bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
B-Chromosomes in Gymnosperms
Authors: Rastogi S. , Ohri D.
Published: June 2019

B-chromosomes show a non-random distribution in different taxa of gymnosperms. They are generally smaller and show similar centromeric position as the normal complement and are heterochromatic in nature and may show DAPI or CMA banding. They are generally devoid of any gene content, do not pair at meiosis and show accumulation through female line. They show incremental effect on genome size and some adaptive value in particular ecological conditions.
Growth performance of hybrid poplar clones on two agricultural sites with and without early irrigation and fertilization
Authors: Nelson Neil D. , Meilan Richard , Berguson William E. , McMahon Bernard G. , Cai Meijun , Buchman Daniel
Published: June 2019

Growth, clone rank, genotype x environment interaction, and effects of early fertilization and irrigation were evaluated for 56 hybrid poplar clones after three years’ growth on two agricultural sites in Indiana, USA. Forty-eight percent of the clones were Populus deltoides x P. nigra (DxN) crosses made with a female parent of Minnesota provenance, with the hybrids or female parent screened in Minnesota for survival, growth rate, and disease tolerance or resistance. Forty-one percent of the clones had at least one parent from provenances that are more southerly and/or have more moderate climates of provenance origin than Minnesota. Eleven percent of the clones were screened in Minnesota but were either not DXN crosses or did not have parents from Minnesota provenances in their parentage. Height growth averaged 1.78 m per year for all clones over all treatments and 2.02 m per year for the fastest- growing six clones (top 10th percentile). Tree bole volume for the fastest-growing 10 % of the clones was 70 % larger than the average of two commercial standard clones. The clonal effect was dominant in comparison to site, treatment, and interaction effects. The fertilizer, irrigation, and fertilizer x irrigation treatments tended to increase growth, but the statistical significance of the treatment effects differed by site, and the treatments explained only a small portion of the variance. Clone rank was the same on both sites, regardless of treatment, except for the fertilizer x irrigation treatment. DxN clones linked to Minnesota parentage out-performed most clones of more southerly or other more moderate climatic origins, in these tests conducted far south of Minnesota. The data provide further evidence of broad adaptability of DxN hybrids with female P. deltoides parents of Minnesota provenance, possibly eliminating the need for narrow breeding zones and reducing the number of screening tests needed at different latitudes, saving time and money. Tests are planned to further analyze and possibly extend this inference.
Genetic evaluation of Cryptomeria japonica breeding materials for male-sterile trees
Authors: Tadama Takumi , Totsuka Satoko , Iwai Junji , Uchiyama Kentaro , Hasegawa Yoichi , Moriguchi Yoshinari
Published: June 2019

Pyramiding of male-sterile genes in Cryptomeria japonica is currently being carried out in Niigata prefecture, Japan. This is the first attempt to apply pyramid breeding to forest trees. As the breeding materials for male sterility are limited, special attention must be given to increased genetic relatedness in the process of pyramid breeding to avoid the effects of inbreeding depression as much as possible. In this study, we estimated genetic relatedness based on 246 genome-wide SNP markers for male-sterile individuals in Niigata Prefecture (n = 6) and individuals doubly heterozygous for two male-sterile genes (hereafter referred to as “double-hetero”) produced by marker- assisted selection (n = 124). The pairwise relatedness estimates between male-sterile individuals selected from the same area in Niigata Prefecture were low (−0.01 ± 0.08, mean ± standard deviation), suggesting that there will be almost no negative effects even if the F1 of these male-sterile individuals is used for artificial crossing. On the other hand, the pairwise relatedness between double-hetero individuals in this study was higher than the theoretical relatedness values, as individuals with the slightly higher relatedness were used as parents in artificial crossings. However, there was a large variance in pairwise relatedness for double-hetero individuals. This result suggested that it may be possible to avoid the adverse effects of inbreeding depression by using a pair of double-heteros with lower relatedness for artificial crossing, when we produce a double-homo using the limited breeding materials of male- sterile individuals. It will also be important to continue additional selection of new breeding material for male sterility.
Genetic control of silvicultural traits in Balfourodendron riedelianum (ENGL.) ENGL.
Authors: Aguiar B.I. , Freitas M.L.M. , Tavares Y.R. , Tambarussi E.V. , Zanatto B. , Gandara F.B. , Paludeto J.G.Z. , Silva D.Y.B.O. , Silva J.R. , Moraes M.L.T. , Longui E.L. , Zanata M. , Sebbenn A.M.
Published: June 2019

The Atlantic Forest has very high levels of biodiversity and is considered one of the most important and threatened biomes in the world. Balfourodendron riedelianum is one of the forest’s characteristic tree species that is currently under considered endangered due to timber extraction and forest fragmentation. With the goal of generating information that may contribute to the genetic conservation of B. riedelianum, genetic parameters are estimated for quantitative traits important for silviculture in a provenance and progeny test located in the Experimental Station of Luiz Antônio, São Paulo State, Brazil. The test was established in 1986 and consists of three provenances, from which open-pollinated seeds from 19 seed trees were collected. The following traits were evaluated at 32 years of age: diameter at breast height (DBH), total height (H), stem height (SH), stem straightness (SS), and forking (FOR). The estimates were carried out using the REML/BLUP method. Significant genetic variation among progenies was detected for all traits (except SH) and between provenances for DBH. The coefficient of individual genetic variation (CV

gi
) ranged from 2.5 to 9.5 %. The mean heritability among progeny (

h

f
2

$h_f^2$

) was substantial for DBH (0.44) and FOR (0.36), enabling the selection of families with the highest DBH and lowest FOR for population improvement. Genotypic and phenotypic correlations among traits were also found. We conclude that there is genetic variability in the population that can be exploited in future breeding programs and for the genetic conservation of the species.
The Effect of Different Starter Dosage to Organoleptic Value of Kefir Cow Milk Products
Authors: Ardini Tivani , Nurmiati Nurmiati , Periadnadi Periadnadi
Published: June 2019

The study of "The Effect of Different Starter Dosage to Organoleptic Value of Kefir Cow Milk Products" was carried out from May to July 2016 at the Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University, Padang. The purpose of this study was to determine the organoleptic value (aroma, taste and organoleptic) of cow's milk kefir products from three different starter doses, and the results were with Wilcoxon Level Test. The results showed that organoleptic assessment of the aroma of cow milk kefir products with a treatment dose of 15% starter (3.00) was the most preferred dose for the panelist, while kefir with a treatment dose of 5% (2.27) is a dose that is less preferred by panelists. The taste assessment of the organoleptic of cow's milk kefir products, the starter dose of 10% (2.87) was the most preferred by the panelists, but the dose of 15% (2.33) was the least. Similar to the taste, the consistency of cow milk kefir with the dose of 10% (3.07) was most preferred, while the dose of 15% (2.33) was least preferred by the panelists.
Preliminary study of algasidal activities of the episymbiont bacterial consortium from Enhalus acoroides
Authors: Setiabudi Gede Iwan , Bengen Dietriech G. , Radjasa Ocky Karna , Effendi Hefni
Published: June 2019

Seagrass symbiotic bacteria have various functions, one of which is as algaside. There are 2 types of symbionts namely endosymbiont and episymbiont. This study aims to test the initial activity of algaside episymbiont Enhalus acoroides on diatome and dinoflagellate group plankton. The method used for testing is Mixed Algal-bacterial cultures. On media that has been overgrown with algae will be inoculated with episymbiont bacterial consortium E. acoroides. The results of the bacterial consortium research have not shown significant algaside activity. But, on Nitschia sp. showed significant algaside activity. This mean specific activity in the compound or mechanism used as algaside.
Histology of Rat Pancreas Treated with Calliandra calothyrsus Leaf in the Diets during Pregnancy and Lactation
Authors: Setyawati Iriani
Published: June 2019

For cattle, red calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus) is a good protein source of forage but the condensed tannin content is the highest compared to other legume plants. Tannin can reduce the activity of digestive enzymes and protein digestibility, which can lead to pancreatic hypertrophy and hyperplasia. This study aimed to determine the pancreatic histology of pregnant rats treated with C.calothyrsus leaf flour during pregnancy and lactation period. This study used a completely randomized design with 24 pregnant female rats which were divided into four groups i.e. control and treatments of 10, 17.5 and 25% of C.calothyrsus leaf flour in the diets. The treatment started from the first day of pregnancy until the young rats were weaned at the age of 21 days. Pancreatic histological structure of the mother showed an increase lack of normal tissue density and an increase connective tissues in the pancreas descriptively, especially at the highest level of C.calothyrsus leaf flour (25%) in the diets.
Comparison of DNA Yield from Different Plant Materials of Plumeria sp. (Apocynaceae)
Authors: Martida Vanesa , Pharmawati Made
Published: June 2019

DNA extraction that gives good quantity and quality DNA is a basic step that must be completed for molecular studies, especially in DNA fingerprint imaging.  The aim of this research was to find out the better quality and quantity of DNA extracted from different plant materials of frangipani cultivars (Plumeria sp.). Leaves and flowers were collected from Taman Jepun, Denpasar Bali.  Fresh young leaves and flowers were used as plant materials as well as dried leaves (silica gel dried leaves) of Plumeria sp.  This research used CTAB buffer with modification as lysis buffer.  Purification techique used NucleoSpin® Gel and PCR Clean Up Kit. The results showed that the colour of DNA solution from fresh material was clear and the quantities of DNA from young fresh leaves were between 70-300 ng/µl. The DNA colour solution from flowers was also transparent with concentration between 0-40 ng/µl. DNA isolated from dry material resulted in brown solution with DNA quantity between 30-100 ng/µl and need to be purified to obtain clear DNA solution.
DISTRIBUSI SPASIO -TEMPORAL NITROGEN DI DAERAH TANGKAPAN AIR DANAU TONDANO PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: Wantasen Sofia , Luntungan Joudie N.
Published: June 2019

The spatio temporal distribution of nitrogen in catchment area of   Lake Tondano wasimportant to investigate because agricultural residue comes from the catchment potentiallydecreased water quality in Lake Tondano. The purpose of this study was to examine thedistribution of nitrogen spatially and temporally in the catchment area of Lake Tondano.The study was conducted in the field and laboratory. Water quality sampling conducted byusing composite sampling on the rivers, lake Tondano and outlet of irrigation channels.The data collected was the total nitrogen, nitrate, ammonia in 2001, 2008 and 2014. Datawere analyzed using Graph Method and Spatial Analysis.        The results showed that the distribution of total nitrogen that has a high concentrationfound in the outlet streams and irrigation canals outlet. High nitrate accumulates in theoutlet of Lake Tondano. Nitrate concentration can be divided into 9 (nine) classes, namelyconcentration of 0.100 to 0.211 mg / l; 0.211 to 0.322 mg / l;  0.322 to 0.433 mg / l;  0.433 to0.544 mg / l; From 0.544 to 0.655 mg / l; From 0.655 to 0.766 mg / l; 0.766 to 0.877 mg / l;0.877 to 0.988 mg / l; and 0,988- 1,100 mg / l. Ammonia, spatially spread evenly on thesurface of Lake Tondano. Ammonia concentration can be divided into 9 (nine) class is aclass that has a concentration of 0.000 to 0.064 mg / l; From 0.064 to 0.129 mg / l; 0.129 to0.193 mg / l; From 0.193 to 0.258 mg / l; 0.258 to 0.322 mg / l; 0.322 to 0.387 mg / l; From0.387 to 0.451 mg / l; 0.451 to 0.516 mg / l; and from 0.516 to 0.580 mg / l. Concentrationsof nitrate and ammonia fluctuated from year to year of observation. This was influenced byfertilization in rice fields.
INVENTARISASI TUMBUHAN PENGHASIL PEWARNA ALAMI DI KEBUN RAYA CIBODAS
Authors: Efendi Muhammad , Hapitasari Intan Gresia , Rustandi Rustandi , Supriyatna Ateng
Published: June 2019

Cibodas Botanic Garden, as ex situ conservation areas, preserves living materials ofthe wet mountains flora. Recently, bioprospecting study for dye in this areas has not yetbeen done. Therefor, the aim of this study was to inventory of natural dye in Cibodas BotanicGarden. Sampel were collected by exploration methods. Parts of plants, kinds of color andits chemical compound were recorded based on observation, interview with nurseries andliterature study. A total of 122 species that belongs to 57 families were potentially source asnatural dye, 23 of them has been traditionally used as natural dye in the various places inIndonesia. The plant family of Fabaceae, Rosaceae, Symplocaceae, and Myrtaceae are themost families that used as a source of dye. The color can be produce are ranging from red,purple, yellow, black, brown, green, blue, and orange. The plant organs used as a source ofdye are roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruit. Begonia semperflorens,Berberis nepaulensis,B.fortunei, Symplocosspp., Liquidambar formosana, andDiospyros kaki were potentially fornatural dye, as reported from other countries.
PENGELOLAAN CULTURAL LANDSCAPE PURA BATUKARU SEBAGAI DAYA TARIK EKOWISATA
Authors: Wardi I Nyoman , Srijaya I Wayan
Published: June 2019

The research aims to uncover the potential and management Cultural Landscape PuraBatukaru (Batukaru Temple)  as the appeal of ecotourism in Tabanan and Bali in general.The study was conducted by the method of data collection and analysis. The data collectionis done by observation, interview (dept-interview), and literature study. The data wereanalyzed descriptively qualitative.The study showed that Pura Batukaru reserve that has been set by UNESCO as part ofthe World Cultural Landscape of Bali can be classified into Associative Cultural Landscape(Associative Cultural Landscapes). More details, namely the associative cultural landscapenuances of local culture (Bali). Cultural landscape nuances of local culture Bali includesthree main components of the environment (human-nature-god) in the relationship andinteraction interdependence known as Tri Hita Karana.Based on the names of palinggih (shrine), namely Pucak Kedaton / Sang HyangTumuwuh, and figures of other gods), stone shrines (natural stone) and communities tomanage these (community Bali Age / Bali Mula and Jero Kubayan), historically likelyHeritage Pura Batukaru already exist on prehistoric times (Neolithic-Megalithik). Then,when the kingdom’s political system (mornachi) introduced by Hindu culture, figures ofkings (royalty) was also honored at the site by building shrines as media for ancestralworship.Cultural Landscape of Pura Batukaru can be classified into Associative CulturalLandscape (Associative Cultural Landscapes), namely the associative cultural landscapenuances of local culture (Bali). Cultural landscape nuances of local culture Bali includesthree main components of the environment (human-nature-god) in the relationship andinteraction interdependence known as Tri Hita Karana.Heritage of Pura Batukaru with its jajar-kumiri network (pecan row) and relationswith Ulun Danu Tamblingan form a sacred area (sacred cultural landscape of Batukaru)and the rituals and myths that exist in it has important value in maintaining and preservingthe natural environment for a variety of purposes and interests of the community andgovernment in development, especially the development of ecotourism in a sustainablemanner in Tabanan and Bali in general.
Validasi Nilai Erosivitas Hujan Dari Data Penginderaan Jauh TRMM 3B42 Di Bali Selatan
Authors: Adnyana I Wayan Sandi , As-syakur Abd. Rahman
Published: June 2019

Rainfall erosivity is a measure for the erosive force of rainfall. Rainfall kinetic energydetermines the erosivity and is in turn greatly dependent on rainfall intensity. Research hasbeen conducted to validate monthly rainfall erosivity derived from the Tropical Rainfall MeasuringMission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis(TMPA)3B43 version 7 usingraingauge data analysis from 2003 to 2012. Rain gauge located in the south Bali regions wereemployedto monitor erosivity value from two different methods that are base on Bols (1978)andAbdurachman(1989). Therelationship of erosivity and their other factor from TRMM3B43andrain gauge data statistical analysis measures consisted of the linear correlation coefficient,themean bias error (MBE), and the root mean square error (RMSE). Data validation wasconductedwith point-by-point analysis. The results of these analyses indicate that satellitedatahave lower values than the gauge estimation values. The point-by-point analysis indicatedsatellite data values of high to very high correlation, while values of MBE and RMSEtendedto indicate underestimations with high square errors. Moreover,monthly rainfall erosivityderived from TRMM give high correlation from both methods, with has high bias androot-mean-squareerror. In general, the data from TRMM3B43 version 7 are potentially usabletoreplace rain gauge data based on erosivity estimation, but after inconsistencies and errorsaretaken into account.
Pemanfaatan dan Ekonomi Lontar Bagi Masyarakat Di Kota Kupang
Authors: Marlistiyati Marlistiyati , Mahayasa Mahayasa , Pelokila Marthen R.
Published: June 2019

This study was a descriptive study aimed to describe the form of the utilization of palm and its products as well as economic value is given, while also seeing how the other benefits of ejection for the surrounding environment, as well as how the shape of preservation for plants papyrus remain. This study was conducted in five village spread over 2 sub-district in the city of Kupang Namely District of Kelapa Lima (Ex. Oesapa and Kel. Lasiana), District Maulafa (Ex. Maulafa, Ex. Naimata, Ex. Penfui). The results showed that the population of ejection in the city of Kupang decreased dramatically due to the logging in the region much overgrown palm trees for the construction of both the tourist and residential., Selin was also in the utilization of palm majority of people take advantage of ejection based on knowledge own. Forms of utilization of ejection by the public more on making laru (alcoholic beverage) compared to utilization in other forms such as the manufacture of sugar and liquid sugar plate. It also forms other uses by the community that is in the manufacture of woven still own consumption and has not been introduced to the outside world, although there is the result of webbing that has been introduced to the international level (sasando) but even that would be done by a small group, while when seen in a tree palm has many benefits that can help improve the local economy. Research results also showed a lack of government attention to forms of utilization of these palm trees. Lontar will have value and economic benefit is higher when papyrus was given attention and assistance for people in their utilization thus increase the economic value to the community beneficiaries ejection. Based on these results submitted suggestions like society, the government and all parties concerned to keep attention ejection as one of the typical existing plants NTT. For the government dfan the relevant agencies need to continue to do the socialization and assistance to the community in terms of pemafaatan, processing and marketing of products or product ejection to be better known by the outside world and also needs to be an understanding for the community in the efforts to the preservation of plants palm that because other than plant papyrus that have direct benefits, papyrus also has services for the environment, so that the existence of ejection is maintained.
MODEL PENANGGULANGAN SEDIMENTASI DANAU BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DI PULAU BALI
Authors: Nada I Made , Suryatmaja Ida Bagus , Wiswasta I Gusti Ngurah Alit
Published: June 2019

Countermeasures of community-based lake sediments are directed at maintaining the dynamic balance of Lake Batur, Beratan Lake, Lake Buyan and Lake Tamblingan. Sedimentation process of this lake is triggered by the pattern of management of agricultural land on the edge of the lake is less attention to aspects of soil and water conservation. The purpose of this research is; (1) to obtain a community-based sedimentation prevention model, (2) Mapping Land management on the edge of the lake, (3) erosion control strategy at the edge of the lake. This research is field experiment and surpei research, sampling is done by purposive sampling at Batur Lake 20 samples, Beratan Lake 16 samples, Lake Buyan 16 samples and Danau Tamblingan 12 Sampel. The socio-economic support data of the community was determined by 180 respondents in cluster sampling. Interviews and questionnaires are closed questions on a conventional scale. Characteristics of the lake were analyzed descriptive statistics using   SPSS analysis tool. Land mapping is done by GPS method with GIS device. Predict erosion using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) Model while for sedimentation using the Stanford Sediment model. Data analysis to find out the model of development of sedimentation rate in lake due to erosion that happened, done by non linear regreresi analysis. The results of the analysis are tested on both sides with 95% confidence level on sediment data that is modeled whether or not significant effect
FUNGSI BUAH DAN DAUN TANAMAN DALAM BUDAYA BALI SEBUAH KAJIAN TERHADAP TANAMAN UPACARA
Authors: Adiputra I Nyoman
Published: June 2019

According to the Balinese culture, there are some classifications of plants, such as: medicinal plants, ceremonial plants, commodity plants, horticulture, and magical plants. Due to it’ very importance value, culturally, there is a special day for the existing plants, called tumpek uduh, where a special offering is intended to the god of plantation. In this article is drawn function of leaves and fruits as a material for offering. Analysis is focused on the use of fruits as pala gantung, pala bungkah or tuber for the offerings to the god. The leaves are used for religious ceremony in term of panca dhala or asta dala. In composing the offerings, there is a guidance derived from tatwa pangider-ideran (point of compass). The used of leaves and fruits, is based on the color of leaves and fruits. The goals are for preserving/ conserving and peace-full fitting of nature. The liquid of young coconut fruits are used for the process of purifications materials, places, and the symbols of religious matters. Starting from east direction: nyuh bulan, east-south: nyuh rangda, south direction: nyuh udang, south west: nyuh surya, west direction: nyuh kuning, west-north: nyuh be julit, north direction: nyuh mulung, and the middle: nyuh sudamala. That is the respective-, dedicative offerings from human being to the nature by making use of materials for the feacefull, safety, and sustainability of the nature itself.
Daya Dukung Padang Lamun Di Kawasan Wisata Pulau Pari, Kepulauan Seribu
Authors: Christon Christon , Takarina Noverita Dian , Hasibuan Hayati Sari
Published: June 2019

This research was conducted using carrying capacity analysis method. The purpose of this research was to analyze the seagrass condition and the carrying capacity of seagrass tourism development in Pari Island. Quantitative method is used to reach the research purpose. The result showed that seagrass species found were Halodule ophalis, Cymodocea rottundata, Enhalus acoroides, dan Thalassia hemprichii. Seagrass’ coverage and density at Bintang Beach were recorded as 59.83% and 76 ind/m2 respectively, 47.56% and 54 ind/m2 at Kresek Beach, and 16.61% and 9 ind/m2 at Pasir Perawan Beach. Diversity index of seagrass in Pari Island was 1,199, categorized as moderate condition. The carrying capacity score for seagrass as tourism object in Pari Island in ecological aspect were 94 tourists/day for Bintang Beach, 59 tourists/day for Kresek Beach, and 58 tourists/day for Pasir Perawan Beach. Based on social aspect, local people of Pari Island were mostly welcome the tourists, and the tourists were quite not satisfied with the tourism objects. In economic aspect, tourism activities increase local peoples’ income.
Multi-temporal Analysis for Differential Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (D-InSAR) and Its Application to Monitoring Land Surface Displcements
Authors: Yastika Putu Edi , Shimizu Norikazu , Tanaka Tasuku , Osawa Takahiro
Published: June 2019

Land subsidence rate in Semarang has been observed by D-InSAR technique based on ALOS-PALSAR data on ascending orbits, which is processed by GMTSAR and ArcGIS software. Two kind of methods namely single D-InSAR and Multi-Temporal D-InSAR has been done. By employing SRTM3 and ASTER1 DEM data to remove the topography component, total 67 pairs of inteferogram has generated. Northeast area and shoreline area has largest subsidence about 20-32 cm for 4 years or average rate 5-8 cm/year. Since the northwest area and center area has lower subsidence rate and even no remarkable subsidence occurred, this area seems to be stable comparing the northeast area. Removing the topography component phase to get displacement phase from the phase interferogram by using SRTM3 DEM and ASTER1 DEM data respectively, the both results coincided with 0.995 correlation value. The coherence threshold is an important factor to get better accuracy, but if setting the threshold too high, the process of interference will be failed and not be able to obtain the results in a lot of area. The perpendicular baseline and the temporal baseline (time period) is an important factor to determining the coherence threshold. By using many scenes the Multi-Temporal D-InSAR was applied, and by selecting good pairs of the interferograms, accuracy of the results will be improved. The correlation value for GPS data eventually increased from 0.63 to 0.77.
Remote Sensing Application to Estimate Groundwater Recharge in Denpasar and Surrounding Areas
Authors: Artabudi I Nyoman , Osawa Takahiro , Suyasa I Wayan Budiarsa
Published: June 2019

Water is one of the most important resources for human life, both to support the daily activities and for irrigation purposes as well as supporting tourism industry. Until now the groundwater is still ranked as the major needs, especially in densely populated areas like Denpasar. Groundwater is renewable natural resources, and plays an important role in the provision of water supplies for various purposes. Understanding the spatial variability of groundwater recharge is very important for proper water resource management. Precipitation measurement by satellite especially Global Satellite Mapping for Precipitation, can be applied to large areas only, it can be stated that use of satellite data always results in an improvement of the spatial precipitation estimate if gauge density is low. The aim of this research was to determine precipitation patterns, precipitation groundwater relationship and to estimate local groundwater recharge rate across the Southern Bali basin using remote sensing. This study considers the direct estimation of recharge using recovery of the groundwater level (?H) and total precipitation (Pt) during the wet period. Groundwater recharge was estimated from these two variables using a simple regression equation. The patterns of precipitation in research area was monsoonal dry season occurred in July to August, wet season occurs during November to April and punctuated by transitional season. Precipitation influence on groundwater oscillation occurred on 1~2 months earlier. The amount of recharge rate in the study area based on the results of the study period 2005~2009, for the precipitation data from Global Satellite Mapping for Precipitation ranges from 218 ~ 220 mm per year or about 26 percent of the annual average of precipitation and 650 ~ 660 mm per year or about 32 percent based on the rain gauge data.
Land Cover Change Detection Using Landsat Data in Giao Thuy District, Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam
Authors: Lan Nguyen Tuyet , Osawa Takahiro , Nuarsa I Wayan , An Ngo The
Published: June 2019

Giao Thuy located a coastal area, which has fully the characteristed of microclimate Red River delta. This study was conducted to detect the land cover changes from 2000 to 2015 and the causes. The changes are evaluated using Landsat data by method of land use classification combined with interviews. The results showed that most portion of the land cover class was crops land and land cover change was crops land decreases, forest land rises, aquaculture ponds increase, surface water reduces and unuse flat land area increases. The causes were policy issuses, market, economic, salinity intrusion, climate change and deposits alluvial.
Remote Sensing and GIS Approach for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping: A Case Study in Hofu City, Yamaguchi, Japan
Authors: Nathania Benita , Muira Fusanori
Published: June 2019

Landslide is one of the natural hazards that often initiates by the interaction between environmental factors and triggering factor. The identi?cation of areas where landslides are likely to occur is important for the reduction of potential damage. This study utilizes remote sensing data and Geographic Information System (GIS) to identify areas where landslides are likely to occur and generates landslide susceptibility map based on logistic regression model. The study area is located in Hofu city, Yamaguchi prefecture, Japan. The data that were used in this study are satellite imagery from ALOS AVNIR-2, elevation and geology data from GSI, Rainfall data from AMEDAS, and landslide inventory map provided from Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transportation and Tourism. The result from this study revealed that elevation from > 50 to < 350 m, slope angle from> 5° to < 50°, slope direction of north and northeast, land cover of agriculture, urban, bare soil, and forest, and lithology of graniodorite, fan deposits, and middle terrace are favorable for landslide occurrence. The landslide susceptiility map showed that 98% of the result calculations of logistic regression are similar to the historical data of landslide event which is among 911 landslide points, 899 points were existed in high and very high susceptibility areas.
Application of GSMaP Product and Rain Gauge Data for Monitoring Rainfall Condition of Flood Events in Indonesia
Authors: Sugiartha Nyoman , Ogawara Kakuji , Tanaka Tasuku , Mahendra Made Sudiana
Published: June 2019

Rainfall is one of main causes of floods. Monitoring of the rainfall is essential for understanding flood mechanism and early warning. Ground-based rain gauge is a conventional device to measure rainfall amount and considered as a point measurement. Satellite-based rainfall estimates provides complement measurement over wide area having few or even no in situ data. This study evaluates rainfall intensity variation and patterns preceding flood events in Indonesia for the period of 2003-2010 using the GSMaP_MVK satellite-based rainfall product with one hour and 0.1o x 0.1o resolutions and rain gauge station data as a benchmark. The analysed data are 3-hourly average and daily accumulation time steps. The chosen research locations were Medan City, Pekanbaru City, Indragiri Hulu Regency, Samarinda City and Manado City. Graphical comparisons of the GSMaP_MVK with the rain gauge data show discrepancies in capturing rainfall events and intensity. The GSMaP_MVK performs underestimation for the most areas, except Samarinda City, which is overestimated. Short-term period rainfall pattern is the most frequent occurred preceding flood events for the entire study areas which indicate that the areas are more susceptible to flash floods and river overflows. Overall, the GSMaP_MVK product provides promising potentiality for the application of monitoring rainfall conditions preceding flood events over the research locations. Statistical verifications reveal that on average, correlation coefficients are (0.22-0.54) and (0.65-0.83) for 3-hourly and daily scale, respectively. While, probability of rain detections (PODs) are (0.57-0.75) and (0.93-0.99), accordingly.
Estimation of Green Land to Urban Change Based on Cellular Automata (CA) Method in Singaraja City and its Surrounding Areas
Authors: Suprapto Nyoman Arto , Osawa Takahiro , Putra I Dewa Nyoman Nurweda
Published: June 2019

Singaraja city is the second largest city in Bali which have a fairly rapid growth. Growth and development of the region in urban areas of Singaraja give the positive impact on the economy of the community but also give the negative impact on the environment. Land use change and land conversion into one of the negative issues of the development of urban areas in Singaraja. This study intends to calculate the amount of land conversion occur on the green land into urban areas within 14 years (2001-2015) and predict land use change in 2020 and 2025 in Singaraja City and Its Sorrounding Areas. Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 imageries were used to determine the land use map. Land use map obtained through the process of image classification using supervised method then verified using data field. Land use maps in 2015 and 2001 used to obtain the amount of change of urban areas and green land during the period of 14 years. This results show increasing amount of urban areas as 11,37% (3.153,74 ha) whereas green land decreased by 11,17% (3.097,68 ha). Land use change was predicted by Markov method. The projection results show the amount of urban areas in 2020 was 27,40% (7.598,45 ha) and 35,97% (9.974,55 ha) in 2025. The results obtained with this prediction accuracy rate of 0.91.
Studi of Environmental Optimum for Pearl Oyster (Pinctada maxima) Aquacuolture Using Marine GIS and Remote Sensing Case Study of Buleleng Regency, North Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Budiman Mohan , Osawa Takahiro , Arthana I Wayan
Published: June 2019

Oyster aquaculture is one of priorities for development and promotion of aquaculture activities in Buleleng Regency and since 2010 the production always increase and supports coastal communities. The selection of aquaculture structure system and farm site are importance. The selection should be based on an appraisal of the life history, habits, environmental parameters and socio-infrastructure. This study focused on obtaining the aquaculture structure system and site selection for Pearl Oyster (Pinctada maxima) in Buleleng Regency with seven attributes Chl-a, SST, bathymetry, and currents, distance to town, distance to pier, and distance to laboratory. The model structure for identifying culture structure and suitable sites for oyster aquaculture in coastal of Buleleng Regency was built on MCE (Multi Criteria Evaluation), the final result for suitable site outputs were compared with pearl production in Buleleng Regency in 2009, 2010, and 2011. The result of this study is that most areas at Buleleng coastal had medium suitability scores.
Coral Reef and Shallow Water Benthic Identification Using Landsat 7 ETM+ Satellite Data in Nusa Penida District
Authors: Fahlevi Arief Reza , Osawa Takahiro , Arthana I Wayan
Published: June 2019

This study aims to investigate the feasibility of Landsat 7 ETM+ to identify coral reefs and shallow water benthic at Nusa Penida district in 2009 and 2012, comparison with the Reef Health Monitoring (RHM) results conducted by the Coral Triangle Center (CTC)  using the Point Intercept Transect (PIT) method in the same periods. This study also aims to determine the changes of coral reefs and shallow water benthic cover during this period and the distribution at Nusa Penida districk. Shallow water benthic classification refers to English et al. (1997), with a modified by the addition of vegetation classes (seagrass and seaweed). The classification result using confusion matrix between the Reef Health Monitoring (RHM) with the classification of satellite image in 2009 obtained an accuracy rate of 65.85% with a kappa coefficient value of 0.525, while in 2012 the accuracy value obtained of 74.81% with kappa coefficient value of 0.650, which shows the results of that classification of satellite images of Landsat 7 ETM+ with the results of in-situ research is in a moderate level.
Forest and Industrial Plantation Mapping with Multi-Temporal Dual Polarization by ALOS PALSAR Data In Riau Province
Authors: Molidena Elis , Osawa Takahiro , Ardhana Putu Gede , As-syakur Abd. Rahman
Published: June 2019

Backscattering characteristics of land use has been analyzed using ALOS PALSAR data. The purpose of this research are mapping of land use by five categories such as forest, acacia, oil palm, open area and water, and to identify the changes of environmental. Analysis Pixel-by-pixel average of ALOS PALSAR level 1.5 backscattering used from five of category land use was to estimate the spectral characteristic of each object in difference HH and HV polarization. Ground truth data was taken from 169 locations which used for classification, 119 locations and 50 locations used for validation. Two different times of ALOS PALSAR level 1.0 2009 and 2010 data, was used for changes detection by multi temporal color composite combination. The accuracy result for classification map shows 62% of ground truth database, and multi temporal analysis showed the possibility of changes.
Mapping of Soil Fertility Using Landsat Data in Lautém District, Timor-Leste
Authors: Ximenes Romaldo Da Costa , Osawa Takahiro , Nuarsa I Wayan
Published: June 2019

A single paragraph of about 250 words maximum. For research articles, abstracts should give a pertinent overview of the work. We strongly encourage authors to use the following style of structured abstracts, but without headings: 1) Background: Place the question addressed in a broad context and highlight the purpose of the study; 2) Methods: Describe briefly the main methods or treatments applied; 3) Results: Summarize the article's main findings; and 4) Conclusion: Indicate the main conclusions or interpretations. The abstract should be an objective representation of the article, it must not contain results which are not presented and substantiated in the main text and should not exaggerate the main conclusions.
Estimation of Carbon Sequestration in Tropical Peat Swamp Forest in Central Kalimantan Using Satellite Based on Primary Productivity
Authors: Agustin Dewa Ayu Mery , Osawa Takahiro , Ardhana I Putu Gede
Published: June 2019

One of approach that can be used to estimate the carbon sequestration by vegetation is to calculate the Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) in Central Kalimantan. GPP is total carbon that can be absorbed by vegetation to be used in the process of photosynthesis. The purpose of this study is to estimate the value of GPP using Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model (VPRM) and analyze the data comparison between GPP value data derived from flux tower and GPP value data from MODIS data. The field data from flux tower was taken by Hirano et al. (2007) from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2005. The MODIS data is used MODIS Surface Reflectance Level 3 data year 2004 to 2005. According to the result of this study, the maximum GPP value year 2004 and 2005 showed 302.365 gC m-2 per month (February 2004) and 366.841 gC  m-2 per month (June 2005). The minimum GPP value year 2004 and 2005 was 166.003 gC m-2 per month (November 2004) and 187.663 gC m-2 per month (March 2005). The total value of GPP in year 2004 was 1,134.231 gC m-2 yr-1 and in year 2005 the value was 1,109.001  gC m-2 yr-1. The correlation coefficient between GPP value from flux tower and GPP value from MODIS – VPRM showed in dry season, r = 0.766 and in rainy season, r = 0,839.
Extraction of Tsunami Damaged Areas Due to the 2010 Chile Earthquake Using Optical and SAR Data of ALOS
Authors: Jaya Ni Made Pertiwi , Miura Fusanori
Published: June 2019

Information about damage areas is important due to the large-scale disasters worldwide. In the last decade, both optical and SAR remote sensing were applied in many disaster researches, such as tsunami damage detection. In this study, the ALOS AVNIR-2 and PALSAR images are used to extract the damaged areas caused by the 2010 Chile earthquake. In the processing of ALOS/AVNIR-2, the inundation area was estimated based on the NDVI calculation and classification. Furthermore, damaged areas of the ALOS/PALSAR are extracted by integrating the AVNIR-2 image for water mask and the DEM image for elevation mask. The damaged area result of AVNIR-2 is 8.91 Km2 and for the PALSAR is 8.72 Km2 that is along the coastal areas. The image results showed a good agreement and corresponding area according to the institutional map of the inundation area. Future study in another area is needed in order to strengthen the processing method.
Study of Land Use Change from 1997 To 2014 Using Landsat Data In Bangli Regency
Authors: Naningsi Nuranita , Osawa Takahiro , Merit I Nyoman
Published: June 2019

Bangli Regency is one of Regency in the Bali Province. The total area of  Bangli Regency is 52,081 hectares (9.24%) of total area of Bali Province (563,666 ha). The Growth and the development of the region Bangli Regency the positive impacts on the economy of the community, and the negative impacts on the environment. Land use change is one of the negative issue of development Bangli Regency. This study conduted the calculation of land use change from 1997 to 2014 using Landsat data in Bangli Regency. Landsat 5 TM, Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS imageries were used to determine the land use map based, on using supervised classification method. The field data set the nine classes were classtuded based, on the classification were fresh water, bare land, forest, residential, bushes, irrigated paddy field, non irrigated paddy field, dry land and plantation. There results showed in land use changes from 1997 to 2014 that plantation increased (19,486.33 ha (36.89%)), and residential increased (1,872.00 ha (3.47%)), there is also a vast to reduction in dry land  (-10,868.90 ha (-21.21%)), forest (-6,333.34 ha (-12.24%)), irrigated paddy field (-1,619.50 ha (-3.17%)), bushes (-1,637.30 ha (-3.27%)), bare land (-63.00 ha (-0.17%)), non irrigated paddy field (-113.59 ha ( -0.26%)) and fresh water (-2.70 ha (-0.05%). The results accuracy rate was 89.45%. Anslyse of land use showed that the significant decrease of plantation area in Bangli Regency hill due to rapid development of infrastrusture of tourism and extensive residential area has increased particularly in sub district of the Kintamani District.
Analysis Of Land Use In The Southern Part Of Bali Using Fusion Techniques
Authors: Putra I Kadek Adiana , Osawa Takahiro , Mahendra Made Sudiana
Published: June 2019

The southern part of Bali is a central region of tourism, especially in the Sub District of North Kuta, Kuta and South Kuta. The rapid development of tourism is with increasing infrastructure development. Monitor and analyze need to the land use. In this study a fusion technique with HSV method as the combination with ALOS AVNIR-2 2008 and ALOS PRISM in 2008, to estimate of the level of accuracy of image fusion with ALOS AVNIR-2 and subsequent for the analysis of land use in southern part of Bali. Results of the accuracy test with Google Earth showed land use result fusion has high accuracy with overall accuracy of 83. 5%. Analyze of land use showed that significant decrease of moor area in Jimbaran hill, due to rapid development of infrastructure of tourism is very rapid and then extensive residential areas have increased particularly in Sub district of the North Kuta.
Validitas Rasio Neutrofil Limfosit pada Apendisitis Komplikata di RSUP Sanglah Denpasar
Authors: Christian Dewi Prima , Suwedagatha I Gede , Golden Nyoman , Wiargitha I Ketut
Published: June 2019

Tujuan: untuk mengetahui validitas rasio neutrofil limfosit (RNL) pada apendisitis komplikata. Metode: penelitian dilakukan secara observasional analitik dengan menggunakan desain studi kohort dengan mengambil sampel penderita apendisitis akut yang menjalani apendisektomi di RSUP Sanglah Denpasar, periode Oktober-Desember 2015. Data dikelompokkan menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu RNL dengan cut of point >5 dan RNL dengan cut of point ?5 dan kemudian disesuaikan dengan temuan pemeriksaan histopatologi anatomi sebagai standar baku emas, komplikata dan non-komplikata. Data tersebut kemudian dianalisis dengan analisis statistik deskriptif, analisis kurva ROC, dan uji diagnostik. Hasil: pada penelitian ini diperoleh 62 sampel, dengan median umur 23 tahun, 32 orang penderita laki-laki, 30 orang penderita perempuan, 28 apendisitis non-komplikata, dan 34 apendisitis komplikata. Dari area under curve ROC 0,6229 dengan 95% CI didapatkan cut of point RNL >5 pada apendisitis komplikata, RNL ?5 pada apendisitis non-komplikata. Uji diagnostik didapatkan nilai sensitivitas 85,3%, spesifisitas 39,3%, dan tingkat akurasi 64,5%. Simpulan: RNL merupakan tolak ukur sederhana yang lebih baik untuk meramalkan apendisitis akut dibandingkan dengan penilaian Alvarado Score dan USG abdomen serta valid untuk membedakan apendisitis komplikata dan non-komplikata melalui cut of point RNL.
Penatalaksanaan Batu Ginjal dengan Stone Burden Lebih dari Dua Sentimeter di Rumah Sakit Pusat Angkatan Darat Gatot Subroto Tahun 2011-2014
Authors: Aslim Octoveryal , Utomo Nugroho Budi , Prasidja Nindra , Prasetyo Robertus Bebet
Published: June 2019

Tujuan: untuk mengetahui perbandingan lama operasi, lama perawatan paska operasi, jumlah perdarahan, komplikasi, angka bebas batu, dan hubungan antara komponen tersebut pada operasi percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) dan operasi terbuka baik, pyelolithotomy maupun extended pyelolithotomy sebagai penatalaksanaan batu ginjal dengan stone burden lebih dari 2 cm. Metode: pengumpulan data dilakukan secara retrospektif yang diambil dari rekam medis pasien batu ginjal yang menjalani PCNL dan operasi terbuka di Rumah Sakit Pusat Angkatan Darat (RSPAD) Gatot Soebroto sepanjang tahun 2011 hingga tahun 2014. Hasil: dari 116 pasien dengan usia antara 22-73 tahun, mayoritas laki-laki, didapatkan hasil perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik pada lama operasi (p=0,001), lama rawat paska operasi  (p=0,011), dan komplikasi demam paska operasi (p=0,048), antara PCNL dan operasi terbuka. Sedangkan untuk parameter angka bebas batu dan jumlah perdarahan, tidak didapatkan perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik (p=0,245 dan p=0,154). Pada kelompok PCNL dan operasi terbuka, terdapat hubungan yang bermakna pada lama operasi dengan stone burden (p=0,004 dan p=0,02) maupun letak batu (p<0,001 dan p=0,011). PCNL memerlukan lama operasi dan lama rawat paska operasi yang lebih singkat, serta komplikasi demam paska operasi yang lebih sedikit, dibandingkan operasi terbuka. Namun demikian, untuk angka bebas batu dan jumlah perdarahan, tidak berbeda bermakna pada kedua kelompok. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik pada lama operasi dengan stone burden dan letak batu pada kedua kelompok. Simpulan: PCNL merupakan prosedur minimal invasif yang efektif dan aman dalam tatalaksana batu ginjal lebih besar dari 2 cm atau batu ginjal kompleks.