bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of effect of the coronater drug on the indices of deformation of the left ventricular myocardium in patients with chd
Authors: Малыгина  , Malygina V. , Сергунина  , Sergunina I. , Туаева  , Tuaeva Z. , Новикова  , Novikova O.
Published: February 2015

Currently, the methods of early diagnosis and treatment of stable angina are of interest to researchers. One of the methods of diagnosis is echocardiography using a two-dimensional speckle tracking. Technology speckle tracking allows to evaluate systolic and diastolic heart function in various cardiovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease (CHD). By means of this program all types of myocardial deformation: radial, circular, longitudinal, the rate of deformation and rotation of the myocardium can be evaluated. The clinical studies have shown that changes in the indices of deformation are sensitive markers of myocardial ischemia in the early stages [9]. In this study the authors investigated the effect of anti-anginal drug Coronater on the parameters of radial, circular and longitudinal deformation of the left ventricular myocardium in patients with angina pectoris 1-2 functional class (FC). The drug Coronater is phytotherapeutic preparation of anti-anginal action used to treat angina FC 1-2. The main active ingredients are Ligustikum Sichuan and broneol. Most clinical studies confirm the effectiveness of anti-anginal drug Coronater having significant coronarolytic and anti-ischemic effects.
Patterns and volumes of formation of economic loss and social burden due to the mortality of patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Масякин  , Masyakin A.
Published: February 2015

To evaluate the overall economic losses from premature mortality of patients with schizophrenia in psychiatric hospitals of Moscow; evaluate the economic and social burden (at a sufficiently representative sample) mortality of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and able to work at the time of death engaged in labor activities. The contribution of men and women in economic damage in spite of the fact that the ratio of the dead men and women in the study sample was 1: 1.7, the contribution to the overall economic impact of male mortality was significantly greater (ratio 2.5: 1). Economic damage for 5 years from the premature death of patients, potentially employed in the economy amounted to RUB 449,451,416.0. In recalculation per 1000 people per year – 936.4 million. Rubles. Was used by one of the two components of the index DALY: Years of Life Lost (YLL) – years lost (lost) life – the difference between life expectancy and the age at which the individual died. The obtained results were statistically significant and correlated with literature data (YLL rate averaged 15.7 years, the number of nedozhityh to life expectancy for males had an average of 4.4 years longer than in women (18.8 and 14.4, respectively)).
Structural and morphological aspects of heart failure in chronic renal failure
Authors: Артифексова  , Artifeksova A. , Зубеева  , Zubeeva G. , Харламова  , Kharlamova O. , Суслова  , Suslova O. , Монахова  , Monakhova I. , Суворов  , Suvorov Anatoliy , Лазукин  , Lazukin V.
Published: February 2015

The purpose of the study was to identify the structural and morphological characteristics of myocardium in patients with chronic renal insufficiency with clinical signs of heart failure and coronary heart disease. Surveyed 141 patients with chronic renal insufficiency 0, I, II, III stages. An eсhocardioscopiс study were held on the Vivid S6, General Electric, United States, which was of course-diastolic left ventricular cavity transverse dimension, thickness of the ventricular septal and posterior wall of the left ventricle, the length of the left ventricle in diastolic phase. Calculation is made of left ventricular myocardial mass index, index of the sphericity of the eccentricity. Determined the content of creatinine, CK-MB, troponin I and myoglobin. Morphological study on myocardial autopsic material 46 deaths of patients with chronic renal failure of varying degrees of severity. The Results. Initial displays remodeling appear in patients in the early stages of the disease. The loading phase of the disease is growing concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle, there has been a progression of remodeling in increasing the frequency of occurrence of spherisation the cavity of the left ventricle. Dialysis reduces the severity of concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle. As a result of the microscopic study of the heart was installed correlative dependence of structural changes in the myocardium of symptoms of chronic kidney failure.
Stab wounds to the neck. Treatment in the city hospital. (case study)
Authors: Науменко  , Naumenko E.
Published: February 2015

A clinical case study with patients with severe combined stab wounds to the neck and left shoulder. During the operation, the effective intubation wounded carried anesthetist available through a wound on the front of the neck, which communicates with the cavity ro-toglotki. Made a temporary stop bleeding by applying hemostatic zazhi-atoms. Intraoperatively administered broad-spectrum antibiotics. Introduced tetanus anatok-syn. With further audit revealed multiple injuries external jugular veins, facial veins and mandibular artery extending from the external carotid artery. Produced by ligation of these suck-ing, dressing which does not lead to a violation of cerebral circulation. Achieved sustained hemostasis. Next was performed upper tracheostomy: additional skin incision above the sternal notch. Mouth-stalled nasogastric tube, the wound washed abundantly with antiseptic solutions. Skill layering suturing mucosa of the oropharynx. Also gastrostomy was performed to unload the esophagus and postoperative enteral nutrition. At the same time packed red blood cells transfused, and fresh frozen plasma to replenish blood loss. Hyoid hemmed bottom to the soft tissues of the oral cavity, oropharynx restored. There are three silicone drainage tube into the cavity of the wound. Soft tissues are compared and sutured with interrupted sutures individual. After operation on the third day were removed from drainage surgery. On the 4th day postoperative period - the state of the injured is stable, heavy, in the mind of the patient is adequate.

Recommended in such cases, pay particular attention to the ongoing external and / or roto-pharyngeal bleeding, signs of shock and acute massive blood loss. On hard or fast growing hematoma in the neck; on the dislocation, obstructive, stenotic, valves, suction asphyxia; on the growing phenomenon of respiratory failure; appearing on or exacerbated by focal neurological symptoms.
A system for proper multiple-conclusion entailment
Authors: Skura Tomasz , Wiśniewski Andrzej
Published: February 2015

The concept of proper multiple-conclusion entailment is introduced. For any sets X, Y of formulas, we say that Y is properly mc-entailed by X iff Y is mc-entailed by X, but no A ∈ Y is single-conclusion entailed by X. The concept has a natural interpretation in terms of question evocation. A sound and complete axiom system for the propositional case of proper mc-entailment is presented.
Question dependency in terms of compliance and erotetic implication
Authors: Łupkowski Paweł
Published: February 2015

The dependency relation between questions is discussed in terms of compliance (developed within inquisitive semantics – INQ) and erotetic implication (developed within Inferential Erotetic Logic – IEL). I show that INQ approach to questions’ dependency is more narrow and strict than the one offered by IEL.
Vacuolar hepatopathy in Scottish Terriers
Authors: Tennant Bryn
Published: February 2015

Introduction:

Vacuolar hepatopathy in Scottish Terriers is linked to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and may result from adrenal disease.
The feline cardiac clinical examination
Authors: Francis Andrew
Published: February 2015

Almost all chapters and articles discussing the cardiac clinical examination extol its many virtues in great detail. This may — to the seasoned reader of cardiac clinical literature — come across as a little trite. However, the more experienced a clinician becomes, arguably the greater the importance attributed to the clinical examination. This article will explore in detail the cardiac clinical examination with particular reference to the feline patient, and the many subtleties and nuances inherent in the clinical evaluation of this species.
Causes of and treatment for atrophic vaginitis
Authors: Kochar Suneeta
Published: February 2015

Vaginal dryness is a common, underdiagnosed condition that is easily treated, says Suneeta Kochhar
Legal options for tackling social media abuse
Authors: McGregor Andrew , Maddock Paul
Published: February 2015

Last week, SecEd looked at practical steps teachers and schools can take to stay safe online. Here, experts Andrew McGregor and Paul Maddock look at what legal recourse schools have when tackling social media abuse
Femoral nerve infusion after primary total knee arthroplasty
Authors: C. Wyatt M. , Wright T. , Locker J. , Stout K. , Chapple C. , Theis J. C.
Published: February 2015

Objectives

Effective analgesia after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) improves patient satisfaction, mobility and expedites discharge. This study assessed whether continuous femoral nerve infusion (CFNI) was superior to a single-shot femoral nerve block in primary TKA surgery completed under subarachnoid blockade including morphine.

Methods

We performed an adequately powered, prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled trial comparing CFNI of 0.125% bupivacaine versus normal saline following a single-shot femoral nerve block and subarachnoid anaesthesia with intrathecal morphine for primary TKA. Patients were randomised to either treatment (CFNI 0 ml to 10 ml/h 0.125% bupivacaine) or placebo (CFNI 0 ml to 10 ml/h normal saline). Both groups received a single-shot femoral nerve block (0.25% 20 ml bupivacaine) prior to placement of femoral nerve catheter and subarachnoid anaesthesia with intrathecal morphine. All patients had a standardised analgesic protocol. The primary end point was post-operative visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score over 72 hours post-surgery. Secondary outcomes were morphine equivalent dose, range of movement, side effects, and length of stay.

Results

A total of 86 patients were recruited. Treatment and placebo groups were comparable. No significant difference was found in VAS pain scores, total morphine equivalent requirements, side effects, range of movement, motor block, or length of hospital stay.

Conclusion

No significant advantage was found for CFNI over a single-shot femoral block and subarachnoid anaesthesia after TKA. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2015;4:11–16.
An Effect of Cellulose Crystallinity on the Moisture Absorbability of a Pharmaceutical Tablet Studied by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Awa Kimie , Shinzawa Hideyuki , Ozaki Yukihiro
Published: February 2015

In this study, we investigated molecular-level variation of tablets caused by grinding and its effect on their actual moisture absorbability. Model tablets contained acetaminophen as an active pharmaceutical ingredient and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as an excipient. Different levels of grinding were applied during the tablet formulation to intentionally cause the structural variation of the MCC. The moisture absorbability of tablets showed obvious variation depending on the grinding time, and the corresponding change in near-infrared spectra was readily captured. The detailed analysis of the variation of the band frequencies (i.e., wavenumber) revealed that the grinding process substantially disintegrates the crystalline and generates a glassy amorphous structure of MCC, which is a requirement to absorb water molecules. Consequently, it is very likely that the change of the moisture absorbability of the tablets is closely related to the development of the amorphous structure. These results indicate that the pharmaceutical product performances can be influenced by the physical properties of the excipient, which in turn can be controlled by the grinding process.
Two-Dimensional Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Correlation Spectroscopy Study of the Imidization Reaction from Polyamic Acid to Polyimide
Authors: Xu Yuan , Zhang Qinghua
Published: February 2015

The mechanism of the thermal imidization of solid-state polyamic acid was studied using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy using the two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy method. It is assumed that two isomers exist in a polyamic acid segment: one is called the para-segment, which favors imidization reaction, the other is the meta-segment, which is not in favor for imidization unless the temperature is high enough. The results show that the imidization process differs for the two states of polyamic acid segments. The para-segment is more sensitive to the heat environment for the formation of imide ring, and it will take several intermediate steps to complete the ring closure at the aid of the solvent. As for the meta-segment, the ring will be closed before the imide formation due to the powerful energy provided in the high-temperature environment, and the ever-increasing chain rigidity and the loss of solvent during the heating process make this path the only option to continue the imidization process.
Confocal Raman Microscopy for Investigating Synthesis and Characterization of Individual Optically Trapped Vinyl-Polymerized Surfactant Particles
Authors: Schaefer Jonathan J. , Crawford Alexis C. , Porter Marc D. , Harris Joel M.
Published: February 2015

Small polymeric particles are increasingly employed as adsorbent materials, as molecular carriers, as delivery vehicles, and in preconcentration applications. The rational development of these materials requires in situ methods of analysis to characterize their synthesis, structure, and applications. Optical-trapping confocal Raman microscopy is a spectroscopic method capable of acquiring information at several stages of the development of such dispersed particulate materials. In the present study, an example material is developed and tested using confocal Raman microscopy for characterization at each stage of the process. Specifically, the method is used to investigate the synthesis, structure, and applications of individual polymeric surfactant particles produced by the vinyl polymerization of sodium 11-acrylamidoundecanoate (SAAU). The kinetics of polymerization can be monitored over time by measuring the loss of the acrylamide C=C functional groups using confocal Raman microscopy of particles optically trapped by the excitation laser, where, within the limits of detecting the vinyl functional group, the complete polymerization of the SAAU monomer was achieved. The polymerized SAAU particles are spherical, and they exhibit uniform access to water throughout their structure, as tested by the penetration of heavy water (D2O) and collection of spatially resolved Raman spectra from the interior of the particle. These porous particles contain hydrophobic domains that can be used to accumulate molecules for adsorption or carrier applications. This property was tested by using confocal Raman microscopy to measure the accumulation equilibria and kinetics of a model compound, dioxybenzone. The partitioning of this compound into the polymer surfactant could be determined on a quantitative basis using relative scattering cross sections of the SAAU monomer and the adsorbate. The study points out the utility of optical-trapping confocal Raman microscopy for investigating the synthesis, structure, and potential carrier applications of polymeric particle materials.
Approximating the Detection Limit of an Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging Microscope Operating in an Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) Modality: Theoretical and Empirical Results for an Instrument Using a Linear Array Detector and a 1.5 Millimeter Germanium Hemisphere Internal Reflection Element
Authors: Lanzarotta Adam
Published: February 2015

Theoretical and empirical detection limits have been estimated for aripiprazole (analyte) in alpha lactose monohydrate (matrix model pharmaceutical formulation) using a micro-attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopic imaging instrument equipped with a linear array detector and a 1.5 mm germanium hemisphere internal reflection element (IRE). The instrument yielded a theoretical detection limit of 0.0035% (35 parts per million (ppm)) when operating under diffraction-limited conditions, which was 49 times lower than what was achieved with a traditional macro-ATR instrument operating under practical conditions (0.17%, 1700 ppm). However, these results may not be achievable for most analyses because the detection limits will be particle size limited, rather than diffraction limited, for mixtures with average particle diameters greater than 8.3 μm (most pharmaceutical samples). For example, a theoretical detection limit of 0.028% (280 ppm) was calculated for an experiment operating under particle size-limited conditions where the average particle size was 23.4 μm. These conditions yielded a detection limit of 0.022% (220 ppm) when measured empirically, which was close to the theoretical value and only eight times lower than that of a faster, more simplistic macro-ATR instrument. Considering the longer data acquisition and processing times characteristic of the micro-ATR imaging approach (minutes or even hours versus seconds), the cost-benefit ratio may not often be favorable for the analysis of analytes in matrices that exhibit only a few overlapping absorptions (low-interfering matrices such as alpha lactose monohydrate) using this technique compared to what can be achieved using macro-ATR. However, the advantage was significant for detecting analytes in more complex matrices (those that exhibited several overlapping absorptions with the analyte) because the detection limit of the macro-ATR approach was highly formulation dependent while that of the micro-ATR imaging technique was not. As a result, the micro-ATR imaging technique is expected to be more valuable than macro-ATR for detecting analytes in high-interfering matrices and in products with unknown ingredients (e.g., illicit tablets, counterfeit tablets, and unknown powders).
A Raman Spectroscopic Study of Cell Response to Clinical Doses of Ionizing Radiation
Authors: Harder Samantha J. , Matthews Quinn , Isabelle Martin , Brolo Alexandre G. , Lum Julian J. , Jirasek Andrew
Published: February 2015

The drive toward personalized radiation therapy (RT) has created significant interest in determining patient-specific tumor and normal tissue responses to radiation. Raman spectroscopy (RS) is a non-invasive and label-free technique that can detect radiation response through assessment of radiation-induced biochemical changes in tumor cells. In the current study, single-cell RS identified specific radiation-induced responses in four human epithelial tumor cell lines: lung (H460), breast (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231), and prostate (LNCaP), following exposure to clinical doses of radiation (2–10 Gy). At low radiation doses (2 Gy), H460 and MCF-7 cell lines showed an increase in glycogen-related spectral features, and the LNCaP cell line showed a membrane phospholipid-related radiation response. In these cell lines, only spectral information from populations receiving 10 Gy or less was required to identify radiation-related features using principal component analysis (PCA). In contrast, the MDA-MB-231 cell line showed a significant increase in protein relative to nucleic acid and lipid spectral features at doses of 6 Gy or higher, and high-dose information (30, 50 Gy) was required for PCA to identify this biological response. The biochemical nature of the radiation-related changes occurring in cells exposed to clinical doses was found to segregate by status of p53 and radiation sensitivity. Furthermore, the utility of RS to identify a biological response in human tumor cells exposed to therapeutic doses of radiation was found to be governed by the extent of the biochemical changes induced by a radiation response and is therefore cell line specific. The results of this study demonstrate the utility and effectiveness of single-cell RS to identify and measure biological responses in tumor cells exposed to standard radiotherapy doses.
In Situ Nondestructive Identification of Natural Dyes in Ancient Textiles by Reflection Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared (FT-MIR) Spectroscopy
Authors: De Luca Eleonora , Bruni Silvia , Sali Diego , Guglielmi Vittoria , Belloni Paolo
Published: February 2015

Silk embroideries and cotton grounds of ancient Caucasian (Kaitag) textiles were analyzed in situ by a portable Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer equipped with a reflection module. Differently colored areas were analyzed for the purpose of identifying the dyes fixed on the fibers. The spectra so obtained were elaborated by calculating the corresponding second derivative, and a library search was then performed using a database including the second derivative spectra of a large range of historical dyes and the corresponding undyed fibers. The results presented here suggest that this technique, combined with the library search method, has a good capability of recognizing natural dyes on both types of ancient textile fibers, in an entirely nondestructive way.
To have and to hold: Masculinity and the clutch bag
Authors: Wild Benjamin L.
Published: February 2015

The recent popularity of the male clutch bag provides an opportunity to explore men’s attitudes to dress and gender. An atypical item of menswear because it is not particularly cost effective or practical, the clutch bag is a sartorial ‘handicap’. Like many items of expensive luggage and sartorial prop that have deprived men of the use of one of their hands, from walking canes to military batons, the patent limitations of the clutch bag express the financial and social confidence of its owner. The clutch bag is a specific example of a more general trend among menswear accessories that highlight a more assertive, even aggressive, masculinity. It seems no coincidence that this attitude should be expressed materially at a time when men’s societal role is being questioned and the top-handle bag, which signifies the socio-economic abilities of women, not least through its association with Margaret Thatcher, is in vogue.
Andean clothing, gender and indigeneity in Colonial Period Latin America
Authors: Beaule Christine
Published: February 2015

The material culture approach taken in this article combines theoretical perspectives on exchange in value and the gendered body politic. This theoretical framework is applied to three elements of costume changes in the early Colonial Period (c. 1532–1825) of the Andean highlands of South America. The impact of Spanish public policies, gender roles and social ideals is examined for the maskaypacha scarlet forehead fringe, the form and decorations on male Inkan unku tunics and decorative motifs on textiles. I argue that changes in indigenous dress are largely confined to males in the early Colonial Period, which mirrors the gendered nature of the Spanish body politic. This material culture reading of indigenous clothing changes provides a useful model for analysing the gendered categories of indigenous political symbols and costumes today as well as in more recent history.
Stepping out in bathers: Displaying masculinities in F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway and Willa Cather
Authors: Heaton Sarah
Published: February 2015

There is a moment in post-World War I literature when the American male steps out semi-clad in bathers. At the shoreline these men in swimwear display new expressions of masculinity combined with the old to expose the flaws in society. In the revealing and concealing of men�s bodies and masculinities there is a residual anxiety despite the confidence with which these men emerge at the water�s edge, and despite the legitimizing sports aesthetic that swimwear affords their �nakedness�. This article explores the depiction of the semi-clad man at the shoreline: The bright young men in bathers in F. Scott Fitzgerald�s Tender is the Night ([1934] 1986), and The Great Gatsby ([1926] 1979), to his Movie mogul who cannot swim in The Last Tycoon ([1941] 1987) are moments of crisis and revelation. For Ernest Hemingway in Fiesta, The Sun also Rises ([1927] 2004) and The Garden of Eden ([1987] 1994) men donning their bathers experience a cleansing and rebirth. Whilst Willa Cather in The Professor�s House ([1925] 1990) unites a sense of display and assuredness of masculinity in the revelation of the male nakedness and swimming. The shoreline emerges as a liminal space that allows masculinities to be performed, displayed, explored and habituated.
Reviews
Authors: Roman Mario J. , Schwartz Jessica , Martynyuk Olenka
Published: February 2015

Bachelors of a Different Sort: Queer Aesthetics, Material Culture and the Modern Interior in Britain, John Potvin (2014) Manchester: Manchester University Press, 306 pp. ISBN: 9780719084997, h/bk, �75.00

The Glamour of Italian Fashion since 1945, Sonnet Stanfill (2014) London: V&A Publishing, 287 pp. ISBN: 9781851777761, h/bk, �30/$48

Yves Saint Laurent, Jalil Lespert (2014) USA: The Weinstein Company
The ‘Critical Mass’ initiative – helping promote an international new understanding in arts in health
Authors: White Mike , Robson Mary
Published: February 2015

The field of arts in health is developing globally. Partly constituting notes from the field, and partly setting out a prospectus for future action and enquiry, this article provides a descriptive account of an initiative called Critical Mass which, through a series of colloquia that began in 2011, is building an international network for collaboration and exchange in the research and practice of community-based arts in health. In describing the process of these meetings we set out the common ground and the practical and theoretical issues that both support and challenge effective arts in health work across different territories, cultures and healthcare systems. We present a case study example of an artist exchange between Northern England and Western Australia. Progress to date suggests that the Critical Mass initiative is focussed on reflective practice in community-based arts in health, and that practical collaborations are characterized by a spirit of co-production with an emphasis on relationship-based working rather than an overarching strategy.
The promise of Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Gallagher Richard
Published: February 2015

Despite gradual progress, treatment of most types of cancer today remains woefully inadequate. New approaches are desperately needed to enhance and replace surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, which are the three current therapeutic major options. Cancer immunotherapy is one area of great promise.

The progression of cancer, from tumor initiation through disease development and on to the success or failure of therapy, is the outcome of a complex interplay between the host immune system and the tumor. This match up is, literally, a matter of life and death. Scientists working on cancer immunotherapy are aiming to generate anti-tumor responses while overcoming tumor strategies to nullify the immune system. Immunotherapy can take the form of peptide vaccination, monoclonal antibody treatment, dendritic cell vaccination, adoptive cell transfer and other strategies.  Much of the work is still in the experimental stage but the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved two cancer immunotherapeutic agents, namely sipuleucel-T (an autologous cell therapy) and ipilimumab (a monoclonal antibody), for the treatment of prostate cancer and melanoma, respectively.

The volume of literature on cancer immunotherapy is enormous. For example, a search for “cancer immunotherapy” using the Open Access filter on PubMedCentral generates a list of almost 15,000 articles, including 2400 published in 2014, 3000 in 2013 and over 1800 in 2012.

This ScienceOpen Collection in Cancer Immunotherapy is intended to help researchers to stay abreast of this fast-moving field. As a first step, we present a selection of 25 notable papers from the thousand or so published in Open Access format over the second half of 2014 and in January 2015.  These were selected to illustrate the breadth and promise of the field, but also the challenges that it faces.  They are excellent articles but I make no claim on whether they are the most significant papers published in the field over the period.

To develop the Collection as a useful resource for everyone with an interest in cancer immunotherapy, we invite interested researchers to participate by adding their viewpoint on these papers; to take an active role in selecting papers for discussion as they are published; and to use this forum to discuss ideas, topics and issues that might shape the direction for cancer immunotherapy.

To become a Collection Editor yourself, please read this information and then apply to Sebastian Alers, Senior Editor.
Performance Testing of Download Services of COSMC
Authors: Horák Jiří , Růžička Jan , Ardielli Jiří
Published: February 2015

The paper presents results of performance tests of download services of Czech Office of Surveying, Mapping and Cadastre according to INSPIRE  requirements. Methodology of testing is explained, including monitoring performance  of reference servers. 26 millions of random requests were generated for each monitored operation, layer and coordinate system. The temporal development of performance indicators are analyzed and discussed. Results of performance tests approve the compliance with INSPIRE qualitative requirements for download services. All monitored services satisfy requirements of latency, capacity and availability. The latency and availability requirements are fulfilled with an abundant reserve. No problems in structure and content of responses were detected.
GvSIG in the academic education of heterogeneous target groups – experiences in lectures, exercises and eLearning
Authors: Dorner Wolfgang , Scheffer Jörg , Zink Roland
Published: February 2015

Thanks to easier operability and a growing range of functions, open source products are increasingly being used in teaching GIS to students of various course programs. The elaboration of such courses poses the challenge of taking into account different study paths, allowing for student autonomy (e-learning), and choosing the right software. The article suggests answers to these questions by presenting the classes offered at the University of Applied Sciences in Deggendorf and the University of Passau since winter 2010/11 as well as ideas for future course offers.
Testing of the accuracy dependency of prismless distance measurement on the beam incidence angle
Authors: Třasák Pavel , Štroner Martin , Smítka Václav , Urban Rudolf
Published: February 2015

The article assesses the precision development of distance measurement using prismless distance meters, both in relation to the changing length of the measured distance and the changing incidence angle of the distance meter’s beam. The article presents the design and performance of an original experiment, the characteristics of instruments used, statistical evaluation of experimental data and formulation of conclusions on the precision rate of distance measurement using prismless instruments.
Data Architecture for Sensor Network
Authors: Ježek Jan
Published: February 2015

Fast development of hardware in recent years leads to the high availability of simple sensing devices at minimal cost. As a consequence, there is many of sensor networks nowadays. These networks can continuously produce a large amount of observed data including the location of measurement. Optimal data architecture for such propose is a challenging issue due to its large scale and spatio-temporal nature.  The aim of this paper is to describe data architecture that was used in a particular solution for storage of sensor data. This solution is based on relation data model – concretely PostgreSQL and PostGIS. We will mention out experience from real world projects focused on car monitoring and project targeted on agriculture sensor networks. We will also shortly demonstrate the possibilities of client side API and the potential of other open source libraries that can be used for cartographic visualization (e.g. GeoServer). The main objective is to describe the strength and weakness of usage of relation database system for such propose and to introduce also alternative approaches based on NoSQL concept.
A GRASS GIS application for vertical sorting of sediments analysis in River Dynamics
Authors: Minelli Annalisa , Parker Gary , Tacconi Paolo , Cencetti Corrado
Published: February 2015

The extreme versatility in different research fields of GRASS GIS is well known. A tool for the vertical sorting of sediments in river dynamics analysis is illustrated in this work. In particular, a GRASS GIS python module has been written which implements a forecasting sorting model by Blom&Parker (2006) to analyze river bed composition’s evolution in depth in terms of grainsize. The module takes a DEM and information relative to the bed load transport composition as input. It works in two different and consecutive phases: the first one uses the GRASS capabilities in analyzing geometrical features of the river bed along a chosen river reach, the second phase is the "numerical" one and implements the forecasting model itself, then executes statistical analyses and draws graphs, by the means of matplotlib library. Moreover, a specific procedure for the import of a laser scanner cloud of points is implemented, in case the raster DEM map is not available. At the moment, the module has been applied using flumes data from Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory (Minneapolis, MN) and some first results have been obtained, but the "testing" phase on other flume’s data is still in progress. Moreover the module has been written for GRASS 65 on a Ubuntu Linux machine, even if the debugging of a GRASS 64, Windowsversion, is also in progress. The final aim of this work is the application of the model on natural rivers, but there are still some drawbacks. First of all the need of a high resolution DEM in input, secondly the number and type of data in input (for example the bed load composition in volume fraction per each size considered) which is not easily obtainable, so the best solution is represented by testing the model on a well instrumented river reach to export in future the forecasting method to un-instrumented reaches.
Possibilities of contactless control of web map applications by sight
Authors: Nétek Rostislav
Published: February 2015

This paper assesses possibilities of a new approach of control map applications on the screen without locomotive system. There is a project about usability of Eye Tracking System in Geoinformatic and Cartographic fields at Department of Geoinformatics at Palacky University. The eye tracking system is a device for measuring eye/gaze positions and eye/gaze movement ("where we are looking"). There is a number of methods and outputs, but the most common are "heat-maps" of intensity and/or time. Just this method was used in the first part, where was analyzed the number of common web map portals, especially distribution of their tools and functions on the screen. The aim of research is to localize by heat-maps the best distribution of control tools for movement with map (function "pan"). It can analyze how sensitive are people on perception of control tools in different web pages and platforms. It is a great experience to compare accurate survey data with personal interpretation and knowledge. Based on these results is the next step – design of "control tools" which is command by eye-tracking device. There has been elected rectangle areas located on the edge of map (AOI – areas of interest), with special function which have defined some time delay. When user localizes one of these areas the map automatically moves to the way on which edge is localized on, and time delay prevents accidental movement. The technology for recording the eye movements on the screen offers this option because if you properly define the layout and function controls of the map, you need only connect these two systems. At this moment, there is a technical constrain. The solution of movement control is based on data transmission between eye-tracking-device-output and converter in real-time. Just real-time transfer is not supported in every case of SMI (SensoMotoric Instruments company) devices. More precisely it is the problem of money, because eye-tracking device and every upgrade is very expensive. This constrains and their solutions are also discussed in paper. Main aim of the project is to design (both economically and technologically), optimal way how to record and convert eye-movement in a program with sophisticated control of movements.
Proposal of a Python interface to OpenMI, as the base for open source hydrological framework
Authors: Szczepanek Robert
Published: February 2015

Hydrologists need simple, yet powerful, open source framework for developing and testing mathematical models. Such framework should ensure long-term interoperability and high scalability. This can be done by implementation of the existing, already tested standards. At the moment two interesting options exist: Open Modelling Interface (OpenMI) and Object Modeling System (OMS). OpenMI was developed within the Fifth European Framework Programme for integrated watershed management, described in the Water Framework Directive. OpenMI interfaces are available for the C# and Java programming languages. OpenMI Association is now in the process of agreement with Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), so the spatial standards existing in OpenMI 2.0 should be better implemented in the future. The OMS project is pure Java, object-oriented modeling framework coordinated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Big advantage of OMS compared to OpenMI is its simplicity of implementation. On the other hand, OpenMI seems to be more powerful and better suited for hydrological models. Finally, OpenMI model was selected as the base interface for the proposed open source hydrological framework.  The existing hydrological libraries and models focus usually on just one GIS package (HydroFOSS – GRASS) or one operating system (HydroDesktop – Microsoft Windows). The new hydrological framework should break those limitations. To make hydrological models’ implementation as easy as possible, the framework should be based on a simple, high-level computer language. Low and mid-level languages, like Java (SEXTANTE) or C (GRASS, SAGA) were excluded, as too complicated for regular hydrologist. From popular, high-level languages, Python seems to be a good choice. Leading GIS desktop applications – GRASS and QGIS – use Python as second native language, providing well documented API. This way, a Python-based hydrological library could be easily integrated with any GIS package supporting this programming language. As the OpenMI 2.0 standard supported interfaces only for Java and C#, the Python interface for OpenMI standard, presented in this paper, is the first step done towards the open and interoperable hydrological framework. GIS-related issues of the OpenMI 2.0 standard are also outlined and discussed.
Klet Observatory – European Contribution to Detecting and Tracking of Near Earth Objects
Authors: Tichý Miloš
Published: February 2015

Near Earth Object (NEO) research is an expanding field of astronomy. Is is important for solar system science and also for protecting human society from asteroid and comet hazard.  A near-Earth object (NEO) can be defined as an asteroid or comet that has a possibility of making an approach to the Earth, or possibly even collide with it. The discovery rate of current NEO surveys reflects progressive improvement in a number of technical areas. An integral part of NEO discovery is astrometric follow-up fundamental for precise orbit computation and for the reasonable judging of future close encounters with the Earth including possible impact solutions. A wide international cooperation is fundamental for NEO research.  The Klet Observatory (South Bohemia, Czech Republic) is aimed especially at the confirmation, early follow-up, long-arc follow-up and recovery of Near Earth Objects. It ranks among the world´s most prolific professional NEO follow-up programmes.  The first NEO follow-up programme started at Klet in 1993 using 0.57-reflector equipped with a small CCD camera. A fundamental upgrade was made in 2002 when the 1.06-m KLENOT telescope was put into regular operation. The KLENOT Telescope is the largest telescope in Europe used exclusively for observations of minor planets (asteroids) and comets and full observing time is dedicated to the KLENOT team.  Equipment, technology, software, observing strategy and results of both the Klet Observatory NEO Project between 1993-2010 and the first phase of the KLENOT Project from March 2002 to September 2008 are presented. They consist of thousands of precise astrometric measurements of Near Earth Objects and also three newly discovered Near Earth Asteroids.  Klet Observatory NEO activities as well as our future plans fully reflect international strategies and cooperation in the field of NEO studies.
Implementing INSPIRE for the Czech
Authors: Poláček Jiří , Souček Petr
Published: February 2015

The article is dedicated to the topic of the implementation of INSPIRE directive within the Information System of the Czech Cadastre of Real Estates. The procedure of implementation of the INSPIRE directive for cadastral related themes, which started in 2008, is followed. Currently running view and download services as well as experience with its operational run are described. Finally an overview of the implementation problems and scheduled follow-up activities are outlined.
Potential influence of e-learning and Open Source solutions for education at Palacký University in Olomouc inspired by Polytechnic University in Valencia
Authors: Nétek Rostislav
Published: February 2015

This paper assesses different approaches in education between Western and Eastern Europe. It is based on a case study, comparing which compares universityies conventions inbetween Spain and Czech Republic, focusinged on e-learning and Open Source softwareources. The Eeducation system at Polytechnic University in Valencia (UPV) puts much more emphasis on open source solutions and elearning compared to the situation in Czech Republic. gvSIG is an open source geographic information system (GIS), co-developed at UPV as ain collaboration of commercial companies with research institutions. Lecturers at UPV significantly integrate free and open source (FOSS) into classes as well as they participate in open source communities like Planet gvSIG, gvSIG Outreach or Association for the promotion of FOSS4G and the development of gvSIG. In fact, a complex system for self-education in the field of GIS has been developed there. It combines positive relationship to open source solutions and takes advantage from all sections together. The “Aula Virtual” project is a virtual training classroom using the virtual educational platform. Great emphasis is put on step-by-step video tutorials.  300 videos are uploaded on PoliTube Channel, which contain both video and audio and “time-stamps-links”. Time-stamp allows the possibility to switch among videos and other sources (annotation, webpages, etc.) dependent on the student’s individual requirements. Compared to the situation in the Czech Republic, where proprietary software is still preferred in the academic sphere, this topic brings place for discussion. This paper discusses two different points of views, benefits of both of them and proposes a solution with regard to the specifics of Czech university education.
A Quick Method for the Texture Mapping of Meshes Acquired by Laser Scanner
Authors: Gabellone Francesco , Ferrari Ivan , Giuri Francesco
Published: February 2015

The methodology described in this article was developed in connection with two different projects and entails texture mapping by time-of-flight laser scanner. In order to verify its operational effectiveness and applicability to other contexts, sites with extremely different morphological characteristics were studied. The basic rationale of this simple method derives from the need to obtain different types of mapping – including RGB real colour images, infra-red images, false colour images from georadar scans, etc. – from the same scanned surface. To resolve this problem, we felt that the most appropriate step was to obtain a UVW mapping based on the high resolution real colour images and then use the samecoordinates to rapidly map the false colour images as well. Thus we fitted a device to the camera to determine its trajectory (similar to a gunsight); when scanned by the laser scanner in the same context as the monument, it makes it possible to know the exact coordinates of the viewpoint.
New GNSS tomography of the atmosphere method – proposal and testing
Authors: Kačmařík Michal , Rapant Lukáš
Published: February 2015

Paper is focused on GNSS meteorology which is generally used for the determination of water vapour distribution in the atmosphere from GNSS measurements. Water vapour in the atmosphere is an important parameter which influences the state and development of the weather. At first, the paper presents basics of the GNSS meteorology and tomography of the atmosphere and subsequently introduces a new GNSS tomography method which doesn't require an extensive network of GNSS receivers, but uses only a few receivers situated in a line. After a theoretical concept describing this method and used mathematical background, the results from a real experiment are shown and discussed. Unfortunately the results indicate that presented method is not able to provide credible outputs. Possibly the main problem lies in an insufficient number of available signals from current global navigation satellite systems (GPS and GLONASS) where the improvement could be expected after the start of Galileo and Compass. Potential ways how to improve the results without increasing the number of satellites are outlined in the last section.
Results of GPS reprocessing campaign (1996-2011) provided by Geodetic observatory Pecný
Authors: Douša Jan , Václavovic Pavel
Published: February 2015

The paper presents the GOP first reprocessing results, which officially contributed to the EPN-repro1 project. It also describes the 15-year GOP cumulative solution providing station coordinates, velocities and their discontinuities over the period of 1996-2011. Repeatabilities estimated from cleaned long-term coordinate time-series reached 1-2 mm and 4-6 mm in horizontal and vertical component, respectively. We then showed the exploitation of GOP reprocessing results in the assessment of the EUREF ITRF2005 densification and the latest ITRS realization, ITRF2008. We identified and confirmed the North-South tilt (≈ 2mas) in the currently available European reference frame based on the EPN cumulative solution updated in GPS week 1600. The study showed a historical development of the tilt and its close relation to a weak velocity datum definition of this realization, which is very important for a long-term datum prediction. Selected EPN station coordinates, velocities and discontinuities of the latest ITRS realization (ITRF2008) were also assessed. Specific problems for some EPN stations were identified in the global reference frame. This emphasized further necessity to check all the stations before their use for datum definition for regional densifications.
»... weil ihre Kultur so ist«
Authors: Shooman Yasemin
Published: February 2015

Sind antimuslimische Diskurse Ausdruck einer aktuellen Form des Rassismus? Anhand von Fallbeispielen - darunter auflagenstarke Buchpublikationen, Zeitungsartikel, Webseiten und Zuschriften an muslimische Verbände - geht Yasemin Shooman den antimuslimischen Narrativen und ihren Funktionen nach. Sie untersucht die artikulierten Selbst- und Fremdbilder ebenso wie die Rolle historischer Bezüge und arbeitet das Repertoire dominanter antimuslimischer Stereotype und Topoi heraus. Die empirische Analyse trägt auch zur Theoriebildung in dem relativ jungen Forschungsfeld bei und zeigt, dass eine Rassifizierung religiöser Zugehörigkeit zu beobachten ist, die auf dem Ineinandergreifen der Kategorien Kultur, Religion, Ethnizität, Geschlecht und Klasse basiert.