і з дітьми з особливостями психофізичного розвитку.
Genetic Characterization of a Wheat Association Mapping Panel Relevant to Brazilian Breeding Using a High-Density Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Array
Authors: Mellers Greg , Aguilera Jorge González , Bird Nick , Variani Bonato Ana Lidia , Bonow Sandro , Caierão Eduardo , Consoli Luciano , Santana Flávio Martins , Simmonds James , Steed Andrew , Montan Torres Gisele Abigail , Uauy Cristobal , Wright Tally I C , Scheeren Pedro Luiz , Nicholson Paul , Cockram James
Published: April 2020

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the world’s most important crops. Maintaining wheat yield gains across all of its major production areas is a key target toward underpinning global food security. Brazil is a major wheat producer in South America, generating grain yields of around 6.8 million tons per year. Here, we establish and genotype a wheat association mapping resource relevant to contemporary Brazilian wheat breeding programs. The panel of 558 wheat accessions was genotyped using an Illumina iSelect 90,000 single nucleotide polymorphism array. Following quality control, the final data matrix consisted of 470 accessions and 22,475 polymorphic genetic markers (minor allele frequency ≥5%, missing data <5%). Principal component analysis identified distinct differences between materials bred predominantly for the northern Cerrado region, compared to those bred for southern Brazilian agricultural areas. We augmented the genotypic data with 26 functional Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) markers to identify the allelic combinations at genes with previously known effects on agronomically important traits in the panel. This highlighted breeding targets for immediate consideration – notably, increased Fusarium head blight resistance via the Fhb1 locus. To demonstrate the panel’s likely future utility, genome-wide association scans for several phenotypic traits were undertaken. Significant (Bonferroni corrected P < 0.05) marker-trait associations were detected for Fusarium kernel damage (a proxy for type 2 Fusarium resistance), identifying previously known quantitative trait loci in the panel. This association mapping panel represents an important resource for Brazilian wheat breeding, allowing future genetic studies to analyze multiple agronomic traits within a single genetically diverse population.
La Opinión Consultiva y los retos que se derivan para la educación religiosa en Costa Rica
Authors: Castro Flores Kattia Isabel
Published: April 2020

La Opinión Consultiva de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos ofrece una interpretación sobre la sexualidad humana, la identidad de género y el concepto de familia, que resulta opuesta a las promovidas por la educación religiosa. Esta discrepancia contribuye a la confrontación social que se experimenta en Costa Rica alrededor de estas temáticas. Se hace necesaria la búsqueda de caminos que promuevan una sana convivencia en medio de la diversidad social y de creencias, que constituyen la identidad costarricense. Palabras clave: educación religiosa, sexualidad humana, identidad de género, concepto de familia, convivencia social
Entre la inspección y el cuidado. La mirada sobre los cuerpos en los programas de afectividad y sexualidad en Costa Rica
Authors: Vindas Sánchez Daniel
Published: April 2020

El presente artículo se propone hacer un análisis teológico y filosófico de los Programas de Afectividad y Sexualidad del Ministerio de Educación Pública Costarricense. En primer lugar, busca comprender el asidero arcaico que influye esta forma de ética sexual, a través de la figura del pedagogo, el abad y el médico. Una de las hipótesis centrales de este trabajo es que estos Programas en gran parte participan de una regla sin monasterio, dentro de un esquema ético que está entre la inspección y el cuidado de sí, de manera que el análisis de estas guías supone de primera entrada, una paradoja.

 

Palabras clave: Cuidado de sí, inspección, cuerpo, sexualidad
The Gol’chikha Formation (Upper Bathonian–Lower Boreal Berriasian) of the Yenisei–Khatanga Depression (West of the North Siberian Lowland)
Authors: Nikitenko B.L. , Devyatov V.P. , Rodchenko A.P. , Levchuk L.K. , Pestchevitskaya E.B. , Fursenko E.A.
Published: April 2020

—The uppermost Bathonian–lowermost Boreal Berriasian clay horizons (Gol’chikha Formation) of the Yenisei–Khatanga regional depression are regarded as probable oil source strata. Considerable core recovery in the Middle Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous sections from the boreholes drilled in the Paiyakhskaya well site and the presence of oils in the overlying strata of the Shuratovo Formation permit us to carry out integrated stratigraphic (bio-, litho-, chemo-, and seismostratigraphic) and geochemical (organic matter and oils) studies of the entire section of the Gol’chikha Formation and boundary beds, to reveal oil-producing horizons, and to compare the genotype and maturation level of their oils with those of the potentially oil source organic matter (OM) of the rocks. A detailed biostratigraphic zonation of the sections of the Gol’chikha Formation based on microfossils has been carried out. Comparison of δ13Corg variations in the Volgian and in the lower beds of the Boreal Berriasian with those in the Barents Sea shelf and in the northeast of East Siberia provided the basis for more accurate definition of the boundaries of stages and substages in the intervals free of fossils in the Paiyakhskaya area. The studied section of the Gol’chikha Formation has been divided into eight lithologic members calibrated with bio- and seismostratigraphic units. The distinctive features allowing the definition of the upper boundary of the Gol’chikha Formation are proposed using GIS data. Analysis of bio- and chemostratigraphic data allowed the correlation of the seismic reflecting horizons defined in the Gol’chikha Formation and its boundaries with the geologic section and relevant litho- and biostratigraphic units. It has been established that the strata with the highest content of organic matter consist of the upper part of the Gol’chikha Formation (the Upper Volgian and basal Boreal Berriasian). According to the vitrinite reflectance data, the OM catagenesis in the Upper Volgian interval corresponds to the oil window, which is confirmed by pyrolysis data. Thus, these strata can be considered oil-producing. The low δ13Corg values confirm the predominantly marine OM composition. Analysis of oils from the Cretaceous productive strata of the Paiyakhskaya area shows that they formed from the marine OM of the upper part of the Gol’chikha Formation at the same accumulation stage. The comprehensive studies of the Gol’chikha Formation in the Paiyakhskaya well site and complete stratigraphic coverage of the sections confirm that they can be considered a hypostratotype.
AKTIVITAS ANTAGONISTIK BAKTERI SELULOLITIK ASAL RHIZOSFER KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) TERHADAP Ganoderma boninense Pat.
Authors: Nisa Miratun , Aini Fitratul , Maritsa Hasna Ul
Published: April 2020

AbstrakPenyakit busuk pangkal batang pada kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) disebabkan oleh Ganoderma boninense Pat. Bakteri selulolitik dari rizosfer kelapa sawit dapat dijadikan agen hayati dalam menghambat pertumbuhan G. boninense. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan bakteri selulolitik dari rizosfer kelapa sawit dan menentukan efektivitasnya dalam menghambat pertumbuhan G. boninense. Tahap penelitian meliputi pengambilan sampel dari rizosfer kelapa sawit, isolasi, pemurnian, uji aktivitas selulolitik, dan uji daya hambat terhadap G. boninense serta identifikasi isolat bakteri yang potensial. Indeks selulolitik bakteri ditentukan dengan pewarnaan congo red 0,1%. Aktivitas penghambatan dilakukan dengan menentukan persentase daya hambat bakteri dalam menghambat G. boninense. Uji efektivitas dengan membandingkan hasil uji T pada taraf 5%. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa dari rizosfer kelapa sawit diperoleh 19 isolat bakteri selulolitik dengan indeks selulolitik tertinggi 4,38 pada isolat LBS1. Berdasarkan uji T dari efektivitas bakteri selulolitik terhadap G. boninense menunjukkan 6 isolat bakteri (LBS3, LBS4, DBS1, DBS7, SBS2 dan SBS6) memiliki nilai efektif atau berpotensi sebagai antagonis dengan persentase daya hambat tertinggi sebesar 40,17% isolat DBS1 yang merupakan genus Flavobacterium.  Harapan kedepannya, bakteri selulolitik yang diperoleh dapat dijadikan agen biokontrol terhadap G. boninense.Abstract Basal stem root disease in oil palm tree (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is caused by Ganoderma boninense Pat. infection. Cellulolytic bacteria from rhizosphere can be used as agents to inhibit G. boninense growth as pathogenic fungi. Purpose of the research is to obtain cellulolytic bacteria from oil palm tree rhizosphere and to determine their effectiveness in inhibiting G. boninense growth. The research stages included sampling from the oil palm tree rhizosphere, isolation, purification, cellulolytic activity test and dual culture test against G. boninense and identification of effective isolates. The cellulolytic index of bacteria was determined by congo red 0.1%. Antagonistic test was conducted to determine persentation of isolate bacteria in inhibit G. boninense and effectiveness test by comparing result of T test at the level 5%. The results showed that there are 19 isolates of cellulolytic bacteria from oil palm tree rhizosphere with highest cellulolytic index 4.38 (isolates LBS1). Based on T test of the effectiveness cellulolytic bacteria against G. boninense showed 6 isolates (LBS3, LBS4, DBS1, DBS7, SBS2, and SBS6) had effective values or potential antagonists with highest percentage inhibition 40.17% isolate DBS1 genus of Flavobacterium. Hope that in the future, cellulolytic bacteria obtained can be used as biocontrol agents for G. boninense.
KONDROGENESIS ADIPOSE-DERIVED STEM CELLS MENGGUNAKAN PLATELET-RICH PLASMA PADA SCAFFOLD SUTRA
Authors: Rosadi Imam , Karina Karina , Wahyuningsih Komang A. , Rosliana Iis , Widyastuti Tias , Sobariah Siti , Afini Irsyah , Barlian Anggraini
Published: April 2020

AbstrakStudi tentang kemampuan adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) sebagai sel punca yang dapat berdiferensiasi menjadi kondrosit menggunakan platelet-rich plasma (PRP) sebagai subtitusi fetal bovine serum (FBS) telah banyak dilaporkan. Penggunaan medium pertumbuhan dengan kombinasi ADSCs, PRP dan scaffold sutra masih belum banyak dipelajari dalam rekayasa jaringan kartilago. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh medium yang mengandung 5%, 10% dan 20% PRP terhadap proses kondrogenesis ADSCs manusia yang dikultur pada scaffold sutra Bombyx mori Indonesia. Metode penelitian diawali dengan pembuatan scaffold sutra menggunakan metode salt-leaching, isolasi dan kultur ADSCs manusia dari jaringan lemak, uji pertumbuhan ADSCs pada scaffold sutra dengan variasi konsentrasi PRP pada medium serta analisis kadar glikosaminoglikan (GAG). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ADSCs yang dikultur menggunakan PRP lebih tinggi laju pertumbuhannya dibandingkan dikultur menggunakan FBS selama 7 hari pengamatan. Kadar GAG yang disekresikan ADSCs kelompok PRP juga lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok FBS. Kadar GAG tertinggi pada hari ke-21 pengamatan adalah medium yang mengandung 20% PRP kemudian 10% dan 5%, sedangkan kadar GAG kelompok kontrol cenderung stabil pada kadar yang rendah. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, medium yang mengandung PRP memiliki potensi dalam menginduksi kondrogenesis ADSCs yang dikultur pada scaffold sutra.Abstract The studies on adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) differentiation into chondrocytes using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as a substitute for fetal bovine serum (FBS) have been reported. However, the combination of ADSCs, PRP and silk fibroin scaffold has not been widely studied for developing cartilage engineering. Therefore, this research aims to study the effect of medium containing 5%, 10% and 20% PRP towards chondrogenesis of human ADSCs cultured on silk fibroin scaffold from Indonesia Bombyx mori. At first, the silk fibroin scaffold was fabricated using a salt-leaching method, then ADSCs were isolated and cultured from adipose tissues. The assays of growth curve and biocompatibility of silk fibroin scaffold toward ADSCs supplemented by PRP as well as glycosaminoglycans (GAG) concentration were conducted later. The results showed that higher absorbance of proliferation rate was on ADSCs supplemented by various PRP concentrations compare to FBS control group for seven days of observation. Level of GAG, which secreted by ADSCs supplemented by a various concentration of PRP, was also higher than the FBS group. The highest level of GAG on day 21 was observed in 20% PRP group then 10% and 5% PRP, while a group of GAG level is stable at low levels. This study concludes that PRP has the potential to induce chondrogenesis ADSCs which cultured on silk fibroin scaffold.
THE GENUS Cnidoscolus Pohl (EUPHORBIACEAE) IN JAVA
Authors: Irsyam Arifin Surya Dwipa , Hariri Muhammad Rifqi , Irwanto Rina Ratnasih , Peniwidiyanti Peniwidiyanti
Published: April 2020

AbstrakInformasi mengenai suku Euphorbiaceae di Pulau Jawa telah direkam dalam buku Flora of Java Volume 1 oleh C.A. Backer and R.C. Bakhuizen van den Brink Jr. Meskipun demikian, informasi terkini mengenai Euphorbiaceae di Jawa belum tersedia sejak buku tersebut terbit. Beberapa jenis tambahan telah ditemukan dari Jawa dan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melaporkan informasi tambahan mengenai Euphorbiaceae yang ada di Jawa. penelitian telah dilakukan di Banten, Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, dan Yogyakarta pada bulan Maret hingga September 2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya suatu marga tambahan di Jawa, yaitu Cnidoscolus Pohl. Marga tersebut hanya terdiri dari satu jenis saja di Jawa, yaitu C. aconitifolius (Mill.) I.M. Johnst. Secara taksonomi, jenis ini dibagi menjadi 2 anak jenis, yakni C. aconitifolius subsp. aconitifolius and C. aconitifolius subsp. polyanthus (Pax & K.Hoffm.) Breckon. Berdasarkan bentuk bunga betinanya, spesimen dari Jawa telah diidentifikasi sebagai C. aconitifolius subsp. aconitifolius. Tumbuhan ini berasal dari Meksiko dan Mesoamerika dan telah umum dibudidayakan sebagai tanaman sayur di Jawa. Di kawasan Malesia, C. aconitifolius telah dibudidayakan sebelumnya di Brunei, Singapura, dan Filipina. Oleh karena itu, keberadaannya di Jawa ditetapkan sebagai sebuah rekaman distribusi baru untuk kawasan Malesia.Abstract The information on Euphorbiaceae in Java island has been recorded in the Flora of Java Volume 1 by C.A. Backer and R.C. Bakhuizen van den Brink Jr. However, the latest information on Euphorbiaceae of Java has not been provided since the book was published. Several additional species have been found from Java and this study aims to report additional information on Euphorbiaceae of Java. The study was carried out in Banten, West Java, Central Java, East Java, and Yogyakarta from March to September 2019. The result of this study shows that there is one additional genus in Java, namely Cnidoscolus Pohl. The genus only consists of 1 species in Java, namely C. aconitifolius (Mill.) I.M. Johnst. Taxonomically, the species was divided into 2 subspecies, i.e. C. aconitifolius subsp. aconitifolius and C. aconitifolius subsp. polyanthus (Pax & K.Hoffm.) Breckon. Based on the pistillate flowers shape, the specimens from Java was identified as C. aconitifolius subsp. aconitifolius. The plant is native to Mexico and Mesoamerica and it was commonly cultivated in Java as vegetable crops. In Malesia, C. aconitifolius was previously cultivated in Brunei, Singapore, and The Philippines. Thus, its presence in Java was considered as a newly distributional record for Malesia region.
PENGARUH PUPUK MAJEMUK TABLET TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN LILIT BATANG DAN HARA DAUN TANAMAN KARET
Authors: Nugroho Priyo Adi , Sembiring Yan Riska Venata
Published: April 2020

AbstrakHarga karet alam dunia yang volatil saat ini telah menyebabkan munculnya inovasi dalam pemupukan tanaman karet diantaranya penggunaan pupuk majemuk tablet. Percobaan pemupukan telah dilakukan pada TBM karet umur 3 tahun yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pupuk majemuk tablet terhadap pertumbuhan lilit batang dan kandungan hara daun. Terdapat tiga perlakuan dalam penelitian ini yaitu, (A) pupuk majemuk briket (500 g/pohon/tahun) sebagai kontrol, (B) pupuk majemuk tablet (200 g/pohon/tahun) atau setara dengan 40% kontrol, dan (C) pupuk majemuk tablet (300 g/pohon/tahun) atau setara dengan 60% kontrol. Formulasi pupuk majemuk yang digunakan adalah 18–1014–2+1TE. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyerapan hara N dan K pada perlakuan A lebih cepat yang direfleksikan melalui hara daun A yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan B dan C. Walaupun hara daun N dan K pada perlakuan A relatif lebih tinggi, tetapi penambahan lilit batang terbesar terdapat pada perlakuan C kemudian A dan B, yaitu 7,52 cm; 7,23 cm; dan 6,99 cm (P = 0,23). Tidak ditemukan korelasi yang kuat antara penambahan ukuran lilit batang dengan kandungan hara daun (P = 0,66) tetapi terdapat korelasi positif yang cukup kuat (r = 0,64; P = 0,025) antara penambahan ukuran lilit batang dengan curah hujan.Abstract The world’s natural rubber price that is volatile has led to the innovation in rubber trees fertilization by using tablet fertilizer. The study of fertilization was conducted in an immature rubber tree 3 years planted (TBM 3) to find out the responses of fertilization in rubber girth and leaf nutrient content. Three treatments were established viz. (A) briquette fertilizer 500 g/tree/year as control, (B) tablet fertilizer 200 g/tree/year equivalent to 40% of control, (C) tablet fertilizer 300 g/tree/year equivalent to 60% of control. The formula of briquette and tablet was identic (18–10–14–2+1TE).  The results show that nitrogen and potassium uptake in treatment briquette fertilizer 500 g/tree/year (A) was faster, it was reflected through leaf nutrient content that was higher than B and C. Even though the contents of N and K in rubber leaf in A was relatively higher however the highest girth increment occurred in C then A and B, i.e. 7.52 cm; 7.23 cm; and 6.99 cm respectively. No strong correlation between girth size increment and nutrient leaf status in this study (P = 0.66). However a moderately strong correlation (r = 0.64; P = 0.025) appeared between girth size increment and monthly precipitation.
Cárceles clandestinas en México durante la Guerra Fría
Authors: Dutrénit-Bielous Silvia , Ramírez-Rivera Bianca
Published: May 2020

Este artículo tiene como objetivo indagar sobre la localización geográfica y características materiales e inmateriales de las cárceles clandestinas que fueron instaladas en México durante la Guerra Fría. En este contexto y con la fuerza doctrinaria de la seguridad nacional, en varios países latinoamericanos se ejercieron estrategias represivas para la aniquilación del “enemigo interno”. Entre ellas fue recurrente el establecimiento de cárceles clandestinas donde se confinó a los detenidos convirtiéndolos en desaparecidos. Para realizar el análisis, se empleó una metodología cualitativa que permitió observar las cárceles como dispositivos de seguridad. Asimismo, donde la consulta y articulación de fuentes documentales y testimoniales que, aunque no especializadas en el tema, si proporcionaron indicios sobre la temática. Gracias a estos datos, se confeccionó uno de los primeros listados nacionales sobre su ubicación territorial, sus responsables operativos y sus elementos constitutivos. El régimen mexicano logró prácticamente hasta el nuevo milenio el ocultamiento internacional de su represión interna. No obstante, ninguna de las estrategias represivas le fue ajena. También internamente una capa nebulosa, casi impenetrable, desfiguró la historia reciente. Ello fue favorecido por una impunidad estructural erigida como barrera difícil de sortear para el conocimiento y, sin duda, para cumplir con la defensa más inclusiva de los derechos humanos.