bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE NEXUS OF FINANCIAL LITERACY, FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY, AND FINANCIAL INCLUSION ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: INSIGHTS FROM LAMONGAN'S CULINARY MSMES
Authors: Maulidia Putri Ihza Zamzara , Rachmaniyah Fatichatur , Shoimah Siti
Published: December 2024

Background: The MSME culinary sector is one of the most popular industries in Indonesia, particularly in Lamongan. MSME entrepreneurs in this sector need to enhance their understanding of financial literacy and financial inclusion to improve their business's financial performance. Additionally, keeping up with modern developments by utilizing financial technology is crucial to optimizing financial management.
Research Purpose: This study aims to understand how financial literacy, fintech, and financial inclusion impact the financial performance of culinary micro, small, and medium enterprises in Lamongan.
Research Method: This study uses an explanatory quantitative research approach. Data collection was conducted through Likert-scale questionnaires distributed to 140 MSME respondents in the culinary sector in Lamongan. These respondents were selected using purposive sampling, and the data were analyzed using multiple linear regression.
Findings: The study reveals that financial literacy and inclusion enhance the financial performance of culinary micro, small, and medium enterprises in Lamongan. While fintech's role is insignificant, a synergistic approach involving all three factors significantly contributes to improved performance.
Conclusion: Financial literacy and financial inclusion among MSMEs in Lamongan's culinary sector are relatively good. However, the application of financial technology does not significantly affect financial performance, as most consumers in Lamongan, from lower-middle-income groups, do not widely use fintech for transactions.
Radiological Assessment of Exposure to Background Ionizing Radiation in Ogbomoso South Local Government, Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Awokoya Sijibomi O. , Ayanlola Paul S. , Isola Gbadebo A.
Published: December 2024

The radiological evaluation of rural areas in developing countries is frequently overlooked due to the assumption of minimal radiation risk and low levels of industrialization. This research aims to fill this gap by assessing the background radiation level in Ogbomoso South Local Government, Oyo State, Nigeria, and estimating the radiological risks. One thousand sampling locations were randomly selected across the ten administrative wards of the study area, and the radiation level was examined using a dosimeter. The recorded dose rates varied between 0.09 and 0.17 μSvh-1, with an overall mean of 0.13 μSvh-1. This average is 48.2% lower than the global mean of 0.27 µSvh-1. The estimated annual effective dose equivalent ranged from 0.15 to 0.30 mSvy-1, with an average of 0.23 mSvy-1, which is 23.1% below the acceptable limit of 1 mSvy-1. The study shows that the current levels of radiation exposure do not present a significant radiological threat. It recommends establishing a regular monitoring program to observe changes over time, with this data serving as a baseline for Ogbomoso South Local Government.
BIMBINGAN TEKNIS (BIMTEK) AWAL TAHUN AKADEMIK 2024/2025: PENYUSUNAN PERANGKAT AJAR KURIKULUM MERDEKA DI UPTD SDN BATUPLAT 2 KUPANG
Authors: Fointuna Daniel Williams , Koroh Taty Rosiana , Bulu Vera Rosalina , Lehan Andriyani Afliyanti Dua
Published: December 2024

A technical guidance of creating teaching materials based on Merdeka curriculum framework was conducted in the beginning of academic year 2024/2025 from August 1 – 3, 2024, in UPTD SDN Batuplat 2 Kupang. The community service activity was participated by 29 participants of teachers and education personnels of UPTD SDN Batuplat 2 Kupang. This activity was carried out using training and assisting method. Qualitatively, the final survey showed that all participants obtained meaningful knowledge, understanding, and skill to create teaching materials incorporating differentiated learning. The participants were able to integrate digital learning media in the teaching materials they had created. Besides, quantitatively, the final survey indicated that as many as 26 teachers could produce differentiated learning modules according to classes and levels where they teach, 5 teachers and education personnels could produce HTML and android-based application for AKM simulation using I spring suite. Moreover, 9 teachers and education personnels could produce interactive teaching materials, quizzes, and games using web-based application, such as genially, educaplay, and wordwall.
مقترح تصميم مسكن مستقل للأسرة الليبية ذات الدخل المحدود
Authors:   المعهد العالي للعلوم والتقنية بالزاوية، هندسه معمارية, المنفوخ عبد الرحمن عبد السلام , الرميح رضا الصادق ,   المعهد العالي للعلوم والتقنية بالزاوية، هندسه معمارية, الطوير تقوى عبد الحكيم ,   المعهد العالي للعلوم والتقنية بالزاوية، هندسه معمارية
Published: December 2024

One of the most critical needs for Libyan families is to have priority access to suitable and independent housing, enabling them to acquire and own it. This is a primary goal for designers, based on the needs of Libyan citizens. Providing housing opportunities for individuals of all ages, income levels, and abilities falls under citizens' rights that the Libyan state should ensure. However, the high cost of acquiring independent housing, due to its large size—the preferred model among Libyan families—and the difficulty of ownership, hinders the achievement of this goal. Recognizing that architectural design is an effective tool for providing suitable and independent housing, this paper aims to present a design experience for an independent, affordable house with an approximate area of 180 square meters on a 300-square-meter plot. The design meets the functional needs of Libyan families, while respecting their social, cultural, and religious requirements, and aligns with municipal building regulations and the design requirements of the Libyan Building Code.
Keywords: Libyan housing, independent housing, design experience.
The Effect of Directed Listening Strategies on Enhancing Listening Proficiency Among Intermediate EFL Learners
Authors: Osman Hatim Mohamed Ahmed , Alkbiri Bayan Saleh Abdulrheem
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to reveal the effect of the Directed Listening strategy on developing listening skills among EFL Intermediate Stage Students. The researchers employed a quasi-experimental design with two groups, experimental and control groups. The study sample consisted of (44) third-grade intermediate school female students studying English as a foreign language. The control group included (22) students, while the experimental group comprised (22). The tool was a listening skills test designed from the English curriculum prescribed for third-grade intermediate students in Saudi Arabia. The study findings indicated that using the Directed Listening strategy significantly impacted learning listening skills (comprehending ideas, understanding the speaker's purpose, and extracting meaning) among third-grade intermediate school female students. Additionally, the Directed Listening strategy encourages students’ participation in designing educational activities, helping them connect prior knowledge with new information and predict expected new information from the text. The study recommended providing a suitable environment for implementing the Directed Listening strategy and organizing training programs for teachers to apply it effectively.
A Qualitative Analysis of the Socio-cultural Barriers to Intra-African Trade: Evidence from Nigerian Exporters
Authors: James Edim Eka , Mishra Rashmi , Varshney Deepika , Jamie Pepple, Grace , Eventus Bernard, Samuel
Published: December 2024

This study qualitatively analyzed the sociocultural barriers to intra-African trade, focusing on challenges faced by African businesses in cross-border markets, their impacts, and mitigation strategies. An exploratory case study design was adopted, using purposive and snowball sampling to select participants. Primary data were obtained through in-depth interviews with 10 members of the Association of Nigerian Exporters (ANE). Reflexivity and participant validation ensured research credibility, while Braun and Clarke’s reflexive thematic analysis framework guided data analysis, with thematic maps aiding interpretation. The findings identified five key sociocultural barriers substantially inhibiting intra-African trade: cultural complexity, corruption and bureaucratic obstacles, trust gaps, unhealthy rivalries, and business network challenges. These barriers contribute to miscommunication, failed negotiations, weakened consumer demand, failed partnerships, and increased operational costs for intra-African trade. These findings underscored that sociocultural factors play a pivotal role in shaping the success or failure of intra-African trade, highlighting the need for targeted strategies to address these barriers. In particular, they emphasized that cultural complexity hampers communication and negotiations, while corruption and bureaucratic obstacles erode trust and create inefficiencies. Trust gaps weaken partnerships, unhealthy rivalries hinder collaboration, and business network challenges limit market access and increase operational costs. Tackling these issues is crucial for improving trade efficiency and fostering stronger economic integration across the African continent.
analysis of grammatical errors in English speaking of Thai EFL Students
Authors: Sutakote Chayakorn
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the instances of grammar mistakes in the spoken English of Thai EFL university students. The research objectives were to compare the errors committed in lexical and sentence structure and their frequencies. The participants comprised 43 first-year English for Business Communication students learning General Listening and Speaking courses at the Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University. The data was gathered through recorded impromptu speeches on randomly assigned topics. The recordings were transcribed and then the data was analyzed using the Surface Strategy Taxonomy. The findings showed that there were 158 grammatical mistakes in total, and they are based on four main categories. Misformation errors were most prevalent, accounting for 69.62% of all errors, with subject-verb agreement (25.32%) and verb form (17.72%) errors being particularly common. Additional errors constituted 15.82%, omission errors 13.29%, and misordering errors 1.27% of the total. The most frequent subcategories were subject-verb agreement errors (25.32%), verb form misformation (17.72%), and tense misformation (12.66%). These results indicate that Thai EFL learners have considerable difficulties in utilizing appropriate grammatical structures in spoken English, and particularly verbs and agreements. The high frequency of misformation errors points to the fact that more focused instruction on problematic structures need to be addressed in lessons in contexts that convey meaningful communication. As such, it provides findings that could help plan specific instructional strategies and curriculum design for enhancing Thai students' spoken English proficiency.
Caecal Blow-Out – A Case Report
Authors: Nigam Vinod Kumar
Published: December 2024

Caecal blow-out is a rare phenomenon that occurs when there is a distal colonic obstruction, leading to the distension of caecum and ascending colon, which in turn thins the walls. If untreated, perforation of the caecum may result. We present here a rare case report of caecal blow-out secondary to distal colonic obstruction due to adenocarcinoma of the descending colon.
The Dynamics of Ethical Leadership Enhance Customer Orientation in a Competitive Marketplace
Authors: Nick Sehrish , Larry Cristina , Costa Eliana
Published: December 2024

Purpose: This study explores ethical leadership dynamics (humane, justice, and moderation leadership) that strengthen customer orientation (CO) under competition environments within Australia. This study seeks to deepen the understanding of how leadership behaviors affect CO at different stages of competitive intensity.Methods: A quantitative approach using survey data collected from 700 managers in a variety of industries in Australia. To test the hypotheses, structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed, as well as interaction analysis to assess competitive intensity as a moderator.Results: All three ethical leadership styles significantly promote CO, and moderation leadership is more significantly and positively related to CO than the other two leadership styles. The competitive intensity adds an extra layer to these effects, highlighting that competitive and dynamic contexts make leadership behaviors vital. Synergistic relationships among leadership styles, CO, and competitive intensity are illustrated in interaction plots.Novelty: Previous research examined mostly not all ethical leadership in isolation and this study integrates several ethical leadership styles to understand their collective and individual effects on CO. Moreover, this study expands understanding regarding the dynamics of leadership in the context of real-world competition by introducing competitive intensity as a contextual moderator.Implications: The study provides actionable insights for organizations seeking to develop customer-centric organizations. Leadership training programs should focus on ethical leadership behaviors, especially in highly competitive industries. On an academic front, this research fills the void in literature by showing the metanarrative of the role between ethical leadership styles and environmental aspects.
INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL E PREDIÇÃO DE DESFECHOS EM NEUROTRAUMA: AVANÇOS, DESAFIOS E PERSPECTIVAS FUTURAS
Authors: Dias Bruno Alves , Pereira Giulianna Luzia , Silva Vinicius Luiz De Sousa , Cuqui Guilherme Nicolau , Bozze Beatriz Biagioni Bertanha , Artioli Júlia Moreschi
Published: December 2024

Neurotrauma, encompassing traumatic brain and spinal injuries, remains one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide, posing significant challenges to clinical practice. Artificial intelligence (AI) emerges as a transformative tool, enabling more accurate diagnoses, personalized treatments, and real-time monitoring. This article reviews advances in AI applied to neurotrauma, exploring its applications in outcome prediction, medical imaging analysis, and physiological monitoring. However, technical challenges, such as data quality, algorithmic biases, and “black-box” models, hinder its widespread integration. Overcoming these obstacles requires the development of explainable AI and global data standardization. Future perspectives highlight the potential of accessible and ethical solutions capable of transforming clinical care and reducing health disparities.
O IMPACTO DA INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL NA TRANSFORMAÇÃO DA SAÚDE
Authors: Oliveira Erik Lucas Godoy de , Farina Renata Mirella , Florian Fabiana
Published: December 2024

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o impacto da inteligência artificial (IA) na área da saúde, abordando suas principais aplicações no diagnóstico, personalização de tratamentos, monitoramento de pacientes e gestão hospitalar, além de discutir os desafios éticos e sociais associados. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica, utilizando bases de dados como Google Acadêmico, SciELO, PubMed e bibliotecas virtuais, com seleção de livros, artigos, teses e sites. Os resultados evidenciam que a IA tem contribuído para diagnósticos mais precisos, terapias personalizadas e otimização de processos de saúde, mas enfrenta barreiras relacionadas à privacidade de dados, viés algorítmico e desigualdade de acesso. Conclui-se que a IA possui grande potencial transformador, desde que sua implementação seja ética, acessível e sustentável, garantindo benefícios equitativos para a sociedade.
Terapötik Şiddetin LGBT+ Boyutu
Authors: Hallaç Umut
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışma şiddet kavramından yola çıkarak terapötik şiddeti ele almış ve terapötik şiddetin farklı boyutlarının LGBT+ danışanlarına etkisini araştırmıştır. Terapötik şiddet kavramı çok boyutlu olduğu için konu genel hatlarıyla ele alınmış ve LGBT+ bağlamında terapötik şiddet konusu detaylandırılmıştır. Bu alanda yapılan çalışmalar incelendiğinde LGBT+ bireylere yönelik terapötik şiddet bağlamında psikolojik müdahalelerin etkinliğini değerlendiren herhangi bir çalışma bulunmadığı gibi, belirli bir danışma hizmeti veya terapi almış eşcinsel danışanların boylamsal takip çalışmalarına da rastlanmamıştır. Türkiye’de terapötik şiddetin LGBT+ boyutunu ve eşcinsel danışanlara etkilerini ele alan çalışmalar da yeterli değildir. Bu doğrultuda yapılacak araştırmalar, eşcinsel danışanlar bağlamında terapötik şiddeti yaratan faktörlerin biçimlerinin belirlenmesine, mevcut sonuçların ortaya konulmasına ve sonrasında gerekli önlemler üzerinde çalışılmasına katkı sağlayacaktır. Bu çalışmanın temel bulguları, terapistlerin tutum, bilgi ve uygulamalarının terapötik şiddeti hem yaratabileceği hem de azaltabileceği ve heteroseksüel olmayan dünyanın gerçekliğinin ve stereotiplerinin farkında olmaları gerektiğidir. Danışma hizmeti verenlerin bu alanda yeterli bilgiye sahip olması daha az önyargılı tutumlar sergilemesine ve daha az heteroseksüel varsayımlarda bulunmasına yol açabilir. Bununla birlikte, terapistlerin heteronormatif önyargılardan arınmış olmaları gerekmektedir. Terapötik şiddetin önüne geçmek için kurulacak terapötik ilişki, LGBT+ olmayan danışanlarda olduğu gibi LGBT+ danışanlarla da önemli bir faktörüdür. Terapötik sürecin, terapistlerin varsayımları ve tutumları tarafından nasıl gölgelendiği ayrı bir tartışma konusudur; terapistin LGBT+ danışanların eylemleri ve kararları hakkındaki örtük varsayımları ve tutumları çatışma yaratabileceği gibi terapötik etkinliği engelleyebilecek potansiyele sahiptir. Dolayısıyla terapist LGBT+ danışanları anladığını iddia ederken bunu varsayımlarıyla değil kuramsal bir yapıyla desteklemesi gerektiğini unutmamalıdır.
Coloured feeder balls and mirrors increase exploring behaviour in captive common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors:   Northumbria University, Nelsey Emily , Severino David P.C. ,   Tynemouth Aquarium, Wilson Sophie A. ,   Tynemouth Aquarium, Bell Ashleigh K. ,   Tynemouth Aquarium, Cuculescu-Santana Mirela ,   Northumbria University
Published: December 2024

The influence of visual enrichment on the behaviour and welfare of captive animals is still little studied for many species due to variations in ability to distinguish colours. Common marmosets make an interesting model of study because all males are dichromats and cannot distinguish red from green and only some females have trichromatic vision.
The behaviour of six common marmosets at Tynemouth Aquarium, UK (three males, three females) was monitored under standard structural and feeding enrichment conditions and in the presence of a mirror and 12 coloured puzzle feeder balls, with and without food, using continuous scan observation with one-zero recording rule (6 hrs/ condition). The number of interactions with each item was also recorded.
The relative frequency of exploring increased and that of social interaction decreased significantly in the presence of the new enrichment items. The mirror attracted around ten times more interest than any colour on days with empty feeder balls. However, the food-filled balls attracted up to five times more interest than the mirror, with the red, orange and pink balls tallying the largest number of interactions (555, 369 and 176, respectively) followed by the green (116), yellow (99) and blue (90) balls, suggesting the presence of trichromacy in at least one of the females in the group.
This study added to the existing evidence that mirrors and coloured puzzle feeder balls can provide additional cognitive stimulation and represent effective enrichment items for increasing exploring behaviour and possibly improving the welfare of captive New World primates.
TERRA, AGRO E FOME
Authors: Mendes Luciano Justino , Sousa Raimunda Aurea Dias de
Published: December 2024

A produção da fruticultura é um destaque no Polo de Juazeiro/BA e Petrolina/PE, o que tem possibilitado o crescimento da terra de negócio em detrimento à terra de trabalho.  Nesse sentido, a pesquisa consistiu em compreender que a terra à medida em que é utilizada pelo agro para negócio cuja finalidade é acumulação e lucro, deixa de realizar sua função social ao expropriar da agricultura familiar e camponesa a terra como condição de trabalho, alimentação e de vida. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto, traçou-se como percurso metodológico:Pesquisa bibliográfica com base em uma revisão qualitativa, consulta em sites relacionados ao conteúdo e coleta de dados estatísticos. Como resultado, percebeu-se que a insegurança alimentar é bastante intensa, especialmente, no Brasil e, contraditoriamente, há um fortalecimento da agricultura empresarial via aumento de produção de alimentos transgênicos e uso de agrotóxicos. Assim, conclui-se que o modelo de agricultura empresarial ou agronegócio dissemina o discurso da geração de emprego por conta da ampla produção, mas, na prática, expropria a riqueza produzida pelo trabalho uma vez que o mesmo é sem garantias, com jornada elevada e, muitas vezes, intermitentes ou sazonal.
ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO EM LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA
Authors: Bittencourt Ana Claudia Reis , Trindade Adinael Junhor Pereira da
Published: December 2024

O presente relatório compõe as exigências curriculares do Curso de Letras- Língua Portuguesa e apresenta o relato acerca do aprendizado adquirido ao longo da realização do estágio supervisionado. Trata-se da visão de uma estagiária sobre o que foi vivenciado por ela na Escola Estadual Profa. Renilda Silva Morais, situada na cidade de Rondonópolis, MT. O estágio é a primeira experiência que o discente em formação tem com seu futuro local de atuação, sendo uma etapa indispensável para sua formação como futuro profissional. A possiblidade de observar um profissional formado em exercício, permite-nos conhecer as turmas em que iremos estagiar e qual a melhor maneira de conduzir as aulas ao dar início a prática docente. Já a vivência do estágio na prática, permite lançar mão de tudo que foi aprendido nas aulas de graduação, bem como adquirir experiências não somente em sala de aula, mas também ter contato com o planejamento pedagógico e com funcionamento da escola, tornando-se essencial para a formação profissional como docente.
Estrategias para el uso sostenible del agua en la agricultura
Authors: Torres-Cobo Leyner Eduardo
Published: December 2024

The article addresses sustainable water management strategies in agriculture, a crucial issue given the growing demand for food and limited water resources. Advanced irrigation technologies and sustainable practices are reviewed, focusing on precision irrigation systems and integrated resource management. The methodology was based on a comprehensive literature review of irrigation technologies such as drip irrigation, with a focus on water scarcity aggravated by climate change. The results highlight the effectiveness of these technologies in reducing water consumption by up to 95%, while improving agricultural productivity. However, significant barriers are identified, such as high initial costs and lack of widespread adoption in rural areas. The discussion suggests that successful implementation of these strategies depends on a comprehensive approach that combines the use of modern technologies, effective public policies, and active farmer participation. It is concluded that, although challenges exist, the opportunities for improving water efficiency in agriculture are significant, especially through international cooperation and the implementation of nature-based solutions.
Strategies for Reducing Salt in Meat Products
Authors: Ercoşkun Hüdayi , Bayrakçeken Nişancı Fatma
Published: December 2024

Meat and meat products stand as pillars of nutrition, offering essential nutrients for a balanced diet. However, the high salt content in processed meat raises concerns regarding excessive sodium intake and its associated health risks, such as hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Addressing this issue necessitates reducing salt levels in processed meats while preserving their taste and quality. This article investigates the global and Turkish trends of elevated salt consumption, particularly driven by processed food intake. Given that meat products are significant contributors to dietary salt, various strategies have emerged to mitigate salt content without compromising flavor or quality. Through a comprehensive exploration of the health impacts of salt and innovative salt reduction methods in processed meat products, this article sheds light on the critical balance between health considerations and sensory preferences. By understanding and implementing effective salt reduction strategies, stakeholders can contribute to promoting healthier dietary habits without sacrificing the enjoyment and nutritional benefits of meat products.
Ardahan İlinin Coğrafi İşaret Potansiyelinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Demirci Leyla , Bozkurt Akif Göktuğ
Published: December 2024

Coğrafî İşaret (Cİ), belirli bir coğrafî kökene sahip olan ve bu kökenden kaynaklanan niteliklere veya itibara sahip olan ürünlerde kullanılan ayırt edici bir işarettir. Cİ’ler, bölgelerin kültürel mirasının ve geleneksel bilgilerinin korunmasında önemli bir rol oynamakta ve aynı zamanda yerel üreticilere ekonomik faydalar sağlamaktadır. Cİ genellikle tarım ürünleri, gıda maddeleri, şarap ve alkollü içecekler, el sanatları ve endüstriyel ürünler için kullanılır. Ürünler, Korumalı Menşe İsmi (PDO), Korumalı Coğrafî İşaret (PGI) ve Geleneksel Spesiyal Garantili (TSG) olarak farklı kategorilerde değerlendirilmektedir. Bu kavram dünyada, AB'de ve Türkiye'de çeşitli kanunlarla güvence altına alınmıştır. Türkiye’nin AB’de toplamda 21 ürünü tescil almış olup bunların 18 tanesi menşe işareti, 3 tanesi mahreç işareti almıştır. Ayrıca 8 adet kabul almış, 47 adet başvurusu yapılmış ürünü mevcuttur. Kabul alanların 5 tanesi menşe işaretli, 2 tanesi mahreç işaretli, 1 tanesi geleneksel ürün işaretlidir. Başvuru olanların ise 26 tanesi menşe işaretli, 17 tanesi mahreç işaretli, 4 tanesi geleneksel ürün işaretlidir. Ardahan ilinin de 6 tanesi menşe işaretli, 1 tanesi mahreç işaretli toplam 7 Cİ.’li ürünü mevcuttur. Bu çalışmamızda Ardahan ilinin kendine has mutfağı ve yöreden kaynaklanan lezzet potansiyeli değerlendirilecektir. Ayrıca Ardahan ilinin coğrafî işaretli ürünleri ve konu olabilecek ürün potansiyeli ortaya konmaya çalışılarak bu alandaki çalışmalara katkı sağlanması amaçlanmaktadır.
THE WORLD AT THE CROSSROADS OF SECURITY PROCESSES
Authors:   Director of the Eurasian Security Forum, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Kovac Mitar
Published: December 2024

The article discusses the basic aspects of security processes of disintegration
of states and integration processes in Europe and the Eurasian area. After the collapse
of the Warsaw Pact, NATO gradually continued its march to the East, causing
permanent crises and conflicts in many countries along the value line of division that
is imposed and established between individual countries in the Eurasian space during
the Ukrainian crisis. All the great powers of the modern world want to influence the
process of Eurasian integration and realize their interests in that part of the world. In
terms of human and natural resources, it is the central area of the world. Therefore,
the integration processes, conflicts and wars, which take place in the Eurasian space,
have a huge impact on global security. This conflict, in recent times, is representatively
reflected through the civil war in Ukraine, which in its course and with the direct and
indirect participation of the great powers will significantly define European security
and outline key solutions for global security in the future. A multipolar world is certain,
it is only a question of the cost and suffering of the people until it is accepted by the
influential power centers in the West.
50TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION AND THE SMALLPOX EPIDEMIC IN THE EX-YUGOSLAVIA: EXPERIENCES AND CHALLENGES IN THE NEW SECURITY ARCHITECTURE
Authors:   University of Defence in Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Ristanovic Elizabeta ,   Institute for Virology, Vaccines and Sera “Torlak“, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Gligic Ana ,   School of Engineering Management, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Al-Daheri M.B
Published: December 2024

In the shadow of the still actual COVID-19 pandemic, as well as all its
medical, scientific, economic, socio-psychological and geopolitical consequences, 50
years have passed since the smallpox epidemic in the former Yugoslavia. In this year
we are also celebrating the 50 th Anniversary of the signing of the Biological
Convention. Smallpox is a class A biological agent with potential aerosol transmissity,
high infectivity as well as relatively high fatality rate. That is exactly why it is extremely
important to remember the readiness and efficiency of the Yugoslav reaction in
suppressing this epidemic and all the controversies that followed it. Lessons from that
period can be still used today, half a century later, as a guide for the effective
preparation for the management in such situations. Unfortunately, biological weapons
are becoming more and more important in the modern hybrid wars, especially in the
time of great precomposition of the world, which is moving towards its multipolarity.
The power of microorganisms is clearer to everyone, especially in the context of the
opportunities that development in the field of biomedicine, molecular biology, bio- and
nanotechnology opens up in that context. The question of bioweapons becomes again
a subject of conflict between the great superpower. In relation to the 50th anniversary
of the signing of the Biological Convention, it is a real time for question of why an
independent international body under the auspices of the UN has not yet been
constituted to deal with the prevention of the proliferation and use of biological
weapons? Pandemics and epidemics will certainly occur in the future, because it is a
law of nature, a consequence of migration, climate change, but microorganisms can
certainly be misused as weapons in war and in the hands of terrorists. That is why it is
important to work on improving the capacity for prevention and response in such
situations. This primarily refers to the intelligence and security sector, but also
scientific and research resources, well-organized and prepared military and civilian
healthcare, the ABHO service, as well as the crisis response and communication
system. Lessons learned from previous epidemics - smallpox and COVID-19 should
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certainly be analyzed in detail and critically in order to enable the preparation of the
resurces for the more efficient and organized reaction in the event of the appearance
of such or even more dangerous pathogens.
Resistance Literature: History and Concept
Authors: Raziq Abdul , Sadiq Muhammad
Published: December 2024

The history of resistance is as old as the world itself. Man over the eons has stood against all adverse forces of nature. It is an indisputable fact that his thoughts and ideas have never remained frozen and he has always been in the quest to raise the standard of his life. In this journey he was encountered umpteenth time by the forces of adversaries but he never surrendered against them. Rather he drovepride by laying his life in his battle against evil and malevolent forces. The men of yonder times proudly narrated the tales of bravery and courage of their ancestors from one generation to the next. In true sense, these tales, anecdotes and ballads are what the concept of resistance in world literature evolved from. The current study has been done by using the secondary data i.e., retrieved from archives like books, research journals, web sources and interviews of various scholars.
E-Governance and Digital Service: Interrogating theCovid-19 Lesson for Nigeria Public Service Delivery
Authors: EGBERI Anthony Ejue
Published: December 2024

The study focuses on the need for the implementation of E-governance towards enhancing digital services as a nexus to have reduced the effect of Covid-19 on Nigeria public service delivery. Consequently, the paper posit that the cardinal channel for public service delivery in Nigeria which have been paper based transactions, bureaucracy, face-to-face contact couldn’t achieved much during the raging days of coronavirus. Public service delivery was near impossible due to the lockdown; there was a huge loss of man hour, income and revenue. Nations (Nigeria inclusive) suffered greatly as a result of the Covid pandemic infliction. In this context, the paper proposes the need for the government of Nigeria through her public service to embrace and implement e-governance to enable the provision of seamless, continuous and timely delivery of public services and marshal resources during times of disaster, pandemic or lockdown. Flowing from this, the paper extracts and examined the constitutive and apparent growing concern for the deployment of ICT vis-à-vis e-governance and digital services in developing nation’s public service especially in Nigeria. To investigate the topic of concern, the researcher used qualitative research method to investigate the problem and collected data from secondary sources. The paper raised a host of questions and made some policy prescriptions.
Role of Higher Education in Civic Learning: Perception of University Students
Authors: Zia-Ur-Rehman  , Naz Sadia
Published: December 2024

Citizenship is a vital aspect of higher education around the World. Universities are expected to cater the need of citizenship education to provide skilled and responsible management for the development of nation. However, there is too scarce research to make any claim about the views of university graduates concerning citizenship. Consequently, it was considered quite imperative to conduct a study to examine knowledge and practices of citizenship among university students. This study used a questionnaire and a sample of 1500 BS students from 15 private and public institutions in Pakistan to investigate the features of good social responsibility among university students. The results of the study (i.e. mean, percentage, and chi-square) revealed that students were strongly in favour to build up courtesy/morality, social responsibility, accountability/ critical thinking and patriotism. They have urged to contribute to society and provide services for human well beings; they were moderate, trustworthy and avoid discrimination. Majority of students honor property rights‟ and race; have firm faith in welfare of their motherland; possess good moral conduct and respect authority of rules. The development of citizenship as a crucial subject may be mandated by higher education institutions, and they may make every effort to support it using all resources available.
Self-Esteem as a Predictor of Mental Health Problems in People During Covid-19
Authors: Javaid Hafiza Saba , Tanveer Nawal , Shrafat Zunaira , Mumtaz Yousra
Published: December 2024

The study examines the relationship challenges that have arisen as a result of Coronavirus in households. The model is made up of 200 respondents from Faisalabad Pakistan. Self Esteem was inside and outside indicate mental health concerns between people throughout Covid and Self Esteem in general predict issues between people throughout the Corona virus pandemic, according to thestudy. Individuals in the sample ranged in age from 15 to 50 years old were selected for data collection. The predictive analysis was used and the investigation used a non-probability sampling technique. Researcher snatched up the broader public and in general, researchers aided specific family members in promoting the project. Researchers also built the model by working individually with them or soliciting requests from them after they expressed willingness to grant permission. The depression scale, self-esteem scale, and Buss Perry Aggression scale were among the tools used (BPAQ). Consequences showed that there is a strong link between self-esteem and how the Coronavirus affects people's mental health.
An Analysis of the Causes and Consequences of Youth Unemployment: A Case Study of District Swabi
Authors: Ali Majid , Ahmad Sareer , Hussain Sameed
Published: December 2024

Youth unemployment is a challenging issue facing the whole world. The focus of this study is to find out the causes and consequences of youth unemployment in District Swabi. Primary data were used and collected through a well-designed questionnaire from 120 respondents. For data analysis, simple frequencies and percentage methods were used. The finding of the study showed that 31.67% of respondents were unemployed due to a low level of education, 23.33% of respondents were unemployed due to low salary, 17.5% of respondents were unemployed due to no approach (sefarish), 14.17% of respondents were unemployed due to lack of skills and 13.33% respondents were unemployed. 36.67% of respondents agreed that due to unemployment crimes increases, 24.17% of respondents said that due to unemployment drug abuse increases, 15.83% of respondents said that due to unemployment nepotism, and favoritism arises, 95% of respondents agreed that unemployment affects social life and create tension. 89.17% of respondents agreed that unemployment affects health. The causes of the high growth rate of unemployment are low-level education, the high growth rate of population, poverty, lack of capital, lack of proper skills, and favoritism in the selection process. Therefore, the present study recommended that a proper plan and mechanism is crucial for controlling the high growth of the population, increasing job opportunities, providing credit facilities for self-employment, providing proper skills, and controlling corruption to reduce unemployment in the study.
Asymmetric Analysis of Exchange rate Volatility and Stability in Money Demand in the USA: An ARDL Approach
Authors: Ahmad Sareer , Noureen Shaista , Ali Majid , Usman Muhammad
Published: December 2024

The main focus of this study is the asymmetric relationship between volatility in the exchange rate and demand for money in United State. Data was used from 1990 Q1 to 2020 Q1 to conduct this research. The study uses a nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag technique to derive empirical estimates from selected sample data. Although the rate of exchange is regarded as a fundamental predictor of demand for money in the literature, there is insufficient empirical data to support this claim. We split the exchange rate into two strands in this analysis, positive (appreciation) and negative (depreciation) values, and we find that changes in the rate of exchange (EXR) affected asymmetrically the demand for money in United State. Furthermore, our findings show that when the US dollar appreciates, US citizens expect the dollar to appreciate even more, so they hold more US dollars. When the US dollar depreciates, the negative coefficients of exchange rate depreciation indicate that they continue to demand more US dollars. Rather than expecting additional deterioration, the impact of the wealth effect, and when the value of far-off assets held by US citizens’ increases in the US dollar, US citizens now want more US dollars to finance their rising consumption.
Supreme Judicial Council: Functions, Prospects, and Challenges
Authors: Ruqia  , Yiling Chen , Khan Hashmat Ullah
Published: December 2024

The accountability of officials including judges is of prime importance. Therefore, every constitution provides a constitutional body responsible for hearing references against judges of the superior judiciary. Why Supreme Judicial Council is needed, what are its functions, and what are the challenges it has been facing in its proceedings? are the main questions to be answered in this study. Supreme Judicial Council is a constitutional body to hear references and can remove the judges of the superior judiciary on the grounds, if the judge concerned is unable to perform his duties, violate the code of conduct, or is guilty of misconduct. The Council may start proceedings against a judge either by its own initiative or by reference forwarded by the President of Pakistan. It examines the charges and submits its finding and recommendations to the President of Pakistan. Since its creation, it has initiated references against many judges but there are only a few cases where it has removed a judge because it is composed of the judges of the same superior judiciary. The feeling of fellowship influences the decisions of the Council. How functionality can be improved? To improve the functionality of the Supreme Judicial Council, a strict mechanism of check and balance by the executive and legislature over the council is needed. By strengthening the rule of law, open trial, and elimination of fellowship feelings can also improve its function and role and can overcome the challenges.
Shifting to Virtual Learning: Exploring the Efficiency of YouTube for Educational Learning During Covid-19
Authors: Ullah Ubaid , Khan Sajjad , Ahmad Tufail
Published: December 2024

In the Covid-19, learning trends shifted to online media. The study aimed to explore the efficiency of YouTube for academic purpose. Study was survey based and data was collected from YouTubers who used YouTube for their academic purpose. Using purposive sample technique, data was collected from 182 individuals who used YouTube for the educational purpose. Findings of the study revealed that online media especially YouTube found more effective tool of academic leaning among the public during Covid-19. The study concluded that advancement of technology has proved more effective for learning during the institutional closure during the pandemic.
Portrayal of Women in Pakistani Dramas and its Impact on Pakistani Society and Culture
Authors: Tabassum Iqra , Amin Salman
Published: December 2024

Everyone knows the impotence of television and its content to us. We cannot deny the fact that TV dramas affect our lives in many ways. Pakistani entertainment channels e.g., PTV, ARY Digital and HUM TV are major channels that telecast various drama serials having a huge impact on women and men life and playing a great role in showing various cultural aspects. So, to examine the effect of dramas on behavior and mindset of women and men, a sample size of 100 women and men was selected to investigate the objectives of the study. Study was conducted in Foundation University Islamabad, Rawalpindi Campus. The study concluded that these TV channels are more likely to blur our Islamic values and are encouraging the great number of men to divorce women and most importantly portraying the negative image of women. Such content affecting people’s mentality negatively and fading true cultural values of Pakistani.
Impact of Climate Change on Electricity Consumption: A Case Study of Pakistan
Authors: Javed Farhan , Parwana
Published: December 2024

Climate changes may have serious consequences worldwide and may affect many communities across the globe. Pakistan is one of the countries which has been severely affected by variations in climate. These climate changes have hit all sectors of the economy especially the energy. In this background, the object of the present analysis was to find the effect of “climate change” on “electricity consumption” in Pakistan. To analyze the results, researchers collected annually data of Pakistan from 1971-2017. The study reviewed the trend of climate variation for the last few decades. For estimation, the data have been taken from World Development Indicators (WDI), Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) and Climate Knowledge Portal World Bank Group. By using ARDL model, and taking data on annual basis, the nexuses between dependent and independent variables has been found. The study revealed significant results and recognized that climate have a substantial impact on nation’s energy demand. According to the results it is suggested that the government should take measures to overcome the crises and make strategic policies which can turn the crises into opportunities for bringing around structural changes in long run in the economy and in the society.
Effects of Covid-19 Pandemic on the Nigerian Populace: Focusing Short and Long Term Effects on Economy and Health System
Authors: Ali Mustapha Alhaji , Liberty Fatima Shehu
Published: December 2024

The implications of the Covid-19 pandemic on Nigerians in the short and long term, with an emphasis on the Nigerian economy and health system, were examined in this research. The study was based on an examination of several articles from journals, newspapers, and periodicals, as well as chapters from books and reports. Historically, Covid-19 began in China in 2019 before spreading to other parts of the world, including Nigeria. The disease's spread not only in Asia but also other parts of the world rapidly. In this study, the researchers collected secondary data from various credible sources to evaluate the effects of covid-19 on economy and health system of Nigeria. Study found that “total lockdown, border closures, stay-at-home policies, social distancing, avoidance of mass gatherings, closure of educational institutions and places of work significant impact on Nigeria's economy and health system. “The study suggests that in order to prevent the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic, individuals, institutions, communities, local and national governments, and international entities should implement public health and safety measures to restrict the spread of COVID-19. Individuals should vaccinations properly to limit covid-19 transmission.
The Effects of Multilateral and Bilateral Aid on Economic Growth in Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Bilal , Javed Farhan , Ahmad Ijaz
Published: December 2024

This research work intends to estimate the effects of bilateral as well as multilateral aid on economic growth in the case of Pakistan. For this purpose, the study has been used annual data from 1985 to 2015. Our dependent variable is economic growth and the model is including Labor Force, Net Gross Capital Formation, Bilateral and Multilateral aid as explanatory variables. The study objective is to find out that either bilateral or multilateral aid effect the country’s economic growth.  In empirical exercise first use Unit Root test to check for the stationarity of the data, and then the Johnsen Co-integration approach and Error Correction Model have used to estimate long run and short run parameter estimates of the model. Finally, in diagnostic test the LM test for serial correlation and the CUSUM and CUSUM Square test have used to check the parameters stability in model. In results, we found that multilateral and bilateral have negative relationship with the economic growth and their coefficient are (-0.15, -0.33) percent respectively. However, it means that if there is 1% percent increase in the multilateral and bilateral aid it will decrease the economic growth by -0.15% and -0.33% respectively. Similarly, the labor force and Net Capital Formation has positive relationship with dependent variable (economic growth) and their coefficient are (4.52, 0.61) percent respectively. It also means that if there is 1% increase in labor force and Net Gross capital Formation it will enhanced the economic growth by 4.52% and 0.61% respectively.