bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Together in the future: possible approach for new/existing multipurpose reservoirs - From identifying the right partners up to sharing the resource water: operational & legal aspects
Authors: Dupraz Christian , Geisseler Bettina
Published: May 2022

Climate change has, in recent years, dramatically shown the importance and impact of the resource water: extreme situations such as floods respectively scarcity become more and more frequent. Multipurpose reservoirs can help to mitigate the negative impacts. Sharing water means in principle sharing the benefits and the risks. But how to balance the complementary, sometimes even conflicting interests of all “share-holders”, i.e. the users concerned, - “Shareholders”, which usually are independent non-connected legal entities? How to balance efficiency and sustainability? Defining the corresponding rights and obligations of the different users sharing the water stored in a reservoir is challenging from an operational as well as from a legal point of view. The authors will illustrate what could be a possible blueprint for a new/ existing multipurpose reservoir, from the planning up to the operation phase, and what the relationships among the users could look like, by taking into account operational needs and legal aspects. Additionally, the paper will discuss how the relationship of all users to other stakeholders such as the financing institutions, the state (bundled permitting/concession procedure?) or affected communities could be organised.
Présentation du réseau de barrages multi-usages de Vendée Eau : Modernisation du barrage de Mervent
Authors: Prost Anne-Sophie , Bortoli Jérôme
Published: May 2022

Depuis soixante ans, Vendée Eau, Service Public de l’eau potable, organise la production et la distribution d’eau potable en Vendée. À partir d’un réseau exceptionnel comportant notamment 13 barragesréservoirs, Vendée Eau assure une production maximale de 200 000m3/j à destination des 430 000 abonnés vendéens et des zones touristiques côtières. Ses barrages contribuent également à l’écrêtement des crues, au soutien d’étiage et à la production hydroélectrique. En tant que Maître d’Ouvrage, Vendée Eau prend en charge les missions de surveillance et les travaux d’entretien et de modernisation de son parc d’ouvrages. Les derniers travaux importants ont été réalisés sur le barrage de Mervent de 2015 à 2019 afin d’augmenter sa capacité d’évacuation des crues. Tractebel est intervenu en tant que Maitre d’OEuvre pour la définition et le pilotage de ces travaux. Ils ont permis de rénover le génie civil, les organes hydromécaniques, les dispositifs de continuité écologique, d’auscultation et de production électrique.
Study on PMP estimation for the flood risk evaluation of hydropower dams in consideration of the future climate change
Authors: Kobayashi Yuzo , Nakakita Eiichi , Takemi Tetsuya , Otsuru Yasunobu , Abe Tomohiko
Published: May 2022

It is important for hydropower dams to estimate PMP (Probable Maximum Precipitation) appropriately and to prepare the plan of facilities modification and operational changes in advance, because the future flood risk by climate change influence is getting higher. In this paper, we compared three methods of PMP estimation, the conventional method applying DAD (Duration Area and Depth) analysis based on the experienced rain results, the product of d4PDF (database for Policy Decision making for Future climate change) that is the latest climate model ensemble prediction, and the pseudo-global warming experimental results on the typhoon. It was showed that PMP by d4PDF and the pseudo-global warming experimental results were larger than that by DAD analysis and fluctuated smoothly and reasonably over time. It is preferable and reasonable to evaluate the PMP risk applying DAD analysis at the rough examination, and the estimations applying d4PDF or pseudo-global warming scenario is suitable for more detailed examination.
Mosul Dam: Challenges and Innovative Solutions
Authors: Vargas Juan , Sawitzki David , Malyala Nagesh
Published: May 2022

Reservoir siting, permitting, construction and operation can, at times, face insurmountable challenges. Mosul Dam, a multipurpose dam located in Northern Iraq, is constructed on a dissolvable anhydrite, gypsum and limestone formation. To mitigate long-term impacts to the foundation, the dam designers opted for a structural solution. They incorporated into the design a grouting gallery for long-term maintenance grouting of the foundation cutoff grout curtain. In 2016, concerns with the risk posed by the deteriorating foundation resulted in the execution of the Mosul Dam emergency grouting and maintenance project. This paper illustrates how the international community proactively came together to prevent an incident of potential tragic proportions well before it could manifest itself. The emergency grouting work is an excellent example of Governments investing in preventing a disaster rather than investing in fixing a disaster. The paper presents the general approach adopted for the execution of the emergency project and discusses how the scope of work (SOW) evolved to address the myriad of requirements, including the training and transfer of information and equipment to the Iraqi Ministry of Water Resources that could not have been foreseen during the scoping of the work. Additionally, this paper illustrates the success that can be achieved when team members share a strong commitment to cooperation and a determination to succeed.
Development of the snowmelt prediction model using Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Authors: Abe Masami , Takiguchi Hiroki , Hida Yoshihisa
Published: May 2022

Droughts and abnormal heavy rains have frequently occurred in Japan due to the effects of climate change in recent years, and flexible operations that maximize the functions of dams are required. Especially in cold snowy regions, snowmelt water is stored in a dam to cover water demand from early spring to early summer, but during the snowmelt season, a sudden rise in temperature and heavy rain could cause large-scale floods. Therefore, the highly accurate prediction of dam inflow during the snowmelt season is extremely important from the viewpoint of effective use of water resources and prevention of snowmelt floods. On the other hand, in recent years, research utilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) has also been promoted in the hydrological field. This study clarified the problems of the conventional physical model (rainfall runoff model) and the prediction model by AI for the inflow of the dam during the snowmelt season in order to support efficient dam management. Then, by constructing a semi-physical model that complements the problems of the physical model and the AI model, we developed a more accurate model for predicting the inflow of snowmelt water during the snowmelt season compared to the single model.
Application du photovoltaïque flottant sur le réservoir du barrage en Indonésie
Authors: Firman Aries , Hendriyawan  , Firdaus Akhmad M. , Bakti Farid P.
Published: May 2022

L’application solaire flottante (FPV) est très appropriée pour les zones où la disponibilité des terres est limitée, utilisant des réservoirs de barrage ou des lacs. Il présente également plusieurs avantages en termes d’aspects environnementaux, tels que la conservation de l’eau en raison d’une diminution du taux d’évaporation et l’inhibition de la croissance des algues en réduisant l’intensité de la lumière solaire. Cependant, les directives locales spécifiées pour les usines FPV en Indonésie ne sont toujours pas disponibles pour le moment. Ces dernières années, plusieurs études ont été menées sur le potentiel de l’installation de PV solaire flottant (FPV) dans le réservoir du barrage en Indonésie en tenant compte de trois aspects, à savoir (1) technique, (2) environnemental, (3) aspects juridiques et commerciaux. Ce document présente principalement deux aspects ; technique et juridique. L’aspect technique s’est concentré sur les critères de conception proposés en tenant compte de toutes les normes locales (nationales) et internationales pertinentes. L’aspect juridique a introduit quelques problèmes concernant la fourniture d’électricité et la disposition relative à l’accord sur le niveau de service. Cet article a également discuté des barrages Charlie comme cas d’étude pour la mise en oeuvre des critères proposés dans cet article. Le barrage Charlie est un barrage existant situé dans la province centrale de Java, en Indonésie.
Sediment Removal from Deep Reservoir Dams by Suction and Jet Flow
Authors: Kianmehr Ali Ahmad , Nouri Nourooz Mohammad
Published: May 2022

One method of sediment removal from dam reservoirs is the use of submerged pumps and suction mixes of sediment and water. This method is usually considered for shallow rivers but we want to adopt this method for large dams. In this research, a system based on suction with a submerged pump structure is designed to collect fine sediments close to body of the dam from a large depth and to be transmitted by floating pipes to the margin of lake. And also, by pumping of jet fresh water flow and creating turbulence by the jet on sedimentary bed is simultaneously used to increase harvesting efficiency. The usage of simple equipment for removing fine grains near the dam body without the need for discharging of water resources is one of the essential features of this method which is suitable for arid and dry areas such as Iran. By using turbulent flow of water jet and simultaneous suction with a submerged pump, a vortices stretch is produced to suction the sediment mixture. Overall, the discharged sediment separates from water on the margin of lake to restores water to the reservoir.
A pragmatic approach to assess the climate resilience of hydro projects
Authors: Bourgin Pierre-Yves , Le-Clerc Sandrine
Published: May 2022

There is no doubt that the planet is warming quickly. What is uncertain, and hugely so, is the impact the warming will have on the climatologic and hydrologic processes that directly influence performance of existing and planned water-resources related projects, for example hydropower. Therefore, the prospect of climate change has become a key issue for the large dams/reservoirs community. This paper provides first an overview of the increasing awareness of climate change impacts on the performance and reliability of hydro projects within this community. Then, it presents a pragmatic approach to assess the climate resilience of hydro projects. This approach fully complies with the Hydropower Sector Climate Resilience Guide released by International Hydropower Association in 2019 [1]. The case study is a hydropower project on St Paul River in Liberia. The paper focuses on the methods and results of the Phase 3 climate stress test, namely the power generation performance under a wide range of different possible future climate scenarios. The modelling cascade is formed by the hydrological model GR4J and a hydropower model supported by Mike Hydro Basin software. It is used to simulate 35+ years of daily hydropower operation.
Comment concilier multi-usages de l’eau et bon état des milieux aquatiques ? L’exemple du Verdon
Authors: Guin Corinne , Savoye Olivier , Kuleza Vincent
Published: May 2022

Le Verdon a commencé à être aménagé dans la seconde moitié du 19e siècle puis à partir de 1947, pour la production hydroélectrique et la fourniture d’eau (alimentation de la Région en eau potable, irrigation et industrielle). Il est ainsi marqué par la présence de cinq barrages. Le bassin versant possède des milieux et espèces aquatiques remarquables. Il concentre tous les usages de gestion de l’eau pouvant exister à l’échelle des bassins : grands aménagements hydroélectriques, transferts d’eau hors bassin, usages touristiques et de loisir… Ces usages souvent contradictoires nécessitaient donc un outil adapté pour organiser le partage de la ressource et garantir leur satisfaction durable dans le respect des équilibres naturels. La démarche du Schéma d’Aménagement et de Gestion des Eaux, fondée sur une large concertation des acteurs locaux afin d’aboutir à des objectifs partagés et à un document de planification de la politique de gestion de l’eau et des milieux aquatiques, était la plus adaptée. Le SAGE Verdon porté par le Parc naturel régional du Verdon a été approuvé en 2014 : une concertation a été menée, des équilibres ont été trouvés, en partenariat avec EDF et la Société du Canal de Provence.
The key role of PSPs in the future of sunny countries
Authors: Lemperière François
Published: May 2022

The revenue per capita of various countries is quite proportional to their use of energy which in the future will be essentially through electricity from renewable sources. The rich countries of OECD are far from equator and use 10 000 TWh/year for 1.3 billion people, 8 000 kWh per capita. Their revenue per capita is five-fold the revenue of 5 billion people of sunny countries closer to equator which use 8 000 Twh, i.e., 1 600 kWh per capita. The economic progress of sunny countries is based upon a use close to 6 000 or 8 000 kWh for 7 or 8 billion mid-century, i.e., 50 000 TWh/year. All sources beyond solar will be limited in most sunny countries and the future seems based upon photovoltaic energy (PV) available 8 to 10 hours per day at low direct cost along year, possibly for 40 000 TWh. A key problem will be the storage from day to night of up to 15 000 TWh/year. The best solution may be pump storage plants (PSPs) storing some 10 hours/day for 10 000 TWh/year i.e., 30 TWh/day by a capacity of 3 000 or 4 000 GW. Beyond traditional solutions in mountains there are many opportunities of cost-effective PSPs based upon twin dams along large rivers or upon PSPs at sea along cliffs. Various examples are presented.
Un retour d’expérience pour les ouvrages maritimes : l’urbanisation en mer à Monaco
Authors: Bert Yahel , Stassen Yves , Tabet Hafid
Published: May 2022

Le projet d’urbanisation en mer à Monaco est une référence technique récente dont nous présentons dans cet article les solutions techniques les plus innovantes, recherchées pour répondre tant aux conditions géologiques, géotechniques et océano-météorologiques difficiles du site qu’au cahier des charges très exigeant (durée de service des ouvrages supérieure à 100 ans, limitation très stricte de l’impact du projet sur l’écosystème environnant). Des solutions originales ont été développées pour la conception de l’infrastructure maritime constituant une extension en mer du territoire monégasque de 6 ha. L’ouvrage comporte une digue à talus en enrochements naturels devant être vibrocompactés à des profondeurs allant jusqu’à -50 m. Cette digue sert d’assise à une série de 18 caissons à paroi ajourée, de 10 000 t l’unité, en béton armé, préfabriqués au port de Marseille en coffrage glissant, dont le béton et le système d’armature ont fait l’objet d’études spécifiques pour la justification de la durabilité de la structure. Le remblai arrière, servant de sol rapporté, est posé sur des couches de sol sédimentaires partiellement purgées qui ont nécessité différents traitements afin d’éviter le risque de liquéfaction et de garantir le respect des objectifs de tassement à long terme (tassements maximums compris entre 1,5 et 9 cm selon les types de bâtiments et de fondations retenus).
Two interconnected water transfers for irrigation and drinking water, a structuring project for the high plains of Setif
Authors: Jouve Vincent , Si- Chaib Abdelghani , Souchon Guillaume
Published: May 2022

The “High Plains of Setif” is a mega water transfer project located in Northern Algeria and is divided into two systems: the Western system and the Eastern system. The Western system consists of a new dam and a water transfer of over twenty kilometres and aims at providing irrigation and drinking water for the Setif region. The Eastern system consists of two new dams and a water transfer of more than fifty kilometers, and aims to transfer water between the dams of Tabellout (Oued Djendjen) and Draa Diss for irrigation and l drinking water in the El-Eulma region. The whole project concerns a volume of 310 million m3 water per year transferred for the irrigation of 40,000 hectares, and drinking water for more than 1,300,000 inhabitants by 2040. The aim of this report is to present the mega project of the “High Plains of Setif”, which constitutes a first experience in Algeria ensuring the interconnection of several reservoirs in the territories to be irrigated. Some design adaptations as well as the multiuse of water in the project will also be discussed.
Patienten relevanter Nutzen und Therapieeffekte in der Stimulationstherapie bei schlafbezogenen Atmungsstörungen
Authors: Steffen Armin
Published: May 2022

Für die Therapie verschiedener schlafbezogene Erkrankungen und das Schnarchen stehen mittlerweile mehrere Neurostimulationsverfahren zur Verfügung. Zur Behandlung der obstruktiven Schlafapnoe (OSA) existieren überwiegend Daten für die atmungsgesteuerte Hypoglossusnervstimulation (HNS), welche die Senkung der Tagesschläfrigkeit in der Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) in zahlreichen Publikationen übereinstimmend und für mehrere Jahre stabil um gut 5 Punkte zeigen konnte. Die schlafbezogene Lebensqualität im Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire erbringt in mehreren Kohorten eine Besserung um gut 2 Punkte. Zahlreiche Arbeiten zeigen eine durchschnittliche Nutzung von 5 bis 6 Stunden. Unter Berücksichtigung kürzerer Nachsorgeintervalle und kleinerer Kohorten sinkt der ESS bei der unilateralen kontinuierlichen HNS um 4 und bei der bilateralen um 3 Punkte. Zur Behandlung der zentralen Schlafapnoe ist die transvenöse Stimulation der Nervus phrenicus zugelassen, bei welcher sich in einer Schlüsselstudie mit fünfjähriger Nachbeobachtung der ESS um 3 Punkte gesenkt werden konnte. Die Therapiezeit beträgt in einer Arbeit gut 5 Stunden. Mit der enoralen Stimulationstherapie gegen das Schnarchen konnte der ESS um gut 2 Punkte gesenkt und die schlafbezogene Lebensqualität sowohl des Schnarchenden als auch des Bettpartners gesteigert werden. Die Adhärenz zum täglichen Training für die nächtlichen Effekte wird mit 83% angegeben. Sowohl für die HNS, Phrenicusstimulation als auch die enorale Stimulationstherapie laufen weitere (Register-)Studien bzw. sind angekündigt, welche Patienten relevante Endpunkte berücksichtigen.
Patienten-Benefit und Lebensqualität nach Roboter-assistierten Operationen im Kopf-Hals-Bereich
Authors: Hussain Timon
Published: May 2022

Robotische Systeme für den Einsatz bei Operationen im Kopf-Hals-Bereich befinden sich in unterschiedlichen Stadien der technischen Entwicklung und der klinischen Anwendung. Vorrangig kommen robotische Systeme bei transoralen Operationen im Bereich des Pharynx und Larynx zum Einsatz, erste Erkenntnisse liegen jedoch auch zu onkologischen und funktionellen Ergebnissen nach Roboter-assistierten Operationen an den Halsweichteilen, der Schilddrüse und im Bereich des Mittel- und Innenohrs vor. Das folgende Referat bietet einen Überblick über die Anwendungsbereiche der Roboter-assistierten Chirurgie im Kopf-Hals-Bereich im Hinblick auf den potenziellen Patienten-Benefit und die post-operative Lebensqualität. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf der Rolle der transoralen robotischen Chirurgie (TORS) bei der Resektion von Oropharynxkarzinomen. Für diesen Anwendungsbereich liegen umfangreiche und langfristige Erkenntnisse vor, welche funktionelle Vorteile für ausgewählte Oropharynxkarzinom-Patienten nach TORS im Vergleich zu Therapiealternativen wie der offenen Chirurgie und der primären Strahlentherapie zeigen. Da der TORS auch eine wichtige Rolle im Hinblick auf eine mögliche Therapiedeeskalation für HPV-positive Oropharynxkarzinom-Patienten zukommt, werden entsprechende laufende Studien vorgestellt. Bei der Beurteilung des Therapie-Benefits und der Lebensqualität ist insbesondere bei Tumorpatienten zu beachten, dass individuelle Patienten-Präferenzen deutlich variieren können. Beeinflussende Faktoren und Tools zur detaillierten Erfassung von Lebensqualitätsparametern werden daher zu Beginn des Referats erläutert.

Während einige robotische Systeme für den Einsatz in der Ohrchirurgie und Schädelbasischirurgie in Europa entwickelt und angewandt werden, kommen TORS-Systeme derzeit vor allem in Nordamerika und Asien zum Einsatz. Dies liegt darin begründet, dass in Europa und vor allem Deutschland mit der transoralen Laser-Mikrochirurgie (TLM) seit Jahrzenten eine bewährte Technologie für die transorale Tumorresektion zur Verfügung steht. Zukünftige Studien zum Vergleich von TORS und TLM mit einer detaillierten Erfassung von Lebensqualitätsparametern könnten dazu beitragen, geeignete Anwendungsbereiche für die jeweilige Technologie zu identifizieren.
Aktive und passive Bioimplantate bei Stimmlippenlähmung
Authors: Müller Andreas
Published: May 2022

Stimmlippenlähmungen gehören zu den die Lebensqualität in besonderem Maße beeinträchtigenden Erkrankungen. Während einseitige Paresen zu Glottisschlussinsuffizienz und Heiserkeit führen, gefährden beidseitige Paresen die Atmung und schränken die körperliche Belastungsfähigkeit ein. Zur Therapie persistierender Paresen werden seit über 100 Jahren Bioimplantate eingesetzt. Das Spektrum reicht vom autologen Gewebetransfer über resorbierbare bzw. permanente Injektionsmaterialen bis hin zu Komposit-Thyreoplastikimplantaten und aktiven elektrischen Implantaten für die Neurostimulation des Larynx. Bei indikationsgerechtem Einsatz der Bioimplantate kann die Lebensqualität der betroffenen Patienten heute erheblich verbessert werden.
Gewalt und Aggression im Gesundheitswesen – (k)ein Thema?
Authors: Pritschke Maik
Published: May 2022

Viele Beschäftigte im Gesundheitswesen kommen während ihrer Berufsausübung mit Gewalt oder sexueller Belästigung in Berührung. Das zeigt eine aktuelle Studie, die von der Berufsgenossenschaft für Gesundheitsdienst und Wohlfahrtspflege (BGW) in Auftrag gegeben und im September 2021 vorgestellt wurde.
Risperidone Toxicity on Human Blood Lymphocytes in Nano molar
Concentrations
Authors: Yousefsani Bahareh Sadat , Salimi Ahmad , Imani Farnaz , Ramezani Maral , Shirani Kobra , Seydi Enayatollah , Pourahmad Jalal
Published: May 2022

Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic drug used for the pharmacotherapy of
psychiatric disorders. Some reports indicate that risperidone is toxic to
various systems of the body, including the immune system. This study evaluated
the toxicity effect of risperidone on human blood lymphocytes. To achieve this
aim, lymphocytes were isolated using Ficoll paque plus. The results showed that
risperidone (12, 24 and 48 nM) causes toxicity in human blood
lymphocytes by increasing the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species
(ROS), damage to lysosomal membrane, the collapse of the mitochondrial membrane
potential (MMP), and increased extracellular oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Also,
exposure of human blood lymphocytes to risperidone is associated with a decrease
in intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels. Finally, it could be concluded that
oxidative stress is one of the mechanisms of risperidone-induced toxicity in
human blood lymphocytes.
Retrospective Study of B Lymphoblastic Leukemia to Assess the Prevalence of TEL/AML1 in South India: A Study of 214 Cases and Review of Literature
Authors: G. Sandhya Devi , Ahmed Faiq , Mundada Manasi C. , Khera Rachna , Nambaru Lavanya , Mallavarapu Krishnamohan , Boyella Pavan Kumar , Patil Veerandra , Laddha Pallavi Suresh , Rajappa Senthil J.
Published: May 2022

Introduction Translocation t(12;21)(p13;q22), a recurrent and an invisible chromosomal abnormality, resulting in TEL/AML1 gene fusion, associated with good prognosis, has been described to be a common abnormality, in children with B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL).

Objectives The initial observation of very few TEL/AML1 positive patients at this center on testing by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) led to study the prevalence of the abnormality, compare with the global distribution, and evaluate clinical, pathological, molecular, and cytogenetic features in TEL/AML1 positive patients.

Materials and Methods A retrospective study of all B-ALL patients tested for TEL/AML1 gene fusion during the period January 2009 to November 2020 was undertaken. Clinicopathological, molecular, cytogenetic, treatment, and follow-up details were collected. All publications dealing with TEL/AML1 gene rearrangement were reviewed post Google and PubMed search.

Results TEL/AML1gene rearrangement was assessed by FISH in 178 patients and by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in 36 patients and detected as the sole abnormality in 8.4% patients with additional genetic abnormalities noted on FISH evaluation. Normal karyotype was noted in 14/18 (77.7%) of these patients and 2 had complex karyotype. Complete blood count revealed hemoglobin to range from 35 to 116 g/L (median: 74 g/L), white blood count: 1.01–110×109/L (median: 7.8×109/L), platelet counts: 10–115×109/L (median: 42×109/L), blast count in peripheral smear: 0–98% (median: 41%). Immunophenotyping demonstrated 94.4% were CD34 positive, common acute lymphoblastic leukemia associated antigen (CALLA) positive with aberrant expression of CD13, CD33, CD56, singly or in combination in 58.8%.

Conclusion TEL/AML1 fusion is rare in Indian patients with B-ALL and appears to be much rarer in our region. The detection of relevant specific abnormalities is of fundamental importance in B-ALL patients and these geographic variations can be used in defining management policies.
La fijación con tornillo de interferencia tibial cuadrante específico permite un constante desplazamiento de los injertos de tejido dentro de tuneles tibiales mal poscionados: Análisis cuantitativo de ligamento cruzado anterior en porcinos
Authors: Vaisman Alex , Cañas Martin , Ruiz Asunción , Edwards Diego , Arellano Sergio , Schmidt-Hebbel Andrés
Published: May 2022

Introducción El error técnico más común durante la reconstrucción del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) es la ubicación incorrecta del túnel. Es incierto si un túnel tibial mal ubicado puede corregirse en el intraoperatorio.

Objetivo Medir el desplazamiento del injerto de tejido blando con tornillos de interferencia tibial.

Materiales y métodos Estudio experimental ex vivo en 28 rodillas porcinas. Se cosechó el tendón flexor de la extremidad posterior, que fue duplicado y dimensionado para que pasara a través de un túnel tibial mal posicionado. Las muestras se dividieron en 4 grupos según el cuadrante de entrada (anterior [A], posterior [P], medial [M], o lateral [L]) de un tornillo de interferencia tibial de 9 mm con relación al injerto. Se ubicó una regla milimétrica en la meseta tibial, la cual fue fotografiada con una cámara EOS T6 (Canon Inc., Ōta, Tokio, Japón), y la imagen fue digitalizada, y puesta en escala a tamaño. La distancia y dirección de los desplazamientos del injerto se midieron con Adobe Photoshop CC 2019 (San José, CA, EEUU). Se analizaron las diferencias medias entre los grupos por análisis de la varianza (analysis of variance, ANOVA, en inglés) unidireccional. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, EEUU), versión 25.0 (p ≤ 0,05)).

Resultados La distancias medias de los desplazamientos del injerto fueron similares en todos los grupos: A – 4,4 mm; P – 4,6 mm; M – 4,5 mm; y L – 4,3 mm, sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p = 0,894). Las direcciones medias de los desplazamientos del injerto también fueron similares entre los 4 grupos: A – 176° (desviación estándar [DE]: ± 15,4°); P – 165° (DE: ± 16,6°); M – 166° (DE: ± 12,1°); y L – 169° (DE: ± 10,6°). No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p = 0.42).

Conclusiones Independientemente del cuadrante de entrada, se observó un desplazamiento constante del injerto hacia el lado opuesto cuando el tornillo tibial alcanzaba la superficie articular. Relevancia clínica: el tornillo tibial mal posicionado puede corregirse en el intraoperatorio con fijación proximal en cuadrante específico, y debe alcanzar la superficie articular para generar un desplazamiento efectivo del injerto. Sin embargo, no podemos predecir la magnitud de error en todos los túneles mal brocados, que debe ser evaluada caso a caso.
Pembrolizumab Weight-Based Dosing: Conviction and Lacunae in Adopting a Cost-Saving Approach—A Survey Report
Authors: Patel Amol , Akhade Amol
Published: May 2022

Introduction Use of immunotherapy drugs has increased leaps and bounds in the last decade with promising results in some of the cancers. The use is limited in low- and middle-income countries due to cost constraints. Weight-based dosing is one measure adopted by Canada and Israel to reduce cost burden and improve access to immunotherapeutic drugs.

Objective We conducted a survey among medical oncologists from India to understand challenges faced in accepting the weight-based dosing of pembrolizumab.

Materials and Methods Questionnaire covering various aspects related to use of immunotherapy drugs was made and it was circulated across various social media platforms. Medical oncologists practicing across India were invited to participate in this survey. The issues like access to drugs and awareness about weight-based dosing of pembrolizumab were covered in the survey. Also, the impact of international guidelines on accepting the weigh-based dosing was studied.

Results Ninety-nine medical oncologists across India participated in the survey. Only 60% medical oncologists are aware about weight-based dosing of pembrolizumab practiced in other countries. Further, 70% of medical oncologists could not prescribe immunotherapy due to cost factor in majority (90%) of their patients. More than 90% agreed that they will use weight-based dosing of pembrolizumab if the Drug Controller General of India, National Comprehensive Cancer Network, or European Society of Medical Oncologists guidelines endorses weight-based dosing.

Conclusion Weight-based dosing of pembrolizumab would be accepted if policy makers and Indian medical oncology societies come together and formulate guidelines. Such guidelines will improve accessibility to immunotherapy drugs and lead to huge cost savings.
Portal Hypertension and Current Endoscopic Management
Authors: Robbins Justin , Mujumdar Sahaj , Tholey Danielle M.
Published: May 2022

Portal hypertension is a difficult to treat sequelae of end stage of liver disease, and is associated with a variety of complications. Notably, it can lead to significant gastrointestinal bleeding, which carries a high risk of mortality. Sources of portal hypertensive bleeding include esophageal and gastric varices, portal hypertensive gastropathy and ectopic varices. Fortunately, endoscopic techniques are effective in both prevention and management of acute bleeding, and their application and expansion has led to improved outcomes. Endoscopy plays a pivotal role as it allows for direct visualization and diagnosis as well as immediate intervention. There are several endoscopic techniques available for the treatment of esophageal varices including band ligation, glue therapy and sclerotherapy. There are, however, gray areas within the management of portal hypertensive bleeding such as the management of portal hypertensive gastropathy and gastric variceal bleeding, both of which can be more challenging to treat endoscopically. Thus, there is growing interest regarding how novel advanced therapeutic techniques can address these areas with a focus on endoscopic ultrasound guided therapies. This article will review both traditional and novel endoscopic techniques used in the management and prevention of portal hypertensive associated bleeding.
Genes determining panicle morphology and grain quality in rice (
Authors: Shaw Birendra Prasad , Sekhar Sudhanshu , Panda Binay Bhushan , Sahu Gyanasri , Chandra Tilak , Parida Ajay Kumar
Published: May 2022

The world’s increase in rice (Oryza sativa L.) production is not keeping up with the increase in its population. To boost the introduction of new high-yielding cultivars, knowledge is being gained on the genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) determining the panicle phenotype. The important are those determining yield of the crop, such as grain numbers per panicle and size and weight of the grains. Biochemical and molecular functions of many of them are understood in some details. Among these, OsCKX2 and OsSPL14 have been shown to increase panicle branching and grain numbers when overexpressed. Furthermore, miRNAs appear to play an important role in determining the panicle morphology by regulating the expressions of the genes like OsSPL14 and GRF4 involved in panicle branching and grain numbers and length. Mutations also greatly influence the grain shape and size. However, the information gained so far on the genetic regulation of grain filling and panicle morphology has not been successfully put into commercial application. Furthermore, the identification of the gene(s)/QTLs regulating panicle compactness is still lacking, which may enable the researchers to convert a compact-panicle cultivar into a lax/open one, and thereby increasing the chances of enhancing the yield of a desired compact-panicle cultivar obtained by the breeding effort.
Neural representations of others’ traits predict social decisions
Authors: Kobayashi Kenji , Kable Joseph W. , Hsu Ming , Jenkins Adrianna C.
Published: May 2022

Significance

People’s decisions about how to treat others are known to be influenced by societally shared expectations about the typical traits of people from particular social groups (stereotypes). We combined a social psychological framework, an economic game, and multivariate functional MRI analysis to investigate whether and how trait inferences are instantiated neurally in the service of behavior toward members of different social groups. Multidimensional representations of trait content were found in brain regions associated with social cognition and in a region associated with inference-based decision-making: the lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Only OFC representations predicted individual participants’ behavior, suggesting that although stereotypes are also represented in social cognition regions, they exert influence on behavior via decision-making mechanisms centered in the OFC.
Peaks and primordial black holes: the effect of non-Gaussianity
Authors: Young Sam
Published: May 2022

In light of recent developments in the field, we re-evaluate the effect of local-type non-Gaussianity on the primordial black hole (PBH) abundance (and consequently, upon constraints on the primordial power spectrum arising from PBHs). We apply peaks theory to the full, non-linear compaction, finding that, whilst the effect of non-Gaussianity is qualitatively similar to previous findings, the effect is much less significant. It is found the non-Gaussianity parameters f
NL
local and g
NL
local typically need to be approximately 1 or 2 orders of magntiude larger respectively to have a similar to that previously found. The effect will be to weaken the dependance of PBH constraints on the primordial power spectrum on the non-Gaussianity parameters, as well as to dramatically weaken constraints on the non-Gaussianity parameters (and/or PBH abundance) arising from the non-observation of dark matter isocurvature modes. We also consider the correlation between the curvature perturbation ζ and the compaction C, finding that, whilst PBHs may form at rare peaks in C these do not necessarily correspond to rare peaks in ζ — casting some doubt on many of the existing calculations of the PBH abundance.
General Markovian equation for scalar fields in a slowly evolving background
Authors: Buldgen Gilles , Drewes Marco , Kang Jin U , Ri Mun Ui
Published: May 2022

We present a general and model-independent method to obtain an effective Markovian quantum kinetic equation for the expectation value of a slowly evolving scalar field in an adiabatically evolving background from first principles of nonequilibrium quantum field theory. The method requires almost no assumptions about the field's interactions and the composition of the background, except that 1) the coupling constants shall be small enough for perturbation theory to be applicable, 2) there is a clear separation between microphysical time scales and the rate at which bulk properties change, and 3) higher time derivatives of the field remain small. The resulting Markovian equation of motion is expressed in terms of an effective potential and friction coefficients. Motivated by cosmological applications we focus on spatially homogeneous and isotropic systems, but the approach could also be applied to spatial gradients.
Quantum properties of nonclassical states generated by an optomechanical system with catalytic quantum scissors
Authors: Li Heng-Mei , Yang Bao-Hua , Yuan Hong-Chun , Xu Ye-Jun
Published: May 2022

A scheme is proposed to investigate the non-classical states generated by a quantum scissors device (QSD) operating on the the cavity mode of an optomechanical system. When the catalytic QSD acts on the cavity mode of the optomechanical system, the resulting state contains only the vacuum, single-photon and two-photon states depending upon the coupling parameter of the optomechanical system as well as the transmission coefficients of beam splitters (BSs). Especially, the output state is just a class of multicomponent cat state truncations at time t = 2π by choosing the appropriate value of coupling parameter. We discuss the success probability of such a state and the fidelity between the output state and input state via QSD. Then the linear entropy is used to investigate the entanglement between the two subsystems, finding that QSD operation can enhance their entanglement degree. Furthermore, we also derive the analytical expression of the Wigner function (WF) for the cavity mode via QSD and numerically analyze the WF distribution in phase space at time t = 2π. These results show that the high non-classicality of output state can always be achieved by modulating the coupling parameter of the optomechanical system as well as the transmittance of BSs.
Finite-time Mittag–Leffler synchronization of fractional-order complex-valued memristive neural networks with time delay
Authors: Wang Guan , Ding Zhixia , Li Sai , Yang Le , Jiao Rui
Published: May 2022

Without dividing the complex-valued systems into two real-valued ones, a class of fractional-order complex-valued memristive neural networks (FCVMNNs) with time delay is investigated. Firstly, based on the complex-valued sign function, a novel complex-valued feedback controller is devised to research such systems. Under the framework of Filippov solution, differential inclusion theory and Lyapunov stability theorem, the finite-time Mittag–Leffler synchronization (FTMLS) of FCVMNNs with time delay can be realized. Meanwhile, the upper bound of the synchronization settling time (SST) is less conservative than previous results. In addition, by adjusting controller parameters, the global asymptotic synchronization of FCVMNNs with time delay can also be realized, which improves and enrich some existing results. Lastly, some simulation examples are designed to verify the validity of conclusions.
Smart flood resilience: harnessing community-scale big data for predictive flood risk monitoring, rapid impact assessment, and situational awareness
Authors: Yuan Faxi , Fan Chao , Farahmand Hamed , Coleman Natalie , Esmalian Amir , Lee Cheng-Chun , Patrascu Flavia I , Zhang Cheng , Dong Shangjia , Mostafavi Ali
Published: May 2022

Smart resilience is the beneficial result of the collision course of the fields of data science and urban resilience to flooding. The objective of this study is to propose and demonstrate a smart flood resilience framework that leverages heterogeneous community-scale big data and infrastructure sensor data to enhance predictive risk monitoring and situational awareness. The smart flood resilience framework focuses on four core capabilities that could be augmented by the use of heterogeneous community-scale big data and analytics techniques: (1) predictive flood risk mapping; (2) automated rapid impact assessment; (3) predictive infrastructure failure prediction and monitoring; and (4) smart situational awareness capabilities. We demonstrate the components of these core capabilities of the smart flood resilience framework in the context of the 2017 Hurricane Harvey in Harris County, Texas. First, we present the use of flood sensors for the prediction of floodwater overflow in channel networks and inundation of co-located road networks. Second, we discuss the use of social media and machine learning techniques for assessing the impacts of floods on communities and sensing emotion signals to examine societal impacts. Third, we describe the use of high-resolution traffic data in network-theoretic models for nowcasting of flood propagation on road networks and the disrupted access to critical facilities, such as hospitals. Fourth, we introduce how location-based and credit card transaction data were used in spatial analyses to proactively evaluate the recovery of communities and the impacts of floods on businesses. These analyses show that the significance of core capabilities of the smart flood resilience framework in helping emergency managers, city planners, public officials, responders, and volunteers to better cope with the impacts of catastrophic flooding events.
Chudnovsky’s conjecture and the stable Harbourne–Huneke containment
Authors: Bisui Sankhaneel , Grifo Eloísa , Hà Huy , Nguy𝑒̂̃n Thái
Published: May 2022

We investigate containment statements between symbolic and ordinary powers and bounds on the Waldschmidt constant of defining ideals of points in projective spaces. We establish the stable Harbourne conjecture for the defining ideal of a general set of points. We also prove Chudnovsky’s Conjecture and the stable version of the Harbourne–Huneke containment conjectures for a general set of sufficiently many points.
Weakly inscribed polyhedra
Authors: Chen Hao , Schlenker Jean-Marc
Published: May 2022

Motivated by an old question of Steiner, we study convex polyhedra in

R

P

3

\mathbb {R}\mathrm {P}^3

with all their vertices on a sphere, but the polyhedra themselves do not lie on one side the sphere. We give an explicit combinatorial description of the possible combinatorics of such polyhedra. The proof uses a natural extension of the 3-dimensional hyperbolic space by the de Sitter space. Polyhedra with their vertices on the sphere are interpreted as ideal polyhedra in this extended space. We characterize the possible dihedral angles of those ideal polyhedra, as well as the geometric structures induced on their boundaries, which is composed of hyperbolic and de Sitter regions glued along their ideal boundaries.
On local path behavior of Surgailis multifractional processes
Authors: Ayache A. , Bouly F.
Published: May 2022

Multifractional processes are stochastic processes with non-stationary increments whose local regularity and self-similarity properties change from point to point. The paradigmatic example of them is the classical Multifractional Brownian Motion (MBM)

{

M

(
t
)

}

t
∈

R

\{{\mathcal {M}}(t)\}_{t\in \mathbb {R}}

of Benassi, Jaffard, Lévy Véhel, Peltier and Roux, which was constructed in the mid 90’s just by replacing the constant Hurst parameter

H

{\mathcal {H}}

of the well-known Fractional Brownian Motion by a deterministic function

H

(
t
)

{\mathcal {H}}(t)

having some smoothness. More than 10 years later, using a different construction method, which basically relied on nonhomogeneous fractional integration and differentiation operators, Surgailis introduced two non-classical Gaussian multifactional processes denoted by

{
X
(
t
)

}

t
∈

R

\{X(t)\}_{t\in \mathbb {R}}

and

{
Y
(
t
)

}

t
∈

R

\{Y(t)\}_{t\in \mathbb {R}}

.

In our article, under a rather weak condition on the functional parameter

H

(
⋅
)

{\mathcal {H}}(\cdot )

, we show that

{

M

(
t
)

}

t
∈

R

\{{\mathcal {M}}(t)\}_{t\in \mathbb {R}}

and

{
X
(
t
)

}

t
∈

R

\{X(t)\}_{t\in \mathbb {R}}

as well as

{

M

(
t
)

}

t
∈

R

\{{\mathcal {M}}(t)\}_{t\in \mathbb {R}}

and

{
Y
(
t
)

}

t
∈

R

\{Y(t)\}_{t\in \mathbb {R}}

only differ by a part which is locally more regular than

{

M

(
t
)

}

t
∈

R

\{{\mathcal {M}}(t)\}_{t\in \mathbb {R}}

itself. On one hand this result implies that the two non-classical multifractional processes

{
X
(
t
)

}

t
∈

R

\{X(t)\}_{t\in \mathbb {R}}

and

{
Y
(
t
)

}

t
∈

R

\{Y(t)\}_{t\in \mathbb {R}}

have exactly the same local path behavior as that of the classical MBM

{

M

(
t
)

}

t
∈

R

\{{\mathcal {M}}(t)\}_{t\in \mathbb {R}}

. On the other hand it allows to obtain from discrete realizations of

{
X
(
t
)

}

t
∈

R

\{X(t)\}_{t\in \mathbb {R}}

and

{
Y
(
t
)

}

t
∈

R

\{Y(t)\}_{t\in \mathbb {R}}

strongly consistent statistical estimators for values of their functional parameter.
On the correlation between critical points and critical values for random spherical harmonics
Authors: Cammarota V. , Todino A.
Published: May 2022

We study the correlation between the total number of critical points of random spherical harmonics and the number of critical points with value in any interval

I
⊂

R

I \subset \mathbb {R}

. We show that the correlation is asymptotically zero, while the partial correlation, after controlling the random

L
2

L^2

-norm on the sphere of the eigenfunctions, is asymptotically one. Our findings complement the results obtained by Wigman (2012) and Marinucci and Rossi (2021) on the correlation between nodal and boundary length of random spherical harmonics.
Non-central limit theorem for the spatial average of the solution to the wave equation with Rosenblatt noise
Authors: Dhoyer R. , Tudor C.
Published: May 2022

We analyze the limit behavior in distribution of the spatial average of the solution to the wave equation driven by the two-parameter Rosenblatt process in spatial dimension

d
=
1

d=1

. We prove that this spatial average satisfies a non-central limit theorem, more precisely it converges in law to a Wiener integral with respect to the Rosenblatt process. We also give a functional version of this limit theorem.
Random Lipschitz–Killing curvatures: Reduction Principles, Integration by Parts and Wiener chaos
Authors: Vidotto A.
Published: May 2022

In this survey we collect some recent results regarding the Lipschitz–Killing curvatures (LKCs) of the excursion sets of random eigenfunctions on the two-dimensional standard flat torus (arithmetic random waves) and on the two-dimensional unit sphere (random spherical harmonics). In particular, the aim of the present survey is to highlight the key role of integration by parts formulae in order to have an extremely neat expression for the random LKCs. Indeed, the main tool to study local geometric functionals of random waves on manifold is to exploit their Wiener chaos decomposition and show that (often), in the so-called high-energy limit, a single chaotic component dominates their behavior. Moreover, reduction principles show that the dominant Wiener chaotic component of LKCs of random waves’ excursion sets at threshold level

u
≠
0

u\ne 0

is proportional to the integral of

H
2

(
f
)

H_2(f)

,

f
f

being the random field of interest and

H
2

H_2

the second Hermite polynomial. This will be shown via integration by parts formulae.