bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three microlensing planets with no caustic-crossing features
Authors: Han Cheongho , Udalski Andrzej , Kim Doeon , Lee Chung-Uk , Albrow Michael D. , Chung Sun-Ju , Gould Andrew , Hwang Kyu-Ha , Jung Youn Kil , Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Shin In-Gu , Shvartzvald Yossi , Yee Jennifer C. , Zang Weicheng , Cha Sang-Mok , Kim Dong-Jin , Kim Hyoun-Woo , Kim Seung-Lee , Lee Dong-Joo , Lee Yongseok , Park Byeong-Gon , Pogge Richard W. , Mróz Przemek , Szymański Michał K. , Skowron Jan , Poleski Radosław , Soszyński Igor , Pietrukowicz Paweł , Kozłowski Szymon , Ulaczyk Krzysztof , Rybicki Krzysztof A. , Iwanek Patryk , Wrona Marcin , Gromadzki Mariusz
Published: April 2021

Aims.We search for microlensing planets with signals exhibiting no caustic-crossing features, considering the possibility that such signals may be missed due to their weak and featureless nature.

Methods.For this purpose, we reexamine the lensing events found by the KMTNet survey before the 2019 season. From this investigation, we find two new planetary lensing events, KMT-2018-BLG-1976 and KMT-2018-BLG-1996. We also present the analysis of the planetary event OGLE-2019-BLG-0954, for which the planetary signal was known but no detailed analysis had previously been presented. We identify the genuineness of the planetary signals by checking various interpretations that can generate short-term anomalies in lensing light curves.

Results.From Bayesian analyses conducted with the constraint from available observables, we find that the host and planet masses are (M1,M2) ~ (0.65 M⊙, 2 MJ) for KMT-2018-BLG-1976L, ~(0.69 M⊙, 1 MJ) for KMT-2018-BLG-1996L, and ~(0.80 M⊙, 14 MJ) for OGLE-2019-BLG-0954L. The estimated distance to OGLE-2019-BLG-0954L, 3.63−1.64+1.22kpc, indicates that it is located in the disk, and the brightness expected from the mass and distance matches the brightness of the blend well, indicating that the lens accounts for most of the blended flux. The lens of OGLE-2019-BLG-0954 may be resolved from the source by conducting high-resolution follow-up observations in and after 2024.
Phase Transitions in Ion-Exchange Materials during the Water Vapor Sorption
Authors: Ivanov Igor , Ivanova Oksana
Published: April 2021

Water vapor sorption process on ion-exchange materials was investigated using a model taking into account the mutual influence of variations in hydration energy and osmotic effect. At realistic parameter values, phase transitions of the first kind of the thin adsorbed liquid film and thick adsorbed liquid film type can occur. Possible reasons and criteria of the phase transitions that led to stepwise change of ionite resistance were discussed. The phase transitions obtained in this work manifest themselves as hysteresis loops on water vapor adsorption-desorption experimental isotherms. Hysteresis was observed experimentally both at high and at low values of relative air humidity. It was explained using different models: for high and low humidity separately. The present work made it possible to explain these critical phenomena using single mathematical model.
Distributions of Two Atoms Collisions over the Surface of the Condensed Phase
Authors: Zheltov Sergey , Pletnev Leonid
Published: April 2021

The processes of heat and mass transfer are closely related to the evaporation of a substance from the surface of the condensed phase. The interaction of outgoing molecules from the surface of the condensed phase with condensed phase molecules plays a fundamental role. A simpler case of evaporation is the departure of atoms from the surface of the condensed phase, i.e. the atoms overcome the potential barrier on the surface of the condensed phase. Depending on the evaporation rate, a Knudsen layer appears above the surface of the condensed phase. In this paper, based on the model of rigid spheres, the density distributions of the collision distances and the average values of the collision distances of two atoms emitted simultaneously from the surface of the condensed phase above the surface are analyzed. Distributions of the collision distance depending on the surface temperature, the size of the potential barrier, and the size of the evaporation area are obtained. Computer experiments were performed using the Monte Carlo method. To obtain the results of numerical simulation, a parallel algorithm adapted to calculations on graphics processors with CUDA technology was developed.
Modeling Cognitive Activity of the Human Brain by the Mathematical Apparatus of Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Petukhov Alexandr
Published: April 2021

This paper discusses the possible approaches to modeling the cognitive activity of the human brain using the mathematical apparatus of quantum mechanics (primarily – potential wells and virtual particles) in terms of the theory of information representations. The article briefly describes the proposed theory of information representations, draws analogies, and identifies common features of information representations of the human mind and Feynman’s virtual particles. The human mind is represented as a one-dimensional potential well with finite walls of different sizes and internal potential barrier simulating the boundary between consciousness and subconsciousness. This creates a foundation for a mathematical apparatus that can make it possible to forecast particular cognitive functions of the human brain. The results of these studies can be used to create predictive models of various cognitive disorders (diseases) and to be used in diagnostics.
Application of Digital Twin Technology for Modelling of Information Security Level of Industrial Plant
Authors: Kuznetsova Natalia Mikhailovna , Karlova Tatyana Vladimirovna
Published: April 2021

Maintaining the high level of information security at all stages of production is one of the most important tasks of modern industrial plans. In this case, the complex (integrated) approach plays a special role in which information security is realized on maximum number of automated systems and communication channels. The article is devoted to the mechanism of modelling the realization of external and internal information security threats by means of digital twin application. The presented model is a generalized digital copy of all industrial automated systems.
Synergistic Effects Under Ion-Beam Modification of Metals
Authors: Borisov Anatoly , Krit Boris , Suminov Igor , Ovchinnikov Mikhail , Tikhonov Sergey
Published: April 2021

The combined effect of ion and laser beams on physical and mechanical properties of metal and alloy surfaces has been studied. The technique of determining the main parameters of polyenergetic ion implantation using a vacuum-arc ion source is proposed and evaluated. It is found that treatment with titanium ions and the subsequent laser thermal hardening increase microhardness of steel 45 and U8 up to 6 times.
Thermodynamic Model of Wear Intensity of Cutting Tools With Coatings
Authors: Grigoriev Sergey , Migranov Mars , Migranov Artur , Seitkulov Abdumalik
Published: April 2021

On the basis of thermodynamics of nonequilibrium processes the model is developed, allowing to predict wear resistance and others tribotechnical parametres hardloaded high-temperature interfaces. For the predicted adaptation of friction surfaces and a decrease in the wear rate, it is necessary to use tool materials and wear-resistant coatings containing chemical elements and compounds capable, under certain conditions, of chemically interacting with the material being processed and with the environment, creating non-equilibrium secondary structures with negative entropy production. Contributions of additional impacts on the cutting zone due to the use of coolant, unsteadiness of the cutting mode elements, and other relevant factors should also be considered.
Using the Mathematical Criterion of Gas Pipeline Failure to Determine the Remaining Operation Life
Authors: Bayburova Minsariya , Ismagilova Zulfiya
Published: April 2021

During the years of operation, underground pipelines deteriorate because of aging, wear, damage, and destruction. A comprehensive inspection of the main pipeline revealed various defects on a certain pipeline route section. To identify the remaining operation life of the pipeline, a number of hydraulic tensile strength tests were performed using the cyclic loading method. The authors propose to calculate the minimum allowable wall thickness capable of withstanding the maximum internal pressure, as an alternative to cyclic hydraulic tests. The strength calculations were performed using the well-known mathematical strength criteria proposed by K.V. Zakharov and I.I. Goldenblatt and V.A. Kopnov.
Effect of osmotic suction on the stability of microaggregations and aggregations in a lateritic soil
Authors: Pérez Andrea Cardona , Wanderley Neto Ronaldo Vilela , Ayala Rosemary Janneth Llanque , Camapum de Carvalho José
Published: April 2021

It has been established that the matric suction is the portion of the total suction that affects, more directly, the mechanical behaviour of unsaturated soils, being less considered the effects of the osmotic suction. Considering that in the deeply weathered soils will occur, depending on its chemical-mineralogical characteristics, more or less ionic exchange between the soil particles and the chemical products to which the soil has been exposed to, the study of the osmotic suction and its impact on the soil textural and structural stability becomes relevant. In natural terrain and slopes, the chemical products come mostly from agricultural inputs, while in road constructions they come from additives such as lime and cement that are incorporated to the soil with the objective of enhancing its mechanical behaviour. In the case of castin situconcrete foundations, part of the concrete’s chemical compounds migrates to the surrounding soil. In all of the above mentioned cases, the matric suction acts on the chemical compounds’ migration process, affecting soil’s osmotic suction. Aiming at assessing the impacts of these chemical compounds on the soil properties and behaviour, soil-water characteristics curves of a lateritic soil mixed with a dolomitic limestone and a fertilizer were evaluated. The results show that, in the case of the fertilizer mixture, the variation of osmotic suction contributed to the disaggregation of the soil.
Effects of compaction on the erodibility of a residual soil of gneiss
Authors: Heidemann Marcelo , Helena P. Nierwinski , Sell Bruna , da Silva Paulo Vinícius
Published: April 2021

This work aims to verify the effects of the natural structure of a residual soil on its erodibility and the potential, employing compaction, to restore the erosion resistance. It is a residual soil of gneiss that occurs in the state of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. Infrastructure earthworks expose this material to the action of water, which can develop severe erosive features. The erodibility evaluation was made using the MCT methodology based on infiltrability and modified loss of mass by immersion tests. These tests were conducted in undisturbed specimens at natural moisture content and in compacted specimens at optimum moisture content. Such tests were also carried out in specimens air-dried for 24, 48, and 96 hours. This soil is inherently erosive, but the natural macrostructure makes it even more susceptible to erosion. Even compaction under modified energy is not able to recover the erodibility resistance. Drying slightly reduces the soil’s erosive potential when compacted, regardless of the compaction energy, but clearly increases the erosive potential of undisturbed soil.
Modelling of soil-water retention curve considering the effects of existing salt solution in the pore fluid
Authors: Sadeghi Hamed , Golaghaei Darzi Ali
Published: April 2021

Soil-water retention curve (SWRC) has a wide application in geoenvironmental engineering from the predication of unsaturated shear strength to transient two-phase flow and stability analyses. Although various SWRC models have been proposed to take into account some influencing factors, less attention has been given to consider the effects of pore fluid osmotic potential. Therefore, the key objective of this study is to extend van Genchten’s model so that osmotic potential is considered as an independent factor governing the SWRC behavior. The new model comprises only six variables, which can be calibrated through minimal experimental measurements. More importantly, most of the model parameters have physical meaning by correlating macroscopic volumetric behavior and general trends of SWRC to osmotic potential. The results of validation tests revealed that the new osmotic-dependent SWRC model can predict the retention data in terms of both total and matric suction for two different soils and various molar concentrations very good. The proposed modeling approach does not require any advanced mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) tests, yet it can deliver excellent predictions by calibrating only six parameters which are far less than those incorporated into similar models for saline water permeating through the pore structure.
Estimating soil-water characteristic curve based on soil type and best-fitting regressions derived from a simplified method using Aburra Valley dataset
Authors: Ramos-Rivera Johnatan , Parra-Holguín Daniel , Valencia-González Yamile , Echeverri-Ramírez Oscar
Published: April 2021

In unsaturated soil mechanics, many attempts have been made to estimate the SWCC based on soil texture and grain-size distribution. This paper proposes a simplified method to estimate the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) for both coarse and fine-grained soils using SWCC data and machine learning computer code in the Aburra Valley. Fredlund and Xing parameters has been used to estimate the SWCC correlations. Soil samples collected from field survey were subjected to laboratory testing, SWCCs were estimated using filter paper method. Each SWCC data set from Aburra Valley was fitted with Fredlund and Xing curve using multiple regression analysis, correlations were derived for those four parameters based on predictors derived from machine learning. The proposed method gives a good estimation and low residual errors of the SWCC.
Moisture and soil strength monitoring of a railway embankment remediated with wicking geotextile
Authors: Alvarenga Camila , Parisa Haji Abdulrazagh , Michael T. Hendry
Published: April 2021

A 45 m section of a railway embankment located at Fort Saskatchewan County in Alberta, Canada, was remediated as a part of the Canadian Pacific Railway’s (CP) Grade Stabilization/Remediation Plan. The embankment materials were replaced while a 4.6 m wide reinforcing geotextile (Mirafi® RS580i) and a 7.3 m wide wicking geotextile (Mirafi® H2Ri) were installed in the ballast and sub-ballast interface and between the subgrade and sub-ballast, respectively, aiming to address issues such as poor drainage and moisture retention. The studied site consists of an instrumented track including a remediated and an adjacent control section that provided the opportunity to measure volumetric water content (VWC) within the sub-ballast and clayey subgrade at both configurations. The VWC variation with seasonal weather change is continuously monitored by nine moisture sensors, and an antecedent precipitation index (API) model was developed to evaluate the influence of precipitation events on the VWC in both sections and to interpret the impact of the in situ VWC on the unsaturated strength of the soil according to the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) results. An initial evaluation of the moisture-suction relationship has shown that the subgrade soil strength is improving within the remediated section; nonetheless, these trends are anticipated to be more consistent with long-term observation.
Implementation of two-phase flow models for recycled materials in embankments
Authors: Machado João A.R. , Vasquez Ambria , Kwan Wing Shun , Fuentes Jose M. , Menezes Gustavo
Published: April 2021

Recycled materials like Bauxite Residue (Red Mud) and Fly Ash are prevalent in recent feasibility studies on reused materials in geotechnical engineering applications. Red Mud is a mining waste from aluminum manufacturing, and Fly Ash is a by-product of coal combustion in power plants. Nevertheless, to fully reveal the feasibility of using those materials for constructing above-ground earth structures, a better understanding of their unsaturated performance in geo-structure is essential. While some popular empirical models (e.g., van Genuchten 1980) in Soil Water Retention Curves (SWRC) are commonly used to describe soils' unsaturated conditions, those models may not apply to unique materials like Red Mud and Fly Ash. Recently, SWRC curves of both materials were acquired through the Steady-State Centrifuge (SSC) Unsaturated Flow Apparatus (UFA) procedure at Cal State LA. The experimental data were used to develop analytical models following the van Genuchten model. Using a finite-difference software (FLAC) and obtained SWRC curves, this study performed numerical simulations of embankments filled with Fly Ash and Red Mud, comparing it with an embankment filled with typical silty soil with the same dimensions and conditions. Results showed seepage flow rates for Fly Ash and Red Mud are higher when used as fill material as above-ground embankments.
MFA vs. LCA, particularly as environment management methods in industry: an opinion
Authors: Birat Jean-Pierre
Published: April 2021

MFA was born in the 1980s, independently, in various laboratories around the world. On the one hand, Industry was trying then to put numbers on its circular economy practices, while, on the other, Academia endeavored to construct a metaphor ofnatural ecology(BioGeoChemical Cycles [BGCC]) or of themetabolism of ecosystemsto describe the activities of the anthroposphere, especially its material and the energy flows (and stocks). This article briefly reviews the early efforts of Usinor (now ArcelorMittal) in this area, in the framework of a program called “The Cycle of Iron” and points out what it was trying to achieve: basically, analyze and evaluate a true recycling rate (RR) of steel. MFA turned out to be potentially a more powerful tool than ad hoc models of materials circularity too and Industry left the leadership to academic groups to flesh out the new methodology to confront such difficult questions as the evaluation of a RR. Then the article conducts a kind of methodological and epistemological audit of the present status of MFA, positioning it in the wide framework of descriptions of material flows in space and time, and thus picturing it as a competing methodology to LCA. While the former is macro-scale, synchronic, broadly economy-oriented, the latter is micro-scale, diachronic, product and value chain-oriented, while both “report” to different communities, the Industrial Ecology community and the LCA community respectively, and more. Both schools of thoughts have been attending SAM conferences regularly, where they have been reporting their continuous search for new developments and their search for a better sustainability assessment of materials, products, industrial systems and economic activities of all kinds. The various contributions over the first 12 SAM events are analyzed. Finally, MFA and LCA are compared, feature by feature, in terms of the communities they serve and of their strengths and weaknesses. Unsurprisingly, the conclusion is that they are more complementary than competing with each other.
Current and future aspects of the digital transformation in the European Steel Industry
Authors: Branca Teresa Annunziata , Fornai Barbara , Colla Valentina , Murri Maria Maddalena , Streppa Eliana , Schröder Antonius Johannes
Published: April 2021

The technological transformation in the European steel industry is driven by digitalization, which has the potential to strongly contribute to improving production efficiency and sustainability. The present paper describes part of the work developed in the early stage of the project entitled “Blueprint ‘New Skills Agenda Steel’: Industry-driven sustainable European Steel Skills Agenda and Strategy (ESSA)”, which is funded by the Erasmus Plus Programme of the European Union. The project aims at achieving an industry driven, sustainable and coordinated blueprint for addressing the economic, digital and technological developments, as well as increasing energy efficiency and environmental demands through continuously update of qualification, knowledge and skill profiles of the workforce. On the one hand, main aspects of the current state of the technological transformation in the steel sector are described through the analysis of the main recent innovation projects and developments. On the other hand, survey results from a dedicated questionnaire addressed to the European steel companies are analyzed, providing an overview on the (planned) technological transformation affecting the steel sector. The existing levels of plant automation and the possible adoption of the new paradigm of Industry 4.0 are discussed, by also considering the possible impact on the workforce. Main results are that the steel industry foresees an implementation of almost all Industry 4.0 technologies not only for competitive but also environmental improvement. Because this is foreseen in an incremental way upskilling of the existing workforce is a precondition, not only because of recruitment difficulties on the employment market but also because the existing qualification and experience of the workplace is necessary to unfold the full potential of digital and green transformation.
The impact of the development of information technology tools of communication on digital culture and Internet slang
Authors: Petrova Yulia Andreevna , Vasichkina Olga Nikolaevna
Published: April 2021

A digital culture is such a vast and complex concept that is often difficult to define. However, using just a definition does not answer the question: what are digital culture and Internet slang? To gain a deeper understanding of а digital culture, you need to understand what makes a digital culture as it is. It is becoming increasingly clear that this area can be successfully explored only through the joint efforts of humanitarian, social, cultural and technical scientists, and therefore the integration and structuring of existing disciplinary approaches and results are necessary. Our research does not consider digital culture in terms of professional subculture, understanding of modern information technologies, their functioning, and professional language. In our research, the digital culture is considered in the range of the Internet user’s personality. The topicality of the research is that digital culture and Internet slang are «interdisciplinary categories, with the help of which it is possible to analyze problems of cultural identity», mutual influence of culture and slang in the system of unified computer networks.
Diversion of qualitative characteristics of text complexity (a case study of literary and popular science PIRLS texts)
Authors: Ziganshina Chulpan R. , Mazaeva Tatyana V.
Published: April 2021

The study under consideration highlights the multidimensional comprehensive analysis of eight texts of diverse genre attribution applied in the international PIRLS testing during 2001-2011 (PIRLS (Progress in International Reading Literacy Study) is conducted by International Association in assessment of academic achievements IEA. The national coordinator of the research implementation PIRLS in the Russian Federation is FIAQE «Federal Institute of assessment of quality education»). The objective of the study is to substantiate the hypothesis concerning similarities and differences in typological characteristics that aim at evaluating the complexity of popular science and literary texts. The cornerstone of the theory serves the assumption of the text complexity which involves quantitative (the word, sentence, text length) as well as qualitative (narrativity, syntactical simplicity, precision, referential cohesion, semantic cohesion) characteristics of the text [14]. The study determines that literary texts display a wider diversity of syntactical structures and a higher narrative degree than popular science texts under similar length and readability conditions. The precision indicators of popular science and literary texts are manifested in approximately the same range whereas referential and semantic cohesion represent a broad range of fluctuations in both cases.
The main features of the economic ethics of European paganism
Authors: Orlyansky Evgeny
Published: April 2021

This article is devoted to the study of the main distinguishing features of the economic ethics of religious and mythological systems of the main ancient ethnic groups of Europe in the pagan era. The economic ethics of these systems is the very first foundation of the Christian economic ethics that dominated in the traditional market economy. It formed the basis for its development in ancient philosophy and, then, in Christianity. This economic ethics is most clearly expressed in ancient Greek mythology. But it is not limited to this, and its main features are also present in the religious and mythological systems of other European ethnic groups (Scandinavians, Celts, Balts, Slavs), which gives it the universal character.
Efficiency of the balancing devices to power quality improve
Authors: Naumov Igor , Podyachikh Sergey , Ivanov Dmitriy
Published: April 2021

Violation of the symmetrical mode of operation of the electric network causes a deterioration in the quality of electric energy and significantly reduces the reliability of the functioning of electrical equipment and elements of the electric network. A mathematical model of an electrical network with a grounded neutral is proposed аnd a software package that allows us to evaluate the level of voltage asymmetry of a three-phase system depending on the changing unbalanced load was created. The simulation and calculation of the studied parameters for various combinations of loads and the technical means of balancing the operating mode of the electric network (the balancing device – BD) is carried out. Programs for the Matlab graphic editor are compiled and diagrams of changes in electricity quality indicators are constructed. A numerical analysis is carried out and recommendations are given to determine the most appropriate place for connecting the BD in the electrical network to improve the quality of electricity based on the calculation made.
Research of Budget Risks as a Factor of Influence on the Sustainable Development of Territories
Authors: Terentieva Irina , Svistunov Andrey
Published: April 2021

This article presents an overview of modern scientific research on budget risks as a factor influencing the sustainable development of territories. Certain aspects of the budget risk category were clarified based on an analysis of the existing conceptual framework of budget risk theory. The main types of budget risks are highlighted and the relationship between them is reflected. The main risk factors of the municipal budget corresponding to each type of risk were also identified. Also, recommendations on the methodology for assessing budget risks are provided. They are based on the use of correlation and regression analysis methods, as well as the simulation modeling of budget risk indicators. This methodological approach will allow for scenario analysis, stress testing of key budget indicators, and improvement of the quality of financial management. This will increase the resilience of budgets to the impact of uncertainty and risk factors.
The robotics market: development prerequisites, features and prospects
Authors: Digilina Olga , Teslenko Irina
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the development of the robotics market in Russia and in the world. The authors note that the use of robots in various fields of activity ensures accuracy, productivity, flexibility, rationality in the use of the workspace, economy, etc. These advantages explain the rapid development of the robotics market today. The authors emphasize that Russia has every chance to take a leading position in the promising high-tech markets. Stimulating domestic demand for domestic developments, actively attracting all available sources of investment, taking into account new directions for future breakthrough technologies will help domestic manufacturers to gain competitive positions in the global robotics market.
Use of fitness to improve students' physical qualities
Authors: Yekimov Sergey , Pilova Svitlana , Panasiuk Iryna , Galiuza Sergii , Bilohur Vlada
Published: April 2021

The rhythm and tempo of music has a beneficial impact on a person's desire to perform in unison movements. They can calm or excite the human nervous system and have a beneficial effect on the overall physical condition of the person. Regular fitness classes help to improve the mental and physical performance of students. Types and forms of fitness aerobics allow you to use an individual approach when choosing tools and methods in physical education lessons. In our opinion, the motor mode during fitness classes should correlate with the psychological and emotional state of the participants, as well as with their overall level of physical development. As a result of regular fitness classes in physical education classes, students improve the functioning of the musculoskeletal system and improve the development of skeletal muscles. The introduction of teaching in higher educational institutions of the training course "Valeology" in our opinion will allow students to gain important knowledge they need throughout their lives.
The development of semantic reading among students of a defectological profile in the digitalization of education
Authors: Kalugina Natalia , Larina Elena , Garkusha Natalia , Kuznetsova Diana
Published: April 2021

The study of psychological and pedagogical conditions, and the formation of professionally significant qualities of the future speech therapist, is associated with the formation of intonational and semantic skills, which affects the training of future specialists. The presented forms, methods of organizing the educational process on the example of specific subjects of the educational plan, made it possible to increase the competence of students. Specially selected exercises during the "Pedagogy" discipline were focused on mastering the scientific style, which contributed to the development of semantic reading. The results of the work done confirm that if specially selected tasks are included in the educational process, this allows for better training of future speech therapists in accordance with the standard of professional training in the context of digitalization.
Personal determinants of professional development of the future specialist
Authors: Savchenko Tatyana
Published: April 2021

The article highlights the issues of identifying personal determinations of the development of future specialists, and in particular, physical education teachers in their professional training, substantiates and empirically tests the dependence of the professional development of a future physical education teacher on his personal qualities. The author analyzes the features of the professional development of future physical education specialists in the article. Personal and professional development is viewed as an integral self-developing system based on the activity-based transformation of the personality of itself. The author identifies personal determinants that affect the professional development of a future specialist, such as professional orientation, consisting of an interest in the teaching profession and the desire to master knowledge and skills; a pedagogical vocation, which grows out of the awareness of the abilities for the profession of a physical education teacher. The author presents the results of this study, presents conclusions about the effectiveness of the experiment.
Online literary creativity of digital natives: genre and thematic analysis
Authors: Algavi Leila , Volkova Irina , Kadyrova Shuanat , Rastorgueva Natalya
Published: April 2021

The article presents the results of a genre-thematic analysis of 1129 texts recognized as the most popular in 2019 on the platform Ficbook.net. It was found that young people of generation Z - the authors of these works (prose, poetry, journalism), were broadcasting existential anxiety and depression, tell stories which content is mainly related to violence and sex. The research is innovative in connection with empirical material that has not been studied before in the context of the problems of socialization of the digital generation. The features of socialization and motivation of "digital natives" representatives, their behavior in social networks and in real life are revealed. The results obtained can be useful for specialists in media communications, as well as psychologists, sociologists and teachers.
The role of family in the formation of students’ labor values
Authors: Retivina Veronika Viktorovna
Published: April 2021

The article discusses issues related to the influence of family on the formation of work attitudes of students. According to the data of the social research conducted by the author in 2020, the coincidence of the structures of basic values among students and their parents was exposed. An increase in the degree of influence of family on the selection of a profession by young people has been established. The results of the survey revealed the similarities and differences in the work attitudes of the two generations. For both students and their parents, the content aspect appeared to be a priority in the work. For the older generation, as compared with children, the social component of labor is more important. For young people, the opportunities for personal self-realization and the material side of working career are more important than for their parents. The analysis of the research findings allows for the conclusion that nowadays the importance of the educational influence of family on the formation of the value system of young people, as well as in the labor sphere, is still high.
Zusammenarbeit mit Leiharbeitern aus Sicht der OP-Pflege
Authors: Becker Petra
Published: April 2021

In den letzten beiden Ausgaben haben wir einen Überblick über die organisatorischen Herausforderungen der Zeitarbeit gegeben und geschildert, welche Vor- und Nachteile die Arbeitnehmerüberlassung aus Sicht der OP-Leitung hat. Im letzten Teil unserer Miniserie berichtet eine festangestellte OP-Pflegende über ihre Erfahrungen mit Honorarkräften im OP.
Die Auswirkungen der staatlichen Anerkennung von ATA und OTA
Authors: Klimmek Jennifer , Lausen Jessika , Linke Gaston , Loose André , Neukamm Benny
Published: April 2021

In weniger als acht Monaten ist es soweit: Die Ausbildungen zur ATA und OTA werden staatlich anerkannt. Aus dem neuen Gesetz ergeben sich zahlreiche Veränderungen für die Ausbildung und deren Akteure. Unsere Autoren schildern, was die Neuregelungen für die ATA-OTA-Schulen, die Ausbildungsfinanzierung und die Berufsangehörigen bedeuten.
Autismus-Spektrum-Störung
Authors: Freitag Christine M.
Published: April 2021

In der überarbeiteten Version der Internationalen Klassifikation von Erkrankungen, der ICD-11, wird das Krankheitsbild Autismus-Spektrum-Störung (ASS) neu eingeführt. ASS nach ICD-11 umfasst die ehemaligen Diagnosen frühkindlicher Autismus und Asperger-Syndrom nach ICD-10. Zahlreiche weitere Änderungen sieht die überarbeitete ICD-11-Version vor, die in dem vorliegenden Artikel zusammengefasst werden. Die aktuelle AWMF-S3-Leitlinie, Teil 1 Diagnostik, zu Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen im Kindes-, Jugend- und Erwachsenenalter kann mit kleinen Anpassungen weiterhin eingesetzt werden. Im zweiten Teil des Artikels werden wesentliche aktuelle Aspekte hinsichtlich möglicher verhaltenstherapeutischer und medikamentöser Intervention zusammengefasst, die im zweiten Teil zur Therapie der AWMF-S3-Leitlinie zu Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen im Kindes-, Jugend- und Erwachsenenalter enthalten sein werden. Der Teil Therapie der Leitlinie wird im Frühjahr 2021 nach abschließender Zustimmung der beteiligten Fachgesellschaften online über AWMF.org zugänglich sein.
Antibiotikaeinsatz beim akuten Durchfall des Hundes – Übersicht potenzieller Risiken, Indikationen und Alternativen
Authors: Werner Melanie , Unterer Stefan
Published: April 2021

Antibiotika werden bei Hunden mit Magen-Darm-Problemen wie akutem Durchfall (AD) in Deutschland häufig eingesetzt. In Einklang mit den weltweiten Bemühungen, den Antibiotikaeinsatz einzuschränken, soll diese Literaturübersicht einen Überblick über den rationalen und sinnvollen Einsatz von Antibiotika beim AD liefern. Antibiotika können zu gastrointestinalen Nebenwirkungen, negativen Auswirkungen auf die intestinale Mikrobiota und zur Entstehung von Resistenzen führen. Es gibt auch Hinweise darauf, dass chronische immunologische Erkrankungen durch die Verabreichung von Antibiotika ausgelöst werden können. Daher sollten sie bei unkompliziertem AD ohne Anzeichen einer Sepsis oder einer systemischen Entzündungsreaktion nicht verabreicht werden. Darüber hinaus spielen enteropathogene Bakterien bei der Ätiologie akuter Durchfälle beim Hund kaum eine Rolle. Bei bestimmten Krankheitsbildern, wie dem akuten hämorrhagischen Durchfallsyndrom, wird eine Antibiotikatherapie nur dann empfohlen, wenn Hinweise auf eine bakterielle Translokation mit nachfolgender Sepsis vorliegen. Dagegen ist die Gabe von Antibiotika bei der Parvovirose aufgrund der immunologischen Inkompetenz des Hundes, die durch die hochgradige Neutropenie verursacht wird, unumgänglich.
Prophylaxe der kaninen Parvovirose
Authors: Bergmann Michèle , Freisl Monika , Hartmann Katrin
Published: April 2021

Die Impfung ist die wichtigste Maßnahme zum Schutz vor kaniner Parvovirose. Daher zählt die Impfung gegen das kanine Parvovirus (CPV) zu den Core-Komponenten der Hundeimpfung. Modifizierte Lebendvakzinen (MLV) haben sich als sehr wirksam und zugleich sicher erwiesen. Sie bieten einen zuverlässigen Schutz, der bereits nach wenigen Tagen eintritt und viele Jahre anhält. MLV enthalten keine Adjuvanzien; sie sind hinsichtlich ihres allergenen und toxischen Potenzials Impfstoffen mit inaktiviertem CPV in aller Regel überlegen. Aus diesen Gründen werden MLV Impfstoffen aus inaktivierten Viren vorgezogen. In Deutschland und in den meisten anderen Ländern Europas sind heute ausschließlich MLV auf dem Markt verfügbar. Sie enthalten attenuiertes CPV-2 oder (seltener) CPV-2b und bieten einen kreuzprotektiven Schutz gegen die für den Hund im Feld relevanten Varianten CPV-2a, -2b, -2c. Wiederholungsimpfungen bei adulten Hunden mit MLV sollten frühestens alle 3 Jahre oder in längeren Intervallen (nach Bedarf bei fehlenden Antikörpern) durchgeführt werden. Dies gilt selbst dann, wenn der verwendete Impfstoff nur für eine 1- oder 2-Jahres-Intervall zugelassen ist. MLV-Produkte werden zur Impfung gesunder Hunde ab der 4. bis 6. Lebenswoche empfohlen. Ein Nachteil von MLV besteht in einer potenziellen Interferenz mit der Parvovirosediagnostik.
Neue Arzneimittel für Kleintiere 2020
Authors: Emmerich Ilka Ute
Published: April 2021

Im Jahr 2020 kam für Kleintiere ein neuer Wirkstoff auf den deutschen Tierarzneimittelmarkt: das ACTH-Analogon Tetracosactid zur Beurteilung der Nebennierenrindenfunktion bei Hunden. Zwei Wirkstoffe erhielten eine Tierartenerweiterung: Das dissoziative Anästhetikum Ketamin wurde auch für Hamster, Mäuse und Ratten zugelassen und das osmotische Laxans Lactulose auch für Hunde und Katzen. Auf den Markt kamen weiterhin 2 neue Wirkstoffkombination (Mometason + Terbinafin + Florfenicol, Sarolaner + Moxidectin + Pyrantel), ein Wirkstoff (Tetracain) in einer neuen Darreichungsform, ein Wirkstoff (Lidocain) in einer neuen Anwendungsart und eine kristalloide bilanzierte Vollelektrolytlösung mit einem potenziellen Basenexzess (BEpot) von 0 mmol/l für Kleintiere.
Frequency and Prognosis of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Variant III Mutations in Glioblastoma Multiforme among Indian Patients: A Single-Institution Study
Authors: Jose Wesley Mannirathil , Munirathnam Vinayak , Narendranath V. , Philip Arun , Keechilat Pavithran
Published: April 2021

Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a disease with poor outcome. Alterations or mutations in epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) are found in GBM and may be targeted to improve outcomes.

Aims We analyzed the frequency of EGFR variant III (vIII) mutations in patients with GBM and their outcomes after standard treatment.

Materials and Methods This is a retrospective study conducted in a single tertiary cancer center in south India. Forty patients with GBM who had their entire treatment done at this center were identified, and their primary tumor tissue blocks were retrieved. Genomic DNA was extracted, and molecular analysis was performed and analyzed. The results of mutational analysis were correlated with treatment outcome of the patients.

Statistical Analysis Survival outcome was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method. The log-rank test was used to assess the association between the groups and various parameters.

Results Our study showed a similar incidence of EGFR vIII alterations as published in world literature, but we did not find any difference in overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with EGFR vIII mutation compared with nonmutant cohort.

Conclusions Contrary to the existing literature which indicated EGFR vIII alterations to be a negative prognostic indicator, our study did not find it to be an independent predictor of prognosis among Indian GBM patients treated with present standard of care.
Explosive vaporization of metallic nanostructures on a surface by nanosecond laser heating under fluids
Authors: Prasad Sandireddy Venkatanarayana , Prasad Koirala Krishna , Duscher Gerd , Kalyanaraman Ramki
Published: April 2021

The rapid laser heating of materials beyond their boiling point has been associated with a variety of interesting phenomena, such as supersaturated vapor formation and explosive evaporation. Here, we study the nanosecond pulsed laser heating of Ag nanopyramids and thin films deposited on quartz substrates under various fluids. Rapid heating of Ag nanopyramids in vacuum demonstrated that a large fraction of the vaporized material was redeposited onto the substrate, confirming an explosive vaporization process. When the Ag nanostructures were heated under bulk fluids like water and glycerol, an increased localization of the vaporized material was observed. We hypothesize that the size of the bulk fluid’s vapor zone surrounding the metallic nanoparticles, which, in turn, is determined by the thermal diffusivity of the bounding fluid, confines the metal vaporization process. While a large amount of material is vaporized in this process, the redeposited material particles show a significant decrease in size and an increase in particle density, by nearly 250% in going from air to glycerol. This behavior of the metal vaporization under bounding fluids could be used to tailor the size and density of nanoparticles on a surface as well as investigate the highly non-equilibrium process of explosive vaporization.
A trust-region augmented Hessian implementation for restricted and unrestricted Hartree–Fock and Kohn–Sham methods
Authors: Helmich-Paris Benjamin
Published: April 2021

We present a new implementation of a trust-region augmented Hessian approach (TRAH-SCF) for restricted and unrestricted Hartree–Fock and Kohn–Sham methods. With TRAH-SCF, convergence can always be achieved even with tight convergence thresholds, which requires just a modest number of iterations. Our convergence benchmark study and our illustrative applications focus on open-shell molecules, also antiferromagnetically coupled systems, for which it is notoriously complicated to converge the Roothaan–Hall self-consistent field (SCF) equations. We compare the number of TRAH iterations to reach convergence with those of Pulay’s original and Kollmar’s (K) variants of the direct inversion of the iterative subspace (DIIS) method and also analyze the obtained SCF solutions. Often, TRAH-SCF finds a symmetry-broken solution with a lower energy than DIIS and KDIIS. For unrestricted calculations, this is accompanied by a larger spin contamination, i.e., larger deviation from the desired spin-restricted ⟨S2⟩ expectation value. However, there are also rare cases in which DIIS finds a solution with a lower energy than KDIIS and TRAH. In rare cases, both TRAH-SCF and KDIIS may also converge to a non-aufbau solution. For those calculations, standard DIIS always diverges. For cases that converge smoothly with either method, TRAH usually needs more iterations to converge than DIIS and KDIIS because for every new set of orbitals, the level-shifted Newton–Raphson equations are solved approximately and iteratively. In such cases, the total runtime of TRAH-SCF is still competitive with the DIIS-based approaches even if extended basis sets are employed, which is illustrated for a large hemocyanin model complex.
Discrete AlN mole fraction of n/12 (n = 4–8) in Ga-rich zones functioning as electron pathways created in nonflat AlGaN layers grown on high-miscut sapphire substrates
Authors: Nagasawa Yosuke , Hirano Akira , Ippommatsu Masamichi , Sako Hideki , Hashimoto Ai , Sugie Ryuichi , Honda Yoshio , Amano Hiroshi , Akasaki Isamu , Kojima Kazunobu , Chichibu Shigefusa F.
Published: April 2021

Ga-rich zones created along macrosteps in n-AlGaN plausibly function as electron pathways of AlGaN-based deep-ultraviolet (DUV) LEDs fabricated on AlN templates using 1.0°-miscut c(0001) sapphire substrates toward the m[1-100] axis. This work was performed to clarify AlN mole fractions (xAl) of Ga-rich zones. xAl ≃ (7/12, 6/12, and 5/12) was observed in Ga-rich zones in AlαGa1−αN (α ≃ 0.63, 0.55, and 0.43, respectively) by the method proposed in our previous article in which we showed that Ga-rich zones of Al8/12Ga4/12N were created in Al0.7Ga0.3N. xAl in the Ga-rich zones obtained from an energy-dispersive x-ray signal by scanning transmission electron microscopy calibrated by Rutherford backscattering well agreed with xAl obtained by cross-sectional cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy using scanning electron microscopy. A weak CL shoulder peak corresponding to Al4/12Ga8/12N was also observed for Al0.43Ga0.57N. In addition, xAl ≃ n/12 (n = 6–9) in Al-rich zones appeared in the rest of the Ga-rich zones. Furthermore, nanobeam electron diffraction patterns of the Ga-rich zones indicated a high possibility of a regular configuration of Ga and Al atoms on the c(0001) plane in our samples. Consequently, xAl values in nonflat AlGaN layers with macrosteps were often determined to be near n/12 (n: integer). Thus, Ga-rich zones (xAl = n/12: n = 4–8) formed in our nonflat AlGaN layers, which originated from the macrosteps along [11–20] edgelines normal to the m[1–100] axis, are suggested to be metastable. The creation of discrete xAl in Ga-rich zones should contribute to the stable production of DUV-LEDs using high-miscut sapphire substrates.
Coupled magnetic nanostructures: Engineering lattice configurations
Authors: Talapatra A. , Adeyeye A. O.
Published: April 2021

We present a systematic investigation of tunable magnetization dynamics of coupled magnetic nanostructures, arranged in one-dimensional arrays of horizontally and vertically coupled linear chains and in two-dimensional arrays of square artificial spin ice lattice. The spatial distribution of the demagnetization field is markedly sensitive to the lattice arrangement, leading to a significant modification of the collective behavior of static and dynamic properties of the arrays. Using ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy, the engineering of demagnetizing factors with various lattice arrangements has been established quantitatively. The signature of distinct spin wave modes, spatially localized in the constituent nanomagnets, was observed and tuned by the lattice arrangements and applied field orientation. The experimental results are well complemented with micromagnetic simulations.