bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New additions to Turkish Helotiales and Orbiliales
Authors: KAYA Abdullah , UZUN Yasin , KARACAN İbrahim Halil , YAKAR Semiha
Published: March 2018

Aim of study: Though hundreds of studies were conducted on the
biodiversity of Turkish fungi, the mycobiota has not been determined yet.
Probably thousands of researches are required to determine the overall mycobiota
of Turkey. This study were also carried out upon this purpose and aims to make
a contribution to the mycobiota of Turkey by adding new genera and species
records.Area of study: This study was carried out within the boundaries of
İslahiye, Nurdağı and Şehitkamil districts of Gaziantep province.Material and Methods: The macrofungi samples were collected from
İslahiye, Nurdağı and Şehitkamil districts in the years 2014 and 2015. After
obtaining required field data, they were transferred to the fungarium and
investigated in terms of macroscopy and microscopy. Then they were identified
with the help of relevant literature.Main results: Five
ascomycetous fungi species; Bisporella sulfurina (Quél.) S.E. Carp. (Helotiaceae Rehm), Lachnum fuscescens (Pers.) P. Karst. (Lachnaceae Raitv.), Cyclaneusma niveum (Pers.) DiCosmo,
Peredo & Minter (Marthamycetaceae H.O.
Baral, G. Lantz, Hustad & Minter),
Hyalorbilia inflatula (P. Karst.) Baral & G. Marson and Orbilia aristata (Velen.) Velen. (Orbiliaceae Nannf.), within the orders Helotiales and Orbiliales
were determined. Tracing the current literature the taxa were found to be new
for the mycobiota of Turkey.

Research highlights: Macrofungal biodiversity studies are
necessary to be able to determine the mycobiota of Turkey.
Assessment of metal concentrations and physicochemical parameters in the waters of Lake Tecer
Authors: Mutlu Ekrem , Kutlu Banu , Demir Tuğba , Yanık Telat
Published: March 2018

Aim of the study: The objectives of
this study are to observe the monthly and annual changes in water samples using physical–chemical methods in order to determine the
water quality properties, to reveal pollution problems, to determine the
suitability of water quality for aquatic life and to
classify the quality of water in accordance with the Surface Water Quality
Management Regulation’s Inland Surface Water Classes criteria.Area of the study: Lake Tecer is located in the southeastern area of Sivas city and at
the end of Brook Tecer, a branch of the Kızılırmak. The lake has a mean depth of 2.4 m and is fed by surface waters and snowmelt.Material and methods: The study period was from March 2011 to February 2012. Samples
analysed for several chemical and physical parameters representing water quality were collected monthly over a period of 12 months. Main results: It was observed that the condition of the lake
in terms of water quality is good. According to the Classification of the Intra-Continental
Water Resources in the WPCR, the lake shows Class I, II and III water quality characteristics.

Research highlights: In order to protect the water quality of this water source, to reduce further pollution and to sustain the natural
ecological balance consisting of natural fish stocks and other aquatic animals,
this lake should be monitored continuously.
RNA Imaging with Multiplexed Error Robust Fluorescence in situ Hybridization v1
Authors: R. Moffitt Jeffrey , Zhuang Xiaowei
Published: March 2018

Quantitative measurements of both the copy number and spatial distribution of large fractions of the transcriptome in single-cells could revolutionize our understanding of a variety of cellular and tissue behaviors in both healthy and diseased states. Single-molecule Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (smFISH)—an approach where individual RNAs are labeled with fluorescent probes and imaged in their native cellular and tissue context—provides both the copy number and spatial context of RNAs but has been limited in the number of RNA species that can be measured simultaneously. Here we describe Multiplexed Error Robust Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (MERFISH), a massively parallelized form of smFISH that can image and identify hundreds to thousands of different RNA species simultaneously with high accuracy in individual cells in their native spatial context. We provide detailed protocols on all aspects of MERFISH, including probe design, data collection, and data analysis to allow interested laboratories to perform MERFISH measurements themselves. smFISH is a powerful technique because it allows the quantitative measurement of the exact copy number and spatial distribution of individual mRNAs within single cells in intact tissues. MERFISH extends these powerful abilities to the transcriptome scale by massively multiplexing smFISH measurements by encoding individual RNA species with error-robust barcodes and reading out the barcodes via a series of smFISH measurements. We anticipate this method to be relatively easily adopted by other laboratories and the techniques described in thiscollection should facilitate these efforts as will the supporting protocols and code that can be found at: http://zhuang.harvard.edu/merfish/.
Drop-Seq Laboratory Protocol v1
Authors: Macosko Evan , Goldman Melissa
Published: March 2018

We have continued to optimize this protocol since doing the experiments in the Macosko et al. Cell paper. What we are sharing here is our current, optimized protocol. As a result, this protocol will not precisely match the methods section of the paper, which is a description of the experiments done in the paper. Please feel free to use these optimizations without author consideration - just acknowledge “helpful advice from Evan Macosko, Melissa Goldman and Steve McCarroll”, and please also include the URL and version number of the protocol in your methods section. This protocol also includes hints, suggestions and images that we could not fit into the the methods section of the paper.
Barcoded Plate-Based Single Cell RNA-seq v1
Authors: Lab Satija
Published: March 2018

This protocol presents a simple modification of the SMART-seq2 (Picelle et al, 2014) and SCRB-seq (Soumillon et al, 2014) protocols, with the goal of combining the sensitivity of SMART-Seq2 with the improved cost and throughput of 3' single cell protocols. Reverse transcription (RT) and PCR proceed as in SMART-Seq2, but using 3' barcoded oligos from SCRB-seq. While most barcoded methods (including SCRB-seq) pool cells together after RT, we perform PCR individually in each well, as this negates the need for an additional exonuclease and purification step, and therefore maintains the same molecular sensitivity as SMART-Seq2. However, we pool amplified cDNA from single wells immediately after PCR, and generate a single tagmentation-based 3' cDNA library. While this protocol therefore has advantages in both sensitivity and throughput, the absence of an exonuclease step prior to PCR disables the use of unique molecular identifiers for quantification.
Orthopoxvirus real-time PCR v1
Authors: A Northill Judy , Warrilow David , M Mackay Ian
Published: March 2018

A real-time PCR targeting the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of Orthopoxviruses.
Prescription audit of outpatients in tertiary care government hospital
Authors: U. S. Nuthan Kumar , G. K. Nalini , P. Deepak , M. Prema , Rathod Geeta , N. Mohith
Published: March 2018

Background: Prescription audit is a tool as well as a technique by its application,all professionals will improve the quality of prescribing drugs. Standards of medical treatment can be assessed by prescription audit. It is based on documented evidences to support diagnosis, treatment and justified utilization of hospital facilities. Prescription audit is a quality improvement process that seeks to improve patient care. In this background the present study was conducted. The objectives of the study were to know the frequently prescribed drugs in OPD, number of the drugs used per prescription and to find out the rationality.Methods: Study was conducted at Sri Chamarajendra Hospital, HIMS, Hassan in OPD of General Medicine.1000 prescriptions were collected and noted down the frequently used medication, number of drugs prescribed and their type of formulations for the particular diagnosis.Results: From the study it is noted that 1910 drugs out of 1000 prescriptions were prescribed which is approximately 1.91 drugs per prescription about 55% of the prescriptions contained single drug. Very few received 4-5 drugs (7%). Almost all the drugs in prescriptions were in Generic names. Around 95% of prescriptions doses were mentioned in mg, ml etc. The most commonly prescribed drugs in order are Antibiotics, antidiabetics antihypertensives, bronchodilators, steroids antiemetics and ORS were prescribed.Conclusions: Polypharmacy was not found in our prescriptions which indicates our prescriptions improved the patient conditions. This type of study will ensure to know the ‘P’ drug development and select the essential medicine list for various levels of health care.
A comparative analysis of anxiolytic activity of Arnica montana and alprazolam in rats using open field test
Authors: Jha Puja , Bhalerao Seema , Dhole Mrunal
Published: March 2018

Background: Anxiety affects around 7.3% of the total population worldwide. Benzodiazepines are preferred anxiolytic agents and are still frequently used in spite of the side effect profile including muscle relaxation, memory disturbances, sedation, physical dependence. Arnica montana, a traditional herb is known to possess significant anxiolytic effect at the dose of 100mg/kg. In this study, Arnica montana has been compared for the first time with alprazolam, a most commonly used anxiolytic drug.Methods: Forced swim test was used to induce anxiety. Anxiolytic action of study drugs which were given orally, was evaluated using Open field test (OFT) in healthy wistar rats of either sex. Behavior of rats, locomotion and number of squares crossed was recorded. Rats were divided into four groups with eight rats in each group. Study groups were Group I Control; Group II Alprazolam 0.08mg/kg; Group III Arnica montana extract (AME) 100mg/kg; Group IV AME + Alprazolam group 100mg/kg+0.08mg/kg. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test (p<0.05).Results: Increase in frequency of rearing was significant (p<0.05) in AME group and highly significant (p<0.001) in Alprazolam and combination group in comparison to control. Decrease in frequency of grooming was highly significant (p<0.001) in Alprazolam and combination group. AME also showed significant (p<0.05) decrease in grooming activity.Conclusions: Arnica montana extract showed anxiolytic activity and can be used as an add on drug after further studies and validation in the treatment of anxiety disorders.
Monitoring, evaluation and comparison of adverse effect profile of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis patients attending pulmonology department of tertiary care teaching hospital: a prospective observational study
Authors: K. Sankar , Reddy V. S. G. S. Rajesh
Published: March 2018

Background: In 2016, FDA recommended that “serious side effects associated with flouroquinolones generally outweigh the benefits for the patients with acute sinusitis, acute bronchitis and uncomplicated UTI”. Throughout India the most commonly used flouroquinolones for above conditions are Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, and Levofloxacin. In this scenario, the present study was undertaken to monitor, evaluate and compare the adverse effect profile of Ciprofloxacin and Ofloxacin in acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis patients.Methods: Prospective, observational study done in 200 patients of tertiary care teaching hospital. The patients diagnosed with, acute bronchitis treated with Ciprofloxacin 500mg BD or Ofloxacin 400mg BD for 7 days were included in the study. The study duration was 6 months. ADR causality assessment was done with Naranjo algorithm. Statistical test applied was chi- square test.Results: 63 ADR were reported in Ofloxacin group and 19 ADR in Ciprofloxacin group. Insomnia was most frequent ADR (40%) in patients treated with Ofloxacin. There is high incidence of ADRs in ofloxacin group. chi square test showed this difference is statistically significant (p<0.05). Insomnia was significantly higher in ofloxacin group (p<0.05).Conclusions: In India frequently used and misused antimicrobials are fluoroquinolones. The present study concluded that no serious ADRs but ofloxacin group of patients have shown increased incidence of ADRs associated with CNS especially Insomnia. However, further large scale, multi-centric studies are needed to confirm these results.
Evaluation of vitamins/tonics prescribing pattern in tertiary care teaching hospital and private sector
Authors: Bhardwaj V. K. , Budania Navin , Kumar Naveen , Mondal Arka , Lata Suman , Sharma Monika , Kumar Ritesh
Published: March 2018

Background: Rational use of drugs had been great concern by the government as well as public during the past several years. Monitoring of prescriptions studies could identify the associated problems and provide feedback to the prescribers, so as to create awareness about the irrational use of drugs. This study was conducted to evaluate the prescribing pattern of Vitamins/Tonics in government sector and private sector.Methods: This prospective study was designed to obtain statistical data on the prescribing pattern of Vitamins/tonics in patients of S.V.B.P. Hospital Meerut and other associated hospital/ clinics. The total study sample size was of 614 prescriptions. Out of these 439 prescriptions were from government sector, 175 prescriptions from private sectors.Results: Percentages of prescription with Vitamins/ Tonics were 35.76 and 48.57 in government and private sectors respectively and these differences are statistically significant. Percentage of drug prescribed as Vitamins/ Tonics of the total drugs was 8.68 and 10.19, in government and private sector respectively and these differences are statistically not significant. Vitamins/ Tonics were the most frequently prescribed drugs 16.52% and 17.14% in obs./ Gynae in both the sectors respectively, and least number of Vitamins/ Tonics 1.06% and 3.2% were prescribed in cardiology in both the sectors.Conclusions: The study indicates a big scope for enhancing the prescribing pattern of Vitamins/Tonics and minimizing the use of irrational Vitamins/Tonics, due to the fact most of the times it’s not needed, and it only put financial burden on Patients.
Prescribing pattern of anti diabetic drugs in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus with co-existing hypertension in a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Sharma Jay Kumar , Parmar Shailesh P.
Published: March 2018

Background: Diabetes mellitus and hypertension frequently co-exist in a patient. In such patients, the risk of complications, morbidity and mortality increases. One should be careful in management and choosing drugs. Authors undertook this study to understand the prescribing pattern of the physicians in diabetic hypertensive patients.Methods: This cross sectional, observational study was conducted in type 2 diabetic outdoor patients with co-existing hypertension, for duration of one year. We used descriptive statistics to analyze data of 615 patients to determine prescribing pattern of drugs.Results: 93.17% of patients were more than 40 years of age. Ratio of female to male patients was 1.30. Mean duration of diabetes was 5.81 years. Multi drug anti diabetic regimes (54.47%) were common than monotherapy (43.90%). Commonly prescribed anti diabetic drug groups were biguanides (89.27%), Sulfonylureas (43.90%) and insulin (15.28%). Metformin (89.27%), glibenclamide (29.11%) and insulin (15.28%) were commonly prescribed anti diabetic drugs. Metformin was the most common monotherapy drug and biguanide + sulfonylurea was the most common two drug combination. Commonly prescribed drugs for co-morbid conditions were enalapril (83.41%), aspirin (30.41%), amlodipine (29.76%) atorvastatin (27.32%) and famotidine (26.34%). Average number of drugs prescribed in a prescription was 4.65. Prescriptions with injections were 15.93% and with brand names were 13.15%.Conclusions: Prescribing pattern of drugs was as per current practices and recommendations of guidelines. Still, there is room for improvement in choice of drug, prescribing drug with generic name and choosing drug from essential medicine list.
Antidepressant activity of aqueous extract of Momordica charantia leaves
Authors: Haseeb M. Abdul , Ahmad Farida , Kumar Anil
Published: March 2018

Background: Depression is a common debilitating illness contributing to increase in morbidity and mortality worldwide. 20% of all depressed patients are refractory to treatment with available antidepressants at adequate doses. Momordica charantia commonly known as Karela is widely used in Indian cuisine. This study was carried out to evaluate its lesser known Antidepressant activity. The objective of this study is to evaluate the Antidepressant activity of Aqueous extract of Momordica charantia leaves.Methods: This study was done in Department of Pharmacology, JNMC, AMU. Tail Suspension test and 5-Hydroxytrytophan induced Head Potentiation was evaluated in Swiss Albino mice. Forced swim test, Learned Helplessness test and Spontaneous motor activity was noted in Albino Wistar rats respectively at doses of AEMC (Aqueous extract of Momordica charantia leaves) 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 300mg/kg.Results: AEMC at all three doses 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 300mg/kg exhibited antidepressant activity by significantly decreasing the immobility time in Tail Suspension test and except 100mg/kg. In forced swim test psychostimulant activity of AEMC was ruled out in Spontaneous motor activity. Number of Escape failures was decreased in Learned Helplessness test at doses of AEMC 200mg/kg and 300 mg/kg. Increase in Head twitches was seen only with AEMC 300mg/kg in 5-Hydroxytrytophan induced Head Potentiation in mice.Conclusions: Aqueous Extract of Momordica Charantia leaves exhibits Antidepressant activity in animal models of Depression.
Clinical significance of the buccal fat pad: how to determine the correct surgical indications based on preoperative analysis
Authors: Mauro Tarallo , Fallico Nefer , Francesca Maccioni , Davide Bencardino , Cristiano Monarca , Diego Ribuffo , Taranto Giuseppe Di
Published: March 2018

Background: Despite the multitude of clinical and aesthetic uses, the correct surgical indications for buccal fat pad (BFP) removal have yet to be fully elucidated. Although the procedure is widely performed and promoted for aesthetic purpose, literature lacks of studies accounting for a proper evaluation of patients undergoing BFP removal.Methods: Between 2012 and 2016 patients seeking an improvement of the malar contour by reduction of the submalar prominence have been visited at the Department of Plastic Surgery of the Institution. A preoperative MRI was requested in order to correctly identify the volume of the BFP and the presence of a masseter muscle (MM) hypertrophy.Results: According to clinical examination and the results of the preoperative imaging, patients were offered different treatment options: patients with BFP hypertrophy underwent BFP removal through an itraoral approach; patients with MM hypertrophy received injection of 50 UI of botulinum toxin (BTX). No complications were observed in the postoperative period and all patients were satisfied with the results.Conclusions: According to the experience, midface contouring procedures should take account of both surgeons’ experience, patients’ expectations and anatomical evaluation. As such, there is no given approach suitable for all cases. Suggested visual criteria, clinical examination and imaging analysis are useful in establishing patient’s condition and determining the appropriate methods of treatment to enhance the facial profile.
A comparative study of postoperative chronic pain after tension free inguinal hernia repair using absorbable versus non absorbable sutures for mesh fixation
Authors: Meena Laxmi Narayan , Bansal Somendra , Verma Pradeep , Rai Rohit
Published: March 2018

Background: Inguinal hernia is a one of common diagnosis which is frequently encountered in routine clinical practice. The Lichtenstein technique (tension free mesh repair) is currently the gold standard in open inguinal hernia repair. Currently chronic groin pain (Inguinodynia) is one of the common complications after hernia repair and it may affect quality of life and it has been reported in 16% to 62% of the patients.Methods: This prospective, randomized study was conducted in the department of general surgery in S.M.S. Medical College and attached group of hospitals, Jaipur from May 2014 to December 2015. All patients of 18-80 years old, who were admitted for elective inguinal hernia repair, were included for the study. Patients with bilateral, recurrent, irreducible or incarcerated hernia, pregnant patients and patients with co morbid conditions, were excluded from the study.Results: Mean age was 46.5 years in absorbable group and 45.4 years in non absorbable group. Male to female ratio was 142:13 in absorbable group and 143:12 in non absorbable group. Post operative pain was measured by VAS score. Mean postoperative pain (VAS score) was lower in absorbable sutures group as compared to non absorbable group at 3 months (0.92±0.879 vs. 1.23±1.2; p=0.013) and at 6 months (0.48±0.57 vs. 0.77±0.65; p≤0.001), which was significant.Conclusions: Patients with absorbable suture for mesh fixation has less groin pain as compared to non-absorbable suture in hernia repair during 6 months follow up period.
Risk factors of amputation in diabetic foot infections
Authors: Sadriwala Quraysh Shabbir , Gedam Bapuji S. , Akhtar Murtaza A.
Published: March 2018

Background: Diabetes is the most common underlying cause of foot ulcers, infection, and ischemia, leading to hospitalization and the most frequent cause of non-traumatic lower extremity amputation. Despite well-defined risk factors for diabetic foot ulcer development, limited data are available as to which factors predict amputation in a diabetic foot ulcer episode. Therefore, to predict lower limb amputation occurrence and to determine the factors associated with the risk of amputation in diabetic patients, we conducted this study.Methods: A hospital based longitudinal study was carried out to assess the risk factors associated with amputation in diabetic foot infection. Patients with foot infections, who were either a diagnosed case of diabetes mellitus or were diagnosed at the institute were included in the study. We excluded patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy or radiotherapy, and infections at or above the ankle joint. Study factors were demographic details, biochemical parameters, Wagner grading, peripheral neuropathy as evaluated by nerve conduction test and vasculopathy as assessed by Ankle brachial index. The primary outcome factor was amputation. The data was presented as descriptive statistics and analyzed by dividing the patients into amputation and non-amputation group, and univariate and multivariate analysis was done.Results: A total of 64 patients were included in the study, out of which the amputation rate was 39.1%. Poor glycemic control, osteomyelitis, vasculopathy, peripheral neuropathy and Wagner grading were statistically significant.Conclusions: In the present study, poor glycemic control, vasculopathy, peripheral neuropathy and higher Wagner grade are significant risk factors for amputation in diabetic foot infections.
Case series: long term experience with different types of hypospadias and its correction by single stage procedure
Authors: Kumar Amarendra , Narayan Chandramohan , Faiz Nameer
Published: March 2018

Background: Hypospadias is a relatively common congenital defect of the male external genitalia. It is present in approximately 1 in 250 male newborns. Hypospadias, in boys, is defined as an association of three anomalies of the penis: an abnormal ventral opening of the urethral meatus that may be located anywhere from the ventral aspect of the glans penis to the perineum, an abnormal ventral curvature of the penis (chordee), and an abnormal distribution of foreskin with a “hood” present dorsally and deficient foreskin ventrally.Methods: In this study author operated 250 cases of Hypospadias of different types in different age groups during (1992-2017) using MAGPI for glandular, TIP and Flip-flap procedure for distal penile and Ducket Onlay Flap technique for Proximal penile, penoscrotal and perineal Hypospadias. Complicated / Failed Hypospadias was repaired by Trap door technique or Byer’s double tube technique.Results: After the primary repair of Hypospadias fistula was found in 4.5% of patients. Post-operative haemorrhage was seen in 3.2% of patients. Flap Necrosis was found in 8% of patients after Mathieu’s Flip- Flap technique. The success rate of Complicated Hypospadias was quite satisfactory and Meatal Stenosis was seen in 10% of the cases. Over All study has shown superior cosmetic results and one stage repair is cost effective, satisfactory and less psychologically affecting the parents and the patients.Conclusions: MAGPI and its different modifications in the repair for Glandular and Flip-flap or TIP for distal penile in cases of mild or no chordee. Proximal Penile has sufficient Chordee and can be corrected by dorsal plication and urethroplasty by Ducket’s Onlay flap technique. The cost-effectiveness due to single stage repair and its cosmetic results and there least complications prove the efficacy of this protocol. Single stage repair is also beneficial for developing countries like India where the follow-up compliance in the rural patients is extremely poor.
Polygeline in patients with hypovolemia caused by accidental trauma: a prospective, multicentric, safety study
Authors: Shah Sanjay , Singh Ajai , Kala Sanjay , Shetty Rohita
Published: March 2018

Background: Objective of present study was to evaluate the safety of polygeline (Haemaccel®) and its effect on vital sign parameters in patients with hypovolemia caused by accidental trauma.Methods: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of polygeline within 6 hours after administration, and the effect of polygeline infusion on vital sign parameters, in trauma patients hospitalized at the emergency department, were evaluated in this prospective, multicentric, post-marketing observational study.Results: One hundred forty patients (men: 81.4%; women: 18.6%), with a mean (±standard deviation) age of 33.7±10.6 years, were enrolled. At the time of admission, mean blood volume loss was 1400.1±558.8ml, with 86.4% patients reporting blood volume loss of >15%; 49.3% patients presented with class-II hypovolemia. No ADRs or any unusual clinically significant changes were reported within 6 hours of polygeline administration. All vital parameters (blood pressure and pulse rate) significantly improved at 1 hour of polygeline administration; this trend was sustained until 6 hours (p<0.001). Reduction in respiratory rate was significant at 1 and 6 hours versus baseline (p<0.001). Urine output and central venous oxygen saturation also showed significant improvement at 1 and 6 hours after treatment initiation (p<0.001). Arterial pH and mean blood lactate levels also showed a significant change from the baseline (p<0.05) at both 1 and 6 hours.Conclusions: Polygeline was found to be safe and effective in improving hemodynamic stability in patients with hypovolemia due to accidental trauma.
From gold standard to platinum standard in BPH surgery: a perspective from a tertiary care center of the Indian subcontinent
Authors: T. P. Rajeev , Singh Yashasvi , Barua Sasanka Kumar , Sarma Debanga , Kashyap Manash Pratim
Published: March 2018

Background: For last eight decades, transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) has remained the mainstay of surgical treatment for BPH, due to the procedure’s excellent, well-documented and long- lasting treatment efficacy. Patients with clinically bothersome LUTS suggestive of BPH not relieved with medical treatment benefit from transurethral resection/vaporization of prostate using various energy sources. Monopolar TURP has been the main form of treatment for many years in men with BPH and remains the gold standard against which other treatments are evaluated. The aim of this article is to review the role of m-TURP in contemporary BPH management.Methods: This retrospective study included 275 patients with bothersome LUTS and histologically confirmed BPH, who underwent m-TURP at Deprtment of Urology and Renal Transplantation between July 2010 and July 2015 and were in follow up for at least 24 months in the Urology OPD. The most frequent indication (50-60%) for TURP is LUTS refractory to medical therapy.Results: A total of 274 patients were divided into 3 groups based on prostate volume of less than 40 gram (Group A), 40 to 80 grams (Group B) and more than 80gm (Group C). Statistically, deranged EFG was significantly associated and correlated with Group B). The mean preoperative hemoglobin level for the entire patient population was 13.14±1.26 whereas the post-operative hemoglobin level was 12.22±1.39gm/dl. Similarly, the mean preoperative sodium level for the entire patient population was 137±4.26 whereas the post-operative level was 130±5.04mEq/L.Conclusions: M-TURP is adequate for its intended use as an effective learning tool and as a substantial practical tool for managing BPH; m-TURP results depend on surgeons’ experience, the patient’s prostate volume- and comorbidities.
Retrospective study of inguinal hernia repair without drainage
Authors: Jadav Jayeshkumar S. , Kotwal Shubham R.
Published: March 2018

Background: A common method for treatment of inguinal hernia is surgical repair using prosthesis. Aim of this study is to evaluate that whether there is need for post-operative drainage of hernia wound or not and various complications of putting drain into hernia wound.Methods: A case study of 50 patients with predominant complain of inguinal swelling fulfilling the required selection criteria which were admitted in Guru Govind Singh Hospital, M P Shah Medical College, Jamnagar, during period of 2014 to 2016 are studied retrospectively. Drain were not put in any of the patient and findings were recorded.Results: It is found that most of patient recover well, only 8%of patients had wound infection and 2 patients having seroma.Conclusions: It reflects that there is no need to put drain routinely in inguinal hernia surgery.
Incidence of brain parenchymal abnormality in a group of HIV positive patients admitted in tertiary care hospital: a prospective descriptive study
Authors: Nath S. K. , Sudumbrekar S. M. , Arora Sumeet , Rai S. K.
Published: March 2018

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to examine the impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on the central nervous system (CNS) since the beginning of the disease. The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence of brain parenchymal abnormality in a group of HIV positive patients and to detect and study the profile of MRI patterns of brain lesions in HIV positive patients.Methods: In our study, total of 28 patients have been evaluated enrolled between 01 December 2013 to 30 December 2014.Results: During the study period 35 patients on immune-surveillance were screened for brain lesions of which 28 patients met the inclusion criteria and were included in study. The male-female ratio has been found to be 4.6:1 with the mean age of 43 (18-77). Majority of patients presented with headache as main clinical symptom. Out of which 20% normal, 13.3% NSWM, 13.3% atrophy, hematoma 6.6%, infarct 6.6%, toxoplasmosis 13.3%, PML 13.3%, NCC 6.6% and CMV encephalitis 6.6%. Altered mental status and neurological deficit 27.6% and 20.7%, respectively, were two other symptoms following headache. MR imaging detected neuroparenchymal abnormality in 20 (71.4%), out of 28 HIV positive patients. There was no neuroparenchymal abnormality seen in the rest of the 08 patientsConclusions: MR imaging detected neuroparenchymal abnormality in 20 (71.4%), out of 28 HIV positive patients. Based on our study we can conclude that the MRI of brain is the primary modality to detect the brain lesion in HIV positive patient even if he is asymptomatic clinically.
Unmet need for family planning among women in rural Egypt
Authors: El-Masry Ragaa , Essam Noha , Ghoneim Magda
Published: March 2018

Background: Although Egypt has a strong family planning program; the downward trend in the unmet need has been reversed recently. Thus the present study aimed to assess the magnitude of unmet need for family planning, its common reasons and the associated factors among women of reproductive age group.Methods: this is a community-based cross sectional household survey study conducted in Awish El-Hagar village, Mansoura, Egypt during the year 2015-2016. Using an interviewer questionnaire; 394 rural women in childbearing period were surveyed via a systematic random sampling technique with the help of the outreach community health workers affiliated to Awish El-Hagar family medicine center.Results: The overall prevalence rates of unmet need for family planning and contraceptive use were 11.2% and 69.5% respectively, while the total demand for family planning was 80.7%. Infrequent sex (27.3%), fear from the side effects (25%) and husband opposition (15.9%) were the most frequent reasons for non-use of family planning methods among unmet need women. Logistic regressions explored that risk factors for unmet need women were having husband disapproved family planning, having only girls, perception that having >3 children to be ideal, working, having husband with the main family planning decision maker, with no past history of unintended pregnancy and having only boys.Conclusions: A considerable proportion of Egyptian women still have an unmet need for family planning that need to be addressed by more effective family planning and health education programs together with improving counseling strategies and enforcing the role of outreach workers.
Prevalence of asthmatic respiratory complications among the rural community of Tangail area in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md. Imam , Parvez Masum , Zohora Fatama Tous , Islam Md. Shariful , Bari Luthfunnesa
Published: March 2018

Background: Asthmatic respiratory complications appear to be a notable public health consequence and associated with mortality, morbidity and economic burden worldwide. Globally several epidemiological studies have been conducted to assess the prevalence of asthmatic respiratory complications. As far our knowledge very few population based study have been conducted in Bangladesh to assess the magnitude of asthmatic respiratory complications focusing the rural community. Therefore the study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of asthma and related respiratory complications in the rural community of Tangail area in Bangladesh.Methods: This human population based cross-sectional survey study was conducted during the period of August to December 2016 on some villagers of Tangail area in Bangladesh using a pre-standardized questionnaires called "IUATLD -1984 bronchial symptoms questionnaires", designed by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (IUATLD). The demographic data of the study subjects were collected by interviewing the subjects and the data were analyzed using SPSS software.Results: The results demonstrated that a substantial proportion of study subjects showed the main characteristic symptoms of asthma i.e., wheeze last 12 months is about 18.27%, shortness of breath (SOB) without strenuous work were 21.84%, nocturnal SOB 14.70%, morning cough 13.26%, nocturnal cough 17.25% and morning phlegm 10.37%. Overall 9.69% of the subjects were found to be asthmatic. Female study subjects showed more asthmatic complications than male subjects and in the higher aged group asthmatic symptoms were more prevalent.Conclusions: Among the study subjects, asthmatic complications were found to be substantial. Further clinical study is necessary to confirm the findings.
Nutritional status determined by anthropometric measurement among rural school children aged between (6-18 years) using WHO Z-score in our field practice area
Authors: M. N. Damayanthi , P. Seema
Published: March 2018

Background: In India, children under 15 years of age constitute about 40% of the population. Nutrition among this age group is of vital importance as ill health leads to imbalance both in physical and mental growth. Hence this study was taken up to assess the nutritional status of school going children.Methods: Study design: cross-sectional study. Study period: one year. Sample technique: purposive sampling. Data collection: by interview method. Anthropometric measurements were recorded. New WHO growth chart standards were considered in assessing stunting, underweight, thinness and obesity among these children. Data analysis: SPSS software version 19.Results: A total of 932 children from 7 government schools were enrolled. 324 children were in the age group of 6-10 years. Among them 156 (48.14%) were underweight for their age and gender. In these 156, 89 (57%) were boys of whom 60% of them were 10 years of age. 67 (52.4%) were girls, among whom we found 27 (62.2%) were 10 years. There were 594 children who were stunted for their age. 274 (46.12%) were boys and 320 (53.87%) girls. Thinness was observed, which around 44.6% was, 175 children were severely thin for their age and gender. Overweight was 6.76% and 10 children were obese for their age and gender.Conclusions: Malnutrition among children is a major public health problem in India. Stunting was seen in 274 boys and 320 girls, among them 148 (54%) and 184 (57.5%) girls were in the age of 11-15 years. Thinness was seen in 416 (44.6%) of children, among them 175 (18.8%) were severely thin for their age and gender. The present study will be useful for the policy makers to formulate various strategies and health care programmes of the population concern to combat the issue.
Assessment of occupational stress among farmers in Aurangabad district, Maharashtra
Authors: Kureshi Javed Shabbir , Somsundaram K. V.
Published: March 2018

Background: Since many years Indian farming community, especially farmers from drought prone areas have been under constant occupational stress. This research study was conducted in Aurangabad district of Maharashtra, which has witnessed a sizeable number of farmer’s deaths in recent years, to find out which component of stress was contributing more and affecting the lives of the farmers.Methods: A community based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted during 2016 in two most affected blocks of Aurangabad where the highest incidence of farmer suicide attempt cases occurred. A stratified random sample of 120 farmers from three strata viz. small, medium and large, from six most affected villages of two Blocks were interviewed with a standard, duly modified, pre-tested farm stress inventory questionnaire which includes questions on various stress related factors such as financial stress, farming hassles, weather stress, work overload and other people as stressor.Results: The results of study revealed that while farming occupation encompasses all types of stresses to farmers, the study area farmers were experiencing unpredictable weather and financial problems as major stress factors. The study also revealed that the differences of stress levels on various factors were statistically significant when compared to size of landholding of the farmers - small farmers were most susceptible.Conclusions: The present study concluded that weather and financial stresses were the most significant as compared to other components of stress for farmers. Weather fluctuations and unpredictability leads to significant effects on the production of crop and which is directly related to the annual income of the farmers, hence policy makers, agricultural scientists, marketing and financial experts create a suitable environment for farmers to overcome these stressors.
Biomedical waste management awareness in public and private hospitals in a district of North India
Authors: Rajpal Shweta , Garg Sunil Kumar , Bano Tanveer , Singh Ganesh
Published: March 2018

Background: For proper disposal of bio-medical waste, introduction of laws only is not sufficient enough but the development of healthcare system that creates awareness and promote effective enforcement of existing BMW management guidelines among all healthcare personnel assumes primary importance. This study was planned to assess the biomedical waste management awareness among paramedical and auxiliary personnel in public and private hospitals in Meerut city.Methods: A cross sectional observational study was carried out in 384 paramedical and sanitary staff of three government and three private hospitals of Meerut from November 2015 to October 2016. Information was collected on predesigned and pretested semi structured questionnaire. Scoring was done on the basis of response to each of the question awarding 1 mark to correct response and zero mark to wrong response. Score obtained between 0-5, 6-10 and 11-15 were labelled as poor, average and good knowledge respectively.Results: In the present study 68.7% (264) of studied paramedical and auxiliary staff was untrained in both public and private hospitals. However, the higher percentage of untrained staff was observed in public hospitals as compared to private hospitals for any category of staff. In public hospitals 28.1% nurses, 25.0% technicians, 15.0% ward boys/aaya, 29.7% sweepers had gone through training for Bio medical waste disposal as compared to 37.5%, 41.7%, 30.0% and 39.1% respectively in private hospitals.Conclusions: The overall awareness was found maximum among nurses as compared to technicians, ward boys/aaya and sweepers. On comparing the percentage of correct responses and scoring in public and private hospital workers, the paramedical and auxiliary staff of private hospitals had higher percentage of correct responses for most of questions. Intensive training programme at regular time interval should be done repeatedly to train and retrain all the staff, which may include question raising and problem solving approach.
Animal bite cases in western Maharashtra, India: a retrospective study 2010-2015
Authors: Vishwanath G. R. , Rajderkar S. S. , Sangrulkar T. V. , Sharma S. K. , Gajbhiye R. I.
Published: March 2018

Background: India has one of the highest numbers of cases of rabies in world. Animal bites in humans are an important public health problem. Dog bites in humans are a complex problem embracing public health and animal welfare, both in developed and developing nations.Methods: Cross-sectional record based study carried out in anti rabies clinic of Government Medical College, Miraj (1 November – 31 December, 2016).Results: Majority of victims were males and age of patient was 15-65 years, major site of bite was lower limb (58.6%). Numbers of cases were of category III bite (81.3%) and (16.4%) were of category II bite, (2.3%) cases were of category I.Conclusions: The persistence of dog bites as public health problem in Miraj and data entered into the case records of the patients was complete.
Anthropometric profile of children attending anganwadi centers under integrated child development services scheme
Authors: Panda Prateek Kumar , Panda Kalpana , Panda Pramod Kumar , Nagaraj Niranjan
Published: March 2018

Background: The first six years of a child’s life are most crucial as the foundations for cognitive, social, emotional, physical, motor and psychological development are laid at this stage. The present study was conducted to assess the nutritional status of children availing the services under Integrated Child Development Service Scheme.Methods: The study was done with house to house survey with the help of a prepared scheduled proforma by personal interview and taking necessary anthropometric measurements and clinical examination. In the present study the following age independent criteria's are taken into account for the assessment of the nutritional status of the (3-5 years) age group of children in both the I.C.D.S and non I.C.D.S area separately: Mid upper arm circumference; Kanwati’s index; Rao’s index; Bangle screening method.Results: The association of nutritional status and MUAC measurement is statistically significant (p<0.05). The association of nutritional status and Kanawati ratios is statistically significant (p<0.05). The association of the nutritional status and Rao’s index is statistically significant (p<0.05). The number of children in I.C.D.S area with passing of the bangle above the elbow are only 28 and in non – I.C.D.S area, it is 42. In I.C.D.S area the immunisation status is better.Conclusions: I.C.D.S scheme is encouraging and there is no doubt regarding the positive achievements and prospective of I.C.D.S. Still there is much to be done to improve its performance by giving much emphasis on the supplementary nutrition, to the beneficiaries.
Prevalence and predictors of intention to quit tobacco smoking in smokers of rural area of North India (Haryana)
Authors: Khan Zahid A. , Goel Ridhima , Mukherjee Anup K. , Khan Tazeen
Published: March 2018

Background: Intention to quit is a strong predictor of quitting tobacco smoking. Knowledge about factors determining intention to quit smoking is essential for the development of smoking cessation strategies. The objective of this study was to determine the predictors of tobacco smoking cessation among smokers of a rural area of Haryana.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 945 current tobacco smokers of a rural area of district Ambala of Haryana, India through an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The survey included questions pertaining to socio-demographic factors, smoking history, smoking practices, knowledge about smoking-related damage, perceived health status and intention to quit. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of intention to quit smoking among the study participants.Results: The intention to quit smoking was present in 52.4% smokers out of whom 41.4% had attempted to quit smoking during the past 1 year. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed educational status, the presence of trigger feelings (stress/frustration/loneliness) for smoking, more money spent on smoking, the presence of any health problem, health professional advice received and awareness of harmful effects of smoking as predictors of intention to quit smoking.Conclusions:The prevalence of intention to quit smoking among study participants is high but lower in comparison to developed countries. The predictors of quitting intention in the current study should be considered during designing of tobacco control programs and policies.
O exercício da preceptoria na formação do terapeuta ocupacional
Authors: Onório Júlia Letícia da Silva , Bezerra Waldez Cavalcante , Santos Emanuele Mariano de Souza , Silva Elaine Do Nascimento
Published: March 2018

Considerando que o preceptor de estágio tem importante papel na formação profissional, este estudo tem como objetivo analisar o exercício da preceptoria na formação do terapeuta ocupacional em uma universidade pública do Nordeste. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo de campo com abordagem qualitativa, cuja produção de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com nove profissionais.Os dados foram analisados com a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo, o que permitiu identificar três categorias temáticas: Formação pedagógica para o exercício da preceptoria; Papel do preceptor de estágio; A preceptoria e o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Observou-se que a preceptoria é realizada com base na experiência prática dos profissionais, sem nenhuma capacitação prévia. Mesmo assim, atribuíram a seus papéis a função de orientar, mediar e facilitar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem; para isso, costumam adotar uma postura que conceda liberdade de intervenção aos estagiários, sem deixar de lado os momentos de discussão desta atuação. Conclui-se que, apesar de o exercício da preceptoria ter sido bem destacado, é preciso que estes profissionais reflitam sobre a importância de sua atuação e fomentem nas instituições a necessidade de qualificação para o exercício da preceptoria.