bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring factors within an introductory course that influence students’ perception of chemistry
Authors: Glenn Courtney D. , Odeleye Oluwatobi O.
Published: March 2024

A large number of students across the globe each year enroll in general chemistry courses as an academic requirement to obtain their degree. Although many take chemistry courses, it is not a subject sought out by many as a potential career. In some instances, chemistry hinders students from achieving their career goals. A plethora of chemical education research has focused on improving student attitude, self-efficacy, and motivation to enhance academic performance and retention in chemistry. However, only a few reports focus on the factors that affect student perception and self-efficacy towards chemistry. These factors are important as they can help us implement targeted interventions to improve perceptions and self-efficacy as we seek to increase diversity in STEM fields. In this research study, the most influential factors that affect a student's perception of chemistry are uncovered, and whether these factors are related to gender identity, letter grade, or pursuit of chemistry as a career. For our study population, the course instructor and course structure are the two most influential factors in a student's perception of chemistry. In addition, academically low-achieving students (i.e., students who earned Cs or lower in a course) are more likely to list the course structure as an influential factor, and high-achieving students (i.e., students who earned Bs or higher in a course) are more likely to select the course instructor as an influential factor. The majority (66%) of students who selected the course instructor as an influential factor believed that they would perform well in future chemistry courses, while 47% of those who selected the course structure had the same belief in their future chemistry performance. Overall, less than 11% of the study population (51 of 447 students) were interested in pursuing chemistry as a career after completing CHEM 1. However, the answer to increasing the number of chemistry majors could be held within course design and teaching pedagogy. This research study seeks to highlight the relationship between gender and letter grade with factors that influence perception of chemistry, and we hope the results can guide instructors as they consider course structure and teaching pedagogy.
Analysis of organic chemistry students’ developing reasoning elicited by a scaffolded case comparison activity
Authors: Haas Daisy B. , Watts Field M. , Dood Amber J. , Shultz Ginger V.
Published: March 2024

Recent efforts in organic chemistry education research focus on investigating activities and strategies designed to elicit students’ mechanistic reasoning. This study investigates how a scaffolded case comparison activity implemented in an introductory organic chemistry course elicits and supports students’ mechanistic reasoning in an authentic classroom setting. The activity included an adaptation of a previously reported reasoning scaffold to support small-group student discussions comparing organic reactions. We analyzed students’ written responses to the in-class activity using Hammer's resources framework and Toulmin's argumentation model, interwoven to create an anti-deficit approach to exploring students’ developing reasoning. The analysis of students’ written artifacts sought to identify ways in which a scaffolded case comparison implemented in a collaborative class setting may support students’ engagement in complex reasoning and argumentation development. We found that the in-class activity elicited students’ writing about various aspects of mechanistic reasoning, including identifying explicit and implicit properties, dynamic reasoning, and multivariate reasoning. These findings indicate that the activity can engage students in complex mechanistic reasoning aspects in the classroom setting. Furthermore, this study extends the literature by detailing the nuances of students’ developing causal reasoning with energetic and electrostatic accounts as shown in their writing. The results highlight students’ emerging causal reasoning with varying levels of complexity and conceptual integration. This study provides direct implications for instructors seeking to implement similar classroom activities. The findings indicate directions for future research on the development of instructional activities and tools that further support students’ developing causal reasoning, such as adapting existing scaffolding structures to support argumentation development and the integration of challenging concepts such as energetics.
All-visible-light-driven stiff-stilbene photoswitches
Authors: Xu Fan , Sheng Jinyu , Stindt Charlotte N. , Crespi Stefano , Danowski Wojciech , Hilbers Michiel F. , Buma Wybren Jan , Feringa Ben L.
Published: March 2024

This work outlines a simple synthetic strategy providing formylated stiff-stilbenes. The photoisomerization of formylated stiff-stilbenes could be fully controlled using visible light and is accompanied by a high photostationary state distribution.
Can self-propelled objects escape from compression stimulation?
Authors: Yoshikai Masaki , Matsuo Muneyuki , Suematsu Nobuhiko J. , Nishimori Hiraku , Nakata Satoshi
Published: March 2024

We studied circular papers impregnated with camphor (CPs) and CPs with magnets (MCPs) as self-propelled objects floating on water under the compression of the water surface as an inanimate system for evacuation in an emergency.
Phosphate-based phosphor for the urban mining of lanthanides: a case study of samarium
Authors: Chen Yonglin , Wu Haoyi , Hu Yihua
Published: March 2024

The rare earth ions in NaBaPO4:Sm3+ were recovered by phosphoric acid leaching and prepared into glass samples.
Promoting overall sulfur redox kinetics for Li–S batteries via interfacial synergy in a NiS–NiTe2 heterostructure-modified separator
Authors: Xie Jie , Cheng Feng , Chen Ruoyu , Jin Zhong , Sun Lin
Published: March 2024

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have garnered significant attention as a promising alternative to conventional lithium-ion batteries due to their high theoretical energy density.
Highly stretchable GR/TPU strain sensor based on one-step electrospun fibrous yarns for wearable devices
Authors: Xing Lei , Li Linze , Liu Yu , Ren Junyi , Guo Guilei , Chen Yifan , Zheng Yu , Sun Bin
Published: March 2024

A highly stretchable GR/TPU strain sensor is fabricated based on one-step electrospun fibrous yarns for wearable devices.
Inverse design of experimentally synthesizable crystal structures by leveraging computational and experimental data
Authors: Qin Chenglong , Liu Jinde , Ma Shiyin , Du Jiguang , Jiang Gang , Zhao Liang
Published: March 2024

A novel collaborative approach was proposed for crystal structure prediction that utilizes advanced deep learning models and optimization algorithms combined with experimental data.
Improved effectiveness of X-PDT against human triple-negative breast cancer cells through the use of liposomes co-loaded with protoporphyrin IX and perfluorooctyl bromide
Authors: Yang Biyao , Sang Rui , Li Yi , Goldys Ewa M. , Deng Wei
Published: March 2024

Enhanced X-PDT against TNBC by using PPIX&PFOB co-loaded liposomes.
Pro-endothelialization of nitinol alloy cardiovascular stents enhanced by the programmed assembly of exosomes and endothelial affinity peptide
Authors: Li Linsen , Yu Yue , Sun Xiaoqing , Wang Xingyou , Yang Xiayan , Yu Qifeng , Kang Ke , Wu Yao , Yi Qiangying
Published: March 2024

The programmed assembly of exosomes/REDV interface on nitinol surfaces by the layer-by-layer assembly technology and click-chemistry, exhibiting excellent anticoagulant and early endothelialization properties.
Engineered spectrally selective and spatially segmented emittances for infrared camouflage textiles
Authors: Huang Xuemei , Chen Qixiang , Huang Jinhua , Cheng Jie , Zhang Jiaping , Xu Hua , Wang Ke , Lv Hongyu , Wang Yunzhe , Song Weijie , Lu Yuehui
Published: March 2024

D-SET not only achieves effective IR camouflage but also dissipates human body heat through radiative cooling, ensuring thermal comfort, while maintaining excellent durability and breathability. IRC-SET enables IR camouflage in complex backgrounds.
The application of single-molecule optical tweezers to study disease-related structural dynamics in RNA
Authors: Marinus Tycho , Foster Toshana L. , Tych Katarzyna M.
Published: March 2024

RNA, a dynamic and flexible molecule with intricate three-dimensional structures, has myriad functions in disease development. Traditional methods, such as X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance, face limitations in capturing real-time, single-molecule dynamics crucial for understanding RNA function. This review explores the transformative potential of single-molecule force spectroscopy using optical tweezers, showcasing its capability to directly probe time-dependent structural rearrangements of individual RNA molecules. Optical tweezers offer versatility in exploring diverse conditions, with the potential to provide insights into how environmental changes, ligands and RNA-binding proteins impact RNA behaviour. By enabling real-time observations of large-scale structural dynamics, optical tweezers emerge as an invaluable tool for advancing our comprehension of RNA structure and function. Here, we showcase their application in elucidating the dynamics of RNA elements in virology, such as the pseudoknot governing ribosomal frameshifting in SARS-CoV-2.
A feature‐enhanced hybrid attention network for traffic sign recognition in real scenes
Authors: He Lewei , Lan Fucai , Zhou Chuanzhe , Ye Yaoguang , Zhang Wencong , Chen Bingzhi , Pan Jiahui
Published: March 2024

Currently, traffic sign recognition techniques have been brought into the assistive driving of automobiles. However, small traffic sign recognition in real scenes is still a challenging task due to the class imbalance issue and the size limit of the traffic signs. To address the above issues, a feature‐enhanced hybrid attention network is proposed based on YOLOv5s for a small, fast, and accurate traffic sign detector. First, a series of online data augmentation strategies are designed in the preprocessing module for the model training. Second, the hybrid channel and spatial attention module CSAM are integrated into the backbone for a better feature extraction ability. Third, the channel attention module CAM is used in the detection head for a more efficient feature fusion ability. To validate the approach, extensive experiments are conducted based on the Tsinghua‐Tencent 100K dataset. It is found that the novel method achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance with only negligible increases in the model parameter and computational overhead. Specifically, the , parameters, and FLOPs are 85.8%, 7.13 M, and 16.1 G, respectively.
Vertical and radial distribution of atomic carbon in HD 163296
Authors: Urbina F. , Miley J. , Kama M. , Keyte L.
Published: March 2024

Context. In protoplanetary disks, atomic carbon is expected to originate from the photo dissociation region at the disk surface where CO is dissociated by ultraviolet (UV) photons coming from the stellar, or external interstellar, radiation field. Even though atomic carbon has been detected in several protoplanetary disks, there is a lack of spatially resolved observations of it.

Aims. For the HD 163296 protoplanetary disk, we aim to obtain both the radial and vertical structure of [CI] = 3P1 − 3P0 line emission and perform the first direct comparison of this tracer with the optically thick line emission 12CO J = 2 − 1.

Methods. We used archival ALMA data for [CI] = 3P1 − 3P0 and previously published12 CO J = 2 − 1 data in HD 163296. Through the disksurf software, we extracted the vertical structure; meanwhile, we obtained the radial profiles directly from imaging. Brand new DALI modeling was employed to perform a direct comparison with the data.

Results. We find that these tracers are colocated radially but not vertically, where the 12CO J = 2 − 1 emission is, on average, located at higher altitudes, as is also the case for other tracers in the same disk.

Conclusions. Due to this difference in the vertical height of the emission, the optically thick 12CO J = 2 − 1 emission line appears to trace the highest altitudes, despite the expected formation mechanism of [CI] in the disk. The latter phenomena may be due to efficient mixing of the upper layers of the disk, or UV photons penetrating deeper than we expected.
Non-evolutionary effects on period change in Magellanic Cepheids
Authors: Rathour Rajeev Singh , Hajdu Gergely , Smolec Radosław , Karczmarek Paulina , Hocdé Vincent , Ziółkowska Oliwia , Soszyński Igor , Udalski Andrzej
Published: March 2024

Context. Period change studies offer a novel way to probe the evolution and dynamics of Cepheids. While evolutionary period changes have been well studied both observationally and theoretically, non-evolutionary period changes lack a systematic and quantitative description. Here, we deal with one such aspect of non-evolutionary period changes related to a crucial property, namely, the binarity-based nature of a Cepheid. With the advent of long-term photometry surveys covering Magellanic fields, the census of classical Cepheids in binary (or multiple) systems outside the Milky Way is timely. This may have implications for crucial aspects such as the period-luminosity relationship calibrations and our understanding of the nature of Cepheid companions.

Aims. The overall objective is to have a quantitative understanding of the full picture of non-evolutionary period changes in Cepheids to develop a formalism to disentangle it from the secular evolutionary period change. In the first paper in the series, we aim to conduct a systematic search for non-evolutionary period changes to look for Cepheids in likely binary configurations and quantify their incidence rates in the Magellanic Clouds.

Methods. We collected more than a decade-long time-series photometry from the publicly available, Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) survey, with more than 7200 Cepheids altogether from the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). Our sample contains both fundamental-mode and first-overtone mode Cepheids. Then, we calculate d the observed minus calculated (O–C) diagrams to reveal the light-travel time effect (LTTE). Finally, we calculated the minimum companion masses of the Cepheids and compared them with the predictions from Cepheid population synthesis results.

Results. In our search, out of an overall sample of more than 7200 Cepheids, we found 52 candidate Cepheid binary systems in the LMC (30 fundamental and 22 first-overtone mode) and 145 in the SMC (85 fundamental and 60 first-overtone mode). The majority of the sample is characterized by orbital periods of 2000–4000 d and eccentricities of 0.2–0.5. Moreover, we report two candidates in each galaxy with the Cepheid likely existing with a giant companion. The incidence rate ratio for SMC to LMC calculated from our sample is in agreement with binary Cepheid population synthesis predictions.

Conclusions. In our attempt to quantify the non-evolutionary period change connected with the LTTE, our systematic search has enriched the Cepheid binary sample by a factor of about 2 in both galaxies. The future spectroscopic follow-up can confirm the binarity nature of our sample and constrain the orbital parameters.
Improving the composition of mare’s milk as a raw material for specialized products
Authors: Mironova Irina V. , Slinkin Artem А. , Kanareikina Svetlana G. , Salihov Azat R. , Khabibullin Ilmir M.
Published: March 2024

This article presents research data conducted to improve the composition of mare’s milk as a safe raw material for food production. The problem of producing specialized products is very acute and requires a solution. The Republic of Bashkortostan, as a region of developed dairy horse breeding, is a leading region in the production of mare’s milk. This raw material is promising for the production of new types of food. To develop technology for new types of milk-based nutrition, it is necessary to improve the composition of this raw material by introducing additives containing microelements into the diet of mares. We propose the use of Sel-Plex additive, containing selenium in organic form. The following were determined: the selenium content in mare’s milk, the physicochemical composition of milk, the vitamin composition of milk, as well as the content of heavy metals. The findings indicate an improvement in the quality of mare’s milk and the possibility of creating new types of specialized products based on it, including for nutrition of athletes. To increase the nutritional properties of mare’s milk, it is recommended to use the selenium-containing additive Sel-Plex in its production at a rate of 1 g. per 100 kg of live weight.
The effectiveness of using probiotics, their effect on growth and chemical composition of broiler chicken meat
Authors: Boysinova Nasiba , Ibragimov Furkat , Yunusov Khudaynazar , Achilov Odil , Rasulov Utkir
Published: March 2024

The article illustrates the effect of low-quality feed on growth of broiler chickens, as well as on quality parameters of meat. The production of economical and environmentally quality poultry products has an importance role on ensuring the country’s food security. the need for the Development of alternative drugs and their implementation in veterinary practice is increasing because developed countries are abandoning the use of chemicals and antibiotics. The important role plays using of biologically active additives created in recent years, especially new generation probiotics. In our research determined the advantage influence of probiotic consisting of several living bacteria, on physiological processes in the body of broiler chickens, as well as a significant change in quality parameters of meat. Poultry meat differ from other animals’ meat with chemical characteristics and easy digestibility on human organism and considers like a best source of important nutrients.
Cell cycles with telomerase synthesis for increases productivity farm animals
Authors: Borisova Veronika , Borisov Sergey
Published: March 2024

The article considers the work of cells with infinite cycles. These cells are also capable of synthesizing telomerase with reverse transcriptase, which lengthens telomeres. Telomere lengthening leads to improved cell repair, as it is related to the telomeres length, indicating the period lived by the part of the cell cycle to which this cell belongs. The cells live longer when they are better regenerated. For measurements long of cell cycles, under telomeres are special genes of apoptosis. They orient apoptosis to long of telomere. With help of telomere, ВNA not sticks together at division and cancer not start. So cell’s mechanism of aging use for solutions problems with possible cancer tumors. These cells also cannot terminate the cycle with group apoptosis after reaching the Hayflick limit of 50 cell-divisions, which is needed to reduce the risk of developing cancerous tumours.
Visual diagnosis of internal tumors of dogs and cats in Samarkand
Authors: Yulchiyev Jasurbek , Norboyev Kurbon , Mirzayev Tursun
Published: March 2024

In this article, is provided the importance and effectivity using visual diagnostic methods in the practice of veterinary oncology for the purpose of early diagnosis and treatment of tumors as ultrasound and X-ray and also blood morphological biochemical parameters in 15 dogs with oncological diseases of internal organs in the of canine service dogs and 2 cats belonging to the population of Samarkand region. During the research, 55 service dogs, 110 dogs under the care of the population in the regions of Samarkand and Tashkent and 123 street dogs a total of 288 dogs, as well as the clinic of the “Veterinary Surgery and Obstetrics” Department of the SamSUVM and Specialization of veterinary clinic of the National Cynology Center of Custom service in Tashkent. As a result of clinical and visual diagnosis of 56 heads of population brought to the veterinary clinic, 15 (5.3%) dogs and 2 (3.6%) cats had problems related to tumors located in various internal organs. Tumors identified were uterine and ovarian tumors in 6 (40%) dogs and 2 cats (100%), vaginal tumors in 3 (20%), liver tumors in 2 (13.3%), 1 (6.69%) tumor in stomach, 1 (6.69 %) esophagus, 2 (13.3 %) intestinal tumors were determinated.
Strategy of the genome of viruses and bacteria and problems of immune prevention in industrial poultry farming
Authors: Ruzikulov Rakhmatullo , Mirsaidova Ra’no , Abdullayev Shukhrat
Published: March 2024

The article argues that the use of the phenomena of immunological resonance and the vaccine function of pathogenic bacteria inactivated by antibiotics multiple times increases the effectiveness of immunoprophylactic measures in industrial poultry farming. The timing of revaccinations has been established to ensure synchronization of the immunogenic effect of the vaccine antigen and anti-idiotypes of immunoglobulins of different classes. We also consider the process of pinocytosis as nonspecific phagocytosis.
Improving and determining the nutritional technology of minor fish products
Authors: Ishniyazova Shakhista , Muminov Najmiddin , Saidmuradova Zuxra , Yusupov Shuxrat
Published: March 2024

The work provides basic information about the functional properties of fish culinary products developed on the basis of fresh pike perch and catfish with the addition of powders of plant origin: Jerusalem artichoke flour. Suggestions and recommendations are given for determining the nutritional value of minced fish products by improving the technology for preparing fish cutlets. The effect of herbal supplements from Jerusalem artichoke on the functional and technological characteristics of minced fish cutlets. The nutritional value, amino acid composition of finished products prepared on the basis of fish raw materials with the addition of Jerusalem artichoke powder, flavoring additives and vegetable raw materials were studied. Developments have been developed to introduce new specialized dietary products enriched with high-quality natural food additives. The list of ingredients with immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties and the possibility of their use in the preparation of specialized fish culinary products for rational and specialized nutrition are substantiated.
Atmospheric air pollution of a mining town in the Kuzbass region by toxic metals
Authors: Rogova Natalia , Rizhakova Nadezhda , Pokrovskaya Elena , Tatarincheva Maria , Tailasheva Ksenia
Published: March 2024

The paper analyses the results of active biomonitoring of atmospheric air pollution in the mining town of the Kuzbass region by the most toxic metals. The epiphytic moss Pylaisia polyantha (Hedw.) B. S. G. was used as a bioindicators; determination of metal content in moss samples was carried out using neutron activation analysis and atomic emission spectrometry methods. Based on the results of the study, spatial distributions for pollution levels of the most toxic metals were plotted and their sources were identified.
The Benefits of Processed Purple Sweet Potato(Ipomoea batatas L. poir)in Increasing Nutritional Intake
Authors: Rahmawati Dina , Bukhari Agussalim , Usman Andi Nilawati , Hadju Veni , Mahmud Hafsa Amir , Stang
Published: March 2024

Purple sweet potato is a vine that grows a lot in Indonesia and is used in various local food preparations because it contains high nutrients. Objective: to review the benefits of various processed foods from purple sweet potatoes in increasing nutritional intake. Method: a literature review of published articles from Science Direct, PubMed, Neliti, and Google Scholar, with 25 shortlisted articles. Purple sweet potatoes contain nutrients that can replenish daily energy sources such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Other ingredients include high anthocyanins, fiber, vitamins A, B12, and C, and minerals; Ca, Fe, Mg, K, and Zn. Purple sweet potatoes are used for traditional and modern food preparations. Some of these processed foods are biscuits, sponges, brownies, snack bars, fit bars, noodles, waffles, flaky cracers, pasta, croquettes, and MP-ASI. Conclusion: the benefits of processed purple sweet potato foods in various forms contribute to adequate nutritional intake, the importance of a good processing process, because the heat process will affect its nutritional content.
Exploring the Utilization of Fungi in Indonesian Traditional Foods: A review
Authors: Oktavia Adila , Zainal  , Djalal Muspirah , Hidayat Serli Hatul , Azkiyah Meysi
Published: March 2024

This review focus on examining the significant role of fungi in Indonesian traditional cuisine. It explores how molds, specifically Rhizopus sp. and Aspergillus sp., contribute to the fermentation, preservation, and flavour enhancement of typical Indonesian dishes like tempeh, Oncom, and tape. Beyond their culinary utility, this study delves into the cultural importance of mold-based food traditions, tracing their historical origins and continued prevalence in Indonesian households. Furthermore, the review discusses the nutritional and potential health benefits associated with mold-fermented foods within the Indonesian dietary context. It also addresses the challenges and future prospects of utilizing mold microorganisms in traditional food preparation, highlighting opportunities for ongoing research and innovation. This analysis underscores the enduring and intricate relationship between fungi and Indonesian food, showcasing their influence on the nation's culinary heritage and identity.
A review of the utilization of modified flour: Local food potential
Authors: Aulia Arifin Hinaya , Nur Faidah Rahman Andi , Primi Putri Tuflikha
Published: March 2024

Indonesia's wheat imports reached 11.22 million tons of wheat, ranked second in the world based on data from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) in 2021/2022. Wheat flour, which comes from wheat endosperm and has a high gluten content, is a taboo for those with celiac disease. The purpose of this review is to examine the development and potential of local food through flour modification to reduce the use of gluten, especially in food products such as bread, biscuits and noodles. Flour modification with chemical modification, physical modification, and biological modification technology methods can improve the characteristics and increase the physicochemical properties of the flour produced, while providing an integral role in cost savings, encouraging the utilization of local food, encouraging local farmers, and improving the agricultural system.
Analysis of Surface Runoff and Remote Sensing Data to Identify Flood Potential in Simbang Sub-Watershed
Authors: Amiruddin Hasyim Asyhari , Ahmad Asmita , Nathan Muh.
Published: March 2024

Increased water runoff due to land use change phenomena has triggered flooding events. The objective is to identify flood potential in Simbang Sub-Watershed in Maros Regency using rational methods and remote sensing data. Potential flood hazards were analyzed using the weighting method with the parameters NDVI, MNDWI, NDSI, rainfall, and annual flow coefficient. The highest debit of runoff occurred in 2017, with a value of 113.36 m3/s, while the lowest occurred in 2019, with a value of 63.91 m3/s. The NDVI value is 0.37–1 with high vegetation covering an area of 3,089 ha, while the low-very low vegetation has value -0.03–0.25 with an area of 1,668 ha. The MNDWI value ranges from 0-0.33 with a moderate wetness level covering an area of 741 ha and an NDSI value ranging from -0.06–0.43 for bare land surrounding an area of 738 ha, which has an impact on reducing water catchment areas which can trigger an increase in surface water runoff discharge. The average rainfall is 2,965 mm/year, the area with low potential for flooding is 3,705 ha, and the area prone (moderate) to flooding is 1,450 ha. The rainfall factor is the main priority trigger for flood events with weight of 0.266, and the soil index is the lowest priority factor with weight of 0.145. Surface water runoff in the Simbang Sub-Watershed area makes a small contribution to the flood events that occurred in Maros Regency with an annual flow coefficient value of 0.23.
Gibt es eine Indikation zur Lokaltherapie des mHSPC?
Authors: Rieger Constantin , Pfister David , Hollmann Jonathan , Papachristofilou Alexandros
Published: March 2024

Beim metastasierten hormonsensitiven Prostatakarzinom (mHSPC) bestehen prinzipiell 2 mögliche Indikationen für eine Lokaltherapie des Primärtumors oder von Metastasen: Die Linderung oder Vermeidung von Symptomen und Komplikationen sowie eine Verbesserung des Krankheitsverlaufs, idealerweise mit einer Anhebung des Gesamtüberlebens und der Lebensqualität der Patienten.

Eine Lokaltherapie des mHSPC kann die systemische Therapie nicht ersetzen, sondern lediglich ergänzen. In diesem Beitrag werden die urologische und die radioonkologische Sicht zur Lokaltherapie des mHSPC dargelegt.
Der Säuglingsfuß in der osteopathischen Praxis
Authors: Rossi Sonja , Taubner Aurelia
Published: March 2024

Die Differenzialdiagnostik am Säuglingsfuß ist komplex. Eine systematische
Untersuchung führt zur richtigen Diagnose und zu geeigneten Therapieverfahren. Das
vorgestellte Protokoll sichert die Qualität der interdisziplinären Arbeit.
Das GRADE-System und die Bewertung der Evidenz
Authors: Franke Helge
Published: March 2024

„The Only Constant in Life Is Change.“ Heraclitus

Evidenz ist in aller Munde und dies nicht nur im Rahmen der Evidence-based
Medicine. Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten basiert auf Evidenz, eine
wissenschaftliche Sichtweise ist ohne Evidenz nicht möglich. Aber was bedeutet
eigentlich Evidenz im Therapiekontext und wie wird sie gemessen und was bedeutet
dabei der GRADE-Ansatz?
Molekulare Testung des Prostatakarzinoms: wann, wie und mit welcher Konsequenz?
Authors: von Amsberg Gunhild , Paulsen Finn-Ole
Published: March 2024

Das metastasierte Prostatakarzinom ist eine heterogene Erkrankung. Bislang basiert die Behandlungsentscheidung meist auf der Tumorausdehnung und -symptomlast, Begleiterkrankungen und dem Patientenwunsch. Molekularpathologische Aspekte fließen nur selten ein.

Kostenrückgang und zunehmende Verbreitung des Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) haben zu einer Zunahme der molekularen Testung und einem besseren Verständnis der Bedeutung molekularer Alterationen für die Entstehung und Ausbreitung des Prostatakarzinoms geführt. Eine konsequentere Testung konstitutioneller Genveränderungen („Keimbahntestung“) deckt hereditäre Prädispositionen auf. Nach der Zulassung von Olaparib zur Therapie BRCA1/2 mutierter, kastrationsresistenter Prostatakarzinome befinden sich weitere zielgerichtete Therapieansätze in der Entwicklung.

In unserem Übersichtsartikel geben wir einen Überblick zur aktuellen molekularen Testung beim Prostatakarzinom und diskutieren mögliche Konsequenzen.
Neueste Erkenntnisse zum myelodysplastischen Syndrom
Authors: Petzer Verena , Wolf Dominik
Published: March 2024

Neuerungen – Klassifikation und Prognose Die WHO-2016-Klassifikation wurde durch die ICC und die Klassifikation der WHO 2022 abgelöst. Die beiden Klassifikationen weisen viele Ähnlichkeiten auf; den größten Unterschied stellt der Blastengrenzwert dar. Seit 2022 steht der IPSS-M, der molekulare Aberrationen berücksichtigt, zur Verfügung und verbessert im Vergleich zum IPSS-R die Prognosegenauigkeit für das progressionsfreie Überleben und das Gesamtüberleben. Somit soll eine optimierte therapeutische Entscheidungsfindung ermöglicht werden.

Neuerungen – Therapie 2020 wurde Luspatercept für transfusionsabhängige Patient*innen mit Ringsideroblasten ± einer SF3B1-Mutation zugelassen. Rezent konnte die Überlegenheit von Luspatercept in der ersten Linie gegenüber EPO gezeigt werden. Mit Imetelstat können wir in Zukunft ggf. eine neue Zweitlinientherapie für LR-MDS-Patient*innen nach Versagen von EPO anbieten. Für High-Risk-Patient*innen ist die Therapie mit Azacitidin weiterhin der Therapiestandard – die Ergebnisse der Phase-III-Studien der Kombinationstherapien müssen abgewartet werden.
Diätetische Ansätze in der Tumortherapie
Authors: Leven Anna-Sophia , Eisenburger Robin Tamara , Espelage Lena , Tasdogan Alpaslan
Published: March 2024

Im Zuge der personalisierten Medizin gewinnen bei Tumorerkrankungen patientenindividuelle Faktoren wie persönliche Ernährungsmuster, der Lebensstil, das intestinale Mikrobiom oder das Geschlecht immer mehr an Bedeutung. Neben anderen Tumorentitäten erlangt auch beim malignen Melanom die Ernährung einen zunehmenden Stellenwert. Durch die Einführung der immun- und zielgerichteten Therapien konnte die Mortalität zwar deutlich gesenkt werden, jedoch zeigt sich ein sehr heterogenes Therapieansprechen. Folglich ist das Bestreben groß, alternative oder unterstützende Faktoren für ein besseres Therapieansprechen zu identifizieren. Präklinische Studien konnten bereits positive Effekte diätetischer Interventionen auf eine Immuntherapie und in der Folge auf das Therapieansprechen zeigen. Z.T. konnte das Ansprechen auf eine Immuntherapie sogar wiederhergestellt werden. Dabei wird angenommen, dass der Zellmetabolismus durch eine bestimmte Nährstoffaufnahme „umprogrammiert“ werden kann. Um diese präklinischen Daten auf die Klinik zu transferieren, werden im Rahmen von klinischen Studien diätetische Interventionen in Kombination mit etablierten Tumortherapien untersucht und dabei deren Auswirkungen auf den Metabolismus der Tumor- und Immunzellen analysiert.
Understanding the GABAA Receptor: Implications for Anesthesia and Beyond
Authors: Durga Padmaja , Singham Geetha , Baradaa Anupama
Published: March 2024

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a nonpeptide amino acid transmitter, is a major component of modern neuropharmacology and one of the most crucial target sites for general anesthetics and therapeutic drugs. GABA type A receptors (GABAARs) are the most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors in the central nervous system. They are part of the rapid-acting, ligand-gated ion channel (LGIC) receptor category, a pentameric Cys-loop superfamily member that mediates inhibitory neurotransmission in the mature brain. GABAARs mainly consist of two α subunits, two β subunits, and one additional subunit from either γ or δ arranged around a central chloride (Cl-) selective channel. Multiple GABAAR subunit subtypes and splice variants have been identified. Each variant of GABAAR exhibits distinct biophysical and pharmacologic properties. Several compounds allosterically modulate the GABAAR positively or negatively. The widely used positive GABAAR modulators include benzodiazepines (anxiolytic and anticonvulsant), general anesthetics (volatile agents like isoflurane, and intravenous agents like barbiturates, etomidate, and propofol), long-chain alcohols, some anticonvulsants, and neuroactive steroids. The binding sites for each drug are distinctly different. The anesthetic drugs enhance receptor-mediated synaptic transmission and thus interrupt the thalamocortical transmission, which controls the sleep–wake patterns. Abnormality in the GABAAR function has been implicated in several neurological conditions, such as sleep disorders, seizures, depression, cognitive function, neurological recovery after injury, and neuroplasticity. Understanding the GABAAR lays the foundation for the development of highly specific drugs in the treatment of neurological disorders and general anesthesia.
Radiation effect on convective boundary layer dusty flow over a stretching surface
Authors: Tripathy Pradeep Kumar , Samantara Tumbanath , Kanungo Subhrajit
Published: March 2024

The effect of radiation evolved from fluids and particles on a convective balanced boundary layer dusty fluid flow model has been analyzed over a vertical stretching surface. Models are available with the consideration of radiation and viscous dissipation in fluid phase only. However, an equal and opposite reaction/force is also developed in the particle/dust phase, which was not taken into account in the previous literature. So, this paper investigates a model where the radiation and viscous dissipation are coupled through both the fluid and particle phase equations. A linear stretching of surface generates the boundary layer flow. By the help of suitable similar transformation, the prevailing equations are transferred to ordinary non-linear differential equations of order three and are solved numerically by the bvp4c method of MATLAB. An analysis has been performed to show the effectiveness of different thermophysical parameters on different boundary layer characteristics. The numerical results are in good agreement with the past literature, validating the present method and result. Graphs are plotted for different flow characteristics to explore the physics of problem.
A novel ADE system with tunable droplet size and ejection height
Authors: Shen Shih-Hung , Lian Han-Wei , Huang Yu-Wen , Chu Yu-Chun , Liu Pu-Chun , Lin Fu-Sung , Shen Ying-Ting , Huang Chih-Hsien
Published: March 2024

Acoustic droplet ejection (ADE) has been proven to move liquids in droplet form from a container to mid-air. However, the droplet sizes produced using the traditional ADE setups are proportional to their heights if the physical framework is unchanged. This limitation obstructs further employment of ADE technology since having the exact sizes of droplets at a specific location or different sizes at different locations is required for many applications. To overcome this limitation and enable more possible applications of ADE, this study proposed an innovative ADE configuration that could manipulate the size and height of the ADE droplets with only electrical signals. To achieve this, a low-voltage driving period and a pinhole structure were added to create a water mound before ejection. First, simulations were conducted to validate the proposed method and find the parameters of the novel ADE setup. After that, a driving circuit featuring a high-voltage pulser and a field-programmable gate array was built. However, a 3D spherical resin model was printed to focus the acoustic wave on the water surface, and a cover with a pinhole was added to create water mound. To observe the behavior of the droplets, a recording system and detection algorithm were developed to capture and identify the dimension/height of the droplets, respectively. Finally, the proposed ADE configuration successfully manipulated the droplet size at the same ejecting height under three driving voltages (65, 70, and 75 V) and pinhole diameters (3.7, 4, and 4.4 mm).
An integrable four-component Camassa–Holm-type system
Authors: Zhu Chendi , Kang Jing
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we propose a new four-component Camassa–Holm-type system. The Lax pair and infinitely many conservation laws of this system are constructed. Bi-Hamiltonian structures and N-peakon solutions of some prototypical equations in this system are considered. In particular, the “W/M”-shape peakon solutions are obtained.
Structural and dynamical equilibrium properties of hard board-like particles in parallel confinement
Authors: Tonti Luca , García Daza Fabián A. , Romero-Enrique José Manuel , Patti Alessandro
Published: March 2024

We performed Monte Carlo and dynamic Monte Carlo simulations to model the diffusion of monodispersed suspensions composed of impenetrable cuboidal particles, specifically hard board-like particles (HBPs), in the presence of parallel hard walls. The impact of the walls was investigated by adjusting the size of the simulation box while maintaining constant packing fractions, fixed at η = 0.150, for systems consisting of HBPs with prolate, dual-shaped, and oblate geometries. We observed that increasing the distance between the walls led to the recovery of an isotropic bulk phase, while local particle organization near the walls remained stable. Due to their shape, oblate HBPs exhibit more efficient anchoring at wall surfaces compared to prolate shapes. The formation of nematic-like particle assemblies near the walls, confirmed by theoretical calculations based on density functional theory, significantly influenced local particle dynamics. This effect was particularly pronounced to the extent that a modest portion of cuboids near the walls tended to diffuse exclusively in planes parallel to the confinement, even more efficiently than observed in the bulk regions.
Reversible nanocracks-induced resistive switching manipulated by ferroelectric polarizing in Te/PMN-PT heterostructures
Authors: Shen Aoli , Ye Haoran , Wang Zhaocai , Li Zhengnan , Luo Xiong , Xing Yu , Zhang Junchao , Zheng Renkui , Dong Shuai , Li Linglong , Xu Meng
Published: March 2024

Ferroelectricity-based storage technology is anticipated to achieve nonvolatile, low-power, and high-density storage in integrated field circuits. Here, the phenomena of electrically reversible switching of nanocracks in the tellurium film/ferroelectric PMN-PT heterojunctions are discussed. Upon the application of external electric fields (±2 kV/cm), the nonvolatile resistance on-off ratio reached over 106 at room temperature. This was achieved through the opening and closing of cracks in the Te film caused by the electric-field-driven flipping of 109° ferroelectric domains in a ferroelectric single crystal. In addition, the ON/OFF resistance states remain stable even after more than 103 cycles and the retention time exceeds 6 h, demonstrating excellent fatigue resistance performance of the device. This work renders a window to design nonvolatile memory by constructing electric-field tunable nanocracks in a semiconductor film/ferroelectrics heterojunction system.
Detection of BiGa hetero-antisites at Ga(As,Bi)/(Al,Ga)As interfaces
Authors: Luna Esperanza , Puustinen Janne , Hilska Joonas , Guina Mircea
Published: March 2024

In this work, we show how diffraction-based chemically sensitive dark-field transmission electron microscopy (DFTEM) reveals the presence of Bi hetero-antisites (BiGa) at the interface of Ga(As,Bi)/(Al,Ga)As quantum well (QW) structures grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs(001). The presence of BiGa is demonstrated by the striking appearance of “dark-lines” at the interfaces under two-beam DFTEM imaging conditions using the (002) diffraction spot. Additional analytical scanning (S)TEM procedures reveal Ga depletion and Bi accumulation at the exact position of the dark-lines, consistent with BiGa at this location. The precise location of the dark-lines agrees with the position of growth interruptions made to adjust substrate temperature and the As/Ga flux ratio and, most importantly, the realization of a Bi pre-treatment before QW growth. We believe the Bi pre-treatment may have favored formation of BiGa hetero-antisites. We validate the use of g002 DFTEM for further investigations of the intricate bismuth incorporation into the lattice and its dependence on the growth conditions. Finally, g002 DFTEM imaging is positioned as a very powerful technique for the detection of point defects in general in materials with the zinc-blende crystal structure, beyond dilute bismide alloys.
Magnetized effects of double diffusion model on mixed convective Casson nanofluid subject to generalized perspective of Fourier and Fick’s laws
Authors: Thabet Esraa N. , Khan Zeeshan , Abd-Alla A. M. , Alharbi F. M. , Bayones F. S. , Alwabli Afaf S. , Elhag S. H.
Published: March 2024

Understanding the flow behavior of non-Newtonian fluids from an industrial standpoint is crucial. Many industrial and technical activities, such as the extrusion of polymer sheets, the manufacturing of paper, and the development of photographic films, require non-Newtonian fluids. Heat and mass transport have various manufacturing uses. However, classical heat and mass transfer theories (Fourier and Fick laws) cannot anticipate thermal and solute relaxation time occurrences. The purpose of this investigation is to apply the modified Ohm law to the heat and mass transportation systems, which are established by generalized Fourier and Fick’s equations, respectively. A three-dimensional Darcy–Forchheimer flow through a porous medium integrating Hall and ion slip effects is studied for a non-Newtonian fluid known as a “Casson nanofluid” with mixed convection across a stretched surface. To investigate heat transfer augmentation, the modified Buongiorno model for nanofluids is used. It covers practical nanofluid properties as well as the mechanics of random motion and thermo-migration in nanoparticles. These groups of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) that represent the mathematical model are combined with the proper similarity transformations to create an ordinary differential equations system, which is then resolved using the power of the Lobatto IIIA method. Examples of numerical and graphical data are given to show how various physical constraints affect the variation for velocities, temperatures, mass transfer, dimensionless shear stress, as well as Nusselt and Sherwood numbers. It turns out that lowering the Casson fluid parameters’ values reduces the velocity in the spatial coordinates (x, y). A rise in the Hall parameter's values ultimately leads to an improvement in the fluid. This paper sheds light on useful applications including power generation, conservation of energy, friction elimination, and nanofluidics. Nonetheless, the work highlights an important point: by carefully adjusting the Casson parameter, thermophoresis parameter, and Brownian motion parameter, the flow of a Casson fluid, including nanoparticles, may be controlled.
Numerical investigation on the effect of gas-phase dynamics on graphene growth in chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Li Qihang , Luo Jinping , Li Zaoyang , Rummeli Mark H. , Liu Lijun
Published: March 2024

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a crucial technique to prepare high-quality graphene because of its controllability. In the research, we perform a systematic computational fluid dynamics numerical investigation on the effect of gas-phase reaction dynamics on the graphene growth in a horizontal tube CVD reactor. The research results indicate that the gas-phase chemical reactions in the CVD reactor are in a nonequilibrium state, as evidenced by the comparison of species mole fraction distributions during the CVD process and under chemical equilibrium conditions. The effect of gas-phase reaction dynamics on the deposition rate of graphene under different conditions is studied, and our research shows that the main causes of change in graphene growth rates under different conditions are gas-phase reaction dynamics and active species transport. The results of numerical simulation agree well with the experimental phenomena. The research results also indicate that, for methane, the main limiting factor of graphene growth is the surface kinetic reaction rate. Conversely, for active species, the main limiting factor of graphene growth is species transport. Our research suggests that the growth rate of graphene can be regulated from the perspective of the gas reaction mechanism. This method has theoretical guiding significance and can be extended to the preparation of large-area graphene.