bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxidative behaviour, aggregation and structural properties of silver carp myofibrillar proteins with different molecular states subjected to freeze–thaw process
Authors: Yan Sunjie , Du Zhiyin , Feng Ruonan , Li Jun , Yu Dawei , Xia Wenshui , Xu Yanshun
Published: November 2023

Silver carp myofibrillar proteins (MP) with different moleculars states were constructed by the addition of NaCl and fracture degree of muscle fibres. Results showed that salt‐dissolved MP (P+) under unfrozen and oxidised state showed higher oxidation degree with higher carbonyl (3.42 nmol mg−1) and dityrosine contents (25.98 a.u.) (P < 0.05) compared with saltless‐polymeric MP (P) and salt‐induced swelling MP (F+) due to addition of salt and broken muscle fibres. After oxidative and freeze–thaw process, P+ group also exhibited more cross‐linking as evidenced by turbidity (0.73), solubility (64.96%) and SDS‐PAGE, but unordered aggregates in P group increased probably due to severe frozen denaturation. Moreover, F+ group of salt‐induced swelling MP from intact muscle fibres suffered less structural damages with higher fluorescence intensity (668.41 a.u.) and higher α‐helix contents (15.56%). Overall, Fish‐ Hua of salt‐dissolved MP had a higher oxidation level and NaCl contributed to improve freeze–thaw stability of MP during freeze–thaw process.
Authenticity and atypicality in leadership: Can an atypical leader afford to be authentic?
Authors: Ayaz Ozlem , Ozbilgin Mustafa F. , Samdanis Marios , Torunoğlu Tinay Dilek
Published: November 2023

Leaders from typically privileged backgrounds, such as White, male, elite‐educated and upper‐class individuals, often find it easier to craft an authentic identity in professional settings than their atypical counterparts. These atypical leaders, which include women, LGBT+, ethnic minorities or those from less affluent socio‐economic backgrounds, can indeed construct an authentic workplace identity. However, this often demands significant emotional investment and the navigation of challenges, such as reconciling conflicting identities, especially in institutions tailored predominantly for the typical leaders. While authenticity and diversity are highly desired qualities in leadership, we argue that authenticity remains a privilege primarily enjoyed by leaders from typical backgrounds. By drawing on Hochschild's notion of emotional labour and Castoriadis's concepts of autonomy and heteronomy, we shed light on the dynamic interplay between authenticity and atypicality. Further, we present a conceptual framework that outlines how atypical leaders can manifest authenticity in their roles, and the ensuing implications for driving organisational change rooted in diversity.
Effect of a Novel sputtering process on the chemical and biological properties of silver‐gold alloys
Authors: Hatch Keeley Kathryn Anne , Burrell Robert Edward , Ward Colleen Nancy
Published: November 2023

Silver‐gold nanocrystalline films were sputtered on HDPE substrates by a physical vapour deposition process using alloys with a nominal composition of 65% silver/35% gold or 35% silver/65% gold by weight, with comparison to a 100% silver target. Novel process conditions were introduced to include both water and oxygen as reactive gases. X‐ray diffraction and chemical digests were used to assess the structure and chemical composition of the films. Log reductions and corrected zone of inhibition tests were used to measure the biological properties. Despite a range of physical and chemical properties, biological tests showed that the bactericidal properties of all silver‐gold films were comparable with silver‐only films in the short term and 65% silver films made with Novel sputtering conditions had comparable bacteriostatic abilities to silver‐only over a 7‐day period. The benefit of including gold may be seen in future studies of anti‐inflammatory activity.
Maggot debridement therapy stimulates wound healing by altering macrophage activation
Authors: Sun Xin‐Juan , Chen Jin‐An , Li Gai , Wang Lei , Wang Tian‐Yuan , Wang Ai‐Ping
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of maggot debridement therapy (MDT) on macrophages during the healing process of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). The activation phenotype of macrophages during wound healing following MDT was evaluated using double staining immunohistochemistry (IHC). In addition, markers associated with macrophage activation were discovered using immunoblotting and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). During the process of diabetic wound healing following MDT, the presence and over‐expression of M2 macrophages were observed, while the under‐expression of M1 macrophages was noted. In addition, the activation markers of macrophages exhibited a correlation with the indicated Th1/Th2 cytokines. MDT interventions have the potential to modulate macrophage activity, thereby aiding in the healing of diabetic foot wounds.
A histochemical study of aldehyde fuchsin staining
Authors: SUMNER BARBARA E. H.
Published: November 2023

SYNOPSIS

Histochemical methods were used to determine the basis of aldehyde fuchsin staining in the following tissue constituents: the preoptic and neurohypophysial neurosecretory material of the Bullhead (Cottus gobio) and the pancreatic zymogen granules, gastric‐chief‐cell granules, Paneth‐cell granules, elastic tissue, and acidic mucins of intestinal goblet cells in the mouse.

Following oxidation, the staining of neurosecretory material, pancreatic, gastric, and Paneth granules, and elastic tissue is probably due to ionic links with the acidic products of cystine oxidation.

Staining occurred without oxidation in pancreatic, gastric, and Paneth‐cell granules and elastin; this reaction is probably non‐ionic, but the chemical groups responsible are still undetermined.

Acidic mucins probably stain by ionic linkage to sulphate groups. This confirms previous results.

The aldehydes which are artificially produced in the Feulgen and ninhydrin‐Schiff techniques are stained with aldehyde fuchsin but only weakly.
The cell wall structure of coconut fibre
Authors: JARMAN C. G. , LAWS VALERIE
Published: November 2023

SYNOPSIS

The structure of the cell wall of coconut fibre cells has been investigated by replica and sectioning techniques. The results of this investigation are outlined.
The demonstration of latent particulate aminopeptidase activity
Authors: MCCABE MARY , CHAYEN J.
Published: November 2023

SYNOPSIS

The histochemical demonstration of aminopeptidase activity has been studied in unfixed frozen sections; it has been shown that Fast Blue B permits less diffusion than do two other coupling agents. With this tetrazonium salt the enzyme has been localized predominantly in discrete particles in the liver, intestine, and kidney of the rat. Evidence is offered indicating that these particles may be true cellular organelles, the properties of which may be akin to those of the lysosomes.
Some applications of equidensitometry in interference microscopy
Authors: COSSLETT ANNA
Published: November 2023

SYNOPSIS

Equidensitometry is the two‐dimensional densitometry of photographic images. Lines of equal density outlining the contours of the image can be produced by a variety of methods. In this paper the method based on the Lau‐Sabattier effect has been used for investigating two‐beam interference fringes.
The dry mass of living cell inclusions obtained by interference microscopy, and the value of comparative measurements
Authors: ROSS K. F. A.
Published: November 2023

SYNOPSIS

The dry mass of living cell inclusions can be calculated from the concentration of their solids (derived from measurement of their refractive indices), and from their volumes (derived from measurements of their dimensions). The accuracy and advantages of this approach in comparing one type of cell material with another are discussed; some general conclusions about the measurement of cellular constituents with interference microscopy are presented.
Snake‐directed Behavior by Snake Naive and Experienced California Ground Squirrels in a Simulated Burrow
Authors: Coss Richard G. , Owings Donald H.
Published: November 2023

Snake naive and experienced California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi) were video taped while interacting with either a gopher snake or rattlesnake in a simulated burrow dimly illuminated with red light. Using nonvisually guided behavior, naive and experienced squirrels reacted to snakes in qualitatively similar ways, and behaved more defensively toward snakes than toward a control stimulus (white rat). The squirrels alternately interacted with the snake and attempted to escape from the burrow, which had a sealed entrance. Interaction with the snake included cautious approach in elongate postures, prolonged investigation of adjacent alleys before entering them, kicking sand at the snake, frequent tooth chattering, occasional calling, and building burrow plugs out of sand. These they packed by butting with their heads. When permitted to escape from the burrow, they turned just outside the entrance to tail flag, kick sand, scent mark, and finally plug the burrow. Since visual cues were not available, olfactory and auditory stimuli from the snake appeared to mediate snake‐directed behavior in the burrow.
A user experience evaluation of a mobile application for disseminating site‐specific impact‐based flood warnings: The A4alerts app
Authors: Meléndez‐Landaverde Erika R. , Sempere‐Torres Daniel
Published: November 2023

People‐centred early warning systems must ensure that their warnings are timely, actionable and get to the largest number of exposed individuals in the shortest time possible. Due to the increased access to high‐bandwidth communication, mobile applications have become a valuable complement to traditional sources of emergency information. However, there is limited research on how useful end‐users perceive these apps and their functionalities in the context of flood emergencies. This research presents the first online user experience evaluation of the A4alerts, a crisis app developed to disseminate the flood warnings triggered by the operational impact‐based early warning system in Catalonia, Spain. Following an interactive experiment using the A4alerts app to access emergency information within real‐based flood scenarios, participants were prompted to measure their experience using statements linked to criteria on usefulness, functional appropriateness, and adoption. The evaluation results suggest that sampled participants considered the A4alerts a useful communication tool to support end‐users and their emergency actions. In particular, the local impact‐based flood warnings, regional official warnings and self‐protection action checklist were ranked as the most useful functionalities implemented within the app. These findings justify future iterations of the A4alerts for supporting the rapid dissemination of emergency information and helping communities reduce the impacts of flood events.
The perceived value of a geriatrics‐surgery co‐management program: Perspectives from three surgical specialties
Authors: Gupta Sonia , Walke Lisa , Simone Mark , Michener Alyson , Nembhard Ingrid
Published: November 2023

Background

Geriatrics‐surgery co‐management (GSCM) programs have improved patient outcomes, but little is known about how they change care and whether their value varies by surgical specialty. We aimed to assess GSCM's effects as perceived by Orthopedic Trauma, Trauma, and Neurosurgery clinicians.

Methods

We conducted a mixed‐methods study utilizing electronic survey and virtual interviews at Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, an academic trauma center, in Philadelphia, PA. Participants included physicians, advanced practice providers, nurses, social workers, and case managers in the aforementioned specialties. Key measures were perspectives on value of GSCM, its facilitators, specialty most appropriate to manage specified medical issues, and factors affecting use.

Results

Of 71 eligible clinicians, 45 (63%) completed the survey and 12 (21%) of 56 purposefully sampled for specialty‐role diversity were interviewed. Clinicians across specialties valued GSCM highly and similarly for impact on personal management of older adults (grand mean [standard error, SE] = 4.33 [0.24] out of 5; p = 0.80 for specialty means comparisons), patient care (mean [SE] = 4.47 [0.21]; p = 0.27), patient outcomes (mean [SE] = 4.26 [0.22]; p = 0.51), and specialty overall (mean [SE] = 4.55 [0.23]; p = 0.25) but less so for knowledge growth (mean [SE] = 3.47 [0.29]; p = 0.11). Interviewees across specialties reported that value derived from improved understanding of patient history, management of complex medical conditions, goals of care support, communication with families, and patient discharge facilitation. Interviewees also agreed on program facilitators: aligned stakeholders, shared data‐driven goals, champion/administrative support, continuity and availability of geriatricians, and thorough communication. Specialties differed on three issues: (1) who should manage some medical concerns; (2) whether GSCM makes their job easier (significantly easier for Orthopedic Trauma: mean [SE] = 4.75 [0.29] vs. Trauma: mean [SE] = 4.01 [0.19]; p = 0.05); and (3) whether GSCM increases coordination difficulty (more for Neurosurgery: mean [SE] = 2.18 [0.0.58] vs. Orthopedic Trauma: mean [SE] = 0.51 [0.42]; p = 0.03 and Trauma: mean [SE] = 0.89 [0.28]; p = 0.07). Orthopedic Trauma had the most positive impression of GSCM overall.

Conclusions

Clinicians across diverse surgical specialties valued GSCM. Hospitals considering implementation or expansion of GSCM should attend to identified facilitators and may need to tailor to specialty.
Association between sarcopenia and risk of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events‐UK Biobank database
Authors: Jauffret Charlotte , Périchon Renaud , Lamer Antoine , Cortet Bernard , Chazard Emmanuel , Paccou Julien
Published: November 2023

Background

Few studies on the risk of incident major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) in sarcopenia have been reported. The objective was to assess the association between presarcopenia and sarcopenia and a higher risk of MACCEs.

Methods

This study on the UK Biobank prospective cohort, used data collected between 2006 and 2021. Community‐dwelling Caucasian participants aged 37 to 73 years were included if values for Handgrip Strength (HGS) and Skeletal Muscle Index (SMI) were available and if no history of MACCEs was reported. Exposure was assessed using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2) criteria. Muscle strength was measured using HGS, and muscle mass using the SMI. Presarcopenia was defined through the two definitions available in the literature, as low HGS with normal SMI and as normal HGS with low SMI, whereas sarcopenia was defined as low HGS with low SMI. The main outcome was to determine whether presarcopenia and/or sarcopenia were predictors of MACCEs (composite events).

Results

A total of 406,411 included participants (women: 55.7%) were included. At baseline, there were 18,257 (4.7%) presarcopenics—subgroup n°1 (low HGS only), 7940 (2.1%) presarcopenics—subgroup n°2 (low SMI only), and 1124 (0.3%) sarcopenics. Over a median follow‐up of 12.1 years (IQR: [11.4; 12.8]), 28,300 participants (7.0%) were diagnosed with at least one event. Compared to NonSarc, presarcopenic (subgroups n°1 and n°2) and sarcopenic status were significantly associated with a higher risk of MACCEs (respectively fully adjusted HRs: HR = 1.25 [95% CI: 1.19; 1.31], HR = 1.33 [95% CI: 1.23; 1.45] and HR = 1.62 [95% CI: 1.34; 1.95]).

Conclusions

In a community‐dwelling population, the risk of MACCEs was higher in both presarcopenic and sarcopenic participants.
Cross‐cultural perspectives on patient expectations in cosmetic dermatology: A comparative analysis across countries and ethnicities
Authors: Haykal Diala , Treacy Patrick , Lim Tingsong , Clatici Victor Gabriel , Fakih‐Gomez Nabil , Leal‐Silva Hector , du Crest Dominique , Cartier Hugues
Published: November 2023

Patient expectations in cosmetic dermatology exhibit significant variations across countries, cultures, and ethnicities, thereby reflecting individual desires, concerns, and goals. While some individuals seek aesthetic enhancements, others prioritize addressing specific skin conditions within the context of beauty norms in their respective countries. The provision of personalized and culturally sensitive care plays a crucial role in meeting these diverse expectations. Skin characteristics and concerns differ among ethnicities, influencing treatment preferences. For instance, individuals with darker skin tones may prioritize the treatment of pigmentation disorders, whereas those with lighter skin tones may focus on achieving a fair complexion. Furthermore, differences in facial anatomy among various ethnicities necessitate tailored treatment approaches. This commentary aims to contribute to the effective understanding and management of patient expectations, ultimately leading to satisfactory outcomes. Additional research and regional studies are required to further deepen our understanding of patient expectations in cosmetic dermatology and enable the delivery of improved and culturally appropriate care on a global scale.
Win/Loss Data and Consumer Switching Costs: Measuring Diversion Ratios and the Impact of Mergers*
Authors: Qiu Y. Jeff , Sawada Masayuki , Sheu Gloria
Published: November 2023

We propose an identification strategy for diversion based on win/loss data. First, we show that win/loss data from the merging firms and market shares in two periods for all firms are sufficient to identify the diversion ratios between the merging partners. Second, we show that win/loss data from the merging firms alone are sufficient for partial identification, and we construct a lower bound that provides a good approximation to the diversion ratio when switching costs are high. We demonstrate the performance of our method with numerical simulations and with an application to the Anthem/Cigna merger.
The “Bury your Gays” trope in contemporary television: Generational shifts in production responses to audience dissent
Authors: Cover Rob , Milne Cassandra
Published: November 2023

“Bury Your Gays” is the popular name used to describe the common television trope in which characters who are ostensibly gender‐ or sexually‐diverse are denied happy endings or “killed off”. Widespread online commentary among audiences reacting to incidents of “Bury Your Gays” are indicative of a public concern over the repetitiveness of this trope in contemporary popular culture. This paper investigates the cultural frameworks through which television producers respond to audience anger at “Bury Your Gays” incidents in order to provide a production perspective to scholarship on the topic. We compare two cases separated by a generation: the 2002 case of Buffy the Vampire Slayer and the 2016 case of The 100. We argue that the difference in responses is indicative of (i) a solidification of the producer‐audience relationship since the advent of social media; (ii) the further embedding of a transactional approach to viewership in which “queerbaiting” is considered “false advertising” and (iii) the growth of cancel culture which fosters expectations that television representation will align with positive depictions and socially‐progressive cultural values. The paper argues that these cultural shifts underscore the way in which producers respond, no longer justifying the death of a queer character based on narrative need, but now balanced with attention to audience identity and social demand.
Interleukin‐37 ameliorates periodontitis development by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and modulating M1/M2 macrophage polarization
Authors: Yang Liyan , Tao Wei , Xie Chen , Chen Qiuye , Zhao Yunshan , Zhang Li , Xiao Xu , Wang Shilu , Zheng Xu
Published: November 2023

Objective

Our study was designed to explore the role of IL‐37 in M1/M2 macrophage polarization imbalance in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.

Background

Periodontitis is a chronic progressive inflammatory disease featured by gingival inflammation and alveolar bone resorption. Recent research has revealed that regulating macrophage polarization is a viable method to ameliorate periodontal inflammation. IL‐37 is an anti‐inflammatory cytokine, which has been reported to inhibit innate and adaptive immunity.

Methods

For in vitro experiment, mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with 0.1 ng/mL recombinant human IL‐37. M1 and M2 polarizations of RAW264.7 cells were induced by 100 ng/mL LPS and 20 ng/mL IL‐4, respectively. The expression of M1 (iNOS, TNF‐α, and IL‐6) and M2 (CD206, Arg1, and IL‐10) phenotype markers in RAW264.7 cells was detected by RT‐qPCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. For in vivo experiment, experimental periodontitis mouse models were established by sterile silk ligation (5–0) around the bilateral maxillary second molar of mice for 1 week. H&E staining of the maxillary alveolar bone was used to show the resorption of root cementum and dentin. Alveolar bone loss in mouse models was evaluated through micro‐CT analysis. The expression of iNOS and CD206 in gingival tissues was assessed by immunohistochemistry staining. NLRP3 inflammasome activation was confirmed by western blotting.

Results

IL‐37 pretreatment reduced iNOS, TNF‐α, and IL‐6 expression in LPS‐treated RAW264.7 cells but increased CD206, Arg1, and IL‐10 in IL‐4‐treated RAW264.7 cells. LPS‐induced upregulation in NLRP3, GSDMD, cleaved‐IL‐1β, and cleaved‐caspase‐1 expression was antagonized by IL‐37 treatment. In addition, IL‐37 administration ameliorated the resorption of root cementum and dentin in periodontitis mouse models. IL‐37 prominently decreased iNOS+ cell population but increased CD206+ cell population in gingival tissues of periodontitis mice. The enhancement in NLRP3, GSDMD, cleaved‐IL‐1β, and cleaved‐caspase‐1 expression in the gingival tissues of periodontitis mice was offset by IL‐37 administration.

Conclusion

IL‐37 prevents the progression of periodontitis by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation and mediating M1/M2 macrophage polarization.
Condition‐dependent maternal sex allocation in horses can be demonstrated using a biologically relevant, multivariable condition measurement
Authors: Chin Y. Y. , Rogers C. W. , Gee E. K. , Stafford K. J. , Cameron E. Z.
Published: November 2023

Maternal condition is influenced by multiple variables that individuals experience at seasonal and local levels, and thus condition‐dependent sex allocation is likely also multifactorial. Here, we test the Trivers‐Willard Hypothesis (TWH) using a multivariable approach on a dataset of thoroughbred mare breeding records. There is no sex ratio variation when examined at univariable level, mirroring the usual approach to test condition‐dependent sex allocation. Conversely, the multivariate model shows multiple variables interact to influence the likelihood of producing a male. Mare and management variables that represent better body condition is associated with an increase in likelihood of a male offspring. The magnitude and direction of sex ratio skew correspond closely with predicted mare energy balance, consistent with TWH predictions. Our findings therefore support the TWH and show that, while sex allocation is multifactorial, maternal energy status emerges as the dominant driver. The additive and agonistic interactions of different variables demonstrate that a multifactorial approach should be a key consideration in sex allocation studies.
A new method to measure aquaporin‐facilitated membrane diffusion of hydrogen peroxide and cations in plant suspension cells
Authors: Ahmed Jahed , Ismail Ahmed , Ding Lei , Yool Andrea J. , Chaumont François
Published: November 2023

Plant aquaporins (AQPs) facilitate the membrane diffusion of water and small solutes, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and, possibly, cations, essential signalling molecules in many physiological processes. While the determination of the channel activity generally depends on heterologous expression of AQPs in Xenopus oocytes or yeast cells, we established a genetic tool to determine whether they facilitate the diffusion of H2O2 through the plasma membrane in living plant cells. We designed genetic constructs to co‐express the fluorescent H2O2 sensor HyPer and AQPs, with expression controlled by a heat shock‐inducible promoter in Nicotiana tabacum BY‐2 suspension cells. After induction of ZmPIP2;5 AQP expression, a HyPer signal was recorded when the cells were incubated with H2O2, suggesting that ZmPIP2;5 facilitates H2O2 transmembrane diffusion; in contrast, the ZmPIP2;5W85A mutated protein was inactive as a water or H2O2 channel. ZmPIP2;1, ZmPIP2;4 and AtPIP2;1 also facilitated H2O2 diffusion. Incubation with abscisic acid and the elicitor flg22 peptide induced the intracellular H2O2 accumulation in BY‐2 cells expressing ZmPIP2;5. We also monitored cation channel activity of ZmPIP2;5 using a novel fluorescent photo‐switchable Li+ sensor in BY‐2 cells. BY‐2 suspension cells engineered for inducible expression of AQPs as well as HyPer expression and the use of Li+ sensors constitute a powerful toolkit for evaluating the transport activity and the molecular determinants of PIPs in living plant cells.
Trajectories of fathers' childcare involvement and child behavioral outcomes
Authors: Dhungel Bibha , Kato Tsuguhiko , Gilmour Stuart , Kachi Yuko , Ochi Manami , Nagayoshi Mako , Takehara Kenji
Published: November 2023

Background

Father's closeness and playful behavior influence a child's emotional and cognitive development. In this study, we aimed to assess the long‐term association of paternal involvement in childcare at 1–3 years of life on subsequent behavioral outcomes at 8 years of age.

Methods

Data were obtained from the 2010 cohort of the Longitudinal Survey of Newborns in the 21st century in Japan. We used group‐based trajectory modeling to predict the trajectory of total childcare scores in surveys 1, 2 and 3 to determine the overall involvement of fathers in childcare during early childhood. The level of fathers' involvement in childcare was categorized as “low”, “medium” and “high”. Responses from the eighth survey were used to assess child behavioral outcomes using five indicators when the child was 8 years old. Crude and adjusted logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimate the odds ratio (OR) separately for each of the behavioral outcomes of the child.

Results

Among the 17,027 father‐child dyads included in this study, two‐thirds of the fathers were of the age group 30–39 years. Compared to low involvement, children of fathers with high involvement in childcare during the early childhood years were less likely to not want to go to school even after adjusting for covariates (adjusted OR, 0.46; 95% CI: 0.32–0.66).

Conclusions

Children benefit from their fathers' involvement in early childcare activities. To improve a child's well‐being, fathers should be encouraged by providing them with a suitable working environment with flexible arrangements and the opportunity to involve in childcare.
The effect of donor graft type on survival after liver transplantation for hepatoblastoma in children
Authors: Ziogas Ioannis A. , Schmoke Nicholas , Yoeli Dor , Cullen J. Michael , Boster Julia M. , Wachs Michael E. , Adams Megan A.
Published: November 2023

Background

Liver transplantation (LT) is the only potentially curative option for children with unresectable hepatoblastoma (HBL). Although post‐transplant outcomes have improved in the contemporary era, the impact of donor graft type on survival remains unclear.

Methods

Using the United Network for Organ Sharing database (02/2002–06/2021), demographics, clinical characteristics, and patient and graft survival were analyzed in children (<18 years) who underwent LT for HBL according to donor graft type. The Kaplan–Meier method, log‐rank tests, and Cox regression modeling were used to evaluate the effect of whole, partial, and split deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) and living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) on patient and graft survival.

Results

A total of 590 pediatric HBL LT recipients (344 whole graft DDLT; 62 partial graft DDLT; 139 split graft DDLT; 45 LDLT) were included. During 2012–2021 the proportion of LDLTs for HBL decreased to about 5% compared with about 11% during 2002–2011. No significant differences were identified by donor graft type in either patient survival (log‐rank test, p = .45) or graft survival (log‐rank test, p = .69). The results remained similar during the 2002–2011 era, while during the 2012–2021 era, split graft DDLT was associated with decreased graft loss risk versus whole graft DDLT (hazard ratio: 0.48, 95% confidence interval: 0.23–0.99, p = .046) without any other significant between‐group differences.

Conclusions

Utilizing non‐whole liver grafts can increase access to LT in children with unresectable HBL while ensuring favorable outcomes. LDLT is underutilized in children with HBL in the United States, and efforts to explore LDLT options should be undertaken.
The Transformative Power of Social Movements
Authors: Heydari Fard Sahar
Published: November 2023

Social movements possess transformative and progressive power. In this paper, I argue that how this is so, or even if this is so, depends on one's explanatory framework. I consider three such explanatory frameworks for social movements: methodological individualism, collectivism, and complexity theory. In evaluating the various appeals and weaknesses of these frameworks, I show that complexity theory is uniquely poised to capture the complex and dynamic reality of the social world.
Genome‐wide transcriptional responses to water deficit during seed development in Pisum sativum, focusing on sugar transport and metabolism
Authors: Morin Amélie , Porcheron Benoit , Kodjovi Gatepe Cedoine , Moumen Bouziane , Vriet Cécile , Maurousset Laurence , Lemoine Rémi , Pourtau Nathalie , Doidy Joan
Published: November 2023

Agriculture is particularly impacted by global changes, drought being a main limiting factor of crop production. Here, we focus on pea (Pisum sativum), a model legume cultivated for its seed nutritional value. A water deficit (WD) was applied during its early reproductive phase, harvesting plant organs at two key developmental stages, either at the embryonic or the seed‐filling stages. We combined phenotypic, physiological and transcriptome analyses to better understand the adaptive response to drought. First, we showed that apical growth arrest is a major phenotypic indicator of water stress. Sugar content was also greatly impacted, especially leaf fructose and starch contents. Our RNA‐seq analysis identified 2001 genes regulated by WD in leaf, 3684 genes in root and 2273 genes in embryonic seed, while only 80 genes were regulated during seed‐filling. Hence, a large transcriptional reprogramming occurred in response to WD in seeds during early embryonic stage, but no longer during the later stage of nutritional filling. Biological processes involved in transcriptional regulation, carbon transport and metabolism were greatly regulated by WD in both source and sink organs, as illustrated by the expression of genes encoding transcription factors, sugar transporters and enzymes of the starch synthesis pathway. We then looked at the transcriptomic changes during seed development, highlighting a transition from monosaccharide utilization at the embryonic stage to sucrose transport feeding the starch synthesis pathway at the seed‐filling stage. Altogether, our study presents an integrative picture of sugar transport and metabolism in response to drought and during seed development at a genome‐wide level.
Technological sensing and response capabilities as drivers for radical innovation in the context of apocalyptic uncertainty
Authors: Malik Garima , Sharma Piyush , Kingshott Russel , Leung Tak Yan , Abdolrazagh Dianoush
Published: November 2023

This paper introduces a new conceptual model to examine the impact of technological opportunism (technology sensing and response capabilities) on the adoption of incremental and radical technological innovation by small and medium enterprises (SMEs). We tested our hypotheses with data from 228 Indian SMEs using a symmetric method of partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM) and the asymmetric method of fuzzy–set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) followed by sensitivity analysis done by an artificial neural network (ANN) modeling. PLS‐SEM results highlighted the roles of technology sensing and response capabilities as key drivers of both incremental and radical product innovations and the strengthening of these relationships by market uncertainty triggered by external events and crises. Apart from this, the results of fsQCA demonstrated multiple configurations of dimensions associated with the adoption of technological innovations by SMEs. This paper extends the current literature by exploring the process by which SMEs may adopt different types of technological innovation. Our findings also have useful implications for SMEs aiming to adopt technological innovations.
Financing for loss and damage under the UNFCCC: Have we come full circle?
Authors: Siegele Linda
Published: November 2023

The journey taken by the Alliance of Small Island States in its quest to address the existential threat of man‐made climate—from its original 1991 proposal for funding arrangements (an insurance pool) to address loss and damage associated with sea‐level rise to the establishment at the Sharm el‐Sheikh Climate Conference in 2022 of funding arrangements and a fund for addressing loss and damage—has been a long, sometimes invisible and often arduous one. This article traces that journey from its origin to the road‐building exercise toward establishing institutional arrangements for loss and damage under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Paris Agreement and finally to the last step of establishing a loss and damage fund. Arriving at the final destination is just over the horizon.
Lightening the path to financial development: The power of electricity
Authors: Pan Lei , Dwumfour Richard Adjei , Kheng Veasna
Published: November 2023

This paper examines the impact of access to electricity on financial development. In doing so, we use a number of instrumental variables (IV) approaches. Using panel data for 38 countries in Sub‐Saharan Africa over the period 2000–2018, the results suggest that more people having access to electricity can promote financial development. In addition, mobile phone and commercial bank branches diffusion serve as potential channels through which access to electricity affects financial development. Our results are robust to sample‐splitting and different estimation techniques. The results have important implications for policies in overcoming barriers to electricity access.
18th International HLA and Immunogenetics Workshop: Report on the SNP‐HLA Reference Consortium (SHLARC) component
Authors: Silva Nayane S. B. , Bourguiba‐Hachemi Sonia , Douillard Venceslas , Koskela Satu , Degenhardt Frauke , Clancy Jonna , Limou Sophie , Meyer Diogo , Masotti Cibele , Knorst Stefan , Naslavsky Michel Satya , Franke Andre , Castelli Erick C. , Gourraud Pierre‐Antoine , Vince Nicolas
Published: November 2023

The SNP‐HLA Reference Consortium (SHLARC), a component of the 18th International HLA and Immunogenetics Workshop, is aimed at collecting diverse and extensive human leukocyte antigen (HLA) data to create custom reference panels and enhance HLA imputation techniques. Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have significantly contributed to identifying genetic associations with various diseases. The HLA genomic region has emerged as the top locus in GWAS, particularly in immune‐related disorders. However, the limited information provided by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the hallmark of GWAS, poses challenges, especially in the HLA region, where strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) spans several megabases. HLA imputation techniques have been developed using statistical inference in response to these challenges. These techniques enable the prediction of HLA alleles from genotyped GWAS SNPs. Here we present the SHLARC activities, a collaborative effort to create extensive, and multi‐ethnic reference panels to enhance HLA imputation accuracy.
Dynamics of mRNA fate during light stress and recovery: from transcription to stability and translation
Authors: Smith Aaron B. , Ganguly Diep R. , Moore Marten , Bowerman Andrew F. , Janapala Yoshika , Shirokikh Nikolay E. , Pogson Barry J. , Crisp Peter A.
Published: November 2023

Transcript stability is an important determinant of its abundance and, consequently, translational output. Transcript destabilisation can be rapid and is well suited for modulating the cellular response. However, it is unclear the extent to which RNA stability is altered under changing environmental conditions in plants. We previously hypothesised that recovery‐induced transcript destabilisation facilitated a phenomenon of rapid recovery gene downregulation (RRGD) in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) following light stress, based on mathematical calculations to account for ongoing transcription. Here, we test this hypothesis and investigate processes regulating transcript abundance and fate by quantifying changes in transcription, stability and translation before, during and after light stress. We adapt syringe infiltration to apply a transcriptional inhibitor to soil‐grown plants in combination with stress treatments. Compared with measurements in juvenile plants and cell culture, we find reduced stability across a range of transcripts encoding proteins involved in RNA binding and processing. We also observe light‐induced destabilisation of transcripts, followed by their stabilisation during recovery. We propose that this destabilisation facilitates RRGD, possibly in combination with transcriptional shut‐off that was confirmed for HSP101, ROF1 and GOLS1. We also show that translation remains highly dynamic over the course of light stress and recovery, with a bias towards transcript‐specific increases in ribosome association, independent of changes in total transcript abundance, after 30 min of light stress. Taken together, we provide evidence for the combinatorial regulation of transcription and stability that occurs to coordinate translation during light stress and recovery in Arabidopsis.
DcGST1, encoding a glutathione S‐transferase activated by DcMYB7, is the main contributor to anthocyanin pigmentation in purple carrot
Authors: Duan Ao‐Qi , Deng Yuan‐Jie , Tan Shan‐Shan , Liu Shan‐Shan , Liu Hui , Xu Zhi‐Sheng , Shu Sheng , Xiong Ai‐Sheng
Published: November 2023

The color of purple carrot taproots mainly depends on the anthocyanins sequestered in the vacuoles. Glutathione S‐transferases (GSTs) are key enzymes involved in anthocyanin transport. However, the precise mechanism of anthocyanin transport from the cytosolic surface of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the vacuoles in carrots remains unclear. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the carrot genome, leading to the identification of a total of 41 DcGST genes. Among these, DcGST1 emerged as a prominent candidate, displaying a strong positive correlation with anthocyanin pigmentation in carrot taproots. It was highly expressed in the purple taproot tissues of purple carrot cultivars, while it was virtually inactive in the non‐purple taproot tissues of purple and non‐purple carrot cultivars. DcGST1, a homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana TRANSPARENT TESTA 19 (TT19), belongs to the GSTF clade and plays a crucial role in anthocyanin transport. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, we successfully knocked out DcGST1 in the solid purple carrot cultivar ‘Deep Purple’ (‘DPP’), resulting in carrots with orange taproots. Additionally, DcMYB7, an anthocyanin activator, binds to the DcGST1 promoter, activating its expression. Compared with the expression DcMYB7 alone, co‐expression of DcGST1 and DcMYB7 significantly increased anthocyanin accumulation in carrot calli. However, overexpression of DcGST1 in the two purple carrot cultivars did not change the anthocyanin accumulation pattern or significantly increase the anthocyanin content. These findings improve our understanding of anthocyanin transport mechanisms in plants, providing a molecular foundation for improving and enhancing carrot germplasm.
Impact of regular mowing, mowing height, and grass competition on tuber number and tuber size of yellow nutsedge clonal populations (Cyperus esculentus L.)
Authors: De Ryck Sander , Reheul Dirk , De Cauwer Benny
Published: November 2023

Cyperus esculentus, a perennial sedge, is one of the most dangerous weeds in agriculture because of its high multiplication potential, its high risk of tuber spread and its low sensitivity to control measures. To diminish the risk of C. esculentus spread and incursion into adjacent crops by creeping rhizomes, control measures should also focus on non‐cropped areas adjacent to these crop zones. Defoliation by mowing is an example of one of these control measures. The aim of this study was to identify the critical mowing interval and height required for preventing tuber formation and to assess the combined effect of mowing and competition exerted by the grassy vegetation on the growth and spread of C. esculentus in field margins. In two separate years we conducted an indoor container (11 L) experiment, under a worst‐case scenario, in which genetically distinct clones, grown alone or in combination with Lolium perenne, were subjected to season‐long mowing regimes that differed in mowing interval (1‐, 2‐, 4‐ and 8‐weeks) and/or mowing height (2 and 5 cm). Weekly and 2‐weekly mowing at 5 cm within an 18‐week period significantly reduced tuber production of C. esculentus grown with competition (up to 93% and 98% reduction in tuber number respectively) and without competition from L. perenne (both a 97% reduction), compared to the uncut control with and without competition respectively. Compared to a mowing height of 5 cm, a mowing height of 2 cm resulted in better control of C. esculentus, with tuber numbers up to 32% lower and 5–65% lighter. Twice‐weekly mowing at 2 cm height can be an effective strategy for containing or reducing C. esculentus patches in field margins.
Validation and Application of a Finned Tube Heat Exchanger Model for Rack-Level Cooling
Authors: Khalid R. , Youssef E. , Amalfi R. L. , Ortega A. , Wemhoff A. P.
Published: November 2023

A thermosyphon-based modular cooling approach offers an energy efficient cooling solution with an increased potential for waste heat recovery. Central to the cooling system is an air-refrigerant finned tube heat exchanger (HX), where air is cooled by evaporating refrigerant. This work builds on a previously published two-dimensional (2D) model for the finned-tube HX by updating and validating the model using in-house experimental data collected from the proposed system using R1233zd(E) as the working fluid. The results show that key system variables such as refrigerant outlet quality, air and refrigerant outlet temperatures, and exchanger duty agree within 20% of their experimental counterparts. The validated model is then used to predict the mean heat transfer coefficient on the refrigerant side for each tube in the direction of airflow, indicating a maximum heat transfer coefficient of nearly 1200 W/(m2 K) for a HX duty of 5.3 kW among the tested cases. The validated model therefore enables accurate predictions of HX performance and provides insights into improving the heat exchange efficiency and the corresponding system performance.
Principles of progressive slow-sound and critical coupling condition in broadband sonic black hole absorber
Authors: Yu Xiang , Mi Yongzhen , Zhai Wei , Cheng Li
Published: November 2023

Recent advances in sonic black hole (SBH) provide new opportunities for controlling sound waves and designing wave manipulation devices. SBH is a device that consists of partitions with gradually decreasing inner radii inserted into an acoustic duct. Several studies have reported that SBH can achieve a broadband sound absorption coefficient close to 1, avoiding the issue of alternating high and low absorption coefficients observed in traditional sound absorbers. However, the fundamental mechanisms and principles behind this behavior are not yet fully understood. This study aims to investigate the detailed sound absorption mechanisms of SBH, including the progressive slow-sound effect and the critical coupling condition that leads to broadband sound absorption. To achieve this goal, an analytical model based on the effective medium approach is developed to investigate the layer-by-layer retardation in sound propagation. The sound absorption coefficient is then determined based on the surface impedance calculation. The effective medium analysis reveals that SBH enables a unique condition to progressively decelerate wave propagation across its layers. As a result, the critical coupling condition becomes more easily established with smoothly increasing SBH partitions and more discretised layers, as elucidated by the complex frequency analysis results. The physical insights gained from this study reveal the distinctive features of SBH compared to classical sound absorbers, paving the way for its engineering applications.
The role of acoustic signals in fish reproduction
Authors: Amorim M. Clara P.
Published: November 2023

This paper outlines my research path over three decades while providing a review on the role of fish sounds in mate choice and reproduction. It also intends to provide advice to young scientists and point toward future avenues in this field of research. An overview of studies on different fish model species shows that male mating acoustic signals can inform females and male competitors about their size (dominant frequency, amplitude, and sound pulse rate modulation), body condition (calling activity and sound pulse rate), and readiness to mate (calling rate, number of pulses in a sound). At least in species with parental care, such as toadfishes, gobies, and pomacentrids, calling activity seems to be the main driver of reproductive success. Playback experiments ran on a restricted number of species consistently revealed that females prefer vocal to silent males and select for higher calling rates. This personal synthesis concludes with the suggestion to increase knowledge on fish mating signals, especially considering the emerging use of fish sounds to monitor aquatic environments due to increasing threats, like noise pollution.
Quantum-enhanced greedy combinatorial optimization solver
Authors: Dupont Maxime , Evert Bram , Hodson Mark J. , Sundar Bhuvanesh , Jeffrey Stephen , Yamaguchi Yuki , Feng Dennis , Maciejewski Filip B. , Hadfield Stuart , Alam M. Sohaib , Wang Zhihui , Grabbe Shon , Lott P. Aaron , Rieffel Eleanor G. , Venturelli Davide , Reagor Matthew J.
Published: November 2023

Combinatorial optimization is a broadly attractive area for potential quantum advantage, but no quantum algorithm has yet made the leap. Noise in quantum hardware remains a challenge, and more sophisticated quantum-classical algorithms are required to bolster their performance. Here, we introduce an iterative quantum heuristic optimization algorithm to solve combinatorial optimization problems. The quantum algorithm reduces to a classical greedy algorithm in the presence of strong noise. We implement the quantum algorithm on a programmable superconducting quantum system using up to 72 qubits for solving paradigmatic Sherrington-Kirkpatrick Ising spin glass problems. We find the quantum algorithm systematically outperforms its classical greedy counterpart, signaling a quantum enhancement. Moreover, we observe an absolute performance comparable with a state-of-the-art semidefinite programming method. Classical simulations of the algorithm illustrate that a key challenge to reaching quantum advantage remains improving the quantum device characteristics.