bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Starbucks’ expressive space: Reading the visual tectonic of architecture driven by colour system
Authors: Riskiyanto Resza , Anandhita Gustav
Published: May 2022

This paper argues that colour can be seen as a tectonic instrument to visualise spatial order and generate the surface configuration towards the overall form. Colour plays an important role within a space formation system, more than just a decorative element. Colour demonstrates performance that blurs the surface, presents spatial continuity, or emphasises the presence of space through a well-arranged achromatic-polychromatic colour composition. This paper explores various forms of colour combinations in Starbucks’ interior settings to reveal the performance of colour as part of the functional and expressive space formation system. The study utilises Hue, Saturation, and Lightness (HSL) analysis towards multiple case studies of Starbucks to find out to what extent the formation of a colour system that is specifically made for the identity of a product can be implemented on an architectural scale. The findings introduce another logic of colour systems combination that can be used strategically as a basis for designing architectural spaces.
The variability of emotions, physical complaints, intention, and self-efficacy: an ecological momentary assessment study in older adults
Authors: Maes Iris , Mertens Lieze , Poppe Louise , Crombez Geert , Vetrovsky Tomas , Van Dyck Delfien
Published: May 2022

Background

Many theoretical frameworks have been used in order to understand health behaviors such as physical activity, sufficient sleep, healthy eating habits, etc. In most research studies, determinants within these frameworks are assessed only once and thus are considered as stable over time, which leads to rather ‘static’ health behavior change interventions. However, in real-life, individual-level determinants probably vary over time (within days and from day to day), but currently, not much is known about these time-dependent fluctuations in determinants. In order to personalize health behavior change interventions in a more dynamic manner, such information is urgently needed.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to explore the time-dependent variability of emotions, physical complaints, intention, and self-efficacy in older adults (65+) using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA).

Methods

Observational data were collected in 64 healthy older adults (56.3% men; mean age 72.1 ± 5.6 years) using EMA. Participants answered questions regarding emotions (i.e., cheerfulness, relaxation, enthusiasm, satisfaction, insecurity, anxiousness, irritation, feeling down), physical complaints (i.e., fatigue, pain, dizziness, stiffness, shortness of breath), intention, and self-efficacy six times a day for seven consecutive days using a smartphone-based questionnaire. Generalized linear mixed models were used to assess the fluctuations of individual determinants within subjects and over days.

Results

A low variability is present for the negative emotions (i.e., insecurity, anxiousness, irritation, feeling down) and physical complaints of dizziness and shortness of breath. The majority of the variance for relaxation, satisfaction, insecurity, anxiousness, irritation, feeling down, fatigue, dizziness, intention, and self-efficacy is explained by the within subjects and within days variance (42.9% to 65.8%). Hence, these determinants mainly differed within the same subject and within the same day. The between subjects variance explained the majority of the variance for cheerfulness, enthusiasm, pain, stiffness, and shortness of breath (50.2% to 67.3%). Hence, these determinants mainly differed between different subjects.

Conclusions

This study reveals that multiple individual-level determinants are time-dependent, and are better considered as ‘dynamic’ or unstable behavior determinants. This study provides us with important insights concerning the development of dynamic health behavior change interventions, anticipating real-time dynamics of determinants instead of considering determinants as stable within individuals.
Identification of vaccine targets & design of vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus using computational and deep learning-based approaches
Authors: Abbasi Bilal Ahmed , Saraf Devansh , Sharma Trapti , Sinha Robin , Singh Shachee , Sood Shriya , Gupta Pranjay , Gupta Akshat , Mishra Kartik , Kumari Priya , Rawal Kamal
Published: May 2022

An unusual pneumonia infection, named COVID-19, was reported on December 2019 in China. It was reported to be caused by a novel coronavirus which has infected approximately 220 million people worldwide with a death toll of 4.5 million as of September 2021. This study is focused on finding potential vaccine candidates and designing an in-silico subunit multi-epitope vaccine candidates using a unique computational pipeline, integrating reverse vaccinology, molecular docking and simulation methods. A protein named spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 with the GenBank ID QHD43416.1 was shortlisted as a potential vaccine candidate and was examined for presence of B-cell and T-cell epitopes. We also investigated antigenicity and interaction with distinct polymorphic alleles of the epitopes. High ranking epitopes such as DLCFTNVY (B cell epitope), KIADYNKL (MHC Class-I) and VKNKCVNFN (MHC class-II) were shortlisted for subsequent analysis. Digestion analysis verified the safety and stability of the shortlisted peptides. Docking study reported a strong binding of proposed peptides with HLA-A*02 and HLA-B7 alleles. We used standard methods to construct vaccine model and this construct was evaluated further for its antigenicity, physicochemical properties, 2D and 3D structure prediction and validation. Further, molecular docking followed by molecular dynamics simulation was performed to evaluate the binding affinity and stability of TLR-4 and vaccine complex. Finally, the vaccine construct was reverse transcribed and adapted for E. coli strain K 12 prior to the insertion within the pET-28-a (+) vector for determining translational and microbial expression followed by conservancy analysis. Also, six multi-epitope subunit vaccines were constructed using different strategies containing immunogenic epitopes, appropriate adjuvants and linker sequences. We propose that our vaccine constructs can be used for downstream investigations using in-vitro and in-vivo studies to design effective and safe vaccine against different strains of COVID-19.
Traumatic Uterine and Bladder Rupture due to Instrumental Vaginal Delivery by Vacuum: A Case Report
Authors: Yaliwal Rajasri G , Kori Shreedevi S , Mudanur Subhashchandra R , Manne Sindhu
Published: May 2022

Uterine rupture is a very rare but critical obstetrical complication that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. It is a major complication of instrumental delivery due to lack of skilled personnel and inadequate monitoring in the intrapartum period of delivery. Here, authors present a case report of a 30-year-old woman, who presented to the hospital with complaints of acute abdominal pain, per vaginal bleeding and leakage of urine following vacuum assisted vaginal delivery.This led to traumatic postpartum haemorrhage that required further surgical evaluation and management. Retrospective analysis of such cases give us an idea of the problems that still exist with instrumental deliveries and the importance of labour surveillance during the 2nd stage of labour. Traumatic uterine and bladder rupture following vacuum delivery is a preventable cause of postpartum haemorrhage. Timely recognition of the condition can reduce the maternal morbidity and mortality.
Bilateral Refractory Neurosensory Retinal and Pigment Epithelial Detachments
Authors: Houghton Odette M.
Published: May 2022

An 88-year-old woman with a history of exudative age-related macular degeneration presents with persistent subretinal fluid and enlarging pigment epithelial detachments. What would you do next?
Remyelination in humans due to a retinoid‐X receptor agonist is age‐dependent
Authors: McMurran Christopher E. , Mukherjee Trisha , Brown J William L. , Michell Andrew W. , Chard Declan T. , Franklin Robin J. M. , Coles Alasdair J. , Cunniffe Nick G.
Published: May 2022

Remyelination efficiency declines with advancing age in animal models, but this has been harder to demonstrate in people with multiple sclerosis. We show that bexarotene, a putatively remyelinating retinoid‐X receptor agonist, shortened the visual evoked potential latency in patients with chronic optic neuropathy aged under 42 years only (with the effect diminishing by 0.45 ms per year of age); and increased the magnetization transfer ratio of deep gray matter lesions in those under 43 years only. Addressing this age‐related decline in human remyelination capacity will be an important step in the development of remyelinating therapies that work across the lifespan.
Identification of Multimorbidity Patterns in Rheumatoid Arthritis Through Machine Learning
Authors: England Bryant R. , Yang Yangyuna , Roul Punyasha , Haas Christian , Najjar Lotfollah , Sayles Harlan , Yu Fang , Sauer Brian C. , Baker Joshua F. , Xie Fenglong , Michaud Kaleb , Curtis Jeffrey R. , Mikuls Ted R.
Published: May 2022

Objective

Recognizing that the interrelationships between chronic conditions that complicate rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are poorly understood, we aimed to identify patterns of multimorbidity and to define their prevalence in RA through machine learning.

Methods

We constructed RA and age‐ and sex‐matched (1:1) non‐RA cohorts within a large commercial insurance database (MarketScan) and the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Chronic conditions (n = 44) were identified from diagnosis codes from outpatient and inpatient encounters. Exploratory factor analysis was performed separately in both databases, stratified by RA diagnosis and sex, to identify multimorbidity patterns. The association of RA with different multimorbidity patterns was determined using conditional logistic regression.

Results

We studied 226,850 patients in MarketScan (76% female) and 120,780 patients in the VHA (89% male). The primary multimorbidity patterns identified were characterized by the presence of cardiopulmonary, cardiometabolic, and mental health and chronic pain disorders. Multimorbidity patterns were similar between RA and non‐RA patients, female and male patients, and patients in MarketScan and the VHA. RA patients had higher odds of each multimorbidity pattern (odds ratios [ORs] 1.17–2.96), with mental health and chronic pain disorders being the multimorbidity pattern most strongly associated with RA (ORs 2.07–2.96).

Conclusion

Cardiopulmonary, cardiometabolic, and mental health and chronic pain disorders represent predominant multimorbidity patterns, each of which is overrepresented in RA. The identification of multimorbidity patterns occurring more frequently in RA is an important first step in progressing toward a holistic approach to RA management and warrants assessment of their clinical and predictive utility.
Broadband Nanoscale Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy by Multiresonant Nanolaminate Plasmonic Nanocavities on Vertical Nanopillars
Authors: Nie Meitong , Zhao Yuming , Nam Wonil , Song Junyeob , Zhu Wenqi , Lezec Henri J. , Agrawal Amit , Zhou Wei
Published: May 2022

Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has become a sensitive detection technique for biochemical analysis. Despite significant research efforts, most SERS substrates consisting of single‐resonant plasmonic nanostructures on the planar surface suffer from limitations of narrowband SERS operation and unoptimized nano‐bio interface with living cells. Here, it is reported that nanolaminate plasmonic nanocavities on 3D vertical nanopillar arrays can support a broadband SERS operation with large enhancement factors (>106) under laser excitations at 532, 633, and 785 nm. The multi‐band Raman mapping measurements show that nanolaminate plasmonic nanocavities on vertical nanopillar arrays exhibit broadband uniform SERS performance with diffraction‐limited resolution at a single nanopillar footprint. By selective exposure of embedded plasmonic hotspots in individual metal–insulator–metal (MIM) nanogaps, nanoscale broadband SERS operation at the single MIM nanocavity level with visible and near‐infrared (vis–NIR) excitations is demonstrated. Numerical studies reveal that nanolaminate plasmonic nanocavities on vertical nanopillars can support multiple hybridized plasmonic modes to concentrate optical fields across a broadband wavelength range from 500 to 900 nm at the nanoscale.
Embedding Optical Microcavities in Nanoporous SiO2Film via Infill Inkjet Printing
Authors: Obata Nasim , Mikami Yuya , Yoshioka Hiroaki , Oki Yuji
Published: May 2022

The main practical method for fabricating fine optical structures involves mounting them on the surface of a substrate. Although there are other methods for fabricating structures inside materials, none involves the fabrication of optical structures, particularly resonator structures. Thus, a novel method, namely, infill printing in which a resonator structure is embedded in a nanoporous film, is demonstrated to fabricate optical structures. The highly transparent nanoporous film comprises nonspherical SiO2nanoparticles with a diameter of ≈12 nm. The voids in the nanoporous film are interconnected, facilitating the penetration of polymers exhibiting a diameter of 2–3 nm. By filling the voids in the nanoporous film with a hyperbranched polymer via the printing method, the refractive index can be uniformly controlled, and the optical structures can be embedded. Using infill printing, this is the first time a microdisk resonator exhibiting a reasonable quality factor inside a nanoporous film is successfully demonstrated just as “writing on paper.”
Fundamentals of Scanning Surface Structuring by Ultrashort Laser Pulses: From Electron Diffusion to Final Morphology
Authors: Nyenhuis Fabian , Terekhin Pavel N. , Menold Tobias , Rethfeld Baerbel , Michalowski Andreas , L'huillier Johannes A.
Published: May 2022

Industrial use of ultrashort pulse surface structuring would significantly increase by effective utilization of the average laser powers available currently. However, the unexplained degradation of surfaces processed with numerous pulses at high average laser power makes this difficult. Based on a systematic experimental study, the structure formation underlying such surface degradation is investigated. Furthermore, a hierarchical structural formation model that bridges the gap between laser‐induced periodic surface structures and surface degradation is presented. Contrary to expectations based on previous research, less structure formation on titanium was observed for higher laser fluences. As a possible reason, enhanced electron diffusion with increasing intensity is investigated within the framework of the two‐temperature model. Our findings provide a deeper understanding of the microscopic mechanisms involved in surface structuring with ultrashort pulses.
Controlling Light in Scattering Materials for Volumetric Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Madrid‐Wolff Jorge , Boniface Antoine , Loterie Damien , Delrot Paul , Moser Christophe
Published: May 2022

3D printing has revolutionized the manufacturing of volumetric components and structures in many areas. Several fully volumetric light‐based techniques have been recently developed thanks to the advent of photocurable resins, promising to reach unprecedented short print time (down to a few tens of seconds) while keeping a good resolution (around 100 μm). However, these new approaches only work with homogeneous and relatively transparent resins so that the light patterns used for photo‐polymerization are not scrambled along their propagation. Herein, a method that takes into account light scattering in the resin prior to computing projection patterns is proposed. Using a tomographic volumetric printer, it is experimentally demonstrated that implementation of this correction is critical when printing objects whose size exceeds the scattering mean free path. To show the broad applicability of the technique, functional objects of high print fidelity are fabricated in hard organic scattering acrylates and soft cell‐laden hydrogels (at 4 million cells mL−1). This opens up promising perspectives in printing inside turbid materials with particular interesting applications for bioprinting cell‐laden constructs.
Multiomics Analysis Identifies SOCS1 as Restraining T Cell Activation and Preventing Graft‐Versus‐Host Disease
Authors: Guo Huidong , Li Ruifeng , Wang Ming , Hou Yingping , Liu Shuoshuo , Peng Ting , Zhao Xiang‐Yu , Lu Liming , Han Yali , Shao Yiming , Chang Ying‐Jun , Li Cheng , Huang Xiao‐Jun
Published: May 2022

Graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) is a major life‐threatening complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). Inflammatory signaling pathways promote T‐cell activation and are involved in the pathogenesis of GVHD. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) is a critical negative regulator for several inflammatory cytokines. However, its regulatory role in T‐cell activation and GVHD has not been elucidated. Multiomics analysis of the transcriptome and chromatin structure of granulocyte‐colony‐stimulating‐factor (G‐CSF)‐administered hyporesponsive T cells from healthy donors reveal that G‐CSF upregulates SOCS1 by reorganizing the chromatin structure around the SOCS1 locus. Parallel in vitro and in vivo analyses demonstrate that SOCS1 is critical for restraining T cell activation. Loss of Socs1 in T cells exacerbates GVHD pathogenesis and diminishes the protective role of G‐CSF in GVHD mouse models. Further analysis shows that SOCS1 inhibits T cell activation not only by inhibiting the colony‐stimulating‐factor 3 receptor (CSF3R)/Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway, but also by restraining activation of the inflammasome signaling pathway. Moreover, high expression of SOCS1 in T cells from patients correlates with low acute GVHD occurrence after HSCT. Overall, these findings identify that SOCS1 is critical for inhibiting T cell activation and represents a potential target for the attenuation of GVHD.
Complete Sequences of the Velvet Worm Slime Proteins Reveal that Slime Formation is Enabled by Disulfide Bonds and Intrinsically Disordered Regions
Authors: Lu Yang , Sharma Bhargy , Soon Wei Long , Shi Xiangyan , Zhao Tianyun , Lim Yan Ting , Sobota Radoslaw M. , Hoon Shawn , Pilloni Giovanni , Usadi Adam , Pervushin Konstantin , Miserez Ali
Published: May 2022

The slime of velvet worms (Onychophora) is a strong and fully biodegradable protein material, which upon ejection undergoes a fast liquid‐to‐solid transition to ensnare prey. However, the molecular mechanisms of slime self‐assembly are still not well understood, notably because the primary structures of slime proteins are yet unknown. Combining transcriptomic and proteomic studies, the authors have obtained the complete primary sequences of slime proteins and identified key features for slime self‐assembly. The high molecular weight slime proteins contain cysteine residues at the N‐ and C‐termini that mediate the formation of multi‐protein complexes via disulfide bonding. Low complexity domains in the N‐termini are also identified and their propensity for liquid‐liquid phase separation is established, which may play a central role in slime biofabrication. Using solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance, rigid and flexible domains of the slime proteins are mapped to specific peptide domains. The complete sequencing of major slime proteins is an important step toward sustainable fabrication of polymers inspired by the velvet worm slime.
Phase change composites with thermal‐formability and photothermal storage property for high flux crude oil transmission
Authors: Liu Lu , Zhang Yuang , Zhang Shufen , Tang Bingtao
Published: May 2022

Crude oil pipeline transportation is one of widely used ways in land transportation and comprises a large share of the world's long‐distance oil transmission. Warming and heat preservation of crude oil is vital for efficient oil pipeline transportation. However, it remains a formidable challenge in coping with caused tremendous energy consumption and environmental pollution. In this work, bio‐based phase change composites with superior thermal‐formability and photothermal storage properties were fabricated and molded to photothermal oil transportation system using template‐confined thermoforming strategy. On the basis of desirable thermal energy management ability of PEG as well as the synergistic effects between heat localization and electron nonradiative transition of Fe2O3 nanoparticles, the system realized a remarkable decrease in oil viscosity and efficient transmission. Particularly, the preparation process could be facilely scaled up and indicate real application feasibility. This successful exploration offers a significant path for developing green, highly effective crude oil transportation.
CoN graphene encapsulated cobalt catalyst for H2O2 decomposition under acidic conditions
Authors: Yang Liu , Yu Pengfei , Li Wenyuan , Cao Fengliang , Jin Xin , Xue Sheng , Zhang Xianglong , Zhang Tingwei , Wu Mingbo , Wu Wenting
Published: May 2022

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been listed as one of the 100 most important chemicals in the world. However, huge amount of residual H2O2 is hard to timely decomposed into O2 and H2O under acidic condition, easily resulting in explosion hazard. Here, we reported a core–shell structure catalyst, that is graphene with CoN structure encapsulated Co nanoparticles. CoN graphene shell serves as the active site for the H2O2 decomposition, and Co core further enhance this decomposition. Benefiting from it, the H2O2 decomposition were close to 100% after 6 cycles without pH adjustment, which increased 6 orders of magnitude compared with no catalyst. At the same time, the O2 generation reached 99.67% in 2 h with little metal leaching, and ·OH has been greatly inhibited to only 0.08%. This work can cleanly remove H2O2 with little deep oxidation and protect the process of H2O2 utilization to achieve a safer world.
Rapid‐cycling Brassica rapa evolves even earlier flowering under experimental drought
Authors: Johnson Stephen E. , Hamann Elena , Franks Steven J.
Published: May 2022

Premise

Changes in climate can impose selection on populations and may lead to rapid evolution. One such climatic stress is drought, which plant populations may respond to with escape (rapid growth and early flowering) or avoidance (slow growth and efficient water‐use). However, it is unclear if drought escape would be a viable strategy for populations that already flower early from prior selection.

Methods

In an experimental evolution study, we subjected rapid‐cycling Brassica rapa (RCBr), which was previously selected for early flowering, to four generations of experimental drought or watered conditions. We then grew ancestral and descendant populations concurrently under drought and watered conditions to assess evolution, plasticity, and adaptation.

Results

The RCBr populations that evolved under drought had earlier flowering and lower water‐use efficiency than the populations that evolved under watered conditions, indicating evolutionary divergence. The drought descendants also had a trend of earlier flowering compared to ancestors, indicating evolution. Evolution of earlier flowering under drought followed the direction of selection and increased fitness and was consistent with studies in natural and experimental populations of this species, suggesting adaptive evolution.

Conclusions

We found rapid adaptive evolution of drought escape in RCBr and little evidence for constraints on flowering time evolution, even though RCBr already flowers extremely early. Our results suggest that some populations may harbor sufficient genetic variation for evolution even after strong selection has occurred. Our study also illustrates the utility of combining artificial selection, experimental evolution, and the resurrection approach to study the evolution of functional traits.
Estimates of COVID‐19 vaccine uptake in major occupational groups and detailed occupational categories in the United States, April–May 2021
Authors: Henneberger Paul K. , Cox‐Ganser Jean M. , Guthrie Garret M. , Groth Caroline P.
Published: May 2022

Background

While other studies have reported estimates of COVID‐19 vaccine uptake by broad occupational group, little is known about vaccine uptake by detailed occupational category.

Methods

Data on COVID‐19 vaccination were provided by US adults ages ≥18 years old who responded to the Facebook/Delphi Group COVID‐19 Trends and Impact Survey (Delphi US CTIS) in April–May 2021, reported working for pay in the past 4 weeks, and answered questions about their COVID‐19 vaccine status. Percentages of occupational groups reporting having had at least one COVID‐19 vaccination were weighted to resemble the US general population and calculated for 23 major occupational groups and 120 detailed occupational categories in 15 major groups.

Results

COVID‐19 vaccine uptake for all 828,401 working adult respondents was 73.6%. Uptake varied considerably across the 23 major occupational groups, from 45.7% for Construction and Extraction to 87.9% for Education, Training, and Library. Percentage vaccinated was also very low for Installation, Maintenance, and Repair at 52.1% and Farming, Fishing, and Forestry at 53.9%. Among the 120 detailed occupational categories, the highest percentage vaccinated was 93.9% for Postsecondary Teacher and the three lowest values were 39.1% for Any Extraction Worker in Oil, Gas, Mining, or Quarrying; 40.1% for Vehicle or Mobile Equipment Mechanic, Installer, or Repairer; and 42.0% for Any Construction Trades Worker.

Conclusion

Low vaccination percentages were seen in many US occupations by the end of May 2021, early in the period of widespread availability of vaccines for adults. These findings could help inform the deployment of occupation‐specific vaccinepromotion activities during future viral epidemics and pandemics.
Intramolecular Cyclization of 2‐Alkynylphenylcarbonyls With a Pendant Double Bond under Copper Catalysis: A General Approach to Norabietane Core Structure
Authors: Kang Juyeon , Lee Ju Hui , Lee Junseong , Oh Chang Ho
Published: May 2022

Synthetic routes leading to [6,6,6]‐tricyclic compounds were reported using metal catalysts from ene‐yne‐aldehydes in our group. Based on this result, the synthesis of various [6,6,6]‐tricyclic compounds is reported using transition metal‐catalyzed cyclization from enyne‐carbonyl substrates containing H, Me, Ph, OMe, CO2Me, and CO2i‐Pr groups. Tricyclic compounds containing the CO2Me group would be the prospective precursors of the natural product Lepenine.
Probing Dynamical Anderson Transition in a Periodically‐Driven Lattice by Statistical Measures
Authors: Zheng Qiang , Qin Pinquan , Zhi Qi‐jun , Li Yong
Published: May 2022

The Floquet system, as a platform to explore new physics in the time domain, has attracted wide interest. This paper considers the dynamical Anderson transition of a single particle in a 1D incommensurate potential, acted by periodic driving. The competition of three elements including the quasi‐disorder, periodic driving, and hopping, produces very rich yet unexplored phenomena in the system. The variance of the Shannon entropy is suggested, inspired by the fact that the Shannon entropy is just the mean information. For the ratio of nearest quasi‐eigenenergy spacings, its probability density distribution is obtained numerically. Based on this distribution, two statistical measures, the entropy of the ratio and the variance of the entropy are suggested to detect the dynamical transition. Moreover, the Anderson transition can also be identified by the pseudo‐spin operators based on the site bases.
The Lived Experiences of Individuals Whose Partners Have Completed a Family Therapy Focused Doctoral Program
Authors: Guerrero Shoshannah D. , Williams Flora E. , Louison Rebecca R. , Morgan‐Sowada Heather
Published: May 2022

Successful completion of a doctoral program requires dedication and commitment from the student and their family system. However, previous research pertaining to graduate student relationship satisfaction has sought out the perspective of the student. In this phenomenological research study researchers inquired about the lived experiences of eight partners of graduate students completing a doctoral program with a family therapy focus. Researchers inquired about the lived experiences of the partners of the graduate student, and through thematic analysis identified five essential themes: (1) PhD as a priority; (2) learning to have congruent communication; (3) tension; (4) maintaining appreciation; and (5) differentiation and re‐integration. The researchers join the voices of the participants in calling for changes to the on‐boarding process for new doctoral students, and their partners. Educational institutions can provide realistic expectations of the demands on the doctoral student and their partners, thereby providing informed consent in the process. There is also opportunity for leadership to actively reduce stigma around highly successful individuals in academia accessing mental health services.
Experimental investigation of pore structure during high sodium coal ash sintering with and without calcium oxide additive through XCT technology
Authors: Fang Hao , Wang Zhaowen , Luo Jiawei , Ji Mengting , Zhou Hao
Published: May 2022

This article investigates the evolution of morphology and pore structure during sintering at 1200°C for a high sodium coal ash, with and without using a calcium oxide additive. The effect of different proportions of calcium oxide additive was studied. The ratios of height and area of samples were calculated, and representative sintering time points of morphological changes were captured. Meanwhile, frequencies of diameter, pore numbers, and porosities were obtained by processing images. The maximum ratio of height and area reached at 15 min, 4 min, and 10 min for the sintering process of coal ash sample without additive, with 5% and 10% CaO, proving that CaO accelerates the sintering process. In comparison, the maximum porosities were 52.4%, 39.5%, and 47.0% for sintering samples after 10 min, 6 min, and 40 min. Besides, X‐ray diffraction analysis of the minerals of the condensed white matter was conducted.
A stretchable, compressible and anti‐freezing ionic gel based on a natural deep eutectic solvent applied as a strain sensor
Authors: Yan Mingkai , Li Xiaoyu , Lian Hailan
Published: May 2022

Glycerin (Gly), a common by‐product in petrochemical industry, is used as hydrogen bond donor. Green organic choline chloride (ChCl) as hydrogen bond acceptor. Natural deep eutectic solvent (NDES) can be prepared with Gly and ChCl. Subsequently, a starch/NDES ionic gel is prepared by in situ free radical polymerization of acrylamide monomer in NDES with starch as the reinforcement. The effects of amylose content in starch and starch addition amount on mechanical properties of ionic gel are analyzed. The results show that starch could be partially dissolved and dispersed in NDES. Compared with the tensile strength of pure NDES gel (about 15 kPa), the tensile strength of starch/NDES ionic gel is increased by 6 times to 90 kPa. It shows good self‐recovery performance after 20 compression cycles. Starch/NDES ionic gel has good thermal stability and frost resistance. In addition, CS4 starch/NDES ionic gel has the highest conductivity. At the same time, starch/NDES ionic gel has been successfully applied to monitor grasping motion of hand, which has the potential of strain sensor. It provides a new green method for the design of electronic products such as electronic skin.
Surface modification of cellulose nanocrystal and its applications in flame retardant epoxy resin
Authors: Suo Yifan , Gao Wei , Chen Zhongwei , Yu Yuan , Chen Tingting , Li Changxin , Zhang Qingwu , Jiang Juncheng
Published: May 2022

In this work, surface modification of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) with diphenyl phosphate and Zn(OAc)2·2H2O was prepared by a green method to obtain CNC‐based flame retardant CNC@DPP@Zn and then added into epoxy resins (EP). The structure, morphology, and thermal stability of CNC@DPP@Zn were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). Flame retardancy and combustion behavior of EP/CNC@DPP@Zn composites were characterized by TG, limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, vertical burning (UL‐94) test and cone calorimeter tests (CCT). The results of CCT demonstrated that the peak heat release rate (pHRR), total heat release (THR), and total smoke production (TSP) of EP/8CNC@DPP@Zn composites reduced by 38.3%, 15.5%, and 36.0%, respectively, compared with pure EP. The char residues after CCT were characterized by laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Finally, the flame retardancy mechanism of CNC@DPP@Zn was proposed.
Evaluation of piezoelectric behavior and biocompatibility of poly(vinylidene fluoride) ultrafine fibers with incorporated talc nanosheets
Authors: Shetty Sawan , Murugesan Selvakumar , Salehi Sahar , Pellert Alexandra , Scheibel Melanie , Scheibel Thomas , Anandhan Srinivasan
Published: May 2022

Herein, we fabricated biocompatible ultrafine fibers based on talc nanosheets (TNS)/PVDF composites that can exhibit robust electromechanical responses. Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) was extensively used to decode various characteristics, including ferroelectric and piezoelectric coefficients. The 0.5 wt% TNS dispersed ultrafine fibers exhibited well‐defined ferroelectric characteristics with an enhanced piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of ≈43.3 pm/V compared to 10 pm/V measured for the pristine PVDF ultrafine fibers. It was observed that the piezoelectric coefficient values strongly depended on the morphology and electroactive phase fraction of the ensuing composite ultrafine fiber. The advantage of a high aspect ratio and surface charges offered by TNS alongside electrospinning augmented the composite ultrafine fiber's piezoelectric response. Further, in‐vitro cytotoxicity of the TNS/PVDF composite ultrafine fibers was examined using BALB/3T3 fibroblasts based on ISO Standard 10993‐5. Importantly, the new composite fibers showed no cytotoxic response and the exposed fibroblasts showed excellent viability. Thus, these fabricated TNS/PVDF piezoelectric ultrafine fibers are well suited for applications in bioelectronics, especially as flexible wearable electronic devices, including sensors.
Myths of private origins
Authors: Guralnik Orna
Published: May 2022

Inspired by clinical work with two couples, this short paper makes the case for a psychoanalytic read of the subject, and their parental environment, as embedded in a sociocultural context.
Development of Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Based on Time‐domain Lifetime Measurement with a Sensing Film Fabricated by Embedding PtOEP in Highly Stable and Highly Hydrophobic Fluorinated Matrix
Authors: Xu Yihan , Qi Guoping , Yan Liuming , Yue Baohua , Yang Yang , Hu Desheng
Published: May 2022

A dissolved oxygen sensor was developed based on time‐domain lifetime measurement with an oxygen sensing film. The oxygen sensing film was fabricated by embedding PtOEP in a highly stable and highly hydrophobic fluorinated matrix synthesized from methacrylate, fluorinated methacrylate, and 3‐(tris(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl)propyl methacrylate via free radical polymerization. The fluorinated methacrylate provided the high stability and the 3‐(tris(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl)propyl methacrylate provided the extra hydrophobicity. The PtOEP was excited using pulsed signals from a green‐light LED and the fluorescence lifetime was evaluated by time‐domain lifetime measurement. The dynamical quenching of fluorescence response by dissolved oxygen was calibrated using the Stern‐Volmer plot with a high
ratio of 5.68 and a Stern‐Volmer constant of 0.112 mg−1 dm3. It was demonstrated that the dissolved oxygen sensing film showed high stability under the varied excitation intensity and long‐term stability in the accelerated aging experiment and the repeated freeze‐thaw‐cycling tests.
Standardization of presurgical language fMRI in Greek population: Mapping of six critical regions
Authors: Gkiatis Kostakis , Garganis Kyriakos , Benjamin Christopher F. , Karanasiou Irene , Kondylidis Nikolaos , Harushukuri Jean , Matsopoulos George K.
Published: May 2022

Background

Mapping the language system has been crucial in presurgical evaluation especially when the area to be resected is near relevant eloquent cortex. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) proved to be a noninvasive alternative of Wada test that can account not only for language lateralization but also for localization when appropriate tasks and MRI sequences are being used. The tasks utilized during the fMRI acquisition are playing a crucial role as to which areas will be activated. Recent studies demonstrated that key language regions exist outside the classical model of “Wernicke–Lichtheim–Geschwind,” but sensitive tasks must take place in order to be revealed. On top of that, the tasks should be in mother tongue for appropriate language mapping to be possible.

Methods

For that reason, in this study, we adopted an English protocol that can reveal six language critical regions even in clinical setups and we translated it into Greek to prove its efficacy in Greek population. Twenty healthy right‐handed volunteers were recruited and performed the fMRI acquisition in a standardized manner.

Results

Results demonstrated that all six language critical regions were activated in all subjects as well as the group mean map. Furthermore, activations were found in the thalamus, the caudate, and the contralateral cerebellum.

Conclusion

In this study, we standardized an fMRI protocol in Greek and proved that it can reliably activate six language critical regions. We have validated its efficacy for presurgical language mapping in Greek patients capable to be adopted in clinical setup.
Integration of bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation identifies plasma exosomal miR‐103b/877‐5p/29c‐5p as diagnostic biomarkers for early lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wu Jing , Feng Zian , Wang Rui , Li Ang , Wang Hong , He Xiaodong , Shen Zuojun
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study was to identify miRNAs in plasma exosomes as noninvasive biomarkers for the early diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). First, exosomal miRNA profiling of three patients with early LUAD and three patients with benign lung disease were screened by next‐generation sequencing (NGS) method. Sequencing results showed that 154 exosomal miRNAs were differentially expressed in the plasma of LUAD patients, among which 68 miRNAs were up‐regulated and 86 miRNAs were down‐regulated. GSE137140 is a GEO database containing serum miRNAs sequencing data from 1566 lung cancer patients and 1774 non‐cancer patients controls. When comparing the sequencing data, it was found that most miRNAs (37/68) up‐regulated in our LUAD group were also significantly up‐regulated in GSE137140, suggesting that circulating miRNAs in lung cancer patients may be enriched in plasma exosomes. In GSE137140, the AUC of the combination of hsa‐miR‐103b, hsa‐miR‐29c‐5p and hsa‐miR‐877‐5p was 0.873, showing great potential as new tumor markers. To our knowledge, these three exosomal miRNAs have not been reported in lung cancer research. Furthermore, bioinformatics tools were used to analyze the target genes of three candidate miRNAs, which were indeed closely related to the occurrence and development of lung cancer. Bioinformatics algorithms deduced a highly conserved sequence in the 3’‐UTR of SFRP4, FOXM1 and TMEM98 that could be bound with miR‐103b/877‐5p/29c‐5p. A luciferase assay indicated that miR‐103b/877‐5p/29c‐5p directly targeted the 3’‐UTR of SFRP4, FOXM1 and TMEM98, respectively. Finally, three candidate miRNAs were validated by qRT‐PCR in 17 early LUAD samples and 17 control plasma samples. Integration of bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation identifies, this study provides novel insights into miRNA‐related networks in LUAD. Hsa‐miR‐103b, hsa‐miR‐29c‐5p, and hsa‐miR‐877‐5p may be used as diagnostic biomarkers for early LUAD.
Dose of intra‐operative opioids has no impact on recurrence or survival in primary liver cancer
Authors: Zhao Liuyuan , Teng Lei , Zhang Wenhui , Lin Shiyan , Liu Xuejiao , Dai Junzhu , Shao Hongxue , Li Xiaoshi , Liu Quan , Zou Huichao
Published: May 2022

Background

Intra‐operative use of opioid analgesics might have an impact on cancer recurrence and survival after surgery. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between the intra‐operative fentanyl equivalents and survival outcomes in patients with primary liver cancer after receiving hepatectomy.

Methods

This was a retrospective single‐center cohort study, and clinical data of 700 patients with primary liver cancer who underwent hepatectomy in Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital from September 2013 to August 2018 were reviewed. After propensity matching, 376 patients were included. Patients were divided into high‐dose and low‐dose groups according to the median intra‐operative fentanyl equivalents (1.500 mg). Kaplan Meier curve and Cox proportional hazards regression model were used.

Results

Results of univariable analysis showed there were no significant differences in recurrence‐free survival (RFS) (p = 0.136) and overall survival (OS) (p = 0.444) between high‐dose fentanyl equivalents and low‐dose fentanyl equivalents group. The multivariable Cox regression analysis found that the dose of intra‐operative fentanyl equivalents was not associated with RFS (HR: 1.119, 95%CI: 0.851–1.472, p = 0.422) or OS (HR: 0.939, 95%CI: 0.668–1.319, p = 0.715).

Conclusions

The amounts of intra‐operative fentanyl equivalents had no impact on recurrence‐free or overall survival in patients with primary liver cancer after curative hepatectomy.
Exosomes and their roles in the chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Pan Yubin , Tang Honglin , Li Qijun , Chen Guangpeng , Li Da
Published: May 2022

Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains one of the most lethal human malignancies worldwide. Due to the insidious onset and the rapid progression, most patients with PC are diagnosed at an advanced stage rendering them inoperable. Despite the development of multiple promising chemotherapeutic agents as recommended first‐line treatment for PC, the therapeutic efficacy is largely limited by unwanted drug resistance. Recent studies have identified exosomes as essential mediators of intercellular communications during the occurrence of drug resistance. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms and complex signaling pathways of exosome‐mediated drug resistance will contribute to the improvement of the design of new oncologic therapy regimens. This review focuses on the intrinsic connections between the chemoresistance of PC cells and exosomes in the tumor microenvironment (TME).
Effect of freeze‐thaw cycles at different temperatures on the properties of gluten proteins in unfermented dough
Authors: Dai Yunfei , Gao Haiyan , Tian Xiaoling , Huang Keqiang , Liu Yufen , Zeng Jie , Wang Mengyu , Qin Yueqi
Published: May 2022

Background and Objectives

The present study investigated the effects of different freezing temperatures and different freeze‐thaw cycles on the physical, chemical, functional, and structural properties of gluten protein. The water‐holding capacity, rheological properties, water distribution, microstructure, and secondary structure were measured.

Findings

With the same number of freeze‐thaw cycles, the water‐holding capacity of gluten was higher at low temperature, and the viscoelasticity and binding water content increased slightly with decreasing temperature. At −30°C and −24°C, the microstructure of gluten protein was more uniform and relatively intact. Lower temperatures significantly decreased the ratio of α‐helix and β‐turns and significantly increased the ratio of β‐sheets. At the same temperature, the water‐holding capacity, bound water content, and viscoelasticity of the freeze‐thaw cycle gradually decreased with the increase in the number of freeze‐thaw cycles. Compared to the first freeze‐thaw cycle (F1), the holes in the microstructure of gluten in the fifth freeze‐thaw cycle (F5) were larger and fractured.

Conclusions

Increasing the number of freeze‐thaw cycles damaged the properties of gluten protein, and lower temperatures were more conducive to maintaining the stability of gluten properties.

Significance and Novelty

This study revealed the changes in gluten protein quality during storage at −6°C, −12°C, −18°C, −24°C, and −30°C and different numbers of freeze‐thaw cycles. The results provide a theoretical basis for the quality management and control of frozen dough during storage and transportation.
Long‐segment restrictive tear of radial artery under ultrasound guide for arteriovenous fistula by PTA: A case report
Authors: Xie Jing , Zhu Jiang‐tao , Mao Nan , Ren Si‐chong , Fan Jun‐ming
Published: May 2022

Considerable calcification and stenosis frequently occur in the radial artery (RA) in diabetic nephropathy. PTA was performed successfully using a balloon to expand and restrictively tear the longitudinal axis of the RA. This approach seems to be a useful measure of promoting the maturation of AVF in diabetic nephropathy.
Energy‐Dissipative and Soften Resistant Hydrogels Based on Chitosan Physical Network: From Construction to Application
Authors: Yang Yanyu , Wu Decheng
Published: May 2022

Comprehensive Summary

In spite of biological tissue‐like peculiarity, multifarious functionalities and great application prospect, the low mechanics and soften behavior of hydrogels still retain a problem to be addressed for repetitive weight‐bearing fields of flexible electronics, actuators, substitutions of soft tissues, wound dressing, wearable or implantable devices. Due to the distinct combination of diversity, reversibility and impressive disruption‐reconstruction capacity, the chitosan physical cross‐links can server as recoverable “sacrificial bonds” to construct multifarious energy‐dissipative and anti‐soften hydrogels and further broaden their diversified applications. In this review, we summarized the gelation mechanisms of chitosan physical networks and highlighted the chitosan physical network based hydrogels in rational design, construction principle, and structure and performance regulation. The recent progress in functional hydrogels for flexible electronics and biomaterials was systematically discussed. Overall, the review will provide comprehensive guidelines on the design principle, performance modulation and functionality construction of energy‐dissipative and soften resistant hydrogels.
Design, Synthesis and Application of Multifunctional Chiral Aminophosphine Catalyst for Asymmetric Intermolecular Cross Rauhut‐Currier Reaction
Authors: Dong Wu‐Wei , Tian Kui , Dong Xiu‐Qin , Wang Chun‐Jiang
Published: May 2022

Comprehensive Summary

A series of structurally novel multifunctional chiral aminophosphine catalysts were developed through a concise synthetic strategy from easily available starting materials. The highly enantioselective intermolecular cross Rauhut‐Currier reactions of vinyl ketones with 3‐acyl acrylates and 2‐ene‐1,4‐diones catalyzed by (S,S)‐5a were well realized, generating a wide range of the structurally important chiral multicarbonyl products in good to excellent yields with high stereocontrol (up to 97% yield, 99% ee). In addition, a series of 31P NMR experiments were carried out to further investigate the catalytic process.