bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computer games and the study of terminology: An application to national accounts
Authors: Melchor-Ferrer Elias , Davia-Rodriguez Maria Angeles
Published: June 2022

This paper introduces a computer application, based on The Alphabet Game, designed to assist students of all disciplines understand the key academic concepts used in their respective fields, with specific application to economics and the study of national accounts. This approach offers a valuable contribution, in view of the difficulties often encountered in presenting key national accounting concepts in a dynamic and appealing manner. Due to the flexibility of the application, it can also be adapted to other fields of knowledge requiring the use of specialized or technical concepts. To assess the game’s impact on enhancing learning, students of national accounts in economics were asked to assess their participation by means of an attitudinal survey focusing on motivation, quality of learning, and the effective use of time. The survey was completed by 60 students from two Spanish universities. The overall assessment of the game was strongly correlated with its contribution to the memorization of concepts, usefulness, and enjoy ability. The second evaluation assessed the impact of the game through measurement of its effect on academic performance, with students´ academic records related to the scores from both individual and group gameplay. The assessment was done using a multivariate analysis consisting of a set of semi-logarithmic regression models in which the exam score was the dependent variable and a combination of game results according to the version played (individual, group, or both) were the explanatory variables. All combinations indicated that the individual game is much more strongly related to overall academic performance than the group score. However, to better assess the game, a control group, homogeneous samples, or pre- and post-tests should be used. Finally, to improve the game’s impact on learning, it can be used as a compulsory scoring activity, or a badge system could be implemented. Nonetheless, this tool should only be understood as an inextricable part of other assessment and learning activities.
Surrogate modeling of the effective elastic properties of spherical particle-reinforced composite materials
Authors: García-Merino José Carlos , Calvo-Jurado Carmen , García-Macías Enrique
Published: June 2022

This paper focuses on the development of a surrogate model to predict the macroscopic elastic properties of polymer composites doped with spherical particles. To this aim, a polynomial chaos expansion based Kriging metamodeling technique has been developed. The training experimental design is constructed through a dataset of numerical representative volume elements (RVEs) considering randomly dispersed spherical particles. The RVEs are discretized using finite elements, and the effective elastic properties are obtained by implementing periodic boundary conditions. Parametric analyses are reported to assess the convergence of the scale of the RVE and the mesh density. The accuracy of the proposed metamodelling approach to bypass the computationally expensive numerical homogenization has been evaluated through different metrics. Overall, the presented results evidence the efficiency of the proposed surrogate modelling, enabling the implementation of computationally intensive techniques such as material optimization.
A Constructive Algorithm for Disk Conformal Parameterizations
Authors: Liao Wei-Hung , Yueh Mei-Heng
Published: June 2022

Surface parameterization is a fundamental issue widely studied and applied in various image and geometry processing tasks, such as surface registration, remeshing, and texture mapping. In this paper, we propose an efficient constructive algorithm for the computation of disk conformal parameterizations of simply connected open surfaces by combining the spherical harmonic mapping of the doubly covered surface and the geodesic algorithm. In addition, we prove the number of unknowns involved in the computation of the spherical harmonic mapping of the doubly covered surface can be reduced by roughly half. Numerical experiments indicate that the efficiency of the proposed algorithm is improved while the accuracy remains similar or even slightly better compared to the other state-of-the-art algorithms.
Dividend and Capital Injection Optimization with Transaction Cost for Lévy Risk Processes
Authors: Wang Wenyuan , Wang Yuebao , Chen Ping , Wu Xueyuan
Published: June 2022

The optimal dividends problem has remained an active research field for decades. For an insurance company with reserve modelled by a spectrally negative Lévy process having finite first-order moment, we study the optimalimpulse dividend and capital injection(IDCI) strategy for maximizing the expected accumulated discounted net dividend payment subtracted by the accumulated discounted cost of injecting capital. In this setting, the beneficiary of the dividends injects capital to ensure a non-negative risk process so that the insurer never goes bankrupt. The optimal IDCI strategy together with its value function is obtained. Besides, two numerical examples are provided to illustrate the features of the optimal strategies. The impacts of model parameters are also studied.
An improved rapid method for the determination of actinides in water
Authors: Papp István , Vajda Nóra , Happel Steffen
Published: June 2022

A new rapid method has been developed for the determination of Th, Pu, Np, U, Am and Cm isotopes in water samples of about 1 L. Actinides are pre-concentrated by co-precipitation with Ca phosphate, sequentially separated on stacked TEVA and TK221 cartridges and measured by alpha spectrometry. The TK221 extraction chromatographic resin contains i.e. CMPO and DGA extractants. It has been characterized by measuring the weight distribution ratios (Dw) of actinides which are higher than 1000 for all actinides in 3 M HNO3. The method has been optimized, applied for the analysis of tap and seawater samples and validated by participating in an IAEA proficiency test. Chemical recoveries for all actinides are better than 50%. The method can be performed within one day.
Mighty Belief Revision
Authors: Krämer Stephan
Published: June 2022

Belief revision theories standardly endorse a principle of intensionality to the effect that ideal doxastic agents do not discriminate between pieces of information that are equivalent within classical logic. I argue that this principle should be rejected. Its failure, on my view, does not require failures of logical omniscience on the part of the agent, but results from a view of the update as mighty: as encoding what the agent learns might be the case, as well as what must be. The view is motivated by consideration of a puzzle case, obtained by transposing into the context of belief revision a kind of scenario that Kit Fine has used to argue against intensionalism about counterfactuals. Employing the framework of truthmaker semantics, I go on to develop a novel account of belief revision, based on a conception of the update as mighty, which validates natural hyperintensional counterparts of the usual AGM postulates.
Interacting SPT phases are not morita invariant
Authors: Stehouwer Luuk
Published: June 2022

The tenfold way provides a strong organizing principle for invertible topological phases of matter. Mathematically, it is intimately connected with K-theory via the fact that there exist exactly ten Morita classes of simple real superalgebras. This connection is physically unsurprising, since weakly interacting topological phases are classified by K-theory. We argue that when strong interactions are present, care has to be taken when formulating the exact ten symmetry groups present in the tenfold way table. We study this phenomenon in the example of class D by providing two possible mathematical interpretations of a class D symmetry. These two interpretations of class D result in Morita equivalent but different symmetry groups. As K-theory cannot distinguish Morita-equivalent protecting symmetry groups, the two approaches lead to the same classification of topological phases on the weakly interacting side. However, we show that these two different symmetry groups yield different interacting classifications in spacetime dimension 2+1. We use the approach to interacting topological phases using bordism groups, reducing the relevant classification problem to a spectral sequence computation.
In silico integration of disease resistance QTL, genes and markers with the Brassica juncea physical map
Authors: Inturrisi Fabian , Bayer Philipp E. , Cantila Aldrin Y. , Tirnaz Soodeh , Edwards David , Batley Jacqueline
Published: June 2022

Brassica juncea (AABB), Indian mustard, is a source of disease resistance genes for a wide range of pathogens. The availability of reference genome sequences for B. juncea has made it possible to characterise the genomic structure and distribution of these disease resistance genes. Potentially functional disease resistance genes can be identified by co-localization with genetically mapped disease resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL). Here we identify and characterise disease resistance gene analogs (RGAs), including nucleotide-binding site–leucine-rich repeat (NLR), receptor-like kinase (RLK) and receptor-like protein (RLP) classes, and investigate their association with disease resistance QTL intervals. The molecular genetic marker sequences for four white rust (Albugo candida) disease resistance QTL, six blackleg (Leptosphaeria maculans) disease resistance QTL and BjCHI1, a gene cloned from B. juncea for hypocotyl rot disease, were extracted from previously published studies and used to compare with candidate RGAs. Our results highlight the complications for the identification of functional resistance genes, including the duplicated appearance of genetic markers for several resistance loci, including Ac2(t), AcB1-A4.1, AcB1-A5.1, Rlm6 and PhR2 in both the A and B genomes, due to the presence of homoeologous regions. Furthermore, the white rust loci, Ac2(t) and AcB1-A4.1, mapped to the same position on chromosome A04 and may be different alleles of the same gene. Despite these challenges, a total of nine candidate genomic regions hosting 14 RLPs, 28 NLRs and 115 RLKs were identified. This study facilitates the mapping and cloning of functional resistance genes for applications in crop improvement programs.
Item selection, scaling and construct validation of the Patient-Reported Inventory of Self-Management of Chronic Conditions (PRISM-CC) measurement tool in adults
Authors: Kephart George , Packer Tanya , Audulv Åsa , Chen Yu-Ting , Robinson Alysia , Olsson Ingrid , Warner Grace
Published: June 2022

Purpose

To select and scale items for the seven domains of the Patient-Reported Inventory of Self-Management of Chronic Conditions (PRISM-CC) and assess its construct validity.

Methods

Using an online survey, data on 100 potential items, and other variables for assessing construct validity, were collected from 1055 adults with one or more chronic health conditions. Based on a validated conceptual model, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and item response models (IRT) were used to select and scale potential items and assess the internal consistency and structural validity of the PRISM-CC. To further assess construct validity, hypothesis testing of known relationships was conducted using structural equation models.

Results

Of 100 potential items, 36 (4–8 per domain) were selected, providing excellent fit to our hypothesized correlated factors model and demonstrating internal consistency and structural validity of the PRISM-CC. Hypothesized associations between PRISM-CC domains and other measures and variables were confirmed, providing further evidence of construct validity.

Conclusion

The PRISM-CC overcomes limitations of assessment tools currently available to measure patient self-management of chronic health conditions. This study provides strong evidence for the internal consistency and construct validity of the PRISM-CC as an instrument to assess patient-reported difficulty in self-managing different aspects of daily life with one or more chronic conditions. Further research is needed to assess its measurement equivalence across patient attributes, ability to measure clinically important change, and utility to inform self-management support.
Feasibility of 16S rRNA sequencing for cerebrospinal fluid microbiome analysis in cattle with neurological disorders: a pilot study
Authors: Ferrini Sara , Grego Elena , Ala Ugo , Cagnotti Giulia , Valentini Flaminia , Di Muro Giorgia , Iulini Barbara , Stella Maria Cristina , Bellino Claudio , D’Angelo Antonio
Published: June 2022

Bacterial infection of the central nervous system (CNS) in cattle requires prompt and adequate antimicrobial treatment. The current gold standard for antemortem etiological diagnosis is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture, which often yields false negative results. CSF has long been considered a sterile district in healthy patients, but this notion has been recently challenged. For this pilot study, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate the microbial composition of CSF of cattle presenting with CNS disorders and to compare it between subjects with CNS infections and with CNS disorders of other nature. The study sample was 10 animals: 4 presenting with CNS infectious-inflammatory diseases and 6 with other CNS disorders, based on definitive diagnosis. Since the initial round of a standard 16S rRNA PCR did not yield sufficient genetic material for sequencing in any of the samples, the protocol was modified to increase its sensitivity. Bacterial genetic material was identified in 6 animals and 2 groups were formed: an infectious inflammatory (n = 3) and a noninfectious inflammatory group (n = 3). The most frequently expressed bacterial families werePseudomonadaceae(44.61%),Moraxellaceae(19.54%),Mycobacteriaceae(11.80%); the genera werePseudomonas(45.42%),Acinetobacter(19.91%),Mycobacterium(12.01%). There were no detectable differences in the CSF microbial composition of the samples from the two groups. Sequencing of bacterial DNA present in the CSF was possible only after increasing PCR sensitivity. The results of 16S rRNA sequencing showed the presence of a microbial community in the CSF in cattle with neurological disorders. Further studies, in which CSF samples from healthy animals and samples from the environment are included as controls, are needed.
Emergence of heartbeat frailty in advanced age I: perspectives from life-long EKG recordings in adult mice
Authors: Moen Jack M. , Morrell Christopher H. , Matt Michael G. , Ahmet Ismayil , Tagirova Syevda , Davoodi Moran , Petr Michael , Charles Shaquille , de Cabo Rafael , Yaniv Yael , Lakatta Edward G.
Published: June 2022

The combined influences of sinoatrial nodal (SAN) pacemaker cell automaticity and its response to autonomic input determine the heart’s beating interval variability and mean beating rate. To determine the intrinsic SAN and autonomic signatures buried within EKG RR interval time series change in advanced age, we measured RR interval variability before and during double autonomic blockade at 3-month intervals from 6 months of age until the end of life in long-lived (those that achieved the total cohort median life span of 24 months and beyond) C57/BL6 mice. Prior to 21 months of age, time-dependent changes in intrinsic RR interval variability and mean RR interval were relatively minor. Between 21 and 30 months of age, however, marked changes emerged in intrinsic SAN RR interval variability signatures, pointing to a reduction in the kinetics of pacemaker clock mechanisms, leading to reduced synchronization of molecular functions within and among SAN cells. This loss of high-frequency signal processing within intrinsic SAN signatures resulted in a marked increase in the mean intrinsic RR interval. The impact of autonomic signatures on RR interval variability were net sympathetic and partially compensated for the reduced kinetics of the intrinsic SAN RR interval variability signatures, and partially, but not completely, shifted the EKG RR time series intervals to a more youthful pattern. Cross-sectional analyses of other subsets of C57/BL6 ages indicated that at or beyond the median life span of our longitudinal cohort, noncardiac, constitutional, whole-body frailty was increased, energetic efficiency was reduced, and the respiratory exchange ratio increased. We interpret the progressive reduction in kinetics in intrinsic SAN RR interval variability signatures in this context of whole-body frailty beyond 21 months of age to be a manifestation of “heartbeat frailty.”
The Political Economy of Intermediate Capital Account Regimes: a Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis
Authors: da Silva Pedro Perfeito
Published: June 2022

Contrary to expectations, the global push for liberalizing reforms during the 1980s and 1990s did not abolish policy diversity in regard to capital flow management. Even though many countries fully opened their capital accounts, there remain several examples of divergence, which go from the maintenance of high levels of capital controls to partial liberalization. Against this background, relying on data from 84 countries between 1995 and 2017, this article uses fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to shed light on the conditions underlying different capital account regimes. In line with the Polanyian theoretical framework, findings reveal that two kinds of causal paths paved the way for intermediate regimes: the statist path was followed by right-leaning authoritarian regimes that attempted to combine the integration into global markets with the maintenance of control over the domestic private sector; the pluralist path was observed where either manufacturing industries or popular sectors were strong enough to motivate the reregulation of capital flows. Conversely, findings show that extreme regimes such as open and closed ones were associated with homogenous conditions like, respectively, leftist authoritarian regimes and rich democracies with stable economies.
Extended Proinov $${\mathfrak {X}}$$-contractions in metric spaces and fuzzy metric spaces satisfying the property $${{\mathcal {N}}}{{\mathcal {C}}}$$ by avoiding the monotone condition
Authors: Karapınar Erdal , Martínez-Moreno Juan , Shahzad Naseer , Roldán López de Hierro Antonio Francisco
Published: June 2022

In recent years, Fixed Point Theory has achieved great importance within Nonlinear Analysis especially due to its interesting applications in real-world contexts. Its methodology is based on the comparison between the distances between two points and their respective images through a nonlinear operator. This comparison is made through contractive conditions involving auxiliary functions whose role is increasingly decisive, and which are acquiring a prominent role in Functional Analysis. Very recently, Proinov introduced new fixed point results that have very much attracted the researchers’ attention especially due to the extraordinarily weak conditions on the auxiliary functions considered. However, one of them, the nondecreasing character of the main function, has been used for many years without the chance of being replaced by another alternative property. In this way, several researchers have recently raised this question as an open problem in this field of study. In order to face this open problem, in this work we introduce a novel class of auxiliary functions that serve to define contractions, both in metric spaces and in fuzzy metric spaces, which, in addition to generalizing to Proinov contractions, avoid the nondecreasing character of the main auxiliary function. Furthermore, we present these new results in the setting of fuzzy metric spaces that satisfy the condition$${{\mathcal {N}}}{{\mathcal {C}}}$$NC, which open new possibilities in the metric theory compared to classic non-Archimedean fuzzy metric spaces. Finally, we include some illustrative examples to show how to apply the novel theorems to cases that are not covered by other previous results.
Opportunities and challenges of using social media big data to assess mental health consequences of the COVID-19 crisis and future major events
Authors: Tušl Martin , Thelen Anja , Marcus Kailing , Peters Alexandra , Shalaeva Evgeniya , Scheckel Benjamin , Sykora Martin , Elayan Suzanne , Naslund John A. , Shankardass Ketan , Mooney Stephen J. , Fadda Marta , Gruebner Oliver
Published: June 2022

The present commentary discusses how social media big data could be used in mental health research to assess the impact of major global crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. We first provide a brief overview of the COVID-19 situation and the challenges associated with the assessment of its global impact on mental health using conventional methods. We then propose social media big data as a possible unconventional data source, provide illustrative examples of previous studies, and discuss the advantages and challenges associated with their use for mental health research. We conclude that social media big data represent a valuable resource for mental health research, however, several methodological limitations and ethical concerns need to be addressed to ensure safe use.
Influence of institutional arrangements on invasive plant species management from multilevel perspectives: a case study in Vietnam’s national parks
Authors: Truong Tuyet T. A. , Andrew Margaret E. , Hardy Giles E. St. J. , Dell Bernard , Hughes Michael
Published: June 2022

Invasive plant species (IPS) management in national parks is a complex problem often characterized by the involvement of various organizations with different responsibilities, legal mandates, and jurisdictions. These institutional arrangements shape the structure, function, and decision-making behaviors of organizations and influence management effectiveness. Drawing on institutional theory, this study analyzed institutional arrangements and how these influenced IPS management in Vietnam’s national parks. Data were collected between May and July 2017 using in-depth interviews with 39 key informants with responsibility for IPS management at different institutional levels (national, provincial, and local national parks). Results demonstrated that IPS management in Vietnam’s national parks was characterized by centralized management with overlaps and gaps in vertical institutional relationships that limited the effectiveness of horizontal relationships. These characteristics resulted in a lack of clear guiding regulations and limited resources that restricted decision making and hindered implementation at the local national park level. The study highlights the need for a common set of principles across agencies, governed by an overarching body to promote constructive relationships across the vertical and horizontal institutional dimensions of IPS management.
Optical diagnosis of a kHz-driven helium atmospheric pressure plasma jet
Authors: McDonnell C. , Irwin R. , White S. , Graham W.G. , Riley D.
Published: June 2022

This paper focuses on utilizing several different optical diagnostics to experimentally characterize a pure helium atmospheric pressure plasma jet. Axial electric field measurements were carried out along the plasma plume through the use of a non-perturbing method based on polarization-dependent Stark spectroscopy of the helium

$492.2$

 nm line. The electric field is shown to increase with distance along the plume length, reaching values as high as

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. The rate of increase of the electric field is dependent on the helium gas flow rate, with lower gas flows rising quicker with distance in comparison with larger flow rates, with the typical values remaining within the same range. This sensitivity is linked to gas mixing between the helium and surrounding ambient air. Schlieren imaging of the gas flow is included to support this. The addition of a target is shown to further increase the measured electric field in close range to the target, with the magnitude of this increase being strongly dependent on the distance between the tube exit and target. The relative increase in the electric field is shown to be on average greater for a conducting target of water in comparison with plastic. A minimal equipment optical configuration, which is here referred to as fast two-dimensional monochromatic imaging, is introduced as an approach for estimating excited state densities within the plasma. Densities of the upper helium states for transitions,

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$^{3}P^{0}_{0,1,2}$

at

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 nm and

$1s3s$

 

$^{1}S_{0}$

 

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at

$728.1$

 nm, were estimated using this approach and found to be of the order of

$10^{10}$

–

$10^{11}$

 cm

$^{-3}$

.
Welfare Expansion without Inequality Reduction: Institutional Explanation of Old-Age Poverty in Korea
Authors: BYUN YOUNG-HWAN
Published: June 2022

Old-age poverty in Korea remains exceptionally high among OECD countries despite a significant expansion in pension expenditure. This article presents an institutional explanation for such a puzzle. Using ‘targeting within universalism’ as the analytic framework, this study examines the institutional effects of pension models on old-age poverty in Korea. Firstly, comparative analysis finds that universal provision of pensions negatively affects old-age poverty independent of the expenditure size, identifying Korean pensions as the least universal among OECD countries. Secondly, institutional analysis of the Korean pension system explains why the expenditure growth left a large share of the elderly with no or a partial pension. Finally, microsimulation analysis examines alternative assistance pension models for their potential to alter poverty outcomes. Strikingly, universal models alleviate old-age poverty more cost-effectively than the extant targeting model, questioning the efficiency-based justification for low-income targeting. In particular, the universal floor model appears to be the most effective, allowing greater benefits to the poorer without a means test. Even for assistance benefits, universal models may better remedy poverty under such conditions as low take-up among the needy, prevalence of low-income incidence, and pro-rich distribution of extant social transfers.
Smart Glasses: A New Tool for Assessing the Number of Patients in Mass-Casualty Incidents
Authors: Apiratwarakul Korakot , Cheung Lap Woon , Tiamkao Somsak , Phungoen Pariwat , Tientanopajai Kitt , Taweepworadej Wiroj , Kanarkard Wanida , Ienghong Kamonwon
Published: June 2022

Introduction:

Mass-casualty incidents (MCIs) are events in which many people are injured during the same period of time. This has major implications in regards to practical concerns and planning for both personnel and medical equipment. Smart glasses are modern tools that could help Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in the estimation of the number of potential patients in an MCI. However, currently there is no study regarding the advantage of employing the use of smart glasses in MCIs in Thailand.

Study Objective:

This study aims to compare the overall accuracy and amount of time used with smart glasses and comparing it to manual counting to assess the number of casualties from the scene.

Methods:

This study was a randomized controlled trial, field exercise experimental study in the EMS unit of Srinagarind Hospital, Thailand. The participants were divided into two groups (those with smart glasses and those doing manual counting). On the days of the simulation (February 25 and 26, 2022), the participants in the smart glasses group received a 30-minute training session on the use of the smart glasses. After that, both groups of participants counted the number of casualties on the simulation field independently.

Results:

Sixty-eight participants were examined, and in the smart glasses group, a total of 58.8% (N = 20) of the participants were male. The mean age in this group was 39.4 years old. The most experienced in the EMS smart glasses group had worked in this position for four-to-six years (44.1%). The participants in the smart glasses group had the highest scores in accurately assessing the number of casualties being between 21-30 (98.0%) compared with the manual counting group (89.2%). Additionally, the time used for assessing the number of casualties in the smart glasses group was shorter than the manual counting group in tallying the number of casualties between 11-20 (6.3 versus 11.2 seconds; P = .04) and between 21-30 (22.1 versus 44.5 seconds; P = .02).

Conclusion:

The use of smart glasses to assess the number of casualties in MCIs when the number of patients is between 11 and 30 is useful in terms of greater accuracy and less time being spent than with manual counting.
A UNIVERSALLY TRANSLATABLE EXPLICATION OF ADAM SMITH’S FAMOUS PROPOSITION ON “THE EXTENT OF THE MARKET”
Authors: Wilson Bart J. , Farese Gian Marco
Published: June 2022

Following Adam Smith’s line of argument, we examine the semantics of four economic principles in Chapter III of theWealth of Nationsthat compose his famous proposition “that the division of labour is limited by the extent of the market.” We apply the Natural Semantic Metalanguage framework in linguistics to produce a series of explications that are clear and plain, cross-translatable into any language, intelligible to twenty-first-century readers, and faithfully close to the original text. Our paper explicates Smith’s logical argument in Chapter III and demonstrates how his ideas can be shared among speakers with different linguacultural backgrounds in line with the truly global view of economics that, we argue, Adam Smith had in mind: economics intended as the science of all people living and doing things together with other people to live well and to feel good.
Cereal rye response to eight commonly used wheat herbicides
Authors: Hand Lavesta C. , Randell Taylor M. , Culpepper A. Stanley
Published: June 2022

The tolerance of cereal rye to eight herbicides registered for use in wheat, at two rates, was evaluated for potential labeling in cereal rye to expand limited chemical weed control options. Across five site-years, halauxifen-methyl + florasulam, pyroxsulam, and thifensulfuron-methyl + tribenuron-methyl applied at a 2X rate to cereal rye at Zadoks (Z) 13 caused less than 15% injury and had no impact on cereal rye density. These herbicides at the 2X rate reduced cereal rye heights 11% at 10 days after treatment (DAT), with rye recovering by 31 DAT; cereal rye heights were not reduced with these herbicides at their 1X rate. In contrast, significant injury was observed with the 1X rate of mesosulfuron-methyl (45%), pinoxaden (27%), and pinoxaden + fenoxaprop-P-ethyl (30%) applied postemergence; early-season height was reduced 19% to 26%. Residual herbicide pyroxasulfone applied as a delayed preemergence at Z 10 and flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone applied at Z 11 caused 27% to 28% and 16% to 47% injury, respectively, when the 1X rate was activated by rainfall within 2 d of application. These residual herbicides reduced cereal rye height and density up to 35% and 40%, respectively. Cereal rye grain yield was not influenced by herbicide or rate applied.
Retrospective and Prospective Evaluations of Mammography Screening Narratives
Authors: Aldrovandi Silvio , Bridger Emma , Knowles Daniel , Poirier Marie
Published: June 2022

Abstract. We investigated the role of previous experience when providing summary judgments of mammography narratives. A total of 807 women who either did or did not have previous experience of a mammogram were presented with a written description of a mammography visit. We manipulated the presentation position of a negative element within the narrative to alter its accessibility in memory and determine whether the latter impacted equally on two types of summary judgments. After the narrative presentation, participants were asked to provide both retrospective and prospective evaluations, that is, summary judgments about the described event and an appraisal of the likelihood of participating in future instances of such event, respectively. A recency effect was observed only for retrospective but not for prospective evaluations. When examined only for the subset of women who had undergone a mammography visit themselves, prospective evaluations were shown to be predicted by the reported quality of the mammography participants experienced themselves. The findings support and extend the accessibility model of emotional self-report and suggest that own experience leaks into evaluations of hypothetical scenarios by selectively impacting on prospective evaluations.
Improving Global Weather Prediction in GFDL SHiELD Through an Upgraded GFDL Cloud Microphysics Scheme
Authors: Zhou Linjiong , Harris Lucas , Chen Jan‐Huey , Gao Kun , Guo Huan , Xiang Baoqiang , Tong Mingjing , Huff J. Jacob , Morin Matthew
Published: June 2022

We describe the third version of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory cloud microphysics scheme (GFDL MP v3) implemented in the System for High‐resolution prediction on Earth‐to‐Local Domains (SHiELD). Compared to the GFDL MP v2, the GFDL MP v3 is entirely reorganized, optimized, and modularized into functions. The particle size distribution (PSD) of all hydrometeor categories is redefined to better mimic observations, and the cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) is calculated from the Modern‐Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA2) aerosol data. In addition, the GFDL MP has been redesigned so all processes use the redefined PSD to ensure overall consistency and easily permit the introduction of new PSDs and microphysical processes. A year's worth of global 13‐km, 10‐day weather forecasts were performed with the new GFDL MP. Compared to the GFDL MP v2, the GFDL MP v3 significantly improves SHiELD's predictions of geopotential height, air temperature, and specific humidity in the Troposphere, as well as the high, middle and total cloud fractions and the liquid water path. The predictions are improved even further by the use of reanalysis aerosol data to calculate CDNC, and also by using the more realistic PSD available in GFDL MP v3. However, the upgrade of the GFDL MP shows little impact on the precipitation prediction. Degradations caused by the new scheme are discussed and provide a guide for future GFDL MP development.
Combining Deep Learning With Physics Based Features in Explosion‐Earthquake Discrimination
Authors: Kong Qingkai , Wang Ruijia , Walter William R. , Pyle Moira , Koper Keith , Schmandt Brandon
Published: June 2022

This paper combines the power of deep‐learning with the generalizability of physics‐based features, to present an advanced method for seismic discrimination between earthquakes and explosions. The proposed method contains two branches: a deep learning branch operating directly on seismic waveforms or spectrograms, and a second branch operating on physics‐based parametric features. These features are high‐frequency P/S amplitude ratios and the difference between local magnitude (ML) and coda duration magnitude (MC). The combination achieves better generalization performance when applied to new regions than models that are developed solely with deep learning. We also examined which parts of the waveform data dominate deep learning decisions (i.e., via Grad‐CAM). Such visualization provides a window into the black‐box nature of the machine‐learning models and offers new insight into how the deep learning derived models use data to make decisions.
Hydroacoustic Monitoring of Seafloor Spreading and Transform Faulting in the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Parnell‐Turner R. , Smith D. K. , Dziak R. P.
Published: June 2022

Seismicity along mid‐ocean ridges and oceanic transform faults provides insights into the processes of crustal accretion and strike‐slip deformation. In the equatorial Atlantic ocean, the slow‐spreading Mid‐Atlantic Ridge is offset by some of the longest‐offset transform faults on Earth, which remain relatively poorly understood due to its remote location far from land‐based teleseismic receivers. A catalog of T‐phase events detected by an array of 10 autonomous hydrophones deployed between 2011 and 2015, extending from 20°N to 10°S is presented. The final catalog of 6,843 events has a magnitude of completeness of 3.3, compared to 4.4 for the International Seismic Center teleseismic catalog covering the same region, and allows investigation of the dual processes of crustal accretion and transform fault slip. The seismicity rate observed at asymmetric spreading segments (those hosting detachment faults) is significantly higher than that of symmetric spreading centers, and 74% of known hydrothermal vents along the equatorial Mid‐Atlantic Ridge occur on asymmetric spreading segments. Aseismic patches are present on nearly all equatorial Atlantic transform faults, including on the Romanche transform where regional rotation and transpression could explain both bathymetric uplift and reduction in seismic activity. The observed patterns in seismicity provide insight into the thermal and mechanical structure of the ridge axis and associated transform faults, and potentially provide a method for investigating the distribution of hydrothermal vent systems.
Control of Short‐Stature Vegetation Type on Shallow Ground Temperatures in Permafrost Across the Eastern Canadian Arctic
Authors: Evans Sarah G. , Raberg Jonathan H. , Crump Sarah E. , Raynolds Martha K. , Sugg Margaret M. , Brodie Alexander R. , Miller Gifford H.
Published: June 2022

The Arctic has warmed three times the rate of the global average, resulting in extensive thaw of perennially frozen ground known as permafrost. While it is well understood that permafrost thaw will continue and likely accelerate, thaw rates are nonuniform due, in part, to the expansion of Arctic trees and tall shrubs that may increase ground temperatures. However, in permafrost regions with short‐stature vegetation (height < 40 cm), our understanding of how ground temperature regimes vary by vegetation type is limited as these sites are generally found in remote high‐latitude regions that lack in situ ground temperature measurements. This study aims to overcome this limitation by leveraging in situ shallow ground temperatures, remote sensing observations, and topographic parameters across 22 sites with varying types of short‐stature vegetation on Baffin Island, Canada, a remote region underlain by rapidly warming continuous permafrost. Results suggest that the type of short‐stature vegetation does not necessarily correspond to a distinct shallow ground temperature regime. Instead, in permafrost regions with short‐stature vegetation, factors that control snow duration, such as microtopography, may have a larger effect on evolving ground temperature regimes and thus permafrost vulnerability. These findings suggest that anticipating permafrost thaw in regions of short‐stature vegetation may be more nuanced than previously suggested.
LncRNA TMPO-AS1 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression by forming biomolecular condensates with FUS and p300 to regulate TMPO transcription
Authors: Luo Xiao-Jing , He Ming-Ming , Liu Jia , Zheng Jia-Bo , Wu Qi-Nian , Chen Yan-Xing , Meng Qi , Luo Kong-Jia , Chen Dong-Liang , Xu Rui-Hua , Zeng Zhao-Lei , Liu Ze-Xian , Luo Hui-Yan
Published: June 2022

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most life- and health-threatening malignant diseases worldwide, especially in China. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of tumorigenesis and tumor progression. However, the roles and mechanisms of lncRNAs in ESCC require further exploration. Here, in combination with a small interfering RNA (siRNA) library targeting specific lncRNAs, we performed MTS and Transwell assays to screen functional lncRNAs that were overexpressed in ESCC. TMPO-AS1 expression was significantly upregulated in ESCC tumor samples, with higher TMPO-AS1 expression positively correlated with shorter overall survival times. In vitro and in vivo functional experiments revealed that TMPO-AS1 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of ESCC cells. Mechanistically, TMPO-AS1 bound to fused in sarcoma (FUS) and recruited p300 to the TMPO promoter, forming biomolecular condensates in situ to activate TMPO transcription in cis by increasing the acetylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27ac). Targeting TMPO-AS1 led to impaired ESCC tumor growth in a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model. We found that TMPO-AS1 is required for cell proliferation and metastasis in ESCC by promoting the expression of TMPO, and both TMPO-AS1 and TMPO might be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in ESCC.
High-throughput total RNA sequencing in single cells using VASA-seq
Authors: Salmen Fredrik , De Jonghe Joachim , Kaminski Tomasz S. , Alemany Anna , Parada Guillermo E. , Verity-Legg Joe , Yanagida Ayaka , Kohler Timo N. , Battich Nicholas , van den Brekel Floris , Ellermann Anna L. , Arias Alfonso Martinez , Nichols Jennifer , Hemberg Martin , Hollfelder Florian , van Oudenaarden Alexander
Published: June 2022

Most methods for single-cell transcriptome sequencing amplify the termini of polyadenylated transcripts, capturing only a small fraction of the total cellular transcriptome. This precludes the detection of many long non-coding, short non-coding and non-polyadenylated protein-coding transcripts and hinders alternative splicing analysis. We, therefore, developed VASA-seq to detect the total transcriptome in single cells, which is enabled by fragmenting and tailing all RNA molecules subsequent to cell lysis. The method is compatible with both plate-based formats and droplet microfluidics. We applied VASA-seq to more than 30,000 single cells in the developing mouse embryo during gastrulation and early organogenesis. Analyzing the dynamics of the total single-cell transcriptome, we discovered cell type markers, many based on non-coding RNA, and performed in vivo cell cycle analysis via detection of non-polyadenylated histone genes. RNA velocity characterization was improved, accurately retracing blood maturation trajectories. Moreover, our VASA-seq data provide a comprehensive analysis of alternative splicing during mammalian development, which highlighted substantial rearrangements during blood development and heart morphogenesis.
Microseismic energy distribution and impact risk analysis of complex heterogeneous spatial evolution of extra-thick layered strata
Authors: Lai Xingping , Jia Chong , Cui Feng , Chen Jianqiang , Zhou Yupu , Feng Ganggui , Gao Yuanjiang
Published: June 2022

In the process of deep mining of coal resources, coal seams with better geological conditions are gradually mined preferentially, and the safe and efficient mining of working face in complex and heterogeneous spaces of residual coal seams is an urgent problem to be solved.. Based on the Kuangou Coal Mine as the background, using microseismic monitoring instruments and pressure sensor monitoring systems, the rock pressure appearance and microseismic energy characteristics accompanying the evolution of the overburden strata structure in the mining of solid coal and the lower working face of the gob are analyzed. Research on the precursory characteristics and early warning of micro-earthquakes. The research results show that: (1) The period of the W1123 working face mining under solid coal is relatively frequent, and the energy of microseismic events is higher than that under the mined-out area. However, the overlying rock structure under the gob is loose, broken and easy to move, showing obvious "high frequency-low energy" characteristics. (2) Extremely low values of the number and energy of microseismic events occurrs in the first 3 to 5 days of the rockburst event in the working face, and the locations of the rockburst disaster in the mine were generally distributed at the edge of the low-density area of the microseismic event. The accuracy of rockburst prediction is effectively improved through multi-parameter comprehensive early warning. (3) Roof deep hole blasting and roof cutting pressure relief weaken the roof energy accumulation and the concentrated release of rock formation energy, reduce the roof activity intensity in the microseismic event gathering area, and reduce the occurrence of large-energy events, which will easily induce large shock hazards. The energy event weakens into a slow release of multiple small energy events. This research provides a reference for the safe and efficient mining of working faces in complex space environment.
Novel 90Sr analysis of environmental samples by Ion-Laser InterAction Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Honda Maki , Martschini Martin , Marchhart Oscar , Priller Alfred , Steier Peter , Golser Robin , Sato Tetsuya K. , Kazuaki Tsukada , Sakaguch Aya
Published: June 2022

The validity of the 90Sr analysis by AMS was demonstrated by analyzing IAEA samples. This method achieves LOD of <0.1 mBq better than β-ray detection with simple chemical separations, making it a new analytical technique for environmental studies.
La(iii)-Catalysed degradation of polyesters to monomersviatransesterifications
Authors: Abe Ryota , Komine Nobuyuki , Nomura Kotohiro , Hirano Masafumi
Published: June 2022

Tris(acetylacetonato)lanthanum(iii) (1 mol%) catalyses the degradation of poly(butylene succinate) (Mw= 90 700) by transesterification in MeOH at 90 °C for 4 h, thus affording dimethyl succinate (>99% yield) and 1,4-butanediol (98% yield).
A wheel-like DNA nanosensor with background correction for analysis of miRNA-21 in living cells
Authors: Li Xiaoqing , Ma Fanghui , Deng Lei , Yang Minghui , Chen Xiang
Published: June 2022

A silica ring-based ratiometric fluorescence nanosensing and imaging platform was established for the quantification of miRNA-21 with carbon dots and nucleic-functionalized gold nanoparticles inside and outside the ring, respectively.
Silole and germole complexes of lanthanum and cerium
Authors: Sun Xiaofei , Münzfeld Luca , Jin Da , Hauser Adrian , Roesky Peter W.
Published: June 2022

Novel lanthanide multi-decker complexes were established utilizing dianionic group 14 metallole ligands. The dimensionality of the multidecker species increases from a dimeric structure to 2D depending on the lanthanide ion and the metallole ligand.
Triple bonding between beryllium and nitrogen in HNBeCO
Authors: Wang Lina , Pan Sudip , Wang Guanjun , Zeng Xiaoqing , Zhou Mingfei , Frenking Gernot
Published: June 2022

HNBeCO is generated in a neon matrix and identified via vibrational spectroscopy. It possesses an unprecedented triple bond, consisting of two π-bonds and a dative σ-bond, with the former bonds being much stronger than the latter bond.
New insights into the interaction of triethylphosphine oxide with silica surface: exchange between different surface species
Authors: Pires Elisabet , Fraile José M.
Published: June 2022

TEPO adsorbed on silica shows a single signal, due to mobility, and three types of adsorption modes, physisorption, chemisorption through one H-bond and through two H-bonds, as demonstrated by 31P solid state NMR at different surface coverage.
Interplay between spin–orbital coupling and electron-correlation: induction of phase transitions and giant magnetic anisotropy in strained LaSr1−xCaxNiReO6
Authors: Faiza-Rubab S. , Nazir S.
Published: June 2022

Magnetic (upper part) and electronic (lower part) phase transitions as a function of biaxial strain along the [110]-direction in LaSr1−xCaxNiReO6 (x = 0.0/0.5 and 1.0) double perovskite oxides.
Difluoromethylenation of fullerene C70 provides isomeric diversity and availability of equatorial [5,6]-homofullerene C70(CF2)
Authors: Brotsman Victor A. , Lukonina Natalia S. , Malkin Nikita A. , Rybalchenko Alexey V. , Belov Nikita M. , Goryunkov Alexey A.
Published: June 2022

We report synthesis, isolation, spectroscopic characterization, and electrochemical study of the novel [5,6]-open C70(CF2) isomer III along with the already known [6,6]-closed and [6,6]-open C70(CF2) isomers I and II.