bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Squeeze damping of giant electrorheological fluid tuned by pulse width modulation
Authors: Pu Huayan , Lu Ben , Wu Xiongxiong , Wang Min , Ding Jiheng , Sun Yi , Luo Jun
Published: September 2022

Smart rheological materials represented by giant electrorheological fluid (GERF) have attracted considerable attention in vibration isolation, microfluidics, and robotics. The traditional control method is primarily to adjust the amplitude of the constant voltage. This paper introduces a GERF damper that works in squeeze mode and uses varying pulse width modulation (PWM) voltage for damping adjustment. The influence of PWM voltage parameters on the damping characteristics of the damper is analyzed through experiments. The similarities and differences between the constant voltage and PWM voltage are discussed. PWM voltage can obtain larger equivalent damping with small duty cycles. A parametric model is established based on the squeeze flow principle to describe the damping characteristics of the damper. The root mean square error between the experimental and model results is less than 0.015, which verifies the accuracy of the model. The results of the vibration platform test show that the PWM voltage control can adjust the transmissibility of the damper in the frequency domain. The amplitude of the vibration is reduced by 56% in the time domain. This study provides a new damping adjustment method for GERF dampers.
Toward actuation of Kresling pattern-based origami robots
Authors: Hu Kejun , Jeannin Thomas , Berre John , Ouisse Morvan , Rabenorosoa Kanty
Published: September 2022

This work investigates the technical requirement for the actuation of the bi-directional rotational motion (BRM) of engineering-material-based non-rigid origami robots. While the vast majority of previously published results have focused on paper-based origami structures driven by translation-motion, polypropylene (PP) is implemented in this research to investigate its ability to respond to engineering requirements according to BRM. Following this objective, three experiments are proposed to identify the technical performances of PP-based origami and kirigami robots based on Kresling pattern. First, the stabilization test shows that two hundred full folding cycles are required to reach a repeatable mechanical response. Second, the BRM test characterizes the various mechanical performances of both origami and kirigami structure: the PP-based origami outperforms existing structures in the literature. Third, the actuation test shows that the actuation mechanical requirements can be described using three key parameters: the required torque for folding, the shape-blocking stiffness, and the bistable portion. Finally, in order to support the development of PP-based origami/kirigami robots, a ‘Bar and Hinge’ reduced-order model is implemented for the description of the nonlinear hysteretic behavior and bistability. This method constitutes a useful tool for the design of highly nonlinear/bistable engineering structures based on PP origami and kirigami.
Fast optical transport of ultracold molecules over long distances
Authors: Bao Yicheng , Yu Scarlett S , Anderegg Loïc , Burchesky Sean , Gonzalez-Acevedo Derick , Chae Eunmi , Ketterle Wolfgang , Ni Kang-Kuen , Doyle John M
Published: September 2022

Optically trapped laser-cooled polar molecules hold promise for new science and technology in quantum information and quantum simulation. Large numerical aperture optical access and long trap lifetimes are needed for many studies, but these requirements are challenging to achieve in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) vacuum chamber that is connected to a cryogenic buffer gas beam source, as is the case for all molecule laser cooling experiments so far. Long distance transport of molecules greatly eases fulfilling these requirements as molecules are placed into a region separate from the MOT chamber. We realize a fast transport method for ultracold molecules based on an electronically focus-tunable lens combined with an optical lattice. The high transport speed is achieved by the 1D red-detuned optical lattice, which is generated by interference of a focus-tunable laser beam and a focus-fixed laser beam. Efficiency of 48(8)% is realized in the transport of ultracold calcium monofluoride (CaF) molecules over 46 cm distance in 50 ms, with a moderate heating from 32(2) μK to 53(4) μK. Positional stability of the molecular cloud allows for stable loading of an optical tweezer array with single molecules.
Linear perturbations of Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet black holes
Authors: Langlois David , Noui Karim , Roussille Hugo
Published: September 2022

We study linear perturbations about non rotating black hole solutions in scalar-tensor theories, more specifically Horndeski theories. We consider two particular theories that admit known hairy black hole solutions. The first one, Einstein-scalar-Gauss-Bonnet theory, contains a Gauss-Bonnet term coupled to a scalar field, and its black hole solution is given as a perturbative expansion in a small parameter that measures the deviation from general relativity. The second one, known as 4-dimensional-Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory, can be seen as a compactification of higher-dimensional Lovelock theories and admits an exact black hole solution. We study both axial and polar perturbations about these solutions and write their equations of motion as a first-order (radial) system of differential equations, which enables us to study the asymptotic behaviours of the perturbations at infinity and at the horizon following an algorithm we developed recently. For the axial perturbations, we also obtain effective Schrödinger-like equations with explicit expressions for the potentials and the propagation speeds. We see that while the Einstein-scalar-Gauss-Bonnet solution has well-behaved perturbations, the solution of the 4-dimensional-Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory exhibits unusual asymptotic behaviour of its perturbations near its horizon and at infinity, which makes the definition of ingoing and outgoing modes impossible. This indicates that the dynamics of these perturbations strongly differs from the general relativity case and seems pathological.
Climate Change and Astronomy: A Look at Long-term Trends on Maunakea
Authors: van Kooten Maaike A. M. , Izett Jonathan G.
Published: September 2022

Maunakea is one of the world’s primary sites for astronomical observing, with multiple telescopes operating over submillimeter to optical wavelengths. With its summit higher than 4200 m above sea level, Maunakea is an ideal location for astronomy, with a historically dry, stable climate and minimal turbulence above the summit. Under a changing climate, however, we ask how the (above-)summit conditions may have evolved in recent decades since the site was first selected as an observatory location and how future-proof the site might be to continued change. We use data from a range of sources, including in situ meteorological observations, radiosonde profiles, and numerical reanalyses to construct a climatology at Maunakea over the previous 40 yr. We are interested in both the meteorological conditions (e.g., wind speed and humidity) and the image quality (e.g., seeing). We find that meteorological conditions were, in general, relatively stable over the period with few statistically significant trends and with quasi-cyclical interannual variability in astronomically significant parameters such as temperature and precipitable water vapor. We do, however, find that maximum wind speeds have increased over the past decades, with observed wind speeds above 15 m s−1 increasing in frequency by 1%–2%, which may have a significant impact on ground-layer turbulence. Further, we note that while the conditions themselves are not necessarily changing significantly, the combination of conditions that lead to dome closures (i.e., freezing conditions, increased summit wind speeds, and/or high humidities) are worsening to the point that the number of closure conditions have more than doubled in the last 20 yr. Importantly, we find that the Fried parameter has not changed in the last 40 yr, suggesting there has not been an increase in optical turbulence strength above the summit. Ultimately, more data and data sources—including profiling instruments—are needed at the site to ensure continued monitoring into the future and to detect changes in the summit climate.
Probing the Atmospheric Precipitable Water Vapor with SOFIA, Part III. Atlas of Seasonal Median PWV Maps from ERA5, Implications for FIFI-LS and in situ Comparison Between the ERA5 and MERRA-2 Atmospheric Re-analyses
Authors: Iserlohe C. , Vacca W. D. , Fischer C. , Fischer N. , Krabbe A.
Published: September 2022

The Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) is an airborne observatory for far-infrared astronomy stationed at the Armstrong Flight Research Center (AFRC) in Palmdale, CA, USA. Although SOFIA flies at altitudes of ∼41,000 ft, any far-infrared observations from within the Earth’s atmosphere are nevertheless hampered by water vapor absorbing the astronomical signal. The primary atmospheric parameter governing absorption in the far-infrared is the total upward precipitable water vapor, PWV. In this paper we present global PWV maps derived from re-analyses from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, ECMWF, with a geographical resolution of 0.°5, for flight altitudes ranging from 37,000 ft to 45,000 ft and each meteorological season. These maps were validated with FIFI-LS PWV measurements on board SOFIA and allow an investigation of the global morphology and seasonal dependence of the total upward PWV in the stratosphere. We additionally investigate the observing conditions, in terms of PWV, at various locations, especially around SOFIA’s home base, Palmdale, but also around sites in the southern hemisphere like Tahiti, Santiago de Chile (Chile), Buenos Aires (Argentina), and Christchurch (New Zealand). From the southern sites investigated Christchurch provides the best conditions in terms of PWV (and efficiency), Tahiti the worst. Using total power sky measurements with FIFI-LS we also derive a mean emissivity of the telescope (primary, secondary and tertiary mirror) of ϵ
Tel = 20.5 ± 1.6% around the astronomically significant [C ii] emission line. We finally compare atmospheric re-analyses from GEOS (MERRA-2) and ECMWF (ERA5) to our FIFI-LS PWV measurements. Both re-analyses correlate linearly with our FIFI-LS PWV measurements from all flight altitudes but with different scaling factors. However, MERRA-2 correlates significantly less well than ERA5 especially for flight altitudes below 41,000 ft.
Identifying Transient Candidates in the Dark Energy Survey Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Ayyar Venkitesh , Knop Robert , Awbrey Autumn , Andersen Alexis , Nugent Peter
Published: September 2022

The ability to discover new transient candidates via image differencing without direct human intervention is an important task in observational astronomy. For these kind of image classification problems, machine learning techniques such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have shown remarkable success. In this work, we present the results of an automated transient candidate identification on images with CNNs for an extant data set from the Dark Energy Survey Supernova program, whose main focus was on using Type Ia supernovae for cosmology. By performing an architecture search of CNNs, we identify networks that efficiently select non-artifacts (e.g., supernovae, variable stars, AGN, etc.) from artifacts (image defects, mis-subtractions, etc.), achieving the efficiency of previous work performed with random Forests, without the need to expend any effort in feature identification. The CNNs also help us identify a subset of mislabeled images. Performing a relabeling of the images in this subset, the resulting classification with CNNs is significantly better than previous results, lowering the false positive rate by 27% at a fixed missed detection rate of 0.05.
A gyro-fluid model of global geodesic acoustic modes supported by finite ion Larmor radius
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhou Tianchun , Wang Xiaogang
Published: September 2022

A theory of global geodesic acoustic modes with short wavelengths based on the framework of an electrostatic gyro-fluid has been developed, in which the more thorough sorts of finite-ion-Larmor-radius effects are encompassed than in the two-fluid model (Wang et al 2021 Nucl. Fusion
61 106024), while the radial differential equation of the eigenmodes still comes up in a compact and analytically tractable form. By solving the corresponding boundary value problem numerically with typical equilibrium profiles, a multitude of global geodesic acoustic modes with quantized eigen-frequencies have been found. In particular, as the consequence of the plasma model improvement, we have obtained multiple edge-localized global geodesic acoustic modes with the features resembling those observed experimentally.
Staircase formation by resonant and non-resonant transport of potential vorticity
Authors: Yan Qinghao , Diamond Patrick H.
Published: September 2022

The E × B staircase is a quasi-periodic pattern of pressure profile corrugations. In this work, we present a new mechanism for E × B staircase formation that involves resonant transport versus non-resonant transport. We start from a potential vorticity evolution system and use quasi-linear theory, a model dispersion relation, and a bi-Lorentzian spectrum approximation, to construct the relation between the fluxes and the profiles. With these fluxes, we close the profile evolution equations and the extended turbulence intensity evolution equation, which together constitute a turbulence-profile evolution system. In this system, the Doppler effect from the E × B mean flow can cause resonance between trapped ion precession motion and the trapped ion mode, which drives a resonant transport contribution to the fluxes. The profiles will be flattened where the resonant transport is switched on. In contrast, for the regions of non-resonant transport, profiles are steeper. A quasi-periodic pattern of profile corrugation (the E × B staircase) spontaneously emerges in this system, which is the two states mentioned above, arranged as alternating layers in space. The feedback processes during the staircase pattern formation are identified. An estimate of the critical value of the boundary heat flux is obtained, above which the staircase formation will be triggered. An estimate scaling of the step size in the staircase pattern is obtained. The resonant turbulent transport is also a mechanism for collisionless saturation of zonal flow. This work is related to internal transport barrier formation and suggests some new scenarios, such as an enhanced confined L mode.
Frequency Monitoring Analysis based Power Quality Operational Data Management System
Authors: SaiHimajaChowdary K. , Mantri Vijaykumar , Neelakantappa M.
Published: September 2022

In this work, a low-cost measurement solution (named PyFreqDAQ) has been developed to monitor the frequency of the electrical network, which is regarded a quality parameter of the electrical supply, and at the same time provide a more precise result thanks to the usage of the Allan variance. Software (Grafana) is available for free and can be used to track the frequency’s change over time in order to better understand how it is maintained within certain parameters. Two distinct techniques of calculating the frequency have been used to show the device’s power consumption. For starters, we’ll follow the guidelines established by IEC 61000-4-30 The Allan variance-based approach, on the other hand, uses an algorithm that offers a more precise frequency measurement and a GPS-traceable reference value. With the Allan variance-based method, one can expect improved precision and accuracy, as well as faster calculations and a wider range of observations. A significant advantage over other applications (e.g. labVIEWTM) is the flexibility demonstrated by Python while programming the data capture card and interacting with the database Because Python is a more powerful programming language, it allows for operations and calculations to be carried out using simple codes, while also allowing for minimal computational load and consuming considerably less working memory. To date, there hasn’t been any comparative research done between Python and LabVIEWTM.
Control Strategies for Improvement of Power Quality in Grid Connected Variable Speed WECS with DFIG – An Overview
Authors: Singh Pradeep , Arora Krishan , Rathore Umesh C.
Published: September 2022

The presented paper gives a detailed observation of the PQ related problems for WE based on the EFIG or DFIG (Extra or Doubly Fed Induction Generator. Fundamental Frequency Components are the most typical reasons of disruption of power quality. On the other hand, wind loading conditions also disrupt the power quality. Numerous modes for the removing of these problems were studied to get the rid of these fundamental frequency components of the WES (Wind Energy Systems). In the presented paper, there is substantial analysis of numerous controlling techniques were presented to eliminate these PQ and different loading conditions i.e. grid conditions and wind loading conditions. Furthermore, utilizing the WECS (Wind Energy Conversion System) as an operative filter. This analysis of DFIG based WECS help research scholars to choose the adequate control procedures while utilizing the WECS as an operative filter.
Optimal integration of renewable distributed generators and electric vehicles in a radial distributed network
Authors: Kumar V , Sudabattula S K , Dharavat N
Published: September 2022

With the rising interest in sustainable transportation efforts, the optimal integration of Electric Vehicles (EVs) in the transportation business has come into existence very drastically. However, because of the increased power consumption, their impact on the electric power market might result in more enormous losses in the active power, a reduced voltage profile, as well as reduced voltage stability limits. In Radial Distribution System (RDS), getting the reduced effect of EVs load is crucial. It is significantly important to build charging stations for EVs and Distributed Generators (DGs) at the best locations. This article presents a combined approach to solve the optimal integration of DGs and EVs problem. First, the desired locations of DGs and EVs are found using the Voltage Stability Index (VSI) method.

Further, the resource ratings are obtained by the Firefly algorithm (FA) method. EVs charging dump and smart charging strategies are used, and comparison is done with both systems. Furthermore, the main objective of this work is to reduce the power loss and maintain a good voltage profile at each bus in the RDS. Finally, the developed approach is tested on IEEE 69 bus system.
Power Efficient Technique for CMOS- Logic Circuits
Authors: Adhikari Manoj Singh , Sahil Shaik , Tarun Naidu Palatla Babasri , Roy Aseervadam Thushar , Devendra Mandapati , Goutham Uppala
Published: September 2022

Power outages on normal CMOS circuit is very high it can be reduced by using the adiabatic technique. Adiabatic technique is used in the pull up part of CMOS logic. Power loss of CMOS Logic is in terms of heat. Adiabatic is an efficient technique where some of the energy stored in the load and it is used for next inputs without dissipating as heat. The adiabatic technique depends largely on the parameter variation. With the help of DSCH, MICROWIND, TANNER EDA (S-edit, TWV, TSP) Software’s power consumed by ECRL (Efficient Charge Recovery Logic) is compared to the power consumed by common CMOS for NAND and NOR inverter circuits. In this study it is find out that the adiabatic technique is the good choice rather than conventional technique in terms of power consumption.
Collision Avoidance and Direction Planning for Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Gannaram Nithish Kumar , Nayak Jitesh Kumar , Mahesh Sudarsi , Anil Pappala , Chikkala Vamsi , Kumar Nitin
Published: September 2022

The rapid development of information and signal processing technology has contributed significantly to the development of autonomous driving (AD) techniques, which improve driving safety while minimizing human efforts. According to analyst predictions, automatic cars will soon surpass manual cars in number as automatic driving becomes more sophisticated. Ensuring safety and reducing the road accidents is the primary concerns in automated vehicles. Recent research has shown that computer vision, deep learning, and other fields have advanced beyond the imagination. The paper covers the deep learning algorithms and techniques necessary to make a reliable and real-time collision avoidance system using concepts such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), YOLOv4 (You Look Only Once), and other deep learning architectures while also reviewing the current state of the art strategies for Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS). By using CNN algorithms, it is possible to detect lane markings and signboards in real time as well as estimate distances between them.
Dual phenomenon of surface plasmon and laser optics induced EM enhancement for rapid DNA detection with semiconductor nanostructures (SiNWs/AgNPs)
Authors: Ramachandran Krithikadevi , Dauodi Kais , Columbus Soumya , Tlili Abdelaziz , Gaidi Mounir
Published: September 2022

Recently exploring bioanalytical instrumentation principles emphasized with combination of optics and EM fields in surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The principles favour the rapid detection of DNA with proper fabrication of SERS sensor. 1D semiconductor nanostructures (SiNWs) functionalization with plasmonic silver nanoparticles are fabricated by PLD process and exploited for SERS detection of DNA. The DNA nucleotide bands are indexed with reference to their Raman shift as Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), Thymine (T) at Raman spectral regions of 1352 cm-1, 676 cm-1, 1625 cm-1, 1441 cm-1 respectively. The finest conditions for sensitive detection of DNA were investigated and their interaction mechanism are presented. The point-to-point reproducibility measurements imprinted higher degree of concordancy. The designed SERS sensor will be definitely helpful almost in all application fields with portable handheld Raman spectrophotometer in near future.
Disaster Monitoring based on IoT and Long Range Assisted Framework
Authors: Bagwari Swapnil , Roy Ajay , Singh Rajesh , Gehlot Anita
Published: September 2022

We encounter so many hazardous situations which effects living species and the materials they own. Due to natural calamities and environmental disasters, there is an increase in losses of lives and materials. Landslides are caused due to heavy rains, sloping of land because of earthquakes and deforestation. The research is about the preventive landslide detection and alerting system using various sensors and Arduino. The data collected by the sensors is transferred to Arduino which is further sent to NODEMCU through Lora module. The data obtained at NODEMCU will be transferred to database server for real-time monitoring and processing. Due improvement in the field of IoT systems has made the use of low cost, low power LoRA technologies to detect the environmental disaster and prevent from dangerous situations with less damage to living beings. In view to cover larger area with reduced costs and low power consumption, we used the LoRa technology for transmitting the monitoring data and Wi-Fi communication is used for sending the alerts. The processed data will be displayed on the mobile application interface.
Polymer Electrolyte a Novel Material for Electrochemical Devices: A Review
Authors: Singh Palvinder , Sachdeva Amit , Bhargava Cherry
Published: September 2022

Polymer Electrolyte is novel material as renewal energy sources are widely used in the industries. Electrolyte is the main parts of storing/conversion devices. In this review article polymer electrolyte novel material are discussed. In this report various polymer advantage, application, availability, categories of polymer, various approaches, and sample preparation techniques are also described. Polymer electrolyte also used in batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors, Dye-sensitizes solar cell and energy storing/conversion devices. It is observed that polymer electrolyte is better awareness to the researchers and readers.
Understanding and Visualization of Different Feature Extraction Processes in Glaucoma Detection
Authors: Krishna Nanditha , Nagamani K
Published: September 2022

In the recent years the usage of mobile phone is increased and it is the major reason for cause of vision loss in several people. The continuous usage increases pressure inside optic nerve head and it leads to glaucoma disease. Also, there are lot of other reasons which leads to the cause of glaucoma. The purpose of this paper is to determine the importance of feature extraction process in glaucoma detection and implementation of different techniques for extracting convenient features for training machine learning model using pre-processed OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) images. The two major feature extraction techniques narrated in this paper are convolutional neural network (CNN) model-based feature extraction and image processing model-based feature extraction. A performance analysis was conducted to find best feature extraction technique and both techniques performed well.
A Low Cost all Optical Photonic Technique Based on Brillouin Scattering for mm-Wave Generation
Authors: Bansal Mohit , Sindhwani Manoj
Published: September 2022

Generation of millimeter wave (mm-wave) in radio over fiber (ROF) systems is suffered from nonlinearity effects in optical fiber communication. In order to mitigate the degrading effects, a low cost all optical photonic method for the generation of mm-wave is proposed in this work. Therefore, work is accentuated on the enhanced frequency shift based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) by utilizing only one pump source. Effect of length of optical fiber, launched power and photo detector quantum efficiency is investigated over proposed architecture in order to observe power fading effects. Photonically stable, mm-wave is realized productively in the cost effective way using SBS incorporating different frequencies from 20 GHz-80 GHz. Results reveals that USB (upper sidebands) and LSB (lower sidebands) generated with demonstrated system have high power and good SNR. This makes system appropriate for radio over fiber system.
Estimation of Channel for Millimeter-Wave Hybrid Massive MIMO Systems using Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP)
Authors: Shailender  , Khera Shelej , Singh Sajjan , Jyoti
Published: September 2022

In a millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) large MIMO system, hybrid precoding is a critical component for lowering radio-frequency hardware costs as compared to the traditional full-digital precoding strategy. Knowledge of channels is required for hybrid precoding. Though, estimation of the channel is problematic for the mm-Wave system because of the usage of a massive array of antenna and hybrid architecture with analog precoding. Due to the extremely directed nature of wireless propagation, wireless channels have spatial sparsity. In this paper, we exploit this spatial sparsity nature of wireless channels to develop orthogonal matching pursuit technique-based estimation of channels for hybrid millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) wireless systems. Genie (Ideal) channel estimation is also performed in which we presume that actual angle of departures (AoD) and angle of arrivals (AoA) are known to us. Finally, the simulation results reveal that suggested OMP algorithm-based channel estimation has a significant advantage over conventional approaches like least-squares channel estimation.
RETRACTED: Bandwidth Optimization for Vertical Handoff using Hybrid Cuckoo Search and Genetic Algorithm Scheme
Authors: Khurana Preeti , Jha Keshav , Gupta Akhil
Published: September 2022

Future remote systems should have the option to handle the gain in a different system state. One of the most of the time tried issues for coordination is the vertical handoff, which is an option to handoff portable hubs between different systems. While customary handoff codes are based on quality checks, vertical handoffs must assess additional factors, for example, funding costs, proposed governance, systematic location, and customer learning. In this paper, some improvements are proposed for the implementation of vertical handoff option calculations aimed at increasing the nature of the administration experienced by each customer. Firstly, talk about the idea of alignment-based handoff is done. At that point, cost efficiency can be achieved by sending decisions on the target systems depending on the classification of the customer and the measurements provided by the system. Finally, a demonstration investigation suggests that the proposed reforms can achieve significant gains like governance and the productive use of assets. In the present work, two other half-schemes are proposed using the cuckoo search calculation and the genealogical calculation. In the two mixing plots, the calculation consists of two steps: the primary stage, which examines the location of the cuckoo search (CS), or the genetic algorithm (GA). In the subsequent stage, to improve worldwide pursuit and dispose of catching into a few neighbourhood optima is done. Reproducibility results and testing with old-time CS and GA calculations confirm the feasibility of the proposed computation in designing various benchmark correction capabilities.
Cause Effect Analysis of Ecological Pollutants on Internal Physique of Human Subjects Using Radial Recurrent Neural Network Approach
Authors: Pimpale Y , Gupta S , Kanday R
Published: September 2022

Globally, ecosystems are changing at an unprecedented rate. Ecosystem management include natural resources and the biophysical environment, but it also requires consideration of all anthropogenic aspects, including social, economic, and cultural factors. Environmental factors are thought to be responsible for almost half of the worldwide burden of disease. Ecosystem changes are increasingly recognized as having an impact on human health and playing an important part in the onset and re-emergence of an expanding variety of diseases. Ecological and environmental Imbalances negatively affect on human health, food security and global economic geopolitical stability. In this study, a cohort-based data set of Ecological pollutants and Physiological signals such as ECG and anthropogenic data of human subjects were extracted from Maharashtra. A hazard ratio based on neural networks was developed and found to be deplorable in both the unhealthy and healthy categories of human individuals. This research is crucial in shedding insight on the influence of interactions between natural and anthropogenic variables on human health. Such initiatives might contribute to a better knowledge of the human health consequences of accelerated environmental change, as well as better decision-making in the fields of environmental conservation, public health policy, and new management framework designs.
Tunable propagation of waveguide mode by incident spin states in multi-channel metal waveguide
Authors: Zhao Li-Ming , Zhou Yun-Song
Published: September 2022

The control of scattering light direction by incident spin state offers a desirable and novel development opportunity for the nano optics and integrated optical devices. Here, the controllable propagation of light in multi-channel metal waveguide is investigated by analyzing and applying the symmetry between the light source and the system based on the component wave interference theory. The composite electric and magnetic dipoles are used to drive the selective scattering in a four-channel structure. We found that it is a very convenient and intuitive method to obtain the selective propagation direction by considering the symmetry. We also reveal that the spin-momentum locking is only the eigen property of the optical system, instead of the origin of unidirectionality.
Influence of different curing conditions on water absorption of cement-based materials under dry and wet cycles
Authors: Xuebing Wang , Shengbo Guo
Published: September 2022

As the main structural material of a subway, the precast concrete segment is produced under the steam-curing condition, and frequently experienced dry–wet cycles environment. In this study, steam-curing and dry–wet cycling methods were used to simulate the water absorption process of cement-based materials under special circumstances. The results showed that the water absorption in cement-based materials decreased with an increase in the number of dry–wet cycles. Based on a micro-analysis, the proportion of large capillary pores (dimension >0.1 μm) in the steam-cured mortar increased during the water absorption process with the increase in the number of dry–wet cycles compared with the standard cured mortar. Through thermodynamic and kinetics analysis, the mechanism and model were calculated to explain the component transformation mechanism of cement-based materials under dry and wet cycles.
Healthcare for older adults in North America: challenges, successes and opportunities
Authors: Little Milta O , Morley John E
Published: September 2022

Older adults in North America face similar challenges to successful ageing as other adults around the world, including an increased risk of geriatric syndromes and functional decline, limited access to healthcare professionals specialising in geriatrics and constraints on healthcare spending for Long-Term Services and Supports. Geriatrics as a specialty has long been established, along with the creation of a variety of screening tools for early identification of geriatric syndromes. Despite this, workforce shortages in all older adult care service areas have led to significant gaps in care, particularly in community settings. To address these gaps, innovative programs that expand the reach of geriatric specialists and services have been developed. Opportunities exist for further dissemination of these programs and services, as well as for expansion of an ageing capable workforce.
Should Cognitive Screening Tests Be Corrected for Age and Education? Insights From a Causal Perspective
Authors: Piccininni Marco , Rohmann Jessica L , Wechsung Maximilian , Logroscino Giancarlo , Kurth Tobias
Published: September 2022

Cognitive screening tests such as the Mini-Mental State Examination are widely used in clinical routine to predict cognitive impairment. The raw test scores are often corrected for age and education, although documented poorer discrimination performance of corrected scores has challenged this practice. Nonetheless, test correction persists, perhaps due to the seemingly counterintuitive nature of the underlying problem. We used a causal framework to inform the long-standing debate from a more intuitive angle. We illustrate and quantify the consequences of applying the age-education correction of cognitive tests on discrimination performance. In an effort to bridge theory and practical implementation, we computed differences in discrimination performance under plausible causal scenarios using Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS)-1 data. We show that when age and education are causal risk factors for cognitive impairment and independently also affect the test score, correcting test scores for age and education removes meaningful information, thereby diminishing discrimination performance.
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Air and on Surfaces in Rooms of Infected Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Linde Kimberly J , Wouters Inge M , Kluytmans Jan A J W , Kluytmans-van den Bergh Marjolein F Q , Pas Suzan D , GeurtsvanKessel Corine H , Koopmans Marion P G , Meier Melanie , Meijer Patrick , Raben Ceder R , Spithoven Jack , Tersteeg-Zijderveld Monique H G , Heederik Dick J J , Dohmen Wietske ,   COCON Consortium
Published: September 2022

There is an ongoing debate on airborne transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a risk factor for infection. In this study, the level of SARS-CoV-2 in air and on surfaces of SARS-CoV-2 infected nursing home residents was assessed to gain insight in potential transmission routes. During outbreaks, air samples were collected using three different active and one passive air sampling technique in rooms of infected patients. Oropharyngeal swabs (OPS) of the residents and dry surface swabs were collected. Additionally, longitudinal passive air samples were collected during a period of 4 months in common areas of the wards. Presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was determined using RT-qPCR, targeting the RdRp- and E-genes. OPS, samples of two active air samplers and surface swabs with Ct-value ≤35 were tested for the presence of infectious virus by cell culture. In total, 360 air and 319 surface samples from patient rooms and common areas were collected. In rooms of 10 residents with detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in OPS, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 93 of 184 collected environmental samples (50.5%) (lowest Ct 29.5), substantially more than in the rooms of residents with negative OPS on the day of environmental sampling (n = 2) (3.6%). SARS-CoV-2 RNA was most frequently present in the larger particle size fractions [>4 μm 60% (6/10); 1–4 μm 50% (5/10); <1 μm 20% (2/10)] (Fischer exact test P = 0.076). The highest proportion of RNA-positive air samples on room level was found with a filtration-based sampler 80% (8/10) and the cyclone-based sampler 70% (7/10), and impingement-based sampler 50% (5/10). SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 10 out of 12 (83%) passive air samples in patient rooms. Both high-touch and low-touch surfaces contained SARS-CoV-2 genome in rooms of residents with positive OPS [high 38% (21/55); low 50% (22/44)]. In one active air sample, infectious virus in vitro was detected. In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 is frequently detected in air and on surfaces in the immediate surroundings of room-isolated COVID-19 patients, providing evidence of environmental contamination. The environmental contamination of SARS-CoV-2 and infectious aerosols confirm the potential for transmission via air up to several meters.
Between self-determination and advice: Sense-making and justifications in Swedish budget and debt counselling
Authors: Callegari Julia , Liedgren Pernilla , Kullberg Christian
Published: September 2022

Over-indebtedness has become an increasingly common issue in Europe and a growing concern for social work. In Sweden, budget and debt counsellors are the main actors guiding over-indebted individuals towards financial well-being. This study analyses how budget and debt counsellors rhetorically make sense of and justify their service provision. The research data consist of interviews with thirty-nine counsellors, supported by vignettes. The analysis shows that counsellors make sense of their service by constructing two guiding principles: to promote financial agency, centred on upholding the client’s autonomy and self-determination in solving the debt problems, respectively, to promote financial change, centred on providing the advice, guidance and practical support required to alleviate the client’s debt problems. These two guiding principles construct the client’s capability and responsibility to deal with their debt burden differently and motivate the counsellors to take different courses of action in relation to the client. Counsellors’ sense-making talk can thus be said to both reproduce and challenge predominant policy discourses emphasising citizens’ personal responsibility for creating welfare. The findings are discussed in relation to their implications for social work policy and practice.
Changing English Local Authority Duties by the Adoption of Easements in the COVID-19 Pandemic; Findings from an Interview-Based Study
Authors: Baginsky Mary , Thomas Emily , Manthorpe Jill
Published: September 2022

This article reports findings from a study on the effect of the adjustments or ‘easements’ that were made to the 2014 Care Act when measures to manage the impact of COVID-19 were introduced in England in 2020. Only eight local authorities (LAs) implemented the changes permitted. The experiences of five are explored in this article. Data were collected in 2021 through interviews with Directors of Adult Social Services and other senior managers in these LAs and analysed using a thematic approach. Participants referred to the challenges under which they were working pre-pandemic, including resource pressures and problems recruiting and retaining staff. Despite the conditions attached to adopting easements these LAs had done so because of the uncertainties they were facing. All ceased to use them within a short time because they could manage without them. They had been shocked by the concerted opposition to easements and the time necessitated in responding to this. They contrasted their experiences with the apparent ease with which NHS colleagues had been able to change their practices. The experiences of these LAs may contribute to planning for the continuity of social care in any future emergency.
Perceived Disaster Preparedness between Asian Americans and Other Races: Mediating Roles of Information Seeking and Self-Efficacy
Authors: Chen Zhirui , Cong Zhen
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to examine the differences in perceived disaster preparedness between Asian Americans and other major races in the USA, namely, Whites, African Americans and Native Americans, and how information-seeking behaviours and self-efficacy (i.e. perceived ability in conducting preparedness behaviours) mediated these racial differences. Data used were from the 2017 National Household Survey conducted by US Federal Emergency Management Agency and included 4,493 respondents. Multiple mediation analysis with percentile and bias-corrected bootstrapping was performed. Results showed that the perceived preparedness level of Asian Americans was lower than that of Whites and Native Americans. Asian Americans’ lower level of self-efficacy explained their disadvantages in perceived disaster preparedness compared with Whites, African Americans and Native Americans. The disadvantages of Asian Americans relative to Native Americans were also attributed to fewer information-seeking behaviours. Based on these findings, disaster-related social work services and intervention strategies can be developed to improve the preparedness mechanisms within the Asian American community and reduce racial disparities in disaster planning.
LAMTOR1 degrades MHC-II via the endocytic in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wu Bo , Wang Qian , Li Bowen , Jiang Meixi
Published: September 2022

Tumor cell surface antigen recognition is a major hallmark of cancer therapy, and loss of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) is the most common mechanism that impairs tumor cell surface antigen processing and expression. In addition to this, MHC-II regulates antigen presentation in CD4+ T cell immune responses involved in tumor killing by CD8+ T cells, whereas the regulation of endocytosis regulating MHC-II antigen presentation has not been reported. Therefore, the regulation of the endocytosis pathway on the expression of MHC-II surface level and antitumor T cell response remains to be explored. In this experiment, we found that LAMTOR1 regulates the endocytic pathway through the GTPase domain of DNM2 and triggers the formation of autophagosomes. We performed flow cytometry and western blotting analyses, which revealed that the expression of MHC-II molecules on the surface of cells is influenced by LAMTOR1 through the endocytic pathway. We showed that the expression of MHC-II molecules, which recognize CD4+ T cells on the surface of cells, was regulated by LAMTOR1 through an endocytic pathway. By coculture experiments, we showed that CD8+/CD4+ T cells exhibit substantially higher levels of tumor cell apoptosis than those observed when hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells were cocultured with CD8+ T cells alone. This study revealed that LAMTOR1 decreases the expression levels of MHC-II on cell surfaces in order to reduce antigen expression, leading to a decrease in antitumor T cell responses.
Multisensory integration in neurons of the medial pulvinar of macaque monkey
Authors: Vittek Anne-Laure , Juan Cécile , Nowak Lionel G , Girard Pascal , Cappe Céline
Published: September 2022

The pulvinar is a heterogeneous thalamic nucleus, which is well developed in primates. One of its subdivisions, the medial pulvinar, is connected to many cortical areas, including the visual, auditory, and somatosensory cortices, as well as with multisensory areas and premotor areas. However, except for the visual modality, little is known about its sensory functions. A hypothesis is that, as a region of convergence of information from different sensory modalities, the medial pulvinar plays a role in multisensory integration. To test this hypothesis, 2 macaque monkeys were trained to a fixation task and the responses of single-units to visual, auditory, and auditory–visual stimuli were examined. Analysis revealed auditory, visual, and multisensory neurons in the medial pulvinar. It also revealed multisensory integration in this structure, mainly suppressive (the audiovisual response is less than the strongest unisensory response) and subadditive (the audiovisual response is less than the sum of the auditory and the visual responses). These findings suggest that the medial pulvinar is involved in multisensory integration.
Associations Between Findings of Fusobacterium necrophorum or β-Hemolytic Streptococci and Complications in Pharyngotonsillitis—A Registry-Based Study in Southern Sweden
Authors: Nygren David , Wasserstrom Lisa , Holm Karin , Torisson Gustav
Published: September 2022

Background

Most pharyngotonsillitis guidelines focus on the identification of group A streptococci (GAS), guided by clinical scores determining whom to test with a rapid antigen detection test. Nevertheless, many patients testing negative with this test are evaluated for group C/G streptococci (GCS/GGS) and Fusobacterium necrophorum, yet their importance remains debated. Our primary aim was to evaluate associations between complications and findings of F. necrophorum, GAS, or GCS/GGS in pharyngotonsillitis.

Methods

This was a retrospective, registry-based study of pharyngotonsillitis cases tested for F. necrophorum (polymerase chain reaction) and β-hemolytic streptococci (culture) in the Skåne Region, Sweden, in 2013–2020. Patients with prior complications or antibiotics (within 30 days) were excluded. Data were retrieved from registries and electronic charts. Logistic regression analyses were performed with a dichotomous composite outcome of complications as primary outcome, based on International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, codes. Cases with negative results (polymerase chain reaction and culture) were set as reference category. Complications within 30 days were defined as peritonsillar or pharyngeal abscess, otitis, sinusitis, sepsis or septic complications, recurrence of pharyngotonsillitis (after 15–30 days) or hospitalization.

Results

Of 3700 registered cases, 28% had F. necrophorum, 13% had GCS/GGS, 10% had GAS, and 54% had negative results. The 30-day complication rates were high (20%). F. necrophorum (odds ratio, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.5–2.1) and GAS (1.9; 1.5–2.5) were positively associated with complications, whereas GCS/GGS were negatively associated (0.7; 0.4–0.98).

Conclusions

Our results indicate that F. necrophorum is a relevant pathogen in pharyngotonsillitis, whereas the relevance of testing for GCS/GGS is questioned. However, which patient to test and treat for F. necrophorum remains to be defined.