bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Qualidade de Vida de Idosos em Comunidade na Pandemia de COVID-19: O caso do Projeto Lado a Lado
Authors: Anica Aurízia Félix , Nave Filipe , Gaudêncio Jacinto , Pereira António
Published: December 2024

No Projeto Lado a Lado, desenvolvido na zona rural da freguesia de Tavira durante o período da pandemia de COVID-19, foram avaliadas as alterações na perceção da qualidade de vida, na depressão e no suporte das redes sociais. Os dados recolhidos para a referida avaliação foram obtidos em dois momentos: a) o primeiro, decorreu entre novembro de 2019 e março de 2020, no qual intervieram 59 participantes no Projeto; b) o último, decorreu entre maio e setembro de 2022, tendo os dados sido obtidos junto de 102 participantes no mesmo. Este estudo assumiu cariz quantitativo, exploratório, descritivo, comparativo e correlacional. O instrumento de recolha de dados foi constituído por um formulário integrando um questionário sociodemográfico e de apreciação do Projeto, a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica de Yesavage, a Escala Breve de Redes Sociais de Lubben e o questionário WHOQOL-OLD, nas versões portuguesas. A análise dos dados foi realizada com recurso ao programa SPSS-IBM25. 
Os resultados revelam recuo dos sintomas depressivos nos participantes, apesar do contexto pandémico e da alteração que este implicou nas estratégias de intervenção previstas. O indicador de qualidade de vida percecionada também foi positivo, nomeadamente ao nível da autonomia, atividades, participação social, morte e morrer, intimidade e vida familiar. Os participantes apreciaram positivamente o Projeto.
Envelhecer em reclusão
Authors: Fernandes Ala Sílvia Maria Fernandes , Galvão Ana
Published: December 2024

Em Portugal, como em muitos países ocidentais, a população prisional está a envelhecer, acarretando desafios únicos que exigem atenção tanto do ponto de vista dos direitos humanos quanto da gestão prisional. Homens e mulheres na prisão, como na comunidade, envelhecem a ritmos diferentes e de maneiras diferentes. Na comunidade, 50 ou 55 anos não seriam considerados “mais velhos”. Mas reclusos normalmente têm problemas de saúde física e mental associados a pessoas pelo menos uma década mais velhas na comunidade. Uma vez em reclusão, a violência, ansiedade e o stresse da vida na prisão, o isolamento da família e a possibilidade de passar a maior parte ou o resto da vida atrás das grades também podem contribuir para o envelhecimento acelerado. Este artigo fornece uma visão global do envelhecimento da população prisional, bem como uma análise aprofundada de respostas políticas e comunitárias existentes para idosos envolvidos com a justiça. Realizou-se uma scoping review, e desenvolveu-se uma síntese reflexiva, baseada na nossa prática profissional, na pesquisa bibliográfica e análise de relatórios nacionais e internacionais. É cada vez mais difícil o sistema prisional responder às necessidades das populações prisionais geriátricas. Os fatores de risco coletivos pessoais, sociais e ambientais aumentam significativamente a probabilidade de início precoce de doenças físicas e mentais graves, incluindo demência entre idosos na prisão. Os funcionários prisionais analisam o aumento projetado de reclusos idosos e percebem que, em um futuro muito próximo, eles precisarão de instalações geriátricas especializadas. Por estes motivos, torna‐se pertinente estudar o processo de envelhecimento em reclusão.
Desafios do transtorno do espectro autista na população idosa
Authors: Medeiros de Araújo Nunes Vilani , Angela Angela Thayssa Durans Amaral , João Carlos Romano Rodrigheiro Junior  , Ìtalo Ítalo Henrique Martins Correa , Júlia Júlia Danielle de Medeiros Leão , Angelo Angelo Maximo Soares de Araujo Filho , Josy Josiane Pereira dos Santos , Ana Ana Elza de Oliveira Mendonça , Clemer Clemer Mateus Gomes Teixeira , Leila Leila Medeiros de Azevedo , Rita Rita de Cássia Azevedo Constantino , Jessica Roberts Fonseca
Published: December 2024

Introdução: O Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) é frequentemente associado a crianças e jovens. Percebe-se que a população idosa autista ainda é negligenciada quando se fala em diagnóstico tardio, tratamento, reabilitação psicossocial, apoio familiar e social. Faz-se necessário entender as particularidades inerentes a essa condição e investigar de que maneira essa população tem enfrentado com o processo do envelhecimento. Objetivo: identificar os desafios enfrentados pela população idosa com TEA no processo de envelhecer. Metodologia: Estudo de revisão bibliográfica, do tipo narrativa, realizado no período  entre 2019 e 2024. As bases de dados empregadas foram PUBMED e MEDLINE e ss buscas incluíram as palavras ‘’transtorno do espectro autista’’, ‘’autismo’’ e ‘’envelhecimento’’, além de termos em inglês ‘’autism spectrum disorder’’, ‘’autism’’ and ‘’aging’’. Encontrados 114 artigos na PUBMED e 55 na MEDLINE, incluídos 10 para o presente  estudo. Resultados: Os idosos autistas enfrentam desafios específicos relacionados ao processo de envelhecer, como o declínio cognitivo e mudanças na saúde física. Os sintomas do TEA podem ser diferentes, dificultando o diagnóstico precoce que permite a possibilidade de terapias medicamentosas para diminuir os sintomas. Ressalta-se que o diagnóstico tardio implicará na diminuição da autonomia e da convivência com os demais. Conclusões: É essencial que haja maior conscientização sobre o autismo na população idosa e criadas estratégias de apoio a fim de compreender suas necessidades em adultos mais velhos. Torna-se importante reconhecer essas diferenças e oferecer suporte adequado para ajudá-los a lidar com essas dificuldades e assim melhorar sua qualidade de vida.
+ Equilíbrio 65 - risco de queda em idosos na comunidade da região do algarve
Authors: Tomé Ana Maria , Marlene  , Pais Sandra Cristina Cozinheiro Fidalgo Rafael Gamboa , Tomás Maria Teresa Barreiros Caetano , Fontes Ana Paula de Almeida
Published: December 2024

Introdução - As quedas constituem uma das principais causas de morbilidade na população sénior. A identificação e caracterização dos fatores causais é basilar na intervenção.
Objetivo - Caracterizar a população de indivíduos com 65 anos ou mais de idade, da comunidade, inscritos em universidades sénior, do ponto de vista sociodemográfico e dos fatores de risco e risco de queda.
Metodologia –Estudo transversal observacional. Incluídos indivíduos com 65 ou mais anos de idade. Dados recolhidos por questionário de autopreenchimento e avaliação de risco de queda e capacidade funcional e cognitiva com instrumentos específicos: FES-I TUG-C, FRT e FAB.
Resultados – Avaliados 128 participantes dos 65-92 anos de idade (74.95±6.13), 74.2% mulheres. 31,3% tem história de queda no último ano; 75% toma mais de um medicamento por dia; 97,7% refere comorbilidades crónicas; 14.8% e 13.3% apresentam TUG-C e FRT, respetivamente, compatíveis com risco muito elevado de queda. 74,2% tem medo de cair moderado ou elevado e 49,2% tem disfunção marcada das funções executivas
Discussão – A elevada percentagem de fatores de risco, a prevalência de quedas anteriores, polimedicação, comorbilidades crónicas e baixo nível de atividade física, risco psicossocial e baixos níveis de escolaridade são sinais de risco. O elevado medo de cair, desempenho reduzido nos testes de equilíbrio estático e dinâmico e o declínio cognitivo evidenciam a importância de uma avaliação multidimensional do risco de queda.
Conclusão – Este estudo permitiu um olhar mais consistente sobre a problemática do equilíbrio e risco de queda e possibilitou sinalizar e analisar os principais fatores de risco de queda, em idosos na comunidade numa região do Algarve.
Promotion of the Family's well-being in the care of the dependent elderly
Authors: Fonseca Maria , Coito Sandra , Quelhas Sofia , Gouveia Ana , Marques Ermelinda
Published: December 2024

Introdução: A Família desempenha um papel fundamental no cuidado à pessoa idosa dependente. A Saúde Familiar constituiu um estado dinâmico de relativo bem-estar físico, psicológico, sociológico e cultural do sistema familiar. A Enfermagem de família destaca-se pelo seu contributo na melhoria do bem-estar das famílias, nomeadamente no papel de prestadora de cuidados durante o processo de envelhecimento/doença.
Objetivos: Dar resposta às necessidades da família no cuidado ao idoso dependente. Demonstrar o impacto da intervenção de enfermagem na saúde da família cuidadora.
Método: Estudo de caso qualitativo, descritivo exploratório. Centrado no processo de intervenção familiar no âmbito dos Cuidados de Saúde Personalizados, utilizando como referencial teórico o Modelo Dinâmico de Avaliação e Intervenção Familiar. Dados colhidos pelo método de entrevista no domicílio e análise dos registos no Sistema de Informação.
Resultados: Família alargada, classe média baixa, coabita em habitação grau III, baixa probabilidade de incidência de doença, muito ligada e flexível, equilibrada e altamente funcional. Diagnosticado rendimento insuficiente, edifício residencial não seguro, precaução de segurança não demonstrada, saturação do papel de prestador de cuidados. Realizada referenciação para cuidados continuados integrados, motivação para implementação de estratégias de adaptação às barreiras arquitetónicas, articulação com poder local, redefinição de papéis, promoção do requerimento do estatuto de cuidador informal, ensinos de atividades de lazer, socialização familiar, estimulação da memória e motricidade fina. Obtiveram-se ganhos com diminuição da saturação do prestador e na saúde da família.
Conclusões: A abordagem diferenciadora da Enfermagem de Família numa prespetiva de proximidade, focando-se nas áreas de atenção familiar alteradas e nos diagnósticos de Enfermagem, tem um impacto significativo na melhoria da saúde das famílias no cuidado ao idoso, pois promove mudanças, apoia a família na resolução de problemas e otimiza o funcionamento familiar, resultando em ganhos em saúde familiares e individuais para o idoso.
SOCIAL INTERACTION AND EMPOWERMENT FOR OLDER ADULTS: BETWEEN “NO NEED” AND “NO TIME”?
Authors: Silva Susana , Folia Vasiliki
Published: December 2024

Having control over one’s life and an active role in society, or seeing oneself as a valuable community member, are examples of what it means to be empowered. Social interaction is, thus, both an antecedent and a consequence of empowerment. In Western societies, an emerging awareness that aging has become associated with  a loss of empowerment has motivated efforts to better address this necessity in older adults. In this context, we created an innovative cognitive stimulation tool, where exercises are created by the users themselves as an alternative form of stimulation. After a period of intense dissemination in geriatric institutions, we encountered  lower-than-expected levels of engagement. To understand whether this could be due to lack of material and human resources and/or lack of awareness regarding empowerment needs, we carried out semi-structured interviews with older adults and coordinating technicians in institutions. We found evidence that supported both a scenario of scarce institutional resources (“no time”) and a lack of awareness of empowerment needs, especially among older adults (“no need”). We discuss potential  ways to help  change this scenario.
Associação entre faixa etária e avaliação multidimensional da pessoa idosa residente do município de araras/são paulo/brasil
Authors: Caroline Silva Pereira  , Luliana Silva Corrêa Araujo  , Pamela Dantyelle Custódio da Silva  , Lunara Aparecida Lotero Pereira  , Higor Matheus de Oliveira Bueno  , Aline Maino Pergola-Marconato
Published: December 2024

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto da idade na avaliação multidimensional da pessoa idosa de Araras/SP/Brasil. MÉTODO: Estudo multicêntrico, analítico e quantitativo realizado em Araras/ São Paulo/ Brasil com pessoas idosas de idade igual ou superior a 60 anos e capacidade cognitiva para responder o questionário. Foram utilizados: Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM), Fragilidade de Edmonton (EFE), Lawton e Brody e Vulnerable Elders Survey - 13 (VES-13), Os dados foram categorizados e analisadas no SPSS (versão 23) de forma descritiva e inferencial (Qui Quadrado; p-valor<0,05). Aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa (parecer nº 4.393.230). RESULTADOS: Amostra de 185 pessoas idosas, sendo 52.43% idosos jovens, 32.43% medianamente idosos e 15.14% idosos considerados longevos. Do total, 68.10% apresentam algum déficit cognitivo e dos idosos longevos, 85.71% apresentam algum déficit cognitivo; 62.16% apresentam algum nível de fragilidade, 57.30% não são vulneráveis e 60.54% apresentam algum grau de dependência. Ao analisar o total de idosos longevos, 75.00% são considerados vulneráveis. Houve associação significativa entre faixa etária e cognição, fragilidade, vulnerabilidade e dependência (p<0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Na amostra é possível observar relação significativa em relação à faixa etária e avaliação multidimensional da pessoa idosa, principalmente nos idosos longevos. Pode-se inferir que com o avanço da idade, o indivíduo tende a estar suscetível aos agravos e portanto, é importante individualizar o cuidado e estabelecer condições dignas de saúde, para promover um envelhecimento ativo, melhor qualidade de vida e bem estar biopsicossocial.
Influência das relações familiares na escolha do cuidador informal de pessoas idosas em contexto rural e urbano
Authors: Ferreira Maria Francisca , Andrade Maria Claúdia
Published: December 2024

Observar a pessoa idosa, a sua família, as pessoas ao seu redor, e o contexto social onde estão inseridos é fundamental na análise do envelhecimento e da escolha do cuidador informal. O presente estudo, de natureza exploratória e descritiva, pretende contribuir para uma melhor compreensão da influência das relações familiares na escolha do cuidador informal de pessoas idosas, em contexto rural e urbano. A recolha de dados foi efetuada através de questionário sociodemográfico, genograma, ecomapa e entrevista semiestruturada. A amostra é constituída por 21 tríades familiares. Os resultados indicam que a escolha do cuidador familiar é influenciada através de fatores externos ao laço de parentesco (coabitação, proximidade geográfica, disponibilidade, condições habitacionais, acessibilidade, saída tardia de casa dos pais e género), condições familiares (não ter filhos, ser cônjuge, filho mais velho, filho único, obrigação e predisposição para o cuidado) e afetação da díade por relações familiares externas (relações conflituosas, relação de proximidade e disponibilidade apenas do cuidador atual para assumir a prestação de cuidados). Os resultados encontrados no presente estudo permitem contribuir para uma melhor compreensão dos fatores associados à escolha do cuidador informal ampliando o conhecimento das famílias com idosos.
Desafios e Inovação no envelhecimento - Cuidados doente oncológico
Authors: Ramos Magda Rita Castela da Cruz , Gaudêncio Nélia Isabel Moita , Bárbara Ana Catarina Bernardo , Almeida Rui Pedro Pereira de , Abrantes António Fernando Caldeira Lagem
Published: December 2024

O envelhecimento crescente da população portuguesa e o aumento das doenças crónicas, como o cancro, ressaltam a necessidade urgente de melhorar a informação e a prevenção.
As tecnologias simples e acessíveis podem ajudar a enfrentar esses desafios no sentido de melhorar o acesso à informação e promover uma maior interação com os cuidados de saúde, permitindo a inclusão, a aproximação entre o doente oncológico idoso e os profissionais de saúde, nomeadamente em regiões de baixa escolaridade ou distantes de centros urbanos.
Neste sentido, este estudo de revisão da literatura teve como objetivo analisar as estratégias e os desafios dos profissionais de saúde na promoção da literacia em saúde numa sociedade digital em grupos mais idosos e com doença oncológica.
No presente estudo, foram encontradas iniciativas para melhorar a literacia em saúde entre idosos com cancro, incluindo intervenções educacionais para capacitar idosos na gestão de recursos digitais tornando-os mais eficientes na gestão da sua saúde e doença.
Os profissionais de saúde desempenham um papel primordial, na promoção da literacia em saúde entre os idosos com cancro na era digital. Contudo, os avanços tecnológicos e inovações digitais apresentam desafios na acessibilidade e equidade no seu acesso tendo de se encontrar estratégias para ultrapassar essas dificuldades, uma vez que são essenciais para melhorar os resultados em saúde, da população em geral e ainda mais dos idosos, por apresentarem muitas vezes comorbilidades.
Analisar o efeito da hidroterapia na força, equilíbrio e medo de Quedas em idosos de uma instituição brasileira
Authors: Mendes Folhadela Norma Neila , Cervaens Mariana , Amaral Luísa
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: Analisar o efeito da hidroterapia na força, equilíbrio e no medo de quedas entre idosos que praticam hidroterapia. Metodologia: A amostra com  36 idosas pertencentes ao Centro de Convivência da Família Madalena Arce Daou, instituição vinculada à Prefeitura Municipal de Manaus, Brasil. A amostra foi dividida Grupo Experimental em que foi implementado a prática de hidroterapia e no Grupo Controlo que não tiveram qualquer intervenção terapêutica. Foram utilizadas a Escala Funcional de Equilíbrio de Berg, Five Times Sit to Stand Test e a Escala Internacional de Eficácia de Quedas.  A avaliação foi realizada antes do estudo e após 4 meses. A hidroterapia foi realizada duas vezes por semana, com uma duração de 45 minutos por sessão. Resultados: As quedas nos idosos foram muito comuns, com maior frequência nas faixas etárias 65-69 e 60-64 anos, e com patologias como artrose e hipertensão. Porém, sem associação entre a ocorrência de quedas e as faixas etárias e as patologias diagnosticadas. A hidroterapia contribuiu para uma manutenção das variáveis estudadas, sendo que houve uma diminuição do equilíbrio no grupo que não realizou o programa de hidroterapia. Conclusão: A hidroterapia contribuiu para a manutenção do equilíbrio, força e medo de quedas, sendo necessários mais estudos com uma amostra maior que desenvolvam planos de intervenção para a redução de quedas.
Exploring Sleep Quality and Attitudes in Ageing Portuguese Population
Authors: Candeias Adelina , Félix Adriana , Cunha Tomás
Published: December 2024

Sleep disturbances are prevalent among older adults, often due to natural physiological aging or various mental health factors, including beliefs and attitudes toward sleep. Despite this, the relationship between sleep quality and mental well-being in older populations remains underexplored. This study aims to examine the role of dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep as predictors of poor sleep quality in Portuguese adults aged 50 and above.
 The study included 125 Portuguese participants, aged 50 to 80 (M = 58.07, SD = 6.15).
Data were collected using the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep (DBAS-16), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Work Health Questionnaire (WHQ), along with sociodemographic information. A self-report online survey was disseminated through social media between March and May 2024.
Findings indicate a significant association between negative beliefs about sleep, poor perceptions of health, and decreased sleep quality in adults over 50. These relationships intensify with age, suggesting that negative attitudes toward sleep may exacerbate sleep disturbances.
The results highlight the need to better understand the interplay between sleep beliefs, functional health, and sleep quality in older populations. Such understanding can inform the development of interventions to improve sleep literacy and overall well-being among older adults.
A prática de pilates na prevenção de quedas no idoso: uma revisão baseada na evidência
Authors: Malhão Diana , Pereira Mariana , Carlos Sara , Cardoso Ana , Navega Ana Rita , Gomes Emanuela
Published: December 2024

Introdução: As quedas representam uma das principais causas de morbimortalidade nos idosos, tendo um impacto negativo na sua qualidade de vida e autonomia funcional. O exercício físico que visa a melhoria do equilíbrio tem sido considerado como uma componente essencial na prevenção das mesmas. Neste contexto, a prática de Pilates surge como um método bem tolerado por idosos, focando-se na melhoria da postura, equilíbrio e mobilidade. Esta revisão sistemática pretende avaliar o efeito da prática de Pilates na prevenção de quedas nos idosos. Métodos: Métodos: Pesquisa de meta-análises, revisões sistemáticas normas de orientação e ensaios clínicos randomizados nas bases de dados MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, Trip Medical Database e Scopus, publicados nos últimos dez anos, sem restrição de idioma. Resultados: Foram obtidos 284 artigos na totalidade, dos quais foram selecionados 5 de acordo com os critérios de inclusão: uma revisão sistemática, três ensaios clínicos aleatorizados e uma guideline.  Conclusão: Apesar da evidência disponível ser ainda limitada, os estudos abordados nesta revisão demonstram que a prática de Pilates parece ser eficaz na prevenção de quedas, melhorando o equilíbrio, a postura e a mobilidade funcional. Contudo, considera-se pertinente a realização de maior número de estudos e com período temporal mais alargado de forma a ser possível estabelecer com maior clareza os benefícios desta prática a longo prazo.
A review of constraint factors affecting the growth of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) The case of ‘ALGERIA’
Authors: Djıdjık Sıhem
Published: December 2024

Internationally, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) growth depends upon an opportune market environment. However, in Algerian context, SEMs face numerous obstacles such as limited financial resources, lack of entrepreneurial knowledge, mediocre market accessibility, poor learning and growth, bureaucracy procedure and corruption etc. which impedes their growth. This research paper aims to evaluate the factors hindering the development of SMEs in Algeria. Several factors as insufficiency of business training, capital scarcity, financial constraints, poor production, lack of innovation, strict regulations, high corruption, slight access to information, lack of motivation from managers and business owners, insufficient raw materials, human resources challenges, collateral concern, lack of human skills, lack of a strong managerial strategies and consistent culture.
In this study, a mixed-methodology approach was carried, an overall content of analysis to extract the common constraints from 20 articles of literature review in the case of Algerian SMEs. Following this line, a quantitative approach is applied by using statistical description to determine both frequency and percentage of the chosen factors to be analyzed in order to select the highly significant variables affecting SMEs growth in Algeria. The results reveal that Algerian SME growth of companies in Algeria is particularly effected and exercised under several constraints; Access to finance and the business environment in which SMEs operate present gaps that can significantly hinder their growth…etc.
The study suggests that more financial support with a whole control process by lowering interest rates and simplifying the procedures as regards to bank loans should be given to SMEs to support and enable them to manage their business, in addition, the government must fund these SMEs by reduce some corporate barriers such as reducing regulations, levying taxes. Moreover, business training should be provided to all SMEs by the government through the launch of new organizations to facilitate business knowledge.
The Impact of Real Effective Exchange Rate on Turkish Export Performance: An ARDL Application
Authors: Aydaş Melisa , Canbaloğlu Bilge
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the impact of the real effective exchange rate (REER) on Turkiye's aggregate export performance from January 2014 to April 2024, alongside the influences of economic growth and inflation which are vital macroeconomic indicators. Utilizing monthly data, the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds-testing approach is employed to assess both long-run and short-run effects of given variables on the exports. The findings reveal significant negative and significant effect of an increasing REER on Turkiye's export performance, indicating that a stronger Turkish lira reduces export competitiveness. Conversely, economic growth positively and significantly affects exports, suggesting that Turkiye’s economic growth fosters export levels, and this provides an empirical finding for growth-led export hypothesis in Turkiye. On the other hand, the effect of inflation on Turkish export performance is found as positive but insignificant. The short-run analysis, through the error correction model (ECM), highlights that the model returns to long-term equilibrium after disturbances. These results underscore the negative effect of appreciation of Turkish lira in real terms on exports and the positive role of economic growth in boosting export performance, offering insights for policymakers on managing exchange rate policies and fostering economic growth.
Parental ethnotheories in the perspective of Florian Znaniecki’s concept of the humanistic coefficient
Authors: Pyszczek Grzegorz
Published: December 2024

Cel. Treścią artykułu jest etnoteoria wychowania oraz pokazanie, jak uwzględnienie współczynnika humanistycznego może wpłynąć na jej badanie. Koncepcja etnoteorii wychowania wyrosła na bazie badań niszy rozwojowej Sary Harkness i Charlesa Supera. Twierdzili oni, że obok czynników fizycznych, społecznych i kulturowych ważnym elementem środowiska wychowawczego dziecka są poglądy jego opiekunów na temat wychowania. Badania tych naukowców zainicjowały cały szereg badań nad etnoteoriami wychowania w różnych częściach świata. Pokazano podstawowe cechy charakteryzujące etnoteorię wychowania. Po pierwsze, dotyczy ona szeroko rozumianej sfery wychowania.
Po drugie, jest traktowana jako coś oczywistego i bezdyskusyjnego. Po trzecie zaś, jest podzielana nie tylko przez poszczególne jednostki, lecz także przez całą społeczność, w której ramach funkcjonują opiekunowie. Wskazano na kontekst teoretyczny, w którym pojawiło się to zagadnienie. Były nimi z jednej strony badania typu etnograficznego, z drugiej zaś – różnego typu badania myślenia potocznego. Metody i materiały. W pracy wykorzystano koncepcje niszy rozwojowej i etnokultury wychowania S. Harkness i C. Supera, a także koncepcję współczynnika humanistycznego Floriana Znanieckiego. Wyniki i wnioski. Starano się pokazać fundamentalną rolę koncepcji współczynnika humanistycznego F. Znanieckiego w badaniach społecznych i kulturowych. Wskazano możliwości pogłębienia badań nad etnoteoriami wychowania poprzez odwołanie się do tej koncepcji. Chodziłoby tu o rekonstrukcję wewnętrznej struktury środowiska wyznającego pewnego typu etnoteorię, a także o ukazanie postaw tego typu środowiska wobec innych elementów wychowawczych.
The role of seniors in the support and social integration of older adults with cognitive impairment
Authors: Korycki Arkadiusz Mateusz , Ziomek Katarzyna
Published: December 2024

Cel. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie roli seniorów (zwłaszcza w pierwszej fazie starości) we wspieraniu i integracji społecznej rówieśników z zaburzeniami poznawczymi. Praca składa się z dwóch części. W pierwszej została omówiona kwestia zróżnicowania wiekowego osób po 60. roku życia oraz zaburzeń poznawczych w kontekście demograficznego starzenia się Polaków. W drugiej części zostały zaprezentowane wyniki badań empirycznych przeprowadzonych wśród seniorów wspierających osoby w wieku podeszłym z zaburzeniami
poznawczymi, których celem było uzyskanie informacji nt. motywacji, zakresu oraz częstotliwości udzielanego wsparcia i poczucia kompetencji pomocowych seniorów wspierających osoby starsze z zaburzeniami poznawczymi. Metody i materiały. Pierwsza część artykułu została oparta o analizę teoretyczną publikacji naukowych z zakresu gerontologii społecznej. W części badawczej zastosowano
analizę badań jakościowych z wykorzystaniem techniki indywidualnego wywiadu pogłębionego (IDI). Wyniki i wnioski. Powszechny proces starzenia się społeczeństwa i wzrost liczby osób starszych z zaburzeniami poznawczymi sprawia, że zapewnienie im odpowiedniego
wsparcia aktywizacyjno-opiekuńczego staje się jednym z głównych wyzwań dla polskiej polityki społecznej. Z procesem starzenia się społeczeństwa jest związana również kwestia zapewnienia odpowiednich form aktywizacyjnych dla seniorów (zwłaszcza w początkowej
fazie starzenia się). Analizując literaturę naukową z zakresu gerontologii społecznej oraz wykonane badania własne, wnioskujemy, że należy podejmować działania zachęcające seniorów do wspierania i aktywizowania swoich rówieśników z zaburzeniami poznawczymi poprzez prowadzenie działań informacyjnych, edukacyjnych oraz bezpłatnych szkoleń zwiększających wiedzę i kompetencje seniora wspierającego osoby starsze.
A Case Study on Teachers' Strategies for Teaching Reading Comprehension in the Context of Emancipated Curriculum
Authors: Nurhusliya  , Saputra Eko
Published: December 2024

An efficient classroom learning process is typically necessary to produce good lesson outcomes. The purpose of this study was to look into how teachers use the Merdeka Curriculum to teach reading comprehension. This study used a qualitative method with a case study approach, involving two English teachers who were selected as participants through a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through triangulated with interview, then analyzed thematically. The results showed that the teachers used the following strategies: (1) Think Aloud, (2) Reciprocal Teaching, and (3) SQ3R. This study contributed to provide an overview of the strategies used by teachers to teach reading comprehension and provide a reflection of how English teachers' teaching strategies reflect the implementation of the Emancipated Curriculum. Therefore, teachers need to understand the needs and characteristics of students and relate their teaching strategies to this Emancipated Curriculum.
Evaluating Dynamics of Carbon Pools Resulting from Redistribution Among Biomass Components Following Wildfires in Aberdare Afromontane Forests, Kenya
Authors: Kigomo John N. , Obwoyere Gilbert , Kirui Bernard
Published: December 2024

East African Afromontane Forests are among the carbon-rich ecosystems but their stability is mainly compromised due to seasonal wildfires. The objectives of the study were (1) to determine the impacts of wildfires on various carbon pools and (2) to evaluate carbon stock redistributions among biomass components after wildfires within Aberdare Afromontane Forest ranges, The study was conducted in nine sites that experienced wildfires in 2022 within two months after the fire occurrence. A total of 35 concentric plots of 15m radius distributed in high severity (12), low (9) and unburnt areas (14) were used. Our findings indicated that the mean carbon stock for all biomass components assessed changed from 96.4 tons C ha-1 to 46.6 tons C ha-1 due to wildfires. Most carbon stock losses were derived from litter and herbs biomass components with a combustion of 97% and 86% respectively. Further, course wood debris and dead standing trees increased with increasing wildfire severity while standing live trees and soil organic carbon decreased with increasing fire severity. Carbon redistribution from live-standing trees to dead lying and standing trees after wildfires were mainly from young small trees. This study indicates that future forest stock will have an impact on the carbon budget if urgent measures are not put in place to control and manage wildfires. The findings of this study suggest the inclusion of wildfire assessment attributes within the national forest inventory framework to assist in accounting for losses due to disturbances. Our findings can support improvement in reporting Kenya’s carbon emission factors from land use. The study recommends periodical monitoring to evaluate long-term post-fire carbon dynamics.
National School Safety Policy Alignment with Risk Management Practices in School Environment in Secondary Schools in Kericho County, Kenya
Authors: Chepngeno Dorine , Gathara Peter M. , Wawire Violet
Published: December 2024

Ensuring the safety of schools is crucial for fostering an effective learning environment. Governments globally have introduced various policies and initiatives to enhance school safety. This study investigated the adherence of safety practices in secondary schools in Bureti Sub-County, Kericho County, Kenya, to national school safety policy. Employing a descriptive survey design, the research sampled seven secondary schools, seven principals, twenty teachers, an education officer and two hundred students, using a questionnaire, interviews, and observation checklists for data collection. Data revealed that many risk management practices did not align with established safety standards, indicating significant gaps in both physical and social environments. Most stakeholders have not gotten training on school safety practices. The study emphasizes the need for schools to enhance their infrastructure to meet required safety standards and suggests exploring resource generation to improve safety measures. A safe and secure school environment is vital for increasing learner enrolment, retention, and completion rates, ultimately contributing to higher achievement and quality education. In conclusion, prioritizing the safety of learners and staff is essential for fostering a comfortable learning atmosphere.
Lessons for National Social Integration from A Case Study of Kenyatta University Culture Week Activities
Authors: Mukhebi George S.
Published: December 2024

Since independence Kenya has witnessed ugly scenes that point to possible national disintegration. Despite efforts to promote national integration and cohesion has not been fruitful. We continuously witness social and cultural incompetence among the Kenyan folks. Nepotism, negative ethnicity and other forms of disintegration are still rampant. This study establishes the reasons behind this failure to achieve integration and national cohesion. Most specifically it seeks to establish the relationship between goal consciousness in national integration efforts and the practice of the same goals. The study used Kenyatta University’s culture week activities such as drama, music, dance and plays as its case study. Kenyatta University is a micro-representation of the macro-national activities that schools, colleges and universities engage in at the national level with national integration and cohesion as the chief objective. This makes the collection of data much easier given that the research focal point is one. The study employed qualitative research approach. Through description of the attitudes towards culture week activities, the research sought to establish whether the attitudes of the participants in Kenyatta University’s culture week activities were conscious of the goals of the activities. Non probability convenience sampling was used to sample the respondents for the interview. Three respondents were selected from every academic department of the University to give a representative figure of the overall population of Kenyatta University. Interviews through semi-structured questionnaires were administered by selected research assistants. Data analysis was done thematically i.e. by categorization of related themes. Measurement of data was descriptive in nature. The study established that: the active participants in the culture week activities were less than the inactive participants thus influencing the level of awareness of the goals of the culture week activities; and two, there is need to boost awareness using other avenues. The study concludes that the culture week activities fail to achieve the desired social integration and this scenario is likely to be a replica of the macrocosm national social integration activities. It therefore recommends that: The University should adopt appropriate communicative programs that increase the awareness level among the participants in their activities of the social integration process. This can make the participants appreciate the goals of the culture week activities. The University administrators and workers who include the lecturers must work within their given code of conduct to minimize the scandalous nepotism, tribalism and favoritism within the University, thus enhancing social integration. The government of Kenya should initiate more appropriate awareness programs among the public to make them appreciate the practice of national social integration and cohesion.
Cultural Norms and Values on Sexual and Gender Violence Among Congolese Male Refugees in Kakuma Camp Kenya
Authors: Manyanya Margaret , Chesikaw Lilian , Wambu Charles
Published: December 2024

Sexual violence is a significant public health and human rights issue worldwide. Refugees and asylum seekers affected by armed conflict are particularly vulnerable. In Kenya, the extent of sexual violence in humanitarian settings remains underexplored. Although many organizations address gender-based violence, little is known about male refugees who are victims of sexual violence. This paper aims to identify how cultural norms influence sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) faced by Congolese male refugees in Kakuma Camp. The study adopted a mixed cross-sectional survey research design. The study population for this study included refugee male survivors of sexual violence within Kakuma refugee camp, Turkana West Constituency. purposive sampling was used to select male refugees who formed the sampling frame. Simple random sampling was used to select 382 male refugees and 6 key informants as the respondents. Data was collected using questionnaires and interview schedules. Data was analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative data. The key Findings revealed that Congolese male refugees in Kakuma experience various forms of SGBV, including physical abuse (46%), sexual abuse (33%), and psychological abuse (21%). Younger males (18-29 years) reported higher incidences of SGBV compared to older age groups. Cultural norms significantly impacted the reporting and perception of SGBV, with societal stigma and the pressure to conform to traditional masculine roles discouraging many victims from seeking help. The study concluded that addressing SGBV among male refugees requires a multidisciplinary approach that includes cultural sensitivity, awareness programs, and support systems tailored to the unique needs of male survivors.
Prevalence and Determinants of Depression Among University Students: Case Study, Technical University of Mombasa
Authors: Otieno Dianah , Adem Aggrey , Mumbe Beatrice , Otieno Arnold , Kamande Brian , Otieno Mishael , Mwilu Nicholas
Published: December 2024

Depression is a significant global mental health issue that affects countless individuals annually and can lead to severe consequences, including suicide. One area that has seen an increase in mental health concerns is among public university students, with many struggling with depression-related challenges and even dropping out of school. Unfortunately, there have been several reports of suicide among university students in the mainstream media. To better understand the situation, a study was conducted to determine the prevalence of depression among Technical University of Mombasa students and identify the risk factors that contribute to this condition. The study surveyed 390 students using structured questionnaires, with depression as the dependent variable and family, school, environment, and economic factors as the independent variables. Through the use of the chi-square test of independence and multiple linear regression model, the study found that 57.7% of students experienced depression, with students in year four and above being more likely to be affected than those in lower years. The study found that family, school, environment, and economic factors significantly influence depression among students, with 34.2% of the variations in depression explained by these factors. Family, school, environmental, and economic factors were found to increase depression levels by 23.8%, 12.7%, 10.6%, and 17.7%, respectively. Based on these results, the study recommended establishing peer counselling programs, raising awareness of mental health issues, creating online platforms for students to share their concerns, promoting participation in extracurricular activities, and incorporating mental health education into the university curriculum. These recommendations aim to address the rising cases of depression and promote the overall well-being of students in public universities in Kenya.
The Reality of eLearning in Kenyan Universities
Authors: Mmbwanga Florence , Etakwa Everlyn
Published: December 2024

Modern Day communication has advanced in the 21st century. This, coupled with the reality that came with the Covid-19 pandemic around the world demanded adjustments in nearly all spheres of life, particularly the education sector. Many countries adopted a teaching /learning system in which content is delivered on-line. After the pandemic, quite a number of higher learning institutions adopted a hybrid system in which a given percentage of the teaching/learning is done online and the other percentage is physical. However, there needs to be a re-examination of blended learning; bearing in mind the reality of the developing world. Online learning can only be effective if there is availability of the right equipment for communication and also internet connectivity. This paper highlights the reality in different universities in Kenya and the feeling of the learners who are the direct beneficiaries of eLearning. Learners from five universities were interviewed. The study was guided by Putnam (2000)’s Time Displacement Theory. The paper concludes that while eLearning is inescapable in the modern world, the issue of availability of smart digital devices needs to be considered if there is to be equitable access to education for all. The availability of internet alone is not enough.
Determinants of Examination Malpractices Among Kenyan Public Universities
Authors: Adem Aggrey , Onger Nicholas , Omito Lucky , Ongaki Lightfill , Wasonga Godwin , Achieng’ Meroline , Nyamusi Dorca
Published: December 2024

Examination malpractice is a major problem in many universities in Kenya and world over. Many students have been expelled or suspended, leading to either delayed graduation or non-completion of their courses altogether. This study sought to determine the factors influencing examination malpractice among Kenyan university students. Cross-sectional study design and cluster sampling were adopted. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data and data was collected from four public universities. The dependent variable was examination malpractice, while school, home, course and student factors were independent variables. Multiple linear regression was used to fit a model between examination malpractice as the dependent variable and school, home, course and student factors as the independent variables. The data collected were cleaned, coded, captured and analyzed using SPSS version 27. Results obtained showed that the prevalence of examination malpractice in Kenyan Public Universities is 56.2%. It was further noted that significant relationships exist between school factors and examination malpractice, home factors and examination malpractice, course factors and examination malpractice and student factors and examination malpractice. This study recommends that universities need to strengthen their guidance and counseling units and the parents and guardians need to regularly monitor the academic progress of  their children.
How Covid 19 Has Transformed Christian Religious Rituals in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Sabato John J.
Published: December 2024

This article examined how Covid 19 has transformed Christian religious rituals such as worship, prayer, baptism, child dedication, Holy Communion, Ash Wednesday, camp meetings, and tithing in Nairobi, Kenya. The research paper was grounded in the social evolution theory, which holds that culture generally evolves. The argument was, therefore, that since the culture gradually changes, the same is valid with the Christian rituals. In terms of methodology, the study used various data collection tools, such as questionnaires and interviews, to collect data. The targeted sample population during the research included the clergy, the church elders, and the general Christian faithful. The study utilized various sampling techniques, such as purposive sampling and stratified random sampling. The collected data was analyzed and presented in a narrative form, which involves a general description and explanation of the study findings. The study established that Covid 19 containment protocols temporarily prevented people from attending church service, but the churches resumed their operations after they were relaxed. The study, however, noted that the pandemic transformed the manner in which long-held Christian religious rituals are carried out. The study recommended reorganization of the Christian religious rituals that not only conform to the new normal of Covid 19 but also respect and uphold the spiritual importance and objective of such rituals. The study further recommended that the clergy and the Christian leadership sensitize members of their faith on the importance of vaccination to allay fears associated with COVID-19 vaccines and embrace vaccine uptake.
Acquisition of Cognitive Properties of Animal Cultural Words Based on Learners' Understanding and Output Performance
Authors: Lou Rongzhen
Published: December 2024

The mastery of the cultural connotation behind the language is one of the important criteria to measure the learners' language acquisition. The Cognitive property of words involves the cultural connotation behind the language, so it is necessary to apply the Cognitive property of words to the international Chinese education. This paper takes Chinese learners in Southeast Asian countries as the research object, and explores the Cognitive Properties of words from two aspects of learners' understanding and output. With the help of the corpus and the questionnaire survey method, it was found that Chinese learners have good understanding performance but poor output performance. The reasons are analyzed from the perspectives of mother tongue background, learning process and output environment, and put forward on teaching materials, teaching content and learning effect evaluation of Chinese teaching, in order to provide new ideas for the long-term development of international Chinese education.
Effectiveness of Tens in Pain Management During Restorative Treatment
Authors: Sardi Thekra , Amer Mohammad , Suradı Raghıb , Özbilgen Aslıhan
Published: December 2024

Aim This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) in managing pain during restorative dental treatments.
Material and method A total of 45 patients aged 18 to 41 were selected for the study. Patients were divided into two groups: 30 patients received active TENS treatment, while 15 received a placebo TENS treatment. TENS was applied for 30 minutes during cavity preparations without the use of local anesthesia. Pain levels were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) immediately after the procedure.
Results Among the active TENS group, 28 patients reported no pain during the procedure, while 2 patients experienced moderate pain. In the placebo group, pain levels ranged from 4 to 9 on the VAS. The results were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test, revealing a statistically significant difference in pain perception between the active TENS and placebo groups.
Conclusion The findings suggest that TENS is effective in reducing pain during restorative dental treatments. The application of TENS could serve as a viable alternative or adjunct to traditional analgesic methods, providing a non-invasive and cost-effective option for pain management in dental procedures. Further research is recommended to explore the broader applications of TENS in dentistry and its long-term efficacy.