bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated water resource planning in the context of climate uncertainty
Authors: Fane S. , Turner A.
Published: September 2010

In many locations, climate change may significantly reduce urban water supplies and could also affect water demand. With uncertainty around future climate, supply-demand planning needs to adapt. This paper addresses the question: How does climate change alter Integrated Resource Planning (IRP) for urban water? The paper covers the setting of planning objectives in the face of climate change, assessing the impacts of climate change on urban water supply and water demand, and considers the available responses. While climate change represents a major challenge for urban water planning it also reinforces key principles of IRP such as adaptive management, the central role of water conservation and need for public engagement in water planning.
Cleaner production to drive water efficiency
Authors: Lenihan Vanessa
Published: September 2010

South East Water Limited (SEWL) commenced the cleaner production program in 2006. The program has allowed SEWL to engage with industrial customers to reduce Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), colour and heavy metals. It has also had the benefit of reducing water consumption. The holistic approach to water saving projects has allowed a better understanding of the actual pay back on projects. In addition to this work, the Smart Water Fund commissioned a review of industrial ecology opportunities for Melbourne. This project was completed in 2008. The paper outlines the project outcomes and how it has been embedded in the cleaner production program at South East Water.
Monochloramine and total haloamine decay after a short prechlorination time in the presence of bromide
Authors: Alsulaili A. , Speitel G. E. , Katz L. E.
Published: September 2010

The Chlorine-Ammonia Process was developed recently as a preoxidation process to minimize the formation of bromate during ozonation of the waters containing a significant bromide concentration. Chlorine is added first followed by ammonia 5–10 minutes later, with the goal of sequestering bromide in monobromamine during the subsequent ozonation step. The goal of this research was to improve the Chlorine-Ammonia Process by introducing a very short prechlorination step (i.e. 30 seconds before addition of ammonia) to minimize overall disinfection by-product formation. Also, in this strategy, formation of a powerful halogenating agent, HOBr, is minimized and bromochloramine (NHClBr) is used predominantly instead of monobromamine to sequester bromide during ozonation. To support this improved approach to bromide sequestration, this study examined the formation and decay of bromochloramine as a function of operating conditions, such as pH and Cl2:N ratio, and refined a chemical kinetic model to predict haloamine concentrations over time.
Synthesis and characterization of semi-interpenetrating networks of chitosan and poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)
Authors: Milosavljevic Nedeljko , Filipovic Jovanka , Kalagasidis-Krusic Melina
Published: September 2010

A semi-interpenetrating networks (semi-IPNs) based on chitosan and
poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) were prepared in order to achieve better
mechanical properties. The samples were characterized by FTIR, SEM, DMA
analysis and the swelling behavior at different pHs (2.0-8.0). The semi-IPNs
composition was found to have a great impact the hydrogel structure,
mechanical properties, morphology and swelling kinetics. The gels
demonstrated substantial change in buffer absorbency with the change of pH,
high for acid buffers and lower for pH values above 6 where the swelling was
considerably slow. Incorporation of PVP led to better mechanical strength of
semi-IPNs keeping satisfactory degree of swelling which make them suitable
for various applications.
A preliminary study on the plankton assemblages of Lough Derg (Ireland) during a winter-spring season
Authors: Pociecha Agnieszka , Higgins Tara , McCarthy Kieran
Published: September 2010

During a winter-spring season, physicochemical variables and plankton dynamics were studied in Lough Derg (Ireland). Samples were collected monthly from three water layers (surface, middle and bottom) at a deep central sampling point on the lake. As expected, phyto- and zooplankton densities and chlorophyll a concentrations were low during the study period, probably reflecting low temperatures and wind-driven turbulence typical of the winter-spring period. Diatoms and rotifers were the most abundant phyto- and zooplankton groups, respectively.
Functioning of the Lake Rusałka ecosystem in Poznań (western Poland)
Authors: Gołdyn Ryszard , Podsiadłowski Stanisław , Kowalczewska-Madura Katarzyna , Dondajewska Renata , Szeląg-Wasielewska Elżbieta , Budzyńska Agnieszka , Domek Piotr , Romanowicz-Brzozowska Wanda
Published: September 2010

Functioning of the Lake Rusałka ecosystem in Poznań (western Poland)

Lake Rusałka is a shallow, artificial, strongly eutrophic reservoir. Thermal stratification is weak and comprises only about 8% of the bottom surface. In summer, the epilimnion is oversaturated with oxygen due to intensive phytoplankton growth (chlorophyll a up to 80.2 μg l-1), while conditions in the hypolimnion are anaerobic. The high concentration of ammonium nitrogen and low N:P ratio stimulated intense growth of cyanobacteria in the period from June to November. The domination of rotifers in the metazooplankton and low diversity and biomass of benthic macroinvertebrates was the cause of low top-down pressure of these organisms on the phytoplankton. The most advantageous restoration measures were identified to improve water quality and make the recreational use of the lake possible.
Models of phosphorus turn-over in a hypertrophic lake: the Lake Swarzędzkie case study
Authors: Kowalczewska-Madura Katarzyna , Gołdyn Ryszard
Published: September 2010

Phosphorus cycling between components of the ecosystem of the hypertrophic Lake Swarzędzkie was studied in 2000-2003. The results of this study revealed considerable seasonal variation in phosphorus cycling. The main sources of phosphorus load in winter were the tributaries, whereas in summer internal loading prevailed. However, the most effective source of SRP (soluble reactive phosphorus) for phytoplankton primary production in summer was its excretion by organisms from the microbial loop. The share of this source in the total phosphorus pool was 38%, whereas internal loading contributed 23.7%, external loading 16.3%, and regeneration by metazooplankton 22%. This exerted a significant influence on the functioning of the whole lake ecosystem. Limiting both external and internal phosphorus loading is recommended to facilitate water quality improvement in the lake.
Diel dynamics of vertical changes of chlorophyll and bacteriochlorophyll in small humic lakes
Authors: Joniak Tomasz , Klimaszyk Piotr , Kraska Marek
Published: September 2010

The diel variability of algal and bacterial chlorophyll and the physicochemical parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, transparency) in the vertical profile of three mid-forest humic lakes in Drawa National Park (northwest Poland) were analyzed in summer. The euphotic zone consisted of the smaller part of the water column in poly- and mesohumic lakes but almost the whole water column of the oligohumic lake. The 24-hour dynamics of chlorophyll a and bacteriochlorophyll d+e in poly- and mesohumic lake was significantly smaller than that in the polyhumic lake. The maximum concentrations of chlorophyll a and bacteriochlorophyll d+e were observed near the bottom border or below the euphotic zone in waters with oxygen deficits and containing sulfur hydrogen. The main producers of chlorophyll in meso- and oligohumic lake were green anaerobic sulphuric bacteria.
Ultrasound Assessment of the Tibialis Posterior Tendon
Authors: Neville Christopher , Meyers Kelly , Hojnowski Leonard
Published: September 2010

The patient was a 52-year-old woman with a chief complaint of left medial foot and ankle pain for the past 12 months that was of an insidious nature and on a worsening trend. High-frequency ultrasound was used to measure and assess the integrity of the tibialis posterior tendon and potentially provide further insight into the source of the symptoms. Examination of the left involved tibialis posterior tendon revealed gross abnormality with tendon enlargement, disruption in tendon structure, and fluid surrounding the tendon. The patient was subsequently diagnosed with left stage II (flexible flatfoot deformity) posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. The initial intervention included the use of an orthotic device designed, in theory, to address both the inflammatory and degenerative processes by unloading the tibialis posterior tendon and applying compression to the ankle. The goal, following a decrease in pain and acute inflammation, was to encourage tibialis posterior tendon loading through targeted progressive therapeutic exercise.

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(10):667. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.0417
Lasers, photon statistics, photon-correlation spectroscopy and subsequent applications
Authors: Pike Roy
Published: September 2010

A review is given of developments in the theory and application of the quantum statistics of visible-light photons, particularly of scattered laser light, over the fifty years since Maiman’s publication of the first working laser. Some introductory pre-laser historical background to photon statistics is included and details are given of research and commercial developments in the field conducted in the author’s laboratory in the UK over the period. The resulting emergence of photon statistics and photon-correlation spectroscopy as widely used techniques for non-invasive measurements of diffusion and velocity in many present-day areas of science and industry is described.
The Use of Tricortical Autograft Versus Allograft in Lateral Column Lengthening for Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity: An Analysis of Union Rates and Complications
Authors: Grier Kathleen M. , Walling Arthur K.
Published: September 2010

Background: The management of adult acquired flatfoot is an evolving practice with the optimal lateral column lengthening procedure still left to considerable debate. The usual choices include lengthening with the use of autograft or allograft through a calcaneocuboid lengthening arthrodesis or Evans’ calcaneal lengthening osteotomy. To our knowledge there is only one other study comparing autograft to allograft in adult lateral column lengthening procedures. 9 The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences with regard to union rates and complications when comparing the use of iliac tricortical autograft versus iliac tricortical allograft supplemented with platelet rich plasma (PRP) in adult acquired flatfoot lateral column lengthening procedures. Materials and Methods: The charts and radiographs of 49 patients (51 feet) were evaluated. Twenty total procedures were performed using iliac tricortical autograft and 31 procedures were performed using iliac tricortical allograft with PRP. Results: Successful union was achieved in 14 of 20 (70%) autograft procedures and 29 of 31 (94%) allograft procedures. Thirteen of 20 (65%) of the autograft group and 11 of 31 (35%) of the allograft group had a documented complication other than nonunion. Average length of hospital stay for patients who had procedures using autograft was 3.6 days and those who had allograft was 2.5 days. The average charge for those receiving allograft with PRP, including hospital stay, was roughly $2,500 more than those receiving an autograft procedure. Conclusion: Although the numbers were small, we believe that equivalent if not better healing and complication rates are possible with the use of allograft with PRP versus autograft for lateral column lengthening procedures while allowing for similar correction of deformity.

Level of Evidence: III, Case Control Study
Partial Avascular Necrosis After Talar Neck Fracture
Authors: Babu Nina , Schuberth John M.
Published: September 2010

Background: Recently, it has been shown that avascular necrosis of the talus can occur in only a portion of the talar body. There is little information regarding the geographic location of the avascular segment and the clinical significance of an incomplete avascular process. Methods: Seven patients with partial avascular necrosis after Hawkins type II or III fracture dislocations were evaluated with magnetic resonance scans. The precise anatomic location of the avascular segment was determined and assigned to a specific quadrant of the talar body. The operative exposure, incidence of collapse, and time to operative intervention was recorded. Results: The avascular segment of the talar body was located predominantly in the anterior lateral and superior portion in six of the seven patients. Collapse occurred in three of the patients in the area of avascular process. There were no observable trends with regard to operative exposure, Hawkins classification, incidence of collapse, or time to operative intervention to the location of the avascular segment. Conclusion: Partial avascular necrosis can occur after fracture dislocation of the talus. The predominant location of the avascular segment was the anterior lateral and superior portion of the talar body. This observation corresponds to regional damage to the blood supply of the talus and may help clarify the pathogenesis of partial avascular process.

Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series
Repair of Insertional Achilles Tendinosis With a Bone-Quadriceps Tendon Graft
Authors: Philippot Remi , Wegrzyn Julien , Grosclaude Sophie , Besse Jean Luc
Published: September 2010

Background: While conservative treatment may be successful in most cases, partial rupture at the calcaneal insertion point is a significant concern with insertional Achilles tendinopathy. We report on the outcomes of a surgical technique for Achilles tendon augmentation using a bone-tendon graft harvested from the knee extensor system. Materials and Methods: Our retrospective case series includes 25 surgical procedures performed in 24 patients, 19 males and five females, with a mean age of 47 (range, 30 to 59) years, 18 of whom were athletes. The mean followup period was 52 (range, 12 to 156) months. All patients underwent MRI examination prior to surgery which showed partial Achilles tendon rupture. The Achilles tendon was debrided through a posterolateral approach. The bone-quadriceps tendon graft was harvested, then the bone plug of the graft was inserted into a blind tunnel drilled into the calcaneus and fixed with an interference screw. The fibers of the quadriceps tendon were sutured to the residual part of the Achilles tendon with the foot at an angle of 90 degrees. Results: Patients were able to resume their sporting activity after an average of 6.7 months. At last followup examination, physical activity was scored 5.2 on the 10-point Tegner Scale; the mean AOFAS score was 98.4. MRI examination showed good graft integration 1 year postoperatively. Conclusion: The bone-quadriceps tendon grafting technique was a good alternative for the insertional Achilles lesions with partial detachment which we felt required augmentation.

Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series
Radiographic Analysis of Metatarsus Primus Elevatus and Hallux Rigidus
Authors: Bouaicha Samy , Ehrmann Christine , Moor Beat K. , Maquieira Gerardo J. , Espinosa Norman
Published: September 2010

Background: Controversy exists about the role of metatarsus primus elevatus (MPE) in the presence of hallux rigidus. Previous studies could neither confirm nor reject a causative relationship. Measurement of the true elevation of the first metatarsal according to current techniques lack either precision or accuracy or both. The purpose of this study was to assess MPE by means of a new radiographic measurement method and to analyze how the MPE-values differed among hallux rigidus, hallux valgus and control groups. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was performed of standing AP and lateral radiographs of 295 feet (221 patients; average age 54 years) randomly selected from our databank. According to general radiographic and clinical criteria, 99 were defined as hallux rigidus. Ninety-nine feet had a hallux valgus deformity without severe arthritis. Ninety-seven radiographs with normal MP-I joints and no other forefoot deformity served as a control group. The elevation of the first metatarsal bone in relation to the second metatarsal (MPE), the first metatarsopahlangeal dorsiflexion angle (DFA), the hallux valgus angle (HVA), the intermetatarsal angle (IMA), the interphalangeal angle (IPA) and the degeneration of the first metatarsophalangeal joint were measured. Three independent raters were involved to assess the inter-rater reliability of a new MPE measurement method. For statistic analyses, ANOVA testing was used. Results: MPE was significantly greater in patients with hallux rigidus (+5.2 mm; 95% CI: 4.7 to 5.7) when compared with hallux valgus (+2.8 mm; 95% CI: 2.2 to 3.4) or the control group (+2.6; 95% CI: 2.0–3.2; p < 0.0001). The DFA was found to be significantly lower in the hallux rigidus group (9 degrees; 95% CI: 8 to 10) when compared with those measured in the hallux valgus (14 degrees; 95% CI: 13 to 16) and control groups (11 degrees; 95% CI: 10 to 12; p < 0.0001). There was a no correlation found between MPE and osteoarthritis at MP-I joint ( r = 0.35; p < 0.0001). A moderate correlation was found between increasing MPE and decreasing DFA ( r = 0.5; p < 0.0001). The inter-rater reliability of the MPE measurement method was found to be accurate and reproducible ( r = 0.9; p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Based on the findings in this study, an MPE greater than 5 mm could be considered a predictive factor in the presence of hallux rigidus. However, the mechanism of MPE has yet to be determined.

Level of Evidence: III, Case Control Series
Relationship Between Explosive Muscle Strength and Medial Longitudinal Arch of the Foot
Authors: Lizis Pawel , Posadzki Paul , Smith Toby
Published: September 2010

Background: There has been a suggested link between muscle strength and arch type of the foot. However, a distinct cause and effect dependence has yet to be established. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes from selected explosive strength tests with different arch heights. Material and Methods: The medial longitudinal arch (MLA) was measured using a Clarke's angle method. Five hundred seventy-four subjects ( n = 574) participated in this study and were divided into three arch height groups and three muscle strength groups, respectively. To evaluate the association between longitudinal arch of the foot with the explosive power of lower limb muscles, Chi-square (χ 2 ) test was used. Results: Arch heights were not significantly related to explosive muscle strength. Conclusions: Arch measurement was ineffective in accounting for the observed variability in the explosive strength among young adults. Clinical Relevance: This data may be useful in evaluating patients with painful flat feet and any strength deficits they may have.
The Use of the Mortise View of the Ankle to Determine Hindfoot Alignment: Technique Tip
Authors: Min William , Sanders Roy
Published: September 2010

Level of Evidence: V, Expert Opinion
Breast Cancer: Surgery at the South Egypt Cancer Institute
Authors: Salem Ahmed A.S. , Salem Mohamed Abou Elmagd , Abbass Hamza
Published: September 2010

Breast cancer is the most frequent malignant tumor in women worldwide. In Egypt, it is the most common cancer among women, representing 18.9% of total cancer cases (35.1% in women and 2.2% in men) among the Egypt National Cancer Institute’s (NCI) series of 10,556 patients during the year 2001, with an age-adjusted rate of 49.6 per 100,000 people. In this study, the data of all breast cancer patients presented to the surgical department of the South Egypt cancer Institute (SECI) hospital during the period from Janurary 2001 to December 2008 were reviewed .We report the progress of the availability of breast cancer management and evaluation of the quality of care delivered to breast cancer patients. The total number of patients with a breast lump presented to the SECI during the study period was 1,463 patients (32 males and 1431 females); 616 patients from the total number were admitted at the surgical department .There was a decline in advanced cases. Since 2001, facilities for all lines of comprehensive management have been made accessible for all patients. We found that better management could lead to earlier presentation, and better overall outcome in breast cancer patients.The incidence is steadily increasing with a tendency for breast cancer to occur in younger age groups and with advanced stages.
Calcium Phosphate Bone Cements Including Sugar Surfactants: Part One—Porosity, Setting Times and Compressive Strength
Authors: Bercier Ariane , Gonçalves Stéphane , Lignon Olivier , Fitremann Juliette
Published: September 2010

Addition of sugar surfactants, sucrose fatty acid esters and alkylpolyglucosides, to calcium phosphate cement designed for bone reconstruction is described. Thanks to their surface activity and through their adsorption at the surface of the calcium phosphate particles, they both induced a strong increase in the porosity (quantified by Image Analysis) and brought a very good workability. Other properties typically studied for these cements are reported, including setting times, compressive strength, cohesion in water, and effect of sterilization on these properties. The whole study brought good insight in the interest of adding these mild surfactants to improve several properties of the calcium phosphate cement, without impairing their function.
Virtual Sustainability
Authors: Sims Bainbridge William
Published: September 2010

In four ways, massively multiplayer online role-playing games may serve as tools for advancing sustainability goals, and as laboratories for developing alternatives to current social arrangements that have implications for the natural environment. First, by moving conspicuous consumption and other usually costly status competitions into virtual environments, these virtual worlds might reduce the need for physical resources. Second, they provide training that could prepare individuals to be teleworkers, and develop or demonstrate methods for using information technology to replace much transportation technology, notably in commuting. Third, virtual worlds and online games build international cooperation, even blending national cultures, thereby inching us toward not only the world consciousness needed for international agreements about the environment, but also toward non-spatial government that cuts across archaic nationalisms. Finally, realizing the potential social benefits of this new technology may urge us to reconsider a number of traditional societal institutions.
Modes d'apprentissage et formes de savoirs. Une comparaison police-douanes en France
Authors: Duprez Dominique
Published: September 2010

The article reflects on the apprenticeship period and modes of reasoning and expertise of the Police aux frontières (PAF - the border police) and customs, based on qualitative research using informal interviews and observation. An initial period of research revealed specific professional cultures in the two organisations. The author distinguishes different forms of interactions relating to foreigners between the police and customs, including the particular professional ethic of customs in which the war against drugs is seen as a national priority. Analysis of life history interviews underlines the power of early socialisation to affect professional practice. A typological analysis, however, identifies three areas common to both police and customs which transend to some extent the modes of professional knowledge.
Lectura y ciencia literaria en Dámaso Alonso
Authors: Rincón Carlos
Published: September 2010

Dentro de la renovación contemporánea de la teoría de la literatura, la hispanística se caracteriza por no haber realizado todavía la necesaria crítica del positivismo, las ciencias del espíritu y las variantes de la interpretación idealista que se despliegan hoy en un pluralismo metodológico. Dado su valor sintomático, la concepción de la lectura de D. Alonso, fundador de la Escuela estilística española, la cual remite a un concepto de la ciencia de la literatura y de la literatura misma, es objeto de un análisis crítico que la sitúa dentro de la historia de los métodos, como una contribución a esa discusión aplazada hasta ahora.
Sur un journal de voyage dans l'Amérique méridionale au début du XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Duviols J.-P.
Published: September 2010

Edición de un diario de navegación a África y al Río de la Plata en 1708. Este documento, con un mapa original, es un valioso testimonio sobre la trata de negros desde las costas de Guinea a la América meridional y también una interesante evocación de Buenos Aires con datos precisos referentes a la población y al comercio del Río de la Plata a principios del siglo xvm.
Au jardin des ombres
Authors: Aubrun Charles Vincent
Published: September 2010

Comme Barbey dans Le chevalier Destouches, Valle raconte des souvenirs de son enfance dans l'optique de l'enfance, mais avec un métier d'homme de lettres bien de son temps. Les dix-sept récits, plus ou moins mêlés d'éléments dramatiques et d'ornements lyriques, évoquent ou rapportent des épisodes des guerres carlistes, auxquels l'artiste (non plus que l'enfant) ne peut ni ne veut donner une explication historique rationnelle. Or, chacun d'eux sans exception recouvre une situation concrète, inscrite dans l'histoire de la Galice et de l'Espagne entre 1825 et 1875. Il résulte de cette étude que Valle n'a jamais altéré les faits. Il s'est borné le plus souvent à donner des noms à ses personnages représentatifs, parfois à inventer une action symbolique significative. Nous dirons plus : cette poésie est beaucoup plus proche de la Vérité que l'histoire des historiens.
Les traductions castillanes de 1'« Imagem de Vida Cristã ».
Authors: Ricard Robert
Published: September 2010

El problema de las traducciones castellanas de la Imagen da vida crista del Jerónimo portugués Fr. Heitor Pinto resulta muy enmarañado. El autor intenta fijar de modo provisional su cronología y su repartición geográfica.
Una influencia balzaciana en España : « Les Employés » considerada como una de las fuentes literarias de « Miau » de Benito Pérez Galdós
Authors: Paradissis A.G.
Published: September 2010

Cet article étudie le rapport entre Les employés de Balzac et Miau de Benito Pérez Galdós. Les ressemblances et les différences entre les thèmes, les personnages fictifs et les intrigues des deux œuvres y sont analysées. Des thèmes principaux, la majorité sont communs aux deux romans ou présentent des ressemblances significatives. Dans certains cas, la différence n'est qu'un changement de point de vue. L'œuvre de Balzac est une immense satire de la corruption sociale contemporaine, le roman de Pérez Galdós analyse le problème humain total. Nombre de personnages présentés par les deux auteurs se ressemblent. Il y a même des similitudes entre les intrigues des deux ouvrages, et il faut avouer que dans le cas de Miau l'influence balzacienne est évidente.
Lettres inédites de Juan Valera à Morel-Fatio
Authors: Lemartinel J.
Published: September 2010

Quince cartas de Juan Valera dirigidas al hispanista francés Morel- Fatio, conservadas en la Biblioteca de Versalles, quedaban sin publicar. Proporcionan datos interesantes sobre la vida literaria de los años 1891-1892.
A propos de la Chronique du Connétable Miguel Lucas de Iranzo
Authors: Garcia Michel
Published: September 2010

La chronique des Hechos del Condestable Miguel Lucas, consacrée au séjour effectué à Jaén — de 1460 à 1473 — par cet ancien favori d'Henri IV, est étudiée sous deux aspects : les circonstances de sa composition et l'identité de son auteur, resté inconnu.

Après une étude détaillée du texte et une comparaison avec d'autres œuvres de la même époque, dont l'auteur est Valcaide d'Andújar Pedro de Escavias, on avance l'hypothèse selon laquelle la chronique serait le fruit de deux rédactions successives dues à la plume des deux personnages qui ont rempli, à des époques différentes, la charge de secrétaire auprès de Miguel Lucas.
Luis de León, penseur démocratique
Authors: Guy Alain
Published: September 2010

La récente publication d'un traité inédit de Luis de León, le De legibus, atteste à l'envi les convictions démocratiques du maître sal- mantin, que trahissaient déjà ses autres œuvres. Selon les Nombres de Cristo (surtout, dans Rey, Pastor, Principe de Paz et Jesús), le Comento de Job, La Perfecta Casada, les Opera latina et le De legibus, tous les hommes sont égaux devant la loi comme devant la nature ; les rois ne sont que les délégués de la république et ils peuvent être déposés s'ils préfèrent leur intérêt au bien public ; la tyrannie est le pire des vices. Les lois doivent émaner du peuple ; il faut les interpréter, au lieu de les appliquer brutalement. Luis de León dénonce, d'autre part, les privilégiés et rappelle que, selon le droit naturel, la propriété est foncièrement collective.
Naturaleza e historia, providencia y libertad en Facundo de Sarmiento
Authors: Caillet-Bois Julio
Published: September 2010

Un des thèmes fondamentaux du Facundo est l'existence de deux ordres différents, mais destinés à fusionner : la nature et l'histoire. Les leçons de la philosophie et le tableau de la civilisation européenne au milieu du xixe siècle confirment que ces deux mondes se conjuguent. Le présent article montre dans ce contexte comment Sarmiento, en nous présentant la vie de Facundo, propose un cas étrange et régressif contraire à la logique et incompatible avec la théorie du progrès que personne ne niait.
Le "Montblanch" du théâtre de Tirso de Molina
Authors: Nougué André
Published: September 2010

Montblanch, que aparece en algunas comedias de Tirso de Molina, no es un pueblo imaginario. Al evocar el nombre de esta ciudad catalana, el dramaturgo rinde homenaje a uno de los lugares vinculados con la historia de la Orden de la Merced y con un catalán famoso, San Pedro Armengol.
Pour une bibliographie de Fernán gonzález. IV : Une "Comedia nueva" de Manuel Bellosartes, La Fuerza del Amor conyugal o Sancha, Condesa de Castilla
Authors: Cotrait René
Published: September 2010

Une fois encore, voici un texte que ne signale aucune bibliographie de Fernán González, bien caractéristique du goût et du contexte politique des dernières décennies du xvme siècle : une comédie, bien faite au demeurant, à la progression ordonnée, aux effets discrets, et de métrique fort habile. Son intérêt consiste surtout en l'adaptation d'un épisode traditionnel chargé de violence et de révolte à de nouveaux canons moraux, l'auteur le dépouillant de toute sa signification antimonarchique, au point de transformer l'évasion de Fernán González des geôles léonaises en une comédie morale, de faire de la Comtesse le parangon des vertus conjugales et du Comte une simple utilité, en même temps que le thème de la libération de la Castille s'estompe.
La « gravité espagnole » et le « sérieux ». Recherches sur le vocabulaire de Cadalso et de ses contemporains
Authors: Dubuis Michel
Published: September 2010

Comment les Espagnols du xvine siècle ont-ils réagi à. l'image de la « gravité espagnole » dont s'amusent les étrangers? Certains la considèrent avec nostalgie : c'est un trait du caractère espagnol, inséparable de temps glorieux et révolus. Pour d'autres, la gravité est devenue ambivalente : si Feijoo ne sépare pas la gravité de la dévotion, il critique la gravité affectée, que le P. Isla pousse à la caricature par[des moyens que Cadalso, satiriste, paraît lui reprendre. Tout en gardant de la tendresse pour la « gravité espagnole », Cadalso, qui choisit soigneusement ses mots, lui substitue le « sérieux », juste milieu entre l'instabilité frivole et la gravité figée. Le sérieux est le propre du philosophe ; il caractérise les activités éclairées ; il n'exclut pas la grâce. La gravité, reflet du repliement de l'Espagne sur elle-même au siècle précédent, devient le symbole de l'auto-satisfaction des tenants du passé et le signe de leur inadaptation à la société nouvelle qui cherche sa voie.
Un événement poétique : le Canto General de Pablo Neruda
Authors: Salomon Noël
Published: September 2010

Este estudio aunque fue escrito en 1951 quedó inédito. Expone los temas más importantes del Canto General situándolos en la evolución dialéctica del poeta « a partir de sus propias raices ». El ensayo muestra como los significantes nerudianos de las obras anteriores al Canto General van lastrados con significados nuevos y a veces de signo inverso. Mediante el desarrollo de las contradicciones aparece la unidad de una personalidad poética.
Le registre espagnol des circoncisions de Samuel Gomes Atias (Bidache 1725-1773)
Authors: Nahon Gérard
Published: September 2010

Gérard Nahon, Le registre espagnol des circoncisions de Samuel Gomes Atias (Bidache, 1725-1773). — B. Ht., LXXVI, n°s 1-2, p. 142-182.

Estudio y edición de un documento custodiado en el archivo de Bayona : un « registro parroquial » judío que abarca setenta y siete artículos en español. Da indicaciones acerca del estado civil, del idioma y familias de las comunidades de los Judíos de la región de Bayona en el siglo diez y ocho. Proporciona una reconstitución de la familia del autor que dio tres rabinos en Bayona entre los años 1748 y 1842 : Jacob, David, Jacob-Israël Atias. Indica los lugares donde moraban las familias de los circuncisos, principalmente en Saint-Esprit-lès-Bayonne, Peyrehorade y Bidache. Describe las costumbres que se conexionan con la circuncisión y relata el paso de un emisario de la Tierra Santa. El conjunto es un intento de contribución a la historia interior de las comunidades judeo-portuguesas de Francia, creadas a partir de la emigración de Portugal y de España de descendientes de Judíos conversos a finales del siglo quince, sacando a luz la persistencia entre ellos de las tradiciones hispano-portuguesas*.

* Version espagnole établie par Mue Marie-Noëlle Méreau que j'ai plaisir à remercier ici. G. N.
Un chapitre de la versification moderniste : le poème à clausules rythmiques
Authors: Camurati Mireya
Published: September 2010

La aparición, en 1894, del poema de José Asunción Silva conocido como « Nocturno III » provocó desde el primer momento discusiones acerca de sus cualidades métricas. Las diferentes opiniones varían según consideren que la base rítmica en la versificación española radica en el metro o verso, o en la cláusula o período.

En sus Principios de ortología y métrica de 1835, Andrés Bello rectifica errores de los tratadistas del siglo XVIII y de algunos de sus contemporáneos, y establece la existencia de cláusulas rítmicas, las que constituyen el criterio primordial de clasificación del verso español, mientras que el cómputo silábico es un criterio secundario.

Como antecedente inmediato del poema de Silva, se hallan la Prosodia castellana y versificación de Eduardo Benot, y los Nuevos estudios sobre versificación castellana de Eduardo de la Barra. En los mismos, y en un intercambio de correspondencia, estos dos autores discuten teóricamente los principios del poema de cláusulas acentuales. Esta forma métrica fue de aparición y vigencia fugaz durante el período modernista, y en la actualidad casi ha desaparecido del catálogo activo de los versos castellanos.
Valle-Inclán et la mort de Blasco Ibáñez
Authors: Lavaud J.-M.
Published: September 2010

A la mort de Blasco Ibáñez, le 28 janvier 1928, les déclarations de Pío Baroja et de Valle-Inclán déclenchent une polémique h, laquelle participent trois journaux madrilènes et El Pueblo de Valence.

Certains points de cette polémique, qui va se développer pendant trois semaines, sont éclaircis dans le présent article, la position de El Heraldo de Madrid, dont Valle-Inclán est collaborateur, et les raisons profondes qui pouvaient opposer Valle-Inclán et Blasco Ibáñez.
Hernaut de Beaulande et le Poema de Fernán González
Authors: Horrent Jules
Published: September 2010

A plusieurs reprises, R. Menéndez Pidal a rapproché le poème de Her- naut de Beaulande du passage que le Poema de Fernán González consacre à l'emprisonnement du comte de Castille dans les prisons de Castroviejo. Selon le grand romaniste l'argument du poème français aurait été calqué sur l'épisode susdit du récit castillan, comme la chanson û'Anseis de Car- thage se serait inspirée de la légende du roi Rodrigue.

Toutefois, R. Menéndez Pidal ne connaissait Hernaut de Beaulande que par le truchement du résumé qu'en a fait Léon Gautier dans ses Epopées françaises. Or, depuis peu, nous disposons de l'édition Barnes-Dougherty du ms. de Cheltenham n° 26.092, qui contient, entre autres poèmes épiques, celui de Hernaut. La confrontation minutieuse du récit figurant dans ce manuscrit avec celui du Poema de Fernán González ne confirme pas la liaison qui a été établie entre les deux poèmes. Les ressemblances qui les rapprocheraient sont peu nombreuses et, trop générales et vagues, elles manquent de pertinence. Par contre, les divergences qui les éloignent l'un et l'autre sont multiples et variées. Différents par leur trame narrative, par la psychologie de leurs personnages, par leur esprit, les deux poèmes relèvent de conceptions littéraires différentes et ne peuvent être mis en relation. Hernaut de Beaulande doit son argument narratif à la tradition française des récits où une belle Sarrasine, séduite par un beau prisonnier chrétien, renie sa religion et trahit les siens pour lut venir en aide (cf. Floovent, Fierabrás, Huon de Bordeaux, la Prise d'Orange, Mainet, etc.). Le succès que connut en France ce thème romanesque suffit à rendre compte des principaux traits narratifs de Hernaut de Beaulande, sans qu'il soit nécessaire d'invoquer une quelconque influence espagnole.
Juan de Luna et la première édition de 1'« Arte Breve »
Authors: Collet-Sedola Sabina
Published: September 2010

Serie de datos biográficos, procedentes de actas de archivos, atestiguando la apartenencia de Juan de Luna a la Iglesia Protestante y aclarando las razones de sus peregrinaciones sucesivas a Francia y a Inglaterra donde se consagró al apostolado de la fe reformada.

Descripción bibliográfica de la edición príncipe del Arte Breve. París, Estevan Perrin, 1616.
Notes biographiques sur Carlos García
Authors: Bareau Michel
Published: September 2010

La découverte de six baux notariés permet de retracer les étapes du séjour parisien de Carlos Garcia entre 1614 et 1621. On démontre que les jugements défavorables émis par tous les critiques à l'encontre de l'auteur de La Antipatía et de La Codicia, ne sont pas fondés. Le réexamen des documents sur lesquels reposent traditionnellement les diverses biographies de Carlos Garcia aboutit à une remise en question des idées admises sur la personnalité de l'auteur.
Nuevos datos sobre D. José Marchena
Authors: Osuna Ruiz Rafael
Published: September 2010

Nous présentons deux nouveaux ouvrages de don José Marchena : Aux assemblées primaires et Point de gouvernement révolutionnaire, ainsi des renseignements sur la Gaceta de la libertad y de la igualdad et sur sa collaboration à la revue Le Spectateur français. Nous signalons aussi un ouvrage intitulé De la République et ses contributions aux revues te Batave et Les Nouvelles politiques.
Unamuno y Andrew Dickson White : dos cartas inéditas
Authors: DE WINTER Urbain J.
Published: September 2010

Andrew Dickson White fue historiador, diplomático, y pedagogo del siglo XIX. Fundó con Ezra Cornell la que es hoy « Cornell University » (Nueva York), donde introdujo innovaciones muy importantes dentro de la historia de la universidad norteamericana. En 1910, Andrew White, hizo un viaje à España donde conoció a Unamuno, quien admiró las ideas y los libros del profesor de Cornell, considerándolas como armas importantes en la lucha por la reforma de la universidad española.
Le genre du mot « Enigma »
Authors: Nougué André
Published: September 2010

Evolución del género de la palabra enigma, introducida en la lengua literaria hacia 1547 y empleada definitivamente en masculino à partir del siglo XVIII.
El teatro en provincias bajo la Restauración. Un medio popular de comunicación
Authors: Botrel Jean-François
Published: September 2010

Illustration de l'étonnante vitalité du théâtre en milieu rural à la fin du XIXe siècle est la compagnie dramatique dirigée par le premier acteur Federico Terol qui parcourut le sud-est de l'Espagne entre 1874 et 1880. Son livre de comptes permet d'en reconstituer les activités : la fruste vie quotidienne des acteurs et la précarité des théâtres contrastent avec l'intense activité de la troupe et l'assiduité d'un public dont le comportement et les goûts transparaissent à travers l'analyse sociologique de la fréquentation. Au-delà de ce cas concret, se pose le problème de la restitution et de l'étude de la culture populaire.
Castillan « escantar »
Authors: Ricard Robert
Published: September 2010

C'est bien escantar (et non encantar ou espantar) qu'il faut lire dans un passage des Epístolas familiares de Guevara qui a prêté à quelque confusion. Le mot est principalement attesté par plusieurs passages du Libro de Buen Amor, mais on le trouve aussi chez Berceo et chez d'autres auteurs. Il représente le latin excantâre, qui signifie « chasser par des enchantements ».
La reconnaissance de soi et ses limites dans l’exposition La mort n’en saura rien
Authors: Cordier Jean-Pierre
Published: September 2010

Este artículo trata de un aspecto la recepción de une exposición: es el de la ausencia de respeto para el público, que puede suscitar reacciones de asco, de miedo, de hostilidad, por mótivos de creencia, valores, sensibilidad estética, o emotividad de las personas. La análisis de estas límites, en el caso de una exposición sobre la muerte, permitió ver la frontera variable de la comprensión intercultural y sensible de la realidad. En la situación de interacción entre la propuesta museal, la características de los visitantes y sus comportamientos sociales durante la visite, estas límites pueden ser tratadas de manera constructiva, para hacerles mover gracias a une reflexión sobre la identitad, favorecada por la conjunción entre las barandillas museológicas, los mecanismos de defensa individual, y los intercambios dentro de los grupos. La observación de la tensión entre transgresión y reacción en las exposiciónes de arte contemporaneo ha favorecido une interogación sobre la evolución de los museos de sociedad como espacios de implicación y de reflexividad para un visitante cada vez mas situado en el centro del dispositivo museográfico.
Visiteurs d’origine immigrée et réinterprétation des collections au Världkulturmuseet de Göteborg
Authors: Rinçon Laurella
Published: September 2010

The arrival of new preoccupations shaping the heritage of non western cultures is confirmed by the beginning of a phase of reconstructuring in the majority of europeen etnographic museums. The beginning of this process of enhancing the visibility and the contribution made by these collections is accompagnied by a reflection on the relationship of individuals experiencing immigration, by exhibiting the heritage of their initial culture. The changes envisaged demand the application of innovative methods, bringing to light the isssue of museum practice. In this perspective the exhibit Horizons, Voices from Global Africa, of the Göteborg museum of world cultures, gave the opportunity to create a project of reinterpretation of the collections, allowing for improving access to the institutional visibility, for emphasizing the taking into account the changing reality of identities, and for enriching the spectrum of interpretations of artifacts.
Les films d’action : une rhétorique corporelle en régime d’utopie
Authors: Maguet Frédéric
Published: September 2010

Action films, particularly American Action films from the 90s, offer the body a means of expression which, because it is not limited by any referential principle of reality, allows one to place its functioning beyond the natural somatic limits. This cinematographic genre, now historically of age, presents an important, formal coherence, itself a guarantee of an aesthetic autonomy which, under the generic theme of confrontation, includes varying situations where specific gestual or postural vocabulary, – widely borrowed from the martial arts – allows the staging of a series of values linked to the social representations of the body. As a semiotic object, the body, made hero by the action, can be seen as an expression whose content reminds us of the repertoire of kung-fu techniques re-examined by the stuntman schools in Hong Kong, or from the point of view of content which has substantially evolved over the last thirty years. From The Fury of the Dragon

to Matrix, the kung-fu style has been decompartmentalised, going beyond the classic genre of karate films to become an almostobligatory pattern in action films and series, and this within varying registers ranging from the dectective story to the spy story or fantastic to science-fiction films. This progressive decompartmentalisation, which has benefitted from the evolution in cinematographic and choreographic techniques, has an influence on the construction of the scenarios. It also goes along with an overall change in people’s expectations. Skills and speed have supplanted pure strength, which allows for relative neutralisation of the classic oppositions related to gender and/ or age. In conclusion, this relationship to a body «beyond the extreme» is aided by the construction of action worlds which seem like utopia and are often thematised as such in certain productions, for example

Last Action Hero with Arnold Schwarzenegger, which is the most explicit example of such thematising.
Ed Wood : figures d’un corps et mélanges des genres
Authors: Thévenin Olivier
Published: September 2010

Travesti invétéré dans la vie comme à l’écran, Ed Wood intrigue par son identité sexuelle et artistique. Personnage trouble, figure au corps multiforme, sa présence corporelle déborde l’interprétation des personnages de ses films et incarne une légende: celle d’un cinéaste-culte. Cette présence à l’écran ainsi que la notoriété d’une oeuvre et d’un artiste ne suffisent pas à expliquer une légende – un cinéaste de films fantastiques, une biographie romanesque – mais s’appréhendent à travers un dispositif complexe où des êtres humains, des objets, des pratiques, des discours, et des représentations constituent les éléments réactifs d’un processus inédit de création. Entre le déni et l’adulation, les regards portés sur Ed Wood ont changé et la reconstitution des pactes de réception autour de l’oeuvre et de la carrière d’Ed Wood reste partielle. Néanmoins, sa figure compose d’ores et déjà un portrait ayant, dans une moindre mesure, droit de cité dans le panthéon moderne des personnages inclassables et des artistes bénéficiant d’une singularité remarquable.
Constructions et émotions patrimoniales à Québec : un patrimoine national partagé entre commémorations et reconstructions historiques
Authors: Dutour Juliette
Published: September 2010

En Quebec, el saber científico sobre el patrimonio construido resultó de su reconocimiento tardío en el principio del siglo XX. Los primeros inventarios fueron la obra de investigadores y intelectuales alejados del mundo político. La historia y el patrimonio se convirtieron en argumentos políticos y fueron vectores de reivindicación en los años sesenta, cuando la provincia empezó su «revolución tranquila», y cuando el nacionalismo del Estado de Quebec se oponió con mas fuerza al federalismo canadiense. Este texto intenta analizar el uso político de dos lugares emblemáticos de la ciudad de Quebec: los llanos de Abraham y la Plaza Real. Demuestra que el patrimonio puede existir solamente a través de las comunidades y grupos que se interesan a él. Demuestra también como las luchas influyen las diferentes interpretaciones de una misma historia.