bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing neorealism: Lessons from India-Russia defense cooperation for Iran in the aftermath of the 2014 Russo-Ukraine conflict
Authors: Emamifar Ali , Sazmand Bahareh , Mozaffari Falarti Maziar
Published: December 2023

The enduring conflict in Ukraine has resonated globally, significantly impacting international security and diplomatic dynamics, particularly in the arena of military and defense cooperation. This study meticulously examines the aftermath of the conflict, focusing on its implications for the established defense partnership between Russia and India. By scrutinizing pertinent literature and primary sources, this study investigates the reverberations of the Ukraine conflict on Russia-India defense cooperation since 2014. It evaluates how India’s defense procurement strategies have adapted, discerning a deliberate shift towards diversification of defense suppliers beyond Russia. This study also emphasizes that Iran should heed the lessons emanating from the India-Russia defense cooperation outlook. It advocates for Iran to diversify its arms suppliers, heavily invest in its domestic defense industry, and significantly reduce its dependency on Russian weapons. By drawing parallels with India’s post-conflict defense evolution, Iran can chart a trajectory towards bolstering its own defense capabilities autonomously. This necessitates fostering a broader spectrum of international partnerships while concurrently enhancing its indigenous technological prowess. The investigation offers Iran a blueprint inspired by India’s recalibration of defense cooperation following the 2014 Russo-Ukraine conflict, aiming to guide Iran towards a more resilient and self-reliant defense posture.
A House Divided Against Itself Cannot Stand: A Case Study of the Consequences of Unshared Knowledge at a Private Golf Club and Resort
Authors: Jahani Shiva , Weinland Jeffrey , Munyon Matthew D. , Okumus Fevzi
Published: December 2023

Making the right knowledge or knowledge sources available to the right people at the right time is how leaders can effectively manage knowledge in hospitality businesses. Consistent knowledge management (KM) practice among a firm’s leaders can foster innovation, faster development of services, improved administrative services, and reduced operational costs. However, inconsistent practice makes inter-unit collaboration and knowledge sharing challenging with potential deleterious outcomes. This case study focused on a private golf resort in the Southeastern United States that does not employ consistent KMP. The results were confusion, stifled innovation, and protracted processes. Implications for strategic managers as well as future research are discussed.
The Cultural Dilemmas for a Senior Expatriate CEO in China
Authors: O’Neill Sorcha , Gilbert Lane , Wei Chunhao (Victor) , Ayoun Baker
Published: December 2023

Focusing on Yum China, this case study explores dilemmas experienced by a senior expatriate manager in China. These dilemmas may have caused the performance to not meet the expectations for two consecutive years and eventually led to the manager’s resignation. Based on corporate annual reports and press releases, the case study analyzes the decision for business expansions (including Pizza Hut and the delivery business model) in China during the manager’s tenure. The analysis indicated that cultural and age gaps might contribute to how effective an experienced expatriate manager could be in a new society where previous experiences are lacking.
Look What We Have Done to Fight Plate Waste! A Case of the Iowa State University Joan Bice Underwood Tearoom
Authors: Olson Eric D. , Jeong EunHa (Lena) , Zhang Xingyi , Shao Xiaolong , Ginapp Katie , Kramer John
Published: December 2023

Foodservice industry professionals have implemented various green practices (i.e., minimizing spoilage) aimed at reducing food waste since customers generate 34% of the total food waste in restaurants. However, customers often become skeptical toward restaurants’ green initiatives which can hinder customers’ engagement in plate waste-reduction activities. This case study explores effective communication tactics that can help overcome consumers’ skepticism and promote their engagement to reduce food waste using the case of the Joan Bice Underwood Tearoom at Iowa State University. Learners will acquire knowledge about food waste reduction practices and communication framing skills about reducing food waste.
Trajectories of Forced Migration: Central American Migrants on Their Way Toward the USA
Authors: Pries Ludger , Calderón Morillón Oscar , Estrada Ceron Brandon Amir
Published: December 2023

Executive Summary

Mexico is increasingly important as a country of transit migration between the Global South and the Global North. Migration dynamics from Central America to and through Mexico are mainly considered as economic or mixed migration of people looking for work and a better life in the USA. Nevertheless, since the 2010s the number of asylum applications in Mexico has sky rocketed. Based on a survey of Central American migrants in Mexico we demonstrate that some kind of (organized) violence was a crucial driver for leaving and a constant companion during their journey. After contextualizing the migration route from the Northern Triangle (El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras) toward Mexico, we present the design of the study, describe sociodemographic and general contexts of the 350 interviewees, and present the migration trajectories as long-lasting sequences of events and stays, where violence in quite different forms always is at play.
The Gendered Effects of Multilayered Immigration Enforcement: Sanctuary Policy and Police-Community Relations in New Mexico
Authors: Garrick Jessica , Schrank Andrew
Published: December 2023

Executive Summary

This study explores the relationship between “sanctuary policies” that bar local law enforcement agencies from cooperating with federal immigration authorities and immigrant attitudes toward law enforcement agencies. It draws upon original survey data collected in New Mexico in 2019 and finds:

• First, that immigrants who believe they are protected by sanctuary have more trust in their police and sheriffs than immigrants who anticipate collaboration between local law enforcement and immigration authorities;

• Second, that awareness of sanctuary policies is nonetheless the exception to the rule, particularly among immigrant men.

The study therefore highlights not only the limits to sanctuary policies sensu stricto but the limited scope and gendered nature of legal consciousness among immigrants in a multilayered enforcement regime.

Our findings suggest that promoting sanctuary policies to immigrant communities, particularly through immigrant-serving agencies, may be nearly as critical in improved immigrant-police relations, as adopting sanctuary policies. The Department of Homeland Security and the courts should therefore adopt a uniform definition of sanctuary and disseminate it to state and local officials — especially in law enforcement — throughout the country. Furthermore, localities that adopt sanctuary policies should publicize them as widely as possible so that they have the desired effect in immigrant communities and facilitate the improvement of police-community relations in particular.
Perceptions and Attitudes Related to Driving after Cannabis Use in Canadian and US Adults
Authors: Davis William , Miller Brandon P. , Amlung Michael
Published: December 2023

Background:

This study examined the risk perceptions related to driving after cannabis use (DACU) among Canadian and US adults who used cannabis in the past six months.

Methods:

Perceptions of danger, normative beliefs, perceived likelihood of negative consequences, and other driving-related variables were collected via online surveys in Canadian (n = 158; 50.0% female, 84.8% White, mean age = 32.73 years [SD  = 10.61]) and US participants (n = 678; 50.9% female, 73.6% White, mean age = 33.85 years [SD  = 10.12]). Driving cognitions and DACU quantity/frequency were compared between samples using univariate analyses of variance, and Spearman’s (ρ) correlations were performed to examine associations between driving cognitions and DACU quantity/frequency.

Results:

The two samples did not significantly differ in self-reported level of cannabis use, lifetime quantity of DACU, or the number of times they drove within two hours of cannabis use in the past three months ( Ps  > .12). Compared to US participants, Canadians perceived driving within two hours of cannabis use as more dangerous ( P  < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.013) and reported more of their friends would disapprove of DACU ( P  = 0.03, ηp2 = 0.006). There were no differences in the number of friends who would refuse to ride with a driver who had used cannabis ( P = 0.15) or the perceived likelihood of negative consequences ( Ps > 0.07). More favorable perceptions were significantly correlated with greater lifetime DACU and driving within two hours of use (ρ  = 0.25-0.53, Ps < 0.01).

Conclusions:

These findings reveal differences in distal risk factors for DACU between Canada and the US and may inform prevention efforts focusing on perceptions of risk and social acceptance of DACU.
Assessment of spatiotemporal characteristics of gait, trough the Phyphox® app: a case series
Authors: Cabo Carolina A. , Fernandes Orlando , Santos Sara , Parraca Jose A.
Published: December 2023

Background

Spatiotemporal characteristics from human locomotion can provide effective clinical metrics to assess motor control and brain function. This case report aims to assess the temporal structure of variability in stride-to-stride time and calculated the intrinsic fractal frame that is hidden below the repetitive structure of physiological gait through the “Phyphox” app. This is an innovative study from the perspective of analyzing gait variables through a mobile app.

Case presentation

Five older adults Caucasian (3 women; age = 73 ± 10,5 years; body mass = 62,2 ± 15,1 kg; height = 1,56 ± 0,1 m; 2 men; age = 75,5 ± 7,8 years; body mass = 86,3 ± 18,0 kg; height = 1,77 ± 0,1 m) participated in this study. Five participants were asked to walk with a natural cadence, two of the participants presented a value greater than 80 step’s/minute (81.14 ± 0.01; 86.67 ± 0.02); and the others had values between 55 and 65 step’s/minute (55.20 ± 0.02; 55.78 ± 0.05; 61.02 ± 0.05). Regarding the coefficient of variation, only one participant presented 10.08%. For the total number of steps, three of the participants had values greater than 1000 steps. The variability of these stride-to-stride time has been quantified through detrended fluctuation analysis; one participant presented a value above 1.

Conclusions

This study provides evidence that a smartphone might provide a valid measure to assess the spatiotemporal characteristics of gait.
The place of the Great Mosque of Tlemcen: the paradox between patrimonialisation and appropriation
Authors: Selka Mohammed Chihab , Oussadit Imene Selka
Published: December 2023

The Great Mosque of Tlemcen is a unique case, as it is one of the few mosques dating back to the Almoravid period that is almost intact. It has evolved in a constantly changing space and now has a conjoined public square, following an occidental configuration, which is quite rare. The size of this square suggests that it could be put to use as an additional vector for the valorisation of the mosque, but the current situation is different. This added space, introduced by occidental culture, creates a dual architectural language with several other buildings that mark all the layers of evolution in the urban fabric. Apart from its religious function, this mosque used to play the role of a covered public square, a role that has eroded over time. The aim of this research is to analyse the relationship between the building and its surroundings, as well as the population’s perception of this relationship. Additionally, the research is intended to highlight changes in the perception of the Great Mosque of Tlemcen’s public square over time, depending on historical, political, and social contexts.

This research relies on an approach that combines different methods, including a thorough analysis of historical, cartographic, and legislative documents. Through this approach, we were able to conduct a comparative analysis with other similar cases. Finally, field research allowed us to understand the relationship between space and society. Despite the legal recognition of the surroundings as a historical monument, this status is not widely perceived and integrated into the population’s sense of heritage space. This is reflected in private and even public actions, despite the instrumentalisation of this heritage status, with appropriations of protected space that occur outside of regulations and become part of the landscape expression of the building in its environment.
Hsa_circRNA_405498 and hsa_circRNA_100033 Serve as Potential Biomarkers for Differential Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Zhang Ziwei , Luo Shuoming , Xiao Zilin , Yin Wenfeng , Shi Xiajie , Chen Hongzhi , Xie Zhiguo , Liu Zhenqi , Li Xia , Zhou Zhiguang
Published: December 2023

Context

The role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is largely unknown.

Objective

We aimed to identify some circRNAs as differential diagnostic biomarkers for T1D to distinguish between patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods

The circRNA expression profiles were determined by Arraystar human circRNA microarray in T1D compared to controls (n = 6 each). The differentially expressed circRNAs were validated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction using a validation cohort with 20 T1D and 20 controls. The diagnostic performances of the candidate circRNAs and the clinical parameters were assessed using the logistic least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model in a larger cohort with 457 individuals, including patients with T1D, T2D, and LADA, and controls.

Results

We identified 110 differentially expressed circular transcripts (53 upregulated and 57 downregulated) in T1D patients compared with controls. Further analysis showed that the levels of hsa_circRNA_405498 and hsa_circRNA_100033 were significantly downregulated in T1D compared to controls (both P < .05). Moreover, the expression levels of these 2 circRNAs showed sequential downregulation from controls, patients with T2D, LADA, to T1D (P < .05). The area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic plots in logistic LASSO regression model showed high diagnostic accuracy for combination model with the 2 circRNAs and some clinical parameters in distinguishing T1D from LADA (AUC = 0.915), T2D (AUC = 0.993), and controls (AUC = 0.992).

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated that hsa_circRNA_405498 and hsa_circRNA_100033 are promising novel differential diagnostic biomarkers for T1D.
Using the power of narratives in e-learning for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy conversations
Authors: Gupta Aayushi , Berlin Anita , Easton Graham
Published: December 2023

Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, we developed an e-learning resource to support medical students in having effective conversations with COVID vaccine hesitant patients (an urgent challenge). Development of information and communication skills elements was underpinned by narrative learning theory; learners interact with three fictional characters whose stories run through the resource in activities and role-plays. We co-developed the resource and characters with students, colleagues and local community. Methods We evaluated the resource using a survey of pre- and post- module self-confidence scores, and by thematic analysis of a focus group with seven final year medical students to explore their perceptions of how the story elements influenced their learning. Results All students surveyed reported an improvement in their confidence in having effective conversations with vaccine-hesitant patients. The focus group analysis suggests that character-based narratives can promote learning online, particularly through improved memory, relatability, and emotional connection. Conclusions This study suggests that the potential value of character-driven stories described in other healthcare education settings also applies in the online learning environment. Further research is needed to establish the nature of their impact on different aspects of learning including patient-related outcomes.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ACCOUNTING FOR CHANGES (TRANSFORMATIONS) OF CAPITAL IN VALUE CREATION PROCESSES
Authors: Dzhikiya Meri
Published: December 2023

The efficient use of resources in the agricultural economy and a significant increase in agricultural production volumes have ensured a more sustainable development of all activities of agricultural organizations. Therefore, there is an objective need for the formation of integrated reporting in these organizations for the purpose of presenting to users reliable and complete not only financial information, but also non-financial information, which in integration represents a holistic picture of the combination, relationship, interdependence between factors affecting the organization’s ability to create value in the form of funds and items of labor, current costs and capital investments. The main source of financing for value creation for the reporting period and for the long term is financial capital, which changes over time, that is, increases, decreases or transforms into various types of capital: reproductive and intellectual capital; human capital; social capital; natural-ecological capital. In this regard, the objective formation and disclosure of information about all changes in capital associated with the creation of value in agricultural organizations becomes an urgent task. The generation and disclosure of such information is currently quite difficult in agricultural organizations due to the lack of an appropriate information base. The proposed digital economic information system, including subsystems for accounting, analysis, planning and verification of information, makes it possible to fundamentally change the formation of integrated reporting indicators in the direction of increasing the degree of their reliability, comparability, objectivity, reliability and usefulness for users to make scientifically based economic decisions. The study substantiates the methodology for maintaining off-balance sheet accounting of the presence and movement of capital in dual-use accounts, in which transactions are recorded using the double entry method and the simple entry method. All changes in capital in these accounts are reflected and taken into account when forming the economic, social and environmental infrastructure of the organization, as well as when disposing of (writing off) various types of funds from these areas of activity. In addition, the information from these accounts allows, in integrated reporting, to draw up a special form of balance of resources and capital, used to assess the efficiency of resource use in the economic, social and environmental spheres of the organization’s activities.
IMPORT SUBSTITUTION UNDER SANCTIONS OF UNFRIENDLY COUNTRIES AS A FACTOR OF INCREASING ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE STATE
Authors: Dyatlova Angelina , Minakov Andrey , Klychova Guzaliya
Published: December 2023

In modern conditions of growing globalization, the interdependence of the national economies of different countries of the world is deepening, simultaneously with the specialization of each country in certain industries and products. However, the global interdependence of economies leads to a situation where changes in operating conditions in the foreign market of one country lead to significant economic problems in other partner countries. We can talk about the policy of protectionism and international sanctions. Analyzing the dynamics of imports in the context of the main importing countries, it was found that in 2021 there was a significant decrease in imports of goods from “unfriendly” countries, while imports from China increased by 47% and currently account for almost one-quarter of all imports. At the same time, it was noted that there is import dependence on imported machinery, equipment and vehicles; this group accounts for more than 48% of imports. The same can be said about the products of the chemical industry (rubber for the most part) and food products. Although in the last group a slight decrease in dependence can be noted. There is a decrease in dependence on imports for the group of consumer goods, while at the same time there is a high dependence for the group of intermediate goods, such as semi-finished products, components for production, etc. In recent years, there has been a steady increase in the production and substitution of imported goods in agriculture, in particular in livestock farming. The main directions for developing an export-oriented import substitution policy include: implementing an effective trade policy, investing in research and development, infrastructure development, developing a qualified workforce, market diversification, export lending, and introducing environmentally sustainable practices.
One of the ways to teach robotics using the Mobile Quantorium
Authors: Zubrilin Andrej , Bikeeva I.
Published: December 2023

The article argues for the importance of additional education for adolescents in the field of technical creativity. The emphasis is on Continuing Education Centers, in particular on Children's Technology Parks “Quantoriums”. The development of an additional general educational program “LEGO Mindstorms EV3 Robotics in the Mobile Technopark” is given, which is implemented for 16 hours in the State Educational Institution “RCDOD”, Saransk. The purpose and objectives of this program, thematic planning are described, the content that students must master is revealed, and tasks for the entrance (survey), current (laboratory work), intermediate (test, project work) and final control (project) are given. The results of testing the program in various regions of the Republic of Mordovia are presented. It is concluded that the developed educational materials can help teenagers master the basics of robotics, encourage them to choose a robotics profession, and show the importance of robotics.
Formation of meta-subject educational results of students - the main line of primary education programs
Authors: Zemlyanskaya Elena
Published: December 2023

The requirements of the federal state educational standard for meta-subject results of mastering primary education programs are discussed. The genesis of the content of the concept of universal educational actions of schoolchildren is investigated. It is proved that the formation of universal educational activities is a priority direction (main line) and specificity of the initial level of general education as a prerequisite for the success of all subsequent education. The results of monitoring the work of teachers on the formation of meta-subject educational results of junior schoolchildren are discussed. A new discipline of pedagogical education “Methodology for the formation of meta-subject educational results of students in primary school” is presented.
Foreign Accent in Professional Communication: Empirical Research among Russian-speaking immigrants in Germany
Authors: Kolesnikova Alexsandra , Frolova Vasilissa
Published: December 2023

The literature review over the past 20 years indicates a particular interest towards foreign accent perception in business environment and reveals biased attitude of natives, whether employers or employees, to non-nativeness in terms of phonological competence in the studied field. While the attitude of natives has been thoroughly researched, immigrants’ opinions might vary and require careful consideration. This study aims to examine to which extent, if any, a foreign accent in the German language affects professional communication of Russian-speaking immigrants living and working in Germany (in fields including IT, finance, healthcare, education, etc.). In total, 108 participants aged 22-62 completed a questionnaire, the primary purpose of which was to explore whether a foreign accent is perceived as a hindrance in business environment. The research included a quantitative analysis of gathered statistical information processed via JASP software, as well as a qualitative analysis of open-ended items. The major finding indicates that for 39.8% of the participants, a foreign accent has no influence on interactions within a business context. According to the results of the questionnaire, 31.5% of the respondents have never found themselves confronted with a problem of not being understood due to a foreign accent. Finally, for more than a half of the surveyed participants, namely 53.7%, their foreign accent had no bearing on the accomplishment of job-related tasks as part of the working process whatsoever.
Communicative Tactics and Strategies in Divorce Proceedings: The Legal Linguistic Aspect
Authors: Berezin D. , Golikova T.
Published: December 2023

The article investigates the relationship between communicative motives and the process of divorce from a jurislinguistic perspective. The article examines how communicative factors influence the decision to dissolve a marriage.

The aim of the article is to identify the primary communicative motives that lead to the dissolution of marriage and to understand their interaction with the legal aspects of the divorce process. Exploring these interactions can help improve communication in such situations, as well as increase the effectiveness of legal interventions related to marital dissolution.

Methodology, methods and techniques. The article applies discursive, lexico-semantic, contextual method of analyzing communicative tactics and strategies. The legal-linguistic analysis of divorce discourse implies the use of argumentation methodology, methodology of cognitive interpretation of legal text and discourse, methodology of analyzing the formal and semantic structure of linguistic elements and text-forming categories.

Results. In the process of jurislinguistic analysis we have identified the primary and auxiliary strategies and tactics in divorce proceedings. The primary strategy of judicial communication is persuasion as the most significant strategy in terms of motives and goals, since it is the court that decides the outcome of the dispute in divorce proceedings. Auxiliary strategies are: deconstruction strategy, strategy of interpreting reality, emotionally attuning strategy, rhetorical strategy, dialog strategy and others.

Communicative-psychological motives for the dissolution of marriage can be the loss of interest of spouses (communicative conflicts, misunderstanding, indifference, aggression), infidelity, beatings, lack of care for joint children and many others. We consider it necessary to develop a special jurislinguistic methodology, using the communicative-discursive potential, which would declare a strict mechanism for taking into account the motives of action of all parties and would implement an algorithm of correlating communicative tactics and strategies in order to successfully reconcile the parties.

The scientific novelty of the study consists in addressing the jurislinguistic discourse of divorce proceedings in order to identify communicative tactics and strategies as a basis for the development of jurislinguistic methodology that uses the communicative and discursive potential.

The practical significance of the study lies in the use of the primary findings to create a communicative toolkit that improves the results of the judicial process.
What are the real populations of Chinese cities? On mistakes in city border defi nition and data interpretation in popular internet sources
Authors: Sokołowski Dariusz
Published: December 2023

Economic growth and intensive metropolisation processes in the PRC have increased interest in information on the size of the country’s cities. Chinese institutions apply population data to administrative units which is considerably larger than its urban area. The publicly available data are often divergent; according to Gibson & Li (2017) hundreds of studies in economics misinterpret China’s subnational population and over 80% of articles use these data erroneously. Few specialists are able to use data directly from original Chinese sources (see Chan, 2007; Chan & Wan, 2017), most of them use publicly available sources. Scientists and other users often have at their disposal estimates published by international institutions. A comparative analysis of those data exposes marked dissimilarities. The article is to identify differences between particular sources and to establish their causes. I assume that the reason for the discrepancy in the assessment of the city's population is not a difference in method of defining the city, but rather the fact that the authors of the studies do not apply established criteria and do not provide accurate calculations. Finally, guidelines are created that, if followed, should result in smaller discrepancies between data published by various sources.
Application of Artificial Neural Networks for Mathematical Modelling of Horizontal Jet Fires
Authors: Michał Lewak  , Jarosław Tępiński
Published: December 2023

Aim: This article focuses on the use of artificial neural networks to mathematically describe the parameters that determine the size of a jet fire flame. To teach the neural network, the results of a horizontal propane jet fire, carried out experimentally and using CFD mathematical modelling, were used. Project and methods: The main part of the work consisted of developing an artificial neural network to describe the flame length and propane-air mixing path lengths with good accuracy, depending on the relevant process parameters. Two types of data series were used to meet the stated objective. The first series of data came from field tests carried out by CNBOP-PIB and from research contained in scientific articles. The second type of data was provided by numerical calculations made by the authors. The methods of computational fluid mechanics were used to develop the numerical simulations. The ANSYS Fluent package was used for this purpose. Matlab 2022a was used to develop the artificial neural network and to verify it. Results: Using the nftool function included in Matlab 2022a, an artificial neural network was developed to determine the flame length Lflame and the length of the Slift-off mixing path as a function of the diameter of the dnozzle and the mass flux of gas leaving the nozzle. Using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, a selection was made of the best number of neurons in the hidden layer to describe the process parameters. The neural network developed allows Lflame and Slift-off values to be calculated with good accuracy. Conclusions: Artificial neural networks allow a function to be developed to describe the parameters that determine flame sizes in relation to process parameters. For this purpose, the results of the CFD simulations and the results of the jet fire experiments were combined to create a single neural network. The result is a ready-made function that can be used in programmes for the rapid determination of flame sizes. Such a function can support the process of creating scenarios in the event of an emergency. A correctly developed neural network provides opportunities for the mathematical description of jet fires wherever experimental measurements are not possible. Solution proposed by the authors does not require a large investment in ongoing calculations, as the network can be implemented in any programming language. Keywords: computational fluid mechanics, artificial neural networks, jet fire
Gender Quotas in Hiring Committees: A Boon or a Bane for Women?
Authors: Deschamps Pierre
Published: December 2023

Women are underrepresented in many prestigious positions. Could increasing the share of women in hiring committees boost the rates at which women are hired into these positions? I use a difference-in-differences design to examine the effects of a French law on academic hiring committees that required each gender to represent a share of at least 40% of members. Contrary to the objectives of the law, I show that the reform backfired and significantly lowered women’s probability of being hired. Because the negative effect of the reform is concentrated in committees headed by men, this result seems driven by the reaction of men to the reform. I find little evidence that the reform affects supply-side characteristics, such as the likelihood of women applying. The results suggest that the underrepresentation of women is unlikely to be solved by simply increasing the share of women in hiring committees or interview panels.

This paper was accepted by Isabel Fernandez-Mateo, organizations.

Funding: This work is supported by the ANR LIEPP [Grants ANR11LABX0091 and ANR11IDEX000502].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.01637 .
Mediating Effects of Social Networks on Depression and Suicidal Ideation among Older Adults Residing in the Community
Authors: Park Jin Kyoung , Lee Keelyong
Published: December 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the mediating effects of social networks on the relationship between depression and suicidal ideation among older adults residing in the community. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 161 older adults aged 65 years and above living in Region C. Data were collected between November 2020 and February 2021. The analysis involved the use of descriptive statistics, calculation of Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and conducting multiple regression analyses following the Baron and Kenny criterion. Results: The study reported average scores of 7.56±3.85 for depression, 18.94±7.49 for social network, and 3.72±4.05 for suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation was positively correlated with depression and negatively correlated with social networks. Social networks were found to partially mediate the connection between depression and suicidal ideation among the aged. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of nursing interventions to reduce depression and enhance social networks, aiming to prevent social isolation among community-dwelling older adults with suicidal ideation.
Dual Galilean invariance in a temporally dispersive medium
Authors: Besieris Ioannis M. , Saari Peeter
Published: December 2023

The bidispersive equation, accounting for second-order temporal dispersion in a lossless medium, is examined under a Galilei-like transformation, as well as a conditional ordinary Galilei transformation. In the former case, the roles of space and time are reversed by comparison to the application of the same transformation to the quantum mechanical Schrödinger equation. Such an invariance can result in envelope speeds that can assume values above or below the group speed of the medium; also, they can be negative. Conditional Galilei transformation results in a decrease in dimensionality.
Thermally reliable compact thermo and electro-optic modulators with a low half-wave voltage
Authors: Afsary Noor , Rasel MD Omar Faruk , Ishigure Takaaki
Published: December 2023

This article introduces the progress made in high-performance integrated electro-optic (EO) modulators, crucial components of modern optical communication systems that efficiently convert electrical signals into optical signals. The EO modulators with tighter mode confinement, a small physical footprint, and low modulating voltages have been made possible by recent developments in thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN). In this paper, we demonstrate a Mach-Zehnder (MZ) modulator realized with a silicon nitride-loaded lithium niobate (LNOI) platform, leveraging the exceptional TO and EO effect of LiNbO3, and we develop this MZ modulator realized with multilayer structures by using the RSoft BeamPROP solver. The MZ modulator is 3.94 mm long, and we evaluate the Vπ of the modulator as 0.96 V, and a transition temperature of Tg is 80 °C at 1550 nm. The proposed modulator has a crosstalk of almost -42 dB, an extinction ratio of ≈24 dB, and a maximum transmission of -28 dB for the first-order phase shifter.
A novel Nd: glass high-stability, high-power diode-pumped mode-locked laser
Authors: Jiang Youen , Junming Chen , du lifeng , Wang Xin , Xiao Qi , Pan Xue , Zhou Li , Shenlei Zhou , Peng Jiahui , Li Xuechun , Zhu Jianqiang
Published: December 2023

We demonstrate a high-stability, high-power mode-locked laser utilizing a novel N51-type Nd: glass. The maximum continuous-wave output power of 824 mW is obtained at the pump power of 2.4 W. Under the mode-locked conditions, an average power of 604 mW is achieved with a pulse duration of 308 fs at a repetition rate of 105.383 MHz, which corresponds to a pulse energy of 5.73 nJ. Thanks to the optimized cavity structure, the oscillator shows excellent stabilities of both output powers and spectra. In addition, the multi-pulse operation in relation to the CW breakthrough in the spectrum is investigated.
Short-term effects of ambient temperature on acute exacerbation of inflammatory bowel disease: A nationwide case-crossover study with external validation
Authors: Lee Yeong Chan , Kim Tae Jun , Kim Jong-Hun , Lee Eunjin , Park Woong-Yang , Kim Kyunga , Son Hee Jung
Published: December 2023

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic inflammatory disorder characterized by chronic and relapsing manifestations. Several environmental factors are known as triggers for exacerbation of IBD. However, an association between exacerbation of IBD and ambient temperature is uncertain. This study aimed to estimate the risk of acute exacerbation of IBD due to ambient temperature. We performed a bidirectional case-crossover study using a nationwide claim data from South Korea. The external validation was conducted with a large prospective cohort in the United Kingdom. We confirmed significant associations between acute exacerbation of IBD and the short-term ambient temperature changes toward severe temperatures, in the cold weather (-19.4°C–4.3°C) (odd ratio [OR] = 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13–1.14) and in the hot weather (21.3°C–33.5°C) (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.15–1.17). However, the association was not significant in the moderate weather (4.3°C–21.3°C). The external validation suggested consistent results with additional elevation of acute exacerbation risk in the colder weather (-13.4°C to 2.6°C) (OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.62–2.22) and in the hotter weather (15.7°C–28.4°C) (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.32–1.51). We observed and validated that the short-term ambient temperature changes were associated with acute exacerbation of IBD in the cold and hot weathers. Our findings provide evidence that temperature changes are associated with the acute exacerbation of IBD.
Taxing sugar sweetened beverages in Indonesia: Projections of demand change and fiscal revenue
Authors: Widarjono Agus , Afin Rifai , Kusnadi Gita , Firdaus Muhammad Zulfiqar , Herlinda Olivia
Published: December 2023

The global trend of diets high in sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) is associated with a high risk of obesity and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). To reduce SSB consumption on a population level, SSB taxes have become a popular policy solution. In Indonesia, although the prevalence of obesity has doubled in the past decade (11.7% in 2010 to 21.8% in 2018), SSB taxes have not yet been implemented. Utilizing the 2021 Indonesian household socioeconomic survey (SUSENAS), this study estimated price elasticities and projected the plausible effects of implementing an SSB tax on consumers’ demand for SSBs and the associated government revenue using the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) model. Five SSB groups were studied: 1) manufactured liquid milk; 2) sweetened condense milk; 3) instant coffee; 4) tea drinks and fizzy drinks with CO2; 5) fruit juices, “health” drinks, and energy drinks. The overall results showed that the non-milk SSB groups were price elastic. Probing deeper into the substitutions for SSB across categories, we found both substitutionary and complementary effects. Our analysis revealed that increasing SSB prices by 20% would reduce the demand for SSBs on average by 17.5% (14.3%-18.6% for each SSB group) and generate additional state revenue up to IDR 3,628.3 billion per year (approximately US$ 238.5 million or 0.2% of total tax revenue in 2022). Considering the health and economic impacts of high consumption of SSBs, this study provides empirical evidence that imposing taxes on SSBs could be an effective measure to reduce public consumption and to generate tax revenue for financing health programs that address obesity and NCDs in Indonesia.
Portosystemic shunting prevents hepatocellular carcinoma in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease mouse models
Authors: Peloso Andrea , Lacotte Stéphanie , Gex Quentin , Slits Florence , Moeckli Beat , Oldani Graziano , Tihy Matthieu , Hautefort Aurélie , Kwak Brenda , Rubbia-Brandt Laura , Toso Christian
Published: December 2023

Background and aims

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This association is supported by the translocation of bacteria products into the portal system, which acts on the liver through the gut-liver axis. We hypothesize that portosystemic shunting can disrupt this relationship, and prevent NAFLD-associated HCC.

Methods

HCC carcinogenesis was tested in C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFD) and injected with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) at two weeks of age, and in double transgenic LAP-tTA and TRE-MYC (LAP-Myc) mice fed a methionine-choline-deficient diet. Portosystemic shunts were established by transposing the spleen to the sub-cutaneous tissue at eight weeks of age.

Results

Spleen transposition led to a consistent deviation of part of the portal flow and a significant decrease in portal pressure. It was associated with a decrease in the number of HCC in both models. This effect was supported by the presence of less severe liver steatosis after 40 weeks, and lower expression levels of liver fatty acid synthase. Also, shunted mice exhibited lower liver oxygen levels, a key factor in preventing HCC as confirmed by the development of less HCCs in mice with hepatic artery ligation.

Conclusions

The present data show that portosystemic shunting prevents NAFLD-associated HCC, utilizing two independent mouse models. This effect is supported by the development of less steatosis, and a restored liver oxygen level. Portal pressure modulation and shunting deserve further exploration as potential prevention/treatment options for NAFLD and HCC.
In the Trading Zone
Authors: Vazquez Dominguez Max , Cardozo-Gaibisso Lourdes
Published: December 2023

In this article, we describe and discuss the negotiations and processes of carrying out a science curriculum-based research project with multiple stakeholders, including an 8th grade science teacher/soccer coach, and 24 student-participants from a middle school in the South-eastern United States. Drawing on the theoretical notion of trading zones, we focus on the negotiations, commitments, and collaborations that took place in order to: (a) teach science to Latino students in the context of an after-school soccer program, (b) develop curriculum and (c) carry out a research program in which both material things and physical spaces are recognized as central to this process. Our study presents these experiences and processes in relation to the characteristics of the human and non-human elements involved in this work. We conclude with a set of recommendations for pre-service and in-service science teachers developing science activities as part of a broader curriculum and teaching science to middle school students in multilingual, multi-ethnic, and multicultural settings.
Introduction
Authors: Coronel-Molina Serafín
Published: December 2023

The International Journal of Literacy, Culture, and Language Education (IJLCLE) is an open-source, peer-reviewed international journal dedicated to publishing research in the field of literacy, culture, and language education from multi-, inter-, and transdisciplinary perspectives. Its mission is to promote the academic exchange of ideas and dissemination of research among scholars and researchers from diverse fields of study worldwide. Authors are invited to submit manuscripts describing scholarly research on a wide range of topics related to language, literacy, and culture in education. Theoretical and conceptual studies, empirical and applied research using qualitative and/or quantitative methodologies, critical papers, special issues, and book reviews are all invited. Contributions from a host of disciplines such as sociolinguistics, sociology of language, psycholinguistics, educational linguistics, applied linguistics, linguistic anthropology, raciolinguistics, literacy studies, cultural studies, language and gender studies, language and political economy, media and technology, language education, teacher education, educational policy, semiotics, pragmatics, language policy and planning, language revitalization, and linguistic landscapes are very welcome. The intended audience of IJLCLE is researchers, scholars, educators, and graduate students from around the world.
La literatura como instrumento de aprendizaje del inglés como lengua extranjera
Authors: Chaves-Yuste Beatriz
Published: December 2023

En el proceso de la enseñanza del inglés como lengua extranjera (ILE), debe exponerse al alumnado a un uso real del idioma. Para ello, los materiales auténticos, como novelas no abreviadas ni niveladas y el modelo de aprendizaje cooperativo (cooperative integrated reading and composition [CIRC]), ofrecen una oportunidad única para aprender el idioma de una forma contextualizada, al tiempo que mejora en el alumnado su competencia cultural. Para mostrar cómo la obra literaria puede utilizarse de forma eficiente en la clase de ILE, se lleva a cabo una intervención empírica exploratoria en la que se analizan datos cuantitativos. Se aporta un estudio estadístico con datos objetivos sobre la idoneidad de la propuesta metodológica sobre la que versa este estudio.
El lenguaje de la pedagogía. Otro acercamiento a la literatura
Authors: Ramírez Peña Luis Alfonso
Published: December 2023

Este artículo de reflexión es resultado de una continua investigación sobre el lenguaje y la pedagogía, principalmente, con dos proyectos: “El giro pedagógico” y “El giro discursivo”, apoyados por la Universidad Santo Tomás. Estos se derivan de la observación de muchas prácticas comunicativas y pedagógicas que han servido a la postulación de otro enfoque del lenguaje y sus consecuencias en otro modo de ser de la pedagogía. Las conclusiones y resultados se resumen en este artículo así: 1) el lenguaje se manifiesta en actos de comunicación y significación diversos: literatura, ciencia, ordinarios y coloquiales; 2) la literatura es una práctica discursiva creativa; es acto de significación estética en un modo particular de comunicación; 3) la pedagogía y la didáctica son prácticas comunicativas dialógicas con el fin de coadyuvar en la formación y búsqueda de conocimientos; 4) la didáctica, también como prácticas comunicativas dialógicas, incluye dos actividades simultáneas en el proceso pedagógico: lectura y escritura.