bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Akademia Administracji – pierwsza szkoła wyższa w Olsztynie
Authors: Achremczyk Stanisław
Published: May 2024

Olsztyn do 1945 roku nie posiadał szkoły wyższej. Przed wybuchem II wojny światowej pojawiły się plany ulokowania w Olsztynie Akademii Pedagogicznej. Akademia powstała w Elblągu a nie w Olsztynie. Władze niemieckie nosiły się też z zamiarem utworzenia w Elblągu uniwersytetu. Wybuch wojny przekreślił owe plany. W czasie okupacji zarówno w rządzie polskim na wychodźstwie, jak i w kraju prowadzone były studia nad przyszłym kształtem Polski. Całe Prusy Wschodnie miały znaleźć się w granicach Polski, a uniwersytet w Królewcu miał stać się polskim uniwersytetem. Gdy decyzją wielkich mocarstw Królewiec został przyznany Związkowi Radzieckiemu, upadły polskie plany zbudowania w tym mieście uniwersytetu pod patronatem i wsparciem Uniwersytetu Stefana Batorego w Wilnie. W 1944 roku pojawił się postulat, by w południowych Prusach Wschodnich została powołana wyższa uczelnia w Olsztynie. I ten postulat został zrealizowany. Najpierw w lipcu 1945 roku powołano do życia w Olsztynie Instytut Mazurski mający się zająć gromadzeniem zbiorów muzealnych, księgozbiorów, archiwaliów a także zaznajamianie z historią nowych osadników. W tym samym roku, ale jesienią otwarta została w Olsztynie Akademia Administracji, której rektorem został profesor Tadeusz Hilarowicz. Uczelnia była uczelnią miasta i przez miasto utrzymywana. Chętnych do studiowania zgłosiło się wielu, a wykładowcami zostali profesorowie polskich uniwersytetów. Akademia jednak przeżywała trudności finansowe i programowe. W 1946 roku zmieniła nazwę na Wyższą Szkołę Prawno-Ekonomiczną w Olsztynie. Jednak z powodu pozyskania stałych wykładowców, choć studentów ciągle przybywało, patronat nad nią objął Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. W październiku 1946 roku wyższą szkołę przekształcono w Studium Prawno-Administracyjne UMK. Wydawało się, ze przed Studium pojawiła się dobra przyszłość i może stanowić zalążek przyszłego uniwersytetu. Tymczasem władze państwowe opowiedziały się za powstaniem innej szkoły wyższej o profilu rolniczym. Władze rządowe i partyjne podjęły decyzję, by w Olsztynie, kosztem toruńskiego Studium, ulokować Wyższą Szkołę rolniczą, przeznaczając dla niej kompleks szpitala psychiatrycznego w Olsztynie. W 1950 roku Studium zakończyło swój żywot, a działalność rozpoczęła Wyższa Szkoła Rolnicza.
Historia Polski i kwestia polska w Rosji w ocenie A.S. Budilowicza
Authors: Kruczkowski Tadeusz
Published: May 2024

Artykuł omawia główne pozycje oceniające rosyjskiego historyka, filologa A.S. Budilowicza piszącego o historii Polski i kwestii polskiej w Rosji. Te poglądy naukowca są rozpatrywane na tle ogólnych stanowisk oceniających w rosyjskiej historiografii. Deklarowany temat w twórczym dziedzictwie A.S. Budilowicz był ściśle związany z historią prawosławnych ziem Rzeczypospolitej oraz z kwestią zachodnio-rosyjską (białoruską i ukraińską). Na kształtowanie poglądów naukowych i społeczno-politycznych A.S. Budilowicza wpłynął zarówno charakter jego wykształcenia, jak i środowisko społeczno-polityczne ówczesnej zachodniej Rosji. Ogólnie rzecz biorąc, historyczna polonistyka A.S. Budilowicza w pełni odpowiadała podstawowym ideom rosyjskiej polonistyki historycznej XIX-początku XX w., mających konserwatywny i słowianofilski charakter, najczęściej o antyzachodnich poglądach. Najważniejszymi atrybutami jedności słowiańskiej dla A.S. Budilowicza były wspólnota religijną Słowian i ich wspólny język. Prawosławie wydawało mu się fundamentem, na którym wyłącznie Słowianie mogli zachować własną tożsamość. Misję Rosji w Polsce A.S. Budilowicz tłumaczył chęcią uratowania Polaków przed zagrażającą im germanizacją i „ożywieniem” zdrowych sił moralnych i psychicznych. Naukowiec był jednym z zwolenników słowianofilskiego podejścia do historii, zwolennikiem idei pansłowiańskich, należy go przypisać szkole zachodniorusyzmu (białoruski regionalny wariant słowianofilstwa).
Delimitacja regionu etnograficznego Kurpie Zielone
Authors: Grzegorczyk Małgorzata
Published: May 2024

Region etnograficzny Kurpie Zielone ukształtował się w północno-wschodniej części Mazowsza. Przyjmuje się, że znaczna część jego granic biegnie wzdłuż rzek: Orzyca na zachodzie, Narwi na południu oraz Pisy ze Skrodą na wschodzie. Od północy jej przebieg jest tożsamy z byłą historyczną granicą pomiędzy Polską a Prusami. Przytoczone granice regionu prezentują jego zasięg orientacyjnie, choć ich przebieg w większości nie budzi wątpliwości. Występują trzy odcinki granicy, przy których zasadne jest doprecyzowanie linii granicznej. Celem artykułu jest delimitacja regionu etnograficznego Kurpie Zielone. W artykule wykorzystano metodę polegającą na nałożeniu na siebie map przedstawiających rozmieszczenie pojedynczych cech charakteryzujących region i wygasających lub zanikających poza jego granicami. Wykorzystano do tego: zasięg przestrzenny Równiny Kurpiowskiej oraz zasięg występowania gwary kurpiowskiej, a także podział administracji państwowej i kościelnej z okresu poprzedzającego kolonizację obszaru. Niniejsza analiza pozwoliła na określenie prawdopodobnego przebiegu jego granic zgodnie z zasadami regionalizacji.
Toward a Biblical Theology of Efficiency
Authors: Cafferky Michael E.
Published: May 2024

This paper examines operational efficiency from a biblical theology perspective. The paper describes operational efficiency in contemporary terms and considers six categories of constraints on efficiency. In pursuing its purpose, the paper reviews six relevant biblical themes including: God’s character, creation, covenant, shalom, blessing, and fruitfulness. Five biblical instrumental values and virtues describe how efficiency is to be achieved: truth, wisdom, prudence, usefulness, and stewardship. The biblical theme of agricultural yield provides an illustration of the instrumental virtues and values by which workers achieve and measure efficiency.
Implications for the Leisure of Business People from a Review of the Biblical Concepts of Sabbath and Rest
Authors: Heintzman Paul
Published: May 2024

This paper focuses on two elements relevant to a biblical understanding of leisure: the principle of the Sabbath and the concept of rest. Sabbath and rest cannot be equated with leisure but provide material to develop a Christian understanding of leisure. They illustrate that a biblical understanding of leisure encompasses both a rhythm to life (a quantitative dimension of leisure) and the quality of life which God offers humans (a qualitative dimension of leisure).
Leisure and Spirituality: Biblical, Historical, and Contemporary Perspectives by Paul Heintzman
Authors: Hothem Peggy
Published: May 2024

In this special issue on Sabbath, it is appropriate to include a review of Leisure and Spirituality by Dr. Heintzman, a leading scholar of leisure and spirituality. This Engaging Culture series book is designed to help Christians respond with theological discernment to contemporary culture. The book is not just for leisure scholars and students but is a “must read” for anyone interested in work, business, theology, and ethics as well as for church leaders and laity.
Sabbath: Finding Rest, Renewal, Delight in our Busy Lives by Wayne Muller
Authors: Weaver Wendel
Published: May 2024

Will life for our college graduates slow down once they graduate and develop regular routines? Not likely. For this reason, business faculty might want to consider reading and possibly assigning Muller’s (1999) text, Sabbath.
Growing Confidence in Sports Through Social Media Influencers
Authors: Oktadinata Alek , Ramadhan Putra Wahyu
Published: May 2024

Background: Discussion of self-confidence or ideal body shape is a serious and important discussion for today's society. The role of social media influencers is important to know, especially in the messages presented on mass media social media.
Objective: The aim of the research is to increase self-confidence to carry out sports activities through mass media or social media. This research aims to increase the self-confidence of children or people who lack self-confidence. This raises public awareness of certain issues in society, including self-confidence or the ideal body.
Method: This research uses qualitative methods and qualitative content analysis methodology. This article ultimately makes the important empirical finding that social media influencers play an important informational role for social media users who cannot afford traditional media offerings. Content created by social media influencers such as messengers offers something new to understand the concept of the ideal body, not only about the physical appearance of beauty, but also related to how people maintain a healthy body.
Results: We can see the results of this research based on the F test results table on the influence of the independent variable (self-confidence in sports) on the dependent variable (media influencer). These results show that with the significance value of F>Ftable, there is an influence from social media influencers to make other people interested in doing sports.
Conclusion: There are things that make people want to move, one of which is invitations via social media from famous influencers.
Hvad er ærefrygt?
Authors: Sørensen Christian Egelund
Published: May 2024

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this article, I present an analysis of research into the ex-perience of awe. Awe has been characterized as an emotion encompassing a perceived vastness, a need for cognitive accommodation, so that the individual might assimilate the new and overwhelming experience and, ultimately, attain a feeling of meaning-fulness. Additionally, I present Edmund Burke's concept of the sublime and Rudolf Otto's notion of the numinous in order to illuminate the most important characteris-tics of awe-like experiences. I proceed to present the hypothesis that experiences of awe originate in experiences of prediction errors. Prediction errors occur with a mis-match between anticipated sensory data and the actual data. I argue that experiences of such errors on a massive scale can explain feelings of vastness, the need for cogni-tive accommodation, and meaningfulness, and more fundamentally, why certain per-ceptions illicit experiences of awe, while others do not.
DANSK RESUMÉ: I denne artikel præsenterer jeg en analyse af forskning af ære-frygt (engelsk: awe). Ærefrygt er blevet karakteriseret som en emotion kendetegnet ved følelsen af oplevet storhed, et behov for en kognitiv tilpasning til den nye og overvældende situation og en følelse af meningsfuldhed. Jeg præsenterer yderligere Edmund Burkes begreb om det sublime og Rudolf Ottos tanke om det numinøse for at kunne belyse de afgørende træk i ærefrygt. På baggrund af dette foreslår jeg, at ære-frygt kan forklares ud fra en hypotese om, at ærefrygt har sit ophav i oplevelsen af massive ‘prediction errors’. Det kan forklare følelserne af storhed, behovet for kognitiv tilpasning og meningsfuldhed, som andre forskere tilsyneladende har identificeret. Yderligere kan en sådan hypotese mere grundlæggende forklare, hvorfor visse sanse-indtryk virker ærefrygtindgydende. Jeg præsenterer derefter en række spørgsmål, som bør indgå i fremtidige undersøgelser.
Er dansk udviklingsbistand stadig relevant?
Authors: Engberg-Pedersen Lars
Published: May 2024

Danmarks udviklingssamarbejde har mere end 60 år på bagen. Selv om det har udviklet sig meget i den periode, har verden også forandret sig fundamentalt. Man kan derfor spørge, om udviklingssamarbejdet stadig er relevant?
Klasyfikacje małych miast w Polsce – ujęcia metodologiczne i ich rezultaty
Authors: Bański Jerzy , Mazur Marcin , Mazurek Damian
Published: May 2024

Celem opracowania jest przedstawienie trzech podejść do klasyfikacji małych miast w Polsce i wstępna interpretacja uzyskanych wyników tych klasyfikacji. Badane są jednostki osadnicze posiadające prawa miejskie i liczące mniej niż 20 tys. mieszkańców. W 2019 r. w Polsce było 722 małych miast. Klasyfikację morfologiczną oparto na Bazie Danych Obiektów Topograficznych w zakresie pokrycia terenu w granicach administracyjnych miast i wyodrębniono cztery klasy jednostek: miasta osiedla, miasta przemysłowe, miasta wytchnienia i miasta dychotomii. W podejściu funkcjonalno-morfologicznym wykorzystano tę samą bazę danych i wyodrębniono inną metodą trzy podstawowe kategorie miast (monofunkcyjne, wielofunkcyjne i oligofunkcyjne), które następnie uszczegółowiono w postaci subkategorii. W klasyfikacji wielokryterialnej wykorzystano równocześnie trzy kryteria klasyfikacji (uwarunkowania strukturalne, czynniki lokalizacyjne i hierarchię administracyjną małych miast), co umożliwiło wyodrębnienie 9 kategorii miast. Uzyskane wyniki dają możliwość wszechstronnej analizy i interpretacji zróżnicowania rozmieszczenia miast, co przedstawiono na przykładach w końcowym rozdziale tego opracowania.
Effect of smartphone application on pain, disability and forward head posture on young adults with excessive usage of a smartphone: A pilot study
Authors: Akodu A , Ipinnimo O , Osuntoki A
Published: May 2024

Background. Excessive usage of smartphones has been linked to forward head posture (FHP) leading to musculoskeletal disorders of the spine.
Objective. To determine the effect of smartphone applications on pain and disability levels in the neck, shoulder, lower back and FHP among young adults with excessive smartphone usage.
Methods. In this randomised controlled pilot study, 31 young adults (24 female and 7 male, aged 21.35 (standard deviation 1.74 years) who exhibited excessive smartphone usage were enrolled. They were recruited from the College of Medicine, University of Lagos in Nigeria and randomly allocated to three groups: smartphone application (SPA) only, SPA with ergonomic advice (SPA+EA) and EA only. Outcome assessments were conducted before, at 4 weeks, and after 8 weeks of the intervention.
Results. The outcome of this study revealed significant improvements in the assessed variables across all three groups (SPA, SPA+EA, EA) post intervention, including FHP (p=0.0001, p=0.003, p=0.002), pain intensity in the neck (p=0.01, p=0.02, p=0.0001), neck disability level (p=0.0001, p=0.0001, p=0.0001), functional disability (p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.007) and shoulder pain disability (p=0.0001, p=0.001, p= 0.0001). However, no significant between-group differences (p>0.05) were noted in the outcomes across the groups, except for FHP (p=0.027) at the end of the 8th week of intervention.
Conclusion. It was concluded that the SPA group was more effective in improving FHP, though all the groups displayed significant effects in all the outcomes.
Clinical paediatric tuberculosis research: field experiences from Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Van Niekerk M-A , Anthony M G , Dewandel I , Africa L , Pienaar A , Mfazwe A , Bavuma B , Wolmarans J , Mpengesi L , Nelani R , Mtshabe A , Mckenzie C , Bekker C , Hoddinot G , Van der Zalm M M
Published: May 2024

Implementing research in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) involves multiple operational and socioeconomic challenges. In order to make global health research equitable, it is essential to overcome these challenges and implement research where the burden lies. We describe cultural, socioeconomic, recruitment and retention challenges experienced in our paediatric research in South Africa. We found that additional strategies and resources were required to address the specific cultural and socioeconomic aspects in order to conduct high‐ quality research in our facility.
Моделирование турбулентной естественной конвекции на основе 2-жидкостного подхода
Authors: Маликов Зафар Маматкулович , Наврузов Дилшод Примкулович
Published: May 2024

The paper provides mathematical modeling of turbulent natural air convection at a heated vertical plate based on a fairly recently developed two-liquid turbulence model. The considered problem, despite its relative simplicity, contains all the main elements characteristic of the currents near the wall due to buoyancy forces. A significant disadvantage of the RANS turbulence models used to solve such problems is that for their numerical implementation it is necessary to set the laminar-to-turbulent transition point, which must be determined experimentally. Thus, all RANS models are unable to describe a laminar-to-turbulent transition zone. Therefore, the main purpose of the work is to test the ability of the two-liquid turbulence model to describe the transition zone. Well-known publications have shown that the two-liquid model has high accuracy and stability, and is also able to adequately describe anisotropic turbulence. The turbulence model used in this work is supplemented with an additional thermal force, which can be ignored in many flows with forced convection. However, in the natural convection currents, it is this force that contributes to the transition of the flow regime. To validate the model, as well as to verify the computational procedure, the numerical results obtained are compared with the results of the well-known RANS turbulence models (the one-parameter Spalart-Allmaras (SA) model and the Reynolds stress transfer (RSM) model), as well as with the available experimental data. It is shown that the two-liquid model adequately reproduces the laminar-to-turbulent transition zone, and the numerical results obtained are in good agreement with experimental data.
Расчеты сжатия сферической слоистой системы ударными волнами с учетом переноса тепла излучением в различных приближениях
Authors: Грабовенская Светлана Александровна , Завьялов Вячеслав Викторович , Шестаков Александр Александрович
Published: May 2024

Numerical modeling is one of the basic tools to investigate physical phenomena that occur in materials compressed by shock waves. A study of the behavior of shock waves using simplified models is helpful in the analysis of more complex systems, for instance, in the problems of inertial thermonuclear fusion on laser facilities. Mathematical simulation of the nonstationary radiative heat transfer in a spectral kinetic statement is rather complicated because the system of equations is nonlinear and large in size. Generally, the kinetic transport equation is solved in 7D phase space, which requires huge computational resources. The initial system is often approximated under certain assumptions but this immediately causes questions as to whether the simplified model is applicable to particular calculations. In this study, several economic radiative heat transfer models were implemented in a 2D hydrodynamic code. Based on these models, test calculations were performed to simulate the compression of a layered spherical system by shock waves, taking into account radiative heat transfer. When the shock wave reaches the center of the sphere, it is focused and reflected. In the neighborhood of the focal point of a converging wave, temperature gradients increase; therefore, thermal conduction and radiation become the main mechanisms of energy dissipation to be considered when taking into account heat transfer. Maximum densities and temperatures at the center of the sphere and their average values in its regions were calculated. In addition, the time when shock and heat waves cross the sphere center was determined, and their behavior before and after focusing at the sphere center was estimated. It is shown that solutions to such problems can be found much faster and with adequate accuracy when applying simplified models.
Численно-аналитическая модель для интерпретации результатов индикаторных исследований нефтяных пластов: решение прямой задачи при наличии каналов низкого фильтрационного сопротивления
Authors: Федоров Константин Михайлович , Гильманов Александр Янович , Шевелёв Александр Павлович , Изотов Алексей Александрович , Кобяшев Александр Вячеславович
Published: May 2024

The article considers the problem of interpretation of tracer tests in oil reservoirs, into which a specific chemical substance - tracer - is injected via an injection well for flow monitoring and tracer concentration measurements in surrounding production wells. The testing data provide evidence of the existence of low resistance channels in the reservoirs, along which the tracer moves at velocities several orders of magnitude higher than in the reservoir. The nature and properties of these channels are unknown, and a semi-analytical model involving two small parameters is proposed to solve this problem. This makes it possible to construct two non-conjugate solutions: universal numerical and analytical. Such an approach allows us to solve both direct and inverse problems. The present article is devoted to solving the direct problem. The problem of pressure distribution in a rectangular reservoir pattern is solved in dimensionless coordinates and is universal, i.e., it does not depend on the size of the area and the pressure drop. This solution is approximated by power functions and is further used to determine the mass transfer between channel and reservoir. The problem of tracer slug propagation through the channel obeys the law of conservation of tracer mass and Darcy's law. Its solution is found by the methods of characteristics under the condition of smallness of the parameter reflecting the ratio of reservoir permeability to channel permeability. The results of the semi-analytical solution are compared with the numerical solutions previously obtained by other authors. The fundamental difference between these solutions is the presence of numerical diffusion when using the finite-difference method of solution, which leads to the «dissipation» of the trace slug edges.
Пульсации течения жидкого металла, генерируемые переменным магнитным полем
Authors: Полуянов Александр Олегович , Колесниченко Илья Владимирович
Published: May 2024

This paper studies numerically a vortex flow of liquid metal driven by an electromagnetic force, which is generated by the interaction of the alternating magnetic field of a short solenoid with the induced electrical current. A short solenoid is placed coaxially to a cylindrical cell at half of its height. The mathematical model used to describe the process is based on the equations of magnetic hydrodynamics in the induction-free approximation. Calculations, which are carried out by the control volume method using the ANSYS Fluent package, show that the average flow has the form of two toroidal vortices. The calculated velocity fields are indicative of the oscillatory behavior of vortices, accompanied by a change in their sizes. In the examined range of the force parameter, the predominant flow pattern is the single-mode oscillatory flow. The dependences of characteristic frequency and Reynolds number on the force parameter, are obtained using spectral analysis. It has been found that the oscillation period is close to the period of rotation of a large-scale vortex. It has been established that the oscillations are of quasi-periodic character, and a distinct oscillation frequency is observed only in the flow region near the solenoid. The effect of velocity fluctuations is strong and can be detected in laboratory conditions when using gallium eutectic. Such experiment is planned for the near future. The flow rate of gallium eutectic will be measured by an ultrasonic Doppler anemometer. The results of numerical modeling and their verifications can be useful in determining the ways of reducing the intensity of vortex flows during the electromagnetic separation of impurities, which is based on the induction mechanism responsible for the generation of electromagnetic force that displaces particles. The data on the oscillation frequency of the unsteady flow can be used in the development of a non-contact technique for estimating the average electrical conductivity of a two-phase medium, such as a liquid metal with undesirable impurities.
Концентрационная конвекция в замкнутой области пористой среды при заданном вертикальном перепаде концентрации и учете иммобилизации примеси
Authors: Марышев Борис Сергеевич
Published: May 2024

This work is devoted to the study of stability of horizontal filtration flow of a mixture through a closed porous domain taking into account impurity immobilization. The instability arises due to the vertical concentration difference of heavy impurities, which creates unstable density stratification. A general mathematical model describing the transport of an impurity through a porous medium is presented. The equations are simplified for the case of low impurity concentration. Simplification made it possible to analytically obtain the solution corresponding to homogeneous horizontal filtration and to study its stability. It is known that, in the narrow regions of porous medium and at weak intensities of the external flow, convection is excited in a monotonous manner. On the contrary, in the case of an infinite horizontal layer, oscillatory instability is observed. A study of the transition between the instability modes is presented. It is shown that the oscillatory regime is observed in long regions or at significant intensity of the external horizontal flow. At low flow intensities, convective cells do not move relative to the region and, hence, there is no reason for oscillations. It has been established that the range of flow intensity values, in which oscillations are observed, grows with increasing length of the domain. Impurity immobilization leads to the stabilization of horizontal filtration with respect to convective perturbations. Critical curves and stability maps are obtained in a wide range of problem parameters and then analyzed. For limiting cases, a comparison is made with the known results obtained for an infinite layer.
Oglekļsaistīga lauksaimniecība ceļā uz klimatneitralitāti
Authors:   , Bumbiere Ketija
Published: May 2024

Promocijas darba mērķis ir analizēt esošo situāciju lauksaimniecības sektorā un definēt priekšnosacījumus nozares attīstībai ceļā uz oglekļsaistīgu un ilgtspējīgu lauksaimniecību. Analīzei izmantotas vairākas metodes – oglekļa bilances metode, ilgtspējības SVID analīze, daudzkritēriju analīze, TIMES un sistēmdinamika. Promocijas darbs ir pierādījums tam, cik kritiski svarīga ir vieda un ilgtspējīga lauksaimniecības pārvaldība, kuras pamatā ir atbildīgo personu pieņemtie likumi. Izmantojot šo darbu un izstrādātos modeļus turpmāko lēmumu pieņemšanā gan uzņēmumu, gan valsts līmenī, būtu iespējams ievērojami paaugstināt lauksaimniecības konkurētspēju globālajā tirgū, nākotnē mazinot tās atkarību no valsts subsīdijām, vienlaikus ievērojami mazinot ietekmi uz vidi, samazinot klimata pārmaiņas.
Crop establishment methods and herbicide mixtures induced weed dynamics, productivity, and profitability of summer rice
Authors: Nongmaithem Alena , Mahapatra Ashirbachan , Kalasare Rajesh Shriram , Barman Saurav
Published: May 2024

Rice farmers face challenges in achieving higher yield and profit during the summer season due to improper establishment and weed control. To address this, a study was conducted to assess the effects of herbicide combinations on the growth and yield of CR Dhan 206 (Gopinath), a high-yielding rice variety. The research took place from January to May 2022 at the PG Research Farm of M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, Odisha. The experiment followed a split plot design with two main plots (transplanted rice and wet seeded rice) and five subplots (fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + ethoxysulfuron (Tank mix) @ (50+15) g ha-1 at 18 days after transplanting/sowing (DAT/S); triafamone + ethoxysulfuron (Ready mix) @ (45+22.5) g ha-1 at 12 DAT/S; pretilachlor + bensulfuron-methyl (Ready mix) @ (600+60) g ha-1 at 4 DAT/S; weed-free (Hand weeding at 20,40,60 DAT/S); and weedy check) replicated thrice. The dominant weeds observed were Echinochloa colona, Leptochloa chinensis, Cyanotis auxiliaris, Physalis minima, Ludwigia parviflora, Cyperus iria, and Fimbristylis miliacea. Results indicated that the establishment methods did not significantly affect crop growth, yield attributes, crop yield, and weed infestation. However, the application of triafamone + ethoxysulfuron in both transplanted and wet seeded rice demonstrated superior growth, yield, weed control, and comparable results to the weed-free check. The combination of wet seeded rice and triafamone + ethoxysulfuron showed the highest net return and benefit-cost ratio, suggesting its recommendation for effective weed control and profitability in rice farming in summer season.
Effect of osmoregulatory on the secondary somatic embryogenesis of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.)
Authors: Paisic-Ramirez Roxanita , Hernández-Amasifuen Angel David , Sánchez-Aguilar Walter Daniel , Corazon-Guivin Mike Anderson , Bobadilla Leidy G. , Mansilla-Córdova Pedro Javier , Caetano Aline Camila , Silva Zuta Miguelina Zayda , Guerrero-Abad Juan Carlos
Published: May 2024

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is the raw material for the worldwide chocolate industry. To ensure high quality and efficient field production, the industry relies on a uniformity of elite cocoa plants, which can be achieved through vegetative propagation methods like somatic embryogenesis. However, the low yield rate in the multiplication and regeneration of cocoa plants remains a challenge for basic research. To obtain a greater number of secondary somatic embryos (SSE) in cocoa, the effect of three osmoregulators on the disc cells of primary somatic embryos (PSE) of cocoa was studied. PSE was induced from cocoa staminodes of genotype I52. Epicotyls were selected from PSE at the torpedo and cotyledon stages, segmented into 3 mm discs, and placed in a secondary callus growth medium. The explants were transferred to embryo development medium 3, where they were exposed to the osmoregulatory polyethylene glycol (PEG), mannitol, and sorbitol at the following concentrations: 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5%. D-Mannitol at 3% and D-Sorbitol at 1% increased the number of SSE at the torpedo, globular, and cotyledon stage per explant. The culture medium with 1% PEG significantly increased the formation of SSE in the globular and cotyledonal stages. The results presented a positive effect of the osmoregulators on the formation of cocoa SSE.
Neural activity ramps in frontal cortex signal extended motivation during learning
Authors: Regalado Josue M. , Asensio Ariadna Corredera , Haunold Theresa , Toader Andrew C. , Li Yan Ran , Neal Lauren A. , Rajasethupathy Priya
Published: May 2024

Learning requires the ability to link actions to outcomes. How motivation facilitates learning is not well understood. We designed a behavioral task in which mice self-initiate trials to learn cue-reward contingencies and found that the anterior cingulate region of the prefrontal cortex (ACC) contains motivation-related signals to maximize rewards. In particular, we found that ACC neural activity was consistently tied to trial initiations where mice seek to leave unrewarded cues to reach reward-associated cues. Notably, this neural signal persisted over consecutive unrewarded cues until reward associated cues were reached, and was required for learning. To determine how ACC inherits this motivational signal we performed projection specific photometry recordings from several inputs to ACC during learning. In doing so, we identified a ramp in bulk neural activity in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) -to-ACC projections as mice received unrewarded cues, which continued ramping across consecutive unrewarded cues, and finally peaked upon reaching a reward associated cue, thus maintaining an extended motivational state. Cellular resolution imaging of OFC confirmed these neural correlates of motivation, and further delineated separate ensembles of neurons that sequentially tiled the ramp. Together, these results identify a mechanism by which OFC maps out task structure to convey an extended motivational state to ACC to facilitate goal-directed learning.
Evidence of social learning across symbolic cultural barriers in sperm whales
Authors: Leitao Antonio , Lucas Maxime , Poetto Simone , Hersh Taylor A. , Gero Shane , Gruber David F. , Bronstein Michael , Petri Giovanni
Published: May 2024

We provide quantitative evidence suggesting social learning in sperm whales across sociocultural boundaries, using acoustic data from the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Traditionally, sperm whale populations are categorized into clans based on their
vocal repertoire
: the rhythmically patterned click sequences (codas) that they use. Among these codas,
identity
codas function as symbolic markers for each clan, accounting for 35-60% of codas they produce. We introduce a computational method to model whale speech, which encodes rhythmic microvariations within codas, capturing their
vocal style
. We find that vocal style-clans closely align with repertoire-clans. However, contrary to vocal repertoire, we show that sympatry increases vocal style similarity between clans for
non
-identity codas, i.e. most codas, suggesting social learning across cultural boundaries. More broadly, this subcoda structure model offers a framework for comparing communication systems in other species, with potential implications for deeper understanding of vocal and cultural transmission within animal societies.
A transcription network underlies the dual genomic coordination of mitochondrial biogenesis
Authors: Zhang Fan , Lee Annie , Freitas Anna V , Herb Jake T , Wang Zong-Heng , Gupta Snigdha , Chen Zhe , Xu Hong
Published: May 2024

Mitochondrial biogenesis requires the expression of genes encoded by both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. However, aside from a handful transcription factors regulating specific subsets of mitochondrial genes, the overall architecture of the transcriptional control of mitochondrial biogenesis remains to be elucidated. The mechanisms coordinating these two genomes are largely unknown. We performed a targeted RNAi screen in developing eyes with reduced mitochondrial DNA content, anticipating a synergistic disruption of tissue development due to impaired mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deficiency. Among 638 transcription factors annotated in the Drosophila genome, 77 were identified as potential regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis. Utilizing published ChIP-seq data of positive hits, we constructed a regulatory network revealing the logic of the transcription regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. Multiple transcription factors in core layers had extensive connections, collectively governing the expression of nearly all mitochondrial genes, whereas factors sitting on the top layer may respond to cellular cues to modulate mitochondrial biogenesis through the underlying network. CG1603, a core component of the network, was found to be indispensable for the expression of most nuclear mitochondrial genes, including those required for mtDNA maintenance and gene expression, thus coordinating nuclear genome and mtDNA activities in mitochondrial biogenesis. Additional genetic analyses validated YL-1, a transcription factor upstream of CG1603 in the network, as a regulator controlling CG1603 expression and mitochondrial biogenesis.
Astrogliosis and neuroinflammation underlie scoliosis upon cilia dysfunction
Authors: Djebar Morgane , Anselme Isabelle , Pezeron Guillaume , Bardet Pierre-Luc , Cantaut-Belarif Yasmine , Eschstruth Alexis , López-Santos Diego , Le Ribeuz Hélène , Jenett Arnim , Khoury Hanane , Veziers Joelle , Parmentier Caroline , Hirschler Aurélie , Carapito Christine , Bachmann-Gagescu Ruxandra , Schneider-Maunoury Sylvie , Vesque Christine
Published: May 2024

Cilia defects lead to scoliosis in zebrafish, but the underlying pathogenic mechanisms are poorly understood and may diverge depending on the mutated gene. Here, we dissected the mechanisms of scoliosis onset in a zebrafish mutant for the rpgrip1l gene encoding a ciliary transition zone protein. rpgrip1l mutant fish developed scoliosis with near-total penetrance but asynchronous onset in juveniles. Taking advantage of this asynchrony, we found that curvature onset was preceded by ventricle dilations and was concomitant to the perturbation of Reissner fiber polymerization and to the loss of multiciliated tufts around the subcommissural organ. Rescue experiments showed that Rpgrip1l was exclusively required in foxj1a-expressing cells to prevent axis curvature. Genetic interactions investigations ruled out Urp1/2 levels as a main driver of scoliosis in rpgrip1 mutants. Transcriptomic and proteomic studies identified neuroinflammation associated with increased Annexin levels as a potential mechanism of scoliosis development in rpgrip1l juveniles. Investigating the cell types associated with annexin2 over-expression, we uncovered astrogliosis, arising in glial cells surrounding the diencephalic and rhombencephalic ventricles just before scoliosis onset and increasing with time in severity. Anti-inflammatory drug treatment reduced scoliosis penetrance and severity and this correlated with reduced astrogliosis and macrophage/microglia enrichment around the diencephalic ventricle. Mutation of the cep290 gene encoding another transition zone protein also associated astrogliosis with scoliosis. Thus, we propose astrogliosis induced by perturbed ventricular homeostasis and associated with immune cell activation as a novel pathogenic mechanism of zebrafish scoliosis caused by cilia dysfunction.
Mitochondrial stress in GABAergic neurons non-cell autonomously regulates organismal health and aging
Authors: Rathor Laxmi , Curry Shayla , Park Youngyong , McElroy Taylor , Robles Briana , Sheng Yi , Chen Wei-Wen , Min Kisuk , Xiao Rui , Lee Myon Hee , Han Sung Min
Published: May 2024

Mitochondrial stress within the nervous system can trigger non-cell autonomous responses in peripheral tissues. However, the specific neurons involved and their impact on organismal aging and health have remained incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that mitochondrial stress in γ-aminobutyric acid-producing (GABAergic) neurons in
Caenorhabditis elegans
(
C. elegans
) is sufficient to significantly alter organismal lifespan, stress tolerance, and reproductive capabilities. This mitochondrial stress also leads to significant changes in mitochondrial mass, energy production, and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). DAF-16/FoxO activity is enhanced by GABAergic neuronal mitochondrial stress and mediates the induction of these non-cell-autonomous effects. Moreover, our findings indicate that GABA signaling operates within the same pathway as mitochondrial stress in GABAergic neurons, resulting in non-cell-autonomous alterations in organismal stress tolerance and longevity. In summary, these data suggest the crucial role of GABAergic neurons in detecting mitochondrial stress and orchestrating non-cell-autonomous changes throughout the organism.
Identification of the Most Important 3D Roughness Parameters for Surface Characterization for Enhanced Process Optimiztion in Mechanical Blasting
Authors: Liu M. Y. , Schlegel H. , Dix M.
Published: May 2024

To achieve desired surface properties, various mechanical processes are used, including mechanical blasting, a technique involving the high-pressure projection of grains onto a surface. This study focuses on surfaces treated through mechanical blasting, specifically analyzing stainless steel components. The influence of key manufacturing parameters, such as grain shape and rotational speed, is systematically investigated across different stages. A comprehensive methodology for feature selection is presented, aiming to identify crucial roughness parameters and analyze their impact on the manufacturing process. The objective is to determine the most significant roughness parameters to establish a tailored quality control system aligned with the outcomes of mechanical blasting. This system provides targeted feedback on the manufacturing parameters, enabling precise adjustment and achieving the desired surface roughness. This approach contributes to sustainable process optimization by minimizing rework and reducing rejects 32 3D roughness parameters, defined by ISO standards, are calculated and analyzed. Based on a data set with 300 measured values, a statistical analysis was performed, which includes a correlation analysis and a regression analysis using Lasso regression for parameter selection. The results of the correlation analysis suggest that feature, functional and volume parameters seems to be important role for surface characterization. However, in further analysis by Lasso regression, the volume parameters were found to be irrelavant. In this context, the roughness parameters Spc, which represent the arithmetic mean peak curvature of surface features, and Spd, which signifies the number of peaks per unit area, stand out as notably significant and have been emphasized as the most crucial parameters.
Ferramentas da qualidade: uma aplicação do ciclo PDCA e MASP em micro e pequenas empresas
Authors: Silva Leticia Santos da , Paulino Ingrid Alves , Aguiar Fernanda Lara Paixão de , Santos Stanley Fellipe Pinto dos , Santos Jordy Lopes dos , Torres Edna Araújo
Published: May 2024

A gestão da qualidade é descrita como uma abordagem analítica fundamentada na tomada de decisões embasadas em fatos e na incorporação de métodos e ferramentas que promovem aprimoramento constante dos processos e seus resultados. Entre as ferramentas e métodos utilizados, o ciclo PDCA e a MASP têm se destacado como poderosas ferramentas para o controle da qualidade. Este estudo tem como objetivo mapear os problemas que ocorrem em uma hamburgueria, a partir da aplicação de ferramentas da qualidade. Com este trabalho, pretende-se constatar, por via exploratória, se realmente a implementação de ferramentas da qualidade auxilia na melhoria contínua e na obtenção de vantagem competitiva. Para abordar esta problemática, foi elaborado um estudo de caso em uma empresa do ramo alimentício de hambúrgueres, empresa esta, que está localizada no município de Concórdia do Pará, na região nordeste paraense. Utilizou-se de pesquisa qualitativa e para a coleta de dados foi elaborado um roteiro de entrevista, posteriormente, tudo foi enumerado e ordenado para análise. Nos resultados identificou-se uma alta rotatividade de funcionários, uma demora na entrega dos produtos e uma falta de variedade no cardápio. Por fim, sugeriu-se a implementação de sistemas para monitorar os pedidos em tempo real, maior interação interna entre os funcionários e investir em mais contratações e aquisição de veículos para melhorar o serviço ofertado pela hamburgueria.
Uso de filmes como ferramenta didática para o ensino de imunologia
Authors: Fonseca Vitória Louise Mendes , Farias Lorrayne Ribeiro , Almeida Maria Tereza Carvalho , Guimarães Talita Antunes , Andrade Mariléia Chaves , Paula Júnior Waldemar de
Published: May 2024

A imunologia é a ciência que estuda a defesa do organismo humano. Embora seus conteúdos despertem curiosidade e interesse, ensinar e aprender imunologia ainda é um grande desafio. Nesse sentido, torna-se fundamental a busca de ferramentas úteis para que o processo de ensino-aprendizagem seja mais prazeroso, produtivo e dinâmico, enriquecendo e fortalecendo a prática docente. Diante dessa necessidade, a utilização de filmes como apoio para trabalhar conteúdos de imunologia em sala de aula pode servir de contextualização e incentivo para o desenvolvimento de habilidades relacionadas a aplicabilidade da imunologia no cotidiano. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar conteúdos de imunologia em filmes viabilizando sua possível utilização para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Foi realizado um levantamento de 40 filmes com possibilidade de abordagem de conteúdos de imunologia, considerando a sinopse ou indicação pelos autores. Os filmes foram definidos e divididos em subáreas: (1) Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica, (2) Leucemias e (3) Doenças Relacionadas ao Sistema Imune. Cada filme foi assistido atentamente e as abordagens direta ou indireta de conteúdos imunológicos foram anotadas: possíveis relações do sistema imune com o organismo humano, o contexto de tais abordagens e se o filme desperta a curiosidade de aprofundar mais sobre os assuntos. Os dados de cada filme foram relacionados com o sistema imune, destacando a viabilidade de uso dos filmes como ferramenta didática aplicada ao ensino de imunologia. O uso contextualizado de filmes com conteúdo de imunologia representa excelente forma de metodologia ativa e de ferramenta didática no processo de ensino-aprendizagem em imunologia.
Efficacy of Foley Catheter Bulb with Intracervical Dinoprostone Gel versus Dinoprostone Gel Alone for Cervical Ripening and Induction of Labour: An Observational Study
Authors: Bhowmick Sohan , Das Nilratan , Das Tanmoy , Biswas Arunava
Published: May 2024

Introduction: One of the most common obstetrical interventions is the induction of labour. Cervical ripening drugs are typically used before conventional methods of induction since they are linked to an increased risk of protracted labour, chorioamnionitis, and Caesarean Sections (CS) during labour induction when an unfavourable cervix is present. The two major techniques for cervical ripening are mechanical interventions, such as the insertion of balloon catheters, and the application of pharmacologic agents, such as prostaglandins. It is widely accepted that the induction of labour, which ultimately leads to vaginal delivery, is largely dependent on the condition of the uterus’ cervix. Aim: To compare the efficacy of a combination of Foley bulb catheter and intracervical Dinoprostone and intracervical Dinoprostone alone for the induction of labour. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was performed over 150 pregnant mothers from May 2018 to April 2019. in the labour room of North Bengal Medical College and Hospital, a tertiary care institution in Darjeeling, West Bengal, India. The pregnant women were divided into two groups: intracervical Dinoprostone gel alone (Group-1) and a combination of intracervical Foley catheter and intracervical Dinoprostone gel (Group-2) with n=75 patients in each group. Group-1 received intracervical Dinoprostone gel 0.5 mg, which was repeated every 6 hours, a maximum of three doses, or until she went into active labour, whichever occurred earlier. In Group-2, a 16 F Foley catheter was inserted into the cervix, inflated, and a single dose of intracervical Dinoprostone gel 0.5 mg was given alongside it. Participant demographic characteristics, medical and pregnancy history, indication for labour induction, labour course, and outcomes were collected. The collected data were analysed with the mean and standard deviation for numerical variables and counts and percentages for categorical variables. Odds ratio was calculated where deemed relevant. Results: The induction to delivery time was considered the primary outcome and was shorter in Group-2 by 28 minutes (p=0.342). Among the secondary outcomes, the duration of the latent phase of labour was shorter in Group-2 by 57 minutes, and the proportion of patients delivering within 12 hours was also higher (28%) but statistically insignificant (p>0.05). The rates of CS were unaffected by the mode of induction. None of the two methods were found to be inferior to the other in respect to neonatal outcomes or complications of labour like chorioamnionitis and postpartum haemorrhage. Conclusion: The combination of Foley catheter with intracervical Dinoprostone gel did not prove to be more efficient than intracervical Dinoprostone alone for labour induction in the current study