bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BASES TEÓRICAS PARA A ETNOGRAFIA EM PRISÕES
Authors: Nunes Ana Idalina Carvalho
Published: February 2023

Este artigo consiste em uma exposição de abordagens teóricas das Ciências Sociais que podem servir como guia para nortear a incursão etnográfica em prisões, principalmente em estudos que privilegiam a observação das interações sociais entre os habitantes dessas instituições. As discussões aqui apresentadas se dão em torno dos conceitos clássicos da antropologia, do interacionismo simbólico de Erving Goffman e da análise do discurso de Michel Pêcheux, e têm como objetivo apresentar caminhos possíveis para estudiosos que buscam compreender o mundo pelos olhos de quem está por trás das grades. Ao final, são apresentadas questões éticas que permeiam as várias etapas da etnografia na prisão, com a apresentação de situações reais ocorridas em campo.
PEDRA É O QUE DOIDO JOGA EM GENTE:
Authors: Coelho Kalil Dourado
Published: February 2023

A oceanografia é uma disciplina de ciências da terra de potencial interdisciplinar que diante da crise socioambiental global tem recebido críticas. A fim de funcionar de uma nova forma, se denomina oceanografia socioambiental. Esta nova forma tem como objetivo trabalhar com as comunidades tradicionais costeiras e marítimas contra conflitos ambientais e a favor da justiça socioambiental para estas comunidades.Este artigo relata o uso da etnografia por uma oceanógrafa, em uma comunidade de pescadores artesanais da comunidade de Poças, no Litoral Norte da Bahia. O estudo dos conhecimentos e práticas de pescadores e marisqueiras da comunidade foi feito por um mês em imersão na comunidade, através de observação participante e entrevistas semi-estruturadas. O objetivo do estudo foi compreender a percepção da comunidade sobre a feição geológica do arenito de praia e suas funções e importância.O artigo conclui que estes conhecimentos e práticas construídos na vivencia do lugar ao longo de gerações devem ser valorizados e integrados na construção de soluções socioambientais, para esta nova forma de fazer oceanografia em favor da justiça socioambiental para comunidades tradicionais.
Gender, Racial, and Ethnic Inequities in Receipt of Multiple National Institutes of Health Research Project Grants
Authors: Nguyen Mytien , Chaudhry Sarwat I. , Desai Mayur M. , Dzirasa Kafui , Cavazos Jose E. , Boatright Dowin
Published: February 2023

Importance

Diversity in the biomedical research workforce is essential for addressing complex health problems. Female investigators and investigators from underrepresented ethnic and racial groups generate novel, impactful, and innovative research, yet they are significantly underrepresented among National Institutes of Health (NIH) investigators.

Objective

To examine the gender, ethnic, and racial distribution of super NIH investigators who received 3 or more concurrent NIH grants.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study included a national cohort of NIH-funded principal investigators (PIs) from the NIH Information for Management, Planning, Analysis, and Coordination (IMPAC II) database from 1991 to 2020.

Exposures

Self-identified gender, race and ethnicity, annual number of NIH grant receipt, career stage, and highest degree.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Distribution of investigators receiving 3 or more research project grants, referred to as super principal investigators (SPIs), by gender, race, and ethnicity.

Results

Among 33 896 investigators in fiscal year 2020, 7478 (22.01%) identified as Asian, 623 (1.8%) as Black, 1624 (4.8%) as Hispanic, and 22 107 (65.2%) as White; 21 936 (61.7%) identified as men; and 8695 (35.3%) were early-stage investigators. Between 1991 and 2020, the proportion of SPIs increased 3-fold from 704 (3.7%) to 3942 (11.3%). However, SPI status was unequal across gender, ethnic, and racial groups. Women and Black PIs were significantly underrepresented among SPIs, even after adjusting for career stage and degree, and were 34% and 40% less likely than their male and White colleagues, respectively, to be an SPI. Black women PIs were the least likely to be represented among SPIs and were 71% less likely to attain SPI status than White men PIs (adjusted odds ratio, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.21-0.41).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study of a national cohort of NIH-funded investigators, the gender, ethnic, and racial gaps in receipt of multiple research project grants among NIH investigators was clearly apparent and warrants further investigation and interventions.
Adolescent risk and protection profiles for violence perpetration: Insights for family‐ and community‐based prevention
Authors: Doty Jennifer L. , Lynne Sarah D. , Yourell Jacqlyn L. , Smith Sarah J. , Fogarty Kate , Pracht Dale W. , Taliaferro Lindsay A.
Published: February 2023

Youth violence continues to be a major developmental and health concern. Preventative resources at individual, family, and community levels may reduce risk, yet the extent to which youth violence perpetration differs by patterns of risk and protective factors remains unknown. Using data from the Florida Youth Substance Abuse Survey (N = 4630; 49% female; Mage = 14.69), we conducted person‐centered, latent profile analyses to identify four patterns for risk of violence perpetration among middle and high school youth. Youth in the Low Risk‐High Protection profile (37%) had low likelihood of violence perpetration. Youth in the Low Risk‐Low Protection profile (4%) were characterized by poor family functioning, low school belonging, and low community protection. These youth had similar odds of violence perpetration as youth in the Moderate Risk‐Moderate Protection profile (44%), which were elevated compared to the Low Risk‐High Protection profile. Youth in the High Risk‐Low Protection profile (15%), which had the highest levels of risk factors and lowest levels of protective factors, had the highest likelihood of violence perpetration. The High Risk‐Low Protection profile was expected based on past research, but the emergence of the Low Risk‐Low Protection profile is a unique contribution to the research. Findings contribute to the literature by going beyond a cumulative risk model, identifying subgroups with various patterns of risk and protection in the population, and highlighting the importance of selected prevention for subgroups of youth with high risk or challenging family and community environments.
A Cyclodiaryliodonium NOX Inhibitor for the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer via Enzyme‐Activatable Targeted Delivery by Sulfated Glycosaminoglycan Derivatives
Authors: Pang Jiadong , Zhu Daqian , Liu Yang , Liu Dingxin , Zhao Chunhua , Zhang Jianeng , Li Shengping , Liu Zexian , Li Xiaobing , Huang Peng , Wen Shijun , Yang Jiang
Published: February 2023

Pancreatic cancer renders a principal cause of cancer mortalities with a dismal prognosis, lacking sufficiently safe and effective therapeutics. Here, diversified cyclodiaryliodonium (CDAI) NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibitors are rationally designed with tens of nanomolar optimal growth inhibition, and CD44‐targeted delivery is implemented using synthesized sulfated glycosaminoglycan derivatives. The self‐assembled nanoparticle‐drug conjugate (NDC) enables hyaluronidase‐activatable controlled release and facilitates cellular trafficking. NOX inhibition reprograms the metabolic phenotype by simultaneously impairing mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis. Moreover, the NDC selectively diminishes non‐mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) but significantly elevates cytotoxic ROS through mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Transcriptomic profiling reveals perturbed p53, NF‐κB, and GnRH signaling pathways interconnected with NOX inhibition. After being validated in patient‐derived pancreatic cancer cells, the anticancer efficacy is further verified in xenograft mice bearing heterotopic and orthotopic pancreatic tumors, with extended survival and ameliorated systemic toxicity. It is envisaged that the translation of cyclodiaryliodonium inhibitors with an optimized molecular design can be expedited by enzyme‐activatable targeted delivery with improved pharmacokinetic profiles and preserved efficacy.
Salt‐Triggered Adaptive Dissociation Coating with Dual Effect of Antibacteria and Anti‐Multiple Encrustations in Urological Devices
Authors: Yu Huan , Shi Hengchong , Zhu Ming , Zhang Xu , Wang Lei , Tian Gongwei , Song Lingjie , Luan Shifang , Qi Dianpeng , Chen Xiaodong
Published: February 2023

Bacterial infections and multiple encrustations are life‐threatening complications in patients implanted with urological devices. Limited by time‐consuming procedures and substrate dependence, it is difficult to simultaneously prevent the aforementioned complications. Herein, is reported the design of a salt‐triggered chondroitin sulfate complex (CS/Si‐N+) coating with adaptive dissociation, which realizes the dual functions of antibacterial and anti‐multiple encrustations in urological devices with arbitrary shapes. The existence of covalent interactions between the complex and the interface ensures the formation of a robust coating, especially in harsh environments. Benefiting from the adaptive dissociation of the ion pairs in the CS/Si‐N+ coating in urine electrolytes, the exposed ion groups and enhanced hydrophilicity are more conducive to the inhibition of bacterial infection and multiple encrustations simultaneously. The coating exhibits broad‐spectrum bactericidal effects. As a proof of concept, in a simulated metabolic encrustation model, the coating exhibits significant advantages in resisting calcium oxalate encrustation, with a reduction in the calcium content by over 90%. In addition, this non‐leachable all‐in‐one coating shows good biocompatibility in a pig in vivo model. Such a coating strategy is expected to be a practical approach for preventing urological medical device‐related complications.
Anisotropic Excitons Reveal Local Spin Chain Directions in a van der Waals Antiferromagnet
Authors: Kim Dong Seob , Huang Di , Guo Chunhao , Li Kejun , Rocca Dario , Gao Frank Y. , Choe Jeongheon , Lujan David , Wu Ting‐Hsuan , Lin Kung‐Hsuan , Baldini Edoardo , Yang Li , Sharma Shivani , Kalaivanan Raju , Sankar Raman , Lee Shang‐Fan , Ping Yuan , Li Xiaoqin
Published: February 2023

A long‐standing pursuit in materials science is to identify suitable magnetic semiconductors for integrated information storage, processing, and transfer. Van der Waals magnets have brought forth new material candidates for this purpose. Recently, sharp exciton resonances in antiferromagnet NiPS3 have been reported to correlate with magnetic order, that is, the exciton photoluminescence intensity diminishes above the Néel temperature. Here, it is found that the polarization of maximal exciton emission rotates locally, revealing three possible spin chain directions. This discovery establishes a new understanding of the antiferromagnet order hidden in previous neutron scattering and optical experiments. Furthermore, defect‐bound states are suggested as an alternative exciton formation mechanism that has yet to be explored in NiPS3. The supporting evidence includes chemical analysis, excitation power, and thickness dependent photoluminescence and first‐principles calculations. This mechanism for exciton formation is also consistent with the presence of strong phonon side bands. This study shows that anisotropic exciton photoluminescence can be used to read out local spin chain directions in antiferromagnets and realize multi‐functional devices via spin‐photon transduction.
Evaluating management zones and crop‐sensing relationships for improved irrigated maize nitrogen management
Authors: Crowther Joel , Parrish John , Luck Joe D. , Ferguson Richard B.
Published: February 2023

Active crop canopy sensors and management zones (MZ) are two methods of directing variable‐rate, in‐season nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications in maize (Zea mays L.). Researchers have suggested that integrating these two approaches may result in improved performance of sensor‐based N application algorithms through increased N use efficiency and profitability. The objectives of this research study were to (1) identify soil and topographic variables that are related to in‐season canopy reflectance and yield for soil‐based MZ delineation and (2) determine if delineated MZ can identify areas with differential crop response to N fertilizer. N ramp blocks were placed end‐to‐end in field‐length strips at eight irrigated maize fields in east central Nebraska in 2016 and 2017. Maize response to N was evaluated with in‐season canopy reflectance measurements and grain yield. Relationships between maize response variables and measured soil and topographic attributes were evaluated and used to delineate MZ. Yield response to N rate was highly variable among and within fields. Soil apparent electrical conductivity had the highest overall correlations with crop response and was used as a clustering variable in five of eight fields. Economic analysis showed a potential advantage to using soil‐based MZ compared to producer‐chosen uniform N rates in five of eight fields. Delineated MZ were able to identify areas with differential soil properties and crop response to N fertilizer. Integrating soil‐based MZ and sensor‐based N management has potential to achieve further economic benefits.
Radiographic predictors of occult intracranial involvement in olfactory neuroblastoma patients
Authors: Geltzeiler Mathew , Choby Garret W. , Ji Keven Seung Yong , JessMace C. , Almeida Joao Paulo , de Almeida John , Champagne Pierre‐Olivier , Chan Erik , Ciporen Jeremy N. , Chaskes Mark B. , Cornell Sarah , Drozdowski Veronica , Fernandez‐Miranda Juan , Gardner Paul A. , Hwang Peter H. , Kalyvas Aristotelis , Kong Keonho A. , McMillan Ryan A. , Nayak Jayakar V. , Patel Chirag , Patel Zara M. , Celda Maria Peris , Pinheiro‐Neto Carlos , Sanusi Olabisi R. , Snyderman Carl H. , Thorp Brian D. , Van Gompel Jamie J. , Zadeh Gelareh , Zenonos Georgios , Zwagerman Nathan T. , Wang Eric W.
Published: February 2023

Background

Traditional management of olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) includes margin‐negative resection with removal of cribriform plate, dura, and olfactory bulb, regardless of intracranial disease. This approach may be overtreating certain patients. Our investigation examines risk factors associated with occult intracranial disease to optimize therapeutic outcomes.

Methods

This retrospective, multi‐institutional cohort study examined clinical covariates associated with occult intracranial involvement. Patient demographics, staging, Hyam's grade, and pathologic involvement of dura, olfactory bulb/tract, and brain were collected. Diagnostic imaging was reviewed. Positive and negative predictive value (NPV) were estimated along with effect size estimates. Cox hazard regression examined associations with overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS).

Results

A total of 224 subjects with new diagnoses of ONB (2005–2021) were identified. Skull base bone involvement on computed tomography (CT) had the highest NPV for pathologic dura (88.0%), olfactory bulb (88%), and brain involvement (97.3%). Hyam's grade category was significantly associated with dural involvement (φC = 0.26; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.16, 0.42). Subjects without radiologic skull base involvement (n = 66) had pathologic positivity of 12.1%. Within this subgroup, Hyam's grade was clinically significant for dural positivity (φ = 0.34; 95% CI: −0.12, 0.71) with 28.6% involvement in high grade tumors. Neither clinical nor pathologic positivity of intracranial structures were associated with significantly different OS or DFS.

Conclusions

Both CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) had reasonably good NPV for involvement of dura and olfactory bulb. Higher Hyam's grade was associated with dural involvement. Patients with low‐grade tumors not involving the skull base may be suitable for avoiding skull base resection; however, further investigation is warranted.
Reactive grafting of hydroxyethyl acrylate in styrene butadiene rubber: Characterization and its effect on silica reinforced tire composites
Authors: Li Shengkai , Liu Yudong , Hua Jing
Published: February 2023

Hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) was grafted onto styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) macromolecular chain by melt grafting method. Grafted structure was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H spectra of nuclear magnetic resonance. In addition, the SBR‐g‐HEA/silica composites have been studied for their improved filler dispersion through hydrogen bonding interaction at the SBR/silica interface. SBR molecular chains and the silica interface was enhanced through coupling interaction at the hydroxyl modified SBR/silica, at the same time. scanning electron microscope image of the cryo fractured surface of different SBR/silica composites and reduced Payne effect of rubber compound confirmed the silica particles have an even dispersion throughout the SBR matrix. The dynamic curves indicated the highest efficacy for wet and dry traction performances of SBR‐g‐HEA/silica composites comparing to unmodified reference sample. Meanwhile, the preparation of the composite does not need to add silane coupling agent to increase the capacity, there will be no volatile organic compounds produced by silanization reaction. Owing to the good properties such reduced energy and increased fuel efficiency, the SBR‐g‐HEA is an ideal eco‐friendly material for green tire tread.
A spatiotemporal analysis of precipitation anomalies using rainfall Gini index between 1980 and 2022
Authors: Sahbeni Ghada , Pleynet Jean Baptiste , Jarocki Konrad
Published: February 2023

As a reaction to the expanding challenges associated with social susceptibility and their interconnection to diverse environmental threats, parametric insurance plays a key role as an innovation tool in the insurance sector to enhance social resilience to natural disasters and extreme climatic conditions, which can tremendously impact several economic sectors, including agriculture and as a result food security. In this context, this research investigates the association between rainfall Gini index and drought events in Western Europe. For this purpose, we acquired ERA5 data for daily precipitation for five locations from 1980 to 2022. Gini index (GI) values were calculated and analyzed for each location with the Mann–Kendall test at a 5% significance level. As expected, a minimal decreasing trend has been observed for daily precipitation, while an increasing trend was recorded for Gini index. In addition, data on the soil moisture index (SMI) and top drought events were extracted from the European Drought Observatory (EDO) to explore their potential connection with the Gini index over time and space. Although a moderately low to negligible correlation, ranging between −0.27 and 0.02, was found between SMI and GI, a qualitative comparison between major drought episodes and Gini index anomaly showed that similar spatiotemporal patterns are present across the region, particularly for extreme drought events in 1996–1997 and 2003. The current study elucidates the rainfall Gini index's efficiency as a drought indicator for qualitative analysis, yet more work must be conducted to quantitatively evaluate its association with drought magnitude.
Medium chain carboxylate production from cassava wastes pretreated by ensiling
Authors: Undiandeye Jerome , Kiman Silas , Abubakar Abdulhalim M. , Dahunsi Samuel O.
Published: February 2023

Every year, approximately 35 million tons of combined cassava peels (CP) and cassava wastewater (CWW) are generated from the processing of cassava in Nigeria. The improper disposal of these wastes has serious environmental consequences in the form of air and water pollution. Using these wastes for biofuel production is one way of mitigating the impact of the mass flows on the environment. However, being a lignocellulosic biomass, CP requires pretreatment before it can yield a reasonable amount of biofuel. In this study, ensiling was chosen as a method for the pretreatment of CP slurry (CPS), formed from the combination of CP and CWW, for the production of medium‐chain carboxylates (MCCs), which have been reported to be more valuable than biogas and bioethanol. Calcined egg shells (CES) were added to some of the CPS before ensiling, to enhance the formation of butyric acid. The MCCs were produced through batch fermentation of the silage. The results show that ensiling degraded the hemicellulose and cellulose content of CPS. The silage containing CES had greater loss of volatile solids, higher butyric acid content, and a higher MCCs (C6‐C8) yield of 210 gkg‐1VS while the silage without CES had an MCC yield of 137 gkg‐1VS. Out of the three kinetic models that were used to predict the production of MCCs, the dual pool model gave the best prediction.
Optical and thermal properties of rare earth–doped K4Ca(PO4)2 phosphor
Authors: Mushtaque Sadaf Gauhar M. , Pawade Vijay B. , Dhoble Sanjay J.
Published: February 2023

The luminescent properties and energy transfer (ET) mechanism in the Ln3+ pair of the RE3+ (RE = Eu3+, Ce3+, Dy3+ and Sm3+) doped K4Ca(PO4)2 phosphor were successfully investigated using a conventional high‐temperature solid‐state reaction. In the near infrared (NIR) range, Ce3+‐doped K4Ca(PO4)2 phosphor exhibited a UV–Vis. emission band, whereas K4Ca(PO4)2:Dy3+ exhibited characteristic emission bands centred at 481 and 576 nm in the near‐ultraviolet excitation range. The possibility of ET from Ce3+ to Dy3+ in K4Ca(PO4)2 phosphor was confirmed by a significant increase in the photoluminescence intensity of the Dy3+ ion based on the spectral overlap of acceptor and donor ions. X‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐transform infrared and thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis TGA/DTA were carried out to study phase purity, presence of functional groups and amount of weight loss under different temperature regimes. Therefore, the RE3+‐doped K4Ca(PO4)2 phosphor may be a stable phosphor host for light‐emitting diode applications.
Cellulose‐based Conductive Gels and Their Applications
Authors: Jia Han , Michinobu Tsuyoshi
Published: February 2023

Cellulose‐based conductive gels are representative nanomaterials and have a good flexibility, biodegradability, and biocompatibility due to the cellulose. Therefore, they are considered as important candidates for the development of next generation nanoarchitectonics materials for electronics and green energy. To date, conductive cellulose gels have been widely investigated for various applications, including sensors, energy storage devices, energy generators, and actuators. A number of studies has shown that cellulose‐based conductive gels have a superior performance compared to gels prepared using petroleum‐derived chemicals. Therefore, in this review, we will introduce the general preparation method of cellulose‐based conductive gels in order to present the latest research results and to provide information for future nanoscience and research studies. Also, the main applications of cellulose‐based conductive gels and the progress of their research will be described.
Binary swallow swarm optimization with convolutional neural network brain tumor classifier for magnetic resonance imaging images
Authors: Kothandaraman Vigneshwari
Published: February 2023

The brain tumor classification is implemented through biopsy, which is not normally executed before classic mind surgery. Machine learning (ML) algorithms assist radiologists in tumor analysis, not including obtrusive evaluations. The conventional ML strategies need separate feature extraction to tumor detect thus it needs more computation time to perform classification. Deep learning (DL) based convolution neural networks (CNNs) have been focused on brain tumor detection. In this paper, the CNN algorithm is improved based on meta‐heuristics, which are used for pre‐trained systems for databases to categorize MRI brain tumor images. Pre‐trained DL, binary swallow swarm optimization (BSSO) is used for improving the weight and predispositions of the CNN algorithm. It is a block‐wise calibrating system which is dependent on transfer learning. The current technique is assessed over a publically accessible magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain tumor database containing three categories as glioma, meningioma, and pituitary by the most noteworthy rate among everyone brain tumor in medical training. The proposed strategy is assessed over T1‐weighted contrast‐enhanced MRI (CE‐MRI) benchmark data. To assess the execution, utilize the proposed strategies to the CE‐MRI dataset for tumor detection and in the general execution of the BSSO‐CNN model is estimated using the execution assessment measurements such as precision, sensitivity (recall), specificity, F1‐score, and accuracy. Exploratory outcomes demonstrated with the purpose of the proposed strategy higher when compared to other methods to all metrics.
Small tradeoffs between social equity and conservation outcomes in a freshwater payment for ecosystem services scheme
Authors: Wineland Sean M. , Rezapour Shabnam , Neeson Thomas M.
Published: February 2023

Conservation programs around the world aim to balance social equity, economic efficiency, and conservation outcomes. Tradeoffs among these three objectives necessarily exist but have been quantified in only a handful of systems. Here, we use a multi‐objective mathematical optimization model in a large, water‐limited river basin to quantify these tradeoffs in a freshwater payment for ecosystem services (PES) program aimed at establishing environmental flows (e‐flows). Across a range of budgetary and future climate scenarios, we find that tradeoffs between social equity and conservation outcomes are small. We also show that payment schemes in which incentives are allocated to a single water use sector are much less cost‐effective than schemes in which incentives are allocated among multiple sectors. Thus, allocating payments equally among agricultural, municipal, and industrial sectors can be both more equitable and more cost‐effective. Overall, our results illustrate how some carefully designed conservation programs may be able to achieve a triple bottom line of social equity, economic efficiency, and conservation effectiveness.
Controlling effects of pore‐throat structure and fractal characteristics on the physical properties of ultra‐low permeability sandstone reservoirs: A case study of the sixth member of the Yanchang Formation in the Xiaojiahe area, Ordos Basin
Authors: Li Guoxiong , Liu Chenglin , Zhou Ya‐nan , Wu Hanning , Awan Rizwan Sarwar , Shi Fei , Wu Yunfei , Zang Qibiao , Wu Yuping
Published: February 2023

Low and ultra‐low permeability reservoirs are widely developed in the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin, and its intricate pore throat structure has a significant impact on the physical properties and heterogeneity of reservoirs. This paper conducted a series of experiments to investigate the petrology, pore structure, fractal characteristics of ultra‐low permeability sandstone reservoirs, and influencing factors of the physical properties. The results show the sixth member of the Yanchang Formation (Chang 6) reservoir in the Xiaojiahe area is dominated by feldspathic sandstone. The main pores are intergranular pores, followed by dissolution pores. The Chang 6 sandstone has been categorized into four types (type I–IV) based on the traits of mercury intrusion curves. The high content of quartz and feldspar in the detrital components is conducive to improving the physical properties of the reservoir. The pore‐throat structure parameters, such as displacement pressure, median pressure, and pore throat radius can characterize the change in physical properties and reservoir quality. According to the capillary pressure fractal model of rapex (Pittman's plot apex radius), demonstrating the ultra‐low permeability, sandstone has a binary structure. The fractal dimensions D2 and Dp are more appropriate for characterizing the heterogeneity of the pore structure. The effects of different pore‐throat size scales on the physical properties of the reservoir have a discrepancy. Relatively large pore throats (r > rapex), non‐nanoscale pore throats (Porr>0.1), and effective movable pore throats (Porem) have significantly positive control effects on permeability and reservoir quality. In contrast, the development of nanoscale pore throats (Porr<0.1) and micropore throats of failure to enter mercury (Porfem) are unfavourable to reservoir performance. In conclusion, combining detrital components, pore‐throat structure, fractal characteristics, and other factors controlled the reservoir quality of ultra‐low permeability sandstone.
Cardiology pharmacy practice in Saudi Arabia: Historical evolution, current status, and future directions
Authors: Almalki Ohoud S. , Aldemerdash Ahmed , Al‐Jazairi Abdulrazaq S. , Badreldin Hisham A.
Published: February 2023

The pharmacy practice in Saudi Arabia has improved over the past two decades. Cardiology pharmacy practice was among the pharmacy practice specialties that witnessed steady improvement. A number of cardiology residency programs have been introduced in recent years, which has led to this steady growth in cardiology pharmacy practice. The current model of cardiology pharmacy practice in major hospitals in Saudi Arabia matches the model used in the United States. Nevertheless, more studies illustrating the value of clinical pharmacists' work with cardiovascular disease management are needed in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia's high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases presents a unique opportunity for cardiovascular clinical pharmacists to illustrate and expand the role they play at the individual and population levels. Moreover, Saudi Arabian cardiology pharmacy practice models need to be described to explain their growing importance. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of cardiology pharmacy practices’ historical evolution and their current status. In addition, we highlighted some challenges that continue to exist despite the development of cardiology pharmacy research, training, and education. Lastly, we discussed several strategies for overcoming these challenges and expanding the integral role of cardiology clinical pharmacists in Saudi Arabia.
Real‐World Hepatic Safety of Oral Acetaminophen Versus Loxoprofen/Celecoxib: Using a Nationwide Electronic Medical Record Database
Authors: Okumura Yasuyuki , Kimura Takeshi , Inokuchi Shoichiro , Okamoto Masahiro , Takano Toshio , Miyake Masumi , Kumagai Yuji
Published: February 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of liver injury associated with acetaminophen compared with 2 commonly prescribed non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, loxoprofen and celecoxib, over 1‐year period. This study used an electronic medical record database obtained from 219 medical institutions in Japan. Eligible patients were individuals with an initial prescription of oral acetaminophen, loxoprofen, or celecoxib prescribed for ≥28 days of treatment between January 2015 and December 2019. The primary outcome was the incidence rate of liver injury, defined as a diagnosis of liver disease and an elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level (>3 times the upper limit of normal). The primary hypothesis was that acetaminophen would be non‐inferior to loxoprofen or celecoxib with regard to the incidence of liver injury, with a non‐inferiority margin of 1.39. As a result, a total of 83,976 patients were eligible for inclusion in this study. The numbers of events per 100 person years for the primary outcome were 0.64, 0.52, and 0.41 for acetaminophen, loxoprofen, and celecoxib, respectively; these differences did not meet the non‐inferiority margin. The results for the 2 secondary outcomes for acetaminophen, loxoprofen, and celecoxib were incidence rates (events per 100 person years) of a diagnosis of liver disease of 1.51, 1.38, and 1.11, respectively, and incidence rates of elevated ALT of 9.69, 7.75, and 7.90, respectively; 3 of 4 comparison group differences did meet the non‐inferiority margin. In conclusion, the non‐inferiority of acetaminophen to loxoprofen and celecoxib in terms of the risk of liver injury in clinical practice was inconclusive in this study.
Valorization of kaffir lime peel through extraction of essential oil and process optimization for phenolic compounds
Authors: Houng Peany , Ly Keakaknika , Lay Sovannmony
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Kaffir lime peel is a food waste which contains good aromatic essential oil and phenolic compounds. Extraction of essential oil from kaffir lime peel is conducted to obtain the extract for using as biological ingredients in various products. After essential oil extraction, kaffir lime peel residue has been remained, and it can be considered as another by‐product. Therefore, it is interesting to evaluate the contents of phenolic compounds in the kaffir lime peel residue to understand the possibility of valorization of kaffir lime peel wastes at a practical level. In this study, extraction of essential oil from fresh kaffir lime peel was conducted by hydrodistillation, and phenolic compounds were extracted from the kaffir lime peel residue by process optimization of an ethanolic extraction method.

RESULTS

Through hydrodistillation and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis, essential oil of kaffir lime peel contained terpinene‐4‐ol (19%), β‐pinene (15.8%) and d‐limonene (15.6%) as the major volatile compounds. In extraction of phenolic compounds from kaffir lime peel residue, all investigated parameters had significant linear effects on the yield of phenolic compounds, but no interaction effects among the extraction parameters were observed. Optimal conditions for the extraction were 120 min, 60 °C and 1:20 g mL−1, resulting in phenolic compounds of 8.6 mg GAE g−1 sample. The phenolic compound yield extracted from fresh kaffir lime peel at the optimal conditions was close to that extracted from the kaffir lime peel residue.

CONCLUSIONS

Through hydrodistillation, only essential oil was extracted from kaffir lime peel, while phenolic compounds are still remained in the solid residue of the kaffir lime peel at high concentration as the fresh sample. Results of this study are useful for maximizing extraction yield of phenolic compounds from kaffir lime peel. The results of this study also revealed the possibility of maximizing the utilization of kaffir lime peel wastes at the practical stage through extraction of both essential oils and phenolic compounds. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Enhanced protein glutaminase production from Chryseobacterium proteolyticum combining physico‐chemical mutagenesis and resistance screening and its application to soybean protein isolates
Authors: Wang Lijuan , Lyu Yunbin , Miao Xing , Yin Xiaoqiang , Zhang Chong
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Protein glutaminase (PG) is a novel protein modification biotechnology that is increasingly being used in the food industry. However, the current level of fermentation of PG‐producing strains still does not meet the requirements of industrial production. To obtain the mutant strains with high PG production, the atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) combined with LiCl chemical mutagen were used in mutagenesis of a PG producing Chryseobacterium proteolyticum 1003.

RESULTS

A mutant strain (WG15) was successfully obtained based on malonic acid resistance screening after compound mutagenesis of the starting strain C. proteolyticum 1003 using ARTP with LiCl, and it was confirmed to be genetically stable in PG synthesis after 15 generations. The protein glutaminase production of WG15 was 2.91 U mL−1 after optimization of fermentation conditions, which is 48.69% higher than the original strain C. proteolyticum 1003. The PG obtained from fermentation showed good activities in deamidation of soy protein isolate. The solubility and foaming properties of the PG‐treated soy protein isolate were significantly increased by 36.50% and 10.03%, respectively, when PG was added at the amount of 100 U mL−1. In addition, the emulsifying activity and emulsion stability of the treated soy protein isolate were improved by 12.44% and 10.34%, respectively, on the addition of 10 U mL−1 PG. The secondary structure of the soy protein isolate changed after PG treatment, with an increased proportion of glutamate.

CONCLUSION

The results of the present study indicate that the PG produced by this mutant strain could improve the functional properties of soybean protein isolate and the C. proteolyticum mutant WG15 has great potential in food industry. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Introduction to the special section on social relationships and posttraumatic stress disorder treatment: Harnessing the power of significant relationships
Authors: Thompson‐Hollands Johanna
Published: February 2023

This article introduces the special section in the Journal of Traumatic Stress focused on social relationships and their connection to treatment among individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Interpersonal relationships have the potential to influence treatment‐seeking, retention, and outcomes. For individuals with PTSD, social relationships have long been understood to be intimately and bidirectionally tied to symptom levels. In light of somewhat modest rates of treatment response to current first‐line interventions for PTSD, there is growing interest in engaging these relationships, as well as relationship‐relevant beliefs and behaviors, to enhance PTSD treatment. This introductory article frames the rationale for examining these social factors to better understand and improve treatments and provides an overview of the collection of articles contained herein.
Approach and Management of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome in Operative Head and Neck Cancer Patients
Authors: Desai Veeral , Lamba Wiplove , de Almeida John , Goldstein David
Published: February 2023

Postoperative head and neck cancer patients are at increased risk for alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Literature has shown that in this patient population, alcohol withdrawal is associated with an increase in postoperative medical and surgical complications, length of hospitalization, and hospital‐related costs. Harm reduction and addiction medicine philosophies can reduce morbidity and mortality, but have not been fully validated in perioperative surgical management for head and neck cancer. This commentary synthesizes key principles of addiction medicine and current strategies that Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery surgeons can consider in their perioperative assessment and management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome in their patients.
Regionalization of Head and Neck Oncology Tumor Boards: Perspectives of Collaborating Physicians
Authors: Amin Neha B. , Bridgham Kelly M. , Brown Jessica P. , Moyer Kelly F. , Taylor Rodney J. , Wolf Jeffrey S. , Witek Matthew E. , Molitoris Jason K. , Mehra Ranee , Cullen Kevin J. , Papadimitriou John C. , Raghavan Prashant , Hatten Kyle M.
Published: February 2023

Objectives

To survey academic and community physician preferences regarding the virtual multidisciplinary tumor board (MTB) for further improvement and expansion.

Study Design

This anonymous 14‐question survey was sent to individuals that participated in the head and neck virtual MTBs. The survey was sent via email beginning August 3, 2021, through October 5, 2021.

Setting

The University of Maryland Medical Center and regional practices in the state of Maryland.

Methods

Survey responses were recorded and presented as percentages. Subset analysis was performed to obtain frequency distributions by facility and provider type.

Results

There were 50 survey responses obtained with a response rate of 56%. Survey participants included 11 surgeons (22%), 19 radiation oncologists (38%), and 8 medical oncologists (16%), amongst others. More than 96% of participants found the virtual MTB to be useful when discussing complex cases and impactful to future patient care. A majority of respondents perceived a reduction in time to adjuvant care (64%). Community and academic physician responses strongly agreed that the virtual MTB improved communication (82% vs 73%), provided patient‐specific information for cancer care (82% vs 73%), and improved access to other specialties (66% vs 64%). Academic physicians, more so than community physicians, strongly agreed that the virtual MTB improves access to clinical trial enrollment (64% vs 29%) and can be useful in obtaining CME (64% vs 55%).

Conclusion

Academic and community physicians view the virtual MTB favorably. This platform can be adapted regionally and further expanded to improve communication between physicians and improve multidisciplinary care for patients.
Healthcare Provider Feedback Improves Outpatient E/M Billing and Coding in Otolaryngology Clinics
Authors: Gill Amarbir S. , Menjivar Dennis , Shipman Paige , Sumsion Jorgen , Error Marc , Alt Jeremiah A.
Published: February 2023

Objective

Discrepancies in medical coding can negatively impact institutional revenue and result in accusations of medical fraud. The objective of the present study was to prospectively assess the utility of a dynamic feedback system for otolaryngology providers in improving the coding/billing accuracy of outpatient clinic encounters.

Methods

A billing audit of outpatient clinic visits was performed. Dynamic billing/coding feedback, consisting of a virtual lecture and targeted e‐mails, was provided at distinct intervals by the institutional billing and coding department. χ2 was used for categorical data, and the Wilcoxon test was used to compare changes in accuracy over time.

Results

A total of 176 clinic encounters were reviewed. Prior to feedback, 60% of encounters were inaccurately billed by otolaryngology providers, requiring upcoding and representing a potential 35% work relative value unit (wRVU) loss of E/M generated productivity. After 1 year of feedback, providers significantly increased the accuracy of their billing from 40% to 70% (odds ratio [OR]: 3.55, p < .001, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.69, 7.29), with a corresponding decrease in potential wRVU loss from 35% to 10% (OR: 4.87, p < .001, 95% CI: 0.81, 10.51).

Discussion

Dynamic billing feedback significantly improved outpatient E/M coding among otolaryngology healthcare providers in this study.

Implications for Practice

This study demonstrates that educating providers on appropriate medical coding and billing policies, while providing dynamic, intermittent feedback, may improve billing accuracy, translating into appropriate charges and reimbursements for services provided.
External affairs and trusted family businesses: A research agenda
Authors: Griffin Jennifer J. , Youm Yoo Na
Published: February 2023

In the past two decades, the Journal of Public Affairs has solidified corporate public affairs as a legitimate leadership skillset vital to driving future business growth. Yet, more work at a persistently overlooked gap in the Journal, the intersection of public affairs and family businesses, might shed new light on thriving, trusted, and sustainable business practices. This paper examines the unique contributions of family businesses as trusted influencers. As one of the most prominent forms of business, worldwide, family businesses persistently enjoy unusually high levels of public trust while collectively employing millions of wage earners yet their contributions to corporate external affairs research ostensibly have been largely overlooked. These “silent” community and social influencers offer a potentially new perspective on effective public outreach given their persistent and unique trust advantage. Family business' trust‐based capabilities can potentially bring new insights to understanding effective stakeholder engagement, credible communications, and issues management—the sweet spot of corporate public affairs functions. Future research opportunities based on relational‐ and locational‐ advantages of trusted family businesses are identified.
Tailoring high mechanical performances of self‐healable poly(vinyl alcohol)‐based elastomers via judicious grafting of side chains
Authors: Xu Xingran , Li Zili , Huang Yanwei , Zhang Ziying , Xiong Shisheng
Published: February 2023

Self‐healing conductive materials have become promising candidates for flexible sensor devices. However, the mechanical properties of the substrate elastomers are often poor due to the inherent performance of the materials. Here, a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)‐based self‐healing material with high strength and good thermal stability was prepared by side‐linked grafting modification of PVA with a one‐step esterification reaction. Benefiting from the hydrogen bonds and ion coordination between iron ions and carboxyl groups, the synthesized elastomer exhibited excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength of 38.6 MPa, fracture elongation of 1565.0%) and good self‐healing performance (self‐healing efficiency of 53.4% at room temperature). In addition, the high sensitivity and self‐healing performance of a silver nanowire‐coated elastomer strain sensor demonstrated the wide potential applicability of the prepared PVA‐based elastomers in health care, electrocardiography and safety monitoring. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Registration of ‘MT Sidney’ hard red spring wheat
Authors: Crutcher Frankie K. , Lamb Peggy F. , Nash Deanna , Fiedler Jason D. , Eberly Jed , Kephart Kenneth D. , McVay Kent , Torrion Jessica , Beiermann Clint W. , Vetch Justin M. , Chen Chengci , Holen Doug , Blake Nancy K. , Heo Hwa‐Young , Cook Jason P.
Published: February 2023

‘MT Sidney’ (Reg. no. CV‐1199; PI 699957) hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station in January 2021 as a new cultivar adapted to Montana's rainfed growing environments. MT Sidney was a selection from the cross MT1274/‘RB07’ and was tested in Montana as experimental line MT1716 from 2018 to 2020. MT1274 is an unreleased, Montana experimental line, and RB07 was released by the University of Minnesota in 2007 for high yield, moderate Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance, and good end‐use quality. MT Sidney was in the top‐yielding statistical group in our advanced yield trial that includes ‘Vida’ (PI 642366), the most widely grown cultivar in Montana. MT Sidney also has significantly higher test weight and an earlier heading date than Vida. Multiple years of FHB resistance screening indicate MT Sidney is moderately resistant to FHB. MT Sidney was released based on high yield potential, high test weight, early heading date, and moderate FHB resistance.
Prospective role of 3βHSD1 in prostate cancer precision medicine
Authors: Zhuang Qian , Huang Shengsong , Li Zhenfei
Published: February 2023

Background

Prostate cancer is addicted to androgens. The steroidogenic enzyme 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (3βHSD1) recognizes pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and steroidal medicine abiraterone as substrates to accelerate disease progression.

Methods

References for this review were identified through searches of PubMed with the search terms “prostate cancer”, “HSD3B1”, and “3bHSD1” from 1990 until June, 2022.

Results

Genotype of 3βHSD1 has been reported to correlate with tumor aggressiveness of advanced prostate cancer in multiple clinical scenarios. The ethnic differences and limitations of using 3βHSD1 genotype as a prognostic biomarker have been discussed here. The activity of 3βHSD1 increases in patients treated with abiraterone and enzalutamide, giving rise to treatment resistance. Further elucidation of 3βHSD1 regulatory mechanisms will shed light on more approaches for disease intervention. We also review the recent advance on 3βHSD1 inhibitors and targeting 3βHSD1 for prostate cancer management. Novel 3βHSD1 inhibitors will be needed to provide additional options for prostate cancer management.

Conclusion

3βHSD1 is both a predictive biomarker and a promising therapeutic target for prostate cancer.