bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Explaining the winds of AGB stars: Recent progress
Authors: Höfner Susanne , Freytag Bernd
Published: November 2022

The winds observed around asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars are generally attributed to radiation pressure on dust, which is formed in the extended dynamical atmospheres of these pulsating, strongly convective stars. Current radiation-hydrodynamical models can explain many of the observed features, and they are on the brink of delivering a predictive theory of mass loss. This review summarizes recent results and ongoing work on winds of AGB stars, discussing critical ingredients of the driving mechanism, and first results of global 3D RHD star-and-wind-in-a-box simulations. With such models it becomes possible to follow the flow of matter, in full 3D geometry, all the way from the turbulent, pulsating interior of an AGB star, through its atmosphere and dust formation zone into the region where the wind is accelerated by radiation pressure on dust. Advanced instruments, which can resolve the stellar atmospheres, where the winds originate, provide essential data for testing the models.
Learning about AGB stars by studying the stars polluted by their outflows
Authors: Escorza Ana , De Rosa Robert J.
Published: November 2022

A rich zoo of peculiar objects forms when Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars, undergo interactions in a binary system. For example, Barium (Ba) stars are main-sequence and red-giant stars that accreted mass from the outflows of a former AGB companion, which is now a dim white dwarf (WD). Their orbital properties can help us constrain AGB binary interaction mechanisms and their chemical abundances are a tracer of the nucleosynthesis processes that took place inside the former AGB star. The observational constraints concerning the orbital and stellar properties of Ba stars have increased in the past years, but important uncertainties remained concerning their WD companions. In this contribution, we used HD 76225 to demonstrate that by combining radial-velocity data with Hipparcos and Gaia astrometry, one can accurately constrain the orbital inclinations of these systems and obtain the absolute masses of these WDs, getting direct information about their AGB progenitors via initial-final mass relationships.
Long-term light curve variations of AGB stars: episodic mass-loss or binarity?
Authors: Ortiz Roberto , Jorissen Alain , Planquart Léa
Published: November 2022

A significant fraction of the stars near the tip of the AGB phase become regular or semi-regular (Mira-type, SRs) pulsators. However, some of these light curves have shown intriguing secondary minima or sharp dips with much longer periods. Although this phenomenon shows some resemblance with the R CrB variables, the light curve is generally symmetric before and after the dip, whereas in R CrB the luminosity recovers slower after its minimum. More recently, high-resolution ALMA CO observations revealed a spiral structure around some of these stars, which suggests the presence of a stellar or sub-stellar companion. In these cases, the long-term light curve minima could be caused by periodic eclipses of the primary by a spiral circumstellar structure, and the long-period would be related to the orbital period. In this paper we discuss the pros and cons of the various proposed scenarios for the long-term minima of pulsating AGB stars.
BOSS-3D: A Binary Object Spectral Synthesis Code in 3D
Authors: Hennicker L. , Kee N. D. , Shenar T. , Bodensteiner J. , Abdul-Masih M. , El Mellah I. , Sana H. , Sundqvist J. O.
Published: November 2022

To decode the information stored within a spectrum, detailed modelling of the physical state is required together with accurate radiative transfer solution schemes. In the analysis of stellar spectra, the numerical model often needs to account for high velocity outflows, multi-dimensional structures, and the effects of binary companions. Focusing now on binary systems, we present the BOSS-3D spectral synthesis code, which is capable of calculating synthetic line profiles for a variety of binary systems. Assuming the state of the circumstellar material to be known, the standard pz-geometry is extended by defining individual coordinate systems for each object. By embedding these coordinate systems within the observer’s frame, BOSS-3D automatically accounts for outflows or discs within both involved systems, and includes all Doppler shifts. Moreover, the code accounts for different length-scales, and thus could also be used to analyse transit-spectra of planetary atmospheres. As a first application of BOSS-3D, we model the phase-dependent line profiles for the enigmatic binary (or multiple) system LB-1.
Getting started: How a supersonic stellar wind is initiated from a hydrostatic surface
Authors: Owocki Stan
Published: November 2022

Most of a star’s mass is bound in a hydrostatic equilibrium in which pressure balances gravity. But if at some near-surface layer additional outward forces overcome gravity, this can transition to a supersonic, outflowing wind, with the sonic point, where the outward force cancels gravity, marking the division between hydrostatic atmosphere and wind outflow. This talk will review general issues with such transonic initiation of a stellar wind outflow, and how this helps set the wind mass loss rate. The main discussion contrasts the flow initiation in four prominent classes of steady-state winds: (1) the pressure-driven coronal wind of the sun and other cool stars; (2) line-driven winds from OB stars; (3) a two-stage initiation model for the much denser winds from Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars; and (4) the slow “overflow” mass loss from highly evolved giant stars. A follow on discussion briefly reviews eruptive mass loss, with particular focus on the giant eruption of η Carinae.
Biomarkers of Anxiety Acquisition and Generalization in Virtual Reality Experiments
Authors: Genheimer Hannah , Pauli Paul , Andreatta Marta
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Anxiety disorders are characterized by exaggerated responses to a threatening situation and overgeneralization. Context conditioning has been used for the identification of risk factors. This systematic literature search identifies 16 articles published between 1990 and 2021 on differential anxiety conditioning and generalization in humans. Additionally, we provide example data for individuals suffering from panic attacks with and without depressive symptoms. Successful anxiety acquisition (discrimination between anxiety and safety context) was found on the subjective level of anxiety and US-expectancy, on the physiological level of electrodermal activity, and in the defensive behavior of startle response. Anxiety generalization (discrimination between generalization and safety context) was found on the verbal but not on the physiobehavioral level. In sum, we emphasize the impact of virtual reality on anxiety research. Verbal and physiobehavioral responses serve as reliable biomarkers for anxiety. Few studies found ratings to be the best predictor for anxiety generalization. Genetic predisposition or personality traits might foster overgeneralization.
When Do Subpollen Particles Become Relevant for Ice Nucleation Processes in Clouds?
Authors: Werchner Sven , Gute E. , Hoose C. , Kottmeier Ch. , Pauling A. , Vogel H. , Vogel B.
Published: November 2022

When exposed to sufficiently humid environments, pollen grains burst and release large quantities of small subpollen particles (SPPs) which carry ice nucleating macromolecules. In this study, for the first time we develop a physically based parameterization describing the bursting process of pollen by applying a turgor pressure parameterization and quantify the impact SPPs have on overall ice nucleation in clouds. SPPs are generated from simulated birch pollen emissions over Europe for a 10‐day case study in spring. We found SPP concentrations to surpass pollen grain concentrations by 4–6 orders of magnitude leading to an abundance of biological ice nuclei from SPPs in the range of 103−104 m−3. However, it is found that these concentrations lead to only small changes in hydrometeor number densities and precipitation. Addressing the question when SPPs become relevant for ice nucleation in clouds, we conducted a sensitivity investigation. We find that amplifying ice nucleation efficiency of biological particles by factors greater 100 increases the ice particle numbers by up to 25% (T ≈ 268 K). Strong reductions show in cloud droplet number concentration and water vapor at these temperatures while water vapor is increasing at 600 m. Overall, we found a net reduction of water in the atmosphere as liquid and particularly water vapor density is reduced, while frozen water mass density increases above 257 K. Findings indicate an alteration of mixed‐phase cloud composition and increased precipitation (up to 6.2%) when SPPs are considered as highly efficient biological ice nuclei.
Europa’s Plate Tectonic Activity Is Unlike Earth’s
Authors: Rehnberg Morgan
Published: November 2022

The moon of Jupiter has likely experienced intermittent, regional plate tectonic activity in the past, although the plates are currently dormant.
A Generic Relation Between Turbidity, Suspended Particulate Matter Concentration, and Sediment Characteristics
Authors: Sehgal Dhruv , Martínez‐Carreras Núria , Hissler Christophe , Bense Victor F. , Hoitink A. J. F. (Ton)
Published: November 2022

Optical turbidity sensors have become standard instrumentation to estimate suspended particulate matter concentration (SPMC). However, turbidity readings respond to factors other than SPMC, such as particle size and shape, organic fraction, sediment density and color. Therefore, local and site dependent calibrations are needed to transfer turbidity to SPMC. In this study, we propose a new relation between turbidity, suspended particulate matter (SPM) carbon content and particle size, which helps to move from local calibrations between turbidity and SPMC toward generic relations based on inherent SPM properties. Organic content is known to influence particle size, density and, as a result, turbidity, but an explicit formulation of turbidity accounting for organic content has not yet been established. We address this knowledge gap by collecting field data from four sites representing contrasting land use types, geological settings and watershed size. The sites were monitored with a turbidity meter, a LISST‐200X particle size analyzer and an automatic water sampler. SPM samples were collected and analyzed for particle size, carbon content, and color. Local calibrations between turbidity and SPMC derived at each site were compared with a generic calibration, where SPMC was obtained as a function of turbidity, carbon content, particle size and color. The mean relative error associated to predicted SPMCs was equal to 3% when using the generic calibration, which is only marginally lower than the mean relative error of 5% obtained using the local calibrations.
Limited Potential for Mineralization of Permafrost Peatland Soil Carbon Following Thermokarst: Evidence From Anoxic Incubation and Priming Experiments
Authors: Estop‐Aragonés Cristian , Heffernan Liam , Knorr Klaus‐Holger , Olefeldt David
Published: November 2022

Permafrost thaw in peatlands risks emitting vast stores of soil organic carbon (SOC) as greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, yet anoxic conditions and low peat quality may prevent rapid SOC loss. To assess differences in anaerobic SOC mineralization following thaw and vulnerability of previously‐frozen peat, we incubated peat (5° and 14°C) from 15 depths of ⁓6 m cores from different thaw sites including an intact permafrost peat plateau and thermokarst bogs that thawed ∼30 and ∼200 years ago. Furthermore, a glucose‐addition experiment after >700 days assessed whether labile C inputs occurring following thermokarst could accelerate SOC mineralization (priming). We found a common pattern of SOC mineralization rate decreasing with depth and peat age. However, we found no differences in peat mineralization rates among sites for samples of similar age and of corresponding peatland developmental stage. Priming effects were minor and short‐term, and did not vary among sites or with peat developmental stage. We also found mineralization rates from anoxic incubations more than an order of magnitude higher than rates implied from field observations, suggesting mineralization rates from anaerobic incubations should be used mainly to interpret relative differences. Peat humification and peat nitrogen and phosphorous content explained more than 85% of the variability in mineralization rates. Peat quality did not influence the temperature sensitivity of peat mineralization. Overall, the absence of substantial priming effects and the lack of differences in mineralization rates between permafrost peat and peat thawed 200 years ago suggests that rapid peatland SOC loss following thaw is unlikely.
Analytic Approximations of Scattering Effects on Beam Chromaticity in 21‐cm Global Experiments
Authors: Rogers Alan E. E. , Barrett John P. , Bowman Judd D. , Cappallo Rigel , Lonsdale Colin J. , Mahesh Nivedita , Monsalve Raul A. , Murray Steven G. , Sims Peter H.
Published: November 2022

Scattering from objects near an antenna produce correlated signals from strong compact radio sources in a manner similar to those used by the “Sea Interferometer” to measure the radio source positions using the fine frequency structure in the total power spectrum of a single antenna. These fringes or ripples due to correlated signal interference are present at a low level in the spectrum of any single antenna and are a major source of systematics in systems used to measure the global redshifted 21‐cm signal from the early universe. In the Sea Interferometer a single antenna on a cliff above the sea is used to add the signal from the direct path to the signal from the path reflected from the sea thereby forming an interferometer. This was used for mapping radio sources with a single antenna by Bolton and Slee in the 1950s. In this paper we derive analytic expressions to determine the level of these ripples and compare these results in a few simple cases with electromagnetic modeling software to verify that the analytic calculations are sufficient to obtain the magnitude of the scattering effects on the measurements of the global 21‐cm signal. These analytic calculations are needed to evaluate the magnitude of the effects in cases that are either too complex or take too much time to be modeled using software.
0.79 ppm scale-factor nonlinearity whole-angle microshell gyroscope realized by real-time calibration of capacitive displacement detection
Authors: Sun Jiangkun , Yu Sheng , Zhang Yongmeng , Li Qingsong , Xi Xiang , Lu Kun , Wu Xuezhong , Xiao Dingbang
Published: November 2022

Whole-angle gyroscopes have broad prospects for development with inherent advantages of excellent scale factor, wide bandwidth and measurement range, which are restrictions on rate gyroscopes. Previous studies on the whole-angle mode are based mostly on the linear model of Lynch, and the essential nonlinearity of capacitive displacement detection is always neglected, which has significant negative effects on the performance. In this paper, a novel real-time calibration method of capacitive displacement detection is proposed to eliminate these nonlinear effects. This novel method innovatively takes advantage of the relationship between the first and third harmonic components of detective signals for calibration. Based on this method, the real-time calibration of capacitive displacement detection is achieved and solves the problems of traditional methods, which are usually related to the vibration amplitude, environmental variations and other factors. Furthermore, this novel calibration method is embedded into a whole-angle control system to restore the linear capacitive response in real time and then combined with a microshell resonator for the first time to exploit the enormous potential of an ultrahigh Q factor and symmetric structure. The effectiveness is proven because the angle drift is reduced significantly to improve the scale-factor nonlinearity by 14 times to 0.79 ppm with 0.0673°/h bias instability and a 0.001°/s rate threshold, which is the best reported performance of the MEMS whole-angle gyroscope thus far. More importantly, this novel calibration method can be applied for all kinds of resonators with the requirement of a linear capacitive response even under a large resonant amplitude.
Treatment discontinuation, patient-reported toxicities and quality-of-life by age following trastuzumab emtansine or paclitaxel/trastuzumab (ATEMPT)
Authors: Sella Tal , Zheng Yue , Tayob Nabihah , Ruddy Kathryn J. , Freedman Rachel A. , Dang Chau , Yardley Denise , Isakoff Steven J. , Valero Vicente , DeMeo Michelle , Burstein Harold J. , Winer Eric P. , Wolff Antonio C. , Krop Ian , Partridge Ann H. , Tolaney Sara M.
Published: November 2022

In the ATEMPT trial, adjuvant trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) compared to paclitaxel plus trastuzumab (TH) for stage I HER2-positive breast cancer improved patient-reported outcomes (PROs), while maintaining excellent disease outcomes. We report treatment discontinuation and use multivariable models to compare, patient-reported toxicity and quality-of-life (QOL) by age (≤50, >50) and treatment arm at 18 months post-enrollment among 366 eligible participants randomized in a 3:1 ratio to T-DM1 or TH. T-DM1 discontinuation was higher among women >50 vs. ≤50 (23% vs. 9%, p = 0.003, Fisher’s Exact test) with 4%, 8%, and 17% of older patients discontinuing treatment by 3, 6, and 9 months, respectively. Superior QOL with T-DM1 vs. TH was observed among women ≤50 with estimated mean difference of 6.48 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51–12.46) and driven by better social/family well-being and breast cancer-specific sub-scores. Among women >50, T-DM1 was associated with superior physical well-being and less activity impairment, with no differences in global QOL. Older women had decreased neuropathy with T-DM1 vs. TH. De-escalated treatment regimens for HER2 positive breast cancer may have age-varying impact on treatment tolerance, toxicities and subsequent QOL, which should be considered when selecting therapy options.

Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01853748
Deduction of signaling mechanisms from cellular responses to multiple cues
Authors: Saha Soutick , Moon Hye-ran , Han Bumsoo , Mugler Andrew
Published: November 2022

Cell signaling networks are complex and often incompletely characterized, making it difficult to obtain a comprehensive picture of the mechanisms they encode. Mathematical modeling of these networks provides important clues, but the models themselves are often complex, and it is not always clear how to extract falsifiable predictions. Here we take an inverse approach, using experimental data at the cell level to deduce the minimal signaling network. We focus on cells’ response to multiple cues, specifically on the surprising case in which the response is antagonistic: the response to multiple cues is weaker than the response to the individual cues. We systematically build candidate signaling networks one node at a time, using the ubiquitous ingredients of (i) up- or down-regulation, (ii) molecular conversion, or (iii) reversible binding. In each case, our method reveals a minimal, interpretable signaling mechanism that explains the antagonistic response. Our work provides a systematic way to deduce molecular mechanisms from cell-level data.
Multi-day dataset of forearm and wrist electromyogram for hand gesture recognition and biometrics
Authors: Pradhan Ashirbad , He Jiayuan , Jiang Ning
Published: November 2022

Surface electromyography (sEMG) signals have been used for advanced prosthetics control, hand-gesture recognition (HGR), and more recently as a novel biometric trait. For these sEMG-based applications, the translation from laboratory research setting to real-life scenarios suffers from two major limitations: (1) a small subject pool, and (2) single-session data recordings, both of which prevents acceptable generalization ability. In this longitudinal database, forearm and wrist sEMG data were collected from 43 participants over three different days with long separation (Days 1, 8, and 29) while they performed static hand/wrist gestures. The objective of this dataset is to provide a comprehensive dataset for the development of robust machine learning algorithms of sEMG, for both HGR and biometric applications. We demonstrated the high quality of the current dataset by comparing with the Ninapro dataset. And we presented its usability for both HGR and biometric applications. Among other applications, the dataset can also be used for developing electrode-shift invariant generalized models, which can further bolster the development of wristband and forearm-bracelet sensors.
Comparison of effects of aminosalicylic acid, glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents on the expression of multidrug-resistant genes in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Chen Yan , Wang Ping , Zhang Yin , Du Xiao-Yu , Zhang Ying-Jian
Published: November 2022

To compare the effects of aminosalicylic acid, glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants on the expression levels of multidrug resistance genes in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), with the aim of providing a theoretical and therapeutic basis for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of UC. Fresh colonic mucosal tissues or postoperative pathological biopsies from 148 UC patients were collected, and the distribution sites and morphology of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) were detected using immunohistochemical staining. RT-PCR was used to quantify the expression levels of multidrug resistance gene (MDR1) mRNA before and after the corresponding treatment, and the effects of aminosalicylic acid, glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive drugs on P-gp were compared. In addition, the effects of the three drugs on MDR1 mRNA were analyzed. Administration of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) drugs did not correlate with MDR1 expression in UC, whereas administration of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive drugs was positively correlated with MDR1 expression profile. The expression levels of MDR1 mRNA and its product P-gp were significantly upregulated in patients who did not respond to glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive drugs. 5-ASA had no effect on the expression levels of MDR1 and its product P-gp in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of UC. However, the use of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants can increase the expression level of MDR1.
A data plane security model of SR-BE/TE based on zero-trust architecture
Authors: Wang Liang , Ma Hailong , Li Ziyong , Pei Jinchuan , Hu Tao , Zhang Jin
Published: November 2022

Facing the untrusted threats of network elements and PKI/CA faced by SR-BE/TE (Segment Routing-BE/TE) data plane in the zero-trust network environment, firstly, this paper refines it into eight specific security issues. Secondly, an SR-BE/TE data plane security model ZbSR (ZTA-based SR) based on zero-trust architecture is proposed, which reconstructs the original SR control plane into a "trust-agent" two-layer plane based on 4 components of the controller, agent, cryptographic center and information base. On one hand, we distinguish between the two segment list generation modes and proposes corresponding data exchange security algorithms, by introducing north–south security verification based on identity authentication, trust evaluation, and key agreement before the terminal device establishes an east–west access connection, so reliable data exchange between terminal devices can be realized. On the other hand, for the network audit lacking SR-BE/TE, a network audit security algorithm based on solid authentication is proposed. By auditing the fields, behaviors, loops, labels, paths, and SIDs of messages, threats such as stream path tampering, SID tampering, DoS attacks, and loop attacks can be effectively detected. Finally, through the simulation test, the proposed model can provide security protection for the SR data plane with a 19.3% average incremental delay overhead for various threat scenarios.
Numerical investigation of the effect of the opening mode on the pressure relief process of engine nacelle
Authors: Yan Yan , Chen Chen , Peng Xiaotian , Wang Chenchen , Feng Shiyu
Published: November 2022

The pressure relief door (PRD) is a vital structure to ensure the safety and reliability of the engine. This paper established a zero-dimensional transient simulation mathematical model to study the plenum compartment pressure threshold and maximum opening angle effects on the nacelle pressure relief process under different opening modes. Then, a computational fluid dynamics model verified by experimental literature data was used to simulate the nacelle pressure relief process and to determine the influence of two different opening modes on the force and discharge characteristics of the PRD. The results of this study show that different opening modes strongly impact the nacelle pressure relief process. Reducing the nacelle compartment pressure threshold of the PRD opening can reduce the time required for the pressure relief process to reach the equilibrium stage. Reducing the maximum opening angle may increase the nacelle compartment pressure during the equilibrium stage. In addition, under the same nacelle compartment pressure thresholds and maximum opening angles, the pressure relief process under the vertical opening mode can reach a lower nacelle compartment pressure during the pressure relief equilibrium stage compared to that under the horizontal opening mode. Therefore, the vertical opening mode is better than the horizontal opening mode. This paper provides two lower calculation costs and high accuracy research models for studying the nacelle pressure relief process.
Blunted rest-activity circadian rhythm increases the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality in US adults
Authors: Xu Yanyan , Su Shaoyong , Li Xinyue , Mansuri Asifhusen , McCall William V. , Wang Xiaoling
Published: November 2022

To examine whether rest-activity circadian rhythm parameters can predict all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality in a general adult population of the US. We further compared the mortality predictive performance of these parameters with that of traditional risk factors. This study included 7,252 adults from US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2011–2014, who had wrist accelerometer data obtained at baseline and follow-up status linked to the National Death Index records (2011–2019). During a median of 81 months (interquartile range, 69–94 months) of follow-up, 674 (9.3%) deaths occurred. There were inverse associations between relative amplitude (RA) and all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality with increased quartiles RA associated with lower mortality risk (all P < 0.05). The Hazard Ratios ranged from 0.61 to 0.79. Furthermore, RA outperformed all the tested traditional predictors of all-cause mortality with the exception of age. This study suggests that participants with blunted rest-activity circadian rhythms had a higher risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality. Future studies will be needed to test whether interventions that regulate rest-activity circadian activity rhythms will improve health outcomes.
Neural mechanisms underlying rule selection based on response evaluation: a near-infrared spectroscopy study
Authors: Harada Taeko , Iwabuchi Toshiki , Senju Atsushi , Nakayasu Chikako , Nakahara Ryuji , Tsuchiya Kenji J , Hoshi Yoko
Published: November 2022

The ability of humans to use rules for organizing action demands a high level of executive control. Situational complexity mediates rule selection, from the adoption of a given rule to the selection of complex rules to achieve an appropriate response. Several rules have been proposed to be superordinate to human behavior in a cognitive hierarchy and mediated by different brain regions. In the present study, using a novel rule-selection task based on pre-response evaluations that require several cognitive operations, we examined whether the task is mediated by a specific region of the prefrontal cortex using near-infrared spectroscopy. We showed that the selection of rules, including prior evaluation of a stimulus, activates broader areas of the prefrontal and premotor regions than response selection based on a given rule. The results are discussed in terms of hierarchical cognitive models, the functional specialization of multiple-cognitive operations in the prefrontal cortex, and their contribution to a novel cognitive task.
Pattern of SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.519 emergence in Alaska
Authors: Haan Tracie J. , Smith Lisa K. , DeRonde Stephanie , House Elva , Zidek Jacob , Puhak Diana , Redlinger Matthew , Parker Jayme , Barnes Brian M. , Burkhead Jason L. , Knall Cindy , Bortz Eric , Chen Jack , Drown Devin M.
Published: November 2022

Alaska has the lowest population density in the United States (US) with a mix of urban centers and isolated rural communities. Alaska’s distinct population dynamics compared to the contiguous US may have contributed to unique patterns of SARS-CoV-2 variants observed in early 2021. Here we examined 2323 SARS-CoV-2 genomes from Alaska and 278,635 from the contiguous US collected from December 2020 through June 2021 because of the notable emergence and spread of lineage B.1.1.519 in Alaska. We found that B.1.1.519 was consistently detected from late January through June of 2021 in Alaska with a peak prevalence in April of 77.9% unlike the rest of the US at 4.6%. The earlier emergence of B.1.1.519 coincided with a later peak of Alpha (B.1.1.7) compared to the contiguous US. We also observed differences in variant composition over time between the two most populated regions of Alaska and a modest increase in COVID-19 cases during the peak incidence of B.1.1.519. However, it is difficult to disentangle how social dynamics conflated changes in COVID-19 during this time. We suggest that the viral characteristics, such as amino acid substitutions in the spike protein, likely contributed to the unique spread of B.1.1.519 in Alaska.
Multi-functional imaging inspired by insect stereopsis
Authors: Kim Kisoo , Jang Kyung-Won , Bae Sang-In , Jeong Ki-Hun
Published: November 2022

Insects exhibit intriguing vision capability using fragmented information from arrays of lenses. Visual disparity between lenses or eyelets (also known as stereopsis) helps insects to locate their prey or find landing spots. Here we report a multi-functional imaging system inspired by insect stereopsis using a single ultrathin microlens array camera. Individual channels through tens of microlenses capture distinct images with visual disparities. We demonstrate that reconstruction of these images can provide diverse capabilities, such as simultaneous near-distance microscopic imaging, high speed imaging at far distances and 3D depth imaging at intermediate distances. Our findings offer clues to further understand the vision capability of insects as well as insights for advanced compact functional imaging tools.
Multifunctional switching properties of “wire-like” dinuclear ruthenium bis-alkynyl spiropyran complexes
Authors: Jago David , Langley Amelia R. , Eaves Samantha G. , Walkey Mark C. , Pulbrook Thea , Moggach Stephen A. , Piggott Matthew J. , Low Paul J. , Koutsantonis George A.
Published: November 2022

Whilst inert to electrochemical stimulus, acid-induced ring-opening of an ethynyl spiropyran ligand in Ru complexes proceeds to form the protonated merocyanine, that can be switched from the Z- to E-form by UV light.
Introducing Te for boosting electrocatalytic reactions
Authors: Chu Xianxu , Li Junru , Xu Hui , Qian Weiyu
Published: November 2022

Te-based nanocatalysts with multiple structures have been summarized for boosting electrocatalytic reactions.
The modulation effect of auxiliary ligands on photochromic properties of 3D naphthalene diimide coordination polymers
Authors: Zhang Shimin , Yu Weiyu , Hao Pengfei , Li Gaopeng , Shen Junju , Fu Yunlong
Published: November 2022

Two novel 3D naphthalene diimide coordination polymers exhibit auxiliary ligand-controlled photoinduced intermolecular electron transfer and photochromic properties.
The reactivity of antimony and bismuthN,C,N-pincer compounds toward K[BEt3H] – the formation of heterocyclic compoundsvs. element–element bondsvs.stable terminal Sb–H bonds
Authors: Novák Pavel , Erben Milan , Jambor Roman , Hejda Martin , Růžička Aleš , Rychagova Elena , Ketkov Sergey , Dostál Libor
Published: November 2022

A diverse reactivity of Sb(iii) and Bi(iii) N,C,N pincer complexes toward K[BEt3H] is reported along with a remarkable epimerization of chiral E–E bonded compounds.
Anion effect on enantioselective oxidative NHC catalysis: highly efficient kinetic resolution of tertiary alcohols and beyond
Authors: Hu Dan , Poh Si Bei , Liu Feipeng , Tu Zhifeng , Wang Xia , Lu Shenci , Zhao Yu
Published: November 2022

The effect of the counter-anion in the azolium pre-catalyst on enantio-control in oxidative NHC catalysis is demonstrated systematically for the first time in acylative kinetic resolution of oxindole-derived tertiary alcohols.
An organic photoredox catalyst promotedpara-selective C–H amination of aryl oximes
Authors: Wang Cheng , Zhang Xue-jun , Zhao Yan-Wei , Liu Qianqian , Cheng Hongli , Huang Zhibin , Zhao Yingsheng
Published: November 2022

Direct C–H amination methods are essential because of the importance of aryl amine derivatives.
A hybrid microwave sintered PZT composite as a flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator
Authors: Avanish Babu T. , Madhuri W.
Published: November 2022

Fabrication of piezoelectric nanogenerators.
Heterologous expression, molecular studies and biochemical characterization of a novel alkaline esterase gene fromBacillus thuringiensisfor detergent industry
Authors: Zafar Asma , Rahman Ziaur , Mubeen Hira , Makhdoom Javairia , Tariq Javeria , Mahjabeen  , Ali Zulqurnain , Hamid Attia , Shafique Eeza , Aftab Muhammad Nauman
Published: November 2022

Present study was aimed to clone and express the esterase encoding gene fromBacillus thuringiensisinE. coliBL21.
Adsorptive removal of tetracycline and ciprofloxacin drugs from water by using a magnetic rod-like hydroxyapatite and MIL-101(Fe) metal–organic framework nanocomposite
Authors: Beiranvand Maryam , Farhadi Saeed , Mohammadi-Gholami Abdolnasar
Published: November 2022

A magnetic rod-like hydroxyapatite and MIL-101(Fe) metal–organic framework (HAP/MIL-101(Fe)/Fe3O4) nanocomposite was fabricated and applied as a new magnetically recoverable ternary adsorbent to remove antibiotics from aqueous solutions.
The role of polyplexes in developing a green sustainable approach in agriculture
Authors: Das Pratyush K. , Panda Gyanendra , Patra Kananbala , Jena Nivedita , Dash Mamoni
Published: November 2022

RNAi based gene silencing is a novel and environmental sustainable technique to control pests in crops and plants. Cationic polymers act as an important transfection agent thus improving the stability and efficiency of the process.
Hydrogenation of MTHPA to MHHPA over Ni-based catalysts: Al2O3 coating, Ru incorporation and kinetics
Authors: Pu Jianglong , Liu Changhao , Shi Shenming , Yun Junxian
Published: November 2022

The incorporation of Ru greatly enhanced the catalytic performance for MTHPA to MHHPA owing to the better Ni dispersion and highly active sites.
Learning 3D shape proprioception for continuum soft robots with multiple magnetic sensors
Authors: Baaij Thomas , Holkenborg Marn Klein , Stölzle Maximilian , van der Tuin Daan , Naaktgeboren Jonatan , Babuška Robert , Della Santina Cosimo
Published: November 2022

We propose a neural architecture to make sense of the nonlinear relationship between the perceived intensity of the magnetic field and the shape of a continuum soft robot and improve efficiency by injecting priori knowledge from a kinematic model.
Light-induced destabilisation of oil-in-water emulsions using light-active bolaform surfactants
Authors: Biswas Soumodeep , Karishma S. , Ramesh Balu , Jeganmohan Masilamani , Mani Ethayaraja
Published: November 2022

External stimuli-induced destabilisation of oil-in-water emulsions.
Formation of low-density electrospun fibrous network integrated mesenchymal stem cell sheet
Authors: Tang Han , Wang Xiaoli , Zheng Jie , Long Yun-Ze , Xu Tingting , Li Donghong , Guo Xuran , Zhang Yanzhong
Published: November 2022

Introduction of low-density fibrous network actively promoted the cell-mediated matrix remodeling and enhanced the formation of structurally homogeneous tissue-like cell sheets.
The road less travelled? Exploring the nuanced evolutionary consequences of duplicated genes
Authors: Baker Emily Anna , Woollard Alison
Published: November 2022

Duplicated genes have long been appreciated as both substrates and catalysts of evolutionary processes. From even the simplest cell to complex multicellular animals and plants, duplicated genes have made immeasurable contributions to the phenotypic evolution of all life on Earth. Not merely drivers of morphological innovation and speciation events, however, gene duplications sculpt the evolution of genetic architecture in ways we are only just coming to understand now we have the experimental tools to do so. As such, the present article revisits our understanding of the ways in which duplicated genes evolve, examining closely the various fates they can adopt in light of recent work that yields insights from studies of paralogues from across the tree of life that challenge the classical framework.
Potential contributions of Pop III and intermediate-mass Pop II stars to cosmic chemical enrichment
Authors: Corazza Lia C. , Miranda Oswaldo D. , Wuensche Carlos A.
Published: November 2022

Context. We propose a semi-analytic model that is developed to understand the cosmological evolution of the mean metallicity in the Universe. In particular, we study the contributions of Population III (Pop III) and Population II (Pop II) stars to the production of Fe, Si, Zn, Ni, P, Mg, Al, S, C, N, and O.

Aims. We aim to quantify the roles of two different models in the chemical enrichment of the Universe. The first model (A) considers both stars with Pop III and Pop II yields. For the second model (B), the yields involved are only for Pop II stars.

Methods. We start by describing the cosmic star formation rate (CSFR) through an adaptation of a scenario developed within the hierarchical scenario of structure formation with a Press-Schechter-like formalism. We adapt the formalism to implement the CSFR to the standard chemical evolution scenario to investigate the course of chemical evolution on a cosmological basis. Calculations start at redshift z ∼ 20, and we compare the results of our two models with data from damped Lyman-α systems (DLAs), and globular clusters (GCs).

Results. Our main results find that metal production in the Universe occurred very early, quickly increasing with the formation of the first stars. When comparing results for [Fe/H] with observations from GCs, yields of Pop II stars are not enough to explain the observed chemical abundances, requiring stars with physical properties similar those expected from Pop III stars.

Conclusions. Our semi-analytic model can deliver consistent results for the evolution of cosmic metallicities. Our results show that the chemical enrichment in the early Universe is rapid, and at redshift ∼12.5, the metallicity reaches 10−4 Z⊙ for the model that includes Pop III stars. In addition, we explore values for the initial mass function (IMF) within the range [0.85, 1.85].
Asymmetry in the number of L4 and L5 Jupiter Trojans driven by jumping Jupiter
Authors: Li Jian , Xia Zhihong Jeff , Yoshida Fumi , Georgakarakos Nikolaos , Li Xin
Published: November 2022

Context. More than 10 000 Jupiter Trojans have been detected so far. They are moving around the L4 and L5 triangular Lagrangian points of the Sun-Jupiter system and their distributions can provide important clues about the early evolution of the Solar System.

Aims. The number asymmetry of the L4 and L5 Jupiter Trojans is a longstanding problem. We aim to test a new mechanism in order to explain this anomalous feature by invoking the jumping-Jupiter scenario.

Methods. First, we introduce the orbital evolution of Jupiter caused by the giant planet instability in the early Solar System. In this scenario, Jupiter could undergo an outward migration at a very high speed. We then investigate how such a jump changes the numbers of the L4 (N4) and L5 (N5) Trojans.

Results. The outward migration of Jupiter can distort the co-orbital orbits near the Lagrangian points, resulting in L4 Trojans being more stable than the L5 ones. We find that this mechanism could potentially explain the unbiased number asymmetry of N4/N5 ~ 1.6 for the known Jupiter Trojans. The uncertainties of the system parameters, such as Jupiter’s eccentricity and inclination as well as the inclination distribution of Jupiter Trojans, are also taken into account and our results about the L4/L5 asymmetry have been further validated. However, the resonant amplitudes of the simulated Trojans are excited to higher values compared to the current population. A possible solution is that collisions among the Trojans may reduce their resonant amplitudes.
Flares detected in ALMA single-dish images of the Sun
Authors: Skokić I. , Benz A. O. , Brajša R. , Sudar D. , Matković F. , Bárta M.
Published: November 2022

Context. The millimeter and submillimeter radiation of solar flares is poorly understood. Without spatial resolution, millimeter emission cannot be easily compared to flare emission in other wavelengths. Though the Atacama Large Millimeter-submillimeter Array (ALMA) offers sufficient resolution for the first time, ALMA cannot be used on demand to observe when a flare occurs, and when used as an interferometer, its field of view is smaller than an active region.

Aims. We used readily available large-scale single-dish ALMA observations of solar millimeter flares and compared them to well-known features observed in other wavelengths. The properties of these other flare emissions, correlating in space and time, could then be used to interpret the millimeter brightenings and vice versa. The aim is to obtain reliable associations limited by the time and space resolution of single-dish observations.

Methods. Ordinary interferometric ALMA observations require single-dish images of the full Sun for calibration. We collected such observations at 3 mm and 1 mm and searched for millimeter brightenings during times listed in a flare catalog.

Results. All of the flares left a signature in millimeter waves. We found five events with nine or more images that could be used for comparison in time and space. The millimeter brightenings are associated with a variety of flare features in cool (Hα, 304 Å), intermediate (171 Å), and hot (94 Å) lines. In several cases, the millimeter brightening peaked at the footpoint of a hot flare loop. In other cases the peak of the millimeter brightening coincided with the top or footpoint of an active Hα filament. We also found correlations with post-flare loops and the tops of a hot loop. In some images, the millimeter radiation peaked at locations where no feature in the selected lines was found.

Conclusions. The wide field of view provided by the single-dish ALMA observations allowed for a complete overview of the flare activity in millimeter waves for the first time. The associated phenomena often changed in type and location during the flare. The variety of phenomena detected in these millimeter observations may explain the sometimes bewildering behavior of millimeter flare emissions previously observed without spatial resolution.
A first glimpse at the line-of-sight structure of the Milky Way’s nuclear stellar disc
Authors: Nogueras-Lara F.
Published: November 2022

Context. The nuclear stellar disc (NSD) is a dense stellar structure at the centre of our Galaxy. Given its proximity, it constitutes a unique laboratory to understand other galactic nuclei. Nevertheless, the high crowding and extinction hamper its study, and even its morphology and kinematics are not yet totally clear.

Aims. In this work we use NSD red clump stars, whose intrinsic properties are well known, to trace the kinematics of the NSD and to compute the distance and extinction towards the edges of the NSD.

Methods. We used publicly available proper motion and photometric catalogues of the NSD to distinguish red clump stars by using a colour-magnitude diagram. We then applied a Gaussian mixture model to obtain the proper motion distribution, and computed the extinction and distance towards stars with different kinematics.

Results. We obtained that the proper motion distributions contain NSD stars rotating eastwards and westwards, plus some contamination from Galactic bulge/bar stars, in agreement with previous work. We computed the distance and extinction towards the eastward- and westward-moving stars and concluded that the latter are ∼300 pc beyond, indicating a similar structure along and across the line of sight, and consistent with an axisymmetric structure of the NSD. Moreover, we found that the extinction within the NSD is relatively low and accounts for less than 10% of the total extinction of the stars belonging to the farthest edge of the NSD.
TheGaia-ESO Survey: Probing the lithium abundances in old metal-rich dwarf stars in the solar vicinity
Authors: Dantas M. L. L. , Guiglion G. , Smiljanic R. , Romano D. , Magrini L. , Bensby T. , Chiappini C. , Franciosini E. , Nepal S. , Tautvaišienė G. , Gilmore G. , Randich S. , Lanzafame A. C. , Heiter U. , Morbidelli L. , Prisinzano L. , Zaggia S.
Published: November 2022

Context.Lithium (Li) is a fragile element that is produced in a variety of sites but can also be very easily depleted in stellar photospheres. Radial migration has been reported to explain the decrease in the upper envelope of Li measurements observed for relatively old metal-rich dwarf stars in some surveys.

Aims.We test a scenario in which radial migration could affect the Li abundance pattern of dwarf stars in the solar neighbourhood. This may confirm that the Li abundances in these stars cannot serve as a probe for the Li abundance in the interstellar medium (ISM). In other words, to probe the evolution of the Li abundance in the local ISM, it is crucial that stellar intruders be identified and removed from the adopted sample.

Methods.We used the high-quality data (including Li abundances) from the sixth internal Data Release of theGaia-ESO survey. In this sample we grouped stars by similarity in chemical abundances via hierarchical clustering. Our analysis treats both measured Li abundances and upper limits.

Results.The Li envelope of the previously identified radially migrated stars is well below the benchmark meteoritic value (<3.26 dex); the star with the highest detected abundance has A(Li) = 2.76 dex. This confirms the previous trends observed for old dwarf stars (median ages ∼ 8 Gyr), where Li decreases for [Fe/H] ≳ 0.

Conclusions.This result is supporting evidence that the abundance of Li measured in the upper envelope of old dwarf stars should not be considered a proxy for the ISM Li. Our scenario also indicates that the stellar yields for [M/H] >0 should not be decreased, as recently proposed in the literature. Our study backs recent studies that claim that old dwarfs on the hot side of the dip are efficient probes of the ISM abundance of Li, provided atomic diffusion does not significantly lower the initial Li abundance in the atmospheres of metal-rich objects.