bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of rumen digesta supplementation enriched with different feedstuffs on feed quality and cattle performances
Authors: Hermawan A , Ambarsari I , Kurnianto H
Published: March 2022

Rumen digesta disposal from slaughterhouses is a significant problem due to causes environmental pollution. However, it is valuable waste that is potent to use as a supplement on animal diet considering its rich in nutrients. Moreover, additional natural substances on rumen digesta improved feed efficiency. Thus, this research aimed to evince the effectiveness of rumen digesta supplementation enriched with natural sources for enhancing the quality of animal diet and cattle performance. The study was conducted on a cattle farm of Ngablak, Magelang Regency. Four formulations of rumen digesta were fed to five male cattle (Holstein-Friesian crossbred) in a completely randomized experimental design, namely: (1) RCS: rumen digesta enriched with cassava leaves, (2) RKD: rumen digesta enriched with moringa leaves and soybean powder, (3) RKC: rumen digesta enriched with moringa leaves and cassava chips, (4) RKS: rumen digesta enriched with moringa leaves and milk. The rumen digesta were processed through anaerobic fermentation for 21 days, then mixed with other feedstuff components, including rice straws, grasses, rice bran, molasses, table salts, and commercial mineral. The utilization of RKS rumen digesta resulted in the best nutritional value of feed indicated by high crude protein (10.24% DM), lipid (3.37% DM), and crude fiber (28.5% DM). Moreover, feeding cattle with the RKS diet significantly gained the cattle body weight up to 1.24 kg/day.
An assessment of mass production and nutrient composition of Black Soldier Fly Maggot on different agriculture by-product to fermented growth media
Authors: Mirwandhono R E , Sepriadi S , Wahyuni T H , Lestari A
Published: March 2022

Black Soldier Fly (BSF) maggot is an eco-friendly alternative for animal feedstuff and its growth and development is impacted by a substrate nutrient. Therefore, this study aims to determine the production and nutrient composition of BSF (Hermetia illucens) maggots using different fermented growth media from agriculture by-products. The study adopted a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments with 4 replications. The treatments include P0 = 100% Fermented Rice Bran, P1 = 50% each of Fermented Coconut by-product and Rice Bran, P2 = 50% each of Fermented Tofu by-product and Rice Bran, P3 = 50% each of Fermented Palm Kernel Meal and Rice Bran, P4 = 25% each of Fermented Rice Bran, Coconut by-product, Fermented Tofu by-product, and Palm Kernel Meal. The results showed a significant difference in BSF maggot production in each treatment because of the media nutrient content. Therefore, the quantity is influenced by the quality and amount of the maggot growing media. Also, the protein content and the production in the P4 treatment have the highest values of 19.26% and 831.50g, respectively.
Identification of Newcastle Disease case on Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan (KUB) and Sentul Terseleksi (SenSi) chicken in Ungaran Research and Assessment Installation for Agricultural Technology
Authors: Hayati R N , Prasetianti D , Astuti F D , Subiharta S
Published: March 2022

Newcastle Disease (ND) is a common avian disease that attacks native chickens by causing respiratory problems, thereby leading to a high mortality rate of about 60% per year and economic losses in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the prevalence of ND in Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan (KUB) and Sentul Terseleksi (SenSi) chickens which was conducted from March to June 2021, on their cages at the Ungaran Research and Assessment Installation for Agricultural Technology. The total number of 20 serum KUB and SenSi chicken samples were collected, with 25% KUb A cages, 50% KUB B cages, and 25% SenSi cages. Each chicken’s serum was analyzed for inhibition of hemagglutination (HI) to determine antibody titers against ND. The average antibody titer is expressed as a log2 value. The HI test results indicated that the KUB A cage, KUB B cage, and SenSi cage all contained positive ND antibodies. In the KUB A, KUB B, and the SenSi cages, the average ND antibody titer are 2 log 2, 0.8 log 2, and 2 log 2 respectively. In conclusion, the prevalence of ND antibodies is 100% in KUB and SenSi hens. The ND infection was not described in all chicken cages because the prior vaccine provided a limited level of protection.
Quality of semen frozen in medium containing glycerol with different levels: A study of Palu fat-tailed sheep raised in the tropics
Authors: Rusiyantono Y , Wumbu I , Rusdin R
Published: March 2022

Palu Fat-Tailed Sheep (Palu-FTS) is a native animal of Palu with high adaptability to tropical environment, but its population is limited. Therefore, this study aims to determine the semen quality of Palu-FTS, which was frozen using different glycerol levels in a basic medium containing Ringer lactate, egg yolk tris citrate, fructose, and antibiotics. The activities were carried out in two stages, the first stage was to find the best medium for diluting semen using different egg concentrations. Meanwhile, in the second stage, the best medium was used as a diluent to freeze the samples along with successive addition of different glycerol concentrations, namely K1 3%, K2 6%, and K3 9%. Statistical analysis showed that the addition of egg yolks to 9% diluent medium had a significant difference compared to the other treatments of 3% and 6%. The mean percentage analysis of Palu-FTS spermatozoa motility before freezing also revealed that there was a significant difference (P<0.05) between the control and the treatment groups, which indicates that adding 3%, 6%, and 9% egg yolks maintained the sperm motility. However, no difference was observed (P>0.05) between P1, P2, and P3 treatments, but P3 had the highest value of 83b± 0,236 compared to P2 and P1 with 82±0,562 and 79±0,416, respectively. The viability percentage analysis of sperm before the freezing showed that there was a significant difference (P<0.05) between control and treatment P1, P2, and P3, but no difference was observed (P>0.05) between the 3 treatments of 84±0,514, 85±0,234, and 87±0,354, respectively. Statistical analysis of the sperm’s viability percentage also showed that there was a significant difference (P<0.05) between the treatments, but no difference (P>0.05) between P2 and P3. Meanwhile, P2 had the highest motility rate, which indicates that the right concentration of glycerol was used as a cryoprotectant. Based on the results, the addition of glycerol as a cryoprotectant protected spermatozoa during the freezing process, consequently, the supply of superior Palu-FTS was maintained in the tropics.
Characteristics of body weight and measurement of Peranakan Ongole and Brahman cattle in the tropics
Authors: Bramastya T A , Sukaryo S , Dhiaurridho M I , Riyanto J , Volkandari S D , Sudrajad P , Cahyadi M
Published: March 2022

Peranakan Ongole (PO) and Brahman are beef cattle breeds that are well-adapted to the tropics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth traits of PO and Brahman, therefore, a total of 70 cows raised in Balai Pembibitan Ternak Unggul-Hijauan Pakan Ternak (BPTU-HPT) Sembawa were selected. Subsequently, body weight and length, withers and waist height, as well as chest girth were measured at birth, 105 and 205 days, 1, 1.5, and 2 years of age. Statistical analysis using an independent sample t-test was carried out to distinguish growth traits between PO and Brahman. The results revealed that they were significantly different (P<0.05). PO had a larger body size than Brahman, particularly in terms of the withers height at 105 days, 1 and 2 years, chest girth at a year, and waist height at 105 and 205 days, 1, 1.5, and 2 years. Conversely, Brahman showed better traits than PO in terms of body weight and withers height at birth, weaning and body weight at 2 years, and average daily gain (ADG) at 205 days, 1.5, and 2 years.
The effect of BCS, PPM, S/C and days open on the calving interval of dairy cows at PT. Ultra Peternakan Bandung Selatan
Authors: Mawarni Y I , Riyanto J , Pramono A
Published: March 2022

The calving interval is a key factor in the dairy industry that determines overall milk production and heavily influences management and the environment. This study aims to determine the effect of body condition score (BCS), post-partum mating (PPM), service per conception (S/C), and days open (DO) on calving interval (CI) for dairy cows at PT. Ultra Peternakan Bandung Selatan (UPBS). A total of 99 Friesian Holstein samples were used during their fourth lactation period. The reproduction traits were collected from the UPBS dataset. A linear regression analysis was carried out to evaluate the effect reproduction traits of CI. Furthermore, CI was used as the dependent variable (Y), while BCS, PPM, S/C, and DO were used as the independent (X). The result showed that BCS, PPM S/C, and DO significantly influenced CI (P<0.05). The regression equation obtained in Y = 244,243 – 13,710 X1 + 1,202 X2 + 12,563 X3 + 0,730 X4 + e with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 92,8%. It was concluded that BCS, PPM, S/C, and DO affected the CI of dairy cows at the PT. UPBS.
Reproductive performance of female buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in Karanganyar Regency, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Nurhadiyanto L , Yanti Y , Riyanto J , Dewanti R , Wati A K , Pawestri W
Published: March 2022

Buffalo is a ruminant animal that has the ability to digest the high content of crude fiber feed. Furthermore, agricultural waste such as rice straw is a common buffalo feed in Indonesia, with high crude fiber content, helping farmers manage their agricultural waste. Despite the high availability of rice straw, buffalo population decreases in some areas in Indonesia. This study further aims to determine the reproductive performance of female buffalo in smallholder farms in Karanganyar Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The research was conducted in April-August 2021 in Colomadu, Kerjo, Jumantono, Kebakkramat, and Karanganyar Districts. A survey method was used, whereby samples were collected through the census with 9 respondents with female buffalo that had given birth at least 2 times. The data obtained were then analyzed using descriptive and quantitative analysis in the form of mean and standard deviation. As a result, the value of service per conception (s/c), gestational length and days open (DO), as well as calving interval (CI) were 1.33±0.5, 297.7±38.8 days, 120.9±30.3 days 418, and 56±35.6 days, respectively. Therefore, it is concluded that the reproductive performance of female buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) on smallholder farms in Karanganyar Regency, Central Java, Indonesia is in good condition.
The consumer preferences for processed meat products based on choice brand priorities
Authors: Muzayyanah M A U , Triatmojo A , Guntoro B
Published: March 2022

Processed animal protein is typically preferred over fresh livestock products for consumption because it is more stable and environmentally friendly when stored over a long period. Therefore, this preliminary study aimed to determine consumer preferences for processed meat products based on consumer choice brand priorities. The consumers were asked to select three preferred processed meat product brands, including sausage, corned beef, meatballs, nuggets, and meat floss, as well as the primary reason for their selection. The study included 450 meat consumers who were selected by purposive sampling. Subsequently, descriptive statistics and Chi-Square analysis were used to determine the preferences among the three product selections. The results showed that the three main preferences of consumers in selecting processed meat products were based on taste, quality, and price in that order. Consumers preferred and selected products with superior taste and quality but were more likely to consider price as the priority decreased. Therefore, the ability to understand consumer preferences plays a key role in developing a sustainable product since cost is not considered a primary concern.
The perception of the farmer on dairy cooperative feed mill logistics service using customer satisfaction index (CSI) and importance-performance analysis (IPA)
Authors: Nuraina N , Hamidah A N , Despal D , Taufik E
Published: March 2022

A good logistics service performance in the dairy feed mill increases farmer benefits and reduces negative environmental effect. Therefore, this study aims to measure the effectiveness of logistics services quality in dairy cooperative feed mill using the customer satisfaction index (CSI) method and important performance analysis (IPA) to enhance performance quality in achieving sustainable business processes. This was conducted in Lembang Districts, West Java, Indonesia, with 150 farmer members of the cooperative as respondents. Then, a total of 100 questionnaires that is suitable with the analysis criteria were used. The CSI method was used to determine farmers’ perception of the logistics service performance and the IPA was adopted for selecting the attributes that need improvement. The result showed a CSI value of 71.05%, which falls under the satisfied category and the IPA diagram showed that the responding rate toward farmers’ demand and employees’ willingness to help was in quadrant II. Conclusively, the logistics service in the cooperative is effective to fulfil farmer needs. Furthermore, some attributes in quadrant II are useful recommendations for improving the logistics service quality.
The effect of Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan (KUB) chicken innovation characteristics toward the development of farmers perceptions in South Sumatra
Authors: Masito M , Putra A R S , Andarwati S
Published: March 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of five variables characteristic of KUB chicken innovation, including relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, and observability, on farmers’ perceptions in developing KUB chickens. It consists of four farmer groups in Cereme Taba Village, Lubuk Linggau City. The determination of the study location was taken purposively based on the consideration that Lubuk Linggau City was used for the development of KUB chickens. The study method used descriptive quantitative analysis to obtain 95 members of the farmer groups as respondents. Furthermore, the variables studied were the innovation characteristics and farmers’ perceptions measured by a mathematical model using the score category of each variable and the SIM (Successive Interval Method) program. The results showed that the farmers’ perceptions of the five variables were included in the agree category. It obtains positive support from respondents by looking at the advantages of implementing a technology package on the development of KUB chickens. From an environmental aspect, the development of KUB chickens can reduce household and market waste, especially vegetable waste used as a source of chicken feed. Waste reduction has a positive impact on environmentally friendly pollution.
Community empowerment through development of biogas installation with fixed dome plant technology in Kenteng Village, Nogosari District, Boyolali Regency
Authors: Emawati S , Swastike W , Saputro I N , Sari A I
Published: March 2022

Kenteng Village has the potential for beef development due to its high cattle population. However, cow dung waste produced by farmers has not been optimally used, hence its additional benefits have not contributed to the community’s economy. This has also led to environmental pollution due to improper waste management. Therefore, empowerment efforts are needed to improve farmers’ knowledge and skills in managing livestock manure to increase their income and create environmentally friendly conditions through training activities on the manufacture of organic bio-slurry fertilizer as well as maintenance and construction of biogas installations using fixed dome plant technology. Furthermore, the training was held from August 15-September 26, 2021, in Kenteng Village, Nogosari District, Boyolali Regency. The empowerment program is implemented through Focus Group Discussion (FGD), extension, training, demonstration plots on the production technology of organic fertilizer and biogas for fuel production. Materials used in producing the fertilizer include slurry obtained from biogas waste and agricultural lime/dolomite. The dome plant constructed contains a digester with 6 main parts, namely inlet, reactor, gas reservoir, outlet, gas transport system and compost pits for degassed animal manure/bio-slurry. The training result shows an increase in farmers’ knowledge and skills on the application of bio-slurry organic fertilizer production technology and the construction of biogas installations as a fuel producer. There was also an increase in their income, which improved their standard of living. Conclusively, the community in Kenteng Village was more empowered by the existence of a biogas installation development program.
The influence of social capital on the small-holders empowerment of livestock farming in Sragen Regency
Authors: Rahayu E T , Suwarto S , Anantanyu S , Sugiharjo S
Published: March 2022

The empowerment of smallholders is part of sustainable agricultural development to increase production. This study aims to identify the characteristics of beef cattle farmers and social capital, and also to determine the effect of social capital on the empowerment of smallholder beef cattle farmers in Sragen Regency. The study was conducted in June 2021 in Plupuh District by using purposive sampling method to determine the location and the respondents. The number of respondents was 100 smallholders who had at least 1 year of experience in raising beef cattle. Data were collected through direct interviews with the smallholders and were analyzed descriptively by using multiple linear regression analysis together with the F test and R2 test in order to determine the effect of social capital on empowerment. The results showed that most of the respondents had a low level of education, and the majority of the respondents’ occupations were laborers. It also showed that the respondents had a side job as a smallholder and the status of livestock ownership was their own. Subsequently, the regression analysis obtained Y = 4.517 – 0.525X1 + 0.617X2 +0.153X3 - 0.186X4 + 0.550X5 and it is interpreted that all social capital variables consisting of willingness, openness, encouragement, activeness, and participation simultaneously affect the empowerment of beef cattle smallholders. In the coefficient of determination test (R2), the results obtained is 0.321 which implied that the social capital variable had an influence of only 32.1% on the empowerment of beef cattle smallholders, while the remaining 67.9% was influenced by other variables not included in this study. Therefore, it was concluded that social capital only had an effect of 32.1% on the empowerment of livestock smallholders.
Public acceptance of livestock biogas technology as an environmentally friendly alternative energy
Authors: Sari A I , Suwarto  , Suminah  , Purnomo S H
Published: March 2022

The development and utilization of livestock manure biogas technology as an alternative energy source can solve supply problems and contamination of the environment. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence public acceptance of livestock manure biogas technology. It was conducted in Boyolali Regency, with a livestock population of 86,363 dairy and 86,988 beef cattles, hence, the potential for biogas raw materials was high. Moreover, the respondents were 61 people who have used livestock manure biogas, while the method used was descriptive quantitative, with survey data collection techniques. The data were analyzed descriptively along with the multiple linear regression test. The results showed that the acceptance of biogas technology by the community was very high with an average acceptance score of 4.35. Based on the F-test results, the variables of motivation, farmer experience, livestock number, income level, the intensity of counseling, and access to information simultaneously affect biogas acceptance, while the t-test results showed that biogas acceptance is partially influenced by motivational variables, livestock number, intensity of extension, and access to information. Therefore, it was concluded that public acceptance of biogas is influenced by motivational factors, livestock number, intensity of counseling, and access to information.
The effect of live maggot (Hermetia illucens) supplementation on organoleptic quality and yolk color of duck egg
Authors: Gunawan Aam
Published: March 2022

Black soldier fly (BSF) maggot is a biological agent that can solve the problem of converting organic waste into biomass for poultry feed as well as fertilizers. Although live maggot supplementation in ducks functions as cheap feeds, it raises significant concerns because it can affect egg quality, changing the taste and odor. Therefore, this study aims to determine the organoleptic quality of duck eggs fed with live maggot (Hermetia illucens) using 120 Alabio ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) placed in postal cages. It was conducted using a completely randomized design with a 2×2 factorial pattern to investigate the effect of two independent factors, namely protein level at 15% and 21%, as well as the concentration of live maggot supplementation given at 0 and 40 g/bird/day. The texture, flavor, and odor were tested using 67 moderately trained panelists, while the yolk color was determined using an egg yolk color fan, then the data obtained were analyzed for variance. The results showed that the protein level of the diet significantly affected the yolk’s texture and odor, but not the flavor and color. Furthermore, an interaction occurred between the protein level of the diet with the live maggot supplementation on the texture. Based on the results, Alabio ducks fed with a high protein diet namely 21% plus 40 g/bird/day live maggots produced eggs with a soft texture, good flavor, fishy odor, and the highest average color score of 8.69 compared to other treatment combinations.
Determination of tetracycline residues in dairy milk powder and fresh dairy milk by HPLC method
Authors: Widiastuti R , Anastasia Y
Published: March 2022

Tetracycline residues are group of antibiotics found in animal products such as dairy milk. In this study, the occurrence of tetracycline residues in 45 dairy milk powder and 24 fresh dairy milk samples have been investigated. Tetracycline residue were extracted from milk samples using McIlvine buffer and purified with a solid phase extraction (SPE) C18 column. Residues were detected through HPLC-PDA at wavelengths of 355 and 368 nm. Three forms of tetracyclines were discovered in the 45 milk powder samples, namely; oxytetracycline (31.75 ng/g), tetracycline (28.02 ng/g) and chlortetracycline (10.55 ng/g). The results of 24 fresh dairy milk samples, on the other hand, revealed that only one form of tetracycline (i.e., oxytetracycline) was detected with concentrations ranging from 6.67 to 10.19 ng/g. Although the low incidence and concentration levels of tetracycline contamination in all samples analysed were not alarming, regular monitoring is recommended to avoid any negative public health consequences.
In vitro use metabolism of Pediococcus pentosaceus Strain N6 as alternative to natural antibiotics in broiler
Authors: Ketaren N Br , Yurnaliza Y , Priyani N
Published: March 2022

The continuous use of antibiotics and inappropriate doses in broilers results in antibiotic residues, thus leading to health problems. An example of LAB that can be used as an antibiotic alternative is the Pediococcus pentosaceus isolate Strain N6. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effectiveness of metabolic antimicrobials produced by the isolates of Pediococcus pentosaceus Strain N6. The method used was an in vitro test consisting of several phases including the test of supernatant antimicrobial activity with pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium and E. coli); the test for acidic conditions, bile salts, tolerance to gastric juice, sensitivity to antibiotics, and proteolytic enzymes. The results showed that the antimicrobial activity of the supernatant against Salmonella typhimurium and E. coli bacteria was 15 mm and 18 mm, respectively. This activity is found to be tolerant to acidic conditions, such as pH 2, at 0.5% bile salt concentration, as well as gastric juice, and also sensitive to penicillin, streptomycin, and proteolytic enzymes. Furthermore, the metabolism of an isolate is a useful alternative for antibiotics in chickens.
Origin and phylogenetic analysis of Pasundan cattle based on D-loop of Mitochondrial genome
Authors: Salimah I , Agung P P , Said S , Farajallah A , Perwitasari D
Published: March 2022

Pasundan cattle is one of the native Indonesian species and molecular data is needed to further generate historical and ancestral information about cattle breeds. Therefore, to understand the maternal inheritance and phylogeny of Pasundan cattle, the nucleotide sequence of the D-loop region was analyzed. The DNA samples were collected from the Research Center for Biotechnology, BRIN, Cibinong, Indonesia. The phylogenetic tree reconstruction was analyzed using the Neighbor-joining method based on Kimura 2 Parameters. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, the Pasundan cattle showed two clusters, namely Bos indicus and Bos javanicus CERZA. Furthermore, the result showed that they originated from two maternal lineages and native cattle in Indonesia, including Madura cattle.
The sensitivity status of Aedes aegypti from South Sumatra against several insecticides
Authors: Ninditya V I , Hamid P H , Nurcahyo R W , Widayanti R
Published: March 2022

Climate change has been proven to increase the vectorial capacity of disease carrying-arthropods, including Aedes aegypti, a crucial vector of several arthropod-borne viral diseases that affect humans all over the world. The control of mosquitoes is mostly performed through the use of chemical based-insecticides. However, the viability of this method has become a topic of debate, for instance, the continuous use of these chemicals tends to cause insecticide resistance. This study, therefore, aims to investigate the resistance of Aedes aegypti from South Sumatra to several insecticides. Several A. aegypti eggs were collected and reared until they became adult mosquitoes. Subsequently, the mosquitoes were subjected to insecticide susceptibility tests, using six different insecticides: 5% malathion, 0.05% deltamethrin, 0.75% permethrin, 0.05% lambda-cyhalothrin, 0.1% bendiocarb, and 0.15% cyfluthrin, based on the WHO protocol, for 24 hours of exposure. The results showed that the average mortality rate for 5% malathion, 0.05% deltamethrin, 0.75% permethrin, 0.05% lambda-cyhalothrin, 0.1% bendiocarb, and 0.15% cyfluthrin were 100%, 30.63%, 26.06%, 51%, 64.16% and 75.87%, respectively. Therefore, Aedes aegypti were concluded to be highly sensitive to 5% malathion.
Establishment of a model house of community-energy for sustainable agriculture. A case study of Tan Phu Thanh Village, Hau Giang Province in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta
Authors: Huu Chiem Nguyen , Cong Thuan Nguyen , Duy Can Nguyen , Van Cong Nguyen , Sy Nam Tran , Duc Thanh Tran , Thi Diem Huynh , Shiratori Yusuke , Fujimoto Tokihiko
Published: March 2022

This paper outlines the prerequisites and process of establishing of a community-based energy centre for sustainable agriculture practices in a rural village in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. The centre was constructed by community consensus building and consisted of two main components including a community house and a community-biogas production system. The community house acts as a place where local people organize community activities such as traditional festivals and the production local products for local markets as well as community tourism. The community-biogas production system consists of a 41,6 m3 large biogas digester. The digester utilizes collected bio-degraded organic wastes from the local households and waste from animal husbandry as well as additional available green biomass such as water hyacinth. Methane produced will be used for cooking activities at the centre and delivered to the households in the community. Local people have contributed their own labours to build and manage the community-energy centre. Capacity building for the community is supported by experts of universities in both Vietnam and Japan. The community further intents to self-organize themselves to earn benefits through sustainable agricultural production such as planting organic vegetable and fruit trees, animal and fish raising, etc. This model is the first step in promoting the village as the “the most beautiful village” to clean up and promote environmental and sustainable technologies in the village. Furthermore, it is also a good option for inclusion in upgrading criteria for new rural development issued by Vietnamese government.
Community Public Open Space Planning Based on Green Infrastructure with the Priority of Biodiversity
Authors: Gong Cong , Hu Changjuan
Published: March 2022

Maintaining and restoring urban biodiversity is one of the basic functions of green infrastructure. Starting from the ecological problems of community public open space and the insufficiency of traditional planning methods, the biodiversity of green infrastructure attempts to be integrated into public open space planning in community-scale. After discussing the research on the combination of community public open space and green infrastructure based on biodiversity, ‘the interconnections between green infrastructures’ is the key to achieving both benefits at the same time. Finally, taking Nanjing Xinjiekou Street in China as an example, the renewal planning method of community public open space on the priority of biodiversity is elaborated and corresponding suggestions are put forward. In a word, the reasonable planning and layout of community green infrastructure based on biodiversity can make up for the disadvantages of traditional planning and renewal methods of public open space to a certain extent, solve the ecological and social problems of public open space, and realize the symbiosis of people and nature in community.
Improving the Performance of Baker’s Yeast-powered MFCs by Adding Dehydrogenase Enzymes to Oxidize Yeast-produced Ethanol
Authors: Nguyen Hoang-Uyen-Dung , Trang Nguyen Dang , Taguchi Kozo
Published: March 2022

This study focuses on theoretically and experimentally enhancing the performance of a baker’s yeast-powered microbial fuel cell (MFC) by hybridizing the MFC and EFC (enzymatic fuel cells) technologies. To improve the power density of the MFC, commercially available alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes (ADHE) have been added to the anode chamber to oxidize ethanol, which is produced by Baker’s yeast (BKY) during the metabolic process, to acetic acid. This oxidation process contributes more power output for the MFC. BKY biofilm was formed in porous 3D activated carbon paper to make the anode. The combination of using the biofilm anode and ADHE for electricity generation by the MFC enabled about 19% improvement in the maximum power density if compared with the MFC without using ADHE. Also, aerobic and anaerobic culture conditions were investigated. The result showed that under the anaerobic culture condition, the MFC generated about 22% higher maximum power density than that of the aerobic condition. These results imply that the addition of ADHE can take full advantage of BKY-produced ethanol to boost overall BKY-powered MFC performance.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Distribution System with High Penetration Distribution Generations Considering N-1 Security
Authors: shicong Deng , wentao Kang , ran Hu , peng Ai , Longlong Shang , Kun Chen , Xiaofei Li , Hai Ci
Published: March 2022

The crisis of fossil fuel exhaustion and environmental pollution promotes the employment of distribution generators in distribution systems. The intermittent and random nature of distributed generators may bring threaten to the reliability and stability of the power grid. To improve the N-1 evaluation schema for distribution grid with DGs, an evaluation index system and comprehensive evaluation method for distribution system are proposed in this paper. Security, economy, quality and development coordination of system are analysed and used as the evaluation indexes. An evaluation framework is implemented with an analytic hierarchy process and a gray relational analysis method. The proposed index and framework were implemented tested with a modified distribution system on the CloudPSS platform. Multiple optimization objects of planning solutions for the distribution system were evaluated by the proposed frameworks. The best grid connection schema were generated based on the evaluation results. The test results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed index system and framework.
Engineering Properties and Slope Inventory of Clayey Soil from the Trusmadi Formation in Bundu Tuhan, Sabah
Authors: Ayu Sufiah Khairul Nur , Musta Baba
Published: March 2022

The study area in Bundu Tuhan mainly consists of the metasedimentary rock of the Trusmadi Formation. Trusmadi Formation aged Palaeocene to Middle Eocene made up of interbedded dark grey shale and thin sandstone that shows the characteristics of deep marine sediment. Shale bed also known as phyllite unit is the major rock unit in Trusmadi Formation that is usually weathered and produced clayey soil. Clayey soil is often acknowledged as problematic soil due to its properties that tend to hold water highly compared to sandy soil, which will cause further engineering problems due to the soil creeping. The study area is prone to landslide activity, especially in the Trusmadi Formation’s slopes. Hence, this paper aims to determine the engineering properties of clayey soil from the Trusmadi Formation. Two slopes were also selected for laboratory analysis and slope inventory. The results of the analysis show that both samples are poorly sorted materials which are classified as sandy and silty clay soil and silty clay soil. The moisture content is 25.98% to 37.10%, specific gravity ranged from 2.52 to 2.57, and plasticity index ranged from 21.68% to 23.91%. The soil has inactive to a normal type of clay (0.59 to 0.97) with a very high swelling capacity (9.29% to 11.43%). The maximum dry density (MDD) ranged from 1.44 to 1.53 and optimum moisture content (OMC) of 25.47% to 25.67%. Also, both samples are classified as impermeable soil with a K value ranging from 1.74x10−8 m/s to 2.45x10−8 m/s. While, based on the slope inventory inspection, both slopes were comprised of metagreywacke, where the first slope was an embankment slope, and the second slope was a cut slope. The first slope has poor vegetation cover which leads to moderate erosion and instability that further caused failure which is rotational debris slide. As for the second slope with average vegetation cover, there is only minor erosion and instability present on the slope, and this slope also shows slow soil movement that indicates soil creep.
Landslide Runout Distance Prediction of Pinousuk Gravel Slope in Mesilou Kundasang, Sabah Using Slope Characterization
Authors: Erfen H F W S , Musta B
Published: March 2022

The study area is located at Mesilou, Kundasang, which focuses on slopes of the Late Pleistocene Pinousuk Gravel unit. This study aims to determine the landslide runout distance (L) against the slope height (H), slope angle (θ), percentage of sand and clay of slope materials. Data were obtained from a shaking table instrument used to simulate earthquake tremors that resulted in landslides. The results show that the higher the slope it is, the farther the runout will occur with correlation, R = 0.87. Based on the slope failure model, the increase of slope angle will add to 60% of the runout distance with R = 0.81, while the longer time of the tremor received increases more than 120% of the distance from the previous point. Results also show insignificant correlation between clay percentage with runout distance (R = 0.23) while higher percentage of sand shows a greater distance from the slope. The greater distance of movement was due to its incohesive and unconsolidated characteristics with correlation, R = 0.64. All the findings show that slope characteristics, such as slope geometry and slope soil properties, influence the distance of landslide runout.
Two Cases Surviving Macro Fat Emboli Complications Following Gluteal Fat Grafting
Authors: Wolfe Erin M , Weber Lee E , Wo Luccie M , Samaha Mario J , Mathew Prakash , Garcia Onelio , Singh Devinder
Published: March 2022

Media attention has in recent years created an increased patient demand for gluteal contouring and augmentation. Gluteal augmentation and contouring with autologous fat transfer, colloquially referred to as the “Brazilian butt lift” (BBL), can be performed safely and effectively, with an overall complication rate ranging from 1.5% to 6.8%. However, there have been an alarming number of lethal events from intravenous passage of injected fat and fatal pulmonary embolism due to macro-fat emboli (MAFE). MAFE (fat emboli >1 cm in diameter), distinct from micro-fat emboli, can quickly result in catastrophic cardiopulmonary compromise and death. Accurate mortality estimates are limited by difficulties in determining accurate values for the total number of BBL procedures performed because most of these cases are performed at budget clinics. Accurate morbidity estimates are limited by a lack of published outcomes and a low level of evidence in published studies. The first case of survival of MAFE secondary to BBL was reported in 2019 by Peña et al. Few highly morbid complications secondary to MAFE have been reported because such events are almost universally lethal. We present 2 recent cases of survival after MAFE in the setting of gluteal fat transfer following expedient transfer to a tertiary care setting, allowing for timely and successful intervention. We illustrate examples of how MAFE is a highly lethal complication of gluteal fat grafting. Early recognition and immediate aggressive vital support to stabilize the patient are key for survival.

Level of Evidence: 5
High Intrapulmonary Rifampicin and Isoniazid Concentrations Are Associated With Rapid Sputum Bacillary Clearance in Patients With Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: McCallum Andrew D , Pertinez Henry E , Chirambo Aaron P , Sheha Irene , Chasweka Madalitso , Malamba Rose , Shani Doris , Chitani Alex , Mallewa Jane E , Meghji Jamilah Z , Ghany Jehan F , Corbett Elizabeth L , Gordon Stephen B , Davies Geraint R , Khoo Saye H , Sloan Derek J , Mwandumba Henry C
Published: March 2022

Background

Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics may better explain response to tuberculosis (TB) treatment than plasma pharmacokinetics. We explored these relationships by modeling bacillary clearance in sputum in adult patients on first-line treatment in Malawi.

Methods

Bacillary elimination rates (BER) were estimated using linear mixed-effects modelling of serial time-to-positivity in mycobacterial growth indicator tubes for sputum collected during the intensive phase of treatment (weeks 0–8) for microbiologically confirmed TB. Population pharmacokinetic models used plasma and intrapulmonary drug levels at 8 and 16 weeks. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships were investigated using individual-level measures of drug exposure (area-under-the-concentration-time-curve [AUC] and Cmax) for rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol, in plasma, epithelial lining fluid, and alveolar cells as covariates in the bacillary elimination models.

Results

Among 157 participants (58% human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] coinfected), drug exposure in plasma or alveolar cells was not associated with sputum bacillary clearance. Higher peak concentrations (Cmax) or exposure (AUC) to rifampicin or isoniazid in epithelial lining fluid was associated with more rapid bacillary elimination and shorter time to sputum negativity. More extensive disease on baseline chest radiograph was associated with slower bacillary elimination. Clinical outcome was captured in 133 participants, with 15 (11%) unfavorable outcomes recorded (recurrent TB, failed treatment, or death). No relationship between BER and late clinical outcome was identified.

Conclusions

Greater intrapulmonary drug exposure to rifampicin or isoniazid in the epithelial lining fluid was associated with more rapid bacillary clearance. Higher doses of rifampicin and isoniazid may result in sustained high intrapulmonary drug exposure, rapid bacillary clearance, shorter treatment duration and better treatment outcomes.
Some Recent Developments IN The Explanation of The Empirical Relationship Between Prices and Distribution
Authors: Ferrer-Hernández Jacobo , Torres-González Luis Daniel
Published: March 2022

The paper complements recent contributions towards the explanation of the regularities in the behaviour of prices and capital intensities as an effect of hypothetical changes in the rate of profits in empirical production-price models. It is shown that theoretical price and capital curves, i.e. prices and capital values as a function of the rate of profits, depend on the product of the eigenvalues and what we call the eigenlabours —the representation of the labour vector in the space spanned by the eigenvectors of the input matrix. We report robust evidence that the eigenvalues by themselves cannot produce the curves regularly reported in the literature, but rather it is the joint action of the eigenvalues and the eigenlabours. It is conjectured that the tendency towards zero of the subdominant eigenlabours is driven by the statistical tendency towards proportionality between the labour vector and the Perron–Frobenius eigenvector of the input matrix.
https://invertebratefungi.org/: an expert-curated web-based platform for the identification and classification of invertebrate-associated fungi and fungus-like organisms
Authors: Wei De-Ping , Gentekaki Eleni , Hyde Kevin D , Xiao Yuan-Pin , Luangharn Thatsanee , Tian Qing , Wang Yuan-Bing , Lumyong Saisamorn
Published: March 2022

Fungi are the major decomposers in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, playing essential roles in biogeochemical cycles and food webs. The Fungi kingdom encompasses a diverse array of taxa that often form intimate relationships with other organisms, including plants, insects, algae, cyanobacteria and even other fungi. Fungal parasites of insects are known as entomopathogenic fungi and are the causative agents of serious disease and/or mortality of their hosts. Entomopathogens produce distinct metabolic compounds with roles in pathogenicity, virulence and host–parasite interactions. Thus, the potential of discovering new bioactive compounds useful in biocontrol and pharmaceutical industries is high. Given the significance of entomopathogenic fungi, the rapid research advances and the increased interest, it has become necessary to organize all available and incoming data. The website https://invertebratefungi.org/ has been developed to serve this purpose by gathering and updating entomopathogenic genera/species information. Notes of entomopathogenic genera will be provided with emphasis on their taxonomic status. Information on other invertebrates, such as rotifers, will also be included. Descriptions, photographic plates, information on distribution and host (where applicable) along with molecular data and other interesting details will also be provided. The website is easily and freely accessible to users. Instructions concerning the platform architecture and functionality of the website are introduced herein. The platform is currently being expanded and will be continuously updated as part of the effort to enrich knowledge on this group of fungi.

Database URL: https://invertebratefungi.org/
Virtual Borders: International Law and the Elusive Inequalities of Algorithmic Association
Authors: Van Den Meerssche Dimitri
Published: March 2022

The use of algorithmic tools by international public authorities is changing how norms are made and enacted. This seismic shift in global governance has important distributive consequences: the digital turn not only empowers specific corporate actors and forms of expertise but also entails new modes of social sorting based on the placement of people in patterns of data. This article focuses on the emergent inequalities that machine learning and data analytics thereby import in the domain of global governance. In line with the symposium’s theme, I thereby frame the importance of computational decision-making processes from a distributional, and not a procedural, perspective – from a perspective of inequality and not privacy, data protection or transparency. The empirical site for the assessment of these emergent inequalities is the ‘virtual border’. By focusing on the technological tools of data extraction and algorithmic risk assessment that are reshaping practices of border control, the article makes a dual contribution: it reveals the social hierarchies engendered by these data-driven forms of grouping and grading – captured in the novel concept of ‘associative inequality’ – and highlights the difficulty of registering or counteracting this mode of subject-making in existing legal terms. This intervention both traces the particular distributive effects of data-driven governance and signals the challenges it poses to the prospects and emancipatory promises of collectivity, solidarity and equality entertained in modernist ideals of international law. In resisting the logic of algorithmic governance, I suggest, we should strive not for transparency but for opacity, not inclusion but incomparability, not privacy but open-ended and defiant commonality.
Decrease in the prevalence of hypertension in Spanish schoolchildren from 2010 to 2017: Cuenca Study
Authors: Martin-Espinosa Noelia , Martínez-Vizcaíno Vicente , Garrido-Miguel Miriam , Díez-Fernández Ana , Isabel Cobo-Cuenca Ana , Solera-Martínez Montserrat
Published: March 2022

Aims

To examine the secular trends in blood pressure measurements and normal or high blood pressure classification among Spanish schoolchildren from 2010 to 2017, to analyze the persistence in the blood pressure category reported in 2017 compared with 2013 in those children born in 2007–08 and to compare in this cohort the prevalence of high blood pressure using both definitions, the 2004 and 2017 guidelines.

Methods and results

The data for the prevalence/trend analysis were obtained from cross-sectional analyses conducted in 2010, 2013, and 2017 of 2709 schoolchildren aged 4–6 and 8–11 years from 22 schools in the province of Cuenca, Spain. The data for the longitudinal analysis were obtained from cross-sectional analyses of measurements gathered in 2013 and 2017 in the same cohort of children (n = 275). The prevalence of normal blood pressure increased by 5.4% in children aged 4–6 years from 2013 to 2017 and by 2.2% in children aged 8–11 from 2010 to 2017. This increase was mainly driven by a decrease in the children classified in any stage of hypertension by 4.2% and 2.3% in each age range, respectively. In the same birth cohort, there was an increase of 7.6% in normal blood pressure prevalence.

Conclusion

The high blood pressure prevalence in Spanish children has clearly decreased over the last decade, but is still important to detect this condition to design specific school-based interventions and the evaluation of children classified as hypertensive who might need medical supervision and treatment.