bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Pincer‐Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Sulfamates with Arylzinc Chlorides.
Authors: Tao Jian‐Long , Wang Zhong‐Xia
Published: February 2016

Phosphorous‐free nickel N,N,N‐pincer complexes are investigated as catalyst for the cross‐coupling of aryl sulfamates with arylzinc chlorides to give biaryl derivatives (44 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Accessing Stable Zirconium Carboxyaminophosphonate Nanosheets as Support for Highly Active Pd Nanoparticles.
Authors: Costantino Ferdinando , Vivani Riccardo , Bastianini Maria , Ortolani Luca , Piermatti Oriana , Nocchetti Morena , Vaccaro Luigi
Published: February 2016

The title catalytic system is successfully applied in the Suzuki—Miyaura coupling reaction and can be reused several times without loss of activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed Direct Spirocyclization of Alkynes with Thiophenols: A Simple and Facile Approach to 3‐Thioazaspiro[4,5]trienones.
Authors: Cui Huanhuan , Wei Wei , Yang Daoshan , Zhang Jimei , Xu Zhihong , Wen Jiangwei , Wang Hua
Published: February 2016

The title compounds are not obtained when the N—Me group is changed to N—H or N—Ph, which might be caused by electronic effects.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Allene Amination for the Synthesis of Azetidin‐3‐ones.
Authors: Burke Eileen G. , Schomaker Jennifer M.
Published: February 2016

A highly regioselective aziridination of the distal bond of homoallenic sulfamates leads to fused azetidin‐3‐ones in excellent diastereoselectivity via bicyclic methyleneaziridines and their subsequent rearrangement.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Isoindole Derivatives Containing an Azetidinone Ring.
Authors: Hosseinkhani Batool , Islami Mohammad Reza , Hosseinkhani Saman
Published: February 2016

Isoindolylbutanoic acid (I) reacts with aromatic imines [e.g. (II) and (IV)] to give trans‐β‐lactams [e.g. (III) and (V)] stereoselectively via [2 + 2]‐cycloaddition of a ketene intermediate and imines.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Michael Addition Reactions of 2‐Substituted Benzofuran‐3(2H)‐ones to Nitroolefins.
Authors: Zhang Zhi‐Pei , Dong Nan , Li Xin , Cheng Jin‐Pei
Published: February 2016

An asymmetric Michael reaction of 2‐alkyl substituted benzofuran‐3(2H)‐ones with nitroolefins via bifunctional tertiary‐amine squaramide catalysis is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidant‐Controlled Catalytic Transformations of Phenols with Unexpected Cleavage of Aromatic Rings.
Authors: Li Wei , Song Feijie , You Jingsong
Published: February 2016

A novel copper‐catalyzed oxidative coupling of electron rich phenols that involves the cleavage of a benzene ring is described to yield 3‐furanyl substituted benzofurans (III) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐(Alkylamino)‐3‐aryl‐6,7‐dihydrobenzofuran‐4(5H)‐ones: Improved Synthesis and Their Photophysical Properties.
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Kumawat Lokesh Kumar , Gupta Vinod Kumar , Sharma Anuj
Published: February 2016

A solvent‐ and catalyst‐free reaction between dimedone, aryl aldehydes, and an isocyanide under microwave irradiation is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: The Ugi Reaction of Cyanoacetic Acid as a Route to Tetramic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Alvarez‐Rodriguez Nancy V. , Dos Santos Aurelie , El Kaim Laurent , Gamez‐Montano Rocio
Published: February 2016

The Ugi one‐pot reaction of cyanoacetic acid (I), aromatic aldehydes [e.g. (III)], amines [e.g. (II)], and isocyanides [e.g. (IV)] produces aminopyrrolinone derivatives [e.g. (V)].
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1‐Hydroxy‐1,5‐dihydro‐2H‐pyrrol‐2‐ones or 1‐Hydroxy‐1,6‐dihydropyridine‐2,5‐diones from N‐Hydroxy‐N‐(2‐oxoalkyl)amides.
Authors: Kulakov Ivan V. , Nikolaenkova Elena B. , Gatilov Yuri V. , Tikhonov Alexsei Ya. , Fisyuk Alexander S.
Published: February 2016

Amides (I) and (III) are converted into pyrrole or pyridine derivatives depending on the amount of base.
ChemInform Abstract: A Cascade Synthetic Route to New Bioactive Spiroindolinepyrido[1,2‐a]indolediones from Indirubin.
Authors: Sele Alexander M. , Bremner John B. , Willis Anthony C. , Haritakun Rachada , Griffith Renate , Keller Paul A.
Published: February 2016

Derivative (Vb) shows promising activity against three different cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Friedel—Crafts Reactions of N‐Substituted Glyoxylamide with Indoles Catalyzed by Broensted Acid.
Authors: Zhan Zhen , Li Renjun , Zheng Yang , Zhou Yan , Hai Li , Wu Yong
Published: February 2016

The title reaction gives substituted indoles [e.g. (III)] when AcOH is used as reagent, while bisindoles are obtained when 2 M HCl is used as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Benzo[b]carbazolediones.
Authors: Do Hoang Huy , Tran Hung Quang , Ohlendorf Lars , Ngo Thang Ngoc , Dang Tuan Thanh , Ehlers Peter , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter
Published: February 2016

The two‐step three component reaction is based on the aryl or alkylamination of 2,3‐dibromonaphthoquinone followed by Suzuki‐coupling with (2‐bromophenyl)boronic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Conformationally Restricted Apoptosis Inhibitors Bearing a Triazole Moiety.
Authors: Corredor Miriam , Garrido Maria , Bujons Jordi , Orzaez Mar , Perez‐Paya Enrique , Alfonso Ignacio , Messeguer Angel
Published: February 2016

Using an Ugi four‐component reaction and subsequent treatment of the crude products with base allows the synthesis of β‐lactams (V) and/or pyridazinediones.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of 1,3,4‐Thiadiazole and 1,3‐Thiazole Derivatives Having 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole Moiety.
Authors: Dawood Kamal M. , Gomha Sobhi M.
Published: February 2016

Thiourea (I) is used as starting material in the synthesis of some 1,3,4‐thiadiazole and 1,3‐thiazole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyridine—Hydrazones as N,N′‐Ligands in Asymmetric Catalysis: Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Addition of Boronic Acids to Cyclic Sulfonylketimines.
Authors: Alvarez‐Casao Yolanda , Monge David , Alvarez Eleuterio , Fernandez Rosario , Lassaletta Jose M.
Published: February 2016

The title reaction delivers the products in high yields and with very high enantiomeric excess, and is applicable to the corresponding addition to 1,2,5‐thiadiazole‐1,1‐dioxides.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver Tetrafluoroborate‐Catalyzed Oxa‐Diels—Alder Reaction Between Electrically Neutral Dienes and Aldehydes.
Authors: Zou Xiaodong , Yang Lizheng , Liu Xiangli , Sun Hao , Lu Hongjian
Published: February 2016

Chemoselective oxa‐Diels—Alder reactions between 1,3‐dienes and various aldehydes are achieved using the commercially available AgBF4 as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)/(III)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Piperidines; Valency‐Controlled Cyclization Modes.
Authors: Morita Nobuyoshi , Tsunokake Tomonori , Narikiyo Yuji , Harada Mayuka , Tachibana Tatsuyuki , Saito Yuta , Ban Shintaro , Hashimoto Yoshimitsu , Okamoto Iwao , Tamura Osamu
Published: February 2016

Depending on the catalyst propargylic alcohols (I) undergo either Meyer—Schuster rearrangement followed by aza‐Michael addition to give piperidines (II) or undergo direct cyclization to form alkynylated piperidines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Catalyzed ortho‐C—H‐Benzoxylation of 2‐Arylpyridines Using Iodobenzene Dibenzoates.
Authors: Zhang Qian , Wang Ying , Yang Tingting , Li Li , Li Dong
Published: February 2016

A highly regioselective ortho C‐H benzoxylation of 2‐arylpyridines is developed using hypervalent iodobenzene compounds (II) and (VII) as both the oxidants and reactants.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel 4‐Acyl‐2‐amino‐6‐sulfanylpyridine‐3,5‐dicarbonitriles.
Authors: Grigor'ev Arthur A. , Karpov Sergey V. , Kayukov Yakov S. , Belikov Mikhail Yu. , Nasakin Oleg E.
Published: February 2016

The heterocyclization reaction of the potassium salt (I) with thiols in the presence of Na or NaH in DMSO gives highly functionalized pyridine derivatives (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Aminoketyl Radicals in Organic Synthesis: Stereoselective Cyclization of Five‐ and Six‐Membered Cyclic Imides to 2‐Azabicycles Using SmI2—H2O.
Authors: Shi Shicheng , Szostak Michal
Published: February 2016

The high‐yielding diastereoselective cyclization reactions tolerate a broad range of substituents containing various functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbamate‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Bromolactamization.
Authors: Cheng Yi An , Yu Wesley Zongrong , Yeung Ying‐Yeung
Published: February 2016

Ethanol is found to be a crucial additive for both the reaction rate and the enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Synthesis of Novel Coelenterazine Derivatives Substituted at the C‐3 Position.
Authors: Vece Vito , Vuocolo Giuseppina
Published: February 2016

A three‐component Groebke—Blackburn—Bienayme reaction is used as key‐step in the synthesis of novel coelenterazine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Potassium tert‐Butoxide‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Benzofuroazepines via Cyclization of (2‐Alkynylbenzyl)oxy Nitriles.
Authors: Gai Rafaela , Back Davi F. , Zeni Gilson
Published: February 2016

The anionic cyclization of title compounds (I) in the presence of tBuOK proceeds through a sequential intramolecular 5‐exo‐dig mode followed by a 7‐endo‐dig cyclization to give benzofuroazepines (II) via formation of two new C—C bonds.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Oxidative C—H Phosphonation of Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines and Related Heteroarenes Mediated by Manganese(III) Acetate.
Authors: Yadav Mahipal , Dara Saidulu , Saikam Varma , Kumar Mukesh , Aithagani Sravan Kumar , Paul Satya , Vishwakarma Ram A. , Singh Parvinder Pal
Published: February 2016

The Mn(III)‐promoted oxidative phosphonation between imidazopyridine (I) and related derivatives is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Michael Additions of a β‐Oxophosphonate to Nitroalkenes in the Presence of Chiral Diamine Complexes.
Authors: Reznikov Alexander N. , Sibiryakova Anastasiya E. , Rybakov Victor B. , Klimochkin Yuriy N.
Published: February 2016

Highly enantioenriched α‐nitroalkyl substituted β‐oxo phosphonates are prepared by the asymmetric Michael addition of dimethyl (2‐oxo‐2‐phenylethyl)phosphonate to nitrostyrenes in the presence of the shown catalyst (NIC).
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Triterpenoid Saponins from Notoginseng Medicinal Fungal Substance.
Authors: Xu Wei , Ding Cai‐Feng , Wang Xin‐Wen , Liu Xiao‐Li , Qiu Zhi‐Dong
Published: February 2016

Isolation and structure‐determination of ginsenoside Rh10 (I) and notoginsenoside ST‐6 (II) are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: A Rapid and Efficient One‐Pot Method for the Reduction of N‐Protected α‐Amino Acids to Chiral α‐Amino Aldehydes Using CDI/DIBAL‐H.
Authors: Ivkovic Jakov , Lembacher‐Fadum Christian , Breinbauer Rolf
Published: February 2016

N‐Protected amino acids (I) and (III) are readily converted into the corresponding chiral aldehydes in a one‐pot reaction by activation with CDI followed by reduction with DIBAL‐H.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Hydration of Glycosyl Cyanides to C‐Glycosyl Formamides Using Ruthenium Complexes in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Misra Anup Kumar , Bokor Eva , Kun Sandor , Bolyog‐Nagy Evelin , Katho Agnes , Joo Ferenc , Somsak Laszlo
Published: February 2016

A wide variety of glycosyl cyanides such as (I) are converted into the corresponding formamide derivatives in water or water/NMP mixtures as the solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Role of the Interface in Base‐Metal Ceria‐Based Catalysts for Hydrogen Purification and Production Processes
Authors: Kubacka A. , Martinez‐Arias A. , Fernandez‐Garcia M.
Published: February 2016

Review: 99 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Noble‐Metal‐Free Molybdenum Disulfide Cocatalyst for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Yuan Yong‐Jun , Lu Hong‐Wei , Yu Zhen‐Tao , Zou Zhi‐Gang
Published: February 2016

Review: 114 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Coupled Electron Transfer of Metal—Oxygen Intermediates
Authors: Fukuzumi Shunichi , Ohkubo Kei , Lee Yong‐Min , Nam Wonwoo
Published: February 2016

Review: 102 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Engineering of Coordination Polymers Containing Flexible Bis‐pyridyl‐bis‐amide Ligands
Authors: Thapa Kedar Bahadur , Chen Jhy‐Der
Published: February 2016

Review: 115 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Development of Pharmacologically Active Compounds that Contain a Benzoxazole Scaffold
Authors: Singh Sarbjit , Veeraswamy Gajulapati , Bhattarai Deepak , Goo Ja‐Il , Lee Kyeong , Choi Yongseok
Published: February 2016

Review: advancements in the development of these biologically active heterocyclic compounds since the year 2000; 181 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in First‐Row‐Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Coupling of C(sp3)‐H Bonds
Authors: Miao Jinmin , Ge Haibo
Published: February 2016

Review: [recent progress in two classes of first‐row transition‐metal‐catalyzed dehydrogenative reaction of C(sp3)—H bonds: (1) intramolecular cyclizations for C—C bond formation, and (2) directed site‐selective C—H functionalizations; 33 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquids Beyond Simple Solvents: Glimpses at the State of the Art in Organic Chemistry
Authors: Kuchenbuch Andrea , Giernoth Ralf
Published: February 2016

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Catalysis in Thiolation and Selenation Reactions of Alkynes Leading to Chalcogen‐Substituted Alkenes and Dienes
Authors: Orlov Nikolai V.
Published: February 2016

Review: [73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Corrin Syntheses. Part 4. Synthesis of Corrin Complexes via (A→B) Ring Closure. Coupling of Hemicorrinoid A/D und B/C Components to Corrin by Imidoester—Enamine Condensations
Authors: Bertele Erhard , Scheffold Rolf , Gschwend Heinz , Pesaro Mario , Fischli Albert , Roth Martin , Schossig Juergen , Eschenmoser Albert
Published: February 2016

Review: [45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Corrin Syntheses. Part 6. Corrin Synthesis via (A→D) Ring Closure. The Construction of A/D‐Secocorrin Chromophore Systems by the “Sulfide Contraction” Method and the Photochemical A/B‐Secocorrin→Corrin Cycloisomerization
Authors: Eschenmoser Albert , et al.
Published: February 2016

Review: [104 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Routes to Coelenterazine and Other Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrazin‐3‐one Luciferins: Essential Tools for Bioluminescence‐Based Investigations
Authors: Coutant Eloi P. , Janin Yves L.
Published: February 2016

Review: [117 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Cross‐Electrophile Coupling by Dual Catalysis
Authors: Hanna Luke E. , Jarvo Elizabeth R.
Published: February 2016

Review: 12 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic, Stereoselective Dihalogenation of Alkenes: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Cresswell Alexander J. , Eey Stanley T.‐C. , Denmark Scott E.
Published: February 2016

Review: [235 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Valorization of the Primary Building Blocks Ammonia and Acetone Featuring Pd‐ and Ni‐Catalyzed Monoarylations
Authors: Schranck Johannes , Rotzler Juergen
Published: February 2016

Review: [55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Plants from the Genus Viola
Authors: Zhu Hong , Qin Shuang‐Shuang , Zhang Na , Yang Da‐Wei , Han Hua‐Rui , Wei Kun‐Hua , Li Min‐Hui
Published: February 2016

Review: 149 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Plants from the Genus Rubus
Authors: Li Jie , Du Long‐Fei , He Ying , Yang Long , Li Yuan‐Yuan , Wang Yue‐Fei , Chai Xin , Zhu Yan , Gao Xiu‐Mei
Published: February 2016

Review: 176 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Properties of Solid Oxygen under Pressure (Review Article)
Authors: Freiman Yu. A.
Published: February 2016

Review: 63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transient Electrochemistry: Beyond Simply Temporal Resolution
Authors: Zhou X.‐S. , Mao B.‐W. , Amatore C. , Compton R. G. , Marignier J.‐L. , Mostafavi M. , Nierengarten J.‐F. , Maisonhaute E.
Published: February 2016

Review: 93 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: From Simplicity to Complex Systems with Bioinspired Pseudopeptides
Authors: Alfonso Ignacio
Published: February 2016

Review: [65 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical and Enzymatic Modification of Sophorolipids
Authors: Delbeke E. I. P. , Movsisyan M. , Van Geem K. M. , Stevens C. V.
Published: February 2016

Review: [88 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multi‐Scale Modelling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Bessler Wolfgang G.
Published: February 2016

Review: chemistry, transport of mass, heat, and charge, and structure of electrodes, clls, and stacks; 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Photocatalytic and Photoelectrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 Using Heterogeneous Catalysts with Controlled Nanostructures
Authors: Xie Shunji , Zhang Qinghong , Liu Guodong , Wang Ye
Published: February 2016

Review: [130 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Vitrimers: Permanent Organic Networks with Glass‐Like Fluidity
Authors: Denissen Wim , Winne Johan M. , Du Prez Filip E.
Published: February 2016

Review: 67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Immersion Liquid Techniques in Solid Particle Characterization: A Review
Authors: Niskanen Ilpo , Hibino Kenichi , Raty Jukka
Published: February 2016

Review: 120 refs.
Organization of projection neurons and local neurons of the primary auditory center in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Matsuo Eriko , Seki Haruyoshi , Asai Tomonori , Morimoto Takako , Miyakawa Hiroyoshi , Ito Kei , Kamikouchi Azusa
Published: February 2016

Acoustic communication between insects serves as an excellent model system for analyzing the neuronal mechanisms underlying auditory information processing. The detailed organization of auditory neural circuits in the brain has not yet been described. To understand the central auditory pathways, we used the brain of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as a model and performed a large‐scale analysis of the interneurons associated with the primary auditory center. By screening expression driver strains and performing single‐cell labeling of these strains, we identified 44 types of interneurons innervating the primary auditory center. Five types were local interneurons whereas the other 39 types were projection interneurons connecting the primary auditory center with other brain regions. The projection neurons comprised three frequency‐selective pathways and two frequency‐embracive pathways. Mapping of their connection targets revealed that five neuropils in the brain—the wedge (WED), anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (PVLP), saddle (SAD), and gnathal ganglia (GNG)—were intensively connected with the primary auditory center. In addition, several other neuropils, including visual and olfactory centers in the brain, were directly connected to the primary auditory center. The distribution patterns of the spines and boutons of the identified neurons suggest that auditory information is sent mainly from the primary auditory center to the PVLP, WED, SAD, GNG, and thoracico‐abdominal ganglia. Based on these findings, we established the first comprehensive map of secondary auditory interneurons, which indicates the downstream information flow to parallel ascending pathways, multimodal pathways, and descending pathways. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:1099–1164, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ambient Synthesis of One‐/Two‐Dimensional CuAgSe Ternary Nanotubes as Counter Electrodes of Quantum‐Dot‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Xin Qi , Bai Yang , Li Zhen , Wang Lian Zhou , Dou Shi Xue
Published: February 2016

Invited for this month's cover is the group of Prof. Zhen Li. The highlighted study results from a collaboration between the University of Wollongong, University of Queensland, Soochow University, and Central China Normal University. Ternary copper silver selenide nanotubes were prepared and explored as high‐performance counter electrodes in quantum‐dot‐sensitized solar cells. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cplu.201500466.
Evaluation of flow cytometric HIT assays in relation to an IgG‐Specific immunoassay and clinical outcome
Authors: Kerényi Adrienne , Beke Debreceni Ildikó , Oláh Zsolt , Ilonczai Péter , Bereczky Zsuzsanna , Nagy Béla , Muszbek László , Kappelmayer János
Published: February 2016

Background

Heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a severe side effect of heparin treatment caused by platelet activating IgG antibodies generated against the platelet factor 4 (PF4)–heparin complex. Thrombocytopenia and thrombosis are the leading clinical symptoms of HIT.

Methods

The clinical pretest probability of HIT was evaluated by the 4T score system. Laboratory testing of HIT was performed by immunological detection of antibodies against PF4–heparin complex (EIA) and two functional assays. Heparin‐dependent activation of donor platelets by patient plasma was detected by flow cytometry. Increased binding of Annexin‐V to platelets and elevated number of platelet‐derived microparticles (PMP) were the indicators of platelet activation.

Results

EIA for IgG isotype HIT antibodies was performed in 405 suspected HIT patients. Based on negative EIA results, HIT was excluded in 365 (90%) of cases. In 40 patients with positive EIA test result functional tests were performed. Platelet activating antibodies were detected in 17 cases by Annexin V binding. PMP count analysis provided nearly identical results. The probability of a positive flow cytometric assay result was higher in patients with elevated antibody titer. 71% of patients with positive EIA and functional assay had thrombosis.

Conclusions

EIA is an important first line laboratory test in the diagnosis of HIT; however, HIT must be confirmed by a functional test. Annexin V binding and PMP assays using flow cytometry are functional HIT tests convenient in a clinical diagnostic laboratory. The positive results of functional assays may predict the onset of thrombosis. © 2016 International Clinical Cytometry Society
MicroRNAs in heart failure: from biomarker to target for therapy
Authors: Vegter Eline L. , van der Meer Peter , de Windt Leon J. , Pinto Yigal M. , Voors Adriaan A.
Published: February 2016

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are increasingly recognized to play important roles in cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure. These small, non‐coding RNAs have been identified in tissue and are involved in several pathophysiological processes related to heart failure, such as cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy. As a result, miRNAs have become interesting novel drug targets, leading to the development of miRNA mimics and antimirs. MicroRNAs are also detected in the circulation, and are proposed as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in heart failure. However, their role and function in the circulation remains to be resolved. Here, we review the potential roles of miRNAs as circulating biomarkers and as targets for therapy.
Mixed Alkyl‐Perfluoroalkyl Silver Scorpionates: Synthesis, X‐ray Structures and Stabilizing Substituent Effects
Authors: Loas Andrei , Gorun Sergiu M.
Published: February 2016

We report the synthesis, spectroscopy and X‐ray structural characterization of seven new mixed alkyl‐perfluoroalkyl silver tris(pyrazolyl)borate complexes with the general formula TpRF,CH₃Ag, where RF = CF3 or C2F5. The metal is partly encapsulated in a fluorine‐rich environment and exhibits high Lewis acidity, allowing additional coordination by toluene (Tol), triphenylphosphine (PPh3), methyldiphenylphosphine (PMePh2) and triphenylphosphine oxide (OPPh3). A single‐crystal X‐ray analysis of the new data proposes a structural model that predicts interatomic distances and may rationalize the relative stability of members of this class of compounds. The electronic and steric effects of Tp substituents, combined with those of additional ligands, can lead to remarkably stable compounds, both in solution and the solid state, even when an ion particularly prone to reduction, such as silver(I), is involved.
Low‐Coordinate Phosphorus Compounds
Authors: Müller Christian
Published: February 2016

Guest Editor Christian Müller presents an overview of the papers in this Cluster Issue commemorating the synthesis of the first stable low‐coordinate organophosphorus compound in 1966.
Synthesis and low temperature characterization of iso‐oleic ester derivatives
Authors: Ngo Helen , Latona Renee , Wagner Karen M. , Nuñez Alberto , Ashby Richard , Dunn Robert O.
Published: February 2016

Three new iso‐oleic ester derivatives (i.e., isopropyl ester (IOA‐iPrE, 6), n‐butyl ester (IOA‐n‐BuE, 7), and 2‐ethylhexyl ester (IOA‐2‐EHE, 8)) were synthesized from iso‐oleic acid (IOA, 4) using a standard esterification method. These esterified alcohols were chosen because of their bulky and branched‐chain alkyl groups which can reduce melting point in comparison to a smaller alkyl group such as methyl ester. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), cloud point and pour point results showed that esters 6, 7, and 8 had much lower melting transition temperatures and cold flow properties than the methyl (IOA–FAME, 5) and parent 4. The oxidative and thermal stability by pressure (P‐DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results also showed a very similar trend where the bulkier and branched‐chain alkyl esters had better stability than the smaller headgroup esters.

Practical applications: Since saturated fats have high melting points, they are solids which can be harmful to our health and can cause damage to machinery. There is an urgent need to develop methods to produce fats with low melting points to replace the unwanted fats. In this paper, a series of modified branched‐chain fatty acid ester derivatives (i.e., iso‐oleic acid esters) that are liquid at room temperature with enhanced fluidity were synthesized. These ester fats have been found to perform much better than the original fatty acids and saturated fats. These findings are important as these iso‐oleic ester fats can potentially replace solid materials which are often problematic at low temperatures.

Iso‐oleic ester derivatives containing bulky and branched‐chain alkyl groups exhibit reduce melting point in comparison to a smaller alkyl group such as methyl ester.
Enantiodifferentiating Properties of the Alignment Media PELG and PBLG – A Comparison
Authors: Hansmann Stefanie , Larem (née Montag) Tobias , Thiele Christina M.
Published: February 2016

Homopolypeptide‐based alignment media can induce different orientations of enantiomers as a result of their α‐helical structures. This property enables the discrimination of enantiomers through anisotropic NMR parameters such as residual dipolar couplings (RDCs). In this paper, the enantiodiscriminating properties of two alignment media derived from polyglutamic acid derivatives – poly‐γ‐benzyl‐L‐glutamate (PBLG) and poly‐γ‐ethyl‐L‐glutamate (PELG) – are compared and discussed. The two analytes, isopinocampheol and β‐pinene, are investigated, and the role of the lateral side chain of the homopolypeptide in the orientation process is examined.
Rhodium‐Catalysed Enantioselective C–H Functionalization in Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: Motevalli Somayeh , Sokeirik Yasser , Ghanem Ashraf
Published: February 2016

In this review, recent advances in the utilization of two classes of rhodium catalysts – namely rhodium(I) and rhodium(III) – in complexation with chiral cyclopentadienyl and phosphorus ligands in inter‐ and intramolecular asymmetric C–H bond activation/functionalization of aromatic and vinylic compounds is discussed. Because Rh complexes have been shown to be excellent catalysts for enantioselective alkylation, olefination and allylation of π systems through directed C–H functionalization under very mild conditions, this method has been seen to have broad synthetic potential both in organic chemistry and in biological systems. Moreover, selective conversion of ubiquitous C–H bonds into functional groups without intermediate preactivation is useful for shortening reaction sequences, with high environmental and economic benefits.
An Electrochemical Sensing Strategy for Amantadine Detection Based on Competitive Host‐guest Interaction of Methylene Blue/β‐cyclodextrin/Poly(N‐acetylaniline) Modified Electrode
Authors: Hao Xia , Li Na , Xu Zhen , Li Nian Bing , Luo Hong Qun
Published: February 2016

A novel electrochemical strategy for the detection of amantadine (AMD) has been developed based on the competitive host‐guest interaction of AMD and methylene blue (MB) with β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD). Due to the host‐guest interaction, MB molecules can enter into the hydrophobic inner cavity of β‐CD, and the MB/β‐CD/poly(N‐acetylaniline)/glassy carbon electrode displays a remarkable reduction peak due to MB. In the presence of AMD, competitive association to β‐CD occurs and the MB molecules are displaced by AMD, resulting in a decrease of reduction peak current of MB. The difference value of the cathodic peak current showed a linear relationship with the AMD concentration.
Enzymatic removal of N‐glycans by PNGase F coated magnetic microparticles
Authors: Bodnar Judit , Szekrenyes Akos , Szigeti Marton , Jarvas Gabor , Krenkova Jana , Foret Frantisek , Guttman Andras
Published: February 2016

Investigation of protein glycosylation is an important area in biomarker discovery and biopharmaceutical research. Alterations in protein N‐glycosylation can be an indication of changes in pathological conditions in the medical field or production parameters of biotherapeutics. Rapid development of these disciplines calls for fast, high‐throughput, and reproducible methods to analyze protein N‐glycosylation. Currently used methods require either long deglycosylation times or large excess of enzymes. In this paper, we report on the use of PNGase F immobilization onto the surface of magnetic microparticles and their use in rapid and efficient removal of N‐glycans from glycoproteins. The use of immobilized PNGase F also allowed reusability of the enzyme‐coated beads as the magnetic microparticles can be readily partitioned from the sample by a magnet after each deglycosylation reaction. The efficiency and activity of the PNGase F coated magnetic beads was compared with in‐solution enzyme reactions using standard glycoproteins possessing the major N‐glycan types of neutral, high mannose, and highly sialylated carbohydrates. The PNGase F coated magnetic beads offered comparable deglycosylation level to the conventional in‐solution based method in 10‐min reaction times for the model glycoproteins of immunoglobulin G (mostly neutral carbohydrates), ribonuclease B (high mannose type sugars), and fetuin (highly sialylated oligosaccharides) with the special features of easy removal of the enzyme from the reaction mixture and reusability.
Pressurized Operation of a Planar Solid Oxide Cell Stack
Authors: Jensen S. H. , Sun X. , Ebbesen S. D. , Chen M.
Published: February 2016

Solid oxide cells (SOCs) can be operated either as fuel cells (SOFC) to convert fuels to electricity or as electrolyzers (SOEC) to convert electricity to fuels such as hydrogen or methane. Pressurized operation of SOCs provide several benefits on both cell and system level. If successfully matured, pressurized SOEC based electrolyzers can become more efficient both energy‐ and cost‐wise than PEM and Alkaline systems. Pressurization of SOFCs can significantly increase the cell power density and reduce the size of auxiliary components. In the present study, a SOC stack was successfully operated at pressures up to 25 bar. The pressure dependency of the measured current‐voltage (I–V) curves and impedance spectra on the SOC stack are analyzed and the relation between various system parameters and pressure is derived. With increasing pressure the open circuit voltage (OCV) and the reaction kinetics (electrode performance) increases for thermodynamic and kinetic reasons, respectively. Further, the summit frequency of the gas concentration impedance arc and the pressure difference across the stack and heat exchangers is seen to decrease with increasing pressure following a power‐law expression. Finally a durability test was conducted at 10 bar.
Prediction of Climate Change Impact on Corn Grown in the South of Morocco Using the Saltmed Model
Authors: Hirich Abdelaziz , Fatnassi Hicham , Ragab Ragab , Choukr‐Allah Redouane
Published: February 2016

Climate change is currently considered a major concern for humanity. Future climate projections carried out for the Souss region in the south of Morocco show that temperature will increase by 3 °C and precipitation will dramatically decrease by 63% towards the end of the twenty‐first century. This will have negative impacts on water resource availability in the Souss region which is already suffering from water scarcity. In this study, 'baseline data' based on field experiments, as well as climate change scenarios, were implemented in the SALTMED model to simulate climate change impact. After successful calibration and validation of the SALTMED model for three growing seasons with supplied ‘baseline data’ for Sweet corn, the SALTMED model was run in forecasting mode to obtain future projections of crop evapotranspiration and crop productivity under a changing climate. The obtained results suggested that with increasing temperature, crop evapotranspiration is expected to increase by 15% while crop water requirements are expected to decrease by 13% as a result of the shortening growth season of corn, expected to be 20 days earlier. Crop productivity could exhibit a reduction of 2.5% towards the end of the twenty‐first century. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forecasting with Global Vector Autoregressive Models: a Bayesian Approach
Authors: Cuaresma Jesús Crespo , Feldkircher Martin , Huber Florian
Published: February 2016

This paper develops a Bayesian variant of global vector autoregressive (B‐GVAR) models to forecast an international set of macroeconomic and financial variables. We propose a set of hierarchical priors and compare the predictive performance of B‐GVAR models in terms of point and density forecasts for one‐quarter‐ahead and four‐quarter‐ahead forecast horizons. We find that forecasts can be improved by employing a global framework and hierarchical priors which induce country‐specific degrees of shrinkage on the coefficients of the GVAR model. Forecasts from various B‐GVAR specifications tend to outperform forecasts from a naive univariate model, a global model without shrinkage on the parameters and country‐specific vector autoregressions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lack of Dystrophin Affects Bronchial Epithelium in mdx Mice
Authors: Morici Giuseppe , Rappa Francesca , Cappello Francesco , Pace Elisabetta , Pace Andrea , Mudò Giuseppa , Crescimanno Grazia , Belluardo Natale , Bonsignore Maria R.
Published: February 2016

Mild exercise training may positively affect the course of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). Training causes mild bronchial epithelial injury in both humans and mice, but no study assessed the effects of exercise in mdx mice, a well known model of DMD. The airway epithelium was examined in mdx (C57BL/10ScSn‐Dmdmdx) mice, and in wild type (WT, C57BL/10ScSc) mice either under sedentary conditions (mdx‐SD, WT‐SD) or during mild exercise training (mdx‐EX, WT‐EX). At baseline, and after 30 and 45 days of training (5 d/wk for 6 weeks), epithelial morphology and markers of regeneration, apoptosis, and cellular stress were assessed. The number of goblet cells in bronchial epithelium was much lower in mdx than in WT mice under all conditions. At 30 days, epithelial regeneration (PCNA positive cells) was higher in EX than SD animals in both groups; however, at 45 days, epithelial regeneration decreased in mdx mice irrespective of training, and the percentage of apoptotic (TUNEL positive) cells was higher in mdx‐EX than in WT‐EX mice. Epithelial expression of HSP60 (marker of stress) progressively decreased, and inversely correlated with epithelial apoptosis (r = −0.66, P = 0.01) only in mdx mice. Lack of dystrophin in mdx mice appears associated with defective epithelial differentiation, and transient epithelial regeneration during mild exercise training. Hence, lack of dystrophin might impair repair in bronchial epithelium, with potential clinical consequences in DMD patients. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2218–2223, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The influence of atmospheric circulation on the water level on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea
Authors: Girjatowicz Józef P. , Świątek Małgorzata , Wolski Tomasz
Published: February 2016

The research focused on the relationships between atmospheric circulation patterns and the water level on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea. Monthly values of water levels were used, recorded between 1961 and 2010 in Wismar, Warnemünde, Sassnitz, Świnoujście, Kołobrzeg, Ustka and Władysławowo. To establish and examine the relationships between the water levels (dependent variable) and the number of days of atmospheric circulation patterns (independent variable), the correlation and regression analysis were conducted. The strongest relationships occur in the months of the cold season (November–March), especially in January, February and March, with the statistical significance of α = 0.01 (usually α = 0.001), mainly due to considerable atmospheric circulation activity. Relationships with the onshore circulation (W+NW+N) are slightly stronger than with the seaward circulation (E+SE+S). The intensity of these relationships grows eastwards (Ustka, Władysławowo), where the water levels are higher, their amplitudes and standard deviations are larger and the coastal exposure is more favourable. It is where in winter (December–February) the correlation coefficients exceed |0.80|. The relationships in the months of the warm season (April–October) are visibly weaker, especially with the E+SE+S circulation in the west part of the southern coast of the Baltic Sea (Wismar, Warnemünde), where they are statistically insignificant. The asynchronous relationships of water levels with atmospheric circulation are usually weaker than the synchronous ones. However, on the west coast (Wismar, Warnemünde), the asynchronous relationships, especially with the E+SE+S circulation with 1‐month delay, are usually stronger than the synchronous ones. They may have a prognostic value. The longer the intervals between the studied variables are, the weaker the relationships become.
Observed trends and impacts of tropical cyclones in the Philippines
Authors: Cinco Thelma A. , de Guzman Rosalina G. , Ortiz Andrea Monica D. , Delfino Rafaela Jane P. , Lasco Rodel D. , Hilario Flaviana D. , Juanillo Edna L. , Barba Rose , Ares Emma D.
Published: February 2016

An analysis of tropical cyclone (TC) data from 1951 to 2013 in the Philippines revealed that an average of 19.4 TCs enter the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) every year and nine TCs cross the country. Time series analysis of the TC datasets shows no significant trends in the annual number of TCs in PAR but a slightly decreasing trend in the number of landfalling TCs in the Philippines, particularly in the last two decades. However, while the analysis shows fewer typhoons (above 118 kph), more extreme TCs (above 150 kph) have affected the Philippines. The study also confirms that the Northern island of Luzon is most frequently hit by TCs, and that TC‐associated rainfall is greatest in this region compared to the southernmost part of the country. The impact of TCs shows a consistently increasing trend in economic losses and damages. Further understanding of past and future trends of TC activity in the Western North Pacific Basin, and the PAR, including the impacts associated with them, will provide valuable insights for climate change adaptation and disaster risk management.
Environmental effects on soil NO concentrations and root N uptake in beech and spruce forests
Authors: Dong Fang , Simon Judy , Rienks Michael , Schäffer Jürgen , von Wilpert Klaus , Rennenberg Heinz
Published: February 2016

This study aimed to investigate the shifts in net nitrogen (N) uptake and N compounds of fine roots over the vegetation period (i.e., spring, summer, autumn) and correlate this with NO concentration in the soil. Soil NO concentration was measured using gas lysimeters for collection and a chemiluminescence analyzer for quantification. Net N uptake by the roots was determined using the 15N enrichment technique. N pools were quantified using spectrophotometric techniques. Soil NO concentrations at beech and spruce forest sites were highest in spring (June), and lowest in winter (December). Total N of the roots was similar during the seasons and between the two years under study despite considerable variation of different N compounds. Net N uptake generally increased with higher N supply. Correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between soil NO concentration and net N uptake only for spruce trees. This relationship seemed to be modulated by environmental factors and tree species.
Drought effects on C, N, and P nutrition and the antioxidative system of beech seedlings depend on geographic origin
Authors: Netzer Florian , Thöm Carolin , Celepirovic Nevenka , Ivankovic Mladen , Alfarraj Saleh , Dounavi Aikaterini , Simon Judy , Herschbach Cornelia , Rennenberg Heinz
Published: February 2016

In future, prolonged summer drought and heat will constitute a major risk for the cultivation of shallow‐rooting beech in Central Europe and will negatively affect the productivity of beech forests. In a pot experiment under controlled conditions, the influence of long‐term (28 d) water deprivation on nitrogen (N), carbon (C), phosphate (Pi), and ascorbate (ASC) concentrations was examined in leaves and fine roots of beech seedlings (Fagus sylvaticaL.) from six provenances originating from Central Europe (Germany: Neidenstein and Illertissen, intermediate habitats), the Balkan peninsula (Croatia: Zagreb and Gospic, wet habitats), and Southeast Europe (Bulgaria: Kotel, Greece: Paikos; dry habitats). The goal of the study was to identify beech provenances well adapted to water limitation during summer drought events. Our results suggest that N might be involved in the alleviation of water scarcity, whereas Pimight become a limiting factor for forest growth during drought periods. Drought stress resulted in significant changes of ASC pools in leaves and fine roots and the ASC redox state. Under well‐watered and under drought conditions, ASC in leaves was the most important factor causing differences between the provenances examined. Finally, a link between P nutrition and the capacity of antioxidative stress defense by ascorbate could be highlighted. Based on observations from this study, beech seedlings from three origins (Paikos, Zagreb, and Neidenstein) might constitute beech provenances well adapted to water shortage in summer. This conclusion is drawn from the high potential of these provenances to alleviate oxidative stress during water shortage.
An efficient method for the collection of root mucilage from different plant species—A case study on the effect of mucilage on soil water repellency
Authors: Zickenrott Ina‐Maria , Woche Susanne K. , Bachmann Jörg , Ahmed Mutez A. , Vetterlein Doris
Published: February 2016

Root mucilage may play a prominent role in understanding root water uptake and, thus, there is revived interest in studying the function of root mucilage. However, mucilage research is hampered by the tedious procedures of mucilage collection. We developed a mucilage separator which utilizes low centrifugal forces (570 rpm) to separate the mucilage from seminal roots without the need of handling individual seeds or removing the germinated seeds from the tray/mesh to a centrifuge tube. For the different plant species, between 1 and 3.7 mL tray−1 of hydrated mucilage could be produced, with 6 trays being handled successively within 45 min. For Triticum aestivum, which showed a dry matter content of 0.5%, this was equivalent to 98.6 mg mucilage dry matter. The lowest total production was found for Zea mays with just 34 mg dry matter. The amounts of mucilage produced normalized to root tip agree well with literature data.

The mucilage obtained by the new method was used to measure its effect on repellency of soil as this property directly relates to the phenomenon of lower rhizosphere soil water content during rewetting. It could be shown that repellency of the rhizosphere is affected by the quantity as well as by species‐dependent quality of mucilage in the rhizosphere. Among the species tested (Lupinus albus, Vicia faba, Zea mays, Triticum aestivum), the largest differences were observed between the two legumes. For Zea mays seminal root mucilage obtained with the new system was compared to mucilage of air born brace roots. The differences between these two mucilages, representing different root orders, indicate clearly that there is still a need for methods which enable the investigation of roots from older plants.
Quantification and identification of microorganisms found on shell and kernel of fresh edible chestnuts in Michigan
Authors: Donis‐González Irwin R , Guyer Daniel E , Fulbright Dennis W
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUND

Chestnut is a relatively new cultivated crop for Michigan, and postharvest loss due to decay has been problematic as production has increased each year. In 2007, more than 25% of chestnuts were lost to postharvest decay, equivalent to approximately 5300 kg of fresh product. To determine the organisms responsible for decay, a microbiological survey was performed in 2006 and 2007 to identify microorganisms involved in postharvest shell (external surface) mold and internal kernel (edible portion) decay of chestnuts.

RESULTS

Filamentous fungi including Penicillium expansum, Penicillium griseofulvum, Penicillium chrysogenum, Coniophora puteana, Acrospeira mirabilis, Botryosphaeria ribis, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botryotinia fuckeliana (anamorph Botrytis cinerea) and Gibberella sp. (anamorph Fusarium sp.) were the predominant microorganisms that negatively impacted fresh chestnuts. Populations of microorganisms varied between farms, harvesting methods and chestnut parts.

CONCLUSION

Chestnuts harvested from the orchard floor were significantly (P < 0.05) more contaminated than chestnuts harvested directly from the tree, by more than 2 log colony‐forming units (CFU) g−1. In addition, a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the microbial population was seen between chestnuts submitted by different growers, with average count ranges of fungi, mesophilic aerobic bacteria (MAB) and yeasts equal to 4.75, 4.59 and 4.75 log CFU g−1 respectively. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Addressing inherited predisposition for breast cancer in transplant recipients
Authors: Yang Rachel L. , Kurian Allison W. , Winton Lisa M. , Weill David , Patel Kapilkumar , Kingham Kerry , Wapnir Irene L.
Published: February 2016

Consideration of prophylactic mastectomy surgery following transplantation requires complex medical decision‐making, and bias against elective surgery exists because of concern for post‐operative complications. Prevention of cancer in transplant recipients is of utmost importance, given the risks of treating malignancy in an immunosuppressed patient. We present a patient case and review of the literature to support a thorough pre‐transplantation evaluation of family history and consideration of prophylactic interventions to safeguard the quality of life of transplant recipients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:605–608. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The accuracy of computation of mode propagation constants for planar gradient waveguides in the frequency domain
Authors: Fitio V. M. , Romakh V. V. , Bartkiv L. V. , Bobitski Y. V.
Published: February 2016

The possibilities of numerical method for solving of wave equation of gradient planar waveguide in a frequency domain are investigated. The method is based on the Fourier transform of wave equation and on a solution of transformed equation by numerical method. Finally, a task of finding of propagation constants and Fourier transforms of fields in a discrete form is reduced to the eigenvalue/eigenvector problem. Comparison of searching results of propagation constants obtained by the proposed method, approximate Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin method and accurate analytical methods for some waveguides is carried out. The new method provides a high accuracy when the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem is done, and it is characterized by a high numerical stability.