bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of rasagiline on cerebral glucose metabolism, cognition, and tau in a double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase II clinical trial in Alzheimer’s dementia
Authors: Matthews Dawn C , Ritter Aaron , Thomas Ronald G , Andrews Randolph D , Lukic Ana S , Revta Carolyn , Kinney Jefferson , Tousi Babak , Leverenz James B. , Fillit Howard , Zhong Kate , Feldman Howard H , Cummings Jeffrey
Published: July 2020

BackgroundA Phase II proof of concept (POC) randomized clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of rasagiline, a MAO-B inhibitor, in mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The primary objective was to determine if 1 mg of rasagiline daily for 24 weeks is associated with improved regional brain metabolism (fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET)) compared to placebo. Secondary objectives included use of flortaucipir PET to assess effects on tau pathology and determination of directional consistency of clinical endpoints.MethodsThis was a double-blind, parallel group, placebo-controlled, community-based, three-site trial of 50 participants randomized 1:1 to receive oral rasagiline or placebo (NCT02359552). FDG PET was analyzed at screening for the presence of an AD-like pattern as an inclusion criterion and as an outcome using prespecified regions of interest and image classification for longitudinal data. Participants who completed baseline and 24-week FDG PET scans and passed quality control were included in the primary analysis; secondary clinical outcomes were analyzed using an Intention-to-Treat (ITT) model.FindingsBetween May 19, 2015 and January 26, 2018, 96 participants were screened, 50 randomized, and 43 completed treatment. The study met its primary endpoint, demonstrating favorable change in FDG PET differences in rasagiline vs. placebo in middle frontal (2.5%,95%CI 0.3–4.7%,p<0.025), anterior cingulate (2.2%,0.1–4.3%,p<0.041), and striatal (2.4%,0.2–4.3%,p<0.023) regions. Tau PET cortical region secondary endpoints did not differ between study arms. Clinical secondary endpoint measures of Quality of Life (p<0.04) and Controlled Word Association Test (p<0.08) favored rasagiline. Rasagiline treatment was generally well tolerated with low rates of both serious and other adverse events and notably less neuropsychiatric symptoms reported with rasagiline. ConclusionsThese study outcomes illustrate the potential benefits of rasagiline on clinical and neuroimaging measures in mild to moderate AD patients. Rasagiline appears to affect neuronal activity in frontostriatal pathways, as observed through changes in glucose metabolism. This study illustrated the benefit of a POC design using biomarkers to characterize a diverse patient population and treatment response. Limitations include the study size and duration. Further investigation of rasagiline as a repurposed treatment in AD is warranted. Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov number NCT02359552, February 10, 2015.
A systematic review on the relationship between international migration and antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Peters Anne Sophie , Cabieses Báltica , Ramirez Orlando , Uphoff Eleonora , Acuña María Paz , Astorga Sofía , Araos Rafael , Munita José Manuel
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Antimicrobial drug resistance (AMR) is considered a serious threat to public health worldwide. The relation between AMR and human mobility, particularly international migration, has drawn attention from the scientific community in recent years. However, several aspects about this relation remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed at expanding and updating previous systematic review studies, with a novel focus on the AMR prevalence in migrants compared to the local population of the host country, to examine external validity of previous findings.Methods: We searched in Ovid MEDLINE all types of observational studies, without language or year of publication restrictions. We aimed at exploring differences in countries´ bacterial drug resistance rates based on immigration rates. All types of AMR were included, except for those related to HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis. The comparator group of interest was the local population of the host country. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42018114436. Results: After screening of 322 articles, 15 papers were selected for data extraction, including 1930 migrants. Compared to the local population, higher rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Panton-Valentine leucocidin positive strains, multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, and having at least one multidrug-resistant organism were found in migrants in 12 of the 15 papers. Rates of AMR did not differ significantly in two studies and only one of them reported a lower burden of AMR in migrants.Conclusions: Higher prevalence of AMR in migrants were presented in the majority of the included articles, addressing the emerge of the circulation of resistant strains within this group. More detailed descriptions, including time span and route taken by migrants to arrive to country of destination and length of stay by the time of inclusion are essential to gain a deeper understanding of the relation in between AMR and migration. Countries with high migration rates outside Europe should be encouraged to implement strategies for screening of both local population and migrants in countries.
Human Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells Derived From the Bone Marrow Are Decreased With Age but Maintain Their Functional Ability
Authors: Magri Sara , Masetto Elena , Solito Samantha , Francescato Samuela , Belluzzi Elisa , Pozzuoli Assunta , Berizzi Antonio , Ruggieri Pietro , Mandruzzato Susanna
Published: July 2020

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immunosuppressive cells developing from myeloid progenitors, which are enriched in pathological conditions such as cancer, and are known toinhibit the functions of effector T cells. During aging, several changes occur both at the adaptive and innate immune system level, in a process defined as immunoscenescence. In particular, the low-grade inflammation state observed in the elderly appears to affect hematopoiesis. We previously demonstrated that the combination of GM-CSF and G-CSF drives the in vitro generation of bone marrow-derived MDSCs (BM-MDSCs) from precursors present in human bone marrow aspirates of healthy donors, and that these cells are endowed with a strong immune suppressive ability, resembling that of cancer-associated MDSCs. In the present work we investigated BM-MDSCs induction and functional ability in a cohort of pediatric versus elderly donors. To this aim, we analyzed the differences in maturation stages and ability to suppress T cell proliferation. We found that the ex vivo distribution of myeloid progenitors is similar between pediatric and elderly individuals, whereas after cytokine treatment a significant reduction in the more immature compartment is observed in the elderly. Despite the decreased frequency, BM-MDSCs maintain their suppressive capacity in aged donors. Taken together, these results indicate that in vitro induction of MDSCs from the BM is reduced with aging and opens new hypotheses onthe role of age-related processes in myelopoiesis.
Hospital dental care for a post-cerebral infarction patient
Authors: Nascimento Paulo Pereira do , Patrocínio Victor Hugo , Oliveira Renata Lanzoni de , Paiva-Oliveira Janayna Gomes , Gaetti-Jardim Ellen Cristina
Published: July 2020

Stroke presents as a deficiency of cerebral blood supply lowering the oxygen level and increasing the chance of irreversible tissue damage being such severity proportional to the extent and type of tissue injury, requiring immediate multiprofessional support. Thus, the objective is to present a clinical case of a 85-year-old female patient with stroke who underwent invasive dental treatment to eliminate the foci of infection and comfort to the patient concomitant to the hospitalization.Descriptors: Cerebral Infarction; Dental Care; Dental Service, Hospital; Ambulatory Care.ReferênciasWorld Health Organization. (WHO). The top 10 causes of death. [Internet] Geneva; 2014. [Cited in 2016 Nov 22]. Available from: http://www.who. int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/em.Brasil. Ministério da saúde. Informações de saúde TABNET- Estatísticas vitais. Datasus. [internet]. [Citado em 2016 nov 22]. Disponível em: http://tabnet.datasus.gov.brGhizoni JS, Taveira LAA, Garlet GP, Ghizoni MF, Pereira JR, Dionisio TJ et al.  Increased levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis are associated with ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease in humans: an in vivo study. J Appl Oral Sci. 2012;20(1):104-12.Haraszthy VI, Zambon JJ, Trevisan M, Zeid M, Genco RJ. Identification of periodontal pathogens in atheromatous plaques. J Periodontol 2000; 71(10):1551-60.Seitz MW, Listl S, Bartols A, Schubert I, Blaschke K, Haux C et al. Current knowledge on correlations between highly prevalent dental conditions and chronic diseases: an umbrella review. Prev Chronic Dis. 2019;16:180641Silva EJA. Reabilitação após o AVC [dissertação]. Porto: Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade de Porto; 2010.Patrocinio VH, Nascimento PP, Oliveira RL, Seco AJL, Fonseca RCL, Gaetti-Jardim EC. Extensa úlcera bucal em paciente com lúpus eritematoso. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2019;31(2):266-68.Scannapieco FA, Genco RJ. Association of periodontal infections with atherosclerotic and pulmonary diseases. J Period Res. 1999;34(7):340-45.Noack B, Genco RJ, Trevisan M, Grossi S, Zambon JJ, De Nardin. E Periodontal Infections Contribute to Elevated Systemic C-Reactive Protein Level. J Periodontol. 2001;72(9):1221-27.Hashemipour MA, Afshar AJ, Borna R, Seddighi B, Motamedi A. Gingivitis and periodontitis as a risk factor for stroke: A case-control study in the Iranian population. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2013;10(5):613-19.
Nuoseklios gamybos planavimo tvarkaraščio sudarymas
Authors: Kavaliauskas Donatas , Sakalauskas Leonidas
Published: July 2020

Gamybos projektavimo ir vadybos uždaviniuose dažnai susiduriama su įvairiomis užduočių planavimo problemomis: išteklių, žaliavų, personalo. Šios problemos yra priskiriamos NP pilnumo sudėtingumo klasei. Norint gauti optimalų sprendinį neužtenka pasinaudoti godžiaisiais algoritmais, tačiau reikia naudoti euristinės klasės algoritmus. Vienas iš euristinių algoritmų yra šakų ir ribų algoritmas. Naudojant šį algoritmą su kompiuteriu yra modeliuojamas nuoseklios gamybos planavimo uždavinio sprendimas. Taip pat straipsnyje yra pateikiami keli nuoseklios gamybos planavimo uždavinio variantai, kuriems yra adaptuojamas šakų ir ribų algoritmas.
Judėjimo negalią turinčių asmenų fizinį aktyvumą motyvuojantys veiksniai
Authors: Norgilas Robertas , Masiliauskas Darius
Published: July 2020

Straipsnyje nagrinėjami judėjimo negalią turinčių asmenų fizinį aktyvumą motyvuojantys veiksniai. Nagrinėjama tema atspindi prioritetus didinti visų socialinių grupių fizinio aktyvumo lygį, ypač įvertinant tai, kad iki pastarojo meto jis buvo nepakankamas. Atsižvelgiant į tai, aktualizuojasi judėjimo negalią turinčių asmenų fizinio aktyvumo skatinimo sprendimų paieška, kuri galima tik tada, kai identifikuoti judėjimo negalią turinčių asmenų fizinį aktyvumą motyvuojantys veiksniai.Tyrime atskleista, kad motyvacija užsiimti fiziškai aktyvia veikla gali būti nagrinėjama pasitelkiant tris motyvacijos dimensijas – vidinės motyvacijos, išorinės motyvacijos ir nemotyvuotumo. Empirinio tyrimo rezultatai patvirtina, kad judėjimo negalią turinčius asmenis užsiimti fiziškai aktyvia veikla motyvuoja tiek vidinė, tiek išorinė motyvacija.
Analytical review on criminal cases against doctors anesthesiologists-reanimatologists for the last five years. Article
Authors: Gorbachev V. I. , Netesin Evgeniy S. , Kozlov A. I. , Sumin S. A. , Gorbacheva S. M.
Published: July 2020

In this article, an analysis of 51 court decisions against anesthetists-resuscitators for the period from 2015 to 2019 is carried out available in open databases. The most significant and frequently committed defects in the provision of medical care associated with ensuring airway patency and catheterization of the great vessels were determined.
Preeclampsia. Eclampsia. Anesthesia and intensive care in childbirth and the puerperium. Review
Authors: Pylaeva Natalia Yu. , Shifman E. M. , A. V.  , Artymuk Natalya V. , Belokrinitskaya T. E. , Phillipov O. S. , Babich T. Yu.
Published: July 2020

The review discusses the possibilities of predicting preeclampsia and its complications, modern criteria for the diagnosis of gestational hypertensive disorders and tactics of their intensive therapy. Particular attention was devoted on the anesthetic management for cesarean section in a woman with preeclampsia and its complications. The information proposed in the review makes it possible to define a unified terminology and form unified evidence-based interdisciplinary approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of preeclampsia, which will improve maternal and fetal outcome.
Delirium tremens: early diagnosis and intensive care guidelines. Review
Authors: Muronov Alexey Ye.
Published: July 2020

Alcoholic delirium is a formidable complication of severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome. It is often formed in patients of hospitals and departments of anesthesiology and intensive care, as a result of the forced cessation of alcohol consumption. Its formation is associated with an increase in the length of hospital stay and mortality. The review discusses modern approaches to the diagnosis, especially early, of this condition, its intensive care and methods of non-drug correction.
Electron Transfer Drives Metal Cycling in the Critical Zone
Authors: Davranche Melanie , Gélabert Alexandre , Benedetti Marc F.
Published: July 2020

Electron transfer in the critical zone is driven by biotic and abiotic mechanisms and controls the fate of inorganic and organic contaminants, whether redox-sensitive or not. In these environments, Fe- and Mn-bearing minerals, as well as organic matter, are key compounds. They interact with each other and constitute important electron shuttles. As a result, not only their solubility but also their structure controls the mobility of many essential and toxic elements. In addition, microorganisms that form hot spots and are widespread in environmental systems are also primordial players in electron transfer processes by acting as a catalyst between an electron donor and an acceptor, and through their contaminant detoxification metabolism.
Biogeochemical Controls on the Redox Evolution of Earth’s Oceans and Atmosphere
Authors: Reinhard Christopher T. , Planavsky Noah J.
Published: July 2020

The redox state of Earth’s atmosphere has undergone a dramatic shift over geologic time from reducing to strongly oxidizing, and this shift has been coupled with changes in ocean redox structure and the size and activity of Earth’s biosphere. Delineating this evolutionary trajectory remains a major problem in Earth system science. Significant insights have emerged through the application of redox-sensitive geochemical systems. Existing and emerging biogeochemical modeling tools are pushing the limits of the quantitative constraints on ocean–atmosphere redox that can be extracted from geochemical tracers. This work is honing our understanding of the central role of Earth’s biosphere in shaping the long-term redox evolution of the ocean–atmosphere system.
Abdukció a kvalitatív tartalomelemzésben
Authors: Sántha Kálmán
Published: July 2020

A teoretikus jellegű tanulmány az abdukció fogalmi rendszerét, jelenségét, kvalitatív kutatásban betöltött szerepét mutatja be, fókuszba helyezve a kvalitatív tartalomelemzést. Amellett foglal állást, hogy a társadalomtudományi kutatásban az abdukció kreatív folyamatként értelmezett, amely az induktív és deduktív dichotómia alternatívájaként jelenik meg, valamint rámutat arra, hogy az abduktív következtetések a formális logikával nem alapozhatók meg. A tanulmány kiemeli a deduktív és az induktív kategóriaállítás/kódolás kérdéses elemeit a kvalitatív tartalomelemzésben, majd rávilágít az abdukció szerepére a kvalitatív tartalomelemzés során konstruálandó kódháló esetén. Hangsúlyozza, hogy az abdukció nem az adatgyűjtés és az adatok kiértékelésének módszere, hanem a gondolkodás olyan formája, amely minden kutatásban jelen van.
ṬABAṬABA’I INTERPRETATION ON PROPHETIC MISSION IN TAFSIR AL-MIZAN FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF NUSANTARA SPIRITUAL CIVILIZATION
Authors: Achmad Achmad , Rahman Fadhlu , Nuraripah Pia
Published: July 2020

Modernism as the product of Renaissance has succeeded in couping the reality of God. The view of several western intellectuals have caused to the obscurity of human concepts which then affects to the meaning of the progress of human civilization, and further, presents serious problems almost in all social life. In the context of the archipelago (Nusantara), some Islamists groups try to establish a civilization based on materialistic point of view and with textual interpretation of the Qur'an. In fact, Islam in the archipelago genealogically has characteristics which are very spiritual so it is not appropriate to develop an advanced civilization in the archipelago based on materialist achievements as promoted by western modernism. The prophetic mission interpreted by Ṭabaṭaba’i in al-Mīzān fī Tafsīr al-Qur'an verses 1-2 and 5 gives the concept of spiritual civilization based on the Qur'an which is in line with the character of the archipelago. Thus, this study seeks to answer these research questions: first, how is the prophetic mission interpreted by Ṭabaṭaba’i in his Tafsīr al-Mīzān constructing spiritual civilization? Second, how is the construction of spiritual civilization in harmony and able to actualize the treasury of the archipelago? The method used in this study is a descriptive analysis with the approach of Ṭabaṭaba’i’s interpretation (Tafsīr) on the prophetic mission. The study finds that Ṭabaṭaba’i interpretation on the Surah al-Jumu’ah verses 1-2 and 5 gives the spiritual construction of civilization that is in line with the character of the archipelago
THE CONCEPT OF MARTYRDOM IN THE VIEW OF JAMĀ’AH ISLĀMIYAH IN INDONESIA
Authors: Muzayyin Muzayyin
Published: July 2020

Religious radicalization is an irrefutable fact emerging mainly in the last decade. Several mass and suicide bombings (the nightclub Paddy's Pub in Bali, JW Marriot Hotel in Jakarta, Resort Police Mosque in Cirebon, Australian Embassy in Jakarta and several Churches in Indonesia) show this most clearly. The latest bombing in a mass building in Surabaya even had a thorough family as its actors. They and actors of other attacks claim that the bombing is of ways to put the doctrine of jihād fī sabīlillah into real life. It is therefore, the research employs a qualitative approach which aims to describe the concept of martyrdom as called amaliyat istisyhādiyah upon the perspective of Imam Samudera as one of Jamā’ah Islāmiyyah’s activist which is allegedly responsible for a number of terror attacks in South East Asia. In addition, this research conclude that Martyrdom has no relation to suicide. Its aims at establishing Kalimātullah and Islam, originating from the purest intention. While suicide is a hopeless deed performed by a person who kills himself for his own selfish reason
THE ROLE OF ISLAMIC ART IN ENHANCING THE SPIRITUALITY OF INDONESIAN YOUNG GENERATION
Authors: Rohmad Muhammad Ali
Published: July 2020

Islamic art is radiant beauty of the Islamic spiritual. The young generation must be able to be the front guard in preaching a beautiful religion. The public abandoned Islamic art because it was considered ancient and inferior to the conventional art, which was increasingly innovative. But lately, Islamic art has become popular in Indonesian people again as a phenomenon which is widely discussed, namely the pesantren literary art, represented by the novel Hati Suhita by Khima Anis. While, Islamic music art represented by Sabyan Gambus. As long as Islamic art can maintain quality and continue to innovate, Islamic art can break the dominance of conventional art in Indonesia. With the increasing interest of young people towards Islamic art, of course, it will increase their spirituality.
Effect of temperature and duration of pyrolysis on spent tea leaves biochar: physiochemical properties and Cd(II) adsorption capacity
Authors: Yang Zhanbiao , Liu Xincong , Zhang Mengdi , Liu Lixia , Xu Xiaoxun , Xian Junren , Cheng Zhang
Published: July 2020

We analyzed the effects of pyrolysis temperature and duration on the physiochemical properties and Cd(II) adsorption capacity of spent tea leaves (STL) biochar. The STL biochar was produced by pyrolysis at 300, 400, 500 and 600 °C for 1 and 2 h. The pyrolysis temperature was positively correlated to the ash content, pH, electrical conductivity, specific surface area (SBET), pore volume (PV) and C content, and negatively with the total yield, O, H and N content, and the O/C and H/C atomic ratios. Furthermore, the surface porosity of STL biochar increased, the density of oxygen-containing functional groups decreased, and the formation of aromatic structures was enhanced at higher pyrolysis temperatures. The adsorption of Cd(II) onto STL biochar fitted with the pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherms model. The STL biochar produced at 600 °C for 2 h showed the maximum Cd(II) adsorption capacity of 97.415 mg/g. In addition, Cd(II) adsorption was mainly physical and occurred in monolayers. Thus, STL biochar is a suitable low-cost adsorbent for wastewater treatment.
INTERESTING FINDINGS OF ORIBATID MITES (ACARI: ORIBATIDA) FROM A SPHAGNUM BOG IN WESTERN SIBERIA
Authors: Egorova Marina L. , Shimano Satoshi , Bayartogtokh Badamdorj
Published: July 2020

This work deals with six species of oribatid mites recovered from a sedge-moss bog (Carex–Eriophorum–Sphagnum association), located in the south of Western Siberia, Russia. Two species, Banksinoma exobothridialis and Banksinoma longisetosa (Thyrisomidae) are new to the fauna of Russia. This finding is interesting in regards to the biogeography and the habitat ecology of both species. Two other relatively rare species of Trhypochthoniidae have been found: Mainothrus badius, which is recorded for the first time in Asia; and Trhypochthonius nigricans, recorded for the first time in Western Siberia. In addition, Holarctic species Suctobelbella palustris (Suctobelbidae) and Limnozetes ciliatus (Limnozetidae) are reported with supplementary descriptions and illustrations. In this article, we discuss the distribution and habitat ecology of each of the above species.
‘The Sarmatian In Languages Trained’. Staniskaw Grzepski (1524-1570) As A Researcher Of The Hebrew Bible And The Septuagint
Authors: Linke Waldemar
Published: July 2020

Stanisław Grzepski (1524-1570) an outstanding classic and biblical philologist, the first Greek permanent lecturer of this language at the Krakow Academy. He combined philological interests with the passion of numismatist-collector and researcher of biblical antiquities. The fruit of his erudite knowledge in this area was published in the printing house of Krzysztof Plantin in Antwerp in 1568, the work of De multiplici siclo et talento hebraico. The Cracow scholar in the subtitle referred to Guillaume’s Budé earlier work De asse et partibus eius. Despite the fact that Grzepski presents himself to the reader as the author of a summary of the extensive work of a French scholar and diplomat, he created a work independent and in many places polemic with the findings of the famous predecessor. The article shows the character and significance of the work of Stanisław Grzepski, which has become a part of European science for over 200 years as a textbook of numismatics and biblical archeology.
We, the Nation. Poland and Poles in the Millennium Programme of Primate Stefan Wyszyński (1956-1966/1967)
Authors: Noszczak Bartłomiej
Published: July 2020

The aim of the Millennium Programme of Primate Wyszyński was to prepare Poles for the millennium of baptism of their country. Social issues have taken an important place in this project. The primate, referring to the problems connected with the life of Poles, emphasised the importance of the transcendental element. He taught that the future of a nation depends on personal involvement in „working on oneself”. He pointed to the national drawbacks of Poles, and then he taught how to get rid of them. In the 1966 jubilee year he repeatedly referred to what Poland is for him and who Poles are in the second millennium of their Christianity. A characteristic feature of this vision was the conviction of the exceptional significance of the Polish nation, which – devoted to the Motherly slavery of Mary – was to continue to work in order to remain semper fidelis regardless of the circumstances.
Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski as the defender of truth, freedom and justice in the period of communist enslavement o
Authors: Buczek Jerzy
Published: July 2020

Cardinal Wyszyński was a defender of every individual, family, nation and Church during the time of communist enslavement of Poland. He was an ardent defender of the truth with regard to human being and its dignity, he constantly emphasized the significance of respecting basic rights and obligations of men, and strongly demanded the observance of these rights when the state violated them. Furthermore, he was radical defender of the freedom of human persons, families, nation and the Church, indicating that only in freedom can they truly develop and fulfill their vocation and goals. He constantly reminded us of the need for justice made in the spirit of love with regard to every individual, family and nation. He clearly defined the tasks and duties of the state and the Church in relation to every human person that should be regarded as the highest value in the world, as well as towards families that are to be considered the cradle of the nation, and towards the nation that he regarded as a family of families sui generis. Additionaly he emphasized that the Church has a unique role to perform in relation to these communities, bringing into their existence not only the supernatural dimension, sanctifying God’s grace, salvation, but also the natural dimension consisting in the care of the Church for the national raison d’etat. Last but not least, in his view, the Church must be free and independent in its activities to be able to perform its religious and social role properly. The Primate indicated the need for cooperation between the state and the Church for the benefit of man, family and nation. When the communist state did not fulfill its role and acted against the rights of citizens, especially believers, against families and nation, he radically opposed these actions, demanding respect for dignity, rights, truth, freedom and justice with regard to every human person, family and family of families – that is the nation.
Guardian of the Faith
Authors: Grajewski Andrzej
Published: July 2020

The assistance for the repressed Church in the Soviet Union was a very important issue in the service of Primate of Poland Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński. The activity of priest Primate’s in this field was conducted within several areas: covert holy orders and bishop consecrations, collecting and transferring information to the Holy See about the situation of the Church in the Soviet Union and permanent attempts with subsequent popes and their closest associates to request them so that this area would not stop functioning in the awareness of the Church and its highest shepherds. The confidential consecration of bishop Jan Cieński with the entitlements of an auxiliary bishop for archdiocese of Lviv, which took place in June 1967 was particularly significant. He was the only bishop of Latin rite in the Ukraine until the collapse of the Soviet Union. Priest Primate conducted his mission with the use of extraordinary entitlements granted to him in 1957 by the Pope Pius XII, and subsequently prolonged by next popes, until John Paul II. These entitlements mainly concerned the Ukraine and Belarus, and Lithuania, in special cases. Cardinal Wyszyński was actively participating in the debate on the issue of the eastern policy of the Holy See. He critically evaluated some advances in diplomacy of the Holy See, accusing them of insufficient demand for religious freedom for Christians in the East.
Primate Wyszyński towards Polish Western Lands after the Second World War
Authors: Zamiatała Dominik
Published: July 2020

Primate S. Wyszyński was interested in each symptom of social and religious life of the society in the Western Lands. Thanks to his frequent visitations he knew Church, social and national reality in this area very well. He also noticed an important role of the Church in its mission to unite these lands with “homeland”. Primate was not doubtful that these lands fairly belonged to Poland. The assignment of these lands to Poland was perceived by him as not only the recognition of historical rights, but also as “Divine restitution”, as an expression of justice for Poland being harmed by the German occupier, and not a political game. In his speeches and sermons, he reassured and encouraged its inhabitants. He called them to last here, on these old Piast lands, and believe in „historical moment of the nation on these lands” and to love this land. Primate noticed the effects of confusing policy of the communists towards Silesian people in Opole region. He saw that the encounter of indigenous people with Poland by communism must have been disastrous for Poland, which identified everything, which was Polish, with communism.
Nano-sized Solid Dispersions for Improving the Bioavailability of Poorly Water-soluble Drugs
Authors: Tran Phuong H.L. , Tran Thao T.D.
Published: July 2020

It has been well established that solid dispersions have a high potential to increase the release rate of
poorly water-soluble drugs, resulting in high drug bioavailability. Solid dispersions have been vigorously investigated
with various practical approaches in recent decades. Improvements in wettability, molecular interactions
and drugs being held in an amorphous state in solid dispersions are the main mechanisms underlying the high
drug release rate. Moreover, the synergistic effect of incorporating nanotechnology in solid dispersions is expected
to lead to an advanced drug delivery system for poorly water-soluble drugs. However, to date, there is still
a lack of reviews providing outlooks on the nano-sized solid dispersions that have been substantially investigated
for improving the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. In the current review, we aim to overview key
advantages and approaches for producing nano-sized solid dispersions. The classification of key strategies in
developing nano-sized solid dispersions will advance the creation of even more efficient solid dispersions, which
will translate into clinical studies.
Exploring Phytotherapeutic Alternatives for Obesity, Insulin Resistance and Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Chávez-Castillo Mervin , Nuñez Victoria , Rojas Milagros , Ortega Ángel , Durán Pablo , Pirela Daniela , Marquina María , Cano Clímaco , Chacín Maricarmen , Velasco Manuel , Rojas-Quintero Joselyn , Bermúdez Valmore
Published: July 2020

At present, the pathologic spectrum of obesity-insulin resistance (IR)-diabetes mellitus (DM) represents
not only a pressing matter in public health but also a paramount object of study in biomedical research, as
they constitute major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), and other chronic non-communicable diseases
(NCD). Phytotherapy, the use of medicinal herbs (MH) with treatment purposes, offers a wide array of
opportunities for innovation in the management of these disorders; mainly as pharmacological research on small
molecules accumulates. Several MH has displayed varied mechanisms of action relevant to the pathogenesis of
obesity, IR and DM, including immunological and endocrine modulation, reduction of inflammation and oxidative
stress (OS), regulation of appetite, thermogenesis and energy homeostasis, sensitisation to insulin function
and potentiation of insulin release, among many others. However, the clinical correlates of these molecular phenomena
remain relatively uncertain, with only a handful of MH boasting convincing clinical evidence in this
regard. This review comprises an exploration of currently available preclinical and clinical research on the role of
MH in the management of obesity, IR, and DM.
Experimental and Clinical Evidence of Endothelial Dysfunction in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Ferreira-Duarte Mariana , Sousa Joana Beatriz , Diniz Carmen , Sousa Teresa , Duarte-Araújo Margarida , Morato Manuela
Published: July 2020

The endothelium has a crucial role in proper hemodynamics. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is mainly a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract. However, considerable evidence points to high cardiovascular risk in patients with IBD. This review positions the basic mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction in the IBD setting (both clinical and experimental). Furthermore, we review the main effects of drugs used to treat IBD in endothelial (dys)function. Moreover, we leave challenging points for enlarging the therapeutic arsenal for IBD with new or repurposed drugs that target endothelial dysfunction besides inflammation.
Lewis Acid-Mediated Efficient Synthesis of 4H-1,3-benzo-xazines and Their Derivatives 4,5-dihydro-1,3-benzo-xazepines
Authors: Junkai An , Jikun Liu , Ying Shi , Weiwei Zhu , Guoying Guo , Xianxing Jiang , Jijun Xue , Hongrui Zhang
Published: July 2020

:

Compounds containing 4H-1,3-benzo-xazine core usually possess characteristic
features and have been applied in the fields of organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,
materials science and bioscience. Here we reported convenient and direct access to 4H-1,3-
benzo-xazines and their derivatives through intramolecular cyclization of olefinic amides or
ureas with good to excellent yields in the presence of TMSOTf. The properties (mild conditions,
metal or additives-free, wide substrate scope and functional group tolerance) of the process
made it a promising strategy to synthesize various benzo-xazines and their derivatives.
Development of Strategies for Glycopeptide Synthesis: An Overview on the Glycosidic Linkage
Authors: Rodríguez-Mayor Andrea Verónica , Peralta-Camacho German Jesid , Cárdenas-Martínez Karen Johanna , García-Castañeda Javier Eduardo
Published: July 2020

Glycoproteins and glycopeptides are an interesting focus of research, because of
their potential use as therapeutic agents, since they are related to carbohydrate-carbohydrate,
carbohydrate-protein, and carbohydrate-lipid interactions, which are commonly involved in
biological processes. It has been established that natural glycoconjugates could be an important
source of templates for the design and development of molecules with therapeutic applications.
However, isolating large quantities of glycoconjugates from biological sources
with the required purity is extremely complex, because these molecules are found in heterogeneous
environments and in very low concentrations. As an alternative to solving this
problem, the chemical synthesis of glycoconjugates has been developed. In this context,
several methods for the synthesis of glycopeptides in solution and/or solid-phase have been
reported. In most of these methods, glycosylated amino acid derivatives are used as building
blocks for both solution and solid-phase synthesis. The synthetic viability of glycoconjugates is a critical parameter
for allowing their use as drugs to mitigate the impact of microbial resistance and/or cancer. However, the
chemical synthesis of glycoconjugates is a challenge, because these molecules possess multiple reaction sites and
have a very specific stereochemistry. Therefore, it is necessary to design and implement synthetic routes, which
may involve various protection schemes but can be stereoselective, environmentally friendly, and high-yielding.
This review focuses on glycopeptide synthesis by recapitulating the progress made over the last 15 years.
Traceable Peptidic Ligands that Target Ghrelin Receptors
Authors: Liu Mengjie , Wade John , Hossain Mohammed Akhter
Published: July 2020

:

Ghrelin is a 28-amino acid octanoylated peptide hormone that is implicated in many physiological
and pathophysiological processes. Specific visualization of ghrelin and its cognate receptor
using traceable ligands is crucial in elucidating the localization, functions, and expression pattern of
the peptide’s signaling pathway. Here 12 representative radio- and fluorescently-labeled peptide-based
ligands are reviewed for in vitro and in vivo imaging studies. In particular, the focus is on their structural
features, pharmacological properties, and applications in further biochemical research.
Experimental and Computational Approaches to Improve Binding Affinity in Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery
Authors: Nayarisseri Anuraj
Published: July 2020

Drug discovery is one of the most complicated processes and establishment of a single drug
may require multidisciplinary attempts to design efficient and commercially viable drugs. The main
purpose of drug design is to identify a chemical compound or inhibitor that can bind to an active site
of a specific cavity on a target protein. The traditional drug design methods involved various experimental
based approaches including random screening of chemicals found in nature or can be synthesized
directly in chemical laboratories. Except for the long cycle design and time, high cost is also the
major issue of concern. Modernized computer-based algorithm including structure-based drug design
has accelerated the drug design and discovery process adequately. Surprisingly from the past decade remarkable progress
has been made concerned with all area of drug design and discovery. CADD (Computer Aided Drug Designing) based
tools shorten the conventional cycle size and also generate chemically more stable and worthy compounds and hence reduce
the drug discovery cost. This special edition of editorial comprises the combination of seven research and review articles
set emphasis especially on the computational approaches along with the experimental approaches using a chemical
synthesizing for the binding affinity in chemical biology and discovery as a salient used in de-novo drug designing. This
set of articles exfoliates the role that systems biology and the evaluation of ligand affinity in drug design and discovery for
the future.
Development of Pediatric Orodispersible Tablets Based on Efavirenz as a New Therapeutic Alternative
Authors: de Freitas Neto José Lourenço , do Nascimento Gomes Barbosa Ilka , de Melo Camila Gomes , Ângelos Matheus Alves , dos Santos Mendes Larissa Morgana , Ferreira Magda Rhayanny Assunção , Rolim Larissa Araújo , Soares Luiz Alberto Lira , da Silva Rosali Maria Ferreira , Neto Pedro José Rolim
Published: July 2020

Background:

Efavirenz is the most used medication in the treatment of Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome (AIDS). The limited number of pediatric antiretroviral formulations approved
by regulatory agencies is the most significant obstacle to adequate and efficient pharmacotherapy
for this group of patients. The efavirenz has excellent therapeutic potential, but has low
aqueous solubility/bioavailability.

Methods:

To minimize these limitations, multicomponent systems with β-cyclodextrin and polyvinylpyrrolidone
K-30 were obtained. Due to the limited number of pediatric antiretroviral formulations,
the development of a pediatric orodispersible tablet is an alternative that is thought easy to
administer, since it disintegrates rapidly in the oral cavity. The multicomponent systems were obtained
by the method of kneading and characterized by solubility test, X-ray diffraction, differential
scanning calorimetry and infrared absorption spectroscopy by Fourier transform. The orodispersible
tablets were prepared by direct compression. The quality control of hardness, friability, disintegration,
and dissolution was performed. The influence of the components of the formulation on the
characteristics of the tablets was evaluated through a 22 factorial design added with three central
points, to compare the effect of the dependent variables on the responses.

Results:

An increase in drug solubility was observed, with a decrease in crystallinity. Besides that,
an excellent dissolution profile presented with more than 83% of the drug's content dissolved in less
than 15 minutes. Satisfactory disintegration time and friability were observed.

Conclusion:

It was observed that reduced concentrations of mannitol decreased the hardness and
disintegration time of the formulations. The orodispersible tablet composed of efavirenz: β-
cyclodextrin: polyvinylpyrrolidone, favors greater absorption and bioavailability. It has several advantages
for pediatric patients, as the dosage form disintegrates quickly in the mouth and does not
require water for administration, thereby improving patient compliance with the treatment.
Combined CADD and Virtual Screening to Identify Novel Nonpeptidic Falcipain-2 Inhibitors
Authors: Rajguru Trisha , Bora Dipshikha , Modi Mahendra Kumar
Published: July 2020

Background:

Plasmodium falciparum is the most dangerous and widespread diseasecausing
species of malaria. Falcipain-2 (FP2) of Plasmodium falciparum, is a potential target for
antimalarial chemotherapy since it is involved in an essential cellular function such as hemoglobin
degradation during the parasite’s life cycle. However, despite their central role in the life cycle of
the parasite, no commercial drug targeting Falcipain-2 has been developed to date. Prior efforts to
develop peptide-based drugs against Plasmodium have been futile due to their susceptibility to being
degraded by host enzymes.

Objective:

Here, we report computer-aided drug design of new nonpeptidic inhibitors against FP2,
which are likely to be safe from degradation by host enzymes.

Methods:

We have virtually screened for the probable FP2 inhibitors from the PubChem database
by submitting the well-equilibrated 3-D structure of FP2. Furthermore, virtual screenings and dockings
were carried out using PyRx and Discovery Studio.

Results:

We found 15 top-ranking molecules with carbaldehyde pharmacophore having a good fit
with the target protein. Based on the C-Docker values, the top 4 hits (PubChem 44138738, Pub-
Chem 20983198, PubChem 20983081 and PubChem 28951461) for FP2 were identified. These
four hits have been observed to bound to the active cleft of the protein. Moreover, their complexes
were also found to be stable from the RMSD and Radius of Gyration analysis.

Conclusion:

The selected compounds 2-(benzylamino)-8-methylquinoline-3-carbaldehyde (Pub-
Chem44138738), 6-bromo-2-(3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-2-yl)quinoline-3-carbaldehyde (Pub-
Chem 20983198), 2-(3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-2-yl)-6-ethylquinoline-3-carbaldehyde(PubChem
20983081)and 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]quinoline-3-carbaldehyde (PubChem 28951461) may be
the starting point for further modification as a new type of nonpeptidic drug for malaria disease.
Piperine from Black Pepper Decreased the Expression of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in Macrophages
Authors: Gholijani Nasser , Hashemi Esmaeil , Amirghofran Zahra
Published: July 2020

Background:

Macrophages are the main players involved in inflammation. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1
(ICAM-1) facilitates macrophage polarization prior to extravasation into inflamed tissue. Piperine a natural product derived
from black pepper possess useful biological and pharmacological activities. In current study, the possible anti-inflammatory
effect of piperine on the expression of ICAM-1 on J774.1 murine macrophage cell line was investigated.

Methods:

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated J774.1 cells were cultured in the presence of different concentrations of
piperine to examine the changes in ICAM-1 expression by real-time PCR and flow cytometry.

Results:

We found that piperine decreased ICAM-1 gene expression level from 2.4 ± 0.25 RFC
(relative fold change) in LPS-only treated cells to 0.85 ± 0.525 RFC at 1µg/ml (p<0.05), 0.43 ±
0.27 RFC at 10µg/ml (p<0.01), and 0.26 ± 0.25 RFC at 20µg/ml (p<0.01). In flow cytometry,
piperine at all concentrations significantly decreased ICAM-1 surface expressions (P<0.05). The
geometric mean fluorescence intensity (g-MFI) in LPS-only treated cells (792 ± 57.3) decreased to
482±70 g-MFI at 20 μg/ml piperine.

Conclusion:

According to the results of this study, by decreasing the expression of ICAM-1, piperine is suggested as a candidate to reduce inflammation and has the potential for therapeutic benefits for immune-mediated diseases.
Photocatalytic Treatment of Environmental Pollutants using Multilevel- Structure TiO2-based Organic and Inorganic Nanocomposites
Authors: Cai Jiabai , Li Shunxing
Published: July 2020

Nanostructured materials often exhibit unique physical properties, such as fast carrier
transport, subwavelength optical waveguiding, and a high surface-area-to-volume ratio. When the size
of a material is reduced to nanoscale dimensions, its physical and chemical properties can change dramatically.
In addition, nanostructures offer exciting new opportunities for environmental applications.
In this review, we aim to provide an up-to-date summary of recent research related to multifunctional
TiO2-based inorganic and organic semiconductor nanomaterials, covering both their synthesis and applications.
After a brief introduction of the definition and classification of TiO2-based inorganic and
organic semiconductor nanomaterial structures, we discuss various application strategies, such as sewage
treatment, heavy metal removal, and the oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes. In
our previous work, we fabricated a variety of TiO2-based hollow spheres using a diverse range of materials
from inorganic semiconductors to organic semiconductors and applied these structures as photocatalysts.
Further, the development of these nanostructures may enable numerous applications in the
field of environmental technology.
Zinc Phosphate and Resin Cements Provide Similar Bonding of Cast Metal Post to Dentin
Authors: Ferreira Carolina J. , Benetti Paula , Nicolodi Karen , da Rocha Larissa S. , De Carli João P.
Published: July 2020

Background:

Cast metal posts-and-core are frequently used to retain restorations to extensively
destroyed teeth. However, the influence of different cements on the posts bond strength to
dentin remains unclear. Objective: to evaluate the effect of different cements on the bond strength of
cast metal posts and dentin.

Methods:

Forty roots (14 mm length) of extracted human teeth were endodontically treated and prepared.
Impressions of each root canal were taken to obtain customized cast metal posts. The roots
were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10): (1) ZP: zinc phosphate cement (non adhesive); (2)
ARC_Sin: Single Bond adhesive and RelyX ARC; (3) ARC_Sco: Scotchbond adhesive and RelyX
ARC; (4) U200: RelyX U200. After cementation, the samples were cross-sectioned to obtain specimens
of 1mm thickness. Push-out test was performed applying a compressive load (0.5 mm/min) to
the center of the metal post until failure. Bond strength was calculated based on the diameter of the
root canal and the thickness of each specimen. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey
(α=0.05). The fracture mode was analyzed.

Results:

Bond strength values were statistically similar between the groups (p>0.05). The fracture
analysis showed the prevalence of mixed fractures (cement partially attached to the dentin and/or
post). Experimental groups showed inexpressive amount of adhesive fractures (complete detachment
of the cement from dentin and/or post). The ARC_Sco and U200 groups presented higher prevalence
of dentin cohesive fracture.

Conclusion:

Bonding had no influence on the immediate bond strength between cast metal posts and
root canal dentin.