bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reliable Numerical Solution of a Class of Nonlinear Elliptic Problems Generated by the Poisson–Boltzmann Equation
Authors: Kraus Johannes , Nakov Svetoslav , Repin Sergey I.
Published: June 2019

We consider a class of nonlinear elliptic problems associated with models in biophysics, which are described by the Poisson–Boltzmann equation (PBE).
We prove mathematical correctness of the problem, study a suitable class of approximations, and deduce guaranteed and fully computable bounds of approximation errors.
The latter goal is achieved by means of the approach suggested in [19] for convex variational problems.
Moreover, we establish the error identity, which defines the error measure natural for the considered class of problems and show that it yields computable majorants and minorants of the global error as well as indicators of local errors that provide efficient adaptation of meshes.
Theoretical results are confirmed by a collection of numerical tests that includes problems on 2D and 3D Lipschitz domains.
Market Soundings: The Interaction between Securities Regulation and Company Law in the United Kingdom and Italy
Authors: Lombardo Stefano , Mucciarelli Federico M.
Published: June 2019

Before deciding on operations involving share issuance or sale, companies or shareholders may seek
to disclose information to selected investors, in order to gauge their opinion on the envisaged market operation. Despite such “market soundings” risk violating the prohibition of insider trading, selective disclosures have been partially accepted in several European jurisdictions. Market soundings have been eventually regulated in the MAR, which clarifies under which circumstances they are allowed and the position of the involved parties. This article analyses the rules on market soundings in the MAR with regard to issuance in the secondary market and accelerated bookbuildings. In this context, the question arises of whether harmonised rules on market soundings are compatible with national company law regimes. To address this issue, it will be assessed how Italian and English company law regimes react towards selective disclosures. It will be shown that a tension may still exist between uniform rules on market abuses and national company law rules, mostly with regard to directors’ duties and liabilities.
The New European Union Framework for Banking Crisis Management: Rules versus Discretion
Authors: Brescia Morra Concetta
Published: June 2019

What Tolstoy says about families also applies to banks: sound banks are all alike, but every failing bank fails in its own way. This is the reason why broad discretion is needed to manage banking crises. This paper studies the Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive to assess whether it grants the competent authorities enough discretionary powers to deal with banking crises in the most efficient way. The new EU legal framework for banking resolution is marked by a very complex system of rules, with numerous constraints on the discretionary choices of the competent authorities, which could make it difficult to reach the goals underlying the BRRD, i. e., ensuring long term financial and economic stability and reducing the public cost of banking crises.
Does Say on Pay Matter? Evidence from Germany
Authors: Tröger Tobias H. , Walz Uwe
Published: June 2019

We analyze a hand-collected dataset of 1682 executive compensation packages at 34 firms included in the main German stock market index (DAX) for the years 2009-2017 in order to investigate the impact of the 2009 say on pay-legislation. The findings provide important insights beyond the German case, not only for the impending implementation of the revised European Shareholder Rights Directive. First, we observe that the compensation packages of management board members of Germany’s DAX30-firms are closely linked to key performance measures such as return-on-assets and size. Second, and most important for our topic, our findings suggest that it is essential to take a closer look at the contractual set-up for the compensation schemes and their structure. When we only consider the compensation packages of all board members, the hypothesis that remuneration is decreased if shareholder support for compensation schemes is low in say on pay-votes finds only weak support, if any at all. However, we find that the supervisory board is responsive to say on pay-votes when it comes to the design of compensation packages for newly entering candidates, i.e. within the binding restrictions of contract law, it reacts as envisioned by policy makers. It is a consequence of the way say on pay is supposed to work that our results are driven by the rather few pronouncedly discontent say on pay-votes in corporate Germany – only where disapproval is voiced supervisory boards have reason to change compensation packages. They leave matters unaffected where shareholders show rather strong support for the proposed schemes as is the case in most of the observations in our dataset. Yet, it is important because it informs our understanding of the channels through which say on pay works. Our observations carry over to the general analytical approach for say on pay-regimes. Any evaluation of a shareholder voice-strategy in regulating executive remuneration has to pay close attention to the limits contract law stipulates for the adaptation of existing remuneration agreements and thus has to take a medium to long-term view that ideally extends to a full turnover-period for board-members.
Development of vegetable oil-based conducting rigid PU foam
Authors: Agrawal Anuja , Kaur Raminder , Walia R.S.
Published: June 2019

In this study, carbon fibre powder has been used as reinforcement to enhance the electrical conductivity of bio-based rigid polyurethane foam. Effect of carbon fibre incorporation on the mechanical, thermal and flame retardant properties has also been investigated. Results concluded that the foams with 8% carbon fibre concentration showed up to 288% increase in compressive strength. Furthermore, up to 28% decrease in the peak of heat release rate (PHRR) was observed on the incorporation of carbon fibre powder. Additionally, the rate of smoke production was also found decreased for carbon fibre reinforced foams. Foams with 8% and 10% carbon fibre concentration show conductivity of 1.9 × 10-4 and 7.1 × 10-4 S/m, respectively. So, carbon fibre powder may be used as a potential filler to enhance the electrical conductivity of rigid foams without compromising the other properties.
The 𝑝-adic variation of the Gross–Kohnen–Zagier theorem
Authors: Longo Matteo , Nicole Marc-Hubert
Published: June 2019

We relate p-adic families of Jacobi forms to big Heegner points constructed by B. Howard, in the spirit of the Gross–Kohnen–Zagier theorem.
We view this as a

GL
⁢

(
2
)

{\mathrm{GL}(2)}

instance of a p-adic Kudla program.
Projective objects in the category of pointwise finite dimensional representations of an interval finite quiver
Authors: Jiao Pengjie
Published: June 2019

For an interval finite quiver Q, we introduce a class of flat representations.
We classify the indecomposable projective objects in the category

rep
⁢

(
Q
)

{\mathrm{rep}(Q)}

of pointwise finite dimensional representations.
We show that an object in

rep
⁢

(
Q
)

{\mathrm{rep}(Q)}

is projective if and only if it is a direct sum of countably generated flat representations.
A prime geodesic theorem for SL3(ℤ)
Authors: Deitmar Anton , Spilioti Polyxeni , Gon Yasuro
Published: June 2019

We show a prime geodesic theorem for the group

SL
3

⁢

(
ℤ
)

{\mathrm{SL}_{3}(\mathbb{Z})}

counting those geodesics whose lifts lie in the split Cartan subgroup.
This is the first arithmetic prime geodesic theorem of higher rank for a non-cocompact group.
Timber species identification from chemical fingerprints using direct analysis in real time (DART) coupled to Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS): comparison of wood samples subjected to different treatments
Authors: Zhang Maomao , Zhao Guangjie , Guo Juan , Wiedenhoeft Alex C. , Liu Charles C. , Yin Yafang
Published: June 2019

Timber genus identification based on the anatomical features of wood is well established in botany. However, species-level wood identification is not always possible based on traditional wood morphology techniques alone. To compensate for the deficiencies of traditional methods, direct analysis in real time coupled to Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (DART-FTICR-MS) was used to obtain the mass spectral fingerprints of different timber species. Using heartwood samples of two morphologically similar species, Pterocarpus santalinus and Pterocarpus tinctorius, subjected to different treatments, i.e. solvent extractions and powdered samples as well as air-dried samples and samples dried at low and high temperatures, we observed distinct chemical signatures for the wood samples from the two species, enabling rapid species-level identification when multivariate statistical analysis was adopted. The supervised orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) models for samples subjected to different treatments all exhibited accurate differentiation performance of the explained fraction of variance of classes (R2Y = 0.936–0.987) and the cross-validated fraction of variance of classes (Q2 = 0.857–0.949). Compared with solvent types and the physical form of the sample, the drying treatment method had a greater impact on the chemical fingerprint from DART-FTICR-MS. Air-dried wood chips were the optimal samples for the DART-FTICR-MS method coupled with statistical analysis.
Framing terminology in legal translation
Authors: Faber Pamela , Reimerink Arianne
Published: June 2019

Legal language and its translation are considerably more complex than scientific and technical translation because the legal object is a text that performs an action. For this reason it is not only necessary to consider the legal terminology but also the structure of the text itself as well as the verbs used and their performative act. In this paper, we explore how the analysis of terminological meaning in legal texts can be addressed from the perspective of Frame-Based Terminology (FBT), a cognitive approach to domain-specific language, which directly links specialized knowledge representation to cognitive linguistics and cognitive semantics. In a case study on international agreements in the context of environmental law, we analyze the argument structure of verbs as well as the conceptual categories of their semantic arguments providing insights into the semantic profile of this text type. The representation of the verb class and its semantic arguments can be considered a type of interlingua that could be used as a basis for translation.
Study on Fractional Differential Equations with Modified Riemann–Liouville Derivative via Kudryashov Method
Authors: Aksoy Esin , Bekir Ahmet , Çevikel Adem C
Published: June 2019

In this work, the Kudryashov method is handled to find exact solutions of nonlinear fractional partial differential equations in the sense of the modified Riemann–Liouville derivative as given by Guy Jumarie. Firstly, these fractional equations can be turned into another nonlinear ordinary differential equations by fractional complex transformation. Then, the method is applied to solve the space-time fractional Symmetric Regularized Long Wave equation and the space-time fractional generalized Hirota–Satsuma coupled KdV equation. The obtained solutions include generalized hyperbolic functions solutions.
Society and Civil War in Africa During the Tetrarchy: The Rebellion of Lucius Domitius Alexander (308–310 CE)
Authors: Cases Laurent J.
Published: June 2019

In the year 308 CE, the African army raised to the purple theagens vices praefectorum praetorioLucius Domitius Alexander. This rather unique case of avicariusbecoming emperor is deserving of investigation. Scholarly interest on the matter has traditionally focused on the broader political significance, treating Alexander as a traditional usurper. This paper argues that, contrary to traditional studies, the regime of Alexander focused on very local, African tropes. The uniqueness of the advertisement suggests that this African usurpation was the product of discontent internal to Africa; in other words, it is a departure from the usurpations of the third century. The achievements of Diocletian, who supposedly stabilized the Empire, ended when he withdrew, and the rebellion of 308–310 demonstrates that there remained unaddressed tensions between the provinces and the remaining tetrarchs.
Becoming Empire: Neo-Assyrian palaces and the creation of courtly culture
Authors: Groß Melanie , Kertai David
Published: June 2019

Assyria (911–612 BCE) can be described as the founder of the imperial model of kingship in the ancient Near East. The Assyrian court itself, however, remains poorly understood. Scholarship has treated the court as a disembodied, textual entity, separated from the physical spaces it occupied – namely, the palaces. At the same time, architectural analyses have examined the physical structures of the Assyrian palaces, without consideration for how these structures were connected to people’s lives and works. The palaces are often described as secluded, inaccessible locations. This study presents the first model of the Assyrian court contextualized in its actual palaces. It provides a nuanced model highlighting how the court organized the immense flow of information, people and goods entering the palace as a result of the empire’s increased size and complexity. It argues that access to the king was regulated by three gates of control which were manned by specific types of personnel and a more situational organization that moved within the physical spaces of the palace and was contingent on the king’s activity.
An open-label randomized pragmatic non-inferiority pilot trial to compare the effectiveness of Dysentery compound with individualized homeopathic medicines in irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Nahar Laijun , Paul Swapan , Chattopadhyay Abhijit , Koley Munmun , Saha Subhranil
Published: June 2019

Background

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent gastro-intestinal disorder characterized by recurrent abdominal pain, bloating, altered bowel function and myriad of gastro-intestinal symptoms. Dysentery compound (DC), a ‘bowel nosode’, is one of the homeopathic medicines to treat IBS, but remained under-researched. We hypothesized that DC would be non-inferior to individualized homeopathy (IH) in treatment of IBS.

Method

An open, randomized (1:1), parallel arms, pragmatic, non-inferiority, pilot trial was conducted to compare the effectiveness of DC with IH medicines in 60 IBS patients. IBS Quality of Life (IBS-QOL) questionnaire was used as the outcome measure; assessed at baseline and after 3 months. Comparative analysis was carried out on the primary outcome to detect non-inferiority by one-tailed t test at alpha=5% with a prefixed margin (Δ) of 1.0 based on assumption.

Results

Six subjects dropped out. Groups were comparable at baseline (all p>0.01). Though intra-group changes were higher favoring IH over DC, group differences were statistically non-significant (all p>0.01). Non-inferiority was not demonstrated by DC against IH over 3 months (mean difference= −3.3, SE=5.2, lower 95% confidence limit −11.9, t= −0.453, p=0.674). No adverse events were reported from either group.

Conclusion

Non-inferiority of DC against IH in treatment of IBS was not demonstrated though it appeared as safe; still, being a pilot trial, no definite conclusion could be drawn. Further exploration of both efficacy and effectiveness of either of the therapies is necessary by adequately powered trials and independent replications. Trial registration: CTRI/2017/05/008480; UTN: U1111-1196-1004.
Role of antioxidant supplementation in oxidant/antioxidant status and hepatotoxic effects due to aflatoxin B1 in wheat miller workers
Authors: Saad-Hussein Amal , Moubarz Gehan , Mohgah Sh. Abdalla , Wafaa Gh. Shousha , Aya H. Mohamed
Published: June 2019

Background

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is classified as a Group I carcinogen. A Previous study found that oxidative stress from the metabolism of AFB1 induced hepatotoxic effects in wheat miller workers. Zinc and vitamin C may play a significant role in the activation of detoxification and overcoming the oxidative stress of AFB1.

Objectives

A prospective clinical trial was designed to evaluate the role of zinc and vitamin C oral supplementation on the oxidant-antioxidant status and the hepatotoxic effects of AFB1 in wheat miller workers.

Methods

Liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, and GGT), P53 protein, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione S transferase (GST), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), zinc and vitamin C were estimated in 35 wheat miller workers before and after zinc and vitamin C supplementation for 1 month.

Results

The results revealed that zinc and vitamin C were significantly increased after the one-month supplementation, while liver enzymes (AST, ALP, and GGT), MDA, and GST of the workers were significantly decreased. SOD and P53 were also decreased but not to a significant level; SOD was decreased in 56% and P53 was decreased in 58% of the total workers.

Conclusions

Zinc and vitamin C oral supplementation for 1 month had an ameliorative effect on the hepatotoxicity of AFB1 in wheat miller workers, through decreasing MDA, SOD, and GST levels that in turn led to an improvement in their liver enzymes. Further study on a larger scale is needed to confirm these results.
Opposition Intensity-Based Cuckoo Search Algorithm for Data Privacy Preservation
Authors: Shailaja G.K. , Rao C.V. Guru
Published: June 2019

Privacy-preserving data mining (PPDM) is a novel approach that has emerged in the market to take care of privacy issues. The intention of PPDM is to build up data-mining techniques without raising the risk of mishandling of the data exploited to generate those schemes. The conventional works include numerous techniques, most of which employ some form of transformation on the original data to guarantee privacy preservation. However, these schemes are quite multifaceted and memory intensive, thus leading to restricted exploitation of these methods. Hence, this paper intends to develop a novel PPDM technique, which involves two phases, namely, data sanitization and data restoration. Initially, the association rules are extracted from the database before proceeding with the two phases. In both the sanitization and restoration processes, key extraction plays a major role, which is selected optimally using Opposition Intensity-based Cuckoo Search Algorithm, which is the modified format of Cuckoo Search Algorithm. Here, four research issues, such as hiding failure rate, information preservation rate, and false rule generation, and degree of modification are minimized using the adopted sanitization and restoration processes.
M-HMOGA: A New Multi-Objective Feature Selection Algorithm for Handwritten Numeral Classification
Authors: Guha Ritam , Ghosh Manosij , Singh Pawan Kumar , Sarkar Ram , Nasipuri Mita
Published: June 2019

The feature selection process is very important in the field of pattern recognition, which selects the informative features so as to reduce the curse of dimensionality, thus improving the overall classification accuracy. In this paper, a new feature selection approach named Memory-Based Histogram-Oriented Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm (M-HMOGA) is introduced to identify the informative feature subset to be used for a pattern classification problem. The proposed M-HMOGA approach is applied to two recently used feature sets, namely Mojette transform and Regional Weighted Run Length features. The experimentations are carried out on Bangla, Devanagari, and Roman numeral datasets, which are the three most popular scripts used in the Indian subcontinent. In-house Bangla and Devanagari script datasets and Competition on Handwritten Digit Recognition (HDRC) 2013 Roman numeral dataset are used for evaluating our model. Moreover, as proof of robustness, we have applied an innovative approach of using different datasets for training and testing. We have used in-house Bangla and Devanagari script datasets for training the model, and the trained model is then tested on Indian Statistical Institute numeral datasets. For Roman numerals, we have used the HDRC 2013 dataset for training and the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology dataset for testing. Comparison of the results obtained by the proposed model with existing HMOGA and MOGA techniques clearly indicates the superiority of M-HMOGA over both of its ancestors. Moreover, use of K-nearest neighbor as well as multi-layer perceptron as classifiers speaks for the classifier-independent nature of M-HMOGA. The proposed M-HMOGA model uses only about 45–50% of the total feature set in order to achieve around 1% increase when the same datasets are partitioned for training-testing and a 2–3% increase in the classification ability while using only 35–45% features when different datasets are used for training-testing with respect to the situation when all the features are used for classification.
A novel mutation leading to the lethal form of carnitine palmitoyltransferase type-2 deficiency
Authors: Dorum Sevil , Güney Varal Ipek , Gorukmez Orhan , Dogan Pelin , Ekici Arzu
Published: June 2019

Background

The clinical phenotypes of carnitine palmitoyltransferase type-2 deficiency (CPT2D) are classified into lethal neonatal, severe infantile and muscle forms. The rarest form is the lethal neonatal form.

Case presentation

The patient was hypotonic and bradycardic at admission. Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine were high. He had polycystic kidneys, patent foramen ovale and aortic valve insufficiency. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed increased signal intensities in the periventricular white matter. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS) analysis was compatible with CPT2D. We found a homozygous in-frame deletion in the CPT2 gene using next-generation sequencing.

Conclusions

We identified a novel mutation leading to the lethal form of CPT2D with polycystic kidney, cardiac malformation and cranial MRI findings. Our findings expand the spectrum of causative mutations and clinical findings in CPT2D.
Erard Harps in the Collection of the Czech Museum of Music
Authors: Kotašová Daniela
Published: June 2019

The present harp collection of the National Museum – Czech Museum of Music contains Erard pedal harps from various periods of that famed Parisian company’s activity. In creating musical instruments, Sébastian Erard built upon the work of G. Cousineau and C. Groll and became the most successful manufacturer of double-action pedal harps with a fourchette (fork) mechanism (mécanique à fourchettes et à double mouvement). Erard’s work as an instrument maker influenced not only the historical development of the harp, but also the work of other instrument makers. In Bohemia, the Czech harp maker Alois Červenka (1858–1938) built upon Erard’s work with great success. The Erard harps in the collection of the Czech Museum of Music document the Czech socio-cultural context in which the harps of the French instrument maker were used from the late nineteenth century until the middle of the twentieth.
Aqueous biphasic systems formed in (zwitterionic salt+inorganic salt) mixtures
Authors: Mills Jordan , Level Gaelle , Mangwandi Chirangano , Blesic Marijana
Published: June 2019

The manuscript reports on a new class of aqueous biphasic systems (ABSs) formed in mixtures of inorganic salts (ISs) and zwitterionic salts (ZWSs). Aqueous ternary phase diagrams characterized by a binodal curve were determined for systems consisting of four ISs, K3PO4, K2HPO4, K2HPO4/KH2PO4, and K2CO3, and three structurally similar ZWSs differing in hydrophobicity. Comparison of phase behaviour of ABSs composed of ZWSs, ionic liquids (ILs) and zwitterions was provided. Potential of ZWSs based systems for extraction of aromatic molecules and amino acids, such as glycine, L-tryptophan, DL-phenylalanine, eugenol, and phenol was examined. Feasibility and limitations of isolation of products after partition and recovery of ZWS were discussed.
Razonamiento y Vigilancia Epistémica: Una Explicación Relevantista de los Evidencialespor lo vistoyse ve que
Authors: Figueras Bates Carolina
Published: June 2019

En el presente estudio se aborda la descripción de la semántica de los marcadores evidencialespor lo vistoyse ve queen el marco de la teoría de la relevancia (TR). Tomando como punto de partida el análisis que Albelda, M. (2018). ¿Atenuación del compromiso del hablante?: El caso de los evidencialespor lo vistoyse ve que. Rilce, 34.3, 1179–1214. traza de ambos evidenciales en un corpus oral, se realizó un estudio tanto cuantitativo como cualitativo de los patrones y el rango de interpretaciones de cada expresión en una muestra de géneros escritos formales procedentes delCorpus de Referencia del Español Actual(CREA). Los resultados cuantitativos mostraron algunas diferencias con respecto a los obtenidos por Albelda, M. (2018). ¿Atenuación del compromiso del hablante?: El caso de los evidencialespor lo vistoyse ve que. Rilce, 34.3, 1179–1214:por lo vistoes principalmente inferencial y, en menor medida, reportativo en la escritura formal. En contraste con los géneros orales, tiende a introducir inferencias genéricas, y en ocasiones también precede conjeturas. Se alinea con el parámetro de la objetividad, permitiendo al emisor mostrar una menor implicación hacia la evidencia, así como un mayor compromiso epistémico hacia la fiabilidad de la información.Se ve que, por el contrario, es generalmente un marcador inferencial, tanto en géneros escritos como orales. Se emplea, principalmente, para encabezar inferencias conjeturales. Conse ve que, el emisor muestra una mayor implicación y subjetivización, y un menor compromiso epistémico hacia la evidencia que se introduce en el discurso. Los diferentes patrones de comportamiento discursivo exhibidos por ambos evidenciales pueden explicarse en el marco de la teoría argumentativa del razonamiento (Mercier, H. y Sperber, D. (2011). Why do humans reason? Arguments for an Argumentative Theory.Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 34.2, 57–74; Mercier H. y Sperber, D. (2017).The Enigma of Reason. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.).Por lo vistoyse ve quetienden a introducir, respectivamente, conclusiones intuitivas y reflexivas que deben ser verificadas y aceptadas por la audiencia.Se ve queapunta, generalmente, a la activación de los mecanismos cognitivos de vigilancia epistémica y lectura de la mente, mientras quepor lo vistotiende a desencadenar los procesos de vigilancia epistémica y de razonamiento.
Organisationsfreiheit und Gruppeninteresse im Europäischen Konzernrecht
Authors: Schön Wolfgang
Published: June 2019

Rechtspolitische Vorschläge und wissenschaftliche Diskussion zum Europäischen Konzernrecht konzentrieren sich zunehmend auf den Begriff des „Gruppeninteresses“ als Ausgangspunkt bedeutsamer Abweichungen vom allgemeinen Kapitalgesellschaftsrecht im Recht verbundener Unternehmen. In diesen Überlegungen wird das „Gruppeninteresses“ vielfach als gemeinsames Interesse aller beteiligten Einzelgesellschaften verstanden und im Sinne von wechselseitigen Rücksichtnahme- und Ausgleichspflichten konkretisiert. Ausgehend von der primärrechtlich geschützten grenzüberschreitenden Organisationsfreiheit von Unternehmen wird nachfolgend ein abweichendes Grundverständnis präsentiert: „Gruppeninteresse“ ist das Interesse der Aktionäre der Obergesellschaft an der Hebung von Synergien durch organisatorische Maßnahmen im Konzern. Das so verstandene „Gruppeninteresse“ legitimiert daher weitgehende organisatorische Herrschaftsrechte der Obergesellschaft, steht aber unkompensierten Vermögensverschiebungen zwischen Konzerngesellschaften deutlich entgegen.
Regulierung von Related Party Transactions im Kontext des deutschen Konzernrechts
Authors: Grigoleit Hans Christoph
Published: June 2019

Die anstehende Reform des Aktienrechts (ARUG II), die im Wesentlichen Änderungen der Aktionärsrechte-Richtlinie umsetzt, sieht u.a. besondere Schutzvorkehrungen für Transaktionen zwischen börsennotierten Aktiengesellschaften und (diesen) „nahestehenden Personen“ vor. Kontrollinstrumente sind ein besonderer Zustimmungsvorbehalt zugunsten des Aufsichtsrats sowie eine Veröffentlichungspflicht. Der Beitrag analysiert die neue Regulierung und geht der Frage nach, wie sich diese in das bestehende System des Schutzes des Gesellschaftsvermögens, namentlich in den Kontext des Konzernrechts, einfügt. Insgesamt ergibt sich, dass die Reformvorschriften markant von den vorhandenen Schutzvorkehrungen abweichen, sich nicht kohärent in das geltende Recht einfügen und komplexe Rechtsfragen aufwerfen. Jedoch fällt der „zusätzliche“ Schutzeffekt der neuen Regulierung bei näherer Betrachtung nicht wesentlich ins Gewicht. Immerhin wird auch der resultierende Bürokratieaufwand durch den stark limitierten Anwendungsbereich in Grenzen gehalten. Im Übrigen bestätigt und bekräftigt die Reform implizit, dass der Nachteilsausgleich im faktischen Konzern (§ 311 AktG) eine verbindliche ex ante-Abstimmung zwischen herrschendem Unternehmen und abhängiger Gesellschaft voraussetzt.
Annealing of metamict gadolinite-(Y): X-ray diffraction, Raman, IR, and Mössbauer spectroscopy
Authors: Paulmann Carsten , Zietlow Peter , McCammon Catherine , Salje Ekhard K.H. , Bismayer Ulrich
Published: June 2019

Radiation induced disorder in gadolinite that led to metamictization with an upper degree of amorphization of 18% was thermally annealed between room temperature and 1273 K. The degree of annealing was calibrated using the anti-symmetric Si–O–Si Raman-active stretching mode near 902 cm−1. Annealing increased with increasing temperature with a rapid critical recrystallization at ca. 943 K. This annealing on a short length scale was then complemented by investigations of long-range ordering seen by X-ray diffraction. The same critical temperature was found, and in addition further increase of long-range order extended to 1073 K. Metamict gadolinite contains only Fe2+ within experimental uncertainty.
Le rôle de l’ancien français dans le développement du passif indirect en anglais
Authors: Stein Achim
Published: June 2019

This contribution analyses the role French may have played as a model language in the development of the indirect passive (or recipient passive) in Middle English. It is based on diachronic corpus data showing that the construction appeared in Middle English predominantly with verbs borrowed from French and spread to native verbs only later. The fact that French did not have a recipient passive construction speaks against contact influence, whereas the data as well as the situation of close language contact between Old French and Middle English speak in favour of contact-induced change. The hypothesis of internal change will be contrasted with several explanations in a language contact scenario. The first one is syntactic and regards the type of dative case : English integrated the French structural dative into its native grammar, which so far only had an inherent dative. Passives with structural datives were prior to native constructions and may have triggered them. The transfer may have been facilitated by the reanalysis of certain bridge constructions (proclitics and clausal complements). The more conceptual second part discusses current psycholinguistic research in order to identify methods which help overcome the methodological deadlock that historical linguists are facing when they want to assess the validity of competing explanations.
Reflexe des christlich-osmanischen Antagonismus in einer nordfranzösischen Chronik des 17. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Schweickard Wolfgang
Published: June 2019

Pierre-Ignace Chavatte did not write his chronicle of the city of Lille (Chronique memorial, 1657–1693) exclusively in his own words and based on his personal experience. Instead, he incorporated rather frequently second-hand information (taken especially from historical pamphlets) on events that took place in other regions of Europe. This also applies to aspects of the Christian-Ottoman antagonism in the 17th century. As a consequence the Chronique contains a number of lexical elements of Turkish origin, which are of particular interest from the point of view of historical language contact. As a rule the historical sources used by Chavatte cannot be identified with precision. However, precise identification is possible in the case of the Relation exacte des vaines Prieres & Jûnes, ordonnés par le Grand Seigneur, dans tout l’Empire ottoman, which extends over two folio pages in the original manuscript. This passage is based on a printed French original dating from 1686, which was translated from Italian. The Italian version in turn insinuates that the whole text is ultimately based on a Turkish original. Significant historical inconsistencies, however, clearly prove that the Relation was, in actual fact, part of the Christian anti-Muslim propaganda.
Aspectos tipográficos del anglicismo
Authors: Rodríguez González Félix
Published: June 2019

The aim of this article is twofold: on the one hand, to point out the various typographical devices used in writing to highlight Anglicisms due to their specific form or meaning. On the other, to examine the different factors contributing to the choice of a particular model which are of two kinds: linguistic, based on the nature of the borrowing and its degree of integration in the language; and stylistic and sociolinguistic, in relation to the attitude of the journalist or writer, which can vary depending on his/her experience, the type of text, its textual function and the semantic field of the Anglicism in question. There are times when variation is found within one single writer, and even within the same text.
Ajo y agua y otros acortamientos de frases en el español actual
Authors: Lillo Antonio
Published: June 2019

This article deals with a relatively unusual word-formation process in modern Spanish whereby a new lexeme is created by shortening a phrase, clause or sentence, rather than simply clipping a single word-form. Although this process has been mentioned in passing by several authorities as merely another way of shortening words, the fact that it affects units larger than a single word has been overlooked thus far, hence this detailed consideration. Creating a new lexical item from a larger linguistic unit implies solidifying at least two of its elements into a single form, the final part of which may itself be a clipped word. The process becomes even more complex or playful when homonymy or paronymy is thrown into the mix. Drawing upon a wealth of examples from a range of sources, this study examines the motives for their use, their structure and the relationship between morphology and stress-placement patterns. The last section presents a collection of shortenings of this type which have been documented from various parts of the Spanish-speaking world.
Hot Workability and Microstructure Control through the Analysis of Stress–Strain Curves during Hot Deformation of M350 Grade Maraging Steel
Authors: Syed Ansari S. , Chakravarthi K. V. A. , Narayana Murty S. V. S. , Nageswara Rao B. , Mukhopadhyay J.
Published: June 2019

The ultrahigh strength (2,400 MPa) 18Ni maraging steel (M350 grade) is widely used for critical structural applications, such as aircraft landing gears, in which the strength–toughness balance is the essential criterion for material selection. Microstructure control during thermomechanical processing is the key to obtain the desired mechanical properties on a repeatable basis in a manufacturing environment. This involves thorough understanding of the hot deformation behavior under a wide range of temperatures and strain rates to map the microstructural evolution as a function of process parameters to obtain defect-free products. Towards achieving this goal of optimization of hot workability with a view to control microstructure for M350 grade maraging steel, hot deformation processing maps have been developed and correlated to the microstructure evolved. Further, analysis of stress–strain curves was carried out to obtain fine prior austenite grain (PAG) size via discontinuous dynamic recrystallization, and the same was verified experimentally by the microstructures evolved through hot isothermal compression tests on cylindrical specimens subjected to different strain levels. A single peak DRX type σ − ε curve was selected for analyses. The theoretically determined critical strain value was verified experimentally for initiation of DRX (DRXI) and transition from DRX dominant region to grain growth dominant region (DRXT). Hot isothermal compression tests have been conducted at T = 950°C and ε˙=0.01 s−1 and obtained PAG size of 3.14 µm in the specimen deformed to theoretically determined optimum strain of 0.74, thereby validating the used models.
Mental Illness Among Youth With Chronic Physical Conditions
Authors: Adams John S. , Chien Alyna T. , Wisk Lauren E.
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Youth with chronic physical conditions (CPCs) may be at greater risk for developing chronic mental health conditions (MHCs), and limitations in the ability to engage in developmentally appropriate activities may contribute to the risk of MHCs among youth with CPCs. We compared the risk of incident MHCs in youth with and without CPCs and explored whether activity limitations contribute to any such association.

METHODS:

The 2003–2014 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey provided a nationally representative cohort of 48 572 US youth aged 6 to 25 years. We calculated the 2-year cumulative incidence of MHCs overall and by baseline CPC status. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the association between CPCs and incident MHCs, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Stepwise models and the Sobel test evaluated activity limitations as a mediator of this relationship.

RESULTS:

The 2-year cumulative incidence of MHCs was 7.8% overall, 11.5% in youth with CPCs (14.7% of sample), and 7.1% in those without. The adjusted risk of incident MHCs was 51% greater (adjusted hazard ratio 1.51; 95% confidence interval 1.30–1.74) in youth with CPCs compared with those without. Activity limitations mediated 13.5% of this relationship (P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

This nationally representative cohort study supports the hypotheses that youth with CPCs have increased risk for MHCs and that activity limitations may play a role in MHC development. Youth with CPCs may benefit from services to bolster their ability to participate in developmentally important activities and to detect and treat new onset MHCs.
Time-variable expression levels of mazF, atlE, sdrH, and bap genes during biofilm formation in Staphylococcus epidermidis
Authors: Shivaee Ali , Mohammadzadeh Rokhsareh , Shahbazi Shahla , Pardakhtchi Elahe , Ohadi Elnaz , Kalani Behrooz Sadeghi
Published: June 2019

Staphylococcus epidermidis is an opportunistic pathogen causing infections related to the usage of implants and medical devices. Pathogenicity of this microorganism is mainly linked to its capability to form biofilm structures. Biofilm formation vastly depends on several factors including different proteins. We studied the expression levels of three proteins including SdrH, Bap, AtlE, and MazF at different time intervals during the course of biofilm formation. In this study, a catheter-derived S. epidermidis isolate with strong ability of biofilm formation was selected. PCR assay was used to detect sdrH, bap, atlE, and mazF genes in this isolate. Real-time PCR was used to determine the expression levels of these genes after 4, 8, and 20 h during the course of biofilm formation. The studied genes showed different expression levels at different time intervals during biofilm formation by real-time PCR method. Expression levels of atlE and sdrH genes were the highest at 4 h, whereas bap gene showed the highest expression level at 8 h during the course of biofilm formation. In addition, the expression level of mazF gene peaked at 4 h and then progressively decreased at 8 and 20 h. Our results suggest the importance of AtlE, SdrH, and MazF proteins in the establishment and development of the biofilm structure. In addition, our results showed the important role of protein Bap in the accumulation of biofilm structure. Future studies are required to understand the exact role of MazF in the process of biofilm formation.
Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of Acorus calamus L. Extracts
Authors: Muchtaromah Bayyinatul , Hayati Alfiah , Agustina Erna
Published: June 2019

Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are among the most common species of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, which cause vaginitis, in infertile women. The Calamus rhizome (Acorus calamus L.) is an Indonesian plant that has antibacterial properties that can be used to treat vaginitis and increase fertility. The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical and antibacterial activity of the calamus rhizoma in polar, semi-polar and non-polar solvents in the growth of S. aureus and E. coli. The antibacterial activity test was in the form of inhibitory test using the Kirby-Bauer, Minimum Inhibi-tion Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) by microdilution method with multilevel dilution (concentra-tions 50; 25; 12.5; 6.25; 3.13; 1.56; 0.78; and 0.39%). The screening results showed that ethanol and n-hexane extract contained alkaloids and triterpenoids, while chloroform extract was only triterpenoid. Chloroform extract produced the largest inhibition zone diameter of S. aureus and E. coli (7.26 and 3.28 mm), followed by ethanol extract (5.90 and 3.07 mm) and n-hexane extract (5.33 and 2.95 mm). The concentrations of 0.39 and 0.78% were the values of MIC and MBC for all three extracts, indicating that the extract of the calamus rhizome with several solvents in this study had the same antibacterial activity.
Prevalence and Intensity of Ectoparasites on Clarias gariepinus From Aquaculture Pond in Aceh Besar District, Indonesia
Authors: Fautama Fitria Nelda , Zulfahmi Ilham , Muliari Muliari , Anas Adian Aristia
Published: June 2019

Information related to the prevalence and intensity of para-sites in an aquatic environment is crucial as preventive and responsive efforts to manage aquatic resources, especially for fish farming pur-poses. Up to now, information related to the prevalence and intensity of ectoparasites on catfish from aquaculture ponds in Aceh Besar Dis-trict is rare. This study aims to investigate the prevalence, intensity, and dominance of ectoparasites on catfish from aquaculture ponds in Aceh Besar district. The total of 200 catfish from four research stations at Sibreh, Kareung, Lambaro, and Limpok was observed in this study. The ectoparasites observation was focused on the skin, fins, and gill of the catfish. The observation parameter consists of prevalence, in-tensity, domination, length-weight relationship, and condition factor. Identification result showed that there were four types of ectoparasites infect the catfish in the aquaculture ponds in Aceh Besar District i.e Trichodina sp., Gyrodactylus sp., Dactylogyrus sp. and Ichthyopthyri-us multifiliis. Station 3 (Lambaro) had the highest prevalence and in-tensity, which were 64% and 5.87 ectoparasites/fish, respectively. In-fected catfish tended to have a lower weight growth than healthy catfish.
Activity of an A-L-Rhamnosidase Produced by Aspergillus niger During Solid State Fermentation of Coffee Pulp Wastes
Authors: Muzakhar Kahar , Winarsa Rudju
Published: June 2019

An α-L-Rhamnosidase released by Aspergillus niger during solid-state fermentation (SSF) using coffee pulp (CP) wastes media has been investigated. The activity of α-L-Rhamnosidase based on reducing sugar production against 2% CP alkali extract substrate in 50 mM acetate buffer pH 5. The maximum activity of α-L-Rham-nosidase was obtained in sixth-day SSF with reducing sugar pro-duction of 13 μg/mL. The enzyme is actively hydrolyzed 0.1% p-ni-trophenyl-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (PNP-Rha) to 95% from initial concentration. Purification using DEAE-Toyopearl 650M increased hydrolysis activity ten times against the substrate, reaching 134 μg/mL of reducing sugar. Optimum enzyme activity at pH 4.5 and 50°C, while stable at pH and temperature in a pH range of 3.5-7 and below 50°C.
İsa’nın Doğumu-İkonografi İlişkisi Üzerine
Authors: KÜÇÜK Mehmet Alparslan
Published: June 2019

Hıristiyan hayatının ana unsurunu “İsa” oluşturmaktadır. Bundan dolayı Hıristiyanlık; İsa ekseninde oluşmuş bir din şeklinde algılanmaktadır. Bu algı, İsa’nın doğumundan dirilişine kadar hem Hıristiyan inancında, Kutsal Kitabında ve ibadetlerinde hem de İkonografide kendisini açıkça göstermektedir. Çünkü Hıristiyanlara göre İsa’nın doğumu, insanoğlunun kurtuluşunun başlangıç noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Bu doğum, Hıristiyanlıkta bir süreç dahilinde, “Noel” adıyla bayram olarak kutlanmakta ve İkonografide de sahnelenmektedir. Böylece İsa’nın doğum sahnesi, İkonografide en önemli ikonalar hatta on iki yortu (dodekaorton) ikonaları arasında yerini almaktadır. Hıristiyanlıkta büyük bir önem taşıyan İsa’nın doğumunun, ikonografide yorumlanmasını ortaya koyan bu makalede; ikona ile ilgili kavramların analizi yapılmaktadır. Bu analizler ve bilgiler bağlamında Hıristiyan hayatında önemli yer tutan ve “İsa’nın Doğumu” anısına bir bayram niteliğinde kutlanan “Noel”e ve onun ikonografik açıdan değerlendirilmesine yer verilmektedir.
Some Ideas on the References of Legendary Typology of The Holy Fāṭima
Authors: GÜNDÜZÖZ Güldane
Published: June 2019

Historically
Fāṭima the daughter of Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh, the Prophet of Islam, by his
first wife, Khadīja b. Khuwaylid has an ontological and eschatological meaning
in Shīʿī thought. It is important to reveal the nature of this situation and to
analyze the analogy with the Sacred Mary. Figure of Fāṭima is very different in
the Shīʿī thought system. There is a system of
thinking that transcends historical data. An image of the Sacred Fāṭima, which
has an active role in both existential and eternal dimension is envisaged in
this thought. This conception played a role in the institutionalization of
the Imāmī Shīʿī theory within the Shīʿī tradition. Fāṭima’s charisma was
organized in a similar way to the Saint Mary’s. This charisma has aspects of
the hereafter such as intercession and mediation. This charisma also has
worldly indicators of healing. Sacred Fāṭima and Mary is evaluated in a similar
“ordeal” event. This analogy shows itself in various nomenclature, virginity,
fertility, chastity, intercession, healing and fertility, becoming a celestial
being, coming to the world as a divine being subjects. Finally on one hand Fāṭima
figure is shaped as a spiritual source in a ahistorik structure, on the other
hand, as in the notion of Virgin Mary, it took an iconographic form in the
Shīʿī thought. Thus Fāṭima is conceived as an intercessor of wisdom, close to
the mediatrix concept in Christianity in the Shīʿī thought system. Sacred Fāṭima
was accepted as a source of healing and fertility. Especially this figure is
impressed by Sacred Mary as much as she is influenced by “The Umayiyesi-Umay
Ana Figure” in the Altaic area. As a result of this icon appeared in the form
of “Hamsa: Hand of Fāṭima” in Shīʿī public. This paper examines how the
important and respected Fāṭima is judged to be a reference point for certain
beliefs and acceptances in perspective of historical and religious. Similarly
this paper examines how Fāṭima has been transformed into a cult entity in Shīʿī
thought. As a result of this transformation, Fāṭima’s image is used as a
reference in the Shīʿī literature in formation of upper concepts such as Imāmī
Shīʿism, custody and intercession. This article examines the conversion of
historical and religiously important and respected Sacred Fāṭima into a cult
entity.