bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of Coronary Atherosclerosis in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Residing in the Far North
Authors: Utegenov R. B. , Sapozhnikov S. S. , Kashtanov M. G. , Shadrin A. A. , Bessonov I. S.
Published: July 2024

Aim: To evaluate the features of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients in the Far North and determination of the potential impact of extreme climatic factors on the development of coronary atherosclerosis. 

Material and Methods. Using the “Register of performed coronary angiography operations”, 5,679 patients with coronary artery disease were selected, who underwent coronary angiography at the Tyumen Cardiology Research Center. The main study group consisted of 2,590 patients permanently residing in the YamaloNenets Autonomous Okrug and 3,089 patients residing in the South of the Tyumen Region. 

Results. Patients with permanent residence in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug were on average younger (53.20 ± 7.49 versus 56.79 ± 8.34 years, p < 0.001), men were more common among them. In the extreme North there were more smokers (40.7 vs. 32.0%, p < 0.001) and alcohol users (19.7 vs.15.0%, p < 0.001), and more frequent myocardial infarction in anamnesis (57.1 vs. 48.2%, p < 0.001). At the same time, in patients permanently residing in the South of the Tyumen Region, a burdened hereditary history of CAD was more often determined, and the frequency of arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia was higher. In groups balanced by baseline clinical and demographic characteristics, including CAD risk factors, patients from the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug had more frequent lesions of the three main coronary arteries: anterior descending artery (42 vs. 35%, p < 0.001), circumflex artery (25 vs. 23%, p = 0.038) and right coronary artery (42 vs. 38%, p = 0.007). It should be noted that in balanced groups in patients permanently residing in the Far North, occlusive lesions of the coronary arteries were statistically significantly more likely to be determined (54 vs. 47%, p < 0.001). Also, between the compared groups, statistically significant differences were found in the type of left ventricle (LV) myocardial remodeling, but these differences were not determined in the balanced groups. Also, in the group of patients permanently residing in the Far North, there was a trend towards a decrease in the LV ejection fraction (53.6 ± 8.6% vs. 54.2 ± 8.7, p = 0.074).

Conclusion. In patients with verified coronary artery disease living in the Far North, a more frequent and pronounced atherosclerotic lesion of the coronary bed is determined. These pathological changes are probably due to the complex impact of unfavorable natural and climatic environmental factors.
Dynamics of emotional state of patients with cardiac rhythm disorders in the hospital during fast track radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Iakovleva M. V. , Provotorova J. D. , Sheremet A. A. , Shmatov D. V. , Kamenskikh M. S. , Efremov S. M. , Shchelkova O. Yu.
Published: July 2024

Relevance. The psychological status and emotional state of patients suffering from heart rhythm disorders play an important role in the course of the pre- and postoperative period, whereby psychological effects of the fast-track approach in cardiac surgery, in contrast to clinical effects, are insufficiently studied.

Aim: To investigate the dynamics of patients’ emotional state (severity of anxiety, depression and stress symptoms) in the perioperative period during fast track radiofrequency ablation (RFA), as well as to compare it with the normative values.

Material and Methods. The sample consisted of 77 patients with heart rhythm disorders (mean age 57.09 ± 13.606; 44.2% male) hospitalised for RFA; psychodiagnostic questionnaires DASS-21 and PSS-10 were used.

Results. It was found that preoperative anxiety (from moderate to very high) was observed in 57.9% of patients, symptoms of emotional distress – in 34.2%, symptoms of depression – in 18.4%; at the same time symptoms of anxiety and stress before RFA significantly exceeded the normative values (p ≤ 0.001). After RFA, pronounced symptoms of anxiety are observed in 44.7% of patients, stress – in 26.9%, depression – in 13.5% of patients; postoperative anxiety and stress symptoms also exceed the normative values (p ≤ 0.001). No statistically significant dynamics of unfavourable emotional indicators after RFA was revealed, only a decrease in emotional stress was noted, at the level of statistical trend (p < 0.1).

Conclusion. It is expedient to carry out a more differentiated study of the emotional state of patients undergoing RFA on an expanded sample. Psychological interventions aimed at providing support are recommended for patients with heart rhythm disorders in the perioperative period due to the high stressfulness of the surgical intervention and patients’ emotional instability.
Histopathological parallels in infective endocarditis and degenerative defects of native heart valves and their bioprostheses
Authors: Sinitskaya A. V. , Kostyunin A. E. , Asanov M. A. , Khutornaya M. V. , Poddubnyak A. O. , Ponasenko A. V.
Published: July 2024

Background. Detailed study of the histopathological events and mechanisms accompanying the infectious process in native heart valves and their biological prostheses is very important due to the variability of clinical manifestation of infective endocarditis (IE).

Aim: To study cellular infiltration of aortic heart valves (AVs) and bioprosthetic heart valves (BPs) affected by infection, as well as to search for common patterns or differences of native and BPs characterized by degenerative changes in the leaflet apparatus.

Material and Methods. We studied the leaflets of AVs affected IE (n = 10) or calcific aortic stenosis (CAS) (n = 11), as well as the leaflets of BPs affected by IE (n = 5) or structural valve degeneration (SVD) (n = 10) and removed from the mitral position during re-prosthetics surgery. Histological sections were prepared using a cryostat microtome. Cell typing was performed by staining with antibodies to the CD45, CD68 CD3, CD19, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and CD31 markers using immunohistochemical analysis. Bacteria were visualized by Gram staining of histological sections. The expression of MPO in the studied samples was determined by Western blotting.

Results. Colonies of gram-positive cocci and gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria were registered into native AKs affected by IE. BPs affected by SVD are characterized by the presence of mixed colonies of gram-positive cocci and gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria. Immunophenotyping demonstrated leukocyte infiltration (CD45+) in all studied heart valves. AVs and BPs with infectious lesions and BPs affected by SVD were characterized by inflammatory infiltrates included macrophages (CD68+), neutrophils (MPO+) and single T-lymphocytes (CD3+). In calcified AVs, we found no neutrophils; the clusters of immune cells were represented by macrophages and single T-lymphocytes. In both groups of AVs, single cells positive for the vascular endothelial marker CD31 were noted in the fibrous layer. The highest expression of MPO was observed in AVs affected by IE in comparison to other studied valves.

Conclusion. AVs affected by infection compared to native heart valves affected by CAS are characterized by aggressive infiltration by neutrophils. Neutrophils and bacterial agents were also detected in BPs regardless of the diagnosed IE. These results indicate the involvement of bacterial invasion in the development of SVD of the biological element of BPs and indicate the necessarily for a detailed study of this phenomenon.
The role of microorganisms in acute infectious destruction of heart valves (literature review)
Authors: Radzhabov I. M. , Volkov A. M. , Lyubimov A. I. , Khubulava G. G.
Published: July 2024

Infectious endocarditis (IE) is a relatively rare disease and was previously most often caused by viridans group streptococci. Due to the slow development of these microorganisms, the condition was termed “subacute bacterial endocarditis”, reflecting its prolonged clinical course ranging from weeks to months for most patients. However, there has been a significant shift in the microbiology of IE in recent years, with an increasing frequency of staphylococci being identified as the predominant pathogens. For IE caused by Staphylococcus aureus, an acute clinical course is characteristic, often accompanied by the development of sepsis. Furthermore, there is an increase in cases of IE caused by enterococci, leading to treatment complexities and unfavorable outcomes. Unlike other infectious and cardiovascular diseases, the high mortality rate associated with IE has not changed over the past decades. Even in specialized medical centers, surgeries performed for IE continue to have the highest mortality rate among all heart valve diseases. Late diagnosis of the disease, prolonged ineffective conservative therapy, irreversible destructive changes, and myocardial reserve depletion primarily contribute to unsatisfactory outcomes of surgical treatment for IE. This review focuses on the main causative agents of IE and their impact on the speed of heart valve destruction.
The application of naive bayes method for final project topic selection within the project-based learning framework in the data mining course
Authors: Kurniadi Denny
Published: July 2024

This study aims to explore the potential application of the Naive Bayes Method in predicting the determination of final project topics for students within the context of project-based learning (PBL) in the Data Mining course. Adopting an observational quantitative approach, the research involved 34 students from the Educational Technology Informatics Study Program at Padang State University between 2013-2015 as research subjects. The sampling technique employed was stratified random sampling, aligning with the research findings. The study's results indicate that the Naive Bayes Method is proficient in providing accurate predictions concerning the determination of final project topics, with significant accuracy, precision, and recall values. Moreover, the integration with project-based learning (PjBL) approach effectively enhances the authenticity and relevance of the learning experience for students, further substantiating the effectiveness of Project-Based Learning (PjBL).
Pengembangan panduan konseling rational emotive behavioral teknik dispute cognitive untuk meningkatkan konsep diri dan resiliensi terhadap kemandirian pada siswa
Authors: Rusdayanti I Gst. Agung Diah , Suarni Ni Ketut , Dharsana I Ketut , Dantes Nyoman , Dharmayanti Putu Ari
Published: July 2024

Students who experience broken homes and have symptoms of self-injury behavior need to receive attention from the school in order to support self-concept and resilience towards independence in facing student’s problems. Guidance and counseling teachers' efforts to help students develop positive self-concept and resilience towards independence still experience obstacles due to limited facilities in the form of guidance modules that can assist in providing services. This research aims to compile and produce a design for a guidebook, determine the validity of the contents of the guidebook, determine the practicality of implementing the guidebook, and determine the effectiveness of implementing the rational emotive behavioral counseling guidebook, cognitive dispute techniques to increase self-concept and resilience towards independence in students. This research method uses research and development with a 4D development model. The results of this research are (1) the design of this counseling guidebook consists of five chapters, (2) the content validity of the guidebook is declared valid with a Content Validity Index of 0.8825 so that it has the feasibility of being developed and implemented by counseling guidance teachers for students, (3) the practicality of this guidebook is stated to be very practical for use by guidance and counseling teachers with an average result of 96.25%, (4) the implementation of the rational emotive behavioral counseling guidebook with cognitive dispute techniques is simultaneous quite effective in increasing self-concept and resilience towards independence students with significance value of 0.020 which is less than 0.05 and an effect size value of 0.485.
Peningkatan hasil belajar siswa melalui penerapan metode PQ4R pada materi teks diskusi bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Fajri Jasmine Farizqi , Anggraini Purwati , Faizin Faizin
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan efektivitas penggunaan metode PQ4R dibandingkan metode konvensional dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas IX SMP Negeri 2 Baureno Bojonegoro pada materi teks diskusi pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia dan mendeskripsikan faktor belajar siswa yang mempengaruhi hasil belajar siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, metode PQ4R memiliki lebih efektif dibandingkan metode konvensional yang dibuktikan dari hasil nilai rata-rata dan hasil uji wilcoxon. Nilai rata-rata pre test yaitu 44.667 dan post test yaitu 75 dan hasil uji wilcoxon menunjukkan H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima dengan nilai 0.000 < 0.005. Selain itu, hasil rata-rata angket dengan menggunakan skala likert pada pemberian angket faktor belajar menunjukkan bahwa dari faktor internal yaitu faktor motivasi bernilai 4.23, faktor eksternal adalah metode pembelajaran bernilai 4.20, dan faktor pendekatan belajar adalah achieving bernilai 4.20. Faktor belajar siswa mempengaruhi hasil belajar siswa, untuk itu guru perlu membantu mencari alternatif dalam menangani permasalahan belajar siswa. 
Penerapan nilai-nilai tasawuf dalam pembinaan akhlak santri pada pondok pesantren al-mukhlishin
Authors: Huda Nurul , Maraimbang Maraimbang
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan nilai-nilai tasawuf pada pondokn pesantren Al-Mukhlisin dan untuk mengetahui metode penerapan nilai-nilai tasawuf di pondok pesantren ini. Penelitian menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif analisis serta pengumpulan data diambil dari hasil observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Objek formal penelitian ini adalah teori tasawuf dan objek non formal ini adalah problematis akhklak santri atau remaja. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan tasawuf akhlaqi. Hasil penelitian pondok pesantren mengajarkan nilai-nilai tasawuf untuk membentuk akhlak santri. Ada tiga nilai utama yang menjadi fokusnya yaitu: Taubat, Sabar, dan Zuhud. Implementasi dilakukan melalui kegiatan ruhaniyah, disiplin dalam peraturan, dan Latihan spiritual. Taubat di ajarkan melalui kegiatan mendorong santri untuk berintrospeksi dan memeperbaiki diri. Guru-guru mengajarkan pentingnya bertaubat dengan hati yang tulus dan menghindari perilaku dosa. Sabat diajarkan dengan cara melatih disiplin dan ketahanan dalam menghadapi ujian. Santri di didik untuk patuh terhadap peraturan dan tetap optimis dalam segala situasi. Zuhud diterapkan melalui Latihan kesedehanaan dan pengurangan ketertarikan terhadap duniawi. Santri diajarkan untuk tidak terlalu terikat pada harta dan fokus pada akhirat. Pondok Pesantren Al-Mukhlisin menggunakan beberapa metode Pendidikan tasawuf untuk membina akhlak santri. Pendekatan ini mencakup pemebelajaran di kelas, kegiatan ekstrakurikuler, dan latihan mandiri. Masing-masing metode memiliki peran khusus dalam membentuk karakter santri. Pemebelajaran di dalam kelas berfokus pada penyampaian pengetahuan tentang tasawuf, sikap, dan nilai yang sesuai dengan ajaran islam. Kegiatan ekstrakurikuler memberikan kesempatan kepada santri untuk mengembangkan kepribadian dan keterampilan di luar jam pelajaran. Latihan mandiri melibatkan praktik ibadah dan perilaku sopan santun untuk mendorong santri agar konsisten dalam perbuatan baik. Dengan pendekatan ini pondok pesantren berupaya membina akhlak santri agar memiliki karakter yang berjiwa agamis dan mampu menerapkan nilai-nilai tasawuf dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
Analisis model penanaman nilai toleransi untuk mengurangi kekerasan siswa sekolah dasar: studi kasus di kabupaten Sragen
Authors: Ahmad Nurlita Avifani , Habiby Wahdan Najib
Published: July 2024

Violence against children tends to rise from year to year, with no exception to violence in school neighborhoods. The negative impact of violence on children varies, from short-term to long-term. Therefore, extra attention is needed from schools such as teaching tolerance to students. The study aims to look at and create learning models that can be used by primary schools in the cultivation of tolerant attitudes in children so that it is expected to reduce the rate of violence in children. This model of tolerance learning includes teaching tolerance in the classroom ranging from preparation, implementation, to evaluation, and is supported by the school curriculum. The research was carried out at Puro State SD 4 Sragen. The research uses a qualitative approach to case studies by conducting observations, interviews, lifts, and documentation. Research shows that by cultivating tolerance towards others and regularly adopting ethical behavior, children can change their attitudes for the better so that violence can be reduced. Therefore, this model of cultivating tolerance values is designed to serve as a benchmark for a primary school in applying tolerance teaching and good habits to children.
Pembiasaan Perilaku Senyum, Salam, Sapa Dan Ucapan Terimakasih Pustakawan Terhadap Pemustaka
Authors: Sahidi Sahidi , Musrifah Musrifah
Published: July 2024

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pembiasaan perilaku senyum pustakawan terhadap pemustaka, pembiasaan perilaku salam dan sapa pustakawan terhadap pemustaka, dan pembiasaan ucapan terimakasih pustakawan terhadap pemustaka. Metode analisis masalah dalam tulisan ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif berdasarkan studi literatur dari berbagai sumber terkait dengan masalah dan tujuan. Adapun hasil dari pembahasan mengenai pembiasaan perilaku senyum bahwa senyum harus dimulai dan dipraktikan oleh pustakawan kepada pemustaka pada awal dimana pustakawan dan pemustaka bertemu. Bentuk senyuman yang dianjurkan untuk dilakukan oleh pustakawan terhadap pemustaka adalah senyum ketabahan/ketegaran dan senyuman tulus. Pembiasaan salam dan sapa dapat dipraktikan dan dibiasakan oleh pustakawan dengan menyapa pengunjung yang datang dengan ucapan “Assalamu ‘alaikum warahmatullah” (bagi orang islam) atau “selamat pagi”, “selamat siang”, “selamat sore” maupun “selamat malam”, dan berupa sapaan teguran. Sedangkan ucapan terimakasih pada umumnya merupakan bentuk ucapan akhir dari sebuah interaksi antara penyedia layanan dengan pengguna layanan. Pustakawan dapat mempraktikan dan membiasakan ucapan terimakasih kepada pemustaka seperti mengucapkan terima kasih atas kunjangan pemustaka, ucapan terima kasih atas pemanfaatan koleksi perpustakaan, ucapan terima kasih atas kepercayaan kepada pengguna dalam menggunakan layanan perpustakaan.
Penerapan SLiMS Pada Layanan Sirkulasi di Perpustakaan INSTIDLA
Authors: Kesuma Mezan El-Khaeri , Yunita Ira , Fitra Jaka , Sholiha Nadya Amalia , Oktaria Herlini
Published: July 2024

Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah: (1) untuk mengetahui penerapan SLiMS pada layanan sirkulasi di perpustakaan Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Diniyyah Lampung (INSTIDLA) telah berjalan secara optimal; (2) untuk mengetahui adakah masalah dalam penerapan SLiMS pada layanan sirkulasi di INSTIDLA. Penelitian ini termasuk kedalam metode analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah dengan penerapan SLiMS sangat membantu sekali dalam layanan perpustakaan khususnya layanan sirkulasi. Pustakawan mempunyai keahlian dalam penggunaan SLiMS dengan nilai “Baik” sehingga pemustaka merasa puas. Serta kualitas layanan yang diberikan perpustakaan dalam indikator “Baik”.
Merdeka Belajar dan Literasi Pengajaran Revolusi Industri 4.0
Authors: Suhirman Suhirman
Published: July 2024

Pendidikan adalah pengembangan kemampuan berpikir, bertindak dan hidup sebagai bagian dari masyarakat global. Di era Revolusi 4.0, struktur masyarakat telah berubah, berubah dengan cepat, ikatan sosial bergantung pada teknologi, banyak jenis pekerjaan yang hilang, masyarakat memiliki kesempatan yang sama dan daya saing yang kuat. Untuk menghadapi era Revolusi 4.0, pendidikan melalui sekolah harus melihat pembelajaran sesuai kebutuhan siswa, ujian formal, guru sebagai pembimbing, siswa tidak sederajat dan tidak sederajat sesuai dengan kemampuan atau bakatnya masing-masing. Education 4.0 adalah program yang mendukung implementasi smart education dengan meningkatkan dan menyeimbangkan kualitas pendidikan serta memperluas ketersediaan dan pentingnya teknologi dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan yang mengedepankan kolaborasi, komunikasi, berpikir kritis dan kreatif kelas dunia. Dalam rangka peningkatan kualitas pegawai, Mendikbud memperkenalkan program pelatihan “Bebas belajar”, yang merupakan arah pembelajaran ke depan. Metode penelitian adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dimana bahan pustaka dikumpulkan, bahan penelitian dibaca dan disimpan serta diolah. Hasil kajian menyebutkan bahwa “Bebas Belajar” terdiri dari empat program utama, antara lain penilaian USBN komprehensif, mengganti ujian nasional dengan penilaian penilaian, RPP dipersingkat dan zona PPDB lebih fleksibel. Perubahan sekolah dan kurikulum diperlukan untuk melaksanakan program "Bebas belajar". perubahan penyelenggaraan pendidikan nasional dan perubahan penyelenggaraan pendidikan daerah dan otonomi sekolah.
IMPLEMENTASI MESIN PRESS MEDIA TANAM UNTUK PENINGKATAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT DUSUN KARYA TANI MELALUI PEMANFAATAN COCOPET DAN LIMBAH SEKAM PADI
Authors: Imansyah Fitri , Wahyudi Tri , Wijayanto Dedi
Published: July 2024

Limbah serabut kelapa yang diolah menjadi cocopeat yang dapat dijadikan media tanam yang sangat baik. Pengelolaan limbah serabut kelapa yang berserakan hanya dapat merusak pemandangan disekitar lingkungan, oleh karena itu diperlukan inovasi dan pembaharuan teknologi yang mampu memadatkan cocopeat menjadi barang yang memiliki nilai kegunaan yang cukup tinggi menjadi media tanam yang bernilai ekonomis. Pembuatan media tanam dengan menambahkan arang sekam, sekam, tanah bakar yang berbasis ramah lingkungan. Mesin pengepresan cocopeat dapat digunakan untuk mempermudah pekerjaan para petani agar menjadi lebih efektif dan efisien sehingga dapat mengatasi permasalahan limbah cocopeat menjadi media tanam yang dapat meningkatkan penghasilan para petani kelapa. Tujuan dari program ini adalah untuk meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat Dusun Karya Tani melalui implementasi mesin press media tanam dengan memanfaatkan cocopet dan limbah sekam padi. Program ini melibatkan beberapa tahapan utama, yaitu identifikasi kebutuhan dan perencanaan, pengadaan dan instalasi mesin press, pelatihan teknis dan manajemen usaha, produksi dan pemasaran, serta monitoring dan evaluasi. Hasil dari program ini menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dalam pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat terkait pengoperasian mesin press dan manajemen usaha. Produksi media tanam meningkat dari 50 kg menjadi 300 kg per minggu, dengan kualitas produk yang lebih baik dan lebih konsisten. Peningkatan produksi ini berdampak langsung pada peningkatan pendapatan masyarakat, dari Rp 500.000 menjadi Rp 2.500.000 per bulan. Selain dampak ekonomi, program ini juga memberikan manfaat sosial dan lingkungan. Pemanfaatan limbah pertanian mengurangi jumlah limbah yang tidak terkelola, sementara peningkatan keterlibatan masyarakat dalam kegiatan ekonomi produktif membantu mengurangi tingkat pengangguran. Evaluasi program menunjukkan perlunya pelatihan lanjutan dan pendampingan berkala untuk memastikan keberlanjutan program.
TINJAUAN MAQASHID AL-SYARI’AH TERHADAP PERILAKU SODOMI SEBAGAI ALASAN PERCERAIAN (Studi Putusan Nomor 222/Pdt.G/2019/PA.Bgr)
Authors: Alfin Aidi , Bahar Muchlis , Azwar Zainal , Fathurohman Muhammad Faozan
Published: July 2024

Islam has taught married couples to get along well (mu'asyarah bil al-ma'ruf) including sexual relations. However, there are several cases of sexual deviation, including cases of sodomy. In the Bogor religious court, there was a case of sodomy as a reason for divorce. This research aims to analyze Maqashid al-Shariah's review of sodomy behavior as a reason for divorce. This type of research is normative qualitative using the statue appoarch or statutory approach and library study data collection techniques. The results of this research show that the judge's decision in decision number 222/Pdt.G/2019/PA.Bgr which granted the petition for divorce was in accordance with the concept of maqashid al-syari'ah because it had saved the wife from harm due to deviant behavior committed by her husband and the judge. assess that domestic happiness will not be realized if the marital relationship is maintained. In addition, sodomy behavior is contrary to the concept of maqashid al-syari'ah because it threatens the existence of religion (Hifzh al-Din), soul (Hifzh an-Nafs), and offspring (Hifzh an-Nasl).
Adeno-associated virus vector-based gene therapy for hereditary diseases: current problems of application and approaches to solve them
Authors: Egorova T. V. , Piskunov A. A. , Poteryaev D. A.
Published: July 2024

INTRODICTION. Currently, gene therapy based on adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors faces a  number of barriers, both biomedical and technological, which require studying and overcoming for further development of this gene therapy technology.AIM. This study aimed to analyse the use of gene therapy for a range of hereditary diseases, taking into account the barriers associated with its side effects and insufficient efficacy, the determination of the therapeutic window, and individual characteristics relevant to a particular hereditary disease; additionally, the study aimed to review the approaches to lifting these barriers and increasing the availability of gene therapy through the improvement of technological approaches to production and the reduction of production costs.DISCUSSION. The authors reviewed the experience accumulated for gene therapy products that were approved or undergoing clinical trials. The study included a gene therapy applicability assessment using several hereditary diseases as a case study. The assessment showed that correct determination of the therapeutic window for a medicinal product and timely diagnosis of a hereditary disease were essential for effective and safe gene therapy. The study considered the strategies used to reduce the risks of adverse events and increase the effectiveness of AAVbased gene therapy. The authors assessed technological advancements in the manufacturing of AAV-based gene therapy products. The most perspective directions were the transition to suspension culture systems, the improvement of bioreactors, the use of new methods and materials for the purification of viral particles, the improvement of transfection systems, and the creation of new host cell lines. Ultimately, this can lead to lower production costs and an increased availability of gene therapy.CONCLUSION. Currently, gene therapy is used only for a small range of hereditary diseases. Significant barriers to its use are due to insufficient efficacy, risks of adverse events, and high costs for treatment. Ongoing biomedical and technological development should lift many of these barriers and increase access to gene therapy.
miRNA-targeting oligonucleotide constructs with various mechanisms of action as effective inhibitors of carcinogenesis
Authors: Miroshnichenko S. K. , Patutina O. A. , Zenkova M. A.
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION. The development of malignant neoplasms is associated with changes in the expression of small non-coding RNAs (miRNAs). This emphasises the need for research into the development of miRNA-targeted inhibitors as a promising approach to cancer treatment.AIM. This study aimed to compare current strategies for suppressing the functional activity of tumour-associated miRNAs based on the use of therapeutic nucleic acids and to determine the application potential of these strategies.DISCUSSION. This study analysed known oligonucleotide-based miRNA inhibitors with different mechanisms of action. Based on their mechanism of action, miRNA-targeted inhibitors can be classified into two groups. The first group of miRNA-targeted inhibitors exhibits an indirect inhibitory effect, either by blocking functional connections between miRNAs and specific mRNA targets through the use of miRNA-masking oligonucleotides or by introducing mutations into miRNA genes and disrupting gene biosynthesis processes through the use of the CRISPR/Cas system. Despite their relatively high biological potential, these strategies are mostly used as search tools to study miRNA functional roles and molecular interactions in carcinogenesis. The second group of oligonucleotide constructs interacts with miRNA targets directly, which leads to steric blocking or degradation of oncogenic microRNAs. These miRNA-binding oligonucleotide constructs come in a variety of structural variants, including miRNA sponges, RNA zippers, antisense oligonucleotides, and miRNases, which demonstrate high therapeutic potential in vitro and in vivo.CONCLUSION. The described analysis of the biological properties, therapeutic potential, and key advantages of the developed miRNA-targeted oligonucleotide constructs helps outline the areas for their potential practical application in cancer treatment.
In vivo evaluation of tropism and biodistribution of synthetic and natural adeno-associated viral vectors by next-generation sequencing
Authors: Maksimov D. O. , Naumova D. A. , Astakhova E. A. , Artemev V. V. , Biryukov S. A. , Abramov I. S. , Navoikova A. A. , Rudev N. V. , Feoktistova S. G. , Glazova O. V. , Mityaeva O. N. , Volchkov P. Yu.
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION. The creation of synthetic adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors during gene therapy development is a labour-intensive and expensive process. The optimal solution to minimise the time and costs associated with gene therapy development lies in the improvement of methods aimed at assessing AAV vector biodistribution and transduction efficiency in vivo.AIM. This study aimed to develop a new bioinformatics-based assessment method for synthetic AAV vector libraries to analyse AAV vector biodistribution and transduction efficiency in vivo.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The production of synthetic AAV vectors involved assigning AAV serotype-specific barcodes (12-nucleotide tags flanked at the 5' end with a sequence encoding the green fluorescent reporter protein). Plasmids carrying unique barcodes were propagated in competent Escherichia coli XL10-Gold cells and used to create two AAV libraries: L1 with a viral genome count of 1010 and L2 with a viral genome count of 1011. AAV production involved HEK293T cell transfection. L1 and L2 library vectors were administered to C57Bl/6N mice by intravenous injection. DNA and RNA were isolated from transduced organs for analysis by next-generation sequencing. The obtained data on DNA and RNA barcode quantities in different murine organs were analysed to assess the biodistribution and transduction efficiency of synthetic AAVs. Barcodes were identified by aligning them to the expected sequences and counted. The resulting values were normalised to the quantity of barcodes in the original library.RESULTS. Seven viral constructs based on different AAV serotypes were created as part of two AAV libraries. Six of the AAV serotypes were synthetic (sAAV1, sAAV2, sAAV3, sAAV4, sAAV5, and sAAV6). Sequencing of murine organ samples revealed significant quantities of DNA barcodes from both AAV libraries in all organs except the brain. For the L1 library, RNA barcodes were detected at a sufficient level in 4 organs, including the skeletal muscles, the heart, the liver, and the adrenal glands. For the L2 library, in addition to the listed organs, sufficient RNA-barcode levels were observed in the gonads and the kidneys. According to transduction efficiency analysis based on RNA barcode levels adjusted for DNA barcodes, sAAV5 was considered the most promising variant for gene therapy of liver-related diseases, whereas sAAV2 and sAAV6 were recognised as holding the most promise for adrenal diseases.CONCLUSIONS. The developed bioinformatics-based assessment method for synthetic AAV vector libraries can analyse AAV vector biodistribution and transduction efficiency in the body. The presented approach has the potential for selecting optimal AAV vectors for specific organs and tissues in further gene therapy development.
Recommendations for the development of sterility testing procedures for biological medicinal products based on pharmacopoeial methods
Authors: Berdnikova Z. E. , Tikhonova A. S.
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION. The distinctive nature and composition of biological medicinal products present certain challenges for the detection of microbial contamination, which affects the reliability of sterility control results. The main challenges associated with testing biologicals include changes in the appearance and physical properties of culture media or samples, an increased risk of contamination or false-positive results in direct inoculation tests, filtration issues, etc. When drafting product specification files and analytical method validation reports in dossiers for biologicals, manufacturers need adequate, reproducible, and pharmacopoeia-based sterility testing procedures for specific medicinal products, including live and inactivated, viral and bacterial, single- and multi-component vaccines, bacteriophages and interferons, sera and immunoglobulins. These challenges can be addressed through providing recommendations for developing analytical procedures based on compendial methods of direct inoculation and membrane filtration.AIM. This study aimed to offer key recommendations for the development of sterility testing procedures for biologicals based on pharmacopoeial methods.DISCUSSION. This article presents a retrospective analysis of the results of reviewing regulatory documentation for biological medicinal products submitted to the testing centre of the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products in 2021–2023. Having considered major issues with the analytical procedures described in the Sterility section of regulatory submissions, the authors offer the following recommendations for addressing these issues. The authors advise against using low-pH Sabouraud culture media to test blood products by direct inoculation. Biologicals containing mercury preservatives should be tested using a thioglycollate medium at two temperature settings. When testing various biologicals, analysts should refrain from plugging vials with cotton gauze. Instead, they should pour culture media into glass vials with rubber stoppers and crimps. Biologicals in large primary packaging (≥10 mL) should be tested by membrane filtration. Membrane filtration tests for biologicals should use solvents and rinsing agents selected in validation studies. It is also recommended to set the maximum volume of a biological medicinal product that can be filtered through a membrane filter. A reduction in the filtration speed is recommended to minimise foaming when testing blood products.CONCLUSION. The recommendations presented in this article can guide the development of sterility testing procedures for inclusion in the relevant section of regulatory submissions for biologicals. Manufacturers, control laboratories, and regulatory authorities may implement these recommendations to harmonise their approach to sterility testing of biologicals.
Socialist organization of collective farm production in 1933–1934: on the example of the Kalinin collective farm in the lower Volga Region
Authors: Poliakov Vyacheslav
Published: July 2024

The article is based on the ideographic path of knowledge by analyzing minutes of meetings of the Kalinin collective farm board and brigades (Zvezdkovsky Village Council, Budarinsky district, Lower Volga Region) which are stored in the State Archive of the Volgograd Region and introduced into scientific circulation for thefirst time. The author examines the socialist organization of collective farm production in 1933-1934.
Media Narratives in Response to Immigration Crises: An LLM Classification Approach
Authors: Tripp Alexander
Published: July 2024

How do media narratives shift in response to immigration shocks? I develop a dynamic model of political communications that predicts more positive immigration coverage soon after immigration shocks, which I call the humanitarian phase due to prominent themes of sympathy and vulnerability. As these shocks continue, I predict more negative immigration coverage—which I call the threat phase due to themes of material and symbolic threat—will become more popular as the media reflects the changing conditions of the shock and societal response. I focus on Colombia as a theory-building case, before I then test the generalizability of my theory using the cases of Brazil, Germany, and Poland. Empirically, I use a few-shot ChatGPT 4o model to classify articles from national newspapers in each of these countries and then illustrate changes in the proportion of immigration-focused media narratives over time. I find modest evidence for humanitarian and threat phases across most contexts, with more acute shocks prompting more pronounced humanitarian phases. These findings systematize elite discourse and its changing nature on salient issues, contributing to our understandings of the relationship between media coverage and societal responses to shocks.
The active foundations of the illusion of control: An experimental test of the Henslin effect
Authors: Hayes Ty , Walasek Lukasz , Browne Matthew , Newall Philip Warren Stirling
Published: July 2024

The mistaken belief that personal control can affect the outcomes of random events is seen as a core part of disordered gamblers' irrational beliefs via the 'illusion of control'. The present study tests the extent of action-based manifestation of the illusion of control in a dice-rolling game, which provides a novel controlled test of a claim first made by Henslin (1967) that craps gamblers tend to shake their dice harder when aiming for higher numbers. We also tested participants’ recent involvement in gambling games and rates of disordered gambling symptomology as two theoretically-informed potential moderators of any effect. An incentivized dice-rolling experiment was programmed for participants’ mobile devices, where device accelerometer data was used to animate the effects of their shaking and to record the dependent variable of shaking strength. 1,692 US-Based participants (Mean age 37.1; 39.3% female) completed 24 trials each, across which the target number that they would win a $1 bonus if rolled was varied from one to six. Participants rolled the dice 4.1% harder for the highest- (six) compared to lowest-number (one). However, the effect did not vary based on participants’ recent engagement with various gambling games, and also did not correlate with gamblers’ Problem Gambling Severity Index scores. These results uniquely demonstrate a small Henslin effect, but also challenge theoretical accounts that illusion of control effects should be higher in people with greater familiarity with a given situation (i.e., relevant gambling games), or who have higher levels of disordered gambling symptomatology.
How Strata Affect the Proportional Hazard Test’s Performance
Authors: Metzger Shawna K.
Published: July 2024

A series of recent papers investigate the two implementations of the Schoenfeld-based test for diagnosing proportional hazard violations in Cox duration models. These studies show surprising performance differences between the implementations—which one we use can affect our conclusions about whether a covariate violates the proportional hazards assumption. Importantly, though, these studies examine situations in which we would generally expect no performance differences between the implementations. How do the different implementations perform in situations where we would expect differences? I use Monte Carlo simulations to investigate.
Evaluasi Kinerja Pada Aplikasi SatuSehat Menggunakan Metode Pieces
Authors: Susanti Sari , Maulana Akbar
Published: July 2024

Platform SatuSehat adalah layanan kesehatan berbasis mobile yang baru dikembangkan dimasyarakat. Dalam penerapannya harus dievaluasi untuk memberikan penilaian terhadap kinerja sistem yang baru diterapkan. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah melakukan evaluasi keberhasilan kinerja pada aplikasi SatuSehat menggunakan metode PIECES yang terdiri dari 6 variabel independent yaitu Performance, Information and Data, Economics, Control and Security, Efficiency, Service. Teknik pengumpulan data terdiri dari metode observasi, kuesioner, dan studi literatur. Dari hasil penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa variabel PIECES diperoleh nilai korelasi 0,762 terhadap variabel dependent, maka variabel independent dan dependent dalam penelitian ini mempunyai hubungan, dengan perolehan nilai F hitung 28,123 dan nilai R2 76,2%. Dari pengolahan data tersebut diperoleh hasil secara simultan, bahwa variabel PIECES memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel dependent. Secara parsial, hanya pada variabel Economics, Control and Security yang berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap variabel dependent, sedangkan untuk variabel Performance, Information and Data, Efficiency, Service berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap variabel dependent. SatuSehat platform is a newly developed mobile based health service in the community, in its application must be evaluated to provide an assessment of the performance of the newly implemented system. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the success of performance in the SatuSehat application using the PIECES method which consists of 6 independent variables, namely Performance, Information and Data, Economics, Control and Security, Efficiency, Service. Data collection techniques consist of observation methods, questionnaires, and literature studies. From the results of this study, it was concluded that the PIECES variable obtained a correlation value of 0.762 to the dependent variable, then the independent and dependent variables in this study had a relationship, with the acquisition of a calculated F value of 28.123 and an R2 value of 76.2%. From the processing of these data, simultaneous results were obtained, that the PIECES variable had a significant influence on the dependent variable. Partially, only the variables Economics, Control and Security have a significant positive effect on the dependent variable, while for the variables Performance, Information and Data, Efficiency, Service have a significant negative effect on the dependent variable.
ON CONFERENCE MATERIALS «TOPICAL ISSUES OF THE STATE AND LAW IN THE CONTEXT OF SEARCHING THE PARADIGM OF CIVILIZATIONS»
Authors: EPIFANOVA E.V. ,   Kuban State University, KICH I.S. , TARANYUK YU.V. , CHUPROVA A.A. , ERTEL L.A. ,   Kuban State University,   Kuban State Agrarian University,   Kuban State University,   Kuban State University
Published: July 2024

This article is an overview of the speeches of the participants in the traditional annual interuniversity scientific-practical conference «Topical issues of state and law in the context of the search for the paradigm of civilizations».
TRANSLATION AND ADAPTATION: INTERSECTING RELATIONSHIPS
Authors: Kononchuk I
Published: July 2024

The article analyses adaptation in relation to key categories and concepts in translation studies. The aim of the article is to substantiate sociocultural and pragmatic adaptation as a distinct translation method in its intersections with translation models, foreignization and domestication strategies, paradigms in translation studies, the concept of dynamic equivalence, and the category of coherence. Pragmatic adaptation is related to the functional model of translation, according to which the translator is guided by institution-specified parameters of the target text, adapting the source text to the target-text purpose. Sociocultural adaptation correlates with the denotative model, using it in cases where the choice of translation variant is impossible without reference to the situational context presented in the source text, as well as with the communicative model, which includes various components of the extralinguistic context. Both types of adaptation align with the informative model of translation, oriented towards conveying different types of information from the source text—not only denotative but also connotative, sociocultural, pragmatic, and encyclopedic. In terms of translation typology, adaptation correlates with transcoding – achieving text equivalence by simplifying its structure and content to make the translated text more accessible to an audience lacking the necessary knowledge. It also aligns with communicative translation, which aims to achieve an effect on the target text readers equivalent to that of the source text. From the perspective of the main paradigms in translation studies, adaptation strategies correlate with the cultural paradigm in its cognitive-semantic and real-cultural dimensions. Adaptation is applied in cases of linguistic, cultural, conceptual-semantic, value-based, normative, contextual, and idiomatic non-equivalence. In translation adaptation, the translator can apply either foreignization or domestication, or combine both. When using the domestication strategy, the main techniques involve free, idiomatic or communicative translation, and actual adaptation. The concept of adaptation is related to the dynamic equivalence, as opposed to formal equivalence. From the perspective of cohesion and coherence categories reproduced in translation, adaptation correlates with co
ENGLISH BORROWINGS IN THE MODERN UKRAINIAN TERMINOLOGY OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
Authors: Syrotina O
Published: July 2024

The article deals with the phenomenon of English borrowings in the field of biotechnology in modern Ukrainian terminology. The object of the study is English borrowed biotechnological terminological units selected from specialized dictionaries, scientific works on biotechnology and Internet sites devoted to the creation and production of new modified organisms and products. The study identifies the main trends and motivational factors that determine the process of introducing English borrowings into the modern Ukrainian biotechnology terminology. The key motivations for borrowing English terms in the field of biotechnology include the lack of equivalents in the native language, the need to differentiate between concepts, specialization, and socio-psychological factors that affect the prestige of foreign words. The article also examines the structural aspects of English lexical borrowings in the field of biotechnology, including simple and derived terms, as well as composites. The article emphasizes the widespread use of English borrowed multicomponent terms of the biotechnology industry in the Ukrainian language, which indicates a tendency to detail and clarify objects in scientific discourse. The analysis of lexical borrowings in the field of biotechnology shows the dynamic development of terminology in the Ukrainian language, as well as the influence of English on this process. This is an important aspect for scientific communication and further development of modern technologies.