bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Sum Product Estimates on Different Sets
Authors: Shen Chun-Yen
Published: January 2020

Let $F_p$ be a finite field of $p$ elements with $p$ prime. In this paper we show that for $A ,B \subset F_p$ with $|B|\leq |A| < p^{{1 \over 2}}$ then $$\max\big(|A+B|, |AB|\big) \gtrapprox \bigg({|B|^{14} \over |A|^{13}}\bigg)^{1/18}|A|.$$ This gives an explicit exponent in a sum-product estimate for different sets by Bourgain.
A Characterization for Sparse $\varepsilon$-Regular Pairs
Authors: Gerke Stefanie , Steger Angelika
Published: January 2020

We are interested in $(\varepsilon)$-regular bipartite graphs which are the central objects in the regularity lemma of Szemerédi for sparse graphs. A bipartite graph $G=(A\uplus B,E)$ with density $p={|E|}/({|A||B|})$ is $(\varepsilon)$-regular if for all sets $A'\subseteq A$ and $B'\subseteq B$ of size $|A'|\geq \varepsilon|A|$ and $|B'|\geq \varepsilon |B|$, it holds that $\left| {e_G(A',B')}/{(|A'||B'|)}- p\right| \leq \varepsilon p$. In this paper we prove a characterization for $(\varepsilon)$-regularity. That is, we give a set of properties that hold for each $(\varepsilon)$-regular graph, and conversely if the properties of this set hold for a bipartite graph, then the graph is $f(\varepsilon)$-regular for some appropriate function $f$ with $f(\varepsilon)\rightarrow 0$ as $\varepsilon\rightarrow 0$. The properties of this set concern degrees of vertices and common degrees of vertices with sets of size $\Theta(1/p)$ where $p$ is the density of the graph in question.
Gray-ordered Binary Necklaces
Authors: Degni Christopher , Drisko Arthur A.
Published: January 2020

A $k$-ary necklace of order $n$ is an equivalence class of strings of length $n$ of symbols from $\{0,1,\ldots,k-1\}$ under cyclic rotation. In this paper we define an ordering on the free semigroup on two generators such that the binary strings of length $n$ are in Gray-code order for each $n$. We take the binary necklace class representatives to be the least of each class in this ordering. We examine the properties of this ordering and in particular prove that all binary strings factor canonically as products of these representatives. We conjecture that stepping from one representative of length $n$ to the next in this ordering requires only one bit flip, except at easily characterized steps.
On Subsequence Sums of a Zero-sum Free Sequence
Authors: Sun Fang
Published: January 2020

Let $G$ be a finite abelian group with exponent $m$, and let $S$ be a sequence of elements in $G$. Let $f(S)$ denote the number of elements in $G$ which can be expressed as the sum over a nonempty subsequence of $S$. In this paper, we show that, if $|S|=m$ and $S$ contains no nonempty subsequence with zero sum, then $f(S)\geq 2m-1$. This answers an open question formulated by Gao and Leader. They proved the same result with the restriction $(m,6)=1$.
Using Lovász Local Lemma in the Space of Random Injections
Authors: Lu Linyuan , Székely László
Published: January 2020

The Lovász Local Lemma is known to have an extension for cases where independence is missing but negative dependencies are under control. We show that this is often the case for random injections, and we provide easy-to-check conditions for the non-trivial task of verifying a negative dependency graph for random injections. As an application, we prove existence results for hypergraph packing and Turán type extremal problems. A more surprising application is that tight asymptotic lower bounds can be obtained for asymptotic enumeration problems using the Lovász Local Lemma.
La imagen femenina en el arte cubano. Un análisis desde la perspectiva de género
Authors: Enriquez Roche Melissa Margarita , González Aróstegui Mely del Rosario
Published: January 2020

El tratamiento de la imagen femenina en el arte cubano responde a la evolución histórica de la representación de la mujer en el ámbito internacional. Durante su desarrollo ha estado atada a los cánones establecidos por una cultura patriarcal, de manera particular en el arte naif, que refleja la subjetividad de los autores sin mediar los filtros académicos. En el escenario cubano no existe una abundancia de literatura científica sobre la representación de la imagen femenina en el arte y su relación intrínseca con los contextos sociales de las mujeres, que en Cuba y Latinoamérica están conectados a una cultura históricamente falocéntrica. Se plantea como objetivo del estudio: identificar las características de la imagen femenina en el arte cubano, con énfasis en el arte naif. Para la obtención de resultados se emplean métodos en los niveles teórico y empírico. En el nivel teórico se emplea el método histórico-lógico. En el nivel empírico se utiliza el análisis documental, fundamentalmente los autores María Teresa Alario (2000), Adelaida de Juan (2002, 2006) y Yolanda Wood (2017). El presente artículo aborda el tratamiento de la imagen femenina en el arte cubano desde una perspectiva de género. Se concluye que la representación de la imagen femenina en el arte naif cubano responde a los esquemas de dominación patriarcal normalizados en la sociedad cubana actual.
PENGARUH RELAKSASI PROGRESIF DAN MEDITASI TERHADAP TINGKAT STRES PASIEN HIPERTENSI
Authors: Candra I Wayan
Published: January 2020

Hypertension is a risk factor to the three biggest causes of premature death. The psychological impact is happening is that patients undergo stress, anxiety, depression, fear and anxiety. The method used is a quasi-experimental research design using design with equivalent control group design. The sampling technique is done by simple random sampling. Number of samples 70 people for a progressive relaxation group and for group meditation. Data analysis techniques of progressive relaxation effect of interventions to decrease stres levels by Paired t-test. Effect of meditation interventions to decrease stres levels also Paired t-test. Effectiveness of progressive relaxation and meditation in reducing stres using independent t-test.The results showed significant effect the progressive relaxation of the stres levels in hypertension patients. The mean value before 56.2571 and 41.7429 afterward, t=7,992 and p=0.000.Meditation can reduce stres levels in hypertension patients significantly.The mean value previously 59.4000, 24.1714 afterward, t = 11 223, p = 0.000. Meditation more effective than progressive relaxation in lowering stres levels in patients with hypertension in the Health Center of North Kuta, Badung, 2016. The difference in means at 14.5143 while the progressive relaxation group the mean difference in the meditation group 35.2286, t=-5712 and p=0.000. Conclusion the progressive relaxation and meditation can lower the stress level in patients of hypertension (p=0.000).Meditation is more effective to lower the stress level in patients of hypertention (p=0.000)Key Wards: Progressive Relaxation, Meditation,Stress,Hypertention
GAMBARAN SWAMEDIKASI ANALGESIK PADA LANSIA DENGAN NYERI SENDI DI PELAYANAN KOMUNITAS
Authors: Sanjaya Dwi Arymbhi , Damayanti Ida Ayu Manik , Antari Ni Wayan Sukma , Padmiswari Anak Agung Istri Mas
Published: January 2020

Pendahuluan: Analgesik merupakan salah satu obat yang paling banyak digunakan secara swamedikasi oleh pasien lansia. Keluhan yang mendorong pasien lansia menggunakan anlgesik secara swamedikasi adalah nyeri sendi. Mengingat pentingnya swamedikasi analgesik yang tepat pada nyeri sendi yang dialami oleh lansia, maka penelitian ini dilakukan sebagai penelitian pendahuluan untuk memperoleh profil penggunaan analgesik dan gambaran pasien lansia yang melakukan swamedikasi anlagesik pada nyeri sendi. Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan di salah satu apotek swasta di Denpasar yang memiliki pelayanan khusus konsultasi, informasi dan edukasi obat bagi lansia selama bulan April-Juni 2018. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional yang menggunakan lembar observasi untuk pengumpulan data. Penelitian ini melibatkan 87 sampel penelitian yang telah memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nyeri sendi lebih sering terjadi pada pasien lansia yang berjenis kelamin laki-laki yaitu sebesar 63,2% dengan rata-rata frekuensi swamedikasi 13,31 kali per bulan. Pasien lansia yang tidak sekolah sebesar 35,5% melakukan swamedikasi analgesik dengan rata-rata frekuensi swamedikasi 15,87 kali per bulan Pasien lansia yang tinggal sendiri melakukan swamedikasi analgesik pada nyeri sendi sebesar 56,35% dengan rata-rata frekuensi swamedikasi 12,76 kali per bulan. Golongan analgesik yang digunakan adalah analgesik kombinasi non-steroid antiinflammantory drugs (NSAID) dan non-NSAID (58%) dengan jenis NSAID terbanyak yaitu natrium diklofenak (28,7%) dan non-NSAID terbanyak yaitu dexamethasone (31%) untuk mengatasi nyeri pada asam urat (72,4%). Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini memberikan gambaran swamedikasi analgesik pada lansia dengan nyeri sendi tanpa melihat dan menganalisa kekuatan hubungan yang mempengaruhi setiap parameter.
DOMINAN FACTORS RELATED TO QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH END STAGE RENAL FAILURE UNDERGOING HEMODIALYSIS AT TABANAN GENERAL HOSPITAL
Authors: Parut Anselmus Aristo , Dewi I Gusti Ayu Puja Astuti
Published: January 2020

Background : Renal failure is a clinical condition which irreversible reduction in renal function and need hemodialysis as replacement for kidney function. Hemodialysis is a dialysis that perform outsite the body. Indonesian Association Of Nephrology (Pernerfi) stated that new hemodialysis and active hemodialysis patients in Indonesia since 2007-2018 increased, 14.644 new hemodialysis patients and 7.276 active hemodialysis patients.Method : This is a descriptive analysis study with cross-sectional design and multiple logistic regression to identify dominant factor related to quality of life hemodialysis patients. Location of this research was Tabanan General Hospital. The sampling technique was nonprability sampling with total population were 166 patients. Data collected using insomnia questionnaire, family support questionnaire, quality if life questionnaire and complication observation form. Result : The result showed that, higher OR found in intra hemodialysis variabel (OR:180,917), which mean that intra hemodialysis complication is a dominan factor related to quality of life hemodialysis patients. Patients who had complication were more likely to have low quality of life. Further study are needed to identify factors related to intra hemodialysis complications.  Keywords : Dominan factors, intra hemodialysis complications, quality if life, end stage renal failure, hemodialysis.
Factor Assocoated with Stigma Towards People Living With HIV/AID Among Nursing Students
Authors: Parut Anselmus Aristo , Astuti Dewi I Gusti Ayu Puja , Wulandari Pw
Published: January 2020

Background: Stigma towards people living with HIV/AIDS is a problem in control, prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS. Stigma by health care worker in hospital is one of the  main challenges in preventing and manage HIV/AIDS especially in developing country. Methods : this is a cross-sectional study, respondents were bachelor of nursing students program regular, program transfer and recognition of prior learning program. We used KQ-18 questionnaire to assess HIV/AIDS related knowledge,  belief and values questionnaire to asses religiosity, modified Nurse AIDS Attitude Scale to assess stigma and stigma perception in workplace. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20. Descriptive statistics were conducted to summarize the sample characteristics. Results: A total 132 nursing students participated, recognition of prior learning nursing students have higher knowledge about HIV/AIDS (mean=13,84), bachelor of nursing students regular program have higher stigma (mean=96,30), person correlation analysis showed that there is a significant correlations between knowledge and stigma towards people living with HIV ( p= 0,001), regression analysis showed that p value = 0,000 which mean that educational background, work experiences and knowledge simultaneously affect stigma towards people living with HIV/AIDS. Conclusions : the finding of this research showed high magnitude of stigma towards people living with HIV/AIDS among nursing students, training and continuing education are needed to improve knowledge and reduce stigma towards people living with HIV/AIDS.
GAMBARAN KARAKTERISTIK WANITA POSTMENOPAUSE YANG TINGGAL DI WILAYAH PEDESAAN INDONESIA
Authors: Diyu Ida Ayu Ningrat Pangruating
Published: January 2020

Latar Belakang: Menopause merupakan tonggak yang penting dalam kesehatan wanita dan signifikan mempengaruhi kualitas hidup wanita. Memasuki masa post-menopause keluhan akan  gejala menopause yang dialami meningkat.  Penelitian yang meneliti mengenai karakteristik maupun keluhan-keluhan wanita postmenopause yang tinggal di pedesaan masih jarang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik wanita postmenopause yang tinggal di pedesaan.Metode Penelitian: Desain penelitianyang digunakan adalah deskriptif cross sectional study. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Petang, salah satu daerah  pedesaan di Bali, Indonesia. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 392 wanita postmenopause. Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop (STRAW+10) digunakan untuk mengklasifikasikan wanita post menopause. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah instrument yang dirancang sendiri untuk mengetahui karakteritik demografi dan pola kebiasaan serta Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) untuk gejala-gejala menopause.Hasil Penelitian: Hasil analisa data menunjukkan sebagian besar wanita postmenopause yang tinggal di daerah pedesaan memiliki kebiasaan mengkonsumsi kopi yakni sebanyak 315 responden  (80,4%) dan tidak terbiasa berolahraga 218 (55,6%). Keluhan gejala -gejala menopause  dirasakan oleh wanita postmenopause diantaranya rasa tidak nyaman pada persendian dan otot yakni sebanyak 316 wanita  (82%), kelelahan fisik dan mental sebanyak 275 wanita (70,3%), masalah tidur sebanyak 223 (56,9%,), masalah seksual sebanyak 179 (45,7%), rasa tidak nyaman pada jantung sebanyak 122 (31,2%) serta badan terasa panas dan berkeringat sebanyak 119 (30,4%).Kesimpulan:  Wanita postmenopause yang tinggal didaerah pedesaan memiliki karakteritik yang sedikit berbeda . Hampir sebagian besar wanita postmenopause mengeluhkan lebih dari satu gejala menopause. Hal ini menjadi perhatian khusus dan tantangan tersendiri bagi petugas kesehatan dalam merancang intervensi yang tepat guna membantu mengatasi gejala-gejala yang dialami oleh wanita postmenopause
SENSE OF POWER PADA MAHASISWA DITINJAU DARI POLA ASUH IBU
Authors: Savira Alice Whita
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan sense of power mahasiswa ditinjau dari pola asuh ibu. Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini adalah ada perbedaan sense of power mahasiswa ditinjau dari pola asuh ibu. Dimana sense of power mahasiswa paling tinggi adalah mahasiswa yang diasuh dengan pola asuh otoritatif dan yang memiiki sense of power paling rendah adalah mahasiswa yang diasuh dengan pola asuh otoritarian.  Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah 82 mahasiswa yang diambil dengan teknik pengambilan sampel accidental. Alat pengumpulan data menggunakan skala sense of power Anderson (2012) dan skala parental authority questionnaire (PAQ) (Buri, 1991), Uji coba alat ukur telah dilakukan dan menunjukkan reliabilitas skala sense of power 0,827. Skala PAQ dengan reliabilitas 0,773 untuk skala ibu permisif, 0,748 untuk skala pola asuh ibu otoritarian, dan 0,855 untuk skala pola asuh ibu otoritatif. Teknik analisis yang dilakukan adalah menggunakan one way anova-games dowell. Uji hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada sense of power mahasiswa ditinjau dari pola asuh ibu, dengan nilai sum of squares between groups = 873.181,p = 0,000 (p<0,05). Perbedaan ini khususnya pada mahasiswa yang diasuh dengan pola asuh otoritarian dan pola asuh otoritatif. Mahasiswa yang diasuh dengan pola asuh otoritarian memiliki sense of power yang paling rendah dibandingkan dengan mahasiswa yang diasuh dengan pola asuh otoritatif dan perimisif.  Analisis tambahan juga dilakukan untuk melihat sense of power berdasarkan gender mahasiswa.
Upaya Pengurus Koperasi Pegawai Negeri Telaga Mangku Dalam Mensejahterakan Anggota Di Desa Baun Bango Kecamatan Kamipang Kabupaten Katingan
Authors: J-ips Admin
Published: January 2020

ABSTRAKLatar belakang dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana Upaya pengurus KoperasiPegawai Negeri (KPN) Telaga Mangku dalam mensejahterakan anggota melalui peningkatan pendapatandan Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) anggota. Fokus penelitian ini adalah Upaya Pengurus Koperasi PegawaiNegeri (KPN) Telaga Mangku Dalam Mensejahterakan Anggota Di Desa Baun Bango KecamatanKamipang Kabupaten Katingan. Pendekatan dan jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitupendekatan kualitatif. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini meliputi ketua, sekretaris, bendahara dan anggotaKoperasi Pegawai Negeri (KPN) Telaga Mangku. Data dikumpulkan dengan melakukan observasi,wawancara,dan dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah reduksi data, penyajian data danpenarikan kesimpulan.Dari hasil penelitian, ditemukan bahwa pertama Koperasi Pegawai Negeri (KPN) Telaga Mangkumeningkatkan kualitas anggota dengan mengadakan pelatihan. Kedua, upaya atau kegiatan untukmeningkatkan pendapatan anggota yaitu dengan memberikan pinjaman kepada anggota Maksimal pinjamanyang diperbolehkan Rp.50.000.000.00 (Lima Puluh Juta Rupiah) dengan jangka waktu pelunasan pinjamanyaitu 5 tahun (60 bulan) bunga tetap 1%. Ketiga, pengurus Koperasi Pegawai Negeri (KPN) Telaga Mangkumemiliki faktor pendukung dalam mensejahterkan anggotanya dilihat dari anggotanya itu sendiri dimanaanggota tersebut berstatus Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) dan mempunyai gaji tetap sehingga iuran yang dibayar anggota setiap bulannya dapat berjalan lancar tanpa ada penunggakan pada setiap bulannya, faktorpenghambat yaitu pengembalian pinjaman anggota, dimana transaksi pembayaran pinjaman antar anggotadan pengurus masih dilakukan secara manual bukan dilakukan secara otomatis atau langsung dilakukanpemotongan gajih melewati bank. Keempat, anggota merasakan kesejahteraan dengan upaya pengurus baikdari segi, informasi, pelayanan, keramahtamahan, bunga pinjaman, pencatatan tabungan, serta keamananpada saat menabung, maka anggota merasa sangat senang dan aman terhadapa upaya yang sudah dilakukanpengurus Koperasi Pegawai Negeri (KPN) Telaga Mangku ini.Kata Kunci: Upaya Pengurus, Kesejahteraan Anggota
Factive islands from necessary blocking
Authors: Schwarz Bernhard , Oshima David Yoshikazu , Simonenko Alexandra
Published: January 2020

Oshima (2007) and Schwarz & Simonenko (2018a) credit the unacceptabilityof so-called factive islands to necessary infelicity – the violation of someor other felicity condition on (wh-)questions in all accessible contexts. We applythis analysis to new types of factive islands – in wh-questions with if any and inmultiple wh-questions – and argue that they pose challenges for an analysis in termsof necessary infelicity. We propose that factive islandhood can be understood asdue to necessary blocking: in all accessible contexts where such a question wouldotherwise be felicitous, the speaker would have had to use a different, more suitable,question instead. We show that the necessary blocking analysis applies correctly toboth classic factive islands and to the new types that we have identified.
I can't believe it's not lexical: Deriving distributed veridicality
Authors: Roberts Tom
Published: January 2020

Given the assumption that selection is a strictly local relationship between a head and its complement, we expect the ability of a head to take a particular argument to be insensitive to linguistic material above that head. The verb believe poses a puzzle under this view: while believe ordinarily only permits declarative clausal complements, interrogative complements are allowed when believe occurs under clausal negation and can or will, and a veridical reading becomes available. I argue that this provides evidence that believe is not simply a standard Hintikkan representational belief verb, but rather is fundamentally question-embedding,and that the verb's lexical semantics, including an excluded middle presupposition, interact with the modal and negation to derive the veridicality of can't believe. I conclude that veridicality need not be lexical: the right mix of semantic ingredients can conspire to yield a veridical interpretation, even if those ingredients are distributed across multiple lexical items.
Predictive Accuracy of Wideband Absorbance at Ambient and Tympanometric Peak Pressure Conditions in Identifying Children with Surgically Confirmed Otitis Media with Effusion
Authors: Aithal Venkatesh , Aithal Sreedevi , Kei Joseph , Anderson Shane , Wright David
Published: January 2020

Background: Wideband absorbance (WBA) measured at ambient pressure (WBAA) does not directly accountfor middle ear pressure effects. On the other hand, WBA measured at tympanometric peak pressure(TPP) (WBATPP) may compensate for the middle ear pressure effects. To date, there are no studies thathave compared WBAA and WBATPP in ears with surgically confirmed otitis media with effusion (OME).
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the predictive accuracy of WBAA and WBATPP inears with OME.
Research Design: Prospective cross-sectional study.
Study Sample: A total of 60 ears from 38 healthy children (mean age = 6.5 years, SD = 1.84 years) and60 ears from 38 children (mean age = 5.5 years, SD = 3.3 years) with confirmed OME during myringotomywere included in this study.
Data Collection and Analysis: Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance.The predictive accuracy of WBAA and WBATPP was determined using receiver operating characteristics(ROC) analyses.
Results: Both WBAA and WBATPP were reduced in ears with OME compared with that in healthy ears.The area under the ROC (AROC) curve was 0.92 for WBAA at 1.5 kHz, whereas that for WBATPP at 1.25kHz was 0.91. In comparison, the AROC for 226-Hz tympanometry based on the static acoustic admittance(Ytm) measure was 0.93.
Conclusions: Both WBAA and WBATPP showed high and similar test performance, but neither test performedsignificantly better than 226-Hz tympanometry for detection of surgically confirmed OME.
A New Microquasar Candidate in M83
Authors: Soria Roberto , Blair William P. , Long Knox S. , Russell Thomas D. , Winkler P. Frank
Published: January 2020

Microquasars are neutron star or black hole X-ray binaries with jets. These jets can create bubbles of hot plasma shock ionized that can masquerade as peculiar supernova remnants (SNRs) in extragalactic surveys. To see if this is the case in the well-studied spiral galaxy M83, where one microquasar candidate (M83-MQ1) has already been identified, we studied the properties of nine SNR candidates, selected because of their elongated or irregular morphology, from the set of previously identified SNRs in that galaxy. Using multiwavelength data from Chandra, the Hubble Space Telescope, Gemini, and the Australia Telescope Compact Array, we found that at least six of our nine sources are best interpreted as SNRs. For one source, we do not have enough observational data to explain its linear morphology. Another source shows a nebular optical spectrum dominated by photoionization by O stars, but its excess [Fe ii] and radio luminosity suggest a possible hidden SNR. Finally, one source (S2) shows an elongated structure of ionized gas, two radio sources along that line, and an accretion-powered X-ray source in between them (the Chandra source L14-139). While S2 could be a chance alignment of multiple SNRs and one X-ray binary, it seems more likely that it is a single physical structure powered by the jet from the accreting compact object. In the latter case, the size and luminosity of S2 suggest a kinetic power of ∼1040 erg s−1, in the same class as the most powerful microquasars in the local universe (e.g., S26 in NGC 7793 and SS 433 in our own Galaxy).
Prospects for Life on Temperate Planets around Brown Dwarfs
Authors: Lingam Manasvi , Ginsburg Idan , Loeb Abraham
Published: January 2020

There is growing evidence that brown dwarfs may be comparable to main-sequence stars in terms of their abundance. In this paper, we explore the prospects for the existence of life on Earth-like planets around brown dwarfs. We consider the following factors: (i) the length of time that planets can exist in the temporally shifting habitable zone, (ii) the minimum photon fluxes necessary for oxygenic photosynthesis, and (iii) the lower limits on the fluxes of ultraviolet radiation to drive prebiotic reactions ostensibly necessary for the origin of life. By taking these effects into consideration, we find that it is unlikely for brown dwarfs with masses ≲30 M

J
to host habitable planets over geologically significant timescales. We also briefly discuss some of the major biosignatures that might arise on these planets, assess the likelihood of their detection, and highlight some avenues for further study.
Comparison of Clinico-Pathological Presentations of Triple-Negative versus Triple-Positive and HER2 Iraqi Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Alwan Nada A. S. , Tawfeeq Furat N.
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer remains the most common malignancy among the Iraqi population. Affected patients exhibit different clinical behaviours according to the molecular subtypes of the tumour.
AIM: To identify the clinical and pathological presentations of the Iraqi breast cancer subtypes identified by Estrogen receptors (ER), Progesterone receptors (PR) and HER2 expressions.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: The present study comprised 486 Iraqi female patients diagnosed with breast cancer. ER, PR and HER2 contents of the primary tumours were assessed through immunohistochemical staining; classifying the patients into five different groups: Triple Negative (ER/PR negative/HER2 negative), Triple Positive (ER/PR positive/HER2 positive), Luminal A (ER/PR positive/HER2 negative), HER2 enriched ((ER/PR negative/HER2 positive) and all other subtypes.
RESULTS: The major registered subtype was the Luminal A which was encountered in 230 patients (47.3%), followed by the Triple Negative (14.6%), Triple Positive (13.6%) and HER2 Enriched (11.5%). Patients exhibiting the Triple Negative subtype were significantly younger than the rest of the groups and presented with larger size tumours. A significant difference in the distribution of the breast cancer stages was displayed (p < 0.05); the most advanced were noted among those with HER2 enriched tumours who exhibited the highest frequency of poorly differentiated carcinomas and lymph node involvement.
CONCLUSION: The most significant variations in the clinicopathological presentations were observed in the age and clinical stage of the patients at diagnosis. Adoption of breast cancer molecular subtype classification in countries with limited resources could serve as a valuable prognostic marker in the management of aggressive forms of the disease.
Transformer l’héritage du passé traumatique après un génocide : l’étayage sur la photographie dans le processus de symbolisation et d’historicisation
Authors: Katz-Gilbert Muriel , Bourguignon Manon , Lo Piccolo Giuseppe
Published: January 2020

La déshumanisation à l’œuvre dans le projet génocidaire et l’héritage d’un tel événement traumatique entraîne une catastrophe de la transmission et de la filiation. S’ensuit une impasse des processus d’identification et de différenciation sur plusieurs générations. Dans cette contribution, on interroge la nature des obstacles entravant le processus de deuil, de séparation et l’investissement de la vie après une catastrophe sociale. Il s’agit pour cela de rendre compte du travail de subjectivation nécessaire à l’appropriation de sa propre histoire et de celle de sa propre famille de manière à pouvoir engager un processus de séparation/différenciation. À travers une étude de cas, l’article montre la pertinence d’une rencontre clinique « médiatisée » pour la compréhension et la perlaboration du vécu traumatique d’une famille survivante qui vit entre-soi. Nous discuterons, en particulier, l’apport de la photographie comme une première tentative de figuration des affects et de mise au travail des processus intermédiaires garants de leur symbolisation.
La financiarisation des politiques sociales au Mexique : la laborieuse conversion des transferts monétaires en produits financiers
Authors: Morvant-Roux Solène , Carmona Mariana
Published: January 2020

L’article analyse une évolution récente du programme de transferts sociaux, Prospera au Mexique. Le gouvernement mexicain tente de lier ces aides à des produits financiers (crédit, épargne) pour les bénéficiaires. Justifié comme une question technique dans un souci de meilleure efficacité, nous montrons que ce passage s’accompagne de transformations profondes à la fois des acteurs impliqués dans la mise en œuvre de cette nouvelle génération de programmes sociaux financiarisés et d’injonctions contradictoires qui cadrent l’usage des transferts monétaires. Ainsi, monnaie à usage social et monnaie vouée à produire des dettes financières ne s’avèrent pas naturellement convertibles. Classification JEL : D14 ; O16 ; O38
Digital Nullification of Visual Distortion to Quantify Metamorphopsia: A Pilot Study
Authors: Lifton Jacob A. , Moshfeghi Andrew A.
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate a novel digital method of metamorphopsia quantification in patients with symptomatic visual distortion as determined by M-CHARTS.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

In this institutional review board-approved, prospective, cross-sectional observational study, subjects were presented with an objectively straight dotted line that bisects a central fixation point. The subjects digitally altered the line's contour until it appeared straight. Calculation of the area between the original objectively straight line presented to the subject and their newly manipulated line was performed to determine the manipulated area under the curve (M-AUC).

RESULTS:

Sixty-two percent of test targets were fully or significantly straightened by affected subjects. M-AUC was significantly correlated with M-CHARTS scores in both the horizontal (
P
< .001) and vertical (
P
= .05) orientations.

CONCLUSIONS:

The deformation of an objectively straight line by a subject with metamorphopsia may be a viable way of both quantifying and spatially characterizing visual distortions.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2020;51:11–20.]
Nutritional value of fatty acids of the Neotropical freshwater fishes Prochilodus magdalenae, Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum and Ageneiosus pardalis
Authors: Márquez-Fernández P. M. , Márquez E. J. , Ruiz-Villadiego O. S. , Márquez-Fernández D. M.
Published: January 2020

This study aimed to determine the nutritional value of the fatty acids in the freshwater fish Prochilodus magdalenae, Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum and Ageneiosus pardalis during dry and wet Neotropical seasons with the view to generate useful information for nutrition and sustainable commercial exploitation. The analysis of fatty acids was performed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and the nutritional value was calculated using five estimators: n-6/n-3 ratio, unsaturation index (UI), atherogenicity index (AI), thrombogenicity index (TI) and ratio of hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic (h/H) fatty acids. A different number of fatty acids (P. magdaleniatum = 50, P. magdalenae = 41, and A. pardalis = 32) was identified for each species and the average abundance percentages were different in the two seasons (p < 0.05). Prochilodus magdalenae and P. magdaleniatum showed healthy n-6/n-3 ratios (1.04 and 2.72) in the different seasons. Although the three species showed low values of UI (0.37–0.63), the remaining nutritional indexes were within the healthy range (AI: 0.04–0.70, TI: 0.66–1.07, h/H: 0.80 – 24.40). Multivariate analysis showed similar healthy nutritional values for the species, with exception of P. magdaleniatum.
Waxes used as structuring agents for food organogels: A Review
Authors: Mandu C. C. , Barrera-Arellano D. , Santana M. H.A. , Fernandes G. D.
Published: January 2020

Lipids are key ingredients in the human diet. Because of the manipulation and modification of lipids in the food industry, the amount of trans and saturated fat has been substantially increasing in industrialized products. At the same time, the number of studies demonstrating the harmful effects of these foods on human health has increased. Organogels arise as a promising alternative for replacing trans and saturated fat in processed foods. Among the main challenges of preparing an organogel is the difficulty of finding compatible and viable structuring agents in the food industry. Waxes have been studied for this purpose and are one of the most promising organogelators. This article brings a bibliographical review on the recent studies regarding the use of waxes as structuring agents for edible vegetable oils.
Effects of the drying process on the fatty acid content, phenolic profile, tocopherols and antioxidant activity of baru almonds (Dipteryx alata Vog.)
Authors: Campidelli M. L.L. , Carneiro J. D.S. , Souza E. C. , Magalhães M. L. , Nunes E. E.C. , Faria P. B. , Franco M. , Vilas Boas E. V.B.
Published: January 2020

This study carried out a chromatographic and spectrophotometric characterization of the bioactive compounds, antioxidants, phenolics, tocopherols, sterols and fatty acids of baru almonds “in natura” and submitted to drying processes. It was determined that baru “in natura” almonds presented high levels of phenolic compounds, vitamin C, antioxidants, phenolics, sterols, total monounsaturated fatty acids and low thrombogenic, and atherogenic indexes. During the process of drying it at 65 °C for 30 minutes, a decrease was noted in the levels of caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, anthocyanins, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, o-coumaric acid, quercetin, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The same condition resulted in an increase in the levels of gallic acid, rutin, catechin, trans-cinnamic acid, vanillin, m-coumaric acid, tocopherols, monounsaturated fatty acids and antioxidant activity (ORAC and DPPH). When submitted to a temperature of 105 ºC for 30 minutes the same behavior was seen with a reduction in the vitamin C and ORAC contents and increased presence of flavonoids.
Requiem pour les grands espaces de l’Amérique indienne
Authors: Hubner Patrick
Published: January 2020

Trois ans après le massacre de Wounded Knee en décembre 1890, Frederick Jackson Turner prononce sa fameuse conférence sur la Frontière dans l’histoire américaine. Ce mythe historique illustre l’avancée de la civilisation pionnière sur la nature et, au crépuscule du XIXe siècle, le terme d’une longue épopée guerrière et la fin des grands espaces amérindiens. Suit le temps du déni ou du moins l’idée largement partagée que c’est une affaire classée, comme si l’histoire ne se définissait pas dans l’épaisseur même de ce temps qui donne une dimension tragique au seul présent lucide. Pour dissimuler cet oubli volontaire, tout a été fait en sorte que l’histoire indienne relève de l’archéologie dans le devenir d’une nation récente cadastrant des réserves et inaugurant des musées comme un sanctuaire officiel du patrimoine culturel et de l’art indiens. Aussi s’agit-il ici d’accorder à l’Autre la place qui lui revient, bien au-delà de son statut de minorité, pour ne pas prolonger les effets du génocide programmé par une nouvelle forme de colonisation intellectuelle des grands espaces de l’Amérique du Nord.
Non-Adaptive Decision Thresholds for Gain Saturated FSO Links Limited by Weak to Strong Turbulence and Pointing Errors
Authors: Bandele Jeremiah Oluwatosin , Onibonoje Moses Oluwafemi , Aladeloba Abisayo O.
Published: January 2020

In free space optical (FSO) communication systems limited by atmospheric turbulence, the use of non-adaptive decision thresholds to determine the transmitted bits results in bit error rate (BER) floors at high BER values in all turbulence regimes. Practically implementing an adaptive decision threshold that can properly track the fluctuations due to atmospheric turbulence is challenging, therefore, devising ways of optimising the non-adaptive decision threshold used by FSO designers is necessary. In this paper, the investigation of gain saturated pre-amplified FSO communication systems using non-adaptive decision thresholds in the presence of atmospheric turbulence, pointing errors (PEs), geometric spread (GS) and amplified spontaneous emission noise is carried out by applying analytical methods and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation techniques. System performance is carried out for various turbulence regimes, normalised beam widths, normalised PE standard deviations and small signal gains using fixed gain and gain saturated optical amplifiers (OAs). Results obtained show that in the presence of atmospheric turbulence, PE and GS, optimal BER performances are obtained with OA input powers higher than the internal saturation power of the OA. Also, by using high gain OAs and varying the decision threshold level, acceptable BER performances can be obtained in strong turbulence regimes with a non-adaptive decision threshold.
New Chemical Fibers Obtained from Wood, Activated by Steam Explosion Treatment
Authors: Safin Rushan G. , Prosvirnikov Dmitry B. , Tuntsev Denis V.
Published: January 2020

The article presents resource and energy saving environmentally friendly technology for efficient processing of wood waste (chipped wood, sawdust) into chemical fibers, such as lyocell type, compatible with the entire spectrum of natural and synthetic fibers, as well as having stable durability and reliability in the manufactured materials. The optimal parameters of the NMMO solvent were determined to achieve the minimum viscosity of the spinning solution. It has been given that it can be used for wear of the materials produced. The spinning solution was chosen for the NMMO solvent.
The Role of Surface Phenomena in Modified Cement Dispersions at Studying Poly-Functional Modifiers' Mechanism of Action
Authors: Kosukhin Mikhail M. , Kosukhin Andrei M.
Published: January 2020

The research findings of colloid and chemical properties of poly-functional modifiers (PFM) with various chemical compositions and qualitative and quantitative proportions of polar organic substances with various molecular weights have been presented. The possibility of regulating the properties of PFM and concrete mixes, modified by them by means of not only changing the chemical composition of modifiers, but combining the types and quantity of active admixtures of polar organic substances with various molecular weights has been shown. It has been demonstrated that the modifiers under study possess the surface activity at solid-solution phase boundary, reducing the surface tension σsolid-liquid (σs-l) At the same time the surface tension at the solution-air phase boundary can remain the same or reduce to a certain extent depending on the modifier’s chemical composition. PFM and superplasticizer (SP) SB-3, which have, unlike SP S-3, the certain surface activity at solid-solution boundary, increase the air entrainment into concrete mix by 0.5÷1.5%, additionally increasing the freeze-thaw resistance of concretes of both fluid and equal-workable compositions without affecting their strength. The adsorption of modifiers on the disperse phase of suspension is conditioned by dispersion forces and, independently of its kind, is of monomolecular nature. For the localization of PFM molecules on the surface of a particle, its molecule should have a system of bonded aromatic rings or conjugated double bonds. The adsorbed modifier’s molecules should make the disperse phase surface hydrophilic and for this purpose they should contain hydrophilic groups along the full length. All this predetermines the role of adsorption-solvation factor in modifiers’ mechanism of action.
Bioleaching of Non-Ferrous Metals from Arsenic-Bearing Sulfide Concentrate
Authors: Bulaev Aleksandr , Melamud Vitaliy , Boduen Anna
Published: January 2020

Tank bioleaching of substandard arsenic-bearing sulfide copper–zinc concentrate, containing 1.70, 6.22, and 7.30% of arsenic, copper, and zinc, was performed. The concentrate contained pyrite, chalcopyrite, tennantite, and sphalerite. Bioleaching was performed at 40°C using a mixed culture of acidophilic microorganisms in two modes. In the first mode, pulp density was 10%, while in the second it comprised 15%. Bioleaching made it possible to extract 17 and 70% of copper and zinc in the first mode, and 15 and 72% of copper and zinc in the second mode. The results obtained that bioleaching can be an effective approach to remove zinc from substandard copper-zinc concentrates. At the same time, copper minerals, including arsenic-bearing mineral tennantite, may be comparatively resistant to bioleaching, so requires the development of novel hydrometallurgical approaches for effective processing.
Influence of Polyelectrolytes on the Processes of Structure Formation of Copper Powders
Authors: Berezhnoi Yu.M. , Monastyrsky D.I. , Romanova O.N.
Published: January 2020

The results of the studies on the synthesis of ultrafine copper powders are described in the article. The mechanisms of formation of ultrafine powders, using water-soluble polyacrylamide and polyvinyl-pyrrolidone polymers, as particle growth inhibitors, are presented. The processes occurring in the presence of water-soluble polymers and their influence on the structure of the obtained ultrafine copper powders are described. The interaction of the matrix of polymer composite materials with filler particles is analyzed. The kinetics of crystallization and transformation of crystalline phases of the powder, due to the process in the presence of water-soluble polymers, as stabilizers of particle growth, are investigated.
Centrifugation of Interphase Suspension with the Use of Surfactants
Authors: Matyushina V.A. , Kolmachikhina O.B. , Vakula K.A.
Published: January 2020

Currently, in non–ferrous metallurgy, hydrometallurgical methods are practiced for metal recovering from copper ore in addition to pyrometallurgy, for example, SX–EW (solvent extraction–electrowinning). Although this technology gives the opportunity to get cathode copper from oxidized ores without thermal impact on the material, it has several disadvantages, one of which is the formation of interphase suspension or “crud” in the extraction process. The interphase suspension impedes and worsens extraction process performances and carries away the large number of valuable components, such as extractant, diluent and copper–containing solution. At present, this interphase suspension is not recycled, instead it is drained from the extractor and stored. Interphase suspension recycling is a highly relevant problem of hydrometallurgical production.
Plasma-Chemical Simulation Fragmentation of Chloroform in the Liquid Phase by Direct Electrical Discharges
Authors: Titov E.Yu. , Bodrikov I.V. , Kutin A. M.
Published: January 2020

The process of chloroform fragmentation under the influence of low-voltage electrical discharges in the liquid phase is modeled. The composition of the low-temperature plasma of chloroform activation products is determined, using a chemical plasma model (CPM). The CPM is based on the principle of minimizing the Gibbs energy, which is supplemented by the concept of conditionally-equilibrium states for describing the non-equilibrium of an electro-contact plasma. The developed model provided an opportunity to characterize the energy-saturated electronic subsystem with a temperature of ≈ 11600 K and its “cold” part (ions, intermediates, synthons, molecules, etc.), with a temperature of about 1000 K. According to the calculation results, the participation of valence unsaturated fragments CCl2, CH, Cl· and molecules HCl, Cl2, C2Cl4, C2Cl2 in the transformation of chloroform.
An Effect of the Epoxy Cementing Technology on the Deformation of the Optical External Surfaces Made of Quartz Glass
Authors: Kruchinin Dmitry , Aleshina Yulia , Farafontova Elena P.
Published: January 2020

The problematic issues, associated with deformations of the outer surfaces of optical parts made of quartz glass, due to the process of cementing, are considered. The effect of the heat treatment temperature of optical assemblies, consisting of parts made of quartz glass and cementing with epoxy cements OK-72FT5 and OK-72FT15, on the deformation of external surfaces was experimentally established. The object of the study was plane-convex and plane-concave lenses made of quartz glass. It has been stated, that on cementing with optical epoxy cements OK72FT5 and OK72FT15 the external quartz glass surface deformations depend primarily on the heat treatment temperature. When cementing parts are made of quartz glass, increasing the polymerization temperature improves the performance characteristics of products and reduces changes in their optical characteristics.
Investigation of Hydrometallurgical Processing of Titanomagnetite Ore Enrichment Waste
Authors: Makhotkina Elena S. , Shubina Marianna V. , Shubin I.G.
Published: January 2020

In the article the negative impact of titano-magnetite ore enrichment waste on the environment and the possibility of its use as vanadium-containing raw materials are overviewed. The chemical and mineralogical composition features of various samples of the Kusinsky deposit titanomagnetite ore tails are presented. Different combinations of their roasting processes (with and without salt additives, with oxides, carbonates, or their compositions) and leaching processes (with water or acid) during hydrometallurgical processing were analyzed.The experiment results on the extraction of vanadium in the form of soluble vanadates from the titanomagnetite ore tails by leaching from samples subjected to roasting with soda ash, sodium sulfate, calcium oxide, and sodium chloride in various mass ratios are presented. The significant influence of ore sample chemical composition on the vanadium extraction degree was revealed. It was revealed that for this type of vanadium raw material additives of sodium chloride and sodium carbonate are most preferable from the vanadium extraction degree point of view.
Obtaining of High Quality Iron Oxide from Nitric Acid Leaching Solution
Authors: Shoppert Andrey A. , Rogozhnikov Denis A. , Agapitov Y.E.
Published: January 2020

Low grade copper concentrate is a promising source for the future recovery of copper and other valuable components by nitric acid leaching, which leads to a formation of iron rich pregnant solution. In this study a method of producing of high-quality iron oxide from the pregnant solution by precipitation of jarosite with subsequent conversion of jarosite into magnetite under alkaline conditions in the presence of ferrous ions was explored. The degree of iron extraction was 87.4%, the copper content in the magnetite was 0.06% under the following optimal conditions of jarosite precipitation: precipitation time 6 h, initial pH 1.5, seed amount 60 g/L. However, to obtain this purity, the copper content in the pregnant solution should be less than 0.5 g/L, and as a seed, it is necessary to use a well-crystallized jarosite with a low content of impurities.
Extraction of Nickel and Cobalt from Nickel Slag Wastes by the Thermo-Diffusion Method
Authors: Layhan S.A. , Veselovsky A.A.
Published: January 2020

The current state of the issue of the slag waste processing was considered, using the example of the Southern Urals Nickel Plant. The average analysis of the chemical composition of the slag was performed; the determined phases contained iron, cobalt, nickel and chromium. The maps of the distribution of these elements in the slag were obtained.