bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential of Angiotensin-(1-7) in COVID-19 Treatment
Authors: Mendoza-Torres Evelyn , Luna Patricia , Fernanda Pérez María , Castellar-Lopez Jairo , Chang Aileen , Montoya Yuliet , Bustamante John , Rosales-Rada Wendy
Published: December 2022

The new coronavirus currently named SARS-CoV-2 was announced by the World Health
Organization as the virus causing the COVID-19 pandemic. The pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 initiates
upon contact of a structural spike protein with the angiotensin II-converting enzyme receptor,
leading to the induction of inflammatory mechanisms and progression to severe disease in some cases.
Currently, studies have emerged linking COVID-19 with angiotensin-(1-7), demonstrating the potential
of angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas Receptor axis induction to control disease severity due to its antiinflammatory,
vasodilator, antioxidant, antiproliferative, anticoagulant, antiangiogenic and fibrosis
inhibitory effects. The renin angiotensin-system peptide Angiotensin-(1-7) shows a high therapeutic
potential for COVID-19 mainly because of its ability to counteract the adverse effects caused in various
organs due to angiotensin II-converting enzyme blockade. In light of these factors, the use of
convalescent plasma conjugated therapy and Ang (1-7) agonists for the treatment of COVID-19 patients
could be recommended. The differential expression of ACE2 and the varied response to SARSCoV-
2 are thought to be connected. According to several investigations, ACE2 antibodies and pharmacological
inhibitors might be used to prevent viral entry. Given its capacity to eliminate the virus
while ensuring lung and cardiovascular protection by regulating the inflammatory response, angiotensin-(
1-7) is expected to be a safe choice. However, more clinical evidence is required to clarify the
therapeutic usage of this peptide. The aim of this review article is to present an update of scientific
data and clinical trials on the therapeutic potential of angiotensin-(1-7) in patients with COVID-19.
Construction of lncRNA-ceRNA Networks to Reveal the Potential Role of
Lfng/Notch1 Signaling Pathway in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Yu Wanpeng , Wang Man , Zhang Yuan
Published: December 2022

Background:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) develops through a complex pathological process,
in which many genes play a synergistic or antagonistic role. LncRNAs represent a kind of noncoding
RNA, which can regulate gene expression at the epigenetic, transcriptional and posttranscriptional
levels. Multiple lncRNAs have been found to have important regulatory functions in
AD. Thus, their expression patterns, targets and functions should be explored as therapeutic targets.

Methods:

We used deep RNA-seq analysis to detect the dysregulated lncRNAs in the hippocampus
of APP/PS1 mice. We performed Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
(KEGG) analyses to predict the biological roles and potential signaling pathways of dysregulated
lncRNAs. Finally, we constructed lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA and lncRNA-mRNA co-expression
networks to reveal the potential regulator roles in AD pathogenesis.

Results:

Our findings revealed 110 significantly dysregulated lncRNAs. GO and KEGG annotations
showed the dysregulated lncRNAs to be closely related to the functions of axon and protein digestion
and absorption. The lncRNA-mRNA network showed that 19 lncRNAs regulated App, Prnp, Fgf10
and Il33, while 5 lncRNAs regulated Lfng via the lncRNA-miR-3102-3p-Lfng axis. Furthermore, we
preliminarily demonstrated the important regulatory role of the Lfng/Notch1 signaling pathway
through lncRNA-ceRNA networks in AD.

Conclusion:

We revealed the important regulatory roles of dysregulated lncRNAs in the etiopathogenesis
of AD through lncRNA expression profiling. Our results showed that the mechanism involves
the regulation of the Lfng/Notch1 signaling pathway.
Pharmacological Management of Dysphagia in Patients with Alzheimer’s
Disease: A Narrative Review
Authors: Li Chien-Hsun , Hsieh Sun-Wung , Huang Poyin , Liu Hsiu-Yueh , Chen Chun-Hung , Hung Chih-Hsing
Published: December 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and dysphagia are important health and socioeconomic problems
in the aging population. Currently, the medical treatment of dysphagia in AD patients remains insufficient,
and there are significant gaps in the management and clinical needs to postpone tube feeding.
Literatures published over the last 30 years were searched in the PubMed and Embase databases. All
relevant and promising pharmacological management studies were included. Because of the heterogeneity
in design and methodology, only narrative reports were mentioned. Nine studies were included
with two case reports, two case series, and two observational and three randomized controlled trials.
The key approaches and clinical problems related to dysphagia include onset pattern, dementia stage,
review of offending drugs and polypharmacy, and comorbidities (cerebrovascular disease, hypertension,
parkinsonism, depression, and anorexia). The corresponding strategies of pharmacological treatments
are further proposed and discussed comprehensively, with transient receptor potential channel
modulators as promising treatment. With the integration of adequate and potential pharmacomanagement,
AD patients with dysphagia can achieve a good prognosis and postpone tube feeding to maintain
a better quality of life. More rigorous studies are needed to verify the effectiveness of innovative strategies
and develop targets for neurostimulation.
Differential Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal Response to Stress among Rat
Strains: Methodological Considerations and Relevance for Neuropsychiatric
Research
Authors: Armario Antonio , Belda Xavier , Gagliano Humberto , Fuentes Silvia , Molina Patricia , Serrano Sara , Nadal Roser
Published: December 2022

The hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, particularly glucocorticoids
(GCs), play a critical role in the behavioral and physiological consequences of exposure to
stress. For this reason, numerous studies have described differences in HPA function between different
rodent strains/lines obtained by genetic selection of certain characteristics not directly related to the
HPA axis. These studies have demonstrated a complex and poorly understood relationship between
HPA function and certain relevant behavioral characteristics. The present review first remarks important
methodological considerations regarding the evaluation and interpretation of resting and stress
levels of HPA hormones. Then, it presents works in which differences in HPA function between Lewis
and Fischer rats were explored as a model for how to approach other strain comparisons. After that,
differences in the HPA axis between classical strain pairs (e.g. High and Low anxiety rats, Roman
high- and low-avoidance, Wistar Kyoto versus Spontaneously Hypertensive or other strains, Flinder
Sensitive and Flinder Resistant lines) are described. Finally, after discussing the relationship between
HPA differences and relevant behavioral traits (anxiety-like and depression-like behavior and coping
style), an example for main methodological and interpretative concerns and how to test strain differences
is offered.
Reconfigurations of Dynamic Functional Network Connectivity in
Large-scale Brain Network after Prolonged Abstinence in Heroin Users
Authors: Zhang Shan , Yang Wenhan , Li Minpeng , Wen Xinwen , Shao Ziqiang , Li Jun , Liu Jixin , Zhang Jun , Yu Dahua , Liu Jun , Yuan Kai
Published: December 2022

Background:

Brain recovery phenomenon after long-term abstinence had been reported in
substance use disorders. Yet, few longitudinal studies have been conducted to observe the abnormal
dynamic functional connectivity (dFNC) of large-scale brain networks and recovery after prolonged
abstinence in heroin users.

Objective:

The current study will explore the brain network dynamic connection reconfigurations after
prolonged abstinence in heroin users (HUs).

Methods:

The 10-month longitudinal design was carried out for 40 HUs. The 40 healthy controls
(HCs) were also enrolled. Group independent component analysis (GICA) and dFNC analysis were
employed to detect the different dFNC patterns of addiction-related ICNs between HUs and HCs. The
temporal properties and the graph-theoretical properties were calculated. Whether the abnormalities
would be reconfigured in HUs after prolonged abstinence was then investigated.

Results:

Based on eight functional networks extracted from GICA, four states were identified by the
dFNC analysis. Lower mean dwell time and fraction rate in state4 were found for HUs, which were
increased toward HCs after prolonged abstinence. In this state, HUs at baseline showed higher dFNC
of RECN-aSN, aSN- aSN and dDMN-pSN, which decreased after protracted abstinence. A similar recovery
phenomenon was found for the global efficiency and path length in abstinence HUs. Mean
while, the abnormal dFNC strength was correlated with craving both at baseline and after abstinence.

Conclusion:

Our longitudinal study observed the large-scale brain network reconfiguration from the
dynamic perspective in HUs after prolonged abstinence and improved the understanding of the neurobiology
of prolonged abstinence in HUs.
Bidirectional Communication Between Microglia and Astrocytes in
Neuroinflammation
Authors: Bhusal Anup , Afridi Ruqayya , Lee Won-Ha , Suk Kyoungho
Published: December 2022

Neuroinflammation is a common feature of diverse nervous system pathologies. In many
instances, it begins at an early stage of the disease, paving the way for further exacerbations. The main
drivers of neuroinflammation are brain-resident glial cells, such as microglia and astrocytes. Microglia
are the primary responders to any insult to the brain parenchyma, translating the signals into diverse
molecules. These molecules derived from microglia can regulate the stimuli-dependent reactivity of
astrocytes. Once activated, astrocytes in turn, can control microglia phenotypes. Recent evidence indicates
that the crosstalk between these glial cells plays an important role in delaying or accelerating
neuroinflammation and overall disease progression. To date, various molecules have been recognized
as key mediators of the bidirectional communication between microglia and astrocytes. The current
review aims to discuss the novel molecules identified recently, which play a critical role in interglial
crosstalk, highlighting their therapeutic potential.
Noncoding RNAs: Novel Targets for Opioid Tolerance
Authors: Deng Meiling , Zou Wangyuan
Published: December 2022

As a global health problem, chronic pain is one of the leading causes of disability, and it
imposes a huge economic and public health burden on families and society. Opioids represent the cornerstone
of analgesic drugs. However, opioid tolerance caused by long-term application of opioids is a
major factor leading to drug withdrawal, serious side effects caused by dose increases, and even the
death of patients, placing an increasing burden on individuals, medicine, and society. Despite efforts to
develop methods to prevent and treat opioid tolerance, no effective treatment has yet been found.
Therefore, understanding the mechanism underlying opioid tolerance is crucial for finding new prevention
and treatment strategies. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are important parts of mammalian gene
transcriptomes, and there are thousands of unique noncoding RNA sequences in cells. With the rapid
development of high-throughput genome technology, research on ncRNAs has become a hot topic in
biomedical research. In recent years, studies have shown that ncRNAs mediate physiological and
pathological processes, including chromatin remodeling, transcription, posttranscriptional modification
and signal transduction, which are key regulators of physiological processes in developmental and
disease environments and have become biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for various diseases.
An increasing number of studies have found that ncRNAs are closely related to the development
of opioid tolerance. In this review, we have summarized the evidence that ncRNAs play an important
role in opioid tolerance and that ncRNAs may be novel targets for opioid tolerance.
Identifying TMPRSS2 Inhibitors by Drug Repurposing Screenings of
Known fXIa Inhibitors: A Computational Study
Authors: Liang Yanshu , Qiao Zhixia , Meng Fancui
Published: December 2022

Background:

SARS-CoV-2 was reported to enter cells via binding to ACE2, followed by its
priming by TMPRSS2. Hence the inhibition of TMPRSS2 may block or decrease the severity of SARSCoV-
2, making TMPRSS2 an attractive target for COVID-19. fXIa has a similar binding pocket as
TMPRSS2, implying the possibility of fXIa inhibitors being TMPRSS2 inhibitors.

Methods:

In order to find potential TMPRSS2 inhibitors, molecular docking of known fXIa inhibitors
was performed. Molecular dynamics simulations and MM/GBSA were conducted on representative compounds
with characteristic binding modes. R-group enumeration was used to generate compounds with
better binding interactions.

Results:

Three scaffolds can make hydrogen bonds with Gly439 and Ser441, and form the chloride–
Tyr474 interactions at S1 pocket as well. Further structure optimization of one scaffold found that two
compounds have better docking scores and lower binding free energies.

Conclusion:

Compounds R1a and R1b can be taken as potentially reversible inhibitors of TMPRSS2.
Our results could provide insight into both the discovery and lead optimization of TMPRSS2 inhibitors.
Prevention of Oxidative Stress and Diseases by Antioxidant Supplementation
Authors: Martemucci Giovanni , Portincasa Piero , Centonze Vincenzo , Mariano Michele , Khalil Mohamad , D'Alessandro Angela Gabriella
Published: December 2022

Excessive and uncontrolled oxidative stress can damage biomacromolecules, such as lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and DNA, by free radical and oxidant overproduction. In this review, we critically discuss the main properties of free radicals, their implications in oxidative stress, and specific pathological conditions. In clinical medicine, oxidative stress can play a role in several chronic noncommunicable diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular, inflammatory, neurodegenerative diseases, and tumours. Antioxidant supplements can theoretically prevent or stop the progression of diseases, but a careful literature analysis finds that more evidence is needed to dissect the ultimate beneficial effect of antioxidants versus reactive oxygen species in several diseases.
Synthesis, in silico Studies and Pharmacological Evaluation of a New
Series of Indanone Derivatives as Anti-Parkinsonian and Anti-Alzheimer’s
Agents
Authors: Bansal Ranju , Singh Ranjit , Rana Pratibha
Published: December 2022

Objective:

Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are the most common
forms of neurodegenerative disorders. The aim of the current work is to study the potential of
some new indanone derivatives for the treatment of these neurological disorders.

Methods:

A new series of 4-(2-oxo-2-aminoethoxy)-2-benzylidene substituted indanone derivatives
have been synthesized and studied for anti-Parkinsonian and anti-Alzheimer’s effects. Substitution
of different aminoalkyl functionalities at the para position of 2-benzylidene moiety of
indanone ring resulted in the formation of potent anti-parkinsonian and anti-Alzheimer’s agents
(5-10). The neuroprotective effects of newly synthesized compounds were evaluated using
perphenazine (PPZ)-induced catatonia in rats and LPS-induced cognitive deficits in mice models.
Further, in silico molecular modelling studies of the new indanone derivatives were performed by
docking against the 3D structures of various neuroinflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-1β
(IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B), to gain the mechanistic
insights of their anti-Alzheimer’s and antiparkinsonian effects.

Results:

The newly synthesized indanone analogues 5-10 were found effective against PPZinduced
motor dysfunction and LPS-induced memory impairment in animal models. Among
all the synthesized analogues, morpholine-substituted indanone 9 displayed maximum
anti-parkinsonian activity, even better than the standard drug L-DOPA, while pyrrolidine and
piperidine substituted analogues 5 and 6 were found to be the most potent anti-Alzheimer’s
agents.

Conclusion:

The new 2-arylidene-1-indanone analogues show good potential as promising leads
for designing compounds against Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases.
Research Progress and Future Development Potential of Oridonin in
Pharmacological Activities
Authors: Jiang Jinhuan , Ye Shiying , Sun Shaowei , Cai Jiye
Published: December 2022

In recent years, attention has increasingly focused on herbal medicines and their bioactive
components attributed to their multi-target pharmacological activity and low side effects.
Oridonin is a natural diterpenoid extracted from the traditional Chinese herb and is one of the
main active components of Rabdosia rubescens. Modern pharmacological studies have shown
that oridonin has anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, cardiovascular protective,
immunomodulatory, and other effects. Based on the published literature in recent years,
we outline the pharmacological activities of oridonin, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the
design and development of new oridonin-based drugs, as well as to facilitate the process of
oridonin for clinical use.
Natural Flavonoid and Chalcone Scaffolds as Leads for Synthetic Antitubercular Agents
Authors: Appetecchia Federico , Biava Mariangela , Poce Giovanna
Published: December 2022

Tuberculosis is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, claiming 1.2 million deaths (including 208 000 people with HIV) and 10 million new cases in 2019. Current treatment suffers from significant shortcomings such as length, dosage regimen, toxicity, and resistance development to currently used medicines. The emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis is a major concern in controlling the disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new antitubercular drugs that are active against resistant strains, less toxic, and that act upon a different mechanism than the current drugs. Natural products can be a great source for the development of new anti-tubercular agents because of their rich chemical diversity with privileged antimicrobial activity. In this chapter, we focus our attention on flavonoids and chalcone scaffolds as leads for the development of new antitubercular agents.
In Silico Approaches to Naturally Existing Chalcones and Flavonoids on Mao Inhibitory Action: A Boon to CNS Drug Discovery
Authors: Musa Arafa , Sachidanandan Manoj Kumar , Thomas Parambi Della Grace , Alshammari Mutairah Shaker , Bakr Rania , Abdelgawad Mohammed A. , Panda Dibya Sundar , Bhaskar Vaishnav , Pappachen Leena K. , Mathew Bijo
Published: December 2022

In silico studies or computer-aided drug design (CADD) have led to advancement in drug discovery and development of neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) and neuropsychiatric disorders. CADD is being increasingly used by universities and industries and provides a clear understanding of molecular interactions. Predicting molecular interactions provides relevant information to extract the potential of bioactive compounds. At present, more interest is on natural entities as therapeutic agents with different heterocyclic categories. Various heterocyclic structures are suggested to show MAO (monoamine oxidase) inhibitory activity by CADD and preclinical studies. Among these, chalcones and flavonoids play a major role in MAO inhibitory action because of the phenolic ring. In this chapter, we discuss in silico studies of natural chalcones and flavonoids with MAO inhibitory by considering the complexity of the brain and the multifactorial nature of neurodegenerative disorders. These in silico studies prove that phytoconstituents from herbal medicine with therapeutic properties can serve as lead drug molecules for the treatment of NDDs.
The Role of Flavonoids and other Selected (Poly) Phenols in Cancer Prevention and Therapy: A Focus on Epigenetics
Authors: D’Ascenzio Melissa
Published: December 2022

The importance of diet in determining the incidence of chronic illnesses such as diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer has inspired extensive research on the role of individual dietary components in chemoprevention. Flavonoids and (poly)phenols have often been identified as the ideal candidates for these types of studies, as they represent large classes of natural products that are widely available in fruit and vegetables. In this chapter, we will discuss the antiproliferative properties of flavonols, flavanols, flavones, isoflavones, anthocyanins, curcuminoids and resveratrol derivatives, with a particular focus on their ability to interfere with epigenetic processes and modulate gene expression. We will look at the challenges encountered during the optimisation of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of these natural products and, where possible, we will define structure-activity relationships.
Understanding the role of rheology in the plastic settlement and shrinkage cracking of early age concrete
Authors: Kolawole John Temitope , Combrinck Riaan , Boshoff William Peter
Published: December 2022

Understanding the plastic (settlement/shrinkage) cracking phenomena of early-age concrete is important in-order to establish a holistic approach to minimise its occurrence. One of the factors associated with early-age concrete is the rheo-related behaviour which occur simultaneously within the timeframe known for plastic cracking. It is therefore useful to establish their links to broaden the knowledge of plastic cracking. This study is a novel evaluation of the influence of rheo-physical and rheo-viscoelastic behaviour on the plastic cracking behaviour by systematically altering these behaviours of formulated concrete mixes and extensively characterising them. The theory and frameworks for linking the behaviours were presented and established via statistical and analytical approaches. Significant rheo-related parameters found to influence plastic cracking phenomena include yield stress, structuration, creep and stress relaxation. The rheo-mechanics modelling suggests that the plastic cracking initiation tends to be a ductile failure that is pressure insensitive and sufficiently represented by von Mises criteria. This study opens up a consciousness to start evaluating mitigation strategies directed towards the materials optimisation of concrete mixtures to minimise the occurrence of plastic cracking in early-age concrete.
Tafsir atas buku “Democracy and Education” karya John Dewey oleh pendukung demokrasi
Authors: Suyato Suyato , Arpannudin Iqbal
Published: December 2022

John Dewey’s book, Democracy and Education, published in 1916, was considered a millstone of democratic education. This article was aimed at tracing and identifying variants of interpretations among Deweyan. This article is a literature review. There are at least eight perceptions relating to Dewey’s writing on Democratic education. There are elitist, liberal, neoliberal, deliberative, multiculturalist, participative, critical, and agonistic. Each of them has a different conception, implication, suggestion, and criticism as well as debate relating to Dewey’s writing. In this article, however, just elaborates on two of them, namely liberalist and neoliberalist.  Teaching Democracy has the benefit of that multi-interpretations. It is suggested that the teacher select and modify various suggestions offered by scholars of democratic education in accordance with circumstances or contextual factors in teaching democracy.
Critical illness myopathy and polyneuropathy in a patient with severe COVID -19 infection – a case report
Authors: Šegota Adelmo , Zahirović Nino , Stahović Mario , Mršić Dunja , Bagatin Matea , Šarić Katarina
Published: December 2022

Cilj: Cilj ovoga rada je prikazati bolesnika s teškim oblikom infekcije COVID-19 koji je razvio miopatiju i polineuropatiju kritične bolesti, uz tešku funkcijsku onesposobljenost te proces rehabilitacije, uz pregled literature. Prikaz slučaja: Bolesnik u dobi od 58 godina razvija teški oblik infekcije COVID-19 uz razvoj akutne respiratorne insuficijencije zbog obostrane COVID pneumonije. Zbog pogoršanja kliničke slike mehanički je ventiliran, razvija septički šok te se liječi polifarmakološkom terapijom uz suportivno liječenje i doziranu rehabilitaciju. Nakon poboljšanja kliničkog statusa, bolesnik postaje vitalno i hemodinamski stabilan, na suplementaciji kisikom od 4L/min. Zbog razvoja miopatije i polineuropatije kritične bolesti (engl. Critical-Illness Related Myopathy and Neuropathy; CRYMNE) s posljedičnom generaliziranom teškom mišićnom slabosti uz tešku onesposobljenost, započinje post-COVID multidisciplinarnu rehabilitaciju po individualnom rehabilitacijskom programu (IRP). IRP se sastoji od respiratorne i neuromišićne rehabilitacije te rehabilitacije funkcije za osposobljavanje u aktivnostima svakodnevnog života. Nakon provedenog IRP-a bolesnik je bez zaduhe i zamora pri opterećenju. Saturacija kisikom je postojana te nema razloga za daljnjom oksigenoterapijom. Napredak u rehabilitacijskim ishodima prati se funkcijskim alatima te se registrira smanjenje bolova u zglobovima, jačanje mišićne snage velikih skupina mišića, povećanje snage stiska obiju šaka te smanjenje općeg umora. Bolesnik hoda samostalno pomoću hodalice i peronealne ortoze radi zaostale pareze obaju peroneusa, a mjere funkcijske neovisnosti također su poboljšane, što pridonosi boljoj kvaliteti života. Zaključak: Miopatija i polineuropatija kritične bolesti posljedice su složenih patofizioloških mehanizama uslijed dugotrajne vitalno ugrožavajuće bolesti uz razvoj teške onesposobljenosti i gubitka funkcije. Individualni rehabilitacijski program provodi se kontinuirano, prilagođen je težini kliničke slike, a provodi ga multidisciplinarni tim.
The Practice and Potential Role of HIV Self-testing in China: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Xiu Xiangfei , Qin Yuanyuan , Bao Yugang , Chen Yaokai , Wu Hao , Huang Xiaojie , Wang Lu
Published: December 2022

Background

HIV self-testing (HIVST) is recommended by the World Health Organization as a valid approach to routine HIV testing services. The scale of HIVST use has gradually been expanded in China over the past 5 years. To take a closer look at the role of HIVST in China, we reviewed the promotion and application of HIVST within China.

Objective

The main objective of this study was to systematically analyze the proportion of past use and actual uptake of HIVST within China. Moreover, we aimed to quantify the effect of HIVST on HIV prevention and treatment.

Methods

In all, 5 medical databases and 2 registration systems, including PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, WanFang, China National Knowledge Internet, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry were systematically searched for studies reporting the prevalence of HIVST use from January 1, 2010, to December 25, 2021. Meta-analyses of the pooled proportion estimates were carried out by the meta-package in R software (version 4.1.2). Statistical heterogeneity among the studies was estimated using Cochran Q test and the inconsistency index (I2).

Results

A total of 50 studies were included in our systematic review. The estimated pooled prevalence of HIVST use in China was 29.9% (95% CI 22.5%-37.9%). Among individuals who have ever used HIVST, 47.5% (95% CI 37.2%-57.8%) were tested for HIV for the first time. The pooled reactive rate of HIVST was 4.2% (95% CI 3.1%-5.8%). When HIVST revealed a reactive result, 81.3% (95% CI 70.9%-91.6%) of individuals sought medical care.

Conclusions

In recent times, HIVST has become a valuable tool for HIV prevention in China. The widespread use of HIVST in non–men who have sex with men populations needs to be endorsed and promoted. The long-term applications of HIVST and the potential consequences of self-financing of HIVST in China have yet to be explored.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO CRD42022304846; https://tinyurl.com/54d9pxy8
Hiperrealitas Cantik bagi Mahasiswa Pemakai Skincare
Authors: Fawaid Imam , Hayat Muhammad , Sugiharto Mochamad Aan
Published: December 2022

Hiperrealitas merupakan konsep yang digunakan oleh Jean Baudrillard untuk menjelaskan fenomena lahirnya realitas-realitas buatan yang melampaui realitas nyata, yang ditandai dengan berkembangnya media sosial yang memfasilitasi individu dalam mengekspresikan diri melalui kode-kode visual sebagai tanda untuk merepresentasikan diri mereka. Implikasinya, individu-individu dalam masyarakat modern menjadi terobsesi untuk selalu tampil cantik sempurna. Oleh karena cantik dipahami sebagai the body as physical, maka untuk menjadi cantik seseorang harus melakukan perawatan dengan memakai skincare. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui lebih jauh mengenai fenomena tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif fenomenologis dengan teknik penentuan subjek penelitian menggunakan metode snowball. Adapun pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa hiperrealitas cantik yang terjadi pada mahasiswa pemakai skincare dikelompokkan menjadi tiga fase, yaitu fase simulasi sebagai fase awal, fase simulakra sebagai fase tengah, dan fase simulakrum sebagai fase akhir. Fase simulasi terjadi didukung oleh beberapa faktor, antara lain lingkungan keluarga, lingkungan pertemanan, dan idola yang mengenalkan konstruksi cantik pada subjek penelitian yang kemudian menjadi rujukan untuk ditiru sebagai identitas diri. Fase simulakra terjadi ketika subjek penelitian mulai mempelajari lebih banyak tentang skincare, bereksperimen mencoba berbagai merek skincare, mengikuti akun-akun media sosial skincare, hingga berkonsultasi ke klinik perawatan kulit. Adapun fase simulakrum terjadi ketika subjek penelitian merebut otoritas untuk mereproduksi cantik versinya tetapi terus berproses dalam bayang-bayang negativitas sampai pada titik di mana skincare menjadi kebutuhan baru.
In-vitro cytotoxicity activity of potato (Solanum tuberosum. L) peel extracts against human gingival fibroblasts
Authors: Xuan Khong Mei , Dewi Anne Handrini , Wahyudi Ivan Arie
Published: December 2022

Potato peel is often regarded as waste although it contains phenolic compounds, glycoalkaloids, and flavonoid. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of potato peel extracts on the viability of Human Gingival Fibroblasts (HGF). Potato peel extracts were prepared by a maceration technique. The 96-well tissue culture micro titre plates were seeded with HGF at a density of 2×104 cells/100 μL and incubated for 24 hours. Next, 100 μL of potato peel extracts at a concentration of 62.5 μg/mL, 125 μg/mL, 250 μg/mL, 500 μg/mL, and 1000 μg/mL and a medium (control) were dispensed into the well of the cell culture. Each concentration was evaluated for its viability with 3 replicate samples. The results of the MTT test were analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA and LSD test. The mean and standard deviation of the viable HGF after incubated with the potato peel extract at the concentration of 62.5 μg/mL, 125 μg/mL, 250 μg/mL, 500 μg/mL, and 1000 μg/mL were 98.67% ± 3.56, 88.34% ± 0.79, 55.42% ± 3.96, 28.33% ± 0.60, and 26.26% ± 0.53, respectively. The percentage of non-viable HGF increased with an increase in the concentration of the potato peel extract. The ANOVA test result showed a significant influence of various concentrations of the potato peel extract on the viability of HGF (p<0.05). The result of the LSD-test showed a significant difference among all the treatment groups (p<0.05). A higher concentration of potato peel extracts increased the viability of HGF cell line and the concentrations of 62.5 μg/mL and 125 μg/mL were considered non-cytotoxic.
Speech outcome evaluation in post-cleft palate closure patients with two flaps pushback technique
Authors: Kusumawati Irma , Hardianto Andri , Nurwiadh Agus
Published: December 2022

Speech quality is an essential output in assessing the success of a palatoplasty. The goal of a palatoplasty is not merely to create a simple anatomical closure of the palate, but also to create an adequate velopharyngeal mechanism for a normal speech outcome and to prevent abnormal maxillofacial development after surgery. The aim of this study is to find out the difference in speech outcome between post-cleft palate closure patients and patients without cleft palate. An analytical retrospective study was conducted on 22 children (n = 22) with complete unilateral cleft palate, who had been treated using two flap push back technic of palatoplasty during 2014-2017 by purposive sampling method, and 22 children without cleft palate as the control group. The evaluation of speech outcome was done using an assessment of perception by doing a speech pathologist and instrumental examination by taking a lateral cephalometry radiograph. The perception was assessed by the articulation pattern, hypernasality, and speech intelligibility. The lateral cephalometry radiograph was taken at /i/ phonation to measure the distance velum to the posterior pharynx wall. Data were analyzed using Mann Whitney test. The velopharyngeal competence in post-palatoplasty group consisted of 22.8% adequate result, 0.1% marginal result, and 68.1% inadequate result. Meanwhile, in the control group, there were 72.7% adequate and 27.3% inadequate competence. According to the result of the statistical test, this study concluded that there was a significant difference in speech outcome based on articulation pattern, hypernasality, speech intelligibility, and velopharyngeal distance between post-cleft palate closure patients and patients without cleft palate (p < 0.05). Majority of patients after cleft palate closure with two flaps pushback technique had inadequate velopharyngeal competence with moderate-severe hypernasality, severe nasal emission, abnormal speech intelligibility, and velopharyngeal distance ≥ 5.0 mm, whereas the majority of control group had an adequate velopharyngeal competence.
Caries risk factors based on cariogram among male smokers aged 15-24 years in Temanggung, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Widyagdo Agung , Priyono Bambang , Hanindriyo Lisdrianto
Published: December 2022

Temanggung Regency in Central Java is an area with an extensive tobacco farming, allowing its residents to have ease of access to cigarettes. In addition, it has become a tradition for locals in this area to serve any visiting guest with cigarettes. Adolescents start smoking to cope with the psychosocial crisis during their development, particularly when they try to find their identity. Smoking is, in fact, a risk factor for dental caries, so the adolescents in Temanggung have a quite high prevalence of caries. Thus, this study aimed to determine the sequence of the risk factors affecting the caries risk based on cariogram among male smokers aged 15-24 years (adolescents). This was a quantitative observational study with a cross sectional design. There were 152 subjects (n= 152) selected using a proportionate clustered random sampling out of the total population (316 adolescents). The research was carried out with a clinical examination of the oral cavity, measuring salivary secretions, examining the amount of plaque, and examining DMF-T. Scoring was done using a caliogram application. The results of this study showed that 81.3% of the adolescents had a moderate caries risk, while 18.1% of them had a high caries risk. The sequence of the risk factors affecting the caries risk based on cariogram was bacteria (22.90%), susceptibility (19.39%), dietary habits (12.09%), and other influencing conditions (7.55%).
Differences in Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) among the Elderly Population in Rembang Regency
Authors: Zulva Shafira Nur Amalia , Nasia Avina Anin , Pramudo Setyo Gundi , Purwoko Yosef
Published: December 2022

Epidemiological studies have shown that several factors, such as age, gender, tooth loss, socioeconomic status, cultural background, psychological stress of dental visit, and smoking can influence OHRQoL. Oral health is strongly age dependent, therefore OHRQoL differences are predicted to exist in the elderly group according to WHO. This condition is especially true for Rembang Regency due to the high population of the elderly and the shared ignorance on oral health given an overemphasis on other priorities, which will have an impact on their quality of life. The objective of this study is to know the OHRQOL difference in the elderly group in Rembang Regency with cross-sectional design. The research subjects were selected by inclusion and exclusion criteria with online informed consent. The questionnaire related to age and GOHAI was distributed and filled out online. Data were processed and analyzed using the Kruskall Wallis followed by Mann-Whitney post-hoc analysis and multiple linear regression test. A total of 222 respondents were involved (n= 222) consisting of 102 male and 120 female. The majority level of their OHRQoL were moderate (65.3%). The most affected dimension was physical function since it limits the type or amount of food intake (30.4%). The Kruskall-Wallis test showed significant OHRQoL differences in middle-age, elderly, old, and very old groups (p<0.05). The OHRQoL difference between middle-age and old and middle-age and very old obtained a significant result in the Mann-Whitney post hoc test with p value <0.05. Multiplelinear regression test showed a significant effect of age on OHRQoL with tooth loss as a confounding variable. Thus, Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of the elderly group is significantly different.
A REVIEW: ZINC AS AN ANTIVIRUS ALTERNATIVE TREATMENT FOR HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION
Authors: HAPID M. HASAN , SETIADHI RIANI
Published: December 2022

This study aimed to review zinc's effectiveness as an antivirus in treating herpes simplex virus infection. The authors use international journals published from 2000-2022, and use search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct with the keywords "zinc and herpes simplex virus". The herpes simplex virus that often causes symptoms in humans are HSV type 1 and type 2. The lesions appear as vesicles which then rupture into ulcers. Zinc is one of the most abundant nutrients or metals in the human body besides iron. Studies about the effects of zinc on HSV have shown that it has the function of inhibiting the viral life cycle. HSV attaches to the host cells to replicate and synthesize new viral proteins. Zinc can inhibit this process by depositing on the surface of the virion and inactivating the enzymatic function which is required for the attachment to the host cell, disrupting the surface glycoprotein of the viral membrane so it could not adhere and carry out the next life cycle, it can also inhibit the function of DNA polymerase that works for viral replication in the host cell. This article showed that zinc has effectiveness as an antivirus against the herpes simplex virus, therefore, patients infected with HSV can be treated with zinc as an alternative to an antivirus drug.
RECENT DEVELOPMENT OF RADIONUCLIDE-BASED IMAGING IN DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY OF LUNG CANCER: A REVIEW
Authors: HOLIK HOLIS ABDUL , ARISTAWIDYA LEVINA
Published: December 2022

This review was conducted to review the recent development of radionuclides that potentially used in diagnosis and therapy of lung cancer. A comprehensive article search used a systematic review method based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The article search was conducted using online databases, such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google scholar with inclusion criteria: studies are related to lung cancer and radiopharmaceuticals, contained clinical research results, and were published in the last five years. Five articles were selected and they were analyzed and summarized. Three studies have reported the preclinic data and two studies have reported the clinical data of a phase I study. Two of five studies showed the nuclides were potentially used for NSCLC, one of five studies showed the nuclide was potentially used for SCLC, and the other two studies showed their nuclides were potentially used for both NSCLC and SCLC. 131I-Bevacizumab and 177Lu-Satoreotide Tetraxetan are potential for therapy lung cancer which showed the reduction of tumor uptake, while 89Zr-DFO-nimotuzumab, 68Ga-3PTATE-RGD, and 89Zr-DFOPODS-DAR2SC16-MB1 are potential for diagnosis because it showed high radioactivity concentrations in tumor-bearing mice. Based on five articles, the radionuclides in included articles have shown good results that indicate they are potential. However, some radionuclides still require further complement assessment research to improve their shortcomings.
COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF GASTRITIS THERAPY IN AN AIR FORCE HOSPITAL IN BANDUNG, INDONESIA
Authors: TANJUNG RIANI , WARDATI YULIA , AZIZAH DINI NUR , PRATIWI BHEKTI , MUSTARICHIE RESMI , SAPTARINI NYI MEKAR
Published: December 2022

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the cost-effectiveness of gastritis treatment and the influence factors of cost-effectiveness at an air force hospital in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from patient medical records and Hospital Information System (HIS). This study was conducted from August to October 2020. Cost data includes total costs from the perspective of the hospital (health care) and the perspective of the Social Security Administrator for Health (Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial, BPJS, payer) based on Indonesian-Case Based Groups rates. Outcomes in this study were length of stay (LOS) and leukocytes. Results: There were 129 patients in inpatient units in the year of 2018-2019. The medicines for gastritis therapy were omeprazole and ranitidine injection and lansoprazole and ulsidex tablet. The most cost-effective therapy based on LOS was ranitidine injection, while based on reducing leukocytes was, ranitidine injection from the payer's perspective and lansoprazole from healthcare perspective. Conclusion: There was no significant cost difference between the four treatment options. The sensitivity test showed that the influence factor of the Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) value was decreased leukocytes.
COMPARISON OF ANTIBIOTIC PHARMACOKINETICS PROFILE OF OPHTHALMIC IN SITU GEL AND CONVENTIONAL PREPARATION IN EYE INFECTION: A REVIEW
Authors: TIRAN HANAFI , KURNIAWANSYAH INSAN SUNAN , SAPTARIN NYI MEKAR
Published: December 2022

This article review was aimed to see a significant comparison of the bioavailability of in situ gel preparations compared to conventional preparations in terms of pharmacokinetic profile parameters such as AUC (Area Under Curve), Cmax, Tmax, t½, k (elimination rate constant) and MRT (Mean Residence Time). This article review was conducted by looking for available articles with a different assessment based on original research articles published during 2002–2022. An electronic search was conducted from Pubmed and Google Scholar. A significant increase in bioavailability was produced by in situ gel preparations compared to conventional preparations; this happened because the polymer that used improved the drug delivery system to the targets of previous conventional preparations. The in situ ophthalmic gel preparations have better bioavailability based on pharmacokinetic profiles compared to conventional preparations.
TOPOISOMERASE INHIBITORS ACTIVITY OF YELLOW CHAMPAKA (MICHELIA CHAMPACA L.) BARK EXTRACTS AND FRACTIONS AND ITS LIRIODENINE CONTENTS
Authors: ZUHROTUN ADE , HADISAPUTRI YUNI ELSA , ALEXANDER FREDERICK , SUSENO RUDY , WICAKSONO IMAM ADI
Published: December 2022

Objective: This research is aimed to investigate the activity of various extracts and fractions of yellow champaka (Michelia champaca L.) by mechanism-based yeast bioassay (MBYB) against the mutant yeasts. Liriodenin content, an active compound in M. champaca, will analyze to know the correlation with this assay.

Methods: The bark of M. champaca was extracted by maceration and graded maceration using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The methanol extract was fractionated using water, n-hexane and ethyl acetate in the liquid-liquid extraction process. Each extract and fractions were tested in vitro by mechanism-based yeast bioassay for their topoisomerase inhibitor activity. Liriodenine content of all samples was analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) densitometry method.

Results: The yeast bioassay results showed that all extracts were active as topoisomerase inhibitors (IC12 values under 8000 µg/ml) except MGM. Liriodenine can be used as a marker of active compound in ethyl acetate samples that were EAM, EAGM and EAF with Pearson analysis value-0.887 (P=0.153) and these samples were relatively more active than others.

Conclusion: This research showed that various extracts and fractions of yellow champaka bark have topoisomerase inhibitor's activity. Liriodenine can be used as a marker of the active compound so yellow champak bark is a potent natural agents for breast cancer.
CORRELATION OF ALKALOID CONTENT AND TASTE OF HONEY FROM VARIOUS PROVINCES IN INDONESIA
Authors: MAHANI M. , WULANDARI E. , LEMBONG E. , ADELA L. H. R.
Published: December 2022

Objective: This study analyzed the correlation between alkaloid contents and taste (bitter and rough taste).
Methods: Qualitative analysis was analyzed using Mayer and Draggendorff methods, while quantitative analysis was analyzed using spectrophotometric methods. Taste evaluation in each sample was carried out by descriptive method with parameters including bitter and rough taste. The correlation between alkaloid content and taste in honey was statistically analyzed using a correlation test.
Results: The alkaloids testing showed that the sample with the highest alkaloid content was Tetragonula fuscobalteata honey from Sumbawa province, with an alkaloid content of 119.71 mg/g. In contrast, the sample with the lowest alkaloid content was Geniotrigona thoracica from West Sumatra at 21.24 mg/g. Taste evaluation results showed that the sample with the highest alkaloid content had the most bitter and rough taste.
Conclusion: Honey that has the highest alkaloid content is T. fuscobalteata Sumbawa, with an alkaloid content of 119.71 mg/g, because the availability of adequate alkaloid feed supports this species. In contrast, the honey with the lowest alkaloid content was G. thorasica, with an alkaloid content of 21.24 mg/g, because the availability of adequate alkaloid feed did not support this species. Based on the data, the alkaloid content of honey has a linear correlation with the bitter and rough taste. The higher alkaloid content in honey causes the honey taste to become more bitter and rough.
Pedagogical Treatment of Class-IX Algebra Textbook Topic: Complement of Set under Board of Secondary Education Odisha
Authors: Mishra Yudhisthir , Bandichhor Mr. Saigopal
Published: December 2022

Abstract: According to NCF 2005 -teaching and learning should be connect to outside the school. It should be practical and constructive in nature. The process of teaching should be based on the learner capacity. As we know mathematics is a very important subject in school and most of the student has the fear of learning mathematics. For the proper implementation of the teaching learning process in mathematics, the pedagogical treatment over of content is very important. It prepares a module for the teacher. A better teaching outcome can be achieved through this. The objective of my study is to analyse the content of union of Algebra Textbook into meaningful components, prepare the instructional objectives for each component with reference to revised Bloom's taxonomy, to design the appropriate objective-based learning experiences (Teaching learning material, Teacher’s Activities, Student’s Activities, Blackboard work) and finally to anticipate the strategies for continuous and comprehensive according to blue print design. This treatment over the class ix book helps the teacher for their effective teaching process