bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolic surgery improves the unbalanced proportion of peripheral blood myeloid dendritic cells and T lymphocytes in obese patients
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Chen Xi , Liu Wei , Zhang Chunlan , Xiang Yufei , Liu Shiping , Zhou Zhiguang
Published: September 2021

Background

Obesity is associated with impaired immune function and chronic low-grade inflammation. Metabolic surgery is one of the most effective therapies for treating obesity and related metabolic disorders. We aimed to explore the pathophysiological roles of peripheral dendritic cells (DCs) and T lymphocytes in metabolic surgery.

Method

In this observational cohort study, a total of 106 individuals, including obese participants with or without T2DM, overweight subjects and normal controls, were recruited. All obese participants underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy surgery and returned for the evaluation of the clinical indicators after surgery. We evaluated the frequencies of circulating DCs subsets (myeloid (mDCs) and plasmacytoid (pDCs)), the pro-inflammatory (Th1 and Th17) and anti-inflammatory (Th2 and Treg) T cell subsets by flow cytometry.

Results

Compared with normal controls, the frequencies of mDCs, Th1 and Th17 cells increased, while Treg and Th2 cells decreased in the obese participants. The frequency of mDCs and Th1 cells consistently declined after surgery compared with baseline in the obese patients and were restored to the levels observed in the normal controls after surgery. Moreover, the frequency of Treg cells was increased at 6 months after surgery in the obese patients with T2DM, and Th17 cells declined at 6 months after surgery in the severely obese patients without T2DM.

Conclusion

This study indicates that metabolic surgery can effectively improve imbalanced immune cells in peripheral blood and restore the proportion of immune cells to a normal range during a 12-month follow-up.
Борис Федорович Єгоров (1926–2020)
Authors: Козлик Ігор
Published: September 2021

3 жовтня 2020 року на 95-му році життя помер видатний російський філолог-літературознавець Борис Федорович Єгоров – знаний фахівець з історії російської літератури, критики та суспільної думки ХІХ ст., з історії східнослов’янського літературознавства другої половини ХХ ст., мемуарист, доктор філологічних наук, професор, Почесний професор Саратовського університету, член Спілки письменників СРСР (з 1982 р.), Спілки письменників Санкт-Петербурга (з 1992) і Всесвітньої асоціації письменників Міжнародний ПЕН-клуб (з 2003).
Про метамову гуманітарної наукової думки
Authors: Вахрушев Володимир , Козлик Ігор
Published: September 2021

У статті на основі поширення теорії гри на пізнання феномена художнього тексту та залученнядосвіду розвитку філософської думки 2-ї половини ХХ ст. висвітлено проблему метамови гуманітарноїнауки.
Temporal variation of wind speed and wind direction and interrelationship between air temperature and wind speed for different climatic seasons Northern State, Sudan
Authors: Alzubair Mohammed Ahmed Haj , Abdelwahab Motasim Hyder
Published: September 2021

The research aims to study the temporal variability of wind speed and direction and their correlation with air temperature in different climatic seasons in Northern State, to produce broad data base on winds variability and interrelationship between air temperature and wind speed for different climatic seasons. Mean monthly and daily climatic data dating back to 2001(first season) and 2011(second season) were obtained from Karima meteorological station representing three different climatic seasons namely: April for summer, August for autumn and December for winter. Data were subjected to simple regression analysis, statistical analysis and computations were done by “Excel 2000”. The results showed that the wind speed varied widely during each month and day even within the same climatic season. In two seasons, the diurnal variation for different climatic seasons Apr., Aug. and Dec. was much lower than the monthly; due to the higher monthly variability of wind speed. The results also revealed that the prevailing direction of winds was generally northwards. The results of April in the first season are presented as an example; the mean daily wind speed (Va) ranged from 0.6 to 17m/s, with a mean of 7.2m/s, a STD of 4.3 and a CV of 60%. The daily mean data ranged from 5.4 (3hrs) to 8.2 (24hrs), with a mean of 7.2m/s, a STD of 1.1 and a CV of 15.3%.The prevailing wind direction decreases in the following order: N>NE=NNE>NNW. The monthly variability of the air temperature in the two seasons decreased in the following order: winter> summer> autumn. Significant, inversely proportional and cubic wind speed-temperature correlations in the two seasons for Aug. and Dec. were (P<0.05, r=0.362); (P<0.01, r= 0.488); (P<0.001, R=585) and (P<0.001, r= 0.679), respectively.
Missed opportunities of poor implementation of prevention with positives among HIV-positive women on treatment in Ekiti State, Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Ade-Ojo Idowu Pius , Okunola Temitope Omoladun , Temiloluwa Oso Olufunke
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The current prevalence of HIV particularly in Nigeria does not reflect global efforts at curtailing the pandemic. One of the drivers increasing the rate of a new infection is the transmission of HIV by people already living with the virus. Scaling up prevention interventions and strategies will reverse this unwarranted trend. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out among women living with HIV (WLHIV) receiving care at the Adult Antiretroviral Clinic (ART) of the Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti between February and April 2021. Results: One hundred and forty-eight eligible WLHIV participated and completed the study. The majority of the participants were married (74.3%), in a monogamous family setting (68.9%), within the reproductive age group (91.8%), and were Christians (75.7%). Only 5.4% earned all the components of prevention interventions and strategies for people living with HIV (PwP) leaving a wide gap of 94.6% missed opportunities. Conclusion: The findings that WLHIV in this study are well literate about HIV risk transmission and prevention strategies and are adherent to their HAART medications did not translate to the adequate observance of prevention interventions and strategies. Scaling up prevention with positive programs (PwP) is urgently needed to prevent the further surge in the rate of new infections.
Neutron investigation of interaction between anionic surfactant micelles and poly (ethylene glycol) polymer brush system
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Artykulnyi O.P. , Avdeev M.M. , Kosiachkin Ye.M. , Petrenko V.I. , Safarik I. , Bulavin L.A. ,   Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia,   Institute for Scintillation Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine,   Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain,   Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain,   Department of Nanobiotechnology, Biology Centre, ISB, CAS, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
Published: September 2021

A polymer brush system of a neutral polymer poly (ethylene glycol) with a molecular weight of Mw = 20 kDa on silicon substrates in an aqueous medium was studied by the specular neutron reflectometry. Structural changes in the density profile of a polymer brush caused by the interaction of polymer chains with micelles of the anionic surfactant dodecylbenzenesulfonate acid were observed. The effect is shown to be related to the formation of molecular polymer-micelle associates in the bulk of the solution, which was previously studied by small-angle neutron scattering in a wide range of surfactant concentrations at various molecular weights of the polymer. The density of the dry polymer layer on the silicon substrate was additionally characterized by X-ray reflectometry and scanning atomic force microscopy.
The necessity of implementation of medical physicists’ certification in Ukraine
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Aslamova L.I. , Kulich Ie.V. , Shmyhliuk L.V.
Published: September 2021

Medical physics is a dynamic and constantly growing field of applied physics mainly directed towards the applications of physics principles to health care. Among the technological novations there is the optimization of image quality for magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound diagnostics, and computer tomography; development and use of high energy linear accelerators with sophisticated options for dose delivery; computerized treatment planning systems, record and verification systems; overall integration of computers into the routine clinical work. The key role of the medical physicist is widely recognized to ensure the safe and effective use of modern equipment for medical exposure. Medical physicists are involved in four basic activities: clinical service, research, and development, teaching, and management/administration. In addition, they should be familiar with the safety culture and promote this principle among the medical staff for the improvement of radiation safety, setting an example by their behaviour. There is no the best practice for the certification of medical physicists in international experience. The paper presents an attempt to analyse international standards and propose recommendations for the implementation of medical physicist’ certification in Ukraine. According to the authors, this will strongly influence on nation’s health.
Physical properties of raspberry and orange flavoured fruit syrups
Authors: Lambert-Meretei Anikó , Vozary Eszter , Kaszab Timea
Published: September 2021

In the case of fruit syrups, consumers prefer thicker, deep-coloured ones because they remind them of good old homemade ones. Physical properties – as viscosity, colour, refractive index, soluble solid content (SSC), and electrical impedance - of fruit syrups flavoured with raspberry or orange juice were determined. The change of the measured physical properties was determined in three different experiments: 1. evaluating the effect of sugar and sweetener content 2. evaluating the effect of fruit juice composition and 3. evaluating the effect of sugar content on syrups containing raspberry or orange juice only. Variations in fruit and sugar content had a definite effect on the physical properties of squashes. Viscosity, SSC value, refractive index, and impedance magnitude increased with increasing sugar content and decreased with replacement of sugar with sweeteners although colour characteristics were defined mostly by the colorant added to the squash. Changes in the fruit composition of syrups could influence viscosity, refractive index, and SSC values but the magnitude of impedance showed little changes for all samples. The characteristics of squashes containing only raspberry or orange juice and different sugar content did not follow any trends, which emphasized that additives had a significant effect on the physical properties.
Sclerosing vulva lichen: a modern overview of the clinical symptoms,diagnostics and treatment methods (Analytical survey and actual expertise)
Authors:   SI «Institute of pediatrics, obstetrics and ginecology named academic Elena. M. Lukyanova NAMS of Ukraine», Tatarchuk T.F. , Protsenko T.V. ,   Donetsk national medical University M. Gorky, Dunaevskaya V.V. ,   SI «Institute of pediatrics, obstetrics and ginecology named academic Elena. M. Lukyanova NAMS of Ukraine», Tzerkovsky D.O. ,   RNPC OMR NN Alexandrova, Republic of Belarus, Kosei N.V. ,   SSU «Center for Innovative Medical Technologies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine», Kyiv
Published: September 2021

Sclerosing lichen is one of the most common pathophysiological conditions observed in the peri-and postmenopausal periods. This problem is relevant because the clinical symptoms of the disease associated with atrophy (dryness, itching in the vagina and vulva, dyspareunia, dysuria) occur in more than 40% of patients aged over 50 years old. Nowadays the problem of maintaining health and preventing diseases caused by aging has become a central one. An in-depth analysis and systematization of key issues related to the precancerous pathology of the vulva have been conducted in this article. The first part of the publication covers main issues of epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis and modern classification of sclerotic lichen, the second part presents the main aspects of the clinical picture, differential diagnosis and methods of disease diagnosis. The most effective and relevant treatments are under consideration in the third part of the article. Particular emphasis is made on the use of destructive techniques based on the use of laser technology and other approaches based on the use of physical factors (laser therapy, laser coagulation, cryodestruction). An important role among them is played by such an option as photodynamic therapy – a method of treatment based on the combined use of special substances (photosensitizers) and laser radiation with a certain wavelength. The authors report that only a comprehensive approach in this pathology treatment is the key to success in combating the main symptoms of the disease, and such an approach is a solution to the issue of effective prevention of vulvar cancer. The detailed information presented in the article is relevant, it can be extremely important for gynecologists, as well as professionals involved in solving problems related to sclerotic lichen. Keywords: sclerosing lichen, vulva, low-frequency ultrasound cavitation, photodynamic therapy.
Reliable and questionable diagnostic criteria for early0onset sepsis
Authors:   Danylo Halytsky National Medical University of Lviv, Ukraine, Kiselyova M.M. , Potsiurko O.V. ,   Danylo Halytsky National Medical University of Lviv, Ukraine, Komar A.V. ,   Danylo Halytsky National Medical University of Lviv, Ukraine, Kamut N.V. ,   Danylo Halytsky National Medical University of Lviv, Ukraine
Published: September 2021

Neonatal sepsis is a significant cause of mortality among newborns, especially in low and middle income countries with poor economic development. It is important to start the appropriate treatment as soon as possible, as this prevents most deaths from sepsis and reduces the occurrence of residual neurological lesions due to septic meningitis. The article provides an overview of modern literature data on the principles of diagnosis of early neonatal sepsis; mentions the main etiological factors and ways of infection by potential pathogens. Diagnostic criteria for early neonatal sepsis have been analyzed and have been classified as doubt-ful or credible. An important role is given to the assessment of potential risk factors for the development of the septic process, including data on history of pregnancy and childbirth, clinical and laboratory indicators of the baby after birth. The nonspecificity of most clinical signs of sepsis and their comparison with clinical manifestations in meningitis was carried out. The importance of the bacteriological method of detecting the pathogen in the blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid was analyzed, which remains the «gold» standard diagnosis of neonatal sepsis, and the method of multiplex polymerase chain reaction. There is a need to detect sepsis through visual examination, such as chest radiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and ltrasonography of the head. The diagnostic value of indicators is described with the complete blood cell count and differential, including some of its components, and markers of inflammatory process, especially the immature-to-total (I/T) neutrophil ratio, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin. The article mentions a method of determining the concentration of immunoglobulin M in the serum, the elevated level of which indicates intrauterine infection. The diagnostic value of glutathione is considered, which is a marker of the functioning of the immune system. Emphasis is placed on the expediency of using Kaiser Permanente calculator to detect signs of sepsis in the first days of a newborn's life and the choice of optimal tactics management in such patients. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: sepsis, newborn, diagnosis of infection, neonatal.
Language as Symbolic Power Claire Kramsch (2020)
Authors: Sherris Ari
Published: September 2021

Language as Symbolic Power Claire Kramsch (2020) Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 9781108798891 (paperback). Pp. 279
Language Endangerment David Bradley and Maya Bradley (2019)
Authors: Agyeman Nana Ama
Published: September 2021

Language Endangerment David Bradley and Maya Bradley (2019) Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 9781107041134 (hardcover) ISBN: 9781107641709(paperback). Pp. 285
Conceptualizing MATURITY in the Mfantse dialect of Akan
Authors: Dawson-Ahmoah Grace Nana Aba , Wonkyi Patrick Nana
Published: September 2021

This paper investigates metonymic expressions that express MATURITY in the Mfantse dialect of Akan. Studies in English and Akan have demonstrated that, through metonym (and metaphor), concrete concepts and experiential realities like the heartbeat, redness of the eyes, and hotness of the skin serve as grounding for the conception of abstract concepts like fear, joy, sadness, and anger (Kövecses, 1986, 1990, 1991; Agyekum, 2018). This study analyzes the features that qualify a subject for maturity among the Mfantse people which is an understudied topic. Similar to the conception of emotions, concrete concepts, as well as experiential realities, are used to express the mature state of an entity. Thus, expressions of maturity encode cognitive underpinnings that reflect the experience, culture, and the environment of the speakers of the language. The study uses a qualitative design. Fifteen Akan speakers were purposively selected for this study. We used semi-structured interviews to collect data. Findings indicate that concrete concepts, as well as experiential realities like CHANGE-OF-STATE and CROP FLORESCENCE, serve as grounding to mark the maturity of a subject. The effect of maturity is used as the vehicle to access the subject of maturity. It was concluded that, according to the Mfantse people, maturity is an innate trait that is marked by signs, transition, deeds, and relationships. This study collects, indexes, catalogues, and describes metonymic expressions of maturity, and opens up an opportunity to probe further into the role of difference in the sociolinguistic real-time use of these everyday metonyms (and metaphors) as well as the dynamism of metonymy in everyday use of the Mfantse people.
Changes in physicochemical characteristics, polyphenolics, and amino acids of wax apple cider vinegar during prolonged storage
Authors: Lekjing Somwang , Venkatachalam Karthikeyan
Published: September 2021

Several quality attributes of wax apple cider vinegar (WACV) were determined every 30 days for six months at ambient temperature. Acetic acid fermentation significantly increased the acetic acid content in WACV. The light-ness and yellowness gradually decreased, whereas redness increased during storage. Density, viscosity, and pH of WACV continuously retarded, and total acidity, volatile acidity, electrical conductivity, and total nitrogen content increased during storage. Phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant potentials of WACV were affected by storage. Various amino acids and volatile compounds were observed in WACV during storage. Throughout the storage period, the microbial growth in WACV was considerably low.
Histological Tracking into the Third Dimension
Authors: Mubarak Mayyan , Al Gharaibeh Nayef , Sommaruga Samuel , Li Jie , Vortmeyer Alexander
Published: September 2021

Using a novel three-dimensional (3D) approach, we tracked histological changes to elucidate the earliest stages of renal clear cell neoplasia in normal kidney tissue of patients with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. Tissue blocks of interest were procured, serially sectioned, and 3D reconstruction of the entirety of pathologic events was performed. The results reveal an abundance of foci with aberrant clear cell proliferation that initially develop along the tubular lining, but have the potential to aggregate within individual tubules. This stage is followed by the extension of clear cell aggregates beyond the tubular basement membrane, which allows for the recruitment of angiogenesis derived from interstitial vasculature. The results suggest that the most frequent pathologic event in VHL kidneys is the presence of isolated or aggregated clear cells within the tubular epithelium, potentially developing further into a protracted process of neoplasia. The abundance of independent pathologic events in VHL kidneys confirms developmental mechanisms to precede tumor initiation. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that tracking of histologic changes in the 3rd dimension enables the confirmation of the sequence of events from the earliest pathologic change in the VHL kidney to the neoplastic stage. This approach is not only useful for visualization and quantification of pathologic changes but also for targeted sampling allowing selective analysis of the earliest stages of clear cell carcinogenesis.
Comparison of Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy with Mini-Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for Removal of Renal Stones in Adults
Authors: Alam Khan Asif , Malkani Inam , Jameel Khattak Junaid , Mumtaz Hassan , Mazhar Mubashir , Naz Falak , Riaz Arsalan
Published: September 2021

Renal stones are the third most common problem affecting about 10% of global population. The management of nephrolithiasis has undergone a complete transformation since the 1980s. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) has established itself an effective and safe technique that delivers high stone-free rate as well as overall shorter treatment time. We aim to compare the outcome of mini-PCNL with standard-PCNL in patients presenting with renal stones. In all, 90 patients fulfilled the selection criteria and randomized into two groups. Group A underwent mini-PCNL whereas Group B underwent standard-PCNL. Pre-operative hemoglobin level was recorded. Duration of procedure as well as drop in hemoglobin level was also recorded. A kidney, ureter, and bladder (KUB) X-ray was performed to confirm the presence of of stone and stone-free status. The mean age of patients in mini-PCNL group was 43.11 years and in standard-PCNL group, it was 36.91 years. The mean stone size in patients of mini-PCNL group was 29.53 mm and 31.58 mm in standard-PCNL group. The mean duration of renal stone in mini-PCNL group was 1.91 years and that in standard-PCNL group 1.80 years. The mean operative time in mini-PCNL group was 59.56 min and 61.22 min in standard-PCNL group. The mean fall in hemoglobin in mini-PCNL group was 0.38 g/dL and that in standard-PCNL group 0.51 g/dL. In mini-PCNL group, stone clearance was observed in 42 (93.3%) patients, while in standard-PCNL group, it was observed in 45 (100%) patients. This difference was insignificant (P > 0.05). Mini-PCNL and standard-PCNL have no significant differences in terms of outcome, operative time, and stone clearance, although fall in hemoglobin level was less in mini-PCNL group, which showed less blood loss in this group, thereby making it a more appropriate method for renal stone removal.
Plan de cuidados de enfermería para la prevención de úlceras por presión secundarias a la posición prono en pacientes COVID-19
Authors:   Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, Rojas Lyda Zoraya , Mora Rico Liliana Andrea , Acosta Barón Jennifer Vanesa , Cristancho Zambrano Luisa Yaneth , Valencia Barón Yurley Dayanna , Hernández Vargas Juliana Alexandra
Published: September 2021

Introducción: La posición prono (PP) es una alternativa terapéutica ampliamente recomendada e implementada en los pacientes con COVID-19. Sin embargo, aunque es un procedimiento no invasivo, es complejo y se asocia con eventos adversos como las úlceras por presión (UPP). Nuestro objetivo es proponer un plan de cuidados de enfermería basado en el lenguaje estandarizado NANDA-I, NIC, NOC para la prevención de las UPP secundarias a la PP en la enfermedad de COVID-19. Síntesis del contenido: En los pacientes con COVID-19, además de factores de riesgo propios del paciente como la edad avanzada y la presencia de comorbilidades, la PP contribuye a la presencia de los diagnósticos de enfermería de riesgo de úlcera por presión [00249], de deterioro de la integridad cutánea [00047] y tisular [00248]. Por su parte, la intervención de enfermería prevención de úlceras por presión [3540], es clave para minimizar el desarrollo de esta complicación, mejorar la calidad de la atención y el pronóstico en este tipo de pacientes. Finalmente, para determinar la efectividad del cuidado de enfermería se proponen los resultados NOC consecuencias de la inmovilidad: fisiológicas [0204] e integridad tisular: piel y membranas mucosas [1101]. Conclusión: La PP es una terapia coadyuvante recomendada para el manejo de los pacientes con COVID-19 críticamente enfermos, debido a que optimiza la función pulmonar, sin embargo está asociada a eventos adversos como las UPP. Este artículo presenta recomendaciones basadas en una revisión narrativa para facilitar la implementación de cuidados de enfermería preventivos que reduzcan su frecuencia en esta población.
Cheilanthes ecuadorensis: A New Species of Cheilanthes s. s. (Pteridaceae) from Northern South America
Authors: Sosa Karla , Pryer Kathleen M. , Huiet Layne , Yatskievych George , Windham Michael D.
Published: September 2021

Abstract— Ongoing research on the taxonomically complex genus Cheilanthes (Pteridaceae; Cheilanthoideae) has resulted in the identification of a new species from Loja Province in Ecuador, Cheilanthes ecuadorensis, described and illustrated herein.
Originally collected in 1988 and identified as C. cf. rufopunctata, C. ecuadorensis is clearly distinct from that species in having pubescent adaxial blade surfaces and narrow, poorly-differentiated false indusia (rather than the glabrous adaxial surfaces and wide false indusia
of C. rufopunctata). Among the South American species currently included in Cheilanthes, C. ecuadorensis is superficially most similar to C. pilosa. However, our molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate that C. ecuadorensis is sister to C. micropteris, the
morphologically disparate generitype of Cheilanthes. Here we examine the phylogenetic relationships, morphology, cytogenetics, and geography of these four South American Cheilanthes species in a study that, once again, highlights the importance of herbaria in the process of new
species discovery.
Galianthe holmneielsenii (Spermacoceae-Rubiaceae): A New Rheophilous Species from the Pacific Coast of Colombia and Ecuador
Authors: Florentín Javier E. , Florentin Mariela Nuñez , Salas Roberto M.
Published: September 2021

Abstract— A new species of Galianthe from the west coast of Colombia and Ecuador that has fruits with indehiscent mericarps is described and illustrated. Galianthe holmneielsenii is most similar to Borreria ocymifolia and G. spicata,
but differs in floral, fruit, and seed traits. An illustration of the diagnostic characters, a distribution map, information about the conservation status of the new species, and a key to the Galianthe species in Colombia and Ecuador are provided.
Senna pluribracteata (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae), a New Species from Paraíba State, Brazil, with Notes on Leaf Anatomy
Authors: Souto Flávio Sousa , Queiroz Rubens Teixeira de , Agra Maria de Fátima
Published: September 2021

Abstract— A new species of the genus Senna from the Atlantic Forest of Paraíba State, Brazil, is described and illustrated based on a field collection, traditional taxonomic methodologies, and the analysis of Senna collections at RB and the main
herbaria in northeastern Brazil. Morphologically, Senna pluribracteata is related to a group of four species of Senna sect. Chamaefistula ser. Bacillares: S. macranthera, S. pinheiroi, S. rizzinii, and S. rugosa, although S. pluribracteata
has a set of distinctive anatomical characters that differentiate it: two extrafloral nectaries between leaflets in the rachis; large and conspicuous elliptic bracts 7.0‐9.0 mm long along the inflorescence peduncle; the epidermis on the abaxial surface is conspicuously and compactly
papillose; the rounded leaflet margins have palisade parenchyma near the apex; the mesophyll is dorsiventral with a single layer of palisade parenchyma, with isodiametric cells occupying approximately 60% of that structure; the petiole has a somewhat pentagonal shape and is planar adaxially;
the rachis is obdeltoid and planar adaxially. Morphological and leaf anatomical descriptions, and a key to identifying the seven species of Senna ser. Bacillares found in Paraíba State are provided. The morphological and anatomical affinities of S. pluribracteata
and its allied taxa are discussed.
Monograph and Molecular Phylogeny of the Mexican Endemic Lasiocarpus (Malpighiaceae) Reveal a New Species for Southern Mexico
Authors: Cardona-Cruz Luis Manuel , Carrillo-Reyes Pablo , Sosa Victoria
Published: September 2021

Abstract— Lasiocarpus is a genus of bisexual, dioecious, or trioecious shrubs or small trees of Malpighiaceae endemic to the seasonally dry tropical forests of the Pacific slopes of Mexico. In this paper the monophyly of this genus is tested using a molecular
phylogeny based on three plastid (ndhF, matK, rbcL) and a single nuclear (PHYC) markers that were newly sequenced for the three currently accepted species in this genus, along with representative taxa from the main phylogenetic groups previously recognized in Malpighiaceae.
The three species of Lasiocarpus were retrieved in a well supported clade corroborating the monophyly of this genus. A taxonomic treatment of this genus is presented. Lasiocarpus ovalifolius is synonymized with L. salicifolius, and a new species, Lasiocarpus andersoniorum,
endemic to Southern Mexico, is proposed. It is morphologically distinguished by characters such as axillary inflorescences, reflexed sepals, petals with crenate margin and strigose indumentum, large styles, and 2-lobed stigmas. The taxonomic revision includes morphological descriptions and
distribution maps for the three accepted species of Lasiocarpus.
Gonolobus espejoi (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae), A New Species from Veracruz, Mexico
Authors: Hernández-Barón Gerald Matus , Hernández-Barón Lizetth Jimena , López-Ferrari Ana Rosa
Published: September 2021

Abstract— Gonolobus espejoi, a new species from Veracruz, Mexico, is described and illustrated. The new taxon shares characteristics with G. albiflorus and G. spiranthus such as the presence of a stipitate gynostegium, but differs from these
species by having campanulate corolla, corolla lobes with two lateral purple calluses with the right margin ciliate, oblong-spatulate anther appendages, and a cotyliform style apex. A comparative table and a distribution map of the new taxon and the morphologically similar species is provided.
Parallelism in Endocarp Form Sheds Light on Fruit Syndrome Evolution in Viburnum
Authors: Clement Wendy L. , Stammer Theodore J. , Goble Amanda , Gallagher Patrick , Donoghue Michael J.
Published: September 2021

Abstract— All Viburnum species produce drupes with a hardened endocarp surrounding a single seed. Endocarp form varies greatly within Viburnum, and differences in shape have long been used to distinguish major subclades. Here we trace the evolution of
Viburnum endocarp shape using morphometric analyses and phylogenies for 115 Viburnum species. Endocarp measurements were obtained from fruits sampled from herbarium specimens and from field collections, and shapes were analyzed using elliptical Fourier analysis. We infer that
the first viburnums had flattened and grooved endocarps. Subsequently, there were multiple losses of grooving in conjunction with shifts to both highly flattened and nearly round endocarps. In several clades the parallel evolution of a derived endocarp shape was accompanied by changes in a
suite of other fruit traits, yielding distinctive fruit syndromes likely related to bird dispersal. However, in other clades endocarp shapes similar to the ancestral form have been retained while other fruit traits (color, amount of flesh, nutritional content) have diverged. We quantify cases
of parallel evolution in endocarp shape that cut across recognized fruit syndromes such as red, carbohydrate-rich fruits with flattened endocarps or blue, lipid-rich fruits with round endocarps. Our analyses now invite studies of function and the selective factors that have yielded the distinctive
suites of fruit and seed traits that distinguish the major Viburnum lineages.
Alophia graniticola (Tigridieae, Iridaceae): A New Species from the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Gil André dos Santos Bragança , Schneider Layla Jamylle Costa , Hall Climbiê Ferreira
Published: September 2021

Abstract— A new species of Alophia (Tigridieae, Iridaceae), only known from the Brazilian Amazon, is here described and illustrated. Alophia graniticola was found growing over granite outcrops in the Serra dos Carajás mountain range, Pará
state, Northern Brazil, inside or at the edges of dry deciduous forests. This is the third native species of Alophia registered in Brazil, differing from the other species of the genus by the anthers with an incurved apex, an unprecedented feature in the genus. An identification key
for all Alophia species is also provided.
Systematics of the Giant Sedges of Carex Sect. Rhynchocystis (Cyperaceae) in Macaronesia with Description of Two New Species
Authors: Míguez Mónica , Jiménez-Mejías Pedro , Benítez-Benítez Carmen , Schaefer Hanno , Martín-Bravo Santiago
Published: September 2021

Abstract— Populations of Carex sect. Rhynchocystis (Cyperaceae) from the Macaronesian archipelagos (Azores and Madeira) have traditionally been treated either as a variety of the widely distributed Western Palearctic C. pendula, or directly synonymized
under it. However, recent phylogenetic studies have shown that Azorean populations of C. pendula display a certain degree of differentiation from mainland plants, while the phylogenetic relationships of Madeiran populations remain unclear. Here we perform an integrated systematic study
focused on the Macaronesian populations of Carex sect. Rhynchocystis to elucidate their phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic status. We reconstructed a molecular phylogeny based on five DNA regions and conducted a multivariate morphological analysis. Divergence time estimates
show that the Macaronesian populations can be traced back to a Plio-Pleistocene origin. Our results suggest that these island populations of C. pendula are better treated as two distinct species within Carex sect. Rhynchocystis (i.e. C. leviosa from the Azores
and C. sequeirae from Madeira). We provide morphological characters to differentiate the new species from C. pendula s. s., detailed descriptions of the three taxa, a revised key for the entire section, as well as detailed analytical drawings of the two newly described
species. We also perform a critical evaluation of the taxonomic diversity of Carex in the Azores and Madeira. Finally, we informally assessed the conservation status of the new species at a global scale under IUCN categories and criteria, resulting in the proposal of the categories
Least Concern for C. leviosa and Critically Endangered for C. sequeirae.
Morphometrics and Redescription of Aphyllon fasciculatum and Aphyllon franciscanum, Two Widespread but Previously Conflated Species in Western North America
Authors: Schneider Adam C. , Benton Ben E.
Published: September 2021

Abstract— We continue the taxonomic reevaluation of Aphyllon sect. Aphyllon by describing a widespread species throughout western North America previously recognized within a polyphyletic A. fasciculatum. To support our description and revised key,
we analyzed fifteen continuous and discrete characters sampled from 186 herbarium specimens and iNaturalist observations representing the geographic and host ranges. Principal component and multiple correspondence analyses reveal clear variation in floral characters. Discriminant analyses
show that three aspects of floral color, corolla lobe tip shape, the calyx cup to calyx lobe ratio, calyx lobe length, and degree of bend in the corolla tube are useful distinguishing features, but not diagnostic in every case.
Persea psammophila(Lauraceae), a New Species from Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Moraes Pedro Luís Rodrigues de , Trinca Mayra Deltreggia
Published: September 2021

Abstract—Persea psammophila, a new species of Lauraceae collected near the border between the states of Bahia, municipality of Maiquinique, and Minas Gerais, municipality of Jordânia, Brazil, is described and illustrated. The new species belongs toPerseasubg.Eriodaphne. It is distinguished from other NeotropicalPerseaspecies by the treelet habit in combination with sparsely pubescent twigs, elliptic to mainly obovate leaves, adaxially glabrous, abaxially sparsely pubescent and papillose, sparsely pubescent inflorescences, pubescent, relatively small flowers, and floral parts smaller than congeneric species in the Atlantic rainforest. Its putative relationships within the genus are discussed. Illustrations and comments on micromorphological and anatomical features of leaves of this new species are provided, comparing them to those of congeners.
Pectis loiolae (Asteraceae: Tageteae): New Species Registered in a Natural Monument at an Archaeological Site in Northeast Brazil
Authors: Rebouças Natanael Costa , Sampaio Valéria da Silva , Bünger Mariana de Oliveira , Roque Nádia
Published: September 2021

Abstract— Pectis comprises about 90 species distributed in North America, Mexico, the Caribbean, South and Central America, and the Pacific Islands. In Brazil, the genus is represented by 14 species that mainly occur in the Cerrado and five species that are endemic
to the Caatinga domain. During field expeditions to the Lajedo de Soledade archaeological site, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, a new species of Pectis was found on rocky outcrops (lajedos) in the Caatinga. Pectis loiolae sp. nov. grows on limestone rocks
in sedimentary substrate and is recognized by its prostrate habit with ascending branches terminating in a solitary capitulum, apex of the involucral bracts rounded, apiculate, and green becoming vinaceous in the apical 1/3, corolla of ray flowers (5) with abaxial surface vinaceous and adaxial
white, disk flowers 8‐10, and presence of stylopodium in the disk flowers. A morphological description, illustration, distribution map, habitat, conservation status, and a key for all Brazilian Pectis species are presented herein.
Clusia nascimentojuniorii: A New Species of sect. Phloianthera from the Amazon (Brazil)
Authors: Alencar Ana Cláudia , Bittrich Volker , Amaral Maria do Carmo E.
Published: September 2021

Abstract— A new species of Clusia (sect. Phloianthera) from the Amazon is described and illustrated. Species belonging to the sect. Phloianthera occur mainly in southeastern Brazil and Clusia nascimentojuniorii is the fourth species
of the section found and registered in the Amazon region. We provide here a table with the major differences between Clusia nascimentojuniorii and similar species in sect. Phloianthera, as well as an identification key for species from the Amazon, and a distribution map
for the new species.
Three New Species of Lychnocephalus (Asteraceae: Vernonieae) from the Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Gomes Francisca Maiara Batista , Loeuille Benoît
Published: September 2021

Abstract— Lychnocephalus cipoensis, L. grazielae, and L. jolyanus, three new species from the Cerrado of the Brazilian Central Plateau, are hereby described and illustrated. Lychnocephalus is characterized by its tomentose
to densely lanate branches, heads organized in third order syncephalia and inner pappus series with twisted setae and narrowed apex. These new species are microendemic in the campos rupestres of Serra do Cipó, state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, and were previously misidentified
as other species of the genus. However, they are distinguished by their habit, leaf arrangement, leaf shape and size, presence or absence of petiole, number of florets per head, and number of pappus series, among other characteristics discussed here. These new species are described and illustrated,
their affinities discussed, and a key to all species of Lychnocephalus is provided.
Effect of Lactic Acid Content into on during Miconazole Eye Drops to be Used for Infection Preventive
Authors: K Yoshimura , Y Inoue , A Koizumi , M Suzuki , S Itakura , H Todo , I Murata , I Kanamoto
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The aims of this study were to prepare a 0.1% Miconazole (MCZ) eye-drop solution and to evaluate the stability and physical properties of the preparation.
Ef﻿ficacy and Safety of Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Cancer in Real World: Meta-Analysis of Retrospective Observational Studies
Authors: B Cao , X Hu , M Chen , M Shen , L Xu
Published: September 2021

Background: Evidence on the safety and effectiveness of Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants (NOACs) in Atrial Fibrillation (AF) patients with cancer is rather limited, so we performed this meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of NOACs with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in real-world patients with AF and cancer.
Quality determinants based justification of the reasons for an inefficient system of the RF spatial development institution
Authors:   Perm State University, Bazueva Elena Valer’evna , Dubrovskaya Julia Vladimirovna ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University
Published: September 2021

The paper attempts to evaluate the basic quality determinants to substantiate the reasons for an inefficient system of spatial development institutions in the Russian Federation. To do this, institutional economic theory tools, hierarchical analysis, the postulates of systems theory are applied to propose and to characterize the following quality parameters of the spatial development institutions system: 1) objectivity which implies that the changes in the spatial development institutions system match the material conditions of the national economy performance; 2) the connections between the system’s elements, which determines the equilibrium in the development of direct and reverse, vertical and horizontal links in the system; 3) the coherence of the goals and functions of the system's elements, which preserves the consistence in the functional content for spatial development institutions at different hierarchical levels; 4) the degree of diversity, taking into account the degree of institutional conditions invariance in the regions under the national policy for spatial development; 5) efficiency as a multidimensional quality criterion for the spatial development institutions system. The spatial development institutions system has been found to be inefficient as regards all quality determinants in question: the system reproduces the Soviet spatial planning principles which restrain the focus on innovations in the national economy; reverse and horizontal connections ensuring the system’s integrity and adaptability, as well as the possibility to benefit from the regional economy specialization are not developed; the goals of formal and informal institutions at different levels of the hierarchy are not coordinated; the institutional differences and degrees of spatial development are ignored in the Russian Federation regional policy; the criteria of cost effectiveness and efficiency are not met. As a result, the current spatial development institutions system in the Russian Federation does not contribute into achieving the main objective for the territorial organization of the economy, which is to narrow the interregional gap between the level and quality of life by promoting and stimulating efficient interregional cooperation. The paper concludes that the identified quality determinants for the spatial development institutions system are likely to be a tool to set more precise strategic imperatives for the necessary changes in the system in Russia.
Regional issues of sustainable development of protected areas
Authors:   Perm State University, Buzmakov S.A.
Published: September 2021

Topical issues of sustainable development of protected areas of the region are considered, which include the problems of preserving natural heritage, monitoring protected areas, developing a natural park, forming forms of soil protection, ensuring the environmental safety of protected areas during hydrocarbon production. The current state of monitoring of the network of protected areas for the preservation of natural heritage is determined, the regional methodology for determining the degree of degradation of the natural environment is assessed. The level of development of the natural park in the context of sustainable development is revealed, which is recognized as insufficient. The issues of studying the soil cover for the formation of the Red Data Book of soils are highlighted. The widespread oil production is based on the principles of protected areas safety and rational subsoil use.
Problems and prospects of involving waste from polymetallic and iron ore processing in biological conservation
Authors:   Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Artamonova V.S. , Bortnikova S.B. ,   Trofimuk Institute of Petrolium Geology and Geophysics of the SB RAS, Chernyy N.K. ,   Trofimuk Institute of Petrolium Geology and Geophysics of the SB RAS
Published: September 2021

Ore enrichment waste is a fine material that poses a serious environmental problem. However, the high residual content of rare and precious metals, as well as valuable metalloids, determines the preservation of technogenic formations as secondary mineral raw materials. This dictates the search for environmentally safe conservation of waste before its subsequent development. This report focuses on reducing the phytotoxicity of waste and the use of bioagumentation - the introduction of exogenous plant matter and azotobacteria into the root layer, which contributes to the optimization of the mineral nutrition of phytoconservants. The article examines the physical and chemical parameters of polymetallic ore dressing waste before and after chemical reclamation, provides information on changes in the composition of watersoluble forms of metal elements (Fe, Mn, Al, Cu, Zn, Cd, Co, Ni), a decrease in the anionic content of the sulfate ion, and the appearance of hydrocarbonates. It is experimentally established that after chemical reclamation of spent slags, their viability for seedlings of oats and white mustard increases. After reclamation, there is an increase in their morphometric indicators. Mustard reacts especially positively to the decrease in acidity and mobility of metals. The dry weight of its seedlings increases-by almost 30% compared to the control. When mustard seeds are inoculated with a suspension of a live culture of the bacterium Azotobacter chroococcum, its roots elongate and their weight increases. It is shown that the growth of mustard roots is also activated on iron ore processing waste that is subject to forest reclamation. But in such conditions, vital azotobacteria exhibit a glow, especially intense in small sand fractions. Chemolumi-nescent reactions ensure the survival of azotobacteria in the development of free radical reactions caused by the residual content of magnetic iron and lignin in the habitat. The revealed features of the growth of oat and mustard seedlings, as well as azotobacteria on ore dressing waste, should be taken into account when developing technologies to increase the biogenicity of the waste surface in vivo, to argue for the use of bioagumentation in creating technologies for environmentally safe waste conservation without involving the fertile soil layer - an irreplaceable natural resource.