bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of GLP‐1 Receptor Agonists in Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Klausen Mette Kruse , Knudsen Gitte Moos , Vilsbøll Tina , Fink‐Jensen Anders
Published: February 2025

In the search for novel treatment strategies for alcohol use disorder (AUD), glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) approved for treating Type 2 diabetes and obesity have caught much attention. GLP‐1 is a naturally occurring peptide produced in the small intestines and the brain, regulating plasma glucose levels and satiety. This focused review will report on the preclinical studies, case stories, register‐based cohort studies, brain‐imaging data and secondary analysis of clinical data supporting the role of GLP‐1RAs as a novel treatment of AUD. Several clinical trials are ongoing, examining the potential effects of the GLP‐1RA semaglutide in AUD.
Structure of Epiphyte–Phorophyte Networks and Their Robustness to Species Loss in White‐Sand Ecosystems in the Amazon
Authors: Klein Viviane Pagnussat , Francisco Talitha Mayumi , Quaresma Adriano Costa , Piedade Maria Teresa Fernandez
Published: February 2025

The Amazon is the world's largest tropical forest, has a great diversity of species, and provides essential ecosystem services. However, anthropic exploratory processes have intensified and are seriously influencing this biome. Approaches that are based on ecological network theory are an excellent tool for describing the structure of communities, interactions between species, and the stability of ecosystems. Using a specific set of network metrics; the first epiphyte–phorophyte commensal network for the fragile white‐sand ecosystems of the central Amazon was created. The structure and organization of interactions were analyzed and described; we also tested the stability of the system to simulate species loss. A total of 725 interactions between 52 phorophyte species and 118 vascular epiphytes were recorded in the white‐sand ecosystem (WSE). The epiphyte–phorophyte network exhibited a nested structure, with a low degree of specialization (H2′), connectance, modularity, and robustness. When the elimination of highly connected phorophytes was simulated, secondary extinctions in epiphytes were high, which indicates low stability of the system when disturbances occur. The generalist phorophyte Aldina heterophylla was particularly important, interacting with 89.0% of the species and hosting 75.0% of the epiphytes. Our results indicate that the richness and abundance of vascular epiphytes in WSEs is concentrated in a few phorophytes species, especially in large trees. As such, removing this species from the system can disrupt interactions, change the network's structure, and unbalance the entire ecosystem.
Pathogenic Deep Intronic PCSK1 Variant Causes Proprotein Convertase 1/3 Deficiency in a Family
Authors: Huber Leah M. , Subaşıoğlu Aslı , Garczarczyk‐Asim Dorota , Valovka Taras , Müller Thomas , Adam Rüdiger , Janecke Andreas R.
Published: February 2025

Proprotein convertase 1/3 (PC1/3), encoded by PCSK1, is expressed in neuronal and endocrine cell types, where it activates a number of protein precursors that play roles in energy homeostasis. Biallelic PCSK1 loss‐of‐function mutations cause a polyendocrinopathy; a total of 34 patients were reported. An infant with congenital malabsorptive diarrhea of all carbohydrates underwent exome sequencing (ES), with particular consideration of PC1/3 deficiency, but no mutations were found. The onset of obesity in the second year of life increased suspicion of PC1/3 deficiency in the proband, as well as in his equally affected cousin. Transcript analysis revealed minor amounts of an aberrant PCSK1 transcript containing intron 9 sequence and encoding a premature stop codon (p.Pro400Valfs*35). A deep intronic PCSK1 variant, NG_021161.1(NM_000439.5):c.1196+2681T>A, was found to segregate in the proband's family with the disease. A minigene approach demonstrated that the identified deep‐intronic variant underlies pseudo‐exon inclusion of the intron 9 sequence in the transcript. The characteristic phenotype of PC1/3 deficiency might require extended genetic testing to make a timely diagnosis.
The Role of Candidate Polymorphisms in Drug Transporter Genes on High‐Dose Methotrexate in the Consolidation Phase of the AIEOP‐BFM ALL 2009 Protocol
Authors: Braidotti Stefania , Zudeh Giulia , Franca Raffaella , Kiren Valentina , Colombini Antonella , Bettini Laura Rachele , Brivio Erica , Locatelli Franco , Vinti Luciana , Bertorello Nicoletta , Fagioli Franca , Silvestri Daniela , Valsecchi Maria Grazia , Decorti Giuliana , Stocco Gabriele , Rabusin Marco
Published: February 2025

High‐dose methotrexate (HD‐MTX) infusions are commonly used to consolidate remission in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We investigate the potential role of candidate polymorphisms in SLCO1B1 (rs4149056 and rs2306283), ABCB1 (rs1045642), ABCC2 (rs717620), ABCC3 (rs9895420), and ABCC4 (rs7317112) drug transporters genes on HD‐MTX pharmacokinetics and patients' outcome (meant both as relapse and drug‐related toxicities) in an Italian cohort of 204 ALL pediatric patients treated according to the AIEOP‐BFM ALL 2009 protocol. TaqMan SNP genotyping assays determined patient's genotypes. Measurements of HD‐MTX plasma concentration were available for 814 HD‐MTX courses in 204 patients; MTX clearance was estimated by a two‐compartmental linear pharmacokinetic model with first‐order elimination and a Bayesian approach, via ADAPT. Independent contributions of age and ABCC4 SNP rs7317112 (A>G, intronic) on MTX clearance were detected in a multivariate analysis (p = 1.57 × 10−8 and p = 2.06 × 10−5, respectively), suggesting a delayed elimination of the drug in older patients and an accelerated one in carriers of the variant GG genotype. After multiple corrections, the association between ABCC2 SNP rs717620 (−24 C>T) and severe hematological toxicity was found (p < 0.005). Moreover, SLCO1B1 SNP rs4149056 (c.521T>C, p.V174A) affected patients' outcomes: carriers of the variant C allele presented a reduced risk of relapse compared to wild‐type TT (hazard risk: 0.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.08–0.90, p = 0.037). Taken together, these data highlighted the importance of variants in drug transporters genes on HD‐MTX disposition in the AIEOP‐BFM ALL 2009 protocol consolidation phase, and their putative role as predictive markers of outcome.
Relationship Between Nutritional Literacy and Healthy Life Skills of University Students
Authors: Karadağ Gülendam , Bilgiç Dilek , Öztürk Nuray , Özdemir Tuğba
Published: February 2025

Health literacy is important for maintaining healthy diets and lifestyles. This study examined the relationship between nutrition literacy and healthy life skills of university students. This study was a descriptive and correlational design. The students' Food and Nutrition Literacy Scale knowledge sub‐dimension mean score was found to be 10.30 ± 2.11, at the limited knowledge level, the attitude sub‐dimension mean score was 49.32 ± 7.26, at the limited attitude level, and the behaviour sub‐dimension mean score was 31.04 ± 5.71, at the limited level. The mean Scale of Healthy Life Skills in University Students score of the university students was 62.96 ± 9.99, at a moderate level. Multiple regression analysis showed that the mean scores obtained from the attitude and behaviour sub‐dimensions, studying in the Faculty of Nursing, being 18 years old, and studying in the first or second year were the main variables influencing the healthy life skills of university students. The food and nutrition literacy of the students was limited and their healthy life skills were at a moderate level. As the food and nutrition literacy of the students increased, their healthy life skills became more positive.
Seasonal Shifts in Trophic Interaction Strength Drive Stability of Natural Food Webs
Authors: Gaedke Ursula , Li Xiaoxiao , Guill Christian , Hemerik Lia , de Ruiter Peter C.
Published: February 2025

It remains challenging to understand why natural food webs are remarkably stable despite highly variable environmental factors and population densities. We investigated the dynamics in the structure and stability of Lake Constance's pelagic food web using 7 years of high‐frequency observations of biomasses and production, leading to 59 seasonally resolved quantitative food web descriptions. We assessed the dynamics in asymptotic food web stability through maximum loop weight, which revealed underlying stability mechanisms. Maximum loop weight showed a recurrent seasonal pattern with a consistently high stability despite pronounced dynamics in biomasses, fluxes and productivity. This stability resulted from seasonal rewiring of the food web, driven by energetic constraints within loops and their embedding into food web structure. The stabilising restructuring emerged from counter‐acting effects of metabolic activity and competitiveness/susceptibility to predation within a diverse grazer community on loop weight. This underscores the role of functional diversity in promoting food web stability.
Age is associated with the requirement for surgery in horses with nephrosplenic ligament entrapment of the large colon at a single UK equine referral hospital
Authors: Dollemore Georgia , McGovern Kate , Tallon Rose
Published: February 2025

Background

Conservative and surgical management of left dorsal displacement and nephrosplenic ligament entrapment of the large colon (NSLE) is well described in horses. Whilst breed factors predispose the development of NSLE, it is unknown if breed affects the likelihood for surgical intervention.

Objectives

To compare the incidence of surgical intervention and differences in pre‐operative parameters between Thoroughbred and non‐Thoroughbred horses. The authors hypothesise a higher proportion of Thoroughbreds require surgical intervention.

Study design

Retrospective cross‐sectional study.

Methods

Case records at a single equine referral hospital were searched between January 2007 and September 2022 for horses with suspected or confirmed NSLE on transrectal palpation, transabdominal ultrasonography or exploratory laparotomy. Horses were classified into Thoroughbred and non‐Thoroughbred groups. Unpaired T‐tests, Mann–Whitney U tests, Chi‐squared tests and multivariable analysis were used to compare groups. A mixed effects multivariable logistic regression model compared surgery or conservative management as outcome variables.

Results

A total of 179 NSLEs in 169 horses were included (100 Thoroughbreds). Forty‐eight horses (26.8%) underwent surgery, including 34 Thoroughbreds (70.8%). A total of 131 NSLEs in 125 horses were treated conservatively (73.2%), including 66 Thoroughbreds (50.4%). Univariable analysis showed Thoroughbreds were more likely to require surgical intervention compared with non‐Thoroughbred breeds (odds ratio [OR] = 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–6.18; p = 0.04). Thoroughbreds requiring surgical intervention were significantly younger than those treated conservatively (surgical group median = 2 years [interquartile range, IQR = 1], conservative group median = 4.5 years [IQR = 7], 95% CI 1.66–5.27 years; p ≤ 0.0001). Multivariable analysis, however, showed decreasing age alone was associated with an increased likelihood of surgical intervention (OR = 0.9; 95% CI 0.81–0.99; p = 0.03).

Main limitations

Definitive diagnosis of NSLE is not possible in conservatively managed cases.

Conclusions

For this hospital population, Thoroughbreds were more likely to require surgical correction of NSLE, most likely due to the significantly increased likelihood of surgical intervention in young horses.
Rising Water Levels and Vegetation Shifts Drive Substantial Reductions in Methane Emissions and Carbon Dioxide Uptake in a Great Lakes Coastal Freshwater Wetland
Authors: Tang Angela Che Ing , Bohrer Gil , Malhotra Avni , Missik Justine , Machado‐Silva Fausto , Forbrich Inke
Published: February 2025

Coastal freshwater wetlands are critical ecosystems for both local and global carbon cycles, sequestering substantial carbon while also emitting methane (CH4) due to anoxic conditions. Estuarine freshwater wetlands face unique challenges from fluctuating water levels, which influence water quality, vegetation, and carbon cycling. However, the response of CH4 fluxes and their drivers to altered hydrology and vegetation remains unclear, hindering mechanistic modeling. To address these knowledge gaps, we studied an estuarine freshwater wetland in the Great Lakes region, where rising water levels led to a vegetation shift from emergent Typha dominance in 2015–2016 to floating‐leaved species in 2020–2022. Using eddy covariance flux measurements during the peak growing season (June–September) of both periods, we observed a 60% decrease in CH4 emissions, from 81 ± 4 g C m−2 in 2015–2016 to 31 ± 3 g C m−2 in 2020–2022. This decline was driven by two main factors: (1) higher water levels, which suppressed ebullitive fluxes via increased hydrostatic pressure and extended CH4 residence time, enhancing oxidation potential in the water column; and (2) reduced CH4 conductance through plants. Net carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake decreased by 90%, from −267 ± 26 g C m−2 in 2015–2016 to −27 ± 49 g C m−2 in 2020–2022. Additionally, diel CH4 flux patterns shifted, with a distinct morning peak observed in 2015–2016 but absent in 2020–2022, suggesting changes in plant‐mediated transport and a potential decoupling from photosynthesis. The dominant factors influencing CH4 fluxes shifted from water temperature and gross primary productivity in 2015–2016 to atmospheric pressure in 2020–2022, suggesting an increased role of ebullition as a primary transport pathway. Our results demonstrate that changes in water levels and vegetation can substantially alter CH4 and CO2 fluxes in coastal freshwater wetlands, underscoring the critical role of hydrological shifts in driving carbon dynamics in these ecosystems.
Inflammasome Activation by RNA Respiratory Viruses: Mechanisms, Viral Manipulation, and Therapeutic Insights
Authors: Rodrigues Tamara S. , Zamboni Dario S.
Published: February 2025

Respiratory viruses, including SARS‐CoV‐2, influenza, parainfluenza, rhinovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), are pathogens responsible for lower respiratory tract infections, particularly in vulnerable populations such as children and the elderly. Upon infection, these viruses are recognized by pattern recognition receptors, leading to the activation of inflammasomes, which are essential for mediating inflammatory responses. This review discusses the mechanisms by which these RNA respiratory viruses activate inflammasomes, emphasizing the roles of various signaling pathways and components involved in this process. Additionally, we highlight the specific interactions between viral proteins and inflammasome sensors, elucidating how these viruses manipulate the host immune response to facilitate infection. Understanding the dynamics of inflammasome activation in response to respiratory viruses provides critical insights for developing immunomodulatory therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating inflammation and improving outcomes in respiratory tract infections.
Biomedical outcomes and cardiovascular risks in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes in the metabolic management center program: A longitudinal comparative study
Authors: He Zhanpeng , Cheng Hui , Jia Zhihui , Niu Zimin , Li Yu Ting , Huang Wenyong , Guo Vivian Yawei , Su Zhiran , Xie Yao Jie , Shen Jie , Wang Harry HX
Published: February 2025

Aims

To assess the extent to which biomedical outcomes and cardiovascular risk profile were improved in the management of Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes enrolled in the metabolic management center (MMC) program.

Materials and Methods

We performed propensity score matching of diabetic patients in the MMC program for at least 12 months to those with diabetes under usual primary care, based on age, sex, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level, and diabetes duration. Difference‐in‐difference analysis was conducted to compare changes in biomedical outcomes, attainment of treatment targets, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction.

Results

Of 557 pairs of diabetic patients matched 1:1 (n = 1,114), the MMC cohort exhibited greater improvements in FPG (−0.84 mmol/L, 95% confidence interval [CI] −1.22 to −0.46, P < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure [BP] (−2.08 mmHg, 95%CI −3.21 to −0.94, P < 0.001), body mass index [BMI] (−0.29 kg/m2, 95%CI −0.51 to −0.07, P = 0.009), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.13 mmol/L, 95%CI 0.04–0.23, P = 0.008), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.05 mmol/L, 95%CI 0.01–0.08, P = 0.017), and 10‐year CVD risk (Framingham CVD risk, −0.94%, 95%CI −1.71 to −0.17, P = 0.017; atherosclerotic CVD risk, −0.77%, 95%CI −1.34 to −0.20, P = 0.009) when compared to the usual primary care cohort after adjustment for confounders. More patients in the MMC cohort achieved treatment targets with lifestyle modifications than their counterparts under primary care.

Conclusions

Enrolment in the MMC program appears promising in the management of FPG, BP, BMI, lifestyle, and CVD risk in diabetic patients, suggesting the necessity of incorporating the MMC program into routine primary care.
Geochemical Characteristics of Oils from the Orenburg Field in the SE Volga‐Ural Basin, Russia: Implications for the Molecular Structure of a Marine Type II Kerogen
Authors: Hakimi Mohammed Hail , Suwaid Muneer A. , Saeed Shadi A. , Al‐Muntaser Ameen A. , Varfolomeev Mikhail A. , Khamieva Aliia N. , Nurgaliev Danis K. , Abdullah Mohammed A. , Lashin Aref , Morozova Evgeniya V. , Gareev Bulat I. , Andriyashin Vitaly V. , Ognev Igor , Tahhan Fatma
Published: February 2025

Six oil samples from an Upper Devonian carbonate reservoir in the Orenburg field in the SE Volga‐Ural Basin (Russia) were analyzed geochemically, together with extracts of five core samples of the Domanik Formation source rock (Frasnian‐Tournaisian) from a well located in the south of the basin. Biomarker analyses of saturated and aromatic oil fractions were combined with new data on the molecular structure of asphaltene in order to investigate source rock organic matter input, depositional environment, and thermal maturity. The studied oil samples have high API values (31°–37°) and saturated hydrocarbon contents up to 66%, suggesting that they were generated by a thermally mature source rock and consistent with high contents of С6–С14 n‐alkanes relative to C15+ of the oil‐asphaltene fraction. The molecular structure of asphaltene derived from pyrolysis‐gas chromatograpy‐mass spectrometry (Py‐GC‐Ms) analyses also suggests that the oils were generated by a source rock containing marine Type II kerogen, consistent with the H/C atomic ratio up to 1.25. Bulk kinetic analyses of the asphaltene showed a relatively broad range of activation energies between 40 and 58 kcal/mol and a frequency factor (A) of 12E+14/1 s. The biomarker characteristics of aliphatic and aromatic fractions in the studied oils suggest that they were generated by carbonate‐rich source rocks containing organic matter of marine algal origin deposited under anoxic conditions. Furthermore, maturity‐sensitive biomarker parameters show that the oils were generated at peak oil window maturities. Oil‐source rock correlations of biomarker proxies indicated that the analyzed oils from the Orenburg field were mainly generated by carbonate‐rich shaley source rocks in the Domanik Formation.
Naturalism and the Cartesian ghost
Authors: Cahoone Lawrence
Published: February 2025

Many philosophers equate naturalism with physicalism. Non‐reductive naturalists object that physicalism is inadequate to human agency. Despite their disagreement, both labor under a vestigial Cartesianism that regards the human mind as the sole exception in an otherwise monolithic physical nature. But nonhuman nature is complex, exhibits emergence, and requires multiple sciences. This paper argues that nonhuman nature cannot be adequately understood by physicalism with its doctrine of the causal closure of the physical. At the same time, non‐reductive naturalism cannot deny the dependence of human processes on nonhuman nature. A pluralistic naturalism can acknowledge this dependency without accepting physicalism. The Cartesian ghost can only be exorcized by thinking through the complexity of the nonhuman nature that is our home. This permits us to accept the realist, albeit fallibilist, truth of human cognition of the nature that evolved it.
Comment on Sami Pihlström, “Naturalism, from a transcendental point of view”
Authors: Cahoone Lawrence
Published: February 2025

Sami Pihlström's non‐reductive naturalism seeks to naturalize the transcendental. His Kantian version of liberal naturalism incorporates an affiliation with Strawson and Quine on perspective “relativity.” His insistence on the irreducibility of the agent perspective, and its inclusion in nature, is arguably right. But this can be achieved more simply by recognizing two points non‐reductive naturalists often fail to note. First, physicalism is inadequate not merely to the human but also to the nonhuman world. That world is complex, requires multiple sciences, and includes the mental activity of purposive animals of which we are a remarkably special case. Second, the relativity of our truth claims to human agency is only one instance of the objective relativity of natural systems to one another. Once we recognize these two points, a fallibilist realism can support and be supported by the non‐reductive naturalism Pihlström and I both seek.
Healthy Ageing for All? A Health Growth Incidence Curve Approach
Authors: Carrieri Vincenzo , Jones Andrew M. , Principe Francesco , Maddalena Speziali Maria
Published: February 2025

We propose and apply a framework that analyses the distributional impact of episodes of overall health growth or decline. We use local smoothing to model the relationship between health outcomes and relative income rank and we introduce Health Growth Incidence Curves (HGIC) to graph the rate of change of health outcomes across the income distribution. We illustrate our framework with an analysis of the distributional dynamics of health and well‐being among those aged 60–85 in the years 2004 and 2015 using pooled SHARE data for selected European countries. Overall we observe a pattern that favours individuals with higher socioeconomic status, with a pro‐rich distribution of improvements in outcomes. Only cognitive capacity growth has been uniform across income groups.
Semen Collection by Urethral Catheterization After Pharmacological Induction With Dexmedetomidine and Methadone in Ferrets
Authors: Attard Simona , Andolfatto Alice , Di Giuseppe Marco , Pisu Maria Carmela
Published: February 2025

The evaluation of fertility in stud animals is crucial across all species. Various semen collection techniques have been described in the literature, depending on the practitioner's expertise, available equipment and the species being examined. These techniques include the use of an artificial vagina, electroejaculation, urethral catheterization and the administration of alpha‐2 adrenergic agonists to induce penile erection and ejaculation. Since 1965, several studies have explored semen collection methods in ferrets. Chang et al. initially performed post‐mortem collection from the epididymis and vas deferens, while in 1970, Shump et al. successfully utilised electroejaculation. More recently, reproductive specialists have reported improved semen collection results through urethral catheterization following the administration of alpha‐2 adrenergic agonists. The first successful application of this technique in felids was documented in 2008 by Zambelli et al. using medetomidine. In 2017, Pisu et al. employed a similar protocol, combining dexmedetomidine and methadone. In ferrets, urethral catheterization was first described in 2020, using a combination of ketamine, midazolam, and dexmedetomidine. The goal of this study was to present an alternative protocol for semen collection in ferrets, utilising dexmedetomidine and methadone to induce ejaculation.
The COVID‐19 vaccine ChAdOx1 is opsonized by anti‐vector antibodies that activate complement and promote viral vector phagocytosis
Authors: Nissilä Eija , Starck Leo , Aho Elias , Venerandi Erika , Jalkanen Pinja , Leskinen Katarzyna , Uvarov Pavel , Saavalainen Päivi , Julkunen Ilkka , Kotimaa Juha , Haapasalo Karita , Meri Seppo
Published: February 2025

The ChAdOx1 nCoV‐19 vaccine has been in large‐scale use during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Limited efficacy compared to mRNA vaccines and certain potential side effects raise the question of whether anti‐adenoviral vector antibodies influence immune responses against the vaccine. Complement activation by ChAdOx1 and leukocyte phagocytosis of ChAdOx1 in vitro were studied. Plasma IgG levels against ChAdOx1 and human adenovirus 2 (hAdV2) hexon protein were determined (n = 20) and IgGs from high‐ and low‐titre plasmas were isolated (n = 3). Complement activation was measured as cleavage of C3 by immunoblotting and generation of C3a and sC5b‐9 by ELISA. pHrodo‐labelled ChAdOx1 was opsonized with complement and IgG, and phagocytosis by isolated blood PMNs in vitro was studied by flow cytometry. The transcriptomic profile of PMN cells exposed to ChAdOx1 was analysed by RNA‐seq. ChAdOx1 activated the classical complement pathway in an anti‐adenovirus antibody‐dependent manner. Generation of the terminal complement complex sC5b‐9 in individual sera correlated with anti‐hAdV2 hexon and anti‐ChAdOx1 IgG levels. Phagocytosis of ChAdOx1 also correlated significantly with anti‐hAdV2 hexon IgG, anti‐ChAdOx1 IgG and serum sC5b‐9 levels. High‐titre anti‐hAdv2 hexon IgG increased phagocytosis in the presence of normal serum. Anti‐vector antibodies induced rapid complement activation and promoted phagocytosis of the ChAdOx1 vaccine by neutrophils. Moreover, transcriptomic analysis revealed upregulation of complement‐related genes induced by the ChAdOx1 vaccine in vitro. Anti‐adenovirus vector antibodies and complement activation may thus influence the efficacy of the ChAdOx1 vaccine against SARS‐CoV‐2 and be also involved in vaccine‐related side effects.
Here's another nice mess you've gotten us into1
Authors: Thrift Nigel
Published: February 2025

The British university system, like the systems in a number of other countries, is being transformed as it grows in size and function into a set of industrial combines that power a process of mass production which is both downgrading the role of academics and threatening the production of creative work. I enumerate some of the reasons why this is happening, including questionable government policies, a tangle of over‐regulation and apparent management quiescence, and consider what might be done to reinvent a system which is, quite frankly, an overly bureaucratic mess. To right the system, I pose a series of questions that urgently need constructive answers. As the creative core of the university, many of these answers need the contribution of academics—and, it might be argued, as a matter of right. But it is a measure of how far the system has gone in the wrong direction that this isn't happening. They have been supplanted by policy‐making forces for whom their interests are rarely central. That must surely change.
Impact of suture materials polydioxanone and poliglecaprone 25 on non‐infected clean orthopedic stifle procedure incisional dehiscence rates
Authors: Caiazzo Megan N. , Cortina Brittany L. , Terreros Alex , Daye R. Mark
Published: February 2025

Objective

To compare dehiscence rates, and evaluate incisional outcome, between the use of polydioxanone (PDS) versus poliglecaprone 25 (Monocryl) suture for skin closure in dogs undergoing a variety of clean orthopedic procedures associated with the stifle.

Study design

Randomized, prospective, cross‐sectional design.

Animals

Client owned dogs with cranial cruciate disease deemed appropriate surgical candidates for tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) or other clean orthopedic stifle procedure (N = 232).

Methods

Dogs undergoing a TPLO, or other clean orthopedic procedure were randomly assigned to one of three groups using different closure materials. Incisional dehiscence rate in the absence of infection was analyzed against multiple variables. Infection and dehiscence were characterized based on previously published descriptions.

Results

A total of 232 dogs were analyzed with 72 in Group 1, 85 in Group 2, and 75 in Group 3. A total of 137/232 (59.05%) of dogs received postoperative antibiotics. Overall, 22/232 (9.48%) of dogs showed dehiscence without evidence of infection during the follow up period. Postoperative antibiotic use (p = .023) and signs of infection (p < .001) were statistically different between the healed and dehisced groups. The mean weight, body condition score, and incision length were not different between groups.

Conclusion

There is no difference in dehiscence rate in the absence of infection following a clean orthopedic procedure when comparing skin closure with PDS versus Monocryl.

Clinical significance

Either PDS or Monocryl may be used for skin closure following a clean orthopedic procedure.
Towards Examining the Effects of Cultural and Contextual Factors on Ethical Signaling in Digital Public Relations (PR)
Authors: Alshammari Mohammed Murdhi , Alshammari Salem Sabah Matar
Published: February 2025

The transition of Public Relations (PR) practices from conventional to digital resources can be observed. Despite these platforms catering to the primary needs of Communication, they also necessitate a need for ethical practices to avail maximum benefit from them. This research also focused on the effect of cultural and contextual factors on how ethical behavior is considered in digital public relations practices in Kuwait. Data was gathered from 267 Public Relations (PR) practitioners through Qualitrics.com and analyzed using Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Results revealed that Cultural Factors significantly affect Digital Signaling in Public Relations Practices, indicating respondents practice communication relying on their perceptions about Public Relations (PR) practices, privacy disclosure, and the guidelines provided by their organizations. Further, the effect of Contextual Factors also remained significant, showing the impact of organizational social media policy, guidelines, and training on the Public Relations (PR) practices among them. Besides, ethical approaches regarding socially responsible behavior, client-centred approaches, and organizational monitoring of PR practices also remained prominent. It is concluded that digital signaling holds a growing significance in Public Relations practices. It is important to skillfully navigate the factors affecting these practices to uphold ethical standards and ensure meaningful engagement with stakeholders. Hence, skillfully cultivating cultural and contextual facets remains crucial for sustaining ethics and driving effective stakeholder involvement as the digital sphere evolves within contemporary Public Relations.
Increased muscle satellite cell content and preserved telomere length in response to combined exercise training in patients with FSHD
Authors: Horwath Oscar , Montiel‐Rojas Diego , Ponsot Elodie , Féasson Léonard , Kadi Fawzi
Published: February 2025

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is an inherited muscle disease characterized by weakness and muscle wasting. In the absence of available treatments, exercise training has emerged as a potential strategy to attenuate muscle tissue deterioration. However, little is known about the impact of chronic exercise on degenerative events and regenerative capacity in FSHD muscle. Muscle biopsies were obtained from 16 FSHD patients before and after a 24 week training program combining aerobic‐, strength‐ and high‐intensity exercise (Control; n = 8, Training; n = 8). Histochemical and immunohistochemical approaches were applied to assess histopathological signs, markers of regeneration, inflammatory infiltrates and satellite cell content. Muscle telomere length was measured as an indicator of the remaining regenerative capacity. The proportion of muscle fibres expressing developmental myosins and centralized myonuclei was not exacerbated after the intervention. Similarly, no alterations were observed in the number of inflammatory infiltrates (CD68+ cells). Alongside muscle hypertrophy in slow (P = 0.022) and fast fibres (P = 0.022 and P = 0.008), satellite cell content increased specifically in fast fibres (+75 %, P = 0.015), indicating a functional satellite cell pool in FSHD muscle. Importantly, exercise training was not associated with a shortening of muscle telomere length, suggesting that muscle cell turnover was not accelerated despite an expansion of the satellite cell pool. Our findings suggest that combined exercise training elicits beneficial muscular adaptations without impairing important indicators of skeletal muscle regenerative capacity in patients with FSHD.

image

Key points

A 24 week combined exercise training program is a safe and well‐tolerated strategy to attenuate skeletal muscle deterioration in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) patients.

Markers of histopathology, muscle fibre regeneration and inflammatory infiltrates were not exacerbated following exercise training in FSHD muscle.

Here, we show novel data that exercise training in FSHD patients induced muscle fibre hypertrophy and triggered an expansion of the satellite cell pool specifically in fast fibres.

Exercise training in these patients is not associated with a shortening of muscle telomere length thereby indicating a preserved capacity for muscle regeneration.
Exploring the Connection Between Brain Strain and Cognitive Changes: A Protocol Study
Authors: Menghani Ritika Raj , Bardall Clayton , Tanaka Martin L. , Kraft Reuben H.
Published: February 2025

Given the rise of head injury in the youth, much focus has been directed toward predicting brain injury using simulation tools such as finite element analysis. Various brain strain measures are proposed as indicators of concussion. However, the clinical connection between brain strain and cognitive changes has not been fully established. In this study, we develop a framework to compare strains and other metrics obtained from finite element brain simulations with sideline cognitive testing results. We conducted a preliminary study for ten college football players. The players were equipped with custom fit mouthguards and were monitored for one season. A total of 2185 impacts were collected, and eight cognitive tests were conducted that were triggered when acceleration measurement exceed a threshold of 30Gs. Axonal injury metrics were examined while considering cognitive scores. This study represents a protocol investigation with preliminary findings, as it explores the correlation between brain strain metrics and cognitive deficits in a sample of ten football players over one season.
Benchmarking $$\mathbf {\Lambda }$$NN three-body forces and first predictions for $$A=3-5$$ hypernuclei
Authors: Le Hoai , Haidenbauer Johann , Kamada Hiroyuki , Kohno Michio , Meißner Ulf-G. , Miyagawa Kazuya , Nogga Andreas
Published: February 2025

Explicit expressions for the leading chiral hyperon-nucleon-nucleon three-body forces have been derived by Petschauer et al (Phys Rev C93:014001, 2016). An important prerequisite for including these three-body forces in few- and many-body calculations is the accuracy and efficiency of their partial-wave decomposition. A careful benchmark of the

$$\Lambda $$

Λ

NN potential matrix elements, computed using two robust and efficient partial-wave decomposition methods, is presented. In addition, results of a first quantitative assessment for the contributions of

$${\Lambda }$$

Λ

NN forces to the separation energies in

$$A=3-5$$

A
=
3
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hypernuclei are reported.
Efficient Light Field Transmission via Enhanced Resampling Reconstruction and Angular Attention Estimation
Authors: Yu Zongyou , Qu Qiang , Zheng Wei , Hu Zeke Zexi , Chen Xiaoming
Published: February 2025

Light field (LF) imaging technology has significantly enhanced immersive virtual reality experiences and advanced computer vision tasks like depth estimation and 3D reconstruction. However, the massive data volume of light field images (LFIs) presents a transmission challenge. To address this issue, we propose a novel intelligent LF transmission approach integrating enhanced resampling reconstruction and angular attention estimation. The proposed enhanced resampling reconstruction method reduces spatial redundancy by downsampling before transmission and upsampling afterward, aided by a pre-calculated residual map to minimizing quality loss. To reduce angular redundancy while preserving perceptual quality, we designed a LF angular attention estimation network employing specifically designed angular attention kernels to guide differential transmission within the angular domain. To train this network, we construct the first LF eye-tracking dataset, featuring numerous of samples, diverse realistic scenes, and a wealth of data elements, particularly real user angular attention data, establishing it a key benchmark in LF transmission. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our transmission strategy decreases transmission time by 97.3% with only a 3.1% perceptual quality loss. Subjective experiments further confirm the superior performance of our method. An implementation of this paper and the constructed dataset are available at https://github.com/VincentQQu/LF-Transmission.
Supplementary Table S4 from Conditional Activation of c-MYC in Distinct Catecholaminergic Cells Drives Development of Neuroblastoma or Somatostatinoma
Authors: Wang Tingting , Liu Lingling , Fang Jie , Jin Hongjian , Natarajan Sivaraman , Sheppard Heather , Lu Meifen , Turner Gregory , Confer Thomas , Johnson Melissa , Steinberg Jeffrey , Ha Larry , Yadak Nour , Jain Richa , Picketts David J. , Ma Xiaotu , Murphy Andrew , Davidoff Andrew M. , Glazer Evan S. , Easton John , Chen Xiang , Wang Ruoning , Yang Jun
Published: February 2025

Differentially expressed genes in c-MYC PNET and c-MYC neuroblastoma
TCGA Patient IDs from Mutant PP2A Induces IGFBP2 Secretion to Promote Development of High-Grade Uterine Cancer
Authors: Haanen Terrance J. , Boock Sophie , Callahan Catherine G. , Peris Irene , Zawacki Kaitlin P. , Raines Brynne , Nino Charles A. , Tran Brian , Harold Alexis , Hodges Onishi Gabrielle , Hinderman Matthew , Dowdican Amanda , Huang Wei , Taylor Derek J. , Taylor Sarah E. , Jackson Mark W. , DiFeo Analisa , O’Connor Caitlin M. , Narla Goutham
Published: February 2025

Patient IDs used for all TCGA analysis used in this manuscript
Supplementary Figure Legends from Mutant PP2A Induces IGFBP2 Secretion to Promote Development of High-Grade Uterine Cancer
Authors: Haanen Terrance J. , Boock Sophie , Callahan Catherine G. , Peris Irene , Zawacki Kaitlin P. , Raines Brynne , Nino Charles A. , Tran Brian , Harold Alexis , Hodges Onishi Gabrielle , Hinderman Matthew , Dowdican Amanda , Huang Wei , Taylor Derek J. , Taylor Sarah E. , Jackson Mark W. , DiFeo Analisa , O’Connor Caitlin M. , Narla Goutham
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Figure Legends
Supplementary Tables 1-5 from Modeling Drug Responses and Evolutionary Dynamics Using Patient-Derived Xenografts Reveals Precision Medicine Strategies for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Shea Abigail , Eyal-Lubling Yaniv , Guerrero-Romero Daniel , Manzano Garcia Raquel , Greenwood Wendy , O’Reilly Martin , Georgopoulou Dimitra , Callari Maurizio , Lerda Giulia , Wix Sophia , Giovannetti Agnese , Masina Riccardo , Esmaeilishirazifard Elham , Cope Wei , Martin Alistair G. , Nagano Ai , Young Lisa , Kupczak Steven , Cheng Yi , Bardwell Helen , Provenzano Elena , Kane Justine , Lay Jonny , Grybowicz Louise , McAdam Karen , Caldas Carlos , Abraham Jean , Rueda Oscar M. , Bruna Alejandra
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Tables 1-5
Supp Figure 4 from Mutant PP2A Induces IGFBP2 Secretion to Promote Development of High-Grade Uterine Cancer
Authors: Haanen Terrance J. , Boock Sophie , Callahan Catherine G. , Peris Irene , Zawacki Kaitlin P. , Raines Brynne , Nino Charles A. , Tran Brian , Harold Alexis , Hodges Onishi Gabrielle , Hinderman Matthew , Dowdican Amanda , Huang Wei , Taylor Derek J. , Taylor Sarah E. , Jackson Mark W. , DiFeo Analisa , O’Connor Caitlin M. , Narla Goutham
Published: February 2025

Supp Figure 4
Supplementary Legends from Modeling Drug Responses and Evolutionary Dynamics Using Patient-Derived Xenografts Reveals Precision Medicine Strategies for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Shea Abigail , Eyal-Lubling Yaniv , Guerrero-Romero Daniel , Manzano Garcia Raquel , Greenwood Wendy , O’Reilly Martin , Georgopoulou Dimitra , Callari Maurizio , Lerda Giulia , Wix Sophia , Giovannetti Agnese , Masina Riccardo , Esmaeilishirazifard Elham , Cope Wei , Martin Alistair G. , Nagano Ai , Young Lisa , Kupczak Steven , Cheng Yi , Bardwell Helen , Provenzano Elena , Kane Justine , Lay Jonny , Grybowicz Louise , McAdam Karen , Caldas Carlos , Abraham Jean , Rueda Oscar M. , Bruna Alejandra
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Figures 1-20 and Supplementary Tables 1-10 Legends
Supp Figure 3 from Mutant PP2A Induces IGFBP2 Secretion to Promote Development of High-Grade Uterine Cancer
Authors: Haanen Terrance J. , Boock Sophie , Callahan Catherine G. , Peris Irene , Zawacki Kaitlin P. , Raines Brynne , Nino Charles A. , Tran Brian , Harold Alexis , Hodges Onishi Gabrielle , Hinderman Matthew , Dowdican Amanda , Huang Wei , Taylor Derek J. , Taylor Sarah E. , Jackson Mark W. , DiFeo Analisa , O’Connor Caitlin M. , Narla Goutham
Published: February 2025

Supp Figure 3
Figure 6 from Modeling Drug Responses and Evolutionary Dynamics Using Patient-Derived Xenografts Reveals Precision Medicine Strategies for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Shea Abigail , Eyal-Lubling Yaniv , Guerrero-Romero Daniel , Manzano Garcia Raquel , Greenwood Wendy , O’Reilly Martin , Georgopoulou Dimitra , Callari Maurizio , Lerda Giulia , Wix Sophia , Giovannetti Agnese , Masina Riccardo , Esmaeilishirazifard Elham , Cope Wei , Martin Alistair G. , Nagano Ai , Young Lisa , Kupczak Steven , Cheng Yi , Bardwell Helen , Provenzano Elena , Kane Justine , Lay Jonny , Grybowicz Louise , McAdam Karen , Caldas Carlos , Abraham Jean , Rueda Oscar M. , Bruna Alejandra
Published: February 2025

In vivo treatment causes permanent changes to a tumor’s drug response profile. A, Experimental framework of in vivo and ex vivo drug response profiling. B, High-throughput drug screening data of dissociated PDTX cells. AUC plots display the response of each tumor to drugs tested ex vivo. Color indicates the in vivo treatment to which each tumor was previously exposed. C, Dose–response curves of models 1040 (top) and 1141 (bottom) to olaparib and BMN-673. Plots compare the untreated PDTX tumors (black) to those previously treated in vivo with CT (red). D, Experimental framework to test alternative sequencing strategies of CT and olaparib in vivo using model 1040. Untreated PDTX tumors and those previously treated with CT or olaparib were each passaged into three cohorts of mice. These mice were left untreated or subsequently exposed to CT or olaparib. E, Estimated mean tumor growth for each experimental group. Panels display previous treatment groups (first-line treatment), and lines within each panel display the cohort of second-line treatment. F, Estimated log-daily growth rate of PDTX tumors, as predicted by the linear mixed models. Column panels display previous treatment groups (first-line treatment), and lines within each panel display the cohort of second-line treatment. G, Predicted tumor (log) volume at treatment end of each cohort treated sequentially with no treatment, CT, or olaparib based on the linear mixed models. Panels display previous treatment groups (first-line treatment), and boxes within each panel display the cohort of second-line treatment.
Supp Figure 12 from Mutant PP2A Induces IGFBP2 Secretion to Promote Development of High-Grade Uterine Cancer
Authors: Haanen Terrance J. , Boock Sophie , Callahan Catherine G. , Peris Irene , Zawacki Kaitlin P. , Raines Brynne , Nino Charles A. , Tran Brian , Harold Alexis , Hodges Onishi Gabrielle , Hinderman Matthew , Dowdican Amanda , Huang Wei , Taylor Derek J. , Taylor Sarah E. , Jackson Mark W. , DiFeo Analisa , O’Connor Caitlin M. , Narla Goutham
Published: February 2025

Supp Figure 12
Figure 5 from Modeling Drug Responses and Evolutionary Dynamics Using Patient-Derived Xenografts Reveals Precision Medicine Strategies for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Shea Abigail , Eyal-Lubling Yaniv , Guerrero-Romero Daniel , Manzano Garcia Raquel , Greenwood Wendy , O’Reilly Martin , Georgopoulou Dimitra , Callari Maurizio , Lerda Giulia , Wix Sophia , Giovannetti Agnese , Masina Riccardo , Esmaeilishirazifard Elham , Cope Wei , Martin Alistair G. , Nagano Ai , Young Lisa , Kupczak Steven , Cheng Yi , Bardwell Helen , Provenzano Elena , Kane Justine , Lay Jonny , Grybowicz Louise , McAdam Karen , Caldas Carlos , Abraham Jean , Rueda Oscar M. , Bruna Alejandra
Published: February 2025

Olaparib treatment causes permanent phenotypic changes due to TF reprogramming. A, Heatmap displaying z-score (scaled by row) of the top 250 strong and variable genes. Clustering analysis performed using Euclidean distances. Columns indicate PDTX samples (labeled by mouse number). B, Top 10 significant gene sets by normalized enrichment score (NES) between untreated and post-treated samples, identified by GSEA (Hallmark gene sets). DN, down. C, IHC for phenotypic markers. D, Western blot for E-cadherin and vimentin. E, scRNA-seq data of all cells analyzed post-QC. Color indicates cell states (groups of MCs). F, Average gene expression (number of UMIs per 1,000 UMIs) of key markers across MCs. G, Percentage of cells from each condition that reside in each cell state. Immune-Act, immune activation. H, Top, epithelial and mesenchymal scores for individual MCs. Bottom, MC composition of each strata using mesenchymal minus epithelial scores to stratify MCs into 5 groups (EMT1–5). I, Top, mesenchymal and IER scores for individual MCs. Bottom, MC composition of each strata using the IER score to stratify MCs into 4 groups (IER1–4). J and K, Mean enrichment (log2 gene enrichment score) across strata for TFs of interest: EMT1–5 (J) and IER1–4 (K).
Supp Figure 10 from Mutant PP2A Induces IGFBP2 Secretion to Promote Development of High-Grade Uterine Cancer
Authors: Haanen Terrance J. , Boock Sophie , Callahan Catherine G. , Peris Irene , Zawacki Kaitlin P. , Raines Brynne , Nino Charles A. , Tran Brian , Harold Alexis , Hodges Onishi Gabrielle , Hinderman Matthew , Dowdican Amanda , Huang Wei , Taylor Derek J. , Taylor Sarah E. , Jackson Mark W. , DiFeo Analisa , O’Connor Caitlin M. , Narla Goutham
Published: February 2025

Supp Figure 10
Figure 3 from Modeling Drug Responses and Evolutionary Dynamics Using Patient-Derived Xenografts Reveals Precision Medicine Strategies for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Shea Abigail , Eyal-Lubling Yaniv , Guerrero-Romero Daniel , Manzano Garcia Raquel , Greenwood Wendy , O’Reilly Martin , Georgopoulou Dimitra , Callari Maurizio , Lerda Giulia , Wix Sophia , Giovannetti Agnese , Masina Riccardo , Esmaeilishirazifard Elham , Cope Wei , Martin Alistair G. , Nagano Ai , Young Lisa , Kupczak Steven , Cheng Yi , Bardwell Helen , Provenzano Elena , Kane Justine , Lay Jonny , Grybowicz Louise , McAdam Karen , Caldas Carlos , Abraham Jean , Rueda Oscar M. , Bruna Alejandra
Published: February 2025

PDTXs identify patient-specific drug responses and model patient- and treatment-specific regrowth dynamics. A, Experimental framework to test drug responses to alternative treatments and regrowth dynamics. B and C, Mean difference in daily growth rate between the treated and untreated groups during treatment (B) and after treatment has ceased (C). D and E, TV growth curves displaying linear mixed model fits of PDTX models 1040 (left) and 1141 (right) during treatment (D) and after treatment has ceased (E). T–UT, treated–untreated.