Οχυρωματικά έργα επί ανανεωσίμων πηγών υδάτων (9ος – 15ος αιώνας)
Authors: Tsouris Konstantinos 
Published: November 2014

<p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%" class="MsoNormal">&Sigma;&tau;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf; &omicron;&iota;&kappa;&iota;&sigma;&mu;&omicron;ύ&sigmaf; &tau;&eta;&sigmaf; &mu;έ&sigma;&eta;&sigmaf; &kappa;&alpha;&iota; ύ&sigma;&tau;&epsilon;&rho;&eta;&sigmaf; &beta;&upsilon;&zeta;&alpha;&nu;&tau;&iota;&nu;ή&sigmaf; &pi;&epsilon;&rho;&iota;ό&delta;&omicron;&upsilon; &omicron; &sigma;&upsilon;&nu;ή&theta;&eta;&sigmaf; &tau;&rho;ό&pi;&omicron;&sigmaf; &kappa;ά&lambda;&upsilon;&psi;&eta;&sigmaf; &tau;&omega;&nu; &alpha;&nu;&alpha;&gamma;&kappa;ώ&nu; &sigma;&epsilon; &nu;&epsilon;&rho;ό ή&tau;&alpha;&nu; &eta; &alpha;&pi;&omicron;&tau;&alpha;&mu;ί&epsilon;&upsilon;&sigma;&eta; &omicron;&mu;&beta;&rho;ί&omega;&nu; &upsilon;&delta;ά&tau;&omega;&nu;. &Omicron;&iota; &pi;&epsilon;&rho;&iota;&sigma;&sigma;ό&tau;&epsilon;&rho;&omicron;&iota; &alpha;&pi;ό &tau;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf; &omicron;&iota;&kappa;&iota;&sigma;&mu;&omicron;ύ&sigmaf; &pi;&omicron;&upsilon; &iota;&delta;&rho;ύ&theta;&eta;&kappa;&alpha;&nu; &mu;&epsilon;&tau;ά &tau;&omicron; &tau;έ&lambda;&omicron;&sigmaf; &tau;&eta;&sigmaf; &alpha;&rho;&chi;&alpha;&iota;ό&tau;&eta;&tau;&alpha;&sigmaf; &beta;&rho;ί&sigma;&kappa;&omicron;&nu;&tau;&alpha;&nu; &sigma;&epsilon; &alpha;&pi;ό&tau;&omicron;&mu;&alpha; &upsilon;&psi;ώ&mu;&alpha;&tau;&alpha; &kappa;&alpha;&iota; έ&tau;&sigma;&iota; &eta; &mu;&epsilon;&tau;&alpha;&phi;&omicron;&rho;ά &upsilon;&delta;ά&tau;&omega;&nu; &alpha;&pi;ό &alpha;&nu;&alpha;&nu;&epsilon;ώ&sigma;&iota;&mu;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &pi;&eta;&gamma;έ&sigmaf; &upsilon;&delta;ά&tau;&omega;&nu; ή&tau;&alpha;&nu; &sigma;&chi;&epsilon;&delta;ό&nu; &alpha;&delta;ύ&nu;&alpha;&tau;&eta;. &Omicron;&iota; &kappa;ά&tau;&omicron;&iota;&kappa;&omicron;&iota; &alpha;&upsilon;&tau;ώ&nu; &tau;&omega;&nu; &omicron;&iota;&kappa;&iota;&sigma;&mu;ώ&nu; ό&phi;&epsilon;&iota;&lambda;&alpha;&nu; &nu;&alpha; &pi;&rho;&omicron;&mu;&eta;&theta;&epsilon;ύ&omicron;&nu;&tau;&alpha;&iota; &tau;&iota;&sigmaf; &alpha;&pi;&alpha;&rho;&alpha;ί&tau;&eta;&tau;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &pi;&omicron;&sigma;ό&tau;&eta;&tau;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &nu;&epsilon;&rho;&omicron;ύ &alpha;&pi;ό &pi;&alpha;&rho;&alpha;&kappa;&epsilon;ί&mu;&epsilon;&nu;&alpha; &upsilon;&delta;ά&tau;&iota;&nu;&alpha; &rho;&epsilon;ύ&mu;&alpha;&tau;&alpha;, &pi;&eta;&gamma;έ&sigmaf; ή &lambda;ί&mu;&nu;&epsilon;&sigmaf;. &Sigma;&epsilon; &kappa;&alpha;&iota;&rho;&omicron;ύ&sigmaf; &epsilon;&iota;&rho;ή&nu;&eta;&sigmaf; &eta; &mu;&epsilon;&tau;&alpha;&phi;&omicron;&rho;ά &nu;&epsilon;&rho;&omicron;ύ &alpha;&pi;ό &tau;&iota;&sigmaf; &pi;&eta;&gamma;έ&sigmaf; &alpha;&upsilon;&tau;έ&sigmaf; &sigma;&tau;&omicron; &epsilon;&sigma;&omega;&tau;&epsilon;&rho;&iota;&kappa;ό &tau;&omega;&nu; &omicron;&chi;&upsilon;&rho;&omega;&mu;έ&nu;&omega;&nu; &epsilon;&gamma;&kappa;&alpha;&tau;&alpha;&sigma;&tau;ά&sigma;&epsilon;&omega;&nu; ή&tau;&alpha;&nu; &kappa;&omicron;&pi;&iota;ώ&delta;&eta;&sigmaf; &mu;&epsilon;&nu; &alpha;&kappa;ί&nu;&delta;&upsilon;&nu;&eta; &delta;&epsilon;. &Kappa;&alpha;&tau;ά &tau;&eta; &delta;&iota;ά&rho;&kappa;&epsilon;&iota;&alpha; ό&mu;&omega;&sigmaf; &pi;&omicron;&lambda;&iota;&omicron;&rho;&kappa;&iota;ώ&nu; &eta; ά&nu;&tau;&lambda;&eta;&sigma;&eta; &nu;&epsilon;&rho;&omicron;ύ &alpha;&pi;ό &pi;&eta;&gamma;έ&sigmaf; &epsilon;&kappa;&tau;ό&sigmaf; &omicron;&chi;&upsilon;&rho;ώ&sigma;&epsilon;&omega;&sigmaf; ή&tau;&alpha;&nu; ά&kappa;&rho;&omega;&sigmaf; &epsilon;&pi;&iota;&kappa;ί&nu;&delta;&upsilon;&nu;&eta;.</p> <p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%" class="MsoNormal">&Omicron;&iota; &kappa;ά&tau;&omicron;&iota;&kappa;&omicron;&iota; &tau;&omega;&nu; &omicron;&chi;&upsilon;&rho;&omega;&mu;έ&nu;&omega;&nu; &omicron;&iota;&kappa;&iota;&sigma;&mu;ώ&nu; &pi;&omicron;&upsilon; &beta;&rho;ί&sigma;&kappa;&omicron;&nu;&tau;&alpha;&nu; &sigma;&epsilon; &alpha;&pi;ό&tau;&omicron;&mu;&alpha; &upsilon;&psi;ώ&mu;&alpha;&tau;&alpha;, &gamma;&iota;&alpha; &nu;&alpha; &epsilon;&xi;&alpha;&sigma;&phi;&alpha;&lambda;ί&sigma;&omicron;&upsilon;&nu; &tau;&eta;&nu; &alpha;&beta;&lambda;&alpha;&beta;ή ά&nu;&tau;&lambda;&eta;&sigma;&eta; &upsilon;&delta;ά&tau;&omega;&nu; &alpha;&pi;ό &tau;&alpha; &pi;&epsilon;&delta;&iota;&nu;ά, &sigma;&epsilon; &omicron;&rho;&iota;&sigma;&mu;έ&nu;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &pi;&epsilon;&rho;&iota;&pi;&tau;ώ&sigma;&epsilon;&iota;&sigmaf; &kappa;&alpha;&tau;&alpha;&sigma;&kappa;&epsilon;ύ&alpha;&sigma;&alpha;&nu; &sigma;ή&rho;&alpha;&gamma;&gamma;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &pi;&omicron;&upsilon; &omicron;&delta;&eta;&gamma;&omicron;ύ&sigma;&alpha;&nu; &sigma;&tau;&iota;&sigmaf; &pi;&eta;&gamma;έ&sigmaf;, &tau;&alpha; &pi;&omicron;&tau;ά&mu;&iota;&alpha; ή &tau;&iota;&sigmaf; &lambda;ί&mu;&nu;&epsilon;&sigmaf;, &epsilon;&nu;ώ &sigma;&epsilon; ά&lambda;&lambda;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &kappa;&alpha;&tau;&alpha;&sigma;&kappa;&epsilon;ύ&alpha;&sigma;&alpha;&nu; &omicron;&chi;&upsilon;&rho;&omega;&mu;&alpha;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ά έ&rho;&gamma;&alpha; &pi;ά&nu;&omega; ή &delta;ί&pi;&lambda;&alpha; &sigma;&tau;&iota;&sigmaf; &pi;&eta;&gamma;έ&sigmaf; ά&nu;&tau;&lambda;&eta;&sigma;&eta;&sigmaf;. &Mu;έ&chi;&rho;&iota; &sigma;ή&mu;&epsilon;&rho;&alpha; &alpha;&nu;&alpha;&phi;έ&rho;&omicron;&nu;&tau;&alpha;&iota; &sigma;&tau;&eta; &sigma;&chi;&epsilon;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ή &beta;&iota;&beta;&lambda;&iota;&omicron;&gamma;&rho;&alpha;&phi;ί&alpha; &delta;ύ&omicron; &epsilon;&iota;&delta;ώ&nu; έ&rho;&gamma;&alpha;. &Tau;&omicron; έ&nu;&alpha; ή&tau;&alpha;&nu; &eta; &kappa;&alpha;&tau;&alpha;&sigma;&kappa;&epsilon;&upsilon;ή &epsilon;&pi;έ&kappa;&tau;&alpha;&sigma;&eta;&sigmaf; &tau;&eta;&sigmaf; &omicron;&chi;ύ&rho;&omega;&sigma;&eta;&sigmaf; ώ&sigma;&tau;&epsilon; &nu;&alpha; &pi;&epsilon;&rho;&iota;&lambda;&eta;&phi;&theta;&epsilon;ί &mu;έ&sigma;&alpha; &sigma;&epsilon; &alpha;&upsilon;&tau;ή&nu; &mu;ί&alpha; &pi;&eta;&gamma;ή ή &nu;&alpha; &beta;&rho;&epsilon;&theta;&epsilon;ί &eta; &omicron;&chi;ύ&rho;&omega;&sigma;&eta; &delta;ί&pi;&lambda;&alpha; &sigma;&epsilon; &mu;ί&alpha; &pi;&eta;&gamma;ή ά&nu;&tau;&lambda;&eta;&sigma;&eta;&sigmaf;. Έ&tau;&sigma;&iota; &alpha;&upsilon;&xi;&alpha;&nu;ό&tau;&alpha;&nu; &omicron; &omicron;&chi;&upsilon;&rho;&omega;&mu;έ&nu;&omicron;&sigmaf; &chi;ώ&rho;&omicron;&sigmaf; &pi;&omicron;&upsilon; &delta;&iota;έ&theta;&epsilon;&tau;&epsilon; &omicron; &omicron;&iota;&kappa;&iota;&sigma;&mu;ό&sigmaf;, &alpha;&lambda;&lambda;ά &eta; &epsilon;&pi;έ&kappa;&tau;&alpha;&sigma;&eta; &alpha;&upsilon;&tau;ή &delta;&epsilon;&nu; &alpha;ύ&xi;&alpha;&nu;&epsilon; &tau;&iota;&sigmaf; &alpha;&mu;&upsilon;&nu;&tau;&iota;&kappa;έ&sigmaf; &delta;&upsilon;&nu;&alpha;&tau;ό&tau;&eta;&tau;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &tau;&omicron;&upsilon; &omicron;&iota;&kappa;&iota;&sigma;&mu;&omicron;ύ ά&mu;&epsilon;&sigma;&alpha;. &Epsilon;ί&tau;&epsilon; &upsilon;&pi;ή&rho;&chi;&epsilon; &epsilon;ί&tau;&epsilon; ό&chi;&iota; &eta; &omicron;&chi;ύ&rho;&omega;&sigma;&eta; &epsilon;&xi;&alpha;&kappa;&omicron;&lambda;&omicron;&upsilon;&theta;&omicron;ύ&sigma;&epsilon; &nu;&alpha; έ&chi;&epsilon;&iota; &tau;&iota;&sigmaf; ί&delta;&iota;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &delta;&upsilon;&nu;&alpha;&tau;ό&tau;&eta;&tau;&epsilon;&sigmaf;. &Eta; &sigma;&upsilon;&mu;&beta;&omicron;&lambda;ή &sigma;&tau;&eta;&nu; ά&mu;&upsilon;&nu;&alpha; ή&tau;&alpha;&nu; έ&mu;&mu;&epsilon;&sigma;&eta;: &epsilon;&phi;&rsquo; ό&sigma;&omicron;&nu; &epsilon;&xi;&alpha;&sigma;&phi;&alpha;&lambda;&iota;&zeta;ό&tau;&alpha;&nu; &eta; &delta;&iota;&alpha;&rho;&kappa;ή&sigmaf; ύ&delta;&rho;&epsilon;&upsilon;&sigma;&eta;, &eta; ά&mu;&upsilon;&nu;&alpha; &epsilon;&xi;&alpha;&rho;&tau;&iota;ό&tau;&alpha;&nu; &alpha;&pi;&omicron;&lambda;ύ&tau;&omega;&sigmaf; &alpha;&pi;ό &tau;&alpha; &omicron;&chi;&upsilon;&rho;&omega;&mu;&alpha;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ά έ&rho;&gamma;&alpha; &kappa;&alpha;&iota; &tau;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf; &pi;&omicron;&lambda;&epsilon;&mu;&iota;&sigma;&tau;έ&sigmaf; &kappa;&alpha;&iota; &delta;&epsilon;&nu; &alpha;&pi;&epsilon;&iota;&lambda;&omicron;ύ&nu;&tau;&alpha;&nu; &alpha;&pi;ό έ&lambda;&lambda;&epsilon;&iota;&psi;&eta; &nu;&epsilon;&rho;&omicron;ύ. &Tau;&omicron; ά&lambda;&lambda;&omicron; &epsilon;ί&delta;&omicron;&sigmaf; έ&rho;&gamma;&omicron;&upsilon; ή&tau;&alpha;&nu; &eta; &kappa;&alpha;&tau;&alpha;&sigma;&kappa;&epsilon;&upsilon;ή &pi;ύ&rho;&gamma;&omicron;&upsilon; &mu;έ&sigma;&alpha; ή &delta;ί&pi;&lambda;&alpha; &sigma;&epsilon; &mu;ί&alpha; &pi;&eta;&gamma;ή ά&nu;&tau;&lambda;&eta;&sigma;&eta;&sigmaf;. &Omicron; &pi;ύ&rho;&gamma;&omicron;&sigmaf; &alpha;&upsilon;&tau;ό&sigmaf; ά&lambda;&lambda;&omicron;&tau;&epsilon; ή&tau;&alpha;&nu; &pi;&alpha;&nu;&tau;&epsilon;&lambda;ώ&sigmaf; &alpha;&nu;&epsilon;&xi;ά&rho;&tau;&eta;&tau;&omicron;&sigmaf; &alpha;&pi;ό &tau;&eta;&nu; &omicron;&chi;ύ&rho;&omega;&sigma;&eta; &tau;&omicron;&upsilon; &omicron;&iota;&kappa;&iota;&sigma;&mu;&omicron;ύ, &epsilon;&nu;ώ &sigma;&epsilon; &kappa;ά&pi;&omicron;&iota;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &pi;&epsilon;&rho;&iota;&pi;&tau;ώ&sigma;&epsilon;&iota;&sigmaf; &sigma;&upsilon;&nu;&delta;&epsilon;ό&tau;&alpha;&nu; &mu;&epsilon; &tau;&epsilon;ί&chi;&omicron;&sigmaf; &mu;&epsilon; &tau;&eta;&nu; &upsilon;&pi;ό&lambda;&omicron;&iota;&pi;&eta; &omicron;&chi;ύ&rho;&omega;&sigma;&eta;. &Sigma;&tau;&omicron; &tau;&epsilon;&lambda;&epsilon;&upsilon;&tau;&alpha;ί&omicron; &epsilon;&nu;&delta;&epsilon;&chi;ό&mu;&epsilon;&nu;&omicron; έ&nu;&alpha;&sigmaf; &beta;&rho;&alpha;&chi;ί&omicron;&nu;&alpha;&sigmaf; &tau;&omicron;&upsilon; &tau;&epsilon;ί&chi;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf; (&gamma;&rho;&alpha;&mu;&mu;&iota;&kappa;ό έ&rho;&gamma;&omicron;) &xi;&epsilon;&kappa;&iota;&nu;&omicron;ύ&sigma;&epsilon; &alpha;&pi;ό &tau;&eta;&nu; &omicron;&chi;ύ&rho;&omega;&sigma;&eta; &tau;&omicron;&upsilon; &alpha;&pi;ό&tau;&omicron;&mu;&omicron;&upsilon; &upsilon;&psi;ώ&mu;&alpha;&tau;&omicron;&sigmaf; &kappa;&alpha;&iota; &kappa;&alpha;&tau;έ&beta;&alpha;&iota;&nu;&epsilon; &sigma;&tau;&alpha; &pi;ό&delta;&iota;&alpha; &tau;&omicron;&upsilon; &upsilon;&psi;ώ&mu;&alpha;&tau;&omicron;&sigmaf;, ό&pi;&omicron;&upsilon; &beta;&rho;&iota;&sigma;&kappa;ό&tau;&alpha;&nu; &eta; &pi;&eta;&gamma;ή ύ&delta;&rho;&epsilon;&upsilon;&sigma;&eta;&sigmaf; (&pi;&eta;&gamma;ή ή &upsilon;&delta;ά&tau;&iota;&nu;&omicron; &rho;&epsilon;ύ&mu;&alpha;). &Pi;ά&nu;&omega; &sigma;&tau;&omicron; &sigma;&eta;&mu;&epsilon;ί&omicron; ά&nu;&tau;&lambda;&eta;&sigma;&eta;&sigmaf; &upsilon;&psi;&omega;&nu;ό&tau;&alpha;&nu; έ&nu;&alpha;&sigmaf; &pi;ύ&rho;&gamma;&omicron;&sigmaf;, &sigma;&tau;&omicron; &epsilon;&sigma;&omega;&tau;&epsilon;&rho;&iota;&kappa;ό &tau;&omicron;&upsilon; &omicron;&pi;&omicron;ί&omicron;&upsilon; &omicron;&iota; &kappa;ά&tau;&omicron;&iota;&kappa;&omicron;&iota; &tau;&omicron;&upsilon; &kappa;ά&sigma;&tau;&rho;&omicron;&upsilon; &mu;&pi;&omicron;&rho;&omicron;ύ&sigma;&alpha;&nu; &nu;&alpha; &alpha;&nu;&tau;&lambda;&omicron;ύ&nu; &nu;&epsilon;&rho;ό &chi;&omega;&rho;ί&sigmaf; &nu;&alpha; &epsilon;&kappa;&tau;ί&theta;&epsilon;&nu;&tau;&alpha;&iota; &sigma;&tau;&alpha; &epsilon;&chi;&theta;&rho;&iota;&kappa;ά &pi;&upsilon;&rho;ά.</p> <p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%" class="MsoNormal">&Omicron;&iota; &alpha;&nu;&omega;&tau;έ&rho;&omega; &kappa;&alpha;&tau;&alpha;&sigma;&kappa;&epsilon;&upsilon;έ&sigmaf; &delta;&epsilon;&nu; ή&tau;&alpha;&nu; &iota;&delta;&iota;&alpha;ί&tau;&epsilon;&rho;&alpha; &delta;&iota;&alpha;&delta;&epsilon;&delta;&omicron;&mu;έ&nu;&epsilon;&sigmaf;, έ&chi;&omicron;&upsilon;&nu; &epsilon;&nu;&tau;&omicron;&pi;&iota;&sigma;&theta;&epsilon;ί &mu;έ&chi;&rho;&iota; &tau;ώ&rho;&alpha; &sigma;&epsilon; &omicron;&chi;&upsilon;&rho;&omega;&mu;έ&nu;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf; &omicron;&iota;&kappa;&iota;&sigma;&mu;&omicron;ύ&sigmaf;, &pi;&omicron;&upsilon; &sigma;&upsilon;&nu;ή&theta;&omega;&sigmaf; &chi;&alpha;&rho;&alpha;&kappa;&tau;&eta;&rho;ί&zeta;&omicron;&nu;&tau;&alpha;&iota; &pi;ό&lambda;&epsilon;&iota;&sigmaf; &kappa;&alpha;&iota; &omicron;&rho;&iota;&sigma;&mu;έ&nu;&omicron;&iota; &alpha;&pi;ό &alpha;&upsilon;&tau;&omicron;ύ&sigmaf; &epsilon;ί&chi;&alpha;&nu; &iota;&delta;&iota;&alpha;ί&tau;&epsilon;&rho;&eta; &sigma;&eta;&mu;&alpha;&sigma;ί&alpha; &sigma;&tau;&eta; &mu;&epsilon;&sigma;&alpha;&iota;&omega;&nu;&iota;&kappa;ή &Beta;&alpha;&lambda;&kappa;&alpha;&nu;&iota;&kappa;ή, &iota;&delta;ί&omega;&sigmaf; &kappa;&alpha;&tau;ά &tau;&eta;&nu; &upsilon;&sigma;&tau;&epsilon;&rho;&omicron;&beta;&upsilon;&zeta;&alpha;&nu;&tau;&iota;&nu;ή &pi;&epsilon;&rho;ί&omicron;&delta;&omicron;.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</p>