bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mass spectrometry and split luciferase complementation assays reveal the MecA protein interactome of
Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Qin Hua , Anderson David , Zou Zhengzhong , Higashi Dustin , Borland Christina , Kreth Jens , Merritt Justin
Published: January 2024

MecA is a highly conserved adaptor protein encoded by prokaryotes from the
Bacillota
phylum. MecA mutants exhibit similar pleiotropic defects in a variety of organisms, although most of these phenotypes currently lack a mechanistic basis. MecA mediates ClpCP-dependent proteolysis of its substrates, but only several such substrates have been reported in the literature and there are suggestions that proteolysis-independent regulatory mechanisms may also exist. Here, we provide the first comprehensive characterization of the MecA interactome and further assess its regulatory role in Clp-dependent proteolysis. Untargeted coimmunoprecipitation assays coupled with mass spectrometry revealed that the MecA ortholog from the oral pathobiont
Streptococcus mutans
likely serves as a major protein interaction network hub by potentially complexing with >100 distinct protein substrates, most of which function in highly conserved metabolic pathways. The interactome results were independently verified using a newly developed prokaryotic split luciferase complementation assay (SLCA) to detect MecA protein-protein interactions
in vivo
. In addition, we further develop a new application of SLCA to support
in vivo
measurements of MecA relative protein binding affinities. SLCA results were independently verified using targeted coimmunoprecipitation assays, suggesting the general utility of this approach for prokaryotic protein-protein interaction studies. Our results indicate that MecA indeed regulates its interactome through both Clp-dependent proteolysis as well as through an as-yet undefined proteolysis-independent mechanism that may affect more than half of its protein interactome. This suggests a significant aspect of the MecA regulatory function still has yet to be discovered.

IMPORTANCE

Despite multiple decades of study, the regulatory mechanism and function of MecA have remained largely a mystery. The current study provides the first detailed roadmap to investigate these functions in other medically significant bacteria. Furthermore, this study developed new genetic approaches to assay prokaryotic protein-protein interactions
via
the split luciferase complementation assay (SLCA). SLCA technology is commonly employed in eukaryotic genetic research but has not yet been established for studies of bacterial protein-protein interactions. The SLCA protein binding affinity assay described here is a new technological advance exclusive to the current study and has not been reported elsewhere.
Supplemental Material: Resolving pressure differences within the Grand Canyon Precambrian basement: Implications for Proterozoic tectonics
Authors: Autrey-Mulligan Suzanne , al. et
Published: January 2024

Sample descriptions, methods, Table S1 (previous P-T), Table S2 (sample information). Table S3 (bulk compositions), Table S4 (garnet compositions), Table S5(Raman data), Table S6 (GC21-17 data), Table S7 (Isomekes), Table S8 (standard data), Table S9 (melt model), Table S10 (uncertainty), Figure S1 (GC21-1), Figure S2 (GC21-3), Figure S3 (GC21-4), Figure S4 (GC21-9), Figure S5 (GC21-17), Figure S6 (melt textures), Figure S7 (garnet images), Figure S8 (EMPA map), Figure S9 (KDE), Figure S10 (KDE GC21-17), Figure S11 (pseudosections), and Figure S12 (melt models).  
Therapeutic advances in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Brown Philip , Pratt Arthur G , Hyrich Kimme L
Published: January 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common immune mediated inflammatory diseases. People with rheumatoid arthritis present with pain, swelling, and stiffness that typically affects symmetrically distributed small and large joints. Without effective treatment, significant joint damage, disability, and work loss develop, owing to chronic inflammation of the joint lining (synovium). Over the past 25 years, the management of this condition has been revolutionized, resulting in substantially higher levels of disease remission and better long term outcomes. This improvement reflects a paradigm shift towards early and aggressive pharmacological intervention coupled with a proliferation in treatment choice, in turn related to enhanced pathobiological understanding and the advent of new drugs for rheumatoid arthritis. Following an overview of these developments from a historical perspective, and with a general audience in mind, this review focuses on newer, targeted treatments in an ever evolving landscape. The review highlights ongoing areas of debate and unmet need, including the proportion of patients with persistent, difficult-to-treat disease, despite recent advances. Also discussed are personalized, strategic approaches to individual patients, the role for imaging in clinical decision making, and the goal of sustained, drug free remission and disease prevention in the future.
Association between brain imaging biomarkers and continuous glucose monitoring-derived glycemic control indices in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Inoue Chikako , Kusunoki Yoshiki , Ohigashi Mana , Osugi Keiko , Kitajima Kazuhiro , Takagi Ayako , Inoue Maki , Yagi Chisako , Tsunoda Taku , Kakutani Miki , Kadoya Manabu , Konishi Kosuke , Katsuno Tomoyuki , Koyama Hidenori
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Although type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with alterations in brain structure, the relationship between glycemic control indices and brain imaging markers remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-derived glycemic control indices and brain imaging biomarkers assessed by MRI.

Research design and methods

This cross-sectional study included 150 patients with T2DM. The severity of cerebral white matter lesions (WMLs) was assessed using MRI for deep and subcortical white matter and periventricular hyperintensities. The degree of medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) was assessed using voxel-based morphometry. Each participant wore a retrospective CGM for 14 consecutive days, and glycemic control indices, such as time in range (TIR) and glycemia risk index (GRI), were calculated.

Results

The proportion of patients with severe WMLs showed a decreasing trend with increasing TIR (Pfor trend=0.006). The proportion of patients with severe WMLs showed an increasing trend with worsening GRI (Pfor trend=0.011). In contrast, no significant association was observed between the degree of MTA and CGM-derived glycemic control indices, including TIR (Pfor trend=0.325) and GRI (Pfor trend=0.447).

Conclusions

The findings of this study indicate that the severity of WMLs is associated with TIR and GRI, which are indices of the quality of glycemic control.

Trial registration number

UMIN000032143.
Role of vitamin D supplementation in modifying outcomes after surgery: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Patel Akshay , Caruana Edward J , Hodson James , Morrison Rory , Khor Bo , Gysling Savannah , Trevis Jason , Mangel Tobin , Benson Ruth , Zakeri Roxanna , Manders Jennifer , Vaja Ricky , Rogers Luke , Baker Paul , Pournaras Dimitri J , Thickett David , Hewison Martin , Naidu Babu , Lim Eric
Published: January 2024

Background

There is increasing evidence to suggest vitamin D plays a role in immune and vascular function; hence, it may be of biological and clinical relevance for patients undergoing major surgery. With a greater number of randomised studies being conducted evaluating the impact of vitamin D supplementation on surgical patients, it is an opportune time to conduct further analysis of the impact of vitamin D on surgical outcomes.

Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Trials Register were interrogated up to December 2023 to identify randomised controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation in surgery. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. A narrative synthesis was conducted for all studies. The primary outcome assessed was overall postoperative survival.

Results

We screened 4883 unique studies, assessed 236 full-text articles and included 14 articles in the qualitative synthesis, comprising 1982 patients. The included studies were highly heterogeneous with respect to patient conditions, ranging from open heart surgery to cancer operations to orthopaedic conditions, and also with respect to the timing and equivalent daily dose of vitamin D supplementation (range: 0.5–7500 mcg; 20–300 000 IU). No studies reported significant differences in overall survival or postoperative mortality with vitamin D supplementation. There was also no clear evidence of benefit with respect to overall or intensive care unit length of stay.

Discussion

Numerous studies have reported the benefits of vitamin D supplementation in different surgical settings without any consistency. However, this systematic review found no clear evidence of benefit, which warrants the supposition that a single biological effect of vitamin D supplementation does not exist. The observed improvement in outcomes in low vitamin D groups has not been convincingly proven beyond chance findings.

Trial registration number

CRD42021232067.
Advancing language concordant care: a multimodal medical interpretation intervention
Authors: Sharfuddin Nazia , Mathura Pamela , Mac Amanda , Ling Emily , Tan Merve , Khatib Emad , Suranyi Yvonne , Kassam Narmin
Published: January 2024

Background

Ensuring language concordant care through medical interpretation services (MIS) allows for accurate information sharing and positive healthcare experiences. The COVID-19 pandemic led to a regional halt of in-person interpreters, leaving only digital MIS options, such as phone and video. Due to longstanding institutional practices, and lack of accessibility and awareness of these options, digital MIS remained underused. A Multimodal Medical Interpretation Intervention (MMII) was developed and piloted to increase digital MIS usage by 25% over an 18-month intervention period for patients with limited English proficiency.

Methods

Applying quality improvement methodology, an intervention comprised digital MIS technology and education was trialled for 18 months. To assess intervention impact, the number of digital MIS minutes was measured monthly and compared before and after implementation. A questionnaire was developed and administered to determine healthcare providers’ awareness, technology accessibility and perception of MIS integration in the clinical workflow.

Results

Digital MIS was used consistently from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020) and over the subsequent 18 months. The total number of minutes of MIS use per month increased by 44% following implementation of our intervention. Healthcare providers indicated that digital MIS was vital in facilitating transparent communication with patients, and the MMII ensured awareness of and accessibility to the various MIS modalities.

Conclusion

Implementation of the MMII allowed for an increase in digital MIS use in a hospital setting. Providing digital MIS access, education and training is a means to advance patient-centred and equitable care by improving accuracy of clinical assessments and communication.
Risk of sound-induced hearing loss from exposure to video gaming or esports: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Dillard Lauren K , Mulas Peter , Der Carolina , Fu Xinxing , Chadha Shelly
Published: January 2024

Background

There is little information on whether video gaming might be a modifiable risk factor for hearing loss and/or tinnitus, despite the plausibility of these relationships given that video games are often played at high-intensity sound levels and for long periods of time.

Objective

To synthesise current evidence related to relationships between gaming and the potential risk of hearing loss and/or tinnitus.

Design

Systematic scoping review

Data sources

We searched three databases (PubMed, Scopus, Ovid MEDLINE) in January 2023 for peer-reviewed articles, and searched grey literature sources, from inception to 2023.

Eligibility criteria

Observational, mixed-methods, trials, or case studies published in (or that could be translated into) English, Spanish or Chinese were eligible for inclusion. Studies were included if they evaluated relationships of gaming with hearing loss and/or tinnitus.

Data extraction and synthesis

Two reviewers extracted and verified study data, which are synthesised in tables and in the text.

Results

Fourteen peer-reviewed studies were included, 11 of which were cohort studies and 3 of which were non-cohort observational studies. Across studies, the prevalence of gaming ranged from 20% to 78%. In general, the average measured sound levels of video games nearly exceeded, or exceeded, permissible sound exposure limits, and on average, individuals played video games for approximately 3 hours per week. Among the five peer-reviewed studies that evaluated associations or correlations of gaming with hearing loss or tinnitus, four reported significant associations or correlations with gaming and hearing loss or tinnitus.

Conclusions

The limited available evidence suggests that gaming may be a common source of unsafe listening, which could place many individuals worldwide at risk of permanent hearing loss and/or tinnitus. Additional research on these relationships is needed along with steps to promote safe listening among gamers.
Maternal anaemia during early pregnancy and the risk of neonatal outcomes: a prospective cohort study in Central China
Authors: Chen Yige , Zhong Taowei , Song Xinli , Zhang Senmao , Sun Mengting , Liu Xiaoying , Wei Jianhui , Shu Jing , Liu Yiping , Qin Jiabi
Published: January 2024

Background

The purpose of this study was to explore the association between anaemia during early pregnancy and the risk of neonatal outcomes.

Methods

We collected clinical data from pregnant women (≥18 years) who received their first antenatal care between 8 and 14 weeks of gestation in Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital. Multiple logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline regression models were used to analyse the association between anaemia during early pregnancy and the risk of neonatal outcomes. In addition, sensitivity analysis was further performed to assess the robustness of the results.

Results

The prospective cohort study ultimately included 34 087 singleton pregnancies. In this study, the rate of anaemia during early pregnancy was 16.3%. Our data showed that there was a positive relationship between the rate of preterm birth, low birth weight as well as small for gestational age (SGA) and the severity of maternal anaemia (Ptrend<0.05). After adjustment, the association of early pregnancy anaemia and haemoglobin (Hb) levels with the risk of preterm birth (mild anaemia adjusted OR (aOR) 1.37 (95% CI 1.25 to 1.52), moderate anaemia aOR 1.54 (95% CI 1.35 to 1.76) and severe anaemia aOR 4.03 (95% CI 2.67 to 6.08), respectively), low birth weight (mild anaemia aOR 1.61 (95% CI 1.44 to 1.79), moderate anaemia aOR 2.01 (95% CI 1.75 to 2.30) and severe anaemia aOR 6.11 (95% CI 3.99 to 9.36), respectively) and SGA (mild anaemia aOR 1.37 (95% CI 1.25 to 1.52), moderate anaemia aOR 1.54 (95% CI 1.35 to 1.76) and severe anaemia aOR 2.61 (95% CI 1.74 to 4.50), respectively; Pnon-linear<0.05) was observed. However, no association was found between early pregnancy anaemia or Hb levels and the risk of congenital malformations. Sensitivity analysis verified the stability of the results.

Conclusions

Maternal anaemia during early pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of preterm birth, low birth weight and SGA and their rates may increase with the severity of maternal anaemia.

Trial registration number

ChiCTR1800016635.
Maintaining remission in Crohn’s disease post surgery: what can we learn from Cochrane?
Authors: Gordon Morris
Published: January 2024

Surgery is a vital pillar in the management of Crohn’s disease and medical options for prevention of recurrence after surgery are a key consideration. The main classes of effective induction therapies have very different efficacy data for maintenance and this is more pronounced in the postsurgical setting.

In this review article, the up-to-date Cochrane reviews on the topic are presented, including a network meta-analysis. The Cochrane evidence shows a high relapse rate in the first 5 years after surgery with placebo or no treatment. The reviews demonstrate that 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) agents are probably more effective than placebo on pairwise and network meta-analysis, with moderate certainty evidence of a number needed to treat (NNT) of 13. The Cochrane evidence demonstrates that adalimumab may be more effective than placebo on pairwise and network meta-analysis, with low certainty evidence of an NNT of 2. Thiopurine analogues may be effective on pairwise analysis, but may not be effective on network meta-analysis. There was no evidence to support the use of any other agent but these findings are of low and very low certainty.

It is proposed that clinicians should consider adalimumab, 5-ASA and thiopurine analogue agents based on the findings of the Cochrane synthesis. The use of the evidence, including the Grading of Recomendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) certainty and magnitude of effect data, can support discussions with patients. Future research is needed to consider other therapies that are effective in medically induced maintenance given the low certainty of evidence limiting conclusions, either supporting or refuting their use.
Recreational cannabis legalization and pediatric exposures in Massachusetts, United States
Authors: Argandykov Dias , Raybould Toby A , Gervasini Alice , Hwabejire John , Flaherty Michael R
Published: January 2024

Introduction

In Massachusetts, US, medical cannabis legalisation was associated with increased paediatric cannabis exposure cases, including emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations. The impact of recreational cannabis legalisation (RCL) on paediatric exposures in Massachusetts has yet to be studied.

Methods

To compare the incidences before and after RCL in Massachusetts, US, we queried the data on paediatric cannabis exposure cases in 2016–2021 from the Centre for Healthcare and Analysis and Injury Surveillance Programme at the Massachusetts Department of Public Health. The pre-and post-legalisation phases comprised the periods between 2016–2018 and 2019–2021, respectively. Cannabis-related exposure cases included ED visits and hospitalizations among children and young adolescents of 0–19 years old.

Results

During the 6-year period (2016–2021), 2357 ED visits and 538 hospitalizations related to cannabis exposure among children and teenagers (0–19 years) were reported in Massachusetts. The incidence of ED visits for all age groups increased from 18.5 per 100 000 population before RCL to 31.0 per 100 000 population (incidence rate ratio (IRR), 1.6; 95% CI, 1.5 to 1.8). Children in the age groups of 0–5 and 6–12 years experienced the highest increase in cannabis-related ED visits. Additionally, the incidence of hospitalisation due to cannabis intoxication substantially increased following RCL (IRR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.8 to 2.7), a 126% increase.

Conclusions

Cannabis-related ED visits and hospitalizations among children and teenagers increased after recreational cannabis became legal in Massachusetts, US. Further efforts are warranted to prevent the unintentional impact of RCL, especially considering substantial increases in cannabis exposure cases among young children.
Corticosteroid-resistant immune-related adverse events: a systematic review
Authors: Daetwyler Eveline , Wallrabenstein Till , König David , Cappelli Laura C , Naidoo Jarushka , Zippelius Alfred , Läubli Heinz
Published: January 2024

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment has become an important therapeutic option for various cancer types. Although the treatment is effective, ICI can overstimulate the patient’s immune system, leading to potentially severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including hepatitis, colitis, pneumonitis and myocarditis. The initial mainstay of treatments includes the administration of corticosteroids. There is little evidence how to treat steroid-resistant (sr) irAEs. It is mainly based on small case series or single case reports. This systematic review summarizes available evidence about sr-irAEs. We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed. Additionally, we included European Society for Medical Oncology, Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer, National Comprehensive Cancer Network and American Society of Clinical Oncology Guidelines for irAEs in our assessment. The study population of all selected publications had to include patients with cancer who developed hepatitis, colitis, pneumonitis or myocarditis during or after an immunotherapy treatment and for whom corticosteroid therapy was not sufficient. Our literature search was not restricted to any specific cancer diagnosis. Case reports were also included. There is limited data regarding life-threatening sr-irAEs of colon/liver/lung/heart and the majority of publications are single case reports. Most publications investigated sr colitis (n=26), followed by hepatitis (n=21), pneumonitis (n=17) and myocarditis (n=15). There is most data for mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) to treat sr hepatitis and for infliximab, followed by vedolizumab, to treat sr colitis. Regarding sr pneumonitis there is most data for MMF and intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) while data regarding infliximab are conflicting. In sr myocarditis, most evidence is available for the use of abatacept or anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) (both with or without MMF) or ruxolitinib with abatacept. This review highlights the need for prompt recognition and treatment of sr hepatitis, colitis, pneumonitis and myocarditis. Guideline recommendations for sr situations are not defined precisely. Based on our search, we recommend—as first line treatment—(1) MMF for sr hepatitis, (2) infliximab for sr colitis, followed by vedolizumab, (3) MMF and IVIG for sr pneumonitis and (4) abatacept or ATG (both with or without MMF) or ruxolitinib with abatacept for sr myocarditis. These additional immunosuppressive agents should be initiated promptly if there is no sufficient response to corticosteroids within 3 days.
Analysis of the $$Z_b(10650)$$ state based on electromagnetic properties
Authors: Özdem Ulaş
Published: January 2024

In this study, the magnetic and quadrupole moments of the $$Z_b(10650)$$

Z
b

(
10650
)

state are determined using the compact diquark–antidiquark interpolating current through the QCD light-cone sum rule. The values that are obtained as a result of the analysis are as follows: $$\mu _{Z_b} = 2.35^{+0.34}_{-0.33}~\mu _N$$

μ

Z
b

=
2
.

35

-
0.33

+
0.34

μ
N

and $$\mathcal {D}_{Z_b} =(1.82^{+0.35}_{-0.31})\times 10^{-2}~\text{ fm}^2$$

D

Z
b

=

(
1
.

82

-
0.31

+
0.35

)

×

10

-
2

fm
2

. Examining the results obtained, it can be seen that the magnetic moments are large enough to be measured experimentally, while the quadrupole moment is obtained as a small but non-zero value, corresponding to a prolate charge distribution. The magnetic moment is the leading-order response of a bound system to a weak external magnetic field. It therefore provides an excellent platform to probe the internal structures of hadrons governed by the quark-gluon dynamics of QCD.
Reinforcement learning assisted recursive QAOA
Authors: Patel Yash J. , Jerbi Sofiene , Bäck Thomas , Dunjko Vedran
Published: January 2024

In recent years, variational quantum algorithms such as the Quantum Approximation Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) have gained popularity as they provide the hope of using NISQ devices to tackle hard combinatorial optimization problems. It is, however, known that at low depth, certain locality constraints of QAOA limit its performance. To go beyond these limitations, a non-local variant of QAOA, namely recursive QAOA (RQAOA), was proposed to improve the quality of approximate solutions. The RQAOA has been studied comparatively less than QAOA, and it is less understood, for instance, for what family of instances it may fail to provide high-quality solutions. However, as we are tackling -hard problems (specifically, the Ising spin model), it is expected that RQAOA does fail, raising the question of designing even better quantum algorithms for combinatorial optimization. In this spirit, we identify and analyze cases where (depth-1) RQAOA fails and, based on this, propose a reinforcement learning enhanced RQAOA variant (RL-RQAOA) that improves upon RQAOA. We show that the performance of RL-RQAOA improves over RQAOA: RL-RQAOA is strictly better on these identified instances where RQAOA underperforms and is similarly performing on instances where RQAOA is near-optimal. Our work exemplifies the potentially beneficial synergy between reinforcement learning and quantum (inspired) optimization in the design of new, even better heuristics for complex problems.
Modeling defect formation in nano-ZrO2 under He and H+ irradiation
Authors: Imanova Gunel
Published: January 2024

In the given work, compliance with the distribution law of defect vacancies formed in ZrO2 crystal irradiated with 2[Formula: see text]MeV energy H[Formula: see text] ions at room temperature was studied (The fluxes density for the H[Formula: see text] ion was chosen to be 1017 ions/cm2). The effect of H[Formula: see text] ions with fluxes density at different temperatures (500∘C, 600∘C, 700∘C, 800∘C and 900∘C) on W and S parameters was determined. The mechanism of formation of nanoclusters in the ZrO2 crystal structure under the influence of H[Formula: see text] radiation, the vacancy cluster formed by 2Zr vacancies and 4O vacancies, and its location in triple spaces with hydrogen atoms were determined. 2Zr and 4 vacancies were determined by the [Formula: see text] values of the vacancy clusters growing under the influence of radiation and the positions of hydrogen atoms in the 1VZr, 1VO, di-VZrO triple-VZrO2 vacancy groups.
Pareto Optimization of Analog Circuits Using Reinforcement Learning
Authors: NS Karthik Somayaji , Li Peng
Published: January 2024

Analog circuit optimization and design presents a unique set of challenges in the IC design process. Many applications require the designer to optimize for multiple competing objectives, which poses a crucial challenge. Motivated by these practical aspects, we propose a novel method to tackle multi-objective optimization for analog circuit design in continuous action spaces. In particular, we propose to (i) extrapolate current techniques in Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning to continuous state and action spaces and (ii) provide for a dynamically tunable trained model to query user defined preferences in multi-objective optimization in the analog circuit design context.
Heme-based oxygen gasoreceptors
Authors: Anbalagan Savani
Published: January 2024

To investigate gasocrine signaling, there is a critical need to identify gasoreceptors for the essential gasotransmitters like O2. Based on existing scientific literature, I propose that heme-based O2 sensors, featuring diverse signaling domains across genera, should be explicitly designated as O2 gasoreceptors. Acknowledging that O2 gasoreceptors are likely to belong to multiple protein classes with diverse signaling domains and pathways will facilitate a comprehensive search for O2 gasoreceptors in all organisms and across every cell type. This approach will broaden the investigation beyond specialized tissues or cells, encompassing a systemic exploration.
Altered functional connectivity in the hippocampal and striatal systems after motor sequence learning consolidation in medial temporal lobe epilepsy individuals
Authors: Zhang Xiaotong , Feng Yanyun , Chen Zhuoming , Long Jinyi
Published: January 2024

Motor sequence learning (MSL) relies on both the hippocampal and striatal systems, but whether functional performance is altered after MSL consolidation when the hippocampus is impaired remains unknown. Our results indicated that whereas the main effect of consolidation was observed in the hippocampus-related functional connection in the healthy control (HC) group, it was only evident in the striatum-related functional loop in the left medial temporal lobe epilepsy (LmTLE) group.
Motor patterns of patients with spinal muscular atrophy suggestive of sensory and corticospinal contributions to the development of locomotor muscle synergies
Authors: Cheung Vincent C. K. , Ha Sophia C. W. , Zhang-Lea Janet H. , Chan Zoe Y. S. , Teng Yanling , Yeung Geshi , Wu Lingqian , Liang Desheng , Cheung Roy T. H.
Published: January 2024

This is likely the first report of locomotor muscle synergies of children with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a subject group with atypical developmental sensorimotor experience. We found that the earlier the SMA onset age, the more the subjects’ synergies deviated from those of age-matched controls. This result suggests contributions of the sensory/corticospinal activities to the typical expression of locomotor modules, and how their disruptions during a critical period of development may lead to abnormal motor modules.
Evaluation of Gamma‐Ray Dose Distribution in the Toroidal Direction of LHD Vacuum Vessel from Radionuclides Generated in Deuterium Plasma Experiments
Authors: Ogino Yasuyuki , Kobayashi Makoto I. , Mukai Keisuke , Yagi Juro , Konishi Satoshi , Ogawa Kunihiro , Isobe Mitsutaka
Published: January 2024

The evaluation of activities from radionuclides inside a vacuum vessel is required for the safe maintenance and estimation of the activation level of fusion devices. The Large Helical Device (LHD), Toki, Japan, has been performing deuterium plasma experiments since 2017, and radionuclides have accumulated in components such as vacuum vessels. In this work, the gamma‐ray spectrum and activity of each detected radionuclide in an LHD vacuum vessel were evaluated using portable high‐purity germanium (P‐HPGe) and numerical calculations of photon transport for comparison with the removed armor tiles to evaluate the occupational exposure in the maintenance of LHD experiments. Measurements using the P‐HPGe detector were performed at 20 positions along the toroidal direction of the LHD, at each O port, and between each pair of adjacent O ports. Using the estimated efficiency of the photoelectronic effects inside the P‐HPGe detector calculated by Monte Carlo N‐particle code version 6.1, the activities of the radionuclides in the armor tiles attached to the vacuum vessel were evaluated. The estimated activity concentrations were compared with the measured activities of the armor tiles removed from the vacuum vessel. Gamma rays from 58Co, 54Mn, and 60Co were detected, and the measured activities of 58Co and 54Mn generated by fast neutrons in the armor tile were almost consistent with those obtained from the removed armor tiles. The radioactivity of 60Co in the armor tile was underestimated compared with the activity obtained from the removed armor tiles. The measurement of activation by fast neutrons is feasible, whereas activation by thermal neutrons requires more accurate calculations and surveys to be measured using this method.
Azolla Plant Production and Their Potential Applications
Authors: Korsa Gamachis , Alemu Digafe , Ayele Abate
Published: January 2024

Globally, the human population is growing at an alarming rate, reducing land coverage over time. In the modern world, lifestyle changes, the nature of work, and food habits increase the incidence of serious diseases in animals, and human activity influences the environment, such as the use of chemical fertilizers for agriculture, large terrestrial ecosystems all over the biosphere, such as deforestation of plants, which could not sink from atmospheric CO2, and the production of fuels for energy, which would increase the need for fossil fuels but would also deliver low energy fuels at a high energy cost. To overcome the above problems, Azolla plants perform well since they can be grown at low labor costs, on small plots of land, and for a variety of purposes including animal feed/livestock, poultry and fish production, environmental remediation, biofertilizer and biocontrol for mosquito repellents, carbon sequestration of CO2, and bioenergy effectiveness all year. As a result of their low impact on the environment and human health, Azolla plants are becoming increasingly important. The purpose of this review is to provide evidence of Azolla plant production and its potential role in various applications for a greener, more sustainable approach. This review was progressive in that it assessed and produced peer-reviewed papers related to Azolla plant production and its potential role in different applications for a sustainable greener approach. Based on the findings of reputable educational journals, articles were divided into three categories: methods used to produce the nutritional composition of Azolla, environmental factors that affect the efficiency of Azolla plants, and strain improvement of Azolla for enhanced multipurposes and techniques that are currently being used to meet Azolla plants production and its prospective applications for different sustainable greener approaches. The present findings indicate that Azolla is a rich source of protein, which has a clear benefit in offsetting a portion of the nutritional needs of animal/livestock, poultry, and fish production with what is effectively a low-cost dietary supplement, biocontrol of mosquito repellent, environmental bioremediation, biofertilizer, carbon sequester of CO2, and bioenergy for the potential need of Azolla plant applications. Azolla plants have long been recognized for their benefits in greener and more sustainable lifestyles, as well as quality enhancement and bio-based economy over traditional approaches. Because it relied on natural resources and utility green production, this review’s recovery was chosen as an appropriate and environmentally sound solution for a long and healthy lifestyle.
Effect of Dill (Anethum graveolens) Oil on Pruritus and Quality of Life of Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Double-Blind Three-Arm Controlled Trial
Authors: Shaki Zeinab , Ghaffari Farzaneh , Alijaniha Fatemeh , Kamalinejad Mohammad , Kazemnejad Anoshiravan , Daneshfard Babak , Naseri Mohsen , Heidari Mohammad Reza
Published: January 2024

Introduction. Anethum graveolens (AG), commonly known as dill, is a plant from the Apiaceae family that has been traditionally used as a skin softener and purifying agent in Persian medicine. In a previous study conducted on male rats, dill was found to have anti-inflammatory effects. The current study aimed to examine the efficacy of topical application of Anethum graveolens oil on pruritus severity, skin dryness, sleep quality, and quality of life in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods. In the current clinical trial, the participants were randomly assigned to one of these groups: topical AG preparation, sesame oil, or a control group receiving no treatment. The study was double-blind and placebo-controlled. The topical treatment was applied twice a day for one month to areas of the skin affected by pruritus. The outcome measures included the severity of skin dryness, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Duo’s Uremic Pruritus Severity Scale, and the Itchy QoL questionnaire. Results. This study involved 106 hemodialysis patients, and after intervention for one month, the medication group had a significantly lower mean score of sleep quality (3.24 ± 2.41) than the placebo (4.54 ± 3.11) and control (5.05 ± 3.21) groups (P=0.032). The mean change in pruritus severity was significantly greater in the medication group (−17.28 ± 8.938) than the placebo (−5.91 ± 5.398) and control (−3.43 ± 3.228) groups (P<0.001). Moreover, a significant difference was observed in the mean changes in quality of life between the medication, placebo, and control groups, with values of −14.88 ± 7.89, −5.34 ± 4.50, and −1.92 ± 2.86, respectively (P<0.001). Furthermore, both the medication and placebo groups showed improvement in skin dryness compared to the control group having the values of −1.65 ± 0.91, −1.11 ± 0.79, and −0.38 ± 0.54, respectively (P<0.001). Conclusion. Topical Anethum graveolens preparation significantly improved the sleep quality and quality of life and reduced skin pruritus and dryness in hemodialysis patients. It could be considered as a simple therapeutic modality to control pruritus in hemodialysis patients. This trial is registered with IRCT2017022032671N1.
Physiological Characteristic Changes and Transcriptome Analysis of Maize (Zea mays L.) Roots under Drought Stress
Authors: Zou Chenglin , Tan Hua , Huang Kaijian , Zhai Ruining , Yang Meng , Huang Aihua , Wei Xinxing , Mo Runxiu , Xiong Faqian
Published: January 2024

Water deficit is a key limiting factor for limiting yield in maize (Zea mays L.). It is crucial to elucidate the molecular regulatory networks of stress tolerance for genetic enhancement of drought tolerance. The mechanism of drought tolerance of maize was explored by comparing physiological and transcriptomic data under normal conditions and drought treatment at polyethylene glycol- (PEG-) induced drought stress (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) in the root during the seedling stage. The content of saccharide, SOD, CAT, and MDA showed an upward trend, proteins showed a downward trend, and the levels of POD first showed an upward trend and then decreased. Compared with the control group, a total of 597, 2748, 6588, and 5410 differentially expressed genes were found at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% PEG, respectively, and 354 common DEGs were identified in these comparisons. Some differentially expressed genes were remarkably enriched in the MAPK signaling pathway and plant hormone signal transduction. The 50 transcription factors (TFs) divided into 15 categories were screened from the 354 common DEGs during drought stress. Auxin response factor 10 (ARF10), auxin-responsive protein IAA9 (IAA9), auxin response factor 14 (ARF14), auxin-responsive protein IAA1 (IAA1), auxin-responsive protein IAA27 (IAA27), and 1 ethylene response sensor 2 (ERS2) were upregulated. The two TFs, including bHLH 35 and bHLH 96, involved in the MAPK signal pathway and plant hormones pathway, are significantly upregulated in 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% PEG stress groups. The present study provides greater insight into the fundamental transcriptome reprogramming of grain crops under drought.
Macroscale Gas–Water Two‐Phase Transport Simulation in Shales considering Nanomicroscale Effects
Authors: Wang Dongying , Liu Hua , Yao Jun , Wang Weihong , Hu Xiaohu , Wang Yanyan
Published: January 2024

As an effective approach to evaluate shale gas production, macroscale numerical simulations have been conducted; however, multiscale storage space and complex gas–water two‐phase transport mechanisms are not systematically considered. To deal with this, a rigorous cross‐scale gas–water two‐phase transport simulation method that considers the pore, core, and field scale is proposed herein. First, to investigate the fluid storage state in different pore types during the gas–water two‐phase transport process, a shale pore network gas–water transport simulation is conducted. Subsequently, a core‐scale model that considers the distribution of organic matter is constructed, and the gas–water two‐phase transport behaviors are upscaled from the pore to the core by incorporating nanomicroscale effects. Next, a shale gas–water two‐phase macroscale numerical simulation is implemented based on the core‐scale simulation results. Multiple interacting continua are used to describe the shale matrix and microfractures, whereas the embedded discrete fracture method is employed to represent hydraulic fractures. Finally, the manner by which nanomicroscale effects, stress sensitivity, and SRV area affect the production of shale gas reservoirs is discussed comprehensively. This study provides a practical method to estimate shale gas production by rigorously considering gas–water nanomicroscale effects to reduce uncertainties during productivity evaluation.
The Ripple Effect of Climate Change: Assessing the Impacts on Water Quality and Hydrology in Addis Ababa City (Akaki Catchment)
Authors: Gule Thandile T. , Hailu Binyam Tesfaw , Lemma Brook
Published: January 2024

This research aimed to evaluate the effects of climate change on the hydrology and water quality in the Akaki catchment, which provides water to Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. This was performed using the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model and an ensemble of four global climate models under two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) emission scenarios from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). The climate data were downscaled and bias-corrected using the CMhyd tool and calibrated and validated using the SWAT-CUP software package. Change points and patterns in annual rainfall and temperature were determined using the homogeneity test and Mann–Kendell trend test. Water quality data were obtained from Addis Ababa Water and Sewerage Authority (AAWSA), and more samples were taken and analyzed in accordance with APHA recommended procedures. The SWAT model output was then used to assess the impacts of climate change on hydrological components and water quality. Rainfall increased by 19.39 mm/year under SSP2-4.5 and 12.8 mm/year under SSP8.5. Maximum temperature increased by 0.03°C/yr for SSP2-4.5 and 0.04°C/yr for SSP5-8.5. Minimum temperature increased by 0.03°C/yr under SSP2-4.5 and 0.07°C/yr under SSP5-8.5. This warming will augment the evapotranspiration rate which in turn will have a negative impact on the freshwater availability. Streamflow will increase by 5% under SSP2-4.5 and 9.49% under SSP5-85 which may increase sporadic flooding events. Climate change is expected to contribute to the deterioration of water quality shown by 61%, 36%, 79%, 115%, and 70% increased ammonia, chlorophyll-a, nitrite, nitrate, and phosphorus loadings, respectively, from 2022. The increase in temperature results in increases in nutrient loading and a decrease in dissolved oxygen. Overall, this research demonstrated the vulnerability of the catchment to climate change. The findings of this research can offer vital knowledge to policymakers on possible strategies for the sustainable management of water.
Sex Work and Health Problems in the Sexual and Gender Minority Population: Analysis of a Population Survey in Peru
Authors: Tapia-Sequeiros Gustavo , Zela-Coila Frank , Quispe-Vicuña Carlos , Murrieta-Ruiz Valentina , Laque-Ale Aracely , Soriano-Moreno Anderson N.
Published: January 2024

Background. Sexual and gender minorities (SGM) who perform sex work are susceptible to sexually transmitted infections and substance abuse that can lead to chronic diseases, as well as discrimination and violence that deteriorate their mental health. Aim. To evaluate the association between a history of sex work and health problems in the sexual and gender minority population from Peru. Methods. A cross‐sectional study was conducted based on the data of the first virtual survey for LGBTI people in Peru in 2017. The prevalence of self‐reported chronic diseases, infectious diseases, and mental health problems in the last 12 months and their association with the history of sex work were evaluated. Adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using Poisson regression with robust variance. Results. We analyzed data from 10629 people, of which 7.0% performed sex work. The prevalence of chronic diseases, infectious diseases, and mental health problems was 13.0%, 10.4%, and 23.7%, respectively. A significant association was found between a history of sex work with chronic diseases (APR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.04–1.50), infectious diseases (APR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.86–2.41), and mental health problems (APR: 1.27, 95% CI, 1.12–1.45). Conclusion. We found evidence that chronic diseases, infectious diseases, and mental health problems are associated with sex work history among the SGM population in Peru. There is a need to provide health interventions focused on disease prevention and control for this population.
Improving Circulatory Support in Cases of Acute DeBakey Type I Aortic Dissection: A Novel Arterial Cannulation Approach and Its Effects on Perfusion and Minimizing Complications
Authors: Deng Xin , Zhang Peiyun , Fan Xueting , Ding Chengming , Feng Yaoguang , Lei Zhengwen
Published: January 2024

Objective. Proposing a novel arterial cannulation technique for acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection with severe aortic arch and branch involvement to enhance CPB effectiveness and reduce organ malperfusion complications. Methods. The technique involves retrograde insertion of an arterial perfusion tube into the aortic arch through the left common carotid artery. Extracorporeal circulation is established, and total aortic arch replacement with deep hypothermic systemic circulation and a frozen elephant trunk stent placement are performed to restore lower body perfusion. Results. Six patients with severe aortic arch and branch involvement underwent the new arterial cannulation technique. All patients had smooth postoperative recoveries without significant complications. Conclusion. The novel arterial cannulation technique shows promise in managing acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection with extensive vascular involvement, reducing complications, and enhancing patient outcomes. Further validation with a larger patient cohort is needed to confirm its effectiveness and safety. If successful, this technique could become a valuable addition to treatment strategies for improved outcomes.
Correlation between the Systemic Immunoinflammatory Index and Platelet–Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients with Adenomyosis
Authors: Dong Yan , Chen YaHui , Wang YaNan , Wang Lin , Zhou Yan , Xue Mei , Sun Lin
Published: January 2024

Background. The chronic inflammatory immune response is a significant factor in the pathogenesis of benign gynecological diseases. The systemic immunoinflammatory index (SII) and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are commonly available biomarkers of inflammation. However, evidence of the relationship between SII and PLR in patients with adenomyosis is limited. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between SII and PLR in patients with adenomyosis. Methods. This cross-sectional study included 483 patients with adenomyosis who were first diagnosed at our institution between January 2019 and December 2021. Basic patient clinical information and inflammatory factors were collected for univariate analysis, smoothed curve fitting, and multivariate segmented linear regression. Results. The results of the univariate analysis showed a significant positive correlation between PLR levels and SII (P<0.001). In addition, a nonlinear relationship between PLR and SII was tested using a smoothed curve fit after adjusting for potential confounders. Multiple segmented linear regression models showed a significant relationship between SII and PLR in both SII < 1,326.47 (β 0.14, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.16; P<0.0001) and >1,326.47 (β 0.02, 95% CI: −0.01, 0.05; P = 0.2461). Conclusions. In conclusion, this study showed a nonlinear relationship between SII and PLR in patients with uterine adenomyosis. An increase in serum PLR levels correlates with an increase in SII before SII levels reach an inflection point.
Supplementary Figure S3 from ERK1/2 Phosphorylation Predicts Survival in Recurrent Glioblastoma Following Intracerebral and Adjuvant PD-1/CTLA-4 Immunotherapy: A REMARK-guided Analysis
Authors: Arrieta Víctor A. , Duerinck Johnny , Burdett Kirsten B. , Habashy Karl J. , Geens Wietse , Gould Andrew , Schwarze Julia K. , Dmello Crismita , Kim Kwang-Soo , Saganty Ruth , Chen Li , Moscona Alberto , McCord Matthew , Lee-Chang Catalina , Horbinski Craig M. , Zhang Hui , Stupp Roger , Neyns Bart , Sonabend Adam M.
Published: January 2024

Supplementary Figure 3. Association of p-ERK with survival in glioblastoma patients treated with immune checkpoint blockade.