bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dietary Patterns Associated with Lower 10-Year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk among Urban African-American and White Adults Consuming Western Diets
Authors: Fanelli Kuczmarski Marie , Bodt Barry , Stave Shupe Emily , Zonderman Alan , Evans Michele
Published: January 2018

The study’s objective was to determine whether variations in the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association 10-year risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) were associated with differences in food consumption and diet quality. Findings from the baseline wave of Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study 2004–2009, revealed participants consumed a Western diet. Diet quality measures, specifically the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2010, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and the Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR), based on two 24-h recalls collected during follow-up HANDLS studies from 2009–2013, were used. Reported foods were assigned to 27 groups. In this cross-sectional analysis, the participants (n = 2140) were categorized into tertiles based on their 10-year ASCVD risk. Lower and upper tertiles were used to determine significantly different consumption rates among the food groups. Ten groups were used in hierarchical case clustering to generate four dietary patterns (DPs) based on group energy contribution. The DP with the highest HEI-2010 score included sandwiches along with vegetables and cheese/yogurt. This DP, along with the pizza/sandwiches DP, had significantly higher DASH and MAR scores and a lower 10-year ASCVD risk, compared to the remaining two DPs–meats/sandwiches and sandwiches/bakery products; thus, Western dietary patterns were associated with different levels of ASCVD 10-year risk.
A Preliminary Study for Evaluating the Dose-Dependent Effect of d-Allulose for Fat Mass Reduction in Adult Humans: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Han Youngji , Kwon Eun-Young , Yu Mi , Lee Seon , Kim Hye-Jin , Kim Seong-Bo , Kim Yang , Choi Myung-Sook
Published: January 2018

d-allulose is a rare sugar with zero energy that can be consumed by obese/overweight individuals. Many studies have suggested that zero-calorie d-allulose has beneficial effects on obesity-related metabolism in mouse models, but only a few studies have been performed on human subjects. Therefore, we performed a preliminary study with 121 Korean subjects (aged 20–40 years, body mass index ≥ 23 kg/m2). A randomized controlled trial involving placebo control (sucralose, 0.012 g × 2 times/day), low d-allulose (d-allulose, 4 g × 2 times/day), and high d-allulose (d-allulose, 7 g × 2 times/day) groups was designed. Parameters for body composition, nutrient intake, computed tomography (CT) scan, and plasma lipid profiles were assessed. Body fat percentage and body fat mass were significantly decreased following d-allulose supplementation. The high d-allulose group revealed a significant decrease in not only body mass index (BMI), but also total abdominal and subcutaneous fat areas measured by CT scans compared to the placebo group. There were no significant differences in nutrient intake, plasma lipid profiles, markers of liver and kidney function, and major inflammation markers among groups. These results provide useful information on the dose-dependent effect of d-allulose for overweight/obese adult humans. Based on these results, the efficacy of d-allulose for body fat reduction needs to be validated using dual energy X-ray absorption.
A Randomized Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial Investigating the Effect of Fish Oil Supplementation on Gene Expression Related to Insulin Action, Blood Lipids, and Inflammation in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus-Fish Oil Supplementation and Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Jamilian Mehri , Samimi Mansooreh , Mirhosseini Naghmeh , Afshar Ebrahimi Faraneh , Aghadavod Esmat , Taghizadeh Mohsen , Asemi Zatollah
Published: January 2018

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication of pregnancy, and it is mostly associated with postpartum diabetes, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Fish oil (omega-3) supplementation has been shown to reduce the risk of different chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancers, though the evidence of its impact on gestational diabetes is scarce. Our goal in this study was to determine the effect of fish oil administration on gene expression related to insulin action, blood lipids, and inflammation in women with GDM. Participants with GDM (n = 40), aged 18–40 years, were randomized to take either 1000 mg fish oil capsules, containing 180 mg eicosapentaenoic acid and 120 mg docosahexaenoic acid (n = 20), or placebo (n = 20) twice a day for 6 weeks. Gene expression related to insulin, lipids, and inflammation was quantified in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of GDM women using Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) method. Results of RT-PCR indicated that omega-3 supplementation upregulated gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) (P = 0.04) in PBMCs of patients with GDM, compared with the placebo. In addition, gene expression of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) (P < 0.001), interleukin-1 (IL-1) (P = 0.007), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (P = 0.01) was downregulated in PBMCs of women with GDM, following omega-3 supplementation. No significant effect of omega-3 supplementation was indicated on gene expression of IL-8 in PBMCs of patients with GDM. Overall, fish oil supplementation for 6 weeks in women with GDM significantly improved gene expression of PPAR-γ, IL-1, and TNF-α, but not gene expression of IL-8.
Breast Milk Lipidome Is Associated with Early Growth Trajectory in Preterm Infants
Authors: Alexandre-Gouabau Marie-Cécile , Moyon Thomas , Cariou Véronique , Antignac Jean-Philippe , Qannari El , Croyal Mikaël , Soumah Mohamed , Guitton Yann , David-Sochard Agnès , Billard Hélène , Legrand Arnaud , Boscher Cécile , Darmaun Dominique , Rozé Jean-Christophe , Boquien Clair-Yves
Published: January 2018

Human milk is recommended for feeding preterm infants. The current pilot study aims to determine whether breast-milk lipidome had any impact on the early growth-pattern of preterm infants fed their own mother’s milk. A prospective-monocentric-observational birth-cohort was established, enrolling 138 preterm infants, who received their own mother’s breast-milk throughout hospital stay. All infants were ranked according to the change in weight Z-score between birth and hospital discharge. Then, we selected infants who experienced “slower” (n = 15, −1.54 ± 0.42 Z-score) or “faster” (n = 11, −0.48 ± 0.19 Z-score) growth; as expected, although groups did not differ regarding gestational age, birth weight Z-score was lower in the “faster-growth” group (0.56 ± 0.72 vs. −1.59 ± 0.96). Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry lipidomic signatures combined with multivariate analyses made it possible to identify breast-milk lipid species that allowed clear-cut discrimination between groups. Validation of the selected biomarkers was performed using multidimensional statistical, false-discovery-rate and ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) tools. Breast-milk associated with faster growth contained more medium-chain saturated fatty acid and sphingomyelin, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA)-containing phosphethanolamine, and less oleic acid-containing triglyceride and DGLA-oxylipin. The ability of such biomarkers to predict early-growth was validated in presence of confounding clinical factors but remains to be ascertained in larger cohort studies.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the In Vivo Haemodynamic Effects of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol
Authors: Sultan Salahaden , Millar Sophie , O’Sullivan Saoirse , England Timothy
Published: January 2018

∆9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) has complex effects on the cardiovascular system. We aimed to systematically review studies of THC and haemodynamic alterations. PubMed, Medline, and EMBASE were searched for relevant studies. Changes in blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and blood flow (BF) were analysed using the Cochrane Review Manager Software. Thirty-one studies met the eligibility criteria. Fourteen publications assessed BP (number, n = 541), 22 HR (n = 567), and 3 BF (n = 45). Acute THC dosing reduced BP and HR in anaesthetised animals (BP, mean difference (MD) −19.7 mmHg, p < 0.00001; HR, MD −53.49 bpm, p < 0.00001), conscious animals (BP, MD −12.3 mmHg, p = 0.0007; HR, MD −30.05 bpm, p < 0.00001), and animal models of stress or hypertension (BP, MD −61.37 mmHg, p = 0.03) and increased cerebral BF in murine stroke models (MD 32.35%, p < 0.00001). Chronic dosing increased BF in large arteries in anaesthetised animals (MD 21.95 mL/min, p = 0.05) and reduced BP in models of stress or hypertension (MD −22.09 mmHg, p < 0.00001). In humans, acute administration increased HR (MD 8.16 bpm, p < 0.00001). THC acts differently according to species and experimental conditions, causing bradycardia, hypotension and increased BF in animals; and causing increased HR in humans. Data is limited, and further studies assessing THC-induced haemodynamic changes in humans should be considered.
PNIPAM-MAPOSS Hybrid Hydrogels with Excellent Swelling Behavior and Enhanced Mechanical Performance: Preparation and Drug Release of 5-Fluorouracil
Authors: Li Peihong , Hou Xiaoman , Qu Lijie , Dai Xueyan , Zhang Chunling
Published: January 2018

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) is a widely-studied polymers due to its excellent temperature sensitivity. PNIPAM-MAPOSS hybrid hydrogel, based on the introduction of acrylolsobutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (MAPOSS) into the PNIPAM matrix in the presence of polyethylene glycol, was prepared via radical polymerization. The modified hydrogels exhibited a thick, heterogeneous porous structure. PEG was used as a pore-forming agent to adjust the pore size. MAPOSS reduced the swelling ratios of gels, and decreased the LCST, causing the hydrogels to shrink at lower temperatures. However, its hydrophobicity helped to improve the temperature response rate. The incorporation of rigid MAPOSS into the polymer network greatly increased the compressive modulus of the hydrogel. It is worth noting that, by adjusting the amount of MAPOSS and PEG, the hydrogel could have both ideal mechanical properties and swelling behavior. In addition, hydrogel containing 8.33 wt % MAPOSS could achieve stable and sustained drug release. Thus, the prepared PNIPAM-MAPOSS hybrid hydrogel can serve as drug carrier for 5-fluorouracil and may have potential application in other biomedical fields.
Structural Health Monitoring of Railway Transition Zones Using Satellite Radar Data
Authors: Wang Haoyu , Chang Ling , Markine Valeri
Published: January 2018

Transition zones in railway tracks are locations with considerable changes in the rail-supporting structure. Typically, they are located near engineering structures, such as bridges, culverts and tunnels. In such locations, severe differential settlements often occur due to the different material properties and structure behavior. Without timely maintenance, the differential settlement may lead to the damage of track components and loss of passenger’s comfort. To ensure the safety of railway operations and reduce the maintenance costs, it is necessary to consecutively monitor the structural health condition of the transition zones in an economical manner and detect the changes at an early stage. However, using the current in situ monitoring of transition zones is hard to achieve this goal, because most in situ techniques (e.g., track-measuring coaches) are labor-consuming and usually not frequently performed (approximately twice a year in the Netherlands). To tackle the limitations of the in situ techniques, a Satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) system is presented in this paper, which provides a potential solution for a consecutive structural health monitoring of transition zones with bi-/tri-weekly data update and mm-level precision. To demonstrate the feasibility of the InSAR system for monitoring transition zones, a transition zone is tested. The results show that the differential settlement in the transition zone and the settlement rate can be observed and detected by the InSAR measurements. Moreover, the InSAR results are cross-validated against measurements obtained using a measuring coach and a Digital Image Correlation (DIC) device. The results of the three measuring techniques show a good correlation, which proves the applicability of InSAR for the structural health monitoring of transition zones in railway track.
Understanding Stakeholders’ Views and the Influence of the Socio-Cultural Dimension on the Adoption of Solar Energy Technology in Lebanon
Authors: Elmustapha Houda , Hoppe Thomas , Bressers Hans
Published: January 2018

In light of climate change and global commitments, a great amount of programs and policies have been implemented by governments targeting the diffusion of renewable energy technologies. Successful diffusion relies on the understanding, persuasion and acceptance by consumers and other stakeholders. This article investigates the views, roles and influence of stakeholders on the adoption of solar energy technology in Lebanon. The main research questions are: What are the stakeholders’ views, roles and influence on the diffusion process of solar energy technologies? And are specific socio-cultural factors therein that influenced adoption? The influence of different stakeholders (end users, public representatives, banking sector, suppliers, consultants and NGOs) was assessed via qualitative data analysis, in particular semi-structured interviews. Our research perspective combines grounded and critical theoretical approaches with a case study research design allowing for a semi-inductive process to elaborate and complement new insights to the current body of literature on adoption of clean technology innovation, with a particular focus on the socio-cultural dimension. The results show that contextual factors, specifically related to the social, cultural, geographic and market dimensions, played a crucial role in shaping market development, especially in relation to the uptake of solar energy technology by different consumer groups. Based on the results of this study we argue that more scholarly attention should be awarded to the influence of the socio-cultural dimension and stakeholders’ perspectives on adoption of renewable energy technology.
Energy Recovery from the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste: A Real Options-Based Facility Assessment
Authors: Ranieri Luigi , Mossa Giorgio , Pellegrino Roberta , Digiesi Salvatore
Published: January 2018

During the last years, due to the strict regulations on waste landfilling, anaerobic digestion (AD) of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) is increasingly considered a sustainable alternative for waste stabilization and energy recovery. AD can reduce the volume of OFMSW going to landfill and produce, at the same time, biogas and compost, all at a profit. The uncertainty about the collected quantity of organic fraction, however, may undermine the economic-financial sustainability of such plants. While the flexibility characterizing some AD technologies may prove very valuable in uncertain contexts since it allows adapting plant capacity to changing environments, the investment required for building flexible systems is generally higher than the investment for dedicated equipment. Hence, an adequate justification of investments in these flexible systems is needed. This paper presents the results of a study aimed at investigating how different technologies may perform from technical, economic and financial standpoints, in presence of an uncertain organic fraction quantity to be treated. Focusing on two AD treatment plant configurations characterized by a technological process with different degree of flexibility, a real options-based model is developed and then applied to the case of the urban waste management system of the Metropolitan Area of Bari (Italy). Results show the importance of pricing the flexibility of treatment plants, which becomes a critical factor in presence of an uncertain organic fraction. Hence, it has to be taken into consideration in the design phase of these plants.
Social Sustainability in Metropolitan Areas: Accessibility and Equity in the Case of the Metropolitan Area of Valencia (Spain)
Authors: Pitarch-Garrido Maria-Dolores
Published: January 2018

By definition, sustainable development includes environmental, economic and social dimensions. Scholars have paid little attention to the latter, although greater interest has been seen in recent years due to the growing strength of the idea that development without equity is not development. Within this context, moreover, urban spaces present complex structures that make it difficult to address sustainable development goals without adequate territorial planning. The aims of the present article are twofold: to expound a conceptual line of thinking to define the social dimension of sustainability—while aware that it is inseparable from the other two—and to propose a simple measurement method based on the accessibility of public services. This method uses time-distance as the measure through which to understand socio-spatial equity. It is based on using GIS tools for a case study—in this case, the city of Valencia—and on the concept of spatial equity as the basis of social sustainability.
Contribution of Quality Management Practices to Sustainability Performance of Vietnamese Firms
Authors: Nguyen Minh , Phan Anh , Matsui Yoshiki
Published: January 2018

This study seeks to investigate the relationship between quality management practices and sustainability performance as well as the moderating effects from quality management implementation timeline, type of industry, and firm size on this relationship. Data were collected from enterprises in Vietnam from July 2016 to March 2017. Based on a sample of 144 valid responses, empirical results indicate that quality management practices have mixed impacts on economic performance and environmental performance, while show positive impact on social performance. The results found four quality management practices that have significantly positive impact on sustainability performance: top management support for quality management, design for quality, quality data and reporting, and continuous improvement. These practices could be considered as critical quality management factors that significantly contribute to sustainability goals. Furthermore, the study found significant moderating effects of three contextual factors on the relationship between quality management practices and sustainability performance. The study enriches the literature on quality management and sustainability management, and offers some important insights into efficient allocation of resources to achieve sustainability goals.
An Improved Method for the Sensitive Detection of Shiga Toxin 2 in Human Serum
Authors: He Xiaohua , Ardissino Gianluigi , Patfield Stephanie , Cheng Luisa , Silva Christopher , Brigotti Maurizio
Published: January 2018

Shiga toxins (Stx) released by Stx-producing E. coli (STEC) are virulence factors that are most closely associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), a life-threatening complication of intestinal infections by STEC. Stx have to enter into the circulatory system before they are delivered to target organs and cause damage. The presence of Stx in sera could be a risk indicator for HUS development. However, the detection of Stx, particularly Stx2, has been difficult due to the presence of Stx2-binding components in human serum. Here, we report new ELISA-based methods for the detection of Stx1 and Stx2 in human serum and the effect of guanidinium chloride on enhancing the sensitivity for the detection of Stx2. The recovery rate for Stx2 was 62% when Stx2-spiked serum samples were treated with guanidinium chloride at a concentration of 200 mM, in contrast to 17% without guanidinium chloride treatment. The effectiveness of guanidinium chloride treatment for the detection of Stx2 in human serum was validated using sera from STEC-infected patients. Coimmunoprecipitation results indicated a specific physical interaction between Stx2 and the human serum amyloid P component (HuSAP) in human serum samples. Our in vitro study demonstrated that the inhibition from HuSAP alone for the detection of Stx2 was only 20%, much less than 69.6% from human serum at Stx2 level 10 ng/mL, suggesting that there may be other factors that bind Stx2 in human serum. This study indicates that treatment of serum samples with guanidinium chloride may be useful for the early and sensitive detection of Stx2 in sera of STEC-infected patients, so preventive measures can be adopted in a timely manner.
Development and Validation of a UPLC-MS/MS and UPLC-HR-MS Method for the Determination of Fumonisin B1 and Its Hydrolysed Metabolites and Fumonisin B2 in Broiler Chicken Plasma
Authors: De Baere Siegrid , Croubels Siska , Novak Barbara , Bichl Gerlinde , Antonissen Gunther
Published: January 2018

A sensitive and specific method for the quantitative determination of Fumonisin B1 (FB1), its partially hydrolysed metabolites pHFB1a+b and hydrolysed metabolite HFB1, and Fumonisin B2 (FB2) in broiler chicken plasma using ultra-performance liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed. The sample preparation was rapid, straightforward and consisted of a deproteinization and phospholipid removal step using an Oasis® OstroTM 96-well plate. Chromatography was performed on an Acquity HSS-T3 column, using 0.3% formic acid and 10 mM ammonium formate in water, and acetonitrile as mobile phases. The MS/MS instrument was operated in the positive electrospray ionization mode and the two multiple reaction monitoring transitions were monitored for each component for quantification and identification, respectively. The method was validated in-house: matrix-matched calibration graphs were prepared and good linearity (r ≥ 0.99) was achieved over the concentration ranges tested (1–500 ng/mL for FB1 and FB2; 0.86–860 ng/mL for pHFB1a; 0.72–1430 ng/mL for pHFB1b and 2.5–2500 ng/mL for HFB1). Limits of quantification (LOQ) and detection (LOD) in plasma ranged between 0.72 to 2.5 ng/mL and 0.03 to 0.17 ng/mL, respectively. The results for the within-day and between-day precision and accuracy fell within the specified ranges. Moreover, the method was transferred to an UPLC high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) instrument in order to determine potential metabolites of HFB1, such as N-acyl-HFB1s and phase II metabolites. The method has been successfully applied to investigate the toxicokinetics and biotransformation of HFB1 in broiler chickens.
Research on Validity Examination of Simulated Results of Eggplant Water Requirements with Drip Irrigation under Mulch in Sunlight Greenhouse
Authors: Wang Shunsheng , Li Bo , Gong Xuewen
Published: January 2018

In order to explore the validity of the single and dual crop coefficient approaches in sunlight greenhouses, eggplant with drip irrigation was taken as the study object, and the crop water requirement was calculated via field experiments in a sunlight greenhouse. Results indicated that the results of the two model simulations are satisfactory. Model parameters of the single crop coefficient approach are perfect with a correlation index (R2) of 0.8374, a regression coefficient of 0.8281, an average mean absolute error of 0.2335 mm/day, an average standard error of 0.28 mm/day, a consistency index of relative unbiasedness of 0.9530, and a residual variance of 0.0785. For the dual crop coefficient approach, the model parameters had a correlation index (R2) of 0.8597, a regression coefficient of 0.8220, an average mean absolute error of 0.2196 mm/day, an average standard error of 0.27 mm/day, a consistency index of relative unbiasedness of 0.9543, and a residual variance of 0.0685. The results indicated that the dual crop coefficient model was better than the single crop coefficient model. Our research can provide some reference for the study of crop water requirements with drip irrigation under mulch in a sunlight greenhouse.
Determining Surface Infiltration Rate of Permeable Pavements with Digital Imaging
Authors: Valeo Caterina , Gupta Rishi
Published: January 2018

Cell phone images of pervious pavement surfaces were used to explore relationships between surface infiltration rates (SIR) measured using the ASTM C1701 standard test and using a simple falling head test. A fiber-reinforced porous asphalt surface and a highly permeable material comprised of stone, rubber and a polymer binder (Porous Pave) were tested. Images taken with a high-resolution cellphone camera were acquired as JPEG files and converted to gray scale images in Matlab® for analysis. The distribution of gray levels was compared to the surface infiltration rates obtained for both pavements with attention given to the mean of the distribution. Investigation into the relationships between mean SIR and parameters determined from the gray level distribution produced in the image analysis revealed that mean SIR measured in both pavements were proportional to the inverse of the mean of the distribution. The relationships produced a coefficient of determination over 85% using both the ASTM and the falling head test in the porous asphalt surface. SIR measurements determined with the ASTM method were highly correlated with the inverse mean of the distribution of gray levels in the Porous Pave material as well, producing coefficients of determination of over 90% and Kendall’s tau-b of roughly 70% for nonparametric data.
Photocatalytic and adsorption properties of TiO2-pillared montmorillonite obtained by hydrothermally activated intercalation of titanium polyhydroxo complexes
Authors: Butman Mikhail F , Ovchinnikov Nikolay L , Karasev Nikita S , Kochkina Nataliya E , Agafonov Alexander V , Vinogradov Alexandr V
Published: January 2018

We report on a new approach for the synthesis of TiO2-pillared montmorillonite, where the pillars exhibit a high degree of crystallinity (nanocrystals) representing a mixture of anatase and rutile phases. The structures exhibit improved adsorption and photocatalytic activity as a result of hydrothermally activated intercalation of titanium polyhydroxo complexes (i.e., TiCl4 hydrolysis products) in a solution with a concentration close to the sol formation limit. The materials, produced at various annealing temperatures from the intercalated samples, were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)/thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements, and liquefied nitrogen adsorption/desorption. The photocatalytic activity of the TiO2-pillared materials was studied using the degradation of anionic (methyl orange, MO) and cationic (rhodamine B, RhB) dyes in water under UV irradiation. The combined effect of adsorption and photocatalysis resulted in removal of 100% MO and 97.5% RhB (with an initial concentration of 40 mg/L and a photocatalyst-sorbent concentration of 1 g/L) in about 100 minutes. The produced TiO2-pillared montmorillonite showed increased photocatalytic activity as compared to the commercially available photocatalyst Degussa P25.
Chemical Modeling for Predicting the Abundances of Certain Aldimines and Amines in Hot Cores
Authors: Sil Milan , Gorai Prasanta , Das Ankan , Bhat Bratati , Etim Emmanuel E. , Chakrabarti Sandip K.
Published: January 2018

We consider six isomeric groups (

, 

, 

,  

, and

) to review the presence of amines and aldimines within the interstellar medium (ISM). Each of these groups contains at least one aldimine or amine. Methanimine (

) from

and methylamine (

) from

isomeric group were detected a few decades ago. Recently, the presence of ethanimine (

) from

isomeric group has been discovered in the ISM. This prompted us to investigate the possibility of detecting any aldimine or amine from the very next three isomeric groups in this sequence:

,

, and

. We employ high-level quantum chemical calculations to estimate accurate energies of all the species. According to enthalpies of formation, optimized energies, and expected intensity ratio, we found that ethylamine (precursor of glycine) from

isomeric group, (1Z)-1-propanimine from

isomeric group, and trimethylamine from

isomeric group are the most viable candidates for the future astronomical detection. Based on our quantum chemical calculations and from other approximations (from prevailing similar types of reactions), a complete set of reaction pathways to the synthesis of ethylamine and (1Z)-1-propanimine is prepared. Moreover, a large gas-grain chemical model is employed to study the presence of these species in the ISM. Our modeling results suggest that ethylamine and (1Z)-1-propanimine could efficiently be formed in hot-core regions and could be observed with present astronomical facilities. Radiative transfer modeling is also implemented to additionally aid their discovery in interstellar space.
Atmospheric Circulations of Hot Jupiters as Planetary Heat Engines
Authors: Koll Daniel D. B. , Komacek Thaddeus D.
Published: January 2018

Because of their intense incident stellar irradiation and likely tidally locked spin states, hot Jupiters are expected to have wind speeds that approach or exceed the speed of sound. In this work, we develop a theory to explain the magnitude of these winds. We model hot Jupiters as planetary heat engines and show that hot Jupiters are always less efficient than an ideal Carnot engine. Next, we demonstrate that our predicted wind speeds match those from three-dimensional numerical simulations over a broad range of parameters. Finally, we use our theory to evaluate how well different drag mechanisms can match the wind speeds observed with Doppler spectroscopy for HD 189733b and HD 209458b. We find that magnetic drag is potentially too weak to match the observations for HD 189733b, but is compatible with the observations for HD 209458b. In contrast, shear instabilities and/or shocks are compatible with both observations. Furthermore, the two mechanisms predict different wind speed trends for hotter and colder planets than currently observed. As a result, we propose that a wider range of Doppler observations could reveal multiple drag mechanisms at play across different hot Jupiters.
Constraints on the OH-to-H Abundance Ratio in Infrared-bright Galaxies Derived from the Strength of the OH 35 μm Absorption Feature
Authors: Stone Myra , Veilleux Sylvain , González-Alfonso Eduardo , Spoon Henrik , Sturm Eckhard
Published: January 2018

We analyze Spitzer/InfraRed Spectrograph (IRS) observations of the OH 35 μm feature in 15 nearby (

) (ultra-)luminous infrared galaxies (U/LIRGs). All objects exhibit OH 35 μm purely in absorption, as expected. The small optical depth of this transition makes the strength of this feature a good indicator of the true OH column density. The measured OH 35 μm equivalent widths imply an average OH column density and a 1-σ standard deviation to the mean of

cm−2. This number is then compared with the hydrogen column density for a typical optical depth at 35 μm of ∼0.5 and gas-to-dust ratio of 125 to derive an OH-to-H abundance ratio of

. This abundance ratio is formally a lower limit. It is consistent with the values generally assumed in the literature. The OH 35 μm line profiles predicted from published radiative transfer models constrained by observations of OH 65, 79, 84, and 119 μm in 5 objects (Mrk 231, Mrk 273, IRAS F05189-2524, IRAS F08572+3915, and IRAS F20551-4250) are also found to be consistent with the IRS OH 35 μm spectra.
Type Ia Supernova Distances at Redshift >1.5 from the Hubble Space Telescope Multi-cycle Treasury Programs: The Early Expansion Rate
Authors: Riess Adam G. , Rodney Steven A. , Scolnic Daniel M. , Shafer Daniel L. , Strolger Louis-Gregory , Ferguson Henry C. , Postman Marc , Graur Or , Maoz Dan , Jha Saurabh W. , Mobasher Bahram , Casertano Stefano , Hayden Brian , Molino Alberto , Hjorth Jens , Garnavich Peter M. , Jones David O. , Kirshner Robert P. , Koekemoer Anton M. , Grogin Norman A. , Brammer Gabriel , Hemmati Shoubaneh , Dickinson Mark , Challis Peter M. , Wolff Schuyler , Clubb Kelsey I. , Filippenko Alexei V. , Nayyeri Hooshang , Vivian U , Koo David C. , Faber Sandra M. , Kocevski Dale , Bradley Larry , Coe Dan
Published: January 2018

We present an analysis of 15 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) at redshift

(9 at

) recently discovered in the CANDELS and CLASH Multi-Cycle Treasury programs using WFC3 on the Hubble Space Telescope. We combine these SNe Ia with a new compilation of ∼1050 SNe Ia, jointly calibrated and corrected for simulated survey biases to produce accurate distance measurements. We present unbiased constraints on the expansion rate at six redshifts in the range

based only on this combined SN Ia sample. The added leverage of our new sample at

leads to a factor of ∼3 improvement in the determination of the expansion rate at z = 1.5, reducing its uncertainty to ∼20%, a measurement of

. We then demonstrate that these six derived expansion rate measurements alone provide a nearly identical characterization of dark energy as the full SN sample, making them an efficient compression of the SN Ia data. The new sample of SNe Ia at

usefully distinguishes between alternative cosmological models and unmodeled evolution of the SN Ia distance indicators, placing empirical limits on the latter. Finally, employing a realistic simulation of a potential Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope SN survey observing strategy, we forecast optimistic future constraints on the expansion rate from SNe Ia.
Le psychanalyste dans les médias
Authors: Milan Betty
Published: January 2018

Comment un psychanalyste peut-il écrire dans un grand média sans céder aux impératifs de masse ou sans tomber dans des généralités que n’autorise pas la psychanalyse ? En prenant le risque de répondre au courrier sentimental en s’inspirant du style de Sénèque dans un grand journal, l’auteur expérimente que la théorie analytique nous permet d’utiliser la méthode traditionnelle dans d’autres cadres que ceux de la cure et du divan. « Ainsi ai-je transmis ce que je savais sans répondre à telle ou telle demande et sans faire aucune concession. »
L’altérité contemporaine
Authors: Petros Ana , Paz Eugenia
Published: January 2018

La diversité, ce qui est distinct, ce qui est différent, énonce peut-être seulement des nuances pour nommer une même opération fondatrice du sujet : sa relation à l’altérité ; l’extérieur réunissant ce qui correspond à une collectivité à laquelle on ne veut pas appartenir. La jouissance de l’ autre a toujours été une perturbation que ce soit parce qu’il jouit d’une façon que je n’admets pas ou bien d’une façon que je ne me permets pas. Ce refus est en rapport étroit avec le racisme. Dans tout cela, qu’est-ce qui possède une connotation d’actualité ? Le fait que ce qui est différent et ce qui est divers ne se cachent plus dans aucun placard, mais bien qu’ils sont revenus du dehors pour prendre place entre le tissu social auquel nous ne pouvons pas nous empêcher d’appartenir. Or, quelques discours contemporains essaieront de rehausser l’affirmation qu’il existe des sexualités au lieu de la sexualité. La psychanalyse doit donc formuler sa position et peut-être se poser des questions nouvelles. Je propose de commencer en comprenant que le sujet ne se constitue pas par la différence sexuelle biologique, mais bien par ce qui se trouve au-delà de celle-ci : la distinction sexuelle qui provient du signifiant. Précisément, la distinction sexuelle ne détermine pas les façons de jouir. Il n’existe pas de pathologie de jouissance ni non plus aucune norme. En tout cas, disons-le, jouir est divers . Cependant, nous remarquons qu’en essayant d’éluder cette distinction, la quête d’« identités nouvelles » (nommées angélique, transsexuelle, genre neutre, indifférenciée, etc.) fait subir le prix de l’abjection en raison de ce qui n’est pas atteint. Disons que, pour n’importe quel sujet, aucune des options sexuelles ne pourra dissoudre ce que la sexualité énonce : la sexualité, dès sa propre constitution, est toujours manquée.
Lighting the Underground: London, 1863-1914
Authors: Dennis Richard
Published: January 2018

Contrairement à la plupart des espaces publics et domestiques qui nécessitent une illumination artificielle seulement pendant la nuit, les espaces publics souterrains doivent être illuminés en permanence. Cet article explore l’éclairage des premières lignes ferroviaires souterraines de Londres à la deuxième moitié du XIX e siècle, lorsque l’éclairage au gaz et la locomotion à la vapeur soulèvent des problèmes particuliers. Nous analysons trois environnements différents : l’éclairage des quais de gare, des tunnels et des voitures. Dans les représentations artistiques, les rythmes des trajets en train s’entremêlent avec les rythmes du passage des stations éclairées vers les tunnels sombres ou, le jour, du passage des tunnels ombragés vers la lumière naturelle des voies ouvertes et des puits d’aération. Aussi bien éclairés que pouvaient être les trains et les stations, il restait encore des espaces - sombres aux abords de nombreuses stations qui continuaient de constituer un risque pour ceux qui traversaient la ville la nuit.
La conquête du boulevard périphérique parisien par la publicité lumineuse
Authors: Le Gallic Stéphanie
Published: January 2018

La publicité lumineuse avait vu le jour au cœur de la capitale, place de l’Opéra, à la fin du XIX e siècle. Elle est aujourd’hui prépondérante sur les abords du boulevard périphérique. Ce déplacement vers les marges de la ville peut être interprété comme le résultat d’un urbanisme de compromis, fruit d’un consensus officieux reconnaissant le déclassement du boulevard périphérique par rapport aux quartiers centraux. Considéré comme un « non-lieu », le boulevard est desservi par une architecture relativement pauvre et est dévalorisé par sa fonction exclusivement utilitaire. C’est pourquoi, il ne suscita guère d’attentions et de précautions de la part des pouvoirs publics et commence à recevoir ses premiers supports de publicité lumineuse au fur et à mesure de sa construction.
Substance Use Disorder: Efficacy of Educational Strategies in Delaware
Authors: Zickafoose Pamela C.
Published: January 2018

Background:

Substance use disorder (SUD) is a national epidemic. The problem is underreported and gaps exist in nurses' knowledge pertaining to recognizing and reporting nurses with an SUD. The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of an educational intervention on SUD to meet the continuing education (CE) requirement for relicensure.

Method:

A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest design was used to determine whether an increase in scores occurred following completion of the National Council of State Boards of Nursing Learning Extension's online course, titled Understanding Substance Use Disorder in Nursing. Eighty-six nurses started the online course.

Results:

Sixty-eight of the 86 nurses completed the online course. An increase of 22% (
p
< .001) was observed when pre- and posttest scores were compared, suggesting an increase in nurses' knowledge about SUD.

Conclusion:

Online CE courses are an effective means to increase SUD knowledge for nurses.

J Contin Nurs Educ.
2018;49(1):42–48.
Dishonest Behavior in the Classroom and Clinical Setting: Perceptions and Engagement
Authors: McClung Emily Lauren , Schneider Joanne Kraenzle
Published: January 2018

Background:

Nursing students sometimes engage in academically dishonest behaviors despite honor codes and policies. We believe that learning more about nursing students' perceptions of and engagement in academically dishonest behaviors will aid faculty in crafting more effective codes, policies, and educational modules.

Method:

Baccalaureate nursing students from accredited programs across the nation were invited to participate in an online cross-sectional descriptive correlational survey. Data were analyzed using descriptive and correlational statistics.

Results:

Nursing students do not perceive all academically dishonest behavior as dishonest. There is a positive relationship between perceptions of behaviors in the classroom and clinical setting. Students have higher rates of engagement in behaviors they do not perceive as dishonest. Those who engage in the behaviors considered dishonest have higher rates of rationalization.

Conclusion:

Faculty need to delineate to students what behaviors are deemed dishonest in a course. Eliminating ambiguity has potential to reduce engagement in dishonest behavior. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(2):79–87.]
Teaching Methodologies for End-of-Life Care in Undergraduate Nursing Students
Authors: Carmack Jennifer N. , Kemery Stephanie
Published: January 2018

Background:

The purpose of this literature review was to explore methodologies for teaching end-of-life (EOL) care to undergraduate nursing students.

Method:

Articles were retrieved by searching CINAHL, Academic Search Complete, and MEDLINE databases using the terms
terminal care
,
palliative care
,
end of life care
,
undergraduate nurs
*,
hospice care
,
baccalaureate nurs*
,
prelicensure nurs*
,
palliative nurs
*,
training
, and
undergraduate education
. A total of 728 articles were preliminarily evaluated for inclusion, with 22 relevant to this literature review.

Results:

A variety of teaching methods have been studied for efficacy in undergraduate nursing education.

Conclusion:

Comparisons are limited by inconsistencies in instrumentation and the use of multiple teaching strategies in individual studies. More information is needed regarding the effect of interventions on clinical practice. Educational activities should be integrated throughout the learning experience and include elements of didactic teaching, clinical experiences, and application in simulation, including a focus on interprofessional education. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(2):96–100.]
Interprofessional Education on Adverse Childhood Experiences for Associate Degree Nursing Students
Authors: Olsen Jeanette M. , Warring Sarah L.
Published: January 2018

Background:

The health impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is significant. Nurses need knowledge and must work in multidisciplinary teams to address this problem. This study examined the effects of an interprofessional education (IPE) activity with nonhealth care students on associate degree nursing (ADN) students' ACEs knowledge and perspectives on IPE.

Method:

The mixed-methods approach used a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest design with an intervention and control group and thematic analysis of focus group data.

Results:

Readiness for Interprofessional Learning scale mean scores indicated positive baseline IPE perspectives. Scores changed minimally for most measures in both the intervention and control groups on posttest. However, four major relevant themes related to ACEs knowledge and two related to interprofessional learning were identified.

Conclusion:

IPE with nonhealth care students is an effective way to teach ADN students about ACEs and infuse interprofessional learning in a nonuniversity setting. However, outcomes are best captured with qualitative data. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(2):101–105.]
Catalyst for Growth: The Implications of Co-Curricular Experiences for Nursing Education
Authors: Davis Jeremy N. , Sullivan Katherine , Guzman Anissa
Published: January 2018

Background:

Co-curricular experiences provide an opportunity for learning outside of a university classroom. A co-curricular retreat was developed to engage students, faculty, and staff in learning about social justice. Through guided activities and deep discussions, participants explored privileged and oppressed identities in a safe environment.

Method:

Pre- and postsurveys were collected. Quantitative and qualitative data, including personal narratives from two nurse educators, were described.

Results:

Participants reported feeling less confident about their knowledge about socially constructed identities after the retreat, with deepened awareness of a need to learn.

Conclusion:

Co-curricular retreat exercises led to new insights among student and nurse educator participants, which stimulated ongoing education. Exploration of personal identities is a beginning step toward cultural competence—an essential quality in the nursing profession. Co-curricular experiences focused on social justice having implications for promoting social justice—a core nursing value—as well as developing cultural competence among nursing students and nurse educators. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(2):110–114.]
Are You Ready for Change?
Authors: Limandri Barbara J.
Published: January 2018

Under the direction of the Journal's new Psychopharmacology Section Editor, a different approach will be taken: psychotropic drugs will be classified based on their neurobiological mechanism of action in the brain. This approach focuses on how the drug acts on brain cells and neurotransmitters involved in the specific symptoms presented by patients. The current article introduces the approach and will help clinicians think about medications as they relate to the neurobiological functions they are trying to correct. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 56
(2), 11–13.]
Introduction : Les collaborateurs d’élus, des acteurs au cœur des entreprises politiques
Authors: Beauvallet Willy , Michon Sébastien
Published: January 2018

L’accroissement du nombre de collaboratrices et collaborateurs d’élu.e.s est un phénomène social massif, aussi bien à l’échelon local, auprès des exécutifs en particulier, qu’à l’échelon national ou européen, auprès des parlementaires et des groupes politiques. Il est à rapporter au long processus de professionnalisation de l’activité politique. À la suite des travaux sur la dimension collective de l’activité politique et la structuration des « mondes du travail politique », cet ouvrage propose d’analyser les collaborateurs et collaboratrices d’élus comme les agents des « entreprises politiques » dirigées par les élu.e.s. Il éclaire trois aspects : le périmètre des entreprises politiques portées par les élu.e.s et les relations que ces derniers entretiennent avec tout un ensemble d’acteurs à leur service ; les logiques de division du travail et de concurrences en leur sein ; enfin, la ressource que peut représenter le passage par celles-ci pour accéder au métier d’élu.e.
Chapitre 8 : Collaborateurs d’élu-e(s) écologistes à l’Assemblée nationale : une voie toute tracée ?
Authors: Jérome Vanessa
Published: January 2018

Les profils et les modes de recrutement des collaborateurs d’élu-e(s) de l’Assemblée nationale ont beaucoup évolué ces dernières années. Apprenant le métier autant que le (dé)goût de la politique, les entrants, de plus en plus formés dans les IEP et dans le cadre de l’organisation de jeunesse écologiste, acquièrent des savoirs et des savoir-faire reconvertibles dans diverses professions. Si nombre d’entre eux exerceront dans le monde associatif ou celui des ONG, si tant est que le stigmate politique, auquel s’ajoute ici celui de « l’être vert », ne perturbe pas outre mesure leurs chances de trouver un emploi, l’activité politique ne sera accessible qu’à ceux qui pourront vivre leur professionnalisation sur le mode partisan le plus légitime : celui du rapport paradoxal au champ politique et aux institutions.