bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GIS technologies application in useful fossils search in the territory of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Authors: Andreev D V , Makarova M E
Published: September 2020

The article discusses the idea of a project to create a Unified infrastructure for the geology of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The approach to creating this project is based on the currently existing loosely coupled geological blocks of information, including spatial, quantitative and bibliographic data. The essence of the operation of the Unified geological infrastructure of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is that the storage and retrieval of information of each individual information unit within a single information system is ensured by various technological solutions through a single standardized access to them.
Improving the accuracy of gamma radiation measurements in radiation monitoring
Authors: Moiseev D V , Lukina L I
Published: September 2020

The article suggests the use of unmanned vehicles for monitoring the radiation situation. The paper analyzes data on the radiation situation at nuclear power plants and identifies the main factors of external radiation exposure. It is shown that the existing means of measuring gamma radiation in real conditions have to be used in an extended energy range. To improve the measurement accuracy while simultaneously expanding the energy range of gamma radiation levels, a method is proposed for automatically compensating for additional error due to the energy dependence of the sensitivity over the entire measurement range in real time by introducing pre-calculated correction coefficients. Simulation of the proposed circuit design is performed.
Analysis of accumulated precipitation based on information from weather stations
Authors: Yakubailik O E , Yakubailik T V
Published: September 2020

Knowledge about the spatial-temporal distribution of precipitation is important for a multitude of scientific and operational applications, and in agricultural monitoring particularly. Due to the irregularity of the network of meteorological stations and their small number in Central Siberia, a problem arises of filling in the missing data. Different ways are possible to solve this problem. This article addresses the problem of comparing data on the amount of accumulated precipitation received from ground-based weather stations and processed in various ways to reconstruct the spatial picture. Data analysis show that of all options considered, the use of a unified NOAA CPC dataset seems more appropriate in further agro-climatic studies. Only the satellite data can provide more complete and more accurate information.
Comparison of interpolated soil nutrients maps obtained with application of various approaches of ordinary kriging
Authors: Smirnova E V , Giniyatullin K G , Sahabiev I A , Okunev R V
Published: September 2020

To create maps of the available forms of nutrients in arable land for implementation of systems of mineral fertilizers differential application, various approaches of interpolation by the ordinary kriging method were used. Maps of the availability were built according to the agrochemical analysis of mixed samples compiled from elementary plots of 5 ha. In the first case, the result of the agrochemical analysis was tied to the centroids of the elementary plots, and the interpolation was carried out using point ordinary kriging. In the second case, the indicator value was attached to blocks corresponding to the area of elementary sites. In this case, the interpolated cards were obtained using block kriging. It was shown that the application of various approaches to interpolation gives similar maps of spatial distribution. At the same time, maps obtained by ordinary point kriging are characterized by a more accurate forecast compared to maps obtained using block kriging. Therefore, the construction of interpolated maps of the availability of arable lands with nutrients based on the results of agrochemical analysis of mixed samples with data binding to the centroids of the sampling cells and compiling the combined samples is more preferable.
Electric traction drive of an agricultural tractor
Authors: Deryabin E I , Zhuravleva L A
Published: September 2020

In the article, the task of expanding the range of work in speed and moment of traction electric drive of an agricultural tractor is considered. We propose to achieve this goal through the use of a two-stage gearbox based on a three-row planetary gear. It is proposed to shift gear ratio by eliminating one row of the gearbox from the process of converting mechanical energy. Evaluation of the effect of the proposed solution was tested on a refined mathematical model, in which the electric drive is presented as a complex “frequency converter with vector control - motor - working body. The obtained simulation results allow us to argue that with the correct operation of the system in long-term operation, energy savings of up to 12% can be achieved (for various types of soil and operating modes: arable land, driving), and for transient processes - 7-8%.
The influence of non-traditional feed additives on the productivity of horses in Yakutia
Authors: Sidorov A A , Grigorev M F , Grigoreva A I , Kyundyaytseva A N
Published: September 2020

The article presents data from the results of a study to determine the effectiveness of using unconventional feed additives for horse productivity in Yakutia. To conduct scientific experiments, 3 groups of horses of the indigenous Yakut breed were formed, 12 animals each. In order to enrich animal diets by macro and microelements, as well as to increase horse productivity in winter, the effect of zeolite-sapropelic feed additives on milk production and physiological state of animals was studied. In the process of conducting research, the following methods were used: biochemical, physiological, biometric and economic research methods. As a result of the research, it was found that the use of feed additives in feeding horses contributed to an increase in the milk yield of the experimental groups of mares 10.42% and 14.89%. At the same time, annual milk yield increased by 10.43% and 14.98%. It was found that the feed additive contributed to the improvement of the qualitative composition of milk, so for fat by 0.15% and 0.16% and protein by 0.19% and 0.32%. A study of the physiological status of animals found that the feed additives affected the biochemical composition of blood. An increase of albumin by 5.95% and 9.52%, globulin - by 1.37% and 3.42%, hemoglobin - by 1.74% and 3.20% was found in animals consuming feed additives. Analysis of the economic efficiency of the use of zeolite-sapropel feed additives in feeding mares has shown that in the experimental groups consuming feed additives, the profitability was 27.34% and 32.33%. Studies have proved the perspectivityof the use of organic mineral feed additives in feeding horses in the conditions of Yakutia.
Harmfulness of the aweed plant Cirsium arvense and spring wheat productivity after herbicides application
Authors: Mikhailova Z I , Puchkova E P , Martynova O V
Published: September 2020

The harmfulness of the weed plant Cirsium arvense to reduce the spring wheat yield and its quality and the effect of the herbicides Zinger, wetting powder and Magnum, wetting powder at a dose of 10 g/ha on the crop productivity was studied. On average for three years it was found that the yield of spring wheat depending on the Cirsium arvense harmfulness began to decline in the presence of one weed per 1 m2. The greatest harmfulness of Cirsium arvense in spring wheat crops was noted in the presence of 3 or more weeds per 1 m2. The protection effectiveness during the herbicides test against Cirsium arvense is 100%. Increase in the spring wheat yield from the herbicides action is by 9.7-10.3 c/ha.
The use of biologics Sedimin® and Gamavit to increase the adaptive capacity of animals
Authors: Arestova I Y , Alekseev V V , Sharonova E G , Kupriyanova M Y
Published: September 2020

The effect of Gamavit and Sedimin® on the morphological and functional parameters of rats was studied with the short-term introduction of them into the body with sequential exposure to hungry and emotional stress. The dynamics of clinical, physiological and growth indicators of experimental animals is estimated depending on the simulated conditions. Comparative data were obtained on the dependence of the physiological parameters of the organism of experimental animals on the purpose of the studied biogenic preparations.
Increasing the biological activity of benzimidazoles based on the supramolecular nanoscale delivery system with licorice extract against helminthiasis
Authors: Varlamova A I , Arkhipov I A , Khalikov S S , Arisov M V , Sadov K M , Dushkin A V
Published: September 2020

This paper considers the effect of mechanochemical technology on the anthelmintic efficacy of a solid dispersion (SD) of albendazole (ABZ) with licorice extract (LE) / SDALE/, which is considered as a means of targeted delivery. SDALE tests were carried out on white mice experimentally infected with Trichinella spiralis and Hymenolepis nana and on sheep naturally infected with gastrointestinal strongylates and Moniezia expansa cestodes. For each helminthiasis, animals of different groups of 9–12 in each were orally administered once a dose of SDALE of 2.0 mg/kg of active substance (AS) in the form of 10–20 % powders and 1 and 2% suspensions in comparison with the basic drug - a substance of albendazole at the dose of 2.0 mg/kg. SDALE is prepared by joint milling of similar components (ABZ and LE) in grinders with adjustable immersion energy (module, time, weight ratio of components, drum rotation speed) for 2 hours. Animals of the control groups did not receive the drug. The activity of the drugs was determined according to the data of coproovoscopic examination of sheep by flotation method before and 15 days after treatment. SDALE at the dose of 2.0 mg/kg of AS in the form of 10 and 20% powders and 1 and 2% suspensions showed respectively 91.4; 89.3; 87.2 and 92.3% efficacy against Nematodirus spp. and 90.7; 88.4; 87.4 and 91.2% activity against other types of Strongylata when receiving a 23.2 and 22.7% effect of the base drug - ABZ.
Identification of genetic markers of resistance to Potato virus Y and Golden potato cyct nematode in promising potato varieties by means of PCR
Authors: Chekushkina T N , Fisenko P V , Kim I V , Raifegerst T R
Published: September 2020

The study used genetic material of 13 field-grown potato varieties: Avgustin, Belmonda, Dachniy, Kazachok, Koroleva Anna, Labella, Laperla, Lilly, Red Lady, Sante, Smak, Yubilyar, Yantar and 6 varieties grown in vitro – Adretta, Zhukovskyi rannyi, Khazachiok, Sante, Smak, Yantar. The development of molecular genetic methods for identification of genetic markers of resistance to Potato virus Y and Golden potato cyct nematode was carried out. Meteor variety was used as a positive control due to having the desired genes in its genome. After screening testing of 16 promising potato varieties for resistance to Potato virus Y YES 3A marker of Rysto
gene have not been identified. Golden potato cyct nematode resistance H1 gene markers 57R and N195 have been identified in Belmonda, Zhukovskyi rannyi, Koroleva Anna, Labella, Laperla, Lilly, Red Lady, Sante, Smak, and Yubilyar varieties.
The effect of enrofloxacin on blood values of chickens in experimental salmonellosis
Authors: Prisnyi A A , Moiseeva A A , Skvortsov V N , Nevzorova V V
Published: September 2020

The aim of the present study is to research the impact of enrofloxacin on blood values of chickens experimentally infected with Salmonella. In the course of two experiments (experiment “a” and experiment “b”) a number of chickens were experimentally infected with Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis. One of the groups of the infected chickens in either experiment received 200 mg enrofloxacin per l in drinking water 24 hours before the challenge with Salmonella, then each of the following four days after the challenge with Salmonella. The administration of enrofloxacin did not suppress red blood cells in the chickens significantly; the registered reliable changes reflected the development of experimental salmonellosis. Inflammatory response was observed, and reliable tests showed increase in pseudoeosinophils, monocytes and basophils in treatment groups as compared to control group. The impact of developing infection on the leukogram was less marked in the groups of chickens receiving enrofloxacin. The analysis of the leukogram showed that S. enteritidis has a greater effect on the immune system of the chickens as it suppresses the action of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. S. typhimurium has a lesser effect on the immune reactions while retaining its activity and toxicity for a long time.
General principles of conducting preclinical toxicology studies of antiparasitic drugs for veterinary use
Authors: Arisov M V , Urazaev D N , Kachanova E O , Pavlova A S
Published: September 2020

Determining the degree of safety of new antiparasitic drugs for veterinary use is based on the results of a whole complex of preclinical study. The quality and effectiveness of preclinical studies are guaranteed by compliance with the rules provided for in normative documents, which are harmonized with international standards. However, due to the exploratory nature of such studies and the variety of methodological approaches used, there are no strict criteria for planning experiments. The choice of methods and tools when planning work on the preclinical evaluation of safety and efficacy of antiparasitic agents should be based on the specifics of their chemical structure and application to the target animals. The paper considers approaches to the regulation of preclinical toxicology studies of antiparasitic agents for veterinary use, taking into account their usually high or medium toxicity, the ability to cause death or impaired functions in living things (both the parasite and the host) and short-term use of the target to animals. The use of such approaches will make it possible to unify the methodology of experiments, to ensure the reliability and reproducibility of the results of preclinical pharmacology studies, and to increase their scientific and practical significance.
Leukocytes differential under effect of ciprofloxacin in experimental colibacillosis in chickens
Authors: Moiseeva A A , Prisnyi A A , Gulyukin A M , Stepanova T V
Published: September 2020

This study was aimed at evaluation of white blood cells of domestic birds over time using a broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic drug Ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin more actively inhibits gram-negative bacteria. In order to evaluate the dynamics, three groups of chickens were formed (1st group – control; 2nd and 3rd groups – experimental ones), which consisted of Hisex Brown cross-bred cockerels. Within the framework of this experiment chickens in the 2nd and 3rd groups were contaminated with Escherichia coli. A day before and for four days after the contamination chickens in the 3rd group received 200 mg/L of ciprofloxacin with water. Blood samples were drawn from all experimental chickens at Day 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 after the contamination. White blood cell differential count was performed. Analysis of the data obtained showed significant changes in some blood cell parameters in the 2nd and 3rd groups in comparison to the control group. Inflammatory response was detected, which was characterized by significant increase in absolute count and percentage of pseudoeosinophils, monocytes and basophils in the 2nd and 3rd group in comparison to the control group. Nevertheless, white blood cells differential count in the 3rd group was relatively closer to analogous count in the control group.
Introduction of biotechnology in animal breeding, as a factor of improving its efficiency
Authors: Serdyuchenko I V , Kozub Y A , Khoroshailo T A , Boginskaya O A
Published: September 2020

The article presents the results of the introduction of the biotechnological method to improve the reproduction of the herd of Holstein cattle. Comparative data on the growth of calves obtained in different ways are given: from artificial insemination and transplantation of embryos during the growing period - from birth to the age of 18 months. It was found that calves obtained from the biotechnological method grew faster than their peers obtained from artificial insemination. The difference was 18.3 kg in favor of the heifers of the experimental group. The largest average daily gain in live weight was observed during the period from 12 to 18 months - 50 g is naturally in favor of the heifers of the experimental group. The difference in live weight during the first insemination between the heifers of the studied groups was 10.0 kg or 2.5%. The fertility rate was +2.0 absolute percent. The insemination index was excellent and amounted to a difference between experimental groups of +0.6 absolute growth. The conditional profit from the cultivation of Holstein heifers obtained by the method of embryo transplantation amounted to 267.8 thousand rubles. Profitability was 22.4 percent.
Efficiency of weed control in feed crops cultivation by organic technology
Authors: Trufanov A M , Voronin A N , Schukin S V , Sabirova T P , Romanina Ya S
Published: September 2020

As a result of studies of field tests in 2019, it was found that corn crops lead to the stable formation of a large vegetative mass of both biennial and perennial weeds, and the cultivation of perennial grasses of the second year of use leads to a decrease in the weediness of crops by both groups of weeds. Despite the absence of pesticides and mineral fertilizers with organic technology, the number and weight of weeds was at the level of intensive technologies, which suggests the possibility of effective weed control with it method of management. Organic and extensive technology without the use of agrochemicals that contributed to a more vivid tendency to reduce the number of weeds by the end of the growing season and the smallest dynamics of their dry mass accumulation. The use of organic technology that ensures the production of crops without the use of pesticides and mineral fertilizers has contributed to the yield of annual and perennial grasses for first year of use at the level of intensive, and winter triticale, barley and corn are significantly higher than extensive, which can serve as the basis for the application of organic technology of cultivation of these crops.
Antioxidant activity of the peroxidase system in cell nuclei during germination of wheat seedlings
Authors: Vafina G H , Ivanov R S
Published: September 2020

The dynamics of the antioxidant activity of the peroxidase system in the structures of cell nuclei during the induction of germination of wheat seedlings was tracked, which was synchronized with nuclear trypsin-like activity and mitotic activity in cells. The dynamics of the antioxidant activity of the peroxidase system in the fractions of cell nuclei seems to be related to the processes of cell division and stretching during the development of plant seedlings. Previously, these results can be considered as one of the complex multilevel regulatory networks of proteinases formed in cell nuclei, which can probably participate in the turnover of oxidized proteins.
The development of technological parameters of seed sprouting before extrusion
Authors: Chaplygina I A , Matyushev V V , Shanina E V , Semenov A V , Shmeleva Zh N
Published: September 2020

The optimal combination of seed sprouting and extrusion processes reduces the energy, economic and labor costs of germination and decreases the loss of sprouted seed. To obtain sprouted seed, various pre-treatment methods were evaluated before the extrusion process. It was found that the optimal pre-treatment of seeds before sprouting is treatment with microwave radiation of 1400 W/dm3 for 20 s or 3% hydrogen peroxide for 10 min. When using such treatment methods, not only microflora suppression but also activation of the feed seed sprouting process are provided. The first sprouts appear in 12 hours. In 60 hours, the amount of sprouted seeds reaches 70-90 %. The length of sprouts at this stage of germination is optimal for further processing and is from 5 to 25 mm.
Theoretical aspects of the working process of a press extruder with a variable step auger for preparation of concentrated feed
Authors: Frolov Vladimir Y , Kotelevskaya Elena A , Tumanova Marina I
Published: September 2020

The article discusses the labor-intensive process of extruding soybeans. The parameters of production lines, methods and technical means intended for the implementation of the processes of preparing concentrated feeds based on insoluble soybean residue are theoretically substantiated. The results of theoretical studies to determine the optimal structural and technological parameters of a press extruder are presented: productivity, energy consumption, angular velocity, radius of the screw.
Establishing a state management system for the environment in the field of agriculture to suit the reality of Vietnam
Authors: Pham V M
Published: September 2020

The GDP growth rate of the entire agricultural sector of Vietnam in the 2008-2019 period will reach 2.6% per year on average. The market for agricultural products in Vietnam has been increasingly expanded, production structure is more efficient and tied to market demand. However, at the same time, the environment is at risk of being threatened by the effects of rapid agricultural development but lacking strict management policies. This has threatened the sustainable development of agriculture as well as the health and living environment of the people. In this paper, the author will analyse the situation of agricultural environmental pollution in Vietnam, using the statistical data methods. At the same time, the proposed analysis to build a state management system in the field of agriculture ensures to bring great value of goods, high income and environmental friendliness.
Optimization of the conditions of rhizogenesis and assessment of the enzymatic activity of the substrates used for rooting of cuttings of berry shrubs in Siberia
Authors: Bopp V L , Fomina N V
Published: September 2020

Meeting the needs of agricultural production in seedlings of berry crops (black currant (black currant (Ribes nigrum L.), sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.), edible honeysuckle (Lonicera edulis L)) propagated by green cuttings, requires a search for ways to increase the rooting rate of cuttings Substrates including peat, sand, sapropel with additives of ammonium nitrate were studied. Adding sapropel (pH of water 7.4) to the composition of peat (pH of water 3.0-4.1) + sand increased the rooting rate of green cuttings of berry bushes. Maximum rhizogenesis was observed in the peat + sand + sapropel variant of 20 t/ha. Anthropogenic loads change the biological parameters of substrates and soils. The results of assessing the biological state of substrates used to obtain cuttings of berry bushes in Siberia by the level of enzymatic activity are analyzed. The quality of substrates is analyzed by studies of oxidative and hydrolytic enzymes. It was found that in the options peat + sand + sapropel 20 t/ha and peat + sand + N30, peat + sand + sapropel 10 t/ha + N30 an increase in the activity indicators of urease and invertase enzymes begins. A stable level of activity of the catalase enzyme confirms the bioecological characteristic of the substrate that is optimal for rooting cuttings in the ratio of peat + sand + sapropel 20 t/ha.
The comparative analysis of the mineral nitrogen fertilizers
Authors: Podshivalova A K
Published: September 2020

According to the results of physical and chemical modeling, the chemical form of nitrogen fertilizers has a significant effect on the thermodynamic parameters of systems with their application. The chemical activity of nitrogen in sandy soils is higher than in clay soils, and decreases in the series: potassium nitrate - ammonium nitrate - urea - ammonia hydrate, i.e., decreases with the transition from the oxidized form of nitrogen +5 to reduced -3. Potassium and sodium nitrate are optimal with regard to the chemical activity of nitrogen in sandy soils. In clay soils, on the contrary, the maximum activity of nitrogen is provided by the use of urea containing a reduced form of nitrogen. The reactivity of oxygen is higher in clay soils and increases with the transition from oxidized to reduced forms of nitrogen. Therefore, to increase the activity of oxygen in sandy and clay soils, it is preferable to use urea and ammonia water. The binding efficiency of atmospheric nitrogen increases in the series: ammonia hydrate, urea - ammonium nitrate - potassium nitrate, and thus, systems containing highly oxidized nitrogen are favorable for fixing atmospheric nitrogen.
Cycles of living and bio-inert systems in soil formation
Authors: Tskhovrebov V S , Faizova V I , Lysenko V Y , Novikov A A
Published: September 2020

Material and energy cycles in living systems of phototrophs and heterotrophs, and in inert systems of the mineral base of soils have significant differences. As a result of soil formation and weathering under natural conditions, soils lose some of the nutrients due to the removal of moisture with an intrasoil and subsoil current, but in agricultural use - with a commodity part of the crop. The result is a depletion of soils, their aging and a decrease in fertility. Soils successively pass through the stages from birth on the initial parent rock to mature soil, aging, natural death and neorock. The stage of menopause of soils does not exist as equilibrium and which can last immeasurably for a long time. Soil, like any other system, cannot be in equilibrium if there is an influx of energy from outside. In the historical cycle under unchanging conditions of soil formation, time is the main factor in soil formation.
Predicting the reliability of friction type bearings with zirconium ceramic bushing
Authors: Alisin V V
Published: September 2020

The paper considers the issues of assessing the reliability of friction type bearing when installing a zirconium ceramic bushing. The allegations regarding the possibility of calculating the reliability of a bearing based on the results of friction pair wear tests at a laboratory setup were made. On a universal friction machine, the tribological characteristics of a friction pair are investigated using a disk-finger scheme. The methodology of constructing the elemental wear law is substantiated, according to which the wear intensity of the ceramic bearing bushing is adjusted according to the conditions of its operation. Particular attention is paid to the reliability of the obtained laboratory tests for friction and wear. Only parametric bearing failure based on the accumulation of wear damage is considered. A procedure has been developed for calculating the reliability and service life of a friction type bearing, taking into account the real angle of contact zone contact, variation of the sizes and tolerances of the shaft and bearing bushing, the normal distribution of errors, as well as the load and sliding velocity in the bearing.
Comparative assessment of the overseas territories of France according to the criteria of provision of tourist resources
Authors: Ivanova A A , Astashin A E , Astashina N I , Vasilieva E A
Published: September 2020

The article is devoted to assessing the availability of the largest French overseas departments with tourist resources based on quantitative characteristics. The main approaches to assessing the provision of the territory with resources – component-wise and integral were considered. The algorithm for conducting the assessment, including techniques of both main approaches, was presented. The component-wise assessment was carried out according to three main blocks of parameters that reflect the availability of tourist resources in the territory: provision of natural facilities; provision with objects of historical-cultural heritage; provision of tourist infrastructure. Due (for the reason) to the heterogeneity of the evaluation criteria, which does not allow using absolute indicators, a point-rating approach was applied, which allowed linking the main characteristics of each department being evaluated together and conducting a component-by-component, and then an integral assessment. Based on the results of geo-information analysis a map scheme was constructed, which reflects the geolocation of the evaluated departments and the degree of their availability of tourist resources. It will allow tourism industry organizers to more effectively to direct their efforts and funds to the development of tourism in the overseas departments of France. The work was built using GIS.
Dynamics of particle size formation in wheat grain in dependence on pesticides and nutrition background
Authors: Keler V V , Martynova O V , Shram N V
Published: September 2020

The paper analyzes the research results on the pesticides and mineral nutrition impact on the 1000 grains mass of spring wheat cultivated in Eastern Siberia. As a previous crop grain was studied as the most frequently used by agricultural producers. Ten varieties from the state register for breeding achievements approved for use in the Krasnoyarsk territory were studied. In the conditions of forest-steppe in the Krasnoyarsk territory the variability of 1000 grains mass on different cultivation backgrounds in soft spring wheat can be from 30 to 43 grams. The indicator for the strength of the influence factor «variety» on the grain size and full weight is 77 %. The indicator for the strength of the «background» influence was not revealed.
Problems of nature protection in Moscow
Authors: Zakharov K V , Terehova A A , Kozlov V N , Bobkova E Y , Grigoryants I A
Published: September 2020

Moscow is one of the largest and most northern megalopolises in the world. In Moscow, multi-storey and dense buildings prevail, but forest and other natural communities with characteristic flora and fauna have been preserved. It was possible to preserve the natural heritage in such a huge city thanks to environmental efforts undertaken during the 20th century. The greatest practical result was obtained with the territorial nature conservation. The main achievements include the allocation of a green belt around Moscow, the assignment of special protection status to large natural territories and the allocation of the Moscow Natural Complex not subject to development, as well as the publication of the Moscow Red Book. Despite the positive results obtained, in recent years there has been a tendency in the city to reduce the area of natural communities and, accordingly, biodiversity. The main reason for this is a sharp decrease in interest in the protection of nature among the population and the city authorities, the replacement of the true protection of nature with its urban beautification and “improvement”. The experience of Moscow confirms the view that it is impossible to preserve wildlife in the city only by the efforts of enthusiasts. In the modern metropolis, it is necessary to involve the broadest sections of the population in this process and integrate environmental ideas into all spheres of urban life.
A thermodynamic study of microelement influence on the nitrogen and oxygen activity in soil
Authors: Podshivalova A K , Gogol E S , Butorina N V
Published: September 2020

Microelement influence on the activity of the most important biogenic elements (oxygen and nitrogen) have been studied through modelling of physical and chemical processes. The obtained results lead to the conclusion that sandy soils do not influence chemical potentials of oxygen and nitrogen due to the silicon dioxide inertness. Clay soils increase oxygen activity and reduce nitrogen activity; at the same time, the influence is smoothed by the process of poorly soluble gibbsite mineral formation as a result of increased aluminium oxide content in the soils. The oxygen chemical activity increases in the presence of copper(II) ions in sandy soils. Iron(II) ions have a negative impact on the oxygen chemical activity; however, they in-crease the nitrogen activity in sandy and clay soils. The oxidation state of a microelement included in micronutrient fertilizers substantially influences the biogenic element activity. Iron(III) ions used as a component of micronutrient fertilizers have an advantage over iron(II) ions, as they increase the nitrogen activity to a greater extent.
The load allocation along the loader axles depending on operating conditions
Authors: Mashtakov Alexander P , Khakimzyanov Rustam R
Published: September 2020

The article presents a kinematic analysis of a front bucket loader with a center pivot frame articulation. Due to the action of external loads, the values of reactions occurring on loader motor and loading axles are determined. The article contains the results of theoretical and experimental researches of the load allocation along the tractor axles on the basis of the cargo mass and the hoisting height. The dependencies of the force allocation along the loader axles are obtained according to the operating conditions.
Total evaporation from the surface of river catchments in Western Siberia
Authors: Tusupbekov Zh A , Ryapolova N L , Nadtochiy V S
Published: September 2020

An important place in determining the water content of the territory in order to plan the optimal management of water resources, as well as in determining the technology of irrigation regimes to obtain sustainable crop yields, is the calculation of total evaporation. Evaporation, being the main element of the hydrological cycle, connects hydrology with meteorology and agriculture. In plant physiology, transpiration is characterized by the transition of water contained in them into a vapor state, followed by accumulation in the atmosphere. During transpiration, as with conventional evaporation, it is necessary to take into account such atmospheric elements as radiation, temperature and humidity, soil moisture and wind parameters. Therefore, the value of total evaporation, including transpiration and evaporation from the underlying surface (soil, water, snow, ice, etc.) depends on both zonal and azonal factors of the geographical landscape. Of great importance in determining the total evaporation is the correct choice of calculation method that meets the tasks requirements, taking into account the climatic features and fulfilling the conditions of the required accuracy of the calculation results.
The assess of the possibility of rain floods forecasting on the rivers of Western Tyva
Authors: Vinogradova L I , Ivanova O I , Agapova T V
Published: September 2020

This article discusses the problem of forecasting rain floods on the Elegest, Chadan and Khemchik rivers in the Western part of the Republic of Tyva. The purpose of this work is to assess the possibility of forecasting rain floods on small rivers. In this work, the following tasks are solved: collecting data on the water regime and analyzing the observed floods on the rivers of Western Tyva; collecting and analyzing data on flood-forming precipitation; statistical processing and identification of a close relationship between the flood and precipitation. In the work was used a device for correlation analysis of flood flow with measured precipitation at weather stations. A general analysis of flood-forming characteristics was carried out on the Elegest (the period from 1969 to 2018), Khemchik (the period from 1975 to 2018), and Chadan (the period from 2000 to 2018). Then was chosen daily and semi-daily precipitation on these three rivers, according to the most representative observation points: Shagonar, Hovu-Aksy and Chadan for the Elegest river; Shagonar, Teeli and Barlyk for the Khemchik river; Chadan, Hovu-Aksy and Teeli for the Chadan river. The analysis showed the relationship between the fixed precipitation at the stations and the rain flood, but it showed a weak relationship between them on the Chadan river. This circumstance is explained by the peculiarities of the formation of rain floods in the mountains and the almost complete lack of precipitation meters within the considered river basins in the valleys. However, for the Elegest and Chadan rivers, graphs of correlation between the flood height and the amount of precipitation are built, which are recommended for operational use in the Department of hydrological forecasts of the Krasnoyarsk Department of Hydrometeorological Service.
Green logistics as an element of sustainable development
Authors: Kurbatova S M , Aisner L Yu , Mazurov V Yu
Published: September 2020

The article deals with the concept, essence and objectives of “green” logistics as a new scientific direction based on the use of knowledge in the field of economics, ecology, sociology, management, and other areas on the application of logistics information technologies to reduce environmental harm while increasing the efficiency of the use of certain resources. The idea, essence and objectives of the concept of “sustainable development” are considered. A number of intersections of “green” logistics and the ideas of sustainable development are noted. It is proposed to consider “green” logistics as an element of sustainable development, which will allow us to use an integrated approach to study this design, to identify and develop their relationships. Certain options for improving the effectiveness of these two institutions through the development of interaction mechanisms are proposed. The importance and significance of scientific support and human resources for the effective solution to the tasks set for “green” logistics as an element of sustainable development are noted.
Biological features and productivity of soybean varieties grown in the unstable moisture zone on leached chernozem
Authors: Shabaldas O G , Donets I A , Golub A S , Mukhina O V , Chukhlebova N S
Published: September 2020

The article presents the results of studies on the biological characteristics and productivity of new promising varieties of different ripeness groups, Armavir experimental station selection - a branch of the Federal state budgetary scientific institution “Federal scientific center “V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil crops”. The studies were carried out in an unstable moisture zone on the basis of the experimental station of the Stavropol State Agrarian University; the soils of the experimental plot are leached chernozem. On average, over three years of research, it was found that the highest yield in the group of quickly ripening varieties was obtained by Parus variety - 1.73 t/ha, which was 0.43 t/ha more than the standard Bara variety. In the group of early ripening varieties, the highest yield was obtained by the standard Duar variety - 1.58 t/ha. The mid-ripening Zara variety showed a maximum yield of 1.84 t/ha among the studied varieties, exceeding the standard Vilana variety by 0.19 t/ha. The highest protein content in soybean grain was noted in the Vilana variety - 43.2%, and the vegetable oil in the Vestochka variety -24%.
Actual situation of dealing with environmental law violations and building of a legal system in the state management of environment in the agricultural sector in Vietnam
Authors: Dang T H , Chu X D
Published: September 2020

Environmental pollution is a global problem. Environmental pollution, leading to extremely difficult consequences. It has affected the health and life of humans and the creatures living on the earth. In addition, it also directly harms the race, the next generation of humans. Especially, agricultural environmental pollution also directly threatens Vietnam’s food security. Therefore, will directly affect the sustainable development of agriculture. In the context of the article, the author analyses the situation of pollution and handles violations of the law on environmental pollution in Vietnam. At the same time, propose solutions to improve the state management efficiency in the protection of clean and sustainable agriculture.
Productive moisture stock assessment in the apple orchards soils of forest steppe north
Authors: Zakharov V L , Morgacheva N V , Petrisheva T Yu
Published: September 2020

The research was carried out in the north of forest steppe zone of Russia. The research subjects are soils under which apple trees of fruit-bearing age are located (16-24 years). Over the years of the research 50 soil cuts were laid in the apple orchards. United soil samples were formed by mixing the samples from near-stalk stripes and row-spacing. The total depth of searched cuts was 220 m. All the soil moisture capacity categories were determined by thermostat weight method: maximum water adsorption after airy dry soil condition in desiccators at air humidity close to 100%, limit field or the least soil moisture capacity after moist soil condition on the plaster casts and after free gravitational moisture coming down the profile on the flooded areas, the capillary bonding breakage humidity by multiplication of limit field soil moisture capacity and coefficient of 0.6. The total moisture stock was calculated as multiplication of soil density, layer thickness and limit field soil moisture capacity. Remote moisture stock was calculated as multiplication of soil density, layer thickness, maximum water adsorption and coefficient of 1.37. It was established that limit field soil moisture capacity significantly varies not only within one searched farm but inside soil type and soil subtype. Productive moisture stock in spring in ploughing soil layer occupied by the apple orchids of forest steppe north are described as good and represent 406-720 m3/ha (41-72 mm). Productive moisture stock in one-meter soil layer of apple orchards are assessed as very good and vary from 2993 to 4822 m3/ha (293-482 mm). According to productive moisture stock increasing in a meter layer apple orchards soils of forest steppe north can be placed in the following order: podzolic chernozem < chernozem moist meadow < grey forest < chernozem meadow < typical chernozem < leached chernozem < meadow chernozem < meadowish chernozem.
Parameters-adapters of wheeled tractors
Authors: Selivanov N I , Averyanov V V , Zaprudsky V N , Kuznetsov A V , Makeeva Yu N
Published: September 2020

The article considers the rationale for the adapter parameters of wheeled tractors using high-speed tillage units. Models and an algorithm for optimizing the traction-speed regime and the specific gravity of wheeled tractors for operational tillage technologies were proposed. As the basic factors of influence, we used the characteristics of the towing and coupling properties of tractors and the resistivity of serial and high-speed working machines in tillage operations, which were established based on the results of modeling and experiments. The maximum speed mode of the units was established from the condition of a minimum of energy costs attributed to the product of specific productivity and speed, and minimum with a minimum value of the ratio of specific energy consumption and productivity. The rational value of the specific gravity of the tractor for an individual operation or a group of related tillage operations in terms of energy intensity corresponds to the nominal traction and speed mode with maximum traction efficiency and nominal speed, which ensures an increase in specific energy consumption of no more than 10-12%. The specific gravity was 66-69 kg/kW for moldboard plowing by high-speed plows at 2.5 m/s (9.0 km/h), which is achieved by installing on the tractor, depending on the basic configuration, removable ballast with a specific gravity of 7-13 kg/kW. In operations of the second and third energy-intensive groups, the mass of ballast must be reduced to 0-5 kg/W. When working with serial mounted plows in the speed range of 7-9 km/h, to increase the specific gravity to 71-74 kg/kW, it is advisable to use a tractor hydraulic loader.
Respiratory moisture loss in neonatal calves and their association with airway inflammation
Authors: Chernitskiy A E , Safonov V A
Published: September 2020

In 85 Holstein calves aged 2-28 days, indicators characterizing respiratory moisture loss (RML) and their association with airway inflammation were studied. Animals were evaluated by clinical scoring system WI. 66 calves had a WI clinical score of more than 3 points or less (healthy), 19-more than 3 points (sick). To study RML in animals, exhaled breath condensate was collected using a special device (patent RU 134772 U1) and its volume generated in 1 minute and from 100 L of exhaled air was measured. It was found that in healthy calves, RML is 0.030-0.124 mL per minute and 0.242-1.506 mL per 100 L of exhaled air, in sick calves they increase on average by 24.3% (P <0.01) and 50.4% (P <0.001), respectively. Thus, airway inflammation increases RML in animals. Current results show that RML intensity in calves increases markedly with increasing body temperature, WI clinical score and correlates with pulmonary ventilation.
Revisiting the interrelation between nitrate and microbiological pollution of spring water
Authors: Vasyukov A E , Nikulina S N , Grishakova V V , Shin I L , Chudakova T A
Published: September 2020

The article provides statistical grounds for the formation of a data array to be used at estimating the interrelation between the chemical and microbiological groundwater quality indices substantially exceeding sanitation and hygiene standards. This has provided relevant data on low linear dependence between the nitrate content and total bacterial count, and absence of linear dependence between the nitrate content and coliform index in the groundwater of 29 springs in Kaluga Region for the period from 2011 to 2016.
Assessment of the impact of indicator air pollutants in Atyrau city on public health
Authors: Yessenamanova M S , Tekeyeva A A , Yessenamanova Zh S , Tlepbergenova A E
Published: September 2020

The article analyzes the impact of air pollutants in Atyrau on public health, taking into account hygiene standards. Atyrau region is characterized by the development of oil and gas production and processing activities and is located on the coastal lowlands of the Caspian Sea. An oil refinery is located in the city, and as a result, atmospheric air is characterized by pollution of a number of chemical substances that are priority ones, such as hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, suspended solids, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide. Most of these substances affect the respiratory system. Calculation of the inhalation risk according to the results of Kazhydromet shows that even in acute and chronic exposure, the most elevated pollutants are short-term exposure to hydrogen sulfide (HQ = 7.4), suspended particles (HQ = 4) and fine particles (HQ = 7.13) for long-term exposure. The results of field studies conducted by ECOSERVICE-S LLP show that the calculation of the risk to public health during the inhalation of pollutants is characterized by increased values under acute exposure to nitrogen (IV) dioxide (HQ = 44.03051) and hydrogen sulfide (HQ = 35, 41465). The maximum risk of acute exposure during inhalation of pollutants is formed in the area of settlement point 6 - Kursai district.
Development of a rational environmental management system and increasing environmental safety
Authors: Kuchumov A V , Fattakhov R V , Pivovarova O V , Pobyvaev S A , Gibadullin A A , Troshin D V
Published: September 2020

The analyzed indicators indicate that the industrial complex consumes the largest volume of water resources, while not all water resources that are discharged into water bodies are subject to treatment, which, of course, affects the state of water basins. It was substantiated in the work that in order to achieve and increase the effective use of water resources, it is advisable to develop a coordinated policy to reduce water consumption and preserve the environment for future generations. At the end of the study, the necessary conclusions were drawn on the results of the work done.