bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FTO promotes tumour proliferation in bladder cancer via the FTO/miR-576/CDK6 axis in an m6A-dependent manner
Authors: Zhou Guanwen , Yan Keqiang , Liu Jikai , Gao Lijian , Jiang Xianzhou , Fan Yidong
Published: November 2021

The aberrant expression of fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) has been confirmed to be associated with a variety of cancers and participates in the regulation of multiple biological behaviours. FTO plays an oncogenic role in bladder cancer, but few studies have focused on how FTO promotes bladder cancer progression by regulating miRNA synthesis. Here, we confirmed that FTO expression was significantly increased in bladder cancer and was associated with a poor prognosis. FTO overexpression promoted bladder cancer cell proliferation, whereas FTO knockdown inhibited bladder cancer cell proliferation. We also demonstrated that FTO promoted bladder cancer cell proliferation via the FTO/miR-576/CDK6 pathways. Taken together, our work revealed that FTO plays a critical role in bladder cancer and could be a potential diagnostic or prognostic biomarker for this disease.
D6 protein kinase in root xylem benefiting resistance to Fusarium reveals infection and defense mechanisms in tung trees
Authors: Zhang Qiyan , Wu Liwen , Yin Hengfu , Xu Zilong , Zhao Yunxiao , Gao Ming , Wu Hong , Chen Yicun , Wang Yangdong
Published: November 2021

Fusarium oxysporum, a global soil-borne pathogen, causes severe disease in various cultivated plants. The mechanism underlying infection and resistance remains largely elusive.Vernicia fordii, known as the tung tree, suffers from disease caused byF. oxysporumf. sp.fordiis(Fof-1), while its sister speciesV. montanadisplays high resistance toFof-1. To investigate the process of infection and resistance ability, we demonstrated thatFof-1 can penetrate the epidermis of root hairs and then centripetally invade the cortex and phloem in both species. Furthermore,Fof-1 spread upwards through the root xylem in susceptibleV. fordiitrees, whereas it failed to infect the root xylem in resistantV. montanatrees. We found that D6 PROTEIN KINASE LIKE 2 (VmD6PKL2) was specifically expressed in the lateral root xylem and was induced afterFof-1 infection in resistant trees. Transgenic analysis inArabidopsisand tomato revealed thatVmD6PKL2significantly enhanced resistance in both species, whereas thed6pkl2mutant displayed reduced resistance againstFof-1. Additionally, VmD6PKL2 was identified to interact directly with synaptotagmin (VmSYT3), which is specifically expressed in the root xylem and mediates the negative regulation responding toFof-1. Our data suggested thatVmD6PKL2could act as a resistance gene againstFof-1 through suppression ofVmSYT3-mediated negative regulation in the lateral root xylem of the resistant species. These findings provide novel insight intoFusariumwilt resistance in plants.
Genetic and phenotypic analyses reveal major quantitative loci associated to fruit size and shape traits in a non-flat peach collection (P. persica L. Batsch)
Authors: Cirilli Marco , Baccichet Irina , Chiozzotto Remo , Silvestri Cristian , Rossini Laura , Bassi Daniele
Published: November 2021

Fruit size and shape are critical agronomical and pomological attributes and prime targets in peach breeding programs. Apart from the flat peach type, a Mendelian trait well-characterized at the genetic level, ample diversity of fruit size and shapes is present across peach germplasms. Nevertheless, knowledge of the underlying genomic loci remains limited. In this work, fruit size and shape were assessed in a collection of non-flat peach accessions and selections, under controlled fruit load conditions. The architecture of these traits was then dissected by combining association and linkage mapping, revealing a major locus on the proximal end of chromosome 6 (qSHL/Fs6.1) explaining a large proportion of phenotypic variability for longitudinal shape and also affecting fruit size. A second major locus for fruit longitudinal shape (qSHL5.1), probably also affecting fruit size, was found co-localizing at locus G, suggesting pleiotropic effects of peach/nectarine traits. An additional QTL for fruit longitudinal shape (qSHL6.2) was identified in the distal end of chromosome 6 in a cross with an ornamental double-flower peach and co-localized with theDi2locus, controlling flower morphology. Besides assisting breeding activities, knowledge of loci controlling fruit size and shape paves the way for more in-depth studies aimed at the identification of underlying genetic variant(s).
The regulation of cell wall lignification and lignin biosynthesis during pigmentation of winter jujube
Authors: Zhang Qiong , Wang Lihu , Wang Zhongtang , Zhang Rentang , Liu Ping , Liu Mengjun , Liu Zhiguo , Zhao Zhihui , Wang Lili , Chen Xin , Xu Haifeng
Published: November 2021

Fruit lignification is due to lignin deposition in the cell wall during cell development. However, there are few studies on the regulation of cell wall lignification and lignin biosynthesis during fruit pigmentation. In this study, we investigated the regulation of cell wall lignification and lignin biosynthesis during pigmentation of winter jujube. The cellulose content decreased, while the lignin content increased in the winter jujube pericarp during pigmentation. Safranin O-fast green staining showed that the cellulose content was higher in the cell wall of winter jujube prior to pigmentation, whereas the lignin in the cell wall increased after pigmentation. The thickness of the epidermal cells decreased with pericarp pigmentation. A combined metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis showed that guaiacyl-syringyl (G-S) lignin was the main lignin type in the pericarp of winter jujube, and F5H (LOC107424406) and CCR (LOC107420974) were preliminarily identified as the key genes modulating lignin biosynthesis in winter jujube. Seventeen MYB and six NAC transcription factors (TFs) with potential regulation of lignin biosynthesis were screened out based on phylogenetic analysis. Three MYB and two NAC TFs were selected as candidate genes and further studied in detail. Arabidopsis ectopic expression and winter jujube pericarp injection of the candidate genes indicated that the MYB activator (LOC107425254) and the MYB repressor (LOC107415078) control lignin biosynthesis by regulating CCR and F5H, while the NAC (LOC107435239) TF promotes F5H expression and positively regulates lignin biosynthesis. These findings revealed the lignin biosynthetic pathway and associated genes during pigmentation of winter jujube pericarp and provide a basis for further research on lignin regulation.
Increased variability in Greenland Ice Sheet runoff from satellite observations
Authors: Slater Thomas , Shepherd Andrew , McMillan Malcolm , Leeson Amber , Gilbert Lin , Muir Alan , Munneke Peter Kuipers , Noël Brice , Fettweis Xavier , van den Broeke Michiel , Briggs Kate
Published: November 2021

Runoff from the Greenland Ice Sheet has increased over recent decades affecting global sea level, regional ocean circulation, and coastal marine ecosystems, and it now accounts for most of the contemporary mass imbalance. Estimates of runoff are typically derived from regional climate models because satellite records have been limited to assessments of melting extent. Here, we use CryoSat-2 satellite altimetry to produce direct measurements of Greenland’s runoff variability, based on seasonal changes in the ice sheet’s surface elevation. Between 2011 and 2020, Greenland’s ablation zone thinned on average by 1.4 ± 0.4 m each summer and thickened by 0.9 ± 0.4 m each winter. By adjusting for the steady-state divergence of ice, we estimate that runoff was 357 ± 58 Gt/yr on average – in close agreement with regional climate model simulations (root mean square difference of 47 to 60 Gt/yr). As well as being 21 % higher between 2011 and 2020 than over the preceding three decades, runoff is now also 60 % more variable from year-to-year as a consequence of large-scale fluctuations in atmospheric circulation. Because this variability is not captured in global climate model simulations, our satellite record of runoff should help to refine them and improve confidence in their projections.
A large invasive consumer reduces coastal ecosystem resilience by disabling positive species interactions
Authors: Hensel Marc J. S. , Silliman Brian R. , van de Koppel Johan , Hensel Enie , Sharp Sean J. , Crotty Sinead M. , Byrnes Jarrett E. K.
Published: November 2021

Invasive consumers can cause extensive ecological damage to native communities but effects on ecosystem resilience are less understood. Here, we use drone surveys, manipulative experiments, and mathematical models to show how feral hogs reduce resilience in southeastern US salt marshes by dismantling an essential marsh cordgrass-ribbed mussel mutualism. Mussels usually double plant growth and enhance marsh resilience to extreme drought but, when hogs invade, switch from being essential for plant survival to a liability; hogs selectively forage in mussel-rich areas leading to a 50% reduction in plant biomass and slower post-drought recovery rate. Hogs increase habitat fragmentation across landscapes by maintaining large, disturbed areas through trampling of cordgrass during targeted mussel consumption. Experiments and climate-disturbance recovery models show trampling alone slows marsh recovery by 3x while focused mussel predation creates marshes that may never recover from large-scale disturbances without hog eradication. Our work highlights that an invasive consumer can reshape ecosystems not just via competition and predation, but by disrupting key, positive species interactions that underlie resilience to climatic disturbances.
Control of osteocyte dendrite formation by Sp7 and its target gene osteocrin
Authors: Wang Jialiang S. , Kamath Tushar , Mazur Courtney M. , Mirzamohammadi Fatemeh , Rotter Daniel , Hojo Hironori , Castro Christian D. , Tokavanich Nicha , Patel Rushi , Govea Nicolas , Enishi Tetsuya , Wu Yunshu , da Silva Martins Janaina , Bruce Michael , Brooks Daniel J. , Bouxsein Mary L. , Tokarz Danielle , Lin Charles P. , Abdul Abdul , Macosko Evan Z. , Fiscaletti Melissa , Munns Craig F. , Ryder Pearl , Kost-Alimova Maria , Byrne Patrick , Cimini Beth , Fujiwara Makoto , Kronenberg Henry M. , Wein Marc N.
Published: November 2021

Some osteoblasts embed within bone matrix, change shape, and become dendrite-bearing osteocytes. The circuitry that drives dendrite formation during “osteocytogenesis” is poorly understood. Here we show that deletion of Sp7 in osteoblasts and osteocytes causes defects in osteocyte dendrites. Profiling of Sp7 target genes and binding sites reveals unexpected repurposing of this transcription factor to drive dendrite formation. Osteocrin is a Sp7 target gene that promotes osteocyte dendrite formation and rescues defects in Sp7-deficient mice. Single-cell RNA-sequencing demonstrates defects in osteocyte maturation in the absence of Sp7. Sp7-dependent osteocyte gene networks are associated with human skeletal diseases. Moreover, humans with a SP7R316C mutation show defective osteocyte morphology. Sp7-dependent genes that mark osteocytes are enriched in neurons, highlighting shared features between osteocytic and neuronal connectivity. These findings reveal a role for Sp7 and its target gene Osteocrin in osteocytogenesis, revealing that pathways that control osteocyte development influence human bone diseases.
Nitrogen isotopic constraints on nutrient transport to the upper ocean
Authors: Fripiat François , Martínez-García Alfredo , Marconi Dario , Fawcett Sarah E. , Kopf Sebastian H. , Luu Victoria H. , Rafter Patrick A. , Zhang Run , Sigman Daniel M. , Haug Gerald H.
Published: November 2021

Ocean circulation supplies the surface ocean with the nutrients that fuel global ocean productivity. However, the mechanisms and rates of water and nutrient transport from the deep ocean to the upper ocean are poorly known. Here, we use the nitrogen isotopic composition of nitrate to place observational constraints on nutrient transport from the Southern Ocean surface into the global pycnocline (roughly the upper 1.2 km), as opposed to directly from the deep ocean. We estimate that 62 ± 5% of the pycnocline nitrate and phosphate originate from the Southern Ocean. Mixing, as opposed to advection, accounts for most of the gross nutrient input to the pycnocline. However, in net, mixing carries nutrients away from the pycnocline. Despite the quantitative dominance of mixing in the gross nutrient transport, the nutrient richness of the pycnocline relies on the large-scale advective flow, through which nutrient-rich water is converted to nutrient-poor surface water that eventually flows to the North Atlantic.
MISpheroID: a knowledgebase and transparency tool for minimum information in spheroid identity
Authors: Peirsman Arne , Blondeel Eva , Ahmed Tasdiq , Anckaert Jasper , Audenaert Dominique , Boterberg Tom , Buzas Krisztina , Carragher Neil , Castellani Gastone , Castro Flávia , Dangles-Marie Virginie , Dawson John , De Tullio Pascal , De Vlieghere Elly , Dedeyne Sándor , Depypere Herman , Diosdi Akos , Dmitriev Ruslan I. , Dolznig Helmut , Fischer Suzanne , Gespach Christian , Goossens Vera , Heino Jyrki , Hendrix An , Horvath Peter , Kunz-Schughart Leoni A. , Maes Sebastiaan , Mangodt Christophe , Mestdagh Pieter , Michlíková Soňa , Oliveira Maria José , Pampaloni Francesco , Piccinini Filippo , Pinheiro Cláudio , Rahn Jennifer , Robbins Stephen M. , Siljamäki Elina , Steigemann Patrick , Sys Gwen , Takayama Shuichi , Tesei Anna , Tulkens Joeri , Van Waeyenberge Michiel , Vandesompele Jo , Wagemans Glenn , Weindorfer Claudia , Yigit Nurten , Zablowsky Nina , Zanoni Michele , Blondeel Phillip , De Wever Olivier
Published: November 2021

Spheroids are three-dimensional cellular models with widespread basic and translational application across academia and industry. However, methodological transparency and guidelines for spheroid research have not yet been established. The MISpheroID Consortium developed a crowdsourcing knowledgebase that assembles the experimental parameters of 3,058 published spheroid-related experiments. Interrogation of this knowledgebase identified heterogeneity in the methodological setup of spheroids. Empirical evaluation and interlaboratory validation of selected variations in spheroid methodology revealed diverse impacts on spheroid metrics. To facilitate interpretation, stimulate transparency and increase awareness, the Consortium defines the MISpheroID string, a minimum set of experimental parameters required to report spheroid research. Thus, MISpheroID combines a valuable resource and a tool for three-dimensional cellular models to mine experimental parameters and to improve reproducibility.
Efficacy of the hemostatic device VasoSTAT and the study of hemostatic factor
Authors: Naganawa Hirokazu , Ito Akira , Saiki Shinrou , Nishi Daisuke , Takamatsu Shinichi , Ito Yoshihisa , Suzuki Takeshi
Published: November 2021

Recently, trans-radial intervention has gained popularity as a common procedure to reduce hemorrhagic complications. However, the cuff-type hemostatic device (TR Band) previously used at our institution required 6 h to achieve hemostasis. Since July 2016, we have been using the VasoSTAT, a new hemostatic device that could achieve hemostasis in 4 h. In a verification study, we found that prolonged activated clotting time (ACT) was related to transient hemorrhage occurrence after the hemostatic procedure. Therefore, we designed a hemostatic protocol based on ACT and evaluated its efficacy. In this retrospective and observational study, 78 and 111 patients used the VasoSTAT and TR Band, respectively, from July 2015 to May 2017. In the VasoSTAT group, the ACTs were significantly lower in the hemostasis success (246 ± 46 s) than in the failure group patients (327 ± 59 s) (P < 0.01). Therefore, we applied the hemostatic protocol to 271 patients from May 2017 to March 2020. The hemostasis success rate was 96% in the post-protocol applied group patients, which was significantly higher than the 82% success rate in the pre-protocol applied group patients (P < 0.01). VasoSTAT resulted in adequate hemostasis in 4 h. Further, ACT was predictive of adequate hemostasis.
Rational synthesis of CoFeP@nickel–manganese sulfide core–shell nanoarrays for hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Yameng , Zhang Yan , Du Cheng , Chen Jian , Tian Zhengfang , Xie Mingjiang , Wan Liu
Published: November 2021

Hierarchical core-shell CoFeP@NiMnS heterostructure has been synthesized for advanced hybrid supercapacitors.
Benchmarking magnetic and spectroscopic properties on highly stable 3d metal complexes with tuneable bis(benzoxazol-2-yl)methanide ligands
Authors: Legendre Christina M. , Lüert Daniel , Herbst-Irmer Regine , Stalke Dietmar
Published: November 2021

Two series a and b of 3d metal based complexes 1–4 [MII{(4-R-NCOC6H4)2CH}2], (with M = Mn (1), Fe (2), Co (3), Ni (4) and R = H (a) or Me (b)) were synthesised and structurally as well as magnetically characterized.
Effects ofSalvia hispanicaL. (chia) seed on blood coagulation, endothelial dysfunction and liver fibrosis in an experimental model of Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Oliva María Eugenia , Ingaramo Paola , Vega Joubert Michelle Berenice , Ferreira María del Rosario , D'Alessandro María Eugenia
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study was to analyze blood coagulation, endothelial dysfunction and liver fibrosis in an experimental model of Metabolic Syndrome and to evaluate the effects of chia seed as a therapeutic strategy.
Baicalin inhibits APEC-induced lung injury by regulating gut microbiota and SCFA production
Authors: Peng Lu-Yuan , Shi Hai-Tao , Tan Yue-Rong , Shen Si-Yang , Yi Peng-Fei , Shen Hai-Qing , Fu Ben-Dong
Published: November 2021

Baicalin remodeled the dysbiosis of gut microbiota and increased the production of SCFAs especially acetic acid to defend APEC infection.
Generation of programmable dynamic flow patterns in microfluidics using audio signals
Authors: Thurgood Peter , Concilia Gianmarco , Tran Nhiem , Nguyen Ngan , Hawke Adam J. , Pirogova Elena , Jex Aaron R. , Peter Karlheinz , Baratchi Sara , Khoshmanesh Khashayar
Published: November 2021

We use a smartphone-driven audio speaker to generate customised harmonic flow patterns in microfluidics. The system is programmable, simple, inexpensive, and biocompatible.
Origin of the structural stability of cage-like Au144 clusters
Authors: Deng Shiyao , Li Jing , Wang Pu , Pei Yong
Published: November 2021

Formation of cage-like 144-atom gold cluster is due to thermodynamic selectivity.
Enhanced synthesis of oxo-verdazyl radicals bearing sterically-and electronically-diverse C3-substituents
Authors: Fuller Rebecca O. , Taylor Madeleine R. , Duggin Margot , Bissember Alex C. , Canty Allan J. , Judd Martyna M. , Cox Nicholas , Moggach Stephen A. , Turner Gemma F.
Published: November 2021

Gram-scale synthesis of functionalised aryl substituted tetrazinanones for phosgene- and hydrazine-free preparation of 6-oxo-verdazyls.
Curved, expanded and inclined patterns of dynamic double slit/cross‐double slit/grating experiments
Authors: Peng Hui
Published: November 2021

Young's 1D‐double‐slit experiments have been extended to 2D‐cross‐double‐slit experiments, in which more than one 1D‐double‐slits are crossed at the same spot and each 1D‐double‐slit creates the interference pattern independently. In this article, the varieties of the double‐slit/cross‐double‐slit/grating experiments are presented. The universal novel phenomena are: (1) the interference/diffraction patterns (hereafter referred as “patterns”) are curved; (2) the patterns are expanded; and (3) the patterns created by the tilt‐double slits are inclined to the axis perpendicular to the axis the diaphragm rotates around. The directions of the patterns curved towards are determined by whether the diaphragm rotates clockwise or counter‐clockwise. To determine the directions, right‐hand rule and left‐hand rule are proposed. The degrees of the expansions depend on both the original orientation of the double slit and the angle of the diaphragm rotates. The formulars to calculate the expansion and the inclination of the patterns are derived. The experimental observations support the formulars. The novel phenomena not only make the Feynman's mystery more mysterious, but also provide the comprehensive data/information to theoretical study of the mystery of double slit experiments. Furthermore, the novel phenomena may have potential applications, for example, in antenna system. The phenomenon of the expanded Airy pattern is presented.
SRG/eROSITA discovery of 164 s pulsations from the SMC Be/X-ray binary XMMU J010429.4-723136
Authors: Carpano S. , Haberl F. , Maitra C. , Freyberg M. , Dennerl K. , Schwope A. , Buckley A. H. , Monageng I. M.
Published: November 2021

Context.The Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) hosts many known high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs), and all but one (SMC X-1) have a Be companion star. Through the calibration and verification phase of eROSITA on board the Spektrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG) spacecraft, the Be/X-ray binary XMMU J010429.4-723136 was in the field of view during observations of the supernova remnant, 1E0102.2-7219, used as a calibration standard.

Aims.We report timing and spectral analyses of XMMU J010429.4-723136 based on three eROSITA observations of the field, two of which were performed on 2019 November 7-9, with the third on 2020 June 18-19. We also reanalyse the OGLE-IV light curve for that source in order to determine the orbital period.

Methods.We performed a Lomb-Scargle periodogram analysis to search for pulsations (from the X-ray data) and for the orbital period (from the OGLE data). X-ray spectral parameters and fluxes were retrieved from the best-fit model.

Results.We detect, for the first time, the pulsations of XMMU J010429.4-723136 at a period of -164 s, and therefore designate the source as SXP 164. From the spectral fitting, we derive a source flux of ~1 × 10−12erg s−1cm−2for all three observations, corresponding to a luminosity of ~4 × 1035erg s−1at the distance of the SMC. Furthermore, reanalysing the OGLE light curve, including the latest observations, we find a significant periodic signal that we believe is likely be the orbital period; at 22.3 days, this is shorter than the previously reported values. TheSwift/XRTlight curve, extracted from two long monitorings of the field and folded at the same period, suggests that a modulation is also present in the X-ray data.
Bottom-up dust nucleation theory in oxygen-rich evolved stars
Authors: Gobrecht David , Plane John M. C. , Bromley Stefan T. , Decin Leen , Cristallo Sergio , Sekaran Sanjay
Published: November 2021

Context.Aluminium oxide (alumina; Al2O3) is a promising candidate as a primary dust condensate in the atmospheres of oxygen-rich evolved stars. Therefore, alumina ‘seed’ particles might trigger the onset of stellar dust formation and of stellar mass loss in the wind. However, the formation of alumina dust grains is not well understood.

Aims.We aim to shed light on the initial steps of cosmic dust formation (i.e. nucleation) in oxygen-rich environments via a quantum-chemical bottom-up approach.

Methods.Starting with an elemental gas-phase composition, we construct a detailed chemical-kinetic network that describes the formation and destruction of aluminium-bearing molecules and dust-forming (Al2O3)nclusters up to the size of dimers (n= 2) coagulating to tetramers (n= 4). Intermediary species include the prevalent gas-phase molecules AlO and AlOH as well as AlxOyclusters withx= 1–5,y= 1–6. The resulting extensive network is applied to two model stars, which represent a semi-regular variable and a Mira type, and to different circumstellar gas trajectories, including a non-pulsating outflow and a pulsating model. The growth of larger-sized (Al2O3)nclusters withn= 4–10 is described by the temperature-dependent Gibbs free energies of the most favourable structures (i.e. the global minima clusters) as derived from global optimisation techniques and calculated via density functional theory. We provide energies, bond characteristics, electrostatic properties, and vibrational spectra of the clusters as a function of size,n, and compare these to corundum, which corresponds to the crystalline bulk limit (n→∞).

Results.The circumstellar aluminium gas-phase chemistry in oxygen-rich giants is primarily controlled by AlOH and AlO, which are tightly coupled by the reactions AlO+H2, AlO+H2O, and their reverse. Models of semi-regular variables show comparatively higher AlO abundances, as well as a later onset and a lower efficiency of alumina cluster formation when compared to Mira-like models. The Mira-like models exhibit an efficient cluster production that accounts for more than 90% of the available aluminium content, which is in agreement with the most recent ALMA observations. Chemical equilibrium calculations fail to predict both the alumina cluster formation and the abundance trends of AlO and AlOH in the asymptotic giant branch dust formation zone. Furthermore, we report the discovery of hitherto unreported global minimum candidates and low-energy isomers for cluster sizesn= 7, 9, and 10. A homogeneous nucleation scenario, where Al2O3monomers are successively added, is energetically viable. However, the formation of the Al2O3monomer itself represents an energetic bottleneck. Therefore, we provide a bottom-up interpolation of the cluster characteristics towards the bulk limit by excluding the monomer, approximately following ann−1∕3dependence.
The North Pyrenean Frontal Thrust: structure, timing and late fluid circulation inferred from seismic and thermal-geochemical analyses of well data
Authors: Barré Guillaume , Fillon Charlotte , Ducoux Maxime , Mouthereau Frédéric , Gaucher Eric C. , Calassou Sylvain
Published: November 2021

During orogenesis, large-scale thrusts as orogenic fronts can act as conduits and/or barriers for fluid flow. Unravelling the timing and modes of tectonic activation of large-scale faults is crucial to understanding the relationship between fluid flow and deformation. The North Pyrenean Frontal Thrust (NPFT) corresponds to a major basement-involved thrust responsible for the northward overthrust of the pre-orogenic sediments on top of the Aquitaine Foreland Basin. This study questions the timing of activation of this thrust, its geometry, the nature of the last fluids, which circulated there, and its role on the circulation of fluids. The structural study confronted to published thermochronology data led to determine the timing of the two tectonic activations during the NPFT compression phase and to relate them to the fluid circulations. We constrain the first activation at Campanian times and link it to the leak of the deep gas reservoir present in depth, as the NPFT acted as a conduit. Then the NPFT acted as a barrier, probably due to the breccia consolidation during the Paleocene quiescence period. Finally, the Eocene-Oligocene reactivation led to fluid circulation of high salinity fluids from the Triassic evaporites leaching. This latter event is associated with a fracturing event and the late generation of calcite veins studied here. This is the first study in the Pyrenees directly applied to the NPFT which uses the association between fluid inclusions study, seismic and thermochronological data. It highlights that the NPFT may be an important structure responsible of the leakage of deep hydrocarbons reservoirs. It also shows the importance of the determination of the activation steps of large-scale faults to decipher the origin of fluid circulations in space and time.
Asymptotic behavior of the stationary magnetohydrodynamic equations in an exterior domain
Authors: Fan Huiying , Wang Meng
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we study the asymptotic behavior of solutions to the incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations in an exterior domain. We will show that, under some assumption, any nontrivial velocity field u and magnetic field h obey a minimal decaying rate exp(−C|x|2 log |x|) at infinity. Our proof is based on appropriate Carleman estimates. As a consequence, we establish a Liouville-type result for the three dimensional incompressible MHDs in an exterior domain.
Dominant defects and carrier transport in single crystalline cuprous oxide: A new attribution of optical transitions
Authors: Nyborg M. , Kolevatov Ilia , Vásquez G. C. , Bergum K. , Monakhov E.
Published: November 2021

Electronic properties of single crystal (111) Cu2O wafers have been investigated using a number of complementary techniques. Secondary ion mass spectrometry has shown significant presence of hydrogen and nitrogen. Cathodoluminescence measurements reveal strong near-band emission indicating the good electronic quality of the wafers. Two deep emission lines are observed at 1.3 and 1.7 eV. Temperature-dependent Hall effect measurements reveal electronic levels at around EV + 0.16 eV, EV + 0.22 eV, and ∼EV + 0.4 eV, where EV is the valence band edge. The discussion on the identity of the electronic centers calls for a revision of the traditional assignments of the 1.3-eV and 1.7-eV lines in order to take into account independent theoretical predictions. The temperature dependence of carrier mobility shows that the mechanism limiting the mobility can be described by scattering on neutral and ionized defect centers.
Adiabatic topological pumping in a semiconductor nanowire
Authors: Liu Zhi-Hai , Xu H. Q.
Published: November 2021

The adiabatic topological pumping is proposed by periodically modulating a semiconductor nanowire double-quantum-dot chain. We demonstrate that the quantized charge transport can be achieved by a nontrivial modulation of the quantum-dot well and barrier potentials. When the quantum-dot well potential is replaced by a time-dependent staggered magnetic field, the topological spin pumping can be realized by periodically modulating the barrier potentials and magnetic field. We also demonstrate that in the presence of Rashba spin–orbit interaction, the double-quantum-dot chain can be used to implement the topological spin pumping. However, the pumped spin in this case can have a quantization axis other than the applied magnetic field direction. Moreover, we show that all the adiabatic topological pumping are manifested by the presence of gapless edge states traversing the bandgap as a function of time.
Scalable memory elements based on rectangular SIsFS junctions
Authors: Karelina L. N. , Hovhannisyan R. A. , Golovchanskiy I. A. , Chichkov V. I. , Ben Hamida A. , Stolyarov V. S. , Uspenskaya L. S. , Erkenov Sh. A. , Bolginov V. V. , Ryazanov V. V.
Published: November 2021

We explore the concept of the Josephson magnetic memory element based on a multilayer two-barrier SIsFS Josephson junction storing the digital state by means of the orientation of magnetization in the F-layer. A diluted PdFe alloy with 1% magnetic atoms is used as a ferromagnet (F), and a tunnel AlOx layer (I) ensures a high voltage in the resistive state. We have studied two junctions of a rectangular shape in which two digital states are defined by the orientation of the residual F-layer magnetization set along or across the junction in the plane of the ferromagnetic barrier. Implementations of both binary and ternary logic elements are demonstrated. A scalability of rectangular memory elements is analyzed using micro-magnetic modeling.
Ultrabroadband electrically controllable terahertz modulation based on GaAs Schottky diode structure
Authors: Liu Xudong , Chen Hao , Liang Shixiong , Zhang Meng , Jiang Zhendong , Fan Shuting , Sun Yiwen
Published: November 2021

We demonstrate an ultrabroadband electrically controllable terahertz modulator based on a Schottky diode structure formed with periodic metal microslits on an n-doped GaAs substrate. The mechanism of our design is different from that of the traditional Schottky diode-based THz electrical modulator, which uses free charge carriers in a substrate to control the resonant behavior of metamaterials. In our device, the modulation is based on free-carrier absorption on the THz wave and therefore broadband. The charge carrier concentration between the metal microslits is actively modified by applying a reverse bias voltage to generate a direct modulation of THz waves. The modulation performance is enhanced by the THz non-resonant electric field enhancement effect from the metal microslits. The experimental results indicate that the modulation depth is positively correlated with the electric field enhancement ratio at the depletion region in the gap and the number of microslits in the THz light spot-covered area. An averaged modulation depth of ∼40% in the measurable frequency range from 0.4 to 1.4 THz was achieved by the device with a metal microslits gap width of 2 µm and a period of 20 µm. A maximum modulation depth of ∼75% was achieved by stacking two devices back-to-back with a 3-dB down bandwidth modulation speed of ∼100 kHz. Further improvements of the device can be achieved by optimizing the parameters such as the free-carrier density in the doping layer, the active area size, and the specifications of the metal microslits.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Tyrosyl-tRNA Synthetases Revealed Bacterial-Selective Tyrosine Derivatives
Authors: Wang Zhongqiang , Matthews Hayden , Deng Guozhong , Zhou Xiaojian , Chen Yongzheng
Published: November 2021

The non-proteinogenic amino acids m-fluorotyrosine and 2,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine demonstrated a respective 6- and 12-fold greater binding affinity to the purified tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli than that from human cytosol. The differential binding was identified by probing the substrate selectivity of the two enzymes with structural analogues of tyrosine using a thermodynamic technique.
Resveratrol protects human luteinised granulosa cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative injury through the Sirt1
Authors: Nie Zhaoyan , Hua Rui , Zhang Yanan , Zhang Na , Zhang Yi , Li Qiaoxia , Wu Haifeng
Published: November 2021

Granulosa cells (GCs) control follicular development and are important for female reproduction. Resveratrol (Res) was considered as an antioxidant and Sirt1 inducer. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is the classical reagent to study oxidative stress. The study was conducted to investigate the role of Res against H2O2 in human luteinised granulosa cells (LGCs). The LGCs in the H2O2 group were treated with 100 μmol/L H2O2 for 24 h. The LGCs in the Res group were treated with 50 μmol/L Res for 2 h, followed by H2O2. The LGCs in the Sirt1 blockage group were treated with 2.5 μmol/L EX527 + 50 μmol/L Res for 2 h, followed by H2O2. Results showed that Res significantly increased LGCs viability in H2O2-induced LGCs. The apoptotic rate and ROS in the H2O2 group was higher and the antioxidant enzyme activity was lower compared with other groups. Following the Res, the apoptotic rate and ROS level were reduced and the antioxidant enzyme activity were increased. In the Res blockage group, no significant alterations in the cell apoptosis, ROS and antioxidant enzyme activity were observed compared with the H2O2 group. The Res group had a Caspase-3 downregulation and Sirt1 upregulation compared with the other groups. In conclusion, Res had a protective effect against the H2O2-induced LGCs, and the mechanism may be associated with Sirt1.
Surface plastic flow of three-dimensional printed polylactic acid in the tribological study of surface patterned polymer
Authors: Ando M , Birosz M , Gehlen G S , Neis P D , Ferreira N F , Sukumaran J
Published: November 2021

The potential of three-dimensional (3D) printing in polymer tribology is poorly explored. Material alignment and composition play vital roles in altering the friction and wear characteristics of 3D printed materials. In the current study, 3D patterns made by fused deposition modelling are used to print advanced tribo-composites. Two different surface patterns (line and circular) are provided through 3D printing using white and silver polylactic acid (PLA). The deformation and distribution of white and silver PLA over the samples surface are observed after a wear test. Results showed that the coefficient of friction is not influenced by changes in the surface pattern. However, the wear rate increased for samples with line patterns on the contact surface, since plastic flow was more significant in this case. Moreover, the filling factor exhibited an influence on increasing the plastic flow of the contact surface for samples with a line pattern.
Three-dimensional vertical ZnO transistors with suspended top electrodes fabricated by focused ion beam technology
Authors: Sun Chi , Zhao Linyuan , Hao Tingting , Liang Renrong , Ye Haitao , Li Junjie , Gu Changzhi
Published: November 2021

Three-dimensional (3D) vertical architecture transistors represent an important technological pursuit, which have distinct advantages in device integration density, operation speed, and power consumption. However, the fabrication processes of such 3D devices are complex, especially in the interconnection of electrodes. In this paper, we present a novel method which combines suspended electrodes and focused ion beam (FIB) technology to greatly simplify the electrodes interconnection in 3D devices. Based on this method, we fabricate 3D vertical core-double shell structure transistors with ZnO channel and Al2O3 gate-oxide both grown by atomic layer deposition. Suspended top electrodes of vertical architecture could be directly connected to planar electrodes by FIB deposited Pt nanowires, which avoid cumbersome steps in the traditional 3D structure fabrication technology. Both single pillar and arrays devices show well behaved transfer characteristics with an I
on/I
off current ratio greater than 106 and a low threshold voltage around 0 V. The ON-current of the 2 × 2 pillars vertical channel transistor was 1.2 μA at the gate voltage of 3 V and drain voltage of 2 V, which can be also improved by increasing the number of pillars. Our method for fabricating vertical architecture transistors can be promising for device applications with high integration density and low power consumption.
Facile fabrication of highly flexible, porous PEDOT:PSS/SWCNTs films for thermoelectric applications
Authors: Liu Fu-Wei , Zhong Fei , Wang Shi-Chao , Xie Wen-He , Chen Xue , Hu Ya-Ge , Ge Yu-Ying , Gao Yuan , Wang Lei , Liang Zi-Qi
Published: November 2021

High-performance organic composite thermoelectric (TE) materials are considered as a promising alternative for harvesting heat energy. Herein, composite films of poly (3,4-ethyienedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)/single-walled carbon nanotubes (PEDOT:PSS/SWCNTs) were fabricated by utilizing a convenient solution mixing method. Thereafter, the as-prepared hybrid films were treated using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to further optimize the TE performance. Film morphological studies revealed that the sulfuric acid treated PEDOT:PSS/SWCNTs composite samples all possessed porous structures. Due to the successful fabrication of highly conductive networks, the porous nano-architecture also exhibited much more excellent TE properties when compared with the dense structure of the pristine samples. For the post-treated sample, a high power factor of 156.43 μW⋅m−1⋅K–2 can be achieved by adjusting the content of CNTs, which is approximately 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of the corresponding untreated samples (0.23 μW⋅m−1⋅K–2). Besides, the obtained films also showed excellent mechanical flexibility, owing to the porous nanostructure and the strong π–π interactions between the two components. This work indicates that the H2SO4 treatment could be a promising strategy for fabricating highly-flexible and porous PEDOT:PSS/SWCNTs films with high TE performances.
Defect calculations with quasiparticle correction: A revisited study of iodine defects in CH3NH3PbI3
Authors: Li Ling , Yin Wan-Jian
Published: November 2021

Defect levels in semiconductor band gaps play a crucial role in functionalized semiconductors for practical applications in optoelectronics; however, first-principle defect calculations based on exchange–correlation functionals, such as local density approximation, grand gradient approximation (GGA), and hybrid functionals, either underestimate band gaps or misplace defect levels. In this study, we revisited iodine defects in CH3NH3PbI3 by combining the accuracy of total energy calculations of GGA and single-electron level calculation of the GW method. The combined approach predicted neutral Ii to be unstable and the transition level of Ii(+1/–1) to be close to the valence band maximum. Therefore, Ii may not be as detrimental as previously reported. Moreover, VI may be unstable in the –1 charged state but could still be detrimental owing to the deep transition level of VI(+1/0). These results could facilitate the further understanding of the intrinsic point defect and defect passivation observed in CH3NH3PbI3.
Bright 547-dimensional Hilbert-space entangled resource in 28-pair modes biphoton frequency comb from a reconfigurable silicon microring resonator
Authors: Zheng Qilin , Liu Jiacheng , Wu Chao , Xue Shichuan , Zhu Pingyu , Wang Yang , Yu Xinyao , Yu Miaomiao , Deng Mingtang , Wu Junjie , Xu Ping
Published: November 2021

High-dimensional entanglement provides valuable resources for quantum technologies, including quantum communication, quantum optical coherence tomography, and quantum computing. Obtaining a high brightness and dimensional entanglement source has significant value. Here we utilize a tunable asymmetric Mach–Zehnder interferometer coupled silicon microring resonator with 100 GHz free spectral range to achieve this goal. With the strategy of the tunable coupler, the dynamical and extensive tuning range of quality factors of the microring can be obtained, and then the biphoton pair generation rate can be optimized. By selecting and characterizing 28 pairs from a more than 30-pair modes biphoton frequency comb, we obtain a Schmidt number of at least 23.4 and on-chip pair generation rate of 19.9 MHz/mW2 under a low on-chip pump power, which corresponds to 547 dimensions Hilbert space in frequency freedom. These results will prompt the wide applications of quantum frequency comb and boost the further large density and scalable on-chip quantum information processing.
Investigation of photoluminescence kinetics CuInS2/ZnS quantum dots
Authors: Lazareva A A , Reznik I A , Dubavik A Yu , Veniaminov A V , Orlova A O
Published: November 2021

The kinetics of photoluminescence of CuInS2/ZnS quantum dots at room temperature has been studied. We show that the parameters of the photoluminescence band of our quantum dots, i.e. its position and FWHM, do not depend on the delay time after the excitation laser pulse. These may suggest the spectral diffusion of photoluminescence of CuInS2/ZnS quantum dots due to hole localization at different Cu sites.
Synthesis of bismuth-based coordination polymer for biomedical applications
Authors: Belyaev I B , Zelepukin I V , Popov A A , Kabashin A V , Deyev S
Published: November 2021

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are of great interest for biomedicine due to their high loading capacity of various drugs, dyes, and other small molecules. In vivo application of MOFs requires small sizes of nanoparticles and their high colloidal stability. Here we designed the first nano-sized MOFs composed of bismuth and trimesic acid by a rapid microwave-assisted solvothermal method. After coating of the prepared nanoparticles with polyacrylic acid they show improved colloidal stability in aqueous solutions. These particles have 2.2 times higher X-ray attenuation ability than a clinically used BaSO4 agent. Also, they demonstrate high loading efficiency for organic dyes: 35.5 % w/w for Rose bengal and 17.9 % w/w for Rhodamine B.
Development of a video fluorescence registration system for a LED emitter
Authors: Nekhoroshev A V , Loshenov M V , Loschenov V B
Published: November 2021

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is widely implemented in clinical practice. This contributes to the development of new devices for conducting fluorescence diagnostics (FD) and PDT. One of the key parameters for the new devices is the ability to perform PDT and evaluate the fluorescence signal during PDT. Most PDT devices do not have the ability to perform PD and register a fluorescent signal, which is important for monitoring the quality of treatment. The purpose of this work is to develop a new device that will be able to conduct PD and PDT during the operation. Using a video system with software for it and an LED irradiator with several types of LEDs. The results show the effective use of this system and the ability to observe FD, as well as conduct.
Time-resolved fluorescence imaging technique for rat brain tumors analysis
Authors: Maklygina Yu S , Romanishkin I D , Skobeltsin A S , Savelyeva T A , Potapov A A , Pavlova G V , Chekhonin I V , Gurina O I , Loschenov V B
Published: November 2021

The paper presents a new approach to assessing the state of tissues that differ in phenotype and in the degree of immunocompetent cells activity using photosensitizers (PS) and time-resolved fluorescence analysis methods. The main attention is paid to the detection of differences between tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) using spectroscopic and microscopic methods by the fluorescent kinetics signal and the difference in the accumulation of PS (the accumulation is several times greater in macrophages). The results of the PS photoluminescence study were obtained using two different techniques: time-resolved spectroscopy and time-resolved fluorescence microscopy (FLIM). Time-resolved spectroscopic analysis of the PS fluorescence lifetime was performed on adult female rats with induced C6 glioma in vivo. 5-ALA-induced Pp IX, which is widely used in clinical practice for carrying out effective conduction photodiagnostics and PDT, was used as the PS.
Fluorescence lifetime of indocyanine green in molecular and nano-forms in the cellular model of a brain tumor in vitro
Authors: Farrakhova D S , Romanishkin I D , Maklygina Yu S , Yakovlev D V , Bezdetnaya L , Ryabova A V , Loschenov V B
Published: November 2021

Any surgical intervention to a central nervous system requires special accuracy and selectivity of the effect on the cancer cells. The application of laser-spectroscopic methods provides a unique opportunity to non-invasively determine the most significant parameters that characterize the tissue states. Moreover, non-invasive state assessment of the brain tumor tissue and surrounding tissues is essential for performing a relapse-free operation. Indocyanine Green (ICG) is a photosensitizer approved for clinical practice and has absorption peak in the near-infrared range corresponding to the spectral transparency window of biological tissue. Also, the aqueous colloidal solution of ICG aggregates was used for spectroscopic properties research in glioma tumor cells. The comparative analysis of ICG in molecular and nanoforms demonstrate the difference between spectral values which allow distinguishing monomers and aggregates in tumor tissue.
1st STEAM Education Congress (1st STEAMEC)
Authors: Prada-Nuñez R , Ortiz-Vasquez L F , Hernández-Suárez C A , Maldonado E , V-Niño E D
Published: November 2021

The present proceedings are part of the contributions of the participants in the 1st STEAM Education Congress (1st STEAMEC) was held from June 10 to 11, 2021, in the San José de Cùcuta city, Colombia; the central theme in the congress was the approach on Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM) education. Congress was organized by the "Facultad de Educación, Artes y Humanidades" of the Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, San José de Cùcuta, Colombia.

The 1st STEAMEC had as the main objective to generate interaction and exchange of experiences and knowledge on STEAM education between researchers, professors, teachers, and students with the purpose of promoting educational research and innovation through effective knowledge transfer. This first edition of the congress emphasizes research, innovations, and reflections that are being carried out in the different areas of the knowledge that are integrated into the STEAM educational approach.

List of Organizing Committee, National Scientific Committee, International Scientific Committee, Sponsor, Partners, All photos are available in this pdf