bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Student Learning Outcomes of Grade X SMK on the Exponential Material Based on Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Adawiyah Nur Rabiatul , Roza Yenita , Maimunah Maimunah
Published: January 2021

The level of emotional intelligence in students is different, and the learning outcomes obtained from the material are also different. This study was aimed to describe SMK Negeri 1 Mandau students' learning outcomes on the exponential material based on emotional intelligence. The analysis technique used was descriptive qualitative. The subjects analyzed in this study were class X APPS, with 34 students. The data collection's instruments used were questions in the form of essays related to the exponential material and emotional intelligence questionnaires. The study results were obtained from the questionnaires to show the three types of emotional intelligence categories in students; low, medium, and high categories. In varied learning outcomes, some students had a high level of emotional intelligence with satisfactory learning outcomes; some students with moderate emotional intelligence also had satisfactory learning outcomes; other students with moderate emotional intelligence acquired unsatisfactory learning outcomes.
Emergence of a Promiscuous Peroxidase Under Non-Equilibrium Conditions
Authors: Pal Sumit , Reja Antara , Bal Subhajit , Tikader Baishakhi , Kar Sandip , Das Dibyendu
Published: January 2021

In the far from equilibrium state of living matter, energy is consumed to fuel the metabolic networks of enzymatic reactions. The emergence of protometabolic pathways in primeval earth is intricately related to the evolutionary journey of modern enzymes. Fundamental understanding of such energy driven generation of early catalytic systems would help us recognize the conditions required for the minimal metabolism that predated the chemical emergence of life. Herein, we report substrate driven generation of a non-equilibrium catalytic machinery from a single amino acid functionalized fatty acid in presence of a cofactor hemin. The non-equilibrium assembled state showed acceleration of catalytic potential resulting in degradation of the substrate and subsequently led to disassembly. Controls that promoted equilibration could not access the three-dimensional microphases and showed substantially lower catalytic activity. Significantly, the assembled state showed latent catalytic function by hydrolysing a precursor to yield the same substrate. Consequently, the assembly was benefitted with augmented lifetime of the catalytic state exploiting a promiscuous cascade and thus foreshadowing protometabolism. The results contribute towards our understanding of energy driven generation of primitive catalytic machineries that assisted the minimal metabolism of early life.
SELF-COCEPT AND LOCUS OF CONTROL ATTRIBUTES AS COMPONENTS OF PERSONAL POTENTIAL
Authors: Бокуть Елена Леонидовна , Комарова Оксана Николаевна , Рассказова Алла Львовна , Решетникова Ольга Васильевна
Published: January 2021

Рассматриваются феномены самоотношения и локус контроля как важнейшие личностные ресурсы, способствующие успешности в деятельности и психологическому благополучию. Представлены результаты эмпирического исследования личностных особенностей студентов. В исследуемой выборке выявлены и описаны особенности показателей самоотношения студентов, выявлено преобладание экстернального общего типа локуса контроля. Даётся авторская интерпретация статистически значимых взаимосвязей заявленных особенностей личности. В исследовании принимали участие 147 студентов московских вузов. Сбор данных производился методом опроса с использованием опросника исследования самоотношения личности В.В. Столина, С.Р. Пантилеева и методики УСК Е.Ф. Бажина, Е.А. Голынкиной, Л.М. Эткинда с целью изучения локуса контроля личности. Полученные выводы могут быть полезны преподавателям вузов при обучении и воспитании юношей и девушек; психологам и психотерапевтам при подготовке тренинговых программ, при решении задач индивидуального и семейного консультирования. Материалы исследования могут послужить основой для разработки специальных курсов и семинаров для студентов.

The paper considers the notions of self-concept and the locus of control as the most important personal resources that contribute to success and psychological well-being. The results of the empirical study of students' personal characteristics such as self-concept and locus of control are presented. In the sample, the features of self-concept in students were identified and described, with the predominance of the external general type of locus of control revealed. The authors aim to overview and interpret the statistically significant relationship between the identified personality traits. 147 students of Moscow universities took part in the study. The data collection was carried out using a survey method based on Personality Self-Concept Test by V. Stolin & S. Pantileev, and Subjective Control Inventory by E. Bazhin, E. Golynkin & L. Etkind. The findings can be used by university teachers in teaching and upbringing young males and females, psychologists and psychotherapists in developing training programs, and also in individual and family counseling. The research materials can be used for developing option courses and seminars for university students.
ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF A HIGHER SCHOOL TEACHER᾽S PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT
Authors: Демиденко Надежда Николаевна , Жалагина Татьяна Анатольевна
Published: January 2021

Осуществлен анализ актуальных проблем психологического сопровождения развития профессионализма, определены объективные и субъективные причины запросов на психологическую помощь со стороны профессионала. Показано, что акценты практики психологического сопровождения преподавателя высшей школы должны быть смещены в сторону формирования универсальных компетенций субъекта труда. Выделен ключевой аспект общей проблемы сопровождения - отсутствие запроса со стороны преподавателей на видение перспективы личного профессионального развития, отсутствие четких представлений о личной профессиональной миссии и смысле профессионального бытия.

The article analyzes the actual problems of psychological support for the development of professionalism, identifies the objective and subjective reasons for requests for psychological assistance from a professional. It is shown that the emphasis of the practice of psychological support to a teacher of higher education should be shifted towards the formation of universal competencies of the subject of labor. The key aspect of the general problem of support is highlighted - the absence of a request from teachers for a vision of the prospects for personal professional development, the lack of clear ideas about the personal professional mission and the meaning of professional life.
FORMATION OF INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE OF FUTURE TEACHERS
Authors: Дильдина Наталья Александровна , Быстрай Елена Борисовна , Артеменко Борис Александрович , Евтушенко Ирина Николаевна , Белова Лариса Александровна
Published: January 2021

Рассматривается проблема подготовки будущих педагогов для системы общего образования, готовых к работе в условиях взаимодействия различных культур. Представлен практический опыт на примере реализации образовательной программы по направлению 44.03.05 Педагогическое образование (с двумя профилями подготовки), направленность (профиль) «Дошкольное образование. Иностранный язык». В качестве основы выстраивания образовательного процесса взята модель, предложенная М. Байрамом, выделившим пять компонентов: межкультурные отношения, знания, навыки интерпретации и связи, навыки открытия и взаимодействия и критическое культурное осознание. Авторами была разработана и реализована фреймовая структура дисциплины «Основы межкультурной коммуникации» в органичном синтезе с участием будущих педагогов в волонтерском движении. Мониторинг уровня сформированности межкультурной компетентности продемонстрировал позитивную динамику.

In this article, the authors consider the problem of training specialists for the general education system, ready to work in the conditions of interaction between different cultures. Practical experience is presented on the example of the implementation of the educational program in the direction 44.03.05 Pedagogical education (with two training profiles), the focus (profile) «Preschool education. Foreign language». As the basis for building the educational process, the model proposed by M. Bayram was taken, who identified five components: «intercultural attitudes», «knowledge», «skills of interpreting and relating», «skills of discovery and interaction» and «critical cultural awareness». The authors have developed and implemented the frame structure of the discipline «Fundamentals of Intercultural Communication» in an organic synthesis with the participation of future teachers in the volunteer movement. Monitoring of the level of formation of intercultural competence has shown positive dynamics.
Transformation of the conditions of socio-economic development of Azerbaijan in the post-pandemic period (by September 2020)
Authors: Chingiz Ismayilov
Published: January 2021

The global economic crisis and the spread of the pandemic virus in a short period have radically changed the world around people. The curtailment of production, the closure of different kinds of services, self-isolation, and the distribution of virtual contacts has become characteristic in the state of almost every country. Depending on the level of socio-economic development, not all countries are equally experiencing this difficult period of crisis in modern civilization. The spread of COVID-19 and the global economic crisis, accompanied by a sharp drop in oil prices, have had a significant impact on the socio-economic condition of the oil exporting countries. Azerbaijan, such a country facing these emerging problems, has taken steps to prevent the spread of the pandemic beyond the metropolitan region. Thanks to a balanced fiscal and monetary policy of the government, as well as the availability of sufficient foreign exchange reserves, the negative impact of the above factors has been minimized. The implementation of the oil strategy of the republic has created favorable conditions for the development of the non-oil sector of the economy. Participation in international transport and logistics projects contributed to the development of inter-district and intra-district transport infrastructures. An extensive network of transport and communication systems has favored the economic development of the regions of the republic. Despite the changing conditions of social economic development of the country, the process of creating infrastructure facilities continued. Of course, the new conditions have adjusted the implementation of state programs for the construction of new economic and socially significant facilities. Large financial deductions from the sovereign Oil Fund of the republic allowed for the shortest possible time to put into operation mobile hospitals, enterprises for the production of medical masks, as well as subsidies to support small and medium enterprises. The new picture more actualizes the development of the non-oil sector of the economy, especially the agricultural sectors. With this in mind, when developing a new strategy for the future development of the republic, one should take into account the lessons of the occurrence of previously unforeseen risks. This will mitigate the blow of new possible cataclysms and get out of the crisis situations with the least social and economic losses.
The Role of Micro-enterprises in Shaping the Social Security of the State. A Theoretical Analysis
Authors: Plecka Danuta , Wlazły Agnieszka
Published: January 2021

The article presents considerations regarding the functioning of micro enterprises on the market and their impact on the social security of the state. The concept of micro enterprise and social security has been explained in detail. Social security threats and the role of micro sector companies in shaping this area of state security were also discussed. The considerations highlighted the importance of small business in creating conditions for economic stability and development guarantees for local communities.
Appendix. The determinants of world wheat trade, 1963-2010: A gravity equation approach
Authors: González-Esteban Ángel Luis
Published: January 2021

Appendix to the article The determinants of world wheattrade, 1963-2010:A gravity equation approach (DOI 10.26882/histagrar.083e05g)
DEVELOPMENT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE OF STUDENTS OF INCLUSIVE CLASSES: RESOURCES OF «CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT» TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Skrypnyk Tetiana , Al-Khamisy Danuta , Martynchuk Olena , Biriukova Karina
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the issue of building an effective educational space with an inclusive form of education. We consider the teachers’ and students’ emotional intelligence as one of the important components of the effectiveness of a such space. Authors analysed various aspects of emotional intelligence as a factor of success in learning, social development of students, as well as methodological developments of researchers on the technology of «Classroom Management» in the context of forming certain features of emotional competence of secondary education students.
The main focus of our article is to systematize the resources of «Classroom Management» as a means of influencing the formation of inclusive classes pupils’ emotional intelligence as well as testing the effectiveness of this influence on each structural component of emotional intelligence. In our work we rely on the New multilevel model of emotional intelligence (Drigas & Papoutsi), which we modified in accordance with the psychological characteristics of primary school pupils. For each level of this Model we have selected methods of influence from the resource base of the technology «Class Management». Our study, which covers 6 grades of public and 5 grades of private schools, was conducted using methods: forecasting, surveys, semi-structured interviews, benchmarking, pedagogical experiment, product analysis, continuous expert coaching. Criteria for assessing the state of the educational space have been developed by experts based on groups of classroom management resources that contribute to the formation of pupils’ socio-emotional qualities. The pedagogical experiment lasted 8 months and consisted of purposeful training of teachers and continuous expert coaching of the educational process carried out by them. The results of the experiment show a positive trend in the competence of teachers in using environmental resources to form pupils’ emotional intelligence and build an atmosphere of emotional well-being in the classroom, which allows teachers to increase the technology of implementing effective and favourable for all participants educational process.
Türk ve Alman Turistleri Tatile İten ve Çeken Faktörlerin Analizi
Authors: TELLİOĞLU Salih
Published: January 2021

Turizmin giderek daha geniş bir alana yayılması ile birlikte kültürel farklılıkları anlamak ve bu bağlamda hedef pazarlar belirlemek turistik ülkeler için önemli hale gelmiştir. Bu farklılıklar destinasyon yöneticileri için önemli olmasının yanında araştırmacıların da ilgisini çeken bir konu olmuştur. Yapılan araştırmalar ile destinasyon özelliklerinin hangi pazar segmentine daha uygun olduğu tespit edilerek destinasyonlara hedef pazarlarını belirleyebilme imkanı sağlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Türk ve Alman turistlerden 198 adet anket toplanmış ve her iki milliyetin seyahat motivasyonları itme ve çekme teorisi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. İtme ve çekme motivasyon öğelerinin boyutlarını belirlemek için faktör analizi kullanılmış ve faktör analizi sonuçlarına göre de dört itme ve beş çekme faktör boyutu ortaya çıkmıştır. Hem itme hem de çekme faktörlerde Alman turistlerin önem ortalamalarının Türk turistlere göre daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca itme ve çekme faktörlerinin milliyetlere göre önemli ölçüde farklılaştığı belirlenmiştir.
ANECDOTES AND CONTOURS OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA
Authors: Thakur Gopal Krishna
Published: January 2021

Higher education is considered as an invaluable instrument for the sustainable development of human being and society through a dynamic process of creation, advancement, and dissemination of knowledge. In a fast developing country like India the role of higher education assume utmost importance. Universities have a pivotal role in realizing this goal. Our higher education system has had a glorious past in the form of world-class universities like Nalanda, Vikramsila, and Taxila, which attracted students and intellectuals from all over the world those days. However, in the present time we are lagging far behind in terms of qualitative education and research. This necessitates a serious concern and introspection to look into the nuances and flaws of our system that make our higher education system stand at where it is now. This paper, based on the analysis of various reports and Govt. documents, discusses some of the issues, which are at the core of the main concerns pertaining to higher education in India. Taking a snapshot of the historical trajectory of higher education system in India to the present time, this paper presents an overview of the higher education system in India and points out some most relevant concerns troubling the issue at the core.
CONSUMERS’ PREFERENCE ANALYSIS TOWARDS ENGLISH COURSES IN BANDUNG (A STUDY ON HIGH-SCHOOL STUDENTS IN BANDUNG)
Authors: Hariwan Peggy , Esfandari DiahAgung , Pagita Rhea
Published: January 2021

This study examines the consumer preferences of English Course in Bandung. The object of this study are English courses in Bandung with the attributes of teaching methods, location, number of students, and the type of program. This study examines the attributes that the most considered by consumers in choosing an English Course in Bandung and also can provide a recommendation for an English Course in Bandung related to offering the course as desired by the consumer. This type of research used in this study is a descriptive study using quantitative methods. The population in this study are students in senior high school in Bandung with samples taken 100 respondents using purposive sampling technique. Data analysis techniques used in this study is conjoint analysis to obtain a utility score and importance score that of the scores can be deduced about what the most is considered by consumer in selecting a product. The results from this study were obtained importance score from level which affecting consumer preferences on an English Course in Bandung. The highest attribute is the type of program (50.65%) with a level of Conversation Class (0.162). The second is the attribute of the number of students (23.49%) with a rate of 10-20 people per class (0.092). The third is the location attribute with a level close to the school (0.054). Last attribute is a teaching method (11.26%) with expert faculty level (0.051).
NILAI EKONOMI WISATA IKAN HIU PAUS DI DESA BOTUBARANI, KABUPATEN BONE BOLANGO, PROVINSI GORONTALO
Authors: Monoarfa Sri Fitriani , Yulianda Fredinan , Taryono  , Fahrudin Achmad
Published: January 2021

Kemunculan ikan hiu paus sejak 2016 di Desa Botubarani Teluk Tomini Gorontalo menjadi objek dan daya tarik wisata tersendiri yang dapat mengundang para wisatawan. Hal ini tentunya sangat memengaruhi perekonomian masyarakat sekitar, wisata ikan hiu paus dapat berkontribusi dalam peningkatan ekonomi daerah terutama masyarakat lokal. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis nilai ekonomi wisata ikan hiu paus sebagai masukan dalam pembuatan kebijakan berdasarkan analisis ekonomi untuk pengembangan dan pengelolaan wisata ikan hiu paus secara berkelanjutan di Desa Botubarani. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Penentuan responden dilakukan secara non-probability sampling, yakni purpossive sampling dan accidental sampling. Sebagai panduan dalam memperoleh informasi yang dibutuhkan menggunakan kuisioner. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Travel Cost Method (TCM) dan Contingent Valuasi Method (CVM). Hasil analisis nilai ekonomi wisata ikan hiu paus di Desa Botubarani yaitu sebesar Rp7.894.602.230 per bulan puncak kemunculan (Mei, Juni, Juli). Nilai ekonomi yang telah dihitung dapat menjadi landasan pembuatan kebijakan, terlebih untuk menentukan biaya masuk wisata ikan hiu paus sehingga pengelolaan wisata ikan hiu paus dapat berjalan secara optimal dan efektif.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN OVAPRIM DAN HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN (hCG) TERHADAP PEMIJAHAN SIPUT GONGGONG Laevistrombus turturella
Authors: Muzahar  , Putra Wiwin Kusuma Atmaja , Zahra Aminatul , Viruly Lily
Published: January 2021

Keberhasilan pemijahan menentukan ketersediaan benih siput gonggong. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis efektivitas penggunaan jenis hormon berbeda yaitu ovaprim® dan hCG dalam menstimulasi pemijahan siput gonggong. Delapanpuluh empat pasang induk disuntik sesuai rancangan dengan ovaprim® atau hCG, atau kombinasi keduanya masing-masing dengan dosis 0,5 µL/g BB. Induk pascasuntik dipijahkan dalam akuarium dengan densitas 7 pasang per akuarium. Parameter yang diamati adalah: jumlah induk yang memijah, jumlah telur dikeluarkan oleh induk, waktu latensi, dan tampilan histologi gonad induk. Uji Kruskal Wallis digunakan untuk menganalisis data jumlah induk mijah, dan analysis of variance (ANOVA) untuk menganalisis jumlah telur dikeluarkan oleh induk siput. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan signifikan (P>0,05) jumlah induk mijah di antara perlakuan, namun pemberian hCG memberikan jumlah induk mijah paling tinggi (52,38%). Waktu latensi induk mijah umumnya mulai mijah pada hari ke-2 dan ke-3 setelah pemberian 0,5 µL/gBB ovaprim. Berdasarkan persentase induk mijah dan nilai seluruh parameter pengamatan disimpulkan bahwa pemberian suntikan hCG dosis 0,5 µL/g BB (P1) memberikan respons lebih baik dibanding perlakuan lain.
Bilateral diffuse pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia in a pregnant woman: case report
Authors: Lima Patricia Taranto Sousa , Cotta Fernanda Mitre , Silva Leandro Cruz Ramires da , Lauria Patricia Bittencourt Marques , Santos Gabriel Aguiar
Published: January 2021

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) is a benign proliferation of breast stroma, usually described as an incidental microscopic finding. Clinically, it can manifest as a palpable and well-circumscribed mass or, in rare cases, as a diffuse bilateral process, causing massive and rapid breast growth. The most widely accepted theory about PASH is the hormonal stimulation of breast myofibroblasts, mainly caused by progesterone. A definitive PASH diagnosis is based on typical findings, such as stromal hyperplasia and slit-like channels. The main clinical differential diagnosis is fibroadenoma or phyllodes tumor and, histologically, low-grade angiosarcoma. This work aims at evaluating the maternal and fetal prognosis of a diffuse PASH case in a pregnant woman. This is the case report of a 27-year-old woman with no comorbidities, previously diagnosed with PASH in January 2018, without clinical repercussion or treatment at the time. In 2019, in the 16th week of her second pregnancy, she noticed a rapid and significant breast growth. In the first trimester, she had a weight gain of 12 kg, and her breasts had a four-fold volume increase, preventing her from performing routine activities, such as standing and walking. Over the days, still with progressive breast tissue growth, she showed a considerable reduction in peripheral breast vascularity, intense pain, hyperemia, skin necrosis, overall worsening, and hemodynamic repercussion. Since this is a case little reported in the literature and given the clinical and hemodynamic conditions of the patient, the treatment chosen was bilateral mastectomy, performed with her consent in October 2019. In the immediate postoperative period, she progressed to fetal death and hemodynamic stabilization in the intensive care unit. After a few days of hospitalization, stable, and with good progress, she was discharged for outpatient follow-up. Anatomopathological results corroborated the PASH diagnosis made in 2018. Data on the final pregnancy outcome and the consequences for mother and fetus will be reported. Data analysis was based on a review of the patient's medical records. We concluded that each case should be assessed individually, taking into account the clinical, surgical, and obstetric aspects to determine the best workup and therapeutic approach.
Breast cancer in a 23-year-old nursing mother – case report
Authors: Cabral Kathryn Müllen Aparecida de Assis , Ferreira Ana Clara Vieira , Silva Ana Flávia Souza Salles e , Costa Ana Luiza Machado
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Breast cancer is uncommon in women below 35 years of age, and the diagnosis can be delayed due to higher breast density and less attention during clinical examination. Survival in young women is worse than in individuals from an older age group, and treatment may have a greater physical and psychological impact on these patients. This relevant report describes the clinical case of a 23-year-old nursing mother, non-smoker, and without a family history of cancer, who detected a nodule in the left breast during self-examination. She sought medical care after three months due to nodule increase and local pain, which was treated as mastitis. Without improvement, she visited the mastology department, which identified, during clinical examination, a 9 cm, mobile, ill-defined nodule, and negative axillary nodes. Breast ultrasound found two spiculated, heterogeneous nodules, with ill-defined borders in the left upper outer quadrant. Core biopsy revealed an invasive breast carcinoma with luminal B immunophenotype. The patient underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy with good response, lumpectomy, and sentinel lymph node biopsy. She has been receiving chemotherapy for subsequent radiotherapy and hormone therapy. Objectives: Since currently breast cancer has no proven preventive measure, this work aims at highlighting the importance of raising awareness about the possibility of cancer among young patients for early diagnosis and prompt treatment so as to increase the survival of diagnosed patients. Discussion: Breast cancer is the main death-related neoplasm in the Brazilian female population, representing a challenge for public health. The main risk factors are family history, advanced age, and reproductive characteristics. Studies show that the most common histological type in young individuals is invasive ductal and that this age group has peculiarities concerning risk factors, tumor biology, genetics, prognosis, and social and psychological impact. Classic symptoms, such as breast and axillary nodules and changes in the breast and nipple skin, indicate the need to seek medical help. Treatment is not distinct from that of older age groups, but the diagnostic difficulty warns about the importance of paying attention to any suspicious sign of this disease. Regarding prevalence, breast cancer in young people is rarer than in older individuals, but recurrence is higher. Clinical suspicion can be hindered by the greater breast density and the lack of disease screening among these patients. Conclusion: Early clinical suspicion based on detailed medical history and physical examination contributes to effective diagnosis and therapeutic approach, seeking a better quality of life and higher patient survival.
Case report: association between lymph node tuberculosis and breast cancer
Authors: Medeiros Marina Fontes , Melo Gustavo Lanza de , Melo Thássia Mariz de , Sales Rachel Saraiva Teatini Selim de , Ferreira Janaina Cotta Rodrigues
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Lymph node tuberculosis is the most common extra-lung presentation of tuberculosis, responsible for 43% of peripheral lymphadenopathies in developing countries. The coexistence between lymph node tuberculosis and breast cancer is rare, ranging from 0.1% to 4.9%.Objective: To present a case of axillary lymph node tuberculosis due to its rare association with breast cancer. Methods: We have investigated the case of a 48-year-old woman from Congonhas, Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil, who presented a palpable nodule in the junction of the right upper quadrants with two years of progression, category 4B of the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) on mammography and ultrasound, with core needle biopsy compatible with benignancy. No axillary lymphadenopathy was identified. Case report: The patient underwent resection of the right breast nodule with safety margins due to disagreement between biopsy and imaging tests. Anatomopathological examination was consistent with luminal B invasive ductal carcinoma, measuring 1.6 cm. The patient was submitted to sentinel lymph node biopsy using patent blue in the right axilla. Anatomopathological analysis revealed tuberculous lymphadenitis. Chest computed tomography showed pulmonary nodules. The patient received adjuvant radiotherapy and tamoxifen, as well as antituberculous antibiotics, with regression of pulmonary nodules. The final staging was pT1cN0M0- IA. Discussion: Most cases of coexistence between these diseases involve tuberculous lymphadenitis with or without neoplastic lymph node involvement. Some reports indicate that the involvement by tuberculosis does not prevent neoplastic proliferation. Before starting chemotherapy, tuberculosis must be treated to avoid the immunosuppressive effect that can cause a spread of tuberculosis. Conclusion: Despite the rare coexistence of these diseases, we should not rule out this possibility, especially in endemic tuberculosis areas. Also, an accurate diagnosis prevents incorrect staging and can spare the patient from a more aggressive treatment.
Analysis and correlation of imaging findings with the anatomopathological study of bi-rads 4a lesions
Authors: Bianco Thais , Castanho Gabrielle Fernandes de Paula , Louveira Maria Helena , Salvador Gabriel Lucca de Oliveira , Drizlionoks Renata
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS®) was developed to standardize reports based on imaging findings, classifying them into six categories. Its fourth edition proposed the subdivision of category 4 into three subcategories according to malignancy suspicion. Category 4A shows likelihood of malignancy between 2% and 10%, and diagnosis by biopsy is recommended. Frequent histological findings in the literature for 4A lesions include fibrocystic breast changes, fibroadenoma, columnar cell lesions with atypia, stromal sclerosis, inflammatory disorders, and proliferative epithelial lesions. Objectives: To show the most relevant radiological and histological findings for the BI-RADS® 4A subcategory, corroborating its likelihood ratio of malignancy. Method: This is a cross-sectional study based on the review of medical records of patients submitted to the anatomopathological study of BI-RADS 4A lesions in public and private health services from Curitiba, Paraná, Southern Brazil, between March and September 2019. The findings were subsequently correlated with histopathological results. Results: A total of 727 core needle breast biopsies were performed – 78.6% guided by ultrasound and 21.4% by stereotaxy. Approximately 35.8% of ultrasound-guided procedures (group X) and 55.4% of stereotaxic biopsies (group Y) were classified as BI-RADS 4A. Among the main imaging findings in group X, solid nodules, solid cystic lesions, and solid heterogeneous areas stood out. Group Y presented clusters of heterogeneous, punctate, amorphous microcalcifications, and findings that did not fit the BI-RADS classification. Benign changes predominated among the histopathological findings in both groups. The malignancy rate according to guidelines of the European classification for anatomopathological results of breast lesions4 remained around 2% in group X and 8.7% in group Y. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, we concluded that the malignancy rates of biopsies from patients classified as BI-RADS 4A were within the acceptable values established by the literature. However, they varied considerably according to the biopsy method chosen, presenting higher values in patients submitted to stereotaxy.
Project of an application to facilitate access to breast cancer diagnosis in Ceará
Authors: Pinheiro Luiz Gonzaga Porto , Vieira Márcio Marcondes , Vasques Paulo H D
Published: January 2021

Breast cancer (BC) is the malignant neoplasm most associated with mortality among women in Ceará. Its survival rate is directly related to early diagnosis. Traditionally, this diagnosis is made after the self-detection of a nodule by the patient. Mammography screening covers 43% of the target population. The diagnosis is almost exclusively made in advanced stages, leading to high mortality (3735 deaths from 2013 to 2018). Raising awareness of the population is crucial to increase mammography coverage. The development of an application to refer suspected cases to a specialized care unit may increase the early diagnosis of the disease and improve its prognosis. The project consists of developing an application that directs women to get mammographies, increasing the care coverage, informing them about risk factors, helping them find reference centers, collecting data, and generating reports and predictions.
Clinical and pathological characteristics of patients with overexpressed her 2 breast cancer in the national cohort study – Amazona III
Authors: Souza Alessandra Borba Anton de , Werutsky Gustavo , Rosa Daniela Dornelles , Gomes Rafaela , Simon Sergio
Published: January 2021

Introduction: HER2 overexpressed breast cancer (+) is observed at around 15-20%. The introduction of target therapies in this subtype changed the prognosis of these patients, improving mortality and reducing surgical morbidity when neoadjuvant therapy allows downstaging of breast and axillary surgery. A recent publication with 1,310 samples from Brazilian patients described 20% of HER-2 + tumors. There are few epidemiological studies evaluating patients in our population. The Amazona III study evaluated the epidemiology of breast cancer in a sample of the Brazilian population including 2,950 patients from 23 Brazilian hospitals, completed in 2018. Objective: To characterize the frequency of positive HER-2 breast cancer in patients in the Amazona III study and its clinical characteristics. Method: Prospective, multicenter cohort study. All female patients with invasive breast cancer over 18 years of age included in the Amazona III Project were considered eligible. Immunohistochemical determination was made according to the pathology laboratory of each center. Results: Of the 2,950 study participants, 643 (21%) were HER2 +, 71% from the Unified Health System (SUS) and 28.9% from the complementary system. Most had grade 2 (52.6%) or 3 (36.4%), were post-menopausal (53%), positive estrogen receptor (71.9%), and did not undergo neoadjuvant therapy (52%). As for the number of lymph nodes, 45% were positive lymph nodes, with cN1 (27%), cN2 (12%), and cN3 (5%). 49% had positive lymph nodes in SUS and 37% in the private system. The rate of conservative breast surgery was similar in both groups, being around 46%. Conclusion: The prevalence of HER-2 + in patients included in the Amazona Study III (current epidemiological study of breast cancer in Brazil) is compatible with data from the literature. The prevalence of positive lymph node at diagnosis is high, especially in SUS (49%), therefore the impact of access to therapies that increase the chance of increasing overall survival, decreasing invasive recurrence, and decreasing surgical morbidity must be evaluated.
Survival and prognostic factors of breast cancer in women in the state of São Paulo
Authors: Almeida Raissa Janine de , Luizaga Carolina Terra de Moraes , Murta-Nascimento Cristiane
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Breast cancer is the first most common malignancy in the female population worldwide. Monitoring the survival of women with breast cancer has been a strategy often adopted at the international level as a measure to assess public policy progress for disease control. Objectives: To estimate the probability of five-year survival and to investigate the prognostic factors of women with breast cancer included in the São Paulo State Cancer Hospital Records Base (RHC-SP), established in 2000 and maintained by the Oncocentro Foundation of São Paulo (Fundação Oncocentro de São Paulo – FOSP). Material and methods: This is a historical cohort. The sample consisted of women with breast cancer diagnosed between 2002 and 2012 and included in the RHC-FOSP. The event studied was specific mortality from breast cancer. Live cases at the end of follow-up (December 31st, 2017), loss of follow-up and those who died from causes other than breast cancer were considered censures on the date of the last contact or date of death. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meyer method and the survival curves were compared using the log-rank test. Hazard ratios (HR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were also estimated using the Cox's proportional hazards model. This study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the School of Medicine of Botucatu, UNESP. Results: In the period between 2002‒2012, 53,146 cases of invasive breast cancer were registered at RHC-FOSP. The median age of women at diagnosis was 55.9 years. By the end of the follow-up (December 31st, 2017), 20,683 patients died and 71.4% were due to breast cancer. The probability of specific survival for the entire cohort at 5 and 10 years was 76.1% (95%CI 75.7‒76.5%) and 64.8% (95%CI 64.2‒65.3%), respectively. In the multivariate analysis, the factors associated with the prognosis were: age at diagnosis, year of diagnosis, educational level, grouped clinical stage and histological type. Conclusion: Specific survival for breast cancer in the state of São Paulo is significantly associated with several characteristics. The knowledge of these characteristics can contribute to the development of public policies in the area.
Impact of the service of the education group and oncological studies on the diagnosis of breast cancer in Ceará
Authors: Pinheiro Luiz Gonzaga Porto , Lobo Cícera C. , Vasques Paulo Henrique Diógenes , Vieira Márcio Marcondes
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Breast cancer remains the most prevalent in Brazilian women, with the exception of non-melanoma skin cases. Performing disease control uses awareness strategies, clinical criteria for suspected cases, and diagnostic confirmation in a single service (INCA, 2015). The Oncology Education and Studies Group (Grupo de Educação e Estudos Oncológicos – GEEON) is a Reference Service for Breast Cancer Diagnosis (SDM), located in Fortaleza, Ceará. Objectives: To identify the impact of GEEON's SDM on cancer diagnosis in Ceará. Method: Retrospective, evaluative study of the services provided at GEEON in the period from 2016 to 2019. The data underwent univariate statistical analysis. Results: The service grew by 256% in the number of visits, increasing from 6,758 to 17,301, with a total of 44,309. Mammographic screening is the most frequent procedure, evolving from 2,570 to 9,366 annual exams, with an average of 5,058. It showed a high rate of absenteeism, with an average of 31% per year. Of the 20,234 mammograms performed, 683 patients (3.4%) did not receive the result. The average of tests performed was classified as Bi-rads 4 and 5 and was approximately 2%. The mean positive rate of biopsies performed is 31%, resulting in an average of 176 diagnoses per year, which represents 8% of the total estimated for Ceará. Of these, about 40% are in women under 50 years of age. The organization of the service along the lines of patient navigation carries out an active search for suspected mammographic lesions for immediate diagnosis, as well as a reference for tertiary care in cases of positive biopsy, through telephone contact. Conclusions: The consultations performed at GEEON identify 8% of the estimated cases for each year, a high percentage in young women, outside the scope of the screening policies.
Lobular pleomorphic carcinoma versus invasing lobular carcinoma: clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic evaluation
Authors: Rabinovich Iris , Jubainski Eliza Maiara , Ghanem Chaimaa , Costa Natalia de Souza
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Pleomorphic lobular carcinoma (PLC) is a rare variant of invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) that has a higher degree of cell atypia and pleomorphism, and has been associated with factors with a worse prognosis such as larger tumor size, and greater lymph node involvement, however, its real prognostic value is still not well defined. Objectives: To evaluate the clinical-pathological characteristics, overall survival, and disease-free survival in PLC and compare it to ILC. Method: All ILC and PLC cases submitted to surgery at Hospital Nossa Senhora das Graças from January 1st, 2008 to January 31st, 2018 were analyzed. The main clinical and pathological variables related to prognosis were analyzed, as well as the overall survival and disease-free survival for both groups. Results and Discussion: 77 cases of ILC and 35 of PLC were found. The PLC group presented factors of worse prognosis in relation to the ILC group, such as a higher histological grade (p<0.001), presence of lymphovascular invasion (p<0.001), greater axillary lymph node involvement (p=0.003), and higher Ki-67 rates (p<0.001). Contrary to what was expected, we did not find a greater expression of HER2 (p=0.095) in the PLC, and there was also no significant difference between the groups regarding disease-free survival and overall survival. Conclusions: PLC still cannot be considered as an independent variable with a worse prognosis and more studies are needed to better understand this entity.
Clinical and prognostic impact of changes in the tnm system of the american joint committee for cancer, eighth edition, in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Pereira Cynthia Mara Brito Lins , Khayat Yasmin de Farias , Bohone Mariana Rocha
Published: January 2021

In Brazil, breast cancer is the first among the most prevalent malignancies in women, without considering non-melanoma skin cancer. However, in spite of the high number of deaths caused by breast cancer, there has been a great reduction in mortality rates and greater survival of patients with metastatic disease in the last decades. Such improvements are related to advances in treatment and greater knowledge about the biology of breast cancer. The American Joint Committee for Cancer (AJCC) cancer staging system is one of the important tools for doctors, and helps to predict disease progression and make therapeutic decisions. Therapeutic planning and prognosis of patients is possible through staging. Since the publication of the first edition of the Cancer Staging Manual, AJCC has insisted on seeing anatomical information. TNM staging (T: tumor; N: lymph nodes; M: metastasis). Limitations regarding this staging method were evidenced, as it is based only on anatomy and does not take biological factors into account. Through immunohistochemical study, breast cancer is subdivided into different molecular subtypes. When considering the modifications of the new edition of the TNM/AJCC system with respect to the prognostic and predictive factors of cancer, there may be a reclassification of patients, leading to a more reliable approach to their real disease condition. Objective: To analyze the impact generated by the update of the TNM/AJCC staging system (eighth edition), in the classification of patients with breast cancer seen at Hospital Ophir Loyola, a referral oncology hospital in the city of Belém, state of Pará, in 2018. Method: 176 medical records of patients undergoing treatment at Hospital Ophir Loyola, in 2018, were analyzed, which had information on the staging of the seventh edition and with immunohistochemical results. Result: 61.93% were between 40-60 years old, 46.2% were from the capital. Regarding the stage of diagnosis according to the 7th edition, 23 patients (13%) were in stage I, 66 cases (37.5%) in stage II, and the vast majority, totaling 77 cases (43.8%), in stage III. In addition, there were 03 cases (1.7%) in stage 0 (zero), and 07 cases (4%) in stage IV. There was a change in disease staging for 60.8% (107/176; 95%CI 53.4‒67.7) of the cases, 36.5% (39/107; 95%CI 28.0‒45.9) of these cases were upstaged, and in the others (63.5%, 68/107; 95%CI 54.1‒72.1), the change was to a lower prognostic category (down-staged). There was a significant increase in the proportion of cases staged in 2018 as IB and a significant reduction in cases staged by the most recent criterion such as IIB and IIIA (p<0.0001). Conclusion: the changes to new staging have shown to be more effective on the behavior of the tumor, helping in therapeutic decisions.
Evaluation of axillary response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in luminal breast carcinoma treated in caism-unicamp between 2013 and 2018
Authors: Moreira Pedro Lavigne de Castello Branco , Santos César Cabello dos , Torresan Renato Zocchio , Brenelli Fabrício Palermo , Ramalho Susana Oliveira Botelho
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm affecting the female gender (besides non-melanoma skin cancer). It is a heterogenous disease with different phenotypic subtypes; the most common subtype is the luminal-like, which presents poor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. If patients with positive axilla at diagnosis are submitted to surgery, axillary dissection must be carried out, which is a surgery with major morbidities; however, if the patients are treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and develop negative axillary disease, they can avoid axillary dissection. Objective: to assess axillary response to neoadjuvant therapy in patients with cT1-3 cN1-2 luminal-like breast cancer. The secondary objectives were to assess the association between the axillary response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy according to: tumor replication marker (Ki67), estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR), tumor histological grade, according to the Nottingham classification, tumor size (cT), level of axillary compromise (cN1, cN2 or cN3), chemotherapy scheme, luminal subtype and epidemiological variables (age, BMI, menopause status). Method: reconstituted cohort including female patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer stage cT1-3 cN1-2 M0 at physical or ultrasound examination, who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Axillary compromise can be assumed. The patients were followed-up at the ambulatory of Clinical Oncology and Mastology at CAISM UNICAMP. A convenience sample was used. Statistical analysis: Statistical analysis will be carried out using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 22.0 (SPSS). Correlations between categorical variables will be analyzed with the chi-square test. Differences between means will be verified using Student’s t-test. Nonparametric tests will be used according to necessity. All tests will be bicaudal, with 5% as the threshold of statistical significance. Results: One hundred and forty three cases were included, respecting the inclusion criteria. Of these, 2.8% evolved with pathological complete response per se (pCR); 5.6%, with pCR in the breast; and 23.1%, with axillary pCR. The lower the axillary compromise at diagnosis, the higher the frequency of axillary pCR (cN1 26.7%, cN2-3 11.1% - p=0.049). The smaller the residual lesion in the breast after chemotherapy (ycT), the higher the chances of axillary pCR (ycT0 28.8%, ycT1 38.5%, ycT2 9.7%, ycT3-4 0 cases – p=0.042). The anthropometric, immunohistochemical and anatomopathological parameters did not present statistical relevance. Conclusion: Patients with luminal-like breast cancer and axillary compromise at diagnosis may benefit from avoiding dissection in about 20% of the time if treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, so this therapeutic strategy should be considered in these cases.