bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Itaconate: A Metabolite Regulates Inflammation Response and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Li Ruidong , Zhang Peng , Wang Yaxin , Tao Kaixong
Published: July 2020

Metabolic products can lead to crucial biological function alterations. Itaconate is probably the best example of how a metabolic process can be diverted to generate an immunomodulator effect in macrophages. Through inflammatory stimuli, such as lipopolysaccharide, the immune response gene 1 is activated and promotes the production of itaconate from the tricarboxylic acid cycle by decarboxylating cis-aconitate. Itaconate has been reported to have multiple immunoregulatory and antioxidative effects. In addition, reports have described its antibacterial and protumor effects. The involved mechanism in these effects includes the activation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 by alkylation of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, inhibition of aerobic glycolysis by targeting glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A, inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase, and blockade of IκBζ translation. All of these discoveries elucidated the transformation of the pro- into anti-inflammatory status in macrophages, which is crucial in innate immunity and set the ground for the emerging therapeutic implications of itaconate. In this review, we point out that itaconate is a novel and pivotal metabolic determinant of the immunoregulatory response in macrophages and highlight studies that have improved our understanding of the connection between the immune response and metabolism. In addition, we shed light on the therapeutic potential of itaconate and its derivatives to treat inflammatory diseases.
Resource Misallocation Threshold for High-Tech Industrial Specialization on Technological Innovation Performance for Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Authors: Liang Lei , Fan Zhiyong
Published: July 2020

This paper examines the threshold effect of resource misallocation between specialization and technological innovation performance in the high-tech industry in China. Contrary to the existing literature, this paper applies the static panel threshold model to evaluate the threshold effect of industrial specialization on the innovation performance, including the single threshold effect and double threshold effect. The empirical results shed new light on the topic and signified that high-tech industry specialization has a nonlinear effect on innovation performance and the resource misallocation threshold. This paper unveils a novel, double threshold effect of resource misallocation between industrial specialization and innovation performance. Moreover, the twenty-eight regions in China are divided into three types according to a resource misallocation, which unfold the current situation of the resource misallocation in pharmaceutical manufacturing—providing directional guidance for structural reforms of the supply side of pharmaceutical manufacturing in various regions.
Public Knowledge and Attitude towards Epilepsy and Its Associated Factors: Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study, Ethiopia, 2019
Authors: Wubetu Abate Dargie , Admasu Basha Elyas , Alemnew Engidaw Nigus
Published: July 2020

Background. Epilepsy is a disease of the brain defined by any of the following conditions. First, at least two unprovoked (or reflex) seizures occurring greater than 24 hours apart, and secondly, the presence of one unprovoked (or reflex) seizure and a probability of further seizures. Due to persisted misunderstandings and negative attitudes, individuals living with epilepsy live with a poor quality of life. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the community general knowledge about epilepsy and attitude towards person living with epilepsy and its associated factors. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study conducted from March 10 to June 10, 2019, to assess the community general knowledge and attitude towards epilepsy and its associated factors. Data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and transported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Results. 596 study participants participated in a response rate of 98%. Among the study participants, 43.6% (95% CI: 39.6, 47.5) had poor knowledge and 41.3% (95% CI: 37.4, 45.1) had an unfavorable attitude. Lack of modern education, married, never witnessed a seizure, and not hearing the term epilepsy showed statistically significant association with poor knowledge about epilepsy. Lack of modern education, earning less than 1000 Ethiopian birr, not witnessing seizure, not hearing the term epilepsy, and half to one-hour walking time from health facility variables showed statistically significant association with the unfavorable attitude about epilepsy. Conclusions. The current study revealed that nearly half of Debre Berhan dwellers have deficits in terms of general knowledge about epilepsy and attitude towards a person living with epilepsy. Poor knowledge about epilepsy and unfavorable attitude towards a person living with epilepsy are likely to have an important impact on stigmatization and treatment-seeking behavior, and it should be given due attention. It would be better if health educators give special emphasis for the individuals with predictors of poor knowledge and unfavorable attitude.
A Novel Molecular Mechanism of IKKε-Mediated Akt/mTOR Inhibition in the Cardiomyocyte Autophagy after Myocardial Infarction
Authors: He Shuai , Shen Jian , Li Liangpeng , Xu Yueyue , Cao Yide , Yin Li , Tao Zhonghao , Qiu Zhibing , Chen Wen , Chen Xin
Published: July 2020

Autophagy of cardiomyocytes after myocardial infarction (MI) is an important factor affecting the prognosis of MI. Excessive autophagy can lead to massive death of cardiomyocytes, which will seriously affect cardiac function. IKKε plays a crucial role in the occurrence of autophagy, but the functional role in MI remains largely unknown. To evaluate the impact of IKKε on the autophagy of cardiomyocytes after MI, MI was induced by surgical left anterior descending coronary artery ligation in IKKε knockout (KO) mice and wild-type (WT) mice. Starvation of H9c2 cells with IKKε siRNA and rescued with IKKε overexpressed afterwards to test the mechanism of IKKε in autophagy in vitro. Our results demonstrated that the expression of IKKε was upregulated in mice myocardial tissues which were consistent with cardiomyocyte autophagy after MI. Significantly, the IKKε KO mice showed increased infarct size, decreased viable cardiomyocytes, and exacerbated cardiac dysfunction when compared with the wild-type mice. Western blot and electron micrography analysis also revealed that loss of IKKε induces excessive cardiomyocyte autophagy and reduced the expression of p-Akt and p-mTOR. Similar results were observed in IKKε siRNA H9c2 cells in vitro which were under starvation injury. Notably, the levels of p-Akt and p-mTOR can restore in IKKε rescued cells. In conclusion, our results indicated that IKKε protects cardiomyocyte survival by reduced autophagy following MI via regulation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Thus, our study suggests that IKKε might represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of MI.
An Improved Full-Aperture ScanSAR Imaging Method Integrating the MIAA Based Aperture Interpolation
Authors: Ning Jiaqi , Liu Dacheng , Liu Kaiyu , Zhang Heng , Wang Yingjie
Published: July 2020

In the scanning synthetic aperture radar (ScanSAR) mode, the radar antenna sweeps through different range subswaths to image a wide swath. The full-aperture imaging algorithm for ScanSAR data has been widely used because it can be realized by exploiting the existing standard high-precision Stripmap SAR processor and does not require stitch processing in the azimuth. However, both the focused image and the interferogram achieved by full-aperture processing suffer from spikes. The spikes adversely affect the ScanSAR-related applications, such as target detection and interferometry. To effectively suppress the spikes, an improved algorithm based on the missing-data iterative adaptive approach (MIAA) is proposed in this manuscript. Besides, the proposed method can also improve the azimuth resolution of ScanSAR images. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that this algorithm has better performance when processing ScanSAR data compared with existing methods.
Dynamic Capabilities and Business Model Innovation of Platform Enterprise: A Case Study of DiDi Taxi
Authors: Lin Ping , Zhang Xiaosan , Yan Shuming , Jiang Qingquan
Published: July 2020

Internet has revolutionized business model and given birth to sharing economy. A large number of platform enterprises are growing rapidly but with sustainability problems. Platform enterprises have to continue innovating business models in order to obtain sustainable competitive advantages. In complex and varying environment, dynamic capabilities help enterprises overcome core rigidity and promote business model innovation. This article analyzes the elements of business model innovation of platform enterprises and also the relationship between dynamic capabilities and business model innovation. It concludes that the elements of business model innovation are value proposition, product, partnership, and profit model innovation. Dynamic capabilities promote business model innovation which has different guiding effects on the cultivation of dynamic capabilities. An exploratory case study was conducted, using DiDi taxi as an example, and verified the theory model.
Isolation and Identification of Some Probiotic Bacteria and Their Potential Role in Improving Immune Response and Resistance of Nile Tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus) in Comparison with a Commercial Product
Authors: Abomughaid Mosleh M.
Published: July 2020

This work aimed to retrieve a field isolate of probiotic from Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus) and compare the obtained results with a commercial probiotic product through experimental studies. The study was conducted on 250 Nile tilapia. Ten fish were used to isolate the probiotic strain. Two isolates showed an in vitro inhibitory effect against pathogenicA. hydrophila. The isolate with the largest zone was identified by PCR. Sixty fish were used to test the safety of a potential probiotic. One hundred and eighty fish were used in a two-month feeding experiment. Fish were divided into 3 groups, group (1): the control, group (2): fed on potential probiotics, and group (3): fed on commercial probiotic (Organic Green™). The effects of tested products on the immune response were recorded in all groups. After one and two months of feeding experiment, blood and nonspecific immune parameters were evaluated. Disease resistance againstAeromonas hydrophilawas evaluated through challenge experiment. The histopathology of the treated groups was fully recorded in comparison with the control group. The potential probiotic based on the in vitro antimicrobial activity test was identified asP. putidausing routine and gel electrophoresis and 16S rRNA sequencing. During the first and the second month of experiment, there was a highly significant increase in the survival percent of the experimental fish in both treated groups with probiotics. In the first phase of the experiment, a significant increase in the haematocrit values and NBT, lysozyme activity, and phagocytic activity was seen in all treated groups in comparison with the control. The increase in the TLC was significant in the group fed withP. putidain comparison with the control group. In the second phase, a nonsignificant increase in the hematocrit values and significant increases in the NBT and phagocytic index were seen inP. putidaand organic green groups in comparison with the control group. The TLC and DLC revealed nonsignificant changes in the treated groups in comparison with the control. The RLP in the groups treated withP. putidawas higher than that in those treated with organic green. Although probiotics are an important management tool in aquaculture, it should be subjected to scientific laboratory tests and field measurements.
Effects of the Insulted Neuronal Cells-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on the Survival of Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells following Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Huang Yan , Liu Zuo , Tan Fengbo , Hu Zhiping , Lu Ming
Published: July 2020

Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) engraftment is a potential therapy for cerebral ischemic stroke. However, the harsh microenvironment induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion restricts the survival rate and therapeutic efficiency of the engrafted UC-MSCs. In this study, we explored whether small extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from injured neuronal cells following exposure to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion insult affect the survival of transplanted UC-MSCs. To establish a simulation of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion microenvironment comprising engrafted UC-MSCs and neuronal cells, we cocultured EVs derived from injured N2A cells, caused by exposure to oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) insult, with UC-MSCs in a conditioned medium. Coculture of UC-MSCs with EVs exacerbated the OGD/R-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress. Suppression of EVs-release via knock-down of Rab27a effectively protected the UC-MSCs from OGD/R-induced insult. Moreover, hypoxia preconditioning not only elevated the survival of UC-MSCs but also improved the paracrine mechanism of injured N2A cells. Altogether, these results show that EVs from injured N2A cells exacerbates OGD/R-induced injury on transplanted UC-MSCs in vitro. Hypoxia preconditioning enhances the survival of the engrafted-UC-MSCs; hence, thus could be an effective approach for improving UC-MSCs therapy in ischemic stroke.
Technique Failure in Peritoneal Dialysis: Etiologies and Risk Assessment
Authors: Da Luz Lucas G. , Ankawi Ghada , Digvijay Kumar , Rosner Mitchell H. , Ronco Claudio
Published: July 2020

Technique failure (TF) is a well-recognized challenge encountered in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). Identification of patients at risk for this complication is of utmost importance. Early detection of patients at risk and development of preventative strategies can improve technique survival that may lead to an increased utilization of PD. It will also promote a safe and planned transfer to hemodialysis once a patient identified with TF. The aim of this review is to summarize risk factors and scenarios associated with TF focusing on prevention of remediable factors at their earliest stage. Furthermore, integration of this knowledge into quality improvement initiatives should be entertained in an effort to improve outcomes.
State of the Art in Stratum Corneum Research. Part II: Hypothetical Stratum Corneum Lipid Matrix Models
Authors: Schmitt Thomas , Neubert Reinhard H.H.
Published: July 2020

This review is the second part of a series which presents the state of the art in stratum corneum (SC) lipid matrix (LM) research in depth. In this part, the various hypothetical models which were developed to describe the structure and function of the SC LM as the skin’s barrier will be discussed. New as well as a cumulative assortment of older results which change the view on the different models are considered to conclude how well the different models are holding up today. As a final conclusion, a model, factoring in as much of the known data as possible, is concluded, unifying the varying different models into one which can be developed further, as new results are found in the future. So far, the model is described with a single crystalline or gel-like phase with a certain amount of nanocrystallites of concentrated ceramides (CERs) and free fatty acids and more fluid nanodomains caused by a fluidizing effect of the cholesterol. These domains are dynamically resolved and reformed and do not impair the barrier function. The chain conformation is not completely clear yet; however, an equilibrium of fully extended and hairpin-folded CERs with ratios depending on the properties of each individual CER species is proposed as most likely. An overlapping middle layer as described for the tri-layer model in part I of this series would be present for both conformations. The macroscopic broad-narrow-broad layering, observed in electron micrographs, is explained by an external templating by the lipid envelope, and an internal templating by short and long lipid chains each preferentially show a homophilic association, forming thicker and thinner bilayers, respectively. The degree of influence of the very long ω-hydroxy-CERs is discussed as well.
Experiencias escolares de jóvenes retornados de EUA a secundarias fronterizas de México
Authors: Bustamante De la Cruz Porfiria del Rosario
Published: July 2020

En este artículo se explora una serie de experiencias escolares que viven las y los jóvenes de secundaria que, después de haber estado por un tiempo significativo en escuelas estadounidenses, han retor-nado y ahora cursan estudios en instituciones mexicanas. La metodología utilizada fue cualitativa; se empleó un cuestionario socio demográfico y se tomó como punto de partida la etnografía escolar. La población estuvo conformada por veinte estudiantes retornados de cinco secundarias públicas de Mexicali, Baja California, a quienes se les aplicó el cuestionario. Asimismo, se realizaron nueve entrevistas en profundidad. Los principales resultados obtenidos señalan la clasificación de las experiencias escolares identificadas por los propios estudiantes retornados, divididas en infraestructura de la escuela, discontinuidad del sistema educativo y cultura escolar.
Effectiveness of Stroke Early Supported Discharge
Authors: Fisher Rebecca J. , Byrne Adrian , Chouliara Niki , Lewis Sarah , Paley Lizz , Hoffman Alex , Rudd Anthony , Robinson Thompson , Langhorne Peter , Walker Marion F.
Published: July 2020

Background:

Implementation of stroke early supported discharge (ESD) services has been recommended in many countries’ clinical guidelines, based on clinical trial evidence. This is the first observational study to investigate the effectiveness of ESD service models operating in real-world conditions, at scale.

Methods and Results:

Using historical prospective data from the United Kingdom Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme (January 1, 2016–December 31, 2016), measures of ESD effectiveness were “days to ESD” (number of days from hospital discharge to first ESD contact; n=6222), “rehabilitation intensity” (total number of treatment days/total days with ESD; n=5891), and stroke survivor outcome (modified Rankin scale at ESD discharge; n=6222). ESD service models (derived from Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme postacute organizational audit data) were categorized with a 17-item score, reflecting adoption of ESD consensus core components (evidence-based criteria). Multilevel modeling analysis was undertaken as patients were clustered within ESD teams across the Midlands, East, and North of England (n=31). A variety of ESD service models had been adopted, as reflected by variability in the ESD consensus score. Controlling for patient characteristics and Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme hospital score, a 1-unit increase in ESD consensus score was significantly associated with a more responsive ESD service (reduced odds of patient being seen after ≥1 day of 29% [95% CI, 1%–49%] and increased treatment intensity by 2% [95% CI, 0.3%–4%]). There was no association with stroke survivor outcome measured by the modified Rankin Scale.

Conclusions:

This study has shown that adopting defined core components of ESD is associated with providing a more responsive and intensive ESD service. This shows that adherence to evidence-based criteria is likely to result in a more effective ESD service as defined by process measures.

Registration:

URL:
http://www.isrctn.com/
; Unique identifier: ISRCTN15568163.
Persistent Renin‐Angiotensin System Sensitization Months After Body Weight Recovery From Severe Food Restriction in Female Fischer Rats
Authors: de Souza Aline M. A. , Ji Hong , Wu Xie , Sandberg Kathryn , West Crystal A.
Published: July 2020

Background

Prior exposure to periods of severe food restriction (sFR) is associated with increased risk of developing hypertension and cardiovascular disease later in life.

Methods and Results

To investigate the mechanism of these long‐term adverse effects of sFR, 4‐month‐old female Fischer rats were divided in 2 groups and maintained on a normal diet ad libitum (control) or on an sFR diet with 60% reduction in daily food intake for 2 weeks that resulted in a 15% reduction in body weight. After the 2‐week sFR period ended, both groups received normal chow ad libitum for 3 months. Within 2 weeks after refeeding was initiated in the sFR group, body weight was restored to control levels; however, plasma angiotensinogen (1.3‐fold;
P
<0.05), Ang‐[1‐8] (2.0‐fold;
P
<0.05), and angiotensin‐converting enzyme activity (1.1‐fold;
P
<0.01) were all elevated 3 months after refeeding. Angiotensin type 1 receptor activity was also increased as evidenced by augmented pressor responses to angiotensin‐[1‐8] (
P
<0.01) and depressor responses to the angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonist, losartan (
P
<0.01) in the sFR group.

Conclusions

These results indicate that sensitization of the renin‐angiotensin system persisted months after the sFR period ended. These findings may have implications for women who voluntarily or involuntarily experience an extended period of sFR and thus may be at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease through sensitization of the renin‐angiotensin system even though their body weight, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate appear normal.
“Frank Knox’s Fifth Column in Hawai’i: The U.S. Navy, the Japanese, and the Pearl Harbor Attack”
Authors: Hayashi Brian Masaru
Published: July 2020

Secretary of Navy Frank Knox declared a week after Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor that fifth columnist activities were partly responsible for the success of Imperial Japanese forces. Who and what he meant when he used the phrase “fifth columnist activities” is subject to debate. Most assume he was referring to all Japanese Americans or Japanese nationals residing in Hawai’i. But this essay, based on Knox’s personal correspondence, supplemented with the Pearl Harbor Attack hearings’ published reports, Judge Advocate General records, and the 14th Naval District Intelligence Officer reports, finds that Knox was referring to the Japanese Consul-General Office and a small handful of Japanese American assistants who voluntarily carried out the task of keeping the U.S. Fleet and military installations under surveillance, thereby contributing to the success of the Imperial Japanese attack.
New species of pinnotherid crabs from Southeast Asia and Papua New Guinea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura)
Authors: AHYONG SHANE T. , NG PETER K.L.
Published: July 2020

Three new Indo-West Pacific species of pinnotherid crabs are described, one each of Arcotheres, Buergeres and Nepinnotheres. Arcotheres pollus, described from Paway Island, Mergui Archipelago, is most similar to A. boninensis (Stimpson, 1858), A. pernicola (Bürger, 1895) and A. purpureus (Alcock, 1900), sharing a transversely ovate carapace and long, slender, almost styliform dactyli of P4 and 5 that are about twice the length of those of P2 and 3. Buergeres choprai, described from Papua New Guinea, is most similar to B. deccanesis (Chopra, 1931) from eastern India but differentiated by segment proportions and setation of the walking legs. Buergeres tenuipes (Bürger, 1895) is synonymised with B. ortmanni (Bürger, 1895), which is also reported for the first time from Indonesia. A male of an undetermined species of Buergeres from the Philippines, possibly B. ortmanni, is figured and described, documenting the gonopod morphology in Buergeres for the first time. A key to the species of Buergeres based on females is provided. Nepinnotheres fulvia sp. nov. is also described from Papua New Guinea, and resembles N. cardii (Bürger, 1895) from the Philippines and Malaysia but can be distinguished by features of the chelipeds and maxilliped 3.
A new genus and species of Neotropical gregarious braconine parasitoid (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of a caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)
Authors: QUICKE DONALD L.J. , SHARKEY MICHAEL J. , JANZEN DANIEL , HALLWACHS WINNIE , HEBERT PAUL D.N. , BUTCHER BUNTIKA A.
Published: July 2020

A new genus of braconine parasitoid wasp, Acgorium Sharkey & Quicke gen. nov., based on a new species from Costa Rica, Acgorium felipechavarriai Sharkey sp. nov., is described and illustrated, based on specimens reared from wild-caught hesperiid caterpillars of Dyscophellus phraxanor (Hewitson). Acgorium felipechavarriai is the first known braconine gregarious ectoparasitoid of a butterfly caterpillar.
New species of Pararhagadochir Davis, 1940 (Insecta: Embioptera: Scelembiidae) from Brazil
Authors: SALVATIERRA LIDIANNE
Published: July 2020

A new species of Pararhagadochir Davis, 1940 is described from the State of Tocantins, Brazil. Pararhagadochir castaneus sp. nov. differs from its congeners by relatively smaller size, elongated forewings, body uniformly chestnut-brown, submentum inflexed and strongly sclerotized, outer tip of 10Lp with both sclerotized and membranous areas and Cu vein unforked. An identification key to all species of Pararhagadochir and a short identification key to the Brazilian species are provided.
Tropical Pacific Surface Wind Energy Spectra and Coherence: Basinwide Observations and Their Observing System Implications
Authors: Chiodi Andrew M. , Harrison D. E.
Published: July 2020

The tropical Pacific moored-buoy array spacing was based on wind coherence scales observed from low-lying islands in the western-central tropical Pacific. Since the array was deployed across the full basin in the mid-1990s, winds from the array have proven critical to accurately monitoring for decadal-scale changes in tropical Pacific winds and identifying spurious trends in wind analysis products used to monitor for long-term change. The array observations have also greatly advanced our ability to diagnostically model (hindcast) and thereby better understand the observed development of central Pacific sea surface temperature anomaly development associated with El Niño and La Niña events, although the eastern equatorial Pacific is not yet accurately hindcast. The original array-design assumptions that the statistics calculated from the western-central Pacific island records are representative of open-ocean conditions and other regions of the tropical Pacific have not been thoroughly reexamined. We revisit these assumptions using the basinwide wind observations provided by the array and find that key wind statistics change across the tropical Pacific basin in ways that could not be determined from the original island wind study. The island results provided a best-case answer for mooring zonal spacing with minimally redundant coherence between adjacent buoys. Buoy-observed meridional coherence scales are longer than determined from the islands. Enhanced zonal sampling east of 140°W and west of 180° is needed to obtain minimal redundancy (optimal spacing). Reduced meridional sampling could still yield minimal redundancy for wind and wind stress fields over the ocean waveguide.
Relationship Between Acute Physical Fatigue and Cognitive Function During Orthostatic Challenge in Men and Women: A Neuroergonomics Investigation
Authors: Mehta Ranjana K. , Nuamah Joseph
Published: July 2020

Background

Postflight orthostatic challenge (OC), resulting from blood pooling in lower extremities, is a major health concern among astronauts that fly long-duration missions. Additionally, astronauts undergo physical demanding tasks resulting in acute fatigue, which can affect performance. However, the effects of concurrent OC and acute physical fatigue on performance have not been adequately investigated.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between acute physical fatigue and cognitive function during OC.

Methods

Sixteen healthy participants performed the mental arithmetic task and psychomotor tracking tasks in the absence and presence of a prior 1-hour physically fatiguing exercise, on separate days under OC (induced via lower body negative pressure). We recorded task performances on the cognitive tests and prefrontal cortex oxygenation using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, along with physiological and subjective responses.

Results

The introduction of the cognitive tasks during OC increased cerebral oxygenation; however, oxygenation decreased significantly with the cognitive tasks under the acute fatigue conditions, particularly during the tracking task and in males. These differences were accompanied by comparable task performances.

Discussion

The findings suggest that mental arithmetic is a more effective countermeasure than psychomotor tracking under acute physical fatigue during OC. Whereas females did not show a significant difference in cerebral oxygenation due to task, males did, suggesting that it may be important to consider gender differences when developing countermeasures against OC.
Diaphragmatic hernia: a rare complication of hepatic ablation
Authors: Macmillan Mark T , Lim Shueh Hao , Ireland Hamish M
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Ablation has become an effective treatment for small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). Whilst ablation is a safe and effective technique, diaphragmatic injury is a rarely associated but significant complication. Case presentation: We present a case of a 67 year old patient who developed a diaphragmatic defect following microwave ablation (MWA) for HCC. The diaphragmatic defect progressed to herniation which was complicated by perforation of intrahernial large bowel. The patient was treated by emergency laparotomy and an extended right hemi-colectomy was performed.

Conclusion

Our report adds to the current available knowledge on diaphragmatic injury following hepatic ablation and demonstrates the potential for life threatening consequences associated with this complication.
Theoretical study of the effects of the shape of the spinning triangle
Authors: Shao Ruiqi , Cheng Longdi , Xue Wenliang , Yu Yanping , Pan Ning
Published: July 2020

The spinning triangle is an important area in the spinning process, and the shape of the spinning triangle influences the yarn qualities. This paper aims to theoretically study the effects of the spinning parameters on the shape of the spinning triangle. In this paper, a model of the spinning triangle considering force equilibrium and torque equilibrium was built. The initial strain of fibers in the spinning triangle was determined by the profile of the spinning triangle. The initial height of the spinning triangle was obtained by the width of the spinning triangle and the twist angle. Based on the initial condition and boundary condition in the model, the displacements of the twisting point were obtained. With the displacements of the twisting point, the height of the spinning triangle and the deviation angle of the center fiber in the final spinning triangle, which represent the shape of the spinning triangle, were calculated. In the analysis, the spinning tension, yarn twist, and yarn radius were chosen as the independent parameters to analyze the geometric change of the spinning triangle.
“The Silence of the Dead”: Remembering Suicide Victims and Reimagining the Communion of Saints
Authors: Antus Elizabeth L.
Published: July 2020

Though the Catholic Church has become more mindful of the role that mental illness, especially depression, often plays in suicide, this greater awareness needs development so that Catholic theology can de-stigmatize suicidal people without normalizing suicide. To this end, the article draws upon recent psychological work on suicide to highlight the deep suffering of suicidal people and to indicate that they are, generally, victims of severe mental illness. Furthermore, attention is drawn to a group who is especially stigmatized: those who have already died by suicide. In response, Johann Baptist Metz’s emphasis on anamnestic solidarity with the dead provides an important corrective to this forgetting. Lastly, this revised understanding of suicide decedents helps Catholics develop the doctrine of the communion of saints for today.
Effects of Simulation Video on Parental Recall of Seizure First Aid: A Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Xiang Xinran Maria , Miller Daniella
Published: July 2020

Many parents of children do not recall anticipatory guidance on acute seizure management, which can lead to unnecessary emergency department visits. This quality improvement project evaluated if adding a video simulation of seizure first aid improved parental recall. Parents of children with seizures were randomized to standard verbal counseling or video group, which were shown a video simulation of seizure first aid. All families also received a standardized written action plan. Eighty-three patients were randomized from July to October 2018. Overall, 53% of families who received standard counseling accurately recalled seizure first aid compared with 31% in video group (χ2 = 3.24, P = .07). Among families without baseline knowledge of seizure first aid, 43% in the standard counseling group recalled accurately compared with 16% of video group (χ2 = 4.52, P = .03). These results underscore the importance of face-to-face patient education despite the popularity of video-based media. Future Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles will include piloting a hands-on seizure first aid simulation with mannequins.
Career Adaptability: The Role of Developmental Leadership and Career Optimism
Authors: Delle Eric , Searle Ben
Published: July 2020

Researchers suggest contextual and personal factors may interact to predict career adaptability and that antecedents of career adaptability have received less research attention. Consequently, we examined the relationship between developmental leadership, career optimism, and career adaptability, and the potential moderating role of career optimism. Data were collected from workers pursuing an MBA program in leadership and other business courses in a Ghanaian University. Results showed that developmental leadership and career optimism relates positively to career adaptability. Finally, we observed developmental leadership relates positively to career adaptability for employees low on optimism but was unrelated to career adaptability for employees high on optimism. Together, the results suggest that although both developmental leadership and career optimism are beneficial for career adaptability, developmental leadership is particularly important, for less optimistic employees. We have discussed implications and limitations of our findings.
How did trans-Eurasian exchanges affect spatial-temporal variation in agricultural patterns during the late prehistoric period in the Yellow River valley (China)?
Authors: Yang Liu , Ma Minmin , Chen Tingting , Cui Yifu , Chen Panpan , Zheng Lichao , Lu Peng
Published: July 2020

The introduction of wheat into China between ~4500 and 4000 cal. a BP is thought to have restructured the ancient Chinese agricultural system and contributed to the formation and development of Chinese civilization. However, the spatial variation in agricultural development before and after the introduction of exotic crops across the Yellow River valley has not yet been discussed in detail. Here, we report new archaeobotanical data and radiocarbon dates from 25 sites in Sanmenxia, Henan Province, which was a hub for human migration in the middle reach of the Yellow River. Integrating our data with those of other archaeobotanical studies in northern China confirms that spatial cropping patterns in the Yellow River valley changed significantly around 4000 cal. a BP in the context of trans-Eurasia exchanges. From 7000 to 4000 cal. a BP, millet crops in the upper and middle Yellow River valley dominated the agricultural system, while mixed millet and rice agriculture developed in the lower Yellow River valley. In the subsequent period (4000–2200 cal. a BP), the cropping system in the upper Yellow River valley changed predominantly to barley and wheat agriculture, supplemented with millets. The contemporaneous cropping system in the middle and lower Yellow River valley, however, was dominated by millets, supplemented with wheat and rice. We argue that technological innovation and its dissemination in the context of trans-Eurasian cultural exchanges provided the basis for changes in the agricultural systems in northern China during the Bronze Age. Additionally, the trajectory of agricultural development was influenced by the natural environment and social change in different regions of the Yellow River valley.
Social change in developmental times? On ‘changeability’ and the uneven timings of child welfare interventions
Authors: Knezevic Zlatana
Published: July 2020

While temporality has been addressed in the context of child welfare, the temporal dimensions of differentiation and othering remain unacknowledged. This article draws on material from a Swedish child welfare agency and is theoretically inspired by postcolonial and queer theories and critical childhood studies. It is based on an analytical juxtaposition of care order applications recommending immediate child welfare interventions versus interventions that are recommended after long ongoing assessments. Such recommendations are addressed as unequal in terms of timing. The article discusses temporal themes related to permanency versus temporary, which guide assessments of changeability. I show how immediate interventions respond to chronicity—the temporality of incurability, permanency, and underdevelopment. However, social problems in long ongoing assessments are assessed as permanent only after long ongoing observations or passage of time. The article discusses how ideas about change reproduce wider societal and intersecting inequalities. This becomes visible when considering time as allocated to parents and their potential to bring about change. I argue that even though permanency differs from chronicity, it still limits a discussion about change as societal, and the detection of problems remains within a developmentalist and neoliberal framework. In the concluding remarks, I offer an alternative reading of allocated time that can manoeuvre developmentalist logics, while balancing responsibilisation between the individual and the society.
Interpositional Arthroplasty With Extensor Digitorum Brevis Tendon in Freiberg Disease
Authors: Çevik Nazan , Akalın Yavuz , Avci Özgür , Çınar Ali , Öztürk Alpaslan , Özkan Yüksel
Published: July 2020

Background:

No consensus has been reached in the treatment of Frieberg disease. Our aim was to evaluate medium- to long-term results of patients with advanced Freiberg disease managed with extensor digitorum brevis tendon interpositional arthroplasty.

Methods:

There were 24 patients (19 females, 5 males) managed with interpositional arthroplasty for advanced Freiberg disease between 2003 and 2015. The mean follow-up was 133.8 (range, 60-198) months. According to Smillie classification, there were 4 grade 3, 13 grade 4, and 7 grade 5 patients. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and at the final follow-up with the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score and metatarsophalangeal joint range of motion and postoperatively with visual analog scale (VAS) and subjective satisfaction evaluation. Joint space was evaluated on x-rays.

Results:

Mean AOFAS score increased (53.9 to 80.3, P = .001). Eight patients had excellent, 14 had good, and 2 had fair scores. A significant increase was found in dorsiflexion (38.1° [24°-52°] vs 55.3° [34°-65°]; P = .001) and plantarflexion (19.0° [10°-28°] vs 28.6° [19°-39°]; P = .001). Narrowing of the joint space was not seen in any patient, but expansion was determined in all patients (0.39 [0.35-0.47] vs 0.44 [0.41-0.47] cm; P = .002). Of the patients, 9 were very satisfied, 12 were satisfied, 2 were moderately satisfied, and 1 was dissatisfied. The mean postoperative VAS pain score was 1.7 ± 0.9 (0-4).

Conclusion:

After a minimum 5-year follow-up, most patients with Freiberg disease managed with interpositional arthroplasty using the extensor digitorum brevis tendon had excellent to good functional results with a widening of the joint space.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, retrospective case series.
Nudity of Male and Female Characters in Television Advertising Across 13 Countries
Authors: Matthes Jörg , Prieler Michael
Published: July 2020

There is a lack of comparative research on nudity in television advertising. Building on cross-cultural theory, we examined countries’ gender indices and preclearance policies as predictors of nudity. We also tested the influence of a main actors’ gender and age, as well as the role of product categories. We sampled N = 1,755 TV ads from 13 countries and found that the main characters’ nudity was higher for women compared with men, less likely with increasing age, and occurred more often for congruent than incongruent products. Multilevel analyses showed that nudity was independent of a country’s gender indices and preclearance policy.
Incidents of Sexual Assault Against Older Adults: A Comparison Study
Authors: Budd Kristen M. , Liddic Morgan A.
Published: July 2020

Sexual assault perpetrated against older adults remains understudied. This research examined sexual assault incidents perpetrated against older women and men (aged 60+) reported to law enforcement. It compared these sexual assault incidents with those committed against middle-age (aged 40–59) and younger (aged 18–39) women and men. National Incident-Based Reporting System data (1992–2015) were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression models. Findings showed incidents involving an older woman, relative to a middle-age and/or younger woman, were significantly more likely to involve stranger perpetrators, occur at a private location, and involve additional violent crime or property crime. Incidents involving an older man, relative to a middle-age and/or younger man, were significantly more likely to involve offenders of more than one sex, older offenders, stranger perpetrators, and additional violent crime or property crime. Results are discussed in relation to prior work and future directions.
The Gut Microbiome as a Component of the Gut–Brain Axis in Cognitive Health
Authors: Gao Wen , Baumgartel Kelley L. , Alexander Sheila A.
Published: July 2020

Introduction:

The human microbiome, the microorganisms living in and on the body, plays a vital role in brain physiology and pathophysiology. The gut microbiome (GMB) has been identified as a link in the gut–brain axis moderating cognitive development and health.

Objectives:

The objectives of this scoping review are to discuss mechanisms of the microbiome–gut–brain axis in cognition, review the existing literature on the GMB and cognition, and discuss implications for nursing research.

Methods:

We searched Pubmed using the terms “gut microbiome,” “brain,” and “cognition” and the terms “gut brain axis,” “microbiome,” and “cognition”; removed duplicates, studies not published in English, and unrelated publications; and added additional articles identified through references. We retained the 85 most relevant publications for this review.

Results:

Common themes in the current literature include GMB components; interactions on cognitive development; effects of GMB–gut–brain interactions on cognition, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease; effects of GMB interactions with physiologic stress on cognition in critical care; and GMB modification for improved cognition. Review of the literature on each of these topics reveals multiple theoretical mechanisms of action for GMB–gut–brain interaction that modify cognitive development and function across the lifespan.

Discussion:

GMB components and dysbiosis have been implicated in many cognitive states, and specific microbiota constituents contribute to cognitive development, stability, and impairment. The study of these interactions is relevant to nursing research as it addresses the holistic human experience and microbiome constituents are modifiable, facilitating translation into the clinical setting.
Optical coherence tomography angiography in myopic peripapillary intrachoroidal cavitation complicated by choroidal neovascularization
Authors: Comune Chiara , Montorio Daniela , Cennamo Gilda
Published: July 2020

Purpose:

To detect the vessel density (VD) of the radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) in eyes affected by pathological myopia with or without a peripapillary intrachoroidal cavitation (PICC) and in eyes with PICC complicated by choroidal neovascularization (CNV), using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods:

We prospectively enrolled highly myopic patients from January 2016 to December 2019 at the Eye Clinic of the University of Naples “Federico II.” We divided included patients into three groups: group 1 including patients with PICC complicated by CNV; group 2 including patients with PICC without complications; group 3 including patients with high myopia without PICC and CNV. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni post hoc analysis was used to evaluate differences in VD of radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) in papillary whole, peripapillary regions and its sectors among the three groups.

Results:

We enrolled 12 highly myopic eyes with PICC complicated by CNV, 21 highly myopic eyes with PICC without CNV and 23 highly myopic eyes without PICC. The myopic eyes with PICC revealed a statistically significant reduction in VD of the RPC comparing to the other groups ( p < 0.001), especially in eyes affected by myopic PICC complicated by CNV ( p < 0.001). These results were similar analyzing the VD in different sectors of the peripapillary region among the three groups ( p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

OCTA detects the changes in peripapillary vascular density of highly myopic eyes. We demonstrated that the RPC vasculature is significantly influenced by the presence of PICC, especially in myopic eyes developing a CNV.
ANZCA at 25: past presidents in conversation
Authors: Maras Steven
Published: July 2020

In 2019, the Australian and New Zealand Communication Association (ANZCA) celebrated its 25th anniversary. To commemorate this milestone, the organisers of the 2019 annual ANZCA conference in Canberra, Australia, convened a panel of past presidents involved in the transition of the Australian Communication Association (ACA), founded in 1980, into ANZCA. This article presents an edited transcript of that panel, with a pre-amble situating the panel in the context of current international research, with the dual purpose of marking an historical occasion, and also contributing to international research into the field.
Emotion regulation mediates relationships between perceived childhood invalidation, emotional reactivity, and emotional eating
Authors: Braden Abby , Anderson LaNaya , Redondo Rachel , Watford Tanya , Emley Elizabeth , Ferrell Emily
Published: July 2020

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is informed by the biosocial model which suggests that emotional sensitivity and childhood invalidation interact to influence emotion dysregulation, leading to behavioral disorders. Although adapted DBT interventions have resulted in improved emotional eating, little research has been conducted to examine whether key aspects of the biosocial model apply to emotional eating. Adults ( N = 258) were enrolled via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Three separate mediation analyses were performed using Hayes’ SPSS macro. Results showed that emotion regulation difficulties mediated the relationships between biosocial variables (i.e. perceived maternal and paternal invalidation and emotional reactivity) and emotional eating.