bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Skin Diseases and their Treatment Strategies in Sub-Saharan African
Regions
Authors: Anwar Esra Tariq , Gupta Nandan , Porwal Omji , Sharma Akanksha , Malviya Rishabha , Singh Amit , Fuloria Neeraj Kumar
Published: September 2021

Background:

In the rural areas of sub-Saharan African regions, skin diseases are so common.
Due to which the population of the sub-Saharan region suffers from different types of skin disorders.
In these regions, many treatment options are not available for the treatment of skin disease.

Aim:

The current study aims to discuss various skin diseases and their treatment strategies, specifically
in sub-Saharan African regions.

Method:

Extensive literature survey was carried out by using Scopus, Science Direct, Elsevier, Google
scholar and Bentham science databases.

Result and Discussion:

It was demonstrated from the literature surveys that different effective techniques
are used in the management of skin disease. In the result, it was shown that the condition of the
disease is at a dangerous level which must be controlled.

Conclusion:

It is concluded from the manuscript that the skin disorder in the sub-Saharan region is at a
very dangerous level. The research must be done to develop a better understanding of the disease and
its treatment.
Outcome After Acute Ischemic Stroke Treatment During Covid-19 Outbreak
in South-East Tuscany
Authors: Acampa Maurizio , Peresso Valentina , Lazzerini Pietro Enea , Domenichelli Carlo , Guideri Francesca , Tassi Rossana , Dami Stefano , Marconi Roberto , Iannelli Giovanni , Linoli Giovanni , Peppoloni Giulia , Nocentini Simone , Gallerini Simone , Cartocci Alessandra , Bracco Sandra , Martini Giuseppe
Published: September 2021

Background:

During Covid-19 pandemic, the Italian National Healthcare Service has
faced increasing pressure, especially in Northern Italy. Even in less-affected regions, such as Tuscany,
the changes in the healthcare system to prevent Covid-19 spread resulted in difficulty in treating
time-dependent disorders like ischemic stroke rapidly.

Objective:

The aim of our study was to assess the outcome after acute ischemic stroke treatments
during the Covid-19 spread in comparison with a similar period of the previous year in Siena-Hospital
(Hub center in the South-East Tuscany).

Method:

We enrolled all patients admitted to Siena-Hospital for ischemic stroke and submitted
them to acute treatments (intravenous and/or mechanical thrombolysis) between February 21st and
May 18th, 2020 (study group, n:38) and compared the results with ischemic strokes acutely treated
in a similar period in 2019 (control group, n:39). The modified Rankin scale score was assessed at
90 days to evaluate a 3-month clinical outcome.

Conclusion:

In the study group, the time from symptoms onset to hospital arrival and the door-to-groin
puncture time were significantly more prolonged than in the control group. In moderate-severe
strokes, the 3-month mortality was significantly higher in the study group (31% vs. 6%; p=0.01),
and the number of patients with poor functional outcomes was significantly higher in the study
group (73% vs. 44%; p=0.03).

Results :

During the lockdown period due to Covid-19 pandemic, patients with acute ischemic
stroke had a worse prognosis. These findings suggest the need to improve the health system organization
to guarantee an appropriate treatment during the pandemic, including the patients that are
not affected by Covid-19.
Adiponectin is Inversely Associated with Insulin Resistance in Adolescents
with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Liu Bin , Zheng Huan , Liu Guanghui , Li Zhiling
Published: September 2021

Background:

Insulin Resistance (IR) is confirmed as a key feature of Nonalcoholic Fatty
Liver Disease (NAFLD) in children and adolescents. Numerous studies report that adiponectin
(APN) levels are inversely associated with the status of IR in adults with NAFLD. This study
aimed to investigate the relationship between serum total APNand Homeostasis Model Assessment
Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) in adolescents with NAFLD.

Methods:

382 newly-diagnosed NAFLD adolescents, aged 9-16 years old, were enrolled and divided
into three subgroups according to the APNtertile. Simple and multiple linear regression analyses
were performed to assess the correlation between HOMA-IR and APN in boys and girls, respectively.

Results:

The HOMA-IR values tended to decrease in boys according to APN tertiles: 5.6(4.4-7.3)
vs. 5.2(4.6-6.9) vs. 4.9(4.1-5.8) (p<0.01), and there was a significant difference in the HOMA-IR
values among three APN tertile subgroups in girls (p<0.01). Univariate analysis showed that body
mass index, waist circumference, weight-to-height ratio, fasting blood glucose, insulin, triglyceride,
and APN were significantly associated with HOMA-IR in boys (p<0.05). In girls, body mass
index, fasting blood glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and APN were significantly associated
with HOMA-IR (p<0.05).APN was found to be a significant determinant for HOMA-IR
only in boys (β=-0.147, p<0.01).

Conclusion:

Our findings showed that APN was an independent and significant determinant for increased
HOMA-IR in boys with NAFLD. Further studies are needed to explore the underlying
mechanisms.
The Kurpie region. Transformation of settlement landscape until Poland’s accession to the European Union
Authors: Starzyk Agnieszka
Published: September 2021

The Kurpie region is among the most interesting ethnographic regions of Poland, with the center of the original, well-preserved and carefully cultivated folk culture of the Kurpie [ethnographic group of the Polish population]. The image of the Kurpie village resulted from centuries of human activity. Over the centuries, transformations of the landscape occurred. Activities that gave the area a modern appearance were based on adaptation of the natural environment for cultivation of land and gradual establishment of human settlements. The traditional folk culture developed by the Kurpie ethnographic group, as well as high value of the natural environment prompted research in the scope of transformation to open settlement landscape of the Kurpie region. The present study was aimed at investigating processes that determined the transformation to the natural and cultural landscape of the Kurpie region. The territorial scope of the present work covers the Kurpie region located between the Omulew and the Szkwa rivers. In the 15th century, the region was included in the Ostrołęka County and has remained there since then. The time scope of the study concerns the period from when first mention of the area being settled was made to the moment of Poland's accession to the European Union. The following research methods were adopted for the study: analysis of source literature and literature on the subject undertaken in the present work, historical analysis to cover the development of settlement in the studied area, comparative cartographic analysis in the field of settlement and landscape transformation, statistical analysis in the field of social and technical infrastructure. In the study, landscape and urban-rural inventory was also applied. The study structure covers issues related to formation and development of settlement in the Kurpie region: 1) the Kurpie region in scientific research, 2) the Kurpie region in folk culture, 3) the Kurpie region – an outline of settlement-agricultural functions, as well as landscape layout, 4) the Kurpie region – characteristics of the settlement landscape, 5) the Kurpie region – dominant changes to the landscape under the influence of socio-economic factors in the period of the 45 post-war years, 6) the Kurpie region – dominant modification to the landscape as influenced by socio-economic factors during the political system transformation in Poland.
The impact of smog on the design of sports facilities
Authors: Zabłocki Wojciech
Published: September 2021

The smog phenomenon and its health consequences seem to be nowadays a real problem for many societies, including Poland. In addition, the question arises as to what impact it may have on urban planning and architectural design. Scientists believe that there are only three methods to avoid the dangerous smog pollution: trying to stay indoors during smog alerts, avoiding outdoor exercise and using special masks. However, using masks during exercising is unhealthy due to the reduction of the body's oxygenation. Special attention should be paid to the location of open sports areas for young citizens. Air-conditioned sports halls would be the best option for those who want to be physically active during smog alerts.
Initial SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Uptake in a Correctional Setting: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Berk Justin , Murphy Matthew , Kane Kimberly , Chan Philip , Rich Josiah , Brinkley-Rubinstein Lauren
Published: September 2021

Background

The largest outbreaks of COVID-19 in the United States have occurred in correctional facilities, and little is known about the feasibility and acceptability of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine campaigns among incarcerated people.

Objective

The aim of this study was to describe a statewide vaccination program among incarcerated people and staff working in a prison setting.

Methods

Between December 2020 and February 2021, the Rhode Island Department of Corrections (RIDOC) offered the opportunity for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination to all correctional staff and sentenced individuals. Two RIDOC public health educators provided education on the vaccine, answered questions, and obtained consent before the vaccine clinic day for the incarcerated group. All staff received information on signing up for vaccines and watched an educational video that was created by the medical director. Additional information regarding vaccine education and resources was sent via email to the entire RIDOC department.

Results

During this initial campaign, 76.4% (1106/1447) of sentenced individuals and 68.4% (1008/1474) of correctional staff accepted and received the vaccine. Four months after the first vaccine was offered, 77.7% (1124/1447) of the sentenced population and 69.6% (1026/1474) of staff were fully vaccinated.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the feasibility and efficiency of vaccine implementation in a carceral setting. Education and communication likely played an important role in mitigating vaccine refusals.
Intervening on Trust in Science to Reduce Belief in COVID-19 Misinformation and Increase COVID-19 Preventive Behavioral Intentions: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Agley Jon , Xiao Yunyu , Thompson Esi E , Chen Xiwei , Golzarri-Arroyo Lilian
Published: September 2021

Background

Trust in science meaningfully contributes to our understanding of people’s belief in misinformation and their intentions to take actions to prevent COVID-19. However, no experimental research has sought to intervene on this variable to develop a scalable response to the COVID-19 infodemic.

Objective

Our study examined whether brief exposure to an infographic about the scientific process might increase trust in science and thereby affect belief in misinformation and intention to take preventive actions for COVID-19.

Methods

This two-arm, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial aimed to recruit a US representative sample of 1000 adults by age, race/ethnicity, and gender using the Prolific platform. Participants were randomly assigned to view either an intervention infographic about the scientific process or a control infographic. The intervention infographic was designed through a separate pilot study. Primary outcomes were trust in science, COVID-19 narrative belief profile, and COVID-19 preventive behavioral intentions. We also collected 12 covariates and incorporated them into all analyses. All outcomes were collected using web-based assessment.

Results

From January 22, 2021 to January 24, 2021, 1017 participants completed the study. The intervention slightly improved trust in science (difference-in-difference 0.03, SE 0.01, t1000=2.16, P=.031). No direct intervention effect was observed on belief profile membership, but there was some evidence of an indirect intervention effect mediated by trust in science (adjusted odds ratio 1.06, SE 0.03, 95% CI 1.00-1.12, z=2.01, P=.045) on membership in the “scientific” profile compared with the others. No direct nor indirect effects on preventive behaviors were observed.

Conclusions

Briefly viewing an infographic about science appeared to cause a small aggregate increase in trust in science, which may have, in turn, reduced the believability of COVID-19 misinformation. The effect sizes were small but commensurate with our 60-second, highly scalable intervention approach. Researchers should study the potential for truthful messaging about how science works to serve as misinformation inoculation and test how best to do so.

Trial Registration

NCT04557241; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04557241

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR2-10.2196/24383
Чистые помещения и инженерная инфраструктура "под ключ". Профессиональный опыт работы компании ДЕАКСО в России
Authors: Калмакофф Р.
Published: September 2021

Создание чистых помещений "под ключ" – современная, востребованная задача в условиях роста российской промышленности и доли высокотехнологичных производств, требующая комплексного решения от стадии проектирования до сертификации и постпускового обслуживания. Компания ДЕАКСО уже более 6 лет
создает в России высокотехнологичную инфраструктуру инженерных систем и комплексов чистых помещений "под ключ". В самых инновационных, прорывных направлениях развития отечественных производств компанией ДЕАКСО создаются и воплощаются эксклюзивные умные решения от этапа проектирования и согласования проекта до запуска и дальнейшего обслуживания высокотехнологичных объектов
на основе всех требований самых современных стандартов качества. Забота о профессионализме сотрудников и повышении их инжиниринговых компетенций привела к созданию учебного центра, в котором воспитываются новые, подготовленные к работе в компании ДЕАКСО на российском рынке специалисты.
О многолетнем опыте работы в России и на международном рынке полупроводниковой промышленности рассказывает генеральный директор компании ДЕАКСО Рене Калмакофф.
Анализ механических свойств материалов для стоматологических конструкций после проведения искусственного старения
Authors: Апресян С.В. , Гаджиев М.А. , Кравчук К.С. , Гладких Е.В. , Султанова Г.Х. , Русаков А.А. , Усейнов А.С.
Published: September 2021

Ключевой особенностью данной работы является исследование поведения механических свойств материалов для стоматологических конструкций в результате воздействия процесса, имитирующего старение, происходящее с материалами в ходе длительной эксплуатации. В статье приводятся результаты для материалов, напечатанных на 3D-принтере, а также полученных фрезерованием из заготовок. Измерения твердости и модуля упругости проводились методом наноиндентирования, коэффициентов линейного износа и трения – методом истирания, а модуля упругости, прочности и деформации – методом трехточечного изгиба.
ЗАДАЧИ ПЛАНИРОВАНИЯ ТЕЛЕКОММУНИКАЦИОННЫХ СЕТЕЙ. ЧАСТЬ 2
Authors: Соколов Н.
Published: September 2021

Формулируются актуальные задачи, решение которых позволит эффективно планировать телекоммуникационные сети для их модернизации в соответствии с перспективными требованиями потенциальных пользователей. Предлагаются модели для формализации задач, решаемых экономико-математическими методами. Акцентируется внимание на выборе системных решений, в максимально возможной степени инвариантных к изменению тех внешних и внутренних факторов, которые определяют процессы эволюции инфокоммуникационной системы. Обосновывается целесообразность поиска новых принципов по созданию универсальных инфраструктурных сооружений, которые будут использоваться совокупностью сетей и систем, принадлежащих компаниям из разных сфер экономики и государственным структурам.
МЕТОД РАННЕГО ОБНАРУЖЕНИЯ КИБЕРАТАК НА ОСНОВЕ ИНТЕГРАЦИИ ФРАКТАЛЬНОГО АНАЛИЗА И СТАТИСТИЧЕСКИХ МЕТОДОВ
Authors: Котенко И. , Саенко И. , Лаута О. , Крибель А.
Published: September 2021

В статье рассматривается метод обнаружения кибератак на компьютерные сети, основанный на выявлении аномалий в сетевом трафике путем оценки его самоподобия и определения воздействия кибератак с использованием статистических методов. Предлагаемая методика предусматривает три этапа, в рамках которых выполняются анализ свойства самоподобия для эталонного трафика (с применением теста Дики-Фуллера, R/S-анализа и метода DFA), анализ свойства самоподобия для реального трафика (теми же методами) и дополнительной обработки временных рядов статистическими методами (методы скользящего среднего, Z-Score и CUSUM). Рассмотрены вопросы программной реализации предложенного подхода и формирования набора данных, содержащего сетевые пакеты.
k-super cube root cube mean labeling of graphs
Authors: Princy Kala V.
Published: September 2021

Consider a graph G with |V (G)| = p and |E(G)| = q and let f : V (G) → {k, k + 1, k + 2, . . . p + q + k − 1}} be an injective function. The induced edge labeling f ∗ for a vertex labeling f is defined by f ∗ (e) =  for all e = uv ∈ E(G) is bijective. If f(V (G)) ∪ {f ∗ (e) : e ∈ E(G)} = {k, k + 1, k + 2, . . . , p + q + k − 1}, then f is called a k-super cube root cube mean labeling. If such labeling exists, then G is a k-super cube root cube mean graph. In this paper, I introduce k-super cube root cube mean labeling and prove the existence of this labeling to the graphs viz., triangular snake graph Tn, double triangular snake graph D(Tn), Quadrilateral snake graph Qn, double quadrilateral snake graph D(Qn), alternate triangular snake graph A(Tn), alternate double triangular snake graph AD(Tn), alternate quadrilateral snake graph A(Qn), & alternate double quadrilateral snake graph AD(Qn).
Unit groups of group algebras of Abelian groups of order 32
Authors: Bhatt Suchi , Chandra Harish
Published: September 2021

Let F be a finite field of characteristic p > 0 with q = pn elements. In this paper, a complete characterization of the unit groups U(F G) of group algebras F G for the abelian groups of order 32, over finite field of characteristic p > 0 has been obtained.
Sequence spaces defined via Euler method and matrix transformations
Authors: Sharma Pranav
Published: September 2021

A blend of matrix summability and Euler summability transformation methods is used to define Lacunary sequence spaces defined over n-normed space. Then we present the properties of this space and finally, some inclusion relations are presented.
Small-sized magnesium cylinders influence subchondral bone quality in osteoarthritic rabbits – an in vivo pilot study
Authors:   Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625 Hannover, Germany, Angrisani N , Willumeit-Römer R , Windhagen H , Mavila Chathoth B , Scheper V , Wiese B , Helmholz H , Reifenrath J
Published: September 2021

No optimal therapy exists to stop or cure chondral degeneration in osteoarthritis (OA). While the pathogenesis is unclear, there is consensus on the etiological involvement of both articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Compared to original bone, the substance of sclerotic bone is mechanically less solid. The osteoproliferative effect of Mg has been shown repeatedly during development of Mg-based osteosynthesis implants. The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of implanted high-purity Mg cylinders on subchondral bone quality in a rabbit OA model. 10 New Zealand White rabbits received into the knee either 20 empty drill holes or 20 drill holes, which were additionally filled with one Mg cylinder each. Follow-up was at 8 weeks. Micro-computed tomography (µCT) was performed. After euthanasia, cartilage condition was determined, bone samples were collected and processed for histological evaluation and elemental imaging by micro-X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (µXRF). Articular cartilage collected post-mortem showed different stages of lesions, from mild alterations up to exposed subchondral bone, which tended to be slightly lower in animals with implanted Mg cylinders. µCT showed significantly increased bone volume in the Mg group. Also, histological evaluation revealed distinct differences. While right, operated limbs did not show any significant difference, left, non-operated controls showed significantly less changes in articular cartilage in the Mg group. A distinct influence of implanted cylinders of pure Mg on subchondral bone of osteoarthritic rabbits was shown. Subsequent evaluations, including other time points and alternative alloys, will show if this could alter OA progression.
Design of Off-Grid Solar Photovoltaic and Energy Storage System for Slow Pyrolysis Reactor
Authors: Bhatia Karan
Published: September 2021

Abstract: The need for sustainable methods of producing energy is growing now more than ever due to the increasing environmental concerns and the current climate crisis. By combining the existing pyrolysis setup available to us, with solar energy, we can help in reducing the carbon footprint of the setup. India is one of the largest agrarian economies and as a result produces vast amounts of biomass waste, which is disposed of by burning. This produces a lot of smoke which contributes to a thick hazy smog in northern India and has a serious impact on the health of its population. Research in the thermo-chemical conversion of biomass waste and polymer wastes has also gained momentum in recent years. Various methods have been developed to reduce agricultural biomass and plastic wastes, but the Pyrolysis process proves its effectiveness in reducing wastes as well as converting them into useful fuels. Pyrolysis is a relatively simple, inexpensive, and robust thermo-chemical technology for transforming biomass into bio‐oil, biochar, and syngas. In this report, we focused on how to make the pyrolysis process more efficient, eco-friendly, and cost-effective by combining it with a solar photovoltaic system. A Photovoltaic (PV) system also helps in decreasing the grid dependence and increasing the reliability of the pyrolysis setup. It is used in conjunction with lithium-ion batteries to provide the necessary power required to carry out the pyrolytic conversion. Thus, with this solution, we can effectively produce energy while getting rid of bulky organic and plastic waste. Keywords: Pyrolysis, Sustainable energy, Solar Energy, Renewable Energy, Solar Photovoltaic System, Lithium-ion batteries
ASI Based Identification and Prioritization of Accident Black Spot
Authors: Thakare K. N.
Published: September 2021

Abstract: The number of motor vehicles on road increased spectacularly which causing major social and transportation problems such as death and economic losses. Eradication of accident blackspots is a crucial part of the road safety approach. So, this issue informed the quest to study and identify the accidental black spot in the context of NH 6. The stretch of 35 km on NH 6 near Pune was considered to identify the black spot. Accident blackspot locations were distinguished through the accident severity index (ASI) method by employing two years of accident data. These identified black spots were prioritized based on their final severity index score. The two most vulnerable black spots out of nine were selected for further analysis and countermeasure process. Conclusively, the accident severity-based framework can effectively correlate the nature of the accident with the type of casualty to provide detailed and accurate black spot location. Keywords: Black Spots, Accident Severity Index (ASI), Black Spot Prioritization, Traffic Volume, Highway, Countermeasures.
Hormonal sex reversal technique of Oreochromis niloticus larvae in a tank in the Urban Commune of Kankan, Republic of Guinea
Authors: SOROMOU Lanan Wassy , THEA Berthin , BANGOURA Yamoussa , CAMARA Aboubacar Mabinty , MAGASSOUBA Samba , KABA Odia Mamady , SIDIME Youssouf
Published: September 2021

Hormonal sex - reversal is widely recognized as having significant advantage over both manual sexing and hybridization. The present study carried out in the aquaculture center of Kankan aimed at producing monosex male fry of Oreochromis niloticus in order to increase the yield of this species.

During this study, 95 Oreochromis niloticus broodstock including 21 males and 74 females were paired (spawned) in a spawning tank of 135 m2 surface for 15 days. The respective mean weights of the spawners were 448.6 ±157.7 g for males and 406.7±115.9 g for females. Hormonal treatment was performed on 900 larvae with an average initial weight of 0.028 g from the 10th post fertilization to the 38th day in a tank of one (1) m3. The larvae were fed with 1 kg of imported "Raanan Premium Fish" powdered feed titrated with 40% protein, mixed in a hormonal solution containing 17-α-methyltestosterone and 90% ethanol with respective doses of 100 mg and 500 ml.

At the end of hormonal treatment, 578 fry with a final average weight of 4.5 g were conducted in a pre-pregnancy tank with a surface area of 50 m2 for 30 days and yielded at the end of pre-pregnancy 501 fry with a final average weight of 13 g, a daily growth rate of 0.22 g, a specific growth rate of 1.7%, a survival rate of 64% and a mortality rate of 36%. After sex identification (sexing), the rates of hormonal treatment were 83.33% and 16.66% for males and females, respectively. In conclusion, the popularization of the results of this study could be considered as an alternative for a production of monosex male population in Oreochromis niloticus that will feed the networks of local producers to improve the production of the species throughout the country.

Keywords: Oreochromis niloticus, hormone, sex, larvae and tank.
Practical management of hypertension in adults
Authors: El-Reshaid Kamel
Published: September 2021

Hypertension is the most powerful, independent, preventable risk factor for death and disability from cardiovascular diseases.  Initial clinical assessment and diagnostic testing are essential to disclose; (a) secondary causes to avoid resistant cases that needs specific therapy, (b) co-morbid conditions that limits choice of drug-therapy, and (c) target organ damage that dictates specialized approach.  In this review article; an algorithm for its management is outlined that includes also specific practical approach to those with emergencies, urgencies and co-morbid conditions.

Keywords: adults, coronary artery disease, heart failure, hypertension, renal failure, stroke.
Concept and Management of Meniere’s Disease in Unani Medicine-A Review
Authors: Nasir Abdul , Ahmad Minhaj , Zaidi Zehra , Zaidi SM Arif
Published: September 2021

Meniere’s disease, also called endolymphatic hydrops, is a disorder of the inner ear where the endolymphatic system is distended due to endolymph. It is characterized by vertigo, Tinnitus, sensorineural hearing loss and aural fullness. The main pathology in Meniere’s disease is distention of endolymphatic system due to increased volume of endolymph. This can result either from increased production of endolymph or its faulty absorption or both. The description of hypothyroidism as a disease is not directly found in Unani texts. However, the signs and symptoms of meniere’s disease such as Dawar (vertigo), Taneen (tinnitus), Hissi Asabi Bahrapan (sensorineural hearing loss), Seqal-e-Uzn (aural fullness) mentioned in unani medicine associated with clinical manifestation in the context of Su-e-Mizaj Barid Maddi (derangement in cold temperament) as a result of an excess production endolymph (Kasrate Ifraz-e-Androon lymph) or defective absorption of endolymph (Nuqse Jazb-e- Androon lymph) in abnormal phlegm in the internal ear. On the basis of this fact, an attempt has been herewith made to understand the disease and its management through Unani Medicine.

Keywords: Meniere’s disease, Vertigo, Tinnitus, Taneen, Deafness
Frequency and Distribution of Fok1rs 2228570 of Vitamin D Receptor Gene among Healthy Sudanese Population
Authors: Khalafalla Amira S. , Mohammed Yousif A. , Abakar Adam D. , Mergani A , Dafaalla Amer M. , Abdelwahed Mohammed , Balla Omer , Hassan Mutaz I.
Published: September 2021

Background: Vitamin D plays a role in critical cellular processes such as apoptosis, cell development, and division. The Fok1 polymorphism in the VRD gene is T/C resulting in larger vitamin D receptor protein with lesser expression activity. Fok1 polymorphism is thought to be linked to many diseases including diabetes mellitus, cancers, and rheumatoid arthritis. The snipe also provides effective and sensitive diagnostic and predictive tools and affected by differences in ethnicity and individuals' life style. This study reports on the frequency and distribution of Fok1 SNP among healthy Sudanese transplantation donors.

Method: This cross sectional study was conduct in National Cancer Institute University of Gezira, Sudan. One hundred and forty six healthy Sudanese transplantation donors were enrolled in this study. Two ml of venous blood was collected from each participant and stored at -20 till DNA extraction. Qaigen kit was used for DNA extraction. VDR Fok1 was genotyped by CTPP-PCR with proper primers designing and PCR condition. Data was collected by structured questionnaire and analyzed by SNP Stats online tool and medical calculator.

Results: According to study results theFok1 polymorphism distributed among Sudanese with percentage of 49.9% (TT + CT), frequency of SNP variants was 69.8% regarding C allele and 30.2% for T allele, while the three genotypes was 10.2% for TT, 39.7% for TC and 50.1% for CC genotype.

Conclusion: The frequency of Fok1 VDR SNP was high among healthy Sudanese transplantation donors, this necessitate the conduction of wide area survey among other healthy Sudanese population. This intern will help in investigating the nature of the relation of this SNP with other different diseases.

Keywords: Vitamin D, Fok1rs. 2225870, VDR SNP, Sudanese
Review on Classical Preparatory Methods of Rasa Dravyaas
Authors: Hirudkar Vandana N. , Gharde Sarita G.
Published: September 2021

The Ayurveda term Rasashaastra merely involves science of mercury (Parada). This specialized modality works around mineral, metal and precious elements. The drugs or raw materials utilized under category of Rasashaastra are known as ‘Rasa dravyaas’. These drugs offer several therapeutic responses and imparts excellent pattern of drug absorption, assimilation and quick action. Rasa dravyaas are utilized for treating diseases of skin, digestive system, respiratory system, reproductive system and excretory system, etc. The metal and mineral based products are prepared using specific procedures of purification, mixing, heating, incineration and size reduction, etc. The procedures involves in the preparation of these drugs provides particular characteristics in formulation therefore it is very essential to prepare Rasa dravyaas as per the specified protocol with great precaution, the error in preparation of Rasa dravyaas can hamper quality of drugs and also responsible for adverse reaction. Thus ancient Ayurveda philospher advocated that a learned person should involve in the preparation of Rasa dravyaas with quality check in each step. Present article explores classical preparatory methods of Rasa Dravyaas.

Keywords: Ayurveda, Rasashaastra, Rasa dravyaas, Parada
Study of Drug Prescribing Pattern in Pediatric Outpatient Department at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Authors: Rahul Sabbu , Sravya Devathi Venkata lakshmi , Doddayya Hiremath
Published: September 2021

Background: Infants and children suffer from frequent but usually non serious illnesses and are more vulnerable to various adverse events related to drugs and poor understanding of instructions on prescription by the patient or caretakers were likely to cause medication error. The correct identification of an illness and its management with medications is a vital aspect of patient care, especially for paediatric population. So, prescribing pattern studies are very helpful in promoting the appropriate use of drugs in population. Objectives: It aims to obtain data on the current prescribing pattern in pediatric OPD at a tertiary care teaching hospital with ultimate goal to promote appropriate use of drugs. Methods: This study was conducted in 62 pediatric patients of either sex visiting Pediatric out-patient department over a period of three months at NMCH and RC, Raichur, Karnataka. Results: Prescription analysis showed that the average number of drugs per prescription was 3.32. Drugs were mostly prescribed by brand name (98.06%), Injections (4.83%) were least prescribed, drugs prescribed from Essential Drug List was 48.54%. Antibiotics were most prescribed class of drugs (33.9%). Conclusion: The study concludes that polypharmacy was slightly seen in prescriptions. Diagnosis of the patient was recorded for most of the prescriptions. There is need to conduct many such studies at regular interval as it is useful for auditing large number of prescriptions to find out early signals of the irrational drug use. Our study evaluated drug use pattern only from the outpatients hence prescription pattern may vary among inpatients.

Keywords: Prescribing pattern, Infants, WHO core prescribing indicators, Polypharmacy, Generic name
A Review on Brief Study of Calotropis gigantea Linn
Authors: Negi Divya , Bisht Ajay Singh
Published: September 2021

Calotropis gigantea Linn is a popular restorative herb commonly known as milk weed & has been utilized in Indian system of medication. In this review, the systematic position, introduction about the plant, morphological study, phytochemistry and the economical values of the Calotropis gigantea are discussed. It has oval, light green leaves and smooth stem. The plant is growing in a wide range of soils and natural conditions, requiring no cultivation practices.  Various pharmacological activities reported like antioxidant activity, anti-malarial activity, antimicrobial activity, cytotoxic activity, antipyretic activity, anti-asthmatic activity, anti-inflammatory activity, analgesic activity, insecticidal activity, wound healing activity & anti-diarrheal activity.

Keywords: Calotropis gigantea Linn., Pharmacological studies.
A Comparative Research between Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Profile of Anti-Hyperlipidemic Activity on Rodents
Authors: Tony Darsi Eswar , Kiran M. Uday , Saleha Md. Abu , Naik R. Suresh , Sai U. Bhargav , Niranjan V. , Kowshik T. , Nadendla Rama Rao
Published: September 2021

The condition of hyperlipidemia is found to be a great establisher for all the negative health consequences which may lead to cardiac complications. Continuous usage of medication alone is not permanent remedy but also need physical exercise. The same situation was established in animals to assess the performance of pharmacological and non-pharmacological profile by standardized screening using In-vivo methods. The high-cholesterol diet caused a significant increase in total lipids, total cholesterol (TC), total triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and the atherogenic index, whereas the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly decreased for the treatment groups intended for physical exercise. This article enables the importance of health benefited by physical performance by depicting the biochemical parameters.

Keywords: Hyperlipidemia, Triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, activity wheel, Physical exercise, Cardiac performance.
Dry-Coating of Powder Particles is Current Trend in Pharmaceutical Field
Authors: Alli Saikh Mahammed Athar
Published: September 2021

Modification of surface attributes of particles, usually accomplished by coating, is desirous to enhance and maintain their usability. Coating is a multi-step process involves application of the coating material (CoM) onto the substrate, herein powder particles, where the process along with device/ equipment monitors surface attributes of the applied coating. Nowadays competitive market calls for cost cutting to survive product(s). Thus saving of energy and time, minimising number and quantity of additives, reducing and shortening process steps; consequently minimising the coating process cost are main goals while developing coating process for powder particle. Innovation of processes for dry-powder coating (DPC) along with their further development and refinement finds solution to said issues. Further, DPC process does not calls for liquid solvent or solution thus are viewed as cost-effective and environmentally safe, DPC process uses thermo-mechanical methods like mechanofusion, magnetic assisted impaction coating (MAIC), hybridization, rotating fluid-bed process, theta-composer, hot-melt coating (HMC), and many others. Besides these available are non-thermo-mechanical methods namely electrostatic coating; supercritical fluids (SCF) based methods like rapid expansion of supercritical fluid (RESF), gas anti-solvent (GAS), SCF anti-solvent, gas-saturated solution (GSS); vapour coating; and others. Basing on said thermo-mechanical and non-thermo-mechanical principle several DPC methods/ process had been reported in scientific literatures and patents. Said DPC method founds multidisciplinary applications like drug delivery and drug development. Diverse devices are there for the DPC process; their method of working, principle, limitations and benefits along with their applicability in pharmaceutical field are discussed and presented in this article.

Keywords: Dry, particle, coating, pharmaceutical, process
Thyroid Hormones in the Human Body: A review
Authors: Rajalakshmi A. N. , Begam Farghana
Published: September 2021

Thyroid gland is an essential endocrine gland that is present in the human body.  This review highlights the production, regulation and disease conditions of the thyroid hormones.  The thyroid gland is controlled with the help of hypothalamus and the pituitary gland that is present in the brain.  The production of thyroid hormones involves five main steps such synthesis of thyroglobulin (TG), iodide uptake, iodination of thyroglobulin, storage and release.  The two important hormones produced by the thyroid gland are Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine(T3). These two hormones are iodine containing derivatives. Deficiency of iodine in the body results in the reduction of T3 and T4 production. Excess and deficiency of these two hormones result in the major diseases like Hyper and Hypothyroidism.  The synthetic forms of Thyroxine(T4) and Triiodothyronine(T3) used in the Pharmaceutical field are Levothyroxine and Liothyronine.  Women are most commonly prone to these thyroid diseases comparatively to men.  Undiagnosed disease conditions may become fatal. Levothyroxine therapy is commonly used for thyroidism which is a similar synthetic thyroid hormone.  Also natural thyroid hormones that are obtained from the dried thyroid glands of animals are available.  Thyroid function test and the measurement of T3, T4 plasma level becomes essential for the identification and regular maintenance of thyroid hormones in the body and human well-being.
A Review on Niosomes: Potential Vesicular Drug Delivery System
Authors: Kumavat Sonali , Sharma Pravin Kumar , Koka Sweta S , Sharma Ravi , Gupta Ashish , Darwhekar G. N.
Published: September 2021

Over the years researchers have been making an attempt to improve the potency of utilization of medicament for treatment of numerous diseases. During this endeavour, drug delivery systems have helped greatly by achieving reduced dose, reduced dosage frequency, improved patient compliance, improved bioavailability and maximum concentration of the drug at the target site. Recent years have seen an unprecedented growth in the use of nanotechnology in designing drug delivery systems. Niosomes are vesicles composed of non-ionic surfactants, which are biodegradable, comparatively non-toxic, stable, economical and effective alternate to liposomes. This review is deepening and widening the interest of Niosomes in several scientific disciplines and notably its application in drug delivery. This review additionally presents a summary of the types, methods of preparation, characterization and applications of Niosomes.

Keywords:  Niosomes, types, method of preparation, factors affecting and applications
A Review on Protein Misfolding Diseases and therapeutics for preventing Diseases
Authors: Singh Yogesh Kumar
Published: September 2021

Background: Protein misfolding sicknesses are the gathering of irresistible lethal neuro and non-neurodegenerative infections and in ebb and flow researchers and specialists accepted that unusual folding of protein is the essential or main key of such illnesses are Alzheimer's infections, Parkinson's diseases, Huntington's sickness, Creutzfeldt-Jakob infection, cystic fibrosis, Gaucher's infection and numerous other degenerative and neurodegenerative problems.  The motive of this review article is to gave a detailed of the existing structural information for prion and prion protein and also we will trying to find out their preventing root causes with respect to structural information of prions within the context of what is known about the protein misfolding diseases.

Objective: This article presents a brief overview of research on the use of these therapeutics for the treatment or improvement in prion diseases or protein misfolding.

Material and Methods: This article begins with the brief introduction about protein misfolding diseases or infections and the therapeutic materials which are used in researches or explain this article (pentosan polysulfate, Quinacrine, Doxycycline, Chaperone based therapy, Resveratrol and curcumin) etc.

Results and Conclusions: In this present context of protein misfolding/prion diseases diagonsis.Therapeutic approaches predicts that person infected with prion diseases prolongs the survival time of the patient and improvement in the conditions of the prion diseased infected patient which provides good result for future medicine development.

Keywords: Amyloid, Beta-sheet, neurodegenerative, prion, protein misfolding, therapeutics etc
Determining quantum phase diagrams of topological Kitaev-inspired models on NISQ quantum hardware
Authors: Xiao Xiao , Freericks J. K. , Kemper A. F.
Published: September 2021

Topological protection is employed in fault-tolerant error correction and in developing quantum algorithms with topological qubits. But, topological protection intrinsic to models being simulated, also robustly protects calculations, even on NISQ hardware. We leverage it by simulating Kitaev-inspired models on IBM quantum computers and accurately determining their phase diagrams. This requires constructing conventional quantum circuits for Majorana braiding to prepare the ground states of Kitaev-inspired models. The entanglement entropy is then measured to calculate the quantum phase boundaries. We show how maintaining particle-hole symmetry when sampling through the Brillouin zone is critical to obtaining high accuracy. This work illustrates how topological protection intrinsic to a quantum model can be employed to perform robust calculations on NISQ hardware, when one measures the appropriate protected quantum properties. It opens the door for further simulation of topological quantum models on quantum hardware available today.
Autochthonous synergy of Russian literary discourse
Authors: Alefirenko Nikolay F. , Nurtazina Maral B. , Shakhputova Zukhra Kh.
Published: September 2021

The paper is aimed at describing the convergent effect of the interaction of several linguistic consciousness sense-forming channels, when their joint nonlinear impact significantly exceeds the total potential of individual elements of discursive activity. The texts of Russian Chernozem region writers are studied. The novelty of the research is that the role of the conjugate work of creative and receptive minds forming the two levels of autochthonous text-generating discourse (immanent and representative) is revealed and evaluated. It is proved that the efficient mechanism of autochthonous text generation is the synergy of the discursive-modus concept - the phenomenon of nonlinear discursive activity. The idea is substantiated that immersion in the synergistic architectonics of the discursive-modus concept opens the way to understanding the playful origin of the author's linguistic consciousness: his abilities through the system of content (aesthetic, modal, expressive, etc.) and formal linguistic means to embody the strategic vision in a unique, non-trivial and creative way. The paper proposes a compromise solution to distinguish between the synergy of averbal (naive, trivial, folk concepts that have not yet undergone the processes of linguocreative semiosis) and verbal (linguistic) concepts. This served as the platform for applying a linguo-epistemic approach to regional literary concept which allows to implement the convergent synergy of two types of concepts, thereby contributing to understanding the literary discourse as the cognitive basis of text generation process.
Pronóstico en pacientes con ataque cerebrovascular isquémico de circulación posterior
Authors: Giraldo Tapias Lilliana María , Álvarez Gómez Felipe , Restrepo Aristizábal Carolina , Cuartas Zapata Julián , Pino Pérez Angélica María , Rojas Gualdrón Diego Fernando
Published: September 2021

INTRODUCCIÓN:
El ochenta por ciento de los ataques cerebrovasculares son isquémicos, y uno de cada cinco afecta la circulación posterior. Su diagnóstico es difícil y los datos disponibles sobre el pronóstico y la mortalidad son discordantes.

OBJETIVO:
Evaluar el desenlace funcional a 180 días de los pacientes con ataque cerebrovascular (ACV) isquémico de circulación posterior (CP).

MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS:
Seguimiento prospectivo a pacientes con ACV de CP que ingresaron al Instituto Neurológico de Colombia entre septiembre del 2017 y septiembre del 2018. El desenlace clínico fue determinado mediante la escala Rankin modificada (mRS) al mes, a los seis meses y al año.

RESULTADOS:
Fueron incluidos 68 pacientes. La edad promedio fue 61 ±17 años y 60,3 % fueron hombres. El 85% tenía un mRS previo al ACV ? 1 y el 63 % un NIHSS basal ? 4. Nueve pacientes (13,2 %) recibieron terapia de reperfusión aguda (rtPA, TEV o ambas) y siete (10,3 %) adicionales arteriografía diferida. Dieciséis pacientes (23,5 %) presentaron una mejoría del NIHSS basal ? 4 puntos. Cuarenta y seis pacientes (74,2 %) presentaron un desenlace excelente mRS 0-1 a los seis meses y 87,1 % fueron categorizados mRS favorable (mRS 0-2). En el análisis ajustado, el NIHSS ? 4 fue un predictor de desenlace desfavorable a seis meses (RR 6,4; IC95 % 2,9-14,2). Seis pacientes (9,0 %) fallecieron, cuatro relacionados con el episodio actual o su recurencia.

CONCLUSIONES:
La mayoría de los pacientes con ACV de CP tienen desdenlaces favorables y una baja mor%talidad. La escala de NIHSS basal es un factor pronóstico independiente.
Parkinson genetico: Reporte de un caso clínico y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Rojas Castillo Juan Carlos , Ruiz Adriana Marcela , Moreno López Claudia Lucía , Silva Soler Miguel Arturo , Páez Gutiérrez Cristian Camilo
Published: September 2021

El parkinsonismo constituye un conjunto de signos y síntomas clínicos caracterizados por bradicinesia y temblor en reposo o rigidez, cuya causa más frecuente es la enfermedad de Parkinson (EP). La gran mayoría de los casos de EP son esporádicos, sin embargo, existe una minoría en la cual la etiología se debe a una mutación heredada, ya sea autosómica dominante (AD), autosómica recesiva (AR) o herencia ligada al X. La identificación de estas causas heredables es importante para una adecuada consejería genética y tratamiento. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con EP de inicio temprano en el que se identificó una mutación AD en el gen GIGYF2 o PARK11, asociado a una breve revisión de la literatura