bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining the Impact of the Influential Factors of Customer Purchase Intentions: The Mediating Role of Electronic Word-of-Mouth
Authors: Amin Al-
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the study is to navigate the role of electronic word of mouth (EWOM) assessing variables (digital marketing, social networking, content marketing and online customer reviewer) how these IV influence customer purchase intensions of target customers in online and offline platform. Relevant literatures regarding role of EWOM are reviewed with relevant theories and market analysis. Thereafter, it opened a new horizon of future research scope. It is found that 74.9% of the variance in dependent variable is defined by independent variable of the model framework and SEM analysis and showing high and robust explanatory ability. Customer loyalty programs are sustained through extensive customer research online. The research will aid in future how mediating variable EWOM mediates customer purchase intension in some point of credibility on online market, consumer adaptation, brand reliability, and conducting peer group influence to buy products and receive services. The present findings of the study opens a new platform of consumer open forum discussion regarding products and services that are most sale of the market, customer opinions, sharing of experiences, spreading of negative messages to a variety of social media platforms. Firstly, data collected from well-educated participants who responded on the survey. Secondly, the generations and age group targeted would be greater in future. Future research could be conducted based on positive and negative customer review on online platform, online payment and buying intentions, brand image and brand bridging with EWOM. Companies now are responding quickly to their customers’ problems and managing their brand image through extensive delivery of post purchase services to loyal customers and regular customers analyzing open forum research of social media. The research will aid in future how mediating variable EWOM mediates customer purchase intension in some point of credibility on online market, consumer adaptation, brand reliability, and conducting peer group influence to buy products and receive services. This research examined how EWOM lead the market through variable mentioned in the paper.
Posthumanist Approach to the Cultural Heritage of Tuhu Chinese Musical Instruments
Authors: Chuangprakhon Sayam , Yu Tengteng , Sangmuenna Watcharanon , Santaveesuk Piyapun
Published: January 2025

This study explores the preservation of the Tuhu, a traditional bowed string instrument of the Zhuang people in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, through a posthumanist perspective. The Tuhu represents the community's cultural identity and is vital to Zhuang opera and folk music. However, modernization and a decreasing number of skilled players pose significant threats to its transmission. Employing qualitative methods such as ethnographic fieldwork, in-depth interviews, and participant observation in Debao County and Jingxi City regions with rich Zhuang musical traditions, the research engaged five key informants, including local musicians, cultural practitioners, and educators. Thematic analysis revealed the instrumental agency of the Tuhu, environmental influences, and the role of digital technologies in cultural transmission. Findings indicate that preserving the Tuhu necessitates its integration into educational curricula, improved accessibility through digital platforms, and collaboration between cultural practitioners and academic institutions, fostering younger generations' engagement with traditional practices.
Mengukur Gaya Gravitasi Bumi dengan Menggunakan Metode Ayunan Sederhana dan Pipa U
Authors: Marwiyah Nst Masringgit Marwiyah Nst
Published: January 2025

ABSTRAK
 
Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari sering ditemukan yang dinamakan getaran. Jika ada gempa bumi di tempat kita berpijak mengalami getaran maka kita mengatakan bahwa bumi bergetar. Getaran seperti itu sebenarnya dihasilkan oleh benda yang mengalami gangguan sehingga ia bergerak boalk-balik di antara titik keseimbangannya. Apabila getaran tersebut menjalar ke benda-benda lainnya, maka terjadilah rambatan getaran yang disebut gelombang. Percobaan dengan alat pratikum ayunan sedrhana dan pipa U ini bertujuan untuk menentukan besarnya gaya gravitasi bumi, menghitung timggi ayunan (h), waktu ayunan(t) dan perioda ayunan (T). Pratikum dilakukan dengan mengamati perubahan nilai gaya gravitasi  bumi dengan menambah tinggi ayunan dan air pada pipa U Prinsip kerja pada alat pratikum ini dalah dengan memutar tali yang di ikatkan pada pipa dengan memvariasikan panjang tali.
 
Kata  kunci: Gaya Gravitasi, Ayunan Sederhana, Pipa U
 
ABSTRACT
 
In everyday life we ​​often find things called vibrations. If there is an earthquake where we stand there is a vibration then we say that the earth is shaking. Such vibrations are actually produced by objects experiencing disturbances so that they move back and forth between their balance points. If these vibrations spread to other objects, a vibration propagation occurs which is called a wave. This experiment using a simple swing practical tool and a U pipe aims to determine the magnitude of the earth's gravitational force, calculate the swing height (h), swing time (t) and swing period (T). The practicum is carried out by observing changes in the value of the earth's gravitational force by increasing the height of the swing and the water in the U pipe. The working principle of this practicum tool is to rotate the rope tied to the pipe by varying the length of the rope.
 
Keywords: Gravity Force, Simple Swing, U Pipe
Studi Profil Awan Konvektif Penyebab Hujan Es Di Jakarta Dengan Menggunakan Radar Cuaca (Studi Kasus Hujan Es Di Jakarta 17 Desember 2022)
Authors: Haryadi Haryadi , Mahendra Putra Richard , Widodo Pujo
Published: January 2025

Pada 17 Desember 2022 terjadi hujan es di wilayah Jakarta. Fenomena ini tergolong unik dan jarang terjadi di wilayah Equator. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan meganalisis profil dari awan konvektif yang menghasilkan hujan es tersebut dengan menggunakan data radar cuaca. Dalam analisis data dilakukan dengan melihat faktor dari kondisi atmosfer secara global, regional, hingga lokal yang menyebabkan terjadinya sistem konvektif di Jakarta pada tanggal tersebut. Kemudian analisis dari struktur awan konvektif penyebab hujan es serta estimasi dari peluang kejadian hujan es berdasarkan produk ZHAIL dari radar cuaca. Hujan es yang terjadi di Jakarta disebabkan oleh adanya awan konvektif yang terjadi akibat kondisi atmosfer yang cukup labil dan didukung oleh faktor cuaca skala global maupun regional. Hal tersebut mengakibatkan terbentuknya awan cumulonimbus dengan mekanisme updaft yang kuat, ditandai dengan adanya weak echo region (WER) dan overhang echo (OE) ketika fase pertumbuhan awan. Kemudian pada fase matang, partikel es yang terkandung di dalam awan cumulonimbus berukuran cukup besar yang ditunjukkan oleh pola three body scater spike (TBSS). Produk ZHAIL menunjukkan adanya peluang terjadinya hujan es yang terdeteksi sejak fase pertumbuhan awan konvektif dan kondisi tersebut konsisten bertahan hingga menjelang awan konvektif tersebut menghasilkan hujan es. Ketika hujan es terjadi, nilai peluang dari kejadian hujan es berdasarkan produk ZHAIL pada studi kasus ini justru menurun dan hilang di citra radar di waktu selanjutnya.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Chatbot Berbasis Web Dalam Pembelajaran IPA SMP Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa
Authors: Nabillah Zulva , Rusdianto  , Ridlo Zainur Rasyid
Published: January 2025

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan kevalidan, kepraktisan, dan keefektifan dari hasil pengembangan media pembelajaran chatbot yang disesuaikan dengan indikator keterampilan berpikir kreatif untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kreatif siswa. Penelitian ini termasuk Research and Development yang menggunakan model ADDIE (analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation). Pengumpulan data diperoleh dari lembar validasi media, observasi keterlaksanaan, angket respon siswa, dan tes (pretest dan posttest). Hasil validasi media pembelajaran chatbot dari tiga ahli sebesar 84,48% dengan kategori valid. Hasil kepraktisan media pembelajaran chatbot dari tiga observer sebesar 93,23% dengan kategori sangat praktis. Hasil efektivitas media pembelajaran chatbot dari hasil N-gain sebesar 0,72 dengan kategori tinggi dan respon siswa yang memperoleh hasil 84,09% dengan kategori sangat baik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, media pembelajaran chatbot valid dan praktis untuk diimplementasikan dalam pembelajaran IPA serta dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kreatif siswa.
Adsorpsi Congo Red dan Remazol Red oleh Silika Pasir Pantai Panjang dengan Metode Spektroskopi
Authors: Yuliafitri Sasti , Swistoro Eko
Published: January 2025

This study intended to 1) explain the process of synthesis silica from Bengkulu beach sand; 2) describe pH, weight, contact time, optimum temperature, thermodynamics, isotherms, kinetics of the Congo Red and Remazol Red adsorption process of silica from Bengkulu beach sand using spectroscopic UV-Vis analysis methods. Based on the experiments, the results were 1) The synthesis of  silica from Bengkulu beach sand was carried out through the purification of the sample, the potassium silicate preparation (K2SiO3) by the alkali fussion method, gel making, and the silica gel preparation (SiO2). The optimum adsorption condition of Congo Red substance by silica occurs at pH 2 and the contact time is 40 minutes, while the Remazol Red substance occurs at pH 3 and the contact time is 60 minutes, each adsorbent weight 75 mg and 50 mg, and the optimum temperature 30°C. The thermodynamic parameters acquired are ∆G° and ∆H° are negative, while the ∆S° is positive, which means that the process of adsorption occurs exothermic and spontaneously irregularities towards the increased system. Isotherm adsorption is determined through the Freundlich isotherm model and follows pseudo-order kinetic model 2.
Fortifikasi Pakan Ikan dengan Tepung Cacing Sutra (Tubifex sp) pada Fase Pembesaran Lele Sangkuriang (Clarias gariepinus)
Authors: Hamron Novita , Warman Indra , Sari Hety Novita , Oktamalia  , Sari Dia Novita , Togatorop Eny Rolenti
Published: January 2025

Pengembangan teknologi pakan dengan fortifikasi tepung cacing sutra (Tubifex sp) adalah salah satu solusi yang bisa diupayakan. Cacing sutra mengandung protein tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa pengaruh fortifikasi pakan ikan dengan tepung cacing sutra terhadap fase pembesaran lele sangkuriang. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan meliputi: A (95% tepung ikan + 5% tepung cacing sutra), B (90% tepung ikan + 10% tepung cacing sutra), C (85% tepung ikan +15% tepung cacing sutra), dan D (80% tepung ikan + 20% tepung cacing sutra). Setiap satuan perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga kali sehingga diperoleh total satuan percobaan sebanyak 12 unit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa laju pertambahan panjang dan laju pertambahan bobot lele sangkuriang signifikan meningkat terjadi saat lele berada pada fase 20 hari pembesaran di kolam terpal. Perlakuan C (85% tepung ikan +15% tepung cacing sutra) adalah formulasi pakan terbaik terlihat pada tingginya pertumbuhan bobot mutlak (23,67 g), laju pertumbuhan harian (2,66%) dan efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan (1,32%). Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai acuan dalam pembuatan pakan buatan untuk pembesaran ikan lele sangkuriang.
Profiles of science process skills and sustainability awareness of junior high school students
Authors: Sifah Layyinatus , Dewi Endah Rita Sulistya , Roshayanti Fenny , Hayat  Muhammad Syaipul
Published: January 2025

Tuntutan abad ke 21 ini, menuntut siswa untuk memiliki keterampilan dalam memecahkan masalah sehari-hari serta kesadaran keinginan. Kesadaran ini mencakup pemahaman, sikap, dan tindakan yang mendukung upaya pelestarian lingkungan serta pembangunan berkelanjutan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui profil keterampilan proses sains dan kesadaran berkelana dalam konsep ESD siswa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif kulitatif. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 28 siswa SMP Negeri 23 Semarang. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu soal pilihan ganda untuk mengukur tingkat keterampilan proses sains dan angket untuk mengetahui kesadaran minat siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterampilan proses sains siswa masih berada pada tingkat cukup dengan perolehan persentase rata – rata 61,97, sedangkan tingkat persentase kesadaran menyukai siswa dalam kategori medium dengan perolehan persentase 66,2. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan dalam pembelajaran IPA perlu adanya pendekatan KPS dan penerapan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah yang terintegrasi ESD dalam upaya peningkatan keterampilan proses sains dan kesadaran berkesinambungan (sustainability awareness) siswa SMP .
 
Kata kunci: Keterampilan Proses Sains ; Siswa; Kesadaran Keberlanjutan.
Pengembangan Alat Peraga 3D IPA Untuk Melatih Pemahaman Konsep Kelas VII Pada Materi Tata Surya
Authors: Jantriyani Jantriyani , Sjaifuddin Sjaifuddin , Vitasari Mudmainah
Published: January 2025

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tingkat kevalidan media alat peraga 3D dengan materi tata surya, dan untuk menganalisis respon siswa terhadap media alat peraga 3D dengan materi tata surya untuk melatih pemahaman konsep.  Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan jenis penelitian dan pengembangan dengan model 4D. Pada penelitian ini digunakan instrument berupa instrumen wawancara, instrument angket validasi dan angket respon siswa. Subjek dalam penelitian terdiri dari 3 ahli media, 3 ahli materi dan 3 ahli praktisi (guru IPA) serta 30 siswa SMP kelas VII. Hasil validasi alat peraga 3D pada materi tata surya  secara keseluruhan mendapatkan presentase kevalidan dari ketiga ahli (ahli media, ahli materi dan ahli praktisi) yaitu 91,25% dengan kategori “Sangat Baik” dan hasil respon siswa didapatkan nilai presentase 90,05 dengan kategori “Sangat Baik”, sehingga alat peraga 3D pada materi tata surya ini dapat sebagai media dalam proses pembelajaran.
Economic and clinical burden associated with respiratory syncytial virus and impact of universal immunization with nirsevimab in Italy
Authors: Marcellusi Andrea , Bini Chiara , Muzii Barbara , Soudani Samira , Kieffer Alexia , Beuvelet Matthieu , Bozzola Elena , Midulla Fabio , Baraldi Eugenio , Bonanni Paolo , Boccalini Sara , Orfeo Luigi
Published: January 2025

Objectives: To describe the seasonal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) burden in Italy considering the current prophylaxis strategy with palivizumab recommended only for high-risk infants (representing only 4.4% of an estimated birth cohort) and to evaluate the potential benefits of a new prophylaxis strategy targeting all infants with nirsevimab.
Methods: A static decision analytic model previously used in the US was adapted to evaluate the RSV-related health and cost outcomes associated with nirsevimab versus standard of care (SoC) for the prevention of RSV medically attended lower respiratory tract infections (RSV-MA-LRTIs). Monthly probabilities of RSV infections, health events, mortality, and complications associated with RSV infections were obtained from the literature. Costs associated with each event were obtained using the available literature and through real-world data analysis of National Hospital Discharge Records.
Results: For one RSV season, in the current SoC, the model estimated 216,100 RSV-MA-LRTIs, 15,121 associated complications, and 16 RSV-deaths–corresponding to an economic burden of approximately €50.5 million related to RSV-MA-LRTIs management, €10.9 million associated with potential complications due to RSV and €3 million in lost productivity due to RSV-deaths. Nirsevimab is expected to prevent 100,208 RSV-MA-LRTIs, 6,969 complications, and 6 deaths due to RSV infections, corresponding to an economic saving of about €23.3, €5, and €1.2 million, respectively.
Conclusion: Nirsevimab is a new prophylaxis strategy that helps to protect all infants against RSV disease and could substantially reduce the clinical and economic burden of RSV in Italy in infants experiencing their first RSV season.
Value contribution of leniolisib in the Treatment of Activated PI3Kδ syndrome (APDS) in Spain using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA)
Authors: Reyes Abad María , Alerany Carmen , Gonzalez Luis Ignacio , Neth Olaf , Payares-Herrera Concepción , Rodríguez-Gallego Carlos , Trillo Jose Luis , Herrmann Kirsten H. , Figueiredo Raquel , Gil Alicia
Published: January 2025

Background: Activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) δ Syndrome (APDS) is an ultra-rare, potentially life-threatening disease that lacks approved treatments in Spain. This study aimed to apply Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) to assess the value of the first pharmacological treatment for APDS in Spain.
Methods: A multidisciplinary group of 8 experts evaluated the selective PI3Kδ inhibitor leniolisib against Standard of Care (SoC). An MCDA framework tailored for Orphan Drugs (ODs), consisting of 5 comparative and 2 quantitative non-comparative criteria, was used. Re-scoring followed a group discussion.
Results: Leniolisib scored higher than SoC in all criteria, including efficacy and safety. It was deemed highly valuable as the first disease-modifying treatment, with a positive therapeutic impact and potential to improve patients’ quality of life. Additionally, leniolisib may lead to cost savings. The supporting data was considered of high quality.
Conclusion: Based on MCDA methodology and stakeholder experience in APDS management, leniolisib is seen as a value-added treatment option compared to SoC in Spain.
Cumhuriyet döneminde yaşlılık ve yaşlılara yönelik hizmetlerin analizi
Authors: Şen Cemil Bülent
Published: January 2025

Cumhuriyetin kuruluş günlerindeki yaşlılık tanımı, ihtiyaçlar, kaynaklar ve verilen hizmetlerin kapsamı ile 100 yıllık süreç içerisinde gelişmeler ve gelinen noktada ne kadar yol alındığı insan hakları ve yaşlı hakları kapsamında diğer ülkelerdeki uygulamalar da değerlendirilerek geleneksel ve eleştirel derleme türünde incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda uluslararası ve ulusal yayınlar, anlaşmalar, anayasa, kanun, yönetmelikler, uygulama örnekleri, politika belgeleri ve ulusal eylem planları incelenmiştir. Bu derleme çalışması esnasında literatürün taranması, değerlendirilmesi, analiz ve sentez edilmesi basamakları takip edilmiştir. 1923-1935 yılları arasında Türkiye nüfusunun özellikle 2000 yılından sonra hızla yaşlanmaya başladığı tespit edilmiştir. Türkiye’de bu hızla artan ve 2080 projeksiyonuna göre 0-15 yaş grubu genç nüfusun neredeyse iki katına ulaşacak yaşlı nüfus için gereken tedbirlerin bugünden planlanan akılcı sosyal politikalarla alınması gerektiği görülmüştür. Bu sosyal politikaların oluşturulmasında en önemli görevin sosyal hizmet mesleğine düştüğü değerlendirilmiştir. Yaşlı hizmetlerinin Birleşmiş Milletler yaşlı yaşam kalitesinin iyileştirilmesine ilişkin ilkelerden bağımsız yaşam, katılım, bakım, kendini gerçekleştirme ve saygınlık/insan onuruna yaraşır yaşam ilkeleri kapsamında yapılması gerektiği vurgulanmış ve bu süreçte sosyal hizmet mesleğinin yaşlılık alanına katkıları gözden geçirilmiştir. Sosyal hizmet mesleğinde gerek lisans ve lisans üstü eğitimi müfredatında yaşlılarla sosyal hizmet ders ve araştırma konularının geliştirilerek artırılması gerekse sosyal politika yapıcılarla disiplinler arası çalışmalardan elde edilen sonuç ve önerilerle etkin iş birliğinde bulunulması önerilebilir.
Humor in the Classroom: An Introvert’s Perspective and Implementation
Authors: Lei Adam Y.C , Li Huihua
Published: January 2025

Being humorous in the classroom seems particularly challenging to an introvert who needs time alone and is usually not perceived as outgoing. We offer the experience of an introverted finance faculty member on using humor in the classroom over the past two decades. We emphasize the weaknesses and strengths of an introvert, and how they shape the humor strategies and attempts of the faculty member. We provide examples of “educational” jokes that the faculty member used in his attempts to make it more interesting in the classroom and to engage students. Student feedback on the attempted humor is overwhelmingly positive.
All’s Well that Sims Well: Incorporating the Community of Inquiry Framework in an Asynchronous Graduate Level Security Studies Simulation
Authors: Albert Craig , Blair Heidi , Vigdor Corey , Brown Allison
Published: January 2025

This paper provides a comprehensive model for incorporating simulations into an asynchronous graduate-level course in Security Studies. Specifically, we ask whether simulations can effectively increase student engagement in a fully online course environment. We suggest that by using innovative technology and adopting simulations created by the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), simulations can increase student engagement holistically through the Community of Inquiry model, focusing on the full “educational experience.” By applying the Community of Inquiry to the Security Studies digital environment, this paper provides the method necessary to increase the three facets of the holistic education experience: Cognitive Presence, Social Presence, and Teaching Presence. It has often been noted that asynchronous courses lack effective means to immerse and engage students fully. Still, we demonstrate that with slight adjustments to CFR simulations, using innovative technologies can bridge the gap between distance learning and experiential activities.
“Playful and Gameful” Choose Your Own Adventure Method of Teaching and Grading Political Science Courses.
Authors: Bačovský Pavel
Published: January 2025

Teaching political science, particularly in introductory courses, often emphasizes factual knowledge, such as definitions of democracy and the role of the legislative branch. While this foundation is essential, it serves merely as a starting point. I integrate Gameful and gradeless pedagogies in my classes to enhance student engagement. Students choose specific assignments, or "quests," to complete, allowing them to leverage their strengths and challenge themselves within a supportive framework. This choice fosters greater involvement in their learning journey. Drawing on five years of teaching experience at a large public university and a small liberal arts college, I present my case for this innovative teaching method, highlighting its advantages and challenges while providing actionable insights for others interested in implementing similar strategies in their classrooms.
Functional mass spectrometry indicates anti-protease and complement activity increase with COVID-19 severity
Authors: Fraser Douglas D. , Roy Swapan , Kuruc Matt , Quintero Maritza , Van Nynatten Logan R. , Cepinskas Gediminas , Zheng Haiyan , Soherwardy Amenah , Roy Devjit
Published: January 2025

Investigations on some innate immunity proteins can yield misleading information, as investigators often rely on static measurements and assume a direct correlation to function. As protein function is often not directly proportional to protein abundance, and mechanistic pathways are interconnected and under constant feedback regulatory control, functional analysis is required. In this study, we used functional mass spectrometry to measure anti-protease and complement activity in plasma obtained from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Our data suggests that within 48 h of hospital admission, COVID-19 patients undergo a protease storm with significantly elevated neutrophil elastase (p < 0.001) and lymphocyte granzyme B (p < 0.01), while, anti-protease activity is significantly increased, including alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT; p < 0.001) and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (ACT; p < 0.001). Concurrently, the ratio of C3a to C3beta activity significantly decreased with increasing COVID-19 severity, suggesting more complement activation (Mild COVID-19 p < 0.05; Severe COVID-19 p < 0.001). Activity levels of AAT, ACT and C3a/C3beta remained unchanged over 10 hospital days. Our data suggests that COVID-19 is associated with both a protease storm and complement activation, with the former somewhat balanced with increased anti-protease activity. Evaluation of the AAT/ACT ratio and C3a/C3beta ratio indicated that COVID-19 severity is associated with both neutrophil elastase neutralization and complement activation.
Numerical optimization of large-scale monotone equations using the free-derivative spectral conjugate gradient method
Authors: Abbass Ghulam , Katbar Nek Muhammad , Memon Israr Ahmed , Chen Haibo , Tesgera Tolasa Fikadu , Tolessa Lubo Gemeda
Published: January 2025

This study introduced an efficient method for solving non-linear equations. Our approach enhances the traditional spectral conjugate gradient parameter, resulting in significant improvements in the resolution of complex nonlinear problems. This innovative technique ensures global convergence and descent condition supported by carefully considered assumptions. The efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method is highlighted by its outstanding numerical performance. To validate our claims, large-scale numerical simulations were conducted. These tests were designed to evaluate the capabilities of our proposed algorithm rigorously. In addition, we performed a comprehensive comparative numerical analysis, benchmarking our method against existing techniques. This analysis revealed that our approach consistently outperformed others in terms of theoretical robustness and numerical efficiency. The superiority of our method is evident in its ability to solve large-scale problems with accuracy in function evaluations, fewer iterations, and improved computational performance thereby, making it a valuable contribution to the field of numerical optimization.
Establishing rabbit critical-size bone defects to evaluate the bone-regeneration potential of porous calcium phosphate ceramics
Authors: Lei Wei , Wu Yan , Yuan Hao , He Ping , Wu Jingqi , Chen Jingrong , Liu Yuxiao , Zhang Hongmei , de Bruijn Joost D. , Xiang Xuerong , Ji Ping , Yuan Huipin , Li Mingzheng
Published: January 2025

Critical-size bone defects (CSDs), which are those that do not self-repair in a given period, are essential for evaluating bone-regeneration strategies. We established CSDs models in the rabbit cranium and ulna, and the bone-regeneration capacities of porous calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics were assessed. A 12.6-mm cranial defect was confirmed as a CSDs after 12 weeks, with submicron surface-structured biphasic calcium-phosphate (BCP) implants [consisting of 20% hydroxyapatite and 80% tricalcium phosphate (TCP)] demonstrating significantly higher bone formation (32.2% ± 10.6%) than micron surface-structured TCP (TCP-B) implants (17.8% ± 4.6%, p = 0.0121). Ulna defects (15.0 mm in length) failed to heal spontaneously within 24 weeks when the periosteum was removed from both the ulna and radius, and the radius was covered with an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane. No bone bridging (i.e., union) was observed in the BCP implants at 12 weeks, whereas 80% of BCP implants (four out of five) achieved union by 24 weeks. Furthermore, the bone area within the available space of BCP implants increased significantly from 19.3% ± 7.3% at 12 weeks to 37.7% ± 8.5% at 24 weeks (p = 0.0063), accompanied by significant BCP resorption (14.8% at 12 weeks and 30.2% at 24 weeks). This study offers two rabbit CSDs models for evaluating bone-regeneration strategies (including bone substitution), and the overall data obtained in the current study indicate the possibility of repairing CSDs with CaP ceramics demonstrating improved bone-forming ability given adequate implantation time.
Circulating miRNA-486 as a novel diagnostic biomarker for right ventricular remodeling
Authors: Cai Huiling , Yu Cheng , Li Xiuchuan , Wang Xuenan , Yang Yongjian , Lan Cong
Published: January 2025

Objective

Clinical practice currently faces a significant shortfall in specific biomarkers needed for diagnosing right ventricular (RV) remodeling in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). While small noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators of RV remodeling, the biomarker potential of serum miRNAs in this process is little known. This study systematically screened and identified candidate serum miRNAs as potential diagnostic biomarkers for RV remodeling in PH patients.

Methods

Pulmonary artery banding (PAB) was performed in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and RV modeling was measured by echocardiographic and histological analyses 4 weeks after surgery. High-throughput miRNA sequencing of serum samples was performed to profile differentially-expressed miRNAs (dif-miRNAs) and preliminarily screen candidate miRNAs. The diagnostic power of the candidate miRNA was further validated in 100 patients [20 with adaptive RV pressure overload; 20 with maladaptive RV pressure overload; 20 with left heart failure (LHF); 19 with left ventricular hypertrophy and 21 controls].

Results

PAB rats exhibited severe RV hypertrophy, fibrosis and enlargement of RV cardiomyocytes compared with sham group. MiRNA sequencing analyses revealed 19 dif-miRNAs (12 upregulated and 7 downregulated) between the two groups. Among the 12 upregulated miRNAs, miRNA-486 exhibited highest elevation in PAB group and was supposed to be the candidate biomarker for RV modeling. Serum miRNA-486 levels were lower in control and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) patients compared to PH patients, and significantly higher in maladapted RV patients than in adapted RV patients. Serum miRNA-486 was significantly higher in LHF patients compared to controls, but still significantly lower than in PH patients. In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, serum miRNA-486 was a good predictor of RV maladaptation in PH patients (cut-off value 3.441, AUC 0.8625), which was not significantly different from B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP). Elevated serum miRNA-486 levels (≥3.441) were associated with reduced TAPSE/PASP ratios and increased BNP levels.

Conclusions

Serum miRNA-486 has the potential to be a valuable noninvasive biomarker for diagnosing RV remodeling in patients with PH.
The development of children's teaching varies by cultural input: evidence from China and the U.S.
Authors: Ye Nina Ni , Cui Yixin Kelly , Ronfard Samuel , Corriveau Kathleen H.
Published: January 2025

Teaching, often seen as a natural cognitive ability, is also shaped by cultural environments. This study compared the teaching strategies among 146 3- to 7-year-old children (81 females) from the U.S. (n = 52, White) and China (traditional preschool n = 49, Asian; “westernized” preschool n = 45, Asian). Children taught a board game to learners with varying knowledge levels. We measured children's false belief and knowledge attribution and coded three teaching strategies: verbal, contrastive, and contingent. Results showed that children from traditional Chinese preschools were less likely to engage in verbal and contingent teaching than their U.S. and “westernized” Chinese counterparts. Knowledge attribution predicted teaching strategies across cultures. These findings underscore the influence of cultural input on teaching strategies.
Improvement of rock surface roughness accuracy by combining object space resolution error and 3D point cloud features
Authors: Yuan Jiang , Wang Qing , Yang Qinzheng , Fan Yongqiang , Jiao Weining
Published: January 2025

To enhance the accuracy of joint roughness coefficient (JRC) estimation in photogrammetry, this study employed a fixed-camera shooting strategy guided by a Structure-from-Motion-based shooting parameter selection algorithm to reconstruct 3D models of rock samples at 16 different shooting distances. The analysis at profile intervals of 0.25 mm, 0.5 mm, and 1 mm revealed a strong correlation between JRC accuracy and three parameters: object space resolution error, spatial distance between point cloud points, and spatial errors of checkpoints on the orientation board. Using these three parameters as input variables and JRC error as the output variable, five machine learning algorithms—Support Vector Regression, Gaussian Process Regression, Multilayer Perceptron, XGBoost, and CatBoost—were employed to predict JRC errors across different shooting distances. The Multilayer Perceptron model performed best at profile intervals of 0.25 mm and 0.5 mm, while XGBoost was optimal at the 1 mm interval. Under the predictions of these models, JRC accuracy improved by an average of 84.7% across the three intervals. Finally, the applicability and limitations of the proposed method were further discussed.
Quadratic descriptors and reduction methods in a two-layered model for compound inference
Authors: Zhu Jianshen , Azam Naveed Ahmed , Cao Shengjuan , Ido Ryota , Haraguchi Kazuya , Zhao Liang , Nagamochi Hiroshi , Akutsu Tatsuya
Published: January 2025

Compound inference models are crucial for discovering novel drugs in bioinformatics and chemo-informatics. These models rely heavily on useful descriptors of chemical compounds that effectively capture important information about the underlying compounds for constructing accurate prediction functions. In this article, we introduce quadratic descriptors, the products of two graph-theoretic descriptors, to enhance the learning performance of a novel two-layered compound inference model. A mixed-integer linear programming formulation is designed to approximate these quadratic descriptors for inferring desired compounds with the two-layered model. Furthermore, we introduce different methods to reduce descriptors, aiming to avoid computational complexity and overfitting issues during the learning process caused by the large number of quadratic descriptors. Experimental results show that for 32 chemical properties of monomers and 10 chemical properties of polymers, the prediction functions constructed by the proposed method achieved high test coefficients of determination. Furthermore, our method inferred chemical compounds in a time ranging from a few seconds to approximately 60 s. These results indicate a strong correlation between the properties of chemical graphs and their quadratic graph-theoretic descriptors.
Sinonasal small-cell carcinoma combined concurrently with small-cell lung carcinoma: case report and literature review
Authors: Quan Rencui , Han Ling , Wu Shihai , Li Xianming
Published: January 2025

Sinonasal small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) is an uncommon malignant epithelial neuroendocrine tumor in the sinonasal cavity that often presents in isolation and rarely occurs in synchronous fashion with small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). Here, we present a case of a 65-year-old man diagnosed with SCNEC concurrently combined with SCLC. He received first-line platinum-doublet chemotherapy combined with durvalumab, followed by radiotherapy to thoracic as well as head and neck regions. The follow-up computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a complete response according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria until 9 June 2024. This case highlights the need for accurate diagnostic characterization of primary lesions and the need to formalize treatment paradigms using chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors, and targeted prophylactic cranial irradiation.
Location and natural history are key to determining impact of the 2021 atmospheric heatwave on Pacific Northwest rocky intertidal communities
Authors: Miner C. Melissa , Berry Helen D. , Bohlmann Heath , Dethier Megan N. , Fradkin Steven C. , Gaddam Rani , Raymond Wendel W. , Raimondi Peter T.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

In late June 2021, the Pacific Northwest region of the United States and Canada experienced an unprecedented atmospheric heatwave that co-occurred with one of the lowest day-time tide series of the year. Several consecutive days of air temperatures 10-20°C above normal, coupled with mid-afternoon low tides proved deadly for many rocky intertidal organisms, which live at the margin of land and sea.

Methods

To assess short (weeks) and longer-term (1 year) impacts of the heatwave on rocky intertidal communities, we used long-term monitoring data collected annually at 16 sites throughout Washington State.

Results and discussion

Our findings indicate that impacts were most severe at sites within the Salish Sea region of WA, where peak low tides occurred during the hottest, mid-afternoon hours. Focal species assemblages at Olympic coast sites, where low tides occurred in the morning, were largely spared. In addition, while the heatwave was associated with substantial short-term changes in acorn barnacle, rockweed, and California mussel assemblages, lasting impacts (1 year) were only observed in the mussel assemblage at the one Salish Sea site where this species is common. These findings will aid in forecasting both short-term and longer lasting impacts of future heatwave events and help direct potential mitigation efforts to regions and species assemblages where impacts will likely be greatest.
Inspiratory muscle training facilitates liberation from mechanical ventilation in subacute critically ill patients—a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Shu-Jane , Fang Tien-Pei , Rowley Daniel D. , Liu Nan-Wei , Chen Jui-O , Liu Jui-Fang , Lin Hui-Ling
Published: January 2025

Background

Patients undergoing mechanical ventilation often develop rapid diaphragmatic atrophy, respiratory muscle weakness, and dysfunction, which are associated with prolonged duration of ventilation. This study aimed to evaluate whether Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT) facilitates weaning from mechanical ventilation and enhances muscle strength in critically ill, subacute adult patients, while examining the relationship between IMT and relevant clinical laboratory values.

Methods

In this randomized clinical trial, patients admitted to the intensive care unit requiring mechanical ventilation for more than 2 days, with stable hemodynamics and resolved acute conditions, were enrolled. Participants were randomly assigned to the IMT or no-IMT group. The IMT group received training twice daily, 5 days a week, for three consecutive weeks. The primary outcome was ventilator duration. The primary outcome measure was the number of days until liberation from mechanical ventilation. The secondary outcomes of interest were respiratory muscle strength and biomarker levels.

Results

Thirty-three subjects (17 in the IMT group, 16 in the no-IMT group) were included in the final analysis. The IMT group had significantly shorter ventilator days (12.6 ± 5.2 vs. 18.1 ± 8.8, p = 0.04). IMT intervention significantly reduced rapid shallow breathing index and improved respiratory muscle strength, with greater maximum inspiratory pressure (p < 0.01), maximum expiratory pressure (p = 0.03), and peak expiratory flow (p = 0.01). A moderate positive correlation was observed between IMT and increased creatinine levels (rs = 0.54, p = 0.01), whereas the no-IMT group showed a reduction.

Conclusion

IMT significantly shortened ventilator duration and improved respiratory muscle strength. A moderate correlation between increased creatinine levels and respiratory muscle strength was observed, suggesting that creatinine may be a potential biomarker for muscle recovery during IMT.

Clinical trial registration

This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06611683).
Meta-analysis of the efficiency and safety of neoadjuvant therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors in resectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Tuersun Adili , Yasen Yadikaer , Mohetaer Munire , Hou Guanxin , Cheng Gang , Zhao Xin
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Immunotherapy as a neoadjuvant treatment approach has achieved certain therapeutic effects in various types of cancer. However, in the specific cancer type of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), standardized protocols for neoadjuvant immunotherapy remain to be defined. This systematic review and meta-analysis focus on evaluating the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in the treatment of HCC, aiming to provide a robust basis for clinical decision-making.

Methods

This study systematically searched databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and conference proceedings to identify clinical trials focusing on patients with HCC undergoing neoadjuvant immunotherapy. The Review Manager 5.4 software was applied to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of effect sizes and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) demonstrate significant efficacy in improving pathological outcomes and safety profiles in patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Specifically, ICIs significantly increase the pathological complete response (pCR) rate (OR = 0.23, 95% CI [0.14, 0.37], p < 0.00001) and major pathological response (MPR) rate (OR = 0.47, 95% CI [0.32, 0.70], p = 0.0002). They also markedly enhance the objective response rate (ORR) (OR = 0.42, 95% CI [0.28, 0.63], p < 0.0001). Furthermore, ICIs potentially improve the surgical resection rate (OR = 3.91, 95% CI [2.05, 7.45], p < 0.0001) and reduce the incidence of grade 3–4 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) (OR = 0.27, 95% CI [0.17, 0.44], p < 0.00001), indicating both therapeutic benefits and acceptable toxicity profiles.

Conclusion

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy shows promise in the treatment of resectable HCC. Nonetheless, to further validate its efficacy, more large-scale, well-designed clinical trials are necessary to provide conclusive evidence.

Systematic review registration

This comprehensive review adheres to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) standards and has been carried out as per a preregistered protocol (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42024560660).
Integrative analysis of intestinal flora and untargeted metabolomics in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Lu Jiamin , Jiang Maoying , Chai Dingyue , Sun Yuzi , Wu Lihui
Published: January 2025

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a clinically common neurodevelopmental disorder of the brain. In addition to genetic factors, an imbalance in gut flora may also play a role in the development of ADHD. Currently, it is critical to investigate the function of gut flora and related metabolites, which may form the fundamental basis of bidirectional cross-linking between the brain and the gut, in addition to focusing on the changed gut flora in ADHD. This study aimed to investigate the possible relationship between changes in gut flora and metabolites and ADHD by analyzing metagenome and untargeted metabolomics of fecal samples from ADHD patients. Specifically, we attempted to identify key metabolites and the metabolic pathways they are involved in, as well as analyze in detail the structure and composition of the gut flora of ADHD patients. In order to further investigate the relationship between gut flora and ADHD symptoms, some behavioral studies were conducted following the transplantation of gut flora from ADHD patients into rats. The results of the metagenome analysis revealed several distinct strains, including Bacteroides cellulosilyticus, which could be important for diagnosing ADHD. Additionally, the ADHD group showed modifications in several metabolic pathways and metabolites, including the nicotinamide and nicotinic acid metabolic pathways and the metabolite nicotinamide in this pathway. The behavioral results demonstrated that rats with ADHD gut flora transplants displayed increased locomotor activity and interest, indicating that the onset of behaviors such as ADHD could be facilitated by the flora associated with ADHD. This research verified the alterations in gut flora and metabolism observed in ADHD patients and provided a list of metabolites and flora that were significantly altered in ADHD. Simultaneously, our findings revealed that modifications to the microbiome could potentially trigger behavioral changes in animals, providing an experimental basis for comprehending the function and influence of gut flora on ADHD. These results might provide new perspectives for the development of novel treatment strategies.
Distinct genome stabilization procedures lead to phenotypic variability in newly generated interspecific yeast hybrids
Authors: Murath Pablo , Hoffmann Stephanie , Herrera-Malaver Beatriz , Bustamante Luis , Verstrepen Kevin , Steensels Jan
Published: January 2025

Yeast cells sometimes engage in interspecific hybridization, i.e., crosses between different species. These interspecific yeast hybrids combine phenotypes of the two parental species and can therefore allow fast adaptation to new niches. This is perhaps most evident in beer yeasts, where a cross between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces eubayanus led to the emergence of the lager yeast Saccharomyces pastorianus, which combines the fermentation capacity of S. cerevisiae with the cold tolerance of S. eubayanus, making the hybrid suitable for the typical cool lager beer fermentation conditions. Interestingly, however, merging two different genomes into one cell causes genomic instability and rearrangements, ultimately leading to a reorganized but more stable hybrid genome. Here, we investigate how different parameters influence this genome stabilization trajectory and ultimately can lead to variants with different industrial phenotypes. We generated seven de novo interspecific hybrids between two S. eubayanus strains and an ale S. cerevisiae strain, subsequently exposing them to three different genome stabilization procedures. Next, we analyzed the fermentation characteristics and metabolite production of selected stabilized hybrids. Our results reveal how variation in the genome stabilization procedure leads to phenotypic variability and can generate additional diversity after the initial hybridization process. Moreover, several stabilized hybrids showed phenotypes that are interesting for industrial applications.
Application of 2D polymerase chain reaction for single-tube detection of high-risk human papillomaviruses
Authors: Wang Weifeng , Jiang Min , Liu Ying , Wu Xuan , Chen Yan , Zhang Xiaoyun , Liu Weiwei
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The persistent infection of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) is intricately linked to the onset and progression of cervical cancer. This research endeavored to develop a high-throughput 2D PCR method for closed-tube genotyping of 11 HR-HPVs.

Methods

Base-quenched probes were specifically designed for FAM, VIC, and CY5 channels. The 2D PCR system underwent optimization, with its detection performance assessed in terms of specificity and sensitivity. Plasmid mixtures was used to simulate multiple infections of HPV, providing preliminary insights into the detection efficacy and throughput of the 2D PCR technology. Ultimately, the detection capability of this method was assessed using clinical samples.

Results

The sequenced tags, when paired with primers, could generate Tm differences exceeding 3°C. These were then integrated with a fluorescent channel and Tm to differentiate and identify target genes upon detection. The refined 2D PCR system was confirmed to be free from cross-reactions and exhibited high specificity, capable of detecting 12 target genes within a single tube. A total of 294 cervical exfoliated cell samples were tested using 2D PCR and flow fluorescence hybridization method. The overall concordance between the two detection methods was 96.17% (Kappa = 0.910).

Conclusion

The 2D PCR method, which integrates asymmetric PCR amplification with melting curve analysis, has the capacity to detect 11 types of HR-HPVs across three channels. This closed-tube detection approach offers several benefits including high throughput, straightforward operation, and low detection cost. Consequently, it can be effectively utilized for early screening and prevention of cervical cancer.