bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trends in the atmospheric jet streams are emerging in observations and could be linked to tropical warming
Authors: Woollings Tim , Drouard Marie , O’Reilly Christopher H. , Sexton David M. H. , McSweeney Carol
Published: April 2023

Climate models predict a weak poleward shift of the jets in response to continuing climate change. Here we revisit observed jet trends using 40 years of satellite-era reanalysis products and find evidence that general poleward shifts are emerging. The significance of these trends is often low and varies between datasets, but the similarity across different seasons and hemispheres is notable. While much recent work has focused on the jet response to amplified Arctic warming, the observed trends are more consistent with the known sensitivity of the circulation to tropical warming. The circulation trends are within the range of historical model simulations but are relatively large compared to the models when the accompanying trends in upper tropospheric temperature gradients are considered. The balance between tropical warming and jet shifts should therefore be closely monitored in the near future. We hypothesise that the sensitivity of the circulation to tropical heating may be one factor affecting this balance.
Viruses of sulfur oxidizing phototrophs encode genes for pigment, carbon, and sulfur metabolisms
Authors: Hesketh-Best Poppy J. , Bosco-Santos Alice , Garcia Sofia L. , O’Beirne Molly D. , Werne Josef P. , Gilhooly William P. , Silveira Cynthia B.
Published: April 2023

Viral infections modulate bacterial metabolism and ecology. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that viruses influence the ecology of purple and green sulfur bacteria in anoxic and sulfidic lakes, analogs of euxinic oceans in the geologic past. By screening metagenomes from lake sediments and water column, in addition to publicly-available genomes of cultured purple and green sulfur bacteria, we identified almost 300 high and medium-quality viral genomes. Viruses carrying the genepsbA, encoding the small subunit of photosystem II protein D1, were ubiquitous, suggesting viral interference with the light reactions of sulfur oxidizing autotrophs. Viruses predicted to infect these autotrophs also encoded auxiliary metabolic genes for reductive sulfur assimilation as cysteine, pigment production, and carbon fixation. These observations show that viruses have the genomic potential to modulate the production of metabolic markers of phototrophic sulfur bacteria that are used to identify photic zone euxinia in the geologic past.
PAM-flexible Cas9-mediated base editing of a hemophilia B mutation in induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Hiramoto Takafumi , Kashiwakura Yuji , Hayakawa Morisada , Baatartsogt Nemekhbayar , Kamoshita Nobuhiko , Abe Tomoyuki , Inaba Hiroshi , Nishimasu Hiroshi , Uosaki Hideki , Hanazono Yutaka , Nureki Osamu , Ohmori Tsukasa
Published: April 2023

Background

Base editing via CRISPR-Cas9 has garnered attention as a method for correcting disease-specific mutations without causing double-strand breaks, thereby avoiding large deletions and translocations in the host chromosome. However, its reliance on the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) can limit its use. We aimed to restore a disease mutation in a patient with severe hemophilia B using base editing with SpCas9-NG, a modified Cas9 with the board PAM flexibility.

Methods

We generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a patient with hemophilia B (c.947T>C; I316T) and established HEK293 cells and knock-in mice expressing the patient’s F9 cDNA. We transduced the cytidine base editor (C>T), including the nickase version of Cas9 (wild-type SpCas9 or SpCas9-NG), into the HEK293 cells and knock-in mice through plasmid transfection and an adeno-associated virus vector, respectively.

Results

Here we demonstrate the broad PAM flexibility of SpCas9-NG near the mutation site. The base-editing approach using SpCas9-NG but not wild-type SpCas9 successfully converts C to T at the mutation in the iPSCs. Gene-corrected iPSCs differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells in vitro and express substantial levels of F9 mRNA after subrenal capsule transplantation into immunodeficient mice. Additionally, SpCas9-NG–mediated base editing corrects the mutation in both HEK293 cells and knock-in mice, thereby restoring the production of the coagulation factor.

Conclusion

A base-editing approach utilizing the broad PAM flexibility of SpCas9-NG can provide a solution for the treatment of genetic diseases, including hemophilia B.
Conformal leaky-wave antennas for wireless terahertz communications
Authors: Guerboukha Hichem , Shrestha Rabi , Neronha Joshua , Fang Zhaoji , Mittleman Daniel M.
Published: April 2023

Future generations of wireless systems are expected to combine the use of high-frequency bands (the terahertz range) with smart interconnected devices (the Internet of Things). To realize this ambitious merging, systems will require antennas that can be mounted on nonplanar objects while generating highly directional beams. Here, we study conformal THz leaky-wave antennas at THz frequencies. We find a rich set of behaviors accessible at THz frequencies dictated by the interplay among the geometrical parameters and the wavelength. We develop simple models to describe the relevant physics, which we verify by an experimental implementation. We also demonstrate data transmission using a conformal THz antenna that can generate multiple high-gain beams with low bit error rates for increased coverage of THz wireless links.
Tunable Schottky contacts in graphene/XAu4Y (X, Y = Se, Te) heterostructures
Authors: Xue Yufei , Gao Lei , Ren Weina , Shai Xuxia , Wei Tingting , Zeng Chunhua , Wang Hua
Published: April 2023

Vertical strain and external electric field can regulate interfacial charge transfer, resulting in the tunable Schottky barriers of G/XAu4Y heterostructures.
Highly local sources and large spatial variations in PM2.5 across a city: evidence from a city-wide sensor network in Cork, Ireland
Authors: Byrne Rósín , Ryan Kevin , Venables Dean S. , Wenger John C. , Hellebust Stig
Published: April 2023

When dominated by local emissions, levels of ambient particulate matter (PM) can vary appreciably within a city. In Ireland, residential solid fuel burning is the main PM2.5 emission source.
Rational fabrication strategies of freestanding/binder-free electrodes for efficient capacitive deionization
Authors: Zhao Zhibo , Wang Fangqiao , Li Baobao , Chen Zhuomin , Zhou Hao , Wen Xiaoru , Ye Meidan
Published: April 2023

This review summarizes and discusses the representative fabrication methods and related CDI performance metrics for fabricating freestanding/binder-free CDI electrodes. The remaining challenges and future outlooks are also discussed and emphasized.
Long-term impacts of climate change on coastal and transitional eco-systems in India: an overview of its current status, future projections, solutions, and policies
Authors: Subramanian Aishwarya , Nagarajan Aditya Mosur , Vinod Sruthi , Chakraborty Samarshi , Sivagami Krishanasamy , Theodore Thomas , Sathyanarayanan Sri Shalini , Tamizhdurai Perumal , Mangesh V. L.
Published: April 2023

Urbanization and industrial development are increasing rapidly.
Real-time monitoring of atmospheric ammonia based on modifier-enhanced vacuum ultraviolet photoionization ion mobility spectrometry
Authors: Bai Xueying , Liu Shimin , Huang Wei , Wang Weiguo , Li Dongming , Wang Aibo , Chen Yi , Zhang Yuanzhi , Cang Huaiwen , Li Haiyang
Published: April 2023

Butanone-enhanced vacuum ultraviolet photoionization ion mobility spectrometry provides a new method for monitoring the spatial distribution of atmospheric ammonia and supporting the air quality assessment.
Coupling Ti doping with oxygen vacancies in tungsten oxide for high-performance photochromism applications
Authors: Tang Jiamin , Gu Hongxi , Zhao Yating , Tan Mengdi , Zhao Weiwei , Ma Rong , Zhang Sheng , Hu Dengwei
Published: April 2023

Based on the synergistic effect of doped Ti and oxygen vacancies, Ti-doped W18O49shows excellent visible light photochromic performance, and is extremely valuable in applications in smart windows and rewritable paper.
In situ potential-regulated architecture of an ultrafine Ru-based electrocatalyst for ultralow overpotential lithium–oxygen batteries
Authors: Jin Liangyu , Xing Aiming , Zhu Zhenjiang , Fu Kui , Zhou Meng , Meng Fancheng , Wei Xiangfeng , Liu Jiehua
Published: April 2023

Highly active ultrafine fcc nano-Ru with {111} facets is synthesized by in situ electrochemical reduction in a lithium cell for lithium–oxygen batteries.
Synthesis of indene-fused spiro-dibenz(ox)azepines via Rh(iii)-catalyzed cascade regioselective C–H activation/annulation
Authors: Naskar Koushik , Karmakar Sudip , Mondal Imtiaj , Sarkar Writhabrata , Roy Shantonu , Roy Anupam , Deb Indubhusan
Published: April 2023

We have successfully developed a silver-free Rh(iii)-catalyzed redox-neutral regioselective [3+2]-spiroannulation of dibenz(ox)azepines and ynones to access dibenz(ox)azepines containing α-aroyl spiro-indenamines.
New pyrimidine-amide-tetrazole ligand derived polyoxometalate-based copper complexes as catalysts for sulfide-sulfoxide transformation and electrochemical sensors
Authors: Lu Jun-Jun , Lin Hong-Yan , Liu Qian-Qian , Liu Xiao-Dong , Wang Xiu-Li
Published: April 2023

A new organic ligand was constructed by linking pyrimidine and tetrazole group through amide bond and used to build POM-based metal–organic complexes that can be used as catalysts for the catalytic oxidation of sulfides and electrochemical sensors.
Adsorption, activation, and conversion of carbon dioxide on small copper–tin nanoclusters
Authors: Muthuperiyanayagam Akshayini , Nabi Azeem Ghulam , Zhao Qi , Aman-ur-Rehman  , Di Tommaso Devis
Published: April 2023

Density functional theory calculations of the CO2 reduction on Cu–Sn clusters, isolated or supported on graphene and γ-Al2O3, show Cu2Sn2 on graphene to suppress the hydrogen evolution reaction and be highly selective towards the synthesis of formic acid.
Surface plasmon resonance in metal nanospheres explained with LCR circuits
Authors: Dubey Shivangi , Kumar Kuldeep , Arun P.
Published: April 2023

A LCR circuit model of surface plasmon resonance for spherical nanoparticles.
Sputtered binder-free Cu3N electrode materials for high-performance quasi-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Qi Zhengbing , Wei Binbin , Shen Hao , Hou Zhuo , Fang Minjie , Wu Jingang , Liang Hanfeng , Wang Zhoucheng
Published: April 2023

Developing binder-free Cu3N electrode materials by magnetron sputtering for high performance quasi-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor.
Integrating electrocatalytic seawater splitting and biomass upgrading via bifunctional nickel cobalt phosphide nanorods
Authors: Yang Yunyi , Zou Ren , Gan Jianyun , Wei Yujia , Chen Zhongxin , Li Xuehui , Admassie Shimelis , Liu Yunpeng , Peng Xinwen
Published: April 2023

A hybrid electrolyser using NiCoP as a bifunctional electrode was constructed by coupling xylose oxidation with hydrogen evolution from seawater, aiming to boost the efficiency of seawater electrolysis.
Chemical vapour generation assisted by Cr3+/KCN coupled to atomic fluorescence spectrometry for ultrasensitive determination of cadmium in water and rice samples
Authors: Štádlerová Barbora , Sagapova Linda , Musil Stanislav
Published: April 2023

A methodology for cadmium determination at ultratrace levels based on chemical vapour generation (CVG) coupled to atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) was developed.
Thiourea derivatives containing 4-arylthiazoles and d-glucose moiety: design, synthesis, antimicrobial activity evaluation, and molecular docking/dynamics simulations
Authors: Thanh Nguyen Dinh , Lan Pham Hong , Hai Do Son , Anh Hoang Huu , Giang Nguyen Thi Kim , Van Hoang Thi Kim , Toan Vu Ngoc , Tri Nguyen Minh , Toan Duong Ngoc
Published: April 2023

Substituted thioureas with 1,3-thiazole and d-glucose were gained from 2-amino-1,3-thiazoles and glucopyranosyl isocyanate. They had antimicrobial activity, some inhibiting S. aureus DNA gyrase, DNA Topo IV, and dihydrofolate reductase. IFD, MM-GBSA and MD were performed.
Identification of potential biomarkers for diagnosis of syphilis from the cerebrospinal fluid based on untargeted metabolomic analysis
Authors: Liu Liguo , Xu Dongmei , Chen Fengxin , Cai Shengnan , Wei Jin , Deng Jiaheng , Zheng Jianhua , Jin Qi , Lun Wenhui
Published: April 2023

Untargeted metabolomic analysis may promote the development of potential biomarkers for diagnosis of latent syphilis from neurosyphilis, and the early period of neurosyphilis in which symptoms are not apparent from symptomatic neurosyphilis.
Gaussian approximation potentials for accurate thermal properties of two-dimensional materials
Authors: Kocabaş Tuğbey , Keçeli Murat , Vázquez-Mayagoitia Álvaro , Sevik Cem
Published: April 2023

Machine learning potentials trained on first principles calculations provide an accurate and computationally efficient description for thermal properties of two-dimensional materials.
Correction: Recent advances in self-healing polyurethane based on dynamic covalent bonds combined with other self-healing methods
Authors: An Ze-Wei , Xue Rui , Ye Kang , Zhao Hui , Liu Yang , Li Peng , Chen Zhen-Ming , Huang Chong-Xing , Hu Guo-Hua
Published: April 2023

Correction for ‘Recent advances in self-healing polyurethane based on dynamic covalent bonds combined with other self-healing methods’ by Ze-Wei An et al., Nanoscale, 2023, 15, 6505–6520, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2NR07110J.
One-pot synthesis of 11-sulfenyl dibenzodiazepinesviatandem sulfenylation/cyclization ofo-isocyanodiaryl amines and diaryl disulfides
Authors: Liu Yi , Gao Wei , Yuan Sitian , Ni Mengjia , Hao Tianxin , Zeng Cuiying , Xu Xinyi , Fu Yang , Peng Yiyuan , Ding Qiuping
Published: April 2023

AgI-catalyzed one-pot sulfenylation/cyclization ofo-isocyanodiaryl amines has been described for the preparation of 11-sulfenyl dibenzodiazepines in moderate to good yields.
AgIn5Se8: a defect diamond-like non-linear optical selenide
Authors: Dong Linfeng , Zhang Shengzi , Gong Pifu , Liang Fei , Lin Zheshuai
Published: April 2023

A defect diamond-like mid-IR NLO material, AgIn5Se8, is synthesized and its NLO performance has been systematically studied for the first time.
Spectroscopic studies on CVD-grown monolayer, bilayer, and ribbon structures of WSe2 flakes
Authors: Papanai Girija Shankar , Gupta Bipin Kumar
Published: April 2023

The spectroscopic properties of APCVD-grown monolayer, bilayer, and ribbon structures of WSe2 flakes are investigated in detail. The synthesis pathway of the ribbon structures is interpreted on the basis of droplet motion.
Hydroxylation of organoborons via uranyl photocatalysis
Authors: Jia Yixin , Meng Jiaolong , Hu Deqing , Kang Hao , Jiang Xuefeng
Published: April 2023

Aerobic oxidation of organoboron, via uranyl photocatalysis using the principle of indirect single electron transfer, was established under ambient conditions, and afforded multifarious phenols and alcohols, including nine pharmaceuticals.
An overview of the preparation and application of counter electrodes for DSSCs
Authors: Ding Shuang , Yang Chaoqiao , Yuan Jie , Li Huijin , Yuan Xianli , Li Min
Published: April 2023

Working principle of dye-sensitized solar cells.
Advances in organic photovoltaic cells: a comprehensive review of materials, technologies, and performance
Authors: Solak Ebru Kondolot , Irmak Erdal
Published: April 2023

The paper analyzes the key features, performance, efficiency, and electrical characteristics of organic PV cells to highlight the latest trends and advancements by using comparative tables and a comprehensive SWOT analysis.
Study on the quality and inkjet printing effect of the prepared washing-free disperse dye ink
Authors: Gao Chengyong , Wang Hua , Zhao Huirong , Shi Sheng , Guo Hong , Wang Shuhua , Fan Liangxin
Published: April 2023

With the rapid development of digital inkjet printing, it will inevitably lead to the uneven quality of inkjet printing ink products on the market.
Molecular modeling and DFT studies on the antioxidant activity ofCentaurea scopariaflavonoids and molecular dynamics simulation of their interaction with β-lactoglobulin
Authors: Kamel Emadeldin M. , Bin-Ammar Albandari , El-Bassuony Ashraf A. , Alanazi Mohammed M. , Altharawi Ali , Ahmeda Ahmad F. , Alanazi Ashwag S. , Lamsabhi Al Mokhtar , Mahmoud Ayman M.
Published: April 2023

Centaurea scopariaflavonoids bind to the appropriate binding site on β-lactoglobulinviapolar and hydrophobic interactions and bind to and inhibit xanthine oxidase.
Improving the performance of an anionic MOF by counter cation replacement as electrode material in a full cell setup of a potassium ion capacitor
Authors: Aphirakaramwong Chalita , Akintola Oluseun , Plass Christian T. , Sawangphruk Montree , Plass Winfried , Balducci Andrea
Published: April 2023

Potassium-based energy storage devices are attracting increasing attention as an alternative to lithium and sodium systems.
Retraction: He-Wei granules (HWKL) combat cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and myelosuppression in rats by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis
Authors: Song Zehai , Chang Hang , Han Na , Liu Zhihui , Liu Ye , Wang Hui , Shao Jingxuan , Wang Zhonglin , Gao Hao , Yin Jun
Published: April 2023

Retraction of ‘He-Wei granules (HWKL) combat cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and myelosuppression in rats by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis’ by Zehai Song et al., RSC Adv., 2017, 7, 19794–19807, https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA02830J.
Rational design and topochemical synthesis of polymorphs of a polymer
Authors: Athiyarath Vignesh , Mathew Liby Ann , Zhao Yakai , Khazeber Ravichandran , Ramamurty Upadrasta , Sureshan Kana M.
Published: April 2023

We demonstrate the scope of combining polymorphism and topochemistry for the designed synthesis of polymorphs of a polymer. Polymorphs of a designed monomer underwent topochemical polymerization to polymer–polymorphs.
A self-assembled nanophotosensitizer targets lysosomes and induces lysosomal membrane permeabilization to enhance photodynamic therapy
Authors: Li Youyou , Han Wenbo , Gong Deyan , Luo Taokun , Fan Yingjie , Mao Jianming , Qin Wenwu , Lin Wenbin
Published: April 2023

Self-assembly of amphiphilic photosensitizer BDQ into BDQ-NP enables stable incorporation of BDQ into lysosome membranes to cause continuous lysosomal membrane permeabilization for highly effective photodynamic therapy.
Synthesis of biolabile thioalkyl-protected phosphates from an easily accessible phosphotriester precursor
Authors: Murphy Lloyd D. , Huxley Kathryn E. , Wilding Ava , Robinson Cyane , Foucart Quentin P. O. , Willems Lianne I.
Published: April 2023

The synthesis of phosphotriesters bearing biolabile SATE protecting groups is achieved in two steps from an easy to synthesise tri(bromoalkyl)phosphate precursor. The method provides access to caged phosphorylated sugars and amino acid derivatives.
Target-triggered CRISPR–Cas13a autocatalysis-driven amplification strategy for one-step detection of circadian clock gene
Authors: Feng Zhiyuan , Xue Yi , Yun Yangfang , Liu Zheng , Zhang Jingjing
Published: April 2023

A CRISPR–Cas13a-powered autocatalytic cleavage circuit (CRISPR-ACC) for ultrasensitive and specific detection of a circadian clock gene was developed.
Non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors based on nanomaterials for detection of organophosphorus pesticide residues
Authors: Zhou Chuanqin , Feng Jinxia , Tian Yaling , Wu Yiyong , He Quanguo , Li Guangli , Liu Jun
Published: April 2023

Non-enzymatic nanocomposites and their modified electrodes, including carbon nanotubes, graphene, metal nanoparticles, metal oxides, conductive polymers, MOFs and derivatives, molecularly imprinted polymers are discussed in the rapid electrochemical sensing of OPPs.
Adaptive backstepping controller design for DC/DC buck converter optimised by grey wolf algorithm
Authors: Ghamari Seyyed Morteza , Khavari Fatemeh , Mollaee Hasan
Published: April 2023

A Lypunov‐based Adaptive Backstepping Control (ABSC) approach is designed for a power Buck converter. This strategy is an advanced version of the Backstepping method utilising Lyapunov stability function to reach a higher stability and a better disturbance rejection behaviour in the practical applications. In addition, to reduce the computational burden and increase ease of implantation, Black‐box technique is considered assuming no accurate mathematical model for the system. Nonetheless, in real‐time environments, disturbances with wider ranges including: supply voltage variation, parametric variation, and noise can negatively impact the operation of this method. To compensate for this problem, the gains of the controller should be tuned again for better adaptability with the working condition. Therefore, to satisfy this need and enhance the controller's performance, a metaheuristic algorithm is applied in the control scheme called Grey Wolf Optimisation (GWO) algorithm. GWO is a well‐behaved nature‐inspired algorithm with faster decision‐making dynamics along with more accuracy over different optimisation algorithms. To better elaborate the merits of this approach, conventional BSM and PSO‐based PID schemes are also designed and tested in different situations.
An optimal joint planning of DGs and electric vehicle charging stations in grid‐connected and islanded microgrids
Authors: Zainab Fasiha , Naz Komal , Mehmood Khawaja Khalid , Bukhari Syed Basit Ali , Wadood Abdul , Khalid Hassan Abdullah , Park Herie
Published: April 2023

This paper proposes a new framework for the planning of both distributed generators (DGs) and electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs). The proposed method efficiently produces a unified solution for the joint planning of DGs and EVCSs for both grid‐connected and islanded scenarios. The problem is formulated as a novel two‐stage planning problem. The first stage determines the locations and sizes of the DGs with locations of EVCSs in grid‐connected scenario, whereas the second stage planning identifies the optimal islands under the islanded microgrid scenario. A non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA‐II) is applied to solve the first stage planning problem; in this stage, the algorithm minimizes two objective functions: the system‐losses and total cost. In the second stage, another single objective optimization problem is designed which minimizes supply voltage variations to find optimal islands for the DGs and EVCSs to ensure a secure supply of power for EVs. The proposed framework is implemented on the IEEE 33‐bus system and verified with four test cases. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and show that the sizes and locations of DGs, and locations of EVCSs are adequate for both grid‐connected and islanded microgrids.
Beyond the disk: EUV coronagraphic observations of the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager on board Solar Orbiter
Authors: Auchère F. , Berghmans D. , Dumesnil C. , Halain J.-P. , Mercier R. , Rochus P. , Delmotte F. , François S. , Hermans A. , Hervier V. , Kraaikamp E. , Meltchakov E. , Morinaud G. , Philippon A. , Smith P. J. , Stegen K. , Verbeeck C. , Zhang X. , Andretta V. , Abbo L. , Buchlin E. , Frassati F. , Gissot S. , Gyo M. , Harra L. , Jerse G. , Landini F. , Mierla M. , Nicula B. , Parenti S. , Renotte E. , Romoli M. , Russano G. , Sasso C. , Schühle U. , Schmutz W. , Soubrié E. , Susino R. , Teriaca L. , West M. , Zhukov A. N.
Published: April 2023

Context. Most observations of the solar corona beyond 2 R⊙ consist of broadband visible light imagery carried out with coronagraphs. The associated diagnostics mainly consist of kinematics and derivations of the electron number density. While the measurement of the properties of emission lines can provide crucial additional diagnostics of the coronal plasma (temperatures, velocities, abundances, etc.), these types of observations are comparatively rare. In visible wavelengths, observations at these heights are limited to total eclipses. In the ultraviolet (UV) to extreme UV (EUV) range, very few additional observations have been achieved since the pioneering results of the Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS).

Aims. One of the objectives of the Full Sun Imager (FSI) channel of the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI) on board the Solar Orbiter mission has been to provide very wide field-of-view EUV diagnostics of the morphology and dynamics of the solar atmosphere in temperature regimes that are typical of the lower transition region and of the corona.

Methods. FSI carries out observations in two narrowbands of the EUV spectrum centered on 17.4 nm and 30.4 nm that are dominated, respectively, by lines of FeIX/X (formed in the corona around 1 MK) and by the resonance line of He II (formed around 80 kK in the lower transition region). Unlike previous EUV imagers, FSI includes a moveable occulting disk that can be inserted in the optical path to reduce the amount of instrumental stray light to a minimum.

Results. FSI detects signals at 17.4 nm up to the edge of its field of view (7 R⊙), which is about twice further than was previously possible. Operation at 30.4 nm are for the moment compromised by an as-yet unidentified source of stray light. Comparisons with observations by the LASCO and Metis coronagraphs confirm the presence of morphological similarities and differences between the broadband visible light and EUV emissions, as documented on the basis of prior eclipse and space-based observations.

Conclusions. The very-wide-field observations of FSI out to about 3 and 7 R⊙, without and with the occulting disk, respectively, are paving the way for future dedicated instruments.
Ausfallzeiten und Wiederverletzungsraten nach lateralen Bandverletzungen des Sprunggelenks bei männlichen Profifußballspielern: Zusammenfassung eines Systematic Reviews mit Metaanalyse
Authors: Flore Zacharias , Hambly Karen , De Coninck Kyra , Welsch Götz
Published: April 2023

Es wurde eine systematische Literatursuche in 6 elektronischen Datenbänken durchgeführt, um Ausfallzeiten und Wiederverletzungsraten nach lateralen Bandverletzungen des Sprunggelenks bei professionellen Fußballspielern systematisch zusammenzufassen und metaanalytisch aufzubereiten. Insgesamt entsprachen 13 (Rezidivrate) und 12 (Ausfallzeit) Studien den zuvor festgelegten Einschlusskriterien. Insgesamt wurden 36201 Spieler (44404 Erstverletzungen; 7944 Erstverletzungen am Bandapparat des Sprunggelenks (ankle sprains, AS) und 1193 Rezidivverletzungen des Bandapparats (AS) erfasst. 16442 Profi-Fußballspieler (mit 4893 Erstverletzungen des Bandapparats (AS) und 748 Rezidivverletzungen des Bandapparats) entsprachen den Einschlusskriterien zur Analyse der Rezidivrate und wurden anschließend metaanalytisch untersucht. Basierend auf dem random effects model wurde eine Rezidivrate von 17,11% (95%-KI 13,31–20,92%; df=12; Q=19,53; I²=38,57%) ermittelt. Von 7736 Spielern entsprachen 7337 Spieler den Einschlusskriterien zur Analyse der Ausfallzeit. 3346 Bandverletzungen gingen in die statistische Analyse ein. Aufgrund erheblicher Heterogenität der Studien wurden die Ergebnisse deskriptiv dargestellt (95%-KI 18,15–22,08; df=11; Q=158; I²=93%). Es wurde eine durchschnittliche Ausfallzeit von 15 Tagen (weighted mean: 15,92; median: 14,95; min: 9,55; max: 52,9) ermittelt. Es konnte eine Wiederverletzungsrate von 17% und eine durchschnittliche Ausfallzeit von 15 Tagen nach bandhaften lateralen Sprunggelenkverletzungen bei professionellen Fußballspielern ermittelt werden. Bandverletzungen des Sprunggelenks sind eine der häufigsten Verletzungsformen mit hohen Rezidivraten im Profifußball. Die heterogene Datenerhebung in den Studien erschwert die allgemeine Vergleichbarkeit der Resultate und untermauert somit die allgemeine Forderung, Daten in Verletzungsregistern im Fußball systematisch zu erfassen.
Vapor-Deposited Polymer Films and Structure: Methods and Applications
Authors: Chou Fang-Yu , Ramli Theresia Cecylia , Lee Chin-Yun , Hu Shu-Man , Christy Jane , Chen Hsien-Yeh
Published: April 2023

Vapor deposition of polymers is known to result in densified thin films, and recent developments have advanced these polymers with interesting fabrication techniques to a variety of controlled structures other than thin films. With the advantages of chemical modification and functionalization of these polymers, advancements have combined both the physical and chemical properties of these vapor-deposited polymers to obtain controlled anisotropic polymers, including layer-by-layer, gradient, hierarchical, porosity, and the combination of the above, meaning that the produced polymers are functional and are addressed in devised physical configurations and chemical compositions. The main purpose of using polymer coatings as a tool for surface modification is to provide additional properties that decouple the natural properties of the underlying materials (including metals, polymers, oxides/ceramics, glass, silicon, etc.), and recent advancements have rendered novel insights into combined physical and chemical properties to fulfill the increasing needs of sophisticated requirements of materials for users. The review herein intends to deliver messages of recent progress of the advancements of vapor-deposited polymers, with discussions of the variations of the physical structures and chemical functionalities, and how these two aspects are integrated with novel fabrication techniques. The advanced vapor polymers now have the capability of controlled anisotropy in the physical structure and chemical composition and are expected to pave the way for interface engineering toward prospective material designs.

Table of content:

1. Introduction

2. Fabrication and Materials

3. Controls of Anisotropy

4. Applications

5. Conclusions and Outlook
Biocatalytic Synthesis of Chiral Benzylic Alcohols via Enantioselective Hydroxylation by a Self-Sufficient Cytochrome P450 from Deinococcus gobiensis
Authors: Chen Yong-Zheng , Cui Hai-Bo , Ma Ting , Zhang Ru-Yue , Shan Jing , Wang Zhong-Qiang , Bai Mei
Published: April 2023

Enzymatic asymmetric benzylic hydroxylation represents a green synthesis of valuable chiral benzylic alcohols. The stereoselective C–H direct hydroxylation profile possessed by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) makes it more attractive. Here, we successfully expressed a self-sufficient cytochrome P450 monooxygenase from Deinococcus gobiensis in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) host. The recombinant E. coli (P450DG) strain performed well in terms of functionality and has stereoselective benzylic hydroxylation ability for propylbenzene substrates. Asymmetric benzylic hydroxylation of various aromatic compounds was further investigated using the recombinant E. coli (P450DG) strain based on the optimal conditions, producing the corresponding enantioenriched pharmaceutically relevant benzylic alcohols in moderate yields with good to excellent enantioselectivity.
Efficacy of Antiseizure Medications in Wolf–Hirschhorn Syndrome
Authors: Horiguchi Ayumi , Koichihara Reiko , Kikuchi Kenjiro , Nonoyama Hazuki , Daida Atsuro , Oba Daiju , Hirata Yuko , Matsuura Ryuki , Ohashi Hirofumi , Hamano Shin-ichiro
Published: April 2023

Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is caused by deletion of the terminal region of chromosome 4 short arm and is frequently associated with intractable epilepsy. This article evaluates the clinical features of epileptic seizures in WHS and the therapeutic efficacy of oral antiseizure medications (ASMs). Patients with WHS who were treated for epilepsy at the Saitama Children's Medical Center under 5 years of age were included. WHS was diagnosed based on genetic tests and clinical symptoms. Medical records regarding the age of onset of epilepsy, seizure type, treatment of status epilepticus (SE), and effectiveness of ASMs were retrospectively reviewed. Oral ASMs were considered effective when seizures were reduced by at least 50% compared with the premedication level. Eleven patients were included in the study. The median age at the onset of epilepsy was 9 months (range: 5–32 months). Unknown-onset bilateral tonic-clonic seizure was the most common type of seizure, occurring in 10 patients. Focal clonic seizures occurred in four patients. Ten patients exhibited recurrent episodes of SE, and its frequency during infancy was monthly in eight patients and yearly in two. SE occurrence peaked at 1 year of age and decreased after 3 years of age. The most effective ASM was levetiracetam. Although WHS-associated epilepsy is intractable with frequent SE occurrence during infancy, improvement in seizure control is expected with age. Levetiracetam may be a novel ASM for WHS.
A Straightforward Synthesis of Emericellamide A Using Matteson’s Homologation Approach
Authors: Kazmaier Uli , Priester Ronja
Published: April 2023

The Matteson homologation is the perfect approach for the synthesis of polyketide–peptide natural products such as the emericellamides. In only four steps, the polyketide fragment with three stereogenic centers can be obtained as a single stereoisomer. The peptide fragment is easily available via solid-phase peptide synthesis.
Synthesis of Highly Substituted 3-Acylpyrroles by a Four-Component Sonogashira Alkynylation–Amine Addition–Nitroalkene Michael Addition–Cyclocondensation
Authors: Müller Thomas J. J. , Schmitz G. Hendrik , Lampiri Panagiota
Published: April 2023

A consecutive four-component alkynylation–amine addition–nitroalkene addition–cyclocondensation one-pot reaction of acid chlorides, alkynes, amines, and nitroalkenes furnished a library of 3-acylpyrroles in modest to good yields. The sequence takes advantage of a synergism between a Brønsted acid (acetic acid) and a Lewis acid [iron(III) chloride] in the terminal addition-cyclocondensation step of the intermediately formed enaminones with nitroalkenes.
Meek Micrografting Technique for Reconstruction of Extensive Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Anterior Abdomen and Bilateral Femoral Region: A Case Report
Authors: Ng Jyi Cheng , Ahmad Zaidi Ahmad Ibrahim , Lee Jun De , Jabar Mohd Faisal
Published: April 2023

Necrotizing fasciitis is an uncommon yet fatal soft tissue infection. Current recommended treatment includes antibiotics with repeat surgical exploration and wound debridement followed by reconstruction. In burn patients, the Meek micrograft has demonstrated a higher true expansion ratio, faster reepithelialization rate, more resilient toward infection, and reduced risk of graft failure as compared with meshed graft. To our best knowledge, the use of Meek micrografting technique in reconstruction of postdebridement wounds of necrotizing fasciitis has not been reported. Hereby, we present a case of a 57-year-old gentleman who was referred to us for wound reconstruction after surgical debridement of Fournier's gangrene and extensive necrotizing fasciitis involving the anterior abdomen and bilateral femoral region. Meek micrografting technique was used to reconstruct the anterior abdomen as the wound bed was large. Although the graft was complicated with a small area of localized infection, it did not spread across the entire graft and was successfully treated with topical antibiotics and regular wound dressing. In our case, wound reconstruction using Meek micrografting technique in a patient with extensive necrotizing fasciitis was successful and showed positive outcome. Therefore, we suggest further studies to be conducted to investigate the applications and outcomes of the Meek micrografting technique, especially in patients with extensive wound bed and limited donor site availability.
Actigraphy-Based Sleep Parameters in Wheelchair Basketball Athletes: Influence of Training and Competition Load
Authors: López-Flores Marcos , Suárez-Iglesias David , Rodríguez-Marroyo José Antonio
Published: April 2023

Objective This study aimed to analyze the actigraphy-based sleep parameters in wheelchair basketball (WB) athletes during the 3 weeks leading up to the playoffs, the week of playoffs, and the week after playoffs. Secondarily, the relationship between training load, sleep, and recovery was evaluated.

Methods During 5 consecutive weeks, 10 male elite WB athletes wore a triaxial accelerometer. The session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) and athletes' quality of recovery were also measured.

Results There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in any of the studied parameters between the 3 weeks leading up to the playoffs, the week of playoffs, and the week after playoffs. No significant relationship between training load, sleep parameters, and recovery values was detected.

Discussion The WB competition does not affect sleep quantity and quality.
Altitude and Breathing during Sleep in Healthy Persons and Sleep Disordered Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rojas-Córdova Stephanie , Torres-Fraga Martha Guadalupe , Rodríguez-Reyes Yadira Guadalupe , Guerrero-Zúñiga Selene , Vázquez-García Juan Carlos , Carrillo-Alduenda José Luis
Published: April 2023

Objetive The aim of this systematic review is to analyze the recent scientific evidence of the clinical effects of altitude on breathing during sleep in healthy persons and sleep disordered patients.

Material and Methods A search was carried out in PubMed and Scopus looking for articles published between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2021, in English and Spanish, with the following search terms: “sleep disorders breathing and altitude”. Investigations in adults and carried out at an altitude of 2000 meters above mean sea level (MAMSL) or higher were included. The correlation between altitude, apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and mean SpO2 during sleep was calculated.

Results 18 articles of the 112 identified were included. A good correlation was found between altitude and AHI (Rs = 0.66 P = 0.001), at the expense of an increase in the central apnea index. Altitude is inversely proportional to oxygenation during sleep (Rs = −0.93 P = 0.001), and an increase in the desaturation index was observed (3% and 4%). On the treatment of respiratory disorders of sleeping at altitude, oxygen is better than servoventilation to correct oxygenation during sleep in healthy subjects and acetazolamide controlled respiratory events and oxygenation during sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnea under treatment with CPAP.

Conclusions Altitude increases AHI and decreases oxygenation during sleep; oxygen and acetazolamide could be an effective treatment for sleep-disordered breathing at altitude above 2000 MAMSL.
Immediate and Medium-Term Follow-Up of Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Undergoing Pharyngeal and Nasal Surgery: A Pilot Study
Authors: Stefanini Renato , Campanholo Milena de Almeida Torres , Prescinotto Renato , Caparroz Fábio de Azevedo , Bittencourt Lia Rita Azeredo , Tufik Sergio , Haddad Fernanda Louise Martinho
Published: April 2023

Objectives To evaluate the evolution of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), comparing data from preoperative, immediate postoperative and late postoperative, in patients undergoing pharyngeal surgery associated with nasal surgery, and to compare the findings of arterial tonometry and type 1 polysomnography in the late postoperative period.

Methods Seventeen adults with moderate or severe OSA were included in the study. They underwent clinical evaluation, surgical intervention, and sleep study preoperatively, on the 1st night after surgery, and after a minimum period of 3 months. The data for the three moments were compared.

Results The mean age was 38.1 ± 12.5 years old (22 to 59 years old), and 82.3% were male. Body mass index (BMI) ranged from 25.6 to 45.1 kg/m2 (mean = 33.1 ± 5.8 kg/m2). Fifteen patients (88.2%) were diagnosed with severe OSA. There was a progressive improvement, with a decrease in the indexes (AHI and RDI) and in the percentage of time with peripheral oxyhemoglobin saturation below 90% (tSpO < 90%), and an increase in nadir of SpO2. In the comparison between the 2 methods used in the late postoperative period – arterial tonometry and polysomnography – there was no difference in the indexes and in the tSpO < 90%.

Discussion There was a progressive and favorable impact of pharyngeal surgery on the improvement of polysomnographic and clinical respiratory parameters; however, many patients maintained residual OSA, suggesting the need for a new sleep study in the postoperative period. The arterial tonometry showed similar findings to polysomnography, which can be considered as an option in postoperative follow-up of patients.
Is Being a Lark Healthier for Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
Authors: Valiensi Stella Maris , Folgueira Agustín Leandro , Diez Joaquin Jose , Gonzalez-Cardozo Agustin , Vera Vanesa Antonella , Camji Julieta Marina , Alvarez Adriana Mabel
Published: April 2023

Background Sleep quality and mood have been evaluated in type 1 diabetic (T1DM) patients, but chronotypes were not studied. Our objectives were to analyze chronotypes, sleep and mood variables and to describe their association with some metabolic variables in this population.

Methods An observational, cross-sectional study was performed. Adults with a diagnosis of T1DM were included. We evaluated chronotypes by the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaires, sleep quality by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), excessive daytime sleepiness by Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), symptoms of depression by Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 (PHQ-9) and emotional well-being by Emotional Well Being Index (IWHO-5). A few metabolic variables were included.

Results Ninety-five patients participated. The mean age was 38 years old (range 18–70). The average body mass index (BMI) was 24.4 Kg/m2 (standard deviation [SD]: 4.6). Out of the total sample, 52.6% were males. The Intermediate chronotype was predominant: n = 56 (55%). We found poor quality of sleep in 67.4% of the sample, excessive daytime sleepiness in 14.7%, depressive symptoms in 6.3% by PHQ9 and low perception of well-being by IWHO-5 in 16.8%. Evening chronotype scored worse in sleep quality (p = 0.05) and had lower well-being (p = 0.03) compared with the other chronotypes. Higher MEQ values (morningness) correlated with lower height (p = 0.043), lower values in the PSQI (p = 0.021); and higher values in emotional well-being (p = 0.040).

Conclusions We found that the predominant chronotype in T1DM was the intermediate. Two-thirds reported poor quality of sleep and 14,7% excessive daytime sleepiness. Possible diagnosis of a depressive disorder in 6.3% and poor self-perception of emotional well-being in 16. 8% were observed. The morning chronotype had significant correlation with better sleep quality and higher scores in emotional well-being.
Insomnia Severity is Associated with Morning Cortisol and Psychological Health
Authors: Passos Giselle Soares , Youngstedt Shawn D. , Rozales Ariella Ariella Rodrigues Cordeiro , Ferreira Walkyria Silva , De-Assis Daniela Elias , De-Assis Bernardo Pessoa , Santana Marcos Gonçalves
Published: April 2023

Studies suggest associations between cortisol and sleep, and cortisol shows a profound diurnal rhythm. The evidence about the relationship between chronic insomnia and cortisol is mixed. Chronic insomnia is associated with the risk of mental health disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of insomnia severity and objective sleep pattern with morning cortisol level and psychological health. The instruments used were the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), polysomnography, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Profile of Mood States (POMS). Serum cortisol was analyzed by chemiluminescence. The data revealed significant positive correlations of ISI with morning cortisol level (r = 0.37, p = 0.03), BDI score (r = 0.44, p < 0.01), and POMS-tension anxiety (r = 0.39, p = 0.02). Sleep stages N2 and N3 were correlated with POMS-fatigue (r = 0.46, p < 0.01; r = -0.37, p = 0.04). Sleep stage N3 was also negatively correlated with POMS-tension-anxiety (r = -0.36, p = 0.04). Higher insomnia severity was associated with higher morning cortisol, depression, and tension-anxiety. Sleep stage N2 was associated with higher fatigue and N3 was associated with lower tension-anxiety and fatigue.
Assessment of the Anterior Clinoid Process and Optic Strut in Chiari Malformation Type I: A Computed Tomography Study
Authors: Özalp Hakan , Özgüral Onur , Alpergin Baran C. , İnceoğlu Ayşenur , Özalp Sibel , Armağan Ercan , Uçar Hadice , Beger Orhan
Published: April 2023

Objective This study aimed to evaluate morphological features of the anterior clinoid process (ACP) and the optic strut (OS) in Chiari malformation Type I (CM-I).

Methods The study universe consisted of computed tomography images of 41 CM-I patients and 45 normal subjects. Comparison of the parameters for CM-I and the control group was performed with the Student's t-test. A “p < 0.05” was accepted as the significance level.

Results ACP length was smaller in CM-I than the control group (p < 0.001). In contrast to ACP length, ACP angle (p < 0.001), OS length (p = 0.022), and the distance between ACP and OS (p = 0.020) were found greater in CM-I in comparison to the control group (p < 0.05). ACP width (p = 0.233) and OS width (p = 0.376) were similar in both groups. ACP pneumatization in CM-I group was found as 12.20%, whereas in the control group as 8.90%. Two different types about the pneumatization were identified in CM-I group (Type 1: 4.9% and Type 2: 7.3%), whereas three different types in the control group (Type 1: 3.3%, Type 2: 4.4%, and Type 3: 1.1%). Relative to ACP, three different types about OS position were identified in CM-I group (Type C: 31.70%, Type D: 64.60%, and Type E: 3.70%) and the control group (Type C: 7.80%, Type D: 64.40%, and Type E: 27.80%).

Conclusion Shorter ACP, wide-angled ACP, longer OS, and more anteriorly located OS were found in CM-I group compared with the normal group. Our findings showed that the pneumatization of ACP was not affected by CM-I.
Voice assistants in private households: a conceptual framework for future research in an interdisciplinary field
Authors: Minder Bettina , Wolf Patricia , Baldauf Matthias , Verma Surabhi
Published: April 2023

The present study identifies, organizes, and structures the available scientific knowledge on the recent use and the prospects of Voice Assistants (VA) in private households. The systematic review of the 207 articles from the Computer, Social, and Business and Management research domains combines bibliometric with qualitative content analysis. The study contributes to earlier research by consolidating the as yet dispersed insights from scholarly research, and by conceptualizing linkages between research domains around common themes. We find that, despite advances in the technological development of VA, research largely lacks cross-fertilization between findings from the Social and Business and Management Sciences. This is needed for developing and monetizing meaningful VA use cases and solutions that match the needs of private households. Few articles show that future research is well-advised to make interdisciplinary efforts to create a common understanding from complementary findings—e.g., what necessary social, legal, functional, and technological extensions could integrate social, behavioral, and business aspects with technological development. We identify future VA-based business opportunities and propose integrated future research avenues for aligning the different disciplines’ scholarly efforts.