bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of polysiloxane foam with a pendent phenyl group for improved thermal insulation capacity and thermal stability
Authors: Xu Tianlu , Zhang Jinrui , Qu Lijie , Dai Xueyan , Li Peihong , Sui Yanlong , Zhang Chunling
Published: March 2019

This work reports on polysiloxane foam with a pendent phenyl group, which exhibits improved thermal insulation capacity and thermal stability.
A facile strategy for the synthesis of three-dimensional heterostructure self-assembled MoSe2 nanosheets and their application as an anode for high-energy lithium-ion hybrid capacitors
Authors: Zhang Hu-Jun , Wang Yun-Kai , Kong Ling-Bin
Published: March 2019

A full-cell lithium-ion hybrid capacitor is assembled based on an MoSe2 anode and an activated carbon cathode.
Metal–organic framework derived 3D graphene decorated NaTi2(PO4)3 for fast Na-ion storage
Authors: Wang Lei , Huang Zhennan , Wang Bo , Luo Hao , Cheng Meng , Yuan Yifei , He Kun , Foroozan Tara , Deivanayagam Ramasubramonian , Liu Guijing , Wang Dianlong , Shahbazian-Yassar Reza
Published: March 2019

Titanium-based metal–organic frameworks have been used as an in situ etching template for the self-assembly of graphene oxide to construct NaTi2(PO4)3-rGO composite.
Real time optical observation and control of atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenide synthesis
Authors: Rasouli Hamid Reza , Mehmood Naveed , Çakıroğlu Onur , Kasırga T. Serkan
Published: March 2019

A custom-made chemical vapour deposition chamber is used to observe and control the synthesis of nanoscale materials in real time.
Fabrication of Ag–Pd concave nanocrystals through facet-selective oxidation of Ag atoms
Authors: Luo Zheyu , Ahn Jaewan , Qin Dong
Published: March 2019

We report the fabrication of Ag–Pd concave nanocrystals by introducing the Pd(ii) precursor into an aqueous suspension of Ag nanocubes in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) under ambient conditions.
Synthesis of amorphous lowTgpolyesters with multiple COOH side groups and their utilization for elastomeric vitrimers based on post-polymerization cross-linking
Authors: Hayashi Mikihiro , Yano Ryoto , Takasu Akinori
Published: March 2019

Elastomeric vitrimer materials with tunable cross-link densities are prepared using cross-linking precursor polyesters with multiple COOH side groups in the presence of diepoxy cross-linkers and trans-esterification catalysts.
Silver-catalyzed cascade radical cyclization of 2-(allyloxy)arylaldehydes with cyclopropanols: access to chroman-4-one derivatives
Authors: Sheng Jie , Liu Jidan , Chen Liuqing , Zhang Lingling , Zheng Liyao , Wei Xingchuan
Published: March 2019

A convenient silver-catalyzed cascade radical cyclization of 2-(allyloxy)arylaldehydes with cyclopropanols was developed to synthesize carbonyl-containing alkyl-substituted chroman-4-one derivatives.
Stable dicationic dioxoliums and fate of their dioxolyl radicals
Authors: Devillard Marc , Regnier Vianney , Pecaut Jacques , Martin David
Published: March 2019

A glimpse into uncharted territory: the synthesis and study of dicationic dioxolium salts allow for assessing the fate of the corresponding elusive dioxolyl radicals.
Re-Du-Ning inhalation solution exerts suppressive effect on the secretion of inflammatory mediators via inhibiting IKKα/β/IκBα/NF-κB, MAPKs/AP-1, and TBK1/IRF3 signaling pathways in lipopolysaccharide stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages
Authors: Zhang Yi , Chi-Yan Cheng Brian , Xie Ran , Xu Bing , Gao Xiao Yan , Luo Gan
Published: March 2019

Re-Du-Ning inhalation solution suppresses the production of inflammatory mediators through TLR4 signaling pathway.
Synthesis and characterization of ethyl benzotriazolyl acrylate-based D–π–A fluorophores for live cell-based imaging applications
Authors: Ortega-Villarreal Ana Sofia , Hernández-Fernández Eugenio , Jensen Christopher , Valdivia-Berroeta Gabriel A. , Garrard Samuel , López Israel , Smith Stacey J. , Christensen Kenneth A. , Reyes-González Miguel A. , Michaelis David J.
Published: March 2019

Synthesis of eight new benzotriazolyl derivatives, characterization, X-ray diffraction analyses, photophysical properties and their application as safe-fluorophores in mammalian cells.
Photoinitiated carbonyl-metathesis: deoxygenative reductive olefination of aromatic aldehydes via photoredox catalysis
Authors: Wang Shun , Lokesh Nanjundappa , Hioe Johnny , Gschwind Ruth M. , König Burkhard
Published: March 2019

Carbonyl–carbonyl olefination, known as McMurry reaction, represents a powerful strategy for the construction of olefins.
Chemotaxis mediated interactions can stabilize the hydrodynamic instabilities in active suspensions
Authors: Nejad Mehrana R. , Najafi Ali
Published: March 2019

Ordered phases in active suspensions of polar swimmers are under long-wavelength hydrodynamic mediated instabilities. In this article, it is shown that chemical molecules dissolved in aqueous suspensions, as an unavoidable part of most wet active systems, can mediate long-range interactions and subsequently, stabilize the polar phase.
A facile method for synthesizing CuS decorated Ti3C2 MXene with enhanced performance for asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Pan Zhihu , Cao Fa , Hu Xing , Ji Xionghong
Published: March 2019

A Ti3C2–CuS//Ti3C2 asymmetric supercapacitor device exhibited an energy density of 15.4 W h kg−1 at a power density of 750.2 W kg−1.
Fast kinetics of Mg2+/Li+ hybrid ions in a polyanion Li3V2(PO4)3 cathode in a wide temperature range
Authors: Rashad Muhammad , Zhang Hongzhang , Li Xianfeng , Zhang Huamin
Published: March 2019

A Li3V2(PO4)3 based Mg2+/Li+ hybrid battery with excellent performance both at room temperature and low temperatures (0, −10, −20, −30, and −40 °C) is presented.
Designing an asymmetric device based on graphene wrapped yolk–double shell NiGa2S4 hollow microspheres and graphene wrapped FeS2–FeSe2 core–shell cratered spheres with outstanding energy density
Authors: Mohammadi Zardkhoshoui Akbar , Hosseiny Davarani Saied Saeed , Maleka Ashtiani Mona , Sarparast Morteza
Published: March 2019

We introduce an asymmetric supercapacitor composed of graphene wrapped yolk-double shell NiGa2S4 as a cathode, and graphene wrapped FeS2–FeSe2 core–shell as an anode.
Facile synthesis of Ti4O7 on hollow carbon spheres with enhanced polysulfide binding for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Wang Fang , Ding Xian , Shi Ruyue , Li Miaoran , Lei Yimin , Lei Zhibin , Jiang Guangshen , Xu Fei , Wang Hongqiang , Jia Lichao , Jiang Ruibin , Liu Zonghuai , Sun Jie
Published: March 2019

Ti4O7 nanoparticles grown on hollow carbon spheres through the carbothermal reduction reaction exhibit high sulfur loading, superior reversible capacity and favorable cycling stability.
Chainmail co-catalyst of NiO shell-encapsulated Ni for improving photocatalytic CO2reduction over g-C3N4
Authors: Han Chunqiu , Zhang Rumeng , Ye Yinghao , Wang Li , Ma Zhaoyu , Su Fengyun , Xie Haiquan , Zhou Ying , Wong Po Keung , Ye Liqun
Published: March 2019

The chainmail co-catalyst NiO shell-encapsulated Ni increased the separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers in g-C3N4. Therefore, Ni/NiO/g-C3N4showed improved photocatalytic activity in CO2reduction.
Non-equilibrium thermodynamics in electrochemical complexation of Li–oxygen porous electrodes
Authors: Mistry Aashutosh N. , Cano-Banda Fernando , Law Dickens , Hernandez-Guerrero Abel , Mukherjee Partha P.
Published: March 2019

The non-equilibrium mechanistics, resulting from concentrated electrolyte transport and porous structure assisted convolution of interactions, are examined for Li–oxygen electrodes.
Dynamic Ag+-intercalation with AgSnSe2 nano-precipitates in Cl-doped polycrystalline SnSe2 toward ultra-high thermoelectric performance
Authors: Liu Chengyan , Huang Zhiwei , Wang Dianhui , Wang Xiuxia , Miao Lei , Wang Xiaoyang , Wu Shaohai , Toyama Nozomu , Asaka Toru , Chen Junliang , Nishibori Eiji , Zhao Li-Dong
Published: March 2019

Thermally driven Ag+-intercalation into the van der Waals gap results in a record thermoelectric performance in polycrystalline SnSe2.
Viologen-inspired functional materials: synthetic strategies and applications
Authors: Ding Junjie , Zheng Caini , Wang Luxin , Lu Chenbao , Zhang Bin , Chen Yu , Li Mingqiang , Zhai Guangqun , Zhuang Xiaodong
Published: March 2019

Viologen-inspired aromatic molecules, polymers, and functional materials and their versatile applications will be introduced in this review.
Grain boundaries modified uniformly-conjoint metal/oxides via binder strategy as efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts
Authors: Zhang Rongrong , Wang Li , Ma Yu-Hang , Pan Lun , Gao Ruijie , Li Ke , Zhang Xiangwen , Zou Ji-Jun
Published: March 2019

A binding strategy was developed to introduce grain boundaries in a metal/semiconductor via thermal calcination of Co/Ni glycerolates bonded by melamine.
Liquid crystalline block copolymers as adaptive agents for compatibility between CdSe/ZnS quantum dots and low-molecular-weight liquid crystals
Authors: Bugakov Miron , Boiko Natalia , Samokhvalov Pavel , Zhu Xiaomin , Möller Martin , Shibaev Valery
Published: March 2019

Liquid crystalline (LC) triblock copolymers were used either as (i) a nematic matrix, which can be loaded with 10 wt% of CdSe/ZnS QDs, or (ii) a compatibilizer, which allows more than 1 wt% of QDs to be introduced in low-molecular-weight cholesteric LCs.
Tetrathiafulvalene–oligofluorene star-shaped systems: new semiconductor materials for fluorescent moisture indicators
Authors: Scanlan Katrina , Kanibolotsky Alexander L. , Breig Benjamin , Hedley Gordon J. , Skabara Peter J.
Published: March 2019

Increased emission through the oxidation of tetrathiafulvalene redox-active centres in star-shaped oligofluorene structures.
The Relationship Between Hearing Loss Self-Management and Hearing Aid Benefit and Satisfaction
Authors: Convery Elizabeth , Keidser Gitte , Hickson Louise , Meyer Carly
Published: March 2019

Purpose

Hearing loss self-management refers to the knowledge and skills people use to manage the effects of hearing loss on all aspects of their daily lives. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-reported hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction.

Method

Thirty-seven adults with hearing loss, all of whom were current users of bilateral hearing aids, participated in this observational study. The participants completed self-report inventories probing their hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction. Correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between individual domains of hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction.

Results

Participants who reported better self-management of the effects of their hearing loss on their emotional well-being and social participation were more likely to report less aided listening difficulty in noisy and reverberant environments and greater satisfaction with the effect of their hearing aids on their self-image. Participants who reported better self-management in the areas of adhering to treatment, participating in shared decision making, accessing services and resources, attending appointments, and monitoring for changes in their hearing and functional status were more likely to report greater satisfaction with the sound quality and performance of their hearing aids.

Conclusion

Study findings highlight the potential for using information about a patient's hearing loss self-management in different domains as part of clinical decision making and management planning.
Coordination of elderly healthcare service supply chain with information asymmetry: Designs of option contracts under different demand distribution statuses
Authors: Zhao Jun
Published: March 2019

This paper studies the issue of demand information asymmetry in an elderly healthcare service (EHS) system represented by a two-echelon elderly healthcare service supply chain (EHSSC) comprising an elderly service integrator (ESI) and a service provider (ESP). The goal of the ESI is to decide on how much service capacity is required for placing orders to the ESP, who directly serves the customers. Considering discrete and continuous demand distribution statuses, a centralised model with symmetric demand information and decentralised models with asymmetric demand information are developed to analyse the optimal ordering decisions and discuss the influence of information asymmetry. Furthermore, option contracts are applied to help coordinate the supply chain under asymmetric demand information based on different demand distribution statuses. Optimal option contract menus are designed for the ESP to promote the information sharing. Results show that the option contract can coordinate the EHSSC with asymmetric demand information under both discrete and continuous demand distribution statuses. The exercise price will be higher under lower demand information than that under higher demand information and the transfer payment will be less under lower demand information than that under higher demand information. Moreover, although the ESI has demand information superiority and can make use of opportunistic behaviour to maximise its own profit, the ESP as the leader can design the option contract to incentive the ESI to achieve true information sharing, and even obtain nearly all of the channel profit.
Relationship of Training Load with High-intensity Running in Professional Soccer Players
Authors: Lee Marcus , Mukherjee Swarup
Published: March 2019

This study determined the training load (TL) and its relationship with high-intensity running performance across the season in professional soccer players. The TL, YoYo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 2 (YYIR 2) and repeated sprint ability (RSA) were monitored in 29 players (age 26.2±3.8 years, height 173.6±5.6 cm, body mass 68.5±8.6 kg). In the mid in-season (MS), Lucia TRIMP (TRIMPL) was inversely correlated with YYIR 2 (r=−0.6, p<0.05), with total distance (TD), work-rate (WR), low-intensity distance (LID) and player load (PL) showing correlation with YYIR 2 (r=0.81, 0.77, 0.88, 0.67; p<0.05) in the late in-season (LS). In pre-season (PS), TD, WR and moderate-intensity distance (MID) were correlated with YYIR 2 (r=0.65, 0.80, 0.83, p<0.05), whereas in early in-season (ES), TD, WR, LID were correlated with YYIR 2 performance (r=0.58, 0.67, 0.55, p<0.05). There was no significant relationship (p>0.05) between TL and RSA. The findings showed the volume, intensity and types of TL accrued influences the relationship with physical performance that suggest the significance of phase-specific monitoring of TL for maximizing performance in soccer players.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Associated Hospitalizations in Infants of 33 to 42 Weeksʼ Gestation: Does Gestational Age Matter?
Authors: Resch Bernhard , Wörner Charlotte , Özdemir Selma , Hubner Magdalena , Puchas Claudia , Urlesberger Berndt
Published: March 2019

Background To evaluate rates and characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus hospitalizations (RSV-H) in infants of 33 to 42 weeks of gestational age (GA).

Patients All infants with a history of neonatal hospitalization and a GA of 33 to 42 weeks born between 2005 and 2015 and follow-up at least over one RSV season (first year of life). Infants with congenital heart disease and other congenital anomalies were excluded.

Methods Retrospective single-center cohort STROBE compliant study. Data were collected regarding demographic data and re-hospitalization characteristics due to respiratory illness and due to RSV infection; and data were compared between moderate-late preterm, near term, term, and post term infants, respectively.

Results A total of 81.656 live born infants were registered in our catchment area with gestational age from 33 to 42 weeks during the study period; and 2188 of 2356 preterm infants and 1004 of 1168 term infants with history of neonatal hospitalization were included for analysis. Rehospitalizations due to respiratory illness occurred in 301 preterm (13.8%) and 136 term (13.5%) infants for 381 and 183 times, respectively. In total 84 of 3192 infants (2.6%) were tested RSV positive, 61 of 2188 preterm (2.8%) and 23 of 1004 term (2.3%). Preterm infants without history of neonatal hospitalization had a RSV hospitalization (RSV-H) rate of 1.7% (61/3488) and term infants of 1.3% (967/74.644) that were significantly lower compared to study infants (p=0.004 and 0.002, respectively). Moderate and late preterm (2.8%), near term (3.1%) and post term (3.5%) infants had significantly higher RSV-H rates compared to term infants (1.2%). Risk factors for RSV-H in preterm infants included discharge during RSV season (4.2 vs. 2.0%, p=0.017) and presence of older siblings (4.2 vs. 2.1%, p=0.023), in term infants presence of older siblings (p=0.019). The course of RSV disease did not differ between groups.

Discussion Interestingly, we did not observe decreasing RSV-H rates with increasing GA. Term infants represented the group with lowest RSV-H rates. Neonatal hospitalization was a risk factor for RSV-H for both preterm and term infants. Near term infants do more resemble the late preterm than term infants regarding RSV-H rates.

Conclusion We found comparable higher RSV-H rates in all groups compared to term infants without differences in the course of disease and identified neonatal hospitalization as an independent risk factor.
Duration of Cast Immobilization in Distal Radial Fractures: A Systematic Review
Authors: Delft Eva A.K. van , Gelder Tamara G. van , Vries Ralph de , Vermeulen Jefrey , Bloemers Frank W.
Published: March 2019

Objective The duration of immobilization in distal radial fractures is disputed in the current literature. There are still no long-term superior outcomes of operative treatment in comparison to nonoperative treatment. A systematic review was initiated to assess the clinical controversy on the duration of the immobilization period for nonoperatively treated distal radial fractures.

Materials and Methods A comprehensive search was performed in the PubMed, Embase, and Wiley/Cochrane Library databases and a manual reference check of the identified systematic reviews and meta-analyses was executed. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials that compared two periods of immobilization, with reported functional, patient-reported, and radiological outcomes. Two reviewers independently agreed on eligibility, and assessed methodological quality and extracted outcome data.

Results The initial search yielded 3.384 studies. Twelve trials, with 1063 patients, were included in this systematic review. Grip strength and patient-reported outcome were better in patients treated by a shorter period of immobilization. There was no difference in pain, range of motion, or radiological outcome between different periods of immobilization. Owing to heterogeneity of studies, data were unsuitable for pooling.

Conclusion Included studies showed that there might be a preference for a shorter period of immobilization in nonoperatively treated distal radius fractures. Therefore, shortening the period of immobilization in distal radial fractures to a maximum of three weeks should be considered. Future research should include homogeneous groups of patients to draw valid conclusions on the appropriate period of immobilization for nonoperatively treated distal radial fractures.

Level of Evidence This is a Level II study.

Systematic Review Registration Number PROSPERO 2018 CRD42018085524.
A high speed X-Y nanopositioner with integrated optical motion sensing
Authors: Gupta Priyanka , Piyush P. , Sriramshankar R. , Jayanth G. R.
Published: March 2019

High speed in-plane (X-Y) nanopositioners are of central importance in scanning probe microscopy for performing fast imaging and manipulation. Reducing the size of the nanopositioning stage improves the response speed of the positioner but also introduces challenges in integration of conventional motion sensors. This paper presents the design and development of a novel high speed flexure-guided, piezo-electrically actuated nanopositioner with integrated optical beam deflection-based motion sensing. The sensing strategy eliminates spatial constraints even for small stages. A simple lumped-parameter model is proposed for the nanopositioner. Subsequently, the model is used to design and fabricate the nanopositioner. The measurement system is integrated with the nanopositioning stage and is employed to characterize the quasi-static and dynamic response of the stage. Finally, the in-plane motion measurements are employed to control the stage when it is commanded to track both slow- and fast-varying position signals. In both cases, the use of control is shown to significantly improve the tracking accuracy.
Scattering of electron holes in the context of ion-acoustic regime
Authors: Hosseini Jenab S. M. , Spanier F. , Brodin G.
Published: March 2019

Mutual collisions between ion-acoustic solitary waves are studied based on a fully kinetic simulation approach. Two cases, small and large relative velocities, are studied, and the effect of trapped electron population on the collision process is focused upon. It is shown that, for the case of small relative velocity, the repelling force between the trapped populations of electrons results in scattering of electron holes. However, this phenomenon cannot be witnessed if the relative velocity is considerably high since the impact of trapped population remains very weak.
Control system for automated drift compensation of the stand-alone charge amplifier used for low-frequency measurement
Authors: Kos Tomaž , Rojac Tadej , Petrovčič Janko , Vrančić Damir
Published: March 2019

A charge amplifier is an electronic current integrator that is frequently employed for converting electrical charges or electrical currents into voltage signals. The charge amplifier is very sensitive to DC drift, since the DC component in the input signal leads to a steady accumulation of charge in the feedback capacitor until the output voltage saturates. Various solutions for automated drift reduction have been proposed, but they either (i) disable measurements of low-frequency signals (mHz range), (ii) non-deterministically reset the charge amplifier output voltage, (iii) cannot compensate for high value drifts (above V/s), or (iv) have a high closed-loop time constant, which decreases the disturbance rejection performance and increases settling time. In this paper, we present a control system for automated drift compensation of the charge amplifier periodic output voltage, which solves the aforementioned problems. The proposed solution (i) efficiently rejects disturbances, (ii) offers fast settling time without affecting the measurement accuracy, (iii) can compensate for drift in a large range (up to tens of V/s), and (iv) is low-cost. The presented solution was tested on a charge amplifier that is part of a custom-made dedicated measurement system for automated high-temperature and low-frequency polarization measurements of dielectric materials. The presented results indicate that the proposed automatic control system efficiently compensates for the drift component of the charge amplifier without affecting the measurement precision. Most importantly, with the modifications presented in this manuscript, this system can be easily adapted for other charge amplifier periodic measurement usage examples.
Wannier interpolation of one-particle Green’s functions from coupled-cluster singles and doubles (CCSD)
Authors: Kosugi Taichi , Matsushita Yu-ichiro
Published: March 2019

We propose two schemes for interpolation of the one-particle Green’s function (GF) calculated within a coupled-cluster singles and doubles (CCSD) method for a periodic system. These schemes use Wannier orbitals for circumventing huge cost for a large number of sampled k points. One of the schemes is the direct interpolation, which obtains the GF straightforwardly by using Fourier transformation. The other is the self-energy-mediated interpolation, which obtains the GF via the Dyson equation. We apply the schemes to a LiH chain and trans-polyacetylene and examine their validity in detail. It is demonstrated that the direct-interpolated GFs suffer from numerical artifacts stemming from slow convergence of CCSD GFs in real space, while the self-energy-mediated interpolation provides more physically appropriate GFs due to the localized nature of CCSD self-energies. Our schemes are also applicable to other correlated methods capable of providing GFs.
Comparison on the structure and exchange bias in Co/MnPt and MnPt/Co polycrystalline films on glass substrates
Authors: Chang H. W. , Yuan F. T. , Yeh P. Y. , Chen Y. C. , Lai Y. L. , Pan P. H. , Wang C. R. , Horng Lance , Chang W. C.
Published: March 2019

Structure and magnetic properties of sputter-prepared Co(5 nm)/MnPt(20 nm) and MnPt/Co polycrystalline films with various annealing temperatures (T) have been compared. XRD and TEM analysis show that MnPt is more compressive in film plane for Co/MnPt than MnPt/Co at as-deposited state. Large HE of 464-560 Oe are attained in two series films through proper thermal process of post annealing and cooling in external magnetic field. The increase of HE with T is mainly dominated by the ordering degree of MnPt layer and the roughness of the interface. As compared to MnPt/Co film (T = 250 °C), Co/MnPt film with more compressive in film plane exhibits L10-ordering, the onset of stress release, and the optimized HE at lower T = 200 °C. Higher HE for MnPt/Co film at T = 250 °C (560 Oe) than Co/MnPt film T = 200 °C (464 Oe) might be related to grain growth for L10 phase. Nevertheless, higher annealing temperature leads to the interdiffusion, the roughened surface and therefore the decrease of HE and Hc. This study provides useful information to fabricate exchange-bias system with L10-MnPt as an antiferromagnetic layer.
Interplay between magnetic ion and amorphous carbon in Na3V2(PO4)3/C nanocomposite
Authors: Kao Cheng-Wei , Yang Chun-Chuen , Wang Chin Wei , Zhuang Shu-Han , Tung Yung-Hsiang , Hsu Ting-Wei , Wu Wei-Chun , Liu Wei-Ren , Lin Kuen-Song
Published: March 2019

The crystal structure, magnetic properties and electrical properties of Na3V2(PO4)3/C nanocomposite were investigated using neutron and x-ray powder diffractometer, Raman spectroscopy, and experiments on ac magnetic susceptibility and ac impendence. Na3V2(PO4)3 has a trigonal structure with an R-3c space group and the carbon film coating has an amorphous phase at temperatures between 5 K and 300 K. An external magnetic field enlarged the lattice constant size parallel to the c-axis but had no effect on that parallel to the a-axis. Short-range magnetic correlation was observed below 220 K. A magnetic field of 1 mT was equivalent to a 1.4(2) K thermal effect the c-axis. The carbon film yielded Raman peaks associated with D1-, D3-, D4-, and G-bands. The ac magnetic susceptibility curve is consistent with the Curie-Weiss law. The magnetic moment of V3+ and Curie temperature TC of the sample were 2.91(6) μB/f.u. and 15(4) K, respectively. Ac impedance (Z) experiments demonstrated that the external magnetic field had no any effect on Z at 300 K. This investigation reveals a possibility of lattice and phonon control by the application of an external magnetic field. Its findings may be useful in developing lithium or sodium ion batteries.
Magnetic properties of permalloy antidot array fabricated by interference lithography
Authors: Silva A. S. , Hierro-Rodriguez A. , Bunyaev S. A. , Kakazei G. N. , Dobrovolskiy O. V. , Redondo C. , Morales R. , Crespo H. , Navas D.
Published: March 2019

The magnetic properties of a Permalloy antidot array in square lattice geometry, with circular-rhomboidal hole shape and fabricated by interference laser lithography and ion-beam sputtering have been reported. Magneto-optical Kerr effect magnetometry indicated that the sample exhibits four-fold anisotropic behaviour, i.e. different magnetization loops were observed when the external magnetic field was applied along either x- or y-axis, or along the array diagonal. Broadband ferromagnetic resonance measurements revealed a rich variety of different magnetization configurations in the unsaturated state that can be controlled by the orientation of the external magnetic field. Micromagnetic simulations have been performed to explain the observed results. On the contrary, in the saturated regime the system demonstrated almost isotropic magnetic behaviour that improves with external field increase. The obtained results show the potential of interference lithography for the fabrication of large area antidot arrays.
FeNbBP type nanocrystalline alloy with high B
s of 1.64 T optimized by sputtered thin film method
Authors: Amano Hajime , Hasegawa Akito , Ara Kensuke , Horino Kenji , Matsumoto Hiroyuki
Published: March 2019

The increasing of saturation magnetic flux density (Bs) in FeNbB type nanocrystalline alloy has been widely studied. The influence of additional element to improve Amorphous Forming Ability (AFA) in precursor was investigated using substrate temperature controlled sputtering method at 523K. The AFA was improved by the addition of P, Si, V, or Mo, was decreased by the addition of Y, Cu, or Ge. Especially, the addition of 1 at% P exhibited a good effect of obtaining 85 at% of maximum Fe content with high stable amorphous precursor. The addition of P or C increased Bs. The Fe85Nb6B8P1 nanocrystalline alloy ribbon showed stable amorphous phase as quenched, exhibited a homogeneous nanocrystalline structure composed of grains with 10 to 20 nm in diameter after nanocrystallization. The ribbon exhibited high Bs of 1.64T and low coercivity of 10 A/m.
Controlling the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of ε-Fe2O3
Authors: Ahamed Imran , Skomski Ralph , Kashyap Arti
Published: March 2019

The magnetocrystalline anisotropy of pristine and Co-substituted ε-Fe2O3 is investigated by density functional calculations. The epsilon-iron oxide is the only polymorph of Fe2O3 magnetoelectric in its antiferromagnetic ground states other crystalline forms being α-Fe2O3 (hematite), β-Fe2O3, and γ-Fe2O3 (maghemite). The magnetizations of the four iron sublattices are antiferromagnetically aligned with slightly different magnetic moments resulting in a ferrimagnetic structure. Compared to the naturally occurring hematite and maghemite, bulk ε-Fe2O3 is difficult to prepare, but ε-Fe2O3 nanomaterials of different geometries and feature sizes have been fabricated. A coercivity of 20 kOe [2 T] was reported in nanocomposites of ε-Fe2O3, and an upper bound for the magnetic anisotropy constant K at a low temperature of ε-Fe2O3 is previously measured to be 0.1 MJ/m3. In the Co-substituted oxides, one octahedral or tetrahedral Fe atom per unit cell has been replaced by Co. The cobalt substitution substantially enhances magnetization and anisotropy.
Investigation of dopamine immobilized on gold by surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Yuan Yong J. , Xu Zhangliang , Chen Yubing
Published: March 2019

Dopamine (DA) existed as small-molecules can serve as a versatile platform for secondary surface modified reactions in biomedical engineering and biosensors especially a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor. For sensing modification purposes, the environment of DA polymerization may be varied. This study involved using DA for the modification of a gold film under different conditions. It was anticipated that the change of environmental conditions would have an influence on the immobilization reaction of DA onto the gold film, and hence the impact on the SPR phenomenon. These conditions included varying pH, using different kinds of buffers, varying DA concentrations in buffer solutions as well as the DA immobilization time which reflected the length of time that the gold film was being exposed to DA. It was found that both neutral and mildly alkaline conditions offered favorable immobilization environments with 2 mg/mL dopamine in pH 8.6 Tris buffer, producing the optimum reactive result on gold. It was observed that the SPR phenomenon became non-existence at pH 9.5 for 2-hour DA immobilization time. Under the optimum environmental condition, the critical DA immobilization time for the disappearance of SPR phenomenon was estimated to be 277 min (approx. 4.6 hours). The results from this work have produced a series of valuable data served as a good foundation for surface modification using DA.
A system for the synthesis of nanoparticles by laser ablation in liquid that is remotely controlled with PC or smartphone
Authors: Crivellaro Simone , Guadagnini Andrea , Arboleda David Muñetón , Schinca Daniel , Amendola Vincenzo
Published: March 2019

Nanoparticles find applications in multiple technological and scientific fields, and laser ablation in liquid (LAL) emerged as a versatile method for providing colloidal solutions of nanomaterials with various composition, by a low cost, simple, self-standing, and “green” procedure. However, the use of high energy and high power laser beams is harmful, especially when coupled with flammable or toxic liquids, and in situ operation is required for starting, monitoring the LAL synthesis, and stopping it at the desired point. Here we describe the hardware and software design and the test results of a system for the production of nanoparticles by laser ablation synthesis in liquid solution (LASiS), which is remotely controllable with a personal computer or a smartphone. In this system, laser energy and solution flux are selectable, and the synthesis status can be monitored and managed at any time off site. Only commercially available components and software are employed, making the whole apparatus easily reproducible in any LAL laboratory. The system has proven its reliability in various conditions, including intercontinental remote control experiments. Overall, this apparatus represents a step forward to improve the safety and to more efficiently exploit the time of people working with LASiS, thus contributing to the increasing demand for off-site real time monitoring of experimental equipment in many scientific and industrial laboratories, due to safety and efficiency requirements.
The dynamic expansion of leader discharge channels under positive voltage impulse with different rise times in long air gap: Experimental observation and simulation results
Authors: Cui Yingzhe , Zhuang Chijie , Zhou Xuan , Zeng Rong
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we observe the dynamic expansion process of positive leader channels under impulses with different rise times in a 1-m air gap using a Mach-Zehnder interferometry and a high-speed video camera. The thermal parameters describing the leader channel under a lightning and switching impulse are obtained through an analysis of interference fringes. The influences of different voltage waveforms on the dynamic expansion of leader channels are obtained. Firstly, the expansion rates of the channel radius are higher for shorter rise times. The average expansion rates are 72.30 ± 9.54, 28.09 ± 5.05, and 14.38 ± 3.02 m/s for the rise times of 1.2, 40, and 100 μs and the crest value of 425 kV for a 0.5-cm-diameter cone electrode; moreover, the temperatures at the centre of the leader channels are 5000–7000 K, 4000–6000 K, and 3000–4500 K, respectively. Secondly, the high-temperature region is larger for the shorter rise times. A numerical model was used to study the expansion of the leader channels, and the simulation results for the leader channel diameters showed good consistency with the experimental measurements. The continuous energy injection results in an over-pressure process in the leader channels and ultimately in their expansion. For a 1.2/50 μs waveform, the vibrational-translational relaxation (QVT) and the thermal dissociation (QD), which dominate the energy flow, are about one order of magnitude greater than that in a 100/2500 μs waveform. The convection loss and the ionization mechanism during the expansion process are also discussed.
The effect of adsorption-induced swelling on porosity based on the transient coal swelling model
Authors: Zhang Bo , Zhu Jie , Tang Di , Jiang Yaodong
Published: March 2019

Coal swelling induced by gas adsorption is a well-known phenomenon. In order to enhance coalbed methane production and greenhouse gases sequestration, adsorption phase should be understood deeply, and it is the most basic and the most important. Experimental measurements performed in this work on three samples from Kaiping Basin using carbon dioxide. Basing on Gibbs adsorption model, the steady-state swelling model is developed, which also assume that the change of the coal surface free energy induced by adsorption is equal to the change of energy caused by adsorption deformation. The mass balance equation of gas in porous media is combined with the steady-state swelling model. The dynamic variation of porosity and internal gas pressure of coal are integrated into the transient swelling model. The steady-state model and transient model are applied to describe the experimental volumetric strain. The results show good agreement between the models and the experimental strain data. The coal pore tests with different probe scales are also used to investigate the true pore size distribution and porosity, which provide more accurate parameter values. According to the transient swelling model, the effects of porosity on adsorption-induced swelling are further analyzed.
Formation of water in oil in water particles by drop impact on an oil layer
Authors: Wang Wei , Ji Chen , Lin Fangye , Wei Xiaofeng , Zou Jun
Published: March 2019

We present an experimental study of water drop impact on an oil layer floating on a water bath. With the fixed oil layer thickness δ = 1 mm and viscosity μ = 10 mPa s, different phenomena are presented depending on the impact velocity. A regime map is built to classify these phenomena into bouncing, trapped, trapped + breakup, water in oil in water (W-O-W) particles, and multi-layered W-O-W particles. Focus is on the formation of the W-O-W particle which has a combined structure: a water globule enclosed by an oil film in the water bath. Generally, one intermediate-speed impact produces two W-O-W particles named as the primary and satellite particles, respectively. The diameter of the satellite particle significantly increases with the impact velocity, while the primary particle remains almost constant. There exists a maximal diameter of the satellite particle which is equivalent to that of the primary particle. After that, multi-layered W-O-W particles form and the satellite particle diameter decreases with the impact velocity. In the limit of an extremely thin oil film, a theoretical model is built to predict the threshold for generating W-O-W particles and the variation of the particle diameter with the impact velocity. Moreover, the threshold for generating W-O-W particles is found to depend on the oil layer thickness and viscosity. A qualitative analysis is presented to explain this phenomenon.
Generation of a large compressive strain wave in graphite by ultrashort-pulse laser irradiation
Authors: Wang Xiaocui , Jarnac A. , Ekström J. C. , Bengtsson Å. U. J. , Dorchies F. , Enquist H. , Jurgilaitis A. , Pedersen M. N. , Tu C.-M. , Wulff M. , Larsson J.
Published: March 2019

We have studied strain wave generation in graphite induced by an intense ultrashort laser pulse. The study was performed in the intensity regime above the ablation threshold of graphite. The aim was to maximize the strain and, thus, also the internal pressure (stress). Laser pulses with a 1 ps temporal duration melt the surface of graphite resulting in a molten material which initially exists at the solid density. As the molten material expands, a compressive strain wave starts propagating into the crystal below the molten layer. The strain pulse was studied with time-resolved X-ray diffraction. At a temporal delay of 100 ps after laser excitation, we observed >10% compressive strain, which corresponds to a pressure of 7.2 GPa. This strain could be reproduced by hydrodynamic simulations, which also provided a temperature map as a function of time and depth.
Epitaxial growth of bronze phase titanium dioxide by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Guo W. , Ji D. X. , Yuan Z. S. , Wang P. , Nie Y. F. , Gu Z. B. , Pan X. Q.
Published: March 2019

Bronze phase titanium dioxide (TiO2-B) has an ideal open structure for applications in high-rate lithium-ion batteries, but high quality and water-free TiO2-B is difficult to synthesize since TiO2-B is energetically less stable compared to other TiO2 polymorphs. Using CaTi5O11 as a template layer can help stabilize TiO2-B phase, but it is still challenging to avoid the formation of TiO2 anatase (TiO2-A) impurity phase. Here we show the synthesis of phase pure TiO2-B films by in situ engineering of the surface quality of the buffer layer using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). By applying surface sensitive in situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED), the formation of the impurity TiO2 anatase phase on the surface of CaTi5O11 buffer layer can be monitored and eliminated in real time, leaving a clean template surface for the growth of phase pure TiO2-B films.
Polarity-dependent resistance switching in crystalline Ge1Sb4Te7 film
Authors: liu Bin , Hu Shuwei , Zhou Jian , Sun Zhimei
Published: March 2019

Phase-change memory (PCM) utilizes the fast reversible phase transition between crystalline and amorphous chalcogenide phase-change materials to achieve the data storage. The rather large density difference between crystalline and amorphous phases will induce device failure with repeated switching. Further, the melting-quenching process induced amorphous-crystalline phase-change needs high energy consumption. In this work, reversible resistance switching is observed in crystalline Ge1Sb4Te7 ribbons driven by voltage polarity, without amorphous-crystalline phase-change. Consequently, the large density variation and the high energy consumption are avoided, which overcomes those two restrictions of PCM. Moreover, on the basis of ab initio calculations, the underlying mechanism is further analyzed and it is concluded that this switching is induced by the reversible swapping of antimony between its lattice site and the center of the Te-Te van der Waals bilayers.
Do observer fatigue and taxon bias compromise visual encounter surveys for small vertebrates?
Authors: Lardner Björn , Yackel Adams Amy A. , Knox Adam J. , Savidge Julie A. , Reed Robert N.
Published: March 2019

Context Visual encounter surveying is a standard animal inventory method, modifications of which (e.g. distance sampling and repeated count surveys) are used for modelling population density. However, a variety of factors may bias visual survey counts. Aims The aim of the present study was to evaluate three observer-related biases: (1) whether fatigue compromises detection rate as a survey occasion progresses; (2) whether long-term fatigue or boredom compromise detection rates over the course of a survey period; and (3) whether observers exhibit biases in detection rates of different animal taxa. Methods We analysed >2.3 × 104 observations of lizards and small mammals from nocturnal pedestrian visual encounter surveys, each 4 h in duration, conducted by a pool of 29 observers, each of whom surveyed for up to 31 nights. Key results Detections of sleeping (diurnal) emerald tree skinks (Lamprolepis smaragdina) exhibited a small but statistically verified decline as the evening progressed, whereas detections of sleeping (diurnal) green anoles (Anolis carolinensis) increased as the evening progressed. Detections of nocturnal geckos (several species pooled) showed a weak and non-significant declining trend. Small mammal sightings (rats, shrews and mice pooled) declined strongly over the course of an evening. The participants saw greater or equal numbers of animals the more nights they surveyed. Most participants exhibited statistically significant, and often strong, taxonomic detection bias compared with the pool of peer observers. The skills of some observers appeared to be consistently above average; others consistently below average. Conclusions Data on sleeping lizards suggest that neither short-term nor long-term observer fatigue is of much concern for 4-h visual searches. On the contrary, differences among observers in taxonomic bias and overall detection skills pose a problem for data interpretation. Implications By comparing temporal detection patterns of immobile (e.g. sleeping) with actively moving animal taxa, sampling biases attributable to searcher fatigue versus the animals’ circadian rhythm can be disentangled and, if need be, statistically corrected for. Observer skill differences and observer-specific taxonomic biases may hamper efforts to statistically evaluate survey results, unless explicitly included as covariates in population models.
Apparent competing agreement patterns in Middle Low German non-restrictive relative clauses with a first or second person head
Authors: Farasyn Melissa
Published: March 2019

This paper updates Farasyn (2017), who charted the agreement patterns found in Middle Low German (non-restrictive) relative clauses with a first or second person head. In related West Germanic languages, these clauses show different types of agreement patterns. This study presents new corpus data illustrating how Middle Low German compares to these. Expanding on Farasyn (2017), it investigates the historical development and elements introducing the relative clause, showing that φ-features in older stages of the West Germanic languages are always encoded in the non-restrictive relative clause, though often in different positions. Middle Low German displays a remarkable stability in retaining a covert resumptive pronoun bearing φ-features. An apparent competing pattern with an overt resumptive is a later innovation, as are structures with third person agreement found in neighboring languages.
Against V2 in Old Spanish
Authors: Sitaridou Ioanna
Published: March 2019

In this article, using rich data from 13th C. Spanish, it is argued that Old Spanish does not belong to any known V2 type of language, even the most flexible/relaxed attested type – the latter defined as mandatory verb movement from T-to-Fin/Force without the necessary raising of an XP to the preverbal field (as is the case in prototypical V2 languages such as German); neither does it constitute a new one for lack of evidence for formal movement of the verb to a C-related head. Instead, it is claimed that V2 effects in Old Spanish are due either because (i) verb movement is associated with some discourse effect or polarity; or, (ii) it is simply linear V2. Such V2 effects are trivially found in non-V2 languages and may also relate to rhetorical schemata and the discourse tradition.
What is a diachronically stable system in a language-contact situation?
Authors: Stein Achim , Ingham Richard P. , Trips Carola
Published: March 2019

In this paper we present data showing that the development of the English recipient passive (RP) was linked predominantly to verbs of French origin, although Old French (OF) did not have an RP. We present two explanations of the role that contact with French could have played in this development. The first explanation builds on the fact that only structurally case-marked arguments can become subjects of passive clauses and assumes that the RP was developed with French verbs because the OF structural dative was copied to Middle English (ME). The second explanation is that clause-taking ditransitive verbs in Anglo-French (AF, the variety of OF spoken in England) showed case idiosyncracies that licensed the RP in AF and may thus have acted as a bridge construction. We relate both explanations to current approaches in contact linguistics as well as to the degrees of stability of the three languages involved, ME, OF, and AF.