Importance of Strategic Environmental Assessment (Sea) Process and Environmental Health Impact Assessment (Ehia) Process Towards Sustainable Climate Change And Control
Authors: Iyer Vijayan Gurumurthy 
Published: February 2024

The resource conservation and recovery (RCR) method has been devised prior to environmental health impact assessment (EHIA) process for certain projects such as nuclear power plants (Vijayan Gurumurthy Iyer, 2004) . Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) process can be broadly defined as a study of the impacts of a proposed project, plan, project, policy or legislative action on the environment and sustainability. Vijayan Gurumurthy Iyer (2022) mentioned that the root cause problem solution for ozone layer depletion potential (OLP) impact, global warming potential (GWP) impact and green house synergic (augmentative) gas (GHG) emission impact in context to industrial, source specific and generic plants that are measured, monitored and mitigated by international environmental impact assessment process (Figure-3) for the sustainable environmental climate change and control. In this research, SEA process has been aimed in order to incorporate environmental and sustainability factors in to project planning and decision making process such as project formulation and appraisal of Indo-Matsushita midget electrode (battery carbon rod) plant in 1979 at Tada, and proposed Nawada Nuclear power plants industrial, source specific and generic plants processing that should have included policies, programs, plans and legislative actions. Sustainable development is a kind of development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability and efficacy of future generations to meet their own needs. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process can be defined as the systematic study and check of the potential impacts (effects) of proposed projects, plans, programs, policies or legislative actions relative to the physical-chemical, petrol-chemical, biological, cultural, and socioeconomic components of the total environment. The primary purpose of the EIA process is to encourage the consideration of the environment in organizational project planning and decision making process and to arrive at actions that are environmentally compatible. Organization process and product planning should include the integrated consideration of technical or engineering, economic, environmental, safety, and health, social and sustainability factors to achieve business excellence. Prior to the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) process in 1970 in the USA, technical and economic factors dominance the World’s projects. The objective of the study is to conceptualize SEA process for the climate change and pollution control. The design of the study is cross sectional. Environmental Health Impact Assessment (EHIA) process has been conducted for nuclear power plant to consider the environmental health quality, safety and health impacts to mitigate psychological health effects on workers and nearby residents. Social Impact Assessment (SIA) process can be defined as the systematic identification and evaluation of the potential social impacts (effects) of proposed projects, plans, programs, or legislative actions such that social consideration is encouraged in process and to arrive at actions that are socially compatible with reference to a proposed nuclear power project at Rajouli, Nawada District, Magadh District . Nawada is in southern Bihar and is well known for its natural beauty. Water fall and forest ecosystem makes Nawada is a sustainable town in Southern Bihar. SEA process concerns to environment and sustainability effects in process and arrive at proposed projects, plans, programs, and legislative actions that are compatible with respect to environment and sustainability issues. International EIA process required multi-disciplinary approach that has been conducted very early stage of Japanese Matsushita carbon rod project in 1982 at Tada, Sullurpeta District for strategic environmental assessment. The paper highlights SEA process conducted for certain projects that based on operation and process approach and associated studies for sustainable development. Product environmental life cycle analysis (LCA) has been conducted for identifying and measuring the impact of petrochemical and corroded engineering structural products on the environment and sustain efficacy by means of mass and energy balance methods in M/S Madras Fertilizers Limited, Manali, Chennai, India. LCA considers the activities related to raw materials, transformation, ancillary materials, equipment, method, market, man power, production, use, disposal and ancillary equipment.As far as petrochemical safety is concerned personal protective equipment and materials (PPEMs) that include garments, clothing, gloves, safety shoes, hard hats, safety glasses, shields, respirators, full aprons, safety belts, and other safety items which have to be used by an individual. Such equipment is important for personal protection and for safety. It is the manager’s and supervisor’s responsibility to ensure that they are used. The enactment of worker’s compensation law and occupational disease law shall increase materially the cost of insurance to industry. The increased cost and the certainty with which it is applied will put a premium on accident-prevention work. This cost can be materially reduced by the installation of safety devices. Industrial research experience has shown that approximately 80% of all the accidents are preventable. EIA and EHIA processes have been conducted for a nuclear power plant to consider the safety and health impacts to mitigate psychological health loading on workers and nearby residents. SEA system is a potentially useful element of good environmental management and sustainable development; however, as currently practiced in industries, it is far from perfection as per the climate sensitivity factor. Emphasis should be given in industries on maintaining economic viability of the operation, while in turn taking care to preserve the ecological and social sustainability of the country. International EIA process required multi-disciplinary approach that has been conducted very early stage of Indo-Matsushita Midget electrode project 1982 at Tada for technical, economic, ecological and social sustainability.