bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Significance of Hedonic Values for Environmentally Relevant Attitudes, Preferences, and Actions
Authors: Steg Linda , Perlaviciute Goda , van der Werff Ellen , Lurvink Judith
Published: September 2012

This article aimed to demonstrate that hedonic values are important for understanding environmentally relevant beliefs, preferences, and actions, next to egoistic, altruistic, and biospheric values. In four studies, the authors found consistent support for their hypothesis that hedonic, egoistic, altruistic, and biospheric values can be distinguished empirically, suggesting that the distinction between the four types of values is not only theoretically meaningful but also recognized by individuals. Importantly, in line with the authors’ expectations, hedonic values appeared to be significantly and negatively related to a range of environmentally relevant attitudes, preferences, and behaviors, even when the other values were controlled for. This suggests that it is indeed important to include hedonic values in environmental studies and that interventions aimed to promote proenvironmental actions should consider hedonic consequences of actions, as these may be important barriers for behavior change.
Business partners and working the pumps: Human resource managers in the recession
Authors: Roche William K , Teague Paul
Published: September 2012

This article examines the work and roles of HR managers in the Irish recession. It tests the validity of three competing views about the future of HR: that the profession needs to become a business partner; that it is knee-deep in a legitimacy crisis; and that it is fragmenting by being unable to cope with the complexity of modern organizational life. Three key findings emerge from the research. First, HR managers have gained greater influence in business decision-making, but much of this influence arises from short-run retrenchment measures. Second, many HR managers remain committed to long established professional values and ideas of good practice. Third, modern HR managers are developing a professional identity that allows them to perform multiple, competing roles. These findings challenge existing arguments about the effects of the current recession. They also speak to ongoing debates about changing HR roles by showing how HR managers remain adept at making pragmatic adaptations to secure their role in organizational life.
A Person-Centered Approach to Multicultural Counseling Competence
Authors: Quinn Adam
Published: September 2012

This article examines current and historical trends in psychotherapy research and practice with racial/ethnic minority populations. Initially, research on Derald Sue’s multicultural counseling competencies is provided as a foundation to further examine the evidence regarding effective cultural adaptations to mainstream treatment approaches, such as cognitive-behavior therapy and interpersonal psychotherapy. Next, a brief outline of Carl Rogers’s psychotherapy research tradition is presented, with a focus on both past and present evidence suggesting that person-centered therapy may be effective across diagnoses, as well as cultures. Using psychotherapy evidence from both the latter half of the 20th century and the initial decades of the 21st century, cultural adaptations to previously hypothesized person-centered therapy mechanisms of change are proposed. In particular, this culturally adapted person-centered approach is suggested to provide a competent and effective treatment system for racial/ethnic minority clients and families.
Using Evidence for Teacher Education Program Improvement and Accountability
Authors: Plecki Margaret L. , Elfers Ana M. , Nakamura Yugo
Published: September 2012

In this article, the authors consider what can be learned from limited forms of evidence, for purposes of accountability and improvement of teacher education programs. They begin with a review of recent research on how evidence has been used to examine the effectiveness of teacher preparation and development. Using empirical evidence from a state with limited data capacity, they illustrate what can be learned from value-added measures as one form of evidence. As a case in point, the value-added scores for fifth-grade teachers are used to answer the question: To what extent are teachers’ years of experience and the institutions from which they obtained their teacher training related to student achievement? The authors conclude with a discussion of the use of evidence by shifting the focus of accountability from simply responding to external requirements to developing internal practices that generate knowledge for improvement, and argue for collective responsibility among multiple stakeholders.
Can Neds (or Chavs) Be Non-delinquent, Educated or Even Middle Class? Contrasting Empirical Findings with Cultural Stereotypes
Authors: Young Robert
Published: September 2012

Ned (non-educated delinquent) is the Scottish equivalent of the English term ‘Chav’. It refers stereotypically to low class, uneducated, raucous and antisocial youth and is linked to specific (sub)cultural markers, e.g. a preference for drinking the fortified wine ‘Buckfast’. Using a survey of over 3000 15-year-old school pupils from the West of Scotland, we investigated the association between adopting a Ned identity and socio-economic background, educational engagement, delinquency, peer-status and (sub)cultural markers. Some 15 per cent of pupils self-identified as a Ned. (Sub)cultural markers such as listening to hip-hop, peer-status, delinquency, educational disengagement and area deprivation were associated with adopting a Ned identity. This suggests greater evidence for agency or cultural influences than structural or socio-economic influences. Irrespective of socio-economic status a substantial minority of young people self-identify as ‘Neds’. Among explanations for this appeal are elevated peer-status, the attraction of non-conformity and the growth of ‘Chav pride’ within popular culture.
Exploring or Floundering? The Meaning of Employment and Educational Fluctuations in Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Krahn Harvey J. , Howard Andrea L. , Galambos Nancy L.
Published: September 2012

Youth today spend years moving in and out of different education and employment statuses until they settle into stable employment. This 14-year Canadian longitudinal study reveals how month-to-month fluctuations in employment and educational statuses from age 19 to 25 predict employment success at age 32. Early employment instability was linked to lower income at age 32 and, among men, to lower occupational status and career satisfaction. However, for those who had made at least one career change, employment fluctuation had a positive effect on income and career satisfaction. Greater fluctuation in educational status was associated with higher occupational status at age 32. In general, labor market instability in the early 20smight best be described as floundering, while educational status changes more often reflect exploring.
Social Biases of Destination Perceptions
Authors: Chen Chun-Chu , Lin Yueh-Hsiu , Petrick James F.
Published: September 2012

This research examines how destination perceptions are socially constructed in the context of international tourism. Building on social identity theory, this research proposes that the process of international stereotyping might be triggered when two countries have conflicts, resulting in the formation of negatively biased country and destination images. The results show that individuals who have higher identification with their own country (guest country) might possess poorer evaluations of the host country. The results further indicate that biased perceptions are fairly solid in that they might not be dispelled after actual visitation. The results of this research provide evidence that destination image might be a collective construction and that biased destination perceptions might be determinant factors influencing destination choice decisions.
Sociology, Teaching, and Reflective Practice
Authors: Purcell David
Published: September 2012

The scholarly literature on teaching sociology contains relatively little about improving courses from one semester to the next. In this article, I describe a method for continual teaching improvement that is based on writing, the well-established practice of teacher reflection, and classical sociological principles. This method was developed through the analysis of nine semesters of autoethnographic data that I collected in the form of daily reflective notes. The benefits of this sociologically informed reflective practice include grounding evaluations of individual class periods and entire courses in empirical data, becoming more efficient with course preparation, providing one with a stronger sense of mastery as a teacher, and developing as a sociologist by using the classroom as a key site for engaging in praxis. This practice can help teachers refine individual courses, improve as an instructor in an overall sense and more deeply connect sociology to the scholarship of teaching and learning.
Gender-Responsive Lessons Learned and Policy Implications for Women in Prison
Authors: Wright Emily M. , Van Voorhis Patricia , Salisbury Emily J. , Bauman Ashley
Published: September 2012

The authors review evidence of gender-responsive factors for women in prisons. Some gender-responsive needs function as risk factors in prison settings and contribute to women’s maladjustment to prison; guided by these findings, the authors outline ways in which prison management, staff members, and programming can better serve female prisoners by being more gender informed. The authors suggest that prisons provide treatment and programming services aimed at reducing women’s criminogenic need factors, use gendered assessments to place women into appropriate interventions and to appropriately plan for women’s successful reentry into the community, and train staff members to be gender responsive.
Dynamic Factors of Sexual Aggression
Authors: Carvalho Joana , Nobre Pedro
Published: September 2012

Deficits in affective and behavioral regulation have been related to several forms of criminal behavior. The aim of the present study was to evaluate how the structure of affect (positive vs. negative affect) and impulsiveness (motor/planning vs. cognitive impulsiveness) characterize specific forms of sexual violence. In all, 32 men convicted of rape, 31 men convicted of child sexual abuse (Study 1), and 37 male college students reporting sexual violence against women (Study 2) were assessed according to the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). Results (Study 1) indicated that negative affect and motor/planning impulsiveness characterized individuals convicted of rape with regard to the control group, whereas child sexual molesters presented significantly lower positive affect than controls. On the other hand, college students reporting sexual violence against women (Study 2) presented higher motor/planning and cognitive impulsiveness than the control peers but did not differ from peers in relation to affect. Data suggest that the three forms of sexual violence (rape, child sexual abuse, and sexual coercion among college students) may be related to different etiological pathways.
Clientelistic Stability and Institutional Fragility
Authors: Sánchez Ana Belén Benito , Lozano Wilfredo
Published: September 2012

Since 1978, with the disappearance of the historical caudillos (Joaquín Balaguer, Juan Bosch, and José Francisco Peña Gómez), institutional fragility and electoral power have been the keys to the survival of the political party system in the Dominican Republic. The current parties are more stable but not more institutionalized. The authoritarianism that characterized the Dominican political system from the 1960s until the end of the twentieth century relied for its stability not just on power and repression but on political control through clientelism and prebendalism. These mechanisms served not only as an instrument of social control but also as a strong basis for legitimacy.

Desde 1978, tras la desaparición de los caudillos históricos (Joaquín Balaguer, Juan Bosch y José Francisco Peña Gómez), la fragilidad institucional y la fuerza electoral han sido las claves de la supervivencia del sistema de partidos en República Dominicana. Los partidos son hoy más estables pero no más institucionalizados. El autoritarismo que ha caracterizado al sistema político dominicano desde los años sesenta hasta finales del siglo XX no se ha apoyado únicamente en la apelación a la fuerza y a la represión; la clave de la estabilidad ha sido el control político a través del clientelismo y la movilización prebendalista. Este mecanismo, no solo es un arma de control social, sino que asegura bases firmes de legitimidad.
An optimal distributed control problem of the viscous generalized Camassa–Holm equation
Authors: Sun Bing
Published: September 2012

In this work, an optimal distributed control problem of the viscous generalized Camassa–Holm equation is considered. By the Dubovitskii and Milyutin functional analytical approach, we prove the Pontryagin maximum principle of the investigational system. The necessary condition for optimality is established for the controlled object in the fixed final horizon case and, subsequently, a remark on how to apply the obtained results is made as an illustration.
Moving Considerations
Authors: Zhang Yiduo , Engelman Michal , Agree Emily M.
Published: September 2012

Residential proximity is an important indicator of family members’ availability to provide assistance to each other. We investigate proximity-enhancing moves by older parents and their children and the reasons for such moves. Using the 2000–2004 waves of the Health and Retirement Study, we fit multinomial logit models examining 2-year residential transitions for parents and children living 10 or more miles apart at baseline. Our results show that family members collectively adjust intergenerational proximity to facilitate mutual support. Despite the common assumption that older parents move closer to their children to receive assistance, more than two thirds of all proximity-enhancing moves are made by adult children. While greater anticipated longevity raises the probability that older parents will move closer to their children, parents’ anticipated longevity does not influence children’s moving decisions. Including individual variability in anticipated longevity in the life course framework helps account for relocation that precedes declines in health or increases in the need for support.
The Male Gaze and Online Sports Punditry
Authors: Merrill Kenneth , Bryant Aidan , Dolan Emily , Chang Siying
Published: September 2012

On September 11, 2010, Ines Sainz, a sports reporter for Mexican television network TV Azteca, was allegedly harassed by members of the New York Jets football team. Controversy erupted around the role of women in sports broadcasting and the myriad attendant dimensions involved, including issues of credibility, dominant beauty ideals, and the male gaze, among others. This study assesses how sports blogs covered the controversy, using a combination of in-depth interviewing and textual analysis of four popular sports blogs. The analysis revealed that the blogs constructed an atmosphere that exposed attitudes of objectification, Sainz’s perceived lack of credibility, and the sexual economy of sports blogs.
i9 and the Transformation of Youth Sport
Authors: Anderson Eric
Published: September 2012

In this article I present an analysis of how traditionally run competitive, organized team sports reproduce multiple socionegative effects for youth who play them. After explicating how the structure and culture of traditionally run competitive team sports operates in western cultures, I explain that cultural resistance toward changing sport is beginning to wane. I analyze a consumer-oriented neoliberal approach to transforming these negative outcomes of youth sport through the creation of a new sporting organization, i9 sports. I draw on this example to conclude that structural and cultural changes to youth sport are increasingly viable for at least middle and upper class parents who are critical of traditional sport options and to initiate a conversation about consumer-led social change initiatives in youth sport.
Catalysing open innovation through publicly-funded R&D: A comparison of university and company-based research centres
Authors: Roper Stephen , Hewitt-Dundas Nola
Published: September 2012

Public funding of university and company-based R&D centres of excellence is widespread both in core and more peripheral regions. What is less well-known is whether these R&D centres can catalyse multi-directional, multi-actor and iterative innovation. Based on data from a real-time monitoring study, this article explores the development of 18 R&D centres’ external connections. University-based R&D centres establish more new connections than company-based centres and are more likely to be interacting with small or micro-firms. However, there is a general bias towards links with larger firms; micro, small and medium-sized enterprises also are less likely to be involved in collaborative R&D with research centres than other types of relationships. The results suggest the potential for R&D centres to act as a catalyst for open innovation but emphasise the need to ensure that the focus of the R&D being conducted is relevant to the needs of smaller firms.
Improving the Accuracy and Comparability of Model-Based Economic Evaluations of Health Technologies for Reimbursement Decisions
Authors: Afzali Hossein Haji Ali , Karnon Jonathan , Merlin Tracy
Published: September 2012

Increasingly, decision analytic models are used within economic evaluations of health technologies (e.g., pharmaceuticals) submitted to national reimbursement bodies in countries like Australia and UK, where such models play a fundamental role in informing public funding decisions. Concerns regarding the accuracy of model outputs and hence the credibility of national reimbursement decisions are frequently raised. We propose a framework for developing reference models for specific diseases to inform economic evaluations of health technologies and their appraisal. The structure of a reference model reflects the natural history of the condition under study and defines the clinical events to be represented, the relationships between the events, and the effect of patient characteristics on the probability and timing of events. We contend that the use of reference models will improve the accuracy and comparability of public funding decisions. This can lead to the more efficient allocation of public funds.
Estimation, planning, and mapping for autonomous flight using an RGB-D camera in GPS-denied environments
Authors: Bachrach Abraham , Prentice Samuel , He Ruijie , Henry Peter , Huang Albert S , Krainin Michael , Maturana Daniel , Fox Dieter , Roy Nicholas
Published: September 2012

RGB-D cameras provide both color images and per-pixel depth estimates. The richness of this data and the recent development of low-cost sensors have combined to present an attractive opportunity for mobile robotics research. In this paper, we describe a system for visual odometry and mapping using an RGB-D camera, and its application to autonomous flight. By leveraging results from recent state-of-the-art algorithms and hardware, our system enables 3D flight in cluttered environments using only onboard sensor data. All computation and sensing required for local position control are performed onboard the vehicle, reducing the dependence on an unreliable wireless link to a ground station. However, even with accurate 3D sensing and position estimation, some parts of the environment have more perceptual structure than others, leading to state estimates that vary in accuracy across the environment. If the vehicle plans a path without regard to how well it can localize itself along that path, it runs the risk of becoming lost or worse. We show how the belief roadmap algorithm prentice2009belief, a belief space extension of the probabilistic roadmap algorithm, can be used to plan vehicle trajectories that incorporate the sensing model of the RGB-D camera. We evaluate the effectiveness of our system for controlling a quadrotor micro air vehicle, demonstrate its use for constructing detailed 3D maps of an indoor environment, and discuss its limitations.
Learning and exploiting low-dimensional structure for efficient holonomic motion planning in high-dimensional spaces
Authors: Vernaza Paul , Lee Daniel D
Published: September 2012

We present a class of methods for optimal holonomic planning in high-dimensional spaces that automatically learns and leverages low-dimensional structure to efficiently find high-quality solutions. These methods are founded on the principle that problems possessing such structure are inherently simple to solve. This is demonstrated by presenting algorithms to solve these problems in time that scales with the dimension of a salient subspace, as opposed to the scaling with configuration-space dimension that would result from a naive approach. For generic problems possessing only approximate low-dimensional structure, we give iterative algorithms that are guaranteed convergence to local optima while making non-local path adjustments to escape poor local minima. We detail the theoretical underpinnings of these methods as well as give simulation and experimental results demonstrating the ability of our approach to efficiently find solutions of a quality exceeding that of known methods, and in problems of high dimensionality.
Light and Electron Microscopic Analysis of Consecutive Renal Biopsy Specimens From Leishmania-Seropositive Dogs
Authors: Aresu L. , Benali S. , Ferro S. , Vittone V. , Gallo E. , Brovida C. , Castagnaro M.
Published: September 2012

Canine visceral leishmaniasis frequently causes renal damage that leads to chronic kidney disease. Fifteen dogs seropositive for Leishmania were selected and biopsied before (T0) and 60 days later after (T1) treatment with a specific anti- Leishmania pharmacological agent. Various parameters were selected for evaluating the glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage. At T0, mesangioproliferative and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis were observed in 6 dogs, chronic glomerulosclerosis in 5, and end-stage kidney in 3; renal tissue from 1 dog was within normal histologic limits. The most frequently observed ultrastructural changes were foot-process effacement, thickening of the basement membranes, and immune deposits. One dog had mesangial immune deposits at T1 that had not been present at T0, so the diagnosis was changed to mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. In dogs with end-stage kidney, the number of obsolescent glomeruli and cystic atrophied glomeruli was increased at T1. However, progression of the glomerular lesions was minimal in most dogs. Worsening of tubulointerstitial scores was evident in the dogs with the most severe lesions at the first biopsy. Progression of the tubulointerstitial damage was minimal in the mildly affected dogs, and the interstitial inflammation was abated. In conclusion, renal lesions can progress over a 60-day period in canine leishmaniasis. A longer period between the renal biopsies would be necessary to demonstrate more severe changes. In addition a specific anti- Leishmania treatment could have a significant effect in the early stages of the disease.
Gastric Lesions in Free-Ranging Black Caimans (Melanosuchus niger) Associated With Brevimulticaecum Species
Authors: Cardoso A. M. C. , de Souza A. J. S. , Menezes R. C. , Pereira W. L. A. , Tortelly R.
Published: September 2012

The stomachs of 100 free-ranging black caimans ( Melanosuchus niger Spix, 1825) from the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve, Amazonas state, Brazil, were examined for parasitism and pathologic lesions. All animals were harvested for human consumption. Ascaridoid nematodes were found in 67 caimans and were identified as Brevimulticaecumsp. These parasites were associated with focally extensive, chronic gastric ulcers and formation of localized intramural granulomas containing nematodes. All caiman were in good nutritional condition, which suggests that effects of gastric nematodiasis on the crocodilian hosts were minimal at the time of slaughter.
Moved through music: The effect of experienced emotions on performers’ movement characteristics
Authors: Van Zijl Anemone G. W. , Luck Geoff
Published: September 2012

Do performers who feel sad move differently compared to those who express sadness? Although performers’ expressive movements have been widely studied, little is known about how performers’ experienced emotions affect such movements. To investigate this, we made 72 motion-capture recordings of eight violinists playing a melodic phrase in response to three different instructions. The first instruction was to focus on the technical aspects of playing. The second instruction was to give an expressive performance. Before the third instruction, performers were subjected to a mood induction task. Following this, performers played while focusing on their experienced emotions. After each playing condition, performers were interviewed about their thoughts and feelings. Analyses of the amount, speed, acceleration, and smoothness of movement revealed a different pattern of movement characteristics for each performance condition. In the expressive condition, the amount, speed, acceleration, and jerk of movement were highest. In the emotional condition, performers moved less, slower, and more smoothly. The findings of this exploratory study provide concrete evidence that performers’ experienced emotions affect the movement characteristics of their performance.
Thanks, But No Thanks
Authors: Wakefield Juliet R. H. , Hopkins Nick , Greenwood Ronni M.
Published: September 2012

The stereotype that women are dependent on men is a commonly verbalized, potentially damaging aspect of benevolent sexism. We investigated how women may use behavioral disconfirmation of the personal applicability of the stereotype to negotiate such sexism. In an experiment ( N = 86), we manipulated female college students’ awareness that women may be stereotyped by men as dependent. We then placed participants in a situation where they needed help. Women made aware of the dependency stereotype (compared to controls who were not) were less willing to seek help. They also displayed a stronger negative correlation between help-seeking and post help-seeking affect—such that the more help they sought, the worse they felt. We discuss the relevance of these findings for research concerning women’s help-seeking and their management of sexist stereotyping in everyday interaction. We also consider the implications of our results for those working in domains such as health care, teaching, and counseling, where interaction with individuals in need and requiring help is common.
Validation of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Subscales for Patients With Articular Cartilage Lesions of the Knee
Authors: Engelhart Luella , Nelson Lauren , Lewis Sandy , Mordin Margaret , Demuro-Mercon Carla , Uddin Sharif , McLeod Lori , Cole Brian , Farr Jack
Published: September 2012

Background:

The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) assesses acute and chronic knee injuries or early-onset osteoarthritis in young, active patients. The United States Food and Drug Administration guidelines recommend that patient-reported outcome instruments used to support clinical trial label claims should demonstrate content validity using patient input and have acceptable psychometric properties in the target population. To use the KOOS subscales in safety and efficacy trials assessing new treatments for patients with articular cartilage lesions, additional validation work, using input from patients with articular cartilage lesions, was necessary.

Purpose:

Qualitative and quantitative evaluations of the KOOS subscales’ validity among patients with articular cartilage lesions were conducted to support their use as clinically meaningful end points in clinical trials.

Study Design:

Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

For qualitative analysis, cognitive interviews involving concept elicitation and cognitive debriefing with the KOOS items were conducted with 15 participants aged 25 to 52 years. Participants either were candidates for cartilage repair or had undergone cartilage repair 6 months or more before the study. For the quantitative analysis, a psychometric evaluation of the KOOS was conducted with clinical trial data from 54 patients, aged 18 to 55 years, evaluating the Cartilage Autograft Implantation System in the United States (n = 29) and the European Union (n = 25). Data were collected before surgery and at 7 postsurgical visits up to 12 months. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability, construct validity, responsiveness, and estimates of the minimal detectable change (MDC) were assessed. Test-retest reliability was assessed using data from months 2 and 3 on a subset of stable patients.

Results:

Qualitative research confirmed that concepts measured on the KOOS are important to patients with articular cartilage lesions. Most participants reported the KOOS was comprehensive and appropriate. In the quantitative research, KOOS subscales showed excellent internal consistency reliability (range, .74-.97 at baseline) and test-retest reliability (range, .78-.82). Construct validity results supported hypothesized relationships, with significant correlations ( r ≥ .50) in the expected directions. Responsiveness analyses demonstrated excellent sensitivity to change; standardized response means ranged from 0.8 to 1.2, and MDC estimates ranged from 7.4 to 12.1.

Conclusion:

The study results support the use of the KOOS subscales among patients with articular cartilage lesions.
Reliability of Tunnel Measurements and the Quadrant Method Using Fluoroscopic Radiographs After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Sullivan Jaron P. , Matava Matthew J. , Flanigan David C. , Gao Yubo , Britton Carla L. , Amendola Annunziato ,   MOON Group, Wolf Brian R. , Spindler Kurt S. , Dunn Warren R. , Carey James L. , Cox Charles L. , Andrish Jack T. , Parker Richard D. , Jones Morgan H. , Marx Robert G. , McCarty Eric C. , Vidal Armando F. , Wolcott Michelle , Wright Rick W. , Brophy Robert H. , Smith Matthew V. , Kaeding Christopher C.
Published: September 2012

Background:

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction tunnel placement is often evaluated by radiographs. This study examines the interobserver reliability of various radiographic measurements of ACL tunnels.

Hypothesis:

When ideal radiographic views are obtained, the interobserver reliability of the measurements among experienced surgeons would be good to excellent.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Tunnels for single-bundle ACL reconstruction were drilled and filled with metal interference screws or a tibial reamer on 73 cadaveric knees. Ideal fluoroscopic radiographs were obtained. Three independent reviewers performed 18 measurements including a modification of the grid method. For the grid method analysis, reviewers fit a 16 × 12 grid to the lateral knee radiograph, and the center of the femoral tunnel was marked. Interobserver reliability of the measurements was performed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). A precision grouping analysis was performed for the grid measurements to calculate the mean radius and standard deviation grouping distances.

Results:

The ICCs were excellent (>.75) for the tibial tunnel angles and tunnel measurements, the clock face measurement, and the Aglietti et al and Jonsson et al measurements. The ICCs were good (.4-.75) for an estimation of graft impingement, Harner et al measurements, and notch height. The mean radius for grid measurements was 0.6 ± 0.4 units (range, 0-2.36 units), with each unit being 1 box in the 16 × 12 grid. When a circle was constructed with a 1.3-unit radius, 95% of the 3 surgeons’ measurements would be included in the area of that circle.

Conclusion:

Reliability of ACL tunnel measurements was good to excellent under ideal circumstances for the majority of measurements. The modified grid method demonstrated very acceptable reliability.

Clinical Relevance:

Measurements with good to excellent reliability can be used to evaluate ACL tunnel placement when ideal radiographic views are obtained.
Clinical and Second-Look Arthroscopic Study Comparing 2 Tibial Landmarks for Tunnel Insertions During Double-Bundle ACL Reconstruction With a Minimum 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Ohsawa Takashi , Kimura Masashi , Hagiwara Keiichi , Yorifuji Hiroshi , Takagishi Kenji
Published: September 2012

Background:

Few studies have reported the clinical results of tibial tunnel placement during double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. It is important to recognize arthroscopic tibial landmarks during this procedure.

Hypothesis:

During arthroscopic double-bundle ACL reconstruction, anterior tibial landmarks such as the intermeniscal (transverse) ligament and the Parsons knob for the anteromedial (AM) tunnel provide better knee stability and clinical outcomes than do posterior tibial landmarks such as the fovea anterior to the tibial intertubercle ridge for the posterolateral (PL) tunnel.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 121 patients underwent primary unilateral double-bundle ACL reconstructions using autogenous medial hamstring tendons. Fifty-nine patients from December 2008 through July 2009 underwent reconstructions using posterior tibial landmarks (PL group), and 62 patients from August 2009 through February 2010 underwent reconstructions using anterior tibial landmarks (AM group). Forty-seven patients (follow-up rate, 79.7%) in the PL group and 52 patients (follow-up rate, 83.9%) in the AM group underwent second-look arthroscopy and clinical evaluations under anesthesia at 1 year postoperatively and 3-dimensional computed tomography (3-D CT) evaluations at 3 weeks postoperatively.

Results:

Lachman test results indicated no significant differences, and pivot-shift test results were significantly lower in the AM group ( P = .007). Mean side-to-side differences using the Telos device at 130 N were significantly lower in the AM group (1.4 ± 1.6 mm) compared with the PL group (2.4 ± 2.5 mm) ( P = .012). Results for lack of extension were not significantly different, while those for lack of flexion were significantly better in the AM group than in the PL group ( P = .036). No significant differences were observed in the Lysholm scores between the groups. In measurements of the tibial tunnel position by 3-D CT, with regard to anteroposterior depth, the AM bundle of the PL group was 41.6% ± 7.4% and the AM group was 29.1% ± 5.3% ( P < .001), and the PL bundle of the PL group was 55.6% ± 7.7% and the AM group was 46.4% ± 5.8% ( P < .001). No significant differences were found in mediolateral width. In second-look arthroscopy, there were significant differences with respect to the synovial cover with regard to the AM bundle ( P = .024).

Conclusion:

Patients in the AM group showed better knee stability and range of motion than those in the PL group. Transverse ligaments and Parsons knobs proved to be useful landmarks during ACL reconstruction.
Theory Construction in Qualitative Research
Authors: Timmermans Stefan , Tavory Iddo
Published: September 2012

A critical pathway for conceptual innovation in the social is the construction of theoretical ideas based on empirical data. Grounded theory has become a leading approach promising the construction of novel theories. Yet grounded theory–based theoretical innovation has been scarce in part because of its commitment to let theories emerge inductively rather than imposing analytic frameworks a priori. We note, along with a long philosophical tradition, that induction does not logically lead to novel theoretical insights. Drawing from the theory of inference, meaning, and action of pragmatist philosopher Charles S. Peirce, we argue that abduction, rather than induction, should be the guiding principle of empirically based theory construction. Abduction refers to a creative inferential process aimed at producing new hypotheses and theories based on surprising research evidence. We propose that abductive analysis arises from actors’ social and intellectual positions but can be further aided by careful methodological data analysis. We outline how formal methodological steps enrich abductive analysis through the processes of revisiting, defamiliarization, and alternative casing.
Unusual Case of Phenylketonuria With Atypical Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings
Authors: Medici Conrado , Varacchi Claudio , Gonzalez Gabriel , Lemes Aida , Cerisola Alfredo , Pedemonte Virginia , Blau Nenad
Published: September 2012

Phenylketonuria is a treatable inborn error of amino acid metabolism caused by deficiency of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, responsible for converting phenylalanine to tyrosine. We report a 10-month-old boy with psychomotor regression and infantile spasms. He was diagnosed with classic phenylketonuria and West syndrome. Treatment was initiated with phenylalanine-restricted diet and vigabatrin. After 5 months of treatment, he persists with developmental delay, severe hypotonia, swallowing disorder, and drug-resistant epilepsy. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed the typical abnormalities in supratentorial white matter and exceptional infratentorial and basal ganglia compromise. Severity of white matter abnormalities and neurologic symptoms correlates with blood levels of phenylalanine. Infratentorial changes occur in severe cases. Other mechanisms could take part in cases like this with atypical neuroimaging abnormalities of the basal ganglia.
Novel Mutations in FA2H-Associated Neurodegeneration
Authors: Rupps Rosemarie , Hukin Juliette , Balicki Martha , Mercimek-Mahmutoglu Saadet , Rolfs Arndt , Dias Cristina
Published: September 2012

Hereditary spastic paraplegias and related genetically heterogeneous disorders may be difficult to distinguish clinically. The FA2H gene has been associated with autosomal recessive neurodegenerative phenotypes encompassing spastic paraplegia with or without dystonia, and demyelinating leukodystrophy. To date, few individuals with mutations in the FA2H gene have been described. We report a 5-year-old girl of mixed Filipino and Vietnamese origin who presented with progressive lower limb spasticity and periventricular leukomalacia. The clinical diagnosis of FA2H-associated neurodegeneration was confirmed on the basis of 2 novel mutations in compound heterozygosity in the FA2H gene (p.S70L/p.P323L). This family highlights that FA2H-associated disorders may be underrecognized in children with neurodegeneration of many different ethnicities. Magnetic resonance imaging features play an important role as diagnostic clues in this and other hereditary spastic paraplegias. The consideration of this diagnosis is essential in providing families with important information on prognosis, as well as accurate genetic counseling.
Social Distance and Immediate Informal Responses to Violent Victimization
Authors: Jacques Scott , Rennison Callie Marie
Published: September 2012

There are a number of ways that victims of violence informally handle attacks as they unfold. Their responses range in severity from physical resistance, to talking it out with the offender, to running away, to cooperating. Why do victims respond in a more or less severe manner? Cooney (2009) suggests that social distance is part of the answer: the further the relational or cultural distance between offender and victim, the more severe the latter’s response. Using National Crime Victimization Survey data, we test hypotheses derived from this theory and find oppositional findings. Specifically, results indicate that closer social distance predicts more severe responses. We conclude by discussing the implications of this finding for future work, especially as relates to the study of self-protective behavior.
Is There a Research–Practice Gap in Compensation Management?
Authors: Giancola Frank L.
Published: September 2012

According to certain thought leaders, the research–practice gap in compensation management is an important issue, but our ability to understand and make final judgments about it is hindered because important pieces of information are missing. Studies are lacking that show whether compensation professionals are out of touch with research findings, the practical value practitioners place on academic research and the reasons why academics have shown little interest in conducting research in compensation management. This article explains why it is difficult to assess the gap’s seriousness in the current state of knowledge.
Ultrasound Imaging of Infant Sucking Dynamics during the Establishment of Lactation
Authors: Sakalidis Vanessa S. , Williams Tracey M. , Garbin Catherine P. , Hepworth Anna R. , Hartmann Peter E. , Paech Michael J. , Geddes Donna T.
Published: September 2012

Background:

Infant sucking problems are frequently implicated in early weaning during breastfeeding, yet our understanding of early sucking dynamics is limited.

Objective:

This study aimed to describe infant sucking patterns during breastfeeding at secretory activation and determine whether they changed by the time of established lactation.

Methods:

Sucking patterns and milk intake of 15 breastfeeding infants were assessed on day 3.2 ± 0.8 and later at follow-up, 16.0 (11.3-22.8) days postpartum. Nipple diameters, tongue movement, nipple position, and suck rate during nutritive sucking (NS) and non-nutritive sucking (NNS) were measured from ultrasound scans of the intra-oral cavity during breastfeeding. Milk intake and LATCH scores were also recorded.

Results:

As the tongue lowered during a suck cycle, the nipple increased in size ( P < .001), milk flowed into the intra-oral space and the nipple moved closer to the hard-soft palate junction ( P < .001). During NS, nipple diameters and the mid-tongue movement were greater than during NNS ( P < .001). As the infant aged, the mid-tongue lowered further ( P = .002), suck rates became faster ( P < .001) and milk intake increased ( P = .004), however, no differences were seen for LATCH scores ( P = .34).

Conclusion:

Differences in tongue movement between NS and NNS suggest that there is an altered sucking action when milk flow is absent. Similar sucking patterns at day 3 and during established lactation imply that infants have a mature sucking pattern in the early postpartum period.
Historical Network Analysis of the Web
Authors: Brügger Niels
Published: September 2012

This article discusses some of the fundamental methodological challenges related to doing historical network analyses of the web based on material in web archives. Since the late 1990s many countries have established extensive national web archives, and software supported network analysis of the online web has for a number of years gained currency within Internet studies. However, the combination of these two phenomena—historical network analysis of material in web archives—can at best be characterized as an emerging new area of study. Most of the methodological challenges within this new area revolve around the specific nature of archived web material. On the basis of an introduction to the processes involved in web archiving as well as of the characteristics of archived web material, the article outlines and scrutinizes some of the major challenges which may arise when doing network analysis in web archives, among others such issues as completeness, construction of a corpus, temporal and spatial inconsistencies, and cross-archive analyses. The article uses an ongoing case study to feed the methodological discussion, namely the political network on the web which was available to a voter at the Danish parliamentary elections in 2011, 2007, and 2001. As the Internet grows older historical studies of networks on the web will probably become more widespread and therefore it may be about time to begin debating the methodological challenges within this emerging field.
Generosity the Second Time Around
Authors: Beldad Ardion , Snip Babiche , van Hoof Joris
Published: September 2012

Studies into the factors influencing first-time monetary donation intention abound. However, the determinants of repeat donation intention have not yet received significant attention within the academic community. For this study, a survey was implemented with residents of two cities in the eastern part of the Netherlands to determine the factors influencing their repeat donation intention. The study shows that respondents’ intention to continue donating to a charitable organization is predicated on their positive experience with that organization. Furthermore, this repeat donation is also influenced by respondents’ affinity with the cause of the charitable organization, their trust in the organization, and the organization’s positive reputation. The perceived risk of donating negatively influences repeat donation intention. It is surprising, however, that a sense of moral obligation to help others does not impact respondents’ intention to continue donating.
How Nonprofit Leaders Evaluate Funding Sources
Authors: Kearns Kevin P. , Bell David , Deem Bobbi , McShane Lydia
Published: September 2012

Intensive interviews were conducted with CEOs and board chairs ( n = 18) to explore the criteria they use to compare and contrast funding sources common to nonprofit organizations. The interview protocol used in the study is distinctive for: (1) the amount of data it generates from relatively few interviews, and (2) its power in eliciting the underlying values and assumptions of interviewees rather than imposing the researcher’s frame of reference as is the case with traditional forced-choice questionnaires and interview protocols. The nonprofit leaders who were interviewed in this exploratory study seem to employ a strategic perspective in their evaluation of funding sources, asserting to the researchers that they use evaluative criteria such as the extent to which the funding source can catalyze other resources, the alignment of the funding source with the mission of the organization, and the sustainability of the funding source over time.
A generic controller for improving lateral performance of heavy vehicle combinations
Authors: Kharrazi Sogol , Lidberg Mathias , Fredriksson Jonas
Published: September 2012

A generic controller for improving the lateral performance of heavy vehicle combinations by steering the axles of the towed units is proposed. The lateral performance of nine heavy vehicle combinations, including conventional combinations and existing and prospective longer combinations, are studied with and without the controller. The performance of the passive vehicles clearly indicates a need for improvements, which can be achieved by the proposed controller. The results obtained for controller verification in the frequency and time domains demonstrate that the controller reduces the yaw rate rearward amplification and off-tracking of all studied vehicles significantly, and diminishes trailer swings without reducing manoeuvrability. Furthermore, as a by-product, it moderately reduces the lateral acceleration rearward amplification. The improvements obtained by the proposed controller can promote the use of longer combination vehicles in traffic, which will result in a reduction of congestion, as well as substantial environmental and economic benefits.