bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of end-of-life decision-making tools on patient and family-related outcomes of care among ethnocultural minorities: A systematic review
Authors: Nayfeh Ayah , Conn Lesley Gotlib , Dale Craig , Kratina Sarah , Hales Brigette , Das Gupta Tracey , Chakraborty Anita , Taggar Ru , Fowler Robert
Published: August 2022

Background

End-of-life decision-making tools are used to establish a shared understanding among patients, families and healthcare providers about medical treatment and goals of care. This systematic review aimed to understand the availability and effect of end-of-life decision-making tools on: (i) goals of care and advance care planning; (ii) patient and/or family satisfaction and well-being; and (iii) healthcare utilization among racial/ethnic, cultural, and religious minorities.

Methods

A search was conducted in four electronic databases (inception to June 2021). Articles were screened for eligibility using pre-specified criteria. We focused on adult patients (aged ≥18 years) and included primary research articles that used quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods designs. Complementary quality assessment tools were used to generate quality scores for individual studies. Extracted data were synthesized by outcome measure for each type of tool, and an overall description of findings showed the range of effects.

Results

Among 14,316 retrieved articles, 37 articles were eligible. We found that advance care planning programs (eleven studies), healthcare provider-led interventions (four studies), and linguistically-tailored decision aids (three studies) increased the proportion of patients documenting advance care plans. Educational tools (three studies) strongly reduced patient preferences for life-prolonging care. Palliative care consultations (three studies) were strongly associated with do-not-resuscitate orders. Advance care planning programs (three studies) significantly influenced the quality of patient-clinician communication and healthcare provider-led interventions (two studies) significantly influenced perceived patient quality of life.

Conclusion

This review identified several end-of-life decision-making tools with impact on patient and family-related outcomes of care among ethnocultural minorities. Advance care planning programs, healthcare provider-led interventions and decision aids increased documentation of end-of-life care plans and do-not-resuscitate orders, and educational tools reduced preferences for life-prolonging care. Further research is needed to investigate the effect of tools on healthcare utilization, and with specific patient population subgroups across different illness trajectories and healthcare settings.
Risk and protective factors approach to middle and high school students’ health behavior in Jordan
Authors: Alshammari Abdullah Saber Abdullah
Published: August 2022

A kutatások egyre nagyobb figyelmet fordítanak az egészségmagatartás kockázati és védőfaktoraira. Az iskoláskorú gyermekek egészségét és egészségmagatartását befolyásoló kockázati és védőfaktorok azonosítása fontos prioritás, hiszen a prevenciós programokat ezekre építik. Jelen kutatás célja a jordániai serdülők mentális egészségének és egészségmagatartásának feltérképezése volt, valamint ezek összefüggése a kockázati és védőfaktorokkal. A kutatás tanulmányai ezen (egyéni, családi, baráti, és iskolai szintű) faktorok prediktív értékeit határozták meg a következő egészségváltozókkal kapcsolatban: dohányzás, fizikai aktivitás, táplálkozás, személyi hygiene, depresszió, élettel való elégedettség. A disszertáció öt, egymásra épülő empirikus tanulmányból áll. A pilot tanulmányok (1-2.) 112, 13-18 éves hallgató adatait dolgozták fel. Míg a 3-5. tanulmányok a Jordánia északi részéhez tartozó Irbid város 22 állami és magán középiskoláiba járó diákok mintáján alapult (N = 2741, 8-12. osztályos serdülő fiúk és lányok). A tanulmányok igazolták az elemzésben szereplő kockázati és védőfaktorok szerepét. A depressziós tünetek gyakorisága összefüggésbe hozható az élettel való elégedettség alacsonyabb mértékével, mind a fiúk, mind pedig a lányok esetében. A lányok élettel való elégedettsége magasabb szintűnek volt, ami a nyugati kultúrától eltérő jelenség. A lányok továbbá kedvezőbb egészségmagatartást mutattak a táplálkozás és a személyi hygiene terén, a dohányzás pedig kevésbé volt rájuk jellemző. A fiúk viszont fizikailag aktívabbak voltak. Az iskolai környezetnek (főként a tanárok pozitív hozzáállásának, segítőkészségének, valamint az osztálytársak közötti jó kapcsolatnak) jelentős szerepe volt a serdülők élettel való elégedettségében. A kutatás eredményei felhívják a figyelmet a serdülők pszichikai egészségének és egészségmagatartásának további vizsgálatára, továbbá olyan egészségfejlesztési programok kialakítására, amelyek ezek kedvezőbb irányú befolyásolására alkalmasak.
ACG Clinical Guideline: Gastroparesis
Authors: Camilleri Michael , Kuo Braden , Nguyen Linda , Vaughn Vida M. , Petrey Jessica , Greer Katarina , Yadlapati Rena , Abell Thomas L.
Published: August 2022

Gastroparesis is characterized by symptoms suggesting retention of food in the stomach with objective evidence of delayed gastric emptying in the absence of mechanical obstruction in the gastric outflow. This condition is increasingly encountered in clinical practice. These guidelines summarize perspectives on the risk factors, diagnosis, and management of gastroparesis in adults (including dietary, pharmacological, device, and interventions directed at the pylorus), and they represent the official practice recommendations of the American College of Gastroenterology. The scientific evidence for these guidelines was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation process. When the evidence was not appropriate for Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation, we used expert consensus to develop key concept statements. These guidelines should be considered as preferred but are not the only approaches to these conditions.
Continuing Medical Education Questions: August 2022
Authors: Li Darrick K.
Published: August 2022

Article Title: Randomized Controlled-Trial Investigating Cold Snare and Forceps Polypectomy Among Small Polyps in Rates Of Complete Resection: The “TINYPOLYP” Trial.
European Dilution: Mapping the Origin and Roles of the Reputation Requirement
Authors: Olteanu Luminita
Published: August 2022

This article examines the rationales behind the selection of reputation as a prerequisite for enhanced protection in the European law on trade mark dilution. To this end, the article offers an in-depth account of the emergence of the concept of trade mark reputation in the European legislation as well as of the legislative process in itself. The examination proposed herein should prove useful when interpreting European dilution law in a purposive way. Furthermore, by looking at the historical context is which the ‘socially constructed’ concept of ‘trademark reputation’ emerged, this article seeks to shed some light on the policy considerations behind the choice of this criterion.
‘Taking jokes seriously’: Establishing a normative place for satire within the freedom of expression analysis of the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Reed Lewis George
Published: August 2022

Satire is a form of expression which tackles complex, contemporary issues in a nuanced, jesting spirit. Vitally, it does so through humour and provocation. This article demonstrates why we should not place extensive limits on controversial satire. At the European Court level, this requires a robust proportionality assessment of each satirical expression, rather than granting a wide margin of appreciation to national authorities which are more likely to uphold restrictions. The definition of satire in Vereinigung Bildender Künstler (VBK) v Austria did not go far enough to ensure that satire is treated as a distinct category worthy of higher protection at the European Court level. Moreover, the European Court’s worrying approach to controversial expression allows offence to feelings to justify restrictions, thus satire rests in a precarious position. This article remedies this deficiency by elucidating clearer reasoning for protecting satire than that offered in VBK, while providing a rigorous framework for assessing the proportionality of restrictions on satire, in order to provide limited, well-reasoned exceptions.
As visitas técnico-pedagógicas de Pierre Faure ao Brasil para a formação de professores
Authors: Silva Daniele Hungaro da
Published: August 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é compreender as visitas técnico-pedagógicas de Pierre Faure para ministrar as Semanas Pedagógicas que ocorreram no Rio de Janeiro e em São Paulo, respectivamente nos anos de 1955 e 1956. Faure foi um padre jesuíta francês que elaborou uma proposta inovadora de Educação Nova Católica: a Pedagogia Personalizada e Comunitária (PPC). A referência de Faure como educador percorreu mundo afora chegando a ser convidado para visitar o Brasil e ministrar as Semanas Pedagógicas promovidas pela Associação de Educação Católica (AEC). As visitas deste educador ao Brasil são aqui compreendidas como um modo de circulação, visto que este conceito, de acordo com Roger Chartier (1992), significa uma série de operações de disseminação de textos escritos em revistas especializadas, falas em congressos ou visitas de educadores em circuitos específicos. Até o momento, é possível afirmar que a pedagogia de Faure tonificou a posição católica no campo escolar brasileiro.
A Pedagogia com Personalidade de Pierre Faure: receção em Portugal e estudo de caso
Authors: Joaquim Pintassilgo  , José Eduardo Franco  , Rita Balsa Pinho
Published: August 2022

O presente artigo tem como principal finalidade refletir sobre a receção da pedagogia personalizada e comunitária de Pierre Faure em Portugal a partir dos anos 60 do século XX. Usaremos para tal o caso do colégio de S. Miguel, fundado em Fátima em 1962, e a trajetória do seu primeiro diretor, o padre Joaquim Rodrigues Ventura. Foi o ideário pedagógico de Faure que serviu de fonte de inspiração à construção do projeto educativo do colégio, possibilitando a sua afirmação como paradigma de “escola católica” e como referência de inovação no panorama educativo português.
La recepción de la Pedagogía Personalizada y Comunitaria en España en la dictadura franquista. El caso de Madrid.
Authors: Zamora Sara Ramos , Romero Teresa Rabazas
Published: August 2022

La enseñanza personalizada es una corriente pedagógica que se originó en Francia en el contexto posbélico de la II Guerra Mundial. Surgió como una respuesta a la crisis de identidad del sujeto que provocaron los totalitarismos europeos. En España, la recepción y apropiación de esta corriente pedagógica se produce a finales de los años sesenta durante la dictadura franquista, contexto político muy alejado del francés o el italiano. Será introducido a través de los trabajos y publicaciones del catedrático de Pedagogía Experimental de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid (España), Victor García Hoz; y por otro lado, a través de la Institución Teresiana. Este artículo se centra especialmente en esta segunda, exponiendo las diferentes iniciativas que la organización desarrolló para formar a su profesorado femenino en los principios pedagógicos de la pedagogía de Pierre Faure así como la aplicación práctica que estas maestras desarrollaron en las escuelas dirigidas por la IT.
Livros de leituras ou manuais de civilidade como cultura material da escola maranhense para o ensino do ler e do vir-a-ser
Authors: Castellanos Samuel Luis Velázquez
Published: August 2022

Neste artigo analisam-se pontos de contatos entre livros de leitura de autores maranhenses e manuais de civilidade não nacionais, no intuito de se alargar estes conceitos em ambas as direções, já que temas sustentados no controle e nas estratégias de imposição permitidos em lei derivam de armaduras conceituais conectadas à teia de significados construída por indivíduos/instituições em tempos específicos. Fundamenta-se a análise d’O livro do Povo de Antonio Marques Rodrigues e do Código de Bom Tom de J. I. Rouquette como fonte e objeto à luz dos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da história cultural. Conclui-se que os livros de leitura de autores maranhenses podem ser apreciados como manuais de prescrições, visto que não só coabitam e concorrem pelo consumo escolar; como também criaram estratégias semelhantes à produção não nacional, marcando singularidades da cultura local sem perder de vista o controle de hábitos, condutas e comportamentos em nome de uma moralidade específica.
Adaptações e traduções: cartilhas e livros de leitura “de americanos para filipinos” (início do século XX)
Authors: Warde Mirian Jorge
Published: August 2022

A dominação dos Estados Unidos sobre as Filipinas, iniciada em 1898, foi o primeiro teste do modelo de colonização cultural que adotariam a partir de então em outros territórios. Representa uma modalidade de “relação transnacional” na qual as partes entraram em condições muito desiguais. Uma vez aniquilados os principais focos insurgentes, o governo dos EUA passou a investir pesadamente na escolarização dos filipinos selecionando e ajustando seus padrões educacionais. O artigo interroga os argumentos dos EUA para a dominação e focaliza os livros de leitura e as cartilhas traduzidos e adaptados para os estudantes filipinos como ferramentas primeiras do arsenal cultural utilizado.
Barroco e educação em Portugal no Século XVII: Josefa de Óbidos
Authors: Costa Célio Juvenal , Versolatto Giovana Cardoso
Published: August 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é identificar de que forma o Barroco contribuiu para educação de Portugal no século XVII, por meio das obras de Josefa de Óbidos. Nossa hipótese é que o Barroco tenha sido um dos elementos do processo educacional do período, por cumprir com o propósito formativo à época. Para isso analisamos algumas das obras da referida artista, com o propósito de investigarmos as premissas incutidas nas imagens, para identificarmos os artifícios de persuasão ou condução, que corroboraram para o processo educacional do fiel/súdito. Concluímos que os elementos estilísticos do Barroco, viabilizaram às obras de Josefa um caráter diretivo, que contribuiu para a condução dos fiéis/súditos à experiência e aprendizado da fé católica e, portanto, à perpetuação e conservação deste credo.
História e Educação em Portugal na Modernidade: diálogos pertinentes
Authors: Natividade Carolina dos Santos Jesuino da
Published: August 2022

O objetivo do livro Império Português, diálogos sobre História e Educação do século XV ao XVIII, como nos apresenta José Maria Paiva no prefácio, e Costa e Menezes no capítulo introdutório, é o de divulgar pesquisas sobre a expansão e colonização portuguesa na modernidade, especialmente sobre a história da América Portuguesa. Com essa finalidade, o livro expõe o trabalho coletivo de pesquisadores que, em diferentes níveis de profundidade sobre suas temáticas, têm em comum o trabalho desenvolvido no Laboratório de Estudos do Império Português - LEIP, no qual ideias desenvolvidas em dissertações e teses foram lapidadas e aperfeiçoadas pelos apontamentos de profissionais dedicados na compreensão do Império Português. O Império Português é descrito como uma noção que altera o conceito historiográfico de Brasil colônia, conceito muito presente até a década de 1970. Registra-se o esforço dos trabalhos historiográficos mais recentes em buscar novas possibilidades de abordagem para a relação de Brasil e Portugal durante os séculos XVI, XVII e XVIII. Independentemente da adesão ou não às novas abordagens, é inegável que se abrem novas oportunidades de estudo sobre a América portuguesa. A complexidade do tema requer que se estabeleçam seus nexos não apenas com o Reino, mas também com outras regiões dominadas pelos lusitanos, como a ação dos jesuítas no Brasil, que pode ser mais bem compreendida na medida em que sejam realizados estudos sobre a atividade dos inacianos em Portugal, na África e na Ásia.
Mujeres viajeras y escritura (es)trábica en y desde la Argentina: Lina Beck Bernard, Laura Pariani y Cecilia Prenz
Authors: Crolla Adriana
Published: August 2022

Nos proponemos analizar la producción de tres escritoras viajeras/migrantes. Dos europeas de distintas épocas: Lina Beck Bernard (mitad del S. XIX) y Laura Pariani (segunda mitad del S. XX) y una argentina con residencia en Europa: Cecilia Prenz (entre siglos). Las tres en sus desplazamientos hacia y desde la Argentina, vivieron de modo personal la experiencia del contacto de mundos, generando en sus ficcionalizaciones y textos autobiográficos, una particular mirada (es) trábica (Crolla, 2008-2014). Para ello proponemos ampliar la categoría de “discursos migrantes” y “escritores migrantes” hacia la reflexión sobre el modo cómo la mujer conquista un espacio de escritura “otro” cruzando fronteras desde la mirada, la lectura y el discurso. Y en donde la traslación física y el contacto físico con “lo otro” determina posicionamientos políticos, estéticos y lingüísticos altamente significantes en sus propias tras/laciones discursivas.
Gabriela Mistral y Susana Romano: entre desolación y verdades
Authors: Dalmagro María Cristina
Published: August 2022

El foco del presente artículo son dos poemas que, pese a la distancia temporal, espacial y de recepción crítica en que se han gestado, plantean una reflexión profunda en torno a un eje temático común: la ausencia de la maternidad. Se trata de: “La mujer estéril”, de Gabriela Mistral (1889-1957), publicado en Desolación (1922) y “Trunca”, del libro Verdades como criptas (1980), de la cordobesa Susana Romano. Sumo también el aporte de la sección “Maternidad”, del libro Lecturas para mujeres, publicada por Gabriela Mistral en México, en 1924. Es sabido que la poesía de Gabriela Mistral ha sido ampliamente estudiada por críticos de distintas épocas y orientaciones; por el contrario, la de Susana Romano tuvo una difusión y una recepción más acotada, pero no por ello es menos significativa en cuanto al alcance y a la profundidad de su propuesta estética. Esta relectura, que parte de un breve recorrido por las líneas semánticas predominantes en cada poemario, situada en la segunda década del siglo XXI, cuando se han recorrido ya muchos caminos en torno a la temática que plantean ambos poemas puestos en paralelo, implica un desafío y un atrevimiento, desafío que acepto en pos de intentar entender sus reflexiones y acercar a los lectores de “hoy” un material poético exquisito.
Automated Multi Label Classification on Fertilizer Themed Patent Documents in Indonesia
Authors: Yaman Aris , Sartono Bagus , Indrawati Ariani , Kartika Yulia Aris , Soleh Agus M.
Published: August 2022

Patent literature research has a high scientific value for the industrial, commercial, legal, and policymaking communities. Therefore, patent analysis has become crucial. Patent topic classification is an important process in patent topic modeling analysis. However, the classification process is time-consuming and expensive, as it is usually carried out manually by an expert. Moreover, a patent document may be categorised in more than one category or label, further complicating the task. As the number of patent documents submitted increases, creating an automated patent classification system that yields accurate results becomes increasingly critical. Therefore, in this paper, we analyse the performance of two algorithms with regard to multi-label classification in patent documents: multi-label k-nearest neighbor (ML-KNN) and classifier chain k-nearest neighbor (CC-KNN), combined with latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA). These two methods have a considerable advantage in handling the continuously updated dataset; they also exhibit superior performance compared to other multi-label learning algorithms. This study also compares these two algorithms with the term frequency (TF)-weighting measure. The optimal value obtained is based on the following evaluation parameters: micro F1, accuracy, Hamming loss, and one error. The result shows that the ML-KNN method is better than the CC-KNN method and that the multi-label classification based on topics (patent LDA) is better than the TF-weighting technique.
Optical Character Recognition for Printed Tamizhi Documents using Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Munivel Monisha , Enigo V. S. Felix
Published: August 2022

Tamizhi (Tamil-Brahmi) script is one of the oldest scripts in India from which most of the modern Indian scripts are evolved. The ancient historical documents are generally preserved as digitised texts using Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technique. But the development of OCR for Tamizhi documents is highly challenging as many characters have similar shapes and structures with very small variations. In specific, for Tamizhi script it is very difficult to build an OCR as many characters are combined characters. This can be a single character formed by a single vowel/consonant or compound characters formed by combining vowels and consonants. This paper deals with the development of Tamizhi OCR for printed Tamizhi documents which is anticipated to perform efficiently irrespective of poor quality, noises and various input formats of Tamizhi documents. This is a preliminary study towards developing an OCR for handwritten Tamizhi inscription images that recognises text captured from onsite inscriptions. The developed Tamizhi OCR for printed text can produce an accuracy of about 91.12 per cent.
Modeling propofol‐induced cardiotoxicity in the isolated‐perfused newborn mouse heart
Authors: Barajas Matthew B. , Wang Aili , Griffiths Keren K. , Sun Linlin , Yang Guang , Levy Richard J.
Published: August 2022

Infants and children are vulnerable to developing propofol infusion syndrome (PRIS) and young age is a risk factor. Cardiac involvement is often prominent and associated with death. However, the mechanisms of pediatric PRIS are poorly understood because of the paucity of investigation and lack of a gold standard animal model. Unfortunately, in vivo modeling of PRIS in a newborn mouse is not feasible and would be complicated by confounders. Thus, we focused on propofol‐induced cardiotoxicity and aimed to develop an ex‐vivo model in the isolated‐perfused newborn mouse heart. We hypothesized that the model would recapitulate the key cardiac features of PRIS seen in infants and children and would corroborate prior in vitro observations. Isolated perfused newborn mouse hearts were exposed to a toxic dose of propofol or intralipid for 30‐min. Surface electrocardiogram, ventricular contractile force, and oxygen extraction were measured over time. Real‐time multiphoton laser imaging was utilized to quantify calcein and tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester fluorescence. Propidium iodide uptake was assessed following drug exposure. A toxic dose of propofol rapidly induced dysrhythmias, depressed ventricular contractile function, impaired the mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased open probability of the permeability transition pore in propofol‐exposed hearts without causing cell death. These features mimicked the hallmarks of pediatric PRIS and corroborated prior observations made in isolated newborn cardiomyocyte mitochondria. Thus, acute propofol‐induced cardiotoxicity in the isolated‐perfused developing mouse heart may serve as a relevant ex‐vivo model for pediatric PRIS.
The effects of a motorized passive simulated jogging device on descent of the arterial pulse waveform dicrotic notch: A single arm placebo‐controlled cross‐over trial
Authors: Adams Jose A. , Lopez Jose R. , Nadkarni Vinay , Zolkipli‐Cunningham Zarazuela , Ischiropoulos Harry , Sackner Marvin A.
Published: August 2022

Whole Body Periodic Acceleration (WBPA, pGz), is a bed that moves the body headward to forward, adds pulses to the circulation inducing descent of the dicrotic notch (DN) on the pulse waveform with an increase in a/b ratio (a = the height of the pulse waveform and b = the height of the secondary wave). Since the WBPA is large, heavy, and non‐portable, we engineered a portable device (Jogging Device, JD). JD simulates passive jogging and introduces pulsations to the circulation. We hypothesized that JD would increase the a/b ratio during and after its use. In Study A, a single‐arm placebo‐controlled cross‐over trial was conducted in24 adults (53.8 ± 14.4 years) using JD or control (CONT) for 30 min. Blood pressure (BPs and BPd) and photoplethysmograph pulse (a/b) were measured at baseline (BL), during 30 min of JD or CONT, and 5 and 60 min after. In Study B (n = 20, 52.2 ± 7 years), a single‐arm observational trial of 7 consecutive days of JD on BP and a/b, measured at BL, and after 7 days of JD and 48 and 72 hr after its discontinuation. In Study A, BPs, and BPd decreased during JD by 13% and 16%, respectively, while in CONT both increased by 2% and 2.5%, respectively. The a/b increased by 2‐fold and remained greater than 2‐fold at all‐time points, with no change in a/b during CONT. In Study B, BPs and BPd decreased by 9% and remained below BL, at 72 hr after discontinuation of JD. DN descent also occurred after 7 days of JD with a/b increase of 80% and remained elevated by 60% for at least 72 h. JD improves acute and longer‐term vascular hemodynamics with an increase in a/b, consistent with increased effects of nitric oxide (NO). JD may have significant clinical and public health implications.
Isolated knee extensor exercise training improves skeletal muscle vasodilation, blood flow, and functional capacity in patients with HFpEF
Authors: Hearon Christopher M. , Samels Mitchel , Dias Katrin A. , MacNamara James P. , Levine Benjamin D. , Sarma Satyam
Published: August 2022

Patients with HFpEF experience severe exercise intolerance due in part to peripheral vascular and skeletal muscle impairments. Interventions targeting peripheral adaptations to exercise training may reverse vascular dysfunction, increase peripheral oxidative capacity, and improve functional capacity in HFpEF. Determine if 8 weeks of isolated knee extension exercise (KE) training will reverse vascular dysfunction, peripheral oxygen utilization, and exercise capacity in patients with HFpEF. Nine HFpEF patients (66 ± 5 years, 6 females) performed graded IKE exercise (5, 10, and 15 W) and maximal exercise testing (cycle ergometer) before and after IKE training (3x/week, 30 min/leg). Femoral blood flow (ultrasound) and leg vascular conductance (LVC; index of vasodilation) were measured during graded IKE exercise. Peak pulmonary oxygen uptake (V̇O2; Douglas bags) and cardiac output (QC; acetylene rebreathe) were measured during graded maximal cycle exercise. IKE training improved LVC (pre: 810 ± 417, post: 1234 ± 347 ml/min/100 mmHg; p = 0.01) during 15 W IKE exercise and increased functional capacity by 13% (peak V̇O2 during cycle ergometry; pre:12.4 ± 5.2, post: 14.0 ± 6.0 ml/min/kg; p = 0.01). The improvement in peak V̇O2 was independent of changes in Q̇c (pre:12.7 ± 3.5, post: 13.2 ± 3.9 L/min; p = 0.26) and due primarily to increased a‐vO2 difference (pre: 10.3 ± 1.6, post: 11.0 ± 1.7; p = 0.02). IKE training improved vasodilation and functional capacity in patients with HFpEF. Exercise interventions aimed at increasing peripheral oxidative capacity may be effective therapeutic options for HFpEF patients.
Steel shot peening effects on friction stir welded AA2014-T6 aluminum alloys
Authors: Mallieswaran Kuppusamy , Rajasekaran Shanmugam , Vinoth Kumar Mari , Rajendran Chinnasamy
Published: August 2022

The high-strength aluminum alloy is the potential candidate to replace conventional materials. It has excellent corrosion-resistant, recyclable machinability. The joining of such a type of alloy using fusion welding is very difficult. Solid-state welding, friction stir welding (FSW) has been used. However, this process has attained a maximum joint of 90% of base material strength. The drop of remaining strength is due to the formation of the temperate region in the thermo-mechanically affected area. Most of the researchers have been reported that the failure has observed at the interface. Many techniques have been followed to improve the strength at the temperate region, namely, post-weld heat treatment, backing plate change, sheet position, tool offset, etc. In this study, the shot blasting technique has been used to improve the lost strength in the soft region. From the experimental result, the joint shot-peened with steel shot yielded higher strength than the classical friction stir welded (C-FSW) joints. Moreover, the stability of the shot-peened joint has been conceived 6.9% more than the C-FSW joint.
Effect of heat treatment on the electrical and mechanical properties of a Cu–Ni–Si cast alloy
Authors: Atapek Ş. Hakan , von Klinski-Wetzel Katharina , Heilmaier Martin
Published: August 2022

The electrical and mechanical properties of a Cu–2.50Ni–0.50Si–0.45Cr–0.25Co–0.25Zr (wt%) cast alloy were investigated. The alloy produced as billet material by arc melting technique was solution annealed at 900 °C for 2 h, quenched in water, and aged at 350–500 °C for 2–192 h. The electrical conductivity of the heat-treated alloy was measured using an Eddy current apparatus, and the mechanical properties were determined using hardness measurements and compression tests applied between room temperature and 600 °C. Microstructural characterization of the cast and aged alloys was carried using light optical and scanning electron microscopy to characterize the precipitated phases within the Cu solid solution matrix. It is found that (i) very fine δ-Ni2Si precipitates in the matrix of cast alloy aged at 400 °C for 72 h give an optimal combination of hardness and conductivity and (ii) the aged alloy has a higher yield strength than the cast one at all temperatures investigated.
African vultures optimization algorithm for optimization of shell and tube heat exchangers
Authors: Gürses Dildar , Mehta Pranav , Sait Sadiq M. , Yildiz Ali Riza
Published: August 2022

Nature-inspired optimization algorithms named meta-heuristics are found to be versatile in engineering design fields. Their adaptability is also used in various areas of the Internet of things, structural design, and thermal system design. With the very rapid progress in industrial modernization, waste heat recovery from the power generating and thermal engineering organization is an imperative key point to reduce the emission and support the government norms. However, the heat exchanger is the component applied in various heat recovery processes. Out of the available designs, shell and tube heat exchangers (SHTHEs) are the most commonly adopted for the heat recovery process. Hence, cost minimization is the major aspect while designing the heat exchanger confirming various constraints and optimized design variables. In this study, cost minimization of the SHTHE is performed by applying a novel metaheuristic algorithm which is the African vultures optimization algorithm (AVOA). Adopting the AVOA for the best-optimized value (least cost of heat exchanger) and the design parameters are realized, confirming all the constraints. It was found that the AVOA is able to pursue the best results among the rest of them and can be used for the cost optimization of the plate-fin and tube-fin heat exchanger case studies.
Mechanical and tribological properties of a WC-based HVOF spray coated brake disc
Authors: Kılıç Halil , Mısırlı Cenk , Mutlu İbrahim , Timur Mustafa
Published: August 2022

Thermally sprayed WC-based coating systems are generally used to increase engineering components’ wear resistance. This research presents the results of a comparative study conducted to examine the tribological characteristics of a new brake disc created with thermal sprayed WC-10Co4Cr coating. This study implemented braking tests on the WC-10Co4Cr coated brake disc against commercial friction material on a laboratory scale disc-pad tester and compared the findings with the reference disc. The coating system was created with a high velocity oxygen-fuel spraying on a cast iron disc. The braking tests followed the sections of the SAE-J2430 test procedure. The microstructure, phase composition and properties of the coating were characterized by SEM/EDS, XRD and Vickers microstructure. The effect of carbide coating on the friction and wear behaviour of the tribological system was examined. The WC-10Co4Cr coating has increased the hardness by 3 times with a thickness of 300 μm compared to the cast iron surface. The amount of wear in the coated disc (CD) was reduced by about 85% compared to the reference disc (BD). The coefficient of frictions of BD and CD was found to be in the range of 0.43–0.61 and 0.47–0.62, respectively. The inclusion of hard phases (WC and W2C) in the disc coating played an important role in improving the sliding wear resistance by maintaining the coefficient of friction of the brake disc at an acceptable level. In brief, carbide coating could be claimed to be promising for challenging braking implementations.
Contested Civic Spaces in Liberal Democracies
Authors: Strachwitz Rupert Graf , Toepler Stefan
Published: August 2022

In this introductory essay for the special issue on contested spaces in liberal democracies, we review how and to what extent the closing or shrinking space debate that has influenced the civil society discourse in authoritarian contexts presents an appropriate mode of analysis for similar, disconcerting developments that have been observed in liberal democracies. In particular, recent changes in Germany, Austria, Israel, and Greece are covered in this issue. We suggest that while shrinking space mechanisms are observable, civil society is nevertheless experiencing new activism and growth. In contrast to authoritarian regimes, spaces in liberal democracies are increasingly contested reflecting both a politization of issues that nonprofits, NGOs or CSOs are working on, such as migration and climate change, but also a new civic agency that expands the political dimensions of civil society, embracing its more political functions beyond traditional service delivery.
Clientele, Power and Family Bonds in Ancient Egypt: Building Social Links, Promoting Individual Strategies, Facing Kin Conflicts
Authors: Moreno García Juan Carlos
Published: August 2022

Ancient Egypt provides abundant evidence about family strategies used by the elite to assert their authority, enhance their power in competitive settings such as the royal court and to preserve their resources (economic, symbolic) in face of rivals and newcomers. However, when some individuals obtained particular benefits from their service to the state (land, rewards, high quality goods, prebends), they tried to preserve these gains within their nuclear family and to avoid any claim or interference from other members of their kin. Tensions rapidly erupted so kings made a selective use of rewards and honors to break the solidarity of potentially dangerous noble families, to induce rivalries between them and to keep his central role as mediator between factions and source of legitimate authority. Temples were ideal arenas in which such tensions and strategies manifested themselves, bringing thus the opportunity to analyze the actual construction of power in ancient Egypt beyond ideological expressions and rhetorical claims.
Divine Payoff: Genealogies, Parasites, and the House of Marduk
Authors: Götzelt Thomas
Published: August 2022

Overviews of social development in early southern Mesopotamia of the third to first millennium BCE, which prominently address the question of state formation, assume a trend toward ever-decreasing functionality of kinship attribution. The article attempts to justify in broad outlines, but by connecting one or the other finding, that this cannot be proven empirically and is theoretically implausible, considering that familiarity as a criterion of kinship was necessary to establish relationships of trust. This trust was the condition for the possibility of patronage and the imposition of power. The article investigates both by trying to find suitable social contexts in the early societies of this region by starting with cosmological designs. As actors of these mutual observations in the medium of power, the argumentation establishes the community and the Big Man, whose outsider position (but communal affiliation) it describes as parasitism. In terms of difference theory, the usual tendency to overlook the constitutive oscillation between communal participation and familial representation in these social systems by presupposing a concept of unity, such as a state, are thus shown to be misguided.
Inherited Political Structures in Ghana: What Role for Networks and Hierarchies in Explaining Their Efficiency?
Authors: Hahn Hans Peter , Gyedu Kwarkye Thompson
Published: August 2022

This paper starts from the fundamental assumption that many political structures in Sub Sahara Africa are characterized by both networks and hierarchies that are shaping interactions and relationships in a manifold of ways. Based on ethnographic evidence from Kpandai district in Ghana, this paper provides answers to questions of complementarity and competition. The plural legal system that exists at the micro levels enables female customary leadership that builds on hierarchical grounds to maintain horizontal relationships. Thus, while maintaining vertical structures through hierarchies, Nawuri women leaders act via networks as interconnected nodes and maintain their independence as social agents for the benefit of their communities. Their roles are complementing male leadership and ensure the flow of authority, establish power, and provide a sense of security in supporting local governance and human security at the grassroots level. In all fields mentioned, female leaders are relying on the horizontal flow of command, consensus and control to maintain their status and remain relevant at the micro levels. This paper concludes by noting that the female customary leaders will continue to use networks to provide basic services in the district. This will not only guarantee efficiency of political initiatives but also harness and sustainable use of local resources.
Threats of Force to Synchronize Organism, Consciousness, Society, and Technology
Authors: Baecker Dirk
Published: August 2022

The paper discusses the state as a one-off invention in human societies replacing threats of violence by threats of force. The paper sketches a cognitive studies approach to the analysis of social institutions by drawing attention to the necessary differentiation and integration of multiple systems references of organisms, minds, societies, and technologies as a minimal set of variables describing the micro-diversity of social behavior, action, and experience any institution will have to respond to. Both kinds of threats are considered to control such a micro-diversity within a certain ‘form’ the state assumes to exert power and legitimate it. The paper does not go into historical, archaeological, or ethnological detail, but restricts itself to presenting the form of the state as a heuristic possibly useful in historical, archaeological, or ethnological research.
Modern era of double perovskite nano-phosphors: La2MgTiO6, Gd2MgTiO6 and Y2MgTiO6 – a brief review
Authors: Veena Vannadil Puthiyaveetil , Shilpa Cherlan Kottianmadathil , Jasira Seere Valappil , Nissamudeen Kavukuzhi Meerasahib
Published: August 2022

Double perovskites, as a star material, are becoming a significant research domain due to their flexible structure, variable formulae, unique properties and wide applications. Trimming the materials into nano regime and introducing rare-earth integration would improve their properties and broaden their applications. The main purpose of this work lies in the comparison of luminescence properties of double perovskite nanophosphors La2MgTiO6 (LMT), Gd2MgTiO6 (GMT) and Y2MgTiO6 (YMT). A detailed list of numerous excitation and corresponding emission wave lengths are discussed. Various synthesis methods adopted for the fusion of these materials, which are reported till this date, are also considered. This study shall assist the scientific community to identify the suitable host for luminescent applications in the field of lighting, displays, illumination, biological imaging, biological sensing etc.
Are Firms Following Through on Their Carbon Pledges With Effective Carbon Management?A Case Study of Sky Group
Authors: Scott Anna , Dargusch Paul , Hill Genia
Published: August 2022

Effective carbon management in private industries is essential due to the significant emissions from corporations across the globe. Investigation and monitoring of carbon management strategies in large corporations, such as Sky Group, is needed to meet the Paris targets. Sky Group has provided Scope 1, 2 and 3 estimates since 2018. The firm has implemented various carbon management strategies to reduce these emissions, including sourcing 100% renewable energy, submitting pledges to the Science-Based Reduction Targets Initiative and improving the accuracy of carbon emissions estimation methods. We conclude that Sky Group’s carbon management is a respectable example for other firms to follow. Suggested improvements include further investigation into reducing emissions produced by employee commuting, as well as continual increasing of on-site renewable energy.
Surveillance for Pancreatic Cancer in Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Chang Jae Hyuck
Published: August 2022

Pancreatic cancer can arise in the background of chronic pancreatitis (CP). The relative risks for pancreatic cancer in CP vary considerably according to other contributing factors such as disease duration, excess alcohol consumption, tobacco consumption, eating habits, physical activity, and late-onset diabetes. The incidence of pancreatic cancer is estimated to be about 10 per 105 per year, and the incidence and prevalence of CP are estimated to be 5-12 per 105 and 50 per 105 per year, respectively. The pooled relative risk estimates for pancreatic cancer in CP patients range from 2.7 to 13.3. Subsets of CP subjects with a family history of pancreatic cancer or those with newly developed diabetes over the age of 50 have a higher risk for pancreatic cancer. However, the prevalence of pancreatic cancer is not high enough to justify general screening of the adult CP population. Thus, it is necessary to select subsets of CP cohorts with a significantly high risk of pancreatic cancer. We need a better overall disease model that can define the interaction of multiple risk factors and their cumulative or potential effects on pancreatic cancer.
Multi-Center Study on Gender Difference in Resectability and Pathologic Prognosis of Gallbladder Cancer
Authors: Park Yang Tae , Kang Jinhyong , Kim Jae Seon , Jung Min Kyu , Kim Seong Hun , Cho Jae Hee , Woo Sang Myung , Lee Kyong Joo , Kim Eui Joo , Kim Hyo Jung
Published: August 2022

Background/Aim: In gallbladder cancer (GBC), gender differences in incidence and mortality rates have been reported with geographic variation. However, there is little known about sex-related difference in GBC prognosis. This study compares prognostic factors according to gender for GBC.Methods: We searched clinicopathological factors in all stages of 952 GBC patients from seven medical centers in Korea. A total of 927 patients were enrolled and surgery with curative resection was performed in 499 patients.Results: Carbohydrate antigen (≥37 U/mL) was a significant prognostic factor in both females and males (odd ratio [OR], 4.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.13-5.89; p<0.001). Age was a significant factor only in female patients, elderly patients were associated with low resectability and the likelihood of T-stage >2; an independent predictor of poor prognosis via multivariate analysis (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.05; p=0.005, OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02-1.08; p=0.002). Body mass index (BMI) also showed gender difference, and lower BMI (≤25 kg/m2) was the significant good indicator of multivariate analysis for lymph node metastasis in female patients (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.23-0.77; p=0.005) but, the significant poor indicator of univariate analysis for advanced T-stage in male (OR, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.40-5.54; p=0.003).Conclusions: These results suggest that there is a possibility of gender difference in GBC prognosis. Age and high BMI were poor prognostic factors for curative resection for female GBC patients.
Use of a Cutting Balloon Dilation as a Rescue Therapy in Patients with Benign Bilioenteric Anastomotic Strictures Refractory to Conventional Balloon Dilation
Authors: Lee Jong Hyun , Kim Dong Uk , Han Sung Yong , Kim Gwang Ha , Seo Hyung Il , Hong Seung Baek , Kim Suk , Kim Chang Won
Published: August 2022

Percutaneous balloon dilation with or without placement of an external biliary drain is a nonoperative alternative method for treating benign bilioenteric anastomotic strictures. Although this procedure has a high technical success rate, outcomes are less optimal when attempting to dilate refractory tight strictures. For the stricture, cutting balloon can be an option. We present four patients with benign bilioenteric anastomotic strictures refractory to conventional balloon dilation. To the patients, a peripheral cutting balloon over-the-wire system was inflated, following subsequent conventional non-compliant balloon dilation. After the balloon dilation treatment, an external drainage catheter was placed through the stricture site and maintained for up to 30 days. Technical and end-treatment success was achieved in all four patients. In conclusion, the use of cutting balloon dilation may appear to be a safe and effective alternative method of treatment in patients with benign bilioenteric anastomotic strictures refractory to conventional balloon dilation.
Delayed Hemobilia Caused by Penetration of Biliary Plastic Stent into Portal Vein
Authors: Kang Jinhyong , Park Yang Tae , Kim Hyo Jung , Kim Jae Seon
Published: August 2022

Biliary stent migration is one of the late complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Most of the biliary stent migration is asymptomatic and successfully managed by stent removal. A 66-year-old man with unresectable pancreatic cancer, common bile duct obstruction, and duodenal third portion obstruction underwent endoscopic plastic biliary stent placement and duodenal uncovered metallic stent placement in two separate sessions. After 3 weeks from the duodenal stenting, he presented with hematemesis. Urgent esophagogastroduodenoscopy and magnetic resonance imaging showed hemobilia. The patient recovered with conservative managements. Cross-sectional imagings done 2 months later demonstrated the penetration of the biliary stent into portal vein. Here, we present a case of delayed hemobilia caused by penetration of biliary plastic stent into the portal vein.
Treatment algorithm in Vancouver B2 periprosthetic hip fractures: osteosynthesis vs revision arthroplasty
Authors: González-Martín David , Pais-Brito José Luis , González-Casamayor Sergio , Guerra-Ferraz Ayron , Ojeda-Jiménez Jorge , Herrera-Pérez Mario
Published: August 2022

There is currently a debate on whether all Vancouver B2 periprosthetic hip fractures should be revised.

The aim of our work was to establish a decision-making algorithm that helps to decide whether open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) or revision arthroplasty (RA) should be performed in these patients.

Relative indications in favour of ORIF are low-medium functional demand (Parker mobility score (PMS) <5), high anaesthetic risk (American Society of Anesthesiologists score (ASA) ≥ 3), many comorbidities (Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) ≥ 5), 1 zone fractured (VB2.1), anatomical reconstruction possible, and no prior loosening (hip pain).

Relative indications in favour of RA are high functional demand (PMS ≥6), low anaesthetic risk (ASA< 3), few comorbidities (CCI<5), fracture ≥ 2 zones (VB2.2), comminuted fractures, and prior loosening (hip pain).

In cemented stems, those fractures with fully intact cement–bone interface, no stem subsidence into the cementraliser, cement mantle anatomically reducible, and some partial stem-cement attachment can be safely treated with ORIF.