bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kroll, Murakami, and Seneviratne Receive 2013 James B. Macelwane Medals: Citation for Jesse H. Kroll
Authors: Kolb Charles
Published: January 2014

Jesse Kroll is playing a leading role in unraveling the extremely complex multiphase atmospheric chemistry of organic molecules emitted by both anthropogenic activities and biogenic processes. His work is particularly important because atmospheric organic species form a large fraction of airborne submicron particulate matter (PM), which is responsible for most of the adverse human health effects, including premature mortality, attributed to poor air quality. Submicron aerosol PM also drives important direct and indirect impacts on atmospheric radiative transfer, causing much of the uncertainty in our understanding of current, and predictions of future, climate change.
Kroll, Murakami, and Seneviratne Receive 2013 James B. Macelwane Medals: Response
Authors: Kroll Jesse H.
Published: January 2014

Thanks, Chuck, for the kind words and for the nomination, and thanks to AGU for this great honor. I consider myself extremely lucky to have received this award and luckier still to have worked (and to continue to work) with so many impressive and generous people throughout the atmospheric chemistry community. I owe them all a great deal of thanks.
Kroll, Murakami, and Seneviratne Receive 2013 James B. Macelwane Medals: Citation for Motohiko Murakami
Authors: Bass Jay
Published: January 2014

The James B. Macelwane Medal of AGU is presented to Motohiko Murakami for his discovery of the postperovskite phase of MgSiO3, for a new class of sound velocity measurements under lower mantle pressure‐temperature conditions that have changed our view of whole‐Earth chemistry, and for other fundamental contributions that have furthered our understanding of the Earth's deep interior.
Kroll, Murakami, and Seneviratne Receive 2013 James B. Macelwane Medals: Response
Authors: Murakami Motohiko
Published: January 2014

Thank you very much, Jay, for your generous citation and for all of your support. It is a great honor for me to receive this medal. First, I sincerely thank AGU for this recognition and my nominators for their support and time.
Kroll, Murakami, and Seneviratne Receive 2013 James B. Macelwane Medals: Response
Authors: Seneviratne Sonia I.
Published: January 2014

Thank you, Niki, for this very kind citation. Not only are you generous in your support, you are also an outstanding and inspiring scientist as well as a great colleague at ETH Zurich. I would also like to thank all those who supported my nomination and AGU's Macelwane committee for choosing me for this great honor. This means a lot to me: The first scientific conference I ever attended was organized by AGU and gave me a lasting motivation to work in science.
Mark A. Cane Receives 2013 Maurice Ewing Medal: Citation
Authors: Philander S. George
Published: January 2014

Mark Cane started his career when theories for the ocean circulation were “dreamlike” (in the words of Henry Stommel). He made major contributions to a complete change in those perceptions by producing theoretical results that explain and by developing computer models that simulate realistically the variability of the complex system of tropical currents, undercurrents, and countercurrents. His results served as the basis for the design of several international field programs in the three tropical oceans whose different dimensions and different surface winds provide stringent tests for the results concerning the interactions between the waves and currents that determine how the oceans adjust to changing winds.
Mark A. Cane Receives 2013 Maurice Ewing Medal: Response
Authors: Cane Mark A.
Published: January 2014

I must first pay tribute to Klaus Wyrtki, a hero of mine who passed away earlier this year. At a time when ideas about El Niño pointed all over the place, he told me that Bjerknes's hypothesis was the way forward. He was right, of course, but Bjerknes stopped short of explaining the oscillatory nature of ENSO, and it took Klaus's tide gauge data to show that ocean dynamics is the answer. His analysis was masterful, but there would have been nothing much to analyze without his incredible effort to deploy those tide gauges in atolls and islands throughout the tropical Pacific. My magnum opus may fairly be described as translating Bjerknes‐Wyrtki into a numerical model.
Soroosh Sorooshian Receives 2013 Robert E. Horton Medal: Response
Authors: Sorooshian Soroosh
Published: January 2014

It is a true honor to be named the 2013 Robert E. Horton medalist by AGU. To be considered for such an honor, one must be nominated for consideration. I am grateful to Jasper Vrugt for having led my nomination and to colleagues who wrote supporting letters on my behalf.
Bradford H. Hager Receives 2013 Inge Lehmann Medal: Response
Authors: Hager Bradford H.
Published: January 2014

Thank you, Jerry, for your very kind words. I am delighted, surprised, and honored. I have been very lucky to be in the right places at the right times and with the right people all my career. I can't think of another person blessed with as many exceptionally talented and passionate students and postdocs as well as fantastic faculty colleagues. I wish that I had the space to do each of you justice here. Thank you all.
Even industrial‐scale carbon removal would not fully undo modern warming
Authors: Schultz Colin
Published: January 2014

Unless the world embarks on a massive program to deliberately remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, with the scale of the carbon withdrawal industry ramping up to eventually mirror the size of the modern fossil fuel industry, the bulk of modern anthropogenic warming will persist for at least the next 10,000 years, previous studies have shown. New research by MacDougall shows that if widespread active carbon removal is initiated, temperatures could be brought nearly in line with preindustrial levels by the year 3000. However, to counterbalance the release of carbon dioxide and methane from former permafrost soils, from 115% to 181% of the carbon dioxide emitted since the dawn of the industrial era would need to be drawn out of the atmosphere. Regardless of how aggressively carbon is drawn out of the air, some changes, such as the melting of Greenland's glaciers, would not be fully reversed by the year 3000.
Burnout and the Fine‐Tuning of Cognitive Resources
Authors: Kleinsorge Thomas , Diestel Stefan , Scheil Juliane , Niven Karen
Published: January 2014

We examined the performance in a constant foreperiod task in two samples screened for either high or low scores on the core burnout dimension emotional exhaustion. In line with our expectations, participants scoring high on emotional exhaustion exhibited a specific deficit with respect to maintaining a high level of response readiness at longer foreperiods. This demonstration of a modulation of constant foreperiod performance by burnout adds to the growing body of evidence suggesting that exhaustion is related to deficits in basic cognitive mechanisms underlying the fine‐tuning of cognitive resources according to task demands. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust stochastic convergence and stability of neutral‐type neural networks with Markovian jump and mixed delays
Authors: Zheng Cheng‐De , Lv Xixi , Liang Wenlong , Wang Zhanshan
Published: January 2014

The robust stochastic convergence and stability in mean square are investigated for a class of uncertain neutral‐type neural networks with both Markovian jump parameters and mixed delays. First, by employing the Lyapunov method and a generalized Halanay‐type inequality for stochastic differential equations, a delay‐dependent condition is derived to guarantee the state variables of the discussed neural networks to be globally uniformly exponentially stochastic convergent to a ball in the state space with a prespecified convergence rate. Next, by applying the Jensen integral inequality and a novel reciprocal convex lemma, a delay‐dependent criterion is developed to achieve the globally robust stochastic stability in mean square. With some parameters being fixed in advance, the proposed conditions are all expressed in terms of LMIs, which can be solved numerically by employing the standard MATLAB LMI toolbox package. Finally, two illustrated examples are given to show the effectiveness and less conservatism of the obtained results over some existing works. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Definition of a model based on bibliometric indicators for assessing applicants to academic positions
Authors: Vieira Elizabeth S. , Cabral José A.S. , Gomes José A.N.F.
Published: January 2014

A model based on a set of bibliometric indicators is proposed for the prediction of the ranking of applicants to an academic position as produced by a committee of peers. The results show that a very small number of indicators may lead to a robust prediction of about 75% of the cases.

We start with 12 indicators to build a few composite indicators by factor analysis. Following a discrete choice model, we arrive at 3 comparatively good predicative models. We conclude that these models have a surprisingly good predictive power and may help peers in their selection process.
Improving privacy settings control in online social networks with a wheel interface
Authors: Stern Tziporah , Kumar Nanda
Published: January 2014

Online social networks (OSNs) have been built as platforms for information sharing, with their concomitant potential for misuse of information and unsafe sharing practices. The frontline of defense against such threats is the “privacy settings” controls provided by OSNs such as Facebook. However, the efficacy of these settings is often undermined by their poor design. The current design fatigues users with information overload and fails to provide them with a more integrative and global understanding of their information‐sharing practices. In this article, we develop a more efficacious design for the display of OSNs’ privacy settings by following recommendations for appropriate use of visualization techniques. The new “wheel” interface simplifies the presentation of privacy settings to reduce information overload. It also incorporates an additional layer of information, indicating the safety of users’ settings. A within‐subject experiment with 67 students suggests that this interface is more versatile than the current tabular interfaces typically used on OSNs. More important, it allows users to easily comprehend complex information and provides them with a more integrative, higher level understanding of their privacy settings. This research focuses on an important niche at the intersection of information representation, interface design, and OSN privacy.
An interactive metadata model for structural, descriptive, and referential representation of scholarly output
Authors: Liu Xiaozhong , Qin Jian
Published: January 2014

The scientific metadata model proposed in this article encompasses both classical descriptive metadata such as those defined in the Dublin Core Metadata Element Set (DC) and the innovative structural and referential metadata properties that go beyond the classical model. Structural metadata capture the structural vocabulary in research publications; referential metadata include not only citations but also data about other types of scholarly output that is based on or related to the same publication. The article describes the structural, descriptive, and referential (SDR) elements of the metadata model and explains the underlying assumptions and justifications for each major component in the model. ScholarWiki, an experimental system developed as a proof of concept, was built over the wiki platform to allow user interaction with the metadata and the editing, deleting, and adding of metadata. By allowing and encouraging scholars (both as authors and as users) to participate in the knowledge and metadata editing and enhancing process, the larger community will benefit from more accurate and effective information retrieval. The ScholarWiki system utilizes machine‐learning techniques that can automatically produce self‐enhanced metadata by learning from the structural metadata that scholars contribute, which will add intelligence to enhance and update automatically the publication of metadata Wiki pages.
Efficient automatic search query formulation using phrase‐level analysis
Authors: Kajanan Sangaralingam , Bao Yang , Datta Anindya , VanderMeer Debra , Dutta Kaushik
Published: January 2014

Over the past decade, the volume of information available digitally over the Internet has grown enormously. Technical developments in the area of search, such as Google's Page Rank algorithm, have proved so good at serving relevant results that Internet search has become integrated into daily human activity. One can endlessly explore topics of interest simply by querying and reading through the resulting links. Yet, although search engines are well known for providing relevant results based on users' queries, users do not always receive the results they are looking for. Google's Director of Research describes clickstream evidence of frustrated users repeatedly reformulating queries and searching through page after page of results. Given the general quality of search engine results, one must consider the possibility that the frustrated user's query is not effective; that is, it does not describe the essence of the user's interest. Indeed, extensive research into human search behavior has found that humans are not very effective at formulating good search queries that describe what they are interested in. Ideally, the user should simply point to a portion of text that sparked the user's interest, and a system should automatically formulate a search query that captures the essence of the text. In this paper, we describe an implemented system that provides this capability. We first describe how our work differs from existing work in automatic query formulation, and propose a new method for improved quantification of the relevance of candidate search terms drawn from input text using phrase‐level analysis. We then propose an implementable method designed to provide relevant queries based on a user's text input. We demonstrate the quality of our results and performance of our system through experimental studies. Our results demonstrate that our system produces relevant search terms with roughly two‐thirds precision and recall compared to search terms selected by experts, and that typical users find significantly more relevant results (31% more relevant) more quickly (64% faster) using our system than self‐formulated search queries. Further, we show that our implementation can scale to request loads of up to 10 requests per second within current online responsiveness expectations (<2‐second response times at the highest loads tested).
Beyond quality and accessibility: Source selection in consumer health information searching
Authors: Zhang Yan
Published: January 2014

A systematic understanding of factors and criteria that affect consumers' selection of sources for health information is necessary for the design of effective health information services and information systems. However, current studies have overly focused on source attributes as indicators for 2 criteria, source quality and accessibility, and overlooked the role of other factors and criteria that help determine source selection. To fill this gap, guided by decision‐making theories and the cognitive perspective to information search, we interviewed 30 participants about their reasons for using a wide range of sources for health information. Additionally, we asked each of them to report a critical incident in which sources were selected to fulfill a specific information need. Based on the analysis of the transcripts, 5 categories of factors were identified as influential to source selection: source‐related factors, user‐related factors, user‐source relationships, characteristics of the problematic situation, and social influences. In addition, about a dozen criteria that mediate the influence of the factors on source‐selection decisions were identified, including accessibility, quality, usability, interactivity, relevance, usefulness, familiarity, affection, anonymity, and appropriateness. These results significantly expanded the current understanding of the nature of costs and benefits involved in source‐selection decisions, and strongly indicated that a personalized approach is needed for information services and information systems to provide effective access to health information sources for consumers.
Mapping the asymmetrical citation relationships between journals by h‐plots
Authors: Epifanio Irene
Published: January 2014

I propose the use of h‐plots for visualizing the asymmetric relationships between the citing and cited profiles of journals in a common map. With this exploratory tool, we can understand better the journal's dual roles of citing and being cited in a reference network. The h‐plot is introduced and its use is validated with a set of 25 journals belonging to the statistics area. The relatedness factor is considered for describing the relations of citations from a journal “i” to a journal “j,” and the citations from the journal “j” to the journal “i.” More information has been extracted from the h‐plot, compared with other statistical techniques for modelling and representing asymmetric data, such as multidimensional unfolding.
Scaffold/matrix attachment regions from CHO cell chromosome enhanced the stable transfection efficiency and the expression of transgene in CHO cells
Authors: Chang Ming , Liu Ruijie , Jin Qingzhe , Liu Yuanfa , Wang Xingguo
Published: January 2014

Two scaffold/matrix attachment regions (S/MARs) from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell chromosomes were identified computationally and cloned as the domain boundaries regions. As partition chromosomes in independently regulated units to increase the exogenous gene expression, these two S/MARs (MAR1 and MAR6) flanked expression vectors were respectively transfected into CHO cells. The results showed that MAR1 and MAR6 were much more potent to increase the stable transfection efficiency than the chicken lysozyme gene 5′ S/MARs, which had been experimentally identified to increasing the expression of heterologous gene. Moreover, MAR6 is more active in mediating high and consistent gene expression in CHO cells than the chicken lysozyme gene 5′ S/MARs.
Purification and characterization of a novel lichenase from Bacillus licheniformis GZ‐2
Authors: Gao Zhen
Published: January 2014

A novel lichenase from Bacillus licheniformis GZ‐2 was purified to homogeneity by two steps ion‐exchange chromatography with a specific activity of 8231.3 U/mg. The purified enzyme showed as a single protein band with a molecular mass of 25 kDa. The optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme activity were 6.5 and 60 °C, respectively. The enzyme exhibited strict specificity for ‐1,3–1,4‐d‐glucans. The kinetic parameters Km and Vmax were 5.11 mg/mL and 2097 µmol/Min/mg for lichenan and 7.42 mg/mL and 1440 µmol/Min/mg for barley ‐glucan. Compared to most of the reported ‐1,3–1,4‐glucanases (lichenase), the activity of the purified enzyme for lichenan was much higher than that for barley ‐glucan. The main products of ‐glucan hydrolyzed by the lichenase were cellubiosyltriose (DP3) and cellutriosyltraose (DP4). The lichenase gene from B. licheniformis GZ‐2 was cloned and sequenced. The open reading frame of gene gz‐2 contained 642 bp coding for a 214 amino acid mature protein. The gene was cloned into an expression vector pET 28a and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. The activity in cell lysate supernatant was 137.9 U/mg.
Does the type of first‐line regimens influence the receipt of second‐line chemotherapy treatment? An analysis of 3211 metastatic colon cancer patients
Authors: Zheng Zhiyuan , Hanna Nader , Onukwugha Eberechukwu , Reese Emily S. , Seal Brian , Mullins C. Daniel
Published: January 2014

With new agents entering the market, the sequencing of first‐line (Tx1), second‐line (Tx2), and subsequent chemotherapy/biologics regimens are being examined. We examined how Tx1 regimens impacted the likelihood of receiving Tx2 among metastatic colon cancer (mCC) patients. Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare data were used to identify elderly mCC patients between 2003 and 2007. The inverse probability weighting Cox regression method was utilized to study the relationship between receipt of Tx2 and Tx1 regimens, controlling for patient‐level factors. Of the 7895 elderly patients identified, 3211 (41%) received Tx1 of which 1440 proceeded to Tx2. The impact of Tx1 on receipt of Tx2 varied by the specific regimens utilized. As compared to 5FU/LV users, IROX (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 0.03; P < 0.01) and IROX + Biologics (HR = 0.20; P < 0.01) users were less likely to receive Tx2; (oxaliplatin) OX + Biologics (HR = 1.26; P < 0.01) users were more likely to receive Tx2. Significant patient‐level factors included: Hispanic ethnicity (HR = 0.67; P < 0.01); being married (HR = 0.87; P = 0.01); proxy for poor performance status (HR = 0.82; P = 0.05); each 10‐year age increment (HR = 1.14; P < 0.01); and State buy‐in status (HR = 1.21; P = 0.01). The specific first‐line regimen does impact mCC patients' likelihood of receiving Tx2 in clinical practice. Elderly mCC patients, their health care providers, and policy makers will benefit from new evidence about the impact of sequencing of treatment lines.
Doppler‐Detected Valve Movement in Aortic Stenosis: A Predictor of Adverse Outcome
Authors: Ren Xiushui , Banki Nader M. , Shaw Richard E. , McNulty Edward J. , Williams Sherry C. , Pencina Michael , Schiller Nelson B.
Published: January 2014

Background

The absence of auscultatory aortic valve closure sound is associated with severe aortic stenosis. The absence of Doppler‐derived aortic opening (Aop) or closing (Acl) may be a sign of advanced severe aortic stenosis.

Hypothesis

Absent Doppler‐detected Aop or Acl transient is indicative of very severe aortic stenosis and is associated with adverse outcome.

Methods

A total of 118 consecutive patients with moderate (n = 63) or severe aortic stenosis (n = 55) were included. Aop and Acl signals were identified in a blinded fashion by continuous‐wave Doppler. Patients with and without Aop and Acl were compared using χ2 test for dichotomous variables and analysis of variance for continuous variables. The associations of Aop and Acl with aortic valve replacement were determined.

Results

Aop or Acl were absent in 22 of 118 patients. The absence of Aop or Acl was associated with echocardiographic parameters of severe aortic stenosis. The absence of Aop or Acl was associated with incident aortic valve replacement (36.4% vs 7.3%, respectively, P < 0.001). Even in patients with aortic valve area <1 cm2, the absence of Aop or Acl was still associated with increased rate of aortic valve replacement (42.1% vs 13.9%, respectively, P = 0.019) and provided incremental predictive value over peak velocity.

Conclusions

In a typical population of patients with aortic stenosis, approximately 1 in 6 has no detectible aortic valve opening or closing Doppler signal. The absence of an Aop or Acl signal is a highly specific sign of severe aortic stenosis and is associated with incident aortic valve replacement.
Coronary Arterial Development: A Review of Normal and Congenitally Anomalous Patterns
Authors: Lluri Gentian , Aboulhosn Jamil
Published: January 2014

Coronary artery development is a delicate, complex, and finely tuned process that includes multiple interactions among many pathways, especially in the pericardium and the developing myocardium. There still exists some controversy on the exact origin of certain cellular components. Nevertheless, an understanding of this extremely important developmental process is paramount in identifying some of the causes of anomalous coronary development. There are different patterns of anomalous coronary arteries, with variable risk of myocardial ischemia, malignant arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. These anomalies can be broadly categorized into 2 basic anatomic subsets: those with origin of the anomalous coronary artery from the opposite aortic sinus, and those with origin of the anomalous coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. Diagnosis and management of such patterns continues to be challenging. A good knowledge of the normal and abnormal coronary artery development could potentially help us explore new avenues in the treatment of ischemic heart disease as well as anomalous coronary arteries.
Prognostic Role of Incidental Pleural Effusion Diagnosed During Echocardiographic Evaluation
Authors: Ercan Suleyman , Davutoglu Vedat , Altunbas Gokhan , Inanc Ibrahim Halil , Kaplan Mehmet , Oylumlu Muhammed , Koç Ibrahim , Yuce Murat , Ozer Orhan , Soydinc Serdar
Published: January 2014

Background

The purpose of this study was to determine the long‐term prognostic implications of incidental pleural effusion (PE) detected during echocardiographic examination and its relationship with concomitant diseases.

Hypothesis

The study hypothesis is to test whether incidental pleural PE detected during echocardiographic examination be used as a prognostic marker.

Methods

The study was performed by evaluating patient records (N = 251) in whom PE was incidentally detected during echocardiographic examination in a tertiary hospital between 1999 and 2012. The patients were classified into 4 major groups according to the concomitant primary disease: malignancy, and cardiovascular, renal, and pulmonary diseases. The total survival time was obtained from hospital records for patients who died during the hospital stay and social security institution records for patients with out‐of‐hospital death.

Results

One‐year and 5‐year life expectancies of PE cases concomitant with different disorders were as follows; heart failure (n = 151), 81% and 70%; malignancies (n = 45), 53% and 44%; pulmonary diseases (n = 37), 89% and 78%; renal diseases (n = 18), 100% and 83%; respectively. PE associated with heart failure, renal disease, and pulmonary disease had similar (P > 0.05 for all) and favorable outcomes compared to PE associated with malignancies (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The prognosis of incidental PE was the worst in patients with concomitant malignancies; however, PE associated with nonmalignant diseases including heart failure, pulmonary disease, and renal disease have similar and favorable outcomes.
Independent Effects of Body Fat and Inflammatory Markers on Ventricular Geometry, Midwall Function, and Atrial Remodeling
Authors: Lai Yau‐Huei , Liu Chuan‐Chuan , Kuo Jen‐Yuan , Hung Ta‐Chuan , Wu Yih‐Jer , Yeh Hung‐I , Bulwer Bernard E. , Hung Chung‐Lieh
Published: January 2014

Background

The effect of body fat distribution on left ventricular (LV) mass and geometry has been recently recognized. However, data regarding circulating inflammatory markers in relation to regional visceral fat deposits, which are metabolically active tissues that can impact cardiac structural remodeling, remain sparse.

Hypothesis

We hypothesized that obesity has adverse effects on cardiac function and structure.

Methods

We consecutively studied 1071 asymptomatic subjects (age 49.5 ± 10.5 years, 39.4% female) free from significant valvular disorders, chronic lung disease, or renal disease. Echocardiography‐defined cardiac structures and LV geometries including LV mass, mass‐to‐volume ratio, and fractional shortening were all determined. Body fat composition (Tanita‐305 Body‐Fat Analyzer; Tanita Corp., Tokyo, Japan) was obtained and calculated. Multivariate regression models from various models were used to represent the independent association between body fat and echo‐derived ventricular mass and geometries.

Results

In multivariable analysis, increasing body fat was significantly related to increase in left atrial (LA) and LV diameter, posterior wall thickness, relative wall thickness (RWT), LV mass, mass‐to‐volume ratio, and decreased midwall fractional shortening with or without stress correction (all P < 0.001). When LV mass and severity of mitral regurgitation was further added, the independent association between increased body fat composition and larger LA diameter remained significant (β coefficient = 0.37, P < 0.001). Elevated high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (Hs‐CRP) level was associated with larger LA diameter, increased RWT, and worsened midwall mechanics in the female gender (all interaction P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Accumulated body fat seemed to be related to worse ventricular midwall contractility and atrial remodeling, particularly in the female gender, with high systemic inflammation. These gender and Hs‐CRP–specific modification effects may potentiate the pathological mechanisms involved in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
Self‐Assembly of Hydrosoluble Carbon Nanotubes into Macroscopic Belts
Authors: Wu Chuxin , Zheng Dongdong , Wang Hongtao , Guan Lunhui
Published: January 2014

A simple approach for the synthesis of a truly neutral aqueous solution of shortened carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is presented. Upon evaporation of the solvent, the shortened CNTs self‐assemble into belt‐like macroscopic structures of approximately 3 cm in length. After the annealing process, the macroscopic assembly exhibits a good electrical conductivity of approximately 140 S cm−1. The possible self‐assembly process is also discussed.
Scheduling contention‐free broadcasts in heterogeneous networks
Authors: Hsu Ching‐Hsien , Chen Tai‐Lung , Yang Chao‐Tung , Chu Hai‐Cheng
Published: January 2014

With the advance of network and computer techniques, the development of scalable computing becomes a new trend. To integrate and utilize distributed and heterogeneous resources efficiently, message broadcasting is an important and crucial technique for distributed computing systems such as grids and clouds. In this paper, we present a Location Aware Broadcasting Scheme (LABS) for performing message broadcast on irregular and heterogeneous networks in distributed systems. The LABS introduces a new scheduling scheme that based on heterogeneity of workstation and network topology. Together with a binomial tree optimization technique, the LABS is able to schedule communications to avoid both node and link contention. To evaluate the performance of the proposed techniques, we have implemented the LABS method along with some well‐known algorithms. These algorithms were performed in a variety of scenarios. Our extensive experiments show that the LABS is able to provide reliable performance with lower network latency in different circumstances. In particular, the LABS have significant improvements when the environment is with high heterogeneity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Channel capacity analysis of a diffusion‐based molecular communication system with ligand receptors
Authors: Liu Qiang , Yang Kun
Published: January 2014

Diffusion‐based communication is one of the most dominating forms in the micrometer and nanoscale communications. Generally, information is coded in molecules that are released by a transmitter nanomachine, propagated via a diffusion‐based channel, and then received by a receiving nanomachine (called receiver). The receiver considered in this paper is equipped with multiple ligand receptors. The molecular communication system in this paper is single hop and SISO. Namely, there is only a channel connecting a pair of transmitter and receiver. While most literature considers either the channel or the receptors, this paper proposes a channel model that takes into account both the diffusion‐based channel and the ligand‐based receiver. The channel capacity under such model is analyzed, which studies the impact of different parameters at both channel and the receiver on the performance of the molecular communication system. We establish a digital channel model based on the on–off keying and time slot scheme. A capacity expression is derived with consideration of the effects of the channel memory and ligand‐receptor binding mechanisms. The numerical results show that the overall channel capacity is restricted by the physical parameters of diffusion channel and ligand receptors. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A mouse model with tamoxifen‐inducible thyrocyte‐specific cre recombinase activity
Authors: Undeutsch Henriette , Löf Christoffer , Offermanns Stefan , Kero Jukka
Published: January 2014

We have created a mouse model expressing tamoxifen‐inducible Cre recombinase (CreERT2) under the control of the thyroglobulin (Tg) gene promoter to be able to study the role of defined genetic modifications in the regulation of thyroid function. We chose the thyroglobulin promoter, as it is expressed specifically in the thyroid. In order to obtain reliable expression under the control of the Tg promoter, we used a P1 artificial chromosome (PAC) containing a large piece of the Tg promoter. A tamoxifen inducible CreERT2 construct was selected to avoid the possible consequences of the gene deletion for the development of the thyroid gland, and to study the role of gene deletion in the adult thyroid. Transgenic lines (TgCreERT2) carrying this construct were generated and analyzed by crossing the TgCreERT2 mice with the ROSA26LacZ reporter strain. The activity and specificity of the Cre recombinase was tested by staining for β‐galactosidase activity and by immunohistochemistry using an anti‐Cre‐antibody. In the TgCreERT2xROSA26LacZ reporter line, Cre‐mediated recombination occurred specifically in the thyrocytes only after tamoxifen administration, and no significant staining was observed in controls. The recombination efficiency was nearly complete, since almost all thyrocytes showed X‐gal staining. We could also induce the recombination in utero by giving tamoxifen to the pregnant female. In addition, mice expressing TgCreERT2 had no obvious histological changes, hormonal alterations, or different response to growth stimuli as compared to controls. These results demonstrate that the TgCreERT2 mouse line is a powerful tool to study temporally controlled deletion of floxed genes in the thyroid. genesis 52:333–340, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A molecular-based approach for examining responses of eukaryotes in microcosms to contaminant-spiked estuarine sediments
Authors: Chariton Anthony A. , Ho Kay T. , Proestou Dina , Bik Holly , Simpson Stuart L. , Portis Lisa M. , Cantwell Mark G. , Baguley Jeffrey G. , Burgess Robert M. , Pelletier Marguerite M. , Perron Monique , Gunsch Claudia , Matthews Robin A.
Published: January 2014

Ecotoxicological information for most contaminants is limited to a small number of taxa, and these are generally restricted to comparatively hardy organisms that are readily extractable from test media and easily identifiable. Advances in DNA sequencing can now provide a comprehensive view of benthic invertebrate diversity. The authors applied 454 pyrosequencing to examine the responses of benthic communities in microcosms exposed to sediments with elevated concentrations of triclosan, the endpoint being eukaryl communities that have successfully vertically migrated through the manipulated sediments. The biological communities associated with the 3 treatments (control triclosan, low triclosan [14 mg/kg], and high triclosan [180 mg/kg]) clustered into 3 groups: control/low (n = 6 controls and 4 low), moderate (n = 2 low), and high (n = 5 high). One sample was discarded as an outlier. The most pronounced change as a response to triclosan was the loss of number of metazoan operational taxonomic units (OTUs), indicative of the control/low and moderate groups, with this being most evident in the range of taxa associated with the classes Chromadorea and Bivalvia and the phylum Kinorhyncha. The authors also describe a range of other taxa that aided discrimination between the groups; compare findings with traditionally obtained meio- and macrofaunal communities obtained from the same experiment; and illustrate some of the advantages and limitations associated with both the molecular and traditional approaches. The described approach illustrates the capacity for amplicon sequencing to provide ecologically relevant information that can be used to strengthen an understanding of how sedimentary communities respond to a range of environmental stressors. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:359–369. © 2014 SETAC
Analysis of efficient preconditioned defect correction methods for nonlinear water waves
Authors: Engsig‐Karup A. P.
Published: January 2014

Robust computational procedures for the solution of non‐hydrostatic, free surface, irrotational and inviscid free‐surface water waves in three space dimensions can be based on iterative preconditioned defect correction (PDC) methods. Such methods can be made efficient and scalable to enable prediction of free‐surface wave transformation and accurate wave kinematics in both deep and shallow waters in large marine areas or for predicting the outcome of experiments in large numerical wave tanks. We revisit the classical governing equations are fully nonlinear and dispersive potential flow equations. We present new detailed fundamental analysis using finite‐amplitude wave solutions for iterative solvers. We demonstrate that the PDC method in combination with a high‐order discretization method enables efficient and scalable solution of the linear system of equations arising in potential flow models. Our study is particularly relevant for fast and efficient simulation of non‐breaking fully nonlinear water waves over varying bottom topography that may be limited by computational resources or requirements. To gain insight into algorithmic properties and proper choices of discretization parameters for different PDC strategies, we study systematically limits of accuracy, convergence rate, algorithmic and numerical efficiency and scalability of the most efficient known PDC methods. These strategies are of interest, because they enable generalization of geometric multigrid methods to high‐order accurate discretizations and enable significant improvement in numerical efficiency while incuring minimal storage requirements. We demonstrate robustness using such PDC methods for practical ranges of interest for coastal and maritime engineering, that is, from shallow to deep water, and report details of numerical experiments that can be used for benchmarking purposes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment Use by Counselors in the United States: Implications for Policy and Practice
Authors: Peterson Christina Hamme , Lomas Gabriel I. , Neukrug Edward S. , Bonner Matthew W.
Published: January 2014

Although assessment use is a professional activity recognized by every major counseling organization, little is known about which assessments are used in counseling. In this study, 926 respondents from a random national sample of counselors reported their use of personality, projective, career, intelligence/cognitive, educational/achievement, clinical/behavioral, and environmental/interpersonal tests. Test rankings by frequency of use and comparisons by type of counselor and type of test are reported. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
Imitation, Impersonation, and Transformation: Using Male Role Models in Films to Promote Maturity
Authors: Gladding Samuel T. , Villalba José
Published: January 2014

Becoming a man is developmental. Boys model after men in their lives as well as figures they see in the media. When role models are positive, appropriate, and present, boys grow into constructive adults who contribute to society. This article examines how counselors can intentionally help young men mature into well‐grounded and prosocial individuals through the use of models in films. It provides a list of some movies that counselors can use in the process.
Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectral discrimination of brain tumour severity from serum samples
Authors: Hands James R. , Dorling Konrad M. , Abel Peter , Ashton Katherine M. , Brodbelt Andrew , Davis Charles , Dawson Timothy , Jenkinson Michael D. , Lea Robert W. , Walker Carol , Baker Matthew J.
Published: January 2014

Gliomas are the most frequent primary brain tumours in adults with over 9,000 people diagnosed each year in the UK. A rapid, reagent‐free and cost‐effective diagnostic regime using serum spectroscopy would allow for rapid diagnostic results and for swift treatment planning and monitoring within the clinical environment. We report the use of ATR‐FTIR spectral data combined with a RBF‐SVM for the diagnosis of gliomas (high‐grade and low‐grade) from non‐cancer with sensitivities and specificities on average of 93.75 and 96.53% respectively. The proposed diagnostic regime has the ability to reduce mortality and morbidity rates. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of substitutionally boron‐doped single‐walled semiconducting zigzag carbon nanotubes on ammonia adsorption
Authors: Vikramaditya Talapunur , Sumithra Kanakamma
Published: January 2014

We investigate the binding of ammonia on intrinsic and substitutionally doped semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on the side walls using density functional calculations. Ammonia is found to be weakly physisorbed on intrinsic semiconducting nanotubes while on substitutional doping with boron its affinity is enhanced considerably reflected with increase in binding energies and charge transfer. This is attributed to the strong chemical interaction between electron rich nitrogen of ammonia and electron deficient boron of the doped SWCNT. On doping, the density of states are changed compared to the intrinsic case and additional levels are formed near the Fermi level leading to overlap of levels with that of ammonia indicating charge transfer. The doped SWCNTs thus are expected to be a potential candidate for detecting ammonia. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The combination of specific IgM antibodies and IgG antibodies of low avidity does not always indicate primary infection with cytomegalovirus
Authors: Lumley S. , Patel M. , Griffiths P.D.
Published: January 2014

The detection of CMV specific IgM antibodies coupled with IgG antibodies of low avidity is taken as diagnostic of primary CMV infection. In a study of 64 pregnant women referred for avidity testing, six women were identified with bloods with positive IgM and low/equivocal avidity IgG on the Abbott Architect assay persisting over 18 weeks. Avidity increased to an “equivocal” level in two women over the course of follow up but remained “low” in four women. On repeat testing with the Diasorin Liaison assay, bloods from two women with low avidity with Architect gave high avidity results with Liaison. Blood from one woman giving low/equivocal results with Architect was reported as moderate avidity on repeat with Liaison. There is concern from these small numbers of cases that some women with positive IgM and low avidity IgG using the Abbott Architect assay may not have primary infections. This implies that they could be entered inappropriately into trials of experimental treatments aiming to prevent transmission of CMV to the fetus if the laboratory is asked to test patients for this purpose. It is suggested that larger series of patients should be examined to determine how frequently this phenomenon occurs. J. Med. Virol. 86:834–837, 2014. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of Medical Virology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
FFS‐mode OS‐LCD for reducing eye strain
Authors: Hatsumi Ryo , Fukai Shuji , Kubota Yusuke , Yamashita Akio , Jikumaru Mika , Baba Haruyuki , Moriya Koji , Kubota Daisuke , Kusunoki Koji , Hirakata Yoshiharu , Koyama Jun , Yamazaki Shunpei , Chubachi Yuka , Fujiwara Chieko
Published: January 2014

In order to reduce eye strain, a driving method for reducing flickers of liquid crystal display (LCD) is devised. For this driving, an oxide semiconductor (OS) is used in a backplane, liquid crystal and alignment layer materials are optimized, and a fringe field switching (FFS) mode with a structurally formed storage capacitor is used. This work reveals that suitable usages of positive and negative liquid crystals differ from each other according to their characteristics. This work also describes an OS‐LCD with a touch sensor we fabricated for mobile devices, which proves the possibility of reducing‐eye‐strain technology (REST) with reduced flickers.
Additive effect of pretransplant obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk factors on outcomes after liver transplantation
Authors: Dare Anna J. , Plank Lindsay D. , Phillips Anthony R. J. , Gane Edward J. , Harrison Barry , Orr David , Jiang Yannan , Bartlett Adam S. J. R.
Published: January 2014

The effects of pretransplant obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), coronary artery disease (CAD), and hypertension (HTN) on outcomes after liver transplantation (LT) are controversial. Questions have also been raised about the appropriateness of the body mass index (BMI) for assessing obesity in patients with end-stage liver disease. Both issues have implications for organ allocation in LT. To address these questions, we undertook a cohort study of 202 consecutive patients (2000-2010) undergoing LT at a national center in New Zealand. BMI and body fat percentage (%BF) values (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) were measured before transplantation, and the methods were compared. The influence of pretransplant risk variables (including obesity, DM, CAD, and HTN) on the 30-day postoperative event rate, length of hospital stay, and survival were analyzed. There was agreement between the calculated BMI and the measured %BF for 86.0% of the study population (κ coefficient = 0.73, 95% confidence interval = 0.61-0.85), and this was maintained across increasing Model for End-Stage Liver Disease scores. Obesity was an independent risk factor for the postoperative event rate [count ratio (CR) = 1.03, P < 0.001], as was DM (CR = 1.4, P < 0.001). Obesity with concomitant DM was the strongest predictor of the postoperative event rate (CR = 1.75, P < 0.001) and a longer hospital stay (5.81 days, P < 0.01). Independent metabolic risk factors had no effect on 30-day, 1-year, or 5-year patient survival. In conclusion, BMI is an adequate tool for assessing obesity-associated risk in LT. Early post-LT morbidity is highest for patients with concomitant obesity and DM, although these factors do not appear to influence recipient survival. Liver Transpl 20:281-290, 2014. © 2014 AASLD.