1048. Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2b Multicenter Trial of V160, a Replication-Defective Human Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Vaccine
Authors: Das Rituparna , Blazquez-Gamero Daniel , Bernstein David I , Gantt Soren , Bautista Oliver , Beck Karen , Conlon Anthony , Rosenbloom Daniel , Wang Dai , Ritter Michael , Arnold Beth , Annunziato Paula , Russell Kevin 
Published: December 2021

Background

Preventing congenital cytomegalovirus infection (CMVi) is an important unmet need. Natural maternal immunity to CMV acquired prior to pregnancy appears to reduce fetal transmission. In a Phase 1 trial, V160, a replication-defective CMV vaccine expressing the pentameric complex, induced humoral and cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses comparable to natural immunity.

Methods

Healthy, CMV-seronegative women aged 16–35 years were randomized 1:1:1 to receive double-blind V160 in a 3- or 2-dose regimen or placebo. Primary and secondary endpoints were efficacy in reducing the incidence of CMVi with 3-dose or 2-dose regimens of V160 vs placebo, respectively, using a fixed-event design. Monthly urine and saliva samples were collected to identify CMVi by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a single positive sample considered evidence of infection. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) binding to glycoprotein B (gB) and CMV-specific neutralizing antibody (NAb) were measured in all participants, and CMI responses were measured in a subset. Injection-site and systemic adverse events (AEs) were collected for 5 days and 14 days, respectively, after each vaccination and serious AEs were collected for the trial duration.

Results

2200 women from 7 countries were enrolled (of 7458 screened). Over 80% of participants received all doses, and compliance with saliva and urine samples was &gt; 95%. Vaccine efficacy (VE) of 42.4% (95% CI -13.5, 71.1%) was demonstrated in the 3-dose group vs placebo. In the 2-dose group, VE was -32.0% (95% CI -135.0, 25.0%). Both the quantity and duration of CMV shedding in urine and saliva among cases of CMVi decreased in the 3-dose, but not the 2-dose group vs placebo. Both V160 regimens elicited humoral and CMI responses detected by CMV-specific NAb, gB IgG, and ELISpot, which peaked at Month 7 and continued to be detectable at Month 24. Mild to moderate AEs were more frequently reported in V160 vs placebo recipients, but no vaccine-related serious AEs or deaths were reported.

Conclusion

V160 was well tolerated and immunogenic, but neither the 3-dose nor 2-dose regimen demonstrated significant efficacy against CMVi as defined in this trial. The quantity and duration of CMV shedding was reduced in the 3-dose group, suggesting V160 may improve immune control of viral replication after CMVi.

Disclosures

Rituparna Das, MD, Merck & Co, Inc. (Employee) Daniel Blazquez-Gamero, MD, MSD (Other Financial or Material Support, Fees for lectures in educational activities) Soren Gantt, MD, Altona Diagnostics (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Consultant, Grant/Research Support)Meridian Biosciences (Research Grant or Support)Moderna (Consultant, Research Grant or Support)VBI Vaccines Inc (Research Grant or Support) Oliver Bautista, PhD, Merck & Co, Inc. (Employee) Karen Beck, RN, BSN, Merck & Co, Inc. (Employee) Anthony Conlon, PhD, Merck & Co, Inc. (Employee) Daniel Rosenbloom, PhD, Merck & Co, Inc. (Employee) Dai Wang, PhD, Merck & Co, Inc. (Employee) Michael Ritter, BA, Merck & Co, Inc. (Employee) Beth Arnold, MS, Merck & Co, Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Paula Annunziato, MD, Merck & Co, Inc. (Employee) Kevin Russell, MD, MTM&H, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder)