bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análisis del impacto del área de tecnología en el ciclo básico y su repercusión en las instancias de evaluación de la asignatura sistemas estructurales I
Authors: Bruschini César , Armelini Griselda R. , Herrero Valeria , Feigielson Sofía , Godoy Yaín A. , Bruschini Lucía
Published: April 2020

A través de nuestra experiencia docente dentro del ámbito educativo y de desarrollo de la asignatura Sistemas Estructurales 1 (SE1), nos vemos involucrados tanto en el aprendizaje y comprensión de las implicancias de la asignatura, como en la relación que ésta guarda con las demás asignaturas correspondientes al Área de Tecnología. Entendemos que tal responsabilidad implica considerar la repercusión que la incorporación y relación de los contenidos de dichas disciplinas afines produce sobre los conocimientos adquiridos en las estructuras. En la carrera de Arquitectura, el Área de Tecnología enfoca su enseñanza al conjunto de actividades y conocimientos científicos y técnicos utilizados para el diseño, planificación y construcción de nuestro entorno, propiciando la incorporación progresiva de habilidades y destrezas que permitan identificar y formular problemas y soluciones del proyecto arquitectónico, con una adecuada planificación y optimización de recursos. La comprensión e interrelación de los diversos conocimientos de éste Área debieran constituir en sí el andamiaje en la etapa de toma de decisiones durante todo el proceso de diseño. En este contexto, las prácticas en SE1, en tanto asignatura constitutiva del Área de Tecnología, no deben ser meras ejercitaciones del manejo de herramientas, sino que también deben lograr plasmar lo aprendido en otras materias y darle unidad al proceso de aprendizaje arquitectónico, integrando la formación tecnológica a ese proceso, materializando el objeto diseñado, analizando los aspectos funcionales, formales, plásticos y tecnológicos y vinculando en el segundo nivel los conocimientos adquiridos en las asignaturas del área que le preceden. Durante el proceso de evaluación de los trabajos prácticos de la asignatura, son tomados los mencionados principios como criterios fundamentales para determinar el nivel de logros de cada resolución, atendiendo, en primera instancia, a la correcta resolución de las problemáticas específicas de la materia y, complementariamente, a la capacidad de integración de conocimientos adquiridos por el alumno y la satisfactoria aplicación a un caso de estudio concreto. El enfoque se dará en los criterios de evaluación, atendiendo a la capacidad de integración de conocimientos adquiridos del alumno en dicha instancia.
DEMOCRACIA COGNITIVA PARA UNA TECNOLOGÍA SUSTENTABLE EN ARQUITECTURA
Authors: Peyloubet Paula , Minari Ana Laura , Centeno Crespo M. Josefina , Del Campillo Pilar , Fenoglio Valeria
Published: April 2020

El presente artículo propone reflexionar acerca de los modelos de desarrollo vigentes y su posible transformación a partir de la construcción de una nueva base cognitiva que supere la neutralidad de la ciencia y el determinismo tecnológico. Los conocimientos no son neutros y tampoco determinan por sí mismos el desarrollo. El objetivo consiste en resolver las situaciones estereotipadas de cognición vigentes a partir del trabajo colectivo, la reflexión y la difusión de este nuevo pensamiento para esclarecer, a través de un proceso de interacción, la situación; hasta convertir este conflicto en una nueva resolución cognitiva que dé paso a formas de abordar los problemas bajo una perspectiva colectiva, democrática e incluyente. La propuesta que se realiza para el abordaje de la Tecnología pretende revitalizar el rol del arquitecto en su capacidad de ciudadano inserto en un contexto social, histórico y cultural que requiere de profesionales y académicos dispuestos a disolver la idea de la neutralidad tecnológica. Para ello es necesaria una estructura metodológica cualitativa y un posicionamiento paradigmático constructivista, que permita pensar en la selección de una tecnología situada territorialmente y culturalmente como parte sustantiva para encontrar “otro modelo de desarrollo”, basado en un enfoque social, ambiental y económicamente sustentable
ESTUDIO DE FACTIBILIDAD DE INSTALACION DE SISTEMAS FOTOVOLTAICOS EN VIVIENDAS TIPO DE LA CIUDAD AUTONOMA DE BUENOS AIRES
Authors: Pilar Claudia , Luis Vera Luis Vera , Martínez Cintia , Poladian Andrés
Published: April 2020

Dentro de las energías renovables, la solar fotovoltaica conectada a red, es una de las que posee mayores posibilidades de integración al ámbito urbano, que es donde se genera la mayor demanda eléctrica. En el presente artículo se evalúan las posibilidades técnicas de incorporar un sistema fotovoltaico conectado a red (SFCR) en un edificio existente de carácter residencial de la ciudad de Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA), considerando opciones de potencia y orientación para la alimentación de las áreas comunes. De acuerdo al análisis realizado sería factible alimentar espacios comunes del edificio en condiciones de autoabastecimiento. Desde un punto de vista técnico resulta necesaria la evaluación de la inclinación y las orientaciones más favorables y el análisis de sombra para optimizar el funcionamiento del sistema. Si bien por el momento la inversión inicial resulta un factor negativo, los costos son cada vez más competitivos, de forma incipiente surgen líneas de crédito y se avizora un cambio cultural con mayor compromiso ambiental, por lo que se considera factible que en un futuro cercano se implementen este tipo de sistemas
HABITAT FLOTANTE. DISEÑO SUSTENTABLE EN HUMEDALES. UNA PROPUESTA PEDAGOGICA CON VINCULACIÓN AL MEDIO
Authors: Bellot Rodolfo , Rico Jorge
Published: April 2020

El plan de estudio vigente en la FADU-UNL, (2001), incorpora los trayectos optativos y electivos, permitiendo de esta manera que los alumnos, además de los ciclos obligatorios, puedan orientar su propia voluntad en otros campos del conocimiento para enriquecer su formación. En este marco, las asignaturas optativas, definen sus objetivos a los fines de: completar la oferta de formación general para generar caminos de especialización disciplinar, aportar a la investigación y conocimientos, promoviendo la formación de recursos humanos y reconociendo las particularidades vocacionales de cada alumno. En el año 2018, el Consejo Directivo (CD), bajo la resolución 254, aprobó la asignatura “Hábitat Flotante, Diseño Sustentable en Humedales” con el propósito de ampliar la oferta académica de asignaturas optativas y al mismo tiempo fortalecer las áreas de diseño y tecnológicas en un espacio del conocimiento vacante y pertinente dada la vinculación de la ciudad y su zona de influencia con el río. Es intención difundir la propuesta y compartir la experiencia lograda exponiendo algunos trabajos de alumnos, para reflexionar sobre las estrategias de abordaje para favorecer el desarrollo sustentable de humedales.
“FLEXO.IN-FORM”: PROCESOS INTEGRADORES EN ENVOLVENTES LAMINARES A FLEXIÓN ACTIVA
Authors: Gronda María Luciana
Published: April 2020

En este artículo se presenta un ejercicio experimental a Flexión Activa (FA): “Flexo.In-Form”, cuyo objetivo consiste en utilizar el comportamiento a la flexión como herramienta de diseño a partir del trabajo aplicado a estructuras que basan su geometría en la deformación elástica de elementos inicialmente planos. La FA se define como la instrumentalización de una de las - “nuevas”- capacidades inscriptas en la Materialidad Digital (MD) desde un Enfoque de Diseño Orientado al Desempeño (EDOD) y no como una tipología estructural predefinida. La propuesta metodológica se fundamenta en el “form-finding”, analógico-digital, como un EDOD. En términos instrumentales, el modelado paramétrico -de lógica matemático algorítmica-, la simulación digital -para la predicción del comportamiento físico-, la evaluación de cálculo numérico computacional, y finalmente, la fabricación CNC operan reuniendo las instancias de ideación, simulación, análisis y fabricación desde una lógica continua que re-in-forma el modelo a partir de los datos obtenidos en cada momento. En este sentido, la experimentación empírico-analítica es amplificada digitalmente mediante Procesos Integradores (PI) que constituyen nuevos procedimientos y formas de abordaje para repensar los procesos de ideación y abren múltiples posibilidades para emancipar del paradigma moderno la condición material en arquitectura.
EL DISEÑO ARQUITECTÓNICO SUSTENTABLE BASADO EN PROCESOS NATURALES
Authors: Stucke Alexia María Itatí , Vedoya Daniel Edgardo , Morán Rosanna Griselda
Published: April 2020

La arquitectura sustentable se centra en la búsqueda de un diseño ambientalmente consciente mediante la optimización del uso de los recursos naturales para el logro de sus objetivos. Consecuentemente con estas problemáticas, el esfuerzo se orienta hacia la búsqueda de soluciones de diseño más eficaces, proyectos más eficientes que puedan lograr un equilibrio entre lo humano y la naturaleza, lo que ha dado lugar a una nueva tendencia que se conoce como Arquitectura Biomimética (de “bios” = vida, y “mimesis” = imitar). Si bien la arquitectura y la naturaleza han ido de la mano desde el comienzo, hoy la arquitectura biomimética va más allá de la simple imitación de las formas naturales, orientándose al análisis de los diversos procesos naturales, de modo de transponer esos comportamientos a las instalaciones de los edificios, optimizando las condiciones de habitabilidad y confort y aplicando criterios de ahorro energético. Es objetivo del trabajo describir los problemas tecnológicos que condicionan la obra arquitectónica mediante la transposición tecnológica de diversos comportamientos de la naturaleza, con un abordaje desde las formas, los sistemas y los procesos, que permite su estudio según tres enfoques diferenciados, en los cuales se basa la biomimética. Se tomó como unidad de análisis la obra de Norman Foster conocida como Gherkin
INTRODUCCIÓN A LA EFICIENCIA ENERGÉTICA A TRAVÉS DEL DISEÑO BIOCLIMÁTICO ESTUDIO DE CASOS, VERIFICACIONES CUANTITATIVAS Y MANEJO DE NORMATIVAS
Authors: Panvini María José , Saldi Romina
Published: April 2020

Desde el Espacio Curricular Optativo "Introducción a la eficiencia energética para viviendas" se busca internalizar en el alumno la necesidad de concebir la idea proyectual a través de un pensamiento integral que contemple las pautas de diseño con criterios de arquitectura pasiva. Y vincular los temas teóricos impartidos en las diferentes materias de la carrera de Arquitectura en relación a la eficiencia energética para ser aplicados en la práctica proyectual de forma concreta. El trabajo práctico debe cumplir con ciertos ítems que se resuelven parcial y metodológicamente a medida que se imparte la teoría. Se trabaja sobre tres tipologías de viviendas unifamiliares en PB implantadas en una zona bioclimática a elección. El alumno debe analizarlos según los principios y estrategias climáticas para llegar a determinar qué tipología se adapta mejor de acuerdo a los criterios y recomendaciones de diseño pasivo para dicha zona. Implica verificar los indicadores dimensionales, energéticos y la calidad térmica edilicia de la vivienda. Mediante la modalidad de seminario de integración que consta de una síntesis gráfica, cuantitativa se procede al debate e intercambio de ideas y reflexiones finales. Los objetivos señalados desde la enseñanza-aprendizaje fueron logrados con éxito, siendo los temas teóricos aplicados correctamente. Se evidenció el uso de herramientas digitales, imágenes termográficas y modelados en 3D.
DE LA IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE LAS CUOTAS DE GÉNERO A LA “LEGISLATURA DE LA PARIDAD DE GÉNERO” EN MÉXICO
Authors: Vizcarra Ruiz María Alejandra
Published: April 2020

Con los resultados de las elecciones federales del 1° de julio de 2018, México se colocó en el 4º lugar en paridad de género a escala mundial al alcanzar un 48,3% de representantes mujeres en la Cámara de Diputados, por debajo de Bolivia que obtuvo 53,1%, Cuba 53,2% y Ruanda que ocupa el primer lugar con 61,3% (Inter-Parlamentary Union, 2019). El resultado ha sido alcanzado gracias a reformas a la legislación electoral y a la Constitución que introdujo mecanismos para que más mujeres pudieran ocupar espacios de mayor representación política. Este artículo analiza el desarrollo de las cuotas de género en México, así como de los diversos mecanismos implementados para alcanzar una representación descriptiva más amplia de mujeres en la Cámara de Diputados, aunque los datos de la legislatura previa (2015-2018) muestran que en cuanto a la representación sustantiva los cambios deben ir más allá de lo institucional.
Use of Quasi-Experimental Research Designs in Education Research: Growth, Promise, and Challenges
Authors: Gopalan Maithreyi , Rosinger Kelly , Ahn Jee Bin
Published: April 2020

In the past few decades, we have seen a rapid proliferation in the use of quasi-experimental research designs in education research. This trend, stemming in part from the “credibility revolution” in the social sciences, particularly economics, is notable along with the increasing use of randomized controlled trials in the strive toward rigorous causal inference. The overarching purpose of this chapter is to explore and document the growth, applicability, promise, and limitations of quasi-experimental research designs in education research. We first provide an overview of widely used quasi-experimental research methods in this growing literature, with particular emphasis on articles from the top ranked education research journals, including those published by the American Educational Research Association. Next, we demonstrate the applicability and promise of these methods in enhancing our understanding of the causal effects of education policies and interventions using key examples and case studies culled from the extant literature across the pre-K–16 education spectrum. Finally, we explore the limitations of these methods and conclude with thoughts on how education researchers can adapt these innovative, interdisciplinary techniques to further our understanding of some of the most enduring questions in educational policy and practice.
Bifurcating Worlds? A Systematic Review of How Visual and Language Data Are Combined to Study Teachers and Their Teaching
Authors: Schachter Rachel E. , Freeman Donald , Parakkal Naivedya
Published: April 2020

Connecting teachers’ perspectives with their practice is an enduring challenge shaping what and how we understand teaching. Researchers tend to bifurcate teachers’ work between their private and their public lives. These “worlds” bring particular meanings that are rendered through the analyses of visual documentations of teaching and teachers’ language-based accounts of their teaching. Combining these two forms of data is a basic research challenge both operationally and conceptually. Operationally, the researcher determines how the forms are connected and which decisions reflect (and are anchored in) conceptual warrants. This review identified 52 studies that combine visual and language data to study teachers and teaching to examine how data were collected and analyzed in the studies and what types of the theoretical frameworks were used to warrant the interpretations resulting from the connections. The review found only seven studies that balanced both worlds by explicitly warranting how the two forms of data were interconnected. Otherwise, most studies foregrounded one form of data and drew on the other to support or explain the first. Whereas most of the authors rationalized the connection between the forms of data in their studies, few took the more complex step of theorizing how the two worlds were connected. We argue that such incomplete connections risk inaccurately representing the work of teaching. We propose some design questions and research procedures that researchers may use to avoid bifurcating teachers’ worlds.
Commodity value measurement and connotative value currency
Authors: Cheng jinjun
Published: April 2020

Goods of utility, in the final analysis, contain two parts of natural value and labor value:the natural value is created by god and given to us for free, the labor value is the human labor which is condensed in the commodity without any difference, and the commodity value is reflected by the labor value.The essence of human labor is the process of consuming the energy and life time of the body and doing physical work to the object of labor.The value of labor, W, is the square root of the product of the energy consumed by the worker, E, and the time spent on labor, T(W= ).To design a new currency that conforms to the principles of freedom and fairness -- the Talent(symbol: ), whose value corresponds to its value：1 =1JS , J is joules, S is seconds, perform all functions of currency.
Overexpression of GRP78 receptor and its Chemical Biology in Cancer and Autoimmune Diseases: High risk for COVID 19?
Authors: BANERJEE ARUP , Begum Feroza , Sricastava Ami Kumar , Tripathi Prem Prakash , ray upasana
Published: April 2020

ACE2 receptor has been the focus of scientific community as receptor of COVID 19 and is been explored for therapeutic targeting. Recently, another receptor for COVID 19 was reported, the Glucose Regulated Protein 78 (GRP78). GRP78, a heat shock protein is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response protein. In cancer and certain autoimmune diseases there are reports of upregulation of GRP78. In breast cancer, prostate cancer, melanomas and malignant gliomas GRP78 overexpresses. Chemoresistance has been linked to upregulated GRP78. So, cancer patients might be at increased risk of COVID 19 infection owing to receptor abundance. We propose that tumour associated endothelial cells having upregulated GRP78 might also participate in dissemination of the virus. GRP78 also gets upregulated in rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Thus, both cancer patients as well as autoimmune diseases (Rheumatoid arthritis and IBD) should be considered as high-risk groups for COVID 19.
Improving the quality of FDI attraction in Vietnam in the coming years – approach from the institutional perspective
Authors: Nguyen V.C.
Published: April 2020

After 32 years since “Doi moi” in 1986, Vietnam has become a good destination, attracting many foreign direct investments (FDIs) in Southeast Asia. End of 2018, the country has more than 27.353 valid projects with a total registered capital of USD 340 bn while accumulated disbursement of FDIs is estimated at USD 191.4 bn, which is an important contribution to the economy and economic restructuring.
local focusing and surface integral
Authors: Kuyukov Vitaly
Published: April 2020

local focusing and surface integral
ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS FEASIBILITY ASSESSED FROM FINANCIAL ASPECTS USING PAYBACK PERIOD ON MEBELER PRODUCTS IN PT. NADERA SUKABUMI
Authors: naryono endang
Published: April 2020

Abstract - In starting a business be it in the field of manufacturing or services what must be done is to conduct a business feasibility study. Because by conducting a business feasibility study, business risks that will occur in the future will be overcome or at a minimum the risk of losses that occur is not too large. This study aims to determine the results of a business feasibility analysis in terms of financial aspects by using a payback period on leather shoes products at PT. Nadera Sukabumi. The design of this research is case study research. The type of data used in this study is quantitative and data sources used are included in secondary data. Variables that are the object of this research are the needs and sources of funds, profit-loss projections, cash budget projections, balance sheet projections, net cash flow projections, and investment valuation. The analysis technique used is to assess the feasibility of a business by determining the value of Payback Period (PP). In running a leather shoe business, PT. Nadera Sukabumi has no difficulty in meeting the production costs and operational costs. Profit and loss projections show that business activities always experience significant profits. Payback period analysis (PP) can be seen that PT. Nadera Sukabumi takes 2.02 months to return the investment value. This value indicates that the investment return period of this project is relatively short when viewed from the project analysis period, which is 6 months. Business is feasible to run because the payback period is smaller than the present value limit. Keywords: Feasibility, Financial Aspects of Payback Period
Impact of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership on FDI of Agriculture, Forestry and Seafood
Authors: Nguyen V.C.
Published: April 2020

Vietnam has officially joined the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP); the agreement is expected to have positive effects on attracting FDI and increasing investment in the agriculture, forestry and seafood and rural economic development, where has nearly 40% workforce in Vietnam.
Design for additive manufacturing - effects of part orientation, printer selection, and infill density on mechanical properties and production cost
Authors: Chen Ruiqi , Baich Liseli , Lauer James , Senesky Debbie G. , Manogharan Guha
Published: April 2020

This original work investigates the influence of infill design, printer selection, and part orientation on the mechanical properties and production cost of parts fabricated using material extrusion additive manufacturing systems. Flexural test specimens are fabricated in both production-grade (Fortus 250mc) and entry-level (MakerBot Replicator 2X) material extrusion systems with varying infill densities (1 mm to 10 mm spacing between rasters). In addition, solid infill specimens are printed in three orientations to establish baseline mechanical stiffness and strength. Finite element simulations and a simplified analytical model based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory are developed. Results show reasonable agreement between analytical, simulation, and experimental results; 10-20% and 10-40% deviation for production-grade and entry-level specimens specimens, respectively. There is a 40% reduction in stiffness and strength between the solid XY specimen and 1 mm infill specimen. As infill density is further decreased, stiffness and strength asymptotically reduces by 60-70% when compared to solid specimens. This effect is more pronounced in specimens fabricated using entry-level printers, which indicates that printer selection plays a role in printing highly sparse parts. Cost analysis suggests that up to 40% savings can be achieved with highly sparse structures. However, for structural parts, it is recommended that parts be printed with solid infill and with the loading direction aligned in the XY plane to achieve high stiffness, high strength, and reasonable cost. Findings from this study show that there is minimal cost savings but high reduction in mechanical stiffness and strength when sparse infills are used in both production-grade and entry-level printers. Hence, it is recommended that solid infill should be used in all regions of parts that carry significant mechanical stress and sparse infill be used solely to support internal geometries and overhangs.
Views and experiences of treatment transition in haemophilia: A scoping review
Authors: Snodgrass Rachel , Araújo-Soares Vera , Arnott Bronia , Rooney Kay-Anne
Published: April 2020

Rationale The present scoping review seeks to gain insight into what is known regarding the transition of treatment responsibility, specifically for individuals with haemophilia. A focus will be placed on the barriers and facilitators experienced towards the treatment transition process for families and young people engaged in prophylaxis therapy. A scoping review affords an opportunity to map out and provide an overview of the emerging literature given the newly emerging enquiry into treatment transition in haemophilia.Objective The current scoping review will aim to address the following research question: “What barriers and facilitators are experienced by young people, caregivers and healthcare professionals towards treatment transition in haemophilia?”The subsequent objectives were identified to address the research question: • To provide a detailed representation of the range of available literature for barriers and facilitators experienced by the array of actors involved, towards treatment transition and successful self-management in haemophilia. • To visually map the existing evidence (in diagrammatic form) in alignment with the objective of the review.• To consider clear recommendations for future directions of research based on the identified knowledge gaps. Recommendations will ultimately seek to support optimal transition from family-orientated to self-management, and paediatric to adult services. Method: Articles published in peer-reviewed journals are eligible for inclusion. Both primary research studies and secondary data analysis will be accepted. No restrictions are placed upon study design. Articles which explored treatment transition independently or alongside other related concepts such as quality of life, self-care and treatment adherence will be eligible. The current review aims to include articles sampling children and/or adults with haemophilia, their caregivers and/or healthcare professionals involved in haemophilia care. Articles sampling individuals living with haemophilia can have a diagnosis of haemophilia A or B. Articles can define “treatment” as regular prophylaxis therapy or on-demand administration following a bleeding episode. Information Sources The following four databases will be searched: •Medline•Scopus•PsycINFO •CINAHLAt this stage, no date or language restrictions have been implemented in the electronic searches for studies to allow an accurate estimate of the variety of literature available. Additionally, no exclusions regarding the publication status have been applied. Data charting aims to include: • Study aim•Healthcare professional group •Barriers to treatment transition•Facilitators to treatment transition•Future actions for supporting treatment transition
Physical activity and sense of coherence: A meta-analysis
Authors: Moyers Susette Alanna , Hagger Martin S
Published: April 2020

The salutogenic model of health proposes that sense of coherence, a multi-dimensional construct representing individuals’ perceptions that their environment is comprehensible, manageable, and meaningful, is a key determinant of stress management and well-being. Generalized resistance resources such as preventive health orientation, material resources, and social support are proposed as determinants of sense of coherence. Health behaviors, particularly physical activity, are proposed as indicators of a preventive health orientation and predictors of sense of coherence. We synthesized research on the relationship between physical activity and sense of coherence using three-level meta-analysis, and tested effects of key moderators of the relationship. Database and manual searches identified 52 studies meeting inclusion criteria with 73 effect sizes testing the relationship. The analysis revealed a small non-zero physical activity-sense of coherence correlation with significant heterogeneity. Demographic variables, version of sense of coherence scale, physical activity measure, study design and quality, physical activity intensity, and time lag did not moderate the correlation. Findings suggest a robust but small correlation between physical activity participation and sense of coherence across studies. Studies that test the relationship using experimental or intervention designs, adopt more precise measures, and include measures of other health behaviors and generalized resistance resources are needed.
The Global Response to COVID-19 as an Example of a One-Sided Problem Definition in the Absence of General Collective Intelligence
Authors: Williams Andy E
Published: April 2020

Problem definitions are defined here as one-sided in the case that while they might take into account one class of negative outcomes, such as those associated with the problem, at the same time they might ignore other classes of negative outcomes, such as those that may be encountered while implementing interventions that try to avoid the problem. An example is amputating all limbs with potentially cancerous moles on them to reduce the risk of mortality due to cancer as much as possible, without considering the increase in mortality due to the amputations. The global response to COVID-19 has been characterized by the availability of mathematical models for the potential mortality due to the spread of the pandemic. However in some cases the researchers guiding the responses of their respective nations with their mathematical models have explicitly pointed out that corresponding mathematical models of the impacts of economic shutdowns or other potential interventions on mortality have not been incorporated, and that there is a critical need to include such models. This paper generalizes this problem of one-sided problem definitions past the COVID-19 response to a wide variety of group problems where the pattern of one-sidedness applies, and explores how in current group decision-making systems one-sided problem definitions might consistently tend to be exploited in a way that is detrimental to collective well-being, as well as how a system of group decision-making meeting the requirements of a General Collective Intelligence solves the problem of one-sidedness to reliably maximize collective well-being.
Comparing Bayesian Posterior Passing with Meta-analysis
Authors: Pritsker Joshua
Published: April 2020

Brand, von der Post, Ounsley, and Morgan (2019) introduced Bayesian posterior passing as an alternative to traditional meta-analyses. In this commentary I relate their procedure to traditional meta-analysis, showing that posterior passing is equivalent to fixed effects meta-analysis. To overcome the limitations of simple posterior passing, I introduce improved posterior passing methods to account for heterogeneity and publication bias. Additionally, practical limitations of posterior passing and the role that it can play in future research are discussed.
Moral Objectivism in Cross-Cultural Perspective
Authors: Beebe James R.
Published: April 2020

Moral psychologists have recently turned their attention to the study of folk metaethical beliefs. We report the results of a cross-cultural study using Chinese, Polish and Ecuadorian participants that seeks to advance this line of investigation. Individuals in all three demographic groups were observed to attribute objectivity to ethical statements in very similar patterns. Differences in participants’ strength of opinion about an issue, the level of societal agreement or disagreement about an issue, and participants’ age were found to significantly affect their inclination to view the truth of an ethical statement as a matter of objective fact. Implications for theorizing about folk morality are discussed.
Using network science and psycholinguistic megastudies to examine the dimensions of phonological similarity
Authors: Castro Nichol , Vitevitch Michael
Published: April 2020

We used the tools of network science to examine different dimensions of phonological similarity. Data from a phonological associate task and from an identification of words in noise task were used to create two separate networks. The resulting networks were compared to each other and to a network formed by a computational metric (i.e., one-phoneme metric) widely-used to assess phonological similarity using an information-theoretic approach and a variety of network measures (e.g., small-world structure, scale-free structure, mixing by degree, location of nodes in the network, and community structure). While we found that a network formed by the one-phoneme metric was structurally less similar to the network formed from the phonological associate task and to the network formed from the identification of words in noise task than the latter two were to each other, there were also several common network structure features between the one-phoneme metric network and the phonological association network. We then compared the influence of degree (equivalent to neighborhood density) from each of the networks on behavioral data, namely reaction time on visual and auditory lexical decision tasks, obtained from two psycholinguistic megastudies to provide behavioral evidence for differences in network structures. We found that the effect of degree differed across network types and tasks. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each approach to determining phonological similarity, the implications of using each approach, and a possible direction forward for language research through the use of multiplex networks.
When implicit prosociality trumps selfishness: the neural valuation system underpins more optimal choices when learning to avoid harm to others than to oneself
Authors: Lengersdorff Lukas , Wagner Isabella , Lamm Claus
Published: April 2020

Humans learn quickly which actions cause them harm. As social beings, we also need to learn to avoid actions that hurt others. It is currently unknown if humans are as good at learning to avoid others' harm (prosocial learning) as they are at learning to avoid self-harm (self-relevant learning). Moreover, it remains unclear how the neural mechanisms of prosocial learning differ from those of self-relevant learning. In this fMRI study, 96 male human participants learned to avoid painful stimuli either for themselves or for another individual. We found that participants performed more optimally when learning for the other than for themselves. Computational modeling revealed that this could be explained by an increased sensitivity to subjective values of choice alternatives during prosocial learning. Increased value-sensitivity was further associated with empathic traits. On the neural level, higher value-sensitivity during prosocial learning was associated with stronger engagement of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) during valuation. Moreover, the VMPFC exhibited higher connectivity with the right temporoparietal junction during prosocial, compared to self-relevant, choices. Our results suggest that humans are particularly adept at learning to protect others from harm. This ability appears implemented by neural mechanisms overlapping with those supporting self-relevant learning, but with the additional recruitment of structures associated to the social brain. Our findings contrasts with recent proposals that humans are egocentrically biased when learning to obtain monetary rewards for self or others. Prosocial tendencies may thus trump the egocentric bias in learning when another person's physical integrity is at stake.
Judgments of moral responsibility in tissue donation cases
Authors: Beebe James R.
Published: April 2020

If a person requires an organ or tissue donation to survive, many philosophers argue that whatever moral responsibility a biological relative may have to donate to the person in need will be grounded at least partially, if not entirely, in biological relations the potential donor bears to the recipient. We contend that such views ignore the role that a potential donor’s unique ability to help the person in need plays in underwriting such judgments. If, for example, a sperm donor is judged to have a significant moral responsibility to donate tissue to a child conceived with his sperm, we think this will not be due to the fact that the donor stands in a close biological relationship to the recipient. Rather, we think such judgments will largely be grounded in the presumed unique ability of the sperm donor to help the child due to the compatibility of his tissues and organs with those of the recipient. In this paper, we report the results of two studies designed to investigate the comparative roles that biological relatedness and unique ability play in generating judgments of moral responsibility in tissue donation cases. We found that biologically related individuals are deemed to have a significant moral responsibility to donate tissue only when they are one of a small number of people who have the capacity to help.
Personality adjectives in British and American English from 1800-2010. How to trace back historical trends in personality.
Authors: Steppan Martin
Published: April 2020

Background: Historic shifts in personality cannot easily be quantified, particularly before the existence of standardized personality tests. However, the historical corpus of a language can give insights into how writers of an era described their contemporaries. The archive of Google books can be used to quantify the relative frequency of personality describing adjectives in British and American English at least since 1800. The aim of the study is to describe trends in adjective use over time with respect to the Five Factor Model (FFM) and common personality disorders (PD’s). Methods: A list of 435 English personality adjectives was available for which FFM-factor loadings exist. Google ngram viewer was used to extract the usage of these adjectives over time. Applying the ’prototype’ approach these adjectives are also indicative of common personality disorders. Results: Over time personality adjectives in total have become more frequently used reaching a maximum in the 1970s for American English and the 2000’s for British English. Regardless of this trend, Openness, Conscientiousness and Neuroticism have risen over time in both corpora. In terms of personality disorder prototypes more obsessive-compulsive and narcissistic (particularly for American English) features of personality have become salient during the second half of the 20th Century. Discussion: These results suggest that there are secular trends in personality description over time. The question whether or not the collective of writers accurately describes their contemporaries cannot be answered unequivocally, however the results show trends, which personality characteristics mattered most to different generations.
Working with Bipolar Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Both Crisis and Opportunity
Authors: Youngstrom Eric Arden , Hinshaw Stephen P. , Stefana Alberto , Chen Jun , Michael Kurt , Van Meter Anna , Maxwell Victoria , Michalak Erin E. , Choplin Emma Grace , Smith Logan Thomas , Vincent Caroline , Loeb Avery , Vieta Eduard
Published: April 2020

Beyond public health and economic costs, the COVID-19 pandemic adds strain, disrupts daily routines, and complicates mental health and medical service delivery for those with mental health and medical conditions. Bipolar disorder can increase vulnerability to infection; it can also enhance stress, complicate treatment, and heighten interpersonal stigma. Yet there are successes when people proactively improve social connections, prioritize self-care, and learn to effectively use mobile and telehealth.
A Contextual Planning Tool for Self-Caring Behaviors
Authors: Spiker Shane T.
Published: April 2020

The factors that influence self-caring behaviors vary greatly based on contextual variables for the organism. This is made more apparent during the COVID-19 crisis, where behavioral priorities shift and basic needs require more attention. This paper discusses some basic factors that influence behavior and may alter how one may prioritize responses within specific contexts. Provided within this paper is a draft contextual planning tool that may serve to highlight some of the unique responses and areas of self-care that are identified as valuable to the planner.
Social modulation of on-screen looking behaviour
Authors: Dosso Jill A. , Anderson Nicola C , Wahn Basil , Choi Gini , Kingstone Alan
Published: April 2020

While passive social information (e.g. pictures of people) routinely draws one's eyes, our willingness to look at live others is more nuanced. People tend not to stare at strangers and will modify their gaze behaviour to avoid sending undesirable social signals; yet they often continue to monitor others covertly “out of the corner of their eyes.” What this means for looks that are being made near to live others is unknown. Will the eyes be drawn towards the other person, or pushed away? We evaluate changes in two elements of gaze control: image-independent principles guiding how we look (e.g. biases to make eye movements along the cardinal directions) and image-dependent principles guiding what we look at (e.g. a preference for meaningful content within a scene). Participants were asked to freely view semantically unstructured (fractals) and semantically structured (rotated landscape) images, half of which were located in the space near to a live other. We found that eye movements were horizontally displaced away from a visible other starting at 700 msec after stimulus onset when fractals but not landscapes were viewed. These data suggest that the avoidance of looking towards live others extends to the near space around them, at least in the absence of semantically meaningful gaze targets.
Preoccupied and Dismissing Attachment Representations Are Differentially Associated with Anxiety in Adolescence and Adulthood: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dagan Or , Facompré Christopher , Nivison Marissa , Roisman Glenn I. , Bernard Kristin
Published: April 2020

The claim that insecure attachment predisposes individuals to anxiety was put forth by attachment theorists more than 45 years ago, yet evidence of this association has produced mixed results. In a series of meta-analyses (k = 53, N = 4970), we found that individuals with secure and insecure attachment representations did not differ in their reported anxiety symptoms. However, individuals with preoccupied (d = 0.35), but not dismissing attachment representations (d = -0.02), endorsed significantly more anxiety symptoms than secure individuals. Individuals with preoccupied attachment representations also endorsed greater anxiety symptoms than those with dismissing attachment representations (d = 0.31), and this difference was stronger when assessed in high-risk samples than low-risk samples. Unresolved individuals were more anxious than non-unresolved individuals (d = 0.29), but exploratory analysis suggested that secondary preoccupied attachment subtype drove this effect. Results highlight the relevance of attachment representations for prevention and intervention efforts targeting anxiety.
A Multimodal Assessment of Emotion Dysregulation in Young Children with and without ADHD
Authors: Garcia Alexis , Dick Anthony , Graziano Paulo A.
Published: April 2020

Objective: This study utilized a multimodal approach to examine emotion dysregulation (ED) in young children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ADHD + oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and typically developing (TD) children. Methods: We sought to explore if specific domains of ED (emotion regulation [ER], negativity/lability [ERNL], emotion knowledge/understanding [ERU], and callous-unemotional [CU] behaviors) were uniquely associated with diagnostic classifications. The final sample consisted of 152 children (75% boys; mean age = 5.52, SD = .84, 83.4% Latinx) with the following group composition: ADHD- Only (n = 24), ADHD + ODD (n = 54), and TD (n = 74). Results: Higher levels of ADHD and ODD symptoms, measured continuously, were significantly associated with poorer EREG, greater ERNL, and higher levels of reported CU behaviors. There were no significant associations between ADHD or ODD symptoms on ERU. Using discriminant analyses, we found that parent/teacher reported EREG, ERNL, and CU were significant predictors of diagnostic classification. These ED domains correctly identified 84.7% of preschoolers. The model was most successful in classifying children with ADHD+ODD (92.3%) and TD (93.2%) children; however, the ADHD-Only group was correctly identified only 41.7% of the time. Conclusions: This is the first study to 1) examine multiple domains of ED in a clinical sample of preschool children with and without ADHD and 2) explore the clinical utility of considering ED when assessing for ADHD and ODD. Our findings suggest that measures of ED are particularly helpful for correctly diagnosing ADHD and co-occurring ODD but not necessarily children with ADHD-Only.
Transforming Economies and Generating Sustainable “Green” Economic Growth After the COVID-19 Pandemic through General Collective Intelligence
Authors: Williams Andy E
Published: April 2020

The lockdown of economic activity in many countries as a measure to stop the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to high levels of unemployment and other indicators of a potentially upcoming economic crisis. As a gauge of the seriousness of these concerns some have suggested that current levels of some of these indicators have not been seen in the US since the time of the great depression. This paper explores how General Collective Intelligence, a recent innovation in group decision-making systems, might reliably generate the economic growth needed to avert such a crisis where not reliably achievable otherwise. Current group decision-making systems, whether choosing a human decision-maker, consensus voting on decisions, or automated decision-systems such as conventional collective intelligence, have been suggested to lack the capacity to maximize more than a very few group outcomes simultaneously due to specific limitations. Since impact on collective well-being is determined by impact on an open (unbounded) set of outcomes, this implies lack of the capacity to maximize the necessary range of impacts on well-being for groups if that range is too broad. If so, the breadth of impact required to achieve sustainable “green” economic development while simultaneously solving hunger, solving the environmental degradation that consensus has linked to climate change, as well as providing maximal access to healthcare, education, and other resources, may not be reliably possible with current decision systems. General Collective Intelligence or GCI replicates the adaptive problem solving mechanisms by which nature has demonstrated the ability to optimally respond to an unlimited set of problems, and by which nature has demonstrated the ability to potentially increase sustainability per unit of resources by orders of magnitude so that life is reliably self-sustaining. This paper explores why GCI can potentially be used to reliably drive self-sustaining economic growth to revive economies in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, and why GCI has the potential to reliably drive a transformation to sustainable green economies while doing so.
Museum Websites of the First Wave: The rise of the virtual museum
Authors: Gaia Giuliano , Boiano Stefania , Bowen Jonathan P. , Borda Ann
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we analyse trends of the first wave of museum websites (from the 1990s to the early 2000s) to understand how the characteristics of the Internet (specifically the World Wide Web), of museum staff, and museum audiences shaped the adoption of technology and new forms of participation and what they can tell us about engagement for museums of the future. The early development of online museum resources parallels the development of the EVA conference, which was establishing itself at a similar time.