bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlates of mothers’ nutritional status in developing economies: evidence from demographic and health surveys
Authors: Mariam Abbas Soharwardi  , Tusawar Iftikhar Ahmad  , Mussab Ali Khan Manj  , Rana Ejaz Ali Khan
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective: The paper investigates the determinants of nutritional status of mothers in developing countries.
Method: For a panel of 38 developing countries, data were obtained from the nationally representative Demographic Health Surveys (DHS). Married women of reproductive ages (15 to 45 years), currently living with their husbands were selected as the target population. Body mass index was used as a proxy measure to gauge nutritional status. Both bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses were employed to assess the socioeconomic determinants of mothers’ nutritional status.
Results: As compared to the reference category, the probability of being malnourished was: the lowest (OR=0.397, 95% CI=.0341-0.462) among the mothers with higher education, the highest (OR=1.112, 95% CI=1.043-1.186) among the mothers who belonged to the age category 15-19 years at their first birth, the lowest (OR=0.309, 95% CI=0.280-0.341) among the mothers with higher women empowerment status, high (OR=1.003, 95% CI=.848-1.18) among the women having one year birth interval, higher (OR=1.724, 95% CI=1.669-1.186) among the women who take no antenatal visit during pregnancy, higher(OR=1.795, 95% CI=1.757-1.836) among the mothers having total number of children ever born more than four, relatively higher (OR =0.846, 95% CI=0.796-0.899) among the mothers who belonged to poorer households, and  was lower (OR=0.758, 95% CI=0.717-0.801) among the mothers living in the urban areas.
Continuous...
Investigation on the Cardio-Protective Potentials of Sphenostylis Stenocarpa Seed Milk on Salt Loading-Induced Hypertension in Albino Rats
Authors: Michael O. Nwankwo , Innocent O. Ogbonna
Published: April 2021

Cardio-protection is a sure way of averting the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which have been one of the most stubborn global causes of death. An estimated 17.9 million people died from CVDs in 2016, representing 31% of all global deaths. Of these deaths, 85% are due to heart attack and stroke. Over three quarters of CVDs deaths take place in low and middle-income countries. Out of the 17 million premature deaths (under the age of 70) due to non-communicable diseases in 2015, 82% are in low and middle-income countries, and 37% are caused by CVDs. The most preventive measure for cardiovascular disease is primary prevention of risk factors. Most cardiovascular diseases can be prevented by addressing behavioural risk factors such as tobacco use, unhealthy diet and obesity, physical inactivity and harmful use of alcohol using population-wide strategies. People with cardiovascular diseases or who are at high cardiovascular risk (due to the presence of one or more risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia or already established disease) need early detection and management using counselling and medicines, as appropriate. Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Hochst. ex. A. Rich) Harms is an orphan legume crop which its oil when administered to hypertensive albino rats, significantly (p< 0.05) lowered the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), which is a strong marker for predicting the risk of cardiovascular disease. Hypertension was induced in rats using saturated NaCl solution. The rats were treated with the extracted oil at different concentrations. It was observed that Sphenostylis stenocarpa seed has low glycaemic index and that at varying concentrations and time significantly (p < 0.05) lowered the AIP.
Socio-Demographic Association of Multiple Risk Factors and Their Clustering in Urban Population of Adults
Authors: Chebil Dhekra , Maatoug Jihene , Ghammem Rim , Zammit Nawel , Ben Fredj Sihem , Ghannem Hassen
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence and identify factors associated with simultaneous risk factors occurrence (clustering) for chronic diseases among adults. Methods: A cross-sectional population-based study was carried out with 1977 adults in Sousse, Tunisia. The simultaneous occurrence of tobacco smoking, physical inactivity, inadequate or unhealthy diet, obesity, and high blood pressure was assessed. The independent variables were demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Results: Overall, 61% of Tunisian adults had two or more unhealthy risk factors compared to only 11% with none of the five risk factors. Prevalence of risk factors was greater in older subjects, females, married, with lower education, unemployed, and those with high socioeconomic status. Risk factors clustered in multiple combinations. The simultaneous presence of all risk factors was 40% higher of what would be expected by combining the individual prevalence of these risk factors. Physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, obesity, and high blood pressure showed the strongest association among the clusters. Conclusion: Multiple chronic disease risk factors are frequent and occur more often than expected among Tunisian adults, especially women, married, older subjects, with low education and high socioeconomic level. Information on high risk groups will help in planning future preventive strategies.
Cosmopolitan Identifiers
Authors: Obua Steven
Published: April 2021

A simple Unicode-based lexical syntax for programming language identiﬁers using characters from international scripts (currently Latin, Greek and Cyrillic) is proposed. What makes such cosmopolitan identiﬁers special is that each identiﬁer is equivalent to a uniquely determined simple identiﬁer consisting only of ASCII characters. This makes collaboration in an international setting easier, especially in contexts where such identiﬁers are not only used by professional programmers, but are also present in the domain of normal users, for example through scriptable applications.
Modern Political History of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Rašidagić Ešref Kenan
Published: April 2021

Since Bosnia and Herzegovina’s declaration of independence in 1995, its path has been a rocky one. Unwillingness by the international community to stand by the central government and stand in the way of the neighboring states of Serbia and Croatia’s territorial pretensions, produced a succession of ceasefire agreements, culminating in the final, Dayton Peace Agreement. Each of these agreements espoused the ethnic principle as the guiding philosophy for the organization of the state. The post-war period demonstrates that despite the passage of time, the principle of organization of multi-ethnic state along ethnic lines presents a stumbling block to the functioning of the political, economic and social life in the country. The political history of post-independence Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) therefore reads as a history of protracted political paralysis, with no hope of rectifying the problems without another forceful intervention of the international community.
A comparative approach to treatment methods for myofacial pain and internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint
Authors: Arioğlu Ender Ege , Molloy Rory
Published: April 2021

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is the site of articulation between the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone and condylar head of the mandible. The TMJ is a synovial joint that has a cartilaginous disc between two articular surfaces. It can perform rotation and translation. A group of muscles (primarily masseter, temporalis and pterygoids) and ligaments are involved in jaw movement. The group of disorders that encompasses dysfunction of these structures is called “temporomandibular disorders (TMD)”. This research primarily focuses on myofacial pain, dysfunction and internal derangement of the TMJ (anterior disc displacement (ADD) with and without reduction). Treatments include conservative and invasive interventions. Conservative treatment consists of behavioural/psychosocial therapy, physiotherapy, pain management, occlusal splint therapy, low-level laser therapy and transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation therapy. Conservative treatment provides very effective results for pain relief and signifi cant improvement of jaw function, however follow-up periods in studies were short-term (not more than three months). Continuous improvement was observed in occlusal splint therapy as it leads to sustained behavioural change, helpful in alleviating pain by reducing stress put on the masticatory muscles and correcting jaw function. Exercise and physiotherapy have also resulted in considerable pain reduction and restoration of jaw function. Evidence showed that botulinum-toxin type A provided an immediate alleviation of pain effective for 3 months, however decreased maximal incisal opening as its mechanism of action is inhibiting muscle activity.
Human papillomavirus and oropharyngeal cancer: An overview
Authors: Patel Fatima Patel , Ahmed Shadaba
Published: April 2021

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a known aetiological factor in the development of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC), however it is a distinct disease to HPV-negative OPSCC. It is more prevalent in younger patients with fewer comorbidities and HPV status is most commonly detected by p16 immunohistochemistry, which acts as a surrogate marker. Until recently, the TNM staging model was wrongly predicting a poor prognosis for many patients by determining an imperfect overall stage, however this has been resolved by an updated edition. Current management of OPSCC is not determined by HPV-status but there are ongoing trials into treatment deintensification to reduce side effects but maintain OS. Furthermore, prognosis is drastically improved in HPV-positive OPSCC.
Comprehensive Survey of Big Data Mining Approaches in Cloud Systems
Authors: Salih Ageed Zainab , R. M. Zeebaree Subhi , Mohammed Sadeeq Mohammed , Fattah Kak Shakir , Saeed Yahia Hazha , R. Mahmood Mayyadah , Mahmood Ibrahim Ibrahim
Published: April 2021

Cloud computing, data mining, and big online data are discussed in this paper as hybridization possibilities. The method of analyzing and visualizing vast volumes of data is known as the visualization of data mining. The effect of computing conventions and algorithms on detailed storage and data communication requirements has been studied. When researching these approaches to data storage in big data, the data analytical viewpoint is often explored. These terminology and aspects have been used to address methodological development as well as problem statements. This will assist in the investigation of computational capacity as well as new knowledge in this area. The patterns of using big data were compared in about fifteen articles. In this paper, we research Big Data Mining Approaches in Cloud Systems and address cloud-compatible problems and computing techniques to promote Big Data Mining in Cloud Systems.
Predicting the Visibility of the First Crescent
Authors: Ahmed Tafseer
Published: April 2021

This study presents an application of machine learning to predict whether the first crescent of the lunar month will be visible to naked eye on a given date. The study presents a dataset of successful and unsuccessful attempts to find the first crescent at the start of the lunar month. Previously, this problem was solved by analytically deriving the equations for visibility parameter(s) and manually fixing threshold values. However, we applied supervised machine learning on the independent variables of the problem, and the system learnt about the criteria of classification. The system gives precision of 0.88 and recall of 0.87 and hence it treats both false positives and false negatives equally well.
CONCEPT DRIFT IN STREAMING DATA: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Mahmood Tariq , Fatima Tatheer
Published: April 2021

World is generating immeasurable amount of data every minute, that needs to be analyzed for better decision making. In order to fulfil this demand of faster analytics, businesses are adopting efficient stream processing and machine learning techniques. However, data streams are particularly challenging to handle. One of the prominent problems faced while dealing with streaming data is concept drift. Concept drift is described as, an unexpected change in the underlying distribution of the streaming data that can be observed as time passes. In this work, we have conducted a systematic literature review to discover several methods that deal with the problem of concept drift. Most frequently used supervised and unsupervised techniques have been reviewed and we have also surveyed commonly used publicly available artificial and real-world datasets that are used to deal with concept drift issues.
Two-Dimensional Wavelet based Medical Videos using Hidden Markov Tree Model
Authors: BANGASH RUBAB FATIMA , Tauqir Imran , Maqsood Azka
Published: April 2021

Wavelet based statistical image denoising is vital preprocessing technique in real world imaging. Most of the medical videos inherit system introduced noise during acquisition as a result of additional image capturing techniques, resulting in the poor quality of video for examination. So, we needed a trade-off between preservation and noise reduction of the actual image content to retains all the necessary information. The existing techniques are based on time-frequency domain where the wavelet coefficients need to be independent or jointly Gaussian. In denoising arena there is a need to exploit the temporal dependencies of wavelet coefficients with non-Gaussian nature. Here we present a YCbCr (Luminance-Chrominance) based denoising strategy on Hidden Markov Model (HMM) based on Multiresolution Analysis in the framework of Expectation-Maximization algorithm. Proposed algorithm applies denoising technique independently on each frame of the video. It models Non-Gaussian statistics of each wavelet coefficient and captures the statistical dependencies between coefficients. Denoised frames are restored inversely by processing the wavelet coefficients. Significant results are visualized through objective as well as subjective analysis. Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index Metric (SSIM) like parameters are used for the quality assessment of proposed method in comparison with Gray scale and Red, Green, Blue (RGB) scale videos coefficients.
¿Es necesario educar en e-health? Conclusiones a partir de las valoraciones de un grupo de estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Baile Ayensa José Ignacio , González-Calderón María José , Palomo Santos Ruth
Published: April 2021

La e-health es un campo de confluencia entre las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) y la salud que está experimentando un importante auge en los últimos años debido a la progresiva incorporación de la sociedad al mundo de las TIC.
El objetivo de este trabajo es averiguar cuáles son las actitudes y los comportamientos de un grupo de universitarios respecto a la e-health. Para ello, se realizó una encuesta sobre el uso de diferentes aspectos de la e-health a 360 estudiantes de grado y posgrado de la UDIMA, de los cuales el 67,5 % eran mujeres y el 32,5 % hombres. La edad media de la muestra fue 37,2 años (DT: 9,55).
Los resultados del estudio muestran un uso importante de internet como fuente de información sobre salud, así como de otras funcionalidades de la e-health. No obstante, los participantes también manifestaron cierto desconocimiento y desconfianza en relación a las posibilidades que este nuevo campo ofrece.
El estudio de la enfermedad de Parkinson con instrumentación biomédica: proyecto para el aula de Tecnología en educación secundaria
Authors: Micó-Amigo María Encarnación , Micó-Amigo Ester
Published: April 2021

Esta propuesta pretende involucrar a jóvenes estudiantes de educación secundaria obligatoria (ESO) y bachillerato en un proyecto experimental basado en la aplicación de tecnología médica para el estudio de la enfermedad de Parkinson (EP).Dicha propuesta consta de una sesión informativa y de dos sesiones prácticas a desarrollar en el aula-taller de Tecnología. En la sesión informativa e inicial de este proyecto se propone exponer el contexto, los retos y las limitaciones técnicas actuales en el campo de la neurología para el tratamiento y diagnóstico de las enfermedades neurodegenerativas, con particular atención en la EP. En la primera sesión práctica se plantea una actividad interactiva que incluye el estudio, diseño, ensamblaje y calibración de un sensor inercial (acelerómetro o giroscopio). En la segunda sesión práctica se propone que los estudiantes sigan un protocolo de medición con un dispositivo comercial de uso clínico, aplicando dicho protocolo tanto en el alumnado como en el profesorado involucrados. A partir del análisis de los datos obtenidos y de la comparación de estos con datos correspondientes a un grupo de pacientes con EP (proporcionados por parte del docente), los alumnos propondrán ideas para desarrollar un método que permita el diagnóstico de la EP.Mediante una metodología experimental, innovadora y pragmática, este proyecto busca fomentar el aprendizaje constructivista, incentivar el pensamiento racional, estimular la imaginación e ingenio, ampliar conocimientos multidisciplinares, concienciar sobre una realidad social de gran relevancia, desarrollar aptitudes sociales a través del trabajo en equipo y motivar e inspirar a los alumnos.
THE OUTCOME OF LIMBERG FLAP RECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE FOR PRIMARY NATAL CLEFT PILONIDAL SINUS DISEASE: FOUR YEARS’ EXPERIENCE AT A TEACHING HOSPITAL IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Chaudhry Wasif Majeed , Afza Saleem  , Jamil Maryam , Zishan Muhammad Saddique , Butt Adnan Sadiq , Dogar Muhammad Akram
Published: April 2021

Background: Natal cleft pilonidal sinus disease is known for its high recurrence rate after surgery. Different surgical procedures are being used for its treatment and these vary from wide excision followed by healing with secondary intention to excision followed by reconstruction with a flap. Limberg flap reconstruction procedure has been used by many surgeons as their primary choice owing to its low recurrence rate and less postoperative complications.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the outcome of Limberg flap reconstruction procedure in patients with primary natal cleft pilonidal sinus disease.  

Methods: This descriptive case series was conducted at Ghurki trust teaching hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, between January 2015 to December 2018. 110 consecutive patients with primary natal cleft pilonidal sinus disease were included in this study. Informed consent was taken from these patients and all patients underwent Limberg flap reconstruction procedure. The evaluated outcomes of this procedure included duration of hospital stay, postoperative pain, primary healing,  surgical site Infection, seroma formation, flap necrosis and, recurrence.                                                                                    

Results: The patients age ranged between 18 years to 60 years. The mean age was 26.6 ±8.6 years. 73 patients (66.36 %) were males and 23 patients (33.63%) were females. The duration of disease ranged between 1 month to 6 months with a mean of 3.7±1.7 months. The mean operating time was 47.50±5.14 minutes. The mean duration of hospital stay was 1.87±0.80 days. The mean postoperative pain score calculated by the visual analogue scale (VAS) twenty-four hours after the surgery was 3.45. 95 patients (86.36%) had complete primary healing without any complication. 9 patients (8.18%) had a surgical site infection and 6 patients (5.45 %) had seroma formation. No patient suffered from flap necrosis. 2 patients (1.81%) who had complete primary healing presented with recurrence of the disease within six months of the procedure with a period of one year of follow-up designated for every patient.

Conclusion: Limberg flap reconstruction procedure is a safe and efficacious treatment option for primary natal cleft pilonidal sinus disease because it provides early complete primary healing in most patients, and shortens the duration of hospital stay thus reducing the cost of treatment. The pain scores fall in the moderate post-operative pain score category and the complication rates and the recurrence rates are very low.
A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SUBLINGUAL MISOPROSTOL VERSUS INTRAVENOUS OXYTOCIN INFUSION IN REDUCING BLOOD LOSS IN FIRST TWO HOURS AT CAESAREAN SECTION
Authors: Janjua Mahham , Maria Imran
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE

The objective of the study was to compare the effectiveness of sublingual misoprostol in reducing intraoperative and postoperative blood loss with that of intravenous (IV) oxytocin infusion in the first two hours at cesarean delivery.

STUDY DESIGN

Randomized controlled trial

PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY

The study was conducted in Lady Aitchison Hospital, Lahore unit IV-King Edward Medical University, and the duration of the study was one year.

MATERIALS and METHODS

Eighty-two women with term singleton pregnancy undergone elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were randomly allocated to receive either misoprostol 400 µg sublingually or  IV infusion of 20 units oxytocin in 1000ml of normal saline soon after delivery of the baby. Estimated blood loss at the surgery and within the first 2 h post-operation were measured in both groups. Side effects in both groups were also recorded.

RESULTS

Mean blood loss with misoprostol was significantly less as compared to that of oxytocin. Post-operative hemoglobin was decreased by -4.95% in sublingual misoprostol and in the oxytocin group it was decreased by -9.33%. Blood transfusion and additional uterotonic therapy were significantly higher in the oxytocin group as compared to that of misoprostol. Nausea, vomiting, and hypotension was significantly higher in oxytocin group as compared to that of the misoprostol group. On the other hand, pyrexia and shivering were significantly higher in the misoprostol group.

CONCLUSION

The results of this trial showed that sublingual misoprostol is more effective as compared to intravenous oxytocin infusion in terms of reduction of blood loss in the first two hours at the cesarean section. It offers several advantages over oxytocin including long shelf life, stability at room temperature, and oral administration which makes it a suitable uterotonic agent in low-resource areas.
FREQUENCY OF THYROID DYSFUNCTION IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS
Authors: Adil Mehmood  , Anjum Roshina , Muhammad Shahbaz  , Rizwan Hafeez  , Zahra Fatima  , Shumaila Naz
Published: April 2021

Objectives: To determine the frequency of thyroid dysfunction in chronic kidney disease patients.

Methods: It was a Cross-sectional Study at department of Medicine, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur. Duration of the study was from 20th October 2018 to 19th April 2019. 72 patients with chronic kidney disease, 20 to 60 years of age and of both genders were included. Patients with known thyroid disorders or taking medication that can affect thyroid function (dopamine antagonists, antiepileptic, oral contraceptives, lithium, and glucocorticoids) were excluded. Venous blood sample was taken and sent to the laboratory for thyroid function tests.

Results: Age of the patients included in this study was from 20 to 60 year and mean age was 41.97 ± 9.76 years. Most of them 42 (58.33%) were between 41 to 60 years of age. Out of 72 patients, 44 (61.11%) were male and 28 (38.89%) were female with male to female ratio of 1.6:1. Mean duration of disease in our study was 5.71 ± 2.50 years .Mean BMI was 27.75 ± 3.01 kg/m2.Thyroid dysfunction was present in 23 (31.94%) patients of chronic kidney disease.

Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction is frequently found in chronic kidney disease patients.
BLOOD LOSS DURING EMERGENCY CAESAREAN SECTION OF PLACENTA PREVIA IS MORE AS COMPARED TO ELECTIVE CAESAREAN SECTION
Authors: Zafar Sardar Muhammad Alfareed Zafar , Ilyas Mehvish , Saima Saeed Usmani  , Maryam Javaid  , Rizwana Tariq
Published: April 2021

Background: Placenta Previa is one of the major obstetric complication. It is a serious condition that may lead to severe morbidity and mortality. The risk of cesarean and blood loss, particularly, in emergency cesarean section.

Objective: To compare the mean blood loss and need for blood or blood products with emergency versus elective cesarean section in females with placenta previa.

Study design: Cohort study.

Settings: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology.

Duration: 3 months (April to June 2020).

Method: Sample size of 70 patients were enrolled in the study through Non Probability, Consecutive Sampling. Patients of age 20-40 years, presented >24 weeks of pregnancy, with diagnosis of placenta previa were included. Then females were booked and were followed-up in OPD till delivery. Emergency cesarean section was done if active labor and bleeding started while elective cesarean was done on given date for delivery. Intraoperative blood loss and need for blood or blood components transfusion was noted. Data was recorded on proforma and analyzed by using SPSS version 22.

Results: The mean age of females in emergency group was 30.80 ± 4.36 years and mean age of females in elective group was 31.06 ± 3.76 years. The mean gestational age of females at delivery in emergency group was 35.74 ± 2.89 weeks and in elective group was37.54 ± 0.70 weeks. The average blood loss during emergency caesarean section was 1471.43 ± 891.65 ml while during elective cesarean section, average blood loss was 1042.86 ± 402.41 ml (p<0.05). In emergency caesarean group, 7 (20%) did not require blood transfusion while 28 (80%) required blood transfusion. In elective caesarean group, 21 (60%) did not require blood transfusion while 14 (40%) required blood transfusion (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Though this study, we found significantly higher blood loss and need for blood transfusion in emergency caesarean section as compared to elective caesarean sections for placenta previa.
Une modeste révision de la représentation de la théorie des systèmes d’activité
Authors: Bracewell Robert J. , Park Jonghwi
Published: April 2021

Le présent article propose une révision de la théorie des systèmes d’activité, qui passe de la représentation triangulaire bidimensionnelle habituelle à une représentation tétraédrique tridimensionnelle tout à fait nouvelle. Cette révision qui consiste à passer de deux à trois dimensions comporte certains avantages : elle souligne la synergie entre les divers types de médiation, ainsi que l’exigence d’une croissance réciproque pour véritablement mener à bien une activité; elle corrobore l’analyse des déséquilibres qui marquent les moyens de médiation intervenant dans l’activité; elle clarifie les relations entre les quatre champs d’activité, et permet de mieux intégrer la théorie des systèmes d’activité dans la formulation originale de l’activité de Vygotsky comme consistant dans une médiation par les outils et par les signes. La représentation tétraédrique s’annonce prometteuse sur le plan heuristique pour faire progresser la théorie et l’étude de l’activité humaine.
Processus d’intégration du microordinateur XO dans une école primaire gabonaise : analyse sous l’angle de la théorie de l’activité
Authors: Bibang-Assoumou Hilaire
Published: April 2021

La présente étude se propose de comprendre et d’illustrer le processus d’intégration du XO dans une école primaire à Libreville au Gabon. Menée sous l’angle de la théorie de l’activité, elle aboutit à des tensions intrasystémiques induites par le peu d’ouverture du système d’activité des enseignants aux outils non recommandés par les programmes officiels, et à des tensions intersystémiques suscitées par la fragilisation des frontières aux frontières des systèmes d’activité impliqués dans le développement de l’élève en contexte. Alors que les tensions intrasystémiques tendent d’amorcer l’expansion de l’activité d’intégration du XO, les tensions intersystémiques tendent au contraire à la « paralysie » au point où il devenait difficile aux enseignants de donner un sens à l’utilisation du XO animée par une motivation à changer leur pratique de classe.
Dynamique interactionnelle au sein d’une formation privilégiant la participation et la création
Authors: Allaire Stéphane , Reffay Christophe
Published: April 2021

Dans un contexte de renouvellement de la pédagogie en enseignement supérieur, cet article présente d’abord les caractéristiques d’un programme de formation continue sur les classes multiâges en réseau privilégiant une métaphore de l’apprentissage qui s’inspire de la participation et de la création de connaissances. Ensuite, à partir d’échanges asynchrones qui se sont déroulés par l’entremise d’un forum électronique dans le cadre d’un des cours de ce programme portant sur l’intervention en classes multiâges en réseau, nous avons analysé la dynamique interactionnelle qui a pris forme entre les participants (7 étudiants et 1 formateur). Cette analyse a été menée à partir d’outils d’analyse semi-automatisée. Plus spécifiquement, un outil d’analyse du réseau social ainsi que la trousse Calico ont été utilisés. Les résultats mettent en lumière une implication importante des étudiants, bien qu’inégale entre eux, dans l’élaboration d’un discours collectif caractérisé par de nombreux ajouts d’idées qui ont aussi été mises en relief.
Translating Cultural-Historical Psychology: Comments from Lay Professional
Authors: D. Tuchina Olga
Published: April 2021

In translating texts for the Chess Overall Development Project (Zaretskii, 2016), we have encountered several types of challenges that may be illustrative of what translators in the ﬁeld of cultural-historical psychology (CHP) may deal with. Translators use various tools and strategies in their search for equivalence. Lack of the uniform CHP vocabulary and consensus on the CHP terms: di˙erences in transformational techniques and levels of the translators’ linguistic competence and their competence in CHP as such, result in co-existence of various translations of the same concepts, which may interfere with the process of communication and become a subject of controversy. Other challenges relate to speciﬁc linguistic features of the psychological scientiﬁc discourse of CHP, i.e. the need to observe rigorous scientiﬁc requirements to style and content, and abundance in expressive, emotionally and culturally charged utterances and vocabulary. The CHP terminology is characterized by speciﬁc word formation; lack of stylistic neutrality and lack of equivalent terms in target languages. Therefore, an appropriate translation implies using a special modiﬁcation technology to create a target-language term which would have an equivalent denotative meaning; meet the requirements of the scientiﬁc style and preserve its stylistic uniqueness, emotional, and cognitive relevance (ensuring congruence of the reader’s experience with the author’s experience as mirrored by the lexical unit).
Developing the Ideas of the Scientific School of L. S. Vygotsky: Scientific Publications of the Journal “Cultural and Historical Psychology” (2005-2016)
Authors: A. Shvedovskaya Anna
Published: April 2021

he article presents the analysis of the development of the ideas of L.S. Vygotsky’s school using the example of the publications in the international scientiﬁc journal “Cultural and Historical Psychology” (for the period 2005 through 2016). Over the period from 2005 to the end of 2016, 595 articles of 524 authors from 32 countries have been published in the journal “Cultural and Historical Psychology.” The study of the subjects of the articles published in the journal was held within the framework of the following criteria: scientometric publication indicators; group of authors; themes of the publications; relevance of the articles for their readers. The research uses the following sources: Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI); repository data of the psychological editions of https://psyjournals.ru/; report data on the activities of the journal “Cultural and Historical Psychology.” The citation frequency of the journal’s publications peaks in 2007, 2009 and 2006. Empirical ﬁndings comprise major part of the publications. The most developed areas are the studies of speech and thinking, personality, and communication.
New Methodological View of Vygotsky
Authors: M. Morozov Stanislav
Published: April 2021

In order to see the true value of the cultural-historical psychology, one may need to view Vygotsky’s scholarly endeavor as translational motion, in the course of which earlier developments become natural constituents of the later ones. During the ﬁrst years of his academic career, Vygotsky introduced a number of important assumptions that he developed later in his theory of verbal thinking, which he had no chance to ﬁnish: the subject of Psychology is the process of people’s interaction with their social environment; the driving force of the intrapsychic world’s development is self-development which is based on a contradiction between meaning and sense; the person who gives birth to meanings is a totally new creature, i.e. a totally new subject of Natural Science. Careful examination of Vygotsky’s ideas leads us to a number of assumptions that introduce drastic changes to our understanding of the subject of psychological research. Thus, Vygotsky’s cultural-historical psychology seems to be a system that contains a signiﬁcant methodological potential, rather than just a scientiﬁc theory.
The Perception of Art as a Higher Mental Function
Authors: V. Lubovsky Dmitry
Published: April 2021

The concept of higher mental functions applied to the perception of artworks. Considering art as a system of means for mastering of emotions and feelings, the authorshows that this interpsychic system of means for mastering the feelings and emotions through the pro-cessing of aesthetic experience is a conscious, mediated by speech and arbitrary dynamic system of artistic images perception and the processing of aesthetic experience. Perception of artworks becomes arbitrary, if a person realizes the cultural norm of relation to the arts, representing the ability and desire of the viewer to see in the artwork of thoughts and feelings appropriate to the author. The formation of art perception, like any other higher mental functions takes place in accordance with genetic law of cultural development according to which “Every function in the cultural development of the child appears on stage twice” (Vygotsky, 1983, p. 145). The author shows that the perception of art as a higher mental function is formed on the entire life through the perception of works of art and the assimilation of aesthetic experience. The approach to the analysis of perception of works of art proposed by author can ﬁnd application in di˙erent social practices, from art pedagogy to art therapy; it allows to select the period of development of this function in childhood and adolescence as requiring the greatest attention by teachers and parents. The approach is applicable also in a psychological counseling and art therapy for adolescents and adults.
Activités de formation des migrants en France : des transitions expansives ?
Authors: Beauné Aurélie
Published: April 2021

Nous présentons ici les principaux résultats d’une recherche de thèse 1 portant sur les processus à l’œuvre pour les activités de formation des migrants en France : suite à une importante vague de réformes, comment évoluent ces activités ? Peut-on constater, au sens de la théorie de l’apprentissage expansif, une expansion de l’objet de ces activités ? Nous avons observé l’activité de trois organismes de formation accueillant des pu-blics migrants, sur une durée d’un an pour l’un d’entre eux et de six mois pour les deux autres. Les données recueillies dans ces trois organismes (observations et entre-tiens) ont permis de produire des synthèses à l’issue de di˙érents cycles d’observation. Ces synthèses ont ensuite été soumises aux acteurs pour être discutées collectivement. L’ensemble de ces données a donné lieu à plusieurs analyses des contradictions pour chaque système d’activité et pour l’ensemble des trois systèmes considérés. Les analyses menées ont permis d’identiﬁer une évolution spontanée des activités que nous avons nommée « transition restrictive » et qui peut être engendrée par la coexistence des quatre dimensions structurelles de tout système d’activité.
ONTOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE STUDY OF THE CATEGORY “ETHNIC IDENTITY” IN THE INTEGRATED COURSE “CIVIC EDUCATION”
Authors: Savenok L. A.
Published: April 2021

The article aims to analyze the ontological tools which students use to understand the definition of the concept of ethnic identity. Accordingly, the objectives of the survey are to study the theoretical and methodological content of the leading ethnic-forming factors in the context of socio-economic and socio-political realities of modern Ukraine and ethnic identity. The author’s analysis of textbooks and manuals for teachers and students of the integrated course “Civic Education” proves that the concept of “ethnic identity”, the study of which is provided by the course program, has no proper scientific justification. Such a situation creates significant difficulties for the teacher in explaining and for students in understanding the issue of ethnic identification. The critical question for modern youth is whether a person can choose and/or change their ethnicity (ethnic identity). The article detailly reveals a modern understanding of such basic categories for ethnic identification as ethnicity, ethnic communities, ethnogenesis, nation, ethnicity with the involvement of experts (anthropologists, geneticists, culture managers, historians, ethnologists, etc.). Particular attention is paid to the interpretation of constitutional provisions regarding the categories of Ukrainian people, Ukrainian nation, ethnic (national) minorities, indigenous peoples. The author argues that social, cultural, historical and psychological factors (language, mentality, customs, traditions, upbringing, etc.) play an essential role in ethnic identification. However, a crucial role in the process of ethnic identification is played by a person’s awareness of himself as part of a particular ethnic group (personal self-identification), and this situation allows a person to choose and/or change their ethnicity. Relevant examples support all theoretical provisions of the article.
Food and water security in developing economies: impact of the pandemic and possible interventions
Authors: Makanjuola Solomon Akinremi , Medupin Cecilia
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Pandemics are unexpected and unplanned events that can have serious impact on food and water security especially in countries with weak food and water systems. Objectives: This article discusses factors that could affect food and water security in developing countries and provides possible solutions for mitigating food and water issues that could arise due to pandemics. Methods: Searches were made on Google scholar and using the keywords “food and water security in pandemic” between May and October 2020 and published articles related to developing countries were obtained and reviewed. Results: Factors identified include: weak ‘food routes to consumers’, lockdown and impaired logistics, poor consumer purchasing power, scarcity of water resources, unavailable water quality data and poor wastewater treatment works. Approaches to mitigate impact of these identified factors such as possibilities of harnessing available natural resources such as solar energy and nature-based solutions for freshwater were also discussed. Conclusions: Collaboration between representatives from the local communities, government, and academics/researchers would play a critical role in mitigating these impacts. The outcome of our article may also extend to those working directly with public groups, including those undertaking public engagement with environmental research, government policymakers, research managers and professional membership institutions.

Keywords: Food security, water security, pandemic, lockdown, logistics, freshwater.
Euroopan unionin talouspolitiikka koronakriisin jälkeen
Authors: Ronkainen Antti
Published: April 2021

Tammikuun 21. päivänä vuonna 2020 Italian hallitus julisti koronavirukseen liittyvän hätätilan ja kielsi kaikki lennot Italiasta Kiinaan ja Kiinasta Italiaan. Covid-19-viruksen levitessä muut Euroopan unionin (EU) jäsenmaat seurasivat Italian esimerkkiä, julistivat nopeasti hätätiloja ja ottivat käyttöön rajoitus- ja eristystoimia. Suomessa valtioneuvosto julisti poikkeusolot 16. maaliskuuta, jonka jälkeen alkoi reilun 2 kuukauden mittainen sulkutila. Valtioiden lisäksi EU vastasi koronakriisiin monialaisesti. EU-maat sopivat yhteisvelasta ja elvyttämisestä. Komissio jätti budjettisäännöt huomioimatta. Euroopan keskuspankki (EKP) laajensi rahapoliittisia tukitoimiaan huomattavasti. Käyn puheenvuorossani läpi Euroopan vastaukset koronakriisiin sekä pohdin laajemmin, miten koronakriisi vaikuttaa unionin talouspolitiikkaan kriisin jälkeen. Euroopan unioni valitsi hyvin toisenlaisen tien kuin 2010-luvun eurokriisissä, mikä voi viestiä unionin laajemmasta talouspoliittisesta suunnanmuutoksesta.
Digital asset elaboration of unified subsea Х-tree
Authors: Mayorov D. A. , Dryakhlov V. S.
Published: April 2021

The purpose of research is to propose a model contained integrated approach. It allows realizing synthesis of Christmas tree well (X-Tree) elements through attribute description based on engineering survey and reservoir data.
Poisson impedance for lithology characterization
Authors: Khitrenko A. V. , Groman K. A. , Lobusev A. V.
Published: April 2021

Tyumen formation is a formation with very considerably lateral heterogeneity. It influences on process of exploration oil and gas traps. No one can deny that seismic survey is a main method for prediction lateral heterogeneity. Nowadays, geoscientists can model different useful seismic attributes, apart from structural maps. Seismic inversion is most effective tool for transformation amplitude seismic data into elastic properties. However, sometimes result of seismic inversion is very hard to understand and analyze. In this work, authors will show additional methods for better understanding results of seismic inversion using Impedance Poisson. Area of research is located in the Western Siberia.
Classification of residual recoverable and non-recoverable oil reserves by the reservoir complexity index (RCI)
Authors: Malyshev B. V. , Shuvaev D. V. , Klimov V. Yu.
Published: April 2021

The paper considers a new engineering analytical tool for express oil reserves assessment. Proposed method is based on classifying oil reserves by complexity – reservoir complexity index (RCI). It allows to optimize the development system and form a well interventions program.

The method is suggested to use three main parameters for development complexity estimation: reservoir permeability, start watercut (which contains the parameters of the curve of relative permeability, saturation and viscosity) and geological heterogeneity (pattern efficiency).

An economic estimation of the well profitability is carried out by calculating PV UDC indicator (unit development cost, CAPEX / total oil production). The advantages of this indicator is that it allows to determine the economic attractiveness and does not require macro parameters and costs for the building well pads

Due to the economic assessment and well ranking, it is possible to obtain profitable well pads and select candidates for sidetracking.

The novelty of the work lies in the use of an updated methodology for the reservoir complexity index estimation for the remaining recoverable reserves classification.

As a result, high-quality tool is created that integrates RCI and economic model. It is aimed for solving reservoir engineering problems and increasing the project cost

The proposed method can be applied to other fields with minor modifications.
Potential of acid tunneling technology on the fields LLC “Gazpromneft Orenburg”
Authors: Kyzyma K. Yu. , Khoryushin V. Yu. , Semenenko A. F. , Simakov S. M. , Poglazov A. M. , Devyatkin V. S. , Zubova E. V. , Khusnutdinov A. R. , Gerasimenko P. N. , Kundik A. A. , Dubinin I. V.
Published: April 2021

The results of acid tunneling on carbonate reservoirs of the Orenburg region for the increase of drainage area are considered. Weaknesses of the technology are considered, ways to improve efficiency are proposed. The technology made it possible to obtain stable increments of oil production at pilot wells.
Oil submersible pumps reliability during cyclic operation
Authors: Likhacheva E. A. , Ostrovskiy V. G. , Lykova N. A. , Musinskiy A. N. , Baidarov P. A.
Published: April 2021

The ESP reliability analysis was conducted to determine the correlation between ESP operation mode and ESP component reliability. The analysis was based on operation data of more than 700 ESP. The reliability of operating mode-dependent ESP components was analyzed. ESP and seal section test results under cyclic and constant operation conditions were shown. As a result, it was determined that periodic operation negatively affect ESP components lifetime. Recommendations for ESP cyclic operation were proposed.
Enhancing energy efficiency of technological circuits with the use of tubular furnaces when preparing oil
Authors: Ovchinnikov K. A. , Pershina K. V.
Published: April 2021

The paper presents an analysis of the terms “energy efficiency” and “energy conservation” in relation to oil production. The consumption of fuel and energy resources of an oil and gas company is increasing from year to year, and taking into account the growth of tariffs for energy resources, the introduction of energy-efficient technologies is one of the urgent problems of production.
Scale control at production wells of Gazpromneft Vostok LLC: Results of field tests and technical and economic assessment of the use of encapsulated inhibitor
Authors: Dzhanelidze S. Z. , Zhuravlev V. V. , Zhukov A. Yu. , Khusainov R. R. , Boev A. S.
Published: April 2021

At the oil production wells of Gazpromneft Vostok LLC, with the problem of scale formation, there was made an assessment of the possibility of using an encapsulated scale inhibitor. According to the test results, it’s found that the reagent provides effective protection of production wells from salt deposits. There are noted such a positive aspects of this inhibitory protection technology as the absence of corrosive effects on downhole equipment, the possibility of quick organization of well protection, not using metering equipment, independence from the infrastructure and the convenience of loading capsules during workover. A comparative analysis with the classical inhibitor protection with liquid scale inhibitors has been carried out. It is shown that with a water flow rate of up to 38 m3 / day, the use of encapsulated reagents is more cost effective. The limitations of the application of the technology are noted – the difficulty in carrying out additional loading of the reagent into the well without lifting the downhole equipment, application in horizontal and directional wells.