bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methodology based on modelling processes and the characterisation
of natural flows for risk assessment and water management under
the influence of climate change
Authors: Suárez-Almiñana Sara , Solera Abel , Madrigal Jaime , Andreu Joaquín , Paredes-Arquiola Javier
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Climate change and its possible effects on water resources has become an increasingly near threat. Therefore, the study of these impacts in highly regulated systems and those suffering extreme events is essential to deal with them effectively. This paper responds to the need of an effective methodology that integrates the climate change projections into water planning and management to guide complex basin decision-making through drought risk and management assessments. In this study is presented an adaptive method based on a model chain and correction processes, where the main outcomes are the impacts on future natural inflows, a drought risk indicator and the simulation of the future water storage of the water resources system (WRS) under consideration. The proposed methodology was applied in the Júcar River Basin (JRB) due to its complexity and the multiannual drought events it goes through. The results shown a decreasing tendency of future inflows to the basin, and the drought risk indicator shows a high probability (≈ 80 %) of being under 50 % of total capacity of the WRS in the near future, but the uncertainty is considerable from the middle century onwards, indicating that an improvement in the skill of climate projections is required. Thus, this paper also highlights the difficulties of developing this type of methods, since the conclusions on climate change impact assessment depend on partial decisions taken during the methodological processes. However, the main results call for action in the JRB and the tool developed can be considered as a feasible option to facilitate and support decision-making in future water planning and management.
Characterising patterns of heavy precipitation events in the eastern
Mediterranean using a weather radar and convection-permitting
WRF simulations
Authors: Armon Moshe , Marra Francesco , Enzel Yehouda , Rostkier-Edelstein Dorita , Morin Efrat
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Heavy precipitation events (HPEs) can lead to natural hazards (floods, debris flows) and contribute to water resources. Rainfall patterns govern HPEs effects. Thus, a correct characterisation and prediction of rainfall patterns is crucial for coping with HPEs. Information from rain gauges is generally limited due to the sparseness of the networks, especially in presence of sharp climatic gradients. Forecasting HPEs depends on the ability of weather models to generate credible rainfall patterns. This paper characterises rainfall patterns during HPEs based on high-resolution weather radar data and evaluates the performance of a high-resolution, convection-permitting, Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in simulating these patterns. We identified 41 HPEs in the eastern Mediterranean from a 24-year radar record using local thresholds based on quantiles for different durations, and we ran model simulations of these events. For most durations, HPEs near the coastline are characterised by the highest rain intensities, however, for short durations, the highest rain intensities characterise the inland desert. During the rainy season, the centre-of-mass of the rain field progresses from the sea inland. Rainfall during HPEs is highly localised both in space (
Impact of tidal dynamics on diel vertical migration of zooplankton in
Hudson Bay
Authors: Petrusevich Vladislav Y. , Dmitrenko Igor A. , Niemi Andrea , Kirillov Sergey A. , Kamula Christina Michelle , Kuzyk Zou Zou A. , Barber David G. , Ehn Jens K.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Hudson Bay is a large, seasonally-ice covered Canadian inland sea, connected to the Arctic Ocean and North Atlantic through Foxe Basin and Hudson Strait. This study investigates zooplankton distribution, dynamics and factors controlling them during open water and ice cover periods (from September 2016 to October 2017) in Hudson Bay. A mooring equipped with two Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP) and a sediment trap was deployed in September 2016 in Hudson Bay ~ 190 km north-east from the port of Churchill. The backscatter intensity and vertical velocity time series showed a pattern typical for the zooplankton diel vertical migration (DVM). Zooplankton collected by the sediment trap allowed for the identification of migrating scatters during the study period. From the acquired acoustic data we observed the interaction of DVM with multiple factors including lunar light, tides, as well as water and sea ice dynamics. Solar illuminance was the major factor determining migration pattern, but unlike at some other polar and sub-polar regions, moonlight had a little effect on DVM, while tidal dynamics is important. The presented data constitutes a first-ever observed presence of DVM in Hudson Bay during winter as well as its interaction with the tidal dynamics.
Development of a harmonised soil profile analytical database for Europe: a resource for supporting regional soil management
Authors: Kristensen Jeppe Aagaard , Balstrøm Thomas , Jones Robert J. A. , Jones Arwyn , Montanarella Luca , Panagos Panos , Breuning-Madsen Henrik
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Soil mapping is an essential method for obtaining a spatial overview of soil
resources that are increasingly threatened by environmental change and
population pressure. Despite recent advances in digital soil-mapping
techniques based on inference, such methods are still immature for
large-scale soil mapping. During the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, soil scientists
constructed a harmonised soil map of Europe (1:1 000 000) based on national soil
maps. Despite this extraordinary regional overview of the spatial
distribution of European soil types, crude assumptions about soil properties
were necessary for translating the maps into thematic information relevant to
management. To support modellers with analytical data connected to the soil
map, the European Soil Bureau Network (ESBW) commissioned the development of the soil profile analytical database for Europe (SPADE) in the late 1980s. This
database contains soil analytical data based on a standardised set of soil
analytical methods across the European countries. Here, we review the
principles adopted for developing the SPADE database during the past five
decades, the work towards fulfilling the milestones of full geographic
coverage for dominant soils in all the European countries (SPADE level 1)
and the addition of secondary soil types (SPADE level 2). We illustrate the
application of the database by showing the distribution of the root zone
capacity and by estimating the soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks at a depth
of 1 m for Europe to be 60×1015 g. The increased accuracy, potentially
obtained by including secondary soil types (level 2), is shown in a case
study to estimate SOC stocks in Denmark. Until data from systematic
cross-European soil-sampling programmes have sufficient spatial coverage for
reliable data interpolation, integrating national soil maps and locally
assessed analytical data into a harmonised database remains a powerful
resource to support soil resources management at regional and continental
scales by providing a platform to guide sustainable soil management and food
production.
The surface albedo of the Greenland Ice Sheet between 1982 and 2015 from the CLARA-A2 dataset and its relationship to the ice sheet's surface mass balance
Authors: Riihelä Aku , King Michalea D. , Anttila Kati
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The Greenland Ice Sheet is losing mass at a significant rate,
driven in part by increasing surface-melt-induced runoff. Because the ice
sheet's surface melt is closely connected to changes in the surface albedo,
studying multidecadal changes in the ice sheet's albedo offers insight into
surface melt and associated changes in its surface mass balance. Here, we
first analyse the CM SAF Cloud, Albedo and
Surface Radiation dataset from AVHRR data second edition (CLARA-A2) Surface Albedo (SAL),
covering 1982–2015, to obtain decadal albedo trends for each summer month.
We also examine the rates of albedo change during the early summer,
supported with atmospheric reanalysis data from MERRA-2 (Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, version 2), to discern changes
in the intensity of early summer melt, and their likely drivers. We find
that rates of albedo decrease during summer melt have accelerated during the
2000s relative to the early 1980s and that the surface albedos now often
decrease to values typical of bare ice at elevations 50–100 m higher on
the ice sheet. The southern margins exhibit the opposite behaviour, though,
and we suggest this is due to increasing snowfall over the area. We then subtract ice discharge from the mass balance estimates observed by
the Gravity Recovery and
Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission to estimate surface mass balance. The CLARA-A2 albedo changes are regressed with these data to obtain a summer-aggregated
proxy surface mass balance time series for the summer periods 1982–2015. This
proxy time series is compared with latest regional climate model estimates
from the MAR model to perform an observation-based test on the dominance of
surface runoff in the magnitude and variability of the summer surface mass
balance. We show that the proxy time series agrees with MAR through the
analysed period within the associated uncertainties of the data and methods,
demonstrating and confirming that surface runoff has dominated the rapid
surface mass loss period between the 1990s and 2010s. Finally, we extend the analysis to the drainage basin scale to examine
discharge–albedo relationships. We find little evidence of surface-melt-induced ice flow acceleration at annual timescales.
Delineando a pesquisa clínica
Authors: Aquino Rafael Lemes de , Vargas Lorena Silva , Sousa Neto Adriana Lemos de , Maganhoto Aline Maria Santos , Teixeira Núbia Fernandes
Published: October 2019

.Tem-se o livro “Delineando a pesquisa clínica”, de Stephen B. Hulley, Steven R. Cummings, Warren S. Browner, Deborah G. Grady e Thomas B. Newman, traduzido por Michael Schimdt Duncan e André Garcia Islabão e publicado, em 2015, pela editora Artmed. Trata-se, como foco primordial, a instrumentalização dos leitores para que possam formular questões de pesquisa e planejar um delineamento de estudo de forma efetiva, sitemática e ética.
Introducción al estudio de los Materiales Multiferroicos
Authors: Sauceda Jorge A.
Published: October 2019

En la naturaleza se pueden encontrar materiales ferromagnéticos así como materiales ferroeléctricos o ferroelásticos, y solamente una cantidad limitada de materiales poseen más de una de estas propiedades de manera simultánea, estos materiales son llamados multiferroicos. Este documento es una breve introducción al estudio de dichos materiales y el origen de sus propiedades físicas, con un enfoque especial hacia los multiferroicos magnetoeléctricos.
La Función Delta de Dirac
Authors: Andino Fernando , Recarte Marlon , Spilsbury Michael
Published: October 2019

La función de Dirac presenta propiedades verdaderamente útiles para modelar problemas de la física – matemática. Se presenta un resumen detallado de las principales características y propiedades de dicha ”función”, argumentándose la validez de las mismas.
Evolución de los precios del petróleo
Authors: Ramírez Danny , Guerrero Wilder
Published: October 2019

El precio del petróleo, así como los factores que determinan su evolución, desafían cualquier modelo de predicción existente. Esto ha motivado la búsqueda de nuevos modelos, que permitan un análisis científico de los sistemas económicos, especialmente en el área de predictibilidad de los mercados financieros, impulsando, en cierta medida, el desarrollo de una nueva ciencia, llamada Econofísica; mediante la cual, se ha demostrado que ciertos modelos de la Física son potencialmente prometedores en el tratamiento científico de los sistemas económicos. Recientemente, la dinámica de los mercados financieros, ha llegado a ser de mucho interés para algunos físicos, debido a su amplio y complejo comportamiento de escalamiento, análogo a lo que comúnmente se observa en los sistemas físicos con muchas unidades que interactúan todo el tiempo. Así desde la perspectiva de la Econofísica, aquí se desarrolla un nuevo modelo para intentar predecir el precio del petróleo WTI, para el periodo 2014-2024, tomando como variable fundamental la volatilidad histórica del precio tabulado desde el año 1986 a octubre de 2013.
Comparación de valores satelitales de irradiación solar global con datos en tierra para la República De Honduras
Authors: Baca Nelson , Flores Marco
Published: October 2019

En el presente trabajo, se realiza la comparación de valores satelitales medios mensuales de irradiación solar global de 1.25° de longitud por 1° de latitud resolución espacial publicados por la NASA y de libre acceso, con datos en tierra de 5 localidades de la República de Honduras. Se obtienen errores medios cuadráticos que varían para las distintas localidades entre 2.38 y 77.05% para la irradiación solar global, dependiendo fuertemente de la inhomogenidad topográfica y climática del lugar. Los sesgos medios relativos encontrados muestran para la mayoría de los casos una sobre estimación por parte del dato satelital.
Ancillary Services in Honduras, Regulatory Framework and Proposals for Its Development in the System
Authors: Pérez Jorge Andrés , Reyes Ellis Moisés , Vindel Tannia Karina
Published: October 2019

The ancillary services are essential in the power Systems operation, historically this services haven’t been regulated in any way in Honduras. There have been changes recently into the regulatory framework in the entire electricity sector alongside the large-scale injection of photovoltaic and wind powered centrals in the System. Considering these scenarios, the ancillary services become a necessity in terms of the operation for the power system and the stability associated with it.

In this paper, we analyze the technical and economic aspects related to the frequency control, voltage control and blackstart services, we compare the services provided in different countries and how it is possible to adapt the successful cases to the Honduran power system.
Zeven scènes uit het leven van een 150-jarige
Authors: Loth M.A.
Published: October 2019

Zeven scènes uit het leven van een 150-jarige

Dit jaar viert het Gemeenschappelijk Hof van Justitie zijn 150-jarig bestaan. Voor die gelegenheid staat de auteur stil bij de betekenis van het Hof voor de moderne Caribische rechtsstaat en samenleving. Daartoe worden zeven scènes geschetst waarin centraal staan de relaties van het Hof tot de burger, de overheid, de bestuurders, de rechtsorde, het algemeen belang, de Hoge Raad, en het interne bestuur en beheer. Op al deze fronten heeft het Hof zich aangepast aan nieuwe noden en aspiraties van de samenleving. De conclusie is dat het Hof zich heeft ontwikkeld tot een van de krachtigste instituties van de Caribische samenleving.
La recuperació del Dietari sobre la Guerra de Successió d’Isidre Planes a la premsa periòdica valenciana (1912-1913)
Authors: Roca Rafael
Published: October 2019

Entre l’1 de març de 1912 i el 31 de desembre de 1913 el diari valencià Las Provincias publicà, per lliuraments, la pràctica totalitat del contingut del segon volum —corresponent als anys 1708-1709— del conegut com a Dietari d’Isidre Planes, una obra monumental que abraça un període cronològic de catorze anys (1705-1718) i que ha sigut qualificada com la crònica més completa i detallada de la Guerra de Successió a València. Així, a més de donar-ne notícia, el present estudi analitza les característiques d’aquella edició periodística que veié la llum durant l’inici del segle xx, i valora les conseqüències i els beneficis que se’n deriven. Finalment, també apunta el nom de possibles responsables de la transcripció i de l’edició del text.
Inglaterra y la Monarquía hispana. La guerra anglo-española de 1625-1630 y el conflicto europeo
Authors: Sanz Camañes Porfirio
Published: October 2019

Los esporádicos enfrentamientos hispano-ingleses, entre 1625 y 1630, tuvieron como telón de fondo el gran conflicto europeo que estaba arrasando, sobre todo, el centro y norte de Europa. España e Inglaterra se vieron arrastrados a un conflicto con implicaciones dinásticas y tintes confesionales. Madrid y Londres tuvieron que movilizar más recursos para financiar sus prolongadas campañas militares, lo que condujo a un incremento en los costos de la defensa y a una mayor presión fiscal sobre sus reinos, como sucedió a partir de la década de 1620. Debido a las fuertes demandas de la guerra, las monarquías inglesa y española buscaron potenciales aliados en un contexto europeo cada vez más complejo. España e Inglaterra pudieron superar sus posiciones irreconciliables en la necesidad mutua de entenderse y valorar su neutralidad por encima de otras razones para hacer frente a los obstáculos parlamentarios y a las resistencias políticas y sociales, intentando alcanzar acuerdos o alianzas dinásticas, alejadas de la beligerancia.
Brexit a liberalna teoria stosunków międzynarodowych.
Authors: Niedźwiecki Artur
Published: October 2019

Hereby paper is dedicated to the issue of Brexit in the context of liberal theory of international relations, mainly by adoption of the qualitative method of textual examination of selected works, devoted to the abovementioned paradigm. The hypothesis of this article is a statement that liberal approach has a limited applicability to description of community disintegration mechanisms, including Brexit as their unquestionable syndrome. Existing theories of European integration, of which liberalism is one of the most influential theoretical schemes, reveal several malfunctions in exploration of Union’s decomposition processes, however, on the other hand, some of their specific components still remain valid. The above issue exposes a demand for investigating new tools and researching methods to scrutinize current trends in the European Union that would allow to review the present state of this organization in a more adequate manner.
Sposób głosowania w parlamencie brytyjskim – pomiędzy tradycją a funkcjonalnością
Authors: Danel Łukasz
Published: October 2019

The paper is devoted to the method of voting, which is typical for the British Parliament. This method is referred to as “division”, because both Members of Parliament (MPs) and Lords are literally divided into two groups – supporters and opponents of the issue being voted – and cast their vote in special rooms called division lobbies.
The author presents the process of such “division” and explains some additional issues related to voting and the rules that are used to determine its final results. The paper also describes successful and failed attempts to change this system that took place at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. Using legal and institutional analysis method, the author explains why this system is so persistent, and proves the thesis that despite some minor modifications that have been made to it, one should not expect it to be replaced by some form of electronic voting.
Domniemanie przyjęcia poprawki senackiej jako konstytucyjny standard procesu legislacyjnego
Authors: Kazalska Olga
Published: October 2019

On 5 August 2015, at the plenary sitting of the Sejm, was submitted the motion to adopt the Senate’s amendments. Despite obtaining an absolute majority of votes, the Marshal of the Sejm declared their rejection by the Sejm. Doubts regarding the compliance with all the requirements of the legislative procedure prompted the President of the Republic of Poland to bring the case to the Constitutional Tribunal for consideration. It was necessary to determine whether the presumption of adoption of the Senate amendment, adopted in the Constitution of 1997, is a regulation on the essential elements of the legislative procedure, violation of which determines unconstitutionality of the legislative act.
„Sprawa Sahary Zachodniej” – znaczenie instytucji sądowych Unii Europejskiej dla stosowania mechanizmu ocen skutków ochrony praw człowieka w sferze stosunków handlowych z państwami trzecimi
Authors: Szepelak Katarzyna
Published: October 2019

Article presents the problem of applying human rights impact assessments by the EU institutions in the trade relations with the third countries and influence of case-law of judiciary institutions of European Union on the development of said instrument. For that purpose instrument of human rights impact assessments was presented along with the good practices regarding normative scope of assessments and desired methodology. Practical analysis of the instrument’s application were exemplified by the description of the EU-Morocco trade agreements influence on human rights of the people of Western Sahara. For that purpose author elaborates on the landmark case-law of the ECJ and EU GC in case of Front Polisario and examines the documents issued in the process of negotiation of the new trade deal within the EU and the Kingdom of Morocco.
The problem of racism in European football
Authors: Tartak Jakub
Published: October 2019

The paper addresses racism as a key contemporary challenge to safety at football matches in Europe. The hypothesis is that racism does occur in the sports environment. To prepare the paper, press excerpts and scholarly publications on racism were used. To interpret the material, comparative method was used, so as to present the environments that harm safety in sports. The goal was to demonstrate the role of education in fighting discrimination in contemporary European football and the need to care for security culture in football. It is because football stadiums become arenas for expressing political and ideological views, as well as for racist at-tacks. The author points at the role of mass media and public entities in shaping social atti-tudes concerning racism in sports. He also indicates shortcomings in the law and in the activi-ties of the institutions overseeing sportspeople’s and sports activists’ safety. The conclusion is that the upbringing of society as regards tolerance and respect must become a priority in fighting racism in sports. Further research should focus on the education of children and ado-lescents and on introducing costly and effective sanctions for the individuals and entities that violate the rule of respecting one’s sports competitor.
Regulatory Approaches to Facebook and Other Social Media Platforms: Towards Platforms Design Accountability
Authors: Mazúr Ján , Patakyová Mária T.
Published: October 2019

The paper represents a contribution to the ongoing discussion on regulating social media platforms (SMP) and especially Facebook, mostly fueled by a recent series of scandals such as Cambridge Analytica, which highlighted the recognized problem of Facebook’s lack of accountability. In response to the scandal, which coincided with long-expected wide-scale implementation of the EU’s GDPR, Facebook introduced a series of measures on its platform, such as improved traceability of advertisers, or greater power over one’s own data. Besides, Facebook was put under scrutiny of competition law authorities, mainly the German Bundeskartellamt. Taking into consideration all the regulatory approaches, the question remains whether sufficiently effective design for holding the SMPs accountable has been established or not. In the paper, we first outline the accountability issues SMPs currently face, namely the data handling and privacy issue, the platforms’ impact on political processes, or related monopolistic positioning. We ascertain that common denominator of these issues is the platforms’ design, which is created to achieve business objectives, while imposing substantial negative externalities on the society. Alongside, we review the platforms’ reactions, i.e. the self-regulatory measures adopted by the platforms in 2017–2018. We also specifically focus on the evaluation of the competition law as one instrument of regulating certain aspects of the platforms, especially in light of the recent German Bundeskartellamt decision on Facebook. We claim that most of the measures and current instruments, although improving the lack of accountability, fall short of addressing the core issue of Facebook’s status – absence of scrutiny over the platform’s design.
Goffman's Theory as a Framework for Analysis of Self Presentation on Online Social Networks
Authors: Merunková Lucie , Šlerka Josef
Published: October 2019

To investigate how people form their identity on social networks and control the impressions they invoke in their audiences, we analyzed personal profiles of 50 university student Facebook users using Erving Gofmann´s dramaturgical theory. We identified five basic forms through which users create and present their identities: The Public diary, The Influencer, The Entertainer, Job and education and Hobby, as well as the appropriate secondary roles performed by users who interact with them.These findings are corroborated by 8 semi-structured interviews with respondents, which enable a more in-depth exploration of the way they use Facebook, the social interactions they participate in, their motivation for posting contributions, and how they engage in impression management, perceive privacy and resolve issues caused by multiple audiences.A better understanding of how privacy is conceived and what motivates users to share their personal information online is essential for public authorities’ cooperation on shaping company privacy policies and creation of appropriate legal regulations.The key results confirm the presence of conscious effort to make a desired impression and prove Goffman’s theory of face-to-face interactions to be relevant in the context of online social networks.
„Vidia ma?“ Zdanie, že sa niekto pozerá, zvyšuje čestnosť v modifikovanej hre Diktátor
Authors: Mentel Andrej , Žihlavníková Romana
Published: October 2019

V této studii jsme zkoumali vliv zrcadla umístěného před účastníky na čestnost v modifikované hře Diktátor s explicitním pravidlem „Vezmi si jen jeden kousek odměny“. Očekávali jsme, že za experimentální podmínky se účastníci budou chovat čestně s vyšší pravděpodobností. První studie byla vykonána na skupině předškoláků, a to v uspořádání s jednou skupinou a opakovanou administrací. Administrace s experimentální podmínkou se uskutečnila dva týdny po prvním kole. Ve druhé studii jsme použili uspořádání se dvěma skupinami a jednou administrací; účastníky byli vysokoškolští studenti. V obou případech byly šance čestné hry za přítomnosti zrcadla signifikantně vyšší. Tyto výsledky jsou vyšší než ty, které jsou známé ze starších výzkumů využívajících jednoduchou hru Diktátor, což naznačuje, že v tomto uspořádání může hrát významnou úlohu proces hodnocení vlastního chování vyvolaný objektivním sebeuvědomováním.
Rural as Periphery Per Se? Unravelling the Discursive Node
Authors: Plüschke-Altof Bianka
Published: October 2019

Despite often being used interchangeably, the dominant equation of the rural with the peripheral is not self-evident. In order to critically scrutinize the discursive node, the aim of this article is twofold. On one hand, it argues for overcoming the prevalent urban‒rural divide and dominant structural approaches in sociological and geographical research by introducing discursive peripheralization as a conceptual framework, which allows the analysis of the discursive (re-)production of socio-spatial inequalities on and between different scales. On the other hand, this article explores how rural areas are constituted as peripheries within a hegemonic discourse naturalizing the ascription of development (non-)potentials. Following a critical discourse analysis approach, this will be illustrated in the case of periphery constructions in Estonian national print media.
Sociologická teorie jako oblast mezinárodní spolupráce
Authors: Berger Peter Ludwig
Published: October 2019

Text je přepisem přednášky, kterou Peter L. Berger pronesl na půdě Filozofi cké fakulty Univerzity Karlovy v Praze roku 1967, kam byl pozván nově obnovenou katedrou sociologie pod vedením Eduarda Urbánka.
The Initial Years of Motherhood and Fatherhood as Perceived by Expectant Parents: The Division of Care and Paid Work
Authors: Nešporová Olga
Published: October 2019

This study provides an outline of plans and norms regarding the first years of fatherhoodand motherhood and focuses on the division of care and paid work between Czech parents. It is basedon 32 interviews conducted with expectant parents from dual-earner heterosexual couples. The ideals andplans of the expectant parents embedded in real life options were studied and analysed in order to identifyvarious care models to be employed over the first three years of parenthood. In all three principal caremodels revealed by the study sample, the fathers continued to work full time while the plans of the motherswere more varied. The models were classified as 1) the long-term full-time mother care model, 2) the longtermpart-time mother care model, and 3) the short-term mother care model. The intra-couple comparativeanalysis revealed common discrepancies between the plans of the partners regarding the employmentof the mother and the use of non-parental childcare. Expectant fathers more often professed traditionalconservative views than their female partners.
Kultura mezi materialitou a diskursem: případ Higgsova bosonu a „božské částice“
Authors: Váňa Jan
Published: October 2019

The article discusses the neglect that cultural sociology pays to the sciences and technology.Even though the “strong program” in cultural sociology claims that cultural meanings exist in every socialfact, its research focuses mainly on culture in a narrow sense, e.g. ethics, aesthetics, politics, memory, religionetc. I overcome this shortcoming by development of two approaches: 1) ethnography of a scientific facilitybased on science and technology studies (STS); and 2) cultural-sociological analysis of symbols, discoursesand narratives related to the research of a subatomic particle called the Higgs boson. Re-interpretingethnographic studies conducted at CERN and sociological research focused on quantum physics, the articledemonstrates that media and popular-cultural discourses on the Higgs boson are tightly related to its materialaspects. While the strong program traditionally presumes the arbitrariness of symbolic structures, the“iconic turn” in cultural sociology stresses the importance of the aesthetic material surface in the resultingmeaning. Conceiving the Higgs boson as a “secular icon”, we can see that the practically oriented actions ofresearchers at CERN relate to cultural meanings that reach far beyond the “laboratory” of quantum physics.
Dlouhověkost jako nová otázka sociálních věd
Authors: Honelová Michaela , Petrová Kafková Marcela
Published: October 2019

Longevity represents, in the sociology of aging, and not only in the Czech Republic,a relatively new and little considered topic. Due to the significant increase in long-life in developed countries,including the Czech Republic, the issue is substantial. This article aims to support the discussion of longevityissues in the social sciences in the Czech environment. Above all it focuses on introducing the conceptof resilience as a possible explanation for the longevity of some and the disability of other older adults. It seemsthat this originally psychological concept offers a satisfactory explanation of the determinants and factorsof increasing longevity and its distinct diversity. For example, current knowledge seems to indicate that thehigher longevity of women can be explained by their higher resilience, typically mobilized after widowhood.
České normativní skóry Beckovy škály depresivity: metaanalýza
Authors: Gottfried Jaroslav
Published: October 2019

Úvodem je představena historie lokální adaptace a standardizace Beckovy škály depresivity spolu se sociodemografickými proměnnými potenciálně ovlivňujícími získané skóry. Jádro studie se skládá z rešerše dosavadních výzkumů předkládajících českou adaptaci metody neklinickým či klinicky depresivním lidem. Získané deskriptivní statistiky byly použity pro metaanalytický odhad populačních parametrů skórů. Výsledky metaanalýzy ukazují vliv formy administrace na výsledný skór, kdy online forma způsobuje průměrné zvýšení skóru o více než tři body. I přes kontrolu formy administrace lze napříč studiemi sledovat výraznou heterogenitu průměrných skórů a směrodatných odchylek, která komplikuje odhad populačních parametrů. Pravděpodobnými příčinami rozdílů je výběrové zkreslení vzorku a kontextové efekty administrace. Kvůli výrazné heterogenitě skórů výzkumných vzorků je do budoucna žádoucí prozkoumat možný vliv těchto zkreslení i u jiných metod. Na základě odhadnutých populačních parametrů a teoretických předpokladů bylo následně simulováno rozložení populačních dat, které bylo použito pro stanovení přibližných cut-off skórů pro diagnostické účely. Na závěr jsou výsledky porovnány s výsledky zahraničních metaanalýz a jsou shrnuta doporučení ohledně používání Beckovy škály depresivity pro budoucí výzkum i pro praktickou diagnostiku. Závěry studie limituje především malé množství studií zahrnutých do metaanalýzy, heterogenita skórů napříč studiemi a nesplněný předpoklad normálního rozložení skórů.
Londýnská věž: Recenze metody
Authors: Pírko Martin , Čeněk Jiří
Published: October 2019

Londýnská věž (Tower of London; dále ve zkratce ToL) je třídimenzionální performační neverbální zkoušku exekutivních funkcí (přesněji plánování nebo řešení problémů). Test je určen pro dospělé od 18 let věku až do stáří. Česká verze ToL je dlouho očekávaným standardizovaným nástrojem s vcelku adekvátními českými normami, který je velice jednoduše administrovatelný, zabere málo času a jež má kvalitně zpracované testové materiály. Nepochybnou výhodou ToL je také jeho dostupnost. Jisté pochybnosti mohou vzbuzovat analýzy reliability metody, ale nízká reliabilita je u testů exekutivních funkcí očekávatelná. Validita metody se pro užití v rámci odlišení poruch plánování od normy jeví adekvátní. Přes mírné nedostatky můžeme ToL doporučit s jistou opatrností k užívání odborníky.
N-acetylcysteine for Management of Distal Intestinal Obstruction Syndrome
Authors: Schauble Abigail L. , Bisaccia Elizabeth K. , Lee Grace , Nasr Samya Z.
Published: October 2019

With the improving life expectancy of cystic fibrosis patients, new manifestations of the disease are emerging. Distal intestinal obstruction syndrome is one of the increasingly noted complications. Traditionally this syndrome was treated surgically. N-acetylcysteine is sometimes used as a non-surgical treatment option despite lack of definitive evidence for its efficacy and safety and not being mentioned in current treatment guidelines. The existing case reports suggest that N-acetylcysteine may have a place in therapy for older patients with incomplete distal intestinal obstruction syndrome to relieve the initial obstruction or following disimpaction to ensure clearance of remaining ileus and to prevent obstruction recurrence. In younger patients (e.g., <3 years of age), efficacy of N-acetylcysteine has been controversial and its use has been associated with drug-induced liver injury and hypernatremia. In the cases included in this review, 4% N-acetylcysteine was the formulation most commonly used. Since higher concentrations have been associated with increased adverse effects and mucosal injury, lower concentrations and dosages should be used when using N-acetylcysteine until further evidence becomes available. Proper administration technique and monitoring parameters are not well defined in current literature. Prospective, well-designed clinical trials are lacking and would be helpful to better define the role of N-acetylcysteine in distal intestinal obstruction syndrome.
Inborn Errors of Metabolism in Pediatric Epilepsy
Authors: Cosnahan Anna S. , Campbell Christopher T.
Published: October 2019

Patients with refractory epilepsy from inborn errors of metabolism typically present as neonates. Direct supplementation with the deficient vitamin or cofactor is recommended, and case series report both efficacy and safety data of these agents. Some conditions may also occur together, necessitating multiple treatments. Despite effective and early treatment, patients are at heightened risk for neurological sequela. The literature on seizures related to metabolic deficiencies for pediatric patients is limited but has some guidance on appropriate dosing and monitoring for agents to target specific deficiencies, which may help with narrowing antiepileptic therapies, reducing side effects, and improving neurodevelopmental outcomes and quality of life. The focus of this review is to discuss the pharmacotherapy, including the most updated published efficacy and safety data, involved in treating refractory epilepsy as a result of metabolic errors.
Evaluation of Different Methods Used to Calculate Ideal Body Weight in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Kang Kai , Absher Randy , Farrington Elizabeth , Ackley Renee , So Tsz-Yin
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVES Accurate determination of ideal body weight (IBW) in pediatric patients is important for the proper dosing of many medications and the classification of nutritional status. There is no consensus on the best method to calculate IBW. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare 7 different methods used to calculate IBW in the pediatric population.

METHODS This was a retrospective observational study. All subjects were pediatric inpatients at a 536-bed community teaching hospital between January 1, 2016, and June 30, 2017. Subjects were divided into 2 cohorts: cohort 1 was aged 12 months and 0 day to 35 months and 30 days, and cohort 2 was aged 36 months and 0 day to 17 years and 364 days. The McLaren method was used as the reference to compare with 6 other methods: Moore method, Devine method, American Dietetic Association (ADA) method, body mass index (BMI) method, Traub equation, and simplified Traub equation.

RESULTS For cohort 1 (n = 347), the Moore method was not statistically different from the McLaren method with a mean difference of −0.07 kg (95% CI: −0.14 to 0.01, p = 0.07). For cohort 2 (n = 1095), the BMI method was not statistically different from the McLaren method with a mean difference of 0.17 kg (95% CI: −0.07 to 0.40, p = 0.17).

CONCLUSIONS In both cohorts, the majority of methods used to calculate IBW in pediatric patients leads to statistically different results when compared with the McLaren method. For certain methods, these differences become pronounced at high and low height percentiles and in older age groups.
Ototoxicity and Nephrotoxicity With Elevated Serum Concentrations Following Vancomycin Overdose: A Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Uda Kazuhiro , Suwa Junichi , Ito Kenta , Hataya Hiroshi , Horikoshi Yuho
Published: October 2019

Although a high vancomycin serum concentration is known to be associated with nephrotoxicity, its association with ototoxicity is not well known. The purpose of our study was to examine the latter association in pediatric patients, especially in cases of accidental overdose. Pediatric patients who received vancomycin at our facility between March 2010 and December 2015 with a serum trough concentration > 30 mg/L were enrolled. Age, sex, neonatal hearing screening results, estimated peak vancomycin serum concentration, duration of drug exposure, renal function, and hearing test results were collected. The estimated duration of concentrations above 30 or 80 mg/L were simulated with the Sawchuk-Zaske method. We defined a “high concentration” and “toxic concentration” of vancomycin as 30 to 80 mg/L and > 80 mg/L, respectively. Ototoxicity was assessed based on the auditory brain stem response. We identified 4 females and 2 males with normal hearing at birth. Four of the 6 patients were ≤ 3 months old. All the patients reached an estimated peak serum concentration of > 80 mg/L, and 5 exceeded 150 mg/L. The estimated duration of exposure to a high concentration and toxic concentration of vancomycin was 15 to 62 hours and 8 to 43 hours, respectively. All the patients experienced transient renal dysfunction. Although transient ototoxicity was found in 1 patient, prolonged ototoxicity was not observed in any of the patients. All the patients had received an accidental overdose of vancomycin. Prolonged hearing loss due to a high vancomycin serum concentration was not found in any of the subjects in the present report.
Comparison of Mismatch Repair Status Between Primary and Matched Metastatic Sites in Patients With Colorectal Cancer
Authors: He Wen-Zhuo , Hu Wan-Ming , Wang Fang , Rong Yu-Ming , Yang Lin , Xie Qian-Kun , Yang Yuan-Zhong , Jiang Chang , Qiu Hui-Juan , Lu Jia-Bin , Zhang Bei , Ding Pei-Rong , Xia Xiao-Jun , Shao Jian-Yong , Xia Liang-Ping
Published: October 2019

Background: Differences between the features of primary cancer and matched metastatic cancer have recently drawn attention in research. This study investigated the concordance in microsatellite instability (MSI) and mismatch repair (MMR) status between primary and corresponding metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: Consecutive patients with metastatic CRC who had both primary and metastatic tumors diagnosed at our institution in January 2008 through December 2016 were identified. Immunohistochemistry was used to test the MMR status of both primary and matched metastatic tumors, and PCR analysis was performed to test MSI in patients with deficient MMR (dMMR) status. Results: A total of 369 patients were included. Of the 46 patients with MSI-high primary tumors, 37 (80.4%) also had MSI-high metastatic tumors, whereas 9 (19.6%) had microsatellite stable (MSS) metastatic tumors. A high concordance was found in patients with liver, lung, or distant lymph node metastases. Interestingly, the discrepancy was more likely to be limited to peritoneal (5/20) or ovarian (4/4) metastasis (chi-square test, P<.001). These organ-specific features were also found in the pooled analysis. Along with the change of MSI-high in primary cancer to MSS in metastatic cancer, lymphocyte infiltration decreased significantly (P=.008). However, the change did not influence survival; the median overall survival of MSI-high and MSS metastatic tumors was 21.3 and 21.6 months, respectively (P=.774). The discrepancy rate was 1.6% for patients with proficient MMR primary tumors. Conclusions: For patients with dMMR primary tumors, the concordance of MSI and MMR status in primary CRC and corresponding metastatic cancer is potentially organ-specific. High concordance is found in liver, lung, and distant lymph node metastases, whereas discrepancy is more likely to occur in peritoneal or ovarian metastasis. Rebiopsy to evaluate MSI-high/dMMR status might be needed during the course of anti–PD-1 therapy in cases of peritoneal or ovarian metastasis.
Impact of Surgical Resection on Survival Outcomes After Chemoradiotherapy in Anal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Richard , Shinde Ashwin , Fakih Marwan , Sentovich Stephen , Melstrom Kurt , Nelson Rebecca , Glaser Scott , Chen Yi-Jen , Goodman Karyn , Amini Arya
Published: October 2019

Background: Anal adenocarcinoma is a rare malignancy with a poor prognosis, and no randomized data are available to guide management. Prior retrospective analyses offer differing conclusions on the benefit of surgical resection after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in these patients. We used the National Cancer Database (NCDB) to analyze survival outcomes in patients undergoing CRT with and without subsequent surgical resection. Methods: Patients with adenocarcinoma of the anus diagnosed in 2004 through 2015 were identified using the NCDB. Patients with metastatic disease and survival <90 days were excluded. We analyzed patients receiving CRT and stratified by receipt of surgical resection. Logistic regression was used to evaluate predictors of use of surgery and to form a propensity score–matched cohort. Overall survival (OS) was compared between treatment strategies using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: We identified 1,747 patients with anal adenocarcinoma receiving CRT, of whom 1,005 (58%) received surgery. Predictors of increased receipt of surgery included age <65 years, private insurance, overlapping involvement of the anus and rectum, N0 disease, and external-beam radiation dose ≥4,000 cGy. With a median follow-up of 3.5 years, 5-year OS was 61.1% in patients receiving CRT plus surgery compared with 39.8% in patients receiving CRT alone (log-rank P<.001). In multivariate analysis, surgery was associated with significantly improved OS (hazard ratio, −0.59; 95% CI, 0.50–0.68; P<.001). This survival benefit persisted in a propensity score–matched cohort (log-rank P<.001). Conclusions: In the largest series of anal adenocarcinoma cases to date, treatment with CRT followed by surgery was associated with a significant survival benefit compared with CRT alone in propensity score–matching analysis. Our findings support national guideline recommendations of neoadjuvant CRT followed by resection for patients with anal adenocarcinoma.
Responsiveness to Resistance-Based Multimodal Exercise Among Men With Prostate Cancer Receiving Androgen Deprivation Therapy
Authors: Taaffe Dennis R. , Newton Robert U. , Spry Nigel , Joseph David J. , Galvão Daniel A.
Published: October 2019

Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in the management of prostate cancer (PCa) results in an array of adverse effects, and exercise is one strategy to counter treatment-related musculoskeletal toxicities. This study assessed the prevalence of exercise responsiveness in men with PCa undergoing ADT in terms of body composition, muscle strength, and physical function. Methods: Prospective analyses were performed in 152 men (aged 43–90 years) with PCa receiving ADT who were engaged in resistance exercise combined with aerobic or impact training for 3 to 6 months. Whole-body lean mass and fat mass (FM), trunk FM, and appendicular skeletal muscle were assessed with dual x-ray absorptiometry; upper and lower body muscle strength were assessed with the one-repetition maximum; and physical function was assessed with a battery of tests (6-m usual, fast, and backward walk; 400-m walk; repeated chair rise; stair climb). Results: Significant improvements were seen (P<.01) in lean mass (0.4±1.4 kg [range, −2.8 to +4.1 kg]), appendicular skeletal muscle (0.2±0.8 kg [range, −1.9 to +1.9 kg]), and all measures of muscle strength (chest press, 2.9±5.8 kg [range, −12.5 to +37.5 kg]; leg press, 29.2±27.6 kg [range, −50.0 to +140.0 kg]) and physical function (from −0.1±0.5 s [range, +1.3 to −2.1 s] for the 6-m walk; to −8.6±15.2 s [range, +25.2 to −69.7 s] for the 400-m walk). An increase in FM was also noted (0.6±1.8 kg [range, −3.6 to +7.3 kg]; P<.01). A total of 21 men did not exhibit a favorable response in at least one body composition component, 10 did not experience improved muscle strength, and 2 did not have improved physical function. However, all patients responded in at least one of the areas, and 120 (79%) favorably responded in all 3 areas. Conclusions: Despite considerable heterogeneity, most men with PCa receiving ADT responded to resistance-based multimodal exercise, and therefore our findings indicate that this form of exercise can be confidently prescribed to produce beneficial effects during active treatment.