bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Atmospheric Mass Loss of the Kepler-105 Planets Straddling the Radius Gap
Authors: Householder Aaron , Weiss Lauren M. , Owen James E. , Isaacson Howard , Howard Andrew W. , Fabrycky Daniel , Rogers Leslie A. , Schlichting Hilke E. , Fulton Benjamin J. , Petigura Erik A. , Giacalone Steven , Murphy Joseph M. Akana , Beard Corey , Chontos Ashley , Dai Fei , Van Zandt Judah , Lubin Jack , Rice Malena , Polanski Alex S. , Dalba Paul , Blunt Sarah , Turtelboom Emma V. , Rubenzahl Ryan , Brinkman Casey
Published: January 2024

An intriguing pattern among exoplanets is the lack of detected planets between approximately 1.5 R
⊕ and 2.0 R
⊕. One proposed explanation for this “radius gap” is the photoevaporation of planetary atmospheres, a theory that can be tested by studying individual planetary systems. Kepler-105 is an ideal system for such testing due to the ordering and sizes of its planets. Kepler-105 is a Sun-like star that hosts two planets straddling the radius gap in a rare architecture with the larger planet closer to the host star (R

b
= 2.53 ± 0.07 R
⊕, P

b
= 5.41 days, R

c
= 1.44 ± 0.04 R
⊕, P

c
= 7.13 days). If photoevaporation sculpted the atmospheres of these planets, then Kepler-105b would need to be much more massive than Kepler-105c to retain its atmosphere, given its closer proximity to the host star. To test this hypothesis, we simultaneously analyzed radial velocities and transit-timing variations of the Kepler-105 system, measuring disparate masses of M

b
= 10.8 ± 2.3 M
⊕ (ρ

b
= 3.68 ± 0.84 g cm−3) and M

c
= 5.6 ± 1.2 M
⊕ (ρ

c
= 10.4 ± 2.39 g cm−3). Based on these masses, the difference in gas envelope content of the Kepler-105 planets could be entirely due to photoevaporation (in 76% of scenarios), although other mechanisms like core-powered mass loss could have played a role for some planet albedos.
Compact Symmetric Objects. I. Toward a Comprehensive Bona Fide Catalog
Authors: Kiehlmann S. , Lister M. L. , Readhead A. C. S , Liodakis I. , O’Neill Sandra , Pearson T. J. , Sheldahl Evan , Siemiginowska Aneta , Tassis K. , Taylor G. B. , Wilkinson P. N.
Published: January 2024

Compact symmetric objects (CSOs) are jetted active galactic nuclei (AGN) with overall projected size <1 kpc. The classification was introduced to distinguish these objects from the majority of compact jetted AGN in centimeter-wavelength very long baseline interferometry observations, where the observed emission is relativistically boosted toward the observer. The original classification criteria for CSOs were (i) evidence of emission on both sides of the center of activity and (ii) overall size <1 kpc. However, some relativistically boosted objects with jet axes close to the line of sight appear symmetric and have been misclassified as CSOs, thereby undermining the CSO classification. This is because two essential CSO properties, pointed out in the original papers, have been neglected: (iii) low variability and (iv) low apparent speeds along the jets. As a first step toward creating a comprehensive catalog of “bona fide” CSOs, we identify 79 bona fide CSOs, including 15 objects claimed as confirmed CSOs here for the first time, that match the CSO selection criteria. This sample of bona fide CSOs can be used for astrophysical studies of CSOs without contamination by misclassified CSOs. We show that the fraction of CSOs in complete flux density limited AGN samples with S
5GHz > 700 mJy is between (6.8 ± 1.6)% and (8.5 ± 1.8)%.
Compact Symmetric Objects. II. Confirmation of a Distinct Population of High-luminosity Jetted Active Galaxies
Authors: Kiehlmann S. , Readhead A. C. S. , O’Neill S. , Wilkinson P. N. , Lister M. L. , Liodakis I. , Bruzewski S. , Pavlidou V. , Pearson T. J. , Sheldahl E. , Siemiginowska A. , Tassis K. , Taylor G. B.
Published: January 2024

Compact symmetric objects (CSOs) are compact (<1 kpc), jetted active galactic nuclei (AGN), whose jet axes are not aligned close to the line of sight, and whose observed emission is not predominantly relativistically boosted toward us. Two classes of CSOs have previously been identified: approximately one-fifth are edge dimmed and the rest are edge brightened. We designate these as CSO 1s and 2s, respectively. This paper focuses almost exclusively on CSO 2s. Using complete samples of CSO 2s we present three independent lines of evidence, based on their relative numbers, redshift distributions, and size distributions, which show conclusively that the vast majority (>99%) of CSO 2s do not evolve into larger-scale radio sources. These CSO 2s belong to a distinct population of jetted AGN, which should be characterized as “short-lived,” as opposed to “young,” compared to the classes of larger jetted AGN. We show that there is a sharp upper cutoff in the CSO 2 size distribution at ≈500 pc. The distinct differences between most CSO 2s and other jetted AGN provides a crucial new time domain window on the formation and evolution of relativistic jets in AGN and the supermassive black holes that drive them.
A Uniform Analysis of Debris Disks with the Gemini Planet Imager. I. An Empirical Search for Perturbations from Planetary Companions in Polarized Light Images
Authors: Crotts Katie A. , Matthews Brenda C. , Duchêne Gaspard , Esposito Thomas M. , Dong Ruobing , Hom Justin , Oppenheimer Rebecca , Rice Malena , Wolff Schuyler G. , Chen Christine H. , Do Ó Clarissa R. , Kalas Paul , Lewis Briley L. , Weinberger Alycia J. , Wilner David J. , Ammons Mark , Arriaga Pauline , De Rosa Robert J. , Debes John H. , Fitzgerald Michael P. , Gonzales Eileen C. , Hines Dean C. , Hinkley Sasha , Hughes A. Meredith , Kolokolova Ludmilla , Lee Eve J. , López Ronald A. , Macintosh Bruce , Mazoyer Johan , Metchev Stanimir , Millar-Blanchaer Maxwell A. , Nielsen Eric L. , Patience Jenny , Perrin Marshall D. , Pueyo Laurent , Rantakyrö Fredrik T. , Ren Bin B. , Schneider Glenn , Soummer Remi , Stark Christopher C.
Published: January 2024

The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) has excelled in imaging debris disks in the near-infrared. The GPI Exoplanet Survey imaged 24 debris disks in polarized H-band light, while other programs observed half of these disks in polarized J and/or K1 bands. Using these data, we present a uniform analysis of the morphology of each disk to find asymmetries suggestive of perturbations, particularly those due to planet–disk interactions. The multiwavelength surface brightness, disk color, and geometry permit the identification of any asymmetries such as warps or disk offsets from the central star. We find that 19 of the disks in this sample exhibit asymmetries in surface brightness, disk color, disk geometry, or a combination of the three, suggesting that for this sample, perturbations, as seen in scattered light, are common. The relationship between these perturbations and potential planets in the system is discussed. We also explore correlations among stellar temperatures, ages, disk properties, and observed perturbations. We find significant trends between the vertical aspect ratio and the stellar temperature, disk radial extent, and the dust grain size distribution power law, q. We also confirm a trend between the disk color and stellar effective temperature, where the disk becomes increasingly red/neutral with increasing temperature. Such results have important implications for the evolution of debris disk systems around stars of various spectral types.
Period–Luminosity–Metallicity–Color Relations of Late-type Contact Binaries in the Big Data Era
Authors: Song Lian-Yun , Tian Zhi-Jia
Published: January 2024

Binary stars ubiquitous throughout the Universe are important. Contact binaries (CBs) possessing period–luminosity (PL) relations could be adopted as distance tracers. The PL relations of CBs are influenced by metallicity abundance and color index, which are connected to both the radius and luminosity of stars. Here we propose fine relations of the period–luminosity–metallicity–color (PLZC) from the ultraviolet to infrared bands based on current surveys. The accuracy of the distance estimation is 6% and 8%, respectively, depending on the PLZC relations of the CBs in the infrared and optical bands of the collected data. PLZC models are still more accurate than PLC models in determining intrinsic luminosity, notwithstanding their limited improvement. Meanwhile, these relations based on synthetic photometry are also calibrated. On the basis of the synthetic photometry, a 6% accuracy of distance is estimated. The measured or synthetic data of PLZC or PLC relations in infrared bands comes first in the list of suggestions for distance estimations and is followed by the measured data of optical bands.
A Radio Technosignature Search of Six Resonant Sub-Neptunes Orbiting HD 110067
Authors: Choza Carmen , Croft Steve , Siemion Andrew P. V. , Sheikh Sofia , Lebofsky Matthew , MacMahon David H. E. , Drew Jamie , Worden S. Pete
Published: January 2024

We describe archival observations and analysis of the HD 110067 planetary system using the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) as part of the Breakthrough Listen search for technosignatures. The star hosts six sub-Neptune planets in resonant orbits, and we tune the drift rate range of our search to match the properties of the system derived by Luque et al. Our observations cover frequencies from 1 to 11.2 GHz, using the GBT’s L, S, C, and X-band receivers, to an equivalent isotropic radiated power limit of ∼3 × 1012 W. No technosignatures were found, but this unusual system remains an interesting target for future technosignature searches.
The distribution of ideals whose norm divides $ n $ in the Gaussian ring
Authors: Wei Tong
Published: January 2024

Let $ O_{K} = \mathbb{Z}[i] $. For each positive integer $ n $, denote $ \xi_{K}(n) $ as the number of integral ideals whose norm divides $ n $ in $ O_{K} $. In this paper, we studied the distribution of ideals whose norm divides $ n $ in $ O_{K} $ by using the Selberg-Delange method. This is a natural variant of a result studied by Deshouillers, Dress, and Tenenbaum (often called the DDT Theorem), and we found that the distribution function was subject to beta distribution with density $ \sqrt{3}/(2\pi\sqrt[3]{u^{2}(1-u)}) $.
La Vila do Castelo (Guimarães): perspectivas de un espacio desaparecido
Authors: Ferreira Antero , Salgado Filipe
Published: January 2024

El Castillo de Guimarães es uno de los símbolos identitarios más importantes de Portugal, el cual ha sido clasificado el 19 de marzo de 1881, como monumento histórico de primera clase. Durante el siglo XIX, fueron varias las tentativas que realizó la Cámara Municipal (Câmara Municipal) para proteger el monumento de la degradación del paso del tiempo y se procedió a intervenir en el espacio circundante, posibilitando su disfrute por parte de la población.
En el ámbito de las celebraciones que conmemoran el Centenario de la Fundación y la Restauración de Portugal (1940), el Estado portugués se comprometió a recuperar el conjunto monumental. Este proyecto supuso la expropiación y demolición de los edificios de una serie de calles, de las que hoy no existe memoria.
Partiendo de la complementariedad de la cartografía anterior a la demolición con fuentes geohistóricas e históricas seriadas, como los registros fiscales de propiedad y las listas de habitantes, procuramos recuperar la imagen de un espacio de la ciudad de Guimarães, que, en el inicio del siglo XX, fue objeto de una profunda transformación urbanística.
The Scientific Moment of the Bergsonian Method
Authors: Lipsanen Katariina
Published: January 2024

This paper explores the role of scientific knowledge from the perspective of Henri Bergson’s philosophical method. For Bergson, scientific knowledge plays a key part in philosophy. He presents his philosophical method as having two moments, the first of which is scientific. The scientific moment means exploring existing scientific studies on the subject matter at hand, before engaging in what Bergson calls a “properly philosophical” moment. Following Bergson’s criticism of positivism, we can ask: Are the facts left purely in the hands of the sciences? Are they simply taken as given without any contribution from philosophy? And how is the scientific moment connected to the second and truly philosophical moment of the methodology? I argue that the role of scientific knowledge can be best captured with the help of Bergson’s concept of lines of facts (lignes de faits). The scientific moment forms the necessary positive basis of any philosophical study, and the “lines of facts” illustrate the philosophical contribution to the scientific facts that form it.
Introduction to Quantum Computing and Its Integration Applications
Authors: Khang Alex , Abdullayev Vugar , Alyar Abuzarova Vusala , Khalilov Matlab , Ragimova Nazila Ali , Niu Yitong
Published: January 2024

As humans continue to evolve, they discover new worlds. One of them is the Quantum World, one of the main discoveries of the last century. The Quantum World, which is the world of subatomic particles, has gone through great development stages since its first discovery. This process, which started with quantum physics, continues with the application and study of quanta in many different fields. One of the main fields that use the possibilities of quantum theory and quantum mechanics is the field of computer technologies. Today is an era in which the quantum computer, which is considered to be the next generation of computers, continues to be improved. This innovation, which can advance the era of classic computers to the next level, will guide the future technology sector. In the chapter, a very short version of the long history of evolution from the creation of the universe to quantum theory and finally to quantum computing is mentioned, and the main parts of this theory that most need to be known are mentioned.
Steroid prescribing practices for mildly symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 patients, among doctors of selected Sri Lankan hospitals
Authors: Ruwanpathirana P. S. , Amanda H. , Aravinthan M. , Abhayaratna S.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Effects of infection by SARS-COV-2 virus (COVID-19) range from asymptomatic infection to respiratory failure with multi-organ dysfunction. Steroids are indicated in patients with severe pneumonia, who require oxygen supplementation. There is evidence of harm if steroids are given for asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients.Objectives: This study assesses the steroid prescribing practices among Sri Lankan doctors for mildly symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 patients.Methodology: This clinical survey was conducted during 20/11/2021 to 15/03/2022 using an electronic questionnaire, sent to doctors in 16 hospitals, representing all provinces of Sri Lanka. Doctors who have not treated nor advised patients with COVID-19 were excluded.Results: Hundred and thirty-five participants were incorporated into the study. The mean age was 33.7 years (SD=7.82). The majority did not prescribe steroids routinely for asymptomatic (n=132, 97.8%) and mildly symptomatic (n=124, 91.9%) COVID-19. Dexamethasone was the most prescribed steroid. Doctors who treated COVID-19 patients in the private sector were more likely to prescribe steroids for mild symptoms (p=0.016). The majority (n=101, 81.5%) identified a decrease of oxygen saturation to below 94% on room air as an indication to start steroids.Conclusions: Most of the study participants adhered to the recommended guidelines and refrained from prescribing steroids in mildly symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 patients.
The unsteady man
Authors: Udupihille J. J. K. H. , Gawarammana I. B.
Published: January 2024

No abstract available
Effect of Combined Application of Hydrofluoric and Phosphoric Acids and Active Irrigation with a Microbrush on Shear Bond Strength of Lithium Disilicate Ceramics to Enamel
Authors: Hatami Masoud , Massoumi Farhood , Safarian Mohammad Sadegh
Published: January 2024

Background:

This study assessed the effect of combined application of hydrofluoric (HF) acid and phosphoric acid (PA) and active irrigation (AI) with a microbrush on shear bond strength (SBS) of lithium disilicate (LDS) ceramics to enamel.

Materials and Methods:

This in vitro study was conducted on 40 extracted teeth that received enamel preparation with a #12 cylindrical bur. Forty IPS e.max LT rods (3mm diameter, 6mm height) were fabricated and randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10) for surface treatment with 5% HF (group 1), 5% HF and AI with a microbrush for 20 seconds (group 2), 5% HF and 32% PA (group 3), and 5% HF and 32% PA plus AI with a microbrush for 20 seconds (group 4). Silane and Choice 2 cement were used for bonding rods to enamel. The SBS was measured by a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Bonferroni, and Chi-square tests (alpha = 0.05).

Results:

Group 4 had the highest SBS, and group 1 had the lowest SBS (P < 0.05). Group 2 had a significantly higher SBS than group 1, and group 4 had a significantly higher SBS than group 3. AI with a microbrush significantly increased the SBS (P < 0.05), but the application of PA caused no significant change in SBS (P > 0.05). The interaction effect of PA and AI on SBS was not significant (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

The application of PA in addition to 5% HF acid caused no significant change in the SBS of LDS ceramic to enamel. However, AI with a microbrush significantly increased the SBS.
A systematic review of the effect of cochlear implantation on cognition in pre-lingual children
Authors: Upadhya Sushmitha , Chinnaraj Geetha
Published: January 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of the current study was to summarize existing literature on cognitive outcomes in children with cochlear implant (CI) using behavioral and electrophysiological methods.

Method:

The study used a literature search on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases using appropriate keywords. After a thorough full-length review, articles were selected based on the study objectives. The selected articles underwent quality analysis using a critical appraisal skills programme (CASP) questionnaire, and 34 articles were finalized for review.

Result:

The review gave an insight into cognitive outcomes in children with CI. In all the behavioral nonverbal cognitive tests, children with CI showed cognitive development similar to that of normal-hearing children. Cognitive scores showed a modality-specific result. Tasks requiring visual modality such as visual memory were not affected in children with CI even before the implantation. Whereas tasks using the auditory modality showed poorer scores in implanted children. Over the years, implanted children were on par with normal-hearing children in most of the cognitive domains except higher domains such as reasoning. However, in electrophysiological tests, varied results were found.

Conclusion:

Cochlear implants provide not only a long-term sensory benefit but also help in improving the overall cognition of children. The study also focuses on the importance of early implantation and suitable rehabilitation for appropriate cognitive development.
An objective comparison of speech intelligibility and quality of hearing aid of different companies
Authors: Gowthami Basappanapalya Nataraju , Nisha Kavassery Venkateswaran , Uppunda Ajith Kumar
Published: January 2024

Purpose:

This study aimed to verify the intelligibility and quality of hearing aid-processed speech across companies through objective measures. The output of hearing aids programmed to different prescriptive formulae (Company fit, NAL NL 1, NAL NL 2, and DSLv5) across companies (Company I, Company II, Company III, Company IV, and Company V) were recorded and stored in the sound level meter connected to the manikin.

Materials and Methods:

Offline analysis of speech quality of the recorded speech was done using the Hearing Aid Speech Quality Index (HASQI), the intelligibilty was measured using the Hearing Aid Speech Perception Index (HASPI) and Speech Intelligibility Index (SII), and Long-Term Average Speech Spectrum (LTASS) was used to measure the spectral composition of speech.

Results:

When the companies are compared, the hearing aid of Company V showed significantly higher SII values for all prescriptive formulae indicative of better speech intelligibility provided by Company V hearing aids. In terms of speech quality, all the hearing aids showed similar HASQI values.

Conclusions:

The reasons for each of these findings are highlighted and recommendations for best practices on the use of objective measures for verifying the hearing aid output in clinical setups are suggested.
Working memory task performance in a simulated peripheral sensory-motor deficit
Authors: Gafoor Shezeen Abdul , Jagadeesh Anoop Basavanahalli , Uppunda Ajith Kumar
Published: January 2024

Purpose:

The study observed the effects of oral anesthesia (a simulated sensory-motor deficit) on auditory working memory task performance.

Materials and Methods:

In a total of 19 neurotypical young adults, we compared backward digit (BD) spans measured when the primary oro-motor structures were anesthetized (sensory-motor deficit simulation) with those measured without the oral anesthetic (control condition). In a subsequent experiment on a subset of the participants, we also measured the rate of speech (words per second) in the two conditions.

Result:

Paired t tests showed that anesthetization of the oro-motor structures significantly reduced performance in both the BD span and the rate of speech experiments in our participants.

Conclusions:

The worsening of both BD spans (likely due to the affected rehearsal mechanism) and rate of speech (likely due to the sluggish movement of the articulators as an aftereffect of the oral anesthesia) reinforce the notion that sensory-motor feedback achieved via subvocal articulatory rehearsals, a constituent of the phonological loop of the working memory system, contributes to the individuals’ working memory task performances.
Influence of auditory working memory in discriminating children with good musical abilities from children with poor musical abilities
Authors: Sampath Sridhar , Neelamegarajan Devi
Published: January 2024

Purpose:

Musical abilities are associated with the perception of complex acoustic features in an auditory scene, which requires a good load of cognitive processing. Musical sleepers (individuals with good musical abilities without formal music training) were proven to be in adults, and their enhanced cognitive abilities were established, but such a phenomenon in children is not explored yet. Hence, the present study was carried out to assess auditory working memory (AWM) abilities in children with widespread musical abilities.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-nine children within the age range of 7–13 years participated in the study. The children’s musical abilities were assessed using the Montreal Battery for Evaluation of Musical Abilities and scores were recorded. Sixteen and thirteen children were categorized into individuals with good and poor musical abilities, respectively, based on the 50th percentile score as the cutoff. The tests for AWM, such as forward span, backward span, and N-back, were administered.

Results:

Point biserial correlation showed that groups had a significant positive association with forward span (r= 0.65;P= 0.00), backward span test (r= 0.41;P= 0.02), and N-back test (r= 0.70;P= 0.00). Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) indicated a significant main effect of groups, and post hoc analysis showed that children with good musical abilities outperformed the ones with poor musical abilities in all three working memory measures. Further, Fisher’s discriminant analysis revealed that the N-back test, with discriminant coefficient of 0.75, is the best auditory-cognitive predictor of musical abilities in children.

Conclusions:

Children who had no musical training exhibited better musical ability. This may be mediated by improved AWM, but an additional investigation into the relationship between musical aptitude and other psychophysical abilities in children without musical training is necessary.
A systematic review of auditory processing abilities in children with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate
Authors: Banumathi  , Jain Chandni
Published: January 2024

Purpose:

The present systematic review aims to understand auditory processing abilities in children with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P). The review summarizes questionnaire, behavioral, and electrophysiological findings of auditory processing abilities in children with NSCL/P.

Method:

The study used a literature search of electronic databases (e.g., Pub Med, Google Scholar, J Stage, Research Gate, ScienceDirect) and the AIISH repository from 2000 to 2021. The retrieved articles were assessed in two stages: title and abstract screening, followed by a full-length article review. About 13 articles were selected after the full-length review of 17 shortlisted articles. All selected studies used cohort design.

Result:

The review showed that speech perception in noise and temporal processing were the majorly affected processing abilities in children with NSCL/P. The review also showed that cleft palate children are more prone to auditory processing deficits than other cleft subgroups. These auditory processing deficits in NSCL/P children may cause delayed speech and language skills, reading, and learning disabilities, which are highly reported in these children.

Conclusion:

Auditory processing evaluation should be a part of the audiological test battery for these children to promote early diagnosis and management.
Pulmonary microvascular metastases in cervical carcinoma
Authors: Vaideeswar P , Aswani Y , Damani S , Singaravel S
Published: January 2024

Pulmonary microvascular tumor embolism (PMTE), pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy (PTTM), and lymphangitis carcinomatosis (LC) have an intricate pathophysiology and usually occur with cancers of breast, stomach, and lung. Microvascular pulmonary metastases attributable to cervical cancer are a rarity. Clinical presentation and autopsy findings of patients with microvascular pulmonary metastases in cervical cancers were studied with a review of literature. Four patients (mean age of 55.5 years) with carcinoma cervix showed microvascular metastases. Three of whom presented with respiratory symptoms, and the fourth case was unresponsive on presentation. Each patient succumbed to their illness shortly after admission. Autopsy examination performed on each patient depicted varying combination of PMTE, PTTM, and LC, all with squamous histology. This case series highlights the rare association of carcinoma cervix with the aforementioned microvascular phenomena. Besides, it underscores the sequential mechanism of occurrence of microvascular pulmonary metastasis and the associated guarded prognosis.
Prevalence and correlates of cyberchondria among professionals working in the information technology sector in Chennai, India
Authors: Makarla S , Gopichandran V , Tondare D
Published: January 2024

Background:

Cyberchondria is the excessive searching of online health information that leads to anxiety and distress. There is scarce information about its prevalence in low and middle-income country settings.

Objectives:

The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence and factors influencing cyberchondria among employees working in the information technology sector in India.

Methods:

An emailed questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 205 employees working in various information technology firms in and around Chennai. The data were analyzed using nonhierarchical k-means cluster analysis to group participants with and without cyberchondria on its four subdomains. The association of cyberchondria with general mental health as measured by the General Health Questionnaire 12 was studied using independent sample t-test. Logistic regression analysis was performed to study the association between general mental health and cyberchondria after adjusting for sociodemographic covariates.

Results:

The prevalence of cyberchondria was 55.6%. The dominant pattern was excessiveness of online searching, requirement of reassurance followed by distress due to health anxiety, and compulsivity. Cyberchondria was negatively associated with general mental health (adj. OR 0.923; 95% CI 0.882–0.967) after adjusting for age, sex, education, and years of service.

Conclusions:

Cyberchondria is an emerging public mental health problem in India. Since it is associated with poor mental health, measures need to be adopted to evaluate, prevent, and treat it at the population level.
Ablation of atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia in a patient with left-sided superior vena cava and dilated coronary sinus
Authors: Deshpande SA , Udyavar AR
Published: January 2024

Atrioventricular (AV)-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia is a rare association in a patient with persistent left-sided superior vena cava and dilated coronary sinus. There are a few inherent difficulties in ablation in this condition, viz., difficulty in localization of good site for ablation and difficulty in stabilization of the ablation catheter at the designated site, making it difficult to produce transmural lesions and increasing risk of producing AV block. We hereby present a case highlighting the difficulties and possible solutions for them.
Respectful maternity care during childbirth in India
Authors: Ansari H , Yeravdekar R
Published: January 2024

Background:

Respectful maternity care is a rightful expectation of women. However, disrespectful maternity care is prevalent in various settings. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to identify various forms of ill-treatment, determinants, and pooled prevalence of disrespectful maternity care in India.

Methods:

A systematic review was performed in various databases. After quality assessment, seven studies were included. Pooled prevalence was estimated using the inverse variance method and the random-effects model using Review Manager Software.

Results:

Individual study prevalence ranged from 20.9% to 100%. The overall pooled prevalence of disrespectful maternity care was 71.31% (95% CI 39.84–102.78). Pooled prevalence in community-based studies was 77.32% (95% CI 56.71–97.93), which was higher as compared to studies conducted in health facilities, this being 65.38% (95% CI 15.76–115.01). The highest reported form of ill-treatment was non-consent (49.84%), verbal abuse (25.75%) followed by threats (23.25%), physical abuse (16.96%), and discrimination (14.79%). Besides, other factors identified included lack of dignity, delivery by unqualified personnel, lack of privacy, demand for informal payments, and lack of basic infrastructure, hygiene, and sanitation. The determinants identified for disrespect and abuse were sociocultural factors including age, socioeconomic status, caste, parity, women autonomy, empowerment, comorbidities, and environmental factors including infrastructural issues, overcrowding, ill-equipped health facilities, supply constraints, and healthcare access.

Results:

Individual study prevalence ranged from 20.9% to 100%. The overall pooled prevalence of disrespectful maternity care was 71.31% (95% CI 39.84–102.78). Pooled prevalence in community-based studies was 77.32% (95% CI 56.71–97.93), which was higher as compared to studies conducted in health facilities, this being 65.38% (95% CI 15.76–115.01). The highest reported form of ill-treatment was non-consent (49.84%), verbal abuse (25.75%) followed by threats (23.25%), physical abuse (16.96%), and discrimination (14.79%). Besides, other factors identified included lack of dignity, delivery by unqualified personnel, lack of privacy, demand for informal payments, and lack of basic infrastructure, hygiene, and sanitation. The determinants identified for disrespect and abuse were sociocultural factors including age, socioeconomic status, caste, parity, women autonomy, empowerment, comorbidities, and environmental factors including infrastructural issues, overcrowding, ill-equipped health facilities, supply constraints, and healthcare access.

Conclusion:

The high prevalence of disrespectful maternity care indicates an urgent need to improve maternity care in India by making it more respectful, dignified, and women-centered. Interventions, policies, and programs should be implemented that will protect the fundamental rights of women.
Effect of testosterone replacement therapy on insulin sensitivity and body composition in congenital hypogonadism
Authors: Reddy KCO , Yadav SB
Published: January 2024

Aims:

To evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and whole-body composition in patients with congenital hypogonadism and investigate the effects of replacement therapy with testosterone undecanoate on MS, insulin resistance (IR), and whole-body composition in subset of patients.

Methods:

In a single arm prospective longitudinal intervention study, 33 patients with congenital hypogonadism, ages 20–39 years, were recruited and their parameters of MS, whole-body composition by DXA were compared with age and BMI matched healthy controls. In 21 patients, after 9 months we prospectively studied the effect (pre–post difference) of injection testosterone undecanoate (1,000 mg) replacement on MS, IR, and whole-body compositions.

Results:

The prevalence of MS was similar in patients and controls (27.3% vs. 9.1%, P = 0.05). Hypogonadism patients had higher prevalence of hypertension (33% vs. 3%, P < 0.01). Patients had decrease in lean body mass (P < 0.05) as compared to controls. After testosterone replacement, there was significant decrease in waist circumference (88.6 ± 13.1 cm vs. 83.9 ± 12.9 cm, P < 0.01), truncal fat (25.9 ± 7.3% vs. 24.0 ± 6.3%, P < 0.05), fasting C-peptide (2.1 ± 0.79 ng/ml vs. 0.68 ± 0.23 ng/ml, P < 0.01), serum proinsulin [1.43 (0.32– 13.4) vs. 0.5 (0.5–3.2) pmol/l, P < 0.001] and a significant increase in lean body mass (46,906 ± 8,876 gm vs. 50,083 ± 7,590 gm, P < 0.001). Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (4.6 ± 1.7 vs. 0.5 ± 0.2, P < 0.001) and homeostatic model for assessment of insulin sensitivity (HOMA%S) [21 (12–65) vs. 206 (125–714), P < 0.001] were improved significantly following testosterone replacement.

Conclusion:

In this study, 36 weeks of testosterone replacement resulted in significant decrease in waist circumference, IR, truncal fat, total body fat and improvement in lean body mass, and insulin sensitivity.
Workplace violence against doctors
Authors: Kumari A , Kaur T , Ranjan P , Chopra S , Sarkar S , Baitha U
Published: January 2024

Workplace violence is a major occupational issue concerning doctors that has a significant impact on their physical and psychological well-being. This ultimately affects the health care services of the country. Patient-led episodes of verbal violence are more prevalent in Asian countries, especially in the emergency department, psychiatric wards, and intensive care units, mostly faced by junior doctors and residents. Some common precursors of violence against doctors are patients and their attendants' dissatisfaction and low impulse control, poor administration, miscommunication, infrastructural issues especially differences in services between private and public hospitals, and negative media portrayal of doctors. The assessment of risk factors, development and implementation of workplace violence programs, and addressing underreporting of violent episodes have been suggested as some successful organizational mitigation strategies. Recommendations on the management of workplace violence include the development of participative, gender-based, culture-based, nondiscriminatory, and systematic strategies to deal with issues related to violence. This article aims to present a comprehensive review of workplace violence against doctors, discussing the prevalence, degree of violence, predictors, impact on physical and psychological health and intervention strategies to devise practical actions against workplace violence.
Performance Challenges in a Newly Established Clean Room at Omid Hospital, Isfahan, Iran: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Vaez Mehrnaz , Sharifi Mehran , Karimi Sahar , Moghaddas Azadeh
Published: January 2024

Objective:

This study aimed to comprehensively assess the challenges faced by a newly established clean room in the oncology center of Omid Hospital, Isfahan, Iran, one of the first of its kind in the country. The research also sought to identify the underlying causes of these challenges and propose potential solutions to address them.

Methods:

A 6-month cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2021 to May 2022. International guidelines such as British Columbia Cancer Agencies’ guideline of hazardous drugs, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health guideline for working with hazardous drugs, and United States pharmacopeia related to cleanroom performance were studied, translated, and summarized into a checklist. The staff performance in Omid Hospital’s clean room was compared to the data collection form, and all medication errors were documented and analyzed. The study also explained the underlying causes of these challenges and proposed potential solutions.

Findings:

Among 1005 chemotherapy regimens, 836 errors were detected, stemming from issues such as engineering and construction challenges, lack of human resources and essential equipment, and budgetary constraints.

Conclusion:

Despite the involvement of a trained oncology clinical pharmacist, Omid Hospital’s cleanroom faces significant challenges within the medical and hospital system, leading to non-standard challenges. The study recommends multidisciplinary approaches in the hospital to mitigate these challenges and improve cleanroom performance.
Comparing Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, Modified Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II and Poisoning Severity Score for Outcome Prediction of Pesticide Poisoned Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Dorooshi Gholamali , Samsamshariat Shiva , Gheshlaghi Farzad , Zoofaghari Shafeajafar , Hasanzadeh Akbar , Abbasi Saeed , Eizadi-Mood Nastaran
Published: January 2024

Objective:

This study aimed to assess the severity of poisoning, various scoring systems, including Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II), Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II), Modified APACHE II, and poisoning severity score (PSS) were used. In this study, we compared the predictive value of these scoring systems on the outcome of pesticide-poisoned patients.

Methods:

This is a cross-sectional study of pesticide-poisoned patients (140 patients) who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Khorshid Hospital, Isfahan, Iran, between January 2015 and 2019. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve and the predictive value of scoring systems were compared.

Findings:

Poisoning was higher in the male population (72.8%). The causes of poisoning were paraquat, (38.6%), aluminum phosphide, (32.1%), and organophosphate, (29.3%). The mean age of the patients was 33.9 years. Most patients (79.3%) attempted suicide. The mortality rate was 46.43%. The mean of “SOFA score,” “APACHE II,” “SAPS II,” “Modified APACHE II,” and “PSS” was 5.9; 15.7; 30.02; 15.8; and 1.9, respectively. There was a significant difference in the mean of all scoring systems for outcome prediction. Among all scoring systems, the SAPS II score with the cutoff point (16.5) had the best criteria for outcome prediction (AUC (0.831 ± 0.037), sensitivity (83.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [71.7–91.2]), specificity (75.7%, 95% CI: [64.3–84.9]), positive predictive values (75.0%, 95% CI: [66.4–82.0]), negative predictive values (83.6%, 95% CI: [74.5–89.9]).

Conclusion:

The SAPS II scoring system may be a suitable indicator for outcome predictions in pesticide-poisoned patients in the ICU.
Risk factors for corneal endothelial cell loss after phacoemulsification
Authors: Lee Natalie Si-Yi , Ong Keith
Published: January 2024

PURPOSE:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in corneal endothelial cell density (CECD) occurring after cataract phacoemulsification surgery and identify factors associated with cell loss.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This was a retrospective study involving patients who underwent cataract phacoemulsification surgery between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2018, at two private hospitals. Demographic data and biometric parameters were obtained preoperatively. Ultrasound metrics were recorded for each operation, including total on time (TOT), total equivalent power in position 3, and cumulative dissipated energy (CDE). Using corneal specular microscopy, CECD was measured preoperatively and postoperatively at 12, 24, and 36 months. Factors associated with decreased CECD were identified.

RESULTS:

This study included 223 eyes of 133 patients. The mean CECD was 2530.03 ± 285.42 cells/mm2 preoperatively and significantly decreased to 2364.22 ± 386.98 cells/mm2 at 12 months (P < 0.001), 2292.32 ± 319.72 cells/mm2 at 24 months (P < 0.001), and 2242.85 ± 363.65 cells/mm2 at 36 months (P < 0.001). The amount of cell loss was associated with age, gender, preoperative CECD, preoperative anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, TOT, and CDE. Using multivariate analysis, age, preoperative CECD, and TOT were identified as independent predictors for CECD loss 12 months after surgery.

CONCLUSION:

The greatest decrease in CECD occurred during the first year after cataract surgery, and the amount of cell loss was influenced by both baseline patient characteristics and ultrasound metrics. Longer-term prospective studies in a larger cohort may yield more information.
Transparencia en YouTube para la comunicación del riesgo del radón
Authors: Sixto-García José , García-Orosa Berta , González-Lois Eladio , Pascual-Presa Noel
Published: January 2024

Introducción: La evidencia científica ha demostrado la relación entre la exposición al radón en entornos interiores y el cáncer de pulmón. Por esta razón, el gas radón se considera una amenaza para la salud pública. Además, se ha confirmado que YouTube es una fuente de información médica. Metodología: Esta investigación examina YouTube como un medio para la difusión global de información sobre el radón. Se identifican todos los canales que contienen videos sobre este gas, junto con las áreas geográficas en las que operan, el idioma que utilizan para transmitir, el número de suscriptores y la cantidad de visualizaciones que acumulan. Utilizando una muestra de canales específicamente centrados en el radón, se examina la presencia de este tema en YouTube mediante un modelo metodológico que explora temas, narrativas y estrategias de difusión. Resultados: Los resultados revelan la ausencia de cámaras de eco y la falta de conciencia en esta red social con respecto a los problemas de salud pública relacionados con el gas radón. Discusión y Conclusiones: El estudio destaca la presencia limitada de vídeos relacionados con el radón en YouTube, con una predominancia de contenido en inglés, que restringe la accesibilidad en regiones no anglófonas. Los canales sobre el radón infrautilizan las funciones de YouTube y carecen de participación de la comunidad, revelando una brecha significativa en el reconocimiento del radón como un problema de salud pública en la plataforma. Aunque algunos canales exitosos demuestran buenas prácticas, la conciencia general sigue siendo insuficiente.
Сравнение чисто жадного и ортогонального жадного алгоритмов
Authors: Vishnevetskiy Kirill Sergeevich
Published: January 2024

Получены условия на словарь в гильбертовом пространстве, необходимые или достаточные для совпадения чисто жадного и ортогонального жадного алгоритмов относительно этого словаря.
Библиография: 3 названия.
О решениях одномерной задачи Гольдштика
Authors: Baskov Oleg Vladimirovich , Potapov Dmitriy Konstantinovich
Published: January 2024

Рассматривается одномерный аналог математической модели отрывных течений
несжимаемой жидкости Гольдштика. Модель представляет собой краевую
задачу для обыкновенного дифференциального уравнения второго порядка
с разрывной правой частью. Установлены некоторые свойства решений изучаемой
задачи, а также свойства функционала энергии при различных значениях завихренности.
Методом пристрелки найдено приближенное решение исследуемой краевой задачи.
Библиография: 25 названий.
Два контрастных примера многомерных дифференциальных систем с ляпуновской крайней неустойчивостью
Authors: Bondarev Alexey Andreevich
Published: January 2024

Конструктивно, на конкретных примерах доказывается, что в неодномерном случае из ляпуновской крайней неустойчивости, т.е. из свойства покидания любого наперед заданного компакта фазовыми кривыми всех ненулевых достаточно близко к нулю начинающихся решений дифференциальной системы, не следует сколь угодное удаление от нуля этих решений при неограниченном росте времени в перроновском и верхнепредельном смыслах. А именно, у одной из этих систем помимо ляпуновской крайней неустойчивости, тем не менее, вообще все решения стремятся к нулю, а у другой - делятся на два типа: все ненулевые решения, начинающиеся в замкнутом единичном шаре, стремятся к бесконечности по норме, а все остальные - наоборот к нулю. Обе построенные в работе системы обладают к тому же и нулевым первым приближением вдоль нулевого решения.
Библиография: 14 названий.
Периодические меры Гиббса и их экстремальность для модели $\mathrm{HC}$-Блюма-Капеля
в случае "жезл" с химическим потенциалом на дереве Кэли
Authors: Khatamov Nosirzhon Muidinovich
Published: January 2024

В данной работе изучены периодические меры Гиббса для модели $\mathrm{HC}$-Блюма-Капеля в случае
"жезл" с химическим потенциалом c параметрами $(\theta,\eta)$ на дереве Кэли. Доказано,
что в этом случае при $\theta^3\leqslant\eta$ существуют ровно три периодические меры Гиббса,
являющиеся трансляционно-инвариантными, а при $\theta^3>\eta$ существуют ровно три
периодические меры Гиббса, одна из которых является трансляционно-инвариантной, две другие
периодическими (не трансляционно-инвариантными) с периодом два. Кроме того, изучена задача
(не)экстремальности этих мер.
Библиография: 30 названий.
О точных $L^p$-оценках преобразования Фурье
поверхностных мер
Authors: Ikromov Isroil Akramovich , Ikromova Dildora
Published: January 2024

В данной работе мы рассмотрим оценки преобразования Фурье мер,
сосредоточенных на гладких поверхностях $S\subset \mathbb{R}^3$,
заданных графиком гладкой функции, имеющей простые особенности
Арнольда, причем в некоторой точке обе главные кривизны поверхности
обращаются в нуль. Доказано, что если кратность
критической точки функции, графиком которой является поверхность,
не превосходит $7$, то для любого $p>3$ преобразование Фурье
соответствующих поверхностных мер
принадлежит $L^{p}(\mathbb{R}^3)$. Заметим,
что для любой гладкой поверхности преобразование Фурье
нетривиальной поверхностной меры с компактным носителем
не принадлежит $L^3(\mathbb{R}^3)$,
т.е. полученная $L^p(\mathbb{R}^3)$-оценка точна. Более того,
существует функция, имеющая особенность типа $E_8$
(кратность критической точки функции равна $8$), такая,
что преобразование Фурье соответствующей поверхностной меры
не принадлежит $L^{22/7}(\mathbb{R}^3)$, что показывает
точность оценки для кратности критической точки.
Библиография: 19 названий.
Соединения Холлидея в множестве молекул ДНК для новых трансляционно-инвариантных мер Гиббса модели Поттса
Authors: Khatamov Nosirzhon Muidinovich , Malikova Nematulli Naimdjana ugli
Published: January 2024

Молекула ДНК рассматривается как конфигурация модели Поттса на путях дерева Кэли. Для этой модели изучаются новые трансляционно-инвариантные меры Гиббса. Найдены точные значения параметра, устанавливающего единственность трансляционно-инвариантных мер Гиббса. Каждая такая мера описывает состояния (фазу) множества молекул ДНК. Эти меры Гиббса применяются для изучения вероятностных распределений соединения Холлидея в молекулах ДНК.