bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imperfect Accomplishment: The Fo Guang Shan Short-Term Monastic Retreat and Ethical Pedagogy in Humanistic Buddhism
Authors: Laidlaw James , Mair Jonathan
Published: August 2019

Fo Guang Shan (佛光山; Buddha’s Light Mountain), an international Buddhist movement headquartered in Taiwan, regularly runs what it calls a short-term monastic cultivation retreat, a week-long residential program designed to provide lay members with an opportunity for intensive cultivation (修養; xiuyang or 修行; xiuxing). Contributions to the anthropology of ethics have recently drawn sharp distinctions between ordered, systematic ethics associated especially with religious traditions, and the compromise and accommodation that result from the exigencies of everyday life. This retreat, we argue, shows that the experience of ethical shortcomings can be a positive instrument and aspect of religious striving. While much debate in the anthropology of ethics assumes an a priori conceptual framework that opposes ordinary or everyday exigency to ordered transcendence, exigency and order in the Fo Guang Shan retreat are instead mutually constitutive and dynamically related. Here, failing and being corrected are not imperfections in, but central and ritually scripted elements of its ethical pedagogy.

摘要

總部設於臺灣的佛光山是具有世界影響力的佛教組織。其各地道場定期舉行之「短期出家修道會」活動通常持續一周，旨在為信眾提供密集修行機會。目前倫理人類學研究領域已明確區分了兩種道德實踐：其一為具有完美性和秩序性特質之系統，如宗教；其二為在日常生活應對道德困境時形成的具有折衷性和適應性的倫理。本研究透過分析佛光山「短期出家」活動，提出：（1）「不圓滿」體驗在個人宗教修行中具有獨特的積極促進作用；（2）兩種倫理是相輔相成，互動共生的。在佛光山「短期出家」中，活動參與者的行為錯誤與被矯並非通常認為的「不圓滿」所在，而是修行教育體系中至關重要的核心部分。

摘要

总部设于台湾的佛光山是具有世界影响力的佛教组织。其各地道场定期举行“短期出家修道会”，活动通常持续一周，旨在为信众提供密集修行机会。目前伦理人类学研究领域明确区分了两种道德实践：一是具有完美性和秩序性特质的系统，如宗教；二是在日常生活应对道德困境时形成的具有折衷性和适应性的伦理。本研究通过对佛光山“短期出家”活动的分析，提出：（1）“不圆满”体验在个人宗教修行中具有独特的积极促进作用；（2）两种伦理是相辅相成，动态共生的。在佛光山“短期出家”中，活动参与者的失败感与被矫正经验并非通常认为的“不圆满”所在，而恰是修行教育体系中至关重要的核心部分。
Embargoed exchanges: A critical analysis of emerging market dynamics in U.S. and Cuban academic exchange
Authors: Woodman Taylor C.
Published: August 2019

Internationalization continues to remain a central focus within the U.S. university environment. The motives of internationalization are under question as neoliberal policies continue to limit sustained, long-term state funding for universities and undermine the academic mission of universities. Universities are leveraging internationalization practices, like study abroad programming, in response to the pressures of neoliberalism. In this study, qualitative case study methods were used to critically examine study abroad programming between the United States (US) and Cuba before, during, and after the Obama Administration’s announcement changing diplomatic relations between the U.S. and Cuba on December 17, 2014. The perspectives of 12 of the main actors in the field, including educational administrators and faculty from U.S. universities, Cuban universities, and study abroad program providers, were captured to provide a more comprehensive view of study abroad implementation in Cuba.  The findings illustrate the influences of the neoliberal university environment in which study abroad programming is situated. These findings point to the prioritization of a market-based approach to study abroad programming, which amplifies inequities and power dynamics within north-south study abroad programs.
Construcción de un sistema de Educación Superior socialmente responsable en América Latina: Avances y desafíos
Authors: Martí-Noguera Juan José , Gaete Quezada Ricardo
Published: August 2019

Transcurridos cien años de la reforma universitaria de Córdoba, Argentina, el referir a una responsabilidad social de las Instituciones de Educación Superior en América Latina es objeto de atención del presente artículo. El sistema de Educación Superior es analizado desde el rol atribuido en su tercera misión. mediante una perspectiva interpretativo-hermenéutica, Se realiza un análisis e interpretación a una creciente presencia de legislaciones que incorporan este enfoque, así como de artículos científicos que describen las principales características y condiciones, en las cuales se desarrolla e incorporan modelos de responsabilidad social. Atendiendo a las pulsiones de un sistema global de Educación Superior, que regula oferta y establece parámetros de calidad, se discuten los cambios que ha tenido la Educación Superior en América Latina y la incidencia que puede tener en las instituciones atender a parámetros de acreditación de su responsabilidad social, para que contribuyan a responder ante los desafíos de la región.
Equidad en el acceso y la graduación en la Educación Superior: Reflexiones desde el Cono Sur
Authors: García de Fanelli Ana María , Adrogué Cecilia
Published: August 2019

El análisis de la equidad de los sistemas de educación superior que se han masificado en América Latina supone prestar especial atención a las chances que tienen los y las jóvenes de los sectores de menores ingresos de acceder y obtener un título. La región del Cono Sur constituye en tal sentido un caso de interés para apreciar cuáles son algunos resultados en términos de acceso y graduación de la aplicación, por un lado, de políticas selectivas de admisión, diversificación institucional y privatización (Chile) y, por el otro, acceso gratuito y sin restricciones en el sector público, en un entorno institucional diversificado en un caso (Argentina) o con baja diversificación institucional en el otro (Uruguay). El análisis comparativo de estos países revela la importancia de analizar no sólo las políticas públicas e institucionales de acceso, las fuentes de financiamiento y la evolución de los indicadores sobre acceso y graduación en cada caso, sino también lo que ocurre en términos de la diferenciación institucional, su asociación con la estratificación social y con la asignación de prestigio. Así los indicadores muestran mejoras en el tiempo, pero en contextos institucionales que mantienen ciertos patrones de desigualdad social.
La investigación en educación superior en Chile: Una perspectiva sobre patrones de publicación y temas emergentes
Authors: Muñoz-García Ana Luisa , Queupil Quilamán Juan Pablo , Bernasconi Andres , Véliz Calderón Daniela
Published: August 2019

En el contexto de un aumento en los últimos años de la producción de conocimiento en el área de estudios de educación superior en Chile, este artículo busca develar algunas de las tendencias que esa producción exhibe, así como los principales temas de investigación que ella aborda. Para ello, se revisan el número y distribución institucional de los proyectos de investigación financiados en el área, se presenta un análisis bibliométrico de las publicaciones del campo en Web of Science (WoS) y Scopus, y se ensaya un análisis de contenido de los trabajos indexados en WoS y en Scopus, todo ellos para el período 2005 a 2015. Nuestros resultados muestran una clara tendencia al alza en la cantidad de proyectos financiados y de artículos publicados. Las capacidades de investigación en este campo muestran estar distribuidas a través de varias universidades a lo largo de Chile, e involucrar no sólo a escuelas y facultades de educación, sino a otras unidades de diversos campos disciplinarios y profesionales.  Los temas que emergen del análisis de contenido pueden agruparse en cuatro líneas principales de investigación: currículum, enseñanza y aprendizaje, trayectorias y experiencias de los estudiantes, profesión académica, y políticas de educación superior.
The construction of knowledge on “quality” in higher education: A study of universities’ websites in India
Authors: Srivastava Anamika
Published: August 2019

In the context of India, the current paper studies the ways in which select public and private universities are representing themselves on their own website. In the process, the objective is to reveal what claims on “quality” in higher education (HE), are made by these universities; and how and why marketing power/knowledge influences these claims. Adhering to a critical realist discourse analysis approach, the paper not only describes the discourse on “quality” in HE on the selected universities’ websites but also makes an attempt to explain why marketing power/knowledge has come to have causal influence over the ways of knowing about “quality” in HE. Invoking, a moderate constructionist theory which is compatible with critical realism, it is accepted that knowledge on “quality” in HE is constructed discursively. However, these constructions are also shaped by non-discursive factors such as materiality, structural, institutional and physical embodied elements. The paper finds marketing power/knowledge is invested in the statements—both visual and textual, particularly on private universities’ websites. As mainstream marketing literature and practice recognize HE as a service and conceptualizes student/parent as a consumer, these universities’ websites have emerged  as a site of playing out internet marketing strategies. There is an emphasis on tangibilization of the so-called HE service so that a prospective “student/parent-consumer” can see and find it cognitively easy to understand “quality” in HE. Consequently, one finds an emphasis on the discourses of “rankings”, “recognitions”, and “infrastructure” on these websites. In addition to this, one also finds influence of post-modern marketing and post-modern attitude towards truth on these statements. Marketers believe more in the appeal of these statements than in their authenticity. However, instead of invoking a relativist approach where only cultural factors are invoked to explain these influences, this paper hints towards materiality such as the ephemerality of the web, among others, as causal factors shaping these discourses.
UNDERSTANDING OF THE BATIK LAWEYAN SOLO CREATOR FOR COPYRIGHT (STUDY OF LAW NUMBER 28 OF 2014 CONCERNING COPYRIGHT)
Authors: Mauli Chandra Adi
Published: August 2019

The focus of the discussion in this study is the First Copyright Law as an embodiment of penetration of the legal culture of Western (capitalist) countries with individualistic nuances as positive law. Secondly, the culture of the laws of the local community where the Copyright Law is applied as a living law in society (Living law). The purpose of this paper is to know and explain not the implementation of the law as a positive law (positive law) in this case what is meant is the Copyright Act, in an Indonesian society and the Batik Laweyan craftsmen in particular, so that it is expected to explain why Copyright Law cannot function optimally in Indonesia which is marked by the many violations or piracy of a copyrighted work. The method in this writing is a qualitative method with the Sociological Research approach, while the paradigm used as the basis is the Paradigm of Social Definition with the aim of understanding social behavior through interpretation by explaining the path of development and its consequences according to its causes. Based on the social definition paradigm, the theory used is interactionism theory, which mainly emphasizes sociopsychological perspectives, the main goal of which is the individual in his personal personality and the interaction between internal opinion and one's emotions with social behavior. With the Symbolic Interaction Theory approach, in this study will be able to further reveal the behavior of certain community groups by interacting with existing social behavior. And also with the Phenomenology Theory is that human action becomes a social relationship if humans give a certain meaning or meaning to their actions, and other human beings also understand their actions as appropriate which means that humans are social beings, so that the awareness of daily life is an absolute magnification. As for the study findings it turns out, the Copyright Act in the application in the Laweyan Batik Craftsman community is in conflict with the Javanese legal culture that promotes harmony between neighbors, ewuhpekeweuh, tepasliro, mutual cooperation. If the law of copyright is strictly enforced, it will result in disturbance of neighborly living conditions. Because most Batik Laweyan craftsmen live next to each other even there is still a kinship, so that when it comes to demanding or monopolizing a work, it will lead to neighboring reluctance. They assume that even the art of batik is their property from the property of their ancestors so that anyone can imitate and make it.
Abundance of Meiofauna and Physical-Chemical Parameters as Water Quality Indicator
Authors: Yusal Muh Sri , Marfai Muh Aris , Hadisusanto Suwarno , Khakhim Nurul
Published: August 2019

The zone of Losari Coast is an icon of Makassar city, however increase activity of surrounding communities causes a decrease in the water quality. Meiofauna is an effective benthic organism used as an indicator of water quality. This study assessed the meiofauna abundance and physical-chemical parameters as water quality indicator in the Losari Coast, Makassar. The sampling method in this study was purposive sampling. The resuts showed that total meiofauna abundance identified was 66791 indv.m-2, composed of 12 phylum and 91 species or genera. Stations at the estuary of the Jeneberang and Tallo River are two sites with high level of abundance, this condition allows presence of organic contaminants triggers the high growth of meiofauna in these locations. Dissolved Oxygen is below its supposed level in waters. Acidity, phosphate and nitrate content at some of research stations exceed the threshold of their allowed presence in waters set by Indonesia government. Ostracoda, oligochaeta, polychaeta, tunicata and ciliophora are phylums with a high level of abundance, because the phylum has  high adaptability to pollutant. Good water quality is indicated by a variety of biota living in the waters, the range of diversity and uniformity indices shows that meiofauna species are categorized highly diverse and evenly distributed. The dominance index shows that there is no species was dominant, except stations around  Losari reclamation project. Temperature, current velocity, depth, brightness, salinity, pH, DO, nitrate-seawater, and phosphate-seawater correlate with meiofauna abundance. The results as a consideration for the management or monitoring of coastal environments.
PENENTUAN VARIASI RASIO C/N OPTIMUM SAMPAH CAMPURAN (DEDAUNAN DAN SISA MAKANAN) TERHADAP KINERJA COMPOST SOLID PHASE MICROBIAL FUEL CELLS (CSMFC)
Authors: Lucitawati Erika , Rezagama Arya , Samudro Ganjar
Published: August 2019

Rasio C/N merupakan salah satu faktor penting pada proses pengomposan dan produksi listrik dalam compost solid phase microbial fuel cells (CSMFC). Rasio C/N menggambarkan nutrisi yang tersedia bagi mikroorganisme dalam CSMFC. Besarnya nilai rasio C/N yang terdapat dalam substrat yang digunakan mempengaruhi kinerja CSMFC. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan nilai rasio C/N yang optimum terhadap kinerja CSMFC. Variasi nilai rasio C/N yang digunakan yaitu 30:1, 40:1 dan 50:1. Kadar air diatur pada 60 %. Penelitian dilakukan secara batch selama 23 hari. Parameter yang diujikan berupa suhu, pH, kadar C Organik, N total, P total, K total, rasio C/N, power density, dan Coulombic efficiency. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja CSMFC yang optimum terdapat dalam reaktor dengan rasio C/N 30:1 dengan nilai suhu, pH, kadar C Organik, N total, P total, K total, power density, dan Coulombic efficiency secara berturut-turut sebesar 7,1, 27,5 OC, 20,31%, 1,63%, 0,19%, 0,21%, 12,47, 48,02 mW/m2 dan 0,19%.
ANALISIS KOMPARATIF PERAN ADAT DAN KEPERCAYAAN DALAM PENINGKATAN KUALITAS LINGKUNGAN PERMUKIMAN BERKACA PADA ADAT YANG ADA DI PERMUKIMAN TRADISIONAL
Authors: Wardiha Made Widiadnyana
Published: August 2019

Pembangunan fasilitas air minum dan sanitasi secara swadaya merupakan salah satu cara untuk melibatkan masyarakat dalam program pembangunan. Walaupun masyarakat sudah dilibatkan, namun pemanfaatan fasilitas oleh masyarakat seringkali belum maksimal. Kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat menjadi salah satu faktor. Faktor lainnya yang kemungkinan berperan adalah karena kurang diperhatikannya aspek adat dan kepercayaan dalam proses pembangunan. Makalah ini mencoba mengkaji mengenai peran adat dan kepercayaan masyarakat dalam pembangunan fasilitas untuk meningkatkan kualitas lingkungan permukiman. Tujuannya adalah untuk memberikan salah satu aspek yang dapat diperhatikan apabila akan memberikan sosialisasi atau membangun infrastruktur sanitasi bagi masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini yaitu pengumpulan hasil-hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan dari tahun 2010 sampai tahun 2016 mengenai adat dan kepercayaan di permukiman tradisional yang berpengaruh terhadap perilaku sanitasi masyarakat, yang kemudian dikomparasi dengan hasil penelitian ilmiah lain mengenai peran adat dan kepercayaan dalam peningkatan kualitas lingkungan di masyarakat secara umum. Hasil penarikan kesimpulan pada kajian ini adalah bahwa adat dan kepercayaan merupakan aspek yang cukup kental terkait dengan kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia, dimana hal ini perlu diperhatikan dalam upaya peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat mengenai sanitasi dan program-program pembangunan bidang air minum dan sanitasi. Pelibatan para pemimpin adat di masyarakat serta penggunaan slogan atau motto yang bernuansa adat setempat juga dapat dilakukan dalam program seperti sosialisasi kepada masyarakat.
STUDI PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH PLASTIK DI PANTAI KUTA SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR MINYAK
Authors: Wedayani Ni Made
Published: August 2019

Sampah plastik merupakan salah satu indikator pencemar pantai, terlebih pada musim tertentu sampah plastik di lautan akan singgah ke tepi pantai sehingga mengganggu fungsi pantai sebagai tempat rekreasi. Permasalahan sampah ini juga menjadi masalah bagi sebagian pantai di Bali termsuk Pantai Kuta. Sebagai salah satu ikon wisata Bali sudah seharusnya Pantai kuta terbebas dari sampah plastik, sehingga pengolahan sampah plastik dirasa perlu untuk diusahakan. Adapun alternatif penanganan sampah plastik yang saat ini banyak diteliti dan dikembangkan adalah mengubah sampah plastik menjadi bahan bakar. Mengubah sampah plastik menjadi bahan bakar minyak dapat dilakukan dengan proses cracking. Ada tiga macam proses yaitu hydro cracking, thermal cracking dan catalytic cracking. Bahan bakar dihasilkan dari cracking sampah plastik tergantung pada jenis plastik, proses retak yang digunakan, katalis jenis, suhu pyrolisis dan suhu kondensor. Bahan bakar dari sampah plastik ini diharapkan dapat mensubstitusi bahan bakar solar. Selain diubah menjadi bahan bakar, plastik juga dapat diolah menjadi bahan pembuat karbon aktif
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH TAHU SKALA RUMAH TANGGA MENJADI BIOGAS SEBAGAI UPAYA TEKNOLOGI BERSIH DI LABORATORIUM PUSAT TEKNOLOGI LINGKUNGAN – BPPT
Authors: Nisrina Hanifah , Andarani Pertiwi
Published: August 2019

Limbah cair yang dihasilkan industri tahu sangat merugikan lingkungan jika tidak dilakukan pengolahan terlebih dahulu. Namun, limbah cair tahu dapat diolah secara anaerob sehingga menghasilkan biogas. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya potensi biogas yang dapat dihasilkan dari limbah cair tahu sebagai upaya dalam teknologi bersih serta mengetahui kelayakannya dari aspek ekonomi dan lingkungan. Penelitian dilakukan pada industri tahu skala rumah tangga yang berlokasi di Desa Puspiptek, Tangerang Selatan dengan metode digesti anaerobik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa selama waktu tinggal 14 hari, limbah tahu menghasilkan biogas sebesar 1.525 liter dengan penurunan kandungan COD sebesar 8,1% dari 748,75 mg/L menjadi 688,125 mg/L, Total Solid sebesar 56,9% dari 16,36 g/L menjadi 7,049 g/L, dan Volatile Solid sebesar 66,3% dari 14,85 g/L menjadi 5,001 g/L. Hasil analisis simulasi kelayakan biogas berdasarkan aspek ekonomi berupa Harga Pokok Penjualan (HPP) Rp7.342 per kg, BEP 109.500 kg/tahun, dan PBP 0,48 dengan pengolahan limbah tahu sebesar 5676 liter per hari, menghasilkan biogas sebanyak 5,174 m3 per hari. Banyak sekali manfaat yang didapat dari pemanfaatan limbah menjadi biogas, baik dari aspek ekonomi, lingkungan, maupun sosial
APLIKASI BOX MODEL SEDERHANA UNTUK ESTIMASI KONSENTRASI POLUTAN BLACK CARBON DI ATMOSFER
Authors: Huboyo Haryono Setiyo , Samadikun Budi Prasetyo
Published: August 2019

Box Model adalah salah satu pemodelan kualitas udara yang menggunakan formulasi matematis parameter-parameter yang mempengaruhi konsentrasi polutan di udara yaitu berupa arah dan kecepatan angin, serta ketinggian. Black carbon adalah komponen utama jelaga dan dihasilkan dari pembakaran bahan bakar fosil dan biomassa yang tidak sempurna serta memiliki dampak pemanasan pada iklim 460-1500 kali lebih kuat dari CO2. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui estimasi konsentrasi polutan black carbon di atmosfer dengan menggunakan pemodelan Box Model. Pengukuran PM2.5 menggunakan HVAS (High Volume Air Sampler) dengan metode gravimetri kemudian pengujian black carbon pada PM2,5 menggunakan metode reflektansi dengan menggunakan EEL Smokestain Reflectometer, kemudian melakukan perhitungan estimasi black carbon dengan box model. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada lima titik yang tersebar di kota Semarang sebanyak tiga kali pengukuran. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa rata-rata perhitungan estimasi black carbon menggunakan box model  tidak jauh berbeda atau relatif sama dengan rata-rata hasil pengujian black carbon yang didapatkan dari sampel pengukuran di lapangan
KAJIAN PERUBAHAN TATAGUNA LAHAN TERHADAP TINGKAT BAHAYA EROSI DI DAS DENGKENG
Authors: Sarminingsih Anik
Published: August 2019

Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Dengkeng merupakan salah satu Sub DAS Bengawan Solo Hulu, yang sebagian besar wilayahnya berada di kabupaten Klaten Jawa Tengah.DAS Dengkeng terindikasi sebagai salah satu DAS kritis dengan potensi rawan banjir cukup besar.Salah satu penyebab banjir adalah sungai yang semakin dangkal akibat erosi dan sedimentasi.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi perubahan tataguna lahan terhadap tingkat bahaya erosi.Prediksi Erosi didasarkan pada penelitian Wischmeier dan Smith yang menyajikan Persamaan Universal Soil Loss (USLE).Jumlah sedimen yang diangkut di sungai dengan mengalikan tingkat erosi dengan rasio pengiriman sedimen (SDR).Potensi erosi dan sedimentasi mengacu pada penggunaan lahan yang berbeda, yaitu 1990, 2000 dan 2011. Secara umum di DAS Dengkeng telah terjadi peningkatan rata-rata tingkat erosi dari 70.60  ton / ha / tahun pada tahun 1999 menjadi 76.82 ton / ha / tahun. 2011atau jika diklasifikasikan berdasarkan tingkat bahaya erosi dengan solum tanah dangkal, maka TBE tergolongsedang menuju ke berat.Peningkatan laju erosi tidak terlampu signifikan karena mayoritas penggunaan lahan adalah sawah.TBE yang tergolong berat berada pada wilayah lahan kering dengan kelerengan curam.
BIO-PESTISIDA BERBASIS EKSTRAK TEMBAKAU DARI LIMBAH PUNTUNG ROKOK UNTUK TANAMAN TOMAT (Lycopersicum esculentum)
Authors: Siswoyo Eko , Masturah Rahmah , Fahmi Nurul
Published: August 2019

Keberadaan limbah puntung rokok belum dimanfaatkan dengan baik dan hingga saat ini hanya dibuang sebagai sampah. Padahal tembakau dari limbah puntung rokok ini mempunyai potensi untuk dijadikan bio-pestisida untuk kegiatan pertaian yang ramah lingkungan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kualitas dan efisiensi tembakau dari puntung rokok sebagai bio-pestisida, mengetahui residu pada tomat diukur dengan instrumen Kromatografi Spektrometer-Massa (GC-MS) dan mengetahui intensitas serangan hama melalui metode ekstraksi maserasi. Senyawa kimia diperoleh dengan membandingkan daerah puncak kromatogram untuk setiap sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa senyawa Alkaloid dan Terpenoid sebagai bentuk senyawa kimia yang terkandung pada bio-pestisida. Residu biopestisida yang terdeteksi adalah asam heksadekanoat dan asam dodecanoik, kedua senyawa ini termasuk dalam asam lemak jenuh. Intensitas serangan hama pada tanaman tomat dengan penggunaan biopestisida pada tanaman yang terserang ulat adalah sebesar 21% termasuk dalam kategori sedang. Sedangkan untuk intensitas serangan hama pada tanaman tanpa penggunaan biopestisida adalah sebesar 69% dan termasuk dalam kategori serangan hama puso (paling berat). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa limbah puntung rokok mempunyai potensi yang cukup baik untuk dijadikan bio-pestisida menggantikan petisida yang ada di pasaran.
Pengaruh Penambahan Gula Pasir Terhadap Kualitas Makanan Kelinci dari Limbah Sayuran Pasar dengan Teknologi Fermentasi
Authors: Sutrisno Endro , Hadiwidodo Mochtar , Handayani Dwi Siwi , Wardhana Irawan Wisnu , Sabrina Azzura
Published: August 2019

Sampah merupakan masalah yang paling umum ditemui di Indonesia.  Peningkatan jumlah penduduk di Indonesia yang semakin meningkat menyebabkan meningkatnya jumlah sampah yang dihasilkan dan berdampak buruk bagi lingkungan. Berkembangnya Kota Semarang mengakibatkan jumlah penduduk di Kota Semarang meningkat disertai dengan peningkatan konsumsi masyarakat. Masyarakat di Kota Semarang dalam memenuhi kebutuhan konsumsi harian salah satunya dilakukan di pasar. Dengan meningkatnya tingkat konsumsi masyarakat di pasar mengakibatkan jumlah limbah padat organik pasar-pasar di Kota Semarang khususnya limbah sayuran ikut meningkat. Pemanfaatan limbah sayuran pasar biasanya dijadikan pupuk. Selain dimanfaatkan menjadi pupuk, limbah sayuran pasar dapat juga dijadikan pakan ternak yaitu pakan kelinci. Jika diolah menjadi pakan kelinci, sampah tersebut tidak hanya menjadi sebuah produk saja tetapi dari hasil pakan yang dikonsumsi oleh kelinci tersebut menghasilkan daging dengan kualitas yang baik serta menghasilkan pupuk organik hasil dari kotoran kelinci. Pemanfaatan limbah sayuran pasar ini dilakukan dengan pengolahan limbah sayuran pasar menjadi pakan kelinci dengan penambahan gula pasir sebagai sumber energi. Pengolahan limbah sayuran pasar menjadi pakan kelinci dilakukan dengan teknologi fermentasi. Proses fermentasi dilakukan selama 7 hari.
Penentuan Rasio Bahan Sampah Organik Optimum Terhadap Kinerja Compost Solid Phase Microbial Fuel Cells (CSMFCs)
Authors: Ariyanti Meishinta , Samudro Ganjar , Handayani Dwi Siwi
Published: August 2019

Compost Solid Phase Microbial Fuel Cells (CSMFCs) merupakan teknologi pengomposan yang diintegrasikan dengan sistem MFCs untuk menghasilkan kompos dan produksi biolistrik dari sampah padat organik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kinerja CSMFCs melalui penerapan perlakuan optimal dari penelitian terdahulu seperti, kadar air 60%, volume sampah 2/3 reaktor, dan penambahan bioaktivator. CSMFCs dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dalam kondisi batch menggunakan reaktor tipe single chamber dan dual anode graphene. Sampah daun dan sampah sisa makanan digunakan sebagai substrat dalam studi ini. Bahan sampah tersebut divariasikan berdasarkan rasio bahan (sampah daun:sampah sisa makanan) yaitu 100:0, 0:100, dan 50:50. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan kinerja CSMFCs yang optimum terdapat pada variasi sampah campuran keduanya dengan rasio bahan 50:50. Variasi ini dapat menghasilkan kompos yang baik, yaitu memenuhi SNI 19-7030-2004, serta produksi listrik yang cukup tinggi yaitu power density 41,6 mW/m2, coulombic efficiency 0,647% dan energy efficiency 0,0127%.
»das thierfriszt,der menschiszt«
Authors: Griebel Julia
Published: August 2019

Contemporary German shows a rigid lexical segregation between humans and animals (e. g.stillen/säugen›suckle/breastfeed‹,corpse/carcass›Leiche/Kadaver‹). This was not the case historically but only evolved in Early New High German and the beginning of the New High German period. This article lays out the emergence of the lexical boundary between humans and animals using the three lexical pairsessen/fressen›eat [human]/eat [animal]‹,trinken/saufen›drink [human]/drink [animal]‹ andschwanger/trächtig›pregnant [human]/pregnant [animal]‹ on the basis of extensive corpus and dictionary studies, and pursues the question why the segregation between human and animals emerged at all and why this happened in the 18th century.
Encapsulation of Vitamin C in Sesame Liposomes: Computational and Experimental Studies
Authors: Hudiyanti Dwi , Hamidi Noor Ichsan , Anugrah Daru Seto Bagus , Salimah Siti Nur Milatus , Siahaan Parsaoran
Published: August 2019

An experimental and computational study was carried out for encapsulation of vitamin C in sesame, Sesamum indicum L., liposomes. Based on computational studies, the packing parameter (P) of sesame phospholipids was found to be 0.64 ± 0.09. This indicates that the molecular shape of sesame phospholipids is in the form of truncated cone and, in aqueous solution, it self-assembles to form liposomes. In the liposomes, no chemical interaction was observed between phospholipid molecules and vitamin C. However, medium-strength hydrogen bonds (Ei) from -87.6 kJ/mol to -82.02 kJ/mol with bond lengths ranging from 1.746 Å to 1.827 Å were formed between vitamin C and phospholipid molecules. Because of this weak interaction, vitamin C gets released easily from the inner regions of liposome. Empirical experiments were performed to confirm the computation outcomes, where sesame liposomes were found to encapsulate almost 80% of vitamin C in their interior cavities. During the 8 days storage, release of vitamin C occurred gradually from the liposome system, which signifies week interactions in the liposome membranes amongst phospholipid molecules and vitamin C.
Choice for an Entrepreneurial Career: Do Cognitive Styles Matter?
Authors: Deprez Jana , Cools Eva , Robijn Wouter , Euwema Martin
Published: August 2019

Upon graduation, students make the decision to either become an entrepreneur or an employee. Numerous studies have thus investigated personal and environmental factors that impact this decision. As cognitive styles have become more and more important in determining individual and organisational behaviour, and as they are presumed to provide new valuable insights over and above other personal factors, they provide the ideal focus to further explore this career choice. In this article, we aim to explore how creating, planning, and knowing cognitive style relate to entrepreneurial attitudes, intentions, and career choices. Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour, in a first sample, we investigate the direct and indirect impact that cognitive styles have on entrepreneurial intention through attitudes. In our second sample, we look at how career preferences for entrepreneurship or a more traditional career as an employee are affected by cognitive styles. Using structural equation modelling analysis, this study finds evidence for the importance of creating cognitive style on entrepreneurial outcomes. Additionally, we find evidence for the relationship between planning cognitive style and wanting to be an employee. Knowing style does not lead to either preference. This paper extends the current knowledge on cognitive styles and entrepreneurship by analysing the impact of other cognitive styles than the predominantly used innovative styles and by also exploring its impact on important antecedents of entrepreneurial intentions, such as entrepreneurial attitude and career preferences.
A Serbian version of the ANPS and its link to the five-factor model of personality
Authors: Montag Christian , Davis Kenneth L. , Lazarevic Ljiljana B. , Knezevic Goran
Published: August 2019

This short communication presents a Serbian version of the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales (ANPS). The ANPS is a self-report measure assessing individual differences in primary emotional systems as derived from Jaak Panksepp’s Affective Neuroscience Theory. As a recent work by Montag & Panksepp (2017a) confirmed the original demonstration of strong associations between primary emotions and the Five-Factor Model of Personality (Davis et al., 2003) across different cultures (USA, Germany, China), we replicated these findings in a Serbian sample. Moreover, following the idea of a recent commentary of Di Domencio & Ryan (2017) on Montag & Panksepp’s (2017a), we present for the first time detailed associations between Five-Factor Model facets as assessed with the NEO-PI-R and primary emotions.
Topical Issue on Strategy Contributions to Cognitive Aging
Authors: Kuhlmann Beatrice G.
Published: August 2019

Although some cognitive decline with healthy aging appears inevitable, previous research on strategy instruction and training has repeatedly demonstrated that older adults can substantially improve their cognitive performance through effective strategies. At the same time, age-related changes in strategy repertoire, distribution, execution, and selection have also been documented and, in part, been shown to contribute to the observed age-related deficits in cognitive performance. Authored by researchers from France, Germany, Italy, and the U.S., the nine articles of this Topical Issue on Strategy Contributions to Cognitive Aging provide novel insights on age-related differences (and similarities) in strategies across a variety of cognitive domains (episodic [item, source, event] memory, metamemory, decision making, and numeracy), ranging from new insights on traditional memory-encoding strategies such as self-generation to the discovery of novel strategies involved in event memory, metamemory, and numerosity comparison. Further, a review of event segmentation training and two novel training studies demonstrate much potential for the improvement of older adults’ cognitive performance, transferring beyond the trained task—but also identify for whom cognitive strategy training may be less beneficial, necessitating a more intensive or different training approach. All in all, this Topical Issue provides a comprehensive picture of age-related changes in cognitive strategies and means to improve older adults’ strategic approach to cognitive tasks.
Mood Worsening on Days with High Pollen Counts is associated with a Summer Pattern of Seasonality
Authors: Akram Faisal , Jennings Tyler B. , Stiller John W. , Lowry Christopher A. , Postolache Teodor T.
Published: August 2019

Background: Summer/spring-type seasonal affective disorder (S-SAD) is the less common subtype of seasonal affective disorder and evidence regarding potential triggers of S-SAD is scarce. Recent reports support association of airborne-pollen with seasonal exacerbation of depression (mood seasonality) and timing of suicidal behavior. Therefore, we hypothesized that Old Order Amish (OOA) with summer/spring pattern of seasonality (abbreviated as summer pattern) and S-SAD will have significant mood worsening on high pollen days.

Methods: A seasonal pattern of mood worsening and SAD parameters were estimated using Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ). Age- and gender-adjusted ANCOVAs and post hoc analyses were conducted to compare mood worsening on days with high pollen counts between summer-pattern vs no-summer-pattern of mood worsening, S-SAD vs no-S-SAD, winter-pattern vs no-winter-pattern of mood worsening, and W-SAD vs no-W-SAD groups.

Results: The prevalence of S-SAD was 0.4%, while 4.5% of individuals had a summer pattern of mood seasonality. A statistically significant difference for mood worsening on high pollen days was observed between summer-pattern vs no-summer-pattern of mood worsening (p = 0.006). The significant association between S-SAD vs no-SAD groups (p = 0.032) for mood worsening on high pollen days did not withstand Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons. No significant association was found for winter-pattern vs no-winter-pattern of mood worsening (p = 0.61) and for W-SAD vs no-W-SAD (p = 0.19) groups.

Conclusion: Our results are consistent with previous studies implicating links between aeroallergen exposure and summer pattern of seasonality, but not the winter pattern of seasonality.
Experimental shoulder pain models do not validly replicate the clinical experience of shoulder pain
Authors: Ford Brendon , Cohen Milton , Halaki Mark , Diong Joanna , Ginn Karen A.
Published: August 2019

Background and aims

People with shoulder pain often present with abnormal shoulder muscle function. It is not known whether shoulder pain causes or is the result of muscle dysfunction. If pain leads to muscle dysfunction, therapeutic interventions that produce shoulder pain may be contraindicated. Experimentally induced nociception can be used to investigate a causal relationship between shoulder pain and muscle dysfunction. However, the validity of current experimental shoulder pain protocols has not been established. The aim of this study was to determine whether current experimental shoulder pain protocols validly replicate the clinical experience of shoulder pain with respect to pain distribution, quality and behaviour.

Methods

Nine pain free participants received two injections of hypertonic saline, one into the subacromial space and one into supraspinatus, in random order, at least 1 week apart. Investigators blind to the injection site assessed pain distribution, pain response to clinical tests which provoke shoulder pain and pain quality assessed using the McGill Pain Questionnaire.

Results

Following hypertonic saline injection into both the subacromial space and supraspinatus: pain was most commonly reported in the deltoid region and did not extend beyond the elbow; the most common response to clinical tests which provoke shoulder pain was a decrease in pain; and the highest rating of pain quality was in the sensory domain with very few responses in the affective domain.

Conclusions

Experimental shoulder pain induced by injection of hypertonic saline into either the subacromial space or supraspinatus produced a pain distribution similar to that observed in clinical shoulder pain, but neither experimental pain protocol could reproduce the increases in pain intensity following shoulder provocation tests or the emotional distress commonly observed in people with clinical shoulder pain.

Implications

Pain induced by local shoulder nociception produced by hypertonic saline injection into shoulder structures has significant limitations as a model of clinical shoulder pain. While it is perhaps unsurprising that short duration, chemically-induced experimental pain does not replicate the quality of the clinical experience of shoulder pain, the validity of experimental shoulder pain models which produce the opposite response to provocation testing to clinical shoulder pain must be questioned.
Protective effect of resveratrol against corticosterone-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells
Authors: Zhang Ye , He Yun , Deng Ning , Chen Yan , Huang Jiecong , Xie Wei
Published: August 2019

Objective

Resveratrol(RES) is a natural polyphenol which possesses an anti-depressant effect. However, the mechanisms of its anti-depressant effect remain unclear. The aim of the study is to investigate the potential mechanisms in the neuro-protective efficiency in the corticosterone-induced pheochromacytoma 12 (PC12) cells.

Methods

PC12 cells were treated with 200 μM of corticosterone in the absence or presence of different concentrations of RES for 24 h. Then, cell viability was measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Apoptosis of PC12 cells was measured by Annexin V-FITC and Propidium iodide (PI) labelling. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins including Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3 was determined by western blotting.

Results

The results showed that treatment with 200 μM of corticosterone induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. However, different concentrations of RES (2.5μmol/L, 5μmol/L and 10 μmol/L) significantly increased the cell viability, suppressed the apoptosis of PC12 cells, down-regulated Bax and caspase-3 protein expression, and up-regulated Bcl-2 protein expression, compared to the model group (p<0.05).

Conclusion

Resveratrol has a protective effect on corticosterone-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells, which may be related to the apoptosis via inhibition of apoptosis-related proteins and displays the antidepressant-like effect.
Translating חום in Genesis 30
Authors: Avioz Michael
Published: August 2019

This paper reexamines ancient and modern translations of the adjective חום in Genesis 30:32–40. I propose that translating it as »brown« is legitimate and cannot be considered anachronistic, given that the color itself is evident in various ancient archeological finds. Using various equivalent terms in modern languages is unnecessary.
A Paradoxical Situation and God’s Righteousness in Ezra 9:15
Authors: Byun Paul
Published: August 2019

This article argues that the twice used conjunction כי in Ezra 9:15 should be interpreted as a concessive conjunction. Such a reading then suggests that the repatriated community is living in a paradoxical situation: YHWH is righteous, despite not destroying Israel for their sin; Israel stands before YHWH in guilt, despite the fact that they should not be able to. Consequently, this interpretation influences our understanding of the sentence »O LORD, God of Israel, you are just« (9:15) as a comment concerning God’s just punishment.
Manifestation of hemispheric laterality in chewing side preference and handedness
Authors: Khamnei Saeed , Sadat-Ebrahimi Seyyed-Reza , Salarilak Shaker , Savadi Oskoee Siavash , Houshyar Yousef , Shakouri Seyed Kazem , Salekzamani Yaghoub , Zamanlu Masumeh
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Humans manifest a behavioral inclination towards more utility of one side of the body, in relation with the dominant hemisphere of the brain. The current investigation assessed handedness together with chewing preference which have not been evaluated in various food textures before. Methods: Nineteen young and healthy volunteers chewed hard (walnut) and soft (cake) foods, during surface electromyography recording from masseter muscles. The side of the first and all chews in the two food types were determined and compared with the side of the dominant hand. Results: Results indicated the two lateralities in the same side considerably (60%-70%), implying the solidarity in the control of the dominant hemisphere of the brain. The unilaterality was more prominent in the assessment of all chews in hard food, with higher statistical agreement and correlation. Conclusion: Thereupon masticatory preference is found with probable origins in the dominant hemisphere of the brain.
Characteristics of the Shrug Motion and Trapezius Muscle Activity During the Power Clean
Authors: Nagao Hideyuki , Ishii Yasumitsu
Published: August 2019

Nagao, H and Ishii, Y. Characteristics of the shrug motion and trapezius muscle activity during the power clean. J Strength Cond Res 35(12): 3288–3295, 2021—Although the shrug motion and trapezius muscle activity are commonly considered as important in Olympic weightlifting exercises, there are no data on the shrug motion in Olympic weightlifting. Providing objective data on shrug motion and upper trapezius muscle (TZ) activity during power clean (PC) will help coaches properly evaluate technique and select accessory exercises. The purpose of this study was to clarify the role of the shrug motion and TZ activity during PC. Twenty trained men performed the PC at 50, 70, and 90% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM). Kinematics motion data and TZ surface electromyography were recorded. The range of motion of the shrug angle (sROM) and scapular adduction angle (aROM) were calculated during each phase of the PC. The TZ activity of each phase was evaluated by the root-mean-square of TZ activity (TZ%RMS), normalized by the maximal voluntary contraction. In the first pull and transition phases, TZ%RMS was significantly larger (p < 0.05; η2 = 0.10, 0.11) at 90% 1RM than at 50% 1RM. In the second pull phase, the sROM and aROM were significantly larger (p < 0.01; η2 = 0.19, 0.19) at 50% 1RM than at 90% 1RM, and the TZ%RMS was significantly larger (p < 0.01; η2 = 0.30) at 50% 1RM than at 70% 1RM and 90% 1RM, and at 70% 1RM than at 90% 1RM. Trapezius muscle activity appears to work to maintain scapular position, especially in the first pull and transition phases. In the second pull phase, the TZ was aggressively contracted to elevate the scapula and pull the barbell, but the sROM decreased as the load increased.
Relative Age Effect in Collegiate Soccer: Influence of Nationality, Playing Position, and Class
Authors: Hurley Eoin , Comstock Brett A. , Haile Luke , Beyer Kyle S.
Published: August 2019

Hurley, E, Comstock, BA, Haile, L, and Beyer, KS. Relative age effect in collegiate soccer: influence of nationality, playing position, and class. J Strength Cond Res 33(12): 3295–3301, 2019—The purpose of this study was to evaluate the existence of relative age effects (RAEs) in collegiate soccer. In addition, the impact of nationality, position, class, and National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) tournament qualification status on the prevalence of RAEs was assessed. Birth dates from male NCAA Division I soccer athletes (n = 4,082) from the 2017/2018 season were categorized into quarters based on calendar and scholastic quarters. All athlete birth-date distributions were compared with the expected birth-date distributions for the United States. International-born athletes (INT) displayed a significant difference in birth-date distribution when assessed with calendar quarters, whereas American-born athletes (USA) showed a significant difference in birth-date distributions when assessed with scholastic quarters. Furthermore, INT showed significant RAEs for midfielders and defenders, whereas USA showed significant RAEs midfielders and goalkeepers. In terms of class, INT had significant RAEs for all classes, whereas USA had significant RAEs only for freshmen and sophomores. All INT had significant RAEs regardless of tournament qualification status; however, USA had significant RAEs only for nontournament teams. In summary, significant RAEs exist in male Division I college soccer; however, the presence of RAEs is influenced by nationality, position, class, and NCAA tournament qualification status. Coaches should be aware of RAEs during the recruitment process to avoid potential selection bias.
Traduzir a crítica à ontologia: transitoriedade, transcriação e história natural
Authors: Pandolfo Alexandre Costi
Published: August 2019

Este ensaio procura tecer considerações sobre a tarefa da crítica à ontologia fundamental desde a perspectiva literária. Para isso parte das concepções de tradução, transitoriedade e não-identidade expostas por Walter Benjamin em muitos dos seus textos e também no seu conhecido texto “A tarefa do tradutor”. O conceito de Vergänglichkeit, transitoriedade, que pode ser entendido também por ruinância ou deperecimento, torna-se a estrela maior nesta abordagem benjaminiana, e a ele se une a ideia de história natural, como momento dialético crucial para crítica à ontologia fundamental. Este ensaio também aponta para algumas leituras e interpretações brasileiras dos escritos de Walter Benjamin, principalmente, com o intento de abordar a ideia de transcriação, de Haroldo de Campos.
An Italian Renaissance Face on a “New Eritrea”:
Authors: Muehlbauer Mikael
Published: August 2019

A whitewashed neo-Renaissance façade set into a high rock escarpment above the village of Abreha wa-Atsbeha, in East Tigray, Ethiopia, stands in stark contrast to its sunbaked highland surroundings. Behind this façade is a relatively large rock-cut structure, one of the oldest medieval church buildings in Ethiopia. An Italian Renaissance Face on a “New Eritrea”: The 1939 Restoration of the Church of Abreha wa-Atsbeha addresses how the restoration of this church conducted by Italian Fascist authorities represents the appropriation of local history by both Fascist Italy and Ethiopia's own imperial rulers. As Mikael Muehlbauer describes, while the façade classicizes the building, evoking both the Italianita of the Renaissance and the Romanitas of imperial Rome, earlier murals inside claimed it for Yohannes IV, the nineteenth-century Tigrayan emperor of Ethiopia.