bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arabization
Authors: Ghoshal Baladas
Published: July 2010

For centuries Islam in Asia was renowned for its adaptability to local practices and tolerance of other religions. Over the past three decades, however, fundamentalists have tried to homogenize Islam, introducing new tensions. More than any other factor, what has fuelled conflicts and divided Muslims and others in otherwise tolerant and harmonious plural societies of Asia, is the slow but steady process of the transformation of Islam in the region, from a syncretic and inclusive Islam to a puritanical and exclusivist one under the influence of ideas, norms, practices, and finances flowing from the Arab world. The ‘Islam of the desert’ has made inroads across the Indian Ocean. This process of homogenization and regimentation—a process I would like to call the ‘Arabization’ of Islam—puts greater emphasis on rituals and codes of conduct than on substance, through the Wahhabi and Salafi creeds, a rigidly puritanical branch of Islam exported from, and subsidized by, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The internationalization of Islam drew Asian Muslims to the desert and brought the desert to them. Such ‘globalization of political Islam’ could threaten stability throughout Asia and the world. Unfortunately, too many proponents of any form of fundamentalism rely on it as a tool, not for inspiring spirituality, but for acquiring economic or political power.
The effect of nonlinear utility on behaviour in repeated prisoner’s dilemmas
Authors: van Assen M.A.L.M. , Snijders C.C.P.
Published: July 2010

The present study focuses on the effect of agents’ utility on their cooperation in indefinitely repeated two-person prisoner’s dilemma games (PDs). A game-theoretical analysis suggests that conditions for cooperation in the PDs improve with concavity of utility, with increasing risk aversion, and with increasing loss aversion in the case of PDs with both negative and positive outcomes. The hypotheses were tested in an experiment in which participants played a number of (different) indefinitely repeated PDs and their utility was elicited. The results provide no evidence that concave utility promotes cooperation in the PDs, but we do show that cooperation is promoted by risk aversion and possibly by loss aversion.
Rationality and common knowledge
Authors: Gintis Herbert
Published: July 2010

A central finding in interactive epistemology is that rational agents implement Nash equilibria when there is a commonality of knowledge in the form of common priors and common knowledge of key aspects of the strategic interaction. Epistemic game theory, however, fails to articulate the general conditions of knowledge sharing. This paper makes explicit the fundamental epistemological assumptions behind knowledge sharing.
Postfeminist Heterotopias
Authors: Evans Adrienne , Riley Sarah , Shankar Avi
Published: July 2010

This article contributes to debates concerning the sexualization of culture in the European context by analysing shifts in contemporary forms of British women’s (hetero)sexual sexual subjectivities in relation to consumer culture. The article employs a ‘heterotopological’ analysis of how space is materialized through history, power and discourse. A two-part analysis is employed that, first, maps the history of British sex shops in relation to two discourses of sexuality and consumption, namely ‘safe’ and ‘seedy’; and second, analyses how these discourses can be taken up and negotiated by young women today, as evidenced in a focus group discussion on ‘Ann Summers’. It concludes that new directions and interesting insights into the intersections of space, power, gender and sexuality within neoliberal postfeminist shifts in feminine identity can be made by considering female-oriented sex shops as ‘postfeminist heterotopias’.
‘Carrying on a Long Tradition’
Authors: Cowman Krista
Published: July 2010

The close relationship between feminism and history has resulted in peaks in the production of feminist histories which coincide with high levels of feminist activity. In many instances, feminists have conceived the research and writing of history as a political act in itself. This article investigates some of the contradictions and omissions which can arise when feminism attempts to engage with its own past. Though a close examination of the coverage of the suffrage movement in the British feminist periodical Spare Rib, the article considers the difficulties of constructing alternative versions of history and of integrating new knowledge into broader historical narratives.
Evidence That Initial Obedient Killing Fuels Subsequent Volitional Killing Beyond Effects of Practice
Authors: Martens Andy , Kosloff Spee , Jackson Lydia Eckstein
Published: July 2010

Research using a bug-killing paradigm has suggested that increased initial killing may promote increased subsequent killing. Here, the authors tested whether this effect is due to killing per se or merely due to practice and whether this initial repeated bug killing exerts its effect by desensitizing people or by motivating them to kill more. Participants were asked to place bugs into an “extermination grinder” at their own pace after putting either one or five bugs into the grinder initially. Participants either believed they were actually killing the bugs or knew they were not. Results showed that the initial-killing effect occurred only when people thought they were killing, suggesting this is not merely a practice effect. Also, suggesting a motivational component, among participants who killed five bugs initially, those who believed they were killing went on to kill more than those who knew the killing was simulated.
Yes We Can
Authors: Rutjens Bastiaan T. , van Harreveld Frenk , van der Pligt Joop
Published: July 2010

The present research shows that belief in progress helps to alleviate the aversive experience of low levels of control. When control is low, believing in progress provides people with the promise of future control in a broader sense. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants lacking control disagreed more with an essay on the illusory nature of human progress. Experiment 3 corroborated these findings in a field study comparing airplane passengers with a nonairborne control group. Experiment 4 assessed belief in progress more directly and showed an increased willingness to invest in specific fields of progress-oriented research when personal control was low. Moreover, participants lacking control showed an increased preference for high-tech solutions to combat environmental problems and believed more firmly in scientific and moral progress.
Interpersonal Liking From Bivariate Attitude Similarity
Authors: Ullrich Johannes , Krueger Joachim I.
Published: July 2010

There exists robust evidence for attitude similarity as a major cause of interpersonal liking, but previous research has ignored the case of similarity in attitudinal ambivalence or indifference. Whereas extensions of Heider’s balance theory predict that people are indifferent toward other’s ambivalence versus indifference, Byrne’s reinforcement theory of attraction predicts that people prefer interaction partners that match their own degree of ambivalence and indifference. Furthermore, Shafir’s principle of compatibility predicts preferences for ambivalent over indifferent partners in a choosing mode and the reverse in a rejecting mode. In a within-participants experiment ( N = 42), the authors found that regardless of decision mode, (a) ambivalent individuals preferred ambivalent partners over indifferent ones and (b) indifferent individuals preferred indifferent partners over ambivalent ones, thus supporting reinforcement theory. The experiment provides the first evidence of interpersonal sensitivity to gradations of neutral attitudes.
On Writing Legibly
Authors: Greifeneder Rainer , Alt Alexander , Bottenberg Konstantin , Seele Tim , Zelt Sarah , Wagener Dietrich
Published: July 2010

Evaluations of handwritten essays or exams are often suspected of being biased, such as by mood states or individual predilections. Although most of these influences are unsystematic, at least one bias is problematic because it systematically affects evaluations of handwritten materials. Three experiments revealed that essays in legible as compared to less legible handwriting were evaluated more positively. This robust finding was related to a basic judgmental mechanism that builds on the fluency with which handwriting can be processed. The present research further revealed that this evaluative bias is not inevitable but can be controlled for. Given the importance of evaluations based on handwritten work samples for individual success throughout school, college, university, and work life, it is important for individuals to be aware of this bias.
Protein phosphatase complement in rice: genome-wide identification and transcriptional analysis under abiotic stress conditions and reproductive development
Authors: Singh Amarjeet , Giri Jitender , Kapoor Sanjay , Tyagi Akhilesh K , Pandey Girdhar K
Published: July 2010

Background

Protein phosphatases are the key components of a number of signaling pathways where they modulate various cellular responses. In plants, protein phosphatases constitute a large gene family and are reportedly involved in the regulation of abiotic stress responses and plant development. Recently, the whole complement of protein phosphatases has been identified in Arabidopsis genome. While PP2C class of serine/threonine phosphatases has been explored in rice, the whole complement of this gene family is yet to be reported.

Results

In silico investigation revealed the presence of 132-protein phosphatase-coding genes in rice genome. Domain analysis and phylogenetic studies of evolutionary relationship categorized these genes into PP2A, PP2C, PTP, DSP and LMWP classes. PP2C class represents a major proportion of this gene family with 90 members. Chromosomal localization revealed their distribution on all the 12 chromosomes, with 42 genes being present on segmentally duplicated regions and 10 genes on tandemly duplicated regions of chromosomes. The expression profiles of 128 genes under salinity, cold and drought stress conditions, 11 reproductive developmental (panicle and seed) stages along with three stages of vegetative development were analyzed using microarray expression data. 46 genes were found to be differentially expressing in 3 abiotic stresses out of which 31 were up-regulated and 15 exhibited down-regulation. A total of 82 genes were found to be differentially expressing in different developmental stages. An overlapping expression pattern was found for abiotic stresses and reproductive development, wherein 8 genes were up-regulated and 7 down-regulated. Expression pattern of the 13 selected genes was validated employing real time PCR, and it was found to be in accordance with the microarray expression data for most of the genes.

Conclusions

Exploration of protein phosphatase gene family in rice has resulted in the identification of 132 members, which can be further divided into different classes phylogenetically. Expression profiling and analysis indicate the involvement of this large gene family in a number of signaling pathways triggered by abiotic stresses and their possible role in plant development. Our study will provide the platform from where; the expression pattern information can be transformed into molecular, cellular and biochemical characterization of members belonging to this gene family.
Benign mammary epithelial cells enhance the transformed phenotype of human breast cancer cells
Authors: Poczobutt Joanna M , Tentler John , Lu Xian , Schedin Pepper J , Gutierrez-Hartmann Arthur
Published: July 2010

Background

Recent research has yielded a wealth of data underscoring the key role of the cancer microenvironment, especially immune and stromal cells, in the progression of cancer and the development of metastases. However, the role of adjacent benign epithelial cells, which provide initial cell-cell contacts with cancer cells, in tumor progression has not been thoroughly examined. In this report we addressed the question whether benign MECs alter the transformed phenotype of human breast cancer cells.

Methods

We used both in vitro and in vivo co-cultivation approaches, whereby we mixed GFP-tagged MCF-10A cells (G2B-10A), as a model of benign mammary epithelial cells (MECs), and RFP-tagged MDA-MB-231-TIAS cells (R2-T1AS), as a model of breast cancer cells.

Results

The in vitro studies showed that G2B-10A cells increase the colony formation of R2-T1AS cells in both soft agar and clonogenicity assays. Conditioned media derived from G2B-10A cells enhanced colony formation of R2-T1AS cells, whereas prior paraformaldehyde (PFA) fixation of G2B-10A cells abrogated this enhancement effect. Moreover, two other models of benign MECs, MCF-12A and HuMECs, also enhanced R2-T1AS colony growth in soft agar and clonogenicity assays. These data reveal that factors secreted by benign MECs are responsible for the observed enhancement of the R2-T1AS transformed phenotype. To determine whether G2B-10A cells enhance the tumorigenic growth of co-injected R2-T1AS cells in vivo, we used the nude mouse xenograft assay. Co-injecting R2-T1AS cells with G2B-10A cells ± PFA-fixation, revealed that G2B-10A cells promoted a ~3-fold increase in tumor growth, irrespective of PFA pre-treatment. These results indicate that soluble factors secreted by G2B-10A cells play a less important role in promoting R2-T1AS tumorigenesis in vivo, and that additional components are operative in the nude mouse xenograft assay. Finally, using array analysis, we found that both live and PFA-fixed G2B-10A cells induced R2-T1AS cells to secrete specific cytokines (IL-6 and GM-CSF), suggesting that cell-cell contact activates R2-T1AS cells.

Conclusions

Taken together, these data shift our understanding of adjacent benign epithelial cells in the cancer process, from passive, noncontributory cells to an active and tumor-promoting vicinal cell population that may have significant effects early, when benign cells outnumber malignant cells.
Effects of hypoxic culture conditions on umbilical cord-derived human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Lavrentieva Antonina , Majore Ingrida , Kasper Cornelia , Hass Ralf
Published: July 2010

Following cultivation of distinct mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) populations derived from human umbilical cord under hypoxic conditions (between 1.5% to 5% oxygen (O2)) revealed a 2- to 3-fold reduced oxygen consumption rate as compared to the same cultures at normoxic oxygen levels (21% O2). A simultaneous measurement of dissolved oxygen within the culture media from 4 different MSC donors ranged from 15 μmol/L at 1.5% O2to 196 μmol/L at normoxic 21% O2. The proliferative capacity of the different hypoxic MSC populations was elevated as compared to the normoxic culture. This effect was paralleled by a significantly reduced cell damage or cell death under hypoxic conditions as evaluated by the cellular release of LDH whereby the measurement of caspase3/7 activity revealed little if any differences in apoptotic cell death between the various cultures. The MSC culture under hypoxic conditions was associated with the induction of hypoxia-inducing factor-alpha (HIF-1α) and an elevated expression of energy metabolism-associated genes including GLUT-1, LDH and PDK1. Concomitantly, a significantly enhanced glucose consumption and a corresponding lactate production could be observed in the hypoxic MSC cultures suggesting an altered metabolism of these human stem cells within the hypoxic environment.
The epitope of the VP1 protein of porcine parvovirus
Authors: Xie Hong-ling , Wang Zhao , Cui Shang-jin , Zhang Chao-fan , Cui Yu-dong
Published: July 2010

Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is the major causative agent in a syndrome of reproductive failure in swine. Much has been learned about the structure and function of PPV in recent years, but nothing is known about the epitopes of the structural protein VP1, which is an important antigen of PPV. In this study, the monoclonal antibody C4 against VP1 of PPV was prepared and was used to biopan a 12-mer phage peptide library three times. The selected phage clones were identified by ELISA and then sequencing. The amino acid sequences detected by phage display were analyzed, and a mimic immuno-dominant epitope was identified. The epitope of VP1 is located in the N-terminal and contains the role amino acid sequence R-K-R. Immunization of mice indicated that the phage-displayed peptide induces antibodies against PPV. This study shows that peptide mimotopes have potential as alternatives to the complex antigens currently used for diagnosis of PPV infection or for development of vaccines.
Risk factors for total joint arthroplasty infection in patients receiving tumor necrosis factor α-blockers: a case-control study
Authors: Gilson Mélanie , Gossec Laure , Mariette Xavier , Gherissi Dalenda , Guyot Marie-Hélène , Berthelot Jean-Marie , Wendling Daniel , Michelet Christian , Dellamonica Pierre , Tubach Florence , Dougados Maxime , Salmon Dominique
Published: July 2010

Introduction

The objective of this study was to assess natural microbial agents, history and risk factors for total joint arthroplasty (TJA) infections in patients receiving tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α-blockers, through the French RATIO registry and a case-control study.

Methods

Cases were TJA infections during TNFα-blocker treatments. Each case was compared to two controls (with TJA and TNFα-blocker therapy, but without TJA infection) matched on age (±15 years), TJA localization, type of rheumatic disorder and disease duration (±15 years). Statistical analyses included univariate and multivariate analyses with conditional logistic regression.

Results

In the 20 cases (18 rheumatoid arthritis), TJA infection concerned principally the knee (n= 12, 60%) and the hip (n= 5, 25%).Staphylococcuswas the more frequent microorganism involved (n= 15, 75%). Four patients (20%) were hospitalized in an intensive care unit and two died from infection. Eight cases (40%) versus 5 controls (13%) had undergone primary TJA or TJA revision for the joint subsequently infected during the last year (P= 0.03). Of these procedures, 5 cases versus 1 control were performed without withdrawing TNFα-blockers (P= 0.08). In multivariate analysis, predictors of infection were primary TJA or TJA revision for the joint subsequently infected within the last year (odds ratio, OR = 88.3; 95%CI 1.1-7,071.6;P= 0.04) and increased daily steroid intake (OR = 5.0 per 5 mg/d increase; 1.1-21.6;P= 0.03). Case-control comparisons showed similar distribution between TNFα-blockers (P= 0.70).

Conclusions

In patients receiving TNFα-blockers, TJA infection is rare but potentially severe. Important risk factors are primary TJA or TJA revision within the last year, particularly when TNFα-blockers are not interrupted before surgery, and the daily steroid intake.
Photocatalytic Styrene Polymerization by Novel Bichromophoric Pd Catalyst Having Long Excited-state Lifetime
Authors: Murata Kei , Ito Masaharu , Inagaki Akiko , Akita Munetaka
Published: July 2010

The reaction of the novel bichromophoric Pd complexes with styrene resulted in the formation of polymer or dimer by UV–vis light irradiation, depending upon the connectivity of the naphthyl moiety. The Pd complex having the bichromophore with a Ru(II)–polypyridyl and a naphthyl moiety connected by a single σ bond contained long-lived 3MLCT emitting species.
Impact of Timing of Birth and Resident Duty-Hour Restrictions on Outcomes for Small Preterm Infants
Authors: Bell Edward F. , Hansen Nellie I. , Morriss Frank H. , Stoll Barbara J. , Ambalavanan Namasivayam , Gould Jeffrey B. , Laptook Abbot R. , Walsh Michele C. , Carlo Waldemar A. , Shankaran Seetha , Das Abhik , Higgins Rosemary D. ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVE:

The goal was to examine the impact of birth at night, on the weekend, and during July or August (the first months of the academic year) and the impact of resident duty-hour restrictions on mortality and morbidity rates for very low birth weight infants.

METHODS:

Outcomes were analyzed for 11 137 infants with birth weights of 501 to 1250 g who were enrolled in the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network registry in 2001–2005. Approximately one-half were born before the introduction of resident duty-hour restrictions in 2003. Follow-up assessments at 18 to 22 months were completed for 4508 infants. Mortality rate, short-term morbidities, and neurodevelopmental outcome were examined with respect to the timing of birth.

RESULTS:

There was no effect of the timing of birth on mortality rate and no impact on the risks of short-term morbidities except that the risk of retinopathy of prematurity (stage ≥2) was higher after the introduction of duty-hour restrictions and the risk of retinopathy of prematurity requiring operative treatment was lower for infants born during the late night than during the day. There was no impact of the timing of birth on neurodevelopmental outcome except that the risk of hearing impairment or death was slightly lower among infants born in July or August.

CONCLUSION:

In this network, the timing of birth had little effect on the risks of death and morbidity for very low birth weight infants, which suggests that staffing patterns were adequate to provide consistent care.
Safety of diagnostic imaging in pregnancy. Part 2: magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound scanning and Doppler assessment
Authors: Eskandar Osama , Eckford Seumas , Watkinson Tony
Published: July 2010

Key content

There is a widespread lack of understanding among clinicians regarding the potential risks of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound energy on the fetus.

The use of MRI is not generally advisable during the first trimester of pregnancy.

Concerns exist regarding the potential thermal and mechanical effects of ultrasound on the developing embryo/fetus.

The use of Doppler ultrasound in the first trimester should be restricted to well‐defined diagnostic purposes with the shortest possible exposure duration.

Learning objectives

To understand the safety issues of MRI and ultrasound scanning.

To understand the potential mechanical and thermal effects of Doppler ultrasound at various stages of pregnancy.

To be able to provide women with accurate information about the safety of MRI and ultrasound scanning.

Ethical issues

Clinicians should be aware of and trained in the safety issues concerning the use of MRI and ultrasound scans in relation to the stages of pregnancy.

Please cite this article as: Eskandar OS, Eckford SD, Watkinson T. Safety of diagnostic imaging in pregnancy. Part 2: magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound scanning and Doppler assessment. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2010;12:171–177.
Temporal Reproductive Separation of Fluvial Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout from Rainbow Trout and Hybrids in the Yellowstone River
Authors: DeRito James N. , Zale Alexander V. , Shepard Bradley B.
Published: July 2010

Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvierii are genomically extinct throughout much of their historic range because of displacement by and introgression with introduced rainbow trout O. mykiss. However, fluvial Yellowstone cutthroat trout still retain their genetic integrity while coexisting with rainbow trout in the Yellowstone River. We assessed whether spatial or temporal reproductive isolation, or both, occurs between these taxa. Time and place of spawning was determined by radiotelemetry. We implanted 164 trout (98 cutthroat trout, 37 rainbow trout, and 29 cutthroat trout × rainbow trout hybrids) with radio tags before the 2001, 2002, and 2003 spawning seasons in four sections of a 140-km segment of the main-stem Yellowstone River. Of the 164 radio-tagged fish, 73 (44 Yellowstone cutthroat trout, 15 rainbow trout, and 14 hybrids) were assumed to have spawned; 55 (75.3%) used 16 tributaries, 17 (23.3%) used 7 river side channels, and 1 (1.4%) used the main channel of the Yellowstone River for spawning. The majority of fish that spawned (62%) used five spawning areas. Spawning area and spawning reach overlap index values were high among all taxa. In contrast, the mean migration and spawning dates of rainbow trout and hybrids were 5–9 weeks earlier than those of cutthroat trout. Rainbow trout and hybrids began migrating and spawning in April and May when Yellowstone River discharges were lower and water temperatures were colder than during cutthroat trout migration and spawning in June and July. The spawning period overlap index values (rainbow trout and hybrids versus cutthroat trout) were typically less than half the spatial overlap index values. Therefore, the difference in time of spawning is probably the predominant mechanism maintaining reproductive isolation among fluvial trout. Management actions focused on protecting and enhancing later-spawning cutthroat trout in tributaries may enhance their temporal reproductive separation from earlier-spawning rainbow trout and hybrids.
Assessment of Artisanal Fishery Impacts on West African Croaker Pseudotolithus elongatus in the Cross River Estuary, Nigeria, Using Length-Based Models
Authors: Nwosu Francis M. , Enin Udeme I. , Holzlöhner Sieghard
Published: July 2010

In Nigeria and other countries of the Gulf of Guinea, the genus Pseudotolithus is predominant in the catches of both artisanal (small-scale, commercial, or subsistence) and industrial fisheries. Data on this fishery are readily available, enabling resource managers to track stock dynamics. The study objective was to ascertain the status of an exploited stock of West African croaker (also known as the giant captainfish) P. elongatus using von Bertalanffy growth models. Length distribution data were collected monthly from landings of artisanal fisherfolk at the Cross River estuary, Nigeria, between March and August 2008. A fisheries stock assessment tool developed by the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization was used to calculate estimates of the von Bertalanffy growth function based on these data. The asymptotic length was 61.5 cm, the curvature parameter was 0.40/year, the oscillation constant was 0.3, the winter point was 0.40, and the goodness-of-fit index was 0.515. The instantaneous rates of total, natural, and fishing mortality were 3.71, 0.78, and 2.93 per year, respectively. The resultant exploitation ratio was 0.79, indicating that the fishery is overexploited. Management regulation, particularly seasonal closures coinciding with the period of peak spawning, should be implemented to avoid the eventual collapse of this fishery. Particular attention should be given to the conservation of the mangrove habitat that sustains the productivity of this system. Previous recommendations for the management or conservation of this stock have neglected the depletion of the mangrove ecosystem supporting this species. It is imperative to include habitat conservation as one of the regulatory measures for this stock.
Efeito do pH do solo em diferentes níveis de concentração de inóculo no controle de Plasmodiophora brassicae
Authors: Ruaro Lucimeris , Lima Neto Vismar da Costa , Motta Antonio Carlos Vargas
Published: July 2010

A hérnia das crucíferas causada por Plasmodiophora brassicae é uma das mais importantes doenças no cultivo de espécies de Brassicas no Brasil. Nos Municípios da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba, PR a maioria dos solos está contaminada pelo patógeno Plasmodiophora brassicae agente causal da hérnia das crucíferas, inviabilizando o cultivo de espécies de Brassicas em diversas propriedades. A calagem utilizada para elevar o pH do solo é uma das medidas de controle mais indicadas. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do pH do solo em diferentes concentrações de inóculo, no controle de P. brassicae. Foram utilizados quatro níveis de pH do solo: 4,3; 5,5; 6,2 e 7,3 e três concentrações de inóculo:1.2 x 10(7) ; 2.5 x 10(7); e 5 x 10(7) esporos.mL-1 e testemunha não inoculada. A suspensão de esporos foi obtida a partir de raízes de couve-chinesa com sintomas de hérnias e adicionado no colo das plantas, por ocasião do transplante das mudas de couve-chinesa (Brassica rapa var. pekinensis), para os vasos. Aos 45 dias após a inoculação, foram realizadas as avaliações. O efeito do pH sobre a severidade da doença foi mais expressivo em concentrações médias de inóculo (1.2 x 10(7) a 2.5 x 10(7) esporos.mL-1). Em concentrações elevadas de inóculo, a severidade da doença foi reduzida em pH do solo de 6.2 e 7.3. O melhor desenvolvimento das plantas, quantificado pelo acúmulo de massa seca foliar foi obtido nos tratamentos onde o solo apresentou pH 6,2 e 7,3 e com a menor concentração de inóculo.
Desenvolvimento de Oidium neolycopersici em genótipos do gênero Lycopersicon
Authors: Balbi-Peña María Isabel , Schwan-Estrada Kátia Regina Freitas , Stangarlin José Renato , Tolentino Júnior João Batista
Published: July 2010

O oídio, causado pelo fungo Oidium neolycopersici, é uma doença comum do tomateiro, sobretudo em condições de cultivo protegido. Para esclarecer a natureza da resistência a oídio avaliou-se o processo de infecção, através da histopatologia em diferentes genótipos de tomateiro: CNPH 416, CNPH 423, CNPH 1287 (Lycopersicon hirsutum), CNPH 0081 (L. esculentum var. cerasiforme), cv. Santa Cruz Kada e cv. Santa Clara (L. esculentum). Para isso, três discos foliares (da 3ª, 4ª e 5ª folha "verdadeira") de cada planta com 5 -7 folhas verdadeiras foram cortados e colocados em placas de Petri contendo ágar-água. Os discos foram inoculados a partir de micélio esporulante fresco desenvolvido em tomateiro suscetível e incubados a 19-22ºC, 4000 lx e fotoperíodo de 12 h. Os discos foram clareados em etanol aquecido e examinados microscopicamente 19 h, 8 e 9 dias após-inoculação para avaliar desenvolvimento de tubo germinativo, esporulação e severidade da doença, respectivamente. A germinação dos conídios sobre o tecido foliar não apresentou diferenças entre genótipos. A formação de hifa secundária, apressórios e haustórios por conídio germinado foram menores nos genótipos CNPH 1287 e 423, que também apresentaram menor esporulação e severidade da doença. Os genótipos de L. esculentum e L. esculentum var. cerasiforme apresentaram maior suscetibilidade ao oídio e CNPH 416 apresentou suscetibilidade intermediária. Assim, observou-se que a resistência a oídio de CNPH 1287 e 423 ficou evidenciada já desde as 19 horas após a inoculação, principalmente pela menor porcentagem de hifa secundária e número de apressórios e haustórios formados quando comparados com os genótipos suscetíveis.
Mortalidade de idosos com desnutrição em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil: uma análise multidimensional sob o enfoque de causas múltiplas de morte
Authors: Rezende Edna Maria , Sampaio Barbosa Machado , Ishitani Lenice Harumi , Martins Eunice Francisca , Vilella Lenice de Castro Mendes
Published: July 2010

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar perfis de mortalidade em idosos com desnutrição, a partir de associações entre causas múltiplas de morte e outras variáveis da Declaração de Óbito. Foram estudadas as mortes de residentes de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, com 60 anos e mais, que tinham a desnutrição como uma das causas mencionadas. Utilizaram-se os dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade. Para estudo das associações, foi empregada a análise multidimensional pela técnica de análise fatorial de correspondência múltipla. A pesquisa mostrou sobremortalidade feminina, maior concentração de mortes na raça branca, em viúvos e em idosos com baixa escolaridade. Foram estabelecidos dez perfis de mortalidade e a desnutrição foi evidenciada cerca de cinco vezes mais pelo enfoque das causas múltiplas. Confirmou-se a importância das causas múltiplas para evidenciar causas de morte não detectadas pelo enfoque de causa básica e a adequação da técnica de análise de correspondência múltipla para identificar as associações de causas e demais variáveis da Declaração de Óbito.
Psychometric properties of the OHIP-14 and prevalence and severity of oral health impacts in a rural riverine population in Amazonas State, Brazil
Authors: Cohen-Carneiro Flávia , Rebelo Maria Augusta Bessa , Souza-Santos Reinaldo , Ambrosano Gláucia Maria Bovi , Salino Alessandra Valle , Pontes Danielson Guedes
Published: July 2010

The objectives of this study were: (1) test the psychometric properties of OHIP-14 in a rural population; and (2) compare the oral health impacts in two riverine communities in the Brazilian Amazon that were living at different distances from an urban center. Data were obtained from a cross-sectional study in a consecutive sample (n = 126). The validity was assessed through the association of OHIP with clinical and subjective variables, which showed a more significant association with: pain, caries, need of extraction or endodontic treatment; than with tooth loss, periodontal disease or need of prostheses. The stability and internal consistency were good (ICC = 0.97; Cronbach's α = 0.89). The prevalence of oral impacts was greater in the community far from the urban center [70.3 (59.9-80.7)] than in the community closer to it [44.3 (30.7-57.7)], and in women [66.7 (56.0-77.3)] in comparison with men [49.1 (35.3-62.7)]. The OHIP-14 adapted to rural populations in Amazonas State was valid, reproducible, and consistent. There was high prevalence of impacts, especially for riverine communities that lived far from urban centers.
Sistema de informação para integrar os dados da assistência oncológica ambulatorial do Sistema Único de Saúde
Authors: Souza Rômulo Cristovão de , Freire Sergio Miranda , Almeida Rosimary Terezinha de
Published: July 2010

Este trabalho visa ao desenvolvimento de um sistema para integrar os dados da produção mensal da assistência oncológica ambulatorial no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). O sistema foi modelado para recuperar a evolução do tratamento de cada caso de câncer e a produção dos serviços, tendo como vantagens: ser orientado ao caso de câncer, não requerer do usuário conhecimentos para a manipulação de bancos de dados e permitir a atualização da base à medida que novos dados vão surgindo. Os resultados das consultas ao sistema, quando comparados com os obtidos na inspeção direta da base original e com os obtidos com outra rotina de integração, foram idênticos. A utilização de uma ferramenta com essas características pelos gestores públicos pode contribuir para a melhoria da gestão da assistência oncológica ambulatorial prestada pelo SUS.
Sources of variation in energy and nutrient intakes among children from six to thirty months old in a population-based study
Authors: Salles-Costa Rosana , Barroso Gabriela dos Santos , Mello Melissa Arêas de , Antunes Marina Maria Leite , Yokoo Edna Massae
Published: July 2010

The objective of this article was to describe and analyze sources of variation in the dietary intakes of children aged 6 to 30 months. The data was obtained from two 24-hour recall surveys of a sample of 383 children of both sexes in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Age and the food insecurity scale, which was used as a proxy to characterize socioeconomic differences, were considered. The analysis was based on food groups. The ratio of the coefficients' variation was calculated, and the crude and de-attenuated relative means for energy and macro- and micronutrients were estimated. In addition, the number of 24-hour recall replications was also estimated. Age and food insecurity had significant impacts on the average number of servings of food groups. The coefficients of variation ratios for most nutrients were < 1, except for vitamin C and for children in the younger age group. The number of 24-hour recall required ranged from 1 to 6 days and was higher for vitamin C.
Modelo assistencial e indicadores de qualidade da assistência: percepção dos profissionais da atenção primária à saúde
Authors: Silva José Mendes da , Caldeira Antônio Prates
Published: July 2010

Objetivou-se verificar a adequação de equipes de saúde da família aos padrões de qualidade do Ministério da Saúde e sua correlação com ações de atenção à saúde, segundo os profissionais de saúde. Foi utilizado o instrumento de Avaliação para Melhoria da Qualidade da Estratégia Saúde da Família (AMQ) em entrevistas conjuntas com médicos, enfermeiros e cirurgiões-dentistas. Foram definidos escores para cada uma das subdimensões avaliadas, segundo o número de conformidades aos padrões definidos no AMQ. Os escores mais baixos da dimensão de consolidação do modelo foram referentes à participação comunitária e controle social. Para a atenção à saúde, os escores mais baixos foram relativos à saúde do adolescente. As subdimensões "acolhimento e humanização" e "promoção da saúde" mostraram-se estatisticamente associados com a atenção à saúde da criança, do adulto e do idoso. A subdimensão "organização do trabalho" mostrou-se estatisticamente associada com a atenção à saúde da criança e do idoso. Existe, portanto, correlação positiva entre consolidação do modelo e melhoria da qualidade.
Enfoque comunicativo del Planeamiento Estratégico Situacional en el nivel local: salud y equidad en Venezuela
Authors: Heredia-Martínez Henny Luz , Artmann Elizabeth , Porto Silvia Marta
Published: July 2010

El artículo discute los resultados de la operacionalización del Planeamiento Estratégico Situacional (PES) adaptado al nivel local en salud, considerando el enfoque comunicativo y la dimensión de la equidad en una parroquia en Venezuela. Se utilizaron dos criterios innovadores: la estimativa de las necesidades de salud y el análisis del potencial participativo de los actores. Los problemas identificados fueron relacionados con los artículos referentes a derechos de la Constitución venezolana. Se midieron inequidades con indicadores de salud, asociados al problema seleccionado; se incorporaron criterios de equidad en las propuestas de acción y elementos comunicativos. Se dio prioridad al problema "baja capacidad resolutiva de la red de servicios de salud" y se seleccionaron cinco nudos críticos para el plan de acción, que quedó constituido por 6 operaciones y 21 acciones. Se concluyó que la articulación de la epidemiología y planeamiento amplía la explicación situacional. La incorporación del enfoque comunicativo y de la dimensión de equidad al PES permite potencializar la gestión en salud y contribuir a la disminución de las brechas por inequidad.
Os custos de doenças tabaco-relacionadas para o Sistema Único de Saúde
Authors: Pinto Márcia , Ugá Maria Alicia Domínguez
Published: July 2010

Este estudo teve como objetivo calcular os custos diretos de internações por doenças tabaco-relacionadas em 2005, sob a perspectiva do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) para três grupos de doenças: câncer, aparelhos circulatório e respiratório. Para o câncer, os custos com quimioterapia também foram considerados. Foram utilizados dados das bases administrativas dos sistemas de informação do SUS e indicadores epidemiológicos, como prevalência e riscos relativos de cada doença analisada. Os custos atribuíveis ao tabagismo foram de R$ 338.692.516,02, representando 27,6% dos custos totais dos procedimentos analisados para os três grupos. Se consideradas as internações e procedimentos de quimioterapia pagos para todas as patologias, os custos alcançaram 7,7% dos custos totais. Ainda, 0,9% das despesas com ações e serviços de saúde financiados com recursos próprios da esfera federal podem ser atribuídos ao tabagismo em 2005. Os resultados são conservadores para o Brasil e sugerem a necessidade de dar continuidade às pesquisas que mensurem a carga total do tabagismo sob a perspectiva da sociedade.
O passado como negócio: o tempo revolucionário (1930)
Authors: Sandes Noé Freire
Published: July 2010

A memória histórica é o resultado de uma lenta negociação em que as disputas políticas se apresentam como parte do processo de ordenação do passado. A memória e a história - em perspectivas diversas - elaboram narrativas capazes de conferir sentido às mudanças operadas no mundo social. O presente trabalho avalia as interpretações sobre o processo revolucionário ocorrido em outubro de 1930, enfatizando as distinções reveladoras do tempo e do lugar dos intérpretes em seu compromisso de explicar o passado.
Memória poética do espaço: Ouro Preto por Murilo Mendes
Authors: Souza Valmir de
Published: July 2010

O artigo visa a apontar a importância de Ouro Preto (Minas Gerais) no projeto modernista brasileiro. Essa cidade era considerada pelos modernistas um símbolo da nacionalidade. O artigo oferece algumas referências sobre esse lugar histórico e em seguida analisa a visão poética de Murilo Mendes sobre a cidade no poema "Flores de Ouro Preto", do livro Contemplação de Ouro Preto, mostrando a recuperação literária do espaço e sua resistência frente ao processo de modernização no Brasil.
Memórias cartaginesas: modernismo, Antiguidade clássica e a historiografia da Independência do Brasil na Amazônia, 1823-1923
Authors: Figueiredo Aldrin Moura de
Published: July 2010

Este artigo analisa os debates historiográficos travados em 1923 por ocasião das comemorações da adesão do Pará à Independência do Brasil. Para isso, retoma os usos, pela intelectualidade paraense da época, dos mitos políticos da Antiguidade clássica, como as Guerras Púnicas, e de uma série de conceitos veiculados internacionalmente nos anos de 1910 e 1920, em obras políticas e literárias: "paz cartaginesa" em Keynes (1919), "terra desolada" em Elliot (1922) e ainda as imagens de Cartago na obra de Flaubert (1862). Mais do que um exercício de erudição, esse repertório analítico significou um longo e atribulado processo de construção da "moderna" identidade nacional na Amazônia.
Entre lembranças e silêncios: reflexões sobre uma autobiografia feminina
Authors: Farias Cláudia Maria de
Published: July 2010

A partir do crescente interesse da história pela "escrita de si", este artigo toma como base a autobiografia da nadadora Maria Lenk, com o objetivo de explorar as relações existentes entre memória, identidade, esquecimento e silêncio. Nessa perspectiva, o trabalho examina as estratégias de comunicação e representação empregadas na narrativa, bem como os "ditos" e os "não-ditos" do testemunho de Maria Lenk concernentes às recordações da sua participação nas Olimpíadas de 1932. Assim, algumas questões presentes nos relatos de histórias de vida são discutidas para compreender a lógica que envolve a construção desta ambígua memória feminina.
Experiências de liberdade em tempos de guerra: escravos e libertos nas Guerras Cisplatinas (1811-1828)
Authors: Aladrén Gabriel
Published: July 2010

Este artigo trata do impacto das Guerras Cisplatinas (1811-1828) nas experiências de escravos e libertos na fronteira do Brasil com a região platina. Analisa sua participação no exército luso-brasileiro e nas tropas comandadas pelo general José Artigas. Sugere que a conjuntura das Guerras Cisplatinas, associada aos movimentos de independência na região do Prata e no Brasil, inaugura um processo de reestruturação da escravidão no Rio Grande do Sul, trazendo consigo implicações complexas para a inserção social de escravos e libertos.
O maior "pelego" do mundo? Fidel Velázquez e o sindicalismo oficial no México pós-revolucionário
Authors: Fortes Alexandre
Published: July 2010

Tomando como objeto a trajetória de Fidel Velázquez Sanchez, líder supremo da Confederación de Trabajadores de México (CTM) por quase 60 anos, o artigo examina os modos como o foco em história oral, livros de memórias, biografias, assim como em discursos e declarações de sindicalistas, contribui para tornar possível um novo olhar sobre a experiência dos trabalhadores sob regimes políticos latino-americanos tradicionalmente denominados "populistas".
Onde está Waldo Frank? God bless a América Hispânica
Authors: Lino Sonia Cristina
Published: July 2010

Este artigo busca apresentar um pouco da biografia pessoal e intelectual do escritor norte-americano Waldo Frank (1889-1967) que, embora nunca traduzido no Brasil, exerceu influência no pensamento latino-americano na primeira metade do século XX. Suas principais ideias são analisadas a partir de três de seus livros publicados no período: Our America (1919), America Hispana (1931) e South American Journey (1943).
Musculoskeletal biomechanics in sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit activities with stroke subjects: a systematic review
Authors: Faria Christina Danielli Coelho de Morais , Saliba Viviane Amaral , Teixeira-Salmela Luci Fuscaldi
Published: July 2010

INTRODUCTION: Sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit are two of the most mechanically demanding activities undertaken in daily life and which are usually impaired in stroke subjects. OBJECTIVES: To determine the distinguishing characteristics in musculoskeletal biomechanical outcomes of the sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit activities with stroke subjects, with an emphasis on the clinical management of stroke disabilities, in a systematic review. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An extensive literature search was performed with the MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PEDro, LILACS, and SciELO databases, followed by a manual search, to select studies on musculoskeletal biomechanical outcomes in both activities with stroke subjects, without language restrictions, and published until December/2007. RESULTS: Out of the 432 studies, only 11 reported biomechanical outcomes of both activities and none reached the total score on the selected quality parameters. The majority of the experimental studies which compared groups did not achieve acceptable scores on their methodological quality (PEDRo). The investigated conditions and interventions were also restricted. Only one study compared biomechanical outcomes between the activities, but only evaluated the time spent to perform them. Few musculoskeletal biomechanical outcomes have been investigated, being weight bearing on the lower limbs and duration of the activities the most investigated. CONCLUSION: There is little information regarding musculoskeletal biomechanical outcomes during these activities with stroke subjects and no definite conclusions can be drawn regarding the particularities of these outcomes on their performance with stroke survivors.
Distúrbios osteomusculares e o trabalho dos que cuidam de idosos institucionalizados
Authors: Alencar Maria do Carmo Baracho de , Schultze Vanessa Mann , Souza Sandra Dias de
Published: July 2010

INTRODUÇÃO: Os distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho continuam comuns entre trabalhadores, e permanece a preocupação dentro do tema "Promoção à saúde no trabalho". OBJETIVO: Investigar, em instituições na cidade de Curitiba, PR, as relações existentes entre as desordens osteomusculares de trabalhadores que cuidam de idosos, as condições de trabalho e a capacidade funcional dos idosos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Consistiram de elaboração de questionário contendo: dados demográficos, questões relacionadas ao trabalho, dificuldades no trabalho, entre outras; e os instrumentos: Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares (QNSO), com questões sobre a dor lombar, e aplicação do Índice de Barthel nos idosos atendidos pelos trabalhadores. Os questionários foram aplicados sob forma de entrevista e posteriormente ocorreram levantamentos das tarefas e observações sistemáticas das atividades, com base na Ergonomia. RESULTADOS: Participaram 43 trabalhadores que cuidam de idosos, de ambos os gêneros e de 14 instituições; e 308 idosos por eles assistidos. A profissão dos trabalhadores variou entre cuidadores de idosos, auxiliares de enfermagem, auxiliares de serviços gerais e limpeza. Foram encontrados sintomas de dores osteomusculares nos últimos 30 dias em 62,7% dos trabalhadores, sendo as regiões das dores mais prevalentes: lombar, cervical, ombros e joelhos; e 90,0% apresentaram um único emprego. As atividades de trabalho de maior dificuldade foram: troca de fraldas e transferências posturais. Em alguns locais, o ritmo de trabalho, pressão temporal e pequena quantidade de funcionários para as demandas exigidas, também influenciaram na presença de dores músculo-esqueléticas. CONCLUSÃO: Concluiu-se que fatores relacionados à organização do trabalho influenciaram nas desordens osteomusculares.