bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exposure‐Response Modeling to Characterize the Relationship Between Ixekizumab Serum Drug Concentrations and Efficacy Responses at Week 12 in Patients With Moderate to Severe Plaque Psoriasis
Authors: Chigutsa Emmanuel , Velez de Mendizabal Nieves , Chua Laiyi , Heathman Michael , Friedrich Stuart , Jackson Kimberley , Reich Kristian
Published: June 2018

Ixekizumab, a high‐affinity monoclonal antibody, selectively targets interleukin‐17A and has been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis. The objective was to describe the relationship between ixekizumab concentrations and efficacy response (static Physician Global Assessment [sPGA] and the Psoriasis Activity and Severity Index [PASI) scores] after 12 weeks of ixekizumab treatment in psoriasis patients from 3 phase 3 studies. Data from 2888 psoriasis patients randomized to receive placebo or 80 mg ixekizumab every 2 weeks or every 4 weeks were analyzed. Separate logistic regression models describing the relationship between ixekizumab concentrations and sPGA or PASI scores at week 12 were used to determine the probability of patients achieving a response and to investigate the impact of various patient factors other than drug concentrations on response rates. Both dosing regimens were efficacious, with higher rates of response achieved with the higher range of observed ixekizumab concentrations after every‐2‐week dosing. Although higher bodyweight, palmoplantar involvement, lower baseline disease state, or high baseline C‐reactive protein were associated with slightly lower response rates, the magnitude of effect of these factors on sPGA(0,1) response was small, with all subgroups able to achieve high levels of response. Other factors tested had no effect including age, sex, and antidrug antibody status. Logistic regression modeling of ixekizumab concentration and efficacy data accurately identified the proportion of responders using sPGA or PASI end points. The higher concentration ranges achieved with 80 mg every 2 weeks versus every 4 weeks were associated with higher response levels.
Monte Carlo economic analysis of Baker's yeast invertase purification using two‐ and three‐phase partitioning
Authors: Torres‐Acosta Mario A , Morales‐Guzman Suria I , Ruiz‐Ruiz Federico , Vazquez‐Villegas Patricia , Willson Richard C , Rito‐Palomares Marco
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

Invertase use in the food industry is limited by production costs. Alternative strategies for extraction, such as aqueous two‐phase systems (ATPS) and three‐phase partitioning (TPP), could be economically feasible for yeast invertase. Economic modeling of bioprocesses makes possible the identification of critical parameters for production costs and emulation of real scenarios, moreover incorporation of uncertainty is possible. This study performed an economic analysis on the production of invertase using ATPS or TPP, also a virtual optimization of ATPS was done.

RESULTS

TPP provided a lower production cost than ATPS ($145 vs $59.3 per 1 million enzymatic units, respectively). The critical parameter for TPP is recovery yield as it is highly dependent on operating conditions. In contrast, ATPS is dependent on materials costs as the sample load is smaller for ATPS, requiring a larger system. Although TPP provided a lower cost, t‐butanol hinders its acceptance.

CONCLUSION

Virtual optimization of ATPS found that varying sample load or system size is not enough to have a lower production cost than TPP, but provided insights for reduction of production costs and development of a safer technique. This study provides a framework for the virtual analysis of ATPS and TPP to evaluate their processes and reduce production costs. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Fully aerobic two‐step desulfurization process for purification of highly H2S‐laden biogas
Authors: Quijano Guillermo , Figueroa‐González Ivonne , Buitrón Germán
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

A two‐step desulfurization technology coupling an absorption column with an airlift bioreactor (ALR) provided with continuous aeration was studied. This setup allowed the full oxygenation of the liquid phase, overcoming the typical issues of aerobic biotrickling filters such as elemental sulfur accumulation, biogas dilution or generation of explosive mixtures.

RESULTS

Removal efficiencies of 100% were achieved under all the S‐H2S inlet loading rates tested (28, 56 and 112 gS‐H2S m−3 h−1). The main sulfur compound in the liquid phase was SO42− regardless of the inlet load tested with and average sulfur oxidation performance of ∼80%. The robustness of the desulfurization system over a 7‐days shutdown period was also evaluated. H2S removal efficiency of 100% was recorded only 10 h after restarting the system without H2S stripping from the ALR. The microbial communities present in the inoculum and those established in the desulfurization system at the end of the experimental time were characterized by 16S rRNA pyrosequencing.

CONCLUSION

Biogas laden with H2S concentrations ranging from 2500 to 10 000 ppmv was successfully desulfurized in the fully aerobic two‐step process presented. High and stable removal performance was achieved even after a long‐term shutdown period. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Cost‐effectiveness of minimally invasive pancreatic resection
Authors: Joechle Katharina , Conrad Claudius
Published: June 2018

While clinical outcomes of minimally invasive pancreatic resection (MIPR) compared to open surgery are well examined, only few studies focus on its associated cost. The aim of this study is to evaluate cost analyses comparing MIPR to open pancreatic resection (OPR). A systematic review of the literature using PubMed of all published studies between 2000 and 2017 was performed. Studies reporting on cost of laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP) and laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD) compared to open surgery were identified. Fourteen studies were included, eight that reported a cost comparison between LDP and open surgery and six that compared costs between LPD and open surgery. For both, LDP and LPD, operative costs were higher due to higher costs for surgical equipment. Reports suggest that lower postoperative costs for LDP and LPD could balance out the operative costs resulting in overall decreased costs for the laparoscopic compared to the open approach. Recent results show a positive trend towards cost savings for MIPR. To assess the overall benefit of MIPR compared to OPR comprehensive cost analyses and long‐term quality outcomes need to be investigated.
The evolution of underwater flight: The redistribution of pectoral fin rays, in manta rays and their relatives (Myliobatidae)
Authors: Hall Kayla C. , Hundt Peter J. , Swenson John D. , Summers Adam P. , Crow Karen D.
Published: June 2018

Batoids are a diverse clade of flat cartilaginous fishes that occur primarily in benthic marine habitats. The skates and rays typically use their flexible pectoral fins for feeding and propulsion via undulatory swimming. However, two groups of rays have adopted a pelagic or bentho‐pelagic lifestyle and utilize oscillatory swimming—the Myliobatidae and Gymnuridae. The myliobatids have evolved cephalic lobes, anteriorly extended appendages that are optimized for feeding, while their pectoral fins exhibit several modifications that likely arose in association with functional optimization of pelagic cruising via oscillatory flight. Here, we examine variation in fin ray distribution and ontogenetic timing of fin ray development in batoid pectoral fins in an evolutionary context using the following methods: radiography, computed tomography, dissections, and cleared and stained specimens. We propose an index for characterizing variation in the distribution of pectoral fin rays. While undulatory swimmers exhibit symmetry or slight anterior bias, we found a posterior shift in the distribution of fin rays that arose in two distinct lineages in association with oscillatory swimming. Undulatory and oscillatory swimmers occupy nonoverlapping morphospace with respect to fin ray distribution illustrating significant remodeling of pectoral fins in oscillatory swimmers. Further, we describe a derived skeletal feature in anterior pectoral fins of the Myliobatidae that is likely associated with optimization of oscillatory swimming. By examining the distribution of fin rays with clearly defined articulation points, we were able to infer evolutionary trends and body plan remodeling associated with invasion of the pelagic environment. Finally, we found that the number and distribution of fin rays is set early in development in the little skate, round stingray, and cownose ray, suggesting that fin ray counts from specimens after birth or hatching are representative of adults and therefore comparable among species.
When Breaking the Rules Relates to Creativity: The Role of Creative Problem‐Solving Demands and Organizational Constraints
Authors: Petrou Paraskevas , van der Linden Dimitri , Salcescu Oana Catalina
Published: June 2018

Drawing on theoretical views of creative deviance, the present study hypothesized that employees with a tendency to break rules are more creative at their jobs (Hypothesis 1). Furthermore, we expected that this is particularly the case when employees face high problem‐solving demands (i.e., they are expected to be creative) but at the same time they face high organizational constraints (e.g., they are not given the resources they need in order to be creative; Hypothesis 2). To test these expectations, we conducted a cross‐sectional survey study (Study 1) and a daily diary survey study (Study 2) among employees from different occupational groups. Study 1 provided evidence that employee rule‐breaking is related to other‐rated employee creativity. Study 2 replicated this finding with a day‐level measure of self‐rated employee creativity. Furthermore, multilevel regression analyses revealed that the link is stronger when day‐level problem‐solving demands and organizational constraints are both high. Our findings contribute to the literature by providing empirical support to hardly examined propositions, namely, that non‐compliant behaviors (i.e., rule‐breaking) and obstacles (i.e., organizational constraints) may, in fact, boost creativity. Finally, suggestions for practice are made, recognizing the challenges posed to management in regulating employee rule‐breaking.
Label‐free and non‐invasive BS‐SERS detection of liver cancer based on the solid device of silver nanofilm
Authors: Liu Renming , Xiong Yang , Guo Yan , Si Minzhen , Tang Weiyue
Published: June 2018

Rapid and accurate diagnosis of cancers at early stage is clearly desirable, because it provides possibilities to cure the cancers in next treatments. Cancers at early stage usually occur and develop at a molecule level; however, it remains challenging for traditional methods to screen them timely. Here, the capability of using human blood serum surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (BS‐SERS) spectroscopy for label‐free, non‐invasive detection of liver cancer at the molecule level is presented. By using the solid device of silver nanofilms, we performed human BS‐SERS measurements of 40 liver cancer patients and 40 healthy controls and demonstrated a promising diagnostic algorithm for liver cancer detection based on the method of multivariate statistical analysis. The principal components analysis combined with independent sample t test were performed on these BS‐SERS spectral data, separating the cancerous samples from the normal ones with high‐diagnostic sensitivity of ~95.0% and diagnostic specificity of ~97.6%, respectively. This study demonstrates great potential in applications of label‐free, non‐invasive, and rapid human BS‐SERS detection for liver cancer at the molecule level.
Desmoplastic small round cell tumor: A nationwide study of a rare sarcoma
Authors: Stiles Zachary E. , Dickson Paxton V. , Glazer Evan S. , Murphy Andrew J. , Davidoff Andrew M. , Behrman Stephen W. , Bishop Michael W. , Martin Michael G. , Deneve Jeremiah L.
Published: June 2018

Background and Objectives

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare peritoneal surface malignancy. Current research is limited by the scarcity of this disease.

Methods

Patients with DSRCT were identified in the 2004‐2014 NCDB. Factors affecting overall survival (OS) were assessed. Additionally, trends were examined based on the volume of cases treated at individual facilities.

Results

A total of 125 patients were identified with a median age of 21 (IQR 15‐27). Six had extra‐abdominal disease and 15 (12%) had liver involvement. Median OS was 28 months. Systemic chemotherapy (HR 0.4, P = 0.015) and surgery (HR 0.6, P = 0.047) were associated with reduced mortality. For the 74 patients undergoing surgery, absence of liver involvement and receipt of postoperative chemotherapy were associated with improved OS on univariate analysis. On multivariable analysis, two factors approached significance: adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with a reduced risk of mortality (HR 0.3, P = 0.073) and residual macroscopic disease after resection correlated with increased risk of mortality (HR 5.3, P = 0.071). High‐volume facilities (≥5 cases) experienced improved OS (median 59.1 vs 28.8 months), albeit not significantly (P = 0.135), compared to low‐volume centers.

Conclusion

Despite multimodal treatment, DSRCT is associated with dismal outcomes. Facilities familiar with treating this uncommon disease may experience superior outcomes.
The association of renal cell carcinoma with gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Authors: Mendonca Shawn J. , Sanchez Alejandro , Blum Kyle A. , Ghanaat Mazyar , Kashan Mahyar Y. , Benfante Nicole , Russo Paul , Coleman Jonathan A. , Crago Aimee M. , Hakimi A. Ari
Published: June 2018

Background and Objectives

Prior small studies have reported a possible association between renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). In the largest known series, our objective was to describe the prevalence of RCC among patients with GISTs over 26 years at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed MSKCC's prospectively maintained sarcoma and RCC databases and identified all patients with both RCC and GIST between 1980 and 2016. Demographic and clinicopathological characteristics were obtained.

Results

A total of 9/405 (2.2%) GIST patients were identified with RCC, with a mean follow‐up of 9.2 (range 3.8‐28.4) years. Five out of nine (55.6%) patients had RCC and GIST diagnosis within 6 months of each other. Mean RCC tumor size was 3.0 (range 1.8‐8) cm and 8/9 (88.9%) patients were RCC stage 1. A total of 4/9 (44.4%) patients had papillary RCC (pRCC) histology, 5/9 (55.6%) had additional alternative malignancies, and 4/9 (44.4%) had primary small bowel GIST.

Conclusions

Our series suggests a possible association of RCC with GISTs. In addition, we found a high frequency of pRCC histology, alternative malignancies, and small bowel GISTs in co‐occurring RCC‐GIST patients. Further investigation to identify genetic mutations, in this population, would assist in surveillance and treatment.
Resection of retroperitoneal sarcoma en‐bloc with inferior vena cava: 20 year outcomes of a single institution
Authors: Blair Alex B. , Reames Bradley N. , Singh Jasvinder , Gani Faiz , Overton Heidi N. , Beaulieu Robert J. , Lum Ying W. , Black James H. , Johnston Fabian M. , Ahuja Nita
Published: June 2018

Background

Margin negative resection offers the best chance of long‐term survival in retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS). En‐bloc resection of adjacent structures, including the inferior vena cava (IVC), is often required to achieve negative margins. We review our 20‐year experience of en‐bloc IVC and RPS resection.

Methods

Retrospective review of patients with RPS resection involving the IVC were matched 1:3 by age and histology to RPS without IVC resection. Prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) were assessed.

Results

Thirty‐two patients underwent RPS resection en‐bloc with IVC. They were matched with 96 cases of RPS without IVC resection. Median OS of 59 months and DFS 18 months in IVC resection group was comparable to RPS resection without vascular involvement: median OS 65 months, DFS 18 months (P = 0.519, P = 0.604). On multivariate analyses, R2 margin (OS: HR = 6.52 [95%CI: 1.18‐36.09], P = 0.032) was associated with inferior OS. R2 margin and increased number of organs resected (DFS: HR = 5.07, [1.15‐22.27], P = 0.031, HR = 1.28 [1.01‐1.62], P = 0.014) were associated with inferior DFS. Reconstructions included graft (n = 19, 59%), patch (n = 4, 13%), primary repair (n = 6, 19%), and ligation (n = 4, 13%).

Conclusions

RPS resection en‐bloc with IVC can achieve equivalent rates of DFS and OS to patients without vascular involvement.
Are there limits of robotic partial nephrectomy? TRIFECTA outcomes of open and robotic partial nephrectomy for completely endophytic renal tumors
Authors: Harke Nina N. , Mandel Philipp , Witt Jorn H. , Wagner Christian , Panic Andrej , Boy Anselm , Roosen Alexander , Ubrig Burkhard , Schneller Andreas , Schiefelbein Frank , Wagener Nina , Honeck Patrick , Schoen Georg , Hadaschik Boris , Michel Maurice S. , Kriegmair Maximilian C.
Published: June 2018

Background

To compare the outcomes of robot‐assisted (RAPN) and open partial nephrectomy (OPN) for completely endophytic renal tumors.

Methods

Consecutive patients undergoing OPN or RAPN for entirely endophytic tumors in four high‐volume centers between 2008 and 2016 were identified. Endophytic masses were identified based on sectional imaging. Patient characteristics and surgical outcome were compared using Mann‐Whitney‐U‐test and chi‐squared‐tests. Uni‐ and multivariate analyses were performed to identify predictors of TRIFECTA achievement and excisional volume loss.

Results

Out of 1128 patients, 10.9% (64) of RAPN and 13.9% (76) of OPN underwent surgery for entirely endophytic tumors. Operative time was longer for RAPN (169 vs 140 min, P = 0.03) while ischemia time was shorter (13 vs 18 min, P = 0.001). Complication rates were comparable (21% OPN vs 22% RAPN, P = 0.91) and TRIFECTA achievement was not different between the groups (68% OPN vs 75% RAPN, P = 0.39). In multivariate analyses type of surgery was not associated with TRIFECTA achievement or excisional volume loss. Here, only tumor complexity (OR 0.48, P = 0.001) and size (OR 1.01, P = 0.002) were independent predictors.

Conclusion

For entirely endophytic tumors, both RAPN and OPN offer good TRIFECTA achievement. This encourages the use of NSS even for these highly complex tumors using the surgeon's preferred approach.
Checkpoint blockade in esophagogastric cancer
Authors: Cohen Noah A. , Strong Vivian E. , Janjigian Yelena Y.
Published: June 2018

There are few effective treatment options for metastatic esophagogastric adenocarcinomas after progression on second‐line chemotherapy. Immune checkpoint blockade therapy is a promising treatment strategy for selected advanced esophagogastric cancer, and the PD‐1 inhibitor pembrolizumab has recently been approved for metastatic or recurrent gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer that has progressed beyond second‐line systemic therapy. We review the current data supporting immune checkpoint blockade therapy in advanced esophagogastric adenocarcinoma.
Hormone receptors analysis in Chinese patients with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
Authors: Meng Tian , Shi Xiao‐hua , Wu Sha‐fei , Luo Yu‐feng , Wang Xiao‐jun , Long Xiao
Published: June 2018

Background and Objectives

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a relatively rare skin tumor. Clinical observations indicated that DFSP has a more aggressive behavior during pregnancy, which suggest there might be a hormonal influence on this tumor. We evaluated the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) in DFSP patients.

Methods

In our present case series, patients with histopathological‐confirmed DFSP at a single institution were identified. The clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemical data were gathered for each patient. Expression of ER and PR were determined on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue sections using immunohistochemistry. Some objective clinical and pathological indicators were then selected to compare between ER and PR status.

Results

Immunoreactivity revealed none of these tumors stained positively for ER, while eight tumors (28.6%) stained positively for PR. There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of tumor location between the PR‐positive/negative groups.

Conclusions

This finding suggests that progesterone may have potential effects in growth of DFSPs. Further studies are needed to fully address this question.
A collaborative surgical approach to upper and lower abdominal cytoreductive surgery in ovarian cancer
Authors: Eng Oliver S. , Raoof Mustafa , Blakely Andrew M. , Yu Xian , Lee Stephen J. , Han Ernest S. , Wakabayashi Mark T. , Yuh Bertram , Lee Byrne , Dellinger Thanh H.
Published: June 2018

Background and Objectives

Cytoreductive surgery with complete macroscopic resection in patients with ovarian cancer is associated with improved survival. Institutional reports of combined upper and lower abdominal cytoreductive surgery for more advanced disease have described multidisciplinary approaches. We sought to investigate outcomes in patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery in patients with upper and lower abdominal disease at our institution.

Methods

Patients who underwent cytoreductive surgery for ovarian malignancies from 2008 to 2015 were retrospectively identified from an institutional database. Upper abdominal cytoreduction was defined anatomically as debulking of disease proximal to the ligament of Treitz. Perioperative outcomes were analyzed.

Results

A total of 258 operations were performed, the majority for serous ovarian carcinoma (70%). The gynecologic oncologist was the primary surgeon and often assisted by either a surgical oncology fellow and/or attending. In operations with combined upper and lower abdominal cytoreduction, patients were more likely to have an American society of anesthesiologists physical status classification system (ASA) of 3, peritoneal implants, and liver/spleen metastases. Preoperative chemotherapy and optimal cytoreduction were similar between groups. Perioperative morbidity and mortality were not significantly different between groups.

Conclusions

A collaborative surgical approach to combined upper and lower abdominal cytoreductive surgery in patients with ovarian cancer should be performed, if needed, to achieve an optimal cytoreduction.
High cyclin A expression, but not Ki67, is associated with early recurrence in desmoid tumors
Authors: Santti Kirsi , Ihalainen Hanna , Rönty Mikko , Böhling Tom , Karlsson Christina , Haglund Caj , Tarkkanen Maija , Blomqvist Carl
Published: June 2018

Background and Objectives

Desmoid tumors are soft‐tissue tumors originating from myofibroblasts with a tendency to recur after surgery. High expression of proliferation markers is associated with shortened progression‐free and/or overall survival in many neoplasms, including soft‐tissue sarcomas. We investigated the prognostic role of cyclin A and Ki67 in desmoid tumors by immunohistochemistry.

Methods

The study included 76 patients with desmoid tumor operated at Helsinki University Hospital between 1987 and 2011. A tissue micro array (TMA) was constructed and the TMA sections were immunostained with cyclin A and Ki67 antibodies. A computer‐assisted image analysis was performed.

Results

Cyclin A expression was evaluable in 74 and Ki67 in 70 patients. Cyclin A immunopositivity varied from 0% to 9.9%, with a mean of 1.9%. Cyclin A expression correlated significantly with Ki67. Cyclin A expression was associated with recurrence‐free survival (HR 1.9, 95% CI = 1.1‐3.2, P = .02), as were positive margin (HR 6.0, 95% CI = 1.6‐22.5, P = .008) and extremity location (HR 5.3, 95% CI = 1.7‐16.8, P = 0.005). Ki67 immunopositivity varied from 0.33% to 13.8%, with a mean of 4.6%, but had no significant prognostic impact (HR 1.1, P = .2).

Conclusions

Our study indicates that cyclin A may be a new prognostic biomarker in surgically treated desmoid tumors.
Solid‐phase microextraction based on an agarose‐chitosan‐multiwalled carbon nanotube composite film combined with HPLC–UV for the determination of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in aqueous samples
Authors: Wan Ibrahim Wan Nazihah , Sanagi Mohd Marsin , Mohamad Hanapi Nor Suhaila , Kamaruzaman Sazlinda , Yahaya Noorfatimah , Wan Ibrahim Wan Aini
Published: June 2018

We describe the preparation, characterization, and application of a composite film adsorbent based on blended agarose‐chitosan‐multiwalled carbon nanotubes for the preconcentration of selected nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in aqueous samples before determination by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The composite film showed a high surface area (4.0258 m2/g) and strong hydrogen bonding between the multiwalled carbon nanotubes and agarose/chitosan matrix, which prevent adsorbent deactivation and ensure long‐term stability. Several parameters, such as sample pH, addition of salt, extraction time, desorption solvent, and concentration of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in the composite film were optimized using a one‐factor‐at‐time approach. The optimum extraction conditions obtained were as follows: isopropanol as conditioning solvent, 10 mL of sample solution at pH 2, extraction time of 30 min, stirring speed of 600 rpm, 100 μL of isopropanol as desorption solvent, desorption time of 5 min under ultrasonication, and 0.4% w/v of composite film. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration curve showed good linearity in the range of 1–500 ng/mL (r2 = 0.997–0.999), and good limits of detection (0.89–8.05 ng/mL) were obtained with good relative standard deviations of < 4.59% (n = 3) for the determination of naproxen, diclofenac sodium salt, and mefenamic acid drugs.
Determination of N‐nitrosamines in cosmetic products by vortex‐assisted reversed‐phase dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry
Authors: Miralles Pablo , Chisvert Alberto , Salvador Amparo
Published: June 2018

A new analytical method for the simultaneous determination of trace levels of seven prohibited N‐nitrosamines (N‐nitrosodimethylamine, N‐nitrosoethylmethylamine, N‐nitrosopyrrolidine, N‐nitrosodiethylamine, N‐nitrosopiperidine, N‐nitrosomorpholine, and N‐nitrosodiethanolamine) in cosmetic products has been developed. The method is based on vortex‐assisted reversed‐phase dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction, which allows the extraction of highly polar compounds, followed by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. The variables involved in the extraction process were studied to obtain the highest enrichment factor. Under the selected conditions, 75 μL of water as extraction solvent was added to 5 mL of n‐hexane sample solution and assisted by vortex mixing during 30 s to form the cloudy solution. The method was successfully validated showing good linearity (0.5–50 ng/mL), enrichment factors up to 65 depending on the target compound, limits of detection values of 1.8–50 ng/g, and good repeatability (RSD < 9.8%). Finally, the proposed method was applied to different cosmetic samples. Quantitative relative recovery values (80–113%) were obtained, thus showing that matrix effects were negligible. The achieved analytical features of the proposed method, besides of its simplicity and affordability, make it useful to perform the quality control of cosmetic products to ensure the safety of consumers.
Stakeholder trust in a state wildlife agency
Authors: Riley Shawn J. , Ford J. Kevin , Triezenberg Heather A. , Lederle Patrick E.
Published: June 2018

Trust in science and government regulatory agencies (e.g., state wildlife agencies) is a growing issue among wildlife managers and administrators who are attempting to engage stakeholders and develop effective, public wildlife conservation. However, a paucity of research has investigated attributes affecting stakeholder trust in wildlife agencies. We proposed a theoretical model of 2 key factors that can affect levels of trust: procedural fairness and technical competency. We used structured equation modeling to examine the influence of these factors on trust in a state wildlife agency by a prominent wildlife stakeholder, licensed hunters ≥18 years old. We tested the model with results from a mail‐back questionnaire (n = 2,708 respondents, 39.6% response rate) about trust in the Michigan Department of Natural Resources’ Wildlife Division. The respondent population closely reflected Michigan's population of hunting license‐holders regarding demographic and geographic composition. The modified measurement model fit the data well, supporting the uniqueness of the procedural fairness, technical competency, and trust measures. The test of the structural model indicted that stakeholder perceptions of procedural fairness and technical competence exhibited by agency personnel positively influenced trust; however, the coefficient for procedural fairness was nearly 4 times greater than that of perceived technical competence of personnel. Perceived congruency of values between stakeholders and the agency was the most important modifier of the relationship of fairness and competency on trust. Our findings identify influential pathways wildlife professionals generally and state wildlife agencies specifically can take to strengthen stakeholders’ trust and confidence in their agencies. The complexity of public wildlife management ensures that there always will be factors affecting trust in state wildlife agencies for which agencies can do little about. Yet, development of decisions processes perceived by stakeholders to be fair and transparent and investment in agency personnel with skills in stakeholder engagement likely will be effective ways to foster trust and confidence in state wildlife agencies. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Photocaged PNIPAM: A Light Tunable Thermal Responsive Polymer
Authors: He Lirong , Vibhagool Soravis , Zhao Hui , Hoven Voravee , Theato Patrick
Published: June 2018

Photocaged poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM)s, copolymers consisting of N‐isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM) and N‐isopropyl‐N‐(2‐nitrobenzyl) acrylamide, are prepared by free radical polymerization. Upon UV irradiation, the hydrophobic o‐nitrobenzyl group is cleaved, which subsequently releases the caged NH group and generates more hydrogen bonds with water. As a result, the lower critical solution temperature of caged PNIPAM can be obtained as a function of the photolysis degree of o‐nitrobenenzyl caged amides.
Self‐Healing Latex Containing Polyelectrolyte Multilayers
Authors: Cui Xiaoyu , Zhang Chi , Camilo Rendon P. , Zhang Huan , Cobaj Anisa , Soucek Mark D. , Zacharia Nicole S.
Published: June 2018

Self‐healing paints would have the potential benefit of protecting the underlying substrate and extending the coating's service life. As a step toward those types of coatings, this work examines layer‐by‐layer films of branched poly(ethylene imine)/poly(acrylic acid) with the inclusion of various types of latex particles with different Tg and different compositions. Due to high mobility of the polyelectrolyte chains when plasticized with water, water enabled self‐healing of these films is demonstrated, as well as steam enabled self‐healing. The films with various latex particles show different swelling ratios, surface hydrophilicity, as well as varying ability to self‐heal scratches. This self‐healing property is studied as a function of temperature. Also, the mechanical properties such as hardness and modulus of the films are measured.
Strong, Healable, and Recyclable Composite Paper Made from a Codispersion of Carbon Nanotube and Sulfonated Graphenal Polymer
Authors: Liang Linjie , Zhang Xiaohua , Zhang Xin , Zhao Jingna , Wu Jian , Liang Liyuan , Zhang Wei , Men Chuanling , Li Qingwen
Published: June 2018

The large surface area and rich functional groups of a 2D nanostructure, sulfonated graphenal polymer (SGP), provide a new strategy to assist the dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), far better than the dispersing ability of graphene oxide and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate. The efficient codispersion of CNTs and SGP facilitate the fabrication of composite buckypapers with wide‐range tunable fractions of CNT, SGP, and polymer, like poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), making it possible to search out the most optimal structure in the fraction space of the constituents. The globally strongest buckypaper is obtained at a CNT:SGP:PVA mass ratio of 7:3:10. Owing to the super hydrophilicity of SGP, and the hydrophilic characteristics of PVA as well, the composite structure can be reassembled with the aid of water, resulting in easy removal of creases and efficient cut heal/repair to broken papers. The healed papers can exhibit about 80% recovery of the tensile strength. Furthermore, just by mechanical stirring, the composite buckypaper can be redissolved in water for a totally green recycling reuse.
Silica‐Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles Carrying a High‐Density Polymer Brush Shell of Hydrophilic Polymer
Authors: Cai Yingying , Peng Wentao , Demeshko Serhiy , Tian Jia , Vana Philipp
Published: June 2018

Integrating the properties of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) and high‐density polymer brushes in one structure requires sophisticated synthetic designs and effective chemical approaches. A simple and versatile strategy for the fabrication of hydrophilic‐polymer‐capped magnetite‐core‐silica‐shell nanohybrids with well‐defined structure employing reverse microemulsion technique and reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is presented. The high‐density polymer brush allows precise patterning of the magnetic nanohybrids with a tunable interparticle distance ranging from 20 nm to 80 nm by controlling the polymer size. The high structural precision provides a near stand‐alone state of the MNPs in the nanohybrids with effectively inhibited magnetic interaction, as shown by superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) measurements.
New strategies in achieving antiangiogenic effect: Multiplex inhibitors suppressing compensatory activations of RTKs
Authors: Shan Yuanyuan , Wang Binghe , Zhang Jie
Published: June 2018

Pathological angiogenesis plays a crucial role in malignant neoplasia. Vascular normalization has been confirmed as a promising strategy to promote chemotherapy efficacy. However, compensatory activation of alternative angiogenic receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) reduces vascular normalization and induces resistance. Moreover, complexity and heterogeneity of angiogenesis make it difficult to treat with single‐target agents. Accordingly, it has been proposed that multiplex inhibition of RTKs could enhance treatment efficacy and overcome resistance on the basis of the vascular normalization concept. Meanwhile, it is feasible to develop multiplex inhibitors against VEGFR‐2/Tie‐2/EphB4 because of their highly conserved ATP‐binding pockets. These inhibitors possess the properties of not only stabilizing the vascular normalization “time window” but also preventing the occurrence of resistance. This novel strategy has yielded promising results in the discovery of antiangiogenic agents. This review highlights the recent progress on the development of such angiogenesis inhibitors.
Schrödinger operators with interactions on unbounded hypersurfaces
Authors: Rabinovich Vladimir
Published: June 2018

We consider Schrödinger operators H = −Δ + W + Ws on
with regular potentials
and singular potentials
with supports on unbounded enough smooth hypersurfaces Γ. In particular, we consider singular potentials that are linear combinations of δ−functions on Γ and its normal derivatives. We consider extensions of H as symmetric operators in
with domain
to self‐adjoint operators
in
. These extensions are realized as operators of transmission problems for −Δ + W in the space
with some transmission conditions on Γ. Applying this approach, we obtain an effective description of essential spectra of the described Schrödinger operators.
Optimal constrained polynomials approximation of hyperbolas based on Lupaş q‐Bézier curves
Authors: Han Xuli , Zhang Yali
Published: June 2018

This paper presents an explicit optimal polynomial for approximating the quadratic Lupaş q‐Bézier curve. We first prove that the quadratic Lupaş q‐Bézier curve represents a hyperbola or a parabola. Then we research the approximation of quadratic Lupaş q‐Bézier curves by polynomials. Since the denominator of quadratic Lupaş q‐Bézier curves is a linear function, the explicit optimal constrained approximation is obtained. Finally, some numerical examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Mathematical Modeling of the Molecular Weight Distribution in Low Density Polyethylene. I. Steady‐State Operation of Multizone Autoclave Reactors
Authors: López‐Carpy Bruno , Saldívar‐Guerra Enrique , Zapata‐González Iván , García‐Franco César
Published: June 2018

A comprehensive mathematical model and an efficient strategy for its solution are presented to describe the complete molecular weight distribution (MWD) in the free‐radical polymerization for the production of low density polyethylene (LDPE) in continuous stirred tank reactors at steady state. The kinetic scheme includes all the relevant reactions that affect the MWD. The solution for the complete MWD is given as explicit algebraic expressions that are solved sequentially taking advantage of the algebraic structure of the equations; the strategy can simulate LDPE multizone autoclave reactors in a simple and straightforward manner. No approximation for the moment's closure is used. Model simulations reasonably match average molecular weight data from an industrial plant, as well as results from the POLYRED software. A parameter sensitivity study for key kinetic constants shows that the MWD polydispersity is predominantly affected by the transfer to polymer rate constant. The solution is applied to linear, topological and mechanical chain‐scission mechanisms.
The iron chelator deferasirox synergises with chemotherapy to treat triple‐negative breast cancers
Authors: Tury Sandrine , Assayag Franck , Bonin Florian , Chateau‐Joubert Sophie , Servely Jean‐Luc , Vacher Sophie , Becette Véronique , Caly Martial , Rapinat Audrey , Gentien David , de la Grange Pierre , Schnitzler Anne , Lallemand François , Marangoni Elisabetta , Bièche Ivan , Callens Céline
Published: June 2018

To ensure their high proliferation rate, tumor cells have an iron metabolic disorder causing them to have increased iron needs, making them more susceptible to iron deprivation. This vulnerability could be a therapeutic target. In breast cancers, the development of new therapeutic approaches is urgently needed for patients with triple‐negative tumors, which frequently relapse after chemotherapy and suffer from a lack of targeted therapies. In this study, we demonstrated that deferasirox (DFX) synergises with standard chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin, cisplatin and carboplatin to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis and autophagy in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Moreover, the combination of DFX with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide delayed recurrences in breast cancer patient‐derived xenografts without increasing the side‐effects of chemotherapies alone or altering the global iron storage of mice. Antitumor synergy of DFX and doxorubicin seems to involve downregulation of the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase and nuclear factor‐κB pathways. Iron deprivation in combination with chemotherapy could thus help to improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy in TNBC patients without increasing toxicity. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BRCA1‐associated mammary tumorigenesis is dependent on estrogen rather than progesterone signaling
Authors: van de Ven Marieke , Liu Xiaoling , van der Burg Eline , Klarenbeek Sjoerd , Alexi Xanthippi , Zwart Wilbert , Dijcks Fred , Bouwman Peter , Jonkers Jos
Published: June 2018

Hereditary breast cancers in BRCA1 mutation carriers are mostly estrogen receptor α (ERα)‐negative and progesterone receptor (PR)‐negative; however, hormone depletion via bilateral oophorectomy does result in a marked reduction in breast cancer risk, suggesting that BRCA1‐associated breast tumorigenesis is dependent on hormone signaling. We used geneticaly engineered mouse models to determine the individual influences of ERα and PR signaling on the development of BRCA1‐deficient breast cancer. In line with the human data, BRCA1‐deficient mouse mammary tumors are ERα‐negative, and bilateral ovariectomy leads to abrogation of mammary tumor development. Hormonal replacement experiments in ovariectomized mice showed that BRCA1‐deficient mammary tumor formation is promoted by estrogen but not by progesterone. In line with these data, mammary tumorigenesis was significantly delayed by the selective ERα downregulator fulvestrant, but not by the selective PR antagonist Org33628. Together, our results illustrate that BRCA1‐associated tumorigenesis is dependent on estrogen signaling rather than on progesterone signaling, and call into question the utility of PR antagonists as a tumor prevention strategy for BRCA1 mutation carriers. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cyclophilin B induces chemoresistance by degrading wild‐type p53 via interaction with MDM2 in colorectal cancer
Authors: Choi Tae Gyu , Nguyen Minh Nam , Kim Jieun , Jo Yong Hwa , Jang Miran , Nguyen Ngoc Ngo Yen , Yun Hyeong Rok , Choe Wonchae , Kang Insug , Ha Joohun , Tang Dean G , Kim Sung Soo
Published: June 2018

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Chemoresistance is a major problem for effective therapy in CRC. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which peptidylprolyl isomerase B (PPIB; cyclophilin B, CypB) regulates chemoresistance in CRC. We found that CypB is a novel wild‐type p53 (p53WT)‐inducible gene but a negative regulator of p53WT in response to oxaliplatin treatment. Overexpression of CypB shortens the half‐life of p53WT and inhibits oxaliplatin‐induced apoptosis in CRC cells, whereas knockdown of CypB lengthens the half‐life of p53WT and stimulates p53WT‐dependent apoptosis. CypB interacts directly with MDM2, and enhances MDM2‐dependent p53WT ubiquitination and degradation. Furthermore, we firmly validated, using bioinformatics analyses, that overexpression of CypB is associated with poor prognosis in CRC progression and chemoresistance. Hence, we suggest a novel mechanism of chemoresistance caused by overexpressed CypB, which may help to develop new anti‐cancer drugs. We also propose that CypB may be utilized as a predictive biomarker in CRC patients. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Safe Use of Vasopressin and Angiotensin II for Patients with Circulatory Shock
Authors: Bauer Seth R. , Sacha Gretchen L. , Lam Simon W.
Published: June 2018

Circulatory shock is a medical emergency that requires rapid intervention to optimize patient outcomes. Although catecholamine vasopressors are considered life‐sustaining therapy, they are associated with adverse reactions, and vasopressin and angiotensin II may be used to minimize these adverse effects. However, vasopressin and angiotensin II are also associated with adverse reactions that must be known to the clinician to mitigate risk for patients. This review focuses on the known adverse drug effects of vasopressin and angiotensin II while offering potential solutions to minimize harm with these agents. Future directions with vasoactive medication safety including optimization of the electronic medical record, clinical decision support, prediction analytics, and precision medicine for patients with circulatory shock are also discussed.
Study of the partial wetting morphology in polylactide/poly[(butylene adipate)‐co‐terephthalate]/polyamide ternary blends: case of composite droplets
Authors: Fu Yang , Fodorean Gabriel , Navard Patrick , Peuvrel‐Disdier Edith
Published: June 2018

The prediction of the morphology of ternary polymer blends requires a good knowledge of the values of the three interfacial tensions. We selected three polymers, either biobased or biodegradable, polyamide (PA), poly[(butylene adipate)‐co‐terephthalate] (PBAT) and polylactide (PLA), and we accurately measured their interfacial tensions using the retraction method, varying the molar mass or inverting the phases. The following values of interfacial tension were obtained: γPBAT/PLA = 3.3 ± 0.7 mN m−1, γPA/PLA = 5.6 ± 0.3 mN m−1 and γPBAT/PA = 3.0 ± 0.4 mN m−1. These values were used to calculate the spreading coefficients giving rise to two negative coefficients and one coefficient close to zero. Ternary blends with various compositions, two different levels of viscosity for PBAT and different processing conditions were prepared. There was a very good agreement between the predictions of the spreading theory, when using the values of interfacial tension of the right order of magnitude, and the observed morphologies, whatever the polymer serving as a matrix. When PLA or PBAT was chosen as the matrix, the ternary blend morphology was composed of composite droplets, presenting a partial wetting morphology, dispersed in the polymer matrix. This morphology was observed whatever the composition, the viscosity of the PBAT phase and the processing conditions. A further calculation of the free energy confirmed this morphology. The formation process of this semi‐encapsulated morphology was observed during blending. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Revealing the beneficial role of K in grain interiors, grain boundaries, and at the buffer interface for highly efficient CuInSe2 solar cells
Authors: Muzzillo Christopher P. , Poplawsky Jonathan D. , Tong Ho Ming , Guo Wei , Anderson Tim
Published: June 2018

K incorporation within grain boundaries, grain interiors, and interfaces has been studied within CuInSe2 solar cells to better understand the beneficial or detrimental role of K distribution among these regions in chalcopyrite‐based solar cells. Solar cells have been fabricated with intentional K introduction into specific regions of the device including the CuInSe2/CdS interface (CuInSe2/KInSe2/CdS) and the grain interiors (Cu0.93K0.07InSe2/CdS). A control CuInSe2/CdS device was also studied to separate effects of K originating from the soda‐lime glass substrate from those of intentionally introduced K. The experiment was designed to understand K effects in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells while mitigating complications from multiple elements in the 3+ site. The distribution of all elements within these samples has been directly observed with sub‐nm resolution via atom probe tomography. In addition, electron beam–induced current measurements have been performed to correlate the atom probe tomography compositional profiles to the nanoscale carrier collection properties. The experiments show that a large decrease in the Cu/In ratio at the CdS interface can be achieved by forming KInSe2 at the absorber surface, which drastically improves the device efficiency. The results presented here show a direct link between K concentration, Cu depletion, and In accumulation, such that the Cu/In ratio significantly reduces with K incorporation. The findings help clarify the mechanism behind K‐induced efficiency enhancement.