bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ubicación y operación eficiente de almacenadores de energía en micro-redes en presencia de generación distribuida
Authors: Montoya  Giraldo Oscar Danilo , Grajales Alejandro , Grisales Luis Fernando , Castro Carlos A.
Published: January 2020

En este trabajo se propone una metodología eficiente para la localización y operación óptima de almacenadores de energía (AE) en micro-redes (MR) a través de un modelo de programación lineal entera mixta (MPLEM). El modelo matemático desarrollado corresponde a un modelo de despacho económico para miro-redes (DEMR) con presencia de generación distribuida (GD) a partir de recursos energéticos renovables. Como función objetivo se considera la minimización de los costos de compra de energía en la bolsa por parte del agente operador de red, teniendo en cuenta dos escenarios de operación; el primero considera un precio de energía fijo; y el segundo, precios variables en el nodo que conecta la MR al sistema de potencia para un horizonte operativo de 24 horas. Como restricciones se consideran los flujos de potencia por la línea a través de un modelo de flujo en redes, las capacidades de almacenamiento de los AE y las capacidades horarias de generación de potencia en los GD. Para resolver el MPLEM propuesto se emplea el paquete de optimización comercial GAMS, empleando el solver CPLEX. La metodología propuesta permite localizar, dimensionar y operar los AE, considerando como horizonte de operación, un día típico laboral en Colombia, adicionalmente se tienen en cuenta diferentes consignas operativas en la operación de los AE según los estándares existentes. Con el fin de conocer las variables de estado de la MR, es empleado un flujo de potencia del tipo barrido iterativo para evaluar las respuestas obtenidas por el MPLEM. Esta evaluación permite hallar los costos operativos reales de la MR. Para validar el modelo matemático propuesto es empleado un sistema de prueba de la literatura especializada de 7 nodos con presencia de dos generadores distribuidos, siendo uno de tipo fotovoltaico y el otro tipo eólico. Los resultados obtenidos muestran la eficiencia de la metodología propuesta, así como su facilidad de implementación y la capacidad de adaptación para sistemas de mayor tamaño.
The validity and reliability study for evaluation of factors affecting workplace satisfaction of academic staff: faculty of veterinary medicine
Authors: TEKİNDAL Mustafa Agah , TEKİN Mehmet Emin , ÇEVRİMLİ Mustafa Bahadir , ASLIM Gökhan , MAT Burak , GÜNLÜ Aytekin , YAŞAR Aşkın
Published: January 2020

The present study is intended to identify the factors affecting the workplace satisfaction of the academic staff at a faculty of veterinary medicine.  Additionally, it aims to develop a scale for evaluating the workplace satisfaction of the faculty members at the veterinary faculty (Job Satisfaction Evaluation Scale for Academic Staff). Eighty-eight members of the academic staff serving at Selçuk University Faculty of veterinary medicine participated in the study. For construct validity, Cronbach's alpha (α) and McDonald's omega (ω) tests were conducted in the reliability analyses. Factor analysis was conducted for analysis of validity.  A scale was developed, consisting of 4 factors and 26 items in total. The socio-demographic variables affecting the factors and the total scores that can be obtained from a form for which a reliability and validity study has been conducted may vary even among the departments/faculties in the same university. As a recommendation, similar studies can be conducted annually in several universities across the country using scales whose validity and reliability have been confirmed, as a result of which the universities can identify their strengths and weaknesses according to some factors, and administrators of the universities can consider such results when making decisions for improvement and development of the universities. Implementation of improvement measures will directly or indirectly contribute to the development of countries and the welfare of society.
Köpeklerde femur ve tibia kırıklarının sağaltımında kilitli intramedullar pin yönteminin klinik ve radyolojik değerlendirilmesi
Authors: SALAN ANAÇ Kısmet , KAYA Ümit , ŞEN İlker
Published: January 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı veteriner ortopedide sıkça kullanılan intramedullar pin uygulamalarına bir alternatif getirmek ve kilitli intramedullar pin yöntemiyle ilgili deneyimler kazanmaktır. Çalışma materyalini, Femur ya da Tibia’sında kırık tespit edilen 10 köpek oluşturdu. Çalışmada rutin yumuşak doku ve ortopedi setlerinin yanında farklı uzunluk ve çaplarda kilitli intramedullar pinler ve kilitli intramedullar pin uygulama seti kullanıldı. Çalışma materyalini oluşturan 10 olgudan belirlenen 11 kırığın 5’i (%46) transversal kırık, 3’ü (%27) oblik kırık, 3’ü de (%27) parçalı kırık olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Olgu no 9 ve 10 haricinde hiçbir olguda komplikasyona rastlanmadı. Komplikasyonun gözlenmediği olgularda kırık iyileşmesinden sonra interlocking pin, ilgili kemiğin medullasında bırakıldı ve klinik olarak bir probleme neden olmadığı gözlendi. Interlocking pinler köpeklerin femur ve tibia gibi uzun kemiklerinde meydana gelen diyafizer kırıklarında kullanılabilir. Stabil olmayan kırıklar da dahil, fonksiyonel iyileşme sonuçları ve düşük komplikasyon oranlarıyla ilişkilendirildiğinde, uzun kemiklerin diyafizer kırıklarında interlocking pinlerin kullanımı desteklenmektedir. Sonuç olarak interlocking pin ile sağaltım metodu, femur ve tibia’nın diyafizer kırıklarında alternatif bir sağaltım metodu olarak düşünülebilir
Extraction and fractionation of subproteome from root tips of Hyoscyamus albus
Authors: Khandakar Jebunnahar , Muktadir Md Abdul , Islam Md Shafiqul , Yamaguchi Kenichi , Oda Tatsuya , Kitamura Yoshie
Published: December 2019

Identification and quantification of different metabolites under stress, especially protein, is a vital way to understand plant adaptation mechanism. We established an efficient protein extraction method from the tiny amount (100 mg) of root tips of non-model medicinal plant Hyoscyamus albus, using bead-beating cell disruption, TRIzol extraction, and sequential chemical protein solubilization. H. albus is very well known for biosynthesized of different secondary metabolites like hyoscyamine, tropane alkaloids and scopolamine. Our method is rational for sample preparation even in small-scale proteomics of recalcitrant tissue and allows proficient, reproducible and impurity-free protein extraction. This method allows high-quality 2DE in mini-gel format (25 µg of protein/gel) for hydrophilic and hydrophobic sub-proteomes and is compatible to high-sensitive matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionization quadrupole ion trap time-of-flight (MALDI-QIT-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). A protocol using TRIzol is more effective and reproducible to sequential chemical extraction of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic membrane proteins. We also demonstrated cell disrupted together with dithiothreitol (DTT) and polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) is more useful to prevent polymerization of the phenolic compound than commonly used added DTT and PVPP with TRIzol reagent. Despite the unavailability of genomic sequence database, the efficacy of the protocol was also confirmed by MS/MS ion searches.

J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(4): 430–436, 2019
Bioefficacy of Trichoderma species against important fungal pathogens causing post-harvest rot in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam)
Authors: DANIA Victor Ohileobo
Published: December 2019

Tuber rot disease constitutes a serious threat to sweetpotato production worldwide, causing economic losses to farmers.  This study evaluated an eco-friendly approach using four biological control agents, Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum, T. hamatum and T. pseudokoningii for the management of post-harvest tuber rot disease of sweetpotato. Field surveys for infected tuber samples were conducted four across major sweetpotato states in Nigeria. Rot severity in inoculated tubers was evaluated over a storage period of four months and Trichoderma species isolated from the rhizosphere were bioassayed for the production of metabolites to evaluate the mechanism of antibiotic production for the control of rot pathogens using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy. A total of 24 metabolites were produced by the Trichoderma species and the abundances were species dependent. Trichoderma species significantly (p<0.05) inhibited rot in treated tubers at 4 months after storage. However, T. harzianum was most effective, reducing mycelia growth of the rot pathogens by 54.6-77.3% in vitro and 47.2-68.8% reduction of rot incidence in vivo. The efficacy of Trichoderma species used in this study recommends their use as alternative therapy to synthetic fungicides in the management of post-harvest rot in sweetpotato.

J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(4): 446–453, 2019
Effect of buprofezin on the growth, development and morphometric parameters of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Order: Lepidoptera, Family: Noctuidae) adult
Authors: Khatun Mst Rokeya , Das Gopal , Ahmed Kazi Shahanara , Noguchi Hisashi Kato-
Published: December 2019

The experiments were conducted to know the efficacy of Buprofezin (Award 40 SC), an insect growth regulator against 2nd instar larvae of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) under laboratory conditions (insect rearing was done at room temperature and relative humidity that is 260C-300C and 65-80% relative humidity) at three different concentrations viz. 200, 400, and 600 ppm through three different application methods like direct or topical, indirect or leaf-dip and combined. The experiment was laid out in complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications and ten 2nd instar larvae of Spodoptera litura were used for each replication. Results revealed that this growth regulator strongly arrested the growth and development of S. litura (Fabricius) from larval stage to adult. The treated data were recorded after adult emergence and compared with untreated control adult. The results clearly showed that Buprofezin had significant effect on the inhibition of adult weight; wing length and width compared to control and consequence were clearly dose, time and method dependent. As well as we are hopeful because we found some abnormal adult from the treated larvae that may increase the potentiality of Buprofezin as an excellent tool of IPM. The maximum, 54.53% adult weight reduction was recorded from 600 ppm of Buprofezin through combined application method which was followed by leaf-dip (46.41%) and topical application method (39.86%). Similarly, 23.13% wing length and 22.27% wing width were inhibited when larvae were treated with 600 ppm through combined application method compared to control. The 2nd best result was found from 400 ppm and leaf-dip application method. The dose, 200 ppm and topical application method was found to be less effective compared to the rest of the two doses or two application methods. So this is the demand of the current situation to evaluate this selective bio-rational molecules against S. litura as the alternatives of conventional insecticides to combat resistance development, effective larval control, inhibition of growth and development, to keep the  natural enemies safe and fit these molecules in IPM packages individually or combindly.

J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(4): 514–520, 2019
Measuring food and nutrition security of enclave people of Kurigram district in Bangladesh
Authors: Ria Sunjina Noor , Rahman Khandaker Md. Mostafizur , Hossain Mohammad Mujaffar , Rana Md Shihab
Published: December 2019

This study aims at assessing and analyzing the core food security indicators to enhance food and nutrition security of enclave people. A survey was conducted using structured questionnaire covering 120 households. Primary data were collected during July to December 2018. Middle aged persons are found to be the heads of households, average age is 48.87 years, family size is 4.38 persons, average education of household’s head is 3.55 years of schooling and dependency ratio is 0.67. The total value of family assets before enclave exchange was BDT 124752 and after enclave exchange it becomes BDT 178177. Their total land area before and after enclave exchange are respectively 75.85 and 77.60 decimal. Average annual family income is BDT 114799. Total income increases significantly with the increase in income from agriculture and labor selling activities. The yearly family expenditure increases significantly with the increase in food expenditure and total land size. The annual family expenditure is BDT 134363. Average daily per capita consumptions of rice, potato, vegetables and all food items are respectively 417.59, 75.35, 114.06 and 792.06g. Daily per capita calorie and protein intakes are respectively 1788 kcal and 55 g which are relatively lower compared to the national level. People consume almost all 12 categories of food items and average household dietary diversity score is 11.50. Food security decreases with the increase in family size and increases with the increase in food cost. Absolute poverty is 89% and hard-core poverty is 55% on the basis of direct calorie intake method. Absolute and hard-core poverty are 68% and 52% respectively on the basis of cost of basic needs method. As a policy option, the government should support and take the development initiatives of people, enhance food security status and upscale the nutrition condition of people living in the enclave.

J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(4): 574–582, 2019
Prediksi Model 2d Data Magnetotelurik Terbaik Berdasarkan Pendekatan Model Irisan Di Cekungan Tomori dan Sekitarnya
Authors: Junursyah Gusti Muhammad Lucki , Bagus Maulana Dimas , Rusdiana Randi
Published: January 2020

2D modeling of magnetotelluric data produce various models that are influenced by noise and differences in coordinate measurement systems with strike directions, so the results are inaccurate. A technique that can be done to identify the accuracy of the data is the rotation analysis based on the overlay model approach. The type of rotation used are strike angle and fix angle. The strike angle rotation is done by maximizing the anti-diagonal impedance value, while the rotation fix angle refers to the isotropic homogeneous earth model by eliminating the static effect on the surface. The overlay model approach is based on the assumption that the distribution of resistivity variations of the rock in the subsurface has same value in various models. 2D modeling used in this analysis consists of three trajectories of correlation results from 30 magnetotelluric measurement points in the Tomori and surrounding areas. The results of the analysis show that the strike angle rotation model is the best model that can be used in the study area with the approach of determination value reaches 0.7735, therefore it can reduce subsurface geological interpretation deviation based on various 2D models.Keywords: Magnetotelluric, impedance rotation, strike angle rotation, fix angle rotation
Nota de la Secretaría General del Congreso de los Diputados acerca de la incidencia sobre el grupo parlamentario del cambio de grupo por parte de un señor diputado
Authors: Congreso de los Diputados Secretaría General
Published: January 2020

Nota de la Secretaría General del Congreso de los Diputados acerca de la incidencia sobre el grupo parlamentario del cambio de grupo por parte de un señor diputado.
Nota de la Secretaría General del Congreso de los Diputados sobre requisitos materiales para la constitución de grupo parlamentario en el Congreso de los Diputados.
Authors: Congreso de los Diputados Secretaría General
Published: January 2020

Nota de la Secretaría General del Congreso de los Diputados sobre requisitos materiales para la constitución de grupo parlamentario en el Congreso de los Diputados.
Una propuesta para la reforma constitucional del Senado
Authors: Garrorena Morales Ángel
Published: January 2020

SUMARIO: 1. Cuestiones previas.-1.1. ¿Es posible eludir la reforma constitucional?.-1.2. ¿Hay algo que impida seguir ensayando desde la Constitución?-1.3. Sobre la técnica legislativa a utilizar en la reforma.-1 4. Multilateralidad y bilateralidad en nuestro Estado compuesto. Su influencia sobre la reforma constitucional del Senado-2. Modelo por el que se opta: El Senado como Cámara de las autonomías. —3. estructura del senado-3.1. Composición de la Cámara-3.2. Modo de elección-I..3. Texto de la reforma que se proponed. Funciones del Senado y modo de ejercerlas.-4.1.Fundones.-4.2. Funcionamiento.-4.3. Texto de la reforma que se propone-5. Senadores y Parlamentos autonómicos. La reforma del Senado fuera del Senado.-6. Conclusión. Sobre la coherencia del modelo anterior.
El grupo mixto en los parlamentos de las comunidades autónomas
Authors: Larios Paterna María Jesús
Published: January 2020

SUMARIO: I. Introducción.-II. El Grupo Mixto como organización alternativa al «diputado independiente».-III. Sentido del Grupo Mixto en el Parlamento de Grupos.-IV. Características del Grupo Mixto en los Parlamentos Autonómicos.-V. El Grupo Mixto en los Reglamentos Parlamentarios Autonómicos.-I. Supuesto general-2. Algunas excepciones en la regulación del Grupo Mixto en los Parlamentos autonómicos.-A) Participación del Grupo Mixto en los órganos de la Cámara.-B) Participación del Grupo Mixto en los debates-C) Facultades individuales de los miembros del Grupo Mixto.-3. Las Agrupaciones en el seno del Grupo Mixto.-4. «La formación política con respaldo electoral» de la Asamblea Regional de Murcia -5. Autorreglamentación del Grupo Mixto-6. Financiación del Grupo Mixto.-VI. Conclusiones.
BİREYDEN TOPLUMA ERGİNLENME ve CİNSİYETLERE İLİŞKİN CİNSELLİK TEMELLİ ALGI FARKLILIKLARI
Authors: GÜVEN Filiz
Published: January 2020

Kaynağı yaşam olan uygulamalar, zaman ve zemin farkı gözetmeksizin düşünce,
tasarım, tutum, davranış, işlem bakımından belli bir ülkenin, bölgenin, bir
topluluğun veya bir etnik grubun coğrafyasından ve kültüründen gelen başat
dünya görüşü dışında, ana çizgileriyle benzerlik taşıyabilir.

Özellikle Erginlenme, bireyin toplumsallaşma sürecinde merkezde yer alması
ve törensel yönü olması nedeniyle de cinsiyetler arası toplumsal konumlanış
farklılıklarının/benzerliklerinin en iyi gözlemleneceği karakteristik bir güce
sahiptir. İlkel düşünceyle erginlenme, yaşamsal kriz anıdır ve bireyi bu
krizden kurtarmanın yolu, artık geçersiz ve yetersiz duruma gelmiş eski
bağlarından uzaklaştırmak ve yeni duruma geçirmekle mümkün olabilir. İlkel
zamanlarda olduğu gibi yaşamsal dönüşüm, hemen hemen her toplumda “kan” ile
aracılanmıştır. Sünnet kanı, aybaşı kanı, bekâret kanı vb. bireysel dönüşüme
sembolik olarak destek vermekle beraber, toplumsal düzeyde aynı unsur olarak
kabul edilmemiştir. Kan merkezli oluşan farklılığın, toplumsal cinsiyet temelli
olduğu varsayımından hareketle, çalışma: erginlenme bağlamında bekâret, aybaşı
ve sünnet etrafında cinsiyete ve cinselliğe dayalı algıyı, toplumsal cinsiyet
rolleri etrafında incelemeyi hedeflemektedir.
Çeçen Halkının Kendi Kaderini Belirleme Hakkı
Authors: SÖNMEZ İrfan , AYGEN Murat
Published: January 2020

Uluslararası hukuk –halkların- kendi geleceklerini
belirlemelerini bir insan hakkı olarak görmektedir.20.yüzyılda popülerlik
kazanan kavram imparatorlukların ve sömürgeciliğin tasfiyesinde önemli rol
oynamıştır. Hakkın öznesi halklar olmasına rağmen uluslararası toplumun her
halka aynı duyarlılıkla yaklaştığını söylemek mümkün değildir. Bu halklardan
biri de Çeçenlerdir. Çeçenler, 17. yüzyıldan beri Rus işgaline karşı mücadele
vermektedir. Sovyetlerin dağılmasından sonra kısa bir süre defacto devlet
olmalarına rağmen, Rusya’nın müdahalesi ile özgürlüklerini kaybetmişlerdir.
Çeçenler dilleri, dinleri ve kültürleri ile Ruslardan ayrı bir halktır. Bu
bakımdan Rus yayılmacılığına karşı asırları aşan bir direnç
göstermişlerdir.  Günümüzde yarı özerk
bir statüye sahip olan Çeçenistan sürgün ve kıyımlara rağmen hala kendi
kaderine hükmetme arzu ve potansiyelini korumaktadır. Bu makale, Rus
hegemonyasına karşı Çeçen halkının self-determinasyon hakkının olup olmadığını
tartışmaktadır.
The Zahl-Anzahl Distinction in Gottlob Frege: Arithmetic of Natural Numbers with Anzahl as a Primitive Term
Authors: Wojciechowski Eugeniusz
Published: December 2019

The starting point is Peano’s expression of the axiomatics of natural numbers in the framework of Leśniewski’s elementary ontology. The author enriches elementary ontology with the so-called Frege’s predication scheme and goes on to propose the formulations of this axiomatic, in which the original natural number (N) term is replaced by the term Anzahl (A). The functor of the successor (S) is defined in it.
Information-Theoretical Criteria for Characterizing the Earliness of Time-Series Data
Authors: Lemus Mariano , Beirão João P. , Paunković Nikola , Carvalho Alexandra M. , Mateus Paulo
Published: January 2020

Biomedical signals constitute time-series that sustain machine learning techniques to achieve classification. These signals are complex with measurements of several features over, eventually, an extended period. Characterizing whether the data can anticipate prediction is an essential task in time-series mining. The ability to obtain information in advance by having early knowledge about a specific event may be of great utility in many areas. Early classification arises as an extension of the time-series classification problem, given the need to obtain a reliable prediction as soon as possible. In this work, we propose an information-theoretic method, named Multivariate Correlations for Early Classification (MCEC), to characterize the early classification opportunity of a time-series. Experimental validation is performed on synthetic and benchmark data, confirming the ability of the MCEC algorithm to perform a trade-off between accuracy and earliness in a wide-spectrum of time-series data, such as those collected from sensors, images, spectrographs, and electrocardiograms.
An Integral Representation of the Logarithmic Function with Applications in Information Theory
Authors: Merhav Neri , Sason Igal
Published: January 2020

We explore a well-known integral representation of the logarithmic function, and demonstrate its usefulness in obtaining compact, easily computable exact formulas for quantities that involve expectations and higher moments of the logarithm of a positive random variable (or the logarithm of a sum of i.i.d. positive random variables). The integral representation of the logarithm is proved useful in a variety of information-theoretic applications, including universal lossless data compression, entropy and differential entropy evaluations, and the calculation of the ergodic capacity of the single-input, multiple-output (SIMO) Gaussian channel with random parameters (known to both transmitter and receiver). This integral representation and its variants are anticipated to serve as a useful tool in additional applications, as a rigorous alternative to the popular (but non-rigorous) replica method (at least in some situations).
Key Node Ranking in Complex Networks: A Novel Entropy and Mutual Information-Based Approach
Authors: Li Yichuan , Cai Weihong , Li Yao , Du Xin
Published: January 2020

Numerous problems in many fields can be solved effectively through the approach of modeling by complex network analysis. Finding key nodes is one of the most important and challenging problems in network analysis. In previous studies, methods have been proposed to identify key nodes. However, they rely mainly on a limited field of local information, lack large-scale access to global information, and are also usually NP-hard. In this paper, a novel entropy and mutual information-based centrality approach (EMI) is proposed, which attempts to capture a far wider range and a greater abundance of information for assessing how vital a node is. We have developed countermeasures to assess the influence of nodes: EMI is no longer confined to neighbor nodes, and both topological and digital network characteristics are taken into account. We employ mutual information to fix a flaw that exists in many methods. Experiments on real-world connected networks demonstrate the outstanding performance of the proposed approach in both correctness and efficiency as compared with previous approaches.
Stochastic SIS Modelling: Coinfection of Two Pathogens in Two-Host Communities
Authors: Abdullahi Auwal , Shohaimi Shamarina , Kilicman Adem , Hafiz Ibrahim Mohd , Salari Nader
Published: January 2020

A pathogen can infect multiple hosts. For example, zoonotic diseases like rabies often colonize both humans and animals. Meanwhile, a single host can sometimes be infected with many pathogens, such as malaria and meningitis. Therefore, we studied two susceptible classes S 1 ( t ) and S 2 ( t ) , each of which can be infected when interacting with two different infectious groups I 1 ( t ) and I 2 ( t ) . The stochastic models were formulated through the continuous time Markov chain (CTMC) along with their deterministic analogues. The statistics for the developed model were studied using the multi-type branching process. Since each epidemic class was assumed to transmit only its own type of pathogen, two reproduction numbers were obtained, in addition to the probability-generating functions of offspring. Thus, these, together with the mean number of infections, were used to estimate the probability of extinction. The initial population of infectious classes can influence their probability of extinction. Understanding the disease extinctions and outbreaks could result in rapid intervention by the management for effective control measures.
Bounds on Mixed State Entanglement
Authors: Leggio Bruno , Napoli Anna , Nakazato Hiromichi , Messina Antonino
Published: January 2020

In the general framework of d 1 × d 2 mixed states, we derive an explicit bound for bipartite negative partial transpose (NPT) entanglement based on the mixedness characterization of the physical system. The derived result is very general, being based only on the assumption of finite dimensionality. In addition, it turns out to be of experimental interest since some purity-measuring protocols are known. Exploiting the bound in the particular case of thermal entanglement, a way to connect thermodynamic features to the monogamy of quantum correlations is suggested, and some recent results on the subject are given a physically clear explanation.
Stochastic Control for Intra-Region Probability Maximization of Multi-Machine Power Systems Based on the Quasi-Generalized Hamiltonian Theory
Authors: Lin Xue , Sun Lixia , Ju Ping , Li Hongyu
Published: January 2020

With the penetration of renewable generation, electric vehicles and other random factors in power systems, the stochastic disturbances are increasing significantly, which are necessary to be handled for guarantying the security of systems. A novel stochastic optimal control strategy is proposed in this paper to reduce the impact of such stochastic continuous disturbances on power systems. The proposed method is effective in solving the problems caused by the stochastic continuous disturbances and has two significant advantages. First, a simplified and effective solution is proposed to analyze the system influenced by the stochastic disturbances. Second, a novel optimal control strategy is proposed in this paper to effectively reduce the impact of stochastic continuous disturbances. To be specific, a novel excitation controlled power systems model with stochastic disturbances is built in the quasi-generalized Hamiltonian form, which is further simplified into a lower-dimension model through the stochastic averaging method. Based on this Itô equation, a novel optimal control strategy to achieve the intra-region probability maximization is established for power systems by using the dynamic programming method. Finally, the intra-region probability increases in controlled systems, which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. The proposed control method has advantages on controlling the fluctuation of system state variables within a desired region under the influence of stochastic disturbances, which means improving the security of stochastic systems. With more stochasticity in the future, the proposed control method based on the stochastic theory will play a novel way to relieve the impact of stochastic disturbances.
Measurements of Energy Consumption and Environment Quality of High-Speed Railway Stations in China
Authors: Qian Bin , Yu Tao , Bi Haiquan , Lei Bo
Published: January 2020

In recent years, the energy performance of public buildings has attracted substantial attention due to the significant energy-saving potential. As a semi-open high-space building, the high-speed railway station is obviously different from other public buildings and even traditional stations in terms of energy consumption and internal environment. This paper investigates the current energy consumption situation and environmental quality of 15 high-speed railway passenger stations in China. Results show that the energy consumption of the high-speed railway station is between 117–470 kWh/(m2·a). The energy consumption of the station is related to the area and the passenger flow. The energy use of the station using district heating is higher than that of the station without district heating in the same region. The higher glazing ratio induces good natural lighting in the station, but the uniformity of the lighting in the station is not good. The acceptable temperature range of passengers in winter is larger than that in summer. The average air change rate of the high-speed railway station is 3.2 h−1 in winter and 1.8 h−1 in summer, which is the main reason of high energy consumption of the HVAC (Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning) system in this kind of building.
Evaluation of the Environmental Performance of Residential Building Envelope Components
Authors: Tokbolat Serik , Nazipov Farnush , Kim Jong R. , Karaca Ferhat
Published: January 2020

The role of buildings in the context of addressing the consequences of climate change and the energy deficit is becoming increasingly important due to their share in the overall amount of green house gas (GHG) emissions and rapidly growing domestic energy consumption worldwide. Adherence to a sustainability agenda requires ever-increasing attention to all stages of a building′s life, as such approach allows for the consideration of environmental impacts of a building, from design, through construction stages, until the final phase of a building′s life—demolition. A life cycle assessment (LCA) is one of the most recognized and adopted models for the evaluation of the environmental performance of materials and processes. This paper aims to perform an LCA of four different types of residential buildings in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan. The assessment primarily considered embodied energy and GHG emissions as key assessment indicators. Findings suggest that the operational stage contributed to more than half of the GHG emissions in all the cases. The results of the study indicate that there is a dependence between the comfort levels and the impact of the buildings on the environment. The higher the comfort levels, the higher the impacts in terms of the CO2 equivalent. This conclusion is most likely to be related to the fact that the higher the comfort level, the higher the environmental cost of the materials. A similar correlation can be observed in the case of comparing building comfort levels and life-cycle impacts per user. There are fewer occupants per square meter as the comfort level increases. Furthermore, the obtained results suggest potential ways of reducing the overall environmental impact of the building envelope components.
Characteristics and Current Harmonic Control of N* Three-Phase PMSG for HVDC Transmission Based on MMC
Authors: Rao Zhimeng , Zhang Zhigang , Huang Shoudao , Long Zhuo , Wu Gongping
Published: January 2020

The permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is widely used in high voltage DC transmission technology of wind power systems due to its high-power density, high reliability and simple maintenance. To meet the increasing rated power of the generator (≥10 MW), the multi-converter parallel connection is usually used, which significantly increases the complexity and cost of the system. Therefore, a new modular N* three-phase PMSG is proposed in this paper. Based on the structure and working principle of the generator, the finite element model is established, and the electromagnetic properties are obtained by finite element analysis. Aiming at the unique winding structure and characteristics of modular N* three-phase PMSG, a generator side current converter harmonic control algorithm, combining a resonant controller with the proportional-integral regulator, is proposed. The suppression of stator current harmonics at different speeds could be achieved by the proposed algorithm, and the efficiency of the wind power generation system can be improved. Finally, the feasibility of the novel generator and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm are verified by simulation and experiment.
Modelling of Dynamic Properties of Silicon Carbide Junction Field-Effect Transistors (JFETs)
Authors: Bargieł Kamil , Bisewski Damian , Zarębski Janusz
Published: January 2020

The paper deals with the problem of modelling and analyzing the dynamic properties of a Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET) made of silicon carbide. An examination of the usefulness of the built-in JFET Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (SPICE) model was performed. A modified model of silicon carbide JFET was proposed to increase modelling accuracy. An evaluation of the accuracy of the modified model was performed by comparison of the measured and calculated capacitance–voltage characteristics as well as the switching characteristics of JFETs.
Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Control of Permanent Magnet In-Wheel Motor Based on a Fuzzy Controller
Authors: Huang Hao , Tu Qunzhang , Pan Ming , Jiang Chenming , Xue Jinhong
Published: January 2020

A fast terminal sliding mode control is proposed in this paper for improving the dynamic performance and robustness of a permanent magnet in-wheel motor system driven by a voltage source inverter. Firstly, a fast terminal sliding mode approaching law was designed to accelerate the approaching rate of the control system. Then, a torque load observer was designed to compensate for disturbances and uncertainties. Finally, fuzzy rules were designed to suppress the chattering phenomenon. Simulation and experimental results demonstrated that the fast terminal sliding mode control strategy presented better response speed than the conventional sliding mode control strategy. It had better dynamic performance and anti-interference and effectively reduced the chattering phenomenon in the control process.
An Assessment of the Condition of Distribution Network Equipment Based on Large Data Fuzzy Decision-Making
Authors: Wang Ning , Zhao Fei
Published: January 2020

As one of the most important components of power grid, a distribution network is the most vulnerable part in the face of various uncertainties, and influences the stability and economy of a power system. In this paper, the operational information, hardware information and human factors were considered, and a state evaluation model of multi-source information fusion was established. Based on big data fuzzy iteration method and a weighted expert library, a weighted distribution of multi-source information was obtained, and an equipment condition assessment was carried out reasonably. Taking the distribution transformer as an example, the assessment showed that fusion of multi-source information presented in this paper is more comprehensive, and has the ability to reflect the state of equipment. The method proposed in this paper can accurately judge the running state of distribution equipment based on all kinds of information, and provides a reference for the follow-up power marketing for the status assessment of the user equipment.
Performance Evaluation of a Gravity-Assisted Heat Pipe-Based Indirect Evaporative Cooler
Authors: Rajski Krzysztof , Danielewicz Jan , Brychcy Ewa
Published: January 2020

In the present work, the effects of different operating parameters on the performance of a gravity-assisted heat pipe-based indirect evaporative cooler (GAHP-based IEC) were investigated. The aim of the theoretical study is to evaluate accurately the cooling performance indicators, such as the coefficient of performance (COP), wet bulb effectiveness, and cooling capacity. To predict the effectiveness of the air cooler under a variety of conditions, the comprehensive calculation method was adopted. A mathematical model was developed to simulate numerically the heat and mass transfer processes. The mathematical model was validated adequately using experimental data from the literature. Based on the conducted numerical simulations, the most favorable ranges of operating conditions for the GAHP-based IEC were established. Moreover, the conducted studies could contribute to the further development of novel evaporative cooling systems employing gravity-assisted heat pipes as efficient equipment for transferring heat.
Dry Above Ground Biomass for a Soybean Crop Using an Empirical Model in Greece
Authors: Vamvakoulas Christos , Alexandris Stavros , Argyrokastritis Ioannis
Published: January 2020

A new empirical equation for the estimation of daily dry above ground biomass (D-AGB) for a hybrid of soybean (Glycine max L.) is proposed. This equation requires data for three crop dependent parameters; leaf area index, plant height, and cumulative crop evapotranspiration. Bilinear surface regression analysis was used in order to estimate the factors entering in the empirical model. For the calibration of the proposed model, data yielded from a well-watered soybean crop for the year 2015, in the experimental field (0.1 ha) of the agricultural University of Athens, were used as a reference. Verification of the validity of the model was obtained by using data from a 2014 cultivation period for well-watered soybean cultivation (100% of crop evapotranspiration water treatment), as well as data from three irrigation treatments (75%, 50%, 25% of crop evapotranspiration) for two cultivation periods (2014–2015). The proposed method for the estimation of D-AGB may be proven as a useful tool for estimations without using destructive sampling.
Balancing Generation from Renewable Energy Sources: Profitability of an Energy Trader
Authors: Kath Christopher , Nitka Weronika , Serafin Tomasz , Weron Tomasz , Zaleski Przemysław , Weron Rafał
Published: January 2020

Motivated by a practical problem faced by an energy trading company in Poland, we investigate the profitability of balancing intermittent generation from renewable energy sources (RES). We consider a company that buys electricity generated by a pool of wind farms and pays their owners the day-ahead system price minus a commission, then sells the actually generated volume in the day-ahead and balancing markets. We evaluate the profitability (measured by the Sharpe ratio) and market risk faced by the energy trader as a function of the commission charged and the adopted trading strategy. We show that publicly available, country-wide RES generation forecasts can be significantly improved using a relatively simple regression model and that trading on this information yields significantly higher profits for the company. Moreover, we address the issue of contract design as a key performance driver. We argue that by offering tolerance range contracts, which transfer some of the risk to wind farm owners, both parties can bilaterally agree on a suitable framework that meets individual risk appetite and profitability expectations.
Planning an Energy–Water–Environment Nexus System in Coal-Dependent Regions under Uncertainties
Authors: Chen Cong , Yu Lei , Zeng Xueting , Huang Guohe , Li Yongping
Published: January 2020

Energy, water, and environment are inextricably interwoven in the complex social and economic networks. This study proposes an optimization model for planning the energy–water–environment nexus system (EWENS) through incorporating the linear autoregressive integrated moving average model prediction model (ARIMA), Monte Carlo simulation, chance-constrained programming (CCP), and type-2 fuzzy programming (T2FP) into one general framework. This method effectively tackles type-2 fuzzy set and stochastic uncertainties. The proposed model can quantitatively explore the interconnections between water, energy, and environment systems and generate an optimized solution for EWENS. The proposed model was applied to a coal-dominated region of China, i.e., Inner Mongolia. Several findings and policy implications were obtained. First, the total water supply for energy-generating activities will range from 1368.10 × 106 m3 to 1370.62 × 106 m3, at the end of planning periods. Second, the electricity for water supply will range from 2164.07 × 106 kWh to 2167.65 × 106 kWh at the end of the planning periods, with a growth rate of 46.06–48.72%. Thirdly, lifecycle carbon dioxide emission (LCDE) is projected to range from 931.85 × 106 tons to 947.00 × 106 tons at the end of the planning periods. Wastewater and SO2, NOx, and particulate matter (PM) emissions are projected to be 42.72 × 103–43.45 × 103 tons, 183.07 × 103–186.23 × 103 tons, 712.38 × 103–724.73 × 103 tons, and 38.14 × 103–38.80 × 103 tons at the end of the planning periods. Fourthly, as the largest electricity-exporting city of China, Inner Mongolia’s electricity outflows will export 1435.78 × 106 m3 of virtual water to other regions, implying that Inner Mongolia is pumping its important water resource to support other regions’ electricity demands. Finally, high carbon mitigation levels can effectively optimize the electricity power mix, reduce consumption amounts of water and coal, and mitigate air pollutants, wastewater, and LCDE. The obtained results provide useful information for managers to develop a sustainability plan for the EWENS.
Tailored Algorithms for Anomaly Detection in Photovoltaic Systems
Authors: Branco Pedro , Gonçalves Francisco , Costa Ana Cristina
Published: January 2020

The fastest-growing renewable source of energy is solar photovoltaic (PV) energy, which is likely to become the largest electricity source in the world by 2050. In order to be a viable alternative energy source, PV systems should maximise their efficiency and operate flawlessly. However, in practice, many PV systems do not operate at their full capacity due to several types of anomalies. We propose tailored algorithms for the detection of different PV system anomalies, including suboptimal orientation, daytime and sunrise/sunset shading, brief and sustained daytime zero-production, and low maximum production. Furthermore, we establish simple metrics to assess the severity of suboptimal orientation and daytime shading. The proposed detection algorithms were applied to a set of time-series of electricity production in Portugal, which are based on two periods with distinct weather conditions. Under favourable weather conditions, the algorithms successfully detected most of the time-series labelled with either daytime or sunrise/sunset shading, and with either sustained or brief daytime zero-production. There was a relatively low percentage of false positives, such that most of the anomaly detections were correct. As expected, the algorithms tend to be more robust under favourable rather than under adverse weather conditions. The proposed algorithms may prove to be useful not only to research specialists, but also to energy utilities and owners of small- and medium-sized PV systems, who may thereby effortlessly monitor their operation and performance.
How Climate Trends Impact on the Thermal Performance of a Typical Residential Building in Madrid
Authors: Soutullo S. , Giancola E. , Jiménez M. J. , Ferrer J. A. , Sánchez M. N.
Published: January 2020

Based on the European energy directives, the building sector has to provide comfortable levels for occupants with minimum energy consumption as well as to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This paper aims to compare the impact of climate change on the energy performance of residential buildings in order to derive potential design strategies. Different climate file inputs of Madrid have been used to quantify comparatively the thermal needs of two reference residential buildings located in this city. One of them represents buildings older than 40 years built according to the applicable Spanish regulations prior to 1979. The other refers to buildings erected in the last decade under more energy-restrictive constructive regulations. Three different climate databases of Madrid have been used to assess the impact of the evolution of the climate in recent years on the thermal demands of these two reference buildings. Two of them are typical meteorological years (TMY) derived from weather data measured before 2000. On the contrary, the third one is an experimental file representing the average values of the meteorological variables registered in Madrid during the last decade. Annual and monthly comparisons are done between the three climate databases assessing the climate changes. Compared to the TMYs databases, the experimental one records an average air temperature of 1.8 °C higher and an average value of relative humidity that is 9% lower.
Study on Daylighting Optimization in the Exhibition Halls of Museums for Chinese Calligraphy and Painting Works
Authors: Huang Xianfeng , Wei Shangyou , Zhu Shangyu
Published: January 2020

With respect to the light environment of the exhibition halls for Chinese calligraphy and painting works in the museums, the daylighting design in these display spaces have been studied, the key design factors, such as daylighting pattern, and arrangement of exhibits are examined and explored by field trips. Then, the display spaces are divided into diverse categories whose sky light environments are predicted by the demands of exhibits. Under changed daylighting situations, the daylight parameters, i.e., daylight factor (DF) and DF uniformity, discomfort glare index (DGI) and luminance distribution are calculated. Thus, the proper daylighting pattern and elements in the exhibition halls will be decided. The optimization strategies that optimize the parameters of daylighting patterns and elements are presented. The studies have shown that the daylighting quality will improved by the implement of optimal design, and good luminance environment in the calligraphy and painting exhibition halls are obtained.
Fault Detection and Classification of Shunt Compensated Transmission Line Using Discrete Wavelet Transform and Naive Bayes Classifier
Authors: Aker Elhadi , Othman Mohammad Lutfi , Veerasamy Veerapandiyan , Aris Ishak bin , Wahab Noor Izzri Abdul , Hizam Hashim
Published: January 2020

This paper presents the methodology to detect and identify the type of fault that occurs in the shunt compensated static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) transmission line using a combination of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Naive Bayes (NB) classifiers. To study this, the network model is designed using Matlab/Simulink. Different types of faults, such as Line to Ground (LG), Line to Line (LL), Double Line to Ground (LLG) and the three-phase (LLLG) fault, are applied at disparate zones of the system, with and without STATCOM, considering the effect of varying fault resistance. The three-phase fault current waveforms obtained are decomposed into several levels using Daubechies (db) mother wavelet of db4 to extract the features, such as the standard deviation (SD) and energy values. Then, the extracted features are used to train the classifiers, such as Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network (MLP), Bayes and the Naive Bayes (NB) classifier to classify the type of fault that occurs in the system. The results obtained reveal that the proposed NB classifier outperforms in terms of accuracy rate, misclassification rate, kappa statistics, mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), percentage relative absolute error (% RAE) and percentage root relative square error (% RRSE) than both MLP and the Bayes classifier.