bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and pattern of psychoactive substance use among female students aged 18-25 years in universities of North India
Authors: Kaur Rajbir , Singh Tarundeep , Basu Debasish , Kumar Rajesh
Published: January 2019

Background: Prevalence and underlying reasons of psychoactive substance use vary across different age, gender and societal groups. It is an important concern among females as female physiology and psychology makes them more vulnerable to substance dependence. The primary objective of study was to find prevalence, pattern and factors affecting psychoactive substance use among female students (18-25 years).Methods: In a cross-sectional survey, 250 female students were recruited from a university in Chandigarh using multistage cluster random sampling. Survey tool developed by World Health Organization was used in a self administrated format using paper based survey method. Associations among various factors leading to psychoactive substance use were tested using logistic regression model.Results: Lifetime prevalence of psychoactive substance use was 13.6% [95% CI 9.3-17.8, n=34]. Participants reported their use out of curiosity, for having fun, personal problems, easy availability, familial use, etc. 52.9% (18/250) students reported their use within last 3 months; out of them health problems were faced by two. Association of psychoactive substance use was significant for age, socioeconomic status and family history of psychoactive substance use.Conclusions: Due to sensitive nature of reporting substance use, the lifetime prevalence of 13.6% among female young students may be an underestimation. Familial psychoactive substance use exposes their wards to its use, especially under psychological stress. Qualitative research should be performed to understand why some female students use psychoactive substances while others abstain themselves from using these at all or abstain from their use for a long time after first exposure.
Epidemiology of Fatal Injuries reported in the mortuary of a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Pradhan Subrat Kumar , Acharya Himansu Prasad , Mishra Rudra Prasanna , Panda Jay Kumar , Satapathy Durga Madhab , Mishra Sanjeeb Kumar
Published: January 2019

Background: Injuries are an increasingly recognized global, preventable public health problem and are an important cause of mortality and morbidity in adult population. The major causes of injury related deaths may be intentional and unintentional. The major unintentional or “accidental” causes are road traffic accidents (RTAs), falls and drowning whereas the leading intentional causes are suicide and homicide. A robust Surveillance System for Injury Mortality is almost non-existent in our country due to which the data for the same is not available and haphazard. Keeping these factors in mind, the following study was under taken to identify the various epidemiological factors related to fatal injury cases.Methods: A record based retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Community Medicine, VSSIMAR, Burla, Odisha. The data were collected from the autopsy reports preserved at the Dept of FM & T, VSSIMSAR. Variables like age, sex, number of injury cause of death, place of death etc. were collected. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analysed using proportions and percentages.Results: The age group 25-44 years recorded the maximum number of deaths (37.49%). Males suffered the highest casualty accounting for 61.85% of deaths. Unintentional fatal injuries constituted 63.58% of deaths. The most number of fatal injuries resulting in deaths were RTAs (36.41%).Conclusions: The age group 25-44 years recorded maximum deaths. Males were the major death victims. RTAs constituted maximum of deaths among unintentional fatal injuries. Homicidal injuries constituted maximum of deaths due to intentional fatal injuries.
Contraceptive knowledge, practices among women in Garhwal region
Authors: Dixit Ruchita , Bandhani Aaradhana
Published: January 2019

Background: Family planning is defined by World Health Organization (WHO) as, “a way of thinking and living that is adopted voluntarily, upon the basis of knowledge, attitudes and responsible decisions by individuals and couples, in order to promote the health and welfare of family groups and thus contribute effectively to the social development of a country”. The extensive acceptance of family planning, in a society, is an integral component of modern development and is essential for the incorporation of women into social and economic life. Therefore the present study as well focused on the women knowledge and participation in family planning. Objectives: This study projected to evaluate the knowledge of the women about various family planning methods and its sources of information.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 200 married women between 15-60 years of age group selected by multistage random sampling. The women were asked to complete the 20 questions including demographic data. Self structured questionnaire was used to evaluate their knowledge about Family planning methods. Subsequently, the data analyzed by using SPSS version 1.2.Results: In this present study knowledge of family planning methods were higher. Female sterilization and use of condom is the most widely known and practiced method of all contraceptive methods followed by oral Pills and IUDs. Health functionaries were found to the more informative as compared to media and others sources of information regarding family planning methods.Conclusions: From the results found in this study it can be accomplish that women’s awareness regarding family planning was higher and found satisfactory.
Case based learning versus traditional didactic lecture in Community Medicine to teach vector borne diseases “malaria and dengue”: interventional study
Authors: Kadam Deepali Mohan , Sejao Aarti Vidyasindhu
Published: January 2019

Background: Traditional didactic lectures do not evoke interactive teaching. Analytical thinking is not fostered. When students are put into the role of primary care physician, a sense of responsibility towards society is instilled in them generating a desire to learn. Case based learning (CBL) is one such method which can be used for meaningful learning. Incorporation of case based scenarios on real life situations in teaching can make medical undergraduate students competent to diagnose and treat common health problems.Methods: The study was conducted amongst third M.B.B.S. students. Interventional study design was used. Intervention group was taught with CBL and control group with didactic method. Pre-test, post-test was conducted to assess cognitive domain scores. To assess perception regarding CBL, feedback questionnaire was given to students. Percentages, unpaired t test were used for statistical analysis.Results: 99.60% of students perceived CBL is helpful to understand key concepts. 95.65% reported its importance in development of critical thinking. 95.66% reported that CBL session promoted meaningful learning as compared to lecture. On application of statistical tests, there was no difference in average marks scored by students taught with CBL as compared to those taught with traditional didactic method.Conclusions: This study demonstrates that CBL arouses interest. It can be incorporated to teach topics in Community Medicine.
Unusual recurrent skin lesions: Bazin's disease
Authors: Merza Muayad A. , Adham Dalshad K. , Yaqo Rafil T.
Published: January 2019

A 46 year old Iraqi Kurd female patient was presented with recurrent round erythematous skin lesions on her upper and lower extremities mainly calves, lower abdomen, and buttock for 3 years. Routine laboratory investigations were unremarkable; however, based on strongly positive tuberculin skin test, positive interferon gamma release assay, histo-pathological findings and a response to anti-TB treatment, she was diagnosed with Erythem Induratum of Bazin (EIB). The patient was treated successfully with combination anti-TB drugs. The skin lesions disappeared after 2 months of the treatment. There was no recurrence of the lesions over a 6 month follow up period.
Cuatro modelos de redes de drenaje
Authors: Mesa Sánchez Oscar José
Published: January 2019

Se revisan cuatro modelos cuantitativos de redes de drenaje. La característica principal de la redes es la autosemejanza. Pero las redes no son determinísticas y es necesario tener en cuenta la variabilidad. El primer modelo es simple, incorpora la variabilidad y es falsificable. Sin embargo, no reproduce las observaciones porque la consideración de la autosemejanza no es explícita. El segundo modelo corrige esta falencia, pero es determinista y no es falsificable. El tercer modelo mantiene la autosemejanza, incorpora la variabilidad, pero no se ha puesto a prueba. El cuartomodelo define un marco teórico más riguroso, aunque su verificación empírica aún está pendiente. Se concluye con un corto análisis de las implicaciones de los modelos para la geometría hidráulica y la semejanza hidrológica. © 2018. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.
Modelo estructural del Campo Escuela Colorado a partir de modelos análogos
Authors: Anaya Camilo , Jiménez Giovanny , Martínez-Sánchez Dilan A.
Published: January 2019

La cuenca del Valle Medio del Magdalena es una cuenca intermontana (Cooper, et al., 1995; Taboada, et al., 2000; Sarmiento-Rojas, et al., 2006), que se caracteriza por tener estructuras con doble vergencia y está limitada por las cordilleras Central y Oriental (Córdoba, et al., 2000). En el sector sureste del Valle, asociado al frente de deformación occidental de la Cordillera Oriental, se localiza el Campo Escuela Colorado de la Universidad Industrial de Santander. Los estudios previos (Ecopetrol, 2003; Chajín, et al., 2013; Zafra, 2013) en dicho campo difieren en cuanto al modelo estructural y su relación con las estructuras regionales (por ejemplo, la falla de La Salina). En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de 15 modelos de simulación de una cuña crítica para definir las características estructurales en un ambiente compresivo. Los resultados de los modelos muestran un frente de deformación dominado por fallas con vergencia hacia el promontorio y retrocabalgamientos asociados. El apilamiento de material causó elevación topográfica en la zona axial de la cuña. Con base en la tendencia observada en los 15 experimentos realizados, se concluyó que la geometría de las estructuras está dominada por la escamación delgada y que el modelo estructural que define al Campo Escuela Colorado es una zona triangular controlada por unretrocabalgamiento. © 2018. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.
La factura en el entorno comercial iberoamericano. Especial referencia a Cuba
Authors: Sánchez Suárez Yoandis
Published: January 2019

Las relaciones propias de la actividad comercial tienen su expresión en la factura, documento privado que si bien dinamiza el mercado, requiere de adaptarse a la mutabilidad inherente a ese contexto. En consecuencia, el presente artículo se centra en las particularidades teóricas y normativas de la factura en países iberoamericanos representativos, su interacción con el crédito y la cesión de este, acudiéndose a la sistematización e integración de criterios doctrinales significativos, complementada con un examen exegético y comparado de la legislación aplicable, para luego abordar su manifestación en el ámbito cubano.
Reluxation Rates Following Different Techniques for Open Stabilisation of Feline Coxofemoral Dislocations
Authors: Russell Elly
Published: January 2019

PICO question

In cats with craniodorsal coxofemoral luxation does surgical stabilisation using a toggle rod technique result in a lower rate of reluxation than using a transarticular pin?

Clinical bottom line

There is currently insufficient evidence to identify if transarticular pinning or a toggle rod technique result in lower rates of reluxation following surgical management of craniodorsal coxofemoral luxations in cats.

Both transarticular pinning and toggling using the Arthrex Mini TightRope system with Arthrex FiberWire suture resulted in 0% reluxation rates at short-term radiographic follow up with 0/20 joints reluxated at 2–6 weeks post-transarticular pinning and 0/4 joints reluxated at 6 weeks post-toggling.

Toggling using an IMEX toggle (IMEX Veterinary Inc.) and polydioxanone (PDS II, Ethicon) suture had a higher reluxation rate of 14% (2/14 joints) at 3.5 to 6 weeks postsurgery.

Longer term follow up of joints stabilised using transarticular pinning found 16.6% reluxation (2/13 joints) when radiographed at least 6 months after surgery.

Small sample sizes, and variations in the length of follow up, inclusion and exclusion criteria and surgical technique significantly challenges any conclusions that may be drawn.

It does appear that reluxation rates for all three techniques investigated here compare favourably to generally quoted reluxation rates following open reduction (28% quoted by Rochereau et al., 2012) and that the use of all reported techniques can be justified for the management of craniodorsal coxofemoral luxations in cats.

  
Cumplimiento en lentes de contacto en Latinoamérica: un desafío educativo, no cultural
Authors: Morales Mac-Hale Claudio Andres
Published: January 2019

Although there have been notable advances in contact lenses, failure to comply with use schedules, changing times and care regimes is a significant problem in a wide range of users. Many eye care professionals associate the compliance with the rules of proper contact lens use with cultural elements however, it is important to ask whether this situation is really due to cultural factors or it has more to do with the education professionals give to users. This study is a qualitative research based on information review on the behavior of contact lens users, especially regarding their compliance with rules and instructions for use. The purpose is to identify what are the main aspects that influence the management of this type of lenses, to review the form and content of how patients are educated and trained, and to find appropriate tools to improve the practice of visual health professionals. Contactology has evolved, and specialization is now a reality however, this development sometimes omits significant basic aspects such as patient education and monitoring. This is an important issue, since an informed patient with an adequate accompaniment is a healthier patient with a better quality of life.
Bacterias oportunistas involucradas en infecciones oculares
Authors: Rodríguez Álvarez Martha Fabiola , Tavera Margarita , Acosta Linda
Published: January 2019

Este artículo busca describir las bacterias oportunistas que causan infecciones oculares para ello, se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en bases de datos (PubMed, SciELO, EBSCO Medline, ProQuest, ScienceDirect y Scopus) y libros. Se encontró que las bacterias oportunistas causantes de infecciones oculares son habitantes residentes o transitorios de la microbiota ocular: Staphylococcus epidermidis, Corynebacterium sp., Propionibacterium sp., y Micrococcus del ambiente: Enterobacter erogenes, Citrobacter, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Sphingomonas, Bradyrhizobium, Aquabacterium, Brevundimonas y Bacillus y de los animales: Francisella tularensis, Chlamydia psittacii y Leptospira. Estas bacterias ocasionan conjuntivitis, blefaritis, dacriocistitis, endoftalmitis, celulitis, queratitis y uveítis, en pacientes inmunocomprometidos, con una frecuencia mayor al 37 %. Además, la mayoría de especies son multirresistentes a los antimicrobianos, por lo cual representan un problema de salud pública que requiere el estudio de su hábitat y sus formas de transmisión, así como el diagnóstico y el control por parte del personal de la salud visual y ocular.
Conceptualização integral da ambliopia
Authors: Goñi-Boza Esteban , Ortiz Barrantes Rebeca
Published: January 2019

The present article discusses the conceptualization of the term amblyopia, considering that current definitions that abound are limited to focus on very narrow aspects of what is encompassed in the term. Through an analytical review of the principal studies and documents related to the topic, the paper proceeds to unify the main ideas in order to develop a comprehensive concept of amblyopia. The importance of an inclusive conceptualization lies in its possible influence at the moment of approaching amblyopia clinically, since it could determine the elements that optometrists should focus on and use as measures of success in its treatment.
FUNDEB E ACESSO Á INFORMAÇÃO: ANÁLISE DOS DADOS REFERENTES A RECURSOS DO FUNDO NO MUNICÍPIO DE BELÉM EM 2013
Authors: Araujo de Oliveira Pereira Bianca
Published: January 2019

O presente trabalho parte do pressuposto de que o marco legal de acesso à informação no Brasil possibilita o acesso às informações sobre a atuação da Administração Pública que sejam compreensíveis. Desta forma, foi feita análise dos dados acerca dos repasses, usos e desvios de recursos provenientes do Fundo de Manutenção e Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica e de Valorização dos Profissionais da Educação (FUNDEB) no município de Belém-PA, no ano de 2013, visando constatar se há acessibilidade quanto a estes dados, e se são também compreensíveis. Para isso, é realizada uma breve explanação do funcionamento do FUNDEB e do marco legal de acesso à informação. Em seguida, é feita explanação da metodologia utilizada, configurando o artigo como uma pesquisa qualitativa. São expostos os dados obtidos, seguida por análise feita a essas informações. Por fim, são apresentadas as considerações finais sobre o estudo.
As disputas pelos contornos do acesso à educação superior na Constituição de 1988: capacidade para quem?
Authors: Lemes Maurí­cio Buosi , Severi Fabiana Cristina
Published: January 2019

Nosso objetivo consiste em analisar a problemática da democratização do acesso às instituições públicas de educação superior no Brasil, com foco em algumas disputas do processo constituinte de 1987/88 e nas percepções de estudantes de ensino médio de escola pública sobre vestibular, ações afirmativas, universidade pública e direito à educação. Buscamos compreender essas narrativas a partir do marco teórico-conceitual de Constituição radical e de sociedade aberta dos intérpretes da Constituição. Enquanto procedimento metodológico, realizamos uma pesquisa sociojurídica empírica, de cunho qualitativo, que teve como fontes de coleta de dados alguns fragmentos de atas das audiências públicas realizadas pela Subcomissão dos Negros e da Educação no âmbito da Assembleia Nacional Constituinte de 1987/88, e as entrevistas semiestruturadas com estudantes. Para a interpretação dos dados obtidos, procuramos utilizar as ferramentas da Análise de Conteúdo. Em termos de tensão entre poder constituinte e poder constituído, diferentes narrativas estiveram em conflito pela significação social do direito à educação e do acesso ao ensino superior na Constituinte de 1987/88. Embora a narrativa do mérito individual tenha se tornado hegemônica, a linguagem dos direitos expressa pela Constituição Federal de 1988 e o alargamento do círculo de seus intérpretes têm possibilitado novos campos semânticos para que os movimentos negro, de luta pelo direito à educação e estudantes de ensino médio público reivindiquem uma gramática jurídica compatível com as suas experiências sociais.
ENTRE DIREITOS, REGALIAS, REGRAS E CASTIGOS: sentidos de justiça nas cadeias do Distrito Federal
Authors: Barreto Lemos Carolina
Published: January 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar os sentidos de justiça nas cadeias do Distrito Federal, explorando principalmente sua associação com o acionamento das categorias nativas direitos, regalias, regras e castigos e as articulações entre as práticas locais e a legislação pertinente à execução penal. As  reflexões apresentadas fazem parte dos resultados de uma pesquisa etnográfica realizada em cadeias do DF entre 2014 e 2016. A análise revelou que os sentidos locais de justiça constituem uma dimensão central do encarceramento. Elas são recorrentemente articuladas por presos/as como experiências de injustiça, caracterizadoras de formas de desconsideração que negam sua dignidade e identidade. A análise também apontou instâncias de produção e aplicação de normas que traduzem uma concepção de justiça singular, profundamente marcada por um viés autoritário, que caracteriza a cultura punitiva no Brasil.
Memórias do cativeiro e do jongo no Vale Histórico do Rio Paraíba do Sul – São Paulo
Authors: Da Costa Vitorino Diego , Andreatta Whitaker Dulce Consuelo
Published: January 2019

Este trabalho objetiva visibilizar o Jongo, expressão da cultura imaterial negra, a partir de pesquisa etnográfica realizada em Bananal-SP, cidade no Vale Histórico do Rio Paraíba do Sul, atualmente com cerca de 11 mil habitantes. A descrição sincrônica da vida cotidiana desta pequena cidade, construída a partir da observação etnográfica e do caderno de campo, possibilitou aos pesquisadores resgatar memórias do cativeiro e histórias de vida de algumas famílias negras, que guardam relatos importantes sobre nosso passado colonial. A sincronia do relato etnográfico foi questionada pela diacronia dos fatos históricos referentes ao povoamento da região, transformado pelo desenvolvimento das lavouras de café no Vale do Paraíba paulista, no início do Novecentos. Este trabalho é fruto da tese de doutorado “Um Divórcio entre Escola e Comunidade? Bananal-SP, um ‘laboratório a céu aberto’ no Vale Histórico do Rio Paraíba do Sul”. Para além dos muros da escola local, havia memórias, músicas e danças característicos das populações negras trazidas pela diáspora africana, tal como a antifonia do canto no Jongo, que revela sua herança cultural. Argumentamos que foram as altas taxas de famílias negras, historiograficamente confirmadas, que possibilitaram a manutenção da memória individual e coletiva dos africanos e afro-brasileiros na localidade. Essas memórias subalternas desvelam uma visão de mundo, além de manifestações culturais negras que resistiram às passagens dos séculos XIX, XX até o início do XXI. A cosmogonia, presente até hoje na cidade, dá particularidade histórica à identidade da população local e demonstra a diversidade cultural no estado de São Paulo
A ideologia do empreendedorismo e da inovação nas universidades públicas brasileiras na fase do capital financeiro / monopolista
Authors: Ramos Junior Armenes de Jesus , Turmena Leandro , Nunes Sidemar Presotto , Andrade Zinara Marcet de
Published: January 2019

Analisa-se a ideologia do empreendedorismo de forma a compreender as consequências da apropriação dessa noção do “acadêmico-empreendedor”, na tentativa de imitar o padrão norte-americano e europeu de pesquisa e desenvolvimento. No atual contexto do domínio do capital financeiro, a pesquisa e o desenvolvimento são realizados quase que totalmente nos países-sede das empresas imperialistas, resultando que os investimentos por parte destas empresas são muito baixos nos países semicoloniais, como é o caso do Brasil. Os resultados perversos deste modelo são notados até mesmo nos países centrais do capitalismo. Assim, sob o manto da ideologia da inovação e de uma pesquisa supostamente engajada, o “acadêmico-empreendedor” passa a orientar sua atividade profissional pela máxima captação de recursos de fontes privadas e o patenteamento de pequenos inventos, na tentativa de se viabilizar enquanto pesquisador ou “extensionista-empreendedor”, no contexto da expansão da educação superior no Brasil.
O curso de licenciatura em música da Escola de Música e Belas Artes do Paraná: lutas e conquistas entre os anos 1949 e 1973
Authors: Malaquias Tadeu Aparecido , Vieira Alboni Marisa D P
Published: January 2019

O artigo trata do processo de reconhecimento oficial do curso de licenciatura em música da Escola de Música e Belas Artes do Paraná (EMBAP), com as lutas e conquistas vividas nessa trajetória. Tem como objetivo analisar a formação dos professores de música entre entre 1949 e 1973, contextualizando a criação e o desenvolvimento do curso de formação de professores na instituição. De natureza bibliográfica e documental, a pesquisa se debruçou em fontes documentais oficiais e em livros e artigos como os de Alucci et al. (2012), Fonterrada (2008) e Prosser (2004). Resultou, dessa forma, uma intrincada teia de informações que se inicia com a criação da EMBAP e do seu curso de educação musical, até o reconhecimento oficial pelo Conselho Nacional de Educação, em 1973.
Contribuições da psicologia à educação básica e o problema da psicologização da educação: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Zucolotto Marcele Pereira da Rosa
Published: January 2019

O lugar ocupado historicamente pelas teorias psicológicas acabou por produzir o processo de psicologização da educação, ou seja, quando problemas educacionais são reduzidos, quase exclusivamente, a problemas psíquicos individuais ou familiares. Assim, a Psicologia acabou estabelecendo um percurso de legitimação de práticas adaptacionistas e de exclusão que, contemporaneamente, vem sendo repensado por teorias que buscam reinserir o social como pilar importante a sustentar as explicações de problemas relacionados à aprendizagem e à educação. Por meio de uma pesquisa de revisão bibliográfica narrativa, busca-se repensar sobre as reais contribuições da atuação da Psicologia ao campo da Educação Básica considerando o fenômeno da psicologização da educação. Entende-se que a Psicologia só poderá contribuir a esta esfera da educação se fortalecer, através de um olhar crítico sobre suas teorias e práticas, um modo pensar e de operar que procure romper com sua história de psicologização e de adaptação social.
O método da emancipação chega ao novo mundo: o ensino universal de Jacotot no Brasil (1840-1848)
Authors: Cruz Crislaine Santana , Bretas Silvana Aparecida
Published: January 2019

O presente estudo divulga os resultados da dissertação intitulada: “Caridade sem limites. Sciência sem privillegios”: o Ensino Universal de Jacotot por Benoît Mure no Brasil (1840-1848). A ideia de novo mundo para se referir ao recém descoberto continente americano permeou o pensamento de estrangeiros europeus curiosos por conhecer o Brasil no século XIX. Imaginar uma terra onde se podia criar uma sociedade diferente, tendo como base um velho mundo viciado e em que já não era possível acreditar na igualdade entre os homens, de certo, motivou a vinda de muitos imigrantes para esta nova terra, com ideias de criar aqui uma sociedade nova e sem os vícios do antigo continente. Benoît Jules Mure representa bem esse estrangeiro animado pela possibilidade de um novo começo numa nova terra. O nosso objetivo é o de compreender as ações e modos de divulgação empregados por Benoît Jules Mure para promover as ideias do Método do Ensino Universal no Brasil. O estudo se baseia em autores como: Rancière (2013); Sirinelli (2003); Faria Filho (2011), entre outros. Destaca-se que Mure atuou em diversas frentes na divulgação do Método, desde publicações nos periódicos da época, até sua aplicação na escola de Homeopatia.
Contribuciones teóricas para el análisis de la dimensión político-educativa del proyecto histórico popular chileno
Authors: Gatica Cristian Olivares , Ducasse J. Fabián Cabaluz , Paredes Mauricio Saraos , Rodríguez Felipe Cabaluz
Published: January 2019

Este artigo se desenvolve a partir da premissa da existência de um Projeto Histórico Popular (PHP) evidenciado nas diferentes lutas, formas de organização e experiências do movimento popular chileno através da história. Este projeto de natureza histórica tem uma inegável dimensão político-educacional que se manifesta através de diferentes experiências associativas, práticas discursivas e resistências, em que o conhecimento popular se desdobra em uma dinâmica constante de criação e apropriação. Para analisar suas formas de expressão e abrangência, propõe-se, em termos metodológicos, a conceituação de diferentes núcleos de conhecimento que permitem analisar a experiência histórica do movimento popular, a partir de uma perspectiva político-educacional.
Editorial
Authors: Coutinho Luciana Cristina Salvatti , Silva Régis Henrique dos Reis , Rodrigues Fabiana de Cássia , Jacomeli Mara Regina Martins
Published: January 2019

Com este número 78 da Revista HISTEDBR On-Line encerramos as publicações de 2018.Como sabido, a Revista HISTEDBR On-Line é um periódico que publica estudos e pesquisas desenvolvidos na área da Educação e que estabelecem diálogo entre História, Sociedade e Educação. Buscando inserir os debates contemporâneos no escopo da revista inauguramos, este ano, a Sessão Debates, além de termos destacado, nos editoriais, aspectos que consideramos relevantes para compreensão da conjuntura atual. Os próprios editoriais expressam esse movimento da história atual e, por isso, destacamos nesse último editorial alguns pontos importantes, reforçando-os como primordiais para compreensão do tempo presente.Encerramos o ano com a publicação na Sessão debates do Ensaio de Luiz Carlos de Freitas intitulado “ESCOLAS APRISIONADAS EM UMA DEMOCRACIA APRISIONADA: anotações para uma resistência propositiva” e, compondo ainda esse número 78, além do ensaio da Sessão debates, contamos com estudos e pesquisas com diferentes temáticas e abordagens realizados por pesquisadores vinculados a diferentes instituições Brasil e internacional, tais como: PUCPR, UEM, UFS, Unioeste, UFSCar, UFU, UEL, UTFPR, IFRJ, Universidade Franscicana, SME Cascavel, SME Aruarama, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Academia de Humanismo Cristiano e Universidad Andrés Bello (Chile).
A Real-Time BOD Estimation Method in Wastewater Treatment Process Based on an Optimized Extreme Learning Machine
Authors: Yu Ping , Cao Jie , Jegatheesan Veeriah , Du Xianjun
Published: January 2019

It is difficult to capture the real-time online measurement data for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in wastewater treatment processes. An optimized extreme learning machine (ELM) based on an improved cuckoo search algorithm (ICS) is proposed in this paper for the design of soft BOD measurement model. In ICS-ELM, the input weights matrices of the extreme learning machine (ELM) and the threshold of the hidden layer are encoded as the cuckoo's nest locations. The best input weights matrices and threshold are obtained by using the strong global search ability of improved cuckoo search (ICS) algorithm. The optimal results can be used to improve the precision of forecasting based on less number of neurons of the hidden layer in ELM. Simulation results show that the soft sensor model has good real-time performance, high prediction accuracy and stronger generalization performance for BOD measurement of the effluent quality compared to other modeling methods such as back propagation (BP) network in most cases.
Moses Effect (Deformation of Diamagnetic Liquid/Vapor Interface by Magnetic Field): Physics and Applications
Authors: Bormashenko Edward
Published: January 2019

Deformation of the surface of diamagnetic liquid by magnetic field is called the “Moses Effect”. Physics and applications of the direct and inverse Moses effects are reviewed. Experimental techniques enabling visualization of the effects are surveyed. Impact of magnetic field on micro- and macroscopic properties of liquids is addressed. Influence of the surface tension on the shape of the near-surface dip formed in a diamagnetic liquid by magnetic field is reported. Floating of diamagnetic bodies driven by the Moses effect is treated. The effect of the “magnetic memory of water” in its relation to the Moses Effect is discussed. The dynamics of self-healing of near-surface dips due to the Moses Effect is considered.
Identification of Critical Source Areas (CSAs) and Evaluation of Best Management Practices (BMPs) in Controlling Eutrophication in Dez River Basin
Authors: Babaei Hadi , Nazari-Sharabian Mohammad , Karakouzian Moses , Ahmad Sajjad
Published: January 2019

Best management practices (BMPs) are a way to control pollution in river basins. Prioritization of BMPs helps improve efficiency and effectiveness of pollution reduction, especially in critical source areas (CSAs) that produce the highest pollution loads. Recently, the Dez River, Khuzestan, Iran, has become highly eutrophic from overuse of fertilizers and pesticides. Dry and irrigated farming produce 77.34% and 6.3% of the total nitrogen (TN) load, and 83.56% and 4.3% of the total phosphorus (TP) load in this basin, respectively. Residential, pasture, and forest land uses account for 16.36% of the TN and 12.14% of the TP load cumulatively. In this study, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was implemented to model the Dez River basin, and evaluate the applicability of several BMPs including point source elimination, filter strips, livestock grazing, and river channel management, in reducing the entry of pollution loads to the river. Sensitivity analysis and calibration/validation of the model was performed using the SUFI-2 algorithm in the SWAT Calibration Uncertainties Program (SWAT-CUP). CSAs were identified using individual (sediment, TN, TP) and combined indices, based on the amount of pollution produced. Among the BMPs implemented, filter strips were most effective in reducing TN loads (59%), and, increasing the D50 of particles for river channel management was most effective in reducing TP loads (49%).
Heterogeneous Catalysis Under Flow for the 21st Century Fine Chemical Industry
Authors: Ciriminna Rosaria , Pagliaro Mario , Luque Rafael
Published: January 2019

Due to metal leaching and poor catalyst stability, the chemical industry’s fine chemical and pharmaceutical sectors have been historically reluctant to use supported transition metal catalysts to manufacture fine chemicals and active pharmaceutical ingredients. With the advent of new generation supported metal catalysts and flow chemistry, we argue in this study, this situation is poised to quickly change. Alongside heterogenized metal nanoparticles, both single-site molecular and single-atom catalyst will become ubiquitous. This study offers a critical outlook taking into account both technical and economic aspects.
Criminal Justice Barriers to Treatment of Opioid Use Disorders in the United States: The Need for Public Health Advocacy
Authors: Csete Joanne
Published: January 2019

Expanding access to treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) is central to addressing the US overdose mortality crisis.

Numerous barriers to OUD treatment are encountered in criminal justice institutions and processes, with which people with OUD are disproportionately involved. OUD treatment access is severely limited in US corrections facilities, with few exceptions. Drug treatment courts, which in principle provide court-supervised treatment as an alternative to prison, have also unduly limited treatment options, particularly medication-assisted treatment.

The voice and expertise of health professionals are urgently needed to remove these barriers and ensure that criminally accused persons are systematically linked to the care they need.
Economic Benefit of “Modern” Nonemergency Medical Transportation That Utilizes Digital Transportation Networks
Authors: Rochlin Danielle H. , Lee Chuan-Mei , Scheuter Claudia , Milstein Arnold , Kaplan Robert M.
Published: January 2019

Objectives. To determine the economic benefit of “modern” nonemergency medical transportation (NEMT) that utilizes digital transportation networks compared with traditional NEMT in the United States.

Methods. We used the National Academies’ NEMT cost-effectiveness model to perform a baseline cost savings analysis for provision of NEMT for transportation-disadvantaged Medicaid beneficiaries. On the basis of a review of the literature, commercial information, and structured expert interviews, we performed a sensitivity analysis to determine the incremental economic benefit of using modern NEMT. We estimated confidence intervals (CIs) by using Monte Carlo simulation.

Results. Total annual net savings for traditional NEMT in Medicaid was approximately $4 billion. For modern NEMT, estimated savings on ride costs varied from 30% to 70%. In comparison with traditional, modern NEMT was estimated to save $268 per expected user (95% CI = $248, $288 per member per year) and $537 million annually (95% CI = $496 million, $577 million) when scaled nationally.

Conclusions. Modern NEMT has the potential to yield greater cost savings than traditional NEMT while also improving patient experience.

Public Health Implications: Barriers to NEMT are a health risk affecting high-need, economically disadvantaged patients. Economic arguments supporting modern NEMT are important given decreased support for human services spending.
Technology Focus: Formation Damage (February 2019)
Authors: Fleming Niall
Published: January 2019

Technology Focus

Formation damage: Do we always need to have a high focus on its prevention, or do occasions exist when it really does not matter? We use significant resources in terms of personnel and testing for the avoidance of formation damage. For new field developments, large studies are undertaken to identify the optimal fluid selection and pumping sequences for producers and injectors. Such studies also ensure compatibility between the fluid candidates and the relevant production/injection intervals and lower completion designs. A similar approach is made when an asset changes fluid vendor.

However, in all this fluid evaluation, do we ever consider the actual significance of formation damage during the well lifetime? Take the example of fluid qualification for a produced-water-reinjection well. We perform corefloods to identify the least-damaging drilling and completions fluids. At the start of injection, we have a well with good injectivity, but, after a few weeks in operation, we notice a sharp decline in volumes being injected. The cause has nothing to do with the drilling and completion fluids but rather the injection of produced water, which, although within specification, contains fines and oil-in-water emulsion that causes formation plugging. This is a common occurrence for many injectors, with fracturing used to increase injectivity. Given that plugging of the injector is expected a short time after the initiation of injection and that fracturing will be used to bypass the damaged zone, is it useful to spend resources on qualifying nondamaging drilling and completion fluids for such wells?

However, many instances occur where inadequate drilling- and completion-fluid evaluation has resulted in significant formation damage with a corresponding negative effect on productivity. Often, finding the specific cause of the lower-than-expected well productivity can prove to be very demanding. Several detrimental factors can act concurrently, or a single cause may be responsible. Typically, these include sandscreen plugging, inadequate cleanup, fluid incompatibility leading to emulsion formation, mud-solids invasion, and excessive fluid losses, among many others.  Simulating the downhole operational sequences through coreflood has been used with varying success to identify the cause of the damaging mechanism if it is related to the drilling and completion fluids used.

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

SPE 189483 Perforation Crushed Zone Characteristics in a Subsurface Sandstone by G.G. Craddock, Halliburton, et al.

SPE 185889 The Nature of Drilling-Fluid Invasion, Cleanup, and Retention During Reservoir-Formation Drilling and Completion by Justin Green, Corex, et al.

SPE 189520 Restoring the Auca Field Potential Through Formation-Damage Removal by B. Fun-Sang, Schlumberger, et al.
Effect of Ligand Type Attached to Zirconium-Based Crosslinkers and the Effect of a New Dual Crosslinker on the Properties of Crosslinked Carboxymethylhydroxypropylguar
Authors: Sokhanvarian Khatere , Nasr-El-Din Hisham A. , Harper Thomas L.
Published: January 2019

Hydraulic fracturing has become a common practice in the petroleum industry, and several systems have been developed to obtain a suitable crosslinked polymer for the treatment. However, each system has its strengths and weaknesses. This study aims to investigate the effect of three different ligand types attached to zirconium (Zr) on the performance of carboxymethylhydroxypropylguar (CMHPG) crosslinked with Zr-based crosslinkers with the different ligands. The shear recoverability and rapid viscosity buildup at the high pH of Zr-based crosslinkers were overcome by a new aluminum-zirconium (Al-Zr) dual crosslinker in this research.

The polymer used was CMHPG, and the tests were conducted at pH of 3.8 and 10.8. One of the factors that affects the gel performance is the type of ligand attached to the Zr. Because the Zr-based crosslinkers are shear-sensitive, ligands were introduced to delay the crosslinking until the fluid passes the high-shear environments (perforations). Therefore, in this study, lactate, propylene glycol, and triethanolamine (TEA) were studied as ligands attached to the Zr. Two Zr crosslinkers with almost the same concentration of Zr can display different performances if the ligand attached to the Zr is not the same.

The rapid viscosity buildup at high pH had always been a limitation of Zr crosslinkers; however, a new Al-Zr dual crosslinker was introduced in the present study to address this limitation. The Al-Zr crosslinker outperformed all the other crosslinkers examined in the present study. Immediate viscosity buildup at a high pH and a lack of shear recoverability of Zr-based crosslinkers was addressed through the Al-Zr crosslinker. The Al-Zr crosslinker introduced in this study is one compound that is easy to use in the field. The Al-Zr crosslinker performance was compared with the boron-zirconium (B-Zr) crosslinker: Both had lactate as a ligand attached to them. Among all the Zr-based crosslinkers in this study, the Zr crosslinker with lactate and propylene glycol as a ligand performed the best. The CMHPG crosslinked with each of the crosslinkers was tested for proppant-carrying purposes along with static leakoff rates. The results revealed gel-proppant-suspending capabilities and acceptable leakoff rates.

Extensive laboratory research is a key to a successful field treatment. These results indicate that fracturing fluids are complex, and the ligand type is one of the important factors in determining the final properties of fracturing fluids. Therefore, the results of this study will assist in developing Zr-based crosslinkers that address their current shortcomings.
Alfalfa–Grass Mixtures in Comparison to Grass and Alfalfa Monocultures
Authors: Aponte Alfredo , Samarappuli Dulan , Berti Marisol T.
Published: January 2019

Core Ideas

Alfalfa–grass mixtures are good alternative to alfalfa and grass monocultures.

In the establishment year, alfalfa dominated the mixture, whereas as stands got older, grasses increased their contribution to the biomass.

Alfalfa had higher crude protein, whereas grasses had higher fiber digestibility.

Alfalfa–grass mixtures improved forage seasonal distribution.

The most common binary mixture in the northern Great Plains is smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis L.) (SBG) with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). However, other mixtures might have advantages over SBG–alfalfa. The objective was to compare forage yield, nutritive value, seasonal distribution, and persistence of grasses in monoculture or binary mixtures with alfalfa. A field experiment was established in 2010 in Fargo, Prosper, and Carrington, ND, and results were evaluated until 2013. Several wheatgrass species not commonly used in alfalfa–grass mixtures were tested. All grass species produced higher forage yield in binary mixtures with alfalfa than in monoculture. Binary mixtures had higher persistence in normal rainfall conditions and improved forage nutritive value. Alfalfa contributed with higher crude protein, whereas grasses had higher digestibility of the fiber. Intermediate wheatgrass [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey], not commonly included in mixtures with alfalfa, had greater biomass yield than many of the grasses in mixture with alfalfa, although not significantly different from SBG–alfalfa mixture. In the establishment year, alfalfa dominated the mixture (77–99% of total biomass), whereas as stands got older, grasses increased their contribution to the harvested biomass. In the third production year, grass in the mixtures was, on average, 50% of the total biomass. Alfalfa–grass mixtures with grasses other than SBG had similar or greater yield than SBG–alfalfa, increasing the number of potential grass choices that can be used in mixtures. In general, alfalfa–grass mixtures had greater forage yield and nutritive value than grass monocultures.
Square Insecticidal Protein Concentration Relate to its Biomass in Bt Cotton
Authors: Zhou Mingyuan , Li Yabing , Cui Qin , Abidallha Eltayib. H. M. A. , Chen Yuan , Chen Dehua
Published: January 2019

Core Ideas

Cultivar with high square biomass for individual and whole plant had higher insecticidal protein content.

The increased square biomass by mepiquat chloride application enhaced Bt protein concentration.

The decreased square biomass by nitrogen deficit reduced square Bt protein concentration.

The square insecticidal protein concentration relates to its biomass.

Bt transgenic cotton has been cultivated in China and many other cotton production areas in the world. However, the insecticidal efficacy is often low for the reproductive organs, especially for the cultivars with a big boll in China. The objective of the study focused on the effect of square biomass on the Bt protein concentration during the squaring period for Bt cotton. In the variety effect study in 2015 and 2016, two hybrid Bt cultivars (Sikang3 and Sumian29) and two conventional Bt cultivars (Sikang1 and Nucotn33B) were compared for square biomass and Bt toxin content from 15 to 25 d after square appearance (DASP) during the cotton growing seasons. Cultivars with high square biomass for individual and whole plant had higher insecticidal protein content. In the cultural practice effect study in 2017, the experiment of mepiquat chloride (MC) dose and different nitrogen deficit extents were designed to further investigate the relationship between square biomass and square Bt protein concentration. The MC application significantly increased square mass and square Bt protein content. In contrast, the nitrogen deficit decreased square mass together with square insecticidal protein concentration. The positive correlation between square biomass (the individual square biomass and the square biomass per plant) and square insecticidal protein content was highly significant in variety study and cultural practice study. The results indicated that increment of square development by variety selection and cultural practice could increase insect resistance during squaring period of Bt cotton.
Using the pre‐sidedress nitrate test to prescribe variable‐rate nitrogen in Minnesota
Authors: Carlson Brad , Vetsch Jeffrey , Miller Ryan
Published: January 2019

The availability of new technology for rapidly analyzing soil samples for nitrate in recent years has led to renewed interest in using the pre‐sidedress nitrate test (PSNT) as a method for prescribing variable‐rate nitrogen. This study compared pre‐plant application of nitrogen fertilizer, split application, and a split treatment using a base rate plus a variable rate determined using the PSNT. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Nutrient Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/645.
Factors affecting nitrogen availability and variability in cornfields
Authors: Tao Haiying , Morris Thomas F. , Kyveryga Peter , McGuire John
Published: January 2019

Current N recommendation systems are not suited for field‐specific recommendations. This research was designed to address this inadequacy and to improve understanding of environmental and management factors that have the greatest influence on N availability and loss at the individual field scale. Earn 1 CEU in Nutrient Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/647.