bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-elemental and Strontium-Neodymium Isotopic Signatures in Charred Wood: Potential for Wood Provenance Studies
Authors: Štulc Anna Imbert , Poszwa Anne , Ponton Stéphane , Dupouey Jean-Luc , Bouchez Julien , Bardin Jérémie , Delarue Frédéric , Coubray Sylvie , Lemoine Michel , Rose Christophe , Ruelle Julien , Beuret Maximilien , Tu Thanh Thuy Nguyen , Dufraisse Alexa
Published: March 2023

The chemical composition of the wood reflects the composition of the soil over which the corresponding tree has developed. Multi-elemental and isotopic signatures, which are characteristic of the soil and underlying rock substrates, are potentially powerful tools for determining wood provenance. These tracers are of special interest for charred archaeological wood because they circumvent some limitations of dendrochronological provenancing linked to tree-ring loss. However, thermal degradation may introduce a significant bias in wood chemical and isotopic analyses. This experimental study focused on the effects of carbonization temperature on three geochemical wood markers: elemental signatures and isotopic signatures of strontium and neodymium (86Sr/87Sr and 143Nd/144Nd, respectively). Wood specimens from a variety of oak trees and stand locations were pyrolyzed at four temperatures (ranging from 200°C to 800°C) and analyzed using ICP-MS and μ-XRF (X-ray fluorescence) spectroscopy for elemental composition and with multiple collection ICP-MS (MC-ICP-MS) for strontium (Sr) and neodymium (Nd) isotope composition. The concentration of mineral nutrients generally increased with temperature, but the magnitude of the enrichment depended on the element, wood compartment (sapwood vs. heartwood), and geological substrate. The concentrations of rubidium, strontium, manganese, magnesium, potassium, and, to a lesser extent, calcium, were minimally affected by temperature, wood compartment, and substrate. The ratios between the concentrations of these elements, as well as the 86Sr/87Sr and 143Nd/144Nd isotope ratios, were stable over the entire temperature range. However, only 86Sr/87Sr and selected elemental ratios (calcium or magnesium normalized to manganese) were successful for site discrimination. Therefore, our multi-tracer approach provides promising new information to determine the provenance of charred archaeological wood.
New and poorly known species of the genus Brachyllus Brenske, 1896 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) from China
Authors: ZHAO MING-ZHI , QI ZHI-HAO , SU RONG-XIANG , LIAO TAO-KUN
Published: March 2023

Three new species of the genus Brachyllus Brenske, 1896 are described from China including Brachyllus songhaitiani Zhao, Qi, Su & Liao, new species from Fujian and Jiangxi, B. dongzhiweii Zhao, new species from Xizang and B. tangzhaoyangi Zhao, new species from Guangxi. Brachyllus langeri Keith, 2008 is downgraded to a subspecies of B. rougeriei Keith, 2003 and reported from China for the first time. Newly collected material of B. deuveianus Keith, 2003 allows better definition of its variability. A distribution map for this genus is also presented.
Methyltransferase 3 beta (DNMT3B) inhibition by decitabine promotes endometrial carcinoma cell apoptosis by autophagy induction
Authors: Liu Mingming , Liang Yuting
Published: March 2023

Autophagy regulates endometrial cancer cell apoptosis and inhibits endometrial cancer development; however, the specific underlying mechanisms are unclear. The effects of DNA methylation on endometrial cancer cell autophagy were explored in HEC-1B cells using decitabine, a DNA methylase
inhibitor. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot (WB) analyses were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of DNA methylase (DNMT3B), autophagy-related genes LC3B and Beclin-1, and apoptosis-related genes Bax and Bcl-2. High-purity and high-quality RNA
was obtained by nano-magnetic bead extraction, to ensure highly accurate RT-qPCR and WB results. MTT cell viability assay, scratch assay, and Transwell migration assay were utilized to detect the proliferation and migration of HEC-1B cells. The results showed that decitabine significantly
inhibited the expression of DNMT3B protein and mRNA, with 25 μM decitabine being the most effective. In subsequent experiments, this concentration of decitabine was used. The low DNMT3B expression significantly inhibited the expression of Beclin-1 and LC3B proteins (***P <0.001
and *P <0.05) and mRNA (*P <0.05 and *P <0.05). Decitabine promoted the mRNA and protein expression of apoptotic factor Bax (*P < 0.05 and *P < 0.05), while inhibiting the mRNA protein expression of anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 (***P
<0.001 and *P <0.05). MTT assay results showed decreased proliferation of HEC-1B cells following inhibition of DNMT3B expression by decitabine, which was significantly different from that of the NC group (*P <0.05). The results of the cell scratch and Transwell migration
assays showed reduced migration ability of HEC-1B cells compared to that observed in the NC group (**P <0.01 and *P <0.05). These results show that decitabine inhibits DNMT3B expression, and low DNMT3B levels regulate the expression of autophagy- and apoptosis-related factors,
thereby inhibiting the proliferation and migration of endometrial cancer cells.
Effect of nanomaterial assisted comprehensive nursing on the recovery of patients with meniscus injury after knee arthroscopy
Authors: Feng Caihong , Li Lijun , Cao Hong
Published: March 2023

To explore the clinical effect of comprehensive nursing intervention on meniscus injury patients undergoing knee arthroscopy. Ninety-one patients with meniscus injuries were selected as research subjects from January 2019 to June 2021 and were divided into a control group (n
= 45) and an observation group (n = 46). All patients received routine nursing intervention and wounds were treated with nano-silver antibacterial gel. The observation group received a comprehensive nursing intervention. Based on routine nursing, the rehabilitation effect of the two
groups was compared. Meniscus pain, knee function, mental state, and postoperative complications of the two groups were analyzed. Before nursing, there were no significant differences in VAS score, knee joint function, and mental state between the two groups (P >0.05). After comprehensive
nursing, the Lysholm score and Tegner score of the observation group were higher than the control group, while the VAS score, SAS, and SDS score were lower than the control group (P <0.05). After comprehensive nursing, the patient’s knee function recovery and the incidence
of postoperative complications were significantly reduced. The patient satisfaction with nursing was higher and the overall nursing effect was better than the control group (P >0.05). Comprehensive nursing applied in arthroscopic surgery for patients with knee meniscus injury had
a good recovery effect and reduced pain.
Synthesis of coatings on simulated body fluid in presence of Ag nanoparticles on NiTi archwires
Authors: Herrera Gabriela Javalera , Monreal Romero Humberto Alejandro , López Meléndez Claudia , Carreño-Gallardo Caleb , Piñon Teresa Perez , Chavira Luis Montes , Chacón-Nava José Guadalupe
Published: March 2023

In this study, coatings were synthesized on simulated body fluid (SBF) in the presence of silver nanoparticles on the surface of nickel-titanium archwires. The coatings were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray energy dispersive
analysis (EDS), fast Fourier transform (FFT), force spectral density (PSD) analysis, surface geometry analysis and particle distribution analysis. The results show the efficiency of the electrostatic interaction of the SBF substrate and Ag nanoparticles in the formation of the coatings. The
Ag nanoparticles in the coatings had diameters of approximately 50–150 nm. The pH and temperature conditions within the solution were optimized using a static technique. The functionality of the coatings and their relationship with the dominant wavelength in the force spectral density
(PSD) and fast Fourier transform (FFT) analyses; were analyzed. This method opens up a new route for the synthesis of coatings in various body fluids using other biocompatible materials.
Development of zinc oxide nanoparticles as safe coating for the shelf life extension of grapes (Vitisvinifera L., Red Globe) fruits
Authors: Kadi Roqayah H.
Published: March 2023

The effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles coating (NZO) developed from chitosan (CH) with incorporation of bergamot essential oil (BO) were investigated to extend the shelf life of grapes (Vitisvinifera L., Red Globe). Treated and untreated grapes were determined for some postharvest
and phytochemical properties such as decay incidence, firmness, polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity (PPO), proximate analysis, and sensory evaluations. Besides, that microbial growth against S. typhimurium bacteria was also evaluated during 16 days of storage period of grapes at 25 °C.
Descriptions of coating treatments were the following; control “COL” (distilled water/glycerol (1%)/acetic acid (0.5%)); chitosan “CH” with priority 85% (1%), distilled water/glycerol (1%)/acetic acid (0.5%); chitosan/nano zinc oxide (1%), partial size of (15 nm) “CH-NZO;”
chitosan/nano zinc oxide/bergamot oil (1%) “CH-NZO-BO.” The control treated berries started to rot after 7 days; the noted highest corruption on 16th day s of storage (32.51). While CH berries coated became rotten after 9 days, those coated with CH–NZO and CH–NZO–BO
achieved the lowest decay incidence percentage with no remarkable differences after 16 days (10.11% and 9.13%), respectively. The loss of firmness value was more seriously considered for the COL berries 3.84 N after the 16th day. On the other hand, the highest firmness value was for CH–NZO–BO
which recorded 8.27 N. In the same trend, CH and CH–NZO achieved similar values after 16 days (6.31 N and 6.98 N), respectively. The lowest PPO activity was observed for COL berries at 0.31 Unit/Minute after 16 days of storage. Though, the highest activity was recorded by CH–NZO–BO
treatment at 0.99 Unit/Minute. The content of proteins was between 2.32 and 3.04%, fats between 0.30 and 0.43%, and total carbohydrates between 78.47 and 78.65% on the 16th day of storage. The highest reduction in the numbers of microbial growth 2.78 Log CFU/Berry occurred by coating with
CH–NZO–BO at the end of the storage period, while no inhibition was detected with COL and CH treatments which recorded 4.99 and 4.69 Log CFU/Berry, respectively. The visual aspect in COL samples showed a serious reduction of 1.10 with high rates of dehydration and browning, while
CH-NZO–BO samples showed the highest rate of 4.33. CH–NZO–BO samples also showed a relatively high rate of firmness of 4.11, crunchiness of 3.92, and sourness of 3.53. CH–NZO recorded the highest rates for juiciness 4.15 and sweetness 3.51. Though, the CH–NZO–BO
coating can be recommended for food industry.
Amidst Clinical Dissonance: Offensive Agency as a Survival Strategy in Plural Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Ugwu Chidi
Published: March 2023

From the colonial days, the dibia (folk practitioner) in the Igbo-speaking southeast of Nigeria, as elsewhere, has been maligned by hegemonic Christianity and biomedicine. The consequent public reluctance to openly pursue indigenous healing remains a core part of the challenges to patronage the dibia has had to navigate. Drawing empirical materials from the Igbo town of Nsukka, this ethnographic account narrates how the dibia not only resists these hegemonic forces but even instrumentalizes their allures to advance folk healing. This I term forward or offensive agency, as against inclined or defensive agency along which lines decolonial and postcolonial discourses have ordinarily framed patterns of local reaction in much of today's South. In offensive agency, a smokescreen of change is projected by the locale, indicating, to an external eye, that change has happened while the core of the epistemic sphere in question remains shielded behind that façade of cosmetic change.
Teacher Predictors of Student Progress in Data-Based Writing Instruction: Knowledge, Skills, Beliefs, and Instructional Fidelity
Authors: Shanahan Emma , McMaster Kristen L. , Bresina Britta Cook , McKevett Nicole M. , Choi Seohyeon , Lembke Erica S.
Published: March 2023

Teacher-level factors are theoretically linked to student outcomes in data-based instruction (DBI; Lembke et al., 2018). Professional development and ongoing support can increase teachers’ knowledge, skills, and beliefs related to DBI, as well as their instructional fidelity (McMaster et al., 2020). However, less is known about how each of these teacher-level factors influences student progress during an intervention. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between several important teacher-level factors—teachers’ writing instruction fidelity, knowledge and skills related to DBI, explicit writing orientation, and writing instruction self-efficacy—and students’ writing growth. Participants were 49 U.S. elementary teachers and their 118 students struggling with early writing skills. Using hierarchical linear modeling, we found a significant positive relation between DBI knowledge and skills and student writing growth, but no relation was found between writing instruction fidelity, writing orientation, or self-efficacy and student writing growth. Implications for writing instruction fidelity measurement in DBI and professional development related to teachers’ DBI knowledge and skills are discussed.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Online Delivery of Affective Curriculum for Gifted Students
Authors: Desmet Ophélie A. , Cakmakci Huzeyfe , Tuzgen Abdullah
Published: March 2023

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the online delivery of an affective curriculum for gifted and talented youth to gain further understanding of its effectiveness and perceived advantages and disadvantages of delivering affective curriculum online. Using convergent parallel mixed-methods design, we evaluated data from 38 secondary education students and 4 camp counselors to examine their experiences with the online delivery of an affective curriculum. We found the curriculum effectively increased students' self-perceptions, planning, and self-monitoring. Further, camp counselors generally perceived the online delivery to be effective and identified several benefits of online delivery, such as increased access and easier differentiating. Yet, they continued to prefer a face-to-face delivery where possible. Implications for practice are discussed.
Men's lovesickness in Iberian chivalric romances in English: Anthony Munday's Palmendos (1589) and Primaleon of Greece, Book 1 (1595)
Authors: Álvarez-Recio Leticia
Published: March 2023

This article explores the language of love disease in two Iberian romances translated by Anthony Munday, namely Palmendos (1589) and Primaleon of Greece (1595). Special attention is paid to the way the personality of male types develops through the narrative, describing it by means of the medical vocabulary of melancholy. A comparative analysis of Munday's translations and their Spanish and French sources (published in 1511 and 1550, respectively) is carried out, thus offering a wider view of the discourse on melancholy in different European countries and at different stages during the sixteenth century.
Social support and social strain from children and subsequent health and well-being among older U.S. adults
Authors: Wilkinson Renae , Nakamura Julia S. , Kim Eric S. , VanderWeele Tyler J.
Published: March 2023

Social relationships contribute to well-being across the life course and may be especially vital resources for supporting healthy aging among older adults. This research examined associations between perceptions of social support and social strain from children assessed by older adult parents and 35 indicators of physical, behavioral, and psychosocial health and well-being. We utilized three waves of data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; N = 11,609), a diverse, national sample of U.S. adults over age 50. We found that increases in social support were associated with better subsequent outcomes on all psychological indicators (higher positive affect, life satisfaction, optimism, purpose in life, mastery, health mastery, financial mastery; lower depression, depressive symptoms, hopelessness, negative affect, perceived constraints) and most social factors (lower loneliness, greater likelihood of contact with children and other family) over the four-year follow-up period. Results also showed that increases in social strain were subsequently related to worse functioning across all indicators of psychological well-being and select social factors (i.e., higher loneliness) and psychological distress outcomes (i.e., higher hopelessness, negative affect, and perceived constraints). However, we did not find evidence that changes in social support and social strain were associated with physical health or health behavior outcomes.
Operationalizing the reading-into-writing construct in analytic rating scales: Effects of different approaches on rating
Authors: Lestari Santi B. , Brunfaut Tineke
Published: March 2023

Assessing integrated reading-into-writing task performances is known to be challenging, and analytic rating scales have been found to better facilitate the scoring of these performances than other common types of rating scales. However, little is known about how specific operationalizations of the reading-into-writing construct in analytic rating scales may affect rating quality, and by extension score inferences and uses. Using two different analytic rating scales as proxies for two approaches to reading-into-writing construct operationalization, this study investigated the extent to which these approaches affect rating reliability and consistency. Twenty raters rated a set of reading-into-writing performances twice, each time using a different analytic rating scale, and completed post-rating questionnaires. The findings resulting from our convergent explanatory mixed-method research design show that both analytic rating scales functioned well, further supporting the use of analytic rating scales for scoring reading-into-writing. Raters reported that either type of analytic rating scale prompted them to attend to the reading-related aspects of reading-into-writing, although rating these aspects remained more challenging than judging writing-related aspects. The two scales differed, however, in the extent to which they led raters to uniform interpretations of performance difficulty levels. This study has implications for reading-into-writing scale design and rater training.
Nomogram for predicting 90-day mortality in patients with Acinetobacter baumannii-caused hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia in the respiratory intensive care unit
Authors: Pei Yongjian , Huang Yongkang , Pan Xue , Yao Zhen , Chen Chen , Zhong Anyuan , Xing Yufei , Qian Bin , Minhua Shi , Zhou Tong
Published: March 2023

Objective

We built a prediction model of mortality risk in patients the with Acinetobacter baumannii (AB)-caused hospital-acquired (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).

Methods

In this retrospective study, 164 patients with AB lower respiratory tract infection were admitted to the respiratory intensive care unit (RICU) from January 2019 to August 2021 (29 with HAP, 135 with VAP) and grouped randomly into a training cohort (n = 115) and a validation cohort (n = 49). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and multivariate Cox regression were used to identify risk factors of 90-day mortality. We built a nomogram prediction model and evaluated model discrimination and calibration using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration curves, respectively.

Results

Four predictors (days in intensive care unit, infection with carbapenem-resistant AB, days of carbapenem use within 90 days of isolating AB, and septic shock) were used to build the nomogram. The AUC of the two groups was 0.922 and 0.823, respectively. The predictive model was well-calibrated; decision curve analysis showed the proposed nomogram would obtain a net benefit with threshold probability between 1% and 100%.

Conclusions

The nomogram model showed good performance, making it useful in managing patients with AB-caused HAP and VAP.
Migraine and risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: A population-based cohort study
Authors: Crowe Holly M , Wesselink Amelia K , Hatch Elizabeth E , Wise Lauren A , Jick Susan S
Published: March 2023

Background

Migraine is associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy through common pathophysiological features. This study evaluates the association between migraine diagnosis and treatment, and risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort study in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD, a large longitudinal database of patient records in the UK. We analyzed data from liveborn or stillborn singleton deliveries from 1993–2020 with at least 24 months of medical history and no history of cardiovascular disease (n = 1,049,839). We ascertained migraine through diagnosis or prescription codes before 20 weeks of gestation and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy through diagnosis codes between 20 weeks of pregnancy and delivery. We used log-binomial regression models to estimate the risk ratio and 95% confidence intervals, comparing risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy among individuals with migraine to those without migraine, adjusting for confounders.

Conclusions

A history of migraine prior to pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (RR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.09–1.26). The greatest risk was among those with pre-pregnancy migraine that persisted into the first trimester (RR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.35–2.50). Use of migraine medication was associated with a higher risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy compared to non-migraineurs (RR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.15–1.97). Results from this study indicate that migraine is a potential risk factor for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
Assessing Potential Effects of Climate Change on Highway-Runoff Flows and Loads in Southern New England by Using Planning-Level Space-for-Time Analyses
Authors: Jeznach Lillian C. , Granato Gregory E. , Sharar-Salgado Daniel , Jones Susan Cheung , Imig Daniel
Published: March 2023

Transportation agencies need information about the potential effects of climate change on the volume, quality, and treatment of stormwater to mitigate potential effects of runoff on receiving waters. To address these concerns, the U.S. Geological Survey and the Federal Highway Administration used the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project tool and the Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model to perform space-for-time stormwater quality analyses. This study indicated that spatial variations in precipitation statistics within and adjacent to southern New England are greater than projected climate-related changes for the centroid of this region. A dilution-factor analysis indicated that highway runoff would become a greater proportion of downstream flows if average event volumes or time between event midpoints increase and would become a smaller proportion of downstream flows if event durations increase. Highway-runoff yield analyses for total phosphorus (TP) indicate that uncertainty in water quality statistics results in variations in long-term average yields from about 1.69 to 7.96 times higher than the lowest TP values simulated. In comparison, variations in precipitation statistics cause yield variations that ranged from 1.41 to 1.76 for the different simulated concentrations. An analysis of stormwater treatment indicated that uncertainties in runoff treatment variables are also larger than the magnitude of climate variations. This study does not question the potentially large climate-related changes in hydrologic and hydraulic variables expected to occur in the foreseeable future. It does indicate that uncertainties in the current data and potential effects of land use change on stormwater quality and treatment variables are larger than the projected effects of climate change.
Does Compliance with Resuscitation Practice Guidelines Differ Between Pediatric Intensive Care Units and Cardiac Intensive Care Units?
Authors: Perry Tanya , Raymond Tia T. , Fishbein Joanna , Gaies Michael G. , Sweberg Todd
Published: March 2023

Objective: Hospitalized children with cardiac disease have the highest rate of cardiac arrest compared to other disease types. Different intensive care unit (ICU) models exist, but it remains unknown whether resuscitation guideline adherence is different between cardiac ICUs (CICU) and general pediatric ICUs (PICU). We hypothesize there is no difference in resuscitation practices between unit types. Design: Retrospective observational study. Setting: The American Heart Association's Get With The Guidelines®-Resuscitation (GWTG-R) registry. Patients: Children < 18 years old with medical or surgical cardiac disease who had cardiopulmonary arrest from 2014 to 2018. Intervention: None. Measurements and Main Results: Events were assessed for compliance with GWTG-R achievement measures of time to first chest compressions ≤ 1 min, time to intravenous/intraosseous epinephrine ≤ 5 min, time to first shock ≤ 2 min for ventricular fibrillation (VF)/pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT), and confirmation of endotracheal tube placement. Additional practices were evaluated for consistency with Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) recommendations. Eight hundred and eighty-six patients were evaluated, 687 (79%) in CICUs and 179 (21%) in PICUs. 484 (56%) had surgical cardiac disease. There were no differences in GWTG-R achievement measures or PALS recommendations between ICU types in univariable or multivariable models. Amiodarone, lidocaine, and nonstandard medication use did not differ by unit type. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) was more common in CICUs for both medical (16% vs 7%) and surgical (25% vs 2.5%) categories ( P < .0001). Conclusions: Resuscitation compliance for patients with cardiac disease is similar between CICUs and PICUs. Patients were more likely to receive ECPR in CICUs. Additional study should evaluate how ICU type affects arrest outcomes in children with cardiac disease.
Incidence of Delirium in Critically Ill Patients With and Without COVID-19
Authors: Westphal Glauco Adrieno , Fernandes Ruthy Perotto , Pereira Aline Braz , Moerschberger Mayara Schirmer , Pereira Mariana Rodrigues , Gonçalves Anderson Ricardo Roman
Published: March 2023

Background

It is known that patients with COVID-19 are at high risk of developing delirium. The aim of the study was to compare the incidence of delirium between critically ill patients with and without a diagnosis of COVID-19.

Methods

This is a retrospective study conducted in a southern Brazilian hospital from March 2020 to January 2021. Patients were divided into two groups: the COVID-19 group consisted of patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or serological tests who were admitted to specific ICUs. The non-COVID-19 group consisted of patients with other surgical and medical diagnoses who were admitted to non-COVID ICUs. All patients were evaluated daily using the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC). The two cohorts were compared in terms of the diagnosis of delirium.

Results

Of the 649 patients who remained more than 48 h in the ICU, 523 were eligible for the study (COVID-19 group: 292, non-COVID-19 group: 231). There were 119 (22.7%) patients who had at least one episode of delirium, including 96 (32.9%) in the COVID-19 group and 23 (10.0%) in the non-COVID-19 group (odds ratio [OR] 4.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.69 to 7.26; p < 0.001). Among patients mechanically ventilated for two days or more, the incidence of delirium did not differ between groups (COVID-19: 89/211, 42.1% vs non-COVID-19: 19/47, 40.4%; p  =  0.82). Logistic regression showed that the duration of mechanical ventilation was the only independent factor associated with delirium (p  =  0.001).

Conclusion

COVID-19 can be associated with a higher incidence of delirium among critically ill patients, but there was no difference in this incidence between groups when mechanical ventilation lasted two days or more.
Elastodynamics of an overconstrained 8-SS platform for touchdown impact force measurement
Authors: Zhou Caizhi , Han Youcheng , Guo Weizhong , Yang Jianzhong , Li Xinli
Published: March 2023

Passive overconstrained parallel mechanism has many advantages due to extra constraints to the platform. When applied to the force sensor field, it can increase the capability, stiffness and dynamic response of the sensor. In this study, an overconstrained [Formula: see text] platform is presented to measure the multi-dimensional landing impact force. Screw theory is used to obtain the concentrated inertia force. Then, by adding the inertial force into the VJM (Virtual Joint Method) stiffness model, the static analysis is extended to elastodynamics analysis. Natural frequency and modal are derived from the elastodynamics equation and show well agreement with the FEA result in Abaqus. Theoretical force measurement equation is deduced. The FEA simulation result proves the effectiveness of the theoretical equation. Experiments are also conducted to verify the feasibility of the platform.
Clinical Characteristics Risk Factors Associated With Fungal Infections Among Preterm Infants
Authors: Van Dem Pham , Mai Dinh Thi Phuong , Giang Nguyen Thuy , Thoi Vu Huu , Anh Do Tuan , Hao Cao Thi Bich , Mai Pham Thi , Linh Le Dieu , Tam Ngo Thi , Nam Nguyen Thanh
Published: March 2023

Objectives

To examine clinical characteristics and factors associated with fungal blood infection among preterm neonates in a tertiary hospital in Vietnam.

Methods

A case-control study of 32 preterm neonates with fungal infection (cases) and 303 preterm infants without fungal infection (controls) were treated at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Pediatrics Department, Bach Mai Hospital, in 2019. Clinical and laboratory characteristics were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with fungal infection.

Results

The rate of fungal infection was highest in very preterm infants (62.3%) and those had very low birth weight (60.9%). Among infants with invasive fungal infections, the most common fungus in the study was Candida albicans (56.5%), followed by Candida tropicalis (21.7%) and Candida parrapsilosis (8.7%). In addition, invasive fungal infections in preterm infants were associated with central venous catheterization (odds ratio [OR] = 10.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.5-41.9), anoxia (OR = 12.2, 95% CI = 2.8-53.1), and thrombocytopenia (OR = 4.4, 95% CI = 1.6-12.4).

Conclusion

Premature babies with invasive fungal infections are mostly very preterm or extremely preterm and have very low birth weight or extremely low birth weights. In addition, children with specific problems such as having a central venous catheter, hypoxia, and thrombocytopenia have a higher risk of fungal infections. These results suggest that appropriate measures are needed to reduce fungal infections and the dangers of fungal infections in this population.
Internationalisation and Climate Impacts of Higher Education: Towards an Analytical Framework
Authors: McCowan Tristan
Published: March 2023

Internationalisation of higher education has diverging implications for climate change, on the one hand entailing greenhouse gas emissions through mobility, but also contributing to climate action through international collaboration. These apparent contradictions and resulting trade-offs present significant challenges to universities. This paper puts forward a framework for understanding the combination of impacts, the interactions between them and implications for the climate crisis. It distinguishes between three dimensions of internationalisation: actors (movements of students and staff), practices (integration of the international into curriculum and research) and influence (the global reach of the various impacts of the university). Internationalisation in these three dimensions can have positive or negative implications for climate action and sustainability, through direct impacts (greenhouse gas emissions) and indirect ones (changes in individuals, societal structures, knowledge and technologies). Implications are drawn out for the actions and strategies of universities, as well as for the global system of higher education.
Keeping Pace With the Evolution of Illicit Darknet Fentanyl Markets: Using a Mixed Methods Approach to Identify Trust Signals and Develop a Vendor Trustworthiness Index
Authors: Maras Marie-Helen , Arsovska Jana , Wandt Adam Scott , Logie Kenji
Published: March 2023

Illicit darknet markets (DNMs) are highly uncertain and in a perpetual state of flux. These markets thrive in a zero-trust, high-risk environment. However, the trustworthiness of vendors plays a critical role in illicit transactions and the sustainability of the illegal trade of goods and services on DNMs. Focusing on the illicit fentanyl trade and applying signaling theory and embedded mixed methods design, we examined different ways that trustworthiness is signaled by vendors on darknet sites. Fentanyl, a synthetic opioid, in recent years, has been declared a public health emergency in the United States due to its high potency and unprecedented number of deaths associated with its use; however, the topic remains understudied and requires urgent attention. There are few studies that have focused on fentanyl trafficking on DNMs and no mixed method studies that have focused specifically on trust signals in DNM fentanyl networks. In our research, first, we conducted a focus group and in-depth interviews with criminal justice professionals to understand the inner workings of darknet sites, fentanyl networks, and how trust is assessed. Second, we scraped select darknet sites to collect and curate scraped data for later examination of vendor trustworthiness on DNMs. Third, using signaling theory to understand how vendors signal trustworthiness on select darknet sites selling drugs, including fentanyl, we applied both qualitative and quantitative content analysis of DNM features, and language used in vendor profiles, listings, and product/vendor reviews, to inform the development of a trustworthiness index. In this research, we used software, such as Atlas.ti and Python, to analyze our data. The main purpose of this article is to provide an in-depth description of the mixed methods approach we used to inform the development of a vendor trustworthiness index, which we used to examine trust between illicit fentanyl vendors and buyers. Our research can serve as a guide for the development of DNM vendor trustworthiness index for future research on other illegal markets.
Magnetorheological fluids: A concise review of composition, physicochemical properties, and models
Authors: Osial Magdalena , Pregowska Agnieszka , Warczak Magdalena , Giersig Michael
Published: March 2023

Magnetorheological fluids (MRFs) are classified as intelligent materials whose rheological and mechanical properties can be modified by interaction with an external magnetic field. These unique features allow for a controlled change of their viscosity, which is applied in technology to build adaptive devices and effectively suppress vibrations in various mechanical systems. In this paper, we overview and discuss our previous results regarding advances and physicochemical MRF properties in the context of broader literature. We concentrated on such properties as flow, yield strength, and viscoelastic behavior under shearing flows. We briefly discussed continuum and discrete MRFs modeling. Since the magnetic core is mainly based on iron or its compounds, depending on its chemical composition, morphology, stabilizing agents, and the liquid medium’s viscosity, its rheological and micromechanical properties can be moderated. To predict the behavior of such a fluid, it is necessary to propose and implement an appropriate model. Simple models like Bingham can consider the quasi-static and dynamic behavior of the MRFs, while discrete models are applied to the development and implementation of the MRF control algorithms. Thus, analytical and numerical simulation compromise the accuracy, quantity of considered phenomena, and computational cost.
Adolescents’ enjoyment in face-to-face physical education during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mata Carlos , Onofre Marcos , Costa João , Monteiro Diogo , Teixeira Diogo , Martins João
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on the routines of children and adolescents and on their level of involvement in physical activity (PA). The restrictive rules applied in this period affected the functioning of physical education (PE) classes in Portugal, and strongly limited student participation. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the affective attitude (enjoyment) of adolescents during face-to-face PE lessons during the COVID-19 pandemic (from September 2020), according to sex, education, and PA levels. The study included 1369 students (621 boys and 748 girls), aged 12–18 years, Mage: 14.4; SD: 1.74. A validated online questionnaire was distributed between November and December 2020, and the data were analyzed for positive and negative affective attitude, using MANCOVAs (multivariate analysis of covariance) adjusted for sociodemographic and behavioral variables. The results showed higher negative affective attitudes in younger boys when compared to older boys and to girls in the same education level. Younger less active boys also showed higher negative affective attitudes than less active girls.
Distinct patterns of GABAergic interneuron pathology in autism are associated with intellectual impairment and stereotypic behaviors
Authors: Dufour Brett D , McBride Erin , Bartley Trevor , Juarez Pablo , Martínez-Cerdeño Verónica
Published: March 2023

Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in social communication and repetitive behaviors. How specific anatomical alterations contribute to the clinical profile of autism spectrum disorder remains largely uncharacterized. We have previously shown that parvalbumin-positive Chandelier cells, a specific type of GABAergic interneuron, are reduced in number in the autism spectrum disorder prefrontal cortex. Here, we assessed the relationship between interneuron pathology with autism spectrum disorder symptom severity and comorbidity. We collected clinical records from autism ( n = 20) and control ( n = 19) brain donors, from whom we previously characterized GABAergic interneuron pathology in three regions of the prefrontal cortex (BA9, 46, and 47). We assessed the relationship between the severity of core symptoms, as indicated by Autism Diagnostic Interview—Revised scores, and Chandelier cell pathology in autism spectrum disorder, and also differences in interneuron pathology associated with autism spectrum disorder comorbidities. Total GABAergic interneuron number was significantly reduced in autism spectrum disorder cases with intellectual disability in the prefrontal cortex (PFC )—by 36.6% relative to autism spectrum disorder without intellectual disability and by 38.7% relative to neurotypical controls. The severity of autism spectrum disorder motor stereotypies was correlated with the severity of Chandelier cell loss in BA47, as indicated by reductions in parvalbumin+ interneurons and GABA transporter 1+ cartridges. Chandelier cell loss is associated with the core autism spectrum disorder symptom domain of restricted repetitive behaviors and likely plays a role in stereotypic motor mannerisms. Intellectual impairment in autism spectrum disorder reflects a more severe form of a common underlying neuropathology-cortical GABAergic interneuron loss.

Lay Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in sociability and communication and the presence of repetitive behaviors. How specific pathological alterations of the brain contribute to the clinical profile of autism spectrum disorder remains unknown. We previously found that a specific type of inhibitory interneuron is reduced in number in the autism spectrum disorder prefrontal cortex. Here, we assessed the relationship between interneuron reduction and autism spectrum disorder symptom severity. We collected clinical records from autism spectrum disorder ( n = 20) and assessed the relationship between the severity of symptoms and interneuron number. We found that the reduced number of inhibitory interneurons that we previously reported is linked to specific symptoms of autism spectrum disorder, particularly stereotypic movements and intellectual impairments.
Penal duress in (post)colonial Myanmar
Authors: Jefferson Andrew M. , Martin Tomas Max
Published: March 2023

This article explores the notion and nature of penal duress, illustrated through analysis of martial, penal practice in Myanmar. We examine prison labour and pone-san (a demeaning, defamatory and coercive control of prisoners’ bodies) to show how these two enduring practices of domination, subjection and constraint – understood, drawing on Ann Laura Stoler, as relations of duress – animate penal practice in powerful, productive and problematic ways. Resisting the urge to view imperial forms through a peripheralising northern lens, or solely in terms of continuity and discontinuity, we pursue an understanding of penal duress as a ubiquitous, yet distinctly situated and relational phenomenon that has taken form through local colonial experiences and their afterlives. In sum, we attend to ‘processes of partial inscriptions, modified displacements and amplified recuperations’ to discuss how relations of penal duress are endured and enduring in Myanmar today.
Exploring everyday resilience in the creative industries through devised theatre: A case of performing arts students and recent graduates in Ghana
Authors: Resario Rashida , Steedman Robin , Langevang Thilde
Published: March 2023

The concept of resilience has become widely used to account for how people respond both to acute crisis and, increasingly, to protracted precarity. Yet, cultural studies theorists have also vigorously critiqued resilience discourse as a tool of neoliberal governmentality. In this article, we turn from the discourse of resilience to the practice of resilience. We argue, through a case of theatre students and recent graduates in Ghana, that the practice of resilience can be both individual and collective. Moreover, we show that resilience practices involve the exercise of agency at various scales through the specific practices of coping, reworking, and resisting. Finally, we show the merits of using artistic research methods, such as devised theatre, to unveil the complex ways that creatives practice resilience in the everyday.
Front-page prominence and newspaper ownership: Examining US women’s national team coverage after 2015 and 2019 World Cup victories
Authors: Coche Roxane , Bell Travis R
Published: March 2023

The FIFA Women’s World Cup was a steeple of professional sport in the summers of 2015 and 2019. Did newspapers deem the story newsworthy enough to reach the front page? This content analysis of over 900 U.S. newspapers’ front pages published on July 6, 2015 (the day after the 2015 WWC final) or July 8, 2019 (the day after the 2019 WWC final) indicates that, for 1 day, newspapers avoided the trap of gendered, trivialized sport representation. Also, content changes highlight the potential impact from newspaper ownership consolidation on layout design that can have long-term implications for agenda-setting research.
Indigenous Research Methods to Build an Uncontested Space for Marketing Insight
Authors: Chan Kaye , Khamis Susie , Taylor Maureen , Waller David
Published: March 2023

Many countries have ethnically diverse populations and marketing practitioners need to consider these diversities when undertaking research, particularly when exploring sensitive topics. In Australia, Indigenous Australians make up 3.3% of the population and are a commonly researched audience to gauge attitudes and ensure cultural offense does not occur due to unintended consequences of marketing activity. However, obtaining information from such a vulnerable group using quantitively based surveys is often inappropriate or insensitive. This paper introduces to Euro-western market researchers the concepts of flipping and yarning as a market research approach that has been used by Indigenous Australians for thousands of years. This circular market research approach demonstrates that ensuring a cultural understanding of the community can provide a foundation for a research approach that is ‘considered’ and respectful. It is hoped that this type of methodology can be used with other vulnerable communities as well as other diverse groups.
The Proper Scope of the All-Subjected Principle
Authors: Inoue Akira
Published: March 2023

This article shows that the democratic borders argument is defensible, albeit not in the way Arash Abizadeh proposes. The democratic borders argument depends on the All-Subjected Principle, according to which the exercise of political power is justified only insofar as everyone who is subjected to that power is guaranteed a right to vote. According to the so-called “scope objection,” the scope of the All-Subjected Principle is too broad, however, and therefore, the argument can be refuted by reductio ad absurdum. Here I argue that Abizadeh’s appeal to the narrow-scope interpretation of jurisdictionally circumscribed legal requirements is not a plausible way of defusing this reductio. Instead, I show that the democratic borders argument is successful if the All-Subjected Principle consists of two individually sufficient conditions corresponding to narrow-scope and qualified wide-scope interpretations.
LINC00460 Facilitates Cell Proliferation and Inhibits Ferroptosis in Breast Cancer Through the miR-320a/MAL2 Axis
Authors: Zhang Chuanqiang , Xu Liang , Li Xiaowei , Chen Yueqiu , Shi Tongguo , Wang Qiang
Published: March 2023

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in the progression of multiple human cancers including breast cancer. In this study, we aimed to research novel functions of long intergenic noncoding RNA 460 (LINC00460) on cell proliferation and ferroptosis in breast cancer. Method: UALCAN, TANRIC, and GSE16446 data were used to analyze the expression of LINC00460 in breast cancer tissues. Furthermore, real-time quantitative PCR, western blot, cell proliferation assay, iron assay, and malondialdehyde (MDA) assay were applied to detect the function and mechanism of particular molecules. Results: The LINC00460 expression was significantly increased in breast cancer tissues compared with normal tissues. Importantly, patients with high LINC00460 expression showed a longer overall survival rate. LINC00460 knockdown markedly suppressed the proliferation of breast cancer cells and promoted ferroptosis. Mechanistic analysis revealed that LINC00460 promoted myelin and lymphocyte protein 2 (MAL2) expression by sponging miR-320a. Moreover, both miR-320a knockdown and MAL2 overexpression could reverse the effects of LINC00460 silencing on cell proliferation and ferroptosis. Conclusions: In summary, our results reveal an alternative mechanism by which breast cancer cells can acquire resistance to ferroptosis via the LINC00460/miR-320a/MAL2 axis.