bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Approaches to mathematical modeling of context effects in sentence recognition
Authors: Smits Cas , Zekveld Adriana A.
Published: February 2021

Probabilistic models to quantify context effects in speech recognition have proven their value in audiology. Boothroyd and Nittrouer [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 84, 101–114 (1988)] introduced a model with the j-factor and k-factor as context parameters. Later, Bronkhorst, Bosman, and Smoorenburg [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 93, 499–509 (1993)] proposed an elaborated mathematical model to quantify context effects. The present study explores existing models and proposes a new model to quantify the effect of context in sentence recognition. The effect of context is modeled by parameters that represent the change in the probability that a certain number of words in a sentence are correctly recognized. Data from two studies using a Dutch sentence-in-noise test were analyzed. The most accurate fit was obtained when using signal-to-noise ratio-dependent context parameters. Furthermore, reducing the number of context parameters from five to one had only a small effect on the goodness of fit for the present context model. An analysis of the relationships between context parameters from the different models showed that for a change in word recognition probability, the different context parameters can change in opposite directions, suggesting opposite effects of sentence context. This demonstrates the importance of controlling for the recognition probability of words in isolation when comparing the use of sentence context between different groups of listeners.
Emergent stereoselective interactions and self-recognition in polar chiral active ellipsoids
Authors: Arora Pragya , Sood A. K. , Ganapathy Rajesh
Published: February 2021

Experiments on 3D-printed chiral active ellipsoids now uncover the dynamical analogs of stereoselectivity and self-recognition.
People accurately predict the transition probabilities between actions
Authors: Thornton Mark A. , Tamir Diana I.
Published: February 2021

People accurately predict sequences of everyday actions, supported in part by conceptual knowledge tailored for such predictions.
Tumor-specific cytolytic CD4 T cells mediate immunity against human cancer
Authors: Cachot Amélie , Bilous Mariia , Liu Yen-Cheng , Li Xiaokang , Saillard Margaux , Cenerenti Mara , Rockinger Georg Alexander , Wyss Tania , Guillaume Philippe , Schmidt Julien , Genolet Raphaël , Ercolano Giuseppe , Protti Maria Pia , Reith Walter , Ioannidou Kalliopi , de Leval Laurence , Trapani Joseph A. , Coukos George , Harari Alexandre , Speiser Daniel E. , Mathis Alexander , Gfeller David , Altug Hatice , Romero Pedro , Jandus Camilla
Published: February 2021

Fully functional, tumor-specific, SLAMF7-expressing cytotoxic CD4 T cells directly mediate immunity against human cancer.
The deacetylation-phosphorylation regulation of SIRT2-SMC1A axis as a mechanism of antimitotic catastrophe in early tumorigenesis
Authors: Yi Fei , Zhang Ying , Wang Zhijun , Wang Zhuo , Li Ziwei , Zhou Tingting , Xu Hongde , Liu Jingwei , Jiang Bo , Li Xiaoman , Wang Liang , Bai Ning , Guo Qiqiang , Guan Yi , Feng Yanling , Mao Zhiyong , Fan Guangjian , Zhang Shengping , Wang Chuangui , Cao Longyue , O’Rourke Brian P. , Wang Yang , Wu Yanmei , Wu Boquan , You Shilong , Zhang Naijin , Guan Junlin , Song Xiaoyu , Sun Yingxian , Wei Shi , Cao Liu
Published: February 2021

SIRT2-mediated deacetylation of SMC1A promotes its phosphorylation and overcomes the oncogenic stress for tumor cell survival.
How to use a coagulation screen
Authors: Kapur Sarah , Gilmore Mark , Macartney Christine , Thompson Andrew
Published: February 2021

A coagulation screen is an important screening test when investigating a child who presents with easy bruising or bleeding. Interpretation of a coagulation screen can be challenging for clinicians. Evolution of the haemostasis system during childhood means normal ranges vary with age and needs to be interpreted alongside the clinical information. It is essential to consider preanalytical variables when interpreting a coagulation screen, and the reason for the investigation must always be considered. It is important that the sample is taken under optimal conditions, including sample technique, use of the correct bottle and prompt transport to the laboratory. An abnormal coagulation screen may indicate an underlying congenital bleeding disorder or an acquired bleeding disorder, or may be due to sampling error. Limitations of the coagulation screen are essential to be aware of, as some children with normal coagulation screen results may have bleeding disorders. Conversely, an abnormal coagulation screen does not always indicate a bleeding disorder.
How to interpret spinal imaging in paediatric trauma
Authors: Richards Alexandra , Dadnam Christopher , Murch Hannah Kate
Published: February 2021

Spinal injuries in children are fortunately rare; however, it is important that they are assessed and managed in a timely manner. A systematic approach to traumatic spinal injuries should be used, by following recent evidence and national protocols, in order to avoid misinterpretation and potentially, inappropriate discharge. The aim of this article is to highlight the concepts of spinal imaging in paediatric trauma with regards to indications, interpretation and limitations.
How to interpret a paediatric blood culture
Authors: O’Hagan Shaun , Nelson Peter , Speirs Lynne , Moriarty Paul , Mallett Peter
Published: February 2021

Blood culture is one of the most important diagnostic tests in medicine, considering the significant morbidity and mortality associated with bloodstream infection (BSI). However, it is an often misused and misinterpreted test in everyday paediatric practice. In this article, we explore the evidence related to paediatric blood cultures, with the aim of providing clear and clinically-relevant recommendations for its judicious use.
Paediatric trainees’ training experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national survey
Authors: Harmer Matthew James , Southgate Genevieve , Raja Maduri , Alam Shouja
Published: February 2021

This study examines trainees’ experiences of paediatric education and training during the COVID-19 pandemic. Paediatric trainees across the UK undertook an online survey. 368 of approximately 4000 trainees responded; quantitative and qualitative data were collected. Although the majority of trainees remained in their specialties, there was significant disruption to training events, teaching and learning opportunities. Despite this, for many, novel opportunities presented themselves that may not have otherwise been accessible. Trainees reported increased virtual learning, reflection, leadership and management opportunities. A breadth of trainee-identified web-based paediatric training resources were also highlighted. As the COVID-19 pandemic persists, these trainee experiences inform educators to adopt helpful training practices from other regions, including sharing of virtual learning regionally and acting-up opportunities. Trainees highlighted previously under-recognised areas of concern that can inform quality improvement initiatives, such as enhancing patient safety through tackling trainee fatigue, combating reduced clinical experience or instituting protected supporting professional activity time.
Unclassifiable lymphoma in pregnancy
Authors: Hernández Martínez Mariola , Lizán Tudela César , Saus Carreres Ana
Published: February 2021

A 28-year-old woman, 15 weeks pregnant, consulted for cervical ache and left laterocervical mass. Imaging scans revealed a large mediastinal mass that had spread to supraclavicular and left axillar spaces, including cervicobrachial plexus. Pathological anatomy confirmed an unclassifiable lymphoma, with intermediate features between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma. CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone) therapy was started with partial response. But due to disease progression, an elective caesarean section was performed (30th week of pregnancy) to begin a chemotherapy regime incompatible with pregnancy. Despite acute complications related to prematurity, the newborn could be discharged from hospital at 45 days of life. The patient did not respond to the second treatment line and she is currently undergoing a third chemotherapy regime. Given the unusual occurrence of lymphoma during pregnancy, multidisciplinary teamwork between haematologists, neonatologists and obstetricians is essential to achieve the best maternal–fetal outcome.
Klebsiella pneumoniaeliver abscess with endophthalmitis in a diabetic man with gallstones
Authors: David Michael , Pouncey Anna Louise , Kerwat Rajab , Habal Sami
Published: February 2021

Invasive liver abscess syndrome (ILAS) is caused byKlebsiella pneumoniaeand is typically seen in people from East Asia, often with diabetes and gallstones. ILAS includes metastatic sequelae of the infection, commonly to the eyes. The case described below occurred in a London hospital. The patient’s abscess was diagnosed on CT and MRI and he developed endophthalmitis secondary to metastatic spread of the infection. He was treated with intravenous and intravitreal antibiotics and discharged with a plan for vitrectomy and cholecystectomy as an outpatient. We discuss the epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, prognosis and management of this rare condition. There have been a number of recent reports of cases of this nature outside of Asia and we believe greater awareness is required. A high index of suspicion should be held for the potential development of metastases in patients of this demographic presenting with abscesses of this nature.
Anterior segment reconstruction with artificial iris and Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty: a staged surgical approach
Authors: Ang Marcus , Tan Donald
Published: February 2021

Purpose

To describe a surgical approach that involves anterior segment reconstruction with CustomFlex Artificial Iris (CAI; HumanOptics, Erlangen, Germany) followed by Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) in complex eyes with corneal decompensation.

Methods

Restrospective case series of eyes that underwent anterior segment restoration involving (1) synechiolysis of peripheral anterior synechiae and excision of iris remnants, (2) securing a well-fixated posterior chamber intraocular lens and (3) suture-fixated or capsular bag placement of CAI. All eyes then underwent DMEK using a pull-through technique with the DMEK EndoGlide (Network Medical Products, Ripon, UK). Main outcomes were successful anterior segment restoration and corneal clarity with central corneal thickness (CCT).

Results

Five eyes of five patients (median age 61 years, range 27–69 years; 60% female) underwent anterior segment reconstruction with CAI implantation (4 suture-fixated), followed by successful DMEK surgery (median 2 months later, range 1–5 months). There were no major intraoperative complications or primary graft failure, with one peripheral graft detachment that underwent a successful re-bubble at 1 week. All eyes had stable CAI implants and DMEK grafts remained clear at last follow-up with reduction in mean central corneal thickness (preoperative: 658±86 µm vs postoperative: 470±33 µm, p=0.005).

Conclusion

This pilot study highlights a feasible approach of initial anterior segment reconstruction with CAI implantation, prior to DMEK, in eyes with significant anterior segment abnormalities such as iris damage or extensive peripheral anterior synechiae and corneal decompensation.
Trends in healthcare utilisation for firearm-related injuries among a cohort of publicly insured children in Ohio
Authors: Gowda Charitha , Hardy Rose Y , Traylor Steven , Liu Gilbert C
Published: February 2021

Objective

To examine healthcare utilisation for all firearm-related injuries among publicly insured children.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of firearm injury medical claims among paediatric (<21 years) Medicaid beneficiaries in Ohio from 2010 to 2018. Factors associated with unintentional and intentional firearm injury were explored using multivariable logistic regression. Average annual patient healthcare costs were determined in 2019 US$.

Results

There were 1061 firearm injury-related claims (853 (80%) unintentional; 154 (15%) intentional; 54 (5%) unknown) occurring in 663 children over 2 736 517 available person-years. From 2010 to 2018, yearly total firearm claims rose from 19.7 to 31.3 per 100 000 persons (p=0.033). Urban children experienced a non-significant increase in firearm claims rate over time (26.1 vs 35.0/100 000; p=0.066) while the claims rate nearly tripled among those in rural areas (8.4 vs 24.0/100 000; p=0.012). Younger age, females and rural residence were associated with reduced odds of injury claims. The average annual costs for emergency department and inpatient visits, respectively, were $260 and $5735.

Conclusion

Risk and type of firearm injury claims among low-income children in Ohio varies by age, sex and residence. Prevention programmes should be tailored based on these demographics.
Hauntological dimensions of heart transplantation: the onto-epistemologies of deceased donation
Authors: Shildrick Margrit
Published: February 2021

The practice of human organ transplantation studies is shot through with questions concerning the concepts of selfhood and identity that continually reach out towards transmigration, displacement and haunting. In particular, heart transplantation is the site at which the parameters of human life and death are tested to their limits, not simply for the recipient but for the donor too. In conventional biomedicine, the definition and therefore the moment of death is a matter of ongoing and disturbing dispute between two major channels of thought. Should we understand life to end at the point of cessation of cardiac function, or alternatively that of the brainstem? That whole logic is predicated, however, on the familiar binary of life/death that fails to address urgent concerns in three arenas: social-cultural imaginaries, postmodernist philosophy and increasingly exploratory bioscience. If there is always something about death that is uncanny, that exceeds rationalist thought, then we need to queer the concept and ask whether there are more sensitive ways of thinking the process of dying. The very concept of extended life for the recipient is no simple outcome, and the question of whose life has been prolonged is far from clear. My contribution touches on the idea of thinking transplantation in the mode of parasitism but will suggest an alternative Deleuzian way forward.
Survival of patients with asbestosis can be assessed by risk-predicting models
Authors: Keskitalo Eerika , Salonen Johanna , Vähänikkilä Hannu , Kaarteenaho Riitta
Published: February 2021

Objectives

Our aim was to investigate the pulmonary function test (PFT) results of patients with asbestosis and determine whether baseline PFTs and the risk-predicting models such as gender, age and physiologic (GAP) variables model and composite physiologic index (CPI) would be useful in predicting survival in these patients.

Methods

Demographics and PFTs of 100 patients with asbestosis were evaluated. The survival difference between the GAP stages was determined with Kaplan-Meier survival curves with statistical significance analysed with log-rank test. The suitability of the risk-predicting models and baseline PFTs to predict the survival of patients was analysed with Cox regression.

Results

At baseline, the mean value of diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) was 65%; for forced vital capacity it was 81%, with restrictive lung function being the most common impairment. The median estimated survival of the patients was 124 months, that is, 171 months in GAP stage I, 50 months in stage II and 21 months in stage III (p<0.001). CPI, DLCO% predicted, age at baseline and GAP stage were significant predictors of mortality (all p values under 0.001).

Conclusions

GAP and CPI as well as baseline DLCO% predicted were significant parameters in the evaluation of the prognosis of the patients with asbestosis; they may be useful in clinical practice when considering treatment strategies of individual patients.
The origin of the proton radius puzzle
Authors: Pacetti Simone , Tomasi-Gustafsson Egle
Published: February 2021

The dimension of the proton, the basic building block of matter, is still object of controversy. The most precise electron-proton scattering data at low transferred momenta are re-analyzed and the extraction of the proton radius is discussed. A recent experiment from the JLAB-CLAS collaboration gives a small value for the radius (The symbol $$R_E^\alpha $$

R
E
α

stands for the root-mean-square charge radius of the proton $$\sqrt{\langle r_E^2\rangle }$$

⟨

r
E
2

⟩

, obtained by the experimental or theoretical Collaboration $$\alpha $$
α
.) $$R_E^\mathrm{CLAS}= (0.831\pm 0.007_\mathrm{stat}\pm 0.012_\mathrm{syst})$$

R
E
CLAS

=

(
0.831
±
0
.

007
stat

±
0
.

012
syst

)

 fm (Xiong et al. in Nature 575:147, 2019), in contrast with previous electron scattering experiments, in particular with the MAINZ experiment (Bernauer et al. (A1 Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 90:015206, 2014) that concluded $$R_E^\mathrm{MAINZ}= (0.879\pm 0.005_\mathrm{stat}\pm 0.004_\mathrm{syst}\pm 0.002_\mathrm{model}\pm 0.004_\mathrm{group})$$

R
E
MAINZ

=

(
0.879
±
0
.

005
stat

±
0
.

004
syst

±
0
.

002
model

±
0
.

004
group

)

 fm. The experimental results are re-analyzed in terms of different fits of the cross section and of its discrete derivative with analyticity constraints. The uncertainty on the derivative is two orders of magnitude larger than the error on the measured observable, i.e., the cross section. The systematic error associated with the radius is evaluated taking into account the uncertainties from different sources, as the extrapolation to the static point, the choice of the class of fitting functions, and the range of the data sample.
Numerical solutions for fractional initial value problems of distributed-order
Authors: Abdelkawy M. A.
Published: February 2021

This paper addresses spectral collocation techniques to treat with the fractional initial value problem of distributed-order. We introduce three algorithms based on shifted fractional order Jacobi orthogonal functions outputted by Jacobi polynomials. The shifted fractional order Jacobi–Gauss–Radau collocation method is developed for approximating the fractional initial value problem of distributed-order. The principal target in our techniques is to transform the fractional initial value problem of distributed-order to a system of algebraic equations. Some numerical examples are given to test the accuracy and applicability of our technique. It is known that the accuracy of numerical approaches for nonsmooth solution is deteriorated. Employing fractional order Jacobi functions instead of the classical Jacobi stopped this deterioration.
A numerical method for solving the Rubella ailment disease model
Authors: Mahdy A. M. S. , Gepreel K. A. , Lotfy Kh. , El-Bary A. A.
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we work on the fundamental collocation strategy using the moved Vieta–Lucas polynomials type (SVLPT). A numeral method is used for unwinding the nonlinear Rubella illness Tributes. The quality of the SVLPT is presented. The limited contrast system is used to understand the game plan of conditions. The mathematical model is given to attest the resolute quality and ampleness of the recommended procedure. The oddity and meaning of the outcomes are cleared utilizing a 3D plot. We examine free sickness harmony, security balance point and the presence of a consistently steady arrangement.
Trends and Patterns in Traditional Chinese Medicine Use Among Chinese Population in Late Adulthood: An Eight-Year Repeated Panel Survey
Authors: Xu Lu , Hu Jing , Liu Lili , Zhan Siyan , Wang Shengfeng
Published: February 2021

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), originated from China, is different from Western medicine in theory and practice. This study aimed to document the longitudinal trends and the patterns by demographical characteristics in the prevalence of TCM among the middle-aged and elderly Chinese population. This study used nationally representative longitudinal survey data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), covering approximately 20,000 individuals in each panel survey from 2011 to 2018. The questions regarding medication use in the questionnaire was used to identify the TCM users. The prevalence of using TCM for treating chronic diseases among the patients with chronic diseases stabilized between 2011 and 2018, while the prevalence of TCM use for any purpose among the overall population climbed from 19.03% (95% CI 18.37% to 19.69%) in 2011 to 23.91% (95% CI 23.23% to 24.60%) in 2015. Moreover, the prevalence of TCM use for nonchronic conditions among the overall population increased during the same period as well. The TCM users were more likely to be females and city dwellers. The increasing prevalence of TCM use for any purpose among the overall population reflects the increasing influence and potentials of TCM by year. With the expected rising demand in TCM for the following decades in China, more clinical trials on safety and healthcare policy regarding TCM are merited in the future.
Folding-mediated soft elasticity and bandgap variation in mechanical metamaterials
Authors: Wang Guoli , An Ning , Sun Shanwen , Zhou Jinxiong
Published: February 2021

Soft mechanical metamaterials with hinge-like elements can undergo multi-step reconfiguration through folding and contacts, and thus exhibit highly nonlinear responses. Numerical simulation of the nonlinear behaviors is essential for the design and control of the mechanical metamaterials, but it remains a challenge due to complicated nonlinear effects. Here, we report the finite element modeling of multi-step reconfiguration of a shape-changing metamaterial, and elucidate the underlying mechanism of soft elasticity. The predicted stress–strain curve together with the folding angles of hinge elements shows excellent agreement with experimental data reported in the literature. Moreover, we explore the influence of reconfiguration and folding-induced internal stress on the bandgap distribution of the mechanical metamaterials. Our efforts provide useful guidelines for the design and application of mechanical metamaterials for both static and dynamic situations.
Computational Study of the Dynamics of an Asymmetric Wedge Billiard
Authors: Anderson Keegan D. , Villet Charles M.
Published: February 2021

We introduce the asymmetric wedge billiard as a generalization of the wedge billiard first studied by Lehtihet and Miller in 1986. This is a billiard system in which the billiard ball moves under the influence of a constant gravitational field, colliding elastically with two wedge walls with the collisions obeying the reflection law. Collision maps are given from which derivatives and area-preservation (or lack thereof) were determined. Expressions for the fixed points of the collision maps were also calculated and discussed. Long-term dynamics were determined computationally from which we observed integrable, quasi-periodic and chaotic behavior which were all dependent on the wedge angles.
A Plaintext-Related Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Compressive Sensing and a Novel Hyperchaotic System
Authors: Xiao-Qing Wang , Hao Zhang , Yu-Jie Sun , Xing-Yuan Wang
Published: February 2021

In this paper, an image encryption algorithm based on compressive sensing (CS) and a hyperchaotic system is proposed. This new two-dimensional logical coupling sine chaotic map (2D-LCSCM) has a wider range of chaos, better ergodicity and hyperchaotic properties rather than for existing chaotic maps. By combining with the novel chaotic map and CS, we design an image compression encryption algorithm with good reconstruction accuracy and high security. In the substitution phase of the encryption process, the security performance of the algorithm is improved by the nonlinear transformation of the dynamic substitution box (S-box) and the linear transformation of the chaotic sequences. The performance analyses of the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can resist various attacks and is highly secure.
Attractor Analysis of Cohen–Grossberg Neural Networks with Multiple Time-Varying Delays
Authors: Wan Li , Zhou Qinghua
Published: February 2021

This paper investigates the pullback attractor of Cohen–Grossberg neural networks with multiple time-varying delays. Compared with the existing references, the networks considered here are more general and cannot be expressed in the vector-matrix form due to multiple time-varying delays. After constructing a proper Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and eliminating the terms involving multiple time-varying delays, two sets of new sufficient criteria on the existence of the pullback attractor are derived based on the theory of pullback attractors. In the end, two examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of our theoretical results.
Uniform Persistence and Periodic Solutions of Generalized Predator–Prey Type Eco-Epidemiological Systems
Authors: Sun Mengfeng , Chen Guoting , Fu Xinchu
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we analyze a class of three-dimensional eco-epidemiological models where prey is subject to Allee effects and infection. We first establish the existence, uniqueness, positivity and uniform ultimate boundedness of the solutions for the proposed system in the positive octant. For three subsystems, we investigate the existence of their respective trivial and positive equilibria and determine the conditions for some bifurcations (Hopf bifurcation, Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation of codimension-2 and saddle-node bifurcation) to occur. We find that the Allee effect, nonmonotonic functional response and intra-class competition in susceptible preys enable the S–I and S–P subsystems to have richer dynamics. For example, the S–I subsystem can have up to three positive equilibria, the S–P subsystem with nonmonotonic functional response can have two positive equilibria while it is impossible in monotonic situation, and high intra-class competition in susceptible preys may lead to the extinction of the predator population, etc. We show that the strong Allee effect can create a separatrix curve (or surface), leading to multistability. Then, we study the uniform persistence of the full system and identify an interior periodic orbit by applying Poincaré map and bifurcation theory. Our analysis reveals that the introduction of the infection or predation may act as a biological control to save the population from extinction and the interaction between these two factors yields a diverse array of biologically relevant behaviors. Finally, some numerical simulations are performed to support and supplement our analytical findings.
Nonsmooth Behavior of Sliding Bifurcations in a General Piecewise Smooth Rotor/Stator Rubbing System
Authors: Wang Shunzeng , Hong Ling , Jiang Jun
Published: February 2021

Sliding bifurcations of different types are defined to characterize the topological features of trajectories around the switching manifolds of nonsmooth dynamical systems. In this paper, the stick-slip transitions, which are related to the dynamical scenarios of sliding bifurcations, of the self-excited dry friction backward whirls of a general rotor/stator rubbing system, are investigated. The four-degree-of-freedom piecewise smooth rotor/stator rubbing model is said to be general because it takes into account main factors in the rotor/stator rubbing systems, including both the dynamics of the rotor and the stator as well as the dry friction and the flexibility on the contact surfaces. The switching manifold that separates two discontinuous vector fields is defined as the curved hypersurface in a nine-dimensional extended state space where the relative velocity at the contact points equals zero. After deriving the formulae defining the sliding regions and their boundaries for the piecewise smooth system, two extreme cases with rigid and soft contact surfaces are theoretically analyzed and confirmed to correspond respectively to a continuous pure rolling with full sliding region and a continuous crossing without sliding region on the switching manifold. Furthermore, three types of sliding bifurcations, namely, crossing-sliding, grazing-sliding and switching-sliding, are observed in the dry friction backward whirls of the present model in a semi-analytical way. Moreover, hybrids of the three kinds of the sliding solutions in one period of oscillation are also identified with the variation of system parameters and initial conditions. The main scenarios of the switching transition of sliding bifurcations in the self-excited dry friction backward whirl of the general rotor/stator rubbing system with the variation of system parameters are also summarized.
CONSTRUCTION OF A HYDROPHOBIC COMPOSITE COATING WITH WATERBORNE ACRYLIC RESIN AND FLOWER-SHAPED ZnO
Authors: SUN CAIXIA , DAI JINGJIE , ZHANG HONGXIA , LI SHOUYING , HU RUISONG
Published: February 2021

The fabrication of hydrophobic coatings whose water contact angle is over 90∘ has high potential to induce waterproof, anti-fouling, and self-cleaning properties. In this research, a composite hydrophobic coating was constructed with flower-shaped ZnO, waterborne acrylic resin that is harmless to the environment and stearic acid. The hydrophobicity of the coating is tested by means of water contact angle method (WCA). The WCA of the composite coating can be extended up to 128∘. The composite hydrophobic coating displayed good performances of anti-corrosion and self-cleaning. In addition, the composite hydrophobic coatings also showed good photo-catalytic degradation property under visible light irradiation, which was shown by means of the methylene blue test. The composite coating soaked in 3.5[Formula: see text]wt.% NaCl solution had excellent durability. It is proved that such produced hydrophobic coatings can be widely applied to the field of anti-corrosion and self-cleaning.
Crossed modules for Hom–Lie antialgebras
Authors: Zhang Tao , Zhang Heyu
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we introduced the concept of crossed modules for Hom–Lie antialgebras. It is proved that the category of crossed modules for Hom–Lie antialgebras and the category of [Formula: see text]-Hom–Lie antialgebras are equivalent to each other. The relationship between the crossed modules extension of Hom–Lie antialgebras and the third cohomology group is investigated.
Symmetries, conservation laws and dust acoustic solitons of two-temperature ion in inhomogeneous plasma
Authors: Hussain Amjad , Jhangeer Adil , Abbas Naseem
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we investigate dust acoustic solitary waves in dusty inhomogeneous plasma with a weak density gradient. For this, Lie analysis is utilized and solitary waves are obtained with the aid of the newly extended direct algebraic method. The solutions so obtained carry a variety of some new families including dark-bright, dark, dark-singular, and singular solutions of types [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The sufficient conditions for the existence of these structures are given. Meantime, the effect of parameters like dust charge, cold ion density, and number density on the soliton structures are investigated in detail, which shows that dust charge affects the amplitude but density does not put any impact on soliton’s profile. A graphical approach is practiced to discuss the physical impact of the problem. Finally, by using a multiplier approach, conserved quantities are reported.
Enlarging potential window and enhancing stability of poly(ethylene oxide)-based composite solid electrolyte via succinonitrile additive for advanced solid lithium batteries
Authors: Yan Tingfang , Zhu Lei , Wu Yongmin , Gao Jingxiong , Tian Wensheng , Tang Weiping
Published: February 2021

Solid polymer electrolytes such as poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) are desirable in lithium batteries due to their high safety and excellent flexibility. However, low ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability of PEO hamper their applications. In this work, succinonitrile (SN) is added to the composite solid electrolyte (CSE) composed of PEO matrix and [Formula: see text]La3[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text] filler to improve its ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability, thereby matching with ternary cathode materials. The results reveal that the ionic conductivity of CSE at 55∘C can be increased by more than one order of magnitude with the addition of SN. And the CSE membrane containing 6 wt.% SN (CSE-6) exhibits the best electrochemical stability, which has improved the electrochemical window from 4.83 to 5.26 V. Compared with blank sample without the additive, the specific capacity of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]O2/CSE-6/Li is increased from 15.6 to 154 mAh ⋅ g[Formula: see text], and exhibits relatively optimal cyclic stability in a range of solid-state batteries with different SN contents. It is expected that the results of this study will provide a reference for the application of PEO-based CSEs in high-voltage solid lithium batteries.
Symmetry type graphs on 4-orbit maps
Authors: Arredondo John A. , Maluendas Camilo Ramírez , Santos Guerrero Luz Edith
Published: February 2021

It is well known that there exist 22 symmetry type graphs associated to [Formula: see text]-orbit maps. For this one, we give the feasible values taken by the degree of the vertices and the number appropriate of edges in the boundary of each face of the map, by introducing the concepts of vertex type graph, face type graph and characteristic system.
Fully 3D-Printed Hydrogel Actuator for Jellyfish Soft Robots
Authors: Takishima Yuki , Yoshida Kazunari , Khosla Ajit , Kawakami Masaru , Furukawa Hidemitsu
Published: February 2021

Recently, interest to develop soft robots that mimic flora and fauna in the natural environment has been growing in order to meet the demand for shortage in labor, working in hazardous environments, disaster management, health care and oceanography. Actuators that are made from soft materials, such as elastomers and hydrogels, are integral components of soft robots. Although, 3D printing is a versatile technique to fabricate prototypes, it is a well-known fact that 3D printing for soft materials is challenging. In this work, we present the fabrication and characterization of 3D-printed hydrogel soft actuator that mimics a jellyfish. The developed actuators consist of three parts; (1) Connector: which is the joint part between the main body of actuator and the inlet tube for air pressure, (2) Box: which is balloon-like inflation part and; (3) Base: which is connected to the Box. The results indicate that the normalized contraction ratio of the 3D-printed actuator is close value to that of moon jellyfish and is applicable to a jellyfish-mimic robot. Furthermore, it is observed that, the relationship between applied air pressure and injected volume is linear without balloon defects.
Composition Dependent Electrical Properties of (Ba1−xCaxZr0.1Ti0.9)O3 Ceramics, Near Morphotropic Phase Boundary (0.140 ≤ x ≤ 0.160)
Authors: Biswas Don , Sharma Prolay , Panwar N. S.
Published: February 2021

In this work, pellet samples of (Ba1−xCaxZr0.1Ti0.9)O3, (0.140 ≤ x ≤ 0.160) were prepared using solid-state reaction route with double sintering. The dielectric and structural properties of the prepared samples were measured, from room temperature to 250 °C, at different frequencies, in the range 10–1000 KHz. A peak shifting anomaly in the X-ray diffraction peaks patterns, an anomalous change in the slope of c/a vs x plot, and the observed minimum values of dielectric constant, loss and conductivity of the prepared compositions show a strong compositional dependent dielectric and structural properties, indicating a morphotropic phase transition type behavior, at the composition with x = 0.150.
Gαi-biased apelin analog protects against isoproterenol-induced myocardial dysfunction in rats
Authors: Coquerel David , Delile Eugénie , Dumont Lauralyne , Chagnon Frédéric , Murza Alexandre , Sainsily Xavier , Salvail Dany , Sarret Philippe , Marsault Eric , Auger-Messier Mannix , Lesur Olivier
Published: February 2021

By using more potent Gαi-biased APJ agonists that strongly inhibit cAMP production, these data point to the negative inotropic effect of APJ-mediated Gαi signaling in the heart and highlight the potential protective impact of APJ-dependent Gαi signaling in cardiovascular diseases associated with left ventricular hypertrophy.
Immunoinformatics and Molecular Docking Studies Predicted Potential Multiepitope‐Based Peptide Vaccine and Novel Compounds against Novel SARS‐CoV‐2 through Virtual Screening
Authors: Waqas Muhammad , Haider Ali , Rehman Abdur , Qasim Muhammad , Umar Ahitsham , Sufyan Muhammad , Akram Hafiza Nisha , Mir Asif , Razzaq Roha , Rasool Danish , Tahir Rana Adnan , Sehgal Sheikh Arslan
Published: February 2021

Background. Coronaviruses (CoVs) are enveloped positive‐strand RNA viruses which have club‐like spikes at the surface with a unique replication process. Coronaviruses are categorized as major pathogenic viruses causing a variety of diseases in birds and mammals including humans (lethal respiratory dysfunctions). Nowadays, a new strain of coronaviruses is identified and named as SARS‐CoV‐2. Multiple cases of SARS‐CoV‐2 attacks are being reported all over the world. SARS‐CoV‐2 showed high death rate; however, no specific treatment is available against SARS‐CoV‐2. Methods. In the current study, immunoinformatics approaches were employed to predict the antigenic epitopes against SARS‐CoV‐2 for the development of the coronavirus vaccine. Cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte and B‐cell epitopes were predicted for SARS‐CoV‐2 coronavirus protein. Multiple sequence alignment of three genomes (SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV, and SARS‐CoV‐2) was used to conserved binding domain analysis. Results. The docking complexes of 4 CTL epitopes with antigenic sites were analyzed followed by binding affinity and binding interaction analyses of top‐ranked predicted peptides with MHC‐I HLA molecule. The molecular docking (Food and Drug Regulatory Authority library) was performed, and four compounds exhibiting least binding energy were identified. The designed epitopes lead to the molecular docking against MHC‐I, and interactional analyses of the selected docked complexes were investigated. In conclusion, four CTL epitopes (GTDLEGNFY, TVNVLAWLY, GSVGFNIDY, and QTFSVLACY) and four FDA‐scrutinized compounds exhibited potential targets as peptide vaccines and potential biomolecules against deadly SARS‐CoV‐2, respectively. A multiepitope vaccine was also designed from different epitopes of coronavirus proteins joined by linkers and led by an adjuvant. Conclusion. Our investigations predicted epitopes and the reported molecules that may have the potential to inhibit the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus. These findings can be a step towards the development of a peptide‐based vaccine or natural compound drug target against SARS‐CoV‐2.
Suxamethonium-Induced Hyperkalemia: A Short Review of Causes and Recommendations for Clinical Applications
Authors: Hovgaard Henrik Lynge , Juhl-Olsen Peter
Published: February 2021

After the introduction of suxamethonium in 1953, cases of cardiac arrest during induction of anesthesia were recorded. In the following years, hyperkalemia was identified as the cause, and the connection to acetylcholine receptor modulation as the underlying molecular mechanism was made. Activation of the acetylcholine receptor with suxamethonium, acetylcholine, or choline causes an efflux of potassium to the extracellular space. However, certain pathological conditions cause acetylcholine receptor proliferation and the emergence of immature receptors capable of a larger potassium efflux to the bloodstream. These pathologic conditions include upper and lower neuron injuries, major burns, trauma, immobility, muscle tumors, muscular dystrophy, and prolonged critical illness. The latter is more important and relevant than ever due to the increasing number of COVID-19 patients requiring prolonged respiratory support and consequent immobilization. Suxamethonium can be used safely in the vast majority of patients. Still, reports of lethal hyperkalemic responses to suxamethonium continue to emerge. This review serves as a reminder of the pathophysiology behind extensive potassium release. Proficiency in the use of suxamethonium includes identification of patients at risk, and selection of an alternative neuromuscular blocking agent is imperative.
Grafting with Bone Substitute Materials in Therapy-Resistant Periapical Actinomycosis
Authors: Asgary Saeed , Roghanizadeh Leyla
Published: February 2021

Actinomycosis can be one of the causes of persistent periradicular lesions. This is the report of a patient who was first referred with complaint of pain in maxillary right incisors. A standard root canal therapy was carried out. Unluckily, the patient returned with recurrent symptoms; therefore, surgical endodontic retreatment was decided. While the large periradicular lesion was curetted, a whitish yellow granule-like material came out from the periapical area that was submitted for histopathological examination. The apices of both maxillary right incisors were resected. Root-end cavities were sealed with calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement. Finally, the remaining large defect was filled with natural bone substitutes. Since the histopathological diagnosis revealed actinomycotic infection, oral penicillin V was prescribed for four weeks. At two-year recall, the bone healing process was completed. Apical actinomycosis can cause therapy-resistant lesions. Root-end surgery employing CEM and bone substitutes might be an effective method to help bone healing in large periradicular lesions.
Research on the Deformation Mechanism of Mining Roadway Stratiform Surrounding Rock with Nonuniform Stress Field
Authors: Sun Yongxin
Published: February 2021

Aiming at the failure problems of mining roadway stratiform surrounding rock influenced by asymmetrical high stress, firstly, the rock instability conditions of different structural plane angles were summarized based on the mechanical model of rock joints and instability criterion. Secondly, stresses, plastic zone, and displacement of surrounding rock with different structural plane angles were calculated and analyzed with the theoretical calculation method or numerical simulation method, respectively. The distribution characteristics of plastic zone of surrounding rock under different influence factors are further studied, and the results show that the lateral pressure coefficient can change the size and shape of plastic zone at the same time. The damage mechanism was analyzed through the above study. Research studies show that the shear and tension failure area of plastic zone were directly determined by the maximum shear stress and the minimum principal stress. The effect of structure planes on stress has two sides, one to destroy the continuity and the other to strengthen discreteness and laddering nature. When the angle between maximum shear stress and structure plane increases, the extended mode and distribution pattern of plastic zone change substantially as well. The #15 haulage roadway is taken as engineering background, and the above research’s results are verified by the comprehensive analysis. The research results can enrich the butterfly plastic zone theory and provide the basis for roadway supporting design.
Evolution Mechanism of Water-Conducting Channel of Collapse Column in Karst Mining Area of Southwest China
Authors: Cao Zhengzheng , Ren Yulou , Wang Qinting , Yao Banghua , Zhang Xinchao
Published: February 2021

There are many karst collapse columns in coal seam roof in the southern coal field in China, which are different from those in coal seam floor in the northern coal field, due to the stratum characteristics. The karst collapse column in coal seam roof tends to reactivate and conduct water and induce the serious water inrush disaster, when the karst collapse column communicates with the overlying aquifer. In order to reveal the evolution mechanism of water-conducting channel of collapse column in karst mining area of southwest China, the aquifers and water inflow rule in 1908 working face in Qianjin coal mine are analyzed. Besides, the particle size distribution and mineral component of collapse column are researched by the X-ray diffraction test and the screening method, which are the basis for researching the water inrush mechanism in karst collapse column. On this basis, the water inrush of roof collapse column under the influence of mining is researched by establishing the numerical calculation model with the UDEC numerical software. The results show that the water flowing into the 1908 working face comes from the Changxing formation aquifer and Yulongshan formation aquifer above the coal seam, and the proportion of coarse particles and fine particles in collapse column is 89.86% and 10.14%, respectively. With the advance of working face, the water-conducting channel connected the working face with the aquifer, or the surface is formed by collapse pits, karst caves, and collapse column. The research results can be treated as an important basis for the water-preserved mining in southern coal field in China.
Influence of Cavity Width on Attenuation Characteristic of Gas Explosion Wave
Authors: Xu Dengke , Mu Chaomin , Li Zhongqing , Zhang Wenqing
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to investigate the influence of cavity width on the attenuation characteristic of gas explosion wave. Attenuation mechanism of gas explosion wave through cavity was obtained by numerical simulation. The gas explosion shock wave energy can be greatly attenuated through the cavity structure in five stages, namely, plane wave, expansion, oblique reflection, Mach reflection, and reflection stack, to ensure that it is eliminated. Cavities with various width sizes, namely, 500 ∗300 ∗200, 500 ∗500 ∗200, and 500 ∗800 ∗200 (length ∗width ∗height, unit: mm), were experimented to further investigate the attenuation characteristics through a self‐established large‐size pipe gas explosion experimental system with 200 mm diameter and 36 m length. Results showed an evident attenuation effect on flame duration light intensity (FDLI) and peak overpressure with increasing cavity width. Compared with 300 mm, the overall FDLI decreased by 83.0%, and the peak overpressure decreased by 71.2% when the cavity width was 800 mm. The fitting curves of the FDLI and peak overpressure attenuation factors to width‐diameter demonstrated that the critical width‐diameter was 2.19 when the FDLI attenuation factor was 1. The FDLI attenuation factor sharply decreased at the width‐diameter ratio range from 1.5 to 2.5 and basically remained steady at 0.17 at the width‐diameter ratio range from 2.7 to 4.0. The peak overpressure attenuation factor gradually decreased with the increase of width‐diameter ratio and changed from 0.93 to 0.28 with width‐diameter ratio from 1.5 to 4.0. The research results can serve as a good reference for the design of gas explosion wave‐absorbing structures.