bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bayesian inference-based estimation of hourly primary and secondary organic carbon in suburban Hong Kong: multi-temporal-scale variations and evolution characteristics during PM2.5 episodes
Authors: Wang Shan , Liao Kezheng , Zhang Zijing , Cheng Yuk Ying , Wang Qiongqiong , Chen Hanzhe , Yu Jian Zhen
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Observation-based data of primary and secondary organic carbon in ambient particulate matter (PM) are essential for model evaluation, climate and air quality research, health effect assessments, and mitigation policy development. Since there are no direct measurement tools available to quantify primary organic (POC) and secondary organic carbon (SOC) as separate quantities, their estimation relies on inference approaches using relevant measurable PM constituents. In this study, we measured hourly carbonaceous components and major ions in PM2.5 for a year and a half in suburban Hong Kong from July 2020 to December 2021. We differentiated POC and SOC using a novel Bayesian inference approach. The hourly POC and SOC data allowed us to examine temporal characteristics varying from diurnal and weekly patterns to seasonal variations, as well as their evolution characteristics during individual PM2.5 episodes. A total of 65 city-wide PM2.5 episodes were identified throughout the entire study period, with SOC contributions during individual episodes varying from 10 % to 66 %. In summertime typhoon episodes, elevated SOC levels were observed during daytime hours, and high temperature and NOx levels were identified as significant factors contributing to episodic SOC formation. Winter haze episodes exhibited high SOC levels, likely due to persistent influences from regional transport originating from the northern region to the sampling site. Enhanced SOC formation was observed with increase in the nocturnal NO3 radical (indicated by the surrogate quantity of [NO2][O3]) and under conditions characterized by high water content and strong acidity. These results suggest that both NO3 chemistry and acid-catalyzed aqueous-phase reactions likely make notable contributions to SOC formation during winter haze episodes. The methodology employed in this study for estimating POC and SOC provides practical guidance for other locations with similar monitoring capabilities in place. The availability of hourly POC and SOC data is invaluable for evaluating and improving atmospheric models, as well as understanding the evolution processes of PM pollution episodes. This, in turn, leads to more accurate model predictions and a better understanding of the contributing sources and processes.
Rapid iodine oxoacid nucleation enhanced by dimethylamine in broad marine regions
Authors: Zu Haotian , Chu Biwu , Lu Yiqun , Liu Ling , Zhang Xiuhui
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Recent experiments have revealed a vital nucleation process of iodic acid (HIO3) and iodous acid (HIO2) under marine boundary layer conditions. However, HIO3–HIO2 nucleation may not effectively drive the observed rapid new particle formation (NPF) in certain coastal regions influenced by urban air masses. Dimethylamine (DMA) is a promising basic precursor to enhance nucleation considering its strong ability to stabilize acidic clusters and the wide distribution in marine atmosphere, while its role in HIO3–HIO2 nucleation remains unrevealed. Hence, a method combining quantum chemical calculations and Atmospheric Cluster Dynamics Code (ACDC) simulations was utilized to study the HIO3–HIO2–DMA nucleation process. We found that DMA can preferentially accept the proton from HIO3 as a basic precursor in the most stable configurations of HIO3–HIO2–DMA clusters. Kinetically, the participation of DMA in the cluster formation pathways of the iodine oxoacid system could be significant at the 10−1 to 1 pptv level of [DMA]. Furthermore, DMA can enhance the cluster formation rates of the HIO3–HIO2 system in marine and polar regions near DMA sources more than 103-fold. Compared to the classical nucleation mechanism, the HIO3–HIO2–DMA mechanism exhibits strong nucleation ability, worthy of consideration as a promising mechanism in marine and polar regions rich in amine sources. The newly proposed HIO3–HIO2–DMA ternary mechanism might provide an explanation for some missing fluxes of atmospheric iodine particles.
Intermediate ions as indicator for local new particle formation
Authors: Tuovinen Santeri , Lampilahti Janne , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Kulmala Markku
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol particles have a considerable influence on climate via both aerosol–radiation and aerosol–cloud interactions. A major fraction of global aerosol particles, in terms of their number concentration, is due to atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) that involves both neutral and charged clusters and particles. NPF is the major source of atmospheric intermediate ions, i.e., charged particles with mobility diameters between approx. 2 and 7 nm. We investigate ion concentrations between 1.7 and 3.1 nm at the SMEAR II (Station for Measuring Forest Ecosystem–Atmosphere Relations II) measurement station in Hyytiälä, Finland. Both negative and positive ion number size distributions measured by a Neutral cluster and Air Ion Spectrometer (NAIS) are used. Our aim is to find the best diameter size range of ions for identifying and evaluating the intensity of local intermediate ion formation (LIIF). Intermediate ion formation (IIF) refers to the formation of intermediate ions through NPF, while local means that the growth of such ions from smaller clusters has occurred in close proximity (e.g., within 500 m to 1 km) to the measurement site, i.e., locally. We find that the ions in the mobility diameter size range of 2.0–2.3 nm are the best suited for detection of LIIF. The ion concentrations in this size range indicate the elevated rates of IIF, and the potential distances the growing ions have traveled are smaller than those for larger ions. In addition, in Hyytiälä, the negative ion concentrations are more sensitive to IIF than the positive ion concentrations due to the higher difference in concentrations between periods of IIF and the background. Therefore, we recommend the concentrations of ions with diameters 2.0–2.3 nm as the best choice for identifying and evaluating the intensity of LIIF.
Hydrodynamic and biochemical impacts on the development of hypoxia in the Louisiana–Texas shelf – Part 1: roles of nutrient limitation and plankton community
Authors: Ou Yanda , Xue Z. George
Published: May 2024

Abstract. A three-dimensional coupled hydrodynamic–biogeochemical model with multiple nutrient and plankton functional groups was developed and adapted to the Gulf of Mexico to investigate the role of nutrients and the complexity of plankton community in dissolved oxygen (DO) dynamics. A 15-year hindcast was achieved covering the period of 2006–2020. Extensive model validation against in situ data demonstrates that the model was capable of reproducing vertical distributions of DO and spatial distributions of bottom DO concentration, as well as their interannual variations. The study demonstrates that bottom DO dynamics and hypoxia evolution are significantly influenced by both physical processes and local biochemistry, with sedimentary oxygen consumption and vertical diffusion identified as key contributors. Summer hydrodynamics play a critical role in nutrient distribution and limitation: a notable expansion of Si limitation was simulated when coastal currents shifted eastward or northward. This effect, especially pronounced on the western part of the Louisiana–Texas shelf, underscores the importance of nutrient limitation in shaping DO dynamics. The model identifies a bi-peak primary production pattern in spring and early summer, aligned with satellite chlorophyll a variations, attributed to the complexity of the plankton community and interactions among different plankton groups. Our findings emphasize the necessity of integrating sophisticated plankton community dynamics into biogeochemical models to understand primary production variability and its impact on bottom hypoxia.
Long-term development of a perennial firn aquifer on the Lomonosovfonna ice cap, Svalbard
Authors: van den Akker Tim , van Pelt Ward , Petterson Rickard , Pohjola Veijo A.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. An uncertain factor in assessing future sea level rise is the melt water runoff buffering capacity of snow and firn on glaciers and ice caps. Field studies have resulted in observations of perennial firn aquifers (PFAs), which are bodies of water present deep in the firn layer and sheltered from cold surface conditions. PFAs can store surface melt, thereby acting as a buffer for sea level rise, and influence the thermodynamics of the firn layer. Furthermore, ice dynamics might be affected by the presence of liquid water through hydrofracturing and water transport to the bed. In this study, we present results of applying an existing groundwater model MODLFOW 6 to an observed perennial firn aquifer on the Lomonosovfonna ice cap in central Svalbard. The observations span a three-year period, where a ground penetrating radar was used to measure the water table depth of the aquifer. We calibrate our model against observations to infer hydraulic conductivity 6.4 * 10-4 m s-1, and then use the model to project the aquifer evolution over the period 1957–2019. We find that the aquifer was present in 1957, and that it steadily grew over the modelled period with relative increases of about 11 % in total water content and 15 % in water table depth. Water table depth is found to be more sensitive to transient meltwater input than firn density changes at this location on the long term. On an annual basis, the aquifer exhibits sharp water table increases during the melt season, followed by slow seepage through the cold season.
Small emission sources disproportionately account for a large majority of total methane emissions from the US oil and gas sector
Authors: Williams James P. , Omara Mark , Himmelberger Anthony , Zavala-Araiza Daniel , MacKay Katlyn , Benmergui Joshua , Sargent Maryann , Wofsy Steven C. , Hamburg Steven P. , Gautam Ritesh
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Reducing methane emissions from the oil and gas (oil/gas) sector has been identified as a critically important global strategy for reducing near-term climate warming. Recent measurements, especially by satellite and aerial remote sensing, underscore the importance of targeting the small number of facilities emitting methane at high rates (i.e., “super-emitters”) for measurement and mitigation. However, the contributions from individual oil/gas facilities emitting at low emission rates that are often undetected are poorly understood, especially in the context of total national- and regional-level estimates. In this work, we compile empirical measurements gathered using methods with low limits of detection to develop a facility-level model to quantify total methane emissions from the continental United States (CONUS) midstream and upstream oil/gas sector for 2021. We find that ~70 % (95 % confidence intervals: 63–82 %) of total oil/gas methane emissions in the CONUS for the year 2021 (Total: 14.3 Tg/yr) originate from facilities emitting <100 kg/hr. While there is variability among the emission distribution curves for different oil/gas production basins, facilities with low emissions are consistently found to account for the majority of total basin emissions (i.e., range across basins 63 %–90 % of total basin emissions from facilities emitting <100 kg/hr). Production well sites were responsible for 70 % of total regional oil/gas methane emissions, with the highest contributions from a large population of low-producing well sites. Our results are also in broad agreement with several independent aerial remote sensing campaigns (e.g., MethaneAIR, Bridger Gas Mapping LiDAR, AVIRIS-NG, and Global Airborne Observatory). Our findings highlight the importance of accounting for the significant contribution of small emission sources to total oil/gas methane emissions. While reducing emissions from high-emitting facilities is important, it is not sufficient for the overall mitigation of methane emissions from the oil and gas sector which according to this study is dominated by small emission sources across the US. Tracking changes in emissions over time and designing effective mitigation policies should consider the large contribution of small methane sources to total emissions.
The interprovincial green water flow in China and its tele-connected effects on socio-economy
Authors: Sang Shan , Li Yan , Hou Chengcheng , Zi Shuangshuang , Lin Huiqing
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Green water (terrestrial evapotranspiration), flowing from source regions and precipitates downwind via moisture recycling, generates surface water resources and sustains socio-economy in sink regions. However, unlike blue water, there has been limited assessment of green water flows and their tele-connected effects on socio-economy. This study used the moisture tracking dataset of 2008–2017 to quantify interprovincial green water flows in China and their socio-economic contributions. Results reveal a complex flow network where green water of each province reciprocally exchanges with each other. Despite self-recycling, green water from source provinces mainly forms precipitation in neighboring provinces, with average interprovincial flow directions from west to east and south to north. About 56 % of total green water exported from 31 provinces retains at home and contributes 43 % of precipitation in China. Our assessments show that green water from source provinces embodies substantial socio-economic values for downwind provinces with regionally varying importance. Western provinces are the largest contributors to surface water resources while southwestern and central provinces embody the highest GDP, population, and food production. About 40 % surface water resources, 45 % GDP, 46 % population, and 50 % food production of China are supported by green water from 31 provinces. There is an overall increase in embodied socio-economic value of green water flow from source to sink provinces, suggesting that less developed provinces effectively support the higher socio-economic status of developed provinces through green water supply. The results emphasize the substantial tele-connected socio-economic values of green water and the need to incorporate it for a more comprehensive and effective water resources management.
Mixed signals: interpreting mixing patterns of different soil bioturbation processes through luminescence and numerical modelling
Authors: van der Meij W. Marijn , Riedesel Svenja , Reimann Tony
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Soil bioturbation plays a key role in soil functions such as carbon and nutrient cycling. Despite its importance, fundamental knowledge on how different organisms and processes impact the rates and patterns of soil mixing during bioturbation is lacking. However, this information is essential for understanding the effects of bioturbation in present-day soil functions and on long-term soil evolution. Luminescence, a light-sensitive mineral property, serves as a valuable tracer for soil bioturbation. The luminescence signal resets (bleaches) when a soil particle is exposed to daylight at the soil surface and accumulates when the particle is buried in the soil, acting as a proxy for subsurface residence times. In this study, we compiled three luminescence-based datasets of soil mixing by different biota and compared them to numerical simulations of bioturbation using the soil-landscape evolution model ChronoLorica. The goal was to understand how different mixing processes affect depth profiles of luminescence-based metrics, such as the modal age, width of the age distributions and the fraction of bleached particles. We focus on two main bioturbation processes: mounding (advective transport of soil material to the surface) and subsurface mixing (diffusive subsurface transport). Each process has a distinct effect on the luminescence metrics, which we summarized in a conceptual diagram to help with qualitative interpretation of luminescence-based depth profiles. A first attempt to derive quantitative information from luminescence datasets through model calibration showed promising results, but also highlighted gaps in data that must be addressed before accurate, quantitative estimates of bioturbation rates and processes are possible. The new numerical formulations of bioturbation, which are provided in an accompanying modelling tool, provide new possibilities for calibration and more accurate simulation of the processes in soil function and soil evolution models.
Spatiotemporal variability of flash floods and their human impacts in the Czech Republic during the 2001–2023 period
Authors: Brázdil Rudolf , Faturová Dominika , Šulc Michalková Monika , Řehoř Jan , Caletka Martin , Zahradníček Pavel
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Flash floods, characterized by their sudden onset, extreme discharges, short duration, material damage, and human loss, represent a significant natural hazard. Not well covered by standard hydrological observations, flash floods data can primarily be derived from various types of documentary evidence. This evidence served as the main data source for creating a flash flood database for the Czech Republic from 2001 to 2023. This database enabled detailed analysis of different aspects of flash floods. The annual series of the numbers of flash flood events, flash flood days, and affected municipalities showed significant inter-annual variability but no linear trends. The triggering rainfalls that generate flash floods were analyzed with respect to 1–3-hourly and daily precipitation totals and circulation types from the objective classification. While flash floods can occur anywhere, they were more frequently recorded at the foots of mountain slopes, often coinciding with "critical points" where built-up areas meet concentrated surface runoff pathways. The division of material damage caused by flash floods into eight categories indicated that the highest proportions of damage were to streets and communications, as well as to houses, their cellars, and basements. There were also several recorded fatalities. The understanding of flash floods in the Czech Republic aligns generally well with studies of flash floods in other European regions.
Spatiotemporal variations in the East Antarctic Ice Sheet during the Holocene
Authors: Ishiwa Takeshige , Okuno Jun’ichi , Tokuda Yuki , Sasaki Satoshi , Itaki Takuya , Suganuma Yusuke
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The past changes in East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) are crucial for understanding the ice sheet dynamics and its response to the Earth’s climate system. Field-based geological data and various model simulations, such as ice sheet and glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) modellings, provide significant insights into the behaviour of EAIS during the interglacial–glacial cycle. Recent in-situ cosmogenic nuclide surface exposure studies have revealed a large-scale thinning occurred in the Dronning Maud Land and Enderby Land of East Antarctica during 9–6 ka. However, the timing of this EAIS thinning event necessitates a revision of the ICE-6G model, which is a widely used GIA-based ice sheet history. To account for this temporal discrepancy, it is necessary to compare the sea levels calculated by GIA modelling with sea-level reconstructions to evaluate the validity of this refinement. The computed sea levels by GIA modelling are consistent with the relative sea-level reconstructions and indicate the spatial difference in the Holocene sea-level peaks, which is primarily due to the differences in the timings of ice-mass losses in the east and west of the Indian Ocean sector of East Antarctica. This finding challenges the prevailing assumption of synchronized ice-sheet growth and decay across this region, suggesting that the ice mass changes in the EAIS exhibit significant spatial differences.
Primary and secondary emissions from a modern fleet of city buses
Authors: Zhou Liyuan , Liu Qianyun , Salvador Christian M. , Le Breton Michael , Hallquist Mattias , Yu Jian Zhen , Chan Chak K. , Hallquist Åsa M.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The potential impact of transitioning from conventional fossil fuel to a non-fossil fuel vehicle fleet was investigated by measuring primary emissions via extractive sampling of bus plumes and assessing secondary mass formation using a Gothenburg Potential Aerosol Mass (Go:PAM) reactor from 76 in-use transit buses. Online chemical characterization of gaseous and particle emissions from these buses was conducted using a chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) with acetate as the reagent ion, coupled with a filter inlet for gases and aerosols (FIGAERO). A significant reduction (48–98 %) in fresh particle emissions was observed in buses utilizing compressed natural gas (CNG), biodiesels like rapeseed methyl ester (RME) and hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), as well as hybrid-electric HVO (HVOHEV), compared to diesel (DSL) buses. However, secondary particle formation from photooxidation of emissions was substantial across all fuel types. The median ratio of particle mass emission factors of aged to fresh emissions increased in the following order: DSL buses at 4.0, HVO buses at 6.7, HVOHEV buses at 10.5, RME buses at 10.8, and CNG buses at 84. Of the compounds that can be identified by CIMS, fresh gaseous emissions from all Euro V/EEV buses, regardless of fuel type, were dominated by nitrogen-containing compounds such as nitrous acid (HONO), nitric acid (HNO3), and isocyanic acid (HNCO), alongside small monoacids (C1–C3). Notably, nitrogen-containing compounds were significantly reduced in Euro VI buses equipped with more advanced emission control technologies. Secondary gaseous organic acids correlated strongly with gaseous HNO3 signals (R2= 0.85–0.99) in Go:PAM, but their moderate to weak correlations with post-photooxidation secondary particle mass suggest they are not reliable tracers for secondary organic aerosol formation from bus exhaust. Our study highlights that non-regulated compounds and secondary pollutant formation, not currently addressed in legislation, are crucial considerations in the evaluation of environmental impacts of future fuel and engine technology shifts.
Anticorrelation of Net Uptake of Atmospheric CO2 by the World Ocean and Terrestrial Biosphere in Current Carbon Cycle Models
Authors: Schwartz Stephen E.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The rate at which atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) would decrease in response to decrease of anthropogenic emissions or cessation (net zero emissions) is of great scientific and societal interest. Such decrease in atmospheric CO2 on the centennial scale would be due essentially entirely to transfer of carbon into the world ocean (WO) and the terrestrial biosphere (TB), which are sink compartments on this time scale. The rate of decrease of excess atmospheric CO2 and the apportionment of this decrease into the two sink compartments has been examined in two prior model intercomparison studies, subsequent either to a pulse emission of CO2 or to abrupt cessation of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. The present study examines and quantifies inter-model anticorrelation in those studies in the net rate and extent of uptake of CO2 into the two sink compartments. Specifically, in each study the time-dependent coefficients characterizing the net transfer rate into the two sink compartments, (evaluated as the net transfer rate normalized to excess atmospheric CO2 above pre-pulse amount, for the pulse experiment; or as the net transfer rate divided by excess atmospheric CO2 above preindustrial amount, for the abrupt cessation experiment) was found to exhibit strong anticorrelation across the participating models. That is, models for which the normalized rate of uptake into the WO was high exhibited low uptake rate into the TB, and vice versa. This anticorrelation in net transfer rate results in anticorrelation in net uptake extent into the two compartments that is substantially greater than would be expected simply from competition for excess CO2 between the two sink compartments. This anticorrelation, which is manifested in diminished inter-model diversity, can lead to artificially enhanced confidence in current understanding of the consequences of potential future reductions of CO2 emissions and in the global warming potentials of non-CO2 greenhouse gases relative to that of CO2.
Health sciences faculty publication patterns and related information-seeking behavior
Authors: De Groote Sandy , Scoulas Jung Mi
Published: May 2024

Objectives: This study aims to explore how health science faculty publication patterns at a large public research university have changed over time and examine how productivity relates to their information-seeking behavior and perception of the academic library.
Methods: Two datasets were utilized: one consisted of publication records of health sciences faculty spanning a 15-year period, while the other was from a faculty survey exploring faculty's perception of and satisfaction with library resources and services related to their research.
Results: Health sciences faculty publication patterns have changed over time, characterized by greater productivity, collaboration, and use of literature in their publications. Faculty's literature use correlates with productivity, as evidenced by both datasets. The survey revealed that faculty with more publications tend to rely more on online journals and Interlibrary Loan (ILL). Similarly, the publication data indicated that less productive faculty tended to use fewer references in their publications.
Discussion: The publication data and survey results offer valuable insights into the health sciences faculty's information-seeking behavior and productivity. Online access to information has been effective in facilitating use of information, as indicated by the greater incorporation of references in publications.
Conclusion: The study highlights the changing publication patterns and productivity of health sciences faculty, as well as the role academic libraries play in supporting their research and publishing activities. Although multiple variables influence faculty access to and use of information, faculty attitudes towards the library and use of the library are related to faculty research and productivity.
Predictors of histologic remission in patients with biologic-naïve, moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis treated with first-line biologic agents and small-molecule drugs: a single-center, retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jo Kijae , Kim Kwang Woo , Lee Hyun Jung , Im Jong Pil , Kim Joo Sung , Koh Seong-Joon
Published: May 2024

Background/Aims: The prevalence and incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) in Korea is increasing. Each patient has a different disease course and treatment response. Recently, with the development of biologic agents, histological remission has become a treatment goal. In this study, we aimed to identify the predictors of histological remission after first-line biologic agent treatment in patients with biologic agent-naïve UC.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 92 patients who had been diagnosed with UC and treated with first-line biologic agent treatment at our center, between 2015 and 2022. The clinical characteristics, laboratory test results, and endoscopic and biopsy findings were analyzed. Histological remission was defined as the absence of cryptitis, crypt abscesses, and inflammatory cells on histology. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the predictors of histological remission after first-line treatment.Results: Of the total 92 patients, 25 (27.2%) achieved histological remission. Each cohort had a varied body mass index (BMI) distribution, with a statistically significant overweight ratio, as defined by the Asian-Pacific BMI category of 23–25 kg/m2, of 48.0% in the histological remission cohort (P= 0.026). A causal correlation between the overweight category and histological remission was confirmed (odds ratio, 3.883; 95% confidence interval, 1.141–13.212; P= 0.030).Conclusions: We confirmed that the overweight category was a predictor of histological remission after first-line treatment with a biological agent. However, as BMI does not account for skeletal muscle mass, future studies are required to confirm the correlation between skeletal muscle mass and histological remission.
The Buddhist Sengzhao’s Roots in Daoism: Ex Contradictione Nihil
Authors: Oda Takaharu
Published: May 2024

Sengzhao (c.374–414) was a Chinese Neo-Daoist who converted to Mahāyāna Buddhism, and few people doubt his influence on Chinese Buddhist philosophy. In this article, provided his Neo-Daoism (*xuanxue*) and Madhyamaka Buddhism, I will present how Sengzhao featured a symbolic meaning of ‘void’ (*śūnya*) as rooted originally in Daoism. The Daoist contradictions, in particular between ‘being’ (*you*) and ‘nothing [non-being]’ (*wu*), are essential to the development of his doctrine of ‘no ultimate void’ (不真空論, *Buzhenkonglun*). To understand what Sengzhao meant by ‘void’, which is in denial about the ultimate reality, I broach a notion of *nihil* (‘nothing’ but also ‘no value’) that bears on his discursive practice. In this light, I formulate a Daoist argument for contradictions and ECN (*ex contradictione nihil* – nothing follows from contradictions) from Laozi’s *Daodejing*. Furthermore, I elaborate on Sengzhao’s defence of ECN in his *Buzhenkonglun*. Reconstructing his negative approach to contradictions within the scope of the four-valued expressions (*catuṣkoṭi*) in the Madhyamaka tradition from Nāgārjuna, I consider a likely objection that a fifth value such as the ineffable may be inferred as void. Instead of subsuming the ineffable value under his discourse, I finally endorse Sengzhao’s purpose of linguistic and conventional approximation of the ultimate reality as silence. As such, I conclude the significance of void in Sengzhao’s denials via contradictions (ECN), i.e. an early philosophical peak of Chinese Buddhism from Daoism.
The effects of the ECB’s unconventional monetary policies from 2011 to 2018 on banking assets
Authors: Dwyer Gerald P. , Gilevska Biljana , Nieto María J. , Samartín Margarita
Published: May 2024

We examine the effects of all three major European Central Bank (ECB) unconventional monetary policies since 2011 for euro area banks’ holdings of loans, government securities and cash deposited in central banks. The three ECB policies are longer-term refinancing operations (LTROs), the asset purchase programmes and the ECB’s interest rate on its deposit facility. We also compare the responses of non-crisis and crisis countries to these policies. Our evidence indicates that the ECB’s unconventional monetary policy measures increased bank lending across the euro area countries. The second round of LTROs, also known as targeted LTROs (TLTROs), were conditional on banks increasing their lending. This change had a substantially larger effect on total lending by banks. The computed effects of the LTROs and TLTROs, based on average size, indicate that in non-crisis countries LTROs increased bank loans by 7.6% of assets and TLTROs increased bank loans by 16.4% of assets, whereas in crisis countries the increases were 8.4% and 14.6% for LTROs and TLTROs, respectively. We find that both LTROs and TLTROs were associated with decreases in government securities held by banks in non-crisis countries, while the LTROs were associated with increases in government securities held by banks in crisis countries.
Romanian language - symbol of national identity and factor of state security
Authors: Cepraga Lucia , Birsan Svetlana
Published: May 2024

According to international standards, the official language of a nation state represents an element of national security, as well as the symbolism of the state, along with the flag, coat of arms, anthem and other national symbols. Language is the guarantor of a company's functionality. The current reality demonstrates the increasing degree of state involvement in the most diverse processes: social, cultural, economic, educational, etc. The language policy of a state is represented by a set of laws, rules and guidelines adopted by the state authorities in relation to the language or languages existing or used on the territory of that country. This includes the adoption of an official language, determines its learning, the status of minority languages as well as the attitude of reporting and protecting the language against the influence of foreign cultures. In this vein, language has become for the political domain of a state an object, resource and means of control. Through language policies, adopted as administrative measures, the State administers linguistic pluralism.
The efficacy of financial stability on economic growth: the experience of developing countries with large financial sectors
Authors: Mabeba Mahlatse
Published: May 2024

Recent years have attracted the attention of policymakers about the effect of financial stability on economic growth. These developments raise more concern for developing countries with large financial sectors. From a recent history of financial crises, we learn that countries highly exposed to international financial markets experience adverse economic trajectories. The focal countries for this study are Brazil, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, and South Africa. This empirical study has a sample period from 1996 to 2022, capturing the most recent quantifiable events. The study considers aggregate measures of financial stability from the financial system. We make use of the random effects panel data methodology which captures the heterogeneity associated with the developing countries in variegated continents. The implication of this study is that financial stability policies that aim to stabilize financial institutions and their functions will significantly affect economic growth. This study finds that financial stability has a significant and negative effect on economic growth.
Small and medium entrepreneurship: role in economic security
Authors: Malgina Irene
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to the role of small and medium entrepreneurship (SME) in economic security. In the introduction, the author determined that there are different approaches to understanding economic security and the role of SME in it. The purpose of this work is to determine the role of SME in economic security based on the analysis of various documents. In the main part, the author reveals the functions of SME and the goals in relation to them in the national national security strategies of various countries. It was determined that the national security strategies of various countries usually included an element of SME. The author has identified several main national security strategies of various countries. An analysis was made of the levels of economic security and state economic policy for the formation of the SME space. An analysis of the main strategic documents in the field of national security and development of SME in the Republic of Belarus revealed their certain synchronization at the macro level. An analysis of the main directions or really existing challenges and threats to the national security and economic security of the Republic of Belarus from the perspective of SME showed that in most cases the participation of SME is very possible. In conclusion, it is noted that the role of SME in economic, technological, information and other types of security is obvious. Conceptual documents in the field of national security and SME development in the Republic of Belarus pursue the same goals. In this regard, in the context of ensuring economic security, the task of increasing the efficiency of state support for SME is being updated based on harmonizing approaches to the development of its conceptual framework and assessment methodology aimed at leveling internal and external threats to economic security.
Ethical challenges in medical services
Authors: Agheorghiesei Doina-Monica , Bercu Ana-Maria
Published: May 2024

We live in an era that offers more and more different healthcare alternatives: innovative technologies, high-standard medical interventions, state-of-the-art treatments, all to give people the greatest possible life expectancy. In order to put medical ethics into practice, it is important both to recognize the problems involving ethical norms and principles and to resolve them. The structural and practical challenges of medical ethics lie in policy making and ethical management planning activities. Our work proposes to answer the issue of the importance of ethics in the medical sector in the age of new technologies. The research methodology used consists in the study and analysis of specialized literature with a scientific and transparent approach, identifying existing and relevant research of recent date, regarding ethics and ethical challenges in the Romanian medical sector, the security of medical services and the implications regarding the use of artificial intelligence. The preliminary conclusions indicate the need to improve the quality management system in the medical sector, which should be oriented towards the application of ethical principles and norms, especially in the context of the use of new information technologies.
Psychosocial adaptation of persons with special needs as one of the factors of national security of the country.
Authors: Polevaia-Secareanu Angela
Published: May 2024

The paper examines the features of the demographic situation that has developed in recent years in terms of an increase in the birth rate of children with special needs, personnel shortages and additional pressure on the social protection system, which have a direct relationship and impact on the security of the individual, society and the state. The main difficulties associated with the psychosocial adaptation of persons with special educational needs into society, which is associated with the fulfillment of a number of socio-economic conditions, the main of which is access to quality education and multilateral development, are analyzed. Organizational forms of health, physical education and sports activities were studied as the most effective opportunity for the socialization of children with special educational needs. Analytical and statistical research methods were used, including the method of constructing and analyzing time series. A sociological study was conducted to study the attitude of the adult population to the possibility of psychosocial adaptation of children with special needs in the process of physical education in general education and sports schools. The respondents were: teachers of secondary schools, specialists from various fields, including teachers of physical education, parents of children with special educational needs, sports coaches
Análisis comparativo de la clorofila-a del sensor Modis-Aqua con datos in situ frente a la costa peruana durante el verano 2018
Authors: Escudero Luis , Ledesma Jesús , Xu Han , Grados Daniel
Published: May 2024

Se registró la clorofila-a in situ superficial (0-0,5 m) por la técnica fluorométrica durante el crucero 2018-0204 a lo largo de la costa peruana y, se estimó el mismo parámetro a través del modelo OC3M usando imágenes de nivel 0 del sensor MODIS, del satélite Aqua de 250 m de resolución espacial, con el programa SeaDAS 7.4. Al comparar ambas mediciones en 72 estaciones efectuadas durante el crucero, se obtuvo R2 de 0,66; en las sub-áreas Norte y Sur se detectó mayor correlación (R2 de 0,77 y 0,76) mientras que en el Centro fue 0,42 debido a la alta variabilidad temporal de la distribución de clorofila-a y la nubosidad. El Error Cuadrático Medio (RMSE) de los datos del MODIS fue 35%, evidenciándose alta confiabilidad de esos datos, y los valores del BIAS (sesgo) indican que existe ligera subestimación por el sensor MODIS en las sub-áreas Norte y Centro, y sobreestimación en el área Sur. El diagrama de dispersión muestra que, al incrementar la concentración del pigmento, el grado de dispersión es mayor entre ambas mediciones. El criterio utilizado en este trabajo para determinar los tipos del agua ha sido comprobado con los resultados estadísticos.
Tracking Control Based on Model Predictive and Adaptive Neural Network Sliding Mode of Tiltrotor UAV
Authors: Ouyang Zijing , Xu Sheng , Su Chengyue
Published: May 2024

As the low-altitude economy rapidly expands, the demand for UAVs is increasingly growing, and their operational scenarios are becoming more complex, with higher requirements for endurance and short-distance take-off and landing performance. Tiltrotor UAVs, characterized by vertical take-off and landing and long endurance, have attracted widespread attention for their potential applications. However, the dynamics and flight paths of tiltrotor UAVs are highly nonlinear, and traditional linear flight controllers cannot fully utilize the real-time performance capabilities of tiltrotor UAVs. Under the conditions of model uncertainty and input saturation in tiltrotor UAVs, traditional LOS+PID control strategies exhibit characteristics of insufficient responsiveness and excessive overshoot. To improve the performance of tiltrotor UAVs in completing path tracking tasks, we have developed a new control strategy. By establishing an error model for three-dimensional space path tracking, we propose a cascaded control strategy of motion controllers and dynamic controllers. The motion controller is designed based on model predictive control, generating a series of speed-limited signals. Then, in the dynamic controller part, an adaptive radial basis function neural network is used to estimate the model uncertainty caused by aerodynamic parameters to enhance its robustness. Finally, the proposed algorithm is compared with the LOS guidance method and PID controller through simulation experiments. The comparison results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the path tracking effect, increase the response speed, and reduce the overshoot.
Practice of Open Regional Industry Education Integration Practice Center
Authors: Guo Ting , Yang Ruonan
Published: May 2024

In order to implement the national policies and guidelines on the integration of industry and education, and effectively improve the quality of talent cultivation, Sichuan Urban Vocational College and Chengdu Bru Future Education Consulting Co., Ltd. jointly build the Industry College of Bru Future Special Education of Sichuan Urban Vocational College as the practice center for the integration of industry and education. The practice center is deeply integrated into the system engineering of talent cultivation, achieving a win-win situation for both schools and enterprises. The construction of the practice center will carry out projects such as student practical training, social training, and technical services, provide digital empowerment, and cultivate high skilled talents in the industry that are in short supply.
Acupuncture and Massage Techniques Combined to Treat Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome
Authors: Li Bingchen
Published: May 2024

During the process of alcohol withdrawal, patients may experience withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety, depression, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, headache, chills, sweating, palpitation, poor sleep, tremors, hallucinations and other withdrawal symptoms. Beneficial effects of acupuncture include reducing the need for alcohol, relieving withdrawal symptoms, and increasing energy and relaxation. In this way, the purpose of quitting drinking can be achieved by regulating the balance of yin and yang in the body and the partial prosperity and partial decline of the internal organs. Acupuncture can reduce a patient's need for alcohol, relieve withdrawal symptoms, reduce anxiety, hostility, stress, insomnia and depression, as well as increase energy and relaxation. After patients quit drinking through acupuncture treatment, alcohol withdrawal symptoms are significantly reduced to a tolerable level or even disappear completely. At the same time, massaging Guanchong point can promote the metabolism of water and alcohol in the body, which has a very good sobering effect.
Design and Implementation of a Student Attendance Management System based on Springboot and Vue Technology
Authors: Liu Yixuan
Published: May 2024

This paper describes in detail the development process of Student Attendance Management System based on Spring Boot, Vue.js and MySQL. The system aims to provide an efficient and automated solution for recording and managing student attendance to improve the daily management efficiency of educational institutions and reduce the administrative burden of teachers. The system adopts a modularized design, covering functional modules such as user management, student management, teacher management, class and course management, attendance record, leave management, statistical report and system settings. Through the practice of this project, we can have a deeper understanding of the powerful functions of modern Web development technology and its application prospects, and deepen our knowledge of Spring Boot back-end development, Vue.js front-end design and MySQL database operation in practical applications.
Research on Air Quality Prediction Based on Neural Networks
Authors: Wan Ruihao
Published: May 2024

In view of the increasingly serious air pollution problem, to alleviate the harmful effects of air pollution on human body and society, this paper studies the prediction of air quality. Due to the nonlinear, regional and dispersive characteristics of pollutant data, the effective utilization rate of data is low and the prediction process is extremely complicated. How to effectively build a prediction model and improve the prediction accuracy of air quality is a hot issue in current research. This paper mainly introduces the current research status of air quality prediction.
Dialectics of Entropy
Authors: Kremer Attay
Published: May 2024

The 19th century saw a dramatic transformation in the basic categories of knowledge, both in metaphysics and in physics the notions of time and matter became intertwined, following the industrial revolution. In a crucial sense, both dialectical materialism and entropic physics reflect the changes induced by the industrial revolution. In this paper, I will examine the notion of entropy so as to form a dialectical concept of it. In doing so, I will relate dialectical materialism and entropy to demonstrate their shared ground. The goal of this will be to show what the consequences of the industrial revolution have been on the form of time itself. Rather than the formal time, linear time of Newtonian mechanics and Kant’s transcendental idealism, time today has become an unorientable surface, relating back to itself in important ways. Taking some topological ideas from Deleuze’s treatment of the third synthesis of time in Difference and Repetition (1969), as well as Žižek’s concept of dialectical materialism from Sex and the Failed Absolute (2019), I will show how these disparate notions of material time bear on the topology of time after the industrial revolution.
Overview of the development of chip manufacturing technology
Authors: Li Jishi
Published: May 2024

With the rapid progress of modern science and technology, the manufacturing process of chips, which serves as the core of microelectronics technology, plays a crucial role in both producing and improving electronic products. With the advancement of science and technology and the continuous growth of market demand, the research and development of the chip manufacturing process has become more and more critical. This paper explores the historical development, essential technologies, and prospects related to chip manufacturing. It provides a comprehensive understanding of this field through six sections including an introduction, overview of the process, application areas, key technologies, future trends, and concluding remarks. This study offers valuable guidance and reference for related industries and research fields. It is found that the chip process has an important position and broad application prospects in the field of modern science and technology. In the future, chip manufacturing processes will move towards smaller feature sizes. Future chip manufacturing processes will pay more attention to process optimization, and improve the process flow to reduce loss and waste, in order to improve the efficiency and reliability of chip production.