bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is the role of academics as teachers changing? An exploratory analysis in Italian universities
Authors: Barbato Giovanni , Moscati Roberto , Turri Matteo
Published: May 2019

University teaching is under pressure to evolve in line with the social, cultural and economic changes of modern society. This process inevitably affects the professional profile of academics since it creates an increasing tension between the traditional modes of teaching and the learning styles and professional expectations of students. This article analyses, both theoretically and empirically, the process of change of university teachers in the face of today’s challenges. The empirical analysis is based on the Italian university system, which has always been characterised by an overall reluctance to reforms. This article presents a theoretical framework based on two dimensions, i.e., the teacher/university relationship and the teacher/student relationship, to investigate the evolution of the professional profile of academics as teachers on the basis of seven teaching practices identified in the literature. The findings show that, besides some limits that are specific to professional bureaucracies, the support of universities is fundamental to promote innovation in teachers’ teaching practices, which are otherwise regulated and shaped only by their disciplinary community.Received: 14 January 2019Accepted: 27 March 2019Published online: 29 May 2019
The Effects of Pyridoxine on Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer in Tuberculous Treatment
Authors: FINDIK Hüseyin , GÜMÜŞ Aziz , OKUTUCU Murat , ASLAN Murat Gökhan , KOÇ Hacı , UZUN Feyzahan
Published: May 2019

Aim: Ethambutol and isoniazid, two of the main drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis, can lead to optic neuropathy. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive, repeatable, high resolution imaging technique used in the diagnosis and follow-up of optic nerve diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of pyridoxine added to antituberculous therapy on retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and the effectiveness of OCT in the early diagnosis and monitoring of optic neuropathy.Material and Methods: Twenty four patients diagnosed with pulmonary or non-pulmonary tuberculosis were included in the study. Patients divided into two groups. One group received antituberculous therapy alone, and the other group received 50 mg pyridoxine in addition to antituberculous therapy. RNFL thickness in both eyes was measured using OCT before treatment and 2-month after treatment.Results: The change in the second month of treatment according to baseline in terms of average RNFL thicknesses in the right eyes, showed a statistically significant difference between the groups using and not using pyridoxine (p=0,038). However, there was no significant difference in the left eyes in terms of RNFL thickness in any of the quadrants between the groups.Conclusion: Despite a decrease in RNFL thickness in patients receiving antituberculous therapy alone, no change in RNFL thickness occurred in patients receiving pyridoxine in addition to antituberculous therapy. We think that early ototoxicity can be detected with RNFL thickness measurement using OCT in asymptomatic patients and that the addition of pyridoxine to antituberculous therapy prevents ototoxicity.
COMPARISON OF THE PREVALENCE AND DYNAMICS OF ANXIETY, DEPRESSION AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE
Authors: Petrov V. S.
Published: May 2019

The objective. The assessment of the severity, prevalence and five-year dynamics of anxiety and depression in those studied with rheumatic heart disease.

Materials and methods. The study included 168 patients with rheumatic heart disease: mean age 58,69±0,47 years; 141 women (83,93%) and 27 men (16,07%). To assess anxiety and depression, the following scales were used: HADS (hospital anxiety and depression scale), CES-D (depression scale of the epidemiological research center), and STAI (Spielberger anxiety scale). Quality of life was assessed using total scale SF-36 (Short Form Medical Outcomes Study), KCCQ (Kansas questionnaire for patients with cardiomyopathy), and MHFLQ (Minnesota questionnaire for the quality of life of patients with CHF).

Results. Initially, patients with rheumatic heart disease had mild depression and anxiety, except for the high level of state anxiety according to STAI — 48.00 ± 0.95. More pronounced depressive disorders were revealed in patients with CHF NYHA III and IV. According to CES-D — 17,58±1,27 for FC I and 23,4±0,75 for FC IV, for HADS — 7,00±0,64 for FC I and 13,6±0,78 for FC IV. Anxiety disorders, on the contrary, were less with III and IV FC CHF: 8,5±0,49 with FC I and 8,2±1,02 with FC IV in HADS. According to STAI state anxiety — 47,58±1,22 (FC I) and 42,8±1,76 (FC IV), for trait anxiety — 42,67±1,08 (FC I) and 40,4±1,85 (FC IV). For the five-year period there was no negative and positive dynamics according to the questionnaires of anxiety and depression. The only exception was the increase in anxiety according to HADS by 0.66 points. In terms of quality of life, there was a decrease in physical health according to SF-36 by 1.78, and in overall summary score according to KCCQ by 1.55 and MHFLQ by — 3.99.

Conclusions. In patients with rheumatic heart disease, the severity of anxiety and depression is insignificant and does not increase during five years of observation. Indicators of depression are more pronounced in the group with CHF NYHA III and IV, and anxiety indicators in patients with CHF NYHA I and II. An increase in depression rates in subjects with rheumatic heart disease is associated with a deterioration in the quality of life. With an improvement in the quality of life values, depressive symptoms decrease, and anxiety rates increase.
CASE OF SEVERE JUVENILE-ONSET ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS IN A PATIENT WITH RECURRENT UVEITIS
Authors: Gamayunova K. A. , Rebrov A. P. , Galstyan Y. V. , Kamenskikh T. G.
Published: May 2019

The objective of the study — to describe a clinical case of severe juvenile-onset ankylosing spondylitis in a patient with persistently recurrent uveitis.

Materials and methods. Patient I., 43 years old, was constantly monitored since the age of 26 at the Department of Reumatology of the Saratov Regional Clinical Hospital with ankylosing spondylitis, an early onset of exstra-skeletal manifestations in the form of frequently recurring uveitis, and a number of complications.

Results. Some complications, which caused complete loss of vision in both eyes, occurred during the observation period due to poor treatment adherence.

Conclusion. The clinical observation presents some features of the disease, course treatment and the development of complications in the patient with ankylosing spondylitis and recurrent uveitis.
A Cross Sectional Study of Medical Students’ Perception of Their Educational Environment in Ghana
Authors: Ade-Oshifogun Temitope O. , Cadet Jean A. , Ade-Oshifogun Jochebed B.
Published: May 2019

Background: The quality of medical education is affected by many factors, one of which is the educational environment of medical education. However, there is paucity of studies addressing the educational environment from African medical schools. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical year students’ perceptions of their educational environment at a medical school in Ghana. This was done with the goal of identifying factors that may impact positive changes in the school.Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken using the DREEM questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered to students in clinical years 1, 2, & 3 at the time of the study. 298 students participated in the study by convenience sampling. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24. The total score and the five subscales of DREEM scores were used in the final analysis.Results: A total of 298 out of 300 students completed the questionnaire out of which Fifty six percent of respondents were male. There was no significant gender differences in the total DREEM scores [F(1, 274) = 1.019, p=0.314]. The overall educational environment was positive M=117.32 ± 15.45. Areas for improvement were students’ perception of the teachers (26.09 ± 3.59) and students’ perception of the atmosphere (25.71 ± 5.62). The students’ perception of learning (30.70 ± 5.20), and students’ academic self-perceptions (21.11 ± 3.74) were positive. Students’ social self-perceptions (13.71 ± 2.99) was neutral. There was no significant difference in perception by clinical year [F(2, 274) = 0.298, p = 0.742].Conclusion: The perception of students at this Ghanaian medical school can be described as positive and negative. The school should consider the two domains with negative perceptions as areas for improvement. Students reported problem-based learning as a preferred method of teaching versus the traditional method. Attention to the learning atmosphere and student-focused learning is likely to increase perception.
The Economic Impacts of Open Science: A Rapid Evidence Assessment
Authors: Fell Michael J.
Published: May 2019

A common motivation for increasing open access to research findings and data is the potential to create economic benefits – but evidence is patchy and diverse. This study systematically reviewed the evidence on what kinds of economic impacts (positive and negative) open science can have, how these comes about, and how benefits could be maximized. Use of open science outputs often leaves no obvious trace, so most evidence of impacts is based on interviews, surveys, inference based on existing costs, and modelling approaches. There is indicative evidence that open access to findings/data can lead to savings in access costs, labour costs and transaction costs. There are examples of open science enabling new products, services, companies, research and collaborations. Modelling studies suggest higher returns to R&D if open access permits greater accessibility and efficiency of use of findings. Barriers include lack of skills capacity in search, interpretation and text mining, and lack of clarity around where benefits accrue. There are also contextual considerations around who benefits most from open science (e.g. sectors, small vs larger companies, types of dataset). Recommendations captured in the review include more research, monitoring and evaluation (including developing metrics), promoting benefits, capacity building and making outputs more audience-friendly.
Hox Gene Collinearity May Be Related to Noether’s Theory on Symmetry and Its Linked Conserved Quantities
Authors: Papageorgiou Spyros
Published: May 2019

Hox Gene Collinearity (HGC) is a fundamental property that determines the development of many animal clades including Vertebrates. In the Hox gene clusters the genes are located in a sequence Hox1, Hox2, Hox3,… along the 3’ to 5’ direction of the cluster in the chromosome. During Hox cluster activation the Hox genes are expressed sequentially in the ontogenetic units D1, D2, D3,… along the anterior (A)- Posterior (P) axis of the early embryo. This collinearity, first observed by E.B. Lewis, is surprising because the spatial extent of these structures (Hox clusters and embryos) differ by about 4 orders of magnitude. Biomolecular mechanisms alone cannot explain this correlation. Long range physical interactions like diffusion or electric attractions should be involved. A biophysical model (BM) has been  formulated which cooperates with the biomolecular processes and describes the data successfully. Hundred years ago E. Noether made a fundamental discovery in Mathematics and Physics. She proved rigorously that a physical system obeying a symmetry law (e.g.rotations or self similarity) is linked to a conserved physical quantity. It is argued here that HGC obeys a ‘primitive’ self similarity symmetry of the genes of a Hox cluster along a finite straight line. In the case of Vertebrates, the associated partially conserved quantity is the ever increasing ‘ratchet’- like gene ordering where some Hox genes are missing. Another application of Noether’s Theory is performed to rotationally symmetric embryos like the sea urchin.
OTEL İŞLETMELERİNDE ÖNBÜRO DEPARTMANI ÇALIŞANLARININ MÜŞTERİ İLİŞKİLERİ YÖNETİMİ (MİY) UYGULAMALARINDA ROLÜNÜN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: AKINCI Zeki , YURCU Gülseren , AYBAR Dilek Hale
Published: May 2019

Müşterilerin otele geliş öncesi, geliş, konaklama ve ayrılış süreçlerinde
müşterilerle en çok iletişim ve etkileşim halinde olan önbüro çalışanlarının
müşteri ilişkileri yönetimi uygulamalarında katkıları ve rolü büyük önem arz
etmektedir. Bu bağlamda müşteri ilişkilerinde başarılı olabilmek, müşteride
olumlu izlenim bırakabilmek ve hizmet kalitesini yükseltebilmek için önbüro
çalışanlarının müşteri tatmini ve sadakatinin nasıl sağlanacağı ve müşteri
şikâyetlerinin nasıl çözüme kavuşturulacağı konusunda bilgi sahibi olması
gerekmektedir.

Bu çalışmada, otel işletmelerinde önbüro departmanında çalışanlarının ve
yöneticilerinin müşteri ilişkileri yönetimine sağlamış oldukları katkıları
belirlemek ve müşteri ilişkileri uygulamalarında genel otel işletme
politikasına uygun olarak müşteri tatmini, sadakati ve şikâyetleri açısından
rollerini ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular
değerlendirildiğinde, ortalama değerler itibariyle otel işletmelerinde
müşterilerin en çok tercih ettiği ulaşım kanalının seyahat acentesinin
kullanıldığı; müşterilerle iletişim stratejilerinde en çok şikâyetleri
dinlemeye önem verildiği; müşteri ilişkileri yönetimi uygulamalarında daha çok
24 saat açık telefon hattı kullanıldığı; kişilik ve mesleki rollerden
güvenilirlik ve kibarlık özelliklerinin daha çok tercih edildiği; en çok
müşteri istek formlarıyla istek ve şikâyetlerini öğrenme yönteminin
kullanıldığı; müşteri şikâyetlerini önlemede kolay ulaşılabilme ve şikâyetleri
sabırla dinleme hususlarında yeterlilik gösterildiği saptanmıştır.
BİLGİ YÖNETİM YETENEĞİ VE GİRİŞİMCİLİK STRATEJİSİ GELİŞTİRME YETENEĞİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ
Authors: TUFAN Cenk , YAŞAR UĞURLU Özlem
Published: May 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı organizasyonlarda bilgi yönetim yeteneği
ve girişimcilik stratejisi geliştirme yeteneği arasındaki ilişkiyi
araştırmaktır. Türkiye’deki mevcut ve faal durumda olan 18 serbest bölgedeki
üretim, patent ve Ar-Ge çalışması yapan inovatif-girişimci işletmeler bu
çalışmanın evrenini oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmaya katılan işletmelere mail
yoluyla anket gönderilmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemini oluşturan 206 işletmeden
elde edilen verilere LISREL 8.8. programı kullanılarak yol analizi yapılmıştır.
Tanımlayıcı istatistikler ile araştırmada kullanılan ölçeklerin güvenirlik
analizlerinde SPSS 20.0 programından yararlanılmıştır. Yol analizi sonucunda,
organizasyonlarda bilgi yönetim yetenekleri ve girişimcilik stratejisi
geliştirme yeteneği arasındaki ilişki ampirik olarak kanıtlanmıştır.
CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF QUALITY OF LIFE AND HUMAN NEEDS THEORIES FROM AN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE
Authors: SEVER Melih
Published: May 2019

This paper asserts that universalisation of human needs and quality of life requirements fail to serve to enhance the lives of millions in third world countries and also asserts the idea that what people need and want can be determined by those who are in need least. An Islamic perspective of wellbeing theories in the light of Islam’s fundamental resources are discussed throughout the paper which states that basic needs should be first met and even distribution of wealth before gross domestic product per capita should be established across globe. In this sense, it has been argued that the even distribution of resources and basic human needs, such as housing, food and safety, may change under certain conditions for the sake of people's beliefs and cultural values, and it is emphasized that it is almost impossible to consider these concepts to be independent of values and beliefs.
KATILIM BANKASI ÇALIŞANLARININ İŞTEN AYRILMA NEDENLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: CANBAZ Muhammet Fatih
Published: May 2019

Katılım bankalarında çalışan personelin geleneksel
bankacılık personeline kıyasla dini duyarlılığının yüksek olduğu varsayılmakta
ve kamuoyunda bu bankalarda çalışarak ayrılanların dini hassasiyetler nedeniyle
ayrıldığı gibi bir kanaat gözlenmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, katılım
bankalarında çalışmış ve ayrılmış personelin ayrılma nedenlerini tespit etmek,
ayrılmalarını etkileyen temel faktörleri belirlemek ve dini tutum düzeylerinin
ayrılma kararı üzerinde etkisi olup olmadığını araştırmaktır. Bu amaçla, farklı
şehirlerden katılım bankası eski çalışanlarına yönelik anket ile veri
toplanmıştır. Yapılan faktör analizi sonucunda ayrılmayı etkileyen temel
faktörlerin; özlük haklarının yetersizliği, yöneticilerden kaynaklanan
nedenler, sosyal çevre kaynaklı nedenler, İslami hassasiyet, gelecekle ilgili
beklentiler, iş ile ilgili nedenler, iş tatmini, kişisel nedenler ve diğer
nedenler olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda katılım bankası eski
çalışanlarınını dini tutum düzeyinin yüksek olduğu ancak bu tutumun ayrılma
kararıyla ilişkili olmadığı tespit edilmiştir.
YATIRIM ARACI SEÇİMİNDE KENDİNE AŞIRI GÜVEN VE CİNSİYETİN ROLÜ: ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: TEKİN Bilgehan
Published: May 2019

Bu çalışmada özellikle
davranışsal finans disiplininde üzerinde oldukça sık durulan kendine aşırı
güven davranışsal önyargısının, bireylerin belli başlı yatırım araçları
arasından yaptıkları tercihler üzerindeki rolü ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır.
Çalışmada ayrıca bireylerin cinsiyetinin kendine aşırı güven düzeyleri ile
ilişkisine ve yatırım aracı tercihi üzerindeki etkisine de değinilmiştir. Bu
amaçla hazırlanan anket toplam 272 İ.İ.B.F. öğrencisine uygulanmıştır. Toplanan
veriler üzerinden parametrik ve parametrik olmayan hipotez testi yöntemleri ile
analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak kendine aşırı güvenin erkeklerde
kadınlara oranla daha fazla olduğu ve cinsiyetin yatırım aracı tercihinde
belirleyici bir unsur olduğu sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır. Bununla birlikte bu
çalışma kapsamında yatırım aracı tercihinin kendine aşırı güven ile bir
ilişkisinin olduğu yönünde bir bulguya rastlanmamıştır.
BRICS EKONOMİLERİNDE TOPLAM FAKTÖR VERİMLİLİĞİ İLE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME İLİŞKİSİNİN PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ: 2000-2016 DÖNEMİ
Authors: ALANCIOĞLU Erdal , ŞİT Mustafa
Published: May 2019

Bu çalışmada yükselen yıldızlar olarak
görülen BRICS (Brezilya, Rusya, Hindistan, Çin, Güney Afrika) ekonomileri için
TFV ile ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi araştırılmıştır. Uygulamada2000-2016 dönemi için TFV ile
ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi panel veri analizi yöntemiyle araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada ilgili ülkelerin TFV ve
GSYİH arasındaki uzun dönemli ilişki Homojenlik(delta) testi ve ülkelerin yatay
kesit bağımlılığını dikkate alan Westerlund (2007) LM Bootstrapt eşbütünleşme
testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Bu yönüyle çalışma, mevcut literatürde henüz tam
olarak araştırılmayan gelişmekte olan BRICS ekonomilerinin büyüme kaynaklarının
daha iyi anlaşılmasına katkıda bulunmaktadır. Analiz
bulgularına göre, değişkenler arasında uzun dönemli bir ilişki tespit
edilmiştir.Çalışmanın
bulguları, BRICS ekonomilerinde ekonomik büyümenin kaynağında TFV’nin önemli
bir gösterge olduğunu desteklemektedir.
ENTROPİ YÖNTEMİNE DAYALI CAMELS PERFORMANS DEĞERLENDİRME MODELİ: TÜRK MEVDUAT BANKALARI ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: APAN Mehmet , ÖZTEL Ahmet , CEYHAN İsmail Fatih
Published: May 2019

.Bankaların finansal performanslarını değerlendirmede CAMELS (Capital, Asset, Management, Earnings, Liquidity, Sensitivity)
modeli, oldukça kullanışlı bir modeldir. Bileşenlerin ölçülebilirliği ve
hesaplamaların kolay olması bu modeli yaygın olarak kullanılmasına neden
olmuştur. CAMELS bileşenlerine ve bunların alt kriterlerine ağırlık değerleri
atanması önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Ağırlıkların değişmesinin performans
sıralamasının değişmesine yol açtığı göz önüne alındığında, ağırlıklama önemli
bir sorun oluşturmaktadır. Literatürde ağırlıklama için henüz genel geçerli bir
kural ortaya konulmamıştır. Bu çalışmada, ağırlıklama için objektif bir yöntem
olan Entropi yöntemi önerilmektedir. Böylece, Entropi ağırlıklamaya dayalı yeni
bir CAMELS modeli ortaya koyulmuştur. Uygulama olarak Türkiye’de faaliyet
gösteren sahiplik yapısı açısından mevduat banka gruplarının 2002-2016 dönemi
performansları analiz edilmiştir. Herhangi uzman veya karar verici görüşüne yer
vermeden tamamen objektif bir analiz yapılmıştır. Araştırma döneminde, toplam
CAMELS skorlarına göre KSMB (Kamu Sermayeli Mevduat Bankaları) grubu, ÖSMB
(Özel Sermayeli Mevduat Bankaları) ve YSMB (Yabancı Sermayeli Mevduat Bankaları)
gruplarına göre daha iyi bir finansal performans gösterdikleri tespit
edilmiştir.
KIBRIS SORUNUNA İLİŞKİN ALGILAMANIN KKTC NÜFUS DİNAMİĞİ İÇİNDE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: ÖĞÜN Mehmet Nesip , TATAR Ali
Published: May 2019

16 Ağustos 1960 yılında Kıbrıs Cumhuriyetinin ilan edilmesinin hemen
ardından, 1963 yılında Makarios’un güç ve yetki paylaşımı düzenlemesini iptal
eden anayasal değişiklik teklifi üzerine adada toplumsal olaylar başlamış ve
adayı bölünmeye götüren bu süreç, içinde bulunduğumuz 2018 yılına kadar geçen
sürede henüz bir çözüme kavuşturulamamıştır. Adanın kuzeyinde 15 Kasım 1983
yılında Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti (KKTC) ilan edilmiş ancak Türkiye haricinde
herhangi bir ülke tarafından tanınmamıştır. İzolasyonları sonlandırmak ve
uluslararası sisteme dahil olabilmek için 2004 yılında Annan Planı olarak
bilinen anlaşmaya karşılıklı yapılan halkoylamasında “evet” diyerek, sorunun
çözümü konusunda adım atmış olan KKTC halkına, Kıbrıs Rum Kesimi halkı olumsuz
cevap verince mevcut statüko devam etmek durumunda kalmıştır. Aradan geçen onca
yıla rağmen herhangi bir çözüme ulaşılamamasının KKTC halkı tarafından mevcut
konjönktür içerisinde nasıl değerlendirildiğinin tespit edilmesi araştırmanın
temel amacını oluşturmaktadır. KKTC halkına ait demografik
faktörlerin Kıbrıs sorununa ilişkin tutumlar açısından herhangi bir farklılık
gösterip göstermediğini belirlemek de ikincil amaçlardandır. Bu araştırmada
KKTC’de yaşayan bireylerin Kıbrıs sorununa ilişkin inanç ve tutumları ile
demografik değişkenler arasında farklılık olup olmayacağı ölçümlenmiştir. 1974
öncesi yerleşikler (Kıbrıs kökenliler) ile 1974 sonrası adaya gelenler (Türkiye
kökenliler) temel demografik değişken olarak ele alınmıştır. Kıbrıs sorununa
ilişkin inanç ve tutumların algılanmasında bu iki grup arasında herhangi bir
farklılığın olup olmadığı bu araştırmada cevabı aranan sorulardan biri
olmuştur. Bu çalışmada araştırma yöntemi olarak “ilişkisel tarama metodu”
kullanılmıştır.
MALİ ÖZERKLİK VE MALİ TEVZİN AÇISINDAN YEREL YÖNETİM VERGİ GELİRLERİNİN KİŞİ BAŞI GELİR VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME İLE KARŞILIKLI NEDENSELLİK İLİŞKİSİ: SEÇİLMİŞ OECD ÜYESİ ÜLKELERDE MALİ YERELLEŞME ÜZERİNE BAZI ÇIKARIMLAR
Authors: ESENER Selçuk Çağrı
Published: May 2019

Bu
çalışma, mali desantralizasyon ve iktisadi büyüme arasında herhangi bir
nedensellik ilişkisinin olup olmadığını ve eğer varsa bunun yönünü incelemeyi
amaçlamaktadır. Bilinen teorik ve ampirik literatür mali yerelleşme
süreçlerinin bir şekilde ekonomik performansı olumlu etkileyeceğini varsaysa
dahi ekonomik büyüme değerlerinin mali yerelleşme faaliyetlerini
destekleyebileceğini göz ardı etmiştir. İlgi alanı, yöntemi ve örneklemleri
itibariyle farklı olmayı amaçlayan bu çalışmada, geniş bir teorik altyapı
araştırması sonrasında 18 ülkenin 1991-2015 yılları arasındaki çeyrek asırlık
dönemine ait veri setiyle Bootstrap Panel Granger Nedensellik sınaması
gerçekleştirmiştir. Bulgular, her iki değişkenin de farklı ülkeler için
birbirinin nedeni olabildiğini göstermektedir. Sonuçlara göre, Kanada, Fransa
ve Japonya’da desantralizasyon GSYİH değişkenlerini etkilerken Macaristan,
Polonya ve Avustralya’da ise bunun tersi bir durum söz konusudur. Öte yandan,
çalışmada, iki değişkenin birbirini anlamlı düzeyde etkilemediği tespit edilen
(Türkiye dâhil) ülkelere dair de maliye politikası özelinde birtakım
çıkarsamalar yer almaktadır.
Eagle Ford and Pimienta Shales in Mexico: A Case Study
Authors: Cruz Luque Marcela , Aguilera Roberto
Published: May 2019

Our objective in this paper is to highlight the potential of the Eagle Ford (Cretaceous) and Pimienta (Upper Jurassic) shales in Burgos Basin (Mexico) through a comparison with the Eagle Ford Shale in Texas. The comparison is a case study focused on real data and their interpretation, north and south of the border, including geochemistry, geology, production, and reservoir–engineering data.

Our overall approach includes the description of Eagle Ford data in Texas, as well as Eagle Ford and Pimienta data in the Burgos Basin. The geologic comparison is carried out using cross sections of the various formations and geophysical data. Geochemical and petrophysical data are compared using specialized crossplots. Production data are compared through rate transient analysis and by investigating the different flow periods observed in wells in both sides of the border. Reservoir–engineering aspects are compared using material–balance methods developed specifically for analyzing multipurpose shale petroleum reservoirs.

Results indicate that there are many similarities but also some differences between the Eagle Ford Shale in Texas and shales in Mexico. The geologic and seismic cross sections show that there is continuity of the Eagle Ford on both sides of the border. However, structural geology in Mexico tends to be more complex than that in Texas. The geological and geochemical descriptions also show important similarities in the rock mineralogy, and the quantity, quality, and maturity of the organic matter. Well–log data show the same pattern of distribution on modified Pickett plots, developed originally for evaluation of the Eagle Ford Shale in Texas. Production data in the Burgos Basin shales are characterized by long periods (several months or even years) of transient linear flow, something that compares well with the Eagle Ford in Texas. Specialized material–balance calculations, which consider multiple porosities, have been used in the Eagle Ford Shale in Texas and are shown to have similar application in the Burgos Eagle Ford and Pimienta shales. On the basis of the Eagle Ford Shale performance in Texas, and the similarities with Burgos shales, the conclusion is reached that there is significant potential in the Mexican Eagle Ford and Pimienta shales.

We present a comparison of the interpretation of real geoscience and engineering shale data collected on both sides of the border. The comparison is meaningful and suggests that the potential of shale reservoirs south of the border will be quite significant. Mexico should benefit from the lessons learned from the Texas Eagle Ford Shale.
Experimental Quantification of the Effect of Thermal Maturity of Kerogen on Its Wettability
Authors: Jagadisan Archana , Heidari Zoya
Published: May 2019

Kerogen is often considered to be fully hydrocarbon–wet in reservoir characterization. However, wettability of kerogen is not well–understood and quantified. Thermal maturation induces changes in the chemical structure of kerogen and alters its oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H) content. This process affects the surface properties of kerogen and can influence its wettability. Assumptions made regarding the wettability of kerogen affect the interpretation of borehole geophysical measurements such as electromagnetic measurements. Therefore, it is important to quantify the wettability of kerogen as a function of its thermal maturity. The objectives of this research are to experimentally quantify the wettability of kerogen at different thermal–maturity levels and to quantify the influence of chemical composition of kerogen on its wettability. To achieve these objectives, kerogen was first isolated from organic–rich mudrock samples from two different formations at different thermal–maturity levels. The extracted kerogen samples were then synthetically matured. Variations in the composition and chemical–bonding state of carbon (C) present in kerogen at different levels of natural and synthetic thermal maturity were determined using X–ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The sessile drop method was used to measure the contact angle to quantify the wettability of kerogen. We then investigated the effects of thermal maturity and chemical composition/bonding of kerogen on its wettability.

Kerogen samples from two organic–rich mudrock formations (Formations A and B) were tested, and it was demonstrated experimentally that the wettability of kerogen varies with thermal maturity. Kerogen from Formation A at low thermal maturity formed a 44° air/water–contact angle and 110° air/oil–contact angle. However, at higher thermal maturities (heat treated at 650°C), the air/water–contact angle increased to 122°, and the oil droplet completely spreads on the kerogen sample. The results suggest that kerogen is oleophilic and hydrophobic at high thermal maturity and hydrophilic at low thermal maturity. The air/water–contact angles in kerogen samples were also recorded after the removal of bitumen generated during synthetic maturation of kerogen using chloroform. The air/water–contact angle was shown to increase from 44 to 90° and from 111 to 125° with an increase in thermal maturity in Formations A and B, respectively, in the absence of bitumen. Thus, kerogen becomes hydrophobic with increasing thermal maturity in both the presence and absence of bitumen. The outcomes of this study can potentially improve the formation evaluation of organic–rich mudrocks, in addition to improving our understanding of fluid–flow mechanisms in unconventional reservoirs.
Sepsis-induced damage to endothelial glycocalyx (literature review)
Authors: Ilyina Yana Y. , Fot E. V. , Kuzkov V. V. , Kirov M. Y.
Published: May 2019

Glycocalyx is a gel-like layer covering the surface of vascular endothelial cells. It consists of membrane-attached proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycan chains, glycoproteins, and plasma adhesive proteins. Glycocalyx plays a key role in maintaining vascular homeostasis, controls vascular permeability and the tone of the microvasculature, prevents microvascular thrombosis and regulates leukocyte adhesion. In sepsis and septic shock, damage and shedding of glycocalyx occurs. The degradation of glycocalyx is activated by reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The inflammation-mediated degradation of glycocalyx leads to vascular hyperpermeability, unregulated vasodilation, microvascular thrombosis, and enhanced leukocyte adhesion. The inflammation-mediated degradation of glycocalyx leads to vascular hyperpermeability, unregulated vasodilation, microvascular thrombosis, and enhanced leukocyte adhesion. Clinical studies have demonstrated a correlation between the levels of glycocalyx components in the blood and organ dysfunction and mortality in sepsis and septic shock. Inflammation-induced damage to glycocalyx can cause a number of specific clinical effects of sepsis, including acute kidney damage, respiratory failure and liver dysfunction. Infusion therapy is an integral part of the treatment of sepsis, but super-aggressive infusion load methods (leading to hypervolemia) may increase the degradation of glycocalyx. Moreover, some markers of glycocalyx degradation, such as circulating levels of syndecan 1 or heparan sulfate, can be used as markers of endothelial dysfunction and sepsis severity.
Social and Demographic Characteristics of the Women Focused on Career of Different Type
Authors: Tsaritsentseva O. P. , Chekhovskaya M. N.
Published: May 2019

The article features the phenomenon of career in modern social and economic conditions. The research studied career orientations of the  personality, e.g. its definitions and role in career planning. The  authors proved the relevance of studies in career orientation for  social and professional development of women. The empirical  research involved career orientations of women with inclination to a  certain type of career in the context of their social and demographic characteristics. The authors analyzed such social and  demographic characteristics as age, qualifications, work experience, marital and parental status, occupation, the sphere of  employment, and income level. The research revealed specific  features of women characterized by domination of a certain career  orientation type, i.e. horizontal, vertical, or conditions-oriented. 18– 21-year-old unmarried childless women appeared to be focused on  vertical career, competition, overcoming, difficult tasks, etc. 22–35- year-old mothers were more likely to reveal orientation to the  horizontal type of career planning. Divorcees and widows tended to be conditions-oriented. The obtained data can be used in career guidance.
Concept "Money" in the Context of National Linguocultures
Authors: Zalavina T. Yu. , Derina N. V. , Polyakova L. S. , Yuzhakova Yu. V.
Published: May 2019

This paper presents an analytical review of scientific works devoted to one of the topical studies in cognitive and cultural linguistics, namely, to the concept of "money", which is included in the corpus of basic concepts of European civilization. Concepts as complex mental formations attract special attention of scientists studying the problem of language conceptualization of the person’s environmental world. Language units of different levels are studied in their correlation with the cognitive structure of the concept knowledge. The framework consists of systematization of the majority of existing scientific results of verbal representation, structuring of the concept of "money" in the context of Russian, English, German, and French. A comparative analysis of the ways and means of language representation of the concept "money" in Russian, English, German, and French sets the combination of versatile and specific features that embody the nature of the concept of "money" in these national languages. The obtained scientific findings represent the opportunities of embodiment of general cultural concept of "money" in national linguocultures. The practical value is determined by the fact that the obtained structured scientific data in the specified conceptual field can be used by scientists when developing linguoculturological dictionaries of basic concepts of European culture, as well as in the development of training courses with the dictionaries in question as content database.
A Medieval Repoussage Item from Pankrushikhinskiy District (Altai Krai)
Authors: Kazakov A. A. , Sitnikov S. M.
Published: May 2019

The paper describes a bronze plaque, made in Perm animal style by method of one-side casting. It depicts a rampant winged bear with its paws on the shoulders of a standing man. Being an accidental finding, the plaque comes from the northern regions of the Altai Territory (the village of Vysokaya Griva, Pankrushikhinskiy District). The paper features its composition and plot, which has a complex semantic content. Following other researchers, the authors consider such products a metal reflection of the three-part world structure, characteristic for the peoples at a certain level of social development, and a myth about the origin of the people. A comparative analysis with both neighboring and quite remote areas made it possible to assume that there were different totem animals, ancestors of the major ethnic groups of different Finno-Ugrian peoples. Thus, a bird of prey was the most typical totem animal for the western territories representing a Finnish-speaking population that lived in the European part of Russia. The bird was both the  ancestor and the guardian spirit of the ethnic group. A bear was the totem for the eastern territories of the Finno-Ugrian peoples living in Siberia, in the Asian Russia, that represented the Ugrian-Samoyedic population. It is evidenced by the absence of bears on the plaques with encoded myths about the origin of the kindred in Western European regions, and on the contrary, a practically complete absence of birds on similar plaques in the Asian regions. The finding is published for the first time.
Linguostylistic Means Expressing the Antithesis "Materialism − Moral Values" in John Braine’s Novel "Room at the Top" Exemplified by the Images of Susan Brown and Alice Aisgill
Authors: Kutsevich Yu. A.
Published: May 2019

The study explores the linguostylistic means in John Braine’s novel "Room at the Top" (1957), which enabled the author to show the character’s inner conflict between his craving for wealth and power and his morals, or the conflict of social stereotypes about happiness and authenticity treated in this article as the real self of Joe Lampton. The true self makes itself evident through the contradictions that torture him in the course of his efforts to overcome social barriers and renounce moral values. The research objective was to analyze the interconnection between the expressive means in the novel and the sense they imply. The linguostylistic, motivic, contextual, and definitional analysis revealed that the antithesis "materialism – moral values" is presented in the opposition of the images of two women. Both play a significant role in the main character’s destiny. The antithesis is conveyed with the help of expressive means, such as contextual antonyms, evaluative vocabulary, syntactic parallelism, irony, climax, metaphor, etc. Susan Brown’s image embodies Joe Lampton’s material values, while that of Alice Aisgill personifies his moral values and the gradual loss of his authenticity.
The Naming Principles of Travel Agencies in Voronezh
Authors: Manukovskaya M. A.
Published: May 2019

Naming in advertising has become one of the most ambitious areas of linguistics since it reflects dynamics of the lexical system of the language. It features proper names of goods, services, or business enterprises. An unusual proper name is efficient, noticeable and attractive for customers, it fulfills the advertising function. That is why it is necessary to identify the language principles which are taken into account when choosing proper names of a particular kind of a business enterprise, goods, or services. The present research was based on proper names of enterprises that offer tourism services in Voronezh. The naming units were obtained by direct observation, from the Internet, local newspapers, and magazines. The total number of collected examples included about 200 units. The study proved that language means for this type of nominations correspond with the nominative triad "seller / producer – product / service – buyer". In addition, some local territorial peculiarities were observed in the proper names of travel agencies.
Structure, Functions, and Level of Sexual Maturity in Female Undergraduates
Authors: Aizman N. I.
Published: May 2019

The paper provides a brief analysis of the literature on the structure and functions of sexuality and the problems of its formation in undergraduate girls. The research featured 196 first and fifth year female students, age 17–22, that majored in pedagogical studies. The study involved a set of standardized test methods, e. g. R. Кеttell’s multifactorial personality method, Wiesbaden questionnaire, S. Bem’s Study of Personality Masculinity and Femininity, Ch. D. Spilberger and Yu. L. Khanin’s Evaluation of Reactive and Personal Anxiety, D. Russell and M. Ferguson’s Diagnostics of the Level of Subjective Feeling of Loneliness, methods of gender identity studies, M. Kuhn and T. McPartlend’s "Who am I?" test as modified by T. V. Rumyantseva, and the Scale of Basic Beliefs by R. Yanoff-Bulman. The statistical analysis of the results allowed the authors to build a structural and functional model of female sexuality, as well as to describe its components, functions, and informative characteristics. The factor analysis revealed that female sexuality includes five main components: family relations, cognitive, bodily, emotional and existential. Each of the components contributes to the overall structure and has a specific content and function. The authors developed criteria for diagnosing the levels of formation of female sexuality as low, medium and high. With age, the level of sexuality in all selected components increased, which might be associated with the presence of more experience in establishing intimate relationships and family orientation. Most respondents demonstrated diffuse gender identity accompanied by high androgyny as a variant of sex-role behavior. The study also revealed the effect of personal characteristics on the psychological content of the various components of sexuality. The obtained data determined the need for focused effort on the formation of femininity.
Evaluation of role of chest physical therapy in thoracic surgery
Authors: Nabi Muhammad Shoaib , Cheema Saeed Ashraf , Raza Hammad , Khalid. Mona
Published: May 2019

Study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of post operative chest physiotherapy in cases of thoracic surgery. Eighty patients who underwent various surgical procedures were divided into two groups: one where adequate physiotherapy was carried out and the other where adequate physiotherapy could not be carried out. It was found that rate of postoperative complications was double in the group where chest physiotherapy could not be carried out due to any reasons.
Microscopic changes induced by Cr-Vi in spleen of albino mice
Authors: Nabeel Hafsah , Nasim Mamoona , Jafri Farhana
Published: May 2019

Chromium is believed to be an essential trace element in human nutrition. Evidence suggests that it plays an important role in normal carbohydrate metabolism. It was found that patients receiving long-term total parenteral nutrition (TPN) without chromium developed glucose intolerance, weight loss and peripheral neuropathy Chromium is present in a normal diet at trace (but essential) levels. Occupational exposure is related to the industrial uses of chrome compounds in production and use of steels, pigments, leather tanning and wood preservation solutions, plating chemicals, and cement. Toxicity is predominantly associated with industrial exposures. Hexavalent chromium compounds appear to have greatest toxicity and almost all tissues of body are affected. To evaluate the effects on lymphoid tissue, present study was carried out. The mice of experimental group (2wks, 4wks, 6wks and 8wks) were injected Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) intraperitoneally according to experimental design. The drug caused slight to marked hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles and dilatation of sinuses of red pulp depending upon duration of exposure. Aggregates of hemosidrin-laden macrophages were also seen indicating heamolytic effects on RBCs.
Biocomercio y sostenibilidad: análisis en torno a las materias primas de las artesanías en Colombia
Authors: Casas Luisa Fernanda , Lozano Alejandro
Published: May 2019

Las artesanías colombianas han alcanzado un punto alto en su comercialización, llegando a todo tipo de mercados e incluso posicionándose como producto decorativo de estatus; sin embargo, muchos son los vacíos y carencias que se dan en el sector artesanal. Un gran porcentaje de oficios artesanales del país emplea fibras de plantas silvestres y cultivadas como fuentes de materia prima, existiendo problemáticas ambientales asociadas a esta actividad, acompañadas de conflictos sociales y económicos de igual o mayor magnitud. En este artículo se analiza la labor artesanal bajo la mirada del Biocomercio y la Sostenibilidad; los cuales están enmarcados dentro de la Economía Verde, concepto de uso global que contempla una perspectiva balanceada entre el desarrollo social, ambiental y económico. Como eje de discusión central se tomaron los casos de los oficios artesanales de tejeduría en caña flecha (Gynerium sagitatum (Aubl.) P.Beauv), cestería en esparto (Juncus ramboi Barros), tejeduría en wérregue (Astrocaryum standleyanum L.H.Bailey), aplicación en tamo y cestería en rollo de Guacamayas. Los métodos empleados para el levantamiento y análisis de la información correspondieron al planteamiento de una investigación cualitativa, basada en los principios de la etnografía, desarrollada con herramientas como entrevistas semiestructuradas, recorridos de campo, jornadas de observación participativa y mesas de trabajo entre los investigadores. A lo largo del texto evidenciamos y analizamos de forma integral algunos conflictos relacionados con las materias primas en los oficios artesanales como: falta de visibilidad de cultivadores y recolectores, déficit en el abastecimiento y baja calidad de materia prima, presencia de cuellos de botella en la producción artesanal, falta de legalidad, ausencia de manejo sostenible, carencia de pagos justos y escaso fortalecimiento a recolectores y cultivadores de materias primas, entre otros
Insectos depredadores y parasitoides asociados al cultivo de soya (Glycine max L. Merrill, 1917), en el distrito Arquitecto Tomás Romero Pereira, Itapúa, Paraguay
Authors: Stepin-Sytnik Erika Viviana , Garay–Villalba María Cristina , Maidana–Ojeda Marco , Cabral–Antúnez Claudia
Published: May 2019

En parcelas comerciales de soya (Glycine max L. Merrill), del Distrito Arq. Tomás Romero Pereira, Departamento de Itapúa, Paraguay, se recolectaron insectos predadores y parasitoides asociados al cultivo. El trampeo de los insectos fue realizado en dos estratos; las trampas se colocaron a 100 cm de altura del suelo y directamente en el suelo. En zafra normal la recolecta se realizó a partir de octubre de 2016 a marzo de 2017,  mientras que en la zafra tardía abarcó desde el mes de febrero de 2017 a junio de 2017. Los insectos recolectados fueron separados, identificados, cuantificados y ordenados a nivel de orden y familia. En zafra normal se recolectaron un total de 257 insectos predadores y parasitoides, determinados en 7 órdenes, 92 especímenes de Coleoptera, 75 de Hemiptera, 48 de Diptera, 35 de Hymenoptera, 4 de Neuroptera, 2 de Odonata, y 1 de Dermaptera; y en zafra tardía se recolectaron 1 692 insectos, distribuidos en 4 órdenes, 855 especímenes Diptera, 553 Coleoptero, 245 de Hemiptera y 39 de Hymenoptera
The Role of the Status of Selected Micronutrients in Shaping the Immune Function
Authors: Elmadfa Ibrahim , Meyer Alexa L.
Published: May 2019

Objective:

This narrative review gives an overview on the essential role of adequate nutrition
to an optimally functioning immune defence. Micronutrients act as regulators of the immune response,
with the focus of this review on the immunomodulatory effects of the trace elements iron, zinc
and selenium, and the vitamins A, D, E, C, B6 and B12 and folic acid.

Results:

Iron deficiency especially impairs the Th1 cell-borne cellular immunity. T lymphocytes are
also most affected by a deficiency of zinc, needed for their maturation and the balance between the
different T cell subpopulations and acting as a redox signal in the regulation of many enzymes. Selenium
is also involved in redox reactions as the glutathione peroxidases and other redox enzymes are
selenoproteins. Selenium status has shown special effects on cellular immunity and resistance to viral
infections.

:

Vitamin A in the form of retinoic acid induces a humoral Th2 cell response via antigen-presenting cells
and is involved in maintaining intestinal immune defence and tolerance through its nuclear receptor
RAR and via kinase signalling cascades. Immune tolerance is particularly promoted by vitamin D acting
through dendritic cells to stimulate the differentiation of regulatory T cells. Vitamin E has antiinflammatory
effects and stimulates naïve T cells especially in the elderly. Besides its antioxidative
properties, vitamin C has effects on cell signalling and epigenetic regulation. The B vitamins are required
for cytotoxic cellular immunity and modulateT cell responses.

:

A diverse diet and regular exposure to sunlight are the best sources for a balanced nutrient
supply to maintain an optimal immune defence.