bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hukuman bagi Pelaku Tindak Pidana Aborsi perspektif Hukum Pidana Islam
Authors: Siti Nur Khadijah  , Eka Putri Fatmasari  , Husaini Hilmi Albarki
Published: March 2024

Abstract: Abortion is a serious problem nowadays. The large number of illegal practices carried out indicates the high rate of unwanted pregnancies. This article briefly explains the factors that influence abortion and discusses in detail the Mojokerto District Court Decision Number 46/Pid.B/2022/PN.Mjk, which tried the criminal act of abortion committed by a couple who were in love with each other. This article uses documentation studies collects data, and explores cases in the Mojokerto District Court Decision Number 46/Pid.B/2022/PN.Mjk. Data were analysed descriptively. This research concluded that the judge imposed a criminal sentence on the perpetrator as a 2 year prison sentence because the defendant had fulfilled the criminal elements of Article 438 paragraph 1. Apart from that, there was an aggravating factor, namely that the defendant's actions had disturbed the community, and the defendant did not admit his mistake. Meanwhile, mitigating circumstances: The defendant was polite. The defendant has never been convicted. In Islamic criminal law, perpetrators can be punished in diyat by considering the facts revealed, existing evidence, and statements from several witnesses.
Keywords: Abortion, criminal law, Islamic law, court decisions.
Abstrak: Aborsi menjadi permasalah yang cukup serius dimasa sekarang, banyaknya praktek ilegal ini terlaksana menandakan tingginya angka kehamilan yang tak diinginkan. Tulisan ini menjelaskan secara ringkas terkait faktor yang mempengaruhi aborsi dan dengan rinci membahas mengenai Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Mojokerto Nomor 46/Pid.B/2022/PN.Mjk yang mengadili tindak pidana aborsi yang dilakukan oleh sepasang manusia yang saling memadu kasih. Tulisan ini memakai menggunakan studi dokumentasi dan mengumpulkan data serta menelusuri kasus dalam Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Mojokerto Nomor 46/Pid.B/2022/PN.Mjk. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Penelitian ini menyompulkan bahwa hakim menjatuhkan hukuman pidana kepada pelaku berupa hukuman penjara 2 tahun karena terdakwa telah memenuhi unsur pidana Pasal 438 ayat 1. Selain itu ada hal yang memberatkan yaitu Perbuatan terdakwa telah meresahkan Masyarakat dan Terdakwa tidak mengakui kesalahannya. Sedangkan keadaan yang meringankan: Terdakwa bersikap sopan, Terdakwa belum pernah dihukum. Dalam hukum pidana Islam, pelaku dapat dihukum berupa diyat dengan mempertimbangkan fakta yang terungkap, alat bukti yang ada, serta keterangan dari beberapa saksi.
Kata kunci: Aborsi, hukum pidana, hukum Islam, putusan pengadilan.
Технико-технологическая компетентность будущих педагогов профессионального обучения: теория и практика формирования
Authors: Зинченко Виктория , Бельграй Наталья , Жуева Александра
Published: March 2024

В монографии представлены результаты разработки проблемы формирования технико-технологической компетентности у будущих педагогов профессионального обучения: определены сущность и структура базового феномена, теоретико-методологические основы и педагогические условия его формирования, разработана критериально-диагностическая база исследования. Монография предназначена для педагогов и студентов вузов, работников учреждений СПО, аспирантов и всех, кого интересуют проблемы профессионально-педагогического образования.
A BUBBLE SIZE CHANGE IN A PULSATING HEAT PIPE DEPENDING ON ITS POSITION
Authors: Cheverda Vyacheslav V. , Litvintseva A. A. , Vozhakov Ivan S.
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we present the visualization results obtained on the liquid flow in a pulsating heat pipe.
Relative to their position in the condenser section, we measured the volume variations of bubbles as they moved through capillary tubes. For small heat fluxes, the bubble volume weakly depended on the distance. However, with an increase in the supplied power, the bubble volume changed significantly as the bubbles moved through the evaporator part due to evaporation of the liquid inside these bubbles. In addition, we employed an infrared scanner to perform a temperature distribution analysis and demonstrate the heat transfer processes.
Improved pass-through dimensionality reduction for point cloud contour extraction
Authors: Liang Dong , Jia Zhufeng , Wang Bo , Chen Lihang , Wang Xiongjue
Published: March 2024

Obtaining a point cloud model that considers the overall information of large steel components as well as the local information of bolt holes is an important approach for the virtual assembly of large steel structures. A point cloud extraction method to improve the uniformity of the dimensionality reduction distribution is presented. Firstly, point cloud data characterising the overall information of a large-size component and local information of the bolt-hole group are obtained by combining vertical three-dimensional (3D) laser scanning and handheld 3D laser scanning. The point cloud is then triaxially equidistant and reduced in dimension based on improved straight-pass filtering and the corner point cloud is extracted using a planar point cloud distribution uniformity algorithm. Finally, the point cloud is restored to the same space to complete the contour extraction of the point cloud. The accuracy of the contour extraction method was verified by conducting point cloud feature extraction tests using standard components. Compared with conventional feature extraction, the method provides targeted local feature extraction for bars with a certain regularity of geometric configuration, reducing the time required for feature extraction and providing a brief database for the virtual assembly of steel joist beams.
Application of cohesive soil flow limit and slope critical flow angle
Authors: Shen Mao-Sung , Tsai Yi-Hsun
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the relationship between moisture content in cohesive soils and critical slope failure angles during spontaneous liquefaction. We adapted the liquid limit test apparatus, originally developed by A. Atterberg in 1911, into a liquid-flow limit test apparatus. Soils from three actual cases of slope failures were used in experiments. The moisture content at which soils undergo spontaneous liquefaction was designated as the flow limit (FL), corresponding to the downslope angle of circular failure. This value represents the critical sliding angle due to soil saturation and the maximum slope angle for exposed mudrock or clay slopes. Beyond this critical FL angle, all vegetation is susceptible to loss due to soil liquefaction. The consistent test results observed reaffirm that different soils exhibit similar spontaneous liquefaction angles and FL behaviour.
Development of Clusters in the Irkutsk Region in the Context of Import Substitution
Authors: Chistyakova Olga , Zalutskaya Natalia
Published: March 2024

The Irkutsk Region's economic growth in the context of import substitution requires modernizing industrial policy and developing a cluster system. Clusters can become a major factor of growth in the Irkutsk Region's economy. A cluster involves creating special conditions, assisting in funding and marketing the products of its member organizations. Cluster residents enjoy such benefits as tax preferences, support in the implementation of investment projects, and infrastructure provision in the form of technoparks. Introducing the cluster approach boosts efficiency of production and implementation of import substitution policies. The purpose of this study is to study special features of cluster formation in the Irkutsk region and the specifics of their functioning in the context of import substitution. The article studies the functioning features of the following clusters in the Irkutsk region: machinery, pharmaceutical, petrochemical, construction materials and technologies, Baikal cluster of light industry, agro-industrial, tourist and recreational clusters. The research methodology is based on a theoretical analysis of the main aspects of cluster development. The study analyzes the data on the development of clusters in the Irkutsk region. The problems of cluster development in the context of import substitution are outlined. The scientific novelty lies in identifying two approaches to the formation of clusters: one forming around an anchor resident and the other forming as a tandem of equivalent companies. It is proposed to expand the geography of sales by cluster companies via employment of anchor resident distribution centers in various territories. Interregional cooperation and establishing the Federal Center of Chemistry cluster are closely looked into. The relevance of a timber industry cluster and a cluster for the disposal of municipal solid waste in the Irkutsk region is substantiated.
The System of Meaning-Forming Activity of an Individual in the Context Metasystem Approach
Authors: Terekhova Tatiana , Gaevskaya Larisa
Published: March 2024

Understanding the features of the system of meaning-forming activity of an individual makes it possible to find a solution to many personality problems, to understand why an individual acts in a certain way in a given situation, what drives him at that moment. The purpose of this study is to describe the structural-level organization of the system of sense-forming activity of the individual. The system of meaning-forming activity of a personality is considered for the first time in the context of a metasystem approach as a system with a built-in metalevel. The metasystem level is polymetasystemic and is represented by four metasystems: personality, meaning, activity and time perspective. The system of sense-forming activity of an individual is a complex system that has all the qualities of such systems. This system consists of several levels: a metasystem level, a system level, a subsystem level, a component level, and an element level. A study of 150 people was carried out with the help of six standardized methods. In its process, eleven subsystems were identified and characterized, which quite fully determines the subsystem level of the system of meaning-forming activity of an individual with a built-in metalevel. The system of sense-forming activity of the individual has differences in terms of age and gender at the subsystem level. Thirty-six scales of research methods correspond to the component level. The elemental level is made up of questions and statements of empirical research.
Corruption in the Context of Digitalization of Public Relations
Authors: Rogova Evgeniya
Published: March 2024

The article discusses some aspects of countering corruption-related crimes, taking into account the current public relations. Over the past twenty — twenty-five years, the most serious transformations have taken place in the society due to the global processes of digitalization of almost all spheres of human activity. It is obvious that these processes are not only positive in the light of the development of information and communication technologies, but also, unfortunately, have a negative component associated with the fact that criminals are actively introducing new ways and means of committing illegal acts. Special attention should be paid to the fact that criminals actively use innovative technologies, committing corruption-related crimes, the fight against which is currently in the focus of attention of both state authorities and the public. Corruption today has acquired "digital" forms, which, accordingly, seriously complicate its prevention, detection and suppression by traditional methods.
In this regard, the article considers two main directions. The first one is more criminological in nature and is related to the methods of transmitting information about giving, receiving a bribe, and mediation in bribery. First of all, we are talking about the speed of transmission of such information, its secrecy, the accessibility of citizens to information and communication technologies, which makes it possible to simultaneously and independently of the location, including outside the state, to transmit meaningful information about the circumstances concerning the preparation for giving and receiving a bribe. This, of course, seriously increases the already rather high level of latency of corruption-related crimes. And the second direction presented in the article concerns the issues related to cryptocurrency as a subject of crime, which is an integral part of information globalization.
On the Concept and Basic Elements of Operational and Search Characteristics of Motor Vehicle Thefts Committed Within Organized Groups
Authors: Stolbov Vasily
Published: March 2024

The practical significance of the elements that make up the operational-investigative characteristics, as significant information for the disclosure and investigation of crimes, is extremely high, since without their knowledge and consideration it is impossible to solve crimes successfully. In connection with the intensive development in recent years of the doctrine of the operational-search characteristics of the crime, its role and place in the method of disclosure, the question of the place of circumstances that must be taken into account when disclosing certain types of crimes is particularly acute to this day. The presence of an operational-investigative characteristic as a set of the most significant facts and patterns of committing a crime is a necessary condition for the algorithmization of the actions of practical workers of operational units. Generalization and systematization of the most significant facts regarding crimes of this category will contribute to the improvement of law enforcement activities of operational officers. In this connection, the study of the operational-search characteristics of crimes is of practical and theoretical significance. This article discusses the points of view of scientists on the definition of the operational-search characteristics of crimes. In addition, the importance of theoretical knowledge of the essence of the operational-investigative characteristics and the relationship of its main elements, which serves to solve the problems of the operational units of the internal affairs bodies in solving crimes, is highlighted. The main elements of the operational-search characteristics of the vehicles’ thefts that caused damage on an especially large scale, committed by organized groups, are singled out. An assessment is made of the practical application of the awareness of law enforcement officers of the elements of the operational-search characteristics of the type of crimes under consideration. In addition, the article highlights and discusses the most priority elements and information about the crime.
Development of a low-cost device for photobiomodulation using 3D printing
Authors: Dos Santos Renato Dias , Neto Wilson Rosas de Vasconcelos , Cardoso Vinicius Saura , Jacob Raquel Sales Rocha , Moreira Lana Paula Cardoso , Hazime Fuad
Published: March 2024

INTRODUCTION: Photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) is a non-pharmacological and non-invasive therapeutic strategy that has shown promising results in several health conditions. Despite important advances in knowledge of its modulatory effects at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels, the cost of PBM equipment still greatly limits its use in the clinical setting, especially in developing countries. In this context, the use of new technologies such as 3D printing has presented several possibilities for application in the health area. OBJECTIVES: To develop a 3D printing PBM device and test its technical and operational viability. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Development of Health Technology on a Photobiomodulation Device with 3D Printing Tests of the safety, emission, and support of the light beams were carried out. RESULTS: The PBM device demonstrated operational safety and good quality in the maintenance of light beams. CONCLUSION: A three-dimensional (3D) printed LED PBM device is technically, operationally, and financially viable. However, more experimental tests and clinical validation are required before this prototype can be used in human health applications.
Protocol for Preparing Brain Samples for MUSIC v2
Authors: Zhao Wenxin , Zhong Sheng
Published: March 2024

Here states the detailed procedure to prepare brain samples for MUSIC study.
ORTAOKUL ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN MATEMATİKSEL DAYANIKLIKLARININ İNCELENMESİ VE MATEMATİK BAŞARISI İLE İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: MARANGOZ Derya
Published: March 2024

Matematiksel dayanıklık (rezilyans), öğrencinin matematik çalışırken karşılaştığı zorluklar karşısında olumlu tepki verebilmesi için gerekli olan bir tutumdur. Bu araştırmanın amacı, ortaokul öğrencilerinin matematiksel dayanıklıklarını belirleyerek bunu etkileyen faktörleri incelemektir. İstanbul’da bir devlet okulunda 2022-23 öğretim yılında 6, 7 ve 8. sınıfta okumakta olan 413 öğrenci ile nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden betimsel tarama yöntemiyle yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın verileri Kooken vd. (2016) tarafından geliştirilen ve Çetin vd. (2018) tarafından Türkçe uyarlaması yapılan "Matematiksel Yılmazlık/Dayanıklık Ölçeği (MDÖ)" ve demografik bilgiler için araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan form kullanılarak gönüllülük ilkesine göre toplanmıştır. MDÖ, ‘değer, mücadele ve gelişim’ olmak üzere üç boyutlu, 24 maddeli ve 7'li Likert tipindedir. Verilerin analizinde betimleyici istatistiklerden yüzde, ortalama, standart sapma ile yorumlayıcı istatistiklerden bağımsız örneklem t testi, ANOVA, Scheffe ve Pearson korelasyon katsayısı kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya göre ortaokul öğrencilerinin matematiksel dayanıklıkları 4,78 puan ortalaması ve %68 ile ortalamanın üzerinde bulunmuştur. Ayrıca kız öğrencilerin matematiksel dayanıklıklarının erkek öğrencilerden yüksek olduğu, en fazla farkın ‘mücadele’ alt boyutunda olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Öğrencilerin sınıf kademesi ve anne eğitim durumlarına göre matematiksel dayanıklıkları farklılık göstermezken baba eğitim durumu ile anlamlı farklılık göstermektedir. Öğrencilerin matematiksel dayanıklıklarının yüksek olması ile matematik başarıları arasında anlamlı ilişki olmasından dolayı öğrencilerin dayanıklıklarını artıracak olumlu sınıf iklimi ve destekleme etkinlikleri önerilmektedir.
ONLİNE ALIŞVERİŞ KOLAYLIĞI ÖLÇEĞİNİN TÜRKÇEYE UYARLANMASI: GEÇERLİK VE GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: ERDOĞAN Ebru
Published: March 2024

Bu araştırmanın amacı Jiang vd. (2013) tarafından geliştirilen Online Alışveriş Kolaylığı Ölçeğini Türkçeye uyarlamaktır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu son 6 ay içerisinde online alışveriş yapan toplam 732 tüketiciden oluşmaktadır. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliğini test etmek amacıyla açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Güvenirlik analizleri kapsamında Cronbach alfa ve McDonald omega (ω) güvenirlik katsayıları hesaplanmıştır. Birinci çalışma grubundan elde edilen verilerle yapılan açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda online alışveriş kolaylığı ölçeğinde yer alan maddelerin orijinal formunda olduğu gibi beş faktör altında toplandığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca beş faktör tarafından açıklanan toplam varyansın %65.61olduğu ve madde faktör yüklerinin .57 ile .86 arasında değiştiği tespit edilmiştir. İkinci çalışma grubundan elde edilen verilerle yapılan doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda, model veri uyumunu değerlendirmek amacıyla hesaplanan uyum indekslerinin χ2= 358.12, sd =109, p <.05; CFI = .956; TLI = .954; RMSEA = .057, [%90 GA- 0.051, 0.064]; SRMR = .041 olduğu görülmüştür. DFA sonucunda beş faktörlü online alışveriş kolaylığı ölçeğinde yer alan maddelerin standartlaştırılmış faktör yüklerinin .585 ile .828 arasında değiştiği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, faktörler tarafından açıklanan ortalama varyans değerlerinin (AVE) .50 ile .59 arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Güvenirlik analizleri kapsamında hesaplanan Cronbach alfa katsayılarının .736 ile .841 arasında, McDonald omega bileşik güvenirlik katsayılarının ise .746 ile .855 arasında değiştiği görülmüştür. Araştırma sonucunda, Türkçeye uyarlaması yapılan Online Alışveriş Kolaylığı Ölçeğinin tüketicilerin online alışveriş sürecinin kolaylığına ilişkin algılarını belirlemek amacıyla kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
De mercado tradicional a patrimonio cultural: Estudio regional comparado sobre las antiguas subastas de agua de Fuente Álamo de Murcia (Murcia, España) / From traditional market to cultural heritage: comparative regional study about the old water auctions of Fuente Álamo de Murcia (Murcia, Spain)
Authors: Castejón Porcel Gregorio
Published: March 2024

El valor trascendental del agua en la Región de Murcia (España), un territorio con un acusado déficit hídrico y con una extensa superficie agraria disponible y fértil, condicionó que determinados sistemas hidráulicos de esta comunidad autónoma aprovechasen antaño dicha carestía para privatizar y comerciar con un bien tan necesario y escaso en su espacio. Entre estos, se han identificado cuatro infraestructuras hidráulicas cuya área de captación se encontraba en Fuente Álamo de Murcia y en las que, mediante análisis comparado realizado a partir de información recabada por medio de revisión bibliográfica y documental histórica, así como de entrevistas, se revela que sus propietarios establecieron un mercado centenario de venta de agua mediante subastas públicas, donde los mejores postores se hacían con los diferentes derechos de riego. Así, el objetivo es estudiar esta tradicional actividad mercantil desarrollada en los siglos XIX y XX y comparar los resultados obtenidos con el de otras ventas similares vinculadas a otras infraestructuras regionales y nacionales. Se analiza un sistema de gestión hidráulica histórico y singular que caracteriza y define parte de la cultura del agua de esta región y engrandece su valor patrimonial; auténtico hito de la adaptación de la sociedad murciana a la insuficiencia hídrica, la optimización de los recursos disponibles y el aprovechamiento económico de un bien valioso y reducido.
Extractivismo, narrativas del desarrollo y el mito del “efecto-derrame”: el caso de la minería del litio en Argentina / Extractivism, development narratives and the myth of the “trickle-down efect”: the case of lithium mining in Argentina
Authors: Gómez Lende Sebastián
Published: March 2024

El litio es un metal clave actualmente para la transición energética post-fósil, la electromovilidad y la economía “verde”. En ese contexto, su explotación aparece en la narrativa del capital y el Estado como un nuevo “ElDorado” capaz de promover el enriquecimiento del erario público y lograr el desarrollo nacional, regional y local. Valiéndose de estadísticas e informes oficiales, bibliografía académica, reportes corporativos e información periodística, este artículo contrasta el discurso hegemónico (el mito) con las condiciones materiales objetivas (la realidad) de la minería del litio en Argentina, cuarto productor y exportador mundial de este mineral. Para ello, utiliza cinco categorías de análisis: los discursos de las élites políticas domésticas; la dinámica exportadora del sector; la política tributaria y la recaudación impositiva; las políticas de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial; y el acceso a servicios básicos de la población local implicada. Los hallazgos refutan el imaginario “efecto derrame” propalado por el discurso hegemónico, demostrando que el boomexportador de la actividad implica magros aportes al fisco, evasión impositiva y persistentes déficits infraestructurales.
Changes in rheological parameters of blood, microcirculation, and accumulation of antibiotic in the focus of acute inflammation of patients with maxillofacial phlegmon
Authors: Khelminskaya Natalya M. , Kravets Viktor I. , Posadskaya Aleksandra V. , Eremin Dmitriy A. , Kravets Anatoliy V. , Vinokurova Ludmila M.
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND: Despite the modern development of dentistry, the frequency of purulent inflammatory diseases of complicated caries tends to increase. Up to 60%–70% of patients had odontogenic phlegmon in maxillofacial hospitals. With the spread of the process to the neck and mediastinum, mortality reaches 60%, and with the generalization of infection leading to septic shock, it increases to 90%. This study aimed to examine the state of rheological parameters and blood microcirculation in cases of acute purulent inflammation in patients with maxillofacial phlegmon based on blood viscosity, analysis of the microcirculatory bed according to laser Doppler flowmetry, and concentration of the antibiotics in the blood. This study will allow us to analyze pathophysiological changes and coordinate adequate drug therapy.
AIM: To examine the state and rheological properties of blood in the microcirculation and antibiotic concentration in cases acute purulent inflammation in patients with maxillofacial phlegmon to improve the effectiveness of treatment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study enrolled 20 patients. Their age ranged from 28 to 62 years, and there were 13 (65%) men and 7 (35%) women. The average body weight of the patients in the study group was 79–95 kg. All patients under endotracheal anesthesia underwent phlegmon dissection. During the operation and treatment, microcirculation, blood viscosity, and laser Doppler flowmetry were evaluated, and the antibiotic concentration in the inflammation area was assessed.
RESULTS: The results of the study of 20 patients were analyzed. As a result of studying the rheological parameters of blood obtained from the peripheral vein in patients with phlegmon of the maxillofacial region of various localization, changes in blood viscosity towards thickening compared with normal values were revealed.
CONCLUSION: With acute purulent inflammation of the maxillofacial region, pathophysiological changes occur in the microcirculatory bed, which must be considered when prescribing adequate antibacterial therapy.
Clinical features of pulmonary embolism in patients with previous recent COVID-19 infection
Authors: Kononov Sergei K. , Solovev Oleg V. , Kraev Artem R. , Ralnikova Uliana A. , Grebeneva Elena V.
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is one of the most significant thromboembolic complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Several studies have demonstrated the clinical features of PE in patients in the acute phase of COVID-19. The features of the course of PE diagnosed after an acute infection have not been sufficiently studied.
AIM: To study the clinical picture of PE that occurred within 3 months after COVID-19.
METHODS: A retrospective study was completed. Patients were hospitalized with a diagnosis of PE between January 2020 and December 2021. Two subgroups were formed: with a history of recent (up to 3 months) COVID-19 infection and without a history of COVID-19.
RESULTS: Of the 278 patients hospitalized with PE, 44 had anamnesis of COVID-19, and 69 had no anamnesis of infection. In the remaining 165 patients with PE, determining the presence or absence of a history of COVID-19 was impossible. In the analysis of the clinical picture and examination results of 44 patients with COVID-19, distal localization of thrombotic lung lesions was predominant, the incidence of deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities was lower, and right heart lesions were noted. A tendency toward the presence of diabetes mellitus, anemia, and thrombocytopenia was found.
CONCLUSION: Patients with PE and history of COVID-19 have features of clinical presentation. The identified signs are consistent with the results of studies that have evaluated the course and clinical signs of PE in the acute period of COVID-19. Similar manifestations may indicate a significant effect of COVID-19 on PE signs both during and after the acute period of COVID-19. Clinical features were determined by the severity of the previous infection.
Dermoid cysts masquerading as pilonidal sinus disease
Authors: Darya Shlyk D. , Barkhatov Sergey I. , Safyanov Lev A. , Pikuza Maria N. , Kostin Roman N. , Tsarkov Petr V.
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND: Dermoid cysts (DC) are benign cystic tumors formed because of impaired embryogenesis processes when ectodermal rudiments are immersed in tissues and organs along the lines of their embryonic fusion. DC is most often localized in the head and neck (84%). Rarer localizations areas are as follows: 1) ovaries; 2) retroperitoneal space; 3) mediastinum; 4) pancreas and spleen; 5) spinal canal. In case of retroperitoneal localization of DC, the presacral location occurs more often, then location in soft tissues of the sacrococcygeal region. Moreover, the clinical pattern may be similar to that of pilonidal disease, which may cause difficulties in diagnosis at the preoperative diagnostics and further determination of the surgical techniques.
CLINICAL CASES DESCRIPTION: In the Clinic of colorectal and minimally invasive surgery, two clinical cases of dermoid cysts masquerading as pilonidal sinus disease were encountered. In both cases, Bascom II surgery was performed. Macroscopic examination of the specimens revealed pathognomonic signs of dermoid cysts: a hair growth site on the epithelial lining of the cyst in the first case and the presence of sebum in the cyst cavity in the second case. The early postoperative period in both patients proceeded smoothly, and no data were obtained for recurrence in the 6- and 18-month follow-up period.
CONCLUSION: Because of the similar clinical picture of pilonidal cysts and DC of the sacrococcygeal region, differential diagnosis is crucial. A wide range of minimally invasive methods are available for treating pilonidal disease; however, they are not appropriate for the treatment of DC. At present, the only radical method of treating DCs of the sacrococcygeal region is excision of the cyst without rupturing the capsule to prevent disease recurrence.
Analysis of morbidity of medical university students
Authors: Kopylov Alexander S. , Popov Valery I. , Choporov Oleg N.
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND: The incidence of illness among students has always been a pressing problem, despite the development of prevention programs. In 2015–2020, there was an increase in incidence among adolescents, most of whom are now students at various universities in our country. Unfortunately, recently, insufficient attention has been paid to educational work and hygienic education in school institutions and educational organizations of the higher education system.
AIMS: To study the incidence of medical university students during their studies and the significance of various factors in their lifestyle that affect the health of students.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A one-time sample study of medical students from the medical and pediatric faculties was conducted, in which respondents from the first to sixth years of study took part. A mandatory criterion was that the participant was 18 years of age or older, and before the study, everyone signed a voluntary informed consent to participate.
RESULTS: 1050 students took part in this study, of which 810 were girls and 240 boys, respectively. The average age of the participants was 20.5±2.3 years. 59% of males who had body mass index (BMI) values within the normal range (18.5-24.9 kg/m2) did not have a single chronic disease in their history; in girls, the incidence increased with increasing BMI.
CONCLUSIONS: Medical school students did not differ significantly from the youth cohort. The incidence rate of respondents, especially in the senior year of study, increased significantly.
Lipedema: a professional community's view
Authors: Artemova Anastasiya S. , Markin Sergey M. , Kravtsov Pavel F.
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND: Lipedema is a chronic disease characterized by abnormal growth of subcutaneous fatty tissue. More than 10% of women have varying degrees of lipedema. Despite the high prevalence of this pathology, to date, there are no full-fledged clinical guidelines, and only sporadic publications have devoted to this disease in the literature.
AIM: To determine the level of immersion of members of the professional community in the diagnosis and treatment of lipedema.
METHODS: Within the framework of the online educational event “Lipedema: 2023” held on the platform “Actual Phlebology” on 22.08.23, 74 physician participants anonymously answered 14 questions on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with lipedema.
RESULTS: In this study, 83.8% of the respondents adhered to the hereditary theory of lipedema development. Only one obvious feature of lipedema, the presence of bilateral symmetrical disproportionate proliferation of adipose tissue on the extremities, was reported by the absolute majority (98.6%) of the specialists interviewed. Less than half of the professional participants noted features such as a feeling of tightness and an excessive tendency to hematoma formation with worsening of symptoms overnight. More than half of the respondents (54.1%) admitted that they were unfamiliar with the classification of lipedema. The main method of conservative treatment of lipedema was considered therapeutic exercise by 74.3% of the respondents. The most popular method of surgical treatment of lipedema is lymphatic liposuction, and which 56.8% of the participants of the professional community are ready to offer this to their patients.
CONCLUSION: The professional community is not sufficiently immersed in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with lipedema. The diversity of current scientific evidence on lipedema requires that it be structured in the development of up-to-date national clinical guidelines.
The most important aspects in the rehabilitation of semiprofessional athletes after an anterior cruciate ligament injury: to operate or not?
Authors: Ulyanov Ilya V. , Proshlyakov Vladimir D. , Zasyadko Konstantin I. , Shumkin Yuri A. , Agaltsova Anna V. , Plesovskikh Ilya V. , Morozova Anna A. , Nikolaeva Alina V. , Frolova Anastasia V.
Published: March 2024

In recent times, accumulating scientific data prove that in patients who have suffered an anterior cruciate ligament injury, their stability of the knee joint can be restored by a properly constructed rehabilitation program, including motor retraining, compliance with tissue healing time, and an innovative approach in physical therapy by long-term immobilization of the knee joint in a special orthosis within 4 weeks, followed by a complete return of the extent of joint movements by 10 weeks of rehabilitation. In addition, numerous cadaveric, histological, and magnetic resonance imaging studies have proved that the anterior cruciate ligament is capable of self-healing after partial or complete disruption. In connection with the new findings, revising the established modern protocols of surgical treatment in the context of its needs for different cohorts of patients is necessary. This article discusses the need for surgical treatment and modern possibilities of conservative therapy after an anterior cruciate ligament injury, rules of inclusion and exclusion of patients for surgical treatment, and key aspects in the physical therapy of patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury.
Broadband Ground-Motion Synthesis via Generative Adversarial Neural Operators: Development and Validation
Authors: Shi Yaozhong , Lavrentiadis Grigorios , Asimaki Domniki , Ross Zachary E. , Azizzadenesheli Kamyar
Published: March 2024

We present a data-driven framework for ground-motion synthesis that generates three-component acceleration time histories conditioned on moment magnitude (M), rupture distance (Rrup), time-average shear-wave velocity at the top 30 m (VS30), and style of faulting. We use a Generative Adversarial Neural Operator (GANO)—a resolution invariant architecture that guarantees model training independent of the data sampling frequency. We first present the conditional ground-motion synthesis algorithm (cGM-GANO) and discuss its advantages compared to the previous work. We next train cGM-GANO on simulated ground motions generated by the Southern California Earthquake Center Broadband Platform (BBP) and on recorded the Kiban–Kyoshin network (KiK-net) data, and show that the model can learn the overall magnitude, distance, and VS30 scaling of effective amplitude spectra (EAS) ordinates and pseudospectral accelerations (PSA). Results specifically show that cGM-GANO produces consistent median scaling with the training data for the corresponding tectonic environments over a wide range of frequencies for scenarios with sufficient data coverage. For the BBP dataset, cGM-GANO cannot learn the ground-motion scaling of the stochastic frequency components (f > 1 Hz); for the KiK-net dataset, the largest misfit is observed at short distances (Rrup<50  km) and for soft-soil conditions (VS30<200  m/s) due to the scarcity of such data. Except for these conditions, the aleatory variability of EAS and PSA are captured reasonably well. Finally, cGM-GANO produces similar median scaling to traditional ground-motion models (GMMs) for frequencies greater than 1 Hz for both PSA and EAS but underestimates the aleatory variability of EAS. Discrepancies in the comparisons between the synthetic ground motions and GMMs are attributed to inconsistencies between the training dataset and the datasets used in GMM development. Our pilot study demonstrates GANO’s potential for efficient synthesis of broadband ground motions.
‘App Kuşağı’nda Zorbalık: Bir Olgubilim Çalışması
Authors: ORTACALAR Didem
Published: March 2024

Bu araştırma ile Türkiye’de ilk defa, okullarda öğrenim gören App Kuşağı’ndaki zorbalık olgusunu ortaya çıkarmak amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın modeli, olgubilimdir ve amaçlı örnekleme stratejilerinden ölçüt örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu araştırmada öncelikli veri toplama tekniği görüşmedir ve görüşmenin yanı sıra doküman incelemesi de kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde sürekli karşılaştırma yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularıyla, katılımcı öğrencilerin çok yoğun ve uzun süreli biçimde psikolojik/sözel zorbalığa maruz kaldıkları ortaya konulmuştur. Ayrıca bu çalışmada seyirci öğrencilerin zorbalık davranışlarına karşı sessiz kaldıkları ve zorbalığın devam ettirilmesine destek verme biçiminde bir rol izledikleri de saptanmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra, okul yöneticilerinin, öğretmenlerin ve de ailelerin zorbalığa müdahale etmede yetersiz kaldıkları da belirlenmiştir. Son olarak, katılımcı öğrencilerin zorbalık davranışlarından akademik, ruhsal, sosyal ve duygusal yönlerden ağır ve olumsuz biçimde etkilendikleri ortaya çıkarılmıştır.
The Necessity of a Standard Prenuptial Agreement for American Muslims
Authors: Malik Ahsen
Published: March 2024

For many Sunni Muslims in the U.S., one of the most important documents in their life might be a marriage contract that unintentionally contains an impermissible amount of gharar (uncertainty). There are seldom disputes when contracts go smoothly, even if gharar is present, but when there are disagreements, it is a cause of major strife. If two Muslims get married, they usually perform a nikāḥ (Islamic marriage contract/ceremony) and then sign a civil marriage contract in their state of residence. Although it would seem that the nikāḥ would imply certain terms for dissolution perhaps based on a classical school of Islamic law or contemporary ijtihād (juristic reasoning) adjusted for modern times and circumstances, the actual authority belongs to a non-Muslim judge and legal system. Does this legal system have a moral right over Muslim marriage contracts in this country, or is the use of such a court an un-Islamic infringement on the other party’s rights and therefore a violation of God’s law? This author recommends couples should explicitly discuss this issue prior to marriage and proposes a standardized prenuptial agreement to minimize unnecessary disputes.
The Effect of Selected Variables on External Debt Stock: The Case of Türkiye
Authors: KADİROĞLU Ahmet
Published: March 2024

The aim of this study is to examine the long-term relationship between trade openness, fixed capital formation, GDP per capita and general government final consumption expenditures on external debt stock, using annual data for the period 1994-2021 in Türkiye, with Johansen cointegration analysis. In this context, FMOLS and CCR coefficient estimators were used to determine the long-term relationships of the variables. According to the findings obtained from the FMOLS and CCR coefficient estimators, the general government final consumption expenditures affected the external debt stock the most among the variables examined in Türkiye in the 1994-2021 period. It was followed by GDP per capita, fixed capital formation and trade openness. In summary, while fixed capital formation, trade openness and general government final consumption expenditures increase Türkiye's external debt stock, GDP per capita decreases the external debt stock in the same economy.
The Digital Transformation: The Forty Years of Marketing Communication Research
Authors: DURMUŞ ŞENYAPAR Hafize Nurgül
Published: March 2024

This in-depth analysis provides insight into the evolution and trends in marketing communication research using data from the Web of Science database. The study reveals a steady annual growth rate of 6.09% in publications, with the United States, China, and the United Kingdom as leading contributors. The field is characterized by its collaborative and interdisciplinary nature, with 71,630 authors contributing significantly. The thematic evaluation highlights the shift to contemporary themes like social media, digital marketing, and ICT. Advanced concepts like blockchain and artificial intelligence suggest future research directions. Keyword analysis highlights the prevalence of digital technologies. IEEE, Elsevier, and Springer Nature are found to be the most productive publishers. Influential authors, including Bacik, Radovan, Fedorko, Richard, and Gil Saura, provide insights into the field’s key contributors. This study offers significant insights for academics, professionals, and policymakers to comprehend the historical, current, and prospective marketing communication pathways.
Increased Usage of Alt Text Is Required Across Ontario Public Library Social Media Feeds to Increase the Accessibility of Content
Authors: King Maria
Published: March 2024

A Review of:
Hill, H., & Oswald, K. (2023). “May be a picture of a dog and a book”: The inaccessibility of public libraries’ social media feeds. Partnership, 18(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.21083/partnership.v18i1.7008
Objective – The research project sought to explore how accessible the social media feeds of Ontario public libraries are, particularly the use of alt text for images, by assessing the usage of alt text and by making recommendations for appropriate use within social media posts.
Design – Collection of social media posts and computer-assisted textual analysis of visual media content.
Setting – 76 public libraries and 9 public library systems in Ontario, Canada.
Subjects – Approximately 900 Ontario public library social media posts from Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.
Methods – A random number generator sampling of 30 libraries per platform from the relevant social media accounts from a spreadsheet created using Ontario Public Library Statistics (OPLS) data of social media usage from the included libraries was initially created capturing 76 individual libraries. Then the researchers performed targeted sampling of posts from the nine library systems serving over 250,000 residents each. Researchers identified the 10 most recent posts from each included platform feed, and then undertook textual analysis for the presence of alt text with each post using two Mozilla Firefox browser extensions that determine the presence of alt text.
Main Results – Of the 76 unique libraries chosen by the random sampling and the nine library systems that serve populations over 250,000, only two regularly used alt text and five had at least one instance of alt text. Only Toronto Public Library regularly included alt text across each of the three social media platforms analyzed by the study. The study also initially aimed to assess the quality of alt text used by public libraries in social media posts. However, due to the lack of alt text use across the sample, this was not possible at the scale initially aimed for, although a small number of examples are analyzed in the findings.
Conclusion – The initial goal of analyzing the alt text to make recommendations for improved usage could not be realized due to the surprising lack of inclusion of any alt text across the sampled posts. This lack of any alt text can prevent some disabled users from engaging with content and information, leading to an inequitable experience. Public libraries should consider how accessible their engagement with users is and seek to improve the accessibility of social media posts.
Academic Librarian Search Committee Members Identify Inclusivity Concerns with On-Campus Interview Practices
Authors: Shen Lisa
Published: March 2024

A Review of:
Houk, K. & Neilson, J. (2023). Inclusive hiring in academic libraries: A qualitative analysis of attitudes and reflections of search committee members. College and Research Libraries, 84(4), 568-588. https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.84.4.568
Objective – To understand how academic librarian search committee members’ perceptions and attitudes affect the equitability and inclusiveness of the on-campus interview process.
Design – Thematic text analysis of open-ended responses to short-answer questions from an online survey.
Setting – Online survey conducted between February and March of 2021.
Subjects – 166 academic librarians who had served on hiring committees for academic librarians in North America between 2016 and 2020.
Methods – Participants for the 33-question survey were recruited through several academic library listservs and social media postings on Facebook, LinkedIn, and Twitter. The researchers first individually reviewed and coded all responses for short answer survey questions, then reviewed the codes together. Finally, a thematic map was developed after the researchers reached a consensus on their shared approach to coding and generating clusters of meanings.
Main Results – Six major clusters were identified through thematic coding of participants’ text responses concerning their experiences of on-campus interview practices as hiring committee members. These themes represented challenges to the inclusiveness of academic librarian searches, and included search committees’ treatment of the interview process as either intentional or situational tests (1), reliance on the ambiguously defined selection criteria of fit (2), experience with varying levels of commitment to diversity, equity, inclusion, antiracism, and accessibility (DEIAA) values (3), frustration with prevalence of institutional bureaucracy throughout the hiring process (4), and uneven adoptions of inclusive hiring (5) or reflective practices (6). The researchers also noted a common respondent mistake of misinterpreting equal (i.e., identical) treatment of candidates as evidence of equitable interview practices.
Conclusion – Findings from this study highlighted the importance of academic institutions and hiring committees adopting reflective practices to critically and intentionally incorporate DEIAA-informed practices in planning and conducting academic librarian searches. The authors also stressed the need to reduce possible biases in hiring practices favoring candidates who conforms to White, ableist, and heteronormative culture and values. Examples of these efforts included considering the necessity of each interview element for assessing candidate performances, proactively ensuring full accessibility of the interview itinerary, and operationalizing the definition of “fit” in assessing candidates’ abilities.