bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of streptomycin resistant Salmonella from humans and animals in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mengistu Getachew , Dejenu Getiye , Tesema Cheru , Arega Balew , Awoke Tadesse , Alemu Kassahun , Moges Feleke
Published: December 2020

Background

Streptomycin is used as an epidemiological marker in monitoring programs for antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella serovars and indicates the presence of pentaresistance. However, comprehensive data on streptomycin resistant Salmonella among human, animal, and animal products is lacking in Ethiopia. In this review, we aimed to assess heterogeneity and pooled proportion of Salmonella serovars to streptomycin resistance among human, animal and animal products in Ethiopia.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature from Ethiopia. We used the MEDLINE/ PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases to identify genetic and phenotypic data on Salmonella isolates. To determine the heterogeneity and pooled proportion, we used metaprop commands and the random-effects model. Relative and cumulative frequencies were calculated to describe the overall preponderance of streptomycin resistance isolates after arcsine-transformed data. Metan funnel and meta-bias using a begg test were performed to check for publication bias.

Results

Overall, we included 1475 Salmonella serovars in this meta-analysis. The pooled proportion of streptomycin resistance was 47% (95% CI: 35–60%). Sub-group analysis by target population showed that the proportion of streptomycin resistance in Salmonella serovars was 54% (95% CI: 35–73%) in animal, 44% (95% Cl: 33–59%) in humans and 39% (95% CI: 24–55%) in animals products. The streptomycin resistant Salmonella serovars were statistically increasing from 0.35(95% CI: 0.12–0.58) in 2003 to 0.77(95% CI: 0.64–0.89) in 2018. The level of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella serovars was 50.1% in the meta-analysis.

Conclusion

We found a high level of streptomycin resistance, including multidrug, Salmonella serovars among human, animals, and animal products. This resistance was significantly increasing in the last three decades (1985–2018). The resistance to streptomycin among Salmonella serovars isolated from animals was higher than humans. This mandates the continuous monitoring of streptomycin use and practicing one health approach to preventing further development of resistance in Ethiopia.

Registration

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis after registration of the protocol in PROSPERO (CRD42019135116) following the MOOSE (Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology).
Motion fluency effects on object preference is limited to learned context
Authors: Flavell Jonathan Charles , McKean Bryony
Published: December 2020

Recently, Flavell et al. (2019) demonstrated that an object’s motion fluency (how smoothly and predictably it moves) influences liking of the object itself. Though the authors demonstrated learning of object-motion associations, participants only preferred fluently associated objects over disfluently associated objects when ratings followed a moving presentation but not a stationary presentation. In the presented experiment, we tested the possibility that this apparent failure of associative learning / evaluative conditioning was due to stimulus choice. To do so we replicate part of the original work but change the ‘naturally stationary’ household object stimuli with winged insects which move in a similar way to the original motions. Though these more ecologically valid stimuli should have facilitated object to motion associations, we again found that preference effects were only apparent following moving presentations. These results confirm the potential of motion fluency for ‘in the moment’ preference change, and they demonstrate a critical boundary condition that should be considered when attempting to generalise fluency effects across contexts such as in advertising or behavioural interventions.
Midwives’ and obstetricians’ perspectives about pregnancy related weight management in Ethiopia: A qualitative study
Authors: Asefa Fekede , Cummins Allison , Dessie Yadeta , Foureu Maralyn , Hayen Andrew
Published: December 2020

Background

Midwives and obstetricians are key maternity care providers; they are the most trusted source of information regarding nutrition and gestational weight gain. However, their views, practices and perceived barriers to managing pregnancy related weight gain have not been studied in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to explore midwives’ and obstetricians’ observations and perspectives about gestational weight gain and postpartum weight management in Ethiopia.

Methods

We conducted face-to-face interviews with 11 midwives and 10 obstetricians, from January 2019 to March 2019. All interview data were transcribed verbatim. We analysed the data using thematic analysis with an inductive approach.

Results

We identified three themes and associated subthemes. Midwives and obstetricians had limited knowledge of the optimal gestational weight gain. Almost all participants were unaware of the presence of the Institute of Medicine recommendations for optimal weight gain in pregnancy. According to the study participants, women in Ethiopia do not want to gain weight during pregnancy, but do want to gain weight after the birth. Counselling about gestational weight gain and postpartum weight management was not routinely provided for pregnant women. This is mostly because gestational weight gain counselling was not considered to be a priority by maternity care providers in Ethiopia.

Conclusions

The limited knowledge of and low attention to pregnancy related weight management by midwives and obstetricians in this setting needs appropriate intervention. Adapting a guideline for pregnancy weight management and integrating it into antenatal care is essential.
O MUNDO VIVIDO NA GEOGRAFIA BRASILEIRA: SOBRE A INSTABILIDADE DE UM CONCEITO HUMANISTA-CULTURAL NO INÍCIO DO SÉCULO XXI
Authors: Safadi Sandro de Oliveira
Published: December 2020

Está em curso a construção do que é discutida neste trabalho como tendência humanista-cultural da geografia brasileira, compreendida como um conjunto de produções que absorve a perspectiva plural no que se refere a influências metódicas e de marcos teóricos, além de um olhar voltado para o indivíduo. O estudo se dá a partir da análise da produção geográfica brasileira contemporânea, mais especificamente da primeira década do século XXI, que utiliza como suporte teórico a noção de mundo vivido – presente nas formulações de autores anglo-saxões como Anne Buttimer, Yi-Fu Tuan, Edward Relph e David Lowenthal – e o conceito de espaço vivido, do francês Armand Frémont. Nota-se que esta dupla orientação aponta para a existência de uma instabilidade conceitual, que traz elementos da fenomenologia de Edmund Husserl, juntamente com conceitos inerentes à psicologia. Diante desta constatação, o artigo apresenta a contribuição dos geógrafos franceses Augustin Berque e André-Louis Sanguin, bem como dos geógrafos brasileiros Milton Santos e Werther Holzer, além da perspectiva analítica do sociólogo francês Alain Touraine e dos filósofos, também franceses, Jean-Paul Sartre e Jean-Marc Besse.
La vida desechable. Una mirada necropolítica a la contención migratoria actual
Authors: García González Sheila
Published: December 2020

Las políticas migratorias actuales perseveran en su empeño de reforzar los dispositivos fronterizos en aras de frenar los flujos migratorios no deseados. La fantasía política de contención migratoria redunda en un aumento de la mortalidad, en sintonía con un incremento de la vulnerabilidad y la inseguridad para las personas que se desplazan forzadamente, a la vez que se intensifica la xenofobia y la aporofobia en las sociedades receptoras. Para los sistemas neoliberales globales, según criterios puramente mercantilistas, una vida vale en la medida que contribuye al progreso económico. Es por ello por lo que las y los migrantes y refugiados conforman la vida desechable. Aplicar la categoría necropolítica al fenómeno migratorio permite ahondar en estas cuestiones desde un enfoque crítico con las políticas migratorias actuales, apelar a los derechos humanos y, en última instancia, reivindicar desde una perspectiva ética el valor de la vida humana.
A Novel Argument for Vegetarianism? Zoopolitics and Respect for Animal Corpses
Authors: Milburn Josh
Published: December 2020

This paper offers a novel argument against the eating of meat: the zoopolitical case for vegetarianism. The argument is, in brief, that eating meat involves the disrespect of an animal’s corpse, and this is respect that the animal is owed because they are a member of our political community. At least three features of this case are worthy of note. First, it draws upon political philosophy, rather than moral philosophy. Second, it is a case for vegetarianism, and not a case for veganism. Third, while it is animal-focussed, it does not rely upon a claim about the wrong of inflicting death and suffering upon animals. The paper sets out the argument, responds to two challenges (that the argument is merely academic, and that the argument does not go far enough), and concludes by comparing the case to Cora Diamond’s classic argument for vegetarianism.
[Review] Kristen Guest and Monica Mattfield, editors. Equestrian Cultures: Horse, Humans, Human Society, and the Discourse of Modernity. Animal Lives Series, University of Chicago Press, 2019. 276 pp.
Authors: Woodward Wendy
Published: December 2020

[Review] Kristen Guest and Monica Mattfield, editors. Equestrian Cultures: Horse, Humans, Human Society, and the Discourse of Modernity. Animal Lives Series, University of Chicago Press, 2019. 276 pp. Differences in equestrian cultures have recently been brought home to me. My horse moved to a newly established yard which soon developed into one catering only for endurance racing horses. The horses were kept in small pens, only permitted into the stony field every second day. Human attitudes to the horses were functionalist with the horses always for sale to the highest bidder from the UAE. Galahad is back now at a happy hacking yard where the horses stand out all day, graze in green grass and function as a herd. One of his paddock mates, however, is a horse rescued from the notorious bush-racing. Horses, mostly stolen, are drafted into gang culture and raced at night near Cape Town. Three instances of horses living differently, yet always commodified as ‘products of modernity’ (1), as Guest and Mattfield put it in their introduction.
[Review] Paula Acari. Making Sense of ‘Food’ Animals: A Critical Exploration of the Persistence of Meat. Palgrave Macmillan, 2019. 356 pp.
Authors: Lockwood Alex
Published: December 2020

[Review] Paula Acari. Making Sense of ‘Food’ Animals: A Critical Exploration of the Persistence of Meat. Palgrave Macmillan, 2019. 356 pp. There are many audiences for Paula Acari’s new book on the persistence of meat as edible matter, Making Sense of Food Animals, and not all of them academic. One of the striking facets of this well-researched, clearly argued and empirical analysis, drawing on 41 interviews with Australian meat eaters and meat producers, is the lessons for animal advocacy organisations for rethinking their messaging strategies. Central to the book’s argument is Acari’s challenge to narratives of transparency and visibility, often employed by such groups, made famous by activist Linda McCartney’s claim that ‘if slaughterhouses had glass walls, everyone would be a vegetarian’ (often wrongly attributed to her husband, Paul). Acari demonstrates, drawing on interview data and a robust interpretation of Foucauldian theory, that both looking and knowing are easily absorbed into the ‘already encoded eye’ of a human gaze that comes pre-trained by the ‘normalised entitlement’ of animal exploitation (263); as such, without a ‘de- or re-coding’ of that human gaze, calls for more transparency of slaughtering merely reinforce rather than disrupt the sense of animals’ edibility. As the cognitive linguist George Lakoff advises those advocating for change, it is unwise to utilise the stories of those whose power you wish to disrupt. Recirculating such stories strengthens the existing cognitive models and the beliefs which rest upon them. To challenge such cognitive codification, which, in relation to the edibility of animals, has ‘been socially, culturally and economically normalised over centuries’ (274), requires a more radical approach that highlights existing mechanisms of power, and has ‘rigorous, comprehensive strategies ready to challenge and refute them, not simply piecemeal responses as part of an apparently balanced discussion or debate’ (291). Acari’s book is a useful tool in helping animal advocacy groups rethink their campaigns to construct (and test) new messages that might ‘land’ with meat eaters, whose cognitive models continue to ‘make sense’ of animals as edible. What Acari hopes is that we reach a ‘heterotopia’ where it makes ‘no sense’ that animals are edible. As she readily admits, this is a ‘big nut to crack’. But that doesn’t mean we shouldn’t try, nor try to be more effective in our efforts.
The Illegal Wildlife Trade: Through The Eyes of a One-Year-Old Pangolin (Manis javanica)
Authors: Bridgeland-Stephens Lelia
Published: December 2020

This paper explores the literature on the illegal wildlife trade (IWT) by following the journey of a single imagined Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica) through the entire trading process. Literature on IWT frequently refers to non-human animals in terms of collectives, species, or body parts, for example ‘tons of pangolin scales’, rather than as subjective individuals. In contrast, this paper centralizes the experiences of an individual pangolin by using a cross- disciplinary methodology, combining fact with a fictional narrative of subjective pangolin experience, in an empathetic and egomorphic process. The paper draws together known legislation, trade practices, and pangolin biology, structured around the journey of an imagined pangolin. At each stage of IWT, from poaching to consumption, the relationships between various actors are contextualized, helping to untangle the complex networks and relationships (both human-human and human-animal) involved in IWT. Concluding recommendations are made about ways to address IWT, including supporting locals in source areas, educating consumers, and improving law enforcement. It is hoped that this methodology will be applied to further studies of human and non-human animal interactions in this area of research, in order to individualize non-human animals and recognize their subjective experiences.
Amorous Anthropomorphism, Marine Conservation and the Wonder of Wildlife Film in Isabella Rossellini’s Green Porno
Authors: Wade Sarah
Published: December 2020

Green Porno is a series of short films in which Isabella Rossellini explores the reproductive lives of creatures whose physiology and habitats are vastly different from humans. In series three, Rossellini comically performs sea creature sex and draws attention to the threats they face from human activities like overfishing. Through Green Porno, Rossellini claimed that she wanted to evoke a sense of wonder to compel viewers to protect wildlife. Recognizing wonder’s widely acknowledged ethical and compassion-inducing potential as well as its prevalence in wildlife film and television shows, this article discusses Green Porno in relation to the awe-inspiring ‘pornographic’ tendencies of wildlife film (Lorimer) and the marvellous anthropomorphism in the films of Jean Painlevé. I demonstrate how Green Porno acknowledges, parodies and critiques the wonder-inducing ‘pornographic’ and anthropomorphic tendencies of wildlife film through a crafted aesthetic and camp performances to encourage viewers to reconsider their relationships with marine wildlife, or at least with wildlife on screen, at this time of ecological crisis.
Thoughts on the socialisation of preventive archaeological conservation in Spain
Authors: Pastor Pérez Ana
Published: December 2020

This paper proposes a reflection on the evolution of the concept of preventive conservation in archaeology and its social interaction (or socialization), from a reflexive and theoretical point of view. It is a manuscript that outlines the current role of Preventive Conservation Plans and how the participation of society in heritage management is addressed. Heritage is understood as a multi-temporal entity that transcends the materiality of the object and enables us to turn towards a preventive archaeological conservation that preserves current contexts and their stories, integrated into participatory or community archaeology. Through a series of questions, the reader will become an active player in questioning who conservation actions are targeted at, whether society or experts. Lastly, it will outline some proposals for promoting a preventive conservation that tackles, transforms and broadens its desired social dimension.
Evidence-Based Strength and Conditioning Plan for Freestyle Snowboarding Athletes
Authors: Dann Rick A. , Kelly Vincent
Published: December 2020

Competitive snowboarding (SB) has rapidly grown in popularity since its introduction into the Olympics in 1998. This growth has seen a significant increase in trick difficulty and the associated physical demands required for success. Despite the increase in physical requirements, there are currently no evidence-based recommendations that incorporate strength and conditioning or injury prevention programs. This article draws on current research that details the physical demands of SB and integrates relevant strength and conditioning principles to create an evidence-based training plan. This plan highlights the essential physical attributes for snowboard athletes that are important for successful performance and mitigating injury risk.
El joven Simonet y el esplendor de la civilización árabe
Authors: López García Bernabé
Published: December 2020

En 1857 el arabista malagueño Francisco Javier Simonet inauguró una cátedra de “Historia Literaria de los árabes en España” con un Discurso sobre la importancia de los estudios árabes claramente laudatorio de las virtudes y logros de la civilización árabe. El contenido de esta lección magistral fue dado a la luz en las páginas de la revista El Occidente y fue reproducido por la revista La América en dos números en diciembre de 1858. El interés que presenta para la historia del arabismo estriba en que nos presenta a un joven Simonet muy influenciado por la idealización de los árabes del romanticismo, que insiste en el contraste del desarrollo alcanzado por dicha civilización en contraste con la decadencia de la cultura en la Europa medieval. Simonet evolucionará años después hacia posiciones diametralmente opuestas para convertirse en el detractor por excelencia entre los arabistas españolas de la civilización musulmana. La REIM reproduce las dos entregas del citado Discurso.
A contação de histórias para crianças autistas
Authors: Battistello Viviane Cristina Mattos , Elicker Ana Teresinha , Volmer Lovani , Martins Rosemari Lorenz
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo visa apresentar o relato de uma prática de mediação de leitura para crianças pré-escolares autistas com nível leve. A metodologia fundamentou-se nos pressupostos teóricos e no uso de um programa de adaptação de leitura com recurso de apoio visual, visto que é uma alternativa para o desenvolvimento do letramento emergente de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). Os resultados mostraram que as práticas de leitura apresentam papel relevante na socialização de crianças, pois incentiva a interação social, a autonomia e o letramento emergente. As considerações finais reafirmaram os resultados obtidos em pesquisas anteriores, sobre a contribuição da mediação de leitura para o desenvolvimento do letramento emergente de crianças com TEA, principalmente porque a intervenção precoce auxilia no processo de alfabetização.
Conhecimento linguístico do letrado acerca das expressões de futuridade
Authors: De Araújo-Adriano Paulo Ângelo
Published: December 2020

Considerando o português adquirido naturalmente como L1 e o ensinado nas escolas como L2, dados orais e escritos de: a) crianças em fase de aquisição; b) estudantes entre a 1ª a 8ª série; e c) acadêmicos; foram analisados, haja vista as expressões de futuridade: a) futuro sintético; b) “ir” + infinitivo; c) “haver + de”; e d) forma de presente. Ademais, contrastamos esses dados com peças históricas do português brasileiro (PB) entre o século XVI-XXI. Os resultados mostram que o futuro sintético não é adquirido naturalmente e, somente na escrita, quanto maior a escolaridade, maior sua frequência; a estrutura adquirida naturalmente é “ir” + infinitivo, usada tanto na oralidade, quanto na escrita, independentemente do grau de escolaridade. Verificamos também que a escola recupera somente alguns fósseis linguísticos, não todos. Propomos, pois, que a língua-I do letrado consiste na forma “ir” + infinitivo como parte da gramática nuclear e na forma sintética como parte da gramática periférica.
Gêneros discursivos e Crítica Genética
Authors: Pereira Márcia Helena de Melo , Prado Anne Carolline Dias Rocha
Published: December 2020

Neste trabalho, propomos uma aproximação entre o conceito de gênero e a Crítica Genética, a partir da análise de dados do processo de construção de uma resenha escrita por uma dupla de estudantes universitários. A noção de gênero que adotamos é a de Bakhtin (2011), para quem gêneros são “tipos relativamente estáveis de enunciados” produzidos pelas esferas de utilização da língua. Para tratarmos da Crítica Genética, área da Literatura que dá ao texto a perspectiva do processo, recorremos, entre outros, a Salles (2000) e Biasi (2006). Assim como fazem os geneticistas, lançamos um olhar para o processo: o que nos interessa é o vir a ser e não apenas o produto. Nossas análises mostraram que dados processuais nos permitem chegar a detalhes muito específicos da construção do texto, os quais não teríamos acesso apenas com o texto pronto, como os motivos que levaram os estudantes a fazerem determinadas escolhas genéricas.
Intercultural Communication in the Professional Training of Master’s Students: Concept and Structure of a Joint Educational Project
Authors: Földes Csaba , Furmanova Valentina P.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The area of intercultural communication with its system-forming theory, empirical research and implementation is gaining currency both in academic research and in the professional training of students. Regarding the latter aspect, there is a need (a) for developing a concept for the training of master’s students with knowledge of foreign languages; (b) for the introduction of new educational practices that successfully combine intercultural communication, foreign language and the modeling of communicative behavior in foreign language communication with its further reproduction in language practice in the students’ native language as well as (c) for the introduction of an educational project using modern technologies in the practice of institutions of higher education. The paper discusses the concept, structure and content of an educational project relying on the experience of higher education in Russia and Germany and aims to work towards an understanding of the social significance of future professional activities, primarily concerning the specific problems as well as of the adequacy of social and professional contacts in intercultural communication. Materials and Methods. Based on the subject, object and objectives of the study, the project’s methodological plan was implemented in the following stages: project planning, development of the fundamental features of the concept; determination of the project’s content; project modeling; introduction to the training of master’s students of various specialties at institutions of higher education. The methodological basis of the project consisted of the analysis of intercultural communication between representatives of the German and the Russian linguocultural community as well as the exchange of experience between them and their comparison. Results. Following the study and the exchange of experience between the institutions of higher education of Russia and Germany, the need for an integrative educational course was revealed, aiming at the improvement and optimization of intercultural communication skills at the level of both professional and personal communication with the goal to prepare master’s students for their future as researchers and practitioners. The educational project presented in the paper drawing on an eponymous integrative course will increase the efficiency of the training of master’s students from various specialized fields and prepare them for successful communication processes with representatives of other linguocultural communities. Discussion and Conclusion. The contents of this paper will be useful for researchers interested in optimizing the preparation of master’s students with knowledge in foreign languages by applying international experience.
Термічна деструкція гранульованого палива з міскантуса
Authors: Корінчевська Тетяна Володимирівна , Михайлик Вячеслав Аврамович
Published: December 2020

Плантації енергетичних культур (верба, тополя, міскантус та ін.) забезпечують виробництво не тільки ефективного біопалива, а й поліпшують екологічний стан довкілля за рахунок інтенсивного поглинання вуглекислого газу з атмосфери. Ефективною сировиною для виробництва твердого біопалива є міскантус. В статті представлені результати термічного аналізу біопалива з міскантуса та дослідження щодо впливу на термічну деструкцію гранульованого палива фракційного складу сировини, температури і тиску гранулювання. В роботі використані зразки гранул, отримані при холодному пресуванні, механоактивації та термічній активації сировини. Методами термогравіметрії та диференційного термічного аналізу визначено температурні інтервали зневоднення, термічного розкладання органічних і мінеральних речовин, середні швидкості термічного розкладання органічних сполук, вологість та зольність зразків біопалива. Для всіх зразків гранульованого палива з міскантуса характерні стадії зневоднення, термічного розкладання органічних сполук, що супроводжується видаленням газоподібних продуктів, та розкладання мінеральних речовин. Найбільша швидкість виходу газоподібних речовин спостерігалась у гранул з механоактивованої та термічно активованої сировини, найменша – у гранули з полідисперсної фракції після холодного пресування. Було встановлено, що механоактивація і термічна активація сировини впливають на процес термічної деструкції – збільшується інтенсивність розкладання органічних речовин. Виявлено, що механоактивація сировини є найбільш суттєвим фактором впливу на кінетику термодеструкції. Під час термічного розкладання гранул, переважно з термічною активацією матеріалу в процесі гранулювання, у високотемпературному періоді розкладання спостерігалися мікровибухи.
Основні аспекти процесів теплоакумулювання
Authors: Демченко Володимир Георгійович , Коник Аліна Василівна
Published: December 2020

Системи та обладнання для зберігання теплової енергії є ключовими елементами при розгортанні відновлюваної теплової енергетики, актуальність якої на даному етапі розвитку набуває масштабного значення. Представлена стаття охоплює короткий аналіз сучасного стану основних технологій інтенсифікації процесів збереження теплоти, аналіз основних технологічних, технічних аспектів, що виникають при розробці теплових акумуляторів та за реальних умов їх експлуатації. Зокрема, обґрунтовано доцільність застосування теплового акумулювання, проаналізовано шляхи підвищення ефективності економії енергії, визначено основні аспекти процесів акумуляції теплоти.
При обґрунтуванні доцільності застосування теплового акумулювання проаналізовано співвідношення поверхні та об’єму теплового акумулятора, що тісно пов'язані з розмірами складових елементів та продуктивністю системи зберігання теплоти. Це співвідношення теоретично вказує, як можливо підвищити коефіцієнт корисної дії та продуктивність систем зберігання теплової енергії. Доведено підвищення ефективності та економії енергії при врахуванні сезонних факторів та пікових навантажень. Розглянуто основні аспекти технологічної інтенсифікації процесів акумуляції теплоти, які полягають у подоланні теплової стратифікації рідинних теплових акумуляторів, обґрунтуванні модульного дизайну конструкції, посиленні передачі теплоти та маси, а також в зміні властивостей матеріалу при фазовому переході.
Розглянуті аспекти при їх реалізації дозволяють оптимізувати роботу генеруючого обладнання з максимально можливим ККД системи теплопостачання, шляхом вирівнювання  графіку навантаження у співвідношенні «генерація - споживання», а також розвантажити технологічне обладнання, знизити споживання паливно-енергетичних ресурсів. Як наслідок, знижується собівартість отриманої енергії та зменшуються шкідливі викиди в оточуюче середовище.
Formation and Normalization of Legal Terminology in the Field of Digital Technologies
Authors: Davydova Marina
Published: December 2020

Based on the latest legal texts, the article examines the process of forming the terminology of legal acts used in the digital technology field. The empirical base of the study consists of two blocks of legal texts: acts of strategic planning (strategies, national programs, passports of federal projects, etc.) and regulatory legal acts (federal laws and their projects) published in the period from 2016 to 2019. The peculiarities of lexical representation of the first group of documents (unsystematic use of terms, the use of metaphors and many words in quotation marks, excessive definitions and explanations, erosion of terminological apparatus of jurisprudence) indicate, in the author's opinion, two main features of the language of programmatic and strategic documents related to the field of digital technologies: 1) the declarative nature of the text, a large number of journalistic expressions have an emotional rather than rational effect; 2) there is no established scientific terminology and professional language which one can use in order to speak about digital legal relations. The second group of texts is now small in number but allows us to conclude that a much more careful approach to the terminological apparatus is taken. In general, the process of forming a legal terminological system in the field of digital technologies goes through several stages: the formation of the terminology of information technology field (largely due to borrowings from the English language); the inclusion of term-like units in the language of programmatic and strategic documents; development of legal terms proper, enshrined in the texts of regulatory legal acts.
Trabalho, saúde e vulnerabilidade na pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Santos Kionna Oliveira Bernardes , Fernandes Rita de Cássia Pereira , Almeida Milena Maria Cordeiro de , Miranda Samilly Silva , Mise Yukari Figueroa , Lima Monica Angelim Gomes de
Published: December 2020

Este ensaio discute as repercussões da pandemia COVID-19 na relação trabalho e saúde, sob a perspectiva do risco e vulnerabilidade de trabalhadores. A pandemia tem se configurado como uma crise humanitária, uma vez que tanto a doença quanto as medidas de contenção desta geram efeitos socioeconômicos persistentes. Nesse contexto, a categoria trabalho assume um papel relevante, seja pela viabilidade de manutenção do distanciamento social e das condições de vida permitidas pelo vínculo de trabalho, seja pela impossibilidade de adoção das estratégias de proteção devido à precarização do trabalho. A construção do ensaio iniciou com base numa revisão da literatura na interface COVID-19 e saúde dos trabalhadores, realizada de dezembro de 2019 a abril de 2020, nas bases PubMed, BIREME, Cochrane Library, medRxiv e LitCovid, bem como da literatura cinza. Profissionais de saúde são mais acometidos, mas também com maior acesso ao diagnóstico, persistindo lacunas sobre as demais categorias profissionais, bem como sobre os determinantes sociais que implicam uma maior vulnerabilidade relacionada ao trabalho. A pandemia coincide no Brasil com uma conjuntura na qual trabalhadoras(es) acumulam perdas relevantes de direitos trabalhistas e previdenciários, somadas às desigualdades sociais preexistentes, ao exemplo de precariedade de moradia, com maiores exposição e risco. Embora a evolução da pandemia ainda esteja em curso, prevê-se que as desigualdades sociais se intensificarão com a profunda retração da economia, e trabalhadores devem ser alvo prioritário da atenção no controle e disseminação da doença, além de eixo articulador das políticas públicas de proteção social e à saúde.
ENTRE LIBERAIS E TECNICISTAS: A DIDÁTICA NAS REFORMAS DO ENSINO
Authors: OLIVEIRA FERNANDO BONADIA DE
Published: December 2020

RESUMO: A transformação da Didática vem sendo perseguida pela escola brasileira desde a Reforma de 1928 no Distrito Federal. Quase noventa anos depois de muitas outras tentativas de reforma, as autoridades políticas promoveram, no Brasil, um novo projeto de remodelação do ensino (Lei nº 13.415/2017). A reforma atual afeta a educação nacional em todos os níveis, e, embora muitos reconheçam que seu fundamento já esteja contido em determinações oficiais anteriores, seus defensores a divulgam como uma autêntica renovação. Este artigo pretende evidenciar que a atual reforma brasileira repete impasses de reformas passadas, todas ineficazes para alterar, de forma substancial, a natureza geral da Didática tradicionalmente admitida. Nessa interpretação histórica, especial enfoque será dado à relação entre a atual reforma e a reforma escolar da ditadura (Lei nº 5.692/1971). Aponta-se, finalmente, a persistência temporal de certa convivência nociva entre a pedagogia liberal e o tecnicismo pedagógico no Brasil.
Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos: análise e influência do contexto da organização de saúde municipal na implantação, 2012-2013
Authors: Barreto Idalacy de Carvalho , Vidal Suely Arruda , Vanderlei Lygia Carmen de Moraes , Carvalho Patrícia Ismael de , Frias Paulo Germano de
Published: December 2020

Resumo Introdução O Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos (Sinasc) é essencial para o cálculo dos indicadores de saúde, devendo fornecer informação de qualidade. Objetivo Avaliar a influência do contexto organizacional na implantação do Sinasc. Método Estudo avaliativo de casos múltiplos desenvolvido em nove municípios, mediante análise de implantação a partir do modelo lógico e matriz de indicadores. Para apreciação do contexto, foram adotadas as categorias Projeto de Governo, Capacidade de Governo e Governabilidade do Sistema (Triângulo de Matus), e para o grau de implantação, os indicadores de estrutura e processo relacionados à: Gestão; Distribuição e Controle; Emissão e Preenchimento; Coleta; Processamento; e Análise e Divulgação. Os resultados foram imbricados segundo o referencial teórico. Resultados Dos nove municípios, o contexto organizacional mostrou-se “Favorável” em seis e “Desfavorável” em três. Quanto ao grau, um foi classificado como Implantado (82,8%); cinco, Parcialmente implantados (variando de 79,3 a 62,6%); e três, Incipientes (variando de 57% a 46,1%). Conclusão Contextos políticos organizacionais favoráveis relacionaram-se à melhor implantação do Sinasc, influenciando um ao outro e interagindo entre si. Foram identificados desafios a serem superados, a exemplo de Projeto de Governo que priorize o sistema e investimentos na capacidade e autonomia técnica, essenciais para se dispor de informações adequadas e oportunas.
Probable vertical transmission identified within six hours of life
Authors: Pessoa Fabrício Silva , Vale Marynéa Silva do , Marques Patrícia Franco , Figueira Susana da Silva , Salgado Izabel Athayde da Silva Cruz , Mochel Roberta de Sousa Wernz Cancian
Published: December 2020

SUMMARY We present the case of 33 weeks + weeks pregnant patient (G1P0), with proven COVID-19 infection by RT-PCR and, at admission, she presented with a dry cough and “tiredness when talking,”. Chest computed tomography was performed, which showed the presence of attenuations with ground glass opacification and bilateral consolidations. She then had a cesarean section because of maternal respiratory decompensation. She was transferred to the ICU of the same hospital with an O2 catheter. The newborn was transferred to the neonatal ICU of the same hospital in ambient air and maintained in respiratory and contact isolation. RT-PCR was collected for SARS-COV-2 at 6 h of life, which was positive. Faced with the knowledge gap on vertical transmission, RT-PCR for SARS-COV-2 at 6 h of life gives cause for concern, thus representing the possibility of vertical transmission by SARS-COV-2, although additional investigations are required.
Pain and anxiety in office histeroscopy
Authors: Rolim Mayanna Oliveira , Morais Ana Luiza Ramos , Nogueira Camila Sampaio , Araujo Maria do Socorro Monte de , Moraes Denise Vasconcelos de , Coelho Raquel Autran
Published: December 2020

SUMMARY BACKGROUND: Anxiety is almost always present before medical interventions and may play a role in pain perception. We aim to evaluate factors associated with pain intensity reported by patients submitted to Office Hysteroscopy (OH). METHODS: Cross-sectional observational study, with data from April to November 2015. It included patients attended at the Assis Chateaubriand Maternity School (MEAC/UFC) with an indication of office hysteroscopy. Before the examination, the patients answered a validated questionnaire about anxiety (STAI). After the examination, women answered the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 15.0, with Spearman correlation, Mann-Whitney U-test, and analyses of variance. RESULTS: 252 patients were included, with a mean age of 45.7 years, of whom 29% were postmenopausal (mean pain 5.5) and 71% were in menacme (mean pain 5.1) (p = 0.258). The anxiety trait and state showed a significant influence on the pain scale (p <0.001 and p=0.001), but age or endometrial sample did not. 27% of the patients were nulliparous. Less pain was associated with the number (p=0.01) and vaginal (p=0.005) of deliveries. The main indication for the procedure was abnormal uterine bleeding (54.4%). CONCLUSION: OH may be associated with moderate but tolerable discomfort. There was a significant correlation between higher scores on the pain scale and anxiety. There was evidence of reduced pain with parity and type of delivery, but not with reproductive age or endometrial biopsy.
Predictive value of plasma copeptin level for diagnosis and mortality of pulmonary embolism
Authors: Ozmen Caglar , Deveci Onur Sinan , Karaaslan Muhammet Bugra , Baydar Oya , Akray Anil , Deniz Ali , Cagliyan Caglar Emre , Hanta Ismail , Usal Ayhan
Published: December 2020

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Early diagnosis and risk stratification may provide a better prognosis in pulmonary embolism (PE). Copeptin has emerged as a valuable predictive biomarker in various cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of copeptin in patients with acute PE and to evaluate its relationship with disease severity and PE-related death. METHODS: Fifty-four patients and 60 healthy individuals were included in this study. Copeptin concentrations and right ventricular dysfunction were analyzed. The correlation between copeptin levels and hemodynamic and echocardiographic parameters was examined. After these first measurements, patients were evaluated with PE-related mortality at the one-year follow-up. RESULTS: The copeptin levels were higher in PE patients than in the control group (8.3 ng/mL vs 3.8 ng/mL, p<0.001). Copeptin levels were found to be significantly higher in patients with PE-related death and right ventricular dysfunction (10.2 vs 7.5 ng/ml, p=0.001; 10.5 vs 7.5 ng/ml, p=0.002, respectively). When the cut-off value of copeptin was ≥5.85, its sensitivity and specificity for predicting PE were 71.9% and 85.0%, respectively (AUC=0.762, 95% CI=0.635-0.889, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The copeptin measurement had moderate sensitivity and specificity in predicting the diagnosis of PE, and the copeptin level was significantly higher in patients with PE-related death at the one-year follow-up. Copeptin may be a useful new biomarker in predicting diagnosis, risk stratification, and prognosis of PE.
Index of cardiac-electrophysiological balance and the effects of thrombolytic therapy on the electrocardiogram of patients with pulmonary embolism
Authors: Alsancak Yakup , Sahın Ahmet Taha , Gurbuz Ahmet Seyfeddin , Sertdemir Ahmet Lutfi , Icli Abdullah , Akilli Hakan , Duzenli Mehmet Akif
Published: December 2020

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Different parameters on electrocardiograms (ECG) have been investigated to predict arrhythmia and mortality in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (APE). The acute effect of thrombolytic therapy (TT) on these parameters has not been investigated yet. METHODS: We examined the data of 83 patients who were evaluated as high-risk APE and discharged from the hospital after TT. First, the high-risk APE patients’ ECGs were compared with healthy control subjects (n = 55). After their admission and 24 hours later, the ECGs of patients with APE were compared. Heart rate, P-wave morphology, QRS duration, QT distance, Tp-e, and the index of cardiac electrophysiological balance (iCEB) were analyzed. RESULTS: Although P maximum was not different between the groups’ ECGs, heart rate, QT, QTc (corrected QT) interval, Tp-e intervals, Tp-e/QT ratio, and P wave dispersion were significantly higher in the APE group ( P values < 0.031). iCEB or iCEBc (corrected iCEB) values were lower in APE group ( P < 0.001). After TT, we determined a decrease in heart rate, Tp-e interval, and Tp-e/QT ratio ( P < 0.001). Although we detected a decrease in the QT and QTc interval and QT dispersion (QTd), QTd had no statistical significance (respectively P -value 0.013, 0.029, and 0.096). The iCEB and iCEBc levels were lower after TT ( P -value was 0.035 and 0.044 respectively). CONCLUSION: The QT, QTc, Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QTc ratio, iCEB, and iCEBc values significantly decreased after TT. It may be thought that effective TT causes partial improvement in ventricular repolarization in an early period.
Frontal plane QRS-T angle may be a predictor for post-coronary artery bypass graft surgery atrial fibrillation
Authors: Kuyumcu Mevlüt Serdar , Uysal Dinçer , Özbay Mustafa Bilal , Aydın Oğuz , İbrişim Erdoğan
Published: December 2020

SUMMARY BACKGROUND: New-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is the most common arrhythmia following coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) and is associated with prolonged hospitalization, stroke, and mortality. The frontal plane QRS-T [f(QRS-T)] angle, which is defined as the angle between the directions of ventricular depolarization (QRS-axis) and repolarization (T-axis), is a novel marker of ventricular repolarization heterogeneity. The f(QRS-T) angle is associated with adverse cardiac outcomes. In light of these findings, in this study, we aimed to investigate the potential relationship between the f(QRS-T) angle and POAF. METHODS: 180 patients who underwent CABG between August 2017 and September 2018 were included in the study retrospectively. Two groups were established as patients who preserved postoperative sinus rhythm (n=130) and those who developed POAF (n=50). The f(QRS-T) angle and all other data were compared between groups. RESULTS: The fF(QRS-T) angle (p<0.001), SYNTAX score (p=0.039), serum high-sensitivity CRP levels (p=0.026), mean age (p<0.001), electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy rate (LVH) (p=0.019), and hypertension rate (p=0.007) were higher, and the mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (p<0.001) was lower in the POAF group. Multivariable logistic regression analyses demonstrated that lower LVEF (p=0.004), LVH (p=0.041), and higher age (p=0.008) and f(QRS-T) angle (p<0.001) were independently associated with POAF. CONCLUSIONS: High f(QRS-T) angle level is closely associated with the development of POAF. The f(QRS-T) angle can be a potential indicator of POAF.
Is ionizing radiation a risk factor for anxiety in employees?
Authors: Mansiroglu Aslı Kurtar , Erer Murat , Coşgun Mehmet , Sincer Isa , Güneş Yılmaz
Published: December 2020

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Workers describe many physical and mental symptoms when working in radiation areas. This study aimed to assess these symptoms in radiation workers using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). METHODS: A total of 42 radiation workers (22 males and 20 females, mean age 34±7 years) and 47 control subjects (22 males and 27 females, mean age 31± 8 years) who work in non-radiation areas in the hospital were included in the study. All participants anonymously filled out the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) questionnaire. RESULTS: The demographic data of workers were not significantly different between groups. In the BAI, the dizzy or lightheaded (p =0.01), terrified (p= 0.01), unsteady (p=0.02), heart-pounding and racing (p=0.02) items were significantly higher in the radiation-exposed group compared to the control group. |The BAI score was also significantly higher in the radiation-exposed group (11.1±6.8 vs. 8.7±3.8, p =0.04) CONCLUSION: These results suggest the possibility that radiation may play a role in the psychometric properties of workers. The effects of radiation on the health of employees need to be further investigated and understood.
Evaluation of re-hospitalized COVID-19 patients in a hospital
Authors: Durmus Ensar , Guneysu Fatih
Published: December 2020

SUMMARY PURPOSE: This study intends to investigate the reasons for re-hospitalization, complaints, and prognoses of COVID-19 patients after being discharged. METHODS: COVID-19 patients who were re-hospitalized at the Sakarya University Training and Research Hospital were examined. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), tomography and laboratory results, demographic characteristics, and prognostic results were recorded retrospectively. RESULTS: A total of 60 patients, including 26 males (43.3%) and 34 females (56.7%), with repeated admissions to the hospital for COVID-19 symptoms, were included in the study with a mean age of 56.9 (± 22.5) (median value = 61, age range = 3–88). The number of days of the second hospitalization was statistically significantly higher (p < 0.05). Patient age and number of days of hospitalization were strongly positively correlated (p < 0.01). A total of 11 patients (18%) had negative results in their first RT-PCR and subsequently tested positive in their second hospitalization. In addition, 10 (17.5%) of the patients who underwent thoracic tomography had unilateral involvement, 34 (59.6%) had bilateral involvement, and 13 (22.8%) had no significant results. Note that 4 (6.6%) of the patients re-hospitalized died in the hospital, while 56 (93.4%) were discharged once more. All of the four patients that died were female with a mean age of 81.5 years. CONCLUSION: Particularly patients with advanced age and comorbidities should be examined more carefully when discharged; if their complaints are repeated, they should be advised to quickly contact the emergency service.