bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of Application of the «Open Triangle» Scheme in the Rural Low-Voltage Structure Distribution Network
Authors:   Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Nadtoka Ivan , Osadchiy Pyotr ,   Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Tropin Vladimir ,   Kuban State Agrarian University
Published: November 2020

The features of applying the «open triangle» scheme in the structure of a rural low-voltage distribution network with a voltage of 220 V are studied from the standpoint of achieving a certain energy efficiency. The energy effect is estimated by the criterion of the relative value of the additional power losses in the conductors of a three-wire line of a 220 V network caused by reactive power and load asymmetry. The load is modeled by two power receivers connected to the phase-to-phase voltage, the general output of the power receivers is grounded, which forms the «open triangle» circuit. The energy characteristics of the active load, active load with capacitive corrective element, active load with capacitive and inductive corrective elements are analyzed; and also the most practical case – active-inductive load with various values of reactive power factors -0,1; 0,2; 0,3 and capacitive corrective element. An important feature of applying the «open triangle» scheme in the structure of a rural low-voltage distribution network with a voltage of 220 V, from the standpoint of achieving practically necessary and sufficient energy efficiency - not exceeding 10 % of the additional power losses, is the ability to compensate for reactive power and balancing the phase currents of the network line using only one corrective capacitor of relatively low power - about 50 % of the active power of one power receiver.
Calculation of the Magnetomotive Force of Control Coils of Actuators with Different Current Directions
Authors:   Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Grechikhin Valeriy , Kraevskiy Ivan ,   Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI)
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to solving the actual problem of synthesis of actuators based on materials with a form memory effect. An actuating device with a distributed control coil and an active element made of such ma-terial is considered. It is shown that the characteristics of the device do not depend on the direction of the mag-netic field providing deformation. Not only the magnitude of the magnetizing force but also the direction of current in the windings of the distributed control coil has a significant influence on the process of re-magnetizing the active element. It is advisable to use alternating current direction in control coils of actuators to save electric energy
Macroscopic changes of the cats liver during diseases.
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, Levterov D.E.
Published: November 2020

The main and most accessible part of pathomorphological research is the macro-scopic method, which makes it possible to effectively diagnose various animal diseas-es. Changes in the liver, as an organ in-volved in the process of digestion and meta-bolic reactions, are important in examining the pathogenesis and diagnosis of diseases. A macroscopic study of the liver of 15 cats with various diseases was performed. Among the animals subjected to a pathoana-tomic autopsy there were 9 cats and 6 cats, from 2.5 months to 18 years old. The most common changes were liver dystrophy: pro-tein, fat, protein-fat, which were registered in many diseases. The main diseases diag-nosed at the autopsy were infectious cat peritonitis, dipylidiosis, liver lipidosis, dis- eases of the digestive canal and kidneys, and bone tumors of the lower jaw. Alterative hepatitis was observed in an animal with infectious cat peritonitis. This disease was also accompanied by fibrinous perihepatitis. Cysts in the liver were observed with a simi-lar lesion of the kidneys. The mechanisms of development of iden-tified dystrophies are infiltration of substanc-es entering the liver with blood, and decom-position – the breakdown of complex chemi-cal compounds. Fibrinous perihepatitis is associated with the activity of macrophages that cause high permeability of the wall of small blood vessels, which makes it possible for large fibrinogen molecules to pass through, followed by the formation and ac-cumulation of fibrin. Alterative hepatitis with numerous small foci of necrosis is obvi-ously also associated with the activity of these inflammatory cells. Liver cysts, com-bined with similar changes in the cortical layer of the kidneys, and in one case, the mucous membrane of the bladder, indicate the innate nature of this pathology
Calculation of sample size when planning a clinical study of the Bovhyaluronidaze azoximer preparation in companion animals urological practice
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, Nazarova A.V.
Published: November 2020

Nowadays both international and Russian medical sciences are actively working to improve the methods of evidence and the formation of standards of research and treat-ment. The necessity to develop common criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of methods of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases exists in veterinary medicine. To achieve this goal, both general veterinary medicine and scientific research in the field of veterinary medicine, must reach the level of evidence that answers the requirements of Evidence Based Medicine. In accordance with the current require-ments of Evidence Based Medicine and Good Clinical Practice, at the stage of plan-ning a clinical study of the use of Bovhyalu-ronidaze azoximer preparations in the com-panion animals urological treatment, we have calculated the required sample size. In the calculation, we used the results of a pilot study, in which the incidence of post-operative complications in the experimental group was 0.10, in the control group — 0.55. We calculated that for statistical significance testing with significance level α = 0.05 and power β = 0.80 in a clinical trial of the use of bovhyaluronidaze azoximer prepara-tion in the urological practice of companion animals, the sample size should be at least 22 animals in each group (taking into ac-count the possible retirement of patients from the clinical study). And the groups must be equal in volume to achieve the max-imum test power.
Efficiency of "hoof protect" in group pro-cessing of hooves in cows
Authors:   General, private and operative surgery “Vitebsk State Academy of veterinary medicine”, Zhurba V. A. , Kovalev I. A. ,   General, private and operative surgery “Vitebsk State Academy of veterinary medicine”
Published: November 2020

Diseases of the distal part of the extremities of cattle under the conditions of intensive system of cattle breeding is a widespread phenomenon. The high density of animals on large industrial farms is usually accompanied by such phenomena as result of limited movement, identical feeding, increased con-tacts of animals with mechanized objects, and more frequent stressful situations lead-ing to a decrease in natural resistance. As a result, the incidences of hoof diseases in cows are increasing and lead to significant economic losses due to decrease in milk yield, live weight, and premature culling of animals. This problem exists in many coun-tries of the world including the CIS countries. It is necessary to notice that one of the causes of the diseases of the fingers is the deformation of the hooves, which develops in the absence of regular orthopedic clearing. An important role to prevent the develop-ment of diseases of the hooves belongs to the organization of preventive measures at live-stock holdings. To increase the resistance of the hooves to diseases and for treatment pur-poses, foot baths with hypertonic solution of copper sulfate, formalin and other drugs are offered by the pharmaceutical industry. The bath for hoofs will have the expected impact only if the cow put all four limbs into the solution. It can be ensured in case the bath has at least 3.5 - 4.0 m in length and 0.7 - 0.8 m in width. Moreover, the height of the entrance should be about 20 cm - then additional fingers will be handled. Following the regulations of hooves disinfection leads to high health status of herd.
Etiology analysis and x-ray diagnostics of feline odontoclastic resorbtive lesion
Authors:   St. Petersburg state Academy of veterinary medicine, Mukiy Yu. V. , Nikolaeva V. A. ,   veterinarian clinic "Altervet", Russia, St. Petersburg.
Published: November 2020

In veterinary medicine, one of the most relevant area is dentistry of small pets. Of all dentistry diseases - 80% of cases are due to Feline odontoclastic resorptive lesion (FORL), which is more often diagnosed in cats. 35 cats have been diagnosed with den-tal disorders in vet-clinic "Altervet" for the period from November 2018 to April 2019. The analysis of the statistical information was carried out: 86 % of cats, that is 30 heads, were diagnosed FORL. The assess-ment was carried out according to the degree of tooth damage from x-rays images, and there are 2 types of resorption today: type 1 and type 2. Moreover, one of the examined cats simultaneously detected both types of FORL. Various degrees of tooth damage have been studied. Lesions of various parts of the tooth (crowns, necks, aboral and ros-tral roots of the teeth) were found, which were marked on radiographs. A statistical analysis of the incidence by breed, age, sex of animals and types of feed was conducted. The middle animal age of the disease inci-dence is 10 years. It was found that animals with pathology were nourished different types of food: mixed, dry, wet and natural. However, a greater number of cats with FORL were fed mixed (14 heads) and dry (8 heads) feed, 47 and 27%, respectively. It was found that in male this pathology is di-agnosed more often, in our case it is 73%, than in female- 27%.The disease was more common in mongrel cats – 18 heads, than in thoroughbred animals -12 heads, it turned out 60 and 40% of the number of affected animals. Reliable data on the influence of sex and breed on the occurrence of FORL has not been established.
MONITORING OF DIROFILARIASIS IN DOGS IN THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA
Authors:   Perm Institute of national guard troops of the Russian Federation, Slobodyanik R.V. , Zykova S.S. ,   Perm Institute of national guard troops of the Russian Federation, Asatryan A.T. ,   FGBU “ Saint-Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine”, Shirjaeva V.A. ,   FGBU “ Saint-Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine”
Published: November 2020

Dirofilariasis is caused by two types of para-sitic worms – Dirofilaria immitis and D. re-pens. Both species of dirofilariaare obligate absolute parasites and are in antagonistic relations with their own hosts. The invasion caused by the adult stages of D. immitis, especially at high intensity, results in the death of 70-80% of dogs. Dirofilariasis is practically not studied in the territory of Ar-menia. The article is devoted to determining the spread of dirofilariasis and the preva-lence rates in the Republic of Armenia in the areas: Shirak, Aragatston, Armavir, Ararat and Syunik. It was found that in 100% of cases the pathogen was D. immitis. Using an immunochromatographic instrument-free test system, the average prevalence rate in the regions was revealed, which amounted to 8.5%. In 87.5% of cases, dirofilariasis was observed in the farms of Armavir and Ararat regions, which are the most disadvantaged for this disease and are recorded in dogs aged 3 to 8 years. Thus, in the territory of Armenia, a local focus of carnivorous diro-filariasis is actively functioning, which ex-tends along the left bank and on the plains along the middle reaches of the Arax riv-er from falling into it Akhuryan river and stretches from the north-west to the south-east up to Azerbaijan Nakhichevan.
Two express methods of contamination evaluation of fresh water reservoirs
Authors:   FGBNU ", Arshanitsa N. M. ,   VNIRO", Makrushin A.V. ,   “Institute of internal water biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Vasiliev A. S. ,   “Institute of internal water biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Stekolnikov A. A. ,   “Institute of internal water biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Grebtsov M. R. ,   Saint Petersburg branch of “VNIRO”
Published: November 2020

The experiment is based on the assess-ment of water quality, based on the state of the organism of fish and crustaceans. Fish were surveyed in 1970-2016 years. The work was carried out in various regions of the USSR and Russia on reservoirs of vari-ous types, on fish farms. Various species and age groups of fish were studied. They were caught with a trawl, nets, a lift and sports fishing gear, and fish larvae were caught with a plankton net. A patho-anatomic meth-od was used to assess the condition of fish. Branched crustaceans were examined in 1989-2016. Samples were collected by plankton grid in reservoirs of the Volga, in lakes of the Karelian isthmus, in mountain lakes of the Western Sayan (East. Siberia), in lakes Ilmen and Sevan (Republic of Ar-menia) and in lake Ladoga, in the Nyvchim reservoir (Vychegda river basin), in pools of the Bolshezemelskaya tundra, in the Cu-ronian and Finnish bays of the Baltic sea. Samples were stabilized with 4% formalin and viewed under the MBS-9 binocular mi-croscope. Two methods for assessing the level of contamination of freshwater reservoirs were suggested. First: assessment of the level of pollution by the state of the fish organism. Toxicological studies of reservoirs and in experimental conditions have shown that fish were the most informative indicators of pollution of fishery reservoirs. The ecologi-cal approach to bioindication of the environ-ment using fish as the individual level is associated with changes in various indicators that characterize certain aspects of fish biol-ogy (weight and linear growth rate, fatness, fertility, reproduction process, embryonic and early post-embryonic development, pa-thologies, etc.). And the second method is to assess the level of contamination based on the state of the organism of pelagic branched crustaceans.
The effect of the drug "Hepaton" on the reaction of lipid peroxidation
Authors:   St. Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, Ponamarev V.S. , Popova O.S. ,   St. Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine
Published: November 2020

The composition of the drug "Hepaton" includes many bioactive compounds that provide the antioxidant properties of the drug, manifested by the neutralization of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with the breakaway chain free radical reactions. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the Hepaton preparation on lipid peroxidation reactions in laboratory rats. Evaluation of the antioxidant effect of the drug was carried out on twenty laboratory rats of both sexes with a body weight of 180-220 g, divided into 2 groups. Acute toxic hepatitis in rats was induced by a single intragastric administration of 1.0 ml of a dichloroethane solution. At the same time, rats of the experimental group (n = 10) 1 hour before the introduction of di-chloroethane were injected with a solution of the drug “Hepaton” in the amount of 10 ml / kg body weight and then 1 time per day for 21 days after the use of toxicants [1]. On the 21st day after the administration of toxicants, a blood was drawn for a biochemi-cal study, which took into account the pa-rameters of the antioxidant system (diene conjugates (DC), ketodienes (CD) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as the level of endogenous intoxication (according to the content of MSM). Based on the results obtained, it can be con-cluded that the use of “Hepaton” in modeling acute toxic hepatitis made it possible to re-store the disturbed homeostasis of the labora-tory animal organism, the structure and in-tegrity of the hepatocyte membranes, inhibit lipid peroxidation as one of the links in the pathogenesis of hepatitis, stimulate antioxi-dant defense and power the endogenous anti-oxidant system of the body, bile formation and biliary excretion, as well as activate the reparative processes of the liver tissue at the cellular and intracellular levels.
BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF BLOOD OF MONGREL RATS.
Authors:   Saint Petersburg state University of Veterinary medicine, Stekolnikov A. A. , Reshetnyak V. V. ,   FGBOU VO "Kostroma state agricultural Academy, Burdeyny V. V. ,   FGBOU VO "Kostroma state agricultural Academy, Iskaliev E. A. ,   FGBOU VO "Kostroma state agricultural Academy
Published: November 2020

The aim of the work was to determine some biochemical parameters, taking into account the sex of the outbred (conventional) rats in the norm, used at the experiment to determine the reference val-ues. The experiments were carried out on 41 rats of 5-6 months age old., weighing 200-250 g, divided into two groups - males (n = 16) and fe-males (n = 25). Blood serum was obtained accord-ing to the generally accepted method. Blood serum was obtained according to standard methods. Biochemical parameters were analyzed on an IDEXX CatalystOne automated analyzer. Protein and carbohy-drate metabolism were analyzed by the se-rum levels of total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), urea (Urea), creatinine (Creat), glu-cose (Glu), the enzyme spectrum - by alka-line phosphatase (ALP), alanine and aspar-tate aminotransferase (ALT and AST), min-eral metabolism - by calcium (Ca), phospho-rus (P), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chlo-rine (Cl), as well as bile pigment - by total bilirubin (T.bil). De Ritis coefficient (AST / ALT), globulin (Glob), albumin/globulin ratio (A / G) was revealed by the calculation method. The results were taken into account in two versions: 1 - according to all animals (16 males and 25 females); 2 - according to samples from the general population in three replicates. It was found that out of 17 biochemical parameters -15 are constant, due to the sex of the experimental animals. So, females showed higher indicators of protein and min-eral metabolism, glucose, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, while in males this was record-ed only in four cases - in the content of urea and AST and in the ratios A / G, AST / ALT. Data on the content of creatinine and total bilirubin in the blood serum of rats were variable in nature and were close in value. Thus, the results of the studies carried out can be used in the future, for biochemical diagnostics of systematic metaboli
STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE DRUG TEVTROPIN R+ RESPECT TO THE MAIN PATHOGENS OF BAC-TERIAL DISEASES OF BIRDS
Authors:   FSBEI HE «St. Petersburg SUVM», Javadov E. D. , Khokhlachov O. F. ,   FSBEI HE «St. Petersburg SUVM», Novikova O. B. ,   ARRIPS-branch of the federal research center "ARRTIP", Tarlavin N. V. ,   FSBEI HE «St. Petersburg SUVM», Veretennikov V. V. ,   FSBEI HE «St. Petersburg SUVM»
Published: November 2020

The implementation of zoohygienic norms and rules is an obligatory part of the biologi-cal safety program of a poultry enterprise. At the same time, an important role belongs to the organization and conduct of disinfection of all technological sections of the produc-tion cycle. Another fundamental factor in ensuring the Biosafety of poultry farms is the development and implementation in each individual farm of its own program for the control and specific prevention of infectious diseases of birds using vaccines, therapeutic and disinfecting drugs. This has become especially relevant in recent years, due to the increased number of pathogens of new infec-tious diseases of birds, new antigenic, sero-logical variants and forms of pathogens of known viral and bacterial diseases that arise as a result of their mutation and genetic transformation in the direction of increasing virulence, adaptation and resistance to the action of antibacterial drugs. Therefore, the efforts of a significant number of specialists in the fight against infectious diseases of birds lie in the production and promotion of new modern and effective disinfectants. One such remedy is the disinfectant of a new generation of Tevtropin R+ domestic pro-duction (manufacturer - plastprom, OOO). In appearance, the drug is a transparent aque-ous solution containing tetramethylenedieth-ylenetetramine (35.0+1.5%) as the active substance in a mixture with functional addi-tives: alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chlo-ride and didecyldimethylammonium chloride (surfactant). The drug has bactericidal, viru-cidal, fungicidal and sporocidal activity. Disinfecting properties are due to the ability to penetrate the cells of bacteria, viruses, and fungi and interact with the amino groups of purine and pyrimidine bases of RNA and DNA, blocking their matrix-genetic function.
PBMC- 05 - In Vitro Culture of TEFF+TREG - Cytokine Production by TEFF v1
Authors: Cosentino Marco , Storelli Elisa , Luini Alessandra , LM Legnaro Massimiliano , Rasini Emanuela , Ferrari Marco , Marino Franca
Published: November 2020

List of published work using this procedure: Kustrimovic, N., Comi, C., Magistrelli, L., Rasini, E., Legnaro, M., Bombelli, R., Aleksic, I., Blandini, F., Minafra, B., Riboldazzi, G., Sturchio, A., Mauri, M., Bono, G., Marino, F., & Cosentino, M. (2018). Parkinson's disease patients have a complex phenotypic and functional Th1 bias: cross-sectional studies of CD4+ Th1/Th2/T17 and Treg in drug-naïve and drug-treated patients. Journal of neuroinflammation, 15(1), 205. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-018-1248-8
Plasmodium berghei ookinete culture v1
Authors: Recio Totoro Benito
Published: November 2020

Plasmodium berghei is one of the main non-human malaria models used in research. It readily infects laboratory strains of mice and rats as well as mosquitoes. Because of this, it is safe to manipulate and it does not require human fluids/tissues. This document provides the Operational Procedure for producing and culturing ookinetes of P. berghei in vitro. The method has been optimized for the P. berghei ANKA train clone 2.34 and the derived GFP-expressing clone, but should work for other strains. This method is adapted and modified from:
Ookinete purification by centrifugation v1
Authors: Recio Totoro Benito
Published: November 2020

The ookinetes, as they come from the ookinete culture, are suspended in a solution that also contains blood cells and other parasite stages. Often, it is necessary to purify the ookinetes from these other cell types. This is achieved exploiting biological, chemical, and physical properties of the ookinetes that differ from the other cell types present in the ookinete culture. This protocol first exploits the ookinete's biological property of laking a Cl-/HCO3- channel in the membrane. On the contrary, the red blood cells (RBC) do have this channel. Because of this, RBC can be selectively lysed using an isotonic solution of NH4Cl. In solution NH4Cl dissociates into NH4+ and Cl-, the NH4+ then transforms into NH3, which is permeable to the plasma membrane in contrast to the NH4+. Once inside the cell, NH3 establishes an equilibrium with NH4+ resulting in a net influx of Cl- through the aforementioned ion channel, increasing the NH4Cl concentration in the RBC considerably and, therefore, of water, causing an osmotic shock and RBC burst. Since HCO3- is in equilibrium with CO2, RBC lysis must be performed during shaking to increase the concentration of CO2 in the solution (Chernyshev, et al., 2007). Next a series of differential centrifugations are performed exploiting the sedimentation rate of the ookinetes, which depends on the size, shape, and density of the ookinetes as well as on the viscosity of the medium. The last step involves isopycnic centrifugation in a density cushion taking advantage of the buoyant density of the ookinetes. This method has been modified from Rodríguez M.C., et al., 2002 and Carter V., et al., 2003.
Insects and DNA metabarcoding - InsectMobile laboratory protocols v1
Authors: S Svenningsen Cecilie , Bruhn Pedersen Lene
Published: November 2020

This document is a collection of laboratory protocols for the citizen science and DNA metabarcoding research project 'InsectMobile' at the Natural History Museum of Denmark/University of Copenhagen 2017-2021. The protocol(s) cover all methodological steps from sample pre-processing to library build for next-generation-sequencing on a HiSeq 4000 150 bp PE platform. Samples are collected with car rooftop-mounted insect nets by citizen scientists in the month of June 2018-2020 and the detachable end of the net containing flying insects is shipped to the laboratories at the Natural History Museum of Denmark/GLOBE Institute in containers containing 96% ethanol. The insects are then size sorted, the large size fraction is identified by morphology and counted, and the sample dry-weight is obtained after which the bulk samples are processed with a DNA metabarcoding protocol. Morphological identification of the insects is not covered by this protocol.
TaqMan qPCR assay for detecting Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) v1
Authors: Ahmed Osman Omneya , Töpel Mats , Larsson Tomas , Eiler Alexander
Published: November 2020

The fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) was first detected in Norway in 2017, and thus indicate the arrival of an invasive black-listed species in the country. Here we report the details of real time PCR assay which was used to screen for B. dendrobatidis from water samples collected from different locations in Norway.
Mini culture slants for long term storage of fungi v1
Authors: Li You , Hulcr Jiri
Published: November 2020

This protocol describes how to store fungi in slants. This protocol is part of the Bark Beetle Mycobiome (BBM) Research Coordination Network. For more information on the BBM international network: Hulcr J, Barnes I, De Beer ZW, Duong TA, Gazis R, Johnson AJ, Jusino MA, Kasson MT, Li Y, Lynch S, Mayers C, Musvuugwa T, Roets F, Seltmann KC, Six D, Vanderpool D, & Villari C. 2020. Bark beetle mycobiome: collaboratively defined research priorities on a widespread insect-fungus symbiosis. Symbiosis 81: 101–113 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13199-020-00686-9.
Nuclei isolation from human lung using grinding for snATAC-seq v1
Authors: for Epigenomics UCSD Center
Published: November 2020

Protocol describing nuclei isolation from frozen tissue including lung using grinding for single nucleus ATAC-seq.
Nuclei preparation from human lung using grinding forsnRNA-seq v1
Authors: for Epigenomics UCSD Center
Published: November 2020

Protocol describing nuclei isolation from frozen tissue including lung using grinding for droplet-based single nucleus RNA-seq.
SensingSelf S1 Rapid Antigen Test (Saliva/Sputum/Stool) v2
Authors: C Gandhi Shripal , Purnama Santo , Patel Keyur , Sukumara Praveen , Rinu R Ravi Dr
Published: November 2020

Summary: The S1 COVID-19 Rapid Antigen test kit developed by Sensing Self Pte. Ltd. can quickly and qualitatively detect the spike glycoprotein of novel coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) in human saliva/sputum/stool samples. It can be used as an aid for COVID-19 diagnosis. Objective: According to the clinical trial plan, the S1 COVID-19 Rapid Antigen test kit or “test reagent”, is to test saliva/sputum/stool samples from healthy subjects and confirmed COVID-19 patients. Test results are compared with another commercial SARS-COV-2 nucleic acid detection kit with CFDA approval, which is defined as the “gold standard”. The sensitivity, specificity, and total agreement rate are used to evaluate the feasibility of the test reagent in clinical applications. Method: A collection of clinical samples were examined by the S1 COVID-19 Rapid Antigen test kit and the gold standard SARS-COV-2 nucleic acid detection kit in parallel, to calculate the clinical sensitivity, clinical specificity and total agreement rate of the test reagent. Results: Compared to the gold standard, the clinical sensitivity of test reagent reached 90.0%, the clinical specificity reached 100.0%, and the total coincidence rate reached 95.0%. Conclusions: The performance of test reagent has a high agreement rate with the gold standard, proving its good feasibility in diagnosing suspected COVID-19 cases. Some of the sample collection steps were adapted from the published protocol: https://www.protocols.io/view/saliva-collection-and-rna-extraction-for-sars-cov-bh6mj9c6
Freeze-drying (Lyophilization) and manufacturing of Corona Detective assay v2
Authors: Aidelberg Guy , Aronoff Rachel
Published: November 2020

A protocol for freeze-drying (Lyophilization) of CoronaDetective tests, and more generally any QUASR RT-LAMP reaction. The amounts here are for one 96 well standard PCR plate and for reactions This can be scaled for any amount and size.
Management of pancreatic trauma in adult patients at tertiary care institute of Gujarat, India
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, Smt. NHL Municipal Medical College and SVP Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujrat, India, Chandana Dr. Krunal , Patel Dr. Priyank ,   Consultant, VS General Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
Published: November 2020

Background and Aim: Pancreatic trauma is rare compared to other solid organ injuries of theabdomen. These injuries are difficult to diagnose and pose a problem in treatment strategy. Thisretrospective study aims to report our tertiary center experience in the management of pancreatictrauma. Material and Methods: The present study is one and half year observational study of 30patients who underwent pancreatic trauma management in the Department of Surgery, tertiary careinstitute of Gujarat. Demographic data and baseline characteristics were recorded, including age,sex, medical co-morbidities, mechanism of pancreatic trauma, length of the hospital stay, andassociated extrapancreatic injuries. All patients underwent a CT scan for the diagnosis of pancreaticinjury. Grading of pancreatic trauma was carried out according to the American Association forsurgery for Trauma (AAST). Results: Road traffic accident (RTA) (n=20) was the leading cause ofpancreatic trauma in the study population followed by fall from height (n=7) and assault (n=3). Themajority of the study population had Grade III pancreatic injury (n=12) followed by Grade IV (n=8),Grade II (n=7), and Grade I (n=3) injuries. No patients had Grade V injury. Isolated pancreatictrauma was seen in 13 patients. Associated liver and spleen injury was seen in 15 patients. Renaltrauma was seen in 2 patients. The extra-abdominal injury was seen to be associated withpancreatic injury in 7 patients. Conclusion: Pancreatic trauma can be managed conservativelyirrespective of the grade of injury supported by radiological percutaneous drainage and pancreaticduct stenting in selective cases.
Radiation-induced erectile dysfunction in patients with prostate cancer: current methods of radiotherapy
Authors: Novikov R. V. , Novikov S. N. , Protoshchak V. V. , Dzhalilov I. B.
Published: November 2020

In recent years, significant changes have taken place in the treatment of prostate cancer. Modern radiation treatment technologies are beginning to take a leading position not only in localized and locally-advanced forms of the disease, but also in the case of oligometastatic process. This encourages a natural interest in various aspects of radiation therapy of prostate cancer, in particular its effects on erectile function status. Analysis of domestic literature shows the complete absence of publications on the technical possibilities of radiation therapy to preserve potency after treatment. The purpose of this work was to highlight this critical issue.
Current opportunities of therapy for patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Alekseev B. Ya. , Nushko K. M. , Kozlova P. S. , Kaprin A. D. , Mailyan O. I.
Published: November 2020

Prostate cancer is one of the most common urological malignancies. Improved diagnostic methods and widespread implementation of mandatory prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing in a number of clinics have led to an increase in the number of timely diagnosed cases of localized and locally advanced prostate cancer, as well as to the expansion of indications for radical therapies. Nevertheless, 30 % to 50 % of patients (depending on their risk) develop biochemical relapse after surgery or radiotherapy. Non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer is usually a result of disease progression after radical treatment and long-term androgen-deprivation therapy, which manifests by constant increase in the PSA level along with castrate level of testosterone and no distant metastases according to the results of comprehensive radiological examination. A number of large clinical studies have demonstrated that regular examinations and control of PSA doubling time (main prognostic factor associated with poor disease outcome) are crucial to increase survival and prevent the development of distant metastases.This paper aims to provide an overview of existing literature on the problems associated with diagnosis and treatment of non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. We have analyzed large randomized studies that demonstrated an increase in the overall survival of patients receiving selective androgen receptor antagonists.
An interim analysis of non-interventional study of the epidemiology and natural history of non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in Russia
Authors: Alekseev B. Ya. , Nyushko K. M. , Gafanov R. A. , Kirichek A. A. , Anzhiganova Yu. V. , Kopyltsov E. I. , Sundui Yu. Yu. , Matveev V. B.
Published: November 2020

Objective: to study the clinical and demographic profile of patients with non-metatstatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) and clinical approaches to the treatment of nmCRPC in the context of daily medical practice before and after progression M1 stage.Materials and methods. The multicenter non-interventional epidemiological study is planned to include 200 patients with a documented diagnosis of nmCRPC from 2019 to 2020. The interim report has included data on 108 patients from 13 centers located in different regions of the Russian Federation. The median age of the patients was 73 (55—90) years.Results and conclusion. When the diagnosis of nmCRPC was made, the median prostate specific antigen was 8.23 (0.17—116.9) ng/ml, and the prostate specific antigen doubling time was 6 (1—50) months. When diagnosed nmCRPC, 86 patients (79.6 %) underwent a change of therapy, of which 42 % were prescribed modern regimens containing the new generation non-steroid antiandrogens (apalutamide, enzalutamide).
NORMATIVE PLANNING PROCESSES OF CONSUMPTION AND REPLENISHMENT RESOURCES OF GROUPING WITH DELIVERY NEW OBJECTS
Authors: Lienkov Ye.S.
Published: November 2020

The article describes the features and results of normative planning processes of spending and replenishing the grouping resource with the supply of new objects. The troops have an important task of timely planning for the repair of weapons and military equipment and supplies to the grouping of new objects. It is shown that the solution to this problem is possible only through the use of a mathematical model process of spending and replenishing the technical resource of grouping objects. Using it, you can predict the composition and resource of the group and calculate the optimal plans for maintaining the combat readiness of the group. The launch of the presented algorithm involves the use of a previously developed enlarged structural diagram of a modeling algorithm. The number of implementations of the modeling process and a certain coefficient that sets the range of the limit on the consumption of the resource of objects in percent are set. The block diagram of the modeling algorithm in the standard planning mode plus the supply of new facilities is presented. It is essentially an extension of the previous algorithm. The initial information, as before, is GR and TipO data structures. The required (minimum acceptable) number of objects in the grouping is added to them. The results are shown for two calculation options: for a single case simulation implementation and for 100 implementations. This allows us to compare the obtained data and qualitatively assess nature of the effect on the type of graphs numbers of simulation implementations. The block diagram of the algorithm for modeling the process of spending and replenishing a resource in the User Planning mode without supplying new objects is presented. The form for displaying simulation results (graphs) in the User Planning mode is no different from the form for presenting the results obtained in the Normative Planning modes. Showing examples of the presentation of these results.
The Effect of Cleanroom Design and Manufacturing Systems on the Microbiological Contamination of Aseptically Filled Products
Authors: Frieben William
Published: November 2020

Although cleanroom technology is employed in both the microelectronics and the pharmaceutical industry, the objectives of the two industries are different. The microelectronics industry is concerned about very small particles (i.e. < 0.3μm) in the manufacturing environment and often spends large amounts of money to control pariculate matter in the environment. The pharmaceutical industry, on the other hand, directs its efforts toward minimizing the risk of microbiological contamination. While the cleanroom extremes employed by the microelectronics industry certainly would not harm the quality of pharmaceutical products, they may not be the most cost-effective methods to minimize microbiological contamination. This paper explores various types of manufacturing constraints that can be employed to improve the sterility assurance of aseptically manufactured products.
Transportation Environments of Fresh Produce
Authors: Peleg Kalman , Hinga Shalom
Published: November 2020

A produce distribution survey was conducted to develop a calculated risk approach to packaging systems design. A database for simulating shock and vibration inputs was derived from two instrumented surveys of typical transport routes of apples and citrus fruit. These comprised spectral envelopes encompassing different truck types and road conditions, and a ship voyage from Haifa port in Israel to Marseille, France.

Intermittent transient accelerations were segregated from continuous steady-state vibration records and presented separately as Fourier spectrum envelopes. Handling shocks sustained by pallet loads during forklift loading and unloading are also reported.
Testing of Satellites After Ground Storage
Authors: Laube Robert
Published: November 2020

This paper presents data about the effects of storage, the storage practices of several Space Division programs, and the failures identified by functional and environmental post-storage tests. The failure data are the basis for plots to approximate the risk of orbital failure as a function of storage time for different types of tests. Since the determination of an appropriate test program has to also consider the program impact of conducting a test, no one test program can be recommended. However, some program considerations are discussed. The aim of the paper is to provide data to assist in an informed decision about post-storage testing.
Performance of a Laboratory Clean Room
Authors: Liu B.Y. , Lee J. , Pui D.Y. , Ahn K. , Gilbert S.
Published: November 2020

The performance of a small, 52 square meter laboratory clean room at the University of Minnesota has been evaluated using a system of aerosol measuring and monitoring instruments. Aerosol in the ambient atmosphere and in the clean room has been measured simultaneously using a condensation nucleus counter and diffusion battery, a differential mobility particle sizer and two laser optical particle counters to provide concentration and size distribution data between 0.002 to 10 μm diameters. The diurnal variation of the condensation nuclei concentration in the clean room has been found to follow closely that in the ambient atmosphere. This suggests that particles in the CNC range measured in the clean room have their origin in the ambient atmosphere and that the clean room filter does not provide a perfect shield between indoor and outdoor air for these small particles. The ratio of clean room CMC to ambient CNC counts has been found to range from 7 × 10−7 when the ambient CNC count is low (1 × 105 per cc) to 2 × 10−7 when the ambient CNC count is high (1 × 106 per cc). This can be explained by the smaller size of the airborne particles in the ambient atmosphere under high concentration conditions and the greater efficiency of the HEPA filters for these particles.
Particle Size Distributions in Clean Rooms
Authors: Ensor David , Donovan Robert , Locke Bruce
Published: November 2020

Measurements of particle size distributions smaller than 0.1 μm in Class 100 clean rooms are summarized. The size distributions were measured in operational rooms during periods of time with little activity—the so-called "at rest" conditions. A simple particle number balance model is proposed, illustrating the importance of filter penetration and atmospheric aerosol on the concentration of submicrometer particles. Preliminary calculations are used to explain the absence of < 0.1 μm diameter particles in the clean rooms tested. A ratio of condensation nucleus counter concentration to optical particle counter concentration is suggested as a parameter to provide an indication of changes in clean room particle size distribution.
Fatigue Damage Accumulation Prediction for Combined Sine and Random Stresses
Authors: Lambert Ronald
Published: November 2020

Simple closed-form expressions have been derived to predict fatigue life, damage accumulation, and other fatigue parameters of interest for structural elements with combined sinusoidal (sine) and narrowband Gaussian random stresses. These equations are expressed in common engineering terms. The sine and random only stress situations are special cases of the more general combined sine/random stress situation. They also have application for establishing vibration workmanship screens. Numerical examples are also included.
Experience, Problems, and Subtleties of Electrostatic Discharge at JPL
Authors: Woods William
Published: November 2020

As electronics hardware grows more prevalent and sophisticated, it becomes more susceptible to problems such as electrostatic discharge (ESD). At the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), control of ESD is extremely important because of the high costs of spacecraft for planetary exploration, the increasing lengths of planetary missions, the vulnerability of electronic components, budgetary constraints, and the overall complexity of various components in the spacecraft.

Three approaches are used at JPL to control ESD. A six-member ESD committee, a series of seven documents, and knowledge based on experience are combined to deal with ESD problems.

Observations show that most damage from ESD occurs for one of two reasons: either one or more persons have failed to comply with clearly listed or defined requirements or certain subtleties are not readily or initially apparent.

Specific experience with ESD problems is discussed.
VLSI Testing And Screening
Authors: Birolini A.
Published: November 2020

Testing is necessary to verify that very large scale integration ICs (VLSI-ICs) conform to their specifications. This can grow from a more or less reduced incoming inspection test to a full qualification test consisting of a characterization, environmental tests, reliability tests, and failure analysis. The aim of a screening is to eliminate weak ICs that would cause early failures.

This article presents the possibilities and limits of testing and screening very large scale integration ICs (VLSI-ICs). Practical results are given, and the procedures for the qualification of these ICs are discussed. The concept of test strategy is introduced, and the question of the choice between 100 percent and sampling inspection test is answered.
Reliability Prediction of Electronic Packages
Authors: Dasgupta Abhijit , Barker Donald , Pecht Michael
Published: November 2020

The electronics industry traditionally addresses the issue of life-cycle prediction of electronic devices as a constant failure rate problem by assuming that a burn-in period has been completed and that wear-out will not occur within the designed service life of the device. Although some electrical characteristics of electronic devices may exhibit early and random failures, the majority of failures in electronic packages are due to mechanical failure mechanisms such as fracture, fatigue, and corrosion. These failures are primarily wear-out phenomena rather than statistically random phenomena and hence cannot be characterized as a constant failure-rate process during any significant segment of the life of the device.

This article provides an overview of the state-of-the-art in generating analytical models for fatigue life estimation due to mechanical wear-out, and to critically examine the applicability of these models in the reliability prediction of electronic packages.
Internal Contamination in the Wide Field/Planetary Camera
Authors: Maag Carl , Millard Jerry , Anderson Mark
Published: November 2020

Following thermal vacuum/thermal balance testing, a gray haze was discovered on the corners of the Wide Field/Planetary Camera (WF/PC) aperture window. The phenomenon was suggested to be a result of molecular transport from a low outgassing structural adhesive. Detailed analyses, both chemical and analytical, were conducted to assess the formation of the haze. Each material was considered individually, as it was not known if the actual contamination was a result of one, many, or possibly none of the materials considered. Results of the analytical assessment and the comparison with the aforementioned chemical analyses provided incontrovertible evidence as to the cause of the window haze. The resultant cleanup and subsequent elimination of the problem are also addressed.
Durability Analysis Using Fracture Mechanics For Avionics Integrity
Authors: Burkhard Alan , Leak Chris
Published: November 2020

Avionic assemblies are complex hybrid structures formed out of many dissimilar materials that have been joined together to accomplish the desired electronic function. The structural integrity of these complex microscale structures is critical to the reliability of the electronic system. This paper discusses the principal results of a research program to investigate the application of fracture mechanics techniques for life prediction to these small structures.
Desert Storm Environmental Effects
Authors: Kimball E.
Published: November 2020

Recent forward deployment of an air defense system launch station resulted in the need to collect comprehensive new information on Saudi Arabian environmental extremes. This article includes a discussion on equipment reliability when it is exposed to abnormally high temperatures, severe dust storms, and salt fog which would be experienced during Desert Storm operations.
Size Response Characteristics of a Wafer Surface Scanner for Nonideal, Real-World Particles
Authors: Chae Seung-Ki , Lee HaeOk , Y. H. Benjamin
Published: November 2020

The response of a wafer surface scanner is usually determined by means of calibration wafers carrying polystyrene latex (PSL) spheres. The responses of a scanner to real-world contaminant particles with a nonspherical particle shape and a different refractive index are generally not well-understood. In this paper, uniform-sized particles of Al, Al2 O3 Si, SiO2, Si3 N4 and Zn have been deposited onto bare silicon wafers for use as calibration standards to study the response of wafer surface scanners to nonspherical, real-world particles. The particles used were irregular in shape and covered a size range of 0.2 μm to 1.0 μm. The morphological characteristics of the particles have been examined by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The experimental response of a commercially available wafer surface scanner (Tencor Surfscan-4000) to these uniform-sized, nonspherical particles has been determined. The experimentally determined response of the wafer surface scanner has been compared with theoretical calculations based on Mie scattering and Fresnel surface reflections.