bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disinfection Efficiency of Irreversible Hydrocolloid Impressions Using Different Concentrations of Sodium Hypochlorite: A Pilot Study
Authors: Memarian Maryam , Fazeli Mohamad Reza , Jamalifar Hossein , Azimnejad Ahmad
Published: July 2019

Aim

Dental impressions are potential sources of bacterial contamination which could eventually lead to transmissible infectious diseases through the blood or saliva. Sodium hypochlorite is an effective disinfectant recommended by the American Dental Association (ADA) in a 1:10 dilution for a ten minute immersion to disinfect irreversible hydrocolloid impressions. As the ADA protocol is sometimes neglected in busy practice settings, this pilot study was designed to determine an efficient and effective protocol for disinfection of irreversible hydrocolloid impressions.

Methods and Materials

Various concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and disinfection times were challenged against irreversible hydrocolloid impressions contaminated with six Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Results

A two minute immersion time in a 0.6% solution of sodium hypochlorite protocol was found to prevent bacterial growth on the impressions.

Conclusion

Disinfection of irreversible hydrocolloid impressions in a 0.6% solution of sodium hypochlorite for two minutes was as effective as the ADA's protocol of using a 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution for ten minutes to destroy the test bacteria.

Citation

Memarian M, Fazeli MR, Jamalifar H, Azimnejad A. Disinfection Efficiency of Irreversible Hydrocolloid Impressions Using Different Concentrations of Sodium Hypochlorite: A Pilot Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 May;(8)4:027-034.
Prevalence Study of Signs and Symptoms of Temporomandibular Disorders in a Turkish Population
Authors: Ozan Fatih , Polat Serkan , Kara İsa , Küçük Dervishan , Polat Hidayet B.
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in a population of 792 Turkish adults ranging in age from 15- to 72-years-old.

Methods and Materials

Subjects were examined objectively and subjectively for signs and symptoms of TMD through the distribution of frequency of the data obtained from a questionnaire and a physical examination using a similar methodology of previous studies.

Results

This study determined the prevalence of signs and symptoms of TMDs in subjects from male and female subgroups in a Turkish adult population. Both signs and symptoms of TMDs were generally more prevalent in females than in males.

Conclusion

The prevalence of signs and symptoms were generally greater than in previous studies of other populations.

Citation

Özan F, Polat S, Kara İ, Küçük D, Polat HB. Prevalence Study of Signs and Symptoms of Temporomandibular Disorders in a Turkish Population. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 May;(8)4:035-042.
Temporomandibular Disorders Do Not Correlate with Detectable Alterations in Body Posture
Authors: Perinetti Giuseppe
Published: July 2019

Aim

This study aimed to determine if temporomandibular disorders (TMD) correlate with alterations in body posture detectable through posturography.

Methods and Materials

Thirty-five asymptomatic subjects and 35 TMD patients (34 males and 36 females; mean age, 27.7±8.6 years) constituted the matched control and TMD groups, respectively. Posturography was performed under four different experimental conditions: (a) eyes open with mandibular rest position (Eyes Open RP); (b) eyes open with dental occlusion (Eyes Open DO); (c) eyes closed with mandibular rest position (Eyes Closed RP); and (d) eyes closed with dental occlusion (Eyes Closed DO). The X, Y, and absolute centre of pressure displacements from the projection of a theoretical barycentre and the sway area, sway length, and sway velocity were recorded as static and dynamic posturographic parameters, respectively.

Results

Generally, no differences were found in any of these parameters between the groups and between the RP and DO within either Eyes Open/Closed conditions. The only differences were found under Eyes Closed as compared to Eyes Open, irrespective of the RP/DO conditions for dynamic and not for static posturographic parameters.

Conclusion

This study failed to show detectable alterations in body posture in TMD patients.

Citation

Perinetti G. Temporomandibular Disorders Do Not Correlate with Detectable Alterations in Body Posture. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 July;(8)5:060-067.
A Pigmented Dentigerous Cyst in a Patient with Multiple Dentigerous Cysts of the Jaws: A Case Report
Authors: Farahani Shokoufeh Shahrabi , Lotfalian Mohammadtaghi
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this article is to report an unusual and interesting case of non-syndromic multiple dentigerous cysts of the maxilla and mandible associated with melanin pigment and melanocytes in the epithelial lining in one of the cysts. In addition, embryologic aspect and origin of melanocytes are briefly discussed.

Background

Dentigerous cysts are the second most common odontogenic cysts after radicular cysts. They are usually solitary with multiple cysts reported on occasion in association with syndromes. While melanocytes and melanin-pigment are widely distributed in the skin, the nervous system, certain types of mucosa, uveal tract, and other areas, they are not normally present within bone in mammals.

Report

A 37-year-old Iranian male was referred to an oral surgeon by his dentist for evaluation and treatment of multiple cyst-like radiolucent lesions around the crowns of some unerupted permanent teeth in both maxillary and mandibular anterior areas. The biopsy revealed numerous granules of melanin-pigment distributed throughout the epithelial lining of one of these cysts in addition to the characteristic histopathologic features of adentigerous cyst. Histochemical analysis confirmed the pigment was melanin, and many of the cells containing melanin were immunohistochemically positive for s-100 protein.

Although the specific origin and pathologic significance of the melanocytes described here cannot be explained, it may be of interest for future investigations.

Citation

Shahrabi Farahani S, Lotfalian M. A Pigmented Dentigerous Cyst in a Patient with Multiple Dentigerous Cysts of the Jaws: A Case Report. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 July;(8)5:085-091.
Three-dimensional Surface Profile Analysis of Different Types of Flowable Restorative Resins Following Different Finishing Protocols
Authors: Yazici A. Rüya , Kugel Gerard , Müftü Ali
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate the surface roughness of different types of flowable restorative resins and compare the effectiveness of diamond finishing burs followed by aluminum oxide discs with aluminum oxide discs alone in producing smooth surfaces.

Methods and Materials

Twenty-four specimens (10 mm X 2 mm) for each flowable resin (flowable microhybrid composite, flowable liquid microhybrid composite, flowable compomer, and flowable ormocer) were fabricated in an acrylic mold and randomly assigned to three groups. In group I samples were left undisturbed after the removal of a Mylar strip (control). In group II samples were polished with diamond finishing burs, followed by aluminum oxide discs. In group III samples were finished with only aluminum oxide discs. The mean surface roughness (Ra, μm) was determined with 3-D non-contact interferometry. Data were subjected to one way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and post hoc comparison was accomplished using Tukey's HSD.

Results

Although significant differences in surface roughness (Ra) values were observed among the materials using a Mylar strip (control), no significant differences between restorative materials were found when all finishing/polishing methods were combined. For all flowable restorative resins tested, the Mylar strip produced surfaces smoother than those produced by a diamond finishing bur followed by a disc or by using discs alone. Surface roughness values were statistically similar for a diamond finishing bur followed by a disc and for disc treated surfaces within each material except for Dyract Flow, a flowable compomer.

Conclusion

Although the surface roughness of flowable restorative resins differs among the types, this difference can be overcome with different finishing/polishing methods.

Citation

Yazici AR, Müftü A, Kugel G. Three-dimensional Surface Profile Analysis of Different Types of Flowable Restorative Resins Following Different Finishing Protocols. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 July;(8)5:009-017.
Dens Invaginatus on a Geminated Tooth: A Case Report
Authors: Canger Emin Murat , Çelenk Peruze , Sezgin Ömer Said
Published: July 2019

Aim

To present a case of a concomitant occurrence of dens invaginatus (DI) and gemination in a mandibular left lateral incisor.

Background

DI is a developmental anomaly resulting from the invagination of a portion of a crown in the enamel organ stage of odontogenesis. It is commonly found in the maxillary lateral incisors but also occurs in the central incisors, premolars, canines, and molars in descending order of frequency. The occurrence of DI in the mandible is extremely rare. Gemination results from one tooth bud attempting to split into two. Geminated teeth present with a single root structure and rarely occur in mandibular teeth.

Report

A 13-year-old girl presented with a chief complaint of spontaneous nocturnal pain in the mandibular left lateral incisor tooth. Intraoral examination revealed the tooth was enlarged with a notch on the incisal edge extending to the coronal 1/3 of the crown. The radiological examination revealed a Type 2 DI in a Type I geminated mandibular left lateral incisor.

DI is clinically significant due to the possibility of the pulpal involvement; pulpitis, necrotic pulps, and chronic periapical lesions are often associated with this anomaly without clinical symptoms. Clinicians should be mindful of the possibility of DI when a tooth presents pulpitis without history of trauma or caries and examine the suspicious tooth and the periodontium radiographically.

Citation

Canger EM, Çelenk P, Sezgin ÖS. Dens Invaginatus on a Geminated Tooth: A Case Report. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 July;(8)5:099-105.
Effect of Light Curing Modes and Light Curing Time on the Microhardness of a Hybrid Composite Resin
Authors: Lovadino José Roberto , Ambrosano Gláucia Maria Bovi , Aguiar Flávio Henrique Baggio , Braceiro Aline , Lima Débora Alves Nunes Leite
Published: July 2019

Aims

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of light curing modes and curing time on the microhardness of a hybrid composite resin.

Methods and Materials

Forty-five Z250 composite resin specimens (3M-ESPE Dental Products, St. Paul, MN, USA) were randomly divided into nine groups (n=5): three polymerization modes (conventional - 550 mW/ cm2; light-emitting diodes (LED) - 360mW/cm2, and high intensity - 1160 mW/cm2) and three light curing times (once, twice, and three times the manufacturer's recommendations). All samples were polymerized with the light tip 8 mm from the specimen. Knoop microhardness measurements were obtained on the top and bottom surfaces of the sample.

Results

Conventional and LED polymerization modes resulted in higher hardness means and were statistically different from the high intensity mode in almost all experimental conditions. Tripling manufacturers’ recommended light curing times resulted in higher hardness means; this was statistically different from the other times for all polymerization modes in the bottom surface of specimens. This was also true of the top surface of specimens cured using the high intensity mode but not of conventional and LED modes using any of the chosen curing times. Top surfaces showed higher hardness than bottom surfaces.

Conclusions

It is important to increase the light curing time and use appropriate light curing devices to polymerize resin composite in deep cavities to maximize the hardness of hybrid composite resins.

Citation

Aguiar FHB, Braceiro A, Lima DANL, Ambrosano GMB, Lovadino JR. Effect of Light Curing Modes and Light Curing Time on the Microhardness of a Hybrid Composite Resin. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 September; (8)6:001-008.
Bond Strength of Composite Resin Luting Cements to Fiber-reinforced Composite Root Canal Post
Authors: Lassila Lippo , Le Bell-Rönnlöf Anna-Maria , Lahdenperä Milla , Vallittu Pekka
Published: July 2019

Aims

The aim of this study was to compare the attachment of different composite resin luting cements to a fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) post with a semi-interpenetrating polymer network polymer matrix.

Methods and Materials

Six different brands of composite resin luting cement stubs were applied on the surface of FRC post material and light-cured for 40 seconds. Shear bond strengths of luting cement stubs were measured using a universal testing machine.

Results

The differences in shear bond strengths between the cements were not statistically significant.

Conclusion

All of the tested composite resin luting cements provided acceptable attachment to the tested FRC post. The tested FRC post material is suitable to use with different composite resin luting cements.

Citation

Le Bell-Rönnlöf AM, Lahdenperä M, Lassila L, Vallittu P. Bond Strength of Composite Resin Luting Cements to Fiber-reinforced Composite Root Canal Post. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 September; (8)6:017-024.
Risk Factors for Traumatic Dental Injuries in an Adolescent Male Population in India
Authors: Baldava Pavan , Anup Nagaraj
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of traumatic injuries to the anterior teeth and evaluate the role of anatomic risk factors in the occurrence of such injuries in a group with an assumed behavior predisposing them to trauma.

Methods and Materials

The study population consisted of 370 male enrollees of the National Cadet Corps (NCC) in India. Risk factors such as the socioeconomic status (SES) of parents, lip coverage, incisor overjet, and the cause and nature of trauma to anterior teeth were recorded. The Chi-square test was used for testing the association between these factors. Increasing overjet was further analyzed using chi-square for linear trends. Variables found significant were subjected to logistic regression.

Results

A prevalence of 14.9% of traumatic injuries to anterior teeth was found in the study population with sports activities being the most common cause. Permanent maxillary central incisors were most commonly injured with injuries involving enamel and dentin being the most frequently observed. Increased overjet and inadequate lip coverage were significantly associated with the occurrence of trauma. With an odds ratio of 7.2 inadequate lip coverage was identified, using binary logistic regression, as the single most independent risk factor for the occurrence of traumatic injury to the maxillary anterior teeth.

Citation

Baldava P, Anup N. Risk Factors for Traumatic Dental Injuries in an Adolescent Male Population in India. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 September;(8)6:035-042.
Total Impaction of Deciduous Maxillary Molars: Two Case Reports
Authors: Gündüz Kaan , Muğlali Mehtap , Inal Samet
Published: July 2019

Aim

The purpose of this report is to present two cases of totally impacted maxillary deciduous molars, considered a rarity in dental practice.

Background

Primary tooth impaction is quite rare during the development of primary dentition. Various factors contribute to the impaction of a deciduous tooth, including anklyosis, congenitally missing permanent teeth, defects in the periodontal membrane, trauma, injury of the periodontal ligament, precocious eruption of the first permanent molar, defective eruptive force, or a combination of these factors.

Reports Case #1

An 18-year-old male presented with a complaint of spontaneous repetitious pain in the maxillary right premolar region. The maxillary right second premolar was clinically absent. Panoramic and periapical radiographs revealed an impacted second premolar close to the inferior wall of the maxillary sinus and an impacted deciduous molar deeply embedded in bone within the maxillary sinus.

Case #2

A 14-year-old girl presented with a complaint of crowding of the maxillary teeth. The maxillary right second premolar and the maxillary permanent canines were clinically absent. A panoramic radiograph revealed an impacted maxillary right second premolar and an impacted deciduous molar embedded within bone close to the inferior wall of the maxillary sinus.

The total impactation of deciduous teeth is a rare condition, and few cases have been reported in the literature. The condition generally affects the mandibular second deciduous molar and the maxillary first deciduous least often. In this paper, two cases of totally impacted maxillary deciduous molars are reported.

Citation

Gündüz K, Muğlali M, Inal S. Total Impaction of Deciduous Maxillary Molars: Two Case Reports. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 September; (8)6:064-071.
Tuberculosis: Infection Control/Exposure Control Issues for Oral Healthcare Workers
Authors: Terezhalmy Geza T. , Porteous Nuala B.
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim is to present the essential elements of an infection control/exposure control plan for the oral healthcare setting with emphasis on tuberculosis (TB).

Methods and Materials

A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted with special emphasis on TB infection-control issues in the oral healthcare setting.

Results

Currently available knowledge related to TB infection-control issues is supported by data derived from well-conducted trials or extensive controlled observations. In the absence of supportive data the information is supported with the best-informed, most authoritative opinion available.

Conclusion

Essential elements of an effective TB infection-control plan include a three-level hierarchy of administrative, environmental, and respiratory-protection controls.

Clinical Significance

Standard precautions provide the fabric for strategies to prevent or reduce the risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens and other potentially infectious material. However, standard precautions are inadequate to prevent the spread of organisms through droplet nuclei 1-5 micron in diameter and additional measures are necessary to prevent the spread ofMycobacterium tuberculosis. Oral healthcare settings have been identified as outpatient settings in which patients with suspected or confirmed infectious TB disease are expected to be encountered. Therefore, oral healthcare settings must have a written TB infection-control program.

Citation

Porteous NB, Terezhalmy GT. Tuberculosis: Infection Control/Exposure Control Issues for Oral Healthcare Workers. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 January; (9)1:001-013.
Short Glass Fiber-reinforced Composite with a Semi-interpenetrating Polymer Network Matrix for Temporary Crowns and Bridges
Authors: Garoushi Sufyan , Vallittu Pekka K. , Lassila Lippo V. J.
Published: July 2019

Aims

The purpose of this study was to investigate the reinforcement effect of short E-glass fiber fillers on some mechanical properties of temporary crown and bridge (TCB) composite resin with a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN).

Methods and Materials

Experimental temporary fiber reinforced (TFC) composite resin was prepared by mixing 15 wt% of short E-glass fibers (3 mm in length) with a 35 wt% of semi-IPN-resin (dual or chemical cure) with 50 wt% of silane treated particulate silica fillers using a high speed mixing device. Temporary crowns (n=6) and test specimens (2 × 2 × 25 mm3) (n=6) were made from the experimental TFC and conventional TCB composite (control, Protemp Garant, 3M-ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA). A three-point bending test was done according to ISO standard 10477, and a compression loading test was carried out using a steel ball (Ø 3.0 mm) with a speed of 1.0 mm/min until fracture occurred. The degree of monomer conversion (DC%) of both composites was determined by Fourier transfer infrared (FTIR) spectrometry.

Results

The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed both dual and chemical cure experimental TFC composite resins had statistically significant (p<0.05) higher flexural strengths (117 and 99 MPa, respectively) and compressive load-bearing capacity (730 and 623 N, respectively) compared to the control TCB composite resin (72 MPa, 549 N).

Conclusion

The use of short fiber fillers with semi-IPN polymer matrix yielded an improved mechanical performance compared to a conventional TCB composite resin.

Citation

Garoushi S, Vallittu PK, Lassila LVJ. Short Glass Fiber-reinforced Composite with a Semi-interpenetrating Polymer Network Matrix for Temporary Crowns and Bridges. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 January; (9)1:014-021.
Minimally Invasive Dentistry Using Sonic and Ultra-sonic Devices in Ultraconservative Class 2 Restorations
Authors: Tassery Hervé , Koubi Stephen
Published: July 2019

Aim

Within the context of minimally invasive dentistry this article describes the sonic and ultrasonic cavity preparation techniques and assesses their advantages and disadvantages, clinical difficulties of their use, and offers a statement about these devices.

Background

Ultra-conservative Class 2 restorative techniques require the use of devices such as sonic and the new ultrasonic preparation systems. These systems, featuring a series of sonic and new ultra-sonic inserts, allow for the fabrication of preventive preparations on proximal surfaces without injuring the adjacent proximal surface or damaging the marginal ridge.

Review

An ultraconservative approach to the restoration of teeth with proximal caries that lack frank occlusal cavitation is facilitated by the use of slot-style cavity preparations created with sonic and ultrasonic instrumentation, and esthetic restorative materials.

New restorative procedures appear suitable for use in ultraconservative restorative dentistry. More frequent use of these procedures by dental practitioners could prevent the traditional breakdown of the marginal ridge when preparing a Class 2 dental restoration. When cautiously used, these two ultraconservative devices provide alternative operative procedures to treat carious lesions without frank occlusal cavitation and to promote another aspect of preventive dentistry.

Clinical Significance

New restorative procedures appear suitable for use in ultraconservative restorative dentistry. More frequent use of these procedures by dental practitioners could prevent the traditional breakdown of the marginal ridge when preparing a Class 2 dental restoration.

Citation

Koubi S, Tassery H. Minimally Invasive Dentistry Using Sonic and Ultra-sonic Devices in Ultraconservative Class 2 Restorations. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 February;(9)2:155-165.
Effect of the Crown Preparation Margin and Die Type on the Marginal Accuracy of Fiber-reinforced Composite Crowns
Authors: Ayad Mohamed F.
Published: July 2019

Aim

The objective of this laboratory investigation was to determine the effect of different preparation designs (light chamfer, deep chamfer, and shoulder) and die-making materials (stone and epoxy) on the resulting margin misfit for fiber-reinforced composite crowns using a measuring microscope.

Methods and Materials

Sixty standardized FibreKor crowns were made on stone and epoxy resin dies (n=30 each) duplicated from three metal master dies representing complete crown tooth preparation with a total convergence of 5°. For each die group, three of the tooth preparation designs were established in relation to the type of finish line (n=0 each) as follows: Group A (0.5-mm light chamfer finish line); Group B (1.0-mm deep chamfer finish line); and Group C (1.0-mm shoulder finish line). Marginal accuracy was evaluated by measuring the distances between each of four pairs of indentations on the crowns and on the dies with a Nikon measuring microscope.

Results

Analysis of seating measurements with parametric analysis of variance and Tukey's Studentized Range (HSD) disclosed a statistically significant difference for both tooth preparation design and die material (p< 0.001). However, the interaction effect was not significant (p=0.9073). The least marginal opening value was for FibreKor crowns made on epoxy resin dies with a light chamfer finish line (57 μm), but the difference was not statistically significantly different from crowns made on epoxy resin dies with a deep chamfer light chamfer finish line (61 μm). However, crowns made on epoxy resin dies with a shoulder finish line (81 μm) had significantly higher values (p< 0.05). FibreKor crowns made on stone dies with the shoulder finish line (95 μm) had statistically higher marginal opening values (p< 0.05). The least marginal opening value was for crowns made on stone dies with a light chamfer finish line (66 μm), but the difference was not statistically significantly different from crowns made on stone dies with a deep chamfer light chamfer finish line (70 μm).

Conclusions

Significant differences were found among the die material used for the shoulder margin design. However, there was no significant difference between light chamfer and deep chamfer margin designs for both die materials.

Citation

Ayad MF. Effect of the Crown Preparation Margin and Die Type on the Marginal Accuracy of Fiberreinforced Composite Crowns. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 February;(9)2:009-016.
Current Opinion on Drug-induced Oral Reactions: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Abdollahi Mohammad , Radfar Mania , Rahimi Roja
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this comprehensive review is to present an update to our previous review about drug-induced oral reactions. All drugs that may cause adverse effects in the mouth and related structures are reviewed.

Background

Every drug can produce untoward consequences even when used according to standard or recommended methods of administration. Adverse drug reactions can involve every organ and system of the body and are frequently mistaken for signs of underlying disease. The mouth and associated structures can also be affected by many drugs or chemicals. Good oral health including salivary function is very important in maintaining whole body health. Drug reactions can be categorized as to the parts of the oral complex such as the oral mucosa and tongue, periodontal tissues, dental structures, salivary glands, cleft lip and palate, muscles, and nerves.

Review Results

This review suggests the number of drugs and chemicals that can produce adverse or toxic reactions in the oral cavity are on the rise. An updated listing of offending drugs is provided along with current strategies for dealing with adverse reactions.

Conclusion

Clinicians must constantly update their knowledge of drugs used by their patients. Attention must be paid to their toxic and unwanted effects that in many cases may be similar to characteristics of common diseases.

Clinical Significance

Dentists and specialists of oral diseases should be aware of adverse drug oral reactions for better diagnosis of oral diseases, administration of drugs, and patient compliance during drug therapy.

Citation

Abdollahi M, Rahimi R, Radfar M. Current Opinion on Drug-induced Oral Reactions: A Comprehensive Review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 March; (9)3:001-015.
Inflammatory Fibrous Hyperplasia Treated with a Modified Vestibuloplasty: A Case Report
Authors: Jaimes Miguel , Muñante Jose , Rodrizuez-Chessa Jaime Giuseppe , Olate Sergio , de Albergaria-Barbosa Jose Ricardo , Mazzonetto Renato , Kiüppel Leandro Eduardo
Published: July 2019

Aim

The purpose of this report is to present a case of surgical and prosthetic treatment of a woman with inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (IFH) and her evaluation during a six month period.

Background

IFH is a benign pathology, prevalent in female patients, and principally associated with ill-fitting prosthetic devices in need of adjustment. It is common for patients to require surgical removal of the hyperplastic tissue and fabrication of a new prosthesis.

Case Report

A 55-year-old female with a history of smoking presented with a chief complaint of missing the scheduled adjustment of her maxillary complete denture and the presence of moveable tissue under the denture. Surgical excision of the hyperplastic tissue followed with fixation of the prosthesis for six months to guide the healing of the soft tissue and to reshape the contours of the maxillary supporting tissues.

Surgical removal of hyperplasic soft tissue is a routine procedure, and the fixation of the prosthesis for the support of tissue during healing improves intraoral conditions for the fabrication of a new prosthesis in the future.

Citation

Jaimes M, Muñante J, Rodriguez-Chessa JG, Olate S, de Albergaria-Barbosa JR, Mazzonetto R, Klüppel LE. Inflammatory Fibrous Hyperplasia Treated with a Modified Vestibuloplasty: A Case Report. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 March; (9)3:135-141.
Saliva Composition and Functions: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Azevedo Luciana Reis , De Lima Antônio Adilson Soares , Machado Maria Ângela Naval , Grégio Ana Maria Trindade , de Almeida Patricia Del Vigna
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this study was to perform a literature review about the composition and functions of saliva as well as describe the factors that influence salivary flow (SF) and its biochemical composition.

Background

Saliva represents an increasingly useful auxiliary means of diagnosis. Sialometry and sialochemistry are used to diagnose systemic illnesses, monitoring general health, and as an indicator of risk for diseases creating a close relation between oral and systemic health.

Review

This review provides fundamental information about the salivary system in terms of normal values for SF and composition and a comprehensive review of the factors that affect this important system.

Conclusion

Since several factors can influence salivary secretion and composition, a strictly standardized collection must be made so the above-mentioned exams are able to reflect the real functioning of the salivary glands and serve as efficient means for monitoring health.

Clinical Significance

Since many oral and systemic conditions manifest themselves as changes in the flow and composition of saliva the dental practitioner is advised to remain up-to-date with the current literature on the subject.

Citation

de Almeida PDV, Grégio AMT, Machado MÂN, de Lima AAS, Azevedo LR. Saliva Composition and Functions: A Comprehensive Review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 March; (9)3:072-080.
Improved Plaque Removal Efficacy with a New Manual Toothbrush
Authors: Biesbrock Aaron R. , Bartizek Robert D. , Walters Patricia A.
Published: July 2019

Aim

To compare the safety and efficacy of two manual toothbrushes, Oral-B Exceed and Asian Colgate 360°, in removing plaque.

Methods and Materials

The study used an examiner-blind, two-treatment, randomized, four-period (visits) crossover design. At the first visit, subjects received a baseline plaque examination; plaque was scored using the Rustogi et al. Modified Navy Plaque Index (RMNPI) and the Turesky et al. Modified Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (TQHPI). Subjects used their assigned toothbrush for one minute. Post-brushing plaque was assessed. The following three visits were separated by an interval of two to six days. At each visit, subjects were assigned brushes according to their treatment sequence and plaque was scored per the first visit.

Results

Forty-eight subjects were enrolled in the study; 47 were included in the analysis. Both brushes were found to be safe and both significantly reduced plaque after a single brushing. The Oral-B Exceed was significantly (p<0.001) better than the Asian Colgate 360° at removing whole mouth plaque (18.1% using TQHPI; 9% using RMNPI). The Oral-B Exceed was also significantly better at removing marginal (p=0.001) and approximal (p=0.022) plaque.

Conclusion

The Oral-B Exceed brush removed significantly more whole mouth, approximal, and gingival margin plaque than the Asian Colgate 360° in a four-period crossover clinical comparison.

Citation

Biesbrock AR, Bartizek RD, Walters PA. Improved Plaque Removal Efficacy with a New Manual Toothbrush. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 May; (9)4:001-008.
Relative Impact of Patient Characteristics and Radiographic Variables on the Difficulty of Removing Impacted Mandibular Third Molars
Authors: Akadiri Oladimeji A. , Obiechina Ambrose E. , Arotiba Juwon T. , Fasola Abiodun O.
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this study was to assess the relative contributions of patient characteristics and radiographic variables to the difficulty of extraction of impacted mandibular third molars in a Nigerian population.

Methods and Materials

Seventy-nine consecutive patients undergoing mandibular third molar extractions were recruited for this prospective cohort study. Specific patient characteristics and radiographic variables were recorded. All extractions were performed under local anesthesia by the same oral surgeon, and the surgical difficulty was assessed based on the duration of surgery.

Results

Body weight (BW) (P=0.009) and body surface area (BSA) (P=0.004) were the significant patient characteristics while tooth impaction depth (P=0.002), number of roots (P=0.035), and tooth angulation (P=0.003) were the significant radiographic variables associated with surgical difficulty using a univariate analysis. A multiple linear regression model was constructed with these variables using surgical difficulty as the dependent variable. Radiographic factors were found to be the more important determinants of surgical difficulty with the depth of impaction (P=0.038) being the singular most important factor.

Conclusion

Although the difficulty of surgical removal of impacted lower third molars is dependent on BW, BSA, impaction depth, tooth angulation, and the number of roots, radiographic variables were of greater importance with impaction depth being the most important single factor.

Citation

Akadiri OA, Obiechina AE, Arotiba JT, Fasola AO. Relative Impact of Patient Characteristics and Radiographic Variables on the Difficulty of Removing Impacted Mandibular Third Molars. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 May; (9)4:051-058.
Survey of Talon Cusps in the Permanent Dentition of a Turkish Population
Authors: Gündüz Kaan , Çelenk Peruze
Published: July 2019

Aim

Talon cusp is the name given to the accessory tubercles located on the lingual faces of anterior teeth. The occurrence of talon cusps has been reported among Europeans and Asians. However, there are few reports of this anomaly in Caucasians as well as a paucity of literature on its characteristics. Today there are seven million Turkish citizens of Caucasian origin that have settled in the Marmara, Central-Anatolia, East-Anatolia, and Black Sea regions of Turkey. The aim of this study is to present 27 Caucasian cases with 33 taloned teeth. This study is the first that was undertaken to investigate the characteristics of talon cusps in a group of Turkish people.

Methods and Materials

A survey of 27 patients examined in the Department of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology at Ondokuz Mayıs University in Samsun, Turkey between January, 2003 and June, 2006 was conducted. Their ages ranged from seven to 33 years. A total of 33 talon cusps were diagnosed in the 27 patients. The patients’ records and radiographs were evaluated and the following variables were studied: age, sex distribution, affected tooth, type of talon cusp, radiographic evidence of pulp extension, and associated dental anomalies and complications.

Results

There were 13 male and 14 female patients with a gender ratio of approximately 1:1. Ten of 33 talon cusps (30%) were seen in maxillary right central incisors while four cases (12%) were in maxillary left central incisors and nine cases (27%) were in maxillary right lateral incisors. Eight cases (24%) were seen in maxillary left lateral incisors, one case (3%) was in a mandibular right central incisor, and one case (3%) was in a mandibular left canine. Fifteen (15) of the 33 talon cusps were Type 1 talons (45%), while eight cases (24%) were Type 2 talons and ten cases (30%) were Type 3 talons. Twelve of the 33 talon cusps (36%) showed radiographic evidence of pulpal extension into the tubercule on periapical radiographs. One patient had gemination (3%) on the maxillary permanent incisors and two patients had mesiodens (6%) in the maxillary anterior region.

Conclusion

The talon cusp remains as one of the more uncommon dental anomalies worldwide and in Turkey and presents with different clinical features.

Clinical Significance

The talon cusp may be more likely to be associated with other odontogenic anomalies and some systemic conditions; early recognition of this anomaly is essential to provide proper treatment.

Citation

Gündüz K, Çelenk P. Survey of Talon Cusps in the Permanent Dentition of a Turkish Population. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 July; (9)5:084-091.
Central Incisor Impacted by an Odontoma
Authors: da Costa Catiara Terra , Torriani Dione Dias , Torriani Marcos Antônio , da Silva Raquel Barbieri
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this report is to present a clinical case of impaction of a maxillary left central incisor in a mixed dentition caused by the presence of an odontoma as well as a review of the pertinent dental literature.

Background

Knowledge of the normal tooth eruption patterns is essential for the identification and appropriate treatment of deviations in eruption that may endanger physiologic development. A delay in time between the exfoliation of a deciduous tooth and the eruption of its permanent successor may be related to a disorder known as dental retention. This occurs when tooth eruption does not occur within a normal time frame, the tooth is not present in the dental arch, and there is no potential for eruption due to the presence of a completely formed root or when the homologous tooth has been erupted for at least six months with complete root formation.

Report

A 10-year-old boy in the mixed dentition stage presented with an impacted maxillary left central incisor due to the presence of an odontoma. Treatment included the surgical removal of the lesion and the follow up of the spontaneous eruption while a partial fixed appliance was used to recover the space of the missing tooth. Since spontaneous eruption failed to occur within the expected time frame, surgical exposition of the crown and bonding of an orthodontic appliance for traction was done to facilitate eruption.

The incisor was integrated to the dental arch without any root or periodontal sequelae. The treatment was considered a success, since both health and aesthetics of the smile were recovered. The importance of the clinical and radiographic diagnosis of the retention of a permanent tooth associated with a pathological entity should be emphasized. The participation of a multidisciplinary team to accomplish the appropriate treatment of such patients is extremely relevant because of the esthetic and functional ramifications of a missing anterior tooth as well as the psychological well-being of the individual.

Citation

Costa CT, Torriani DD, Torriani MA, da Silva RB. Central Incisor Impacted by an Odontoma. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 September; (9)6:122-128.
Eating Disorders Part I: Psychiatric Diagnosis and Dental Implications
Authors: Aranha Ana Cecília Corrêa , de Paula Eduardo Carlos , Cordás Táki Athanassios
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this article is to present a review of the literature on eating disorders and related oral implications in order to provide oral healthcare professionals and psychiatrists with information that will enable them to recognize and diagnose these disorders and render appropriate treatment.

Methods and Materials

A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted with special emphasis on the oral implications of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

Results

Currently, available knowledge that correlates eating disorders with dental implications is supported by data derived from well-conducted psychiatric and psychological literature. However, little is known about the aspects of oral medicine concerned with the subject. Dental erosion, xerostomia, enlargement of the parotid gland, and other dental implications might be present in individuals with eating disorders.

Conclusions

Eating disorders are a serious concern with regard to the oral health of patients. They represent a clinical challenge to dental professionals because of their unique psychological, medical, nutritional, and dental patterns as well as their unique characteristics. However, there is a general lack of awareness of the fundamental importance of the dentist's role in the multidisciplinary treatment of affected patients.

Clinical Significance

The failure of oral healthcare professionals to recognize dental characteristics of eating disorders may lead to serious systemic problems in addition to progressive and irreversible damage to the hard tissues. Considering the increasing incidence and prevalence rates of eating disorders the participation of oral healthcare professionals in a multidisciplinary team to provide care for affected patients rises to greater importance.

Citation

Aranha ACC, Eduardo CP, Cordás TA. Eating Disorders Part I: Psychiatric Diagnosis and Dental Implications. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 September; (9)6:073-081.
Case Report: Management of an Impacted Maxillary Canine in Association with a Deviated Palatal Premolar Root
Authors: Turk Tamer , Elekdag-Turk Selma
Published: July 2019

Aim

The purpose of this case report is to present the management of an impacted maxillary canine adjacent to a deviated palatal first premolar root.

Background

Maxillary canine impactions are of multifactorial etiology. The incidence of maxillary canine impaction ranges from 1% to 3%. One of the reasons for canine impaction might be a deviated palatal premolar root. To date, a total of six cases have been described where impacted maxillary canines were found in close proximity to a deviated palatal first premolar root.

Report

A male patient, aged 17 years 3 months, with a Class I molar relationship was referred for the continuation of orthodontic therapy. Leveling was completed in the lower and upper arches. Although sufficient space was available in the upper arch the left canine had not erupted. Radiographic examination disclosed a deviated palatal root of the first premolar in the canine eruption path.

A multidisciplinary treatment approach for the maxillary impacted canine adjacent to a deviated palatal premolar root is described. The premolar was endodontically treated and the deviated root surgically resected. The impacted canine was then orthodontically erupted into position.

Clinical Significance

A deviated maxillary premolar root may cause canine impaction. A multidisciplinary approach facilitates successful treatment results in such cases.

Citation

Turk T, Elekdag-Turk S. Case Report: Management of an Impacted Maxillary Canine in Association with a Deviated Palatal Premolar Root. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 November; (9)7:108-114.
Fracture Resistance and Failure Location of Zirconium and Metallic Implant Abutments
Authors: Almas Khalid , Tashkandi Esam , Aramouni Philippe , Zebouni Elie , Dib Salam
Published: July 2019

Aim

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance and failure location of single-tooth, implant-supported, all-ceramic restorations on different implant abutments subjected to a maximum load.

Methods and Materials

Forty Certain 3i implants and 20 ITI Straumann implants were used in this study in combination with 20 UCLA abutments, 20 ZiReal abutments, and 20 synOcta Ceramic Blanks to form three groups according to abutment type. All 60 abutments were prepared with standard measurements: a 1.0 mm deep chamfer, 2.0 mm of incisal reduction, and a total height of 7 mm. Sixty IPS Empress 2 full ceramic crowns were fabricated and cemented on each abutment with a resin cement. Static loading was simulated under maximum loading and fracture locations were noted.

Results

The mean load to failure data and standard deviations for the three groups were as follows: Group 1 (792.7 N ± 122.5) and Group 3 (793.6 ± 162.3) showed no significant difference in fracture resistance while the values for specimens in Group 2 (604 N ± 191.1) had the lowest mean value and were significantly lower. In Group 1, 16 crowns and four abutment fractures were reported, while in Group 3, 17 crowns and three abutments fractured. Group 2 actually showed three types of fractures. Two specimen fractures were located at the implant level, six with fractures occuring within the Empress 2 all-ceramic crown, and the remaining 12 failures were located at the abutment level.

Conclusion

Within the limitations of this laboratory study, the following conclusions were drawn:

The mean load-to-failure values for all three groups were well above the reported normal maximal incisal load range.

The load to failure for both the zirconium oxide (ZrO2) abutments (ZiReal on 3i Certain implants and synOcta Ceramic Blanks on SLA ITI Straumann implants) had mean fracture loads of 792.7 N (+122.6) and 604.2 N (+191.2), respectively.

The zirconium oxide (ZrO2) ZiReal and titanium (UCLA) abutments on the 3i Certain implants had statistically significantly higher fracture loads (792.7 N and 703.7 N, respectively) than those recorded for the 3i Ceramic Blank abutments on the SLA ITI Straumann implant (604.2 N).

The ITI Straumann Ceramic Blank abutments showed uniform fracture behavior. Fracture mainly emanated from the cervical buccal aspect of the abutment.

Clinical Significance

The three abutments tested showed they can withstand clinical loads above the normal range of mastication.

Citation

Aramouni P, Zebouni E, Tashkandi E, Dib S, Salameh Z, Almas K. Fracture Resistance and Failure Location of Zirconium and Metallic Implant Abutments. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 November; (9)7:041-048.
Prevalence of Additional Canals in Maxillary First Molars in a Nigerian Population
Authors: Dosumu Oluwole O. , Abiodun-Solanke Iyabo M. Funmilayo , Shaba Peter O. , Ajayi Deborah M.
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of additional canals in maxillary first molars in a selected population in Nigeria.

Methods and Materials

One hundred extracted teeth were collected from the Pedodontic and Oral Surgery clinics of the University College Hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria. The teeth were identified and their root planed to remove adherent soft tissues. Each tooth was sectioned at the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and then again at 2 mm below the CEJ. The number of canals present in each root was noted. For the clinical aspect of the study, 30 patients with clinical and radiological evidence of pulpal involvement participated in the study. These patients had root canal therapy performed on their maxillary first molars and the number of canals was confirmed with periapical radiographs.

Results

In the laboratory phase of the study 77% of the teeth sectioned had three canals while 22% had four canals with the fourth canal being a second mesiobuccal canal. Only one tooth had five canals with two canals in the palatal root, two canals in the mesiobuccal root, and the remaining canal in the distobuccal root. For the clinical phase of the study, 29 (96.7%) out of 30 patients treated had three canals while only one (3.3%) had four canals with the fourth canal being a second mesiobuccal canal.

Conclusion

Clinicians should assume there are additional canals in each root when performing endodontic therapy on the maxillary first molar. Only after a thorough search for extra canals and after it is determined further preparation would be fruitless or could cause perforation should the clinician proceed with treating only one canal per root.

Clinical Significance

If root canal therapy fails, it may be due to the existence of an extra canal that was not located and treated in the first place. This should be considered carefully during re-treatment either by surgical or non-surgical methods.

Citation

Abiodun-Solanke IMF, Dosumu OO, Shaba PO, Ajayi DM. Prevalence of Additional Canals in Maxillary First Molars in a Nigerian Population. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 November; (9)7:081-088.