bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of growth regulators and colchicine on regeneration of two potato cultivars in vitro
Authors: ABU-QAOUD HASSAN , BSHARAT BAKER , SHTAYA MUNQEZ
Published: January 2024

The effect of different levels of Benzyl adenine (BA) and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on in vitro regeneration of Spunta and Mondial potato cultivars were studied, in addition, the effect of different levels of colchicine administered either as part of MS media (0.0, 10 μ M, 100 μ M and 1 mM) or by soaking potato buds (0.0, 1, 2 and 3 mM) on in vitro regeneration of two potato cultivars was studied in the Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Tulkarm, Palestine. Higher shoot number was obtained when BA at 1 and 2 ppm were combined with 0.5 ppm NAA or without NAA, with variation between the two cultivars. Root number was significantly affected with the hormone levels, higher root number per bud in Spunta cultivar was obtained when NAA was utilized exclusively at 1 and 0.5 ppm respectively, however with Mondial cultivar, the higher number was observed at 1 ppm NAA. Significant effect of colchicine on shoot multiplication in both cultivars was observed, higher average shoot number for both cultivars (3.25 and 3.07) was recorded when higher level of colchicine ( 1mM and 100 μ M) was added to the media for “Spunta’ and “Mondial” respectively. When potato buds were soaked in colchicine, no significant effect on regeneration ability of the two cultivars was observed. Our results indicated a positive effect of colchicine on in vitro regeneration of two potato cultivars, therefore, protocols of polypolidization of potato through in vitro culture could be implemented.
Study on selection of woody plants to create sustainable green spaces in sparsely forested rural areas
Authors: KHUZHAKHMETOVA ALIYA , SAPRONOVA DARIA , BELYAEV ALEXANDER , LAZAREV SERGEY
Published: January 2024

For sustainable development of rural areas in low forested regions it is necessary to create additional areas of artificial plantations from the adapted gene pool of woody plants. The existing artificial plantations were created more than 70 years ago, so they do not effectively fulfill their ameliorative functions. The aim of the research is the selection of woody plants to form landscaping spaces of recreational type in sparsely forested regions. Bioecological studies of 18 tree species of the families Rosaceae, Oleaceae, Fabaceae, Fagaceae, Cornaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Corylaceae, Anacardiaceae, Rhamnáceae in dendrological collections of the Federal Research Centre of Agroecology RAS were carried out from July to October 2021 under field conditions. Conventional methods for evaluating crown structure on microclimatic parameters and ornamental value were applied. Original data were obtained by non-invasive method (Dualex Scientific device), which showed species-specificity of quantitative indicators of photopigments, their lability as an indicator of resistance to high temperatures was given. Dynamics of pigment indices in leaves showed that interspecific variation of the index is higher than intraspecific variation. The adapted assortment of trees and shrubs for arid regions has been identified. It is established that trees (Quercus robur) and shrubs with dense crowns (Ligustrum vulgare, Syringa vulgaris, Rosa rugose, etc.) reduce air temperature more effectively (by 2.2-4.3°C) than woody species with openwork crowns (species of genera Gleditsia and Robinia). It is shown that changing the composition of phytodiversity will increase the quality class of plantations. Quercus robur, Robinia pseudoacacia, Rhus typhina, Cotinus coggygria, species of Gleditsia and Amelanchier are recommended for creation of artificial plantations in the research region.
Agroeconomic assessment of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) varieties in the Nizhnevolzhsky region of Russia ​
Authors: SUKHAREVA E. P. , BELIKINA A. V.
Published: January 2024

Grain sorghum is a valuable cereal forage crop able to produce consistent yields under arid conditions. Since the 1930s, the Federal Scientific Centre for Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences has conducted work on the selection and seed production of cereal sorghum. In light of the emergence of novel sorghum cultivars on the market, it is necessary to investigate their ability to produce a grain crop in the arid conditions of the Lower Volga region.The purpose of the study is to give an agroeconomic assessment of the modern varieties of grain of sorghum in the natural and climatic conditions.Experience in ecological testing was laid in triplicate, sorghum seeds were sown in the super-elite category, agro technologicalactivities were carried out generally accepted for the zone in the Lower Volga region. As a result of observing the weather conditions and analyzing the obtained crop, it was determined that the HTC during the growing season of grain sorghum was 0.67. Correlation analysis of sorghum yield data showed that it is more dependent on precipitation. A close inverse relationship has been established: the more precipitation, the higher the sorghum yield - 0.86598. The best yield of grain sorghum was obtained in the variety of local selection sorghum Belogorskoye - 2.23 t/ha, weight of 1000 grains - 21.5 g, protein content 2.86%, fat 2.3%.The calculation of the economic efficiency of growing grain sorghum for various purposes made it possible to determine that the economic benefit from obtaining green mass of sorghum is 24.5%, silage 123%, grain 36.8%.Thus, the cultivation of grain sorghum in the Lower Volga region is effective for meeting the needs of livestock and food industries. The resulting yield of sorghum grain in the environmental test was at the level of 2.23 to 0.95 t/ha. The leader in terms of yield and nutrient content in the grain was the variety of local selection Belogorskoye.
Effect of various organic inputs on the yield attributes and yield of transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: SUJITHKUMAR P. , RAO G. B. SUDHAGAR , IMMANUEL R. REX , VIDHYA S.
Published: January 2024

Now-a-days people are slowly getting aware of organic inputs and seeking for effective ones for maximum yield but at low cost. In this regard, a two year-on-farm research was carried out at Salem district, Tamil Nadu, India during Kuruvai season (June to October of 2020 and 2021) to study the effect of various organic inputs on the yield attributes and transplanted rice. The experiments were laid out in randomized block design (RBD) replicated thrice with nine treatments with various combinations of fertilizer and organic inputs. The treatments were: T1–Control (100% RDF), T2–75% of N through RDF + 25% of N through EFYM, T3–75% of N through RDF + 25% of N through E-pressmud, T4–75% of N through RDF + 25% of N through vermicompost, T5–75% of N through RDF + 25% of N through GM crop, T6–75% of N through RDF + 25% of N through EFYM + humic and fulvic Acid, T7–75% of N through RDF + 25% of N through E-pressmud + humic and fulvic acid, T8–75% of N through RDF + 25% of N through vermicompost + humic and fulvic acid, T9–75% of N through RDF + 25% of N through GM crop + humic and fulvic acid. The results revealed that application of 75% of N through RDF + 25% of N through vermicompost + humic and fulvic acid proved its superiority at the time of harvest by registering higher rice yield attributes such as number of productive tillers (362/m2), number of filled grains/panicle (105) and yield viz., grain yield (5890 kg/ha), straw yield (8750 kg/ha) and harvest index (40.23). This was at par with the application of 75% N through RDF + 25% of N through green manure crop (sunnhemp) + humic and fulvic acid. These combinations were highly impressive and appeared to be more promising as efficient integrated nutrient management system.
Evaluation of suitable varieties and spacing of rabi sorghum under north-eastern plateau region of Odisha
Authors: MOHANTY AKASH , MAITRA SAGAR , SAHOO UPASANA , GAIKWAD DINKAR J. , SAIRAM MASINA
Published: January 2024

Currently, agriculture is facing a huge trouble which includes depletion of air, water, soil quality and threats of climate change. Under such circumstances, an ecologically hardy crop can be an alternative option to withstand all the limiting factors. Among all the cereals, millets can be considered as a hardy crop which can thrive under any stressed condition. Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is known as the great millet and is considered a vital cereal crop in Asia and Africa. The choice of suitable variety and proper planting geometry is important to obtain potential yield of sorghum. To evaluate the planting geometry of sorghum varieties, an experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2022-23 at Post Graduate Research Farm of M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, Odisha. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design which consisted of three sorghum varieties, namely, M 35-1, SPV-2217 and CSV-29R under four different planting geometries i. e. 30 x 15 cm, 45 x 15 cm, 45/30 cm x 15 cm and 60/30 cm x 15 cm and it was replicated thrice. This experiment was carried out in sandy loam soil conditions which were slightly acidic in nature and having an electrical conductivity of 0.60 dS/m. Among all the treatments under comparison, the variety SPV-2217 expressed superior performance to other varieties in terms of growth parameters such as plant height, number of leaves, dry matter accumulation and leaf area index, yield attributes and yield. The spacing of 45 x 15 cm performed better than the other treatments in all the aspects in terms of growth, yield attributes except 1000-grain weight as well as yield. The results concluded that in order to get a higher production with a lucrative economic benefit, the variety SPV-2217 can be cultivated with a spacing of 45 x 15 cm in north eastern plateau region of Odisha.
Phytoremediation of heavy metals (Cr and Pb) from sewage irrigated soil of tropical sub-humid region of Indo-Gangetic plain using Amaranthus viridis
Authors: VISHWAKARMA HIMANCHAL , MANI DINESH , SHUKLA DEVI PRASAD , SAHU VIPIN
Published: January 2024

This study was conducted to find out the potential of Amaranthus viridis for the phytoremediation of heavy metals (Cr and Pb) grown on sewage irrigated site. The status of heavy metals in sewage irrigated soil was observed as Pb 4.91±0.96 mg/kg and Cr 3.48±0.51 mg/kg maximum in Buxibandh site and minimum concentration 2.11 0.19 mg/kg and Cr 1.82±0.19 mg/kg in Phaphamau sites. A. viridis grown on a sewage irrigated soils recorded maximum accumulation of Cr ranging from 4.23 0.28-4.11 0.15 mg/kg and minimum concentration 2.52±0.05–2.34±0.05 mg/kg in Buxibandh and Phaphamau respectively and maximum accumulation of Pb 4.4±10.52–4.27±0.39 mg/kg and minimum accumulation 2.89±0.04–2.43±0.06 mg/kg in root and shoot, respectively. The result shows the maximum potential of accumulation Pb 4.41±0.52 mg/kg followed by Cr 4.23±0.28 mg/kg in Buxibandh sewage irrigated site. The maximum dry biomass yield of A. viridis plants was recorded in Phaphamau sewage irrigated site of Cr and Pb sewage irrigated soils ranging 3.8±0.5–4.9±0.7 g/plant and 36±5–39±4.4 g/plant, respectively, while the minimum dry biomass yield as 2.5±0.4–2.8±0.4 g/plant and 26±1.2–28±3.9 g/plant in shoot and root, respectively, at Buxibandh sewage irrigated site. The accumulation of heavy metals hampered plant development and nutrients bioavailability. Furthermore, their bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) greater than 1.0 indicated the hyperaccumulation efficiency of plants ranges of Cr and Pb was recorded 1.33±0.04–1.06±0.05 mg/kg and 1.03±0.02–1.12±0.1 mg/kg, respectively. The result proved that the A. viridis had a great potential to remove heavy metals from sewage irrigated soils.
Evaluating honeybee (Apis mellifera L.), as a potential pollinator to enhance the yield and yield attributes in hybrid sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: RAJ S. K. KARTIC , VEERAL D. KUMARIMANIMUTHU
Published: January 2024

Sunflower is a protandrous type, having a problem in which male and female elements mature at different times. Hence, cross pollination is the only way for seed setting in sunflower. For effective cross pollination, various techniques were developed. Based on this, field study was conducted during June 2022-August 2022 at the Experimental Farm, Department of Agronomy, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu to enhance the yield and yield attributes of hybrid sunflower (Kaveri Champ) through honeybee as an agent for cross pollination. The study comprised six treatments with four replications. The treatments were: T1–Natural pollination, T2–Hand pollination, T3–Head to head pollination, T4–Beehive alone, T5–Beehive + Hand pollination and T6–Beehive + Head to head pollination. The study revealed that the (T5) Beehive + hand pollination showed the highest value in terms of seed yield (3669 kg/ha), number of filled seeds per head (1418), 100-seed weight (4.72 g) and seed set percentage (98.55) followed by (T4) Beehive alone. Natural pollination (T1) showed the lowest seed yield (2088 kg/ha), number of filled seeds per head (832), 100-seed weight – (4.12 g) and seed set percentage – (71.91) in all the yield parameters. Pollination with honeybees and by hand increased seed yield per head, compared to natural pollination. Results indicated that the use of honeybees for sunflower hybrid improved the yield and yield attributes of sunflower.
Assessment of genetic diversity for morphological and physiological traits in Clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] using principal component analysis
Authors: PRIYADARSHINI V. M. , MADHANAKUMARI P.
Published: January 2024

Clusterbean is one of the most underutilized, nutrient-rich vegetable crops with Indian origin. An attempt was made to examine the diversity of this important crop using a multivariate statistical model – Principal Component Analysis – to identify high-yielding accessions. The present investigation was conducted during January to April, 2022 at Poothurai village of Villupuram district of Tamil Nadu to identify the genetically diverse outliers among the vast population of clusterbean accessions. In this study, 102 genotypes of clusterbean were evaluated collected from various regions. Fourteen quantitative and three qualitative characters were taken that showed considerable variations and divergence helping to identify promising genotypes for further exploitation. Principal component analysis showed 17 principal components of which six had eigen values greater than 1 contributing to 67.67% of variation. The first principal component had a maximum of 19.98% of total variation. Divergence in 102 germplasm was recorded for total pod yield per plant, number of pods per plant, number of pods per cluster, days to maturity, seed yield per plant and days to 50% flowering in variables supporting loadings of first principal component. They were considered as traits for selecting the genotype. In accordance with this, the promising genotypes showing high diversity for agronomic and yield traits were isolated, which can be used for clusterbean breeding.
Precision nitrogen management in aerobic system for maximising paddy (Oryza sativa L.) yields: A review
Authors: KEERTHI MURUGESAN MOHANA , SRIVASTAV POOJA , RAJASEKAR GOVINDHASAMY , ARUN ARASU , BABU RAJAGOPALAN
Published: January 2024

The main food crop in India is rice; it is typically farmed using poor plant nutrition management, mostly in flood-prone areas. In order to maximize crop and water productivity against the backdrop of dwindling water resources, crop science research has recently made strides that are focused on water saving rice technology and appropriate nutrient management strategies employing locally accessible, affordable fertilizer sources. This is done to ensure the sustainability of agriculture and the environment. Presently, the growing rice in aerobic conditions is significant challenge due to limited nutrient availability. With reduced soil moisture, nutrient uptake is hindered by lower rates of delivery to the roots through mass flow and diffusion. Nitrogen, being one of the most essential nutrients, plays a critical role in enhancing the growth and yield of aerobic rice and also the Indian soil already deficit of nitrogen. However, applying too much or too little nitrogen is ineffective, particularly under alternate wetting and drying conditions. To maximizing the rice growth, root development, yield, and nitrogen uptake in aerobic systems through the method, timing and quantity of nitrogen application must be carefully considered. Based on discussed reviews on different studies, it is concluded that applying of nitrogen is an optimum quantity with three to four equal splits can maximize the plant height, leaf area index, crop growth rate, dry matter production, number of tillers/m2, root length, root volume, number of panicles/m2, number of filled grains/panicle, panicle length and yield of aerobic rice.
Flowering and fruiting phenology of selected mango (Mangifera indica L.) varieties in West Garo Hills of Meghalaya
Authors: MAWKHIEW ABHISHISHA , PEREIRA LOLLY S.
Published: January 2024

Phenological stages of reproductive growth of three mango varieties viz., Amrapali, Dashehari and Kesar were observed in the years 2017 and 2018 at the instructional Farm of the department of Rural Development and Agricultural Production (RDAP) of North Eastern Hill University, Tura Campus, West Garo Hills District, Meghalaya, India, using the extended BBCH (Biologische Bundesantalt Bundessortenamt and Chemische Industrie) scale for mango proposed by Hernandez Delgado and his coworkers in 2010. The dates of occurrence of the principal stages of inflorescence emergence (stage 5), flowering (stage 6) and fruit development (stage 7) and the duration for transition from one phenological stage to the next were recorded. Completion of inflorescence emergence (stages 510-519) in variety Amrapali was noted in 25-58 days, in variety Dashehari in 27-58 days and in variety Kesar in 22-74 days. Flowering period (stages 610-619) lasted for 14-38 days in variety Dashehari, 15-36 days in Kesar and 15-44 days in Amrapali. The shortest fruit development period (stages 701-709) was noticed in Dashehari (98-127 days) followed by Amrapali (103-138days) and Kesar (106-142days). The data on time required for transition from one phenological stage to the next, of the principal stages of inflorescence emergence, flowering and fruit development, can help in advance planning and implementation of plant protection measures, growth regulator treatments, manure or fertilizer treatments and harvesting of a variety in a particular agro-climatic condition, which ultimately influence the productivity of a variety.
Screening and characterization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and their effect on growth and yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: DEVI KAVITA , SHARMA DEEKSHA , SINGH RAGHUVIR , PANDEY RAM PRAKASH
Published: January 2024

A multitude of roles are played by microbes in food and agriculture that include nutrient cycling and management, organic matter decomposition and fermentation. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), representing microbial groups and with the ability of colonizing plant roots, influence plant growth through various indirect and direct modes in order to promote its growth and/or protect it from diseases or damage due to insect attack. This research was conducted during August 2022 to April 2023 at Chandigarh University, Punjab, wherein 15 bacterial isolates were isolated from rhizospheric soils of different crop plants. Isolates were identified based on biochemical characteristics and their plant growth promotional efficiencies were tested in-vitro. A total of ten isolates were found positive for four or more than 4 plant growth promoting traits. These isolates were further identified at molecular level using amplification and sequencing of 16S rDNA sequences. Sequences were submitted to the NCBI GenBank portal and accessions numbers were obtained. Potential microbial strains were inoculated with Barley seeds and a significant increase in plant height, dry weight and wet weight as well as number of seeds was recorded in inoculated plants as compared to control plants. However, maximum plant growth and yield was recorded in the plants inoculated with isolates 21B (Klebsiella quasivariicola) and 28B (Arthrobacter sp.). These isolates may become very crucial alternatives of chemical fertilizers for sustainable agriculture.
Factors influencing the adoption of improved tomato post-harvest loss management practices among farmers in north-west zone of Nigeria
Authors: K TOBE O , K ATALA T , M SADDIQ N , M DAMISA
Published: January 2024

The study assessed the factors influencing the adoption of improved tomato post-harvest loss management practices among farmers in the North-West zone of Nigeria. The specific objectives were to: assess farmers’ rate of adoption of improved tomato post-harvest management practices and determine the factors influencing the adoption of improved tomato post-harvest management practices by farmers in the study area. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the total of 540 farmers selected. Descriptive statistics and logit regression model were used to analyze the data. The study found that of the 10 practices disseminated, 78% of farmers were aware of proper harvest timing, 72% were aware of proper harvesting time, and 63% were aware of improved sun-drying. The practices with the highest adoption levels were proper harvest timing (77%), proper harvest time (77%), and improved sun-drying (75%). The rate of adoption was moderate with 53% of the farmers adopting between 7 and 10 of the practices. Furthermore, the factors affecting adoption were found to be labour supply (2.1638) which was significant at 1% level of probability, while farm size (1.0698) and education (1.0180) each had a significant influence on the adoption of the practices at 10% level of probability. The technology-specific factors that were significant to adoption include attitude towards the technology (1.9961) and the cost of technology (1.7608) which were significant at 1% probability level. The study concluded that, the levels of awareness and adoption of the improved tomato post-harvest management practices were not adequately sufficient to improve the outcomes of farmers in terms of loss reduction and income. The study, hence, recommended that there should be increased efforts directed to encourage greater awareness and adoption of post-harvest loss management practices among tomato farmers, and smart programmes aimed at availing farmers with incentives should be offered to address cost factors in technology adoption.
Effect of organic farming on growth, yield and quality of solanaceous vegetables under dryland conditions of Jaipur district, Rajasthan
Authors: CHOUDHARY PRIYANKA , SAXENA SHAMINDRA
Published: January 2024

This study was conducted during the years 2021 to 22 at Kanakpura village, Jaipur to investigate the impact of organic farming methods on the development, production and quality of solanaceous vegetables grown in the dry Jaipur district. A randomized complete block design with two different treatments was used as the approach–Organic farming practices, conventional farming practices with four replicates each. The results showed that organic farming practices significantly improved soil health, in terms of soil organic matter [t(48)= 2.76, P less than 0.05] and soil nitrate [t(48)=3.12, P less than 0.01], plant growth and yield [F(1,48)=6.75, P less than 0.05], fruit size [F(1,48)=5.32, P less than 0.05] and vitamin C content [F(1,48)=4.46, P less than 0.05] in comparison to conventional farming. The use of organic fertilizers and pest control measures resulted in better quality produce in aspect of total yield, fruit size and vitamin C content with reduced residues of synthetic chemicals. The study highlights the potential of organic farming practices to improve the sustainability of agriculture, particularly in dry land regions with limited water resources.
Effect of tillage practices on durum wheat (Triticum durum) productivity under semi-arid climatic conditions
Authors: RYMA LABAD , ZEKARI MOHAMMEDI , SMAIN ECHCHERKI , YASMINE BELDI , ABDELWAHAB BOUNEDJAR , ABDELFETAH CHACHOUA , KHADIDJA KEBIR , HAMID KERIMI , HAMANI TAYEB , . RYMA , SABRINA TAIBI , AMINE FEDDAL MOHAMED
Published: January 2024

The current study addresses one of the constraints of direct seeding adoption in Algeria, which is the high cost and limited availability of seeders, leading to a slow adoption of this agricultural system in the country. However, a specific seeder called "Boudour" has been developed in Algeria by the CMA of Sidi Bel Abbes. To evaluate the performance of this machine, an experiment was conducted in a semi-arid area at the Experimental Station of the Technical Institute of Field Crops (ITGC) in Sétif. The objectives of the study were to compare the effects of different seeders on wheat development. The results indicated that the "Boudour" seeder performed better in terms of achieving a regular seeding depth of 6 cm and resulted in higher observed yield values. These findings suggest that the "Boudour" seeder can contribute to improved wheat cultivation in soils where it can provide consistent seeding depth. The results have demonstrated that the choice of crop technique, along with the type of seed drill, remains a significant factor in improving the cultivation of durum wheat, even in semi-arid conditions. However, yield components such as grain weight per spike (PMG) and spike length are not influenced by the choice of crop technique. On the other hand, the number of grains per spike and tillering appear to be greatly influenced by the choice of the technical approach. Regarding the estimated yield of durum wheat, it is significantly higher in the plots where soil is tilled, with an average theoretical yield reaching 42 q/ha, compared to an average of 16 q/ha for direct seeding using the Jean Shearer method.
Vermicomposting, a key to sustainable agriculture: A review
Authors: MANCHAL RAJAN , VENUSTE TUYISHIME , VERMA SANJEET RAJ
Published: January 2024

Vermicomposting, the process of using earthworms to convert biodegradable material into nutrient-rich vermicast, stands as a fundamental practice in sustainable agriculture. Rich in growth-promoting hormones, enzymes, and microorganisms, vermicast significantly boosts plant growth and enhances resistance to diseases. Given the staggering global annual production of organic waste, expected to increase from 1.3 billion to 2.2 billion tons by 2025, vermicomposting emerges as an eco-friendly and organic fertilizer production method. Earthworms, historically revered as "natural ploughmen" by Charles Darwin, contribute to soil health, influencing microbial communities and nutrient availability while mitigating the effects of heavy metals. The application of vermicompost results in higher crop yields and improved fruit quality, emphasizing the need for careful nutrient balance. Vermicomposting positively influences soil structure, reducing bulk density, enhancing water retention, and mitigating nitrate leaching, thereby promoting environmental sustainability. Its favourable impact on soil biology, including microbial biomass and enzyme activity, fosters a healthier soil ecosystem. In conclusion, vermicomposting presents a precise and effective solution for organic waste management, playing a pivotal role in the future of agriculture and contributing significantly to environmental conservation.
Cultivating knowledge: A comprehensive Scientometrics analysis of millet research trends in Sub-Saharan African nations using the Web of Science database
Authors: UMAR JAFAR TIJJANI , V. VIJESH P. , A. ANUPAMA , K. JOSEPH M.
Published: January 2024

Millets, small-seeded grasses with a rich history as a vital food source in Sub-Saharan African Countries, have declined in cultivation and consumption in recent years, primarily due to the growing popularity of rice and wheat. To gauge the state of millet research in Sub Saharan African countries, a comprehensive Scientometrics analysis was conducted using the Web of Science database from 2013 to 2023. A total of 271 publications were meticulously analyzed using the biblioshiny software. The study delved into various facets of millet research, including annual scientific publications, average citations per year, the most relevant sources, prominent authors, affiliations, corresponding author's countries, prevalent keywords, emerging trends, influential institutions, and more. This study offers valuable insights that can pave the way for advancements in millet research, policy formulation, and the promotion of millet cultivation and utilization in Sub-Saharan African Countries. By contributing to the sustainable development of agriculture, nutrition, and food security, the research on millets aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It can potentially address the challenges posed by the region's shift towards rice and wheat.
Pembelajaran Program Keluarga Berencana Pada Pasangan Muslim Di Bawah Umur Di Kabupaten Mandailing Natal Perspektif Maqashid Syariah
Authors: Ramadan Ahmad , Siregar Ibrahim , Hsb Putra Halomoan
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) Pelaksanaan program keluarga berencana pada pasangan Muslim di bawah umur di Kabupaten Mandailing Natal. (2) Persfektif Maqoshid Syariah terhadap pelaksanaan program keluarga berencana pada pasangan Muslim di bawah umur di Kabupaten Mandailing Natal. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif bersifat deskriptif. Subjek penelitian ini yaitu pasangan suami istri yang menikah berkisar di bawah usia 18 tahun di Kabupaten Mandailing Natal, petugas pelayanan KB di Puskesmas Mandailing Natal, Kepala DPPKB Madina sesuai data yang dibutuhkan dan Kepala KUA di Kabupaten Mandailing Natal.Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini yaitu wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Pelaksanaan Program Keluarga Berencana di Kabupaten Mandailing Natal masyarakat memiliki kesadaran yang tinggi sehingga melakukan program KB, dilihat dari kondisi ekonomi yang dibilang pas pasan dan kondisi usia yang belum siap untuk mempunyai anak sehingga mereka perlu melakukan program KB tersebut supaya anak-anak yang dilahirkan sesuai yang diharapkan terpenuhi kebutuhannya, sehat serta mandiri. (2) Perspektif Maqoshid Syariah, Keluarga Berencana merupakan salah satu upaya menciptakan keluarga berkualitas, baik secara agama maupun kemanusiaan. Di dalam Maqhashid Syari’ah Pemeliharaan keturunan atau Hifz al-nasl merupakan kebutuhan yang dharuriyyat yakni kebutuhan utama yang harus di pelihara dan dilindungi dengan sebaik-baiknya oleh syari’at islam sebagai orang tua, mengikuti program KB bisa menjadi kebutuhan sekunder atau kebutuhan hajiyyat bagi keluarga, yang mana keberadaannya dibutuhkan untuk memberikan kemudahan serta menghilangkan kesukaran dan kesulitan dalam kehidupan keluarga.
Pengembangan Media Video Animasi Pada Pembelajaran Tema 6 Cita-Citaku Di Kelas IV SD
Authors: Yuliantina  , Murniviyanti Liza , Selegi Susanti Faipri
Published: January 2024

Berdasarkan kegiatan wawancara yang dilakukan, diperoleh data yaitu bahan ajar yang digunakan kurang variatif, hasil belajar cenderung rendah, penggunaan media pembelajaran berupa video animasi belum optimal, dan metode pembelajaran yang digunakan masih konvesional. Pengembangan ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan Video Animasi Pada Pembelajaran Tema 6 Cita-Citaku. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode R&D dengan model Borg & Gall yang menggunakan sampai tahapan ke-7. Hasil uji validasi kepada ahli materi didapatkan sebesar 86,1%, untuk validasi ahli media sebesar 88,8%, dan untuk validasi dari tenaga pendidik sebesar 97,2%. Sedangkan hasil uji produk secara lebih luas didapatkan sebesar 84,3%. Jadi media yang telah dikembangkan ini masuk dalam kategori sangat praktis dan layak digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran. Media yang telah dikembangkan ini sebagai alternatif siswa dalam mempelajari materi puisi agar siswa tidak mudah bosan serta aktif dalam pembelajaran. Selain itu, media pembelajaran ini juga membuat siswa tidak mudah bosan selama pembelajaran.
Isu-Isu Kritis Dalam Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Ficky Ficky Uwais Alqarny , Sukari Sukari
Published: January 2024

This research aims to investigate critical issues in Islamic education that have significant impacts on the current education system. The study seeks to provide crucial insights for stakeholders in the field of education, including the government, educational institutions, and the general public, to engage in improving the education system to address these critical issues and ensure that all individuals have equal opportunities to receive quality education. The research adopts a Literature Review approach, involving the collection of literature data, reading, analyzing, and recording relevant research materials. This includes utilizing document studies on the results of previous research. Data collection is conducted by searching journals on various electronic media such as digital libraries and the internet. The search for journals is carried out through Google Scholar and academic literature related to critical issues in Islamic education. The results of the research indicate that critical issues in Islamic education can be divided into two categories: internal factors, including Power Relations and the Orientation of Islamic Education, Curriculum Issues, Learning Approaches/Methods, Professionalism and Human Resource Quality, and Education Costs. External factors include Dichotomic, To General Knowledge, Lack of Spirit of Inquiry, Memorization, and Certificate Orientation. The solution to addressing these critical issues is to return Islamic education to its natural state, designing education in such a way that learners can develop their potential naturally and creatively in an atmosphere of freedom, togetherness, and responsibility. Islamic education is oriented towards a Process of Awareness, a Humanization Process, and the Cultivation of Noble Character.

Keywords: Critical Education, Educational Issues, Islamic education
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Pendidikan Agama Islam Berbasis Pendidikan Multikultural Untuk Membentuk Sikap Moderasi Beragama
Authors: Adri Adri , Anhar Anhar , Rafiq Mohd , Darman Isra Hayati
Published: January 2024

SMAN 1 Nagajuang merupakan sekolah multikultural dan multiagama. Pada tahun ajaran 2022/2023, jumlah siswa sebanyak 134 siswa yang terdiri dari 48,5% beragama Islam dan 51,5% non-Muslim. Namun belum ada bahan ajar khusus terkait moderasi beragama di sekolah ini yang sesuai dengan kondisi tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan bahan ajar PAI berbasis multikultural untuk membentuk sikap moderasi beragama siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D) dengan menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi dan angket yang melibatkan siswa, guru dan kepala sekolah, data diolah secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif.Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sebuah buku teks dengan judul: Buku Pendidikan Agama Islam Berbasis Moderasi Beragama untuk SMAN 1 Nagajuang Kelas XI, yang terdiri dari sampul, pendahuluan, daftar isi, kompetensi inti dan kompetensi dasar (KI dan KD), pedoman penggunaan buku, materi terpadu sikap dan prinsip moderasi beragama dalam 5 bab, referensi dan glosarium. Total skor uji validitas bahan ajar ini sebesar 80,75% dengan kualifikasi valid dan total skor uji praktikalitas sebesar 86,80% dengan kualifikasi sangat praktis. Jadi buku ajar ini dinilai valid, praktis dan layak digunakan sebagai bahan ajar kelas XI SMAN 1 Nagajuang.
Dinamika Fenomenologi: Analisis Pengalaman Guru Dalam Konteks Pendidikan di SMP Global Madani
Authors: Wijayanti Rani Amrista , Syaputri Wuri
Published: January 2024

Untuk menyelidiki pengalaman guru dengan kepemimpinan kreatif di SMP Global Madani, penelitian ini menggunakan fenomenologi. Penelitian melibatkan dua belas guru dan mengumpulkan data melalui observasi kelas, wawancara, dan analisis dokumen. Hasilnya menunjukkan beberapa aspek penting dari pekerjaan guru di SMP Global Madani. Sebagian besar guru (7 dari 12) mengemukakan bahwa penunjang pembelajaran berupa teknologi (internet) terfasilitasi dengan baik. Namun siswa dapat terpapar informasi yang salah karena penunjang belajar dan teknologi yang tersedia tidak selalu akurat. Selain itu, terlalu fokus pada teknologi dapat menyebabkan stres dan isolasi sosial. Beberapa guru (5 dari 12) juga menekankan kesulitan disiplin siswa, menekankan betapa sulitnya menjaga kelas tetap sesuai dengan nilai-nilai Islam. Di sisi positifnya, sebagian besar guru (9 dari 12) melihat penggunaan teknologi sebagai fokus yang positif, yang menunjukkan upaya untuk meningkatkan keterlibatan dan interaktivitas siswa. Selain itu, beberapa guru (6 dari 12) melihat metode kreatif seperti proyek kolaboratif dan permainan peran untuk meningkatkan minat dan partisipasi siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis tematik untuk menunjukkan kompleksitas pengalaman guru di SMP Global Madani. Ini mencakup perjuangan guru untuk mengatasi keterbatasan sumber daya dan dinamika disiplin siswa. Fokus utama adalah pencapaian positif guru dalam penggunaan teknologi dan pendekatan pembelajaran kreatif. Oleh karena itu, hasil ini diharapkan dapat membantu dalam pengembangan praktik pendidikan, terutama dalam mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai keislaman dan kreativitas di tingkat pendidikan menengah.
Thermal Effect of IR Radiation at 1273 nm during Direct Photogeneration of Singlet Oxygen for Solid Tumors Therapy
Authors: Bogdanov A.A , Bogdanov An.A. , Klimenko V.V. , Burdakov V.S. , Verlov N.A. , Moiseyenko V.M.
Published: January 2024

Singlet oxygen is an electronically excited state of normal triplet oxygen that has cytotoxic effects. The generation of singlet oxygen as a result of photodynamic therapy is used for the treatment of solid tumors. Methods of singlet oxygen direct photogeneration in tissues using infrared lasers can become an effective alternative to photodynamic therapy. The use of pulsed laser irradiation at 1273 nm with high peak power density is a promising direction. Such modes minimize thermal effects and allow for high peak rates of singlet oxygen generation. In this study, a physical-mathematical model was used to describe the generation of singlet oxygen, taking into account the distribution of radiation intensity and temperature in biological tissues. As a result of numerical modeling, modes of direct photogeneration of singlet oxygen by a 1273 nm laser were calculated when irradiating a wide beam (radius 5 mm) of biological tissue, which did not lead to heating above the biocritical temperature of 42.5°C, but allowed for the generation of cytotoxic amounts of singlet oxygen. On a bio-mimicking gel, it was shown that the irradiation modes used (average power density ~1 W/cm2 ) did not lead to heating of the site of exposure above biocritical temperatures. The obtained results are a necessary basis for further research on direct photogeneration of singlet oxygen in living systems with the aim of developing innovative methods for the therapy of solid tumors and their implementation in practical oncology.
Efficacy of neoadjuvant endocrine therapy in HR-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer: A review
Authors: Abduloeva N.K. , Moiseenko V.M. , Moiseenko F.V. , Skripko O.A. , Scriabin M.V. , Ryandjina R.A.
Published: January 2024

IMPORTANCE. Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET), despite demonstrating comparable data to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in regard to ORR and being a less toxic alternative, is still used in clinical practice mainly for elderly patients or those who are not good candidates for chemotherapy. The COVID-19 pandemic led to increased application of NET for patients with HR-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer, that showed a growing need for data evaluating its efficacy in terms of long-term outcomes of treatment and for examining potential predictive biomarkers. OBSERVATIONS. We provide readers with a critical in-depth review on landmark trials comparing NET with NCT in HR-positive/ HER2-negative breast cancer. This also includes an overview of potential predictive biomarkers for identifying subsets of HR-positive breast cancer that could be safely spared neoadjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE. NET is an effective treatment modality for postmenopausal women diagnosed with HR-positive/ HER2-negative cancer that can downsize breast tumors. Due to the absence of large RCT comparing NET with NCT, little data on long-term outcomes, deep analysis of clinical practice treatment results is needed. Further research on potential predictive biomarkers and their validation is an important clinical issue.
Effect of surgical risk factors on the short-term outcomes for rectal cancer surgery. Laparoscopic or robotic approach?
Authors: Moiseev M.E. , Gladyshev D.V. , Vetoshkin V.A. , Kovalenko S.A. , Murashko R.A. , Hondziya S.Z. , Svitich V.Yu. , Gnedash S.S.
Published: January 2024

Results. Data analysis significantly (p<0.001) confirms the advantage of robot-assisted interventions in terms of such parameters as intraoperative blood loss and hospytal stay of lents. In the group of patients after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy who underwent robot-assisted surgery, the frequency of better quality total mesorectumectomy was statistically significantly higher than in the group of patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery (X2 =5.132; p=0.024; OR=2.335 (95% CI 1.107; 4.925)). Also, in male patients, the quality of TME was statistically significantly better in the group of robot-assisted operations (X2 =8.219; p=0.005; OR=2.854 (95% CI 1.366; 5.962)).In addition, there was a significant predominance of sphincter-preserving operations in the group of patients who underwent robot-assisted surgery. In the laparoscopic group, the frequency of abdominoperineal extirpations was 5 times higher than in the robotic group (X2 =54.703; p<0.001; OR=0.129 (95% CI 0.071; 0.236)). There was a statistically significant predominance of organ-preserving operations in the group of robot-assisted surgery in patients with low-lying tumors (X2 =53.885; p<0.001; OR=0.081 (95% CI 0.039; 0.167)), after NACRT (X2 =31.302; p<0.001. OR=0.139 (95% CI 0.066; 0.293)),as well as in male patients (X2 =25.994; p<0.001. OR=0.156 (95% CI 0.072; 0.338)). Conclusions. Robot-assisted surgery for rectal cancer in a group of patients with high surgical risk shows advantages over traditional laparoscopic techniques, demonstrating, first of all, a high rate of sphincter preservation, high quality TME, reduced blood loss and shorter hospital stay
IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SEISMIC VIBRATIONS OF BURIED STRUCTURES, TAKING
INTO ACCOUNT THE INTERACTION WITH THE GROUND BASE
Authors: Bazhenov V.G. , Dyukina N.S.
Published: January 2024

The calculation of buried large-sized structures for specified seismic impacts should take into account the field of gravity, contact interaction with the ground. The representation of the boundless half-space of the soil by a limited finite element domain requires taking measures to exclude the influence of boundary effects on the solution. The article proposes and analyzes a set of measures to eliminate edge effects: an algorithm for restoring kinematic load according to an experimental seismogram, the use of superimposed grids to separate the waves incident and radiated from the structure, and quasi-dimensional grids with viscosity to dampen waves at infinity. The algorithm for restoring the seismogram is based on comparing the discrete analogue of the experimental seismogram with the results of a one-dimensional problem of the test pulse run in a ground environment and considers the re-reflection of elastic waves in a multilayer soil with a horizontal upper surface and the boundaries of the media. The method of superimposed grids allows to bring the source of seismic impact closer to the foundation of the structure. The secondary interference waves emitted by the structure freely exit to the technical subdomain with a sparse grid, where calculations are carried out using linear viscosity to dampen the wave and noise associated with the numerical dispersion of the solution on the inhomogeneities of the grid. The proposed approach using superimposed grids makes it possible to reduce the time of numerical calculations by orders, since only in the subregion adjacent to the building small grids are set and nonlinear effects (contact interaction, elastic-plastic deformation) are taken into account. The use of quasi-uniform grids with the introduction of linear viscosity will reduce computational costs by two orders in two-dimensional problems and three orders in three-dimensional ones.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE ON PARALLELING FINITE ELEMENT SCHEMES FOR SOLVING NONLINEAR STRUCTURE DEFORMATION PROBLEMS
ON SUPER COMPUTERS
Authors: Kibets A.I. , Kalinina Yu.A.
Published: January 2024

This article provides a review of publications devoted to the features of using parallel computing systems for solving problems in continuum mechanics using the finite element method. These publications discuss the conditions for the successful application of algorithms and software developed for the efficient operation of parallel computing systems. Methods for accelerating the solution of a problem by taking into account its specifics are studied and estimates of their effectiveness are given. The issues of application are considered: iterative methods with preconditioning for solving sparse systems of linear algebraic equations with an irregular structure, both symmetric and asymmetric; finite element approximations on unstructured and quasi-structured computational grids; pipelineization of the computational process during spatial decomposition of the computational domain; a parallel computing method with an explicit and implicit time integration scheme for large-scale problems in the mechanics of structures and solids; finite element modeling of contact-impact problems using a graphics processor; matrix-free approach to finite element calculations intended for graphic processors; an explicit method of asynchronous step-by-step parallel calculations to reduce computation time when refining the mesh in a certain local area; discrete and finite element method and graphic processor for solid particle interaction modeling, including contact detection, force calculation and information updating; methods for parallelizing cyclic sections of sequential programs, based on determining the possibility of parallel execution of loop iterations, searching and parallelizing linear sections within loops with an unknown number of iterations.