bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study on infant and young child feeding practices and its associated factors among mothers of under two years children attending immunisation clinic in a medical college of Kolkata
Authors: Dey Rituraj , Kumar Mukesh , Mukherjee Dipankar , Joardar Gautam Kumar
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Appropriate feeding practices play a crucial role in achieving optimal health outcome. Feeding practices since birth at least up to young infancy has vital physical and mental health-related implications. Exclusive breast feeding (EBF) has an important role in prevention of diarrhoea and other leading causes of childhood morbidity and mortality. In this background, this study was conducted with the following objectives.

Objectives:

To assess the birth history of child and their feeding history, to find out the various socio-demographic profile of the mothers, to assess the knowledge on EBF and to find out the factors associated (if any) with the practice of EBF.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among mothers of children aged 0 to 24 months, who were attending the immunisation clinic in a medical college in Kolkata. As per NFHS-4, 47.7% of the children were breast fed within 1 hour of birth in Kolkata. This value is considered to calculate sample size. With 95% confidence interval, 10% allowable absolute error and 5% non-respondent, final sample size came to be 101. Data was collected by interviewing the mothers, using a semi-structured, pre-designed and pre-tested oral schedule which was mainly based on Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices mentioned by the World Health Organization. Data was collected from 6 January 2020 to 21 February 2020.

Results:

In this study, male was 45 (44.6%), female was 56 (55.4%). Majority (75.2%) belonged to urban area. About 18.8% of mothers were educated up to secondary level. 53.5% were delivered in private facility and 55.4% delivered by caesarean section. Only 32.7% of new-borns were initiated breast feeding within 1 hour and 31.7% of new-borns given pre lacteal feeding. Majority (88.1%) of the children received colostrum and 52.5% of the children were given EBF. Majority (63.4%) of mothers had knowledge about EBF. EBF was significantly associated with mothers’ knowledge about EBF, [OR (95%CI) = 5.52 (2.26-13.51). EBF also had significant association with the normal vaginal type of delivery of the baby [OR (95%CI) = 3.42 (1.49-7.83)] as well as with the mother who were homemaker [OR (95%CI) = 4.29 (1.52-12.09)].

Conclusion:

Considerable proportion of children were born at private facility and delivered by caesarean section. A significant percentage of new-borns were given pre-lacteal feeding. EBF were significantly more among educated mothers.
Etiology of new-onset seizures in adult patients of different age groups presenting to the emergency department in North India and their outcomes
Authors: Bhatia Mandip Singh , Sharda Saurabh C. , Yadav Gaurav , Mehta Sahil , Attri Ritu , Singla Neeraj
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Seizures are one of the most common neurological emergencies encountered in both urban and rural India. There is only limited research work on the etiology of new-onset seizures in adult patients of different age groups presenting to the emergency department, especially from the Indian sub-continent. A new-onset seizure can be the first presentation of stroke, or it may be a symptom of brain infections, metabolic abnormality, brain tumor, systemic disease, or an early phase of epilepsy, which needs scrutiny and appropriate management. A dedicated study of the underlying etiology of new-onset seizures among different age groups and their incidence and prevalence can help in the prognostication and clinical management of these patients.

Materials and Methods:

This was a prospective observational cross-sectional study conducted in the Emergency Medical Out-patient Department and emergency medical ward of the Post-graduate Institute of medical education and research, Chandigarh.

Results:

In our research, males out-numbered females. The most common seizure type recorded in our study was generalized tonic-clonic. In the younger age group between 13 and 35 years, infective etiologies were dominant. In the middle age group between 36 and 55 years, cerebrovascular accidents were the dominant etiology, followed by infective causes and metabolic causes. In the older age group above 55 years, the most dominating etiology found was cerebrovascular accident. Almost 72% had abnormal brain imaging. The most common abnormality found was ischemic infarcts. The second most common abnormality detected was a meningeal enhancement. A small percentage of patients had an intra-cranial bleed, and a very small percentage had a subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Conclusions:

In younger patients, infections such as tubercular and pyogenic meningitis and cerebral malaria are the most common causes of new-onset seizures, followed by malignancy and metabolic causes, in descending order. In the middle age group, stroke is the most common etiology, followed by central nervous system (CNS) infections and metabolic causes, in descending order. In elderly patients, stroke is the leading etiology for new-onset seizures. Physicians working in rural and remote areas routinely face challenges in managing patients with new-onset seizures. Knowledge of different etiologies in different age groups will equip them to make informed decisions regarding investigations and treatment of patients with new-onset seizures. It also encourages them to aggressively search for CNS infections, especially in younger patients.
Poorly controlled hypertension among adults treated for hypertension in Tshwane District, South Africa
Authors: Mokwena Kebogile , Modutoane Margaret
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:

Adequate control of hypertension (HTN) is essential to prevent complications such as cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Despite the use of established clinical protocols on the treatment of HTN in primary health facilities in South Africa, the HTN of many patients remains poorly controlled. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of poorly controlled HTN as well as identify related associated risk factors in a sample of adult attendees in primary health care facilities.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among adult hypertension clinic attendees at primary health care facilities in Tshwane District, South Africa. Data were collected using the WHO Stepwise instrument on chronic disease risk factor surveillance and anthropometric and blood pressure (BP) measurements. Stata Version 13 was used for data analysis.

Results:

Of the 327 patients who participated in the study, 72.2% were female and 27.8% were male. Their mean age was 56 years (SD = 10.8 years). The prevalence of uncontrolled HTN was 58%, with the mean systolic BP and diastolic BP of 142.18 and 87.43, respectively. The prevalence of poorly controlled HTN increased with age. Factors associated with poorly controlled HTN were age, gender, being unemployed, source of income, smoking, alcohol use, lack of physical activity, and skipping of medication. By multi-variate analysis, both the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were found to be significantly associated with poorly controlled BP.

Conclusion:

The high prevalence of poorly controlled BP among patients who are on treatment suggests the need to re-consider the appropriateness of the current integrated management and treatment of HTN used in primary health care facilities in South Africa. The results suggest that the established clinical protocols and standard treatment for HTN are not beneficial for all patients and that physicians should use the treatment response of individual patients to make clinical decisions.
Microbiological profile and their antibiogram of bloodstream infections amongst first and second surge of the COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Saini Vikas , Nirmal Kirti , Ahmad Nadeem , Das Shukla , Singh Narendra P.
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

The world is experiencing a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2. The prescription of a superfluity of unnecessary antibiotics without regard for the potential for increased antimicrobial resistances is extensive and unimpeded during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Aims:

To compare the microorganisms and the pattern of antimicrobial resistance of bacteremia during the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods and Material:

This retrospective observational study, to compared the blood culture of the COVID-19 pandemic during the first wave (April 2020 to September 2020) and the second wave (April 2021 to September 2021). All the blood culture isolates were identified and the antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done according to standard guidelines.

Results:

Out of 1470 blood culture samples, 259 (17.6%) blood bacterial isolates were grown in the first wave and, out of 4200 blood culture samples, 711 (16.9%) bacterial isolated during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CONS) was 32.8% followed by Staphylococcus aureus 29.7% in COVID first wave and staphylococcus aureus (48.9%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.6%) during COVID second wave were the most prevalent isolates.

Conclusions:

This study shows that coagulase-negative staphylococcus aureus and multidrug-resistant Klebsiella spp. are the leading causes of bloodstream coagulase-negative infections during both the first and second wave in the bloodstream COVID-19 pandemic.
The risk of cancer in primary care patients with thrombocytosis: A retrospective observational study within a family medicine setting in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ahmed Mayada , McWalter Patricia , Al Sharif Meshal
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:

An elevated platelet count, or thrombocytosis, is a risk factor for cancer. This study will highlight the importance of primary health care providers’ awareness of the potential for malignancy in patients with thrombocytosis.

Aim:

To evaluate the prevalence of cancer among patients aged above 40 years with elevated platelet counts.

Objectives:

The purpose of the study was to analyze the prevalence of cancer among patients aged above 40 years at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC) who had thrombocytosis and a platelet count above 450 × 109/L. A secondary objective was to examine whether primary care physicians were prompt in initiating investigation of these patients. This study’s findings will help primary care physicians thoroughly investigate thrombocytosis and develop guidelines that can be applied in primary care settings.

Materials and Methods:

This study was an observational cohort study. The data used originated from the family medicine patient Records at KFSHRC. The data were collected from electronic records by searching all the patient consultations and laboratory results that were available.

Results:

In total, 338 patients aged above 40 years had a platelet count above 450 × 109/L. Of these patients, 68 were men (20%) and 270 were women (80%). Cancer was diagnosed within two years of thrombocytosis in 7.8% of patients (n = 26), of whom 8 were men and 18 were women.

Conclusion:

It is necessary to enhance primary health care professionals’ awareness of the need to investigate the prevalence of cancer in patients with thrombocytosis.
Epidemiology of mucormycosis in post-COVID-19 patients treated in a tertiary care hospital, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Manda Venkata Vijayasekhar , Patruni Manoj , Nagendra MPA Babu , Bharthi M. Swatantra , Nagappa Vivek , Kurumella Hema Swaroop
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Mucormycosis is associated with high mortality (45–90%) in average-income countries including India. Prevention of mucormycosis associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or in patients recovering from COVID-19 needs a further understanding on epidemiology and underlying risk factors.

Methodology:

A hospital-based observational cross-sectional study was performed in a dermatology ward and neurosurgery ward, King George Hospital, Visakhapatnam (dedicated wards for mucormycosis), during May–June 2021 (60 days). After obtaining permission from Institutional Ethics Committee, the convenience sampling method was used and 115 cases admitted for mucormycosis who are post-COVID-19 patients were included in the study. Complete case history including the demographic data and signs and symptoms including the course of hospitalisation for COVID-19 was collected through a semi-structured questionnaire, and detailed clinical examination was conducted in relation with mucormycosis. Data collected were entered in MS excel 2010, and the analysis was performed using SPSS Version 21 for testing the level of significance with P < 0.05.

Results:

The majority of the patients belong to the 51–60 years (31.3%) age group, and 76.5% of them were females. Diabetes mellitus (76.5%) was the most common co-morbidity. Inhalational oxygen was given to 68 (59.1%) of patients. Pain in the eyes and nose was the most common complaint in patients with mucormycosis. Oxygen therapy during hospital admission and the presence of co-morbidities were significantly associated with findings of broad aseptate fungal hyphae on KOH mount.

Conclusions:

Prevention of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis needs to focus on aiming for appropriate oxygen therapy and better glycaemic control in COVID-19 patients and monitoring the use of systemic corticosteroids in treating severe cases.
Time series analysis of animal bite cases attending anti-rabies clinic
Authors: Grover Somya , Gupta Ajay , Dua Avtar S.
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:

Rabies is a disease transmitted mostly through animal bites in humans, and seasonal variation in animal bites has been reported by different studies. There has been no study in India using time series analysis for studying monthly variation in animal bite cases.

Aim:

(a) To find out long-term trends and monthly variations in new animal bite cases. (b) To make projections for new animal bite cases. (c) To find out the difference between actual and projected new animal bite cases following the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methodology:

A retrolective, record-based study was conducted in a tertiary care facility, Jaipur, and data of new Category II and Category III animal bite cases were taken from January 2007 to December 2021. A multiplicative model was used for conducting time series analysis. The projected monthly number of cases was estimated using the line of best fit based on the least square method.

Result:

An increasing trend in the annual number of animal bite cases was observed from 7,982 in 2007 to 10,134 in 2019. The monthly index was lowest for the months July to November (0.88 to 0.95), peaked in January (1.14), remained higher from January to June, and fell in July (0.95). The monthly number of new animal bite cases from April 2020 to December 2021 was significantly lower than the projected number (P-value < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Because the monthly index of animal bite cases was high from January onward, information education and communication (IEC) activities should be increased in the preceding months (November onward) for making people aware of immediate care to be provided to animal bite cases and seek prompt medical care.
Assessment of oral mucosal lesions among HIV positive transgenders residing in Odisha with and without Antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Rai Shilpa , Subramanyam Gautham Bala , Kumar Gunjan , Bhushan Vidya
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose/Background:

Transgenders are a highly vulnerable subset within the high-risk group for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in India. Oral manifestations are among the early signs of HIV infection. This study was conducted with the aim to assess the oral mucosal lesions among the HIV-positive transgenders in Odisha taking antiretroviral therapy as well as those not taking antiretroviral therapy.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was carried out among HIV-positive transgenders in four districts of Odisha. Snowball nonprobability sampling technique was adopted, and type IV clinical examination was performed using the modified WHO record form for oral manifestations in HIV/AIDS (2013). Independent sample t test was used to compare mean age among those taking ART with those not taking ART. Chi-square test was used to detect the associations among categorical variables.

Results:

The study comprised of 163 participants, 109 (71.24%) who were taking antiretroviral therapy, while 44 (28.76%) not taking antiretroviral therapy. The mean age was 32.56 + 7.69 years. Sex work was the most predominant occupation. Majority of the participants reported of having hyperpigmentation of different parts of oral mucosa. Aphthous ulcer and angular cheilitis was noticed in 14.72% and 9.20%, respectively. Other manifestations noticed included erythematous candidiasis, pseudomembranous candidiasis, oral hairy leukoplakia, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis, herpetic stomatitis/gingivitis and/or labialis, herpes zoster, warty like lesions/human papillomavirus, other ulcerations (not otherwise specified/necrotizing ulcerative stomatitis), and dry mouth due to decreased salivary flow.

Conclusion:

Careful evaluation of oral manifestations can improve the quality of life of these marginalized, highly vulnerable population.
Measuring impact of Covid-19 pandemic at a teaching hospital in north India
Authors: Gupta Harish , Patwa Ajay K. , Kumar Satish , Atam Virendra , Vidyarthi Vikas C. , Nigam Nitu
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Government runs teaching hospitals to impart a high-quality medical education to budding medicos and paramedical students in training. The experiences these trainees at various tenure positions get then and there shape their worldview for rest of the life and have an indelible impression. The Covid-19 pandemic disrupted all the routines at the hospitals around the world—including ours—and we make an attempt to measure it in one dimension in this study.

Materials and Methods:

We obtained attendance data of patients at out patient department and in patient department of our hospital. During the pandemic for a certain duration offline (physical) registrations were closed and they were attended only by online ones. Hence that data (actually a part of it) got captured electronically and we analyzed it to get an idea of the traversed course of the scourge.

Results:

When the pandemic surged during the spring and summer of 2021, our hospital was turned into a Covid facility. Hence average routine attendance of patients got reduced to a significant extent, elective surgeries/interventions and procedures were postponed and this data is reflected in an electronic system, perhaps making a long-lasting effect on the budding trainees. This fact needs to be realized so as to take appropriate action.

Conclusion:

We need to realize that the effects of the viral communicable disease may be enduring, not only for the infected patients and their families but also for those who learn on those patients. Therefore, the transmissible diseases disabled not only our society, economy, and health care services when they ascended but pedagogy too. Online learning came to rescue but only up to a certain extent and with several caveats and limitations.
Family support and well-being programme (FSWP): A specialized family strengthening psychosocial services for parents of children in conflict with law
Authors: Jangam Kavita V. , Ganie Aasim Ur Rehman , Purushothaman Kalpana , Nambiar Priyanka P. , Kommu John Vijay Sagar
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:

A multidimensional family support and well-being programme (FSWP) was initiated to support the families of children in conflict with law (CICL) and strengthen their participation in the integration process. This programme aims to successfully reintegrate children into the family and build parental capacity to manage them. This study presents the overview of the multidimensional FSWP initiated in an observation home, facility for CICLs, Bengaluru, a metropolitan city of India.

Methods and Materials:

The team of psychiatric social workers systematically delivered the family support programme to promote families’ involvement at multiple levels (individual, relationships, community, and societal) for successful reintegration of children in communities. The preliminary data about the participants was collected using strengths and difficulties questionnaire and parent interview schedule.

Results:

The programme activities consisted of engaging parents and family members in the parenting management training programme, addressing their psychosocial issues, identifying resources for postrelease rehabilitation and promotive interventions with children and their parents. The FSWP activities are developed to increase positive outcomes like favorable behavioral changes in children and emotional regulation, frequent participation and support of parents in the trial and rehabilitation process, and encouraging parental involvement in for successful community reintegration and placements of children.

Conclusion:

The family characteristics are integrally related to delinquency and practioners need to integrate such factors to improve parenting behaviors and enhance positive relationships between families and children.
Can COVID-19 lead to Addison’s disease in individual living with HIV? A case report and literature review
Authors: Choi Ji Soo , Mital Dushyant , Ahmed Mohamed H. , Raza Mohammed M.
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

We report a case of a 46-year-old female with HIV for the last 15 years admitted to our hospital with a history of fever. She was diagnosed with pneumonia and was treated with antibiotics and recovered well; however, she was found to be hyponatremic. She mentioned that she tested positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) 4 months prior to the admission, and she gradually lost weight since. Further investigation for hyponatremia showed that she had Addison’s disease with isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency. Magnetic resonance imaging of the pituitary was normal, and all auto-immune, hormonal, and biochemical investigations were normal. COVID-19 is also associated with adrenal insufficiency, and we suggest that further research is needed to establish the link between adrenal insufficiency and COVID-19. Our case report is unique as it demonstrates isolated ACTH deficiency leading to adrenal insufficiency following COVID-19 infections.
Incidental hepatitis B virus in Sudanese patients and relative risk factors: Why more screening is needed in primary care?
Authors: Hassan Haifaa A. M. , Nail Abdelsalam M. A. , Babiker Nassir A. , Ahmed Mohamed H. , Konozy Emadeldin Hassan E. , Ahmed Musaab , Abuzeid Nadir
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is considered one of the most paternally transmissible viruses. Therefore, education about its risk factors and transmission is vital in decreasing the prevalence of the disease burden in Sudan. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relative risk factors of HBV and its impact on the society.

Materials And Methods:

A facility-based, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among those who were incidentally detected with HBV surface antigen (HbsAg) and their contact family members by ICT and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in Tropical Diseases Teaching Hospital, Omdurman locality, Khartoum state, Sudan.

Results:

The study recruited 112 participants, among whom 63 individuals incidentally attended for screening for HBV and this led to contact tracing of 49 individuals (contact relative group). Among 63 patients of the incidental group, there were 83.9% males and 16.1% females. In the contact tracing group consisting of 49 individuals, there were 83.3% males and 16.7% females (odds ratio [OR] = 1.375, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.14–13.6; P = 0.000). All the participants were screened for HBsAg. HBV was found to have a significant association with male gender (OR = 1.375, 95% CI = 0.14–13.6; P = 0.000), marital status (OR = 627.084, 95% CI = 48–8195; P = 0.000), working as police officers (OR = 524.2, 95% CI = 43.5–6314; P = 0.000), residing in Khartoum (OR = 520.173, 95% CI = 43–6290; P = 0.000), being illiterate (OR = 558.4, 95% CI = 47.7–6544.7; P = 0.000), vaccination status (OR = 625.4, 95% CI = 48.9–7996.3; P = 0.000), and with some concomitant diseases (OR = 559.193, 95% CI = 47.7–6561.5; P = 0.000).

Conclusion:

The HBV is still considered a very critical, highly infectious disease; therefore, primary care physicians have an important role in the investigation, prevention, and health education, in order to prevent the viral spread.
Comparison of the Efficacy of Oral Methylcobalamin Tablets vs. Nasal Spray (NASO B12) in Diabetic Patients on Metformin Therapy
Authors: Salman Farookh Syed , Jayanti C. R. , Geetha A.
Published: December 2022

Context:

Metformin is known to increase in the risk of developing vitamin B12 deficiency. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of nasal spray of methylcobalamin (NASO B12) and methylcobalamin tablets for treating vitamin B12 deficiency in diabetic patients receiving metformin.

Materials and Methods:

In this parallel-group, comparative, open-label clinical study, patients (n = 100) were assigned to two groups: nasal spray of methylcobalamin (NASO B12) (methylcobalamin 250 µg/spray), sprayed in each nostril every alternate day for a total of seven doses (Group 1: a total of 3500 µg methylcobalamin per patient) and oral methylcobalamin tablets, a single daily dose of 1500 µg for a total of seven doses (Group 2: a total of 10,500 µg methylcobalamin per patient). The assessment of efficacy was carried out by measuring serum vitamin B12 levels at baseline, day 7, and day 14.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The analysis used is Student’s unpaired t-test.

Results:

NASO B12 treatment resulted in vitamin B12 levels of ≥400 pg/mL (recently updated normal levels as per American Academy of Family Physicians) in 86% and 92% of patients, on day 7 and day 14, respectively, whereas no patient attained ≥400 pg/mL with oral therapy. NASO B12 therapy resulted in higher mean vitamin B12 levels of 485.88 and 570.16 pg/mL when compared with 172.26 and 185.44 pg/mL with oral tablets on day 7 and day 14, respectively.

Conclusion:

NASO B12 provided much superior absorption of vitamin B12 when compared with oral vitamin B12 tablets and can be used as an effective alternative.
Built Environment Correlates of Diabetes and Obesity
Authors: Aarthi Garudam R. , Pradeepa Rajendra , Mohan Viswanathan , Venkatasubramanian Padma , Anjana Ranjit M.
Published: December 2022

Background:

A city’s planning, design, and construction can have a profound influence on health, specifically on non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and obesity, which are often referred to as “diabesity.” This study describes the designs and methods to understand the relationship between food and physical activity environments on diabesity.

Materials and Methods:

This study was a community-based cross-sectional door-to-door survey conducted as part of a large National Institute of Health and Care Research-funded surveillance project. For this study, two wards in Chennai were selected randomly. In each ward, five community enumeration blocks were selected using systematic random sampling technique. A consecutive sampling approach was used to select the study participants. Two categories of data were collected: (1) health data and (2) built environment (BE) data. Health and lifestyle questionnaires, anthropometric, and biochemical data were collected from all the study participants. For categorizing BE, an online questionnaire was developed using the KoBo toolbox to collect information about food and physical activity environments, as well as geographic locations.

Expected Outcome:

This study is expected to reveal data on the relationship between food and physical activity environments and diabesity. It will help policy-makers to understand the importance of access to healthy foods and spaces for physical activity in prevention and control of diabesity. It can also enable community-based interventions to improve health outcomes and help urban planners to plan cities that promote active lifestyles for its residents.
Computed tomography diagnosis of pulmonary hydatid disease
Authors: He Haijun , Chen Xiao , Yang Qiuyuan , Peng Zefei , Wang Caiqiong , Ke Tengfei , Liu Zhengyu , Yang Bin
Published: December 2022

Pulmonary hydatid disease is a helminthic zoonotic disease caused by Echinococcus infection. The symptoms may appear several years after infection. Chest computed tomography (CT) is the preferred examination method and plays an important role in early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis evaluation. CT can be used to diagnose simple cystic lesions. However, when the cysts are infected or ruptured, atypical imaging findings such as increased cyst density, blurring of the cyst wall, and surrounding exudation may lead to misdiagnosis of lung infection or lung abscess, hindering the therapeutic effect. We analyzed and compared the atypical imaging manifestations of pulmonary simple hydatid disease and hydatid cyst rupture. The aims of this report are to improve clinicians' understanding of these diseases, promote early diagnosis and treatment, and reduce the occurrence of complications.
Simulating high-fidelity emergency front-of-neck access
Authors: O'Sullivan Mai , Gaffney Sarah , Free Ross , Smith Stephen
Published: December 2022

Introduction:

In a cannot intubate, cannot oxygenate scenario (CICO), emergency front of neck access (eFONA) is the final lifesaving step in airway management to reverse hypoxia and prevent progression to brain injury, cardiac arrest and death. The Difficult Airway Society (DAS) guidelines advise the scalpel cricothyroidotomy method for eFONA. Anatomical and physiological changes in pregnancy exacerbate the already challenging obstetric airway. We aim to assess the impact made by introducing formal eFONA training to the perioperative medicine department of an obstetric hospital.

Methods:

Ethical approval and written informed consent were obtained. 17 anesthetists participated, (two consultants, one senior registrar, four registrars and eight senior house officers). Study design was as follows: Initial participant survey and performance of a timed scalpel cricothyroidotomy on Limbs & Things AirSim Advance X cricothyroidotomy training mannikin. Difficulty of the attempt was rated on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Participants then watched the DAS eFONA training video. They then re-performed a scalpel cricothyroidotomy and completed a repeat survey. The primary endpoint was duration of cricothyroidotomy attempt, measured as time from CICO declaration to lung inflation confirmed visually. After a three-month period, participants were reassessed.

Results:

Four anesthetists had previous eFONA training with simulation, only one underwent training in the previous year. The mean time-to-lung inflation pre-intervention was 123.6 seconds and post-intervention was 80.8 seconds. This was statistically significant (p = 0.0192). All participants found training beneficial. Mean improvement of VAS was 3. All participants' confidence levels in identifying when to perform eFONA and ability to correctly identify anatomy improved. On repeat assessment, 11/13 participants successfully performed a surgical cricothyroidotomy, mean improvement from first attempt was 12 seconds (p = 0.68) which was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:

This method of training is an easily reproducible way to teach a rarely performed skill in the obstetric population.
Efficacy of in-situ simulation training using evaluation checklists for sudden oxygen supply failure during general anesthesia
Authors: Nishida Keisuke , Watanabe Fumio , Kojima Taiki
Published: December 2022

Introduction:

Sudden oxygen supply failure (OSF) is a life-threatening consequence that may be triggered by natural disasters. Anesthesiologists are required to manage OSF promptly in such catastrophic situations. However, the current evidence regarding the efficacy of anesthesia training for sudden OSF is insufficient. This preliminary study aimed to introduce our in-situ simulation training utilizing evaluation checklists for a sudden OSF situation during general anesthesia and to evaluate the efficacy of the training program for anesthesia providers.

Methods:

This is a preliminary single-center, prospective study. We developed an OSF simulation scenario utilizing evaluation checklists with key actions to manage OSF. The training session comprised four components: orientation, benchmark evaluation (pre-test) according to the checklists, a short didactic lecture, and post-lecture evaluation (post-test). The scenario comprised two steps wherein the participants were supposed to utilize different oxygen supply sources immediately after OSF (Step 1) and minimize the amount of oxygen consumption (Step 2).

Results:

Fifteen anesthesia providers were enrolled. The score for all anesthesia providers in the post-test was significantly higher than that in the pre-test (median 8 [IQR: 8, 8], 3 [IQR: 3, 4], P < 0.001, respectively). The successful performance rates of all anesthesia providers in one key action of all the four in Step 1 and four of all the six in Step 2 were significantly higher in the post-test than in the pre-test.

Conclusions:

Our in-situ training method utilizing evaluation checklists for a sudden OSF situation improved overall performance of anesthesia providers.
Peripheral nerve block with ropivacaine in Brugada syndrome patient
Authors: Choi Eun Kyung , Park Sang-Jin , Baek Jong Yoon , Seo Myungjin
Published: December 2022

Brugada syndrome has a lethal arrhythmogenic risk during surgery or anesthesia. Perioperative drugs, electrolytic disturbances, and autonomic imbalance can trigger cardiac rhythm disturbances and even sudden cardiac death. Patients with this syndrome are at high risk during the perioperative period. However, the safest anesthetic management is still unknown. We report successful anesthetic management with peripheral nerve block (five points) using ropivacaine for lower-limb surgery in a patient with Brugada syndrome.
Boundary measurement and sign variation in real projective space
Authors: Machacek John
Published: December 2022

We define two generalizations of the totally nonnegative Grassmannian and determine their topology in the case of real projective space.We find the spaces to be PL manifolds with boundary which are homotopy equivalent to another real projective space of smaller dimension. One generalization makes use of sign variation while the other uses boundary measurement. Spaces arising from boundary measurement are shown to admit Cohen–Macaulay triangulations.
Bases of tensor products and geometric Satake correspondence
Authors: Baumann Pierre , Gaussent Stéphane , Littelmann Peter
Published: December 2022

The geometric Satake correspondence can be regarded as a geometric construction of
rational representations of a complex connected reductive group

G

. In their study of this correspondence,
Mirković and Vilonen introduced algebraic cycles that provide a linear basis in each
irreducible representation. Generalizing this construction, Goncharov and Shen define a linear basis
in each tensor product of irreducible representations. We investigate these bases and show that they
share many properties with the dual canonical bases of Lusztig.
On the small-time local controllability of a KdV system for critical lengths
Authors: Coron Jean-Michel , Koenig Armand , Nguyen Hoai-Minh
Published: December 2022

This paper is devoted to the local null-controllability of the nonlinear KdV equation equipped the Dirichlet boundary conditions using the Neumann boundary control on the right. Rosier proved that this KdV system is small-time locally controllable for all noncritical lengths and that the uncontrollable space of the linearized system is of finite dimension when the length is critical. Concerning critical lengths, Coron and Crépeau showed that the same result holds when the uncontrollable space of the linearized system is of dimension 1; later Cerpa, and then Cerpa and Crépeau, established that the local controllability holds at a finite time for all other critical lengths. In this paper, we prove that, for a class of critical lengths, the nonlinear KdV system is
not
small-time locally controllable.
A remark on weak-strong uniqueness for suitable weak solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Lemarié-Rieusset Pierre Gilles
Published: December 2022

We extend Barker’s weak-strong uniqueness results for the Navier–Stokes equations and consider a criterion involving Besov spaces and weighted Lebesgue spaces.
Non-transversal multilinear duality and joints
Authors: Carbery Anthony , Tang Michael Chi Yung
Published: December 2022

We develop a framework for a duality theory for general multilinear operators which extends that for transversal multilinear operators which has been established by Carbery, Hänninen and Valdimarsson (2022). We apply it to the setting of joints and multijoints, and obtain a “factorisation” theorem which provides an analogue in the discrete setting of results of Bourgain and Guth from the Euclidean setting.
Silver nanoparticle-modified graphite pencil electrode for sensitive electrochemical detection of chloride ions in pharmaceutical formulations
Authors: Taha Maaroof Yousif , Mustafa Mahmoud Kamal
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT. For the first time, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were fabricated with graphite pencil electrode (GPE) by immersing a bare hard black pencil (HB pencil) in AgNO3 solution mixed with extract Quercus infectoria solution, followed by placing directly against to UV lamp (254 nm) and kept for 30 min. Silver modified-GPEs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). The silver nanoparticles fabricated with graphite pencil electrode (AgNPs–GPE) showed excellent selectivity to chloride ion, as well as excellent reproducibility, together with it has several advantages such as sensitivity, simplicity, low cost, green, and fast response. The maximum oxidation cyclic voltammogram current of the AgNPs-PGE was found at 160 mV. The linear range of chloride ions detection is between (0.8-52 mmol L-1), and the limit of detection (LOD) of chloride ions is 0.041 mmol L−1. Finally, the Silver fabrication electrode was used to determine the chloride ion concentration in drugs, such as phenylephrine, metformin, procaine, and dopamine formulated with hydrochloride, and satisfactory results were obtained.

 

KEY WORDS: Electrochemical sensor, Cyclic voltammetry, Pencil graphite electrode, Chloride ion

 

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(2), 491-503.                                                               

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i2.17
Prevalence and Determinants of Undernutrition among People Living With HIV at Ngarama Hospital, Rwanda
Authors: Gitego Joselyne , Okova Rosemary , Habtu Michael
Published: December 2022

Background

Undernutrition is one of the important health problems in developing countries, which has undesirable health effect among people living with HIV (PLWHA).

Objectives

To determine prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among PLWHA in Ngarama District Hospital.

Methods

Cross sectional study was conducted among 267 PLWHA who were selected systematically as they came for care. Questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were used to collect data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed.

Result

The prevalence of undernutrition was 22.0%. After controlling all the possible confounders using multivariable analysis, the following variables were predictors of undernutrition: respondents’ age 21 to 30 (AOR = 17.24; 95% CI = 5.55 – 53.56; p < 0.001) and 31 to 40 (AOR = 19.15; 95%CI = 5.97 – 61.40; p <0.001) compared to those aged 41 years and above, social category one (AOR = 3.54; 95%CI = 1.18 – 10.59; p = 0.024); experienced gastrointestinal discomfort (AOR = 19.87; 95%CI = 5.09 – 77.55; p <0.001) and not received dietary counseling (AOR = 7.45; 95%CI = 2.83 – 19.62; p <0.001).

Conclusion

The prevalence of undernutrition among PLWHA was high. Therefore, the Ministry of Health and other stakeholders should campaign, counsel and assist with provision of dietary diversity using locally available foods.

Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2022;5(3):291-301
Siłaczki i macgyverowie. O determinantach demotywacji wśród pracowników polskich domów kultury
Authors: Radecka Ida
Published: December 2022

Strongwomen and McGyvers. On the Determinants of the Demotivation among the Employees of Polish Cultural Centres

The article deals with the topic of demotivation among the staff of Polish cultural centres. The aim of the paper is to explore the phenomenon from a humanist perspective. The first part describes the definitions of demotivation and the reasons it occurs. The research results were then presented. The answers obtained through an online questionnaire and interviews show that demotivation occurs in this group. The essential determinants of demotivation are elements of the internal environment of the organization.
Motywacja i potrzeby pracowników artystycznych z pokolenia Y. Studium przypadku instytucji muzycznej
Authors: Król-Dryja Elżbieta
Published: December 2022

Motivation and Needs of Artistic Workers from Generation Y. A Case Study of a Music Institution

The aim of the work is to analyse the motivational system used in one of the musical cultural institutions in Poland and to identify the motivating factors (motivators) for the work of the artists employed in it, representing the Generation Y. The first – theoretical – part contains selected motivational theories and the characteristics of Generation Y. The empirical part is a description of the results of the research carried out by the author.

A critical analysis of the literature and the results of surveys as well as interviews conducted in a cultural institution will allow the author to answer the following research questions: What are the current premises and needs of Generation Y when they start working in a public cultural institution? What are the motivating and demotivating factors for a Generation Y employee of a public cultural institution?

In order to research the topic, the author chose the case study method. A large (over 200 people) public institution promoting musical culture served as a model. Only a group of artistic creators (choir and orchestra with the decision-makers) from Generation Y (people born between 1980 and 2000) was subjected to the test.

The research showed the diversity of such occurring employee needs: stabilisation of employment, belonging to a team and the need for closer contact with art. The main motivating factors for work are also stable employment, but also finances, a friendly atmosphere and a possibility of professional development. Among the demotivators, the Millennials indicated the inadequacy of earnings in relation to work, lack of respect and poor working conditions.
Features of mucosal immunity in the development of periodontal diseases in patients with type II diabetes mellitus
Authors: Markelova Elena V. , Golitsyna Anna A. , Yugai Yuri V. , Pervov Yuri Y. , Kovalchuk Victor K.
Published: December 2022

Chronic generalized periodontitis takes one of the leading places in the structure of dental diseases. Inflammatory periodontal disease is one of the most common complications of diabetes. An important role in the progression of periodontitis in type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) belongs to disorders of the immune system that affect the supportive/retaining complex of the tooth. Inflammation of periodontal tissues which occurs in the patients with carbohydrate metabolism disorders is characterized by a more severe course, which worsens the condition and quality of life of patients with T2DM thus leading to tooth loss. In this regard, the immunological aspects of developing periodontal pathology under conditions of carbohydrate metabolism disorders are of great interest. Purpose of our study included comparative assessment of local TNF, TNF, IFN, IL-1, IL- 12, IL-17A levels in patients with periodontitis with and without carbohydrate metabolism disorders (type II diabetes mellitus), as well as in patients with type II diabetes mellitus without signs of periodontitis.

127 patients were examined, aged 30 to 59 years. The patients were divided into 3 groups, i.e., group I included patients suffering from periodontitis of varying severity without known comorbidities (47 persons); Group II consisted of patients with T2DM and periodontitis of varying severity (49 persons); Group III included patients with T2DM without symptoms of periodontitis (30 persons). The control group consisted of 30 practically healthy volunteers, matched to the patients for age and sex. Saliva specimens were used for laboratory studies. The levels of TNF, TNF, IFN, IL-1, IL-12, IL-17А were determined by ELISA sandwich technique, with specific reagents purchased from RD Diagnostics Inc (USA).

A significant increase in the IL-1, TNF, IFN and IL-17A levels was found in patients of all groups compared with controls. At the same time, the increased concentrations of IFN, IL-1, IL-17A correlated with increase in periodontitis severity in the patients of both groups. Decreased TNF levels in saliva samples were revealed in the patients from almost all groups, regardless of the periodontitis severity. Significantly increased levels of IL-12 (p40 subunit) were recorded in saliva of the persons from group II and III when compared with controls and the group without diabetes mellitus.
State Policy of Ukraine in the Context of its European Integration
Authors: Humeniuk Borys
Published: December 2022

The article examines the peculiarities of the formation of Ukraine’s state policy on European integration from the beginning of independence in 1991 to the present day. After a brief analysis of Ukraine’s state policy throughout the period of independence, the main emphasis is made on the current stage of development of Ukraine’s relations with the EU – after the Revolution of Dignity in 2014. It is shown that after the events of 2014, the state policy of Ukraine, which is aimed at integration with the EU, is qualitatively transformed and intensified. It is shown that the objectivity of the European direction of Ukraine’s foreign policy is logically conditioned by the geopolitical position and history of our state. The article analyzes the principles and trends in relations between Ukraine and the European Union, analyzes the most important stages and events that define the dialogue of our country with this international structure. Important integration factors are commitment to European values and European identity. In Ukraine, despite official statements about European integration as a foreign policy priority, the political elite does not always demonstrate consistency in the implementation of a certain foreign policy course. The success of the European integration strategy will depend on the implementation of reforms, norms and rules of the EU It has been proved that since the beginning of Ukraine’s independence, the real intensification of the state policy aimed at Ukraine’s European integration has intensified after the Revolution of Dignity. The high level of public support for the eropean inegration shows how much the situation in Ukraine has changed since 2014. Such events as the Euromaidan, Russia’s annexation of Crimea, the war in Donbass and Western sanctions against the Russian Federation have forced Ukraine to move away from its former multi–vector foreign policy. between the West and Moscow. Today, Ukraine’s cooperation with the EU is developing in all major priority areas, covering the economic, political, social and military sectors. The course for European integration follows from the very nature of Ukraine’s state independence, its desire to become an integral part of Europe.