bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parent Volatile Outgassing Associations in Cometary Nuclei: Synthesizing Rosetta Measurements and Ground-based Observations
Authors: Saki Mohammad , Bodewits Dennis , Bonev Boncho P. , Dello Russo Neil , Luspay-Kuti Adrienn , Noonan John W. , Combi Michael. R. , Shou Yinsi
Published: March 2024

Comets, as remnants of the solar system’s formation, vary in volatile-refractory content. In situ comet studies, such as the Rosetta mission to 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, provide detailed volatile composition insights, while ground-based studies offer broader comet samples but in fewer species. Comparing 67P’s volatile correlations during the 2 yr Rosetta mission with those from remote sensing gives insights into volatile distribution in the nucleus and factors influencing their release. Our goal is to identify associations between volatiles seen from the ground and those in 67P. Given 67P’s seasonal variations, we segmented the Rosetta mission around 67P into six epochs, reflecting different insolation conditions. It has been suggested that there are at least two different ice matrices, H2O and CO2 ice, in which the minor species are embedded in different relative abundances within them. We employed various methodologies to establish associations among volatiles, such as volatile production rates, spatial distributions, patterns in mixing ratio, and local outgassing source locations. We note that different techniques of grouping molecules with respect to H2O and CO2 may yield different results. Earth’s atmosphere blocks CO2; however, due to observed differences between H2O and C2H6 from the ground and between H2O and CO2 from comet missions, C2H6 is suggested to be a CO2 proxy. Our study delves into cometary coma molecular correlations, highlighting their associations with H2O and CO2 matrices and advancing our understanding of the early solar system comet formation and evolution.
First report of the family Ideoroncidae (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones) from China, with description of a new species
Authors: Gao Zhizhong , Zhang Kaiquan , Zhang Feng
Published: March 2024

The pseudoscorpion genus Shravana Chamberlin, 1930, belonging to the family Ideoroncidae Chamberlin, 1930, currently contains 13 species. To date, no ideoroncid species has been recorded from China.

The family Ideoroncidae Chamberlin, 1930 is reported from China for the first time. A new species of the genus Shravana Chamberlin, 1930, collected from Xizang Autonomous Region, China, is described under the name of Shravana zhui Gao & Zhang, sp. nov. on the basis of both sexes. The finding of this new species expands the distribution range of this family in Asia.
A Novel LSB Steganography Technique Using Image Segmentation
Authors: Demircan Yasir Yakup , Ozekes Serhat
Published: March 2024

Steganography is a process to hide data inside a cover file mostly used in media files like image, video, and audio files. Least significant bit (LSB) steganography is a technique where the least significant bits of pixels are used for information hiding. The purpose of using only those bits is to minimize the visual impact of the hidden data on the image file. LSB technique of steganography is one of the most popular forms of steganography available today. As a result, various steganalysis techniques are developed for this steganography technique. One of them is the visual analysis of pixels through pixel modifications to expose hidden data in a visual manner. The proposed method achieves resistance to this attack using an image segmentation model and extracting the most texture-complex areas of an image and hiding information in these specific areas as pseudo-randomized least significant bit replacements. As the outcome of the study, an alternative approach to LSB steganography that results competitively with existing methods is provided. 
An SVR-based and Location-aware Method for Mobile QoS Prediction
Authors: Ren Lifang , Li Jing , Wang Wenjian
Published: March 2024

With the rapid development of intelligent mobile communication technology, the num­ber of mobile services and the number of mobile users are both continuously increasing. So, the services used by a user can only account for a very small proportion of the existing services, which results in a sparse user­service quality of service (QoS) matrix. However, QoS is critical for service selection and service recommendation. Therefore, predicting the unknown values of the sparse QoS matrix is essential. However, due to the sparsity of QoS data, the QoS predic­tion accuracy is difficult to improve. Faced with the problem, this paper intends to utilize the outstanding generalization ability and only support vectors dependent property of support vector regression (SVR) to overcome the difficulty brought by the sparsity of data and predict the un­known QoS more accurately. Moreover, it is evident that in the mobile environment, QoS values are closely related to the locations of the invoking users. Therefore, this paper intends to improve the accuracy of QoS prediction by incorporating not only the information of similar users but also the information of nearby users into feature vectors. On the other hand, the known QoS values of nearby users can be used to roughly estimate the unknown QoS values of the cold­start user, so as to alleviate the cold­start problem to some extent. Thus, a location­aware SVR­based method for QoS prediction (SVR4QP) is proposed. Compared with some classical QoS prediction algorithms, the experimental results show that in 1/3 of the cases, SVR4QP is moderate; in 1/6 of the cases, SVR4QP is suboptimal; and in half of the cases, SVR4QP is optimal. Compared with some novel mobile QoS prediction methods, the experimental results show that in 1/4 of the cases, SVR4QP is moderate; in half of the cases, SVR4QP is suboptimal; and in 1/4 of the cases, SVR4QP is op­timal. All these indicate that SVR4QP has comparatively more accurate mobile QoS prediction.
Synthetic Fracterm Calculus
Authors: Bergstra Jan , Tucker John V.
Published: March 2024

Previously, in [Bergstra and Tucker 2023], we provided a systematic description of elementary arithmetic concerning addition, multiplication, subtraction and division as it is practiced. Called the naive fracterm calculus, it captured a consensus on what ideas and options were widely accepted, rejected or varied according to taste. We contrasted this state of the practical art with a plurality of its formal algebraic and logical axiomatisations, some of which were motivated by computer arithmetic. We identified a significant gap between the wide embrace of the naive fracterm calculus and the narrow precisely defined formalisations. In this paper, we introduce a new intermediate and informal axiomatisation of elementary arithmetic to bridge that gap; it is called the synthetic fracterm calculus. Compared with naive fracterm calculus, the synthetic fracterm calculus is more systematic, resolves several ambiguities and prepares for reasoning underpinned by logic; indeed, it admits direct formalisations, which the naive fracterm calculus does not. The methods of these papers may have wider application, wherever formalisations are needed to analyse and standardise practices.
A review of the semipunctata species group within the genus Lilioceris Reitter, 1913 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Xu Yuan , Qiao Gexia , Liang Hongbin
Published: March 2024

A new species group of Lilioceris Reitter, 1913 is proposed and reviewed, the semipunctata group. It includes eleven species: L. atrilateralis Kimoto & Takizawa, 1973, L. consentanea (Lacordaire, 1845), L. dentifemoralis Long, 1988, L. discrepens (Baly, 1879), L. jianfenglingensis Long, 1988, L. latissima (Pic, 1932), L. lianzhouensis Long, 2000a, L. rondoni Kimoto & Gressitt, 1979, L. rufometallica (Pic, 1923), L. semipunctata (Fabricius, 1801), and L. yuae Long, 2000b. Lilioceris discrepens and L. rondoni were new records from China. Two synonyms are proposed: Lilioceris xinglongensis Long, 1988, syn. nov. of L. consentanea (Lacordaire, 1845), and Crioceris rufimembris Pic, 1921, syn. nov. of L. semipunctata. An identification key, descriptions, habitus photographs, geographic distributions, host plants and habitats (if available), are provided for these species.
Advances in the Psychosocial Treatment of ADHD in Children and Teens
Authors: Gallagher Richard , Wahba Sol
Published: March 2024

Major attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treatment advances have occurred in addressing functional impairments associated with the condition. Work to understand how the core symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity hinder family, school, and social functioning has been conducted. This work has created approaches with proven or promising efficacy in altering the life course of young persons afflicted with this chronic condition. This review describes well-established methods and newly emerging treatments for reducing the impact of ADHD on the home, school, social, and emotional lives of ADHD youth.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2024;54(3):e88–e93.]
Cassia auriculata L.–A mini review of phytochemical compounds and their antidiabetic mechanisms
Authors: Tietel Zipora , Ananth Devanesan Arul , Sivasudha Thilagar , Klipcan Liron
Published: March 2024

Cassia auriculata is an important medicinal herb traditionally used for the treatment and management of diabetes. Scientific research has reported some bioactivities related to traditional roles that include antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic, which could inhibit onset of diabetes. Our aim was twofold: To review the presence of phytochemical compounds in plant extracts and to perform an in-papyro evaluation of their antidiabetic potential. A detailed literature survey was carried out for evaluating metabolic syndrome-related medicinal bioactivities and antidiabetic activity from specific compounds of C. auriculata. We uncovered a wide range of medicinal uses of C. auriculata in Ayurveda and Sri Lankan medicinal traditions and cultures. Many of the compounds in C. auriculata extracts have already been reported for their specific antidiabetic, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic activities, which exhibited positive effects on neuro, renal, and liver support. In conclusion, our findings suggested that the phytocomposition of C. auriculata could be attributed to the presence of antidiabetic activity through various mechanisms.
Techno-economic analysis on the balance of plant (BOP) equipment due to switching fuel from natural gas to hydrogen in gas turbine power plants
Authors: Fujita Daido , Miyazaki Takahiko
Published: March 2024

The concerns over greenhouse gas emissions, environmental impacts, climate change, and sustainability continue to grow. As a result of countermeasures, many modern gas turbine power plants and combined cycle power plants are considering to use hydrogen as a clean fuel alternative to fossil fuels in the power plant industry. We assessed the implications of such transition from natural gas to hydrogen as fuel in a gas turbine power plant's balance of plant (BOP) equipment. Using the DWSIM process simulation software and the methodology of compression power changes against different gas compositions, the impact of blending hydrogen with natural gas on temperature differentials, energy consumption, adiabatic efficiency, compression power, and economic implications in gas turbine power plants were examined in this paper. We discovered, through analysis, that there was not a noticeable boost in compression power or energy consumption when 50% hydrogen and 50% natural gas were blended. Similarly, there was no discernible difference in temperature differentials or adiabatic efficiency when 30% hydrogen and 70% natural gas were blended. Moreover, mixing 50% hydrogen and 50% natural gas did not result in a noticeable cost climb. In addition, the techno-economic analysis presented in this paper offered valuable insights for power plant engineers, power generation companies, investors in energy sectors, and policymakers, highlighting the nature of the fuel shift and its implications on the economy and technology.
Comparative analysis of feed-forward neural network and second-order polynomial regression in textile wastewater treatment efficiency
Authors: Alkorbi Ali S. , Tanveer Muhammad , Shahid Humayoun , Qadir Muhammad Bilal , Ahmad Fayyaz , Khaliq Zubair , Jalalah Mohammed , Irfan Muhammad , Algadi Hassan , Harraz Farid A.
Published: March 2024

This study refines a single-layer Feed-Forward Neural Network (FFNN) for the treatment of textile dye wastewater, concentrating on percentage decolorization (%DEC) and percentage chemical oxygen demand (%COD) reduction. The optimized neural network configuration comprises four input and one output neuron, fine-tuned based on the mean squared error (MSE). The training phase demonstrates a consistent MSE decline, reaching its lowest at epoch 209 for %DEC and epoch 34 for %COD, with corresponding MSEs of $1.799 \times 10^{-5}$ and $ 1.4 \times 10^{-3} $, respectively. The maximum absolute errors for %DEC and %COD were found to be $ 4.0787 $ and $ 2.4486 $, while the mean absolute errors were $ 0.4821 $ and $ 0.7256 $, respectively. In contrast to second-degree polynomial regression, the FFNN model exhibits enhanced predictive accuracy, as indicated by higher $ R^2 $ values of $ 0.99363 $ for %DEC and $ 0.99716 $ for %COD, and reduced error metrics.
8×8 S-boxes over Klein four-group and Galois field $ {GF}\left({2}^{4}\right) $: AES redesign
Authors: Hazzazi Mohammad Mazyad , Aljaedi Amer , Bassfar Zaid , Rani Misbah , Shah Tariq
Published: March 2024

This research paper is supplemented with a unique formation to design state-of-the-art S-boxes. The invented approach is simple but has the capability of creating confusion in our newly proposed algorithm. Our core planned work refined the method of already designed S-boxes to accomplish more compact ones. Various structures were merged here, namely affine transformation, fractional linear transformation, structure of Klein four-group, and the algebraic structures of the Galois fields, $ GF\left({2}^{4}\right) $ and $ GF\left({2}^{8}\right). $ These structures were utilized to synthesize newly $ 1600 $ robust S-boxes. Besides, we discussed encryption steps of AES with these newly generated S-boxes. We highlighted some specific characteristics, performance of parameter's improvement, and their utilization. Nonlinear properties were mainly set to inspect the behavior of I/O bits and could apply image encryption. Then, the performance of proposed S-boxes and newly structured AES was tested in comparison with other prevailing S-boxes.
An efficient simulated annealing algorithm for short addition sequences
Authors: Bahig Hazem M. , Hazber Mohamed A.G. , Bahig Hatem M.
Published: March 2024

Let $ N = \left\{{n}_{1}, {n}_{2}, \;\dots , {n}_{k}\right\} $ be a finite set of positive numbers. The problem of finding the minimal number of additions required to compute all elements of N starting from 1 (called the addition sequence problem) is NP-complete. It is equivalent to finding the minimum number of multiplications needed to compute a group exponentiation $ {g}^{{n}_{1}}, {g}^{{n}_{2}}, \;\dots , {g}^{{n}_{k}} $, where g is an element in a group. This paper aims to propose a new metaheuristic algorithm using a simulated annealing strategy to generate a short addition sequence. The performance of the proposed algorithm is measured by considering two parameters: The size of N and the domain of $ {n}_{\mathrm{i}}, 1\le i\le k $. The proposed algorithm is a new trade-off between the length of the generated addition sequence and the average running time of generating addition sequences. It sometimes produces longer addition sequences than exact algorithms that are slower, and it is slower than suboptimal algorithms that produce longer addition sequences.
Perceptions de l’odeur des pigments noirs, de l’empyreume au VANTAblack
Authors: Wicky Érika , David Olivier
Published: March 2024

Les propriétés sensorielles des pigments noirs (textures, capacité à sécher, etc.), et plus particulièrement leurs caractéristiques olfactives, ont joué un rôle important dans la caractérisation des matériaux (identification, usage, évaluation), mais aussi, en tant que métaphore privilégiée pour évoquer l’ancienne peinture ou l’activité de journaliste, dans leur histoire culturelle. Elles font ainsi partie non seulement de l’expérience de la pratique artistique, mais aussi des conceptions et des représentations associées à l’usage de la peinture et de l’encre noires. Ce panorama des enjeux liés à l’odeur de la peinture noire du xviiie siècle à nos jours met en évidence la permanence de certaines conceptions concernant la mauvaise odeur et la toxicité de ces pigments ainsi que l’existence d’un imaginaire olfactif des pigments noirs.
Intelligent Development of College Physical Education Teaching Mode Based on “Internet+”
Authors: Zhang Xiaoming , Ma Chenjie
Published: March 2024

With the rapid development of information technology and the popularization of the internet, physical education teaching in colleges and universities is facing more and more opportunities and challenges. This paper takes the intelligent development of “Internet +” college physical education teaching mode as the theme, introduces the “Internet +” college physical education teaching mode and expounds the intelligent development of “Internet +” college physical education teaching mode, and then looks forward to the intelligent development of college physical education teaching modes future. The research shows that the intelligent development of college physical education teaching mode can give full play to the advantages of Internet technology and intelligent equipment, improve teaching effect and student experience, and promote the innovation and development of college physical education teaching.
Evaluation of patients’ satisfaction with domiciliary biological treatment in severe asthma: a Portuguese survey
Authors: Lourenço Joana , Vaz Ana Paula , Fernandes Rosa Anita , Lopes Cristina , Fernandes Ana Luísa
Published: March 2024

Dear Editor,According to GINA, severe asthma is defined as uncontrolled asthma, despite therapy adherence with an optimized high dose of inhaled corticosteroid plus long-acting ß2-agonist coupled with management of modifiable factors/comorbidities, that worsens when this treatment is decreased. It affects a significant portion of asthmatic patients and imposes a high risk of exacerbations and mortality, which are associated with significant healthcare costs and psychosocial impact...
Healthy Lifestyle and the Risk of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: A Large Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Chang Qing , Zhang Yixiao , Zhang Tingjing , Liu Zuyun , Cao Limin , Zhang Qing , Liu Li , Sun Shaomei , Wang Xing , Zhou Ming , Jia Qiyu , Song Kun , Ding Yang , Zhao Yuhong , Niu Kaijun , Xia Yang
Published: March 2024

Background: The incidence density of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and the effect of a healthy lifestyle on the risk of MAFLD remain unknown. We evaluated the prevalence and incidence density of MAFLD and investigated the association between healthy lifestyle and the risk of MAFLD.Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 37,422 participants to explore the prevalence of MAFLD. A cohort analysis of 18,964 individuals was conducted to identify the incidence of MAFLD, as well as the association between healthy lifestyle and MAFLD. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) with adjustments for confounding factors.Results: The prevalence of MAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and their comorbidities were 30.38%, 28.09%, and 26.13%, respectively. After approximately 70 thousand person-years of follow-up, the incidence densities of the three conditions were 61.03, 55.49, and 51.64 per 1,000 person-years, respectively. Adherence to an overall healthy lifestyle was associated with a 19% decreased risk of MAFLD (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.72 to 0.92), and the effects were modified by baseline age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Subgroup analyses revealed that younger participants, men, and those with a lower BMI experienced more significant beneficial effects from healthy lifestyle.Conclusion: Our results highlight the beneficial effect of adherence to a healthy lifestyle on the prevention of MAFLD. Health management for improving dietary intake, physical activity, and smoking and drinking habits are critical to improving MAFLD.
Disseminated Tuberculosis: A 6-year Case Series Experience in a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Açar Cem , Babalık Aylin
Published: March 2024

Background:

Disseminated tuberculosis (dTB) disease is associated with a significant burden of morbidity and mortality and it requires improved awareness among clinicians. Case reports revealing the clinical and microbiological characteristics of dTB patients will help us to extend our knowledge of dTB. In our study, we have documented dTB cases followed for 6 years and revealed patients’ clinical characteristics.

Methods:

Patients followed between 2017 and 2023 who were diagnosed with dTB in a tertiary referral hospital in Istanbul have been evaluated. Data regarding patients’ characteristics, methods used in establishing the definitive diagnosis, radiological patterns in chest X-rays, extrapulmonary sites involved, antituberculosis (TB) treatment regimens received, medication side effects, and drug resistance have been examined. Descriptive statistics were performed.

Results:

Clinical characteristics of 55 patients with a median age of 41 (range 20–85, 52.7% male) were examined. The most common extrapulmonary involvements in our study were the skeletal system (n= 24), central nervous system (n= 7), and genitourinary tract (n= 7). Isoniazid (INH) resistance was detected in four patients. Mono resistance was reported for pyrazinamide in one patient. Multidrug resistance was detected in two patients and one of them was also resistant to ethambutol. Preextensively, drug resistance was reported in three patients. Another three patients were evaluated as resistant to both INH and streptomycin.

Conclusion:

Migrating from a high TB burden country and comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, human immunodeficiency virus, and rheumatoid arthritis that are related to immunocompromisation are thought to be risk factors for dTB.
Spinal Tuberculosis: An Exhaustive Diagnosis
Authors: Acharya Abhijit , Panda Kirtika , Panigrahi Souvagya , Senapati Satya Bhusan , Mahapatra Ashok Kumar , Sahu Kundan
Published: March 2024

Background:

The most common organ affected due to tuberculosis (TB) is the lungs. Extrapulmonary TB is less common. Musculoskeletal organs are affected in around 8% of all tubercular patients, of which the spine is affected in almost half of the patients. The criteria for diagnosing spinal TB are quite difficult and we use an array of investigations for the same.

Methods:

A retrospective study was carried out in the Neurosurgery and Microbiology Department at IMS and SUM Hospital between January 2021 and November 2023, and data were collected and tabulated in an Excel sheet. One hundred patients with spinal TB were evaluated, and their age, sex, samples sent, diagnostic investigation, duration of diagnosis from hospital admission, histopathology results, and surgical intervention (done or not) were recorded.

Results:

The best investigation done to diagnose spinal TB was imaging and surgical/computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsy. The earliest result to diagnose spinal TB was histopathology. The yield of positivity in pus culture, smear microscopy, and true nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) was found to be low even though sensitivity was on the higher side.

Conclusion:

Even though we have an array of investigations for diagnosing spinal TB, the best and the earliest diagnosing test was imaging plus CT-guided biopsy. The confirmation is made in the biopsy. Finding acid-fast bacteria (AFB) and NAAT tests are additional beneficial tests to supplement the diagnosis. Hence, we can conclude that sending for tests like AFB in pus, NAAT, and GeneXpert is a wastage of biological samples and delays in diagnosis.
Rare Variant of Leprosy Reaction (Lucio Phenomenon): A Case Series
Authors: Rusyati Luh Made Mas , Saputra Herman , Indah Made Sanitca , Setyawati Ni Kadek
Published: March 2024

Lucio phenomenon (LP) is a variant of type two leprosy, characterized by necrotizing erythema, frequently found in neglected leprosy patient who experience delayed diagnosis or inappropriate treatment. Indonesia is in the third place for highest leprosy cases worldwide. Nonetheless, LP is less common, regardless being an endemic country. In this serial case, we describe the three cases of LP in lepromatous leprosy patients in Denpasar, Bali. All three cases came to our hospital with chronic wounds complained up to a year, accompanied by swollen leg, blisters, tingling sensation, and other symptoms. They had received no suitable treatment, proving LP as a neglected case in primary health care. After a period of treatment, however, patient lesions improved clinically with no physical disability. With this case series, a better understanding toward LP initial complains together with its natural history and further examination could be achieved; thus, improving the early diagnosis and management of LP.
A Bibliometric Analysis on Tuberculosis and Diabetes Mellitus 2: Visualization, Patterns, and Trends
Authors: Quispe-Vicuña Carlos , Cabanillas-Lazo Miguel , Galarza-Valencia Diego , Mauricio-Vilchez Cesar , Mauricio Franco , Espinoza-Carhuancho Fran , Mayta-Tovalino Frank
Published: March 2024

Background:

The convergence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and tuberculosis (TB) may lead to increased mortality and complications, so the underlying mechanism is under investigation. Therefore, a bibliometric analysis was performed to describe the bibliometric indicators of publications evaluating the relationship between TB and DM2.

Methods:

A descriptive and observational bibliometric study was conducted using the Scopus database to identify documents published from 2016–2023, for which free and controlled terms (Medical subject headings and Emtree) were used. The variables collected comprised the number of published documents, institutions, countries, authors, journals, and type of collaboration, which were exported to Excel 2016 and analyzed with SciVal.

Results:

A total of 456 documents, 1624 authors, and 2173 citations were identified, with Medicine and Immunology-Microbiology being the subcategories with the highest and lowest number of documents (367 and 80 documents), respectively, with a strong decreasing trend correlation (R
2: 0.95; P < 0.5) between the number and year of publication. While the country with the highest production was China (71 papers), the country with the highest citation was the United States (952 citations). In terms of authors, the highest production was by the American Venketaraman, and the highest impact was by the Asian Kimberly To. The institution with the highest number of papers was the Western University of Health Sciences, while Stellenbosch had the highest impact.

Conclusion:

Although the scientific productivity of DM2 and TB have reported growth rates of 158.75% and 7.3%, respectively, our results found a decreasing trend in publications associating these two diseases. The thematic evolution of the concepts in both diseases suggests that the relationship between them is not yet known, so future studies evaluating the underlying mechanisms of this comorbidity are suggested.
Exploring the Oral Manifestations of Tuberculosis: A Comprehensive Analysis of Prevalence and Clinicopathological Characteristics of Oral Lesions
Authors: Sheereen Shazima , Manva Mohnish Zulfikar , Sheereen Shamama , Patil Namrata N.
Published: March 2024

Background:

The study aimed to report all cases of oral tuberculosis (TB), a rare manifestation of the fatal infectious disease primarily affecting the pulmonary system. The report also evaluated the clinicopathological characteristics of oral TB lesions.

Methods:

A total of 25 patients who presented with oral lesions between August 2013 and August 2023 were diagnosed with TB through surgical biopsy despite having no prior history of the disease. Their clinical symptoms, auxiliary examinations, treatments, and outcomes were recorded and analyzed for further study.

Results:

In a study of 25 patients with oral TB, all patients were found to have the disease, with 16 males and 9 females affected. The gender distribution was skewed toward males, with a 1.77 male-to-female ratio. Twelve cases of the affected sites were reported in the mandible, six cases in the buccal mucosa, four in the lips, two in the gingiva, and one in the tongue. The age range of affected patients was 0–70 years old, and all lesions were indicative of primary TB. The appearance of the affected mucosa varied, with ulceration and swelling being the most common manifestations.

Conclusion:

Patients who present with oral ulcerations and swellings should be evaluated for the possibility of TB. To confirm and differentiate this condition from other diseases, obtaining a biopsy specimen for histological analysis and performing acid-fast stains and cultures is recommended. These tests will enable a precise diagnosis and guide appropriate treatment.
Wegener’s granulomatosis versus pulmonary tuberculosis: a dilemma
Authors: Mason Amita , Jethani Varuna , Kumar Rahul , Singh Yogesh Preet
Published: March 2024

The most common cause of bilateral pulmonary cavities with constitutional symptoms in an endemic country like India is pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Pulmonary manifestations in systemic vasculitis are very diverse, ranging from nodules, consolidation, and cavity. Wegener’s granulomatosis (WG) is a systemic disease commonly affecting the lungs. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a life-threatening and relatively rare pulmonary manifestation of WG. Here, we report a case of a young male diagnosed with WG mimicking PTB with hypoxic respiratory failure who responded to aggressive treatment with cyclophosphamide, high-dose steroids and high-flow nasal cannula support (HFNC).
Surgical management of intramuscular hemangioma of left masseter muscle: A case report
Authors: Shah Rishabh , Venkatesh Rashmi , Badi Kavita , Shah Kreena
Published: March 2024

Hemangiomas are benign soft tissue tumors which are congenital and occur due to abnormal proliferations of blood vessels. Most common location of hemangiomas is subcutaneous adipose tissue, but skeletal muscle hemangiomas are very rare which make up to 0.8% of all hemangiomas. Usually, the intramuscular lesions are common in thigh region and calf muscles and are relatively rare in the facial muscles. Long-standing lesions results in phleboliths, and this may cause some symptoms. Conventional treatment of these isolated lesions may not yield satisfactory results. Hence, surgical excision of the lesion in toto results in aesthetically pleasing results with low chances of recurrence. In this article, we report a case of a left masseter intramuscular hemangioma in 19-year-old patient which was successfully managed by complete surgical excision.
Path Analysis of the Relationship between Religious Coping, Spiritual Well-being, and Family Resilience in Dealing with the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia
Authors: Prasetyo Yoyok Bekti , Faridi Faridi , Masruroh Nur Lailatul , Melizza Nur , Kurnia Aggraini Dwi , Wardojo Sri Sunaringsih Ika , Huriah Titih , Latif Rusnani AB
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

Family resilience is strongly influenced by religious coping and spiritual/religious well-being (RW). In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia, this study intends to investigate the relationship between religious coping, spiritual well-being, and family resilience.

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey (n = 242) was conducted from December 2021 to January 2022 in Indonesia. The Spiritual Coping Strategies Scale-Chinese version, Spiritual Well-Being Scale, and Family Resilience Assessment Scale were used for data collection. Smart Partial Least Square (SmartPLS) software (version 3.2.7) was used to analyze the data.

Results:

Most respondents aged range from 46 to 55 years-old (30.9%). Also, most of them were having senior high school educational level (47.7%), earn <3 million rupiah (90.5%), and jobless (66.7%). Family resilience to COVID-19 has been influenced by the relationship between RW and existential well-being (EW) (81.2%) (β =0.901, t = 24,836, P = 0.001). Religious Non-coping (RNC)- Religious well-being(RW) is 0.124, which indicating that RNC affecting RW by 12.4%, and it also impacting on family resilience to COVID-19 (β = −0.310, t = 3.275, P = 0.001, f
2 = 0.085; minor).

Conclusion:

Religious coping, RW, and EW are all important factors influencing family resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, the COVID-19 pandemic has ended. However, with the dynamic development of world health, an outbreak may occur in the future, so the findings of this research will be helpful in providing a warning about spiritual factors that significantly influence family resilience.
Use of Electronic Cigarettes and Associated Factors among Thai Vocational Students: An Institution-based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Rattanachompoo Jeeraphat , Phetphum Chakkraphan , Noosorn Narongsak
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

The use of young electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is increasing worldwide, including in Thailand, where there are strict regulations governing the availability of e-cigarettes. This study explored e-cigarette use among vocational students and associated factors in Thailand.

Methods:

We enrolled 1150 students from six vocational institutions in the upper northern region of Thailand using a multistage design and gathered the data through a self-administered questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the variables and their association with e-cigarette use.

Results:

Most of the participants (66.5%) were male, and the average age was 17 ± 1.7 years. The prevalence of e-cigarette use in the past 30 days was 18.4%. We found that the perceived price of e-cigarettes being affordable (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0–2.8), traditional cigarette smoking in the past year (AOR = 3.5, 95% CI: 2.4–5.1), a high positive attitude toward e-cigarettes (AOR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.7–3.9), alcohol consumption in the past year (AOR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1–2.8), having close friends who used e-cigarettes (AOR = 4.4, 95% CI: 3.1–6.3), and having low self-esteem (AOR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1–2.3) were significantly associated with e-cigarette use in the past 30 days.

Conclusion:

The use of e-cigarettes is prevalent among Thai vocational students, suggesting that continued maintenance of the enforcement policy on banning the importation of e-cigarettes into the country is thus needed. Furthermore, the government should improve law enforcement, especially against online marketing, and strengthen school-based anti-smoking programs.
Incidence of deep venous thrombosis in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease 2019 and elevated plasma levels of the D-dimer
Authors: Attia Khaled M. , Ibrahim Mosaad M. , Abonar Abdelraouf A.
Published: March 2024

Background

There is an increased risk of developing venous thromboembolism in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease (SARS COVID-19). As the D-dimer could be elevated in deep venous thrombosis (DVT), we aimed to investigate the incidence of DVT in patients with SARS COVID-19 and elevated plasma levels of the D-dimer.

Patients and methods

A prospective observational study was carried out to screen all patients with a confirmed diagnosis of SARS COVID-19 with plasma D-dimer levels above 1000 ng/ml for the presence of DVT without related symptoms using complete compression Doppler ultrasound.

Results

A total of 52 patients were included in the study. Among them, 34 (67.3%) were males. All patients received standardized thromboprophylaxis treatment. The screening results of complete compression Doppler ultrasound revealed DVT in eight (15.4%) patients. Among these patients, the DVT was proximal in one (1.9%) patient and bilateral distal in two (3.8%) patients. The D-dimer level was significantly higher in patients with DVT than in patients without DVT (4531 vs. 2048 ng/ml, odds ratio 9.4, 95% confidence interval 1.2–70.3). The diagnostic ability of the D-dimer was satisfactory, with an receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.71 (95% confidence interval 0.62–0.83).

Conclusion

The incidence of DVT without symptoms in patients with SARS COVID-19 and elevated plasma level of D-dimer was 15.4%, with a significant difference between patients with and without DVT in terms of the D-dimer. Therefore, the D-dimer is important for the diagnosis of DVT in patients with SARS COVID-19.
Choroidal and retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses in smokers
Authors: Elgharieb Hagar M. , Abdullah Ahmed S. , Mohamed Jihan A.
Published: March 2024

Background

Tobacco smoking is known for its deleterious effects on the systems of the whole body. However, the effects on the eye are not fully understood, especially the effects on the retina and choroid.

Aim

The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of smoking on choroidal and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thicknesses.

Patients and methods

The current work included 50 patients, categorized into G1 (25 healthy individuals as a control group) and G2 (25 smokers, who practiced continuous smoking for >2 years). All participants were assessed by history taking, followed by ocular examination of both eyes. The unaided and best-corrected visual acuity and intraocular pressure were determined. The slit-lamp biomicroscopic examination was performed to detect any abnormalities or media opacity of the anterior segment of the eye. It was followed by the fundus examination and optical coherence tomography to determine choroidal thickness (CT) and RNFL thickness.

Results

No significant differences were reported between smokers and nonsmokers regarding patient age, hemoglobin concentrations, visual acuity, or intraocular pressure. The smoking duration ranged between 3 and 30 years, and the number of daily cigarettes ranged between 5 and 30 cigarettes/day. The choroidal thickness and RNFL thickness were significantly reduced among smokers compared with nonsmokers. Finally, there was a significant, inverse correlation between CT and the smoking duration and daily smoking.

Conclusion

There was a significant reduction in CT and RNFL thicknesses owing to smoking. This reduction could be associated with reduced blood flow to the choroid following smoking.
Objective nasal airflow measures in relation to subjective nasal obstruction, trigeminal function, and olfaction in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Hernandez A K , Uhl C , Haehner A , Cuevas M , Hummel T
Published: March 2024

Background: This study aimed to determine how nasal airflow measures and trigeminal function vary among patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) versus healthy controls and whether these measures are correlated with subjective nasal obstruction (SNO), olfactory function, and CRS control. Methodology: Participants included CRS patients and healthy controls. After a structured medical history, nasal airflow (peak nasal inspiratory flow [PNIF]; active anterior rhinomanometry [AAR]), trigeminal function (trigeminal lateralization test, CO2 sensitivity), and olfactory (“Sniffin’ Sticks” odor identification test) tests were performed. SNO ratings were also obtained. Results: Sixty-nine participants were included (37 men, 32 women, mean age 51 years). There was no significant difference for objective nasal airflow between patients and controls, but CRS patients had worse SNO, trigeminal function, and olfaction compared to controls. SNO, but not objective nasal airflow tests, was negatively correlated with CO2 sensitivity and odor identification. Conclusion: The perception of nasal obstruction does not only depend on nasal airflow, but may also be modulated by trigeminal function and other factors. Thus, the role of objective nasal airflow measures as a sole method of functional nasal obstruction assessment in CRS remains limited.
فاعلية تكنولوجيا الواقع المعزز في تنمية الوعي بمخاطر الإدمان الإلكتروني لشبكات التواصل الاجتماعي لدى المراهقين
Authors: الحلفاوي وليد سالم محمد , نجمي على حسن شوكان , زكي مروة زكي توفيق
Published: March 2024

في إطار التحديات المرتبطة بالتوسع في استخدام شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي من قِبل المراهقين والتي انعكست على زيادة معدلات الإدمان الإلكتروني لهذه الشبكات؛ فإن الحاجة لوجود برامج توعوية متقدمة لتعزيز الوعي بمخاطر الإدمان الإلكتروني لشبكات التواصل الاجتماعي يُعد من الأولويات البحثية في الآونة الحالية. وانطلاقًا من إمكانيات تكنولوجيا الواقع المعزز فإن البحث الحالي يستهدف تطوير نموذج مقترح لبرنامج قائم على تكنولوجيا الواقع المعزز لتنمية الوعي بمخاطر الإدمان الإلكتروني لشبكات التواصل الاجتماعي. اعتمد البحث على المنهج شبه التجريبي للمقارنة بين مجموعتي البحث، حيث تدرس المجموعة التجريبية باستخدام تكنولوجيا الواقع المعزز، والمجموعة الضابطة تستخدم الطريقة الاعتيادية القائمة على المحاضرات واللقاءات الاعتيادية.  تكونت عينة البحث من (60) طالباً بالمرحلة الثانوية، تم توزيعهم عشوائيًا على مجموعتي البحث. من خلال البحث الحالي تم تطوير مقياس للكشف عن الإدمان الإلكتروني لشبكات التواصل الاجتماعي يتكون من ستة محاور تتضمن (21) مفردة، كما تم تطوير اختبار للوعي بمخاطر الإدمان الإلكتروني لشبكات التواصل الاجتماعي تكون من (30) مفردة. وأوضحت إجراءات البحث أن أكثر شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي استخدامًا من قِبل المراهقين تمثلت على التوالي من المرتبة الأولى حتى المرتبة الخامسة في: التيك التوك، واليوتيوب، وواتساب، وسناب شات، والفيسبوك. كما تمثلت أهم جوانب الوعي بمخاطر الإدمان الإلكتروني في الوعي بالمخاطر النفسية والمخاطر الصحية والمخاطر الاجتماعية والمخاطر التعليمية والمخاطر الأخلاقية. وأظهرت النتائج أفضلية المجموعة التجريبية التي استخدمت تكنولوجيا الواقع المعزز بالمقارنة مع المجموعة الضابطة فيما يتعلق بتنمية الوعي بمخاطر الإدمان الإلكتروني لشبكات التواصل الاجتماعي. أوصى البحث بضرورة التوسع في توظيف أنشطة الواقع المعزز في عملية التوعية بمخاطر الإدمان الإلكتروني.
Review of “The dimensions of an instructional design knowledge base: Theory, research, and practice”
Authors: Warkineh Turuwark Zalalam , Gizaw Abiy Menkir , Kelkay Asrat Dagnew
Published: March 2024

This review assesses the book titled "The instructional design knowledge base: Theory, research, and practice" authored by Richey, Klein, and Tracy, highlighting its emphasis on foundational knowledge, extensive theory base, and application to current Instructional Design (ID) practices. The book offers a comprehensive overview of ID theories from various disciplines, making it valuable for scholars, graduate students, educators, and practitioners in the field. It also guides decision-making and includes suggestions for future research, making it beneficial for researchers aiming to contribute to the field of ID.
Examining the impact of lesson study on teachers' professional development: A quasi-experimental study
Authors: Mengistu Mulualem Abie , Worku Mulugeta Yayeh , Melesse Tadesse
Published: March 2024

This study sought to examine the impact of lesson study on teachers’ professional development. For this purpose, a quasi-experimental design involving 46 English teachers from 24 primary schools in Bahir Dar city, Ethiopia, was employed. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed quantitatively using means, standard deviations, independent samples t-tests, and pair sample t-tests. The findings of the study revealed that the teachers in the experimental group who participated in the lesson study intervention demonstrated better professional practices than those in the control group. This improvement was evident in the teachers' ability to prepare lesson plans, deliver classroom teaching, and reflect on lesson plans. Furthermore, the pre-test and post-test results of the experimental group showed that teachers had demonstrated better performance after the intervention. Generally, the study highlighted that a well-planned and implemented lesson study program can have a positive impact on the professional development of teachers.
Perspectives of teacher educators on the challenges of training technical and vocational education teachers in Ethiopia
Authors: Kebede Amarech , Asgedom Amare
Published: March 2024

Shortage of qualified teachers is a critical problem in the Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) sector. This study investigates the barriers that hinder the preparation of competent TVET teachers in Ethiopia. A qualitative case study involving 20 purposively selected teacher educators was used. The study revealed numerous challenges including weak student admission criteria, a lack of teacher competency standards, irrelevant curriculum, theory-focused training, limited resources, ineffective quality assurance system, leadership issues, and gaps in teacher educators' practical and pedagogical skills, industry experience, interest, and motivation. The study concluded that TVET teacher training is beset by various limitations and urgently requires reform. In this regard, it is critical to attract high-quality and motivated candidates, establish competency standards, adapt the curriculum to meet the specific needs of TVET teachers, involve industries in the training process, and enhance the competencies of teacher educators through industry placements.
Dairy village: the role of veterinary services in unlocking dairy industry potential through assisted reproductive technologies
Authors: Ali Sayid , Dire Mosisa , Degefa Tamrat , Funga Asnaku , Jemal Hamid , Regassa Geda , Youngs Curtis R.
Published: March 2024

The “Dairy Village” concept was designed to overcome the constraints of estrus synchronization and AI particularly associated with  eletion of the breeding animals and subsequent management of estrous cows in Ethiopia. All necessary inputs, including sexed semen,  were acquired before the fieldwork. The knowledge and skill gaps were identified and addressed with the active involvement of  veterinarians and AI technicians who underwent specialized training to ensure proper physical and gynecological examinations during  the selection of cows and heifers. Accordingly, a refresher training was delivered on topics of reproductive anatomy and physiology,  assessment of ovarian status, semen handling, and insemination at the optimal time to establish pregnancy. Besides, awareness creation  seminars were held every year on topics of benefits of reproductive technologies and management of breeding cows to 99 smallholder dairy farmers. Only 578 cows/heifers were found fit for breeding out of the 1262 cows/heifers that were brought for  evaluation; including 81 animals that spontaneously showed estrus. A total of 497 cows/heifers were synchronized using a single IM injection of Lutalyse.  Animals responding to the treatment (404 cow/heifers) and those spontaneously in estrus (81cows/ heifers) were inseminated using sex- sorted HF semen 18-24hrs into the standing estrus. Pregnancy rate was 80% (388/485) and 287 calves were born (96% female). Results of  this project indicate that rigorous gynecological examination during the selection of cows prior to estrus synchronization and judicious application of hormonal treatments can yield improve the success of ES/AI projects under field conditions. Furthermore, the dairy village  approach to enhanced milk production through efficient use of sex-sorted semen has generated replacement heifers from superior  breed that will substantially improve the livelihoods of village farmers.