bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Própolis: alternativa de tratamento como fitoterápico nas unidades básicas de saúde da família (UBSF)
Authors: Silva Eliana Cristina Da , Galbiati Carla
Published: May 2019

A própolis é uma substância resinosa produzida pelas abelhas a partir de substâncias coletadas de diversas partes da planta como broto, botões florais e exsudatos resinosos. As atividades biológicas da própolis possibilitam o seu uso como alternativa de tratamento para as Infecções respiratórias Agudas (IRA). O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a intenção de uso do extrato de própolis nas Unidades Básica de Saúde da Família (UBSF) quanto ao aspecto da aceitabilidade dos gestores e conhecimento/ prática da equipe e dos usuários da UBSF, para incorporar como tecnologia de fitoterápico no SUS. A pesquisa foi descritiva de abordagem quali-quantitativa, a abordagem qualitativa utilizou-se grupo focal com 06 gestores responsáveis pela atenção básica em Cáceres. A abordagem quantitativa realizou entrevistas com as categorias profissionais em quatro unidades UBSF de Cáceres e com mães de crianças e idosos, totalizando 160 participantes da UBSF, com a seguintes temas: conhecimento e a prática relacionada ao uso do extrato de própolis como fitoterápico; conhecimento sobre as plantas medicinais e intenção do uso da propolis no tratamento complementar das IRAs. Os gestores não apresentaram aceitabilidade ao uso da própolis como fitoterápico na rede de atenção básica como alternativa de tratamento. A intenção de uso da própolis como fitoterápico não foi diferente entre as categorias de profissionais da UBSF. Os idosos foram o que apresentaram a maior intenção de uso da própolis. O conhecimento e a prática de uso da própolis como fitoterápico não foi observado pelos participantes da UBSF. Como conclusão os gestores não apresentaram aceitabilidade ao uso da própolis e outros fitoterápicos na UBSF como alternativa de tratamento para IRA, mas se mostraram dispostos a discutir o uso da própolis nas UBSF se houver interesse por parte da comunidade em usar a própolis. As categorias profissionais que atuam nas UBSF, idosos, mães de crianças de 1 a 5 anos apresentaram conhecimento e prática restrito para o uso da própolis como tratamento de afecções respiratórias. Entretanto, os idosos e as mães de crianças apresentaram intenção de uso se a propolis for prescrita pelo médico e disponibilizada nas UBSF.
O uso das redes técnicas para a gestão de resíduos sólidos
Authors: Fiore Fabiana Alves , Rutkowski Emília Wanda
Published: May 2019

Os dados públicos de gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos no território brasileiro demonstram que a expectativa de maior controle das atividades, a partir da publicação da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, ainda não foi atendida. A ausência de uma cultura de planejamento e, consequentemente, de disponibilidade de recursos, são possíveis causas da inexistência da gestão integrada e compartilhada de resíduos sólidos, determinada pelo referido instrumento legal. Para garantir a visão sistêmica na gestão integral dos resíduos gerados nos territórios, respeitando às diversidades e potencializando o controle social, faz-se necessário o uso de novas abordagens e estratégias para o planejamento e controle das ações. Nesta perspectiva, o presente artigo objetiva discutir as redes técnicas como um instrumento para a viabilização da gestão integrada e compartilhada de resíduos sólidos. A identificação e qualificação dos agentes sociais, dos fixos e fluxos da rede técnica real, e o reconhecimento da rede técnica proposta pelo arcabouço legal em cada território são camadas que, quando sobrepostos, levam à determinação da rede técnica ideal que realça as especificidades do território e cuja gestão se dá por e para os agentes sociais que as mobilizam. Uma vez que cada rede técnica pode ser utilizada separadamente e em diferentes escalas territoriais, seus limites de utilização serão determinados exclusivamente pelos escopos definidos pelos tomadores de decisão.
A satisfação no atendimento aos clientes que buscam serviços de mensuração em Organizações Governamentais
Authors: Martins Mariana Vitoria , Braz Helena Maria Fagundes dos Santos , Nery Matheus Batalha Moreira
Published: May 2019

Este artigo tem por objetivo realizar uma análise acerca da satisfação dos usuários que buscam diariamente os serviços das organizações governamentais que fornecem mensuração dos serviços prestados pelo próprio Estado. No Estado de Sergipe, um dos serviços de mensuração mais solicitados é a análise da qualidade da água que chega até as residências da população. Uma das principais formas das empresas, sejam elas públicas ou privadas, atingirem a satisfação do cliente, está no relacionamento que as organizações mantêm com seus consumidores. As empresas estão buscando cada vez mais se desenvolverem, visando à satisfação dos seus clientes como principal objetivo. Isso acontece devido ao grande nível de exigência por parte dos consumidores. A presente pesquisa utilizou como método o estudo de caso, pois essa metodologia permitiu um estudo mais aprofundado, com riqueza de detalhes, acerca da satisfação dos clientes em empresas governamentais que trabalham com mensuração de serviços públicos. Os dados obtidos com a pesquisa de campo foram analisados de forma quantitativa e qualitativa. Os resultados apontam que, no que se refere às questões relacionadas ao atendimento presencial, ou seja, o momento de contato entre os servidores e o público que procura os serviços, são realizados em sua maior parte gerando a satisfação da população. Por outro lado, as informações prestadas pelo telefone e por meio virtual tem gerado insatisfação por parte dos usuários do serviço.
COMPUTATIONAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF GRANULATION IN FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR
Authors: Mizonov Vadim E. , Mitrofanov Andrey V. , Tannous Katia , Ovchinnikov Lev N.
Published: May 2019

The objective of the study is to build a simple but informative model to describe the kinetics of layering granulation in a batch fluidized bed reactor. A cell model based on the theory of Markov chains to describe this kinetics is proposed. Several parallel chains of perfectly mixed cell according to the number of size fractions, which are under observation, were introduced. The vectors of particles volume content in the cells describe the state of the process. Evolution of the state is conditioned by particles transition from the cells of one chain to another due to their size enlargement during granulation and by particles migration along the chains due to their interaction with fluidizing gas upstream flow. The process is observed in a discrete moments of time. It is supposed that the volume of binding solution coming into a cell of a chain during one time step interacts only with the particles that can enlarge their size to transit to the cell of the next larger size fraction. The migration of the particles of a size fraction along its chain is controlled by the matrix of transition probabilities, which is different for each size fraction and depends on the total particles concentration. The model allows qualitative estimating of influence of the process parameters on the granulation kinetics. In order to validate the model, the experimental study of ammonium sulphate granulation in the lab scale fluidized bed reactor was carried out. The comparison of theoretical and experimental results was done for the example of particle size enlargement at different flow rate of the binding solution feed. A good correlation between theoretical and experimental data was found for both the mean particle size growth and the fraction size distribution at different moments of time.
PREDICTING ESTROGEN ACTIVITIES OF BISPHENOL A AND ITS ANALOGS USING QUANTUM CHEMISTRY CALCULATIONS AND ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: Dat Vu Van , Long Le Kim , Trang Nguyen Hoang , Phuc Doan Van , Trang Nguyen Van , Ha Nguyen Thi Thu
Published: May 2019

This article presents the results of the quantitative structure – activity relationship (QSAR) study of bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogs using quantum chemistry calculations and method of artificial neural networks (ANN). Molecular structural analysis is performed using Density Functional Theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d) level. The quantum calculations focus on finding the optimized molecular structures, vibrational frequencies, the molecular orbital energies with reasonable accuracy. The study of electron density distribution was carried out in the framework of the natural bond orbital (NBO) methods. The obtained parameters and known observable estrogen activities are used as input data for constructing the QSAR model, using the artificial neural network method. Based on the artificial neural network method the quantum parameters having the strongest impact on the estrogen activity of the compounds were revealed. The internal and external validation methods have been performed to test the performance and the stability of the model. The statistical parameters obtained of the QSAR model were: R2 = 0.99; Q2LOO = 0.98; R2Predict = 0.98. According to the obtained results, our proposed model, constructing by method of artificial neural network using the parameters of quantum chemistry is adequate and may be useful to predict of estrogen activities for unexplored derivatives and BPA analogs with moderate reliability.
DETERMINATION OF TYPE OF SOLVATE OF PHOSPHORIC ACID DURING ITS EXTRACTION BY TRIBUTYL PHOSPHATE
Authors: Kizim Nikolai F. , Tarasenkova Anastasiya E.
Published: May 2019

The extraction of phosphoric acid with a solution of tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) in toluene from its individual aqueous solutions in a concentration range of 0-11 M is investigated. The experiments are performed at room temperature (20 ± 1 °С). The isotherms of extraction of phosphoric acid under conditions of equality of the volumes of the saturating aqueous phase and the receiving organic phase are constructed. The extraction isotherm is nonlinear, but to an acid concentration in the aqueous phase of ~ 8 M, it is close to linear, and at higher concentrations, the amount of extracted acid increases harshly. To establish the mechanism of acid extraction in the system phosphoric acid – 0.1 M solution of TBP in toluene the method of combining a laboratory and computational experiment is proposed. The optimal parameters describing the extraction of phosphoric acid from natural aqueous solutions are determined. Calculations performed in two approximations were made. In the first approximation the condition of ideality of systems is accepted. In the second approximation the deviations of the properties of phosphoric acid solutions in aqueous solution are taken into account. For the two approximations the preferential extraction of phosphoric acid molecules in the form of H3PO4 ∙ nTBP type solvates (where n = 1, 3) is shown. In the range of concentrations of phosphoric acid in the aqueous phase from 6 to 11 M, the values of equilibrium constants are estimated, which describe the processes and reactions occurring in the system: stepwise dissociation of acid, distribution of TBP, formation of solvates of phosphoric acid, distribution of the resulting solvates of acid, displacement of ionic equilibria in aqueous phase. Mathematically these processes are taken into account using the law of mass action and the equations of material balance. It is believed that the system has established an equilibrium corresponding to a given temperature and pressure. The calculated values of solvate concentrations are in satisfactory agreement with experimental data.
Curating across the colonial divides
Authors: Sandahl Jette
Published: May 2019

Rooted in specific cases and in the author’s background of working across the colonial divides of museums in Europe and in Aotearoa New Zealand, this chapter explores the continued colonial and supremacist default position of ethnographic museum collections in Europe. Whereas in, for instance, Aotearoa New Zealand and the United States, a focused pressure by indigenous and other un- and underrepresented communities have ensured legislative frameworks that recognize the expertise, authority and rights to self-representation of the people with an original cultural connection to the given objects, museums holding global collections in Europe are still working in an ethical void which permits a continued denial and disavowal of the implication of colonialism. Whiteness is, in James Baldwin’s term, a moral choice – and a choice still practiced by museums, when they prefer token projects of diversity and the de-legitimization and marginalization of alternative epistemologies and museological principles to a systematic process of self-reflection and de-colonization, which actively embraces present accountability for historic wrongs, and thereby enables the museum to address urgent, current global issues and conflicts.
Baroque modernity, critique and Indigenous epistemologies in museum representations of the Andes and Amazonia
Authors: Shelton Anthony Alan
Published: May 2019

This chapter examines the politics, aspirations and antagonisms that grew out of the curatorial process underlying the exhibition, The Potosi Principle (Madrid 2010, Berlin 2011, La Paz 2011), and compare them to other Andean exhibitions including Bolivian Worlds (London 1987) and Luminescence: The Silver of Peru (Vancouver 2012, Toronto 2013). The chapter questions the category of contemporary art and examines its avowed potential as radical critique and the claims that it and other exhibition strategies have marginalised indigenous epistemologies and obfuscated historical agency. The implications of this conflict between western and indigenous curators and curatorial collectives on the right of self-expression and the freedom of interpretation and critique; associated ethical conundrums and the viability of epistemological pluralism will be clearly articulated as problems requiring serious museological attention.
Affective medievalism
Authors: Prendergast Thomas , Trigg Stephanie
Published: May 2019

This book destabilises the customary disciplinary and epistemological oppositions between medieval studies and modern medievalism. It argues that the twinned concepts of “the medieval” and post-medieval “medievalism” are mutually though unevenly constitutive, not just in the contemporary era, but from the medieval period on. Medieval and medievalist culture share similar concerns about the nature of temporality, and the means by which we approach or “touch” the past, whether through textual or material culture, or the conceptual frames through which we approach those artefacts. Those approaches are often affective ones, often structured around love, abjection and discontent. Medieval writers offer powerful models for the ways in which contemporary desire determines the constitution of the past. This desire can not only connect us with the past but can reconnect present readers with the lost history of what we call the medievalism of the medievals. In other words, to come to terms with the history of the medieval is to understand that it already offers us a model of how to relate to the past. The book ranges across literary and historical texts, but is equally attentive to material culture and its problematic witness to the reality of the historical past.
Solvent Form
Authors: Pappas-Kelley Jared
Published: May 2019

Solvent form examines the destruction of art—through objects that have been destroyed (lost in fires, floods, vandalism, or similarly those artists that actively court or represent this destruction, such as Gustav Metzger), but also as a process within art that the object courts through form. In this manner, Solvent form looks to events such as the Momart warehouse fire in 2004 as well as the actions of art thief Stéphane Breitwieser in which the stolen work was destroyed. Against this overlay, a tendency is mapped whereby individuals attempt to conceptually gather these destroyed or lost objects, to somehow recoup in their absence. From this vantage, Solvent form—hinging on the dual meaning in the words solvent and solvency—proposes an idea of art as an attempt to secure and fix, which correspondingly undoes and destroys through its inception. It also weaves a narrative of art that intermingles with Jean Baudrillard’s ideas on disappearance, Georges Bataille and Paul Virilio’s negative or reverse miracle, Jean-Luc Nancy’s concept of the image (or imago as votive that keeps present the past, yet also burns), and Giorgio Agamben’s notion of art as an attempt to make the moment appear permeable. Likewise, it is through these destructions that one might distinguish a solvency within art and catch an operation in which something is made visible through these moments of destruction when art’s metaphorical undoing emerges as oddly literal.
Opportunities for improved surveillance and control of dengue from age-specific case data
Authors: Rodriguez-Barraquer Isabel , Salje Henrik , Cummings Derek A
Published: May 2019

One of the challenges faced by global disease surveillance efforts is the lack of comparability across systems. Reporting commonly focuses on overall incidence, despite differences in surveillance quality between and within countries. For most immunizing infections, the age distribution of incident cases provides a more robust picture of trends in transmission. We present a framework to estimate transmission intensity for dengue virus from age-specific incidence data, and apply it to 359 administrative units in Thailand, Colombia, Brazil and Mexico. Our estimates correlate well with those derived from seroprevalence data (the gold standard), capture the expected spatial heterogeneity in risk, and correlate with known environmental drivers of transmission. We show how this approach could be used to guide the implementation of control strategies such as vaccination. Since age-specific counts are routinely collected by masany surveillance systems, they represent a unique opportunity to further our understanding of disease burden and risk for many diseases.
Statistics of excitonic energy states based on phononic-excitonic-radiative model
Authors: Ishitani Yoshihiro , Oki Kensuke , Miyake Hideto
Published: May 2019

Excitation and deexcitation dynamics of excitons in GaN are analyzed by theoretical simulation using a set of rate equations based on a phononic-excitonic-radiative (PXR) model, which is applied to the analysis of experimentally-observed photoluminescence (PL) properties using a short pulse excitation. In phononic processes, deformation and piezoelectric interactions of the LA phonon and Fröhlich interaction of the LO phonon are taken into account. This model is successfully applied to the analysis of experimentally-observed emission line intensity ratios for excitons. This analysis reveals that the strong population exchange between the state of the principal quantum number n = 2 and the continuum takes place due to the increase in temperature. Further, the long experimental radiative lifetime component in the temporal PL decay curve up to 100 ns at room temperature (RT) is attributed to the shift of the population distribution to higher n states, which work as population reservoirs of the n = 1 state. Theoretical calculation using this model suggests that the dominant phonon mode in the excitation transfers from the n = 1 and 2 states shifts from the LA phonon to the LO phonon due to the increase in temperature from 130 K to 240 K. The PXR simulation model is feasible for the analysis of exciton-carrier dynamics and radiation efficiency analyses.
Administering the Creative Process
Authors: Tomoff Kiril
Published: May 2019

This chapter shows how the creative unions, and the Composers' Union in particular, differed from other types of Stalinist institutions—including trade unions, conservatories, and government control institutions—by tracing the emergence of the Composers' Union's two functions and sketching the basic activities of the institution in its various guises. In 1939 and 1940, the new all-USSR Composers' Union paid a great deal of attention to institution-building measures, but the Composers' Union was never just a bureaucracy. Instead, it was primarily an institutional venue for the formation and operation of the Soviet music profession. Throughout its local and all-USSR existence, the Composers' Union had two main functions that are typical of professional organizations in any modern system: providing professional support for and monitoring of its members; and overseeing the conditions that maintain members as an elite group, especially by funding them.
Brouhaha! Party Intervention and Professional Consolidation, 1948
Authors: Tomoff Kiril
Published: May 2019

This chapter explains the genesis and results of the party's most dramatic intervention into professional music life. Party intervention in music was not an inevitable final stage of the Zhdanovshchina. Rather, explosive conditions of intra-professional and institutional competition intersected with a specific set of events to turn an unsuccessful staging of a new Soviet opera into a brouhaha that not only affected the music profession but also transformed the relationship between the Composers' Union and governmental and party oversight bodies. There could be no clearer evidence that the Soviet music profession was not and could not be autonomous than the public browbeating and humiliation meted out to the leading Soviet composers in the early months of 1948, and the wholesale change in leadership that accompanied it in the Composers' Union, the government's Committee on Artistic Affairs, and at the prestigious Bol'shoi Theater.
Elite Hierarchies
Authors: Tomoff Kiril
Published: May 2019

This chapter assesses the extraordinary rewards that simultaneously reflected a composer's authority with elite audiences and, by conferring official prestige, molded that authority and shaped the audience's tastes. Honorary titles and Stalin Prizes made and marked the pinnacle of the Soviet cultural elite. Taken together, professional authority, prestige, official status, and unofficial recognition constituted composers' intellectual or creative authority, both individually and as an elite group in Stalinist society. Though diverse audiences granted the authority required to qualify for these extraordinary awards, the criteria by which they were granted were essentially determined by the professional elite, especially members of the Stalin Prize Committee. This committee formed a crucial interface between the Stalinist political leadership and the creative intelligentsia. Ultimately, the musical elite's agency to interpret musical value was used to translate creative authority into social hierarchies and material privilege.
Conclusion
Authors: Tomoff Kiril
Published: May 2019

This concluding chapter argues that, by the end of the Stalin period, Soviet music production was dominated by a professional organization. Neither a government agency run by career bureaucrats nor a trade union responsible only for its members' material well-being, the Composers' Union was founded on the principle of gathering musical expertise into a single institution, directed by composers and musicologists and focusing on the production of new Soviet music. That focus was so pronounced that two different leadership groups quietly asserted a separation between the fields of politics and artistic production in the decade before Stalin's death. Though always operating within the rubric of tasks set by the government and the party, this muted insistence on a professional sphere governed by professional norms opened up real possibilities of agency for composers and musicologists.
Introduction
Authors: Tomoff Kiril
Published: May 2019

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the Union of Soviet Composers, the institution that came to dominate musical production in the Soviet Union. The Union of Soviet Composers was one of four institutions which were known in Soviet parlance as “creative unions.” Each creative union dominated artistic production in its respective area of expertise: the Composers' Union in music, the Writers' Union in literature, the Architects' Union in architecture, and the Artists' Union in the visual arts. This book analyzes the Composers' Union in institutional, cultural, social, and economic terms in order to show that in the Soviet cultural world, artistic expertise mattered. It afforded professional musicians the agency to construct a musical culture that appealed to audiences at home and abroad.
Introduction
Authors: Huret Romain D.
Published: May 2019

In 1983, at the same time that the conservative president Ronald Reagan was lamenting the presence of “welfare queens” on inner-city streets and of “poverty traps” inherited from idealistic 1960s reformers, the Wisconsin economist Robert Lampman was recalling the heady days in 1964 when President Lyndon Baines Johnson launched the War on Poverty. Persistent, grinding poverty in such a prosperous country came as a surprise to many Americans, who believed that such a plight had disappeared amid the postwar economic boom. Lampman candidly acknowledged that even economists had been blinded by the feverish economic growth and seemingly unlimited abundance of the 1950s: “We never used the word ‘poverty.’ We used other words. And so it was something of a shock to an economist to have the word poverty suddenly remerge. It had been consigned to the dustbin. Other words like … Low-income population is one phrase for the poor. So it wasn’t fashionable to talk about the poor or talk about the poverty problem.”...
The New Wisconsin Idea
Authors: Huret Romain D.
Published: May 2019

This chapter describes the role of the University of Wisconsin and one of its economists Robert J. Lampman in the intellectual construction of a science of poverty. Lampman was sceptical about the famous Kuznets’ Curve - this Cold War diagram that argued about the near disappearance of poverty on the American soil.
Introduction
Authors: Gordon Bertram M.
Published: May 2019

The connections between tourism and war are rarely studied despite the extensive literature on both fields. Occupied France during the Second World War hardly seemed propitious for tourism, yet it continued even if in many ways attenuated. German tourism in occupied France reflected severe power imbalances between victors and vanquished. French people continued to take vacations. Postwar battlefield, heritage, and memorial tourism helped many in France and elsewhere make sense of their struggles and in a way of their very survival. State and private planning for postwar tourism continued as well. Memory tourism after the war became highly commercialized and helped make France one of the most visited countries by international tourists in the world.
Venture Capital and VC Policy
Authors: Klingler-Vidra Robyn
Published: May 2019

Chapter Three provides VC policy conceptualizations and histories that are essential to understanding what is being diffused. Knowing what the policy model is allows us to specify “what” and “how much” adaptation occurs. Venture capital is first depicted as an asset class that provides financial capital (as well as operational expertise and access to professional networks) in exchange for equity in high-growth, start-up companies. The chapter details the rise of the VC industry since its institutionalization in the World War II era and the asset class’s macroeconomic importance, in light of its ability to act as a driver of innovation, employment and economic growth. The chapter defines the categories by which public policymakers have supported VC as: regulation, taxation and funding, and depicts the Silicon Valley model as well as subsequent policy innovations by Israel and Taiwan.
Taiwan
Authors: Klingler-Vidra Robyn
Published: May 2019

Chapter Five explores how Taiwanese policymakers studied the Silicon Valley policy environment in the early 1980s, and then made significant adaptations when implementing their locally-focused, tax-credit centric interventionist VC policies. Most notably, Taiwanese policymakers, led by Minister-without-Portfolio K.T. Li, deployed tax credits geared at encouraging local, corporate VC investment rather than offering funding or regulatory changes that would promote a globally-linked VC market. Taiwan’s marquee VC policy tool (the tax credit) was pursued due to its policymakers’ preferences for using tax credits to promote local technology sector development. Taiwan’s use of a heterodox VC regulatory environment rather than Silicon Valley-like regulations stems from its policymakers’ prioritization of the local environment, particularly local investors’ preference for greater control over investment decisions and the local tax environment, over incentives to attract international fund managers.
Meditation/DHYANA
Authors: Falcone Jessica Marie
Published: May 2019

In the Introduction, I introduce the controversy that ensues between FPMT and the villagers of Kushinagar, India, due to the plan to build the biggest statue in the world: the Maitreya Project’s Maitreya statue. Beginning with a narration of the ethnographer’s first encounter with the anti-Maitreya Project resistance movement, this chapter introduces the object of my study, my methodology, as well as some of the framing narratives of the book: futurity, heritage, and advocacy. Also, in this chapter, I briefly summarize the chapters to come.
Loving-Kindness/MAITRI
Authors: Falcone Jessica Marie
Published: May 2019

Chapter eight studies the concepts of Buddhist morality that undergird the “engaged Buddhist” aspirations of FPMT, and its MPI offshoot. The chapter places “engaged Buddhism” in contrast with the top-down development practices that were at work in Kushinagar and embedded in the MPI plans. Using the concept of “develop-mentality,” the chapter looks at how the concept of modernization, economic development and progress are deployed and interpreted by various stake-holders in the conflict.
Compassion/KARUNA
Authors: Falcone Jessica Marie
Published: May 2019

This chapter focuses on the positionality and ethical challenges faced by the author. As a Buddhist and an anthropologist, the author struggled with how to be faithful to her beliefs, her scholarship and her advocacy work all at once. This chapter speaks to the complexity of participant observation, advocacy anthropology and ethnographic writing.
Regaining State Control Under Putin
Authors: Bailey Anna L.
Published: May 2019

A significant change in the Russian political economy took place from around 2000, coinciding with Vladimir Putin’s election as president. State capture gave way to increased state control in the economy, as Putin’s government moved against non-compliant oligarchs and seized control of strategically important industries. A state holding company, Rosspirtprom, was formed to recover federal control over alcohol assets. The Rosspirtprom project can be seen as part of President Putin’s re-establishment of the “power vertical” (centralised federal control) in view of the high value of alcohol revenues to regional authorities. And yet, far from providing valuable revenues to the federal coffers, Rosspirtprom has consistantly posted losses, despite its ostensibly strong starting position on the market. Where has all the money gone?
An All-Powerful Regulator
Authors: Bailey Anna L.
Published: May 2019

Explains why a brand new federal agency, RAR, was created in 2009 to regulate the Russian alcohol market, and explores how it has since become mired in allegations of poor performance and corruption. The interaction between the formal and informal aspects of the alcohol political economy in Russia is crucial to a full understanding of RAR’s activities. RAR has been accused of using selective enforcement to close down independent alcohol producers in order to clear the market for those owned by Putin’s cronies.
Beer
Authors: Bailey Anna L.
Published: May 2019

Despite the enduring popularity of vodka in Russia, in the twenty-first century a new beverage enjoyed a dramatic growth in popularity: beer. This development has had a huge impact on alcohol policy formation, with the struggle between the vodka and beer industries for market share in Russia giving rise to lobbying and counter-lobbying. Due to the rapid rise in beer’s popularity, there was a socio-political backlash against it in the early 2000s. This, together with the vodka lobby’s increasing integration with the state, enabled the latter to gain the upper hand over the brewers in the regulatory battle for competitive advantage in the Russian beverage market.
The Brewers’ Nemesis in the Duma
Authors: Bailey Anna L.
Published: May 2019

Profiles United Russia Duma deputy Viktor Zvagelskiy, who provides a fascinating case study of an alleged vodka lobbyist operating at the highest levels of Russian lawmaking. Zvagelskiy was a senior executive at the state-owned alcohol company Rosspirtprom before entering the Duma in 2007. He has had very public clashes with the brewing industry, which at one point took him to court for allegedly defaming their products, but the case was dismissed. Zvagelskiy has cooperated with public health activists on some measures, who praised his beneficial influence in tightening beer regulation.
Women in the Malay World
Authors: Aljunied Khairudin
Published: May 2019

This chapter examines Hamka’s writings about the place of women in Islam and in societies across the Malay world. Hamka was engaged in the project of “recasting gendered paradigms,” which involves reinterpreting, reconceptualizing and reconfiguring various dominant understandings about the roles, functions and responsibilities of women in Islam as reflected not only in the Qur'an and the adat (traditional customs), but also in modern discourses about women's empowerment. The chapter shows that Hamka’s commitment to advocating for women’s rights and critiquing prevailing ideas about the place of women in religion and society was a product both of his personal experiences and of the profound social and intellectual shifts that characterized his day and age.
History as a Tool of Reform
Authors: Aljunied Khairudin
Published: May 2019

This chapter assesses Hamka’s historical writings that could be termed as “reformist histories.” These histories compellingly describe the vastness of Islamic civilization while connecting its disparate and fragmented strands. Another strand of Hamka’s reformist histories underscores the agency of grassroots reformers in determining the course of Muslim history and the lessons that can be learned from their attempts to overcome the odds that were stacked against them. The last but not least, Hamka’s reformist histories underlined how a proper understanding and practice of social justice has led to positive outcomes in Muslim societies. Social justice that was enforced during the age of Islamic empires has led to making of flourishing civilizations where Muslim learnt and worked together with non-Muslims.
Conclusion
Authors: Aljunied Khairudin
Published: May 2019

Abstract and Keywords to be supplied.
The Meaning of Life, or How to Do Things with Letters
Authors: Fox Richard
Published: May 2019

This chapter develops the contrast between styles of writing – and of reasoning – by reflecting on the Balinese notion that written letters are ‘alive’. Starting from the pragmatic assumption that ‘life’ is what living things do, it examines the ‘uses and acts of aksara (letters)’ in the village community of Batan Nangka. Here we discover that life – at least in Balinese – is less a state than it is a set of relations. As with villages, granaries and human bodies, the written characters of the Balinese alphabet are forged and perdure through their ongoing participation in a complex of relationships—both internal to themselves and with others. This may begin with the linkage of their constituent elements, and subsequent affixation to other letters (e.g., in palm-leaf manuscripts). But it seems the life of letters, as with other living objects, is ultimately contingent on a form of solidarity grounded in reciprocal obligation.
Prologue
Authors: Ibrahim Nur Amali
Published: May 2019

This chapter presents ethnographic vignettes of young Indonesian Muslims behaving in religious unorthodox ways, as they mix their religious practices with secular liberal techniques. It introduces the book’s primary questions, subjects, and historical context.
The Tremblingness of Youths
Authors: Ibrahim Nur Amali
Published: May 2019

This chapter describes the student organizations where fieldwork was conducted and the data collection methods used, and introduces some of the student activists whose stories recur throughout the book. Dominant historical narratives portray such youths as key agents of Indonesian nationalism, which is why young people in Indonesia have long been permitted to feel a sense of tremblingness, or that quivering, can’t-hold-back, impatient desire to change their society and nation. This enduring youthful capacity for tremblingness propels contemporary acts of religious improvisation.
Monetary Politics
Authors: Park Gene , Katada Saori N. , Chiozza Giacomo , Kojo Yoshiko
Published: May 2019

This chapter examines existing work on monetary policy and makes the case for the necessity of an ideational approach to monetary policy. There have been two broad approaches to studying the politics of monetary policy: rationalist explanations focus on the role of material interests, while social constructivist and sociological approaches emphasize the role of ideas, norms, and identity. Rationalist approaches leave unexamined too much that is essential to monetary politics, including central bankers and the myriad influences on them. Given the global sea change in monetary policy since 2008 that has seen central bankers deploying and considering policies once virtually inconceivable, it is hard to overstate the role of ideas in monetary policy. Indeed, the debates over monetary policy by politicians, central bankers, economists, and others have been largely over the policy ideas themselves. In turning to ideas, the challenge is to specify not only the ideas but also the mechanisms by which they gain influence.
Abenomics and the Break with the BOJ Orthodoxy
Authors: Park Gene , Katada Saori N. , Chiozza Giacomo , Kojo Yoshiko
Published: May 2019

This chapter addresses how Prime Minister Abe Shinzō circumvented the monetary policy network by changing the membership of the Policy Board and how he reoriented monetary policy to reflect his reflationary priorities. Upon coming to power, Prime Minister Abe launched his Abenomics agenda based on a strategy of “three arrows”: expansionary monetary policy, flexible fiscal policy (stimulus followed by longer-term fiscal consolidation), and supply-side focused structural reforms. To push his agenda further and to lock changes in, Prime Minister Abe changed the leadership at the Bank of Japan (BOJ). He appointed Kuroda Haruhiko, a former Ministry of Finance (MOF) vice minister of international affairs who had long been an outspoken critic of the BOJ, as governor. Upon becoming governor, Kuroda moved the Policy Board to embrace an aggressive approach to combating deflation. Since the start of Governor Kuroda's much bolder deployment of unconventional monetary policy, a number of economic measures have shown improvement.
Conclusion
Authors: Park Gene , Katada Saori N. , Chiozza Giacomo , Kojo Yoshiko
Published: May 2019

This concluding chapter explores the implications of this book's study in three areas: the role of ideas in monetary policy; the role of policy networks in determining ideational coherence and salience; and the process of ideational change. Given that policy ideas do matter, and indeed are central to the politics of monetary policy, scholars need to understand the policy ideas that embody specific goals, priorities, and judgments about monetary policy as well as the conduits through which these ideas ultimately reach policymakers. One analytical value of drawing on policy networks is that it provides a framework for understanding the specific hierarchy of ideational processes that shape outcomes. Meanwhile, ideational change occurred through a breakdown in the ability of existing policy ideas to describe reality, thereby inviting wider political intervention beyond state actors.
Risk, Biases, and Logical Fallacies
Authors: Flood Julee T. , Leap Terry L.
Published: May 2019

The wide array of risks facing institutions of higher learning is presented. Risk is a multi-faceted concept that can be addressed through avoidance, assumption, reduction, transfer, and sharing using a variety of institutional arrangements. A key contribution of the book is the analysis of social and psychological traps that confront decision makers in academia.
Faculty Contracts
Authors: Flood Julee T. , Leap Terry L.
Published: May 2019

The basics of the employment relationship and the job security hierarchy are explained along with the major elements of contract law. Contracts may or may not include only the "four corners" of a contract letter, but such documents may also include faculty handbooks, memoranda of understanding, promises made during the interview process, past practices, and institutional culture. Prominent cases are examined as they pertain to the security of academic jobs.
From Contracts to Constitutions
Authors: Flood Julee T. , Leap Terry L.
Published: May 2019

Two key issues stemming from the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution are discussed: freedom of speech and academic freedom. These two ideals are largely non-existent for faculty members working at private colleges, and universities and they are probably more restricted than faculty at public institutions might imagine. This chapter focuses on U.S. Supreme Court cases (e.g., Garcetti v Ceballos) as well as AAUP definitions of academic freedom. Defamation and other free speech issues are also discussed.
Cool Optimism
Authors: Leheny David
Published: May 2019

The “Cool Japan” wave that began in 2001 has ebbed and flowed, with many continuing to extol the country’s success in global pop culture markets while others express concern that it has fallen behind “K-Pop” and the increasing global weight of China. This chapter critically examines Joseph Nye’s conception of “soft power,” considering its affective role in representing national aspirations and concerns about global status. The achievement of “soft power” became a broad goal that would link a new, creative generation to the collective endeavors of their parents and grandparents, who had built ostensibly Japan’s postwar economic miracle. In this examination of post-Bubble Japan’s nervous efforts to maintain global cultural weight, the chapter draws from Lauren Berlant’s widely noted book Cruel Optimism, particularly its recognition of addictive modes in contemporary political and social life.
Posted Worker Voice and Transnational Action
Authors: Wagner Ines
Published: May 2019

Chapter 4 shifts the perspective to power and mobilization theory to demonstrate how workers foster community and media support to address contentious workplace issues within the transnational space. Through an exemplary case, this chapter traces the process and explores the conditions under which re-territorialization can evolve in these transnational workspaces. The case examines an alliance in the meat industry between transnational posted workers, a local civil society organization, and the trade union. From an analytical perspective, the chapter considers these coalitions as examples of re-territorialization that is a form of resistance in increasingly de-territorialized labor markets. The case demonstrates that the transnational nature of posted workers’ employment relationship and living situation requires a different approach to organizing resistance beyond the traditional institutional perspectives on German trade unionism. The case goes against arguments that German trade unions traditionally refrain from forming coalitions because of their institutional position and Germany’s strong employment law.
Borders in a European Labor Market
Authors: Wagner Ines
Published: May 2019

Chapter 5 adopts a more explicitly spatial perspective and looks at how borders are constructed in both regulatory and workplace terms. It analyzes the contours of the new structure for employment relations that emerges within the pan-European labor market and studies the reshaping of the nation state from the micro-level points of view of societal actors such as mobile workers, public administration officials, firms, and trade unions. Findings demonstrate that two types of borders are significant in relation to posting in a pan-European labor market: (1) borders for labor market regulation that inhibit the enforcement of labor rights and (2) the border of the firm—that is, the border between the main and subcontracting firms that isolates workers from the host-country industrial relations systems. These borders impact the institutional separation between posted workers and host-country trade unions.
From Silencing to Mythmaking (1950–Early 1990s)
Authors: Dixon Jennifer M.
Published: May 2019

This chapter analyzes the content of, and changes and continuities in, Turkey’s narrative of the Armenian Genocide between 1950 and the early 1990s. While the genocide was silenced in the decades after World War II, the silence came under increasing international pressure in the 1970s. Armenian terrorism, combined with increased international recognition of the genocide, eventually led Turkish officials to end the silence about the genocide. Starting in 1981, the state’s narrative shifted from silencing and denying the genocide to an actively defended and articulated position that relativized the violence and presented an alternative account of what had happened. This shift also involved substantial continuity, particularly in the denial of official responsibility for the deaths of Armenians. The net effect of these changes involved the strengthening of official denial of the genocide, alongside a limited acknowledgment that something had happened to Ottoman Armenians.
Playing Hardball (1994–2008)
Authors: Dixon Jennifer M.
Published: May 2019

This chapter analyzes Turkey’s narrative of the Armenian Genocide over the period from 1994 to 2008. In the mid-1990s, subtle changes emerged in the tone and substance of the state’s narrative. Overall, however, despite major structural changes at the international level – including the end of the Cold War and Armenian independence – and the beginnings of domestic challenges to the state’s thesis, the content of the narrative was remarkably stable. These continuities stemmed in particular from feedback effects that reinforced domestic constraints on change. Beginning in 2001, the narrative shifted more substantially, coming to include a limited acknowledgment of Armenian deaths and suffering, while rationalizing these facts and continuing to reject the label “genocide.” These changes were made primarily in response to increased international recognition of the genocide and the broadening of domestic contestation questioning the official narrative, and reflected officials’ continued territorial and identity concerns.
Violence, Flight, and Hunger
Authors: Cameron Sarah
Published: May 2019

This chapter reveals Moscow’s struggle to control the Sino-Kazakh border during the period 1931-33, as hundreds of thousands of starving Kazakh refugees sought to flee across the border to Xinjiang. In stark contrast to method of border control in the Soviet Union’s west, where Moscow would adopt a less coercive approach, Soviet border guards began to shoot those who fled, a choice that escalated tensions with Republican China.