bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hepatic progenitor cells express SerpinB3
Authors: Villano Gianmarco , Turato Cristian , Quarta Santina , Ruvoletto Mariagrazia , Ciscato Francesco , Terrin Liliana , Semeraro Rossella , Paternostro Claudia , Parola Maurizio , Alvaro Domenico , Bernardi Paolo , Gatta Angelo , Pontisso Patrizia
Published: February 2014

Background

In the setting of liver injury hepatic progenitor cells are activated, counterbalancing the inhibited regenerative capacity of mature hepatocytes. Chronic activation of this compartment may give rise to a subset of liver tumours with poor prognosis. SerpinB3, a serpin over-expressed in injured liver and in primary liver cancer, has been shown to induce apoptosis resistance, epithelial to mesenchymal transition and to increase TGF-beta and Myc expression. Aim of the present study was to explore the presence of SerpinB3 in hepatic progenitor cells in human livers and in a mouse model of liver stem/progenitor cell activation.

Hepatic progenitor cells were analysed in foetal and adult livers at protein and transcriptional levels. To induce experimental activation of the liver stem/progenitor compartment, C57BL/6J mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide plus D-galactosamine and were sacrificed at different time points. Liver cDNA was amplified using specific primers for mouse-homologous SerpinB3 isoforms and automatically sequenced.

Results

The presence of SerpinB3 in the progenitor cell compartment was detected in sorted human foetal and adult epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) positive liver cells. By immunohistochemistry SerpinB3 was found in human cirrhotic livers in portal areas with progenitor cell activation showing ductular proliferation. CK-7, CK-19, EpCAM and CD-90 positive cell were also positive for SerpinB3. In the animal model, time course analysis in liver specimens revealed a progressive increase of SerpinB3 and a parallel decrease of activated caspase 3, which was barely detectable at 20 hours. Transcription analysis confirmed the presence of SerpinB3-homologous only in the liver of injured mice and sequence analysis proved its belonging to mouse Serpinb3b.

Conclusion

SerpinB3 is highly expressed in hepatic stem/progenitor cell compartment of both foetal and adult livers.
Analysis of EST data of the marine protist Oxyrrhis marina, an emerging model for alveolate biology and evolution
Authors: Lee Renny , Lai Hugo , Malik Shehre Banoo , Saldarriaga Juan F , Keeling Patrick J , Slamovits Claudio H
Published: February 2014

Background

The alveolates include a large number of important lineages of protists and algae, among which are three major eukaryotic groups: ciliates, apicomplexans and dinoflagellates. Collectively alveolates are present in virtually every environment and include a vast diversity of cell shapes, molecular and cellular features and feeding modes including lifestyles such as phototrophy, phagotrophy/predation and intracellular parasitism, in addition to a variety of symbiotic associations. Oxyrrhis marina is a well-known model for heterotrophic protist biology, and is now emerging as a useful organism to explore the many changes that occurred during the origin and diversification of dinoflagellates by virtue of its phylogenetic position at the base of the dinoflagellate tree.

Results

We have generated and analysed expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences from the alveolate Oxyrrhis marina in order to shed light on the evolution of a number of dinoflagellate characteristics, especially regarding the emergence of highly unusual genomic features. We found that O. marina harbours extensive gene redundancy, indicating high rates of gene duplication and transcription from multiple genomic loci. In addition, we observed a correlation between expression level and copy number in several genes, suggesting that copy number may contribute to determining transcript levels for some genes. Finally, we analyze the genes and predicted products of the recently discovered Dinoflagellate Viral Nuclear Protein, and several cases of horizontally acquired genes.

Conclusion

The dataset presented here has proven very valuable for studying this important group of protists. Our analysis indicates that gene redundancy is a pervasive feature of dinoflagellate genomes, thus the mechanisms involved in its generation must have arisen early in the evolution of the group.
Using vignettes in qualitative research to explore barriers and facilitating factors to the uptake of prevention of mother-to-child transmission services in rural Tanzania: a critical analysis
Authors: Gourlay Annabelle , Mshana Gerry , Birdthistle Isolde , Bulugu Grace , Zaba Basia , Urassa Mark
Published: February 2014

Background

Vignettes are short stories about a hypothetical person, traditionally used within research (quantitative or qualitative) on sensitive topics in the developed world. Studies using vignettes in the developing world are emerging, but with no critical examination of their usefulness in such settings. We describe the development and application of vignettes to a qualitative investigation of barriers to uptake of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) HIV services in rural Tanzania in 2012, and critique the successes and challenges of using the technique in this setting.

Methods

Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) group activities (3 male; 3 female groups from Kisesa, north-west Tanzania) were used to develop a vignette representing realistic experiences of an HIV-infected pregnant woman in the community. The vignette was discussed during in-depth interviews with 16 HIV-positive women, 3 partners/relatives, and 5 HIV-negative women who had given birth recently. A critical analysis was applied to assess the development, implementation and usefulness of the vignette.

Results

The majority of in-depth interviewees understood the concept of the vignette and felt the story was realistic, although the story or questions needed repeating in some cases. In-depth interviewers generally applied the vignette as intended, though occasionally were unsure whether to steer the conversation back to the vignette character when participants segued into personal experiences. Interviewees were occasionally confused by questions and responded with what the character should do rather than would do; also confusing fieldworkers and presenting difficulties for researchers in interpretation. Use of the vignette achieved the main objectives, putting most participants at ease and generating data on barriers to PMTCT service uptake. Participants’ responses to the vignette often reflected their own experience (revealed later in the interviews).

Conclusions

Participatory group research is an effective method for developing vignettes. A vignette was incorporated into qualitative interview discussion guides and used successfully in rural Africa to draw out barriers to PMTCT service use; vignettes may also be valuable in HIV, health service use and drug adherence research in this setting. Application of this technique can prove challenging for fieldworkers, so thorough training should be provided prior to its use.
Celiac disease in the Mediterranean area
Authors: Tucci Francesca , Astarita Luca , Abkari Abdelhak , Abu-Zekry Mona , Attard Thomas , Ben Hariz Mongi , Bilbao José Ramon , Boudraa Ghazalia , Boukthir Samir , Costa Stefano , Djurisic Veselinka , Hugot Jean-Pierre , Irastorza Iñaki , Kansu Aydan , Kolaček Sanja , Magazzù Giuseppe , Mičetić-Turk Dušanka , Misak Zrinjka , Roma Eleftheria , Rossi Pasqualino , Terzic Selma , Velmishi Virtut , Arcidiaco Carmela , Auricchio Renata , Greco Luigi
Published: February 2014

Background

The World Gastroenterology Organization recommends developing national guidelines for the diagnosis of Celiac Disease (CD): hence a profile of the diagnosis of CD in each country is required. We aim to describe a cross-sectional picture of the clinical features and diagnostic facilities in 16 countries of the Mediterranean basin. Since a new ESPGHAN diagnostic protocol was recently published, our secondary aim is to estimate how many cases in the same area could be identified without a small intestinal biopsy.

Methods

By a stratified cross-sectional retrospective study design, we examined clinical, histological and laboratory data from 749 consecutive unselected CD children diagnosed by national referral centers.

Results

The vast majority of cases were diagnosed before the age of 10 (median: 5 years), affected by diarrhea, weight loss and food refusal, as expected. Only 59 cases (7.8%) did not suffer of major complaints. Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) assay was available, but one-third of centers reported financial constraints in the regular purchase of the assay kits. 252 cases (33.6%) showed tTG values over 10 times the local normal limit. Endomysial antibodies and HLA typing were routinely available in only half of the centers. CD was mainly diagnosed from small intestinal biopsy, available in all centers. Based on these data, only 154/749 cases (20.5%) would have qualified for a diagnosis of CD without a small intestinal biopsy, according to the new ESPGHAN protocol.

Conclusions

This cross-sectional study of CD in the Mediterranean referral centers offers a puzzling picture of the capacities to deal with the emerging epidemic of CD in the area, giving a substantive support to the World Gastroenterology Organization guidelines.
Associations between socioeconomic, parental and home environment factors and fruit and vegetable consumption of children in grades five and six in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Attorp Adrienne , Scott Jenny E , Yew Ann C , Rhodes Ryan E , Barr Susan I , Naylor Patti-Jean
Published: February 2014

Background

Regular fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption has been associated with reduced chronic disease risk. Evidence from adults shows a social gradient in FV consumption. Evidence from pre-adolescent children varies and there is little Canadian data. This study assessed the FV intake of school children in British Columbia (BC), Canada to determine whether socio-economic status (SES), parental and the home environment factors were related to FV consumption.

Methods

As part of the BC School Fruit and Vegetable Nutrition Program, 773 British Columbia fifth-and sixth-grade school children (Mean age 11.3 years; range 10.3-12.5) and their parents were surveyed to determine FV consumption and overall dietary intake. Students completed a web-based 24-hour dietary food recall, and a student measure of socio-economic status (The Family Affluence Scale). Parents completed a self-administered survey about their education, income, home environment and perceptions of their neighbourhood and children’s eating habits. Correlations and multiple regression analyses were used to examine the association between SES, parental and home environment factors and FV consumption.

Results

Approximately 85.8% of children in this study failed to meet minimum Canadian guidelines for FV intake (6 servings). Parent income and education were not significantly associated with child FV consumption but were associated with each other, child-reported family affluence, neighbourhood environment, access to FV, and eating at the table or in front of the television. Significant positive associations were found between FV consumption and child-reported family affluence, meal-time habits, neighbourhood environment and parent perceptions of the healthiness of their child’s diet; however, these correlations were weak (ranging from .089-.115). Multiple regression analysis showed that only child-reported family affluence significantly predicted FV consumption (std-β = 0.096 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.27).

Conclusions

The majority of children in our study were not meeting guidelines for FV intake irrespective of SES, parent perceptions or home environment, making this a population wide concern. An almost trivial socio-economic gradient was observed for the child-reported SES measure only. These results are consistent with several other studies of children. Longitudinal research is needed to further explore individual and social factors associated with FV consumption in childhood and their development over time.
Development of solution-gated graphene transistor model for biosensors
Authors: Karimi Hediyeh , Yusof Rubiyah , Rahmani Rasoul , Hosseinpour Hoda , Ahmadi Mohammad T
Published: February 2014

The distinctive properties of graphene, characterized by its high carrier mobility and biocompatibility, have stimulated extreme scientific interest as a promising nanomaterial for future nanoelectronic applications. In particular, graphene-based transistors have been developed rapidly and are considered as an option for DNA sensing applications. Recent findings in the field of DNA biosensors have led to a renewed interest in the identification of genetic risk factors associated with complex human diseases for diagnosis of cancers or hereditary diseases. In this paper, an analytical model of graphene-based solution gated field effect transistors (SGFET) is proposed to constitute an important step towards development of DNA biosensors with high sensitivity and selectivity. Inspired by this fact, a novel strategy for a DNA sensor model with capability of single-nucleotide polymorphism detection is proposed and extensively explained. First of all, graphene-based DNA sensor model is optimized using particle swarm optimization algorithm. Based on the sensing mechanism of DNA sensors, detective parameters (I
ds and V
gmin) are suggested to facilitate the decision making process. Finally, the behaviour of graphene-based SGFET is predicted in the presence of single-nucleotide polymorphism with an accuracy of more than 98% which guarantees the reliability of the optimized model for any application of the graphene-based DNA sensor. It is expected to achieve the rapid, quick and economical detection of DNA hybridization which could speed up the realization of the next generation of the homecare sensor system.
Highland cattle and Radix labiata, the hosts of Fascioloides magna
Authors: Leontovyč Roman , Košťáková Monika , Siegelová Veronika , Melounová Klára , Pankrác Jan , Vrbová Kristýna , Horák Petr , Kašný Martin
Published: February 2014

Background

Fascioloides magna is a pathogenic fluke introduced to Europe ca 140 years ago. As it is spreading over the continent, new intermediate and definitive hosts might be involved in transmission of the parasite. In Europe, several studies reported potential new intermediate snail hosts (Radix spp.) for F. magna, and also several cases of fascioloidosis of wild and domestic animals were published. However, the data based on molecular and histological analyses confirming these findings remained unreported. This study aims to refer to unique findings of F. magna in European snails and domestic animals (the first observation in the Czech Republic in the last 30 years) and demonstrate the use of molecular techniques in determination of F. magna.

Results

Two snails of R. labiata naturally infected with F. magna were found; mature cercariae and daughter rediae were observed. Maturity of cercariae was checked by histological methods, however, their ability to encyst was not confirmed. Co-infection of F. magna and Fasciola hepatica in the liver of two highland cattle bulls was proved. Adult fasciolid flukes producing eggs were found in the liver pseudocysts (F. magna) and the bile ducts (F. hepatica). Identification of intermediate hosts, intramolluscan stages, adult flukes and eggs was performed by sequencing the ITS2 region. Connection of F. magna pseudocysts with the gut (via the bile ducts) was not confirmed by means of histological and coprological examinations.

Conclusions

For the first time, Radix labiata was confirmed as the snail host for F. magna under natural conditions and, together with the finding of F. magna infection in cattle, we can expect further transmission of F. magna from wildlife to livestock in localities shared by these hosts.
Pharmacodynamics of cisatracurium in the intensive care unit: an observational study
Authors: Dieye Eric , Minville Vincent , Asehnoune Karim , Conil Claude , Georges Bernard , Cougot Pierre , Fourcade Olivier , Conil Jean-Marie
Published: February 2014

Background

Data from previous studies indicate that optimal conditions for intubation are met 120 seconds after administration of 0.15 mg.kg-1 cisatracurium (ED95 × 3) following the induction of anesthesia. The aim of this study was to compare the doses required for complete paralysis after induction of anesthesia in ICU patients with the dose used in patients undergoing elective surgery.

Methods

Seventeen ICU patients undergoing percutaneous tracheostomy and 17 patients undergoing an elective surgical procedure under muscle relaxation were included. In both groups, an initial intravenous bolus of cisatracurium besylate was given at a dose of 0.15 mg.kg-1 followed by repeated boluses of 0.03 mg.kg-1 every four minutes. The objective was to obtain no response to the train-of-four (TOF). The contractile response of the corrugator supercilii muscle was monitored every minute by observing the TOF in response to a peripheral nerve stimulator with a constant current set to 60 mA.

Results

After the initial dose of cisatracurium, none of ICU patients (0/17) versus 15/17 of the elective surgery patients were completely paralyzed (P < 0.0001). There was a delay in the onset of neuromuscular blockade among the ICU patients. The cumulative doses of cisatracurium were significantly higher in the ICU group with 38 ± 14 mg (that is, 10 ± 4.7 ED95) versus 11 ± 2 mg (that is, 3 ± 0.3 ED95) in the elective surgery group (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

The dosing of cisatracrurium for ICU patients, which is based on the dose recommended for elective anesthesia, is unsuitable because the onset is too slow. This phenomenon is probably caused by changes in the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. These data suggest that neuromuscular monitoring should be used in the ICU.
An integrated pore-pressure model and its application to hydrocarbon exploration: A case study from the Mahanadi Basin, east coast of India
Authors: John Ajesh , Kumar Ashutosh , G. Karthikeyan , Gupta Pankaj
Published: February 2014

An integrated pore-pressure modeling approach was adopted to understand the basin architecture from a pressure perspective and its inference toward possible hydrocarbon occurrence. Kriging-based 3D pore-pressure modeling was used with offset well data and seismic velocities to establish the pressure stratigraphy of the northeast coast (NEC) field (southern part) in the Mahanadi Basin. Late Pliocene sediment is moderately pressured ([Formula: see text]), whereas early Pliocene sediment is normally pressured ([Formula: see text]) and compacted, representing a regional seal for this part of the basin. Miocene represents the onset window for major undercompaction and associated high pressures ([Formula: see text]) in conformance with the regional pressure trend. Overpressure distribution and its mechanisms in the late Miocene level across the NEC field shows distinct patterns with highly elevated pressures ([Formula: see text]) in the northern part resulting from a hybrid unloading mechanism, whereas moderate to high pressure ([Formula: see text]) toward the southern part is associated with undercompaction. Regional pressure correlation across the study area suggests a pressure dependent habitat of hydrocarbons in the Miocene and late Pliocene levels. Pressure distribution and an excess pressure pattern within the Miocene stratigraphy shows a regression trend from north to south, possibly indicating a preferred subsurface fluid flow direction, which is supported by high-quality gas reservoirs discovered in the southern part of the study area. A similar but reverse pressure regression trend is observed within the late Pliocene stratigraphy, which is also validated by the presence of gas reservoirs in the northern part of the study area. Major hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Miocene and Pliocene stratigraphy from the southern part of study area exhibit a strong correlation with effective stress distribution. High-quality gas reservoirs are mostly associated with high effective stress ([Formula: see text]), whereas a high probability for reservoirs to be water wet are observed below this threshold value.
Coherence attribute at different spectral scales
Authors: Li Fangyu , Lu Wenkai
Published: February 2014

In general, we wish to interpret the most broadband data possible. However, broadband data do not always provide the best insight for seismic attribute analysis. Obviously, spectral bands contaminated by noise should be eliminated. However, tuning gives rise to spectral bands with higher signal-to-noise ratios. To quantify geologic discontinuities in different scales, we combined spectral decomposition and coherence. Using spectral decomposition, the spectral amplitudes corresponding to a given scale geologic discontinuity, as well as some subtle features, which would otherwise be buried within the broadband seismic response, can be extracted. We applied this workflow to a 3D land data volume acquired over the Tarim Basin, Northwest China, where karst forms the principle reservoirs. We found that channels are better illuminated around 18 Hz, while subtle discontinuities were better delineated around 25 Hz.
CD49d Is the Strongest Flow Cytometry–Based Predictor of Overall Survival in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Bulian Pietro , Shanafelt Tait D. , Fegan Chris , Zucchetto Antonella , Cro Lilla , Nückel Holger , Baldini Luca , Kurtova Antonina V. , Ferrajoli Alessandra , Burger Jan A. , Gaidano Gianluca , Del Poeta Giovanni , Pepper Chris , Rossi Davide , Gattei Valter
Published: February 2014

Purpose

Although CD49d is an unfavorable prognostic marker in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), definitive validation evidence is lacking. A worldwide multicenter analysis was performed using published and unpublished CLL series to evaluate the impact of CD49d as an overall (OS) and treatment-free survival (TFS) predictor.

Patients and Methods

A training/validation strategy was chosen to find the optimal CD49d cutoff. The hazard ratio (HR) for death and treatment imposed by CD49d was estimated by pooled analysis of 2,972 CLLs; Cox analysis stratified by center and stage was used to adjust for confounding variables. The importance of CD49d over other flow cytometry–based prognosticators (eg, CD38, ZAP-70) was ranked by recursive partitioning.

Results

Patients with ≥ 30% of neoplastic cells expressing CD49d were considered CD49d+. Decrease in OS at 5 and 10 years among CD49d+ patients was 7% and 23% (decrease in TFS, 26% and 25%, respectively). Pooled HR of CD49d for OS was 2.5 (2.3 for TFS) in univariate analysis. This HR remained significant and of similar magnitude (HR, 2.0) in a Cox model adjusted for clinical and biologic prognosticators. Hierarchic trees including all patients or restricted to those with early-stage disease or those age ≤ 65 years always selected CD49d as the most important flow cytometry–based biomarker, with negligible additional prognostic information added by CD38 or ZAP-70. Consistently, by bivariate analysis, CD49d reliably identified patient subsets with poorer outcome independent of CD38 and ZAP-70.

Conclusion

In this analysis of approximately 3,000 patients, CD49d emerged as the strongest flow cytometry–based predictor of OS and TFS in CLL.
Association Between Travel Distance and Metastatic Disease at Diagnosis Among Patients With Colon Cancer
Authors: Massarweh Nader N. , Chiang Yi-Ju , Xing Yan , Chang George J. , Haynes Alex B. , You Y. Nancy , Feig Barry W. , Cormier Janice N.
Published: February 2014

Purpose

Health care access and advanced cancer stage are associated with oncologic outcomes for numerous common cancers. However, the impact of patient travel distance to health care on stage at diagnosis has not been well characterized.

Methods

This study used a historical cohort of patients with colon cancer in the National Cancer Data Base from 2003 through 2010. The primary outcome, stage at diagnosis, was evaluated using hierarchical regression modeling. A secondary outcome was time to receipt of initial therapy that was evaluated using Cox shared frailty modeling.

Results

Among 296,474 patients with colon cancer (mean age, 68 ± 13.6 years; 47.6% male; 78.5% white), 3.9% traveled ≥ 50 miles to the diagnosing facility. Fewer black patients, patients with higher income, and patients with lower education traveled longer distances (trend test P < .001 for all). Patients traveling ≥ 50 miles were more likely to present with metastatic disease compared with those traveling less than 12.5 miles (odds ratio [OR], 1.18; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.24) or 12.5 to 49.9 miles (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.24). In sensitivity analyses, the association was robust to alternate methods of modeling travel distance (quintile stratification or continuous). Travel distance ≥ 50 miles was also associated with a higher likelihood of earlier initiation of therapy compared with travel distance of less than 12.5 miles (hazard ratio [HR], 1.10; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.13) or 12.5 to 49.9 miles (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.13).

Conclusion

Advanced colon cancer stage at diagnosis is associated with patient travel distance to health care, which may be a barrier to early cancer screening. Health care reform efforts designed to address only insurance coverage may not mitigate disparities based on difficulties accessing cancer care.
β-Cell Proliferation After a Partial Pancreatectomy Is Independent of IRS-2 in Mice
Authors: Togashi Yu , Shirakawa Jun , Orime Kazuki , Kaji Mitsuyo , Sakamoto Eri , Tajima Kazuki , Inoue Hideaki , Nakamura Akinobu , Tochino Yoshihiro , Goshima Yoshio , Shimomura Iichiro , Terauchi Yasuo
Published: February 2014

The glucokinase-induced up-regulation of insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS-2) plays an important role in β-cell adaptive proliferation in response to high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance. This study aimed to investigate the role of IRS-2 in the proliferation of β-cells after a 60% partial pancreatectomy. IRS-2-deficient (IRS-2−/−) mice or wild-type mice were subjected to a pancreatectomy (60% partial pancreatectomy) or a sham operation (Sham). The β-cell proliferation and gene expression profiles of the islets were then assessed. Gene expression in islets from pancreatectomized and Sham C57BL/6J male mice was analyzed using a cDNA microarray analysis. To compare with β-cell proliferation induced by a high-fat diet, Gck+/− mice subjected to a pancreatectomy were also analyzed. The IRS-2−/− mice exhibited β-cell expansion and a significant increase in β-cell proliferation after the pancreatectomy, compared with the Sham group. Although glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from islets was not impaired, IRS-2−/− mice manifested severe hyperglycemia after the pancreatectomy. The expression levels of Aurora kinase B, Cyclin A, and Cyclin B1 in the pancreatectomized islets were also enhanced in the IRS-2−/− mice. A gene set enrichment analysis suggested an association between the genes that were up-regulated in the pancreatectomized islets and those involved in M phase progression in the cell cycle. β-Cell proliferation after a pancreatectomy was observed even in the Gck+/− mice. In conclusion, IRS-2 was not required for β-cell proliferation but might be needed for functional β-cell mass, after a pancreatectomy. A partial pancreatectomy in mice may be an attractive model for the development of new strategy for exploring the unique nature of β-cell proliferation.
Human Fibrocytes Express Multiple Antigens Associated With Autoimmune Endocrine Diseases
Authors: Fernando Roshini , Vonberg Andrew , Atkins Stephen J. , Pietropaolo Susan , Pietropaolo Massimo , Smith Terry J.
Published: February 2014

Context:

Factors common to multiple autoimmune diseases have been sought vigorously. Graves' disease (GD) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) involve end-organ remodeling. Fibrocytes participate in inflammatory diseases and were recently shown to express thyroid-specific proteins such as the thyrotropin receptor and thyroglobulin.

Objective:

The objective of the study was to determine whether a broader repertoire of autoantigen expression, such as proteins associated with T1DM, can be ascribed to fibrocytes.

Design, Setting, and Participants:

Fibrocytes and fibroblasts were collected and analyzed from healthy individuals and those with autoimmune diseases in an academic clinical practice.

Main Outcome Measures:

Real-time PCR, Western blot analysis, gene promoter analysis, cell transfections, and flow cytometric cell sorting were performed.

Results:

Islet cell antigen ICA512 (IA-2) and islet cell autoantigen of 69 kDa (ICA69), two islet-specific proteins implicated in T1DM, are expressed by fibrocytes from healthy donors and those with T1DM, GD, and multiple sclerosis. Both transcripts are detected by PCR, the proteins are resolved on Western blots, and both gene promoters are active in fibrocytes. Levels of ICA69 are substantially higher than those of IA-2 in fibrocytes. ICA69 localizes to CD34+ GD orbital fibroblasts putatively derived from fibrocytes, whereas higher levels of IA-2 are found in CD34− fibroblasts.

Conclusions:

In addition to autoantigens implicated in thyroid autoimmunity, fibrocytes and derivative fibroblasts express multiple autoantigens associated with T1DM. This expression results from active gene promoters and abundant steady-state mRNA encoding ICA69 and IA-2. These latest findings demonstrate that fibrocytes express antigens relevant to multiple forms of endocrine autoimmunity. They suggest the potential for these cells playing a direct role in immune reactivity directed at the thyroid and pancreatic islets.
Hyperandrogenic Oligomenorrhea and Metabolic Risks Across Menopausal Transition
Authors: Polotsky Alex J. , Allshouse Amanda A. , Crawford Sybil L. , Harlow Sioban D. , Khalil Naila , Kazlauskaite Rasa , Santoro Nanette , Legro Richard S.
Published: February 2014

Context:

Although there is evidence of metabolic risks in young women with irregular menses and androgen excess, persistence of risks after menopause is unclear.

Objective:

The objective of the study was to determine the impact of menopause on the cardiometabolic profile in women with high androgens and a history of menstrual irregularity.

Methods:

Study of Women's Health Across the Nation is a longitudinal cohort study. Data from 1929 women without metabolic syndrome (MetS) at baseline were analyzed for incidence of MetS, self-reported stroke, and myocardial infarction. Cox hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated, adjusting for age, ethnicity, body mass, smoking, menopausal status, and study site.

Results:

Among MetS-free women at baseline, 497 new cases were identified during 20 249 woman-years of follow-up over 12 years. Women with hyperandrogenemia (HA) and oligomenorrhea (Oligo) developed incident cases of MetS at a comparable rate compared with their counterparts: eumenorrheic, normoandrogenic women [HR 1.4 (0.9–2.2)], oligomenorrheic, normoandrogenic women [HR 1.3 (0.8–2.2)], and eumenorrheic hyperandrogenic women [HR 1.2 (0.7–1.8)]. Smoking and obesity were the strongest predictors of incident MetS. There was no significant difference in incidence of self-reported stroke or MI by HA/Oligo status.

Conclusions:

Longitudinal evidence suggests that a history of androgen excess and menstrual irregularity is not associated with worsening of metabolic health after menopause. Our findings challenge the notion that a history of concurrent HA and Oligo reflects ongoing cardiometabolic risk in postmenopausal women.
Obstetric Hemorrhages on the Background of Gestosis: a Modern Therapeutic Management (Review of Literature)
Authors: Сарахова  , Sarakhova D. , Осадчева  , Osadcheva I. , Цахилова  , Tsakhilova S. , Кузнецов  , Kuznetsov V. , Торчинов  , Torchinov A. , Зыкова  , Zykova A.
Published: February 2014

Obstetric hemorrhages are a topical problem of modern health care. They are remains one of the principal causes of maternal death. A series of therapeutic measures for stopping obstetric hemorrhage worked for decades. Recently, however, a number of pharmacological and surgical methods that ensure a more effective management of postpartum hemorrhages have been introduced, which in its turn results in preservation of the reproductive function in young women. This article presents the world literature data on the theories of gestosis, its frequencies, pathogenesis and the role of gestosis in the development of obstetric hemorrhage. It is shown that the hyper-coagulable syndrome and hypovolemia, specific to gestosis, are directly related to the decrease of tolerance of the female body during obstetric hemorrhage, as well as they lead to the disruption of compensatory reactions with the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, even at a small loss of blood. The article describes the modern conserving approach for the management of obstetric hemorrhage and the role of integrated infusion- transfusion therapy with early addition of donor fresh frozen plasma in the treatment of bleeding in the early postpartum period to preserve the reproductive function of women.
Comparative Study of Clinical and Psycho-Pathological Features in the Primaparous and Multyparous Women in the 3-rd Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: Перова  , Perova E. , Бронфман  , Bronfman S. , Кудаева  , Kudaeva L.
Published: February 2014

The authors present the data of comparative analysis of the prevalence and severity of depressive symptoms and anxiety in the primaparous and multiparous women in the third trimester of pregnancy. According to this study, the symptoms of depression were found in 45% of pregnant women; in the primaparous women - in 2 times more often than the multiparous women ( 51% and 30% respectively). Also, the authors concluded that high anxiety level is observed in almost 100% of the multiparous women, but this level corresponds to "nominally normal level" in the third trimester of pregnancy (less than 18 points on Hamilton scale). However, in the primaparous women the «nominally normal level» of anxiety is observed only in 55% of cases; in the rest of women the level of anxiety varies from low (in 20% of women) to very high (in 25% of pregnant women), which may indicate a disturbance in the formation of normal psychological component of gestational dominance in the primaparous women evaluated and justify the necessity of individual and group psychotherapy.
An Economic Analysis of the Future U.S. Biofuel Industry, Facility Location, and Supply Chain Network
Authors: Chen Xiaoguang , Önal Hayri
Published: February 2014

This paper presents a price-endogenous, dynamic, mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model to determine the biofuel feedstock supply response in U.S. agriculture and future biorefinery locations that meet the mandated cellulosic biofuel production targets. With a large number of supply units and potential processing locations involved, the problem could not be solved directly using MINLP solvers. We developed a sequential two-stage solution procedure to cope with this computational difficulty. The original MINLP model is decomposed into a price-endogenous agricultural sector model that solves the supply response and equilibrium in agricultural product markets, and a dynamic linear mixed-integer programming (MIP) model that solves the optimum facility location and supply chain network. The two models are solved sequentially with feedback from each other. Because of the large number of binary variables involved, computational difficulty was also encountered when solving the MIP model. We employed a heuristic backward-recursive technique to cope with this difficulty. Using moderately large test problems, we demonstrate that the heuristic solution procedures are computationally convenient and produce near-optimal solutions. We then applied this method to solve the full-scale model where nearly 3,000 U.S. counties were considered both as spatial supply units and potential refinery locations over the 2007–2022 planning horizon. Empirical results show that: (i) the U.S. biofuel mandates would lead to a significant increase in food commodity prices; (ii) regional comparative advantage in producing biofuel feedstocks would be more important than proximity to biofuel demand locations when determining the optimum refinery locations; and (iii) incorporating biofuel refinery locations in land-use decisions makes a considerable difference in the regional biomass production pattern.
A Case Study of Pediatric Asthma Alerts from the Beacon Community Program in
Cincinnati: Technology is Just the First Step
Authors: Trudnak Tara , Mansour Mona , Mandel Keith , Sauers Hadley , Pandzik Gerry , Donisi Carl , Fairbrother Gerry
Published: February 2014

Introduction: The Beacon Community in Cincinnati, Ohio was an innovative,
community-wide initiative to use technology to transform care. One important feature was
the development of regional alerts to notify practices when patients were hospitalized
or seen in the emergency department. The purpose of this paper is to describe the way in
which technology engages the improvement process, and to describe the early stages of
learning how to use technology to enhance quality improvement.Methods: We interviewed
key Beacon leaders as well as providers and office staff in selected practices. We also
collected preliminary data from practices that reflected handling of alerts, including
the number of asthma related alerts received and followed up.Results: Regional alerts,
supplied by the community-wide health information exchange, were a significant addition
to the quality improvement effort in that they enabled practices to identify and follow
up with additional children at risk. An important finding was the substantial effort at
the practice level to integrate technology into ongoing patient
care.Conclusions: Developing the technology for community wide alerts represented a
significant endeavor in the Cincinnati Beacon Community. However, the technology was
just the first step. Despite extra effort and time required on the part of individual
practices, they reported that the value of having alerts was high. Hospital and ED
visits represent some of the most costly aspects of care, and an efficient process for
intervening with children using these costly services was seen as of significant
value.
Compassion Focused Therapy After Traumatic Brain Injury: Theoretical Foundations and a Case Illustration
Authors: Ashworth Fiona , Gracey Fergus , Gilbert Paul
Published: February 2014

Acquired brain injury (ABI) commonly results in a range of interacting difficulties including regulating emotion, managing social interactions and cognitive changes. Emotional adjustment to ABI can be difficult and requires adaptation of standard psychological therapies. This article outlines a case where cognitive– behavioural therapy (CBT) was of limited effectiveness but was significantly enhanced with compassion focused therapy (CFT). This article describes Jenny, a 23-year-old woman who suffered a traumatic brain injury 3 years prior to attending rehabilitation. Jenny presented with low self-esteem and mental health difficulties. Neuropsychological assessment revealed executive functioning difficulties. Jenny entered a holistic neuropsychological rehabilitation program aimed at improving complex interacting difficulties, receiving CBT as part of this. As CBT was of limited effectiveness, reformulation of Jenny's difficulties was presented to her based on CFT. The CFT intervention employed aimed to help Jenny develop self-validation and acceptance through producing feelings of kindness and warmth. Shifting the affective textures to the self is a key process for CFT. Self-report measures of mental health and self-esteem showed positive changes and the usefulness of CFT for Jenny. Adaptations in the context of Jenny's ABI are discussed. In conclusion, CFT may be useful in conceptualising emotional responses and developing intervention in rehabilitation after ABI, especially because CFT is based on a neurophysiological model of affect regulation that pays particular attention to the importance of affiliative emotions in the regulation of threat-focused emotion and self-construction.
Rethinking an Assessment of Nicotine Dependence: A Sex, Gender and Diversity Analysis of the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence
Authors: Richardson Lindsay , Greaves Lorraine , Jategaonkar Natasha , Bell Kirsten , Pederson Ann , Tungohan Ethel
Published: February 2014

This article assesses whether the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), adequately reflects sex, gender and diversity related differences in nicotine dependence. Available studies on the FTND were reviewed and a sex, gender and diversity analysis (SGBA) of this instrument was conducted. Results indicate that sex and gender differences in nicotine dependence may undermine the ability of the FTND to present an adequate picture of dependence. Conducting a SGBA on this Fagerstrom test reveals that sex and gender differences likely limit the ability of this instrument to present an accurate picture of dependence in diverse groups. Further research is needed to enhance the sensitivity of the FTND.
Two-Year Outcomes From a Cessation of Smoking Intervention in Older Adults
Authors: Tait Robert J. , Hulse Gary K. , Waterreus Anna , Flicker Leon , Lautenschlager Nicola T. , Jamrozik Konrad , Almeida Osvaldo P.
Published: February 2014

This study evaluated a cessation of smoking program for older (≥ 65 years) smokers. We recruited 215 community-dwelling smokers who selected either an intervention (n = 165) (brief intervention, telephone support, access to nicotine replacement therapy [NRT]) or ongoing smoking (continuing smokers) (n = 50). Primary outcomes at 12 and 24 months were (a) total abstinence and (b) cessation for the previous 30+ days, all validated via expired carbon monoxide (ECO). We interviewed 183 (85%) participants at 12 months and 165 (77%) at 24 months. Total abstinence was reported by 29 (18%) and 21 (13%) of the intervention group and none of the continuing smokers at 12 and 24 months. At 12 months, a greater prevalence of 30+ day cessation was observed for the intervention (24.2%) than the continuing smokers (4.0%): by 24 months this difference was 23.6% versus 12.0%. Those totally abstinent for 24 months predominantly used NRT (81%). Of the 30+ day quitters at 24 months, 74% of the intervention group used NRT and 100% of the continuing smokers used ‘cold turkey’. Cessation programs can be successfully delivered to older smokers, with outcomes comparable to the general population. NRT is commonly used by successful quitters, but ‘cold turkey’ can also be successful.
Weight Gain After Quitting: Attitudes, Beliefs and Counselling Strategies of Cessation Counsellors
Authors: Bush Terry , Levine Michele D. , Zbikowski Susan , Deprey Mona , Rabius Vance , McAfee Tim , Wiatrek Dawn E.
Published: February 2014

Postcessation weight gain is common and a frequent cause of relapse. Although interventions to address weight gain and weight gain concerns exist, the experience of telephone cessation counsellors in addressing weight concerns is unknown. We surveyed 134 cessation counsellors providing quitlines for 30 states regarding their experiences and attitudes about how to address weight gain concerns among smokers trying to quit. Counsellors estimated they discuss weight in 40% of their calls, primarily discussing concerns about gaining weight. Counsellors estimated that smokers gain about 4.1 kg after quitting and about 48% gain more than 2.3 kg. Most counsellors believed that exercise, education about weight gain and preparing smokers for weight gain would help people quit, which is consistent with current science. A total of 51% of counsellors believed that dieting while quitting would reduce weight gain and only 35% correctly identified that dieting reduces a smokers' ability to quit. Some counsellors believed they needed more training in weight management and may need to be reassured that they are currently following treatment guidelines when confronted with smokers who have concerns about postcessation weight gain.
A Smoking Cessation Program in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Ling Stephen K. , Wooderson Susanne , Rees Karen , Neild Rose , Wright Ian M.R.
Published: February 2014

Background: Parental smoking remains a significant risk to the preterm infant both pre and post delivery. Pharmacologically supported interventions have been previously contraindicated in this group during the perinatal period and during breastfeeding. We designed an evidence-based intervention for use in our high-risk population. This report assesses our outcomes after one year. Method: Questionnaire administered a median of 6 months after intervention. Results: There was no significant difference between those participants who returned the survey (n = 42) versus the group as a whole (n = 70). A total of 33% ceased smoking, p < .0001. If no nonresponders ceased smoking then this gives an overall success rate of 20%, p < .0001. Successful quitters had been smoking for a mean of 11 (SD = 7) years. Self-reported light smokers (< 10 cigarettes per day) were significantly more likely to quit (p < .01). Purchase of follow-on nicotine patches was a significant predictor of success in quitting (p = .02). If relapse occurred, it appeared to happen early and was mainly associated with current stressors. Conclusions: We have designed and applied a multidisciplinary intervention for parents and carers to be used in the perinatal period to decrease the postnatal risk for neonatal intensive care graduates. Our rates of successful smoking cessation are as good as, or better than, many published rates for opportunistic intervention. We suggest that randomised trials be focused on ways to further improve interventions at this time of opportunity for these infants and their families.
Medien- und Informationskompetenz (MIK)
Authors: Gust von Loh Sonja
Published: February 2014

Vom 22.–25. Oktober 2013 fand in Istanbul die European Conference on Information Literacy statt. Teilnehmer kamen nicht nur aus Europa, sondern aus der ganzen Welt. Organisatoren dieser Konferenz waren das Department für Informationsmanagement der Hacettepe Universität in Ankara und das Department für Informations- und Kommunikationswissenschaft der Universität Zagreb. Im zentralen Fokus der Konferenz stand die Vermittlung von Informationskompetenz sowohl in Bibliotheken als auch in der Hochschulbildung.
Landeskonzept zur Bestandserhaltung in Archiven und Bibliotheken in Schleswig-Holstein
Authors: Erdei Klára
Published: February 2014

Seit Juni 2012 besitzt Schleswig-Holstein ein Konzept zur Erhaltung des kulturellen Erbes des Landes für die nächsten zehn bzw. 50 Jahre. Das kulturelle Erbe Schleswig-Holsteins ist mangels ausreichender finanzieller Ausstattung mit Personal- und Sachmitteln nach einer im Jahr 2011 durchgeführten Umfrage in Archiven und Bibliotheken des Landes schwerwiegend in seinem Erhalt bedroht. Auf der Grundlage der Schadensermittlungen wurde daher ein Mengen- und Maßnahmengerüst in den Handlungsfeldern Prävention, Originalerhaltung und Informationssicherung erstellt. Die Kostenkalkulation für die Jahre 2013–2022 ergibt einen jährlichen Mindestbedarf von rund 2,62 Mio. €, die Hochrechnung auf 50 Jahre einen Gesamtbedarf von rund 128,7 Mio. €. Der Beitrag berichtet über die Entstehung des Konzepts und die Tätigkeit der eigens hierfür zusammenberufenen Arbeitsgruppe. Anschließend werden kurz die wichtigsten Erkenntnisse und Ergebnisse vorgestellt und schließlich die ersten seitdem erfolgten Schritte bei der Umsetzung geschildert.
A congruence modulo four in real Schubert calculus
Authors: Hein Nickolas , Sottile Frank , Zelenko Igor
Published: February 2014

We establish a congruence modulo four in the real Schubert calculus on the
Grassmannian of m-planes in

2
m

$2m$

-space.
This congruence holds for fibers of the Wronski map and a generalization to what we call
symmetric Schubert problems.
This strengthens the usual congruence modulo two for numbers of real solutions to
geometric problems.
It also gives examples of geometric problems given by fibers of a map whose
topological
degree is zero but where each fiber contains real points.