bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do People Perceive Alexa as Gendered? A Cross-Cultural Study of People’s Perceptions, Expectations, and Desires of Alexa
Authors: Fortunati Leopoldina , Edwards Autumn , Manganelli Anna , Edwards Chad , de Luca Federico
Published: December 2022

Mainly, the scholarly debate on Alexa has focused on sexist/anti-woman gender representations in the everyday life of many families, on a cluster of themes such as privacy, insecurity, and trust, and on the world of education and health. This paper takes another stance and explores via online survey methodology how university student respondents in two countries (the United States, n = 333; and Italy, n = 322) perceive Alexa’s image and gender, what they expect from this voice-based assistant, and how they would like Alexa to be. Results of a free association exercise showed that Alexa’s image was scarcely embodied or explicitly gendered. Rather, Alexa was associated with a distinct category of being—the VBA, virtual assistant, or digital helper—with which one talks, and which possesses praiseworthy technical and social traits. Expectations of Alexa and desires regarding Alexa’s ideal performance are presented and compared across the two country samples.
The Evolution of Gendered Software: Products, Scientific Reasoning, Criticism, and Tools
Authors: Kratel: Victoria
Published: December 2022

Over the past 7 decades, gendered software has become globally established. In this theoretical distribution, I outline the evolution of gendered software. The journey of gendered software started with the raw idea fueled by Alan Turing’s imitation game in the 1950s. And only shortly thereafter, in the 1960s and 1970s, the first gendered software products like Joseph Weizenbaum’s ELIZA were developed. Thus, academia took its time to not only explore technological aspects, but to further investigate the matter of gender in the 1990s CASA-paradigm (Nass et al., 1994) and Media Equation (Reeves & Nass, 1996). As these theories reasoned the social impact of gendered software, voice assistants of the 2010s provided to be real-world examples stirring criticism. By posing the question of “boy or girl” through the decades, I take a deeper look at aspects such as raison d’être, realization, consequences, and future possibilities that ultimately challenge the applied gender binary. In doing so, it becomes evident that gendered software is situated in the bigger context of gender inequalities. Therefore, I propose to consider the listing of (1) product name, (2) voice, and (3) personality traits as decisive features forming to be powerful tools in the process of gendering software.
«Signori, la festa è finita». Le ‘ultime’ opere di Maurizio Cattelan tra continuità e citazione
Authors: Zompa Giulia
Published: December 2022

This essay examines what Maurizio Cattelan achieved in the second part of his activity, starting from Maurizio Cattelan: All (the exhibition with which he had announced his retirement), up to the recent exhibitions Breath Ghosts Blind and YOU. Through a comparison with some artworks from his past, it will be highlighted the profound thematic and formal link that combine the last phase with the first one. In fact, the two moments are divided, not only by a temporal factor, but also by a different approach often interested to rethink what Cattelan has already done rather than to propose new solutions.
Open Domain Machine Reading Comprehension using InferSent
Authors:   Korean Institute of Smart Media, Kim Jeong-Hoon , Sim ChunBo , Kim Jun-Yeong , Park Jun , Park SungWook , Jung Se Hoon
Published: December 2022

An open domain machine reading comprehension is a model that adds a function to search paragraphs as there are no paragraphs related to a given question. Document searches have an issue of lower performance with a lot of documents despite abundant research with word frequency based TF-IDF. Paragraph selections also have an issue of not extracting paragraph contexts, including sentence characteristics accurately despite a lot of research with word-based embedding. Document reading comprehension has an issue of slow learning due to the growing number of parameters despite a lot of research on BERT. Trying to solve these three issues, this study used BM25 which considered even sentence length and InferSent to get sentence contexts, and proposed an open domain machine reading comprehension with ALBERT to reduce the number of parameters. An experiment was conducted with SQuAD1.1 datasets. BM25 recorded a higher performance of document research than TF-IDF by 3.2%. InferSent showed a higher performance in paragraph selection than Transformer by 0.9%. Finally, as the number of paragraphs increased in document comprehension, ALBERT was 0.4% higher in EM and 0.2% higher in F1.
Views of Turkish football stakeholders on video assistant referee technology
Authors: Aycan Hüseyin , Onağ Zeynep
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study was to carry out an in-depth examination of the views of
Turkish football stakeholders on "video assistant referee" technology. The stakeholder
sample consisted of 18 male participants, comprising a referee board member, referees,
observers, club managers, footballers, coaches, press members and fans. Semistructured
interviews provided the data. A descriptive analysis of the data was then
undertaken. In the participants' opinions, the main purpose of the VAR Technology is
greater fairness, increased objectivity, referee development, reduction in errors,
prevention of critical mistakes, and to avoid spoiling the nature of football. The
participants' views on the implementation of the VAR Technology were divided into two
components the effect on referee behaviour and the impact on the match performance.
While the positive effects regarding referee behaviours were referees' making correct
decisions, preventing the unfair loss of points, reducing referee mistakes, improvement
of the referees, the negative outcome was an increased discussion of referees. The
impact on match performance was evaluated negatively by the participants. The
reasons were loss of time, loss of naturalness, getting distanced from the match, a
decrease in excitement, and loss of motivation. Lastly, the participants’ opinion about
the future for VAR Technology was that the use of this technology will continue develop
in the coming years and should be supported.
Lexico-Semantic Organisation of Legal Discourse
Authors: Vorontsova Julia Aleksandrovna , Galieva Dina Aslyamovna , Khoroshko Elena Jurevna
Published: December 2022

The study aims to provide a comprehensive characteristic of lexical parameters of legal discourse, the communicative-pragmatic meaning of which is realised at the structural-semantic, content-thematic levels of the utterance. It is noted that legal discourse has peculiar lexico-semantic features due to its main purpose to regulate the communicants’ behaviour in situations of institutional communication established by law in accordance with the system of social role characteristics, prescriptions, instructions, requirements and standards of conduct. Scientific novelty lies in identifying the discursive-semantic patterns of institutional communication formation based on the lexico-semantic organisation of legal discourse. As a result, it has been found that the lexical continuum of legal discourse conforms to the stylistic norms of the modern Russian literary language. Lexical means, being verbal formulas of interpretation of the essence of legal communication, occupy a special place in legal discourse and specifically reflect its significant elements.
Express evaluation of temperature range of steel blue brittleness
Authors:   National Research University «Moscow Power Engineering Institute», Matyunin V. М.
Published: December 2022

A brief analysis of the blue brittleness temperature range of structural steels and the reasons for its occurrence has been carried out. It is noted that blue brittleness causes a change in all mechanical characteristics of steel. In particular, the strength characteristics increase, and the plasticity characteristics decrease in a narrow temperature zone of blue brittleness. It was established that hardness changed similarly to strength and can be used as a diagnostic parameter to identify the temperature range of blue brittleness. For three grades of structural steels, experiments were carried out to identify the temperature range of blue brittleness by tension of samples at various temperatures. A technique for express detection of the blue brittleness temperature range by changing the Brinell hardness determined by instrumented indentation is proposed. The technique eliminates the need to manufacture samples and saves material and labor costs.
Should CbCR Go Public? A Developing Country’s Perspective of Public CbCR
Authors: Afida Chabibah Nur
Published: December 2022

Profit shifting is more significant for developing countries since their tax revenue relies heavily on corporate income tax. The introduction of CbCR of the OECD/G20 BEPS Project is perceived to enhance transparency for tax administration, expected to help developing countries overcome this problem. However, using CbCR and its information is subject to various conditions and constraints. Calling for the implementation of public CbCR has been persistent further by non-government organizations (NGOs). Public disclosure is hoped to increase transparency and keep aggressive tax planning behind. Several initiatives have applied public disclosure of CbCR. This paper aims to review the current regime of CbCR in Indonesia. It then studies the existing implementation of public CbCR in the European Union as examples of public CbCR in practice. Further, this study discusses the potential benefits, challenges, and risks of public disclosure of the CbCR from the perspectives of developing countries.
The impact of student conduct problems on teacher wellbeing following the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic: an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Authors: Oxley Laura , Asbury Kathryn , Kim Lisa E.
Published: December 2022

Background: Given the recruitment and retention crisis within the teaching profession, it is essential that the factors contributing to this are examined. Studies suggest that there has been a general decline in teacher wellbeing since the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic, and student conduct problems are known to be a key negative contributor to poor teacher wellbeing. Aims: This study examines how student conduct problems influenced teachers’ wellbeing following the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic. Specifically, it explores the extent to which student behaviour was seen as changing during the pandemic, and how this may have had an impact on teachers’ wellbeing.Participants: Nine participants took part in this study. All the participants were teachers in schools in England (4 primary and 5 secondary; 9 female).Methods: The data was collected via semi-structured virtual interviews. Using a qualitative approach, the study undertook an in-depth analysis of the interview data using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.Results: The findings suggest that the teachers experienced an increase in student conduct problems following the onset of the pandemic and that this negatively affected wellbeing for some. The teachers also reported an increased need for student support and differential needs for different groups of students.Conclusions: It is important that consideration is given as to how teachers can be effectively supported to manage student conduct problems and the potential impact of these on their wellbeing, particularly since the onset of the pandemic.
Revisiting the issues of efficiency and effectiveness in using science funding following the case of the JAXA research data fabrication
Authors: Mindsponge AISDL
Published: December 2022

Japanese sciences have been in a new turmoil over the past few days following the news that a Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency-authorized (JAXA) research study had fabricated and doctored a large amount of data.
Call for papers: Science lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mindsponge AISDL
Published: December 2022

The SM3D Portal invites colleagues to provide their perspectives, assessments, and analyses on science’s involvement in coping with the epidemic to the “Science lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic” collection. The collection is intended to supplement academic efforts to generate insightful lessons from the COVID-19 catastrophe and to create measures to safeguard our communities from future pandemics.
Timing of citizenship acquisition and immigrants’ children educational outcomes: a family fixed-effects approach
Authors: Labussière Marie
Published: December 2022

Various studies suggest a positive effect of host country citizenship on the educational outcomes of immigrants’ children. However, little is known about when and for whom citizenship matters and how much this is affected by potential endogeneity in the relation between parental citizenship acquisition and their children’s educational outcomes. Focusing on the Netherlands, this paper exploits siblings’ variation in their exposure to naturalisation in order to net out the effect of time-constant parental characteristics. Results from a linear mixed model show that children who acquire Dutch citizenship have a substantial advantage in terms of academic performance over those who are still foreign citizens, especially if they naturalised in early childhood. A novel bounding estimator that gauges the sensitivity of the estimates to omitted variable bias confirms the robustness of these results. Moreover, the effects of citizenship are concentrated among students whose parents are at a disadvantage in the labour market and housing market, shedding light on hitherto under-explored effect heterogeneity.
Identifying the level of service receiver satisfaction using the time, cost, and visit model: A case study of the citizen's charter of Mymensingh City Corporation
Authors: Rahman Azizur
Published: December 2022

Citizen satisfaction with service delivery is a crucial indicator of how much citizens trust and have confidence in their local government. In reality, a citizens' charter is the agreement between residents and a government service provider regarding the amount and quality of service. The purpose of the study is to assess the satisfaction of service recipients based on the time, cost, and visit model. This research develops the TCV (time, cost, and visit) model utilised by a2i (Aspire to Innovate) to determine the satisfaction of Mymensingh City Corporation service recipients in compliance with the citizen charter. This study employs a quantitative technique based on the opinions of one hundred survey respondents from Mymensingh City Corporation. First, the research revealed that the degree of customer satisfaction with City Corporation is poor. Second, the public responsiveness variable, which includes the time, cost, and frequency of service visits with city corporations, has the significant impact on satisfaction differences among citizens. Thirdly, the majority of respondents perceive they are not receiving services in accordance with the Citizen Charter. In such a case, the government may need to examine the matter in greater detail and devise measures to improve service quality via CC. This may necessitate periodic revisions of the Citizen Charter in response to changing citizen demands, the dissemination of information about the Charter to those who benefit from it, and in-depth explanation of the Charter on the City Corporation's website.
Human-Robot Relationship: long-term effects on disclosure, perception and well-being
Authors: Laban Guy , Kappas Arvid , Morrison Val , Cross Emily S.
Published: December 2022

Since interactions with social robots are novel and exciting for many people, one concern is the extent to which people's behavioural and emotional engagement with robots might develop from initial interactions with a robot, when a robot's novelty is especially salient, and sustained over time. This challenge is particularly noticeable in interactions designed to support people's well-being, with limited evidence for how social robots can support people's emotional health over time. Accordingly, this research is aimed at studying how long-term repeated interactions with a social robot affect people's self-disclosure behaviour toward the robot, perceptions of the robot, and how it affected factors related to well-being. We conducted a mediated long-term online experiment with participants conversing with the social robot Pepper 10 times over 5 weeks. We found that people self-disclose increasingly more to a social robot over time, and found the robot to be more social and competent over time. Participants' moods got better after talking to the robot and across sessions, they found the robot's responses to be more comforting over time, and they also reported feeling less lonely over time. Finally, our results stress that when the discussion theme was supposedly more emotional, participants felt lonelier and stressed. These results set the stage for addressing social robots as conversational partners and provide crucial evidence for their potential introduction as interventions supporting people's emotional health through encouraging self-disclosure.
Mind over body: Interfering with the inner voice is detrimental to endurance performance
Authors: Nedergaard Johanne , Christensen Mark Schram , Wallentin Mikkel
Published: December 2022

In two preregistered experiments, we investigated whether people were less able to push themselves physically when distracted from using their internal language. In both experiments, participants performed 12 cycling trials (Experiment 1: N = 49; Experiment 2: N = 50), each lasting one minute where participants were required to cycle as fast as possible while engaging in either a visuospatial task, a verbal task or with no interference. Participants performed worse in the verbal interference condition compared with the control condition (Experiment 1: d = 0.29; Experiment 2: d = 1). Verbal interference was also significantly worse than visuospatial interference in Experiment 2 (d = 0.43) but only numerically worse in Experiment 1 (d = 0.29). These differences were likely due to a more demanding interference task format in Experiment 2. These experiments indicate that the inner voice plays an important role in top-down control of sustained physical efforts.
Risky Effort
Authors: Mason Alice , Sun Yongming , Simonsen Nick , Madan Christopher R , Spetch Marcia L , Ludvig Elliot Andrew
Published: December 2022

Decision-making involves weighing up the outcome likelihood, potential rewards, and effort needed. Previous research has focused on the trade-offs between risk and reward or between effort and reward. Here we bridge this gap and examine how risk in effort levels influences choice. We focus on how two key properties of choice influence risk preferences for effort: changes in magnitude and probability. Two experiments assessed people’s risk attitudes for effort and an additional experiment provided a control condition using monetary gambles. All participants’ risk attitudes showed a strong interaction between changes in magnitude and probability, consistent with the classic fourfold pattern. Unlike with monetary outcomes, however, there was substantial heterogeneity in effort-based risk preferences: people who responded to effort as costly exhibited a “flipped” interaction pattern of risk preferences. The direction of the pattern depended on whether people treated effort as a loss of resources. Most, but not all, people treat effort as a loss and are more willing to take risks to avoid potentially high levels of effort.
Using a foreign language does not make you think more: Null effects of using a foreign language on cognitive reflection and numeracy
Authors: Milczarski Wojciech , Borkowska Anna , Paruzel-Czachura Mariola , Bialek Michal
Published: December 2022

Aims and Objectives/Purpose/Research QuestionsUsing a foreign language is suggested to affect how we think, even reducing bias. However, the exact mechanisms of its influence are still unknown. In this project, we tested two variants of the “thinking more” mechanism driving the foreign language effect: increased cognitive reflection and greater task engagement.Design/Methodology/ApproachWe analyzed previously collected data from 5 experiments employing the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) and/or the Berlin Numeracy Test (BNT), each administered in the native or foreign language. If the increased reflection explanation is true, the CRT score should be higher in participants using a foreign language; If the greater task engagement explanation is true, the BNT score should be higher in participants using a foreign language.Data and AnalysisWe report data from N = 1288 participants who filled the CRT and N = 413 who filled the BNT. Data were analyzed using the NHST approach and its Bayesian alternative over a spectrum of liberal, default and conservative priors. Data is publicly available: https://osf.io/m8tn9Findings/ConclusionsAll the test results were non-significant and showed anecdotal to strong evidence that neither the CRT nor the BNT scores improved in the foreign language condition, also when controlling for proficiency. The proportion of intuitive to computational errors was also unaffected.OriginalityWe are the first to comprehensively test the thinking-more explanation of the foreign language effect.Significance/Implications.Our results undermine the claim that using a foreign language promotes more cognitive reflection or engagement. The foreign language effect likely has a different cause.
EFFECTIVENESS AND SAFETY OF KETAMINE ANALGOSEDATION IN THE ACUTE PERIOD OF SEVERE BURN INJURY
Authors:   State Novosibirsk Regional Clinical Hospital, Novosibirsk, Russia, Seliverstov R.I. , Samatov I.Yu. ,   State Novosibirsk Regional Clinical Hospital; Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia, Vostrikov D.N. ,   State Novosibirsk Regional Clinical Hospital, Novosibirsk, Russia, Dudin V.I. ,   State Novosibirsk Regional Clinical Hospital, Novosibirsk, Russia, Konovalov D.P. ,   State Novosibirsk Regional Clinical Hospital, Novosibirsk, Russia, Vereshchagin E.I. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Published: December 2022

This work is devoted to the topical issue of surgery and anesthesiology, namely, anesthesia and sedation in circulatory shock, in particular, burn shock. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ketamine analgosedation in the acute period of severe burn injury. The pilot study included 9 adult patients aged 15–70 years having a severe burn injury with an area of >40% of the body surface, who were in the intensive care unit for more than 3 days. Intensive care in burn shock was carried out according to the accepted national clinical guidelines. Ketamine after a preliminary bolus (0.25–0.5 mg/kg) was administered through a perfusor (up to 25 mg/h). According to the totality of clinical and laboratory data (dynamics of lactate level, pH, BE, urination rate), shock was controled by the end of the second day from the moment of injury. The assessment of the level of sedation on the RASS scale in patient treated with ketamine showed on average at the level of 2 points during the observation period, the need for narcotic analgesics was limited by the need to perform surgical procedures. Side effects of the use of ketamine (intestinal paresis, vomiting, development of delirium) were not observed. Thus, we can conclude that ketamine analgosedation is safe and effective in burn shock.
Fulguras de um àster
Authors: Hott Márden Cardoso Miranda
Published: December 2022

Não se aplica
INTEGRATED INDICATOR OF TACTICAL AND TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES
Authors:   «КТ-Unmanned Systems» Corp, Abezgauz B. S. , Alesov M.B. ,   «Ramenskoye Instrument-Building Design Bureau» Corp
Published: December 2022

The problem of forming an integrated indicator of tactical and technical characteristics of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is considered. The theory of weighting means is used to calculate an integrated indicator. Weighting factors are determined by statistical processing of projects. The method of integrated estimation is presented and examples of calculating the integrated indicator of UAV performance characteristics are given. The grouping of models and the clustering of weighting means on base of the ordered rows are illustrated.
FORMATION OF REQUIREMENTS FOR THE INFORMATION-ANALYTICAL SYSTEM BASED ON THE USE OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF PREDICTION AND SIMULATION MODELS OF VIRUS PROPAGATION
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Klyapko V. A. , Maiorov N. N. ,   St. Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation
Published: December 2022

Key trends in the development of a modern megalopolis, in the period of large-scale loads on the health care system, in the period of the spread of viruses, encourage the use of advanced methods and approaches to the organization of work in the field of health care. The object of the research is the city of St. Petersburg, the analysis of the main indicators of the load on the city's health care system has been carried out. The changes in the system processes caused by the long-term influence of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) are substantiated. The scientometric analysis reflecting the necessity of introduction of information systems and services in the health care system was performed. Analysis of models and methods (SIR, ARIMA, Holt-Winters) for the task of forecasting is presented and simulation models of virus spread are presented. The practical task of forecasting the number of hospitalizations of patients to estimate hospital bed capacity is presented. The use of forecasting and simulation modules of virus distribution in the information-analytical system is substantiated to make a decision on the estimation of necessary capacity of the health care system.
VARIANTS FOR IMPLEMENTING MACHINE LEARNING WITH REINFORCEMENT IN THE ANYLOGIC PROGRAM
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Рrоkоfiеvа M. S. , Andronov S. А. ,   St. Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation
Published: December 2022

Artificial intelligence methods are widely applied in the detection of type problems. There are many variations of machine learning, among which reinforcement learning occupies a special place. At present, there is no answer to the teacher's question, but there is a response from the environment. Such environments can be real (for example, on random roads, in confined airspace, or on a training assembly line) or natural. Simulation software tools allow you to create realistic artificial intelligence environments, safely train and test learning agents. Including such approaches to solving various business problems. This article is devoted to the analysis of implementation options for a coupling simulation model with machine learning with reinforcement, used in the proposed software product, to identify their features, shortcomings and shortcomings.
OMSK SOCIAL AND HUMANITARIAN READINGS–2022: EXPERIENCE OF INTERDISCIPLINARY DIALOGUE
Authors:   Omsk State University named after F.M. Dostoevsky, Mamontova M.A. , Shestopalova A.S. ,   Omsk State University named after F.M. Dostoevsky
Published: December 2022

This article is an author's analytical review that tells about the work of the conference «Omsk Social and Humanitarian Readings-2022», held on March 22–24 in the city of Omsk. The key presentations made are highlighted. Particular attention was paid to understanding the most dynamic and relevant parts of the discussion platform: the plenary session of the conference, as well as the thematic final event — the round table «The Religious Factor in Russia during the Civil War: Phenomenon, Significance and Regional Specificity». Interest in the work of the described scientific event is due to a number of circumstances. First, changes in the foreign policy situation have actualized the appeal to historical plots, mass consciousness and sociological research. Secondly, the conference became one of the first major events held in person. Thirdly, the conference was organized by three higher educational institutions, which is a reflection of the establishment of close contacts and the possibility of collaboration between representatives of the scientific community. The conference raised the problems of the development of sociological research and institutions, the formation and preservation of historical memory, in particular about the Great Patriotic War, intercultural communications, the impact of social networks and the transformation of a person's private space, the influence of church and religion on the development of a split in Russian society during the Civil War and many other topics. One of the outcomes of the conference was the formation of a common vision of scientists on the need for a methodological synthesis of the humanities. The methodological basis of the work was the problem-chronological method. This review is of interest to specialists in the study of the history of historical science, historical memory, intercultural communications, cultural anthropology and other problems of socio- humanitarian knowledge.
RESEARCH PRACTICES AND FEATURES OF THE SOURCE BASE IN THE STUDY OF THE HISTORY OF RUSSIAN-CHINESE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE SUBJECTS OF THE TWO COUNTRIES AT THE SIBERIAN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Nikulenkov V.V.
Published: December 2022

The article analyzes current trends in the study of Russian-Chinese relations at the level of individual disciplines in the preparation of specialists in international relations based on the emerging demands of the state and the scientific community. The experience of modern research practices in the framework of research work with students of the direction "International Relations" at the Siberian Federal University is presented and summarized in order to achieve effective scientific and educational results. An attempt was made to present and characterize the methods of working with information sources in the electronic environment: scientific databases, catalogs of foreign press, electronic document management of international organizations, as well as the possibilities of a pedagogical approach through the organization of international negotiation platforms of the format of the work of global organizations, international project work within the framework of the twinning institute cities of Russia and China.
FORMATION OF IDEAS ABOUT THE TEMPLE AS AN OBJECT OF HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH — EARLY 20TH CENTURIES (ON THE MATERIALS OF THE YENISEI PROVINCE)
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Dvoretskaya A.P. , Pikov N.O. ,   Siberian Federal University
Published: December 2022

On the basis of published and unpublished archival documents, publications in local periodicals, works of church researchers, the article shows the process of forming ideas of the scientific and church circles about the preservation of monuments of temple architecture in the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries. (on the materials of the Yenisei province). At that time, the temple was perceived not only as a sacred material object, but also as part of the spiritual heritage of many generations. The mechanism of inheritance was based on the collective responsibility of the inhabitants to their descendants. The idea is being formed that the temple, like other objects of cultural heritage, has universal significance and historical value, and therefore should be protected by the joint efforts of the state and the parish. The authors emphasize that before the revolution in the Yenisei province, as elsewhere, there appeared representatives of the church and scientific intelligentsia, who were actively involved in the collection, description, systematization and museumification of monuments of church antiquity. The article concludes that this process was significant not only for the local community, but was also part of the global and Russian trend of preserving the cultural heritage of mankind. At the same time, the interests of the state and the church, while preserving religious objects, largely intersected, which was reflected in the activities of church-archaeological societies and museums. Through the efforts of such devotees as I.V. Figurovsky, D.I. Evtikhiev and others in the Yenisei Siberia collected information about ancient temples, artifacts, documents, prepared a number of publications. This information is relevant even today, as it is often the only evidence of objects and sacristies lost during the Soviet period of history.
Програма спецкурсу: “Педагогіка і психологія художніх ремесел”
Authors: Драшко Олена Миколаївна
Published: December 2022

Розглядається програма спецкурсу: “Педагогіка і психологія художніх ремесел” для викладачів, студентів педагогічних вищих навчальних закладів.
Dynamics of policy change: Conceptualising policy change and stability in a transforming society / Dynamiken des Policy-Wandels. Konzeptionelle Überlegungen zu Politikwandel und -stabilität in der Transformationsgesellschaft
Authors: Plümer Sandra , Schiffers Maximilian
Published: December 2022

Policy change is at the heart of policy research. However, scholars mostly observe incremental rather than major or transformative change. As the hurdles for change are both high and diverse, policy research partly shifts from analysing major policy change to everyday politics. Following this analytical shift, this symposium addresses the dynamics of policy change. Its seven contributions examine the different qualities and modes of policy change identified in the (dis)continuities, path dependencies, and random or unexpected windows of opportunity. Adopting a processual analytical perspective, we reconsider different concepts of change and transformation. Starting from the explanatory power of overlapping policy process theories, we identify three analytical approaches (institutional, actor centred, politics of change) and summarise drivers and hurdles of policy change. Building on the contributions, we derive modes and qualities of policy change as a combination of these factors to facilitate exchange across theoretical perspectives and contribute to a better understanding of policy change and stability.
Hemispheric Patterns of Recruitment of Object Processing Regions in Early Alzheimer’s Disease: A Study Along the Entire Ventral Stream
Authors: Canário Nádia S. , Jorge Lília P. , Santana Isabel J. , Castelo-Branco Miguel S.
Published: December 2022

Background: Investigation of neural response patterns along the entire network of functionally defined object recognition ventral stream regions in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is surprisingly lacking. Objective: We aimed to investigate putative functional reorganization along a wide-ranging network of known regions in the ventral visual stream in mild AD. Methods: Overall we investigated 6 regions of interest (5 of which were not investigated before), in 19 AD patients and 19 controls, in both hemispheres along the ventral visual stream: Fusiform Face Area, Fusiform Body Area, Extrastriate Body Area, Lateral Occipital Cortex, Parahippocampal Place Area, and Visual Word Form Area, while assessing object recognition performance. Results: We found group differences in dprime measures for all object categories, corroborating generalized deficits in object recognition. Concerning neural responses, we found region dependent group differences respecting a priori expected Hemispheric asymmetries. Patients showed significantly decreased BOLD responses in the right hemisphere-biased Fusiform Body Area, and lower left hemisphere responses in the Visual Word Form Area (with a priori known left hemispheric bias), consistent with deficits in body shape and word/pseudoword processing deficits. This hemispheric dominance related effects were preserved when controlling for performance differences. Whole brain analysis during the recognition task showed enhanced activity in AD group of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, left cingulate gyrus, and in the posterior cingulate cortex— a hotspot of amyloid-β accumulation. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate region dependent respecting hemispheric dominance patterns activation changes in independently localized selective regions in mild AD, accompanied by putative compensatory activity of frontal and cingular networks.
Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome Among Chinese Older Adults with White Matter Lesions: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study
Authors: Zhào Hóngyi , Wei Wei , Xie Hongyang , Huang Yonghua
Published: December 2022

Brain aging is characterized by the declines in motor and cognitive features. The present study is to detect motor cognitive risk syndrome (MCRS) in older adults with white matter lesions (WML). 134 WML aged patients were recruited and diagnosed with the criteria for MCRS. Numerous cognitive function tests and walking tests were performed. The frequency of MCRS is 28.35%. Verbal fluency test, Mini-Mental State Examination, and dual-task walking speed were independent risk factor of MCRS. These findings indicated that MCRS was common in WML seniors. MCRS was associated with the pathologies of WML in older adults.
The Association Between Cataract and Cognitive Functions in Older Adults: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Deng Xiaoli , Geng Zhao , Yu Juan , Dai Xiaoyan , Kuang Xunjie , Chen Xia , Li Ruifeng , Liu Ting , Li Chongyi
Published: December 2022

Background: The association between cataracts and cognitive functions has been reported in several studies. However, the dynamic trajectories of cognitive changes in patients with cataracts remain unelucidated. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the dynamic trajectories of cognitive changes in patients with cataracts. Methods: This observational cohort study recruited 1,146 patients with age-related cataracts (ARC) from the Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, from September 2020 to November 2021. The cognitive functions of the patients were assessed using a Chinese version of the Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status-40 (TICS-40) test at baseline and 6 months of follow-up. The trajectories and the associated risk factors for the longitudinal cognitive decline during the 6-month follow-up were investigated. Results: Patients with severe ARC [median (IQR): 0 month, 24 (22, 25); 6 months, 23 (21,25)] had lower TICS-40 scores than those with non-severe ARC [0 month, 31 (24, 33), p < 0.001; 6 months, 31 (23,33), p < 0.001] and controls [0 month, 32 (28, 35), p < 0.001; 6 months, 32 (28, 35), p < 0.001] at both baseline and 6 months of follow-up. Age (OR: 1.311, 95% CI: 1.229 to 1.398) and cataract grade (OR: 5.569, 95% CI: 2.337 to 13.273) were found to be the risk factors of cognitive decline as indicated by a decrease in the TICS-40 scores. Conclusion: ARC is associated with an increased risk of longitudinal cognitive decline; however, the reversibility of such declines needs to be investigated further.
Association of Social Support with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Among Older Women: The Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study
Authors: Posis Alexander Ivan B. , Yarish Natalie M. , McEvoy Linda K. , Jain Purva , Kroenke Candyce H. , Saquib Nazmus , Ikramuddin Farha , Schnatz Peter F. , Bellettiere John , Rapp Stephen R. , Espeland Mark A. , Shadyab Aladdin H.
Published: December 2022

Background: Social support may be a modifiable risk factor for cognitive impairment. However, few long-term, large prospective studies have examined associations of various forms of social support with incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Objective: To examine associations of perceived social support with incident MCI and dementia among community-dwelling older women. Methods: This prospective cohort study included 6,670 women from the Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study who were cognitively unimpaired at enrollment. We used Cox proportional hazards models to assess associations between perceived social support with incident MCI, dementia, or either MCI/dementia during an average 10.7 (SD = 6.1)-year follow-up. Modelling was repeated for emotional/information support, affection support, tangible support, and positive social interaction subscales of social support. Results: Among 6,670 women (average age = 70 years [SD = 3.8]; 97.0% non-Hispanic/Latina; 89.8% White), greater perceived social support was associated with lower risk of MCI/dementia after adjustment for age, ethnicity, race, hormone therapy, education, income, diabetes, hypertension, and body mass index (Tertile [T]3 versus T1: HR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.74–0.99; ptrend = 0.08). Associations were significant for emotional/information support (T3 versus T1: HR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.72–0.97; ptrend = 0.04) and positive social interaction (T3 versus T1: HR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.73–0.99; ptrend = 0.06) subscales. Associations were attenuated and not significant after adjustment for depressive symptom severity. Objective: Perceived social support, emotional/information support, and positive social interaction were associated with incident MCI/dementia among older women. Results were not significant after adjustment for depressive symptom severity. Improving social support may reduce risk of MCI and dementia in older women.
Hospitalizations and Emergency Room Admissions by Mexican American Older Adults with and without Dementia and Caregiver Mental Health
Authors: Downer Brian , Li Chih-Ying , Al Snih Soham
Published: December 2022

Background: Evidence from predominately non-Hispanic White populations indicates that emergency room (ER) admissions and hospitalizations by older adults with and without dementia are associated with caregiver stress and depressive symptoms. These results may not generalize to Hispanic populations because of cultural differences in caregiving roles, responsibilities, and perspectives about care burden. Objective: Investigate the association between ER admissions and hospitalizations by Mexican American older adults with and without dementia and symptoms of depression and stress among family caregivers. Methods: Data came from the 2010/11 wave of the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly and Medicare claims files. The final sample included 326 older adults and their caregivers. Negative binomial regression was used to model the association between hospitalizations and ER admissions by older adults in the previous two years and caregivers’ depressive symptoms and stress in 2010/11. Results: The number of older adult ER admissions and hospitalizations was not associated with caregiver depressive symptoms. Two or more ER admissions (incident rate ratio [IRR] = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.05–1.51) and two or more hospitalizations (IRR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.07–1.61) were associated with significantly higher caregiver stress. Additionally, ER admissions and hospitalizations for a circulatory disease or injury and poisoning were associated with significantly higher caregiver stress. These associations were not modified by the care recipient’s dementia status. Conclusion: Hospitalizations and ER admissions by older Mexican Americans were associated with greater caregiver stress but not depressive symptoms. These associations were similar for caregivers to older adults with and without dementia.
Race Differences in the Association Between Sleep Medication Use and Risk of Dementia
Authors: Leng Yue , Stone Katie L. , Yaffe Kristine
Published: December 2022

Background: The effect of sleep medications on cognition in older adults is controversial, possibly dependent upon sleep quality, and may differ by race. Objective: To determine the longitudinal association between sleep medication use and incident dementia over 15 years, and to explore whether the association is independent of nighttime sleep disturbances and if it differs by race. Methods: We examined 3,068 community-dwelling older adults (aged 74.1±2.9 years, 41.7% Black, 51.5% female) without dementia. Sleep medication use was recorded three times by asking “Do you take sleeping pills or other medications to help you sleep?” with the response options: “Never (0)”, “Rarely (≤1/month)”, “Sometimes (2–4/month)”, “Often (5–15/month)”, or “Almost Always (16–30/month)”. Incident dementia was defined using hospitalization records, dementia medication prescription or clinically significant decline in global cognition. Results: 138 (7.71%) of Whites and 34 (2.66%) of Blacks reported taking sleep medications “often or almost always”. Whites were almost twice as likely to take all prescription hypnotics. 617 participants developed dementia over the follow-up. After adjustment for all covariates, participants who reported taking sleep medications ≥ 5/month versus ≤1/month were significantly more likely to develop dementia, and the association was only observed among Whites (HR = 1.79,1.21–2.66) but not Blacks (HR = 0.84,0.38–1.83); p for interaction = 0.048. Further adjustment for nighttime sleep did not appreciably alter the results. The association was similar for the cumulative frequency of sleep medication use and remained after introducing a time lag of 3 years. Conclusion: Frequent sleep medication use was associated with an increased risk of dementia in White older adults. Further research is needed to determine underlying mechanisms.
The Background and History of SDPS: A Brief Glimpse of Its Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Gatchel Stan
Published: December 2022

Twenty-five years after the first conference of the Society for Design and Process Science, held in the emerging tech center of Austin Texas, its history remains a matter of lore, dwelling in the imagination of today’s young volunteers and in the brief glimpses of members and participants, who only see fragments of the unique trail of events that led to this moment. Professional societies hold an important place in the history of science and engineering. They serve as the “watering holes” where professionals from the same discipline may gather and discuss the vagaries of their body of knowledge, while sharing important discoveries with their colleagues. In the traditions of SDPS, all disciplines are welcome—to not only share their work and research methods but also to join others in examining the very nature of knowledge itself and to seek ways to integrate it across disciplinary boundaries. With this brief history, we can only present a cursory tale of the incredible circumstances that led to what was once called, “The Society of the Future.” We welcome readers of this, our 25th anniversary of the Journal of Integrated Design and Process Science. It was a long and almost unbelievable journey, but through it all, it would appear the Future has at last arrived.
Digital engineering transformation with trustworthy AI towards industry 4.0: emerging paradigm shifts
Authors: Huang Jingwei
Published: December 2022

Digital engineering transformation is a crucial process for the engineering paradigm shifts in the fourth industrial revolution (4IR), and artificial intelligence (AI) is a critical enabling technology in digital engineering transformation. This article discusses the following research questions: What are the fundamental changes in the 4IR? More specifically, what are the fundamental changes in engineering? What is digital engineering? What are the main uncertainties there? What is trustworthy AI? Why is it important today? What are emerging engineering paradigm shifts in the 4IR? What is the relationship between the data-intensive paradigm and digital engineering transformation? What should we do for digitalization? From investigating the pattern of industrial revolutions, this article argues that ubiquitous machine intelligence (uMI) is the defining power brought by the 4IR. Digitalization is a condition to leverage ubiquitous machine intelligence. Digital engineering transformation towards Industry 4.0 has three essential building blocks: digitalization of engineering, leveraging ubiquitous machine intelligence, and building digital trust and security. The engineering design community at large is facing an excellent opportunity to bring the new capabilities of ubiquitous machine intelligence, and trustworthy AI principles, as well as digital trust, together in various engineering systems design to ensure the trustworthiness of systems in Industry 4.0.