bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Importance of Pathya-Apathya in Ayurveda : A Review Article
Authors: Sakshi Chauhan  , Rupali  , Thakur Sonali  , Indu
Published: February 2024

In Ayurveda both the body and disease are considered to be food dependant - Ahara Sambhavam Vastuh Rogaschahara Sambhavah. Ahara is given the first place among three Upastambha which are the most essential for living. In Yuktivyapashraya Chikitsa, only medicine and food are planned. These medicinal Ahara and Vihara are called Upashaya and opposite is Anupashaya. Principle of Pathya-Apathya is similar to Upshay-Anupshay. To advocate importance of Pathya, Acharyas have mentioned specific Pathya and Apathyas in accordance to disease. This conceptual study is an attempt to throw light on the importance of Pathya-Apathya in disease as well as normal life. The concept of Pathya and Apathya is important in the treatment of every disease as well as for prevention or for maintaining a healthy life.
Nidra: An Ayurvedic Perspective
Authors: Acharya Achyut , Sahu Geetanjali , Itani Naresh , Santoki Akash Mansukhbhai  , Sharma Reetu
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Sleep is a natural, essential activity for the restoration of fatigued tissues, with its mechanism not fully elucidated. Ayurveda considers sleep, along with diet and celibacy, as fundamental pillars of life. Materials & Methods: Various literatures like Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Astanga Hridaya, modern medical textbooks, journals and online databases are reviewed Results: Proper sleep promotes happiness, nourishment, strength, knowledge, and longevity. Day sleep (Divaswapna) is recommended under specific conditions, aligning with seasonal rhythms. Insomnia (Nidranasa) is linked to Dosha imbalances, mental exhaustion, and systemic disturbances. Discussion: Ayurvedic recommendations for daytime sleep vary based on individual constitutions and health conditions. The approach underscores the significance of balancing these factors for sound and restorative sleep. Conclusion: The Ayurvedic perspective emphasizes obtaining the right amount of sleep at the right time for overall well-being. Sleep is deemed a rejuvenating force, contributing to strength, nourishment, and satisfaction. Individualized regimens are crucial to ensure proper sleep and address potential imbalances, aligning with Ayurvedic principles for holistic health.
An open label single arm clinical study of Dashamooladi Yamaka Pratimarsha Nasya and Prasaranyadi Kashaya in Apabahuka (Frozen Shoulder)
Authors: Gangaram Bhagiya Gayatri , Lakshmiprasad L Jadhav  , Chaithra M
Published: February 2024

Background: Apabahuka is a Vata Vyadhi which affects Amsa Sandhi and causes Amsa Bandha Shoshana. Prakupita Vata causes Kshaya of Shleshaka Kapha and Sira Sankochana leading to Bahupraspanditahara. Nasya and Uttarbhaktika Snehapana are the indicated Chikitsakrama for Apabahuka. Dashamooladi Yamaka Pratimarsha Nasya and Prasaranyadi Kashaya are the indicated Chikitsa Yoga for Apabahuka in Vatavyadhichikitsa. Hence this study is intended to evaluate the same. Objective: To clinically evaluate the combined effectiveness of Dashamooladi Yamaka Pratimarsha Nasya and Prasaranyadi Kashaya in Apabahuka (Frozen Shoulder). Methodology: 36 subjects were administered with Dashamooladi Yamaka Pratimarsha Nasya 2 Bindu in each nostril after food morning and night and Prasaranyadi Kashaya 16ml 3 times a day on before food for a period of 14 days. Subjective and objective parameters were assessed by Constant Murley score. Results: Statistically significant (P < 0.05) improvement was observed in subjective parameters such as Amsasandhi Shoola, Bahupraspanditahara. With objective parameters like range of movement of shoulder significant change was observed. Conclusion: Dashamooladi Yamaka in the form of Pratimarsha Nasya and Prasaranyadi Kashaya orally together were found effective in the management of Apabahuka.
Ayurvedic management of Alopecia Areata - A Single Case Study
Authors: Sushama Narlewad  , D.V. Hange
Published: February 2024

Alopecia areata is defined as patches of hair loss on the scalp. It is considered a psychosomatic disorder in present era. Today, the young generation is more likely to be victims of Alopecia areata, based on clinical grounds. There are many causes of alopecia areata, such as fungal infection, dandruff, scalp psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, pediculosis, systemic disorders, autoimmune disorders, etc. It may also be seen as a side effect of chemotherapy or radiotherapy. A 16-year-old patient had patches of hair loss on his scalp. He had taken treatment with conventional modern medicine, but in vain. The patient was given Ayurvedic treatment for six months on an OPD basis, including Karanj oil for local application, Rakt Pachak Churna, Rasayan Churna, Aarogyavardhini Vati, and Jalaukavacharan (leech therapy). After a 3-months interval, regrowth of the hair was found. This study suggests that Shaman and Shodhan treatment can provide noteworthy relief in Alopecia areata, i.e., Indralupta.
Processing of earth-based materials: current situation and challenges ahead
Authors: Keita Emmanuel , Perrot Arnaud
Published: February 2024

With the overall aim of supporting the development of new construction techniques and materials that are more economical and less carbon intensive, RILEM has decided to launch three new technical committees on earth construction in 2022. One of these committees will focus on the manufacturing processes used in earth construction (TC PEM). The aim of this committee is to bring together experts from several disciplines (materials science, earth construction, rheology, geotechnics, cement chemistry, etc.) to advance earth construction techniques by sharing and promoting good practice. The processing of earth is today based on solid empirical knowledge which fails to convince structural design engineers. As a result, earth construction is still limited to small buildings. To upscale the use of earthen material in construction, it is required to provide a solid scientific background that can be used for the writing of standards and recommendations to guarantee minimal performances in service. Areas of work include improving understanding of the mechanical behaviour of the material in the fresh state, developing characterization methods, monitoring the material during curing, and studying new construction techniques, particularly digital ones. The work of the technical committee PEM “Processing of earth-based materials” is expected to gather the scientific knowledge that can be further used for the writing of construction and design codes for earthen materials.
NATIONAL POLICE DATABASES AND THEIR INCREASING IMPORTANCE IN 21ST CENTURY POLICING
Authors: Blakeman Amanda
Published: February 2024

On November 14, 2023, Chief Constable Amanda Blakeman presented “National Police Databases and Their Increasing Importance in 21st Century Policing” for this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The key points discussed were the creation, functions, and use cases of the Police National Database (PND).

 

Received: 12-18-2023

Revised: 01-26-2024
THE ROLE OF STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION WITHIN CONTEMPORARY INFORMATION WARFARE
Authors: Janzen Jay
Published: February 2024

On November 16, 2023, Brigadier General (Rtd.) Jay Janzen presented The Role of Strategic Communication within Contemporary Information Warfare for this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The key points discussed were the increasing importance of cognitive warfare in contemporary conflict, NATO’s reimagining of its doctrine to address evolving threats from adversarial states, and the role of physical, virtual, and cognitive effects in defence and deterrence.

 

Received: 01-20-2024

Revised: 01-28-2024
POPULATION-CENTRIC WARFARE
Authors: Kilcullen David
Published: February 2024

On November 16th, 2023, Dr. David Kilcullen presented Population-Centric Warfare for this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a question-and-answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The key points discussed were the evolution of warfare with a focus on smaller, cheaper platforms, challenges in urban and coastal environments driven by electronic connectivity, and the crucial integration of internal security efforts with national security strategies to address ongoing global conflicts.

 

Received: 01-20-2024

Revised: 01-29-2024
BUILDING INTELLIGENCE REVIEW INTO NATIONAL SECURITY - THE CANADIAN EXPERIENCE
Authors: Davies John
Published: February 2024

On November 17, 2023, John Davies, Executive Director, National Security Intelligence Review Agency (NSIRA), presented Building Intelligence Review into National Security: The Canadian Experience for this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The key points discussed were the structure and responsibilities of NSIRA, the challenges and experiences of NSIRA in the last four years, and NSIRA’s plans for the future.

 

Received: 01-20-2024

Revised: 01-29-2024
User Requirements in Developing a Novel Dietary Assessment Tool for Children: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: van der Heijden Zoë , de Gooijer Femke , Camps Guido , Lucassen Desiree , Feskens Edith , Lasschuijt Marlou , Brouwer-Brolsma Elske
Published: February 2024

Background

The prevalence of childhood obesity and comorbidities is rising alarmingly, and diet is an important modifiable determinant. Numerous dietary interventions in children have been developed to reduce childhood obesity and overweight rates, but their long-term effects are unsatisfactory. Stakeholders call for more personalized approaches, which require detailed dietary intake data. In the case of primary school children, caregivers are key to providing such dietary information. However, as school-aged children are not under the full supervision of one specific caregiver anymore, data are likely to be biased. Recent technological advancements provide opportunities for the role of children themselves, which would serve the overall quality of the obtained dietary data.

Objective

This study aims to conduct a child-centered exploratory sequential mixed methods study to identify user requirements for a dietary assessment tool for children aged 5 to 6 years.

Methods

Formative, nonsystematic narrative literature research was undertaken to delineate initial user requirements and inform prototype ideation in an expert panel workshop (n=11). This yielded 3 prototype dietary assessment tools: FoodBear (tangible piggy bank), myBear (smartphone or tablet app), and FoodCam (physical camera). All 3 prototypes were tested for usability by means of a usability task (video analyses) and user experience (This or That method) among 14 Dutch children aged 5 to 6 years (n=8, 57% boys and n=6, 43% girls).

Results

Most children were able to complete FoodBear’s (11/14, 79%), myBear’s (10/14, 71%), and FoodCam’s (9/14, 64%) usability tasks, but all children required assistance (14/14, 100%) and most of the children encountered usability problems (13/14, 93%). Usability issues were related to food group categorization and recognition, frustrations owing to unsatisfactory functioning of (parts) of the prototypes, recall of food products, and the distinction between eating moments. No short-term differences in product preference between the 3 prototypes were observed, but autonomy, challenge, gaming elements, being tablet based, appearance, social elements, and time frame were identified as determinants of liking the product.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that children can play a complementary role in dietary data collection to enhance the data collected by their parents. Incorporation of a training program, auditory or visual prompts, reminders and feedback, a user-friendly and intuitive interaction design, child-friendly food groups or icons, and room for children’s autonomy were identified as requirements for the future development of a novel and usable dietary assessment tool for children aged 5 to 6 years. Our findings can serve as valuable guidance for ongoing innovations in the field of children’s dietary assessment and the provision of personalized dietary support.
ZnO-Loaded SA-g-Poly (AC-co-EBS) Hydrogel Nanocomposite as an Efficient Adsorption of Tetracycline and Phenol: Kinetics and Thermodynamic Models
Authors: Aljeboree Aseel Mushtak , Al-Hussainawy Mohammed Kassim , Altimari Usama Salim , Al-Hussein Shaymaa Abed , Azeez Maha Daham , Alkaim Ayad Fadhil
Published: February 2024

A synthetic superabsorbent polymer hydrogel nanocomposite was prepared by the free radical graft co-polymerization method. This study included the preparation of two surfaces: first sodium alginate-g-(acrylic acid-co-sodium; 4-ethenylbenzenesulfonate), SA-g-poly (Ac-co-EBS) hydrogel, and second surface hydrogel after zinc oxide loading SA-g-poly (Ac-co-EBS). Hydrogel nanocomposite was prepared from different monomers for the removal of pollutants. The physical characterizations of nanocomposite have been studied using several techniques like UV-vis, FTIR, FE-SEM, TEM, EDX, and XRD. The data from the adsorption study show that E% increases with increasing contact time, with the best agitation time of 1 h, after which the adsorption becomes constant. The increase in adsorbent amount 0.01–0.1 g, the percentage removal of tetracycline (TC) and phenol (PH) increased from 60.639–97.085 and 487.71–94.05%, respectively, and Qe decreased 606.39–97.08 to 487.1831–94.456 mg/g on hydrogel. The ∆H value is endothermic. All processes of adsorption are considered spontaneous, from a negative value of ∆G to a positive value of ∆S. The release of the TC drug was studied in conditions similar to those in the human body in terms of acidity and temperature. The cumulative release of TC drug in 3 h was 50.65%, 42.33%, pH = 7.5 and pH 1.2, respectively.
Synthesis of TiO2/ZnO Nanocomposites by the Electrochemical Method and Their Application in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs)
Authors: Alduhaidahawi Aqeel Mahdi Jreo , Ahmed Ali Abdulsalam
Published: February 2024

Various standard methods have previously been used for the synthesis of nanoparticles that produce unhealthy waste. They are also considered unsafe and expensive methods. An alternative technology is needed to synthesize nanoparticles that consume less energy and are more environmentally friendly. In this research, a TiO2/ZnO nanocomposite has been synthesized, which was produced with efficient energy and no environmental pollution using an easy and fast method (electrochemical). Additionally, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been fabricated from TiO2/ZnO nanocomposite which was synthesized by a new green method and pigments (methylene blue as a chemical dye and chlorophyll as a natural dye). These DSSCs were characterized by their high ability to absorb ultraviolet energy, where the efficiency of energy conversion η of ITO-TiO2/ZnO were approximately 2.08, and 3.04% with chlorophyll and methylene blue, respectively, showing that η of ITO-TiO2/ZnO with methylene blue was the best.
An English Translation of the Prose of the Ritual of Plowing the Fields Written by Pan Yue and an Analysis of Its Historical Background
Authors: Du Jian
Published: February 2024

Agriculture has always been a significant aspect of China's history. For thousands of years, the agricultural model, which combines meticulous farming by farmers and family handicrafts, has been the foundation for China's continuous and prosperous history. The Ritual of Plowing the Fields serves two purposes, firstly as a preparatory ritual for the ancestral temple sacrifice and secondly as an initiative by the emperor to promote agriculture. The Rhyme-prose of the Ritual of Plowing the Fields Written by Pan Yue embodies significant ideological concepts, such as the importance of agriculture as the national foundation, keeping the agricultural timing, and valuing frugality. This prose reflects the ancient Chinese politician's contemplation on maintaining good governance, promoting social prosperity, and ensuring long-lasting well-being of the common people.
CARDIOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF TRIKATU CHURNA ON ISOPROTERENOL-INDUCED MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: KASHYAP VIPIN KUMAR , SRIVASTAVA PRAGYA , HEDAYTULLAH  , ALAM SHADAB
Published: February 2024

Objective: The goal of this study aimed to evaluate the protective and vascular effect of the polyherbal trikatu in rats on isoproterenol (ISO) triggered myocardial infarction (MI).
Methods: For a total of two days in a row at 24 h breaks (27th and 28th d), a subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of isoproterenol (85 mg/kg body weight) was used to induce myocardial infarction. The rats in Group I behaved as the normal control without pretreatment. Rats in Group II were given isoproterenol. The rats in Group III were selected as the standard, treated with vitamin E (10 mg/kg, p.o.) for 28 d and subjected to isoproterenol (ISO) toxicity. Rats of Group IV and Group V received test sample trikatu 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, respectively for 28 d and were subjected to isoproterenol (ISO) toxicity.
Results: Rats given isoproterenol treatment revealed a considerable elevation of serum enzyme cardiac troponin I (cTnI), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Heart creatinine kinase (CK-MB), Lactase dehydrogenase (LDH). Rats pretreated with trikatu and vitamin E+ISO showed significant different (p<0.001) for AST, ALT, LDH and CK-MB levels elevated by ISO. Histopathological tests showed that trikatu and vitamin E decreased inflammation and edema in the hearts of rats.
Conclusion: The aqueous suspension of trikatu churna was found to be significantly helpful in minimizing the magnitude of myocardial damage and combating oxidative stress.
Explorar los matices: aprendizaje personalizado y adaptativo en la educación digital
Authors: Enríquez Vázquez Larisa , Navarro Perales Joaquín
Published: February 2024

La adaptación de los entornos digitales de aprendizaje y la personalización del aprendizaje son metas presentes en diversos modelos y tecnologías educativas; esto se refleja en que los términos “aprendizaje personalizado”, “aprendizaje adaptativo” y “aprendizaje adaptable” sean populares en la literatura especializada. Sin embargo, es común que dichos términos sean utilizados indistintamente. En este trabajo se lleva a cabo una revisión del uso de las tres expresiones, así como de modelos educativos y entornos de aprendizaje basados en la adaptación de contenido educativo, la navegación y rutas de aprendizaje, las interfaces y la retroalimentación. Se identifica un nuevo paradigma educativo que fortalece los modelos centrados en los alumnos que, junto con la adaptabilidad que ofrecen las tecnologías avanzadas, impulsan esquemas para la personalización del aprendizaje.
Aprendizaje creativo: la cocina como laboratorio de ciencias
Authors: Gutiérrez Aguilar Manuel
Published: February 2024

La enseñanza experimental en las ciencias naturales se vio fuertemente impactada por la pandemia de covid-19. La implementación apresurada de técnicas de enseñanza con simuladores logró, en cierta medida, paliar la ausencia de un aprendizaje basado en experiencias reales. En esta reflexión, se aborda la posibilidad de mantener herramientas de enseñanza remota vinculadas con actividades experimentales simples y seguras en una cocina. Esta aproximación tiene el potencial de enriquecer significativamente el aprendizaje experimental de estudiantes, tanto en escuelas preparatorias como a nivel de licenciatura.
Piloteando ando: ajustes a un cuestionario de investigación a partir del estudio piloto
Authors: Hernández Alvarado Miguel Ángel , de Agüero Servín María de las Mercedes , Benavides Lara Mario Alberto
Published: February 2024

Este trabajo presenta el análisis de un estudio piloto para ajustar el cuestionario del proyecto “Transición de docentes y estudiantes de la unam a la educación remota durante la pandemia”. Realizado por la Coordinación de Universidad Abierta, Innovación Educativa y Educación a Distancia (cuaieed), involucra a profesores y estudiantes de bachillerato y licenciatura de la unam. El piloto, realizado en línea con LymeSurvey.com, incluyó a 396 participantes, con profesores (n=27) y estudiantes (n=369) invitados mediante la técnica de bola de nieve. Este artículo se centra en el análisis de respuestas de estudiantes, identificando mejoras en reactivos. El piloteo, al observar comportamientos del cuestionario y plataforma, calculó porcentajes por comportamiento y recuperó frases de respuestas. Estudiar las percepciones estudiantiles contribuye al entendimiento de procesos de enseñanza y formación docente. El análisis preliminar del estudio piloto señala su cumplimiento, identificando áreas de mejora y preparando el terreno para la investigación principal sobre la transición a la educación remota en la unam.
Enhancing Structural Resilience: A Comparative Study of G+35 Storey Irregular Buildings with Bracing and Diagrid Systems
Authors: Gupta Nikhil
Published: February 2024

Abstract: The study presented herein delves into the structural performance and behavior of a building subjected to different configurations, namely, an Irregular Building, an Irregular Building with Steel Bracing, and an Irregular Building with Diagrid System. The focus of the investigation is on key structural parameters such as node displacements and storey shear values across various levels of the building. Understanding how these parameters vary in response to different design strategies is vital for assessing the overall stability, safety, and efficiency of the structure in the face of external forces. Structural engineers and designers are constantly striving to optimize building designs to meet safety standards and performance criteria. The incorporation of additional elements, such as steel bracing or a diagrid system, can significantly impact a structure's ability to withstand lateral forces, ensuring resilience in the face of dynamic loads such as wind or seismic events. By comparing the performance of the three configurations, this study aims to provide insights into the efficacy of these design strategies and their influence on key structural indicators. Through a comprehensive analysis of node displacements and storey shear values at various levels, this study seeks to contribute valuable information to the field of structural engineering. The findings may inform future design decisions, guide improvements in structural systems, and enhance the understanding of how different configurations influence the overall behavior of a building. Ultimately, the knowledge gained from this study can contribute to the advancement of resilient and efficient structural designs, with implications for the broader fields of architecture and civil engineering.
Citizens' Satisfaction on Service Quality of Mobile Government (Case Study : Wargaku Surabaya Application)
Authors: Yuliantini Lisa Sophia , Purnomo Eko Priyo
Published: February 2024

This research aims to analyze citizens’ satisfaction on the service quality mobile Government on the WargaKu Surabaya application, using the Mobile Government Service Quality (SQ-mGov) measurement with four indicators, namely connectivity, interactivity, authenticity, and understanding. The research method used was quantitative using SmartPLS version 0.3 software with primary data sources in the form of questionnaires totaling 100 respondents. This research is interesting because it discusses citizens’ satisfaction with the quality of government services using parameters for measuring the quality of mobile government services. The research results show that the connectivity indicator variables and understanding indicators influence citizens’ satisfaction of service quality mobile government on the WargaKu Surabaya application. However, the interactivity and authenticity indicators do not affect citizens’ satisfaction on service quality mobile government on the WargaKu Surabaya application. The practical implications of this research can be used as input for the government to improve the quality of mobile government services on the WargaKu Surabaya application, with the hope that as the service quality mobile Government increases, the citizens’ satisfaction will also improve.
Gerenciamento de resíduos de um serviço de hemodiálise na Bahia
Authors: Costa Isleide Carmen Silva , Mattos Glauber Rocha de , Braúna Iraciara Lopes , Pinheiro Juliana dos Santos , Souza Leonita Siqueira Nunes
Published: February 2024

Os Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde - RSS podem se tornar grave problema, devido aos riscos à saúde humana, meio ambiente, trabalhadores e usuários. A Vigilância Sanitária é o órgão regulador que deve orientar, fiscalizar e controlar o manuseio desses RSS. Nos serviços de hemodiálise os profissionais estão expostos a riscos gerados por situações diversas, desde os procedimentos diretos com o paciente até o reprocessamento dos dialisadores e o manuseio dos resíduos. Trata-se de um relato de experiência, onde são apresentados os resultados de uma inspeção sanitária em serviço de hemodiálise de uma cidade do interior baiano, quanto ao Gerenciamento de Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde - GRSS. Este estudo tem como objetivo descrever as ações relativas ao manejo dos RSS no âmbito de uma Clínica de Hemodiálise, contemplando aspectos relativos à proteção à saúde pública e segurança ocupacional do pessoal. Para tanto, buscou-se detectar riscos em relação à saúde individual, coletiva e ao meio ambiente, e destacar a importância da Educação Permanente em Saúde voltada ao GRSS. Verificou-se que o Plano de Gerenciamento de Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde está incompleto e não possui comprovação de capacitação e treinamento dos funcionários e que a segregação e armazenamento não estava adequada. Evidenciou-se que é preciso investir no processo de educação permanente, a fim de instrumentalizar profissionais com visão crítica para lidar com as diversas situações dos serviços de hemodiálise, principalmente GRSS, evitando comprometer a qualidade do serviço, e expor profissionais e pacientes a riscos.
Los recubrimientos exteriores en la arquitectura alemana de Valdivia. Una metáfora de refinamiento y distinción social
Authors: Horn-Morgenstern Andrés
Published: February 2024

As a result of the colonization process that began in the mid-19th century in southern Chile and, with it, the systematic arrival of European immigrants, an informal discourse has been favored over time to sustain the transcendent contribution of foreigners in the area, as well as the architectures accrued, thus emerging a widely spread valuation and cataloging discourse; the «German architecture of southern Chile.» Notwithstanding the widely publicized colonizing agenda and its overall impact, economic progress and better material conditions are not transversal issues within this migrant colony. Within this scenario, the Typical Zone of General Pedro Lagos Street, located in the city of Valdivia, constitutes a highly representative sector in terms of its social recognition and the valuation given to the properties located there as exponents of a prolific colonization process. In a specific group of buildings in this area, this article will review and present detailed background information that will allow building a situated and complex architectural scene, revealing the mechanisms used to exhibit prosperity and social climbing as an expiatory vehicle to cover production conditions alien to the neatness of capitalist German entrepreneurship and the European sophistication that was so desired to be transmitted in the cities undergoing fledgling immigration processes.
Magneto-Hydrodynamic Flow of an Incompressible Fluid in a Collapsible Elastic Tube with Mass and Heat Transfer
Authors: Kaigalula Victor , Okelo Jeconia , Mutua Samuel , Muvengei Onesmus
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study is to examine unsteady incompressible
Magnetohydrodynamic fluid flow together with soret and dufour effects on
mass and heat transfer through a collapsible elastic tube. The governing
equations are continuity equation, momentum equation, energy equation
and concentration equation. The velocity, temperature and concentration
profiles together with heat and mass transfer rate were determined. The
system of nonlinear partial differential equations governing the flow
solved numerically by applying collocation method and implemented in
MATLAB. The numerical solution of the profiles displayed both by
graphically and numerically for different values of the physical
parameters entering into the problem. The effects of varying various
parameters such as Reynolds number, Hartmann number, Soret number,
Dufour number and Prandtl number on velocity, temperature and
concentration profiles also the rate of heat and mass transfer are
discussed. The study is significant because heat and mass transfer
mechanisms with the soret and dufour effects considerations play an
important role due to its wide range of application including but not
limited to medical fields, biological sciences and other physical
sciences where collapsible tubes are applied.
The Spectral Characteristics of Lunar Agglutinates: Visible-Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Apollo Soil Separates
Authors: Yasanayake Chanud , Denevi Brett W. , Hiroi Takahiro , Jolliff Bradley L , Martin Anna C , Gao Annabelle , Zhang Margaret L , Bloom Lucas M , Lawrence Samuel
Published: February 2024

The lunar surface evolves over time due to space weathering, and the
visible–near-infrared spectra of more mature (i.e., heavily weathered)
soils are lower in reflectance and steeper in spectral slope (i.e.,
darker and redder) than their immature counterparts. These spectral
changes have traditionally been attributed to the space-weathered rims
of soil grains (and particularly nanophase iron therein). However,
understudied thus far is the spectral role of agglutinates—the
agglomerates of mineral and lithic fragments, nanophase iron, and glass
that are formed by micrometeoroid impacts and are ubiquitous in mature
lunar soils. We separated agglutinates and non-agglutinates from six
lunar soils of varying maturity and composition, primarily from the
125–250 μm size fraction, and measured their visible–near-infrared
reflectance spectra. For each soil, agglutinate spectra are darker, are
redder, and have weaker absorption bands than the corresponding
non-agglutinate and unsorted soil spectra. Moreover, greater soil
maturity corresponds to darker agglutinate spectra with weaker
absorption bands. These findings suggest that agglutinates (rather than
solely the space-weathered rims) play an important role in both the
darkening and reddening of mature soils—at least for the size
fractions examined here. Comparisons with analog soils suggest that high
nanophase iron abundance in agglutinates is likely responsible for their
low reflectance and spectrally red slope. Additional studies of
agglutinates are needed, both to more comprehensively characterize their
spectral properties (across size fractions and in mixing with
non-agglutinates) and to assess the relative roles of agglutinates and
rims in weathering-associated spectral changes.
Frictional Properties of Feldspar-chlorite Altered Gouges and Implications for Fault Reactivation in Hydrothermal Systems
Authors: Hu Zijuan , Zhang Chongyuan , Zhang Lei , Elsworth Derek , Gan Quan , Lei Huiru , He Man-chao , Yao Leihua
Published: February 2024

As a particularly common minerals in granites, the presence of feldspar
and altered feldspar-chlorite gouges at hydrothermal conditions have
important implications in fault strength and reactivation. We present
laboratory observations of frictional strength and stability of feldspar
(K-feldspar and albite) and altered feldspar-chlorite gouges under
conditions representative of deep geothermal reservoirs to evaluate the
impact on fault stability. Velocity‐ stepping experiments are performed
at a confining stress of 95 MPa, pore pressures of 35-90 MPa and
temperatures of 120-400°C representative of in situ conditions for such
reservoirs. Our experiment results show that the feldspar gouge is
frictionally strong (μ~0.71) at all experimental
temperatures (~120-400℃) but transits from
velocity-strengthening to velocity-weakening at T>120°C.
Increasing the pore pressure increases the friction coefficient
(~0.70-0.87) and the gouge remains velocity weakening,
but this weakening decreases as pore pressures increase. The presence of
alteration-sourced chlorite leads to a transition from velocity
weakening to velocity strengthening in the mixed gouge at experimental
temperatures and pore pressures. As a ubiquitous mineral in reservoir
rocks, feldspar is shown to potentially contribute to unstable sliding
over ranges in temperature and pressure typical in deep hydrothermal
reservoirs. These findings emphasize that feldspar minerals may increase
the potential for injection-induced seismicity on pre-existing faults if
devoid of chlorite alteration.
Reconciling the long-term growth of the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau and the upstream Yellow River profile
Authors: He Xiang , Yuan Xiaoping , He Chuanqi , Wang Xianyan , Shen Xiaoming
Published: February 2024

The growth history of the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau (NETP) is
enigmatic, with debates on when and how the NETP significantly uplifted.
Here, we use a numerical landscape evolution model to quantitatively
investigate the ~20 Ma growth history of the NETP by
studying the formation history of the upstream Yellow River (UYR).
Compared to the observed river profiles, erosion rates, the trend of
acceleration time of deformation, and paleo-elevation, our modeling
results suggest that the long-term growth history of the NETP consists
of an early block uplift (~20-12 Ma) and a late outward
propagation uplift (~12-0 Ma). Before
~12 Ma (middle Miocene), the NETP was uplifted via a
block growth, with major uplift in the south part. Subsequently, the
high (~5 km) NETP has been uplifted via a northward
propagation growth until the present-day time. We further suggest that
pure headward erosion unlikely formed the observed river profile of the
UYR over the past few million years. Our modeling thus reconciles the
long-term outward growth of the NETP and the UYR profile, suggesting a
downstream migration of high erosion rates, which is fundamentally
different from the headward erosion of small mountain rivers. The
downstream propagation of fluvial erosion may commonly occur in the
outward-growing plateau on Earth.
Sensitivity of the Shallow-to-Deep Convective Transition to Moisture and Wind Shear in the Amazon
Authors: Viscardi Leandro Alex Moreira , Torri Giuseppe , Adams David Kenton , Barbosa Henrique M. J.
Published: February 2024

Deep convection is the primary influence on weather and climate in
tropical regions. However, understanding and simulating the
shallow-to-deep (STD) convective transition has long been challenging.
Here, we conduct high-resolution numerical simulations to assess the
environmental controls on the evolution of isolated convection in the
Amazon during the wet season. Observations and large-scale forcing
derived through the constrained variational analysis approach for the
GoAmazon2014/5 experiments are used in the simulations and model
validation. The model consistently reproduces the GOAmazon observations
for precipitation, moisture, and surface fluxes of radiation, latent and
sensible heat. Through sensitivity experiments, we examine the relative
importance of moisture and vertical wind shear in controlling the STD
convective transition. Reducing the pre-convective humidity within the
lower 1.5 km significantly suppresses vertical development and lowers
the ice water path. Additionally, the maximum precipitation rate
decreases almost quadratically with column water vapor. Conversely, a
reduction of column water vapor above 1.5 km by a factor of two or more
is necessary to produce a comparable decrease in ice water path or
precipitation. Moderate low-level wind shear facilitates the STD
transition, leading to an earlier peak of ice water compared to stronger
wind shear or its absence. Although upper-level wind shear negatively
influences high cloud formation, its role in controlling the STD
transition is relatively smaller than that of low-level wind shear. Our
results help quantify the role of moisture and wind shear on the STD
transition, but also suggest that dynamic factors may exert a more
pronounced influence.
South Asian Summer Monsoon Precipitation is Sensitive to Southern Hemisphere Subtropical Radiation Changes
Authors: Hingmire Dipti Swapnil , Hirasawa Haruki , Singh Hansi Alice , Rasch Philip J. , Kim Soo Kyung , Hazarika Subhashis , Mitra Peetak , Ramea Kalai
Published: February 2024

We study the sensitivity of South Asian Summer Monsoon (SASM)
precipitation to Southern Hemisphere (SH) subtropical Absorbed Solar
Radiation (ASR) changes using Community Earth System Model 2
simulations. Reducing positive ASR biases over the SH subtropics impacts
SASM, and is sensitive to the ocean basin where changes are imposed.
Radiation changes over the SH subtropical Indian Ocean (IO) shifts
rainfall over the equatorial IO northward causing 1-2 mm/day drying
south of equator, changes over the SH subtropical Pacific increases
precipitation over northern continental regions by 1-2 mm/day, and
changes over the SH subtropical Atlantic have little effect on SASM
precipitation. Radiation changes over the subtropical Pacific impacts
the SASM through zonal circulation changes, while changes over the IO
modify meridional circulation to bring about changes in precipitation
over northern IO. Our findings suggest that reducing SH subtropical
radiation biases in climate models may also reduce SASM precipitation
biases.
Interpreting the seasonality of atmospheric methane
Authors: East James D. , Jacob Daniel J. , Balasus Nicholas , Bloom A. Anthony , Bruhwiler Lori P. , Chen Zichong , Kaplan Jed O. , Mickley Loretta J , Mooring Todd A. , Penn Elise , Poulter Benjamin , Sulprizio Melissa Payer , Yantosca Robert M. , Worden John R. , Zhang Zhen
Published: February 2024

Surface and satellite observations of atmospheric methane show smooth
seasonal behavior in the Southern Hemisphere driven by loss from the
hydroxyl (OH) radical. However, observations in the Northern Hemisphere
show a sharp mid-summer increase that is asymmetric with the Southern
Hemisphere and not captured by the default configuration of the
GEOS-Chem chemical transport model. Using an ensemble of 22 OH model
estimates and 24 wetland emission inventories in GEOS-Chem, we show that
the magnitude, latitudinal distribution, and seasonality of Northern
Hemisphere wetland emissions are critical for reproducing the observed
seasonality of methane in that hemisphere, with the interhemispheric OH
ratio playing a lesser role. Reproducing the observed seasonality
requires a wetland emission inventory with ~80 Tg a-1
poleward of 10°N including significant emissions in South Asia, and an
August peak in boreal emissions persisting into autumn. In our 24-member
wetland emission ensemble, only the LPJ-wsl MERRA-2 inventory has these
attributes.
Accelerating Seafloor Uplift of Submarine Caldera near Sofugan Volcano, Japan, Resolved by Distant Tsunami Recordings
Authors: Kubota Tatsuya , Sandanbata Osamu , Saito Tatsuhiko , Matsuzawa Takanori
Published: February 2024

On 8 October 2023 UTC, significant tsunamis were observed around Japan
without any major tsunamigenic earthquake, associated with a series of
14 successive minor earthquakes (mb = 4.5–5.4) near Sofugan in the
Izu-Bonin islands. To examine the cause of this tsunami, we estimated
the horizontal locations of the tsunami source and temporal history of
the seafloor displacement, using the tsunami data recorded by the
ocean-bottom pressure gauges > ~600 km
away. Our results showed the main tsunami source was an uplift located
at a caldera-like bathymetric feature near Sofugan, suggesting the
involvement of caldera activity in the tsunami generation. The total
seafloor uplift was larger than ~3 m, and the uplift
amount of each event gradually increased over time, reflecting an
accelerating occurrence of multiple sudden caldera uplifts within only a
few hours.
Characterizing Precipitation Behaviors of H− in the Martian Atmosphere
Authors: Henderson Sarah A , Halekas Jasper S. , Jolitz Rebecca , Mitchell David , Mazelle Christian Xavier , Eparvier Francis G. , Elrod Meredith K
Published: February 2024

Solar wind protons can charge exchange with the extensive hydrogen
corona of Mars, resulting in a significant flux of energetic neutral
atoms (ENAs). As these solar wind hydrogen ENAs precipitate into the
upper atmosphere, they can experience electron attachment or detachment,
resulting in populations of H− and H+, respectively, with upstream
velocity. We seek to characterize the behavior of H− in the ionosphere
of Mars through a combination of in situ data analysis and mathematical
models. Observations indicate that measurable H− precipitation in the
ionosphere of Mars is rare, occurring during only 1.8% of available
observations. These events occur primarily during high energy solar wind
conditions near perihelion. We also compare H− fluxes to those of H+ and
find that H− fluxes are ∼4.5 times less than H+, indicating preferential
conversion of hydrogen ENAs to H+. We develop a simple model describing
the evolution of the charged and neutral fraction of ENAs and H− ions
versus altitude. We find that 0.29 - 0.78% of ENAs are converted to H−
for solar wind energies 1 - 3 keV. We also predict that the effects of
photodetachment on the H-H− system are non-negligible.
Mójese antes de usar
Authors: Pachón García Carlos Enrique
Published: February 2024

Mójese antes de usar es una novela póstuma del poeta y amigo Carlos Pachón. Narra las andanzas y ocurrencias de un joven escritor en la ciudad de Villavicencio en los años 80 y 90. Con un lenguaje urbano e informal, pero lleno de imágenes poéticas y literarias, Pachón revela otra cara del territorio llanero más allá del paisaje, y pone en el centro del panorama a un ser humano escritor que busca sobrevivir al tedio de su cotidianidad por medio de sus letras.
Measuring the Contribution of International Remittances to Household Expenditures and Economic Output: A Micro–Macro Analysis for the Philippines
Authors: Kikkawa Aiko , Gaspar Raymond , Kim Kijin , Mariasingham Mahinthan J. , Zamora Christian Marvin
Published: February 2024

This study assesses the simultaneous contribution of international remittance income reported by recipient households to the overall economy of the Philippines by integrating micro data and macro simulation based on an input–output framework. It finds that remittance-driven household expenditures and investments contributed 3.5% of the country’s total output, 3.4% of the gross domestic product, and 3.7% of the total employment in 2018. Industries that received the bulk of remittances in the form of final consumption are manufacturing, agriculture, and wholesale and retail trade.
Mottainai in civil engineering – A message from Japan
Authors: Vaverkova Magdalena , Matsui Yasuhiro , Vaverka Igor
Published: February 2024

This article examines the impact of Japan’s mottainai concept on civil engineering practices, focusing on the waste of materials, financial resources, and harmonisation of structures with the environment. The authors highlight the global challenges of environmental and social imbalances in the context of global warming. The Japanese concept of mottainai is presented as the key to shaping the civil engineering approach. The inefficient use of raw materials was analysed in terms of material waste. A transition to a closed-loop economy is recommended, emphasising the need for resource efficiency. In the context of financial resources, the need for efficient budget allocation and project management is emphasised. The section on harmonising structures with the environment focuses on aesthetics, environment, sustainable mobility, and an integrated approach to urban planning. Civil engineering projects should combine functional efficiency with respect to the environment, and the mottainai concept can be a tool for achieving sustainability in civil engineering. Innovative solutions, such as intelligent energy management systems, are recommended to improve construction efficiency.
Advanced materials application in biotechnologies and biomedicine
Authors: Antic Zeljka , Maricic Milica
Published: February 2024

Materials matter: any breakthrough that changes society owes its success to
the molecular building blocks used to create it. Advanced materials are
essential to economic security and human well-being, with applications in
industries aimed at addressing challenges in clean energy, national
security, and human welfare. Therefore, speeding up the pace of development
and implementation of advanced material systems is critical for achieving
global competetiveness in the 21st century. In recent decades, significant
progress has been evident in the processing and properties of materials
intended for use in various biotechnologies, biomedi-cine, and dentistry.
This volume specifically introduces new materials based on natural and
synthetic substances with improved properties relevant to applications in
biomedicine and biotechnologies.
Preserving the Danube Limes in Serbia: A review of the biodeterioration of Trajan’s Bridge
Authors: Unkovic Nikola , Nikolic Emilija , Ljaljevic-Grbic Milica , Jovicic Mladen
Published: February 2024

One of the most significant monuments of the Roman Danube Limes is Trajan?s
Bridge, built in the period from 103 to 105 AD. The remains of the pillars
on the Serbian bank of the Danube were partially restored four decades ago.
Today, the pillar that is closest to the river, which has not undergone
conservation, is subject to different types of deterioration. During the
comparison between the present condition of the pillar and those recorded in
photos over the last six decades, we can estimate that its level of material
loss has not overly changed. However, the difference in biological growth is
visible. The primary aim of this study was to record the degree of
infestation and endangerment of the monument and check for possible risks of
mortar deterioration where mortar is in direct contact with severely
infested bricks. Moreover, a characterisation of the biodeteriogens was
performed. Special emphasis was given to fungi as the main agents of
deterioration. A precise assessment of the level of risk they pose to this
monument was made as a basis for the formulation and implementation of
appropriate conservation treatments. Severe macrofouling by epilithic
lichenised fungi and mosses was documented. Even areas where pillars lack
visible infestation, thriving microbial communities characterized by the
presence of various fungal structures, as well as structures of trichal
Cyanobacteria, and Chlorophyta were recorded. Similarities between
communities documented on brick, mortar, and stone surfaces, estimated via
S?rensen?s quotient of similarity, were high, with the highest similarity
documented between mortar and stone.
The Menstrual Cycle
Authors: Haider Rehan
Published: February 2024

This study examines menstrual cycle characteristics and associated symptoms in 200 females aged 18 to 45 with regular menstrual cycles. Using a dedicated app, participants meticulously recorded menstrual syndromes over three months. Results show a mean cycle length of 28.5 days (SD = 2.3) and an average cessation duration of 5.2 days (SD = 1.1). Common symptoms include cramps (85%, severity = 6.2), mood swings (70%, severity = 5.8), and bloating (60%, severity = 4.5). Correlation analysis indicates a positive association between cycle length and cramp severity (r = 0.42, p < 0.01). However, no significant correlations are found between cycle length and mood swing (r = 0.12, p > 0.05) or bloating severity (r = 0.18, p > 0.05). This study provides nuanced insights into menstrual cycle variability, emphasizing the necessity of individualized symptom assessments for comprehensive reproductive health. The findings highlight the complexity of symptom manifestation and suggest that factors beyond cycle duration influence mood swing and bloating severity. This research lays the groundwork for future investigations into the multifaceted dynamics of menstrual health.