bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
«Стійка захисниця жіночого рівноправ’я» – В.М. Білоконська в жіночому русі початку 20 ст.
Authors: Nikolaienko Olga
Published: January 2024

Метою статті є визначення внеску В.М. Білоконської у розвиток жіночого руху, його значення в зміні соціального становища жінок.

Наукова новизна. Встановлено значення зусиль В. Білоконської у формуванні жіночого ліберального руху в Україні на початку ХХ ст., що полягало в об’єднанні жінок заради підвищення рівня освіти, посередництва при працевлаштуванні, залучення жінок у громадське життя міста, надання їм можливості поєднувати роботу та материнство.

Висновки. Охарактеризовано діяльність В.М. Білоконської у Харківських Товариствах поширення грамотності (1900-1910) і взаємодопомоги працюючих жінок (1904-1910). Виявлено, що провідними напрямками роботи В. Білоконської були інформаційно-просвітницька діяльність і працевлаштування жінок, яким вона надавала систематизований, комплексний характер. Ці громадські ініціативи не відповідали передовим феміністичним ідеям початку ХХ ст., але були продовженням ліберального руху, спрямованого на допомогу жінкам у пристосуванні до існуючих суспільних умов.

Намагаючись поширити та поліпшити жіночу освіту, в тому числі через влаштування професійних курсів, гімназії, ВЖК, Товариство взаємодопомоги, очолюване В.М. Білоконською, намагалось не тільки вивести жінок із приватного середовища, але й перетворити їх у конкурентоздатну соціальну групу на ринку праці. Влаштування Бюро праці, що надавало посередницькі послуги у працевлаштуванні, стало реальним кроком допомоги для жінок. Інші ініціативи Товариства – влаштування дешевого дитячого садку, що мав звільнити час жінок і надати їм можливість працювати та дешевої їдальні, здатної полегшити домашню працю, свідчать про усвідомлення необхідності соціального захисту жінок.

Праця В.М. Білоконської у довідково-педагогічному відділі Товариства поширення грамотності і на посаді очільниці Товариства взаємодопомоги працюючих жінок доводить її прагнення поєднати власне світобачення, що ґрунтувалось на усвідомленні необхідності допомагати найбільш уразливим групам населення, і самореалізацію свого потенціалу та ініціативності з назрілими суспільними потребами. Ініціативи В.М. Білоконської у сфері поширення інформації чи влаштування Бюро праці випереджали час, а її діяльність сприяла консолідації жіночого руху та зміні статусу жінок.
Роман Бжеський про причини поразки Української революції 1917-1921 років
Authors: Turchenko Fedir , Kalynichenko Valeriia
Published: January 2024

Мета статті. Дослідити погляди відомого діяча української діаспори, історика та публіциста Романа Бжеського на причини поразки Української революції 1917-1921 років.

Наукова новизна. Показано розуміння Романом Бжеським причин поразки Української революції 1917-1921 років і вплив цієї поразки на подальший розвиток України. Використані дослідницькі праці Р. Бжеського, спогади і теоретичні тексти, які ще не були об’єктом історичного аналізу.

Висновки. Роман Бжеський був послідовником ідеологів українського націоналізму Миколи Міхновського і Дмитра Донцова. Його аналітика причин поразки Української революції та кожного з окремо взятих національних урядів, які діяли у 1917-1921 роках – Української Центральної Ради, Гетьманату Скоропадського та Директорії УНР, –кардинально суперечила поглядам на цю проблему більшості керівників цих урядів. Головною причиною цього був політичний антагонізм між самостійником Р. Бжеським і більшістю тодішнього українського політичного істеблішменту.

У своїх спогадах та історико-публіцистичних працях Р. Бжеський прагнув довести, що Україна мала необхідно об’єктивні передумови для перетворення у незалежну, успішну європейську державу, і що цього прагнув український народ. Трагедія Української революції, на його переконання, полягала в тому, що її очолювали особи, які не мислили майбутнього України, як цілком європейської самостійної держави, незалежної від Росії в економічному, політичному та соціокультурному сенсі. Р. Бжеський був переконаний, що на жодні поступки українському руху російський політичний клас і російський соціум не погодиться. Категорична риторика, звинувачувальний тон висловлювань автора, які поєднуються з точними оцінками причин подій, особистостей і політичних процесів, є характерною особливістю його рефлексій.
Зернові операції в українських портах під час голоду 1921-1923 років
Authors: Baikienich Dmytro
Published: January 2024

Метою статті є історико-економічний аналіз зернових операцій в українських портах під час голоду 1921-1923 років.

Наукова новизна роботи полягає у комплексній реконструкції експортно-імпортних і гуманітарних зернових операцій в українських портах, висвітленні процесу відновлення портової інфраструктури для потреб транзиту збіжжя під час голоду 1921-1923 років.

Висновки. Проведений історико-економічний аналіз зернових операцій в українських портах протягом 1921-1923 рр. руйнує стереотипи про стале та стабільне функціонування портової інфраструктури, яке було направлене винятково на морський вивіз збіжжя з України. У 1921 р. українські порти були долучені до вивезення хлібу з українських губерній до РСФРР (внутрішній експорт). Ключову роль у цьому процесі відіграли річкові та невеликі морські порти. Їх інфраструктура використовувалася для акумуляції збіжжя та його перевантаження з суден до залізничних вагонів.

У 1922 р. Одеський порт було долучено до прийому іноземного гуманітарного хлібу та купленого насіння (імпорт). Це було викликано поширенням голоду в Поволжі та нагальною необхідністю у додаткових місцях розвантаження допомоги з наступним її вивезенням до Росії. Крім того, з усіх портів тільки Одеський відповідав необхідним умовам прийому й обслуговування великих суден. Його залучення до транзиту гуманітарного збіжжя вплинуло на визнання голоду в Україні та на початок надання постраждалим губерніям закордонної допомоги. Інші азовські та чорноморські порти приймали менш тонажні іноземні пароплави. Також вони використовувалися як транзитні пункти, отриманого з Одеси допомогового хлібу та насіння з подальшою доставкою їх до голодуючих повітів України.

Водночас із прийомом гуманітарного хлібу наприкінці 1922 р. комуністичний режим через українські порти відновив вивіз зернових (експорт). Домінуюча роль у цьому процесі закріпилася за Миколаївським портом, який мав відповідну інфраструктуру. Зрештою, орієнтуючись на наступну експортну кампанію, на початку 1923 р. розпочалась підготовка акваторії та інфраструктури всіх українських портів. Загалом, зернові операції були одним із головних чинників, що вплинули на відновлення функціонування українських портів під час голоду 1921-1923 рр.
Information and psychological warfare in the context of the war between Azerbaijan and Armenia
Authors: Talishinsky Elvin
Published: January 2024

The purpose of the paper is to highlight the development of information-psychological warfare, its history, concepts, technologies and methods, which are one of the most important areas of work in the field of international relations. The concept of ‘information warfare’ has concentrated a number of phenomena from the sphere of mass communications and during the 20th century was called various terms, such as ‘disinformation’, ‘propaganda’, ‘psychological warfare’, ‘psychological operations’.

Within the scope of the study, the importance of psychological warfare in today’s context has been examined using the example of Azerbaijan and Armenia. It has been emphasized how Armenia effectively employed psychological warfare tactics and propaganda to gain an advantageous position in the late 20th century. In the early 21st century, the significance of Azerbaijan gaining a superior position in psychological warfare and using propaganda effectively has been discussed. Additionally, the article delves into the importance of using white propaganda during psychological warfare and the drawbacks of black propaganda within the context of the psychological warfare between Azerbaijan and Armenia.

The novelty of the paper lies in a comprehensive analysis of information and psychological warfare and operations in the context of the Azerbaijan-Armenian conflict.

Conclusions. In the 20th century information and psychological warfare and operations became part of the military policy of states. Now, due to the current situation on the world stage, the methods and means of conducting information warfare are changing and every year they are reaching a higher level. It can also be stated that in the 21st century, information wars have become more widespread. In summary, the historical context and evolution of information warfare demonstrate its enduring significance as a tool for states to achieve their strategic and political goals. As technology and global politics continue to evolve, information warfare is likely to remain a key component of statecraft and international relations.
United States – Azerbaijan Relations (1991-2020)
Authors: Garashova Sabina
Published: January 2024

The purpose of the paper is to thoroughly investigate the intricate relationship between the United States and Azerbaijan from 1991 to 2020, considering diplomatic, political, economic, and security dimensions. Emphasizing the pivotal role of Russian Federation in the South Caucasus, the research seeks to provide a holistic understanding of the factors influencing U.S.-Azerbaijan relations, offering valuable insights into evolving geopolitical dynamics over the three crucial decades.

The novelty of the paper lies in its in-depth exploration of three decades of U.S.-Azerbaijan relations, the study provides unique insights into the evolving dynamics, contributing a comprehensive analysis of the multifaceted relationship.

Conclusions. The author identifies 4 periods of US-Azerbaijan relations in 1991-2020: 1) 1991-2001, 2) 2001-2007, 3) 2007-2015, and 4) 2015-2020.

From 1991 to 2001, the United States underwent a transformative phase in its policy towards Azerbaijan, marked by an increased focus on regional stability and economic partnerships through energy initiatives like the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline. Security concerns in the South Caucasus also influenced policy decisions, while considerations of democracy and human rights were weighed against broader strategic imperatives. This period set the foundation for subsequent shifts in U.S. policy towards Azerbaijan.

In 2001-2007, U.S. policy towards Azerbaijan underwent significant changes, prioritizing the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline and intensifying efforts in combatting international terrorism. The Global War on Terror played a crucial role, leading to strengthened U.S.-Azerbaijan relations, though democracy promotion took a back seat to energy and security interests.

The period from 2007 to 2015 saw a nuanced shift, with decreased U.S. focus on energy and security, increased attention to democracy and human rights, and challenges arising from Azerbaijan’s opposition to the Turkish-Armenian Rapprochement. Azerbaijan’s strategic concerns regarding Nagorno-Karabakh intensified, and U.S. engagement faced limitations in influencing regional outcomes.

Between 2015 and 2020, U.S. policy towards Azerbaijan further disengaged across energy, security, and democracy promotion dimensions, influenced by factors like the unconventional oil and gas revolution, decreasing Central Asia significance, rising isolationism, and the Trump administration’s priorities. The U.S. response to regional dynamics, notably the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, showcased a trend of reduced involvement.
Estudio técnico económico para implementación de paneles fotovoltaicos interconectados a la red de distribución
Authors:   Instituto Superior Tecnológico El Libertador, Yallico Tapia Angela Pamela , Cáceres Mayorga Paúl Alejandro ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Ríos Encalada Jorge Alfredo ,   Instituto Superior Tecnológico El Libertador, Segovia Toscano Paola Belén ,   Instituto Superior Tecnológico El Libertador
Published: January 2024

El presente trabajo realiza un estudio técnico económico para la instalación de un sistema de generación distribuida para autoabastecimiento utilizando paneles fotovoltaicos con el propósito de generar energía eléctrica para uso comercial interconectado a la red de distribución. En este sentido, la metodología presenta un escenario completo con análisis de sistemas solares fotovoltaicos que pueden suplir las necesidades del usuario en el sector comercial reduciendo los costos de la factura eléctrica y la implementación con recuperación de la inversión a largo plazo. Cabe destacar, que la inversión en sistemas solares fotovoltaicos en Guaranda - Bolívar y sus productos adicionales serían compensados por el ahorro generado a través del uso de esta tecnología, incentivando a que comercios similares opten por los beneficios de instalar sistemas solares fotovoltaicos interconectados a la red y en cumplimiento con la normativa vigente acorde a la resolución No. ARCERNNR-001/2021 en el Ecuador.
Lower limb electromyographic characteristics and implications of taekwondo roundhouse kick “hit” and “miss” actions
Authors: Sun Jianbo , Wang Yifei , Dong Delong
Published: January 2024

To compare the muscular characteristics of “hit” and “miss” actions in roundhouse kicks among taekwondo athletes, and explore the similarities, differences, and implications for training, motion tests were conducted on ten taekwondo athletes using Noraxon32 and VICON. The results showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in integrated electromyography (EMG) during the initiation and kicking phases between “miss” and “hit” actions. However, during the retraction phase, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in the left rectus femoris, left peroneus longus, right biceps femoris, right semitendinosus, and right tibialis anterior muscles. The tibialis anterior muscle of the swinging leg was activated first in the “hit” action, while the biceps femoris was activated first in the “miss” action. The supporting-side rectus femoris was activated first in the “hit” action, whereas it was the biceps femoris in the “miss” action. In both techniques, the gluteus maximus was the last muscle to be activated. The “miss” action had a longer cycle, and the duration of muscle work was longer than in the “hit” action. During the retraction phase of the front leg roundhouse kick, the muscles worked more than during the kicking phase, with the erector spinae and tibialis anterior being the core force-producing muscles in both techniques, characterized by high EMG values and long activation times. In the “miss” action, the thigh muscles drove the calf muscles, while the “hit” action exhibited the opposite pattern. “Hit” actions had a faster cycle compared to “miss,” with greater force generation in “miss.” The hip flexors and knee extensors of the kicking leg were the core force-producing muscles during the kicking process, determining the effectiveness and completion of the action.
Engineered three-dimensional bioactive scaffold for enhanced bone regeneration through modulating transplanted adipose derived mesenchymal stem cell and stimulating angiogenesis
Authors: Wang Gan , Cui Yutao , Leng Yi , Sun Shouye , Yuan Baoming , Liu He , Peng Chuangang , Wu Dankai
Published: January 2024

Titanium alloy materials are commonly used in orthopedic clinical treatments. However, conventional titanium implants usually lead to insufficient bone regeneration and integration because of mismatched biomechanics and poor bioactivities. To tackle these challenges, a porous titanium alloy scaffold with suitable mechanical properties was prepared using three-dimensional (3D) printing, and then an adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADSC) loaded platelet-rich plasma (PRP) gel was placed into the pores of the porous scaffold to construct a bioactive scaffold with dual functions of enhancing angiogenesis and osteogenesis. This bioactive scaffold showed good biocompatibility and supported cell viability proliferation and morphology of encapsulated ADSCs. Osteogenic and angiogenic growth factors in the PRP gel promoted the migration and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro and enhanced osteogenic-related gene and protein expression in ADSCs, thus promoting osteogenic differentiation. After implantation into the femoral defects of rabbits, the bioactive scaffold promoted vascular network formation and the expression of osteogenesis-related proteins, thus effectively accelerating bone regeneration. Therefore, the osteogenic and angiogenic bioactive scaffold comprising a 3D printed porous titanium alloy scaffold, PRP, and ADSCs provides a promising design for orthopedic biomaterials with clinical transformation prospects and an effective strategy for bone defect treatment.
Treatment of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw with cell therapy
Authors: Bouland Cyril Lucien , Javadian Rokneddine , Gilis Sarah , Yanni Antoine , Le Clercq Maxime , Mestrallet Pierre , Kampouridis Stelianos , Bron Dominique , Lalmand Martin , Vanden Eynden Xavier , Boutremans Edward , Dequanter Didier , Loeb Isabelle , Philippart Pierre , Lagneaux Laurence , Meuleman Nathalie
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) poses a significant challenge considering the absence of a “gold standard” treatment. Cell-based therapy and tissue engineering offer promising therapeutic alternatives. This study aimed to harness the regenerative properties of adipose-tissue stromal vascular fraction (AT-SVF) and leukocyte-platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) for MRONJ treatment. AT-SVF contains mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPC), which promote bone formation, while the L-PRF scaffold can serve as a three-dimensional scaffold for the AT-SVF and support tissue healing through growth factor release.

Materials and methods: The protocol involved applying autologous AT-SVF within an L-PRF matrix following surgical debridement. Age, gender, body mass index, comorbidities, underlying oncological condition, prescribed antiresorptive treatment: BP or DMB, antiresorptive treatment duration, antiresorptive treatment potential discontinuation, number of MRONJ lesion, MRONJ location, MRONJ stage, MRONJ trigger factor were assessed for each patient. Patients underwent the procedure and were monitored for a minimum of 6 months based on clinical, biological and medical imaging criteria.

Results: Nine patients, with a total of ten MRONJ lesions, participated in the study. Six patients were female, and three were male, with a mean age of 68 ± 8 years. Four patients had multiple myeloma (MM), three had metastatic breast cancer, and two had metastatic prostate cancer. Seven MRONJ cases were classified as stage II, and three were classified as stage III. Soft tissue completely healed within a month after treatment in nine cases, with no clinical improvement observed in the remaining case. During follow-up, no sign of MRONJ recurrence was observed. Tridimensional medical imaging revealed bone healing 6 months after the surgical procedure. Immunophenotyping confirmed the presence of MSC and EPC in the AT-SVF: 12,6 ± 4,5% CD31+, 20.5 ± 7,8% CD34+, 34,4 ± 7,3% CD146+ and 54,6 ± 7,4% CD45+.

Conclusion: This prospective study introduces a potential new treatment approach for MRONJ using autologous AT-SVF within an L-PRF scaffold. Our results are encouraging and suggest the need for further investigation with a larger patient cohort to better understand the underlying mechanisms.
Left ventricular assist device and transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair in advanced heart failure: allies or enemies?
Authors: Valente S. , Sciaccaluga C. , Sorini Dini C. , Righini F. M. , Cameli M. , Bernazzali S. , Maccherini M. , Tarzia V. , Gerosa G.
Published: January 2024

The implantation of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) has been increasing, with good long-term results, in parallel with a growing population with advanced heart failure (HF). However, in some European countries, LVADs are still underused, with one of the main issues being the patient's late referral. On the contrary, the use of transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair (TEER) has exponentially increased over the past decade, expanding its potential use even in patients on the heart transplantation waiting list. Even though the study populations of the main trials that investigated the prognostic impact of LVAD and TEER are different, in clinical practice a clear distinction might not be so clear. Therefore, patients with refractory HF symptoms and significant mitral regurgitation should be thoroughly evaluated through a multidisciplinary Heart Team meeting with both an advanced HF specialist and interventional cardiologist, to avoid futile procedures and to define the optimal timing for advanced HF therapies, when they are indicated. We analyzed the main available studies and registries on both TEERs and LVADs and we compared their populations and outcomes, to provide the current evidence on the use of LVAD and TEER in the HF population, especially in the light of the recently released 5-year follow-up results, giving some insights on the Italian situation, and finally to stress the importance of a solid HF network between hospitals, aiming for advanced HF patients’ timely referral for LVAD or heart transplants.
Examining differences in time to appointment and no-show rates between rural telehealth users and non-users
Authors: Pullyblank Kristin , Krupa Nicole , Scribani Melissa , Chapman Amanda , Kern Megan , Brunner Wendy
Published: January 2024

Background

Telehealth has undergone widespread implementation since 2020 and is considered an invaluable tool to improve access to healthcare, particularly in rural areas. However, telehealth's applicability may be limited for certain populations including those who live in rural, medically underserved communities. While broadband access is a recognized barrier, other important factors including age and education influence a person's ability or preference to engage with telehealth via video telehealth or a patient portal. It remains unclear the degree to which these digital technologies lead to disparities in access to care.

Purpose

The purpose of this analysis is to determine if access to healthcare differs for telehealth users compared with non-users.

Methods

Using electronic health record data, we evaluated differences in “time to appointment” and “no-show rates” between telehealth users and non-users within an integrated healthcare network between August 2021 and January 2022. We limited analysis to patient visits in endocrinology or outpatient behavioral health departments. We analyzed new patients and established patients separately.

Results

Telehealth visits were associated with shorter time to appointment for new and established patients in endocrinology and established patients in behavioral health, as well as with lower no-show rates for established patients in both departments.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that those who are unwilling or unable to engage with telehealth may have more difficulty accessing timely care.
Efficacy and safety of Gegen Qinlian decoction in the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Tan YiMei , Liu ShuangHua , Huang MengHe , Cheng Hui , Xu BinBin , Luo HongSheng , Tang QiZhi
Published: January 2024

Aim

The study aims to systematically assess the efficacy and safety of Gegen Qinlian decoction in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods

We systematically searched a total of nine databases from the time of creation to 20 March 2023. The quality of the literature was assessed using the risk of bias assessment tool in the Cochrane Handbook. RevMan 5. 3 and Stata 14.0 were applied to conduct meta-analysis.

Results

A total of 17 studies, encompassing 1,476 patients, were included in the study. Gegen Qinlian decoction combined with conventional treatment was found to significantly reduce FBG (MD = −0.69 mmol/L, 95% CI −0.84 to −0.55, p < 0.01; I2 = 67%, p<0.01), 2hPG (MD = −0.97 mmol/L, 95% CI −1.13 to −0.81, p < 0.01; I2 = 37%, p=0.09), HbA1c (MD = −0.65%, 95% CI −0.78 to −0.53, p < 0.01; I2 = 71%, p<0.01), TC (MD = −0.51 mmol/L, 95% CI −0.62 to −0.41, p < 0.01; I2 = 45%, p=0.09), TG (MD = −0.17mmol/L, 95% CI −0.29 to −0.05, p < 0.01; I2 = 78%, p<0.01), LDL-C (MD = −0.38mmol/L, 95% CI −0.53 to −0.23, p < 0.01; I2 = 87%, p<0.01), HOMA-IR (SMD = −1.43, 95% CI −2.32 to −0.54, p < 0.01; I2 = 94%, p<0.01), and improved HDL-C (MD = 0.13 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.09–0.17, p < 0.01; I2 = 30%, p=0.24). Only three studies explored the differences in efficacy between GQD alone and conventional treatment in improving glucose–lipid metabolism and insulin resistance, and some of the outcome indicators, such as 2hPG and HDL-C, were examined in only one study. Therefore, the effect of GQD alone on glucose–lipid metabolism and insulin resistance cannot be fully determined, and more high-quality studies are needed to verify it. Publication bias analysis revealed no bias in the included studies.

Conclusion

Gegen Qinlian Decoction has certain efficacy and safety in enhancing glycolipid metabolism and alleviating insulin resistance, potentially serving as a complementary therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Rigorous, large-sample, multicenter RCTs are needed to verify this.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023413758, PROSPERO CRD42023413758.
An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of testosterone replacement therapy on erectile function and prostate
Authors: Xu Zhunan , Chen Xiangyu , Zhou Hang , Ren Congzhe , Wang Qihua , Pan Yang , Liu Li , Liu Xiaoqiang
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is a generally accepted method treating for aging-related late-onset hypogonadism (LOH). However, the efficacy and safety of TRT remain controversial. An updated systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the effectiveness and security of TRT treating for LOH.

Methods

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of TRT for LOH were searched in the databases of Pubmed, Embase, Clinicaltrials.gov and Cochrane from 1990 to 2023 and an updated meta-analysis was conducted.

Results

The results of 28 RCTs involving 3461 patients were included and scrutinized in this analysis. Among these, 11 RCTs were of long-term duration (≥12 months), while 18 RCTs were short-term studies (<12 months) comparing TRT with a placebo. TRT modalities comprised injection, oral administration, and transdermal administration. International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) (Weighted Mean difference (WMD) 3.26; 95%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.65—4.88; P<0.0001) was obviously improved in the TRT group. International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) (WMD 0.00; 95% CI -0.45—0.45; P=1.0), Prostate Volume (PV) (WMD 0.38; 95% CI -0.64—1.41; P=0.46), Maximum Flow Rate (Qmax) (WMD 1.86; 95% CI -0.98—4.69; P=0.20), Postvoid Residual Urine Volume (PVR) (WMD 3.20; 95% CI -5.87—12.28; P=0.49) and Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) (WMD 0.08; 95% CI -0.00—0.17; P=0.06) were not significantly statistical between two groups.

Conclusion

This meta-analysis reveals that TRT could improve the IIEF score of hypogonadal men without detriment to the IPSS score, PV, Qmax, PVR and PSA regardless of the administration method or duration of treatment.

The meta-analysis was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42023413434).
Trait-related functional changes in understory forest community after invasion are driven by complementarity rather than displacement
Authors: Petri Laís , Ibáñez Inés
Published: January 2024

Forests support a variety of functions essential for the provisioning of ecosystem services. However, invasive plants can disrupt forest functioning, particularly in temperate forest understories that commonly experience invasive plant encroachment, by altering community-level trait distributions. Invasive plants, frequently characterized by acquisitive traits such as higher specific leaf area and nitrogen content, may either outcompete native species with different trait values (displacement), or add trait values to the existing community (complementarity). Therefore, complementarity may still allow restoration of the original community function by removing invasive species, and consequently the added provision of function when compared to the natives, but displacement may not. While understanding which process occurs is critical in managing ecosystem functionality, little is known about the impact of invasion on the co-occurring native community trait distributions. To address this knowledge gap, we leveraged survey data on temperate forest understories that varied in their degree of invasion (i.e., gradient of invasion). We calculated the community-weighted mean of three leaf traits: leaf nitrogen, specific leaf area, and leaf dry matter content – traits strongly linked to invasion, sensitive to environmental changes, and that affect ecosystem functions. Our findings show that increasing invasion had a significant positive effect on total (native and invasive) community leaf nitrogen, but did not alter native community trait distributions. This suggests that potential impacts on ecosystem functions, such as increased primary productivity and nitrogen cycling, would be primarily driven by trait complementarity and not displacement. We did not find any significant differences in the total or native communities with respect to specific leaf area or leaf dry matter content. Differentiating trait displacement from trait complementarity contributes to our understanding of how invasion affects functionality of understory plant communities in forests. Additionally, it provides a valuable framework to facilitate evidence-based decisions for the management of ecosystem functionality.
Genome-wide analysis of the Siboney de Cuba cattle breed: genetic characterization and framing with cattle breeds worldwide
Authors: Cendron Filippo , Ledesma-Rodríguez Anel , Mastrangelo Salvatore , Sardina Maria Teresa , Díaz-Herrera Dervel Felipe , Uffo Reinosa Odalys , Cassandro Martino , Penasa Mauro
Published: January 2024

Crossbreeding has been employed to address environmental challenges. One successful example is the Siboney de Cuba, developed in response to economic challenges in the 1960s. The aim of this study was to perform the first genomic characterization of the Siboney de Cuba breed, a successful hybrid breed resulting from the crossbreeding of Cuban Zebu and Holstein, using SNP array chip. For this purpose, 48 Siboney de Cuba cattle samples were collected and genotyped with the GGP Bovine 100k BeadChip, resulting in 83,314 SNPs after quality control. The genetic diversity was investigated using observed and expected heterozygosity, inbreeding coefficient, and minor allele frequency. Runs of homozygosity (ROH) analysis provided insights into molecular inbreeding. Additionally, the study investigated copy number variants (CNV), identifying CNV regions and their distribution. The genetic relationship and population structure of Siboney de Cuba were analyzed in comparison with worldwide cattle populations using ADMIXTURE, multidimensional scaling, and phylogenetic analysis. Six ROH islands containing a total of 50 genes were discovered, some of which were uncharacterized loci. Furthermore, 792 CNV with higher occurrence of genetic material loss were observed. The overall genome coverage for CNV regions was 2.16%. The Siboney de Cuba exhibited a good level of genetic variability with high heterozygosity and low inbreeding when compared with other cattle breeds worldwide. Also, the breed shared genetic similarity to hybrids from America and Bos indicus from Africa and highlighted a moderate level of genetic isolation with some overlaps with Bos taurus from America. The breed showed a complex genetic composition, influenced by historical factors. Overall, findings of the present study contribute to the understanding of genomic structure of Siboney de Cuba cattle breed.
Gut microbes in central nervous system development and related disorders
Authors: Gan Yumeng , Chen Yao , Zhong Huijie , Liu Zhuo , Geng Jiawei , Wang Huishan , Wang Wenxue
Published: January 2024

The association between gut microbiota and central nervous system (CNS) development has garnered significant research attention in recent years. Evidence suggests bidirectional communication between the CNS and gut microbiota through the brain-gut axis. As a long and complex process, CNS development is highly susceptible to both endogenous and exogenous factors. The gut microbiota impacts the CNS by regulating neurogenesis, myelination, glial cell function, synaptic pruning, and blood-brain barrier permeability, with implication in various CNS disorders. This review outlines the relationship between gut microbiota and stages of CNS development (prenatal and postnatal), emphasizing the integral role of gut microbes. Furthermore, the review explores the implications of gut microbiota in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder, Rett syndrome, and Angelman syndrome, offering insights into early detection, prompt intervention, and innovative treatments.
Genetic variations in NLRP3 and NLRP12 genes in adult-onset patients with autoinflammatory diseases: a comparative study
Authors: Yun Mark , Deng Zuoming , Navetta-Modrov Brianne , Xin Baozhong , Yang Jie , Nomani Hafsa , Aroniadis Olga , Gorevic Peter D. , Yao Qingping
Published: January 2024

Objectives

Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome or NLRP3-associated autoinflammatory disease (NLRP3-AID) and NLRP12-AID are both Mendelian disorders with autosomal dominant inheritance. Both diseases are rare, primarily reported in the pediatric population, and are thought to be phenotypically indistinguishable. We provide the largest cohort of adult-onset patients and compared these diseases and the gene variant frequency to population controls.

Methods

A cohort of adult patients with AIDs were retrospectively studied. All underwent molecular testing for periodic fever syndrome gene panels after extensive and negative workups for systemic autoimmune and other related diseases. Patients were divided into Group 1- NLRP3-AID patients with NLRP3 variants (N=15), Group 2- NLRP12-AID with NLRP12 variants (N=14) and Group 3- both NLRP3 and NLRP12 (N=9) variants. Exome sequence data of two large control populations including the ARIC study were used to compare gene variant distribution and frequency.

Results

All 38 patients were Caucasian with women accounting for 82%. Median age at diagnosis was 41 ± 23 years and the disease duration at diagnosis was 14 ± 13 years. We identified statistically significant differences between the groups, notably that gastrointestinal symptoms as well as evaluations for same were significantly more frequent in patients with NLRP12 variants, and headaches/dizziness were less common among the NLRP12 patients. Livedo reticularis was noted in four patients, exclusively among NLRP12 carriers. Over 50% of patients in Groups 1 and 2 carry low-frequency disease-associated variants, while the remaining carry rare variants. We unprecedently identified digenic variants, i.e., the coexistence of NLRP3 and NLRP12, which were either both low frequency or low frequency/rare. Allele frequencies of all variants identified in our cohort were either absent or significantly lower in the control populations, further strengthening the evidence of susceptibility of these variants to SAID phenotypes.

Conclusion

Our comparative study shows that both NLRP3-AID and NLRP12-AID share similar clinical phenotypes, yet there are significant differences between them with regard to gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms. A spectrum of high to low genetic variations in both genes can contribute to SAID individually or in combination.
Integrated analysis reveals crosstalk between pyroptosis and immune regulation in renal fibrosis
Authors: Bai Fengxia , Han Longchao , Yang Jifeng , Liu Yuxiu , Li Xiangmeng , Wang Yaqin , Jiang Ruijian , Zeng Zhaomu , Gao Yan , Zhang Haisong
Published: January 2024

Purpose

The pathogenesis of renal fibrosis (RF) involves intricate interactions between profibrotic processes and immune responses. This study aimed to explore the potential involvement of the pyroptosis signaling pathway in immune microenvironment regulation within the context of RF. Through comprehensive bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation, we investigated the influence of pyroptosis on the immune landscape in RF.

Methods

We obtained RNA-seq datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases and identified Pyroptosis-Associated Regulators (PARs) through literature reviews. Systematic evaluation of alterations in 27 PARs was performed in RF and normal kidney samples, followed by relevant functional analyses. Unsupervised cluster analysis revealed distinct pyroptosis modification patterns. Using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), we examined the correlation between pyroptosis and immune infiltration. Hub regulators were identified via weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) and further validated in a single-cell RNA-seq dataset. We also established a unilateral ureteral obstruction-induced RF mouse model to verify the expression of key regulators at the mRNA and protein levels.

Results

Our comprehensive analysis revealed altered expression of 19 PARs in RF samples compared to normal samples. Five hub regulators, namely PYCARD, CASP1, AIM2, NOD2, and CASP9, exhibited potential as biomarkers for RF. Based on these regulators, a classifier capable of distinguishing normal samples from RF samples was developed. Furthermore, we identified correlations between immune features and PARs expression, with PYCARD positively associated with regulatory T cells abundance in fibrotic tissues. Unsupervised clustering of RF samples yielded two distinct subtypes (Subtype A and Subtype B), with Subtype B characterized by active immune responses against RF. Subsequent WGCNA analysis identified PYCARD, CASP1, and NOD2 as hub PARs in the pyroptosis modification patterns. Single-cell level validation confirmed PYCARD expression in myofibroblasts, implicating its significance in the stress response of myofibroblasts to injury. In vivo experimental validation further demonstrated elevated PYCARD expression in RF, accompanied by infiltration of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that pyroptosis plays a pivotal role in orchestrating the immune microenvironment of RF. This study provides valuable insights into the pathogenesis of RF and highlights potential targets for future therapeutic interventions.
EP2 and EP4 blockade prevents tumor-induced suppressive features in human monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells
Authors: Cuenca-Escalona Jorge , Subtil Beatriz , Garcia-Perez Alba , Cambi Alessandra , de Vries I. Jolanda M. , Flórez-Grau Georgina
Published: January 2024

Tumors educate their environment to prime the occurrence of suppressive cell subsets, which enable tumor evasion and favors tumor progression. Among these, there are the myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), their presence being associated with the poor clinical outcome of cancer patients. Tumor-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is known to mediate MDSC differentiation and the acquisition of pro-tumor features. In myeloid cells, PGE2 signaling is mediated via E-prostanoid receptor type 2 (EP2) and EP4. Although the suppressive role of PGE2 is well established in MDSCs, the role of EP2/4 on human MDSCs or whether EP2/4 modulation can prevent MDSCs suppressive features upon exposure to tumor-derived PGE2 is poorly defined. In this study, using an in vitro model of human monocytic-MDSCs (M-MDSCs) we demonstrate that EP2 and EP4 signaling contribute to the induction of a pro-tumor phenotype and function on M-MDSCs. PGE2 signaling via EP2 and EP4 boosted M-MDSC ability to suppress T and NK cell responses. Combined EP2/4 blockade on M-MDSCs during PGE2 exposure prevented the occurrence of these suppressive features. Additionally, EP2/4 blockade attenuated the suppressive phenotype of M-MDSCs in a 3D coculture with colorectal cancer patient-derived organoids. Together, these results identify the role of tumor-derived PGE2 signaling via EP2 and EP4 in this human M-MDSC model, supporting the therapeutic value of targeting PGE2-EP2/4 axis in M-MDSCs to alleviate immunosuppression and facilitate the development of anti-tumor immunity.
Effects of dietary arginine supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, intestinal digestive enzyme activity, muscle transcriptome, and gut health of Siniperca chuatsi
Authors: Ding Liyun , Chen Jiacheng , He Fenglan , Chen Qingtang , Li Yiyi , Chen Wenjing
Published: January 2024

Our study investigated the effects of dietary arginine supplementation on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, intestinal digestive enzyme activity, muscle transcriptome, and gut health of Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi). Four isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets (50% crude protein, 11% crude lipid) with graded levels (2.61%, 2.99%, 3.37%, and 3.82%) of arginine were formulated and processed. A total of 360 Chinese perch (approximately 45–46 g) were randomly divided into four groups with triplicates of 30 fish per cage in each group. Our results revealed that although there was no significant improvement in the growth performance of Chinese perch, their antioxidant capacity and nutritional metabolism were significantly improved. Compared to the control group (without arginine supplementation, 2.61% group), feeding graded arginine levels could significantly (P < 0.05) decrease serum glucose and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, as well as increase total superoxide dismutase (TSOD) activity. Fish fed a 3.37% arginine diet had the highest TSOD activity in the serum and liver. The intestinal morphological structure was clearer and more uniform in the 2.99% and 3.37% arginine groups. Fish fed with 3.82% arginine had significantly decreased (P < 0.05) muscle valine, glutamate, tyrosine, and total non-essential amino acid contents, with decreased (P < 0.05) intestinal amylase activity. Transcriptome analysis showed that graded arginine levels significantly (P < 0.05) influenced muscle gene expression involved in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways of energy metabolism (amino acid, glucose, fatty acid), signaling pathways (mTOR, PI3K-Akt, MAPK, foxO, and insulin pathway), etc. The microbial community structure did not change significantly. Mycoplasma showed the highest abundance in the control group, and Cetobacterium had the highest abundance in the dietary arginine supplementation groups. Network analysis showed that the network complexity of the control group was higher than those of arginine groups. Our finding would help advance the field of arginine nutrition and guide the development of future fish feeds. Based on antioxidant and intestinal health indicators, the optimal dietary arginine requirement for Chinese perch was 2.99%–3.37% of the dry diet (6.08%–6.79% of dietary protein).
Satellite tagging confirms long distance movement and fast dispersal of Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) in the Southwest Atlantic
Authors: Kim Eunjung , Lam Chi Hin , Park Gyum Joon , Lee Jong Hee
Published: January 2024

Introduction

To better understand Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) movement and habitat in the Southwest Atlantic, fifty popup satellite archival tags (PSATs) were deployed off Davis Bank on North Scotia Ridge between 2019 and 2020 on individuals ranging from 97-139 cm total length.

Methods

PSATs (18 Lotek Wireless PSATFLEX and 32 Wildlife Computers MiniPAT) were programmed to detach after completing 1 to 16-month missions recording pressure (depth) and water temperature.

Results

Six tags failed to report, and among the remaining 44 reporting tags, 34 reported on schedule, up to 487 days at sea – the longest electronic tag deployment for this species to date. Although the majority of PSATs reported within 50 km from the release sites, confirming high site fidelity, 12% of tags reported more than 200 km away, showing connectivity to Shag Rocks and South Georgia in the Southern Ocean. Toothfish moved across the Antarctic Polar Front through/to areas with no fishing activities, and hence, explained the absence of any previous conventional tag recapture. A 1-month transit to the Falkland/Malvinas Plateau Basin also revealed that toothfish can attain a surprisingly high movement rate of 33 km day-1.

Discussion

Fishery independent examples of toothfish presence and their movement capabilities are inviting us to broaden our examination on how toothfish move around their Scotia Arc habitats and link up different regional aggregation sites in the South Atlantic.
Optimizing aquaculture-scale common carp artificial reproduction: a novel approach to sperm cryopreservation using large-volume containers and elevated thawing temperatures
Authors: Sotnikov Anatolii , Rodina Marek , Gela David , Boryshpolets Sergii , Kholodnyy Vitaliy , Kašpar Vojtěch , Linhart Otomar , Dzyuba Borys
Published: January 2024

Introduction

The successful cryopreservation of common carp sperm is crucial for its application in aquaculture and selective breeding programs. This study investigates the efficacy of cryopreserving sperm in large containers (5 mL) with a low dilution rate (1:1) in three different cryoprotective media and thawing in different conditions.

Methods

The developed method utilizes a low-ionic (hypotonic) cryoprotective medium, freezing with a controlled cooling rate, and high-temperature sperm thawing (60°C). The investigation employs a detailed spermatozoon motility assessment.

Results

Post-thaw motility of 32.3% ± 14% and initial curvilinear velocity of 89 ± 20 μm/s  across 30 males were observed. Principal component analysis of sperm kinematic characteristics revealed distinct populations of sperm cells exhibiting varying responses to cryopreservation. The developed method achieved successful fertilization comparable to that of the non-frozen control group using sperm from a single cryotube (2.5 mL, approximately 50 * 109 spermatozoa) to fertilize 200 g of eggs (1:120,000 egg:spz).

Discussion

This novel approach demonstrates an effective cryopreservation protocol for common carp sperm in large-volume cryo-containers in combination with low-ionic cryomedia and high thawing temperature, providing methods well-suited for fisheries practices and selective breeding programs. Future studies of the biological properties of different sperm subpopulations in post-thaw sperm samples can contribute to a deeper understanding of sperm biology, improve cryopreservation techniques, and enhance the success rates of assisted reproductive technologies.