bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demo hour
Authors: Kao Cindy Hsin-Liu , Johns Paul , Roseway Asta , Czerwinski Mary , Priyadarshana Lahiru Lakmal , Porter Victoria , Carrascal Juan Pablo , Visser Aaron , Vertegaal Roel , Homewood Sarah , Smith Gillian , Grow April , Liu Chenxi , Albaugh Lea , Mankoff Jen , McCann Jim
Published: July 2016

Interactivity is a unique forum of the ACM CHI conference that showcases more than 50 cutting-edge demonstrations and inspirational interactive installations from the diverse group of researchers, designers, and artists that make up the CHI community. These works were chosen to engage audiences intellectually, imaginatively, and physically to create a critical discourse for the future of HCI.

Julie R. Williamson, Amanda M. Williams, Sean White, and Cesar Torres, CHI 2016 Interactivity Chairs
Visualizing Natural Language Descriptions
Authors: Hassani Kaveh , Lee Won-Sook
Published: July 2016

A natural language interface exploits the conceptual simplicity and naturalness of the language to create a high-level user-friendly communication channel between humans and machines. One of the promising applications of such interfaces is generating visual interpretations of semantic content of a given natural language that can be then visualized either as a static scene or a dynamic animation. This survey discusses requirements and challenges of developing such systems and reports 26 graphical systems that exploit natural language interfaces and addresses both artificial intelligence and visualization aspects. This work serves as a frame of reference to researchers and to enable further advances in the field.
Architects of information
Authors: Dalton Sheep , Schnädelbach Holger , Varoudis Tasos , Wiberg Mikael
Published: July 2016

Interaction design is increasingly about embedding interactive technologies in our built environment; architecture is increasingly about the use of interactive technologies to reimagine and dynamically repurpose our built environment. This forum focuses on this intersection of interaction and architecture.
--- Mikael Wiberg, Editor
How to survive creating an intergenerational co-design group
Authors: Yip Jason C. , Arnold Lindsey , Gallo Alysse , Lee Kung Jin , Pitt Caroline , Sobel Kiley , Chen Sijin
Published: July 2016

In this forum we celebrate research that helps to successfully bring the benefits of computing technologies to children, older adults, people with disabilities, and other populations that are often ignored in the design of mass-marketed products.
--- Juan Pablo Hourcade, Editor
Limitations of Deterministic Auction Design for Correlated Bidders
Authors: Caragiannis Ioannis , Kaklamanis Christos , Kyropoulou Maria
Published: July 2016

The seminal work of Myerson (Mathematics of OR ’81) characterizes incentive-compatible single-item auctions among bidders with independent valuations. In this setting, relatively simple deterministic auction mechanisms achieve revenue optimality. When bidders have correlated valuations, designing the revenue-optimal deterministic auction is a computationally demanding problem; indeed, Papadimitriou and Pierrakos (STOC ’11) proved that it is APX-hard, obtaining an explicit inapproximability factor of 1999/2000 = 99.95%. In the current article, we strengthen this inapproximability factor to 63/64 ≈ 98.5%. Our proof is based on a gap-preserving reduction from the M
ax
-NM 3SAT problem; a variant of the maximum satisfiability problem where each clause has exactly three literals and no clause contains both negated and unnegated literals. We furthermore show that the gap between the revenue of deterministic and randomized auctions can be as low as 13/14 ≈ 92.9%, improving an explicit gap of 947/948 ≈ 99.9% by Dobzinski, Fu, and Kleinberg (STOC ’11).
Out-of-Band Covert Channels—A Survey
Authors: Carrara Brent , Adams Carlisle
Published: July 2016

A novel class of covert channel, out-of-band covert channels, is presented by extending Simmons’
prisoners’ problem
. This new class of covert channel is established by surveying the existing covert channel, device-pairing, and side-channel research. Terminology as well as a taxonomy for out-of-band covert channels is also given. Additionally, a more comprehensive adversarial model based on a knowledgeable passive adversary and a capable active adversary is proposed in place of the current adversarial model, which relies on an oblivious passive adversary. Last, general protection mechanisms are presented, and an argument for a general measure of “covertness” to effectively compare covert channels is given.
Unsupervised Clustering Under Temporal Feature Volatility in Network Stack Fingerprinting
Authors: Shamsi Zain , Loguinov Dmitri
Published: July 2016

Maintaining and updating signature databases is a tedious task that normally requires a large amount of user effort. The problem becomes harder when features can be distorted by observation noise, which we call volatility. To address this issue, we propose algorithms and models to automatically generate signatures in the presence of noise, with a focus on stack fingerprinting, which is a research area that aims to discover the operating system (OS) of remote hosts using TCP/IP packets. Armed with this framework, we construct a database with 420 network stacks, label the signatures, develop a robust classifier for this database, and fingerprint 66M visible webservers on the Internet.
Generalized Threshold-Based Epidemics in Random Graphs
Authors: Garetto Michele , Leonardi Emilio , Torrisi Giovanni Luca
Published: July 2016

Bootstrap percolation is a well-known activation process in a graph, in which a node becomes active when it has at least r active neighbors. Such process, originally studied on regular structures, has been recently investigated also in the context of random graphs, where it can serve as a simple model for a wide variety of cascades, such as the spreading of ideas, trends, viral contents, etc. over large social networks. In particular, it has been shown that in G(n,p) the final active set can exhibit a phase transition for a sub-linear number of seeds. In this paper, we propose a unique framework to study similar sub-linear phase transitions for a much broader class of graph models and epidemic processes. Specifically, we consider i) a generalized version of bootstrap percolation in G(n,p) with random activation thresholds and random node-to-node influences; ii) different random graph models, including graphs with given degree sequence and graphs with community structure (block model). The common thread of our work is to show the surprising sensitivity of the critical seed set size to extreme values of distributions, which makes some systems dramatically vulnerable to large-scale outbreaks. We validate our results running simulation on both synthetic and real graphs.
Social Clicks
Authors: Gabielkov Maksym , Ramachandran Arthi , Chaintreau Augustin , Legout Arnaud
Published: July 2016

Online news domains increasingly rely on social media to drive traffic to their websites. Yet we know surprisingly little about how a social media conversation mentioning an online article actually generates clicks. Sharing behaviors, in contrast, have been fully or partially available and scrutinized over the years. While this has led to multiple assumptions on the diffusion of information, each assumption was designed or validated while ignoring actual clicks. We present a large scale, unbiased study of
social clicks
---that is also the first data of its kind---gathering a month of web visits to online resources that are located in 5 leading news domains and that are mentioned in the third largest social media by web referral (Twitter). Our dataset amounts to 2.8 million shares, together responsible for 75 billion potential views on this social media, and 9.6 million actual clicks to 59,088 unique resources. We design a reproducible methodology and carefully correct its biases. As we prove, properties of clicks impact multiple aspects of information diffusion, all previously unknown:(i) Secondary resources, that are not promoted through headlines and are responsible for the long tail of content popularity, generate more clicks both in absolute and relative terms; (ii) Social media attention is actually long-lived, in contrast with temporal evolution estimated from shares or receptions; (iii) The actual influence of an intermediary or a resource is poorly predicted by their share count, but we show how that prediction can be made more precise.
A Necessary and Sufficient Condition for Throughput Scalability of Fork and Join Networks with Blocking
Authors: Zeng Yun , Chaintreau Augustin , Towsley Don , Xia Cathy H.
Published: July 2016

Due to emerging applications such as cloud computing and big data analytics, modern information processing systems are growing increasingly large and complex. A critical issue concerns the throughput performance as the system grows in size. This paper models distributed information processing systems as fork and join queueing networks with blocking. We identify necessary and sufficient conditions for throughput scalability of such fork and join networks as they grow in size. Previous studies have either focused on special structured networks such as tandem or tree networks, or provided only necessary conditions for throughput scalability. In this paper, we show that such necessary conditions are not sufficient. We present a key topological concept called ``minimum level" of the underlying graph, and develop lower and upper bounds for the throughput of arbitrary FJQN/Bs. The bounds depend on network degree, minimum level, deterministic cycle time, buffer sizes, and service time distributions, but not on network size. We show that level-boundedness and degree-boundedness are necessary and sufficient conditions to guarantee that the throughput of an FJQN/B is bounded away from zero as network size goes to infinity.
Reducing Latency Through Page-aware Management of Web Objects by Content Delivery Networks
Authors: Puzhavakath Narayanan Shankaranarayanan , Nam Yun Seong , Sivakumar Ashiwan , Chandrasekaran Balakrishnan , Maggs Bruce , Rao Sanjay
Published: July 2016

As popular web sites turn to content delivery networks (CDNs) for full-site delivery, there is an opportunity to improve the end-user experience by optimizing the delivery of entire web pages, rather than just individual objects. In particular, this paper explores page-structure-aware strategies for placing objects in CDN cache hierarchies. The key idea is that the objects in a web page that have the largest impact on page latency should be served out of the closest or fastest caches in the hierarchy. We present schemes for identifying these objects and develop mechanisms to ensure that they are served with higher priority by the CDN, while balancing traditional CDN concerns such as optimizing the delivery of popular objects and minimizing bandwidth costs. To establish a baseline for evaluating improvements in page latencies, we collect and analyze publicly visible HTTP headers that reveal the distribution of objects among the various levels of a major CDN's cache hierarchy. Through extensive experiments on 83 real-world web pages, we show that latency reductions of over 100 ms can be obtained for 30% of the popular pages, with even larger reductions for the less popular pages. Using anonymized server logs provided by the CDN, we show the feasibility of reducing capacity and staleness misses of critical objects by 60% with minimal increase in overall miss rates, and bandwidth overheads of under 0.02%.
Joint Data Purchasing and Data Placement in a Geo-Distributed Data Market
Authors: Ren Xiaoqi , London Palma , Ziani Juba , Wierman Adam
Published: July 2016

This paper studies design challenges faced by a geo-distributed cloud data market: which data to purchase (data purchasing) and where to place/replicate the data (data placement). We show that the joint problem of data purchasing and data placement within a cloud data market is NP-hard in general. However, we give a provably optimal algorithm for the case of a data market made up of a single data center, and then generalize the structure from the single data center setting and propose Datum, a near-optimal, polynomial-time algorithm for a geo-distributed data market.
A Better Model for Task Assignment in Server Farms
Authors: Harchol-Balter Mor
Published: July 2016

An age-old problem in the design of server farms is the choice of the task assignment policy. This is the algorithm that determines how to assign incoming jobs to servers. Popular policies include Round-Robin assignment, Join-the-Shortest-Queue, Join-Queue-with-Least-Work, and so on. While much research has studied assignment policies, little has taken into account server-side variability -- the fact that the server we choose might be temporarily and unpredictably slow. We show that when server-side variability dominates runtime, replication of jobs can be very beneficial. We introduce the Replication-d algorithm that replicates each arrival to d servers chosen at random, where the job is considered "done" as soon as the first replica completes. We provide an exact closed-form analysis of Replication-d.

We next introduce a much more general model, one which takes both the inherent job size distribution and the server-side variability into account. This is a departure from traditional queueing models which only allow for one "size" distribution. We propose and analyze a new task assignment policy, Replicate-Idle-Queue (RIQ), which is designed to perform well given these dual sources of variability.
Targeting ceramide metabolism in obesity
Authors: Aburasayn Hanin , Al Batran Rami , Ussher John R.
Published: July 2016

Obesity is a major health concern that increases the risk for insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and cardiovascular disease. Thus, an enormous research effort has been invested into understanding how obesity-associated dyslipidemia and obesity-induced alterations in lipid metabolism increase the risk for these diseases. Accordingly, it has been proposed that the accumulation of lipid metabolites in organs such as the liver, skeletal muscle, and heart is critical to these obesity-induced pathologies. Ceramide is one such lipid metabolite that accumulates in tissues in response to obesity, and both pharmacological and genetic strategies that reduce tissue ceramide levels yield salutary actions on overall metabolic health. We will review herein why ceramide accumulates in tissues during obesity and how an increase in intracellular ceramide impacts cellular signaling and function as well as potential mechanisms by which reducing intracellular ceramide levels improves insulin resistance, T2D, atherosclerosis, and heart failure. Because a reduction in skeletal muscle ceramide levels is frequently associated with improvements in insulin sensitivity in humans, the beneficial findings reported for reducing ceramides in preclinical studies may have clinical application in humans. Therefore, modulating ceramide metabolism may be a novel, exciting target for preventing and/or treating obesity-related diseases.
Differences between Estimation and Real Performance in School-Age Children: Fundamental Movement Skills
Authors: Almeida Gabriela , Luz Carlos , Martins Rui , Cordovil Rita
Published: July 2016

Observations in studies of estimation compared to actual performance in motor skills revealed that children are not always accurate and have a tendency to overestimate the maximum distance at which an action can be performed. The relationship between estimated and real motor competences was analyzed for several tasks: standing long jump (SLJ), throwing and kicking, and walking backwards (WB) on a balance beam. Children were asked to predict their maximum distance prior to performing those tasks. Participants were 303 children (160 boys), which were between 6 and 10 years of age (M=8.63, SD=1.16). Children’s estimations were compared with their real performance to determine their accuracy. Absolute error (|real performance − estimation|) and error tendency, that is, the direction of the error (overestimation, accuracy, and underestimation bias), were calculated. Children had a tendency to overestimate their performance and were more conservative in the WB task, a noncommon action. In general, it is possible to conclude that children, in the studied age span, tend to overestimate their performance, particularly in familiar skills. This fact may be determinant to the development of their motor competences, since they are more likely to engage and persist in motor tasks, but it might also be a problem in terms of child safety because it could increase the occurrence of unintended injuries.
Metastatic Malignant Melanoma of Parotid Gland with a Regressed Primary Tumor
Authors: Kılıçkaya M. Mustafa , Aynali Giray , Ceyhan Ali Murat , Çiriş Metin
Published: July 2016

Malignant melanoma of the parotid gland is often metastatic and mainly originates from malignant melanomas in the head and neck. Nevertheless, some malignant melanomas may metastasize and subsequently regress. Therefore, it may not be possible to observe a metastatic malignant melanoma and its primary melanoma simultaneously. The investigation of a patient’s old photographs may help in the detection of preexisting and regressed pigmented lesions in the facial and neck regions.
Effect of Al on Microstructure and Properties of Hot-Rolled 2205 Dual Stainless Steel
Authors: Meng Qian , La Peiqing , Yao Liang , Zhang Peng , Wei Yupeng , Guo Xin
Published: July 2016

The microstructure, mechanical properties, oxidation, and corrosion resistance of 2205 stainless steels without and with Al in a range of 0.5 to 2.5 wt.% were investigated in this paper. The results showed that the matrix phase transformed from austenite to ferrite. The volume fraction of the ferrite in the steels decreased at first and then increased and was the lowest in the steel with 0.5 wt.% Al. Most of the Al was dissolved in the ferrite and austenite phases in the steels. The ultimate tensile strength and elongation rate of the steels increased at first and then decreased with the increasing Al content, with the highest values in the steel with 0.5 wt.% Al. The yield strength of the steels slightly increased from 544 to 607 MPa due to the addition of Al. The oxidation rates of the steels with Al were much lower than that of the steel without Al, and the rate of the steel with 1.5 wt.% Al was the lowest, approximately 10 times lower than that of the steel without Al. The corrosion rates of the steels with 0.5 and 1.0 wt.% Al were slightly higher than that of the alloy without Al. In general, the steel with 1 wt.% Al had optimal properties.
Norm-Minimized Scattering Data from Intensity Spectra
Authors: Seel Alexander , Davtyan Arman , Pietsch Ullrich , Loffeld Otmar
Published: July 2016

We apply thel1minimizing technique of compressive sensing (CS) to nonlinear quadratic observations. For the example of coherent X-ray scattering we provide the formulas for a Kalman filter approach to quadratic CS and show how to reconstruct the scattering data from their spatial intensity distribution.
The Aortic Isthmus: A Significant yet Underexplored Watershed of the Fetal Circulation
Authors: Tynan Dominique , Alphonse Jennifer , Henry Amanda , Welsh Alec W.
Published: July 2016

The aortic isthmus (AoI) is a unique fetal watershed with a waveform reflecting its complex haemodynamic physiology. The systolic component represents left and right ventricular systolic ejection, and the diastolic component represents comparative downstream vascular impedance between the brachiocephalic and subdiaphragmatic fetal circulations. Several indices have been devised to quantify different components of the waveform, including the pulsatility index, resistance index, isthmic flow index, and recently the isthmic systolic index. There have been promising preliminary studies applying these indices to both cardiac (congenital) and extracardiac pathologies, including intrauterine growth restriction and twin-twin transfusion syndrome. However, the waveform's multifactorial origin has proven to be challenging, and the difficulty in separating various components of the waveform could explain that AoI evaluation does not have a clear clinical utility. Further research is underway to realise the full potential of this vessel in fetal cardiac and haemodynamically compromised pathological conditions. In this review article we outline the physiological origin of this Doppler waveform, describe in detail the various published indices, summarise the published literature to date, and finally outline potential future research and hopefully clinical applications.
Association of Thrombocytopenia and Mortality in Critically Ill Patients on Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Guru Pramod K. , Singh Tarun D. , Akhoundi Abbasali , Kashani Kianoush B.
Published: July 2016

Background: Both acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring dialysis and thrombocytopenia are very common and have been independently associated with mortality and morbidity in critically ill patients. Thrombocytopenia is an independent risk factor for AKI and also a marker of disease severity. There is a paucity of literature on the prevalence, incidence, and outcome of thrombocytopenia in patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). We aimed at identifying the impact of thrombocytopenia on patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) with AKI requiring CRRT. Methods: We retrospectively studied consecutive adult patients admitted to the ICU from December 9, 2006 through December 31, 2009, with follow-up for 12 months who received CRRT. Thrombocytopenia was defined as platelet counts of <150,000/µl and severe thrombocytopenia as platelet counts of <50,000/µl. Outcomes were mortality and length of stay, both in ICU and hospital. Descriptive summary and multivariable regression model were used for data analyses. Results: Out of the 541 patients studied, thrombocytopenia was observed in 350 (65%) prior to the initiation of CRRT, and 107 (20%) developed it after CRRT was started. The average age of patients was 61 ± 15; 328 (61%) were men. Sepsis was present in more than half of the patients requiring CRRT. We found a graded increase (p = 0.01) in ICU mortality with worsening platelet counts; 33, 40, and 51% of patients died in ICU with platelet counts ≥150,000/μl, 50,000-149,000/μl, and ≤50,000/µl, respectively. Thrombocytopenia prior to the initiation of CRRT and severe thrombocytopenia prior to and following the initiation of CRRT were associated with increased ICU mortality (p = 0.01). Conclusions: Thrombocytopenia is very common in ICU patients who are on CRRT, and both thrombocytopenia prior to the start of CRRT and severe thrombocytopenia developing after the initiation of CRRT significantly impact patient survival. Future large-scale prospective studies will help to explore the role of platelet in prognostication of outcome among CRRT patients.
The Martyrdom of Jirjis (Muzāḥim): Hagiography and Coptic Orthodox Imagination in Early Fatimid Egypt
Authors: Swanson Mark N.
Published: July 2016

The tenth-century neomartyr Jirjis (called Muzāḥim before his conversion to Christianity and baptism) is well known from the précis of his Martyrdom preserved in the Copto-Arabic Synaxarion (entry for 19 Baʾūna). The full text of the Martyrdom (as preserved in the fourteenth-century manuscript Cairo, Coptic Museum, History 469) allows us to date Muzāḥim’s imprisonments and execution to the year 978. If, as is probable, the Martyrdom was composed soon afterwards, it is a valuable witness to intercommunal relations and to processes of Coptic identity-definition in the early Fatimid period in Egypt. It draws the Christian-Muslim (and even Coptic-Melkite) boundaries as clearly as possible, offering a no-nuance evaluative stance that is in startling contrast with the more ecumenical approach of the sources preserved in The History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria.
Analysis of Mesoscale Atmospheric Flows above Mature Deep Convection Using Super Rapid Scan Geostationary Satellite Data
Authors: Apke Jason M. , Mecikalski John R. , Jewett Christopher P.
Published: July 2016

Super Rapid Scan Operations for the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) R series (SRSOR) using GOES-14 have made experimentation with 1-min time-step data possible prior to the launch of the new satellite. A mesoscale atmospheric motion vector (mAMV) program is utilized in SRSOR with a Barnes analysis to produce objectively analyzed flow fields at the cloud tops of deep convection. Two nonsupercell and four supercell storm cases are analyzed. Data from the SRSOR mAMV analysis are compared with both multi-Doppler analyses when available and idealized convection cases within the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model framework. It is found that using SRSOR data provides several additional trackable targets to produce mAMVs in rapidly “bubbling” regions at the deep convective cloud-top level not previously available at lower temporal resolutions (<1 min). Results also show that supercell storm cases produce long-lived maxima in SRSOR cloud-top divergence (CTD) and “couplet” signatures in cloud-top vorticity (CTV), which when compared with idealized WRF Model simulations appear to form as a result of environmental horizontal vorticity tilting. Nonsupercell convection in contrast produced weaker, short-lived CTD signatures and no “CTV couplet” signatures. These case study results suggest that with SRSOR data it might be possible to uniquely identify supercells using only mAMV-derived flow fields.
The Role of Ocean Heat Transport in the Global Climate Response to Projected Arctic Sea Ice Loss
Authors: Tomas Robert A. , Deser Clara , Sun Lantao
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the individual and combined roles of thermodynamic and dynamic ocean–atmosphere coupling in the equilibrium global climate response to projected Arctic sea ice loss using a suite of experiments conducted with Community Climate System Model, version 4, at 1° latitude–longitude spatial resolution. The results highlight the contrasting spatial structures and partially compensating effects of thermodynamic and dynamic coupling. In combination, thermodynamic and dynamic coupling produce a response pattern that is largely symmetric about the equator, whereas thermodynamic coupling alone yields an antisymmetric response. The latter is characterized by an interhemispheric sea surface temperature (SST) gradient, with maximum warming at high northern latitudes decreasing toward the equator, which displaces the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and Hadley circulation northward. In contrast, the fully coupled response shows enhanced warming at high latitudes of both hemispheres and along the equator; the equatorial warming is driven by anomalous ocean heat transport convergence and is accompanied by a narrow equatorward intensification of the northern and southern branches of the ITCZ. In both cases, the tropical precipitation response to Arctic sea ice loss feeds back onto the atmospheric circulation at midlatitudes via Rossby wave dynamics, highlighting the global interconnectivity of the coupled climate system. This study demonstrates the importance of ocean dynamics in mediating the equilibrium global climate response to Arctic sea ice loss.
Constructing a sense of commitment in ‘Living Apart Together’ (LAT) relationships: Interpretive agency and individualization
Authors: Kobayashi Karen M , Funk Laura , Khan Mushira Mohsin
Published: July 2016

LAT (Living Apart Together) relationships involve two people in a long-term intimate relationship who choose to live in separate households. Due to their tendency to lack structural commitments and rely on emotional bonds, LAT relationships can be viewed as a manifestation of individualization. Despite the increasing social acceptability of non-traditional partnerships, in many ways LAT relationships are still seen as deviant (and lacking commitment) by outsiders. This article draws on interpretive analyses of interviews with 28 LAT couples in two Canadian cities to explore how participants exercise agency and construct a sense of commitment in their relationships under these conditions (e.g. responding to generalized and particular others). In general, the LAT couples in this study described their commitments as strong, and as rooted in sexual fidelity, mutual exchanges of support, affection, with a long-term orientation, a willingness to work through difficulties and a shared history. Some ambivalence in discussing commitment can be explained with reference to participants’ strong desire to maintain independence within the relationship. This study represents one of the first in-depth examinations of LAT relationships undertaken in Canada.
A behavioral intervention promoting physical activity in people with subacute spinal cord injury: secondary effects on health, social participation and quality of life
Authors: Nooijen Carla FJ , Stam Henk J , Sluis Tebbe , Valent Linda , Twisk Jos , van den Berg-Emons Rita JG
Published: July 2016

Objective:

To assess, for people with subacute spinal cord injury, if rehabilitation that is reinforced with the addition of a behavioral intervention to promote physical activity leads to a better health, participation and quality of life.

Design:

Randomized controlled trial.

Setting:

Rehabilitation centers.

Participants:

A total of 39 participants analyzed (45 included), with subacute spinal cord injury in inpatient rehabilitation, dependent on a manual wheelchair (33% tetraplegia, 62% motor complete, 150 ±74 days postinjury).

Intervention:

A behavioral intervention promoting physical activity after discharge, involving 13 individual sessions delivered by a coach trained in motivational interviewing, beginning two months before and ending six months after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation.

Main measures:

Physical capacity as determined during a maximal exercise test, body mass index, blood pressure, fasting lipid profile, and social participation (IMPACT-S) and quality of life (SF-36) were determined using questionnaires. Measurements were performed two months before discharge, at discharge, and six and 12 months after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. B represents the between-group difference.

Results:

Twelve months after discharge, significant intervention effects were found for diastolic blood pressure (B = –11.35 mmHg, 95% CI = –19.98 to −2.71), total cholesterol (B = –0.89 mmol/L, 95% CI = –1.59 to −0.20), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (B = −0.63 mmol/L, 95% CI = –1.25 to −0.00) and participation (B = 9.91, 95% CI = 3.34 to 16.48).

Conclusions:

A behavioral intervention promoting physical activity after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation improves social participation and seems to reduce risk factors for cardiovascular disease in people with subacute spinal cord injury.
The moral foundations of Adam Smith’s transitional society: Reappraising Foucault’s representations of wealth and Marx’s reconstruction of value theory
Authors: Versieren Jelle
Published: July 2016

Foucault was preoccupied with Smith’s alteration of the concept of labor as a unique representation of wealth. Smith, contrary to his contemporaries, posited labor as the determining sign that represents money and exchange and designates the economic existence of all signs of wealth. Foucault stated that Smith took the incipient step from the old science of wealth to the modern political economy. However, it is equally important to discern the fact that Smith did not separate his economic content from his overall concern about morality. When transposing Foucault’s analysis of wealth onto Smith’s moral science, Foucault’s fundamental conclusion is reaffirmed: that Smith developed his theory of a moral subject, simultaneously engaged in laboring and exchanging processes, within the classical episteme. At the same time, Smith attempted to revise this episteme and gave indications about its epistemological limitations. On the one hand, Marx’s historical-critical approach underlines the ideological tensions between a text as a material product of historical social relations and the ideological appropriation and restructuring of the text by the present-day dominant class. On the other hand, it traces the inherent logical contradiction and omissions of the text. This approach demonstrates Smith’s affinities with the eighteenth-century science of man and that the transition towards capitalism determined both his value theory and his moral system.
A novel ember shower simulator for assessing performance of low porosity screens at high wind speeds against firebrand attacks
Authors: Sharifian Ahmad , Hashempour Javad
Published: July 2016

Previous studies have shown the effectiveness of low porosity and double-layer screens against radiant heat flux from fires. The performance of screens against firebrand attack is also required to be assessed prior to making a decision on their possible application in wildland fire prone areas. The available laboratory-scale devices simulate firebrands at wind speeds less than those of severe firebrand attacks. A relatively low cost, laboratory-scale fire ember shower simulator has been designed and manufactured in-house. The simulator is able to assess the performance of low porosity screens at high wind speeds without any reverse flow and possible consequent safety hazards and offers reasonable control over the size and mass of the generated firebrands.
Relationships Between Mental Health, Skill Sets, and Violence Perpetration Among Adolescent Girls
Authors: Philippe Calae D. , Gloppen Kari , Sieving Renee E. , Borowsky Iris W. , Pettingell Sandra L.
Published: July 2016

This study examines relationships between emotional health, stress management skills, fight-avoidance skills, and two forms of violence perpetration among adolescent girls at high risk for violence involvement. Participants ( n = 253) were 13- to 17-year-old girls enrolled in a randomized controlled trial. The current study was completed with baseline data collected prior to the start of the intervention. Analyses examined self-report outcome measures of physical violence perpetration in the past 6 months (five-item scale, α = .79) and relational aggression perpetration in the past 30 days (six-item scale, α = .77). Independent variables included baseline measures of self-esteem (four-item scale, α = .89), emotional distress (six-item scale, α = .89), stress management skills (eight-item scale, α = .86), and fight avoidance skills (five-item scale, α = .70). Multivariate regression models predicted each form of violence perpetration controlling for age, race/ethnicity, violence victimization, and clustering of participants within clinics. Initial bivariate results showed that stress management skills and fight avoidance skills were inversely and significantly related to perpetration of both relational and physical violence. Emotional distress was related to significantly higher levels of both violence outcomes. In contrast, self-esteem was not significantly related to either violence outcome. Multivariate analyses revealed that stress management skills and fight avoidance skills were significantly protective against perpetration of both relational aggression and physical violence. In conclusion, findings suggest that clinicians providing services to adolescent girls involved in high risk behaviors assess and foster girls’ development of stress management and fight avoidance skills to help reduce their risk of involvement in relational violence and physical fighting.
The School Counselor and STEM Career Development
Authors: Falco Lia D.
Published: July 2016

There is an increasing concern that the demand for science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) workers in the United States will exceed the supply. In the United States, very few students, and underrepresented students in particular, are pursuing STEM educational and occupational goals that underscores the need for school counselors to understand how to maximize opportunities for student success in STEM. Understanding the factors that influence students’ academic and career choices early on is necessary in order to provide effective interventions and responsive services that will have a positive impact on students’ future STEM career outcomes. Using social-cognitive career theory as a framework, this article synthesizes pertinent research on student STEM engagement, so that school counselors will be better able to support STEM career development for all students, especially those from historically underrepresented groups. Implications for school counseling practice are discussed.
Photocatalytic activity of π-conjugated conducting polymer microspheres from ultrasonic spray pyrolysis
Authors: Liu Yangshuo , Li Ming , He Chiyang
Published: July 2016

Conductive polymers have considerable interest on degradation of pollutants from textile wastewaters and appear as a new class of active photocatalysts under visible light. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), as one of π-conjugated conducting polymer microspheres, is highly efficient catalyst in textile pollutant degradation. Ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method was used to produce spherical PEDOT particles in one step. The novel PEDOT-based photocatalysts are very stable with cycling and can be reused without appreciable loss of activity. Ag–ZnO nanocatalysts are not effective photocatalysts as compared to highly porous microspheres of PEDOT. After 240 min total processing time for the solution of phenol and RR180 under Vis irradiation, the performances of 71.6% and 78.2% for degradation and 68.3% for total organic carbon removal of RR180 were reached in the presence of the porous PEDOT photocatalysts.
Development of methodology for the disassemblability index of automobile systems using a structural approach
Authors: James Ajith Tom , Gandhi Om Parkash , Deshmukh Sanjeev Govindrao
Published: July 2016

The time and effort required for maintenance of an automobile system are highly dependent on its disassemblability, which is one of the most important attributes of its maintainability. To evaluate the disassemblability index, i.e. to measure the ease of disassembly, the disassemblability factors (both the design factors and the contextual factors) of an automobile system are identified. These and their interrelations are modelled by considering their structure using the graph theory. The directed graph (digraph) of the disassemblability of the automobile system is defined; the nodes of this represent its disassemblability factors, while the edges represent their degrees of influence. An equivalent matrix of the digraph establishes the system’s disassemblability function which characterizes the disassemblability of the system, leading to development of the disassemblability index. A high value of the disassemblability index indicates that it is very easy to remove or replace parts. The disassemblability index ratio is used to compare the actual conditions of disassembly with the ideal conditions of disassembly. A case study of an automobile gearbox is illustrated using the step-by-step procedure of the proposed methodology of disassemblability. The proposed methodology is helpful to evaluate and compare various alternative designs of the automobile system and, therefore, can aid the design and development of automobile systems from the disassembly viewpoint.
Technology-enhanced suicide prevention interventions: A systematic review
Authors: Kreuze Elizabeth , Jenkins Carolyn , Gregoski Mathew , York Janet , Mueller Martina , Lamis Dorian A , Ruggiero Kenneth J
Published: July 2016

Objective

Suicide prevention is a high priority. Scalable and sustainable interventions for suicide prevention are needed to set the stage for population-level impact. This systematic review explores how technology-enhanced interventions target suicide risk and protective factors, using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2015) Risk and Protective Factors Ecological Model.

Methods

Information databases (PsycINFO, PubMed and CINAHL) were systematically searched and records including technology-enhanced interventions for suicide prevention ( n = 3764) were reviewed. Records with varying technologies and diverse methodologies were integrated into the search.

Results

Review of the records resulted in the inclusion of 16 studies that utilized technology-enhanced interventions to address determinants of suicidal behaviour. This includes the use of standalone or, in most cases, adjunct technology-enhanced interventions for suicide prevention delivered by mobile phone application, text message, telephone, computer, web, CD-ROM and video.

Conclusion

Intervention effectiveness was variable, but several technology-enhanced interventions have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing suicidal ideation and mental health co-morbidities. Large-scale research and evaluation initiatives are needed to evaluate the costs and long-term population-level impact of these interventions.
Pedestrian crash risk assessment and intervention
Authors: Miao Mingyue , Yang Yanqun , Liang Yu
Published: July 2016

This article is aimed at identifying the main risk behaviors of pedestrians, sorting them on the basis of risk levels, and, moreover, performing risk assessment and intervention for the pedestrian. In order to achieve this goal, this article analyzes a large amount of traffic accident data in Beijing and finds that the movable sight obstacle is an important cause for traffic accident between pedestrians and motor vehicle (hereinafter referred a vehicle–pedestrian accident). Some tables and figures display when and where the movable sight obstacle usually occurs and also shows their logical relationship with other causes. Based on the results of investigation and analysis, the vehicle–pedestrian mechanism diagram was established using the method of fault tree analysis. The diagram shows some key factors and their effect level leading to the accident. The key importance coefficient model was adopted to estimate the function of individual risk behavior quantitatively during the processing of accident. In order to take advantage of the key importance coefficient model, the following research was conducted: first, we analyzed traffic accident data from 2005 to 2014 to find common pedestrians risk behaviors. Second, since traffic accidents and movable sight obstacle are closely related to motor vehicle violations, we collected and analyzed the data of traffic enforcement from 2007 to 2014. Finally, taking into account the individual preferences of policemen, we interviewed 200 police officers and others to calibrate our estimates. Through these efforts, we sorted the pedestrians’ risk behaviors in table. Unlike past research, the object of this study is pedestrian risk behaviors and faults. Furthermore, we also gained understanding to the mechanism of vehicle–pedestrian accident, which was already applied to assessment and intervention for pedestrians in some primary schools in Beijing.
Fuzzy model predictive control of flexible air-breathing hypersonic vehicles with unmodeled actuator sensor failures
Authors: Liu Jifang , Guo Yang , Fang Shipeng
Published: July 2016

In this article, fuzzy model predictive control of flexible air-breathing hypersonic vehicles with unmodeled actuator sensor failures is proposed. The actuator sensor of flexible air-breathing hypersonic vehicle is assumed to suffer from some failures, which are difficult to be modeled. A control-oriented model of sensor failures is derived from the statistics law of input and output data of the sensor. A Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy model is utilized to approach the longitudinal dynamics model of flexible air-breathing hypersonic vehicles. Then, fuzzy model predictive control is proposed. A Lyapunov function approach is utilized and a set of linear matrix inequalities are given to solve the corresponding controller optimization problem. Simulation results are given to show the excellent reference altitude and velocity tracking performance of the proposed controller design method.
Modeling and verification of the nonlinear system of oscillation platform of continuous casting mold driven by servo motor
Authors: Liu Le , Dun Yanru , Fang Yiming , Li Gongyin
Published: July 2016

The driving mode by servo motor is a new driving mode and can realize oscillations of continuous casting mold as expected. The oscillation system of continuous casting mold driven by servo motor is a complicated nonlinear system. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an accurate model for the system before performing simulation experiments. Based on the oscillation platform system of continuous casting mold driven by servo motor in the laboratory, the nonlinear models of servo motor speed system and mechanical transmission parts were respectively established and the viscous friction coefficient, moment of inertia, and load torque were identified. Then, the nonlinear mathematical model of the whole oscillation platform of continuous casting mold driven by servo motor was obtained. The comparison results between the simulated output curves of established model and the measured output curves of actual system under the same input signals indicated that the simulated curves were almost in accord with the measured curves. Therefore, the proposed model can reflect the capabilities of practical system and lay a good foundation for subsequent research on simulation experiments and accurate control of continuous casting mold oscillation driven by servo motor.
Evaluation of positive and negative predictors of seizure outcomes among patients with immune-mediated epilepsy: a meta-analysis
Authors: Dubey Divyanshu , Farzal Zehra , Hays Ryan , Brown L Steven , Vernino Steven
Published: July 2016

Background:

The objective of this study was to analyze published literature on autoimmune epilepsy and assess predictors of seizure outcome.

Methods:

From PubMed and EMBASE databases, two reviewers independently identified publications reporting clinical presentations, management and outcomes of patients with autoimmune epilepsy. A meta-analysis of 46 selected studies was performed. Demographic/clinical variables (sex, age, clinical presentation, epilepsy focus, magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] characteristics, time to diagnosis and initiation of immunomodulatory therapy, and type of immunomodulatory therapy) were compared between two outcome groups (responders and nonresponders). Clinical response was defined as >50% reduction in seizure frequency. Unstandardized effect sizes were collected for the studies for responder and nonresponder groups. Sample size was used as the weight in the meta-analysis. The random effects model was used to account for heterogeneity in the studies.

Results:

The 46 reports included 186 and 96 patients in responder and nonresponder groups respectively. Mean age of the responders and nonresponders was 43 and 31 years ( p < 0.01). Responders were more likely to have cell-surface antibodies (68% versus 39%, p < 0.05), particularly voltage-gated potassium channel complex antibodies ( p < 0.01). Mean duration from symptom onset to diagnosis, and symptom onset to initiation of immunomodulation was significantly lower among the responders (75 versus 431 days, p < 0.05, and 80 versus 554, p < 0.01, respectively). There was no outcome difference based on gender, MRI characteristics, seizure type, type of acute immunomodulatory therapy, or use of chronic immunomodulation.

Conclusions:

Among published cases to date, older age, presence of cell-surface antibodies, early diagnosis and immunomodulatory treatment are associated with better seizure outcomes among patients with autoimmune epilepsy.