bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can We Select Sugarbeet Harvesting Dates Using Drone‐based Vegetation Indices?
Authors: Olson Dan , Chatterjee Amitava , Franzen David W.
Published: June 2019

In the Northern Great Plains, sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) harvesting is stretched out from August to October. Sensors mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) may provide the information needed to identify sugarbeet approaching an optimum harvesting date that maximizes the recoverable sugar yield. The objective of this study was to relate the vegetation indices at early‐ and late‐harvest time with corresponding sugarbeet root yield, sugar concentration, and recoverable sugar yield (RSY) at three fields in the Red River Valley of North Dakota and Minnesota during 2017 and 2018. Vegetation indices was determined based on the multispectral imagery collected using UAV. Early harvest dates (19 Sept. 2017 and 21 Aug. 2018) reduced yield and RSY in 5 of 6 site‐years, compared to late harvest dates (3 Oct. 2017, 4 Sept. 2018, and 18 Sept. 2018). In general, delaying harvest increased red normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and reduced red edge NDVI (RENDVI). However, Pearson correlation between yield and vegetation indices did not show consistent relationship across harvesting date, site, and growing season. Pooling all site‐year data showed a significant relationship between RENDVI and yield and RSY. Use of in‐season yield estimate (RENDVI/growing degree days) has potential to explain 46% of sugarbeet root yield and RSY.

Core Ideas

Sugarbeet yield and sugar content is directly related to the length of growing season.

Late harvest in September increased recoverable sugar yield.

Sugar concentration did not change with harvest date.

Association between drone‐based indices and yield varied with site‐year.
Bacterial Community Structure Recovery in Reclaimed Coal Mined Soil under Two Vegetative Regimes
Authors: Brooks John P. , Adeli Ardeshir , Smith Renotta K. , McGrew Rebecca , Lang David J. , Read John J.
Published: June 2019

Coal mining can be deleterious to the soil physical and chemical makeup, but also to the soil microbial community. Effectively, the removal of nearly all organic matter from the upper soil horizons reduces the effectiveness of any soil to support vegetation, and up until recently, microbial community parameters were not considered in the successful reclamation of overburden. Thus, our study proposes to measure the uncultivated bacterial community using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) high‐throughput sequencing in a chronosequence of reclaimed overburden in Mississippi. The study sites comprised samplings of pasture and wooded reclamation sites consisting of 1 to 13 yr post reclamation time, as well as reference sites. Overall, the primary driver of bacterial community dynamics was vegetative cover, although time also influenced dynamics. Richness estimations for operational taxonomic units (OTUs) showed that recently reclaimed (∼1 yr) and Pasture sites were more OTU rich with levels of >1400 compared with reference site levels of ∼1000. Diversity levels also followed a similar trend. Community structure typically differed between time points and vegetative cover; however, membership was similar between sites and reference, indicating that new communities still shared some membership from the previous community. Overall, physicochemical properties trended toward more positive for soil health as time progressed, but bacterial community recovery was still not structurally recovered, although richness and diversity values exceeded reference. Overall, this study demonstrated that mine reclamation using pasture and/or wood restoration can reestablish the bacterial community to approximate reference conditions, but vegetation is still the dominating environmental factor dictating microbial community.

Core Ideas

Reclaimed soil surpasses reference soil in diversity and richness.

Vegetative cover dominates microbiological recovery.

Time influenced microbiological recovery.

Soil microbiological recovery was not correlated to soil physical characteristics.
Mineralization and Biotransformation of Estrone in Simulated Poultry Litter and Cow Manure Runoff Water
Authors: Guardian Mary Grace E. , Aga Diana S.
Published: June 2019

Application of animal manure on agricultural lands is one of the main sources of estrogen contamination in the environment. Poultry and cow manure contain free and conjugated forms of the natural estrogens (e.g., estrone [E1] and estradiol [E2]) that can enter surface waters during runoff events. Estrone has been identified as the major form of estrogen in the environment; therefore, this study is focused on the evaluation of the degree of mineralization and fate of E1 in a simulated poultry litter and cow manure runoff water. A time‐course study was conducted using simulated runoff water that consisted of 0.5 mg cow manure or poultry litter dissolved in 1 L of water spiked with radiolabeled E1 (14C‐E1). Samples were analyzed for estrogen concentrations at Day 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. In the poultry litter simulated runoff water, E1 was biotransformed to 17β‐estrone‐3‐sulfate (E1‐3S) but was eventually mineralized to 14CO2; a total E1 mineralization of 92.2% occurred after 7 d of aerobic incubation. In contrast, the concentrations of E1 and other forms of endogenous estrogens detected in the cow manure simulated runoff water, such as E1‐3S, 17α‐estradiol (α‐E2), and 17β‐estradiol (β‐E2), remained relatively constant and persisted over the 7 d of aerobic incubation. Results of this study demonstrate the differences in the fate of estrone in the simulated poultry litter and cow manure runoff water, highlighting the ability of the endogenous microbial community from poultry litter to mineralize estrogens to CO2.

Core Ideas

A 7‐d study showed mineralization and biotransformation of E1 in poultry litter runoff water.

E1 biotransformed to E1‐3S in poultry litter runoff water eventually, and mineralized to CO2.

Total mineralization of E1 was observed at an average of 92.2% in poultry litter runoff water.

Concentrations of E1 and other estrogens in the cow manure runoff did not change within the 7‐day study.
Combining Ability of Biomass Sorghum Lines for Agroindustrial Characters and Multitrait Selection of Photosensitive Hybrids for Energy Cogeneration
Authors: Oliveira Isadora Cristina Martins , Marçal Tiago de Souza , Bernardino Karine da Costa , Ribeiro Pedro César de Oliveira , Parrella Rafael Augusto da Costa , Carneiro Pedro Crescêncio Souza , Schaffert Robert Eugene , Carneiro José Eustáquio de Souza
Published: June 2019

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] biomass hybrids with high productivity and enhanced levels of lignin are seen as a promising alternative of feedstock for direct burning in ovens designed for cogeneration of electricity. The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic combing capacity of biomass sorghum lines and conduct multivariable selection of photosensitive biomass sorghum hybrids for use in cogeneration. Thirty‐six photosensitive hybrids, the control BRS716, and 12 parental lines were evaluated in a seven‐by‐seven triple lattice design at two locations, and 12 characters were evaluated. There was superiority of additive effects on the genetic control of all the characteristics studied in both environments, less for female lines in the diallelic analysis of F1 hybrids. The inclusion of parents in the estimates of combining capacities indicated predominance of dominance effects involved in the genetic control of the traits analyzed. The results demonstrate the action of epistasis of the dwarf genes present in the female lines for the biomass parameter and the false interpretation when these lines are included in the diallelic analysis. With the use of the index based on factor analysis and genotype–ideotype distance (FAI‐BLUP index), four factors were established, which separated the characteristics of production and quality, as well as the two environments, resulting from the high hybrid × environment interaction. With the index, five hybrids with higher potential for burning (H5‐5, H2‐1, H1‐1, H1‐5, and H5‐1) were selected. However, no hybrids obtained gains for the characteristics of production and quality, simultaneously, which indicates the need for genetic improvement of the parents used in the program.
Water Extraction and Productivity of Cotton, Sorghum, and Sesame under Deficit Irrigation
Authors: Pabuayon Irish Lorraine B. , Singh Sukhbir , Lewis Katie L. , Ritchie Glen L.
Published: June 2019

Combining production of low‐input alternative crops together with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under deficit irrigation (DI) has gained attention for purposes of rotation, diversification, and saving water resources in West Texas. The objective of this study was to determine a relationship between water extraction patterns and water use efficiency (WUE) of crops tolerant of the semiarid conditions in West Texas. Irrigation responses of cotton, sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] were compared in 2017 and 2018 at irrigation levels ranging from extreme DI to mild DI based on crop yield, aboveground biomass, water extraction patterns, and WUE. Cotton and sorghum biomass production and yield increased with irrigation rate, whereas sesame productivity was not significantly increased in either year. The water extraction patterns suggested that the rooting system of sesame was not as extensive compared with cotton and sorghum and did not change substantially among irrigation treatments, and sesame yields did not significantly vary among DI treatments. The implication is that the biomass production and yield of sesame, even under low irrigation management, was not water limited, even in irrigation treatments that resulted in 25% yield losses in sorghum and 40% yield losses in cotton. As a result, the WUE of sesame was dramatically decreased with additional irrigation, whereas cotton and sorghum maintained similar WUE under all irrigation treatments. Therefore, water‐limiting environments may not actually be water limiting to sesame, and the bigger limitation is the yield potential associated with a baseline irrigation level far below that of cotton or sorghum.
Testing a Water Redistribution Model in a Cracked Vertisol at Two Scales
Authors: Bagnall Dianna , Morgan Cristine L.S. , Molling Christine C. , Heilman James L. , Moore Georgianne W.
Published: June 2019

Core Ideas

Time for water to fully drain from cracks and mesopores was 24 to 72 h.

In moist, cracked soil, water moved to 60 cm after 2 h.

On dry, cracked soil, water moved to >120 cm in <1.5 h.

The mesopore infiltration module improved estimation of soil profile water content.

At the pedon scale, the mesopore module improved ponding predictions.

Water is preferentially conducted away from the soil surface through large cracks formed in shrink–swell soils, which complicates our ability to calculate the partitioning of water into infiltration and runoff. Preferential flow paths affect the hydrology of a landscape but often are not included in hydrology models. The Precision Agricultural‐Landscape Modeling System (PALMS) contains a Mesopore and Matrix (M&M) module that allows preferential flow and was tested on cracking soil at the pedon and small watershed scale for this study. Four irrigation events were conducted on 10‐m by 10‐m plots of a cracking soil, and volumetric water content (VWC) output for PALMS with and without the M&M module was compared with that measured by a neutron moisture meter. Additionally, measurements of VWC on a 4.4‐ha small watershed were compared with PALMS predictions. At both scales, the M&M module simulated water movement down the soil profile more quickly and eliminated unobserved ponding at the pedon scale relative to the PALMS matrix only. Simulations of water content of the soil profile were generally improved when the M&M module was used. Furthermore, PALMS M&M was relatively easy to parameterize using obtainable and physically relevant parameters, rendering it applicable to shrink–swell soils in a variety of systems.
The emerging fintech and financial slack on corporate financial performance
Authors: Harisa Putri Wika , Nurwiyanta Nurwiyanta , Sungkono Sungkono , Wahyuningsih Tia
Published: June 2019

FinTech innovations are one of strategic decisions to increase the profitability of a company. This study determines the level of profitability of companies before and after the emergence of FinTech products. The authors focused on companies that have launched FinTech products and published their financial reports. The study sample consisted of 17 FinTech products from 16 companies in Indonesia. The limited number of the sample was caused by not all of them having published its financial reports, while we have checked 157 FinTech companies. An event study approach using paired sample T-test is utilized. The period used in this study is four years, covering two years before and two years after the company launched FinTech products. Data were obtained from IDX, FinTech.id, and company web-pages. The results clearly showed that there was a significant influence on return on assets (ROA), but no significant difference in return on equity (ROE). This finding gives more contribution to the FinTech industry about the company’s profitability impact of launching FinTech product.
Antibacterial activity of lavender essential oil and linalool combined with gentamicin on selected bacterial strains
Authors: ADASZYŃSKA-SKWIRZYŃSKA MICHALINA , SZCZERBIŃSKA DANUTA , ZYCH SŁAWOMIR
Published: June 2019

The aim of this study was to verify the existence of the synergistic antibacterial effect of lavender essential oil and linalool individually combined with the antibacterial drug gentamicin. We investigated in vitro the effectiveness of the combinations of gentamicin and lavender essential oil and of gentamicin and linalool against the following strains: Staphylococus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococus aureus MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027. In order to determine the sensitivity of these microorganisms, we determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC – Minimal Inhibitory Concentration). The study of the interaction of gentamicin with lavender oil and linalool was evaluated by the checkerboard method. Synergistic interaction between lavender essential oil and gentamicin and between linalool and gentamicin was observed against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Staphylococcus aureus MRSA. In particular, a very strong synergistic interaction was observed against Staphyloccocus aureus MRSA (lavender essential oil FIC index = 0.14; linalool FIC index = 0.13). In contrast, combinations of gentamicin and lavender essential oil and of gentamicin and linalool were less effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth.
Veterinary necropsy in the light of ethics and law
Authors: BABIŃSKA IZABELLA , SOŁTYSZEWSKI IRENEUSZ , KARAŹNIEWICZ JUSTYNA , SZAREK JÓZEF , FELSMANN MARIUSZ Z. , DZIKOWSKI ANDRZEJ
Published: June 2019

Legal norms determine the rules for conducting a veterinary necropsy to a limited extent, leaving the regulation of this matter to the veterinary art. The norms of binding Polish law and rules of veterinary professional ethics in relation to conducting a necropsy are analyzed and interpreted. The ethical and legal aspects of the veterinary surgeon’s activities have been highlighted. Non-observance of these rules during the post-mortem examination of animals may result in the incompatibility of the proceedings with the principle of acting lege artis, the effect of which is civil and professional liability. Moreover, when the section was commissioned by the authorities, inappropriate conditions or the manner in which it was carried out (including legal and ethical premises) may diminish the meaning of the section protocol as evidence. It should be remembered that animal corpses are subject to obligatory utilization, so in the vast majority of cases the section protocol is the only documentation and it cannot raise the slightest doubt, which may be the case in the failure to observe the discussed principles of performing a posthumous examination of animals. Considering that every veterinary surgeon may be appointed by various institutions (i.e. courts, police, prosecutor, insurance company) to conduct the necropsy, it is advisable to familiarize this professional group of public trust with the ethical and legal aspects of its implementation.
Structural compartmentation proposal in 041.001 Sierra de Altomira GWB: hydrogeological implications
Authors: Del Pozo Tejado Jesús , Mejías Moreno Miguel , Domínguez Sánchez José Antonio
Published: June 2019

From the definition of the first aquifer systems in the Sierra de Altomira to the current division in groundwater bodies (GWB), the aquifers defined in this zone have undergone constant changes in their extension and conceptual hydrogeological model. Even today there are uncertainties regarding its internal compartmentation at the hydrogeological level. From a deep structural analysis on the origin and formation of the sedimentary structures that today constitute the permeable levels of the GWB, the resulting tectonic model has been correlated with the hydrogeology of the Sierra de Altomira GWB in general, and with its possible internal compartmentalization in particular. The final structural model has allowed us to distinguish different zones, with repercussions in the local hydrogeology. This has identified sectors with different hydrogeological behaviour. The proposed compartmentation is done at different levels, from the two large northern and southern structural blocks, to the definition of the basic hydrogeological unit (BHU) as a minimum divisible unit in which all the components of the hydrogeological conceptual model are identified. This division is an important starting point for the subsequent definition of the hydrogeological functioning of the Sierra de Altomira GWB locally, although this proposal requires complementary studies for its full definition.
Anais do 54º Congresso da Associação Médica do Espírito Santo
Authors: Soares Miguel Gustavo Peixoto
Published: June 2019

Anais do 54º Congresso da Associação Médica do Espírito Santo
Modelos e ferramentas de gestão do cenário hospitalar
Authors: Da Silva Ferreira Milla Pauline , Teles Andrei Souza , Bahia Coelho Thereza Christina
Published: June 2019

Management models and tools in hospital environment
Educação permanente sobre álcool e outras drogas: saberes e práticas de profissionais de um curso de segurança pública
Authors: De Silva Laerson de Andrade , Faria de Souza Rayane Cristina , De Siqueira Marluce Mechelli
Published: June 2019

Permanent education about the use of alcohol and other drugs: knowledge and practices of professionals enrolled in a public security course
Avaliação de pontas condutoras de luz utilizadas em aparelhos fotoativadores
Authors: Pracz Amanda , Farias Tayse Inácio , Neiva Ivana Froede , Obici Andresa Carla
Published: June 2019

Evaluation of light guiding tips used in light curing units
Saúde da pessoa com deficiência visual: aspectos conceituais e legais
Authors: Cezario Roscoche Kariane Gomes , Sydney de Sousa Albertina Antonielly , Carvalho de Aguiar Adriana Sousa
Published: June 2019

Health condition of individuals with visual impairment: conceptual and legal aspects
Protein Microarrays: Valuable Tools for Ocular Diseases Research
Authors: Garranzo-Asensio María , Montero-Calle Ana , Solís-Fernández Guillermo , Barderas Rodrigo , Guzman-Aranguez Ana
Published: June 2019

:

The eye is a complex organ comprised of several compartments with exclusive and specialized
properties that reflect their diverse functions. Although the prevalence of eye pathologies is
increasing, mainly because of its correlation with aging and of generalized lifestyle changes, the
pathogenic molecular mechanisms of many common ocular diseases remain poorly understood.
Therefore, there is an unmet need to delve into the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment
of eye diseases to preserve ocular health and reduce the incidence of visual impairment or blindness.
Proteomics analysis stands as a valuable tool for deciphering protein profiles related to specific ocular
conditions. In turn, such profiles can lead to real breakthroughs in the fields of ocular science and
ophthalmology. Among proteomics techniques, protein microarray technology stands out by providing
expanded information using very small volumes of samples.

:

In this review, we present a brief summary of the main types of protein microarrays and their application
for the identification of protein changes in chronic ocular diseases such as dry eye, glaucoma,
age-related macular degeneration, or diabetic retinopathy. The validation of these specific protein
alterations could provide new biomarkers, disclose eye diseases pathways, and help in the diagnosis
and development of novel therapies for eye pathologies.
Denitrative Coupling Reaction: A Powerful Synthetic Tool in Functional Transformation
Authors: Cai Xiao-hua , Zhang Hongyan , Guo Hui
Published: June 2019

Nitro hydrocarbons as inexpensive, easily available, and relatively stable organic intermediates have aroused great attention in various functional group transformations over the past several decades. The electron-withdrawing action of the nitro group can act as a transient leaving group to efficiently transform into the other important functionalities. Nitro compounds are easily prepared through simple synthetic reactions from simple and facile starting substrates and provide an exciting opportunity for the synthesis of various valuable products. This account will review recent progress in the denitrative coupling reaction of nitroalkanes, nitroolefins, and nitroarenes under transition metalcatalyzed, transition metal-free, or visible light induced conditions.
Cyclodextrins and their Derivatives as Carrier Molecules in Drug and Gene Delivery Systems
Authors: Karimian Ramin , Aghajani Milad
Published: June 2019

Cyclodextrins (CDs) are naturally occurring cyclic oligosaccharides containing
six (α-CD), seven (β-CD), eight (γ-CD) and more glucopyranose units linked with α-(1,4)
bonds, having a terminal hydrophilic part and central lipophilic cavity. α-, β- and γ-CDs
are widely used in many industrial products, technologies and analytical methods owing to
their unique, versatile and tunable characteristics. In the pharmaceutical industry, CDs are
used as complexing agents to enhance aqueous solubility, physico-chemical stability and
bio-availability of administered drugs. Herein, special attention is given to the use of α-, β-
and γ-CDs and their derivatives in different areas of drug and gene delivery systems in the
past few decades through various routes of administration with a major emphasis on the
more recent developments.
Impact of Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics and their Relevance Upon Traditional Medicine-based Cardiovascular Drug Research
Authors: Hao Da-Cheng , Xiao Pei-gen
Published: June 2019

Background:

The representative cardiovascular herbs, i.e. Panax, Ligusticum, Carthamus, and Pueraria
plants, are traditionally and globally used in the prevention and treatment of various cardiovascular diseases. Modern
phytochemical studies have found many medicinal compounds from these plants, and their unique pharmacological
activities are being revealed. However, there are few reviews that systematically summarize the current trends of
Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetic (DMPK) investigations of cardiovascular herbs.

Method:

Here, the latest understanding, as well as the knowledge gaps of the DMPK issues in drug development
and clinical usage of cardiovascular herbal compounds, was highlighted.

Results:

The complicated herb-herb interactions of cardiovascular Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) herb
pair/formula significantly impact the PK/pharmacodynamic performance of compounds thereof, which may inspire
researchers to develop a novel herbal formula for the optimized outcome of different cardiovascular diseases. While
the Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity (ADME/T) of some compounds has been deciphered,
DMPK studies should be extended to more cardiovascular compounds of different medicinal parts, species (including
animals), and formulations, and could be streamlined by versatile omics platforms and computational analyses.

Conclusion:

n the context of systems pharmacology, the DMPK knowledge base is expected to translate bench
findings to clinical applications, as well as foster cardiovascular drug discovery and development.
Association of Genetic Variants in CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP2C8, and CYP2C19 with Tacrolimus Pharmacokinetics in Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Wang Zijie , Zheng Ming , Yang Haiwei , Han Zhijian , Tao Jun , Chen Hao , Sun Li , Guo Miao , Wang Libin , Tan Ruoyun , Wei Ji-Fu , Gu Min
Published: June 2019

Background:

Our study aimed to investigate the pharmacogenetics of cytochrome P3A4 (CYP3A4),
CYP3A5, CYP2C8, and CYP2C19 and their influence on TAC Pharmacokinetics (PKs) in short-term renal transplant
recipients.

Method:

A total of 105 renal transplant recipients were enrolled. Target Sequencing (TS) based on next-generation
sequencing technology was used to detect all exons, exon/intron boundaries, and flanking regions of CYP3A4,
CYP3A5, CYP2C8, and CYP2C19. After adjustment of Minor Allele Frequencies (MAF) and Hardy-Weinberg
Equilibrium (HWE) analysis, tagger Single-nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes were identified. Influence
of tagger SNPs on TAC concentrations was analyzed.

Results:

A total of 94 SNPs were identified in TS analysis. Nine tagger SNPs were selected, and two SNPs (rs15524
and rs4646453) were noted to be significantly associated with TAC PKs in short-term post-transplant follow-up.
Measurement time points of TAC, body mass index (BMI), usage of sirolimus, and incidence of Delayed Graft Function
(DGF) were observed to be significantly associated with TAC PKs. Three haplotypes were identified, and
rs15524-rs4646453 was found to remarkably contribute to TAC PKs. Recipients carrying H2/H2 (GG-AA) haplotype
also showed significantly high weight- and dose-adjusted TAC concentrations in posttransplant periods of 7, 14, and
30 days and 3 and 6 months.

Conclusions:

Two tagger SNPs, namely, rs15524 and rs4646453, are significantly related to the variability of TAC
disposition, and TAC measurement time points, BMI, usage of sirolimus, and incidence of DGF contribute to this
influence. Recipients carrying H2/H2 (GG-AA) haplotype in rs15524–rs4646453 may require a low dosage of TAC
during 1-year follow-up posttransplant.
Three Bacteriocin Peptides from a Lactic Acid Bacterium Weissella confusa MBF8-1 with Spermicidal Activity
Authors: Sartono Gusti , Rizqiyah Izzatu , Asmarinah  , Heng Nicholas C.K. , Malik Amarila
Published: June 2019

Background:

The development of antibiotic resistance amongst bacterial pathogens and a population explosion, e.g. in countries such as Indonesia, are two issues the world is facing today. These issues have stimulated interest in the development of new antimicrobial therapeutic agents and contraceptive strategies, such as novel spermicides. Bacteriocins, which are bacterially-derived antimicrobial peptides, may fulfill some of the criteria for these new agents.

Methods:

Weissella confusa MBF8-1, originally isolated from a homemade soy product, exhibits antibacterial activity that was subsequently found to be plasmid-encoded, presumably by three peptides Bac1, Bac2 and Bac3. In the present study, we tested cell-free MBF8-1 bacteriocin preparations and chemically-synthesized versions of Bac1, Bac2 and Bac3 peptides for (i) its antibacterial activity against the indicator bacterium Leuconostoc mesenteroides and (ii) its ability to affect the motility of spermatozoa. Nisin, a known lantibiotic bacteriocin, was used as the control.

Results:

Here, we demonstrate that synthetic Bac1, in combination with synthetic Bac2, was sufficient to inhibit the growth of L. mesenteroides and affect sperm motility. However, the presence of all three synthetic peptides, s-Bac1, s-Bac2 and s-Bac3, was required for full potency.

Conclusion:

In summary, the bacteriocin-like peptides of W. confusa MBF8-1 have the potential to be developed as a narrow-spectrum antimicrobial agent and a novel spermicidal agent.
Impact of Collateral Status on Neuroprotective Effect of Cyclosporine A in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Nighoghossian Norbert , Cornut Lucie , Amaz Camille , Eker Omer , Mewton Nathan , Ameli Roxana , Berner Lise Prune , Cho Tae Hee , Ovize Michel , Berthezene Yves
Published: June 2019

Background:

Neuroprotection for acute ischemic stroke remains an elusive goal. Intracranial collaterals may favor neuroprotective drugs delivery at the acute stage of ischemic stroke. A recent phase 2 study showed that cyclosporine A (CsA) reduced ischemic damage in patients with a proximal occlusion who experienced effective recanalization. Collateral flow may improve this benefit.

Materials & Methods:

Collateral supply was assessed using dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI in 47 patients among the 110 patients from the original study and were graded in two groups: good collaterals and poor collaterals. Patients with good collaterals had significantly smaller initial infarct in both CsA group (p = 0.003) and controls (p = 0.016). Similarly, the final lesion volume was significantly lower in patients with good collaterals in both groups.

Results:

In patients with either good or poor collaterals CsA showed no additional benefit on ischemic lesion progression and final infarct size at day 30.

Conclusion:

We failed to demonstrate any significant additional benefit of CsA in patients with good collateral circulation.
Analysis of the Clinical Characteristics and Follow-up Study of Children with Cutaneous Polyarteritis Nodosa
Authors: He Qiang , Shu Jing , Chen Fang , Zhen Xiao-Fang
Published: June 2019

Objective:

This study aims to analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis
of children with cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa (CPAN), in order to improve the understanding
of this disease.

Methods:

Data of 14 children with CPAN, who were hospitalized in the Beijing Children's Hospital
of Capital Medical University from January 2006 to December 2016, were collected. The clinical
characteristics of all patients were summarized, the antistreptolysin-O (ASO)-positive and
ASO-negative groups were compared, and the follow-up results were analyzed. X2-test, Fisher’s
exact probability test, t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used for statistical analysis.

Results:

Among these 14 CPAN patients, nodular rash was the most common manifestation
(14/14). The ASO-positive group had more nodules in the lower limbs and the ASO-negative
group appeared more in the upper limbs, which were statistically significant (p<0.05). ASOpositive
children were more likely to have joint symptoms (P<0.05), and were more prone to elevated
white blood cells (P<0.05). Follow-ups were performed on nine patients, and the prognoses
were all good. The occurrence of systemic polyarteritis nodosa was not observed.

Conclusion:

The main clinical manifestation of children with CPAN is skin nodules, which rarely
affects the internal organs. Streptococcal infection is often the main cause. Anti-infection treatment
should be simultaneously considered.
Identification of High-affinity Small Molecules Targeting Gamma Secretase for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Ali Meer Asif , Vuree Sugunakar , Goud Himshikha , Hussain Tajamul , Nayarisseri Anuraj , Singh Sanjeev Kumar
Published: June 2019

Background:

Alzheimers Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease which is characterized by
the deposition of amyloid plaques in the brain- a concept supported by most of the researchers worldwide. The
main component of the plaques being amyloid-beta (Aβ42) results from the sequential cleavage of Amyloid
precursor protein (APP) by beta and gamma secretase. This present study intends to inhibit the formation of
amyloid plaques by blocking the action of gamma secretase protein with Inhibitors (GSI).

Methods:

A number of Gamma Secretase Inhibitors (GSI) were targeted to the protein by molecular docking.
The inhibitor having the best affinity was used as a subject for further virtual screening methods to obtain
similar compounds. The generated compounds were docked again at the same docking site on the protein to
find a compound with higher affinity to inhibit the protein. The highlights of virtually screened compound
consisted of Pharmacophore Mapping of the docking site. These steps were followed by comparative assessments
for both the compounds, obtained from the two aforesaid docking studies, which included interaction
energy descriptors, ADMET profiling and PreADMET evaluations.

Results:

111 GSI classified as azepines, sulfonamides and peptide isosteres were used in the study. By molecular
docking an amorpholino-amide, compound (22), was identified to be the high affinity compound GSI
along with its better interaction profiles.The virtually screened pubchem compound AKOS001083915
(CID:24462213) shows the best affinity with gamma secretase. Collective Pharmacophore mapping (H bonds,
electrostatic profile, binding pattern and solvent accesibility) shows a stable interaction. The resulting ADMETand
Descriptor values were nearly equivalent.

Conclusion:

These compounds identified herein hold a potential as Gamma Secretase inhibitors.According to
PreADMET values the compound AKOS001083915 is effective and specific to the target protein. Its
BOILED-egg plot analysis infers the compound permeable to blood brain barrier.Comparative study for both
the compounds resulted in having nearly equivalent properties. These compounds have the capacity to inhibit
the protein which is indirectly responsible for the formation of amyloid plaques and can be further put to in
vitro pharmacokinetic and dynamic studies.
Immunochemical Characterization of Setaria cervi Microfilarial Antigens Using Novel Antibodies
Authors: Kalani Anuradha , Kalani Komal , Chaturvedi Poonam , Chaturvedi Pankaj
Published: June 2019

Background:

Filariasis affects millions of people in tropical and subtropical regions of the world and is caused by nematode roundworm. In order to develop a vaccine and specific diagnostic tests, it is important to characterize different stages of the filarial worms. Microfilariae (Mf) stage of the roundworm is found in host’s blood or lymph vessels and can be important not only for developing better immunodiagnostics but also for understanding immune recognition and its relevance to immunepathogenesis and protective immunity.

Objective:

The present study aimed to immunocharacterize Mf and adult worm antigens that could be helpful in future diagnostic tests.

Method:

Four different immune sera against Setaria cervi intact live, intact live with adjuvant, intact glutaraldehyde fixed with adjuvant and total somatic Mf were prepared and used for the immunocharacterization of Mf antigens.

Results:

Our study results suggest that compared to fixed intact Mf, live intact Mf are more immunogenic, as the immune sera generated against intact live Mf showed high ELISA reactivity with Setaria cervi Mf and adult worm antigens. All the four immune sera IgG fractions had surface specificity as determined through considerable ELISA reactivity with S. cervi intact Mf. When tested under native conditions (immunoelectrophoresis and crossed immunoelectrophoresis), all the four immune rabbit sera were able to detect antigens of S. cervi Mf and adult stages.

Conclusion:

These results can be useful in detailed understanding of the complex nature of the Mf and adult antigens, which are prerequisites in the development of vaccine and more specific diagnostic tests.
A Facile One-pot Synthesis of Substituted Quinolines via Cascade Friedlander Reaction from Isoxazoles with Ammonium Formate-Pd/C and Ketones
Authors: Chen Da , Wang Xuan , Wang Runnan , Zhan Yao , Peng Xiaohan , Xia Tian , Zhang Zhenming , Li Runlai , Li Shu'an
Published: June 2019

The Friedlander reaction is the most commonly used method to synthesis substituted quinolines,
the essential intermediates in the medicine industry. A facile one-pot approach for synthesizing
substituted quinolines by the reaction of isoxazoles, ammonium formate-Pd/C, concentrated sulfuric
acid, methanol and ketones using Friedlander reaction conditions is reported. Procedures for the synthesis
of quinoline derivatives were optimized, and the yield was up to 90.4%. The yield of aromatic
ketones bearing electron-withdrawing groups was better than the ones with electron-donating substituents.
The structures of eight substituted quinolines were characterized by MS, IR, H-NMR and 13CNMR,
which were in agreement with the expected structures. The mechanism for the conversion was
proposed, which involved the Pd/C catalytic hydrogen transfer reduction of unsaturated five-membered
ring of isoxazole to produce ortho-amino aromatic ketones. Then the nucleophilic addition of with carbonyl
of the ketones generated Schiff base in situ, which underwent an intermolecular aldol reaction
followed by the elimination of H2O to give production of substituted quinolines. This new strategy can
be readily applied for the construction of quinolines utilizing a diverse range of ketones and avoids the
post-reaction separation of the o-amino aromatic ketone compounds. The conventionally used o-amino
aromatic ketone compounds in Friedlander reaction to prepare substituted quinoline are laborious to
synthesize and are apt to self-polymerize. While oxazole adopted in this work can be prepared at ease
by the condensation of benzoacetonitrile and nitrobenzene derivatives under the catalysis of a strong
base. Moreover, the key features of this protocol are readily available starting materials, excellent functional
group tolerance, mild reaction conditions, operational simplicity, and feasibility for scaling up.
Direct Injection Microemulsion HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Morphine, Tramadol and Lornoxicam in Biological Fluids Using Monolithic Column
Authors: Belal Fathalla , Omar Mahmoud A. , Derayea Sayed M. , Zayed Sahar , Hammad Mohamed A. , Saleh Safaa F. , Alhazmi Hassan A. , Al Bratty Mohammed
Published: June 2019

Objective: A rapid and environmental friendly microemulsion liquid chromatographic method
was developed for simultaneous quantification of morphine (MOR), tramadol (TRA) and lornoxicam
(LOR) in biological fluids.

Methods: Microemulsion used in this study was an aqueous solution containing sodium dodecyl sulfate
(0.12 M), n-propanol (10%), ethyl acetate (0.75%), tri-ethyl amine (0.3%), orthophosphoric acid (0.15
%) and the pH was adjusted to 3.0 with orthophosphoric acid. Chromatographic separation was carried
out on a monolithic C18 column and a mobile phase flow rate of 1.0 mL min−1 was applied throughout
the analysis. The data was monitored using UV-detection mode at a wavelength of 220 nm.

Results: Under the optimized conditions, all the studied drugs were well resolved and completely eluted
within 6 min. The proposed method was linear over the concentration ranges of 0.5−100, 0.75−125 and
0.25−50 μg mL−1; limits of detection of 0.074, 0.086 and 0.056 μgmL−1 and limits of quantification of
0.21, 0.28 and 0.12 were recorded for TRA, LOR, and MOR, respectively. The developed method was
fully validated according to the ICH guidelines. The method was successfully utilized to estimate the
tested analytes in plasma and urine samples, which were directly injected into the chromatographic
system after suitable dilution with the microemulsion.

Conclusion: The developed method is considered to be very efficient to analyze the cited drugs in different
biological fluids with low running costs and short analysis time.
Emerging Pathophysiological Targets of Psoriasis for Future Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Yadav Monu , Sardana Ishu , Sharma Amarjeet , Sharma Nidhi , Nagpal Kalpana , Malik Paramjeet
Published: June 2019

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin disorder which involves complex interactions between genes, keratinocytes, T-cells and inflammatory cells. It affects 2-3% population worldwide. Molecular biology and cellular immunology of psoriasis, when linked with biotechnology and genetic studies can help researchers to understand the pathophysiology of psoriasis. T-cells activation, keratinocyte hyperproliferation, and angiogenesis are the core mechanisms entailed in the development of psoriasis lesion. Investigators are trying to overcome the challenges of complex pathophysiology pathways involved in this disorder. The different possible hypotheses for its pathophysiology such as growth factors, enzymes, inflammation, and genetic factors mediated pathophysiology have been described in the present review paper in detail. Clinically available drugs only control the symptoms of psoriasis but are not effective for the treatment of the disorder completely and are also associated with some side effects such as itching, renal disorders, hematologic, nonmelanoma skin cancer, pulmonary, gastrointestinal toxicity, etc. This paper made an effort to understand the pathophysiological targets, discuss the research done so far and the treatments available for the effective management of psoriasis.
Brain Angiotensinergic Regulation of the Immune System: Implications for Cardiovascular and Neuroendocrine Responses
Authors: Iovino Michele , Messana Tullio , De Pergola Giovanni , Iovino Emanuela , Guastamacchia Edoardo , Licchelli Brunella , Vanacore Aldo , Giagulli Vito A. , Triggiani Vincenzo
Published: June 2019

Objective:

The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) plays a major role in the
regulation of cardiovascular functions, water and electrolytic balance, and hormonal responses. We
perform a review of the literature, aiming at providing the current concepts regarding the angiotensin
interaction with the immune system in the brain and the related implications for cardiovascular and
neuroendocrine responses.

Methods:

Appropriate keywords and MeSH terms were identified and searched in Pubmed. Finally,
references of original articles and reviews were examined.

Results:

Angiotensin II (ANG II), beside stimulating aldosterone, vasopressin and CRH-ACTH release,
sodium and water retention, thirst, and sympathetic nerve activity, exerts its effects on the immune
system via the Angiotensin Type 1 Receptor (AT 1R) that is located in the brain, pituitary, adrenal
gland, and kidney. Several actions are triggered by the binding of circulating ANG II to AT 1R into
the circumventricular organs that lack the Blood-Brain-Barrier (BBB). Furthermore, the BBB becomes
permeable during chronic hypertension thereby ANG II may also access brain nuclei controlling cardiovascular
functions. Subfornical organ, organum vasculosum lamina terminalis, area postrema,
paraventricular nucleus, septal nuclei, amygdala, nucleus of the solitary tract and retroventral lateral
medulla oblongata are the brain structures that mediate the actions of ANG II since they are provided
with a high concentration of AT 1R. ANG II induces also T-lymphocyte activation and vascular infiltration
of leukocytes and, moreover, oxidative stress stimulating inflammatory responses via inhibition
of endothelial progenitor cells and stimulation of inflammatory and microglial cells facilitating the
development of hypertension.

Conclusion:

Besides the well-known mechanisms by which RAAS activation can lead to the development
of hypertension, the interactions between ANG II and the immune system at the brain level can
play a significant role..
Recurrences of Superficial Bladder Carcinoma are Associated with a Raise of CD8high>CD57+ and CD8low T Lymphocytes in Peripheral Blood
Authors: Jacobs John J.L. , Characiejus Dainius , Pašukonienė Vita , Jankevičius Feliksas , Van Moorselaar R. Jeroen A. , Mauricas Mykolas , Den Otter Willem
Published: June 2019

Immunotherapy with BCG is effective in patients with recurrent superficial bladder carcinoma. This therapy involves Interleukin-2 (IL-2), but little is known about the immunological parameters involved in superficial bladder carcinoma. We have monitored immunological parameters in twenty patients with superficial bladder carcinoma treated with transurethral resection (TUR) followed by IL-2 instillation. Cell numbers of peripheral blood leukocyte subpopulations were counted before surgery and during follow-up after surgery. During follow-up, we compared the cell counts in patients with and without a recurrent tumour. We used the values of healthy matched controls as a reference. Recurrent disease in patients corresponded with a significant increase in CD8+ lymphocytes, and especially the CD8highCD57+ and CD8low subpopulations. The phenotype of these T lymphocytes belongs to cells with an immunosuppressive function. We hypothesize that these peripheral immune suppressive cells facilitate tumour recurrences or that tumour recurrences cause
an increase in peripheral immune suppressive lymphocytes.
Systemic Delivery of Peptide Hormones Using Nasal Powders: Strategies and Future Perspectives
Authors: Engio Lisa , Agu Remigius U.
Published: June 2019

Background:

Peptide Hormones (PH) are mainly administered as parenteral injections due
to their peculiar physicochemical properties, and susceptibility to enzymatic degradation after oral administration.
With invasive routes, however, patient safety, acceptability, and compliance become a
concern, especially when a patient has a chronic condition that requires repeated injections. The delivery
of peptide hormones via the nasal route has gained momentum over the last few decades as a noninvasive
alternative to parenteral injections and commercially available nasal liquid products.

Objective:

The aim of this paper was to review:
(1) The benefits and limitations of nasal powder products,
(2) Formulation strategies to enhance nasal delivery of peptide hormone drugs,
(3) Nasal powder devices, and
(4) Future perspectives of therapeutic nasal powders. The drugs examined specifically include calcitonin,
desmopressin, ghrelin, glucagon, human growth hormone, insulin, octreotide, and oxytocin.

Methods::

Nasal delivery of peptide hormones using powders was reviewed with the following databases:
EBSCO, PUBMED, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and EU Clinical Trials Register.

Results:

Nasal powders are a promising drug delivery system that may be safer and more effective than
traditional injections and presently marketed nasal liquids for peptide hormone drugs.

Conclusion:

With sustained interest and growing body of supporting evidence, a range of nasal powders
for systemic delivery of these drugs and delivery devices can be expected to enter the market in the
future and offer more options to patients
Energy Enhancement Techniques for Structure-Free Wireless Sensor Network with Encrypted Data
Authors: Chaiel Hussain K. , Al-Husseini Zainab S.M. , Arif Khaldun I.
Published: June 2019

Background:

Nowadays, in military and border surveillance application, the WSNs become
an effective part of the command and control system. This requires an efficient type of cryptography.
Due to small size requirement, elliptic curve becomes the most suitable for such purpose.

Objective:

The encryption operation, in turn, increases the power required to transmit data through
the network. The aim of this work is to reduce such power.

Methods:

This work suggests three methods to reduce the needed power. The first method is
based on spread spectrum technology, which reduces the total number of levels in the network.
The second method deals with algorithm used to choose the sensing node, while the third method
suggests a cost function related directly to the available energy.

Results:

Computer simulation tests show a reduction in the required energy by 40% when we apply
the first method, while the second and third methods together reduce the energy by 12% of the
total value of the whole network.

Conclusion:

The energy required to transmit encrypted data can be reduced with the aid of routing
algorithms. These algorithm increase the coverage radius of the node transmission.