bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploration and Practice of Rigid Restraint System of Water Resources at County Level: A case study of Yongkang City
Authors: Chen Suchun , Wang Shiwu , Li Jinxing
Published: June 2021

General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed to take water resources as the maximum rigid restriction, emphasize using water resources as its capacity permits, and actively explore new ways of high-quality development with regional characteristics. Yongkang is a water shortage county in the southern water-rich area. The contradiction between insufficient water supply and rapid economic and social development and continuous improvement of ecological environment is more prominent. In this paper, industrial water users are taken as the key control objects, and the added value of unit water consumption is taken as the rigid constraint index of water resources. It is incorporated into the reform of “heroes per acre” and integrated with the existing water resources management system to design the collaborative promotion mechanism framework of general rigid constraint of water resources. Then, the application practice in Yongkang is carried out, and the responsibilities of various administrative departments are clarified.
Field study on soil collapsibility sensitivity
Authors: Zhang Yao , Guo Shaoqiang , Li Ning , Hu Zaiqiang , Zhao Zhixiang , Xi Yu , Shao Shuai
Published: June 2021

The sensitivity of loess collapsibility is generally considered as the difficulty, speed and size of loess collapsibility after water immersion. It is different from collapsibility of loess, but they are related to each other. In this paper, the time to complete 90% collapsibility and the coefficient of collapsibility are used to evaluate the collapsibility sensitivity of loess and its site. The method is verified by taking the site with excessive collapsibility as an example. The results show that the method can accurately reflect the collapsibility sensitivity of collapsible site, and has certain guiding significance for engineering construction on collapsible site. In addition, the method is simple, scientific, and can be combined with the current specifications, so it is easy to be accepted and promoted by the industry, and is a useful supplement to the existing few researches on loess collapsibility sensitivity.
The Impact of Color Rendering on Visual Fatigue in Interior Zone of Tunnel
Authors: Liu Peng , Dong LiLi , Jiang YingQi
Published: June 2021

Judicious use of lamps is of profound significance to improve the internal traffic safety of tunnels. This study evaluated the effect of LED color on human visual fatigue under mesopic vision category. According to the difference of human eyes’ response to different wavelengths of light radiation, the mesopic vision spectral luminous efficiency curve is applied to the visual fatigue evaluation methods. Taking the critical fusion frequency as the physiological index, the detection experiment of human visual fatigue was carried out in the simulated tunnel environment. The results show that spectrum with high color rendering index has a positive effect on alleviating drivers’ visual fatigue, and is more suitable for tunnel interior lighting.
Research on importing production information into Manufacturing Execution System of Precast Concrete factory based on Building Information Modeling
Authors: Guo Zhenlei , Yang Feihua , Zhang Jiayang , Zhao Weixuan
Published: June 2021

Building Information Modeling in Precast Concrete factory should consider the split design and production as a whole, so we should pay attention to import the production information into MES and achieve enterprise level application. This paper studied two methods of importing production information to Manufacturing Execution System, namely DXF drawing and U file. This paper studied how to match information of DXF drawing with MES’s layer, text information and title bar. This paper also studied the correct format of U file and the information that can be resolved by MES. The feasibility of this two methods was verified through the prefabricated building project “Jin-an Hong Bao 7#”, and the types of prefabricated components, information quality, efficiency and cost of the two methods are compared. Dxf drawing is able to cover all kinds of precast components, easy for new comers to master, but the drawing efficiency is low. Currently, U file only supports composite floor slab, and it has a long training period, but it also has extremely low error rate and extremely high drawing efficiency.PC factory should continue to improve u file, which can greatly improve work efficiency and reduce engineering errors.
Summary of Research on Site Response Analysis
Authors: Cai Jing , Lu Jianqi , Li Shanyou
Published: June 2021

A large number of seismic observation data and macroscopic survey of earthquake damage indicate that soil site may amplify the intensity of ground-motion and thus aggravate the damage to the structures on the soil site[1]. The influence of site response on ground motion is one of the most important topics in earthquake engineering. The methods of predicting the site effects can be divided into two groups with respect to theoretical methods and empirical methods. The theoretical methods of predicting site effects are to analyse the site response to ground motion based on the theory of seismic wave propagation in which the detailed soil information is required. Whereas the empirical methods predicting the site effects by empirical prediction model which is determined using observed seismic data or ground pulsation data. According to whether the reference site is introduced, the empirical methods can be further divided into the reference site method and the non-reference site method. This article introduces in detail the principles, advantages and disadvantages of various methods of analysing site effects, which is of reference value for further research on site ground motion response.
Comparative experimental research on falling ball test method and K30 plate load method on foundation of different structures
Authors: Xue Yingqi , Han Xiaokun , Wang Luwan , Wang Mengjie
Published: June 2021

In highway and railway foundation projects, the mechanical properties of foundation materials are one of the main indicators of construction process control. The elastic modulus of foundation directly affects road surface deflection and must be tested. The falling ball test method and the K30 plate load method are widely used in engineering, In order to explore the relationship between the two methods and guide the engineering application, the falling ball test method and the K30 plate load method are applied to homogeneous materials (homogeneous fine-grained material layers) and layered materials(Old foundation).Through comparative test, we found that there is a strong correlation between the falling ball test method the K30 plate load method in some scenarios,which can be used for mutual reference in engineering experiments.
Case Analysis of Environmental Impact Assessment for Ideological and Political Education
Authors: Zhang Haiying , Shi Hao
Published: June 2021

The section of importance and rules of environmental impact assessment is chosen to analyse ideological and political education, and the three aims are analysed. It involves teaching aims, teaching target analysis, teaching content and data, teaching process and measures, and teaching results. It is concluded that most of the students, after learning of this section, have a relatively good grasp of the 2nd aim, i.e. a good grasp of importance of environmental impact assessment on environment protection and economic development. However, they need more time to set up consciousness of social responsibility and the sense of professional ethics.
Road Performance and Application Analysis of Ultra-Thin Asphalt Coating Mixture with High Elastic Modification
Authors: Wei Jinfen , Yang Xundong , Zhou Qiwei , Wang Huoming , Fang Yunfei
Published: June 2021

A kind of composite modified asphalt with high elasticity was prepared by SBS and high elasticity agent, and the asphalt mixture with easy compactness was applied. The high temperature, low temperature, water stability and fatigue properties of the mixture were evaluated by laboratory tests. The results show that the optimum content of high elasticity agent is about 6% for SBS modified asphalt. The pavement performance of the high-elasticity modified asphalt compacting mixture was improved to a certain extent. Compared with SBS modified asphalt SMA-13, the dynamic stability was increased by 13.5%. The water stability, low temperature crack resistance and fatigue resistance increased by 10.4%, 59.3% and 173%.
Approaches and features of economic efficiency assessment of the infrastructure transport projects
Authors: Filippov Dmitry
Published: June 2021

This article contains an example of the applied application of the DCR 21-83 guidelines. This article contains a description of the grouped components and assessment criteria, in particular, a description of the calculated indicators in the context of internal transport, non-transport and socioeconomic effects arising from capital investments in transport infrastructure facilities. A specific example shows the procedure for assessing and calculating summary economic indicators for groups and for the project as a whole. This shows the possibility of using a rather complicated methodology and its effectiveness as a scientific tool for a comprehensive assessment for solving applied problems in the construction and rehabilitation of transport infrastructure.
The paradoxes of Russian railways’ loan policy
Authors: Dinets Darya A. , Merkulov Anatoly S.
Published: June 2021

Russian Railways is gradually increasing its loan debt, which reflects the general trend of the economy. But, taking into account the objective economic state of railway transport and its low profitability, the increase in the share of borrowed funds reduces the company efficiency. This contradicts the purpose of using the loan, the purpose of which is to increase the return on equity. While analysing the results of the transport industry, we regarded it as an infrastructure industry, whose goal is primarily to provide macroeconomic indicators, and the problems of making profit recede into the background. An important factor in the development of the Russian economy in consideration of its geographical location is the development of transport networks, in which the predominant (at present and in the future) one is railway transport. However, its technical state requires significant modernization, investments far exceeding its own resources. The state, as a sole shareholder of Russian Railways OAO, does not have the necessary financial resources to handle the modernization, so Russian Railways is turning to the capital market, even reducing profitability. Private capital is willing to invest its capital only in separate modernization projects that can provide an acceptable rate of return for them. This explains the borrowing of capital for modernization at a price far exceeding the return on equity. At present, economic losses are expected to be set off by future revenues and mainly by the multiplicative effect of the economic growth of the national economy and the resolution of geopolitical problems. The purpose of the article is to try to explain the loan policy of Russian Railways.
Long-term economic growth and investment: features of the relationship between the North and the Arctic of the Russian Federation
Authors: Kugaevsky Alexander , Dolgunova Anastasiia
Published: June 2021

For the North and the Arctic constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the mechanism for the impact of investments on economic growth is quite specific due to special conditions of investment activities in the North. Investment processes in the northern territories are characterized by “extension” or increased duration of investment cycles, instability, but at the same time inertia. The results of the study reveal that “northerness”, as well as the raw material orientation of the economy, make it difficult to determine the relationship between such indicators as “fixed investment” and “gross regional product”, therefore, for these territories there is often no clear and statistically significant connection. The investment growth models in the strategic planning of the socio-economic development of these regions should be applied with due diligence and broad understanding of all the features and factors of economic growth in the North.
MRGPRX4 in Cholestatic Pruritus
Authors: Yu Huasheng , Wangensteen Kirk , Deng Tong , Li Yulong , Luo Wenqin
Published: June 2021

Pruritus (itch) is a debilitating symptom in liver diseases with cholestasis, which severely affects patients' quality of life. Limited treatment options are available for cholestatic itch, largely due to the incomplete understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. Several factors have been proposed as pruritogens for cholestatic itch, such as bile acids, bilirubin, lysophosphatidic acid, and endogenous opioids. Recently, two research groups independently identified Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X4 (MRGPRX4) as a receptor for bile acids and bilirubin and demonstrated its likely role in cholestatic itch. This discovery not only opens new avenues for understanding the molecular mechanisms in cholestatic itch but provides a promising target for developing novel anti-itch treatments. In this review, we summarize the current theories and knowledge of cholestatic itch, emphasizing MRGPRX4 as a bile acid and bilirubin receptor mediating cholestatic itch in humans. We also discuss some future perspectives in cholestatic itch research.
Phenolic Constituents from the Stems of Morus nigra and their α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities
Authors: Wang Ling-Ling , Xu Liang-Jin , Ma Meng-Jie , Huang Chun-Yue , Wu Tong , Hu Xiao
Published: June 2021

Abstracts

A new sanggenon-type flavanone, nigragenon F (1), together with 11 known compounds, trans-resveratrol (2), (E)-4-isopentenyl-3,5,2′,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene (3), notabilisin E (4), notabilisin A (5), morusin (6), petalopurpurenol (7), 8-geranyl-5,7-dihydroxycoumarin (8), 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (9), 4-ethoxy-2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid (10), 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (11), and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (12), were isolated from the stems of Morus nigra. Compound 10 was a new natural product, compounds 3, 4, 7, and 8 were reported from the Morus genus for the first time. All of the isolated compounds were evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibition activity. Among them, six compounds showed obvious inhibitory effects against α-glucosidase with IC50 values ranging from 1.24 to 19.00 µmol/L.
Discovery of SIPI6473, a New, Potent, and Orally Bioavailable Multikinase Inhibitor for the Treatment of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Gu Xiu , Zhang Zi-Xue , Jiao Min-Ru , Peng Xin-Yan , Li Jian-Qi , Zhang Qing-Wei
Published: June 2021

A novel series of quinazoline derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as multikinase inhibitors. Most of these compounds showed antiproliferation activities of several human cancer cell lines and exhibited inhibition efficacy against the estimated glomerular filtration rate (EGFR) in the nanomolar level. Among those compounds, compound B5 (also named SIPI6473) displayed the maximum effect, and thus was chosen for further study. Our data revealed that B5 inhibited the activity of several kinases (such as EGFR, VEGFR2, and PDGFRα) that contributed to the development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Besides, an in vivo study also showed that B5 inhibited tumor growth without signs of adverse effects in the A549 xenograft model. In conclusion, B5 may represent a new and promising drug for the treatment of NSCLC.
Acute Otitis Media in an Extremely Preterm Infant
Authors: Janwadkar Aashika , Louis Shirley , Nemerofsky Sheri L.
Published: June 2021

There are a limited number of documented cases of acute otitis media (AOM) in preterm infants while hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). We present a case of a former 26 weeks old infant who at 29 weeks, 6 days postmenstrual age presented with acute signs and symptoms of systemic sepsis subsequently found to be secondary to AOM with purulent ear drainage. The patient received a septic evaluation, including urine, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid studies. Treatment included intravenous antibiotics with full resolution of symptoms. AOM in extreme preterm infants is multifactorial, with leading causes that include prematurity, the use of oropharyngeal and nasogastric tube placement and endotracheal intubation, eustachian tube dysfunction, and a distinct immune response. To our knowledge, there is not another published case of AOM of a preterm baby while in the NICU.
Coincidence of Intra-Abdominal Splenosis in a Patient with Advanced Ovarian Cancer: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Braun Tatjana , De Gregorio Amelie , Baumann Lisa , Steinacker Jochen , Janni Wolfgang , De Gregorio Nikolaus
Published: June 2021

Splenosis is a rare disease, which is often discovered incidentally years after surgical procedures on the spleen or traumatic splenic lesions. Through injury of the splenic capsule, splenic cells are able to spread and autoimplant in a fashion similar to the process of metastatic cancer. Here we present the case of a 62-year-old female patient with a palpable tumor of the lower abdomen. Her medical history was unremarkable, except for splenectomy after traumatic splenic lesion in her childhood. Clinical examination and diagnostic imaging raised the suspicion of advanced ovarian cancer, which was further substantiated by the typical presentation of adnexal masses and disseminated peritoneal metastases during the following staging laparotomy. Surprisingly, we also found peritoneal implants macroscopically similar to splenic tissue. Microscopic examination of tissue specimens by intrasurgical frozen section confirmed the diagnosis of intra-abdominal splenosis. The patient then underwent cytoreductive surgery with complete resection of all cancer manifestations, sparing the remaining foci of splenosis to avoid further morbidity. This case demonstrates the rare coincidence of intra-abdominal carcinoma and splenosis, which could lead to intraoperative difficulties by misinterpreting benign splenic tissue. Therefore, splenosis should be considered in patients with medical history of splenic lesions and further diagnostic imaging like Tc-99m-tagged heat-damaged RBC scan could be used for presurgical distinguishing between tumor spread in the abdominal cavity and disseminated splenosis. The presented case report should not only raise awareness for the rare disease splenosis, but also emphasize the need to consider the possibility of simultaneous incidence of benign and malignant intra-abdominal lesions, as to our knowledge this is the first published case of simultaneous peritoneal carcinomatosis and splenosis.
Surgical Approaches in Management of Spinal Tuberculosis
Authors: Kumar Vishal , Salaria Amit Kumar , Aggarwal Aditya , Dhatt Sarvdeep Singh
Published: June 2021

Although the management of spinal tuberculosis (TB) is mainly medical, there are select surgical interventions for the same, especially in the event of complications. However, with multiple choices with regard to approaches and surgical techniques, one is often left with too many options. We, therefore, performed a literature review on the subject with respect to the surgical approaches to control spinal TB. Our aim is to enable the reader to understand the rationale behind various surgical approaches and techniques involved in managing spinal TB.
Hierarchical machine learning framework pushes boundaries of multi-property material discovery
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: June 2021

A generative transfer learning approach allows the hierarchical correlation learning for multiproperty prediction framework to synthesize composition and element-property relationships at multiple scales.
Solar forecasting model focuses on shorter time scales to address irradiance variability
Authors: Frank Jodi Ackerman
Published: June 2021

The model shows how a solar power plant acts as a low-pass filter to minimize smaller cloud effects.
Adaptive fractional order control of doubly fed induction generator based wind energy conversion system under uncertainty
Authors: Delavari Hadi , Sharifi Ali
Published: June 2021

Conventional fossil fuel sources are being reduced and simultaneously became more and more sources of considerable undesirable influences on the environment. In an attempt to expand renewable energy sources, wind energy is playing a significant role. A doubly fed induction generator as an alternative concept of different prevalent generators in wind power industry has a conspicuous efficiency improvement impact. There are nonlinear dynamics and many uncertainties in wind power plants, such as matched and mismatched disturbances and uncertainties of parameters. Designing a convenient controller to address these nonlinearities and uncertainties is a problematic task and has been the topic of much great research. Sliding mode control is a powerful nonlinear high-frequency switching controller, which has been widely applied. In a more specialized scope, combining fractional order calculus with controllers provides more degrees of freedom for responding to the demands of existing fractional dynamics of systems. To this regard, this paper presents an adaptive fractional-order terminal sliding mode controller to extract maximum energy from a wind turbine based doubly fed induction generator, which as the name of the controller implies is adaptive and robust against uncertainties, improves control accuracy, reduces chattering and mechanical stresses, and speeds up response time. A novel and unique sliding surface has been selected for this controller. Lumped uncertainties and switching control signal parameters have been estimated by adaptation laws. Maximized aerodynamic wind energy has been harvested by utilizing the proposed controller for the rotor side converter. The Lyapunov theorem is applied to guarantee the closed-loop system stability. Under normal conditions and in the presence of uncertainty and disturbance, the proposed method has been compared with SMC and a feedback linearization proportional integral controller.
Measurement of the strengths of Be and Pb4Sb by quasi-isentropic compress and release at near 100 GPa
Authors: Fairley J. S. T. , Rothman S. D. , Brown J. L.
Published: June 2021

Ramp-compression experiments have been performed on the “Z” pulsed-power facility to investigate the strengths of Be and lead–antimony alloy. Yield strength and shear stress near peak pressure were obtained from measurements of the sound speed on release and using the Asay self-consistent method. Two S-65 grade Be samples, from batches that showed a significant difference in yield strength at ambient conditions, were found to have near identical yield strengths, which were also in agreement with similar earlier measurements on S-200 grade Be. Yield strength of the Pb4Sb alloy at ∼120 GPa was 1.35 GPa, while a National Ignition Facility experiment by Krygier et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 205701 (2020)] found 3.8 GPa at ∼400 GPa pressure. Our result is intermediate between the ambient value and the one by Krygier et al., but the significantly increased strength is probably not associated with the transition to the high-pressure bcc phase of lead.
Annealing effects on interdiffusion in layered FA-rich perovskite solar cells
Authors: Oyewole D. O. , Koech R. K. , Ichwani R. , Ahmed R. , Hinostroza Tamayo J. , Adeniji S. A. , Cromwell J. , Colin Ulloa E. , Oyewole O. K. , Agyei-Tuffour B. , Titova L. V. , Burnham N. A. , Soboyejo W. O.
Published: June 2021

Annealing is one of the processing methods that are used for the fabrication of defect-free, photoactive perovskite films with compact grains in highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Thus, the annealing temperature is a key parameter for the control of the interdiffusion (of constituent elements) in photoactive films. In this paper, we present the results of a systematic study of the effects of annealing on the interdiffusion of constituent elements in efficient formamidinium-based PSCs. We also explore the effects of annealing-induced interdiffusion on layer microstructures, local strains, and the optoelectronic properties of perovskite films. We observe a dramatic upward diffusion of tin (Sn) and titanium (Ti) from fluorine-doped tin oxide and titanium dioxide (TiO2) to the perovskite films. We also observe a downward diffusion of lead (Pb) and iodine (I) from the perovskite films to the mesoporous layer of the electron transporting layer (ETL), after annealing at temperatures between 100 and 150 °C. The diffused I substitutes for Ti in the ETL, which improves the optoelectronic properties of the films, for annealing temperatures between 100 and 130 °C. The annealing-induced interdiffusion that occurs at higher temperatures (between 140 and 150 °C) results in higher levels of interdiffusion, along with increased local strains that lead to the nucleation of pores and cracks. Finally, the implications of the results are discussed for the design of PSCs with improved photoconversion efficiencies and stability.
Global gyrokinetic simulation of neoclassical ambipolar electric field and its effects on microturbulence in W7-X stellarator
Authors: Fu J. Y. , Nicolau J. H. , Liu P. F. , Wei X. S. , Xiao Y. , Lin Z.
Published: June 2021

Global neoclassical simulations of a model equilibrium of the W7-X stellarator find an ambipolar electric field with either an ion root or an electron root solution depending on the temperature ratio between electrons and ions. The ambipolar electric field is then used as an equilibrium field in the turbulence simulations of ion temperature gradient (ITG) instability. The shear of the ambipolar electric field has modest effects on the ITG linear instability, nonlinear saturation amplitude, and turbulent transport in the ion root case. However, in the electron root case, the ambipolar electric field significantly reduces the linear ITG growth rate, turbulence intensity, and radial correlation length, resulting in an ion heat conductivity comparable to the neoclassical transport level in the strong shear region.
Mobility spectrum analysis on three-dimensional topological insulator BiSbTeSe2
Authors: Wang Jimin , Kurzendorfer Alexander , Chen Lin , Wang Zhiwei , Ando Yoichi , Xu Yang , Miotkowski Ireneusz , Chen Yong P. , Weiss Dieter
Published: June 2021

We conducted mobility spectrum analysis on a high quality three dimensional topological insulator film of BiSbTeSe2 to extract mobility μ and carrier density n. Top and bottom gates were applied to tune the carrier density on top and bottom surfaces independently. At 1.5 K, when the conduction is entirely dominated by the Dirac surface states, we always find two dominant conduction channels (top and bottom surfaces), with μ=500–3000 cm2/(V s) and n on the order of 1012 cm−2. However, at sufficiently high temperature (T=85 K), when the bulk contributes, a third channel with maximum mobility μ ∼ 400 cm2/(V s) and n on the order of 1011–1013 cm−2 opens. Our data show the feasibility of the method to analyze the different conduction channels in a topological insulator, being also promising for other similar material systems.
Multi-junction solar cells paving the way for super high-efficiency
Authors: Yamaguchi Masafumi , Dimroth Frank , Geisz John F. , Ekins-Daukes Nicholas J.
Published: June 2021

In order to realize a clean energy society by using renewable energies, high-performance solar cells are a very attractive proposition. The development of high-performance solar cells offers a promising pathway toward achieving high power per unit cost for many applications. As state-of-the-art of single-junction solar cells are approaching the Shockley–Queisser limit of 32%–33%, an important strategy to raise the efficiency of solar cells further is stacking solar cell materials with different bandgaps to absorb different colors of the solar spectrum. The III–V semiconductor materials provide a relatively convenient system for fabricating multi-junction solar cells providing semiconductor materials that effectively span the solar spectrum as demonstrated by world record efficiencies (39.2% under one-sun and 47.1% under concentration) for six-junction solar cells. This success has inspired attempts to achieve the same with other materials like perovskites for which lower manufacturing costs may be achieved. Recently, Si multi-junction solar cells such as III–V/Si, II–VI/Si, chalcopyrite/Si, and perovskite/Si have become popular and are getting closer to economic competitiveness. Here, we discuss the perspectives of multi-junction solar cells from the viewpoint of efficiency and low-cost potential based on scientific and technological arguments and possible market applications. In addition, this article provides a brief overview of recent developments with respect to III–V multi-junction solar cells, III–V/Si, II–VI/Si, perovskite/Si tandem solar cells, and some new ideas including so-called 3rd generation concepts.
Fabrication and application of bicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsions gels
Authors: Di Vitantonio Giuseppe , Wang Tiancheng , Stebe Kathleen J. , Lee Daeyeon
Published: June 2021

Bicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsion gels (bijels) comprise networks of interpenetrating domains of two immiscible liquids stabilized by nanoparticles jammed at the fluid–fluid interface. Bijels were first reported in simulation, which subsequently spurred experimentalists to develop fabrication approaches including thermal quenching, cosolvent removal, and direct mixing to explore bijels in applications that exploit their unique properties and morphology. Here, we comprehensively review recent developments in bijel fabrication and compare various bijel fabrication techniques. We also share our perspective on potential future directions and applications.
Structural and dynamical properties of dilute gel networks in colloid–polymer mixtures
Authors: Gimperlein M. , Schmiedeberg M.
Published: June 2021

The competition of short-ranged depletion attraction and long-ranged repulsion between colloidal particles in colloid–polymer mixtures leads to the formation of heterogeneous gel-like structures. Our special focus will be on the states where the colloids arrange in thin strands that span the whole system and that we will refer to as dilute gel networks. These states occur at low packing fractions for attractions that are stronger than those at both the binodal line of the equilibrium gas–liquid phase separation and the directed percolation transition line. By using Brownian dynamics simulations, we explore the formation, structure, and aging dynamics of dilute gel networks. The essential connections in a dilute gel network are determined by constructing reduced networks. We compare the observed properties to those of clumpy gels or cluster fluids. Our results demonstrate that both the structure and the (often slow) dynamics of the stable or meta-stable heterogeneous states in colloid–polymer mixtures possess distinct features on various length and time scales and thus are richly diverse.
Phase field study on the effect of substrate elasticity on tip-force-induced domain switching in ferroelectric thin films
Authors: Li Jingyuan , Xiong Weiming , Huang Xiang , Chen Weijin , Zheng Yue
Published: June 2021

Tip-force-induced domain switching in ferroelectrics has recently attracted extensive interest as it provides an alternative switching strategy that might ease the problems brought by electrical switching. From the viewpoint of mechanics, substrate elasticity can largely modify the tip-induced deformation of ferroelectric thin films. However, so far, discussions on the influence of substrate elastic properties on such domain switching still remain exclusive. Here, a phase-field model is employed to study the influence of substrate stiffness on the domain switching in BaTiO3 (BTO) thin films, with the strain and stress distributions in BTO thin films and substrates solved by the finite element method. The results demonstrate that the substrate stiffness and loading modes (i.e., pressing and sliding) have a great influence on the symmetry of strain and stress distributions. The switched domain size is highly dependent on the substrate stiffness and loading modes. The switching is more efficient for thin films on a softer substrate. Moreover, the domain could be switched more effectively by the sliding mode under relatively large forces. Our study thus provides a strategy to increase the mechanical switching efficiency of ferroelectric thin films via tuning the substrate elasticity.
Correlated vibration–solvent effects on the non-Condon exciton spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Zi-Hao , Wang Yao , Xu Rui-Xue , Yan YiJing
Published: June 2021

Excitation energy transfer is crucially involved in a variety of systems. During the process, the non-Condon vibronic coupling and the surrounding solvent interaction may synergetically play important roles. In this work, we study the correlated vibration–solvent influences on the non-Condon exciton spectroscopy. Statistical analysis is elaborated for the overall vibration-plus-solvent environmental effects. Analytic solutions are derived for the linear absorption of monomer systems. General simulations are accurately carried out via the dissipaton-equation-of-motion approach. The resulted spectra in either the linear absorption or strong field regime clearly demonstrate the coherence enhancement due to the synergetic vibration–solvent correlation.
Artificial radio lighting with sources of microwave dynamic chaos
Authors: Dmitriev A. S. , Efremova E. V. , Ryzhov A. I. , Petrosyan M. M. , Itskov V. V.
Published: June 2021

Application of dynamic chaos for the illumination of the surrounding space by artificial incoherent sources of microwave radiation with the purpose of its subsequent observation using special receiving equipment is considered. An incoherent broadband microwave radiation field is provided by “radio light lamps” based on dynamic chaos generators. The radio light is received with specially designed sensitive elements that combine the properties of an envelope detector in communication systems and a radiometer. It is shown that with the help of directional antennas connected to these sensitive elements, it is possible to create receivers with spatial resolution for visualizing a part of the surrounding space in artificial radio light. Radio light images of a room have been obtained. The possibility to detect changes associated with the emergence of new objects on these images is demonstrated.
Phosphorus status and saturation in soils that drain into the Peel Inlet and Harvey Estuary of Western Australia
Authors: Weaver David , Summers Robert
Published: June 2021

The Peel–Harvey estuarine system in Western Australia's south-west is affected by poor water quality, algal blooms, and fish kills. Phosphorus (P) discharge from agricultural activities is the main source of poor water quality. The catchment’s soils are naturally infertile, but P application has increased P fertility. This paper draws on and undertakes a meta-analysis of 20 200 surface (0–10 cm) and profile (to 100 cm depth) soil samples collected in the period 1983–2018. Soil P content was high, with 70% of samples with Colwell P content in excess of agronomic requirements; Production is more likely limited by low soil pH(CaCl2) and low K (92% and 67% of paddocks respectively). Strong P stratification in the soil is evident, particularly topsoil; sandy soils are saturated to depth; and clay soils show signs of P saturation in the topsoil. Management of P in sandy soil near the estuary is a high priority as is P stratification in highly P retentive soil. Soil P stocks increased since clearing compared with uncleared soils (1221 kg ha–1 m–1 and 285–694 kg ha–1 m–1, respectively). Thirteen percent of samples had P content in excess of agronomic requirements in 1983, rising slowly to 69% in 2018. Landholder practices need to be analysed in detail to confirm if this accumulation occurs everywhere or is only confined to actively farmed land.
Trait-based filtering mediates the effects of realistic biodiversity losses on ecosystem functioning
Authors: Wolf Amelia A. , Funk Jennifer L. , Selmants Paul C. , Morozumi Connor N. , Hernández Daniel L. , Pasari Jae R. , Zavaleta Erika S.
Published: June 2021

Significance

We present multiyear results from a realistic biodiversity loss experiment, examining how two key ecosystem functions (productivity and invasion resistance) responded to randomized and realistic (drought-driven) species losses across years with high yearly climatic variation. We show that realistic low-diversity communities do not always have high functioning under the conditions that drove species loss, indicating a disconnect between functional response and effect traits. Our results also suggest that the functional stability of ecosystems experiencing realistic biodiversity declines could be lower than previous studies of randomized species losses have indicated. Understanding how functional traits interact with increasingly variable climatic conditions is critical to predicting ecosystem responses to the concurrent challenges of species loss and climate change.
Decision‐making to stop or continue playing after football injuries ‐ a systematic video analysis of 711 injury situations in amateur football
Authors: Krutsch Volker , Oberhauser Julia , Krutsch Werner , Loose Oliver , Weber Johannes , Kerschbaum Maximilian , Lang Siegmund , Koch Matthias , Alt Volker , Worlicek Michael
Published: June 2021

Scientific injury registration via video analysis is lacking in amateur football. The purpose of this study was to analyse match injury situations with a focus on the decisions made by players and referees after sustaining a football trauma. In a retrospective cohort study, traumatic injuries sustained in any of the 305 matches of the highest amateur level (4th league) in Germany in the 2015–16 season were assessed by means of video analysis and a standardised video protocol. In total, 711 traumatic incidents at 919 different body regions had been recorded. The three most frequently injured body regions were the ankles (34.1%), the head (17.5%) and the knees (17.0%). 90% (n = 156) of head injuries were direct contact injuries, this percentage was significantly higher than that of contact injuries on ankle (68.4%; p < 0.001) or knee (52.6%; p = 0.001). Referees decided on foul play significantly more often in case of knee injuries (57.1%; p = 0.002) or ankle injuries (64.5%; p < 0.001) than in head injuries (39.8%). Only 26.1% of players with a head injury opted for substitution, which was lower than after ankle (27.8%; p = 0.78) and knee injuries (34.0%; p = 0.13). In conclusion, amateur football is associated with a considerable number of injury situations that are followed by match interruptions and the substitution of players. Players and referees decided to continue playing more often after a head injury than after an injury to other body regions. An advanced education programme on the risks and management of head injuries in football is required to prevent long‐term health consequences.
High-precision targeting workflow for volume electron microscopy
Authors: Ronchi Paolo , Mizzon Giulia , Machado Pedro , D’Imprima Edoardo , Best Benedikt T. , Cassella Lucia , Schnorrenberg Sebastian , Montero Marta G. , Jechlinger Martin , Ephrussi Anne , Leptin Maria , Mahamid Julia , Schwab Yannick
Published: June 2021

Cells are 3D objects. Therefore, volume EM (vEM) is often crucial for correct interpretation of ultrastructural data. Today, scanning EM (SEM) methods such as focused ion beam (FIB)–SEM are frequently used for vEM analyses. While they allow automated data acquisition, precise targeting of volumes of interest within a large sample remains challenging. Here, we provide a workflow to target FIB-SEM acquisition of fluorescently labeled cells or subcellular structures with micrometer precision. The strategy relies on fluorescence preservation during sample preparation and targeted trimming guided by confocal maps of the fluorescence signal in the resin block. Laser branding is used to create landmarks on the block surface to position the FIB-SEM acquisition. Using this method, we acquired volumes of specific single cells within large tissues such as 3D cultures of mouse mammary gland organoids, tracheal terminal cells in Drosophila melanogaster larvae, and ovarian follicular cells in adult Drosophila, discovering ultrastructural details that could not be appreciated before.
Oblique interactions between solitons and mean flows in the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation
Authors: Ryskamp S , Hoefer M A , Biondini G
Published: June 2021

The interaction of an oblique line soliton with a one-dimensional dynamic mean flow is analyzed using the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili II (KPII) equation. Building upon previous studies that examined the transmission or trapping of a soliton by a slowly varying rarefaction or oscillatory dispersive shock wave (DSW) in one space and one time dimension, this paper allows for the incident soliton to approach the changing mean flow at a nonzero oblique angle. By deriving invariant quantities of the soliton–mean flow modulation equations—a system of three (1 + 1)-dimensional quasilinear, hyperbolic equations for the soliton and mean flow parameters—and positing the initial configuration as a Riemann problem in the modulation variables, it is possible to derive quantitative predictions regarding the evolution of the line soliton within the mean flow. It is found that the interaction between an oblique soliton and a changing mean flow leads to several novel features not observed in the (1 + 1)-dimensional reduced problem. Many of these interesting dynamics arise from the unique structure of the modulation equations that are nonstrictly hyperbolic, including a well-defined multivalued solution interpreted as a solution of the (2 + 1)-dimensional soliton–mean modulation equations, in which the soliton interacts with the mean flow and then wraps around to interact with it again. Finally, it is shown that the oblique interactions between solitons and DSW solutions for the mean flow give rise to all three possible types of two-soliton solutions of the KPII equation. The analytical findings are quantitatively supported by direct numerical simulations.
Strong Feller property of the magnetohydrodynamics system forced by space–time white noise
Authors: Yamazaki Kazuo
Published: June 2021

The magnetohydrodynamics system forced by space–time white noise has been proposed and investigated by physicists and engineers, although without rigorous mathematical proofs of its solution’s fundamental properties. Applying the theory of regularity structures, we prove its well-posedness and strong Feller property. The proof requires a careful treatment of nonlinear terms which are sensitive to specific components of the solution that is a six-dimensional vector field, of which the first three and the last three are velocity and magnetic fields, respectively.
Quantum speed limit for the maximum coherent state under the squeezed environment*
Authors: Du Kang-Ying , Ma Ya-Jie , Wu Shao-Xiong , Yu Chang-Shui
Published: June 2021

The quantum speed limit time for quantum system under squeezed environment is studied. We consider two typical models, the damped Jaynes–Cummings model and the dephasing model. For the damped Jaynes–Cummings model under squeezed environment, we find that the quantum speed limit time becomes larger with the squeezed parameter r increasing and indicates symmetry about the phase parameter value θ = π. Meanwhile, the quantum speed limit time can also be influenced by the coupling strength between the system and environment. However, the quantum speed limit time for the dephasing model is determined by the dephasing rate and the boundary of acceleration region that interacting with vacuum reservoir can be broken when the squeezed environment parameters are appropriately chosen.
Optimized growth of compensated ferrimagnetic insulator Gd3Fe5O12 with a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy*
Authors: Zhou Heng-An , Cai Li , Xu Teng , Zhao Yonggang , Jiang Wanjun
Published: June 2021

Compensated ferrimagnetic insulators are particularly interesting for enabling functional spintronic, optical, and microwave devices. Among many different garnets, Gd3Fe5O12 (GdIG) is a representative compensated ferrimagnetic insulator. In this paper, we will study the evolution of the surface morphology, the magnetic properties, and the magnetization compensation through changing the following parameters: the annealing temperature, the growth temperature, the annealing duration, and the choice of different single crystalline garnet substrates. Our objective is to find the optimized growth condition of the GdIG films, for the purpose of achieving a strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and a flat surface, together with a small effective damping parameter. Through our experiments, we have found that the surface roughness approaching 0.15 nm can be obtained by choosing the growth temperature around 700 °C, together with an enhanced PMA. We have also found the modulation of magnetic anisotropy by choosing different single crystalline garnet substrates which change the tensile strain to the compressive strain. A measure of the effective magnetic damping parameter (α
eff = 0.04±0.01) through a spin pumping experiment in a GdIG/Pt bilayer is also made. Through optimizing the growth dynamics of GdIG films, our results could be useful for synthesizing garnet films with a PMA, which could be beneficial for the future development of ferrimagnetic spintronics.
Automized Pharmacy Using Face Authentication
Authors: Premkumar J. , Sughasri K. , Preethi Angel , Kavitha E
Published: June 2021

Today’s technological advancements are revolutionizing the way patients receive treatment. Smartphones are no longer only for making phone calls; they can now be used as a series of embedded sensors to build new packages in a number of fields, including healthcare, e-commerce, homecare, social networks, environmental monitoring, transportation, and security. In today’s healthcare systems, the use of mobile devices is becoming increasingly valuable. Furthermore, cellular generation is playing an increasingly important role in chronic disease management, encouraging the elderly and pregnant women to receive timely treatment, expanding service areas, and improving health conditions and scientific system efficiency. Because of advancements in various generation domains, mobile phones are powerful and feature-rich, but they are also expensive. As a result, smart phones with internet connectivity will be commonly used all over the world in the coming years. All types of mobile phones have a user-friendly interface and intuitive operation, allowing them to be used by anyone, including the disabled and elderly patients. With a few tweaks, this device may also be used in hospitals. The problem of 1) remembering to take the prescribed dose on a daily basis is challenging in a busy schedule. 2) It is very difficult to recall the name of the medication to be administered. 3) The patient’s life may become more complicated as a result of the first two factors. These issues arise for all as a result of prescription non-adherence. As a result, there is an increasing demand for in-home healthcare devices and technology to provide patients with electronic resources to help them control their medications.