bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrating Modern Technology with Islamic Jurisprudence: The Role of Elsimil in Enhancing Family Resilience through Sadd Dzariah Perspective
Authors: Ahmad Wildanil Musthafa , Syafi Imam , Hariati Nina Agus
Published: November 2024

This research focuses on implementing Elsimil to increase family resilience and prevent stunting in children. This research uses library research methods. Primary data includes works such as "Ushul Fiqh" by Amir Syarifuddin, while secondary data includes books, articles, and other relevant literature. The findings of this study show that Elsimil contributes to family resilience by preventing stunting in children. This is achieved by early pregnancy planning and addressing early health problems. From the perspective of sadd dzariah, Elsimil is classified as neutral sadd dzariah by Ibn Qayyim, which involves using precautionary measures to avoid potential harm. Specifically, Elsimil serves as a means to prevent marital discord by offering early health intervention for expectant parents. Implementing Elsimil as a tool for family resilience, from Sadd Dzariah's perspective, is the right step. By planning pregnancies early and providing solutions for prospective brides and grooms, Elsimil helps prevent the birth of children with disabilities, thereby fostering household harmony. The implications of this research highlight the importance of integrating modern technological tools with traditional Islamic principles to increase family resilience and ensure the well-being of future generations.
Early Marriage Trends in The Perspective of Islamic Family Law: Between Regulation and Social Reality
Authors: Saini Saini , Ulum Bachrul
Published: November 2024

This research is motivated by the high rate of early marriage in the Jember Regency, even though there are regulations that set a minimum age limit for marriage. This phenomenon is a serious concern considering the negative impacts it causes, both in terms of health, education, and social welfare. This study aims to explore the social and cultural factors that influence the practice of early marriage and evaluate the effectiveness of implementing regulations on the age limit for marriage in the region. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method, where data is collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and analysis of related documents. The study results show that although regulations have been implemented, their implementation is still hampered by the strong local culture that supports early marriage and low public awareness of the risks and implications of early marriage. In addition, socialization and supervision efforts from the government still need to be improved to be more effective. The discussion of this study highlights the need for a more holistic approach in dealing with early marriage by involving various parties, including religious and community leaders, to support more significant changes in community behavior towards early marriage.
Understanding instructors’ tablet adoption for note-taking in interpreting: insights from the GETAMEL model
Authors: Tian Yuan , Wang Yuying
Published: November 2024

With the rise in popularity of tablets, professional interpreters were among the early adopters who integrated them into their workflow. Tablets have also become an indispensable tool for students, including those studying interpreting, who utilize them in the classroom for various purposes, such as note-taking. However, despite this growing trend, the traditional practice of pen-and-paper note-taking remains prevalent. Additionally, current interpreting textbooks primarily focus on teaching pen-and-paper note-taking skills. As interpreting instructors, it is crucial for us to familiarize ourselves with the use of tablets for note-taking in consecutive interpreting (CI). This will enable us to adapt our teaching methods accordingly and cater to the needs of the “iPad Kids” generation. The purpose of this study is to use quantitative method to examine the factors that contribute to the adoption of tablets for note-taking by instructors in the classroom environment. A questionnaire was developed based on the General Extended Technology Acceptance Model for E-learning (GETAMEL) framework. The questionnaire was distributed to teachers at prominent foreign language universities, foreign language faculties in select comprehensive universities and translation training institutions across Chinese Mainland and Macao Special Administrative Region of China. To provide comprehensive insights into the variables under study, descriptive statistics were generated using both SPSS 25.0 and Excel. These tools facilitated the production of detailed data summaries, offering valuable insights into the research variables. The obtained results provide insights into various aspects, including instructors’ knowledge levels and usage of tablet interpreting in university classrooms, their attitudes toward integrating tablet interpreting into teaching, and the key factors that influence their decisions to adopt tablet interpreting in their classroom practices. The findings suggest the existence of additional external factors that could be incorporated into the existing model. The paper concludes with recommendations on how to promote the integration of technology into teaching practices for interpreting instructors.
Preparing educators for the digital age: teacher perceptions of active teaching methods and digital integration
Authors: Abildinova Gulmira , Abdykerimova Elmira , Assainova Almagul , Mukhtarkyzy Kaussar , Abykenova Dariya
Published: November 2024

Introduction

This study investigates higher education teachers’ perceptions of active teaching methods—Case-Based Learning (CBL), Problem-Based Learning (PBL), and Team-Based Learning (TBL)—and their integration with digital technologies. These pedagogical strategies are crucial for fostering critical thinking, collaboration, and problem-solving skills among students, especially in the digital age. Despite their benefits, challenges such as resource limitations, time constraints, and insufficient training hinder their implementation.

Methods

A mixed-methods approach was adopted, involving 104 educators from various higher education institutions in Kazakhstan. Participants underwent an eight-week training program consisting of 72 h of workshops, collaborative activities, and self-paced learning. Pre- and post-training assessments measured knowledge, confidence, and practical application of active teaching methods. Surveys, feedback sessions, and peer evaluations provided qualitative and quantitative insights into participants’ experiences and challenges.

Results

The training program significantly improved participants’ knowledge, confidence, and ability to implement CBL, PBL, and TBL. Post-training assessments showed a 4.2-point increase in confidence and practical application scores. Most educators (66.35%) reported moderate adaptability of these methods to their current educational programs, while 27.88% achieved high adaptability. Participants identified resource limitations (43.27%) and time constraints (33.65%) as key challenges. Problem-Based Learning (PBL) was preferred for fostering critical thinking and problem-solving, with a majority (51.92%) favoring it over other methods. Digital technologies, such as Moodle and augmented reality tools, enhanced teaching effectiveness and student engagement.

Discussion

The findings highlight the transformative potential of active teaching methods and digital integration in higher education. Educators across various academic positions and institutions perceived these methods as highly effective, aligning with the Diffusion of Innovations Theory. Challenges such as insufficient resources and curriculum misalignment were significant barriers to broader adoption. Continuous professional development, institutional support, and strategic resource allocation are crucial for optimizing these methods’ impact.
Enhancing organizational commitment through shared leadership: insights from Saudi higher education
Authors: Alghamdi Atiyah A.
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the impact of shared leadership (SL) on the various dimensions of organizational commitment (OC) within Saudi higher education institutions (HEIs). Employing a descriptive cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from faculty members at a prominent Saudi university using structured questionnaires. The questionnaires included validated scales for SL, encompassing dimensions such as Development and Mentoring, Problem-Solving, Support and Consideration, and Planning and Organizing, as well as for OC, which measured affective, normative, and continuance commitment. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analyses were used to assess the relationships between SL and OC components. The findings indicate that shared leadership is widely practiced, with Development and Mentoring emerging as the most prominent SL dimension. A significant positive relationship was identified between SL and all three OC components, with affective commitment demonstrating the strongest correlation. Additionally, SL was found to significantly predict overall OC, underscoring its role in enhancing faculty commitment. These results highlight the potential of adopting shared leadership practices in HEIs to strengthen faculty engagement and institutional performance. Future research should expand data collection across multiple institutions and examine the combined influence of SL and OC on the quality of education and institutional success.
ResNest-SVM-based method for identifying single-phase ground faults in active distribution networks
Authors: Lian Qingwen , Luo Xiang , Lin Dong , Lin Caihua , Chen Bingxi , Guo Ziyi
Published: November 2024

Single-phase grounding fault is the most common fault type in the distribution network. An accurate and effective single-phase grounding fault identification method is a prerequisite for maintaining the safe and stable operation of the power grid. Most neutral points of the active distribution network are grounded through arc suppression coils. In the active distribution network, the power supply in the network changes from one to multiple, which may change the direction of the fault current. In this paper, the superposition theorem is used to analyze the difference in the boosting effect of different types of distributed generators (DG) on line mode current in the sequence network diagram when DG is connected upstream or downstream of the fault point. Secondly, the composition of the zero-mode transient current of the fault line is analyzed. A judgment method based on the superposition diagram of transient zero-sequence voltage and current is proposed. Then, this paper improves the ResNest network and modifies the classifier of the last fully connected layer to SVM. Finally, the model in PSCAD is used to simulate single-phase grounding faults to obtain the training set and validation set. These datasets are used to train and test AlexNet, ResNet50, ResNeSt, and ResNeSt-SVM. The results show that under different fault points, transition resistances, DG access upstream and downstream of the fault point, and different fault initial phase angles, the ResNest-SVM model method can accurately identify the fault line and has better anti-noise ability than the other three network structures.
A critical analysis of the factors influencing peaceful coexistence between Rohingya refugees and host communities in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Abdul Kadir
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Bangladesh currently hosts over a million Rohingya refugees in 33 fetid, dire, and confined camps, with the majority arriving after the 2017 military crackdown in Myanmar’s Rakhine state. Although Rohingya refugees have been arriving in Bangladesh since the 1970s, the mass influx following the 2017 military hostilities in Myanmar’s Rakhine State marked a significant crisis escalation. Initially, the local host communities displayed positive, sympathetic attitudes toward the refugees. However, recent evidence suggests a significant decline in social cohesion and peaceful coexistence, with host communities expressing diminished sympathy and growing concerns over the refugees’ prolonged presence in Cox’s Bazar.

Objectives

This paper investigates the factors influencing the peaceful coexistence between Rohingya refugees and host communities, drawing on the perspectives of development and humanitarian service providers in the Ukhiya and Teknaf sub-districts of Cox’s Bazar.

Methods

The study utilized a mix of theoretical literature and empirical data to identify five determining factors: economic, social, political, cultural, and environmental. Data collection included 18 in-depth key informant interviews, supplemented by analyses of secondary sources drawn from both gray and academic literature.

Findings

The findings indicate that perceived outgroup threats are increasingly undermining peaceful coexistence, despite the absence of direct conflicts between the host and refugees. While political and cultural factors have remained relatively stable, social, economic, and environmental factors continue to erode the current status of peace.

Discussion

The study highlights spatial and psychological proximity as critical overarching factors in fostering peaceful coexistence. It concludes that closer proximity heightens integrated threats, whereas maintaining optimal distance enhances the likelihood of peaceful coexistence. Therefore, the Rohingya response plan should incorporate conflict-sensitive strategies to tackle the adversity of threat factors while maintaining social cohesion as promoting peaceful coexistence between hosts and refugees.
Hypoimmunogenic CD19 CAR-NK cells derived from embryonic stem cells suppress the progression of human B-cell malignancies in xenograft animals
Authors: Zhang Qi , Xia Chengxiang , Weng Qitong , Zhang Leqiang , Wang Yao , Liu Yanhong , Zheng Xiujuan , Lin Yunqing , Chen Yi , Shen Yiyuan , Qi Hanmeng , Liu Lijuan , Zhu Yanping , Zhang Min , Huang Dehao , Hu Fangxiao , Zhang Mengyun , Zeng Hui , Wang Jinyong , Wang Tongjie
Published: November 2024

Background

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) engineered natural killer (NK) cells exhibit advantages such as MHC-independent recognition and strong anti-tumor functions. However, allogeneic CAR-NK cells derived from human tissues are heterogeneous and susceptible to clearance by hosts.

Methods

We generated a B2M knockout, HLA-E and CD19 CAR ectopic expressing embryonic stem cell (ESC) line, which differentiated normally and gave rise to homogeneous CD19 CAR-NK (CD19 CAR-UiNK) cells using an organoid aggregate induction method. The CD19 CAR-UiNK were co-cultured with T cells or NK cells derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with the mismatched HLA to evaluate the immunogenicity of CD19 CAR-UiNK cells. We further assessed the therapeutic effects of CD19 CAR-UiNK cells on CD19+ tumor cells through in vitro cytotoxicity assays and in vivo animal models.

Results

The CD19 CAR-UiNK cells exhibited typical expression patterns of activating and inhibitory receptors, and crucial effector molecules of NK cells, similar to those of unmodified NK cells. In co-culture assays, the CD19 CAR-UiNK cells evaded allogeneic T cell response and suppressed allogeneic NK cell response. Functionally, the CD19 CAR-UiNK cells robustly secreted IFN-γ and TNF-α, and upregulated CD107a upon stimulation with Nalm-6 tumor cells. The CD19 CAR-UiNK cells effectively eliminated CD19+ tumor cells in vitro, including B-cell cancer cell lines and primary tumor cells from human B-cell leukemia and lymphoma. Further, the CD19 CAR-UiNK cells exhibited strong anti-tumor activity in xenograft animals.

Conclusion

We offer a strategy for deriving homogeneous and hypoimmunogenic CD19 CAR-iNK cells with robust anti-tumor effects from ESCs. Our study has significant implications for developing hypoimmunogenic CD19 CAR-NK cell therapy using human ESC as an unlimited cell source.
Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation for upper limb motor recovery after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Yin Lianjun , Wang Yikun , Zhang Haining , Zhang Shiying , Wu Jiantong , Fan Shun , Li Zhengfei , Li Huanan , Wang Jingui
Published: November 2024

Background

Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) is an innovative, non-invasive therapy that stimulates the contraction of paralyzed muscles in the upper limbs, promoting functional recovery. Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of TEAS in restoring upper limb function. This study aims to evaluate the impact of TEAS on upper limb motor recovery after stroke.

Objectives

This study aims to evaluate the influence of TEAS on upper limb motor recovery after stroke and improve the quality of life in such patients.

Methods

Eight databases were systematically searched from inception to 1st October 2024. Two independent reviewers conducted the screening and data extraction of the study. The primary outcome measure was the Fugl Meyer Assessment of the Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), which evaluates upper extremity motor function in stroke patients. Secondary outcomes included the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) for assessing spasticity and the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) to evaluate patients’ abilities to perform activities of daily living. Data synthesis was conducted using RevMan 5.4 and Stata 14.0. The GRADE method was employed to assess the quality of evidence.

Results

A total of 16 trials involving 1,218 stroke patients were included in this meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed that the TEAS significantly improved upper limb function (SMD = 1.70, 95CI% = 1.09 to 2.31, p < 0.00001, I2 = 93%; low certainty of evidence), reduced spasticity (SMD = −1.18, 95CI% = −1.79 to −0.58, p < 0.00001, I2 = 90%; very low certainty of evidence), and enhanced the ability to perform daily activities (SMD = 1.53, 95CI% = 0.85 to 2.20, p < 0.00001, I2 = 95%; low certainty of evidence).

Conclusion

Our results indicated that TEAS improved motor function and functional activities and reduced muscle tone in the upper limbs after stroke. However, these results should be interpreted with caution due to the limited strength of the evidence. High-quality, larger sample, multi-center studies are needed to validate these preliminary findings.

Systematic review registration

This study was registered on PROSPERO with registration number CRD42024592509. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024592509
A study of the correlation between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment in older individuals over 60 years: cross-sectional and longitudinal validation
Authors: Dong Xiaohan , Yu Yichao , Li Jiahao , Chai Xinyu , Shan Wei , Yan Huiping , Lu Yifan
Published: November 2024

Objective

To validate the correlation between sarcopenia and cognition, and explore cognitive subdomains affected by sarcopenia.

Methods

A case–control study was designed to recruit 90 individuals aged 60 and above from June to October 2023 in the same community, all individuals meeting the inclusion criteria were categorized according to the 2019 Asian criteria for sarcopenia and divided into the sarcopenia group and non-sarcopenia group at baseline. After a 12-week follow-up recording, individuals were classified into the aggravation group and alleviation group based on the change of sarcopenia severity. Sarcopenia tests including muscle mass, calf circumference, grip strength and physical function assessment, using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) of nine dimensions for cognitive assessment.

Results

(1) There was a significant positive correlation between cognitive function and grip strength in males (r = 0.42, p < 0.05). (2) There was a moderate correlation between sarcopenia grading and MoCA score (r = −0.4, p < 0.001). (3) Individuals with sarcopenia had significantly lower MoCA total scores and sub-scores in executive function, fluency, calculation and delayed recall compared to non-sarcopenia group (p < 0.05). (4) After 12 weeks, the mean value of the change in fluency in the alleviation group increased by 0.33 points, while the aggravation group decreased by 0.2 points (W = 128, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

There is a correlation between sarcopenia and cognitive function, individuals with sarcopenia performing poorly in overall cognition as well as refined dimensions. The degree of cognition like fluency degenerates over time with increasing severity of sarcopenia.
Characterizing headache patients admitted from the emergency department: a retrospective study
Authors: AlGhamdi Faisal , Alzahrani Abdulelah A. , Alwatyan Khaleel I. , Hariri Reem A. , Alhowaish Abdullah A. , Almobarak Rahaf F. , Almulhim Mohammed , Alkhadra Faisal B.
Published: November 2024

Background

Headaches are a common complaint in emergency department (ED) presentations, but the demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of patients admitted with headaches remain understudied. This retrospective study aims to investigate patients admitted with a chief complaint of headache.

Methods

The study examined the triage database of our ED from 01/01/2020 to 31/12/2022 to identify patients admitted to either the wards or intensive care unit (ICU) with headache as their primary complaint.

Results

Out of 347 identified patients, 100 met the inclusion criteria. The gender distribution was equal. The majority of cases (36%) were between 31 and 45 years old. Headache and dizziness were the most common complaints (54%), followed by chest pain (18%) and abdominal pain (10%). Neurological system involvement was observed in 60% of cases. Computed Tomography (CT) scans were performed in 87% of cases, while Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans were done in 45% of cases. Comorbidities such as central nervous system (CNS) diseases (40%) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (36%) were prevalent. The average length of stay in the ED before admission was 35.3 h.

Conclusion

This study provides insights into the demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of patients admitted with headaches in the ED. The equal gender distribution and age distribution align with findings from other studies. The high utilization rate of CT scans suggests diagnostic uncertainty among emergency physicians. These findings contribute to the understanding of headache presentations in the ED and serve as a foundation for future research.
Inferring neurocognition using artificial intelligence on brain MRIs
Authors: Hussain Mohammad Arafat , Grant Patricia Ellen , Ou Yangming
Published: November 2024

Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers a unique lens to study neuroanatomic support of human neurocognition. A core mystery is the MRI explanation of individual differences in neurocognition and its manifestation in intelligence. The past four decades have seen great advancement in studying this century-long mystery, but the sample size and population-level studies limit the explanation at the individual level. The recent rise of big data and artificial intelligence offers novel opportunities. Yet, data sources, harmonization, study design, and interpretation must be carefully considered. This review aims to summarize past work, discuss rising opportunities and challenges, and facilitate further investigations on artificial intelligence inferring human neurocognition.
EGFR and MUC1 as dual-TAA drug targets for lung cancer and colorectal cancer
Authors: Cui Huilin , Yu Qianqian , Xu Qumiao , Lin Chen , Zhang Long , Ye Wei , Yang Yifei , Tian Sijia , Zhou Yilu , Sun Runzhe , Meng Yongsheng , Yao Ningning , Wang Haizhen , Cao Feilin , Liu Meilin , Ma Jinfeng , Liao Cheng , Sun Ruifang
Published: November 2024

Background

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a key protein in cellular signaling that is overexpressed in many human cancers, making it a compelling therapeutic target. On-target severe skin toxicity has limited its clinical application. Dual-targeting therapy represents a novel approach to overcome the challenges of EGFR-targeted therapies.

Methods

A single-cell tumor-normal RNA transcriptomic meta-atlas of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and normal lung tissues was constructed from published data. Tumor associated antigens (TAAs) were screened from the genes which were expressed on cell surface and could distinguish cancer cells from normal cells. Expression of MUC1 and EGFR in tumors and normal tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC), bulk transcriptomic and single-cell transcriptomic analyses. RNA cut-off values were calculated using paired analysis of RNA sequencing and IHC in patient-derived tumor xenograft samples. They were used to estimate the abundance of EGFR- and MUC-positive subjects in The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) database. Survival analysis of EGFR and MUC1 expression was carried out using the transcription and clinical data from TCGA.

Results

A candidate TAA target, transmembrane glycoprotein mucin 1 (MUC1), showed strong expression in cancer cells and low expression in normal cells. Single-cell analysis suggested EGFR and MUC1 together had better tumor specificity than the combination of EGFR with other drug targets. IHC data confirmed that EGFR and MUC1 were highly expressed on LUAD and colorectal cancer (CRC) clinical samples but not on various normal tissues. Notably, co-expression of EGFR and MUC1 was observed in 98.4% (n=64) of patients with LUAD and in 91.6% (n=83) of patients with CRC. It was estimated that EGFR and MUC1 were expressed in 97.5% of LUAD samples in the TCGA dataset. Besides, high expression of EGFR and MUC1 was significantly associated with poor prognosis of LUAD and CRC patients.

Conclusions

Single-cell RNA, bulk RNA and IHC data demonstrated the high expression levels and co-expression patterns of EGFR and MUC1 in tumors but not normal tissues. Therefore, it is a promising TAA combination for therapeutic targeting which could enhance on-tumor efficacy while reducing off-tumor toxicity.
Clinical response to dabrafenib plus trametinib in BRAF V600E mutated papillary craniopharyngiomas: a case report and literature review
Authors: Hanona Paul , Ezekwudo Daniel , Anderson Joseph
Published: November 2024

Papillary craniopharyngiomas are rare tumors prevalent to the precision oncology world due to their high rate of BRAF V600E mutations. Symptoms include vision loss, neuroendocrine dysfunction, and cognitive dysfunction. Treatment involves an interdisciplinary approach with surgery, radiation, and systemic treatment. Recent attention has been directed toward targeted therapy in this space, especially with targets to the BRAF V600E mutated pathway. Focusing on this pathway could solidify future standards of care treatment. A 61-year-old male came in with bilateral homonymous hemianopsia. This prompted a brain MRI that showed a bilobed centrally cystic peripherally enhancing sellar and suprasellar mass with mass effect on the left greater than right optic chiasm and nerves. He underwent a primary resection of the suprasellar cystic tumor, and it was revealed that he had papillary craniopharyngioma. Three months later, he represented with visual defects, and repeat MRI showed cystic recurrence with compression of the optic chiasm. He underwent an endonasal resection of the middle fossa tumor; pathology, this time, showed a BRAF V600E mutated papillary craniopharyngioma. Nine months later, another recurrence happened, and the patient was started on BRAF and MEK inhibitors: dabrafenib (75 mg BID) and trametinib (2 mg daily). The patient has had clinical improvement of visual symptoms and is currently continuing this treatment. He was last seen in October of 2024, and he is clinically stable. The use of targeted therapies is an evolving space for BRAF V600E mutated papillary craniopharyngiomas. This is a case showing improvement of a craniopharyngioma after treatment with BRAF and MEK inhibitor combinations. The role of BRAF and MEK inhibitor combinations continues to evolve in this space.
Unveiling the role of TGF-β signaling pathway in breast cancer prognosis and immunotherapy
Authors: Zheng Yifan , Li Li , Cai Wenqian , Li Lin , Zhang Rongxin , Huang Wenbin , Cao Yulun
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The TGF-β signaling pathway (TSP) is pivotal in tumor progression. Nonetheless, the connection between genes associated with the TSP and the clinical outcomes of breast cancer, as well as their impact on the tumor microenvironment and immunotherapeutic responses, remains elusive.

Methods

Breast cancer transcriptomic and single-cell sequencing data were obtained from the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. We identified 54 genes associated with the TSP from the Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB) and analyzed both data types to evaluate TSP activity. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), we identified modules linked to TSP activity. To assess patient risk, we used 101 machine learning algorithms to develop an optimal TGF-β pathway-related prognostic signature (TSPRS). We then examined immune activity and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors and chemotherapy in these groups. Finally, we validated ZMAT3 expression levels clinically and confirmed its relevance in breast cancer using CCK-8 and migration assays.

Results

At the single-cell level, TSP activity was most notable in endothelial cells, with higher activity in normal tissues compared to tumors. TSPRS was developed. This signature's accuracy was confirmed through internal and external validations. A nomogram incorporating the TSPRS was created to improve prediction accuracy. Further studies showed that breast cancer patients categorized as low-risk by the TSPRS had higher immune phenotype scores and more immune cell infiltration, leading to better prognosis and enhanced immunotherapy response. Additionally, a strong link was found between the TSPRS risk score and the effectiveness of anti-tumor agents. Silencing the ZMAT3 gene in the TSPRS significantly reduced the proliferation and invasiveness of breast cancer cells.

Discussion

Our study developed a TSPRS, which emerges as a potent predictive instrument for the prognosis of breast cancer, offering novel perspectives on the immunotherapeutic approach to the disease.
Estrogenized HSA induced high-affinity autoantibodies in breast cancer - Novel biomarker for early detection
Authors: Sherwani Subuhi , Khan Mohd Wajid Ali , Khan Wahid Ali , Rajendrasozhan Saravanan , Al-Motair Khalid , Khan Hamda , Ahmad Saheem
Published: November 2024

Objective

Breast cancer (BC) is the second most prevalent cancer worldwide. Estrogen has been increasingly recognized as a major contributor to the development of BC, playing a more critical role than previously understood. Estrogen derived nucleic acid and protein adducts have been shown to play significant roles in BC development and progression. However, the alterations in molecular mechanism(s) and immune pathways arising as a result of estrogenization still remain elusive.

Patients and methods

4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OHE2) was used for adduct formation with protein human serum albumin (HSA) (4-OHE2-HSA). The affinity of antibodies for 4-OHE2-HSA was evaluated in breast cancer patients. Immunoassays (direct binding ELISA, inhibition ELISA, and quantitative precipitin titration assay) were used to assess autoantibodies against estrogenized HSA in BC patients (n = 85) and healthy controls (n = 45).

Results

Estrogenization of HSA altered both its structure and function and compromised its interactions with various HSA-binding proteins. BC patients demonstrated high-affinity antibodies against 4-OHE2-HSA as compared to HSA (p < 0.05). Additionally, cytokines Interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were significantly elevated in BC patients as compared to the control group. Several factors, such as chemotherapy, estrogen receptors (ERs), and combination of surgery and chemotherapy, influenced the production of antibodies in cancer patients. The affinity constant for estrogenized HSA was 1.31 × 10-7 M, while for HSA and 4-OHE2, it was 1.68 × 10-6 M and 1.36 × 10-6 M, respectively.

Conclusions

Estrogenized HSA is highly immunogenic, resulting in functional alterations. High affinity antibodies were detected in BC patients against 4-OHE2-HSA. Consequently, 4-OHE2-HSA may serve as a novel molecular target for potential cancer therapeutics. Furthermore, autoantibodies against 4-OHE2-HSA could serve as a potential biomarker for early detection of BC.
3D digital holographic polarimetry of laser speckle fields formed by polycrystalline blood films: a tool for differential diagnosis of thyroid pathology
Authors: Ushenko Olexander , Bilookyi Olexander , Zheng Jun , Dubolazov Alexander , Olar Olexander , Ushenko Yurii , Soltys Iryna , Mikirin Ivan , Skliarchuk Valeriy , Chen Zhebo
Published: November 2024

The principles and effectiveness of the method of laser polarization interferometry of dehydrated blood films (facies) for the differential diagnosis of thyroid pathology have been studied. For this purpose, a theoretical description of the processes of formation and layer-by-layer phase scanning of the polarization structure of speckle fields in the blood facies of donors and patients with nodular goiter, autoimmune thyroiditis, and papillary cancer has been developed for the first time. A statistical analysis of holographically reconstructed maps of polarization ellipticity of the singly scattered component of the speckle field was conducted. Based on this analysis, the most sensitive markers for the diagnosis and differentiation of thyroid pathology were identified. Excellent diagnostic accuracy (91%–93%) and very good differentiation accuracy (86%–89%) were achieved for nodular goiter, autoimmune thyroiditis, and papillary cancer.
Lived experience of being a grandparent in one region of Spain: a qualitative study
Authors: García-Sanjuán Sofia , Gutiérrez-García Ana Isabel , Cabañero-Martínez María José , Fernández-Alcántara Manuel , Rocamora-Rodriguez Maria del Carmen , Escribano Silvia
Published: November 2024

Background

The evolution of the family model in Europe in the 21st century, and particularly in Spain, has led to grandparents playing a major role in caring for their grandchildren. Grandparents are required to take on certain functions and roles in order to provide this care. This results in changes to their daily lives, their family relationships and therefore their quality of life.

Objective

To explore grandparents’ lived experience of being involved in the upbringing and care of grandchildren and to determine how this affects their quality of life.

Methodology

A descriptive qualitative design was used. The data collection strategy involved two focus groups in two health centres in the province of Alicante (Spain), which were attended by 19 grandparents. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.

Results

Four themes and their respective sub-themes emerged from the data analysis: (1) Not only caring, but also raising (implications for upbringing; dealing with their children’s rules; nutrition of grandchildren); (2) Motivation for providing care (it is what families do; financial support; barriers to caregiving that outweigh the reasons for caregiving); (3) Significance of gender (grandmothers bring up, grandfathers help out; cultural burden of caregiving for women) and (4) Implications of care (negative aspects of caregiving; positive aspects of caregiving).

Conclusion

The study findings show that while grandparents recognise the value and benefits of providing regular childcare, there are important challenges that need to be addressed. It would therefore be advisable for health professionals to take into account the experience of grandparent caregivers and the process of caring for young children when developing inclusive policies for this population of caregivers.
Efficacy of extracting and preventively intervening late-stage older adults who are at high risk for spending high medical costs by using the health check-up system in Japan: a pilot study
Authors: Kazawa Kana , Kawai Madoka , Moriyama Michiko
Published: November 2024

Objectives

In Japan, the seven diseases (femur fracture, cerebral infarction, chronic renal failure, heart failure, dementia, pneumonia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) are the top causes of inpatient medical costs among the late-stage older adults aged 75 years and over. This pilot study was conducted with the following two objectives; (1) to examine the proportion of risks of onset and severity of seven diseases among the late-stage older adults, and (2) to examine the efficacy of interventions focusing on the prevention of unplanned hospitalization.

Methods

Participants were 45,233 older adults aged 75 and over living in Kure City, Japan. In addition to the government-mandated health checkup items, the Intervention group underwent additional risk screening tests included questionnaires, physical examinations, blood tests, and educational guidance by nurses. The efficacy of the intervention was examined whether there were differences in the number of hospitalizations, the use of emergency and critical care, and the incidence of hemodialysis induction between the Intervention and control groups (Usual Health Checkup group and No Health Checkup group) for the 2 years.

Results

There were 485 participants in the Intervention group, 1,067 in the Usual Health Checkup group, and 43,712 in the No Health Checkup group. As the risks of seven diseases in the Intervention group, the largest proportion of deviations occurred for systolic blood pressure (63.3%), estimated salt intake (60.3%), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (51.5%). Estimated glomerular filtration rate deviated in 41.0%, N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide in 37.9%. 7.5% scored <2 points on the Mini-Cog©, and 9.1% performed the Timed Up and Go test in >12 s. The incidence of hospitalization due to any of the seven diseases was significantly higher in the No Health Checkup group (p < 0.001). There were no differences among the three groups in the use of emergency and critical care or the introduction of hemodialysis.

Conclusion

This study revealed that additional health checkup tests and intervention methods could be prevented hospitalization among the adults of 75 years and older. It is necessary to make health checkups and follow-ups more accessible those are already available within the existing health system in Japan.
Does obesity create a relative sense of excess poverty?
Authors: Arbel Yuval , Arbel Yifat , Kerner Amichai , Kerner Miryam
Published: November 2024

Background

This study investigates the potential relationship between obesity and self-ranking of poverty, as a proxy for self-awareness and happiness. To the best of our knowledge, this issue has not been previously explored based on self-ranking of poverty when income is controlled.

Method

Ordered Probit Regressions. We propose a new measure for the influence of western social values and norms associated with discrimination against obese women.

Results

Based on a follow-up survey after two years, findings demonstrate a drop in the projected probability of self-ranking as “not poor” with the BMI from 0.73 to 0.37 (females) – 0.48 (males) when the level of income is controlled. Similar outcomes are obtained when the independent variables are lagged and thus avoid endogeneity concerns. Finally, additional outcomes support the conclusion that the lagged BMI Granger-cause self-ranking of poverty for women, but not for men. Findings support the awareness of more obese women to lower prospects of finding a job.

Conclusion

Since according to twin studies, approximately 80% of obesity emanates from genetic factors, research findings stress the need to educate the public against prejudices on the grounds of obesity. In particular, our study seeks to evoke awareness among potential employers, which, in turn, might motivate avoidance of, or at least reduction in, an implicit wage penalty against obese women.
Development of an upper limb passive exosuit for the 2023 ASTM Exo Games
Authors: Kindt Stijn , Thiery Elias , Hamelryckx Stijn , Deraes Adrien , Verstraten Tom
Published: November 2024

This paper presents the design of the passive upper limb exosuit that won the design competition in the 2023 ASTM Exo Games. The tasks were first analyzed to provide information about the requirements of the design. Then a design was proposed based on the HeroWear Apex exosuit but with improvements from the competition team members. The four tasks of the competition are discussed in detail, including good and poor execution practice. Experiments are performed to measure the forces generated in the elastic elements that support the back and the ones that support the arms. Flex tests are also discussed to show that the exosuit does not hinder the movement of the user in a meaningful way when it is switched off. The performance during the tasks is discussed and based on this and designs of competitors, improvements to the overall design are proposed for future versions.
Ideological symmetry in out-group bias: a neuroimaging study in the context of vaccine hesitancy
Authors: Kluge Annika , Levy Jonathan
Published: November 2024

One of the most contentious debates in political psychology relates to the existence of ideological (a)symmetry in out-group bias. Recent neuroimaging and psychological studies circumvented previous criticisms regarding the inclusion of ideologically biased out-groups by directly targeting the ideological out-groups themselves (rightists for leftists and leftists for rightists). Their findings confirmed the asymmetry claim, with particularly robust and informative results at the neural level. Nevertheless, the recent pandemic provided a new opportunity for the investigation of ideological (a)symmetry in out-group bias by introducing an ideologically neutral yet highly discriminated and stigmatized group—vaccine-hesitant individuals. In this preregistered study, 50 Finnish adults were scanned using magnetoencephalography to delineate function-specific neural mechanisms of bias against vaccine hesitancy. The results show a clear neural bias against vaccine hesitancy regardless of political inclination. The findings reported here contribute to the present debate by selecting a unique ideologically neutral target and revealing that ideological (a)symmetries in out-group bias are highly context-dependent.
Case report: Incomplete bypass ileocolostomy without partial typhlectomy in five horses with acute, non-reducible cecocolic intussusceptions and review of literature
Authors: Troillet Antonia , Scharner Doreen
Published: November 2024

Cecocolic intussusceptions are a rare condition of acute colic in horses requiring immediate surgical intervention due to persistent uncontrollable pain and ongoing ischemic cecal necrosis. Particularly in cases where reduction of the intussusception is surgically not feasible surgical interventions such as partial typhlectomy through colotomy (partial cecal amputation) combined with or without cecal bypass techniques are described. Alternatively, surgical interventions can also be performed without partial typhlectomy via incomplete bypass ileocolostomy. Information regarding applicable techniques and outcomes base on sparse literature of single case reports or small case series. Therefore, this case series aims to add more cases treated with incomplete bypass ileocolostomy without typhlectomy to existing literature and to compare the outcome by reviewing medical records from January 2009 to March 2024 in context to literature. Five horses were surgically treated and were followed-up between 1 and 9 years. Minor short-term complications were recorded during hospitalization such as transient mild colic and febrile episodes. Long-term outcome revealed that horses received or exceed their previous level of use. By adding the hereby presented cases to published data horses treated with ileocolostomy without partial typhlectomy had a long-term survival rate of 100%. However, numbers of published cases are still low with 49 horses being included in the literature review whereof 42 recovered from surgery. The overall long-term survival rate was 53%. The added value of this study is based on the comprehensive documentation of a cohort of five horses successfully treated with an incomplete bypass procedure, demonstrating favorable long-term outcomes. Furthermore, the study advances the surgical technique by implementing the closure of mesenteric gap. The evidence for the application of the surgical technique has been strengthened.
Evaluation of alternative vaccination routes against paratuberculosis in goats
Authors: Criado Miguel , Silva Marta , Arteche-Villasol Noive , Zapico David , Elguezabal Natalia , Molina Elena , Espinosa José , Ferreras María del Carmen , Benavides Julio , Pérez Valentín , Gutiérrez-Expósito Daniel
Published: November 2024

Paratuberculosis is a chronic granulomatous enteritis, caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map), that affects ruminants worldwide. Vaccination has been considered the most cost-effective method for the control of this disease in infected dairy herds. However, currently available vaccines do not provide complete protection and interfere with the diagnosis of both paratuberculosis and bovine tuberculosis, limiting its use. Because of that, efforts are being made for the development of new vaccines. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two whole-cell inactivated experimental vaccines against paratuberculosis in goats, administered through the oral (OV) and intradermal (IDV) routes, and compare them with that of the commercial subcutaneous vaccine Gudair® (SCV). Over an 11-month period, the effect of vaccination and a subsequent Map challenge on the specific peripheral immune responses and Map-DNA fecal shedding were recorded. At the end of the experiment, tissue bacterial load and lesion severity were assessed. The experimental vaccines did not induce specific humoral immune responses and only elicited mild and delayed cellular immune responses. Although the OV reduced lesion severity, neither this vaccine nor the IDV prototype was able to reduce fecal shedding or tissue bacterial load. Moreover, although the SCV did not confer sterile immunity, it outperformed both experimental vaccines in all these parameters.
Multiple spacer sequence typing of Coxiella burnetii carried by ticks in Gansu, China
Authors: Xu Ze-Yun , Wang Fang-Ni , Jian Rui , Xue Jing , Guo Ya-Chun , Guo Wen-Ping
Published: November 2024

Background

Coxiella burnetii is a zoonotic pathogen that causes Q fever and is found worldwide. Ticks serve as the primary reservoir, playing an important role in maintaining the natural cycle of C. burnetii. C. burnetii is transmitted to animals when ticks feed on their blood. However, information on C. burnetii infection in ticks remains limited, despite the widespread prevalence of the infection in humans and animals across China.

Methods

In this study, 192 engorged ticks were collected from Baiyin City of Gansu Province, China. The presence of Coxiella burnetii in ticks was specifically identified by detecting the IS1111 gene using nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR). In addition, the 16S rRNA gene of C. burnetii was molecularly characterized using nPCR. A total of 10 spacer sequences (Cox 2, 5, 18, 20, 22, 37, 51, 56, 57, and 61) were amplified using PCR against positive specimens for MST analysis.

Results

All collected ticks were identified as Hyalomma marginatum, and 90 of them tested positive for C. burnetii, with a positive rate of 46.9% (90/192). The 16S rRNA gene analysis showed that the novel C. burnetii variants detected in this study were closely related to other C. burnetii strains in the world. The allele codes found in the present study for loci Cox2-Cox5-Cox18-Cox20-Cox22-Cox37-Cox51-Cox56-Cox57-Cox61 were 8-4-9-5-7-5-2-3-11-6. This represents a novel combination of allele values, similar to MST28, currently designated as MST85 in the Multi Spacers Typing (MST) database.

Conclusion

Our results revealed the circulation of a novel MST genotype of C. burnetii in Baiyin City, Gansu Province, China. The detection of C. burnetii in ticks suggests a potential public health risk to the local human population.