bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of land use and land cover change on Gum Talha (Acacia seyal var. seyal) forest in Bahar Alarab, Sudan
Authors: YOUNIS AHMED YOUNIS IBRAHIM , JONATHAN BELLO NIYI , TOGUN ADENIYI OLUMUYIWA , YASIN EMAD HASSAN ELAWAD , OMER SIRAJ OSMAN , HAMAD GAMMER-ELDIEN ABDELRHMAN IBRAHIM , AÏSSATA SAMOURA DEMBA
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Younis AYI, Jonathan BN, Togun AO, Yasin EHE, Omer SO, Hamad GAI, Aissata SD. 2022. Assessment of land use and land cover change on Gum Talha (Acacia seyal var. seyal) forest in Bahar Alarab, Sudan. Biodiversitas 23: 4549-4560. Evaluating land use and land cover change (LULC) is essential for the sustainable management of natural resources, biodiversity conservation, monitoring of food security, and research related to climate change and ecology. A better assessment of land-use changes is highly needed for further investigation due to increasingly rapid changes in LULC in response to human population growth. The emerging climatic change also has a significant effect on LULC. The objective of this study is to assess land use and land cover in Bahar Alarab, East Darfur State, Sudan, using remote sensing data obtained from satellite images. For assessing the LULC changes, Landsat images of the years 1988, 2002, and 2020 were downloaded and analyzed using QGIS 3.22.1 and ERDAS 2014 software, where supervised classification was applied with GPS point verification, change detection, matrix, and accuracy assessment. The analysis on LULC showed considerable changes during the two study periods, where 2020 had a considerable increase in forest cover in which on that year it occupied 26.44% of the area compared to 2002 and 1988 with 21.27% and 21.45%, respectively. Whereas 2002 the area was covered by a vast herbaceous vegetation (33.41%) compared to 1988 and 2002. Moreover, in 1988, shrubland decreased from 31.95% to 29.06% and 23.67% in 2020 and 2002, respectively. Sparse vegetation covered a considerable area in 2020 (23.61%) compared to 2002 and 1988 (21.65% and 17.71%, respectively). The results highlighted that there was statistically significant correlation between climate factors and LULC. Average temperature was highly positively correlated with sparse vegetation at 98.2%, while rainfall was highly negatively correlated with forest (-96.9%) and sparse vegetation (-88%), and highly positively correlated with herbaceous vegetation (83.5%). This study provides a unique understanding of LULC changes and their implications in management and conservation efforts, as well as a road map for decision makers for sustainable development of LULC in the Bahar Alarab.
Biodiversity of wild spice plants of the Central Kazakhstan region and their medicinal potential
Authors: POZDNYAKOVA YELENA , OMAROVA GULNARA , MURZATAYEVA AIGUL , TANKIBAEVA NEILA
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Pozdnyakova Y, Omarova G, Murzatayeva A, Tankibaeva N. 2022. Biodiversity of wild spice plants of the Central Kazakhstan region and their medicinal potential. Biodiversitas 23: 4609-4625. The Central Asian region stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to the border of western China in the east. Central Kazakhstan occupies the space of steppe and semi-desert zones within the Turgay Plateau in the west and the Kazakh Uplands in the center and in the east. Due to the remoteness of the steppes of Central Kazakhstan from the oceans, the climate in the region is extremely continental and arid. Due to this, the diversity of plant species is quite small. In this work, we have studied the biodiversity of wild herbs growing in the climatic conditions of Central Asia. We also assessed the prospects of the found plant species as medicines. This study took place as part of the traditional summer practice of biology students in the period July-August 2019. The main method used in the field research was route reconnaissance. As a result of field research, 40 wild spice plant species belonging to 17 families were found. Among them, the most numerous are the families Lamiaceae - 9 species, Brassicaceae - 6 species, Apiaceae - 5 species, Asteraceae - 4 species, the families Rosaceae and Fabaceae - 2 species of herbs. All of these species are mentioned in a number of old recipes and can be revived and re-recommended for widespread use. A critical assessment of the literature on the medicinal properties of the studied spices irrefutably shows that they have enormous health potential. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that wild spice plants growing in the territory of Central Kazakhstan have a wide range of taste diversity and prospects for successful commercial exploitation.
The shifting genetic diversity pattern of Indonesian rice improved varieties from 1943-2019 based on historical pedigree data
Authors: ANAS ANAS , DAMAYANTI FARIDA , KADAPI MOHAMAD , CARSONO NONO , SARI SANTIKA
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Anas, Damayanti F, Kadapi M, Carsono N, Sari S. 2022. The shifting genetic diversity pattern of Indonesian rice improved varieties from 1943-2019 based on historical pedigree data. Biodiversitas 23: 4649-4656. For rice plants in Indonesia, stagnation in increasing crop yields due to a reduction in genetic diversity is a significant issue. The issue of using the same parents in breeding programs and consumer preferences for a single main variety are among the causes of the narrowing of rice plants' genetic diversity. The purpose of this study is to figure out which ancestors are significant and how the genetic diversity of improved Indonesian rice cultivars has changed over time. Changes in the genetic background of the Indonesian rice gene pool were decided using pedigree analysis by calculating the coefficient of parentage (COP) among varieties. There are 280 ancestors in the rice gene pool. The pedigree map exemplifies the complexities of rice breeding in Indonesia. The four classical ancestors of DGWG, Taichung Native1, China, and Latisail had a noteworthy influence on all irrigated rice plant types (11.22%) and upland rice plant types (8.30%) in the gene pool. The dominance of the phenomenal variety IR64 has been continued by Inpari 32, which is a direct derivative of Ciherang. In the meantime, Inpago9, Luhur 2, and UPLRI ancestors set the foundation for the upland rice plant type. Inpara7 and Inpara9, along with their IRRI-introduced parents (IRRIpara4 and IRRIpara5), had a significant impact on Indonesian tidal rice plants. The A1, Hipa7, and Hipa3 varieties are heavily influenced by the hybrid rice plants of Indonesia.
An orange pigment from the marine bacterium Paracoccus haeundaensis SAB E11 as a prospective source of natural antioxidants
Authors: ABUBAKAR HERMAWATY , ASTUTI RIKA INDRI , LISTYOWATI SRI , BATUBARA IRMANIDA , WAHYUDI ARIS TRI
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Abubakar H, Astuti RI, Listyowati S, Batubara I, Wahyudi AT. 2022. An orange pigment from the marine bacterium Paracoccus haeundaensis SAB E11 as a prospective source of natural antioxidants. Biodiversitas 23: 4730-4737. Bacterial pigment extracts are the source of many natural antioxidant substances. The present study aimed to assess the antioxidant activity of an orange pigment derived from a marine bacterium, identified as Paracoccus haeundaensis SAB E11, analyzed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis(ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). Methanol-pigmented crude extract of P. haeundaensis SAB E11 exhibited the best DPPH scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 54.7 mg/mL, while the n-hexane crude pigment extract of the bacterium reduced ABTS optimally with an IC50 value of 24.46 mg/mL. The analysis of antioxidant compounds in P. haeundaensis SAB E11 was identified by combining liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS). The five antioxidant compounds from methanol and n-hexane crude pigment extract of P. haeundaensis SAB E11 have been detected. Polyphenols were found to be the major compound, such as 3,5,3’,4’-tetrahydroxystilbene, scopoletin, and liquiritigenin. The other compounds were dihydroactinidiolide (terpenes) and ricinoleic acid (a fatty acid compound). The orange-colored extract of marine bacterium P. haeundaensis SAB E11 could be promising pharmacological capabilities as an antioxidant.
Next generation sequencing reveals plants consumed by the vulnerable ebony langur (Trachypithecus auratus) in a fragmented mountain forest
Authors: Karyanto Puguh , Risa Bagasta Adifa , NAYASILANA IKE NURJUITA , MD NOR SHUKOR , Atmoko Sri Suci Utami , Susilowati Ari , SUNARTO SUNARTO
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Karyanto P, Bagasta AR, Nayasilana IN, Nor SMD, Atmoko SSU, Susilowati A, Sunarto 2022. Next generation sequencing reveals plants consumed by the vulnerable ebony langur (Trachypithecus auratus) in a fragmented mountain forest. Biodiversitas 23: 4759-4769. Many mountain forests on Java Island have suffered from forest degradation, fragmentation, and alien species invasion that cause a significant change in vegetation structure. This changing floristic structure may affect the foraging substrate of the foliage eater ebony langur, Trachypithecus auratus. Hence, ascertaining the plants eaten by the langur may contribute significantly to informing important ecological data about its foraging adaptation and conservation. We analyzed six fecal samples of the langur from three forest sites in Mount Merbabu National Park, Indonesia. This research used the plant mini barcode to sequence the ribulose-biphosphate carboxylase gene (rbcl) in the mitochondrial DNA of the plants eaten by the langur using the Next Generation Sequencing. We compare the NGS results to floristic reference data from a vegetation survey preceding the fecal analysis. The NGS found 238 OTUs that belong to 32 taxa. Most of the langur’s diet belongs to the lower crop community. The study’s results suggest that the ebony langur’s dietary composition shows an adaptation to the new floristic composition. However, since the habitat is continuously degraded, the stakeholders must perform appropriate home-building-based habitat management practices to conserve this vulnerable species.
Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Peronema canescens leaves
Authors: ELFITA ELFITA , OKTIANSYAH RIAN , MARDIYANTO MARDIYANTO , WIDJAJANTI HARY , SETIAWAN ARUM
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Elfita, Oktiansyah R, Mardiyanto, Widjajanti H, Setiawan A. 2022. Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Peronema canescens leaves. Biodiversitas 23: 4783-4792. Peronema canescens Jack. or sungkai is a plant found in tropical rainforests. Also known as Peronema heterophyllum Miq., it belongs to the Verbenaceae family and grows widely in Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. The local people believe that the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of its leaves increase immunity. Bioactivities of endophytic fungi associated with medicinal plants are currently of great interest due to their potential for development and use in the pharmaceutical, agricultural, and industrial fields. In this study, we investigated the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of an extract of leaves from P. canescens host plant and compared them with those of extracts from an endophytic fungus. Antibacterial and antioxidant compounds derived from active extracts of endophytic fungi have the capability to be developed as a source of antibacterial and antioxidant compounds equivalent to those of their host. In this study, endophytic fungi were isolated from the fresh tissue of P. canescens leaves and identified morphologically. Their antibacterial activity was tested using the Kirby-Bauer method, and their antioxidant activity was tested using the DPPH method. The potential antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the endophytic fungi extracts were identified molecularly, and the compounds were isolated using column chromatography. A structural determination of the antibacterial and antioxidant compounds was conducted by spectroscopy involving NMR 1D and 2D. Twelve of the endophytic fungi were gained from the P. canescens leaves, namely RD1-RD12. The RD6 isolate showed the greatest potential for antibacterial and antioxidant activity, and its molecular identification was expressed as Penicillium oxalicum. The pure compound produced was a yellowish white solid with strong antibacterial and antioxidant activity. Based on an analysis of spectroscopy NMR 1D and 2D, compound I was identified as 3-(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyacrylic acid. The study demonstrated that endophytic fungi associated with medicinal plants and functioning as antibacterial and antioxidant agents have the potential to produce compounds as strong as those of the host plant. These compounds represent a potential new source for antibacterials and antioxidants.
Anurans of select green spaces of Davao City, Mindanao Island, Philippines
Authors: Delima-Baron ‪Elsa May , Ruales Cyrell Ann S. , Tripole Christian , Tagoon Marian Dara T. , Susulan Treaseur B.
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Delima-Baron EM, Ruales CAS, Tripole C. Tagoon MDT, Susulan TB. 2022. Anurans of select green spaces of Davao City, Mindanao Island, Philippines. Biodiversitas 23: 4810-4815. Data on anurans in green spaces, especially in highly urbanized cities, including Davao, is still very limited. We present for the first time a checklist of anuran species from six green spaces of Davao City previously not surveyed for anuran data. Anurans were documented from January to April 2019 using visual encounter techniques coupled with microhabitat searches on several nocturnal surveys. Eighteen species representing seven families were recorded. Three endemic species: Pelophryne brevipes, Fejervarya moodiei, and F. vittigera, were added to the current list of anurans known from green spaces of Davao City, bringing the total known species for Davao City to 23. Thirteen of the species recorded are endemic. Two species under the Near Threatened category of IUCN, Limnonectes magnus and Sanguirana everetti, were also documented. The study also accounted for four invasive species: Rhinella marina, Eleutherodactylus planirostris, Hoplobatrachus rugulosus, and Kaloula pulchra. However, these species were encountered only in sites with artificial structures nearby, prominent noise, and has less heterogeneous vegetation. Data adds to the limited account of anurans in Davao City’s green spaces. Adding more species also implies that the list of anurans from Davao City’s green spaces is far from complete. Exploration of other green spaces available in the city is necessary to fully understand anuran species composition and the value of green spaces to the persistence of this taxon even in highly urbanized areas.
The dynamics of soil carbon in revegetated post-coal mining sites: A case study in Berau, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: HARTATI WAHJUNI , SUDARMADJI TRIYONO
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Hartati W, Sudarmadji T. 2022. The dynamics of soil carbon in revegetated post-coal mining sites: A case study in Berau, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: xxxx. Open pit mining practices cause the loss of vegetation cover as well as soil degradation. Post-mining land reclamation and revegetation are therefore enforced to recover the vegetation and soil quality. While several studies have revealed vegetation succession following post-mining revegetation, limited studies have focused on the carbon dynamics of the soil. This study aimed to investigate the dynamics of soil carbon stock due to mining operations and how it changed following revegetation. The research was carried out in the concession area of a coal mining company in Berau, East Kalimantan, which was divided into three sites: Sambarata Mining Operation (SMO) Site, Binungan Mining Operation (BMO) Site, and Lati Mining Operation (LMO) Site. At each site, eight research measurement plots (RMP) were established representing land with varying vegetational conditions, namely original land and post-mined lands with varying revegetation stages from open land to 12-year-old vegetation. The percentage of C content was calculated from 288 disturbed soil samples, while bulk density was analyzed from 144 whole soil samples using the Walkey & Black and gravimetric methods. We found that the C stock at the initial state after the mining operation was very low. Coal mining activities caused a loss of C in soil with an average value of 21.29%, or equal to 5.65 tons/ha. The biggest loss occurred at the SMO site (44.97%, or 13.04 tons/ha), while the smallest loss was found at the LMO site (2.24%, or 0.40 tons/ha). The carbon stock improved after revegetation, particularly in the SMO and LMO sites, and the rate of carbon stock enhancement in the soil differed across sites. The results also showed that soil carbon in the post-mining area of 10-30 cm was greater than that of the 0-10 cm layer. Along with the increasing age of plants, the vertical distribution of C stock shifted from the lower layer to the upper layer.
Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from raw milk in Pasuruan and Lumajang districts, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: PERMATASARI DIAN AYU , ANGGRAENI FAUZIAH , BUDIARTO BUDIARTO , MELES DEWA KETUT , HAMID IWAN SAHRIAL , PUSPITASARI YULIANA , EFFENDI MUSTOFA HELMI , KHAIRULLAH ASWIN RAFIF , WARDHANA DHANDY KOESOEMO , UGBO EMMANUEL NNABUIKE
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Permatasari DA, Anggraeni F, Budiarto, Meles DK, Hamid IS, Puspitasari Y, Effendi MH, Khairullah AR, Wardhana DK, Ugbo EN. 2022. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from raw milk in Pasuruan and Lumajang districts, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5050-5055. Milk and dairy products are nutritionally important in the diet worldwide. The microbiological quality of raw milk is essential for the quality of the final dairy product. The presence of Streptococcus agalactiae is frequently associated with high somatic cell counts in milk and decreased milk yield. Streptococcus agalactiae infections have major consequences for public health. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from raw milk in Pasuruan and Lumajang, East Java, Indonesia. Raw milk samples were collected from three sub-districts in Pasuruan (Tutur, Grati and Purwosari) and three sub-districts in Lumajang (Senduro, Karangbendo, and Tekung). California mastitis test (CMT) was performed to confirm the presence of somatic cells, S. agalactiae was identified using standard microbiological methods, and antibiotic resistance was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method using Mueller-Hinton agar. Results showed that 89 (79.46%) out of 112 dairy cows were positive for CMT, which indicated the presence of mastitis. Bacteria isolation was performed on CMT-positive samples and four samples were showed the presence of S. agalactiae (4.49%). Based on the sensitivity test against various antibiotics, it was observed that S. agalactiae isolates were resistant to ampicillin (75%), and erythromycin (50%), and were sensitive to cefotaxime (100%), tetracycline (75%), and chloramphenicol (100%). This research reported that Streptococcus agalactiae organism is one bacterium that is implicated in mastitis infections. Therefore, monitoring the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of this organism is needed in veterinary medicine, in order to make an appropriate choice of drug for treatment, improve high cure rates and minimize the increase of drug resistance.
Phenolic and flavonoid content with agro morphological characters of 12 accessions of Justica gendarussa grew in Indonesia
Authors: MARLIANI NELLY , ARTIKA I MADE , RAFI MOHAMAD , SYUKUR MUHAMAD , GALINGGING RONNY YUNIAR , NURCHOLIS WARAS
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Marliani N, Artika IM, Rafi M, Syukur M, Galingging RY, Nurcholis W. 2022. Phenolic and flavonoid content with agro morphological characters of 12 accessions of Justica gendarussa grew in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5101-5107. Justicia gendarussa Burm. f is a medicinal plant used in traditional and modern medicine. This study was conducted to determine the agro morphological characters, phenolic and flavonoid content of 12 accessions of J. gendarussa plants obtained from various locations in Indonesia and then grown in the same conditions and places. The agro morphological characteristics include plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, wet weight, and dry weight of leaves and stems. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were analyzed by spectrophotometric method. The results showed significant differences in the characters of 12 accessions of J. gendarussa (p<0.05). Accessions of BK4 (Bekasi 4) and KP (Kejayan Pasuruan) had the best agro morphological characteristics. Accessions of BK4 (Bekasi 4) and BG (Bogor) had the best growth rates. The highest TPC value was obtained from TG (Trenggalek) accession (0.752 mg GAE/g DW) and the highest TFC (1.899 mg QE/g DW from LK (Langkat) accession. The best accessions based on agro morphological characters were BK4 (Bekasi 4) and KP (Kejayan Pasuruan), and based on the content of polyphenols were TG (Trenggalek) and LK (Langkat). The accessions of BK4, BG, TG, and LK could be further developed into superior varieties of J. gendarussa.
Evaluation of seagrass beds as a foraging and nursery habitat based on the structure of the fish community in Nusmapi Island, West Papua, Indonesia
Authors: MANANGKALANGI EMMANUEL , SEMBEL LUKY , TEBAIY SELVI , MANUPUTTY AGNESTESYA , RUMAYOMI MINA REGINA , MUSYERI PHILIPUS , SAWAKI DODDY , ORISSU DAUD , MANUMPIL ABRAHAM WILLIAM , KABER YUANIKE
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Manangkalangi E, Sembel L, Tebaiy S, Manuputty A, Rumayomi MR, Musyeri P, Sawaki D, Orissu D, Manumpil AW, Kaber Y. 2022. Evaluation of seagrass beds as a foraging and nursery habitat based on the structure of the fish community in Nusmapi Island, West Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5539-5550. Seagrass beds are one of the ecosystems inhabited by various coastal aquatic fauna, including fish. However, information on the temporal role of this ecosystem for fish fauna, particularly diurnal and nocturnal, is still limited. Therefore, this study was conducted to describe daily variations in the fish species composition, their ecological index, developmental stages, and trophic groups in a seagrass bed on Nusmapi Isl., Manokwari. The species composition differed between day and night sampling periods based on the results obtained from 40 species of fish belonging to 21 families and 7 orders. Furthermore, fish species consisted of three trophic groups (omnivores, carnivores, and herbivores), with omnivores and carnivores dominating during the day and at night by 48.6% and 87.5%, respectively. Species found in seagrass beds majorly consisted of juvenile stage individuals (65.9%). Individual abundance varied from day to night and was mainly found among group-forming species, such as S. spinus, S. trilineata, S. punctatissimum, and M. pralinia. The index of diversity, evenness, and dominance at the two relatively similar sampling times described the overall stability of fish communities in seagrass beds. The results indicate that seagrass beds serve as foraging and nursery grounds for many fish species in coastal waters. In addition, the management and protection of fish biodiversity and coastal fishery resources are affected by the ecosystem function.
The immunomodulatory effect of Glagah consortium microalgae polysaccharides based on splenocyte proliferation and cytokine production in vitro
Authors: AFILILLA ZHAZA , Suwanti Lucia Tri Suwanti , MUFASIRIN MUFASIRIN , KOERNIAWAN HENI PNY , KOERNIAWAN MOCHAMAD DONNY , SUYONO EKO AGUS , BUDIMAN ARIEF , SIREGAR ULFAH JUNIARTI
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Afililla Z, Suwanti LT, Mufasirin, Koerniawan HP, Suyono EA, Budiman A, Siregar UJ. 2022. The immunomodulatory effect of Glagah consortium microalgae polysaccharides based on splenocyte proliferation and cytokine production in vitro. Biodiversitas 23: 5205-5209. Indonesia is known as a maritime country that has various organisms, including microalgae. Some microalgae have many bioactivities, such as immunomodulatory activity. This study aimed to determine Glagah consortium microalgae polysaccharide (GCMP) and polysaccharide of Spirulina platensis (PSP) as an immunomodulator based on its effect on splenocyte proliferation and cytokine production in vitro. Crude polysaccharides were extracted by lye extraction method. Splenocytes were obtained from spleen of healthy mice and cultured in RPMI 1640 medium with and without Concanavalin A (Con A). Cells (3×105 per well) were treated with polysaccharide with dose gradually 0, 1.25, 2.5, 10 and 20 µg/mL. Splenocytes proliferation were observed by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The supernatant was taken for the detection of cytokines using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). The results showed that GCMP, both with and without Con A at a concentration of less than 10 mg/mL decreased cell viability, on the other hand, a concentration of 10-20 mg/mL had a proliferative effect. Splenocytes were shown a proliferative effect at all concentrations of PSP, both with and without Con A. The concentration of polysaccharides, both GCMP and PSP, did not affect cytokine levels. In conclusion, based on the proliferation of splenocytes, GCMP has an immunomodulatory effect depending on its concentration.
Screening of sponge-associated bacteria to control vibriosis in vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: SARJITO SARJITO , AMALIA ROSA , SABDANINGSIH ANINDITIA
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Sarjito S, Amalia R, Sabdaningsih A. 2022. Screening of sponge-associated bacteria to control vibriosis in vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Biodiversitas 23: 5333-5341. An intensive shrimp culture with a high stocking density causes a higher chance of vannamei shrimp being infected with diseases. The most frequent disease is caused by Vibrio sp. Vibrio might cause a severe production loss in the shrimp culture, leading to larvae and mature stadium mortality at 50%. Therefore, a study on the alternative management of vibriosis disease using biocontrol agents is urgently needed. The sponge is a marine invertebrate that provides as a shelter for microbes to live and symbiosis with the animal. An evident ability of sponge-associated bacteria to produce antimicrobial compounds can be exploited as a biodegradable bio-agent, potentially as a solution to control vibriosis disease in a shrimp. This research aimed to isolate sponge-associated bacteria with vibriosis antibacterial potential. Sampling was done in Tulamben, Bali and Panjang island, Jepara, Indonesia with six sampling sites consisting of 15 sampling points. Moreover, vibriosis bacteria were provided by the laboratory of fish disease at Balai Besar Perikanan Budidaya Air Payau (BBPBAP) Jepara. Totally, 24 and 47 pure cultures were successfully isolated using Zobell 2216E agar medium from Tulamben, Bali and Panjang Island, Jepara respectively. The isolates were tested for antibacterial assay using plug agar diffusion methods. The top eight potential isolates were found in isolate B6.3C, B6.3D, B6.4E, B9.3C, PA.1, PA.4, PC.3, and PH.1 against Vibrio vulnificus, V. anguillarum, V. alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, however there was no activity in V. harveyi. The molecular method was carried out to identify those potential isolates using universal primer 16S rRNA. The BLAST homology showed that all potential antibacterial isolates belong to the family Bacilllaceae, such as Bacillus cereus, Virgibacillus salarius, B. aerius, B. paramycoides, B. thuringiensis, and B. altitudinis. Further research will be carried out on microencapsulation and in vivo tests.
Potential biocontrol agent of indigenous Bacillus sp. EG6.4: Molecular identification, larvicidal toxicity, and mechanism of actions
Authors: SALAMUN SALAMUN , SUSETYO RIZKY DANANG , NAFIDIASTRI FARAH AISYAH , ZAIN RIZKI AMALIAH , SARI ROSSY PERMATA , GERALDI ALMANDO , FATIMAH FATIMAH , NI’MATUZAHROH NI’MATUZAHROH
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Salamun, Susetyo RD, Nafidiastri FA, Zain RA, Sari RP, Geraldi A, Fatimah, Ni’matuzahroh. 2022. Potential biocontrol agent of indigenous Bacillus sp. EG6.4: Molecular identification, larvicidal toxicity, and mechanism of actions Biodiversitas 23: 5431-5438. This research was carried out for molecular identification, as well as the determination and mechanism of action of larvicidal toxicity of Bacillus sp. EG6.4 isolated from breeding sites of Aedes aegypti from Gresik, East Java, Indonesia. Bacillus sp. EG6.4 was a Gram-positive endospore-forming bacteria. Molecular species identification using 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that isolate had 97.89% similarity with Bacillus mojavensis. The isolate showed larvicidal toxicity against A. aegypti larvae. The lethal concentration 50% (LC50) values ??at 24 and 48hours exposure were 8.99±1.01 ×107 cells/mL and 8.43±1.01 ×107 cells/mL, respectively, while lethal time 50% (LT50) value was 11.9±1.1 hours. Production of chitinolytic enzymes or biosurfactants, chitinolytic and hemolytic assays were conducted to determine the larvicidal mechanism. As a result, Bacillus sp. EG6.4 showed hemolytic, but not chitinolytic activity, indicating its potency to produce biosurfactants. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) result showed that isolate had oval-shaped endospores located subterminal with massive-shape parasporal inclusions. The detection of srfA-D gene showed that isolate produced surfactin biosynthesis thioesterase. Thus, Bacillus sp. EG6.4 produced biosurfactant that potentially to be developed as a biocontrol agent for disease vectors and plant pathogens.
Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi isolated from Periplaneta americana against Dolichoderus sp.
Authors: Rosa Emantis , DAMAYANTI RIZKA DWI , YUSWANTORO JENSA , INDRA RACHMAT NUGRAHA , OKTARIANA PUTRI , MARDIANTO M. FARIZ FADILLAH , Arifiyanto Achmad
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Rosa E, Damayanti RD, Yuswantoro J, Indra RN, Oktariana P, Mardianto MFF, Arifiyanto A. 2022. Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi isolated from Periplaneta americana against Dolichoderus sp.. Biodiversitas 23: 5461-5468. Dolichoderus sp. was found to cause a problem for plants, buildings, and households. Many efforts have been made to regulate such animals, but they have not always been successful. Biological control has gained significance in studies as an alternative to chemical control, in which fungi and nematodes are among the successful microorganisms in managing insects. This study aimed to understand the toxicity impact of cockroach-entomopathogen against Dolichoderus sp. Isolated entomopathogens were then administrated to Dolichoderus sp. colonies under laboratory conditions to assess their mortality efficiency. The fungal suspension was sprayed on the ant colonies with concentrations of 107, 108, and 109 conidia/mL. Aspergillus carbonarius KIF3, and Penicillium sp. KIF4 were identified as entomopathogenic fungi. In this investigation, 15 individuals of Dolichoderus sp. were employed in each treatment, with three replications. Pure distilled water with 1% molasses and 0.1% Tween 80 was used as a positive control, whereas sterile distilled water was used as a negative control. The result showed that the entomopathogenic fungus Aspergillus carbonarius KIF3 significantly affected mortality in black ants when administered 109 conidia/mL conidial suspension. It was also observed that the presence of the Dolichoderus sp. population in nature is often associated with mealybugs. There is an opportunity to use an ecological control approach in black ant populations by utilizing entomopathogenic fungi.
Response of morpho-physiological traits to drought stress and screening of curly pepper (Capsicum annuum) genotypes for drought tolerance
Authors: ROSMAINA ROSMAINA , RIDHO AHMAD , ZULFAHMI ZULFAHMI
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Rosmaina, Ridho A, Zulfahmi. 2022. Response of morpho-physiological traits to drought stress and screening of curly pepper (Capsicum annuum) genotypes for drought tolerance. Biodiversitas 23: 5469-5480. Developing drought-tolerant genotypes are required to face drought condition that often occurs. The study aimed was to assess the growth, biomass, yield traits, and gas exchange of fifteen curly pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes under normal and drought-stress conditions and to determine the key traits as indicators for selecting and identifying the drought-tolerant curly pepper genotypes. Fifteen curly pepper genotypes were cultivated under normal and drought-stress conditions. Twenty-one morphological and physiological traits were recorded in the reproductive phase. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and UPGMA dendrogram cluster analysis. This study showed that drought stress conditions significantly reduced plant growth, biomass, yield characters, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and mesophyll conductance compared to normal conditions. Based on PCA analysis, stomatal limitation, mesophyll and stomatal conductances, root length, photosynthesis rate, fruit weight per plant, chlorophyll b, number of fruit, and transpiration rate were established as indicators for screening drought tolerant genotypes. The UIN-70 and UIN-65 were highly drought-tolerant genotypes according to the MFVD index. UPGMA dendrogram displayed clustering of the curly pepper genotypes consistent with the genotype's cluster based on the MFVD index. This study's findings can be utilized to improve curly pepper's drought tolerance in the future.
Interferometric thermometry of ocular tissues for retinal laser therapy
Authors: Veysset David , Zhuo Yueming , Hattori Junya , Buckhory Mohajeet , Palanker Daniel
Published: November 2022

Controlling the tissue temperature rise during retinal laser therapy is highly desirable for predictable and reproducible outcomes of the procedure, especially with non-damaging settings. In this work, we demonstrate a method for determining the optical absorption, the thermal conductivity, and the thermal expansion coefficients of RPE and choroid using phase-resolved optical coherence tomography (pOCT). These parameters are extracted from the measured changes in the optical path length (ΔOPL) using an axisymmetric thermo-mechanical model. This allows the calculation of the temperature rise during hyperthermia, which was further validated by imaging the temperature-sensitive fluorescence at the same location. We demonstrate that, with a temperature uncertainty of ±0.9°C and a peak heating of about 17°C following a laser pulse of 20 ms, this methodology is expected to be safe and sufficiently precise for calibration of the non-damaging retinal laser therapy. The method is directly translatable to in-vivo studies, where we expect a similar precision.
Feedback and compensation scheme to suppress the thermal effects from a dipole trap beam for the optical fiber microcavity
Authors: Pan Yuhao , Li Li , Zhou Xiaolong , Huang Dongyu , Shen Zemin , Wang Jian , Li Chuanfeng , Guo Guangcan
Published: November 2022

Cavity quantum electrodynamics (cavity QED) with neutral atoms is a promising platform for quantum information processing and optical fiber Fabry-Pérot microcavity with small mode volume is an important integrant for the large light-matter coupling strength. To transport cold atoms to the microcavity, a high-power optical dipole trap (ODT) beam perpendicular to the cavity axis is commonly used. However, the overlap between the ODT beam and the cavity mirrors causes thermal effects inducing a large cavity shift at the locking wavelength and a differential cavity shift at the probe wavelength which disturbs the cavity resonance. Here, we develop a feedback and compensation scheme to maintain the optical fiber microcavity resonant with the lasers at the locking and probe wavelengths simultaneously. The large cavity shift of 210 times the cavity linewidth, which makes the conventional PID scheme ineffective can be suppressed actively by a PIID feedback scheme with an additional I parameter. Differential cavity shift at the probe wavelength can be understood from the photothermal refraction and thermal expansion effects on the mirror coatings and be passively compensated by changing the frequency of the locking laser. A further normal-mode splitting measurement demonstrates the strong coupling between 85Rb atoms and cavity mode after the thermal effects are suppressed, which also confirms successful delivery and trapping of atoms into the optical cavity. This scheme can solve the thermal effects of the high-power ODT beam and will be helpful to cavity QED experimental research.
Terahertz scanning microscopy with 2λ depth of field based on photonic nanojet generated by a dielectric cuboid probe
Authors: Hisatake Shintaro , Miyake Eito
Published: November 2022

We demonstrate terahertz scanning microscopy using a dielectric cuboid probe (DCP). The protruding part of the DCP is inserted into a waveguide, which is commonly used in the millimeter- and terahertz-wave bands, to generate a photonic jet. The DCP does not require free-space optics, making the system very compact. The DCP generates a 300 GHz beam with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of less than wavelength (λ) in the region from the surface to 2λ ahead. This relatively longer depth of field (DOF) is a great advantage when the imaging target is covered with dielectric material and the probe head cannot be brought close to the imaging target. Also, this eliminates the need for precise feedback control of the distance between the uneven sample and probe, thus simplifying the microscopy system. Taking with this advantage, we demonstrate depth imaging with longitudinal and lateral spatial resolutions of about 10 µm (λ/100) and less than 1 mm (λ), respectively, by using the phase data in a reflective imaging configuration. This technology is expected to aid the realization of an inexpensive and compact high-resolution microscopy system with large DOF in the millimeter- and terahertz-wave regions.
Dispersion correction in the advanced volume holographic filter
Authors: McCaffrey Lauren , Alcaraz Pedro Enrique , Blanche Pierre-Alexandre
Published: November 2022

Thick volume Bragg gratings (VBG) have been used for wavefront selectivity in various applications such as data storage, endoscopy, or astronomic observation. However, a single thick grating is also selective in wavelength, severely limiting the spectral throughput of the system. Recently, our group introduced a two element Advanced Volume Holographic Filter (AVHF) where the first, dispersive Bragg grating is coupled to a thick VBG such that it dramatically improves the spectral bandwidth, and ultimately enhances the signal to noise ratio of polychromatic sources. Still, the two grating AVHF configuration introduced wavelength dispersion which prevents usage of the filter in imaging systems. Here, we present a solution to this problem by introducing a third diffraction grating that compensates for the dispersion of the two initial gratings. Using both simulation and experimental implementation of a visible-based, broadband AVHF system, the spectral dispersion was improved by a factor of up to 41 × compared to our previous system, re-collimating the output filtered beam. This new AVHF system can be utilized in imaging applications with noisy environments requiring filtration of a polychromatic source.
Interferometric imaging with ring-shaped apertures
Authors: Zhao Yunlei , Popescu Gabriel
Published: November 2022

We use a scattering model for image formation to demonstrate how to simulate images formed by ring-shaped illumination. The description assumes weakly scattering samples, such as phase objects of broad interest in live cell imaging, which also makes no angular approximations and covers forward and backward scattering, single-angle and angle-averaged illumination, as well as monochromatic and broadband light. The numerical experiments reveal the image formation behavior that is consistent with recent experiments reported in the literature, which shows this model can be applied to different imaging systems that are based on ring-shaped illumination with good performance, by considering the incident as a plane wave incident originating at the ring aperture.
Enhanced optical trapping of ZrO2@TiO2 photonic force probe with broadened solvent compatibility
Authors: Peng Miao , Luo Hui , Xiong Wei , Kuang Tengfang , Chen Xinlin , Han Xiang , Xiao Guangzong , Tan Zhongqi
Published: November 2022

Optical trapping and manipulating nanoparticles are essential tools for interrogating biomedicine at the limits of space and time. Typically, silica or polystyrene microspheres are used as photonic force probes. However, adapting those probes to organic solvents is an ongoing challenge due to the limited solvent compatibility and low refractive index mismatch. Here we report on the optical force enhancement and solvent compatibility that utilizes ZrO2@TiO2 core-shell nanoparticles. We experimentally demonstrate that the 450-nm-diameter ZrO2@TiO2 core-shell nanoparticles achieve the lateral and axial trap stiffness up to 0.45 pN µm−1 mW−1 and 0.43 pN µm−1 mW−1 in water, showing more than fivefold and ninefold improvement on the ordinary SiO2 particle of the same size. In addition, ZrO2@TiO2 core-shell nanoparticles can realize stable three-dimensional trapping in both polyethylene glycol and glucose solutions. This optical trapping enhancement property, coupled with solvent compatibility, expands the range of feasible optical trapping experiments and will pave the way toward more advanced biological applications.
Strategies to improve patient loyalty and medication adherence in Syrian healthcare setting: The mediating role of patient satisfaction
Authors: AlOmari Firas , A. Hamid Abu Bakar
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the relationships between service quality, patient satisfaction, patient loyalty and medication adherence in the Syrian healthcare setting from a patient’s perspective. Based on random sampling technique, data collection was conducted in six hospitals located in the Syrian capital Damascus. The reliability and validity of the theoretical model had been confirmed using quantitative analyses SmartPLS software. The study indicated that our proposed model can significantly explain (35) per cent of patient satisfaction, (55) per cent of patient loyalty and (46) per cent medication adherence in a statistically manner. Our results highlighted that patient satisfaction mediated the relationship between patient loyalty and service quality (assurance, reliability and financial aspect). Besides, patient satisfaction had mediation effect on the relationship between medication adherence and service quality (reliability and financial aspect). Financial aspect had the highest impact on patient satisfaction (β = 0.242) and medication adherence (β = 0.302). In addition, reliability was the only dimension of service quality that had a significant direct impact on patient satisfaction, patient loyalty and medication adherence. To increase patient loyalty in Syrian hospitals, healthcare professionals should place a greater emphasis on the reliability and responsiveness elements of service quality. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first study conducted during the COVID pandemic to evaluate the mediating role of patient satisfaction in the relationship between service quality, patient loyalty and medication adherence in the Syrian healthcare sector.
A large Australian longitudinal cohort registry demonstrates sustained safety and efficacy of oral medicinal cannabis for at least two years
Authors: Vickery Alistair W. , Roth Sebastian , Ernenwein Tracie , Kennedy Jessica , Washer Patrizia
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Oral medicinal cannabis (MC) has been increasingly prescribed for a wide range of clinical conditions since 2016. Despite an exponential rise in prescriptions and publications, high quality clinical efficacy and safety studies are lacking. The outcomes of a large Australian clinical electronic registry cohort are presented.

Methods

A prospective cannabis-naïve patient cohort prescribed oral MC participated in an ongoing longitudinal registry at a network of specialised clinics. Patient MC dose, safety and validated outcome data were collected regularly over two years and analysed.

Results

3,961 patients (mean age 56.07 years [SD 19.08], 51.0% female) with multimorbidity (mean diagnoses 5.14 [SD 4.08]) and polypharmacy (mean 6.26 medications [SD 4.61]) were included in this analysis. Clinical indications were for: chronic pain (71.9%), psychiatric (15.4%), neurological (2.1%), and other diagnoses (10.7%). Median total oral daily dose was 10mg for Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and 22.5mg for cannabidiol (CBD). A stable dose was observed for over two years. 37.3% experienced treatment related adverse events. These were graded mild (67%), moderate (31%), severe (<2%, n = 23) and two (0.1%) serious adverse events. Statistically significant improvements at a p value of <0.001 across all outcomes were sustained for over two years, including: clinical global impression (CGI-E, +39%: CGI-I, +52%; p<0.001), pain interference and severity (BPI, 26.1% and 22.2%; p<0.001), mental health (DASS-21, depression 24.5%, anxiety 25.5%, stress 27.7%; p<0.001), insomnia (ISI, 35.0%; p<0.001), and health status (RAND SF36: physical function, 34.4%: emotional well-being, 37.3%; p<0.001). Mean number of concomitant medications did not significantly change over 2 years (p = 0.481).

Conclusions

Oral MC was demonstrated to be safe and well-tolerated for a sustained period in a large complex cohort of cannabis-naïve, multimorbid patients with polypharmacy. There was significant improvement (p<0.001) across all measured clinical outcomes over two years. Results are subject to limitations of Real World Data (RWD) for causation and generalisability. Future high quality randomised controlled trials are awaited.
Assessment of COVID-19 vaccination among healthcare workers in Iraq; adverse effects and hesitancy
Authors: Darweesh Omeed , Khatab Nasir , Kheder Ramiar , Mohammed Thulfiqar , Faraj Tola , Ali Sabah , Ameen Muath , Kamal-Aldin Azad , Alswes Mohammed , Al-Jomah Naif
Published: November 2022

Several messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and inactivated COVID-19 vaccines are available to the global population as of 2022. The acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine will play a key role in combating the worldwide pandemic. Public confidence in this vaccine is largely based on its safety and effectiveness. This study was designed to provide independent evidence of the adverse effects associated with COVID-19 vaccines among healthcare workers in Iraq and to identify the attitudes of healthcare workers who rejected the vaccination. We conducted a cross-sectional study to collect data on the adverse effects of the Pfizer, AstraZeneca, and Sinopharm vaccines. Data were collected between October 2021 and February 2022. A total of 2,202 participants were enrolled in the study: (89.97%) received injections of the COVID-19 vaccines and (10.03%) were hesitant to receive the vaccination. Participants received either the Pfizer vaccine (62.9%), AstraZeneca vaccine (23.5%) or Sinopharm vaccine (13.6%). Most adverse effects were significantly less prevalent in the second dose than in the first dose. Notably, the adverse effects associated with the Pfizer vaccine were significantly more prevalent in females than in males. Following the first dose, the participants experienced more adverse effects with the AstraZeneca vaccine. Following the second dose, more adverse effects were associated with the Pfizer vaccine. Interestingly, the prevalence of COVID-19 infection in participants who received two doses of the Pfizer vaccine was significantly reduced compared to those who received two doses of either the AstraZeneca or Sinopharm vaccines. According to vaccine-hesitated participants, insufficient knowledge (29.9%), expeditious development (27.6%) and lack of trust in the vaccines (27.1%) were the three major reasons for refusing the vaccines. The results of our study indicated that these adverse effects do not present a significant problem and should not prevent successful control of the COVID-19 pandemic.