bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do They Really Try to Save Their Buddy? Anthropomorphism about Animal Epimeletic Behaviours
Authors: Sueur Cedric , Forin-Wiart Marie-Amélie , Pelé Marie
Published: August 2020

In this study, we asked participants to answer an online questionnaire about videos showing animal epimeletic behaviours: an individual (a sparrow, an elephant and a macaque) displayed behaviours towards an inanimate conspecific who suddenly got back to conscious at the end of the footage. A fourth video showed a dog-robot kicked by an engineer to demonstrate its stability. After each video, questions were asked to score the degree of anthropomorphism of participants, from mentophobia (no attribution whatever the species) to full anthropomorphism and to measure how close participants are to biological reality (actual scientific knowledge). A first important result is that there is a negative correlation (about 61%) between the anthropomorphism score (AS) and the biological reality one (BRS) showing a wrong statement. The heterogeneity of responses proved that all levels of anthropomorphism are covered from mentaphobia to full anthropomorphism. However, the scores participants attributed to animals differ according to the species shown in the video and to human characteristics. Understanding how one can play with these factors can conduct to better relationships with animals as encourage human-robot interactions. Finally, such reflective anthropomorphism can lead to an increase of human empathy and sociality, finally increasing our humanity.
Application of 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as Spirits Screener for Quality and Authenticity Control
Authors: Teipel Jan C. , Hausler Thomas , Sommerfeld Katharina , Scharinger Andreas , Walch Stephan G. , Lachenmeier Dirk W. , Kuballa Thomas
Published: August 2020

Due to legal regulations, the rise of globalised (online) commerce and the need for public health protection, the analysis of spirits (alcoholic beverages > 15 % vol) is a task with growing importance for governmental and commercial laboratories. In this article a newly developed method using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for the simultaneous determination of 15 substances relevant for the quality and authenticity assessment of spirits is described. The new method starts with a simple and rapid sample preparation and does not need an internal standard. For each sample a group of 1H-NMR spectra is recorded, among them a 2D spectrum for analyte identification and 1D spectra with suppression of solvent signals for quantification. Using the Pulse Length Based Concentration Determination (PULCON) method, concentrations are calculated from curve fits of the characteristic signals for each analyte. The optimisation of the spectra, their evaluation and the transfer of the results are done fully automatically. Glucose, fructose, sucrose, acetic acid, citric acid, formic acid, ethyl acetate, ethyl lactate, acetaldehyde, ethanol, methanol, n-propanol, isobutanol, isopentanol, 2-phenylethanol and 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) can be quantified with an overall accuracy better than 8 %. This new NMR-based targeted quantification method enables the simultaneous and efficient quantification of relevant spirits ingredients in their typical concentration ranges in one process with good accuracy. It has proven to be a reliable method for all kinds of spirits in routine food control.
Experimental Study of the Forces and Parameters for the Opening of Incisions Inside Ocular Cavity
Authors: Ramírez-Beltrán Victor Olenin , Zuninga Avilés Luis Adrian , Valdovinos-Rosas Rosa Maria , Reyes-Lagos Jose Javier , Cruz-Martínez Giorgio Mackenzie
Published: August 2020

The experimental results of forces and efforts derived from the opening of incisions in the orbital cavity in a pig’s head are presented in this article. The different areas of the incision openings are related to the needs at the incision procedure for a dacryocystorhinostomy. In terms of the experimental procedure, an origin and a plane are defined so as to allow the location of the opening of the incision. The incisions are retracted along an axis of said origin. This procedure has been based on the mathematical model developed for this work, which consists of a procedure for determining the behavior of an incision when a force is applied to retract the skin. The experimental data obtained, suggests the existence of an almost linear relationship between the increment of resistance in relation to the time obtained for each opening, the same of which is deemed to be consistent with the behavior of an elastic material.
A Cost-efficient Model for Predicting Cerebral Aβ Burden Using MRI and Neuropsychological Markers in the ADNI-2 Cohort: Comparisons in Predictability among Machine Learning Models
Authors: Ko Hyunwoong , Park Seho , Ihm Jungjoon
Published: August 2020

Substantial studies have focused on early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cerebral amyloid beta (Aβ), is hallmark of AD, can be observed in vivo via positron emission tomography imaging using amyloid tracer or cerebrospinal fluid assessment, but costly expensive. The current study aims to identify and compared predictability in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers and neuropsychological markers to predict cerebral Aβ status in AD cohort using machine learning (ML) approaches. The predictability in candidate markers for cerebral Aβ status was examined by analyzing 724 participants from the ADNI-2 cohort. Demographic variables, structural MRI markers, and neuropsychological test scores were used as input in several ML algorithms to predict cerebral Aβ positivity. Out of five combination of candidate markers, neuropsychological markers with demographics showed the most cost-efficient result. A feature selection model could distinguish abnormal levels of Aβ with the predictability of 0.85, indicating the same performance with MRI-based models. The result has first to identified the predictability in MRI markers using ML approaches, and secondary to demonstrate the neuropsychological model with demographics could predict Aβ positivity, suggesting a more cost-efficient method for detecting cerebral Aβ status compared to MRI markers.
Microvesicle Formation Induced by Oxidative Stress in Human Erythrocytes
Authors: Sudnitsyna Julia , Skverchinskaya Elisaveta , Dobrylko Irina , Nikitina Elena R. , Gambaryan Stepan , Mindukshev Igor
Published: August 2020

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by different cell types play significant role in many physiological and pathophysiological processes. In physiological conditions red blood cells (RBCs) derived EVs compose 4 - 8% of all circulating EVs, and oxidative stress (OS) as a consequence of different pathophysiological conditions significantly increases the amount of circulated RBC-derived EVs, however the mechanisms of EV formation are not fully defined yet. To analyze OS-induced EV formation and RBCs transformations we used flow cytometry to evaluate cell esterase activity, caspase-3 activity, and band 3 clustering. Band 3 clustering was additionally analyzed by confocal microscopy. Two original laser diffraction-based approaches were used for analysis of cell deformability and band 3 activity. Hemoglobin species were characterized spectrophotometrically. We showed that cell viability in tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced OS directly correlated with oxidant concentration to cell count ratio, RBCs-derived EVs contained hemoglobin oxidized to hemichrome (HbChr). OS induced caspase-3 activation and band 3 clustering in cells and EVs. Importantly, we showed that OS-induced EV formation is independent from calcium. Presented data indicated that during OS RBCs eliminate HbChr by vesiculation, in order to sacrifice the cell itself thereby prolonging lifespan and delaying the untimely clearance of in all other respects healthy RBCs.
Clinically Relevant Germline Mutations in a Cohort of Young Women with Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Analysis of Hereditary-Cancer Genes from Whole-Exome Sequencing
Authors: Gomez-Flores-Ramos Liliana , Dean Micheal , Jones Kristine , Wang Mingyi , Villarreal-Garza Cynthia , Álvarez-Gómez Rosa María , Wegman-Ostrosky Talia , Reynoso-Noverón Nancy , Fragoso-Ontiveros Verónica , Sánchez-Zamorano Luisa , Trujillo-Martínez Miguel , Grimaldo Lizbeth , Gallegos-Arreola Patricia , Ostrosky-Wegman Patricia , Mohar-Betancourt Alejandro
Published: August 2020

Young women with breast cancer represent 15% of cancer cases in Latin America. Genomic studies have found that early-onset breast-cancer cases exhibit a higher genetic susceptibility and a specific genomic signature as compared to their older counterparts. The aim of this study was to describe clinically relevant germline mutations in a cohort of young women with breast cancer. To achieve this, we analyzed hereditary-cancer genes from whole-exome sequencing data in 108 unrelated women with an extreme phenotype of breast cancer (≤40 years of age), diagnosed and treated at the National Cancer Institute of Mexico; 11% of the patients carried a pathogenic variant. BRCA2 comprised 46% of the mutations, followed by BRCA1 with 23%; PALB2 with 15%; and TP53 and RAD51C with 8 % each. This article describes a novel pathogenic mutation in RAD51C c.519dupT. The median age at diagnosis was 35 years overall; however, it was six years younger in patients with mutations. Age at diagnosis (OR=0.82, CI 95% 0.71-0.94; P= 0.008) and first-degree family history of cancer (OR=8.26, CI95% 1.35-50; P= 0.022) were the only epidemiological variables associated with mutational status. We found no differences in disease-free survival (p=0.403) or overall survival (p=0.735) among mutational status subgroups.
Analisis Pembelajaran Kimia Menggunakan Media Modul Pada Siswa Kelas X SMK Negeri 3 Merauke
Authors: Asmaningrum Henie Poerwandar , Maarebia Rosalinda Zeniona
Published: August 2020

This study aims to analyze the implementation of chemistry learning using module media in terms of student achievement and student responses to the use of modules. This type of research is a descriptive quantitative method. Data collection techniques in the form of test results, observation, interviews, and the results of student questionnaire responses. The research subjects were students of class X Building, totaling 24 students. The results showed that learning chemistry using media modules followed the steps in the form of preparation of study material, practice exercises and evaluation of learning achievement. The use of modules in chemistry learning increases student learning achievement from 48.38 to 78,18. Students also gave a positive response to the use of modules in learning, namely 90% in the feasible category. Another thing that was observed was the implementation of learning supported by internal factors in the form of teacher and student readiness, the mastery of the study material, learning motivation, and the appropriateness of the task with the study material. In addition there is also support from external factors such as the family environment, relationships, and schools.

KeywordsLearning, Chemistry, Modules, Learning Achievement, Student Responses
Комплексный анализ и прогноз развития эпидемиологической ситуации по COVID-19 в Российской Федерации
Authors: Антонец Денис , Плоскирева Антонина , Поспелов Михаил , Смоленский Вячеслав
Published: August 2020

Представлен анализ эпидемиологической ситуации по COVID-19 в Российской Федерации; на основании полученных данных составлен прогноз вероятного развития эпидемии в Российской Федерации осенью 2020 г.
Manajemen keuangan pribadi: literasi ekonomi, literasi keuangan, dan kecerdasan spiritual
Authors: Hariani Lilik Sri , Andayani Endah
Published: August 2020

Personal financial management is the activity of planning, organizing, directing, and supervising financial activities such as the procurement and use of funds owned for the survival of the family. Many factors influence personal financial management. This study aims to analyze economic literacy, financial literacy, and spiritual intelligence on personal financial management. This study used a quantitative descriptive approach, with a sample of 73 housewives in Malang City who were taken randomly. Data collection using questionnaires and data analysis using Multiple Linear Regression analysis. The results showed that economic literacy, financial literacy, and spiritual intelligence simultaneously affect personal financial management, financial literacy and spiritual intelligence partially affect personal financial management, while economic literacy partially has no effect on personal financial management. As a housewife who usually acts as a manager in the family, at least you must understand two main concepts in financial management, namely the concept of cost and benefit and the concept of cash flow. For further researchers, it can expand the sample and add other variables so that it can better describe how financial management is for the people of Malang.
Students' Creative Thinking Skills in the Implementation of Problem Based Learning (PBL) integrated Brainstrorming Method
Authors: Fatmawati Nur Amila , Wulandari Fitria Eka
Published: August 2020

This research aims to examine the effect of problem-based learning (PBL) integrated brainstorming learning method on students' creative thinking skill. The method used in this research is Quasi-Experimental with - test and Post- test Control Group design. The sampling in this research is sampling namely 23 students in IX A and 23 in IX D. The instrument applied in this study is a creative thinking test that is made in accordance with the indicators of creative thinking based on . To data, the researcher uses independent sample T-test. The research result showed that there is a significant difference of problem based learning (PBL) integrated brainstorming learning method for students' creative thinking skill.
Análise do custo-efetividade da implantação de uma Unidade de Prática Integrada no cuidado de idosos com fratura do quadril
Authors: Avelino Natália , Chaoubah Alfredo , Fernandes Guilherme , Loures Fabiano , Ortega Guillermo , Magacho Flávia Lícia , Gonçalves Patrícia
Published: August 2020

Objetivo: Avaliar o custo-efetividade da internação de idosos com fratura do quadril antes e após a implantação de uma unidade multidisciplinar em um serviço de Ortopedia. Métodos: Estudo observacional retrospectivo de caráter quantitativo. Cinquenta e três idosos foram submetidos ao tratamento usual e 219 foram assistidos pela equipe multidisciplinar. Para avaliação dos custos e efetividade, foram utilizados os testes t de Student e qui-quadrado, com nível de significância de 0,05. Para a análise de custo-efetividade, com perspectiva do prestador de saúde, considerando os custos diretos médicos, foi utilizado o modelo estatístico do tipo árvore de decisão. A comparação entre as duas alternativas foi medida pela razão de custo-efetividade incremental. Resultados: Após a introdução da unidade multidisciplinar, o tempo entre o trauma e a cirurgia diminuiu de 4,21 dias para 2,47 (p < 0,001), a permanência, de 8,78 dias para 6,58 (p = 0,041) e a mortalidade, de 22,6% para 8,2% (p < 0,001). O custo do tratamento nos dois grupos não apresentou diferença significativa (p = 0,838). Conclusão: A introdução da unidade multidisciplinar se mostrou custo-efetiva, uma vez que resultou em menor tempo de internação hospitalar e menor mortalidade intra-hospitalar.
Permeability Variation and Its Impact on Oil Recovery from Unconsolidated Sand Heavy-Oil Reservoirs during Steamflooding Process
Authors: Zhong Liguo , Han Xiaodong , Yuan Xiaonan , Liu Yigang , Zou Jian , Wang Qiuxia
Published: August 2020

In the steam-injection processing of unconsolidated heavy-oil reservoirs, the pore space may change because of the overburden pressure increase and wormhole generation. Meanwhile, injected high-temperature steam can result in mineral dissolution and alteration and consequent diameter change of sand particles and pore space. To obtain a better and more thorough understanding of permeability variation characteristics during the steamflooding process, a series of experiments with sand-packed tubes was designed and conducted. On the basis of quantified experimental data, a numerical model was built by taking various permeability variation mechanisms into consideration. Reservoir simulations were consequently carried out to study the permeability distribution variation on the field scale and its impact on oil recovery. The results showed that with increasing overburden pressure, the permeability and porosity of the sand tube were both decreased. Permeability decrease ranged from 35 to 54%, and porosity decrease was approximately 5%. The partial permeability was increased by more than four times when a wormhole was generated at the outlet. The permeability and porosity of sand-packed tubes were increased because of mineral dissolution in the steamflooding process. Particle migration and mineral dissolution resulted in permeability variation and formation of a high-permeability region in the reservoir, which enhanced the heterogeneity of the reservoir. The high-permeability region mainly formed at the upper layer of the reservoir in the vertical direction and on the line between steam injection and oil production wells in the horizontal direction. Permeability variation exacerbated the steam channeling, which resulted in more remaining oil and a lower oil recovery rate of the reservoir. When permeability variation was considered in a numerical simulation, the cumulative oil production for 4 years was decreased by approximately 7000 m3, and the oil recovery rate was decreased by 4.3%.
Determining Attributes of Finite Fracture Networks in Low-Permeability Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Ozkaya Sait I.
Published: August 2020

Carbonate reservoirs usually consist of multiple units each with different degrees of layer-bound fracture density, height, length, and angular scatter. Some units may have finite fracture networks (FFNs), and some others may contain only isolated fractures. FFNs are islands of interconnected fractures within a sea of isolated fractures. The fracture volume can be estimated from the initial surge in production if a wellbore intersects only a single FFN. Combining with fracture density and aperture measurements from borehole images, FFN volume, drainage area, and other relevant attributes can be calculated. If, however, a slanted well intersects an unknown number of FFNs each in a different unit, it is not possible to estimate each FFN fracture volume from initial fracture production. Because the connectivity threshold for initiation of FFNs is not known or cannot be calculated, it is not possible to determine how many FFNs the borehole intersects. One way is to set an arbitrary threshold of fracture connectivity, λc.

Based on this initial value, a fracture-flow model can be generated and adjusted until the inferred rate time and cumulative time curves converge to observed values. The adjustment is accomplished by changing the number of FFNs using different connectivity threshold λc and estimating their size by modifying unknown or uncertain parameters such as fracture aperture. The final model yields the mostly likely number and size of all FFNs and provides an approximate forecast for future production performance.

The ability to match production performance without taking pressure into consideration shows that rate decrease in fractured reservoirs with FFNs is not only related to pressure drawdown but also, perhaps more importantly, to depletion of FFNs starting from the smallest size or the one with highest drainage efficiency.

One drawback of the method is that different numbers of FFNs may have similar inferred production performance and cumulative production. This is an inevitable drawback inherent in most models that must rely on multiple uncertain or unknown parameters. The only way to decrease the range of possible solutions is to decrease the uncertainties in the underlying input parameters. In any case, alternative results may be presented as a range of possible solutions.
Education and income-based inequality in tooth loss among Brazilian adults: does the place you live make a difference?
Authors: Ferreira Raquel , Senna Maria Inês Barreiros , Rodrigues Lorrany Gabriele , Campos Fernanda Lamounier , Martins Andrea Maria Eleuterio de Barros Lima , Kawachi Ichiro
Published: August 2020

Background: Socioeconomic inequalities in tooth loss might be minimized or potentialized by the characteristics of the context where people live. We examined whether there is contextual variation in socioeconomic inequalities in tooth loss across Brazilian municipalities. Methods: Data from the 2010 National Oral Health Survey of 9,633 adults living in 157 Brazilian municipalities were used. The individual socioeconomic indicators were education and household income. At the municipal level, we used the Municipal Human Development Index (HDI) as our contextual indicator of socioeconomic status (low:<0.699 versus high: >0.70). The Relative (RII) and Slope (SII) Indexes of Inequality, Relative (RCI), and Absolute (ACI) Concentration Indexes were calculated to compare the magnitude of education and income-based inequalities among municipalities with low versus high HDI. Multilevel Poisson regression models with random intercepts and slopes were developed. Results: At the individual level, adults with lower education & income reported more tooth loss. The mean number of missing teeth was 9.52 (95%CI: 7.93-11.13) and 6.95 (95%CI: 6.43-7.49) in municipalities with low and high HDI, respectively. Municipalities with high HDI showed higher relative and absolute education-based inequality. For income-based inequalities, higher SII and RCI was observed in municipalities with lower HDI. A significant cross-level interaction indicated that high-education adults reported fewer missing teeth when they lived in municipalities with high HDI compared to adults with the same education level living in low HDI municipalities. For individuals with the lowest education level, there was no difference in the number of teeth between those from municipalities with high and low HDI.Conclusions: There was a social gradient in tooth loss by education and income. Living in disadvantaged municipalities cannot overcome the risk associated with low schooling. The protective effect of higher education can be reduced when people live in disadvantaged areas.
Relationship between social support status and mortality in a community-based population: a prospective observational study (Yamagata study)
Authors: Uzuki Tsutomu , Konta Tsuneo , Saito Ritsuko , Sho Ri , Osaki Tsukasa , Souri Masayoshi , Watanabe Masafumi , Ishizawa Kenichi , Yamashita Hidetoshi , Ueno Yoshiyuki , Kayama Takamasa
Published: August 2020

Background: Social support, defined as the exchange of support in social relationships, plays a vital role in maintaining healthy behavior and mitigating the effects of stressors. This study investigated whether functional aspect of social support is related to 5-year mortality in health checkup participants. Methods: This study recruited 16,651 subjects (6,797 males, 9,854 females). Social support was evaluated using five-component questions: Do you have someone 1) whom you can consult when you are in trouble? 2) whom you can consult when your physical condition is not good? 3) who can help you with daily homework? 4) who can take you to hospital when you don’t feel well? and 5) who can take care of you when you are ill in bed? The association between the component of social support and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality was examined using Cox proportional hazard analysis. Results: The percentage of subjects without social support components was 7.7%-15.0%. They were more likely to be male, non-elderly, and living alone. During the follow-up period, there were 166 all-cause and 38 cardiovascular deaths. Cox proportional analysis adjusted for confounders showed that only the lack of support for transportation to hospital was significantly associated with all-cause (hazard ratio [HR] 2.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26-3.05) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 3.30, 95% CI 1.41-6.87). These associations were stronger in males than females. Conclusion: This study showed that the lack of social support for transportation to the hospital was independently associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a community-based population.
Extreme geomagnetic activities: A statistical study
Authors: Kataoka Ryuho
Published: August 2020

Statistical distributions are investigated for magnetic storms, sudden commencements (SCs), and substorms to identify the possible amplitude of the one in 100-year and 1000-year events from a limited data set of less than 100 years. The lists of magnetic storms and SCs are provided from Kakioka Magnetic Observatory, while the list of substorms are obtained from SuperMAG. It is found that majorities of events essentially follow the log-normal distribution, as expected from the random output from a complex system. However, it is uncertain that largest-amplitude events follow the same log-normal distributions, and rather follow the power-law distributions. Based on the statistical distributions, the probable amplitudes of the 100-year (1000-year) events can be estimated for magnetic storms, SCs, and substorms as approximately 750 nT (1100 nT), 230 nT (450 nT), and 5000 nT (6200 nT), respectively. The possible origin to cause the statistical distributions are also discussed, consulting the other space weather phenomena such as solar flares, coronal mass ejections, and solar energetic particles.
Cerebral fat embolization with paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity syndrome and septic shock at high altitude: A case report and literature review
Authors: Li Min , Zhu Gang , Guo Hao , Ge Shun Nan , Gao Guo Dong , Qu Yan
Published: August 2020

Background Cerebral fat embolism (CFE) syndrome at high altitude was rare complicated with paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) syndrome and septic shock. It is a challenge to differential diagnosis and treatment at high altitude. Case presentation This case presents a CFE with PSH and septic shock of a 23-year-old man occurred at high altitude of 3800 meters above sea level, transferred by airplane successfully and cured in the department of neurosurgery, Xi`an Tangdu Hospital.Conclusions It is key that CFE with PSH can be rapid diagnosed and treatment bundles of septic shock should be initiated as soon as possible. Early neurological rehabilitation played an important role for good outcome.
Post-Occupancy Evaluation of a University Shopping Mall Facility
Authors: AHMED Wahhaj , HASSANAIN Mohammad A.
Published: August 2020

Post-occupancy evaluation (POE) is a performance assessment methodology, which can be applied to determine the level of user satisfaction with any given facility. Since university shopping malls could have an impact on the students’ academic experience and well-being, it is of paramount significance that university shopping mall facilities are designed and operated to the highest standards. The Extensive literature review highlighted the lack of POE studies for assessing the quality of shopping mall facilities. This study aims at addressing this gap, by presenting the findings of an investigative POE of a university shopping mall facility. The Literature review was conducted pertaining to the technical and functional performance requirements of shopping malls. Twenty-nine performance indicators were identified for shopping mall facilities. These were grouped under five categories, namely building performance, safety and security, proximity and accessibility, space planning and layout, and mall services. A questionnaire survey was developed based on the identified performance indicators. The survey was administered to obtain the students’ feedback on the university shopping mall facility. In addition, a walkthrough tour of the mall facility was performed to identify issues, which can be immediately recognized. Finally, a plan of action was developed to improve the performance of the shopping mall facility. The study is beneficial to planners, architects and facilities managers of such facilities.
The Concept of Smart City in Terms of Improving the Quality and Accessibility of Urban Space for the Elderly; Literature Review
Authors: SZEWCZENKO Anna
Published: August 2020

The paper presents the results of literature review concerned with the possibilities of using ICT for creating a new dimension of accessibility and quality of space. The aim of conducted research was to indicate the main strategies and use ICT as a contribution to the quality of life of the elderly. The article refers to the idea of age-friendly city in connection with the Smart City. As the method a systematic literature review was used, based on the available scientific databases. The results shows that the largest part of project activities in this area involves the use of Internet of Things infrastructure in the field of healthcare and for care services as well as for the maintenance of elderly’s social contacts. Therefore, the concept of Smart City offers the elderly residents many options to compensate for psychophysical dysfunctions and related with them limitations in social life, however, it demands parallel education to develop digital competences for older people.
Approach to Assessing the Consequences of Emergencies in Sewer Tunnels
Authors: STARKOVA Olha , ALEINIKOVA Alevtyna , BONDARENKO Dmitro
Published: August 2020

The paper deals with the approach to assessing the consequences of emergencies in sewer tunnels based on multicriteria analysis. A detailed analysis was performed of tendencies of research interests and areas in the world concerning the issue of the reliability of sewer networks. The main causes of deterioration of sewer tunnels resulting in the occurrence of emergencies were identified. A classification was proposed of the factors of their deterioration according to the following groups: production factors; factors of durability of materials of linear portions of a network; organizational and technological factors; operational factors; factors of the external operating environment. The main groups of consequences caused by emergencies were classified; in particular, the following groups were identified: ecological, economic, technical, social, innovative. The method was proposed for determining ranks of consequences of an emergency by means of the corresponding scale of ranks developed by the authors and the system of their determination. The main criteria and the range of their values were determined according to which an assessment is given and a rank is determined according to the emergency.
Isolation and Screening of Bacteria with Ability to Decolorize Selected Synthetic Dyes – Preliminary Results
Authors: ZABŁOCKA-GODLEWSKA Ewa , PRZYSTAŚ Wioletta , GODLEWSKA Maria
Published: August 2020

Commonly used synthetic dyes cause serious problems with their efficient removal from sewage. The bioaugmentation of sewage treatment systems with highly decolorizing bacteria may be a solution. The aim of the study was the screening of bacteria with high ability to remove synthetic dyes (brilliant green (BG), crystal violet (CV), erythrosine (Er). The bacteria were isolated from municipal sewage, compost and rotten beech wood. Mineral and nutrient solid growth media supplemented with dyes (BG or EB) at a concentration 0.1 gL-1 were used. At second stage of screening the liquid nutrient broth supplemented with one of dye (BG, CV or Er at concentration 0.1 gL-1) was used. The contents of dyes in samples (after 96 h) were measured spectrophotometrically. The largest number of decolorizers were obtained from wastewater, then from compost and the rotten wood. In the case of BG and CV even small differences in the structure of the molecules affect the results of dyes removal. The structurally simpler BG was definitely better removed than CV. The results of the removal of Er were worse than BG but better than CV. Bacteria isolated at mineral medium removed dyes with higher efficiency.
Guaranteed time slot trade-off in QOS improvement with IEEE standard 802.15.4 for wireless sensor networks at the MAC layer
Authors: Bamber S. S.
Published: August 2020

The performance of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) with IEEE standard 802.15.4 at different types of devices can be improved with the appropriate utilization of guaranteed time slots (GTSs) in superframe at the media access control (MAC) layer. GTS implementation at the MAC layer enhances quality of service (QoS) by providing guarantee for delivery in time to the data collected at real time by the reduced functional device (RFD) from the surroundings to be transmitted to the fully functional device (FFD). Results prove that trade-off has to be done in implementing GTSs for various network performance parameters like queue size, queuing delay, CSMA medium access delay, CSMA transmission failures, and network output load to improve QoS.
IoT enabled sensor node: a tutorial paper
Authors: James Alice , Seth Avishkar , Mukhopadhyay Subhas C.
Published: August 2020

A descriptive guide to develop smart sensor nodes for Internet of Things (IoT) application has been presented in the paper. The current technology of low-power wide area network (LPWAN) which transmits data with low power consumption over a wide area has been illustrated in the scope of this project. An overview of the transition of IoT devices from a limited range personal area network to wide area network is justified. A sensor node has been developed and tested to validate the implementation of a LoRa network, which can be an exemplar for sensor nodes for various applications.
Collaborative teaching in flexible learning spaces: Capabilities of beginning teachers
Authors: Whyte Barbara
Published: August 2020

Increasingly, New Zealand primary and intermediate schools are adopting the concept of flexible learning spaces and promoting team teaching approaches. Such open spaces and pedagogy can be challenging for even experienced teachers to adapt to. Is it realistic, therefore, to expect novices to work successfully in these challenging spaces from the onset of their teaching careers? Initial Teacher Education (ITE) programmes in New Zealand equip graduates with the knowledge and skills to plan, teach and evaluate learning for a diverse class of children with individual learning, social and cultural needs. However, while researching their own practice working within new spaces and pedagogy, some experienced Bay of Plenty intermediate and primary teachers articulated additional necessities for beginning teachers starting out in such complex teaching environments. Analysis of their ideas suggests such spaces require teachers to have particular capabilities if they are to work collaboratively in open learning spaces. This paper argues that ITE programmes and leaders need to be proactive and include appropriate theoretical and pragmatic coursework, to assist student teachers to cultivate the capabilities required of collaborative team members, by the time they graduate.
Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with sugarcane in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
Authors: Singh Phougeishangbam Rolish , Kashando Beatrice E. , Couvreur Marjolein , Karssen Gerrit , Bert Wim
Published: August 2020

Morphological and molecular analyses of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) from 12 sugarcane plantation sites of Tanganyika Planting Company (TPC) Limited in Kilimanjaro region of Tanzania revealed the presence of six PPN genera, i.e. Helicotylenchus, Hemicycliophora, Pratylenchus, Rotylenchulus, Scutellonema, and Tylenchorhynchus. The genera with the highest densities and present in virtually all samples were Pratylenchus and Rotylenchulus, and the most important species appeared to be R. parvus, P. zeae, T. crassicaudatus, and T. ventrosignatus. A total sequences of 11 partial ITS, 15 D2-D3 of 28S, and 6 partial 18S of rRNA gene, and 7 partial COI gene of mtDNA of these species were obtained in this study. Morphology and molecular data comparisons between the Tanzanian R. parvus and the South African R. parvus indicated that R. parvus is a cryptic species complex. Based on the results of morphological and molecular analyses of T. crassicaudatus and T. agri from China, Haiti, Indonesia, Iran, Niger and the USA, T. agri syn. n. is proposed as a junior synonym of T. crassicaudatus.
Description of Deladenus brevis n. sp. (Sphaerularioidea: Neotylenchidae) from Iran: a morphological and molecular phylogenetic study
Authors: Heydari Fariba , Abolafia Joaquín , Pedram Majid
Published: August 2020

Deladenus brevis n. sp. is described and illustrated based upon its morphological, morphometric, and molecular characters. The new species is mainly characterized by its small body size (367-454 µm long females and 350, 391 µm long males) and has small lateral vulval flaps. It is further characterized by having six lines in the lateral fields, cephalic region slightly expanded, narrower adjacent to the body, short 6 to 7 µm long stylet with three posteriorly sloped knobs, no post-vulval uterine sac (PUS), conical tail, narrowing to a rounded tip, and rare males with slender tylenchoid spicules and bursa reaching the tail tip. By having six lines in the lateral fields, the new species was compared with five known species of the genus, namely D. apopkaetus, D. cocophilus, D. durus, D. obtusicaudatus, and D. persicus, having comparable number (six or seven) of lines in the lateral fields. It was further compared with D. pakistanensis having lateral vulval flaps. The differences with above-mentioned species are discussed. In molecular phylogenetic analyses using nearly full length small and large subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU and LSU D2-D3 rDNA) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI mtDNA) gene sequences, D. brevis n. sp. formed clade with species of the genus with different clade support values in Bayesian inference.
First report of Hemicriconemoides litchi associated with Piper sarmentosum and revision of the genus Hemicriconemoides in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Thi Duyen , Nguyen Huu Tien , Linh Le Thi Mai , Trinh Quang Phap
Published: August 2020

The taxonomic status of Hemicriconemoides litchi, H. mangiferae, and H. strictathecatus has been in debates for many years. In this study, a population of H. litchi collected from the rhizosphere of Piper sarmentosum is characterized using a combination of morphology and molecular data. Our results are in agreement with other authors to maintain the validity of H. litchi and provide sequences of H. litchi with correct names on GenBank. A revision on the genus Hemicriconemoides in Vietnam is also discussed.
First report of Xiphinema hunaniense Wang & Wu, 1992 (Nematoda: Longidoridae) in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Huu Tien , Nguyen Thi Duyen , Linh Le Thi Mai , Trinh Quang Phap
Published: August 2020

For the first time, a survey of plant-parasitic nematodes in the Central Highlands of Vietnam discovered a population of Xiphinema hunaniense Wang & Wu, 1992. The Vietnamese population of X. hunaniense is characterized by having an offset lip region, lack of anterior genital branch, vagina directed backward, and a digitate tail. Morphological features and morphometrics of this population are in agreement with the type population of X. hunaniense except for some variations. In addition, molecular characterization of this population and phylogenetic tree of 28S rDNA sequences of the genus are also provided.
First report of Meloidogyne hapla on kiwifruit in South Africa
Authors: Shokoohi Ebrahim , Mashela Phatu W.
Published: August 2020

Kiwi is becoming one of the most important fruit in subtropical regions of South Africa with altitudes that confer sufficient chilling requirements. During a survey on biodiversity of plant-parasitic nematodes of kiwi in Magoebaskloof in Limpopo Province, several plant-parasitic nematodes were discovered, with Meloidogyne species occurring at the highest frequency. Nematodes were sampled from roots and the rhizosphere of one stunted Kiwi tree, extracted using the tray method and then fixed. The morphological characters fit well with those of M. hapla. The molecular approach using ITS and 28S rDNA, along with the related phylogenetic analysis, placed the examined population in a group with other populations of M. hapla. Kiwi is being reported as a new host for M. hapla in South Africa.
Potential impacts of the ring nematode, Mesocriconema xenoplax, on grapevines in British Columbia: a microplot study
Authors: Forge Thomas , Smit Rosanne , Neilsen Denise , Neilsen Gerry
Published: August 2020

The Okanagan Valley of British Columbia hosts a wine grape industry that has grown substantially in the past three decades in terms of both acreage and economic benefit to the region. The ring nematode, Mesocriconema xenoplax, has recently been found to be widespread in vineyard soils in the region. This study used field microplots to assess the potential impacts of a local population of M. xenoplax on the first four years growth of either self-rooted ‘Merlot’ or ‘Merlot’ vines grafted onto three commonly used rootstocks: 3309C, 44-53M, and Riparia Gloire. The population of M. xenoplax multiplied to comparable levels on self-rooted vines and all rootstocks, indicating that none of the vine genotypes were resistant to M. xenoplax. Inoculation with M. xenoplax reduced cumulative pruning weights of self-rooted vines by 58%. Inoculation with M. xenoplax reduced trunk cross-sectional areas of 3309C by 45% and that of self-rooted vines by 38%, whereas it did not affect trunk cross-sectional areas of 44-53 or Riparia Gloire, indicating differing levels of rootstock tolerance to M. xenoplax. Our data suggest that M. xenoplax is likely impacting vineyard health and productivity in the region, and the selection of rootstocks and management practices to minimize impacts of this nematode should be considered in future vineyard replant management programs.
Species diversity of bacteria associated with fungi of the genus Tuber (truffles)
Authors: Siebyła Marta , Hilszczańska Dorota
Published: August 2020

Truffles (Tuber spp.) are ascomycete hypogeous fungi, which form ectomycorrhizae with roots of trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants. Their fruiting bodies are valued for their distinctive aroma. The aroma might be partially due to complex bacterial community which colonizes their fruiting bodies. Some bacterial species are also believed to promote the truffle’ fruitification due to the fixation of nitrogen inside the developing truffles. Although truffles, especially of the species Tuber aestivum, are getting more popular and are widely cultivated, little is still known about their biology, composition and the role of their associative microbes. The aim of this study was to present the current knowledge about the bacterial communities associated with black truffles and their potential influence on the truffle life cycle and maturation.

1. Characteristics of truffles. 2. Diversity of bacterial species. 3. Conclusion

1. Charakterystyka trufli. 2. Różnorodność gatunkowa bakterii. 3. Podsumowanie
Mechanisms of arsenic toxicity and transport in microorganisms
Authors: Mucha Seweryn , Berezowski Mateusz , Markowska Katarzyna
Published: August 2020

Arsenic is an ubiquitous element present in the environment either through geological or anthropogenic activities. Millions of people all over the world are exposed to arsenic mainly via air, drinking water and food sources, which results in higher incidence of cancer. Several mechanisms by which arsenic compounds induce tumorigenesis have been proposed. Arsenic mediates its toxicity by generating oxidative stress, inducing protein misfolding, promoting genotoxicity, hampering DNA repair and disrupting signal transduction. Thus, all organisms have developed multiple pathways for arsenic detoxification. In this article, we review recent advances in the understanding of arsenic toxicity and its transport routes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, including a dual role of aquaglyceroporins in the uptake and efflux, active transport out of the cell via secondary ion pumps and sequestration of metalloid-thiol conjugates into vacuoles by primary ABC transporters. We believe that such studies are of high importance due to the increasing usage of arsenic-based drugs in the treatment of certain types of cancer and diseases caused by protozoan parasites as well as for the development of bio-and phytoremediation strategies for metalloid-polluted areas.

1. Introduction. 2. The chemical properties and the presence of arsenic in the environment. 3. Pathways for arsenic uptake. 4. Mechanism of trivalent arsenic toxicity. 4.1. Oxidative stress. 4.2. Arsenic binding to proteins. 4.3. Protein aggregation. 5. Pentavalent arsenic toxicity. 6. Cellular detoxification mechanisms of arsenic compounds. 6.1. ars operons. 6.2. ACR genes. 6.3. Removal of arsenic conjugates by the ABC transporters. 6.4. Bi-directional transport of arsenic. 7. Summary

1. Wstęp. 2. Właściwości chemiczne i występowanie arsenu w środowisku. 3. Sposoby wnikania arsenu do komórek. 4. Mechanizmy toksycznego działania arsenu trójwartościowego. 4.1. Stres oksydacyjny. 4.2. Wiązanie z białkami. 4.3. Agregacja białek. 5. Toksyczność pięciowartościowego arsenu. 6. Mechanizmy detoksykacji komórek ze związków arsenu. 6.1. Operony ars. 6.2. Geny ACR. 6.3. Usuwanie koniugatów arsenu przez pierwotne transportery ABC. 6.4. Dwukierunkowy transport arsenu. 7. Podsumowanie
Pathogenicity of Lactobacillus sp. – risk factors, identification, antibiotic resistance
Authors: Kłos Marta
Published: August 2020

Lactobacilli are found in the mucous membrane of the mouth, in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and in the genitourinary tract. It is known that lactobacilli have a beneficial effect on our health and are used in the production of fermented milk, yoghurts, cheese, and probiotics. However, in this article I show that lactic acid bacteria also cause many diseases. Lactobacilli produce lactic acid which acidifies the environment. There are some factors increasing the risk of infection caused by lactobacilli, such as neutropenia in immunocompromised patients and certain underlying diseases, especially diabetes. Also, lactobacilli have a natural resistance to some antibiotics, especially vancomycin. The identification of lactobacilli can be very difficult due to the number of species, subspecies and genotypic or phenotypic traits. The most advanced procedures are molecular DNA-based techniques. Conventional biochemical tests can be also used to determine some differences. Lactobacilli infection can affect both a single organ and the whole organism, causing for example lactobacillemia. The main disease caused by lactobacilli is endocarditis.

1. Introduction. 2. Risk factors. 3. Identification. 4. Pathogenicity. 5. Conclusions

1. Wstęp. 2. Czynniki zwiększające ryzyko infekcji Lactobacillus sp. 3. Identyfikacja Lactobacillus sp. 4. ChorobotwórczośćLactobacillus sp. 5. Podsumowanie