bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital approaches in agriculture crop monitoring
Authors: Barbotkina E , Dunaieva Ie , Popovych V , Pashtetsky V , Terleev V , Mirschel W , Akimov L
Published: December 2021

Implementation of modern technologies for collecting and processing spatial information, primarily Earth remote sensing data, has made it possible to solve a wide range of tasks for specialists in the agricultural industry. The work aim is to assess the state of agricultural crops on the territory of Krymskorozovskoe rural settlement of the Belogorsky district of the Republic of Crimea using materials of Earth remote sensing and modern information technologies. The article reviews the literature on the research topic, studies the most significant works on this theme. The article presents the possibilities of digital information technologies in the framework of solving agricultural problems including creation of maps of fields and database formation, study of the territory relief and the features of its morphological characteristics, prompt identification of changes in agricultural fields, based on the calculation of vegetation indices, with the use of remote sencing; classification and identification of objects by satellite images; forecasting the potential yield of agricultural crops.
Agricultural land use in the post-reform period (2000-2020) in a market economy
Authors: Rogatnev Yu M , Khorechko I V , Veselova M N
Published: December 2021

The formation of agricultural land use adequate to the tasks of the market economy is the most important task of the post-reform period. Agrarian transformations were of a social and political nature and solved the problems of transition from a planned to a market economy. To implement them, we used not the experience of Russia in previous years, but examples from the practice of advanced economies of the European Union. Therefore, the appearance of such a phenomenon as unused land (in general, characteristic of the crisis periods of the market economy) caused a negative perception. The paper considers this problem as an important social and economic phenomenon and suggests ways to solve it. For this purpose, the technology of identifying and detailed study of the state of the land is proposed. The identification of the natural suitability for the cultivation of the main agricultural crops is confirmed by ensuring sufficient efficiency of crop production. Based on the analysis of the conditions of land use (labor, capital and energy supply) and their legal status, the economic feasibility of involving unused plots in economic turnover is established. This will make it possible to make the necessary and reasonable decisions to restore the land and resource potential of agricultural production. To ensure the controlled and systematic implementation of the program to solve the problem, a state-commercial center is being created in the subject of the Federation, which organizes, controls and finances the activities carried out.
The Ways to Improve the Efficiency of Agricultural Enterprises
Authors: Soyunov A , Sabiev U , Golovin A , Prokopov S , Abdylmanova R
Published: December 2021

In the modern world a person strives for an industrial society more and more, accumulating power and trying to enclose them in one machine that would perform several operations in one pass over the field surface. So there are implements performing tillage with application of fertilizers or soil cultivation with simultaneous planting and application of fertilizers. Using such implements allows to reduce costs for further cultivation of crops. However, the stake placed on soil preparation and application of fertilizers can not always give the desired effect without due attention to the seed material and technical maintenance. That is why seedbed preparation, the seed material and machines are the main problems of high technology society.
State of the crop industry of the Republic of Buryatia in the digital age
Authors: Tsybikov B , Bazarova M , Gomboeva A , Zhargalova S
Published: December 2021

Agriculture, crop production, analysis, statistics The aim of the study is to assess the state of the crop industry of the Republic of Buryatia and determine the directions of its. The efficiency of use of land resources, production of the main types of crop production, dynamics of crop yields were analyzed; directions of crop production industry development are determined. When preparing the article, methods were applied: comparison, index, relative and average values, graphic, etc., the empirical base is presented by the publications of the Territorial body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Republic of Buryatia in agriculture, in particular on the crop industry. The results of the study show that the current level of production of crop production does not correspond to the modern needs of the republic. The constraints to the development of the industry are the low level of agricultural culture, frequent droughts, poor technical re-equipment, a small proportion of reclaimed land in the structure of agricultural land and others. Currently, the priority areas in the crop production of Buryatia are the production of feed to meet the needs of the livestock industry and the cultivation of grain crops.
The main results of a cameral inventory of protective forest plantations on agricultural land in the steppe regions of the republic of Crimea
Authors: Kluchkina A , Tabunshchik V
Published: December 2021

The article presents the results of a cameral inventory of protective forest plantations of a linear type for any purpose for the steppe agricultural territories of the Crimean Peninsula in 2009 and 2019. As a result of the work, more than 20 thousand objects were identified, a geodatabase was compiled with a set of attributive information for each of the identified objects, indicating the length and quality characteristics of each object. An overview of the data obtained is presented for each of the diagrams, as well as a comparative analysis of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the identified objects for 2009 and 2019. It was revealed that from 2009 to 2019, 386 objects of the linear type corresponding to the parameters of protective forest plantations in agricultural areas, with a total length of 3.9 thousand were completely destroyed. That is, well-read forest stripes are present in the images for 2009, in the images of 2019 they are already missing.
Analysis of diseases affecting winter and spring forms of Brassica napus L. and Brassica juncea L. in the central zone of the Krasnodar region
Authors: Serdyuk O A , Trubina V S , Gorlova L A
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the research was a comparative evaluation of the disease affection of spring and winter forms of Brassica napus and Brassica juncea on the central zone of the Krasnodar region. Phytosanitary monitoring of diseases was carried out from the seedling stage. In 2011-2020, there were identified the diseases affecting winter and spring crops Brassica napus and Brassica juncea to the same extent: the occurrence frequency of downy mildew and powdery mildew was high, of Alternaria blight – from medium to high, of phytoplasma and bacterial blight – low. Differences are established for Sclerotinia disease, Phoma rot, Fusarium blight, white rust, gray rot. The occurrence frequency of Sclerotinia disease on winter form of Brassica napus and Brassica juncea varied in research years from low to medium, of Phoma rot – from medium to high; on spring forms, these diseases were noted in certain years with the low frequency. Fusarium blight affected only sowings of spring forms of Brassica napus and Brassica juncea with medium and high frequency, except for 2018-2019, when it was low. White rust affected only spring from of Brassica napus, gray rot – only winter forms of Brassica napus and Brassica juncea in certain years with the low frequency.
Regulation of beekeeping as a vector of green economy’s institutional development
Authors: Skvortsova T , Epifanova T , Pasikova T , Shatveryan N
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the article is to study the aspects of beekeeping regulation as a vector as a vector of green economy’s institutional development. To achieve the objectives indicated, the authors analyze the legal status of bees as objects of legal regulation and legal protection; the beekeeping activity and the legal status of beekeepers and their associations; the issues of state regulation of beekeeping activities. In the course of the study the authors applied the systemic and structural-functional methods of scientific knowledge, the comparative legal method, the method of interpreting legal norms, as well as the logical method. As a result of the study, conclusions were drawn about the need to improve the regulation of beekeeping activities both by the norms of the national legislation of Russia and at the level of the CIS countries. A coordinated state policy to support beekeeping activities within the CIS could significantly affect the development of beekeeping in the CIS countries. In this regard, the proposed measures to improve the legal regulation of beekeeping in Russia and to create mechanisms for state support of beekeeping in the CIS countries are proposed as a vector of institutional development of the green economy.
Ecological safety of penitentiary institutions in Russia
Authors: Voroshuk V , Karavae I , Pronin O , Novitskiy S , Frolova E
Published: December 2021

The work is devoted to the issues of ecological safety of production in penitentiary institutions in Russia. The production and economic activity of penitentiary institutions is analyzed from the point of view of its impact on the environment. The main sources of environmental pollution by institutions of the penitentiary system are listed and ways of their solution are proposed. The state and experience of solving problems of environmental safety in different territorial bodies are shown. The question is raised about the work of environmental structures in the activities of the penal system facilities. The authors analyze the powers of the structures under consideration and the problems arising in the implementation of their duties. The main problematic aspects of environmental safety are highlighted, including the absence in penitentiary institutions of Russia in the required means of measuring and monitoring the technical condition of environmental structures and equipment in penal institutions; ineffective operation of the existing treatment facilities due to their deterioration or congestion; presence at the enterprises of the penal system of hazardous waste, including highly toxic; insufficiently productive work on the development of environmental design documentation and obtaining permits for emissions of pollutants into the air, for discharges of untreated wastewater into water bodies, for licensing of hazardous waste management activities. As a result - a large number of sanctions for violation of environmental legislation. As measures to ensure environmental safety in the Russian penitentiary system, the authors, among other things, propose: the development and adoption of an order of the Ministry of Justice regulating environmental safety in the penal system; ensuring the attraction of investments for the timely implementation of environmental protection measures; establishment and organization of sanitary protection zones.
The duty to preserve nature and the environment (on the example of the penitentiary service)
Authors: Yunusov A , Avdeev S , Yunusov S , Yunusov E
Published: December 2021

This study is devoted to defining the essence and disclosing the content of the obligation to preserve nature and the environment using the penitentiary service as an example. Institutions and bodies of the penal system represent a special type of subject of the execution of the obligation due to their high industrial potential, significant scopes of the production sector, as well as participation in the economic and other activities of these organizations of a specific category of citizens – sentenced persons.
Formation of environmental literacy in an educational organization
Authors: Sarbassova S , Abdugalina S , Burganova R , Shaikheslyamova K , Abdrasheva B , Jamaliyeva G , Anzorova S , Vlasenko L
Published: December 2021

Educating ecological literacy and a conscious attitude to the world around us is a long and purposeful process, which is based on the didactic principles of pedagogy and the laws of nature. The problem of the formation of an ecologically cultured and competent personality is now becoming one of the central and significant ones. Environmental literacy consists of such components as environmental knowledge, assessment of the surrounding reality, foreseeing the consequences of human activity in nature, studying all methods of competent nature management and striving for environmental protection. Thus, environmental literacy is a product of environmental education and upbringing. The direct formation of environmental literacy occurs in the process of the purposeful influence of the teacher. An ecologically developing environment in an educational organization should contribute to the development of the student’s cognitive activity, broadening his horizons, ecological and aesthetic development, and the formation of a holistic picture of the world.
The importance of environmental programs in the universities
Authors: Goncharov V , Kolosova O , Kuleshin M , Tronina L , Berkovsky V , Ivashova V
Published: December 2021

The article provides the study on the details of the value model of modern graduates of environmental programs of the university. The authors substantiated the relevance of theoretical analysis and empirical research of the value profile of graduates of environmental programs of the university. Empirical data is from a questionnaire survey of 329 graduates of environmental programs from universities in the South of Russia, training in this area. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using the SPSS program (version 21). Conclusions are made showing the typology of value models that have developed at the present time among this category of young specialists. We proposed the directions of further research of the process of forming the values of graduates of environmental programs during the period of study at the university.
Genetic identity of mint cultivars after in vitro conservation, assessed by ISSR primers
Authors: Zagorskaya M S , Abdurashytov S F
Published: December 2021

The species of the genus Mentha have been known since ancient times and have significant value in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries, as well as in medicine. For the widespread use of mint, including in a variety of breeding programs, and the preservation of genetic diversity, effective methods of maintaining cultivars and collection samples are required. Thanks to the development of biotechnological methods, in particular, the creation of slow-growing collections, are now actively used as an effective alternative to field collections. It is known that the cultivation of tissues and organs on artificial culture media can cause somaclonal variability. The purpose of this work is to study the effect of in vitro storage at 4-6°C without illumination after 3 and 4 in vitro conservation cycles on the genetic stability of three cultivars of mint Azhurnaya, Bergamotnaya and Zagrava using ISSR primers. 1 cycle: 1 year of in vitro conservation, microcutting and 2 subcultures of regrowth in a culture room. After conservation, the number of viable explants was 70.0-82.1%. Callus formation at the base of the shoots was not observed in any of the cultivars. After 3 and 4 cycles of in vitro conservation, genetic stability was assessed using 11 ISSR primers. It was found that all three mint genotypes showed full compliance (length and number of amplicons) with the profiles of control samples for all studied markers. It was also found that the markers used by ISSR are highly informative for mint cultivars.
Development of water supply services for the formation of eco-friendly city environment
Authors: Mottaeva A
Published: December 2021

The study of possibilities of the improvement of services of water supply of the services on the basis of the principles of resource-saving is the objective of this research. The authors analyzed the general trends, features and problems of providing the population with drinking water in the cities. The authors consider it expedient to use the classification of the water, used in the fleet, but also to correct it for houses. Some actions for management of the decrease in volumes of water consumption by the population were offered on the basis of this classification. The possibility of implementation of systems of water reuse in the course of rendering services of water supply to the population were technically and are economically proved. The perspective directions of the development of services of water supply of the city population were proved economically. The results and offers which are contained in this article can be useful for the authorities when developing city-planning projects, for employees of housing-and-municipal services, services responsible for ecological wellbeing in the cities, and for other specialists.
Monitoring of the condition and use of land in settlements (on the example of the city of Tchaikovsky, Perm Krai)
Authors: Simakova T , Simakov A
Published: December 2021

The paper presents a methodology for monitoring the lands of settlements, analyzes the state of the lands of the city of Tchaikovsky by qualitative and quantitative indicators, evaluates the assessment of the actual state of the lands of the city of Tchaikovsky, and develops a set of measures aimed at the rational use of the lands of the city of Tchaikovsky. The calculations carried out on the level of development and intensity of use of the territory over the past 10 years have allowed us to establish that, over the past 7 years, this indicator has hardly changed in the territory of the city of Tchaikovsky, only 1%. According to the results of a qualitative assessment of the state of the land, it was noted that the humus content in the soils is very low: no more than 3%, in heavy varieties, less than 2% - in light ones. Due to the small capacity of the humus horizon, it is completely involved in the arable layer, so it is reduced on the slopes as a result of water erosion. 35.5% of farmlands with a predominance of a weak degree of water erosion are subject to erosion processes. As a result of the assessment of damage from the manifestation of degradation processes, the amount of 60595 thousand rubles was established. As a result of the landscape and ecological zoning of the city territory, violations of the land use regimes within the boundaries of the established zones were established. Based on the comprehensive analysis, measures have been developed aimed at reducing the negative impact of enterprises and degradation processes. A set of measures to stabilize the state of the lands of the studied settlements is proposed.
Arrangement features of the ecological settlement in the Baikal natural territory
Authors: Bykasova V , Kolodin K
Published: December 2021

The article reviews one of the types of ecological tourism – ecological settlement, its history, advantages and disadvantages. The domestic experience of ecological settlement engineering according to the criteria was analyzed, as well as the experience of existing settlements in the Baikal Natural Territory. The generally accepted scheme of ecological settlement arrangement cannot be implemented in its original form, since each site has its own features. Lake Baikal and its adjacent territories are UNESCO sites, have difficult climatic, geomorphological, landscape conditions, etc. The relevance of ecological settlement arrangement in this territory has been proved. As a result of the analyzes, a scheme of ecological settlement arrangement in the BNT was created. The results obtained allow us to conclude that it is possible to expand the field of research and search for new models. Cluster-based ecological settlements can serve as one of the directions for development. However, one of the most effective ways to check the results is the actual ecological settlement arrangement in the BNT with subsequent study during construction and operation.
Developing of natural gas transportation of Central Asia and its geopolitical and geo-economic aspects
Authors: Khodjaeva S , Musaev M , Rasulev A , Turaeva M
Published: December 2021

The gas transportation of Central Asian countries has been traditionally main part of their economic sector, because of geographical location and natural resources. Geographical and geopolitical Central Asia has significant commercial and political consequences across the region, and there gas production and export potential of the key Central Asia plays key role of gas transportation sector. Central Asian located in the centre of Eurasian continent and its transportation gas sector has very less implications in the global marketplace. Nowadays, geo-strategic role of this region is very low on global energy market. Central Asia is an important region of the Eurasian continent, touching Asia in the East and Europe in the West. The region is rich in oil, gas, gold, uranium ore and other underground minerals, and occupies an important geopolitical and strategic position, in which historically interests converged and intertwined diverse forces. This region surrounded by the giant powers Russia and China is still and strongly influenced by the unstable situation in the Middle East, Afghanistan, Pakistan and other adjacent regions. In addition, in the context of the expected increase in demand for energy resources in China, India and other Asian countries, reliable supplies of oil and natural gas from the Central Asian region contribute to the stabilization of the international energy market, in connection with which the importance of this region in terms of providing energy security.
Results of compact facility work with anaerobic treatment of highly concentrated runoffs
Authors: Ambrosova Galina , Kruglikova Anastasiia
Published: December 2021

This scientific work is devoted to the results of the local treatment facilities’ work for food enterprises sewerage. The complex under consideration is intended for the anaerobic processing of whey, formed during fermented milk production. Whey is one of the specific organic substances, which main component is lactose (sucrose). It is converted under anaerobic conditions into lactic acid, which is a metabolic dead end. The capacity can be used as a homogenizing tank, obtained in this way. In the future, it is proposed to increase the homogenizer volume to 100 m3. It is recommended to use ammonium hydroxide or sulfate to ensure the required ratio between COD and biogenic element (nitrogen) in the loaded whey. Possible biogenic additives can be sewage sludge or slurry. The experience of adjustment was shown that slurry from cattle farms was quite simple, inexpensive and quite effective. Slurry can be injected in 3-4 m3 every 2-3 days. The stability of pH values in the bioreactor can be ensured by the correct placement of sensors for monitoring this indicator and by changing the method of alkali introduction. It is recommended to install pH control sensors at the bottom of the bioreactor, instead of whey loading pipeline. In order to provide for fractional injection of alkali, we should introduce part of the alkali at the homogenization stage, and part directly into the bioreactor. For an unimpeded build-up of anaerobic biomass, it is recommended to replace the centrifuge thickener operating with flocculant with the classic version of thickening in a compactor without flocculant adding.
Experience in using phyto-structures for tertiary treatment of urban wastewater
Authors: Dolzhenko Lidia , Yudina Natalia
Published: December 2021

This paper considers the experimental biocenosis development for tertiary wastewater treatment with respect to the climate features of South of Russia. The plant species with advantaged biotechnical characteristics that acceptable for steppe environment are described. The growing season productivity of the highest aquatic vegetation for the phyto-structures first year exploitation is determined. The quantitative statistics for indicative microorganism populations is calculated. The data obtained allows to measure the ecological effectiveness of wastewater treating phyto-system and to develop a cheap and recyclable biocenosis for the inhabited localities with temperate continental climate.
Recycling of solid and liquid concrete production components
Authors: Yavruyan Kh , Gaishun E , Dementieva E , Filippova A , Staritskiy E , Shahaliev S
Published: December 2021

The article includes the results of research of several methods of recycling of solid and liquid concrete production components. Recycled raw materials help to reduce costs in transportation and can help to reduce construction waste. The article describes two particular installations for recycling of solid and liquid concrete products.
Investigation of the possibilities of dewatering sewage sludge by the method of electroosmosis in order to prevent land littering
Authors: Kholudeneva A O
Published: December 2021

Wastewater sludge from industrial enterprises is disposed of at disposal sites. This leads to a negative impact on the soil cover. The well-known methods of dehydration of moisture-containing materials have been studied. The chemical composition of sewage sludge was investigated. A technical solution for reducing the volume of wastewater sludge formation is considered on the example of cardboard and paper production. An electroosmotic installation is proposed. To study the process of sludge dewatering, a series of experiments was carried out on the installation with variable parameters of the voltage between the electrodes. A model of the particle velocity in the medium under study was presented. It has been proven that with the help of an electroosmotic device, up to 70% of moisture is effectively removed from the volume of waste sludge waste. This makes it possible to significantly reduce their volumes, reduce areas for possible or temporary placement and reduce the environmental load on the environment.
Basic criteria for the formation of use-restricted zones in general system of territorial planning
Authors: Tikhonova K V , Kalinichenko E O , Kalinichenko A O , Geydor V S , Tikhonov D A
Published: December 2021

One of the areas of land management in territorial formations is the establishment of a special legal regime for their use. The main purpose of this research is precisely the comprehensive analysis of legal and social environment in order to create special-condition zones for the use of territories. Deductive, inductive, analytical, comparative legal and other scientific methods have been applied. This article identified a diversified nature that regulates the process of establishing zones under consideration and, besides, specifics of their parameters and restrictions to be imposed. The documentation setting out such parameters for each zone to be established was examined, and the interrelation between the features of the objects and the configuration of their protection zones was established. The greatest emphasis was placed on differentiating the conditions for the formation zones in two ways: in the process of integrated development of territories and in the creation of conditions for the protection of those sites that are already in use. As a result, it was revealed how the establishment of special-condition zones for the use of territories influences the content of urban planning documentation. In the first case, such a procedure is carried out during the planning phase of allocation of engineering and transport infrastructure. In the second case, zoning is carried out in order to bring the legal regime of previously commissioned infrastructure elements or natural and historical-cultural sites into compliance with current legal norms. However, in both cases there is an inextricable link to the territorial planning system.
The accounting method of secrecy properties of image in remote sensing of the Earth
Authors: Khramov V S , Kramarov S A , Belyaev A R , Golubenko E , Grebenyuk E
Published: December 2021

Among the many ways of representing and processing space information, polygonal ones are not so often found, although polygons, as geometric means of describing spatial information objects, are very common in wide internet content. In computer games, design, even in fine art and many other applications, the polygonal description of such objects is not only widely present, but also received from developers, both theory and practical implementation, a fairly wide set of mathematical and software tools. In this article, it is proposed to extend some well-proven developments in the analysis and transformation of computer images to real digitized satellite images, as well as to use combinations of satellite processing methods and polygonal methods which are characteristic for virtual reality conditions. In addition, the paper provides approaches for detecting hidden and being hidden artifacts – information bookmarks. The definitions of the main directions of intel-latency are given, as an important property of complex images of the Earth’s surface obtained during space monitoring of problem-oriented territories. A variant of the classification of the types of manifestation of this property is given, as well as its description in the language of soft models.
Some features of the formation of the oxidation zone of the Kokpatas ore field in Uzbekistan
Authors: Ishbobaev T , Tangirov A , Khalilov A , Muratova M
Published: December 2021

Our article discusses the materials obtained by the authors in the study of the oxidation zone and primary ores of various deposits of the Kokpatassky ore field. The obtained research results confirm that the predominant part of gold remains in minerals replacing sulfides (pyrite, arsenopyrite) with the preservation of gold and its characteristic satellites in the oxidation products of sulfides (hedrogoethite, goethite and scorodite). Native gold belongs to fine and small size classes. The main concentrators of native gold are quartz, carbonate and oxidized forms of sulfides. Often, together with gold, arsenopyrite, scorodite, tetrahedrite, acanthite, electrums are noted.
Stratigraphic-lithological factors of the location of gold mineralization in the central part of the Bukantau Mountains in Uzbekistan
Authors: Tangirov A , Ishboboev T , Urunov B
Published: December 2021

The leading role in the placement of gold mineralization in the Bukantau mountains belongs to structural and lithological factors. For gold-ore and gold-silver occurrences, sandy-shale strata of the flyschoid and olistostrome formations are favorable, then, rocks of the volcanogenic-dolomite-siliceous formation and then the carbonate formation (Okzhetpes type). The leading types of near-ore hydrothermal alteration of the host rocks in the studied deposits are silicification and, to a lesser extent, carbonatization and sericitization. They are accompanied by chloritization, biotitization, argillization, etc. Gold ore deposits and ore occurrences of sulfide-disseminated ores are confined mainly to the deposits of the Karashakh suite of the Middle Carboniferous (C2b + m1 kr). Moreover, gold-sulfide mineralization in the rocks of the Karashakh Formation is unevenly distributed.
Calculation of tectonic stresses in the earth’s crust of SouthWestern Uzbekistan
Authors: Markov A , Kazakov A , Haqberdiyev M , Muhitdinov Sh , Rahimova M
Published: December 2021

In this article, based on accounting, the interaction of the Earth’s crust blocks is limited by the deep breaks in the form of three-layer panels. The analysis dependences for tectonic pressure on elasticity parameters and the Earth’s crust layers capacity were obtained using the hypothesis of linear changes of deformations on the height of panels and the elasticity for bottom layers of the Earth’s crust. This paper considers the elastic interaction of crustal blocks bounded by deep faults in the form of three-layer panels. Using the hypothesis of linear measurement of deformations along with the height of the board and the elastic limit for the lower layer of the Earth’s crust, calculated dependences for tectonic stresses on the elasticity and thickness of the layers of the Earth’s crust are obtained.
Investigation of the width of the entry of an excavator when loading a mobile crushing plant in the conditions of the Angren coal mine of Uzbekistan
Authors: Bulatov G , Annakulov T
Published: December 2021

This article presents the results of studies to establish the optimal entry width for an excavator working in conjunction with mobile crushing plants in the development of overburden of the Angren open pit. According to the results of the research, an analytical relationship was established to determine the maximum productivity of the mining system “excavator-mobile crushing-reloading-conveyor complex” with cyclical-flow technology. A structural diagram has been developed that allows you to select the type and determine the main technological parameters of the equipment with the selected criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the complexes. It has been established that the choice of equipment for conveyor lines should be carried out taking into account the mutual influence of adjacent technological links of the central heating systems, including the influence of the excavator-crushing and crushing-conveyor complexes on the efficiency of their mutual functioning within the framework of the adopted system as a whole. A functional graphical dependence of the excavator performance on the face width was obtained, taking into account the relationship of all technological parameters of the face. It has been established that the maximum excavator productivity of 1478.1 m3/hr is achieved with an excavator entry width of 17.4 m for the conditions of the Angren open pit. The resulting schedule makes it possible to assess the possibility of increasing the operational performance of single-bucket shovel excavators under various conditions of work, as well as to continue the optimization of excavation.
Seasonal patterns of steppe landscapes functioning of the Karadag nature reserve
Authors: Drygval A , Drygval P , Gorbunov R , Lapchenko V
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the study of steppe landscapes functioning of the Karadag nature reserve for the period of 6 years (2014-2019). The article uses a methodical approach to the assessment of intraday states of weather conditions to diagnose the nature of the steppe landscapes functioning. As results of the steppe landscapes functioning during the whole year the categories “development”, “destruction” both prerequisites and results of landscapes’ functioning, “accumulation” of prerequisites of landscapes development, and also mixed categories are distinguished. In general, the considered territory in the period from 2014 to 2019 is characterized by 85 variations of weather types. Considering of the steppe landscapes functioning in separate seasons, it is noted that, relatively alternating among them, in the winter period dominate the process of functioning prerequisites accumulation of steppe landscapes, and the process of prerequisites and results destruction of steppe landscapes functioning. The accumulation process is noted as the main result of steppe landscapes functioning in the spring season. It is dominant and fluctuates within 62.8 % and 96/8 % of the total number of functioning processes in steppe landscapes. The main result of functioning revealed in the summer season is development. It accounts for 63.2% (in 2014) to 99.9% (in 2015) of the diagnostic signs exhibited in steppe landscapes. In the autumn season the destruction process prevails, in a complex with parallel processes of various results of the steppe landscapes functioning.
Dynamics of processing of the Novosibirsk reservoir banks
Authors: Pilipenko Tatayna , Enaki Ekaterina , Belyaeva Victoria , Kofeeva Vera
Published: December 2021

Development of territories from ancient times implied the presence of the most important component of life for all mankind: water. Man has always used the attractiveness of coastal living, which is associated not only with aesthetic perception, but also with production needs and quality standard of living. Thus, with the increase in human needs for water, the development of energy, transport, agricultural infrastructure, and the development of territories on the banks of rivers, lakes and seas increased. The creation of hydroelectric power plants became a powerful impetus in the development of energy in the XX century. Some of them were built as a result of the complex construction of a hydroelectric complex on flat rivers. After the creation of large reservoirs, the reformation of the shores invariably takes place. The city of Novosibirsk is the third largest city in Russia and it is quite natural that every year there is a population growth associated with the migration of residents from the nearby regions, Altai and Trans-Baikal Territories, and the northern regions of our country. The purpose of this work is to assess the current state of the banks of the Novosibirsk Reservoir and to predict shoreline reshaping. As a result of the work performed, data were obtained on the reformation of the coastline and the coastal destruction. The analysis was carried out at intervals of 50 years. The obtained materials are used and can be used to coordinate the placement of construction objects, allocation of land and preservation of land in the used territory, allotted for any type of use.
The Effects of Carbon Dioxide Concentration on Residents in the Area of a Cement Plant in Perak, Malaysia
Authors: Rau Jagadish , Sanmargaraja Shalini , Lun Loh Ming , Ponniah Vignes , Kanniyapan Gunavathy
Published: December 2021

Nowadays, concrete is used extensively in construction. The cement factory must generate massive amounts of cement each year in order to deliver enough concrete. Carbon dioxide emitted during the cement manufacturing and raw materials transportation processes contributes to air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, deteriorating air and water quality and posing health risks to residents. Hence, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of carbon dioxide absorption on local residents and their buildings. Therefore, the objectives of this paper are to determine the influence of carbon dioxide absorption on local residents’ health as well as the consequences on structures. A total of 375 questionnaires were distributed throughout the Perak cities of Kampar, Malim Nawar, and Kota Bharu. This research were conducted in Malaysia in 2019. It was decided to adopt convenience sampling. This paper’s findings are separated into two (2) sections: effects on local residents’ health, structures, and environment. According to the Pearson Correlation data, there are several dead cases, as well as locals suffering from cancer and other respiratory problems. The concrete, timber, and metal frames, as well as other faults on the door and windows, have all deteriorated significantly. To preserve human health and the environment, the government should tighten the rule on pollution discharge compliance, and all plant owners should be accountable for building a buffer zone and installing industrial air filters surrounding their factories.
Development of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics for Simulation of Flow and Contaminant Transport on Natural Urban Terrain and Streams
Authors: Lye Xin Yan , Nakayama Akihiko , Nizamani Zafarullah
Published: December 2021

Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method is proposed, as an alternative mesh-free approach to model all components of rainfall, surface runoff, fluid flow and contaminant transport with the representation of contaminant and fluid, as particles. By doing so, contaminant particles can be traced for the motion within runoff or fluid flow, even in the form of minute concentration which is difficult to render in conventional Eulerian grid methods. Weakly compressible SPH (WCSPH) is selected with cubic spline kernel, and the incorporation of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) representing turbulence effect. Various SPH diffusion formulations have been reviewed and selected. The selected SPH formulation for contaminant concentration is validated against analytical diffusion equation with boundary conditions of solid wall or free surface. The validated method is applied to calculate the overland flow and the contaminant transport on a model terrain and a real terrain geometry. The real terrain is a part of the city of Teluk Intan in Perak, Malaysia and is simulated using digital elevation model (DEM) data retrieved from Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Global Water Body Dataset (ASTWBD) for ground elevation and channel surface.
Investigation and comparison of pulsed laser deposited binary ZnO/MoO3 and ZnO/TiO2 thin films as gate dielectric sensing membranes for pH-ISFET application
Authors: Cyril Robinson Azariah J. , Bhaskar Rao Y. , Adarsh Rag S. , Rajesh S.
Published: December 2021

The research work aims to investigate and compare the pulsed laser deposited binary ZnO/MoO3 and ZnO/TiO2 thin films as gate dielectric insulator sensing membranes for pH-ISFET application. The thin films were deposited using pulsed laser deposition as deposited temperature and deposited at 923 K. The films were characterized using SEM, XRD and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. For the statistical analysis, the sample sizes were calculated with a pretest power of 80% and an error rate of 0.05. The capacitance of the pulsed laser deposited thin films of the binary ZnO/MoO3 and ZnO/TiO2 as gate dielectric insulator sensing membranes were compared with a total sample size of 122. The SEM results shows the uniform arrangement of the nanostructures. The XRD reveals the amorphous nature of both the thin films. The experimental results obtained for the binary ZnO/MoO3 and ZnO/TiO2 provided stack capacitance with a significance value of 0.0001 (p less than 0.05). Pulsed laser deposited binary ZnO/TiO2 thin films as gate dielectric insulator sensing membranes for pH-ISFET application shows significantly better than binary ZnO/MoO3.
Enhancing the sensitivity of a BIOFET by varying the oxide thickness and nanowire length for water sensing application
Authors: Yakkala Bhaskarrao , Azariah Cyril Robinson , Narendran S , Sivagami A
Published: December 2021

BIOFET is a device which changes the electrostatic potential due to binding of an analyte. Nanotechnology plays a vital role in Biosensor field-effect transistor (BIOFET) by incorporating the Nanowire in the structure. The aim of the project is to improve the sensitivity of a BIOFET by varying the oxide thickness, nanowire length and radius. The sensitivity and Debye length was calculated. The obtained results were analysed and compared by using the SPSS tool.
An Empirical Evaluation of Factors Influencing the Choice of Mode for Transportation in Higher Education Institution using Analytic Hierarchy Process Model
Authors: Karunanithy Degeras D , Suliman Khairul Rizuan
Published: December 2021

A sustainable atmosphere is crucial in developing a conducive environment for excellent education. Mode of transport to be utilized for travelling within the campus vicinity is becoming a critical element to support the conducive environment. Majority of current research have evaluated mode of transport in other areas but very limited studies have been made within the higher education institutions context. Hence, the aim of this study is to evaluate the factors that influences the choice for transportation modes in University campus. The six criteria’s that are considered in this study are distance, cost, travel time, accessibility, reliability and safety. An empirical method is used to evaluate the student’s perception towards the different mode of transport available in the University. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is adopted in determining the relative weights and priorities of the criteria. The model is based on 150 students in Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (Kampar campus) where questionnaires are used to perceive their opinion towards their choice of modes of transportation. The result will provide an important insight for the planner in making decision where AHP method can be used as an applicable tool in accessing and evaluating the choice of mode and ultimately assist the University to become more sustainable.
Water Absorption of Incorporating Sustainable Quarry Dust in Self-Compacting Concrete
Authors: Dyg Siti Quraisyah A A , Kartini K , Hamidah M S
Published: December 2021

In construction industry nowadays, self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a concrete technology innovation which gives more benefits over conventional concrete. SCC was invented to improve concrete durability without using any vibrator while placing it into formwork. In order to conserve natural sand, quarry dust (QD) as a waste and sustainable material has been incorporated to replace fine aggregate in SCC. In this study, conventional concrete and quarry dust in self-compacting concrete (QDSCC) mixes consist of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% QD were prepared. The workability test was conducted to determine the performance of fresh concrete and ensuring all the QDSCC properties follow the acceptance criteria for SCC. Meanwhile, the hardened concrete specimens were water cured for 7, 28 and 60 days to conduct water absorption test. This research aim is to determine water absorption of incorporating sustainable QDSCC. Thus, it resulted that 50% of QDSCC has achieved the lowest water absorption of QDSCC as compared to other dosages. Finally, sustainability in concrete technology can be promoted by incorporating QDSCC.
Effect of Calcination on Shell Powder Catalyst Towards Effectiveness on Catalysing Transesterification of Crude Glycerol to Glycerol Carbonate
Authors: Liew Janice Sheow Tung , Leong Siew Yong , Lo Po Kim
Published: December 2021

Valorisation of crude glycerol has gained much interest in the industry associated with the surplus of crude glycerol caused by the increase usage of biodiesel. Transesterification of crude glycerol using a heterogenous base catalyst is one of the effective ways to utilize the additional glycerol. Seawater clams commonly serve as a food source to us and the waste shells are a source of calcium carbonate that is abundantly available and can be converted into a heterogenous base catalyst for the transesterification process. Therefore, this study focuses on the utilization of catalyst synthesized from a species of seawater clam, Paratapes Undulatus in a transesterification reaction using crude glycerol (C.GLY) as a reactant together with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) to synthesize glycerol carbonate (GLYC). The catalysts are characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Particle Size Analyser (PSA). The product is characterized using Gas Chromatography (GC-FID). The performance of the synthesized shell catalyst with different calcination condition was studied. The reaction using the calcined shell catalyst is carried out at 75°C, molar ratio of 2 and 2wt% of catalyst for 1 hour. The catalyst that has the best performance is the shell catalyst that is calcined for 3h, which give the yield of 54.16%.