bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiences of Mental Distress during COVID-19: Thematic Analysis of Discussion Forum Posts for Anxiety, Depression, and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Brewer G. , Centifanti L. , Caicedo J. Castro , Huxley G. , Peddie C. , Stratton K. , Lyons M.
Published: June 2021

The psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on coronavirus patients, health care workers, and the general population is clear. Relatively few studies have, however, considered the impact of the pandemic on those with pre-existing mental health conditions. Therefore, the present study investigates the personal experiences of those with anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder during COVID-19. We conducted a qualitative study utilising Reddit discussion forum posts. We conducted three separate thematic analyses from 130 posts in subreddit forums aimed for people identifying with anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. We identified a number of similar discussion forum themes (e.g., COVID-19 intensifying symptoms and a lack of social support), as well as themes that were unique to each forum type (e.g., hyperawareness and positive experiences during the pandemic). Findings should guide future practice and the support provided to those living with mental distress.
Sociodemographics and Quality of Life in Dutch-Speaking Adolescents and Adults With and Without a Cleft Lip and/or Palate
Authors: Alighieri Cassandra , D’haeseleer Evelien , Bettens Kim , Bonte Katrien , Vermeersch Hubert , Vermeire Nele , Claeys Merel , Sseremba Daniel , Galiwango George , Van Lierde Kristiane
Published: June 2021

Objective:

To investigate the impact of living with a cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P) on sociodemographic variables, quality of life, aesthetics, life satisfaction, and social distress in Dutch-speaking adolescents and adults.

Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Participants:

Thirty Dutch-speaking participants with a CL/P with a mean age of 26.93 years (SD = 11.69) and an age- and gender-matched control group of 30 participants (19 men and 11 women) without a CL/P with a mean age of 26.87 years (SD = 11.73).

Main Outcome Measures:

Self-reported outcomes of sociodemographics, quality of life, aesthetics, life satisfaction, social distress, and impact of cleft on well-being and functioning.

Results:

No significant differences in educational level, employment, monthly net income, marital status, and having children were found between participants with and without a CL/P. In addition, quality of life, overall aesthetics, life satisfaction, and social distress did not differ between the 2 groups. Among participants with CL/P, there were no gender differences in the influence of their CL/P on daily functioning, well-being, social contacts, family life, applying for a job, work, education, or leisure time.

Conclusion:

The findings revealed no differences between participants with and without a CL/P with regard to sociodemographics, quality of life, aesthetics, life satisfaction, or social distress. There were no gender differences in the influence of cleft on well-being and functioning. Longitudinal research can help determine possible fluctuations in the impact of living with a CL/P across the life span.
Practicing Academic Independence: Self-Regulation Strategies for Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
Authors: Moohr Michele L. , Balint-Langel Kinga , Taylor Jonté C. , Rizzo Karen L.
Published: June 2021

The term self-regulation (SR) refers to a set of specific cognitive skills necessary for students to independently manage, monitor, and assess their own academic learning and behavior. Students with and at risk for emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) often lack these skills. This article provides educators with step-by-step procedures and information on three research- or evidence-based SR strategies they can implement in their classrooms: self-regulated strategy development, self-monitoring, and strategy instruction.
The Mediated Portrayal of Intimate Partner Violence in True Crime Podcasts: Strangulation, Isolation, Threats of Violence, and Coercive Control
Authors: Slakoff Danielle C.
Published: June 2021

In this directed qualitative content analysis of four season-long true crime podcasts, the researcher examined how different types of intimate partner violence (IPV) were portrayed. Across the podcasts, controlling behaviors, emotional abuse, and coercive control were commonly depicted. Physical violence was not the most common form of abuse depicted, but it was presented in sensationalistic ways—with a pointed focus on strangulation and bruising. Overall, the podcasts provided a much more realistic portrayal of IPV at the individual level than traditional news sources, yet did not go far enough in describing the societal conditions that permit abuse.
Can video-based telehealth examinations of the abdomen safely determine the need for imaging?
Authors: Hayden Emily M , Borczuk Pierre , Dutta Sayon , Liu Shan W , White Benjamin A , Lavin-Parsons Kendall , Zheng Hui , Filbin Michael R , Zachrison Kori S
Published: June 2021

There is little evidence on the reliability of the video-based telehealth physical examinations. Our objective was to evaluate the feasibility of a physician-directed abdominal examination using telehealth. This was a prospective, blinded observational study of patients >19 years of age presenting with abdominal pain to a large, academic emergency department. In addition to their usual care, patients had a video-based telehealth examination by an emergency physician early in the visit. We compared the in-person and telehealth providers’ decisions on imaging. Thirty patients were enrolled and providers’ recommendations for imaging were YES (telehealth: 18 (60%); in-person: 22 (73%)), UNSURE (telehealth: 9 (30%); in-person: 2 (7%)) and NO (telehealth: 6 (20%); in-person: 3 (10%)). There were 20 patients for whom both telehealth and in-person providers were not unsure; of these, 16 (80%, 95% confidence interval 56.3–94.3%) patients had a provider agreement on the need for imaging. While the use of video-based telehealth may be feasible for patients seeking emergency department care for abdominal pain, further study is needed to determine how it may be safely deployed. Currently, caution should be exercised when evaluating the need for abdominal imaging remotely.
A nurse-led, telehealth-driven hepatitis C management initiative in regional Victoria: Cascade of care from referral to cure
Authors: Rodrigues Beverly , Parsons Nola , Haridy James , Bloom Stephen , Day Caroline , Haar Geoffrey , Nicoll Amanda , Sawhney Rohit
Published: June 2021

Introduction

Elimination of hepatitis C virus stands as an unresolved World Health Organization target, and is associated with complications including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis C virus management has been revolutionised following the widespread availability of direct-acting antiviral agents in Australia since 2016; however, large proportions of the population remain untreated. Telehealth-based service delivery is an accessible and effective alternative, and we aimed to assess qualitative and clinical outcomes in a clinical nurse consultant-led regional telehealth model.

Methods

A prospective cohort analysis of all patients referred to a Victorian regional hospital’s hepatitis C virus telehealth clinic between 1 April 2017 and 10 June 2020 was conducted. Data were collated from outpatient and electronic medical records.

Results

Fifty-five out of 71 referred patients were booked, with 44 patients (80%) attending at least one appointment. A history of alcohol use disorder and psychiatric comorbidity was seen in 25 (54%) and 24 (52%) patients, respectively. Twenty-one out of 24 (88%) eligible patients had direct-acting antiviral agent treatment and 14 out of 21 (67%) successfully completed the treatment. An average of 46.5 km, 54.6 min and $AUD30.70 was saved per patient for each visit. Observed benefits included: increased medical engagement, adherence to and completion of HCV treatment and cirrhosis monitoring. Telehealth-driven hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance was successful in the cirrhotic subgroup.

Conclusion

Clinical nurse consultant-led hepatitis C virus management via telehealth allows access to marginalised regional populations. Clinical outcomes were comparable to other cohorts with additional cost-benefit, efficiency gains and carbon footprint reduction amongst a previously unreported regional Victorian hepatitis C virus population.
Decreased COVID-related adaptive behavior and increased negative affect: A multivariate latent growth curve model
Authors: Liao Hai-Ping , Pan Xiao-Fu , Yin Xue-Qin , Liu Ya-Fei , Li Jie-Yang , Wang Jin-Liang
Published: June 2021

Data from a longitudinal questionnaire investigation of three time waves were used to investigate affective and behavioral changes and their covariant relationship among Chinese general population during the COVID-19 pandemic from March to May 2020. 145 participants aging from 15 to 63 completed three waves of survey. Latent growth curve analyses found that negative affect gradually increased as the pandemic continued. A faster increase in negative affect was related to a greater decrease in adaptive behavior and faster increase in non-adaptive behavior. A higher initial level of negative affect was related to a slower increase in non-adaptive behavior.
Introduction: Special section ‘female clients of commercial sex’
Authors: Oliveira Alexandra , Janssen Marie-Louise
Published: June 2021

In this introduction to the special section ‘female clients of commercial sex’, we start by an overview of the early interest in research on male clients of commercial sex and the tendency to criminalize and pathologize them. Then, we will question and discuss the lack of interest and the difficulties of researching women clients. Subsequently, we will look at the literature investigating women paying for sex to better understand and situate the research included in this section. After that, we will examine the contributions of the articles included in this special section and finish by reflecting on the meaning of this issue for future research on sex work.
Multicultural experience and multilingualism as predictors of creativity
Authors: Fürst Guillaume , Grin François
Published: June 2021

Aims and objectives:

Past research has shown that multicultural experience and multilingualism can be positively associated with creativity. However, very few studies have focused simultaneously on all these variables. Our aim is to consider both sets of predictors simultaneously, clarifying whether the impact of these variables on creativity is cumulative or redundant.

Design/methodology/approach:

The design combines correlational and quasi-experimental approaches. It is also strongly multivariate and includes various measurement methods. Variables of interest were assessed with questionnaires ( N = 596) and creativity tasks ( N = 174) in laboratory settings. The scope of the study, therefore, is relatively large and encompasses several indicators.

Data and analysis:

We use multiple regressions with latent and manifest variables. Latent variables were constructed for all sets of key predictors (multilingualism, traveling experience, living abroad experience); predictors were regressed on four types of creativity variables, also latent in most cases (creative potential; creative interests, activities, and achievements; creative performance in a writing task; creative performance on a remote association task).

Findings/conclusions:

Results shows that both multicultural experience and multilingualism are positively related with various manifestations of creativity. Overall, the results indicate complementary effects of multicultural experience and multilingualism on creativity. The most robust predictors are multilingualism and variables representing deep immersion in foreign countries.

Originality:

Three features make this study unique: (a) it examines both multilingualism and multiculturalism; (b) the sample population is broader than in most studies, which often focus on migrant populations; and (c) it implements a multimethod operationalization of creativity.

Significance/implications:

The paper goes beyond received approaches to the link between human diversity and creativity; the analysis is put in relation with other research work that focuses on policy implications for diversity, particularly in the areas of bilingualism and bicultural identity. Implications regarding the connections between creativity, multilingualism, and general executive functioning are also discussed.
Artificial intelligence and mass personalization of communication content—An ethical and literacy perspective
Authors: Hermann Erik
Published: June 2021

Artificial intelligence (AI) is (re)shaping communication and contributes to (commercial and informational) need satisfaction by means of mass personalization. However, the substantial personalization and targeting opportunities do not come without ethical challenges. Following an AI-for-social-good perspective, the authors systematically scrutinize the ethical challenges of deploying AI for mass personalization of communication content from a multi-stakeholder perspective. The conceptual analysis reveals interdependencies and tensions between ethical principles, which advocate the need of a basic understanding of AI inputs, functioning, agency, and outcomes. By this form of AI literacy, individuals could be empowered to interact with and treat mass-personalized content in a way that promotes individual and social good while preventing harm.
Investigating the effect of idiosyncratic deals in Asian countries: A cross cultural analysis in Singapore, Thailand and Japan
Authors: Hattori Yasuhiro , Hoang Mai Huong , Bich Hue Nguyen Thi
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study is to empirically compare and contrast the relationship between several dimensions of idiosyncratic deals (i-deals) and employee affective commitment among Asian countries. Data were collected from 909 employees in Singapore, Thailand and Japan. Results of the study show that there is a positive relationship between several i-deals and affective commitment. However, the effect size of i-deals on each dimension varies across the three countries. In particular, the effect size of task and work responsibilities i-deals on the affective commitment of Japanese employees is stronger than that of Thai employees. Simultaneously, the effect size of the i-deals on affective commitment of Singaporean employees is weaker than that of Thai employees. On the contrary, for the dimensions of schedule and location flexibility and financial incentives, the effect size of i-deals on affective commitment is weaker for Singaporean than for Japanese and Thai, and the effect sizes for Japanese and Thai are the same. The results of this study question the traditionally and universally naive conclusion that i-deals are effective. Although i-deals result in, to some extent, some positive consequences, the results of the study suggest that not in all cases do they increase employee affective commitment. Empirical evidence of the study also demonstrate that the effects i-deals had on employee affective commitment are inconsistent even across cultures with close cultural origin.
Regulation of lymphangiogenesis by extracellular vesicles in cancer metastasis
Authors: Wang Chu-An , Tsai Shaw-Jenq
Published: June 2021

Metastasis is not only one of the hallmarks of cancer but, unfortunately, it also is the most accurate biomarker for poor prognosis. Cancer cells metastasize through two different but eventually merged routes, the vasculature and lymphatic systems. The processes of cancer metastasis through blood vessel have been extensively studied and are well documented in the literature. In contrast, metastasis through the lymphatic system is less studied. Most people believe that cancer cells metastasize through lymphatic vessel are passive because the lymphatic system is thought to be a sewage draining system that collects whatever appears in the tissue fluid. It was recently found that cancer cells disseminated from lymphatic vessels are protected from being destroyed by our body’s defense system. Furthermore, some cancer cells or cancer-associated immune cells secrete lymphangiogenic factors to recruit lymphatic vessel infiltration to the tumor region, a process known as lymphangiogenesis. To ensure the efficiency of lymphangiogenesis, the lymphangiogenic mediators are carried or packed by nanometer-sized particles named extracellular vesicles. Extracellular vesicles are lipid bilayer particles released from eventually every single cell, including bacterium, with diameters ranging from 30 nm (exosome) to several micrometers (apoptotic body). Components carried by extracellular vesicles include but are not limited to DNA, RNA, protein, fatty acid, and other metabolites. Recent studies suggest that cancer cells not only secrete more extracellular vesicles but also upload critical mediators required for lymphatic metastasis onto extracellular vesicles. This review will summarize recent advances in cancer lymphatic metastasis and how cancer cells regulate this process via extracellular vesicle-dependent lymphangiogenesis.
A survey of Alberta pharmacists’ attitudes, comfort and perceived barriers to a community-based naloxone program
Authors: Nowlan Sarah-Emily , MacKinnon Neil J. , Hincapie Ana , Tachuk Matt
Published: June 2021

Background:

Community pharmacists play an important role in the wellness of patients, families and friends affected by prescription and illicit opioid drugs. They are key partners of the Community Based Naloxone (CBN) Program in Alberta and similar programs across other Canadian jurisdictions. This publicly funded program is an evidence-based response to the opioid overdose crisis, facilitating access to and distribution of naloxone kits through pharmacies. The study aimed to describe Alberta community pharmacists’ practices, training, comfort levels and views in dispensing naloxone kits through the CBN program and detail potential perceived barriers to program participation.

Methods:

The study was conducted as a cross-sectional online survey of Alberta pharmacists. Data collected from the survey were descriptive and evaluated using Microsoft Excel. Fisher exact tests were used to study the associations in responses among several demographic characteristics and related to dispensing practices, pharmacists’ beliefs and perceived barriers.

Results:

A total of 255 responses were included in the final analysis, with 89.8% of pharmacists replying “yes” to CBN program participation. Pharmacists on average were “comfortable” dispensing naloxone to patients for varying indications, with 85% reporting always providing education when dispensing naloxone to an individual for the first time. About 41% of pharmacists reported no barriers to the program, with the most common perceived barriers being lack of time (29%), demand (20%) and funding (19%).

Conclusion:

Most community pharmacists who responded to the survey participate in the CBN program in Alberta. They held positive beliefs about their role in screening patients for the risk of opioid overdose and are confident in their abilities to recommend and educate on naloxone kits. Proactive screening appeared lower, however, and dispensing kits were potentially variable. Addressing factors such as time, funding for services and demand may help further pharmacist uptake and success of the program. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2021;154:xx-xx.
Wheezy children
Authors: Cecula Paulina , Zimianiti Ioanna
Published: June 2021

Wheeze is one of the most common presentations in children, with evidence that up to half of all children experience an episode by 6 years of age. Wheezing is transient in the majority of cases; however, some children develop recurrent symptoms. Different phenotypes have been recognised based on symptoms patterns, physiologic measurements and risk factors. Childhood wheezing is particularly relevant to general practice, as about a quarter of pre-school-aged children present with wheeze annually. This article aims to explain the pathophysiology and differential diagnoses of wheezing, focusing on common presentations of wheeze that can be managed in the community.
Second-line treatment in renal cell carcinoma: clinical experience and decision making
Authors: Guadalupi Valentina , Cartenì Giacomo , Iacovelli Roberto , Porta Camillo , Pappagallo Giovanni , Ricotta Riccardo , Procopio Giuseppe
Published: June 2021

Currently, conventional treatments for metastatic RCC (mRCC) include immune-based combination regimens and/or targeted therapies, the latter mainly acting on angiogenesis, a key element of the process of tumor growth and spread. Although these agents proved able to improve patients’ outcomes, drug resistance and disease progression are still experienced by a substantial number of VEGFR-TKIs-treated mRCC patients. Following the inhibition of the VEGF/VEGFRs axis, two strategies have emerged: either specifically targeting resistance pathways, at the same time continuing to inhibit angiogenesis, or using a completely different approach aimed at re-activating the immune system through the use of inhibitors of specific negative immune checkpoints. These two approaches, practically represented by the use of either cabozantinib or nivolumab, seem to remain a rational therapeutic approach also when first-line immune-based combinations are used. The objective of this study is to design a preferential therapeutic pathway for the second-line treatment of mRCC. The procedure applied in this project was a group discussion, based on the Nominal Group Technique (NGT) method in a meeting session, aimed at defining the therapeutic choice for the second-line treatment of mRCC. The NGT process defined the most relevant parameters that, according to the interviewed panelists, clinicians should consider for the selection of the second-line therapy in the context of advanced renal cell carcinoma of mRCC. The algorithm developed for the treatment selection as a result of this process should thus be considered by clinicians as reference for therapy selection.

Plain language summary

The result of this paper was the definition of an algorithm intended to suggest a preferential therapeutic pathway considering both the outputs of the Nominal Group Technique (NGT) process and the actual clinical practice and the experience of selected panelists. During the NGT process and the discussion phase, panelists defined the most important parameters to be included in the algorithm that are important for the treatment definition. Cabozantinib and nivolumab are identified as the most reasonable therapeutic options for patients progressing after first-line treatment and are the medication options included in the algorithm for therapy selection.
Biomechanical Evaluation of Achilles Tendon Midsubstance Repair: The Effects of Anchor Angle and Position
Authors: Stake Ingrid K. , Miles Jon W. , Douglass Brenton W. , Dornan Grant J. , Clanton Thomas O.
Published: June 2021

Background

The percutaneous knotless repair technique for Achilles tendon ruptures utilizes a Percutaneous Achilles Repair System (PARS) device for suturing the proximal tendon and 2 suture anchors for fixing the sutures into the calcaneus. Determining the best position of the suture anchors may optimize the strength of this repair.

Methods

Twelve pairs of human ankle cadaveric specimens were randomly assigned to receive suture anchors placed at 45°, 90°, or 135° from the sagittal plane. The anchors were tensioned according to a protocol representing progressive, postoperative rehabilitation. Load, number of loading cycles, displacement, and mode of failure were recorded.

Results

With the anchors placed at 45°, 90°, and 135°, the ultimate failure loads were mean 265 ± 64 N, 264 ± 75 N, and 279 ± 40 N, and the total number of loading cycles were mean 459 ± 166, 466 ± 158, and 469 ± 110, respectively. The effect of anchor angle on failure load, number of loading cycles, and displacement was not statistically significant. Visually, the anchors at 45° and 90° demonstrated sutures cutting through the bone.

Conclusion

We found no statistically significant difference in pullout strength between the 3 different anchor angles. Sutures cutting through the bone may be a concern with acute anchor angles. This suggests that a 135° anchor angle may result in a lower risk of tendon elongation with the percutaneous knotless repair technique.

Levels of Evidence

Cadaveric laboratory study
Applicability of deep learning-based reconstruction trained by brain and knee 3T MRI to lumbar 1.5T MRI
Authors: Kashiwagi Nobuo , Tanaka Hisashi , Yamashita Yuichi , Takahashi Hiroto , Kassai Yoshimori , Fujiwara Masahiro , Tomiyama Noriyuki
Published: June 2021

Background

Several deep learning-based methods have been proposed for addressing the long scanning time of magnetic resonance imaging. Most are trained using brain 3T magnetic resonance images, but is unclear whether performance is affected when applying these methods to different anatomical sites and at different field strengths.

Purpose

To validate the denoising performance of deep learning-based reconstruction method trained by brain and knee 3T magnetic resonance images when applied to lumbar 1.5T magnetic resonance images.

Material and Methods

Using a 1.5T scanner, we obtained lumber T2-weighted sequences in 10 volunteers using three different scanning times: 228 s (standard), 119 s (double-fast), and 68 s (triple-fast). We compared the images obtained by the standard sequence with those obtained by the deep learning-based reconstruction-applied faster sequences.

Results

Signal-to-noise ratio values were significantly higher for deep learning-based reconstruction-double-fast than for standard and did not differ significantly between deep learning-based reconstruction-triple-fast and standard. Contrast-to-noise ratio values also did not differ significantly between deep learning-based reconstruction-triple-fast and standard. Qualitative scores for perceived signal-to-noise ratio and overall image quality were significantly higher for deep learning-based reconstruction-double fast and deep learning-based reconstruction-triple-fast than for standard. Average scores for sharpness, contrast, and structure visibility were equal to or higher for deep learning-based reconstruction-double-fast and deep learning-based reconstruction-triple-fast than for standard, but the differences were not statistically significant. The average scores for artifact were lower for deep learning-based reconstruction-double-fast and deep learning-based reconstruction-triple-fast than for standard, but the differences were not statistically significant.

Conclusion

The deep learning-based reconstruction method trained by 3T brain and knee images may reduce the scanning time of 1.5T lumbar magnetic resonance images by one-third without sacrificing image quality.
Are Family Firms More Levered? An Analysis of Family and Non-Family Firms
Authors: Haider Jahanzaib , Qayyum Abdul , Zainudin Zalina
Published: June 2021

This study analyzes the leverage policies of the family and non-family firms of eight East Asian Economies (Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Taiwan) by using combined data of 690 family and non-family firms with 3,224 firm–years over the period 2006–2010. This study has used an ordinary least squares (OLS) regression for analyzing the data for the first question, while for the second question, logit regression has been used as the dependent variable (a binary variable). Prior research on family and non-family firms has revealed that family firms issue less (high) debt than non-family firms. Our analysis on a sample of East Asian Economies discloses that family firms have significantly different leverage levels than non-family firms, but their signs are not consistent. On the contrary, when the owner works as CEO/Chairman or member of the Board of Directors, then the family firms issue less debt than the non-family firms. Besides that, this study adds a new question that has not been addressed in the prior studies. The new question has focused on the speed of leverage adjustment. It is found that family firms and non-family firms regarding their debt maturity structure (short-term debt and long-term debt), the speed of leverage adjustments, and their decision to issue securities (i.e., debt vs. equity) are not significantly different. This study concluded that though family firms have a strong influence on each economy, but in South-East Asian countries, leverage policies of the family firms are not much different than that of non-family firms.
Toward a Motivation-Regulated Learner Engagement WCF Model of L2 Writing Performance
Authors: Tsao Jui-Jung , Tseng Wen-Ta , Hsiao Tsung-Yuan , Wang Chaochang , Gao Andy Xuesong
Published: June 2021

Research has shown that the effectiveness of written corrective feedback (WCF) on writing performance depends on learners’ engagement with WCF and its associated motivational state. However, little research has examined the inner causal relationships between motivation, learner engagement with WCF, and writing performance. The current study fills the void in the existing literature by taking a structural equation modeling approach as the methodological framework. Two independent Chinese undergraduate samples partook in the pilot and formal phases of the study. The results showed that cultivation of an ideal self-image significantly promoted both intrinsic and extrinsic motivations and enhanced learners’ engagement with WCF, but ought-to self-image was found to have no such effects. Furthermore, both intrinsic motivation and learner engagement with WCF could directly influence writing scores, with the latter being more explanatory than the former. The implications of the research findings are provided and discussed.
Disability as Status Competition: The Role of Race in Classifying Children
Authors: Skrtic Thomas M. , Saatcioglu Argun , Nichols Austin
Published: June 2021

Many African American and Hispanic children are classified as mildly disabled. Although this makes special education services available to these and other children who need them, contention endures as to whether disability classification also is racially (and ethnically) biased. The authors view disability classification as status competition, in which minorities are overrepresented in low-status categories such as intellectual disability and emotional disturbance, and whites are overrepresented in high-status categories such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism. The authors address the racialized construction and evolution of the mild disability classification system along with mechanisms that perpetuate racial segmentation in contemporary classification. They analyze a large federal longitudinal data set (1998–2007) to examine racialization and find that classification continues to operate at least in part as a racial sorting scheme. Implications for research and policy are discussed.
Long-term mortality in young patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage: Predictors and causes of death
Authors: Verhoeven Jamie I , Pasi Marco , Casolla Barbara , Hénon Hilde , de Leeuw Frank-Erik , Leys Didier , Klijn Catharina JM , Cordonnier Charlotte
Published: June 2021

Introduction

Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) in young adults is rare but has devastating consequences. We investigated long-term mortality rates, causes of death and predictors of long-term mortality in young spontaneous ICH survivors.

Patients and methods

We included consecutive patients aged 18–55 years from the Prognosis of Intracerebral Haemorrhage cohort (PITCH), a prospective observational cohort of patients admitted to Lille University Hospital (2004–2009), who survived at least 30 days after spontaneous ICH. We studied long-term mortality with Kaplan-Meier analyses, collected causes of death, performed uni-/multivariable Cox-regression analyses for the association of baseline characteristics with long-term mortality.

Results

Of 560 patients enrolled in the PITCH, 75 patients (75% men) met our inclusion criteria (median age 50 years, interquartile range [IQR] 44–53 years). During a median follow-up of 8.2 years (IQR 5.0–10.1), 26 patients died (35%), with a standardized mortality ratio of 13.0 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 8.5–18.0) compared to peers from the general population. Causes of death were vascular in 7 (27%) patients, non-vascular in 13 (50%) and unknown in 6 (23%). Global cerebral atrophy (hazard ratio [HR] 3.0, 95% CI 1.1–8.6), modified Rankin Score >2 before ICH (HR 3.4, 95% CI 1.0–11.0), and excessive alcohol consumption (HR 3.3, 95% CI 1.1–10.2) were independently associated with long-term mortality.

Discussion

We found a 13-fold higher mortality risk for young ICH survivors compared to the general French population. Predictors of long-term mortality were pre-existing conditions, not ICH-characteristics.

Conclusion

Young ICH survivors remain at increased mortality risk of vascular and non-vascular death for years after ICH.
Legitimating power: Solar energy rollout, sustainability metrics and transition politics
Authors: Sareen Siddharth
Published: June 2021

Increasing recognition of the irrefutable urgency to address the global climate challenge is driving mitigation efforts to decarbonise. Countries are setting targets, technological innovation is making renewable energy sources competitive and fossil fuel actors are leveraging their incumbent privilege and political reach to modulate energy transitions. As techno-economic competitiveness is rapidly reconfigured in favour of sources such as solar energy, governance puzzles dominate the research frontier. Who makes key decisions about decarbonisation based on what metrics, and how are consequent benefits and burdens allocated? This article takes its point of departure in ambitious sustainability metrics for solar rollout that Portugal embraced in the late 2010s. This southwestern European country leads on hydro and wind power, and recently emerged from austerity politics after the 2008–2015 recession. Despite Europe’s best solar irradiation, its big solar push only kicked off in late 2018. In explaining how this arose and unfolded until mid-2020 and why, the article investigates what key issues ambitious rapid decarbonisation plans must address to enhance social equity. It combines attention to accountability and legitimacy to offer an analytical framework geared at generating actionable knowledge to advance an accountable energy transition. Drawing on empirical study of the contingencies that determine the implementation of sustainability metrics, the article traces how discrete acts legitimate specific trajectories of territorialisation by solar photovoltaics through discursive, bureaucratic, technocratic and financial practices. Combining empirics and perspectives from political ecology and energy geographies, it probes the politics of just energy transitions to more low-carbon and equitable societal futures.
A multiplicity ofprek(s): Enacting a socionatural mosaic in the Cambodian upper Mekong delta
Authors: Venot Jean-Philippe , Jensen Casper B
Published: June 2021

In Khmer, the word prek designates a connection between things. In Kandal province in Cambodia, preks crisscross the landscape, connecting rivers with floodplains, supporting rich ecologies and a variety of livelihoods. Drawing on science and technology studies (STS) and critical water research, this paper explores prek(s) as a multiplicity. Rather than taking the prek as a passive object around which various practices occur, we examine how prek(s) are enacted as ontologically different: as irrigation infrastructure, as pathway to rice intensification, as device for Cambodian state-making, and as climate-friendly agricultural development. After analyzing interference patterns between enactments and their scale-making effects in- and outside the Mekong floodplains, we make explicit our own ontological politics. Focused on sustaining multiple uses and ecosystems, “our” prek is a socionatural mosaic landscape where many human and more-than-human actors and practices can coexist. This ontological politics, we suggest, has implications for planetary environmental knowledges and delta management far beyond Kandal’s landscape.
Criminogenic Dynamics of the Construction Industry: A State-Corporate Crime Perspective
Authors: Davies Jon
Published: June 2021

Construction industries provide significant opportunities for criminal and harmful processes to occur, including fraud, tax evasion, poor health and safety, and underpayment of workers. Building on previous work from the state-corporate crime agenda, this article places industry at the forefront of discussion, by examining how “criminogenic industry structures” emerge in construction work. The article refers to the key instances of worker blacklisting and “umbrella company” tax fraud, situating them within broader discussions on systemic processes that enable state-corporate harm to develop. This paper contributes to the state-corporate crime agenda by demonstrating how discussions on criminogenic industry structures provide critical links between organizational processes and broader political-economic dynamics, which is crucial for developing a criminological discourse.
Trans-Oral Incisionless Fundoplication (TIF)
Authors: Chang Kenneth J.
Published: June 2021

Transoral Incisionless Fundoplication (TIF) is designed to create a 3 cm length, 270° to 300°, omega-shaped flap valve, reconstructing the structure and function of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), including the gastric sling fibers. As such, TIF is a treatment option for GERD patients with an intact crura, but have lost the integrity and function of the LES. In patients requiring a hernia repair, TIF can be used concomitantly (cTIF). While there are a number of steps to the TIF 2.0 procedure, many of the sequences are repetitive and follow a standardized protocol, optimizing efficiency, safety, and scalability.
Application of empirical and simulation-based site amplification models for Central and Eastern North America to selected sites
Authors: Hashash Youssef MA , Ilhan Okan , Uysal Halil , Stewart Jonathan P , Nikolaou Sissy , Rathje Ellen M , Campbell Kenneth W , Silva Walter J
Published: June 2021

The Next Generation Attenuation Relationships for Central & Eastern North-America (NGA-East) Geotechnical Working Group (GWG) has presented models for site amplification in Central and Eastern North America that represent a significant change from past practice, which was based on models developed for active tectonic regions. The GWG models are ergodic in their formulation, meaning that they produce an average level of amplification conditional on VS30 and other the site parameters. We illustrate the application of these models to four sites in Texas, South Carolina, Mississippi, and New York City, and compare results with site-specific ground response analyses. The results indicate that substantial advantage is possible when ergodic models conditioned only on VS30 are supplemented with a modular term that produces a peak at one or more site natural periods ( Tnat). The article demonstrates features and limitations of the GWG models for sites in Central and Eastern North America and provides useful recommendations for coupling ergodic and non-ergodic (site-specific) modeling as part of seismic hazard studies.
Multi-omics analysis of the bioactive constituents biosynthesis of glandular trichome in Perilla frutescens
Authors: Zhou Peina , Yin Mengjiao , Dai Shilin , Bao Ke , Song Chenglin , Liu Chanchan , Wu Qinan
Published: June 2021

Background

Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt is a medicinal and edible plant widely cultivated in Asia. Terpenoids, flavonoids and phenolic acids are the primary source of medicinal ingredients. Glandular trichomes with multicellular structures are known as biochemical cell factories which synthesized specialized metabolites. However, there is currently limited information regarding the site and mechanism of biosynthesis of these constituents in P. frutescens. Herein, we studied morphological features of glandular trichomes, metabolic profiling and transcriptomes through different tissues.

Results

Observation of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy indicated the presence of three distinct glandular trichome types based on their morphological features: peltate, capitate, and digitiform glandular trichomes. The oil of peltate glandular trichomes, collected by custom-made micropipettes and analyzed by LC–MS and GC–MS, contained perillaketone, isoegomaketone, and egomaketone as the major constituents which are consistent with the components of leaves. Metabolomics and transcriptomics were applied to explore the bioactive constituent biosynthesis in the leaves, stem, and root of P. frutescens. Transcriptome sequencing profiles revealed differential regulation of genes related to terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, respectively with most genes expressed highly in leaves. The genes affecting the development of trichomes were preliminarily predicted and discussed.

Conclusions

The current study established the morphological and chemical characteristics of glandular trichome types of P. frutescens implying the bioactive constituents were mainly synthesized in peltate glandular trichomes. The genes related to bioactive constituents biosynthesis were explored via transcriptomes, which provided the basis for unraveling the biosynthesis of bioactive constituents in this popular medicinal plant.
Temporal trends in outcome and patient characteristics in dilated cardiomyopathy, data from the Swedish Heart Failure Registry 2003–2015
Authors: Sjöland Helen , Silverdal Jonas , Bollano Entela , Pivodic Aldina , Dahlström Ulf , Fu Michael
Published: June 2021

Background

Temporal trends in clinical composition and outcome in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) are largely unknown, despite considerable advances in heart failure management. We set out to study clinical characteristics and prognosis over time in DCM in Sweden during 2003–2015.

Methods

DCM patients (n = 7873) from the Swedish Heart Failure Registry were divided into three calendar periods of inclusion, 2003–2007 (Period 1, n = 2029), 2008–2011 (Period 2, n = 3363), 2012–2015 (Period 3, n = 2481). The primary outcome was the composite of all-cause death, transplantation and hospitalization during 1 year after inclusion into the registry.

Results

Over the three calendar periods patients were older (p = 0.022), the proportion of females increased (mean 22.5%, 26.4%, 27.6%, p = 0.0001), left ventricular ejection fraction was higher (p = 0.0014), and symptoms by New York Heart Association less severe (p < 0.0001). Device (implantable cardioverter defibrillator and/or cardiac resynchronization) therapy increased by 30% over time (mean 11.6%, 12.3%, 15.1%, p < 0.0001). The event rates for mortality, and hospitalization were consistently decreasing over calendar periods (p < 0.0001 for all), whereas transplantation rate was stable. More advanced physical symptoms correlated with an increased risk of a composite outcome over time (p = 0.0043).

Conclusions

From 2003 until 2015, we observed declining mortality and hospitalizations in DCM, paralleled by a continuous change in both demographic profile and therapy in the DCM population in Sweden, towards a less affected phenotype.
Assessment of sagittal spinopelvic parameters in a Taiwanese population with spondylolysis by the EOS imaging system: a retrospective radiological analysis
Authors: Chuang Hao-Chun , Tseng Yu-Hsiang , Chen Yueh , Chou Po-Hsin , Chang Wei-Lun , Su Pei-Fang , Lin Cheng-Li
Published: June 2021

Background

The impact of sagittal spinopelvic alignment on spondylolysis is well established in Caucasian populations. However, prior studies suggest that people from different ethnological backgrounds showed divergence, and a few studies that focused on Asian populations reported conflicting results. The aim of this study is to use the EOS imaging system to evaluate the spinopelvic parameters of spondylolysis patients, and their relationship with spondylolisthesis, disc degeneration, and age in a Taiwanese population.

Methods

Radiographic sagittal spinopelvic parameters for 45 spondylolysis patients and 32 healthy people were evaluated, including pelvic incidence (PI), sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), thoracic kyphosis (TK), and lumbar lordosis (LL). The spinopelvic parameters were compared between spondylolytic and control groups. These parameters were further compared between spondylolytic subjects with and without spondylolisthesis, with and without high-grade disc degeneration, and young (< 30 years old) and middle-aged.

Results

The PI and LL of the spondylolytic group (52.6°±12.0° and 41.3°±15.2°) were significantly higher than those of the healthy control group (47.16°±7.95° and 28.22°±10.65°). Further analysis of the spondylolytic patients revealed that those with high-grade disc degeneration were more prone to spondylolisthesis (92.3 %) compared to those without (50 %; p = 0.001). The middle-aged group had significantly higher rates of spondylolisthesis (80 %) and high-grade disc degeneration (52.4 %) compared with those for the young group (45 and 16.7 %, respectively; p = 0.017 and 0.047, respectively). No statistically significant difference in the sagittal spinopelvic parameters was found when spondylolytic patients were divided according to the occurrence of spondylolisthesis or high-grade disc degeneration.

Conclusions

In a Taiwanese population, PI and LL were significantly larger in spondylolytic patients. Disc degeneration and age were associated with the occurrence of spondylolisthesis. Ethnological differences should thus be taken into account when making clinical decisions regarding spondylolysis in a Taiwanese population.
Strain patterns in normal anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments and after anatomical reconstruction using gracilis tendon grafts: A cadaver study
Authors: Takao Masato , Lowe Danielle , Ozeki Satoru , Oliva Xavier M. , Inokuchi Ryota , Yamazaki Takayuki , Takeuchi Yoshitaka , Kubo Maya , Matsui Kentaro , Katakura Mai , Glazebrook Mark
Published: June 2021

Background

Inversion ankle sprains, or lateral ankle sprains, often result in symptomatic lateral ankle instability, and some patients need lateral ankle ligament reconstruction to reduce pain, improve function, and prevent subsequent injuries. Although anatomically reconstructed ligaments should behave in a biomechanically normal manner, previous studies have not measured the strain patterns of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) and calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) after anatomical reconstruction. This study aimed to measure the strain patterns of normal and reconstructed ATFL and CFLs using the miniaturization ligament performance probe (MLPP) system.

Methods

The MLPP was sutured into the ligamentous bands of the ATFLs and CTLs of three freshly frozen cadaveric lower-extremity specimens. Each ankle was manually moved from 15° dorsiflexion to 30° plantar flexion, and a 1.2-N m force was applied to the ankle and subtalar joint complex.

Results

The normal and reconstructed ATFLs exhibited maximal strain (100) during supination in three-dimensional motion. Although the normal ATFLs were not strained during pronation, the reconstructed ATFLs demonstrated relative strain values of 16–36. During the axial motion, the normal ATFLs started to gradually tense at 0° plantar flexion, with the strain increasing as the plantar flexion angle increased, to a maximal value (100) at 30° plantar flexion; the reconstructed ATFLs showed similar strain patterns. Further, the normal CFLs exhibited maximal strain (100) during plantar flexion-abduction and relative strain values of 30–52 during dorsiflexion in three-dimensional motion. The reconstructed CFLs exhibited the most strain during dorsiflexion-adduction and demonstrated relative strain values of 29–62 during plantar flexion-abduction. During the axial motion, the normal CFLs started to gradually tense at 20° plantar flexion and 5° dorsiflexion.

Conclusion

Our results showed that the strain patterns of reconstructed ATFLs and CFLs are not similar to those of normal ATFLs and CFLs.