bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feminidades masculinas y masculinidades femeninas
Authors: De Mauro Rucovsky Martin Adrian
Published: December 2020

En las siguientes páginas nos proponemos abordar la caja de herramientas que anima los abordajes alrededor del feminicidio y la violación sexual como figura paradigmática de la violencia heteropatriarcal en nuestra región. Tomaremos como punto de partida lo dicho y escrito por Rita Segato en vistas de dar cuenta de un estado de situación de la crítica en los estudios de género y feministas pero también avanzar en la profundización de una “crítica de la razón feminicida” (Virginia Cano, 2016) desde una perspectiva trans, lesbiana-gay, cuir-queer y posfeminista. Para tal propósito vamos a considerar, en particular, las variadas formas de las masculinidades femeninas, la masculinidad encarnada en cuerpos asignados como mujer, para disputar este conjunto de presupuestos implícitos en la caja de herramientas de Segato.
La intervención de Pedro I de Castilla en el alcázar de Carmona
Authors: Gumiel Campos Pablo
Published: December 2020

La ciudad de Carmona en el siglo XIV actuaba como la plaza fuerte de Sevilla y contaba con tres alcázares fortificados más un perímetro amurallado circundante a todo el casco urbano. Estos eran el alcázar de Abajo en el oeste de la ciudad, el alcázar de Puerta de Córdoba en el noreste, y el alcázar de Arriba en el este. Este último era la principal fortaleza de la ciudad desde época islámica. Bajo el reinado de Pedro I, se llevaron a cabo una serie de modificaciones en este castillo. Se reforzaron sus sistemas defensivos en el contexto de la guerra civil castellana, pero también se inició la construcción de un palacio en el interior a semejanza de los que se estaban construyendo en el resto de Castilla bajo la promoción de dicho monarca. Este artículo pretende analizar cuál fue la intervención específica del rey Pedro I sobre el alcázar carmonense.
Mektuplaşmanın Edebi Gelişime Etkisi
Authors: AKYILDIZ ERCAN Cemile , KÖSE Fehime Şeyma
Published: December 2020

Mektup, yazı geleneğinin en önemli parçalarından biridir. İnsanlar birbiri ile iletişim kurmak için tarih boyunca mektuplardan yararlanmışlardır. Uzaktaki bir yakına haber iletmek veya durumu ile ilgili bilgi vermek için, yani sadece haber amaçlı kullanılan mektup zamanla duygu ve düşünceleri de içermeye başlamış ve farklı bir boyut kazanmıştır. Çalışmamızın temelini oluşturan mektup yazma ihtiyacı dostlar arasında önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bunlara birçok örnek vermek olanaklıdır ama biz çalışmamızda Saliha Scheinhardt ile Aziz Nesin arasında gidip gelen mektupları ele alacağız. Bu mektuplarda ikili arasındaki dostluğu ve edebi yönlerini görmek olanaklıdır. İki edebiyatçının birbirlerine yazdıkları bu mektuplar incelendiğinde Saliha Scheinhardt’ın Aziz Nesin’den edebi anlamda büyük oranda etkilendiğini ve ona olan sevgi ve saygısını görmek olanaklıdır. Mektuplar doküman analizi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiş ve kodlamalar oluşturulmuştur. Araştırmamızın temelini oluşturan edebi gelişim ve etkileşim süreci ise yine söz konusu mektuplar baz alınarak değerlendirilmiştir. Mektupların analizi sonunda her iki edebiyatçının da birbirlerinden etkilendikleri ve birbirlerini etkiledikleri sonucuna varılmıştır.
IMPACTO DA GUERRA DO CONTESTADO NO IDEAL REFORMADOR DO EXÉRCITO E NA POLÍTICA DE DEFESA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Salomão Eduardo Rizzatti
Published: December 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir o impacto da Guerra do Contestado (1912- 1916) nas políticas de modernização e reorganização do Exército Brasileiro no século XX. Um dos propósitos é analisar os possíveis desdobramentos desse conflito no campo da política de defesa. Observa-se que, se o resultado da Primeira Guerra Mundial determinou a contratação da Missão Militar Francesa para operar a modernização do Exército Brasileiro, a campanha militar no Contestado evidenciou as debilidades da instituição militar e contribuiu decisivamente para a adoção de medidas reformadoras. Busca-se, também, evidenciar que o estudo desse conflito tem muito a revelar sobre a formação da mentalidade militar e o papel do Exército na sociedade brasileira.

 

This article aims to discuss the impact of the Contestado War (1912-1916) on the modernization and reorganization policies of the Brazilian Army in the 20th century. One of the purposes is to analyze the possible consequences of this conflict in the field of defense policy. It is observed that if the result of the 1st Word War determined the hiring of the French Military Mission to operate the modernization of the Brazilian Army, the military campaign in the Contestado highlighted the weaknesses of the military institution and contributed decisively to the adoption of reform measures. It also seeks to show that the study of this conflict has much to reveal about the formation of the military mentality and the role of the Army in the Brazilian society

 

Este artículo tiene por objetivo discutir el impacto de la Guerra del Contestado (1912- 1916) en las políticas de modernización y reorganización del Ejército Brasileño en el siglo XX. Uno de los propósitos es analizar los posibles desdoblamientos de ese conflicto en el campo de la política de defensa. Se observa que, si el resultado de la Primera Guerra Mundial determinó la contratación de la Misión Militar Francesa para operar la modernización del Ejército Brasileño, la campaña militar en el Contestado evidenció las debilidades de la institución militar y contribuyó decisivamente a la adopción de medidas reformadoras. Se busca, también, evidenciar que el estudio de ese conflicto tiene mucho que revelar sobre la formación de la mentalidad militar y el papel del Ejército en la sociedad brasileña. Palabras Clave: Contestado. Ejército brasileño. Política de defensa.
TRADICIONAL ABORDAGEM DE SISTEMAS DE INOVAÇÃO É ADEQUADA PARA COMPREENDER PROCESSOS NACIONAIS DE INOVAÇÃO?
Authors: Viegas Lúcia H. T.
Published: December 2020

A abordagem de Sistemas de Inovação é, ainda hoje, bastante empregada para examinar processos de produção de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação. Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar diferentes visadas sobre o enfoque sistêmico, destacando a abordagem dos Sistemas Nacionais de Inovação. Primeiramente, é indicada a origem dos estudos sobre sistemas de inovação. Posteriormente, são conceituados os sistemas de inovação globais, nacionais, setoriais e tecnológicos, conforme a literatura sobre inovação. A seguir, expõem-se algumas considerações sobre as limitações do emprego da abordagem tradicional de sistemas nacionais de inovação para a compreensão daqueles processos nacionais de inovações que são de fato dados. Espera-se, desse modo, colaborar para o entendimento do significado do processo de fomento a inovações para o desenvolvimento da sociedade brasileira.
SUPORTE LOGÍSTICO INTEGRADO:
Authors: Pângaro Emerson Luís de Araújo , Ramos Carlos Eduardo De Franciscis
Published: December 2020

A crescente evolução no emprego operacional de tropas militares tem demonstrado que a logística não tem sido capaz de atender, com a eficácia desejada, às necessidades atuais. A dificuldade precípua reside em conseguir o melhor custo-benefício na aquisição de novos sistemas complexos, mantendo-os operacionais durante a vida útil estimada. Conclui-se pela necessidade da implantação de práticas inovadoras nos processos de aquisição de sistemas militares de alta tecnologia. O processo delineado como Suporte Logístico Integrado (SLI) abrange o estado da arte referente à logística de material de emprego militar. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho tem o escopo de verificar a importância dos elementos de Suporte Logístico Integrado como determinantes das decisões estratégicas dos processos de aquisição de sistemas militares complexos no Exército Brasileiro.
COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE A ANÁLISE MULTICRITÉRIO (ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS - AHP) E O TESTE DE ACEITABILIDADE NA METODOLOGIA DE PLANEJAMENTO ESTRATÉGICO DA ESCOLA SUPERIOR DE GUERRA
Authors: Pinto Rafael Travincas , Spiller Eduardo Santiago , Nascimento Fábio Comanduci
Published: December 2020

O objetivo do presente artigo é analisar a possibilidade e os eventuais ganhos obtidos a partir do emprego do Método de Análise Hierárquica na seleção e priorização de linhas de ações estratégicas, em comparação com o teste de aceitabilidade, a partir da simulação de seu emprego na Metodologia de Planejamento Estratégico da Escola Superior de Guerra. A metodologia utilizada consistiu de pesquisa bibliográfica a respeito do tema planejamento estratégico e o processo hierárquico de análise – Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) –, posteriormente foi realizada uma simulação de aplicação do referido processo, comparando-o com o teste de aceitabilidade utilizado pela Metodologia de Planejamento Estratégico da Escola Superior de Guerra. Estes dados, após analisados, possibilitaram conclusões sobre o grau de adequabilidade da análise hierárquica na ordenação das linhas de ação estratégicas da metodologia de planejamento estratégico em pauta. A relevância do estudo está em contribuir para a defesa, segurança e desenvolvimento uma vez que busca apresentar alternativa de priorização das linhas de ação estratégicas conservadas, de modo a subsidiar o processo de tomada de decisão e tornar o planejamento estratégico mais eficiente e eficaz. Como resultado, demonstra a eficácia do uso da uma ferramenta de análise hierárquica, para a tomada de decisão do decisor estratégico na seleção da linha de ação estratégica conservado do planejamento estratégico.
GEOPOLÍTICA DEL CÁUCASO:
Authors: Júnior Helvécio de Jesus , Xavier João Ricardo Guilherme Zimmer
Published: December 2020

La guerra de Nagorno-Karabaj tuvo lugar entre 1988 y 1994, al principio entre las repúblicas soviéticas de Armenia y Azerbaiyán, y para su independencia en 1991, el conflicto continuó y tomó mayores proporciones. Debido a la importancia geopolítica de la región, los poderes globales y regionales comenzaron a influir en el conflicto que no se ha resuelto hasta la fecha, manteniendo un estado de "no guerra, no paz" con un alto el fuego que no causó el fin de las hostilidades. Así, este artículo presenta la historia del conflicto, sus aspectos geopolíticos y la acción de actores externos y sus intereses en la región.
CAPACIDADE EM DEFESA ALIMENTAR NAS FORÇAS ARMADAS BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Peixoto Fernanda Carvalho , De Melo Cristiano Barros
Published: December 2020

O presente trabalho discute o sistema de Defesa Alimentar e subsistemas,
pontuando elementos da logística, da segurança em saúde
1
humana e animal,
do comportamento e da inteligência estratégica resultado de busca retrospectiva
e descritiva sobre a ocorrência de surtos e catástrofes alimentares em diferentes
contextos com reflexos na redução da capacidade militar e do poder de combate.
Ao abordar questões sobre a percepção do risco com relação à vulnerabilidade
das reservas militares de água e alimentos e os reflexos no estado de prontidão da
força militar desdobrada, este texto busca projetar a inserção do presente tema em
discussões afetas à defesa nacional intrinsicamente relacionada à operacionalidade
da tropa. Trata-se de tema transversal que dialoga com diferentes setores securitários
e estratégicos de interesse da soberania brasileira. A contaminação das reservas
de água e alimentos pode levar ao desabastecimento e colapso de sua oferta e,
desta maneira, pode ser utilizada como meio de dissuasão e desestabilização de
uma força militar representando ameaça à defesa nacional.
O desenho do presente
estudo é majoritariamente qualitativo, exploratório-descritivo e de caráter
analítico. A técnica de pesquisa pode ser utilizada foi revisão bibliográfica e análise
de documentos.
Este artigo faz parte do trabalho de tese de doutorado da autora
no Curso de Pós-graduação em Ciências Animais da Universidade de Brasília, em
andamento.
Where Does Current Quorum Sensing Research Stand
Authors: Library Spring
Published: December 2020

Quorum quenching is achieved by inactivating signalling enzymes, by introducing molecules that mimic signalling molecules and block their receptors, by degrading signalling molecules themselves, or by a modification of the quorum sensing signals due to an enzyme activity.
Impact of Mobile Phone in Life Style of Gaddi Tribes
Authors: Raj Ravi , Kumar Rajesh , Kumar Vipin
Published: December 2020

The strong correlation between education and democracy has been widely accepted and explored in many ways. This study is inspired by the quest for the democratization of school education through the lenses of social science learning at the secondary education level in the Indian context. The study tried to visualize to what extent schooling contributes to the making of democratic beings. Education for democratic citizenship is directed by various factors such as school education policies, curriculum frameworks, curricular and co-curricular activities or indirectly by attitudes and practices through which democratic knowledge, skills, values and attitudes is constructed to create a future democratic citizen. Thus, to give light to this area, a qualitative study has been designed to look at the selected components of education for democratic citizenship in school settings. The Research investigated social science teachers and student’s views on democracy and its practices to examine how close these schools were to become ‘democratic schools’. Results showed that teaching of teaching for democracy is not as it is presented in literature and educational document. This study is meant to grab a severe concern towards current conceptualization and school practices related to democracy, to create active and democratic citizens in thoughts and practices both, by taking simple steps at the school level to bring significant differences to create a democratic society.
Examining Post-Migration Social Determinants as Predictors of Mental and Physical Health of Recent Syrian Refugees in Canada: Implications for Counselling, Practice, and Research
Authors: Kuo Ben C. H. , Granemann Lais , Najibzadeh Avideh , Al-Saadi Riham , Dali Monira , Alsmoudi Bayan
Published: December 2020

In response to the increasing number of Syrian refugees being resettled in Canada and worldwide, the present study set out to explore and examine critical post-migration predictors of mental health and physical health of adult Syrian refugees (n = 235) living in Windsor, Ontario. Using survey data collected from the national SyRIA-lth project and grounded in the Social Determinants of Health model, this study tested demographic, contextual, and psychosocial predictors in two regression models of mental health and physical health, respectively. The results showed that both predictive models were significant in explaining Syrian refugees’ mental and physical health outcomes, as hypothesized. Specifically, age, gender, satisfaction of health services, perceived control, and perceived stress predicted mental health in significant ways, whereas age, satisfaction of health services, and perceived stress predicted physical health in significant ways as well. Implications for practice and research with Syrian refugees, given the identified risk and protective factors of health, are considered.
Pengaruh Pelatihan Emotional Intelligence Terhadap Burnout Pada Petugas Kepolisian
Authors: Muarif Akhmad Kunaefi , Adiyanti Maria Goretti
Published: December 2020

Burnout merupakan suatu sindrom psikologis yang menyebabkan gangguan psikologis dan fisiologis yang lebih banyak diderita oleh pekerja sektor pelayanan. Salah satu gangguan yang terjadi adalah munculnya kelelahan emosional. Jika kondisi ini terjadi pada individu dalam jangka waktu yang lama dan terus menerus, maka akan berdampak pada penurunan kualitas hidup penderitanya sehingga berimplikasi pada penurunan kualitas pelayanan dan menghambat produktifitas organisasi. Diperlukan suatu intervensi yang efektif untuk mereduksinya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan emotional intelligence dalam mereduksi burnout. Metode penelitian menggunakan eksperimen dengan desain Untreatedpretest-postest control group. Subyek penelitian ini anggota polisi di Polda Banten berjumlah 28 orang (14 orang kelompok eksperien dan 14 orang kelompok kontrol). Analisis data menggunakan metode Independent sample t-test gain score, untuk melihat pengaruh pelatihan terhadap kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol anatara sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Hasil uji hipotesis penelitian ini berdasarkan hasil Independent sample t-test gain score,(t =-2.281;p 0.036), (p kurang dari 0.05) terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Abstract: Burnout is a psychological syndrome that leads to both psychological and physiological disturbance which is most likely suffered by the workers in the service sector. One of the example, which appeared is emotional exhaustion. If the condition occurred on individuals for a long time and continuously, it will affect the reduction of sufferer life quality and in consequence, results in the digression of service quality and organization productivity. The purpose of this research was to know the influence of emotional intelligence training in reducing burnout. The method of this research was by conducting an experiment by the design of the untreated pretest-postest control group. The subjects of the research were members of policemen at Banten Regional Police as much as 28 people (14 people in the experimental group and 14 people in the control group). Data analysis was using independent sample t-test gain score methods, to know the influence of the training towards both experimental group and control group, before and after it applied. The results of the hypothesis testing of the study showed the value of independent sample t-test gain score resulted (t= -2.281; p 0.036), (p less than 0.05) means there is a significant difference between the experimental group and control group.
http://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/140
Authors:   Asst. Professor, Dept. of Islamic Studies, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan., Razzaq Abdur , Saeed Madnia
Published: December 2020

Money has always been used for transactions in human societies. And it has been used in different ways in different times, such as gold, silver, dirhams and dinars. The concept of money has become very wide due to the wide scope of development of the times. In modern times, modern economic and commercial development has given rise to various forms of money. And in the modern economic system, the currency has taken the form of a tool of trade. The biggest problem is interest and the system of interest. This article discusses the reality of currency and the historical and legal aspects of digital currency.
http://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/142
Authors:   In-Charge Dept. of Qura’n O Sunnah, FUUAST, Karachi., Sani Dr. Hafiz Muhammad , Yazdani Habib ur Rehman
Published: December 2020

Ibn-e-Syed Alnas is one of the famous scholar and biography writers. His book "Ouon-ul-Asr" is among the primary resources of Seerat . There is found some research work about this book and there are three types of research mostly being done: 1. Explanation, 2. Summarization, 3.Takhreej.This article is about the book "Noor-ul-Ouon" which is summary of "Ouon-ul-Asr" and the author is Ibn-e- Syed Alnas is himself. Some Writers expressed their doubts about his book and objected that this is not short version of "Ouon-ul-Asr" but it is a separate book .So it is very important and necessary that all of the doubts and objections should be addressed. This article covers the given below points.1-Biography of Ibn-e-Syed Alnas, 2-Hisvaluable contribution, 3-Introduction of the book "Noor-ul-Ouon", 4-Doubts, Confusions, and Objections about the book and its clearance.
Working less than full time - trainee experience, and top tips
Authors:   Wessex Deanery, Ross Russell Amy , Raftopoulos Rhian ,   National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London
Published: December 2020

Data from the RCP 2017/2018 census demonstrates that the number of physicians training flexibly at both consultant and trainee levels is increasing. Approximately 27% of neurology consultants, and 12% of neurology trainees work Less Than Full Time (LTFT), according to the ABN workforce survey 2018, and 18% of responses to the recent ABNT census 2020 were LTFT trainees. This perhaps reflects a changing culture within medicine and more broadly within society itself recognising the need for a better work-life balance with greater autonomy over how and when we work. There are many reasons a doctor may choose to work LTFT as well as many different ways of working flexibly and the concept and accessibility of flexible working within the NHS is still evolving. We are two neurology trainees at different stages in our career who have chosen to work LTFT and we hope to give you the benefit of our experience so far.
Ineficacia de la suspensión de la ejecución de la pena en la resocialización del condenado
Authors: Cerdeña del Aguila Ana María
Published: December 2020

Este estudio se orientó a analizar en qué medida la aplicación ineficaz de la suspensión de la ejecución de la pena establecida en el Código Penal incide en la resocialización del condenado. Una investigación de tipo aplicada, diseño observacional, transversal, cuyo método lógico inductivo-deductivo. Para el levantamiento de la información se aplicó el cuestionario, la entrevista y la ficha de análisis como instrumentos de medición; los cuales permitieron recoger información, y medir las variables de estudio. La muestra estuvo conformada por 165 profesionales de derecho y 69 sentencias sobre la suspensión de la ejecución de la pena. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron establecer que: Probablemente la ineficaz aplicación de la suspensión de la ejecución de la pena establecida en el Código Penal incide en la resocialización del condenado, Tacna 2015-2018.
El método de costeo basado en actividades y su incidencia en la fijación del precio en las empresas agroindustriales vitivinícolas
Authors: Guillermo Vega Leticia Ruth , Montero Zuñiga Evelyn Trinidad
Published: December 2020

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar si la implementación de un método de costeo basado en actividades incide en la fijación del precio en las empresas agroindustriales vitivinícolas de la provincia de Tacna. Para implementar este método, se desglosó el proceso de elaboración del vino en actividades, se determinó los inductores de costo, que fueron asignados en función del nivel de uso de recursos por actividad. La implementación de este método demostró mayor exactitud y eficiencia en la asignación de costos de producción, al identificar la variedad de vino más costosa y la más económica, favoreció la reducción de costos, fue efectivo y personalizado para determinar el margen de ganancia por variedad de vino, en consecuencia, incidió en la fijación del precio por resultar más competitivo, real y diferenciado por producto. En contraste con el sistema tradicional, que proporcionó resultados distorsionados, al efectuar una distribución equivocada del costo en base al volumen de producción, fue inexacto en procesos con distintas variedades de vino, lo que generó diferencias considerables en los costos.
La rebelión popular chilena de octubre del 2019
Authors: Sanhueza Huenupi Leandro
Published: December 2020

El presente ensayo busca describir y analizar a través de la perspectiva filosófica de Jacques Rancière el denominado estallido social del 18 de octubre del 2019 como una rebelión popular y democrática. Primero, se desarrollarán algunos conceptos clave del pensamiento de este filósofo como lo son la política, la subjetivación, el pueblo y la democracia como algunas reflexiones en torno al concepto de posdemocracia. Segundo, se analizará, mediante el concepto de posdemocracia, el régimen democrático chileno, destacando críticas y los movimientos sociales que emergieron durante el periodo de la postdictadura. Tercero, se aborda el proceso de octubre como la aparición de un nuevo pueblo como también las repercusiones del Acuerdo por la Paz y la Nueva Constitución Política, proceso que todavía estaría abierto actualmente.
Cultura de movilidad y nivel de sensibilidad en el uso de la bicicleta. Proyecto educativo “Al cole en bici” Caso: Estudiantes de II.EE. emblemáticas de la Ugel03 de Lima – 2017
Authors: Auris Céspedes Hermes Rigoberto
Published: December 2020

El objetivo de esta investigación científica, con enfoque cuantitativo es determinar la relación entre la cultura de movilidad y la sensibilidad en el uso de la bicicleta en estudiantes de II.EE. emblemáticas de la UGEL 03 de Lima inmersos en el proyecto educativo ‘Al cole en bici’ en el año 2017. El diseño fue descriptivo correlacional; investigación transversal, bivariada. La población estuvo conformada por estudiantes de las instituciones educativas de la UGEL 03, de donde se seleccionaron 120 estudiantes como muestra a los cuales se les aplicó los instrumentos de investigación; estos instrumentos fueron dos encuestas con gradiente de 5, de 24 y 12 ítems respectivamente; la confiabilidad, de dichos instrumentos, se aseguró por medio del coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach (0.902, 0.726 respectivamente); la validez de los instrumentos se hizo por medio del juicio de expertos.

Para el análisis estadístico, se utilizó el software estadístico SPSS 24. Los resultados permiten afirmar que existe una relación baja entre el nivel de la cultura de movilidad y el nivel de sensibilidad en el uso de la bicicleta, mostrando que la variación en el uso de la bicicleta implica un cambio menor en la cultura ciclista, mostrando un impacto del proyecto relativamente medio del proyecto “Al cole en bici”. Se establece que existe una relación directa entre la cultura de la movilidad y la sensibilidad en el uso de la bicicleta en estudiantes de II.EE. emblemáticas de la UGEL 03 de Lima inmersos en el proyecto educativo ‘Al cole en bici’ en el año 2017.
Philippine Tsaang Gubat (Ehretia microphylla Lam) and Ampalaya (Momordica charantia L.) Leaf Extracts Lack Amoebicidal Activity in vitro
Authors: Maramba-Lazarte Cecilia C. , Rivera Pilarita T. , Villacorte Elena A.
Published: December 2020

Background. Amoebiasis is a global health problem affecting poor regions in the world. Few drugs such as metronidazole are available to treat this disease; unfortunately, it is associated with several serious side effects. Tsaang gubat and ampalaya have been used by traditional healers from different cultures to treat dysentery.

Objective. The aim of this research was to provide evidence to validate the use of tsaang gubat and ampalaya leaf extracts for dysentery by determining their anti-amoebic activity.

Methods. The tsaang gubat and ampalaya leaves were sourced from the University of the Philippines at Los Baños and processed into a lyophilized aqueous extract. Anti-amoebic activity was determined in an in vitro assay using Entamoeba histolytica HK-9 strain against 10 dose levels (18-10,000 µg/mL). The amoeba and leaf extracts were incubated for 24, 48, and 72 hours. The trophozoites were stained with Trypan blue and dispensed into chambers of a Neubauer hemocytometer. The live trophozoites (unstained) were counted under a binocular microscope. The MIC and IC50 were determined. Metronidazole and DMSO served as positive and negative controls, respectively.

Results. Tsaang gubat and ampalaya leaves failed to show anti-amoebic activity and even had increased growth of amoeba at all dose levels. The IC50 of tsaang gubat and ampalaya leaf extracts were >500 µg/mL at 24, 48, and 72 hours. Metronidazole was able to eradicate the amoeba parasite at 24 and 72 hours, while exposure to DMSO did not result in inhibition nor death of the parasite.

Conclusion. Tsaang gubat and ampalaya aqueous leaf extracts did not exhibit any anti-amoeba activity.
Concentrations of Trace Elements in Daily Life Water Consumed in Angono, Rizal, Philippines
Authors: Maruyama Seiji , Kato Hisaaki , Merino Gilbert J. , Hirata Takafumi , Juban Noel R.
Published: December 2020

Objective. The present study aims to determine the concentrations of seven trace elements [chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cesium (Cs), lead (Pb), thorium (Th), and uranium (U)] in tap, well, spring, river, and lake waters in the town of Angono, Rizal in the Philippines, consumed for drinking, cooking, bathing, and washing. In the town of Angono, both of the tap and purified tap waters produced in the refilling station are consumed as the water for drinking.Methods. Water samples from six unpurified tap, six purified taps, 10 wells, two springs, two rivers, and one lake water were obtained in October 2015. Samples were analyzed using solution nebulization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results were evaluated for health risks of the trace elements in the water samples using WHO guideline values. The provisional WHO guideline values are as follows: Cr: 50 µg/L, As: 10 µg/L, Cd: 3 µg/L, Pb: 10 µg/L, and U: 30 µg/L. That of Cs has not been proposed yet. The WHO guideline value for the naturally occurring radioactive isotope 232Th in drinking water is 1 Bq/L, which is equivalent to 250 μg/L.Results. The concentrations of the trace elements in the tap water samples were <0.5% of the WHO guideline values, except Cs and Cd, with those of Cd being ~9% of the WHO guideline value. Purified tap waters contained the seven trace elements in lower concentrations, with the exception of Pb, which may have been added in small amounts from equipment used for water purification. The concentrations of the trace elements in water samples from the wells and springs in Angono were more variable than those of the tap waters, and these were also below the WHO guideline values. The concentrations of Cs in all water samples were <0.3 µg/L. The trace-element concentrations of the waters from Angono River and Laguna Lake were almost the same as those of the well and spring waters. Conclusion. At present, the concentrations of trace elements in daily life water consumed in Angono are at safe levels.
Predictive Factors for Seizures and Efficacy of Antiepileptic Drugs in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Baticulon Ronnie E. , Chan Kevin Ivan P. , Rivera Peter Paul P. , Legaspi Gerardo D. , Lopez Willy G.
Published: December 2020

Objectives. To identify factors that predict the occurrence of seizures in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and to evaluate the efficacy of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in preventing in-hospital seizures among patients who undergo clip occlusion of ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Methods. In this retrospective study, the medical charts of 205 patients admitted for aneurysmal SAH in Philippine General Hospital (PGH) and who underwent craniotomy and clipping of aneurysm from January 2011 to June 2014 were reviewed. Demographic, radiologic, and clinical factors were converted into categorical variables and their association with the occurrence of seizures analyzed. The incidence of seizures among patients who received an AED (AED cohort) and those who did not receive an AED (No AED cohort) were compared. Secondarily, the effects of seizures and AED use on early postoperative outcomes were determined using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) on the day of discharge. Results. Among 205 patients with aneurysmal SAH, 31 (15.1%) developed seizures. 21 (10.2%) had seizures at onset of SAH and only seven (3.4%) had in-hospital seizures. Aneurysm re-rupture (OR 5.26, p-value 0.045) and the presence of a parenchymal clot (OR 2.90, p-value 0.043) were independent predictors for seizure occurrence. There was no significant difference in the incidence of seizures in the AED cohort and in the No AED cohort (4/100, 4% vs. 3/99, 3%, p-value 0.714). AED use was associated with a higher proportion of patients with a discharge GOS score of 3 or less (28.0% vs 12.1%, p-value 0.005). Conclusion. The results of the study do not support the routine use of AEDs in patients with aneurysmal SAH.
Potential Drug-Drug Interactions among Medications Prescribed to Adult Filipinos at a Primary Care Clinic in a Government Teaching Hospital
Authors: Laviña Shiela Marie S. , Layug Regie A.
Published: December 2020

Background. A drug-drug interaction (DDI) is a pharmacologic or clinical response to the administration of a drug that can result in adverse outcomes. DDIs are considered preventable adverse drug reactions because these interactions can be learned, predicted and recognized.

Objective. To determine potential drug-drug interactions (pDDI) among medications prescribed to adult patients consulting at a primary care clinic in a government teaching hospital.

Methods. This was a 6-month retrospective cross-sectional study of drug prescriptions based on medical records of adult Filipinos who were seen and managed at a primary care clinic in a government teaching hospital. Medical charts were systematically selected based on a sampling frame with inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results. A total of 1,490 medical records of adult Filipino patients were included in the study. There were a total of 261 unique prescriptions based on generic formulations and an overall total of 5,978 drugs for a 6-month period of clinic consultations. An average of 4 medications (SD±1.63) were prescribed for every consultation recorded in the medical chart. From the charts that were reviewed, 23% of all adults were given a prescription of 4 drugs (N=348/1490), 26% had 3 drug prescriptions (N=386/1490) and 18% had two drugs, respectively, per clinic visit. Overall, 714/9054 (7.88%) medication pairs were seen to have potential drug interactions. The top three most common drug pairs with pDDI were amlodipine-simvastatin, losartan/hydrochlorothiazide-metformin and aspirin-furosemide. Five hundred twenty-five drug pairs had pharmacodynamic interactions (525/714) while 94 drug pairs (15%) had pharmacokinetic interactions.

Conclusion. Potential drug-drug interactions were observed in 8% of medications prescribed to adult Filipinos seen at Family Medicine Clinic in a government hospital. Seventy-four percent (74%) of the drug pairs with pDDIs were pharmacodynamic and 15% were pharmacokinetic interactions.
Validation of a Filipino Translation of the Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index Text Version
Authors: Gonzales-Carait Paula Karina N. , Genuino Rowena F. , Reyes Katrina Angela Z. , Dofitas Belen L.
Published: December 2020

Background. Skin diseases that are longstanding or highly symptomatic can have devastating consequences in the quality of life of children. There is a need to have a validated Filipino translation of a dermatology quality of life tool for young patients with skin diseases.

Objectives. To assess the validity and reliability of the Indeks ng Kalidad ng Buhay Pang-dermatolohiya ng mga Bata (IKPaB), a Filipino translation of the Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI).

Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted among children aged 4 to 16 years at a tertiary hospital outpatient department. The IKPaB was pretested and revised using focus group discussion until it was approved by the original developers for validation. Face validity was determined through cognitive debriefing interviews. Construct validity was determined by comparing IKPaB scores of participants with skin disease and without skin disease using Mann-Whitney U test. Criterion validity was determined by comparing IKPaB with a validated Filipino-translated PedsQL as the criterion, using Spearman rank correlation. Internal consistency reliability was determined using Cronbach’s coefficient. Multiple regression was used to correlate age, sex and disease duration.

Results. The IKPaB was assessed to be comprehensible, clear, and culturally appropriate. Among 288 participants, it showed satisfactory construct validity (U = 8849, Z= 0.87; P = 0.89) and internal consistency reliability (α = 0.89), with a negative but weak correlation with the PedsQL® (rho= -0.300, P = 0.000).

Conclusion. The IKPaB is a valid and reliable Filipino translation of CDLQI. We recommend further validation for use in clinical practice and research.
Efficacy and Safety of Topical Adenosine for Androgenetic Alopecia in Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ke Blythe N. , Villena Juan Paolo David S. , Frez Ma. Lorna F.
Published: December 2020

Background. Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), also known as pattern hair loss, is the most common type of hair loss in men and women. Due to very limited therapeutic options, search for other effective and safe drugs is necessary.

Objectives. This review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a potential treatment option, topical adenosine, for AGA in male and female adults.

Methods. A search of databases (Cochrane Library, Pubmed Medline, and others) was performed with no time limitations placed. We included human interventional studies published in English involving the use of topical adenosine for AGA in healthy adult males and females. Risk bias assessment was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration criteria.

Results. All four trials in this review, with a total of 260 participants, used 0.75% topical adenosine lotion twice a day for a period of 6-12 months. Comparators were placebo, topical niacinamide, and topical minoxidil. Evaluated parameters include improvement in baldness grading as assessed by dermatologists and investigators, improvement and satisfaction as assessed by participants, anagen growth, thick/thin/vellus hair ratio, and hair density. Two trials found significant improvement with thick hair ratio (>60 or >80 μm) with the use of topical adenosine while two trials showed higher overall participant satisfaction with topical adenosine. Few to no adverse effects were reported with its use.

Conclusion. This is the first systematic review involving topical adenosine for AGA. Topical adenosine may be effective in increasing thick hair ratio and improving the self-perception of hair growth. With minimal to no adverse effects, it may serve as an adjunct or alternative to present treatment options. However, more studies are needed to strengthen these findings.
Message of the Philippine General Hospital Director
Authors: Legaspi Gerardo D.
Published: December 2020

Knowledge knows no boundaries.

Even in this time of crisis, it is imperative that the stalwarts of research continue producing new and usable information that can help push forward the interventions needed to solve the everyday problems in Medicine. For the Philippine General Hospital, Acta Medica Philippina is one of the major venues for this. We are fortunate to have a platform where culled experiences and wisdom are immortalized on paper so that future generations may learn from them. The commitment of PGH to research in the last few years has propped publication rate from 8 % to almost 30% of the completed works annually. It has also opened the doors for our staff to international presentations. In return, the world is discovering more about the research works in PGH which will hopefully contribute to the global fund of knowledge.

PGH will continue to support the endeavors of our researchers and the Acta Medica Philippina.

 

 

Gerardo D. Legaspi, MDDirectorPhilippine General Hospital
MANAGING ENGLISH COMPETENCE AS A COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE: CASE STUDY AT STES ISLAMIC VILLAGE TANGERANG
Authors: Muizzudin Muizzudin
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this research is to know the level of English competence the students of the seventh semester at STES Islamic Village Tangerang in the academic year of 2018-2019. The instrument of this research is TOEFL paper-based test called TOEFL Prediction. The result of this research showed out of forty students only one student (2.5 %) achieved the minimum score required by the institution. Most of them (97.5 %) could not reach the minimum score. Although this is still the initial step to manage English competence as a competitive advantage for STES Islamic Village Tangerang. The research result will lead to the necessity of follow-up research to do so..
Sistema electoral, investidura y moción de censura: tres ejemplos de flexibilidad constitucional y de arbitrismo doctrinal
Authors: Alba Navarro Manuel
Published: December 2020

Los cambios acaecidos en el sistema político español desde 2015 han afectado a su sistema de partidos, el cual ha cambiado sustancialmente. Ha quedado demostrada la versatilidad de la Constitución de 1978 y de su régimen electoral para permitir el cambio de sistema y, a la vez, hacer frente a la inestabilidad política. Sin embargo, estos cambios han disparado las propuestas doctrinales de reformas en este ámbito, desaconsejables en su inmensa mayoría.
Giza Eskubideen Europako Itunaren 16. Protokoloa: “arrakastaz ez hiltzea” helburu
Authors: Bengoetxea Caballero Joxerramon
Published: December 2020

Artikulu honek Giza Eskubideen Europako Itunari atxikitako 16. Protokoloa aurkeztu eta aztertzen du. Protokolo horrek sistema berri bat ireki du Europar Itunaren babes-sistemari dagokionez, epai aurreko galdeketa judiziala aurreikusten baitu Goi Itunkideetako jurisdikzio gorenei aukera berri bat emanez. Izan ere, Itunaren edo Protokoloren bateko giza eskubideren baten inguruko interpretazio-zalantza eta printzipiozko galdera sortzen zaienean, auzia eten eta Estrasburgoko Auzitegiari galdera egiteko aukera izango dute, honek aholku-irizpen batekin erantzungo dielarik. Artikuluak Itunaren beraren eskema, Estrasburgoko Auzitegiaren izaera eta Protokolo berriaren funtzionamendua azaltzen du, bai eta orain arte emandako lehenengo eta bakarra den irizpena aztertu ere.
Derecho de excepción y garantía de los derechos en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Carrillo López Marc
Published: December 2020

La pandemia de la COVID-19 ha supuesto un reto para el Estado de derecho. La aplicación del Derecho de excepción regulado en la Constitución ha introducido restricciones a los derechos fundamentales a fin de proteger la salud de los ciudadanos. En este estudio se examinan el alcance y los límites del estado de alarma en España, como una de las tres modalidades de Derecho de excepción previstas en la Constitución y la Ley Orgánica 4/1981, que permite afrontar el reto de la pandemia sin que sea necesaria la suspensión de derechos fundamentales. Desde esta perspectiva se analiza el impacto de las medidas de excepción adoptadas por el Gobierno sobre el ejercicio de algunos derechos fundamentales y la respuesta judicial a los recursos presentados por los ciudadanos, en especial respecto a la libertad de circulación y el derecho de manifestación, además de la libertad de expresión especialmente a través de las redes sociales, y la garantía del derecho de habeas data. En todos estos casos se examina la aplicación del test de proporcionalidad para evaluar el ejercicio y los límites del poder público en la aplicación de las medidas destinadas a garantizar la sanidad pública y su incidencia sobre estos derechos fundamentales.
La senda hacia un federalismo legislativo desde unos parlamentos autonómicos en red
Authors: Seijas Villadangos Esther
Published: December 2020

Este trabajo estudia cómo la colaboración y cooperación interparlamentaria en un Estado descentralizado, en particular el Estado autonómico, ha contribuido y puede sustentar la conformación de un substrato sólido, real, de naturaleza federal, de la mano de lo que se denominará federalismo legislativo. El punto de partida será el estudio de cómo en España se ha afrontado dicha cooperación interparlamentaria, para –sin perder el referente de la irrupción de la cooperación interparlamentaria en un orden global– referenciar desde un punto de vista comparado, centrado en los casos estadounidense y canadiense, cómo los parlamentos en Estados federales han contribuido a sostener dicha estructura territorial desde su colaboración. El federalismo legislativo será un punto final en el que se compendiarán todas las enseñanzas de esa revisión casuística previa. Un análisis de los logros y retos de la cooperación interparlamentaria será la reflexión final sobre la concepción de la colaboración interparlamentaria territorial como garantía del pluralismo y como eslabón entre la unidad y la diversidad que sustenta la esencia de una federación.
Who is we? Attending to similarity and difference as discourse praxis in the university classroom
Authors: Collective on Praxis in Health Sciences Education
Published: December 2020

The word we evokes ideas of both belongingness and non-belongingness through its ability to create constellations of solidarity and exclusion. In education, its use has the power to draw invisible yet substantial lines between dominant and counter-hegemonic ideologies—and teachers and students—in ways that dynamically influence the operation of power between actors. Reflections emerging from a collaborative partnership between a student, teaching assistants, and professor during an undergraduate course on sex/gender and health revealed significant opportunities for critical pedagogical practice around we. This paper analyzes how we and related terms (like they, us, them, etc.) function in the higher education classroom and offers our analysis into the possibilities of using we as a starting point for anti-oppressive and reflexive educational praxis. Ultimately, we contend that we has the potential to work as an intervention countering dominant ideologies and normative assumptions operating in the classroom.
Organising the ‘industrialisation of instruction’: Pedagogical discourses in the Swedish Primary Teacher Education programme
Authors: Sjöberg Lena
Published: December 2020

This study examines the organisation of the Swedish Primary Teacher Education (PTE) programme by studying a local educational policy practice. The empirical material consists of policy documents and interviews with teacher educators at a large university. The study focuses on the pedagogical discourses in teacher education, by studying whether the examinations, courses, and education are based on insulation or integrating principles, that is, strong or weak classification. The results of the study show that both the national policy text and the local organisation are based on principles and rationalities of strong classification, where the local policy practice is both constructed through and affected by commodification and market rationalities.
Waarachtige architectuur
Authors: Schmidt Freek
Published: December 2020

Deze bijdrage is een pleidooi voor onafhankelijk breed architectuurhistorisch onderzoek voorafgaand aan herontwikkeling van gebouwen, ter bescherming van de historische waarde en culturele betekenis ervan gebouwen. Authenticiteit wordt hier opgevat als historiciteit en onderzocht wordt wat het kan betekenen in herbestemming, een groeiende ontwerpopgave die steeds meer als afzonderlijke discipline wordt gezien. In de praktijk van herbestemming blijkt dat het gebouw voornamelijk wordt gezien als architectonisch object dat een ‘nieuw leven’ moet krijgen. Maar krijgt de historiciteit van onze omgeving zo wel voldoende aandacht? Hoe veerkrachtig en duurzaam is een herbestemming? Verhalen die raken aan het gebouw, getuigenissen waarin de plek fungeert, intenties achter ontwerp en gewijzigd gebruik, al die immateriële aspecten bepalen tezamen de culturele waarde van het gebouw in de samenleving, gemeenschap en omgeving.

Die historiciteit of waarachtigheid en eigenheid heeft het gebouw nodig om betekenis te houden. Het vraagt vooral om de beschrijving van de historische en gecumuleerde culturele waarde en betekenis van gebouw en plek als uitgangspunt voor herontwikkeling. Anders verdwijnt de geest van de plek en komen er slechts noviteit en vermaak voor in de plaats, gereed voor de hedendaagse consument