bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy Harvesting on Airport Pavements Ambient Dependent: Ponta Delgada Airport Case Study
Authors: Correia Diogo , Ferreira Adelino
Published: January 2023

Energy transition is an important issue for countries trying to meet their greenhouse gas (GHG) emission targets. To achieve this reduction, the Portuguese government has budgeted a total of EUR 116 M to aid energy transition in the Autonomous Region of the Azores by 2029. This work presents a solution for producing electricity using photovoltaic panels (PV) to settle in the top of the airport pavement. In addition to producing sustainable electricity, the implementation of panels in the civil airport infrastructure allows us to address the reduction of emissions in the ICAO’s Carbon Offsetting and the Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) program. Currently, PV panels are unable to support the weight of aircraft so the installation must be in the areas of the pavement where there is no regular aircraft traffic. As a result of the study, a production of about 9 GWh/year was achieved with an LCOE of 143 EUR/MWh, reducing emissions to about 6-ton CO2/year.
The Relationship between Motivation and the Role of the Night of the Museums Event: Case Study in Oradea Municipality, Romania
Authors: Herman Grigore Vasile , Grama Vasile , Ilieș Alexandru , Safarov Bahodirhon , Ilieș Dorina Camelia , Josan Ioana , Buzrukova Makhina , Janzakov Bekzot , Privitera Donatella , Dehoorne Olivier , Caciora Tudor
Published: January 2023

Cultural events are relevant attractions in contemporary cities that can be understood as celebrations, but also as agents of urban change. The primary objective of this study is to identify emerging themes in the area of cultural events, especially the Night of Museums, and to highlight the relationships among museums as places of learning and aesthetic satisfaction. To reach this goal, an exploratory and descriptive study was conducted. Multinomial logistic regression (MLR) and Regression Analysis were further performed. The results show that physical environment and situational interactions play a decisive role in contextual perception of the importance of events. Curiosity, gratuity, the need to learn and spending free time in the most pleasant way are just a few reasons that lead citizens to direct their attention in a special way. Additionally, this study not only limited to cultural tourism, but also contributes to literature in the area of economy, sustainability and environment. Moreover, our findings have implications for policy makers to identify practices and education that can improve the understanding of cultural and social value.
A Review of Offshore Renewable Energy in South America: Current Status and Future Perspectives
Authors: Shadman Milad , Roldan-Carvajal Mateo , Pierart Fabian G. , Haim Pablo Alejandro , Alonso Rodrigo , Silva Corbiniano , Osorio Andrés F. , Almonacid Nathalie , Carreras Griselda , Maali Amiri Mojtaba , Arango-Aramburo Santiago , Rosas Miguel Angel , Pelissero Mario , Tula Roberto , Estefen Segen F. , Pastor Marcos Lafoz , Saavedra Osvaldo Ronald
Published: January 2023

This paper addresses the current status and future research and development perspectives associated with technologies to harness offshore renewable energy, including offshore wind, waves, tides, ocean currents, and thermal and salinity gradient, in South America (SA). It focuses on five countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Uruguay. At first, a comprehensive survey presents the number of scientific papers classified based on the resource to show the tendency and importance of such subjects in the academic community. Each country’s electricity matrix and grid connection are shown to understand the region’s renewable source participation situation. The potential of offshore renewable resources is addressed by considering the published technical papers in scientific journals. The main conflicts and synergies associated with ocean space utilization are presented by considering the exclusive economic zone of each country. The status of the regulatory frameworks to promote and development of offshore renewable energies is presented. Two sections are dedicated to presenting the active, decommissioned and planned projects, research groups and laboratory infrastructures to develop the technologies. The last section discusses the future perspectives on the development of this sector in SA. It is observed that SA, with more than 25,000 km of coastline, has a great potential for offshore renewable energy; however, so far, these resources have not been explored commercially. Larger investment in the sector, establishing an adequate legal framework and deploying full-scale demonstration projects at sea are necessary for the commercialization of such technologies in SA.
Biofabricated Aluminium Oxide Nanoparticles Derived from Citrus aurantium L.: Antimicrobial, Anti-Proliferation, and Photocatalytic Efficiencies
Authors: Nagarajan Punitha , Subramaniyan Vijayakumar , Elavarasan Vidhya , Mohandoss Nilavukkarasi , Subramaniyan Prathipkumar , Vijayakumar Sekar
Published: January 2023

A current strategy in material science and nanotechnology is the creation of green metal oxide nanoparticles. Citrus aurantium peel extract was used to create aluminium oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs) in an efficient, affordable, environmentally friendly, and simple manner. Various characterisation methods such as UV-vis spectrophotometer (UV), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) were utilised to assess the morphology of Al2O3 NPs. The elemental composition was performed by EDX analysis. Using the well diffusion method, Al2O3 NPs’ antimicrobial properties were used against pathogenic organisms. The antiproliferation efficacy of a neuronal cell line was investigated using the MTT assay. The photocatalytic activities were studied against methylene blue dye. In this study, Al2O3 NPs were found to have an average crystallite size of 28 nm in the XRD, an absorption peak at 322 nm in the UV spectrum, and functional groups from 406 to 432 in the FT-IR spectrum, which were ascribed to the stretching of aluminium oxide. Antimicrobial efficiencies were observed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa [36 ± 2.12], Staphylococcus aureus [35 ± 1.23], Staphylococcus epidermis [27 ± 0.06], Klebsiella pneumonia [25 ± 1.65], Candida albicans [28 ± 1.06], and Aspergillus niger [27 ± 2.23], as well as the cell proliferation of a PC 12 cell line (54.09 at 31.2 μg/mL). Furthermore, photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye decreased up to 89.1 percent after 150 min. The current investigation concluded that biosynthesised Al2O3 NPs exhibit feasible antimicrobial, anti-proliferative, and photocatalytic behaviours.
Prevalence of Mental Health Problems among Iraqi University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mohammed Mrywan Abdulmajeed , Memmedova Konul
Published: January 2023

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused mental and psychological health problems worldwide. The current study assessed the prevalence of mental health issues among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Mental Health Problem Scale (MHPQ) is a 35-item scale including five subscales—anxiety, depression, stress, OCD, and sleep disorders. In this study, the Kurdish version of the MHPQ was designed and developed to assess the mental health of Iraqi students. This version was established in a cross-sectional study at three public and private universities in Iraqi Kurdistan. A sample of 1504 university students was included who provided their responses via a Google Form questionnaire. The reliability of the scale was determined by measuring the Cronbach’s alpha and item–total correlations. The Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficients of mental health were calculated on a factor basis. The Cronbach’s alpha values were determined to be 0.735 for “anxiety”, 0.780 for “depression”, 0.731 for “stress”, 0.707 for “OCD” and 0.731 for “sleep disorder”. As a result, the psychometric results show that the Mental Health Scale can be used as a valid and reliable assessment tool. According to the findings of the study, the COVID-19 pandemic has increased mental health problems among people worldwide, particularly university students. This research was limited to select participants and universities of Sulaimani Governorate of Iraq; therefore, it is highly recommended that future studies include more students and universities from the Iraqi Kurdistan region. Finally, it is recommended that the Ministry of Higher Education and universities review the university programs and develop the quality of study to reduce mental health problems among university students. The findings of this research show that there were differences between the mental health of the study’s male and female participants. The analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between gender and OCD scores (p = 0.05).
On the Determinants of Bitcoin Returns and Volatility: What We Get from Gets?
Authors: Benhamed Adel , Messai Ahlem Selma , El Montasser Ghassen
Published: January 2023

Since Bitcoin has frequently witnessed price fluctuations and high volatility, the factors influencing its returns and volatility is an important research subject. To accomplish this goal, we applied the Gets reduction method which has a good reputation compared to other competing approaches in terms of the statistical apparatus available for a repeated search to determine the final set of determinants and the consideration of location shifts. We found that the reduced set of explanatory variables that affects Bitcoin returns is composed of Twitter-based economic uncertainty, gold return, the return of the Euro/USD exchange rate, the return of the US Nasdaq stock exchange index, market capitalization, and Bitcoin mining difficulty. In contrast, the volatility of Bitcoin is affected by only lagged terms of the ARCH effect and the volume of this cryptocurrency.
Special Rural Sewage Treatment Plan in Jiangxia District, Wuhan City, China
Authors: Duan Ning , Xiong Jiangmin , Feng Qi , Wang Lihui , Yang Fan , Ding Hua
Published: January 2023

The Yangtze River ecosystem is one of the most important ecosystems in central China. Due to the substantial increase in China’s economy and the improvement of living conditions in rural areas over the past decade, domestic wastewater discharges in rural areas have increased dramatically, seriously affecting the Yangtze River Basin environment, and becoming one of the main obstacles to achieving global sustainable development goals (SDGs). Rural environmental management is very important for the prevention and control of water pollution in the Yangtze River Basin. In order to address the problem of rural domestic sewage treatment, this paper proposes a domestic sewage collection model applicable to rural areas. An operable village sewage treatment plan was developed for Jiangxia District, Wuhan City, specific for each village, based on a previous village sewage treatment plan in Jiangxia District. The plan is cost-effective and ensures a suitable quality of the treated domestic wastewater that meets the local discharge and reuse standards, thus reducing pollution of the Yangtze River and contributing to the restoration of the Yangtze ecological environment.
Study on the Impact of Air Pollution on Agricultural Export Trade
Authors: Chen Haipeng , Zhou Jie , Liang Jia , Zang Dungang , Ankrah Twumasi Martinson , Shen Qianling
Published: January 2023

With the gradual intensification of the global environmental pollution trend, air pollution has a vital impact role in agricultural export trade. This manuscript uses balanced panel data from 30 Chinese provinces and districts from 2005–2019 in China to empirically verify the mechanism of the impact of air pollution on agricultural exports. The following results were achieved using the fixed effect and moderating effect model. The results show that air pollution significantly inhibits the growth of agricultural export trade. In particular, the presence of environmental regulations will weaken this adverse effect. Regionally, the negative impact of air pollution on China’s agricultural export trade in large agricultural provinces is significantly greater than that in non-agricultural areas. To ensure the sustainable development of China’s agricultural export trade, we should strengthen the ability to cope with air pollution, actively expand diversified international markets, and strive to improve the technological content and green level of exported agricultural products in order to achieve innovative green development of agricultural export trade.
Two-Step Self-Calibration of LiDAR-GPS/IMU Based on Hand-Eye Method
Authors: Nie Xin , Gong Jun , Cheng Jintao , Tang Xiaoyu , Zhang Yuanfang
Published: January 2023

Multi-line LiDAR and GPS/IMU are widely used in autonomous driving and robotics, such as simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). Calibrating the extrinsic parameters of each sensor is a necessary condition for multi-sensor fusion. The calibration of each sensor directly affects the accurate positioning control and perception performance of the vehicle. Through the algorithm, accurate extrinsic parameters and a symmetric covariance matrix of extrinsic parameters can be obtained as a measure of the confidence of the extrinsic parameters. As for the calibration of LiDAR-GPS/IMU, many calibration methods require specific vehicle motion or manual calibration marking scenes to ensure good constraint of the problem, resulting in high costs and a low degree of automation. To solve this problem, we propose a new two-step self-calibration method, which includes extrinsic parameter initialization and refinement. The initialization part decouples the extrinsic parameters from the rotation and translation part, first calculating the reliable initial rotation through the rotation constraints, then calculating the initial translation after obtaining a reliable initial rotation, and eliminating the accumulated drift of LiDAR odometry by loop closure to complete the map construction. In the refinement part, the LiDAR odometry is obtained through scan-to-map registration and is tightly coupled with the IMU. The constraints of the absolute pose in the map refined the extrinsic parameters. Our method is validated in the simulation and real environments, and the results show that the proposed method has high accuracy and robustness.
Optimization Design and Trajectory Error Compensation of a Facade-Adaptive Wall-Climbing Robot
Authors: Zhang Dong , Li Zhihao , Jia Pei , Zheng Yueshuo , Liu Shixin , Wei Jun , Zhang Minglu , Li Manhong
Published: January 2023

In recent years, many wall-climbing robots have been developed in the field of petrochemical storage tank maintenance. However, it is difficult for most of them to be widely used due to common problems such as poor adsorption capacity, poor adaptation to elevation, and low trajectory tracking accuracy. In order to solve the problem of the robot not being able to achieve high-precision operation on curved surfaces, a new wall-climbing robot system is designed. Based on the magnetic wheel adsorption method, a passive adaptive motion mechanism that can adapt to walls with different curvatures is proposed. In order to improve the trajectory tracking accuracy of the wall-climbing robot, the kinematic model of the wall-climbing robot is simplified, a velocity compensation controller is designed, and the stability of the controller is proved by introducing the Lyapunov equation. Through experiments, the controller designed in this paper is compared with the conventional controller to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the controller. The experimental results show that the robot can move safely and stably on curved surfaces, with improved tracking accuracy and reduced trajectory deviation caused by response time lag, and meets the maintenance operation requirements of wall-climbing robots.
Quasi-Classical Trajectory Dynamics Study of the Reaction OH + H2S→H2O + SH and Its Isotopic Variants: Comparison with Experiment
Authors: Tu Zhao , Li Jiaqi , Wang Yan , Song Hongwei
Published: January 2023

The hydrogen abstraction reaction OH + H2S→H2O + SH plays an important role in acid rain formation, air pollution and climate change. In this work, the product energy disposals of the reaction and its isotopic variants OD + H2S and OD + D2S are calculated on a new ab-initio-based ground electronic state potential energy surface (PES) using the quasi-classical trajectory method. The PES is developed by fitting a total of 72,113 points calculated at the level of UCCSD(T)-F12a/aug-cc-pVTZ and using the fundamental invariant-neural network method, resulting in a total RMSE of 4.14 meV. The product H2O formed in the OH + H2S reaction at 298 K is found to be largely populated in the first overtone states of its symmetric and asymmetric stretching modes, while the vibrational distributions of the products HOD and D2O in the isotopically substituted reactions are visibly different. The computed product vibrational state distributions agree reasonably well with experimental results and are rationalized by the sudden vector projection model.
Numerical Solution of Time-Fractional Emden–Fowler-Type Equations Using the Rational Homotopy Perturbation Method
Authors: Albalawi Kholoud Saad , Alkahtani Badr Saad , Kumar Ashish , Goswami Pranay
Published: January 2023

The integral-order derivative is not suitable where infinite variances are expected, and the fractional derivative manages to consider effects with more precision; therefore, we considered timefractional Emden–Fowler-type equations and solved them using the rational homotopy perturbation method (RHPM). The RHPM method is based on two power series in rational form. The existence and uniqueness of the equation are proved using the Banach fixed-point theorem. Furthermore, we approximate the term h(z) with a polynomial of a suitable degree and then solve the system using the proposed method and obtain an approximate symmetric solution. Two numerical examples are investigated using this proposed approach. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is checked by representing the graphs of exact and approximate solutions. The table of absolute error is also presented to understand the method′s accuracy.
Complexity and Monitoring of Economic Operations Using a Game-Theoretic Model for Cloud Computing
Authors: Hema P , Paul N R Rejin , Čepová Lenka , Khan Bhola , Kumar Kailash , Schindlerova Vladimira
Published: January 2023

In this study, a model is presented for allocating cloud computing resources based on economic considerations using tools from game theory. The model, called the Non-Cooperative Game Resource Allocation Algorithm (NCGRAA), is designed to achieve the optimum stage in cloud computing. In addition, the Bargaining Game Resource Allocation Algorithm (BGRAA) is introduced to the existing system to develop the billing process within the constraints of availability and fairness. This system-based algorithm implements methods for converging on and improving the Nash Equilibrium and Nash Bargaining solutions. While the Nash equilibrium helps to develop decision-making concepts with game theory, one of its main goals is to achieve the desired outcome and avoid deviation from the working stage. Nash Bargaining is a unique solution that occurs between two parties and takes into account the process of bargaining to provide a fair solution that is scale invariant and independent. In recent years, cloud computing has become a popular way to manage computing services and enable producers and consumers to interact. This process allows users to obtain goods at an affordable cost from sellers according to their expectations. This research investigates the economic operation monitoring of cloud computing using the gaming theory model. A Static Negotiation Analysis Method with a Bargaining Process (SNAM-BP) for a dynamic conceptual framework is presented to display the weighted relationship between primary issues and keywords used to evaluate the potential partnership of each country.
Relation between PM2.5 and O3 over Different Urban Environmental Regimes in India
Authors: Yadav Rahul Kant , Gadhavi Harish , Arora Akanksha , Mohbey Krishna Kumar , Kumar Sunil , Lal Shyam , Mallik Chinmay
Published: January 2023

Atmospheric ozone (O3) concentration is impacted by a number of factors, such as the amount of solar radiation, the composition of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and hydrocarbons, the transport of pollutants and the amount of particulate matter in the atmosphere. The oxidative potential of the atmosphere and the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) as a result of atmospheric oxidation are influenced by the prevalent O3 concentration. The formation of secondary aerosols from O3 depends on several meteorological, environmental and chemical factors. The relationship between PM2.5 and O3 in different urban environmental regimes of India is investigated in this study during the summer and winter seasons. A relationship between PM2.5 and O3 has been established for many meteorological and chemical variables, such as RH, WS, T and NOx, for the selected study locations. During the winter season, the correlation between PM2.5 and O3 was found to be negative for Delhi and Bengaluru, whereas it was positive in Ahmedabad. The city of Bengaluru was seen to have a positive correlation between PM2.5 and O3 during summer, coinciding with the transport of marine air masses with high RH and low wind speed (as evident from FLEXPART simulations), leading to the formation of SOAs. Further, O3 concentrations are predicted using a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) model based on the relation obtained between PM2.5 and O3 for the summer season using NOx, T, RH, WS and PM2.5 as inputs.
A Conserved Stem-Loop Structure within ORF5 Is a Frequent Recombination Hotspot for Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 1 (PRRSV-1) with a Particular Modified Live Virus (MLV) Strain
Authors: Mötz Marlene , Stadler Julia , Kreutzmann Heinrich , Ladinig Andrea , Lamp Benjamin , Auer Angelika , Riedel Christiane , Rümenapf Till
Published: January 2023

The emergence of recombinant PRRSV strains has been observed for more than a decade. These recombinant viruses are characterized by a genome that contains genetic material from at least two different parental strains. Due to the advanced sequencing techniques and a growing number of data bank entries, the role of PRRSV recombinants has become increasingly important since they are sometimes associated with clinical outbreaks. Chimeric viruses observed more recently are products of PRRSV wild-type and vaccine strains. Here, we report on three PRRSV-1 isolates from geographically distant farms with differing clinical manifestations. A sequencing and recombination analysis revealed that these strains are crossovers between different wild-type strains and the same modified live virus vaccine strain. Interestingly, the recombination breakpoint of all analyzed isolates appears at the beginning of open reading frame 5 (ORF5). RNA structure predictions indicate a conserved stem loop in close proximity to the recombination hotspot, which is a plausible cause of a polymerase template switch during RNA replication. Further research into the mechanisms of the stem loop is needed to help understand the PRRSV recombination process and the role of MLVs as parental strains.
Infection of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Macrophages by Wild Type and Vaccine Strains of Measles Virus: NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Independent of Virus Production
Authors: Suwanmanee San , Ghimire Shristi , Edwards Jerome , Griffin Diane E.
Published: January 2023

In humans and non-human primates, wild type (WT) measles virus (MeV) replicates extensively in lymphoid tissue and induces an innate response characteristic of NF-κB and inflammasome activation without type I interferon. In contrast, the live attenuated MeV vaccine (LAMV) replicates poorly in lymphoid tissue with little detectable in vivo cytokine production. To characterize the innate responses of macrophages to WT MeV and LAMV infection, we analyzed primary human monocyte-derived macrophages and phorbol myristic acid-matured monocytic THP-1 cells (M0) polarized to inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes 24 h after MeV infection. LAMV infected macrophages more efficiently than WT MeV but produced less virus than WT MeV-infected macrophages. Both strains induced production of NF-κB-responsive cytokines IL-6 and TNFα and inflammasome products IL-1β and IL-18 without evidence of pyroptosis. Analysis of THP-1 cells deficient in inflammasome sensors NOD-like receptor pyrin (NLRP)3, IFN-γ-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) or absent in melanoma (AIM)2; adaptor apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) or effector caspase 1 showed that IL-18 production was dependent on NLRP3, ASC, and caspase 1. However, M1 cells produced IL-1β in the absence of ASC or caspase 1 indicating alternate pathways for MeV-induced pro-IL-1β processing. Therefore, the innate response to in vitro infection of macrophages with both LAMV and WT MeV includes production of IL-6 and TNFα and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome to release IL-1β and IL-18. LAMV attenuation impairs production of infectious virus but does not reduce ability to infect macrophages or innate responses to infection.
Expanding the Pathogen Panel in Wastewater Epidemiology to Influenza and Norovirus
Authors: Markt Rudolf , Stillebacher Fabian , Nägele Fabiana , Kammerer Anna , Peer Nico , Payr Maria , Scheffknecht Christoph , Dria Silvina , Draxl-Weiskopf Simon , Mayr Markus , Rauch Wolfgang , Kreuzinger Norbert , Rainer Lukas , Bachner Florian , Zuba Martin , Ostermann Herwig , Lackner Nina , Insam Heribert , Wagner Andreas Otto
Published: January 2023

Since the start of the 2019 pandemic, wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has proven to be a valuable tool for monitoring the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2. With methods and infrastructure being settled, it is time to expand the potential of this tool to a wider range of pathogens. We used over 500 archived RNA extracts from a WBE program for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance to monitor wastewater from 11 treatment plants for the presence of influenza and norovirus twice a week during the winter season of 2021/2022. Extracts were analyzed via digital PCR for influenza A, influenza B, norovirus GI, and norovirus GII. Resulting viral loads were normalized on the basis of NH4-N. Our results show a good applicability of ammonia-normalization to compare different wastewater treatment plants. Extracts originally prepared for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance contained sufficient genomic material to monitor influenza A, norovirus GI, and GII. Viral loads of influenza A and norovirus GII in wastewater correlated with numbers from infected inpatients. Further, SARS-CoV-2 related non-pharmaceutical interventions affected subsequent changes in viral loads of both pathogens. In conclusion, the expansion of existing WBE surveillance programs to include additional pathogens besides SARS-CoV-2 offers a valuable and cost-efficient possibility to gain public health information.
African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV): Immunity and Vaccine Development
Authors: Chathuranga Kiramage , Lee Jong-Soo
Published: January 2023

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causative agent of the highly contagious disease African swine fever (ASF), which can result in mortality rates of up to 100% in pigs infected by virulent strains [...]
Vaccines and Vaccine Adjuvants for Infectious Diseases and Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Nandakumar Kutty Selva
Published: January 2023

A dynamic association of specific microbiota during different stages of human life is well documented [...]
An Analysis of Factors Influencing Household Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Experiences during Flood Hazards in Tsholotsho District Using a Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) Model
Authors: Tshuma Mlamuleli , Belle Johannes A. , Ncube Alice
Published: January 2023

Communities around the world living in either urban or rural areas continue to experience serious WASH problems during flood episodes. Communities and individual households are affected differently depending on their coping capacities and their resource base. Flooding causes extensive damage to water and sanitation infrastructure, leaving communities vulnerable to WASH-related illnesses. This paper aimed to analyze factors influencing the community WASH experiences during flood incidences in Tsholotsho District using a Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) model. The quantitative approach was used in this study. A questionnaire was used to collect data from household heads in Tsholotsho District. A total of 218 Questionnaires were administered in four wards that were purposively selected for this study. Gathered data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 22) and principal component analysis was done, which culminated in a SUR model. The key findings of the study were that outbreaks of water and hygiene-related diseases, ponding of water which provides a breeding ground for mosquitoes, and contamination of surface water were the major WASH problems experienced in Tsholotsho District among other problems. The study also found that access to Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) programs, access to treated water, and level of education were positive and statistically significant in influencing some of the problems experienced during flooding. To increase the coping capacities of Tsholotsho communities, it is pertinent for governments and NGOs to consider implementing more WASH programs, increasing access to safe and clean drinking water, and increasing the level of education of communities.
Duration, but Not Bottle Volume, Affects Phytoplankton Community Structure and Growth Rates in Microcosm Experiments
Authors: Domingues Rita B. , Mosley Benjamin A. , Nogueira Patrícia , Maia Inês B. , Barbosa Ana B.
Published: January 2023

It is generally assumed that the larger the bottle volume, the longer the duration of phytoplankton microcosm experiments. We hypothesize that volume and duration are independent, as volume does not regulate the extension of the exponential growth phase. We conducted two microcosm experiments using 1, 2, and 8 L bottles, inoculated with phytoplankton collected in the Ria Formosa lagoon (SE Portugal) and incubated for 1, 2, 4, and 8 days. Phytoplankton net growth rates were estimated using chlorophyll a concentration and cell abundance, determined with epifluorescence and inverted microscopy. Results show that the experimental duration significantly affected net growth rates, independently of volume, with decreasing net growth rates with time. Regarding volume, we found significant, but weak, differences in net growth rates, and significant two-way interactions only for the larger-sized cells. No significant differences in net growth rates across the different volumes were detected for the smaller, most abundant taxa and for the whole assemblage. We conclude that duration, not volume, is the main factor to consider in microcosm experiments, and it should allow the measurement of responses during the exponential growth phase, which can be detected through daily sampling throughout the duration of the experiment.
Paratanytarsus grimmii (Chironomidae) Larvae in Drinking Water Distribution Systems: Impairment or Disaster?
Authors: Christopher Stefan , Michels Ute , Gunkel Günter
Published: January 2023

The occurrence and mass development of macroinvertebrates in drinking water networks is a challenge for drinking water pipe management. A current problem is the development of larvae of the chironomid Paratanytarsus grimmii (mosquito), a so-called pest organism that can have severe impacts on water quality due to mass accumulation from parthenogenic reproduction, biofouling and other aesthetic reasons. The aim of this study was to develop a new practical method for determining larvae size classes and analyzing the growth of the larvae. Knowledge of the dimensions, life cycle and fertility of these larvae within drinking water networks is essential for any risk analysis and the development of P. grimmii pest-control strategies. A two-year study of P. grimmii in a drinking water distribution system in Northern Germany was conducted, and P. grimmii population dynamics are presented. The parthenogenetic reproduction of P. grimmii without any pharate females (facultative flying stage) within the drinking water distribution system was proofed. In 2020 and 2021, five generations of P. grimmii were observed per year, with a maximum abundance of 6350 ind. m−3. Mass accumulation occurred in the late-summer/autumn period.
On the Precipitation Trends in Global Major Metropolitan Cities under Extreme Climatic Conditions: An Analysis of Shifting Patterns
Authors: Aldrees Ali , Hasan Mohd Sayeed Ul , Rai Abhishek Kumar , Akhtar Md. Nashim , Khan Mohammad Amir , Saif Mufti Mohammad , Ahmad Nehal , Islam Saiful
Published: January 2023

On a local and regional level, climate change has had a significant impact on precipitation in the global climatic state. The purpose of this research is to examine the trend and character of urban precipitation in the world’s most densely inhabited metropolis. From 1981 to 2020, 40 years of monthly and annual precipitation data from 50 major metropolitan cities throughout the world, based on population statistics, were analysed. The monthly and annual precipitation analysis was done using a homogeneity test, shifting point test, non-parametric Modified Mann Kendall test, and also through computing the magnitude of the trend using Sen’s slope estimate. According to the findings of the study, the most homogeneous data was obtained in May (90 %) and the least in September (74%). In 2002, the highest number of breakpoints were found in July (9 cities) and August (8 cities). The month of January has the largest significant positive trend (10 cities) whereas annually it has 20 cities. The monthly maximum of the significant negative trend was discovered in February (4 cities) and annually in 2 main cities. In November, the maximum positive and minimum positive Sen’s slope values were found to be 82% and 56%, respectively. The findings of this study are important for future water resource projections, flood or drought predictions, and engineering, scientific, industrial, agricultural, and social studies. The goal of this research is to come up with a good plan for dealing with urban flash floods and droughts as precipitation acts as the key parameter of the hydrological cycle.
HEALTH DATA OWNERSHIP IN MALAYSIA PUBLIC AND PRIVATE HEALTHCARE: A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF HEALTH DATA PRIVACY IN THE AGE OF BIG DATA
Authors: Abdul Manap Nazura , Abd Rahman Mohamad Rizal , Salleh Siti Nur Farah Atiqah
Published: January 2023

Health data ownership in big data is a new legal issue. The problem stands between the public and private healthcare as the main proprietor of health data. In Malaysia, health data ownership is under government hospitals and private healthcare jurisdictions. Who owns the data will be responsible for safeguarding it, including its privacy. Various technical methods are applied to protect health data, such as aggregation and anonymization. The thing is, do these technical methods are still reliable to safeguard privacy in big data? In terms of legal protection, private healthcare is governed under Personal Data Protection Act 2010, while the same Act does not bind the government. With the advancement of big data, public and private healthcare are trying to extract values from health data by processing big data and its analytical outcomes. Considering that health data is sensitive due to its nature which contains personal information of individuals or patients, had raised an issue as to whether the proprietor could provide adequate legal protection of health data. Personal Data Protection Act 2010 is still applicable in giving protection for health data for private healthcare, but what are the laws governing health data privacy in public healthcare? This article aims to answer the questions by analyzing legal sources relevant to health data privacy in big data. We propose a regulatory guideline that follows the GDPR as a legal reference model to harmonize the public and private healthcare ownership of health data better to protect the privacy of individuals in big data.
BACK TO BASIC: THEORIES AND MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
Authors: Abu Bakar Anna Lynn , Din Wardatul Akmam , Ationg Romzi , Swanto Suyansah
Published: January 2023

Communication plays a vital role in our everyday lives. Communication that is effective can aid in the resolution of numerous issues and problems. Therefore, effective communication skills are required. To be able to interact with others, it is necessary to develop communication skills and the ability to express one's thoughts and connect with others. This paper aims to look into communication theories and models in order to gain a deeper understanding of communication's origins. The purpose of this paper is to present the origins of communication and how this may influence students' willingness to communicate in the classroom, outside of the classroom, and on digital platforms.
USERS’ PERSONALITIES AND GENDER EFFECTS ON SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Mohd Reffal Diyana , Tugiman Nursafwah
Published: January 2023

The Covid-19 epidemic has made Malaysian consumers between the ages of 19 and 30 were highly dependent on social media. This is due to the fact that all activities, including employment and education necessities, are conducted online on social media platforms like Facebook and WhatsApp. This research propose that the negative or positive use of social media are depending on the personality of the user. Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness are the five primary personalities according to The Big Five Personality Theory. This study examines the use of social media during the Covid-19 pandemic. There were 200 respondents who voluntarily engaged in this survey. The study found that Neuroticism increased by 0.814% based on time spent on social media, whereas Extraversion increased by 0.905%. In addition, the survey found that male respondents have a higher Neuroticism score (m=5.378) than female respondents (m=4.639), and that male respondents utilise social media more (m=5.781) than female respondents (m=5.574). To conclude, high institutions such as the government, universities, teachers, and students can benefit from this research regarding the negative health effects of excessive social media use.
Recent progress of Ga2O3 power technology: large-area devices, packaging and applications
Authors: Qin Yuan , Wang Zhengpeng , Sasaki Kohei , Ye Jiandong , Zhang Yuhao
Published: January 2023

Benefitted from progress on the large-diameter Ga2O3 wafers and Ga2O3 processing techniques, the Ga2O3 power device technology has witnessed fast advances toward power electronics applications. Recently, reports on large-area (ampere-class) Ga2O3 power devices have emerged globally, and the scope of these works have gone well beyond the bare-die device demonstration into the device packaging, circuit testing, and ruggedness evaluation. These results have placed Ga2O3 in a unique position as the only ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor reaching these indispensable milestones for power device development. This paper presents a timely review on the state-of-the-art of the ampere-class Ga2O3 power devices (current up to >100 A and voltage up to >2000 V), including their static electrical performance, switching characteristics, packaging and thermal management, and the overcurrent/overvoltage ruggedness and reliability. Exciting research opportunities and critical technological gaps are also discussed.
The impacts of localized backside etching on proton radiation response in SOI passive devices
Authors: Zhao Biyao , Bi Jinshun , Ma Yue , Zhang Jian , Wang Yan , Fan Linjie , Han Tingting , Xuan Yundong , Stempitsky Viktor , Liu Mengxin
Published: January 2023

In this work, the effect of high-energy proton irradiation on the radiofrequency (RF) properties of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates is investigated. The localized backside etching (LBE) structure is introduced for RF properties improvement and proton irradiation hardening. It is observed that after the 50 MeV proton irradiation with a fluence of 1 × 1012 p cm−2, the attenuation, crosstalk, and relative permittivity significantly decrease for conventional SOI substrates. In contrast, LBE substrates are less sensitive to proton irradiation and simultaneously exhibit better RF performance. The enhancement of the LBE structure on irradiation tolerance is qualitatively characterized by the equivalent circuit model parameter extraction.
Research on collinear double pulse generation method of electro-optical Q-switched Nd:YAG laser
Authors: Dai Shoujun , He Jianguo , Wang Hui , Liu Yang , Yu Jiaqi , Zhao Haidong , Meng Jingjing , Yuan Hong , Huang Min
Published: January 2023

This letter introduces the collinear double-pulse generation method of the electro-optical Q-switched Nd:YAG laser and the rate equations describing its pulse formation dynamics. The two pulses share the same resonator and thus have a natural and highly coaxial characteristic. The effect of the voltage applied on the electro-optic crystal on the pulse energy and temporal waveform was studied. The time interval of the double-pulse laser can be tuned from 80 ns to 10 μs, thus satisfying the needs of a general double-pulse laser. This method is ideal for obtaining a collinear double-pulse laser and can be extended to other lasers.
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM INFORMASI MADING DIGITAL BERBASIS WEB PADA SMK BANII SAALIM BANDAR LAMPUNG
Authors: Ferdiansyah Muhammad , Andriasari Sevi
Published: January 2023

Wall magazine (Maiding) is a means of dissemination of information in the educational world. Despite the urgent need for fast and accurate information, today's media security is still poorly maintained, affecting the ability of students to receive information. Therefore, schools need information media and media to disseminate information quickly and accurately. Digital learning media help manage information so students receive more up-to-date information. The research methodology was carried out in three phases. In the preliminary phase, data collection was conducted through literature surveys, direct observations, and journal archives from similar surveys. The analysis phase includes a system analysis of the current bulletin board system and any bulletin boards to be created. The system development model uses the Extreme Programming Model or XP. The system is designed using the Unified Modeling Language (UML). The results of the research have led to a digital madding system that allows schools to more easily communicate information, allowing students to submit information directly through his website for Digital Wall Magazine. Meanwhile, schools can control the information coming in and decide what information is made public. Information is updated her once a week or as needed to ensure students have the most up-to-date information.
KOMPARASI METODE SVM, K-NN DAN NBC PADA ANALISIS SENTIMEN
Authors: Hendrayana I Gede , Divayana Dewa Gede Hendra , Kesiman Made Windu Antara
Published: January 2023

The beauty of Bali raises many comments about how a trip to Indonesia is not complete without going to Bali. In the tourism industry the application of tourist satisfaction and perspective is very important, but most of them still apply surveys. The survey-based approach has weaknesses such as operational costs, the potential for data duplication, and a lack of comprehensiveness. Sentiment analysis of natural tourism objects is performed by classifying positive and negative comments in the Jatiluwih tourist comment dataset. The focus of this panel's sentiment analysis is on comments related to the Natural Tourism Attractiveness Criteria. According to the Directorate General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation in 2003, the criteria for natural tourism objects are tourist attraction, market potential, accessibility, socio-economic environmental conditions, public services, climate conditions, supporting facilities and infrastructure, and the availability and safety of clean water. This study compares the SVM, K-NN, and NBC methods. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the performance of each method using the confusion matrix. The results showed that the K-NN method was superior to SVM and NBC in terms of testing accuracy and precision, where accuracy on K-NN gave a value of 93.4%, SVM 93.1%, and NBC 87.9%.
APLIKASI EMAIL CLIENT MULTI-PLATFORM DENGAN ENKRIPSI DATA BERBASIS JAVA
Authors: Ridwan  , Susano Adhi
Published: January 2023

Client is an application that is used to send and receive e-mails through your computer without a browser. Simply by running the e-mail client application, the e-mail will automatically be downloaded to your computer. The more varied operating systems used by Users also sometimes make Users have to change email clients when moving operating systems, for example Windows Users who are used to Outlook have to use evolution on Linux, whereas when using Mac OS they have to use the Mail program. This is of course inconvenient for the User. Not to mention the security of the clinet email itself. In this research, software has been created to reduce existing problems. The method used in the design and manufacture of this software is the Guidelines for Rapid Application Engineering (Grapple) method. This software was created using Netbeans 7.0. This multi-platform email client application program with base64 encoding on a desktop base can run on three operating systems, namely Windows, Linux and Macinthos. This application can also encode with the base64 algorithm the contents of the message so as to maintain the confidentiality of the contents of the message in the email client itself.
Upaya Peningkatan Mutu Pembelajaran Melalui Supervisi Akademik Di MTs Assalafiyah Sitanggal Semester Gasal Tahun Pelajaran 2022/2023
Authors: Ihsan Muhammad
Published: January 2023

Keberhasilan pendidikan pada satuan pendidikan sangat dipengaruhi oleh peran kepala madrasah sebagai peneliti dalam kepemimpinan pembelajaran terhadap para guru
. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu meningkatkan mutu pembelajaran siswa,meningkatkan minat belajar siswa, meningkatkan kemampuan guru dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran sehingga sesuai dengan standar yang telah ditetapakan.
Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif, dengan menggunakan teknik persentase untuk melihat peningkatan yang terjadi dari siklus ke siklus. Metode deskriptif dapat diartikan sebagai prosedur pemecahan masalah yang diselidiki dengan menggambarkan/melukiskan keadaan subjek penelitian seseorang, lembaga, masyarakat, dan lain-lain) pada saat sekarang berdasarkan fakta-fakta yang tampak atau sebagaimana adanya.
Berdasarkan hasil observasi peneliti terhadap sepuluh RPP yang dibuat guru (khusus pada siklus 1), diperoleh data bahwa masih ada guru yang tidak melengkapi RPP-nya dengan komponen dan sub-sub komponen RPP penerapan model pembelajaran tertentu, misalnya komponen indikator dan penilaian hasil belajar (pedoman penskoran dan kunci jawaban).  Rumusan kegiatan siswa pada komponen langkah-langkah kegiatan pembelajaran masih kurang interaktif, inspiratif,  dan sistematis.