bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Medium-Scale Accidental Releases of LNG
Authors: Mocellin Paolo , Pio Gianmaria , Carboni Mattia , Pilo Francesco , Vianello Chiara , Salzano Ernesto
Published: June 2023

The need for sustainable energy sources has recently promoted the use of liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a low-carbon fuel. Although economic evaluations indicate the transportation of LNG as a convenient solution for long distances between markets and reservoirs, several concerns are still present regarding its safe use and transportation. The preliminary evaluations performed in this work indicate that credible releases deriving from real bunkering operations result in pools having a diameter smaller than 1 m, which has been poorly investigated so far. Hence, an experimental campaign devoted to the characterization of a medium-scale release of LNG was carried out either in the presence or absence of an ignition source. An evaporation rate of 0.005 kg s−1 m−2 was collected for the non-reactive scenario, whereas the measured burning rate was 0.100 kg s−1 m−2. The reduction factor of 20 demonstrates the inaccuracy in the commonly adopted assumption of equality between these values for the LNG pool. Flame morphology was characterized quantitatively and qualitatively, showing a maximum ratio between flame height and flame diameter equal to 2.5 and temperatures up to 1100 K in the proximity of the flame.
Physics-Informed Super-Resolution of Turbulent Channel Flows via Three-Dimensional Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Ward Nicholas J.
Published: June 2023

For a few decades, machine learning has been extensively utilized for turbulence research. The goal of this work is to investigate the reconstruction of turbulence from minimal or lower-resolution datasets as inputs using reduced-order models. This work seeks to effectively reconstruct high-resolution 3D turbulent flow fields using unsupervised physics-informed deep learning. The first objective of this study is to reconstruct turbulent channel flow fields and verify these with respect to the statistics. The second objective is to compare the turbulent flow structures generated from a GAN with a DNS. The proposed deep learning algorithm effectively replicated the first- and second-order statistics of turbulent channel flows of Reτ= 180 within a 2% and 5% error, respectively. Additionally, by incorporating physics-based corrections to the loss functions, the proposed algorithm was also able to reconstruct λ2 structures. The results suggest that the proposed algorithm can be useful for reconstructing a range of 3D turbulent flows given computational and experimental efforts.
Calibration and Verification of Operation Parameters for an Array of Vectrino Profilers Configured for Turbulent Flow Field Measurement around Bridge Piers—Part II
Authors: Gilja Gordon , Fliszar Robert , Harasti Antonija , Valyrakis Manousos
Published: June 2023

High-frequency velocimeters used for flow measurements during laboratory experiments allow the user to select the range for several operation parameters to set up the instrument for optimal velocity measurement. The discrepancies between velocity measurements collected with different instrument configurations can be significant, depending on the flume bed configuration and boundary conditions. The aim of this paper is to quantify the differences in flow velocity profiles measured with Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter Profilers (ADVPs) configured using a combination of profiling parameters: Ping Algorithm (PA), Transmit Pulse Size (TPS), and Cell Size (CS). Whereas in Part I of this research, the goal was to identify the optimal probe configuration for downstream measurement of the complex hydraulic structure (pier protected with riprap) based on a match of the flow rate with measurements from other instruments, in this paper, effect of distinct probe configuration on velocity profile and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) is demonstrated. Differences between ADVPs’ configurations were analyzed through sensitivity analysis with the intention to calculate and compare any discrepancies in the velocity measurements for all the three measured velocity components: streamwise u, spanwise v and vertical w collected on two characteristic flume cross-sections. The results show that each parameter change has a significant effect on the measured values of each velocity component when compared to the Target Configuration (TC). The largest root-mean-square-error (RMSE) is observed when TPS is changed, followed by CS and PA. Absolute RMSE calculated for TPS change from 4 mm to 1 mm is, on average, 6.30 cm/s, 0.90 cm/s, and 0.82 cm/s for velocity components u, v and w, respectively. Absolute RMSE calculated for CS change from 1 mm to 4 mm is, on average, 4.49 cm/s, 0.88 cm/s, and 0.71 cm/s for velocity components u, v and w, respectively. Absolute RMSE calculated for PA change from Adaptive to Max interval is, on average, 4.04 cm/s, 0.63 cm/s, and 0.68 cm/s for velocity components u, v and w, respectively. For a change in all parameters, RMSE is greater for the cross-section downstream of the pier than for the approach cross-section: on average, 90%, 57% and 54% for a change in the PA, TPS, and CS, respectively.
Gelatin Improves the Performance of Oregano Essential Oil Nanoparticle Composite Films—Application to the Preservation of Mullet
Authors: Ma Yuan , Chen Siqi , Liu Ping , He Yezheng , Chen Fang , Cai Yifan , Yang Xianqin
Published: June 2023

In this study, the addition of oregano oil chitosan nanoparticles (OEO-CSNPs) was conducted to enhance the comprehensive properties of gelatin films (GA), and the optimal addition ratio of nanoparticles was determined for its application in the preservation of mullet. Oregano oil chitosan nanoparticles were organically combined with gelatin at different concentrations (0%, 2%, 4%, 6% and 8%) to obtain oregano oil–chitosan nanoparticle–GA-based composite films (G/OEO-CSNPs), and thereafter G/OEO-CSNPs were characterized and investigated for their preservative effects on mullet. Subsequent analysis revealed that OEO-CSNPs were uniformly dispersed in the GA matrix, and that G/OEO-CSNPs had significantly improved mechanical ability, UV-visible light blocking performance and thermal stability. Furthermore, the nanoparticles exhibited excellent antioxidant and antibacterial properties, and they improved the films’ suitability as edible packaging. The attributes of the G/OEO-CSNPs were optimized, the films had the strongest radical scavenging and lowest water solubility, and electron microscopy also showed nanoparticle penetration into the polymer when the concentration of OEO-CSNPs was 6% (thickness = 0.092 ± 0.001, TS = 47.62 ± 0.37, E = 4.06 ± 0.17, water solubility = 48.00 ± 1.11). Furthermore, the GA-based composite film containing 6% OEO-CSNPs was able to inhibit microbial growth, slow fat decomposition and protein oxidation, reduce endogenous enzyme activity, and delay the spoilage of mullet during the refrigeration process, all of which indicate its excellent potential for meat preservation application.
Advanced Red Meat Cooking Technologies and Their Effect on Engineering and Quality Properties: A Review
Authors: Alfaifi Bandar M. , Al-Ghamdi Saleh , Othman Moath B. , Hobani Ali I. , Suliman Gamaleldin M.
Published: June 2023

The aim of this review is to investigate the basic principles of red meat cooking technologies, including traditional and modern methods, and their effects on the physical, thermal, mechanical, sensory, and microbial characteristics of red meat. Cooking methods were categorized into two categories: traditional (cooking in the oven and frying) and modern (ohmic, sous vide, and microwave cooking). When red meat is subjected to high temperatures during food manufacturing, it undergoes changes in its engineering and quality attributes. The quality standards of meat products are associated with several attributes that are determined by food technologists and consumers based on their preferences. Cooking improves the palatability of meat in terms of tenderness, flavor, and juiciness, in addition to eliminating pathogenic microorganisms. The process of meat packaging is one of the important processes that extend the life span of meat and increase its shelf life due to non-exposure to oxygen during cooking and ease of handling without being exposed to microbial contamination. This review highlights the significance of meat cooking mathematical modeling in understanding heat and mass transfer phenomena, reducing costs, and maintaining meat quality. The critical overview considers various production aspects/quality and proposed methods, such as, but not limited to, hurdle technology, for the mass production of meat.
Exploring Causes and Potential Solutions for Food Waste among Young Consumers
Authors: Clement Jesper , Alenčikienė Gitana , Riipi Inkeri , Starkutė Ugnė , Čepytė Kornelija , Buraitytė Agnė , Zabulionė Aelita , Šalaševičienė Alvija
Published: June 2023

Young consumers are often described as innovative and concerned about the environment. However, their practices sometimes are not strong enough, which are described as the attitude–behavior gap and are seen in significant amounts of food waste. The objective of this study is to focus on food waste among young consumers in high-income countries and to outline the main determinants of food waste generation. Qualitative data gathered from nine focus groups in Lithuania, Finland and Denmark (2021–2022) contribute to formulating potential intervention to decrease food waste behavior within this segment. The article provides a substantial literature review on food waste and discusses recommendations for possible interventions and further research to solve the attitude–behavior gap. The findings show four specific fields for potential solutions, related to (1) special occasions, (2) assessing food quality, (3) kitchen habits, and (4) shopping habits. Our contribution is discussed at the end of the article.
The Hydrolysis of Pigment-Protein Phycoerythrin by Bromelain Enhances the Color Stability
Authors: Sun Yifei , Cui Yuanmeng , Wang Ruhua , Ma Junrui , Sun Haili , Cheng Lei , Yang Rui
Published: June 2023

Phycoerythrin (PE) is a natural protein–pigment complex with a strong pink color, but it is sensitive to thermal and light variations. In this study, PE was extracted from Porphyra haitanensis in a yield of 0.2% (w/w). The phycoerythrin hydrolysates (PEH) (3–10 kDa) were prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of PE with bromelain (8000 U/g) at 47 °C for 30 min, with a degree of hydrolysis (DH) of 11.57 ± 0.39% and a color degradation rate of 7.98 ± 0.39%. The physicochemical properties of PEH were evaluated. The UV and fluorescence spectra indicated that bromelain changed the microenvironment around phycoerythrobilin (PEB). The infrared spectrum revealed that the bromelain hydrolysis increased the α-helix content of PEH. The scanning electron microscope showed that bromelain destroyed the dense and smooth structure of PE, resulting in irregular porous structures. The radical scavenging activities of DPPH and ABTS of PEH were increased relative to that of PE (p < 0.05). The thermal (50–80 °C)-, UV (0.5–3 h)-, visible light irradiation (2–8 h)-, and metal ion exposing stabilities of PEH were significantly improved (p < 0.05). This study provides a potential scheme for overcoming the sensitivity of PE to thermal and light variations and facilitates PEH as a natural colorant ingredient in food and pigment applications.
Folate Enrichment of Whole-Meal Spaghetti Using Durum Wheat Debranning Fractions
Authors: Di Nardo Valentina , De Arcangelis Elisa , Messia Maria Cristina , Ruggeri Stefania , Marconi Emanuele
Published: June 2023

Durum wheat debranning fractions (fine and coarse bran) were obtained and included as an ingredient in the formulation of whole-meal spaghetti to study their chemical–nutritional characteristics, in particular folate levels and sensorial properties. Experimental raw pasta had a higher folate content (40.5 µg/100 g) than commercial whole-meal pasta (28.3 µg/100 g), meeting the requirements for the health claim on folate (Reg. EU 432/2012) and for the nutritional claim on dietary fiber. After cooking, folate retention in pasta formulated with coarse bran was 80% and scored an overall “good” sensorial acceptability. Results indicate that whole-meal pasta formulated with folate-rich debranning fractions may represent a natural functional food that, integrated into the diet, could improve the health status of the population.
Maximum Principle for Nonlinear Fractional Differential Equations with the Hilfer Derivative
Authors: Elbukhari Abu Bakr , Fan Zhenbin , Li Gang
Published: June 2023

In this paper, two significant inequalities for the Hilfer fractional derivative of a function in the space ACγ([0,b],Rn), 0≤γ≤1 are obtained. We first verified the extremum principle for the Hilfer fractional derivative. In addition, we estimated the Hilfer derivative of a function at its extreme points. Furthermore, we derived and proved a maximum principle for a nonlinear Hilfer fractional differential equation. Finally, we analyzed the solutions of a nonlinear Hilfer fractional differential equation. Our results generalize and extend some obtained theorems on this topic.
A Unified Description of the Electrical Properties with Complex Dynamical Patterns in Metal Halide Perovskite Photovoltaics
Authors: Hernández-Balaguera Enrique , Martin-Martin Diego
Published: June 2023

One of the most promising emerging photovoltaic technologies is represented by perovskite materials essentially due to their outstanding performance. However, the complex fundamental understanding of relevant device physics is challenging, making it harder to obtain correlations with efficiency and long-term stability, and thus definitely transforming the landscape of solar energy. In electrical terms, perovskite solar cells often show different types of experimental behaviors at long timescales (light-enhanced capacitance and chemical inductor) in separate voltage domains, but with permanent deviations from the ideal pattern (Cole–Cole relaxation processes, fractional dynamics, and beyond). Here, we reevaluate the dynamical behavior of a photovoltaic perovskite model that leads to the two versions of constant-phase element behavior in the impedance response. Our general theory is, therefore, able to explain naturally the vast majority of results concerning the nonlinear polarization mechanisms of perovskite solar cells, extending the mathematical framework from the perspective of fractional-order electrical circuits. In this context, we discover a novel property that reveals the anomalous electrical coupling of memory effects in photovoltaic perovskites. We hope that this work can provide a useful tool for modeling experts and device physicists belonging to the photovoltaic community, moving forward toward addressing the outstanding challenges in this fast-developing field.
Hepatitis C and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in the 21st Century: Impact on Liver Disease and Liver Transplantation
Authors: Samuel Sonia , Abulawi Ahmad , Malik Raza
Published: June 2023

Hepatitis C infection is a leading etiology of hepatic dysfunction and a major indication for liver transplantation due to the development of fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and, specifically, its subtype nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a rising cause of liver disease. It is predicted to surpass hepatitis C as a leading indication for transplant. The introduction of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) decreased the prevalence of chronic hepatitis C infections, but the obesity epidemic and metabolic syndrome have increased the prevalence of NASH. Weight loss and dietary modifications are recommended NASH therapies, but unlike for hepatitis C, federally approved agents are lacking and currently under investigation. Clinical trials face many barriers in NASH treatment because of the difficulty of diagnosis and a lack of standardized and accurate clinical and histologic responses. Mortality and morbidity in NASH are heightened because of the presence of multiple comorbidities including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and renal dysfunction. A liver transplant may be indicated, but a thorough screening of candidates, including a comprehensive cardiovascular assessment, is essential to ensuring successful outcomes pre- and post-transplant. Therapeutic agents for NASH are warranted before it becomes a significant and leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.
Organic Geochemistry of Crude Oils from the Kohat Basin, Pakistan
Authors: Siyar Syed Mamoon , Ali Fayaz , Ahmad Sajjad , Kontakiotis George , Janjuhah Hammad Tariq , Jahandad Samina , Naseem Waqas
Published: June 2023

The crude oils from the reservoirs of Mela-01 and Mela-04 wells located in the Kohat Basin, Pakistan, were geochemically analyzed to evaluate the origin, depositional conditions, and thermal maturity of the rock units and possible facies from which these oils were sourced. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was performed on the samples to obtain biomarker and non-biomarker parameters. Analyzed non-biomarker parameters, including carbon preference index (CPI), terrigenous to aquatic ratio (TAR), isoprenoids pristane to phytane (Pr/Ph), and biomarker parameters, including steranes and dibenzothiophene/phenanthrene (DBT/P) of aromatic compounds, were utilized in the present study to achieve the objectives. Most of these parameters suggest a mixed source of organic matter (marine/terrestrial) with sub-oxic conditions in the source rocks for the analyzed oil samples in the studied wells from Mela oilfield, Kohat Basin. Furthermore, the CPI and different biomarker parameters such as steranes C29 S/S+R, ββ/αα+ββ), moretane to hopane (M29/C30H), pentacyclic terpanes C27 (Ts/Ts+Tm), H32 (S/S+R) hopanes, and aromatic methylphenanthrene index (MPI) indicate that the analyzed oils have originated from thermally mature rocks falling in the oil window. As the studied Kohat Basin has multiple source rocks and contributes to the major petroleum production of the country, the present investigations reveal that its okthe Mela oils were generated by the strata of mixed organic matter that were deposited in marine sub-oxic conditions. Furthermore, this study suggests that this stratum would also have been produced in unexplored surrounding areas such as Tirah, Orakzai, and the Bannu Depression.
Comparing Flow-R, Rockyfor3D and RAMMS to Rockfalls from the Mel de la Niva Mountain: A Benchmarking Exercise
Authors: Noël François , Nordang Synnøve Flugekvam , Jaboyedoff Michel , Digout Michael , Guerin Antoine , Locat Jacques , Matasci Battista
Published: June 2023

Rockfall simulations are often performed at various levels of detail depending on the required safety margins of rockfall-hazard-related assessments. As a pseudo benchmark, the simulation results from different models can be put side-by-side and compared with reconstructed rockfall trajectories, and mapped deposited block fragments from real events. This allows for assessing the objectivity, predictability, and sensitivity of the models. For this exercise, mapped data of past events from the Mel de la Niva site are used in this paper for a qualitative comparison with simulation results obtained from early calibration stages of the Flow-R 2.0.9, Rockyfor3D 5.2.15 and RAMMS::ROCKFALL 1.6.70 software. The large block fragments, reaching hundreds of megajoules during their fall, greatly exceed the rockfall energies of the empirical databases used for the development of most rockfall models. The comparison for this challenging site shows that the models could be improved and that combining the use of software programs with different behaviors could be a workaround in the interim. The findings also highlight the inconvenient importance of calibrating the simulations on a per-site basis from onsite observations. To complement this process, a back calculation tool is briefly described and provided. This work also emphasizes the need to better understand rockfall dynamics to help improve rebound models.
Physically Based and Empirical Ground Motion Prediction Equations for Multiple Intensity Measures (PGA, PGV, Ia, FIV3, CII, and Maximum Fourier Acceleration Spectra) on Sakhalin Island
Authors: Konovalov Alexey , Orlin Ilia , Stepnov Andrey , Stepnova Yulia
Published: June 2023

In the present study, empirical attenuation relations for multiple ground motion intensity measures (PGA, PGV, Ia, FIV3, CII, and MFAS) were developed for Sakhalin Island (in the far east of Russia). A recorded strong motion dataset was used, making GMPEs applicable in active crustal regions with an earthquake magnitude range of 4–6 and a distance range of up to 150 km. The hypocentral distance was used as a basic distance metric. For the first time in the research, an analytical representation of Arias intensity (Ia) was obtained in the framework of a multi-asperity source model. Asperities are considered as sub-sources of high-frequency incoherent radiation. The physical representation of the attenuation model in our study was based on a stress drop on the asperities and the ratio of the total rupture area to the combined area of asperities. The average stress drop on asperities for the examined earthquakes was approximately 13.4 MPa, and the ratio of the total rupture area to the asperity area was 0.22, which is generally close to similar estimates for crustal earthquakes. The coefficients and statistical scattering of the attenuation models were also analyzed. Moreover, a magnitude scale based on a modified Arias intensity is proposed in the present study. The new magnitude scale has an explicit physical meaning and is characterized by its simplicity of measurement. It is associated with the acceleration source spectrum level and can be successfully used in early warning systems.
Optimal Physical Activity Is Associated with the Reduction of Depressive Symptoms via Neuroticism and Resilience
Authors: Nakajima Kazuki , Shimura Akiyoshi , Kikkawa Masayuki , Ito Shunichiro , Honyashiki Mina , Tamada Yu , Higashi Shinji , Ichiki Masahiko , Inoue Takeshi , Masuya Jiro
Published: June 2023

Background: Personality traits, such as neuroticism, that results in vulnerability to stress, and resilience, a measure of stress coping, are closely associated with the onset of depressive symptoms, whereas regular physical activity habits have been shown to reduce depressive symptoms. In this study, the mediating effects of neuroticism and resilience between physical activity duration and depressive symptoms were investigated by a covariance structure analysis. Methods: Between April 2017 and April 2018, 526 adult volunteers were surveyed using self-administered questionnaires. Demographic information, habitual physical activity duration (PAD), neuroticism, and resilience were investigated. The effects of these factors on depressive symptoms were analyzed by a covariance structure analysis. This study was conducted with the approval of the Medical Ethics Committee of Tokyo Medical University. Results: The dose–response curves of physical activity duration and depression scores were U-shaped: the optimal physical activity duration for the lowest depression score was 25.7 h/week. We found that the greater the difference from the optimal PAD, the higher the neuroticism and the lower the resilience, and the more severe the depressive symptoms. Covariance structure analysis demonstrated that neuroticism and resilience significantly and completely mediated the effects of the difference from the optimal PAD on depressive symptoms (coefficient of determination R2 = 0.349). Conclusion: Our study suggests that there is an optimal PAD that reduces depressive symptoms, and that a greater difference from the optimal PAD increases depressive symptoms through neuroticism and resilience.
The Girl Who Wants to Get Rid of Her Left Leg—Body Identity Dysphoria
Authors: Kasten Erich
Published: June 2023

Introduction: One of the strangest kinds of misperceptions of the body is “Body Integrity Dysphoria” (BID), formerly named as “Body Identity Integrity Disorder” (BIID). The affected people have the feeling that a limb is not part of their body. They can feel it, they can use it, they can move it, but they cannot get along with the fact that it is a part of their own body. Most feel the need for an amputation of a leg, others of both legs, some want a palsy and use a wheelchair. Still discussed is whether other disablements such as blindness, dumbness, deafness or a desire to have an incontinency can be included in this diagnosis. This review discusses parallels and differences to transgender/trans identity, body dysmorphic disorder, alien limb syndrome, hemineglect, and self-induced amputations in schizophrenic patients. The cause for the need to be disabled is still unknown; the review gives an overview about psychological and neurological theories of explanation and what kind of therapy may help. Methods: This is a narrative review of about 20 years of research about Body Integrity Dysphoria by the author. Results: Overall, no psychopathological deviations were found, none of the affected persons examined by us were actually delusional or schizophrenic, which underlines that there is a neurological malfunction in the brain that has existed since birth. However, psychological mechanisms intensify the symptoms. There are clear parallels to other forms of interference between the external body and mental body representation. Different types of therapies have been able to provide help to better deal with BID, but there has been little to bring about a real cure. In contrast, BID-affected persons who achieved amputation (or other desired forms of disability) were satisfied and able to return to work. Conclusions: BID remains an enigmatic disorder. We have learned a lot over the past 20 years that the mental and physical bodies do not have to match.
The Impact of Patient Infection Rate on Emergency Department Patient Flow: Hybrid Simulation Study in a Norwegian Case
Authors: Terning Gaute , El-Thalji Idriss , Brun Eric Christian
Published: June 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic put emergency departments all over the world under severe and unprecedented distress. Previous methods of evaluating patient flow impact, such as in-situ simulation, tabletop studies, etc., in a rapidly evolving pandemic are prohibitively impractical, time-consuming, costly, and inflexible. For instance, it is challenging to study the patient flow in the emergency department under different infection rates and get insights using in-situ simulation and tabletop studies. Despite circumventing many of these challenges, the simulation modeling approach and hybrid agent-based modeling stand underutilized. This study investigates the impact of increased patient infection rate on the emergency department patient flow by using a developed hybrid agent-based simulation model. This study reports findings on the patient infection rate in different emergency department patient flow configurations. This study’s results quantify and demonstrate that an increase in patient infection rate will lead to an incremental deterioration of the patient flow metrics average length of stay and crowding within the emergency department, especially if the waiting functions are introduced. Along with other findings, it is concluded that waiting functions, including the waiting zone, make the single average length of stay an ineffective measure as it creates a multinomial distribution of several tendencies.
Straightforward Stereoscopic Techniques for Archaeometric Interpretation of Archeological Artifacts
Authors: Gajski Dubravko , Župan Robert , Racetin Ivana , Krstić Ružica
Published: June 2023

Stereoscopic visualization plays a significant role in the detailed and accurate interpretation of various geometric features on the surface of archaeological artifacts, which can be challenging to perceive using conventional two-dimensional visualizations. Moreover, virtual 3D models can be shared with other archaeologists for interpretation and the exchange of opinions. The hardware requirements for rendering stereoscopic 3D models are often readily available on desktop computers, or require only a minimal investment for implementation. This article focuses on creating stereoscopic visualizations of a stylized dove-shaped cult vessel for a virtual museum project. The term “visualization” is defined, emphasizing its significance and everyday applications. The camerawork techniques and processes involved in stereoscopic image production, including anaglyph imaging and polarization, are described. Blender (community-driven project under the GNU General Public License (GPL), Blender Foundation is a member of Open Invention Network, Khronos, Linux Foundation and the Academy Software Foundation) and StereoPhoto Maker (Muttyan, Japan) are reviewed as they relate to the production process of stereoscopic visualizations using open-source software. A series of static stereoscopic visualizations, along with two dynamic stereoscopic examples, are created, one using the anaglyph process, and the other using polarization. Lastly, the article discusses the contribution of stereoscopic visualizations to the interpretation of archaeological artifacts and suggests the optimal parameters for creating stereoscopic visualizations.
Bridging the Digital Gap: A Content Analysis of Mental Health Activities on University Websites
Authors: Thaivalappil Abhinand , Stringer Jillian , Burnett Alison , Young Ian , Papadopoulos Andrew
Published: June 2023

Mental health concerns are common among university and college students. Digital mental health resources and support are offered through university websites. However, the content and type of mental health activities of these institutions have not been analyzed. The aim of this study was to conduct a content analysis of mental health commitment and practices listed on Canadian postsecondary institutional websites. A 27-variable codebook was developed to map the content of all Canadian postsecondary institutions (n = 90). Descriptive statistics were applied to provide a broad snapshot of current institutional wellbeing activities. Nearly all institutions offered crisis response options, and multiple mental health supports through various modalities. However, few institutions had a wellbeing framework (34%), engaged in recent campuswide anti-stigma campaigns (33%), tracked campus wellness activities (13%), monitored student mental health outcomes (13%), and solicited feedback through the wellness center webpages (14%). These outcomes were similar across all geographic regions but statistically significantly different between small, medium, and large institutions. Findings suggest institutions need to address these gaps, provide smaller institutions with greater governmental support for building mental health capacity, and work towards developing a centralized hub for mental health that is accessible, navigable, and considers student needs and preferences.
Wildfires and Older Adults: A Scoping Review of Impacts, Risks, and Interventions
Authors: Melton Colleen Cummings , De Fries Carson M. , Smith Rebecca M. , Mason Lisa Reyes
Published: June 2023

Climate change is leading to worsening disasters that disproportionately impact older adults. While research has begun to measure disparities, there is a gap in examining wildfire-specific disasters. To address this gap, this scoping review analyzed literature to explore the nexus of wildfires and older adults. We searched peer-reviewed literature using the following inclusion criteria: (1) published in a peer-reviewed journal; (2) available in English; (3) examines at least one topic related to wildfires; and (4) examines how criterion three relates to older adults in at least one way. Authors screened 261 titles and abstracts and 138 were reviewed in full, with 75 articles meeting inclusion criteria. Findings heavily focused on health impacts of wildfires on older adults, particularly of smoke exposure and air quality. While many articles mentioned a need for community-engaged responses that incorporate the needs of older adults, few addressed firsthand experiences of older adults. Other common topics included problems with evacuation, general health impacts, and Indigenous elders’ fire knowledge. Further research is needed at the nexus of wildfires and older adults to highlight both vulnerabilities and needs as well as the unique experience and knowledge of older adults to inform wildfire response strategies and tactics.
Maternal Employment and Child Malnutrition in Ecuador
Authors: Andrade José , Gil Joan
Published: June 2023

Background: This paper estimates the causal impact of maternal employment on childhood malnutrition status in Ecuador to understand the trade-off between the time mothers devote to work and the time they dedicate to child-caring activities. Methods: We use the instrumental variables (IV) approach and exogenous cantonal variation in maternal labor market conditions to account for the potential endogeneity of mothers’ employment. The analysis employs the Ecuadorian National Health and Nutrition Survey 2018 and the Living Conditions Survey 2014. Results: The IV estimations indicate that maternal employment increases the probability of having stunted children by between 4.2 and 18.1 percent, while no significant effect is found in the case of children suffering from wasting, being underweight, or being overweight. The effect of maternal employment on stunting is stronger among mothers with high education and living in high-income households. Inconclusive effects of mothers’ overweight status are reported. The results are robust to several robustness checks. Conclusions: Overall, our findings suggest that the additional income that a working mother may obtain (the income effect) does not offset the loss of time available for direct childcare (the time constraint) in terms of child health status, and this effect is even more apparent for more affluent and more educated mothers. Government interventions, including effective conditional cash transfers and/or in-kind family policies, intended to reduce the cost of raising children among vulnerable families appear to be aligned with our findings.
Cervical Screening Reminders for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Women in Primary Care—Randomised Controlled Trial of Letter vs. Phone/SMS Reminders
Authors: Ivers Rowena , Levett Trish , Wynn Kyla
Published: June 2023

(1) Background: Aboriginal women have a higher mortality from cervical cancer, yet cervical screening rates are lower than for other Australian women. (2) Methods: A randomised controlled trial of reminder letter vs. phone call/SMS for routine cervical screening testing in an Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation in NSW. (3) Results: 256 women aged between 25 and 74 who were due for cervical screening were randomised to receive a reminder letter (and up to two further letters for non-responders) or a phone call (followed by up to two SMS) to attend the screening. A total of 15 women (12.5%) attended for cervical screening test within 3 months following a letter, and 24 women (17.6%) after a phone call/SMS reminder; this difference was not significant (p = 0.252). Time spent on sending letters vs. phone calls/SMS was similar; the cost was lowest for SMS. (4) Conclusion: Response to reminders was lower than expected. While there was no significant difference in effectiveness in letter vs. phone call/SMS for cervical screening recalls, reminder systems, including opportunistic reminders, can play a role in encouraging women to participate in screening programs in conjunction with national screening registers. The choice of reminder type should be left to service and consumer preference.
Using Simulations to Help Public Health Students Overcome Language Barriers for Better Health Outcomes
Authors: Skjerve Hilde , Braaum Lars Erik , Goth Ursula Småland , Sørensen Anette
Published: June 2023

Growing migration into Norway has increasingly strained the country’s health services. Good communication is essential to ensure quality care. Often, healthcare workers and immigrant clients do not share a common language, and it is known that the conditions and expectations of immigrant clients can be different from the majority population. This study aimed to explore the viability of utilizing simulations as a pedagogical tool for educating public health students in effectively navigating a multicultural environment to promote better health outcomes. This study is a component of an extra-curricular training project that utilized a convergent mixed-methods design. The present study focuses on reporting the qualitative component of the findings. The data collection process encompassed the implementation of a stepwise simulation exercise with case-based clinical scenarios focusing on three lifestyle diseases specifically designed for this study. Method triangulation was achieved by using different methodological approaches in the analysis. Our results show the importance of simulation training for healthcare students when working with clients who do not share the same language. Interactions with clients of different backgrounds must be practiced, and simulations can be used to improve healthcare students’ communication skills. The study highlights the need for healthcare education programs to integrate cultural competence simulation training and broaden the scope of medical training to address culturally challenging encounters.
A Spatial Relation Model of Three-Dimensional Electronic Navigation Charts Based on Point-Set Topology Theory
Authors: Zhang Yunong , Zhang Anmin , Gao Miao , Liang Yi
Published: June 2023

Spatial relation models are the basis for realising three-dimensional spatial analysis. More researchers are now focusing on models that combine topological relations with distance or directional relations; however, a model that unifies all three relations has not yet been developed. In particular, it is more effective to use different spatial relations between features with different spatial characteristics in three-dimensional electronic navigation charts (3D ENC). Therefore, this paper proposes a 3D ENC feature spatial relation model (3DSRM) based on point-set topology theory, which combines 3D topological relations, distance relations and directional relations, and uses a unified model framework to describe 64 topological relations of 3D ENC features from both horizontal and vertical directions. Through the comparison and derivation of feature topological relations, it is demonstrated that the model can distinguish 3D spatial topological relations more comprehensively, realise the mutual derivation between spatial relations and spatial features, and improve the robustness of spatial relations judgement. The model can be used to judge the topological relations between features, realise 3D topological relation checking and topological creation of complex features, and improve the accuracy and interactivity of 3D ENC.
Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Fibroblast Growth Factor 11 (FGF11) Role in Brown Adipocytes in Thermogenic Regulation of Goats
Authors: Jiang Tingting , Su Duo , Liu Xin , Wang Yan , Wang Linjie
Published: June 2023

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is the main site of adaptive thermogenesis, generates heat to maintain body temperature upon cold exposure, and protects against obesity by promoting energy expenditure. RNA-seq analysis revealed that FGF11 is enriched in BAT. However, the functions and regulatory mechanisms of FGF11 in BAT thermogenesis are still limited. In this study, we found that FGF11 was significantly enriched in goat BAT compared with white adipose tissue (WAT). Gain- and loss-of-function experiments revealed that FGF11 promoted differentiation and thermogenesis in brown adipocytes. However, FGF11 had no effect on white adipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, FGF11 promoted the expression of the UCP1 protein and an EBF2 element was responsible for UCP1 promoter activity. Additionally, FGF11 induced UCP1 gene expression through promoting EBF2 binding to the UCP1 promoter. These results revealed that FGF11 promotes differentiation and thermogenesis in brown adipocytes but not in white adipocytes of goats. These findings provide evidence for FGF11 and transcription factor regulatory functions in controlling brown adipose thermogenesis of goats.
MicroRNA PC-3p-2869 Regulates Antler Growth and Inhibits Proliferation and Migration of Human Osteosarcoma and Chondrosarcoma Cells by Targeting CDK8, EEF1A1, and NTN1
Authors: Yang Fan , Wu Jin , Zhao Mindie , Zheng Han , Suo Jingyuan , Liu Xuedong , Zheng Dong
Published: June 2023

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in maintaining the balance between the rapid growth and suppression of tumorigenesis during antler regeneration. This study investigated the role of a novel miRNA, PC-3p-2869 (miR-PC-2869), in antler growth and its therapeutic potential in human osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma. Stem-loop RT-qPCR showed that miR-PC-2869 was expressed extensively in diverse layers of antler tissues. Overexpression of miR-PC-2869 suppressed the proliferation and migration of antler cartilage cells. Similarly, heterologous expression of miR-PC-2869 reduced the proliferation, colony formation, and migration of osteosarcoma cell line MG63 and U2OS and chondrosarcoma cell line SW1353. Moreover, 18 functional target genes of miR-PC-2869 in humans were identified based on the screening of the reporter library. Among them, 15 target genes, including CDK8, EEF1A1, and NTN1, possess conserved miR-PC-2869-binding sites between humans and red deer (Cervus elaphus). In line with this, miR-PC-2869 overexpression decreased the expression levels of CDK8, EEF1A1, and NTN1 in MG63, SW1353, and antler cartilage cells. As expected, the knockdown of CDK8, EEF1A1, or NTN1 inhibited the proliferation and migration of MG63, SW1353, and antler cartilage cells, demonstrating similar suppressive effects as miR-PC-2869 overexpression. Furthermore, we observed that CDK8, EEF1A1, and NTN1 mediated the regulation of c-myc and cyclin D1 by miR-PC-2869 in MG63, SW1353, and antler cartilage cells. Overall, our work uncovered the cellular functions and underlying molecular mechanism of antler-derived miR-PC-2869, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic candidate for bone cancer.
Exploring the Role of Enhancer-Mediated Transcriptional Regulation in Precision Biology
Authors: Wang Xueyan , Liu Danli , Luo Jing , Kong Dashuai , Zhang Yubo
Published: June 2023

The emergence of precision biology has been driven by the development of advanced technologies and techniques in high-resolution biological research systems. Enhancer-mediated transcriptional regulation, a complex network of gene expression and regulation in eukaryotes, has attracted significant attention as a promising avenue for investigating the underlying mechanisms of biological processes and diseases. To address biological problems with precision, large amounts of data, functional information, and research on the mechanisms of action of biological molecules is required to address biological problems with precision. Enhancers, including typical enhancers and super enhancers, play a crucial role in gene expression and regulation within this network. The identification and targeting of disease-associated enhancers hold the potential to advance precision medicine. In this review, we present the concepts, progress, importance, and challenges in precision biology, transcription regulation, and enhancers. Furthermore, we propose a model of transcriptional regulation for multi-enhancers and provide examples of their mechanisms in mammalian cells, thereby enhancing our understanding of how enhancers achieve precise regulation of gene expression in life processes. Precision biology holds promise in providing new tools and platforms for discovering insights into gene expression and disease occurrence, ultimately benefiting individuals and society as a whole.
The Regulatory Network of Sweet Corn (Zea mays L.) Seedlings under Heat Stress Revealed by Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis
Authors: Wang Zhuqing , Xiao Yang , Chang Hailong , Sun Shengren , Wang Jianqiang , Liang Qinggan , Wu Qingdan , Wu Jiantao , Qin Yuanxia , Chen Junlv , Wang Gang , Wang Qinnan
Published: June 2023

Heat stress is an increasingly significant abiotic stress factor affecting crop yield and quality. This study aims to uncover the regulatory mechanism of sweet corn response to heat stress by integrating transcriptome and metabolome analyses of seedlings exposed to normal (25 °C) or high temperature (42 °C). The transcriptome results revealed numerous pathways affected by heat stress, especially those related to phenylpropanoid processes and photosynthesis, with 102 and 107 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified, respectively, and mostly down-regulated in expression. The metabolome results showed that 12 or 24 h of heat stress significantly affected the abundance of metabolites, with 61 metabolites detected after 12 h and 111 after 24 h, of which 42 metabolites were detected at both time points, including various alkaloids and flavonoids. Scopoletin-7-o-glucoside (scopolin), 3-indolepropionic acid, acetryptine, 5,7-dihydroxy-3′,4′,5′-trimethoxyflavone, and 5,6,7,4′-tetramethoxyflavanone expression levels were mostly up-regulated. A regulatory network was built by analyzing the correlations between gene modules and metabolites, and four hub genes in sweet corn seedlings under heat stress were identified: RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 2 (RDR2), UDP-glucosyltransferase 73C5 (UGT73C5), LOC103633555, and CTC-interacting domain 7 (CID7). These results provide a foundation for improving sweet corn development through biological intervention or genome-level modulation.
Updating Our Knowledge on Fish Immunology
Authors: Chaves-Pozo Elena , Cuesta Alberto
Published: June 2023

Fish is the first group of vertebrates to appear during animal evolution [...]
Current Understanding on Why Ovarian Cancer Is Resistant to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Pawłowska Anna , Rekowska Anna , Kuryło Weronika , Pańczyszyn Anna , Kotarski Jan , Wertel Iwona
Published: June 2023

The standard treatment of ovarian cancer (OC) patients, including debulking surgery and first-line chemotherapy, is unsatisfactory because of recurrent episodes in the majority (~70%) of patients with advanced OC. Clinical trials have shown only a modest (10–15%) response of OC individuals to treatment based on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The resistance of OC to therapy is caused by various factors, including OC heterogeneity, low density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), non-cellular and cellular interactions in the tumor microenvironment (TME), as well as a network of microRNA regulating immune checkpoint pathways. Moreover, ICIs are the most efficient in tumors that are marked by high microsatellite instability and high tumor mutation burden, which is rare among OC patients. The great challenge in ICI implementation is connected with distinguishing hyper-, pseudo-, and real progression of the disease. The understanding of the immunological, molecular, and genetic mechanisms of OC resistance is crucial to selecting the group of OC individuals in whom personalized treatment would be beneficial. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the selected factors inducing OC resistance and discuss the future directions of ICI-based immunotherapy development for OC patients.