bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental evidence that litter size imposes an oxidative challenge to offspring
Authors: Gibson Alyssa B. , Garratt Michael , Brooks Robert C.
Published: October 2015

The post-natal environment in which young develop can substantially impact development, adult phenotype, and fitness. In wild mice, competition among litter-mates affects development rate and adult behaviour. We manipulated post-natal litter size in a cross-fostering design to investigate the effects of enlarged and reduced litter sizes on sexual signalling, oxidative stress, and the links between them. Oxidative stress causes somatic damage that can limit reproductive success and lifespan, and is predicted to mediate investment in life-history traits, including sexual signals. We predicted that litter enlargement would cause an increase in potential oxidative stress, inhibit growth and reduce sexual signalling in male mice. Males reared in enlarged litters were smaller at weaning and, despite rapid growth immediately after weaning, remained smaller at ten weeks of age than those reared in smaller litters. Females from enlarged litters were consistently smaller throughout post-weaning development and showed no increase in growth rate than those from reduced litters. In enlarged litters, protein thiol concentration was lower at weaning in the liver and kidneys with this trend continuing at 10 weeks of age in the kidneys only. Aconitase enzyme activity was also lower in mice from enlarged litters at weaning and 10 weeks of age in the kidneys. Male mice from enlarged litters scent marked more frequently and had larger preputial glands than those from reduced litters, indicating greater sexual signalling investment irrespective of this increased oxidative challenge. The results of this study are the first to reveal oxidative costs of developmental stress in small mammals.
Three-dimensional morphology and strain of the Achilles free tendon immediately following eccentric heel drop exercise
Authors: Obst Steven J. , Newsham-West Richard , Barrett Rod S.
Published: October 2015

Our understanding of the immediate effects of exercise on Achilles free tendon transverse morphology is limited to single site measurements acquired at rest using 2D ultrasound. The purpose of this study was to provide a detailed 3D description of changes in Achilles free tendon morphology immediately following a single clinical dose of exercise. Freehand 3D ultrasound was used to measure Achilles free tendon length, and regional cross-sectional area (CSA), medio-lateral (ML) diameter and antero-posterior (AP) diameter in healthy young adults (n=14) at rest and during isometric muscle contraction, immediately before and after 3×15 eccentric heel drops. Post-exercise reductions in transverse strain were limited to CSA and AP diameter in the mid-proximal region of the Achilles free tendon during muscle contraction. The change in CSA strain during muscle contraction was significantly correlated to the change in longitudinal strain (r=−0.72); and the change in AP diameter strain (r=0.64). Overall findings suggest the Achilles free tendon experiences a complex change in 3D morphology following eccentric heel drop exercise that manifests under contractile, but not rest conditions, is most pronounced in the mid-proximal tendon, and primarily driven by changes in AP diameter strain and not ML diameter strain.
Integrated analysis of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma identifies key variants and pathways linked to risk habits, HPV, clinical parameters and tumor recurrence
Authors: Krishnan Neeraja M. , Gupta Saurabh , Palve Vinayak , Varghese Linu , Pattnaik Swetansu , Jain Prach , Khyriem Costerwell , Hariharan Arun , Dhas Kunal , Nair Jayalakshmi , Pareek Manisha , Prasad Venkatesh , Siddappa Gangotri , Suresh Amritha , Kekatpure Vikram , Kuriakose Moni , Panda Binay
Published: November 2015

Oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas (OTSCC) are a homogeneous group of tumors characterized by aggressive behavior, early spread to lymph nodes and a higher rate of regional failure. Additionally, the incidence of OTSCC among younger population (<50yrs) is on the rise; many of whom lack the typical associated risk factors of alcohol and/or tobacco exposure. We present data on single nucleotide variations (SNVs), indels, regions with loss of heterozygosity (LOH), and copy number variations (CNVs) from fifty-paired oral tongue primary tumors and link the significant somatic variants with clinical parameters, epidemiological factors including human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and tumor recurrence. Apart from the frequent somatic variants harbored in TP53, CASP8, RASA1, NOTCH and CDKN2A genes, significant amplifications and/or deletions were detected in chromosomes 6-9, and 11 in the tumors. Variants in CASP8 and CDKN2A were mutually exclusive. CDKN2A, PIK3CA, RASA1 and DMD variants were exclusively linked to smoking, chewing, HPV infection and tumor stage. We also performed a whole-genome gene expression study that identified matrix metalloproteases to be highly expressed in tumors and linked pathways involving arachidonic acid and NF-k-B to habits and distant metastasis, respectively. Functional knockdown studies in cell lines demonstrated the role of CASP8 in a HPV-negative OTSCC cell line. Finally, we identified a 38-gene minimal signature that predicts tumor recurrence using an ensemble machine-learning method. Taken together, this study links molecular signatures to various clinical and epidemiological factors in a homogeneous tumor population with a relatively high HPV prevalence.
Discounted Utility and Present Value—A Close Relation
Authors: Bleichrodt Han , Keskin Umut , Rohde Kirsten I. M. , Spinu Vitalie , Wakker Peter
Published: November 2015

We introduce a new type of preference condition for intertemporal choice, which requires present values to be independent of various other variables. The new conditions are more concise and more transparent than traditional ones. They are directly related to applications because present values are widely used tools in intertemporal choice. Our conditions give more general behavioral axiomatizations, which facilitate normative debates and empirical tests of time inconsistencies and related phenomena. Like other preference conditions, our conditions can be tested qualitatively. Unlike other preference conditions, our conditions can also be directly tested quantitatively, and we can verify the required independence of present values from predictors in regressions. We show how similar types of preference conditions, imposing independence conditions between directly observable quantities, can be developed for decision contexts other than intertemporal choice and can simplify behavioral axiomatizations there. Our preference conditions are especially efficient if several types of aggregation are relevant because we can handle them in one stroke. We thus give an efficient axiomatization of a market pricing system that is (i) arbitrage-free for hedging uncertainties and (ii) time consistent.
Grupos de convivência para idosos: participantes, egressos e desinteressados
Authors: Moura Aline Oliveira Dias , Souza Luciana Karine de
Published: November 2015

Grupos de Convivência (GCs) para idosos são idealizados como locais de excelência na oferta de lazer ao idoso. Essa idealização pode limitar a busca por práticas de lazer mais condizentes com interesses e necessidades do envelhecente. Investigar os motivos da participação, da saída e do desinteresse por GCs é raro na literatura, mas socialmente relevante. Foram entrevistados 12 idosos participantes de GC, 12 egressos e 12 desinteressados sobre motivos da participação, saída, ou desinteresse por GCs. Além de motivos familiares e de saúde, foram evidentes as justificativas sobre relações com os profissionais e colegas e diferenças entre GCs, tanto quanto à programação, como à acessibilidade urbana ao local. Idosos desinteressados de GCs relataram grande ocupação do tempo livre com atividades prazerosas, de descanso e de desenvolvimento pessoal e social.
Symptom burden and functional gains in a cancer rehabilitation unit
Authors: Fu Jack B , Lee Jay , Tran Kenny B , Siangco Christian M , Ng Amy H , Smith Dennis W , Bruera Eduardo
Published: November 2015

Aim:

To determine whether symptom burden at the time of admission to inpatient rehabilitation is predictive of functional improvement in cancer rehabilitation inpatients.

Methods:

Retrospective review of medical records at a tertiary referral-based cancer centre of all patients admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation unit between 1 March 2013 and 20 May 2013. The medical records for 71 unique cancer rehabilitation inpatients were analysed. Outcome measures included the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System and Functional Independence Measure.

Results:

Statistical analysis of total admission Edmonton Symptom Assessment System scores and total change in Functional Independence Measure scores found no significant relationships. The symptom burden of patients was mild. Patients demonstrated statistically significant improvements in symptoms and function during inpatient rehabilitation. The mean change in total Edmonton Symptom Assessment System and total Functional Independence Measure scores was a decrease of 7.41 and an increase of 19.20, respectively. Statistically significant changes occurred in fatigue, sleep, pain and anxiety.

Conclusions:

Both symptom and functional scores improved significantly during inpatient rehabilitation. However, no significant relationships were found between symptoms at admission and improvements in Functional Independence Measure score.
Patient adherence to physiotherapist prescribed self-management strategies: A critical review
Authors: Peek Kerry , Sanson-Fisher Robert , Mackenzie Lisa , Carey Mariko
Published: November 2015

Aims:

To examine the published literature on patient adherence to physiotherapist prescribed self-management strategies in order to describe: changes in the proportion of publications over time; methodological quality of non-intervention and intervention-based studies; types of measures used to assess patient adherence and the reported accuracy of those measures.

Methods:

A comprehensive search of eight electronic databases was conducted, covering the period from January 1995 to November 2014. Data were extracted and coded for the number and proportion of articles that were: i) non data-based; ii) data-based, no new data (reviews); iii) data-based, new data. The methodological quality of non-intervention and intervention publications was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool, and data were extracted regarding the type and accuracy of adherence measures reported in these publications.

Results:

A total of 80 relevant papers were identified. Of these, 49 non-intervention and intervention quantitative study designs underwent methodological assessment, with only 14 studies (29%) assessed as being of at least moderate quality. Fifty-three different measures of patient adherence were recorded from the 49 included studies, with only 5 of the 49 included studies (10%) reporting statistical evidence to support accuracy of the adherence measures applied.

Conclusions:

The results indicate that despite a trend towards intervention-based studies and reviews over the last 20 years, the methodological quality of studies on patient adherence could be improved. Accurate and standardised measures of patient adherence are needed for any future research involving patient adherence to physiotherapist prescribed self-management strategies.
Supporting Syrian refugee children who arrive in your school
Authors: Mitchell Joanna
Published: November 2015

Receiving the children of Syrian refugees as they begin to arrive in the UK is a realistic possibility for many schools. It is likely that these children will face many challenges as they integrate. Educational psychologist Dr Joanna Mitchell offers a checklist for successful inclusion
[Recensão a] FRANCISCO BETHENCOURT (2014). Racisms: From the Crusades to the Twentieth Century
Authors: Cassata Francesco
Published: November 2015

http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/0870-4112_3-1_17
[Recensão a] HELEN SMALL (2013) The Value of the Humanities
Authors: Bernardes José Augusto Cardoso
Published: November 2015

http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/0870-4112_3-1_18
[Recensão a] JONATHAN BATE (ED.) (2011). The Public Value of the Humanities
Authors: Ferrer Diogo
Published: November 2015

http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/0870-4112_3-1_19
Thin Slice Impressions: How Advertising Evaluation Depends on Exposure Duration
Authors: Elsen Millie , Pieters Rik , Wedel Michel
Published: November 2015

This research demonstrates the importance of thin slices of information in ad and brand evaluation, with important implications for advertising research and management. Three controlled experiments, two in the behavioral lab and one in the field, with exposure durations ranging from very brief (100 msec) to very long (30 sec), demonstrate that advertising evaluation critically depends on the duration of ad exposure and on how ads convey which product and brand they promote, but in surprising ways. The experiments show that upfront ads, which instantly convey what they promote, are evaluated positively after brief but also after longer exposure durations. Mystery ads, which suspend conveying what they promote, are evaluated negatively after brief but positively after longer exposure durations. False front ads, which initially convey another identity than what they promote, are evaluated positively after brief exposures but negatively after longer exposure durations. Bayesian mediation analysis demonstrates that the feeling of knowing what the ad promotes accounts for these ad-type effects on evaluation.
Marketing's Impact on Firm Value: Generalizations from a Meta-Analysis
Authors: Edeling Alexander , Fischer Marc
Published: November 2015

The interest in the value relevance of marketing investments has given rise to numerous studies on the marketing–finance interface. This study integrates extant research findings and establishes empirical generalizations on marketing's impact on firm value. Specifically, the authors conduct a meta-analysis of prior econometric elasticity estimates of the stock market impact of marketing actions and marketing assets. Analyses based on 488 elasticities drawn from 83 studies reveal a mean elasticity of .04 for advertising expenditure variables and of .54 for marketing asset variables. Among marketing assets, customer-related assets show a higher mean elasticity of .72, compared with .33 for brand-related assets. Further analyses show that advertising elasticities are lower in more concentrated industries and that marketing asset elasticities are higher during recession times. Researchers should also be aware that characteristics of the research design (e.g., the type of firm value metric used, the omission of control variables, or not accounting for endogeneity) may affect the estimation results.
New Criteria to Assess Seismic and Rock Burst Hazard in Coal Mines / Nowe Kryteria Dla Oceny Zagrożenia Sejsmicznego I Tąpaniami W Kopalniach Węgla Kamiennego
Authors: Mutke Grzegorz , Dubiński Józef , Lurka Adam
Published: November 2015

The paper presents new criteria of seismic and rock burst hazard assessment in Polish hard coal mines where longwall mining system is common practice. The presented criteria are based on the results of continuous recording of seismic events and analysis of selected seismological parameters: spatial location of seismic event in relation to mining workings, seismic energy, seismic energy release per unit coal face advance, b-value of Gutenberg-Richter law, seismic energy index EI, seismic moment M0, weighted value of peak particle velocity PPVW. These parameters are determined in a moving daily time windows or time windows with fixed number of seismic tremors. Time changes of these parameters are then compared with mean value estimated in the analyzed area. This is the basis to indicate the zones of high seismic and rock burst hazard in specific moment in time during mining process. Additionally, the zones of high seismic and rock burst hazard are determined by utilization of passive seismic tomography method. All the calculated seismic parameters in moving time windows are used to quantify seismic and rock burst hazard by four level scales. In practice, assessment of seismic and rock burst hazard is used to make daily decision about using rock burst prevention activities and correction of further exploitation of monitored coal panel.
Development of antibiotic-loaded silk fibroin/hyaluronic acid polyelectrolyte film coated CoCrMo alloy
Authors: Arpaçay Pınar , Türkan Uğur
Published: November 2015

Bacteria related infections are still a major problem for the implant materials. Such infections have occurred in nearly 3% of hip and knee replacements resulting in failure of device. There are two main approaches for inhibiting the bacterial adhesion to the surface. These involve bactericidal substances and anti-adhesive coatings. In this study, the efficiency of antibiotic-loaded silk fibroin/hyaluronic acid polyelectrolyte film coated CoCrMo alloy, prepared by means of complex coacervate and layer by layer techniques, was investigated. A medical grade CoCrMo was coated with variable number of silk fibroin/hyaluronic acid up to 14 layers at room temperature. The morphological evolution during and after formation of the crystal structure on the coating layer, the resulting surface roughness, and the corresponding alterations in the coating layer thicknesses were thoroughly studied using various analytical techniques, including attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). As a result, only 10 layers of silk fibroin/hyaluronic acid complex coacervate films were found to convey the general characteristics of the mixture of silk I and II, while layer by layer coated samples exhibited the mixture of silk I and II. Moreover, regardless of the preparation method applied, the surface roughness and the coating layer thicknesses were determined to increase with the increasing number of layers. The antibacterial test results suggested that the samples loaded with antibiotic successfully induced a bactericidal resistance against
Seasonal and spatial variation in biochemical composition of Saccharina latissima during a potential harvesting season for Western Sweden
Authors: Vilg Jenny Veide , Nylund Göran M. , Werner Tony , Qvirist Linnea , Mayers Joshua J. , Pavia Henrik , Undeland Ingrid , Albers Eva
Published: November 2015

This study monitored the biomass composition of Saccharina latissima during a potential harvesting season on the West coast of Sweden, in order to find suitable harvest times for biorefinery purposes. Specimens of S. latissima were sampled at three locations in June, August and October and the biomass was analysed for its macromolecular composition, as well as for the content of several specific compounds, e.g. sugars and fatty acids. PERMANOVA analyses showed that there was a significant difference in the biomass composition among time points. The total carbohydrate concentration was lowest in June and peaked at 360 mg g-1 dry weight in August, while the mannitol content was highest, 90 mg g-1, in June and decreased throughout the sampling period. Total protein and fatty acid concentrations were found to be approximately 80 and 3 mg g-1, respectively, with relatively little variation over time. Overall, there was little spatial variation in the macromolecular composition, although the concentration of some specific monosaccharides and fatty acids, as well as the total phenolic content, differed among localities. We discuss the implications of the observed variation in biomass composition of S. latissima for future biorefinery purposes.
In silico screening of alleged miRNAs associated with cell competition: an emerging cellular event in cancer
Authors: Patel Manish , Antala Bhavesh , Shrivastava Neeta
Published: November 2015

Cell competition is identified as a crucial phenomenon for cancer and organ development. There is a possibility that microRNAs (miRNAs) may play an important role in the regulation of expression of genes involved in cell competition. In silico screening of miRNAs is an effort to abridge, economize and expedite the experimental approaches to identification of potential miRNAs involved in cell competition, as no study has reported involvement of miRNAs in cell competition to date. In this study, we used multiple screening steps as follows: (i) selection of cell competition related genes of Drosophila through a literature survey; (ii) homology study of selected cell competition related genes; (iii) identification of miRNAs that target conserved cell competitionrelated genes through prediction tools; (iv) sequence conservation analysis of identified miRNAs with human genome; (v) identification of conserved cell competition miRNAs using their expression profiles and exploration of roles of their homologous human miRNAs. This study led to the identification of nine potential cell competition miRNAs in the Drosophila genome. Importantly, eighteen human homologs of these nine potential Drosophila miRNAs are well reported for their involvement in different types of cancers. This confirms their probable involvement in cell competition as well, because cell competition is well justified for its involvement in cancer initiation and maintenance.
Homology arms of targeting vectors for gene insertions and CRISPR/Cas9 technology: size does not matter; quality control of targeted clones does
Authors: Petrezselyova Silvia , Kinsky Slavomir , Truban Dominika , Sedlacek Radislav , Burtscher Ingo , Lickert Heiko
Published: November 2015

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) technology has brought rapid progress in mammalian genome editing (adding, disrupting or changing the sequence of specific sites) by increasing the frequency of targeted events. However, gene knock-in of DNA cassettes by homologous recombination still remains difficult due to the construction of targeting vectors possessing large homology arms (from 2 up to 5 kb). Here, we demonstrate that in mouse embryonic stem cells the combination of CRISPR/Cas9 technology and targeting vectors with short homology arms (~ 0.3 kb) provides sufficient specificity for insertion of fluorescent reporter cassettes into endogenous genes with similar efficiency as those with large conventional vectors. Importantly, we emphasize the necessity of thorough quality control of recombinant clones by combination of the PCR method, Southern hybridization assay and sequencing to exclude undesired mutations. In conclusion, our approach facilitates programmed integration of exogenous DNA sequences at a target locus and thus could serve as a basis for more sophisticated genome engineering approaches, such as generation of reporters and conditional knock-out alleles.
Bryophytes of the Čantoria National Nature Reserve (Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts., Czech Republic)
Authors: Plášek Vítězslav
Published: November 2015

Abstrac

t Bryological investigation in National Nature Reserve Čantoria was done in 2013. The total of 99 bryophytes (29 liverworts and 70 moss species) recorded and/or collected are listed in this contribution. The most important records included 2 liverworts (Liochlaena lanceolata and Nowellia curvifolia) and 4 mosses (Brachydontium trichodes, Campylostelium saxicola, Fissidens pusillus and Oxystegus tenuirostris).
Determination of the Prosumer’s Optimal Bids
Authors: Ferruzzi Gabriella , Rossi Federico , Russo Angela
Published: November 2015

This paper considers a microgrid connected with a medium-voltage (MV) distribution network. It is assumed that the microgrid, which is managed by a prosumer, operates in a competitive environment and participates in the day-ahead market. Then, as the first step of the short-term management problem, the prosumer must determine the bids to be submitted to the market. The offer strategy is based on the application of an optimization model, which is solved for different hourly price profiles of energy exchanged with the main grid. The proposed procedure is applied to a microgrid and four different its configurations were analyzed. The configurations consider the presence of thermoelectric units that only produce electricity, a boiler or/and cogeneration power plants for the thermal loads, and an electric storage system. The numerical results confirmed the numerous theoretical considerations that have been made.
Critical soil bulk density for soybean growth in Oxisols
Authors: Keisuke Sato Michel , Veras de Lima Herdjania , Oliveira Pedro Daniel de , Rodrigues Sueli
Published: November 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the critical soil bulk density from the soil penetration resistance measurements for soybean root growth in Brazilian Amazon Oxisols. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using disturbed soil samples collected from the northwest of Para characterized by different texture. The treatments consisted of a range of soil bulk densities for each soil textural class. Three pots were used for soybean growth of and two for the soil penetration resistance curve. From the fitted model, the critical soil bulk density was determined considering the penetration resistance values of 2 and 3 MPa. After sixty days, plants were cut and root length, dry mass of root, and dry mass of shoots were determined. At higher bulk densities, the increase in soil water content decreased the penetration resistance, allowing unrestricted growth of soybean roots. Regardless of soil texture, the penetration resistance of 2 and 3 MPa had a slight effect on root growth in soil moisture at field capacity and a reduction of 50% in the soybean root growth was achieved at critical soil bulk density of 1.82, 1.75, 1.51, and 1.45 Mg m-3 for the sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clayey, and very clayey soil.
Effect of tillage system on soil temperature in a rainfed Mediterranean Vertisol
Authors: Muñoz-Romero Veronica , Lopez-Bellido Luis , Lopez-Bellido Rafael J.
Published: November 2015

Soil temperature is a factor that influences the rates of physical, chemical, and biological reactions in soils and has a strong influence on plant growth. A field study was conducted during 2006-2007 and 2009-2010 on a typical rainfed Mediterranean Vertisol to determine the effects of the tillage system and the crop on soil temperature. The experimental treatments were the tillage system (no-tillage and conventional tillage) and the crop (wheat and faba bean). Soil temperature was measured at a 20 cm depth at 1 h intervals from December 1st to November 30th of 2006-2007 and 2009-2010. There was a highly significant relationship between air temperature (both maximum and minimum) and soil temperature for the two tillage systems. Soil temperature was similar in the growing season for both crops but was higher in the conventional tillage than in the no-tillage system, with differences between 0.7 and 2.6°C depending on the month of the year. A higher soil temperature with conventional tillage can be beneficial in the cold sowing period (November-December), improving crop establishment. In contrast, in critical periods with water deficits (spring) during which grain formation occurs, the lower temperature corresponding to the no-tillage system would be more favourable.
Application of a tangent curve mathematical model for analysis of the mechanical behaviour of sunflower bulk seeds
Authors: Sigalingging Riswanti , Herák David , Kabutey Abraham , Dajbych Oldřich , Hrabě Petr , Mizera Čestmír
Published: November 2015

This paper evaluate the use of a tangent curve mathematical model for representation of the mechanical behaviour of sunflower bulk seeds. Compression machine (Tempos Model 50, Czech Republic) and pressing vessel diameter 60 mm were used for the loading experiment. Varying forces between 50 and 130 kN and speeds ranging from 10, 50, and 100 mm min-1were applied respectively on the bulk seeds with moisture content 12.37±0.38% w.b. The relationship between force and deformation curves of bulk seeds of pressing height 80 mm was described. The oil point strain was also determined from the different deformation values namely 30, 35, 40, and 45 mm at speed 10 mm min-1. Based on the results obtained, model coefficients were determined for fitting the experimental load and deformation curves. The validity of these coefficients were dependent on the bulk seeds of pressing height, vessel diameter, maximum force 110 kN, and speed 10 mm min-1, where optimal oil yield was observed. The oil point was detected at 45 mm deformation giving the strain value of 0.56 with the corresponding force 16.65±3.51 kN and energy 1.06±0.18 MJ m-3. At the force of 130 kN, a serration effect on the curves was indicated; hence, the compression process was ceased.
Anti-inflammatory effects of the cannabidiol derivative dimethylheptyl-cannabidiol – studies in BV-2 microglia and encephalitogenic T cells
Authors: Juknat Ana , Kozela Ewa , Kaushansky Nathali , Mechoulam Raphael , Vogel Zvi
Published: November 2015

Background: Dimethylheptyl-cannabidiol (DMH-CBD), a non-psychoactive, synthetic derivative of the phytocannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD), has been reported to be anti-inflammatory in RAW macrophages. Here, we evaluated the effects of DMH-CBD at the transcriptional level in BV-2 microglial cells as well as on the proliferation of encephalitogenic T cells.

Methods: BV-2 cells were pretreated with DMH-CBD, followed by stimulation with the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The expression levels of selected genes involved in stress regulation and inflammation were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. In addition, MOG35–55-reactive T cells (TMOG) were cultured with antigen-presenting cells in the presence of DMH-CBD and MOG35–55 peptide, and cell proliferation was determined by measuring [3H]thymidine incorporation.

Results: DMH-CBD treatment downregulated in a dose-dependent manner the mRNA expression of LPS-upregulated pro-inflammatory genes (Il1b, Il6, and Tnf) in BV-2 microglial cells. The expression of these genes was also downregulated by DMH-CBD in unstimulated cells. In parallel, DMH-CBD upregulated the expression of genes related to oxidative stress and glutathione homeostasis such as Trb3, Slc7a11/xCT, Hmox1, Atf4, Chop, and p8 in both stimulated and unstimulated microglial cells. In addition, DMH-CBD dose-dependently inhibited MOG35–55-induced TMOG proliferation.

Conclusions: The results show that DMH-CBD has similar anti-inflammatory properties to those of CBD. DMH-CBD downregulates the expression of inflammatory cytokines and protects the microglial cells by inducing an adaptive cellular response against inflammatory stimuli and oxidative injury. In addition, DMH-CBD decreases the proliferation of pathogenic activated TMOG cells.
Oxytocin utilization for labor induction in obese and lean women
Authors: Hill Meg , Reed Kathryn L. , Cohen Wayne R.
Published: November 2015

To determine if oxytocin dosage used for labor induction differed in obese and lean women, we analyzed records of patients who underwent term labor induction and delivered vaginally. Each of a cohort of 27 patients with a body mass index (BMI) >40 kg/m2 was matched with a patient with a BMI <28 kg/m2 for gestational age, for birth weight, and for cervical dilatation and fetal station at admission. The oxytocin dose administered during first stage labor was calculated for each patient. In addition to the matched characteristics, there was no difference between groups in parity, frequency of diabetes, epidural anesthesia use, or pharmacologic cervical ripening. Oxytocin utilization was significantly greater in obese women than in lean women. The maximum administration rate was 17.7±4.7 and 13.1±5.0 mU/min, respectively (P=0.001). Oxytocin administered per minute during the first stage of labor was greater in the obese group (11.6±4.8 vs. 8.6±4.1 mU/min; P=0.020). Neither active phase duration nor the maximum rate of dilatation differed significantly between the groups. That obese parturients required more oxytocin than lean women during the first stage of successful labor induction could not be explained by group differences in parity, birth weight, dysfunctional labor, pre-induction dilatation and station, or epidural use.
Suctioning habits in the delivery room and the influence on postnatal adaptation – a video analysis
Authors: Konstantelos Dimitrios , Ifflaender Sascha , Dinger Jürgen , Rüdiger Mario
Published: November 2015

Aims: To determine how often infants are suctioned during delivery and how it affects the neonate.

Methods: Single-center analysis of video-recorded delivery room management after c-section from January 2012 until April 2013. Time point, duration, and frequency of suctioning in term and preterm newborns were analyzed along with vital parameters (heart rate (HR) and saturation values).

Results: Three hundred forty-six videos were analyzed. Twenty-three percent of term and 66% of preterm newborns were suctioned. Newborns were suctioned up to 14 times; total duration spent for suctioning was between 2 and 154 s. Suctioning before face mask application occurred in 31% of the suctioned newborns requiring respiratory support. No severe bradycardia (<60 bpm) was noticed. Suctioning did not have an effect on HR and saturation in preterm infants but was associated with significantly higher HR in term infants requiring respiratory support. Term infants who did not require respiratory support showed significantly higher saturation values at 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 min if they were not suctioned.

Conclusions: Suctioning of newborns in the delivery room does not adhere to recommendations of international guidelines. However, previously described side effects of suctioning could not be confirmed.
CuO/polypyrrole nanocomposites as a marker of toxic lead ions for ecological remediation in contrast with CuO and polypyrrole
Authors: Radhakrishnan Asha , Rejani Padmavathiamma , Beena Bhaskaran
Published: November 2015

In the present study, CuO, polypyrrole (PPy), and CuO/PPy nanocomposites were synthesized to compare the selective adsorption behavior of hazardous metal ions such as Pb(II) ions. The synthesized nanomaterials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The adsorption studies clearly showed that CuO/PPy nanocomposites exhibited much higher adsorption performance than individual CuO and PPy. Kinetic data followed the pseudo-second-order model. The equilibrium attained at 120 min and isotherm follows the order Sips>Langmuir>Freundlich. The adsorbed Pb(II) is desorbed using 0.1
Immunity, inflammatory and psychophysiological stress response during a competition of professional rugby union
Authors: Lindsay Angus , Lewis John , Gill Nicholas , Gieseg Steven P. , Draper Nick
Published: November 2015

Neopterin, cortisol and immunoglobulin A were measured to determine what effect a professional rugby competition has on the immunity, inflammatory and psychophysiological stress response. Urine and saliva were collected from 37 professional players at regular intervals throughout a 20 week professional competition. Total neopterin, cortisol and secretory immunoglobulin A were analysed using enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). All markers did not change significantly when analysed as a group during the course of the season compared to baseline (p>0.05), although long-distance travel had a minor effect on cortisol and secretory immunoglobulin A concentrations (p<0.05). More importantly, a large inter-individual variation for all markers was observed (p<0.001). These results indicate this competition of professional rugby does not cause significant changes in psychophysiological stress. Some players however, may become more susceptible to fatigue and infection during the course of a season as a result of suppressed immunity and sustained activation of the inflammatory response.
Accurate measurements of 129I concentration by isotope dilution using MC-ICPMS for half-life determination
Authors: Isnard Hélène , Nonell Anthony , Marie Mylène , Chartier Frédéric
Published: November 2015

Determining the 129I concentration, a long-lived radionuclide present in spent nuclear fuel, is a major issue for nuclear
waste disposal purpose. 129I also has to be measured in numerous environmental, nuclear and biological samples. To be able
to accurately determine the 129I concentration, an analytical method based on the use of a multicollector-inductively
coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICPMS) combined with an isotope dilution technique using an 127I spike, was
developed. First, the influence of different media (HNO3, NaOH and TMAH) on natural 127I signal
intensity and stability and on memory effects was studied. Then an analytical procedure was developed by taking into account the
correction of blanks and interferences. Tellurium was chosen for instrumental mass bias correction, as no certified standards with
suitable 127I/129I ratio are available. Finally, the results, reproducibility and uncertainties obtained for
the 129I concentration determined by isotope dilution with a 127I spike are presented and discussed. The final
expanded relative uncertainty obtained for the iodine-129 concentration was lower than
0.7% (k = 1). This precise 129I determination in association with further activity measurements of this nuclide on the
same sample will render it possible to determine a new value of the 129I half-life with a reduced uncertainty
(0.76%, k = 1).
AMPA Receptor Phosphorylation and Synaptic Colocalization on Motor Neurons Drive Maladaptive Plasticity below Complete Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Huie J. Russell , Stuck Ellen D. , Lee Kuan H. , Irvine Karen-Amanda , Beattie Michael S. , Bresnahan Jacqueline C. , Grau James W. , Ferguson Adam R.
Published: October 2015

Clinical spinal cord injury (SCI) is accompanied by comorbid peripheral injury in 47% of patients. Human and animal modeling data have shown that painful peripheral injuries undermine long-term recovery of locomotion through unknown mechanisms. Peripheral nociceptive stimuli induce maladaptive synaptic plasticity in dorsal horn sensory systems through AMPA receptor (AMPAR) phosphorylation and trafficking to synapses. Here we test whether ventral horn motor neurons in rats demonstrate similar experience-dependent maladaptive plasticity below a complete SCIin vivo. Quantitative biochemistry demonstrated that intermittent nociceptive stimulation (INS) rapidly and selectively increases AMPAR subunit GluA1 serine 831 phosphorylation and localization to synapses in the injured spinal cord, while reducing synaptic GluA2. These changes predict motor dysfunction in the absence of cell death signaling, suggesting an opportunity for therapeutic reversal. Automated confocal time-course analysis of lumbar ventral horn motor neurons confirmed a time-dependent increase in synaptic GluA1 with concurrent decrease in synaptic GluA2. Optical fractionation of neuronal plasma membranes revealed GluA2 removal from extrasynaptic sites on motor neurons early after INS followed by removal from synapses 2 h later. As GluA2-lacking AMPARs are canonical calcium-permeable AMPARs (CP-AMPARs), their stimulus- and time-dependent insertion provides a therapeutic target for limiting calcium-dependent dynamic maladaptive plasticity after SCI. Confirming this, a selective CP-AMPAR antagonist protected against INS-induced maladaptive spinal plasticity, restoring adaptive motor responses on a sensorimotor spinal training task. These findings highlight the critical involvement of AMPARs in experience-dependent spinal cord plasticity after injury and provide a pharmacologically targetable synaptic mechanism by which early postinjury experience shapes motor plasticity.
Cell-Type Specific Channelopathies in the Prefrontal Cortex of thefmr1-/yMouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Kalmbach Brian E. , Johnston Daniel , Brager Darrin H.
Published: November 2015

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by transcriptional silencing of thefmr1gene resulting in the loss of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) expression. FXS patients display several behavioral phenotypes associated with prefrontal cortex (PFC) dysfunction. Voltage-gated ion channels, some of which are regulated by FMRP, heavily influence PFC neuron function. Although there is evidence for brain region-specific alterations to the function a single type of ion channel in FXS, it is unclear whether subtypes of principal neurons within a brain region are affected uniformly. We tested for alterations to ion channels critical in regulating neural excitability in two subtypes of prefrontal L5 pyramidal neurons. Using somatic and dendritic patch-clamp recordings, we provide evidence that the functional expression of h-channels (Ih) is down-regulated, whereas A-type K+channel function is up-regulated in pyramidal tract-projecting (PT) neurons in thefmr1-/ymouse PFC. This is the opposite pattern of results from published findings from hippocampus whereIhis up-regulated and A-type K+channel function is down-regulated. Additionally, we find that somatic Kv1-mediated current is down-regulated, resulting in increased excitability offmr1-/yPT neurons. Importantly, these h- and K+channel differences do not extend to neighboring intratelencephalic-projecting neurons. Thus, the absence of FMRP has divergent effects on the function of individual types of ion channels not only between brain regions, but also variable effects across cell types within the same brain region. Given the importance of ion channels in regulating neural circuits, these results suggest cell-type-specific phenotypes for the disease.
THERAPY OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Testosterone supplementation and body composition: results from a meta-analysis study
Authors: Corona Giovanni , Giagulli Vito A , Maseroli Elisa , Vignozzi Linda , Aversa Antonio , Zitzmann Michael , Saad Farid , Mannucci Edoardo , Maggi Mario
Published: November 2015

Objective

The role of testosterone (T) in regulating body composition is conflicting. Thus, our goal is to meta-analyse the effects of T supplementation (TS) on body composition and metabolic outcomes.

Methods

All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effect of TS on different endpoints were considered.

Results

Overall, 59 trials were included in the study enrolling 3029 and 2049 patients in TS and control groups respectively. TS was associated with any significant modification in body weight, waist circumference and BMI. Conversely, TS was associated with a significant reduction in fat and with an increase in lean mass as well as with a reduction of fasting glycaemia and insulin resistance. The effect on fasting glycaemia was even higher in younger individuals and in those with metabolic diseases. When only RCTs enrolling hypogonadal (total T <12 mol/l) subjects were considered, a reduction of total cholesterol as well as triglyceride (TGs) levels were also detected. Conversely, an improvement in HDL cholesterol levels as well as in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure was not observed.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that TS is able to improve body composition and glycometabolic profile particularly in younger subjects and in those with metabolic disturbances. Specifically designed studies are urgently needed to confirm this point.
Celebrating 75 years of oestradiol
Authors: Simpson Evan , Santen Richard J
Published: October 2015

Oestrogens exert important effects on the reproductive as well as many other organ systems in both men and women. The history of the discovery of oestrogens, the mechanisms of their synthesis, and their therapeutic applications are very important components of the fabric of endocrinology. These aspects provide the rationale for highlighting several key components of this story. Two investigators, Edward Doisy and Alfred Butenandt, purified and crystalized oestrone nearly simultaneously in 1929, and Doisy later discovered oestriol and oestradiol. Butenandt won the Nobel Prize for this work and Doisy's had to await his purification of vitamin K. Early investigators quickly recognized that oestrogens must be synthesized from androgens and later investigators called this process aromatization. The aromatase enzyme was then characterized, its mechanism determined, and its structure identified after successful crystallization. With the development of knock-out methodology, the precise effects of oestrogen in males and females were defined and clinical syndromes of deficiency and excess described. Their discovery ultimately led to the development of oral contraceptives, treatment of menopausal symptoms, therapies for breast cancer, and induction of fertility, among others. The history of the use of oestrogens for postmenopausal women to relieve symptoms has been characterized by cyclic periods of enthusiasm and concern. The individuals involved in these studies, the innovative thinking required, and the detailed understanding made possible by evolving biologic and molecular techniques provide many lessons for current endocrinologists.
Soft Drink Influence on Margin Integrity in Composite Resin Restorations
Authors: Lafuente Jose , Abad Karol
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect that certain previously selected soda drinks could have on the integrity of the margins of composite restorations made on 25 human teeth, where the margins were placed both on enamel and dentin. Specimens were divided in different groups (n=5) to be exposed to soft drinks 30 minutes a day for 30 days. Selected drinks were: Coca Cola, Coca Cola Zero, Squirt, Gladiator and water. SEM pictures were taken at the beginning and at the 30 day mark. Data were compared and analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis. Results showed changes in color both in enamel and in dentin, as well as pigmentation of the composite resin qith the use of Coca Cola and Coca Cola Zero. This last one had the biggest negative impact on the margins of the resotrations, both on enamel and dentin, though this canges were not statistically significant. All soft drinks produced some damage to the margins which went from a small change barely detectable, up to a complete loss of integrity, these effects were not statistically significant among drinks. 
La reagrupación familiar en el ámbito municipal en España. Análisis comparado en región mediterrânea
Authors: Pastor Seller Enrique , Martínez Gallardo Blas José
Published: October 2015

Resumen:En el artículo se presentan los resultados de una investigación comparativa de la evolución del proceso de reagrupación familiar de extranjeros no comunitarios en España, la Región de Murcia y el municipio de Molina de Segura en el período 2007-2014. Se analiza la evolución de la reagrupación familiar, mediante el acceso a fuentes secundarias. Para caracterizar el perfil del reagrupante se realizan entrevistas estructuradas al universo de solicitantes de informe de adecuación de vivienda para reagrupación familiar en Molina de Segura. Se aplica un cuestionario a extranjeros no comunitarios para describir las tendencias en reagrupación familiar en Molina de Segura y para conocer los conflictos surgidos en las familias reagrupadas se llevan a cabo entrevistas en profundidad a actores expertos y estratégicos. Los resultados evidencian que los cambios normativos y la actual crisis económica inciden, entre otros factores, a los procesos de reagrupación familiar. En este contexto es necesario incrementar los recursos destinados a los Servicios de Bienestar local para favorecer la integración real de las personas inmigrantes y mantener los niveles de cohesión social.