bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some aspects of nonlinear mechanics in calculations of reinforced concrete
Authors: Паливода О.А.
Published: December 2019

The results of experimental studies of concrete at different levels of compression stresses loaded in young and middle age are presented. The questions of the expediency of taking into account nonlinear relative creep deformations in practical calculations are considered. The processing of experimental data is done, conclusions are made.
Дослідження опору витягання арматурних стержнів з бетонів різних класів
Authors: Філіпчук С.В. , Поляновська О.Є.
Published: December 2019

Наведені результати експериментальних досліджень зчеплення арматури з бетонами різних класів. Проведений аналіз впливу довжини анкетування та діаметра арматури на граничні напруження зчеплення арматури з бетоном.
Силуроактипоритобетон
Authors: Хільченко О.П.
Published: December 2019

У статті приведені результати досліджень міцносних та експлуатаційних властивостей силуроактипоритобетону, виготовленого на ефективному пористому заповнювачі із силікатно-глинистої сировини – силуроактипориту.
Визначення температури крихкості модифікованих бітумів та зміни їх властивостей після прогрівання
Authors: Талах Л.О. , Андрійчук О.В. , Шимчук О.П.
Published: December 2019

Наведено результати експериментальних досліджень температури крихкості та змін властивостей після прогрівання дорожніх бітумів, модифікованих полімерно-активними добавками Kraton D1101, Calprene С-411, Calprene C-501 і восковою добавкою Sasobit.
Instrumentos da reforma agrária: um estudo de caso da Comunidade Rural de Sebastião Lan II
Authors: Bezerra de Menezes Lobato da Costa Rodolfo
Published: December 2019

This article is based on a long-term research on the rural community of Sebastião Lan II, a settlement project in the state of Rio de Janeiro, from which we will reflect on the technical instruments triggered by the state agency responsible for the policy of land reform. Despite the impossibility or difficulty to carry out a viable Sustainable Development Project (PDS) in the São João Valley region (Silva Jardim-RJ), we intend to analyze two tools used as a privileged locus to understand the limits and complexities of the preconceived models imposed by State agents: the Occupational Report and the Environmental Feasibility Report. The analysis of the procedures of this process of resocialization of rural workers tends to reveal a complementary tension between utopias and conservatism, which apparently denies ambiguities and potentialities of social relations in transition.Keywords: agrarian reform; Incra; reports; Sebastião Lan II; sustainable development project.COSTA, Rodolfo Bezerra de Menezes Lobato da. Instrumentos da reforma agrária: um estudo de caso da Comunidade Rural de Sebastião Lan II. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, v. 27, n. 3, p. 454-482, out. 2019.Submitted in July 2019.Accepted in August 2019.
Mercados institucionais: comercialização e aferição de produtos orgânicos
Authors: Oliveira Leitão Fabrício , Silva Warley Henrique , Del Grossi Mauro Eduardo
Published: December 2019

In order to encourage the production of healthy food, with ecological prudence, institutional food markets began to demand in their contracting products from organic agriculture. However, there are many difficulties of farmers in raising the logistics costs of their production, otherwise they will lose money through negligence. This study aimed toanalyze marketing channels for organic products from family farms engaged in supplying school lunches (PNAE) in order to propose an alternative to sustaining logistics costs in this process. The research was exploratory and descriptive, using aqualitative approach, based on a systematic literature review and a case study of a cooperative that receives and sells products from organic farmers to supply the PNAE, combined with a documentary analysis. The data were analyzed using content analysis. The results showed that logistics costs have a direct influence on the formation of the final price of products from organic farming, particularly those related to transport costs and administrative costs. The information presented may serve on the one hand, for Executing Entities at the moment of composing the reference prices of the products published in public calls, and on the other for farmers,so they can make a more informed assessment of the predefined prices.Keywords: institutional markets; organic agriculture; price formation; logistic costs.LEITÃO, Fabrício Oliveira; SILVA, Warley Henrique; DEL GROSSI, Mauro Eduardo. Mercados institucionais: comercialização e aferição de produtos orgânicos. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, v. 27, n. 3, p. 590-616, out. 2019.Submitted in February 2019.Accepted in August 2019.
Utilization of sugarbeet fiber and brewers’ spent grain in the production of tarhana
Authors: Özboy-Özba Özen , Hançer Ayla , Gökbulut Incilay
Published: December 2019

In this study, the effects of sugarbeet fiber (SBF) and brewers’ spent grain (BSG) on the quality of tarhana, a fermented wheat flour-yoghurt product, were studied. SBF was produced from sugarbeet pulp collected after pressing. BSG was a malt-rice adjunct mash spent grain. SBF and BSG of particle sizes >425 mm were added into the tarhana formulation at levels of 3, 6, 9, and 12%. Total dietary fiber (TDF) contents of SBF and BSG were 72.9% and 65.2%, respectively. Chemical properties, color values, sensory scores and TDF contents of SBF- and BSG-containing tarhana samples were investigated. Addition of SBF decreased protein and crude fat values but BSG increased them significantly (p < 0.01). Addition of SBF and BSG resulted in lower L*a*b* color1 values giving slightly darker products. The TDF contents of organoleptically accepted 9% SBF and 6% BSG added tarhanas showed ~3 and ~2 fold higher TDF than the control groups, respectively. Utilization of SBF and BSG in tarhana production resulted in acceptable soup properties in terms of most of the sensory properties. Slightly lower values in some of the sensory properties (color, odor, and taste) could be compensated by the health benefits of fiber products.
Cogeneration potential in Colombian sugar factories
Authors: Castillo Edgar F. , Gómez Adolfo L. , Cobo Diego , Aguirre Carlos
Published: December 2019

Nowadays, the Colombian sugar industry is involved in an expansion process, mainly related to the diversification of final products. In this way, since 2005 five ethanol distilleries have been running, covering just 65% of total ethanol demand. The distilleries were designed coupled with a composting plant, based on vinasses and carbonatation sludge from the sugar factory. Both distilleries and composting plants show many features which make them a special case in the ethanol market, so they produce a maximum of 3 L vinasse/L ethanol. Besides, in all cases, the thermal and electrical power requirements in the ethanol plant are supplied by the sugar factory. In this paper, a brief description of technological features of the typical process configuration followed by the Colombian sugar industry is shown. It comprises the steam consumption distribution by sections, the common configuration of the heat exchanger network (HEN) developed for bleed vapor usage and the role of energy self-sufficiency of the factory played by the bagasse quality. A set of possible scenarios for improving energy efficiency in a selected sugar factory which comprises a modified HEN can be formulated, including a revamping of the existing boiler and finally a new boiler operating at higher pressure. Based on the previous information, the state of the main Colombian cogeneration projects based on sugarcane and its potential impact on the national energy supply is shown. Finally, the paper describes how Colombian governmental requirements for cogeneration plants are trying to establish a legal framework for this novel industrial activity in the country.
Biomassepotenzial aus der Landwirtschaft – Möglichkeiten und Grenzen
Authors: Schindler Mathias
Published: December 2019

In zwei Studien wurden die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Biomasseerzeugung in der Landwirtschaft Niedersachsens anhand von Beispielregionen untersucht. Im Gemeinschaftsprojekt mit dem Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik in Potsdam-Bornim für Volkswagen und das Land Niedersachsen wurden in der „SUNREG I“-Studie in einem „Produktionsmodell“ sowohl Änderungen in der Anbaustruktur auf den Ackerflächen als auch das mobilisierbare Potenzial an Nebenprodukten (Stroh etc.) unter simulierten Änderungen der Erlös- und Kostenstrukturen geschätzt. Dabei zeigte sich sowohl beim Hochertragstandort „Börde“ als auch im viehstarken Gebiet selbst in Extremvarianten aller Szenarien eine hohe Stabilität der Anbaustruktur. Die betriebenen Produktionsstrukturen bieten eindeutige Einkommensvorteile. In der Region „Heide“, einem Gebiet mit geringer Flächenbonität und mäßigem Viehbesatz variierte die Produktionsstruktur z.T. deutlich. Die ökonomische Attraktivität ändert sich schon bei geringen Verschiebungen der Erlös-Kosten-Relationen.
Bei den bisher mangels Verwertungsmöglichkeiten vergleichsweise „frei“ verfügbaren Nebenprodukten erweist sich das Stroh aufgrund guter Lagerfähigkeit und funktionierender Bergesysteme trotz geringer Dichte (Volumengewicht max. 200 kg/m3) als das attraktivste Substrat. Allerdings können nur in Regionen mit hohem Getreideanteil bei geringem Eigenbedarf der Landwirtschaft an Stroh die in Anlagenstudien bislang genannten Mengendimensionen (>200 000 t organische Trockenmasse) bei vertretbarem Transportaufwand (<35 km) erreicht werden.
Die Studie „BTL-Dollbergen“, bei der das Biomassepotenzial innerhalb zentrischer Kreise um den Standort Dollbergen (30 km östlich von Hannover) analysiert wurde, kommt zu ähnlichen Ergebnissen. Biomasse aus Stroh ist das einzige in ausreichenden freien Mengen zu 40 % niedrigeren Kosten verfügbare landwirtschaftliche Substrat.
Das Potenzial der Natriumdüngung für den Zuckerrübenanbau
Authors: Szulc Piotr Mirosław , Kobierski Mirosław , Kubicki Kazimierz , Keutgen Norbert
Published: December 2019

Für die Zuckerrübe ist eine ausreichende Versorgung mit Natrium für Wachstum und Ertragsbildung von besonderer Bedeutung, da Natrium als Osmotikum nicht nur Kalium ersetzen kann, sondern darüber hinaus eine zusätzliche, durch Kalium nicht substituierbare stimulierende Wirkung auf das Wachstum hat. Daraus ergibt sich für den Zuckerrübenanbau die Möglichkeit, relativ kostenintensiven Kaliumdünger zumindest teilweise durch günstigeren Natriumdünger zu ersetzen. In einem repräsentativen Containerexperiment konnte durch eine gezielte Düngung mit bis zu 150 kg Na ha–1, appliziert als Na2CO3, die Gesamtpflanzenbiomasse um ca. 11 %, der Rübenertrag um ca. 16 % und der Bereinigte Zucker-ertrag um ca. 18 % gesteigert werden.
The Brazilian sugarcane ethanol industry’s approach to certification
Authors: Desplechin Emmanuel
Published: December 2019

The Brazilian sugarcane industry is well positioned to comply with sustainability criteria being defined in the EU and the supply market with proven sustainable fuel ethanol. A number of measures already in place in Brazil ensure minimum required savings in greenhouse gas emissions and observance of land use restrictions. Initiatives such as the Green Protocol in the State of São Paulo, the UNICA-FERAESP protocol and the RenovAção program include social considerations and are vital for the Brazilian sugarcane industry to demonstrate the sustainability of its production. The national program AgroEcological Zoning for Sugarcane, introduced by the federal government, ensures land use restrictions are applied well beyond EU requirements. The proliferation of sustainability schemes is counterproductive insofar it discourages investments in developing countries, with negative consequences for early implementers of criteria of the Renewable Energy Sources Directive.
CORRELATION BETWEEN STANDARDIZED UPTAKE VALUE AND HISTOPATHOLOGY OF OESOPHAGEAL CARCINOMA: A SINGLE CENTER ANALYSIS
Authors: Hassan Aamna , Majeed Yasir , Bashir Humayun , Nawaz Khalid
Published: December 2019

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the correlation between oesophageal cancer histopathology and the standardised uptake value (SUV) of the primary lesion on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan.Methods: We reviewed clinical data of consecutive newly diagnosed oesophageal cancer patients who underwent positron emission tomography with 2-deoxy-2-[ uorine-18] uoro-D glucose integrated with CT (18F-FDG PET/CT) between September 2009 and July 2014. Results: A total of 289 baseline scans were performed in this 55-month period. Of these, 171 (59%) were male. The mean age was 52.6 years (standard deviation ± 12.4 years). On histological review, 214 were squamous cell carcinomas (SCCa) and 75 were adenocarcinomas. Of the SCCa, 15.9% were poorly differentiated, 70.6% were moderately differentiated and 13.5% were well differentiated. Of the adenocarcinomas, 20% were poorly differentiated, 45% were moderately differentiated, 28% were well differentiated and signet ring cell was 7%. Mean maximum SUV (SUVmax) for SCCa was 12.6 ± 5.14 and 10.5 ± 6.2 for adenocarcinomas. In bivariate analysis, being a female was associated with a higher SUV in the primary lesion by 1.66 units (P = 0.011) compared to males. Adenocarcinomas were associated with a lower SUV by 2.14 units (P = 0.004) compared to SCCa. In bivariate analysis, no signi cant correlation was found between the T-stage of the tumour and the SUVmax of the primary tumour (P = 0.339). Multivariate analyses showed no association of the SUV of the primary oesophageal tumour with the degree of differentiation of either SCCa or adenocarcinoma. There was no correlation between the SUVmax of the primary lesion and the presence or activity level of a metastatic focus, whether visceral or nodal. Conclusion: At our centre, three-fourths of patients with oesophageal carcinoma had squamous cell carcinoma on histology. Adenocarcinoma is associated with a lower SUV compared to SCCa. There is no association between the SUVmax and degree of differentiation of the primary oesophageal cancer. Key words: Fluorodeoxyglucose, oesophageal adenocarcinoma, oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, positron emission tomography/computed tomography, standardised uptake value
IMAGING TECHNIQUES USED IN MULTIPLE MYELOMA
Authors: Hameed Abdul , Foran Paul , O'Gorman Peter , Ryan Jonathan
Published: December 2019

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell disorder, characterised by bone marrow infiltration with clonal plasma cells; production of monoclonal immunoglobulin (paraprotein); end-organ damage; lytic lesions in the bones; renal impairment; hypercalcaemia and anaemia. Skeleton evaluation in MM is necessary not only for staging purposes but also to detect serious complications such as fractures. Skeletal survey is an established rst-line investigation for this purpose. However, in recent years, new imaging techniques such as whole-body magnetic resonance imaging and 2- uoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography computed tomography have been used widely. In this article, we review different imaging techniques used in MM and their impact on patient management. Key words: Imaging techniques, magnetic resonance imaging, multiple myeloma, osteolytic lesions, positron emission tomography/computed tomography, skeletal survey
PROGNOSIS OF BREAST CANCER IN VERY YOUNG AGE (LESS THAN 30 YEARS)
Authors: Bano Razia , Salim Mariam , Khan Amina Iqbal , Zaidi Akif
Published: December 2019

Purpose: Breast cancer diagnosed at a younger age has aggressive biology being triple negative and high grade and is associated with poor prognosis.Materials and Methods: Retrospectively data of 121 patients age 30 years or younger registered during the year 2008 were reviewed. Data were extracted from the cancer registry department of the institute. Demographics studied were the age at diagnosis, gender, pregnancy or lactation association, family history of breast cancer, histopathological diagnosis, and stage of the disease, receptors, type of treatment, response, local recurrence, distant relapse, and survival. Results: A total of 121 patients with age 30 years or less were included. An only a single patient was male. The age range was from 20 to 30 years; bilateral involvement was seen in a single patient. Almost half 50.4% (n = 61) patients had locally advanced disease at presentation. Pregnancy/lactation-associated breast cancer was seen in 29.8% (n = 36). The most common stage was Stage III (52.1%) and Stage II (33.9%). Invasive ductal carcinoma was the most common histology 94.2% (n = 114) of patients; triple negative was the most common molecular subtype present in 46.3% (n = 56). Chemotherapy was received by 92.6% (n = 112), 88.4% (n = 107) patients received radiation therapy. Modi ed radical mastectomy was performed in 57% (n = 69), breast conservation surgery in 35.5% (n = 43), follow- up period was 5 years, local recurrence was observed in 12.4% (n = 15) and cancer related deaths were 42.1% (n = 51). Conclusions: Breast cancer in very young has very aggressive tumour biology, needs aggressive treatment with surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and hormonal therapy. Key words: Breast cancer, pregnancy-associated aggressive tumour biology, triplenegative, young
PITUITARY INCIDENTALOMAS – WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE?
Authors: Imran Syed Ali
Published: December 2019

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INTRAOSSEOUS HAEMANGIOMAS ON HYBRID IMAGING: A PICTORIAL REVIEW
Authors: Razi Mairah , Bashir Humayun , Riaz Saima , Faruqui Zia S
Published: December 2019

Osseous haemangiomas are benign skeletal tumours, usually identi ed as incidental ndings on different imaging modalities. Bone scan is the most frequent radionuclide procedure performed as metastatic workup in patients with various malignancies. Not every hotspot on a staging bone scan is malignant. Haemangiomas with variable degree of radiotracer uptake on technetium-99m (Tc-99m) bone scintigraphy may be falsely labelled as metastases in background of known malignancy. The addition of single-photon emission computed tomography computed tomography (SPECT-CT) enhances the specificity of bone scan which allows accurate detection and anatomical localisation of scintigraphic findings. We present a case series as pictorial review of osseous haemangiomas identi ed on Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate SPECT CT at our department. Key words: Haemangioma, methylene diphosphonate, bone scan, single-photon emission computed tomography- computed tomography
CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH SYNCHRONOUS PRIMARY OVARIAN AND ENDOMETRIAL CANCERS
Authors: Chaudary Samreen , Sadaf Tabina , Butt Sumera , Syed Aamir Ali , Siddiqui Neelam
Published: December 2019

Purpose: Synchronous primary endometrial and ovarian cancers are infrequent. The objective of this study is to evaluate clinicopathological characteristics of synchronous endometrial and ovarian cancers treated in our institution.Materials and Methods: The clinicopathological characteristics of 12 patients with synchronous ovarian and endometrial cancers treated at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan, from July 2005 to July 2015, were reviewed retrospectively in depth from hospital database. The WHO committee classification was used for the histologic determination and staged based on International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging. Results: The median age at the time of diagnosis was 50 years (range 23–66 years). The incidence of synchronous primary endometrial and ovarian cancers was 2.01% in patients with endometrial cancer. A total of seven patients were menopausal (58%) and eight patients were nulliparous (66%); the median body mass index (BMI) was 29 kg/m2 (range, 20–38). Abnormal uterine bleeding was the most common presenting symptom. According to FIGO stage, 10 cases of endometrial were Stage I/II (84%) and two cases were Stage III (16%). Of the ovarian cancers, nine cases were Stage I/II (83.3%) and two cases were Stage III (16.7%). Endometrial cancer was the main pathological type in uterine carcinoma (86%) followed by serous carcinoma (14%), and similarly, for ovarian cancer, endometrial was the most common pathology (67%) followed by serous/clear cell (16%) and mucinous (16.7%). Most endometrial and ovarian primaries in our series were Grade I and II tumours, 83% and 66%, respectively. 8 patients (66%) had similar histology in both primaries. All patients underwent surgical intervention. Only one patient did not receive any post-operative adjuvant therapy. 10 patients received platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy and six patients received adjuvant radiotherapy. Conclusion: Synchronous primary endometrial and ovarian cancers are infrequent and distinct set of patients. Abnormal per vaginal bleed was the most common symptom which helped in early detection. Majority of the patients belong to concordant endometrial histology, low grade, had younger age and high BMI. Treatment should be tailored to the stage, histology and grade of the individual tumours. Key words: Endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, synchronous tumours
PAEDIATRIC SURGICAL ONCOLOGY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A PERSPECTIVE FROM PAKISTAN
Authors: Akhtar Jamshed
Published: December 2019

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HOW TO WRITE A SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH PAPER
Authors: Asghar Kashif , Rashid Muhammad Usman
Published: December 2019

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PICTORIAL REVIEW OF EXTRAOSSEOUS EWING’S TUMOUR: A SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE
Authors: Fayyaz Muhammad Bilal , Niazi Imran Khalid , Iqbal Amjad
Published: December 2019

Purpose: Ewing’s family tumour is an extremely rare tumour, with annual incidence rates amongst Caucasian children <21 years being in the range of 2–3 cases per million in the U.S. There are mainly three subtypes including Ewing’s sarcoma (ES) of bone, extraosseous (EO) Ewing’s tumour and Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour. Although extremely rare, this study represents a review of various types of cases and the significance of imaging including its baseline and post-treatment response radiological characteristics. There are a very few cases of EO ES in the current literature with variable spectrum of tumour site and their imaging characteristics.Materials and Methods: Electronic records were retrospectively reviewed from 1 May 2011 to 1 May 2016 with patients who were diagnosed as histologically proven ES. A number of patients, gender and base line computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging findings for staging were reviewed.Results: A total of 568 patients with diagnosed ES were analysed, of which 15 patients had EO type of ES. Of these only 8 patients had baseline imaging available which included tumours arising from the occipital region, orbit, anterior mediastinum, anterior abdominal wall, mesentery, kidney, prostate gland and presacral region.Conclusion: EO ES is a rare entity and can involve a wide array of soft tissue organs. A cross-sectional imaging with CT and MR has a key role in pre- and post-treatment assessment.Key words: Computed tomography, Ewing’s sarcoma, extraosseous Ewing’s, magnetic resonance imaging, peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour
COMPARISON OF CURRENT SCREENING FOR PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY WITH STANDARDIZED SCREENING TOOLS I PATIENT HEALTH QUALITY -9 AND GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDERS-7 AMONG ADULT INPATIENTS AT SHAUKAT KHANUM MEMORIAL CANCER HOSPITAL & RESEARCH CENTRE (SKMCH&RC)
Authors: Hafi Suhaib Bin Bilal , Hayat Nasira , Qureshi Nosheen , Tanzeem Tanzila , Jovindah Sheheryar , Hafeez Haroon
Published: December 2019

Purpose: Screening for depression and anxiety for inpatients at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre is done by nursing team by asking patients two questions from a structured admission tool aimed toward depression and anxiety. We audited the use of the current method of screening for depression and anxiety against standard screening tools for depression and anxiety i.e., Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 and Generalised AnxietyDisorder (GAD)-7. The aim was improvement of screening for depression and anxiety amongst cancer inpatients.Methods: We used a cross-sectional method to observe if the current screening method was being completed on admission on an inpatient ward of 40 patients on one particular day. Second, we delivered PHQ-9 and GAD-7 as screening tools on the same inpatients on the same day to compare with the current screening method.Results: Prevalence of depression was 54.5% (n = 18) and that of generalized anxiety was 36.4% (n = 12), regardless of severity, when using PHQ-9 and GAD-7. Comparatively, the current method of screening was able to pick up 16.6% (n = 3) of cases of depression and 16.6% (n = 2) of cases of generalised anxiety.Conclusion: We concluded that improvement was required in the screening process for depression and anxiety by devising a new screening tool specific to our cancer population.Key words: Anxiety, cancer, depression, screening
INDOLEAMINE 2,3 DIOXYGENASE AS AN IMMUNOTHERAPEUTIC TARGET BRINGS A NEW HOPE FOR CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Asghar Kashif , Loya Asif
Published: December 2019

Therapeutic manipulation of immune system in cancer has been an extensive area of research in the field of oncoimmunology. Immunotherapy helps the immune system to combat against cancer. Tumour cells take an edge of immunosuppressive mechanisms and inhibit antitumour immune responses. Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) is an immunosuppressive enzyme which is involved in tumour immune escape mechanism in various cancers. IDO can degrade the tryptophan into kynurenines and has an ability to enhance the immune tolerance through mammalian target of rapamycin pathway general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) pathway and induction of regulatory T (T-regs) cells. IDO-induced T-regs suppress the local immune responses in the tumour microenvironment and promote metastasis. IDO overexpression in various cancers is associated with poor prognosis. Several preclinical and clinical trials have been proceeding and recommend that IDO inhibitor may be an influential tool against a wide range of cancers. IDO inhibitors as adjuvant therapeutic agents may also have clinical implications. Thus, IDO has the potential to be used as an immunotherapeutic target. This review discusses the promising role of IDO in cancer and its implication in immunotherapy.Key words: Breast cancer, colorectal cancer, haematological malignancies, immunotherapy, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer
HYBRID SCINTIGRAPHY OF RARE SPLENIC HAMARTOMA
Authors: Razi Mairah , Bashir Humayun , Faruqui Zia Salman
Published: December 2019

Splenic hamartoma, also known as splenoma, splenic adenoma or nodular hyperplasia, is a rare benign splenic tumor. It is composed of disordered vascular channels with abnormal mixture of red or white splenic pulp. Mostly it is asymptomatic and encountered incidentally at imaging, surgery or autopsy. Radiologically hamartomas are almost identical to hemangioma. In such circumstances radiolabelled blood pool imaging and radiocolloid scintigraphy helps to differentiate the two entities. We present a case of asymptomatic splenic lesion on hybrid radionuclide imaging with SPECT-CT, findings suggestive of hamartoma. Key Words: Splenic hamartoma, SPECT-CT, Radiocolloid scintigraphy
KOMPARASI KELENGKAPAN IMUNISASI DASAR PADA BAYI DENGAN IBU YANG BEKERJA DAN TIDAK BEKERJA
Authors: Purnama Sari Etika
Published: December 2019

ABSTRAKKelengkapan pemberian imunisasi dasar perlu mendapatkan perhatian khusus dari orang tua terutama para ibu yang bekerja ataupun yang tidak bekerja. Peran ibu sangat mempengaruhi tercapainya kelengkapan imunisasi dasar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan perbedaan kelengkapan imunisasi dasar pada bayi antara ibu yang bekerja dan tidak bekerja. Desain penelitian adalah komparasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Variabel yang diteliti adalah kelengkapan imunisasi dasar. Sampel yang digunakan adalah ibu yang memiliki bayi usia 9-12 bulan sebanyak 30 orang. Pengambilan data digunakan dengan observasi status imunisasi pada KMS. Berdasarkan hasil uji Mann Whitney U Test didapatkan nilai p=0.133 (α<0.05) yang berarti tidak ada perbedaan kelengkapan imunisasi dasar pada bayi dengan ibu yang tidak bekerja dan tidak bekerja. Tidak adanya perbedaan dikarenakan pada kelompok ibu yang bekerja dan yang tidak bekerja sebagian berpendidikan tinggi. Bagi para ibu harus tetap memiliki tanggung jawab untuk kelengkapan imunisasi bayinya.Kata kunci: imunisasi, ibu, bekerjaABSTRACTCompleteness of basic immunization needs special attention from parents, especially working mothers or were not working. The role of the mother greatly affect the achievement of complete basic immunization. The aim of this study is to explain the differences completeness of basic immunization in infants between mothers working and not working. The study design was comparative with cross-sectional approach. The variables were the completeness of basic immunization. The samples used were mothers with babies aged 9-12 months as many as 30 people. Data was collected by the observation immunization status at KMS. Based on the test results of the Mann Whitney U Test p=0.133 (α<0.05) which means there is no difference in the completeness of basic immunization in infants with mothers who are not working and not working. No difference because the group of the mothers who work and who do not work most highly educated. For the mother must continue to have responsibility for the completeness of infant immunization.Keywords: immunization, mother, work

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Vinorelbine in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Real-World Data From a Single-Institution Experience
Authors: Nobili Stefania , Lavacchi Daniele , Perrone Gabriele , Vicini Giulio , Tassi Renato , Landini Ida , Grosso AnnaMaria , Roviello Giandomenico , Mazzanti Roberto , Santomaggio Carmine , Mini Enrico
Published: December 2019

The use of vinorelbine as a single agent or in combination regimens in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is associated with satisfactory clinical activity. However, the role of vinorelbine-based chemotherapy in chemonaive locally advanced unresectable or metastatic NSCLC patients,
according to real-world treatment patterns, has still not been widely explored. Eighty-one patients treated at a single institution were retrospectively analyzed. Thirty-seven received standard first-line single-agent vinorelbine, and 44 received vinorelbine plus platinum drugs, based on physician’s
choice; 61.7% were older than 70 years, and 60.5% were affected by ≥2 comorbidities. Sixty-three patients were evaluable for objective response: 22% achieved partial response and 41% stable disease. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.4 months. A benefit in PFS was observed in
patients treated with combinations vs. single-agent vinorelbine (6.7 vs. 3.5 months, p = 0.043). Median overall survival (OS) was 10.4 months without a statistically significant difference between treatments (12.4 vs. 7.5 months). In 55 stage IV patients, OS was positively
correlated with combination regimens, M1a stage, or ≤2 metastatic lesions. Grade 3‐4 toxicity occurred in 33% of patients, and dose reduction in 11%. A statistically significant higher incidence of toxicity was observed in patients receiving combinations, in women, in patients younger
than 75 years, or patients with metastases. In this real-word analysis, we confirmed the efficacy and tolerability of vinorelbine as a single agent or combined with platinums in patients usually underrepresented in controlled clinical trials. Single-agent vinorelbine may represent a suitable
option in elderly or unfit NSCLC patients and warrants investigation as a potential drug candidate for immunochemotherapy combination regimens.
Untangling the Origin of Molecular Hydrogen in the Lunar Exosphere
Authors: Crandall Parker B. , Gillis-Davis Jeffrey J. , Kaiser Ralf I.
Published: December 2019

In situ experiments from the Apollo missions confirmed the presence of a tenuous exosphere on the Moon comprised of atoms and light molecular species. Of the most prominent volatiles found in the exosphere, molecular hydrogen (H2) has drawn considerable attention because the confirmed detection of surface water has led many scientists to believe that proton bombardment of silicate minerals from the solar wind is the mechanism by which this water forms. As molecular hydrogen formation is a competing mechanism to bound OH/H2O in the regolith, experimental studies are needed to determine the efficiency of molecular hydrogen formation from the solar wind. Here we show that, under simulated lunar conditions, the formation, storage, and release of molecular deuterium—as a proxy of molecular hydrogen—from deuteron implanted olivine is facile. Secondary ion mass spectrometry results reveal that diffusion processes also enrich grains with deuterium at depths beyond the maximum penetration depth of the incident ions close to 100 nm. In addition, the maximum yield of molecular deuterium escaping the amorphous rims under simulated lunar conditions strongly supports previous studies, which claim that the solar wind represents the dominant source of exospheric molecular hydrogen.
Five new species of Mydaea from China (Diptera, Muscidae)
Authors: Du Jing , Hao Bo , Xue Wanqi , Zhang Chuntian
Published: December 2019

Five new species of Mydaea are described from China, namely M. adhesipeda Xue, sp. nov., M. combiniseriata Xue, sp. nov., M. qingyuanensis Xue, sp. nov., M. quinquiseta Xue, sp. nov., M. wusuensis Xue, sp. nov., and an addendum to the key of the Mydaea in China is given.
Explorer et gérer les espaces de discussion sur le travail
Authors: Collard Damien
Published: December 2019

Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons aux espaces de discussion consacrés au travail, à leurs caractéristiques, mais aussi à ce qui se joue et à ce qui se dit dans ces lieux. Une recherche-action menée dans un service de gériatrie nous a conduits à explorer les dynamiques communicationnelles qui s’instaurent dans ces espaces et à réfléchir à leur ingénierie, ce qui induit plusieurs questions. Tout d’abord, comment les définir et les repérer quand on sait qu’ils sont potentiellement très nombreux ? Ensuite, faut-il les structurer, les équiper et les connecter entre eux ? Enfin, faut-il proposer la mise en place de nouveaux espaces de discussion, et dans quel but ?
Des collectifs peuvent-ils émerger chez des travailleurs indépendants ?
Authors: Ottmann Jean-Yves , Felio Cindy , Boudes Mélissa , Mokaddem Sarah
Published: December 2019

Etant privés de collectifs de travail, les travailleurs indépendants sont dans une situation traditionnellement associée à des enjeux de solitude. Or, les collectifs de travail constituent dans le cadre du salariat classique une ressource pour les travailleurs. Par la comparaison de trois enquêtes, cet article montre comment des travailleurs indépendants se saisissent de services et structures disponibles (coopérative d’activité et d’emploi, entreprise de portage salarial, espaces de coworking) pour faire émerger des formes de collectifs qui leur apportent des ressources proches de celles dont disposent les travailleurs salariés « classiques ». Ces collectifs émergents se distinguent toutefois par leur relative fragilité.
Bombardement de civils et science : la recherche opérationnelle au Bomber Command pendant la deuxième guerre mondiale
Authors: Bissonnette Victor
Published: December 2019

La recherche opérationnelle s’est développée en Grande-Bretagne à l’aube de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale. D’une façon toute novatrice, des chercheurs civils sont alors invités à l’ intérieur même de l’appareil militaire afin de mettre à profit leur approche scientifique pour optimiser les méthodes de combat. Au Bomber Command de la Royal Air Force , ils ont contribué au bombardement des grandes villes allemandes, ce qui ne pouvait qu’entraîner un grand nombre de victimes civiles. Cet article démontre, en se basant sur le corpus, très peu utilisé, des rapports émis par ces chercheurs pendant le conflit, que la science soutint ainsi délibérément une telle offensive contre des civils.
La lettre d’amour chez Freud : Une voie d’élaboration pulsionnelle
Authors: Kamieniak Jean-Pierre
Published: December 2019

La lettre d’amour peut-elle constituer une voie d’élaboration pulsionnelle ? Une approche de la nature et des conditions propres à l’abondante correspondance du jeune Freud avec sa fiancée met en évidence que ces échanges épistolaires nourris ont constitué pour le futur savant une voie propice à la satisfaction libidinale, en même temps qu’ils lui permettaient d’opérer ce travail psychique de métabolisation des motions pulsionnelles générées par l’état amoureux.
De la lettre au texto, du texte à la Lettre
Authors: Minari Marion
Published: December 2019

De la lettre écrite sur papier au texto tapé sur écran, le support de l’écrit et des échanges s’est transformé. Ce nouveau support a engendré différents phénomènes : l’invention d’une néographie, une écriture inscrivant l’oral ; une temporalité asynchrone, donnant l’illusion de l’instantanéité ; et peut-être un rapport à l’autre différent. En effet, le texto modifie la façon d’écrire à l’autre, le texte est plus court, moins déployé, numérique, il est truffé de smileys et d’images. Ce nouveau support transforme-t-il pour autant ces liens ? A-t-on glissé du développement d’une pensée dans la lettre écrite au témoignage d’une présence dans le texto qui déclenche la vibration du téléphone dans la poche, quand l’écran s’illumine ?
Sexpistolarité freudienne
Authors: Leleux Fabienne-Charlotte
Published: December 2019

À la question « En quoi et comment la lettre « fait-elle » l’amour ? », les lettres de Freud à Fliess apportent un éclairage qui fait défaut aux travaux littéraires, concentrés sur l’énoncé des correspondances. L’érotisation de l’énonciation, et la sublimation qui va de pair, tient à la dimension de parole propre aux lettres et à la spécificité du dispositif épistolaire dont la latéralité renvoie à celle du Nebenmensch dont traite le « Projet d’une psychologie », rédigé pour Fliess selon les termes de Freud. L’adresse de la lettre d’amour revêt un caractère d’autant plus spectral lorsque l’autre ne répond plus. De lettre en lettre de Freud, sont reparcourues les différentes étapes du besoin, de la demande et du désir qui ont marqué l’accession de tout sujet au symbolique jusqu’au désengagement de la figure de l’autre idéalisé par lequel il fallut passer pour accéder à une parole singulière, ici L’interprétation du rêve . Et la correspondance amoureuse de connaître un nouveau tournant jusqu’à son tarissement. De ces éléments retirés de la lecture des lettres à Fliess, l’auteure soutient qu’il s’agit bien de lettres d’amour et non pas d’une amitié passionnée.
L’intégration en matière d’espace public
Authors: Galléty Jean-Claude
Published: December 2019

La démarche intégrative prônée par l’auteur consiste en la mise en œuvre d’un minimum d’objets au sein de l’espace public, avec une plurifonctionnalité marquée. La tendance actuelle est trop souvent à l’accumulation d’objets plus ou moins esthétiques destinés pour partie à compenser des erreurs de conception, alors que l’espace public doit rester le plus libre possible et son usage le plus évident, sans contrainte. Le but d’une telle démarche est d’intégrer plusieurs logiques dans un seul objet ou dans un même aménagement, tout en privilégiant l’esthétique, la simplicité et l’ergonomie. La démonstration s’appuie sur des exemples tant français qu’étrangers.
Mobilité et biodiversité, un espace commun : le trottoir
Authors: Laurant Sophie , Muratet Audrey , Riou Dominique
Published: December 2019

Et si deux sujets en apparence aussi éloignés que la mobilité et la biodiversité avaient, en ce qui concerne les trottoirs de nos villes, un avenir commun et une grande convergence d’intérêt ? Explications…
Demain, des rues pour tous ?
Authors: Cardon Vincent
Published: December 2019

Après des décennies d’envahissement de la ville par l’automobile, de plus en plus de voix se font entendre pour rappeler que la rue est à tous et qu’un espace partagé mais donnant la priorité aux modes actifs constitue le concept d’aménagement le plus riche : sûr, durable, sain et agréable. Comment en est-on arrivé là ?
Modelling of Music Learning Process Based on Knowledge Sharing
Authors: Li Yifeng
Published: December 2019

In the Internet era, knowledge sharing makes learning more efficient and effective. Drawing on knowledge sharing theories, this paper firstly analyses the influencing factors of knowledge sharing in individual or enterprise. The analysis shows that, knowledge sharing is highly self-incentive, for shared knowledge is more active and more likely to be shared again; knowledge sharing on the Internet is affected by Internet technology, the location of the sharer, and the inner and outer incentive mechanisms. On this basis, the mu-sic learning process was modelled based on knowledge sharing, learning and innovation, and used to analyse the music learning process considering the correlation between knowledge sharing and knowledge innovation. The re-search findings lay a solid theoretical basis for music professionals and enthusiasts to improve their learning and skills.
Comparison of Sectioned and Whole Otoliths for Estimating Bluegill Age
Authors: Koch Jeff , Neely Ben , Chance-Ossowski Connor
Published: December 2019

Three readers independently assigned ages to 257 paired sectioned and whole Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus otoliths to examine between-reader precision of age estimates and to compare estimates obtained using the two otolith preparation methods. Percent exact between-reader agreement varied from 93.4% to 96.9% for sectioned otoliths and 92.2% to 94.2% for whole otoliths. Mean coefficient of variation values for between-reader comparisons were < 5.0% for all reader combinations and both otolith preparation methods. Exact agreement between paired whole and sectioned otoliths varied by reader from 82.8% to 85.2%; whereas coefficient of variation values ranged from 7.8% to 8.9%. The only significant departure from a 1:1 relationship for mean age estimates between the two preparation methods occurred for young fish in the estimates of one reader. This bias was not pervasive, as no significant bias was indicated in older fish. Our results suggest that age estimates obtained from sectioned and whole Bluegill otoliths are precise and the time and associated expense of mounting and sectioning Bluegill otoliths may not be necessary as whole otolith ages were generally concordant with sectioned ages to age 8 y.
Potential Effects of Age, Population, and Latitude on Precision of Scale and Otolith Age Estimates of White Crappie in Minnesota
Authors: McInerny Michael C. , Hoxmeier R. John H. , Koenen Bradley D.
Published: December 2019

We calculated between-reader precision of ages estimated with scales and whole otoliths (sagittae) of White Crappie Pomoxis annularis for 10 Minnesota populations, and determined effects of population and mean age on precision. For all samples combined, two experienced readers counted the same number of annuli on 91% of the scales and 92% of the whole otoliths. Mean coefficients of variation equaled 1.8% between scale readers and 3.0% between whole otolith readers. We detected no systematic age-bias between readers of each structure. Agreement between scale readers differed among populations, ranging from 67 to 100% among populations (median = 89%), but agreement also decreased with increasing scale age in six of these populations. Agreement between readers of whole otoliths was unaffected by increasing age of White Crappie, but agreement ranged from 39 to 100% among populations. When compared with other studies, latitude had no influence on precision of whole otolith ages because precision in the Minnesota populations differed little from precision reported for populations in Kentucky and Mississippi. Latitude could be affecting precision in scale age estimates because precision was usually better for the Minnesota populations than for populations in Oklahoma, Kentucky, and Mississippi; however, differences in viewing methods and reader competencies could also explain geographical differences.
Diet of Lesser Scaup Wintering on Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana
Authors: Stroud Clay M. , Caputo Claire E. , Poirrier Michael A. , Ringelman Kevin M.
Published: December 2019

The lesser scaup Aythya affinis has been a species of conservation concern since continental breeding populations began declining in the 1980s. The causes of this decline are likely multifaceted, but cross-seasonal effects are believed to play a prominent role: females unable to acquire sufficient nutrient reserves during winter and spring migration have poor survival and breeding success. Understanding scaup diet composition and prey selection can help managers not only diagnose mechanisms underlying wintering scaup distributions, but may also help direct management actions to increase forage availability and quality. We evaluated the diet of 60 scaup collected from a major wintering site in Louisiana, Lake Pontchartrain. Scaup consumed almost entirely mollusks, especially targeting medium-sized (6–16 mm) common rangia clams Rangia cuneata, which were strongly selected relative to their availability. Eighty-two percent of scaup consumed dark false mussels Mytilopsis leucophaeata and 57% consumed dwarf surf clams Mulinia lateralis; both foods were selected by scaup, but were uncommon in benthic samples. On the other hand, small snails Texadina sphinctostoma, Probythinella protera were common in dredge samples but were either avoided or consumed in proportion to their availability. We conclude that medium-sized common rangia clams and dark false mussels are the most consumed foods for scaup wintering on Lake Pontchartrain, and hypothesize that annual variation in prey populations may be an important proximate driver of scaup abundance.
Low-Lipid Diets Fed at Reduced Ration: Effects on Growth, Body Composition, and Survival of Juvenile Chinook Salmon
Authors: Cogliati Karen M. , Unrein Julia R. , Sealey Wendy M. , Barrows Frederic T. , Hakanson Olivia , Chitwood Rob , Noakes David L.G. , Schreck Carl B.
Published: December 2019

There is a growing demand within research and conservation hatcheries to rear fish that more closely approximate the smaller size and leaner body composition of their wild counterparts. Low-lipid diets may help achieve this goal as they can provide all the nutritional needs of young fish and can lead to slower growth and leaner bodies. We compared growth of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha fed three experimental low-lipid diets (11–12, 8–9, 4–6% lipid) at the onset of feeding with a commercially available high-lipid diet (18–20%) and an experimentally formulated high-lipid control (13.9% lipid). After 5 mo on their respective treatments, the size, growth rate, and daily growth index of fish on the commercial diet were significantly higher than those on the three low-lipid diets. We also compared whole-body lipid content across our five diet treatments. Whole-body lipid content was significantly different across the five diets, with fish fed the commercial diet having, on average, an almost twofold higher lipid content over fish fed the lowest lipid diet formulation. We present comparable data from a limited sample of wild juvenile conspecifics as observations. We suggest that low-lipid starter diets can be used to produce healthy fish that more likely emulate some of the variations in size and body composition of wild fish.
Psychiatrie hospitalière, justice de paix et placements forcés : mutations socio-historiques dans le canton de Vaud (1970 à nos jours)
Authors: Ferreira Cristina , Moreau Delphine , Maugué Ludovic
Published: December 2019

Cet article se propose d’aborder sous un angle sociohistorique les rapports entre psychiatrie et justice à travers un chapitre controversé introduit dans le Code civil suisse en 1978 : la « privation de liberté à des fins d’assistance ». Depuis lors, dans le canton de Vaud, la psychiatrie hospitalière doit composer – non sans résistances – avec la justice de paix, autorité tutélaire compétente pour ordonner cette mesure. Variant les échelles d’observation, il s’agira de reconstituer les mutations de leurs interactions locales.