bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lower Order Approximation of Bounded-Parameter Uncertain Systems using Amplitude Matching and Whale Optimization Algorithm with Constriction Factor
Authors: Malathi N , Devarajan N
Published: December 2020

Lower order modelling of uncertain bounded systems is presented in this paper using amplitude matching and Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) with Constriction Factor (CF). The amplitude matching technique ensures to retain the stability and dynamics of the original higher-order systems. The proposed optimization algorithm for minimum Integral Square Error (ISE) approximates the model so that the responses match closely. The results are validated by comparing the ISE values of existing models. The presented technique is applicable for both Linear Time Invariant Continuous Systems (LTICS) and Linear Time Invariant Discrete Systems (LTIDS) without any need for tedious calculation of domain transformation.
A Switchless Pentagon-shaped Reconfigurable Antenna for Radar Applications
Authors: Bahari N , Yob R C , Zahid L
Published: December 2020

This paper proposes a switchless pentagon-shaped microstrip patch antenna for radar and radionavigation applications. The antenna is built on Rogers RT5880 substrate with five rectangular radiating elements on top. Five ports have been set up to operate at 13.5 GHz resonant frequency. Besides having reflection coefficient below -10 dB, the antenna also offers high gain when about 8.29 dB is achieved. The proposed antenna also has a bi-directional radiation pattern with 360° of beam steering.
Think-aloud Technique in Assessing Practical Experience: A Pilot Study
Authors: Razali Z B , Kader M M A , Affendi N S S R , Daud M H
Published: December 2020

The learning domains such as cognitive, affective and psychomotor for Engineering Technology programs should be identified and valued. The acquisition of hands-on experience in workplace settings and laboratory classes is just as important as explicit technical knowledge, and should be measured in psychomotor domain. However, the explicit knowledge is valued in engineering technology education. Furthermore, practically all assessments measure cognitive value. This implicit devaluation of hands-on experience could significantly impair engineering technology students’ ability to acquire and value practical skills. Therefore, developing a new model to include effective assessment in psychomotor domain could be one way to overcome this problem. Thus, the aim of this project is to find ways to measure changes in hands-on experience in engineering laboratory classes. The second aim is to test the relationship between hands-on experiences acquired in laboratory classes with the ability to diagnose simple experiment faults in laboratory arrangements. The method of think-aloud is used in the research where the finding of students’ attainment is compared to experts’ acquisition. The results show that the value of psychomotor domain in laboratory classes via hands-on experience can be assessed and valued between two groups of students which is experiment and control group. Methodologies and detail results for this research are described in this project.
Scale adaptive region covariance descriptor for visual tracking
Authors: Abu Hassan Mohd Fauzi , Pri Azurahisham Sah , Ahmad Zakiah , Tuan Dir Tengku Mohd Azahar
Published: December 2020

This paper presents an adaptive approach for scale estimation in a tracking-by-detection framework. The proposed method works by learning covariance descriptor based on multi-layer instance search region. Our results show that the proposed approach significantly improves the performance in term of detection rate compared to region covariance descriptor with using a fixed bounding box (single scale). From this work, it is believed that we have constructed a greater solution in choosing best layer for this descriptor, permitting to move forward to the next issues such as fast motion or motion blur for achieving a robust tracking system.
BER ANALYSIS OF CHANNEL CODING TECHNIQUES FOR 5G NETWORKS
Authors: Benson Mansingh P M , Titus T Joby , Yuvaraju M
Published: December 2020

All Achieving error free communication is the major challenge in wireless technology because it provides the basement for reliable communication. But, practically error free communication is not possible due to impairments caused in wireless channel. The practical option that is available for reliable communication with minimized error rate is a channel coding technique. The various channel encoding techniques used are RS, convolutional codes, turbo codes etc., in various generations of wireless communication. The advanced version of 5G technologies needs a new type of channel coding technique that focuses on low complexity and minimized bit error rate. In this system candidate error correction coding schemes that can be used for 5G technology is reviewed in terms of bit error rate and complexity. This proposed system mainly focuses on two channel coding techniques namely convolutional codes and LDPC codes. The LDPC codes are currently used in 4G technologies and its feasibility with 5G wireless communication is evaluated in terms of BER performance and complexity and it is compared with the coded and uncoded convolutional codes. The results show that LDPC codes outperform the other coded system in terms of BER and complexity, also channel capacity of the MIMO-OFDM system is achieved nearer to the Shannon limit by using LDPC codes. According to the conducted studies, it is evident that the LDPC codes are excellent in having improved BER performance such that it could be used for next generation wireless communication.
Effects of Arm Width On The Performance Of Two Arm Archimedean Spiral Antenna
Authors: Jahun K.I. , Shire A.M , Baba M.A. , Bature U.I. , Nasir A.Y. , Abubakar K.S.
Published: December 2020

This paper presents the parametric study effects on the performance of two arm Archimedean spiral antenna. The effects of arm width were investigated in order to obtain an improved return loss, high gain, good axial ratio, high radiation efficiency and good radiation pattern throughout the frequency band of 3.1-10.6 GHz. The investigation of the parametric effects was done through simulation in CST software. Unidirectional radiation pattern is achieved when the spiral antenna is placed over a conducting ground plane. The results revealed that antenna’s performance is directly proportional with the increment of the arm width. Also the study finds out that arm width mainly affects the gain and axial ratio compared to the other antenna characteristics while arm spacing affects the return loss and gain of the antenna, as the arm spacing is increased the return loss and the gain of the antenna improved.
Screening of polymer precursors for preparation of nitrate imprinted polymer
Authors: Ishak Noorhidayah , Ahmad Mohd Noor , Shafiqul Islam A K M , Nasir Azalina Mohamed , Ahmad Muhammad Syafie , Kamaruddin Siti Fatimah
Published: December 2020

The molecular imprinting technique (MIT) has received considerable attention in the development of anion recognition materials which can be used in different applications. Major difficulty in molecular imprinting polymer is the selection of suitable polymer precursor such as template, type of monomer, amount of monomer and crosslinker that may influence the nitrate imprinted polymer (IIP) preparation. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the optimum parameters (type of template, type of monomer, amount monomer and crosslinker) during polymerization process. The optimum polymer particles were prepared by bulk polymerization using sodium nitrate as a template, allylthiourea as functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a cross linker and acetonitrile and dimethylsulfoxide as solvent by heating in an oil bath at 60 °C for 20 hour. The non imprinted polymer (NIP) was synthesized using the same method but without template molecule. The optimal condition of nitrate imprinted polymer synthesis was 3 mmol of monomer, 20 mmol of cross linker and 6 ml of solvent used with adsorption capacity of 14.06 mg/g and 1.27 imprinting factor. The IIP and NIP were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The FTIR analysis were showed that IIP and NIP were successfully synthesized. As conclusion from this research shows that the IIP produced has potential in to be used as nitrate adsorption in aqueous water.
Grid sensitivity studies for validation of human upper airways
Authors: Faizal W M , Khor C Y , Ghazali N N N , Zainon M Z
Published: December 2020

The studies of simulation in biomechanical engineering using computational fluid dynamics is the crucial approach nowadays for advance human surgery. The accuracy of result of simulation will help the surgery more efficient and less damage to the patient. The propose this research to investigate the most efficient number of elements could be used in validation the result of simulation of human upper airway. This research finds the 129k number of elements would give the accurate result in analysing human upper airway.
Parametric design optimization of an ankle rehabilitation robot using SolidWorks
Authors: Bin Shahrol Aman Muhammad Nazrin Shah , Bin Basah Shafriza Nisha , Bin Basaruddin Khairul Salleh , Wan Ahmad Wan Khairunizam Bin , Bin Ahmad Shahrol Aman , Mustafa Wan Azani
Published: December 2020

This paper presents the approach to determine most suitable dimensions and volume of the proposed ankle rehabilitation robot design. This design aim is the robot needs to be portable without compromising the workspace of the proposed robot and it must fulfill all required basic ankle motions. To do this, optimisation was used to generate possible initial dimensions in order to achieve suitable length for the outer frame through minimization of the dimensions. Based on the selected variables and constraints, the result of the optimization shows minimization of the proposed design has been achieved through reduction of the dimension of the outer frame of the robot in which translate the reduction of the weight of the robot.
Optimization of multiple quality characteristics for injection moulded polyamide helical gear via integration of Taguchi method and Grey relational analysis
Authors: Mehat N M , Md Noor H , Kamaruddin S
Published: December 2020

Considering the great importance of injection moulding in plastic gear manufacturing, it is momentous to effectively control all the influential factors in the plastic injection moulding industry to improve the quality characteristics of the final gear part. As plastic materials exhibit extremely convoluted properties, the complexity of the injection moulding process makes it very challenging to attain the desired gear part properties. Since the intricate injection moulding process produces a wide range of parts with complex shapes within very narrow limits of tolerances, requires a great effort in order to keep the quality characteristics of moulded gears under control. In fact, the optimum properties of the plastic material cannot be achieved even with the most innovative part and mould design, and become meaningless without optimized processing parameters during the gear manufacturing. Therefore, the aim of this study is to propose the integration of Taguchi method/Grey relational analysis optimization approach in designing the gear part, setting up processing parameters, and selecting a suitable material for a helical gear via numerical simulation. The findings implied that an experimental design based on the integration of numerical simulation and Taguchi/Grey relational analysis is capable to enhance the multi-quality characteristic of the helical gear.
Analysis of different welding speeds and the micro structure on the welded joints of silicon steel pipe
Authors: Itas Y S , Baballe A , Danmadami A M , Yahaya S A
Published: December 2020

This research “the analysis of different welding speeds, the micro structure on the welded joints of silicon steel pipe” has been carried out on precise and accurate measurements of parameters. The effects of different laser powers on the weld material have critically been studied and analyzed. Welding speeds have great effect on the micro-structure and morphology of the weld material. The determination of the basic components of the active agent is the key of the preparation. The active materials selected in this experiment are the commonly used oxides (SiO2, TiO2, and Cr2O3) and fluoride (NaF) reagents. However, the comprehensive experiment contains a large number of the level of combination; the workload is huge, due to the experimental site, experimental materials, funding, and time constraints lead to low efficiency. In the laser welding of silicon steel sheet, coating active agent can increase the penetration depth and affect the weld formation, and the influence of active agent NaF and SiO2 on weld penetration of silicon steel sheet is significant. The formula G is the most effective in increasing the penetration depth, including 25% SiO2, 25% TiO2, 12.5%Cr2O3 and 37.5% NaF.
Performance and Emission Characteristics of Mahua Biodiesel blends
Authors: Tamilselvan R , Karthikeyan I , Vijian P
Published: December 2020

The performance and emission characteristics of an engine that burns with Mahua biodiesel of 10%, 20% and 30% blends with diesel (on a volume basis) per unit area is investigated and compared with normal diesel fuel. The investigation is carried out to enhance the efficiency of the diesel fuel using biodiesel blends. The engine utilizes a direct injection system with a variable compression ratio. Also, the experiment was allotted with explicit injection temporal arrangement at 120 before the top dead center (BTDC) with the various compression ratios (air-fuel ratio) per unit area as 15:1, 16:1 and 17:1. Experiments were carried out at a constant speed of 1500 revolutions per minute. The results of the compression ratio relationship on brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, and emission characteristics have been investigated and associated. The mix blend 10 (B10) and the Compression ratio (CR) 17 are found to offer most mechanical efficiency at higher compression magnitude relations and it turns out to be 27.32%. Conjointly the Specific Fuel consumption (SFC) of mix B10 is found to be reduced in comparison to that of plain diesel. Emission parameters per unit area were analyzed with different various blends and different compression ratio relationships and compared with diesel fuel. The emission of Carbon monoxide oxides (CO), Hydrocarbons (HC) were generated with a rise in mixing magnitude relation and compression magnitude relations of most loads. Conjointly carbon dioxide emissions were found to be more than in diesel. The engine performance was found to be optimal once persecution of B10 as fuel at a compression magnitude relation of 17:1 throughout full load condition is when made.
Research on the performance characteristics of rapeseed oil for its use as a diesel fuel additive
Authors: Zlateva P , Demirova S
Published: December 2020

Traditionally used fuels can be replaced with one of the possible alternatives such as rapeseed oil. With the development of Industry 4.0 and the high environmental requirements, research into reducing carbon dioxide emissions continues. To this end, research has been carried out on the performance characteristics of rapeseed oil, diesel and mixed fuel - 8% rapeseed oil and 92% diesel. In order to optimize the process, a study and in-depth analysis of the results of the use of diesel with the addition of biodiesel by end-customers has been carried out.
Investigation upon the operational factors influencing the smoke emissions from diesel engine
Authors: Moneva I K , Gramenova-Angelova M V , Ivanova M S , Petrov I S
Published: December 2020

The results of laboratory examinations of the ecological characteristics of diesel internal-combustion engine are represented in this article. The powerful, economical and ecological parameters of a diesel engine investigated in this article are presented by the speed characteristics of effective torque, injected fuel per cycle, and fuel and air consumption per hour, temperature, and smoke emissions of exhaust gases. On the basis of the experimental dependences a mathematical model is designed. Parameters influencing significantly the smoke emissions of exhaust gases are investigated. The factors, injected fuel per cycle and excess-air factor, are examined at different operation regimes of the engine.
Precision vibration measurement systems
Authors: Stefanov S , Hristov R , Toteva P
Published: December 2020

This report examines the design of a vibrostand for precision vibration measurements by comparing the parameters of the transducer with that of a reference transducer. The report gives the methodology for designing a stand for precise vibration measurements. Based on the theoretical calculation, a stand for precise vibration measurements was designed and manufactured. The manufactured stand has the lowest possible natural frequency, a characteristic of the suspension approaching the ideal, the possibility to adjust the stiffness of the suspension and a large load capacity.
A SI Engine Indicated Characteristics Determination for Gasoline and Methane Operation
Authors: Dimitrov R D , Bogdanov Kr Ts , Magdziak-Tokłowicz M , Andonov N A , Panayotova V Z
Published: December 2020

The present paper presents a study whose objective is to determine the indicated parameters of an spark-ignition engine and external mixture formation when running on methane and gasoline. The experiments were carried out using optimum adjusting parameters for engine operation on methane and gasoline fuels. The parameters measured and determined are: indicated specific fuel consumption, indicated mean effective pressure, indicated power, indicated efficiency, friction mean effective pressure and etc. over the entire engine speed range. An analysis of the obtained results is made, comparing the obtained indicated parameters at the operation of internal combustion engines with alternative fuel - methane and traditional fuel - gasoline.
Changes in fuel supply parameters of Common Rail nozzle after major service intervals
Authors: Uzuntonev Trifon , Belchev Sergey
Published: December 2020

In a number of countries of the European Union the average age of vehicle fleet is over 15 years, and in the entire European Union vehicles are on average 11.1 years old. This means that the environmental parameters are largely determined by the technical condition of the current vehicle fleet and in particular by the condition of fuel systems operated over extended periods of time. The article examines the changes in the behaviour of electromagnetic nozzles of Common Rail fuel system as a result of irreversible wear and deformation, which in turn affects the hydraulic characteristics and controllable fuel supply parameters. The influence of the changes in the electromagnetic nozzle’s adjustable geometric clearances on the injected fuel and the dephasing of this process in relation to the moment of transmission of the control pulse are examined. An analysis of the impact of these phenomena on the work process development in terms of deterioration of the vehicle’s environmental characteristics is made.
Automatic Diabetic Detection System based on Retina Using an artificial intelligent system
Authors: Alaydrus Zayd Assyarif , Astuti Winda , Tan Sofyan
Published: December 2020

The Diabetes measurement level usually uses the blood sugar test method, where patients have to fast for eight hours before the test. Glucose tests generally only require a small sample of blood using a sterile needle from the glucometer. The sufferer may feel pain due to a pin prick. However, not all diabetics can do glucose tests regarding having a great fear of syringes, especially in older patients. Therefore, in this work, the diabetic detection system with the retina is an alternative for early checking of patients without having to take a sample of the blood patient. The Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) is used to extract the signal, in which the extracted the retina image is later used as input to the artificial neural network (ANN) based identifier. The retina image parameters are compared and classified to identify the human retina that are intended to be performed. The results of the computer simulation show that this technique produces good accuracy 100% and 96.6%, for training and testing phases, respectively.
Fast and Accurate Fish Classification from Underwater Video using You Only Look Once
Authors: Lathifah Hasna Maudi , Novamizanti Ledya , Rizal Syamsul
Published: December 2020

Indonesia is a maritime country and one of the largest archipelago countries in the world. Indonesian fisheries have many types of fish in stock, this causes difficulties in introducing fish species directly. This study designed a fish species classification system using the You Only Look Once (YOLO) architecture. YOLO is an object detection method using a convolutional network that will only be just once. Unlike the convolutional networks in general that spend thousands of networks to obtain an image with computing that is long enough. The architecture of this work using YOLO9000. The dataset consists of 6 classes, that is banded butterflyfish, blue tang surgeonfish, barred hamlet, black side hawkfish, Arabian Picasso triggerfish, dan black margate grunt. System testing produces an accuracy of 92%, IoS 0.75, and 2.223 FPS using Adam optimizer. The proposed system model has good accuracy and fast detection time.
Artificial Neural Networks For Pattern Recognize Handwritten
Authors: Nugroho Arief Kelik , Permadi Ipung , Hanifa Aini , Wiyanti Dian Tri
Published: December 2020

Backpropagation is a supervised learning method on artificial neural networks. The process of training artificial neural networks that are built will be tested several structures of artificial neural networks, with the hope that the best structure is obtained to produce the output with the smallest error. The evaluation purposes use the same data set to form a neural model with a hidden level and the neuron model with two hidden levels then compare these three models both in terms of classification accuracy and training time. A neural network can be concluded that for each architecture, the neural network architecture used to recognize type 3 is 82,42%, type 2 77,5%, type 1 98,1%.
Thermal Hotspots Distribution of MODIS Aqua/Terra Satellite in Humbang Hasudutan Regency, Northern Sumatra
Authors: Darmawan Yahya , Nainggolan Lamtupa , Hutapea Thahir Daniel , Syahputra Makmur Erwin Eka , Munir Ivan Mambaul
Published: December 2020

The hotspot of MODIS Aqua/Terra represents the high risk of land/forest fire due to an extreme temperature over the hotspot location. Spatial-temporal analysis of the hotspot can be used to map the regions with a high vulnerability of forest/land fires. This study has an objective to use hotspot data from MODIS Aqua/Terra to map the forest/land fires over the Humbang Hasudutan Regency from 2001 to 2019. In spatial, the hotspot mostly occurs in the eastern part of the study area (Doloksanggul and Pollung), which this area has assigned as the peatland area. Based on land cover, the hotspot often detected over the dryland agriculture, dryland with shrubs, and bare soil. In temporal, the hotspot mostly increases during the dry seasons such as February, June, and July. The hotspot decreases during the wet season, such as January, October, November, and December. Besides, there was an inversely proportional between the number of detected hotspots and rainfall over the study area.
Detection of Flood Inundation in the Progo Watershed using the SHETRAN Model
Authors: Suroso  , Nadawaty Refin , Santoso Purwanto Bekti
Published: December 2020

Floods are the most frequent disasters in Indonesia in the past 20 years. Based on the Indonesian Disaster Information Data (DIBI) compiled by BNPB, there are considered to be 9053 events (37.5%) of the total natural disaster events in Indonesia. The flood disaster has threatened and disrupted people’s lives and even resulted in fatalities, environmental damage, property losses, and psychological impacts. Therefore several efforts of flood risk reduction are required. One of them is to develop a model to detect the depth of flood inundation. The purpose of this study is to apply the SHETRAN Model for flood inundation detection in the Progo Watershed. The SHETRAN model is a distributed hydrological model. The data required in this model are hydro-climatological data, including rainfall and evaporation, land use land cover, soil type, and topography data obtained from remote sensing. The results of this study indicate that in the range from 2001 to 2017, the maximum height of flood inundation between the data on flood events in the field and the phreatic depth of the results from the SHETRAN Model were 0.606 m which occurred on January 17, 2013 in Tirta Rahayu Village, Sub-district Galur, Kulon Progo Regency. While the maximum height of flood inundation results from the RStudio analysis on the Progo Watershed range from 2001 to 2017 were 3,856 m which occurred in 2010.
Run-up Height and Flow Depth Simulation of the 2006 South Java Tsunami Using COMCOT on Widarapayung Beach
Authors: Tri Laksono FX Anjar , Aditama Maulana Rizki , Setijadi Rachmad , Ramadhan Gumilar
Published: December 2020

The destructive force of the tsunami could induce a considerable amount of casualties, infrastructures, and properties. One of the large tsunamis in Indonesia is 2006 South of Java Tsunami. There were 664 fatalities, 498 injured, 55 million dollars in losses, and 1623 homes damaged. Simulations of flow depth and run-up of the 2006 tsunami on Widarapayung Beach have never been conducted. Although they can be used as a basis for determining tsunami hazard zones. The method that might be used for tsunami impact analysis is tsunami waves modeling by considering the focal mechanism. The aims of this research are to determine the run-up height and flow depth of the 2006 tsunami on Widarapayung Beach. The calculations of modeling were performed using COMCOT numerical model. It operates calculations by solving shallow water equations in both linear and non-linear equations. Using this model, the generation and propagation of tsunami in a multi-grid system could be simulated. The result of the simulations on three different models depicts that the maximum run-up height on Widarapayung Beach is 3 to 3.8 m. The flow depth result from the three different models also suggests vulnerable areas up to 1 km from the shoreline.
Comparison of Preprint Publication Server Using Analytical Hierarchy Process
Authors: Aurachman Rio
Published: December 2020

Publishing a scientific paper has many alternatives. One of them is to publish in preprint servers. In this work, we aim to compare available preprint servers by using several assessment criteria such as ease of citation and online accessibility. Based on the comparison, we recommend osf.io as a more convenient place to publish preprint articles. Osf.io meets the criteria of ease of citation and index on Google Scholar. Osf.io also fulfills several other assessment criteria.
Design Mitigation and Monitoring System of Blood Supply Chain Using SCOR (Supply Chain Operational Reference) and HOR (House of Risk)
Authors: Raras Dewantari Maria Francisca , Ridwan Ari Yanuar , Pambudi Hardian Kokoh
Published: December 2020

Blood supply chain manages the flow of blood product from donors to patients. One of the service provider is PMI which contributes 92% of blood national donation. In fact, demands and supplies of in a blood supply chain are often unpredictable. They contribute to the occurrence of risks which have direct impacts on human life. Thus need a risk management to mitigate such impacts. One way to do so is by using Supply Chain Operational Reference (SCOR) model for mapping the activities of blood chain. Thus, it can facilitate the identification of risk events and risk agents. Further risk events and risk agents are processed using House of Risk (HOR). While the aim of HOR1 is to identify priority of the risk events, the HOR2 arranges necessary mitigation strategies. Moreover, in this work, there are 9 risk agents chosen from HOR1 and 8 preventive actions for the mitigation. Additionally, this research develop a monitoring system that may assist to monitor the occurring risks.
Facility Layout Design with Corelap Algorithm for Educational Tour
Authors: Jati Nayoko Prasetyo , Indah Rahayu Apsari Dita , Salsabila Shelly Elvina , ‘Azzam Abdullah
Published: December 2020

Yogyakarta has potential in the field of tourism. Many places can be chosen to be visited, including tourism education village. This village is interesting because not only a vacation spot, but we can also increase our knowledge there. Currently, Widodomartani villagers are planning to create a tourism education village inspired by the tourism education village in Kebumen. To make a tourism education village there must be good planning. The purpose of this study is to assist Widodomartani villagers in planning the facility layout of an educational village. The analysis that will be carried out includes making business processes, identifying facilities, and establish facility layouts that can be used to plan the layout of facilities. Layouting facilities are done by the Corelap algorithm based on the relationship between the facilities. Based on TCR (Total Closeness Rating) for each department, where TCR is the number of value calculated based on the rating of a systematic approach. Determination of the layout of facilities for 24 facilities is done using Activity Relationship Diagrams by considering the Total Closeness Rating between existing facilities as a basis for determining the layout of facilities. From the results of the closeness relationship, layout optimization is done using CORELAP (Computerized Relationship Layout Planning) software to get the optimal layout which is then actualized described in Widodomartani tourism education village land.
African Buffalo Optimization for Solving Flow Shop Scheduling Problem to Minimize Makespan
Authors: Krisnawati M , Sibarani A A , Mustikasari A , Aulia D
Published: December 2020

In this paper, African Buffalo Optimization is proposed to solve the flow-shop Scheduling Problem (FSP). The FSP involves n-job that was processed in m-machine. The aim is to reduce the makespan of the whole process. In this study, we also compare the African Buffalo Optimization with an exact solution and other meta-heuristic methods, such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Hybrid Genetics Algorithm, and also Crow-search Algorithm (CSA) to know the performance of the methods in solution quality and computational time. Friedman test showing African Buffalo Optimization gives an optimal solution in solution quality, the same result with the exact solution, PSO, and hybrid GA.
Design and analysis of gear testing kit and static structural analysis of spur gear using ANSYS software
Authors: Senthilnathan K , Kumar S Bharani , Suresh G , Ravi Rajesh , Srinivasan T , Krishnan G Sai
Published: December 2020

Over the years, transmission system plays a vital role in automobile industry in order to improve the performance of vehicle. Since 323 BC to till date gears plays a vital role in building the integral parts of washing machines, gear pumps, gear motors and wrist watches and so on. The lot of gear applications are extended in all sector of transmission mediums, without gear elements most of the transmission become invaluable in modern engineering industry. This paper aims to design and analysis of gear testing kit, for testing the load generation developed on the gear tooth through brake drum. The main objective of this work is to design the components in a gear testing kit and the components involved in the gear testing domain, are modelled using CATIA software. The main components in our paper are 1/2hp motor, coupling; shaft and bearing, mating gears are made of same dimensions and of different materials. Further the work is to analyse the mating gears which are made of same material and analysis are carried through ANSYS software. Static Structural Analysis is carried through ANSYS analytical Software. Two types of plots are performed and their corresponding Von – Misses stress and Total Deformation at three different torque levels are evaluated.
Analytical and Numerical Approach on Design of Cageless Open Differential Unit
Authors: Ravikumar L , Yashwant K , Aravindan B , Vasanth Krishnan A , Jeyachandran Jerein
Published: December 2020

A differential is a gear train that transmits an engine’s torque to the wheels. During a turn, the outer and inner wheels of the vehicle are forced to travel along paths of different radii. A differential allows the outer driving wheel to rotate at a faster speed when compared to the inner driving wheel during a turn. It is designed such that, increase in speed of one wheel is balanced by a decrease in speed of the other. This ensures that the vehicle can negotiate a turning without slipping. The gears in the differential are supported by a cage which results in its bulky appearance and heavy form. This causes a number of disadvantages such as difference in length of the driveshafts and offset center of mass of the system due to asymmetrical design. Such a cage also adds additional weight to the vehicle and increases fuel consumption as a consequence. Its elimination results in a more compact and lightweight configuration. This paper focuses on the complete methodology of designing and analyzing a cageless differential. Various materials were considered for the assembly and one with adequate properties of strength, wear resistance and other core parameters was selected. Gear ratios were obtained through theoretical calculation and the values were used as input for designing using Solidworks software. Finite element analysis of the gear train was carried out using ANSYS Workbench to test the structural integrity and durability of the system through various types of analysis such as linear static structural, fatigue and explicit dynamic analysis. The results proved that the design meets the desired functionality and is an improvement to the conventional type of differential gearbox.
Investigations of the effect of the tool rotational speed on friction stir welded joint on aluminium metal matrix hybrid composite
Authors: Suresh Babu B , Maniratnam A S , Balaji T , Chandramohan G , Ambedkar T , Arunvarman B , Hari Prasath A , Hari Venkatesh R
Published: December 2020

Aluminium alloy based hybrid composites with ceramic reinforcements has caught the interest of research nowadays. The addition of more than one reinforcement in aluminium alloy matrix leads to the fabrication of Aluminium Metal Matrix Hybrid Composite (AMMHC). The need for the present investigation arrives from the above considerations in exploring the potential of joining the newly developed AMMHC for automobile applications. The stir casted Al 6063 with reinforcement 5% wt. Silicon Carbide (SiC) and 5% wt. Boron Carbide (B4C) was prepared and joined by friction stir welding (FSW) route. The prime experimental work has been tried out in the FSW process by varying Tool Rotational Speed (TRS) from 800-1200 rpm. The effect of TRS on AMMHCs was studied by evaluating macro and microstructural parameters followed by microhardness and ultimate tensile strength. It was seen that the1000 rpm of TRS gives better properties than other processing conditions. This effect of TRS revealed that fine particle dispersion followed by higher join strength can be obtained for AMMHC. This fabrication of AMMHC and the FSW processing parameter was recommended for automobile component applications.
Emission characteristics study of Gasoline-Diesel and Gasoline-Diesel/pentanol blend
Authors: Mathavan S , Mothilal T , Dillibabu V , Billy D , Muthu G
Published: December 2020

Increase in vehicular emission affects the environment due to air pollution. Emission laws are formulated to control vehicular emission and all nations show their intensive interest in alternative fuel for pollution reduction and fuel economy. In the present work, experiment was carried out in a direct diesel inject 4-S engine; for diesel, Gasoline-Diesel and Gasoline-Diesel/pentanol blend (D70/P30). For dual fuel mode, Diesel is supplied from main injection and Gasoline was injected into the port at 5 bar. The result indicates high hydrocarbon emission at no load condition for both Gasoline-Diesel (1200 PPM) and Gasoline-Diesel/Pentanol blend (1170 PPM). Maximum NOx emission was observed for D70-P30 blend. Low CO emission (<2%), CO2 emission (<6%) and smoke emission (<70 PPM) was observed in blended fuel up to 60% load condition.
Study on Spray Dried Yttria Stabilized Zirconia Dental Implants
Authors: Biju Sharon , Riya  , Gowtham Sanjai S , Ramaswamy Parvati
Published: December 2020

Medical implants are devices, tissues or supports that are positioned in a suitable manner on any defective part of the human body to facilitate its smooth functioning again. Known as ‘prosthetics’, they may be used to offer support to a specific organ or tissues, distribute medication, or observe the body condition. While many of the implants are made from skin, bone or other tissues removed from the body itself, the artificial ones are made from engineering materials which could be any of the compatible metals, plastics, ceramics or even composites. The high end technologically advanced implant material is expected to withstand severe barriers and compatibility issues when in contact with the human body. One such application is dental implants, where, the materials must possess superior mechanical properties, exhibit good hydro-chemical and low thermal degradation characteristics. They are also required to possess characteristics such as low friction, strong wear resistance, good wettability and biocompatibility, when placed in the mouth. The only materials that come close to meeting the needs are ceramics, limited by the associated high fracture rate. Stabilized zirconia (stabilized with yttria, ceria etc.) has provided potential solution. Among the two stabilizers, ceria stabilized zirconia may be a better alternative to yttria stabilized zirconia. Other alternatives are alumina, apatites: but their use are constrained based upon technological and cost considerations. Implant product is a highly demanding technology. Spray drying is a suitable process methodology to obtain free flowing powders with uniform morphology and chemical composition, essential for an implant production. This paper presents (i) results from spray drying 8% Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2 and (ii) a review of published literature pertaining to dental implant materials, the various processing methodologies, with special reference to stabilized zirconia and spray drying.
Design of IoT Based Object Tracking System for Identifying the RSS Value Access Point to Trilaterate the Location
Authors: Dhanraj Joshuva Arockia , Sivakumar Aravinth , Krishnamurthy Balachandar , Ramanathan Kuppan Chetty , Ashwin Kumar K
Published: December 2020

In an expansive environment, due to continuous change of location of objects, tracking a moving object is a challenging task, in intelligent IoT service provisioned. Tracking of objects indoors using conventional methods like GPS can give out signals not as accurately as we get outside due to the signal attenuation, thus GPS gets poor results, moreover, the inclusion of other effective positioning modules increases the overall cost of production of the device. Nowadays, Wi-Fi networks are prevalent in most public buildings and do not require any additional infrastructure, so we have come with an idea of this is that we could propose an efficient and reliable Wi-Fi-real time tracking system with help access points and signals strength. We are using a combination of two approaches where the first one uses pre-recorded received signal strengths. From the access points, and data is transmitted from the user on the move. It is known as the fingerprinting method. The second approach is trilateration from the known access points coordinates from the user’s device to find the position. The combination of these steps improves the accuracy of the user position in an indoor environment. The experiments presented in this research helps us understand and provide the source of a foundation for the indoor/outdoor positioning.
Thermal Property Analysis and Characteristic Study of Ploy Ethylene Glycol with Diverse Molecular Weight for Thermal Energy Storage Material
Authors: Jagannathan S , Shanmuga Sundaram A , Kanchana V , Rajesh R
Published: December 2020

In this study, the investigation on thermal property and characteristic analysis of Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEGs) material by varying the molecular weights is examined. In this context, the study on thermal energy material storage is explored by using the different techniques such as Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) for persistent heating rate and Thermal Gravity Analysis (TGA) for determining the amount of change of mass of the material in addition to the function of increasing temperature. Subsequently, the characterization of PEGs with different molecular weight is carried out to explore the property and insight of the material by using the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) by examining the surface topology, crystallography in addition to this the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques for catch a glimpse of the crystal structure is studied. As an outcome, in the DSC techniques the results made known when the molecular weight increases, correspondingly the melting temperature and solidification temperature similarly increases however, the heat of fusion during the freezing cycle increases. In the TGA techniques, similarly specified increases in the volume of PEG with different molecular weight has resulted in an increase in the temperature. Subsequently, in the characterization of the PEGs, the SEM has shown an enormous amount of insignificant sphere-shaped crystal-like structures which are joined together and impinging on their neighbour’s which paved the way for the formation of a multi-layered lamellar structure in due course activated rise in the solidification temperature in its molecular weight. Henceforth, from the analytical studies, it’s been evident that the molecular weight greatly influences the mechanical and thermal properties of PEGs. In this concern, the PEGs blends are a potential benefit to replace pure components.
An Numerical Investigation of Open Coil Helical Compression Spring Using Different Alloys Materials for Light Duty Vehicle
Authors: Tilahun Samuel , Velmurugan P.
Published: December 2020

The main purposes of automobile open coil suspension systems are to isolate the chassis of the vehicle and the passenger from shocks and vibrations caused by irregularities of the road surface. The main objective of this work is to concentration on the stress and deflection of open coil helical spring used in light vehicle suspension spring with different materials. Finite Element Analysis of open coil helical spring has been carried out. In FEA 3D modeling is done in SOLIDWORKS and analysis is in ANSYS software. From the ANSYS results, it is observed that the maximum deflection in the Chrome Vanadium spring is 217.47 mm and in Chrome Silicon and Hard drawn steel springs are 212.83 mm and 212.36 mm respectively. From the ANSYS results, it also seen that the shear stress in the Chrome Vanadium spring is 757.21 MPa and in Chrome Silicon and Hard drawn steel springs are 753.65 MPa and 761.32 MPa respectively. From ANSYS results the maximum shear stress of Chrome Silicon alloy steel spring is less compared to Chrome Vanadium and Hard Drawn alloy steel spring.
Effect of Kevlar Ply Orientation on Mechanical Characterization of Kevlar-Glass Fiber Laminated Composites
Authors: Vasudevan A , Pandiyarajan R , Navin Kumar B , Vijayarangam J
Published: December 2020

Composite materials are highly suitable to withstand with mechanical loads compared to conventional materials. At present, these materials are being substituted with composite materials due to their superior properties and broadly used in aerospace industries and other industries. In this work, investigations are conducted out to determine the mechanical properties of composite laminates, for various orientations (0°/30°/45°/60°) of kevlar fibres with glass fibres. The different mechanical testing such as tensile test, flexural test and dynamic Mechanical Properties of the hybrid composite material with various orientations of the top and bottom Kevlar laminates were evaluated. It is concluded that the Fabricated hybrid composites with 0° orientation of the Kevlar fibres exhibit higher tensile Strength as well as flexural strength compared to the composites with oriented kevlar fibres (30°/45°/60°). The increased mechanical properties of the 0° hybrid is due the alignment of the kevlar fibres in loading direction which causes it to act as the primary load bearing structure whereas in the oriented hybrid composites the glass fibre acts as the initial load bearing structure.
Mechanical performance of TiC filled chopped basalt fibre reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Anand Chairman C , Marichamy S , Dhinakaran V , Stalin B , Ravichandran M , Balasubramanian M
Published: December 2020

The consequence of incorporation of titanium carbide (TiC) filler in diverse weight percentages on the mechanical characteristic of chopped basalt fibre-reinforced epoxy composites has been examined. The performance of the TiC filled and unfilled chopped basalt composites based on the hardness, tensile strength, interlaminar shear strength and impact strength are calculated as per ASTM standards. The outcome showed that the mechanical characteristics of TiC filled basalt fibre reinforced epoxy composites are better than unfilled composites. Mechanical performance for dissimilar configurations, point out that adding too much TiC content consequences in declension in energy assimilation capacity of the fibre and hence on the whole concert of the filler filled ones.
Investigations on Mechanical Properties of Basalt Powder filled Vinyl Ester Composites
Authors: Anand Chairman C , Pritima D , Dhinakaran V , Stalin B , Ravichandran M , Balasubramanian M
Published: December 2020

The current research work deals with the addition of basalt powder on the characteristics of vinyl ester resin composites. The vinyl ester was modified by basalt powder in the amount of 5%, 10% and 15% by weight. The impact of basalt powder on the performance, such as tensile strength and flexural strength was analyzed. The consequence of powder addition on the impact strength of the fabricated materials was also examined. From the results obtained the basalt powder has an encouraging outcome on the strength of the fabricated composites.
Wear experimentation and parametric optimization on synthesized copper titanium composite
Authors: Vairamuthu J , Velmurugan P , Janaki Manohar N , Ramesh Kannan C , Manivannan S , Stalin B
Published: December 2020

The applications of non ferrous alloys have been significantly increased due to its desirable substance properties. The material strength and hardness were depend on the nature of reinforcements were added to it. In this chapter was utilized to formulate the Copper Titanium (Cu-Ti) Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) has been reinforced with Tungsten Carbide (WC). The stir casting of material fabrication technique was considered. The tungsten carbide was the suitable reinforcement for Cu-Ti composite because of thermodynamic stable system of compound was attained. The mechanical, corrosion and wear behaviors have been discussed. The wear parameters have been optimized through Taguchi and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The influential factor on wear rate was found and compared with the variance test.