bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel approach to portfolio selection using news volume and sentiment
Authors: Ho Kin‐Yip , Wang Kun Tracy , Wang Wanbin Walter
Published: August 2023

In this study, we develop a novel approach to portfolio diversification by integrating information on news volume and sentiment with the k‐nearest neighbors (kNN) algorithm. Our empirical analysis indicates that high news volume contributes to portfolio risk, whereas news sentiment contributes to portfolio return. Based on these findings, we propose a kNN algorithm for portfolio selection. Our in‐sample and out‐of‐sample tests suggest that the proposed kNN portfolio selection approach outperforms the benchmark index portfolio. Overall, we show that incorporating news volume and sentiment into portfolio selection can enhance portfolio performance by improving returns and reducing risk.
Amlodipine in the current management of hypertension
Authors: Wang Ji‐Guang , Palmer Biff F. , Vogel Anderson Katherine , Sever Peter
Published: August 2023

Hypertension is the leading cause of death worldwide, affecting 1.4 billion people. Treatment options include the widely used calcium channel blockers, among which amlodipine, a dihydropyridine, has unique characteristics that distinguish it from other drugs within this class. This review aims to provide an updated overview of the evidence supporting the use of amlodipine over the past 30 years and highlights its cardiovascular benefits in current hypertension management. Amlodipine has low renal clearance (7 mL/min/mg) and long half‐life (35–50 h) and duration of action, which allows it to sustain its anti‐hypertensive effect for more than 24 h following a single dose. Additionally, blood pressure (BP) control is maintained even when a dose has been missed, providing continuous protection in case of incidental noncompliance. It has proven to reduce BP variability and successfully lower BP. Amlodipine also controls BP in patients with a systolic/diastolic BP of 130/80 mm Hg or higher, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease without worsening glycemic or kidney function. Additionally, amlodipine is a wise choice for older adults due to its ability to control BP and protect against stroke and myocardial infarction. Side effects of amlodipine include edema, palpitations, dizziness, and flushing, which are more common with the higher dose of 10 mg. Amlodipine is cost effective and predicted to be cost saving when compared with usual care.
The advantages of crosstalk during the evolution of the BZR1–ARF6–PIF4 (BAP) module
Authors: Diao Runjie , Zhao Mengru , Liu Yannan , Zhang Zhenhua , Zhong Bojian
Published: August 2023

The BAP module, comprising BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 (BZR1), AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 6 (ARF6), and PHYTOCHROME‐INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4), functions as a molecular hub to orchestrate plant growth and development. In Arabidopsis thaliana, components of the BAP module physically interact to form a complex system that integrates light, brassinosteroid (BR), and auxin signals. Little is known about the origin and evolution of the BAP module. Here, we conducted comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses to investigate the evolution and functional diversification of the BAP module. Our results suggest that the BAP module originated in land plants and that the ζ, ε, and γ whole‐genome duplication/triplication events contributed to the expansion of BAP module components in seed plants. Comparative transcriptomic analysis suggested that the prototype BAP module arose in Marchantia polymorpha, experienced stepwise evolution, and became established as a mature regulatory system in seed plants. We developed a formula to calculate the signal transduction productivity of the BAP module and demonstrate that more crosstalk among components enables higher signal transduction efficiency. Our results reveal the evolutionary history of the BAP module and provide insights into the evolution of plant signaling networks and the strategies employed by plants to integrate environmental and endogenous signals.
The Effects of Auricular Acupressure on Menopausal Symptoms, Stress, and Sleep in Postmenopausal Middle‐Aged Women: A Randomized Single‐Blind Sham‐Controlled Trial
Authors: Kim Bomi , Park Hyojung
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Middle‐aged women in the postmenopausal period experience menopause symptoms, stress, and poor sleep quality due to hormonal changes. Nonetheless, most of them recognize such symptoms as an aging process without receiving proper treatment, and there are few nonpharmacologic interventions available.

Methods

This was a randomized single‐masked, sham‐controlled trial. For the intervention group, a vaccaria seed was applied to the auricular points of Shenmen, anterior lobe, adrenal glands, central rim, and endocrine that are related to the menopause symptoms, stress, and sleep while applying a seed to the auricular points not related to the forementioned symptoms to the control group. The Menopause Rating Scale (MRS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), heart rate variability, and electroencephalogram (EEG) were measured before the intervention, 4 weeks after the intervention, and 8 weeks after the intervention. Actigraphy was measured with a Fitbit, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was measured before and after the intervention. The study was registered with the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (KCT0007364).

Results

The MRS showed significant differences over time in the intervention group (F, 22.057;P< .001). There was a significant difference over time in the PSS (F, 22.576;P< .001), stress index measured by heart rate variability (F, 14.027;P= .001), and antistress quotient of the right brain measured by EEG (F, 4.865;P= .033). Sleep quality, measured by the PSQI (t = −4.050,P< .001), and sleep efficiency measured by actigraphy (t = 5.996,P< .001) were found to be significantly different over time in the intervention group.

Discussion

This study demonstrated that auricular acupressure is effective in improving menopause symptoms, stress, and sleep in postmenopausal middle‐aged women. Therefore, auricular acupressure may be a useful nonpharmacologic intervention for alleviating these symptoms in this population.
Phospholipid cofactor solubilization inhibits formation of native prions
Authors: Schwind Abigail M. , Walsh Daniel J. , Burke Cassandra M. , Supattapone Surachai
Published: August 2023

Cofactor molecules are required to generate infectious mammalian prions in vitro. Mouse and hamster prions appear to have different cofactor preferences: Whereas both mouse and hamster prions can use phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) as a prion cofactor, only hamster prions can also use single‐stranded RNA as an alternative cofactor. Here, we investigated the effect of detergent solubilization on rodent prion formation in vitro. We discovered that detergents that can solubilize PE (n‐octylglucoside, n‐octylgalactoside, and CHAPS) inhibit mouse prion formation in serial protein misfolding cyclic amplification (sPMCA) reactions using bank vole brain homogenate substrate, whereas detergents that are unable to solubilize PE (Triton X‐100 and IPEGAL) have no effect. For all three PE‐solubilizing detergents, inhibition of RML mouse prion formation was only observed above the critical micellar concentration (CMC). Two other mouse prion strains, Me7 and 301C, were also inhibited by the three PE‐solubilizing detergents but not by Triton X‐100 or IPEGAL. In contrast, none of the detergents inhibited hamster prion formation in parallel sPMCA reactions using the same bank vole brain homogenate substrate. In reconstituted sPMCA reactions using purified substrates, n‐octylglucoside inhibited hamster prion formation when immunopurified bank vole PrPC substrate was supplemented with brain phospholipid but not with RNA. Interestingly, phospholipid cofactor solubilization had no effect in sPMCA reactions using bacterially expressed recombinant PrP substrate, indicating that the inhibitory effect of solubilization requires PrPC post‐translational modifications. Overall, these in vitro results show that the ability of PE to facilitate the formation of native but not recombinant prions requires phospholipid bilayer integrity, suggesting that membrane structure may play an important role in prion formation in vivo.

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Two new mouse models of Gjb1‐associated Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1X
Authors: Tadenev A. L. D. , Hatton C. L. , Pattavina B. , Mullins T. , Schneider R. , Bogdanik L. P. , Burgess Robert W.
Published: August 2023

Background

Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1X is caused by mutations in GJB1, which is the second most common gene associated with inherited peripheral neuropathy. The GJB1 gene encodes connexin 32 (CX32), a gap junction protein expressed in myelinating glial cells. The gene is X‐linked, and the mutations cause a loss of function.

Aims

A large number of disease‐associated variants have been identified, and many result in mistrafficking and mislocalization of the protein. An existing knockout mouse lacking Gjb1 expression provides a valid animal model of CMT1X, but the complete lack of protein may not fully recapitulate the disease mechanisms caused by aberrant CX32 proteins. To better represent the spectrum of human CMT1X‐associated mutations, we have generated a new Gjb1 knockin mouse model.

Methods

CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing was used to produce mice carrying the R15Q mutation in Gjb1. In addition, we identified a second allele with an early frame shift mutation in codon 7 (del2). Mice were analyzed using clinically relevant molecular, histological, neurophysiological, and behavioral assays.

Results

Both alleles produce protein detectable by immunofluorescence in Schwann cells, with some protein properly localizing to nodes of Ranvier. However, both alleles also result in peripheral neuropathy with thinly myelinated and demyelinated axons, as well as degenerating and regenerating axons, predominantly in distal motor nerves. Nerve conduction velocities were only mildly reduced at later ages and compound muscle action potential amplitudes were not reduced. Levels of neurofilament light chain in plasma were elevated in both alleles. The del2 mice have an onset at ~3 months of age, whereas the R15Q mice had a later onset at 5–6 months of age, suggesting a milder loss of function. Both alleles performed comparably to wild type littermates in accelerating rotarod and grip strength tests of neuromuscular performance.

Interpretation

We have generated and characterized two new mouse models of CMT1X that will be useful for future mechanistic and preclinical studies.
A systematic review to evaluate the efficacy of azelaic acid in the management of acne, rosacea, melasma and skin aging
Authors: King Sarah , Campbell Jo , Rowe Rebecca , Daly Marie‐Louise , Moncrieff George , Maybury Catriona
Published: August 2023

Background

Topical azelaic acid (AA) is indicated for acne and rosacea, but there is some evidence for its use for other dermatological conditions.

Aims

To assess the effectiveness and safety of topical AA for acne vulgaris, rosacea, hyperpigmentation/melasma, and skin aging.

Methods

RCTs of at least 6 weeks' treatment duration were eligible for inclusion. Databases including MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched up to December 2022. Two reviewers were involved in all stages of the systematic review process.

Results

Forty‐three RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Meta‐analyses within 20 rosacea studies demonstrated that erythema severity, inflammatory lesion counts, overall improvement, and treatment success (achieving skin clarity) were significantly improved with AA compared with vehicle after 12 weeks. AA was more effective than metronidazole 0.75% for improved erythema severity, overall improvement, and inflammatory lesion counts. Sixteen acne studies suggest that AA is more effective than vehicle for improving global assessments and reducing acne severity. AA 20% also significantly reduced more lesions than erythromycin gel. Within seven melasma studies, AA 20% was significantly better than vehicle for both severity and global improvement. AA 20% demonstrated significantly better results compared with hydroquinone 2% for global improvement. Very few significant differences between AA and comparators were observed for commonly reported adverse events. No eligible RCTs were found that evaluated skin aging.

Conclusions

AA is more effective than vehicle for rosacea, acne and melasma. Comparisons between AA and other treatments were often equivalent. Where there is equivalence, AA may be a good option for some clinical situations. RCT evidence is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of AA on skin aging.
LMXSC Elicits Hubristic Pride and Social Undermining in Individuals with High Trait Dominance
Authors: Korman Benjamin A. , Tröster Christian , Giessner Steffen R.
Published: August 2023

A consensus in the literature has converged on the idea that one's perceptions of being treated better by a leader (compared with one's coworkers' treatment by the same leader) motivate prosocial behaviour. Drawing on current theory of hubristic pride and its evolutionary role in status maintenance, we challenge this consensus by proposing that favourable, downward social comparisons of leader‐member exchange (i.e., leader‐member exchange social comparisons; LMXSC) can also lead to social undermining. Specifically, we argue that, in individuals with high trait dominance, LMXSC triggers hubristic pride, which, in turn, motivates social undermining. Results from two experiments and a longitudinal field study support this idea. In sum, our work shifts the consensus in LMXSC theory by showing when and why high LMXSC can motivate negative coworker‐directed behaviour, and it also offers practical help to organizational leaders dealing with the ethical decision of if, and when, to preferentially treat individual team members.
MiRNAs that target amyloid precursor protein processing machinery in extracellular vesicles and particles derived from oral squamous cells carcinoma
Authors: Galvão Fernando , Rode Michele Patricia , de Campos Paloma Santos , Bruch Gisele Eva , Carregal Virgínia Mendes , Massensini André Ricardo , Matte Bibiana Franzen , Lamers Marcelo Lazzaron , Creczynski‐Pasa Tânia Beatriz , Siqueira Ionara Rodrigues
Published: August 2023

Background

Considering that microRNAs (miRNAs), extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) and the amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing have been shown to be altered in oral squamous cells carcinoma (OSCC), it is possible that miRNAs that target APP processing pathways in EVPs are impacted in tumor cells. Our aim was to evaluate miRNAs that target APP itself or disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 (ADAM10), which generate a trophic compound, sAPPα, in EVPs derived from OSCC cell lines, an aggressive and non‐invasive, compared to normal keratinocytes.

Methods

We used two OSCC cell lines, an aggressive human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line (SCC09) and a less aggressive cell line (CAL27) compared with a keratinocyte lineage (HaCaT). Cells were maintained in cell media, from which we isolated EVPs. EVPs were evaluated regarding their size and concentration using Nanotracking Analysis. We measured the levels of miRNAs which had as potential downstream target APP or ADAM10, specifically miR‐20a‐5p, miR‐103a‐3p, miR‐424‐5p, miR‐92b‐3p, miR‐31‐5p, and miR‐93‐5.

Results

There were no differences on size distributions and concentration of isolated EVPs. OSCC cell lines‐derived EVPs miR‐20a‐5p, miR‐92b‐3p, and miR‐93‐5p were upregulated in comparison to HaCaT‐derived EVPs; while miR‐31‐5p was reduced in EVPs obtained from CAL27 cells.

Conclusion

Our results indicate changes in miRNAs that target APP machinery processing in EVPs derived from OSCC cell lines of different aggressiveness, which may be involved with abnormal miRNA expression in OSCC tissue and/or releasing tumor suppressor miRNA.
What is missing in our understanding of urban slum environments and maternal, infant and young child nutrition from publicly available data in Asia and the Pacific?
Authors: Haycraft Emma , Chandrasenage Damith , Wambui David , Goudet Sophie , Rousham Emily , Stanley Megan , Murira Zivai , Griffiths Paula
Published: August 2023

Given the recent, rapid urbanisation in Asia and the Pacific region, coupled with increases in the triple burden of malnutrition, we need to better understand maternal, infant and young child nutrition (MIYCN) for populations living in urban slum environments. This research used existing large‐scale datasets to explore MIYCN indicators for those living in urban slum, compared with urban nonslum, areas. Data since 2015 from available Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS; Afghanistan, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Pakistan and the Philippines) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS; Bangladesh, Fiji, Kiribati, Mongolia, Nepal, Thailand and Tuvalu) were analysed. Most urban children in the 13 countries from the region were breastfed within 24 h of birth, with slightly higher rates for those living in slums. Conversely, almost all indicators of infant and young child malnutrition were worse for those in urban slums. For mothers living in slums, underweight prevalence and iron deficiency anaemia were higher while maternal overweight and obesity prevalence were lower. Analysis revealed disparities across countries in the wealth status of those living in slum versus nonslum areas. What is currently missing is representative sampling of households, adequate collection of data both within and across countries, and accurate representation of slum‐dwellers in large‐scale surveys. Given that limited data for the region show urban poor slum populations are vulnerable to poor nutrition indicators, more data are needed on the poorest urban slum populations to enable effective resource allocation to support optimal MIYCN.
The new Palestinian textbooks: A strategy for national identity and self‐determination
Authors: Alayan Samira , Riley Celia
Published: August 2023

As part of an effort to establish a national identity within the education sector, the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) revised its 2018/2019 textbooks. This study seeks to understand the motivation behind the revisions, focusing on how the new content depict ‘the self’ and ‘the other’. Through our analysis, it was discovered that the textbooks should be seen as an extension of the Palestinian struggle for nation‐building and self‐determination. The PNA's strategy to curricula development represents a departure from the previous Oslo framework with a focus on historical Palestine and defining ‘the other’ on their own terms.
A unique C‐terminal domain contributes to the molecular function of Restorer‐of‐fertility proteins in plant mitochondria
Authors: Huynh Sang Dang , Melonek Joanna , Colas des Francs‐Small Catherine , Bond Charles S. , Small Ian
Published: August 2023

Restorer‐of‐fertility (Rf) genes encode pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins that are targeted to mitochondria where they specifically bind to transcripts that induce cytoplasmic male sterility and repress their expression. In searching for a molecular signature unique to this class of proteins, we found that a majority of known Rf proteins have a distinct domain, which we called RfCTD (Restorer‐of‐fertility C‐terminal domain), and its presence correlates with the ability to induce cleavage of the mitochondrial RNA target.

A screen of 219 angiosperm genomes from 123 genera using a sequence profile that can quickly and accurately identify RfCTD sequences revealed considerable variation in RFL/RfCTD gene numbers across flowering plants. We observed that plant genera with bisexual flowers have significantly higher numbers of RFL genes compared to those with unisexual flowers, consistent with a role of these proteins in restoration of male fertility.

We show that removing the RfCTD from the RFL protein RNA PROCESSING FACTOR 2‐nad6 prevented cleavage of its RNA target, the nad6 transcript, in Arabidopsis thaliana mitochondria.

We provide a simple way of identifying putative Rf candidates in genome sequences, new insights into the molecular mode of action of Rf proteins and the evolution of fertility restoration in flowering plants.
Osteogenic effect and mechanism of IL‐10 in diabetic rat jaw defect mode
Authors: Hu Sitong , Zhu Yihui , Yu Shujia , Guo Yanchuan , Wang Yihu , Lv Menghao , Bai Wei , Ma Pan
Published: August 2023

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of IL‐10 on the phenotype polarization of macrophages and osteogenesis in diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) rat jaw defects.

Methods

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) were chosen to induce the polarization of macrophages. In vitro assessment included wound‐healing assay, western blotting, and alizarin red staining after co‐culture of the bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and induced macrophages. For in vivo study, IL‐10 was loaded on GelMA‐Heparin and applied to bone defects of the alveolar ridge in diabetic rats, while Bio‐Oss Collagen, simple GelMA‐Heparin, and blank control groups were set for contrast experiment. The mandibles of rats were processed for micro‐computed tomography, histology, and immunohistochemistry 1 week and 4 weeks after the operation.

Results

IL‐10 induced expression of arginase 1, TGF‐β1, EGR2, and Mannose Receptor (CD206), whereas LPS induced expression of iNOS, TNF‐α, IL‐6, CD80. The BMSCs co‐cultured with macrophages induced by IL‐10 showed increased migration, osteogenic differentiation, and mineralization in vitro. Notably, the IL‐10‐laden GelMA‐Heparin group showed quicker new bone formation and a higher M2/M1 ratio of macrophages in the jawbone defect area compared with the control groups.

Conclusions

IL‐10 can stably induce macrophages to M2 type, thereby influencing BMSCs and improving the osteogenesis of jaw bone defects.
Perspectives on Russia, the USA, and the EU's Power Struggle in the Ukraine Crisis and Vietnam's Neutrality
Authors: Cường Nguyễn Anh
Published: August 2023

Europe's worst political disaster since the Cold War was Ukraine's crisis from 2013 to Russia's full‐scale war on 24 February 2022. War? The choice of a national development model, cultural conflicts, and regional identities in Ukraine are internal causes. At the same time, competition for influence between great powers such as Russia, the USA, and the EU in Ukraine are external. Vietnam is similar to Ukraine, but it has taken a neutral stance in this crisis and called for peace talks. Why does Vietnam not choose a party but rather remain neutral with significant actors? This analysis answers those questions using qualitative methods, content analysis, and quantitative comparison. Balancing superpower strategic competition is a small lesson for an average country like Vietnam living next to a great power. However, this strategic balance is necessary to preserve national sovereignty and interests.
Early warning for SpO2 decrease by the oxygen reserve index in neonates and small infants
Authors: Wittenmeier Eva , Schmidtmann Irene , Heese Pascal , Müller Pascal , Didion Nicole , Kriege Marc , Komorek Yannick , Pirlich Nina
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Continuously assessing the oxygenation levels of patients to detect and prevent hypoxemia can be advantageous for safe anesthesia, especially in neonates and small infants. The oxygen reserve index (ORI) is a new parameter that can assess oxygenation through a relationship with arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2). The aim of this study was to examine whether the ORI provides a clinically relevant warning time for an impending SpO2 (pulse oximetry hemoglobin saturation) reduction in neonates and small infants.

Methods

ORI and SpO2 were measured continuously in infants aged <2 years during general anesthesia. The warning time and sensitivity of different ORI alarms for detecting impending SpO2 decrease were calculated. Subsequently, the agreement of the ORI and PaO2 with blood gas analyses was assessed.

Results

The ORI of 100 small infants and neonates with a median age of 9 months (min–max, 0–21 months) and weight of 8.35 kg (min–max, 2–13 kg) were measured. For the ORI/PaO2 correlation, 54 blood gas analyses were performed. The warning time and sensitivity of the preset ORI alarm during the entire duration of anesthesia were 84 s (25th–75th percentile, 56–102 s) and 55% (95% CI 52%–58%), and those during anesthesia induction were 63 s (40–82 s) and 56% (44%–68%), respectively. The positive predictive value of the preset ORI alarm were 18% (95% CI 17%–20%; entire duration of anesthesia) and 27% (95% CI 21%–35%; during anesthesia induction). The agreement of PaO2 intervals with the ORI intervals was poor, with a kappa of 0.00 (95% CI = [−0.18; 0.18]). The weight (p = .0129) and height (p = .0376) of the infants and neonates were correlated to the correct classification of the PaO2 interval with the ORI interval.

Conclusions

The ORI provided an early warning time for detecting an impending SpO2 decrease in small infants and neonates in the defined interval in this study. However, the sensitivity of ORI to forewarn a SpO2 decrease and the agreement of the ORI with PaO2 intervals in this real‐life scenario were too poor to recommend the ORI as a useful early warning indicator for this age group.
Risk factors for intolerance of oral 5‐aminosalicylic acid preparations in pediatric ulcerative colitis
Authors: Abe Naoki , Iwata Naomi , Yasuoka Ryuhei , Nishida Daisuke , Oohara Asami , Nakaseko Haruna , Sugiura Shiro , Kawabe Shinji
Published: August 2023

Background: No previous study of Japanese children with ulcerative colitis (UC) has reported the risk factors for intolerance of 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA). We aimed to identify risk factors for intolerance of oral 5‐ASA preparations in pediatric UC.

Methods: Patients with childhood‐onset UC who were seen at our hospital between November 2003 and March 2020 were investigated. Intolerance of 5‐ASA was defined as having clinical symptoms (pyrexia, abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloody stool) that worsened after starting oral administration of 5‐ASA and improved after discontinuation of 5‐ASA. Patient sex, age, body size, laboratory data, pediatric UC activity index scores, and colonoscopy‐based determinations of the extent and severity of the affected lesion at initiation of 5‐ASA of intolerant and tolerant groups were compared.

Results: Fifteen patients were in the intolerant group, and 37 were in the tolerant group. The leukocyte count, C‐reactive protein level, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were significantly higher in the intolerant group than the tolerant group; the albumin level in the intolerant group was significantly lower. All intolerant patients and 68% of tolerant patients had pancolitis (Paris classification E4). Patients with a large, affected area (Paris classifications E3 and E4) more frequently had intolerance to 5‐ASA than patients with a small lesion. The cumulative Mayo endoscopic subscore (cMES), which is the sum of MES scores for six regions of the large intestine, was significantly higher in the intolerant group.

Conclusions: Pediatric UC patients with more intense inflammation and a large lesion could have an increased risk of intolerance for 5‐ASA.
Risk factor analyses for intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Inoue Takashi , Nishikubo Toshiya , Hirano Shinya , Kamamoto Tomoyuki , Takahashi Yukihiro , Kusuda Satoshi ,   the Neonatal Research Network of Japan
Published: August 2023

Background

Very‐low‐birthweight (VLBW) infants can experience severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) that can lead to life‐long disability by impairing neurodevelopment. The aim of this study was to identify the risk and protective factors for severe IVH in VLBW infants.

Methods

A retrospective, cross‐sectional review of VLBW infants born at 22–28 weeks’ gestation between January 2003 and December 2012 and listed in the Database of Neonatal Research Network in Japan was performed using a statistical model incorporating an odds ratio (OR) and medical center variation as a center variance ratio (CVR). A two‐dimensional analysis using a combination of OR and the CVR described evolving measures of a clinical trial (for OR > 1) and standardization (for CVR > 1) concerning a factor of interest.

Results

The noteworthy significant protective factors were antenatal steroids (ANS) with and without premature rupture of membrane (OR: 0.43, CVR: 1.08, and OR: 0.68, CVR: 1.14, respectively) and the number of neonatal beds (OR: 0.94, CVR: 0.99) and staff nurses per neonatal bed (OR: 0.89, CVR: 0.99).

Conclusions

Active promotion of ANS administration and consolidation of perinatal medical centers can mitigate the development of severe IVH in VLBW infants.
Effect of cytomegalovirus infection on post‐transplant hospitalization days among children undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: A marginal structural model approach
Authors: Li Yun , Vader Daniel T. , Oganisian Arman , Boge Craig L. K. , Hayes Molly , Newman Anders , Olson Tim , Freedman Jason , Elgarten Caitlin W. , Fisher Brian T.
Published: August 2023

Background

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) commonly reactivates after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT), potentially leading to CMV disease and significant morbidity and mortality. To reduce morbidity and mortality, many centers conduct weekly CMV blood polymerase chain reaction (PCR) surveillance testing with subsequent initiation of antiviral therapy upon CMV DNAemia detection. However, the impact of CMV DNAemia on subsequent hospitalization risk has not been assessed using models accounting for the time‐varying nature of the exposure, outcome, and confounders.

Methods

All allogeneic HCTs at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia from January 2004–April 2017 were considered for inclusion. Patients were monitored with CMV surveillance via PCR testing for up to 105 days after HCT receipt. We estimated the association between CMV DNAemia and rate of hospitalization using marginal structural models (MSM).

Results

There were 343 allogeneic HCT episodes in 330 with CMV surveillance; median age was 9.0 (range: 0.1–26.2) and 46.5% were female. And 24.1% of HCT patients had at least one positive CMV blood PCR during the follow‐up period. Median time to CMV DNAemia detection was 19 days (range: 4–97). The MSM estimated the incidence rate ratios for an association of CMV DNAemia with hospitalization to be 1.24, (95% confidence interval: 1.04–1.47).

Conclusions

CMV DNAemia was associated with an increased hospitalization in the post‐HCT period. The MSM accounted for time‐varying nature of the outcome, exposure and confounders. The findings support prevention of CMV DNAemia in this population. We recommend further investigation into the effectiveness and safety of prophylaxis versus pre‐emptive CMV prevention approaches.
Pet safety guidelines for pediatric transplant recipients
Authors: Kilduff Stella , Steinman Benjamin , Xie Yuping , Kiss‐Farengo Tomas , Foca Marc , Hayde Nicole
Published: August 2023

Approximately 70% (90.5 million) of United States (US) households own at least one pet. Dogs are the most common, making up about 38% of all household pets, followed by cats, which make up 25%. Other pets such as fish, birds, reptiles, and small animals such as hamsters, gerbils, and rabbits are less common household members. Pets are often considered a part of the family and there are significant medical and psychosocial benefits to pet ownership; however, the possibility of disease transmission exists related to the type of animal and infectious organism, and specific human risk factors. Immunocompromised individuals may be at increased risk of serious illness from zoonotic infections. During the transplant evaluation and routinely posttransplant, the multidisciplinary team should inquire about pet ownership and animal exposures to guide on potential risks. This review discusses the most common diseases seen in various household pets including dogs, cats, birds, fish, and some farm animals. We will also present guidelines for pet safety and include strategies to decrease the risk of infection while supporting the benefits of pet ownership after transplant.
Allied health and nursing practices in pediatric solid organ transplantation: An international survey
Authors: Gold Anna , Wray Jo , Kosmach‐Park Beverly , Bannister Louise , Wichart Jenny , Graham Ashley , Piotrowski Caroline , Mayersohn Gillian , Shellmer Diana A. , Patterson Catherine
Published: August 2023

Introduction

With improved survival in pediatric solid organ transplantation (SOT) care has focused on optimizing functional, developmental, and psychosocial outcomes, roles often supported by Allied Health and Nursing professionals (AHNP). However, there is a scarcity of research examining frameworks of clinical practice.

Methods

The International Pediatric Transplant Association AHNP Committee developed and disseminated an online survey to transplant centers as a quality improvement project to explore AHNP practice issues. Participant responses were characterized using descriptive statistics, and free‐text comments were thematically analyzed. Responses were compared across professional groups; Group 1: Advanced Practice Providers, Group 2: Nursing, Group 3: Allied Health.

Results

The survey was completed by 119 AHNP from across the globe, with responses predominantly (78%) from North America. Half of respondents had been working in pediatric transplant for 11+ years. Two‐thirds of respondents were formally funded to provide transplant care; however, of these not funded, over half (57%) were allied health, compared to just 6% of advance practice providers. Advanced practice/nursing groups typically provided care to one organ program, with allied health providing care for multiple organ programs. Resource constraints were barriers to practice across all groups and countries.

Conclusion

In this preliminary survey exploring AHNP roles, professionals provided a range of specialized clinical care. Challenges to practice were funding and breadth of care, highlighting the need for additional resources, alongside the development of clinical practice guidelines for defining, and supporting the role of AHNP within pediatric SOT. Professional organizations, such as IPTA, can offer professional advocacy.
Development and evaluation of a problem‐based learning simulation module for home‐visit nursing
Authors: Kim Eunjoo , Yoon Ju Young , Woo Kyungmi , Kim Aeri , Kim Hyori , Lee Juna
Published: August 2023

Objectives

Although home‐visit healthcare programs in Korea are expected to expand, providing hands‐on experience to nursing students may be limited. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a problem‐based learning (PBL) simulation module that reflects home‐visit healthcare services provided by public health centers for pre‐frail older adults.

Design and Sample

The simulation module, including PBL as prebriefing, was developed by the researchers and revised based on expert reviews. The module was evaluated using a mixed‐method embedded one‐group post‐test‐only design with focus group interviews (FGIs). Quantitative data (n = 29) were collected between April and June, 2021. FGIs (n = 10) were conducted twice in June 2021, and qualitative data were analyzed using an inductive content analysis approach.

Results

The average score of the Simulation Design Scale was 4.67 ± 0.36. The overall mean score of the Educational Practices Questionnaire was 4.75 ± 0.37. Three themes emerged from the FGIs: immersive learning experience, changes in perspective on nursing, and enhanced nursing competency.

Conclusion

This PBL‐based simulation module was evaluated as a systematic learning process in which nursing students could become self‐directed learners, interacting and collaborating with colleagues, instructors, and environments. The module encourages them to practice home visit services.
Action‐orientation shields against primed cognitive conflict effects on effort‐related cardiac response
Authors: Bouzidi Yann S. , Gendolla Guido H. E.
Published: August 2023

This article presents a quasi‐experiment (N = 79 university students) testing whether individual differences in action‐state orientation moderate primed cognitive conflict's effects on sympathetically mediated cardiac response during task performance reflecting effort. Action control theory posits that action‐oriented individuals are less receptive to distracting affective stimuli during goal pursuit than state‐oriented individuals because action‐orientation is related to higher volitional skills. Therefore, we expected that action‐oriented individuals should be shielded against conflict primes' effect on effort‐related responses in the cardiovascular system. By contrast, state‐oriented individuals should be more sensitive to irrelevant negative affective stimulation and therefore mobilize higher resources under such conditions. Responses of the cardiac pre‐ejection period (PEP) during a moderately difficult short‐term memory task corroborated these predictions. The present findings provide the first evidence that individual differences in action‐state orientation indeed moderate previously demonstrated cognitive conflict priming effects on effort‐related cardiac response and extend recent findings on action shielding.
How to … use theory as method in HPE research
Authors: McOwen Katherine S. , Varpio Lara , Konopasky Abigail W.
Published: August 2023

Recognising that scholars in health professions education (HPE) are often unfamiliar with theory‐informed research, we provide guidance on a robust method for using theory as a method to inform every aspect of research design from research question formation to data analysis and reporting. Using the Figured Worlds theory to illustrate the process, we mapped six concepts of particular importance to HPE: the figured world, agency, improvisation, discourse, positionality and power. Together the concepts were helpful analytic tools for our topic of interest. The concept of the figured world informed the construction of our program of research. Agency was useful in exploring the ways that subjects acted or did not act. We crafted interview questions to illustrate participants' unique improvisations. Discourse, or the world's artefacts both verbal and embodied, informed our understanding of the world's norms. Positionality allowed us to compare the agentic action of different participants. Finally, power offered an opportunity to recognise the intersection of the positional identities of participants and their stories of action or inaction. While theory‐informed analytic tools offer an opportunity to construct nuanced understanding, generating new insights into study subjects and their worlds, caution is necessary as qualitative inquiry is an evolving process of give and take. Everything from the study's questions, methods and even theories might need to flex in response to the data. Ultimately, though initially intimidating, theories offer concrete methodological tools HPE scholars can rely on.
Genetic diversity of Gerbich alleles in Brazilians reveals an unexpected prevalence of the GE:−2,−3,4 phenotype
Authors: Arnoni Carine Prisco , Silva Nayara Morais , Silva Flavia Sant'Anna , Parreira Rafael Martins , Vendrame Tatiane , Miola Marcos Paulo , Muniz Janaína , Cortez Afonso , Valvasori Marilia , de Araujo Evanilde Pereira , Dalmazzo Leandro , Freitas Alyne , Latini Flavia , Castilho Lilian
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives

Gerbich (GE) blood group system carries high‐frequency antigens and the absence of them leads to rare phenotypes: GE:−2,3,4, GE:−2,−3,4 and GE:−2,−3,−4. Their serological differentiation is limited and misclassification of Gerbich phenotypes may occur, but this can be avoided by molecular characterization. This study aimed to characterize the molecular background responsible for rare Gerbich phenotypes in Brazilian population.

Materials and Methods

We selected eight samples from patients with anti‐Ge, six from their relatives and nine samples with normal expression of Gerbich antigens. Serological tests were performed in gel and red blood cells (RBCs) were tested with anti‐Ge2 and anti‐Ge3. Monocyte monolayer assay (MMA) was performed. Molecular investigation was performed with allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing.

Results

Patient plasma samples reacted with all commercial RBCs. Patient RBCs showed negative results with anti‐Ge2 and anti‐Ge3. Using MMA two of eight antibodies were clinically significant. Exon 3 was not amplified in any of the patient samples and in two samples from relatives, suggesting the presence of GE*01.‐03/GE*01.‐03. By sequencing, we identified the genetic variability that interferes with the definition of deletion breakpoints, thus two options of genetic structure were suggested to be responsible for the GE:−2,−3,4 phenotype.

Conclusion

This study showed for the first time the genetic diversity of GYPC alleles for carriers of Gerbich‐negative phenotypes in a Brazilian population and showed an unexpected prevalence of the GE:−2,−3,4 phenotype. It also demonstrated the importance of using molecular tools to correctly classify Gerbich phenotypes for selection of variants in antigen‐matched transfusions.
Diagnostic quality of ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspirates samples from the canine liver and spleen is not significantly affected by using 22‐, 23‐, and 25‐gauge needles
Authors: Llanos Cesar , Holmes Emma , White Crystal , Jasensky Anne‐Katherine , Fitzgerald Ella
Published: August 2023

Ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspirates (FNA) of the liver and spleen for cytological analysis are a commonly performed procedure in canine veterinary practice. Based on our review of the literature, this is the first published study investigating whether needle size affects the diagnostic quality of hepatic and splenic samples. The aim of this prospective analytical study was to compare the diagnostic quality of ultrasound‐guided FNA cytological samples of canine liver and spleen based on cellularity, blood contamination, and overall cell preservation between three different needle sizes (22‐, 23‐, and 25‐gauge). A total of 282 splenic aspirates from 94 dogs and 348 hepatic aspirates from 116 dogs were enrolled in the study and examined by two board‐certified veterinary clinical pathologists. In this study, no significant differences in diagnostic quality were identified between different needle gauge sizes when sampling canine liver and spleen. Blood contamination was higher using 22‐gauge needles compared with 25‐gauge needles (P = 0.024) when sampling the liver.
Anatomical considerations for the surgical approach to the canine accessory lung lobe
Authors: Mather Alastair J. , Chanoit Guillaume , Meakin Lee , Friend Ed
Published: August 2023

Objective

To describe (1) the surgical anatomy of the accessory lung lobe (ALL) including vasculature and pulmonary ligamentous attachments and (2) lobectomy through a right thoracotomy and median sternotomy.

Study design

Cadaveric anatomical study.

Animals

Nine adult canine cadavers, free of disease affecting the thoracic cavity and lung parenchyma.

Methods

Median sternotomy and right and left lateral thoracotomies were performed to describe and image relevant variations in anatomy using accompanying photographs and thorough voice notes. Consideration for ALL removal via right thoracotomy at the fifth through seventh intercostal spaces and median sternotomy were documented and compared.

Results

The median weight of the cadavers was 20.85 kg (6.9–45.5 kg). Variation in the configuration of venous drainage of the ALL was identified. The lateral vein varied in its location and was also observed to combine with the medial vein in one cadaver. The pulmonary ligament attached to the ALL in a caudally pointing apex on the dorsal process of the lobe. Medial and lateral extensions of the ALL parenchyma were found. The ALL was most easily accessed by a right lateral thoracotomy at the sixth intercostal space. Although not optimal, removal of this lung lobe via median sternotomy was feasible.

Conclusion

Significant variations were found in the blood supply to the ALL. A right lateral thoracotomy at the sixth intercostal space was preferred for a surgical approach to the ALL.

Clinical significance

Surgeons should be aware of several anatomical particularities including the venous drainage, ligamentous attachments, and parenchymal extensions of the ALL.
Extracellular space of frog skeletal muscle in vivo and in vitro: relation to proton magnetic resonance relaxation times.
Authors: Neville M C , White S
Published: August 2023

1. The Na and Cl distribution spaces of freshly isolated frog muscles are 16.7 and 12.6%, respectively. These values increase to 25.6 and 23.3%, respectively, on incubation. 2. The extracellular components of both Na and Cl efflux curves are significantly smaller in freshly isolated muscles (approximately 12%) than in incubated muscles (approximately 18%). The fast exchanging A component of the extracellular space is increased more by incubation than the more slowly exchanging B component. 3. The proton magnetic resonance (p.m.r.) transverse relaxation curve for the water of freshly isolated frog muscles did not show the long, slowly relaxing tail present in curves from muscles incubated in Ringer solution. 4. When muscles were incubated in hypertonic solutions the p.m.r. transverse relaxation curves could be resolved into three components whose sizes were consistent with the components present in the sodium and chloride efflux curves. The non‐exponentiality of the p.m.r. transverse relaxation curve therfore appears to arise from water in both the A and B extracellular compartments of muscle. 5. Efflux analysis indicated that the cellular Na content of both freshly isolated and incubated frog muscle is similar to that predicted by others (Lev, 1964; Armstrong & Lee, 1971; Lee & Armstrong, 1974) from measurements of intracellular Na ion activity using Na‐sensitive micro‐electrodes. The remainder of the tissue Na was found in the more rapidly exchanging extracellular compartments. The results of these experiments are inconsistent with the presence of a substantial fraction of bound Na in frog muscle. 6. These experiments show that muscle extracellular space is smaller in vivo than in vitro. Efflux analysis is suggested as the most accurate method of assessing extra‐cellular components.
Lack of uniformity in colour matching.
Authors: Alpern M
Published: August 2023

1. The fraction of red in a red‐‐green mixture matched to yellow increased as the intensities of the match constituents were increased sufficiently to bleach appreciable chlorolabe and erythrolabe. 2. All changes in matching found for a given normal trichromat, (i) with increase in the intensities of the matching components, (ii) as a function of time after the onset of very intense components, (iii) with change in the pupil region through which light enters the eye, and (iv) with change in the region of the retina under test, are consistent with the assumption that matching depends upon the absorption of light in three kinds of (individually colour blind) cones, each with its own visual pigment, provided that the lambda max densities of the latter can vary in the range 0.25‐‐1.0 (common logarithmic units) depending upon the subject. 3. Individual differences in matching among normal (as well as among both varieties of red‐‐green anomalous) trichromats, on the other hand, suggest that the extinction spectra of the cone pigments sensitive to long and medium wave lengths may differ from one trichromat to the next.