bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nodal Metastases in Pediatric and Adult Acinic Cell Carcinoma of the Major Salivary Glands
Authors: Dublin Jared C. , Oliver Jamie R. , Tam Moses M. , Persky Michael J. , Jacobson Adam S. , Liu Cheng , Hu Kenneth S. , Vaezi Alec E. , Morris Luc G.T. , Givi Babak
Published: March 2022

Objective

Acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC) is a rare, usually low‐grade salivary malignancy. Evidence on rates of lymph node metastases (LNMs) is limited in pediatric patients and varies significantly (4%‐45%) in adults. We set out to determine and compare rates of LNMs in pediatric and adult AciCC and to analyze their impact on survival, using the National Cancer Database.

Study Design

Historical cohort study.

Setting

National Cancer Database.

Methods

All AciCCs of the major salivary glands with complete clinical and pathologic nodal staging were selected between 2010 and 2016. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, treatment, and survival were analyzed. Univariable and multivariable regression were performed to determine factors associated with LNMs and survival.

Results

We identified 57 (4.6%) pediatric patients (<18 years) and 1192 (95.4%) adults with AciCC. Clinical LNMs were rare in pediatric patients (n < 10) and adults (n = 88, 7.4%). Occult LNMs were uncommon in pediatric patients (n < 5) and adults (n = 41, 4.6%). Three‐year overall survival for pediatric patients was 97.8%. Adults with LNM had worse 3‐year overall survival than those without (66.0% vs 96.3%, P <. 001). In multivariable regression, high‐grade disease (hazard ratio, 10.15 [95% CI, 5.60‐18.80]; P <. 001) and T3‐T4 tumors (hazard ratio, 2.80 [95% CI, 1.56‐4.97]; P <. 001) were associated with LNM in adult patients.

Conclusion

LNMs in AciCC of the major salivary glands are rare in children and adults. However, high‐grade and T3‐T4 tumors are associated with an increased risk of LNM. LNM is associated with worse survival.
Biometric imaginaries: Formatting voice, body, identity to data
Authors: Kang Edward B
Published: March 2022

This article examines the sociotechnical imaginary within which contemporary biometric listening or VIA (voice identification and analysis) technologies are being developed. Starting from an examination of a key article on Voiceprint identification written in the 1940s, I interrogate the conceptual link between voice, body, and identity, which was central to these early attempts at technologizing voice identification. By surveying patents that delineate systems for voice identification, collection methods for voice data, and voice analysis, I find that the VIA industry is dependent on the conceptual affixion of voice to identity based on a reduction of voice that sees it as a fixed, extractable, and measurable ‘sound object’ located within the body. This informs the thinking of developers in the VIA industry, resulting in a reframing of the technological shortcomings of voice identification under the rubric of big data. Ultimately, this reframing rationalizes the implementation of audio surveillance systems into existing telecommunications infrastructures through which voice data is acquired on a massive scale.
A Latent Class Approach to Understanding Associations between Sports Participation, Substance Use, Dismissive Attitudes, and Sexual Violence Perpetration among High School Athletes
Authors: Ingram Katherine M. , Basile Kathleen C. , Leemis Ruth , Espelage Dorothy L. , Valido Alberto
Published: March 2022

Sexual violence (SV) among adolescents continues to be a major public health concern with numerous consequences. Research, predominantly with male collegiate samples, has suggested an association between sports participation and SV perpetration, and has included other important risk factors such as substance use and attitudes. However, more research is needed in this area among adolescents. The current study uses latent class analysis (LCA) to examine data- driven classes of high school student athletes (N = 665) engaged in three risk factor areas for SV: sport contact level, likelihood of substance use, and attitudes dismissive of SV. Once classes were enumerated and fit separately for male and female samples, pairwise comparisons were conducted on scores on two forms of SV (perpetration of sexual harassment and unwanted sexual contact) as a function of class membership. A 5-class solution was retained for both males and females. In the female sample, regarding SV—harassment, those most likely to perpetrate sexual harassment were those characterized by high likelihood of use of cigarettes, marijuana, alcohol, vape products, and those who played any type of sport. Too few females endorsed perpetration of unwanted sexual contact for pairwise comparisons to be conducted. For males, the classes most likely to perpetrate both forms of SV were those who were likely to endorse high likelihood to use of cigarettes, marijuana, alcohol, vape products, endorse attitudes dismissive of SV, and play any type of sport but especially high contact sports. These findings implicate high school athletic spaces as important venues for sexual violence prevention efforts.
The P/Si synergistic effect enduing epoxy resin with improved flame retardancy and outstanding mechanical properties
Authors: Hou Zhuang , Li Chuan , Wang Huihuan , Li Bolun , Cai Haopeng
Published: March 2022

The bisphenol F epoxy resin (DGEBF) reacted with 10-(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)-10H-9-oxa-10-phospha-phenantbrene-10-oxide (ODOPB) and phenyltrimethoxysilane (PTMS) to obtain a novel epoxy resin containing both phosphorus and silicon (EP-P/Si). EP-P/Si exhibited evidently improved flame retardancy, with a limited oxygen index value of 33.4% and UL-94 V-1 rating acquired. In cone calorimeter test, its peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), average effective heat of combustion (av-EHC), and total smoke production (TSP) were reduced by 36.0%, 19.5%,11.5%, and 7.2% compared with neat epoxy resin (EP), respectively, indicating that the P/Si synergistic effect not only improved the flame retardancy but also inhibited the smoke release. The flame retardancy mechanism was studied by analysis of char residue and pyrolysis behavior in gas phase. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results exhibited that EP-P/Si formed a dense and compact carbon layer acting as a barrier to inhibit further combustion. And the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicated that it had good thermal stability. In addition, the pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) results suggested that the phosphorus-containing radicals (·PO2) that had quenching effect existed in the gas phase. While the flame retardancy got improved, EP-P/Si also exhibited excellent mechanical properties, with an improvement of 31.8%, 6.2%, and 369.7% in tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength compared with EP, respectively.
Genital fashioning: Postfeminist discourse and mediating understandings of choice
Authors: James Alexandra
Published: March 2022

Female genital fashioning practices, a term encompassing a range of temporary and permanent options for cosmetic genital alteration, are becoming an increasingly prominent part of contemporary beauty regimes. Drawing on a series of 11 small focus groups and 10 interviews with 34 Australian women aged 18–30, this paper explores the ways that cisgender young women negotiate a combination of social pressures, pleasures and influences in their decisions to engage with genital fashioning. These pressures are described by women to emanate from broad social norms, sexual partners, family members, and peer groups. The women in this study demonstrate a nuanced and critical awareness of the cultural context which they inhabit but deploy postfeminist narratives of self-care and enjoyment to make sense of genital fashioning practices. The paper contributes to scholarship on postfeminism by demonstrating the ways that women creatively use the discursive tools available to enable critical reflection on notions of choice. At the same time, the findings in this study constitute an empirical contribution to critiques of postfeminism to reveal the limitations of postfeminist reasoning which ultimately works to curtail or impede the identification of structural problems and constraints.
Ulysses S. Grant: Chronic Malaria and the myth of his alcoholism
Authors: Belding Robert C.
Published: March 2022

Ulysses S. Grant, Civil War general and twice-elected President of the United States, was highly respected in late-19th century America. Gradually however, it became the conventional wisdom that he was an alcoholic who had only succeeded as a general by using overwhelming force. This change began with his political enemies and those who resented his suppression of the Ku Klux Klan, his regard for the welfare of Native Americans and his support of Reconstruction. Jealous subordinates and those with an axe to grind added their voices to this and then the views of certain influential academic historians and romantic adherents of 'The Lost Cause' were unchallenged until the mid-1950s. Grant was undoubtedly an occasional binge drinker but this is not the same as being an alcoholic. Charles A. Dana is the most authoritative source for the claim that Grant was a frank alcoholic. In 1887 he wrote that Grant was drunk on a trip to Satartia, Mississippi in 1863 during the siege of Vicksburg. In this paper, the author shows that Grant was actually ill on that trip from the disease of malaria, alcohol was not involved at all, and that Grant suffered episodically from this disease both before and during the Civil War.
Interval cancers in a population-based screening program for colorectal cancer with gender-specific cut-off levels for fecal immunochemical test
Authors: Ribbing Wilén Hanna , Saraste Deborah , Blom Johannes
Published: March 2022

Objective

To evaluate interval cancers (IC) in the population-based Swedish regional colorectal cancer (CRC) screening program of Stockholm-Gotland, which uses gender-specific cut-off levels for the fecal immunochemical test (FIT).

Methods

All individuals aged 60–69 in Stockholm-Gotland invited to the screening program in October 2015 to September 2017 were followed up 2 years after invitation. Cut-off level for a positive FIT was 40 µg/g in women and 80 µg/g in men. Those with a positive FIT were referred to colonoscopy. Screening-detected CRC (SD-CRC) and IC after negative FIT (FIT-IC) or negative screening colonoscopy (Colonoscopy-IC) were identified in the Swedish colorectal cancer register. The IC rate was calculated as IC/(FIT negatives + negative screening colonoscopies). The IC incidence rate (ICs among negatives per 100,000 person-years) in different sex and age groups was compared to the mean CRC incidence before regional screening implementation. Test sensitivity was defined as SD-CRC/(SD-CRC + FIT-IC).

Results

Approximately 214,400 individuals were invited, and in 3521 screening colonoscopies 257(6.3%) SD-CRCs were detected. During follow-up, 124 FIT-IC and 7 Colonoscopy-IC were diagnosed, yielding an IC rate of 12.6 and 6.0 per 10,000 negatives ( p = 0.00005) and a test sensitivity of 62% and 75% ( p = 0.01) in men and women respectively. The IC incidence rate compared to CRC incidence was non-significantly lower in women.

Conclusion

In the population-based screening program of Stockholm-Gotland with a cut-off of 40 µg/g in women and 80 µg/g in men, the test sensitivity was higher and the IC rate was lower in women, which might imply lowering the cut-off level in men. However, the IC incidence rate relative to the CRC incidence was similar in both genders.
Lessons for the Design of Comprehensive Primary Healthcare in India: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Lall Dorothy , Balachandra Swathi S , Prabhu Priya , Kumar Dharmendhar , Mokashi Tushar , Devadasan N
Published: March 2022

Health systems with strong comprehensive primary health care (CPHC) are known to result in better health outcomes for people. In India, there is a recent push to strengthen CPHC through Ayushman Bharat. This study aimed to document lessons from successful CPHC initiatives in rural and urban India using a qualitative case study approach. A total of 72 CPHC initiatives were identified through desk review and 12 of these were studied as cases. The following two main models of CPHC delivery were seen in India: (a) a hospital or health centre with outreach and (b) social franchising model, prevalent in rural and urban contexts, respectively. Themes identified were related to organisation of services, workforce, financing and challenges in practice. Services being comprehensive, dialoguing with the community, addressing social determinants were themes under organisation of services. There is need for more generalists and training health professionals towards CPHC. Financing of CPHC especially in the rural context remains a major challenge and cannot be sustained with user fees. Leadership, values, team-based care and organisational culture play a vital role in the delivery of good quality CPHC. These findings contribute to the literature on what works and why, which could be used to design CPHC in India.
Research on the Differences of Location Characteristics between Offline and Online Catering Spaces Under O2O E-Commerce
Authors: Su Qingmu , Xiong Yihan , Cui Teng , Xiao Jingjing
Published: March 2022

The development of O2O (online to offline) e-commerce and instant delivery has not only made it easy to access information, but also it has overcome the limitation of walking distance, promoting the transformation of traditional commercial space and making online catering a common form of food consumption. Studying the spatial distribution of urban catering industry under new technologies is helpful to understand the current development of the catering industry, which is of great significance for guiding the development of the catering industry. However, the trend and mechanism of changes need to be further studied. Based on the spatial distribution of urban catering industry, this study establishes a framework for analysing offline and online catering spaces. In this framework, big data are used to conduct GIS kernel density analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis to investigate the spatial distribution laws of the catering industry, and multinomial logistic regression analysis is applied to explore the main factors influencing location selection of offline and online catering spaces. The main results include the following: (a) the new pattern of catering space still follows the traditional location selection theory and (b) population density and road network density are the main factors affecting the catering space in Shenzhen.
Development of a Complex Intervention for Health Care Professionals’ Care of Patients With African Background and HIV Infection Using the Behavior Change Wheel Method
Authors: Dyrehave Charlotte , Nielsen Dorthe , Wejse Christian , Maindal Helle Terkildsen , Rodkjaer Lotte Oerneborg
Published: March 2022

Introduction. Insufficient cultural competences among health care professionals (HCPs) working with ethnic minorities may result in poorer quality of care. This study aimed to develop a cultural intervention for HCPs. Method. The intervention was designed using the Behavior Change Wheel. The development phase contained empirical studies of patients with HIV and African background, literature review, observations from a migrant health clinic, and transcultural care theory. Results. Systematic development will facilitate an intervention tailored to focus on nurses’ sensitivity and awareness, and aims to give them tools to identify narratives about patients’ life situation and self-management as well as provide effective, compassionate, and culturally competent care. Discussion. Higher cultural competence among nurses may improve their support of patients to manage their disease.
Preferences for Edible and Electronic Leisure Items: A Systematic Replication
Authors: Scheithauer Mindy , Martin Clarissa , Bottini Summer
Published: March 2022

Early studies evaluating the relative preference for leisure compared with edible items suggested that, for most participants (>80%), edible items are more preferred than leisure items. Recent studies suggest more variability in the percentage of participants with this preference. The rationale for this variability could be sampling, setting, availability of items outside of the study, or the items included. As a systematic replication, we conducted preference assessments of leisure, edible, and leisure/edible items combined of 13 children with developmental disabilities. As an inclusion criterion, all participants had an electronic item as the top-preferred leisure item. An edible item ranked first in the combined assessment for 46.2% of participants. This replicates recent findings while accounting for access to edibles outside of the study. These outcomes are important to guide use of preference assessments across reinforcer classes in clinical and school settings.
Memory, Place, and Mobility: Kinchela Boys Home Aboriginal Corporation’s Mobile Education Centre as a Site of Conscience
Authors:   Kinchela Boys Home Aboriginal Corporation, McComsey Tiffany , Porter Amanda
Published: March 2022

This “postcard” examines the development of Kinchela Boys Home Aboriginal Corporation’s (KBHAC) Mobile Education Centre as a mobile “site of conscience” as well as a place of Indigenous resistance and truth-telling in White Australia. KBHAC’s Mobile Education Centre is a whole of community experiential learning facility and aims to educate children, young people, and communities (Aboriginal and non-Indigenous) through three levels of engagement drawing on a range of resources: oral testimony, archival footage and artifacts, animated film, visual images, and interactive materials including an online portal. The Mobile Education Centre represents one example of decades of advocacy of survivors to raise awareness about Kinchela Boys Home and the experiences of Stolen Generations survivors. This postcard tells the story of KBHAC’s Mobile Education Centre and situates it within the context of ongoing efforts to reclaim the former Kinchela Boys Home site, located on Dunghutti Country, Mid-North Coast, New South Wales. In doing so, this article seeks to document the story of a mobile site of conscience which seeks to educate about past harms and the intergenerational impacts of genocidal laws and policies while creating a space for truth-telling that supports the process of post-traumatic growth and intergenerational healing.
Seismic behavior of steel space truss connections to reinforced concrete supporting columns
Authors: Cui Yao , Yang Xinyan , Liu Hongtao , Yamada Satoshi
Published: March 2022

Roof joint is a critical connection in space truss structures, which connects the upper steel space truss roofs and reinforced concrete structures. Because of its simple structural detailing and easy construction, a typical kind of roof joint is comprised of four embedded anchor rods, a mortar layer, a base plate, and stiffeners are popular in small- to medium-span space truss structures. Among them, base plates with slotted bolt holes are commonly used to release the deformation caused by temperature change or earthquake input. The roof joints were considered either as pinned or rigid connections in the design. In this paper, quasi-static tests investigating the influence of the applied axial force and the shape of bolt holes on the shear resistance and seismic behavior of roof joints were performed. The roof joints exhibited semi-rigid connection behavior and two types of initial resistance mechanisms, sliding and overturning, were observed. With the increase of applied axial force, the behavior of roof joint changes from sliding to overturning. Finally, effective methods to determine the initial resistance mechanism and calculate the ultimate shear strength of roof joints are proposed. These findings and analyses may provide guidelines for roof joint design practice for space truss structures.
Technological Efforts, Firm Ownership and Productivity: A Study of Information Technology Service Firms in India
Authors: Goswami Asmita , Narayanan K.
Published: March 2022

The article presents differences in firm-level total factor productivity in the information technology (IT) service firms in India over the period 2000–2016. It is an attempt to study whether technological efforts contribute to productivity differences in the firms in conjunction with several other firm specific characteristics. Controlling for endogeneity in inputs, the estimation of productivity through semi-parametric techniques indicates considerable heterogeneity in productivity across firm types. Technological efforts of firms have a significant impact on the productivity of IT firms. Both embodied technology imports and in-house R&D contribute to higher productivity. While the Indian firms are observed to be more productive compared to their foreign counterparts, the technological efforts also differ due to ownership factors and that contributes to changes in productivity.

JEL: D24, O14, O39
Development of scheme to evaluate the performance of parachute canopy fabrics under tensile impact
Authors: Behera Gyana R , Mukhopadhyay Arunangshu , Sikka Monica
Published: March 2022

The present research is an extension of the earlier work wherein a wider scheme of small-scale tensile impact testing is proposed, to characterise the whole parachute canopy instead of full-scale wind tunnel testing. The drop height for equivalent tensile impact on the rectangular stitched specimens is chosen as 300 mm, and accordingly, the dimension (Length × Width) has been decided (300 mm × 100 mm). To evaluate the performance of stitched specimen (at 45° bias angle), ungripped width of 20 mm on both sides of the specimen has been worked out. In the work, the actual payload responsible for parachute inflation has been addressed for the calculation of the exact opening shock force. Subsequently, to apply impact load on the specimen, dead weights are predicted based on the different levels of opening shock forces of the C-9 parachute canopy under different aerodynamic conditions. Considering a specific case, the behaviour of the ripstop and plain-woven fabric sample in terms of load versus extension curve and work done at the time of impact have been analysed under different loads using a high-speed digital camera. This study revealed that the plain-woven fabric is to be preferred for human dropping because it has a higher extension and higher impact duration than ripstop fabric. As a result, the plain-woven fabric will produce a lower impact or shock force in the parachute canopy which is to be transferred to the skydiver. On the other hand, ripstop fabric possesses higher strength, therefore can be preferred for materials dropping.
Angiosarcoma of a Femoropopliteal Bypass Thrombosed Vein Graft
Authors: Veterano Carlos , Teixeira Sérgio , Silva Ivone , Coelho Andreia , Almeida Rui , Pinto Pedro Sá
Published: March 2022

Background

Angiosarcoma is a rare subtype of malignant vascular tumours which has been only anecdotally described in patients submitted to lower limb revascularization.

Case presentation

This paper reports a patient previously submitted to a femoropopliteal bypass using autologous great saphenous vein (GSV). Nine years after the initial surgery, a primary angiosarcoma of the thrombosed vein graft was diagnosed, requiring en bloc surgical resection. Rampant metastatic spread was documented despite primary tumour surgical resection with a dismal outcome within months.

Conclusions

Malignant transformation of autologous vein for lower limb revascularization is extremely rare and anecdotally described in the literature. It is a poorly studied complication with an aggressive behaviour. This report further reinforces the need for early recognition of this pathology.
Improving Health through Action on Economic Stability: Results of the Finances First Randomized Controlled Trial of Financial Education and Coaching in Single Mothers of Low-Income
Authors: White Nicole , Packard Kathleen , Kalkowski Julie , Walters Ryan , Haddad Ann Ryan , Flecky Kathy , Rusch Lorraine , Furze Jennifer , Black Lisa , Peterson Julie
Published: March 2022

Objectives. Evaluate the health impact of a novel financial education and coaching program in single mothers of low-income in Omaha, Nebraska. Methods. Employed, single mothers earning no more than 200% of the 2017 Federal Poverty Level (n = 345) enrolled in the study between April 2017 and August 2020 and were randomized to receive a novel financial education and coaching program, the Financial Success Program (FSP) or no intervention control. Demographics, biometrics, financial strain, health behaviors and healthcare utilization were assessed at baseline and the 12-month study visits. Results. Participants who completed the FSP demonstrated significantly reduced financial strain, an increased rate of smoking cessation, and a reduction in avoidance of medical care due to cost compared to participants in the control group. Conclusions. The FSP represents an effective model in promoting economic stability in vulnerable individuals through a reduction in financial strain. Health behavior changes including an increased rate of smoking cessation were demonstrated within the first 12 months of intervention.
Ethical Dilemmas in Qualitative Research: A Critical Literature Review
Authors: Taquette Stella R. , Borges da Matta Souza Luciana Maria
Published: March 2022

The respect for ethical principles is required during the entire scientific research process, including the dissemination phase. Due to the dynamism of qualitative studies, there are often adverse ethical situations. The aim of this integrative review was to analyze and synthetize ethical dilemmas that occur during the progress of qualitative investigation and the strategies proposed to face them. The search for studies used LILACS and MEDLINE databases with descriptors “ research ethics” and “qualitative research”, originating 108 titles. Upon reading all titles, 42 articles were elected according to the inclusion criteria. The main conflicts were related to confidentiality breach, disregard of autonomy, potential damages, confusion about the roles of researcher/therapist/friend, and impasses in the Research Ethics Committees. Various types of conflicts may occur in a research. The solutions proposed are based on self-awareness, reflexivity, continuous consent, and ethical mindfulness.
Real-World Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: Reduced Burden, but Little Interest in Data Analysis
Authors: Huhn Friederike , Lange Karin , Jördening Mia , Ernst Gundula
Published: March 2022

Background:

Since 2016, German health insurance companies reimburse continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems for persons with insulin-dependent diabetes, leading to a tremendous increase of CGM use. This study assessed the use of CGM, the satisfaction with, and the data analysis behavior among young people.

Methods:

During a diabetes camp for young people from all over Germany, participants anonymously answered a questionnaire on their method of glucose monitoring, satisfaction and quality of CGM use, HbA1c, and diabetes distress (Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale [PAID]-5).

Results:

A total of 308 participants (age 21.4 ± 3.5 years; 73% female; diabetes duration 10.1 ± 5.9 years) completed the questionnaire. Approximately, 25% used self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), 46% intermittent-scanning continuous glucose monitoring (iscCGM), and 30% real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM). Mean HbA1c was slightly, but not significantly, higher among SMBG users compared with CGM users (8.0% ± 1.9% vs. 7.7% ± 1.4%; P = .791). Diabetes distress was not associated with the method of glucose monitoring (SMBG 5.6 vs. iscCGM 6.2 vs. rtCGM 6.5; P = .386). Overall, satisfaction with CGM use was very high; 98% of the CGM users reported better well-being with CGM compared with previous SMBG use. Only 19% of CGM users reported regular data analyses; their HbA1c was lower compared with other CGM users (7.2% ± 1.2% vs. 7.7% ± 1.4%; P = .039).

Conclusions:

In this large sample of young people, 75% were using a CGM system. Treatment satisfaction was very high, but CGM use was not associated with reduced diabetes distress or better glycemic control. However, young people who regularly analyzed their CGM data reported lower HbA1c levels.
UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS-based Metabolite Profiling of Ganpu Tea in Rat Urine and Feces
Authors: Zheng Yuying , Zeng Xuan , Guan Minyi , Xie Shiting , Peng Wei , Su Weiwei
Published: March 2022

Ganpu tea is a novel type of beverage produced from Pu-erh tea stuffed in the pericarp of Citrus reticulata “Chachi”. It has gained considerable popularity in China owing to its inviting flavor and health effects. However, the in vivo metabolites of Ganpu tea, which may contribute to its overall health effects, are still unclear. In the present work, rat urine and feces samples were collected after oral administration of Ganpu tea extract (GTE), and then subjected to ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)-based metabolite profiling. As a result, 27 prototype compounds and 41 metabolites derived from caffeic acid, gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, xanthine, catechin, polymethoxyflavone, (PMF) flavanone, and flavone were identified in rat urine and feces. Based on the detected metabolites, the ingested prototype compounds derived from Ganpu tea were found to undergo extensive phase II metabolism in rats, especially and sulfation. These results will be valuable for interpreting the health effects of Ganpu tea.
Endoscopic Endonasal Repair of the Orbital Medial Wall Fracture Utilising Nasal Septal Cartilage as the Reconstructive Material
Authors: Takaishi Shinya
Published: March 2022

Background

To repair orbital medial wall fractures, otorhinolaryngologists often use the silicone sheet technique by inserting an inverted U-shaped silicone sheet into the middle meatus after the removal of fractured bones, and packing gauze inside the silicone sheet for several days to fix the shape of the medial wall. However, this method does not sufficiently reduce the orbital content.

Objective

To describe the surgical procedure to repair medial wall fractures using nasal septal cartilage as the reconstructive material.

Methods

First, endoscopic septoplasty is performed. Although the correction of the septal deviation is performed to secure the operative field, the nasal septal cartilage, except the L-strut is resected simultaneously. After septoplasty, the fractured bones of the lamina papyracea are removed from the herniated orbital contents, and then the orbital contents can be reduced without resistance by pushing laterally. Subsequently, the cartilage is inserted beneath the fracture edges of the orbital medial wall with great care to avoid entrapping the orbital soft tissue and extraocular muscles.

Results

The cartilage can be placed appropriately along the medial wall of the orbit.

Conclusion

This technique enables to repair most cases of orbital medial wall fractures using the endoscopic endonasal approach alone without alloplastic implants.
Folate Receptor Expression by Human Monocyte–Derived Macrophage Subtypes and Effects of Corticosteroids
Authors: Warmink Kelly , Siebelt Michiel , Low Philip S. , Riemers Frank M. , Wang Bingbing , Plomp Saskia G. M. , Tryfonidou Marianna A. , van Weeren P. René , Weinans Harrie , Korthagen Nicoline M.
Published: March 2022

Objective

Folate receptor beta (FR-β) has been used as a clinical marker and target in multiple inflammatory diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the conditions under which FR-β+ macrophages arise remain unclear and could be affected by corticosteroids. Therefore, we studied FR-β expression in vitro in macrophage subtypes and determined their response to triamcinolone acetonide (TA), a clinically often-used corticosteroid.

Design

Human monocyte–derived macrophages were differentiated to the known M0, M1, or M2 macrophage phenotypes. The phenotype and FR-β expression and plasticity of the macrophage subtypes were determined using flow cytometry, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results

FR-β expression was low in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-generated (M1-like) macrophages and high in macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)-generated (M0 and M2-like) macrophages. FR-β expression remained high once the M0 or M2 macrophages were stimulated with pro-inflammatory stimuli (interferon-γ plus lipopolysaccharide) to induce M1-like macrophages. On the contrary, anti-inflammatory TA treatment skewed GM-CSF macrophage differentiation toward an M2 and FR-β+ phenotype.

Conclusions

As corticosteroids skewed monocytes toward an FR-β-expressing, anti-inflammatory phenotype, even in an M1 priming GM-CSF environment, FR-β has potential as a biomarker to monitor success of treatment with corticosteroids. Without corticosteroid treatment, M-CSF alone induces high FR-β expression which remains high under pro-inflammatory conditions. This explains why pro-inflammatory FR-β+ macrophages (exposed to M-CSF) are observed in arthritis patients and correlate with disease severity.
Residential homes for children in Ghana: Compliance with standards, quality of care, and case management
Authors: Petrowski Nicole , Cappa Claudia , Deliege Antoine , Khan Muhammad Rafiq
Published: March 2022

Accurate data on the extent to which residential homes for children in Ghana are in compliance with national standards for quality of care and case management are lacking. To begin to address this gap, a census of residential homes and an enumeration of the child population were undertaken in 2019, followed by a survey on a representative sample of children living in such homes. Data were gathered on the types and characteristics of all 139 residential homes operating in the country at the time and the demographic profiles and well-being of children living in such facilities. The purpose of this article is to provide information on the residential care facilities that operate in Ghana in terms of their licensing status, staffing, child safeguarding, and protection policies, as well as the safety and suitability of the premises. The article also describes the demographic profiles of the children who live in such facilities and provides an overview of the care they received and their well-being. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the findings within the national context and policies on children in residential care in order to demonstrate how results are being used to inform care reform efforts and systems strengthening in Ghana.
Transformational Impact of COVID-19 on Savings and Spending Patterns of Indian Rural Households
Authors: Gopal Suresh , Malliasamy Prakash
Published: March 2022

COVID-19 has spread across the globe at a shocking level and significantly affects the world economy. The pandemic has significantly impacted rural households, the primary workforce for industrialized urban areas, in every sector of rural businesses, including agriculture. Furthermore, the dearth of employment in the primary industry has also adversely influenced rural inhabitants’ livelihood and financial decisions. COVID-19 changed the perception of people regarding their income and expenditure. This study is intended to analyse the transformation of savings and spending of rural households during COVID-19. A questionnaire was developed using a Likert scale to elicit study variables, and the collected data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The results showed that all types of savings had a positive and significant relationship with the savings motive of rural households during COVID-19. Further, customary and spontaneous spending had a positive and significant relationship spending pattern of rural households. Rural inhabitants were interested in compromising their spending and other forms of savings to have more emergency savings. Earlier studies have examined either the savings or the spending pattern of rural households, and studies on both savings and spending by rural households are very few. The present study thus adds to the existing literature in the field.
The Role of Discrepancies Between Online Pornography Created Ideals and Actual Sexual Relationships in Heterosexual Men’s Sexual Satisfaction and Well-Being
Authors: Kuan Hio Tong , Senn Charlene Y. , Garcia Donna M.
Published: March 2022

Contemporary sexually explicit Internet materials (SEIM) are commonly unrealistic. Following from self-discrepancy theory, we proposed that discrepancies between ideal and actual sexual experiences depicted in SEIM (ideal-actual sexual discrepancy; IASD) may be important in understanding the association between SEIM consumption, sexual satisfaction, and general well-being for heterosexual men. Participants from a general online community ( n = 195) were assessed via an online survey. Path analysis showed that the relationships between SEIM consumption and outcomes were not homogenous across age cohorts. While SEIM consumption and IASD contributed to sexual dissatisfaction for men in their 20s, only IASD had a direct relationship for men in their 30s. Higher IASD accounted for lower sexual satisfaction for men across age cohorts, suggesting that IASD may be a more stable factor as compared to quantity of consumption alone for explaining the negative association between SEIM consumption, sexual satisfaction, and all measured aspects of well-being.
What Drives Working Habits for Sharing Knowledge in Virtual Teams? An Organizational Embeddedness Perspective
Authors: Chumg Hao-Fan , Shin Jia-Wen , Chiang Hsiu-Yen , Ho Man-ting
Published: March 2022

This study explores employees’ working habits regarding knowledge sharing using new malleable technologies within virtual teams in a Taiwanese society. The exploratory, qualitative data, gained from observations and extracted from 26 interviews, were analyzed using thematic analysis. It was found that employees used internal IS less but made more use of external IT in their everyday activities. It was also found that the structuration of internal IS inhibited their habits and IT practices on account of the problem of “over-embeddedness.” Group members, by contrast, more habitually used external IT to share information and experiences with others because of their strong relational and structural embeddedness in the external IT. In the structuration of knowledge-sharing practices, the appropriation of external IT may explain why users are engaged in such habitual behavior. To foster employees’ working behavioral habits regarding knowledge sharing in virtual teams, an institution can introduce job stability and organizational norms to reinforce structural embeddedness, while integrity-based trust and affective commitment, which underlie cultural homophily, are encouraged in group relationships to reinforce relational embeddedness (relative to Guanxi). This paper thus provides new pathways for group members to develop and sustain their habits in the use of external IT rather than internal IS.
Targeting Precision in Imperfect Targeted Advertising: Implications for the Regulation of Market Structure and Efficiency
Authors: Jiang Zhao , Wu Dan
Published: March 2022

With the rapid development of e-commerce and related information technologies, consumers’ individual information can be accurately collected and analyzed according to their previous purchase histories or browsing behaviors. Then the targeted advertising can be directly sent to the heterogeneous consumers in the segmented market by the firms. This study aims to explore the possible role of targeting precision on the market structure. This assay set up a game-theoretical model with duopolistic firms. Both firms compete in prices and imperfect targeted advertising. In this setup, the targeting precision is variable. The results indicate that each competitive firm’s equilibrium profit varies with the targeting accuracy of targeted advertising and shows a U-shape variation with precision. Moreover, both firms’ profits reveal monotonic properties, improving targeting precision while using distinct advertising strategies. Then, the model is extended into n different competitive firms to seek the possible market capacity. The results prove that the equilibrium free-entry numbers of firms also exhibit a U-shape variation as a function of targeting precision while sending the imperfect targeted advertising to the consumers. This conclusion implies that the firm conducting imperfect targeted advertising with a moderate targeting precision is beneficial for the most efficient free-entry of new rival competitive firms and shows the most effective efficiency for the whole market.
Five-Year Follow-up After Hip Arthroscopic Surgery in the Horsens-Aarhus Femoroacetabular Impingement (HAFAI) Cohort
Authors: Kierkegaard Signe , Mechlenburg Inger , Dalgas Ulrik , Lund Bent
Published: March 2022

Background:

Patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) are offered hip arthroscopic surgery to decrease hip pain, improve their function, and decrease development of hip osteoarthritis (OA). Nonetheless, long-term follow-up data are few.

Purpose:

To investigate patient-reported outcomes, clinical tests, reoperations, and radiographic status 5 years after primary hip arthroscopy in patients with FAIS.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A total of 60 patients (age, 36 ± 9 years; 63% female) diagnosed with FAIS were included in the study and followed for 5 years after hip arthroscopy. Follow-up included Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS); Hip Sports Activity Scale; and clinical tests (flexion, adduction, internal rotation [FADIR]; flexion, abduction, external rotation [FABER]; and psoas muscle/tendon major pain provocation). Radiographic evaluation included lateral joint-space width (LJSW) and Tönnis classification for hip OA. Reoperations and conversion to total hip replacement (THR) were recorded. We calculated the proportion of patients who exceeded the minimal important change (MIC), achieved the Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS), and were within the 95% reference interval of age- and sex-matched persons with no hip problems. Changes were investigated using paired t tests.

Results:

Compared with preoperatively, all HAGOS subscales were improved substantially 5 years after surgery (mean, ≥21 points; P < .001), and 67% to 89% of patients reported improvements exceeding MIC. Between 56% and 80% achieved PASS, but only 7% to 24% reached the 95% reference interval for the HAGOS subscales. A total of 36% had a positive FADIR test and 25% had a positive FABER test, which were improvements compared with preoperatively ( P < .001 for both). Patients with a positive FADIR test had significantly worse HAGOS subscales. Six patients (10%) had a THR since their primary hip arthroscopy. In the remaining patients, the mean LJSW was decreased (-0.4 mm; P = .043), and hip OA had worsened in 9 patients (23%; P = .003).

Conclusion:

Five years after surgery, the majority of patients experienced HAGOS improvements exceeding MIC while also showing an acceptable PASS. However, clinical tests, participation in physical activities, and quality of life indicated that many patients still experience hip problems.

Registration:

NCT04590924 ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes After Arthroscopic Inlay Bristow Surgery With Screw Versus Suture Button Fixation: A Comparative Study of 117 Patients With 3.3-Year Follow-up
Authors: Song Qingfa , Zhang Shuhan , Cheng Xu , Xiao Jian , Lin Lin , Liu Qiang , Shao Zhenxing , Cui Guoqing
Published: March 2022

Background:

Some studies have advocated the use of suture button fixation during Bristow-Latarjet surgery to reduce complications associated with screw fixation. However, data comparing these fixation methods are relatively incomplete.

Purpose:

To investigate the efficacy of modified arthroscopic Bristow-Latarjet surgery and compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes using screw versus suture button fixation.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

We evaluated 136 patients with traumatic anterior shoulder instability who underwent the modified arthroscopic Bristow-Latarjet surgery between June 2015 and February 2018. Of these patients, 117 who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled at a mean follow-up of 3.3 ± 0.7 years. Shoulders were separated into 2 groups based on fixation technique: screw fixation (group A; n = 63) or suture button fixation (group B; n = 54). Computed tomography imaging findings and clinical results were assessed preoperatively; immediately after operation; and postoperatively at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and final follow-up.

Results:

There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of postoperative clinical scores, the level of return to sports, range of motion, graft position, or reoperation rates. Bone healing was observed in 97.4% of the cases overall (114/117), with 98.4% bone union in group A and 96.3% in group B at final follow-up. Bone absorption was more common in group A (n = 30; 47.6%) compared with group B (n = 10; 18.5%) ( P = .003). There were no hardware-related complications in group B, compared with 7.9% of patients in group A ( P = .034). One patient in group B had a recurrent dislocation due to an unexpected event, and there were no recurrent dislocations in group A.

Conclusion:

After the modified arthroscopic Bristow-Latarjet procedure, both suture button and screw fixation methods demonstrated high bony healing rates and low risk of recurrence. Less coracoid graft resorption and no hardware-related complications were seen with suture button fixation.