bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the influence of intellectual capital and bank risk on the performance of maqashid sharia based Islamic banking in Indonesia
Authors: Septiani Dea Feby , Yahya Imam , Hartono Setyo Budi , Ningsih Tri Widyastuti , Maula Fiina Ishmatul
Published: December 2021

Purpose - This study aims to determine the effect of intellectual capital and bank risk on the performance of maqashid sharia based Islamic banking in Indonesia (An empirical study on Islamic Commercial Banks registered in Financial Services Authority (OJK) in 2017-2019).Method - This study used secondary data and used the multiple linear regression analysis method. The sample used was the purposive sampling method with the results of 12 Islamic Commercial Bank (BUS) as a sample of 14 BUS populations.Result - The results of this study stated that iB-VACA had a significant adverse effect on MSI variable; iB-VAHU had a positive but not significant effect on MSI variable; iB-STVA had an insignificant negative effect on MSI variable; CAR had an insignificant negative effect on MSI variable, and FDR had a positive but not significant effect on MSI variable.Implication - Islamic banking is advised to optimize its intangible assets and estimate the risks that will occur, as well as to pay attention to its sharia objectives to increase company value and performance.Originality - The secondary data source of this research is obtained from the official website of OJK, and financial report data is obtained from the website of each BUS.
The effect of sharia share selection based on financial ratio and corporate governance mechanism on the quality of company profit
Authors: Sofana Nida Ulya , Zakiy Faris Shalahuddin , Fauzi Muchammad , Muheramtohadi Singgih , Fauziah Najim Nur
Published: December 2021

Purpose - This study aims to obtain empirical evidence regarding the effect of Islamic stock selection based on financial ratios (debt to assets ratio, debt to equity ratio, non-halal income ratio) and corporate governance mechanisms (managerial ownership, independent commissioners, institutional ownership, audit committee) on company earnings quality.Method - The population of this research is all companies that are members of the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index in 2017-2019. The sample selection used purposive sampling method and obtained 67 sample companies. This study uses secondary data with multiple linear regression analysis method.Result - Debt to assets ratio, managerial ownership, institutional ownership, and audit committee have no significant positive effect on earnings quality. The ratio of non-halal income has a negative and significant effect on earnings quality. Meanwhile, the debt to equity ratio and independent commissioners do not have a significant negative effect on earnings quality.Implication - Companies that are members of the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index are expected to be able to improve the quality of their financial reports. On the other hand, investors are expected to find out and study the company's annual report as a material consideration for investment decisions.Originality - The originality of the research is this study intends to develop previous research by examining the selection criteria for sharia shares and corporate governance mechanisms.
Tipografinin Sınırlarını Zorlamak: Emigre Dergisi
Authors: Kurtcu Fatih
Published: December 2021

Bu makalede yenilikçi tipografi tasarımları ile öne çıkan Emigre dergisi incelenmektedir. Derginin bazı kapaklarında kullandığı ifade ile sınırların göz ardı edildiği tasarımların, özellikle tipografiye getirdiği yenilikleri ele almak modern dönem sonrası tipografi anlayışını görmek için gereklidir. Masaüstü yayıncılık ile tipografinin tasarımı hem yazı karakteri olarak hem de sayfa düzenlerinde kullanımı modern dönemin aksine çığır açan bir tarzda yapılmıştır. Bu tasarım dili tasarımın sınırlarını zorlayarak deneysel bir tavırla her tasarımda yeniden ele alınmıştır. Dönemin tasarım anlayışı grafik tasarıma, tipografiye getirdiği yeni tavırla dünyayı etkisi altına almıştır. Bu anlamda bu dilin en önemli kilometre taşlarından biri Emigre dergilerini grafik tasarımın önemli öğelerinden biri olan tipografi özelinde incelemek dönemin tasarım anlayışını kavramak için önemlidir. Tipografi yazı karakteri tasarımı ve sayfa tasarımında kullanımı, grafik tasarım ilkeleri ve nitel araştırma yöntemi ile ele alınmaktadır.
Problems of British Bangladeshis’ Adaptations
Authors:   Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera), Russian Academy of Sciences, Merenkova Olga N. , Kotin Igor Yu. ,   Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera), Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

The novel Brick Lane by British writer Monica Ali provides a vivid sketch of the life of Bangladeshis both at home and in London, where the largest community of people from Bangladesh lives outside South Asia, primarily natives of Sylhet County. The book got its name due to the street, which has become a distinctive center of concentration for Bengalis in the capital of Great Britain. Ali’s novel Brick Lane can be regarded as a source on the recent history and ethnography of Great Britain and Bangladesh. The novel examines the peculiarities of the acculturation of Bengalis in England, identifies the points of conflicts between the host society and migrants, the growth of domestic racism in the place of concentration of migrants perceived as outsiders and the threat to traditional British values. The main characters of the novel — spouses Chanu and Nazneen, as well as their daughters — found themselves at the junction of two worlds: the European metropolis and the Asian rural hinterland. The work also depicts the conflict between representatives of different generations: between labor migrants, who arrived in England twenty or thirty years ago, recently arrived migrants and between descendants of migrants born in London who consider England as their homeland and Bangladesh as a distant country. Ali in her novel describes options for a way out of the conflict of civilizations in which the main characters were involved. Shanu, unable to achieve career growth and improve his social status, decided to leave London, while Nazneen and their daughters preferred to remain in the city.
Nuri Şeker: The “Second” Sugar King of Turkey
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Zheveleva Aleksandra V. , Perednya Aleksandra D. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the life and work of one of the first Turkish entrepreneurs of the Republican period — Mollazade Nuri Şeker. The source base of the research was made up of biographical and autobiographical materials published in a collective monograph by Turkish researchers dedicated to the development of entrepreneurship and labor movement in Turkey in the first half of the 20th century. Nuri Şeker’s main field of activity was the production of sugar — a product that the country experienced a shortage of during the Ottoman period. At the turn of the 19th — 20th centuries, sugar was the main import of Ottoman Turkey. At the same period of time, the first attempts to solve this problem were made. However, a series of wars in the second decade of the 20th century prevented this. During the national liberation struggle the shortage of this product began to be felt especially acutely. After the proclamation of the Republic, the issue of developing its own sugar production was decided at the state level. Nuri Şeker was a pioneer in this area. He managed to establish sugar production from scratch: from the cultivation of sugar beets, which were not produced in Turkey at that time, to the crystallization of sugar and he was able to fulfill a dream that had haunted him since childhood. However, despite unconditional success in his entrepreneurial activity, Nuri Şeker could not surpass his only competitor at that time — Şakir-bey (the creator of the sugar factory in Alpullu) who enjoyed the full support of the government. In addition to Nuri Şeker’s professional activities, the article also discusses his personal qualities that aided him in achieving success.
The Cultural Spirit of the “May Fourth Movement” and Lu Xun’s Ambivalent Thinking
Authors:   Jilin University, Zhang Fugui
Published: December 2021

The “May Fourth Movement” is undoubtedly a turning point in the history of modern Chinese society and culture. It must be acknowledged that the direction of development of Chinese culture was largely influenced by famous Chinese writer, educator and revolutionary Lu Xun (1881–1936). The structure of Lu Xun’s ideas and the influence of Lu Xun’s ideas today have shaped the ever-living “Lu Xun’s culture”. The main essence of Lu Xun’s culture is embodied in many important judgments regarding the development of the nation, society and culture. These judgments are aimed not only at the past, but also at the future and the present. Many of his thoughts were a century ahead their time. Speaking about Lu Xun’s anti-traditionalist approach to the development of new culture, one cannot ignore the rationalistic cultural spirit of the enlightenment ideology behind it. Lu Xun’s pessimism at the beginning of the “May Fourth Movement” and the subsequent bitterness can serve as a key to understanding the cultural spirit of the “May Fourth Movement” and its logical connection with Lu Xun’s culture. Analyzing Lu Xun’s criticism of China’s unrealized democracy and his skepticism about the new culture, one can see that Lu Xun’s inner mood is shrouded in a shadow of disappointment. Moreover, until the end of his days, he was accompanied by pain caused by too sober and deep perception of life. In addition, the reason for Lu Xun’s distrust is that too often, due to his decency and simplicity, he was deceived. We believe that the spiritual world of Lu Xun has always been characterized by the presence of two levels: Lu Xun is open, throwing loud calls, and Lu Xin is hidden, suffering and lonely. At the same time, his inherent sharpness stems from a deep understanding of the situation, and his bitterness comes from a firm will and an uncompromising attitude to his views. The reason for such bitterness is due to the strength and immensity of the objects of his resistance. Lu Xun’s views have enriched the thinking of China and all mankind.
Interpretation of Novels and Plays about Song Dynasty Judge Bao in the Chinese Illustrated Woodblock Editions and Popular Prints nianhua
Authors:   Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zavidovskaia Ekaterina A. ,   Bryansk State University, Vinogradova Tatiana I. ,   Russian Academy of Sciences Library, Maiatskii Dmitry I. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: December 2021

The article aims to analyze various illustrations of court case stories about Song dynasty judge Bao Zheng (包拯, also named as Bao-gong 包公, Bao Longtu 包龍圖, 999–1062), found in Qing woodblock editions of the novel and popular woodblock prints nianhua, in order to determine how tales about the famous incorruptible judge have been transformed in the visual culture of late imperial times. The authors discovered several woodblock editions of novels about Judge Bao-gong, or Bao Dragon-Design (Bao Longtu), in the St. Petersburg State University library including one illustrated edition and several non-illustrated ones. The State Hermitage and other Russian collections hold an impressive number of popular prints depicting scenes from the traditional drama based on Judge Bao stories, while only several of them refer directly to literary pieces, being mostly scenes from the plays. The protagonists are shown wearing theatrical make-up matching their theatrical character, Judge Bao is recognized by a black-colored face symbolizing his astuteness and uncorrupted nature. The article attempts to find connections between Shi Yukun’s 石玉昆 novel “The Three Heroes and Five Gallants” (Sanxiawuyi 三俠五義, 1879), the traditional drama plays and nianhua prints featuring Judge Bao, which proliferated in the late 19th — early 20th centuries. This research claims to define sources of various types of illustrations and clarify connections between book illustration, popular prints and drama.
Ahmad al-Yamani and the Timurid policy in the Eastern Caucasus
Authors:   Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography, Dagestan Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Alibekov Khizri G.
Published: December 2021

At the end of the first third of the 15th century, a prominent representative of the Muslim elite, a sayyid and theologian from Yemen, Ahmad al-Yamani (died in 1450), arrived in Dagestan and stopped in Kumukh, one of the major political centers of Mountainous Dagestan. He devoted the last two decades of his life to the spread and strengthening of Islam among the highlanders. Since that time, Kumukh turned into a large Muslim center and the “internal” Islamization of the mountain tribes began. The result of all this activity in Kumukh was that almost all of Dagestan was islamized by the end of 16th century. Researchers have presented different versions of Ahmad al-Yamani’s arrival in Dagestan. The version that he arrived in Dagestan on behalf of the Abbasid Caliph in Cairo to Islamize the non-Muslim peoples of Dagestan was considered the most widespread in the academic environment. A unique manuscript of the 15th century, which was recently discovered, belonging to the pen of al-Yamani, called “At-Tuhfa al-Ulugbekiyya / Ulugbek’s gift”, contains new valuable material about the life of al-Yamani. He wrote it as a gift for Ulugbek (the ruler of Maverannahr and Shahrukh’s son), while he was in the Timurid emirate. The manuscript’s material was translated by the author and introduced into scientific use for the first time. The studied material, as well as other Arabic-language sources of the 15th — 19th centuries, allow us to assert that al-Yamani’s arrival was inspired by Shahrukh, and the mission was not only Islamization, but also strengthening and extending Timurids’ positions in the Western Caspian region, which was one of the political and military interests of the Timurids’ opponents — the Kara-Koyunlu Turkoman confederation.
The Impacts of the Adjustment of India’s Foreign Policy for India — Myanmar Relations (1992–2014)
Authors:   Hue University of Education, Nguyen Tuan Binh , Tran Xuan Hiep ,   Duy Tan University, Tran Hoang Long ,   Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, Vo Minh Hung ,   Ba Ria Vungtau University
Published: December 2021

India and Myanmar are two neighboring countries that share a border of nearly 1500 kilometers and have a relationship based on history, politics, culture, and ethnicity from over 2000 years to the present. India officially established diplomatic relations with Myanmar after the Southeast Asian country gained independence in 1948. Since 1992, the implementation of India’s Look East Policy in addition to the strategic importance of Myanmar as a neighbor created a catalyst for new development in relations between the two countries. India — Myanmar relations have shifted from a cold and strained status (1962–1991) to improvement, consolidation and development in the years 1992–2014. Furthermore, the relationship between the two countries was developed on the basis of inheriting the achievements of the previous period (1948–1991) that were not only in the political sphere. There was a complete development in many aspects (politics — diplomacy, economy, security — defense, etc.) for two decades after the end of the Cold War. This article focuses on analyzing the adjustment of India’s foreign policy, especially the implementation of the Look East Policy and the “Act East” strategy, and the impact of this adjustment for the development of India — Myanmar relations during 1992–2014.
Manifestation of civic position in the context of the development of ego-identity in early and late adolescence
Authors:   Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Emel’yanova Elizaveta
Published: December 2021

Socio-political changes in the world actualize one of the most significant social roles of every person — the citizen. Modern youth are gradually joining the socially active part of the population. This article briefly presents the view of foreign researchers on the development of citizenship from childhood. It also describes the results of the research, the aim of which is to study the characteristics of civic position in early and late adulthood. In this case, the subject’s ego-identity status is taken into account. The main research method is an ascertaining experiment using methods aimed at establishing the status of ego-identity of boys and girls. The study involved 729 people (217 boys and 512 girls) aged 14–24 years. The main hypotheses of the study were the following assumptions. As they grow older, the statuses of the general ego identity are replaced by higher ones. The level of formation of civic position is partly contained in the level of personal identity: a high level of civic position correlates to high indicators of general ego-identity. According to the results of the experiment, the hypotheses are confirmed. In addition, gender differences were found in the studied indicators. This study can serve as a basis for further exploration of the topics of civic position, social maturity and activity. In the future, it is possible to create social programs aimed at raising the level of political consciousness and involvement of young people in social activities.
Heritage storytelling, community empowerment and sustainable development
Authors:   Emlyon Business School, Rinallo Diego
Published: December 2021

In many disciplines, storytelling has gained recognition as a powerful tool for sharing wisdom, stimulating empathy, transmitting knowledge and persuading audiences about promotional messages. With the emergence of the worldwide web first, and social media more recently, much attention has been focused on the potential of digital storytelling. Storytelling is also considered by some as a means to safeguard and provide access to Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH), for example through documentation and inventorying practices built on narration or through the development of websites and applications. Public availability and marketing of ICH may however expose heritage bearers to risks of misappropriation, decontextualization or misrepresentation, as has been recognized by the UNESCO’s 2008 Operational Directives for the Implementation of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. How is it possible for heritage bearers to benefit from ICH storytelling while mitigating these risks? This article builds on work carried out in the context of two research projects that dealt with digital storytelling in very different manners: AlpFoodway, a EU Interreg Alpine Space project (2017–2019), which aimed to create a sustainable development model for peripheral mountain areas based on the preservation and valorization of the traditional Alpine food heritage; and the ongoing British Academy for Sustainability project “Celebrating local stewardship in a global market: community heritage, intellectual property protection and sustainable development in India”. Thanks to the lessons learned in the context of these two projects, this article shares some considerations on how approaches to storytelling developed in the field of marketing can assist with community empowerment and sustainable development. As a result, it contributes to a better understanding of the understudied and little understood conditions under which ICH entanglement with the market can be carried out in heritage sensitive and legally savvy manners that empowers individuals, groups and communities that are ICH bearers and ensures that they are the prime beneficiaries of the economic benefits of commercialization.
Ethics, intellectual property and commercialization of cultural heritage
Authors:   Coventry University, Deacon Harriet J.
Published: December 2021

The Sámi are an indigenous people residing in Sápmi, a region cutting across northern Scandinavia (Norway, Finland, Sweden) and the Kola Peninsula in Northwest Russia. This article tells the story of a Sámi sun symbol on a seventeen century drum, originally from Swedish Sápmi, that was registered as a trademark by a jewellery company in Norway called “Tana Gull and Sølvsmie AS” in 2009. The mark was invalidated in 2020 because, according to the Norwegian Intellectual Property Office, the registration of a religious symbol was likely to infringe on the rights of the Sámi, whose access to their own cultural and religious symbols should be protected. The basis for the decision was a public policy exception, a provision within trademark law excluding the registration of signs “contrary to morality or public policy”, and allowing the law into account public opinion, public interest and human rights. Analysis of this case is used to shape the debate about the role of intellectual property law in addressing the problem of overcommercialization, for example by preventing cultural misappropriation. The authors suggest that the notion of blasphemy or religious offence through banal commercialization should be more broadly formulated in interpretation of the public policy exception in order to take account of cultural misappropriation. They also argue that protecting the public domain by preventing registration of important cultural and religious symbols is not sufficient to address the problem of cultural misappropriation in a commercial context. Positive protection through trademark registrations is just as important as their defensive protection.
Religious heritage in international law: Nationalism, culture, and rights
Authors:   University of New South Wales, Lixinski Lucas
Published: December 2021

This Article explores the work that religious heritage performs in our thinking about the uses of heritage in the construction of politics, society, and culture. Seen as heritage, religion is an important part of nation-building, divorced from fundamental canons, and seen as a social practice, which for the most part is a positive development in line with the international human right to freedom of religion. The Article explores religious heritage in international law through the Russian experience both in the 1972 World Heritage Convention and the 2003 Intangible Cultural Heritage Convention. The author argues that, for the most part, heritage values prevail over religious ones, at least inasmuch as heritage is a proxy for secularism and cosmopolitanism. At the same time, however, the human right to freedom of religion can aid religious communities to tap into the possibilities for heritage safeguarding to protect their faith. Thus, while giving religion a priveleged position may be seen as incompatible with the worldview of peace and dialogue among nations, which international law tends to privilege, heritage law processes can also aid religion and religious communities. The coupling of heritage law with human rights can create incentives for countries like Russia to engage more seriously with the possibilities of heritage mechanisms to protect certain religious practices and curb the ascent of dangerous nationalism. Russia should therefore seriously consider ratifying the Intangible Cultural Heritage Convention, at least inasmuch as this treaty can benefit the treatment of religious heritage and its use in the country, and also help promote freedom of religion as a human right with both individual and collective dimensions.
Age as a criterion of value for tangible cultural heritage objects under Russian law
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Aleksandrova Maria A.
Published: December 2021

UNESCO’s activities are dedicated to the conservation of both intangible and tangible cultural heritage. One of the most difficult issues in constructing a system for the protection of tangible cultural heritage objects is the criteria for identifying objects as cultural heritage. Obviously, it takes time to assess the cultural or historical value and significance of a tangible object. In most cases, granting the status of a cultural heritage object is assigned much later than its creation. However, international acts also do not contain specific requirements for how old a particular object should be in order to qualify it as an object of cultural heritage. UNESCO’s practice is known for several cases of adding to the World Heritage List relatively young sites. The Russian Cultural Heritage Object Act (2002), along with the laws of some other countries, establishes a specific age (40 years) that any object must reach in order to become a cultural heritage object. An exception is made only for memorial apartments and buildings (they can be attributed as objects of cultural heritage immediately after the death of famous personalities) and for objects of archeology (they must be at least 100 years old). This rule of law is mandatory, which means that it does not make other exceptions to the rule of 40 years. Such a rule of law significantly distinguishes the Russian approach from foreign legislation. On the one hand, such regulation may negatively affect the possibility of protecting outstanding objects from the late Soviet and early new Russian period. On the other hand, the approach of granting the status of cultural heritage objects to many relatively new objects can negatively affect urban development. The author proposes to evaluate and review this provision of law in order to find the optimal balance of public and private interests.
Proprietary fragmentation and public-private management of UNESCO sites owned by the Italian state
Authors:   Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and tourism, Tarasco Antonio L.
Published: December 2021

This article is intended to develop the topic of the relationship between UNESCO sites owned by the Italian state and the profiles of their profitability and sustainability. If it is true that a common characteristic of Italian (and not only) UNESCO sites is the heterogeneity of the legal titles of ownership of such objects, then at the same time, for UNESCO sites belonging to the Italian state (25 out of 55: 45,55 %), the heterogeneity of management models is added to the multiplicity of legal regimes. In this case, the plurality of these properties affects both the valorization of the object and the quality of its management. The negative consequences of the fragmentation of the management of a UNESCO state site can be grouped as follows: 1) differences in recruitment approaches; 2) differences in management models; 3) qualitative differences in work experience; 4) differences in economic profitability; 5) differences in the accounting system. If such diversity is hardly understandable even when objects belong to different institutions, it is even less understandable when they belong to the state. The consequence of the absolute heterogeneity of the legal and organizational framework is the heterogeneity of economic results. The gap is huge and unacceptable: The Etruscan tombs of Tarquinia and Cerveteri bring in the following revenue: € 38 964,84 (2018) and € 57 127,00 (2019). At the same time, the income of the Archaeological Park Colosseum is: € 46 347 249,57 (2018) and € 48 465 096,71 (2019). If it is true that the award of UNESCO site status to a cultural monument is independent, as it should be, of its economic capabilities, then it is also true that increasing its economic profitability contributes to the achievement of the objectives of the UNESCO Convention: the protection and valorization of the cultural heritage object. Hence it is necessary to conduct autonomous financial reporting of UNESCO sites, which is currently absent in many state-owned UNESCO sites or they do not have their own accounting and financial autonomy. In conclusion, the topic of the fragmentation of ownership of the 55 Italian UNESCO sites and its impact on governance and financial returns allows us to explore the actual attention that the national legal system actually attaches to UNESCO sites, that is, the importance that, in addition to official declarations, UNESCO sites have in the domestic legal system.
Characteristics of modern European contract law
Authors:   University of Münster, Schulze Reiner
Published: December 2021

European contract law has recently entered a new phase in its development as a result of the introduction of new legislation responding to the challenges posed by digitalization and, in particular, the supply of digital content and digital services. Whereas the new legislation contains several characteristics which reflect a continuity of concepts already well-established in European contract law, several innovations have been necessary in order to take account of the specific features of these digital products and the manner in which they are supplied. The legislative responses will play a pivotal role not only in consumer protection but for European contract law. This article will focus in particular on two new “twin” directives: Directive 2019/770 on certain aspects concerning contracts for the supply of digital content and digital services and Directive 2019/771 on certain aspects concerning contracts for the sale of goods. In examining the core features of these two Directives, this article will consider how their new and innovative characteristics which respond to the challenges of digitalization can contribute towards a modern European contract law. These new approaches in European legislation clearly show that the further development of contract law is facing challenges that go beyond this area of law. The modernization of contract law therefore raises questions that must ultimately be directed at clarifying the overarching features of European private law as a whole. Finally, the relationship between the law of obligations, on the one hand, and property law or intellectual property law, on the other, and possibly a new definition of the boundaries and interaction between these areas, can be considered if contract law recognizes data as an asset, but it will not be able to guarantee sufficient protection of these assets with its instruments alone. Embedding the new concepts, principles and rules in the field of contract law in the development of private law as a whole, in line with the changes in the “digital age”, will therefore remain a major task for legislation and legal doctrine in the EU and beyond.
Сivil law information obligations under French law
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Lugmanov Radik R.
Published: December 2021

The article is the result of a study of the doctrine and practice of information obligations under French law, which initially did not recognize any broad information obligations. The development of this institution has been slow with the accumulation of doctrine and practice. There has been a gradual realization that solidarity, fairness and good faith require disclosure of information relevant to the decision to enter into a contract or implement a contract. Particularly noticeable was the expansion of information obligations in professional relationships. Much attention is paid to the doctrinal problem of defining information obligations using the necessary elements: material and psychological. Only the simultaneous presence of these elements on the debtor’s side and the absence of an inexcusable mistake on the creditor’s side testify to the presence of an information obligation. It is noted that one of the peculiarities of information obligations is the fact that, as a rule, the creditor learns about it when the obligation has already been violated. These examples of legislative regulation and court practice demonstrate the complexity of interaction between the institutions of error and fraud and the legal category of information obligations. The author of the article proposes to get acquainted with the generally accepted division of information obligations by chronological criterion and by the degree of content of the obligation. In general, it should be noted that this study will be useful for the beginning of the formation of the doctrine of information obligations, which is currently absent in Russian civil law.
The principle of good faith and fair dealing in English contract law
Authors:   Jagiellonian University, Halberda Jan
Published: December 2021

Given that continental civil law scholarship applies the concept of good faith in either a subjective (honesty in fact) or objective sense (good faith and fair dealing), the present article focuses on the latter one. The traditional view in England and Wales discards the recognition of a general principle of good faith and fair dealing in English law. English courts have adopted a piecemeal solutions approach (as shown by the judicial decisions issued in Interfoto Picture Library (1987) and Walford v. Miles (1992)). Meanwhile, the principle in question, along with the concept of the freedom of contract, is one of the most important principles of the continental civil law tradition (cf. art. 1104 of the French Civil Code, § 157, § 242 of the German Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch, art. 2 (1) of the Swiss Zivilgesetzbuch, art. 6:2 Burgerlijk Wetboek, art. 5 of the Polish Civil Code, art. 2 (1) Common European Sales Law, art. 1:201 Principles of European Contract Law, art. III1:103 Draft Common Frame of Reference). The current work analyzes recent English case law (in particular Yam Seng (2013)), which seems to acknowledge the principle of good faith and fair dealing while rejecting the traditional view mentioned above. The comparative approach — references to American, and Commonwealth law, as well as to that of particular European states — is taken into account. The author claims that hostility to the concept of good faith in an objective sense in English law is superficial. One may expect that in the near future courts in England and Wales will follow the path taken by courts in the United States (§ 205 of the Restatement (Second) of Contracts (1981)), Australia (Renard Constructions (1992)) and Canada (Bhasin v. Hrynew (2014)), and they will finally recognize good faith as an underlying principle.
Dogmatic and political-legal justification of real obligations
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Savenkov Aleksei V.
Published: December 2021

The development of Russian civil law allows us to conclude that such an institution of the general theory of civil law as real obligations (obligatio propter rem) is no stranger to domestic law. At the same time, the existence of some relevant legal rules in federal laws and the recent jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation allows us to confirm the conclusion. It demonstrates that there are more and more examples of real obligations in Russian law. Meanwhile, the possibility of the very existence of real obligations in Russian law remains a controversial issue in the Russian civil law doctrine. In the article, the author, raising the question of the permissibility of the existence of real obligations, systematically analyzes possible dogmatic and political-legal arguments, the answers to which make it possible to find the place of real obligations in the system of Russian civil law. At the beginning of the work, the author turns to the dogmatic grounds for substantiating real obligations. Thus, the author reveals the importance of the structure of the system of property law, the principles of numerus clausus and numerus apertus, the properties of following the law, and of the principle of privity of contract for the existence of the real obligations in the given legal order. In the second part of the article, the author tries to provide a political-legal justification for real obligations. The author compares the legal possibilities that are provided, on the one hand, by the use of real obligations in civil law transactions, and, on the other hand, by the use of limited real rights (for example, servitudes), legal restrictions on property rights and social norms (neighborly norms). In the final part of the article, the author summarizes the conclusions made in the article, coming mainly to the general conclusion that Russian private law does not contain serious dogmatic and political-legal preclusions to the existence of real obligations in the domestic legal order.
Design and assessment of water source alternatives for Mariout 2 water treatment plant extension
Authors: Aly Samia A. , Elbanouby Moamen , Eladwe Sadek M.
Published: December 2021

Factors such as population increase and industrialization, coupled with the establishment of touristic villages, have necessitated an upgradation of water treatment plants (WTPs) in Egypt. In this study, three different water source alternatives were designed and compared with a simple decision matrix to select the most appropriate one for upgrading and extending the Mariout 2 WTP. The first two alternatives are located on the k-40 Alex-Cairo desert road and k-77 EL Nasr canal, respectively, where the water source is obtained from the Nile River. The third alternative is located at the k-51 Alex-Matrouh coastal road and a non-conventional seawater source is used. The design results showed that the required energy power of the first, second, and third alternatives were 0.31, 0.066, and 0.72 kw/purified m3, respectively. The operational costs of the first, second, and third alternatives were 0.665, 0.426, and 6.621 EGP/m3, respectively. The cost of the intake pipes was found to be the lowest for the third alternative, whereas it was found to be the highest for the first one. Based on the results obtained from the decision matrix, the third alternative was found to be the most appropriate alternative followed by the second one. This study may assist in making decisions regarding the water source selection and treatment methods for the extension of the fourth stage of the Mariout 2 WTP.
A review on future wastewater treatment technologies: micro-nanobubbles, hybrid electro-Fenton processes, photocatalytic fuel cells, and microbial fuel cells
Authors: Selihin Nurhafizah Mohd , Tay Meng Guan
Published: December 2021

The future prospect in wastewater treatment technologies mostly emphasizes processing efficiency and the economic benefits. Undeniably, the use of advanced oxidation processes in physical and chemical treatments has played a vital role in helping the technologies to remove the organic pollutants efficiently and reduce the energy consumption or even harvesting the electrons movements in the oxidation process to produce electrical energy. In the present paper, we review several types of wastewater treatment technologies, namely micro-nanobubbles, hybrid electro-Fenton processes, photocatalytic fuel cells, and microbial fuel cells. The aims are to explore the interaction of hydroxyl radicals with pollutants using these wastewater technologies, including their removal efficiencies, optimal conditions, reactor setup, and energy generation. Despite these technologies recording high removal efficiency of organic pollutants, the selection of the technologies is dependent on the characteristics of the wastewater and the daily production volume. Hence the review paper also provides comparisons between technologies as the guidance in technology selection.
O imaginário urbano e a fotografia
Authors: Cordeiro Anna Gabriella de Souza , Stamatto Maria Inês Sucupira
Published: December 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo reconhecer as rupturas existentes na continuidade histórica do bairro da Ribeira, a partir do estudo das fotografias que compõe o imaginário urbano da cidade de Natal, no início do século XX e no início do século XXI. Entende-se o imaginário com base na perspectiva da nova história cultural, representada pelo pensamento de Patlagean e Le Goff. Para auxiliar na análise do imaginário, encontrou- se apoio na semiologia e no materialismo histórico dialético. Para delimitar a pesquisa, foram escolhidas fotografias de quatro edifícios, nos dois períodos estudados. Conclui- se que, ao estudar as fotografias do bairro da Ribeira nos momentos distintos, é possível observar as dinâmicas processadas no espaço onde o foco que outrora foi à modernidade, hoje é a ruína.
A Universidade Federal do Pará em tempos de ditadura
Authors: Nascimento Reis Renan
Published: December 2021

A temática apresentada neste artigo diz respeito às experiências vivenciadas nos primeiros dezesseis anos de funcionamento da Universidade Federal do Pará. Esse recorte temporal abrange desde a criação da UFPA até o final do mandato do reitor Aloysio Chaves, quando se consolida a Reforma Universitária. Foi a temporalidade que melhor se adequou ao objetivo desse artigo: discutir, através de fontes orais, como a comunidade acadêmica vivenciou esse momento de modernização e transformações, após o golpe civil-militar de 1964. Utilizaremos a metodologia da História Oral, considerando os depoimentos como nosso principal material de análise. Um dos principais resultados alcançados foi a compreensão de que o período é visto de maneiras diferentes, considerando a posição de cada ator envolvido, construindo-se memórias conflitantes sobre o mesmo contexto histórico.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Memória. Ditadura civil-militar. Educação.
RELAÇÃO ENTRE GASTO PÚBLICO EM EDUCAÇÃO E DESEMPENHO EDUCACIONAL: UMA ANÁLISE DOS MUNICÍPIOS DO NORDESTE
Authors: Morais Georiana Karla Oliveira de , Andrade Maria Elza de , Costa Rodolfo Ferreira Ribeiro , Lima Francisco Soares de
Published: December 2021

O presente trabalho faz uma análise da relação entre o gasto público em educação e desempenho educacional, mais propriamente, verifica se um maior gasto em educação nos municípios do Nordeste leva a um maior aprendizado de seus alunos, para o ano de 2015. Para fins de obtenção dos resultados o método aplicado foi o de regressão quantílica. Foram utilizados como medida de desempenho educacional a proficiência em teste de português e matemática, aplicados em alunos matriculados no 5ª ano da rede municipal do Nordeste. Como medida de gasto foi considerada a despesa em educação ponderada por aluno matriculado. Também foram testados os efeitos do PIB per capita municipal, escolaridade das mães, formação acadêmica dos professores e infraestrutura escolar. A relação entre o gasto público em educação e desempenho educacional não apresentou resultados claros, porém a formação acadêmica dos professores apresentou uma forte relação com o desempenho educacional.
AVALIAÇÃO DAS CARACTERISTICAS DOS TRABALHADORES DO NÍVEL OPERACIONAL DO SUBSETOR ADMINISTRAÇÃO PUBLICA DO MUNICÍPIO DE MONTES CLAROS/MG
Authors: Santos Cardoso Renan Zorzy dos , Souza Beirão Éder de , Versiani Sindeaux Roney , Viana Duarte Simone
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar as características dos trabalhadores do nível operacional do subsetor Administração Pública do município de Montes Claros/MG. O tipo de pesquisa utilizado no estudo foi a descritiva e bibliográfica, assumindo a forma de um estudo de caso do mercado de trabalho do municipio de Montes Claros/MG. Possui abordagem quantitativa de dados, tendo esses sido extraidos por meio de levantamento na Relação anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS), banco de dados disponibilizado pelo Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego (MTE) e do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Os trabalhadores desse subsetor em sua maior parte estão localizados no Grupo 3 representados pelos trabalhadores com ensino superior, tendo sua maior representatividade na faixa etária dos 40 a 49 anos e recebendo em média cerca de 1 a 2 salários mínimos. As mulheres representam média de 58.19% do total habitantes do município, sendo responsáveis, possuindo um maior percentual de escolaridade, em relação aos homens do município. Porém, as maiores faixas salariais pertencem aos homens, em detrimento das mulheres. Este cenário representa as desigualdades do mercado de trabalho local e servem de modelo, para que sejam identificadas as dificuldades existente em todo o Brasil.
ECONOMIA CRIATIVA NO MERCADO DA MODA E SUA INFLUÊNCIA NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DA INDÚSTRIA TÊXTIL NO NORDESTE
Authors: Oliveira da Silva Francisco , Dos Santos Altamira Vicente
Published: December 2021

Este trabalho contempla um extrato do trabalho de monografia executado pelo pesquisador, cujo tema foi: “A economia criativa no mercado da moda e sua influência no desenvolvimento da indústria têxtil no Nordeste. O objetivo geral é identificar a influência econômica da economia criativa no mercado da moda no desenvolvimento da indústria têxtil na região nordeste. Especificamente pretendeu-se: Contextualizar sobre economia criativa e moda no Brasil; Caracterizar a atuação da economia criativa no mercado da moda na economia brasileira; e explorar a influência da economia criativa na moda, e desenvolvimento da indústria têxtil no Nordeste. Metodologicamente foi feito uma pesquisa de cunho exploratória e análise descritiva com abordagem qualitativa utilizando dados secundários, além de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, tomando como território o Nordeste e a atuação da economia criativa nas industrias têxtis. Quanto aos métodos de coletas foram utilizados os métodos de pesquisa bibliográfica documental. Viu-se que apesar da inserção da economia criativa em grandes industrias têxtis ser recente, nota-se um aumento considerável do uso de técnicas artesanais populares, como bordados, crochês, dentre outros. Logo, o estudo mostra como o mercado têxtil Nordestino é um dos principais setores responsáveis pela economia da região gerando produto e renda para seus residentes e que apresentando uma modernização tardia, vem crescendo e se inovando em tecnologia, sendo considerada a a segunda região têxtil mais importante do país.
Od Redakcji
Authors: Chrudzimska-Uhera Katarzyna , Vel Grabarczyk Paweł Drabarczyk
Published: December 2021

Artykuł wprowadzający
Twórczość Marcina Rząsy. Przyczynek do monografii
Authors: Burnat Blanka
Published: December 2021

Abstrakt:

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie sylwetki zakopiańskiego rzeźbiarza Marcina Rząsy w oparciu o badania własne autorki. Tekst prezentuje życiorys artystyczny twórcy, począwszy od czasu studiów w warszawskiej Akademii Sztuk Pięknych. Następnie Autorka nakreśla zasadnicze motywy w twórczości Marcina Rząsy i stara się zinterpretować styl i wyraz jego figuralnych przedstawień. Podkreśla też znaczenie drewna jako wykorzystywanego przez Rząsę materiału rzeźbiarskiego.

Summary:

The article aims to bring the profile and the work of the sculptor Marcin Rząsa from Zakopane. It consists of sculptor’s artistic biography from his childhood to the end of the education at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw. In the second part the author outlines the main interest of Marcin Rząsa figurative art and tries to analyze and interpret the artist’s expression. Further the article brings out the importance of wood as a material used in Rząsa’s carving process.
Notatki filmowe Piera Paola Pasoliniego na tle literackiej i filmowej poetyki brulionu
Authors: Birkholc Robert
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the form of film ‘notes’, defined by the author as nonfictional films depicting preparations for the production of fictional works. The author describes this particular subgenre of film essay in the context of other forms of self-referential non-fictional cinema, and also comparatively confronts it with self-referential literary notes, in which writers present their creative process. The subject of the analysis are three works realized by Pier Paolo Pasolini: Sopralluoghi in Palestina per il vangelo secondo Matteo (1965), Appunti per un film sull’India (1968), Appunti per un’Orestiade Africana (1970). The author draws attention to the production of these films and describes the process of shaping the ‘notes’ formula in the films of the Italian director. The article then discusses the main features of the form of ‘notes’, such as: heterogeneity, variability, polyphony and the subjectivity. As the author argues, although analogous tendencies can be found in literary notes and film ‘notes’, media contexts significantly change their form and configuration. While in literary notes the tension between the signifier and the signified seems to be the most important, in film ‘notes’ the most important is the relationship between the interpretant and the objects, which cannot be ‘subordinated’ to the concept of the film director.