bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential migration in Pacific salmon and trout: Patterns and hypotheses
Authors: Quinn Thomas P.
Published: January 2021

Migrations affect the population dynamics, life history, evolution, and connections of animals to natural ecosystems and humans. Many species and populations display partial migration (some individuals migrate and some do not), and differential migration (migration distance varies). Partial migration is widely distributed in fishes but the term differential migration is much less commonly applied, despite the occurrence of this phenomenon. This paper briefly reviews the extent of differential migration in Pacific salmon and trout (genusOncorhynchus), a very extensively studied group. Three hypotheses are presented to explain the patterns among species: 1) phylogenetic relationships, 2) the prevalence of partial migration (i.e., variation in anadromy), and 3) life history patterns (iteroparous or semelparous, and duration spent feeding at sea prior to maturation). Each hypothesis has some support but none is consistent with all patterns. The prevalence of differential migration, ranging from essentially non-existent to common within a species, reflects phylogeny and life history, interacting with the geographic features of the region where juvenile salmon enter the ocean. Notwithstanding the uncertain evolution of this behavior, it has very clear implications for salmon conservation, as it strongly affects exposure to predators, patterns of fishery exploitation and also uptake of toxic contaminants.
Fabrication and function of polymer membranes
Authors: Abetz Volker , Brinkmann Torsten , Sözbilir Mustafa
Published: January 2021

The paper gives an introduction to membrane science and technology, an area of research of high significance for the development of a sustainable life for human beings. It is therefore intended to be a guide for teachers in the areas of chemistry, physics, or biology, who can incorporate the presented materials in their respective courses. The paper gives some insights into the different types of membranes, their functions, production and use in some selected areas.
Quality of politicians and electoral system. Evidence from a quasi-experimental design for Italian cities
Authors: De Benedetto Marco Alberto , D’Agostino Elena , Sobbrio Giuseppe
Published: January 2021

We study the effect of the electoral system (single-ballot vs runoff) on the quality of politicians, measured by the average educational attainment, at the local level in Italy over the period 1994–2017. By exploiting the discontinuous voting rule shift nearby the 15,000 population cut-off, we have implemented a RDD and found that the change in the electoral scheme leads to an overall downward variation in the educational attainment of local politicians by about 2 % compared to years of schooling of politicians in municipalities just below the cut-off. Findings are similar when we separately focus on the educational attainment of mayors and councilors, and when we use alternative measures of quality of politicians related both to the previous occupation and to previous political experience. However, different confounding policies related to the voting scheme change at the cut-off. We show that the negative effect is not directly related to the way politicians are elected (runoff vs single-ballot scheme) but to the number of lists supporting the mayoral candidates: in municipalities below 15,000 inhabitants candidates running for mayor are supported only by one single list, whereas above the cut-off mayoral candidates might be supported by more lists. Overall, we speculate that the negative impact produced by the treatment on the educational attainment of local politicians is explained by the different selection process of candidates adopted by political parties, rather than by voters’ preferences toward low-skilled politicians.
Research data management in clinical neuroscience: the national research data infrastructure initiative
Authors: Klingner Carsten M. , Ritter Petra , Brodoehl Stefan , Gaser Christian , Scherag André , Güllmar Daniel , Rosenow Felix , Ziemann Ulf , Witte Otto W.
Published: January 2021

In clinical neuroscience, there are considerable difficulties in translating basic research into clinical applications such as diagnostic tools or therapeutic interventions. This gap, known as the “valley of death,” was mainly attributed to the problem of “small numbers” in clinical neuroscience research, i.e. sample sizes that are too small (Hutson et al., 2017). As a possible solution, it has been repeatedly suggested to systematically manage research data to provide long-term storage, accessibility, and federate data. This goal is supported by a current call of the DFG for a national research data infrastructure (NFDI). This article will review current challenges and possible solutions specific to clinical neuroscience and discuss them in the context of other national and international health data initiatives. A successful NFDI consortium will help to overcome not only the “valley of death” but also promises a path to individualized medicine by enabling big data to produce generalizable results based on artificial intelligence and other methods.
Revealing grain coarsening and detwinning in bimodal Cu under tension
Authors: Liu Silu , Zhao Yonghao
Published: January 2021

Metals with a bimodal grain size distribution have been found to have both high strength and good ductility. However, the coordinated deformation mechanisms underneath the ultrafine-grains (UFGs) and coarse grains (CGs) still remain undiscovered yet. In present work, a bimodal Cu with 80% volume fraction of recrystallized micro-grains was prepared by the annealing of equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) processed ultrafine grained Cu at 473 K for 40 min. The bimodal Cu has an optimal strength-ductility combination (yield strength of 220 MPa and ductility of 34%), a larger shear fracture angle of 83° and a larger area reduction of 78% compared with the as-ECAPed UFG Cu (yield strength of 410 MPa, ductility of 16%, shear fracture angle of 70°, area reduction of 69%). Grain refinement of recrystallized micro-grains and detwinning of annealing growth twins were observed in the fractured bimodal Cu tensile specimen. The underlying deformation mechanisms for grain refinement and detwinning were analyzed and discussed.
The normalized distance Laplacian
Authors: Reinhart Carolyn
Published: January 2021

The distance matrix 𝒟(G) of a connected graph G is the matrix containing the pairwise distances between vertices. The transmission of a vertex vi in G is the sum of the distances from vi to all other vertices and T(G) is the diagonal matrix of transmissions of the vertices of the graph. The normalized distance Laplacian, 𝒟𝒧(G) = I−T(G)−1/2 𝒟(G)T(G)−1/2, is introduced. This is analogous to the normalized Laplacian matrix, 𝒧(G) = I − D(G)−1/2
A(G)D(G)−1/2, where D(G) is the diagonal matrix of degrees of the vertices of the graph and A(G) is the adjacency matrix. Bounds on the spectral radius of 𝒟 𝒧 and connections with the normalized Laplacian matrix are presented. Twin vertices are used to determine eigenvalues of the normalized distance Laplacian. The distance generalized characteristic polynomial is defined and its properties established. Finally, 𝒟𝒧-cospectrality and lack thereof are determined for all graphs on 10 and fewer vertices, providing evidence that the normalized distance Laplacian has fewer cospectral pairs than other matrices.
Further generalization of symmetric multiplicity theory to the geometric case over a field
Authors: Cinzori Isaac , Johnson Charles R. , Lang Hannah , Saiago Carlos M.
Published: January 2021

Using the recent geometric Parter-Wiener, etc. theorem and related results, it is shown that much of the multiplicity theory developed for real symmetric matrices associated with paths and generalized stars remains valid for combinatorially symmetric matrices over a field. A characterization of generalized stars in the case of combinatorially symmetric matrices is given.
Block circulant matrices and the spectra of multivariate stationary sequences
Authors: Bolla Marianna , Szabados Tamás , Baranyi Máté , Abdelkhalek Fatma
Published: January 2021

Given a weakly stationary, multivariate time series with absolutely summable autocovariances, asymptotic relation is proved between the eigenvalues of the block Toeplitz matrix of the first n autocovariances and the union of spectra of the spectral density matrices at the n Fourier frequencies, as n → ∞. For the proof, eigenvalues and eigenvectors of block circulant matrices are used. The proved theorem has important consequences as for the analogies between the time and frequency domain calculations. In particular, the complex principal components are used for low-rank approximation of the process; whereas, the block Cholesky decomposition of the block Toeplitz matrix gives rise to dimension reduction within the innovation subspaces. The results are illustrated on a financial time series.
Asymptotic Inference for Optimal Rerandomization Designs
Authors: Schultzberg Mårten , Johansson Per
Published: January 2021

Recently a computational-based experimental design strategy called rerandomization has been proposed as an alternative or complement to traditional blocked designs. The idea of rerandomization is to remove, from consideration, those allocations with large imbalances in observed covariates according to a balance criterion, and then randomize within the set of acceptable allocations. Based on the Mahalanobis distance criterion for balancing the covariates, we show that asymptotic inference to the population, from which the units in the sample are randomly drawn, is possible using only the set of best, or ‘optimal’, allocations. Finally, we show that for the optimal and near optimal designs, the quite complex asymptotic sampling distribution derived by Li et al. (2018), is well approximated by a normal distribution.
Remarks on axion-electrodynamics
Authors: Bruce Stanley A.
Published: January 2021

We propose a simple generalization of axion-electrodynamics (A-ED) for the general case in which both scalar and pseudoscalar axion-like fields are present in the (scalar) Lagrangian of the system. We make some remarks on the problem of finding solutions to the differential equations of motion characterizing the propagation of coupled axion fields and electromagnetic (EM) waves. Our primary goal (which is not explored here) is to understand and predict novel phenomena that have no counterpart in pseudoscalar A-ED. With this end in view, we discuss on very general grounds possible processes related to scalar (and pseudoscalar) axions, e.g., the Primakoff effect; the Compton scattering; and, notably, the EM two-photon axion decay.
A highly efficient and green approach for the synthesis of pyrimido[4,5-b]quinolines using N,N-diethyl-N-sulfoethanaminium chloride
Authors: Zare Abdolkarim , Dianat Manije
Published: January 2021

A highly efficient and green protocol for the synthesis of pyrimido[4,5-b]quinolines has been described. The one-pot multicomponent reaction of dimedone with arylaldehydes and 6-amino-1,3-dimethyluracil in the presence of N,N-diethyl-N-sulfoethanaminium chloride ([Et3N–SO3H][Cl]) as an ionic liquid (IL) catalyst under solvent-free conditions afforded the mentioned compounds in high yields and short reaction times. Our protocol is superior to many of the reported protocols in terms of two or more of these factors: the reaction times, yields, conditions (solvent-free versus usage of organic solvents), temperature and catalyst amount.
Interaction of sulphone based reactive dyes with cationic surfactant: a spectroscopic and conductometric study
Authors: Iram Misbah , Sultana Hamadia , Usman Muhammad , Ahmad Bazgha , Akram Nadia , Siddiq Muhammad , Rashid Sadaf
Published: January 2021

Interaction of sulphone based reactive dyes, designated as dye-1 and dye-2, with cationic micellar system of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), has been investigated by spectroscopic and conductometeric measurements. Efficiency of the selected micellar systems is assessed by the values of binding constant (K

b
), partition coefficient (K

x
) and respective Gibbs energies. Critical micelle concentration (CMC) of surfactant, electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions as well as polarity of the medium plays significant role in this phenomenon. The negative values of Gibbs energies of binding (∆G
b
) and partition (∆G
p
) predicts the feasibility and spontaneity of respective processes. Similarly negative values of ∆G
m
and ∆H
m
and positive values of ∆S
m

, calculated from conductometeric data, further, revealed the exothermicity, spontaneity and, thus, stability of system. The results, herein, have disclosed the strong interaction between dye and surfactant molecules. The dye-2 has been observed to be solubilized to greater extent, as compared to dye 1, due to strong interaction ith hydrophiles of CTAB and accommodation of its molecules in palisade layer of micelle closer to the micelle/water interface.
Выборы нового председателя Христианско-демократического союза Германии
Authors: Belov Vladislav
Published: January 2021

6 января 2021 г. на съезде ХДС, прошедшем в онлайн-формате, был избран новый председатель партии. Им стал премьер-министр земли Северный Рейн – Вестфалия Армин Лашет, сменивший на этом посту Аннегрет Крамп-Карренбауэр. Вопреки большинству прогнозов он выиграл у фаворита Фридриха Мерца. Автор анализирует значение этого события для ХДС, оценивает перспективы партии в рамках года супервыборов в Германии, прогнозирует развитие российско-германских отношений.
Transient deSUMOylation of IRF2BP proteins controls early transcription in EGFR signaling
Authors: Barysch Sina V , Stankovic‐Valentin Nicolas , Miedema Tim , Karaca Samir , Doppel Judith , Nait Achour Thiziri , Vasudeva Aarushi , Wolf Lucie , Sticht Carsten , Urlaub Henning , Melchior Frauke
Published: January 2021

Molecular switches are essential modules in signaling networks and transcriptional reprogramming. Here, we describe a role for small ubiquitin‐related modifier SUMO as a molecular switch in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. Using quantitative mass spectrometry, we compare the endogenous SUMO proteomes of HeLa cells before and after EGF stimulation. Thereby, we identify a small group of transcriptional coregulators including IRF2BP1, IRF2BP2, and IRF2BPL as novel players in EGFR signaling. Comparison of cells expressing wild type or SUMOylation‐deficient IRF2BP1 indicates that transient deSUMOylation of IRF2BP proteins is important for appropriate expression of immediate early genes including dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1, MKP‐1) and the transcription factor ATF3. We find that IRF2BP1 is a repressor, whose transient deSUMOylation on the DUSP1 promoter allows—and whose timely reSUMOylation restricts—DUSP1 transcription. Our work thus provides a paradigm how comparative SUMO proteome analyses serve to reveal novel regulators in signal transduction and transcription.
High Yield Dihydroxystearic Acid (DHSA) Based on Kinetic Model from Epoxidized Palm Oil
Authors: Jalil Mohd Jumain , Ismail Kamariah Noor , Hidayu Abdul Rani , Hassan Mohamad Hasni , Azmi Intan Suhada , Yamin Aliff Farhan Bin Mohd , Kamal Khairul Azhar
Published: January 2021

In recent years, studies related to the epoxidation of fatty acids have garnered much interest due to the rising demand for eco-friendly epoxides derived from vegetable oils. From the epoxidation reaction, there is a side reaction involving epoxide and water. This reaction produces a by-product – dihydroxystearic acid (C18H36O4, DHSA). DHSA is one of the chemical precursors in the production of cosmetic products. Therefore, a kinetic model was developed to determine the optimised epoxidation process and concentration of DHSA, where each of the reactions was identified. The kinetic rate, k parameters obtained were: k11 = 6.6442, k12 = 11.0185, k21 = 0.1026 for epoxidation palm oleic acid, and k41 = 0.0021, k51 = 0.0142 in degradation process. The minimum error of the simulation was 0.0937. In addition, DHSA yield optimisation was done through Taguchi method, and the optimum conditions obtained were H2O2/oleic acid – OA unsaturation molar ratio 1 : 1 (level 2), formic acid – FA/OA unsaturation molar ratio 0.5 : 1 (level 1), temperature 35 °C (level 1), and agitation speed 100 rpm (level 1). A high yield of DHSA can be achieved under these conditions.
A Grey Wolf Optimizer-based Fractional Calculus in Studies on Solar Drying
Authors: Abdelkader Mahdad , Amrane Abdeltif , Hentabli Mohamed , Hanini Salah , Laidi Maamar
Published: January 2021

In this novel article, a comparative study has been conducted between analytical and fractional solution of Fick’s first- and second-order of diffusion to model the solar drying process of different products and dryers under different operating parameters. Laplace and Laplace’s inverse transform have been used to obtain the solution in function with two parameters: the order index n and the fractional time index α of the above Fick’s laws, and their parameters have been non-linearly optimised using a grey wolf optimisation (GWO) algorithm. The results showed that the anomalous diffusion phenomenon during the drying process is best described by the fractional‐order model. Values obtained using the model MR12 were in better agreement with the experimental data than the values obtained using the other selected models with very acceptable statistical parameters.
Plasma levels of glucagon but not GLP-1 are elevated in response to inflammation in humans
Authors: Modrzynska Justyna , Klein Christine F , Iversen Kasper , Bundgaard Henning , Hartmann Bolette , Mose Maike , Rittig Nikolaj , Møller Niels , Holst Jens J , Wewer Albrechtsen Nicolai J
Published: January 2021

Objective

Glucagon and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) originate from the common precursor, proglucagon, and their plasma concentrations have been reported to be increased during inflammatory conditions. Increased blood glucose levels are frequently observed in septic patients, and therefore we hypothesized that glucagon, but not GLP-1, is increased in individuals with inflammation.

Design

Prospective longitudinal cohort study.

Materials and methods

We measured glucagon and GLP-1 in plasma sampled consecutively in three cohorts consisting of patients with infective endocarditis (n = 16), urosepsis (n = 28) and post-operative inflammation following percutaneous aortic valve implantation or thoracic endovascular aortic repair (n = 5). Correlations between C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation, and glucagon and GLP-1 concentrations were investigated. Additionally, glucagon and GLP-1 concentrations were measured after a bolus infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 ng/kg) in nine healthy young males.

Results

Glucagon and CRP were positively and significantly correlated (r = 0.27; P = 0.0003), whereas no significant association between GLP-1 and CRP was found (r = 0.08, P = 0.30). LPS infusion resulted in acute systemic inflammation reflected by increased temperature, pulse, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and concomitantly increased concentrations of glucagon (P < 0.05) but not GLP-1.

Conclusions

Systemic inflammation caused by bacterial infections or developed as a non-infected condition is associated with increased plasma concentration of glucagon, but not GLP-1. Hyperglucagonemia may contribute to the impaired glucose control in patients with systemic inflammatory diseases.
Equipajes de historias : “Los secretos de abuelo sapo” de la autora Keiko Kasza
Authors: Fredy Leonardo Palencia Puerto
Published: January 2021

Bajo las presentes circunstancias dadas por el COVID19, y las consecuencias humanas que este ha acarreado, se hace necesario establecer dinámicas de trabajo alternativas en donde se pueda brindar continuidad a los propósitos dispuestos en el proyecto de extensión “Equipaje de historias” a través de las plataformas virtuales de la universidad haciendo extensivos los contenidos a diferentes sectores de la comunidad tomasina. La Facultad de Diseño Gráfico invita a la población objetivo a disfrutar de la lectura en voz alta de cuentos recomendados por el plan nacional de lectura, en esta oportunidad el cuento elegido es “Los secretos de abuelo sapo” de la autora Keiko Kasza
Equipajes de historias: ¿Disculpe es usted una bruja?
Authors: Palencia Puerto Fredy Leonardo
Published: January 2021

Bajo las presentes circunstancias dadas por el COVID19, y las consecuencias humanas que este ha acarreado, se hace necesario establecer dinámicas de trabajo alternativas en donde se pueda brindar continuidad a los propósitos dispuestos en el proyecto de extensión “Equipaje de historias” a través de las plataformas virtuales de la universidad haciendo extensivos los contenidos a diferentes sectores de la comunidad tomasina. La Facultad de Diseño Gráfico invita a la población objetivo a disfrutar de la lectura en voz alta de cuentos recomendados por el plan nacional de lectura, en esta oportunidad el cuento elegido es “Disculpe, ¿Es usted una bruja?” de la autora Emily Horn.
Ponencia XI Jornada - Clara Inés Jaramillo Gaviria - Carlos Eduardo Álvarez Martínez- Chile - 2015-1
Authors: Clara Inés Jaramillo Gaviria , Carlos Eduardo Álvarez Martínez
Published: January 2021

El propósito de esta ponencia es presentar los aspectos relevantes y problemáticos de la experiencia del uso de Ambientes Virtuales de Aprendizaje como herramienta de apoyo para las horas de trabajo independiente de los estudiantes en los cursos en la Educación Superior. Las siguiente preguntas servirán de hilo conductor para esta reflexión ¿Cómo promover el uso de los Ambientes Virtuales de Aprendizaje como herramientas de apoyo para el trabajo independiente de los estudiantes en los cursos de la modalidad presencial?
Pilot study on low-density binderless bark particleboards manufacture from gelam wood (Melaleuca sp.) bark
Authors: Christy Eva Oktoberyani , Soemarno  , Sumarlan Sumardi Hadi , Soehardjono Agoes
Published: January 2021

The production of low-density binderless bark particleboards (LDBBP) from gelam wood bark (GWB) using a hot pressing method at low temperature (128 °C) and pressure (30 kg × cm-2) was explored by examining their physical properties according to SNI 03-2105-2006 (2006). They were also examined via scanning electron microscope (SEM)-energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) observation. The LDBBPs were manufactured using two types of GWB particles: (1) bark waste that was peeled off of small-diameter trees < 10 cm (A) and, (2) bark that was directly peeled off from a standing tree with an average diameter of 10 cm to 15 cm (B). Results showed that the average values of the physical properties of LDBBP(A) and LDBBP(B) met the SNI 03-2105-2006 (2006) requirements in terms of density, moisture content, and thickness swelling after being immersed for 24 h for particleboard type 24-10 and type 17.5-10.5 with maximum thickness swelling requirement 20%. However, they failed to meet the maximum thickness swelling criterion of 12% for other particleboard types. Subsequent internal morphology observation using SEM indicated the presence of cracks on LDBBP (A), so only LDBBP (B) could be manufactured without delamination. Gelam bark could potentially be used to produce non-adhesive particleboards.
Safety and efficacy of a iota-carrageenan nasal spray in treatment and prevention of the common cold
Authors: Bichiri Diana , Rente Ana Rita , Jesus Ângelo
Published: January 2021

The common cold is one of the most frequent viral infections in humans. Although benign, its symptoms result in economic burden and can lead to severe or even fatal complications in children, elderly and groups with comorbidities. The main purpose of the treatment is the relief of symptoms; however, the medication is often associated with adverse effects. Iota-carrageenan is a polysaccharide that reveals antiviral activity by binding to viruses, inhibiting its replications and, consequently, its viral propagation. This systematic review of the literature aims to compare the effectiveness of an iota-carrageenan nasal spray to placebo. This systematic review was conducted through research in Cochrane Database, PubMed, Science Direct, SpringerLink, Oxford Journals, Elsevier, ClinicalKey, Wiley Online Library, Embase databases, in order to collect randomized and controlled clinical trials. In total, the research provided four articles regarding clinical trials for comparing iota-carrageenan nasal spray with placebo. The results show it has potent antiviral activity compared to placebo and  a favorable safety profile. Although further research is needed, the concept of a physical barrier capable of reducing viral penetration of epithelial cells in the nasal mucosa is appealing, and could lead to alternative approaches, with positive impact on global health.
Editorial: historia y presente en emergencia
Authors: Hering Torres Max S.
Published: January 2021

Un enemigo invisible puso en reposo a gran parte del sistema económico del mundo. Se trató del virus SARS-COV-2, que, para octubre de 2020, cobraba mundialmente ya más de treinta millones de contagiados, más de un millón de muertos y todavía estaba lejos de desaparecer. La pandemia, en sus inicios, generó una concentración temática tan fuerte en los medios de comunicación que todo lo que sucedía por fuera de sus lógicas tenía la posibilidad de pasar rápidamente al olvido o incluso desapercibido. Más allá del desastre humano, la pandemia produjo algo perverso: cálculo político. Y, en sintonía con esta lógica, todo aquello que durante la normalidad cotidiana ponía en jaque a la democracia, en plena pandemia, fue más extremo: una serie de acontecimientos destruía los principios democráticos como consecuencia del estado de emergencia sanitario.
Charles Bergquist: historia vivida, historia pensada
Authors: Sánchez Gómez Gonzalo
Published: January 2021

Charles Bergquist, historiador de la Universidad de Stanford (1973), profesor durante años de la Universidad de Duke (1972-1988) y luego de la Universidad de Washington (1989-2007) en Seattle, murió plácidamente, tras una velada con amigos, el 30 de julio pasado, a sus 78 años de edad. Chuck, como lo conocíamos familiarmente, hacía parte de esa gran red de estudiosos y promotores de Colombia en el exterior que, desde por lo menos la primera mitad del siglo XX, comenzaron a interesarse en la economía, la sociedad y la cultura de nuestro país, y que, en décadas recientes, se organizaron en torno a la Asociación de Colombianistas.
Elecciones y orden social en Nueva Granada, de la monarquía a la república
Authors: Vanegas Useche Isidro
Published: January 2021

Este artículo examina la naturaleza de las elecciones, tanto en el orden monárquico como en el republicano del periodo revolucionario, analizando su rol en la representación que elabora la sociedad sobre sí misma. Muestra cómo en el primero las elecciones, aunque abundantes, tuvieron un rol accesorio, ligado a la designación de responsabilidades marginales en el conjunto de un orden trascendente, mientras que en la república las elecciones pasaron a ser centrales, como expresión de la atomización de la sociedad a partir del principio del ciudadano abstracto que solo obedece la autoridad y la ley si son producto del consentimiento.
Cycling in South America, 1880-1920
Authors: Brown Matthew
Published: January 2021

Historians have tended to ignore the South American experience of cycling. The continent’s diverse history of sports has been effaced by a popular and academic focus on soccer. The global history of cycling has therefore omitted South America from its analysis, perpetuating mistaken assumptions about the continent’s absence from technological and social innovation. This article analyses the sources located across the continent to demonstrate that cyclists raced, toured, and did acrobatics, often watched by thousands of spectators, attracting the attention of chroniclers and the media. The physical sensations of travelling through the environment on a pedal-powered machine were new and unexpected. With its focus on cycling as sport, recreation and mode of transport, this article inserts South America into the early global history of cycling.
El centenario de la Expedición Libertadora al Perú: ¿un homenaje a la confraternidad? Apropiaciones entre Argentina, Chile y Perú
Authors: Ortemberg Pablo
Published: January 2021

En 1920 se celebró el centenario de la Expedición Libertadora en Argentina, Chile y Perú. Esta conmemoración anticipa el ciclo de centenarios latinoamericanos de la tercera década del siglo XX. El artículo analiza la conmemoración a partir de tres escalas de apropiación: local, nacional e internacional. Examina los modos de conmemorar, restituye sentidos, performances y narrativas empleados por los tres gobiernos nacionales, junto con elementos del mundo asociativo. Pone en relación los festejos con los intereses geopolíticos en juego, en particular la cada vez más álgida “cuestión del Pacífico”. Se observa un intenso uso local de la efeméride por parte de la ciudad de Pisco y destaca la instrumentalización internacional del presidente Augusto B. Leguía para acercarse a la Argentina y aislar a Chile, a modo de ensayo de los centenarios de 1921 y 1924. Estos últimos países darán un peso menor al evento en su calendario, donde sobresale la iniciativa asociacionista por sobre la gubernamental. El análisis se inscribe en una línea historiográfica reciente con eje en el carácter conectado y transnacional de las conmemoraciones nacionales. Metodológicamente, se sustenta en prensa comercial y revistas ilustradas de Argentina, Chile y Perú, y documentación de los archivos diplomáticos de las tres cancillerías.
Os limites da liberdade: lei de imprensa e embates políticos no Rio de Janeiro da Primeira República
Authors: Antunes Maciel Laura
Published: January 2021

Este texto acompanha os embates travados entre jornais empresariais, operários, críticos e independentes durante a formulação da primeira lei de imprensa brasileira, procurando evidenciar suas posições e argumentos a favor e contra a imposição de limites ao exercício da liberdade de imprensa. Debate algumas questões em torno da criminalização do exercício da liberdade de expressão em meio às tensões sociais e políticas daqueles primeiros anos da experiência republicana. Destaca articulações entre a definição legal de “crimes de imprensa” com o processo mais amplo de aprovação de leis repressivas para combate ao anarquismo e à expulsão de estrangeiros. Propõe, ainda, que a explicação para a emergência histórica da lei não pode considerar apenas o acirramento das disputas político-eleitorais mas a constituição de mecanismos jurídicos para coibir e limitar a imprensa crítica em geral e a imprensa operária em particular.
Fabio Wasserman, comp. El mundo en movimiento. El concepto de revolución en Iberoamérica y el Atlántico norte (siglos XVII-XX).
Authors: Mojica Villamil Alejandro
Published: January 2021

En las últimas dos décadas el examen de los conceptos políticos fundamentales ha sido un campo de estudio que sigue produciendo interesantes resultados. A partir de la red Iberconceptos y la elaboración del Diccionario político y social del mundo iberoamericano —que ya posee dos tomos—, se ha logrado examinar la importancia de una veintena de conceptos claves para comprender el devenir de los procesos sociopolíticos de diversos países entre 1750 y 1870. Precisamente este libro, bajo la compilación de Fabio Wasserman, amplía y enriquece esta línea investigativa centrando su mirada específicamente en el concepto “revolución”. Además, incorpora otros procesos de transformación política y social que antecedieron o sucedieron paralelamente a los desarrollados en Iberoamérica, tales como los ocurridos en Inglaterra, Francia, América del Norte y las Antillas Francesas.
Carlos Camacho Arango, Margarita Garrido Otoya y Daniel Gutiérrez Ardila, eds. Paz en la República. Colombia, siglo XIX.
Authors: Muñoz Rojas Catalina
Published: January 2021

Este libro compilado es un esfuerzo muy pertinente por hacer la historia relevante para el presente. En medio de las controversias que han suscitado recientemente las negociaciones de paz con las farc y el eln, este grupo de historiadores se propone “enriquecer estos debates con el estudio de los períodos de paz decimonónicos, con el fin de darle profundidad a la inmediatista mirada habitual” (p. 16). Ojalá con más frecuencia los historiadores nos animáramos a enriquecer el debate público con una perspectiva de más larga duración, tan fundamental para la comprensión de la coyuntura. Además de aportar profundidad histórica, nos invitan a romper con la creencia generalizada de que la guerra ha sido una constante en la historia de Colombia. Para hacerlo, abordan el siglo XIX, que repetidamente hemos llamado “el siglo de las guerras civiles”, y nos demuestran que no lo fue: afirman que, después de 1839, cuando empieza la primera guerra civil propiamente dicha, hubo catorce años de guerra y cien de paz. Los capítulos estudian las paces hechas tras cada una de las ocho guerras civiles del siglo XIX y su conexión con el retorno posterior a la guerra. De esta manera, dirigen nuestra atención a lo que ha sido mayoritariamente espacio negativo ante nuestros ojos, más acostumbrados a ver la guerra.
Alberto Harambour. Soberanías fronterizas. Estados y capital en la colonización de Patagonia (Argentina y Chile, 1830-1922).
Authors: Uribe Simón
Published: January 2021

Uno de los rasgos comunes en la historiografía sobre los procesos poscoloniales de formación nacional en América Latina ha sido la noción de la soberanía como una fuerza civilizatoria encarnada en el estado, el cual se ha asumido a su vez como un aparato que se expande siguiendo una trayectoria centrífuga, absorbiendo gradualmente territorios y poblaciones por fuera de su control o resistentes al mismo. En esta lectura, el fracaso o éxito de los estados se ha concebido frecuentemente como un efecto de su capacidad —o incapacidad— de extender su poder a la totalidad del territorio bajo su jurisdicción, y de construir y sostener en el tiempo una identidad política homogénea.
Aldo Marchesi. Hacer la revolución. Guerrillas latinoamericanas, de los años sesenta a la caída del Muro.
Authors: Lizarazo Vega Sergio Fabián
Published: January 2021

Uno de los temas recurrentes en los estudios sobre la historia reciente de América Latina es la violencia política de la segunda mitad del siglo XX. En particular, para el caso de los países del Cono Sur, las reflexiones académicas en torno a las luchas sociales y políticas protagonizadas por distintos sectores y organizaciones armadas o civiles; la respuesta autoritaria de las dictaduras militares; sus respectivas consecuencias humanitarias; y los procesos de transición política hacia la democracia, han sido temas relevantes para el conjunto de las ciencias sociales de la región y del mundo. Pues bien, el libro del historiador uruguayo Aldo Marchesi, ganador del premio a “Mejor libro en Historia reciente y Memoria” de la Latin American Studies Association en 2020, nos presenta una versión novedosa e integral sobre estas temáticas como resultado de su investigación doctoral.
Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica. Y a la vida por fin daremos todo... Memorias de las y los trabajadores y extrabajadores de la agroindustria de la palma de aceite en el Cesar, 1959-2018.
Authors: Jaramillo Marín Jefferson
Published: January 2021

Este libro es una reconstrucción colectiva de la memoria de las y los trabajadores y extrabajadores de la palma en el departamento del Cesar (Colombia) entre 1950 y 2018, donde hubo al menos 249 víctimas que tuvieron relación directa con la organización sindical. Las organizaciones que participan del informe son la Fundación de Apoyo y Consolidación Social para los desplazados por la Violencia en Colombia —FUNDESVIC—, el Sindicato Nacional de Trabajadores de la Industria del Cultivo y Procesamiento de Aceites y Vegetales —SINTRAPROACEITES— y el Sindicato Nacional de Trabajadores de la Industria Agropecuaria —SINTRAINAGRO—.
OPPORTUNITIES FOR INNOVATION AND GROWTH IN THE BULGARIAN ECONOMY
Authors: Pirimova Vera
Published: January 2021

The main objective of the report is to systematize the potential and available opportunities for increasing the innovations and stimulating through them the economic growth in Bulgaria. The interest in such an analysis is triggered by the great importance of innovation for increasing the competitiveness and export potential of firms and accelerating the rates of economic growth. It is assumed that by 2018 Bulgaria is lagging behind in innovation, according to data from the European Innovation Scoreboard 2018 Bulgaria is defined as a "modest innovator". At the same time, Bulgaria ranks fourth in innovation dynamics, but has an unbalanced innovation system. Similar diversity assessments lead to an analysis of the opportunities for innovation and growth, which are revealed in the report depending on the sectoral structure of GDP, the size structure and the sectoral distribution of the Bulgarian companies and innovations. The results show certain limitations and insufficiently exploited opportunities for innovation in certain economic spheres, existence of retention factors and prerequisites. The main conclusion is the limited possibilities for expected moderate impulse of the innovations and growth in the Bulgarian economy in the coming years. In the study, methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, and methods of descriptive analysis are used.
Peran Pemimpin dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Pegawai
Authors: Wahyudi Digit Eka , Rahman Arif , Herman Herman
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this research is to find out the leader policy in BAZNAS Karawang in improving employee performance. To find out the implementation of leadership in BAZNAS Karawang. And to find out the leadership evaluation at BAZNAS Karawang. This study included qualitative research using descriptive methods. Data collection used was interviews, observation and documentation. For research subjects, the chairman of BAZNAS Karawang and his staff. The results found in this study are that the BAZNAS leaders in Karawang have been able to make their employees continue to improve their performance, performance improvements are formed through general and specific policies that are made so that employees remain disciplined, besides implementing leadership by making training, creating harmonious situation, giving awards and also emphasizing the motivation of worship makes the employees not only capable in working but also loyal to BAZNAS so work by wholeheartedly, and through the evaluation made all the mistakes that have occurred can be minimized in the future.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui kebijakan pemimpin di BAZNAS Karawang dalam meningkatkan kinerja pegawai. Untuk mengetahui implementasi kepemimpinan di BAZNAS Karawang. Dan Untuk mengetahui evaluasi kepemimpinan di BAZNAS Karawang. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kualitatif yang menggunakan metode deskriptif. Pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Untuk subyek penelitian adalah ketua BAZNAS Karawang beserta staffnya. Adapun hasil yang ditemukan dari penelitian ini yaitu bahwa pemimpin BAZNAS Karawang telah mampu menjadikan para pegawainya untuk terus meningkatkan kinerjanya, peningkatan kinerja tersebut dibentuk melalui kebijakan umum dan spesifik yang dibuatnya agar para pegawai tetap disiplin, selain itu mengimplementasikan kepemimpinannya dengan cara membuat membuat pelatihan, menciptakan situasi harmonis, memberikan penghargaan dan juga menekankan motivasi ibadah menjadikan para pegawai tidak hanya mumpuni dalam bekerja namun juga loyal terhadap BAZNAS sehingga bekerja dengan sepenuh hati, dan melalui evaluasi yang diadakannya menjadikan segala kesalahan yang pernah terjadi dapat diminimalisir untuk kedepannya.
Analisis Kemampuan Koneksi Matematika dalam Pemecahan Masalah Segitiga
Authors: Yuwono Timbul , Londar Everista Gema , Suwanti Vivi
Published: January 2021

This study aims to describe the mathematical connection ability of students in the high, medium, and low categories in solving math problems based on Polya's steps. This study used a qualitative approach with descriptive methods carried out in class VII SMP PGRI 06 Malang in the 2019/2020 academic year. The subjects of this study were 22 students of which three students' categorized into high mathematical connection ability, four students categorized into medium mathematical connection ability, and fifteen students categorized into low mathematical connection ability. The results of this study show that students with the high category of mathematical connection ability were able to connect between concepts by making concept maps and solving problems well. Students with the medium group of mathematical connection ability can connect between concept, but in the episode of implementing the plan and looking back at the results of their work did not do well. Students with the low category of mathematical connection ability cannot connect between concepts, so they cannot understand the problem well and cannot plan problem-solving.
Miskonsepsi Siswa pada Pemahaman Konsep Bangun Ruang
Authors: Muchyidin Arif , Nurlatif Lefi , Nursuprianah Indah
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study is to describe 8th-grade students’ misconceptions in solving surface area and volume of beam and cube problems and their causal factors. This is qualitative descriptive research. Based on the research, students’ misconceptions in solving surface area and volume of beam and cube problems are misconceptions on the concept of a beam, misconceptions on the concept of the cube, misconceptions on the concept of prerequisite material, misconceptions on unit comprehension, misconceptions on the understanding of meaning, and misconceptions on sign and number operations. While the causal factors of misconception are students’ assumptions about the lack of importance of concepts so students only memorize formulas, students are not able to associate one concept with other concepts, lack of understanding concepts in prerequisite material, misunderstanding the meaning of words in a problem, students have difficulty understanding pictures., misunderstanding the difference in the size of area and length.
Profil Higher Order Thinking Skills Mahasiswa dalam Memecahkan Masalah Geometri
Authors: Sulistyorini Yunis , Napfiah Siti , Yazidah Nok Izatul , Argarini Dian Fitri , Listiani Welas
Published: January 2021

HOTS is the ability to combine and develop newly acquired information and prior knowledge to solve non-routine problems. HOTS refers to the revised Bloom's Taxonomy which consists of analyzing, evaluating, and creating. However, this study was only analyzing (C4) and evaluating (C5). This study aimed to describe the HOTS profile of students in solving geometry problems. This type of research was descriptive qualitative research with the subject consisting of two students with high learning ability, each of whom was selected to represent two different Euclid Geometry classes. Data collection consisted of solving HOTS problems and unstructured interviews. The results showed that the two subjects had not been able to achieve high order thinking ability indicators. Students' higher-order thinking skills still need to be improved. Mathematics learning should designing considering the critical and creative thinking aspects to develop students' HOTS learning should be designed by considering critical and creative thinking aspects to develop students' HOTS.
Peranan Untung Surapati di Wilayah Mataram dalam Babad Trunajaya-Surapati
Authors: Wijaya Guntur Sekti , N. Achmad Zulfikar , Rofiqoh Alhadisatur , Rofikoh Dwi , Widayawati Widayawati , Villah Khusnul , Arfi Puji M. , W. Syahrul Ramadhan
Published: January 2021

Babad Trunajaya-Surapati tells about the life journey of a character named Untung, a child who came from Bali. This study aims to determine the role of Untung Surapati in Mataram based on Babad Trunajaya-Surapati. This study uses qualitative method based on the main literature of which has been rewritten in Indonesian as well as the delicate Javanese language written by Sudibjo Z. H. and translated by Soeparmo (2011). The results of this study are (1) The story of Untung Surapati, (2) The background of the arrival of Untung Surapati to Mataram, and (3) The role of Untung Surapati in Mataram based on Babad Trunajaya-Surapati. Overall, it can be seen that the role of Untung Surapati in the Mataram was recorded in Babad Trunajaya-Surapati.
Upaya Membranding Stigma Negatif Tradisi Nikah Sirri di Desa Kalisat, Rembang, Pasuruan Melalui Pelestarian Tradisi Gebluk
Authors: Khodafi Muhammad , Novitasari Hotimah
Published: January 2021

This study aims to (1) Determine the tradition of unregistered marriage and (2) Analyze the positive potential of Gebluk tradition in Kalisat Village as an effort to compare the negative stigma of unregistered marriage. This study uses qualitative research methods based on techniques (1) Literature study, (2) Participant observation and (3) Field studies. This study uses the theory of (1) Historical-Anthropology, (2) Anthony Giddens-Structuration, and (3) Derrida-Deconstruction. The results of this study are that Gebluk tradition is one of the media of Islamization in the village of Kalisat, Rembang, Pasuruan, East Java in the 1960s and is still preserved today. Overall, it can be seen that efforts of branding the negative stigma of the unregistered marriage tradition in Kalisat village are carried out through the preservation of Gebluk tradition through the optimization of the positive potential of both the internal and external pathways.
Domestikasi Ruang dalam Durga Umayi: Melampaui Nation, Menuju “Tubuh Politis”
Authors: Fawaid Achmad
Published: January 2021

This paper aim to show the "spatial politics" strategy done by Mangunwijaya in Durga Umayi (1991).  Spatiality was formed through the character of a female figure, Iin Sulinda Pertiwi Nusamusbida, who continuously created tension and contestation towards the 'ideal home' (place) imagined by the state.  Mangunwijaya deconstructed and dominated places by offering scale reversal and exceeding the idea (geographical) of the nation through magical realism, domestic space, travel, and the body.
Sejarah Peristiwa Sumpah Palapa dalam Kitab Pararaton
Authors: Santoso Dwi , Firmaningsih Ayu , Setyowati Deivy Nur
Published: January 2021

This study aims to (1) know the background of Sumpah Palapa event, (2) analyze the value and ideology of Sumpah Palapa, and (3) describe the impact of Sumpah Palapa on the Majapahit Kingdom recorded in the Pararaton Book. This study uses a qualitative research method based on the Pararaton Book which was rewritten by Hardjowadojo (1965). The results of this study are (1) the background of Sumpah Palapa (Amukti Palapa) as a manifestation of Gajah Mada's political policy to invade several regions in the archipelago in order to unite them under the reign of Majapahit, (2) the value and ideology of Sumpah Palapa in the Pararaton Book which are the similarity of the slogan of Bhineka Tunggal Ika, Sumpah Palapa, and Mitreka Satata. All of them are the spirit to unite the diversity of the archipelago in one sovereignty, (3) There are three impacts of Sumpah Palapa recorded in the Pararaton Book namely Bubat War; the cessation of Gajah Mada as Mahapatih Amangkubhumi; and the death of Princess of Sunda who was the future wife Prabu Hayam Wuruk. Overall, it can be seen that the history of Sumpah Palapa event had been recorded in the Pararaton Book and were in accordance with other historical data that become the sources of literature references in this study.