bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caesalpinia spinosa (Molina) Kuntze: una nueva promesa para el tratamiento tópico de la leishmaniasis cutánea
Authors: Robledo Restrepo Sara María , Quintero Juliana , Higuita Jorge , Fernández Maritza , Murillo Javier , Restrepo Adriana , Arbeláez Natalia , Montoya Andrés , Ospina Victoria , Pineda Tatiana , Yepes Lina M. , Upegui Yulieth , Vélez Iván D.
Published: January 2021

Ante la necesidad de desarrollar nuevos medicamentos para el tratamiento de la leishmaniasis cutánea que sean efectivos, seguros, de mayor aceptación entre los pacientes, fáciles de administrar en los entornos rurales y más económicos, en el presente estudio se evaluó in vitro e in vivo el potencial terapéutico y el perfil de citotoxicidad de un extracto etanólico y un extracto glicólico de las ramas de Caesalpinia spinosa (Molina) Kuntze y sus respectivas formulaciones: loción y emulsión. Asimismo, se validó la utilidad de las dos formulaciones como tratamiento tópico en diez pacientes con leishmaniasis cutánea no complicada. Ambos extractos fueron activos contra Leishmania braziliensis en concentraciones de menos de 22 μg/mL, tuvieron baja toxicidad en las células U-937 y HL60 cuando se administraron en forma pura y en las células Hep G2 y Detroit 551 cuando se administraron en concentraciones de menos de 20 %. Ni los extractos ni las formulaciones fueron irritantes o corrosivos y no causaron ningún otro tipo de toxicidad dérmica. La exposición de fibroblastos al extracto glicólico y a las formulaciones favoreció su migración y la reparación de la monocapa luego de 16 horas de contacto, permitiendo cierres de la brecha entre 33,9 y 70,9 %. Tanto los extractos como las formulaciones favorecieron la curación completa de los hámsteres con leishmaniasis cutánea en porcentajes mayores al 80 %. La loción y la emulsión se absorben y penetran en la piel después de su aplicación y, aunque se alcanzan a detectar en plasma hasta las 24 h (la loción) o las 6 h (la emulsión) de la aplicación, la mayor parte queda retenida en la piel. Por último, el tratamiento de los diez pacientes con la loción y la emulsión logró la curación completa de las lesiones con la reparación de la piel dañada y sin efectos adversos. En conclusión, los resultados demostraron las propiedades leishmanicidas y cicatrizantes de C. spinosa, lo que le permitiría ser una alternativa segura para el tratamiento local de la leishmaniasis cutánea. Es necesario validar estos resultados en ensayos clínicos controlados y determinar la eficacia y la seguridad del tratamiento con los productos fitoterapéuticos de C. spinosa.
Mie scattering study of dielectric nanoparticles and nanoantennas applications
Authors: Jaimes Suarez Oslen Dilayder , Peña-Pedraza Heriberto
Published: January 2021

The development of devices for focusing radiation on desired targets is of great importance in different fields of science and communication technologies as it would allow the creation of more efficient optical instruments. In this study, we explored the dispersion of dielectric spherical nanoparticles using elements from Mie’s theory. There was evidence that the form of dispersed radiation patterns depends on factors such as the size of particles and the wavelength of incident radiation. The knowledge regarding radiation dispersion could be applied in the development of nanoantennas, as well as new nanotechnology devices and arrangements.
KINEMATICS FEATURES OF HAMMER PERFORATED TILLAGE ROLL
Authors:   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Sharonov I. А. , Isaev Yu. М. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Kurdyumov V. I. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU
Published: January 2021

The task of improving the quality of agricultural tools by improving the technological processes of their functioning, taking into account the kinematic features of the combined impact of working elements of tools on the soil environment is important from a scientific and technical point of view. To form the required structure and density of the soil layer at the depth of sowing, a hammer perforated tillage roller (HPTR) has been developed. The study aim is to improve the quality of post-sowing compaction and structuring of the soil layer in the seed location zone based on the development of an innovative design of HPTR that combines different effects on the treated environment. The object of research is the kinematic mode of operation of the HPTR, equipped with cylindrical hammers installed at the ends of the rod, which, in turn, are radially and pivotally installed on the axis of the gunFeature of offered HPTR is the excitation of hammer vibrations, which changes the kinematic parameters of the tillage tool as a whole. Lagrange equations of the second kind are used to describe the process of HPTR operation, which is represented as a system of material objects with several degrees of freedom. The conducted studies revealed the periodic nature of changes in the strength of the impact of HPTR on the soil. The obtained equations allow us to determine the features of the HPTR movement at different masses of a hollow perforated cylinder and cylindrical hammers. This is of great importance for increasing the efficiency of soil bolster destruction and creating the soil structure recommended for winter crops sown in the Middle Volga region.
MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATION AFRICAN CATFISH TO HIGH PLANTING DENSITIES IN RAS
Authors:   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Lyubomirova V.N. , Romanova Е. М. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Romanov V. V. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Kharitonov D. А. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU
Published: January 2021

The article presents the results of research on the effect of increased planting density on the body of african catfish. Vital organs that play a fundamental role in fish metabolism were studied: heart, liver, kidneys, and spleen. Morphophysiological adaptations of the african catfish to unfavorable environmental conditions were evaluated. The results showed that an increase in planting density causes a number of negative changes in the fish body. In pools with increased planting density, the average fish mass was significantly less than in the control. The greatest slowdown of the growth rate and biomass set was observed when the planting density increased by 30%. It was established that the liver mass increased with increasing planting density, and males had significantly larger livers than females. Liver indices P and Q increased with increasing planting density in males and females and were higher the higher the planting density. Kidney mass and their P and Q indices in catfish showed that increase in planting density depresses the kidneys, causing a decrease in their mass against the increase in the P and Q indices. With increasing planting density, the absolute weight of fish spleen decreased. A study of the heart mass of the african catfish showed that with increasing planting density, the heart mass and P and Q indices increased, due to the high energy costs of survival.
MICROARCHITECTONICS OF FEMALE SHARPTOOTH CATFISH GONADS GROWN IN AN ARTIFICIAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Spirina Е. V. , Romanova Е. М. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Lyubomirova V. N. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Kharitonov D. А. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU
Published: January 2021

The article presents the research results obtained by use of probiotic «Sporothermin» for the cultivation of females of African sharptooth catfish in an artificial environment. Sporothermin is a probiotic that is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis, which provides an increase in the adaptive abilities of fish to the long-term action of various adverse factors, which is relevant when growing in an artificial environment. The histological structure of the gonads of female sharptooth catfish was analyzed using a research motorized universal microscope Axio Imager. M2 (Carl Zeiss, Germany). The results of our research have shown that in sharptooth catfish grown using the probiotic «Sporothermin», germ cells are observed, represented by oogonia and young oocytes of the protoplasmic growth period. Oocytes appear, that finished protoplasmic growth as well as oocytes that have completed trophoplasmic growth. At this stage, oocytes in the cytoplasm contain fat droplets that are part of the yolk grains, coloring from light yellow to orange with various shades. Female sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) of the control group, grown without the use of the probiotic «Sporothermin», have a violation of the synthesis of yolk granules, as well as edema of the follicular layer of the gonads, resorption of yolk grains and edema of the connective tissue egg-bearing plate, there is no striation of the radial layer, and deformation of the trophoplasmic oocyte is noted. In histological studies of the gonads of female sharptooth catfish, it was found that the use of the probiotic «Sporothermin» leads to a decrease in disorders in their microstructure, due to the strengthening of the membranes of the gonad cells.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN INDICATION SCHEME FOR AEROMONAS SALMONICIDA BACTERIA USING BACTERIOPHAGES
Authors:   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Molofeeva N. I , Kaldyrkaev А.I. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Shestakov А.G. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU
Published: January 2021

The causative agent of furunculosis Aeromonas salmonicida is widely spread around the world and usually affects many cold-water fish (trout), salmon, and less often fish from other families. Currently, there is no scheme for indicating the bacterium of the species A. salmonicida from objects of the external environment, using bacteriophages and accumulation media, which complicates the study of the distribution area of the mentioned microorganism and rapid indication of the pathogen. For this reason, the aim of the study was to develop a scheme for the indication of A. salmonicida bacteria using bacteriophages. To identify field strains of A. salmonicida, we examined 56 samples of water objects in Ulyanovsk and the Ulyanovsk region. Using the environment of accumulation of A. Sl.1 and the differential diagnostic environment A.Sl.2.7 A. salmonicida strains were isolated and typed from 56 samples. We have developed a scheme for the indication of A. salmonicida bacteria based on the modification of the phage titer increase reaction (RSF) using the accumulation medium A.Sl.1. This scheme allows detecting A. salmonicida in the amount of 103m.K./ml within 24 hours. The proposed scheme has the potential to be modified and applied to a whole range of microorganisms, sensitive and specific, allowing to detect bacteria in the substrate in a short time, in the presence of foreign microflora without isolation of pure cultures.
MULTIFACTORIAL REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF COW BODY TYPE INDICATORS OF FIRST CALF OF THE BLACK-ANDWHITE HOLSTINIZED BREED OF THE MOSCOW REGION
Authors:   FSBEI Federal research centre of cattle breeding – VIJ named after the academician L.К. Ernst, Konte А.F. , Ignatieva L.P. ,   FSBEI Federal research centre of cattle breeding – VIJ named after the academician L.К. Ernst
Published: January 2021

The object of research was 59765 heads (2005...2018) of cows of the first calving of black-and-white Holstein breed, this number is predominant in the complexes of the Moscow region. The database contains 4 parameters of the “A” system assessment and 17 features of the “B” system body type assessment. Based on shown calculations, we have obtained the coefficients of the regression equation b0…n (78.34…-0.02). The studied indicators “milk type”, “body” and “udder” have an average level of linear dependence (multiple correlation coefficient R - ≤0,70 and ≥0,30), from the regression statistics, we can see that the “multiple correlation coefficient R” in our case is in the range of 0.67...0.57. The regression equations show that the indicator “milk type” is strongly influenced and interacted with by “height” and “ milk type “(according to “system B”); “corpus” depends on “height” and “depth of the corpus”; “limbs” also depends on “height” and “setting of the hind legs from behind”; “udder” cooperates mostly with the indicators - “central ligament” and “ length of the anterior lobes». The dependent variables “milk type”, “body” greater than” udder “and” limb “are statistically dependent indicators of the” system b “score the regression line is positive, i.e. when any xn increases by one in the regression equation, if all other values of x1...n are 0, the value of bn increases (assuming a positive” + “ sign in front of them). The genetic trend of traits for evaluating the physique of the studied animals tended to improve the indicators of the exterior in the direction of greater severity of the dairy type of cattle and in the direction of smaller udders and limbs.
INDICATORS OF DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS BRED IN FARMS OF THE VORONEZH REGION WITH THE ANALYSIS OF MAIN TECHNOLOGICAL REASONS FOR THEIR CULLING
Authors:   FSBEI HE Voronezh SAU named after the emperor Peter I, Krupitsyn V.V. , Kotarev V.I. ,   FSBSI All-Russian research veterinary institute of pathology, pharmacology and therapy
Published: January 2021

The main breeds of cows bred in the Voronezh region are red-mottled, Simmental, Holstein, both domestic and imported selection. The milk productivity of the red-mottled breed is 6247.9 kg, the duration of production use of ncp is 2.9 lactation; the Simmental ncpis 6952.9 kg and ncp is 3.21, and the Holstein ncp is 8845.4 kg and ncp is 1.85, respectively. Imported Simmental and Holstein cattle have a high potential for milk productivity, but the longevity period with the technology of loose keeping is very short. The main reasons for culling imported cattle are transport injuries, metabolic disorders, respiratory diseases, digestive diseases, breast diseases, hooves in general due to adaptation of body and the influence of production paratypical factors. With the technology of loose keeping of dairy herds as a result of intensive load, the main reasons for culling are udder diseases of ncp-19.5 %, diseases of the reproductive organs of ncp-25.1%, and limbs of ncp – 18.5 %. In conditions of year-round tie-up housing of cows, as a result of hypodynamia, metabolic disorders occur. Diseases of reproductive organs make up ncp-32.8%, as well as diseases of distal extremities of ncp-22.3. In a number of farms, protein overfeed is noted, as a result of which the body experiences an intense load, leading to a number of animal diseases. As a result, it is necessary to recommend and follow the technological principles of providing the necessary hygienic conditions that would be close to the physiological or natural requirements of animal’s body to ensure the efficiency of raw milk production.
RESULTS OF GROWING QUAILS WITH THE USE OF A FEED PRODUCT BASED ON WASTE PLANT RAW MATERIALS
Authors:   FSBEI Krasnodar scientific center for zootechnics and veterinary medicine, Labutina N. D. , Khorin B. V. ,   FSBEI Krasnodar scientific center for zootechnics and veterinary medicine, Yurina N. А. ,   FSBEI Krasnodar scientific center for zootechnics and veterinary medicine
Published: January 2021

The studies were carried out in the experimental housing room of FSBSI KSCZV on quails of Texas white breed. The purpose of the scientific and economic experience was to study the effectiveness of using a feed additive based on modified beer pellets in mixed feeds for young quail. Feeding of quail chicks was divided into 3 phases - "Start" - from daily to 14-day-old age, "Growth" - from 15 to 28-day-old age, and" Finish» - from 29 to 56-day-old age. The experimental group received an additive in a dosage of 1.5% by weight of complete feed. The research was conducted according to the" Methodology of scientific and industrial research on poultry feeding» (2000). During the experiment live weight, liveweight gain, the safety of poultry, cost of feed was determined. At the end of the experimental period, the economic effectiveness was studied. As a result of studies it was found that the live weight of the birds in the second experimental group significantly increased by 8.6% at 14 days age (p<0.01) and at 28-day age – 6.4% (p<0.01) in 42-day – by 4.7 % (p<0.05), daily gain over the entire period was higher in the experimental group for 4.6 %. The use of the additive did not affect the safety of the bird. Feed costs per 1 kg of growth were lower in the second group by 5.0 %, compared to the control. The cost of 1 kg of live weight gain of quails was less than the control indicator in the experimental group by 2.6 %. Also introduced feed ingredient allowed to get 5.08 rubles of additional profit from 1 head.
INFLUENCE OF THE METHOD OF PROCESSING LIGHT-GRAY FOREST SOILS ON THE CLOVER LAYER OF THE FIRST YEAR OF USE ON THE YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT OF « MOSKOVSKAYA 39 VARIETY» IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE NIZHNY NOVGOROD REGION
Authors:   FSBEI HE Nizhny Novgorod SAA, Mikhalev Е. V. , Borisov N.А. ,   FSBEI HE Nizhny Novgorod SAA, Mineeva N. А. ,   FSBEI HE Nizhny Novgorod SAA
Published: January 2021

The research aim is to identify the most energy-saving and cost-effective technology for winter wheat cultivation. The maximum moisture content of soil was recorded when it was processed using Mini-till technology – from 17.2% to 17.9%, and the lowest - with traditional technology – from 15.7% to 16.4%. The lowest soil density with traditional winter wheat technology is both on the background with fertilizer (1.18%) and on the background without fertilizer (1.21%). The lowest contamination of crops with traditional technology without mineral fertilizers (42 pcs/м2). With the Mini-till technology, the total blockage increased to 51pcs/м2, and with the No-till technology, it was maximum- 128 pcs/м2. Against the mineral fertilizers, the same tendency of total blockage-from – from 40 pcs/м2 to 132 pcs/м2, respectively. With No-till technology, the total plant damage increased from 17.0 % to 14.6 %, with traditional treatment – from 12.4% to 10.1%, and with Mini-till technology-from 12.7% to 9.6%. The yield of winter wheat when using traditional plowing against the background of mineral fertilizer is 3.59 t / ha, and against the background without mineral fertilizer – 2.24 t / ha. The yield of Mini-till technology for mineral background is 3.13 t / ha, and without fertilizers-1.81 t / ha. With the No-till technology, the winter wheat yield is 1.69 t/ha, and without fertilizers – 1.11 t/ha. The highest level of profitability with Mini-till technology against the background of mineral fertilizers-73.2%.
ENERGY ASSESSMENT OF AGROTECHNOLOGY OF LEGUMINOUS CROPS IN IRRIGATED AGROCENOSES
Authors:   FSBEI Omsk agrarian scientific centre, Timokhin А.Yu. , Boiko V. S. ,   FSBEI Omsk agrarian scientific centre
Published: January 2021

The research was conducted in the irrigated stationary crop rotation of FSBEI «Omsk agricultural research center» in the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia. The aim of the research was to determine the bioenergetic efficiency of agricultural technology of seed peas, feed beans and soybeans on irrigated lands. The experiments studied influence of various conditions of mineral nutrition and inoculation of seeds with rhizotorphin on seed productivity of seed peas, feed beans and soybeans under irrigation. It was established that when cultivating peas, phosphorus (in action and aftereffect) increased energy cost per 1 ha from 14.10 to 17.23 GJ or 22%, the introduction of nitrogen fertilizers and microelements against increased phosphorus content – up to 17.14 GJ or 22%, and the pre – sowing introduction of mineral nitrogen, phosphorus and microelements against an increased content of P2O5-up to 20.26 GJ or 44%. At the same time, the increase in seed productivity of the crop provided an increase in gross energy in these variants by 39, 50 and 52%, respectively. It is shown that the improvement of conditions of mineral nutrition of beans provided an increase in energy from 31.32 to 44.84-47.66 GJ/ha or by 43-52%; soybeans-from 14.21 to 20.09-21.03 GJ / ha or by 41-48%. A weak effect of seed inoculation on the yield of various varieties of peas, beans and soybeans, and, as a result, on changes in bioenergetic efficiency indicators, was found. Of all the studied pea varieties, it is worth noting the varieties aksaysky usatyi 55, whose energy coefficient was at the level of 3.03, Yamalsky-2.92 and Blagovest – 2.49. The energy coefficient of various soybean varieties selected by the Omsk ASC was about 2.55-2.87. Feed beans surpassed peas and soybeans in this indicator – 3.55-3.77. Due to high seed productivity, beans have the lowest energy consumption per 1 ton of seeds-about 4.83 GJ.
ANTI-STRESS EFFECT OF ORGANO-MINERAL FERTILIZERS IN WINTER WHEAT AGROTECHNOLOGY
Authors:   FSBEI HE Samara state agrarian university, Bakaeva N.P. , Saltykova О.L. ,   FSBEI HE Samara state agrarian university
Published: January 2021

To study the effect of urea mineral fertilizer and new organo-mineral fertilizers Stimulife and potassium gutamate containing humid acids (humates) and selenium bioelement, which can affect the plant’s protective system, enhancing adaptive potential, winter wheat crops were treated with prima herbicide at a dose of 500 ml/ha. Visually, the suppression of crops and stress changes in plants were determined. After that, foliar fertilization with urea and organomineral fertilizers was carried out. The activity of the catalase enzyme (NF 1.11.1.6) of leaves when treated with organo-mineral fertilizers increased by 20.4% on the first day, then the increase decreased and on the fifth day it decreased to 11.2%. This type of change in catalase activity is caused by the protective and stimulating effect of the drugs Stimulife and potassium humate, and the protection of cells from the destructive effect of oxygen under stress. The aboveground mass of plants and area of leaves per plant increased, both with the use of urea up to 5.5% - as a result of additional nutrition, and with organo-mineral fertilizers up to 2.9% – as a protective effect against stressors, as a result of increased physiological and biochemical reactions. The content of sugars and fiber increased from the tillering phase to the tube exit phase, and by earing it decreased to the initial state. Urea treatment reduced the sugar content by up to 40%, as a result of the outflow of low-molecular metabolites from sugar formation processes to protein biosynthesis. The nitrogen content when using urea increased by 11.6%, which was provided by additional nitrogen nutrition.
Commentary: Policy Implementation Science - An Unexplored Strategy to Address Social Determinants of Health
Authors: Emmons Karen M. , Chambers David A.
Published: January 2021

This commentary explores the ways in which robust research focused on policy implementation will increase our ability to understand how to – and how not to – ad­dress social determinants of health.We make three key points in this commen­tary. First, policies that affect our lives and health are developed and implemented every single day, like it or not. These include “small p” policies, such as those at our workplaces that influence whether we have affordable access to healthy food at work, as well as “large P” policies that, for example, determine at a larger level whether our children’s schools are required to provide physical education. However, policies interact with context and are likely to have differential effects across different groups based on demographics, socioeconomic sta­tus, geography, and culture. We are unlikely to improve health equity if we do not begin to systematically evaluate the ways in which policies can incorporate evidence-based approaches to reducing inequities and to provide structural supports needed for such interventions to have maximal impact. A policy mandating physical education in schools will do little to address disparities in fitness and weight-related outcomes if all schools cannot provide the resources for physical education teachers and safe activity spaces.Second, as we argue for an increased emphasis on policy implementation science, we acknowledge its nascent status. Although the field of implementation science has be­come increasingly robust in the past decade, there has been only limited application to policy. However, if we are strategic and systematic in application of implementation science approaches and methods to health-related policy, there is great opportunity to discover its impact on social determinants. This will entail fundamental work to de­velop common measures of policy-relevant implementation processes and outcomes, to develop the capacity to track policy proposal outcomes, and to maximize our capacity to study natural experiments of policy implementation.Third, development of an explicit policy implementation science agenda focused on health equity is critical. This will include efforts to bridge scientific evidence and policy adoption and implementation, to evaluate policy impact on a range of health equity outcomes, and to examine differen­tial effects of varied policy implementation processes across population groups.We cannot escape the reality that policy influences health and health equity. Policy implementation science can have an important bearing in understanding how policy impacts can be health-promoting and equitable.Ethn Dis. 2021;31(1):133-138; doi:10.18865/ed.31.1.133
Eliciting the Social Determinants of Cancer Prevention and Control in the Catchment of an Urban Cancer Center
Authors: Jou Katerina , Sterling Madeline R. , Ramos Rosio , Antoine Francesse , Nanus David M. , Phillips Erica
Published: January 2021

Objective: The objectives of this study were two-fold: 1) to engage community stake­holders in identifying the top three social determinant of health (SDOH) barriers to the early detection and treatment of cancer in their respective communities; and 2) to develop a tailored plan responsive to the potential social risks identified within the catchment of an urban academic cancer center.Methods: Stakeholders from four neighbor­hoods in Brooklyn, New York with dispro­portionate cancer burden were recruited; the nominal group technique, a semi-quantitative research method, was used to elicit the SDOH barriers. Responses were consolidated into categories and ranked by points received.Results: 112 stakeholders participated in four community-based meetings. The SDOH categories of economic stability, education, and community and social context were identified as the top barriers. The themes of lost wages/employment, competing priorities, and the inability to afford care embodied the responses about economic stability. The domain of education was best described by the themes of low health literacy, targeted health topics to fill gaps in knowledge, and recommendations on the best modalities for improving health knowledge. Lastly, within the category of community and social context, the themes of stigma, bias, and discrimination, eroding support systems, and cultural misconcep­tions were described.Conclusion: The implications of our study are three-fold. First, they highlight the strengths of the nominal group technique as a methodology for engaging community stakeholders. Second, our analysis led to identifying a smaller set of social priorities for which tailored screening and practical solutions could be implemented within our health care system. Third, the results provide insight into the actual types of interventions and resources that commu­nities expect from the health care sector.Ethn Dis. 2021;31(1):23-30; doi:10.18865/ ed.31.1.23
Perspective: Social Determinants of Health and Implementation Research: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Riley William T. , Mensah George A.
Published: January 2021

During the past three decades, the world has experienced many clinical and public health challenges that require implementa­tion of practices and policies informed by an understanding of social determinants of health and health inequities, but perhaps none as global and pervasive as the current COVID-19 pandemic. In the context of this special themed issue on Social Deter­minants of Health and Implementation Research: Three Decades of Progress and a Need for Convergence, we highlight the application of social determinants of health and implementation research on various as­pects of the COVID-19 pandemic.Ethn Dis. 2021;31(1):5-8;doi:10.18865/ed.31.1.5
Should We Implement Geographic or Patient-Reported Social Determinants of Health Measures in Cardiovascular Patients?
Authors: Kostelanetz Sophia , Di Gravio Chiara , Schildcrout Jonathan S. , Roumie Christianne L. , Conway Douglas , Kripalani Sunil
Published: January 2021

Objectives: To compare patient-reported social determinants of health (SDOH) to the Brokamp Area Deprivation Index (ADI), and evaluate the association of patient-reported SDOH and ADI with mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD).Design: Prospective cohort.Setting: Academic medical center.Participants: Adults with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and/or acute exacerbation of heart failure (HF) hospitalized between 2011 and 2015.Methods: Patient-reported SDOH included: income range, education, health insurance, and household size. ADI was calculated using census tract level variables of poverty, median income, high school completion, lack of health insurance, assisted income, and vacant housing.Primary outcome: All-cause mortality, up to 5 years follow-up.Results: The sample was 60% male, 84% White, and 93% insured; mean patient-reported household income was $48,000 (SD $34,000). ADI components were significantly associated with corresponding patient-report­ed variables. In age, sex, and race adjusted Cox regression models, ADI was associated with mortality for ACS (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.06, 1.42), but not HF (HR 1.09, 95% CI .99, 1.21). Mortality models for ACS improved with consideration of social determinants data (C-statistics: base demographic model=.612; ADI added=.644; patient-reported SDOH added=.675; both ADI and patient-reported SDOH added=.689). HF mortality models improved only slightly (C-statistics: .600, .602, .617, .620, respectively).Conclusions: The Brokamp ADI is associated with mortality in hospitalized patients with CVD. In the absence of available patient-reported data, hospitals could implement the Brokamp ADI as an approximation for patient-reported data to enhance risk stratification of patients with CVD. Ethn Dis. 2021;31(1):9-22; doi:10.18865/ed.31.1.9
Association of Perceived Stress and Discrimination on Medication Adherence among Diverse Patients with Uncontrolled Hypertension
Authors: Alvarez Carmen , Hines Anika L , Carson Kathryn A. , Andrade Nadia , Ibe Chidinma , Marstellar Jill A. , Cooper Lisa A.
Published: January 2021

Background: Uncontrolled hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascu­lar morbidity and mortality. In the United States, many patients remain uncontrolled, in part, due to poor medication adherence. Efforts to improve hypertension control include not only attending to medical management of the disease but also the social determinants of health, which impact medication adherence, and ultimately blood pressure control.Purpose: To determine which social deter­minants – health care access or community and social stressors - explain medication adherence.Methods: In this cross-sectional analysis, we used baseline data (N=1820, col­lected August 2017 to October 2019) from a pragmatic trial, which compares the effectiveness of a multi-level intervention including collaborative care and a stepped approach with enhanced standard of care for improving blood pressure. We used logistic regression analyses to examine the association between patient experiences of care and community and social stressors with medication adherence.Results: The participants represented a diverse sample: mean age of 60 years; 59% female; 57.3% Black, 9.6% Hispanic, and 33.2% White. All participants had a blood pressure reading ≥140/90 mm Hg (mean blood pressure – 152/85 mm Hg). Half of the participants reported some level of non-adherence to medication. Regression analy­sis showed that, compared with Whites, Blacks (AOR .47; 95% CIs: .37-.60, P<.001) and Hispanics (AOR .48; 95% CIs: .32- .73, P<.001) were less likely to report medica­tion adherence. Also part-time workers (AOR .57; 95% CIs: .38-.86, P<.05), and those who reported greater perceived stress (AOR .94; 95% CIs: .91 – .98, P<.001) and everyday discrimination (AOR .73; 95% CIs: .59 – .89; P<.001) had lower odds of medication adherence. Among Blacks, greater perceived stress (AOR .93; 95% CIs: .88-.98, P<.001) and everyday discrimina­tion (AOR .63; 95% CIs: .49 - .82, P<.005) were negatively associated with medication adherence. Among Hispanics, greater report of everyday discrimination (AOR .36; 95% CIs: .14 – .89, P<.005) was associated with lower odds of medication adherence. Among Whites, the negative effect of per­ceived stress on medication adherence was attenuated by emotional support.Conclusions: Using the social determinants of health framework, we identified associa­tions between stress, everyday discrimina­tion and medication adherence among non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics that were independent of health status and other social determinants. Programs to enhance self-management for African American and Hispanic patients with uncontrolled blood pressure should include a specific focus on addressing social stressors.Ethn Dis. 2021;31(1):97-108; doi:10.18865/ ed.31.1.97
Premedication for Nonemergent Intubation in the NICU: A Call for Standardized Practice
Authors: O'Connor Terri Lynn
Published: January 2021

This paper discusses neonatal endotracheal intubation and the need for standardization in practice regarding the use of premedication. Intubation is common in the NICU because of resuscitation, surfactant administration, congenital anomalies, apnea, and sedation for procedures or surgery. Intubation is both painful and stressful. Unmedicated intubation is associated with several adverse outcomes including repeat and prolonged attempts, airway trauma, bradycardia, severe desaturation, and need for resuscitation. Most providers believe intubation is painful and that premedication should be provided; however, there is still resistance to provide premedication and inconsistency in doing so. Reasons for not providing premedication include concerns about medication side effects such as chest wall rigidity or prolonged respiratory depression inhibiting immediate extubation after surfactant administration. Premedication should include an opioid analgesic for pain, a benzodiazepine for an adjuvant sedation, a vagolytic to decrease bradycardia, and the optional use of a muscle relaxant for paralysis.
In This Issue—Reminiscing About Birth and Motherhood
Authors: Budin Wendy C.
Published: January 2021

In this column, the editor of The Journal of Perinatal Education reminisces about her births and those of her three daughters and how birth has had an impact on her personal and professional life. The editor also describes the contents of this issue, which offer a broad range of resources, research, and inspiration for childbirth educators in their efforts to promote, support, and protect natural, safe, and healthy birth.
Cybersecurity Guide
Authors: Alecu Iulian , Ciuchi Costel , Cimpeanu Toma , Coman Iulian , Gabudeanu Larisa , Mihai Ioan-Cosmin , Moghior Cosmina , Munteanu Nelu , Petrica Gabriel , Stoica Ionut , Zetu Catalin
Published: January 2021

Cybersecurity guide
Correlation of Lower Limb Muscles and Body Mass Index with Body Balance in the Elderly
Authors: Valentina Natasya , Kurniawati Patricia M , Maramis Margarita M
Published: January 2021

Indonesia enters the ageing population because of increasing elderly population. The large number of ederly population can have negative impact if they have some problems, such as increased disability and increased rates of life dependence. Based on health research, it was mentioned that the cause of the most injuries to the elderly group is falls that are caused by balance disorder. Balance problems can be caused by changes of musculoskeletal function. In addition, Body Mass Index (BMI) is still a problem that often occurs in the elderly that can affect daily activities. The objective of this study was to prove that lower limb muscle strength and BMI have correlation with body balance in the elderly. This study used a cross-sectional method carried out on individuals from affordable populations with Kendall Tau C data analysis. Thirty-nine respondents were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were taken from these respondents on weight and height measurement for BMI, size of lower limb muscle strength using a leg dynamometer, and body balance based on risk of falls using Berg’s balance scale. We obtained significant score 0,000 for correlation between lower limb muscle strength with body balance in elderly, and correlation between BMI with body balance in elderly. In conclusion, there is strong positive correlation between lower limb muscle strength with body balance in elderly. It is shown by the better muscle strength; the risk of falling in the elderly is getting lower. There is strong positive correlation between BMI with body balance in elderly. It is shown by increasing BMI away from normal scale; the risk of falling is higher.
The Effect of Moderate Intensity Fun Aerobic Gym on HDL-C and LDL- C on Overweight Women
Authors: Saputro Zanuar Bagus , Wardani Tjitra , Rejeki Purwo Sri
Published: January 2021

Overweight and obesity is a major health problem in throughout the world. Hyperlipidemia and obesity are risk factor the occurrence of cardiovascular disease. Exercise is recommended as a therapeutic lifestyle changes because it leads to a variety of health benefits. Fun Aerobic gymnastics aerobics one which is quite popular in the community and a gym. Describe the gymnastics fun aerobic workout's effectiveness against related to prevention of cardiovascular disease with seeing the results before and after doing gymnastics with the result of increasing levels of HDL-c and LDL/HDL Ratios as well as lowering LDL-c levels. Using design research one group pretest and posttest design with the subject as many as 19 people and given gymnastics moderate fun aerobic intensity for 45 minutes 3 day a week for 6 weeks. Gymnastics moderate fun aerobic intensity can increase HDL-c and LDL/HDL ratio and LDL-c. The paired t test results HDL-c pre test and post test (p = 0.000), LDL-c pre test and post test (p = 0,015), HDL/LDL Ratio (p = 0.000). Mean there are meaningful difference between the before and after of gymnastics. The effect of moderate intensity fun aerobic gym on the increase of HDL-c and LDL/HDL Ratio and a decrease in LDL-c in overweight women.
Correlation of Total IgE Level and Intensity of Infection among Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis Farmers in Klungkung Regency, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Apsari Putu Indah Budi , Arwati Heny , Dachlan Yoes Prijatna
Published: January 2021

The phenomena of increasing total IgE level in Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis and its protective role in resistance of infection remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between total IgE and the intensity of Soil transmitted helminthiasis among farmers in these area. Total 162 farmer, age ranged 25-80 years participated in this cross sectional analytic study. Kato-Katz method was used to diagnose Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis and to determined infection intensity based on egg per gram (EPG). Total IgE levels were measured by enzyme linked flourescent assay (ELFA). The results of this study showed that 13,56% farmer positive  for Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis, with single infection of Ascaris lumbricoides were 1,85%, 9,26% for Trichuris trichiura, 0,61% for Hookworm and mixed infection that were 1,23% for A.lumbricoides+T.trichiura 0,61%  for A.lumbricoides+Hookworm. The intensity of infection were in mild category. Total IgE level in Soil transmitted Helminthiasis group was significantly different compared with noninfected group (p<0.05, t-test). There was significant correlation between EPG and total IgE level (r=0.667, p=0.001, Spearman test). As a conclusion total IgE level was significantly correlated with EPG, this fact can be used to develop management of Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis theraphy.
Effect of Different Complementary Feeding on Iron Deficiency Anemia and Growth in Breastfed Infants: Home-Made VS Commercial
Authors: Irawan Roedi , Widjaja Nur Aisiyah , Hanindita Meta Herdiana
Published: January 2021

After approximately 6 months of age, term breastfed infants are increasingly depend on other sources of iron to avoid iron deficiency anemia, due to the depletion of the low concentration of iron in human milk. The appropriate complementary feeding must include a balance composition of foods containing an adequate amount of macro- and micronutrients to avoid iron deficiency anemia. This study aimed to compare the risk of iron deficiency and growth in breastfeed infants receiving commercial fortified complementary foods or home-made. A cross-sectional study was held on April-June 2016 to evaluate infants aged 6-24 months with breast feeding intake for 6 month of life. Complementary feeding practices were determined by questionnaire; an unquantified food frequency and feeding practices questionnaire was used to determine usual food intake. Biochemical assessment of haemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin (SF) and serum iron (SI) level were measured. Anthropometric were assessed using WHO Child Growth Standard 2005. Statistical analysis used were Chi-square Test. Thirty eight infants were enrolled, mean age of 16.2 (SD 10.5) months. 17 infants consumed commercial complementary foods and 21 infants use home-made. Infants with home-made had lower Hb level, SF and SI  than those receiving commercial complementary food, and had higher risk of underweight, stunted and wasted. Infants with home-made complementary food had lower haemoglobin, serum feritin and serum iron levels than those in fortified complementary food CF; and a higher risk of stunted and wasted than children with commercial fortified CF.
Upper Lip Reconstruction after Lip Cancer Wide Excision
Authors: Santoso Boedy Setya , Novastuti Citra Dwi
Published: January 2021

Head and neck reconstruction serves two purposes, namely to restore function and aesthetics. The priority goals for lip reconstruction should be determined before surgery. In cases of large lip defects, maintaining the goal makes lip reconstruction difficult. This is a case report of a 66 year old man who came to ORL-HNS OPD, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya with the main complaint of ulcers on the upper lip since one year ago accompanied by pain. A mass biopsy result on the right vestibule in Malang on October 11, 2016 showed adenosquamous cell carcinoma. The patient planned to have a wide excision and reconstruction of the lip defect. Wide excision and lip reconstruction was performed on 15 September 2016. Total resection of the upper lip was performed up to the vestibule of the nose. The results showed that squamous cell carcinoma was poorly differentiated. The evaluation after myocutaneous flap surgery was well combined, there were no signs of inflammation or infection. Patients can open their mouths, eat, drink and speak without complaint. The patient then received regular chemoradiotherapy two weeks after surgery.
Effect of In-Vitro Alpha Lipoic Acid Addition on Spermatozoa Motility in Sperm Preparation Process
Authors: Buanayuda Gede Wira , Lunardhi Hamdani , Mansur Indra Gusti
Published: January 2021

Infertility is a problem for husband and wife, in the last 20 years the number of infertile couples has tended to increase by around 6.5 million pairs. The infertile couple can use the intrauterine insemination method to obtain offspring if a conventional method approach cannot be performed. Insemination requires a sperm preparation stage in which there are centrifugation and resuspension procedures that tend to produce excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excessive ROS will damage the motility of the spermatozoa. This study aims to prove the addition of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) as an antioxidant in the process of sperm preparation to improve and maintain better sperm motility. This research is a laboratory study with an experimental research design. The sample consisted of 10 infertile men who visited the Andrology section of the Sayyidah Jakarta Mother and Child Hospital (RSIA), where each ejaculate from the patient would be divided into 3 groups namely (k1) fresh semen as a control group, (k2) sperm preparation group without ALA, (k3) group of sperm preparation with the addition of ALA. The motility of spermatozoa was observed with the WHO 1999 method for 4 hours in units of percent. Progressive motility in k3 (47.95 ± 3.617) was higher than in k2 (38.05 ± 3.278) statistically significantly different after 3 hours of observation (p<0.0001). Progressive motility in k3 (78.8 ± 5.841) was higher than k1 (56.55 ± 7.511) from the initial observation (p <0.0001). The progressive motility of k2 (76.05 ± 6.768) was higher than k1 (56.55 ± 7.511) from the start of the observation (0.0001). It can be concluded that the addition of ALA in the sperm preparation process increases and maintains progressive motility that is better than sperm preparation without ALA addition after 3 hours of observation.
The Expression of E6 HPV, P53 and P16ink4a at Well, Moderately, and Poorly Differentiated Cervical Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Mastutik Gondo , Rahniayu Alphania , Kurniasari Nila , Rahaju Anny Setijo , Alia Rahmi , Mustokoweni Sjahjenny
Published: January 2021

The objective of this study is to analyze the expression of E6 Humanpapilloma virus (HPV), p53, and p16INK4A in cervical adenocarcinoma grade well differentiated (WD), moderately differentiated (MD), and poorly differentiated (PD). A cross sectional study conducted at Department of Anatomic Pathology, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya Indonesia using formalin fix paraffin embedded (FFPE) from cervical normal and cervical adenocarcioma grade WD, MD, and PD. The expression of E6 HPV, p53, and p16INK4A was performed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and continued with Mann-Withney test. The expression of E6 HPV in the cervical adenocarcinoma showed 35.9% specimens represented negative and 64.1% specimens represented positive. There was no significant difference in the expression of E6 HPV and p53 in cervical adenocarcinoma between grade WD, MD, and PD. The p16INK4A was overexpressed, shown as diffuse appearance in 89.7% of the specimens. There was a significant difference in the expression of p16INK4A between grade WD and MD with PD. In conclusion, some of cervical adecarcinoma were not caused by infection of HPV type 16 or 18 and the expression of p16INK4A might take a role in the developing of malignancy that caused by infection of HPV.
Correlation of Mothers with History of Diabetes Mellitus and Infants with Anti-GAD65
Authors: Salamy Nanda Fadhilah Witris , Sari Gadis Meinar , Purwanto Bambang , Sulistiawati Sulistiawati
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to determine the relationship between mothers with history of diabetes mellitus with Infants with Anti-GAD65. This study was an observational analytic study with a cohort study design. The case studied was the relationship between maternal history of diabetes mellitus and infants with Anti-GAD65. This study was conducted at Jemursari Hospital in Surabaya. Sample examination was performed with a GAD65 autoimmune rapid test. Then, a statistical test was performed to determine its relationship with other variables. There was no relationship between mothers with history of diabetes mellitus and infants with Anti-GAD65, but there was a significant relationship between Anti-GDA65 Mothers with Infants with Anti-GAD65. Thus, there was a possibility of transplacental antibody transfer and viral infections during pregnancy that cause damage to pancreatic beta cells. History of diabetes mellitus was not related to infants with Anti-GAD65, but there was a relationship between Anti-GAD65 Mothers with Anti-GAD65 BAyi so that there is a transfer of transplacenta antibodies and viral infections during pregnancy that can cause damage to beta pancreatic cells in infants.