bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of histological presentation in erythroderma
Authors: Megna Matteo , Sidikov Akmal A. , Zaslavsky Denis V. , Chuprov Igor N. , Timoshchuk Elena A. , Egorova Uliya , Wenzel Joerg , Nasyrov Ruslan A.
Published: February 2017

Background

Erythroderma is a serious medical condition characterized by inflamed red skin involving over 90% of the body. It can be the common presentation of different diseases, therefore clinical diagnosis can be problematic. Controversial data are reported regarding the diagnostic value of histological examination in erythroderma subjects.

Methods

A retrospective study was performed, investigating histological skin specimens of patients with a clinical diagnosis of erythroderma admitted to the Department of Dermatology of State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, from 2001 to 2014. Histopathology examination was performed in each case by a pathologist with a special interest in the skin disease who was blind to any clinical information as well as to final diagnosis.

Results

Blinded histopathology examination alone was able to give the correct diagnosis in 61% (n = 50/82) of cases when compared to final diagnosis. A diagnosis of psoriasis was made in 23.2% (n = 19/82) of subjects, spongiotic dermatitis/eczema in 20.7% (n = 17/82), mycosis fungoides in 8.5% (n = 7/82), and drug eruption in 8.5%; histological diagnosis was inconclusive or not matching the final diagnosis when available in the remaining 39.1% of cases (n = 32/82).

Conclusion

Erythroderma remains a condition difficult to study and treat. We showed that a correct judgment about its cause can be based on objective histopathological criteria in up to 60% of cases. More studies are needed to try to find out further histological and/or immunohistochemical markers that could help the clinician with the erythroderma etiology diagnostic process.
Success of classical biocontrol agent Torymus sinensis within its expanding range in Europe
Authors: Matošević D. , Lacković N. , Kos K. , Kriston E. , Melika G. , Rot M. , Pernek M.
Published: February 2017

Torymus sinensis Kamijo (Hymenoptera, Torymidae), a classical biocontrol agent of chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae), was released in Croatia, Slovenia and Hungary in 2015. Following the introduction, the research of parasitism rates and population genetic indices on 40 different sites was performed to monitor and evaluate the success of establishment. The observed parasitism rates were unexpectedly high and negatively correlated with the distance from westernmost locality, while population genetic indices showed that populations of T. sinensis did not suffer from bottleneck‐induced founder effect phenomenon. Moreover, lack of genetic differentiation demonstrates that all populations share similar genetic structure, which could be shaped only by high levels of gene flow. We conclude that T. sinensis established viable and genetically diverse populations and successfully spread naturally from Italy across Slovenia to Croatia and Hungary.
The State in Waiting: State‐ness Disputes in Indigenous Territories
Authors: Martínez Juan Carlos
Published: February 2017

Este artículo analiza los límites del estado mexicano de garantizar los derechos de las comunidades indígenas y los pasos que han tomado las comunidades para intentar y asegurar que sus derechos sean garantizados en la práctica. Este análisis contribuye a la antropología del estado, específicamente la que discute que la formación y las funciones del Estado tiene lugar fuera de las instituciones gubernamentales. El caso de la presa Cerro de Oro y el proyecto de conversion hidroeléctrica en el estado de Oaxaca revela cómo los derechos son ignorados por los servidores públicos y subordinados a los intereses del gran capital trasnacional en la nueva fase de expansión capitalista. Mi principal hipótesis es que el estado neoliberal genera una tensa contradicción al tratar simultáneamente de garantizar los intereses de las grandes empresas y los derechos de los pueblos indígenas. En esta contradicción, el gobierno mexicano ha abandonado el ejercicio de la soberanía, generando disputas entre empresas privadas y comunidades locales para asumir funciones del estado creando sus propias condiciones de Estado o lo que algunos autores en América Latina han llamado “estatalidad”.
Unusual location of primary hydatid cyst diagnosed on aspiration cytology
Authors: Singal Rikki , Mittal Amit , Garg Monika , Zaman Muzzafar , Chaudhry Manish , Singal Samita , Sharma Bhanu Pratap
Published: February 2017

Hydatid cyst (HC) is a parasitic infection caused by Echinococcus granulosus. It occurs frequently in liver and lungs. Hydatid cyst of neck is extremely rare occurrence, and here, we report it with this unusual location. A 25‐year‐old male nonhypertensive and nondiabetic presented with slowly growing painless swelling in right side of neck for 4‐5 years. The swelling measured 5 × 3 cm and was of soft to firm consistency. Fine needle aspiration cytology yielded fluid aspirate and smear showed features suggestive of HC. The intact cyst was removed surgically, and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of hydatid cyst.
Short‐ and long‐term complications and the impact on quality of life after cervical conization by harmonic scalpel
Authors: Furugori Megumi , Asai‐Sato Mikiko , Katayama Kayoko , Hirahara Fumiki , Miyagi Etsuko
Published: February 2017

Aim

The incidence of non‐obstetrical complications after cervical conization is low, and women receive minimal postsurgical attention. In this study, we investigated whether women felt any discomfort after undergoing conization by harmonic scalpel, one of the hot‐knife devices widely used in Japan.

Methods

Eighty‐eight women aged 20–47 years who were still experiencing menstrual cycles and had undergone harmonic conization participated in a questionnaire survey regarding perisurgical complications and postsurgical changes in gynecological issues. Correlations between the occurrence of postoperative complications and clinical characteristics were analyzed.

Results

Regarding the complications immediately after the surgery, 37 women (45.1%) complained of postoperative bleeding that was heavier than their usual menstrual bleeding, and 14 (18.2%) reported that the postsurgical bleeding was greater than they had expected. Regarding long‐term gynecological changes after conization, 27 women (30.7%) reported that the duration of menstrual bleeding had increased after the surgery, 20 (22.7%) indicated that pain during menstruation had changed, and 40 (45.5%) stated that the amount of menstrual bleeding had changed. Irregular genital bleeding outside of menstruation appeared in 23 women (26.4%). Additionally, 24 (27.6%) of the women reported that the conization procedure negatively impacted their quality of life. Finally, the occurrence of long‐term atypical bleeding after the surgery was significantly correlated with the thickness and circumference of the tissue specimen.

Conclusion

Several women experienced a significant change in quality of life after harmonic conization. Women who undergo conization should receive a comprehensive preoperative overview of the procedure and attentive postsurgical care.
Comparison of thyroid function tests and blood count in pregnant women with versus without gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Gorar Suheyla , Abanonu Gul Babacan , Uysal Aysel , Erol Onur , Unal Aysun , Uyar Seyit , Cekin Ayhan Hilmi
Published: February 2017

Aim

The aim of this study was to compare thyroid function and complete blood count parameters in pregnant women with versus without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods

A total of 269 pregnant women patients with (n = 110, GDM group) or without (n = 159, non‐GDM group) GDM were included in this study. Data on age, rate of cesarean section, birthweight of neonate, hemogram, and thyroid function tests were collected. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine factors predicting increased risk of GDM.

Results

Rate of cesarean section (70.9 vs 57.2%, P = 0.022), median (max–min) age (33.0 [26.0] vs 26.0 [20.0] years, P < 0.001), platelet count (246.7 ± 68.3 vs 227.8 ± 64.2 ×103/μL, P = 0.021) and thyroid‐stimulating hormone (1.3 [97.6] vs 1.0 [4.1] μIU/mL, P = 0.028) were significantly higher in the GDM than in the non‐GDM group; whereas mean platelet volume (10.4 [5.3] vs 10.6 [5.6] fL, P = 0.031) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) (2.9 [3.6] vs 3.1 [3.0] pg/mL, P < 0.001) levels were significantly lower in the GDM than in the non‐GDM group. Older age (odds ratio, 1.281; 95% confidence interval, 1.182–1.389, P < 0.001) and lower FT3 levels (odds ratio, 0.295; 95% confidence interval, 0.149–0.586, P < 0.001) were independently associated with increased risk of GDM.

Conclusion

Our findings revealed that lower FT3 levels and older age predict the likelihood of developing GDM in euthyroid pregnant women, with no influence of other thyroid hormones or blood counts on the risk of GDM.
Having fewer than 21 teeth associated with poorer general health among South Australians
Authors: Jamieson Lisa , Brennan David , Peres Marco A. , Luzzi Liana , Miller Caroline , Bowden Jacqui , McCaffrey Nikki
Published: February 2017

Objective

To explore whether having less than 21 teeth is associated with poorer general health in a representative population sample of South Australians.

Methods

Data were from a cross‐sectional state‐based survey, conducted from September to December 2013. Complete data were available for 2,908 participants (58 percent response rate). General health‐related quality of life (HrQOL), as measured by the EuroQol instrument (EQ‐5D‐5L), was the main outcome measure. Total disutility scores were calculated, with the five individual EQ‐5D dimensions then dichotomized into “no problems” and “at least one problem.” The main explanatory variable was self‐reported missing teeth, as assessed by having <21 teeth versus 21+ teeth in a questionnaire.

Results

Overall, disutility was low (0.09) (ranges from 0 to 1, with high scores indicating poorer general health). In multivariable analysis, total disutility was positively associated with older age, lower annual household income, lower levels of physical activity, being a current tobacco smoker, receiving mental health treatment and <21 teeth. When individual dimensions were considered, missing teeth remained significantly associated with mobility problems (PR 1.26, 95 percent CI 1.06, 1.50) and pain/discomfort (PR 1.16, 95 percent CI 1.06, 1.27).

Conclusions

Missing teeth was associated with poor general health status as measured by EQ‐5D‐5L disutility. The relationship was especially evident with respect to mobility and pain/discomfort. The findings emphasize the importance of oral health as predictors of general health.
The role of healthcare system in dental check‐ups in 27 European countries: multilevel analysis
Authors: Kino Shiho , Bernabé Eduardo , Sabbah Wael
Published: February 2017

Objective

To examine whether public expenditure on health and Euro Health Consumer Index (EHCI) are associated with dental check‐ups in European countries.

Methods

Individual data were from Eurobarometer 72.3, 2009 a cross‐national survey of 27 European countries. Eligible participants were those aged 18 years and older in 27 European countries. Dental check‐ups reflected dental visits for oral examination and getting advice on oral health in the last 12 months. Individual factors included age, gender, marital status, urbanisation, education, subjective social status, and difficulty in paying bills. Public expenditure on health as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) and EHCI were used as contextual factors. A set of multilevel logistic regression models was used to examine the relationship between dental check‐ups and each of healthcare expenditure and EHCI adjusting for demographic factors, GDP per capita and socioeconomic indicators.

Results

Total number included in the analysis was 23,842. Participants in countries with greater healthcare expenditure and higher score of EHCI were significantly 1.17 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.32) and 1.30 times (95% CI: 1.04, 1.64) more likely to report dental check‐ups within the past 12 months after accounting for demographic characteristics, GDP per capita, and all socioeconomic indicators.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that greater governmental support for the healthcare and better characteristics of healthcare system are positively associated with routine dental attendance.
Preventive benefit of access to fluoridated water for young adults
Authors: Spencer A. John , Liu Pingzhou , Armfield Jason Mathew , Do Loc Giang
Published: February 2017

Water fluoridation has been repeatedly associated with lower caries experience in children but uncertainty still exists on strength and extent of the association into adulthood.

Objective

To analyze the preventive effect of access to fluoridated water on dental caries among young adults.

Methods

In 1991/92 a cross‐section of South Australian children aged 5‐17 were recruited. Parents provided information on residential history, socioeconomic status, and behaviors. Children were dentally examined. Across 2006/2011, these participants were traced and recruited to follow‐up examination. Similar data were updated. Residential history was used to compute percent lifetime access to fluoridated water (%LAFW). The participants underwent examinations scoring tooth surfaces decayed, missing and filled due to caries (DMFS). Unadjusted and adjusted models were generated using generalized linear modeling to estimate rate ratios (RR).

Results

Half of the 1991/92 participants traced could be recruited (n = 1,221) aged 20‐35 years. Mean DMFS was 5.57 (95 percent CI: 5.0‐6.1). Adjusted RR of DMFS for %LAFW (Birth‐2006) 0‐75 percent against 100 percent was 1.26 (1.01‐1.57). RRs for 0‐75 percent against 100 percent of %LAFW (1991‐2006) and %LAFW (Birth‐2006) were higher than that for %LAFW (Birth‐1991). However, these differences were small once the comparisons were adjusted for all covariates.

Conclusion

Early life access to fluoridated water was not as strongly associated with caries outcomes than either full lifetime access or access across the more proximal years with the caries outcome of young adults, especially after adjustment for covariates which may become increasingly important across longer spans of the life course.
Timing of the evolutionary history of Corallinaceae (Corallinales, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Rösler Anja , Perfectti Francisco , Peña Viviana , Aguirre Julio , Braga Juan Carlos
Published: February 2017

The temporal dimension of the most recent Corallinaceae (order Corallinales) phylogeny was presented here, based on first occurrence time estimates from the fossil record. Calibration of the molecular clock of the genetic marker SSU entailed a separation of Corallinales from Hapalidiales in the Albian (Early Cretaceous ~105 mya). Neither the calibration nor the fossil record resolved the succession of appearance of the first three emerging subfamilies: Mastophoroideae, Corallinoideae, and Neogoniolithoideae. The development of the tetra/bisporangial conceptacle roofs by filaments surrounding and interspersed among the sporangial initials was an evolutionary novelty emerging at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary (~66 mya). This novelty was shared by the subfamilies Hydrolithoideae, Metagoniolithoideae, and Lithophylloideae, which diverged in the early Paleogene. Subclades within the Metagoniolithoideae and Lithophylloideae diversified in the late Oligocene–middle Miocene (~28–12 mya). The most common reef corallinaceans (Hydrolithon, Porolithon, Harveylithon, “Pneophyllum” conicum, and subclades within Lithophylloideae) appeared in this interval in the Indo‐Australian Archipelago.
Complete mitochondrial genomes of prasinophyte algae Pyramimonas parkeae and Cymbomonas tetramitiformis
Authors: Satjarak Anchittha , Burns John A. , Kim Eunsoo , Graham Linda E.
Published: February 2017

Mitochondria are archetypal eukaryotic organelles that were acquired by endosymbiosis of an ancient species of alpha‐proteobacteria by the last eukaryotic common ancestor. The genetic information contained within the mitochondrial genome has been an important source of information for resolving relationships among eukaryotic taxa. In this study, we utilized mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes to explore relationships among prasinophytes. Prasinophytes are represented by diverse early‐diverging green algae whose physical structures and genomes have the potential to elucidate the traits of the last common ancestor of the Viridiplantae (or Chloroplastida). We constructed de novo mitochondrial genomes for two prasinophyte algal species, Pyramimonas parkeae and Cymbomonas tetramitiformis, representing the prasinophyte clade. Comparisons of genome structure and gene order between these species and to those of other prasinophytes revealed that the mitochondrial genomes of P. parkeae and C. tetramitiformis are more similar to each other than to other prasinophytes, consistent with other molecular inferences of the close relationship between these two species. Phylogenetic analyses using the inferred amino acid sequences of mitochondrial and chloroplast protein‐coding genes resolved a clade consisting of P. parkeae and C. tetramitiformis; and this group (representing the prasinophyte clade I) branched with the clade II, consistent with previous studies based on the use of nuclear gene markers.
Axial Strain Accelerations Approach for Damage Localization in Statically Determinate Truss Structures
Authors: Blachowski Bartlomiej , An Yonghui , Spencer Billie F. , Ou Jinping
Published: February 2017

This work proposes an efficient and reliable method for damage localization in truss structures. The damage is localized on the basis of measured acceleration signals of the structure followed by simple statistical signal processing. It has three main advantages over many existing methods. First, it can be directly applied to real engineering structures without the need of identifying modal parameters or solving any global optimization problem. Second, the proposed method has higher sensitivity to damage than some other frequently used methods and allows to localize damage as small as a few percentages. Third, it is a model‐free method, which does not require precise finite element model development or updating. Validation of the method has been conducted on numerical examples and laboratory‐scale trusses. Two types of frequently used trusses have been selected for this study, namely, Howe and Bailey trusses. The presented experimental validation of the method shows its efficiency and robustness for damage localization in truss structures.
Circulating glutathione concentrations in marine, semiaquatic, and terrestrial mammals
Authors: García‐Castañeda Omar , Gaxiola‐Robles Ramón , Kanatous Shane , Zenteno‐Savín Tania
Published: February 2017

An important low molecular weight antioxidant in biological systems is glutathione; its efficiency depends on the equilibrium between its reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) forms. The oxidized:total glutathione (GSSG:GSH‐Eq) ratio can be used as an indicator of oxidative stress. Previous studies suggest that marine mammals, unlike terrestrial mammals, do not show adverse effects in tissues exposed to ischemia/reperfusion during the peripheral vasoconstriction associated with breath‐hold diving. This is due, in part, to higher antioxidant enzyme activities in marine mammals compared with terrestrial mammals. The objective of this study was to compare circulating glutathione levels among mammals with different diving capacities. Circulating GSH‐Eq, GSH, and GSSG concentrations in erythrocyte samples from northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris), bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), neotropical otters (Lontra longicaudis annectens), domestic pigs (Sus scrofa), and humans were quantified using spectrophotometry. Higher GSH‐Eq and GSH concentrations and a lower GSSG:GSH‐Eq index were found in erythrocytes from northern elephant seals and bottlenose dolphins as compared to otters, domestic pigs, and humans. Results suggest that marine mammals, independent of their diving capacity, possess a highly developed antioxidant system, including GSH; continuous availability of GSH could allow these species to avoid oxidative damage and tolerate ischemia/reperfusion and hypoxia/reoxygenation events associated with diving.
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and celiac disease: A systematic review with pooled‐data analysis
Authors: Losurdo G. , Marra A. , Shahini E. , Girardi B. , Giorgio F. , Amoruso A. , Pisani A. , Piscitelli D. , Barone M. , Principi M. , Di Leo A. , Ierardi E.
Published: February 2017

Background

A link between small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and celiac disease (CD) has been hypothesized.

Methods

Literature search was performed in main medical databases. Methods of analysis/inclusion criteria were based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses recommendations. The end‐point was to estimate, by a pooled‐data analysis, SIBO prevalence in CD. Proportions/percentages and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by inverse variance method, whereas odd ratios (OR) and their 95% CI were estimated, where available, based on the Mantel‐Haenszel method. Data were entered into the RevMan 5.3 software.

Key Results

Eleven articles fulfilled considered criteria. The pooled mean prevalence of SIBO in CD was 20% (95% CI of 10%‐30%). In comparison to asymptomatic controls, CD was associated to higher risk of SIBO, with an OR of 10.52 (95% CI 2.69‐41.21, P=.0007). Jejunal aspirate culture assessed SIBO prevalence of 11% (95% CI 3%‐19%) in CD, whereas breath tests detected a higher value (23%, 95% CI 10%‐37%). The pooled prevalence of SIBO in CD patients who were symptomatic despite a GFD was 28% (95% CI 10%‐47%), higher than in asymptomatic celiac patients (pooled prevalence of 10%, with a 95% CI of 3%‐16%), despite not statistically significant (P=.06). When GFD‐unresponsive CD was defined only by clinical persistence of symptoms, the prevalence of SIBO was higher than in the case of villous atrophy association (31% vs 16% P=.33).

Conclusions

The heterogeneity of available studies may not support a relationship SIBO‐CD. Nevertheless, SIBO could be more common in CD when symptoms do not improve after GFD.
Why we need more non‐seed plant models
Authors: Rensing Stefan A.
Published: February 2017

Out of a hundred sequenced and published land plant genomes, four are not of flowering plants. This severely skewed taxonomic sampling hinders our comprehension of land plant evolution at large. Moreover, most genetically accessible model species are flowering plants as well. If we are to gain a deeper understanding of how plants evolved and still evolve, and which of their developmental patterns are ancestral or derived, we need to study a more diverse set of plants. Here, I thus argue that we need to sequence genomes of so far neglected lineages, and that we need to develop more non‐seed plant model species.

Contents

Summary
355

I.
Introduction
355

II.
Evo‐devo: inference of how plants evolved
356

III.
We need more diversity
356

IV.
Genomes are necessary, but not sufficient
357

V.
What do we need?
358

VI.
Conclusions
359

Acknowledgements
359

References
359
How Social Media Splits the Global Conversation
Authors: Gardels Nathan , Berggruen Nicolas
Published: February 2017

A disconnect has emerged between authority and influence, between the established platforms of informed public debate and the new dominance of social media.
Mass extinctions over the last 500 myr: an astronomical cause?
Authors: Erlykin Anatoly D. , Harper David A. T. , Sloan Terry , Wolfendale Arnold W.
Published: February 2017

A Fourier analysis of the magnitudes and timing of the Phanerozoic mass extinctions (MEs) demonstrates that many of the periodicities claimed in other analyses are not statistically significant. Moreover we show that the periodicities associated with oscillations of the Solar System about the galactic plane are too irregular to give narrow peaks in the Fourier periodograms. This leads us to conclude that, apart from possibly a small number of major events, astronomical causes for MEs can largely be ruled out.
Flexible conceptual combination: Electrophysiological correlates and consequences for associative memory
Authors: Lucas Heather D. , Hubbard Ryan J. , Federmeier Kara D.
Published: February 2017

When meaningful stimuli such as words are encountered in groups or pairs (e.g., “elephant‐ferry”), they can be processed either separately or as an integrated concept (“an elephant ferry”). Prior research suggests that memory for integrated associations is supported by different mechanisms than is memory for nonintegrated associations. However, little is known about the neurocognitive mechanisms that support the integration of novel stimulus pairs. We recorded ERPs while participants memorized sequentially presented, unrelated noun pairs using a strategy that either did or did not involve attempting to construct coherent definitions. We varied the concreteness of the first noun in each pair to examine whether conceptual combination instructions would induce compositional concreteness effects, or differences in ERPs evoked by the second noun as a function of the concreteness of the first noun. We found that the conceptual combination task, but not the noncombinatory encoding task, produced compositional concreteness effects on a late frontal negativity previously linked to visual imagery. Moreover, word pairs studied under conceptual combination instructions showed evidence of more unitized or holistic memory representations on associative recognition and free recall tests. Finally, item analyses indicated that (a) items with higher normed imageability ratings were rated by participants as easier to conceptually combine, and (b) in the conceptual combination task, ease‐of‐combination ratings mediated an indirect relationship between imageability and subsequent associative memory. These data are suggestive of a role of compositional imagery in the online formation of novel concepts via conceptual combination.
Phylogenomic species delimitation and host‐symbiont coevolution in the fungus‐farming ant genus SericomyrmexMayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): ultraconserved elements (UCEs) resolve a recent radiation
Authors: JEŠOVNIK ANA , SOSA‐CALVO JEFFREY , LLOYD MICHAEL W. , BRANSTETTER MICHAEL G. , FERNÁNDEZ FERNANDO , SCHULTZ TED R.
Published: February 2017

Ants in the Neotropical genus Sericomyrmex Mayr cultivate fungi for food. Both ants and fungi are obligate, coevolved symbionts. The taxonomy of Sericomyrmex is problematic because the morphology of the worker caste is generally homogeneous across all of the species within the genus, species limits are vague, and the relationships between them are unknown. We used ultraconserved elements (UCEs) as genome‐scale markers to reconstruct evolutionary history and to infer species boundaries in Sericomyrmex. We recovered an average of ∼990 UCE loci for 88 Sericomyrmex samples from across the geographical range of the genus as well as for five outgroup taxa. Using maximum likelihood and species‐tree approaches, we recovered nearly identical topologies across datasets with 50–95% matrix completeness. We identify nine species‐level lineages in Sericomyrmex, including two new species. This is less than the previously described 19 species, even accounting for two species for which we had no UCE samples, which brings the total number of Sericomyrmex species to 11. Divergence‐dating analyses recovered 4.3 Ma as the crown‐group age estimates for Sericomyrmex, indicating a recent, rapid radiation. We also sequenced mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) for 125 specimens. Resolution and support for clades in our COI phylogeny are weak, indicating that COI is not an appropriate species‐delimitation tool. However, taxa within species consistently cluster together, suggesting that COI is useful as a species identification (‘DNA barcoding’) tool. We also sequenced internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) for 32 Sericomyrmex fungal cultivars. The fungal phylogeny confirms that Sericomyrmex fungi are generalized higher‐attine cultivars, interspersed with Trachymyrmex‐associated fungal species, indicating cultivar sharing and horizontal transfer between these two genera. Our results indicate that UCEs offer immense potential for delimiting and resolving relationships of problematic, recently diverged species.
Cancer type predicts alloimmunization following RhD‐incompatible RBC transfusions
Authors: Arora Komal , Kelley James , Sui Dawen , Ning Jing , Martinez Fernando , Lichtiger Benjamin , Tholpady Ashok
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND

Immunosuppressed, RhD‐negative oncology patients tend to have lower rates of sensitization to the D antigen when they receive transfusion with RhD‐positive blood components. Clinical factors associated with alloimmunization to the D antigen in RhD‐negative oncology patients when they receive transfusion with RhD‐positive red blood cells (RBCs) have not been well defined.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

This was a 4‐year, retrospective analysis identifying RhD‐negative oncology patients who received RhD‐positive RBCs and were not previously alloimmunized to the D antigen. Age, sex, race, ABO group, primary oncology diagnosis, and numbers of RhD‐incompatible RBC transfusions were recorded. The association between antibody formation and clinical factors was studied. The incidence of alloanti‐D was calculated from a subsequent antibody‐detection test performed at least 28 days after receipt of the first transfusion of RhD‐positive RBCs.

RESULTS

In total, 545 RhD‐negative oncology patients received 4295 RhD‐positive RBC transfusions. Of these, 76 (14%) became alloimmunized to the D antigen. Diagnosis type was the only factor significantly associated with responder status. The logistic regression model indicated that patients who had myelodysplastic syndrome or solid malignancies were more likely to be responders than those who had acute leukemia.

CONCLUSION

We measured a 14% sensitization rate to the D antigen in our RhD‐negative oncology population. The rate of alloimmunization was higher in patients who had solid cancers (22.6%) or myelodysplastic syndrome (23%) compared with those who had other hematologic malignancies (7%). Knowledge of diagnoses that predispose to RhD alloimmunization enables better utilization of RhD‐negative RBCs during times of shortage.
Properties of pseudomorphic and relaxed germanium1−xtinx alloys (x < 0.185) grown by MBE
Authors: Hickey Ryan , Fernando Nalin , Zollner Stefan , Hart John , Hazbun Ramsey , Kolodzey James
Published: February 2017

Epitaxial layers of Ge1−xSnx with Sn compositions up to 18.5% were grown on Ge (100) substrates via solid-source molecular beam epitaxy. Crystallographic information was determined by high resolution x-ray diffraction, and composition was verified by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. The surface roughness, measured via atomic force microscopy and variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry, was found to scale with the layer thickness and the Sn concentration, but not to the extent of strain relaxation. In addition, x-ray rocking curve peak broadening was found not to trend with strain relaxation. The optical response of the Ge1−xSnx alloys was measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry. With increasing Sn content, the E1 and E1 + Δ1 critical points shifted to lower energies, and closely matched the deformation potential theory calculations for both pseudomorphic and relaxed Ge1−xSnx layers. The dielectric functions of the high Sn and strain relaxed material were similar to bulk germanium, but with slightly lower energies.
Growth of InGaAsP solar cells and their application to triple-junction top cells used in smart stack multijunction solar cells
Authors: Sugaya Takeyoshi , Nagato Yuki , Okano Yoshinobu , Oshima Ryuji , Tayagaki Takeshi , Makita Kikuo , Matsubara Koji
Published: February 2017

The authors report on high-quality InGaAsP (1.61–1.65 eV) solar cells grown on a GaAs substrate; their study is the first to grow these using solid-source molecular beam epitaxy (SS-MBE). A temperature of 430 °C was found to be suitable for the growth of the InGaAsP solar cells. The properties of these InGaAsP solar cells were found to be better than those of AlGaAs solar cells that had the same bandgap energy, and it was found to be suitable for use as the second cell in a triple-junction top cell used in a smart stack multijunction solar cell. The authors also developed an InGaP/InGaAsP/GaAs solar cell and found that it had an impressive open-circuit voltage of 3.16 V. This result indicates that high-performance InGaP/InGaAsP/GaAs triple-junction solar cells can be fabricated using SS-MBE.
Sub-10 nm plasma nanopatterning of InGaAs with nearly vertical and smooth sidewalls for advanced n-fin field effect transistors on silicon
Authors: Chouchane Fares , Salem Bassem , Gay Guillaume , Martin Mickael , Pargon Erwine , Bassani Franck , Arnaud Sandrine , David Sylvain , Alcotte Reynald , Labau Sébastien , Moeyart Jérémy , Baron Thierry
Published: February 2017

This work focuses on the nanopatterning of sub-10 nm InGaAs fins by inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching for advanced III−V n-fin field effect transistors (n-FinFETs) on silicon. First, different chlorine chemistries have been investigated and compared in order to select the most adequate one for the FinFETs process. Following this analysis, the BCl3/SiCl4/Ar mixture was selected for the remaining of the work. Thus, a systematic study of the etching process based on this chemistry has been carried out, and the effects of the experimental conditions on the etching kinetics and the sidewalls quality have been revealed. The optimized results depict 8 nm width fins with smooth (line edge roughness ≈2 nm) and almost vertical (85° ± 1) sidewalls, opening the way for sub-10 nm width InGaAs FinFETs on silicon.
Vocal imitation of synthesised sounds varying in pitch, loudness and spectral centroid
Authors: Mehrabi Adib , Dixon Simon , Sandler Mark B.
Published: February 2017

Vocal imitations are often used to convey sonic ideas [Lemaitre, Dessein, Susini, and Aura. (2011). Ecol. Psych. 23(4), 267–307]. For computer based systems to interpret these vocalisations, it is advantageous to apply knowledge of what happens when people vocalise sounds where the acoustic features have different temporal envelopes. In the present study, 19 experienced musicians and music producers were asked to imitate 44 sounds with one or two feature envelopes applied. The study addresses two main questions: (1) How accurately can people imitate ramp and modulation envelopes for pitch, loudness, and spectral centroid?; (2) What happens to this accuracy when people are asked to imitate two feature envelopes simultaneously? The results show that experienced musicians can imitate pitch, loudness, and spectral centroid accurately, and that imitation accuracy is generally preserved when the imitated stimuli combine two, non-necessarily congruent features. This demonstrates the viability of using the voice as a natural means of expressing time series of two features simultaneously.
Effective fiber diameter for modeling the acoustic properties of polydisperse fiber networks
Authors: Luu Hoang Tuan , Panneton Raymond , Perrot Camille
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this research is to determine whether the acoustic properties of polydisperse fibrous medium (PDFM) and bidisperse fibrous medium (BDFM) can be modeled by monodisperse fiber media (MDFM) with an effective fiber diameter. Multi-scale numerical simulations on representative elementary volumes of these media are performed to retrieve the transport and geometrical properties governing their acoustic properties. Results show no significant difference between predictions obtained by PDFM or BDFM, and their corresponding effective MDFM.
How Coaching Philosophy Drives Coaching Action: A Case Study of Renowned Wrestling Coach J Robinson
Authors: Gould Daniel , Pierce Scott , Cowburn Ian , Driska Andrew
Published: February 2017

This case study examined the coaching philosophy of J Robinson, one of the most respected and successful NCAA wrestling coaches in the United States, and the founder of J Robison Intensive Wrestling Camps. Research has that shown that his camps foster short and long term psychological development in its youth participants (Driska et al., in press; Pierce, et al., 2016). He has established a well-delineated system for developing psychological skills in young athletes. The researchers were therefore interested in understanding the link between his coaching philosophy and coaching behavior, and in identifying factors that have influenced the development of this coaching philosophy over his lifetime. Using a case study approach, in-depth interviews at several points in time with Robinson were conducted. These were supplemented with interviews with camp staff and observations of the camp and Robinson’s coaching. Results revealed that Robinson had a clearly defined philosophy, was very intentional in developing mental skills, and had clearly thought out rationales that guided his coaching actions. The coaching philosophy and approach to developing psychological skills in youth evolved over 35 years of implementing these camps and from Robinson’s own life experiences. Implications for studying coach development and delivering coaching education are provided.
Cultivating a Community of Practice to Enable Coach Development in Alpine Ski Coaches
Authors: Garner Paul , Hill Denise M.
Published: February 2017

Given the enduring focus of coach education on the development of professional knowledge (e.g., technique, strategy, and tactics), the current study aimed to explore how a Community of Practice (CoP) impacted coach development of interpersonal and intrapersonal knowledge. Côté and Gilbert’s (2009) definition of coaching expertise was used as a model to observe learning in a community of practice (CoP; Wenger, McDermott & Snyder, 2002). A total of eight internationally qualified ski coaches (aged 27–44 years) took part in weekly meetings over a period of six weeks, with the lead researcher cultivating a CoP and ensuring coaching issues were the focus of discussion. Meetings were audio-recorded and the data transcribed and analysed thematically. Results revealed that coaches developed both interpersonal and intrapersonal knowledge through enhanced emotional intelligence, gaining an athlete-centred approach, storytelling, group reflection and changing role frames. The findings are positioned within the extant literature, with implication for coach education practice identified.
Integrating Mental Skills and Strategies Into Youth Sport Training: A Tool for Coaches
Authors: Zakrajsek Rebecca A. , Lauer E. Earlynn , Bodey Kimberly J.
Published: February 2017

Youth sport has traditionally focused on developing athletes physically, technically, and tactically; however, it is important to consider the purposeful development of mental and emotional sport skills for these competitors. Youth athletes experience various stressors within their sport participation that impact their ability to successfully manage the sport environment. Youth sport coaches have a tremendous influence on their athletes and are in a position to help them develop the necessary skills to effectively confront the stress they experience. In addition, the International Sport Coaching Framework identifies six primary functions of coaches to help “fulfil the core purpose of guiding improvement and development” of youth athletes (International Council for Coaching Excellence, 2013, p. 16). This article outlines the developmental stage considerations for working with youth athletes and a tool coaches can use to integrate mental skills development strategies into sport practices. Utilizing the evidence-based steps within this article fosters a holistic and developmentally appropriate approach to performance enhancement and personal development, as both are important objectives for youth sport coaches.
Coaching and Coach Education in Russia: Ice Hockey
Authors: Bespomoshchnov Vladislav A. , Mikhno Leonid V.
Published: February 2017

The purpose of article is to provide an overview of coaching and coach education in Russia with a focus on ice hockey coaching. The coach education system in Russia is in a transitional stage. Previously, it was a threestage model: Baccalaureate Degree, Specialist Degree and Master’s Degree in any sport (Mikhno, Vinokurov, & Maryanovich, 2004). However, a law created by The Ministry of Sport (2014) delegated the establishment of a coaching certification system to each of the sports federations. The Russian Ice Hockey Federation (RIHF) proposed a 4-level license system. The N.G. Puchkov’s Ice Hockey Coaching Academy is the modern school for ice hockey coaches, which has evolved from Tarasov’s Higher Education School for Ice Hockey Coaches. Anatoly Tarasov is the Russian ice hockey coach who developed the system in the 1920s when ice hockey was first introduced to the USSR. Ice hockey coach education in Russia is gradually developing every year.
An unusual vaginal lump
Authors: Seppings Stella Clare , Samir Hashim , Abdelrahman Islam
Published: February 2017

A 46-year-old woman presented with a 2-week history of a painless golf ball sized lump in her vagina. Despite transvaginal ultrasound scan, biopsy and MRI, it was only after surgery had been performed that it became clear what the nature of the mass actually was.

Immunohistochemistry revealed the lump to be an aggressive angiomyxoma. Follow-up MRI showed residual (or recurrence of) angiomyxoma which was successfully treated with monthly injections ofProstap(leuprorelin acetate), a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist. Further MRI showed complete resolution of the lesion.
Not your usual constipation: stercoral perforation
Authors: Marget Matthew , Ammar Hussam
Published: February 2017

Stercoral perforation is a rare cause of bowel perforation. It is caused by faecal impaction, which generates pressure against the colon wall, leading to ischaemic necrosis and subsequent perforation. Since diagnosis is often delayed, stercoral perforation is usually mistreated as constipation or faecal impaction, leading to high mortality. This report presents a case of stercoral perforation in a woman aged 34 years who was promptly diagnosed and successfully treated.
Large-diameter helical pile capacity – torque correlations
Authors: Harnish Jared , El Naggar M. Hesham
Published: February 2017

Large-diameter helical piles are utilized increasingly to support heavy structures. Both the magnitude of the required installation torque and the pile capacity can be directly attributed to the soil shearing resistance developed over the embedded area of the pile including the shaft and helical plates. Hence, the pile capacity can be correlated to installation torque. Such correlations are widely used in the helical pile industry as a means for quality control and quality assurance. In the current study, a total of 10 test piles were installed while monitoring the installation torque continuously with depth. The recorded installation torque profiles were demonstrated to be accurate and repeatable. Field pile load tests were conducted and their results were analyzed to determine the interpreted ultimate capacity of the test piles. The results demonstrate that the ultimate capacity of large-diameter helical piles can be interpreted from pile load test data employing the failure criteria proposed by Elkasabgy and El Naggar in 2015 and Fuller and Hoy in 1970. The measured installation torque and corresponding ultimate capacity values were employed to define torque–capacity correlation (Kt) based on embedded pile area. It was demonstrated that the proposed Kt is suitable for large-diameter helical piles.
Effect ofortho-substituted aniline on the corrosion protection of aluminum in 2 mol/L H2SO4solution
Authors: El-Deeb Mohamed M. , Alshammari Hamed M. , Abdel-Azeim Safwat
Published: February 2017

Corrosion protection of aluminum in 2 mol/L H2SO4solution is examined in the presence of ortho-substituted aniline derivatives using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. Density function theory (DFT) calculations are performed to investigate the aluminum–electrolyte interface relationship in the absence and presence of both ortho-substituted aniline derivatives and sulphate anions, as well as their roles in the protection efficiency at the atomic level. Our results show that ortho-aniline derivatives are good inhibitors and that their efficiencies improved as the concentration increased. SEM–EDX analysis is used to confirm the adsorption thermodynamics of the studied compounds on the aluminum surface. The best inhibitory effect is exhibits in the presence of the methyl group in ortho-position followed by ortho-carboxilic compared to aniline. The adsorption of these compounds on the aluminum surface is well described by Langmuir adsorption isotherm as well as the experimental and the theoretical adosrption energies are in a good agreement. DFT calculations also show that the interaction between the inhibitors and the aluminum surface is mainly electrostatic and depends on the type of the ortho-substituted group in addition to the sulphate anions.
Soil aquifer treatment of secondary effluents and combined sewer overflows in highly permeable soils typical of southwestern Ontario
Authors: Velasquez D. , Yanful E.K. , Sun W.
Published: February 2017

Wastewater reclamation is becoming an important alternative for sustainable water resources management and building climate change resiliency in many regions around the world. This research investigated the polishing of secondary effluents and combined sewer overflows (CSOs) by a laboratory-scale soil aquifer treatment considering local soils and wastewater characteristics of southwestern Ontario. Results show that high permeability soils of southwestern Ontario, have the ability to polish secondary effluents in terms of dissolved organic carbon, Escherichia coli, and total coliforms. Regarding the simulated CSOs, low to moderate improvements of wastewater quality were observed. Denitrification of secondary effluents improved significantly by the addition of readily available organic matter, which supports the importance of protecting recharge wetlands for groundwater quality protection. Soil aquifer treatment in southwestern Ontario is a feasible alternative for the recharge of non-potable and potable aquifers with secondary effluents. However, for potable aquifers further treatment of wastewater effluents may be required.