bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tribocatalytically-activated formation of protective friction and wear reducing carbon coatings from alkane environment
Authors: Shirani Asghar , Li Yuzhe , Eryilmaz Osman Levent , Berman Diana
Published: October 2021

Minimizing the wear of the surfaces exposed to mechanical shear stresses is a critical challenge for maximizing the lifespan of rotary mechanical parts. In this study, we have discovered the anti-wear capability of a series of metal nitride-copper nanocomposite coatings tested in a liquid hydrocarbon environment. The results indicate substantial reduction of the wear in comparison to the uncoated steel substrate. Analysis of the wear tracks indicates the formation of carbon-based protective films directly at the sliding interface during the tribological tests. Raman spectroscopy mapping of the wear track suggests the amorphous carbon (a-C) nature of the formed tribofilm. Further analysis of the tribocatalytic activity of the best coating candidate, MoN-Cu, as a function of load (0.25–1 N) and temperature (25 °C and 50 °C) was performed in three alkane solutions, decane, dodecane, and hexadecane. Results indicated that elevated temperature and high contact pressure lead to different tribological characteristics of the coating tested in different environments. The elemental energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analysis and Raman analysis revealed formation of the amorphous carbon film that facilitates easy shearing at the contact interface thus enabling more stable friction behavior and lower wear of the tribocatalytic coating. These findings provide new insights into the tribocatalysis mechanism that enables the formation of zero-wear coatings.
Snails associated with the coral-killing sponge Terpios hoshinota in Okinawa Island, Japan
Authors: Yamashiro Hideyuki , Fukumori Hiroaki , Aini Siti Nurul , Hirose Yurika
Published: October 2021

Terpios hoshinota is a thin encrusting sponge that overgrows live scleractinian corals and it is linked to coral loss in many reefs. However, our knowledge of the species associated with this sponge species is poor. During a periodical survey of T. hoshinota in 2020, we found tiny snails crawling on the sponge in the subtropical waters around Okinawa Island, Japan. We observed egg capsules inside the sponge tissue and veliger larvae released from the egg capsules. Molecular analyses of both the snails and veliger larvae (cytochrome oxidase I, COI) showed that they were identical and belonged to Joculator sp. (family Cerithiopsidae). There was no direct observation of predation on the sponge by this snail; however, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on a close association between a snail and the sponge T. hoshinota.
Experimental study on the properties of modern blue clay brick for Kaifeng People's Conference Hall
Authors: Ma Shaochun , Wu Youwen , Bao Peng
Published: October 2021

This article presents building assessment research comprising on-site inspections, indoor scientific tests, and material performance studies on the wall blue clay bricks in the Kaifeng People’s Conference Hall, objectively developing an enhanced scientific understanding to renovate modern buildings. Using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), alongside a parametric study of density, moisture content, water absorption, void ratio, frosting, compressive strength, and softening coefficient in assessing the material health of the blue clay bricks and it’s non-key parts, in developing “appropriate and compatible renovation” to repair contemporaneous buildings. The composition, pore characteristics, weathering degree, and mechanical properties of the blue clay brick samples were analyzed. These parameters showed that blue clay brick fired at less than 1000 °C; the main mineral composition as quartz, followed by albite, mica, and anorthite. Its density was 1.573 g/cm3, less than the 1.70 g/cm3of ordinary clay brick. According to the standards, the water absorption was greater than that of regular sintered bricks by more than 18% and was slightly frosted. Compressive strength being less than MU10 did not meet the current design specifications for masonry. Its softening coefficient was between 0.70 and 0.85, but its water resistance was relatively good. The research results provide an essential reference for judging the health and longevity of modern buildings to achieve scientific guidelines for practical protection.
Copine 3 “CPNE3” is a novel regulator for insulin secretion and glucose uptake in pancreatic β-cells
Authors: El-Huneidi Waseem , Anjum Shabana , Mohammed Abdul Khader , Unnikannan Hema , Saeed Rania , Bajbouj Khuloud , Abu-Gharbieh Eman , Taneera Jalal
Published: October 2021

Copine 3 (CPNE3) is a calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein that has been found to play an essential role in cancer progression and stages. However, its role in pancreatic β-cell function has not been investigated. Therefore, we performed a serial of bioinformatics and functional experiments to explore the potential role of Cpne3 on insulin secretion and β-cell function in human islets and INS-1 (832/13) cells. RNA sequencing and microarray data revealed that CPNE3 is highly expressed in human islets compared to other CPNE genes. In addition, expression of CPNE3 was inversely correlated with HbA1c and reduced in human islets from hyperglycemic donors. Silencing of Cpne3 in INS-1 cells impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), insulin content and glucose uptake efficiency without affecting cell viability or inducing apoptosis. Moreover, mRNA and protein expression of the key regulators in glucose sensing and insulin secretion (Insulin, GLUT2, NeuroD1, and INSR) were downregulated in Cpne3-silenced cells. Taken together, data from the present study provides a new understanding of the role of CPNE3 in maintaining normal β-cell function, which might contribute to developing a novel target for future management of type 2 diabetes therapy.
Cu-catalyzed C(sp2)–N-bond coupling of boronic acids and cyclic imides
Authors: Berntsen Linn Neerbye , Solvi Thomas Nordbø , Sørnes Kristian , Wragg David S. , Sandtorv Alexander H.
Published: October 2021

Cu-t the Ru. A general Cu-catalyzed method for (E)-enimide-formation is described. The process is mild and practical, and couples cyclic imides and alkenylboronic acids. The method can also be used to prepare N-arylimides.
Improved catalytic hydrogen release of quasi HKUST-1 compared to HKUST-1
Authors: Bagheri Minoo , Melillo Arianna , Ferrer Belen , Masoomi Mohammad Yaser , Garcia Hermenegildo
Published: October 2021

Controlled thermolysis of HKUST-1 generates a quasi-MOF with unsaturated metal sites due to partial ligand removal that shows a 20-fold enhancement of the H2 release turnover frequency at room temperature in the absence of a base.
Subvalent mixed SixGey oligomers: (Cl3Si)4Ge and Cl2(Me2EtN)SiGe(SiCl3)2
Authors: Kunkel Chantal , Bolte Michael , Lerner Hans-Wolfram , Albert Philipp , Wagner Matthias
Published: October 2021

The subvalent mixed SixGey species 1 and 2 are conveniently accessible from GeCl4/Si2Cl6; in the presence of Me2EtN, 1 is quantitatively converted to 2.
Protein crystallisation facilitated by silica particles to compensate for the adverse impact from protein impurities
Authors: Li Xiaoyu , Heng Jerry Y. Y.
Published: October 2021

Nanonucleants for protein crystallisation in the presence of impurities.
A tryptophan-based copper(ii) coordination polymer: catalytic activity towards Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions
Authors: Husain Ahmad , Rani Pooja , Nar Kuldeep Kaur , Singh Amit Pratap , Kumar Rakesh , Bhasin K. K. , Kumar Girijesh
Published: October 2021

An unusual tryptophan coordination mode with copper(ii) wherein l-tryp is coordinated through the carboxylate and amine groups. A heterogeneous catalyst for the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction with ∼98% yield under normal reaction conditions.
Enhanced stability and activity of Cu–BTC by trace Ru3+ substitution in water photolysis for hydrogen evolution
Authors: Xia Jihe , Liu Xingyan , Zhou Haibo , Pu Linjiang , Zhang Jie , Li Xiaodan , Li Fukun , Long Liangjun , Li Siqi , He Youzhou
Published: October 2021

Constructing stable, efficient and cost-effective cocatalysts is of great significance for photocatalytic H2 evolution in a dye-sensitization system.
Hydrangea-like architectures composed of Zr-based metal–organic framework nanosheets with enhanced iodine capture
Authors: Wang Xiangxiang , Zhang Hao , Qi Chao , Zhou Fan , Ni Linhan , Chen Saisai , Qi Junwen , Wang Chaohai , Zheng Tao , Li Jiansheng
Published: October 2021

Zirconium-based metal–organic framework nanosheet assembled hydrangea-like architectures were reported and an enhanced iodine capture capacity was achieved.
A pillar-layered chalcogenide framework assembled by [Mn5S12N12]n layers and [Sb2S5] inorganic pillars
Authors: Sun Peipei , Wu Jin , Wang Zhiqiang , Wang Xiang , Chen Ning , Wu Tao
Published: October 2021

One pillar-layered metal chalcogenide open framework formed by the [Mn5S12(N2H4)6]n layers and [Sb2S5] inorganic pillars. It displays good acid- and base-stability and electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity.
Selective dimerization of α-methylstyrene by tunable bis(catecholato)germane Lewis acid catalysts
Authors: Henry Andrew T. , Cosby Taylor P. L. , Boyle Paul D. , Baines Kim M.
Published: October 2021

Donor-ligated bis(catecholato)germanes are highly Lewis acidic and selectively catalyse the dimerization of α-methylstyrene depending on the donor/additive present.
Carbon dot based nucleus targeted fluorescence imaging and detection of nuclear hydrogen peroxide in living cells
Authors: Phukan Kabyashree , Sarma Ritwick Ranjan , Dash Somarani , Devi Rajlakshmi , Chowdhury Devasish
Published: October 2021

Detection of exogenous and endogenous H2O2 using boron doped p-phenylenediamine based carbon quantum dots (B-PPD CDs) in RAW 264.7 cells.
The preparation of a special fluorescent probe with an aggregation-induced emission effect for detecting hydrazine in water
Authors: Pan Jiamin , Ma Jie , Liu Hui , Zhang Yuxin , Lu Luyu
Published: October 2021

A novel phenyl-carbazole fluorescent molecule, PCBI, with an AIE effect is used as an excellent special probe for the detection of N2H4 in a DMF–H2O system.
Boosting the electrochemistry of Li2O2 in lithium–oxygen batteries by plasmon-induced hot-electron injection
Authors: Yang Weixue , Li Fei , Liu Huali , Li Zhen , Zhao Jiaqi , Wang Yu
Published: October 2021

A light-assisted lithium–oxygen battery is constructed to improve the kinetics of the ORR and OER with a semiconductor–metal composite cathode material.
Hydrothermal synthesis of perfectly shaped micro- and nanosized carbonated apatite
Authors: Nifant'ev Ilya E. , Tavtorkin Alexander V. , Legkov Sergey A. , Korchagina Sofia A. , Shandryuk Georgiy A. , Kretov Egor A. , Dmitrienko Artem O. , Ivchenko Pavel V.
Published: October 2021

Herein we present a Ca[EDTA]-based synthesis and comparative study of perfectly shaped plate-like, rod–like, and prism-like carbonated apatites.
Uniformly dispersed platinum nanoparticles over nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide as an efficient electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Chen Xiaohong , Xue Zhiyong , Zheng Yafei , Liu Xundao , Zhang Yongming
Published: October 2021

We developed a facile, yet general approach to prepare ultrafine Pt nanoparticles loaded on N-doped reduced graphene (Pt–N-rGO) composites, which showed excellent oxygen reduction reaction performance.
Effect of porous structural properties on lithium-ion and sodium-ion storage: illustrated by the example of a micro-mesoporous graphene1−x(MoS2)xanode
Authors: Sun Yige , Tang Jie , Zhang Kun , Yu Xiaoliang , Yuan Jinshi , Zhu Da-Ming , Ozawa Kiyoshi , Qin Lu-Chang
Published: October 2021

In this work, we systematically studied the effect of porous structural properties on performance of the micro-mesoporous graphene1−x(MoS2)xas anodes in lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries.
How to go beyond C1 products with electrochemical reduction of CO2
Authors: Li Da , Zhang Hao , Xiang Hang , Rasul Shahid , Fontmorin Jean-Marie , Izadi Paniz , Roldan Alberto , Taylor Rebecca , Feng Yujie , Banerji Liam , Cowan Alexander , Yu Eileen Hao , Xuan Jin
Published: October 2021

This review summaries recent development across electro-, photoelectro- and bioelectro-catalyst developments for multi-carbon products from CO2. It also explores the role of device design and operating conditions in enabling C–C bond generation.
A thermally/chemically robust and easily regenerable anilato-based ultramicroporous 3D MOF for CO2 uptake and separation
Authors: Monni Noemi , Andres-Garcia Eduardo , Caamaño Katia , García-López Víctor , Clemente-Juan Juan Modesto , Giménez-Marqués Mónica , Oggianu Mariangela , Cadoni Enzo , Mínguez Espallargas Guillermo , Clemente-León Miguel , Mercuri Maria Laura , Coronado Eugenio
Published: October 2021

A novel anilato-based 3D ultramicroporous MOF is reported, displaying a significant balance of high CO2 separation from CO2:N2 and CO2:CH4 gas mixtures, high thermal stability and high regenerability, a challenge in the separation technology industry.
Solar-accelerated chemoselective hydrogenation of 4-nitrostyrene to 4-vinylaniline with carbon dot-induced Cu over Cu3P in the absence of any sacrificial reagent
Authors: Ren Yuqi , Hao Caihong , Chang Qing , Li Ning , Yang Jinlong , Hu Shengliang
Published: October 2021

An efficient strategy is developed for the rational design and fabrication of multicomponent photocatalysts by using carbon dots (CDs) for solar-driven chemical reactions with super selectivity and activity.
Zinc/graphitic carbon nitride co-mediated dual-template synthesis of densely populated Fe–Nx-embedded 2D carbon nanosheets towards oxygen reduction reactions for Zn–air batteries
Authors: Gong Xiao-Fei , Zhang Yun-Long , Zhao Lei , Dai Yun-Kun , Cai Jia-Jun , Liu Bing , Guo Pan , Zhou Qing-Yan , Yagi Ichizo , Wang Zhen-Bo
Published: October 2021

Densely populated single-atom Fe–Nx-embedded carbon nanosheets (SAs-Fe/N-CNSs) synthesized by a Zn/g-C3N4-mediated dual-template strategy with excellent performance on ORRs and Zn–air batteries.
A co-crystallization strategy toward high-performance n-type organic semiconductors through charge transport switching from p-type planar azaacene derivatives
Authors: Wang Zongrui , Li Renping , Zhao Kexiang , Yu Fei , Zhao Jianfeng , Zhen Yonggang , Zhang Qichun
Published: October 2021

The co-crystallization strategy has offered an efficient route to achieve high-performance n-type semiconductors through charge-transport switching from pristine p-type azaacene derivatives.
Immersive and cultural transformation of the system of additional education as a tool for the development of environmental and social responsibility of the society
Authors: Oparin Roman , Arbuzova Elena , Nazarov Sergey
Published: October 2021

The article scientifically substantiates the cultural and creative concept of additional environmental education, as a methodological basis for the formation and development of environmental and social responsibility, which involves the development of four levels of value orientations of students: reproductive, heuristic, creative. The concept is aimed at the formation of the individual activity of students in solving environmental problems on the basis of social, scientific and aesthetic axiological systems that determine the content of ecological-biotechnical, ecological-research, ecological-aesthetic activities. The main result of the implementation of this concept is the ability of students to plan their activities for the study, preservation and creative transformation of the environment independently, using traditional and immersive technologies. Scientists have designed a cultural and creative system of additional environmental education for students using immersive learning technologies, which is considered as a tool for the development of environmental and social responsibility of society. The article presents the results of an experimental test of the effectiveness of the cultural and creative system of additional environmental education using traditional and immersive learning technologies, which has shown the high effectiveness of the influence of innovative forms, means and methods of additional environmental education in the formation of environmental value orientations of students.
The role of the ecological culture of the teacher for the sustainable development of the state
Authors: Shaidenko N. A. , Kipurova S. N. , Shelispanskaya E. V. , Sergeeva A. V. , Zubenko N. Yu.
Published: October 2021

The concept of sustainable development (SD) was born, developed and is actively evolving in many national and international strategies, official reports, modern scientific research in various directions. The context of sustainable development is present in the official and scientific chronicle of the development of society, summarized in documents and studies. However, in pedagogical works, this tendency is not covered in such detail. The idea of SD is aimed at systematic, multidimensional development, at the well-being of countries, peoples, an individual, at eliminating inequalities: demographic, social and political stability and neutralizing factors dangerous for the development of nature. The basic element of SD in the 21st century is higher education, which was declared at the Paris World Conference on Higher Education in 2009. The evolution of education in a society of sustainable development contributes to a change in the ecological culture of an individual and groups of people based on a value attitude towards nature, safety, health, well-being, unity and cultural diversity. The article is based on the idea of the leading importance of the formed ecological culture of the teacher for the sustainable development of the state. The developed foundations for the formation of environmental culture in the context of sustainable development of university students imply the definition of its goals and conditions, clarification of the structure and relationships between the components, patterns and principles, methods and forms of organization of training, criteria and indicators for assessing the development of components of environmental culture.
Ecological communications of modern students (experience of the Moscow automotive-road state technical university)
Authors: Voznesensky I. S. , Mironova T. A. , Ternovaya L. O.
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of the analysis of the process of expansion and diversity of communication channels in the university environment, which is relevant from the standpoint of achieving the goals of sustainable development in the field of education. It is shown that one of the most accessible and open communication channels, in which modern students are actively involved, is the channel of environmental communications. They have many manifestations, which corresponds to the most exceptionally wide ecological space, reflecting both individual and collective interests, features of a narrow professional attitude to nature and its civilizational understanding. A significant part of the disciplines studied in higher education contributes to the formation of students' environmental competencies. The specificity of the ecological approach to education and upbringing contributes to involvement of students in activities for the nature protection. The regularities of environmental communications functioning can be traced on the example of environmental education carried out at the Moscow Automobile Road State Technical University (MADI).
Results on laboratory-instrumental studies of atmospheric air after fire suppression
Authors: Kriyt V. E. , Sladkova Yu. N. , Sannikov M. V. , Pyatibrat A. O.
Published: October 2021

The paper presents the results of laboratory-instrumental studies of atmospheric air sampled during the first day after fire suppression in different localization. Carbon oxide, hydrochloride, hydrocyanide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and dioxins were determined in the air samples taken. The comparison was made with the hygienic standards established by SanPiN 1.2.3685-21 “Hygienic standards and requirements to ensure safety and (or) harmlessness for humans of environmental factors”. Analysis of the obtained data showed that the concentrations of most of the detected toxic combustion products one day after fire suppression were at a level close to MAC for the working area air, but significantly exceeded MAC established for the atmospheric air of urban and rural settlements. The largest exceedances were obtained at sites such as industrial and residential buildings, which can be explained by the use of a wide range of building materials.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of heat pumps of the “water-water” type in the wastewater disposal system of the building
Authors: Kuzmin Sergey , Kudelkin Leonid
Published: October 2021

The paper presents the results of the analysis of the effectiveness of the use of heat pumps of the “water-water” type for the extraction of thermal energy from the wastewater of wastewater disposal systems of residential buildings. A system of equations characterizing the operation of heat pumps in the system - “drains-heat consumption” - is obtained. The thermal potential of the wastewater and the cost of the extracted energy were estimated.
Homeostatic version of the formation of human capital: ecological aspect
Authors: Ibragimov Radiy
Published: October 2021

Now it is found that under the capitalized qualities of a person, not only high-tech competencies can be understood. This capital does not exist outside time and space; Its implementation responds to specific social queries. For example, with the current demographic dynamics, the territory of a huge country through a couple of generations will be unnecessary. The article substantiates the thesis that the post-industrial model of the history is an optional development line. In conditions of social entropy, the return to homeostatic equilibrium with an ecological environment is both the most humanistic, and the most clearly predicted, and the least costly of the future scenarios. The consideration of the inevitability of homeostasis, in turn, leads to the need to interpret the concept of «human capital», which will allow the typical carrier of such capital to be the most successful in the new socio-ecological situation.
Supportive mechanisms for redundant employees in the context of digital transformation of the Russian labour market
Authors: Babynina Liliya , Kartashova Larisa , Loktyukhina Natalia , Shubenkova Evgeniya , Nikonova Olga
Published: October 2021

The article presents results of the analysis of the current mechanism for supporting redundant employees with the development of digital transformation processes in the Russian labour market. Three directions for improving this mechanism have been identified: the choice of criteria for the release of personnel, the implementation of an active employment policy and a system of social support for the unemployed. The redundant employees are labour resources and the potential for the development of the country, therefore, it is important not only government support for such employees, but also additional measures of socially responsible employers.
Kontinuierliches Glukosemonitoring nach Verzehr alltäglicher Lebensmittel und ihre Wirkung auf den postprandialen Glukose- und Insulinspiegel
Authors: Röhling Martin , Kempf Kerstin , Martin Stephan
Published: October 2021

Einleitung Mit der Low-Insulin-Methode konnten wir kürzlich ein neuartiges Gewichtsabnehmprogramm etablieren, das einen Gewichtsverlust im Mittel um 10 kg nach einem Jahr ermöglichte. In der gegenwärtigen Untersuchung haben wir alltägliche Lebensmittel auf deren Glukose- sowie Insulinauswirkung unter „real-life“-Bedingungen getestet. Das kontinuierliche Glukosemonitoring diente dabei als Motivationstool für die Teilnehmer. Die genutzten Produkte wurden so gewählt, dass sie zu einer Insulinsekretion führen, die bekanntlich die Lipolyse blockiert.

Methoden Unterschiedliche Produkte des Alltags (Getränke, Brote und Müsli, Süßigkeiten) wurden von gesunden Personen (n = 12; BMI = 20,5–32,0 kg/m²; Alter = 18–60 Jahre) nüchtern morgens konsumiert. Glukosespiegel wurden mittels Flash-Glukose-Systeme gemessen. Zusätzlich wurde aus venösem Blut der Insulinspiegel bestimmt. Zur statistischen Bewertung des Einflusses der Testprodukte auf die Glukose- sowie Insulinspiegel wurde die incremental-area-under-the-curve (iAUC) nach 120 min berechnet.

Ergebnisse Die Getränke Apfelsaft und Limonade zeigten im Vergleich keinen statistischen Unterschied in ihrer postprandialen Glukosewirkung (iAUCGlukose: rd. 1000 mg * 15 min/ dl) nach 120 min. Bei den Broten und Müsli hatte insbesondere das spezielle Eiweißbrot keinen relevanten Einfluss auf den Glukosespiegel. Bei den Süßigkeiten zeigten die Bioriegel einen signifikant niedrigeren postprandialen Glukoseanstieg im Vergleich zum handelsüblichen Schokoriegel (P < 0,01). Die postprandialen iAUC-Werte von Insulin- und Glukose korrelierten signifikant positiv (r = 0,354; P = 0,016).

Diskussion Alltägliche Lebensmittel zeigten einen sehr unterschiedlichen Einfluss auf den Glukose- und Insulinspiegel. Die Praktikabilität der kontinuierlichen Glukosemessung deutet auf ein mögliches Motivationstool für Patienten zur Reduktion von Insulinspiegeln hin.
Von Anämie bis Zuckerkrankheit – Sturzursachen
Authors: Galliardt Melanie
Published: October 2021

Menschen stürzen im Alter aus verschiedenen Gründen. Einfluss nehmen zum Beispiel das Geschlecht, kognitive Fähigkeiten oder das Schuhwerk. Für Therapierende gilt es die Risikofaktoren für einen Sturz zu erfassen und herauszufinden, welche Interventionsmöglichkeiten in Frage kommen.
Chronische-Bienenparalyse-Virus – quo vadis? Auftreten in Bayern und Betrachtung von Therapiemaßnahmen
Authors: Dittes Julia , Schierling Andreas , Aupperle-Lellbach Heike , Grassinger Julia M. , Mülling Christoph K. W. , Emmerich Ilka U.
Published: October 2021

Gegenstand und Ziel Das Chronische-Bienenparalyse-Virus (CBPV), ein bisher nicht klassifiziertes RNA-Virus, das bei Honigbienen neurologische Symptome sowie Schwarzsucht hervorrufen kann, trat in den letzten Jahren in verschiedenen europäischen Ländern verstärkt auf. Die Erkrankung führt mitunter zu immensen Arbeiterinnenverlusten und deutlichen Leistungseinbußen v. a. bei starken Bienenvölkern. Ziel dieser Studie war es, retrospektiv die Verbreitung des CBPV in Bayern von 2018–2020 zu betrachten und Therapiemaßnahmen zu evaluieren.

Material und Methoden In Teil 1 der Studie wurden Analyseergebnisse des Tiergesundheitsdienstes Bayern e. V. von 302 Bienenvölkern hinsichtlich der Virusdiagnostik und klinischen Symptomatik mit Fokus auf CBPV untersucht. In Teil 2 wurden per Fragebogen erhobene Daten von 105 labordiagnostisch CBPV-positiven und klinisch auffälligen Völkern ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse In Teil 1 konnte in Bayern ein signifikanter (p = 0,004) Anstieg CBPV-positiver Proben von 2018 bis 2020 festgestellt werden. Zusätzlich stieg die Anzahl der Fälle mit klinischer Symptomatik in den letzten beiden Jahren an. Teil 2 der Studie zeigte eine Häufung der Berichte über das Erstauftreten der CBPV-Symptomatik im Frühjahr. Die meist mit kombinierten Symptomen belasteten Völker erholten sich in 57 % der Fälle von der Erkrankung. Dabei war maßgeblich, dass therapeutisch eingegriffen wurde. Eine Vielzahl verschiedener Maßnahmenkombinationen führte zum Überleben, kein Eingriff in den meisten Fällen zum Tod des Volks. Bei 62 % der erkrankten und isolierten Völker konnte die Isolation eine Weiterverbreitung am Bienenstand verhindern.

Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Den Resultaten zufolge traten klinisch apparente CBPV-Infektionen in den letzten Jahren auch in Bayern signifikant häufiger auf. Durch die Vielzahl angewendeter Maßnahmenkombinationen lässt sich basierend auf diesen Auswertungen keine evidenzbasierte Therapieempfehlung ableiten. Es zeigte sich aber, dass jeder therapeutische Eingriff besser ist, als abzuwarten. Für gezielte Therapieempfehlungen sind Versuche unter Standardbedingungen notwendig.
Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des Herdenschutzes für Pferde in Zusammenhang mit der wachsenden Wolfspopulation in Deutschland
Authors: Gehlen Heidrun , Große Viktoria , Doherr Marcus
Published: October 2021

Gegenstand und Ziel Seit 2000 siedelt sich der Wolf in Deutschland wieder an. Mit steigenden Wolfszahlen nehmen die durch Wölfe verursachten Nutztierschäden zu, wobei auch Pferde betroffen sind. Ziel der Studie war es, einen Überblick zu dieser Problematik sowie Lösungsansätze zu geben.

Material und Methoden Anhand einer Literaturrecherche wurden Daten zur Wolfspopulation in Deutschland, wolfsbedingten Schäden sowie Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des Herdenschutzes beim Pferd eruiert. Eine Online-Befragung von Pferdehaltern/-besitzern diente dazu, die tatsächliche und/oder gefühlte Bedrohung durch Wölfe und die daraus resultierenden Auswirkungen auf die Pferdehaltung zu ermitteln.

Ergebnisse Die Literaturrecherche zeigte ein kontinuierliches Anwachsen der Wolfspopulation in den letzten Jahren und insbesondere seit 2016 einen deutlichen Anstieg wolfsverursachter Nutztierschäden, wobei Pferde selten betroffen waren. Bei der Online-Befragung stammte die Hälfte der 574 ausgewerteten Fragebögen aus Brandenburg und Niedersachsen. Den größten Einfluss auf die Gefährdungsbeurteilung eigener Pferde durch die wachsende Wolfspopulation hatte das Wissen der Pferdehalter über Wolfsangriffe im eigenen Landkreis, wobei insbesondere die Aspekte einer Haltung von Jungpferden und Weidegang für die Pferde eine Rolle spielten. 64 % der Befragten gaben an, ihre Pferdehaltung trotz der zunehmenden Wolfspopulation nicht geändert zu haben. Nur 8 von 576 Pferdehaltern gaben amtlich bestätigte Wolfsübergriffe an und 30 hatten einen vermuteten Wolfsschaden amtlichen Stellen nicht gemeldet. Mehr als die Hälfte der Befragten, die Kontakt zu einem Wolfsberater hatten, bezeichneten die Zusammenarbeit als nicht bis wenig zielführend.

Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Die Zahl amtlich bestätigter Wolfsangriffe auf Pferde ist gering. Durch einen grundsätzlich durchgeführten Gentest bei entsprechendem Verdacht ließen sich diese Zahlen objektivieren. Trotz des Bewusstseins einer zunehmenden Gefährdung von Pferden durch Wölfe unternehmen Pferdehalter überwiegend keine prophylaktischen Schutzmaßnahmen. Die Kommunikation zwischen den für das Wolfsmonitoring zuständigen Behörden und den Pferdehaltern erscheint verbesserungswürdig.
Herdenstatus – Beurteilung von Schafherden
Authors: Strobel Heinz , Spengler Dieter , Voigt Katja , Hilke Johanna
Published: October 2021

Neben tierartbezogenen Indikatoren werden ressourcen- und managementbezogene Tierwohlindikatoren erfasst, um den Status einer Schafherde zu beurteilen. Aufgrund der Diversität von Schafrassen und Haltungsformen eignen sich Multiple-Choice-Checklisten dafür nur bedingt. Der Einfluss von Umwelt, Klima, Betreuungsintensität und anderer Faktoren wird im Zusammenhang mit den rechtlichen Voraussetzungen aus der Sicht der tierärztlichen Herdenbetreuung beschrieben. Daraus ergeben sich Hinweise auf Probleme, aber auch Möglichkeiten der Verbesserung auf der Ebene von Gesetzgebung, Pharmaindustrie und Verwaltung, da Tierwohl als gemeinsames Anliegen aller im Nutztierbereich involvierter Akteure zu verstehen ist.
Goldene Zeit – Als Physio bei Olympia
Authors: Kühn Christian
Published: October 2021

Genau wie Athlet*innen träumen auch ihre betreuenden Physios davon, eines Tages bei den Olympischen Spielen dabei sein zu können und das größte Sportevent der Welt zu erleben. Für Christian Kühn ist dieser Traum nun zum zweiten Mal wahr geworden.
Postoperative Benefit of Bone Anchored Hearing Systems: Behavioral Performance and Self-Reported Outcomes
Authors: Cuda Domenico , Murri Alessandra , Mochi Paolo , Mainardi Anna
Published: October 2021

Introduction Bone anchored hearing solutions are a well-known option for patients with a conductive, mixed conductive-sensorineural hearing loss and those with single-sided deafness.

Objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate the Ponto bone-anchored hearing system in terms of behavioral performance and self-reported outcomes, by comparing unaided and aided performance (softband and abutment), as well as aided performance with the sound processor on softband (preoperatively) versus abutment (postoperatively).

Methods Fourteen adult bone-anchored candidates, with either a bilateral (n = 12) or unilateral (n = 2) conductive or mixed hearing loss, participated in the present study. Sound-field hearing thresholds were evaluated unaided and aided (softband and abutment). A speech-in-noise test was also performed unaided and aided for two spatial configurations (S0N90; implanted side; S0N90; nonimplanted side). The Glasgow Health Status Inventory and the Speech, Spatial and Quality of sound questionnaires were administered pre- and postsurgery to compare quality of life and perceived unaided and aided performance. Skin reaction (Holgers scores) was evaluated at 15 days, 6 weeks, and 10 weeks after surgery.

Results Significant improvements postoperatively relative to unaided were obtained for sound-field thresholds at all tested frequencies. Additionally, sound-field thresholds were significantly improved with the sound processor on abutment relative to the softband at frequencies > 1 kHz. Improved performance postoperatively relative to unaided was also obtained in the speech-in-noise test and in self-reported outcomes.

Conclusions Improvements in behavioral performance and self-reported outcomes were obtained with the sound processor mounted on abutment.
Endoscopic-Assisted Canal Wall-up Tympanomastoidectomy for Reduction of Residual Cholesteatoma
Authors: Silva Mauricio Noschang Lopes , Selaimen Fábio André , Huve Felipe da Costa , Koga Fernanda Dias Toshiaki , Martins-Costa Luciana Lima , Bergamaschi João Augusto Polesi , Silva Alice Lang , da Costa Sady Selaimen
Published: October 2021

Introduction The treatment of cholesteatoma is generally surgical, and the major obstacle is the high prevalence of recidivism. The endoscopic ear surgery technique is proposed to minimize this problem.

Objectives To utilize endoscopes to visualize and manipulate cholesteatoma residues after microscopic removal

Methods Cross-sectional study. Thirty-two patients with cholesteatoma underwent microscopic wall-up mastoidectomy combined with the endoscopic approach. The subjects were assessed for the presence and location of covert disease.

Results Of the 32 cases, 17 (53.12%) had residual cholesteatoma in the endoscopic phase. Minimal disease was found, usually fragments of the cholesteatoma matrix. Pars tensa cholesteatomas had more covert disease than pars flaccida cholesteatomas (62.50% vs 43.75%). Posterior recesses (47.05%) and tegmen tympani (41.17%) were the locations with more covert disease (p < 0.05).

Conclusion Cholesteatomas of the pars tensa presented more residual disease and were significantly more common in the posterior recesses and tegmen tympani.
Carbamazepine-Induced Hematological and Immunological Alterations in Egyptian Children with Idiopathic Generalized Seizures
Authors: El-Shimi Ola Samir , Farag Amina Ali , El-Rebigi Amany Mohammed , Kharboush Taghrid Gamaleldin , Bayomy Hanaa El-Sayed , Khashaba Rana Atef
Published: October 2021

Carbamazepine (CBZ) is one of the oldest antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) that is still used for the treatment of tonic-clonic seizures in children. Long-term use of AEDs induces potential toxic effects that may remain undetermined for a long time. Earlier studies have revealed a wide spectrum of hematological toxicities associated with CBZ. This study was conducted to unveil the toxic effects of carbamazepine as an antiepileptic monotherapy on hematological and immunological parameters in a group of Egyptian pediatric patients using it for different durations. Fifty pediatric epileptics of either sex were enrolled; 38 were taking CBZ as antiepileptic monotherapy for ≥ 6 months and 12 were newly diagnosed untreated patients. Hematological and immunological parameters studied were compared with their age and sex-matched 15 controls and among groups. CBZ was found more toxic for total leukocyte count, lymphocyte count, serum IgA and IgM levels (p < 0.001, 0.001, < 0.001, < 0.001, respectively). Hemoglobin level, platelets count, serum C4 level and IgA were negatively correlated with serum CBZ level (Spearman's rho = – 0.62, – 0.42, – 0.34, – 0.13; p < 0.001, 0.008, 0.04, 0.44, respectively). CBZ treatment duration associated inversely with platelets, lymphocyte, and eosinophil counts (p < 0.001, 0.03, 0.01, respectively). Epileptic children on CBZ monotherapy had their hematologic and immunologic systems affected, which mandates routine monitoring of these children.
Revisiting King Appliance Space Regainer in Children: A Case Report with 1-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Deep Aman , Chawla Dipti
Published: October 2021

In recent times, for successful resolution of space discrepancies, a plethora of interceptive measures involving nonextraction approaches have been employed judiciously. Immaculate diagnosis and treatment planning help to prevent failure in diagnosing a case of space discrepancy and space regaining. This article describes a case in which space loss in the posterior quadrant of mandibular arch was successfully regained by employing King Appliance space regainer in an adolescent male, following which successful eruption of unerupted tooth took place. Additionally, after 1 year of follow-up, no marked reduction in arch dimension was seen.
Double Fascicular Transfer Using Partially Injured Donor Nerves: Is It Powerful Enough to Restore Elbow Flexion in Acute Brachial Plexus Injuries?
Authors: Chang Tommy Nai-Jen , Lu Johnny Chuieng-Yi , Lee Che-Hsiung , Lin Yu-Ching , Lin Yenpo , Zelenski Nicole A. , Lin Jennifer An-Jou , Zavala Abraham , Sung Cheyenne Wei-Hsuan , Chen Lisa Wen-Yu , Chuang David Chwei-Chin
Published: October 2021

Background Loss of elbow flexion is a common sequela of acute brachial plexus injuries (BPIs). The Mackinnon/Oberlin-II double fascicular transfer (DFT) is a widely used method to restore this function in acute C5–6 or C5–7 injuries. This study attempted to evaluate if this technique can be applied reliably for cases involving C8 and/or T1 injuries.

Methods Adult patients with acute BPIs who underwent the Mackinnon/Oberlin-II DFT in our center between 2008 and 2018 were retrospectively identified. Group I (n = 37) included patients with only C5–6 or C5–7 injury, while group II (n = 32) patients presented C5–8 ± T1 injuries. The demographic data, pre- and postoperative neurologic evaluations, electrodiagnostic studies, and grip strength assessment were collected.

Results A total of 69 patients met the inclusion criteria. Preoperatively, the patients in group II presented poorer nerve conduction and electromyography in both the median and the ulnar nerves and the supply muscles. The percentage of M3 achievement in both groups was 91.9 versus 87.5% and M4 was 73.0 and 71.9%, respectively, which both were not statically significant but the achievement of group II was slower than the group I, 1 to 2 months slower, respectively. Both groups had 57.57 and 46.0% of the postoperative grip power compared with the healthy side, the result of shoulder abduction was not different (p = 0.480).

Conclusion With careful preoperative evaluation, early intervention, appropriate intraoperative functional fascicle selection, and aggressive postoperative rehabilitation, indications for the Mackinnon/Oberlin-II DFT technique can safely include acute C5–8 injuries and even partial T1 acute BPIs.
Phosphonium ionic liquid-promoted Ce-doped nitrogen-rich TiO2 for degradation gaseous pollutant under visible light irradiation
Authors: He Xiaodong , Zhu Jiamei , Tan Liang , Wang Hongmin , Zhou Min
Published: October 2021

Altering physicochemical properties of TiO2 based on modifying the cation and anion structure of ionic liquids (ILs) is of great interests for environment. Up to date, the research involving IL-assisted synthesis of TiO2 was focused on imidazolium IL, and much less attention was devoted to IL with other structures. Hence, strategy for preparation of TiO2 in phosphonium IL is presented to control the growth of TiO2 nanocrystals. The as-prepared noble cerium-doped nitrogen-rich phosphonium IL-TiO2 photocatalyst with assisted by tributyl(propyl)phosphonium tetrafluoroborate exhibits a higher specific surface area and smaller crystallite size, which is conducive to the production of more and faster active substance, such as hydroxyl oxygen. When evaluated for photocatalysis of gaseous toluene under visible light irradiation, the sample manifests high degradation rate and efficiency, as well as excellent recycling performance due to the existence of superoxide radical produced by the Ce3+/Ce4+ redox reaction. The introduction of phosphonium IL and Ce greatly enhanced charge separation efficiency and promoted production of active substances. Nitrogen also existed in the form of interstitial nitrogen and substituted nitrogen improves its response to visible light. This work shows promising application of phosphonium IL for highly enhanced TiO2 photocatalytic performance.
Carbon dots derived from Beta vulgaris: evaluation of its potential as antioxidant and anticancer agent
Authors: Smrithi S P , Kottam Nagaraju , Muktha H , Mahule Apurva M , Chamarti Keertana , Vismaya V , Sharath R
Published: October 2021

Carbon dots (CDs) endowed with outstanding physico-chemical characteristics expeditiously garnered tremendous popularity in the scientific community. CDs can be synthesized from a variety of natural resources and can replace metal semiconductor quantum dots in the range of applications such as bio-imaging, sensing and catalysis. Herein, CDs are green synthesized from Beta vulgaris via a single step hydrothermal approach (b-CDs). The synthesized carbon dots are characterized using UV–visible spectrophotometry, Fluorescence spectroscopy, High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), x-ray diffraction technique (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The b-CDs hence developed exhibited the signature ‘excitation-dependent fluorescence emission’ with its most intense emission in the green region. The quantum yield for the b-CDs obtained by this synthetic approach evinced an appreciable value of 11.6%. The antioxidant property of b-CDs are evaluated using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay to obtain a maximum scavenging activity of 94.5% at a concentration of 1000 μg ml−1 and its underlying mechanisms are illustrated. The blood compatibility of b-CDs are assessed using haemolysis assay and the cytotoxicity evaluated using MTT assay shows significant cell growth-inhibition against the human breast cancer (MCF-7) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines. This succinct study demonstrates the inherent therapeutic potential of biocompatible carbon dots.
Understanding electron transport in halogenated graphene nanoribbons and possible application as interconnects
Authors: Agrawal Sonal , Srivastava Anurag , Kaushal Gaurav
Published: October 2021

To analyse the suitability of zigzag graphene nanoribbons (ZGNRs) as interconnects, the influence of halogen (F, Cl, Br, and I) passivation on ZGNRs has been analysed in terms of structural stability, electron transport, and thermal conductivity, as well as the performance parameters of the interconnects. The computation is performed using first-principle density functional theory with a non-equilibrium Green’s function approach, while the performance parameters of the interconnects such as delay and power delay product are computed using a HSPICE simulator tool. The formation energy analysis confirms the stability trend for halogen-passivated ZGNRs as F > Cl > Br > I. With moderate stability, the I- and Br-passivated ZGNRs have relatively better current–voltage characteristics in comparison to F and Cl. However, the Cl-passivated ZGNRs have relatively better interconnect parameters in comparison to other proposed halogenated systems (one edge and both edges), measured in terms of kinetic inductance and quantum capacitance. Another requirement of any good interconnect is less delay and less average power, which have also been computed and found to be relatively better in the case of Cl-passivated ZGNRs. Thus, among the halogen-passivated GNRs tested, those that are Cl-passivated defend their selection for interconnect applications well.
Low-frequency noise characterization of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with and without a p-GaN gate layer
Authors: Yang Shih-Sheng , Hsin Yue-Ming
Published: October 2021

In this paper, low-frequency noise characteristics of commercial AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors with different substrates and devices with and without a p-GaN gate layer are measured and discussed. The noise power spectral density (PSD) of various devices are compared and analyzed under linear-region operation. The 1/f noise behavior exhibits carrier number fluctuation as the dominant cause. Devices with p-GaN gate layer fabricated on Si substrate show the highest normalized noise PSD. Results show that not only flicker noise (1/f noise) exists but that it also accompanied by generation–recombination noise (g–r noise) in the device on SiC substrate. The extracted g–r noise related traps show an activation energy of ∼0.37 eV, which is mostly caused by spatial charges trapping/detrapping with the deep acceptor in the GaN buffer layer.
A flexible ultra-broadband metamaterial absorber working on whole K-bands with polarization-insensitive and wide-angle stability
Authors: Wang Tao , He He-He , Ding Meng-Di , Mao Jian-Bo , Sun Ren , Sheng Lei
Published: October 2021

For potential military applications, a flexible metamaterial absorber (MMA) working on whole K-bands with total-thickness of 3.367 mm, ultra-broadband, polarization-insensitive, and wide-angle stability is presented based on frequency-selective surface (FSS). The absorber is composed of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) layer, polyimide (PI) layer, and poly tetra fluoro ethylene (PTFE) layer, with a sandwich structure of PVC–PI–PTFE–metal plate. Periodic conductive patterns play a crucial role in the absorber, and in traditional, it is designed on the upper surface of PI layer to form LC resonance. Different from commonly absorber, all the patterns are located on the lower surface of the PI layer in this work, and hence the impedance matching and absorptivity are improved in this purposed absorber. The flexible absorber with patterns on lower surface of the PI layer is compared with that on upper surface of the PI layer, the difference and the reasons are explained by absorption mechanism based on equivalent circuit model, and surface current density and electric field distribution are used to analyze resonance peaks. Absorptivity is greater than 90% in a frequency range of 10.47 GHz–45.44 GHz with relative bandwidth of 125.1%, covering the whole Ku, K, Ka, and some of X, U bands, especially containing the whole K bands from 12 GHz to 40 GHz. Radar cross section (RCS) is reduced at least 10 dB in 11.48 GHz–43.87 GHz frequency ranges, and absorption remained about 90% when the incident angle changed from 0 ° to 55°. The purposed absorber is fabricated, measured, and experiment results show good agreement with theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. After bonded on outer surface of different cylinders with diameters of 200 mm and 100 mm, the absorption of MMA is approximately reduced 10% and 20% respectively, which shows good conformal character with surface of various curvatures. Due to the attractive performance on strong absorption in the whole K-bands, flexible and easy conformal, our design exhibits broad potential application in radar stealth and sensors.