bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Acute Trazodone Administration on Sleep in Mice
Authors: Arai Mayuko , Kent Brianne A
Published: January 2025

Study Objectives

Trazodone is an antidepressant with robust hypnotic effects, frequently prescribed off-label to treat insomnia. Trazodone has gained recent attention in the context of neurodegenerative diseases because sleep has been proposed as a novel target for disease-modifying therapeutics. Preclinical research in rodents examining the effects of trazodone on sleep is limited, so here we aimed to develop a translationally-focused protocol to study the sleep-promoting effects of trazodone in mice.

Methods

We investigated the effects of voluntary oral trazodone administration at doses of 0 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, and 60 mg/kg on sleep in C57BL/6J mice (n = 15; females = 6; age 10-13 months). Mice were dosed with trazodone for 6 consecutive nights, while being recorded with intracranially implanted 2-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyography (EMG). EEG/EMG recordings were analyzed for time spent in each vigilance state and power spectra.

Results

A single dose of trazodone, administered prior to the onset of the 12-h rest phase, dose-dependently increased non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and delta power during NREM sleep, at the expense of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. These effects on sleep persisted after six consecutive days of dosing, albeit to a lesser extent.

Conclusion

We have validated a novel voluntary oral administration protocol for trazodone use in mice and have shown that trazodone effectively promotes NREM in mice. Our novel protocol will be useful for future research investigating the effects of trazodone on sleep in mouse models of disease.

Statement of significance

Trazodone is an antidepressant known to increase slow wave sleep in humans. Slow wave sleep promotion is being explored as a disease-modifying therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease. We have developed a novel translationally-focused protocol for administering trazodone to mice, which overcomes some of the challenges of using trazodone for preclinical sleep research. Using our protocol we have demonstrated for the first time that trazodone dose-dependently increases the amount of NREM sleep and delta power in mice, recapitulating the enhancement of slow wave sleep in humans treated with trazodone.
Changes in cortical beta power predict motor control flexibility, not vigor
Authors: Pierrieau Emeline , Dussard Claire , Plantey-Veux Axel , Guerrini Cloé , Lau Brian , Pillette Léa , George Nathalie , Jeunet-Kelway Camille
Published: January 2025

The amplitude of beta-band activity (β power; 13-30 Hz) over motor cortical regions is used to assess and decode movement in clinical settings and brain-computer interfaces, as β power is often assumed to predict the strength of the brain’s motor output, or “vigor”. However, recent conflicting evidence challenges this assumption and underscores the need to clarify the relationship between β power and movement. In this study, sixty participants were trained to self-regulate β power using electroencephalography-based neurofeedback before performing different motor tasks. Results showed that β power modulations can impact different motor variables, or the same variables in opposite directions, depending on task constraints. Importantly, downregulation of β power was associated with better task performance regardless of whether performance implied increasing or decreasing motor vigor. These findings demonstrate that β power should be interpreted as a measure of motor flexibility, which underlies adaptation to environmental constraints, rather than vigor.
Resolving inconsistent effects of tDCS on learning using a homeostatic structural plasticity model
Authors: Lu Han , Frase Lukas , Normann Claus , Rotter Stefan
Published: January 2025

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is increasingly used to modulate motor learning. Current polarity and intensity, electrode montage, and application before or during learning had mixed effects. Both Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity were proposed to account for the observed effects, but the explanatory power of these models is limited. In a previous modeling study, we showed that homeostatic structural plasticity (HSP) can explain long-lasting after-effects of tDCS and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The interference between motor learning and tDCS, which are both based on HSP in our model, is a candidate mechanism to resolve complex and seemingly contradictory experimental observations. We implemented motor learning and tDCS in a spiking neural network subject to HSP. The anatomical connectivity of the engram induced by motor learning was used to quantify the impact of tDCS on motor learning. Our modeling results demonstrated that transcranial direct current stimulation applied before learning had weak modulatory effects. It led to a small reduction in connectivity if it was applied uniformly. When applied during learning, targeted anodal stimulation significantly strengthened the engram, while targeted cathodal or uniform stimulation weakened it. Applied after learning, targeted cathodal, but not anodal, tDCS boosted engram connectivity. Strong tDCS would distort the engram structure if not applied in a targeted manner. Our model explained both Hebbian and homeostatic phenomena observed in human tDCS experiments by assuming memory strength positively correlates with engram connectivity. This includes applications with different polarity, intensity, electrode montage, and timing relative to motor learning. The HSP model provides a promising framework for unraveling the dynamic interaction between learning and transcranial DC stimulation.
Chronic chemogenetic slow-wave-sleep enhancement in mice
Authors: Gompf Heinrich S. , Ferrari Loris L. , Anaclet Christelle
Published: January 2025

While epidemiological associations and brief studies of sleep effects in human disease have been conducted, rigorous long-term studies of sleep manipulations and in animal models are needed to establish causation and to understand mechanisms. We have previously developed a mouse model of acute slow-wave-sleep (SWS) enhancement using chemogenetic activation of parafacial zone GABAergic neurons (PZGABA) in the parvicellular reticular formation of the pontine brainstem. However, it was unknown if SWS could be enhanced chronically in this model.

In the present study, mice expressing the chemogenetic receptor hM3Dq in PZGABAwere administered daily with one of three chemogenetic ligands, clozapine N-oxide (CNO), deschloroclozapine (DCZ) and compound 21 (C21), and sleep-wake phenotypes were analyzed using electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG).

We found that SWS time is increased for three hours, and at the same magnitude for at least six months. This phenotype is associated with an increase of slow wave activity (SWA) of similar magnitude throughout the 6-month dosing period. Interestingly, at the end of the 6-month dosing period, SWA remains increased for at least a week.

This study validates a mouse model of chronic SWS enhancement that will allow mechanistic investigations into how SWS promotes physiological function and prevents diseases. The approach of a rotating schedule of three chemogenetic ligands may be broadly applicable in chemogenetic studies that require chronic administration.
Effect of frequency-dependent shear and volume viscosities on molecular friction in liquids
Authors: Kiefer Henrik , Vitali Domenico , Dalton Benjamin A. , Scalfi Laura , Netz Roland R.
Published: January 2025

The relation between the frequency-dependent friction of a molecule in a liquid and the hydrodynamic properties of the liquid is fundamental for molecular dynamics. We investigate this connection for a water molecule moving in liquid water using all-atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and linear hydrodynamic theory. We analytically calculate the frequency-dependent friction of a sphere with finite surface slip moving in a viscoelastic compressible fluid by solving the linear transient Stokes equation, including frequency-dependent shear and volume viscosities, both determined from MD simulations of bulk liquid water. From MD simulation trajectories, we also determine the frequency-dependent friction of a single water molecule moving in liquid water, as defined by the generalized Langevin equation. The frequency dependence of the shear viscosity of liquid water requires careful consideration of hydrodynamic finite-size effects to observe the asymptotic hydrodynamic power-law tail. By fitting the effective sphere radius and the slip length, the frequency-dependent friction and velocity autocorrelation function from the transient Stokes equation and simulations quantitatively agree. This shows that the transient Stokes equation accurately describes the important features of the frequency-dependent friction of a single water molecule in liquid water and thus applies down to molecular length and time scales, provided accurate frequency-dependent viscosities are used. In contrast, for a methane molecule moving in water, the frequency-dependent friction cannot be predicted based on a homogeneous model, which, supported by the extraction of the frequency-dependent surface slip, suggests that a methane molecule is surrounded by a finite-thickness hydration layer with viscoelastic properties that differ significantly from those of bulk water.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Primary quantum thermometry of mm-wave blackbody radiation via induced state transfer in Rydberg states of cold atoms
Authors: Schlossberger Noah , Rotunno Andrew P. , Eckel Stephen P. , Norrgard Eric B. , Manchaiah Dixith , Prajapati Nikunjkumar , Artusio-Glimpse Alexandra B. , Berweger Samuel , Simons Matthew T. , Shylla Dangka , Watterson William J. , Patrick Charles , Meraki Adil , Talashila Rajavardhan , Younes Amanda , La Mantia David S. , Holloway Christopher L.
Published: January 2025

Rydberg states of alkali-metal atoms are highly sensitive to electromagnetic radiation in the GHz-to-THz regime because their transitions have large electric dipole moments. Consequently, environmental blackbody radiation (BBR) can couple Rydberg states together at µs timescales. Here, we track the BBR-induced transfer of a prepared Rydberg state to its neighbors and use the evolution of these state populations to characterize the BBR field at the relevant wavelengths, primarily at 130 GHz. We use selective field ionization readout of Rydberg states with principal quantum number n∼30 in Rb85 and substantiate our ionization signal with a theoretical model. With this detection method, we measure the associated blackbody-radiation-induced time dynamics of these states, reproduce the results with a simple semiclassical population transfer model, and demonstrate that this measurement is temperature sensitive with a statistical sensitivity to the fractional temperature uncertainty of 0.09 Hz−1/2, corresponding to 26 K Hz−1/2 at room temperature. This represents a calibration-free SI-traceable temperature measurement, for which we calculate a systematic fractional temperature uncertainty of 0.006, corresponding to 2 K at room temperature when used as a primary temperature standard.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Risk communication in risk-based planning: a practice in coastal area of Subang regency, Indonesia
Authors: Soejarwo Permana Ari , Fahmi Fikri Zul , Suroso Djoko Santoso Abi
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the extent to which risk communication has been implemented into spatial planning practice in Indonesia by using the coastal area of Subang Regency as a case study. Risk communication in risk-based planning (RBP) is the process of exchanging information about risk and hazards between all actors which emphasizes determining the level of risk acceptance of communities to support appropriate decision making in spatial planning. It has been proven effective in developed countries, but it remains unclear in Indonesia.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses qualitative methods by analyzing documents and interviews with local stakeholders to explain how risk communication is implemented in RBP at the regency level.

Findings

This study reveals that risk communication is not explicitly incorporated into RBP regulations and impacts its practices. The absence of a clear definition and guidelines in regulations is leading to limited understanding at all government levels. The emphasis on community risk acceptance levels as the core of risk communication in RBP has not been conducted, where the existing focus is still majorly on disaster events. This has led to improper spatial planning decisions.

Practical implications

Incorporating risk communication in RBP is important in spatial planning practice in Indonesia. Without effective community engagement, clear definition and guidelines on community’s acceptable risk levels, spatial planning efforts may not align with local needs, leading to social conflicts and hindering appropriate spatial planning. For instance, land use policy for community that is willing to tolerate the risk should be permitted with specified consideration instead of offering relocation options that potentially lead to social unrest by conflicting with their social, economic and cultural. Integrating risk communication into RBP can result in a more adaptive and appropriate spatial planning decisions.

Originality/value

This study offers a novel exploration of risk communication which is important to be integrated into the RBP in a locality in Indonesia, focusing on both regulatory factors and practices to support appropriate decision making in spatial planning. This paper is important because study on risk communication in RBP in Indonesia is still scarce.
Towards inclusive gender diversity training – a critical framework
Authors: Mahajan Rasika , Bleijenbergh Inge , Benschop Yvonne
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to design and apply a critical framework for assessing the inclusivity of gender diversity training. The framework combines insights from intersectional feminist and postcolonial feminist theory. It is applied to assess whether and how influential gender diversity training manuals question the (re)production of systems of inequality and promote the recognition of varied lived experiences of women particularly in global workplaces.

Design/methodology/approach

This qualitative research was done in two stages. First, we designed a critical framework consisting of five elements taking inspiration from intersectional and postcolonial feminist theories. Second, we analysed four gender diversity training manuals from prominent international organizations to assess their inclusivity.

Findings

We found that gender diversity training manuals construct a binary understanding of gender, implying that being a woman is a universal experience. Second, the documents take a systemic approach to intersectionality, acknowledging societal systems, but the focus is on oppression as opposed to privilege, obscuring possible complexities of intersecting social categories. Third, the narratives of gender diversity trainings reflect western hegemony in referring to “global norms” and women from the global south.

Originality/value

The paper brings together complex theoretical strands of intersectional and postcolonial feminist theory in the form of a critical framework that can not only be used to assess gender diversity training but also be applied to other gender diversity interventions. Practical suggestions for trainers to develop more inclusive gender diversity trainings are discussed.
DSEN-EK: Dual-layer Semantic Information Extraction Network with External Knowledge for Fake News Detection
Authors: Qiu Yanfang , Ma Kun , Zhang Weijuan , Pan Run , Chen Zhenxiang
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Fake news refers to intentionally fabricated or misleading information designed to deceive the public and manipulate opinions for personal, political or financial gain. Most existing detection methods primarily focus on capturing language features from news content. However, these methods neglect the varying importance of different news entities. Additionally, these methods tend to overlook the auxiliary role of external knowledge, resulting in an incomplete understanding of the entity. To address these issues, this paper aims to propose a Dual-layer Semantic Information Extraction Network with External Knowledge (DSEN-EK) for fake news detection.

Design/methodology/approach

This approach is proposed to comprise three parts: Dual-layer Semantic Information Extraction Network, Entity Integration Network with External Knowledge and Classifier. Specifically, Dual-layer Semantic Information Extraction Network is designed to enhance relationships between entities and the influence of important entity representations. The Entity Integration Network with External Knowledge is proposed to extract entity descriptions from external knowledge bases.

Findings

The DSEN-EK model performs well on the Liar, Constraint, Twitter15 and Twitter16 data sets, achieving accuracy of 98.02%, 94.61%, 90.09% and 93.65%, respectively. These results highlight its effectiveness in detecting fake news across different types of content.

Originality/value

The Dual-layer Semantic Information Extraction Network is proposed to capture the relationships between entities and enhance the continuous semantic information of the news. The Entity Integration Network with External Knowledge is designed to enrich entity descriptions, leading to a more comprehensive capture of semantic details.
Numerical study on contact characteristics and sealing performance of rubber-bellows mechanical seals in ESPs
Authors: Ma Yi , Chen Lei , Xu Yixiao , Meng Xiangkai , Peng Xudong
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate the effects of the downhole environment and auxiliary rubber bellows on the contact mechanical characteristics and sealing performance of rubber-bellows mechanical seals (RBMS) in electric submersible pumps (ESPs), considering the elastic support of the rubber bellows, multi-field coupling effect and actual operating conditions.

Design/methodology/approach

A thermal-fluid-solid multi-field coupling numerical model for RBMS in ESPs is developed using the finite element analysis and influence coefficient method. Based on the contact mechanical characteristics of RBMS, the interactions of multiple physical fields between the sealing rings and lubricating oil are accounted for to assess the liquid lubrication state and sealing performance of RBMS in ESPs.

Findings

The findings indicate the anti-leakage effects of rubber bellows, the transition of lubrication state of the sealing end face and the evolution law of sealing performance with environmental pressure, axial compression amount and contact widths of rubber bellows.

Originality/value

This study innovatively proposes a multi-field numerical research method to reveal the impact of the downhole environment and rubber bellows on RBMS in ESPs. These findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the sealing mechanism of RBMS and optimize the sealing design for ESPs in high-pressure environments.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-10-2024-0369/
Determinants of inflation expectations in Colombia: a VAR-X analysis
Authors: Osorio-Barreto Daniel , Mora Jose , Sierra-Suárez Lya Paola
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the determinants of inflation expectations in Colombia through a vector autoregression model with exogenous variables (VAR-X) and uses quarterly data for survey-based inflation expectations and different supply shocks.

Design/methodology/approach

We propose a VAR-X model. Despite data unavailability, we gathered quarterly data for the period 2005–2022 for the following variables: oil price, real exchange rate, headline inflation, output gap, policy interest rate and inflation expectations.

Findings

We identified significant responses to inflation expectations in the first quarter. Although we found a positive response of inflation expectations to the interest rate, the robustness tests show that the interest rate negatively affects inflation expectations in the long run. Additionally, we detected a pass-through effect regarding the positive response of inflation expectations to a real exchange rate shock and the inertia of inflation expectations to their own innovations.

Research limitations/implications

We must emphasize that reliable data from households would be preferred to follow the trend in international research and thus make feasible comparisons.

Practical implications

Inflation expectations play an important role in an inflation targeting scheme. Specifically, this scheme allows monitoring of how those approach the proposed target and how they change in the face of changes in total inflation, demand and supply shocks.

Originality/value

The inclusion of exogenous variables contributed to the stability of the model specification by capturing supply shocks not previously considered in the literature.
Exploring the market efficiency of Indian socially responsible investment (SRI) indices
Authors: Kalia Deepali , Aggarwal Divya
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Socially responsible and green investment options are gaining notable attention from multiple stakeholders, including individual investors and the government, across both developing and developed markets. The purpose of this study is to examine whether the three recently launched socially responsible indices of India, an emerging market, follow the martingale process. This study also explores the impact of market-wide uncertainty on the market efficiency of these indices.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a set of robust parametric and nonparametric tests, including the spectral analysis, the periodogram and the Fisher’s G test, the authors comment upon the market efficiency of Carbonex, Greenex and the environmental, social and governance indices, both in general and during periods of high uncertainty marked by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Findings

The results of this study confirm the presence of market inefficiency in socially responsible investments (SRI), both in general and during the COVID-19 crisis in the Indian context.

Practical implications

The results of this study have implications for investors as well as policymakers. Investors, speculators and arbitrageurs may devise profitable trading strategies by using these results. Asset managers and fund houses may use the benefits of reduced volatility of SRI to balance their portfolios and improve asset allocation; regulators and policymakers to strengthen the framework as market inefficiencies reduce investor confidence and hinder capital formation.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to explore the market efficiency of multiple SRIs, which were previously unexplored Indian markets, and also the first to comment upon the behavior of SRIs during market-wide uncertainty.
Sources of self-efficacy beliefs in learning accounting: does gender matter?
Authors: Beatson Nicola J. , Sithole Seedwell T.M. , de Lange Paul , O’Connell Brendan , Smith Jeffrey K.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the self-efficacy beliefs of first-year accounting students and investigate the sources of self-efficacy beliefs for both female and male students. The goal is to provide insights to help lecturers support the academic success of accounting students.

Design/methodology/approach

The study involves analysing data from 184 accounting students who reported on four sources of self-efficacy beliefs: enactive mastery experience, verbal persuasion, vicarious experience and physiological and affective states.

Findings

The study reveals that male students are primarily influenced by prior experience and physiological and affective states, while female students are mostly influenced by prior experience and verbal persuasion.

Practical implications

Educators can use these findings to design more effective interventions and support systems that enhance students’ self-efficacy and, consequently, their academic performance and overall learning outcomes.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the development of theory in the underexplored area of self-efficacy beliefs among accounting students. It provides insights on the differences in sources of self-efficacy beliefs between genders and provides valuable evidence for educators to support student success in learning accounting.
Durable multifunction finishing on polyester knitted fabric by applying zinc oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Farooq Salma , Akhtar Aamir , Faisal Saira , Husain Muhammad Dawood , Siddiqui Muhammad Owais Raza
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The durability of nanoparticles (NPs) is essential to retain their multifunctional properties on the surface of textile products. This study aims to propose a durable and compatible zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) formulation with good antibacterial, ultraviolet (UV) resistance and moisture management properties.

Design/methodology/approach

One-step synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) was done through wet chemical technique and characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques. Various formulations containing nanoparticles of ZnO along with optimized concentrations of binder, emulsifier nanoparticles and softener are developed and applied to polyester knitted fabric through the pad-dry-cure method. The treated polyester fabric is evaluated for its antibacterial and UV protection activity, moisture management properties, air permeability and durability.

Findings

Results show that the zinc oxide nanoparticles have a hexagonal wurtzite structure with a 60–70 nm particle size. FTIR and SEM analysis of nano-loaded polyester knitted fabric before washing and after 20 washes confirm the presence of zinc oxide nanoparticles which shows the durability of the optimized formulation. The treated samples have shown promising antibacterial and moisture management properties and are durable up to 20 washing cycles.

Originality/value

The incorporation of metal oxides into textile materials to enhance their antimicrobial properties has been the subject of considerable research, particularly about cotton and other natural fibers. These natural fibers possess polar sites that promote the effective attachment of metal oxide particles. In contrast, there has been limited investigation into the application of these metal oxides on polyester, a non-polar fiber. Although significant attention has been given to the size and shape of nanoparticles, there remains a notable lack of studies focusing on the impact of binder types and their concentrations on the durability of coated fabrics. This research aims to address the existing gap in knowledge by examining the effects of various binder types and concentrations, in conjunction with differing concentrations of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, on the functional properties and durability of nanoparticle-coated fabrics. The ultimate objective is to enhance the comfort and overall performance of these fabrics for the wearer.
Understanding Generation Z customers’ citizenship behaviour in relation to cannabis-infused food and beverage experiences
Authors: Meeprom Supawat , Sathatip Pongphan , Leruksa Chichaya
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to examine the impact of customer experience of cannabis-infused food and beverage perception (sensory experience, novelty experience, health concerns and restaurant experience) on favouring these products and subsequent customer citizenship behaviour.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a purposive sampling approach, an onsite survey was administered to Thai Gen Z customers in consuming cannabis-infused foods and/or beverages. Subsequently, the sample consisted of 330 respondents. Partial least squares structural equation modelling was used for the analyses.

Findings

The results indicated that sensory experience, health concerns and restaurant experience had significant positive effects on favouring cannabis-infused foods and beverages. This favourability, in turn, positively affected customer citizenship behaviour. In addition, favouring cannabis-infused foods and beverages partially mediated the relationships between customer citizenship behaviour and sensory experience, health concerns and restaurant experience.

Originality/value

This study provides a new contribution to the literature with a first empirical examination showing positive favouring of cannabis-infused foods and beverages among young consumers in Thailand. It provides practical insights for managers in emerging markets to leverage cannabis-infused products as part of the enhancement of the global food and beverage industry. The study also offers an example of how to move forward through an unknown territory regarding perceptions of consumer experiences.
‘Occupational experience’ in occupational therapy and occupational science literature: A scoping review
Authors: Budman Jennifer , Zaguri‐Vittenberg Shahar
Published: January 2025

Introduction

‘Occupational experience’ (OE) is widely used within the occupational therapy profession. However, it lacks a clear and unified definition in the profession's consensus practice frameworks and seminal models. Therefore, this study aimed to examine how OE has been defined and described in both occupational therapy and occupational science literature.

Methods

A scoping review was performed, with a search conducted in ProQuest, PsycINFO, EMBASE, PubMed, Academic Research Premier, Scopus and Web of Science. The search strategy included a combination of the terms ‘occupational experience’ and either ‘occupational therapy’ or ‘occupational science’. Inclusion criteria consisted of research articles in English that included OE as one of the central foci. Articles were chosen by the research team in collaboration with a medical librarian.

Consumer and Community Involvement

No consumer and community involvement was included in this study.

Results

Seventy‐three articles were included, mostly investigating OE in a targeted group or a specific aspect of experience, primarily among Western high‐income‐countries. Only 14 articles provided definitions of OE, with the most frequent being ‘subjective dimension of occupation/participation’. Six themes emerged: (1) OE as a subjective component of occupation, (2) OE consisting of interrelated experiential facets, (3) OE in relation to meaning, (4) OE in relation to self‐identity, (5) OE in relation to context and environment and (6) OE in relation to health outcomes.

Conclusions

The results point to largely incongruous definitions and descriptions of OE in the literature.

PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY

This study looked at how “occupational experience” (OE) is described in occupational therapy and occupational science. We reviewed 73 research articles. Most of these articles focused on OE in specific groups, like asylum seekers, or on types of experiences, like the feeling of “flow.” Most of the research was done in Western countries. The most common definition of OE was “a person's experience of doing an activity.” We also found six main ideas about OE. These show that OE is personal, can include several experiences at once, connects to a person's identity and environment, and affects health.
Sjögren's Syndrome Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Vitiligo
Authors: Li Jing‐Xing , Wu Po‐Chang , Huang Yu‐Han , Hsu Shu‐Bai , Wu Po‐Yuan
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Limited studies reported the correlation between Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and vitiligo. This study explores the association between SS and the risk of developing vitiligo and assesses comorbidity profiles and medication impacts.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective, population‐based analysis using data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, spanning 2008 to 2019. The primary outcome was the incidence of vitiligo, which was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models, with additional subgroup and sensitivity analyses conducted.

Results

The study incorporated 223 582 individuals with SS and 9 775 363 controls. A total of 208 942 pairs of the SS and controls were analyzed following propensity score matching. Non‐matched and matched cohort analyses have consistent results. In matched analysis, individuals with SS had a 1.90‐fold increased risk of developing vitiligo compared to those without SS after adjustment (95% confidence interval [Cl], 1.67–2.15; p < 0.001). Age‐related risk was evident, particularly in those aged 40–59 years and 60–79 years. Males had a lower risk of vitiligo than females. Comorbidities such as hyperlipidemia, chronic liver disease, hyperthyroidism, and spondylarthritis further increase the risk. During the first year following diagnosis, individuals with SS exhibited a significantly elevated risk of developing vitiligo compared to those without SS (aHR, 2.15; 95% Cl, 1.54–3.00; p < 0.001). Over a decade of follow‐up, the SS cohort showed a markedly higher cumulative risk of vitiligo than the non‐SS cohort (log‐rank p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that systemic corticosteroid administration significantly mitigated the risk of developing vitiligo in SS patients (aHR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.53–0.86; p < 0.001) compared to patients who did not receive systemic corticosteroids.

Conclusion

SS is significantly associated with an increased risk of developing vitiligo. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
Microbial seafood safety assessment following a marine mucilage disaster in the Sea of Marmara
Authors: Üçok Didem , Tosun Şehnaz Yasemin , Erkan Nuray , Can Tunçelli İdil , Doğruyol Hande , Ulusoy Şafak , Mol Sühendan , Özden Özkan , Dagsuyu Eda , Yanardag Refiye
Published: January 2025

Marine mucilage disasters, primarily caused by global warming and marine pollution, threaten food security and the sustainability of marine food resources. This study assessed the microbial risks to public health in common sole, deep‐water rose shrimp, European anchovy, Atlantic horse mackerel and Mediterranean mussel following the mucilage disaster in the Sea of Marmara in 2021. The total viable count, total Enterobacteriaceae count and the presence of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae, Aeromonas hydrophila, Clostridium perfringens and Bacillus cereus were studied during the 2021–2022 fishing season. In September, the first month of the catching season, pathogens in all seafood were markedly higher compared to the entire season: E. coli O157:H7: 86%, Salmonella spp.: 30%, L. monocytogenes: 21%, V. parahaemolyticus: 53% and A. hydrophila: 100%. The main factors for the high prevalence of pathogens in September are elevated seawater temperature and the fact that it is the first month following the mucilage disaster. Following natural disasters such as mucilage, evisceration of seafood, washing with clean water, depuration of shellfish and ensuring adequate cooking time and temperature are essential for food safety and public health.
A Commentary on Post‐Pandemic Challenges and Opportunities for the Accounting Profession: Insights from a Systematic Literature Review*
Authors: Bujaki Merridee , Butt Irfan , Lento Camillo , Meredith Patricia , Wick Sara
Published: January 2025

This empirically grounded commentary explores the impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the strategic direction of Canada's accounting profession and highlights opportunities and challenges that lie ahead in the post‐pandemic era. We undertake a systematic literature review using deductive and inductive approaches within both the academic accounting literature and a selection of publications targeting accounting practitioners. Our deductive framework uses Chartered Professional Accountants of Canada's (CPA Canada) Foresight initiative, while our inductive approach identifies themes that do not fit within the Foresight initiative. We conclude that the accounting profession will be challenged to balance the pursuit of new opportunities arising from disruptive technologies, real‐time data, and new organizational value drivers while simultaneously reflecting its roots in financial reporting, auditing, and taxation. Our findings also suggest that the profession should pay more attention to the human aspects of the profound changes that are underway. Specifically, the profession focuses heavily on how accountants' work will change due to disruptive forces but not enough on how these changes impact accountants from a broader human resource management perspective (e.g., mental health challenges, alternative work arrangements, retraining, and upskilling). Our work differs from prior reviews as we incorporate both academic accounting and accounting practitioner‐focused publications to propose a research agenda intended to encourage more practically relevant accounting research.
Mortality risk among individuals who smoke opioids compared with those who inject: A propensity score‐matched cohort analysis of United States national treatment data
Authors: Karandinos George , Unick Jay , Ciccarone Daniel
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims

Opioid smoking is becoming more common in the United States. The aim of this analysis was to estimate relative mortality risk among those who primarily smoke opioids compared with those who inject.

Design

Retrospective propensity score‐matched cohort analysis.

Setting

2006–2021 US treatment episode data from SAMHSA TEDS‐D.

Participants

We matched 287 481 individuals in a substance use treatment program reporting smoking opioids as their primary substance use to an equal weighted number of individuals in a substance use treatment program reporting injecting opioids as their primary substance use. The majority of individuals reporting smoking were male (62.6%), 21–29 years old (47.9%), white (65.7%), independently housed (54.3%) and in the West Census Region (70.3%). Cohort characteristics were closely balanced after matching.

Measurements

The outcome of interest was death during a treatment episode. Variables used for matching were year, opioid category, gender, race/ethnicity, age category, census region, housing status, employment status, number of prior treatment admissions, variables associated with opioid use severity (opioid use frequency, treatment setting intensity, age at first opioid use, use of medication‐assisted treatment) and other reported substance use (methamphetamine, alcohol, benzodiazepines, cocaine).

Findings

The mortality rate was 6.5 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.9–7.1] per 1000 person‐years in the smoking cohort and 9.7 (95% CI = 8.8–10.8) per 1000 person‐years in the injection cohort, with a mortality rate ratio of 0.67 (95% CI = 0.58–0.77).

Conclusions

Among individuals in substance use treatment in the United States, those who usually smoke opioids appear to have a lower all‐cause mortality risk than those who usually inject.
Obesity Is Associated With Worsened Outcomes in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis on Advanced Therapies: A Propensity Matched Cohort Study From the U.S.
Authors: Desai Aakash , Sehgal Priya , Khataniar Himsikhar , Lewis James D. , Farraye Francis A. , Lichtenstein Gary R. , Kochhar Gursimran S.
Published: January 2025

Background

Obesity has been linked to a more severe phenotype in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC).

Aim

To evaluate the impact of obesity on outcomes of advanced therapies in UC.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study utilising the TriNetX database comparing the composite score of corticosteroid use, change in advanced therapy or colectomy within two years between two cohorts of patients with UC—those with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and those without (BMI 18.5–24.9). The risk assessment was stratified to specific advanced therapies, including tumour necrosis factor α inhibitors (TNFi), vedolizumab, ustekinumab and Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi). We performed 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) for demographics, co‐morbid conditions, laboratory values and IBD medications including corticosteroids.

Results

There were 3904, 2025, 1150 and 477 patients on TNFi, vedolizumab, ustekinumab and JAKi, respectively, in the UC obesity cohort. After PSM, the UC obesity cohort was at an increased risk of the composite outcome of corticosteroid use, change in therapy and colectomy compared to the UC control cohort in patients on TNFi (aHR 1.37, 95% CI 1.29–1.49), vedolizumab (aHR 1.29, 95% CI 1.16–1.43), ustekinumab (aHR 1.1.26, 95% CI 1.10–1.44) and JAKi (aHR 1.38, 95% CI 1.13–1.69). Sub‐group analysis based on the specific TNFi also showed an increased risk of composite outcome for infliximab (aHR 1.36, 95% CI 1.22–1.52) and adalimumab (aHR 1.26, 95% CI 1.11–1.42) within 2 years.

Conclusions

Obesity is associated with lower efficacy of several advanced therapies in patients with UC.
Geochronological investigations at the maximum extent of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet during the Late Weichselian glaciation in northern Germany
Authors: Krauß Nikolas , Börner Andreas , Kenzler Michael
Published: January 2025

This paper investigates the time‐transgressive evolution of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet (FIS) during the Late Weichselian glaciation. Recent models of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) strongly challenge a synchronous development of the FIS in the SW Baltic Sea area. Especially in northern Germany, a time‐transgressive LGM is controversial. We present a new set of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages, from sediments deposited at locations previously ascribed to the LGM main stationary line, from which numerical age data have not been published so far. The aim of this study was to contribute to the research on the maximum Weichselian ice extent in northern Germany, and to close the gap between Denmark in the north and the area in Germany and Poland in the SE, for which numerical age data of the LGM extent of the FIS are available. Samples were taken from sandur deposits proximal to the former ice margin. In total nine OSL samples were taken and analysed on quasi‐single‐grain level, taking into account possible effects of insufficient bleaching of sample material. With an average age of ~23±1 ka, the samples indicate LGM sandur formation during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 2. Our dating provides new insights into Late Weichselian (MIS 2, 27–11.7 ka) ice‐sheet dynamics and strongly challenge a synchronous development of the FIS in the SW Baltic Sea area. The integration of our results into regional models argues for a small‐scale asynchronous extent of the last FIS in northern Germany.
Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, and Barriers of Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Among Healthcare Professionals in Timor‐Leste: A Cross‐Sectional Survey
Authors: da Costa Juanina , Nosoongnoen Wichit , Rungapiromnan Watcharee , Tragulpiankit Pramote
Published: January 2025

The Timor‐Leste Pharmacovigilance (PV) became an associate member of the WHO Programme for International Drug Monitoring in 2019; however, the adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting rate remains low, with only nine reports per 1342 million inhabitants over 5 years. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, practice, and barriers related to ADRs, pharmacovigilance, and ADR reporting among healthcare professionals (HCPs) in Timor‐Leste. A cross‐sectional survey with a validated, self‐administered questionnaire was conducted among 600 HCPs, including clinical doctors, nurses, and pharmacy employees from one national referral and five referral hospitals. Of the 461 HCPs who responded (76.8% response rate), 98 were clinical doctors (21.3%), 311 nurses (67.4%), and 52 pharmacy employees (11.3%). The knowledge score on ADRs was 3.81 ± 0.36 out of 8, with clinical doctors, nurses, and pharmacy employees scoring 4.49 ± 0.51, 3.47 ± 0.24, and 4.56 ± 0.26, respectively. On pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting, the score was 3.00 ± 0.16 out of 8, with clinical doctors, nurses, and pharmacy employees scoring 3.36 ± 0.26, 2.81 ± 0.08, and 3.50 ± 0.24, respectively. All scores referred to the number of correctly answered questions. Positive attitudes were observed, with 53.4% agreeing that ADR reporting is crucial for drug safety, although only 22.0% reported observed ADRs. Key barriers included unavailability of reporting forms (81.0%), insufficient financial support (71.9%), and lack of reporting by colleagues (71.4%). These findings highlight the need for increased awareness, training, and resources to improve ADR reporting in Timor‐Leste.
Spectrum of gastric neoplasms in Helicobacter pylori‐naïve patients
Authors: Shibagaki Kotaro , Kushima Ryoji , Sekine Shigeki , Mishiro Tsuyoshi , Kotani Satoshi , Miyaoka Yoichi , Ishimura Norihisa , Araki Asuka , Ohnuma Hideyuki , Niino Daisuke , Ishihara Shunji
Published: January 2025

Chronic Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection is the largest etiological factor for gastric cancer, but in recent years the reports of Hp‐naïve gastric neoplasms (HpNGNs) have increased as the Hp‐infected population in Japan has been declining. The histopathologic spectrum of HpNGNs differs significantly from that of conventional Hp‐infected gastric neoplasms. Molecularly, the former harbor considerably fewer genetic and epigenetic abnormalities, reflecting the absence of chronic inflammatory conditions in the gastric mucosa. The majority of HpNGNs fall within several specific histological entities; each arise from particular background mucosa. Most originate from the fundic gland mucosa and have a gastric immunophenotype, as seen in foveolar‐type gastric adenoma (FGA), oxyntic gland adenoma (OGA)/gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland type (GA‐FG), signet‐ring cell carcinoma (SRCC), and sporadic fundic gland polyp with dysplasia (FGPD). In contrast, tumors arising from the pyloric or cardiac gland mucosa have a diverse immunophenotype, as seen in intestinal‐type gastric dysplasia (IGD) and gastric cardiac carcinoma. FGA, FGPD, SRCC, and IGD are mostly found as small intramucosal lesions. OGA/GA‐FG frequently progresses to invasive carcinoma, but only a few have lymph node metastases. Thus, these tumors are regarded as precancerous lesions by Western pathologists, while in Japan they tend to be diagnosed as carcinomas, even in cases of low‐grade dysplasia. Gastric cardiac carcinomas, on the other hand, are often found as advanced carcinomas and harbor a high malignant biological potential. A new diagnostic framework for gastric neoplasms is required in the present era of Hp‐naïve individuals in Japan.
Three‐Dimensional Digital Guide Plate‐Based Fenestration Decompression With Sustained Plug in the Treatment of Jaw Cyst in Children
Authors: Xiao Han , Wang Yongliang , Yue Jin , Han Rui , Ji Chenglong , Qiao Chuanyue , Huang Hao , Bian Shuang , Wang Jianxin , Lin Kaijie , Ma Lei
Published: January 2025

Jaw cyst is a common bone cyst affecting the jaw. Clinically, fenestration decompression is the first choice for treating jaw cysts in children, but traditional strategy still has limitations in positioning accuracy, potential trauma, adherence, etc. This study designed an improved strategy, three‐dimensional digital guide plate‐based fenestration decompression with sustained plug for the treatment of jaw cyst in an 8‐year‐old boy. After the surgery, the cyst gradually became smaller and disappeared at 1 year, permanent teeth erupted normally and the wound healed well. Under the positioning of three‐dimensional digital guide, the position of fenestration was accurately located, and the anatomical structures in the cyst cavity were protected. The wound was small in size, and the postoperative pain response was mild. Additionally, the expanded structure of the plug at both ends made it firmly fixed in the opening position. The plug could be rinsed daily with simple operation and no pain, avoiding discomfort caused by repeated wearing. To sum up, the improved strategy is effective in the treatment of jaw cyst.