bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An audit of frozen sections for suspected gastrointestinal malignancies in a tertiary referral hospital in India
Authors: Jadhav Akshaya S. , Deodhar Kedar K. , Ramadwar Mukta , Bal Munita , Kumar Rajiv , Goel Mahesh , Saklani Avanish , Shrikhande Shailesh V.
Published: August 2024

Background:

Frozen Sections (FS) are used to assess margins, for staging, and primary diagnosis. FS guide intraoperative treatment decisions in oncological gastro-intestinal tract surgeries and further management of the patients.

Aim:

To analyze the distribution, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of frozen sections in gastrointestinal pathology in our institution during the period of 3 years (2016–2018).

Material and Methods:

This study was an audit to determine the accuracy of FS reports by comparing them with the paraffin section (PS) reports. The FS diagnoses and their PS diagnoses were noted in 1704 gastrointestinal surgeries during the period from 2016 to 2018. Discrepancies were noted and slides of discrepant cases were reviewed to determine the cause. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were calculated using the standard formulae.

Results:

Out of 1704 cases, correct diagnosis on frozen section was made in 1649 cases (96.77%), 20 (1.17%) were deferred cases, and 35 (2.05%) were discrepant cases. The commonest discrepancies were seen in the primary diagnosis of the gall bladder and gastrectomy margins. The commonest causes for discrepancies were interpretation errors and technical errors. Sensitivity was 91.71%, specificity was 99.69%, positive predictive value was 98.84%, negative predictive value was 97.68%, and accuracy was 97.92%.

Conclusion:

FS diagnosis is a reliable guide to surgeons for intraoperative management. Studying deep cuts and careful sampling at frozen sections will help reduce discrepancies.
Acute panmylelosis with myelofibrosis - A rare case report with review of literature
Authors: Dahiya Surbhi , Kotwal Jyoti , Langer Sabina , Saraf Amrita , Prakhar Pallavi , Gupta Deepika , Gupta Nitin , Arya Vandana
Published: August 2024

Acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis (APMF) corresponds to <1% cases of acute myeloid leukemia, which could be an underestimation due to missed diagnosis. Due to its rapidly fatal course, it warrants a timely and correct diagnosis. We present a case of a 44-year male who came with a short history of fever, generalised weakness, revealed pancytopenia with occasional circulating blast in the peripheral blood smear. Bone marrow aspirate was dry tap,biopsy revealed panmyelosis with myelofibrosis with increased (22%) blasts. Flowcytometric immunophenotyping, cytogenetics and molecular tests were undertaken. Together with clinical details, immunophenotypic profile, cytogenetics and molecular studies, the diagnosis of Acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis was made and managed accordingly. 32 The WHO 2017 describes APMF as an acute panmyeloid proliferation with increased blasts (≥20% in the bone marrow or peripheral blood) and accompanying marrow fibrosis. APMF is rare with poor prognosis thus, must be differentiated especially from Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia to arrive at the correct diagnosis which will help reduce/prevent the early mortality by providing timely chemotherapy followed by upfront hemopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Melanosis tubae et ovarii
Authors: Rath Ashutosh , Priyadarshini Bhagyashree , Mallya Varuna , Khurana Nita , Tempe Anjali
Published: August 2024

Melanosis is a rare benign entity defined by the deposition of brownish-black pigment in a wide variety of organs especially the gastrointestinal tract, peritoneum, fallopian tubes and ovaries. Melanosis of the fallopian tube is widely known as pigmentosis tubae. Literature has mentioned ovarian teratomas and serous cystadenomas to be associated with the ovarian and peritoneal melanosis. We report five such cases of tubo-ovarian melanosis. The cases include mature teratoma and serous cystadenoma as well as melanosis of the fallopian tubes with otherwise normal ovarian histology. The importance of recognising this entity lies in its differential diagnosis.
Correlation between Ki-67 labeling index and mitotic index in Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Deepa Das C. K , Balakrishnan Sunitha
Published: August 2024

Background:

Proliferative activity of any tissue or neoplasm can be determined by its growth rate by mitotic count or by using antibodies directed against specific antigens like Ki-67. The usefulness of Ki-67 in head and neck cancers has been debated for the past 20 years; however, no study has definitively resolved this controversy.

Aim:

Assess the correlation between Ki-67 expression and mitotic index in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was performed in 66 histologically proven cases of Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) received in a histopathology laboratory and satisfied the specified criteria. Tumor was graded. Mitotic and Ki67 labeling index was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using appropriate techniques to determine the correlation coefficient.

Results:

A statistically significant difference in the Ki67 labeling index (LI) between the grades of the tumor proper was noted (P = 0.040). An increase in the mean mitotic index with histological grade was noted, which was statistically significant in the proliferating margin (P = 0.037). A statistically significant positive correlation was noted between Ki67 LI and mitotic index in tumor proper (r = 0.263, P = 0.033) and proliferative margin (r = 0.364, P = 0.003).

Conclusion:

Mitotic index, a rapid and affordable tool for assessing cellular proliferation, becomes more relevant and practically effective when used in conjunction with Ki-67. Combined analysis of the two indices can be useful in the early diagnosis of possibly malignant lesions and in predicting tumor behavior.
Omental desmoplastic small round cell tumor with metastasis
Authors: Yelamanchi Raghav , Yadav Ekta , Gupta Nikhil , Ahuja Arvind , Chauhan D. S.
Published: August 2024

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a very rare diagnosis with about 200 cases reported in literature. DSRCT is a recently described histopathological entity by Gerald and Rosai in 1989. Abdominopelvic cavity especially peritoneum is the most common site. We report a case of a huge omental DSRCT with lymph node metastasis which was initially misdiagnosed as gastrointestinal stromal tumor on radiology. A 26-year-old male presented with complaints of upper abdominal swelling associated with constant dull pain. On examination there was a large 15 × 12 cm intraabdominal mass in the epigastric and umbilical region. Imaging studies were suggestive of neoplastic mesenchymal etiology. Image-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was suggestive of mesenchymal neoplastic etiology. On laparotomy, there was a huge 20 × 15 cm mass arising from omentum with multiple omental and mesenteric seedlings and mesenteric, peripancreatic and perigastric lymphadenopathy. The patient underwent debulking surgery with uneventful post-operative recovery. Histopathological examination with immunohistochemistry revealed a diagnosis of DSRCT of omentum and small bowel mesentery with lymph node metastasis. Patient then received adjuvant chemotherapy with multiple chemotherapeutic drugs as per P6 protocol and has stable disease at 1 year follow up.
Molecular stratification of high-grade urothelial carcinoma by immunohistochemistry with its histomorphological and clinical correlation
Authors: Gupta Gurudutt , Gupta Rajee , Pasricha Sunil , Sharma Anila , Durga Garima , Kamboj Meenakshi , Tripathi Rupal , Mehta Anurag
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Urothelial carcinoma poses a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The recent classification of Tumors of Urinary System by World Health Organization fourth edition) has elucidated its molecular subtypes and its associated prognostic significance.

Methods:

We used immunohistochemistry marker expression (CK5/6, CK20, CD44, EGFR) as a surrogate marker, to stratify 150 cases of high-grade urothelial carcinoma into the intrinsic molecular subtypes. A correlation was also done with immunohistochemical markers p53, p21, E-cadherin and Ki-67.

Results:

On subtyping, 47.3% cases were basal, 42.7% luminal and 10% remained unclassified. We did not find GATA3 useful for molecular stratification in our study. Muscle invasion was seen in 59% of basal and 31% of luminal subtype (P = 0.016). Squamous differentiation was most commonly associated with basal subtype (P < 0.001). EGFR expression was seen in 62% of basal and 38% of luminal subtype (P = 0.014), and thus can be used as an additional marker for molecular stratification. Overexpression of p53 was seen in 64% cases of muscle invasive and 36% of non-muscle invasive high-grade carcinomas (P < 0.0001). An inverse relationship was observed between p53 and p21 immunoexpression (r = –0.494) (P < .0001). The overall survival at 1- and 2-year interval was more in the luminal subtype, suggesting an early mortality in basal group, (P = 0.827), and at 6 years both the groups had almost similar results.

Conclusion:

High-grade urothelial carcinoma is challenging in terms of therapeutic strategy. Increased understanding of underlying molecular basis helps identifying targetable treatment options, and newer biomarkers will enhance predictive and prognostic stratification.
Mucosal melanoma: A series of seven cases and review of literature
Authors: Aashita  , Yadav Vikas , Sharma Rajiv , Mishra Hemendra , Choudhury Apratim R. , Thakur Pragyat
Published: August 2024

Background:

Mucosal melanoma (MM) is the uncontrolled proliferation of melanocytes originating from the mucosal surface. MM is rare and comprises 0.3% of all cancers.

Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed records of 6582 cases who reported to our center from June 1, 2017 to May 31, 2022. Only seven cases of mucosal melanoma were found among them.

Results:

In this article, we have reported seven cases of mucosal melanoma that presented over a period of 5 years. A comparison of mucosal and cutaneous melanoma has been done.

Conclusion:

MM is an aggressive tumor with a dismal prognosis. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, targeted and immunotherapy are various treatment options; however, prognosis remains less favorable as timely diagnosis is difficult.
The role of GADD45G methylation in endometrial cancer: Insights into CDK1/CCNB1 activation and therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Wang Chunxiao , Shan Shuzhi , Li Xinjun , Wang Huifang , Qi Jie , Zhao Sufen
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Accumulating evidence suggests the significant involvement of GADD45G in the development of various cancers. This study investigates GADD45G’s involvement and methylation status in endometrial cancer (EC), along with molecular mechanisms and potential therapies.

Methods:

The expression of GADD45G in EC tissues and controls was evaluated using RNA-seq, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and western blotting (WB). Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) evaluated GADD45G’s methylation status. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) prediction identified potential interactors of GADD45G, and co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) confirmed GADD45G interact with Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and cyclin B1 (CCNB1). Several cell behavior assays were conducted in both in vitro and in vivo settings to comprehensively understand the impact of GADD45G dysregulation in EC.

Results:

Our findings revealed a significant decrease in the expression of GADD45G in endometrial cancer tissues and cells, which was attributed to its methylation status. Reduced GADD45G expression correlated with increased invasive behaviors in EC cells. Furthermore, GADD45G negatively regulated CDK1 and CCNB1, promoting invasive behaviors at transcript and protein levels.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated that the downregulation of GADD45G, mediated by methylation, facilitates the invasive behaviors of EC cells through interaction with the CDK1/CCNB1. These findings enhance understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying endometrial cancer and suggest potential therapeutic strategies targeting GADD45G for treatment.
Tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomic analysis of metformin’s inhibitory effects on ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Wang Dongyue , Wang Jingchen , Cui Yingying
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

Metformin (MET), a type 2 diabetes treatment, has attracted increased attention for its potential antitumor properties; however, the precise mechanism underlying this activity remains unclear. Our previous in vivo and in vitro studies revealed MET’s inhibitory effect on ovarian cancer, with the synergistic effects of MET and the MDM2 inhibitor RG7388 contributing to ovarian cancer treatment. This study further explores the mechanism underlying MET’s inhibition of ovarian cancer.

Materials and Methods:

Following MET treatment, we analyzed the differentially expressed proteins in ovarian cancer cells using a tandem mass tag (TMT)-based proteomic approach coupled with bioinformatics.

Results:

Using A2780 and SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells, we identified six upregulated and two downregulated proteins after MET treatment. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these proteins predominately affect ovarian cancer cells by regulating iron ion transport, iron ion homeostasis, and mitochondrial and ribosomal functions. Validation via western blot confirmed MET-induced elevation of hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase type 2 (BDH2) protein expression levels in A2780 and SKOV3 cells.

Conclusions:

Overall, our findings suggest that combining MET with other metabolic drugs, such as iron-chelating agents and mitochondrial inhibitors, may result in synergistic antitumor effects, thereby offering novel avenues for ovarian cancer treatment development.
Lymph node metastasis in grossly apparent early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer: A retrospective clinical study at a tertiary institute
Authors: Zhu Menghan , Li Jun , Lu Lijuan , Duan Jie , Jiang Wei
Published: August 2024

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and predict the risk factors of lymph node (LN) metastasis among patients with grossly apparent early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed the clinicopathologic data and follow-up information of 266 patients who underwent LN dissection for apparent early-stage EOC between January 2018 and September 2022 at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University.

Results:

Among 266 patients, 44 (16.5%) showed LN metastasis, of which 65.9% and 59.1% presented in the pelvic region and para-aortic region, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed higher LN positivity in patients with high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), preoperative imaging suggestive of LN metastasis, bilateral adnexal involvement, lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), positive peritoneal cytology, and clinical stage IIA. LN metastases were identified in 7.9%, 10.2%, and 39.7% of clinical stage IA/B, IC, and IIA disease cases, respectively. Multivariate analysis confirmed significantly higher LN positivity rates in patients with HGSC, LVSI, and clinical stage IIA. In clinical stage IIA EOC, the 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 65.8% and 77.4% (P = 0.360) for LN-negative and LN-positive groups, respectively. In clinical stage I EOC, the 3-year PFS rates were 93.5% and 59.4% (P < 0.001) for LN-negative and LN-positive groups, respectively.

Conclusions:

High-grade serous histology, LVSI, and clinical stage IIA disease are predictive factors for LN involvement in early-stage EOC. In addition, LN metastasis appears to be associated with worse PFS in clinical stage I EOC compared with clinical stage IIA EOC.
Investigating the accuracy of machine vision and augmented reality in percutaneous computed tomography-guided interventions: A phantom study
Authors: Huang Bingyu , Wei Yizhi , Zhang Bing , Chen Jin , Guo Rui , Zhou Steven Zhiying , Lin Zhigang , Lin Zhengyu
Published: August 2024

Objectives:

This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of percutaneous computed tomography (CT)-guided puncture based on machine vision and augmented reality in a phantom.

Materials and Methods:

The surgical space coordinate system was established, and accurate registration was ensured using the hierarchical optimization framework. Machine vision tracking and augmented reality display technologies were used for puncture navigation. CT was performed on a phantom, and puncture paths with three different lengths were planned from the surface of the phantom to the metal ball. Puncture accuracy was evaluated by measuring the target positioning error (TPE), lateral error (LE), angular error (AE), and first success rate (FSR) based on the obtained CT images.

Results:

A highly qualified attending interventional physician performed a total of 30 punctures using puncture navigation. For the short distance (4.5–5.5 cm), the TPE, LE, AE, and FSR were 1.90 ± 0.62 mm, 1.23 ± 0.70 mm, 1.39 ± 0.86°, and 60%, respectively. For the medium distance (9.5–10.5 cm), the TPE, LE, AE, and FSR were 2.35 ± 0.95 mm, 2.00 ± 1.07 mm, 1.20 ± 0.62°, and 40%, respectively. For the long distance (14.5–15.5 cm), the TPE, LE, AE, and FSR were 2.81 ± 1.17 mm, 2.33 ± 1.34 mm, 0.99 ± 0.55°, and 30%, respectively.

Conclusion:

The augmented reality and machine vision-based CT-guided puncture navigation system allows for precise punctures in a phantom. Further studies are needed to explore its clinical applicability.
Chinese guidelines for integrated diagnosis and treatment of intestinal microecology technologies in tumor application (2024 Edition)
Authors: Wang Qiang , He Mingxin , Liang Jing , Tan Xiaohua , Wu Qingming , Wang Jun , Li Xiaoan , Qiao Mingqiang , Huang Ziming , Xie Qi , Liu Zhe , Ren Hua , Wang Liang , Zhou Hao , Shao Liang , Shu Rong , Wu Wei , Yang Wenyan , Wang Hua , Sun Zhiqiang , Xu Xiaojun , Zhang Xingding , Li Zhiming , Zhang Yu , Meng Jingye , Zhu Yanli , Chen Feng , Qu Rong , Chen Peng , Li Shuluan , Shi Yuanyuan , Mao Xin , Hu Bichuan , Zhang Yukui , Cao Yu J. , Guo Zhi ,   The Tumor and Microecology Professional Committee of the Chinese Anti-cancer Association
Published: August 2024

Intestinal microecology (IM) is the largest and most important microecological system of the human body. Furthermore, it is the key factor for activating and maintaining the physiological functions of the intestine. Numerous studies have investigated the effects of the gut microbiota on the different tissues and organs of the human body as well as their association with various diseases, and the findings are gradually being translated into clinical practice. The gut microbiota affects the occurrence, progression, treatment response, and toxic side effects of tumors. The deepening of research related to IM and tumors has opened a new chapter in IM research driven by methods and technologies such as second-generation sequencing and bioinformatics. The IM maintains the function of the host immune system and plays a pivotal role in tumor-control drug therapy. Increasing evidence has proven that the efficacy of tumor-control drugs largely depends on the IM balance, and strategies based on the IM technology show promising application prospects in the diagnosis and treatment of tumor. The Tumor and Microecology Professional Committee of the Chinese Anti-cancer Association gathered relevant experts to discuss and propose the “Chinese guidelines for integrated diagnosis and treatment of IM technologies in tumor application (2024 Edition),” which was established based on the research progress of the application of the IM technology in tumor to provide a basis for the standardization of the diagnosis and treatment of the IM technology in the tumor.
Evaluation of robotic-assisted navigation system for CT-guided thoracic and abdominal lesion puncture: A prospective clinical study
Authors: Jing Yifan , Zhang Jian , Jin Yong , Bai Xuming
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

The study aims to compare the accuracy and safety of robotic-assisted navigation puncture to freehand puncture during computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous needle insertion in the chest and abdomen.

Methods:

A total of 60 patients required percutaneous puncture procedures, with 40 involving the chest and 20 involving the abdomen. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to two groups. The test group punctured using a robotic-assisted navigation system, whereas the control group punctured manually. The primary outcome assessment standards are single puncture success rates, with the number of needle modifications and CT scan timings during the procedure serving as supplementary outcome evaluation standards. The Wilcoxon rank sum test is used for the comparison.

Results:

The puncture procedure’s success rates after just one puncture: The test group punctures accurately without adjusting the puncture needle, while the control group uses an average number of 1.73 ± 1.20 pins. The once-puncture success rate of robot navigation puncture is considerably higher than that of bare-handed puncture (P < 0.001). The times of CT scan are necessitated when the puncture is in place: the average times in the test group is 3.03 ± 0.18 times, while the control group is 4.70 ± 1.24 times.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the robotic-assisted navigation system improves puncture accuracy while reducing the need for needle corrections during percutaneous puncture procedures. It also shortens CT scans and reduces radiation exposure from X-rays.
PADI3 inhibits epithelial–mesenchymal transition by targeting CKS1-induced signal transduction in colon cancer
Authors: Chai Zhengbin , Zhu Changhui , Wang Xiwei , Zheng Yingying , Han Fabin , Xie Qi , Liu Chunyan
Published: August 2024

Background:

Protein arginine deiminase 3 (PADI3) is involved in various biological processes of human disease. PADI3 has recently received increasing attention due to its role in tumorigenesis. In a previous study, we found that PADI3 plays a tumor suppressor role in colon cancer by inducing cell cycle arrest, but its critical role and mechanism in cancer metastasis remain obscure. In this study, we fully studied the role of PADI3 in colon cancer cell metastasis.

Methods:

The expression levels of related proteins were detected by Western blotting, and Transwell and wound healing assays were used to examine the cell migration ability. Flow cytometry was used to measure and exclude cell apoptosis-affected cell migration. Both overexpression and rescue experiments were employed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of CKS1 in colon cancer cells.

Results:

The expression levels of PADI3 and CKS1 are negatively related, and PADI3 can promote CKS1 degradation in a ubiquitin-dependent manner. PADI3 can suppress colon cancer cell migration and reduce the wound healing speed by inhibiting CKS1 expression. The molecular mechanism showed that CKS1 can promote EMT by increasing Snail and N-cadherin expression and suppressing E-cadherin expression. PADI3, as a suppressor of CKS1, can block the process of EMT by impairing CKS1-induced Snail upregulation and E-cadherin downregulation; however, the expression of N-cadherin cannot be rescued.

Conclusions:

CKS1 promotes EMT in colon cancer by regulating Snail/E-cadherin expression, and this effect can be reversed by PADI3 via the promotion of CKS1 degradation in a ubiquitylation-dependent manner.
Expert consensus on the multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment of multiple ground glass nodule-like lung cancer (2024 Edition) ∆
Authors: Liu Baodong , Ye Xin , Fan Weijun , Zhi Xiuyi , Ma Haitao , Wang Jun , Wang Peng , Wang Zhongmin , Wang Hongwu , Wang Xiaoping , Niu Lizhi , Fang Yong , Gu Shanzhi , Lu Qiang , Tian Hui , Zhu Yulong , Qiao Guibin , Zhong Lou , Wei Zhigang , Zhuang Yiping , Liu Hongxu , Liu Lingxiao , Liu Lei , Chi Jiachang , Sun Qing , Sun Jiayuan , Sun Xichao , Yang Nuo , Mu Juwei , Li Yuliang , Li Chengli , Li Chunhai , Li Xiaoguang , Li Kang’an , Yang Po , Yang Xia , Yang Fan , Yang Wuwei , Xiao Yueyong , Zhang Chao , Zhang Kaixian , Zhang Lanjun , Zhang Chunfang , Zhang Linyou , Zhang Yi , Chen Shilin , Chen Jun , Chen Kezhong , Chen Weisheng , Chen Liang , Chen Haiquan , Fan Jiang , Lin Zhengyu , Lin Dianjie , Xian Lei , Meng Zhiqiang , Zhao Xiaojing , Hu Jian , Hu Hongtao , Liu Chen , Liu Cheng , Zhong Wenzhao , Yu Xinshuang , Jiang Gening , Jiao Wenjie , Yao Weirong , Yao Feng , Gu Chundong , Xu Dong , Xu Quan , Ling Dongjin , Tang Zhe , Huang Yong , Huang Guanghui , Peng Zhongmin , Dong Liang , Jiang Lei , Jiang Junhong , Cheng Zhaoping , Cheng Zhigang , Zeng Qingshi , Jin Yong , Lei Guangyan , Liao Yongde , Tan Qunyou , Zhai Bo , Li Hailiang
Published: August 2024

This expert consensus reviews current literature and provides clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of multiple ground glass nodule-like lung cancer. The main contents of this review include the following: ① follow-up strategies, ② differential diagnosis, ③ diagnosis and staging, ④ treatment methods, and ⑤ post-treatment follow-up.
Guidelines for power and time variables for microwave ablation in porcine lung in vitro
Authors: Cai Hongchao , Shan Guanglian , Wei Zhigang , Zhao Wenhua , Xue Guoliang , Zhang Chao , Ye Xin
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

Determination of the appropriate ablative parameters is the key to the success and safety of microwave ablation (MWA) of lung tumors. The purpose of this study was to provide guidelines and recommendations for the optimal time and power for lung tumor MWA.

Material and Methods:

MWA using a 2450-MHz system was evaluated in a porcine lung. The independent variables were power (30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 W) and time (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 min), and the outcome variable was the volume of ablation. Lung tissues were procured after MWA for measurement and histological evaluation. Analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis, followed by least significant difference (LSD) t-tests where appropriate. A P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

The outcome variable (ablative volume) was significantly affected by time, power, and time/power interaction (P < 0.05). When the total output energy was kept constant, the combination of higher power and shorter time obtained a larger ablative volume, especially in the low- and medium-energy groups (P < 0.01).

Conclusions:

We propose guidelines for ablative volume based on different time and power variables to provide a reference for clinical applications.
Surgery or radiotherapy improves survival in elderly patients with early non-small cell lung cancer: A population-based analysis
Authors: Shi Pingfan , Li Ziye , Zhang Yanfei , Shen Changxing , Xia Qing , Cao Chuanwu , Li Ming , Fan Lihong
Published: August 2024

Objective:

There is a lack of evidence to support a consensus on whether surgery or radiotherapy is optimal for elderly or very elderly patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to assess the impact of surgery or radiotherapy on survival in elderly (≥70 years) and very elderly (≥80 years) patients with early-stage NSCLC.

Methods:

Patients aged ≥70 years diagnosed with early-stage NSCLC between January 1, 1975, and December 31, 2018, were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were assessed based on surgery, radiotherapy, and no-treatment groups.

Results:

Data for 15,224 NSCLC patients aged ≥70 years were collected, which consisted of 6949 (45.6%) patients who underwent surgery alone, 5014 (32.9%) who underwent radiotherapy alone, and 3261 (21.5%) who received no treatment. Surgery significantly improved patient survival compared with no treatment (MST: 74 months vs. 7 months, HR: 0.201, 95% CI: 0.186–0.217, P < 0.001), as did radiotherapy (MST: 28 months vs. 7 months, HR: 0.440; 95% CI: 0.413–0.469, P < 0.001). Surgery also resulted in improved survival compared with radiotherapy (74 months vs. 28 months, HR: 0.455; 95% CI: 0.430–0.482, P < 0.001). A similar conclusion was made from the analysis of CSS. A subgroup analysis further confirmed the survival benefits.

Conclusions:

The results of this large-scale retrospective study indicate that both surgery and radiotherapy significantly enhance survival outcomes in patients aged ≥70 or ≥80 years with early-stage NSCLC. The survival benefits of surgery were particularly notable.
Morphological Variations of the Liver and Its Applied Significance
Authors: Sangeetha A. , Kumar S. Nandha
Published: August 2024

Background:

Morphological features of the liver serve as important landmarks for radiologists and surgeons in the diagnosis and interpretations of liver diseases. Accessory fissures and accessory lobes often mislead the clinicians in the diagnosis of liver pathologies.

Aim:

This study is aimed to determine the morphological variations of the liver and implicate its clinical significance.

Materials and Methods:

The present study was conducted in the department of anatomy, with 50 formalin-fixed livers obtained from the cadavers of both sexes. Morphological surface features were observed, photographed, and studied.

Results:

About 22 (44%) livers showed variations such as accessory fissures (24%) present in the right, left, caudate, and quadrate lobe. Diaphragmatic fissures or grooves were seen in 10 (20%). Pons hepatis was seen in 3 (6%) livers. Riedels lobe was seen in 4 (8%), and the absence of quadrate lobe was seen in 1 (2%) specimen.

Conclusion:

The knowledge of abnormality in surface features of the liver is clinically significant and will help the radiologists and surgeons in the interpretation of normal and abnormal liver.
A Study to Assess the Cognitive Functions and the General Health in Patients with Substance Dependence
Authors: Bhusri Leezu , Bathla Manish , Gupta Parul , Singh Angad Harshbir
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Cognitive function has been addressed as a hallmark feature of substance use disorders, with alteration in “executive” domains of attention, inhibition/regulation, working memory, and decision-making. Poor cognition or cognitive dysfunction has been recognized as a fundamental impairment in addiction and a potentially important target for intervention. The present study was planned with the aim to assess the cognitive functions and general health in patients with substance dependence and also to correlate general health with the level of cognitive function.

Methodology:

Ninety participants were included in the study and were categorized into three groups of thirty each as patients taking alcohol, opioids, and nicotine. Consecutive sampling was adopted for the sample collection. Each participant was assessed for dependence, demographic data, and tested by the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination Scale-III and General Health Questionnaire-12. Descriptive statistics were applied to calculate the frequencies, percentage, mean, median, and standard deviation. Data were further analyzed for significance using the Chi-square, correlation, and Mann–Whitney test.

Results:

There is a statistically significant difference seen in marital status (P = 0.005), education (P = 0.001), family type (P = 0.008), and locality (P = 0.000). Furthermore, with substance use, there is a significant change in the domains of general health with P < 0.001, and there is a significant decline in sustaining attention with P = 0.007.

Conclusion:

Thus, we conclude that substance use has a significant negative impact on cognition mainly attention and working memory with the impact on general health as well.
Self-Reported Morbidities Among Software Professionals – A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Patnaik Lipilekha , Pattanaik Sumitra , Sahu Trilochan
Published: August 2024

Background:

In the modern era, persons working in software companies are increasing, and there is an emergence of computer-related health problems.

Objectives:

The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of various morbidities among software professionals and to assess the factors associated with these problems.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study of 4 months from March 2016 to June 2016 was conducted among software professionals. Two hundred and sixty software professionals in the current job for the past 1 year were included in the study. A Google form was created through Google drive of the primary investigator. The E-mail id of persons working in software companies was collected through friends, relatives, and Internet. One person can send one response option was selected. The Google form was sent to their mail id with a request to forward the Google form to their contacts working in software.

Results:

Among the study participants, 53.8% of persons feel they were having health problems due to prolonged computer use. More than 70% had visual problems such as eye pain, eye strain, eye redness, blurring of vision, or watery eyes. It was observed, 63% of software professionals had some type of musculoskeletal problems. About 40% had headaches frequently and 47% had gastrointestinal problems. About 67.7% feel stressed due to their prolonged work and 35% feel depressed. A significant association was found between participants with visual and musculoskeletal complaints using antiglare screen and soft keypads and those not using, respectively.

Conclusion:

Ocular discomfort, musculoskeletal disorders, and psychosocial problems were main health problems among constant computer users which needs urgent intervention.
An Epidemiological Study on Road Traffic Accidents at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Eastern India
Authors: Sharma Sumita , Patnaik Lipilekha , Mohanty Sambedana , Sahu Trilochan
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Accidents and injuries are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. According to the World Health Organization, 1.35 million deaths occurred due to road traffic accident (RTA) globally in every year. In India, fatality rate of road accidents is twenty times higher than developed countries.

Objectives:

The objective of this study is to assess the epidemiological factors responsible for RTA and to know the pattern of accidents.

Materials and Methods:

A hospital-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among RTA victims admitted at a tertiary care hospital of Odisha from August to November 2019. The data were collected by using predesigned and pretested interview schedule and analyzed with the help of SPSS 20.

Results:

Out of 147 accident victims, 81% were male; mean age was 36.6 ± 13.67 years. Maximum accidents (43.5%) had taken place between 11 a.m. and 5 p.m. Bike-riders (81.6%) were the major victim involved in accidents followed by pedestrian (9.5%) and cyclist (8.9%). Among bike riders, 44.16% did not wear helmet during accident and 3.33% did not have a valid driving license. About 25.2% were due to alcohol intake. Unusual behavior of animals and defective road contributed around 10.2% and 16.90%, respectively. Among injuries, the most common was laceration (38.1%) followed by abrasion (22.4%). Fracture was found in 7.5% cases. Most common sites involved were head, face, upper limb, and lower limb.

Conclusion:

Public awareness should be initiated regarding various factors associated with RTA and measures to prevent accidents.
Workplace anxiety due to COVID-19
Authors: Waghmare Sushant Kishore
Published: August 2024

COVID-19 has impacted the way work is conducted across the globe. In this unprecedented pandemic, people, processes, and employers have had to re-assess the way work is conducted. However, it is also evident that these changes have not been applied throughout all the organizations. A sample of 150 employees comprising of 100 males and 50 females was collected from various organizations such as banks, retail, health care, information technology, and education. The sample was segregated according to gender and an independent samples t-test was performed to assess whether there is a statistically significant difference between them with respect to fourteen factors which may lead to workplace anxiety. These 14 factors were identified through a comprehensive review of literature. The results showcase that with respect to the factors of irritability, access to equipment and communication and communication tools are the areas where there is a statistically significant difference between male and female perceptions.
Landau Kleffner Syndrome – Revisited
Authors: Sujana Chitturi Sai , Meshram Revat
Published: August 2024

Landau Kleffner syndrome (LKS)/acquired epileptic aphasia classically develops in healthy children who acutely or progressively loose receptive and expressive language ability coincidentally with the appearance of paroxysmal Electro Enchepalo gram (EEG) changes. At present, LKS is considered as a part of the syndrome of electrical status epilepticus in sleep, which is also known as continuous spike and wave during slow wave sleep. It is a rare childhood neurological syndrome. In this article, hereby, we report a case of a 7-year-old female child with LKS and unique characteristics.
Comparative study of epilepsy registry system in America, England, Australia, and Iran
Authors: Chitsaz Ahmad , Nopour Sahar , Bagherian Hossein , Ajami Sima
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

Disease registries are one of the important steps in the development of health information systems. The aim of this study was to compare epilepsy registration systems in the United States, England, and Australia and propose a National Epilepsy Registry System for Iran.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This study was a descriptive–comparative study conducted between 2020 and 2023, which involved the following steps: identification and selected countries with advanced registry systems in the world and Identification of their characteristics and comparison with each other. The research population included the epilepsy registration registry in Australia, England, the United States, and Iran. In this study, data were collected from forms, observations, and documents.

RESULTS:

In Australia, all databases, reports, and minimum datasets are electronically sent to the Australian Epilepsy Register. In England, the Epilepsy Society is responsible for collecting information. In the United States, all individuals with epilepsy voluntarily send their information to registry centers and the Epilepsy Society to help with their treatment. However, there is no national epilepsy registry system in Iran. Therefore, recommendations have been made to establish.

CONCLUSION:

Registration systems can help collect and analyze data related to all patients with a particular disease. When this registration is established at the national level, it becomes a valuable clinical tool for improving the quality of care and can be a significant step toward managing care for epilepsy patients and healthcare centers. Indeed, such a system can also help in preventing the onset of epilepsy and planning for the improvement of the quality of life for patients.
Human papillomavirus vaccination intention and its associated factors among female medical college students in Hubei, China: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Yang Huan , Yangyuen Suneerat , Sombateyotha Kemika
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

The uptake rate of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in China is low, including among college students. In addition, medical students are the target population for the HPV vaccine, but they have poor uptake of the HPV vaccine. This study aimed to investigate factors related to HPV vaccination intention among female medical college students in Hubei Province.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 988 female medical college students from six colleges in Hubei Province with a multistage sampling method. The data were collected by web-based online software. Multiple logistic regression was applied to explore the factors associated with the intention of HPV vaccination.

RESULTS:

The majority of students (85.5%) reported a high level of intention to receive HPV vaccine, about 82.3% have a willingness to pay (WTP) for HPV vaccine, and 51.5% reported that family members had never received the HPV vaccine. The students who had higher scores of knowledge of HPV, HPV infection prevention awareness, the protection motivation theory (PMT)-related factors including perceived severity, perceived response efficacy, perceived self-efficacy, and WTP for the HPV vaccine had higher intention to receive HPV vaccine.

CONCLUSION:

HPV vaccination intention was high in medical students. Also, it was influenced by knowledge of HPV, PMT-related factors, and WTP for HPV vaccine. Thus, consideration of these factors is important to design the HPV vaccination campaign that can increase the intention to receive HPV vaccine, which in turn may increase the HPV vaccination.
Changes in sleep, physical activity, and health behaviors among Nigerian fasting adults in Ramadan during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Tsiga-Ahmed Fatimah Isma’il , Sulaiman Sahabi Kabir , Musa Muhammad Saleh , Hussein Aminu , Ahmad Saidu Idris , Jalo Rabiu Ibrahim , Faris MoezAlIslam , BaHammam Ahmed S , Javaid Syed Fahad , Khan Moien AB
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

There is limited data on sleep, physical activity, and health-related behaviors among the general public during Ramadan, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess the factors associated with sleep and physical activity changes among Nigerian Muslims during Ramadan fasting.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A nationwide web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among Nigerians aged ≥18 years who performed diurnal fasting during Ramadan. The target sample size was obtained using Fisher’s formula, and snowball sampling was employed. Adapted versions of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form and Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II were used to evaluate sleep and physical activity. Correlates of change in physical activity and sleep quality were assessed using logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS:

Seven hundred and seventy individuals participated in the study. During Ramadan, 39.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 35.6%–42.6%) reported decreased physical activity, and 56.6% (95% CI; 53.0%–60.2%) stated having self-reported good sleep. The independent correlates of physical activity were female sex (adjusted odds ratio (aOR):0.5, 95% CI: 0.4–0.8), having very good sleep (aOR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2–0.7), and obesity (aOR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1–3.7). In addition, factors associated with improved self-reported sleep quality were perceived good health state (aOR: 8.8, 95% CI: 1.1–72.4), sleeping 7–9 h per day (aOR: 5.5, 95% CI: 2.6–10.3), and sleeping for over 9 h per day (aOR: 4.6, 95% CI: 2.1–14.1).

CONCLUSIONS:

Although physical activity decreased by about a third, over half of the respondents lost weight and slept well during Ramadan. Strategies to include intermittent fasting in positive lifestyle changes could improve the health and well-being of the population.
The predictors of lower limbs varicose veins among healthcare providers
Authors: Salem Aziza M. , Massadeh Arwa B. , Alfarajat Loai , Masa’deh Rami
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

Lower limb varicose veins (LLVVs) are a common problem that mostly occurs among healthcare professionals, especially nurses. While the direct cause of LLVVs is not known at present, its predictors have been identified in the literature. The objective of this study is to identify the predictors of LLVVs among nurses in Jordan.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in Jordan in the period between August 2022 and December 2022. This study was carried out on 407 nurses. The participants were recruited in the study using convenience sampling. LLVVs and predictors were analyzed using binominal logistic regression. The percentage of having LLVVs was 30.7%.

RESULT:

Results showed that having a family history of LLVVs and older age were significant predictors of developing LLVVs among both male and female nurses. For male nurses, longer shift hours were a significant independent predictor of developing LLVVs, where increased number of deliveries, less sitting time, and increased weight were significant independent predictors of developing LLVVs among female nurses.

CONCLUSION:

This study highlighted the predictors of LLVVs among nurses, which can be considered in improving the lifestyle and quality of life of nurses in the long term.
Healthcare professionals’ needs when providing perinatal bereavement care: A qualitative study
Authors: Atashsokhan Giti , Farjamfar Maryam , Khosravi Ahmad , Taher Mahboobe , Abadian Khadige , Keramat Afsaneh
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

Caring for and supporting bereaved parents with fetal loss requires preparation, training, and attention to a set of needs of health workers to provide optimal services. This is although it has been less addressed in the educational curriculum and in-service training. This study aims to investigate the experiences of Iranian healthcare professionals regarding the needs related to the care of bereaved parents with perinatal loss.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This research was a qualitative study conducted in Shahroud City, Iran, to explore healthcare professionals’ needs from June 2021 to December 2022. Semi-structured in-depth interviews on purposive sample of 14 participants were conducted. The participants were care providers who worked in OB-GYN ward, general midwifery clinics, and a private office. The interviews were recorded verbatim, transcribed, and analyzed using an inductive content analysis. MAXQDA software version 10 was used for data analysis. Granheim and Lundman’s approach was used to analyze the data.

RESULTS:

Two major themes, four categories, and nine subcategories emerged. The themes included the “existence of protective laws and policies” and “skill and training needs.” Protective laws and policies included “Government Rules and guidelines” and “organizational Rules protecting the individual.” Skills and training needs consisted of two categories: “communication skills” and “Self-Care needs.”

CONCLUSIONS:

Educational policies, development of guidelines for the care of bereaved mothers based on culture, training programs for dealing with bereaved parents, providing self-care programs for employees, and improving the physical and emotional conditions of the workplace were among the needs expressed by the participants. Meeting the needs of healthcare professionals is effective in job satisfaction, feeling of value, and high quality of services for bereaved parents.
Evidence on the effectiveness of value-based payment schemes implemented in a hospital setting: A systematic review
Authors: Mokhtary Shahriyar , Janati Ali , Yousefi Mahmood , Raei Behzad
Published: August 2024

Value-based payment is among payment models rewarding health care providers for achieving pre-defined targets of quality or efficiency measures of care. This paper aims to identify the evidence of the effectiveness of value-based payment schemes implemented in hospital settings. A systematic review of databases for studies published from 2000 to 2022 that evaluated VBP programs was conducted. We searched four databases including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Sciences in July 2023. Studies were screened and assessed for eligibility. A thematic analysis approach was used to synthesize and summarize the findings. Overall, 29 articles looking into the VBP programs have been included. Most articles describe the effects on the outcome of care (n = 18). The findings of a great deal of evidence in this field show that VBP is not correlated with some outcome measures including hospital-acquired conditions, 30-day mortality, mortality trends, as well as mortality among patients with acute myocardial infarction or heart failure. Only three of 12 studies have revealed a positive relationship between a P4P program and efficiency. Seven studies from the United States (US) found no evidence or mixed findings on the effects of P4P on efficiency. The magnitude of the effects of VBP on healthcare quality, patient experience, and costs has often been small and non-significant. The unintended negative impact of incentives in value-based payment on hospitals should be tackled when adopting policies and decisions.