bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainable development of the Pirnovo community in the Kyiv region: problems and perspectives
Authors: Mykhidenko M O , Shebek N M , Timokhin V O , Olkhovets O D
Published: December 2024

Currently, Ukrainian rural communities experience the devastating impact of war, which increases the difficulties of economic and social growth in sparsely urbanized areas. The military escalation has put on standby the processes of social infrastructure modernization, creation of peaceful jobs, expansion of local production and the development of local culture, forcing Ukrainians to focus on such problems, as increasing the stability of settlements, preserving the lives and health of their residents, and saving critical infrastructure. At the same time, preparing for the post-war reconstruction of the country, experts have to think about ways to develop recovery strategies and about further sustainable development of all regions of Ukraine. This study presents an analysis of the urban-planning and environmental challenges faced by the Pirnovo community on its way towards a sustainable future and offers ways of transforming the architectural environment in order to improve the quality of life of the local population and preserve the ecological and cultural heritage. The research methodology includes analysis of current community issues and unrealized opportunities, spatial modeling of comprehensive territorial development, development of proposals for gentrification of existing settlements, improvement of the environment through innovative technologies. The proposed comprehensive development plan allows for considering alternative options for utilizing the recreational potential of the territory, methods of modernizing the cultural and household services system for the population, and ways to achieve environmental balance. Our version of the general plan for Pirnovo focuses on necessary land management changes, development of social infrastructure, and improvement of the quality of living environment without destruction of the natural. The detailed plan of the central part of Pirnovo demonstrates possible approaches to reconstruction and creation of modern public spaces. The research offers new ways to address existing problems in specific areas that can help other settlements and rural territorial communities achieve sustainable development.
Assessment of changes in the structure of the forest ecosystems for example sanitary woody plantations in the Steppe Dnipro
Authors: Kvitko M O , Lykholat T Y , Lykholat O A , Marenkov O M , Lykholat Y V
Published: December 2024

The main acceleration of climatic changes is considered to be the main consequences of existing anthropogenic influences and transformations in the wood ecosystems of the Steppe Dnipro industrial areas. Now, the preparation of science-based programs for the restoration and development of artificial tree plantations, which can increase the stability and diversity of forest ecosystems in the steppe zone under these conditions, is very important. However, artificial tree and shrub plantations are formed according to certain natural laws. It is necessary and urgent to study the current state of phytodiversity to ensure the effective protection of biodiversity, and implement nature conservation management on this basis, including the expansion of the areas of nature reserves. The purpose of this research work was to assess changes in the structure of the Dnipro Steppe woody ecosystems using the example of dust-protection and water-protection sanitary plantations. Modern biodiversity, formed in the natural ecotopes of the Steppe Dnipro region of Ukraine, is quite specific, primarily due to the combination of natural and anthropogenic landscapes in these territories. Depending on the ecological location territory conditions, taking into account the vitality indicators of the plantations, the further development of woody ecosystems according to the vectors of progress or regression is possible. Hence, there is an urgent need to study the biometric indicators of the Kryvyi Rih district’s woody ecosystems under different growth conditions. The work carried out will become the basis for the development of the main directions of preservation and reproduction of phytodiversity in the woody ecosystems of the territory, which will make it possible to plan the necessary vectors for the protection and restoration of biological diversity of artificial trees and shrub plantations of the Kryvyi Rih districts. identifying the features of local guarantee of rare species from various protection lists. It will also contribute to the provision of ecosystem services by natural, spontaneous and artificial woody plantations of the Middle Dnipro region. The received recommendations form the basis of complex measures to preserve and restore the stable state of artificial tree plantations of the Kryvyi Rih district, located on the steep slopes of mine dumps and rafter-beam systems near the rivers and water reservoirs of the Dnipro Steppe.
Prerequisites for improving crop irrigation regimes on the basis of resource optimization
Authors: Prykhodko N V , Rokochynskiy A M , Volk P P
Published: December 2024

The article discusses the prerequisites for improving crop irrigation regimes on the basis of resource optimization. The current approaches to solving the problem of water shortages in irrigation are considered. The results of a machine experiment that reproduces research on the influence of the amount of water resource consumption on the yield of a cultivated crop in relation to the timing of irrigation are given. For the implementation of the machine experiment, a set of optimization, economic, mathematical and forecasting-simulation models was used, including a model of climatic conditions, a model of water regime and water regulation technologies, as well as a model of crop yields on reclaimed land for long-term forecasting. It has been experimentally shown that the impact of water resource shortages is weakened in the second half of the growing season, when crop yield losses are significantly lower than at the beginning of the growing season under similar conditions of water resource consumption. This fact provides prospects for the optimization of crop irrigation regimes as a component of resource optimization. The obtained results and the availability of a set of optimization, economic, mathematical and forecasting-simulation models create prerequisites for improving crop irrigation regimes on the basis of resource optimization.
The influence of deformation degree on efficiency of thin sheet cold rolling
Authors: Chubenko V A , Yarosh T P , Khinotska A A , Skidin I E , Gubin G V
Published: December 2024

The objective of this research is to improve the efficiency of cold rolling of thin steel sheets with a thickness of 1.5 mm by determining efficient deformation degree. Low-carbon steel 20 was used for the research, and reduction patterns under conditions of cold rolling were determined. While maintaining a constant final sheet thickness of 1.5 mm, the deformation degree was observed to vary based on the initial thickness of the semi-finished rolled product. Key parameters, such as the initial temperature and rolling speed, were adjusted at 200°C and 1 m/s, respectively. The strip width was maintained as a constant, and a friction coefficient of 0.01 was adopted. The research delved into the deformation zone formed during longitudinal sheet rolling, defining its coefficients and essential parameters. Additionally, factors influencing the quality of the resulting sheet were identified. The research also explored the influence of the deformation degree on metal stress during the cold rolling process of thin sheets. This involved an analysis of yield strength, metal flow, and overall strength. Furthermore, the study established the rolling force and its variations with changing deformation degrees. An integral aspect of the study was the examination of the impact of the deformation degree on the process productivity of cold-rolled thin sheets. Through comprehensive analysis, a rational deformation degree was pinpointed, ensuring the production of a high-quality product with efficient strength and plasticity. This optimized degree also minimizes the required deformation forces and rolling torques, contributing to maximum process productivity.
Melamine-doped TiO2 as a perspective photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution
Authors: Manuilov E V , Khalyavka T O , Shymanovska V V , Gavrilko T A , Korzhak G V , Shcherban N D
Published: December 2024

The photocatalysts based on titanium dioxide (TiO2) doped with melamine were synthesized. The samples of pure and modified TiO2 were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and room temperature FT-IR, Raman, and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. It was established that modifying TiO2 with melamine leads to a decrease in the crystallite sizes and an increase in the lattice parameters and molecular unit volume. The stoichiometry of modified TiO2 worsened due to the appearance of additional vacancies of oxygen in the doped samples. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared catalysts in the reaction of hydrogen production from water under light illumination was studied. The melamine-doped TiO2 samples showed more than two times higher activity than pure titanium dioxide.
Technology of castings restoration by casting alloyed thermite melt onto the surface
Authors: Saithareiev L N , Skidin I E , Ponomarenko O I , Vodennikova O S , Vodennikov S A
Published: December 2024

The study describes the process of forming a functional layer of thermite melts on the surface of castings. The chemical composition of thermite mixtures, technological parameters of various processes of surface alloying of castings, structure and mechanical properties of alloys, and operational properties of castings were examined at various stages of the development of energy-efficient technology for creating a functional surface of a given thickness. The described technology of surface alloying of castings by obtaining functional layers from thermite melts refers to the aluminium-thermite method of obtaining a melt with its subsequent casting on the surface of castings to form a wear-resistant functional layer or direct casting of castings. Characteristic features of the technology are: the use of cheaper internal chemical energy of the interaction of reagents to produce melts, instead of external electrical energy; simplicity and cheapness of the equipment used; obtaining various grades of alloys; high speed of processes in metal synthesis; high productivity of the process of manufacturing or repairing castings.
Harmful emissions of welding aerosol during pulse-arc welding of structural aluminum alloy D16
Authors: Golovko V V , Bezushko O M , Goncharova O M , Koval V A , Zhernosekov A M , Falchenko Yu V
Published: December 2024

The results of investigations of chemical composition and emission rates of the welding fume (WF), generated during pulse-arc welding of D16 aluminum alloy with ER4043 and 2319 solid-section wires, are presented. It was established that when welding with ER4043 and 2319 wires, such harmful components as aluminum, iron and silicon are present in the WF. It was established that when using ER4043 and 2319 wires, welding fume equally belong to the least harmful “5” class of toxicity and differ in the level of emissions, which varied depending on the welding mode from class “a” to class “b” (in accordance with DSTU ISO 15011). When using ER4043 wire, the level of emissions increases with increasing values of the characteristics of the welding mode. When using wire 2319, the maximum values of the aerosol emission level are at a frequency of 100 Hz.
Air pollution forecasting by leveraging traffic modeling techniques
Authors: Lovkin V
Published: December 2024

Forecasting of short-term air pollution caused by nitrogen dioxide is valuable for decision making about human health protection. Open real world data collected in Madrid over a period from 2019 to 2022 were used. Trends and patterns in air pollution are presented and analysed. Causation between air pollution by nitrogen dioxide and traffic is investigated. Results of traffic forecasting obtained by corresponding bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models at the selected stations as well as values of nitrogen dioxide concentration over historic horizon of 6 hours at the same station are used for forecasting of air pollution by nitrogen dioxide as features for LSTM models. Models were created and trained for each air pollution measurement station presented in the corresponding dataset. Forecasting is made for 6 hours ahead. The study confirmed that traffic forecasting results are valuable for models of forecasting air pollution by nitrogen dioxide. It provided increase in forecasting accuracy in comparison with the usage of historical values of traffic as input features. The obtained results improved MAE by 5 % and MSE by 6.37 % comparing to LSTM models with only previous values of air pollution by nitrogen dioxide. It defines an important approach which should be applied for more complex architectures of deep learning models in the following investigations.
Research on the effectiveness of using steel reinforcement for strengthening products made of naturale stone
Authors: Piskun I , Kotenko V , Kunytska M , Prypoten Yu
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this reasearch is to investigate the feasibility of using steel reinforcement to improve the strength characteristics of natural stone products. In the course of the research work, recommendations for preparing samples for strength tests are described. Recommendations for the preparation, configuration, and utilization of the main tools and materials employed during the study are provided. The components of conducting an experiment aimed at determining the strength characteristics of samples have been developed and described. Based on the obtained data, the calculation of the values of the main force parameters during the destruction of samples under the action of bending loads has been performed. According to the results of the research on the methodology of using steel reinforcement to enhance the strength characteristics of stone products, it was established that the ultimate strength and load-bearing capacity of the reinforced samples are significantly higher compared to the similar indicators of unreinforced samples.
Assessment of aesthetic and ecological functions of the urbanized part of small watercourses of Mlynivka and Radchanka by the indicator of visual quality of the environment
Authors: Kundelska T V , Mykytsei M T , Gritsylak G M , Yatsyshyn T M
Published: December 2024

The article highlights the importance of protection and preservation of small rivers in the conditions of global urbanization, in the context of the study of the aesthetic value of the territory within urban and suburban landscapes. Since the preservation of small rivers is the primary goal for ensuring quality ecosystem services for the purpose of: recreation, functioning of the hydro-complex of the urban system, aesthetic purposes, such a study will allow to identify, at the initial stage, areas that have been significantly changed as a result of anthropogenic activity. One of the approaches to such a study is the assessment of the indicator of visual quality of the environment, which is the result of the summation of visual effects (visual pollution) inherent in urbanized areas within the shoreline of small watercourses. The study was conducted on the example of the small rivers Radchanka and Mlynivka within the limits of the Ivano-Frankivsk urban united territorial community. The main focus of the research was on identifying objects and factors that create visual pollution, according to 30 main criteria based on the proposed methodology, taking into account the elements of expert evaluation. To determine the contribution of each of the three groups of evaluated criteria – natural objects, anthropogenic and man-made objects, physiognomic characteristics of the territory, the method of calculating the relative indicator of the visual quality of the environment was applied. The result of the assessment was the identification of areas with high aesthetic value and areas that need to be restored to preserve natural aesthetic and ecological functions. The article contains proposals and solutions that can be recommended to communities to improve the visual quality of the territories within the shoreline of the mentioned watercourses.
Investigation of the groundwater level dynamics in the rice system under different parameters of irrigation and drainage network
Authors: Turchenyuk V O , Kropyvko S M , Koptyuk R M , Volk P P
Published: December 2024

The dynamics of groundwater level formation on two types of rice irrigation plot were studied: “rice irrigation plot with an irrigator-discharge in a notch and with drainage channels CCD” and “rice irrigation plot with an irrigation channel in an embankment and with drainage-discharge channels (KTC)” with various design parameters of the drainage network. On the basis of long-term field observations of the groundwater level (GWL) lowering on the CCD and KTC with use a network of observation wells, differences in the intensity and uniformity of drying of these types of rice irrigation plots in the pre-harvest and inter-vegetation periods have been established. It has been established that a more favourable water-air regime takes place in the rice irrigation plots CCD with different parameters of the drainage network compared to the rice irrigation plots KTC. At CCD, due to the draining effect of the irrigator-discharge, the field dries out more intensively after the water discharge process. This allows the rice harvest to be carried out in an optimal and rather short time. The presence of the irrigator-discharge as the element of the CCD allows to supply and divert water in a short period of time, evenly over the entire area as well as to perform the role of shallow drain and contribute to intensive drying and desalination of soils. It has been established that the yield of rice on CCD higher than on KTC with the corresponding parameters (on average 400-500 kg·ha−1). It has been established that due to these advantages, the rice yield on the CCC the inter-drainage distance 200 m and 250 m is on average 5-7 centner·ha−1 higher than on the KTC with the same parameters, and higher than on the CCD with the inter-drainage distance 500 m on 17 centner·ha−1.
Identification of approaches to developing a response plan for potential emergencies caused by external water contamination
Authors: Kobylianskyi V Y , Kravchenko O V , Sorokina K B , Uriadnikova I V
Published: December 2024

The requirements are analysed and the basic principles of developing a Response Plan for emergencies caused by water contamination are defined. Under martial law, the problem of drinking water safety and quality should be considered from the perspective of a possible threat of enemy use of chemical, biological and radiation-nuclear weapons to damage water management facilities, water supply and sewage systems. Monitoring of water quality at water supply facilities should be carried out on a continuous basis using indicator physical and chemical parameters without the constant presence of personnel. In the event of a sharp change in any of the defined indicators, an operational system for detecting hazardous substances in water should be connected. The paper develops the basic principles of organization, technical, methodological and financial support for water contamination monitoring.
Ecological tourism in the industrial environment: A new vision
Authors: Ostapchuk I O , Patsiuk V S , Kazakov V L
Published: December 2024

Ecologization of thinking and hedonization of life are processes that have greatly influenced motives behind ways to spend free time in recent decades. Ecotourism has become a way of exploring unique and exotic natural landscapes and a tool for their preservation Such an interpretation of ecotourism deprives residents of large industrial cities located far from such environmental sites of the opportunity to join the process of ecological cognition. The available sources analyzed by the authors interprete the concept of ecotourism merely through the environmental prism, the prism of the value of natural areas. The concept of ecological tours, which reveal only one aspect of ecology – the problem of protecting natural landscapes within specially protected natural areas/water bodies, is not yet developed either and is only interpreted as nature protection. The authors’ interpretation of ecotourism and excursions as a type of industrial and sustainable tourism in the industrial environment is broader. Ways to settle environmental issues can only be found through understanding their essence. During eco-excursions, visitors can understand the nature and causes of the environmental crisis, emergence of global and local environmental problems and their consequences directly through observation, study, understanding, and experiment under the guidance of a qualified guide. Only real environmental emotional experience gained in the field can act as a driver for forming environmental behavior. The authors set out to interpret ecological tourism and ecological tours through familiarizing visitors with negative consequences of human impact on the environment; to reveal the content, methodological features of preparing and conducting ecological excursions; to perform a statistical analysis of ecological tours and excursions. Based on their own many years’ experience in tour activities, the authors substantiate and characterize their own vision of ecological tourism and ecological excursions in the industrial environment, and establish the specifics of the excursion process related to ecological education and nurturing. The present research highlights problematic aspects of the classical concept of ecological tourism (its main limitation – by merely natural areas), the ecological excursions available in the world tour practice (merely nature-oriented or educational for schoolchildren/students), analyzes the methodological features of organizing and giving ecological excursions (identifies specific features of each stage of developing an ecological excursion, provides examples of methods from their own experience of excursion activities), and summarizes the authors’ experience of ecological excursion activities at the theoretical and practical levels.
Features of mineral composition of garnet-bearing shales of the Kryvyi Rih basin and recommendations for further processing
Authors: Hrytsai O , Tikhlivets S , Yurin A , Filenko V , Kharitonov V
Published: December 2024

In addition to iron ore, the deposits of the Kryvyi Rih basin contain about 50 types of metallic and non-metallic minerals, which are simultaneously extracted from the subsoil during the exploitation of the deposits and can be used in the national economy of Ukraine. An important place among them is occupied by garnets, which are rock-forming minerals of some types of granitoids, gneisses and crystalline shales. Garnet-bearing shales are widely distributed within the Kryvyi Rih basin. In this paper, we investigated garnet-bearing shales of the Hannivske field from the Northern region of the Kryvyi Rih basin. Based on the results of detailed studies, the mineral composition was established, their varieties were identified, and mineralogical recommendations for further processing technology were given.
Revisiting mathematical model of the process of self-destruction of outburst-hazardous coals under hydrodynamic impact
Authors: Zberovskyi V V , Ahaiev R A , Vlasenko V V , Sapehin V N
Published: December 2024

One of the options of self-destruction process model of outburst-hazardous coal seams under hydrodynamic impact (HDI) in the conditions of mines in the Donbas central region is considered. The model is based on the results of a comprehensive study of the parameters of the HDI process: mass and coal recovery factor; flow rate of technological boreholes and volume of extracted gas; the calculated degree of the massif degassing and the HDI degassing index from the coal hardness and the natural gas content of outburst-hazardous coal seams. The solution to this problem is connected with the lack of a model for coal destruction during HDI, which leads to an avalanche-like self-destruction of outburst-hazardous coals with the generation of methane. The phenomenon of methane generation is considered in the “coal-gas” system, which is a complex globular organization of macromolecules of outburst-hazardous coals. The model allows to consider the process of development of additional stresses around new formations and theoretically substantiate the presence of an additional source of gas release. To determine the stress-strain state, a solution to the spatial problem of elasticity theory is proposed for n successively arranged cylindrical cavities under the internal pressure action in an isotropic and homogeneous infinite medium is proposed. The dynamic component of the process is determined by the component of the stressed state of the elastic medium under the action of variable load and inertia forces in stressed gas-filled media. The research results are used in the development of technology of active degassing and coalbed methane production by hydrodynamic impact method.
Increasing the level of ecologically oriented logistics system in the waste management for territorial communities
Authors: Patseva I H , Nonik L Y , Gnatuk B Y , Patsev I S , Ustymenko V I
Published: December 2024

The characteristic features of nature protection policy in Ukraine are established. The significance of the solutions ecological logistics development for of municipal solid waste in order to reduce the negative impact on the environment has been confirmed. The significance of logistics for reducing the amount of waste and achieving its financial social and environmental goals is presented. The importance of environmental protection information and ecological knowledge as a special resource in innovative activity is emphasized. The characteristic qualities of the ecological approach in the field of logistics have been revealed.
Thermal analysis of mine remediation soil
Authors: Serafimova Ekaterina , Dedelyanova Kremena
Published: December 2024

In recent years, one of the main goals of sustainable development has been the preservation of soils, their restoration, and the return to use of unusable lands. Reclamation is a method of restoring disturbed lands by improving their characteristics and the surrounding environment. Reclamation processes aim to restore the functions of disturbed and polluted soils to agricultural and forest funds, prevent landslides and erosion, and create balanced ecological systems that represent socio-economic and aesthetic values for humanity. The current study examines a recultivated terrain resulting from mining activities, scrutinizing the primary functional groups and the soil’s thermal stability. Based on these findings, we can implement additional measures to enhance the soil’s humus layer and the region’s overall health. The results show successful reclamation with a low organic component capacity.
The product of simple modules over KLR algebras and quiver Grassmannians
Authors: Bi Yingjin
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we study the product of two simple modules over Khovanov-Lauda-Rouquier (KLR) algebras using the quiver Grassmannians for Dynkin quivers. More precisely, we establish a bridge between the Induction functor on the category of modules over KLR algebras and the irreducible components of quiver Grassmannians for Dynkin quivers via a sort of extension varieties, which is an analogue of the extension group in Hall algebras. As a result, we give a necessary condition when the product of two simple modules over a KLR algebra is simple using the set of irreducible components of quiver Grassmannians. In particular, in some special cases, we provide proof for the conjecture recently proposed by Lapid and Mínguez.
Outbreak of cucumber mosaic virus subgroup IB in pepper from the Espelette area (Basque Country, southwestern France) and first report of five taxa as natural hosts of CMV
Authors: Gaudin Jonathan , Piry Sylvain , Wipf-Scheibel Catherine , Szadkowski Marion , Desbiez Cecile , Nguyen Elodie , Dumeaux Paul , Berthier Karine , Schoeny Alexandra , Girardot Gregory , Hirsch Judith , Verdin Eric , Lepage Elise , Gognalons Patrick , Troulet Claire , Moury Benoît , Rimbaud Loup
Published: December 2024

To better understand the emergence of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in the protected designation of origin of Espelette pepper (southwestern France), more than 7,300 samples were collected in and around 36 pepper fields in 2021 and 2022, and diagnosed using ELISA, RT-PCR and partial Sanger sequencing of viral RNAs. This allowed the identification of five new host genera or species among the natural hosts of CMV: Arum italicum, Cerastium glomeratum, Hyacinthoides sp., Lysimachia arvensis and Trifolium incarnatum. A CMV variant belonging to subgroup IB and presenting a low molecular diversity was highly prevalent in the pepper crops (78% of the pepper samples) as well as in naturally growing plants (8% of the non-pepper samples) within the fields. CMV isolates from group II were detected in a single pepper plant as well as in Hyacinthoides sp. (3 samples), Capsella bursa-pastoris (2 samples) and Stachys arvensis (1 sample). To our knowledge, this is the second report of the occurrence of subgroup IB of CMV in France. Investigation of old pepper samples indicate that it was present at least since 2009.
Does Pelvic Tilt Change After Periacetabular Osteotomy for Hip Dysplasia?
Authors: Curley Andrew J. , Luck Connor L. , Shihab Wasim , Ruh Ethan R. , Disantis Ashley E. , McClincy Michael P.
Published: December 2024

Background:

The purpose of this study was to (1) evaluate preoperative pelvic tilt utilizing the sacro-femoral-pubic (SFP) angle on standing pelvic x-rays, and (2) determine if the SFP angle changes after a unilateral or bilateral PAO.

Methods:

A retrospective review was conducted of PAOs performed by a single hip preservation surgeon from November 2018 to November 2023. Standing x-rays were reviewed at 4 time points: preoperative, subacute postoperative, 6-month follow-up, and 12-month follow-up. Data collected included demographics, lateral center-edge angle (LCEA), Tönnis angle, and sacro-femoral-pubic (SFP) angle (a surrogate metric for pelvic tilt). Linear mixed models and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to evaluate preoperative to postoperative differences in pelvic tilt for the unilateral and bilateral PAO groups, respectively.

Results:

Seventy-four patients met inclusion criteria, consisting of 53 unilateral and 21 bilateral PAO patients (18.5±4.1 vs. 21.3±5.1 y, 90.6% vs. 95.2% female, LCEA 17.5 deg±6.5 deg vs. 18.0 deg±5.5 deg and 18.0 deg±6.3 deg, respectively). The Average preoperative pelvic tilt, calculated from the SFP angle, for the unilateral and bilateral PAO patients were 9.1 degrees±5.5 degrees and 8.1 degrees±5.6 degrees, respectively. These values increased postoperatively at average 7-week (−0.3 deg±3.4 deg and 1.3 deg±3.7 deg), 6-month (1.1 deg±3.8 deg and 2.7 deg±3.4 deg), and 12-month (1.0 deg±4.1 deg and 2.7 deg±3.0 deg) follow-up. Significant differences in pelvic tilt were observed from preoperative x-rays to 6 months (P=0.002) and 12 months (P=0.001) for the bilateral PAO patients, whereas the unilateral group demonstrated similar pelvic tilt at all time points (P=0.09).

Conclusion:

Patients undergoing bilateral PAO demonstrated an average increase in pelvic tilt of 2.7 degrees as measured by SFP angle at 6 months and 12 months postoperatively, suggesting a compensatory adaptation after surgery that may have implications in rehabilitation regimens and planned surgical corrections.

Level of Evidence:

Level III—therapeutic study.
Preoperative Routine Cold-water Immersion for Lipedema Reduction Surgery
Authors: Schwartz Jaime S. , Danesh Eva , Danesh Noah , Raghebi Arash , Danesh Jonah , West Justin
Published: December 2024

Routine cold-water immersion (CWI) is typically suggested to reduce inflammation, a hallmark property of lipedema. Lipedema is a connective tissue disorder with a genetic component that presents with a disproportionate distribution of nodules in the extremities. This case report explores the impact of routine CWI on the effectiveness of lipedema reduction surgery (LRS) and manual lipedema extraction, as part of the SMiLE technique (softening, mobilization, liposuction, and extraction). A 59-year-old woman with lipedema presented for LRS of the anterior legs. In the prior 5 months, the patient engaged in daily CWI. During LRS, there was a remarkable amount of lipedema nodules readily extracted compared with a typical patient. The patient’s 5 months of routine CWI resulted in improved quality of life and decreased lipedema symptoms, and may have contributed to the quantity and ease of nodule extraction during LRS.
Cardiovascular disease in South Asian immigrants facing adverse socioeconomic circumstances: challenges and opportunities for enhanced management
Authors: Pappalettere Carolina C. , Llagostera Marc , Vime-Jubany Joan , Cainzos-Achirica Miguel
Published: December 2024

Purpose of review

To describe the challenges that health professionals often face when attempting to provide optimal primary and secondary prevention care of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) to South Asian immigrant patients who face adverse socioeconomic factors, such as many of the South Asian men and women who live in Catalonia, and to present a number of constructive approaches that can help minimize those barriers.

Recent findings

The challenges include limited health literacy, frequent language barriers, cultural factors that limit the relevance of standard lifestyle advice, financial barriers, limited access to preventive care, racism, and other barriers. Approaches that can help minimize them and enhance the quality of secondary cardiovascular preventive care in this group include empathy, using support from cultural mediators, enhanced proficiency using readily available translation programs, approaches that minimize financial barriers and simplify treatment regimes, and provision of more culturally competent lifestyle advice, among others.

We hope that the notions included in this review will help physicians and healthcare system managers around the world become more aware and culturally competent when treating South Asian patients with ASCVD. The ongoing Pul-Cat and other studies will illuminate the most effective steps moving forward.
Patient Views and Values Placed on the Uterus
Authors: Chang Olivia H. , Huynh Ashley , Ringel Nancy , Hudson Patricia L. , Halder Gabriela E. , Winkleman William D. , Ton Jessica , Davidson Emily R.W. , Meriwether Kate
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVE:

To understand women's views of and values placed on the uterus.

METHODS:

This was a multicenter, mixed methods, prospective cohort study at seven medical centers across the United States involved with the Society of Gynecologic Surgeons' Collaborative Research in Pelvic Surgery Consortium network. Adults with a uterus and a benign gynecologic condition with no intention for pregnancy were recruited. Chart review and patient questionnaires, including the validated VALUS (Value of Uterus) instrument, were completed. Semi-structured audio interviews were performed in a subset of participants to identify themes associated with values of the uterus. Interview transcripts were thematically analyzed using the grounded theory approach until saturation was reached.

RESULTS:

Qualitative data were collected from 40 participants; 36 (90.0%) completed the VALUS questionnaire, and 20 (50.0%) completed semi-structured interviews. The median age was 51 years, and patients mostly identified as White race (75.0%). Participants' gynecologic conditions included urinary incontinence (57.5%), pelvic pain (42.5%), pelvic organ prolapse (40.0%), and various other gynecologic conditions. Based on the VALUS score, 55.6% (20/36) placed a high value on the uterus and 44.4% (16/36) placed a low value on the uterus. When asked about the value of the uterus, some participants viewed it as an organ for reproduction and fertility and their personhood or womanhood, whereas others thought of it as an organ of no value. Recurring themes around considerations before a hysterectomy procedure included a lack of knowledge regarding the physiologic role of the uterus beyond reproduction, the desire for more knowledge to make informed decisions and to understand the purpose of the hysterectomy procedure and alternatives.

CONCLUSION:

In this multicenter, mixed methods analysis, more than half the participants placed a high value on the uterus. The values of the uterus included fertility, personhood, and womanhood, which often was described as changing with patient's age or life circumstances. Our findings highlight the need to include the patient's values of the uterus to foster person-centered care in the treatment of gynecologic disorders when uterine preservation is an option.
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Demonstrated on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Kesim Selin , Filizoglu Nuh
Published: December 2024

Tuberous sclerosis complex is a rare neurocutaneous genetic disorder that can affect multiple organ systems including the skin, eyes, brain, kidneys, heart, and lungs. Herein, we report 18F-FDG PET/CT findings of brain and skin lesions, bilateral renal angiomyolipomas, and pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis in a patient with tuberous sclerosis complex.
Investigating the Functional Role of the DI-DII Linker in Nav1.5 Channel Function
Authors: Wagner Emily , Marras Martina , Kumar Shashi , Kelley Jacob , Ruff Kiersten , Silva Jonathan
Published: December 2024

The cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel, Nav1.5 initiates the cardiac action potential. Its dysfunction can lead to dangerous arrhythmias, sudden cardiac arrest, and death. The functional Nav1.5 core consists of four homologous repeats (I, II, III, and IV), each formed from a voltage sensing and a pore domain. The channel also contains three cytoplasmic linkers (I-II, II-III, and III-IV). While Nav1.5 structures have been published, the I-II and II-III linkers have remained absent, are predicted to be disordered, and their functional role is not well understood.

We divided the I-II linker into eight regions ranging in size from 32 to 52 residues, chosen based on their distinct properties. Since these regions had unique sequence properties, we hypothesized that they may have distinct effects on channel function. We tested this hypothesis with experiments with individual Nav1.5 constructs with each region deleted. These deletions had small effects on channel gating, though two (430 – 457del and 556 – 607del) reduced peak current. Phylogenetic analysis of the I-II linker revealed five prolines (P627, P628, P637, P640, P648) that were conserved in mammals but absent from theXenopussequence. We created mutant channels, where these were replaced with their Xenopus counterparts. The only mutation that had a significant effect on channel gating was P627S, which depolarized channel activation (10.13 +/- 2.28 mV). Neither a phosphosilent (P627A) nor a phosphomimetic (P627E) mutation had a significant effect, suggesting that either phosphorylation or another specific serine property is required.

Since deletion of large regions had little effect on channel gating while a point mutation had a conspicuous impact, the I-II linker role may be to facilitate interactions with other proteins. Variants may have a larger impact if they create or disrupt these interactions, which may be key in evaluating pathogenicity of variants.
Premenstrual disorders and risk of sick leave and unemployment: a prospective cohort study of 15,857 women in Sweden
Authors: Yu Hang , Yang Yihui , Hysaj Elgeta , Nevriana Alicia , Hägg Sara , Valdimarsdóttir Unnur Anna , Bertone-Johnson Elizabeth , Lu Donghao
Published: December 2024

Importance

Premenstrual disorders (PMDs) are prevalent and significantly impair women’s quality of life. Yet, the long-term impact on work capacity is not well understood.

Objective

To prospectively examine the association between PMDs and work incapacity, including sick leave and unemployment.

Setting, Design and Participants

A prospective cohort study of 15,857 women aged 15-60 years and employed at baseline in the LifeGene Study with linkage to population and health registers in Sweden.

Exposure

PMDs were identified via register-based clinical diagnoses and symptom questionnaires.

Main Outcomes and Measures

We extracted information on sick leave and unemployment status from national registers. We used Poisson regression to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of sick leave and unemployment comparing women with PMDs to those without.

Results

In total, 2,585 (16.30%) women (mean age 32.52 years) reported symptom burden indicative of probable a PMD. With a median follow-up of 9.17 years, 6,741 (42.51%) and 1,485 (9.36%) women were exposed to at least one sick leave and unemployment during follow-up, respectively. Compared to women without PMDs, those with PMDs had 40% and 27% higher risks of sick leave (fully adjusted-IRR 1.40, 95% CI 1.31-1.49) and unemployment (IRR 1.27, 95% CI 1.10-1.46), respectively. The association was particularly stronger for long-term sick leave (≥ 90 days) (IRR 1.69, 95% CI 1.50-1.91), and sick leave due to depression (IRR 1.41, 95% CI 1.27-1.56). In addition, comparable associations for sick leave and unemployment were yielded, when comparing women with and without a history of depression/anxiety.

Conclusions

Employed women with PMDs are at increased risk of sick leave and unemployment, underscoring the potential long-term health and socioeconomic consequences of this prevalent condition. Improved clinical management of comorbidities and workplace policies are needed to support women affected by PMDs.
Mechanical communication through the ECM is frequency-dependent due to cell sensitivity to mechanical signal shape
Authors: Nitsan Ido , Drori Stavit , Tzlil Shelly
Published: December 2024

Cells communicate mechanically by sensing and responding to mechanical deformations generated by their neighbors in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Cell-generated deformations propagates through the ECM and therefore mechanical communication depends on the mechanical properties of the matrix. By directly measuring the mechanical coupling between a cardiac cell and an artificial ‘mechanical cell’ and monitoring the dependence of beat-to-beat variability on mechanical coupling, we can quantify the sensitivity of cardiac cells to mechanical signals. Here we show that due to the dynamic viscoelastic properties of collagen hydrogels (a major component of the cardiac ECM), the shape of the mechanical signal changes in a frequency-dependent manner as it propagates through the gel, resulting in mechanical communication that depends on beating frequency. Moreover, we show that cardiac cell’s sensitivity to the shape of the mechanical signal results from its responsiveness to the loading rate, with an optimal loading rate for efficient mechanical communication. The dependence of signal shape on ECM viscoelasticity and the existence of an optimal loading rate suggest that there may be ideal viscoelastic properties for mechanical communication between cardiac cells.
Multi-omics analysis of the mechanism of alfalfa and wheat-induced rumen flatulence in Xizang sheep
Authors: Song Tianzeng , Wu Jing , Zhang Xiaoming , Khan Ayesha , Cui Jianzhao , Shahzad Khuram , Wang Gaofu , Zhaxi Yangzong , Shi Mingyan , Zhao Wangsheng , Jiang Xunping , Li Long , Liu Guiqiong
Published: December 2024

This study induced a rumen flatulence model in Xizang sheep using alfalfa (HRF) and wheat grass (MRF) to explore related mechanisms. The pH of HRF and MRF groups was lower than the natural grass group. SCFA concentrations varied in different groups. Microbial analysis showed HRF and MRF groups had lower alpha and beta diversity and different compositions. Transcriptome analysis found different numbers of differentially expressed genes in each group. Spearman’s correlation analysis indicated Butyrivibrio was related to GLRX and DUOX2, and Quinella to several genes.
Molecular Insights into the Regulation of GNPTAB by TMEM251
Authors: Yang Xi , Doray Balraj , Venkatarangan Varsha , Jennings Benjamin C. , Henn Danielle , Liang Jiaxuan , Zhao Haikun , Zhang Weichao , Zhang Bokai , Yu Linchen , Chen Liang , Kornfeld Stuart , Li Ming
Published: December 2024

In vertebrates, newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes traffick to lysosomes through the mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) pathway. The Golgi membrane protein TMEM251 was recently discovered to regulate lysosome biogenesis by controlling the level of GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase (GNPT). However, its precise function remained unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that TMEM251 is a two-transmembrane protein indispensable for GNPT stability, cleavage by Site-1-Protease (S1P), and enzymatic activity. We reconcile conflicting models by showing that TMEM251 enhances GNPT cleavage and prevents its mislocalization to lysosomes for degradation. We further establish that TMEM251 achieves this by interacting with GOLPH3 and retromer complexes to anchor the TMEM251-GNPT complex at the Golgi. Alanine mutagenesis identified F4XXR7motif in TMEM251’s N-tail for GOLPH3 binding. Together, our findings uncover TMEM251’s multi-faceted role in stabilizing GNPT, retaining it at the Golgi, and ensuring the fidelity of the M6P pathway, thereby providing insights into its molecular function.
Terms of trade, ecologically unequal exchange and
environmental problems in developing economies
Authors: Feng Zhixuan , Liu Fengyi
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Utilizing the Marxist theory of unequal exchange to explain the terms of
trade between nations, this paper elucidates one possible mechanism that
gives rise to ecologically unequal exchange between developed and developing
economies.

Design/methodology/approach

We propose a two-sector linear production model and demonstrate that a
decrease in the organic composition of capital and an increase in the rate
of surplus value in a sector will lead to a relative price decrease and
value transfer out of that particular sector, as well as increasing the
environmental costs of trade. Furthermore, we measure the levels of unequal
exchange (value transfer) and ecologically unequal exchange of 40 economies
and empirically validate their relationship.

Findings

The findings suggest that an important cause of the ecologically unequal
exchange is the value transfer between economies caused by the international
division of labor and real wage disparities. The inequality in international
trade is a significant factor contributing to the gap in the ecological
environment level between developed and developing economies.

Originality/value

By introducing the theory of unequal exchange or value transfer into the
analysis of ecological unequal exchange, we provide a mathematical framework
for analyzing ecological unequal exchange and a method for calculating the
scale of ecological unequal exchange and value transfer, thereby enhancing
the theoretical depth and practical significance of the ecological unequal
exchange theory.