bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide analysis of long non-coding RNA expression profile in porcine circovirus 2-infected intestinal porcine epithelial cell line by RNA sequencing
Authors: Fang Manxin , Yang Yi , Wang Naidong , Wang Aibing , He Yanfeng , Wang Jiaoshun , Jiang You , Deng Zhibang
Published: March 2019

Porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD), which is induced by porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), is responsible for severe economic losses. Recently, the role of noncoding RNAs, and in particular microRNAs, in PCV2 infection has received great attention. However, the role of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in PCV2 infection is unclear. Here, for the first time, we describe the expression profiles of lncRNAs in an intestinal porcine epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) after PCV2 infection, and analyze the features of differently expressed lncRNAs and their potential target genes. After strict filtering of approximately 150 million reads, we identified 13,520 lncRNAs, including 199 lncRNAs that were differentially expressed in non-infected and PCV2-infected cells. Furthermore, trans analysis found lncRNA-regulated target genes enriched for specific Gene Ontology terms (P < 0.05), such as DNA binding, RNA binding, and transcription factor activity, which are closely associated with PCV2 infection. In addition, we analyzed the predicted target genes of differentially expressed lncRNAs, including SOD2, TNFAIP3, and ARG1, all of which are involved in infectious diseases. Our study identifies many candidate lncRNAs involved in PCV2 infection and provides new insight into the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of PCVAD.
Reading Ancient Mail
Authors: Huehnergard John
Published: March 2019

176th year presidential address to the AOS.
Features of Aramaeo-Canaanite
Authors: Pat-El Na'ama , Wilson-Wright Aren
Published: March 2019

One of the sub-branches of Central Semitic, Northwest Semitic, contains a number of languages with no established hierarchical relation among them: Ugaritic, Aramaic, Canaanite, Deir Alla, and Samalian. Over the years, scholars have attempted to establish a more accurate sub-branching for Northwest Semitic or to suggest a different genetic affiliation for some languages, usually Ugaritic. In this paper, we will argue that Aramaic and Canaanite share a direct ancestor, on the basis of a number of morphosyntactic features: the fs demonstrative *ðaˀt, the direct object marker *ˀayāt, the development of dative subjects with adjectival predicates, the use of the construct state with prepositions, the G imperfect inflection of geminate verbs, and the plural form of *bayt. We will also address arguments that Ugaritic is a Canaanite dialect, or that Canaanite and Ugaritic are more closely related. This proposal not only outlines a more coherent family tree for Northwest Semitic, but also accounts for numerous “Aramaic”-like features in some Canaanite dialects, primarily Biblical Hebrew, which have thus far been treated as the result of language contact in the early Iron Age.
Good News (šimûtu)!
Authors: Butts Aaron Michael , Jiménez Enrique
Published: March 2019

In this note, we discuss the Akkadian word šimûtu, which is not recorded in either of the standard Akkadian dictionaries but is attested in two Neo-Babylonian documents, one Neo-Babylonian inscription, and one commentarial explanation from the Seleucid period. The commentarial explanation confirms the word’s meaning as “(good) news,” previously suggested by some scholars. We propose that the Akkadian word was replicated on the model of Aramaic *šamūʿat “report, news,” which led to the creation of the Akkadian word as well as to an increase in its frequency.
Two Arabic Travel Books: Accounts of China and India and Mission to the Volga. By Abū Zayd al-Sīrāfī, edited and translated by Tim Mackintosh-Smith; by Ibn Faḍlān, edited and translated by James E. Montgomery
Authors: Antrim Zayde
Published: March 2019

Two Arabic Travel Books: Accounts of China and India and Mission to the Volga. By Abū Zayd al-Sīrāfī, edited and translated by Tim Mackintosh-Smith; by Ibn Faḍlān, edited and translated by James E. Montgomery. Library of Arabic Literature. New York: New York University Press, 2014. Pp. x + 312. $40.
Medieval Islamic Hospital: Medicine, Religion, and Charity. By Ahmed Ragab
Authors: Shefer-Mossensohn Miri
Published: March 2019

The Medieval Islamic Hospital: Medicine, Religion, and Charity. By Ahmed Ragab. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2015. Pp. xviii + 263. $99.99, £64.99 (cloth), $80 (ebook).
Twelve Infallible Men: The Imams and the Making of Shiʿism. By Matthew Pierce
Authors: Hayes Edmund
Published: March 2019

Twelve Infallible Men: The Imams and the Making of Shiʿism. By Matthew Pierce. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2016. Pp. ix + 254. $45, £35.95, €40.50.
Christian Exegesis of the Qurʾān: A Critical Analysis of the Apologetic Use of the Qurʾān in Select Medieval and Contemporary Arabic Texts. By J. Scott Bridger
Authors: Grafton David D.
Published: March 2019

Christian Exegesis of the Qurʾān: A Critical Analysis of the Apologetic Use of the Qurʾān in Select Medieval and Contemporary Arabic Texts. By J. Scott Bridger. American Society of Missiology Monograph Series, vol. 23. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock, 2015. Pp. xii + 188. $25 (paper).
Male and Female in the Epic of Gilgamesh: Encounters, Literary History, and Interpretation. By Tzvi Abusch
Authors: Beckman Gary
Published: March 2019

Male and Female in the Epic of Gilgamesh: Encounters, Literary History, and Interpretation. By Tzvi Abusch. Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns, 2015. Pp. ix + 236. $39.50 (paper).
Saeculum: Gedenkschrift für Heinrich Otten anlässlich seines 100. Geburtstags. Edited by Andreas Müller-Karpe; Elisabeth Rieken; and Walter Sommerfeld
Authors: Beale Richard S.
Published: March 2019

Saeculum: Gedenkschrift für Heinrich Otten anlässlich seines 100. Geburtstags. Edited by Andreas Müller-Karpe; Elisabeth Rieken; and Walter Sommerfeld. Studien zu den Boǧazköy-Texten, vol. 58. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2015. Pp. xi + 316, illus. €84.
Dictionary of the Ugaritic Language in the Alphabetic Tradition. By Gregorio del Olmo Lete and Joaquín Sanmartín, translated and edited by Wilfred G. E. Watson
Authors: Huehnergard John
Published: March 2019

A Dictionary of the Ugaritic Language in the Alphabetic Tradition. By Gregorio del Olmo Lete and Joaquín Sanmartín, translated and edited by Wilfred G. E. Watson. Third revised edition. 2 vols. Handbuch der Orientalistik, vol. 112. Leiden: Brill, 2015. Pp. xlii + 470, 471-989. $210.
Verb and the Paragraph in Biblical Hebrew: A Cognitive-Linguistic Approach. By Elizabeth Robar
Authors: Notarius Tania
Published: March 2019

The Verb and the Paragraph in Biblical Hebrew: A Cognitive-Linguistic Approach. By Elizabeth Robar. Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics, vol. 78. Leiden: Brill, 2014. Pp. xii + 220. $142.
Paradise and Hell in Islamic Traditions. By Christian Lange
Authors: Riddell Peter G.
Published: March 2019

Paradise and Hell in Islamic Traditions. By Christian Lange. New York: Cambridge UniverSity Press, 2016. Pp. xvii + 365. $84.99, £54.99 (cloth); $29.99, £18.99 (paper); $24 (ebook).
Land Tenure, Fiscal Policy, and Imperial Power in Medieval Syro-Egypt. By Daisuke Igarashi
Authors: Reinfandt Lucien
Published: March 2019

Land Tenure, Fiscal Policy, and Imperial Power in Medieval Syro-Egypt. By Daisuke Igarashi. Chicago Studies on the Middle East, vol 10. Chicago: Middle East Documentation Center, University of Chicago, 2015. Pp. vi + 264. $79.
Evaluation of Microbial Contamination of Combs and Brushes in Beauty Salons within the University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Stanley H. O. , Oba T. T. , Ugboma C. J.
Published: March 2019

Beauty salons may provide a suitable medium for the growth and transfer of pathogenic microorganisms which may be of public health significance. This study was aimed at investigating the microbial contamination of beauty salon tools within the University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Nutrient agar was used for the determination of total culturable heterotrophic bacterial counts and Potato dextrose agar was used for the determination of total spore counts. Bacterial isolates were subjected to different biochemical tests while the fungal cultures were identified by macroscopy and microscopy. Results revealed bacterial load obtained from combs and brushes across the three campuses studied ranged from 6.3x105 to 2.8x106 CFU/swab area and 5.8x105 to 1.8x106 CFU/swab area respectively. Total spore counts obtained from combs and brushes across the three campuses ranged from1.8x105 to 1.0x106 CFU/swab area and 4.2x105 to 9.3x105CFU/swab area respectively. The bacterial isolates obtained from the salon tools include Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp., Micrococcus spp.,Serratia spp.,Citrobacter spp., Proteus spp. and Shigella spp., while the fungal isolates include Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium spp., Tricophyton spp. and Microsporium spp. Staphylococcus aureus (27.7%) and Bacillus spp.(22.2%) were the predominant bacterial isolates in the study while Aspergillus flavus (36.3%) and Penicillium spp.(27.3%) were the most occurring fungi. The study showed that fomites used in beauty salons harbour significantly high microbial load including microorganisms of possible public health significance.
The Relationship between Market Power and Income Diversity with Ownership Structure as a Moderator – A Study of Vietnamese Commercial Banks
Authors: Ho Tin , Vo Quy
Published: March 2019

The Project on Restructuring the Credit Institution System in the first period from 2011 to 2015 and the second period from 2016 to 2020 emphasizes the important role of reducing the relying on traditional activities and increase the share of income from non-credit services. The level of non-interest income, per contra, varies from bank to bank. The paper, therefore, was conducted to examine the relationship between market power and income diversity by using a sample of 26 commercial banks during 2007 to 2017. The market power was proxied by both conventional and adjusted Lerner index; the quotient of non-interest income to total operating income represents the income diversity; and ownership structure, treated as a dummy variable, plays a role as moderator this relationship. Additionally, bank characteristics and country characteristics were considered to be control and dummy variables in the research model. Based on panel data analysis with GMM estimator, the results point out that the bank with greater market power can generate more non-interest income. This relationship, moreover, is impacted by ownership structure, which explains the activities managers and owners do in a bank. For more specific, this paper also highlights the positive impact of state ownership on the association between bank market power and its income diversity. The findings are expected to add the gap in the existing literature, lacking of investigation the impact of market power on bank income diversity in Vietnamese banking sector and give some useful implications for investors, bank managers as well as policy makers to catch up the market fluctuations.
Microalbuminuria in Women with Risk Factors for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Some Selected Hospitals in Sokoto, Nigeria
Authors: Dallatu M. K. , Kaoje A. M. , Adoke A. U. , Kehinde J. A. , Bunza J. M.
Published: March 2019

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic abnormality which affects approximately 2-5% of pregnancies. Risk factors such as previous infants with macrosomia, strong family history of type 2 diabetes or GDM, poor glycaemic control and high pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) have been implicated in the development of GDM. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Microalbumnuria in women with risk factors for GDM and to estimate the levels of Urinary Microalbumin in these women. Fifty (50) pregnant women with risk factors for GDM and 50 controls (pregnant women without risk factors for GDM) were evaluated for Microalbuminuria. Microalbuminuria was estimated using Turbidimetric method, Random Plasma Glucose was estimated using Glucose oxidase method, serum Urea was estimated using Diacetyl Monoxime method, Creatinine was estimated using Jaffe Slot method and Albumin was estimated using Bromo Cresol Green method. The prevalence of Microalbuminuria in women with risk factors for GDM was 22%. Urinary microalbumin was significantly higher in the study subjects (56.36 ± 8.44 mg/L) than in the control (17.32 ± 4.5) mg/L. The mean ± standard error of mean of random plasma glucose in the study subjects was (5.84 ± 0.16) mmol/L and that of the control was (4.33 ± 0.14) mmol/L. The mean ± standard error of mean Serum Urea, Creatinine and Albumin were (4.1 ± 0.15) mmol/L, (0.70 ± 0.03) mg/dL, and (3.06 ± 0.05) g/dL respectively while that of the control was (3.47 ± 0.13) mmol/L, (0.63 ± 0.01) mg/dL and (2.78 ± 0.09) g/dL respectively. Obesity was strongly correlated to microalbuminuria.
Serum Levels of Some Inflammatory Markers in Alloxan- Induced Diabetic Rats Treated with Aqueous Leaf Extract of Terminalia catappa and Exogenous Insulin
Authors: Ben Ezekiel E. , Asuquo Asuquo E. , Owu D. U.
Published: March 2019

Background: Inflammation is said to be associated with hyperglycaemia and is implicated in the complications of diabetes.

Aim: This study was designed to investigate the level of some inflammatory markers in blood of diabetic rats administered with aqueous leaf extract of Terminalia catappa and exogenous insulin. 

Materials and Methods: Thirty five (35) Wistar rats were assigned to 5 groups of 7 animals each. Group 1 served as the control and received 5ml/kg body weight of distilled water and group 2 received orally, 130/kg body weight of aqueous leaf extract of Terminalia catappa. Groups 3 (diabetic only), 4 (diabetic + extract) and 5 (diabetic + insulin) were administered 150 mg/kg body weight of alloxan solution intraperitoneally to induce diabetes and blood glucose levels ≥200 mg/dl after 72 hours were considered diabetic. Then 5 ml/kg bodyweight of distilled water, 130 mg/kg body weight of Terminalia catappa leaf extract was given orally and 0.75U/kg body weight of insulin was administered subcutaneously to respective groups and the experiment lasted for 14 days.

Results: The results showed significant (P< 0.05) increase in serum levels of C-reactive protein, Interleukin-6 and blood fibrinogen in diabetic group compared to control. These inflammatory biomarkers significantly (P<0.05) reduced in diabetic group treated with extract and insulin. 

Conclusion: Therefore aqueous leaf extract of Terminalia catappa can reduce some inflammatory cytokines and ameliorate inflammation in diabetes similar to exogenous insulin.
A New Background Value Improvement of Fractional Order Accumulated FAGM(1,1) Model and Its Application
Authors: Yu Lang , Xiang Xiwang , Yang Lizhi
Published: March 2019

The prediction accuracy of the fractional FAGM(1,1) model mainly depends on the calculation of the background value. To improve the prediction accuracy of the FAGM(1,1) model, a new background value calculation method is proposed. By analyzing the cause of the background value error, considering the regularity of the fractional-order accumulation sequence with non-homogeneous exponential growth, the non-homogeneous exponential curve is used to fit the fractional-order accumulation sequence, combined with the integral theory, to accumulate the actual sequence on the interval. The result of the integration is used as a new background value. The example shows that using the new background value calculation method combined with the Genetic Algorithm to find the optimal order, the fitting and prediction accuracy of the fractional FAGM(1,1) model is obviously improved, and the background value has the characteristics of simple calculation and strong practicability.
Demographic and Clinical Features of Left Atrial Tumors in South Indian Population: A Case Series
Authors: Setty H.S Natraj , Murthy P. Raghavendra , B.N Krishnamurthy , Patil Shivanand S , Patil Veeresh , Kharge Jayashree , Raghu T.R , Patil Rahul , Raj Sathwik , Reddy Babu , Manjunath C.N
Published: March 2019

Myxomas are the most common type of primary cardiac tumor. They cause a variety of clinical manifestations depending on size and anatomical location. Sometimes, manifestations are atypical challenging differential diagnosis and the therapeutic approach. Left atrial myxomas are commonly missed clinically and often lead to grave consequences. We present here a series of 6 cases of left atrial myxomas with demographic and clinical characterization of the patients that were managed successfully.
Protective Roles of Kolaviron Extract from Garcinia kola Seeds against Isoniazid-induced Kidney Damage in Wistar Rats
Authors: Apalowo Oladayo Emmanuel , Musa Samson Eyone , Asaolu Funke , Apata Joseph Tosin , Oyedeji Taiwo , Babalola Olusegun Olubunmi
Published: March 2019

Background: Garcinia kola seeds have been observed to be medically important and kolaviron, a bioflavonoid obtained from the seeds was studied for its biological activities. The study investigated the protective effect of kolaviron extract obtained from the seed of Garcinia kola against isoniazid-induced kidney damage.

Methodology: Kolaviron was extracted from fresh seeds of Garcinia kola (2 kg) using soxhlet extractor and partitioned with chloroform. Nephrotoxicity was induced in wistar rats by oral administration of isoniazid (20 mg/kg bwt) while kolaviron was administered on wistar rats an hour before isoniazid administration and lasted for 30 days. Protective effect of kolaviron was measured in the plasma of wistar rats by estimating the levels of key metabolites used as kidney biomarkers which are total protein, creatinine, urea and uric acid concentration.

Results: The isoniazid-treated group showed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in total protein concentration of 3.57 ± 0.12 (mg/dl) while there was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in urea, uric acid and creatinine concentrations with values of 70.30 ± 4.77, 55.71 ± 11.15 and 18.04 ± 5.33 (mg/dl) respectively. However, kolaviron-treated group showed a remarkable increase (6.15 ± 0.96) in total protein concentration while urea, uric acid and creatinine concentrations significantly decreased to 45.25 ± 2.29, 35.60 ± 11.01 and 13.28 ± 4.41 (mg/dl) respectively.

Conclusion: Kolaviron extract obtained from Garcinia kola seeds exhibited a remarkable protective effect against kidney damage caused by isoniazid by regulating renal biomarkers and preventing toxic affront of isoniazid. Thus, it may be relatively safe when used therapeutically at this dose in the treatment and management of diseases associated with kidney damage.
Evaluation of Galantamine, Phenolics, Flavonoids and Antioxidant Content of Galanthus Species in Turkey
Authors: Bulduk Ibrahim , Karafakıoğlu Yasemin Sunucu
Published: March 2019

Aims: The aim of the present study was to determine the total phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant activities in Galanthus species (Gaalanthus woronowii, Galanthus nivalis, and Galanthus elwesii) indigenous to Turkey.

Study Design: The plant materials used in the study, Galanthus elwesii samples were collected in Antalya province, Galanthus nivalis samples were collected in Istanbul province, and Galanthus woronowii samples were collected in Çaykara, Trabzon province in September 2018.

Place and Duration of Study: Plant samples were stored in Herbarium Material Warehouse at Afyon Kocatepe University. The plant leaves and grated bulbs were dried in an incubator at 60°C. The bulb and leaf samples were then pulverized to 80 mesh particle size for analysis.

Methodology: Total phenolic content was determined spectrophotometrically with Folin-Ciocalteu procedure and calculated as gallic acid equivalent (GAE). Total flavonoid content was determined with aluminum chloride colorimetric method and calculated as catechin equivalent (CAE). Antioxidant activities were determined with TEAC (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) and DPPH (diphenyl-p-picrylhydrazyl radical) methods. The phenolic acid and galantamine content were determined by reversed phase HPLC.

Results: The highest total flovanoid content was determined as 33 mg CAE/g DW in Galanthus woronowii leaves and as 27 mg CAE / g DW in bulbs. DPPH removal activity was 77% in 500 μg/mL Galanthus woronowii leaf extract concentration and 93% in the ascorbic acid control group. The highest antioxidant content was observed in the leaves of Galanthus woronowii as 23 µmol Trolox/100 g DW and as 21 µmolTrolox/100 g DW in the bulbs. Higher galantamine content was determined in aerial parts (leaves) when compared to the underground parts (bulbs). The galantamine content in the leaves of all three Galanthus species was about 0.082%. The galantamine content in the bulbs of all three species was about 0.045%. Gallic, protocatechic, vanilic, caffeic, syringic, rosmarinic acid and catechin were identified in the leaves and bulbs of the three species with HPLC phenolic acid analysisIt was determined that the major phenolic acid was gallic acid.

Conclusion: The present study findings demonstrated that Galantthus species has antioxidant capacity. Galanthus spp. leaves had higher antioxidant activity when compared to the bulbs. Galanthus woronowii exhibited the highest antioxidant activity among the scrutinized species.
Biological Attributes of the Soil with Intercaled Crops and Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.): Sustainable Management in the Amazon
Authors: Maldonado S. A. Saravia , Cordeiro A. C. Centeno , Melo V. Ferreira , Siqueira R. H. da Silva. , Fernández I. Montero , Uchôa S. C. Pereira , Filho A. Alves De Melo
Published: March 2019

Aims: In the Brazilian Amazon, the practices and use of agroforestry systems (SAF) are increasingly used, the proper management of them helps to improve soil properties and also to prevent their degradation. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the biological attributes of the soil in the oil palm cultivation systems with intercropping.

Study Design: The experimental design used was completely randomized with four repetitions and six treatments: Oil palm (Elaeis guineense Jacq.) interspersed with pineapple (OPi), bean (OBe), banana (OBa), yucca (OYu) and Brachiaria humidicola (OPa), as well as adjacent area only with Brachiaria humidicola as a witness (Pa). The Tukey test was used at a level of 5% probability in samples analyzed at a depth of 0-0.0 m, to compare the means of the variables evaluated.

Place and Duration of Study: The experimental area is located of São João da Baliza, vicinal 26, km 12, with geographic coordinates of reference 00º.51'13.3''N and 60º00'19.8''W, the altitude of 100 msnm and, distant to 352 km from the capital Boa Vista, state of Roraima realized in 2016.

Results: The TOC presented values between 4.70 and 9.45 g kg-1, being the highest values found in the interim systems OYu, Pa, OBa, highlighting the intermediate system OPi that presented the lowest levels. The highest basal respiration values ​​of the soil (RBS) (23.50 mg C-CO2 kg-1 soil h-1) and carbon from microbial biomass (C-BMS) (116.0 mg C microbiano kg-1 soil) were verified in the pasture system. Likewise, for the urease and acid phosphatase activity, the grass system stands out as a control with values of (148.42 g NH4+ g-1 soil 2 h-1) y (230 μg de p-nitrofenol g-1 soil h-1) followed by palm with grass and yucca systems. However, the β-glucosidase activity (51.22 μg p-nitrofenol g-1 h-1) it was positively influenced by the oil palm system with yucca. On the other hand, the system interspersed with pineapple showed a higher metabolic coefficient (qCO2) (0.36 mg C-CO2 g-1 C-BMS h-1). It can be concluded that the pasture system (Pa) is presented as a more stable environment, followed by interspersed systems of oil palm with grass (OPa) and yucca (OYu).
Development of a Lymphoid Variant of Acute Leukemia after Five-fold Treatments of Ovulation Induction
Authors: Ivanova L. A. , Korol I. V. , Kovalenko U. S. , Kokova E. A. , Mezinova A. V. , Dzhanchyatova F. A. , Gumenuck E. O.
Published: March 2019

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is a complication of IVF procedure. Describes the case of a 31-year-old patient with body mass index 22 kg/m 2. After 5 IVF procedures with the previous stimulation of ovulation she complaints of weakness, dyspnea, pain in the chest, unproductive cough, epigastric pain, fever, pain in the hip and spine, ascites, hydropericardium, hydrothorax, acute respiratory distress syndrome reveal themselves. "Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome" was made.  The treatment with glucocorticosteroids improved the condition of the patient. After a bone marrow puncture the diagnosis "lymphoid variant of acute leukemia" was confirmed.
Vascular leakage caused by loss of Akt1 is associated with impaired mural cell coverage
Authors: Ha Jung Min , Jin Seo Yeon , Lee Hye Sun , Vafaeinik Farzaneh , Jung Yoo Jin , Keum Hye Jin , Song Sang Heon , Lee Dong Hyung , Kim Chi Dae , Bae Sun Sik
Published: March 2019

Angiogenesis plays a critical role in embryo development, tissue repair, tumor growth and wound healing. In the present study, we investigated the role of the serine/threonine kinase Akt in angiogenesis. Silencing of Akt1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells significantly inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐induced capillary‐like tube formation. Mice lacking Akt1 exhibited impaired retinal angiogenesis with delayed endothelial cell (EC) proliferation. In addition, VEGF‐induced corneal angiogenesis and tumor development were significantly inhibited in mice lacking Akt1. Loss of Akt1 resulted in reduced angiogenic sprouting, as well as the proliferation of ECs and mural cells. Addition of culture supernatant of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in which Akt1 was silenced suppressed tube formation, the stability of preformed tubes and the proliferation of ECs. In addition, attachment of VSMCs to ECs was significantly reduced in cells in which Akt1 was silenced. Mural cell coverage of retinal vasculature was reduced in mice lacking Akt1. Finally, mice lacking Akt1 showed severe retinal hemorrhage compared to the wild‐type. These results suggest that the regulation of EC function and mural cell coverage by Akt1 is important for blood vessel maturation during angiogenesis.
F
imbriimonadales
Authors: Quan Zhe‐Xue , Im Wan‐Taek
Published: March 2019

Fim.bri.i.mo.na.da'les. N.L. fem. n.
Fimbriimonas
type genus of the order; suff. ‐
ales
, ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Fimbriimonadales,
the order of the genus
Fimbriimonas
.

Armatimonadetes / Fimbriimonadia / Fimbriimonadales

The order of the
Fimbriimonadales
consists of the family
Fimbriimonadaceae
in the class
Fimbriimonadia
. The order is currently represented only by the genus
Fimbriimonas
.

Type genus
:
Fimbriimonas
Im, Hu, Kim, Rhee, Meng, Lee and Quan 2012b, 2045
VP
(Effective publication: Im, Hu, Kim, Rhee, Meng, Lee and Quan 2012a, 315).
Association of Pain and Steps Per Day in Persons With Mild‐to‐Moderate, Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis: A Mixed‐Effects Models Analysis of Multiple Measurements Over Three Years
Authors: Brisson Nicholas M. , Gatti Anthony A. , Maly Monica R.
Published: March 2019

Objective

Pain is a consistently reported barrier to physical activity by persons with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Nonetheless, few studies of knee OA have investigated the association of pain with daily walking levels. The current study assessed the relationship of 2 distinct measures of knee pain with objectively measured physical activity in adults with knee OA.

Methods

This was a longitudinal, observational investigation of 59 individuals (48 women; mean ± SD age 61.1 ± 6.4 years, mean ± SD body mass index 28.1 ± 5.6 kg/m2) with clinical knee OA. Data were collected every 3 months for up to 3 years. Physical activity was characterized as the average steps per day taken over at least 3 days, mea‐sured by accelerometry. Pain was measured using 2 patient‐administered questionnaires: the pain subscale of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS‐pain) and the P4 pain scale (P4‐pain). Mixed‐effects models determined the association between pain and physical activity levels (over covariates) among adults with knee OA (α = 0.05).

Results

All covariates (age [β = –3.65, P < 0.001], body mass index [β = –3.06, P < 0.001], season [spring/fall β = –6.91, P = 0.002; winter β = –14.92, P < 0.001]) were predictors of physical activity. Neither the inverted KOOS‐pain (β = 0.04, P = 0.717) nor P4‐pain (β = –0.37, P = 0.264) was associated with physical activity.

Conclusion

Knee pain is not associated with daily walking levels in persons with mild‐to‐moderate, symptomatic knee OA. While pain management remains an important target of interventions, strategies to increase steps per day in this population should focus on overcoming potentially more crucial barriers to activity participation.
Iron Oxide Doped Spray Dried Aluminum Oxide Granules for Selective Laser Sintering and Melting of Ceramic Parts
Authors: Pfeiffer Stefan , Florio Kevin , Makowska Malgorzata , Ferreira Sanchez Dario , Van Swygenhoven Helena , Aneziris Christos G. , Wegener Konrad , Graule Thomas
Published: March 2019

Powder bed density, flowability, and laser light absorption of the powder strongly influence the quality and performance of aluminum oxide parts processed by selective laser sintering and melting. By means of spray drying, highly dense granules with a good flowability are manufactured. An ultrasonic atomizer and a co‐current droplet air mixing are used to spray aqueous slurries consisting of either bimodal or trimodal distributions of aluminum oxide. Nano‐iron oxide improves the interaction with the green pulsed laser. The improved absorption of the green laser light is verified by means of an Ulbricht sphere. The appropriate amount of dispersant for consecutive water‐based spray granulation is determined by Zeta Potential measurements. Dibasic ammonium citrate is found to be the most suitable dispersant. A final uniform distribution of the iron oxide within the spray dried granules is confirmed by X‐ray μ‐beam fluorescence tomography. The powder quality is characterized by apparent density, tapped density, Hausner ratio, moisture content, and particle size distribution. Powders with a tapped density of almost 50% of the theoretical density and an absorbance of 69% (green laser light) lead to maximum densities of the laser processed parts of around 96%.
High‐Entropy Oxides: Fundamental Aspects and Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Sarkar Abhishek , Wang Qingsong , Schiele Alexander , Chellali Mohammed Reda , Bhattacharya Subramshu S. , Wang Di , Brezesinski Torsten , Hahn Horst , Velasco Leonardo , Breitung Ben
Published: March 2019

High‐entropy materials, especially high‐entropy alloys and oxides, have gained significant interest over the years due to their unique structural characteristics and correlated possibilities for tailoring of functional properties. The developments in the area of high‐entropy oxides are highlighted here, with emphasis placed on their fundamental understanding, including entropy‐dominated phase‐stabilization effects and prospective applications, e.g., in the field of electrochemical energy storage. Critical comments on the different classes of high‐entropy oxides are made and the underlying principles for the observed properties are summarized. The diversity of materials design, provided by the entropy‐mediated phase‐stabilization concept, allows engineering of new oxide candidates for practical applications, warranting further studies in this emerging field of materials science.
All‐in‐One Porous Polymer Adsorbents with Excellent Environmental Chemosensory Responsivity, Visual Detectivity, Superfast Adsorption, and Easy Regeneration
Authors: Xie Yiming , Huang Wen , Zheng Bingna , Li Shimei , Liu Qiantong , Chen Zirun , Mai Weicong , Fu Ruowen , Wu Dingcai
Published: March 2019

It remains a formidable challenge to construct advanced adsorbents with superb adsorption, environmental stimuli response, and real‐time detection capability for efficiently treating contaminants from complex environmental systems. A novel class of an all‐in‐one microporous adsorbent that simultaneously has excellent environmental chemosensory responsivity, visual detectivity, superfast micropollutant adsorption, as well as easy regeneration is reported herein. The advanced microporous adsorbent discussed in this study presents a hairy nanospherical morphology composed of a hairy stimuli‐responsive polymeric shell and a shell‐assisted superadsorptive microporous core. The adsorbent not only exhibits a valuable capability of pollutant detection by visible fluorescence quenching, but can also remove organic micropollutants from polluted water with super‐rapid speed (79%, 98%, and 100% of its equilibrium uptake in 7 s, 10 s, and 2 min, respectively) and excellent recyclability (>96%). More importantly, the adsorbent still shows unimpeded adsorption performance in the flow‐through adsorption tests (15 mL min−1), indicating a very appealing application prospect.
Monophosphonic versus Multiphosphonic Acid Based PEGylated Polymers for Functionalization and Stabilization of Metal (Ce, Fe, Ti, Al) Oxide Nanoparticles in Biological Media
Authors: Baldim Victor , Bia Nicolas , Graillot Alain , Loubat Cédric , Berret Jean‐François
Published: March 2019

For applications in nanomedicine, particles need to be functionalized to prevent protein corona formation and/or aggregation. Most advanced strategies take advantage of functional polymers and assembly techniques. Nowadays there is an urgent need for coatings that are tailored according to a broad range of surfaces and that can be produced on a large scale. Herein, we synthesize monophosphonic and multiphosphonic acid based poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) polymers with the objective of producing efficient coats for metal oxide nanoparticles. Cerium, iron, titanium, and aluminum oxide nanoparticles of different morphologies (spheres, platelets, nanoclusters) and sizes ranging from 7 to 40 nm are studied in physiological and in protein rich cell culture media. It is found that the particles coated with monofunctionalized polymers exhibit a mitigated stability over time (<1 week), whereas the multifunctionalized copolymers provide resilient coatings and long‐term stability (> months). With the latter, PEG densities in the range 0.2–0.5 nm−2 and layer thickness about 10 nm provide excellent performances. The study suggests that the proposed coating allows controlling nanomaterial interfacial properties in biological environments.
1D Nanoconfined Ordered‐Assembly Reaction
Authors: Liu Shijie , Zhang Xiqi , Jiang Lei
Published: March 2019

1D nanoconfined chemical reactions generally exhibit enhanced performance, as a consequence of nanoconfinement, yet the inherent mechanism of this nanoconfinement‐enhanced performance remains elusive. Here, the authors' perspectives on 1D nanoconfined chemical reactions are first provided, followed by the 1D nanoconfined preassembled reactions. Then, ultrafast mass transport behaviors in biological and artificial nanochannels are discussed and the quantum‐confined superfluid concept is introduced. Inspired by the programmed‐assembly reaction in living organisms, a new concept of ordered‐assembly reaction is proposed through combining quantum‐confined superfluid with frontier molecular orbital theory, to understand the inherent mechanism of high‐performance 1D nanoconfined chemical reactions. Finally, the prospective for future development of the ordered‐assembly reaction concept is presented.
Direct Writing of Elastic Fibers with Optical, Electrical, and Microfluidic Functionality
Authors: Athanasiadis Markos , Pak Anna , Afanasenkau Dzmitry , Minev Ivan R.
Published: March 2019

Direct Ink Writing is an additive fabrication technology that allows the integration of a diverse range of functional materials into soft and bioinspired devices such as robots and human‐machine interfaces. Typically, a viscoelastic ink is extruded from a nozzle as a continuous filament of circular cross section. Here it is shown that a careful selection of printing parameters such as nozzle height and speed can produce filaments with a range of cross‐sectional geometries. Thus, elliptic cylinder‐, ribbon‐, or groove‐shaped filaments can be printed. By using the nozzle as a stylus for postprint filament modification, even filaments with an embedded microfluidic channel can be produced. This strategy is applied to directly write freeform and elastic optical fibers, electrical interconnects, and microfluidics. The integration of these components into simple sensor‐actuator systems is demonstrated. Prototypes of an optical fiber with steerable tip and a thermal actuation system for soft tissues are presented.
Emerging Artificial Synaptic Devices for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Wan Qingzhou , Sharbati Mohammad T. , Erickson John R. , Du Yanhao , Xiong Feng
Published: March 2019

In today's era of big‐data, a new computing paradigm beyond today's von‐Neumann architecture is needed to process these large‐scale datasets efficiently. Inspired by the brain, which is better at complex tasks than even supercomputers with much better efficiency, the field of neuromorphic computing has recently attracted immense research interest and can have a profound impact in next‐generation computing. Unlike modern computers that use digital “0” and “1” for computation, biological neural networks exhibit analog changes in synaptic connections during the decision‐making and learning processes. Currently, the neuron node is usually implemented by dozens of silicon transistors, an approach that is energy‐intensive and nonscalable. In this paper, recent developments of synaptic electronics for the hardware implementation and acceleration of artificial neural networks will be discussed. Learning mechanisms and synaptic plasticity in the brain and the device level requirements for synaptic electronics will briefly be reviewed, emphasizing the nuance compared to requirements for nonvolatile memories. Several categories of emerging synaptic devices based on phase change memory, resistive memory, electrochemical devices, and 2D devices will be introduced, as well as their associated advantages, disadvantages, and future prospects.
High‐Performance Transparent and Flexible Triboelectric Nanogenerators Based on PDMS‐PTFE Composite Films
Authors: Li Gui‐Zhong , Wang Gui‐Gen , Ye Da‐Ming , Zhang Xu‐Wu , Lin Zhao‐Qing , Zhou Hai‐Ling , Li Fei , Wang Bao‐Lin , Han Jie‐Cai
Published: March 2019

Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) is commonly used as the negative friction layer of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) which can harvest ubiquitous mechanical energy. However, it is essential to improve the energy output of PDMS‐based TENGs with high visible transmittance for transparent flexible TENG. In this study, a simple, cost‐effective and efficient approach is demonstrated to modify PDMS without degrading high transparency. The novel flexible TENG based on PDMS‐PTFE composite film exhibits high output voltage and large transfer charge quantity of 95 V and 85 nC respectively, which are enhanced more than threefold in the output compared with pristine PDMS‐based TENG. And the TENG device generates average power output of 3.0 W m−2 across the matched optimal load resistance. The enhancement is attributed to PTFE particles dispersed in PDMS matrix, which can increase surface potential and reduce work function. Moreover, the TENG device also remains good transparency and flexibility, which satisfies the demands of transparent and flexible electronic devices. The proposed PDMS/PTFE based TENG shows good application prospects for various power sensors and even wearable energy suppliers.
Efficient Defect Passivation for Perovskite Solar Cells by Controlling the Electron Density Distribution of Donor‐π‐Acceptor Molecules
Authors: Wu Tianhao , Wang Yanbo , Li Xing , Wu Yongzhen , Meng Xiangyue , Cui Danyu , Yang Xudong , Han Liyuan
Published: March 2019

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are a promising photovoltaic technology that has rapidly developed in recent years. Nevertheless, a large number of ionic defects within perovskite absorber can serve as non‐radiative recombination center to limit the performance of PSCs. Here, organic donor‐π‐acceptor (D‐π‐A) molecules with different electron density distributions are employed to efficiently passivate the defects in the perovskite films. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis shows that the strong electron donating N,N‐dibutylaminophenyl unit in a molecule causes an increase in the electron density of the passivation site that is a carboxylate group, resulting in better binding with the defects of under‐coordinated Pb2+ cations. Carrier lifetime in the perovskite films measured by the time‐resolved photoluminescence spectrum is also prolonged by an increase in donation ability of the D‐π‐A molecules. As a consequence, these benefits contribute to an increase of 80 mV in the open circuit voltage of the devices, enabling a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.43%, in comparison with PCE of 18.52% for the control device. The authors' findings provide a novel strategy for efficient defect passivation in the perovskite solar cells based on controlling the electronic configuration of passivation molecules.
Sub‐6 nm Fully Ordered L10‐Pt–Ni–Co Nanoparticles Enhance Oxygen Reduction via Co Doping Induced Ferromagnetism Enhancement and Optimized Surface Strain
Authors: Wang Tanyuan , Liang Jiashun , Zhao Zhonglong , Li Shenzhou , Lu Gang , Xia Zhengcai , Wang Chao , Luo Jiahuan , Han Jiantao , Ma Cheng , Huang Yunhui , Li Qing
Published: March 2019

Engineering the crystal structure of Pt–M (M = transition metal) nanoalloys to chemically ordered ones has drawn increasing attention in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysis due to their high resistance against M etching in acid. Although Pt–Ni alloy nanoparticles (NPs) have demonstrated respectable initial ORR activity in acid, their stability remains a big challenge due to the fast etching of Ni. In this work, sub‐6 nm monodisperse chemically ordered L10‐Pt–Ni–Co NPs are synthesized for the first time by employing a bifunctional core/shell Pt/NiCoOx precursor, which could provide abundant O‐vacancies for facilitated Pt/Ni/Co atom diffusion and prevent NP sintering during thermal annealing. Further, Co doping is found to remarkably enhance the ferromagnetism (room temperature coercivity reaching 2.1 kOe) and the consequent chemical ordering of L10‐Pt–Ni NPs. As a result, the best‐performing carbon supported L10‐PtNi0.8Co0.2 catalyst reveals a half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.951 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode in 0.1 m HClO4 with 23‐times enhancement in mass activity over the commercial Pt/C catalyst along with much improved stability. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the L10‐PtNi0.8Co0.2 core could tune the surface strain of the Pt shell toward optimized Pt–O binding energy and facilitated reaction rate, thereby improving the ORR electrocatalysis.
Simple Bithiophene–Rhodanine‐Based Small Molecule Acceptor for Use in Additive‐Free Nonfullerene OPVs with Low Energy Loss of 0.51 eV
Authors: Lee Taeho , Eom Yoonho , Song Chang Eun , Jung In Hwan , Kim Dongwook , Lee Sang Kyu , Shin Won Suk , Lim Eunhee
Published: March 2019

The introduction of rigid and extended ladder‐type fused‐ring cores, such as indacenodithiophene, has enabled the synthesis of a variety of nonfullerene small molecules for use as electron acceptors in high‐performance organic photovoltaic cells. Contrasting with recent trends, a very simple‐structured nonfullerene acceptor (NFA), T2‐ORH, consisting of a bithiophene core and octyl‐substituted rhodanine ends, is synthesized in two steps from inexpensive commercially available raw materials. Its relatively short π‐conjugation results in a wide bandgap and a blue‐shifted UV–vis absorption profile complementary to those of poly[4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐co‐3‐fluorothieno[3,4‐b]thiophene‐2‐carboxylate] (PTB7‐Th). Despite a sufficient offset between T2‐ORH and PTB7‐Th, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of T2‐ORH is still higher than the LUMOs of other NFAs (e.g., ITIC). Therefore, the PTB7‐Th:T2‐ORH blend film exhibits an efficiency of 9.33% with a high open‐circuit voltage of 1.07 V and a short‐circuit current of 14.72 mA cm−2 in an additive‐free single‐junction cell. Importantly, the optimized device displays a remarkably low energy loss of 0.51 eV, in which bimolecular and monomolecular charge recombination is effectively suppressed by solvent vapor annealing treatment. The blend film has a very smooth and homogeneous morphology, providing both vertical and parallel charge transport in the devices.
Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane‐Assisted Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalysts for Enantioselective Inverse‐Electron‐Demand Hetero‐Diels‐Alder Reaction of α,β‐Substituted Acroleins
Authors: Hatano Manabu , Sakamoto Tatsuhiro , Mochizuki Takuya , Ishihara Kazuaki
Published: March 2019

In the enantioselective inverse‐electron‐demand hetero‐Diels‐Alder reaction, simple α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes (i. e., acroleins) are still challenging substrates, unlike α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds containing electron‐withdrawing groups. In the present study, the reaction of α‐aryl‐β‐alkyl‐substituted acroleins with ethyl vinyl sulfide was developed with the use of bulky chiral supramolecular Brønsted acid catalysts, such as tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane‐assisted chiral phosphoric acid catalysts. As a result, cis‐cycloadducts as optically active 3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐pyrans were exclusively obtained in high yields with high enantioselectivities via the favored endo orbital approach. An obtained optically active cis‐isomer could be transformed into the corresponding trans‐isomer without a loss of enantiopurity by O,S‐acetal epimerization. Moreover, transformations to synthetically useful optically active epoxide and δ‐valerolactone are also demonstrated.
Photocatalyzed Cyanodifluoromethylation of Alkenes
Authors: Zhang Min , Lin Jin‐Hong , Xiao Ji‐Chang
Published: March 2019

Difluoromethylation is a straightforward and widely applied strategy used to incorporate HCF2 into organic molecules. In contrast, cyanation reagents are typically volatile or highly toxic, or they require harsh reaction conditions. Incorporation of both CN and HCF2 into organic molecules, such as alkenes, is a worthwhile but challenging task. A method for photocatalyzed cyanodifluoromethylation of alkenes has been developed, which employs a Ph3P+CF2CO2−/NaNH2 (or NH3) reagent system. Ph3P+CF2CO2− functions as both the HCF2 and CN carbon source. A cyanide anion is generated in situ under mild conditions, thereby avoiding the use of toxic cyanation reagents. The photocatalytic method permits cyanodifluoromethylation of a range of alkenes under mild room temperature conditions. The CN group within the products may be further derivatized by standard methods.
Visible‐Light‐Driven Water Oxidation with a Polyoxometalate‐Complexed Hematite Core of 275 Iron Atoms
Authors: Chakraborty Biswarup , Gan‐Or Gal , Duan Yan , Raula Manoj , Weinstock Ira A.
Published: March 2019

Although metal oxide nanocrystals are often highly active, rapid aggregation (particularly in water) generally precludes detailed solution‐state investigations of their catalytic reactions. This is equally true for visible‐light‐driven water oxidation with hematite α‐Fe2O3 nanocrystals, which bridge a conceptual divide between molecular complexes of iron and solid‐state hematite photoanodes. We herein report that the aqueous solubility and remarkable stability of polyoxometalate (POM)‐complexed hematite cores with 275 iron atoms enable investigations of visible‐light‐driven water oxidation at this frontier using the versatile toolbox of solution‐state methods typically reserved for molecular catalysis. The use of these methods revealed a unique mechanism, understood as a general consequence of fundamental differences between reactions of solid‐state metal oxides and freely diffusing “fragments” of the same material.