bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
History of Agroengineering Science in Saint Petersburg
Authors: Popov V. D. , Bryukhanov A. Yu.
Published: March 2024

At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, there was a significant development in the field of domestic agricultural engineering science, which focused on the challenges associated with the creation of agricultural machinery. The integration of new technologies in agriculture necessitated a scientific foundation for these advancements, with a keen consideration for the traditional methods of land cultivation. It is posited that the origins of the scientific team at the Institute of Agroengineering and Environmental Problems of Agricultural Production can be traced back to the establishment of the Bureau of Agricultural Mechanics in Saint Petersburg in 1907. (Research purpose) The paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the historical and scientific foundations surrounding the emergence and evolution of agroengineering science in Saint Petersburg; and illustrate the continuity of scientific traditions in addressing production objectives within the realm of «Agroecology». (Materials and methods) The analysis was conducted by drawing upon publications that delve into the inception in Russia agricultural mechanization science, the chronicles of the State Agricultural Museum as well as materials prepared for the 100th anniversary of the Bureau of Agricultural Mechanics’ establishment. (Results and discussion) The paper outlines the primary stages and identifies the scientists who played pivotal roles in the operations of the Bureau during 1907-1917. Commencing its activities in Leningrad in 1930, the Institute was later relocated to Moscow. In Leningrad, branches of both VIM and VIESKH were established, where former members of the Bureau continued their work. Further, after various organizational changes, the Leningrad branches were amalgamated in 1962 to form an independent institution known as NIIMESKH of the North-West. This later evolved into the research and production association «Nechernozemagromash» with the workforce exceeding 1,200 employees. In 2018, the Institute once again became a branch of VIM, with a renewed focus on comprehensive scientific research aimed at ensuring the environmental sustainability of agricultural production. (Conclusions) The most significant outcome stemming from the team’s extensive history is the continuity of knowledge transmission. Presently, operating under the umbrella of the Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, the team at the Institute of Agroengineering and Environmental Problems of Agricultural Production continues the illustrious traditions of its inaugural predecessor—the Bureau of Agricultural Mechanics. It remains steadfast in its commitment to these traditions in tackling emerging challenges in agricultural science and practice.
Academician V.N. Boltinsky’s Scientific article Legacy in Agricultural Engineering Education and Science (Commemorating the 120th Anniversary of the Birth)
Authors: Erokhin M. N. , Tsench Yu. S. , Skorokhodov D. M.
Published: March 2024

The article delves into the scientific contributions and advancements of the eminent Russian scientist in agricultural tractor construction, Vasily Nikolaevich Boltinsky. (Research purpose) The paper aims to shape and consolidate historical, scientific, engineering and technical concepts regarding the establishment and development of scientific and pedagogical institutions focused on the study of tractor engine operation and machine-tractor units in unsteady modes. It also seeks to underscore the contributions made by Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, and Member of VASKHNIL, V.N. Boltinsky. (Materials and methods) The study employs a chronological approach, utilizing historical, scientific, and informational resources, including publications by prominent scientists and original works by the academician himself. The paper also analyzes and summarizes historical facts detailing the role of V.N. Boltinsky in enhancing the design and eﬃciency of Soviet tractors and machinery units. (Results and discussions) Throughout his career, from assistant to associate professor to vice-president of VASKHNIL, V.N. Boltinsky dedicated himself to developing and testing new models of both foreign and domestic tractor equipment. His extensive experience and years of research culminated in the publication of the monograph «Operation of a tractor engine under unsteady load», which extensively explores the impact of varying loads on engine performance. V.N. Boltinsky successfully solved problems related to enhancing the operational speed of machine and tractor units, as well as innovating the design of agricultural machinery. (Conclusions) The life and professional endeavors of V.N. Boltinsky serve as a shining example of dedication to science, education, and the professional advancement of engineering and scientific professionals. To honor his legacy, an annual scientific and practical seminar entitled «Academician V.N. Boltinsky Readings» is held in Russia, ensuring his contributions continue to be celebrated and remembered.
Academician D.N. Pryanishnikov and the Russian National Research School of Agrochemistry
Authors: Tsench Yu. S. , Sidorov I. S.
Published: March 2024

The paper emphasizes the pivotal role played by Academician Dmitry Nikolaevich Pryanishnikov in the history of domestic agriculture development. His name is indelibly associated with the introduction of the agriculture chemicalization concept in 1924. Being a follower of such scientists as J.B. Boussingault, D.I. Mendeleev, and K.A. Timiryazev, Dmitry Nikolaevich Pryanishnikov not only proposed the chemicalization principle but also formed a comprehensive research program for its implementation. Moreover, he created necessary educational conditions for specialists and courageously defended his doctrine against the criticism of his opponents in the 1930-1950s. (Research purpose) The paper aims to analyze the scientific heritage and biography of Academician D.N. Pryanishnikov in the context of the domestic agriculture chemicalization. (Materials and methods) The analysis relies on scrutinizing scientific monographs, legal documents, and other publications utilizing biographical, chronological, genetic and typological methods of historical and scientific research. ( ) The findings show that Pryanishnikov’s significance in the history of science stems from both his personal research achievements and his foundational role in establishing the domestic tradition of agrochemistry. This influence was evident in his organizational and pedagogical performance. The study identifies two distinct generations of direct students and followers of this eminent agricultural chemist. (Conclusions) Academician D.N. Pryanishnikov elevated agrochemistry in our country to a systematic discipline, rightfully earning recognition as the founder of the national scientific school. Contemporary researchers, who maintain academic and ideological continuity with him, persist in advancing scientific eﬀorts to support the chemicalization of agriculture. In doing so, they make significant contributions to the nation’s food security and enhance fundamental knowledge about living organisms.
Impact of Inter-Row Cultivation on Potato Tuber Yields in Organic Farming
Authors: Zakharov A. M. , Murzaev E. A.
Published: March 2024

The paper highlights the surging interest in organic agriculture among both food producers and consumers in Russia. However, when transitioning from intensive agricultural production to organic technologies, certain problems arise. This applies to crop cultivation, especially potatoes, as the ban on traditional mineral fertilizers necessitates the search for rational and science-based alternative methods. (Research purpose) The study aims to investigate the impact of deep inter-row potato cultivation on tuber yield without using fertilizers. (Materials and methods) To adapt crop cultivation practices in the North-West region to organic production requirements, a six-field crop rotation, including potatoes, was implemented at the Institute of Agroengineering and Environmental Problems of Agricultural Production. The experimental field soil is characterized as soddy-podzolic and light loamy. For the experiment, the domestic potato variety Udacha was used. Continuous monitoring was conducted for the soil’s physical parameters. Inter-row cultivation was performed in two ways: hilling with harrowing using the row-crop cultivator KON-2.8 + BRU (control planting) and deep cultivation to 27 centimeter depth with the KNO-2.8 + BRU (test planting). (Results and discussion) Digital agromonitoring of environmental climatic parameters and soil physical characteristics, including hardness and moisture content, was conducted. The study examined the impact of inter-row-cultivation method on potato yields over three years. In three-year retrospective study, the highest yield of 20.57 tons per hectare was achieved in 2022, while adverse soil and climatic conditions in 2021 led to the lowest yields of 12.8 tons in the control planting and 14.19 tons in the experiment planting. (Conclusions) By creating favorable soil conditions for potato development through eliminating compaction in the rows, the increase in yield can reach 27 percent due to deep row cultivation, improved soil moisture, and moisture retention.
Optimizing the Finishing Treatment of Potato Harvester Transmission Shafts
Authors: Nemenko A. V. , Nikitin M. M.
Published: March 2024

The potato harvester’s distinctive specifications include the spatially segregated drive of its units from an external engine, operating under stochastic conditions. This setup complicates the loading of its components, including transmission shafts, and creates the prerequisites for decreased durability, leading to an upsurge in fatigue failures. To counteract this process, transmission shafts undergo a special treatment aimed at mitigating concentrated defects. (Research purpose) The purpose of this research is to formulate an objective function for controlling the finishing treatment of transmission shafts in a potato harvester. This function is designed to maximize potato yield while monitoring concentrated defects. (Materials and methods) The implementation of the method requires equipment capable of being controlled through a technical vision channel. The control scheme employs mathematical tools for describing discrete and continuous random variables, Markov processes with discrete time and continuous state space, the maximum likelihood method, and methods of numerical optimization in multifactor space. (Results and discussion) The research has yielded formulas for calculating the probabilities of successful and unsuccessful outcomes of finishing treatment based on the criterion of concentrated defect presence. The paper provides the results of testing the proposed algorithm for predicting the yield of viable products using the proposed method based on interim measurements of defect characteristics during the treatment process. Additionally, a scheme is proposed for integrating the obtained results into the production process of manufacturing transmission shafts for potato harvesters. (Conclusions) An algorithm has been proposed to control the finishing treatment of the transmission shaft based on a predictive assessment of the probability of manufacturing a product that adheres to the specified technical criteria regarding geometry and surface cleanliness. The predictive probability of achieving a surface with the required cleanliness without exceeding permissible defect limits is considered as the objective function. The solution to the problem is achieved through the selection of appropriate technological parameters.
Positioning System of Working Bodies in Differential Spraying of Plants
Authors: Mirzaev M. A. , Smirnov I. G.
Published: March 2024

The paper highlights that the escalation in the use of pesticides and agrochemicals poses a significant risk to human health, environmental integrity, and food safety. The predominant method of pesticide application is crop spraying. Improved eﬃciency and quality of spraying, coupled with a reduction in drug costs, can be achieved by transitioning to diﬀerential treatment of agricultural land and precision dose regulation. The incorporation of robotic devices oﬀers a promising solution to facilitate the process of plant protection. (Research purpose) The research aims to develop a positioning system for a robotic diﬀerential spraying device. (Materials and methods) were subjected to chemical treatment by an autonomous field robot, and the quality of spraying was assessed using a nozzle. (Results and discussion) The research established a relationship between calculating the nozzle capture angle of an individual plant and the angle of lever lift. Subsequently, a computerized spraying model was developed, enabling the adjustment of various parameters and benchmarking the proposed diﬀerential spraying method against the traditional one. The variation coeﬃcient, reflecting the uniformity of droplet distribution on the plant surface, was calculated. The results indicate that the variation coeﬃcient is dependent on the speed and distance of spraying in diﬀerent operating modes, including individual plant spraying and row spraying. (Conclusions) The variation coeﬃcient for the traditional spray method was 46 percent. With the adoption of diﬀerential spraying methods, this variation coeﬃcient decreased to 25-28 percent for individual plant spraying and 33-40 percent for row spraying. Field studies further demonstrated a variation coeﬃcient of 19-24 percent for individual plant spraying in contrast to 30-35 percent for row-spray treatments.
La financiación de las pyme europeas: su relación con el entorno bancario e institucional
Authors: Mol-Gómez-Vázquez Ana , Hernández-Cánovas Ginés
Published: March 2024

Las pequeñas y medianas empresas (pyme) suelen encontrar grandes dificultades en el acceso a la financiación que necesitan para el desarrollo de su actividad empresarial. Estas empresas, en comparación con aquellas de mayor tamaño, son percibidas como empresas de alto riesgo debido a que sus estados financieros no suelen estar auditados, a la falta de un amplio historial crediticio o a la ausencia de activos que ofrecer como garantías. Estas características agravan las asimetrías informativas y los problemas de agencia y, como consecuencia, las pyme acaban experimentando graves restricciones financieras. Sin embargo, las decisiones de financiación de las pyme no sólo dependen de sus propias características, sino que además, las características de los países donde operan tienen un impacto directo en su acceso a la financiación. El funcionamiento y la solidez de las instituciones y del sector bancario son factores potenciadores o atenuadores del alcance de los problemas de agencia y de información asimétrica de las pyme. Por ello, el objetivo de este libro es analizar en qué medida la financiación y las restricciones financieras a las que se enfrentan las pyme se encuentran determinadas por la estructura del sector bancario y con el funcionamiento de las instituciones del país en el que operan.
Sistemas de energía eléctrica en alta tensión (2ª edición, revisada y aumentada)
Authors: Balbás García Francisco Javier
Published: March 2024

El diseño y gestión de un sistema eléctrico de potencia es una tarea harta complicada dado su comportamiento dinámico y las constantes variaciones de energía requeridas. En el presente libro para estudiar y favorecer la estabilidad del sistema eléctrico se analizan los principales elementos que lo constituyen, entre los que se encuentran las líneas de transporte, los generadores y los transformadores de energía eléctrica. Inicialmente, a partir de los parámetros de las líneas de transporte de energía eléctrica se obtiene una representación tanto analítica como gráfica que posibilita el estudio de su capacidad de transporte y del comportamiento ante las fluctuaciones de la energía generada y demandada. Posteriormente sumando la tipología de funcionamiento y posibilidades ofrecidas por las máquinas eléctricas generadoras y transformadoras de energía eléctrica se obtiene la facultad de analizar y favorecer la estabilidad de un sistema eléctrico en su totalidad, ante los cambios experimentados en las condiciones de trabajo y sus limitaciones. Para observar todo lo comentado se presentan las características y particularidades del sistema eléctrico español y del mix energético que lo compone, exponiendo y desarrollando las medidas para garantizar la seguridad y la calidad del suministro eléctrico para el usuario. Finalmente, se realiza una descripción de los principales impactos socio-ambientales de los sistemas eléctricos realizando un especial hincapié en las líneas de transporte de energía eléctrica. Se desarrolla la metodología de un estudio de impacto ambiental según normativa y las posibles medidas para la reducción, eliminación o compensación de los impactos que pudieran existir.
Examining the school governing bodies’ and their financial management roles and functions in public schools
Authors: Faku Dumaza , Mulaudzi Maelekanyo Christopher
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this paper is to examine the school governing bodies (SGBs) and their financial management roles and functions in public schools. Participants were 24 members of the SGBs’ finance committees who were selected through a purposive sampling technique. A qualitative research approach was followed, and an exploratory case study design was applied. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and secondary documents, and it was analyzed through thematic and document analysis techniques. The findings revealed that members of SGBs do not understand their financial management roles and functions as they do not have the requisite knowledge and skills (Bisschoff & Thurlow, 2005; Dlomo et al., 2022; Sebidi et al., 2023). The findings also revealed that some financial decisions are not taken by designated finance committees, and this compromises the financial management responsibility of SGBs. Furthermore, this study finds that parent members of the SGBs are mostly financially illiterate and passive in meetings, hence their reliance on the school principal for financial decisions (Kruger et al., 2022). This study concludes that members of SGBs must be adequately trained in financial management skills so that they can effectively support their schools.
Cost-effectiveness of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio test in pregnant patients with suspected Pre-eclampsia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Goutallier Charlotte S. , Carrandi Alayna , Brennecke Shaun , Callander Emily
Published: March 2024

Background: Pre-eclampsia (PE) affects approximately 2-4% of
pregnancies. Diagnosis involves repeated assessment of pregnant patients
with risk factors. The sFlt-1/PlGF ratio test is shown to have clinical
utility in ruling in and out PE among at-risk patients. By excluding the
probability of PE, the addition of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio test to
antenatal care, may prevent unnecessary hospital admissions, intensive
management, and premature delivery, thus reducing costs.
Objectives: A systematic review to determine the
cost-effectiveness of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio test globally for pregnant
patients at-risk of developing PE. Search Strategy: PubMed,
Medline (OVID), National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database,
Web of Science, Econlit, and Cost Effectiveness Analysis Registry
searched between 2013-April 2023. Selection Criteria: Empirical
studies quantifying costs of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio test compared to
other treatment options for patients with suspected PE. Data
collection and Analysis: Eleven studies were included; all were cost
analyses and modelled economic evaluations, and most used a health
system perspective. Cost data were extracted and indexed to 2022 United
States Dollars (USD). Main results: All studies reported
“cost-savings” of the test in antenatal care. Studies varied with
costs and assumptions included, therefore a large range of incremental
cost savings per patient was reported ($15-$1,881, 2022USD). No
Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratios or health outcomes including
Quality Adjusted Life Years were reported. Conclusions: The
included studies demonstrated “cost-savings” of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio
test in antenatal care for at-risk pregnant patients. However, this does
not account for health outcome differences and long-term health care
utilisation and expenditure. Funding: Nil
DNA barcoding insufficiently identifies European wild bees (Hymenoptera, Anthophila) due to taxonomic problems, genus-specific barcoding gaps, and database errors
Authors: Šet Janko , Šturm Rok , Koderman Blaž , Bevk Danilo , Gogala Andrej , Kutnjak Denis , Čandek Klemen , Gregorič Matjaž
Published: March 2024

Recent declines in insect abundances, especially populations of wild
pollinators, pose a threat to many natural and agricultural ecosystems.
Traditional species monitoring relies on morphological character
identification and is inadequate for efficient and standardized surveys.
DNA barcoding has become a standard approach for molecular
identification of organisms, aiming to overcome the shortcomings of
traditional species monitoring. However, its efficacy depends on the
completeness of reference databases. Large DNA barcoding efforts are
(almost entirely) lacking in many European countries, and such patchy
data limit Europe-wide analyses of precisely how to apply DNA barcoding
in wild bee identification. Here, we advance towards an effective
molecular identification of European wild bees. We conducted a
high-effort survey of wild bees in Slovenia, a country where central
Europe meets the Balkan peninsula, and DNA barcoded all collected
morpho-species. For global analyses, we complemented our DNA barcode
dataset with all relevant European species and conducted a global
analyses of species delimitation, general and genus-specific barcoding
gaps, and examined the error-rate in DNA data repositories. We found
that i) a sixth of all specimens from Slovenia could not be reliably
identified, ii) species delimitation methods show numerous systematic
problems, iii) there is no general barcoding gap across all bees, iv)
the barcoding gap is genus-specific, but only after curating for errors
in DNA data repositories. Intense sampling and barcoding efforts in
underrepresented regions and strict curation of DNA barcode repositories
are needed to enhance the use of DNA barcoding for identification of
wild bees.
Critical Size of Silver Iodide Containing Glaciogenic Cloud Seeding Particles
Authors: Chen Jie , Rösch Carolin , Rösch Michael , Shilin Aleksei , Kanji Zamin A.
Published: March 2024

Cloud seeding is considered a practical but unproved method to enhance
precipitation or suppress hail, due to the insufficient knowledge of ice
formation and evolution after seeding clouds with ice nucleating
particles. This study investigates the aerosol size effects on the ice
nucleation of commercial silver iodide (AgI) containing flares under
cloud-seeding conditions. The generated aerosol exhibited comparable ice
nucleation ability (INA) to pure AgI particles in the size range of 200
and 400 nm. Non-AgI impurities reduced the INA of flare particles
<90 nm, which is higher when compared to pure AgI (<
40 nm). The critical mass ice-active site density of the generated
aerosols (critical-nm) was derived based on our findings, indicating the
minimum mass concentration of AgI particles required for efficient ice
nucleation. The new parameterization to predict critical-nm can serve as
a reference to optimize the effectiveness of cloud-seeding materials for
practical use.
Understanding and Modeling the Dynamics of Storm-time Atmospheric Neutral Density using Random Forests
Authors: Murphy Kyle Robert , Halford Alexa J. , Liu Vivian , Klenzing Jeffrey , smith Jonathon , Garcia-Sage Katherine , Pettit Joshua M. , Rae I. Jonathan
Published: March 2024

Atmospheric neutral density is a crucial component to accurately
predicting and tracking the motion of satellites. During periods of
elevated solar and geomagnetic activity atmospheric neutral density
becomes highly variable and dynamic. This variability and enhanced
dynamics make it difficult to accurately model neutral density leading
to increased errors which propagate from neutral density models through
to orbit propagation models. In this paper we investigate the dynamics
of neutral density during geomagnetic storms. We use a combination of
solar and geomagnetic variables to develop three Random Forest machine
learning models of neutral density. These models are based on (1) slow
solar indices, (2) high cadence solar irradiance, and (3) combined
high-cadence solar irradiance and geomagnetic indices. During
quiet-times all three models perform well; however, during geomagnetic
storms the combined high cadence solar iradiance/geomagnetic model
performs significantly better than the models based solely on solar
activity. Overall, this work demonstrates the importance of including
geomagnetic activity in the modeling of atmospheric density and serves
as a proof of concept for using machine learning algorithms to model,
and in the future forecast atmospheric density for operational use.
Flow evolution and vertical accelerations in wave-swash interactions
Authors: Meza-Valle Claudio , Pujara Nimish
Published: March 2024

We report on a laboratory study of wave-swash interactions, which occur
in the very nearshore environment of a beach when the shallow swash flow
of a breaking wave interacts with a subsequent wave. Wave-swash
interactions have been observed in the field, hypothesized to be
important for nearshore transport processes, and categorized into
different qualitative types, but quantitative descriptions of their
dynamics have remained elusive. Using consecutive solitary waves with
different wave heights and separations, we are able to reliably and
repeatably generate a wide variety of wave-swash interactions with large
flow velocities and vertical accelerations. We find that wave-swash
interactions can be quantitatively characterized in terms of two
dimensionless parameters: H/H and
T/T, where the first is the wave
height ratio for consecutive waves and the second is a dimensionless
measure of the time separation between consecutive wave crests. We find
that wave-swash interactions commonly involve three main stages and that
the cross-shore location of these stages is dependent on the interaction
type. Using measurements of bed pressure and free-surface displacement,
we estimate the total vertical accelerations and focus on the peak
upward-directed acceleration. We find that wave-swash interactions can
generate vertical accelerations that can easily exceed gravity, despite
occurring in very shallow water depths. The vertical velocities during
large vertical accelerations are upward-directed and are quickly
followed by onshore-directed horizontal velocities. Together, our
findings suggest that wave-swash interactions are capable of inducing
large material suspension events of sediment or solutes in sediment
pores, and transporting them onshore.
A Bespoke Approach to Quantifying the Impacts of Disasters, Using Stakeholder-relevant Metrics
Authors: Wang Chenbo , Nocera Fabrizio , Cremen Gemma , Galasso Carmine , Manandhar Vibek , Malla Prayash
Published: March 2024

Disaster impact metrics (DIMs) are key outputs of natural-hazard risk
models/assessments that provide a tangible way of communicating risk.
However, typical DIMs are limited in that they tend to capture only
direct damage/economic losses, be specifically designed for developed
countries, account for just one snapshot in time, and be characterised
for individual assets rather than systems. These shortcomings somewhat
stem from a lack of understanding around the bespoke requirements of
different stakeholders concerning disaster impact/risk assessments.
Addressing these limitations, we propose a toolbox for characterising
context-specific DIMs that capture relevant stakeholder
priorities/requirements. The toolbox includes: (1) a comprehensive,
holistic pool of DIMs developed from a literature review and a
conceptual representation of societal dependencies; and (2) a
stakeholder-centred framework for facilitating the appropriate selection
of DIMs from this pool. We demonstrate the framework for Kathmandu,
Nepal, revealing that the relative importance of a given disaster impact
can change for different stakeholder groups and spatio-temporal
dimensions. Impacts related to direct damage/economic losses are not the
most crucial concern of the considered stakeholders. Higher priority is
placed on characterising accessibility impacts around utilities and
social networks, for instance. This work contributes to advancing the
usefulness of natural-hazard risk assessments for important
decision-making.
The Effects of Wave-Dependent Surface Fluxeson CESM2 Climate Simulations
Authors: Shi Xiaoming , Li Qing , Lestari Diah Valentina , Lin Shangfei , Su Hui
Published: March 2024

Processes at the air-sea interface govern the climate mean state and
climate variability by determining the exchange of momentum, heat, and
water between the atmosphere and ocean. Traditional climate models
compute those exchanges across the air-sea interface by assuming an
ocean surface with roughness determined by wind and stability
conditions, essentially assuming ocean surface waves are in equilibrium
states. In reality, that is rarely the case. Such effects have been
emphasized in numerical weather predictions for weather systems like
tropical cyclones. An accurate representation of ocean surface waves
requires a prognostic ocean surface wave model. The addition of
WAVEWATCH III (WW3) to the Community Earth System Model 2 (CESM2) makes
it possible to parameterize the impacts of ocean surface waves on
momentum and energy exchange. This study documents our implementation of
a wave-state-dependent surface flux scheme in CEMS2. Our scheme
considers the effects of waves on ocean surface roughness and those of
sea spray on surface sensible and latent heat. We found that the new
scheme significantly impacts the mean atmospheric circulation and the
upper ocean. The errors in mean atmospheric circulation and surface
temperature patterns are reduced. The modified surface flux lowers the
eddy-driven jet speed and weakens the Hadley circulation. Global mean
sea surface temperature (SST) warm bias is reduced due to the cooling of
the Southern Ocean and eastern boundary currents. In particular, the
eastern Pacific exhibited a weak cooling trend in the historical
simulation for the recent decades, reducing the existing SST trend bias
in CESM2.
The g-Drazin invertibility in a Banach algebra
Authors: Chen Huanyin , Sheibani Abdolyousef
Published: March 2024

We present necessary and sufficient conditions under which the
anti-triangular matrix (a b 1 0) over a Banach algebra has g-Drazin
inverse. New additive results for g-Drazin inverse are obtained. Then we
apply our results to 2 ? 2 operator matrices and generalize many known
results, e.g., [5, Theorem 2.2], [13, Theorem 2.1] and [14, Theorem 4.1].
AQL Sampling Plan Proposal Based on Two-Stage Cluster Sampling in Production Systems with High Unit Product Amount
Authors: Deste Mustafa , Günaydın Ezgi , Yurttaş Aziz
Published: March 2024

In this study, a proposal has been developed aimed at the establishment of an AQL sampling plan in enterprises that produce lots type with a high number of unit products and group packaging. In the developed model, two different sampling approaches were tested comparatively, based on the two-stage cluster sampling method approach. The application of the proposed model was carried out in a high-volume lots type bolt factory. In the first approach, the boxes (clusters) to be sampled were determined based on the number of boxes in the determined lot. In the second stage, the sample amount was determined by calculating the AQL over the unit number of products in the randomly selected boxes and an equal amount of sample was taken from the selected boxes. In the second approach, the boxes to be sampled were determined again based on the number of boxes in the determined lot, and the sample amount to be taken from the determined boxes was calculated based on the number of unit products in the whole lot. Trials were made for the acceptance quality limits of 2.5, 4 and 6.5 for both approaches and the acceptance/rejection statuses were compared.

Bu çalışmada, birim ürün adedi yüksek ve grup paketlemeli parti tipi üretim yapan işletmelerde AQL örnekleme planı oluşturulmasına yönelik bir öneri geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen modelde, iki aşamalı küme örnekleme yöntemi yaklaşımı temel alınarak iki farklı numune alma yaklaşımı karşılaştırmalı olarak test edilmiştir. Önerilen modelin uygulaması yüksek hacimli parti tipi üretim yapan bir cıvata fabrikasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Birinci yaklaşımda, belirlenen partideki kutu adedi baz alınarak örneklem alınacak kutular (kümeler) belirlenmiştir. İkinci aşamada ise, rassal olarak seçilen kutulardaki birim ürün adedi üzerinden AQL hesaplaması yapılarak numune miktarı belirlenmiş ve seçilen kutulardan eşit miktarda örnek alınmıştır. İkinci yaklaşımda ise, yine belirlenen partideki kutu adedi baz alınarak örneklem alınacak kutular belirlenmiş olup belirlenen kutulardan alınacak numune miktarı partinin tamamındaki birim ürün adedi baz alınarak hesaplanmıştır. Her iki yaklaşım için 2.5, 4 ve 6.5 kabul kalite sınırları için denemeler yapılmış ve kabul/red durumları karşılaştırılmıştır.
Optimization and GRA prediction of Al–Cu pulsed laser welding process based on RSM
Authors: Qin Xueqian , Zhao Yaowu , Wang Yao , Zeng Junjie , Zhou Liao , Ge Jinguo , Liu Qingyuan , Zhou Jia , Long Yuhong
Published: March 2024

In this paper, the process parameters of pulsed laser welding of Al–Cu are studied using response surface methodology (RSM) and grey relation analysis (GRA) to propose optimal directions for lap-shear strength of the joints. A single-factor experiment was conducted to find the suitable process parameter windows. The RSM models were established and analyzed with laser power, welding speed, pulse width, and frequency as inputs and joint lap shear, interfacial weld width, and weld-penetration-depth as outputs. With the use of GRA of interfacial weld width and weld penetration depth with the lap-shear force of joints, the improved direction for the lap-shear force of joints can be proposed.
Riga-Fede Disease or Neonatal Sublingual Traumatic Ulceration
Authors: NB* Nagaveni
Published: March 2024

In this article, “Riga-Fede disease” or syndrome which is also called as “Neonatal sublingual traumatic ulceration” is briefly described. It is a traumatic ulcerative lesion caused by presence of teeth at birth or later in life along with protrusive and intrusive movement of the tongue. Knowledge about this condition is highly essential among all clinicians to provide appropriate treatment for the tender and tiny infants developed with this condition.
Obesity Current Research and Future Hope
Authors: R* Haider
Published: March 2024

Obesity is an all-encompassing community health concern characterized by overconsumption of carcass fat, superior to adverse strength effects, containing cardiovascular ailments, diabetes, and various cancers. This abstract supports a short survey of current research styles and future prospects in the battle against obesity. Current research exertions are directed at understanding the complex interaction of historical, environmental, and behavioral determinants relating to corpulence. Genetic studies have identified abundant susceptibleness genes, peeling away the hereditary facets of corpulence. Meanwhile, material determinants such as obesogenic diets and lazy behaviors stretch to be key extents of investigation. Novel healing attacks and behavior qualification strategies are energetically being examined. Approaches involve the growth of anti-corpulence drugs, bariatric abscission, and attacks address gut micro biota. Promising findings are arising in the fields of accuracy, cure, personalized digestive approvals, plant structure, and individualized absorption. The future hope in the fight against corpulence lies in the unification of science and mathematical strength tools. Mobile devices, wearable devices, and telehealth manifestos offer creative ways to monitor and control corpulence. The big dossier science of logical analysis and artificial intelligence can help healthcare providers and cases form cognizant resolutions for personalized burden administration.
Benign Vulvar Conditions: Comprehensive Overview
Authors: H* Rehan
Published: March 2024

Benign ailments of organs surround a large spectrum of non-diseased environments that influence the genitalia of outdoor girls. These environments can cause pain, aches, and misery for the damaged objects. This review supports a concise survey of mild vulvar ailments and their dispassionate presentations, sickness, and management. Lichen sclerosis (LS) is a non-meansfinishing angering condition characterized by tingling, pain, and atrophic adjustments. Early acknowledgments and the state of affairs are sent via email to save you from never-ending confusion. Lichen planus provides accompanying mauve, polygonal papules, and erosions, and its management involves syndrome aid and immunosuppressive remedies, which are unavoidable. Vulvar dermatoses, together with touch rash and rash, frequently present with pruritus and call for identification and removal of determinants. Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is characterized by pre-malignant changes in the vulvar skin. Welltimed disease and invasion are essential for the development of vulvar tumors. Bartholin gland cysts and abscesses can result in pain, lumps, seepage, and marsupialization. Vestibulodynia and vulvodynia are caused by incessant vulvar pain, making it essential to use multidisciplinary techniques for efficient management. Understanding favorable vulvar illnesses and their distinct dispassionate visages is vital for proper disease management and tailored treatment plans. This records healthcare thought providers to determine appropriate care, relieve signs, and upgrade the reputation of the boom for stirred people.
Primary Amenorrhea is not Common, but it does Happen
Authors: S* Franjic
Published: March 2024

Primary amenorrhea is a term used to describe the absence of menstruation in girls who are young and have not yet become fertile. Every girl has primary amenorrhea from the moment she is born until the moment she gets her first period. However, if a girl has had primary amenorrhea for too long and has not become fertile even though she is well into her teenage years, this could be a problem.
La evaluación curricular como objeto de estudio en la investigación educativa
Authors: Carrera Hernàndez Celia
Published: March 2024

La evaluación curricular es un área de estudio que ha recibido escasa atención en la investigación educativa, lo que ha resultado en un desconocimiento de las corrientes teórico-metodológicas desde las cuales se aborda. Por eso, el propósito de la presente investigación consiste en detallar la producción académica y examinar las perspectivas teórico-metodológicas en torno a la evaluación curricular desarrollada por investigadores de Chihuahua, México, y publicada entre los años 2007 y 2021. La metodología empleada se sustentó en un enfoque cualitativo, enmarcado en un paradigma hermenéutico-interpretativo. Se analizaron 15 productos académicos, incluyendo ponencias, artículos, tesis doctorales y libros. Se observa una predominancia de enfoques técnico y práctico, los cuales se centran en la rendición de cuentas, la medición de indicadores de rendimiento, el seguimiento de graduados y la descripción del perfil de egreso. A partir de estos hallazgos, se infiere la importancia de fomentar una mayor investigación en este ámbito con el fin de contribuir a la mejora de la educación, la práctica docente, los programas implementados, la formación de investigadores, y al enriquecimiento del debate teórico-metodológico en el campo del currículo.
Validation of the Method for Quantifying Naringin in Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) Extract Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors:   Azerbaijan Medical University, Samad Vurgun Str., Baku, 9RWM+64M, Azerbaijan, Suleymanov Tahir , Aliyeva Kubra ,   Azerbaijan Medical University, Samad Vurgun Str., Baku, 9RWM+64M, Azerbaijan, Balayeva Emilya ,   Azerbaijan Medical University, Samad Vurgun Str., Baku, 9RWM+64M, Azerbaijan, Mansurova Leyla ,   Azerbaijan Medical University, Samad Vurgun Str., Baku, 9RWM+64M, Azerbaijan, Jalilova Kamala ,   Azerbaijan Medical University, Samad Vurgun Str., Baku, 9RWM+64M, Azerbaijan, Aliyeva Sabina ,   Azerbaijan Medical University, Samad Vurgun Str., Baku, 9RWM+64M, Azerbaijan
Published: March 2024

The study validates the HPLC method for quantifying naringin in a grapefruit extract. The demonstrated high accuracy, precision, and reproducibility were achieved with recovery ranging from 99.73% to 100.65%. The method linearity was confirmed by a correlation coefficient of 0.999. These findings have significant implications for grapefruit-based pharmaceutical development.
Effect of Bisphenol-Formaldehyde Resin on Physico-Mechanical Properties of Road Bitumen
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 S.Bandery St., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine, Demchuk Yuriy ,   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 69 Pekarska St., 79010 Lviv, Ukraine, Donchenko Myroslava ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 S.Bandery St., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine, Astakhova Olena ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 S.Bandery St., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine, Gunka Volodymyr ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 S.Bandery St., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine, Drapak Iryna ,   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 69 Pekarska St., 79010 Lviv, Ukraine, Sulyma Marta ,   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 69 Pekarska St., 79010 Lviv, Ukraine, Palianytsia Liubov ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 S.Bandery St., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine, Bratychak Michael ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 S.Bandery St., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine
Published: March 2024

A bisphenol-formaldehyde resin was synthesized using the polycondensation method of bisphenol A with formaldehyde. Road bitumen has been modified with this resin. The possibility of its use as a road petroleum bitumen modifier has been established for different contents of the synthesized resin. It has been established that the introduction of synthesized bisphenol-formaldehyde resin into the composition of bitumen significantly increases its heat resistance. The synthesized resin and modified bitumens were characterized using IR spectroscopy. The change in the composition and properties of the bitumen modified with bisphenol-formaldehyde resin has been described.
Experimental Evaluation of an Empirical Equation in a Gaseous Flow
Authors:   Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Facultad de Ingeniería Química Mariscal Castilla 3909, Huancayo, Perú, Lozano Povis Arlitt Amy , Sanabria Perez Elías Adrián ,   Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Facultad de Ingeniería Química Mariscal Castilla 3909, Huancayo, Perú
Published: March 2024

In this paper, the estimation error of Dr. Pole's empirical equation was evaluated using copper pipes of different diameters (0.00953, 0.0127, 0.01588 m), under different flow pressure conditions (0, 300, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000 L/h). To carry out the experiments, the following instruments were used: an air compressor, 2 flow valves, a needle valve, a gas rotameter, copper piping, pressure gauges and transmitters, a Norus data logger with 4 to 20 mA output signals, thermocouples, and thermoresistors. They allow us to establish that the air pressure drops when the flowing through the pipes is higher (380 Pa) for small diameter pipes (0.00953 m), compared to larger diameters (0.01270 m and 0.01588 m) with a maximum of 54 and 28 Pa, respectively; and in relation to the flow rates, the pressure drop increases with a quadratic trend with respect to the flow rate. Finally, the residual errors that the empirical equation has in the pressure drop calculations, in general terms, are not of great magnitude.
Kinetic Regularities of the Filtration Drying of Barley Brewer’s Spent Grain
Authors:   Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 S. Bandery St., Lviv, 79013, Ukraine, Ivashchuk Oleksandr , Atamanyuk Volodymyr ,   Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 S. Bandery St., Lviv, 79013, Ukraine, Chyzhovych Roman ,   Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 S. Bandery St., Lviv, 79013, Ukraine, Manastyrska Vladyslava ,   Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 S. Bandery St., Lviv, 79013, Ukraine, Barabakh Serhii ,   Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 S. Bandery St., Lviv, 79013, Ukraine, Hnativ Zoriana ,   Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 S. Bandery St., Lviv, 79013, Ukraine
Published: March 2024

The paper describes the study of the kinetics of filtration drying of barley brewer’s spent grain. The dependencies of the process at different parameters of the stationary layer and the heating agent are presented: different heights of the wet material H (40 mm, 80 mm, 120 mm, and 160 mm), different temperatures of the heating agent T (50 °C, 70 °C, 80 °C, and 90 °C), and the velocities of the heating agent through the stationary layer of material v0 (1.26 m/s, 1.55 m/s, 1.81 m/s, 2.31 m/s, and 2.82 m/s). The kinetic regularities of two drying periods were determined: the period of complete saturation of the heating agent with moisture and the period of partial saturation of the heating agent with moisture. The calculation dependencies describing the intensity of the filtration drying process in both periods are proposed. The equations for determining the drying time of barley brewer’s spent grain τI and τII during both periods are proposed. The absolute value of the maximum relative error of the experimental values of moisture content from the theoretically calculated ones is 19.83 %, and the average value of the relative error is 3.15 %, which is acceptable for practical design calculations of drying equipment.