bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
mDKN-01, a Novel Anti-DKK1 mAb, Enhances Innate Immune Responses in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Haas Michael S. , Kagey Michael H. , Heath Heidi , Schuerpf Franziska , Rottman James B. , Newman Walter
Published: December 2020

Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), a secreted modulator of Wnt signaling, is overexpressed in many cancers, is often associated with worse clinical outcomes, and has been shown to have immunosuppressive effects. DKN-01 is an IgG4 clinical stage antibody that potently and specifically neutralizes human and murine DKK1 and has recently completed a promising study in combination with pembrolizumab in patients with gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer. The purpose of this study is to characterize a murine version of DKN-01 (mDKN-01) and to better understand its mechanism of action. We examined the efficacy of mDKN-01 in both melanoma and metastatic breast cancer models. Immune depletion experiments revealed a requirement for natural killer (NK) but not B and T cells for tumor growth inhibition. mDKN-01 treatment promotes the induction of the NK-activating cytokines IL15 and IL33 as well as an enhanced recruitment of CD45+ cells. Other treatment-related changes include a reduction of Gr-1+CD11b+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in the tumor and spleen and the upregulation of PD-L1 on MDSCs. In addition, mDKN-01 has a marked effect at reducing pulmonary metastases in the mouse 4T1 breast cancer model. Finally, the mDKN-01/anti-PD-1 combination was more effective at inhibiting melanoma growth than mDKN-01 alone. Taken together, our data demonstrate that mDKN-01 has efficacy by blocking the immunosuppressive effects of DKK1 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and provides insight into the clinical activity observed with DKN-01–based treatment.

Implications:

mDKN-01 reverses a DKK1-mediated innate immune suppression in the TME and has additive efficacy with a PD-1 inhibitor.
IL1β Promotes Immune Suppression in the Tumor Microenvironment Independent of the Inflammasome and Gasdermin D
Authors: Kiss Máté , Vande Walle Lieselotte , Saavedra Pedro H.V. , Lebegge Els , Van Damme Helena , Murgaski Aleksandar , Qian Junbin , Ehling Manuel , Pretto Samantha , Bolli Evangelia , Keirsse Jiri , Bardet Pauline M.R. , Arnouk Sana M. , Elkrim Yvon , Schmoetten Maryse , Brughmans Jan , Debraekeleer Ayla , Fossoul Amelie , Boon Louis , Raes Geert , van Loo Geert , Lambrechts Diether , Mazzone Massimiliano , Beschin Alain , Wullaert Andy , Lamkanfi Mohamed , Van Ginderachter Jo A. , Laoui Damya
Published: December 2020

IL1β is a central mediator of inflammation. Secretion of IL1β typically requires proteolytic maturation by the inflammasome and formation of membrane pores by gasdermin D (GSDMD). Emerging evidence suggests an important role for IL1β in promoting cancer progression in patients, but the underlying mechanisms are ill-defined. Here, we have shown a key role for IL1β in driving tumor progression in two distinct mouse tumor models. Notably, activation of the inflammasome, caspase-8, as well as the pore-forming proteins GSDMD and mixed lineage kinase domain–like protein in the host were dispensable for the release of intratumoral bioactive IL1β. Inflammasome-independent IL1β release promoted systemic neutrophil expansion and fostered accumulation of T-cell–suppressive neutrophils in the tumor. Moreover, IL1β was essential for neutrophil infiltration triggered by antiangiogenic therapy, thereby contributing to treatment-induced immunosuppression. Deletion of IL1β allowed intratumoral accumulation of CD8+ effector T cells that subsequently activated tumor-associated macrophages. Depletion of either CD8+ T cells or macrophages abolished tumor growth inhibition in IL1β-deficient mice, demonstrating a crucial role for CD8+ T-cell–macrophage cross-talk in the antitumor immune response. Overall, these results support a tumor-promoting role for IL1β through establishing an immunosuppressive microenvironment and show that inflammasome activation is not essential for release of this cytokine in tumors.
Survival of Vascular Accesses in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Santos-Ontiveros Abraham , Reyes-Sánchez Ivonne , Hernández-Luevano Emmanuel , Vega-Cruz Martin E. , González-Marín Edna C. , Chávez-López Ernesto L. , Arenas-Osuna Jesús , Medina-Gómez Oswaldo S. , García-Covarrubias Luis , Paniagua-Sierra José R. , Hernández-Rivera Juan Carlos H.
Published: December 2020

Background/Aims: Vascular access (VA) is the highest risk factor for blood infections, hospitalization, and mortality of patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). The risk of mortality while using a catheter is greater than that while using grafts. The objective of this article is to know the survival rate in relation to the type of VA. Methods: A retrospective cohort of HD patients was studied. The data gathered included age, gender, first VA at the surrogate site, days between the first and second access, number of accesses, and anatomical site of VA placement. Mean differences were estimated using χ2 or Student’s t test. Survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier curves and included in tables. Statistical significance was established as p < 0.05. The statistical computer software package SPSSw v25 was used for the analysis. Results: A total of 896 patients were included with a mean age of 47.88 years (SD ± 16.52), the duration of the first VA was 398.81 days (±565.79), the mean number of VAs used was 2.26 (±1.15), and the median time undergoing HD was 728.73 days. The duration of catheter placement was 330.42 days, and 728.60 days for fistula use (p = 0.001). The mean number of days of renal replacement was 611.59 days for catheter and 1,495.25 days for internal arteriovenous fistula (IAVF) patients (p = 0.001). Conclusions: The survival of the initial VA is greater for the IAVF, followed by the tunneled catheters and the lowest by the non-tunneled catheters, which continue to be frequently used in our setting.
Casa 404
Authors: Bomfim Monalisa Medrado
Published: December 2020

Um conto.
A transculturação da crítica literária brasileira
Authors: Pellizzari Thamiris Yuri Silveira
Published: December 2020

Neste artigo, temos a intenção ponderar alguns fatores que envolvem a imanência entre crítica literária e sociedade, no contexto nacional, tendo em vista o panorama de dependência do Brasil em relação aos países europeus. Para tal, refletimos basilarmente acerca dos ideais da crítica Eneida Maria de Souza, que trata do discurso crítico brasileiro, em sua obra Crítica cult (2002), bem como sobre o grande crítico Antonio Candido, mais especificamente com base em alguns recortes de sua obra Formação da literatura brasileira (1959). Intencionamos discutir a transculturação da crítica literária brasileira ponderando alguns fatores relevantes, como a dependência, a tradição e a incansável busca pela construção de uma literatura nacional que se quer original.
Entre o som e o silêncio
Authors: Mattar Marina Ribeiro
Published: December 2020

Texto de criação literária.
Um dossel para o rei: o Barão de Crônica da casa assassinada
Authors: Correia Ana Maria Amorim
Published: December 2020

Em Crônica da casa assassinada, a personagem do Barão de Santo Tirso é apresentado como o mais importante cidadão da cidade de Vila Velha, no interior de Minas Gerais, sendo a sua visita o desejo vibrante da família Meneses. Este artigo pretende discutir a construção dessa personagem e os significados que ele movimenta, pela sua ausência e pela sua presença, durante a obra, observando o caráter de representante dos dilemas entre modernidade e colonialidade colocados na sociedade brasileira. Pela escrita de Lúcio Cardoso e a figuração da família do Barão, buscamos apontar os elementos que o colocam como uma sátira à continuidade da hierarquia monárquica e dos valores coloniais ainda vigentes no país.
Espiar pela fresta: a sedução textual em Crônica da casa assassinada
Authors: Cabala Frederico van Erven
Published: December 2020

Este artigo analisa o efeito de erotização do texto em Crônica da casa assassinada (1959), de Lúcio Cardoso. Buscamos compreender a questão para além propriamente do conteúdo do romance, em si já repleto de irrupções de desejos das personagens, mas identificando como o manejo da linguagem do livro se apresenta enquanto elemento sedutor. Como primeiro passo, ao comportamento voyeurístico das personagens, habituadas a se esgueirar em frinchas para espionar umas às outras, é atrelada a atividade do leitor. Em seguida, a linguagem, através das aberturas temporais, e a própria estrutura do texto, por meio da supressão de trechos das narrativas, são abordadas enquanto componentes que reforçam esse intenso jogo de aparecimento-desaparecimento visto no romance. Por fim, somamos à análise uma série de proposições críticas a respeito do papel do velamento na arte, entendendo o recurso como responsável por fornecer algo de erótico à arquitetura narrativa de Crônica da casa assassinada.
A atualidade da galinha
Authors: Rosa Bruno Ferreira da
Published: December 2020

Crônica de Bruno Rosa
Do caderno de anotações dos editores (prelúdio)
Authors: Correia Ana Maria Amorim , Silva Eduardo Marinho da , Costa Érica Ignácio da , Cabala Frederico van Erven , Lima Livia Azevedo
Published: December 2020

Editorial de apresentação da Opiniães n. 17.
Different DOACs Control Inflammation in Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Differently
Authors: Gadi Ihsan , Fatima Sameen , Elwakiel Ahmed , Nazir Sumra , Mohanad Al-Dabet Moh’d , Rana Rajiv , Bock Fabian , Manoharan Jayakumar , Gupta Dheerendra , Biemann Ronald , Nieswandt Bernhard , Braun-Dullaeus Ruediger , Besler Christian , Scholz Markus , Geffers Robert , Griffin John H. , Esmon Charles T. , Kohli Shrey , Isermann Berend , Shahzad Khurrum
Published: December 2020

Rationale:

While thrombin is the key protease in thrombus formation, other coagulation proteases, such as fXa (factor Xa) or aPC (activated protein C), independently modulate intracellular signaling via partially distinct receptors.

Objectives:

To study the differential effects of fXa or fIIa (factor IIa) inhibition on gene expression and inflammation in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Methods and Results:

Mice were treated with a direct fIIa inhibitor (fIIai) or direct fXa inhibitor (fXai) at doses that induced comparable anticoagulant effects ex vivo and in vivo (tail-bleeding assay and FeCl
3
-induced thrombosis). Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced via left anterior descending ligation. We determined infarct size and in vivo aPC generation, analyzed gene expression by RNA sequencing, and performed immunoblotting and ELISA. The signaling-only 3K3A-aPC variant and inhibitory antibodies that blocked all or only the anticoagulant function of aPC were used to determine the role of aPC. Doses of fIIai and fXai that induced comparable anticoagulant effects resulted in a comparable reduction in infarct size. However, unbiased gene expression analyses revealed marked differences, including pathways related to sterile inflammation and inflammasome regulation. fXai but not fIIai inhibited sterile inflammation by reducing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL [interleukin]-1β, IL-6, and TNFα [tumor necrosis factor alpha]), as well as NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) and inflammasome activation. This anti-inflammatory effect was associated with reduced myocardial fibrosis 28 days post–myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mechanistically, in vivo aPC generation was higher with fXai than with fIIai. Inhibition of the anticoagulant and signaling properties of aPC abolished the anti-inflammatory effect associated with fXai, while inhibiting only the anticoagulant function of aPC had no effect. Combining 3K3A-aPC with fIIai reduced the inflammatory response, mimicking the fXai-associated effect.

Conclusions:

We showed that specific inhibition of coagulation via direct oral anticoagulants had differential effects on gene expression and inflammation, despite comparable anticoagulant effects and infarct sizes. Targeting individual coagulation proteases induces specific cellular responses unrelated to their anticoagulant effect.
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL INDICES OF THE VECTION ILLUSION IN VIRTUAL REALITY
Authors: Kovalev Artem I. , Rogachev Anton O. , Klimova Oksana A. , Gasimov Anton F.
Published: December 2020

Relevance. The study of the self-motion (“vection”) illusion is an important task for modern psychology and neuroscience due to the widespread use of virtual reality systems. The study of psychophysiological mechanisms of this phenomenon has particular importance as an example of intersensory interactions. Objective. To study the psychophysiological mechanisms of the self-motion illusion in a virtual reality system using electroencephalography. Methodology. Eleven healthy subjects took part in the experiment. The stimulation was a virtual opto-kinetic drum that rotated clockwise and counterclockwise around a vertical axis with angular velocities of 30, 45 and 60 angular deg/s. The duration of each rotation was 60 seconds. The subjects were presented with 18 rotations; there was a series with instructions for free viewing of the visual scene (3 speeds × 2 directions × 2 repetitions) and a series with instructions to fix the gaze in the center of the virtual scene (3 speeds × 2 directions × 1 repetition). After each rotation, the subjects filled out the “Simulator Sickness Questionnaire” and evaluated the intensity of the illusion on a 10-point scale. Stimulation was presented in the HTC Vive virtual reality helmet. Electroencephalogram recording during the observation of cylinder rotations was performed using Mitsar-EEG-10/70-201. Results. Significant differences were found in the intensity of the illusion, the total score on the questionnaire, and the power of the alpha rhythm in the parietal zones, depending on the speed of rotation. The higher the rotational speed, the greater the values of these dependent variables. Large values for beta-rhythm power in the occipital areas were found in the series with fixed eyes, in the subjects with high values for the intensity of the illusion. Conclusions. Differences were shown in the bioelectrical activity of the brain during the experience of the self-motion illusion, related to mechanisms of visual-vestibular integration and greater attention to the performance of the motor task of gaze fixation.
REPRESENTATIONS OF “FAMILY PAIN” BY ADULT CHILDREN OF ALCOHOLICS
Authors: Lutsenko Anna M. , Spivakovskaya Alla S.
Published: December 2020

Relevance. The term “family pain” is used in family psychotherapy to refer to the emotional state of dysfunctional family members. Research on this phenomenon in dysfunctional alcoholic families can expand the understanding of the family system and allow us to formulate the goals of psychotherapy with such families. Objective. To investigate the “family pain” experienced by adult children of alcoholics. Methods. The sample consisted of 52 people who were in a recovery program for adult children of alcoholics (ACA), and 50 controls. We implemented a phenomenological analysis of ACA groups, a content analysis of images of “family pain”, and factor analysis of the characteristics of “family pain”. Results. The study showed significant differences between the images of “family pain” experienced by adults who were raised and still live in alcoholic families, by those whose parents were alcoholics and had died by the time of the survey, and by those whose parents were not alcoholics. People who live with their alcoholic parents describe “family pain” as a familiar, long process with effects on the whole family. The experience of “family pain” includes anger, shame, and self-pity. People whose parents were alcoholics and have died describe “family pain” as a feeling of guilt towards their parents and a process of experiencing their parents’ death. The control group had difficulty describing “family pain”, or described it as a process of experiencing their parents’ death. Conclusions. Representations of “family pain” are associated with the subjective meaning of family dysfunction for the participant and the experience of negative emotions in the family.
EXPLORING ANALYTICAL AND HOLISTIC PROCESSING IN FACIAL EXPRESSION RECOGNITION
Authors: Bondarenko Yakov A. , Menshikova Galina Ya.
Published: December 2020

Background. The study explores two main processes of perception of facial expression: analytical (perception based on individual facial features) and holistic (holistic and non-additive perception of all features). The relative contribution of each process to facial expression recognition is still an open question. Objective. To identify the role of holistic and analytical mechanisms in the process of facial expression recognition. Methods. A method was developed and tested for studying analytical and holistic processes in the task of evaluating subjective differences of expressions, using composite and inverted facial images. A distinctive feature of the work is the use of a multidimensional scaling method, by which a judgment of the contribution of holistic and analytical processes to the perception of facial expressions is based on the analysis of the subjective space of the similarity of expressions obtained when presenting upright and inverted faces. Results. It was shown, first, that when perceiving upright faces, a characteristic clustering of expressions is observed in the subjective space of similarities of expression, which we interpret as a predominance of holistic processes; second, by inversion of the face, there is a change in the spatial configuration of expressions that may reflect a strengthening of analytical processes; in general, the method of multidimensional scaling has proven its effectiveness in solving the problem of the relation between holistic and analytical processes in recognition of facial expressions. Conclusion. The analysis of subjective spaces of the similarity of emotional faces is productive for the study of the ratio of analytical and holistic processes in the recognition of facial expressions.
A New Basis for Judicial Review in Iraq
Authors: Mahmood Oday Talal
Published: December 2020

Article 2 of the Iraqi Constitution of 2005, which states that Iraq is a modern Islamic constitutional democracy, contains a ‘repugnancy clause’, prohibiting enactment of any law contrary to Islam’s settled rulings, principles of democracy, and rights guaranteed in the Constitution. This clause allows the Constitutional Court to invalidate laws that violate the Constitution. Currently, the Iraqi Federal Supreme Court’s method for determining whether a particular law is repugnant to the Constitution and Islamic settled rulings as per Article 2 is inconsistent and arbitrary. Here the core question is: What is the best way to successfully implement the Iraqi Constitution’s Repugnancy Clause? We propose an approach focusing on maqāṣid, the classical Islamic concept meaning Sharīʿah’s intent, purpose, or objectives that will also fulfil the other purposes of Article 2 to ensure that the law is consistent with the principles of democracy and the principles of human rights.
Louis XIII, Richard I, and the Duchess of Devonshire: Nineteenth-Century Jews in Fancy Dress Costume
Authors: Klein Michele
Published: December 2020

In the nineteenth century, fancy dress activities and their material record formed part of the mise-en-scène of the Jewish elite’s self-fashioning. Family photographs and press reports of Jews in costume cast new light on the visualization of wealthy Jews. These Jews actively participated in the fancy dress culture of the elites, a popular form of cultural expression that was deemed a powerful way to convey social messages. In the British Empire, Europe, and North America, affluent Jews negotiated their feelings of solidarity and difference among non-Jews. They explored and articulated their self-image and group identity by appropriating others’ history and culture in public and private dressing-up amusements. Fancy dress, this article argues, enabled Jews to question who they wanted to be and communicate their desires to their Jewish and non-Jewish peers.
Electoral Violence in Zanzibar: Drivers and Early Warning Mechanisms
Authors: Makulilo Alexander Boniface
Published: December 2020

Elections are an integral part of any democracy. They serve as a mechanism for legitimising a political system – its succession of government and leaders – for linking political institutions with voters, and for holding the elected government and leaders accountable to the electorate. Yet, due to the combative nature of competition for political power in high-stake contexts, elections may lead to violence. Usually this happens if key stakeholders anticipate the proceedings will not be free and fair, while those seeking to retain or gain political power show no qualms about resorting to extraordinary measures such as using force in order to win. Sometimes there exist underlying causes of electoral violence such as exclusion, inequality, or a history of ethnic tensions. Zanzibar, a semi-autonomous group of islands off the mainland coast of the United Republic of Tanzania, exhibits such a case whereby almost every one of its general elections has been marred with violence. Today, as the concern escalates over threats of immanent physical combat related to elections in so-called ‘advanced’ democracies, it is illuminating to revisit the drivers of electoral violence in Zanzibar, and to reconsider the efficacy of its early warning mechanisms, since the inception of Zanzibar’s multiparty politics in 1992.
From Madrasas to Organised Iftar Culture: Current Trends of Islamisation in Tanzania
Authors: Ng’atigwa Francis Xavier
Published: December 2020

In this study of current trends in the socio-religious life of Muslim communities in major urban centres and cities of Tanzania – Morogoro, Mwanza, and Dar es Salaam – ‘Islamisation’ denotes the strategies and activities that have been key to the spreading practice of Islam over the past three decades (1985-2015). In this period, Islam has embraced new approaches to social, political and economic change. This can be seen reflected in tangible ways as an institutionalized awakening of Islam consolidates faith, unifies sects, and promotes Qur’anic and hadith teachings in everyday life during this the post-Ujamaa era of Tanzania’s history.
Morphological notes on Gazoryctra sciophanes (Ferguson) and G. confusus (Edwards) (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae)
Authors: GREHAN JOHN R. , MIELKE CARLOS G.C.
Published: December 2020

The genus Gazoryctra Hübner comprises 10 species in North America and four in northern Eurasia. The remaining diversity of North American Hepialidae is represented by four species of Sthenopis Packard, three species of Phymatopus Wallengren, and one species of Korscheltellus Börner (Nielsen et al. 2000; Grehan & Knyazev 2019). The North American distribution of Gazoryctra extends between Alaska and southern Appalachians and southern Rocky Mountains (Grehan & Mielke 2018). As with other North American Hepialidae, Gazoryctra is absent from much of the southern-central United States where there is ostensibly suitable habitat present as this genus is found in forested regions where it is believed to feed on roots or other organic matter (Schweitzer et al. 2011). This absence may be due to the lack of colonization following regression of inland seas that covered much of this region until the end of the Mesozoic (Grehan & Mielke 2018).
Two new species of diptilomiopid mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea) from China
Authors: XUE XIAO-FENG , LI NI
Published: December 2020

Two new species of the family Diptilomiopidae (Acari: Eriophyoidea) from China are described and illustrated. They are Catarhinus sanguinalus sp. nov. on Digitaria sanguinalis (Poaceae) and Rhyncaphytoptus mandshuricae sp. nov. on Fraxinus mandshurica (Oleaceae). Both new species are vagrant on lower leaf surface. No apparent damage to the host was observed. In addition to the descriptions, a key to Catarhinus species was provided.
The Urbanonimia of Ukraine in the Context of Decommunization
Authors: Demska Orysia , Levchuk Pavlo
Published: December 2020

The Urbanonimia of Ukraine in the Context of DecommunizationThis article concerns the changing situation regarding toponyms in Ukraine, from the country’s regaining of independence to the present day. The article identifies two waves of decommunization. The first occured between the regaining independence in 1991 and 1995. The second wave began with the Revolution of Dignity in 2013–2014 and continues to this day. In the second part of the article, toponyms connected with Poland are presented and the reasons behind their creation are explained. Toponimia miejska na Ukrainie w kontekście dekomunizacjiArtykuł traktuje o sytuacji w zakresie zmian toponimów na Ukrainie od czasu odzyskania niepodległości do dnia dzisiejszego. Autorzy wyróżniają dwie fale dekomunizacji, pierwszą od odzyskania przez Ukrainę niepodległości w 1991 roku do 1995 roku. Druga fala rozpoczęła się wraz z rewolucją godności w latach 2013-2014 i trwa do dziś. W drugiej części artykułu przedstawiono toponimy związane z Polską, a także uzasadnienie ich powstania.
The 2020 Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for mood disorders
Authors: Malhi Gin S , Bell Erica , Bassett Darryl , Boyce Philip , Bryant Richard , Hazell Philip , Hopwood Malcolm , Lyndon Bill , Mulder Roger , Porter Richard , Singh Ajeet B , Murray Greg
Published: December 2020

Objectives:

To provide advice and guidance regarding the management of mood disorders, derived from scientific evidence and supplemented by expert clinical consensus to formulate s that maximise clinical utility.

Methods:

Articles and information sourced from search engines including PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Google Scholar were supplemented by literature known to the mood disorders committee (e.g. books, book chapters and government reports) and from published depression and bipolar disorder guidelines. Relevant information was appraised and discussed in detail by members of the mood disorders committee, with a view to formulating and developing consensus-based recommendations and clinical guidance. The guidelines were subjected to rigorous consultation and external review involving: expert and clinical advisors, key stakeholders, professional bodies and specialist groups with interest in mood disorders.

Results:

The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists mood disorders clinical practice guidelines 2020 (MDcpg2020) provide up-to-date guidance regarding the management of mood disorders that is informed by evidence and clinical experience. The guideline is intended for clinical use by psychiatrists, psychologists, primary care physicians and others with an interest in mental health care.

Conclusion:

The MDcpg2020 builds on the previous 2015 guidelines and maintains its joint focus on both depressive and bipolar disorders. It provides up-to-date recommendations and guidance within an evidence-based framework, supplemented by expert clinical consensus.

Mood disorders committee:

Gin S Malhi (Chair), Erica Bell, Darryl Bassett, Philip Boyce, Richard Bryant, Philip Hazell, Malcolm Hopwood, Bill Lyndon, Roger Mulder, Richard Porter, Ajeet B Singh and Greg Murray.
The hegemonic ambiguity of big concepts in organization studies
Authors: Alvesson Mats , Blom Martin
Published: December 2020

The use of concepts is a vital part of the research process. Many researchers overexploit popular concepts by adding more and more vague and poorly defined meanings to them, thereby making their boundaries unclear and the concepts increasingly unwieldy. We will refer to these types of concepts as hembigs – an acronym for hegemonic, ambiguous, big concepts. The article demonstrates the problem in three domains: leadership, strategy and institution. It suggests ways to mitigate the problems with dominant scientific concepts, overloaded with more or less incoherent meanings.
Short-term wind speed prediction based on CEEMDAN-SE-improved PIO-GRNN model
Authors: Ding Jiale , Chen Guochu , Huang Yongmin , Zhu Zhiquan , Yuan Kuo , Xu Haohao
Published: December 2020

In this paper, a short-term wind speed prediction model, called CEEMDAN-SE-Improved PIO-GRNN, is proposed to optimize the accuracy of the short-term wind speed forecast. This model is established on account of the optimized General Regression Neural Network (GRNN) method optimized by three algorithms, which are Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN), Sample Entropy (SE), and Pigeon Inspired Optimization (PIO), separately. Firstly, decomposing the original wind speed sequences into several subsequences with different complexity by CEEMDAN. Then, the complexity of each subsequence is judged by SE and the similar subsequences are combined into a new sequence to reduce the scale of calculation. Afterwards, the GRNN model optimized by improved PIO is used to predict each new sequence. Finally, the predicted results are superposed as the eventual predicted value. Implementing the prediction for the wind speed data of a wind field in north China within 30 days by applying the different prediction models, namely, GRNN, CEEMDAN-GRNN, Improved PIO-GRNN, and CEEMDAN-SE-Improved PIO-GRNN which are proposed in this paper. Comparing the prediction curves of different models with the fitting curve of the actual wind speed shows that the optimal fitting effect and minimum error value are included in CEEMDAN-SE-Improved PIO-GRNN model. Specifically, the values of mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and weighted mean absolute percentage error (WMAPE) separately decrease by 0.6222, 0.3334, and 8.5766%, which compare with the single prediction model GRNN. Meanwhile, diebold-mariano (DM) test shows that the prediction ability of the two models is significantly different. The above statements indicate the proposed model does great advance in the precision of short-term wind speed prediction.
Prisoner Transfer Within the Irish-UK Common Travel Area (CTA) After Brexit: Human Rights Between Politics and Penal Reform
Authors: Wilson Tim J
Published: December 2020

The UK Government proposed in February 2020 that sentenced prisoner transfers with EU member states should continue after Brexit, but using a more ‘effective’ process than the existing CoE convention. The article analyses, with a particular focus on the Irish-UK CTA, the significance of continued UK human rights compliance for the achievement of this objective and the interrelationship of this issue with extradition/surrender (including the surrender of fugitive prisoners). It is concluded that Brexit has most probably raised the level of formal and institutional human rights compliance (including legal aid/assistance and the direct enforcement of prisoners’ rights in domestic courts) required from the UK for criminal justice cooperation with EU member states. Entering into such undertakings would not assist criminal impunity or the evasion of lawfully imposed penalties. Such undertakings, however, cannot help to resolve many problems inherent in prisoner transfer within the EU. The creation of a truly effective and rehabilitative transfer system would require (a) constructive UK Government participation in inter-governmental (including the UK devolved governments)/EU arrangements capable of incrementally resolving or effectively mitigating criminal justice cooperation problems and (b) acceptance at Westminster that this aspect of post-Brexit readjustment is likely to be intermittent and of long-duration.
Mechanical properties of warp-knitted metal mesh fabric under biaxial tension loading
Authors: Yang Tong , Yang Ping , Zou Zhuanyong , Ma Pibo
Published: December 2020

In this study, warp-knitted metal mesh fabric was used as the research object, and its mechanical loading behavior under uniaxial and biaxial stress loading states was studied. The relationship and connection between the effective elastic modulus of its anisotropic structure was studied with different loading angles of stress as variables. The results showed that there were differences in the mechanical properties and effective elastic modulus under these loading angles, and there was a linear relationship between the effective elastic modulus of the metal mesh with the same warp-knitted structure under different directions of stress, which will provide a theoretical basis for broadening its application in the field of anchor spray support, flexible wearable electronic devices, satellite antennas, water filter walls and other applications.
Construction and system realization of the yarn tension model of fully fashioned flat knitting fabric
Authors: Zhao Boyu , Cong Honglian , Wu Guangjun
Published: December 2020

In recent years, fully fashioned flat knitting fabrics have been extensively studied owing to their superior formability, rich application range and advanced knitting technology. However, the yarn tension fluctuations during the knitting process are difficult to control. The yarn tension in the knitting process is affected by many factors, such as the carriage running speed, structure, yarn properties, clothing parameters, and so on. In this work, a tension model of the yarn was established to explore the regularity of yarn tension variation, which was caused by the running speed and direction of the carriage when producing fully fashioned fabrics. Then, a tension compensation device was set up to reduce tension fluctuations to improve the quality of fully fashioned fabrics. Results showed that the tension fluctuation in the dynamic change of the tension was reduced to a certain extent by adding the tension compensation device. Meanwhile, the average value and fluctuating standard deviation of the yarn tension between the forward and backward processes were significantly reduced during a cycle of the knitting process. This indicates that controlling the tension fluctuation in the knitting process will effectively improve the surface evenness of the fully fashioned flat knitting fabric.
Three-dimensional simulation and experimental investigation of three-dimensional printed guiding devices on lattice-apron compact spinning
Authors: Saty Malik YH , Akankwasa Nicholus Tayari , Wang Jun
Published: December 2020

The compact spinning system with a lattice apron utilizes air-flow dynamics to condense fibers in a bunch and enhance the yarn properties. One of the main challenges with this method is the lack of a comprehensive understanding of the air-flow field's effect in the condensing zone. This work presents a numerical and experimental investigation of the effects of three-dimensional (3D) printed guiding devices on the air-flow characteristics and yarn properties. Firstly, the 3D numerical model of the compact spinning system was set up based on the compact spinning machine geometrical dimensions. Secondly, different 3D prototypes were developed, simulated, and analyzed using computational fluid dynamics based on ANSYS software. The prototypes (A-type, B-type, and C-type), selected according to the simulation results, were then 3D printed to enable further experimental investigation. Air-flow analysis results in the air-suction flume area exhibiting a very high negative pressure, and the centerline zone was characterized by high velocity. Experimental results revealed that the three yarns spun with guiding devices had better strength, hairiness, and evenness than those spun without a guiding device. The model developed can be further improved and utilized for commercial purposes and is anticipated to improve compact spun yarn properties significantly.
What Makes Some Diseases More Typical than Others? A Survey on the Impact of Disease Characteristics and Professional Background on Disease Typicality
Authors: Hofstad Tore , Hampton James A. , Hofmann Bjørn
Published: December 2020

Health professionals tend to perceive some diseases as more typical than others. If disease typicalities have implications for health professionals or health policy makers’ handling of different diseases, then it is of great social, epistemic, and ethical interest. Accordingly, it is important to find out what makes health professionals rank diseases as more or less typical. This study investigates the impact of various factors on how typical various diseases are perceived to be by health professionals. In particular, we study the influence of broad disease categories, such as somatic versus psychological/behavioral conditions, and a wide range of more specific disease characteristics, as well as the health professional’s own background. We find that professional background strongly impacted disease typicality. All professionals (MD, RN, physiotherapists and psychologists) considered somatic conditions to be more typical than psychological/behavioral. As expected, psychologists also found psychological/behavioral conditions to be more typical than did other groups. Professions of respondents could be well predicted from their individual typicality judgments, with the exception of physiotherapists and nurses who had very similar judgment profiles. We also demonstrate how various disease characteristics impact typicality for the different professionals. Typicality showed moderate to strong positive correlations with condition severity and mortality, and only non-severe conditions were rated as atypical. Hence, studying how different disease characteristics and occupational background influences health professionals’ perception of disease typicality is the first and important step toward a more general study of how typicality influences disease handling.
An investigation into the South African correctional officers’ experiences of their work and the Employee Assistance Programme
Authors: Willemse Rachel
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the study was to investigate South African correctional officer’s experiences of their work and Employee Assistance Programme and the meaning that they attach to it. A qualitative approach was utilised. Individual interviews were conducted with 20 participants utilising a semi-structured interview guide. Data were analysed through thematic analysis. Seven themes with various subthemes were derived from the data analysis. The findings suggest that correctional officers are confronted with various challenges daily. Officers revealed that their work and work environment had a negative impact on their physical and psychological health as well as their family life. Furthermore, officers reported that aspects of their well-being are neglected. Various coping mechanisms were utilised by correctional officers, which seems to act as a buffer against the negative effects of their stressful work and work environment. A variety of barriers that prevent officers from using the Employee Assistance Programme (EAP) service at work were identified. Despite the barriers, correctional officers recognised the overall positive value of the EAP service in the Department of Correctional Services (DCS). They also appear to find meaning in their work. Some correctional officers derive great satisfaction from their job while others experience a sense of reward as a result of the role that they play in the rehabilitation of inmates.
Examining the Personal and Perceived Organizational Characteristics Associated With Juvenile Probation Staff Job Satisfaction
Authors: Krupa Julie M.
Published: December 2020

Satisfied employees are essential to an organization, as they are often the primary means for meeting organizational needs. Job satisfaction is particularly important among criminal justice agencies, specifically probation agencies that largely rely on personnel for the supervision and rehabilitation of individuals. Yet, the correlates of job satisfaction among juvenile probation staff are largely unknown. Following organizational climate theory, the current study utilizes baseline data from the Juvenile Justice–Translational Research on Adolescents in the Legal System (JJ-TRIALS) initiative, a project conducted in seven states with 36 participating juvenile probation agencies. Factor analysis and structural equation modeling were utilized to examine the latent structure of organizational characteristics and potential mediating effects. Regression analyses were utilized to examine the direct relationship between job satisfaction and personal and organizational factors. Results highlight the importance of workplace factors and suggest efforts toward improving job satisfaction should focus on the improvement of organizational characteristics.
Examining Growth Among College Students With Intellectual and Developmental Disability: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Lee Chung Eun , Day Tammy Lynn , Carter Erik William , Taylor Julie Lounds
Published: December 2020

Inclusive postsecondary education programs for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are proliferating across the United States. Although college can be a formative time for any student, there has been limited research on the growth that college students with IDD may experience during their time on campus. We address this gap by using a longitudinal design to examine the adaptive behavior, self-determination, executive functioning, and social skills of college students with IDD across three points in time—upon initial entry into the program, at the end of their first year, and at the end of their second year. Analyses suggested significant improvements in adaptive behavior and self-determination across the first year of the program. We offer recommendations for research and practice aimed at documenting and promoting growth for students with IDD throughout their collegiate experience.
Academic Technologies for College Students With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Barbetta Patricia M. , Bennett Kyle D. , Monem Ruba
Published: December 2020

Institutes of higher education have encountered an increase in enrollment of students with intellectual disability (ID). This increase is due, in part, to societal movements (e.g., inclusive participation in life activities) and federal legislation. There are potential benefits to both individuals with ID and society when students within this population complete college (e.g., earn certificates, a collection of completed courses and experiences, increased future employment opportunities). Nevertheless, there are barriers to college that students with ID need to overcome to have successful experiences, particularly in their academic or functional academic courses. This paper presents numerous instructional technologies grounded in behavior analytic strategies and Universal Design for Learning (UDL) that university faculty might implement in their courses and/or recommend to their students for studying to facilitate the learning of college students with ID and their classmates.
#ENT: Otolaryngology Residency Programs Create Social Media Platforms to Connect With Applicants During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: DeAtkine Andrew B. , Grayson Jessica W. , Singh Nikhi P. , Nocera Alexander P. , Rais-Bahrami Soroush , Greene Benjamin J.
Published: December 2020

Objective:

To determine which otolaryngology residency programs have social media platforms and to review which programs are utilizing platforms to advertise virtual open houses and virtual subinternships for residency applicants.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Setting:

The study was conducted online by reviewing all accredited otolaryngology residency programs in the United States participating in the Electronic Residency Application Service.

Methods:

Otolaryngology residency programs were reviewed for social media presence on Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook. Social media posts were evaluated for virtual open houses and virtual subinternships. Residency websites and the Visiting Student Application Service were evaluated for the presence of virtual subinternships. All data were collected between September 5, 2020, and September 9, 2020. This study did not require approval from the University of Alabama at Birmingham Institutional Review Board for Human Use.

Results:

Among 118 otolaryngology residency programs, 74 (62.7%) participate on Instagram, 52 (44.1%) participate on Twitter, and 44 (37.3%) participate on Facebook. Fifty-one Instagram accounts, 20 Twitter accounts, and 4 Facebook accounts have been created during 2020. Forty-two (36%), 30 (25.4%), and 15 (13%) programs are promoting virtual open houses on Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook, respectively. Two programs on the Visiting Student Application Service offered virtual subinternships. Seven residency program websites offered virtual subinternships. Nine, 6, and 1 program offered virtual subinternships on Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook, respectively.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates that social media presence on Instagram and Twitter among otolaryngology residency programs has substantially grown in 2020 at a higher rate compared to previous years. These data suggest that otolaryngology residency programs are finding new ways to reach out to applicants amid an unprecedented type of application cycle due to the challenges presented by COVID-19. Many programs are advertising virtual open houses via social media platforms to connect with applicants, and a few programs are offering virtual subinternships to replace traditional subinternships.
Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Drainage of Petrous Apex Mucocele
Authors: Verma Ravneet Ravinder , Kumar Rajeev , Sagar Prem , Kumar Rakesh
Published: December 2020

Approaching the petrous apex can be complex and fraught with danger. Identifying favorable pathology and gaining access endoscopically is a direct, fast, and minimally invasive. Supported by navigation, it can be safely used in the vicinity of vital structures. A mucocele requires creation of a wide drainage pathway and can be an ideal lesion for such an approach.
Patient and Provider Decision-Making Experiences: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kinchen Elizabeth , Lange Bernadette , Newman David
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to explore patient and provider experiences in making health care decisions. A convenience sample of primary care patients and providers was engaged in face-to-face and telephone interviews, to elicit participants’ experiences in making health care decisions. Three main themes were identified in the data: Involvement, including being in control and accepting responsibility; seeking and confirming Information; and establishing communication and negotiating trust in the patient-provider Relationship. Themes identified in the data describe the elements involved in health care decision-making, and depict the relationship between patient and provider as being central to the making of health care decisions. In addition, the subthemes of control and negotiation merit additional in-depth exploration to illuminate the implicit and explicit expressions of hierarchy in the patient-provider relationship, as this hierarchy appears to hinder efforts at sharing decisions in health care encounters.
Review of Mental Health First Aid Programs
Authors: Costa Tiago Filipe Oliveira , Sampaio Francisco Miguel Correia , Sequeira Carlos Alberto da Cruz , Ribeiro Isilda Maria Oliveira Carvalho , Parola Vitor Sérgio de Oliveira
Published: December 2020

Mental health first aid programs are interventions to empower the community to help people with mental health problems/crises. A review of these programs was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute. Published and unpublished works from 2009 to 2019 were considered. The review included 252 studies. Several Mental Health First Aid programs were identified, with varying characteristics, participants, and contexts of implementation. These group interventions were carried out among lay people to health professionals, and in adolescents to the elderly. Additionally, they were conducted in-person and/or virtually, using psychoeducational methods and informational materials. The programs ranged from 30 minutes to 24 hours. These interventions can address nursing foci, and the characteristics of the facilitators are similar to those of mental health nurses. Therefore, this review highlighted the opportunity for nurses to explore Mental Health First Aid programs.