bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Translation and validation of the abbreviated Prefrontal Symptoms Inventory (PSI‐20): A tool for assessing prefrontal symptoms in English‐speaking populations
Authors: Sosa María A. , Pedrero‐Pérez Eduardo J. , Ruiz‐Sánchez de León José M.
Published: October 2024

This study introduces the translation and validation of the Prefrontal Symptoms Inventory (PSI) into English, aiming to provide an ecologically valid tool for assessing prefrontal symptoms in English‐speaking populations in the United States. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a crucial role in executive functions and other higher‐order cognitive processes, with dysfunctions in this area associated with various cognitive, emotional and behavioural changes. Despite the existence of established tools like the Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX), the PSI addresses limitations found in the literature, presenting a novel ecologically valid tool for assessing prefrontal symptoms. The current study, involving 226 English‐speaking participants, lays a foundational step for validating the PSI for use in a new population. Semi‐confirmatory factorial analysis revealed a unidimensional structure, mirroring the Spanish version with robust fit indicators. Additionally, in assessing convergent validity, the abbreviated version (PSI‐20) exhibited high correlations with DEX scores and moderate correlations with Psychological Stress Scale and General Health Questionnaire‐12 scores. These findings align with previous reports, supporting the PSI‐20's measurement of similar constructs related to prefrontal cortex activity and mental health components. The results of this study overall highlight the PSI's potential contribution to advancing prefrontal symptom evaluation in clinical and non‐clinical settings.
A Randomized, Single‐Center, Double‐Blind, Controlled Case Study Evaluating Procedure Pairing of a Neurocosmetic Postprocedure Cream With Radiofrequency Microneedling for Facial Rejuvenation
Authors: Maloney McKenzie E. , Iglesia Sofia , Kononov Tatiana , Zahr Alisar S. , Gold Michael H.
Published: October 2024

Background

Radiofrequency (RF) microneedling produces patient discomfort which deters patients from completing the recommended treatment series.

Objective

The primary objective was to determine the tolerability, safety, and efficacy of a neurocosmetic postprocedure cream post‐RF microneedling in reducing patient discomfort and enhancing recovery across the length of the study and, secondarily, to evaluate against a leading comparator. The third objective was to evaluate the efficacy of the neurocosmetic on self‐perceived improvement and objective grading.

Materials and Methods

An Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved, fourteen‐day, randomized, single‐center, double‐blind, controlled clinical case study was conducted with 11 healthy female subjects, 6 randomized to the neurocosmetic and 5 to the comparator cell. Following a 7‐day washout period, subjects received RF microneedling (face and neck) and applied the postprocedure cream twice daily for 7 days. Objective and subjective tolerability, self‐assessments, and clinical photography were performed immediately postprocedure, 24 h, three and seven days following the procedure.

Results

The neurocosmetic was tolerable and safe. Erythema and stinging immediately decreased postprocedure, postneurocosmetic application. After 24 h, 83% favorably agreed the neurocosmetic “reduced irritation on the skin post‐procedure,” and after 7 days, 100% favorably agreed “experience with the product was positive and I would be interested in returning for a second treatment.” The neurocosmetic reduced skin tone redness in the face and neck faster and to a greater degree when measured against a comparator.

Conclusion

The neurocosmetic postprocedure cream improved patient discomfort and enhanced recovery when used immediately post‐RF microneedling and after 7 days.

IRB Protocol Number

Pro00064211
The preventive health management self‐efficacy related to preterm labor scale in reproductive‐aged women: Validation of Turkish reliability and factor structure
Authors: Cirban‐Ekrem Ebru , Daşıkan Zeynep , Ünsal‐Atan Şenay
Published: October 2024

Aim

This study aims to test and adapt the Turkish psychometric properties of the preventive health management self‐efficacy related to premature labor (PHMSE‐PL) scale for women of reproductive age.

Methods

The study follows a methodological approach. The original scale comprises 34 items distributed across 5 subscales and is structured on a five‐point Likert scale. The study sample consisted of 351 women aged 19 to 49, all without any physical or mental disabilities, irrespective of marital status or pregnancy status. Exclusion criteria encompassed women engaged in healthcare professions such as medical faculty, nursing, or midwifery, as well as those with a history of preterm birth during pregnancy.

Results

During the validity assessment of the scale, language, content, and construct validity were scrutinized. In the reliability phase, internal consistency and stability over time ‐analyses were conducted. Following confirmation of language validity, all items achieved a content validity index value exceeding 0.80. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were employed to assess structural validity, revealing that the scale retained its original grouping into five sub‐factors. These factors collectively accounted for 81.5% of the variance. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the entire scale reached 0.98, indicating high internal consistency. Test–retest analyses yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.99 between overall scale scores, demonstrating excellent consistency between the two measurement measurements.

Conclusions

The PHMSE‐PL scale adapted to Turkish culture demonstrated high levels of validity and reliability.
Influence of COVID‐19 on the clinical characteristics of patients with uterine cervical cancer in Japan: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Murakami Atsushi , Nomura Hidetaka , Abe Akiko , Fusegi Atsushi , Aoki Yoichi , Omi Makiko , Tanigawa Terumi , Okamoto Sanshiro , Yunokawa Mayu , Kanao Hiroyuki
Published: October 2024

Aim

This study investigated the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) on the clinical characteristics and interregional movement of patients with uterine cervical cancer.

Methods

This study included 1189 patients who underwent treatment for cervical cancer, including cervical intraepithelial neoplasm and adenocarcinoma in situ, at our hospital in Tokyo, Japan, in 2017–2018 and in 2021, before and after the pandemic, respectively. The patients' clinical information was compared during both periods. The clinical stage was unified using the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 2008 staging.

Results

The number of patients treated for cervical cancer was 355, 420, and 414 in 2017, 2018, and 2021, respectively. The percentage of invasive carcinomas significantly increased from 158 (44.5%) and 196 (46.7%) to 219 (52.9%) (p = 0.049). In all periods, no significant differences were observed in median age, histological type, and treatment. The proportions of FIGO Stage IA1 were significantly elevated from 3.9% and 3.8% to 11.4% (p < 0.001). The percentage of patients from prefectures other than Tokyo significantly increased from 34.9% to 40.8% (p = 0.049). Furthermore, the proportion of patients with invasive carcinoma in private clinics increased from 28.0% to 37.9% (p = 0.014).

Conclusions

The number of patients with invasive carcinoma and the percentage of patients with invasive carcinoma referred from private clinics increased, indicating that the COVID‐19 pandemic influenced patients to delay consultations. Furthermore, the surge in patients from other prefectures indicates that medical resources were more limited in rural areas, another impact of COVID‐19.
Romosozumab versus denosumab in long‐term users of glucocorticoids: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mok Chi Chiu , Chan Kar Li , Tse Sau Mei , Chen Sammy Pak Lam , Tan Kathryn Choon Beng , Ma Wai Han
Published: October 2024

Objective

To compare the efficacy of romosozumab (ROMO) and denosumab (DEN) in prevalent long‐term glucocorticoid (GC) users.

Methods

Adult patients receiving oral prednisolone (≥5 mg/day) with high risk of fracture were randomized to receive subcutaneous ROMO (210 mg monthly) or DEN (60 mg 6‐monthly) for 12 months, followed by DEN for two more doses. The primary end point was the change in spine bone mineral density (BMD) from Months 0 to 12. Secondary end points included changes in BMD of the spine/hip/femoral neck and bone turnover markers at various time points and adverse events.

Results

Seventy patients (age 62.6 ± 9.1 years; 96% women; median prednisolone dose 5.0 mg/day; duration of therapy 10.7 ± 7.4 years) were enrolled, and 63 completed the study. At Month 12, the spine BMD increased significantly in both ROMO (+7.3% ± 4.5%; p < 0.001) and DEN (+2.3% ± 3.1%; p < 0.001) groups. The absolute spine BMD gain from Months 0 to 12 was significantly greater in ROMO‐treated patients (p < 0.001). Although the total hip BMD at Month 12 also increased significantly in the ROMO (+1.6% ± 3.3%; p = 0.01) and DEN groups (+1.6% ± 2.6%; p = 0.003), the absolute BMD gain was not significantly different between the groups. At Month 24, the spine BMD continued to increase in both the ROMO (+9.7% ± 4.8%; p < 0.001) and DEN group (+3.0% ± 3.0%; p < 0.001) compared to baseline, and the absolute BMD gain remained significantly greater in ROMO‐treated patients. The total hip BMD continued to increase in both groups (ROMO +2.9% ± 3.7%; p < 0.001; DEN +2.2% ± 3.4%; p = 0.001), but the changes from baseline were similar. Injection site reaction was more frequently reported in ROMO‐treated patients.

Conclusion

ROMO was superior to DEN in raising the spine BMD at Month 12 in chronic GC users. After switching to DEN, ROMO‐treated patients continued to gain spine BMD to a greater extent than DEN until Month 24.
Deep learning from head CT scans to predict elevated intracranial pressure
Authors: Sato Ryota , Akiyama Yukinori , Mikami Takeshi , Yamaoka Ayumu , Kamada Chie , Sakashita Kyoya , Takahashi Yasuhiro , Kimura Yusuke , Komatsu Katsuya , Mikuni Nobuhiro
Published: October 2024

Background and Purpose

Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) resulting from severe head injury or stroke poses a risk of secondary brain injury that requires neurosurgical intervention. However, currently available noninvasive monitoring techniques for predicting ICP are not sufficiently advanced. We aimed to develop a minimally invasive ICP prediction model using simple CT images to prevent secondary brain injury caused by elevated ICP.

Methods

We used the following three methods to determine the presence or absence of elevated ICP using midbrain‐level CT images: (1) a deep learning model created using the Python (PY) programming language; (2) a model based on cistern narrowing and scaling of brainstem deformities and presence of hydrocephalus, analyzed using the statistical tool Prediction One (PO); and (3) identification of ICP by senior residents (SRs). We compared the accuracy of the validation and test data using fivefold cross‐validation and visualized or quantified the areas of interest in the models.

Results

The accuracy of the validation data for the PY, PO, and SR methods was 83.68% (83.42%‐85.13%), 85.71% (73.81%‐88.10%), and 66.67% (55.96%‐72.62%), respectively. Significant differences in accuracy were observed between the PY and SR methods. Test data accuracy was 77.27% (70.45%‐77.2%), 84.09% (75.00%‐85.23%), and 61.36% (56.82%‐68.18%), respectively.

Conclusions

Overall, the outcomes suggest that these newly developed models may be valuable tools for the rapid and accurate detection of elevated ICP in clinical practice. These models can easily be applied to other sites, as a single CT image at the midbrain level can provide a highly accurate diagnosis.
Adolescents' evaluations of peer and teacher unfair treatment in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics classes: Expected interventions
Authors: Mulvey Kelly Lynn , Cerda‐Smith Jacqueline , Herry Emily , Joy Angelina , Marlow Christina S. , Mathews Channing J. , Ozturk Emine
Published: October 2024

This study explores adolescents' evaluations of unfair teacher and peer behavior in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) classes. Participants included ninth and tenth grade students from five public schools in the Southeastern United States, (N = 577, 45.9% female, 49% male, 5% other/prefer not to say/unsure). Students were ethnically representative of their communities: 48% White/European American, 22.7% Black/African American, 14% Latino/a/e/x, and 15.3% multi‐racial/other/prefer not to say. Measures assessed adolescents' responses to hypothetical scenarios of unfair treatment. The findings indicate that adolescents recognize both teacher and peer unfair behavior as wrong, with nuanced differences based on participants' gender and grade. Attribution analysis reveals varied expected reasons for unfair treatment. Responses to unfair behavior differ, with adolescents more likely to confront peers than teachers. Demographic factors, school climate, discrimination, belonging, and critical consciousness contribute to variations in judgments and responses. The study highlights the importance of addressing unfair treatment in STEM settings to foster inclusivity and support student persistence in STEM.
Reimagining LGBTIQ+ research – Acknowledging differences across subpopulations, methods, and countries
Authors: Hässler Tabea , Fogwell Nicole Theiss , Gonzalez Alejandra , Anderson Joel R. , Atwood S.
Published: October 2024

Inequalities and discrimination based on gender identity, sexual orientation, and sex characteristics remain pervasive worldwide. Scholars have collaborated to address structural and social barriers in LGBTIQ+ research, creating a substantial literature base. However, much of this work focuses on specific segments of the population, overlooks resilience‐ and strengths‐based approaches, and is predominantly conducted in the U.S. and other Western countries. In this introduction article, we discuss how this special issue extends previous research by uniting scholars globally to collaboratively reimagine the lens through which scientists conduct LGBTIQ+ research. By exploring diverging needs across subgroups of LGBTIQ+ people, discussing the (dis)advantages of various methodological choices, and offering a better understanding of how unique legal and social landscapes affect LGBTIQ+ individuals globally, this special issue aims to provide a comprehensive picture of the current state of research combined with concrete directions for redress. Given that barriers to conducting LGBTIQ+ research differ significantly by nation, we conclude this introductory article by calling for a research community that is more aware of unequal power dynamics within academia, willing to take action to reduce disparities in the global academic system, and inclusive of voices from underrepresented groups.
Impact of care coordination on service utilisation for children with medically complex cerebral palsy
Authors: Harvey Adrienne , Shepherd Daisy , Gibb Susan , Baikie Gordon , D'Aprano Anita , Reddihough Dinah , Babic Rose , Hunter Frances , Jealous Gretta , Imms Christine
Published: October 2024

Aim

Complex care programmes for children with medically complex cerebral palsy (CP) exist; however, evidence for their impact is limited. This study (i) explored the impact of The Royal Children's Hospital Complex Care Hub (CCH) on hospital service utilisation rates over a 3‐year period for children with medically complex CP compared with those eligible but received routine care, and (ii) compared health, disability and socio‐demographic characteristics of children and their families in both groups.

Methods

Electronic medical record data from 78 children (mean age 9.43 years, females n = 37) with medically complex CP who accessed CCH services, and 92 (mean age 10.86 years, females, n = 39) who received routine care were included. Multivariable regression was used to analyse service utilisation: number of emergency department (ED) presentations, length/number of inpatient and intensive care unit admissions and number/type of hospital appointments. Critical health‐care needs, functioning/disability profile and child/family demographics for each group were compared.

Results

More children in the CCH group had a mixed motor type (73.1% vs. 15.2%), were classified within Gross Motor Function Classification System level V (76.9% vs. 34.8%), had respiratory, nutrition and social support needs and epilepsy. Children receiving CCH services had higher service utilisation rates; ED presentations (rate ratio (RR) = 1.81, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09–3.01), inpatient admissions (RR = 2.77, 95% CI: 2.01–3.83), outpatient encounters (RR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.31–2.18) and telephone encounters (RR = 6.05, 95% CI: 4.56–8.02).

Conclusions

Children with medically complex CP accessing a complex care service have higher service utilisation rates yet have more complex clinical presentations and higher support needs.
An Overview of the Biological Functions and Mechanisms of Action of Medicinal Plants and Seaweeds in the Shrimp Culture
Authors: Pourmozaffar Sajjad , Reverter Miriam , Jahromi Saeid Tamadoni , Harikrishnan Ramasamy , Pazir Mohammad Khalil , Barzkar Noora , Mozanzadeh Mansour Torfi , Sarvi Behzad , Abolfathi Marzieh , Adeshina Ibrahim , Behzadi Siamak , Raji Abdullateef
Published: October 2024

Diseases are major constraints to developing large‐scale aquaculture practices in many countries. For decades, synthetic chemotherapeutic agents have been widely applied both as prophylactics and therapeutics to inhibit and control aquatic disease outbreaks. However, their use has become more restricted due to the negative impacts they have on the environment, the host and humans, as well as their limitations in preventing the emergence of antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria. Therefore, there is a growing interest in the use of medicinal plants and seaweeds as potential alternatives to antibiotics and other synthetic chemotherapeutics. Medicinal plants and seaweeds can enhance the immune systems of animals, thereby providing protection against numerous diseases while minimizing the adverse effects associated with synthetic chemotherapeutics. Furthermore, the advantages of medicinal plants and seaweeds, such as their effectiveness, easy availability and ability to be applied on a large scale, make them appealing for use in the aquaculture industry. The main goal of this study was to review the existing knowledge of the effects of medicinal plants and seaweeds, as well as their extracts, on shrimp growth, immune response and disease resistance against bacterial and viral agents. Moreover, this paper discusses the application of seaweeds in shrimp culture. We also conducted a literature review to identify gaps in the research and provide recommendations for further advancement in this field of study. Further studies should focus on evaluating other physiological aspects, such as feed and mineral utilization, enzyme activities and histological examination.
Species–soil relationships across Amazonia: Niche specificity and consistency in understorey ferns
Authors: Tuomisto Hanna , Suominen Lassi , Alonso Alfonso , Cárdenas Glenda , Lehtonen Samuli , Moulatlet Gabriel Massaine , Pérez Eneas , Sirén Anders , Weigelt Patrick , Zuquim Gabriela
Published: October 2024

Aims

Knowledge about species niches along environmental gradients is needed to understand community assembly and spatial variation in floristic composition and species richness. In Amazonian rainforests, such knowledge is largely lacking, although ferns have been used to infer overall floristic and edaphic patterns. Here we explore fern species distributions along an important edaphic gradient, how narrow their realised niches are and how sensitive inferences are to species commonness, data quality and the region being sampled.

Location

Amazonia.

Methods

We used a large data set (1,215 transects across lowland Amazonia) to explore the realised niches of 54 species of two fern genera (Adiantum and Lindsaea) along a soil base cation concentration gradient. We used weighted averaging to estimate species optima and niche widths, and Huisman–Olff–Fresco modelling to assess species response shapes.

Results

Overall, species optima were rather evenly spread along the soil base cation concentration gradient, but Lindsaea optima were limited to the lower half of the gradient, whereas Adiantum optima were more often in the upper half. Most species had unimodal response curves. Mean niche width was ca. 25% of the observed gradient length for Adiantum and 17% for Lindsaea and was only weakly or not at all related to different aspects of species commonness. Species optima were robust to different modelling approaches and consistent across regional subsets. However, the central Amazonian data contained no transects with high soil base cation concentration, so species with high optima were either absent or obtained a lower optimum than in the NW and SW regions.

Conclusions

Our results support niche‐related species sorting as an important process that defines species co‐occurrence, turnover and richness patterns within Amazonian rainforests. All Adiantum and Lindsaea species, including the most abundant ones, had narrow enough realised niches to be considered useful indicators of edaphic and floristic variation within the rainforest.
Pseudo‐green water as a potential enhancer of growth and coloration in European lobster, Homarus gammarus, larvae
Authors: Bell Matt E. , O'Grady Julie , Domech Paula C. , Frontaura Erik R. , Davies Simon J. , McCusker Stephen , Hinchcliffe James , Wan Alex H. L.
Published: October 2024

Depleting European lobster, Homarus gammarus, wild stocks from historic overexploitation, stock enhancement programs, and farming of this lucrative species are viable options for meeting consumer demand. Early larval stages pose a hatchery challenge because of low survival rates. This study evaluates pseudo‐green water benefits during the larval stage. Commonly used aquaculture algal species, Tetraselmis suecica (TS), Dunaliella tertiolecta (DT), and Nannochloropsis sp. (N), were tested as a monoculture or mixture treatment over 13 days post‐hatching of the lobster larvae, from this, seven treatment permutations (TS, DT, N, TS + DT, TS + N, DT + N, and TS + DT + N) were included. A further eighth treatment with no added algae was used as a basal reference point (control). The growth assessment found that co‐culturing had benefited carapace length and shell coloration (cephalothorax, p = 0.023) but no enhancement to the weight or survival ratios was observed. All larvae reached stage III by the 13th day, with survival rates ranging between 12.5% and 20%. Results indicated that mixed algal species generally had higher mean growth perfromance values than monoalgal cultures and clearer water. Nannochloropsis sp. significantly improved growth performance (higher weight and length). Algal matrices containing Nannochloropsis sp. resulted in the highest growth performance, emphasizing the importance of co‐culturing lobster larvae with algae to improve hatchery operations.
(Mis)Alignment in resident and advisor co‐regulated learning in competency‐based training
Authors: Day Leora Branfield , Butler Deborah , Kuper Ayelet , Shah Rupal , Stroud Lynfa , Ginsburg Shiphra , Tavares Walter , Brydges Ryan
Published: October 2024

Background/Objective

In implementing competence‐based medical education (CBME), some Canadian residency programmes recruit clinicians to function as Academic Advisors (AAs). AAs are expected to help monitor residents' progress, coach them longitudinally, and serve as sources of co‐regulated learning (Co‐RL) to support their developing self‐regulated learning (SRL) abilities. Implementing the AA role is optional, meaning each residency programme must decide whether and how to implement it, which could generate uncertainty and heterogeneity in how effectively AAs will “monitor and advise” residents. We sought to clarify how AA‐resident dyads collaboratively interpret assessment data from multiple sources, co‐create learning goals and action plans and attempt to enhance residents' SRL skills.

Methods

Shortly after each of their six meetings during two years of Internal Medicine residency, we conducted individual, brief interviews with AAs (N = 10) and residents (N = 10). We analysed transcripts using an abductive framework with theory‐based and evidence‐based sensitizing concepts.

Results

We collected 49 residents and 36 AA ‘meeting debriefs’, which produced rich data on how dyads variably engaged in SRL and Co‐RL. Residents and AAs adopted “learning stances” that oriented their perceptions and approaches to Co‐RL. Their stances did not always align within dyads. We found unique patterns in how stances evolved or devolved over time, and in how these changes impacted dyads' Co‐RL processes. While some dyads evolved to engage in proactive co‐regulation, most stayed consistent or oscillated reactively in their relationships, with little apparent Co‐RL focused on helping residents to develop clinical competencies through SRL. We catalogued multiple influential sources of regulation of learning.

Conclusion

The conceptually ideal form of Co‐RL was not consistently achieved in this well‐intended implementation of AA‐resident dyads. To better translate ‘coaching over time’ from intention to practice, we recommend that residency programmes use Co‐RL principles to refine CBME processes, including refining assessment tools, resident orientation sessions and faculty development practices.
Inferring the feeding history of the castor bean tick, Ixodes ricinus from lipid and body measurements
Authors: Udobi Munachimso , Wall Richard
Published: October 2024

The ability to determine when ticks last fed and assign them to a specific feeding cohort is important in attempts to explain their population dynamics; the biochemical measurement of stored lipid, has been widely used for this purpose. However, when relating feeding history to behaviour or infection status, a non‐destructive approach to its assessment would be of value and, to this end, previous studies have attempted to use morphometric indices. Within any instar, the sclerotised scutal components of the body will not vary with increasing starvation while the alloscutal components will, and the resulting ratio should provide a measure of time since feeding. Here, the aim was to determine whether such a morphological ratio (described here as the hunger index) changed predictably with starvation in Ixodes ricinus L. (Ixodida: Ixodidae). For this a cohort of 300 I. ricinus nymphs was collected from the field in February 2021 and starved in a humidified incubator at 15°C and 80% relative humidity (RH). Every 2 weeks, 50 nymphs selected at random were removed and killed by freezing; morphometric measurement was followed by the measurement of lipid using a standard spectrophotometric approach. Both hunger index and stored lipid changed significantly with increasing starvation and were positively correlated with each other. However, the change in morphometric ratio was relatively slight (11%) over 9 weeks and the variation was high. The data suggest therefore that morphological measurements could be used to provide, at best, only broad categorisation of the hunger status of individual I. ricinus ticks in the field.
Age Is a Key Factor Influencing the Choice of Treatment for Primary Patellar Dislocation: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Yi , Wang Yaobin , Xiao Hefang , Yang Ao , Teng Fei , Yi Zhi , Sheng Xiaoyun , Zhang Shifeng , Geng Bin , Xia Yayi
Published: October 2024

Primary patellar dislocation has a certain recurrence rate after either conservative or surgical treatment, and the optimal treatment for patients with primary patellar dislocation of different ages remains unclear. This study aims to compare the clinical efficacy of surgical and conservative treatments for primary patellar dislocation across different age groups. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses (PRISMA) checklist, we conducted a systematic search for randomized controlled trials. We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases for randomized controlled trials of primary patellar dislocation treated surgically or conservatively up to January 2023. Data searching, extraction, analysis, and quality assessment were carried out in accordance with the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. A total of nine studies with 433 patients were included in our study. There was no statistically significant difference between the two treatment modalities in terms of Kujala score, pain score, patient satisfaction, reoperation, and Tegner score. The rate of re‐dislocation after surgical treatment is lower than that after conservative treatment. Subgroup analysis based on mean age showed that when the age was >20 years, Kujala scores were higher after surgical treatment than after conservative treatment (p < 0.0001, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 10.41–21.30). When the age was ≤20 years, the difference in Kujala scores between the two treatment modalities was not statistically significant. When the age was >20 years, the recurrence rate of patellar dislocation was lower after surgical treatment than after conservative treatment (p = 0.009, 95% CI = 0.08–0.70). When the age was ≤20 years, the difference in the recurrence rate of patellar dislocation between the two treatment modalities was not statistically significant. When the age of patients with primary patellar dislocation is ≤20 years, both surgical and conservative treatments result in similar clinical outcomes. When the age is >20 years, better clinical outcomes can be achieved by opting for surgical treatment. Therefore, surgery may be a better option for patients with primary patellar dislocation whose age is >20 years.
Consequentialism, Welfarism, and Meaning in Life
Authors: Stevenson Chad Mason
Published: October 2024

What, if anything, makes a life meaningful? Consequentialist theories about meaning in life maintain that the consequences of that life confer meaning upon it. This article advances one such theory: welfarism about meaning in life. According to this view, a life is conferred meaning if, and only if, and then only insofar as, it promotes or protects the well‐being of other welfare subjects. The purpose of this article is to show why welfarism about meaning in life is the most plausible theory about meaning in life.
God and Time
Authors: Deng Natalja
Published: October 2024

This article introduces the reader to contemporary philosophical research on God and time, without presupposing any familiarity with either philosophy of religion or philosophy of time. To start with, aspects of the topic are compared to some structurally similar ideas in secular philosophical thought about time and ethics. The article then introduces timeless versus temporal conceptions of eternity and discusses positions intending to combine elements of both. There is a brief interlude on relevant background in temporal metaphysics regarding A‐ and B‐theories. The final two sections then examine recent developments in the timeless and temporal camps, with a particular emphasis on the role that temporal metaphysics is playing in discussions of the timeless approach.
The Impact of Video‐Based Educational Intervention on Parents’ Decision to Uptake the Measles–Rubella (MR) Vaccine in Jordan
Authors: Alsaqer Khitam , Kawafha Mariam , Al‐Maghaireh Dua'a , Jallad Samar Thabet , Sheyab Heidar , Al kofahi Abedelkader , Saleh Mayyada
Published: October 2024

Background

Interventions are needed to decrease measles and rubella (MR) vaccine hesitancy/refusal among Jordanian parents during the implementation campaign in Jordan by 2023. This study developed an educational video for parents with hesitancy or refusal to enhance their attitudes and decisions toward the MR vaccine.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the impact of video‐based educational intervention on the attitudes of parents toward the MR vaccine and the decision to accept the MR vaccine.

Method

One group pretest–posttest experimental design was used. A 5‐min MR vaccine education video was shown to parents. Parents' decisions on the MR vaccine and the parent attitudes about childhood vaccines (PACV) scale were collected before, immediately, and 2 weeks after the video, the differences in the scores were also measured.

Results

The initial PACV scale score averaged 24 ± 1.5. After watching the MR education video, the PACV scores immediately and after 2 weeks were 21 ± 1.6 and 21.8 ± 1.4, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (p value < 0.05). The parents' likelihood of refusing the MR vaccine decreased immediately and 2 weeks after watching the video (68% and 70.5%; respectively), and this decrease was sustained after 2 weeks (p value = 0.617).

Conclusion

An educational video intervention was associated with improved PACV and improved parents' attitudes toward the MR vaccine, potentially altering the decisions of hesitant or refusing parents to accept the vaccine during the 2023 MR vaccine campaign in Jordan. These positive effects appeared to persist even 2 weeks after the intervention.
Evaluating paternalism in redress programs
Authors: Winter Stephen , Wilkinson Martin
Published: October 2024

The number of monetary redress programs for survivors of nonrecent abuse in out‐of‐home care is growing. These programs help make monetary remedies more accessible to survivors. However, the reasons that justify these programs also encourage policy makers to adopt paternalistic measures. This article argues that most paternalistic restrictions are unjustified because they infringe on survivors' autonomy without clearly benefiting them.

Related Articles

Kahn‐Nisser, Sara. 2018. “Constructive Criticism: Shaming, Incentives, and Human Rights Reforms.” Politics & Policy 46(1): 58–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12240.

Winter, Stephen. 2020. “Tools for Tragedy: Procedures for Assessing Historic Redress Claims.” Politics & Policy 49(1): 162–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12385.

Woessner, Matthew, and April Kelly‐Woessner. 2006. “Slavery Reparations and Race Relations in America: Assessing How the Restitutions Debate Influences Public Support for Blacks, Civil Rights, and Affirmative Action.” Politics & Policy 34(1): 134–54. 10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2006.00007.x.
“Parole, parole”: Unveiling the narrative framework of EU research and innovation projects
Authors: Cerinšek Gregor , Podjed Dan
Published: October 2024

This article examines the narrative framework in European Union (EU) research and innovation projects, focusing on symbolic practices and terminology. The analysis includes over five years of ethnographic research, and 20 European projects funded by Horizon 2020, Horizon Europe, and Erasmus+ programs. It explores different ways project actors internalize and reproduce the EU's symbolic power through its policies, particularly the ambiguous concept of “innovation.” Using Bourdieu's theory of practice, the research highlights the way social structures within the “project field” influence dynamics and outcomes, often resulting in a gap between rhetoric and reality. The study also uncovers broader political and social implications of these practices, calling for critical reflection of their impact. In its conclusion, the authors discuss the challenges of maintaining genuine innovation amidst bureaucratic requirements and the EU's symbolic power, advocating for more nuanced and context‐aware project practices.

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Kanol, Direnç. 2022. “Narrative Strategies for Emerging Disruptive Technologies: A Case Study of Blockchain for Europe.” Politics & Policy 50(5): 952–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12492.

Nowlin, Matthew C., Maren Trochmann, and Thomas M. Rabovsky. 2022. “Advocacy Coalitions and Political Control.” Politics & Policy 50(2): 201–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12458.

Von Malmborg, Fredrik. 2023. “Combining the Advocacy Coalition Framework and Argumentative Discourse Analysis: The Case of the ‘Energy Efficiency First’ Principle in EU Energy and Climate Policy.” Politics & Policy 51(2):222–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12525.
Devaluation of Work and Its Linkage With Worker Risks in the Recent Transformation of the Work Sphere
Authors: Titarenko Larissa G. , Karapetyan Ruben V.
Published: October 2024

Over the last decades, sociologists of work have paid increasing attention to the critical phenomena in the labor market, among them the devaluation of work and its factors. Based on an analysis of publications in the field, this paper outlines problems of transforming work meanings and values, including their linkage with new worker risks and job security caused by the rapid work changes, precarization, social inequality, growing population gap between the advanced and developing countries, global pandemics, climate crisis and the like. These phenomena reflect social, economic, political, and legal changes and their impact on the sphere of work. Current work challenges have initiated research discussions in the work sphere that have helped spotlight the ongoing transformation of work meanings/values. The article reviews the diversity of theoretical approaches and practical implications of work values transformation from the perspective of factors determining long‐lasting shifts in work values, ranging from recognizing the intrinsic meanings of work to the predominance of pragmatic, instrumental work attitudes. The authors identified three main types of transforming work values based on a systematic mapping of publications. First, the prevalence of material, pragmatic values almost does not leave space for the social value of work. Second, it is the perception of work as a meaningless activity that cannot contribute to work satisfaction. Third, it is a vision of a society without work. When describing these types, the authors outline the transformation of work into an ordinary market product that has lost its intrinsic value and become a source of frustration, alienation, and psychological stress for workers. Diversity of work values reflects the controversial processes related to the global transformation of labor from the growth of innovative potential of some professions to the fear of technological unemployment and new risks for others.
Genomic signatures of inbreeding and mutation load in tree ferns
Authors: Yi Huiqin , Wang Jing , Dong Shiyong , Kang Ming
Published: October 2024

Ferns (Pteridophyta), as the second largest group of vascular plants, play important roles in ecosystem functioning. Homosporous ferns exhibit a remarkable range of mating systems, from extreme inbreeding to obligate outcrossing, which may have significant evolutionary and ecological implications. Despite their significance, the impact of genome‐wide inbreeding on genetic diversity and mutation load within the fern lineage remain largely unexplored. In this study, we utilized whole‐genome sequencing to investigate the genomic signatures of inbreeding and genetic load in three Alsophila tree fern species. Our analysis revealed extremely high inbreeding in A. spinulosa, in contrast to the predominantly outcrossing observed in A. costularis and A. latebrosa. This difference likely reflects divergent mating systems and demographic histories. Consistent with its extreme inbreeding propensity, A. spinulosa exhibits reduced genetic diversity and a pronounced decline in effective population size. Comparison of genetic load revealed an overall reduction in deleterious mutations in the highly inbred A. spinulosa, highlighting that long‐term inbreeding may have contributed to the purging of strongly deleterious mutations, thereby prolonging the survival of A. spinulosa. Despite this, however, A. spinulosa carries a substantive realized genetic load that may potentially instigate future fitness decline. Our findings illuminate the complex evolutionary interplay between inbreeding and mutation load in homosporous ferns, yielding insights with important implications for the conservation and management of these species.
Exploring an economic and highly efficient genetic transformation and genome‐editing system for radish through developmental regulators and visible reporter
Authors: Yi Xiaofang , Wang Congcong , Yuan Xiaoqi , Zhang Mi , Zhang Changwei , Qin Tiaojiao , Wang Haiyun , Xu Liang , Liu Liwang , Wang Yan
Published: October 2024

Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is one of the most important root vegetable crops worldwide. However, gene function exploration and germplasm innovation still face tremendous challenges due to its extremely low transformation efficiency. Here, an economic and highly efficient genetic transformation method for radish was explored by Agrobacterium rhizogenes‐mediated transformation with the help of combining special developmental regulator (DR) genes and the visual identification reporter. Firstly, the RUBY gene, a betalain biosynthesis system, could result in a visual red‐violet color used as a convenient and effective reporter for monitoring transgenic hairy roots screening of radish. However, the hairy roots‐to‐shoots conversion system of radish still stands as a barrier to the obtainment of whole transgenic plants, although different hormone combinations and various culture conditions were tried. Following, two DR genes including Wuschel2 (Wus2) and isopentenyl transferase (ipt), as well as their combination Wus2‐ipt were introduced for the shoot regeneration capacity improvement. The results showed that the transgenic shoots could be directly generated without externally supplying any hormones in the presence of a Wus2‐ipt combination. Then, Wus2‐ipt along with the RUBY reporter was employed to establish an efficient genetic transformation system of radish. Moreover, this system was applied in generating gene‐edited radish plants and the phytoene desaturase (RsPDS) gene was effectively knockout through albino phenotype observation and sequencing analysis. These findings have the potential to be widely applied in genetic transformation and genome‐editing genetic improvement of other vegetable species.
Comparison of sedation and general anesthesia protocols for 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT studies in dogs and cats: Musculoskeletal uptake and radiation dose to workers
Authors: Belotta Alexandra F. , Beazley Shannon , Hutcheson Matthew , Mayer Monique , Beaufrère Hugues , Sukut Sally
Published: October 2024

In veterinary medicine, PET/CT scans are generally performed with the patient under general anesthesia. The aim of this prospective crossover study was to compare the musculoskeletal uptake of 18F‐FDG and radiation doses to workers during PET/CT studies of healthy dogs and cats between sedation and general anesthesia. Volume and maximal standard uptake values (SUVmax) values of abnormal 18F‐FDG uptake in the skeletal musculature, presence of misregistration artifact, and radiation doses to workers for each PET/CT study were recorded. Sedation was associated with increased volume of 18F‐FDG uptake in the musculature of the thoracic limbs (p = .01), cervical (p = .02), and thoracic (p = .03) spine. Increased volume and SUVmax of the musculature assessed altogether were associated with the lighter degree of sedation (p = .04 for both). A significant decrease in the odds of misregistration artifact was observed for anesthetized animals in comparison with sedated (OR: 0.0, 95% CI: 0.0–0.0, p = .01). Radiation doses to workers were significantly higher for sedation compared with general anesthesia (p = .01) and for the anesthesia technician compared with the nuclear medicine technologist (p = .01). Use of sedation for PET/CT studies in dogs and cats is feasible. However, it is associated with increased physiologic musculoskeletal uptake of 18F‐FDG in the thoracic limbs, cervical, and thoracic spine, with increased frequency of misregistration artifact, and with increased radiation doses to workers. These limitations can be overcome by recognition of the uptake pattern and monitoring/rotation of the involved staff at institutions where a high caseload is expected.
Warm-temperate evergreen pterophytes of Korea
Authors: HONG Hang-Hwa , SUN Eun-Mi , LEE Kang-Hyup , KIM Jin-Suk , IM Hyoung-Tak
Published: October 2024

Korean evergreen fern species that prefer warm-temperate forests as their main habitats are categorized into three groups according to their present distributions: group I, tropic-originating species; group II, Himalaya-originating species; and group III, endemic to warm-temperate regions of Northeast Asia. Due to global warming, a northward expansion of the species belonging to the group III is expected. New habitats of rare evergreen ferns, Crepidomanes latealatum and Haplopteris flexuosa, were found on the Haenam Peninsula, expanding their known Korean habitat from Jejudo Island.
Comparative morphology and anatomy of Korean Boehmeria achenes and their taxonomic significance
Authors: JO Hyeong Jun , KWON Min Ji , KIM Sung Hyun , KIM Taeeung , NA Chae Sun , CHUNG Gyu Young
Published: October 2024

This study confirmed the taxonomic significance of achenes by observing and comparing the morphology and anatomical characteristics of 13 taxa of the genus Boehmeria in Korea. The results confirmed that the achenes studied here are the drupe-like fruit type with mucilage in the exocarp, and during the fruiting season, the perianth persists on the pericarp. The morphological characteristics of the achenes, specifically the number per glomerule as well as the size, shape, color, and trichome were taxonomically significant. The anatomical characteristics of the transverse sectional shape and wings, the thickness of each pericarp layer, the shape of the crystalliferous cells in the mesocarp, and the number of sclereid cell layers in the endocarp were also found to be important. Particularly, the size and wings of the achenes were informative for distinguishing between Sect. Tilocnide and Sect. Duretia, while other characteristics were differentiated among series or certain taxa within the series. The taxonomic significance of the achenes is discussed through comparisons with previously studied taxa and their characteristics. Accordingly, the results of this study can provide valuable insight for those seeking to understand the evolutionary trends of achenes in Boehmeria in the future.
New records of two alien plants, Carex annectens and C. gravida (Cyperaceae) in Korea
Authors: HONG Jeong-Ki , SHIM Sang Deog , KIM Hyun Sik , EOM Eui-Ho , PARK Jin Hee , KIM Jin-Seok , KIM Jung-Hyun
Published: October 2024

In Korea, two alien plants were newly found, and we describe their morphological characteristics and habitats with photographs. One, a member of Cyperaceae, Carex annectens, was found in roadside forests from Gyeongsangnam-do. This species can be distinguished from C. gravida by having inflorescences, usually branched, with more than 15 spikes and pistillate scale yellow or brown. The other is C. gravida, which was found along roadsides of open habitats from Chungcheongnam-do and Gyeonggi-do. This species can be distinguished from C. muehlenbergii Schkuhr ex Willd. var. enervis Boott by having proximal leaf sheaths longitudinally green-and-white striped and with prominent green cross veins. These species grow on roadsides, suggesting that they were likely to have been introduced when green sites were installed and during road construction. Their introduction into Japan has been reported, but the associated ecological risk is unknown. Therefore, we need continuous population monitoring for these new invasive species in Korea.