bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of the gut microbiota in understanding functional gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: Zardzewiały Witold , Bernacki Radosław , Bernacki Piotr , Zaremskyi Oleksii , Dutka Martyna , Szawica Dominik , Kuźniar Aleksandra , Oleszko Michał , Wąsiewicz Edward
Published: August 2023

One of the most prevalent digestive diseases worldwide, functional gastrointestinal dysfunction (FGID) places a substantial strain on healthcare resources and causes significant morbidity. A study using Rome IV diagnostic criteria estimates the prevalence of FGID is about 40% worldwide. Most people with FGID exhibit symptoms from the realm of psychopathology, most often anxiety and depression, making patients' quality of life lower compared to even those with chronic organic diseases. By elucidating the causes and consequences of qualitative and quantitative changes between the microbiota of a healthy person and the microbiota of a person with FDIG, incredible progress has been made in understanding the role of the gut microbiota in FGID. However, the exact cellular and molecular pathogens of FGID that are directed by the gut microbiota remain unknown, and learning more about them will result in non-empirical, but targeted therapies.
Utilizing Ex-Bird Market Buildings in the City of Balikpapan: Needs and Economics Approach Analysis
Authors: Bin Nasir Zahrul Azhar , Nurpita Anisa , Nugraheni Agusta Ika Prihanti
Published: August 2023

Balikpapan City has many active markets but there are also markets that are no longer active, one of which is the former Bird Market building. The purpose of this study is to analyse the needs and economics of the asset in order to achieve the most optimal management. Alternative economic studies are based on the results of FGDs and surveys to fulfil the wishes of the community. The data used is primary data using a survey where the respondents are the community around the asset location and supported by stakeholders. The analytical tools used are BCR (Benefit Cost Ratio) and NPV (Net Present Value). The results obtained are the most profitable alternative economic use is a children's amusement park with an NPV value of -19.6 billion rupiah and a BCR value of 1.71, followed by the UMKM Center building with an NPV value of 3.3 billion rupiah and a BCR value of 1.17 or more than 1. Meanwhile, the first priority of community needs is the traditional market, the second is the UMKM center building. So the alternative that suits the needs of the community and has economic benefits is the UMKM centre building. Therefore, based on the results of economic calculations, it is recommended that the former bird market building be better used for the UMKM centre. Thus, the local government can use this research as a reference in determining the reuse of the former bird market building.
Smart Living Tourism: Safe and Comfort Natural Tourism Concept
Authors: Prastiwi Lustina Fajar , Handayani Sri , Kumar Chaudary Sunil
Published: August 2023

This research is a literacy study about smart living tourism in Indonesia. The aim is to find out the opportunities that smart living tourism has to develop through a review of existing literature. This study uses a descriptive and qualitative methodologies. Researchers try to uncover and understand something behind phenomena that have not been known before so that they can provide complex details about phenomena that are difficult to uncover in previous research. The result is smart living tourism Indonesia has a wide opportunity as a new nature tourism entity. With the existence the usage of websites, social media, and the internet can speed up marketing and increase consumer convenience in consuming this tourism commodity because it is easy and fast. What's more, smart living tourism is very close to nature, adding to the variety of ways tourists can enjoy nature. The contribution of this article is to provide knowledge that the trend of mart living tourism is becoming quite promising as a way to increase income in the tourism sector by collaborating between lodging tourism and nature tourism.
Chronic Open Angle Glaucoma: a Biopsychosocial Approach to Patient Care
Authors: Stanford Penelope
Published: August 2023

It is estimated that 2.2 billion people are affected by impaired vision resulting from eye conditions. Chronic open angle glaucoma (COAG) is one such condition, which primarily affects older adults, and is linked to other factors such as genetic predisposition, high blood pressure, diabetes and smoking. By 2025, it is projected that 44% of the UK’s ageing population will have COAG. Vision loss due to this condition is irreversible. In this article, Penelope Stanford discusses the bioscience of COAG, and provides information on access to care and patient interventions.
Neck weakness in individuals with motor neurone disease: an insight into head support
Authors: Sheehy Timothy P , Connors Karol A , Wools Christine A
Published: August 2023

Background/Aims

Neck weakness and head drop can occur in individuals with motor neurone disease, further contributing to disability and lower quality of life. The aims of this study were to explore the characteristics of neck weakness in motor neurone disease and the different types of head support used by patients.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was performed, where 33 participants with motor neurone disease-related neck weakness answered a 17-item questionnaire. The questions covered their neck weakness and the types of head support they used at the time.

Results

All participants reported that their quality of life was negatively impacted by their neck weakness. Of the participants, 51.5% reported forward head drop and 42.4% reported that their head dropped both forward and to the side. The most common head support strategy was tilting their chair backwards, followed by the soft neck collar and a rigid collar (Aspen Vista). The majority used either two or three head support strategies in a given day. A total of 26 participants used neck collars, with 11 requiring modifications to their neck collars and 13 reporting not being able to use their neck collar for as long as they wished.

Conclusions

This study identified the negative impact that neck weakness has on the quality of life for people living with motor neurone disease, and how varied people’s experiences are of living with and attempting to manage this symptom. This is a complex symptom for allied health professionals to manage and an individualised approach is required.
A clinical approach to a child with mirror hand malformation: 8-year follow-up results
Authors: Sigirtmac Ilkem Ceren , Arslan Ozge Buket , Seven Baris , Oksuz Cigdem , Leblebicioglu Gürsel
Published: August 2023

Mirror hand (ulnar dimelia) is a very rare congenital anomaly of the upper extremity. This report presents the results of a therapy programme given to a patient with mirror hand. Pollicisation, opponensplasty, triceps lengthening and elbow arthrolysis were performed when the child was 2, 3, 4 and 7 years old respectively. Hand rehabilitation was planned in early (4–8 weeks), mid (9–12 weeks), and late (12 weeks) postoperative periods. The main purposes of the rehabilitation were to help the child recognise their hands and to use them functionally, ensure cortical reorganisation, improve independence and participate in activities of daily living. Range of motion, muscle and grip strength, sensation and hand function assessment results from an 8-year follow-up are presented. After 8 years of follow-up, the child was able to use his hand functionally, his grip strength was 1 kg, and his sensation was typical. Although he was independent in performing activities of daily living, because he did not have sufficient elbow flexion, he used excessive wrist flexion in some activities. The treatment was satisfactory for the child and the family. The child displayed typical motor development similar to his peers. Planning the treatment and therapy in coordination with hand surgeons is essential for optimal hand function.
A history of handwashing
Authors: Winter George
Published: August 2023

George Winter looks at the finer points of handwashing in healthcare and the extent to which a professional's sense of responsibility to their patients, their colleagues and to themselves may influence their behaviour
Surgical Robots Aim to End Need to Go Under the Knife
Authors: Knight Helen
Published: August 2023

New generation of miniaturised ultrasonic devices seek to go deeper into the body to perform complex procedures
Celebrating Innovation
Authors: Excell Jon
Published: August 2023

2018 awards finalists announced
Surgery Simulation Tool ‘Cheaper than Buying A Cadaver’
Authors: Wade Andrew
Published: August 2023

Technology combines VR and haptics to mimic feel of human tissue
Magnetic Gel to Reduce Pain
Authors: Nathan Stuart
Published: August 2023

Technique could revolutionise treatment
‘Lotus Effect’ to Repel Water
Authors: Nathan Stuart
Published: August 2023

Etching on metals recreates nature
The Perennial Exit of Teachers From Alaska and the Inadequacy of Herzberg Theory: A Follow-Up Qualitative Study
Authors: Viray Rose Ann B. , Velasquez-Fajanela Jennifer V.
Published: August 2023

The researcher assessed the subject teachers’ levels of satisfaction and/or dissatisfaction using the Herzberg Two-Factor Theory. The study assesses employee motivation and hygiene, as discussed in the first part of the study about exploring the socio-demographic profile and job satisfaction level among teachers in Alaska. Frederick Herzberg (1923–2000) was a well-known author, and his work was praised by the Harvard Business Review. His theory has been widely accepted by many different groups and studies, with many people adapting and applying the theory to business management. For many years, teachers have been leaving school districts, particularly in Alaska, and this project seeks to investigate the causes of this phenomenon. Running a school is like running a business, except your clients or customers are students and parents. You must be able to choose what type of education they require. Schools have a system structure that is like a business. A school district that oversees several schools is analogous to a conglomerate that oversees a group of businesses. The study was conducted in the Bering Strait School District, in northwest Alaska, which serves fifteen isolated villages and two islands. Various methods including survey questionnaires, interviews and data gathering, were used and implemented. Out of 30 targeted respondents, 13 had high hygiene and high motivator factor (HHHM) scores and were further analyzed through interviews, with the data gathered subjected to thematic analysis. It was noted that some of the factors that affected the respondents in leaving their school are professional-related reasons, professional growth, job stability, physiological growth, no consistent reliable childcare options or childcare, very cold weather, and emotional reasons. Lack of these factors can influence the participants to seek such services elsewhere—from another workplace that can provide them with these services, and thus give them comfort, and peace of mind as well.
Assessment of progression and clinical relevance of stress-shielding around press-fit radial head arthroplasty
Authors: Giannicola Giuseppe , Amura Andrea , Sessa Pasquale , Prigent Sebastien , Cinotti Gianluca
Published: August 2023

Aims

The aim of this study was to analyze how proximal radial neck resorption (PRNR) starts and progresses radiologically in two types of press-fit radial head arthroplasties (RHAs), and to investigate its clinical relevance.

Methods

A total of 97 patients with RHA were analyzed: 56 received a bipolar RHA (Group 1) while 41 received an anatomical implant (Group 2). Radiographs were performed postoperatively and after three, six, nine, and 12 weeks, six, nine, 12, 18, and 24 months, and annually thereafter. PRNR was measured in all radiographs in the four radial neck quadrants. The Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), the abbreviated version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire (QuickDASH), and the patient-assessed American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score - Elbow (pASES-E) were used for the clinical assessment. Radiological signs of implant loosening were investigated.

Results

The mean follow-up was six years (2 to 14). PRNR started after a mean of 7.5 weeks (SD 2.1) and progressed significantly during the first two years, by the end of which the bone resorption stabilized. PRNR was detected in 81% (n = 45) of patients in Group 1 and 88% (n = 36) in Group 2. The final mean PRNR was 3.0 mm (SD 2.3) in Group 1 and 3.7 mm (SD 2.5) in Group 2. The mean MEPS, QuickDASH, and pASES-E were 95.9 (SD 11.5), 4.4 (SD 9.2), and 94.8 (SD 10.9) in Group 1 and 92.2 (SD 16.2), 9.9 (SD 21.5), and 90.8 (SD 15) in Group 2, respectively. No significant differences were observed between groups in the clinical and radiological outcomes. No correlations were found between PRNR and the clinical results.

Conclusion

PRNR after press-fit RHA is a common radiological finding that develops in the first 24 months before stabilizing definitively. PRNR does not affect the clinical results or implant survival in the mid term.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(8):905–911.
Association between additional weekend rehabilitation and in-hospital mortality in patients with hip fractures
Authors: Ogawa Takahisa , Onuma Ryo , Kristensen Morten T. , Yoshii Toshitaka , Fujiwara Takeo , Fushimi Kiyohide , Okawa Atsushi , Jinno Tetsuya
Published: August 2023

Aims

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between additional rehabilitation at the weekend, and in-hospital mortality and complications in patients with hip fracture who underwent surgery.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted in Japan using a nationwide multicentre database from April 2010 to March 2018, including 572,181 patients who had received hip fracture surgery. Propensity score matching was performed to compare patients who received additional weekend rehabilitation at the weekend in addition to rehabilitation on weekdays after the surgery (plus-weekends group), as well as those who did not receive additional rehabilitation at the weekend but did receive weekday rehabilitation (weekdays-only group). After the propensity score matching of 259,168 cases, in-hospital mortality as the primary outcome and systemic and surgical complications as the secondary outcomes were compared between the two groups.

Results

The plus-weekends group was significantly associated with lower in-hospital mortality rates compared with the weekdays-only group (hazard ratio 0.86; 95% confidence interval 0.8 to 0.92; p < 0.001). Systemic complications such as acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, renal failure, and sepsis were significantly lower in the plus-weekends group, whereas urinary tract infection (UTI) and surgical complications such as surgical site infection and haematoma were significantly higher in the plus-weekends group.

Conclusion

Additional weekend rehabilitation was significantly associated with lower in-hospital mortality, as well as acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, renal failure, and sepsis, but was also significantly associated with a higher risk of UTI and surgical complications. This result can facilitate the effective use of the limited rehabilitation resources at the weekend and improve the clinical awareness of specific complications. To establish more robust causal associations between additional rehabilitation over the weekend and clinical outcomes, further prospective studies or randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes are warranted.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(8):872–879.
Outcomes in Ankle Replacement Study (OARS)
Authors: Smith Toby O. , Dainty Jack , Loveday David T. , Toms Andoni , Goldberg Andrew J. , Watts Laura , Pennington Mark W. , Dawson Jill , van der Meulen Jan , MacGregor Alexander J.
Published: August 2023

Aims

The aim of this study was to capture 12-month outcomes from a representative multicentre cohort of patients undergoing total ankle arthroplasty (TAA), describe the pattern of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) at 12 months, and identify predictors of these outcome measures.

Methods

Patients listed for a primary TAA at 19 NHS hospitals between February 2016 and October 2017 were eligible. PROMs data were collected preoperatively and at six and 12 months including: Manchester-Oxford Foot and Ankle Questionnaire (MOXFQ (foot and ankle)) and the EuroQol five-dimension five-level questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L). Radiological pre- and postoperative data included Kellgren-Lawrence score and implant position measurement. This was supplemented by data from the National Joint Registry through record linkage to determine: American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade at index procedure; indication for surgery, index ankle previous fracture; tibial hind foot alignment; additional surgery at the time of TAA; and implant type. Multivariate regression models assessed outcomes, and the relationship between MOXFQ and EQ-5D-5L outcomes, with patient characteristics.

Results

Data from 238 patients were analyzed. There were significant improvements in MOXFQ and EQ-5D-5L among people who underwent TAA at six- and 12-month assessments compared with preoperative scores (p < 0.001). Most improvement occurred between preoperative and six months, with little further improvement at 12 months. A greater improvement in MOXFQ outcome postoperatively was associated with older age and more advanced radiological signs of ankle osteoarthritis at baseline.

Conclusion

TAA significantly benefits patients with end-stage ankle disease. The lack of substantial further overall change between six and 12 months suggests that capturing PROMs at six months is sufficient to assess the success of the procedure. Older patients and those with advanced radiological disease had the greater gains. These outcome predictors can be used to counsel younger patients and those with earlier ankle disease on the expectations of TAA.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(8):895–904.
A prospective radiostereometric analysis of the stability of a metal-backed glenoid component/autograft composite in reverse shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Cunningham Lindsay J. , Walton Mike , Bale Steve , Trail Ian A.
Published: August 2023

Aims

Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) can be used in complex cases when the glenoid requires reconstruction. In this study, a baseplate with composite bone autograft and a central trabecular titanium peg was implanted, and its migration was assessed for two years postoperatively using radiostereometric analysis (RSA).

Methods

A total of 14 patients who underwent a rTSA with an autograft consented to participate. Of these, 11 had a primary rTSA using humeral head autograft and three had a revision rTSA with autograft harvested from the iliac crest. The mean age of the patients was 66 years (39 to 81). Tantalum beads were implanted in the scapula around the glenoid. RSA imaging (stereographic radiographs) was undertaken immediately postoperatively and at three, six, 12, and 24 months. Analysis was completed using model-based RSA software. Outcomes were collected preoperatively and at two years postoperatively, including the Oxford Shoulder Score, the American Shoulder and Elbow Score, and a visual analogue score for pain. A Constant score was also obtained for the assessment of strength and range of motion.

Results

RSA analysis showed a small increase in all translation and rotational values up to six months postoperatively, consistent with settling of the implant. The mean values plateaued by 12 months, with no evidence of further migration. In four patients, there was significant variation outside the mean, which corresponded to postoperative complications. There was a significant improvement in the clinical and patient-reported outcomes from the preoperative values to those at two years postoperatively (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

These findings show, using RSA, that a glenoid baseplate composite of a trabecular titanium peg with autograft stabilizes within the glenoid about 12 months after surgery, and reinforce findings from a previous study of this implant/graft with CT scans at two years postoperatively, indicating that this type of structural composite results in sound early fixation.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(8):912–919.
Determination of Anatolian Honeybee Biodiversity by Wing Characters
Authors: Kekeçoğlu Meral , Bir Songül , Acar Merve Kambur
Published: August 2023

In this study, we report that there were five different subspecies and three different ecotypes defined so far in Türkiye, which has a rich biodiversity in terms of honeybee subspecies. However, recently, it has been thought that the current biodiversity is in danger of extinction due to the commercial queen bee supply and the migratory beekeeping activities from a single source. This study uses the morphometric method to reveal the current status of honeybee biodiversity in Türkiye. For this purpose, a total of 3186 worker bees were studied by samplings from 19 different provinces to represent the honeybee races and ecotypes distributed in Türkiye. We made wing preparations and established 19 landmarks on the right forewings using the BAB BsPro200 program. The program automatically obtained the wing’s metrics’ angle, length, and index values via these 19 landmarks. We used Discriminant function analysis to determine intragroup and intergroup variations by taking the colony averages from data obtained from 31 morphological characters. Given the canonical discriminant function analysis and UPGMA dendrogram, Zonguldak, Düzce, Sakarya, Artvin, Ardahan, and Trabzon constituted a group, and Edirne, Kilis, Van, and Isparta formed a separate group. Hakkari, Kahramanmaraş, and Ordu provinces formed a separate line together. On the other hand, the group centers of Kars and Kırklareli, two different ends of Türkiye, overlapped and formed a close line with Isparta. As a result, this study revealed that, although the protection measures taken at the local level effectively protected the honeybee biodiversity, these measures are insufficient.
Fluctuation in the richness of social wasps throughout a large construction project
Authors: Maciel Tatiane Tagliatti , Barbosa Bruno Corrêa , Prezoto Fábio
Published: August 2023

Since some social wasp species are sensitive to environmental changes and can be used as bioindicators, the objective of the present study was to analyze the variation in the fauna of social wasps during the phases: before, during, and after completion, as well as to validate the use of wasps as a tool for monitoring the impacts generated by the implantation of the Botanical Garden of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora. Social wasps were sampled through active searching methods, searching for nests and attractive traps in the years 2011 and 2012 (before the construction), 2013, 2014, and 2016 (during the construction), and 2019 (after the construction and opening of the Botanical Garden). The richness and similarity of the species varied over the years, and it was possible to identify resistant and sensitive species to the impact caused by the implantation of the Botanical Garden. Studies with social wasp fauna conducted over many years in the same area can be an efficient tool in monitoring impacts; in addition, it is necessary to have a partnership between researchers and the management of the enterprises to mitigate the effects caused by guidelines and environmental education.
Postcolonialism Goes Queer: Concealments and Disclosures in Dinaw Mengestu’s All Our Names
Authors: Studniarz Sławomir
Published: August 2023

Abstract: This article discusses All Our Names , the 2014 novel by Dinaw Mengestu, an Ethiopian-born, American immigrant writer. The narrative focuses on two figures: a young Ethiopian dreamer caught in the postcolonial military struggle in Uganda who later seeks safe haven in the US, and a single white American woman in her early thirties named Helen, a social worker at Lutheran Relief Services. Such a configuration certainly suggests the relevance of the postcolonial perspective, but in the novel, issues of race and postcolonialism are intertwined with the identity crisis aggravated by the ethnically polarized world of small-town America. Yet the identity that is destabilized is not merely racial but also sexual, through the convoluted and illicit erotic relationships in which the characters are enmeshed. This article analyzes the concealments of sexual identities and the struggles of the characters, who are reluctant to disclose their selves and the true nature of their relations with each other, first in the context of cultural dislocation engendered by involuntary migration to the United States, and then in the postcolonial setting of war-torn Uganda
Reflections on the Golden Jubilee of the Publication of "The Ideology of English Colonization: From Ireland to America"
Authors: Canny Nicholas
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Taking the opportunity of a seminal article's fiftieth anniversary, Audrey Horning, Peter Mancall, Hiram Morgan, and Rory Rapple discuss the impact of Nicholas P. Canny's 1973 William and Mary Quarterly article, "The Ideology of English Colonization: From Ireland to America," on scholarship on both sides of the Atlantic. Alison Games provides an introductory essay for the Forum, and Canny provides a response.
High-responsivity and high-speed black phosphorus photodetectors integrated with proton exchanged thin-film lithium niobate waveguides
Authors: Hu Youtian , Yang Fan , Chen Jiamin , Lu Shijia , Zeng Qinyu , Han Huangpu , Ma Yujie , Zhao Zhigang , Chai Guangyue , Xiang Bingxi , Ruan Shuangchen
Published: August 2023

We present a high-performance broadband (450-1550 nm) black phosphorus photodetector based on a thin-film lithium niobate waveguide. The waveguides are fabricated by the proton exchange method with flat surfaces, which reduces the stress and deformation of two-dimensional materials. At a wavelength of 1550 nm, the photodetector simultaneously achieves a high responsivity and wide bandwidth, with a responsivity as high as 147 A/W (at an optical power of 17 nW), a 3-dB bandwidth of 0.86 GHz, and a detectivity of 3.04 × 1013 Jones. Our photodetector exhibits one of the highest responsivity values among 2D material-integrated waveguide photodetectors.
Experimental demonstration of deterministic quantum search for multiple marked states without adjusting the oracle
Authors: He Xin , Zhao Wen-Tao , Lv Wang-Chu , Peng Chen-Hui , Sun Zhe , Sun Yong-Nan , Su Qi-Ping , Yang Chui-Ping
Published: August 2023

Grover’s search algorithm is a well-known quantum algorithm that has been extensively studied and improved to increase its success rate and enhance its flexibility. However, most improved search algorithms require an adjustment of the oracle, which may not be feasible in practical problem-solving scenarios. In this work, we report an experimental demonstration of a deterministic quantum search for multiple marked states without adjusting the oracle. A linear optical setup is designed to search for two marked states, one in a 16-state database with an initial equal-superposition state and the other in an 8-state database with different initial nonequal-superposition states. The evolution of the probability of finding each state in the database is also measured and displayed. Our experimental results agree well with the theoretical predictions, thereby proving the feasibility of the search protocol and the implementation scheme. This work is a pioneering experimental demonstration of deterministic quantum search for multiple marked states without adjusting the oracle.
The association between lead exposure and crime: A systematic review
Authors: Talayero Maria Jose , Robbins C. Rebecca , Smith Emily R. , Santos-Burgoa Carlos
Published: August 2023

Prior research has demonstrated an association between lead exposure and criminal behavior at the population-level, however studies exploring the effect of lead exposure on criminal behavior at the individual-level have not been reviewed systematically. The intent of this study is to complete a systematic review of all studies assessing individual-level exposures to lead and the outcomes of crime and antisocial behavior traits. We included peer reviewed studies that were published prior to August 2022 and were classified as cohort, cross-sectional, or case-control. Studies measuring the outcomes of crime, delinquency, violence, or aggression were included. The following databases were searched using a standardized search strategy: ProQuest Environmental Science Database, PubMed, ToxNet and the Public Affairs Information Service (PAIS). Seventeen manuscripts met our inclusion criteria. Blood lead was measured in 12 studies, bone lead in 3 studies, and dentine lead levels in 2 studies. This systematic review identified a wide range of diverse outcomes between exposure to lead at multiple windows of development and later delinquent, criminal and antisocial behavior. A review of all potential confounding variables included within each study was made, with inclusion of relevant confounders into the risk of bias tool. There is limited data at the individual level on the effects of prenatal, childhood, and adolescent lead exposure and later criminal behavior and more evidence is necessary to evaluate the magnitude of the associations seen in this review. Our review, in conjunction with the available biological evidence, suggests that an excess risk for criminal behavior in adulthood exists when an individual is exposed to lead in utero or in the early years of childhood. The authors report no conflict of interest and no funding source.

Clinical trial registration: PROSPERO ID: CRD42021268379.
Invitation methods for Indigenous New Zealand Māori in lung cancer screening: Protocol for a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Parker Kate , Colhoun Sarah , Bartholomew Karen , Sandiford Peter , Lewis Chris , Milne David , McKeage Mark , McKree Jansen Rawiri , Fong Kwun M. , Marshall Henry , Tammemägi Martin , Rankin Nicole M. , Hotu Sandra , Young Robert , Hopkins Raewyn , Walker Natalie , Brown Rachel , Crengle Sue
Published: August 2023

Lung cancer screening can significantly reduce mortality from lung cancer. Further evidence about how to optimize lung cancer screening for specific populations, including Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ)’s Indigenous Māori (who experience disproportionately higher rates of lung cancer), is needed to ensure it is equitable. This community-based, pragmatic cluster randomized trial aims to determine whether a lung cancer screening invitation from a patient’s primary care physician, compared to from a centralized screening service, will optimize screening uptake for Māori. Participating primary care practices (clinics) in Auckland, Aotearoa NZ will be randomized to either the primary care-led or centralized service for delivery of the screening invitation. Clinic patients who meet the following criteria will be eligible: Māori; aged 55–74 years; enrolled in participating clinics in the region; ever-smokers; and have at least a 2% risk of developing lung cancer within six years (determined using the PLCOM2012 risk prediction model). Eligible patients who respond positively to the invitation will undertake shared decision-making with a nurse about undergoing a low dose CT scan (LDCT) and an assessment for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The primary outcomes are: 1) the proportion of eligible population who complete a risk assessment and 2) the proportion of people eligible for a CT scan who complete the CT scan. Secondary outcomes include evaluating the contextual factors needed to inform the screening process, such as including assessment for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). We will also use the RE-AIM framework to evaluate specific implementation factors. This study is a world-first, Indigenous-led lung cancer screening trial for Māori participants. The study will provide policy-relevant information on a key policy parameter, invitation method. In addition, the trial includes a nested analysis of COPD in the screened Indigenous population, and it provides baseline (T0 screen round) data using RE-AIM implementation outcomes.
A potential marker of radiation based on 16S rDNA in the rat model: Intestinal flora
Authors: Zhang Liying , Miao Zhiming , Li Yangyang , Xu Xiaomin , Zhou Ting , Zhang Yiming , Liu Yongqi
Published: August 2023

The gastrointestinal microbiota plays an important role in the function of the host intestine. However, little is currently known about the effects of irradiation on the microorganisms colonizing the mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of X-ray irradiation on the compositions of the large intestinal Microbiotas of the rat. The gut microbiotas in control mice and mice receiving irradiation with different dose treatment were characterized by high-throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rDNA gene and their metabolites were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Unexpectedly, the diversity was increased mildly at 2Gy irradiation, and dose dependent decreased at 4Gy, 6Gy, 8Gy irradiation. The phyla with large changes in phylum level are Firmicutes, Bacteroides and Proteobacteria; the abundance ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroides is inverted; and when 8Gy is irradiated, the phylum abundance level was significantly increased. At the genus level, the abundance levels of Phascolarctobacterium, Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae increased at 2Gy irradiation, and significantly decreased at 4Gy, 6Gy, and 8Gy irradiation; the abundance level of Prevotellaceae diminished at 2Gy irradiation, and enhanced at 4Gy, 6Gy, 8Gy irradiation; The abundance level of Violet bacteria (Christenellaceae) and Lactobacillus attenuated in a dose-dependent manner; Lachnoclostridium enhanced in a dose-dependent manner; Bacteroides was in 4Gy, 6Gy, 8Gy The abundance level increased significantly during irradiation; the abundance level of Shigella (Escherichia-Shigella) only increased significantly during 8Gy irradiation. Lefse predicts that the biomarker at 0Gy group is Veillonellaceae, the biomarker at 2Gy group is Firmicutes, the biomarkers at 4Gy group are Dehalobacterium and Dehalobacteriaceae, the biomarkers at 6Gy group are Odoribacter, and the biomarkers at 8Gy group are Anaerotruncus, Holdemania, Proteus, Bilophila, Desufovibrionales and Deltaproteobacteria. Overall, the data presented here reveal that X-ray irradiation can cause imbalance of the intestinal flora in rats; different doses of irradiation can cause different types of bacteria change. Representative bacteria can be selected as biomarkers for radiation damage and repair.This may contribute to the development of radiation resistance in the future.
How are zooplankton’s functional guilds influenced by land use in Amazon streams?
Authors: Bomfim Francieli F. , Deosti Sabrina , Louback-Franco Nayara , Sousa Raimundo L. M. , Michelan Thaisa S.
Published: August 2023

Amazon streams present great biodiversity and offer several ecosystem services, but these systems are threatened by multiple land uses. The changes created by land use are expected to drive the composition of species, ultimately changing the trophic relationships of several biological groups, including zooplankton. We investigated if land use changes the composition of zooplankton functional guilds in Amazon streams and which are the local (physical-chemical) variables driving the zooplankton functional guilds in the land-use gradient. Zooplankton and physical-chemical variables were sampled in 17 water bodies in the municipality of Barcarena, Pará, Brazil in 2018 and 2019, five sampling sites were in the Pará River and 12 in streams. Forest cover (a proxy for land use) was determined through digital image processing and converted in percentage. Zooplankton species were classified into five functional guilds (filter, raptorial, scraper, suctor, and predator feeders). We recorded 98 zooplankton taxa and filters were the most abundant functional guild. The composition of zooplankton functional guilds did not change in the land use gradient. However, the distribution of zooplankton functional guilds in Amazon streams was determined by local environmental variables related to the feeding strategies. Scraper-feeders (cladocerans) were positively related to greater canopy cover, suctor-feeders and predator-feeders (both rotifers) were related to greater total phosphorus, whereas filter-feeders (rotifers, cladocerans, and copepods) and raptorial (copepods) were related to total suspended solids. This study brings new information about zooplankton in Amazon streams that are under-studied. The functional approach clarifies the patterns observed and reflects the trophic relationships in which the zooplankton community is involved in streams under a degree of land use, i.e., scraper-cladocerans can represent more preserved streams under greater canopy cover, whereas the other functional guilds were related to variables that can represent more altered streams.
SoccerNet: A Gated Recurrent Unit-based model to predict soccer match winners
Authors: AlMulla Jassim , Islam Mohammad Tariqul , Al-Absi Hamada R. H. , Alam Tanvir
Published: August 2023

Winning football matches is the major goal of all football clubs in the world. Football being the most popular game in the world, many studies have been conducted to analyze and predict match winners based on players’ physical and technical performance. In this study, we analyzed the matches from the professional football league of Qatar Stars League (QSL) covering the matches held in the last ten seasons. We incorporated the highest number of professional matches from the last ten seasons covering from 2011 up to 2022 and proposed SoccerNet, a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU)-based deep learning-based model to predict match winners with over 80% accuracy. We considered match- and player-related information captured by STATS platform in a time slot of 15 minutes. Then we analyzed players’ performance at different positions on the field at different stages of the match. Our results indicated that in QSL, the defenders’ role in matches is more dominant than midfielders and forwarders. Moreover, our analysis suggests that the last 15–30 minutes of match segments of the matches from QSL have a more significant impact on the match result than other match segments. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed model is the first DL-based model in predicting match winners from any professional football leagues in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. We believe the results will support the coaching staff and team management for QSL in designing game strategies and improve the overall quality of performance of the players.
Development of ankylosing spondylitis in patients with ulcerative colitis: A systematic meta-analysis
Authors: Lin Aitao , Tan Yongyi , Chen Jinxia , Liu Xiaoyu , Wu Jinyu
Published: August 2023

Background

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which can cause inflammation of the intestinal tract. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an inflammatory disease of the sacroiliac joints. Many studies have found that some UC patients progress to AS. In this study, we conducted a literature search and meta-analysis to investigate the prevalence of AS among UC patients during follow-up.

Methods

The studies related to the AS among patients with UC were obtained from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases since its inception-December 2022. The literature was screened strictly according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Forest plots were used to detect the overall incidence of AS in UC and to compare the risk ratios for the development of AS in the UC. The heterogeneity of studies was assessed using I2 statistical methods.

Results

1) 17 studies with 98704 UC patients were included. 2)700 UC patients developed AS during follow-up (1.66%, 95% CI: 0.89–2.62%). Human leukocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27) was reported in 3 studies. HLA-B27 positivity was significantly higher than the incidence of HLA-B27 negativity in AS patients (68.29% vs 31.71%, P < 0.0001). There was significantly increased risk of AS development in HLA-B27 positive IBD patients (RR: 22.17, 95% CI: 11.79–41.66, P < 0.0001). 3)The definite follow-up time was reported in 12 studies (range: 0.3–40 years). After follow-up for ≥5 years, the incidence of AS among patients with UC was 1.75% (95% CI: 0.62–3.37%). Meanwhile, after follow-up for <5 years, the incidence of AS among patients with UC was 1.41% (95% CI: 0.65–2.37%) which was significant.

Conclusion

Patients with UC are more likely to develop AS in the future. Furthermore, the IBD patients are at a higher risk of AS who have positive HLA-B27. The incidence of AS increased with longer follow-up time.
Oocyte-specific Wee1-like protein kinase 2 is dispensable for fertility in mice
Authors: Nozawa Kaori , Liao Zian , Satouh Yuhkoh , Geng Ting , Ikawa Masahito , Monsivais Diana , Matzuk Martin M.
Published: August 2023

Wee1-like protein kinase 2 (WEE2) is an oocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase involved in the regulation of oocyte meiotic arrest in humans. As such, it has been proposed as a candidate for non-hormonal female contraception although pre-clinical models have not been reported. Therefore, we developed two novel knockout mouse models using CRISPR/Cas9 to test loss-of-function of Wee2 on female fertility. A frameshift mutation at the Wee2 translation start codon in exon 2 had no effect on litter size, litter production, or the ability of oocytes to maintain prophase I arrest. Because of the lack of a reproductive phenotype, we additionally generated a Wee2 allele with a large deletion by removing all coding exons. While there was no difference in the total number of litters produced, homozygous Wee2 female knockout mice with the larger deletion produced fewer pups than heterozygous littermates. Furthermore, there was no difference for key reproductive parameters measured in the mouse models, including ovarian weight, number of ovulated oocytes, or oocytes that underwent in vitro maturation. Therefore, as loss of Wee2 in mice shows only minor effects on overall fecundity, contraceptive development with WEE2 should consider exploiting alternative properties such as gain-of-function or protein-protein interactions, as Wee2 loss-of-function is likely complicated by biological redundancies with other proteins co-expressed in oocytes.
Biochemical phenotyping of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria reveals solute carriers and β-oxidation deficiencies
Authors: Yamakawa Patricia Eiko , Fonseca Ana Rita , Guerreiro da Silva Ismael Dale Cotrim , Gonçalves Matheus Vescovi , Marchioni Dirce Maria , Carioca Antonio Augusto Ferreira , Michonneau David , Arrais-Rodrigues Celso
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a clonal disease of hematopoietic cells with a variable clinical spectrum characterized by intravascular hemolysis, high risk of thrombosis, and cytopenias. To understand the biochemical shifts underlying PNH, this study aimed to search for the dysfunctional pathways involved in PNH physiopathology by comparing the systemic metabolic profiles of affected patients to healthy controls and the metabolomic profiles before and after the administration of eculizumab in PNH patients undergoing treatment.

Methods

Plasma metabolic profiles, comprising 186 specific annotated metabolites, were quantified using targeted quantitative electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in 23 PNH patients and 166 population-based controls. In addition, samples from 12 PNH patients on regular eculizumab maintenance therapy collected before and 24 hours after eculizumab infusion were also analyzed.

Results

In the PNH group, levels of the long-chain acylcarnitines metabolites were significantly higher as compared to the controls, while levels of histidine, taurine, glutamate, glutamine, aspartate and phosphatidylcholines were significantly lower in the PNH group. These differences suggest altered acylcarnitine balance, reduction in the amino acids participating in the glycogenesis pathway and impaired glutaminolysis. In 12 PNH patients who were receiving regular eculizumab therapy, the concentrations of acylcarnitine C6:1, the C14:1/C6 ratio (reflecting the impaired action of the medium-chain acyl-Co A dehydrogenase), and the C4/C6 ratio (reflecting the impaired action of short-chain acyl-Co A dehydrogenase) were significantly reduced immediately before eculizumab infusion, revealing impairments in the Acyl CoA metabolism, and reached levels similar to those in the healthy controls 24 hours after infusion.

Conclusions

We demonstrated significant differences in the metabolomes of the PNH patients compared to healthy controls. Eculizumab infusion seemed to improve deficiencies in the acyl CoA metabolism and may have a role in the mitochondrial oxidative process of long and medium-chain fatty acids, reducing oxidative stress, and inflammation.
Exploring the immune microenvironment in small bowel adenocarcinoma using digital image analysis
Authors: Sidi Fatima Abdullahi , Bingham Victoria , McQuaid Stephen , Craig Stephanie G. , Turkington Richard C. , James Jacqueline A. , Humphries Matthew P. , Salto-Tellez Manuel
Published: August 2023

Background

Small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) is a rare malignancy of the small intestine associated with late stage diagnosis and poor survival outcome. High expression of immune cells and immune checkpoint biomarkers especially programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) have been shown to significantly impact disease progression. We have analysed the expression of a subset of immune cell and immune checkpoint biomarkers in a cohort of SBA patients and assessed their impact on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Methods

25 patient samples in the form of formalin fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue were obtained in tissue microarray (TMAs) format. Automated immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed using validated antibodies for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD68, PD-L1, ICOS, IDO1 and LAG3. Slides were scanned digitally and assessed in QuPath, an open source image analysis software, for biomarker density and percentage positivity. Survival analyses were carried out using the Kaplan Meier method.

Results

Varying expressions of biomarkers were recorded. High expressions of CD3, CD4 and IDO1 were significant for PFS (p = 0.043, 0.020 and 0.018 respectively). High expression of ICOS was significant for both PFS (p = 0.040) and OS (p = 0.041), while high PD-L1 expression in tumour cells was significant for OS (p = 0.033). High correlation was observed between PD-L1 and IDO1 expressions (Pearson correlation co-efficient = 1) and subsequently high IDO1 expression in tumour cells was found to be significant for PFS (p = 0.006) and OS (p = 0.034).

Conclusions

High levels of immune cells and immune checkpoint proteins have a significant impact on patient survival in SBA. These data could provide an insight into the immunotherapeutic management of patients with SBA.