bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution and density of the bivalve Anomalocardia brasiliana in the estuarine region of Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Maia A. M. L. Rodrigues , Medeiros E. , Henry-Silva G. G.
Published: June 2017

Abstract The objective of this study was to analyze the density and distribution of the bivalve Anomalocardia brasiliana in beaches in the estuarine region of the semiarid in Rio Grande do Norte State, Barra and Pernambuquinho (04°56.978’S and 37°08.961’W and 04°56.792’S and 37°09.375’W, respectively). Samples were collected monthly during 37 months using five transects (300 m long and 400 m apart) laid perpendicularly to the beach line toward the sea. Seven collection points, 50 m apart, were set in each transect, and shellfish and sediment samples were collected. Temperature and salinity were measured in each transect. The results showed a temperature variation of average values of 3 °C; the greatest variation (33.2 °C) was observed in May of 2009. The lowest average salinity values were observed between April and June of 2009 (5, 8.7, and 7.8, respectively). This fact was due to an atypical rainfall in the region, which resulted in a large freshwater inflow into the estuary; the average salinity values were about 40 in the remaining months. The highest precipitation values were observed in April/09, April/10, and April/11; the highest precipitation occurred in April/09 (316.3 mm). The lower average densities of A. brasiliana were observed in April and May/09 when compared to the other months; the lowest value was observed in April/09 (26 ind/m2). The highest densities occurred between November/10 and July/11, with values ranging from 70 to 322 ind/m2. The highest inflow of young individuals (lengths from 2 to 5 mm) was observed between April and June of 2010 and on September/10 while the highest frequency of adults (from 20 to 25 mm) occurred between December of 2010 and April of 2011. Hence, the results of this study show that in the months with the greatest rainfall, salinity and the average density of A. brasiliana showed the lowest values.
Performance of crossbred steers post-weaned in an integrated crop-livestock system and finished in a feedlot
Authors: Costa Patrícia Monteiro , Barbosa Fabiano Alvim , Alvarenga Ramon Costa , Guimarães Sérgio Teixeira , Lampeão Ângelo André , Winkelströter Larissa Kretli , Maciel Isabella Cristina de Faria
Published: June 2017

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of crossbred steers post-weaned in an integrated crop-livestock system (ICL) and finished in a feedlot, fed either a high-level concentrate diet or whole corn with no roughage. Weaned calves of two breed groups - ½ Angus × ½ Nellore, and ½ Charolais × ¼ Angus × ¼ Nellore - were allotted in a completely randomized experimental design (CRD). During the rainy season, the ½ Angus × ½ Nellore animals showed a higher performance than the ½ Charolais × ¼ Angus ×¼ Nellore ones, with 0.748 and 0.490 kg average daily gain, respectively. The productivity in the post-weaning period was 926 kg ha-1 body weight in a 11-month period, in the ICL system. Subsequently, the animals were confined and fed high-concentrate diet or whole corn with no roughage, in a CRD with a 2×2 factorial arrangement. In the feedlot, the ½ Charolais × ¼ Angus × ¼ Nellore animals showed lower values for carcass average daily gain, carcass yield, and slaughter weight than the ½ Angus × ½ Nellore animals. The high productivity in the ICL shows that this strategy, associated with the use of crossbreeding during the post-weaning and finishing stages, can be indicated for the new demand for a sustainable livestock activity.
OS RITOS EMPRESARIAIS NA RELAÇÃO COM COMUNIDADES RURAIS DA AMAZÔNIA MARANHENSE
Authors: Castro Raifran Abidimar de , Castro Edna
Published: June 2017

Neste artigo são apresentadas duas formas de atuação de representantes de grandes corporações junto a comunidades do interior do estado do Maranhão, na região Nordeste do Brasil, com o objetivo de demonstrar, através do conceito de ritos empresariais, como eles são desenvolvidos de maneira estratégica pelas grandes empresas, na sua relação com comunidades rurais. A abordagem metodológica adotada é a qualitativa, com ênfase em análises descritivas e explicativas. Foram utilizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com representantes tanto das comunidades quanto das empresas, além de análises de documentos oficiais disponíveis ao público e de documentos internos disponibilizados para esta pesquisa. Como principal contribuição, tem-se que as grandes empresas desenvolvem a capacidade de interferir diretamente na sua avaliação pelos comunitários, a partir do momento em que selecionam os representantes que tenham vivências relacionadas com causas defendidas por seus antagonistas, nesse caso, os movimentos sociais do meio rural; ou ainda quando conseguem transformar os investimentos financeiros em referenciais positivos de atuação nas comunidades.
Assessment of the effectiveness of physical activity interventions in the Brazilian Unified Health System
Authors: Ribeiro Evelyn Helena Corgosinho , Garcia Leandro Martin Totaro , Salvador Emanuel Péricles , Costa Evelyn Fabiana , Andrade Douglas Roque , Latorre Maria do Rosario Dias de Oliveira , Florindo Alex Antonio
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of interventions on the levels of physical activity of healthy adults, users of the Brazilian Unified Health System and attended by the Family Health Strategy. METHODS Non-randomized experimental study with 157 adults allocated in three groups: 1) physical exercise classes (n = 54), 2) health education (n = 54), 3) control (n = 49). The study lasted for18 months, with 12 months of interventions and six months of follow-up after intervention. Assessments took place at the beginning, in the 12 months, and in the 18 months of study. Physical activity has been assessed by questionnaires and accelerometry. For the analyses, we have used the intention-to-treat principle and generalized estimating equations. RESULTS After 12 months, both intervention groups have increased the minutes of weekly leisure time physical activity and annual scores of physical exercise, leisure and transport-related physical activity. The exercise class group has obtained the highest average annual physical exercises score when compared to the other groups (p < 0.001). In the follow-up period, the exercise class group reduced its annual score (average: -0.3; 95%CI -0.5–-0.1), while the health education group increased this score (average: 0.2; 95%CI 0.1–0.4). There have been no differences in the levels of physical activity measured by accelerometry. CONCLUSIONS The interventions have been effective in increasing the practice of physical activity. However, we have observed that the health education intervention was more effective for maintaining the practice of physical activity in the period after intervention. We recommend the use of both interventions to promote physical activity in the Brazilian Unified Health System, according to the local reality of professionals, facilities, and team objectives.
Optimized indoor daylight for tropical dense urban environments
Authors: Santos Iara Gonçalves dos , Auer Thomas , Souza Roberta Vieira Gonçalves de
Published: June 2017

Abstract Studies using metrics related to dynamic sky conditions for indoor daylight performance assessment in urban environment are rare in tropical latitudes. This study applied one of these metrics, the spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA 300,50% ≥75%, IES LM 83-12) for Cuiabá (15ºS, 56ºW, Brazil), a savanna climate city with a high frequency of partly cloudy skies. Parametric simulations were used to investigate the availability of daylight in dense urban areas. So daylight conditions inside a reference room with varied depths located within a continuous urban canyon were simulated with Radiance/Daysim in Grasshopper/Honeybee. Dimensions of the street and heights of front buildings (obstructions) are also varied in order to observe the relation between the sky angle and the sDA, for the four main cardinal directions. The results of regression analysis for this case study showed that among all evaluated parameters, room depth tended to be the most relevant for the optimization of indoor daylight. Finally, limitations of this approach and opportunities for further investigations were discussed.
Gradation variability assessment of thick-layer cement-stabilised full-depth reclamation
Authors: Anderson Brennan K. , Cox Ben C. , Howard Isaac L.
Published: June 2017

The relatively high strength and stiffness of cement-stabilised pavement base layers have been utilised to facilitate construction and minimise pavement deflections for many years. Transverse cracking and overall durability concerns have also been associated with cement-stabilised layers, at least in part because balancing strength with durability and cracking resistance is a performance aspect often overlooked in design. This paper describes a laboratory investigation of full-depth reclamation materials from a project on US Highway 49 where recycling depths targeted 38 cm but varied considerably and, likely related to some degree, gradation also varied considerably from almost no particles passing 0·075 mm (P0·075) to around 30% P0·075 passing. This level of gradation variability (GV) was deemed worthy of a laboratory investigation into gradation effects on strength and durability. GV effects on wheel tracking, compressive strength under typical mix design conditions (i.e. 7 d moist curing) and compressive strength after durability-oriented conditioning (i.e. wetting and drying, freezing and thawing) were investigated. Insignificant practical effects on strength and durability were observed despite the tremendous GV. Overall, wheel tracking and 7 d moist-cured compressive strengths were reasonable for all gradations tested, and compressive strengths after durability-oriented conditioning indicated that durability was not a first-order concern.
Urban Sport-for-Development Initiatives and Young People in Socially Vulnerable Situations: Investigating the ‘Deficit Model’
Authors: Nols Zeno , Haudenhuyse Rein , Theeboom Marc
Published: June 2017

Critical scholars have indicated that the assumptions underlying most sport-for-development (SFD) initiatives tend to align with a ‘deficit model’ of youth: young people from disadvantaged areas are uniformly deficient and in need of development, which can be achieved through sport (Coakley, 2011; Coalter, 2013). In this article, we investigated these assumptions within six urban SFD initiatives that work with young people in socially vulnerable situations in a ‘first’ world nation, Belgium. We conducted a survey at two moments in time amongst 14- to 25-year-old participants in order to test two assumptions: i) ‘participants are deficient and in need of development’; and ii) ‘participation in SFD initiatives leads to positive personal development’. We operationalised ‘development’ as the commonly used outcomes of perceived self-efficacy and self-esteem. These are ‘household words’ both inside and outside SFD research, practice, and policy and carry the assumption that boosting them will by itself foster positive outcomes. The findings refute the supposition that young people from disadvantaged urban areas are uniformly in need of more perceived self-efficacy and self-esteem and show that there is no simple and predictable change in participants’ ‘development’. We suggest that, in designing and researching programs, SFD stakeholders start from an open-ended bottom-up approach which is tailored to the actual life situations of young people and their individual differences and consider more interpersonal and critical conceptualisations of ‘development’.
The training of an intonation of the emotionally charged speech of F. M. Dostoyevsky’s art characters at classes in Russian as foreign
Authors: Zhuravleva M.V.
Published: June 2017

This article devotes to the practical use of intonational constructions, which are based on emotional speech of main Dostoevsky’s characters. Three autobiographical pieces of work were taken into account: “The notes from death house”, “White nights” and “Netochka Nezvanova”. The first composition of the Great Russian writer was created from his memories when Dostoevsky was imprisonment in Omsk (1850-1854). The death sentence for Dostoevsky's participation in the revolutionary movement, lately changed into imprisonment, being in shackles with other criminals, close acquaintance with the suffering of people made the writer to review his attitude to life. Deep writer’s thoughts, they are colorful and vivid descriptions of life in prison, touching stories about peoples’ destinies. On contrary, “White nights” and “Netochka Nezvanova” are the most poetic stories. “White nights” is a sentimental novel, written by Fyodor Dostoevsky’s flashbacks. He rises the problem of alienation of the individual, and the second work the author highlights the idea of cruel human nature.“I was named a psychologist: this is not true, I am only a realist in the highest sense, i.e I represent all the depths of the human soul” Fyodor Dostoevsky.No doubt, the works I have chosen are not devoid the emotionality, which is the subject of our scientific research. Through the means of continuous sampling, an emotional dialogical speech of the characters was revealed. Using the system of intonational scheme of the Russian linguist E. A. Bryzgunova, the passages of dialogical speech were analyzed and intonated. This work can serve as a teaching aid at the lessons of Russian as a foreign language. It will allow to form the linguistic competence of foreign students of the first and second certification levels, to master all kinds of speech activity, namely: listening, speaking, reading and writing, and finally, to get closer to the work of the great writer F. Dostoyevsky.
Actual problems of the theory of literary dreams and the methods of their study at the present stage
Authors: Sergeev O.V.
Published: June 2017

In the work classical methods of interpretation of dreams are considered. The article gives examples from theoretical literary and pedagogical works of Russian humanitarian thought. The range of points of view is wide enough for a brief study: philosophy, literary history, literary psychoanalysis. The importance of national methodical thought is especially significant in comparison with the works of leading researchers of modern science. An attempt is made to comprehend the boundaries of the study of dreams in literature and to determine the prospects for the scientific comprehension of the artistic imagery of dreams on the example of the last period of Russian classical literature
VOICING OUTRAGE UNEVENLY: DEMOCRATIC DISSATISFACTION, NONPARTICIPATION, AND PARTICIPATION FREQUENCY IN THE 15-M CAMPAIGN*
Authors: Portos Martín , Masullo Juan
Published: June 2017

This article explores frequencies of participation and nonparticipation in the 15-M protest campaign in Spain. Given the nature of this campaign, we focus on democratic dissatisfaction. Our findings suggest that, relative to nonparticipants, democratic dissatisfaction is significantly associated with multiple-time participation, but not with one-time participation. In other words, those who participated only once are not substantially more dissatisfied than those who did not participate. This is remarkable because the “indignados” label and the slogan “Real Democracy Now!” suggest that democratic discontent is a central factor uniting 15-M challengers. Relying on a general survey with questions on different frequencies of participation in the 15-M campaign and on qualitative evidence from two separate rounds of interviewing, we show that not all those who participated, when compared to nonparticipants, were in fact that outraged.
Cameroon Coughs and Sneezes, Symptomatic of Catching Africa's Cold of Conflict: Dealing with the Dilemmas and Controversies of a Country Grappling with its History
Authors: Arrey Sylvester Tabe
Published: June 2017

This work examines events from Cameroon's life since becoming a nation to foster understanding of the worrisome political situation the country has been traversing since 2016. Bitter and unhappy with their treatment since joining the French-speaking part, many citizens of the minority English-speaking part feel fed up and desire a breakup. I show that apart from constituting an aspect of its pride, Cameroon's history is also a source of tricky challenges the country has been wrestling with since inception. I contend that issues of this kind will always be around if those in the country's cockpit fly it to a destination other than what satisfies and respects the two people – especially the one that moved the English-speaking part to opt for a joint destiny. Instead of toying with truth to score personal political points, authorities should yield to truth, operating in good faith to correct errors and heal hurt hearts so that both people will willingly, not by force, accept to work together. Contrary actions will risk the future. Happiness moves people to look at their history with pride finding things to build while pain stirs frustration and fury, moving them to search for flaws to fix or fight. I hold that both parts face almost the same challenges from unmet needs to emaciating struggles of survival. However, the English-speaking part has unique plaques that ache terribly and have nothing to do with the country’s general cry of lagging development. They touch on its identity and survival, unleashing pain many out of its shoes might fail to feel and so unable to understand the degree of excruciation. I caution that though it has been a show of two regions, the likelihood of someday evolving into a ten-region revolution is certain if wise and inclusive actions are not applied. Apart from groaning in their own pain, many among the other eight are sympathetic to the predicament of the lamenting two, expressing fury, first, against the denial by highly placed authorities of the existence of any problem, and second, in their ruthless and brutal treatment of those who complain or challenge their stance. Anger increased as people's patience waned. Their calm will not last if things stay unchanged. When arguments evolve and accommodate their worries they will get on board pushing the heat to levels officials will have problems containing without facing the temptation of fighting the people they are in office to protect. I end with recommendations the state and activists might find useful. They highlight measures that can help in a heterogeneous society like Cameroon to preserve peace and save it from becoming a scene of mayhem and butchery.
Conflict of Culture and Religion: Jalal Al-e-Ahmad's “Pink Nail Polish” from a Bakhtin's Carnivalistic Point of View
Authors: Oroskhan Muhammad Hussein , Anoosheh Sayyed Mohammad
Published: June 2017

By the 1930s, the Iranian society was driven toward modernization. Consisted with the concept of modernization, feminism ushered a whole new era in Iranian history. Besides, the outbreak of World War II and the consequent abdication of Reza Khan afforded women a golden opportunity to fight for their rights and emancipations. This movement was also supported by the famous male writers of the time among whom Jalal Al-e-Ahmad marked a prominent place. He was keen enough to properly explore women's situation in his works and notice the drastic effect of modernization upon women's situation. Hence, in this study, we try to investigate Al-e-Ahmad's short story entitled “Pink Nail Polish” 1948 with respect to Bakhtin's Carnivalesque's theory. Furthermore, it is shown how Bakhtin's new literary mode can create the excellent chance of studying Iranian women's situation properly. Finally, we explain that due to the drastic change of Iranian women's situation towards modernity, they may lead a double life if their rights are not respected. This can lead to a disproportionate relationship between the husband and the wife as the marital infidelity becomes rampant.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, proof of concept study to assess the safety and efficacy of Carica papaya and Tinospora cordifolia leaf extract (Thrombobliss) in subjects undergoing chemotherapy treatment and subjects with systemic microbial infection and subsequent reduction in platelet count
Authors: Babu Ramesh , Kubavat Suresh , K. P. Poulose , K. P. Srinivasa kumar , Handae Sonika , . Satyanarayana , Dhamodaran Vyas , Elangovan Balaji
Published: June 2017

Background: Thrombocytopenia is defined as persistent decrease in the number of blood platelets. Thrombocytopenia usually serves as symptom for identifying hematologic malignancies, infectious diseases, auto-immune disorders and as common side effect of about 200 different disease types. There was neither a specific treatment available for thrombocytopenia, nor to increase the platelet count leading to mortality. Current methods are less effective and have their limitations. This study was conducted to prove that Carica papaya and Tinospora cordifolia leaf extract can increase the platelet count in study subjects with dengue, other microbial infections.

Methods: Totally 250 patients were randomized, subjects within inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria were randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, to receive orally thrombobliss in a dose of 5 ml syrup twice daily or placebo for five consecutive days. Platelet count was monitored every day.

Results: The result showed that there is increase in the platelet count from day 2 in median platelet data and more evident after 72 hours seen in both mean and median platelet count. Even in the cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, there has been significant increase in platelet count. The statistical analysis of the data showed that there is a significant increase in platelet count and is statistical significant p<0.05.  

Conclusions: This study showed that novel combination of Carica papaya and Tinospora cordifolia leaf extract effectively increases platelet count and can be used to treat thrombocytopenia. It is also evident that this combination is safe and effective in treating thrombocytopenia patients due to dengue and other microbial infection.
A cross-sectional descriptive clinical study of dermatological manifestations in obesity
Authors: S. Sivakumar , K. Banupriya
Published: June 2017

Background: Obesity is major health hazard in the western world, however studies on skin manifestations in obese patients are limited. Most common co-morbid conditions associated with obesity are hypertension, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, dyslipidaemia, degenerative joint diseases etc. Skin conditions such as acrochordons, acanthosis Nigricans can be easily made out on inspection and seen most commonly with obesity. It is important for the clinicians to routinely screen patients for obesity and co-morbid conditions.The aims were to study the prevalence of various skin disorders in obese patients and the frequency of skin changes in various obesity classes and to study the presence of metabolic syndrome and its association with leptin and insulin levels in those patients with acanthosis Nigricans and skin tags.

Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study done on 100 patients with a BMI >30 and waist circumference >90 cm (in males) and >80 cm (in females).

Results: Acanthosis Nigricans was the most prevalent skin condition (65%) and the association statistically was significant (p=0.012). Association of Skin tags (second commonest, in 42%) with p=0.012. Acanthosis Nigricans and skin tags among the various skin conditions studied like psoriasis, striae-distensae, fissure-feet, pyoderma, intertrigo, varicose veins, seborrheic dermatitis, Hand-feet eczema, osteoarthritis, candiasis was significantly associated with obesity.

Conclusions: Acanthosis Nigricans and skin tags among the various skin conditions studied had a strong correlation with obesity and metabolic syndrome which may be a marker for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk. It was also noted that in patients with Acanthosis Nigricans and skin tags, who had metabolic syndrome, there was an elevation of the plasma leptin levels and fasting plasma insulin levels but not significant with a p=0.25.
The Lisbon Charter for Public Policy and Regulation of Water Services
Authors: Baptista Jaime Melo
Published: June 2017

The International Water Association (IWA) adopted the Lisbon Charter in January 2015 for guiding the public policy and regulation of drinking water supply, sanitation, and wastewater management services around the world. From the analysis carried out in this article, it can be seen that the public policy instituted in 1993 in Portugal for the water services was according to the principles of the Lisbon Charter in general. It brought together institutional, governance, management, planning, technical, economic, legal and environmental, public health, social, and ethical instruments to ensure the suitable provision of these services. But if the public policy developed in Portugal gave a significant contribution to the preparation of the Lisbon Charter, in the inverse way this modern Lisbon Charter is now giving good support for the consolidation of the national public policy.
Influence of the Stabilization System on the Rheological Behaviour of Plasticized PVC for Cables’ Insulation
Authors: Petraru Filip , Popa Marcel
Published: June 2017

The paper is devoted to the rheological study of plasticized PVC - based compositions for cables’ insulation, stabilized with three different systems (Ba laurate/Cd laurate, Sn dibutyl mercaptide, Pb bibasic stearate/Pb bibasic fosfite) in variable ratios. Starting from some measured parameters, several rheological properties - characteristic for the viscous and, respectively, elastic component of flowing - have been calculated (counter pressure, worm gear’s rotation moment, shear stress at the wall, apparent viscosity, standard viscosity and the viscosity index, output pressure from the rheological nozzle, swelling, relaxation time, first function of the normal unitary stresses, index of elasticity). The observation to be made is that the system of thermal stabilization influences strongly the rheological behaviour by both its nature and amount, which requires a careful consideration of the effects, when products of different types are to be designed. The best thermal stabilization is assured by the Pb bibasic stearate/Pb bibasic fosfite - based system. The obtained recipes have been subsequently characterized from the viewpoint of their thermal stability and, equally, of some of their electrical properties. It was observed that the system of thermal stabilization strongly influences the thermal stability as well as the electrical properties of the plasticized PVC recipes. The highest values of thermal stability, which correlated with corresponding electrical properties, have been attained for the Pb- based system. When different stabilization systems are employed, the transparent, translucent or opaque insulations may be obtained.
Особенности управления предприятиями государственного сектора экономики: совершенствование организационно-экономического механизма
Authors: Самородова Елена Михайловна , Марченкова Лилия Михайловна , Кузнецова Людмила Михайловна
Published: June 2017

Предметом исследования являются принципы управления предприятиями государственного сектора экономики. Объектом исследования является система управления предприятиями государственного сектора экономики Российской Федерации. Авторы подробно рассматривают следующие аспекты темы: особенности концепции управления государственным сектором российской экономики; показатели эффективности деятельности государственных предприятий как основа преобразований в государственном секторе и его реструктуризации. В ходе исследования формулируются выводы о том, что применяемая сегодня для оценки эффективности деятельности предприятий государственного сектора методология позволяет охарактеризовать общественную и отчасти экономическую эффективность их функционирования (дуальный подход к оценке) и оставляет вне внимания критерии качества управления.
Методология исследования основывается на использовании системного подхода, применены методы конкретно-экономического, логического анализа, обобщения, логического моделирования.
Новизна исследования заключается в том, что определение качества и эффективности управления позволяет перейти от дуального к триальному подходу в оценке эффективности и разработать на его основе модель управления предприятиями государственного сектора; данная модель применима для совершенствования организационно-экономического механизма управления государственными предприятиями.
Organização da saúde bucal em uma região do estado de São Paulo segundo a Avaliação Externa do PMAQ-AB, 2012
Authors: Hirooka Lucila Brandão , Catanante Guilherme Vinícius , Porto Hélio Souza , Caccia-Bava Maria do Carmo Gullaci Guimarães
Published: June 2017

Objetivo: analisar a organização da saúde bucal de uma região do estado de São Paulo, buscando dar maior visibilidade a alguns aspectos como infraestrutura, processos e percepção dos seus usuários. Material e Métodos: foram analisados os Módulos I, II e III do banco de dados proveniente do instrumento de coleta da fase de Avaliação Externa do 1º ciclo do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB), aplicado em 2012. Resultados: as unidades de saúde deste estudo funcionavam, em sua maioria, nos turnos manhã e tarde (88%), durante cinco dias da semana (99%). No acompanhamento das gestantes, apenas 35% das equipes registravam consultas odontológicas. Das equipes de saúde com acolhimento implantado, 58% contavam com a participação de algum integrante da equipe de saúde bucal. A maior parte das equipes possuía equipamentos e insumos odontológicos, bem como ofertavam procedimentos básicos de saúde bucal (89%), com exceção dos referentes à prótese dentária. Somente 29% dos usuários entrevistados referiram conseguir marcar atendimento com o cirurgião-dentista na unidade de saúde. Conclusão: apesar da disponibilidade estrutural, observa-se a fragilidade da integralidade do cuidado dada à incipiência de um trabalho multiprofissional e a existência de barreiras ao acesso dos usuários, que apontam para a necessidade de reorganização do processo de trabalho e superação do modelo centrado em práticas curativas.
Avaliação in vitro do efeito de um dentifrício à base de nanohidroxiapatita na rugosidade de superfície do esmalte dental bovinoEfeito de um dentifrício contendo nanohidroxiapatita na rugosidade do esmalte dental
Authors: Reis Patrícia Queiroz Rocha dos , Calazans Fernanda Signorelli , Pubel Luiz Augusto , Silva Eduardo Moreira da , Alves Wesley Veltri , Barceleiro Marcos De Oliveira
Published: June 2017

Objetivo: avaliar in vitro o efeito de um dentifrício à base de nanoHAp na rugosidade superficial do esmalte bovino submetido a ciclagem de pH. Material e Métodos: foram utilizados 12 discos de incisivos bovinos divididos em 2 grupos experimentais: Grupo 1 – dentifrício com flúor - Colgate Total 12 (Colgate-Palmolive Industrial LTDA) e Grupo 2 – dentifrício com nanoHAp - Megasonex (Grupo Goldspire LTDA). Os espécimes foram submetidos ao teste de escovação simulada em 30 ciclos, 2 vezes ao dia, e submetidos a um modelo de ciclagem de pH (desmineralização 6 h pH 4,6/ remineralização 18 h pH 7,0 por dia) durante 14 dias. Todos os espécimes tiveram sua rugosidade superficial avaliada inicialmente e após o tratamento, utilizando um rugosímetro de bancada (Surftest SJ 201). Resultados: na análise estatística pela comparação múltipla entre pares, os testes de Bonferroni e Holm demonstraram que após 7 dias não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa no comportamento dos dentifrícios (p > 0,05), porém após 14 dias, houve um aumento das médias de rugosidade no grupo 1 (dentifrício com flúor) estatisticamente significativo (p < 0,05). Conclusão: o dentifrício com nanoHAp promoveu menor rugosidade superficial após 14 dias.
Identification and quantification of stilbenes in some Tunisian red wines using UPLC-MS and HPLC-DAD
Authors: Decendit Alain
Published: June 2017

Seven Tunisian red wines mainly from the Mornag appellation were analyzed for resveratrol and analogues. The wines of each variety were evaporated, concentrated, and then subjected to fractionation and purification using XAD16 and DOWEX column chromatography. In addition to resveratrol, seven stilbenes were identified by UPLC-MS. The stilbenes derived were shown to be piceatannol, piceid,  α-viniferin, e-viniferin, hopeaphenol and isohopeaphenol. From the point of view of the presence of resveratrol derivatives, one wine, Sidi Zahia, was the richest qualitatively.
Learning for Healthy Food Habit: Avoiding Junk Foods
Authors: Mandal Suchandra Samanta , Sikdar Deb Prasad
Published: June 2017

Dietary behavior is very important for the growth and development of human beings. Nutritional status of an individual is highly influenced by varied eating patterns. In recent years there is a tendency of excessive intake of dietary fats and sugars in comparison to fruits and vegetables. Especially children and adolescents are getting more and more addicted to junk foods and fast foods and pursuing an unhealthy food habit. The adults have also fallen prey to this menace. The consequences are obesity, various physical and mental complications, learning disorders, etc. This paper is aimed at finding out the actual reasons behind such problem and how it can be solved. Informal and formal learning may have profound effect in this regard. Children, youth and adults need to realize that they are vulnerable to rapidly changing world and have to learn how to cope with it. For this they require continuous building up of practical knowledge, attitude, skills and motivation that will lead them to a healthy lifestyle or healthy living.
Dental-Related Use of Hospital Emergency Departments by Hispanics and Non-Hispanics in Florida
Authors: Serna Claudia A. , Arevalo Oscar , Tomar Scott L.
Published: June 2017

Objectives. To examine differences between Hispanics and non-Hispanics in Florida in the dental-related use of hospital emergency departments (EDs).

Methods. We used ambulatory ED discharge records from 2013 to 2015 to compute rates of ED visits for dental complaints per 10 000 population, by region, age, gender, and the percentage distribution visits by primary payer, day of the week, and hour of arrival.

Results. There were 64 100 ED visits for dental complaints by Hispanics and 425 162 by non-Hispanics. Medicaid was the most common primary payer for Hispanics (42.2%) and for non-Hispanics (38.1%). Rates of ED utilization for dental problems per 10 000 population were 45.5 for Hispanics and 95.2 for non-Hispanics.

Conclusions. Rates of ED utilization for dental problems were different between Hispanics and non-Hispanics.

Public Health Implications. Effective interventions need to be developed in the context of a social–ecological model to better understand factors such as health, economics, and education, among others. Understanding and intervening with the individual, communities, and policy could help to modify behaviors and improve access to dental care.
Oral Health Intervention for Low-Income African American Men in Atlanta, Georgia
Authors: Hoffman LaShawn M. , Rollins Latrice , Henry Akintobi Tabia , Erwin Katherine , Lewis Kimberly , Hernandez Natalie , Miller Assia
Published: June 2017

Objectives. To describe the Minority Men’s Oral Health Dental Access Program (MOHDAP) intervention and report participants’ outcomes and satisfaction.

Methods. MOHDAP was designed to increase the oral health knowledge of low-income, African American men in Atlanta, GA, in 2013. A community-based participatory approach and needs assessment guided the intervention development, which consisted of 3 educational modules delivered over a 2-day period. All participants (n = 45; mean age = 50 years) were African American men. We assessed changes in oral health knowledge and attitudes at baseline and postintervention via survey.

Results. After the intervention, the percentage of correct responses to questions about gingivitis increased by 24.2% (P = .01), about use of a hard (instead of a soft) toothbrush increased by 42.2% (P < .01), and knowledge of ways to prevent gum diseases increased by 16.0% (P = .03). The percentage agreeing with erroneous statements decreased 11.3% (P = .02) regarding oral health–related fatalism and oral health self-care and 17.4% (P = .05) regarding saving front versus back teeth.

Conclusions. Community-based oral health educational interventions designed for African American men may reduce oral health disparities among this population.
Life sentence penalty and extradition under article 3 of the ECHR: A leading case of the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Antinucci Dr.Sc. Mario
Published: June 2017

Life sentence penalty covers a diverse range of practices, from the most severe form of life imprisonment without parole, in which a person is sentenced to die in prison so long as their sentence stands, to more indeterminate sentences in which at the time of sentencing it is not clear how long the sentenced person will spend in prison. Dealing with the question whether the extradition of a person to a foreign state where is accused of a crime for which a sentence of life imprisonment can be imposed can potentially violate article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights.What all these sentences have in common, however, is that at the time the sentence is passed, a person is liable to be detained for the rest of his or her natural life. We all know “The United Nations Standard Minimum Rules” and relevant international instruments on the rehabilitation of imprisonment, but at the moment more than 73 States in the world retain life imprisonment as a penalty for offences committed while under the age of 18. General perspective of criminal justice reform in Latin America should take into a right account the meaning of life - imprisonment penalty under article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights, which prohibits torture and inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
Grafting as a Method to Increase the Tolerance Response of Bell Pepper to Extreme Temperatures
Authors: Aidoo Moses Kwame , Sherman Tal , Ephrath Jhonathan E. , Fait Aaron , Rachmilevitch Shimon , Lazarovitch Naftali
Published: June 2017

Core Ideas

Shoot and root interactions under extreme temperatures contributed to tolerance.

Impact of root dynamics on soil pore water EC and Cl uptake increased under extreme temperatures.

Tolerance of extreme temperatures increased assimilation and allocation of C and N to organ growth.

Fluctuations of winter and summer and day and night temperatures strongly influence shoot and root growth, as well as the whole plant tolerance to extreme soil temperatures. We compared the response of a commercial pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) hybrid (Romance, Rijk Zwaan) to a range of soil temperatures when grafted to a new rootstock hybrid (S101, Syngenta), self‐grafted, or ungrafted. The new rootstock hybrid was bred for enhancing abiotic stress tolerance. Plants were grown during winter and summer seasons in a plastic greenhouse with natural ventilation. Minirhizotron cameras and in‐growth cores were used to investigate grafted bell pepper root dynamics and root and shoot interactions in response to extreme (low and high air and soil) temperatures. Soil and air temperatures were measured throughout the experiment. The variations of the grafted peppers and the ungrafted aboveground biomass exposed to low and high temperatures during winter and summer were higher in the Romance grafted on the S101 rootstock than in the self‐grafted and ungrafted Romance. The plot of rootstock S101 accumulated Cl, and the rootstock efficiently allocated C into the leaves, stems, and roots and N into the leaves, stems, and fruits. These traits of rootstock S101 can be used to improve the tolerance of other pepper cultivars to low and high soil temperatures, which could lengthen the pepper growing season, as well as provide highly interesting information to plant breeders.
Type-D Personality in Unemployed Subjects: Prevalence, Self-Efficacy and Heart Rate Variability/Autonomic Response
Authors: Petrowski Katja , Wendt Katharina , Wichmann Susann , Siepmann Martin
Published: June 2017

Background:

Unemployment may impair mental and physical health. The influencing factors causing such negative effects are relevant from an individual and public health perspective. The personality as one possible influencing factor was discussed. This study investigated the prevalence of the type-D personality in an unemployed population and its connections to socio-demographic, psychological and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters.

Methods:

A questionnaire set including socio-demographics, type-D scale (DS14), Complaint list (BL), Beck-Depression-Inventory II (BDI-II) and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) was handed out to 203 unemployed individuals [126 females, mean age ± SD: 42.36 ± 11.08]. For HRV assessment (RMSSD), a subsample of 83 participants [50 females, median age ± IQR: 47.00 ± 17.00] passed the “stress-tests” (timed breathing, d2-attention-stress-test, math test) while heart frequency (HF) was acquiredviathe Stressball software (BioSign GmbH, Ottenhofen, Germany).

Results:

53% of the unemployed had a type-D personality. Compared to non-type-D individuals, type-D individuals had rarely children and by trend a lower educational level; they showed significantly higher scores in the BDI-II and lower scores in the GSE and BL. No differences were observed in mean HF or RMSSD during all the stress-tests.

Conclusion:

The HRV of individuals with a type-D personality is no worse than that of individuals without a type-D personality. Type-D personality was significantly associated with negative health effects regarding depressiveness, self-efficacy and physical complaints. Our main findings implicate that the DS14 could serve as a short and reliable screening instrument to select concerned unemployed individuals who might be at risk for negative health effects for adequate intervention.
Using an Image Fusion Methodology to Improve Efficiency and Traceability of Posterior Pole Vessel Analysis by ROPtool
Authors: Prakalapakorn Sasapin.G. , Vickers Laura A. , Estrada Rolando , Freedman Sharon F. , Tomasi Carlo , Farsiu Sina , Wallace David K.
Published: June 2017

Background:

The diagnosis of plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) largely determines the need for treatment; however, this diagnosis is subjective. To make the diagnosis of plus disease more objective, semi-automated computer programs (e.g. ROPtool) have been created to quantify vascular dilation and tortuosity. ROPtool can accurately analyze blood vessels only in images with very good quality, but many still images captured by indirect ophthalmoscopy have insufficient image quality for ROPtool analysis.

Purpose:

To evaluate the ability of an image fusion methodology (robust mosaicing) to increase the efficiency and traceability of posterior pole vessel analysis by ROPtool.

Materials and Methodology:

We retrospectively reviewed video indirect ophthalmoscopy images acquired during routine ROP examinations and selected the best unenhanced still image from the video for each infant. Robust mosaicing was used to create an enhanced mosaic image from the same video for each eye. We evaluated the time required for ROPtool analysis as well as ROPtool’s ability to analyze vessels in enhanced vs. unenhanced images.

Results:

We included 39 eyes of 39 infants. ROPtool analysis was faster (125 vs. 152 seconds; p=0.02) in enhanced vs. unenhanced images, respectively. ROPtool was able to trace retinal vessels in more quadrants (143/156, 92% vs 115/156, 74%; p=0.16) in enhanced mosaic vs. unenhanced still images, respectively and in more overall (38/39, 97% vs. 34/39, 87%; p=0.07) enhanced mosaic vs. unenhanced still images, respectively.

Conclusion:

Retinal image enhancement using robust mosaicing advances efforts to automate grading of posterior pole disease in ROP.
Tippek és trükkök Moodle számonkérés készítéséhez
Authors: Vámosi Attila
Published: June 2017

A Moodle rendszerben készített elektronikus számonkérések nagymértékben megkönnyíthetik a vizsgáztatók dolgát, mégis csak kevesen használják ki ezt a lehetőséget. A cikk áttekinti a Moodle számonkérési rendszerét, a kérdésbank feltöltését, a teszt létrehozását és a kiolvasható statisztikák körét. Ezt követően gyakran felvetődő kérdéseket, félreértéseket válaszol meg, valamint tippeket ad és trükköket mutat a biztonságos vizsgáztatással kapcsolatosan
MEASURING BRAND EQUITY OF COSMECEUTICALS – A CASE USING CONSUMER BASED BRAND EQUITY MODEL
Authors: P Vaijayanthi , Ka Shreenivasan
Published: June 2017

Objective: This study intends to operationalize brand equity and form a standard measure of it that could be used across cosmeceutical products to measure brand equity. It attempts to provide an indication of a set of items that can contribute to brand equity.Methods: A survey instrument containing the said brand equity concept was administered to a sample pool of 200 select beauticians and consumers of a leading Indian Cosmeceutical brand identified using stratified random sampling method, from among the universe of the users of the product in Tiruchirappalli district, Tamil Nadu.Results: The results obtained confirm that the dimensions, viz., brand awareness, perceived quality, brand loyalty, brand association, and brand image were found to significantly contribute to brand equity in cosmeceutical products. The regression confirms that perceived quality and brand associations are not causal drivers but are only indirect drivers of brand equity. Further, the dimension perceived quality was very strongly related with both brand loyalty and brand image, and brand loyalty was very strongly related with brand association among the beauticians segment of the sample. In the case of the brand equity dimensions among consumers, the brand association was very strongly related with brand awareness, perceived quality, and perceived quality was very strongly associated with the brand image.Conclusion: The outcomes of the study confirm that cognitive components of perceived quality and brand association were less contributing to brand equity and the affective component of brand loyalty had stronger underpinning on brand equity construction and hence play an important role in brand management. The brand equity structure gives a very good clarification of brand equity drivers and also their relationships, to formulate a cause and effect model. The model can form a basis for more action-based tactical and operational marketing strategies.
VANCOMYCIN INTERMEDIATE AND VANCOMYCIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS – MECHANISMS, CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE AND DETECTION
Authors: Bhat Gopalkrishna K , Kumari Jyoti , Shenoy Shalini M , Hegde Ashwini , M Chakrapani , K Vidyalakshmi
Published: June 2017

Vancomycin is used as the antibiotic of choice for severe infection caused by methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Increased use of vancomycin and the selective pressure has resulted in the emergence of S.aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin and vancomycin resistant S.aureus. This review summarizes the definition, mechanism, clinical significance and epidemiology of S.aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin. It also discusses laboratory methods for detection and treatment options available for these pathogens.