bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gastroprotective Effect of Ethanolic Extract ofCurcuma xanthorrhizaLeaf against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Lesions inSprague-DawleyRats
Authors: Rahim Nurhidayah Ab. , Hassandarvish Pouya , Golbabapour Shahram , Ismail Salmah , Tayyab Saad , Abdulla Mahmood Ameen
Published: March 2014

Herbal medicines appeared promising in prevention of many diseases. This study was conducted to investigate the gastroprotective effect ofCurcuma xanthorrhizaleaf in the rats induced gastric ulcer by ethanol. Normal and ulcer control received carboxymethycellulose (5 mL/kg) orally, positive control was administered with 20 mg/kg omeprazole (reference drug) and 2 groups were received 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of the leaf extract, respectively. To induce of gastric ulcers formation, ethanol (5 mL/kg) was given orally to all groups except normal control. Gross ulcer areas, histology, and amount of prostaglandin E2, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde were assessed to determine the potentiality of extract in prevention against gastric ulcers. Oral administration of extract showed significant gastric protection effect as the ulcer areas was remarkably decreased. Histology observation showed less edema and leucocytes infiltration as compared with the ulcer control which exhibited severe gastric mucosa injury. Furthermore, the leaf extract elevated the mucus weight, level of prostaglandin E2and superoxide dismutase. The extract also reduced malondialdehyde amount significantly. Results showed leaf extract ofCurcuma xanthorrhizacan enhanced the gastric protection and sustained the integrity of gastric mucosa structure. Acute toxicity test did not showed any sign of toxicity (2 g/kg and 5 g/kg).
The Effect of Impulsive Vaccination on Delayed SEIRS Epidemic Model Incorporating Saturation Recovery
Authors: Li Yongfeng , Xie Dongliang , Cui Jing-an
Published: March 2014

A delay SEIRS model with pulse vaccination incorporating a general media coverage function and saturation recovery is investigated. Using the discrete dynamical system determined by the stroboscopic map, we obtain the existence of the disease-free periodic solution and its exact expression. Further, using the comparison theorem, we establish the sufficient conditions of global attractivity of the disease-free periodic solution. Moreover, we show that the disease is uniformly persistent if vaccination rate is less thanθ*. Finally, we discuss the effect of media coverage on controlling disease.
Effects of Deep Tillage and Straw Returning on Soil Microorganism and Enzyme Activities
Authors: Ji Baoyi , Hu Hao , Zhao Yali , Mu Xinyuan , Liu Kui , Li Chaohai
Published: March 2014

Two field experiments were conducted for two years with the aim of studying the effects of deep tillage and straw returning on soil microorganism and enzyme activity in clay and loam soil. Three treatments, (1) conventional tillage (CT), shallow tillage and straw returning; (2) deep tillage (DT), deep tillage and straw returning; and (3) deep tillage with no straw returning (DNT), were carried out in clay and loam soil. The results showed that deep tillage and straw returning increased the abundance of soil microorganism and most enzyme activities. Deep tillage was more effective for increasing enzyme activities in clay, while straw returning was more effective in loam. Soil microorganism abundance and most enzyme activities decreased with the increase of soil depth. Deep tillage mainly affected soil enzyme activities in loam at the soil depth of 20–30 cm and in clay at the depth of 0–40 cm. Straw returning mainly affected soil microorganism and enzyme activities at the depths of 0–30 cm and 0–40 cm, respectively.
Nonpharmacological Strategies to Prevent Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Susantitaphong Paweena , Eiam-Ong Somchai
Published: March 2014

Contrast-induced AKI (CI-AKI) has been one of the leading causes for hospital-acquired AKI and is associated with independent risk for adverse clinical outcomes including morbidity and mortality. The aim of this review is to provide a brief summary of the studies that focus on nonpharmacological strategies to prevent CI-AKI, including routine identification of at-risk patients, use of appropriate hydration regimens, withdrawal of nephrotoxic drugs, selection of low-osmolar contrast media or isoosmolar contrast media, and using the minimum volume of contrast media as possible. There is no need to schedule dialysis in relation to injection of contrast media or injection of contrast agent in relation to dialysis program. Hemodialysis cannot protect the poorly functioning kidney against CI-AKI.
Application of a Channel Estimation Algorithm to Spectrum Sensing in a Cognitive Radio Context
Authors: Savaux Vincent , Djoko-Kouam Moïse , Louët Yves , Skrzypczak Alexandre
Published: March 2014

This paper deals with spectrum sensing in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) context, allowing an opportunistic user to detect a vacant spectrum resource in a licensed band. The proposed method is based on an iterative algorithm used for the joint estimation of noise variance and frequency selective channel. It can be seen as a second-order detector, since it is performed by means of the minimum mean square error criterion. The main advantage of the proposed algorithm is its capability to perform spectrum sensing, noise variance estimation, and channel estimation in the presence of a signal. Furthermore, the sensing duration is limited to only one OFDM symbol. We theoretically show the convergence of the algorithm, and we derive its analytical detection and false alarm probabilities. Furthermore, we show that the detector is very efficient, even for low SNR values, and is robust against a channel uncertainty.
Inflammatory Reaction as Determinant of Foreign Body Reaction Is an Early and Susceptible Event after Mesh Implantation
Authors: Gerullis Holger , Georgas Evangelos , Borós Mihaly , Klosterhalfen Bernd , Eimer Christoph , Arndt Christian , Otto Stephan , Barski Dimitri , Ysebaert Dirk , Ramon Albert , Otto Thomas
Published: March 2014

Purpose.To investigate and relate the ultrashort-term and long-term courses of determinants for foreign body reaction as biocompatibility predictors for meshes in an animal model.Materials and Methods.Three different meshes (TVT, UltraPro, and PVDF) were implanted in sheep. Native and plasma coated meshes were placed bilaterally: (a) interaperitoneally, (b) as fascia onlay, and (c) as muscle onlay (fascia sublay). At 5 min, 20 min, 60 min, and 120 min meshes were explanted and histochemically investigated for inflammatory infiltrate, macrophage infiltration, vessel formation, myofibroblast invasion, and connective tissue accumulation. The results were related to long-term values over 24 months.Results.Macrophage invasion reached highest extents with up to 60% in short-term and decreased within 24 months to about 30%. Inflammatory infiltrate increased within the first 2 hours, the reached levels and the different extents and ranking among the investigated meshes remained stable during long-term follow up. For myofibroblasts, connective tissue, and CD31+ cells, no activity was detected during the first 120 min.Conclusion.The local inflammatory reaction is an early and susceptible event after mesh implantation. It cannot be influenced by prior plasma coating and does not depend on the localisation of implantation.
Strong and Weak Convergence Criteria of Composite Iterative Algorithms for Systems of Generalized Equilibria
Authors: Ceng Lu-Chuan , Liao Cheng-Wen , Pang Chin-Tzong , Wen Ching-Feng , Kong Zhao-Rong
Published: March 2014

We first introduce and analyze one iterative algorithm by using the composite shrinking projection method for finding a solution of the system of generalized equilibria with constraints of several problems: a generalized mixed equilibrium problem, finitely many variational inequalities, and the common fixed point problem of an asymptotically strict pseudocontractive mapping in the intermediate sense and infinitely many nonexpansive mappings in a real Hilbert space. We prove a strong convergence theorem for the iterative algorithm under suitable conditions. On the other hand, we also propose another iterative algorithm involving no shrinking projection method and derive its weak convergence under mild assumptions. Our results improve and extend the corresponding results in the earlier and recent literature.
GeodesicB-Preinvex Functions and Multiobjective Optimization Problems on Riemannian Manifolds
Authors: Chen Sheng-lan , Huang Nan-Jing , O'Regan Donal
Published: March 2014

We introduce a class of functions called geodesicB-preinvex and geodesicB-invex functions on Riemannian manifolds and generalize the notions to the so-called geodesic quasi/pseudoB-preinvex and geodesic quasi/pseudoB-invex functions. We discuss the links among these functions under appropriate conditions and obtain results concerning extremum points of a nonsmooth geodesicB-preinvex function by using the proximal subdifferential. Moreover, we study a differentiable multiobjective optimization problem involving new classes of generalized geodesicB-invex functions and derive Kuhn-Tucker-type sufficient conditions for a feasible point to be an efficient or properly efficient solution. Finally, a Mond-Weir type duality is formulated and some duality results are given for the pair of primal and dual programming.
(Anti‐)Hermitian Generalized (Anti‐)Hamiltonian Solution to a System of Matrix Equations
Authors: Yu Juan , Wang Qing-Wen , Dong Chang-Zhou
Published: March 2014

We mainly solve three problems. Firstly, by the decomposition of the (anti‐)Hermitian generalized (anti‐)Hamiltonian matrices, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of and the expression for the (anti‐)Hermitian generalized (anti‐)Hamiltonian solutions to the system of matrix equations AX = B, XC = D are derived, respectively. Secondly, the optimal approximation solution is obtained, where K is the (anti‐)Hermitian generalized (anti‐)Hamiltonian solution set of the above system and is the given matrix. Thirdly, the least squares (anti‐)Hermitian generalized (anti‐)Hamiltonian solutions are considered. In addition, algorithms about computing the least squares (anti‐)Hermitian generalized (anti‐)Hamiltonian solution and the corresponding numerical examples are presented.
Relationship between Objectively Measured Walkability and Exercise Walking among Adults with Diabetes
Authors: Hosler Akiko S. , Gallant Mary P. , Riley-Jacome Mary , Rajulu Deepa T.
Published: March 2014

Little is known about the relationship between objectively measured walkability and walking for exercise among adults with diabetes. Information regarding walking behavior of adults with diabetes residing in 3 Upstate New York counties was collected through an interview survey. Walkability measures were collected through an environmental audit of a sample of street segments. Overall walkability and 4 subgroup measures of walkability were aggregated at the ZIP level. Multivariate logistic regression was used for analysis. Study participants(n=208)were 61.0% female, 56.7% non-Hispanic White, and 35.1% African-American, with a mean age of 62.0 years. 108 participants (51.9%) walked for exercise on community streets, and 62 (29.8%) met the expert-recommended level of walking for ≥150 minutes/week. After adjustment for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, BMI, physical impairment, and social support for exercise, walking any minutes/week was associated with traffic safety (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.15–1.65). Walking ≥150 minutes/week was associated with overall walkability of the community (2.65, 1.22, and 5.74), as well as sidewalks (1.73, 1.12–2.67), street amenity (2.04, 1.12–3.71), and traffic safety (1.92, 1.02–3.72). This study suggests that walkability of the community should be an integral part of the socioecologic approach to increase physical activity among adults with diabetes.
Numerical Investigation of Gas Mixture Length of Nitrogen Replacement in Large-Diameter Natural Gas Pipeline without Isolator
Authors: Zhu Hongjun , Han Qinghua
Published: March 2014

Nitrogen replacement is a key process for natural gas pipeline before it is put into operation. A computational fluid dynamic model coupled to a species-transportation model has been used to investigate the gas mixture length of nitrogen replacement in large-diameter pipeline without isolator. A series of numerical simulations are performed over a range of conditions, including pipe length and diameter, inlet rate, and inclination angle of pipe. These affecting factors are analyzed in detail in terms of volume fraction of nitrogen, the maximum gas mixture length, and gas mixture length varied with time. Gas mixture length increases over time, and the maximum gas mixture length is present at outlet of pipe. Long and large-diameter pipe and fast speed of nitrogen lead to long length of mixed gas, while large inclination angle of pipe brings about short length. Several fitting formulas have been obtained, which can predict the maximum gas mixture length in gas pipelines. The used method of fitting formula is shown in the paper by examples. The results provide effective guidance for practical operation of nitrogen replacement.
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Modulates Cockroach Allergen-Induced Immune Responses through Active TGFβ1 Release
Authors: Zhou Yufeng , Mirza Sarah , Xu Ting , Tripathi Priya , Plunkett Beverly , Myers Allen , Gao Peisong
Published: March 2014

Background. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a multifunctional regulator that senses and responds to environmental stimuli, plays a role in normal cell development and immune regulation. Recent evidence supports a significant link between environmental exposure and AhR in the development of allergic diseases. We sought to investigate whether AhR plays a role in mediating cockroach allergen-induced allergic immune responses.Methods. AhR expression in human lung fibroblasts from asthmatic and healthy individuals and in cockroach extract (CRE) treated human lung fibroblasts (WI-38) was examined. The role of AhR in modulating CRE induced TGFβ1 production was investigated by using AhR agonist, TCDD, antagonist CH122319, and knockdown of AhR. The role of latent TGFβ1 binding protein-1 (LTBP1) in mediating TCDD induced active TGFβ1 release was also examined.Results. AhR expression was higher in airway fibroblasts from asthmatic subjects as compared to healthy controls. AhR in fibroblasts was activated by TCDD with an increased expression of cyp1a1 and cyp1b1. Increased AhR expression was observed in CRE-treated fibroblasts. Importantly, CRE induced TGFβ1 production in fibroblasts was significantly enhanced by TCDD but inhibited by CH122319. Reduced TGFβ1 production was further confirmed in fibroblasts with AhR knockdown. Moreover, AhR knockdown inhibited CRE induced fibroblast differentiation. Furthermore, TCDD induced active TGFβ1 release was significantly inhibited by LTBP1 knockdown.Conclusion. These results provide evidence for the role of AhR in modulating cockroach allergen-induced immune responses through controlling the active TGFβ1 release, suggesting a possible synergistic effect between exposure to allergens and environmental chemicals on the development of allergic diseases.
Influence of Radiofrequency Surgery on Architecture of the Palatine Tonsils
Authors: Plzak Jan , Macokova Pavla , Zabrodsky Michal , Kastner Jan , Lastuvka Petr , Astl Jaromir
Published: March 2014

Radiofrequency surgery is a widely used modern technique for submucosal volume reduction of the tonsils. So far there is very limited information on morphologic changes in the human tonsils after radiofrequency surgery. We performed histopathological study of tonsillectomy specimens after previous bipolar radiofrequency induced thermotherapy (RFITT). A total of 83 patients underwent bipolar RFITT for hypertrophy of palatine tonsils. Tonsil volume reduction was measured by 3D ultrasonography. Five patients subsequently underwent tonsillectomy. Profound histopathological examination was performed to determine the effect of RFITT on tonsillar architecture. All tonsillectomy specimens showed the intact epithelium, intact germinal centers, normal vascularization, and no evidence of increased fibrosis. No microscopic morphological changes in tonsillectomy specimens after bipolar RFITT were observed. RFITT is an effective submucosal volume reduction procedure for treatment of hypertrophic palatine tonsils with no destructive effect on microscopic tonsillar architecture and hence most probably no functional adverse effect.
Generalized Discriminant Orthogonal Nonnegative Tensor Factorization for Facial Expression Recognition
Authors: XiuJun Zhang , Chang Liu
Published: March 2014

In order to overcome the limitation of traditional nonnegative factorization algorithms, the paper presents a generalized discriminant orthogonal non-negative tensor factorization algorithm. At first, the algorithm takes the orthogonal constraint into account to ensure the nonnegativity of the low-dimensional features. Furthermore, the discriminant constraint is imposed on low-dimensional weights to strengthen the discriminant capability of the low-dimensional features. The experiments on facial expression recognition have demonstrated that the algorithm is superior to other non-negative factorization algorithms.
The Efficacy of Bisphosphonates in Preventing Aromatase Inhibitor Induced Bone Loss for Postmenopausal Women with Early Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Anagha Pooleriveetil Padikkal , Sen Suchandra
Published: March 2014

Objectives. We aim to determine the efficacy of bisphosphonates in preventing aromatase inhibitor induced bone loss (AIBL) in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer. The secondary objective was to determine the safety of bisphosphonates.Materials and Methods. We searched electronic databases in a time period of 1995 January to 2013 June. Random effects meta-analytical models were used; between study heterogeneity and publication bias was assessed.Results. A total of six eligible studies reported the BMD T score of LS at 12 months and from that 3 trials of Zoledronic acid compared the change in BMD in immediate ZOL versus delayed ZOL done with subgroups like patients with normal BMD at baseline (OR = 5.402, 95% CI = 1.329–21.959,Pvalue = 0.018) and osteopenic BMD at baseline (OR = 4.008, 95% CI = 2.249–7.143,Pvalue = 0.0002). Both had a significant decrease in BMD that favoured the delayed ZOL; 3 trials of risedronate and ibandronate also had a significant decrease in BMD in AIs alone group. Immediate ZOL versus delayed ZOL also showed increased risk of getting an ADR in immediate group.Conclusion. Third generation bisphosphonates has an effect on BMD of patients who are on treatment of AIs in breast cancer. Furthermore, the patients treated with immediate ZOL had a significantly high risk of musculoskeletal ADR’s than patients with delayed ZOL.
Peripheral Leukocyte Apoptosis in Patients with Parkinsonism: Correlation with Clinical Characteristics and Neuroimaging Findings
Authors: Lin Wei-Che , Tsai Nai-Wen , Huang Yung-Cheng , Cheng Kuei-Yueh , Chen Hsiu-Ling , Li Shau-Hsuan , Kung Chia-Te , Su Yu-Jih , Lin Wei-Ming , Chen Meng-Hsiang , Chiu Tsui-Min , Yang I-Hsiao , Lu Cheng-Hsien
Published: March 2014

Apoptosis of both brain neurons and peripheral blood leukocyte is believed to be an important biomarker for evaluating the functional status of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, their correlation remains unknown. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration is essential for the treatment and prevention of PD. The present study demonstrated that leukocyte apoptosis is significantly higher in PD patients and is associated with central dopamine neuron loss by usingTc99m-TRODAT-1 SPECT. The leukocyte apoptosis and striatal dopamine transporter uptake ratios were further associated with increased severity and longer duration of disease. The interaction between brain and systemic inflammation may be responsible for the neurodegenerative disease progression.
Comparison of Three Measures to Promote National Fitness in China by Mathematical Modeling
Authors: Tang Pan , Xu Daqing , Dai Qing , Huang Tingting
Published: March 2014

In this paper we established a mathematical model for national fitness in China. Based on a questionnaire and data of the General Administration of Sport of China and the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the dynamics for three classes of people are expressed by a system of three-dimensional ordinary equations. Model parameters are estimated from the data. This study indicated that national fitness put out by the Chinese government is reasonable. By finding the key parameter, the best measure to promote national fitness is put forward. In order to increase the number of people who frequently participate in sport exercise in a short period of time, if only one measure can be chosen, guiding people who never take part in physical exercise will be the best measure.
Culture, Caregiving, and Health: Exploring the Influence of Culture on Family Caregiver Experiences
Authors: Pharr Jennifer R. , Dodge Francis Carolee , Terry Christine , Clark Michele C.
Published: March 2014

Ethnic minorities are expected to experience a greater demand for family caregiving than non-Latino Whites due to their projected population growth. Although the consensus of researchers on caregiving and culture finds that the caregiving experience differs significantly among cultural/ethnic groups, the question remains as to how cultural values and norms influence the caregiver experiences. We conducted an interpretative, phenomenological qualitative analysis of focus group transcripts from four groups (African American, Asian American, Hispanic American, and European American) for cultural influences on caregiving. Data were collected in Nevada between December 7, 2009, and August 20, 2010. Thirty-five caregivers participated in this study. We found commonalities among all of the cultural/ethnic groups in their experiences of the difficulties of caregiving. However, there were some significant differences in the cultural values and norms that shaped the caregiving experience. We categorized these differences as: (a) cultural embeddedness of caregiving, (b) cultural determinants of caregiving responsibilities or taxonomy of caregiving, and (c) cultural values and norms underlying the decision to provide care. The significance of this study is that it highlights the culturally perceived mandate to provide care in the African, Asian, and Hispanic American cultures.
Assessing Response to Radiation Therapy Treatment of Bone Metastases: Short-Term Followup of Radiation Therapy Treatment of Bone Metastases with Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Cappabianca Salvatore , Capasso Raffaella , Urraro Fabrizio , Izzo Andrea , Raucci Antonio , Di Franco Rossella , Rotondo Antonio
Published: March 2014

This study examined the usefulness of diffusion-weighted (DW) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in monitoring bone metastases response to radiation therapy in 15 oligometastatic patients. For each metastasis, both mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) changes and high b-value DW metastasis/muscle signal intensity ratio (SIR) variations were evaluated at 30 ± 5 days and 60 ± 7 days after the end of treatment. On baseline DW-MRI, all bone metastases were hyperintense and had signal intensities higher than normal bone marrow on calculated ADC maps. At follow-up evaluations, 4 patterns of response were identified: (I) decreased high b-value DW SIR associated with increased mean ADC (83.3% of cases); (II) increased mean ADC with no change of high b-value DW SIR (10% of cases); (III) decreased both high b-value DW SIR and mean ADC (3.3% of cases); (IV) a reduction in mean ADC associated with an increase in high b-value DW SIR compared to pretreatment values (3.3% of cases). Patterns (I) and (II) suggested a good response to therapy; pattern (III) was classified as indeterminate, while pattern (IV) was suggestive of disease progression. This pattern approach may represent a useful tool in the differentiation between treatment-induced necrosis and highly cellular residual tumor.
Exponential Stability of Coupled Systems on Networks with Mixed Delays and Reaction-Diffusion Terms
Authors: Li Wenxue , Chen Tianrui , Wang Ke
Published: March 2014

This paper is concerned with the stability analysis issue for coupled systems on networks with mixed delays and reaction-diffusion terms (CSNMRs). By employing Lyapunov method and Kirchhoff's Theorem in graph theory, a systematic method is proposed to guarantee exponential stability of CSNMRs. Two different kinds of sufficient criteria are derived in the form of Lyapunov function and coefficients of the system, respectively. Finally, a numerical example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed criteria.
Global Analysis of miRNA Gene Clusters and Gene Families Reveals Dynamic and Coordinated Expression
Authors: Guo Li , Yang Sheng , Zhao Yang , Zhang Hui , Wu Qian , Chen Feng
Published: March 2014

To further understand the potential expression relationships of miRNAs in miRNA gene clusters and gene families, a global analysis was performed in 4 paired tumor (breast cancer) and adjacent normal tissue samples using deep sequencing datasets. The compositions of miRNA gene clusters and families are not random, and clustered and homologous miRNAs may have close relationships with overlapped miRNA species. Members in the miRNA group always had various expression levels, and even some showed larger expression divergence. Despite the dynamic expression as well as individual difference, these miRNAs always indicated consistent or similar deregulation patterns. The consistent deregulation expression may contribute to dynamic and coordinated interaction between different miRNAs in regulatory network. Further, we found that those clustered or homologous miRNAs that were also identified as sense and antisense miRNAs showed larger expression divergence. miRNA gene clusters and families indicated important biological roles, and the specific distribution and expression further enrich and ensure the flexible and robust regulatory network.
Path-Following Control of Wheeled Planetary Exploration Robots Moving on Deformable Rough Terrain
Authors: Ding Liang , Gao Hai-bo , Deng Zong-quan , Li Zhijun , Xia Ke-rui , Duan Guang-ren
Published: March 2014

The control of planetary rovers, which are high performance mobile robots that move on deformable rough terrain, is a challenging problem. Taking lateral skid into account, this paper presents a rough terrain model and nonholonomic kinematics model for planetary rovers. An approach is proposed in which the reference path is generated according to the planned path by combining look-ahead distance and path updating distance on the basis of the carrot following method. A path-following strategy for wheeled planetary exploration robots incorporating slip compensation is designed. Simulation results of a four-wheeled robot on deformable rough terrain verify that it can be controlled to follow a planned path with good precision, despite the fact that the wheels will obviously skid and slip.
Spontaneous Splenic Rupture in Melanoma
Authors: Mirfazaelian Hadi , Oryan Ahmad , Davari Aida , Daneshbod Khosrow , Daneshbod Yahya
Published: March 2014

Spontaneous rupture of spleen due to malignant melanoma is a rare situation, with only a few case reports in the literature. This study reports a previously healthy, 30-year-old man who came with chief complaint of acute abdominal pain to emergency room. On physical examination, abdominal tenderness and guarding were detected to be coincident with hypotension. Ultrasonography revealed mild splenomegaly with moderate free fluid in abdominopelvic cavity. Considering acute abdominal pain and hemodynamic instability, he underwent splenectomy with splenic rupture as the source of bleeding. Histologic examination showed diffuse infiltration by tumor. Immunohistochemical study (positive for S100, HMB45, and vimentin and negative for CK, CD10, CK20, CK7, CD30, LCA, EMA, and chromogranin) confirmed metastatic malignant melanoma. On further questioning, there was a past history of a nasal dark skin lesion which was removed two years ago with no pathologic examination. Spontaneous (nontraumatic) rupture of spleen is an uncommon situation and it happens very rarely due to neoplastic metastasis. Metastasis of malignant melanoma is one of the rare causes of the spontaneous rupture of spleen.
A Class of Degenerate Nonlinear Elliptic Equations in Weighted Sobolev Space
Authors: Kar Rasmita
Published: March 2014

We prove the existence of a weak solution for the degenerate nonlinear elliptic Dirichlet boundary-value problem Lu-μug1+hu,∇ug2=f in Ω, u=0 on ∂Ω, in a suitable weighted Sobolev space, where Ω⊂ℝn is a bounded domain and h is a continuous bounded nonlinearity.
A New Hybrid Intelligent Algorithm for Fuzzy Multiobjective Programming Problem Based on Credibility Theory
Authors: Wang Zu-Tong , Guo Jian-Sheng , Zheng Ming-Fa , Wang Ying
Published: March 2014

Based on the credibility theory, this paper is devoted to the fuzzy multiobjective programming problem. Firstly,
the expected‐value model of fuzzy multiobjective programming problem is provided based on credibility theory;
then two new approaches for obtaining efficient solutions are proposed on the basis of the expected‐value model,
whose validity has been proven. For solving the fuzzy MOP problem efficiently, Latin hypercube sampling, fuzzy
simulation, support vector machine, and artificial bee colony algorithm are integrated to build a hybrid intelligent
algorithm. An application case study on availability allocation optimization problem in repairable parallel‐series
system design is documented. The results suggest that the proposed method has excellent consistency and efficiency
in solving fuzzy multiobjective programming problem and is particularly useful for expensive systems.
A Review on Protocatechuic Acid and Its Pharmacological Potential
Authors: Kakkar Sahil , Bais Souravh
Published: March 2014

Flavonoids and polyphenols are heterocyclic molecules that have been associated with beneficial effects on human health, such as reducing the risk of various diseases like cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular and brain diseases. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a type of widely distributed naturally occurring phenolic acid. PCA has structural similarity with gallic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, and syringic acid which are well-known antioxidant compounds. More than 500 plants contain PCA as active constituents imparting various pharmacological activity and these effects are due to their antioxidant activities, along with other possible mechanisms, such as anti-inflammatory properties and interaction with several enzymes. Over the past two decades, there have been an increasing number of publications on polyphenols and flavonoids, which demonstrate the importance of understanding the chemistry behind the antioxidant activities of both natural and synthesized compounds, considering the benefits from their dietary ingestion as well as pharmacological use. This work aims to review the pharmacological effects of PCA molecules in humans and the structural aspects that contribute to these effects.
Subcutaneous Histiocytoid Sweet Syndrome Associated with Crohn Disease in an Adolescent
Authors: Fernández-Torres Rosa María , Castro Susana , Moreno Ana , Álvarez Roberto , Fonseca Eduardo
Published: March 2014

We report a case of subcutaneous histiocytoid Sweet syndrome in an adolescent with Crohn disease. A 14-year-old boy with a 1-year history of ileocolonic and perianal Crohn disease, treated with infliximab and azathioprine, was admitted to the Pediatrics Department with malaise, abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, and fever (39°C) from 15 days ago. Two days later, he developed cutaneous lesions consisting of tender, erythematous, and violaceous papules and nodules scattered over his legs, soles, and upper extremities. Laboratory studies revealed neutrophilia, microcytic anemia, and elevation of both erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein rate. A skin biopsy specimen showed deep dermal and predominantly septal inflammatory infiltrate in the subcutaneous tissue composed of polymorphonuclears, eosinophils, and mononuclear cells of histiocytic appearance. These histiocytoid cells stained positive for myeloperoxidase. Subcutaneous Sweet syndrome is a rare subtype of acute neutrophilic dermatosis, in which the infiltrate is exclusively or predominantly located in the subcutaneous tissue, causing lobular or septal panniculitis. It is often described in patients with an underlying haematological disorder or caused by drugs, but very rare in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, especially in childhood or adolescence. To our knowledge, this is the first case of subcutaneous histiocytoid type in a paediatric patient.
On Hesitant Fuzzy Reducible Weighted Bonferroni Mean and Its Generalized Form for Multicriteria Aggregation
Authors: Zhou Wei
Published: March 2014

Due to convenience and powerfulness in dealing with vagueness and uncertainty of real situation, hesitant fuzzy set has received more and more attention and has been a hot research topic recently. To differently process and effectively aggregate hesitant fuzzy information and capture their interrelationship, in this paper, we propose the hesitant fuzzy reducible weighted Bonferroni mean (HFRWBM) and present its four prominent characteristics, namely, reductibility, monotonicity, boundedness, and idempotency. Then, we further investigate its generalized form, that is, the generalized hesitant fuzzy reducible weighted Bonferroni mean (GHFRWBM). Based on the discussion of model parameters, some special cases of the HFRWBM and GHFRWBM are studied in detail. In addition, to deal with the situation that multicriteria have connections in hesitant fuzzy information aggregation, a three-step aggregation approach has been proposed on the basis of the HFRWBM and GHFRWBM. In the end, we apply the proposed aggregation operators to multicriteria aggregation and give an example to illustrate our results.
Oxidative Stress Is Differentially Present in Multiple Sclerosis Courses, Early Evident, and Unrelated to Treatment
Authors: Gironi Maira , Borgiani Bruno , Mariani Enrica , Cursano Cristina , Mendozzi Laura , Cavarretta Rossella , Saresella Marina , Clerici Mario , Comi Giancarlo , Rovaris Marco , Furlan Roberto
Published: March 2014

Background. Oxidative stress is well documented in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions, but its correspondence at peripheral level is still controversial.Objective. To evaluate peripheral oxidative stress markers in MS patients.Methods. We studied total blood levels of Coenzyme Q10(CoQ10), oxidized and reduced forms of glutathione, malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species (ROS), anti-oxidized-low-density lipoproteins (anti-oxLDL) antibodies, and antioxidant power (PAO) in 87 patients with different MS clinical phenotypes and in 77 controls.Results. CoQ10was lower whereas anti-oxLDL antibodies titer was higher in MS patients than in controls. The benign variant of MS displayed both higher CoQ10and higher anti-oxLDL than other MS clinical variants. Female patients had lower CoQ10and PAO and higher ROS than male patients. Differences were greater in younger patients with shorter disease duration. Surprisingly, there was no difference for these markers between treated and untreated patients.Conclusion. We found lower antioxidant agents and higher anti-oxLDL antibodies in MS, and the highest antibody titers occurred in the benign form. We suggest that natural anti-oxLDL antibodies can be protective against MS, saving blood brain barrier integrity. Our findings also suggest that milder MS is associated with a distinct oxidative stress pattern, which may provide a useful biomarker of disease prognosis.
Multidrug Resistance 1 Gene Variants, Pesticide Exposure, and Increased Risk of DNA Damage
Authors: Chen Chun-Chieh , Huang Chun-Huang , Wu Man-Tzu Marcie , Chou Chia-Hsuan , Huang Chia-Chen , Tseng Tzu-Yen , Chang Fang-Yu , Li Ying-Ti , Tsai Chun-Cheng , Wang Tsung-Shing , Wong Ruey-Hong
Published: March 2014

The P-glycoprotein, encoded by the multidrug resistance (MDR)1gene, extrudes fat-soluble compounds to the extracellular environment. However, the DNA damage of pesticides in subjects with genetic variation inMDR1has not been investigated. In this study, the comet assay was applied to examine the extent of DNA damage in the peripheral blood of 195 fruit growers who had been exposed to pesticides and 141 unexposed controls. TheMDR1polymorphisms were identified. Questionnaires were administered to obtain demographic data and occupational history. Results showed subjects experiencing high (2.14 μm/cell,P<0.01) or low pesticide exposure (2.18 μm/cell,P<0.01) had a significantly greater DNA tail moment than controls (1.28 μm/cell). Compared to theMDR1T-129C (rs3213619) TC/CC carriers, the TT carriers had increased DNA tail moment in controls (1.30 versus 1.12 μm/cell,P<0.01). Similar results were observed in the high and low pesticide-exposed groups. Combined analysis revealed that pesticide-exposed fruit growers withMDR1-129 TT genotype had the greatest DNA damage in the subjects with the combinations of pesticide exposure andMDR1-129 genotypes. In conclusion, pesticide exposed individuals with susceptibleMDR1-129 genotypes may experience increased risk of DNA damage.
Strong Convergence of a Modified Ishikawa Iterative Sequence for Asymptotically Quasi-Pseudo-Contractive-Type Mappings
Authors: Li Liuhong , Wang Yuanheng
Published: March 2014

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the strong convergence problem of a modified mixed Ishikawa iterative sequence with errors for approximating the fixed points of an asymptotically nonexpansive mapping in the intermediate sense and an asymptotically quasi-pseudo-contractive-type mapping in an arbitrary real Banach space. The results here improve and extend the corresponding results reported by some other authors recently.
A Surprising Cross-Species Conservation in the Genomic Landscape of Mouse and Human Oral Cancer Identifies a Transcriptional Signature Predicting Metastatic Disease
Authors: Onken Michael D. , Winkler Ashley E. , Kanchi Krishna-Latha , Chalivendra Varun , Law Jonathan H. , Rickert Charles G. , Kallogjeri Dorina , Judd Nancy P. , Dunn Gavin P. , Piccirillo Jay F. , Lewis James S. , Mardis Elaine R. , Uppaluri Ravindra
Published: March 2014

Purpose: Improved understanding of the molecular basis underlying oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) aggressive growth has significant clinical implications. Herein, cross-species genomic comparison of carcinogen-induced murine and human OSCCs with indolent or metastatic growth yielded results with surprising translational relevance.

Experimental Design: Murine OSCC cell lines were subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS) to define their mutational landscape, to define novel candidate cancer genes, and to assess for parallels with known drivers in human OSCC. Expression arrays identified a mouse metastasis signature, and we assessed its representation in four independent human datasets comprising 324 patients using weighted voting and gene set enrichment analysis. Kaplan–Meier analysis and multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling were used to stratify outcomes. A quantitative real-time PCR assay based on the mouse signature coupled to a machine-learning algorithm was developed and used to stratify an independent set of 31 patients with respect to metastatic lymphadenopathy.

Results: NGS revealed conservation of human driver pathway mutations in mouse OSCC, including in Trp53, mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, NOTCH, JAK/STAT, and Fat1-4. Moreover, comparative analysis between The Cancer Genome Atlas and mouse samples defined AKAP9, MED12L, and MYH6 as novel putative cancer genes. Expression analysis identified a transcriptional signature predicting aggressiveness and clinical outcomes, which were validated in four independent human OSCC datasets. Finally, we harnessed the translational potential of this signature by creating a clinically feasible assay that stratified patients with OSCC with a 93.5% accuracy.

Conclusions: These data demonstrate surprising cross-species genomic conservation that has translational relevance for human oral squamous cell cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 20(11); 2873–84. ©2014 AACR.
Targeting Inhibitors of the Tumor Suppressor PP2A for the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Farrell Amy S. , Allen-Petersen Brittany , Daniel Colin J. , Wang Xiaoyan , Wang Zhiping , Rodriguez Sarah , Impey Soren , Oddo Jessica , Vitek Michael P. , Lopez Charles , Christensen Dale J. , Sheppard Brett , Sears Rosalie C.
Published: March 2014

Pancreatic cancer is a deadly disease that is usually diagnosed in the advanced stages when few effective therapies are available. Given the aggressive clinical course of this disease and lack of good treatment options, the development of new therapeutic agents for the treatment of pancreatic cancer is of the upmost importance. Several pathways that have shown to contribute to pancreatic cancer progression are negatively regulated by the tumor suppressor protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Here, the endogenous inhibitors of PP2A, SET (also known as I2PP2A) and cancerous inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A), were shown to be overexpressed in human pancreatic cancer, contributing to decreased PP2A activity and overexpression and stabilization of the oncoprotein c-Myc, a key PP2A target. Knockdown of SET or CIP2A increases PP2A activity, increases c-Myc degradation, and decreases the tumorigenic potential of pancreatic cancer cell lines both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, treatment with a novel SET inhibitor, OP449, pharmacologically recapitulates the phenotypes and significantly reduces proliferation and tumorigenic potential of several pancreatic cancer cell lines, with an accompanying attenuation of cell growth and survival signaling. Furthermore, primary cells from patients with pancreatic cancer were sensitive to OP449 treatment, indicating that PP2A-regulated pathways are highly relevant to this deadly disease.

Implications: The PP2A inhibitors SET and CIP2A are overexpressed in human pancreatic cancer and are important for pancreatic cancer cell growth and transformation; thus, antagonizing SET and/or CIP2A may be an innovative approach for the treatment of human pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 12(6); 924–39. ©2014 AACR.
Simultaneous Assessment of Airway Instability and Respiratory Dynamics with Low-Dose 4D-CT in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Technical Note
Authors: Wielpütz Mark O. , Eberhardt Ralf , Puderbach Michael , Weinheimer Oliver , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Heussel Claus P.
Published: March 2014

Background: Advanced-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with severely altered respiratory dynamics. Dynamic airway instability is usually diagnosed by invasive bronchoscopy. Cine-computed tomography (CT) may be used alternatively, but is limited to predefined anatomical positions. Also, a paradoxical diaphragmatic motion has been described in patients with emphysema. Objectives: As the airways and chest wall show inherently high contrast to airway lumen and lung tissue, low-dose CT acquisitions potentially suffice for depicting tracheobronchial and chest wall motion. Therefore, we propose low-dose dynamic respiratory-gated multidetector CT (4D-CT) of the whole chest as a new method to assess respiratory dynamics. Methods: 4D-CT was performed in 3 patients (52, 62 and 76 years old) with suspected tracheal instability due to COPD or tracheal stenosis at minimal pitch (0.09) and radiation exposure (1.4-1.9 mSv) during regular tidal breathing registered by a belt system. Image reconstruction involved a raw data-based iterative algorithm (1.5-mm slice thickness, 1.0-mm z-axis increment, 5% respiratory increment), resulting in a stack of 6,700 images, which were evaluated with a 4D-viewing tool. Results: An excessive dynamic collapse of the trachea in combination with tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) of the main-stem and segmental bronchi, and a paradoxical diaphragmatic motion were demonstrated in 1 case. Moreover, we detected a saber-sheath trachea and main-stem TBM in another case. The third case showed a fixed tracheal stenosis. Conclusions: 4D-CT provides unprecedented z-axis coverage and time-resolved volumetric datasets of the whole chest. Airway instability, stenosis and paradoxical diaphragmatic motion may be assessed simultaneously, preceding interventions such as airway stabilization or lung volume reduction.
Determination of the Longest Intrapatient Left Ventricular Electrical Delay May Predict Acute Hemodynamic Improvement in Patients After Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Zanon Francesco , Baracca Enrico , Pastore Gianni , Fraccaro Chiara , Roncon Loris , Aggio Silvio , Noventa Franco , Mazza Alberto , Prinzen Frits
Published: March 2014

Background—

One of the reasons for patient nonresponse to cardiac resynchronization therapy is a suboptimal left ventricular (LV) pacing site. LV electric delay (Q-LV interval) has been indicated as a prognostic parameter of cardiac resynchronization therapy response. This study evaluates the LV delay for the optimization of the LV pacing site.

Methods and Results—

Thirty-two consecutive patients (23 men; mean age, 71±11 years; LV ejection fraction, 30±6%; 18 with ischemic cardiomyopathy; QRS, 181±25 ms; all mean±SD) underwent cardiac resynchronization therapy device implantation. All available tributary veins of the coronary sinus were tested, and the Q-LV interval was measured at each pacing site. The hemodynamic effects of pacing at different sites were evaluated by invasive measurement of LV d
P
/d
t
max
at baseline and during pacing. Overall, 2.9±0.8 different veins and 6.4±2.3 pacing sites were tested. In 31 of 32 (96.8%) patients, the highest LV d
P
/d
t
max
coincided with the maximum Q-LV interval. Q-LV interval correlated with the increase in LV d
P
/d
t
max
in all patients at each site (AR1 ρ=0.98;
P
<0.001). A Q-LV value >95 ms corresponded to a >10% in LV d
P
/d
t
max
. An inverse correlation between paced QRS duration and improvement in LV d
P
/d
t
max
was seen in 24 patients (75%).

Conclusions—

Pacing the LV at the latest activated site is highly predictive of the maximum increase in contractility, expressed as LV d
P
/d
t
max
. A positive correlation between Q-LV interval and hemodynamic improvement was found in all patients at every pacing site, a value of 95 ms corresponding to an increase in LV d
P
/d
t
max
of ≥10%.