bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treprostinil treatment decreases circulating platelet microvesicles and their procoagulant activity in pediatric pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Bacha Nour C. , Levy Marilyne , Guerin Coralie L. , Le Bonniec Bernard , Harroche Annie , Szezepanski Isabelle , Renard Jean M. , Gaussem Pascale , Israel‐Biet Dominique , Boulanger Chantal M. , Smadja David M.
Published: November 2018

Background

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) results from pulmonary vascular disease and may eventually lead to right heart failure and death. Vasodilator therapy has greatly improved PAH prognosis. Circulating microvesicles are considered as surrogate markers of endothelial and hematopoietic cell activation.

Aim

Thus, our purpose was to determine if MVs are upregulated in pediatric PAH such as reported in adult patients, and to analyze the impact of vasodilator therapies on MV count and function.

Patients

Population study consisted of 26 patients of median age 6.09 years, with Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (CHD‐PAH) or idiopathic PAH (iPAH).

Results

Compared to healthy controls, all circulating MV subpopulations were found higher in untreated PAH patients. No significant differences of annexin‐V+ total MV, endothelial, or leukocyte derived‐MV counts were found between untreated patients and those receiving oral vasodilator therapies. Conversely, platelet MVs were significantly lower in the group treated with SC‐treprostinil compared with both untreated PAH and oral therapy groups (P = 0.01), and exhibited a significant decrease of phospholipid procoagulant activity. Control samples treated in vitro with treprostinil at therapeutic concentrations showed as expected a significant decrease of platelet aggregation but also a reduced spontaneous MV generation.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that treprostinil, besides vasodilation, might exert its beneficial effect through an inhibition of platelet activation, resulting in a decreased number and procoagulant activity of circulating MVs.
A novel, noninvasive assay shows that distal airway oxygen tension is low in cystic fibrosis, but not in primary ciliary dyskinesia
Authors: Mendelsohn Lori , Wijers Christiaan , Gupta Ritika , Marozkina Nadzeya , Li Chun , Gaston Benjamin
Published: November 2018

Objectives

Oxygen tension affects the biology of aerobic and denitrifying organisms. Using a novel, fast‐response sensor, we developed a noninvasive procedure to measure pO2 in distal human airways. We hypothesized that distal pO2 would be low in cystic fibrosis (CF) airways.

Materials and Methods

We measured the fraction of expired oxygen (FEO2) in real time using a fast laser diode analyzer in healthy subjects and in patients with CF, asthma, and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). Subjects slowly exhaled to residual volume (RV), where the nadir of FEO2 (NFO) was recorded. Values were compared to peripheral oxygen saturation (SaO2), expired CO2 at RV, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and FEF25‐75. We also measured the effect of supplemental oxygen on FEO2.

Results

Seventy‐four subjects completed the study. Seven additional subjects could not perform the maneuver. Mean (±SD) NFO values for controls (n = 29), CF patients (n = 23), asthma patients (n = 15), and PCD patients (n = 7) were 13.4 ± 1.1%, 12.4 ± 1.2%, 13.3 ± 1.1%, 14.4 ± 0.6%, respectively. NFO in CF was lower than in controls (P = 0.0162), and NFO in PCD was higher than in CF (P = 0.0007). Asthma results were heterogeneous. Oxygen caused a dose‐dependent increase in NFO (P < 0.0005; n = 3; r2 = 0.91). NFO values were positively associated with FEV1 (P = 0.0009), FEV1/FVC (P = 0.0019) and FEF25‐75 (P = 0.0155), but there was no association with SaO2.

Conclusions

Distal airway pO2 is lower in CF than in controls. This may reflect absorption of oxygen in partially plugged acinar units, and/or increased epithelial oxygen consumption. Distal airway pO2 can be precisely titrated to treat infections.
Diffuse pulmonary lymphangiomatosis treated with bevacizumab
Authors: Onyeforo Ernest , Barnett Adrian , Zagami Debbie , Deller David , Feather Iain
Published: November 2018

Diffuse pulmonary lymphangiomatosis (DPL) is a rare disease caused by uncontrolled lymphatic vessel proliferation resulting in respiratory dysfunction. Lymphatic vessel growth is influenced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). It has been shown that bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody to VEGF type A, may be helpful in treating diseases characterized by excessive vessel proliferation. We report the case of a 51‐year‐old man with DPL treated with 1 mg/kg bevacizumab every three weeks for 6 months. A significant improvement in lung infiltrates was seen on post‐treatment computed tomography (CT) chest with a 17.5% improvement in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). The patient reported improved respiratory symptoms, and no significant adverse drug side effects were reported. The authors believe this is the first case of DPL to report lung function improvement [FEV1, forced vital capacity (FVC), and Diffusion Capacity for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO)] following bevacizumab therapy.
Adaptive finite‐time control for bilateral teleoperation systems with jittering time delays
Authors: Wang Ziwei , Chen Zhang , Zhang Yiman , Yu Xingyao , Wang Xiang , Liang Bin
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we present a robust adaptive control algorithm for a class of bilateral teleoperation systems with system uncertainties and jittering time delays. The remarkable feature of jittering delays is that time delays change sharply and randomly. Conventional controllers would fail because jittering time delays introduce serious chattering. To address the jittering issue, a novel jittering‐free scheme is developed by relaxing and extending the frequently used constant upper bound. Moreover, an adaptive law was incorporated with the Chebyshev neural network to deal with the system uncertainties. To obtain finite‐time synchronization performance, a fast terminal sliding mode controller is proposed through the technique of “adding a power integrator.” With the proposed control scheme, the robust finite‐time convergence performance is guaranteed. The settling time can be further calculated with the controller parameters. The simulation and experiment results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Basic formal education quality, information technology, and inclusive human development in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Asongu Simplice A. , Odhiambo Nicholas M.
Published: November 2018

This study assesses the role played by basic formal education on the impact of information technology on inclusive human development in sub‐Saharan African countries during the period 2000–2012. The study aims to answer one critical question: What is the relevance of basic formal education in the effect of mobile phone penetration on inclusive human development in sub‐Saharan Africa when initial levels of inclusive human development are taken into account? The empirical evidence is based on instrumental quantile regressions. The findings of this study show that poor primary education dampens the positive effect of mobile phone penetration on inclusive human development. This finding should be understood from the perspective that the education quality indicator represents a policy syndrome because of the way it is computed, notably, the ratio of pupils to teachers. Hence, an increasing ratio indicates decreasing quality of education. It follows that decreasing quality of education dampens the positive effect of mobile phone on inclusive development. This tendency is consistent throughout the conditional distribution of inclusive sustainable human development. Policy implications are discussed.
1.1: Invited Paper: TFT Backplane for Display
Authors: Shieh Han-Ping D.
Published: November 2018

Thin Film Transistors (TFT) are being widely used as backplane to drive display components, such as LCD, OLED, and even u‐LCD. A‐Si, poly Si, oxide, and organic are common materials for TFT. Mobility, scale‐up and long term stability are among the key concern for TFT. Vertical channel thin film transistors (VTFTs) are proposed as an effective approach to reduce driving voltage and power consumption for achieving high speed and high resolution displays. Considering that oxide semiconductors have large‐area compatible processes, it will be better to find a method for achieving low driving voltages with conventional optical lithography machines used for large area display panels. In this talk, we will review the state of art of the vertical TFTs and explore the major fabrication issues. In addition, we will examine amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a‐IGZO) vertical channel TFT fabricated at low temperature to evaluate the impact of gate dielectric on electric characteristics of the vertical vis‐à‐vis planar TFTs. VTFTs employing vertical amorphous a‐IGZO channel of 500 nm have been fabricated without additional photolithography process. The various issues related to the improved device performance will be addressed. Solution based organic TFT will also be examined to explore its feasibility for backplane to drive display and other components.
2.1: Highly Efficient Quantum‐dot Light Emitting Diodes with Metal‐oxide Transport Layer
Authors: Kim Hyo-Min , Kim Jeonggi , Jang Jin
Published: November 2018

Metal doped ZnO material is introduced in this study for highly efficient quantum‐dot light‐emitting diode. Compare to ZnO used as electron transporting layer (ETL), the metal doped ZnO ETL based inverted green quantum‐dot light emitting diodes (G‐QLEDs) exhibit the high efficiency with 49.2 cd/A and 49.8 lm/W for maximum current and power efficiencies, respectively, which is much higher than that of ZnO ETL based one.
2.2: Alcohol‐soluble quantum dots for photoluminescent and electroluminescent applications
Authors: Chang Shuai , Perveen Abida , Zhang Xin , Ge Yong , Bai Zelong , Zhong Haizheng
Published: November 2018

Traditional solution synthesized colloidal quantum dots (QDs) capped by long‐chain lipophilic ligands can be well dispersed in non‐polar organic solvents, however they are not suitable for the integration in thin film devices as well as polymer matrix for further applications. We have developed general and versatile ligand exchange routes to replace the long‐chain methylterminated oleylamine (OLA) on QDs' surface with short ‐chain hydroxyl‐terminated 6‐mercaptohexanol (MCH). Such ligand exchange strategy not only altered the solubility of the QDs from conventional non‐polar solvents to polar alcoholic solvents, which meet the requirement for green manufacturing, but also enhanced their solution processability, which is a crucial factor for the industrial application in display and lighting. High efficient electroluminescent device was realized using the alcohol‐soluble QDs, the improvement of device performance is ascribed to decreased energy barriers and increased charge injection rate between charge transport layer and the emitting layer by the substitution of short‐chain ligands. Furthermore, the alcohol‐soluble QDs can be well embedded into silica via a controlled sol‐gel process for on‐chip type LED and a luminous efficiency up to 80.25 lm/W was achieved.
3.2: Singlet‐Triplet Splitting Energy Management via Acceptor Substitution: Complanation Molecular Design for Deep‐Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Cai Xinyi , Gao Bin , Li Xiang-long , Su Shi-Jian
Published: November 2018

Hardly reached balance between weak intramolecular‐charge‐transfer (ICT) and small singlet‐triplet splitting energy (ΔEST) for reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) from non‐emissive triplet state to radiative singlet state impedes the realization of deep‐blue thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) materials. By discarding twisted‐ICT framework for flattened molecular backbone and introducing strong acceptor possessing n‐π* transition character, blue‐shifted color, large radiative rate (kF) and small ΔEST are achieved simultaneously. Six molecules with 9,9‐dimethyl‐10‐phenyl‐9,10‐dihydroacridine (i‐DMAc) donor were synthesized and investigated. Coinciding with time‐dependent density function theory (TD‐DFT), the reduced dihedral angles between donor (D) and acceptor (A) weaken ICT from dispersed charge density and capacitate large kF from increased FMOs overlap. Despite the separated highest occupied (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) population, the intercalation of phenyl‐bridges between D‐A increases kF but significantly lowers the locally triplet excited state, indicating small HOMO and LUMO overlap is not sufficient but necessary condition for reduced ΔEST. Integrating short conjugation length and carbonyl or 1,3,5‐triazine acceptors into the complanation molecules, deep‐blue TADF‐OLEDs demonstrated maximum external quantum efficiencies of 11.5% and 10.9% with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.16, 0.09) and (0.15, 0.11), respectively, which is quite close to the stringent National Television System Committee (NTSC) blue standard.
6.3: Glasses‐free Virtual Reality for Rehabilitation of Stroke Survivors
Authors: Zhang Hantao , Lin Luqi , Liu Yuan , Yu Jiatong , Wang Jiahui , Liang Haowen , Zhou Jianying , Chen Ling , Li Le , Mao Yurong , Huang Dongfeng
Published: November 2018

Different from conventional head‐mounted virtual reality, we achieve a high quality glasses‐free virtual reality (VR) platform by combining full HD directional backlight 3D display with gesture controller. The glasses‐free VR display enables full resolution, low crosstalk and wide viewing angle, which is able to provide precise depth information. Attributed to the excellent 3D effect without any assisting goggles, our glasses‐free VR can be used for rehabilitation of stroke patients. Compared with the traditional 2D training, it offers the third dimension for the patients to imagine and practice their upper‐limb joints, showing better performance for stroke rehabilitation.
7.2: Invited Paper: Quantification and Modulation of Stereopsis in Humans
Authors: Zhou Jiawei , Hess Robert F.
Published: November 2018

Binocular vision in general and stereopsis in particular are fundamental to human vision and visual actions. It is widely thought that about 5% of the population have a lazy eye and lack stereo vision, so it is often supposed that most of the population (95%) have good stereo abilities. We show that this is not the case; 68% have good to excellent stereo (the haves) and 32% have moderate to poor stereo (the have‐nots). Why so many people lack good 3‐D stereo vision is unclear but it is likely to be neural and reversible.

Interocular suppression and stereopsis are two important binocular functions. To date, it still remains unclear about the relationship between them. Here, we use the binocular phase combination paradigm and a comparable paradigm to provide a normative dataset for perceptual eye dominance and stereo acuity in 142 normal‐sighted human adults and analyze their correlation. We show that our eye dominance and stereopsis are not strongly correlated in the normalsighted subjects. These results thus support the idea that the binocular phase combination and stereopsis may be limited by different factors in normal‐sighted adults.

At present there is no good way of reliably measuring stereopsis in the clinic other than the standard book tests designed for children. These are convenient but coarsely quantized in disparity with no measure of variance. This makes it difficult to be able to assess the significance of differences from visit to visit contingent on therapy. We report an iPod app that has been developed from laboratory studies of normal stereopsis, to measure stereo in the clinic that is not limited by these factors. The application enables measurements over the wide disparity range and not just at the finest disparities. In addition, it allows changes in stereopsis of the order of 1.9 to be statistically distinguished.

Luminance plays a modulating role in the processes of several visual tasks, which in turn provides significant information for the understanding of visual processing. To study the relationship between luminance and stereopsis, we manipulated the mean luminance seen by both eyes or the interocular difference in mean luminance by using ND filters placed in front of both eyes or just one eye respectively. We found that disparity processing was little affected by a binocular change in luminance, but was greatly affected by a luminance mismatch between the two eyes. To investigate its origin we manipulated two factors, the temporal synchrony between the two eyes and the interocular contrast. Both factors are implicated in the loss of stereo performance when the mean luminance is different between the eyes, suggesting an underlying explanation in terms of temporal low‐pass filtering resulting in the combination of a luminance‐dependent temporal delay and a luminance‐dependent change in contrast gain.

These results add to our knowledge of stereopsis and have therapeutic potential in re‐establishing stereopsis in patients with binocular disorders.
7.4: Visual Fatigue during Viewing High‐Dynamic Range Display
Authors: Ying Wang , Yan Tu , Lili Wang , Xin Gao
Published: November 2018

The visual fatigue caused by one hour’s viewing of High‐Dynamic Range (HDR) and Standard‐Dynamic Range (SDR) display has been investigated through subjective reports, ophthalmological parameters and physiological signals. The results show that visual fatigue becomes more serious with increasing time under the two modes. Compared to SDR display, one hour of viewing HDR display produces significantly greater tired eyes symptom and low frequency power (LF) of heart rate variability.
9.1: Invited Paper: Materials, Process and Production Equipment Considerations to Achieve High‐Yield MicroLED Mass‐Production
Authors: Henley Francois J.
Published: November 2018

Advances in layer‐transfer methods are making large‐area growth templates a reality for GaN and GaAs compound semiconductors. QMAT will introduce its layer‐transfer technology tuned for microLED applications integrating functional layers that simplify printability and testability. MicroLED yield and test challenges will also be discussed.
11.1: Invited Paper: Electrofluidic displays: Fast switching, Colorful, low power
Authors: Henzen Alex
Published: November 2018

Electrofluidic and electrowetting displays have been demonstrated since 2004 [1]. They have been subject to extensive investigation, and many of the problems associated with the electrowetting phenomenon were solved. However, new challenges are emerging, in need of a solution. Electrofluidic displays could (and should) play an important role in a growing collection of display technologies, and will add significantly to our interaction with our environment, but is important to understand exactly how to implement and apply this technology. Maybe even more important: How not to apply it.

This paper aims to provide an overview of historic achievements and elaborate on more recent progress, while making clear the exciting possibilities of the technology. It will provide a good insight in the current state of the art, and offer guidelines on the factors influencing contrast, brightness and speed.
12.2: A 3D Display Parallel System: Light Field Re‐rendering and Depth Sense Optimization
Authors: Pei Renjing , Ma Kui , Wang Feiyue
Published: November 2018

The main benefit of 3D display over 2D display is the obvious ability to create a more lifelike character with high depth sense. However, the limitation of human eye's visual mechanism, unartful 3D scene structure design, or bad viewing condition always emerges poor depth perception experience or even physiological discomfort during the watching time, which is often sub‐optimal for mass high‐quality 3D display productions. To solve this problem, we propose a novel 3D display parallel system for depth sense optimization and it empirically guides how the light field should be re‐rendered. Structurally, the parallel system consists of an artificial perception measurement system, a display evaluation model and a light field display rendering system, which includes the display calibration, scene capture, light field data processing and display. Particularly, the system can systematically analyze and model various factors affecting the depth sense which learned through the measurement system, like scene structure, objects’ speeds in 3D video and so on. And those sense factors can be personally modified or increased according to the viewer's demands or technical improvement. Moreover, the light field could be real‐time re‐rendered, based on some image processing technology, optical flow analysis and object segmentation (or tracking) (especially the one‐shot video segmentation). Theory and algorithms are developed and experimental validation results show a superior performance.
15.1: Invited Paper: Bonding Spacer Technologies for Future Foldable LCDs using Ultra‐Thin Polyimide Substrates
Authors: Ishinabe Takahiro , Honda Syuichi , Takahashi Shogo , Shibata Yosei , Fujikake Hideo
Published: November 2018

We have developed foldable LCD using ultra‐thin polyimide substrates and bonding polymer spacer and successfully achieved small curvature of radius less than 2mm. We discuss the bonding spacer can suppress the deformation of plastic substrate and achieve high image quality in bending state.
16.5: Atomized scan strategy for high definition OLED microdisplay
Authors: Ji Yuan , Huang Shuping , Zhang Chunyan , Chen Wendong , Ran Feng
Published: November 2018

OLED (Organic Light Emitting Display) microdisplay is useful in near‐to‐eye applications like head mounted virtual reality displays and glass‐like augmented reality displays. With its ultra‐high pixel density above 3000 PPI (pixel per inch), the OLED microdisplay has very high display resolution while its physical size is rather small, typically less than one inch. Traditional microdisplay are analog driven with the serial scan sequential from the first pixel to the last pixel. This paper proposes a novel atomized scan strategy based on the digital fractal scan strategy with the pseudo‐random scan order. A color OLED microdisplay with 1600(*3)*1600 display resolution is designed and fabricated. It is driven with the digital atomized scan strategy. The test results show that the gray level of the microdisplay reaches 256 with the 50MHz pixel clock. The contrast and the power of the microdisplay are improved compared with the traditional analog drive OLED microdisplay.
17.1: Invited Paper: Optical interaction enabled by sub‐wavelength metamaterials: fabrication process and system demos
Authors: Ye Zhicheng , Zheng Jun , Guo Lindong , Wang Haoyu
Published: November 2018

Human‐machine interaction is the inevitable medium for people to obtain information from display devices. The evaluation of interaction technologies consist one of the most important parts of the rapid development of display industry. Fifty years ago, mouse and keyboard had brought about great convenience for people to operate machines, while the transparent capacitive touching technology led by Apple's ‘Iphone’ 10 years ago, revolutionarily enable people to use fingers‐the native and ultimate locating ‘device’ to touch and operate the displays.

Until now, most of the ‘touching’ technologies only work on the plane dimensional of screens. While, in this talk, we will show a novel optical touching technology based on sub‐wavelength meta‐materials which cover the incident rays into wave guided light for position detection and interaction. By using roll‐to‐roll nano‐imprinting, larger scale fabrication of the sub‐wavelength optical films have been fulfilled and a prototype of optical touch screen has been made, paving the way to mass commercialization.
17.3: Black Photoresist Achieving Patterns with Extremely Low Reflection and Smooth Line Edge
Authors: Igawa Akihiko
Published: November 2018

This paper introduces a new type of black photoresist with a very low reflectance and very smooth pattern line edge that doesn't require adding micron‐size particles. Combinations of poor solvent, good solvent, and selected special substances as solutes in the black photoresist can achieve matte surface during drying process. Because particles are not used to achieve matte surface, the line edge will be very smooth. This photoresist is likely appropriate for applications where light reflection or light scattering should be avoided, such as black matrix and smartphone camera surroundings.
21.2: Invited Paper: The application of AMOLED in smart wearable technology
Authors: Fan Wenzhi , Cheng Ji , Zhu Xiujian , Du Yang , Huang Xiuqi
Published: November 2018

Two approaches of fabrication of a 1.2 inch round AMOLED panel were discussed in this paper, in which one is glass+thin film encapsulation(TFE) and the other is polyimide(PI)+TFE. The innovative glass+TFE approach has the distinctive feature of ultra‐thinness compared to traditional glass+glass panel structure, and reduces yield loss in the PI and laser lift off(LLO) process compared to PI+TFE panel. The flexible PI+TFE approach can realize the bending of bottom border. Thus it fulfills true circular requirements for wearable displays.
21.4: Invited Paper: Near‐to‐Eye Display Application Based on Digital Electro‐optics Platform (X‐on‐Silicon)
Authors: Tsai Chun-Wei
Published: November 2018

Digital Electro‐optics Platform is the main concept of Jasper Display Corp. (JDC) to develop various applications. These applications are based on our X‐on‐Silicon technologies, for example, X‐on‐Silicon technologies could be used on Liquid Crystal on Silicon (LCoS), Micro Light‐Emitting Diode on Silicon (pLEDoS), Organic Light‐Emitting Diode on Silicon (OLEDoS), and Cell on Silicon (CELLoS), etc. In this paper, we provide novel concepts and real cases for near‐to‐eye applications based on phase‐only LCoS‐SLM and μLEDoS, such as holographic near‐to‐eye displays and focal surface displays.
22.2: Invited Paper: Sputtered Molybdenum‐Oxide for Anti‐Reflection Layers in Displays:	Optical Properties and Thermal Stability
Authors: Schmidt Hennrik , Koestenbauer Harald , Koestenbauer Judith , Linke Christian , Franzke Enrico , Winkler Joerg
Published: November 2018

Molybdenum (Mo) is commonly used for thin film transistor (TFT) metallization in displays. Apart from its outstanding electronic and adhesive properties in the metallic form, it also possesses stable oxidation states, including sub‐stoichiometric oxides. Depending on the amount of oxygen, the properties can be widely tuned and oxygen‐deficient MoO3‐y films can be electrical conducting and optically absorbing, making them suitable candidates for integration as low‐reflection coatings for on/in cell touch, black matrix on array, narrow bezel, or TFT metallization. Deposition of these oxides by fully reactive sputtering from metal targets implies several problems such as lateral inhomogeneities on large substrates (>G5) and difficult control of oxygen flow. To avoid these obstacles, DC‐ sputtering from ceramic Molybdenum oxide targets without the addition of oxygen gas is proposed.

In our work, we show the non‐reactive DC‐sputtering of MoOx:TaOx in a stable and reliable process with deposition rates of up to 180 nm/min. Further on, the electrical, optical, and structural properties of the resulting films are studied. The reflectance of light from external sources and the resulting color impression of the dark layer coatings is investigated on different substrates. The color coordinates of the film can be tuned by the layer thickness, the type of covered metal layer (e.g. Cu, Al, Mo), as well as composition of the oxide. From a process stability point of view, we discuss changes during additional annealing steps, and show structural changes at elevated temperatures.
23.1: The Key Optical Properties and Measurement Analysis for Curved Displays
Authors: Li Xiaoni , Huang Yan , Chen Cong , Lv Jie
Published: November 2018

The performance requirements of curved displays which labeled as “fashion” and “high‐end” are obviously higher than ordinary displays, and accordingly, higher requirements are also put forward for performance measurement and evaluation. This paper deeply analyzes the key optical parameters and key points of measurement for curved displays based on the currently published standard specifications, and the limitations of the traditional measurement technology in the performance evaluation of curved displays has been pointed out. At the same time, combined with the development of current measurement technology, an integrated solution for the optical performance measurement of curved displays is proposed.
24.1: Invited Paper: Flexible Oxide TFTs for Bendable and flexible displays
Authors: Jang Jin , Lee Suhui
Published: November 2018

We review in this talk the highly stable, high performance E/S a‐IGZO TFT on plastic substrate by using split active and S/D electrodes. The TFTs exhibit high mobility of 74 cm2/Vs and extremely stable behavior under bias‐stress and mechanical stress. The TFT process is same as conventional one with only design change. Therefore, this technology can be used for the manufacturing of flexible and bendable AMOLED on plastic substrate
25.3: Current Driving Active Matrix Micro‐LED Display
Authors: ZHANG Ke , LIU Zhaojun , KWOK Hoi-Sing
Published: November 2018

Micro‐LED display is a quite new technology which has developed only about a decade and been attracting tremendous attention in recent years. It was regarded as a great candidate for many applications, especially a new generation display technology. Here we report a design of active matrix Micro‐LED display including Micro‐LED array fabrication, AM driving circuit and flip‐chip integration. 4T2C (4 transistors and 2 capacitors) driving circuits with a configuration of current control current source (CCCS) was used for better pixels uniformity and display quality.
26.1: Invited Paper: Printed Device Performance of Polymer‐OLED Materials
Authors: Yamada Takeshi
Published: November 2018

We will present the latest status of high performance OLED material development based on our conjugated‐polymer technology. The material is very suitable for printing OLED panel fabrication. We also show the comparison of the performance between ink‐jet (IJ) and spin devices, and its theoretical fundamentals to obtain high performance in IJ printing.
26.3: Invited Paper: Development of Advanced Materials for Printed OLED Displays
Authors: Ren Xiaofan , Zou Yunlong , Fennimore Adam , Hlaing Htay , Skulason Hjalti
Published: November 2018

Solution processing of OLED is desirable because it allows for large area OLED displays with low manufacturing cost. Historically the device performance achievable with solution processing lagged that of evaporation. DuPont has focused on developing OLED materials for soluble technologies, as well as working with our partners on our proprietary printing process. Our performance data shows that with our latest generation materials and process steps, ink‐jet printed device performance suitable for TV application can now be achieved.
27.1: Invited Paper: Study on the design and fabrication of intensity modulating liquid crystal spatial light modulator
Authors: Lishuang Yao , Zenghui Peng , Yonggang Liu , Qidong Wang , Xuanli
Published: November 2018

Liquid crystal devices are one type of high quality optical information regulating devices, in addition to its wide application in displays field. Such as liquid crystal (LC) spatial light modulator (SLM), it can adjust both phase and amplitude of polarized light. Combined with other devices, LC device can also adjust the polarization state and transmission spectrum of light. In this study, a kind of intensity modulating LC‐SLM which can modulate wavelength light in 1064nm is designed and fabricated. Firstly, electro‐optic characteristic of ECB, VA and TN mode in the reflective LC‐SLM was analyzed; and TN mode was chosen as final design and prepared. Secondly, dependence of twist angle and phase modulation on contrast ratio and transmission level of final device were analyzed by Jones matrix. Thirdly, the influence of dielectric anisotropy on device contrast was analyzed by Jones matrix. Furthermore, with appropriate technical condition, such as rubbing direction, twist angle control, cell gap control, liquid crystal injecting and electric wire bonding, the final SLM device was successfully fabricated with targeted design. Finally, target devices were tested and realization standard of each design parameter was analyzed in this work.
27.3:Invited Paper:Fast‐switching active diffusers for free‐space display applications
Authors: Joshi Vinay , Groom Merrill , Chien Liang -Chy
Published: November 2018

Free‐space volumetric displays is a three‐dimensional (3D) display technology without the needs of polarizer or shutter glasses for direct view or a screen for image projection. Here we present a volumetric display using a stack of active cholesteric diffusers. This display works by integrate each individual image and scans through a stacked active diffusers prepared by the reverse‐mode polymer‐stabilized cholesteric texture (R‐PSCT), which have high optical contrast and fast switching characteristics.
31.3: Low Optical Crosstalk Micro‐LED Micro‐Display with Semi‐Sphere Micro‐Lens for Light Collimation
Authors: Chong Wing Cheung , Ou Fang , Xu Qunchao , Chen Yijing , Lau Kei May , Li Qiming , Zhang Lei
Published: November 2018

A 400×240 monochromic micro‐LED micro‐display based on GaN vertical‐LED structure is presented. The micro‐display has the pixel pitch of 30 μm and the size of micro‐LEDs is only 8 μm. It is realized by bonding the GaN epi with the pre‐defined anode pad array to the specific pixel driver on the IC backplane, followed by laser lift‐off and ICP etch process to form isolated micro‐LED pixel array. The electrical connection of n‐type GaN on micro‐LEDs is done by a layer of metal‐grid which serves as a common cathode. Comparing with conventional lateral micro‐LED structure, the vertical‐LED architecture used in our micro‐LED micro‐display is more advantageous of achieving higher device performance such as better current injection, higher light extraction efficiency, low light crosstalk and is more capable of producing compact micro‐LED arrays. In addition, wafer‐level processed semi‐sphere micro‐lens array is also integrated into the micro‐display with each micro‐lens coupled to a single micro‐LED pixel. The micro‐lenses can effectively collimate divergent light emitted from micro‐LEDs leading to a significant improvement of projection brightness when used in a projection light engine. The self‐emissive micro‐LED micro‐display shows its great potentials for projectors and many other applications.
33.3: Invited Paper: Research on Bias Tilt Angle and Anchoring Property of Novel LPP Materials
Authors: Kang Chengbin , Chen Xinhua , Li Qing
Published: November 2018

Linear photo polymerization (LPP) technology is a latest photoalignment technology which has been applied into TFT‐LCDs manufacture.The non‐centrosymmetric bias property of the nematic director provides LCDs with high contrast. LPPH series are our newly developed LPP materials, we focus on the bias tilt angle ,polar and azimuthal anchoring energy analysis. Novel LPP materials show good optical performance with high reliability.The manufacture process of cells will also be discussed and the desired anchoring and bias tilt angle could be tailored to fit the industrial application.
35.4: UV LED ILLUMINATION STEPPER OFFERS HIGH PERFORMANCE AND LOW COST OF OWNERSHIP
Authors: Donaher Casey , Thompson Herbert J. , Sim Chin Tiong
Published: November 2018

Flat panel displays (FPD) are electronic viewing technologies used to let people see content in media and entertainment, consumer electronics, personal computer and mobile devices. Other applications and industries are medical, transportation and industrial equipment. FPD is often the preferred choice due to lower weight and less power consumption. Common types of FPD are liquid crystal display (LCD), plasma display panels (PDP) and organic light‐emitting diode (OLED).

The global market for FPD continues to grow due to the high demand in the automobile and smartphone industries. As a result of the high demand, the FPD manufacturing industry continues to remain highly competitive. In this cost sensitive arena, FPD manufacturers need to find new ways to reduce the cost of ownership of lithography equipment.

Most lithography systems in FPD manufacturing plants use high power mercury ARC lamps to generate i‐line (365nm) wavelength for the photoresist exposure process. This is a costly process as the mercury ARC lamps have a limited lifetime, typically less than one month, which results in downtime to swap lamps.. The cost of replacing the high power mercury ARC lamp, together with the high electricity consumption, and disposal of mercury waste, turns out to be a substantial operating cost.

This paper will demonstrate how the use of ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV LED), in replacing the high power mercury lamp, will reduce the overall operating cost which therefore lowers the cost of ownership of the stepper. The breakdown of cost structure will be discussed in detail and show that UV LED is a good replacement solution for the high power mercury ARC lamp.

The throughput improvement by using UV LED will also be discussed and compared to the conventional high power mercury arc lamp. The analysis will also show that the consistency of throughput, as compared to the degradation of mercury arc lamp intensity, as well as the time saved for replacement further reduces operating costs.

This paper also demonstrates the improved performance of dose accuracy and repeatability, as well as the capability to achieve extremely low exposure doses without compromising dose accuracy. The improvement in stepper reliability by removing the conventional shutter moving parts will also be discussed.

The performance data for illumination intensity, dose accuracy, uniformity, spectral line width, CD uniformity and cost reduction will be discussed in detail. The final analysis will show that moving to UV LED illumination offers lower cost and better performance.
39.4: Invited Paper: Self‐alignment of liquid crystal for multi‐domain liquid‐crystal display
Authors: Lan Song , Chen Xingwu , Wei Hongquan , Wu Ling , Tseng Te-Jen , Ma Xiaolong , Hsieh Chung-Ching , Chen Hsiao-Hsien , Lin His-chien , Lee Yung-Hui
Published: November 2018

By introducing photopolymerizable amphiphile organic monomers(PAOM) into nematic liquid crystals (NLC) with controlled amount of UV‐curable reactive mesogen (RM), a amulti‐domain vertical‐alignment LC device was successfully demonstrated. The device, possessing a vertically aligned LC director in four different azimuthal directions, exhibited a fast response time,wide‐viewing‐angle characteristics and high voltage holding ratio(VHR), in the absence of conventional polyimides vertical‐alignment layers. The formation of automatic and robust vertical alignment layer was anlayzed by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM).
40.2: Integrated Solution for Roll‐to‐Roll Fine Copper Circuit Touch Sensor Making
Authors: Hsu Ming-Ann , Lin Chia-Hui , Igawa Akihiko
Published: November 2018

Applying common photolithography process to flexible substrate with novel formulated lithographic chemicals, flexible touch sensor film can be manufactured by roll‐to‐roll process. Extremely fine copper pattern (<2um) could be obtained without using fine mask pattern and with no copper damaging. With proprietary low temperature curing flexible black matrix photoresist to make the fringe, all layers of metal mesh touch sensor can be integrated onto one film substrate to achieve true flexible touch for flexible displays. This integrated solution is enabled by four new formulated materials: one low temperature curing black matrix photoresist for fringe, one flexible positive‐tone photoresist and one copper etchant for fine circuit patterning, and one low temperature curing clear photoresist for passivation.
40.3: Invisibility Mechanism Research of Metal Bridge in Capacitive Touch Panel and Optimal Design Solution
Authors: Xie Xiaodong , Yang Hong , Shao Xibin , Guo Zongjie , Zhang Lei , He Min , Xu Shifeng , Wang Jing , Pang Bin
Published: November 2018

This paper shows deep analysis and research for the invisibility mechanism in large size capacitive touch panel. Invisibility of metal bridge is influenced by LCD module and touch panel together, main factors should be studied together. Experimental verification results show that: (1) when the PPI of LCD module is lower, the area of the LCD Dot occupied by the metal bridge is smaller, then the invisibility effect will be better. (2) The bigger pitch of touch panel pattern will result in the lower density of metal bridge. (3) The invisibility of touch panel also can be improved by the angle change of metal bridge especially when the bridge has intersection angle with LCD RGB dot from 15° to 45°. (4) The width of hammer in metal bridge plays a good role for invisibility, and the improvement effect will not be obvious in a certain width. (5) Whether the direction of the metal bridge and the RGB unit is vertical or parallel almost has no impact on the invisibility. These conclusions can provide references for the follow up product development.
42.2: Photolithographic Patterning of Short Channel Organic TFTs for Displays
Authors: Jeon Jaekwon , Li Xiuling , Choi Jonghyun , He Mingqian , Manley Robert , Chang Jaemyung , Zhelev Nikolay , Mehrotra Karan , Jang Jin
Published: November 2018

We report high‐performance organic TFTs with short channel length (L) of 6 µm. The OTFTs employ a bottom‐gate, bottom‐contact structure, with all layers patterned by conventional photolithographic methods. A field effect mobility of ∼0.45 cm2/V·s, and the on‐to‐off current ratio of ∼106 were obtained in the fabricated p‐channel OTFTs. The short channel OTFT with excellent performance is promising for flexible, high‐resolution displays.
45.3: Invited paper: Problem Solving about Image Sticking through Order Parameter
Authors: Li Zhengqiang , Xu Kai , Su Mark
Published: November 2018

Order Parameter (OP) controls almost every physical properties of liquid crystal including Tni, △n and △ε…. Moreover, we found that order parameter of LC material is strongly related to image sticking performance. In another words, the image sticking performance can be predicted and optimized by using the index of order parameter. Hereinafter, further on in this document about the fundamental mechanism in between order parameter and image sticking performance and also how to control order parameter will be introduced. It should be pointed out that order parameter only representing the capability of LC material itself against image sticking issue, and ignore the influence factors from material collocation such as LC/PI.
47.1: Invited Paper: 638nm Laser Diode for RGB laser Projection
Authors: Hu Martin Hai , Xu Xiangang , Xia Wei , Zhu Zhen , Qiu Bocang , Wang Weimin , Kuang Langxing , Liu Wenbin , Ho James
Published: November 2018

We report the design, fabrication and characterization of tensile‐strained GaInP quantum‐well single‐emitter 638‐nm lasers for RGB laser projection. P‐side‐down submounted multimode lasers with 105μm stripe width produce 2.14 W and 1.73 W at environmental temperature of 20 and 40 Celsius, respectively, limited by the catastrophic optical damage on front facet. Efficiency reaches 37.7% at room temperature. The characteristics temperature T0 is 62 K. Long‐term life test shows that the lasers are stable and reliable, suitable as 1W red source for RGB laser projection.
P‐1.13: Influence of the Source/Drain Material on Oxide Semiconductor Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Liang Yi , Han Dedong , Yu Wen , Dong Junchen , Li Huijin , Luo Zhen , Yi Zhuang , Zhang Shengdong , Zhang Xing , Wang Yi
Published: November 2018

With the progress of technology, the display devices are also developing in the direction of lightweight, inexpensive, diversification. In order to drive the light emitting devices, people need to research on active‐matrix thin film transistors (TFTs) .In this paper, indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) is chosen as the active layer material, and we use four different types of source/drain materials including indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO),Al, Al‐doped zinc oxide (AZO) and Ga‐doped zinc oxide (GZO) to explore the influence of different source/drain materials on the characteristics of oxide semiconductor thin film transistors (TFT). The results show that TFTs with AZO as source/drain electrodes exhibit good characteristics. After 200°C annealing, the output characteristic of TFT with AZO as source/drain electrodes becomes better and its source/drain series resistance is low.

From this study, AZO can be considered as a hopeful source/drain material which would be utilized in the future displays technology.
P‐4.1: Study on the Application of Quantum Dot Backlight Technology to Narrow Border LCM
Authors: Su Shihu , Wu Xueping , Qin Feng , Chen Dekai , Wang Xupeng , Fang Xuming
Published: November 2018

At present, the quantum dot backlight technology of blue light‐emitting diode (LED) inspiring Quantum‐dots Light Converting Film (Q‐LCF) is mainly applied to TV, liquid crystal display (LCD) and other LCD module with wide border, because the narrow border quantum dot backlight exists problem of blue edges. This paper researches on the edge failure width of Q‐LCF, and the application of quantum dot backlight to narrow border liquid crystal display module (LCM) through experiment, and theoretical simulation and engineering experimental samples are carried out to confirm the improvement of blue edge technical scheme. The engineering experimental samples and theoretical simulation results match well with each other.
P‐6.1: Asymmetric Effects of Gate‐Bias Stress Voltage on the Stability under Positive and Negative Gate‐Bias Stress of a‐IGZO TFTs
Authors: Zhou Xiaoliang , Zhang Xiaodong , Shao Yang , Zhang Letao , He Hongyu , Han Dedong , Wang Yi , Zhang Shengdong
Published: November 2018

The asymmetric effects of gate‐bias stress voltage on the stability under positive gate‐bias stress (PBS) and negative gate‐bias stress (NBS) of amorphous InGaZnO thin‐film transistors (a‐IGZO TFTs) are investigated. It is observed that under PBS, the threshold voltage shift (∆Vth) increases with the increased value of the gate‐bias stress voltage (VStress), which is due to the enhanced electron trapping at/near the interface of the channel and the gate insulator. However, under NBS, the ∆Vth is nearly unaffected by the Vstress. As the NBS‐induced negative ∆V th is resulted from electron‐detrapping from the donor‐like states related to oxygen vacancies, it is supposed that the rate of electron‐detrapping is not sensitive to the negative gate‐bias voltage. The influence of N2O plasma back‐channel treatment is also studied. The stability under NBS is effectively improved after the N2O plasma treatment, which originates from the decreased density of oxygen‐vacancy related donor‐like states within the a‐IGZO channel layer.
P‐6.11: Sensor Technology ‐ A new chance for low generation TFT production line
Authors: Wang Zhidong , Lan Ronghua , Zhou Lijia , Zhang Junrui , Yan Rongjian , Cheng Jiuyang , Zhou Quanguo , Guo Meng , Li Yongqiang , Lu Yancheng
Published: November 2018

We analyzed several sensor technology which have good compatibility with current TFF process, including Digital X‐Ray Detector, Glass‐substrate Pressure Sensor, Glass‐substrate Memory, Glass‐substrate Antenna and Glass‐substrate MEMS Devices. The above offers some directions for low generation TFT production line's transition.