bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An H/V Geostatistical Approach for Building Pseudo-3D Vs Models to Account for Spatial Variability in Ground Response Analyses II: Application to 1D Analyses at Two Downhole Array Sites
Authors: Hallal Mohamad Mahdi , Cox Brady R.
Published: July 2020

Common procedures used to account for spatial variability of shear wave velocity (Vs) in one-dimensional (1D) ground response analyses (GRAs), such as stochastic randomization of Vs or increasing small-strain damping, have been shown to improve seismic site response predictions relative to 1D GRAs where no attempts are made to account for spatial variability. However, even after attempting to account for spatial variability using common procedures, 1D GRAs often still yield results that are different than ground motions recorded at many downhole array sites. When 1D predictions differ from observations, the site is typically considered to be too spatially variable to effectively use 1D GRAs. While there is no doubt that some sites are indeed too variable for 1D GRAs, it is also possible that simple 1D analyses could still be effectively used at many sites if spatial variability is accounted for via a more rational, site-specific approach. In this study, an H/V geostatistical approach for building pseudo-3D Vs models is implemented to account for spatial variability in 1D GRAs. The geostatistical approach is used to generate a uniform grid of Vs profiles that have been scaled to match fundamental site frequency estimates from horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (H/V) noise measurements. In this paper, 1D GRAs are performed for each grid-point and the results are statistically combined to reflect the average site response and its variability. This 1D application is demonstrated at the Treasure Island and Delaney Park Downhole Array sites, where it is shown to produce superior fits to the small-strain recorded site response relative to existing approaches used to account for spatial variability in 1D GRAs. Using the proposed approach, we also investigate the lateral area that is likely influencing site response at each site and show that it could extend to significant distances (as much as 1 km) from the boreholes.
Exploring the transition into fatherhood: behavioral, hormonal, and neural underpinnings of responses to infant crying
Authors: Dijk Kim Alyousefi-van , Thijssen Sandra , van 't Veer Anna Elisabeth , Buisman Renate S. M. , van IJzendoorn Marinus H. , Bakermans-Kranenburg Marian
Published: July 2020

In the present hypothesis generating study, behavioral and neural responses to infant crying, as well as paternal hormone levels, were measured in both the prenatal and early postnatal period. Using a longitudinal design, we investigated parental sensitivity, handgrip force, and neural activation in response to infant crying sounds, in addition to testosterone baseline levels, in 25 first-time fathers. We describe the extent to which these aspects of paternal care are related across the perinatal period. The current exploratory study adds to the understudied field of early paternal care by making recommendations, and proposing hypotheses for future studies.
Increasing the Willingness to Participate in Organ Donation Through Humorous Health Communication: (Quasi-)Experimental Evidence
Authors: Betsch Cornelia , Küpke Nora Katharina , Otten Leonie , von Hirschhausen Eckart
Published: July 2020

Increasing people’s willingness to donate organs after their death requires effective communication strategies. In two preregistered studies, we assessed whether humorous entertainment education formats on organ donation elicit positive effects on knowledge, fears, attitudes, and behavioral intentions – both immediately after the treatment and four weeks later. We test whether perceived funniness mediates expected effects on attitudes and intentions. Study 1 is a quasi-experiment which uses a live medical comedy show (N = 3,964) as an entertainment education format, which either contained or did not contain information about organ donation. Study 2, a lab experiment, tests humor’s causal effect in a pre-post design with a control group (N = 144) in which the same content was provided in either a humorous or non-humorous way in an audio podcast. Results showed that humorous interventions per se were not more effective than neutral information, but that informing people about organ donation in general increased donation intentions, attitudes, and knowledge. However, humorous interventions were especially effective in reducing fears related to organ donation. The findings are discussed regarding the opportunities for sensitive health communication through entertainment education formats, psychological processes that humor triggers, and humor’s role in health communication formats.
Null results for the effect of the behavioral immune system on in-group cooperation.
Authors: Imada Hirotaka , Mifune Nobuhiro
Published: July 2020

The behavioral immunes system (BIS) is an evolutionary motivational mechanism that facilitates disease-avoidance behavior, and recent studies suggested that the activation of the system would influence various forms of intergroup attitudes. However, existing research tended to focus on attitudinal variables, and the association between the system and intergroup behavior has been understudied. Thus, the present research aimed to elucidate the influence of the activation of the BIS on in-group cooperation, one of the key areas of research on intergroup behavior. As in-group cooperation is often explained by another evolutionary mechanism, the reputation system, we orthogonally manipulated the activation of these two independent systems and investigated in-group cooperation in a prisoners' dilemma. Contrary to previous findings, we did not detect in-group favoring pattern, and it was found that neither of the BIS and reputation system significantly influenced in-group cooperation. We briefly discussed the implications of the null results and called for future research to further qualify our findings.
Should I stay or should I go? Evidence accumulation drives decision making in human drivers
Authors: Zgonnikov Arkady , Abbink David , Markkula Gustav
Published: July 2020

Laboratory studies of abstract, highly controlled tasks point towards noisy evidence accumulation as a key mechanism governing decision making. Yet it is unclear whether the cognitive processes implicated in simple, isolated decisions in the lab are as paramount to decisions that are ingrained in more complex behaviors, such as driving. Here we aim to address the gap between modern cognitive models of decision making and studies of naturalistic decision making in drivers, which so far have provided only limited insight into the underlying cognitive processes. We investigate drivers' decision making during unprotected left turns, and model the cognitive process driving these decisions. Our model builds on the classical drift-diffusion model, and emphasizes, first, the drift rate linked to the relevant perceptual quantities dynamically sampled from the environment, and, second, collapsing decision boundaries reflecting the dynamic constraints imposed on the decision maker’s response by the environment. We show that the model explains the observed decision outcomes and response times, as well as substantial individual differences in those. Through cross-validation, we demonstrate that the model not only explains the data, but also generalizes to out-of-sample conditions, effectively providing a way to predict human drivers’ behavior in real time. Our results reveal the cognitive mechanisms of gap acceptance decisions in human drivers, and exemplify how simple cognitive process models can help us to understand human behavior in complex real-world tasks.
Active exploration of faces in police lineups increases discrimination accuracy
Authors: Colloff Melissa Fay , Flowe Heather D , Smith Harriet M J , Seale-Carlisle Travis Morgan , Meissner Christian A. , Rockey James C. , Pande Babita , Kujur Pratibha , Parveen Noorshama , Chandel Priyanka , Singh Margaret Messiah , Pradhan Sraddha , Parganiha Arti
Published: July 2020

Eyewitness identifications play a key role in the justice system, but eyewitnesses make errors, often with profound consequences. Errors are more likely when the witness is of a different race to the suspect, due to a phenomenon called the Own Race Bias (ORB). ORB is characterized as an encoding-based deficit, but has been predominantly tested using static photographs of people facing the camera. We used findings from basic science and innovative technologies to develop and test whether a novel interactive lineup procedure, wherein witnesses can rotate and dynamically view the lineup faces from different angles, improves witness discrimination accuracy and attenuates the ORB, compared to the most widely used procedure in laboratories and police forces around the world—the static frontal-pose photo lineup. No novel procedure has previously been shown to improve witness discrimination accuracy. In Experiment 1, participants (N=220) identified own-race or other-race culprits from sequentially presented interactive lineups or static frontal-pose photo lineups. In Experiment 2, participants (N=8,507) identified own-race or other-race culprits from interactive lineups that were either presented sequentially, simultaneously wherein the faces could be moved independently, or simultaneously wherein the faces moved jointly into the same angle. Interactive lineups enhanced witnesses’ discriminability compared to static lineups, especially when they were presented simultaneously, for both own-race and other-race identifications. Our findings suggest that ORB is an encoding-based phenomenon, and exemplify how basic science can be used to address the important applied policy issue on how best to conduct a police lineup and reduce eyewitness errors.
Warriors, worriers, and COVID-19: an exploratory study of the catechol O-methyltransferase Val158Met polymorphism across populations
Authors: Rajkumar Ravi Philip
Published: July 2020

Background: Prevalence and mortality rates during COVID-19 pandemic have varied widely across nations. This phenomenon may be partly due to regional variations in health-related behaviours, some of which may be influenced by health anxiety. A functional polymorphism of the catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene, designated rs4680 or Val158Met, has been associated with anxiety-related behaviours and the so-called “worrier” phenotype. Methods: In this exploratory study, an analysis of the correlation between the frequencies of the Met allele of the COMT gene across 28 countries, obtained from the public domain Allele Frequency Database (ALFRED), and the COVID-19 prevalence and mortality rates in these countries, obtained from the Johns Hopkins Medical University web-based dashboard, was carried out while controlling for population size and median age in each country. Results: Allele frequencies varied widely across populations. Met allele frequency was positively correlated with COVID-19 prevalence (ρ = 0.527, p = 0.004) and mortality rate (ρ = 0.542) across nations. However, this association was no longer significant after controlling for confounders. Conclusions: These preliminary results suggest that there may be a relationship between the COMT rs4680 functional polymorphism and the impact of COVID-19 across nations, which could plausibly be mediated by maladaptive anxiety-related behaviours.
Indirect consequences of COVID-19 on people’s lives. Findings from an on-line survey in France, Italy and Spain
Authors: Arpino Bruno , Pasqualini Marta , Bordone Valeria , Solé-Auró Aïda
Published: July 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has limited individuals’ possibility to meet and socialize with others due to the state of emergency restrictions to movements, events and relations imposed in different countries. Most shops and restaurants have been closed and some economic activities have been seriously damaged. This significant disruption may have contributed to a deterioration of people’s mental health on top of other negative consequences of the pandemic. To better understand the indirect consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak on people’s lives we have designed the intergen-COVID online survey (https://sites.google.com/unifi.it/intergen-covid), carried out in France, Italy and Spain between the 14th to the 24th of April 2020. Quota sampling on the population 18-plus and post-stratification weights were used to achieve the alignment between the sample (N = 9,056) and the total population on important socio-demographic characteristics.We collected information on four key domains of individuals’ lives: intergenerational (and other type of) relationships (physical and non-physical; means of communication; frequency, etc.); living arrangements; mental health; events experienced during the lockdown (e.g., income loss, death of relative/friend due to COVID-19, worsened partner relationships, time spent with family); intentions for the future 3 years (e.g., fertility, living parental home, marriage, cohabitation, divorce/separation, retirement). In this paper we provide the main results from this survey, focusing on the first three domains abovementioned. The fourth domain consists of questions applicable to different sub-groups of the population and will be analyzed in separate papers. We show that, despite the general reduction of physical contacts, with low educated people reporting a lower reduction in all kinds of physical contacts, non-physical contacts have significantly increased, especially among women. About 50% of respondents felt sad or depressed more often than usual during the lockdown, but mental health deterioration was found to be heterogeneous and vary with respondents’ age, gender and country. Job and income loss, and worsening of relationships quality were other negative consequences often experienced during the lockdown, especially by younger individuals. Finally, although maintaining physical distance, during the lockdown people have experienced a high level of social connection, emotional support and practical help.
No effect of cycling shoe sole stiffness on sprint performance
Authors: Hurt James Warren , Kram Rodger
Published: July 2020

Most competitive and recreational road cyclists use stiff-soled shoes designed for cycling and “clipless” pedals that firmly attach to the shoes. There are many unsubstantiated claims by cyclists and industry professionals about the advantages of cycling shoes and clipless pedals. Scientific research has shown that cycling shoes and clipless pedals have no significant effects on the metabolic cost of cycling during submaximal, steady-state efforts. However, a recent study demonstrated that, compared to running shoes, cycling shoes and clipless pedals do provide performance benefits relevant to sprint cycling. Here, we investigated if there was a positive relationship between longitudinal bending stiffness of cycling shoe soles and sprint performance. We measured the mechanical power outputs, velocities, and cadences of 19 healthy male recreational/competitive cyclists during maximal sprint cycling. Participants rode outdoors on a paved asphalt road with a steady, uphill grade of 4.9%. Each subject completed nine 50 m cycling sprints in three (single-blinded) shoe conditions: identical shoe uppers with injection moulded nylon soles, carbon fibre-fibreglass blend soles, and full carbon fibre soles. The same clipless pedals were used throughout all tests. No significant differences were detected between the three shoe soles for: 50 m average and peak 1-second power, average change and peak change in velocity, average and peak cadence, maximal sprint velocity, peak acceleration, and peak crank torque (all p > 0.31). Greater longitudinal bending stiffness of cycling shoe soles had no effect on sprint performance during short uphill sprints.
Study of Platelets Derangement in Toxemia of Pregnancy
Authors: Sah Archana Kumari , Rana Sarita , Pal Manindra Nath
Published: July 2020

Background: Toxemia of pregnancy has been identified as multisystem disorder associated with high maternal and neonatal complications. Platelets, Liver enzymes and Lactic Acid Dehydronagenase (LDH) derangements have been shown to be associated with the severity of the disorder. The present study aims to find the association of toxemia of pregnancy with the derangement of platelets count at our centre.

Methods: The study was a prospective study conducted with sixty cases of toxemia of pregnancy during the study period of one and half years (December 2014 to July 2016). The statistical evaluation was calculated using SPSS software version 20.1 with student t-test and Anova.

Results: The incidence of toxemia of pregnancy was found to be 10.45%. The majority of cases (66.70%) were between 20 to 29 years of age. Most of the cases 68.34% were primigravida. Mild pre-eclampsia was seen in 45% of cases and severe pre-eclampsia in 38.30% of cases. Eclampsia was seen in 10% of cases and 6.7% of the cases of chronic hypertension developed superimposed preeclampsia. Mean platelets count observed in severe pre-eclampsia toxemia (PET) was 1. 21 lac/mm3 in eclampsia was 1.03 lac/mm3 (P-Value 0.001). The mean platelets count was statistically significant and correlated with the severity of the diseases.

Conclusions: The study concluded with the observation that derangements of platelets counts significantly correlate with the severity of the diseases and its early detection during pregnancy can reduce eventual maternal and fetal complications.

Keywords: eclampsia; hypertensive disorder of pregnancy; platelets count; pre-eclampsia; toxemia of pregnancy.
Radiometric Analysis of Body and Canal of Lumbar Vertebrae among Population of Central Nepal
Authors: Mansur Dil Islam , Karki Subindra , Mehta Dilip Kumar , Shrestha Pragya , Maskey Sunima , Shrestha Sheprala
Published: July 2020

Background: Lumbar region is the most vulnerable area for the common symptom of backache. The lumbar part of spinal canal encloses the cauda equina. Narrowing of the canal can be either developmental or acquired. This leads to compression of the cauda equina and subsequently pain develops which may be further associated with neurological features. The aim of the present study was to measure the dimensions of lumbar vertebrae. 

Methods: The present study was a descriptive and cross-sectional type. It consisted of 266 images of computed tomography scan of individuals. The various dimensions of lumbar vertebral canal and body were measured in millimeter. The descriptive statistical analysis was done.

Results: The mean of the transverse diameter of lumbar vertebral canal increased from L1 to L5 but the antero-posterior diameter decreased from L1 to L4 followed by increased at L5. It was also observed that both transverse and antero-posterior diameter of body progressively increased from L1 to L5 vertebrae. The canal-body ratio was inconsistent for any vertebral level. There were sig­nificant differences in various dimensions of lumbar vertebrae between males and females.

Conclusions: All the measured diameters of canal and body revealed increasing cranio-caudally  sequence in the lumbar part of spine. The antero-posterior diameter of canal could attract the attention of clinician as an important structural change with significant radiological and clinical implications.

Keywords: back pain; lumbar vertebrae; stenosis
Clinical Profile, Laboratory Profile and Current Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Enteric Fever in a Teaching Hospital of Central Nepal
Authors: Pan Atanu , Jana Debarshi
Published: July 2020

Background: About 26.9 million typhoid cases and more than 2 lakh deaths occur each year, with      majority of the cases reported in Asia. The incidence of typhoid varies substantially within Asia. The aim of the study is to asses study the clinical and laboratory profile, culture positive & sensitivity pattern of Salmonella Typhiand its response to antimicrobial therapy in the paediatric department of College Of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur, Nepal.

Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among 104 Children in the age group of 5 to 12 years admitted with history of fever ≥5 days duration chosen as study population Paediatric Department College Of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur, Nepal from  February 2015 to October 2019.

Results: Our study found that 40(38.5) patients had pallor, 28(26.9) patients had Hepatomegaly, 19(18.3) patients had splenomegaly and 21(20.2) patients had coated tongue. It was found that 37(90.2) patients had sensitive ciprofloxacin, 37(90.2) patients had sensitive ofloxacin, 39(95.1) patients had sensitive levofloxacin and 37(90.2) patients had sensitive azithromycin. 38(92.7) patients had sensitive Cefixime, 38(92.7) patients had sensitive ceftriaxone, 39(95.1) patients had sensitive imipenam and 33(80.5) patients had sensitive cotrimoxazole ,32(78.0) patients had sensitive amoxicillin, 37(90.2) patients had sensitive cefotaxime.

Conclusions: Enteric fever is an important cause of febrile illness in children. Fever with anorexia, cough, diarrhea, headache, hepatosplenomegaly were the common clinical manifestations of enteric fever. An adequate trial of first line antibiotics like oral cefexime,ofloxacin,co-trimoxazole, ampicillin can be tried before starting injectable antibiotics due to increased emergence of sensitivity to these drugs.

Keywords: enteric fever; antibiotic sensitivity pattern
Species Diversity of Pteridophytic Flora in Bhimkalipatan, Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Upadhaya Harilal , Bastakoti Narayandatta
Published: July 2020

The study of Pteridophytic flora of Bhimkalipatan, Pokhara was conducted from May 2018 to October 2018. The Pteridophytic plants were collected and then dried for herbarium specimen preparation. The prepared Herbarium voucher specimens were identified based on standard literatures and finally verified from KATH, Kathmandu. A total of 27 species under 19 genera belonging to 11 families were recorded. The family Polypodiaceae was the largest family with eight species under five genera. The family Pteridaceae stood second with six species under three genera. The family Dryopteridaceae was third largest family represented by three species under three genera. In the same way, the families Lygodiaceae and Thelypteridaceae were represented by two species each under two genera respectively. The remaining six families i.e. Davalliaceae, Equisetaceae, Lycopodiaceae, Nephrolepidaceae, Selaginellaceae and Woodsiaceae were represented by one species each. The largest genera were Pteris and Pyrossia representing three species each followed by Adiantum, Drynaria, Lygodium and Thelypteris with two species each respectively and the remaining 13 genera are monotypic genera. Habitat wise, the collected species were terrestrial represented by nine species followed by seven epiphytes, two climbers and one lithophyte. Likewise, three species were found as terrestrial, epiphytes and lithophytes; three species as epiphytes and lithophytes and two species as terrestrial and lithophytes.
Numerical simulation of the gas-liquid flow inside a horizontal static mixer
Authors: Ryan Anugrah Putra  , Nugroho Akhlisa Nadiantya Aji
Published: July 2020

The gas-liquid flow inside a horizontal static mixer was numerically investigated by using Euler-Euler Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. The results confirm that the liquid superficial velocity plays a significant role on the mixing behavior of the gas and liquid. The mixing behavior in this present study at a liquid superficial velocity of 0.2 m/s was the worst both axially and radially. Increasing the liquid superficial velocity significantly improve the mixing between gas and liquid. However, the unwanted gas layer still can be found at the superficial liquid velocity less than 0.8 m/s. A good mixing behavior in this study was achieved at a relatively high velocity (i.e. larger than 0.8 m/s).
Peran Ontologi dalam Pengembangan Sistem Rekomendasi pada Domain Online Learning
Authors: Wulandari Ika Arthalia , Pahu Guna Yanti Kemala Sari Siregar , Rahayu Puji
Published: July 2020

As online learning resources increase exponentially on the World Wide Web, online students have difficulty choosing the most suitable and relevant learning material that meets their learning needs due to information overload. Online learning recommendation system is used to predict the preferences or ranking of learners' targets on learning objects for the purpose of generating recommendations. However, the Recommendation system is considered to lack the ability to resolve semantic interoperability issues with heterogeneous sources of information. The purpose of this study is to discuss the role of ontology in the development of recommendation systems in the online learning domain. There are four electronic journal databases selected as references, namely IEEE, Science Direct, Springer Link, and ACM Digital Library. This study obtained 9 articles that were synthesized to answer research questions. This study shows that the involvement of ontology for knowledge representation in the recommendation process can improve the accuracy and quality of recommendations and at the same time help to overcome the weaknesses associated with conventional recommendations.
Ocena atrakcyjności i dostępności zabytkowych obiektów militarnych wykorzystywanych dla potrzeb turystyki
Authors: Zienkiewicz Aleksandra , Podciborski Tomasz
Published: July 2020

Celem głównym badań było opracowanie i wykorzystanie metody oceny atrakcyjności i dostępności zabytkowych obiektów militarnych wykorzystywanych dla potrzeb turystyki. Metodę tę zweryfikowano na przykładzie wybranych obiektów badawczych – kompleksu Bunkrów Blüchera w Ustce i twierdzy Wilczy Szaniec w Gierłoży. W ramach celów szczegółowych na podstawie wyników badań ankietowych wyodrębniono elementy mające największy wpływ na efektywne kształtowanie przestrzeni turystycznej. W dalszej części pracy przedstawiono wskaźniki oraz mierniki oceny atrakcyjności przestrzeni zabytkowych obiektów militarnych, opracowując jednocześnie zasady prowadzenia tej oceny.
Meaningful curriculum
Authors: DA SILVA SILVA GISELLE , Pereira de Oliveira Francisco , Santos Ferreira Correa Leidiane , LOPES CUNHA DANUSA , CECIM DA SILVA JAIR FRANCISCO , CARVALHO DE SOUZA MARCUS ALEXANDRE , LIMA DE SOUZA ADRIANE BEATRIZ , DE MOURA FERREIRA GEISA BRUNA , Gomes de Sousa Daniel
Published: July 2020

The study took place at Maria Benedita Mota School, located in the coastal community of Perimirim, which is part of the Araí-Peroba Marine Extractive Reserve (RESEX-Mar) in the municipality of Augusto Corrêa-PA. The participants of the study are educational agents (principals, pedagogical coordinators, teachers and students) immersed in the context and who have knowledge related to local biodiversity, such as the sea, mangroves, small-scale fishery, crustaceans, and family farming. The aim of the study is to understand how the school develops the meaningful curriculum based on the local reality and to systematize the traditional knowledge through oral texts about the mangrove and preservation of the local ecosystem in order to reach students. The methodology is a participatory observation of qualitative nature, which allows the understanding of the object under study having as starting point its reality. The project developed at the school comprised a class trip to the mangrove, drawings, paintings, poetry, paper folding, research, paper cutting and collage, ending up with the presentation in the pedagogical projects exhibition of the school. The results show that the teaching and learning processes become pleasurable, relevant and meaningful for students when the curriculum is based on the reality of people, especially students.
CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CHRONIC GASTRODUODENAL PATHOLOGY IN CHILDREN WITH FOOD ALLERGY
Authors: Bubyr L.М.
Published: July 2020

Today, despite the large number of research reports on food allergy, there are some issues associated with its systemic character and complicated diagnosis that requiring in-depth study of this condition. The factors to be elucidated and studied in greater detail include etiologically significant risk factors for food allergy as well as the complex immunological pathogenetic mechanisms of its development. Thus, the aim of our work was to investigate the immunological status of children with inflammatory diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract, who had a history of food allergies. Materials and methods. The study included 34 children aged 6 – 15 years with gastroduodenal pathology and food allergy manifestations, whose parents voluntarily consented to their participating in the research. All children underwent a comprehensive allergic and immunological examination. Results and discussion. The distribution of children with gastroduodenal pathology, who had a history of allergic response when consuming food, by immunoglobulin E level, was almost uniform. Analysis of cytokine status has shown a prevalence of pro-inflammatory cytokine - interleukin-4 in more than half (56.3%) of the patients with IgE-mediated allergic reactions to food vs. 38.9% of children in the comparison group. Over the study, it has been found out that elevated levels of the thymus-associated regulatory chemokine - TARC / CCL17 made up 38.3% of the total number of subjects. Conclusion. The results of the study point out the persistence of food allergic manifestations in children with chronic gastroduodenal pathology, regardless of IgE or non-IgE mediated reactions that has been confirmed by the presence of allergic inflammatory markers as interleukin-4 and TARC / CCL-17 chemokine in the deficiency of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10, which in turn necessitates the thorough monitoring of the cases and implementation of elimination measures into clinical protocols for managing this group of patients.
ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRESS FACTOR AND FUNCTIONAL STATE OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IN ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Shaposhnyk O.A. , Sokolenko V.M. , Kopyt’ko N.S. , Shevchenko T.I. , Kudrya I.P.
Published: July 2020

A variety of factors influence the performance of schoolchildren. The main factors are psycho-emotional stress and systematic physical activity that requires a constant tension of body's regulatory systems aimed at mobilizing the functional body reserves. The analysis of blood pressure enables to estimate quantitative and qualitative changes in the regulation of the cardiovascular system. The combination of the Stroop test and the monitoring of the cardiovascular system make it possible to assess not only attention and cognitive function parameters, but the phases of the stress response of regulatory systems as well. The purpose of the study was to analyze the relationship between stress factor and the functional state of adolescent cardiovascular system. In the context of stress factor (Stroop test), the circulatory system of students gets activated, and its indicators vary differently among boys and girls. At rest, girls have the lowest performance of the circulatory system. Before the test, heart rates vary in boys and girls in different ways. In the course of our study, we have found out a direct relationship between heart rate, blood pressure before and after psycho-emotional load that testifies the predominance of the sympathoadrenal system activity. We have revealed the arterial hypertension is determined by physiological and social factors. Prevention of arterial hypertension in existing standards of schools requires reconsidering and improving of educational approaches, especially in terms of physical education.
CURRENT STRUCTURE OF PATIENTS SEEKING FOR ORTHODONTIC CARE
Authors: Petrova A.V. , Makarova O. M. , Rud Yu.V. , Kuroiedova V.D.
Published: July 2020

Now an orthodontist is a very demandable dental specialist due to increasing number of patients seeking for orthodontic care. Analysis of patients by their age, diagnosis and sex can allow orthodontists to understand more clearly which pathology and which patients are the most prevalent and to find the best approaches to satisfy the clients’ demands. This analysis provides the potential to create more targeted approach in diagnosis, treatment and prevention of malocclusions. At the Department of Postgraduate Education of Orthodontists, Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy, we performed an analysis of 2,359 outpatient medical cards (1296 patients, who took treatment in 2019, and 1063 patients, who took treatment in 1999). It is noteworthy that for the 20-year period the number of people seeking for orthodontic care has risen in 9.9 times, despite the rapid development of private dentistry services. The data of the analysis have demonstrated that today adults make up the larges share of the orthodontic patients. Therefore, orthodontic correction by using fixed appliances has become a priority. Moreover, female individuals ask for help more often that is determined by the increase in women's social attitude to their appearance. All this confirms social and psychological significance of orthodontics. As for the male individuals seeking for orthodontic care, their number has been found out to increase in the age 14 – 18 that may be related to the findings revealed at pre-military medical checkups. As for the commonest types of malocclusions for these two periods, I class malocclusion by Angle has been found out as the most prevalent, II class by Angle is ranking the second position and III class by Angle and a deep bite are sharing the third position.
DIALOGUE IN PEDAGOGICAL INTERACTION AS A PRECONDITION TO FOSTER MEDICAL STUDENT PROFESSIONALIZATION
Authors: Donets I.M. , Hryhorenko A.S. , Voloshyna O.V. , Shtepa K.V.
Published: July 2020

A large-scale reform of Ukrainian education has set up new challenges in the field of education and professional training. The society raises questions on the humanization of professional education, its focus on a differentiated approach to learning, taking into account the individual characteristics of each person, its potential. Therefore, it is critical to create favourable conditions throughout the entire period of learning at the university. Many researchers and practitioners also raise the question of the spiritual and personal development of students, boosting of their self-consciousness, as well as the ways to foster a positive and creative approach to their future profession. The importance of the dialogue in the pedagogical interaction as a condition for the development of the professional orientation of medical students, their self-identification as carriers of professional values is emphasized. The article elucidates the psychological and pedagogical conditions for the development of the professional orientation of future doctors. Based on the results of empirical research, the nature of the relationship between teachers and students, the styles of their pedagogical interaction are described. The article reveals the features of pedagogical interaction: the analysis of various approaches to its definition, as well as its main mechanisms. Particular attention is paid to such a side of pedagogical interaction between the teacher and students as pedagogical communication, the so-called "barriers" in communication and ways to overcome these obstacles. The leading forms of organization of the educational process, which will ensure the optimization of pedagogical interaction between the teacher and students, are detailed.
OBJECTIVE STRUCTURED PRACTICAL EXAMINATION ON DISCIPLINE “UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE AS FOREIGN LANGUAGE” AS TOOL TO ASSESS COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCIES OF INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL SDTUDENTS
Authors: Zhovnir M.
Published: July 2020

High quality higher education is a solid basis of individual and public intellectual property. It is also an integrated part of standard of living and citizens’ welfare. Finally, the mission of higher education is to offer competitive priority to its receivers now and in the future. So, we need to pay our attention on the quality of education. This article focuses on the evaluation of language and communicative competencies of future health care professionals. Health care system is of exceptional importance because the existence and further development of the state institution as a whole is impossible without the full and harmonious functioning of the health care system. The author highlights approaches to monitor students’ knowledge and speaking skills as well as behaviour, attitude. Applying Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) at a medical university, especially at the non-clinical departments has been proven as an effective tool to assess these abilities, describes the design, preparation and procedure of this examination. Some themes within the scope of the material checked («At the hospital admission office. Primary patient assessment. General complaints of the patient»», III year, medical faculty) have been presented and analyzed in details in the context of this examination. Experimental Stations of the Objective Structured Clinical Examination on the discipline «Ukrainian as a Foreign Language» is one of the modern way to evaluate how effectively medical students can communicate and apply language knowledge when simulating commonly encountered scenarios at medical settings. Moreover, the Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) can be used for checking of students’ communicative skills. Thus, there are some differences between the Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) and the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). The study has been presented within the anthropocentric scientific paradigm. The methodology included descriptive analytical methods, general linguistic methods, modern methods of comparison, discourse analysis.
THE EFFECT OF ESSENTIAL OILS ON MICROORGANISMS CAUSING CARIES AND PERIODONTITIS
Authors: Devyatkina N.M. , Bobrova N.O. , Vazhnichaya E.M.
Published: July 2020

The oral cavity contains a large number of bacteria, some of which are involved in the development of caries and periodontitis (S. mutans, S. sobrinus, Lactobacilli spp, P. intermedia, P. gingivalis, and T. forythus). The disadvantages of existing antiseptics used in dentistry necessitate the study of antibacterial properties of herbal medicines, and, in particular, of essential oils. The aim of this review is to provide the analysis of literature sources from PubMed and Google Scholar databases related to the effects of essential oils of cloves, mint, thyme, eucalyptus, tea tree and their components on cariogenic and periodontopathic microflora. It was found out that the most in vitro studies evaluated the effects of essential oils or isolated compounds (eugenol, menthol, thymol, carvacrol, eucalyptol, and terpinene-4-ol) on S. mutans, which is considered to be the most cariogenic of oral streptococci, and the researchers limited to defining the susceptibility of the microorganism and effects on biofilm formation. Only in a few studies, the effects of essential oils on the virulence factors of oral pathogens, in particular glycosyl transferase, are represented. Clinical trials of essential oils, their components and combinations confirm the therapeutic potential of these agents in vivo, but raise the question of their effectiveness, taking into account the short-term action, which does not exceed the potency of chlorhexidine. Essential oils of cloves, mint, thyme, eucalyptus, tea tree and their components should be used for treating caries and periodontitis. They are also promising when used as agents of the oral care products, preservatives of the dental medicinal forms, and as remedies for halitosis. With a rational prescription, essential oils can be useful in improving the quality of dental treatment and preventive procedures.
PECULIARITIES OF HUMAN PROSTATE VENOUS BLOOD FLOW
Authors: Ustenko R.L.
Published: July 2020

This article reviews scientific sources on the venous bed of the human prostate. In general, venous blood outflow from the prostate gland is provided by the prostate venous plexus. This plexus anastomoses with the deep dorsal vein of the penis, posterior scrotal veins, as well as with the hemorrhoidal and urinary bladder plexuses and with the Santorini’s venous plexus (collects blood from the prostate gland, the bottom of the bladder and seminal vesicles and enters the internal iliac vein). It is the Santorini’s venous plexus, which is often associated with massive blood loss during the surgical operations on the prostate. Since the structure of the venous intraorgan bloodstream in the prostate mainly corresponds to that for the arteries, three groups of veins are respectively distinguished. These are the intergland veins, which run to the venous plexus of the prostate capsule, the veins entering the venous plexus of the submucosal base of the urethra and, finally, the veins of the venous plexus, lying next to the ejaculatory duct. Blood flows from the parenchyma of the gland into the prostatic venous plexus through intraorgan veins, which has a complex structure and surrounds the prostate from almost all the sides. Some authors consider the periprostatic venous plexus to be a part of a single urogenital plexus. In the structure of the genitourinary venous plexus, numerous adduction and abduction pathways take place that deliver blood from the external and internal genital organs, the bladder, the distal parts of the ureters and partially from the walls of the rectum and pelvic bones. Analysis of the literature has shown that there are omissions in the study of the structure of the venous channel of the human prostate gland. They are the lack of data on the links of the circulatory microvasculature and the features of its spatial organization; the connection of the venous bed with the secretion and secretion processes; systematized data on anastomoses and their exact localization.
ON IMPROVING TREATMENT OF SUPRACONDYLAR AND CONDYLAR HUMERAL FRACTURES IN CHILDREN
Authors: Hudiev V. M.
Published: July 2020

The article presents the analyses of the treatment outcomes of 155 children with supracondylar (45 cases, 29%) and condylar (110 cases, 71%) humeral fractures. The age of patients ranged from 1 to 15 years; boys 107 (69%) got traumas twice as much as girls 48 (31%); the traumas of left upper extremities were more commonly registered and made up 100 cases (64,5%). All patients were examined clinically and radiologically. Domestic injuries resulted in supracondylar and condylar femoral fractures were the most commonly registered in 8-10 year old children. Most patients (63.2%) demonstrated good treatment outcomes, 42 (27.1%) patients demonstrated satisfactory outcomes, and in 15 cases (9.7%) the outcomes were unsatisfactory. Analysis of the treatment outcomes showed that stable fixation ensured good functional results and did not cause secondary joint deformation. Long-term results were studied in 136 operated patients, 94 cases (60.6 ± 3.92%) were defined as excellent, 31 cases (20.0 ± 3.21%) were found as satisfactory, 11 (7.1 ± 2, 06%) cases were unsatisfactory due to the damage to the growth zone. Following the conservative treatment of 19 patients, the articulation in the joint was restored in 7.1%; in 4 (2.6 ± 1.27%) patients the results were defined as good, in 11 (7.1 ± 2.06%) as satisfactory, and in 4 (2.6 ± 2.7%) as unsatisfactory. The decreased oedema and muscle retraction during the development of secondary displacement of fragments, closed one-step reposition and osteosynthesis with Kirchner needles was performed in 2.6% of patients. Thus, the proposed working scheme for the treatment of supracondylar and condylar femoral fractures enables to determine differentiated treatment tactics in the children depending on their age and the type of the fracture. Stable fixation ensures achieving of good functional treatment outcomes and prevents the development of the secondary joint deformation.
DIAGNOSTIC DIFFICULTIES IN MOTOR DISORDERS
Authors: Tarianyk K.A.
Published: July 2020

The article is devoted to the diagnosis of motor disorders in extrapyramidal pathology, namely, the course of multisystem atrophy, which is a steadily progressing neurodegenerative disease, accompanied by damage to the pyramidal system, cerebellum and autonomic nervous system and is associated with degeneration of nerve cells in certain parts of the brain. Emphasis is placed on the diagnosis of conditions in the clinical picture of which tremor dominates, which occurs as a result of damage to the structures of the nervous system related to the regulation of muscle tone and unreasonable control of movements (cerebellum, basal ganglia). Tremor is hyperkinesis, which is manifested by involuntary oscillatory rhythmic movements of a part (limbs, head) or the whole body as a result of a constant repetition of muscle contraction and relaxation. Making diagnosis of the diseases underlying this condition is often a challenging task that requires a proper diagnostic approach. There has been presented clinical and paraclinical methods for the diagnosis of trembling hyperkinesis, described advantages of electromyography (tremorography, ultrasonography) in the diagnosis of extrapyramidal diseases. The article includes a case report of a patient with hyperkinetic syndromes at multisystem atrophy, who was examined and treated at the Centre for Patients with Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases at the Department of Nervous Diseases with Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Ukrainian Medical Dental Academy, Neurological Department of the Poltava Regional Clinical Hospital, details the stages in making final diagnosis. The article sums up on the efficiency of neurophysiological methods in early diagnosis and in disease progression.
EFFECT OF HORMONAL REGULATION ON VAGINAL COLONIZATION RESISTANCE IN BACTERIAL DYSBIOSIS
Authors: Hruzevskyi O.A.
Published: July 2020

The vaginal microbiota and the vaginal colonization resistance are considerably driven by hormonal changes; therefore, the relevance of investigating hormonal regulation indices in female individuals in health (normocenosis) and with dysbiosis of varying degrees is of undoubted clinical significance. The purpose of the study is to determine the effect of hormonal regulation on the microbiota and vaginal colonization resistance in bacterial dysbiosis. 298 women were selected for the study; they were divided into the groups according to the opportunistic microflora index (OMI): OMI in the women with normocenosis was below -3 lg GE/sample (n = 53), OMI in the women with І-st degree dysbiosis ranged from -3 to -1 lg GE/sample (n = 128) and with ІІ-d degree dysbiosis exceeded -1 lg GE/sample (n = 117). The molecular genetic tests of epithelium scrapings from the posterolateral vaginal wall were performed by polymerase chain reaction (“DNA technology”, RF). Lactobacilli, facultative and obligate anaerobes, myco- and urepalasmas, and yeast-like fungi were quantified. By applying the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay there was determined the content of hormones in the blood serum: luteotropic, follicle-stimulating, prolactin, cortisol, progesterone (PG), estradiol (E2), testosterone (TS). The relationship of microbial biocenosis with the studied parameters was studied using the regression analysis (Statistica 10, StatSoft, Inc., USA). The hormonal indices in normocenosis had no relationship with the number of microorganisms, excluding the level of TS, which demonstrated negative correlation with CPMI. With the progression of dysbiosis, the E2 and PG content in the blood decreased and showed a reverse correlation with the growth of pathogenic microbiota, which reflected the insufficiency of hormonal mechanisms to maintain a constant normocenosis. Hyperprolactinemia and hypertestosteronemia were also found to have pathogenic values, which directly correlated with the growth of pathogenic microbiota. The decrease in blood cortisol level with II degree dysbiosis was associated with anaerobic growth of Atopobium vaginalis. The hormonal disorders correlated with a decrease in colonization resistance factors in the vaginal secretion, lysozyme and IL10, while increase in the pathogenic factor with the content of TGF-1β. Conclusions. The obtained results on the effects of hormonal regulation system on the microbial biocenosis indicators and local colonial resistance reflected the development of hormonal insufficiency with the progression of vaginal dysbiosis.