bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Magnetic Nanoparticles for Gene Transfer to Neural Stem Cells: Stem Cell Propagation Method Influences Outcomes
Authors: Pickard Mark , Adams Christopher , Barraud Perrine , Chari Divya
Published: April 2015

Genetically engineered neural stem cell (NSC) transplants offer a key strategy to augment neural repair by releasing therapeutic biomolecules into injury sites. Genetic modification of NSCs is heavily reliant on viral vectors but cytotoxic effects have prompted development of non-viral alternatives, such as magnetic nanoparticle (MNPs). NSCs are propagated in laboratories as either 3-D suspension “neurospheres” or 2-D adherent “monolayers”. MNPs deployed with oscillating magnetic fields (“magnetofection technology”) mediate effective gene transfer to neurospheres but the efficacy of this approach for monolayers is unknown. It is important to address this issue as oscillating magnetic fields dramatically enhance MNP-based transfection in transplant cells (e.g., astrocytes and oligodendrocyte precursors) propagated as monolayers. We report for the first time that oscillating magnetic fields enhanced MNP-based transfection with reporter and functional (basic fibroblast growth factor; FGF2) genes in monolayer cultures yielding high transfection versus neurospheres. Transfected NSCs showed high viability and could re-form neurospheres, which is important as neurospheres yield higher post-transplantation viability versus monolayer cells. Our results demonstrate that the combination of oscillating magnetic fields and a monolayer format yields the highest efficacy for MNP-mediated gene transfer to NSCs, offering a viable non-viral alternative for genetic modification of this important neural cell transplant population.
Label and Label-Free Detection Techniques for Protein Microarrays
Authors: Syahir Amir , Usui Kenji , Tomizaki Kin-ya , Kajikawa Kotaro , Mihara Hisakazu
Published: April 2015

Protein microarray technology has gone through numerous innovative developments in recent decades. In this review, we focus on the development of protein detection methods embedded in the technology. Early microarrays utilized useful chromophores and versatile biochemical techniques dominated by high-throughput illumination. Recently, the realization of label-free techniques has been greatly advanced by the combination of knowledge in material sciences, computational design and nanofabrication. These rapidly advancing techniques aim to provide data without the intervention of label molecules. Here, we present a brief overview of this remarkable innovation from the perspectives of label and label-free techniques in transducing nano‑biological events.
Significance of β-Galactoside α2,6 Sialyltranferase 1 in Cancers
Authors: Lu Jishun , Gu Jianguo
Published: April 2015

Altered glycosylation is a common feature of cancer cells. It takes a variety of forms, which includes loss of expression or excessive expression of some structures, the accumulation of precursors, the appearance of novel structures, etc. Notably, these changes in glycan structure do not occur as a random consequence of disorder biology. Only a limited subset of oligosaccharides is found frequently enriched on the tumor cell surface and implicated in different tumor phenotypes. Among these, altered sialylation has long been associated with metastatic cell behaviors such as invasion and enhanced cell survival and accumulating evidence points to the alteration occurring in the sialic acid linkage to other sugars, which normally exists in three main configurations: α2,3, α2,6, and α2,8, catalyzed by a group of sialyltransferases. The aberrant expression of all three configurations has been described in cancer progression. However, the increased α2,6 sialylation catalyzed by β-galactoside α2,6 sialyltranferase 1 (ST6Gal I) is frequently observed in many types of the cancers. In this review, we describe the findings on the role of ST6Gal I in cancer progression, and highlight in particular the knowledge of how ST6Gal I-mediated α2,6 sialylated glycans or sialylated carrier proteins regulate cell signaling to promote the malignant phenotype of human carcinoma.
Recent Developments in the Suzuki-Miyaura Reaction: 2010–2014
Authors: Maluenda Irene , Navarro Oscar
Published: April 2015

The Suzuki-Miyaura reaction (SMR), involving the coupling of an organoboron reagent and an organic halide or pseudo-halide in the presence of a palladium or nickel catalyst and a base, has arguably become one of most utilized tools for the construction of a C-C bond. This review intends to be general account of all types of catalytic systems, new coupling partners and applications, including the literature between September 2010 and December 2014.
Methylcellulose, a Cellulose Derivative with Original Physical Properties and Extended Applications
Authors: Nasatto Pauline , Pignon Frédéric , Silveira Joana , Duarte Maria , Noseda Miguel , Rinaudo Marguerite
Published: April 2015

This review covers the preparation, characterization, properties, and applications of methylcelluloses (MC). In particular, the influence of different chemical modifications of cellulose (under both heterogeneous and homogeneous conditions) is discussed in relation to the physical properties (solubility, gelation) of the methylcelluloses. The molecular weight (MW) obtained from the viscosity is presented together with the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis required for the determination of the degree of methylation. The influence of the molecular weight on the main physical properties of methylcellulose in aqueous solution is analyzed. The interfacial properties are examined together with thermogelation. The surface tension and adsorption at interfaces are described: surface tension in aqueous solution is independent of molecular weight but the adsorption at the solid interface depends on the MW, the higher the MW the thicker the polymeric layer adsorbed. The two-step mechanism of gelation is confirmed and it is shown that the elastic moduli of high temperature gels are not dependent on the molecular weight but only on polymer concentration. Finally, the main applications of MC are listed showing the broad range of applications of these water soluble cellulose derivatives.
Monitoring the Distribution and Dynamics of an Invasive Grass in Tropical Savanna Using Airborne LiDAR
Authors: Levick Shaun , Setterfield Samantha , Rossiter-Rachor Natalie , Hutley Lindsay , McMaster Damien , Hacker Jorg
Published: April 2015

The spread of an alien invasive grass (gamba grass—Andropogon gayanus) in the tropical savannas of Northern Australia is a major threat to habitat quality and biodiversity in the region, primarily through its influence on fire intensity. Effective control and eradication of this invader requires better insight into its spatial distribution and rate of spread to inform management actions. We used full-waveform airborne LiDAR to map areas of known A. gayanus invasion in the Batchelor region of the Northern Territory, Australia. Our stratified sampling campaign included wooded savanna areas with differing degrees of A. gayanus invasion and adjacent areas of native grass and woody tree mixtures. We used height and spatial contiguity based metrics to classify returns from A. gayanus and developed spatial representations of A. gayanus occurrence (1 m resolution) and canopy cover (10 m resolution). The cover classification proved robust against two independent field-based investigations at 500 m2 (R2 = 0.87, RMSE = 12.53) and 100 m2 (R2 = 0.79, RMSE = 14.13) scale. Our mapping results provide a solid benchmark for evaluating the rate and pattern of A. gayanus spread from future LiDAR campaigns. In addition, this high-resolution mapping can be used to inform satellite image analysis for the evaluation of A. gayanus invasion over broader regional scales. Our research highlights the huge potential that airborne LiDAR holds for facilitating the monitoring and management of savanna habitat condition.
Performance Assessment of High Resolution Airborne Full Waveform LiDAR for Shallow River Bathymetry
Authors: Pan Zhigang , Glennie Craig , Hartzell Preston , Fernandez-Diaz Juan , Legleiter Carl , Overstreet Brandon
Published: April 2015

We evaluate the performance of full waveform LiDAR decomposition algorithms with a high-resolution single band airborne LiDAR bathymetry system in shallow rivers. A continuous wavelet transformation (CWT) is proposed and applied in two fluvial environments, and the results are compared to existing echo retrieval methods. LiDAR water depths are also compared to independent field measurements. In both clear and turbid water, the CWT algorithm outperforms the other methods if only green LiDAR observations are available. However, both the definition of the water surface, and the turbidity of the water significantly influence the performance of the LiDAR bathymetry observations. The results suggest that there is no single best full waveform processing algorithm for all bathymetric situations. Overall, the optimal processing strategies resulted in a determination of water depths with a 6 cm mean at 14 cm standard deviation for clear water, and a 16 cm mean and 27 cm standard deviation in more turbid water.
Hyperspectral REE (Rare Earth Element) Mapping of Outcrops—Applications for Neodymium Detection
Authors: Boesche Nina , Rogass Christian , Lubitz Christin , Brell Maximilian , Herrmann Sabrina , Mielke Christian , Tonn Sabine , Appelt Oona , Altenberger Uwe , Kaufmann Hermann
Published: April 2015

In this study, an in situ application for identifying neodymium (Nd) enriched surface materials that uses multitemporal hyperspectral images is presented (HySpex sensor). Because of the narrow shape and shallow absorption depth of the neodymium absorption feature, a method was developed for enhancing and extracting the necessary information for neodymium from image spectra, even under illumination conditions that are not optimal. For this purpose, the two following approaches were developed: (1) reducing noise and analyzing changing illumination conditions by averaging multitemporal image scenes and (2) enhancing the depth of the desired absorption band by deconvolving every image spectrum with a Gaussian curve while the rest of the spectrum remains unchanged (Richardson-Lucy deconvolution). To evaluate these findings, nine field samples from the Fen complex in Norway were analyzed using handheld X-ray fluorescence devices and by conducting detailed laboratory-based geochemical rare earth element determinations. The result is a qualitative outcrop map that highlights zones that are enriched in neodymium. To reduce the influences of non-optimal illumination, particularly at the studied site, a minimum of seven single acquisitions is required. Sharpening the neodymium absorption band allows for robust mapping, even at the outer zones of enrichment. From the geochemical investigations, we found that iron oxides decrease the applicability of the method. However, iron-related absorption bands can be used as secondary indicators for sulfidic ore zones that are mainly enriched with rare earth elements. In summary, we found that hyperspectral spectroscopy is a noninvasive, fast and cost-saving method for determining neodymium at outcrop surfaces.
Accuracy Analysis of a Multi-View Stereo Approach for Phenotyping of Tomato Plants at the Organ Level
Authors: Rose Johann , Paulus Stefan , Kuhlmann Heiner
Published: April 2015

Accessing a plant’s 3D geometry has become of significant importance for phenotyping during the last few years. Close-up laser scanning is an established method to acquire 3D plant shapes in real time with high detail, but it is stationary and has high investment costs. 3D reconstruction from images using structure from motion (SfM) and multi-view stereo (MVS) is a flexible cost-effective method, but requires post-processing procedures. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential measuring accuracy of an SfM- and MVS-based photogrammetric method for the task of organ-level plant phenotyping. For this, reference data are provided by a high-accuracy close-up laser scanner. Using both methods, point clouds of several tomato plants were reconstructed at six following days. The parameters leaf area, main stem height and convex hull of the complete plant were extracted from the 3D point clouds and compared to the reference data regarding accuracy and correlation. These parameters were chosen regarding the demands of current phenotyping scenarios. The study shows that the photogrammetric approach is highly suitable for the presented monitoring scenario, yielding high correlations to the reference measurements. This cost-effective 3D reconstruction method depicts an alternative to an expensive laser scanner in the studied scenarios with potential for automated procedures.
Analysis and Experimental Kinematics of a Skid-Steering Wheeled Robot Based on a Laser Scanner Sensor
Authors: Wang Tianmiao , Wu Yao , Liang Jianhong , Han Chenhao , Chen Jiao , Zhao Qiteng
Published: April 2015

Skid-steering mobile robots are widely used because of their simple mechanism and robustness. However, due to the complex wheel-ground interactions and the kinematic constraints, it is a challenge to understand the kinematics and dynamics of such a robotic platform. In this paper, we develop an analysis and experimental kinematic scheme for a skid-steering wheeled vehicle based-on a laser scanner sensor. The kinematics model is established based on the boundedness of the instantaneous centers of rotation (ICR) of treads on the 2D motion plane. The kinematic parameters (the ICR coefficient , the path curvature variable and robot speed ), including the effect of vehicle dynamics, are introduced to describe the kinematics model. Then, an exact but costly dynamic model is used and the simulation of this model’s stationary response for the vehicle shows a qualitative relationship for the specified parameters and . Moreover, the parameters of the kinematic model are determined based-on a laser scanner localization experimental analysis method with a skid-steering robotic platform, Pioneer P3-AT. The relationship between the ICR coefficient and two physical factors is studied, i.e., the radius of the path curvature and the robot speed . An empirical function-based relationship between the ICR coefficient of the robot and the path parameters is derived. To validate the obtained results, it is empirically demonstrated that the proposed kinematics model significantly improves the dead-reckoning performance of this skid–steering robot.
Adaptive Control of the Packet Transmission Period with Solar Energy Harvesting Prediction in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Kwon Kideok , Yang Jihoon , Yoo Younghwan
Published: April 2015

A number of research works has studied packet scheduling policies in energy scavenging wireless sensor networks, based on the predicted amount of harvested energy. Most of them aim to achieve energy neutrality, which means that an embedded system can operate perpetually while meeting application requirements. Unlike other renewable energy sources, solar energy has the feature of distinct periodicity in the amount of harvested energy over a day. Using this feature, this paper proposes a packet transmission control policy that can enhance the network performance while keeping sensor nodes alive. Furthermore, this paper suggests a novel solar energy prediction method that exploits the relation between cloudiness and solar radiation. The experimental results and analyses show that the proposed packet transmission policy outperforms others in terms of the deadline miss rate and data throughput. Furthermore, the proposed solar energy prediction method can predict more accurately than others by 6.92%.
Multivariate Analyses and Evaluation of Heavy Metals by Chemometric BCR Sequential Extraction Method in Surface Sediments from Lingdingyang Bay, South China
Authors: Cao Linglong , Tian Haitiao , Yang Jie , Shi Ping , Lou Quansheng , Waxi Lali , Ni Zhixin , Peng Xiaojuan
Published: April 2015

Sediments in estuary areas are recognized as the ultimate reservoirs for numerous contaminants, e.g., toxic metals. Multivariate analyses by chemometric evaluation were performed to classify metal ions (Cu, Zn, As, Cr, Pb, Ni and Cd) in superficial sediments from Lingdingyang Bay and to determine whether or not there were potential contamination risks based on the BCR sequential extraction scheme. The results revealed that Cd was mainly in acid-soluble form with an average of 75.99% of its total contents and thus of high potential availability, indicating significant anthropogenic sources, while Cr, As, Ni were enriched in the residual fraction which could be considered as the safest ingredients to the environment. According to the proportion of secondary to primary phases (KRSP), Cd had the highest bioavailable fraction and represented high or very high risk, followed by Pb and Cu with medium risks in most of samples. The combined evaluation of the Pollution Load Index (PLI) and the mean Effect Range Median Quotient (mERM-Q) highlighted that the greatest potential environmental risk area was in the northwest of Lingdingyang Bay. Almost all of the sediments had a 21% probability of toxicity. Additionally, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that the survey region was significantly affected by two main sources of anthropogenic contributions: PC1 showed increased loadings of variables in acid-soluble and reducible fractions that were consistent with the input from industrial wastes (such as manufacturing, metallurgy, chemical industry) and domestic sewages; PC2 was characterized by increased loadings of variables in residual fraction that could be attributed to leaching and weathering of parent rocks. The results obtained demonstrated the need for appropriate remediation measures to alleviate soil pollution problem due to the more aggregation of potentially risky metals. Therefore, it is of crucial significance to implement the targeted strategies to tackle the contaminated sediments in Lingdingyang Bay.
Effects of Green Innovation on Environmental and Corporate Performance: A Stakeholder Perspective
Authors: Weng Hua-Hung , Chen Ja-Shen , Chen Pei-Ching
Published: April 2015

“Going green” has become an important environmental issue in contemporary business practice worldwide. This study examined the influence of a number of factors on green innovation and the consequences in terms of performance. The stakeholder theory was adopted to observe the effects of each stakeholder on the green innovation practices of companies and to determine how green innovation practices influence environmental and business performance. A research model with eight hypotheses was proposed to determine the associations between the variables of interest. An empirical survey was conducted of 202 Taiwanese service and manufacturing companies. The survey found that pressure from competitors and the government, along with employee conduct, all had significant and positive effects on green innovation practices. Additionally, a moderating effect of innovation orientation existed only in the relationship between green product innovation practices and employee conduct. This study not only provides a systematic way to analyze the effects of green innovation practices but also suggests the best means for companies to adopt green innovation practices.
Build-Up/Wash-Off Monitoring and Assessment for Sustainable Management of First Flush in an Urban Area
Authors: Di Modugno Maria , Gioia Andrea , Gorgoglione Angela , Iacobellis Vito , La Forgia Giovanni , Piccinni Alberto , Ranieri Ezio
Published: April 2015

The characterization of stormwater runoff on urbanized surfaces by means of comparison between experimental data and simulations is a strict requirement for a sustainable management of urban sewer systems. A monitoring campaign was carried out within a residential area in Puglia (Southern Italy) in order to collect and evaluate quantity and quality data. A strong correlation was observed between COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and TSS (Total Suspended Solid) concentrations, whose values exceed water quality standards. TSS was used for calibration of Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) which was then validated with reference to the pollutograph’s shape and the peak-time. The first flush phenomenon occurrence was also investigated by looking at the distribution of pollutant mass vs. volume in stormwater discharges, using the so-called “M(V) curves”. Results show that on average the first 30% of that washed off carries 60% of TSS and provides important information for the design of efficient systems for first flush treatment.
Alkylation and Carbamylation Effects of Lomustine and Its Major Metabolites and MGMT Expression in Canine Cells
Authors: Chakkath Thushara , Lavergne Sidonie , Fan Timothy , Bunick David , Dirikolu Levent
Published: April 2015

DNA Alkylation is thought to be the reason for the efficacy of lomustine while carbamylation has been implicated as the cause for the side effects seen with lomustine treatment such as hepatotoxicity. In the alkylation study we show that lomustine and its metabolites form similar levels of the DNA adducts N7 hydroxyethylguanine and O6 hydroxyethyldeoxyguanosine. In terms of carbamylation, lomustine showed greater extent of carbamylation in the canine hepatocytes and lymphoma cell lines. The DNA repair enzyme O6 methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) causes resistance of tumor cells to bifunctional nitrosourea, like lomustine. There is no data available regarding MGMT expression/activity in canine cells or tissues. Our study shows that there is low MGMT activity in the canine lymphoid cell line 17–71 while the GL-1 cells did not show any detectable enzyme activity or mRNA expression. The MGMT enzyme activity measured in canine hepatocytes is about 250–350 fmol/mg protein as compared to about 90 fmol/mg protein in 17–71 cells. We also show that MGMT mRNA expression in 17–71 cells and canine hepatocytes positively correlates with its enzyme activity in these cells.
Quatre étapes de la vie de Michel Psellos
Authors: Riedinger Jean-Claude
Published: April 2015

Michel Psellos est sans doute l’esprit le plus pénétrant et le plus grand écrivain byzantin du 11e siècle. Sa carrière reste pourtant indécise, bien qu’il ait semé de nombreux traits autobiographiques dans ses écrits et spécialement dans sa correspondance. L’auteur a rassemblé ces données pour marquer et analyser diverses moments ou étapes de cette brillante carrière : 1. Psellos a exercé la fonction de juge seulement dans le thème des Bucellaires, et cela sous Constantin Doukas. 2. Ce qu’il appelle son «entrée au Palais » est reconstitué dans ses différentes étapes. 3. Le titre de «proèdre » ou «consul » des philosophes correspond bien à une chaire professorale. 4. Il n’a jamais été protoasécrétis, et ses incontestables ambitions politiques se situaient sur un autre plan.
Remarques sur le texte de la Chronographie de Michel Psellos (3). Addenda
Authors: Riedinger Jean-Claude
Published: April 2015

Le manuscrit unique de la Chronographie de Michel Psellos, né en 1018 et mort vers la fin du siècle, fournit un texte largement défectueux. L’auteur de l’article a déjà proposé de nombreuses améliorations textuelles dans deux articles précédemment parus dans la REB (tome 63, 2005, p. 97-126 ; tome 64-65, 2006-2007, p. 205-253). Il présente ici, en guise d’Addenda, une nouvelle série de vingt et une corrections (no 174-194).
Interaction of electromagnetic radiation in the 20–200 GHz frequency range with arrays of carbon nanotubes with ferromagnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Atdayev Agylych , Danilyuk Alexander L , Prischepa Serghej L
Published: April 2015

The interaction of electromagnetic radiation with a magnetic nanocomposite based on carbon nanotubes (CNT) is considered within the model of distributed random nanoparticles with a core–shell morphology. The approach is based on a system composed of a CNT conducting resistive matrix, ferromagnetic inductive nanoparticles and the capacitive interface between the CNT matrix and the nanoparticles, which form resonance resistive–inductive–capacitive circuits. It is shown that the influence of the resonant circuits leads to the emergence of specific resonances, namely peaks and valleys in the frequency dependence of the permeability of the nanocomposite, and in the frequency dependence of the reflection and transmission of electromagnetic radiation.
Exploring the Long Shadow of IT Innovation Adoption Decisions on IT Value
Authors: Rahrovani Yasser , Addas Shamel , Pinsonneault Alain
Published: April 2015

UN nombre de recherches considérables a déjà été mené en vue de comprendre la valeur des innovations des technologies d’information (TI). Toutefois, la majorité de la recherche existante a étudié cette valeur surtout au stade ex post, indépendamment des conditions ex ante qui facilitent l’adoption de telles innovations. Cet article suggère que les conditions et décisions d’adoption passées laissent une emprunte durable sur la présente évaluation de valeur. Nous développons un modèle conceptuel reliant la valeur des innovations des TI aux motivations à l’origine de l’adoption. La thèse principale suggère que les conditions initiales existantes au stade de l’adoption d’une innovation des TI (ex ante) permettent de comprendre l’accent qui doit être mis sur les différents aspects de la valeur réalisée (ex post). Plus précisément, nous développons une typologie de quatre types de motivation d’adoption qui résultent de la combinaison de deux paramètres d’incertitude dans l’environnement. Ensuite, nous développons des propositions reliant chaque type d’adoption aux différents éléments de valeur des innovations des TI. Cet article permet d’étendre l’état de la recherche sur la valeur des TI (« IT value ») en fournissant une explication de la valeur des innovations TI qui s’aligne sur les motivations premières de l’adoption. De plus, il offre une façon de rassembler deux courants de recherche qui jusqu’ici ont été traités séparément : celui de l’adoption des TI, d’une part, et celui de la valeur des TI, d’autre part.
La contribution des différents types d’agents à un usage performant d’un PLMS
Authors: David Mickaël
Published: April 2015

La manière dont un utilisateur fait usage du système d’entreprise mis à sa disposition peut générer des contreperformances du système d’information. Cet article s’intéresse au rôle des managers et de la direction des systèmes d’information dans le contrôle de l’usage des systèmes d’entreprise. Avec une approche qualitative, nous étudions l’usage d’un système PLM (Product Lifecycle Management) chez un constructeur automobile. Ce type de système est généralement installé pour améliorer l’intégration informationnelle lors du processus de développement de nouveaux produits (DNP). Nous analysons les contributions des utilisateurs, des managers et des systèmes logiciels dans l’activation, puis dans le maintien du potentiel informationnel du système PLM. Nos résultats sur les usages des systèmes PLM sont autant de recommandations concrètes pour les managers responsables de l’usage performant de ces systèmes. Ils permettent notamment de distinguer les aspects de l’usage d’un système logiciel qui nécessitent une intervention managériale posant des règles strictes communes aux différents utilisateurs de ceux qui semblent nécessiter des marges de manœuvre laissées aux utilisateurs, sous peine d’inhiber leur appropriation du système logiciel. Cependant, l’apport principal de cet article est sa modélisation des situations d’usage et du rôle que peuvent, et devraient, y jouer les managers et la DSI, tout au long de la vie du système. Ces résultats ouvrent la voie à des comparaisons entre systèmes d’entreprise sur le besoin de contrôle de leurs usages. Enfin, d’un point de vue méthodologique, nous opérationnalisons d’une manière inédite le modèle de l’intégration informationnelle de Grieves (2006).
Exploring Smartphone Addiction: Insights from Long-Term Telemetric Behavioral Measures
Authors: Tossell Chad , Kortum Philip , Shepard Clayton , Rahmati Ahmad , Zhong Lin
Published: April 2015

This study examined smartphone user behaviors and their relation to self-reported smartphone addiction. Thirty-four users who did not own smartphones were given instrumented iPhones that logged all phone use over the course of the year-long study. At the conclusion of the study, users were asked to rate their level of addiction to the device. Sixty-two percent agreed or strongly agreed that they were addicted to their iPhones. These users showed differentiated smartphone use as compared to those users who did not indicate an addiction. Addicted users spent twice as much time on their phone and launched applications much more frequently (nearly twice as often) as compared to the non-addicted user. Mail, Messaging, Facebook and the Web drove this use. Surprisingly, games did not show any difference between addicted and non-addicted users. Addicted users showed significantly lower time-per-interaction than did non-addicted users for Mail, Facebook and Messaging applications. One addicted user reported that his addiction was problematic, and his use data was beyond three standard deviations from the upper hinge. This study provides unique insight, as use data in previous studies has been self-reported, and this study used a naturalistic, non-intervention data logging approach over the course of a year.
Web 3.0 Technologies and Transformation of Pedagogical Activities
Authors: Noskova Tatyana , Pavlova Tatyana , Iakovleva Olga
Published: April 2015

Web 3.0 creates the potential for implementation of new teaching strategies and new forms of teachers' professional pedagogical activities. Today, it is possible to assume the trends of Web 3.0 development. Most of these trends have been already revealed in the analysis of the current state of modern network technologies. New educational practices require both awareness of new opportunities in networking and acceptance and understanding of new educational strategies of learners. The chapter describes a concept of teachers' professional goals transformation in terms of Web 3.0, stressing movement towards learners' needs. The first pedagogical objective is to design the information educational environment. The second objective is to perceive a student via the informational environment. The third objective is to interact with other members of the informational environment. The fourth objective is to arrange the learning process. The fifth objective is to ensure professional self-development.
Semantic Retrieval of Documents from Digital Repositories and Twitter Integration in the Moodle Environment
Authors: Rodrigues de Oliveira Renan , Costa Fábio Moreira , Luiz de Carvalho Cedric , Ambròsio Ana Paula
Published: April 2015

Virtual learning environments represent an important step in enabling distance and blended education. Moodle's structure for content enables the identification of well-defined learning contexts. Nevertheless, Moodle currently does not provide standard features to leverage the use of such contextual information, nor does it provide a standard built-in search facility. This chapter presents a context-sensitive Moodle plug-in for the search of external resources that allows semantic-based retrieval of documents from any external repository that offers an OAI-PMH standard compliant interface. As a way to increase their potential use, the plug-in also retrieves Twitter messages (known as tweets), since social networks are shown as an important tool to support education. Retrieved resources are presented in order of importance according to both the query terms provided by the user and the current context derived from the Moodle content structure. Searches are semantically expanded by evaluating the query terms according to a specific ontology associated with the context.
E-Learning and the Semantic Web
Authors: Ahmud-Boodoo Raadila Bibi Mahmud Hajee
Published: April 2015

A number of 3.0 e-learning systems have been proposed in the literature to capture the numerous benefits that the Semantic Web has to offer to the higher education sector. These 3.0 e-learning systems identify some essential Semantic Web characteristics that are either discussed as stand-alone factors or tend to revolve around the complexities of the Semantic Web technology and its implementation, often disregarding users' needs. Conversely, a comprehensive analysis of e-learning models for higher education in the literature revealed several Critical Success Factors (CSFs) that are relevant to the Semantic Web but often overlooked in 3.0 e-learning models. Consequently, this chapter provides an overview of the CSFs of e-learning relevant to 3.0 e-learning systems as well as an overview of the main Semantic Web characteristics for e-learning to define a new and combined set of 3.0 e-learning characteristics that will holistically represent 3.0 e-learning systems capturing the needs and expectations of users. The new initial 3.0 e-learning model proposed is evaluated within the higher education sector in Mauritius.
Evaluating NoSQL Databases for Big Data Processing within the Brazilian Ministry of Planning, Budget, and Management
Authors: Huacarpuma Ruben C. , Rodrigues Daniel da C. , Serrano Antonio M. Rubio , Lustosa da Costa João Paulo C. , Júnior Rafael T. de Sousa , Leite Lizane , Ribeiro Edward , Holanda Maristela , Araujo Aleteia P. F.
Published: April 2015

The Brazilian Ministry of Planning, Budget, and Management (MP) manages enormous amounts of data that is generated on a daily basis. Processing all of this data more efficiently can reduce operating costs, thereby making better use of public resources. In this chapter, the authors construct a Big Data framework to deal with data loading and querying problems in distributed data processing. They evaluate the proposed Big Data processes by comparing them with the current centralized process used by MP in its Integrated System for Human Resources Management (in Portuguese: Sistema Integrado de Administração de Pessoal – SIAPE). This study focuses primarily on a NoSQL solution using HBase and Cassandra, which is compared to the relational PostgreSQL implementation used as a baseline. The inclusion of Big Data technologies in the proposed solution noticeably increases the performance of loading and querying time.
Advances in Methods for Marine Mammal and Fish Stock Assessments: Thermal Imagery and CamTrawl
Authors: Sigler Mike , DeMaster Doug , Boveng Peter , Cameron Michael , Moreland Erin , Williams Kresimir , Towler Rick
Published: April 2015

AbstractNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has adopted an integrated ecosystem research approach to understand climate effects on fish, seabirds, and marine mammals in the Arctic. The integrated ecosystem approach combines traditional oceanography, fisheries,
and mammal research techniques to improve scientific understanding of how ecosystems function as a whole. Innovative technologies are being developed to aid in this effort. Two new technologies that NOAA deploys in the Arctic are an advanced thermal imaging technology used to survey ice seal
abundance and a high-resolution, nonlethal technology, which integrates cameras and trawls to sample pelagic fishes (CamTrawl). The ice seal surveys relied on thermal imagery to detect warm seal bodies hauled out on cold sea ice. Compared to observer-based surveys, thermal detection surveys
require fewer personnel and less postsurvey processing time, can be flown at a higher altitude (reducing disturbance of seals), and yield higher rates of seal detection. The CamTrawl is a self-contained stereo-camera system fitted to the aft end of a trawl at the cod end (i.e., capture bag),
which can be left open. By integrating a camera system in the aft portion of a trawl, the CamTrawl concentrates marine organisms and presents this captive group to the cameras without having to recover them for onboard counting, as is done in traditional trawl tows. Compared to traditional
survey methods, the CamTrawl more precisely places marine organisms spatially in their environment, which is useful because of small-scale variation in the composition and distribution of fish schools.
NEPAN: A U.S. Northeast Passive Acoustic Sensing Network for Monitoring, Reducing Threats and the Conservation of Marine Animals
Authors: Van Parijs Sofie M. , Baumgartner Mark , Cholewiak Danielle , Davis Genevieve , Gedamke Jason , Gerlach Dana , Haver Samara , Hatch Joshua , Hatch Leila , Hotchkin Cara , Izzi Annamaria , Klinck Holger , Matzen Eric , Risch Denise , Silber Gregory K. , Thompson Michael
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe U.S. Northeast Passive Acoustic Sensing Network (NEPAN) is composed of numerous passive acoustic recorders that provide archived and near-real-time data on acoustically active marine mammals and fish species. It currently stretches from the northern Gulf of Maine into the New York Bight within the northwest Atlantic Ocean. The recorders include moored units that are entirely subsurface and archive audio, units with real-time reporting capabilities via surface buoys, and autonomous vehicles or “gliders.” Data derived from NEPAN will provide long-term year-round information on the presence and spatial distribution of vocal mysticetes and odontocetes, as well as fish. These data will be used to address critical conservation and management needs as well as to reduce threats from anthropogenic activities. Currently, NEPAN will operate from 2014 until late 2017. This listening network is an example of how collaborative scientific efforts and financial investment across many federal agencies can produce a novel far-reaching solution to current scientific information gaps. In this article, we lay out our vision for the future and provide details on the technologies and applications currently used in NEPAN. Furthermore, we present a road map that includes expanding the range of NEPAN throughout the Western North Atlantic Ocean, detecting more species and addressing an even more diverse range of management and conservation applications. However, the reality remains that the continued operation and/or expansion of this type of “listening network” will only be possible in the long term with clear and direct support from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service: Providing Global Observations to Understand Earth Science Systems
Authors: Samuelson Heidi , Gaches Lauren
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) mission is to monitor, assess, and predict an ever-changing environment that extends from the bottom of the ocean to the surface of the sun. The National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service
(NESDIS) operates a fleet of environmental satellites that provide observations and measurements critical for this assessment of the Earth-sun system, including data for real-time monitoring of severe weather events and for developing numerical prediction models and forecasts. NESDIS also
archives the data collected so users can access historical satellite data on atmosphere, land, and oceans dating back to the 1970s and in situ data going back centuries in order to improve our understanding of Earth's climate system. Because the World Ocean is one of the most important
drivers of weather and climate on the planet, NOAA satellites provide global data for operational products that affect Earth's ocean ecosystems, including coral bleaching alert areas, detecting harmful algal blooms, and monitoring sea ice. With its high-volume data centers, NESDIS provides
access to the world's most comprehensive sources of marine environmental data and information. This paper provides a brief history of NOAA satellites and an overview of the satellites currently in operation. Then, it focuses on satellite data and products that come together to monitor Earth's
oceans and provide support for tropical storm monitoring, El Niño Southern Oscillation research, and ocean ecosystem monitoring. The paper concludes with a look toward NOAA's next generation of satellites that will be launching in the coming years and their effect on ocean monitoring.
The In situ Global Ocean Observing System for Climate (and Other Needs)
Authors: Piotrowicz Stephen R. , Legler David M.
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) is the international observation system that ensures long-term sustained ocean observations. The ocean equivalent of the atmospheric observing system supporting weather forecasting, GOOS, was originally developed to provide
data for weather and climate applications. Today, GOOS data are used for all aspects of ocean management as well as weather and climate research and forecasting. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), through the Climate Observation Division of the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric
Research/Climate Program Office, is a major supporter of the climate component of GOOS. This paper describes the eight elements of GOOS, and the Arctic Observing Network, to which the Climate Observation Division is a major contributor. In addition, the paper addresses the evolution of the
observing system as rapidly evolving new capabilities in sensors, platforms, and telecommunications allow observations at unprecedented temporal and spatial scales with the accuracy and precision required to address questions of climate variability and change.
Testing and Evaluating Low Altitude Unmanned Aircraft System Technology for Maritime Domain Awareness and Oil Spill Response in the Arctic
Authors: Jacobs Todd , Jacobi Michelle , Rogers Mark , Adams Jeremy , Coffey John “JC” , Walker John , Johnston Bob
Published: April 2015

AbstractNational and international policies and treaties require the protection and exploration of the Arctic. The maritime services play a primary role in pursuing responsible Arctic stewardship by protecting the environment and the personnel conducting operations and research
in this harsh environment. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is an important partner to the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) in hazard response and mitigation (including oil spills and search and rescue). During Arctic Shield exercises, as part of the USCG Research and Development
Center's Arctic Technology Evaluation, manned and unmanned systems including the AeroVironment Puma™ All Environment (AE) (Puma) Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS), were used to provide real-time information for maritime domain awareness and oil spill response in the Arctic. Real-time information
distribution and maritime domain awareness are critical to prepare for and respond to potential environmental disasters in the Arctic. Additionally, the Puma was assessed for shipboard operations capabilities, Arctic air space coordination, deconfliction and safety issues, and real-time data
visualization through the Arctic Environmental Response Management Application® as part of a larger data management plan. The results are provided from the successful Puma testing during the Arctic Shield 2013 and 2014 exercises aboard the USCG Cutter (USCGC; Icebreaker) Healy.
An overview of these operations is given with recommendations for future testing and technology assessments of small UAS platforms for Arctic shipboard operational deployments. These findings are put into context for utilization in the field to support operations and decision making in the
case of a real oil spill in the Arctic region.
Mildew fungi found in termites (Reticulitermes lucifugus) and their nests
Authors: Wójcik A. , Andres B.
Published: April 2015

This paper presents the results of observation of mould growth in laboratory colonies of termites. It also attempts to determine the species of mould fungi present in the research laboratory and the main colonies and their entomopathogenic for the termites. The following four species were found in test termite colonies: Trichoderme viride, Mucor himeralis, Rhizopus nigricans, Aspergillus sp., Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria sp., Penicylium verucosum and Fusarium sp. were recognisable in test colonies with domestic and exotic wood. Morphological observations of the fungi were carried out using a microscope with a 40x magnification. The growth of mould fungi in test containers caused death of whole termite colonies.
A comprehensive philosophical approach to Qohelet’s epistemology
Authors: Gericke Jaco
Published: April 2015

An increasing number of studies have seen the light over the last few decades concerning the epistemology of the book of Ecclesiastes. The extant research seems to be limited to try to find a suitable philosophical profile for Qohelet’s concept of knowledge whilst ignoring a whole array of topics and theories in contemporary analytic epistemology. The available research thus reveals an ‘inside-out’ approach that is, reading Qohelet and then seeking to link his thought to a particular epistemological stance. In this study, however, an ‘outside-in’ approach is opted for that involves noting all the various issues in epistemology and then comparing each with what, if anything, Qohelet assumed in relation to the specific matter at hand.
‘Notice and takedown’: a copyright perspective
Authors: Marsoof Althaf
Published: April 2015

The idea that the Internet is a space that cannot, or should not, be regulated has been proven to be anything but true. Yet, the unique characteristics of the Internet have made its regulation problematic – to which online content regulation is no exception. Although Internet intermediaries, that perform a crucial role in providing access to, storing and linking online content, are often best suited to regulate the transmission of unlawful content, legislators have adopted a protectionist attitude towards them on the basis that the Internet, and of course Internet free speech, can only flourish if these intermediaries are allowed the space and freedom to develop their technology. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act 1998 enacted in the United States is a reflection of this attitude – providing Internet intermediaries that offer hosting and linking services with conditional immunity upon them implementing a ‘notice and takedown’ scheme that allows copyright owners to have infringing content removed from the Internet almost immediately. However, although this conditional immunity scheme favours the growth of Internet intermediaries, evidence suggests that the implementation of ‘notice and takedown’ procedures by these intermediaries runs counter to the protection of free speech rights on the Internet – leading to a paradoxical situation.