bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ON THE OCCURRENCE OF THE α ISOMER OF DIPHOSPHOPYRIDINE NUCLEOTIDE AND ON THE DEHYDROGENASES ACTIVATED BY IT, IN LEUCOCYTES AND NEOPLASTIC TISSUES
Authors: Kerppola William
Published: August 2010

Abstract The α isomer of pyridine nucleotides has hitherto been regarded as an inactive form not encountered in tissues.

The α and β isomers of pyridine nucleotides were determined, in connection with their synthesis in some neoplastic tissues and in the white blood cells of “normal” persons and selected patients, as the CN complex, and by paper chromatography. The α isomer could be detected by the former method in about half the samples studied. With chromatography, α diphosphopyridine nucleotide was likewise demonstrated in about half the tests, and the presence of α triphosphopyridine nucleotide was established in approximately a fifth. The activating influence of the α and β isomers of diphosphopyridine nucleotide on a total of 7 dehydrogenases was also studied. In all the groups examined the α isomer activated lactic and malic dehydrogenases and cytochrome c reductase, often very strongly. The effect of the α isomer occasionally exceeded that of the β isomer. The α isomer was generally capable of inhibiting the dehydrogenase‐activating ability of the β isomer, sometimes very markedly. Although the phenomenon established is common, it is probably a metabolic error.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF WORK LOAD AND INJECTED VOLUME IN XENON133MEASUREMENT OF MUSCULAR BLOOD FLOW
Authors: Christensen Niels Juel
Published: August 2010

AbstractMeasuring peak flow in the anterior tibial muscle with radioactive xenon in normal and diabetic persons, it was shown that the same results were obtained during ischaemia both after one minute of work and after maximal work.

There was no difference when the peak flow was measured after the injection of 0.05 and 0.2 ml of the solution of radioactive xenon.

The coefficient of variation in repeated experiments was 18% for the peak flow and 30% for the latency time.

In a group of non‐diabetics (age range between 20 and 49 years) the resting flow was 1.6 ml per 100 g per min ± 0.8. The peak flow after maximal work during ischaemia was 71 ml per 100 g per min ± 18. The mean latency time was 0.47 min ± 0.18.
THE EFFECT OF DEXTRAN ON PLASMA LIPIDS
Authors: Blohmé Göran , Kerstell Jüri , Svanborg Alvar
Published: August 2010

Abstract In four patients with essential hypercholesterolemia and five patients with essential hypertriglyceridemia (hyperlipemia), plasma cholesterol, phospholipids and triglycerides were analysed before, during and after the treatment with intravenously or orally administered dextran.

These plasma lipid levels were lowered after dextran administered intravenously but were not influenced by orally administered dextran of higher average molecular weight, which caused a profound effect in vitro.

A lowering effect was observed already during the dextran infusion and persisted for 3–7 weeks. A rebound phenomenon was observed 3–7 weeks after the treatment.

The observations suggest that dextran influences the plasma lipid level mainly by altering the physical state of lipoproteins.
DETERMINATION OF PHYSICAL WORK CAPACITY AND EXERCISE TOLERANCE IN CARDIAC PATIENTS
Authors: Benestad Arne M.
Published: August 2010

Abstract Twenty‐four coronary heart patients and eight cardiac neurotics were tested physically by work loads up to maximum in order to assess their aerobic power and evaluate their work tolerance. The average aerobic capacity in both groups was reduced by 30%. The highest mean heart rate and the maximal oxygen pulse were also reduced. The average heart volume was normal. In coronary heart patients the systolic B.P. during exercise at high work loads tended to be low and ECG changes occurred in two thirds of them. The cardiac neurotics did not show these cardiac abnormalities. Only few of the coronary heart patients were able to perform heavy muscular exercise completely without signs and symptoms indicative of impaired myocardial function.
TREATMENT OF HEART BLOCK FROM A CLINICAL VIEWPOINT
Authors: Storstein Ole
Published: August 2010

Abstract In a material of 85 patients with total heart block treated with artificial pacemakers a review of the etiology shows that most of the patients suffered from a diffuse myocardial fibrosis. Only in three patients was coronary artery disease present. In this material there are also many patients with aortic valvular disease and four with previous toxic diphtheria. Most of the patients had atrioventricular block. Eight patients had sino‐atrial block.

Adams‐Stokes attacks were the predominant indication for cardiac pacing. Only a few patients had pacemaker implantation on account of congestive heart failure or vertigo.

Various modes of cardiac pacing have been used. At the present time intracardial pacemaking is the method of choice, and an increasing number of on‐demand pacemakers are now applied. This is of paramount importance in patients with competition between sinus rhythm and pacemaker rhythm. Four such patients were seen in this material. Three died suddenly of cardiac standstill in the immediate postoperative period. One was successfully defibrillated.
HEREDITARY COPROPORPHYRIA
Authors: Lomholt J. C. , With T. K.
Published: August 2010

Abstract A family with hereditary coproporphyria from central Jutland, Denmark, is described. In spite of excretion of considerable amounts of coproporphyrin III with the feces, but no protoporphyrin, and occasionally increased urinary porphyrin as well as porphyrin precursors (PBG and/or ALA) in the urine, all the affected members except one were completely free from symptoms of porphyria during the four years the family was under observation. The only member of the family exhibiting symptoms had a mild attack of acute intermittent porphyria type, presumably provoked by barbiturates, accompanied by pyelonephritis and coli sepsis. She constantly excreted high amounts of coproporphyrin III in her feces and, periodically at least, increased coproporphyrin and slightly increased uroporphyrin with the urine. In most of her siblings the excretion was intermittent and in all of them it was considerably lower than in the patient, although highly elevated. Among the next generation the excretion was much lower. The observations support the concept of dominant inheritance.
ADAMS‐STOKES SEIZURES IN PATIENTS WITH ATTACKS OF BOTH TACHY‐ AND BRADYCARDIA, A THERAPEUTICAL CHALLENGE
Authors: Sandøe Erik , Flensted‐Jensen Ellen
Published: August 2010

Abstract The case histories of six patients with Adams‐Stokes seizures and attacks of tachy‐ and bradycardia are reported. Two patients were managed by pacemaker implantation alone, while three patients had to be treated with the combination of pacemaker and a beta‐receptor‐blocking drug. The necessity of continuous ECG supervision for diagnosis of the arrhythmias, for selection of proper therapy, and control during therapeutical trials is stressed.
HEREDITARY HEPATIC PORPHYRIAS
Authors: With Torben K.
Published: August 2010

Abstract On the basis of systematic family investigations of Danish porphyria patients through ten years, with recording in a card index, the gene penetration has been studied in different families. The suggestion of Waldenström that gene penetration might vary was confirmed, as some families had many manifest cases and a high number of latent cases excreting high concentrations of metabolites, while others had only one manifest case and few latent excretors with low metabolite concentration. Further, an intermediate status of different degrees exists as illustrated by Figs. 1–6. It is concluded that the large families with acute porphyria in Northern Sweden and with variegate porphyria in South Africa constitute extremes, the most frequent finding in other countries being families with considerably less pronounced gene penetration. Observations further suggest that the sensitivity to drugs—barbiturates etc.—as provocators of porphyric attacks varies with the gene penetration prevailing in the family; thus the risk of drug‐provoked attacks seems to be much higher in Sweden and South Africa than in Denmark. It is therefore an important point in the prophylaxis of the porphyric attack to study the family of every patient to get an impression of the gene penetration and drug sensitivity prevailing in that particular porphyric family. It is recommended that a “complete porphyrinological investigation” be performed in all porphyric patients as well as their close relatives—parents, siblings, children—i.e., screening tests for porphyrin in urine and faeces, supplemented by quantitative analyses if positive, and—last but not least—ion exchange chomatographic analysis for both porphobilinogen (PBG) and delta‐aminolaevulinic acid (ALA).

This should be done not only in acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) and variegate porphyria (VP), but also in hereditary coproporphyria (HCP) and hereditary porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT‐H). Examples from the Danish material are given. The findings indicate that the subdivisions between different forms of hereditary hepatic porphyrias are more or less artificial, as really every family constitutes its own form of porphyria. Even a rare form such as HCP varies profoundly from one family to another. The diagnostic values of systematic family investigations is exemplified and stressed.
GLYCOGEN CONTENT OF SKELETAL MUSCLE IN PATIENTS WITH RENAL FAILURE
Authors: Bergström Jonas , Hultman Eric
Published: August 2010

Abstract The glycogen content has been determined in needle biopsy specimens from the quadriceps femoris muscle in 21 patients with advanced, chronic renal failure, and in 12 patients with acute oliguric renal failure.

The muscle glycogen content was inappreciably decreased in only two patients with chronic renal failure; in all the others it was within the normal range. The mean value in patients with chronic renal failure did not differ significantly from that in normal experimental subjects, or in hospitalized non‐diabetic patients without renal disease.

All but two patients with acute oliguric renal failure had low muscle glycogen. The decrease was particularly marked in those patients whose renal failure had developed as a complication of major surgery. Both patients with normal muscle glycogen values had undergone dialysis.
PERNICIOUS ANAEMIA, PARAPROTEINAEMIA WITH UNUSUAL FEATURES, AND CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS
Authors: Kjeldsen Knud , Clausen Jørgen , Frøland Anders
Published: August 2010

Abstract A case of paraproteinaemia associated with pernicious anaemia is described. The patient's serum contained 2 M‐components (IgM and IgG), while the urine contained gamma‐globulin of the L‐chain type. All abnormal components belonged to type Kappa. Chromosome studies on blood cultures revealed a mosaic pattern, about one third of the cells having a karyotype identical to that found in Down's syndrome (trisomy of a small acrocentric chromosome), the remainder having a normal male constitution.
HYPERPYREXIA IN ASSOCIATION WITH ADMINISTRATION OF L‐ALPHA METHYLDOPA
Authors: Tallgren Leif G. , Servo Carita
Published: August 2010

AbstractTwo cases of hyperpyrexia associated with administration ofl‐alpha‐methyldopa are presented. Febrile reaction has been reported to bothd‐ andl‐isomers of methyldopa but true hyperpyrexia has occurred only with thel‐isomer. Previous attempts to obtain proof of an allergic reaction as a cause of hyperpyrexia have failed. In vitro studies were made of the leukocytes of one of the patients sensitized by administration ofl‐alpha‐methyldopa, which was also used as an antigenic agent in the experiment. The results suggest the possibility of toxic leukocytolysis as the causative mechanism underlying the hyperpyrexia.
CATECHOLAMINES AND METABOLISM OF HUMAN ADIPOSE TISSUE
Authors: Östman Jan , Efendić Suad , Arner Peter
Published: August 2010

AbstractLipolysis in human omental tissue incubated in glucose‐containing medium was determined by measuring glycerol release in the presence of different concentrations of noradrenaline and adrenaline. Almost identical responses were obtained with the two catecholamines: significant increases in the glycerol release were obtained when they were added at concentrations as small as 0.03 × 10−5M, and maximal lipolysis was produced at 0.3–3 × 10−5M. Noradrenaline as well as 10−2Mof theophylline‐induced increases in the glycerol release were well correlated with the basal glycerol release.

Maximal glycerol release obtained with theophylline (10−2M) was almost constantly six to eight times the basal glycerol release, whereas the lipolytic effect of noradrenaline was more variable and in no experiments exceeded significantly the theophylline effect. The results indicate that the formation of cyclic adenosine‐3′,5′‐monophosphate (3′,5′‐AMP) or some process between the adrenergic receptor and the adenyl cyclase system is rate‐limiting for the lipolytic response to noradrenaline. The data also suggest that variations in the lipolytic response to noradrenaline of adipose tissue removed from different subjects are principally caused by variations in the effect of noradrenaline on the formation of 3′,5′‐AMP.

The present material of 32 patients does not allow critical analysis of the possible influence of sex, age and bodyweight of the donors on the tissue response to noradrenaline. However, the data indicate that adipose tissue obtained from old subjects has less lipolytic response than such tissue from young subjects.
THE POSTURAL PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY RESPONSE IN ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION AND PRIMARY HYPERALDOSTERONISM
Authors: Nielsen Ingolf , Møller Inge
Published: August 2010

Abstract Supine and standing values of plasma renin activity (PRA) and colloid osmotic pressure (COP) were measured in 20 essential hypertensive patients, including five malignant cases, and in five patients with signs of primary hyperaldosteronism.

The groups were compared mutually and to 22 normal controls of corresponding age and sex.

Mean supine plasma renin activity (PRA) in essential benign hypertensives was significantly higher than normal. Mean supine PRA in malignant essential hypertensives was significantly higher than in benign essential hypertensives. Mean supine PRA in primary hyperaldosteronism was significantly lower than in benign essential hypertensives. In hypertensives with grade I‐III a significant linear correlation between Δplasma colloid osmatic pressure and ΔPRA appeared. The slope of the line was significantly less than the line for normal controls, signifying a lesser postural response of PRA in this group. In this respect there was no distinction between essential hypertensives and patients with primary hyperaldosteronism. The decreased postural PRA response is considered to be a sequel to the hypertensive state.
SIGNS OF URINARY‐TRACT INFECTION IN A HEALTH SURVEY OF FEMALE HOSPITAL EMPLOYEES
Authors: Larsson Sten Olle , Thysell Hans
Published: August 2010

Abstract A health survey has been made of urinary‐tract infection in 1346 female hospital employees. Pyuria in sediment of freshly voided urine was noted in 20% and found to be an unspecific symptom of urinary‐tract infection. Significant bacteriuria was recorded in 2.5% and pyelonephritis as defined was diagnosed in 1.6%.

Pyuria and bacteriuria were more common in divorced and widowed women than in the others. Women who had borne children had a higher frequency of pyuria than nulliparae. Pyelonephritis was diagnosed more frequently in women over 39 years old. A difference in the frequency of pyuria was noted between occupational groups and also between the personnel of a large somatic hospital and the personnel of a large mental hospital.
THE EFFECT OF MORPHINE ON BLOOD PRESSURE AND CARDIAC OUTPUT IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Grendahl Helge , Hansteen Viggo
Published: August 2010

Abstract A double blind investigation of the hypotensive effect of morphine in patients with uncomplicated myocardial infarction has been performed in 20 patients. Ten were given an intramuscular injection of 1.5 cg morphine sulphate and ten an injection of a placebo. Blood pressure was recorded with the patient lying flat in bed, head up, in an armchair position. A slight tendency to development of orthostatic hypotension was observed after the injection of morphine. Cardiac output was determined in five patients with uncomplicated myocardial infarction after the i.v. injection of 0.75 cg morphine sulphate. No marked fall in cardiac output was observed.
DIAMETER OF THE RENAL ARTERY AND KIDNEY FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH PARENCHYMATOUS RENAL DISEASE, RENAL ARTERY STENOSIS AND RENAL CARCINOMA
Authors: Ofstad Jarle , Gjersvik Thorolf , Kolsaker Leif
Published: August 2010

Abstract In 79 patients (50 with parenchymatous renal disease, 19 with unilateral stenosis of the main stem of the renal artery, and ten with renal carcinoma) the diameters of the renal arteries (Dra) were measured by renal arteriography, and the effective renal blood flow (ERBF), the inulin clearance (Cin), and the para‐amino‐hippuric acid clearance (CPAH) were measured by the split function technique.

In the patients with single renal arteries and parenchymatous renal disease positive, curvilinear covariations between ERBF, Cin, CPAH and Dra as well as D2ra were found. When the difference in function between the kidneys in the same individual (per cent of mean value) was correlated with the corresponding difference in Dra, significant, positive, linear covariations between ERBF, Cin, CPAH and Dra as well as D2ra, were found in patients with single renal arteries and parenchymatous renal disease. There was no correlation between the functional parameters and Dra in the kidneys with renal artery stenosis or renal carcinoma.

It seems that Dra is so closely related to the blood flow through the renal artery, when the variation of Dra is secondary to modifications in the parenchyma, that it can be used as approximate estimate of renal function.
A 7 S GAMMAGLOBULIN COMPLETELY NEUTRALIZING THE RHEUMATOID FACTOR MACROGLOBULIN
Authors: Svartz N. , Hedman S. , Söderberg O.
Published: August 2010

Abstract.From antiserum to the Rheumatoid factor, i.e. anti‐RF serum, an active principle completely neutralizing the Rheumatoid factor (RF) has been isolated. A method described in this paper was used for the isolation. The RF‐neutralizing fraction, which constitutes a part of the anti‐RF serum, was shown to be a 7 S globulin (γG or IgG), but of a special type. Its main property is the capacity of neutralizing the RF. This γG or IgG does not react with common anti‐γG. It would appear to be a new type of IgG which for the present is denominated IgR.
YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA INFECTION ASSOCIATED WITH BRUCELLA AGGLUTININS
Authors: Ahvonen P. , Sievers K.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The clinical pictures of 24 patients having high agglutinin titres against both Brucella abortus and Yersinia enterocolitica type IX are described. Clinical, serological and epidemiological evidence is presented suggesting that the causative agent is Yersinia enterocolitica type IX in the majority if not in all instances. Fever, diarrhoea and abdominal pain were the dominant symptoms. However, the series includes some atypical cases: one with Reiter's syndrome; one with signs resembling collagen diseases, but which could have been a septicaemic form of Yersinia enterocolitica infection; and one with recurrent fever and muscular pain resembling brucellosis or polymyalgia rheumatica.
JAUNDICE FOLLOWING SPLENECTOMY IN HODGKIN'S DISEASE
Authors: Bichel J. , Jensen K. Bjørn
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Splenectomy has been performed in five patients suffering from Hodgkin's disease. Four of the patients developed jaundice after the operation and died in what was considered hepatic coma. Autopsy was performed in three of the cases. The liver showed fatty degeneration in one case and necrotic changes in two others without signs of lymphogranulomatous infiltrations. The pathogenesis is discussed.
THE USE OF DEXTRAN AS A DIALYSING FLUID IN PERITONEAL DIALYSIS
Authors: Gjessing Jon
Published: August 2010

Abstract. With the use of 6% dextran solutions in saline as a dialysis fluid, a normal effect is observed with regard to extraction of nitrogenous products. The 6% dextran solution has a feeble dehydrating effect, and as a result of the lack of buffers there is no correction of acidosis. The clinical use of dextran solution for dialysis is mainly restricted to diabetic patients without acidosis and uraemic patients with abnormal carbohydrate metabolism. The dialysis should not be continued for long periods because of accumulation of dextran in the body. The composition of a new dialysing fluid is suggested.
IRON STORES IN ALCOHOL ABUSERS
Authors: Lundvall Ove , Weinfeld Aleksander
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Desferrioxamine (DF)‐induced urinary iron excretion has been determined in 58 male alcohol abusers and in 26 hematologically normal males. The mean DF‐induced iron excretion of the alcoholics was not different from that of the normal males. In eight alcoholics, however, the iron excretion was above the range of the normals. In 13 controls admitted for non‐acute upper abdominal operations there was a statistically significant correlation between liver iron concentration and DF‐induced iron excretion, but in 26 alcohol abusers no significant correlation was found. The iron excretion in the alcoholics usually exceeded the value predicted from the liver iron concentration. To elucidate this discrepancy the DF test was performed on admission and after an interval of 7–11 days in a group of alcoholics with a declining SGOT level. The DF‐induced iron excretion was lower at the time of the second test in 14 of 15 subjects. The higher DF‐induced iron excretion at the first test was probably due to liver cell injury. In five of the eight alcohol abusers with an iron excretion above the range of the controls, liver biopsy was performed and did not show increased storage iron. In two of the others there was a high SGOT level.
NUTRITION BY INTRAPERITONEAL FAT INFUSION
Authors: Lindqvist Bengt
Published: August 2010

Abstract. A fat solution (Intralipid®) was administered intraperitoneally, in 10%, 20%, or 40% solution, to severely ill patients for nutritional purposes. The fat infusions caused discomfort in 15 out of the 34 patients, but it was of a mild nature in all except those who had undergone peritoneal dialysis on the day before the infusion. Autopsy showed evidence of peritonitis in one patient; death was due to cerebral haemorrhage. In 12 cases no reactions of the peritoneum were seen at autopsy. The rate of fat absorption, estimated by a simple technique, averaged at the least 32 (0–80) g per day, which equals 290 small calories per day. This is too low a calorie supply to allow the method to be recommended for routine use in severely ill patients.
MURAMIDASE ACTIVITY OF BONE MARROW PLASMA
Authors: Hansen Niels Ebbe , Karle Hans , Andersen Vagn
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Among the cells of blood and bone marrow muramidase is found solely in neutrophil granulocytes and monocytes. With certain provisos, which are discussed, the extracellular muramidase activity seems to be valuable as an indicator of destruction especially of neutrophils.

Muramidase activity was measured in bone marrow plasma and peripheral plasma from fifteen patients with no haematological disorders. In all cases the activity of the bone marrow plasma exceeded the activity of plasma from peripheral blood, a finding suggestive of intramedullary destruction of myeloid cells under normal conditions. The excess activity in bone marrow plasma was, however, not great, probably reflecting that this intramedullary death of cells was taking place to a small extent only.

The same measurements were carried out in nine patients with granulocytopenia associated with various medical disorders. The results obtained indicate that muramidase determinations in blood and bone marrow plasma may be a useful tool in the classification of granulocytopenias in terms of decreased production, ineffective production, and increased peripheral destruction.
TREATMENT OF IMMUNOLOGIC DISEASES WITH CYTOSTATICS
Authors: Lorenzen Ib , Brun C. , Videbæk Aa.
Published: August 2010

Abstract.Cytostatic treatment has been given to 40 patients with immunologic diseases. Thirty‐one patients had connective tissue diseases, five patients primary renal disease, three immune hemolytic anemia and one patient bronchial asthma. Remission or improvement were obtained in 32 of the patients. Long‐term treatment was necessary, the average duration of the cytostatic therapy being 14 months, range from 3/2 to 50 months. Withdrawal of the cytostatic drug without flare‐up of the disease activity was possible only in 14 out of 32 patients in whom the cytostatic therapy had been efficient. In 22 out of 39 patients who had been on long‐term glucocorticoid medication, the steroid therapy could be permanently discontinued. A statistically significant fall was observed in serum gamma‐globulin, and the titer of rheumatoid factor and LE factor decreased in 23 out of 35 initially positive reactions. Four patients died from pancytopenia and sepsis. The treatment requires careful supervision of the patients and should only be given on strict indications.
BETA‐RECEPTOR BLOCKADE IN MAINTENANCE OF SINUS RHYTHM OBTAINED BY ELECTROCONVERSION
Authors: Hillestad Leif , Andersen Anders
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The effectiveness of beta‐receptor blockade as maintenance treatment of sinus rhythm obtained by electroconversion has been evaluated. Out of 98 consecutive patients with chronic atrial fibrillation 74 were converted and controlled at regular intervals. After three months only 27 of the 74 patients remained in sinus rhythm. This gives a maintenance rate of 36%.

It is concluded that maintenance treatment with beta‐receptor blockade is ineffective. This conclusion is discussed in the light of pharmacological effects of quinidine and beta‐receptor antagonists and of recent evidence on vagal stimuli as important for occurrence as well as persistence of atrial fibrillation.

The new beta‐receptor blocking agent H 56/28 (Aptin® from AB Hässle, Göteborg, Sweden) was employed in the study. Heart failure was provoked in a case of myocarditis. Bradycardia made it necessary to discontinue treatment with the agent in three additional patients. Aside from this no unwanted effects of H 56/28 were observed.
A REVIEW OF 191 PATIENTS WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION TREATED IN A SWEDISH CORONARY CARE UNIT
Authors: Isacsson S.‐O. , Westerlund A. , Wingstrand H.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The first Swedish Coronary Care Unit was opened in Borås in 1966 with six beds. During the first 17 months 191 patients with confirmed myocardial infarction have been treated. Of these, 72 (37.7%) have died. This is a high mortality rate compared with that of several other recently published series; but we consider that the difference is due partly to the fact that the figures refer to the first months that the department was in operation, and partly because other series consisted of selected patients. The immediate cause of death has been determined in each case. At this stage our impression is that, with adequate observation and early treatment of arrhythmias, unexpected circulatory arrest seldom occurs. At present, in almost all cases the cause of death is progressive cardiac failure.
II. SERUM LIPOPROTEIN PATTERN IN FAT EMBOLISM IN THE DOG
Authors: GUSTAFSON A. , KERSTELL J.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Quantitative and qualitative serum lipoprotein studies in the dog during fat embolisation did not reveal any major changes within the lipoprotein distribution, indicating that none of the lipoproteins participate as a source or transport vehicle for fat emboli material. An expected major participation by the HDL (high‐density lipoproteins) or α‐LP (α‐lipo‐proteins) in the transport of fat emboli material in the dog, cannot be confirmed by the present study.
VI. THE INFLUENCE OF INCREASED AND DECREASED PLASMA FREE FATTY ACIDS ON THE FORMATION AND COMPOSITION OF THE FAT EMBOLI IN THE DOG
Authors: HALLGREN B. , KERSTELL J. , RUDENSTAM C‐M. , SVANBORG A.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Previous observations in these series of studies in dogs with femoral fractures showed that pulmonary fat emboli have a triglyceride fatty acid composition similar to bone marrow fat.

The present study is concerned with the question as to whether the emboli are mechanically liberated from traumatized fat‐rich tissues or the result of increased mobilisation rate of free fatty acids, incorporated into triglycerides outside the adipose tissue.

Variations in the fatty acid level caused by the administration of norepinephrine or nicotinic acid did not influence the number of pulmonary fat emboli, the amount of emboli triglycerides or their fatty acid composition. No significant correlations were observed between the plasma FFA level and the number or amount of pulmonary fat emboli.

14C‐labelled fatty acids bound to albumin were infused during the experiments in 3 dogs simultaneously infused with norepinephrine. These fatty acids were not incorporated in the fat emboli.

These observations indicate that fat embolisation after fractures in dogs is due to a mechanical liberation of bone marrow fat and not to the rise in the rate of fatty acid mobilisation from the adipose tissue induced by the trauma.
METABOLISM AND DISTRIBUTION OF IgG IN PATIENTS CONFINED TO PROLONGED AND STRICT BED‐REST
Authors: Ahlinder Siv , Birke Gunnar , Norberg Renée , Plantin Lars‐Olof , Reizenstein Peter
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The metabolism of IgG has been studied in nine patients, who were on long‐term treatment in bed for cerebral damage and who were practically unable to move. The amount of circulating IgG was slightly increased, but IgG catabolism calculated by three methods—the U/P method, whole‐body counting, and Matthews' method—was significantly increased.

The extravascular distribution of IgG was increased and the extravascular/intravascular quotient was 2.0 and differed highly significantly from the quotient of 0.9 in healthy controls.

The cause of the increased metabolism of IgG and the altered distribution are discussed with special reference to the influence of posture on the results.
DIRECT CURRENT CONVERSION OF ATRIAL FLUTTER
Authors: Frithz Göran , Åberg Hans
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Atrial flutter was previously difficult to treat but is nowadays usually considered to be the arrhythmia most easily regularized by direct current treatment. In the study of a patient material consisting of 29 cases with atrial flutter this was verified as regards conversion frequency. On the other hand the occurrence of complications is remarkably high compared to those seen in the regularization of atrial fibrillation. Thus one case with asystole, six with nodal rhythm, which was further complicated in three cases, and one with supraventricular tachycardia of high frequency appeared in our series. It should be emphasized that these results must naturally be seen against the background of the often severe heart disease which provokes the flutter.
ONE YEAR'S EXPERIENCE OF MEDICAL INTENSIVE CARE UNITS
Authors: Skjæggestad Öyvind , Grendahl Helge , Hjermann Ingvar , Sivertssen Egil
Published: August 2010

Abstract. At Ullevaal Hospital the three medical departments have separate intensive care units which have been similarly designed and are similarly run. The units include 30–36 beds serving a total of about 300 medical beds. Equipment is available for simultaneous monitoring of 18 patients by a combination of bedside oscilloscopes and alarm systems and a central observation station.

In the first year a total of 1801 patients were treated in the units: 613 patients had acute myocardial infarction, 589 other heart diseases, 178 intoxication, 109 gastrointestinal hemorrhage, 114 acute or chronic respiratory failure, and the rest were observed for different reasons.

Of 613 patients with acute myocardial infarction 150 died (24%). Circulatory arrest occurred in 118 patients (21 survived), cardiogenic shock in 25 (6 survived) and pulmonary edema without cardiogenic shock in 42 (27 survived). Arrhythmias of clinical importance were recorded in 339 (55%) of the patients with acute myocardial infarction. A‐V block of second and third degree occurred in 60 patients (10%), 45 of whom were treated with pacemaker.

The first year's experience has proved the usefulness and value of these combined medical intensive care units. The most important advantages have been: 1) an effective and continuous round‐the‐clock observation; 2) a medical staff available at any time and well trained in the use of the specialized equipment needed for immediate treatment; and 3) a considerably improved opportunity to gain experience in the treatment of acutely ill medical patients.
A COMPARISON OF THE DIURETIC ACTION OF MERCAPTOMERIN, ETHACRYNIC ACID AND FUROSEMIDE IN CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
Authors: Olesen Knud H.
Published: August 2010

Abstract.The quantitative and qualitative effects of the diuretics ethacrynic acid, mercaptomerin and furosemide have been compared in 24 patients with congestive heart failure. The statistical design of the study permitted an unbiased comparison of drug effects separate from the effects of different patients and of varying sequence of administration of diuretics.

In terms of quantitative effects the study revealed that in programme I, including twelve patients, furosemide (80 mg orally) appeared to be the superior diuretic in comparison with mercaptomerin (125 mg (= 1 ml) intramuscularly) and ethacrynic acid (100 mg orally). In programme II, comprising twelve patients, both furosemide (160 mg) and ethacrynic acid (200 mg orally) had a greater diuretic effect than mercaptomerin (250 mg (= 2 ml) intramuscularly). Metabolic alkalosis had a significant adverse influence upon the response to mercaptomerin, but did not affect the action of the oral drugs.

With regard to qualitative effects it was found that ethacrynic acid and furosemide tended to promote a lower negative free water clearance than mercaptomerin, but statistically significant differences did not occur. The potassium excretion was lower after mercaptomerin than after the two oral diuretics, even when the level of sodium excretion was taken into account. Accordingly, the mean serum potassium levels changed less after mercaptomerin than after ethacrynic acid and furosemide. However, the range of variations was large after all diuretics, and a marked reduction of serum potassium was also a risk after mercaptomerin.

It is concluded that furosemide and ethacrynic acid in larger doses are more effective diuretics than mercaptomerin when pretreatment with acidifying drugs is not used, and that the qualitative differences between the actions of the drugs are not of such clinical significance that they will severely influence the choice of drug.
STUDIES IN URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS
Authors: Mabeck C. E.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Maximum urine concentrating ability (MCA) has been determined after the administration of vasopressin tannate in oil and found to be over 800 mOsm/kg in 26 of 28 normal subjects. Subnormal MCA was demonstrated in 93 of 157 bacteriuric women between the ages of 16 and 65. Impairment of MCA was positively correlated with clinical symptoms of acute pyelonephritis (fever and flank pain), and with a raised coli antibody litre. In 115 of the patients MCA was determined again after five to twelve months. In 34% MCA had improved by more than 25%. The assumption that this indicates acute pyelonephritis was supported by the presence of other signs of acute pyelonephritis in most of these patients in contrast to the patients who maintained a normal MCA during he observation period. It should be noted that not only Gram‐negative rods, but also coagulasenegative staphylococci, may cause acute pyelonephritis. The recurrence rate was nearly the same in patients with normal and in patients with impaired MCA before treatment, but it was significantly higher among patients in whom MCA remained low or deteriorated during the observation period than in patients whose MCA remained normal or showed improvement.
TOTAL HAEMOGLOBIN AND PHYSICAL WORK CAPACITY IN ELDERLY PEOPLE
Authors: Ericsson Per
Published: August 2010

Abstract. For a series of clinical healthy subjects of ages 57–71 years, who were considered to fulfil reasonable criteria for representation of the total population, the results are reported of total haemoglobin, blood volume and haemoglobin concentrations, with comparisons between the sexes. Difficulties in calculation of normal values for total haemoglobin and blood volume are discussed. Studies on the relationship between these variables and measures of physical work capacity were made. Results partly deviating from those reported in earlier investigations were obtained. Thus in women no correlation was found between total haemoglobin and blood volume, respectively, and measures of physical work capacity. Possible reasons for this are discussed.
ATYPICAL CASE HISTORIES AND ELECTROCARDIOGRAMS IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTIONS
Authors: Erikssen Jan , Müller Carsten , Anderssen J. Norman
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The case histories and ECGs of 215 patients with a diagnosis of recent myocardial infarction have been examined with special reference to atypical findings. One hundred and seventy‐six had their first infarction, while 39 had had at least one myocardial infarction previously. Sixty‐eight per cent had typical and thirty‐two per cent atypical ECGs according to accepted criteria. The different non‐diagnostic ECG patterns are summarized, showing that 40% had ST‐T changes as the main change, 17% unchanged Q‐wave pattern from previously known myocardial infarctions, and 21% the R/S pattern of Perloff (19). It is suggested that patients with this R/S pattern (in the absence of pitfalls of Perloff) should be considered to have strictly posterior myocardial infarctions. The inclusion of these patients would increase the diagnostic score from 68% to 75% in the present study. No patient had a completely normal ECG. Discussion of some simple, general ECG principles shows that one can never expect to diagnose more than a certain number of recent myocardial infarctions in the ECG. The most common reasons for the ECG being non‐diagnostic of myocardial infarction are summarized. It is also stressed that Q‐wave patterns are not always diagnostic of myocardial infarctions, as they may also be seen in other, more rare forms of heart disease, probably most often in primary myocardial disease. Ten per cent had atypical case histories, and the different presenting symptoms are summarized. Thorough examination of patients with such symptoms with special reference to possible myocardial infarction as the underlying cause may disclose a certain number of recent myocardial infarctions which would otherwise have been overlooked.
FAILURE OF CONVERSION OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Åberg Hans
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Up to 1969 there were in the Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Uppsala, 42 patients who failed to convert from atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm in the countershock procedure. It has not been possible to separate this series of patients from a reference material as regards the fibrillatory wave size.
MICROSCOPICAL HAEMATURIA AFTER INJECTION OF HEPARIN
Authors: Christiansen J. , Lafvas I. , Lindqvist B.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The number of red cells per field of vision in fresh urinary sediment was counted before and two hours after intravenous injection of heparin, 200 units per kg body weight, in 31 healthy subjects and 370 patients with diseases of the kidneys or urinary tract. After the injection a distinct increase of the red‐cell count in the urinary sediment was noted, commonly (about 50%) in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis or nephrolithiasis, less commonly in patients with collagen diseases, cysts, sarcoidosis or tumours, and still less commonly in patients with chronic pyelonephritis, lower urinary tract infection, proteinuria of obscure origin, or essential hypertension. In healthy subjects heparin injection was followed only by a slight increase of the red‐cell count in the urine. Because of its low specificity the heparin test is suitable only as a screening test, most appropriately in the investigation of ambulatory patients who are found to have proteinuria or hypertension without haematuria, as a means of detecting evidence of glomerular disease. Because of the great variations in the excretion of red cells in patients with haematuria and of the technical errors in the counting of red cells, particularly in urinary sediment, the test is less suitable for investigation of patients with microscopical haematuria. However, in these cases the heparin test seems to be of value in assessing whether a glomerular disease is decreasing or increasing in intensity. The number of red blood corpuscles in the urine should be counted by using uncentrifuged urine.
A SLOW MOVING PRE‐β‐LIPOPROTEIN BAND IN SERUM
Authors: Wille L. E.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. On studying blood lipids in diabetics one of the patients showed an abnormal pre‐β‐band with slow electrophoretic mobility. This was observed with a number of paper electrophoretic techniques and was also found after ultracentrifugation of the serum. This type of slow moving pre‐β‐band on paper electrophoresis has not previously been reported. The abnormal pre‐β‐band was present even though the serum triglycerides were also normal.
PNEUMOCOCCAL SEPSIS WITH GENERALISED SHWARTZMAN REACTION
Authors: Cronberg Stig , Nilsson Inga Marie
Published: August 2010

Abstract. A patient in hospital developed acute pneumococcal sepsis during which lesions typical of the generalised Shwartzman reaction appeared. The patient went into shock, showed signs of respiratory distress, she had haemorrhagic necrosis of the skin and transient anuria but ultimately recovered. Detailed investigation of the haemostatic and fibrinolytic systems revealed rapid consumption of platelets, decreased prothrombin and factor V, and a large increase of fibrinolytic split products.
PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY AFTER ALLOGENIC KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION IN MAN
Authors: Nielsen Ingolf , Clausen Ebba , Jensen Gorm
Published: August 2010

Abstract. In ten patients who had received an allogenic kidney graft, plasma renin activity (PRA) and creatinine clearance have been followed by consecutive measurements in the first few months after transplantation, especially during the first month. PRA attained a maximum value within the first days after transplantation, and then stabilized on a lower value. With a few exceptions PRA remained within normal range. No correlation was observed between PRA and fluctuations in creatinine clearance. None of the patients showed a clearcut rejection crisis, and when slight signs of rejection appeared, no increase in PRA was observed. In five of the ten patients PRA was measured in supine and standing position, about one month after transplantation. There was a significant PRA increase, but the increase was less pronounced than in normal subjects.
HEMODYNAMIC RESPONSES TO OXYGEN BREATHING AND THE EFFECT OF PHARMACOLOGICAL BLOCKADE
Authors: Andersen Anders , Hillestad Leif
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Breathing of 100% oxygen at 1 atmosphere for 20 min in healthy subjects produces consistent cardiac depression and vasoconstriction. These adverse hemodynamic effects abolish the expected rise in general and regional oxygen transport. Pharmacological blockade of various types proved phenoxy‐benzamine and atropine to be the only agents effective in preventing cardiac depression. An increase of total oxygen transport thereby occurred. In contrast vasoconstriction and blood pressure rise followed oxygen breathing irrespective of the type of pharmacological blockade applied. Consequently regional oxygen transport remained unaltered. The study provides evidence that cardiac depression and vasoconstriction as precipitated by oxygen breathing are separate and independent effects and that both are mediated via metabolic pathways.
HISTAMINE STIMULATION OF GASTRIC INTRINSIC FACTOR SECRETION
Authors: Rødbro P.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The effect of histamine (subcutaneously or intravenously) on the gastric intrinsic factor (IF) secretion has been studied. The hourly IF output after subcutaneous histamine was correlated with the hourly outputs after intravenous histamine and with the hourly outputs after insulin and tetragastrin stimulation. It is concluded that the hourly IF output after 40 μg histamine diphosphate per kg body weight subcutaneously can be applied as a physiologically relevant parameter of the IF secretory capacity.
THE INTRINSIC FACTOR SECRETION IN LOCALIZED GASTRIC DISORDERS
Authors: Rødbro P.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. By means of radioimmunoassay the gastric secretion of intrinsic factor (IF) has been measured in 228 subjects, comprising 65 duodenal ulcer patients, 50 patients with gastric ulcer, 25 patients with gastric carcinoma, 35 patients with Addisonian pernicious anaemia, and 53 control subjects. The IF secretion in kilo‐units (KU) in the first hour after augmented histamine stimulation was taken as parameter of the gastric IF secretory capacity. One KU = the amount of IF that binds one μg vitamin B12. Mean ± S.D. (in KU/h) was (number of subjects in parentheses): male controls (25) 17.4 ± 6.8, female controls (28) 13.7 ± 5.1, males, duodenal ulcer (56) 28.2± 8.7, females, duodenal ulcer (9) 18.0 ± 5.2, males, corpus ulcer (13) 11.2 ± 4.8, females, corpus ulcer (17) 12.7 ± 5.5, males, prepyloric ulcer (13) 16.8 ± 5.0, females, prepyloric ulcer (7) 18.6 ± 5.0. The IF secretion in the 25 gastric cancer patients ranged from 0.1 to 28.2 KU/h, and was below 8.5 in 22 patients. The IF secretion in the 35 patients with pernicious anaemia was in all cases below 0.2 KU/h. As the daily need for IF is 2–4 KU, it is concluded that in subjects with a normal gastric mucosa the IF secretory capacity is abundant in relation to the need for IF.
FINE‐NEEDLE ASPIRATION BIOPSY FOR CYTODIAGNOSIS OF MALIGNANT TUMOUR IN THE LIVER
Authors: Lundquist Alf
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The accuracy of fine‐needle aspiration biopsy and cytodiagnosis in the detection of intrahepatic malignant tumours is evaluated. In a material of 1 748 biopsies, performed on varying and very wide indications, intrahepatic malignancy was diagnosed in 57 patients. Later, in 39 of these, cancer was histologically proved. There was no false positive cytodiagnosis of cancer. Fine‐needle puncture detected about the same percentage of tumours as did angiography and scintigraphy. The method proved safe, simple and reliable for diagnosing intrahepatic cancer. It can be used either as an independent screening method for the detection of liver tumours, or for cytological analysis of localized foci detected by palpation, angiography, or scintigraphy. It is not invalidated by the hazards reported for conventional punch‐needle biopsy when used in tumour‐suspected cases.
TETANUS ANTITOXIN PRODUCTION AND GAMMA GLOBULIN LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER
Authors: Bjørneboe M. , Jensen K. B. , Scheibel I. , Thomsen A. Chr. , Bentzon M. Weis
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Antibody response to tetanus toxoid in patients with hepatic cirrhosis and in controls has been compared. No significant difference can be demonstrated. The antibody responses in twenty‐four patients with hepatic cirrhosis are compared with the serum concentrations of γG, γA and γM at the time of the second injection. No relationship can be demonstrated between antibody response and gamma globulin level. These results would favor the hypothesis that the high gamma globulin concentration found in hepatic cirrhosis is not due to an increased immunologic potential, but rather to an increased antigenic influence.