bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Turning the tables: Using resident physicians’ experiences as patients for leveraging patient-centered care
Authors: Talen Mary R , Rosenblatt Jeffrey , Durchholtz Christina , Malana Geraldine
Published: September 2018

Training physicians to become person-centered is a primary goal of behavioral health curriculum. We have curriculum on doctor–patient communication skills and patient narratives to help physicians relate to the patient’s experiences. However, there is nothing more effective than actually being the patient that gives providers an “aha” experience of the patient’s perspective. In this article, we will share personal resident physician-patient stories based on their experiences within acute urgent care, chronic disease management, and routine well health care. In each narrative, the physician-patient will describe how their experiences had an impact in three areas: (1) their professional identity, (2) their connection with patients, and (3) their experience of the health-care system and teams. Drawing from the key emotional and cognitive experiences from these stories, we will identify training strategies that can bridge the personal to professional experiences as a way to enhance person-centered care. Our goal is to use the physician’s insider perspective on the patient experience as a means to augment the awareness of professional physician role, team-based care, and navigating the health-care system.
Managing workers’ capital? Limits and contradictions of labour investment funds
Authors: MacDonald Ian Thomas , Dupuis Mathieu
Published: September 2018

Labour-controlled investment is often touted as an alternative, pro-worker form of finance. Since 1983, the province of Quebec in Canada has experimented with workers’ participation in the form of workers’ funds controlled by the two major trade union federations. Drawing on research from secondary sources, archival material and semi-structured interviews, this article offers a comprehensive portrait of one of Quebec main workers’ funds, the FTQ Solidarity Fund. To date very little has been said about the impact of workers’ funds on firm governance, employment quality and labour relations. The article argues that any attempt to use investment to shape firm behaviour in the interests of workers and local unions is a limited and contradictory project. The argument is sustained through a discussion of the historical formation and institutional practices of the Solidarity Fund. The presence of large union-controlled investment funds offers local firms an alternative source of capital investment, protecting small and medium-sized firms from more aggressive financial actors. However, the main results show persistent tensions and contradictions between the Fund’s social goals and financial logics, as well as unintended effects on workplace union practices and power.
Evaluating the role of trade unions and civil society organisations in supporting graduate educated disabled workers
Authors: William Laura , Cunningham Ian
Published: September 2018

This study explores the perceptions of disabled graduates regarding the effectiveness of employment-related advice and support provided by trade unions and civil society organisations (CSOs). The article reveals distinct areas of expertise, with union impact largely based in the workplace, as disabled graduates indicate limited knowledge of collectivism or broader union national disability campaigns. CSOs engage with disabled graduates across a broader range of themes, including access to the labour market and disability-related policy, with some indirect influence on workplace issues, and meet all four of Bellemare’s criteria for an industrial relations actor. In the face of concerns about the effectiveness of these representative institutions, the study identifies some conditions that may favour coalitions to support disabled workers, drawing on unions’ and CSOs’ distinct and overlapping areas of expertise.
Lower job satisfaction among workers migrating within Europe: A gender paradox
Authors: Donegani Chiara Paola , McKay Stephen
Published: September 2018

Intra-European migrants reported lower job satisfaction levels than native workers, in three rounds of the European Social Survey. This deficit was also experienced by their descendants (the second generation), despite the latter generation achieving native levels of household income. At least some part of these lower levels of job satisfaction was associated with a clustering into lower-productivity industries. There are striking gender differences in experiences: among men the first generation is just as likely to be satisfied with their jobs as the ‘native’ population, whilst it is the second generation who are less likely to achieve job satisfaction. For women, both generations experienced a deficit in job satisfaction. This may reflect changing expectations of work among men, and integration for women, across generations, and contrasts with the convergence in earnings over time. The country of origin, within Europe, did not seem to be associated with levels of job satisfaction.
Research and Development Expense and Analyst Forecast Errors: An Underestimation of Sales or Overestimation of Expenses?
Authors: Hill Mary S. , Ruch George W. , Taylor Gary K.
Published: September 2018

We test whether analysts adequately incorporate the implications of research and development (R&D) activities into their forecasts by observing the relation between R&D expense and future forecast errors for earnings, sales, and expenses. We find that analysts systematically underestimate the future earnings implications of R&D, and that this underestimation of earnings is attributable to an overestimation of future expenses rather than an underestimation of future sales. We further find that our results are driven by firms with high fixed costs and high sales growth, which suggests that analysts, on average, assume that costs vary proportionally with sales in high R&D firms perhaps due to the difficulties in separating fixed and variable costs in most financial statements.
When Staying Is Dissatisfying: Examining When and Why Turnover Cognitions Affect Stayers’ Career Satisfaction
Authors: Verbruggen Marijke , van Emmerik Hetty
Published: September 2018

This study examines when and why turnover cognitions affect stayers’ subsequent career satisfaction. To develop our hypotheses, we build on and compare two theoretical perspectives, that is, the insufficient justification perspective and regret theory. Hypotheses were tested using two studies with Belgian employees. The baseline hypothesis that initial turnover cognitions are related with lower subsequent career satisfaction received support in both studies. In Study 1, using two-wave data from 226 employees in four organizations, we tested whether the turnover cognitions–subsequent career satisfaction relationship was moderated by four contextual factors (i.e., internal job transitions, lack of external job opportunities, on-the-job embeddedness, and off-the-job embeddedness). We found marginal support for a mitigating role of internal job transitions, support for a mitigating role of lack of external job opportunities, and support for an amplifying role of off-the-job embeddedness. We found no moderation effect of on-the-job embeddedness. In Study 2, using three-wave information from 705 employees in seven organizations, we tested and found support for the mediating role of justifiability and regret. Overall, this study shows that turnover cognitions have consequences when people end up staying in their organization, which calls for more theoretical and empirical work on staying despite preceding turnover cognitions in order to improve our understanding of the complexity and dynamic nature of the turnover/retention phenomenon.
Cool and hot executive functions at 5 years old as predictors of physical and relational aggression between 5 and 6 years old
Authors: O’Toole Sarah E. , Tsermentseli Stella , Humayun Sajid , Monks Claire P.
Published: September 2018

To study the role of executive function (EF) in the early development of aggression, the role of cool and hot EF skills at 5 years old, in the development of physical and relational aggression between 5 and 6 years old, was explored. Typically developing children ( N = 80) completed tasks assessing their cool (inhibition, working memory, planning) and hot EF (affective decision making, delay of gratification) skills at 5 years old. Longitudinal data were collected from teachers that rated children’s aggression when they were 5, 5.5, and 6 years old. Inhibition at 5 years old predicted changes in physical and relational aggression between 5 and 6 years old. Early cool EF, but not hot EF, may therefore be associated with aggression and inhibitory control specifically with changes in aggression during early childhood.
Skateboarding and the Ecology of Urban Space
Authors: Glenney Brian , Mull Steve
Published: September 2018

Skateboarding poses a unique case study for considering the place of sport in human activity. The bulk of skateboarding scholarship argues that skateboarding is largely a subversion of rule governance, a view difficult to square with common and popular rule-governed skateboarding competitions, now including the Olympics. We attempt to resolve this tension by arguing for a kind of pluralism: skateboarding’s engagement in rule-governed competition is distinctly subversive, yielding the claim that skateboarding is both sport and subversion. This pluralism is examined in an “ecological” framework of emergent activities defined by push-pull interactive relationships between skateboarders and their environment that change the meaning of their spaces—whether domestic, urban, or competitive—to spaces that are both wild and spontaneous. We conclude with reflections on how skateboarding provides understanding of sport in the space of ecological meaning.
Effect of moisture content on methane adsorption- and desorption-induced deformation of tectonically deformed coal
Authors: Zhang Zun-Guo , Cao Shu-Gang , Li Yong , Guo Ping , Yang Hongyun , Yang Tao
Published: September 2018

Intermolecular forces that act between moisture and the atoms of the coal structure have a significant influence on methane adsorption- and desorption-induced deformation in coal. After analyzing the porous characteristics and existing forms of moisture in coal, both the adsorption-induced swelling and the desorption-induced shrinkage deformation experiments were carried out under the conditions of varying moisture content, constant temperature, and variable equilibrium pressure. Both the swelling and shrinkage volumetric strains with different coal moisture contents were fitted by Langmuir-type equations in which the fitting coefficients were functions of the moisture content. It was found that there is a lag between the swelling curve and the corresponding shrinkage curve, and a variable known as the hysteresis rate was defined to illustrate this characteristic. A mathematical model of swelling and shrinkage deformation that considers the effect of moisture content was established based on the experimental results and analysis.
Caribbean futures in the offshore Anthropocene: Debt, disaster, and duration
Authors: Sheller Mimi
Published: September 2018

The devastating impacts of Hurricanes Irma and Maria across the Caribbean (especially in Barbuda, Dominica, Puerto Rico, St Martin/St Maarten, and parts of the British and US Virgin Islands) are haunting harbingers of a world of climate disaster, halting recovery, and impossible futures. Being at the leading edge of the global capitalist exploitation of people and other living and non-living beings in a world-spanning system of vast inequity and severe injustice, Caribbean thinkers, writers, poets, philosophers, activists, and artists have long lived with, dwelt upon, and offered answers to the problem of being human after Man, as Sylvia Wynter puts it. This reflection on island futuring and defuturing offers a critical analysis of Caribbean “disaster recovery” and “climate adaptation” based on an understanding of the disjuncture between three uneven spatio-temporal realities: (1) the decelerating “islanding effects” of debt, foreign aid, and austerity; (2) the accelerating mobilities of the “offshore” and extended operational landscapes of “planetary urbanization”; and (3) the durational im/mobilities of Amerindian survival, Maroon escape, and Black/Indigenous cultural endurance of alternative ontologies.
Partially dead, partially separated: establishing the mechanism between ambiguous loss and grief reaction among caregivers of patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness
Authors: Zaksh Yael , Yehene Einat , Elyashiv Maya , Altman Arie
Published: September 2018

Objectives:

To trace the psychological mechanism underlying caregivers’ emotional experience in prolonged disorders of consciousness, by examining the mediating role of boundary ambiguity in the relationship between ambiguous loss and grief.

Design:

Cross-sectional design.

Setting:

The Respiratory Rehabilitation Division of a long-term medical and rehabilitation institute.

Subjects:

A total of 64 primary caregivers (69% female) of patients in a vegetative state ( n = 49) or minimally conscious state ( n = 15), with a mean age of 55.5 (SD = 12.3) years. Participants were mostly the patient’s children (62%) or partners (27%). The mean caregiving duration was 4.9 (SD = 5.1) years.

Main measures:

The Boundary Ambiguity Scale, the Revised Need for Closure Scale, an adapted version of the multifactor Two-Track Bereavement Questionnaire, and a sociodemographic questionnaire, which included items regarding caregiving: frequency of visits and perception of the patient’s psychological presence.

Results:

(1) Caregivers’ grief scores (total TTBQ: mean = 2.97; SD = 0.55) did not significantly differ from those exhibited by a normative bereavement sample. (2) Time since injury did not affect caregivers’ grief scores (three-year cut-point; P > .05). (3) Mediation analyses revealed that boundary ambiguity (mean = 34.03; SD = 7.55) significantly mediates the relationship between need for closure ( B = .11; confidence interval (CI) = .04–.23) and grief; frequency of visits ( B = .05, CI = .02–.10) and grief and perception of psychological presence ( B = .26, CI = .00–.61) and grief in three separate models.

Conclusion:

Ambiguity concerning relational boundaries hinders caregivers’ ongoing grief reaction and impedes their ability to integrate the loss. High frequency of visits, belief in the patient’s psychological presence and difficulties in tolerating uncertainty are all clinical manifestations of caregivers’ entangled experience.
The moderating effect of psychedelics on the prospective relationship between prescription opioid use and suicide risk among marginalized women
Authors: Argento Elena , Braschel Melissa , Walsh Zach , Socias M Eugenia , Shannon Kate
Published: September 2018

Background/aims:

Given high rates of depression and suicide among marginalized women, and increasing calls to integrate trauma-informed biomedical and community-led structural interventions, this study longitudinally examines the potential moderating effect of psychedelic use on the relationship between other illicit drug use and suicide risk.

Methods:

Data (2010–2017) were drawn from a community-based, prospective open cohort of marginalized women in Vancouver, Canada. Extended Cox regression analyses examined the moderating effect of psychedelic use on the association between other illicit drug use and incidence of suicidal ideation or attempt over follow-up.

Results:

Of 340 women without suicidal ideation or attempt at baseline, 16% ( n=53) reported a first suicidal episode during follow-up, with an incidence density of 4.63 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 3.53–6.07). In unadjusted analysis, psychedelic use moderated the relationship between prescription opioid use and suicide risk: among women who did not use psychedelics, prescription opioid use increased the hazard of suicide (hazard ratio 2.91; 95% confidence interval 1.40–6.03) whereas prescription opioid use was not associated with increased suicidal ideation or attempt among those who used psychedelics (hazard ratio 0.69; 95% confidence interval 0.27–1.73) (interaction term p-value: 0.016). The moderating effect of psychedelics remained significant when adjusted for confounders (interaction term p-value: 0.036).

Conclusions:

Psychedelic use had a protective moderating effect on the relationship between prescription opioid use and suicide risk. In the context of a severe public health crisis around prescription opioids and lack of addiction services tailored to marginalized women, this study supports calls for innovative, evidence-based and trauma-informed interventions, including further research on the potential benefits of psychedelics.
The evolutionary old forebrain as site of action to develop new psychotropic drugs
Authors: Loonen Anton JM , Ivanova Svetlana A
Published: September 2018

Background:

Previously, the authors have developed a model of how reward-seeking and distress- avoiding behaviour is regulated by the human brain. The forebrain’s evolution in vertebrates was taken as a starting point.

Aims:

The authors want to inspire colleagues to study in particular the pharmacological effects on the described ancient forebrain structures in order to modify specific symptoms of mental disorders.

Methods:

Compilation of data and ideas of previous articles, with examples to illustrate.

Results:

A primary (lamprey-like), secondary (frog-like) and tertiary (mammal-like) forebrain can be distinguished, organized according to a Russian doll model. The first constituent is primarily involved in producing the emotional response, while the last is principally concerned with constructing conscious cognitive behaviour (including verbal and written communication). Mental disorders comprise (partly related and partly unrelated) biological and rational phenomena. The secondary system regulates the intensity of reward-seeking and distress-avoiding behaviour. An essential component of the primary forebrain evaluates the results of behavioural actions: the lateral habenula-projecting pallidum. These neurons regulate the activity of ascending dopaminergic pathways. The authors suggest that these habenula-projecting pallidum neurons are targeted by subanaesthetic dosages of ketamine. The medial habenula is enriched with nicotinergic acetylcholine receptors and regulates the activity of ascending adrenergic and serotonergic neurons. This may link varenicline-induced hostility to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-induced aggression.

Conclusions:

Studying the effects of new compounds on the primary and secondary brains in lampreys and frogs may yield interesting new treatments of mental disorders.
The dose-dependent psychomotor effects of intravenous delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) in humans
Authors: Boggs Douglas L , Cortes-Briones Jose A , Surti Toral , Luddy Christina , Ranganathan Mohini , Cahill John D , Sewell Andrew R , D’Souza Deepak C , Skosnik Patrick D
Published: September 2018

Background:

Binding studies have demonstrated that levels of the cannabinoid receptor type-1 are highest in the basal ganglia and cerebellum, two areas critical for motor control. However, no studies have systematically examined the dose-related effects of intravenous delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the primary cannabinoid receptor type-1 partial agonist in cannabis, on broad domains of psychomotor function in humans.

Aims:

Therefore, three domains of psychomotor function were assessed in former cannabis users (cannabis abstinent for a minimum of three months; n=23) in a three test-day, within-subject, double-blind, randomized, cross-over, and counterbalanced study during which they received intravenous delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (placebo, 0.015 mg/kg, and 0.03 mg/kg).

Methods:

Gross motor function was assessed via the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery Motor Screening Task, fine motor control via the Lafayette Instrument Grooved Pegboard task, and motor timing via a Paced Finger-Tapping Task. In addition, the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery Rapid Visual Processing Task was utilized to determine whether delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced motor deficits were confounded by disruptions in sustained attention.

Results/outcomes:

Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol resulted in robust dose-dependent deficits in fine motor control (Grooved Pegboard Task) and motor timing (Paced Finger-Tapping Task), while gross motor performance (Motor Screening Task) and sustained attention (Rapid Visual Processing Task) were unimpaired. Interestingly, despite the observed dose-dependent increases in motor impairment and blood levels of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, subjects reported similar levels of intoxication in the two drug conditions.

Conclusions/interpretation:

These data suggest that while several domains of motor function are disrupted by delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, subjective feelings of intoxication are dissociable from cannabinoid-induced psychomotor effects. Results are discussed in terms of the potential neural mechanisms of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in motor structures.
Tribulus terrestris versus placebo in the treatment of erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with late-onset hypogonadism: A placebo-controlled study
Authors: GamalEl Din Sameh Fayek , Abdel Salam Mohamed Ahmed , Mohamed Mohamed Shokr , Ahmed Ahmed Ragab , Motawaa Ahmed Tarek , Saadeldin Omar Ayman , Elnabarway Ramzy Raafat
Published: September 2018

Aging is associated with a series of morphological and functional modifications that leads to reduced physiological efficiency and atrophy of various organs and systems. Tribulus terrestris induces its effect in fertility and sexual functions through the steroidal saponins, particularly the dominant saponins protodioscin. We aimed in this study to evaluate the efficacy and safety profiles of Tribulus terrestris in aging males with partial androgen deficiency who suffered from erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms. A total of 70 randomized aging patients with erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms were recruited from June 2017 to March 2018 from our andrology outpatient clinic. Thirty-five patients (group A) received Tribulus terrestris three times daily for 3 months and the other 35 patients (group B) received placebo. The mean of aspartate transaminase was elevated in group A after 3 months of receiving Tribulus terrestris (26.5 (before), 27.8 (after), respectively, p = 0.03). Moreover, there were significant elevations in the means of both total testosterone together with the score of the validated Arabic index of erectile function (5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function) (2.2, 10.7 (before), 2.7, 16.1 (after), p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). Finally, the mean of the total prostate-specific antigen was elevated in this group (1.4 (before), 1.7 (before), p = 0.007, respectively). Interestingly, there were no worsening of the lower urinary tract symptoms in group A as there was no change in the mean score of the international prostate symptom score, which was used to assess these symptoms before and after treatment (mean 14.4 (before), 14.6 (after), p = 0.67, respectively). In sum, this study replicates the findings of previous reports about the robust effect of this herbal medicine in elevating the testosterone level and improving the sexual function of patients who suffered from erectile dysfunction with partial androgen deficiency.
Outcomes of infants undergoing laparoscopic pyeloplasty: A single-center experience
Authors: Erol İbrahim , Karamık Kaan , İslamoğlu Mahmut Ekrem , Ateş Mutlu , Savaş Murat
Published: September 2018

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of laparoscopic pyeloplasty in children less than 12 months of age.

Materials and methods:

The records of 20 infants, who had pelviureteric junction obstruction and subsequently underwent LP from January 2013 to November 2016 with at least 1 year of follow-up, were retrospectively reviewed. Patients demographics, the results of preoperative and postoperative imaging studies, perioperative details, complications, and results were noted.

Results:

The mean age of 20 infants was 4.75 months. The gender of cases was 5 females (25%) and 15 males (75%). Of that, 13 (65%) laparoscopic pyeloplasties were in left side and 7 (35%) were in right side. No cases needed open conversation. Aberrant crossing vessel was observed in three patients (15%). The mean operation time was 79.35 min (45–128 min). The mean hospital stay was 2.9 ± 0.308 days (2–3 days). There were complications in three children (15%); two patients developed stent migration and one child had fever over 38°. Three children with complications did not require a second intervention. In one child, the kidney was non-functioning in follow-up and nephrectomy was performed. The anteroposterior diameter significantly reduced. Preoperative mean value was 24.305 ± 5.6157 and postoperative mean value was 15.40 ± 6.030 (p = 0.000, p < 0.05). There was a significant degree of improvement in renal split function for all patients. Preoperative mean values were 45.53 ± 11.512, while postoperative values were 47.850 ± 13.347 (p = 0.029, p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Although there are doubts about the reliability and efficacy of results for pyeloplasty in children less 12 months, many studies including this study show that laparoscopic pyeloplasty is an effective and reliable method for infants.
Starting the Conversation: Are Campus Sexual Assault Policies Related to the Prevalence of Campus Sexual Assault?
Authors: DeLong Stephanie M. , Graham Laurie M. , Magee Erin P. , Treves-Kagan Sarah , Gray Christine L. , McClay Alison M. , Zarnick Samantha M. , Kupper Lawrence L. , Macy Rebecca J. , Ashley Olivia S. , Pettifor Audrey , Moracco Kathryn E. , Martin Sandra L.
Published: September 2018

One goal of university campus sexual assault (CSA) policies is to help prevent CSA. Federal guidance in the 2014 White House Task Force to Protect Students From Sexual Assault Checklist for Campus Sexual Misconduct Policies suggests 10 elements for inclusion in CSA policies (e.g., Policy Introduction, Grievance/Adjudication), and outlines policy topics to be included within each element (Policy Introduction includes two topics: statement of prohibition against sex discrimination including sexual misconduct and statement of commitment to address sexual misconduct). However, no research has examined whether CSA policies impact CSA prevalence. To begin addressing this gap, we studied 24 universities participating in the 2015 Association of American Universities Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Assault and Sexual Misconduct. We linked 2014-2015 data from these universities’ CSA policies and their CSA prevalence findings from the 2015 Association of American Universities (AAU) survey. To test whether the comprehensiveness of schools’ CSA policies was related to schools’ CSA prevalence, we examined the degree to which the CSA policies included recommended policy content from the aforementioned Checklist. Policies were characterized as more comprehensive if they included greater numbers of Checklist topics. We then correlated the number of topics within the policies with school-level CSA prevalence. We also explored whether there was lower CSA prevalence among schools with policies containing particular topics. Results suggested that greater comprehensiveness of schools’ entire CSA policies was negatively correlated with CSA prevalence; however, these findings did not approach statistical significance. The number of negative correlations observed between schools’ CSA policy elements and CSA prevalence among undergraduate women was greater than expected by chance alone, suggesting a possible connection between comprehensive CSA policies and CSA prevalence. Schools with policies that included a topic on their sexual assault response team had the lowest CSA prevalence for both women and men, and schools that included topics describing grievance/adjudication procedures had lower CSA prevalence. This study provides a novel examination of CSA and could inform needed research related to the impact of CSA policies on CSA.
Economic Policies and Intimate Partner Violence Prevention: Emerging Complexities in the Literature
Authors: Tankard Margaret E. , Iyengar Radha
Published: September 2018

Although the question of whether economic policies serve to reduce rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) has long been raised, rigorous tests of this question have only begun to take place recently. Given the mixed evidence to date, much remains unknown about the circumstances in which a positive or negative relationship holds between changes in financial well-being and IPV. We describe an empirically based theoretical model that may link economic empowerment to IPV and that highlights research questions for further testing. This model reflects two theoretical pathways through which economic policies may reduce IPV: A program may activate social and psychological empowerment as protective factors and a program may deactivate cognitive and behavioral risk factors such as stress and substance abuse. We then consider the relevance of each of a range of economic policies and review existing experimental evidence regarding the effect of such programs on IPV. We discuss unconditional and conditional cash transfers, savings programs, microfinance and income generation programs, and economic programs combined with relationship-related training. Gaps in research on this topic and emerging complexities in the literature suggest the following three key areas that would benefit from greater research and evaluation: comparison across programs based on size and design, assessment of the returns to economic empowerment of young adults, and more evaluations in high-income countries.
Communicating About Affirmative Consent: How the Threat of Punishment Affects Policy Support and Gender Stereotypes
Authors: Tinkler Justine E. , Clay-Warner Jody , Alinor Malissa
Published: September 2018

Colleges are increasingly adopting “affirmative consent” policies, which require students to obtain conscious and voluntary consent at each stage of sexual activity. Although this is an important step forward in violence prevention, very little is known about how best to present the policies to students. This is important, as research on sexual harassment policy training finds that training can reinforce traditional gender beliefs, which undermines policy goals. Building on this literature, we argue that affirmative consent policy trainings emphasizing punishment will increase support for affirmative consent but will reinforce traditional gender beliefs. We tested our predictions with an experiment in which we randomly assigned undergraduate participants to one of three conditions where they read an excerpt of (a) an affirmative consent policy that emphasized the threat of punishment, (b) an affirmative consent policy that emphasized a normative/moral message, or (c) an ergonomic workstation policy that served as our control condition. We found that punishment framing increased men’s support for the policy, had no effect on their likelihood to comply, and increased their perception that “most people” hold men to be more powerful than women. For women, the punishment and normative framings increased support equally, but the normative framing actually decreased likelihood to comply. The policy conditions had no effect on women’s gender beliefs. The results suggest that while an emphasis on punishment can help legitimate nonconsensual sex as a social problem, it will not necessarily increase college students’ compliance with affirmative consent, and runs the risk of activating essentialist stereotypes about gender difference. As the issue of campus sexual assault becomes increasingly politicized and contested, our findings highlight the need for more research.
Oil Development and Intimate Partner Violence: Implementation of Section 8 Housing Policies in the Bakken Region of North Dakota and Montana
Authors: Jayasundara Dheeshana S. , Legerski Elizabeth M. , Danis Fran S. , Ruddell Rick
Published: September 2018

One of the challenges survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) often face is securing safe and affordable housing. Many survivors qualify for public housing programs such as the Section 8 Project-Based Rental Assistance (PBRA) program and tenant-based Housing Choice Voucher Program (HCVP). These programs can be vital for survivors fleeing abuse and trying to rebuild their lives. But how might regional conditions such as rapid population growth resulting from an oil boom affect the implementation of such programs for survivors? In addition, what role might such policies play in preventing future violence in resource boom communities? Analyzing existing policies and qualitative data collected from in-depth interviews with survivors, community members, and service providers in the Bakken region of North Dakota and Montana, we evaluate the implementation of Section 8 housing programs in oil-affected communities for survivors of IPV. We find that survivors of IPV often had a difficult time accessing affordable housing in the Bakken. Eligibility restrictions prevented some survivors from utilizing Section 8 housing programs, some landlords opted out of Section 8 program participation at the height of the oil boom, and the housing crisis may have simultaneously contributed to low utilization of housing vouchers. These conditions increased vulnerability for IPV survivors. We conclude by exploring the impact of the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA), state, and local initiatives on housing access and affordability, and the efficacy of Section 8 housing programs during the oil boom. Understanding the relationship between natural resource development, rapid population increases, housing inflation, and Section 8 housing programs should be considered as policy makers prioritize social programs in boomtown communities that may affect the well-being and safety of IPV survivors.
The Theory and Practice of Plebiscitary Leadership: Weber and the Orbán regime
Authors: Körösényi András
Published: September 2018

Most political science interpretations of the post-2010 Orbán regime have been written either within the framework of populism or in the democratization paradigm. We have learned much from these papers about Hungary’s drift in an authoritarian direction, but they also have drawbacks. This article aims to fill the gap between these two approaches and offers a theoretical framework to analyze the impact of populism and other trends of contemporary politics (like de-alignment, growing electoral volatility, citizens’ disengagement, personalization, legitimacy problems, the decline of party membership and partisanship, the mediatization of politics, etc.) on the political regime. It argues that these trends add up to an authority and regime type that can be conceptualized by Weber’s concept of plebiscitary leader democracy (PLD). PLD forms a new hybrid regime type that differs from comparative authoritarianism and other hybrid regime types known from the literature in three respects. First, PLD is less about institutional framework and procedures than about the sources of legitimacy; second, it serves better to understand how the regime works than measuring its distance from liberal democracy; third, it is an ideal type that aims to reveal the endogenous logic of democracy that generates authoritarian elements of the regime. The article also demonstrates the suitability of the concept of PLD for empirical research through presenting a structured case study of the Orbán regime. The PLD model enables us to reveal the endogenous logic of the Orbán regime and the impact of populist governance on it.
Distributed leadership in HE
Authors: Joslyn Erica
Published: September 2018

Although participatory models of distributed leadership have gained traction across the higher education sector in the UK, it is also the case that forms of exclusion continue to defy aspirations for improving diversity in senior leadership across higher education. This article contends that an (undemocratic) participatory model of distributed leadership has, in effect, provided a framework through which ‘cultural cloning’ can thrive, and most importantly where the exclusion of black minority-ethnic academics can be camouflaged as normal business. This article uses ‘cultural cloning’ as a methodological tool to analyse the implications for black minority-ethnic academics against the structures, processes and politics of this participatory model of distributed leadership in higher education. It concludes that in the interests of exclusion and uniformity, an (undemocratic) participatory model of distributed leadership in higher education has become a utilitarian scaffold that is both ‘a means to an end’ and ‘an end in itself’.
Educating Youth for Nonexistent/Not Yet Existing Professions
Authors: Kirschner Paul A. , Stoyanov Slavi
Published: September 2018

In today’s and tomorrow’s world, people will be required to work longer. At the same time, their employment future will become increasingly insecure due to technological advances and obsolescence of acquired knowledge and skills. This means that something needs to happen in the education and training of our youth. Using a group concept mapping (GCM) procedure, experts in different fields (educators, educational researchers, human resource professionals, etc.) from primarily Europe and North America generated 239 ideas with regard to the trigger statement: “One specific way to prepare youth to make effective and efficient use of information skills to optimally function in tomorrow’s labour market is . . . .” The generated ideas were sorted into 15 thematic clusters (i.e., Critical Thinking, Skills Transfer, High-Level Thinking, Competences, Metacognition and Reflection, Efficacy [Self-Image] Building, Learn in Authentic Situations, Integrate School and Profession, Collaboration, Teacher Professionalization, Information Literacy, Redesign the School, Literacy, and Numeracy, Information Skills, and Learn for the Future) and then rated with respect to their importance and ease/difficulty of implementation. The results showed a disconnect between what was important and ease of implementation with highly important clusters judged to be difficult to implement and vice versa. This led to the definition of a 3-stage approach to adapting education to prepare youth for shortly nonexistent/not yet existing professions.
Risk of Nephrotoxicity Associated With Nonrenally Adjusted Intravenous Polymyxin B Compared to Traditional Dosing
Authors: Maniara Bejoy P. , Healy Lauren E. , Doan Thien-Ly
Published: September 2018

Background:

Polymyxin B’s package insert recommends renal adjustment. Contemporary studies suggest it does not require renal adjustment.

Objective:

To determine whether time to acute kidney injury (AKI) differs between renally adjusted and nonadjusted intravenous (IV) polymyxin B.

Methods:

This retrospective chart review compared time to AKI after renally adjusted and nonadjusted IV polymyxin B administration. It included patients who were 18 years or older, received IV polymyxin B, and had creatinine clearance below 80 mL/min, and excluded ones who had AKI, received renal replacement therapy, or were pregnant.

Results:

Fifty-four patients were included. There was not any statistical association between dosing type and time to AKI ( P = .13). Incidence of nephrotoxicity, mortality, and length of stay (LOS) were higher in the renally adjusted arm (21.7% vs 6.5%, 17.4% vs 6.5%, and 16 vs 14 days, respectively). Four patients received concomitant ascorbic acid; not one developed AKI.

Conclusion:

A significant association between IV polymyxin B dosing type and time to AKI was not found. Adverse events were higher in the renally adjusted arm. This suggests that nonadjusted IV polymyxin B may be preferred in patients with renal impairment. Ascorbic acid may mitigate IV polymyxin B's nephrotoxic potential. Further studies are needed to corroborate these findings.
Experimental and numerical investigation of defect-size estimation in taper roller bearing
Authors: Nabhan Ahmed , Rashed Ahmed
Published: September 2018

In this article, the estimation of different defect sizes present on the outer race of taper roller bearing confirms the effectiveness of the applied method for different vibration signals. Experiments and numerical model conducted for three primary conditions of bearing setting, which are positive, negative, and zero clearance. The outer race is installed in five different positions so that the defect located at 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, and 180°. The output of the numerical model finds close correlation with the vibration signal pattern–obtained experiments. From the results, it is clear that defect-size estimation is more precise when the defect is introduced in the unloading area, and the contact time depends directly on the size of the defect, through which it is easy to calculate its value of the defect.
Modified linear model correction: A calibration transfer method without standard samples
Authors: Zhang Jin , Cui Xiaoyu , Cai Wensheng , Shao Xueguang
Published: September 2018

Calibration transfer without standard samples is essential for practical applications of near infrared spectroscopy because, sometimes, it is difficult or even impossible to obtain the standard samples for measuring their spectra on the secondary instrument. In this work, a modified linear model correction method is proposed for improving the transfer accuracy and computational efficiency. The constraint of linear model correction was replaced by a robust convex equation to restrict the model similarity in the optimization. The near infrared dataset of pharmaceutical tablet measured with different instruments are used to test the performance of the method. The result shows that a modified linear model correction achieves a high efficiency of the transfer while the computational complexity can be considerably reduced. The method may provide a robust way in practical application.
Information professionals meet Arthur Prior
Authors: Engerer Volkmar Paul , Sabir Fatima
Published: September 2018

The paper investigates the supporting role of information professionals in interdisciplinary digital research projects. It identifies three encounter scenarios in which information professionals meet domain researchers (as research librarian, as information specialist, and as iHumanist) and links them to the domain researchers ‘modes of orientation’. We examine these theoretical distinctions by discussing three cases from our own practical engagement in the Prior project. Our discussion shows that the scenarios help to understand information professionals’ supporting work, explain the conflicts that emerge, and explicate information professionals’ shifting conceptions of what they are doing in terms of the shifting encounter scenarios. In short, the paper presents methodological and theoretical insights that can be useful in understanding encounters between information professionals and domain researchers.
A D-vine copula mixed model for joint meta-analysis and comparison of diagnostic tests
Authors: Nikoloulopoulos Aristidis K
Published: September 2018

For a particular disease, there may be two diagnostic tests developed, where each of the tests is subject to several studies. A quadrivariate generalised linear mixed model (GLMM) has been recently proposed to joint meta-analyse and compare two diagnostic tests. We propose a D-vine copula mixed model for joint meta-analysis and comparison of two diagnostic tests. Our general model includes the quadrivariate GLMM as a special case and can also operate on the original scale of sensitivities and specificities. The method allows the direct calculation of sensitivity and specificity for each test, as well as the parameters of the summary receiver operator characteristic (SROC) curve, along with a comparison between the SROCs of each test. Our methodology is demonstrated with an extensive simulation study and illustrated by meta-analysing two examples where two tests for the diagnosis of a particular disease are compared. Our study suggests that there can be an improvement on GLMM in fit to data since our model can also provide tail dependencies and asymmetries.
Climate change, cultural cognition, and media effects: Worldviews drive news selectivity, biased processing, and polarized attitudes
Authors: Newman Todd P. , Nisbet Erik C. , Nisbet Matthew C.
Published: September 2018

According to cultural cognition theory, individuals hold opinions about politically contested issues like climate change that are consistent with their “cultural way of life,” conforming their opinions to how they think society should be organized and to what they perceive are the attitudes of their cultural peers. Yet despite dozens of cultural cognition studies, none have directly examined the role of the news media in facilitating these differential interpretations. To address this gap, drawing on a national survey of US adults administered in 2015, we statistically modeled the cultural cognition process in relation to news choices and media effects on public attitudes about climate change. Individuals possessing strongly held cultural worldviews, our findings show, not only choose news outlets where they expect to find culturally congruent arguments about climate change, but they also selectively process the arguments they encounter. Overall, our study demonstrates the substantial role that cultural cognition in combination with news media choices play in contributing to opinion polarization on climate change and other politicized science topics.
The Relevance of Market Variables in the CDS Spread Volatility: An Empirical Post-crisis Analysis
Authors: Di Febo Elisa , Angelini Eliana
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this article is to examine the factors which define the changes of credit default swap (CDS) premiums, therefore, to analyse the indicator ability of CDS spreads on the credit market. The value of the ‘indicator’ of CDS spreads in the credit market has been recently highlighted due to the ‘failure’ of the rating agencies as an indicator to represent and ‘monitor’ the credit risk associate to an established reference entity. In detail, the empirical analysis is focused on a sample of 308 European corporates listed on the stock exchange holding five-year CDS spreads. The timeline considered is from 1 April 2005 to 31 March 2015, taking into account both the period pre- and post-financial crisis. Data has been elaborated from Bloomberg. The choice to analyse the European companies has been made to verify the behaviour of the determinants of CDS in a market that has very different characteristics compared to the USA (both structural and regulatory). In total period analysis, we find that both the firm variables and market variables are significant. In particularity, in post-financial crisis, only market variables are statistically significant and they have an explanatory power equal to 57 per cent.