bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fatigue and collapse of cyclically bent strip of amorphous solid
Authors: Bhowmik Bhanu Prasad , Hentchel H. G. E. , Procaccia Itamar
Published: January 2022

Fatigue caused by cyclic bending of a piece of material, resulting in its mechanical failure, is a phenomenon that had been studied for ages by engineers and physicists alike. In this letter we study such fatigue in a strip of an athermal amorphous solid. On the basis of atomistic simulations we conclude that the crucial quantity to focus on is the accumulated damage. Although this quantity exhibits large sample-to-sample fluctuations, its dependence on the loading determines the statistics of the number of cycles to failure. Thus we can provide a scaling theory for the Wöhler plots of mean number of cycles for failure as a function of the loading amplitude.
Curating Visual Archives of Sex
Authors: Sepahvand Ashkan , Slater Meg , Timm Annette F. , Vaccaro Jeanne , Bauer Heike , Sutton Katie
Published: January 2022

In this roundtable, four curators of exhibitions showcasing sexual archives and histories—with a particular focus on queer and trans experiences—were asked to reflect on their experiences working as scholars and artists across a range of museum and gallery formats. The exhibitions referred to below were Bring Your Own Body: Transgender between Archives and Aesthetics, curated by Jeanne Vaccaro (discussant) with Stamatina Gregory at The Cooper Union, New York, in 2015 and Haverford College, Pennsylvania, in 2016; Odarodle: An imaginary their_story of naturepeoples, 1535–2017, curated by Ashkan Sepahvand (discussant) at the Schwules Museum (Gay Museum) in Berlin, Germany, in 2017; Queer, curated by Ted Gott, Angela Hesson, Myles Russell-Cook, Meg Slater (discussant), and Pip Wallis at the National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia, in 2022; and TransTrans: Transatlantic Transgender Histories, curated by Alex Bakker, Rainer Herrn, Michael Thomas Taylor, and Annette F. Timm (discussant) at the Schwules Museum in Berlin, Germany, in 2019–20, adapting an earlier exhibition shown at the University of Calgary, Canada, in 2016.
A Bruise, a Neck, and a Little Finger
Authors: Nead Lynda
Published: January 2022

Ruth Ellis was the last woman to be hanged in Britain. On April 10, 1955, in front of witnesses, she shot and killed her lover, David Blakely, and was immediately arrested and imprisoned. In so many other ways, however, her life was similar to those of many aspirational women of the working classes in postwar Britain; she achieved notoriety because of the murder and execution. This essay uses archives of press photography to examine the diverse ways in which Ellis constructed her identity and was represented to the public as a sexualized woman. It attempts a feminist encounter with the visual archive—an encounter not only with an individual woman but also, and as importantly, with 1950s sex, sexuality, class, and violence.
Virgin Territories
Authors: Serlin David
Published: January 2022

In this wide-ranging conversation, David Serlin (University of California, San Diego) and Roland Betancourt (University of California, Irvine) discuss questions of sexual consent and sexual violence in the visual culture of early Christian art as inspired by Betancourt’s recent book, Byzantine Intersectionality: Sexuality, Gender, and Race in the Middle Ages (2020). Drawing on rare manuscripts and other objects of worship from institutional archives, Betancourt analyzes and contextualizes numerous Byzantine visual texts featuring often confounding representations of sexual acts or gendered behavior that later Christian interpreters would treat as conventional or settled. For Betancourt, early Christian authors and artists were far more open to troubling and experimenting with depictions of sexual and gendered narratives than many medievalists (and, importantly, non-medievalists) have been trained to see.
Sexing the Archive
Authors: Florêncio João , Miller Ben
Published: January 2022

Despite being a widely consumed genre of visual culture, pornography remains a touchy subject in contemporary queer historiography. Queer archives overflow with it, but queer histories don’t. Historically associated with low culture and distrusted by value systems that have tended to privilege the “high” faculties of reason to the detriment of the “base” materiality of the body, its affects and appetites, porn is too rarely approached as a legitimate source with which to think cultural, affective, intellectual, and sexual histories. This article draws from porn studies and queer historiographies to draw some methodological considerations about the value, benefits, and challenges posed by porn archives to the writing of queer subcultural histories. Rather than trying to solve porn’s double ontological status as both documentary and fantasy, the authors locate in that defining feature of the genre porn’s value as a historical source. Simultaneously a document of sex cultures and of the edges of morality, and a historically and culturally situated speculation on what bodies and sex may become, porn offers both cultural critics and historians a rich archive for deepening their knowledge of the intersections of culture, morality, pleasure, community, embodiment, and the politics of belonging.
Translational Nation: Politics and Re-presentation at the Independence Hall of Korea
Authors: Lee Chungjae , Lee Jerry Won
Published: January 2022

This article develops a theory of nation form as translational, referring to the praxis of re-presenting and thus rendering sensible the nation through an examination of the Tongnip Kinyŏmkwan (Independence Hall of Korea), a national museum designed to commemorate Korea’s anticolonial resistance efforts and its independence from the Japanese Empire in 1945. Translation in the context of this article alludes to the praxis of re-presenting and thus reconstituting the nation through what Rancière calls “the distribution of the sensible.” The Hall, in other words, suggests that the nation does not matter unto itself but rather that it is in such moments of articulation and sensibility that the nation is hailed into existence. This article makes the argument that the interactional outcomes between visitors and the Independence Hall direct us toward an interpretation of the Hall as a space of enactment of the translational nation, which refers to a re-formation of nation through translation across interrelated matrices including text, trauma, and time. This translational praxis, understood in the context of the interplay between state-sponsored zeal and popular anemia, centers on the translation of communicative text into theatrical text, somber tragedy into diluted play, and discrete historical events into a posthistorical genealogy.
Remade in China: Rule of Law, Democracy, and the Chinese 12 Angry Men
Authors: Chen Thomas
Published: January 2022

Against the background of the growing effort in the Xi Jinping era to sinicize democracy and rule of law, much critical attention has surrounded Chinese models of governance variously conceived as “humane authority” and “political meritocracy.” What is missing from the literature on the export of the so-called “Chinese solution,” however, is the consideration of popular cultural products. This article takes as its case study the state-sponsored film 12 Citizens, the 2014 remake of the classic 12 Angry Men, most famously known in its 1957 version directed by Sidney Lumet and starring Henry Fonda. As there is no jury system in China, 12 Citizens instead presents the scenario as a law school mock trial on Anglo-American law, with crucial elements indigenized to the local setting. In one masterly maneuver after another, the remake overturns the democratic tenor of the original. Yet as a metanarrative about adaptation, the film reveals ambivalent attitudes not only toward the jury system and the West but also toward adaptation itself, open to an alternative interpretation in which the figure of the citizen, as a member of a political community actively engaged in public matters, precisely takes center stage. This ambivalence challenges the very concept of “Chinese characteristics.”
The Audiovisual Turn of Recent Korean Documentary Cinema: The Time-Image, Place, and Landscape
Authors: Kim Jihoon
Published: January 2022

This article discusses several documentary films since the 2010s that portray the place and the landscape related to Korea's social reality or a personal or collective memory of its past, classifying their common trope as the “audiovisual turn.” The trope refers to the uses of the poetic and aesthetic techniques to highlight the visual and auditory qualities of the images that mediate the landscape or the place. This article argues that the films’ experiments with these techniques mark formal and epistemological breaks with the expository and participatory modes of the traditional Korean activist documentary, as they create an array of Deleuzian time-images in which a social place or natural landscape is reconfigured as the cinematic space liberated from a linear time and layered with the imbrication of the present and the past. The images, however, are read as updating the activist documentary's commitment to politics and history, as they renew the viewer's sensory and affective awareness of the place and the landscape and thereby render them ruins.
Live 3D imaging and mapping of shear stresses within tissues using incompressible elastic beads
Authors: Souchaud Alexandre , Boutillon Arthur , Charron Gaëlle , Asnacios Atef , Noûs Camille , David Nicolas B. , Graner François , Gallet François
Published: January 2022

To investigate the role of mechanical constraints in morphogenesis and development, we have developed a pipeline of techniques based on incompressible elastic sensors. These techniques combine the advantages of incompressible liquid droplets, which have been used as precise in situ shear stress sensors, and of elastic compressible beads, which are easier to tune and to use. Droplets of a polydimethylsiloxane mix, made fluorescent through specific covalent binding to a rhodamin dye, are produced by a microfluidics device. The elastomer rigidity after polymerization is adjusted to the tissue rigidity. Its mechanical properties are carefully calibrated in situ, for a sensor embedded in a cell aggregate submitted to uniaxial compression. The local shear stress tensor is retrieved from the sensor shape, accurately reconstructed through an active contour method. In vitro, within cell aggregates, and in vivo, in the prechordal plate of the zebrafish embryo during gastrulation, our pipeline of techniques demonstrates its efficiency to directly measure the three dimensional shear stress repartition within a tissue.
An Interview with Mansi Srivastava
Authors: Galander Stefan
Published: January 2022

Mansi Srivastava is a John L. Loeb Associate Professor of the Natural Sciences at Harvard University. This year, she was awarded the Elizabeth D. Hay New Investigator Award by the Society of Developmental Biology, which recognizes new group leaders who have performed outstanding research in developmental biology during the early stages of their independent career. Mansi's research focusses on investigating wound response and stem cell biology during regeneration in an evolutionary context. We talked to Mansi to discover how she feels about receiving this award, and about her career and her activities outside of the lab.
Ultraviolet vision in larval Neogonodactylus oerstedii
Authors: McDonald Marisa S. , Palecanda Sitara , Cohen Jonathan H. , Porter Megan L.
Published: January 2022

Stomatopod crustaceans have among the most complex eyes in the animal kingdom, with up to twelve different color detection channels. The capabilities of these unique eyes include photoreception of ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths (<400 nm). UV vision has been well characterized in adult stomatopods but has not been previously demonstrated in the comparatively simpler larval eye. Larval stomatopod eyes are developmentally distinct from their adult counterpart and have been described as lacking the visual pigment diversity and morphological specializations found in adult eyes. However, recent studies have provided evidence that larval stomatopod eyes are more complex than previously thought and warrant closer investigation. Using electroretinogram recordings in live animals we found physiological evidence of blue and UV sensitive photoreceptors in larvae of the Caribbean stomatopod species Neogonodactylus oerstedii. Transcriptomes of individual larvae were used to identify the expression of three distinct UV opsins transcripts, which may indicate the presence of multiple UV spectral channels. This is the first paper to document UV vision in any larval stomatopod, expanding our understanding of the importance of UV sensitivity in plankton. Similar to adults, larval stomatopod eyes are more complex than expected and contain previously uncharacterized molecular diversity and physiological functions.
The Online Elicitation of Personal Utility Functions (OPUF) tool: a new method for valuing health states
Authors: Schneider Paul P. , van Hout Ben , Heisen Marike , Brazier John , Devlin Nancy
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Standard valuation methods, such as TTO and DCE are inefficient. They require data from hundreds if not thousands of participants to generate value sets. Here, we present the Online elicitation of Personal Utility Functions (OPUF) tool; a new type of online survey for valuing EQ-5D-5L health states using more efficient, compositional elicitation methods, which even allow estimating value sets on the individual level. The aims of this study are to report on the development of the tool, and to test the feasibility of using it to obtain individual-level value sets for the EQ-5D-5L.

Methods

We applied an iterative design approach to adapt the PUF method, previously developed by Devlin et al., for use as a standalone online tool. Five rounds of qualitative interviews, and one quantitative pre-pilot were conducted to get feedback on the different tasks. After each round, the tool was refined and re-evaluated. The final version was piloted in a sample of 50 participants from the UK. A demo of the EQ-5D-5L OPUF survey is available at: https://eq5d5l.me

Results

On average, it took participants about seven minutes to complete the OPUF Tool. Based on the responses, we were able to construct a personal EQ-5D-5L value set for each of the 50 participants. These value sets predicted a participants' choices in a discrete choice experiment with an accuracy of 80%. Overall, the results revealed that health state preferences vary considerably on the individual-level. Nevertheless, we were able to estimate a group-level value set for all 50 participants with reasonable precision.

Discussion

We successfully piloted the OPUF Tool and showed that it can be used to derive a group-level as well as personal value sets for the EQ-5D-5L. Although the development of the online tool is still in an early stage, there are multiple potential avenues for further research.
The pros and cons of entry restrictions: are entry restrictions really effective in preventing the spread of SARS-CoV-2?
Authors: Park Donghwi , Boudier-Revéret Mathieu , Chang Min Cheol
Published: January 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread worldwide, leading the World Health Organization to declare coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic. To curb the unchecked spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection, most countries have enforced travel restrictions. However, it is debatable whether such restrictions are effective in containing infections and preventing pandemics. Rather, they may negatively impact economies and diplomatic relationships. Each government should conduct an extensive and appropriate analysis of its national economy, diplomatic status, and COVID-19 preparedness to decide whether it is best to restrict entering travelers. Even if travelers from other countries are allowed entry, extensive contact tracing is required to prevent the spread of COVID-19. In addition, governments can implement “travel bubbles,” which allow the quarantine-free flow of people among countries with relatively low levels of community transmission. An accurate evaluation of the benefits and losses due to entry restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic would be helpful in determining whether entry restrictions are an effective measure to reduce the spread of infection in future pandemics.
Financing framework for local governments: diagnosis and change proposals
Authors: Karnowski Jakub , Rzońca Andrzej
Published: January 2022

Motivation: The best way to widen access to public services at the local level is to increase efficiency of local government spending. However, an increase in efficiency may refer to output or inputs. In the latter case it does not widen access to public services. Moreover, factors conducive to spending efficiency may be detrimental to local cohesion. Finding a way so that the financing framework for local governments would reconcile the efficiency condition with the conditions of access to public services and local cohesion respectively, is an issue of great importance for economic policy. It seems to be so especially in a country like Poland, where there are large differences in the level of development between regions for historical reasons. These differences, if left accumulating, could easily jeopardize efficiency due to distorted capital flows, not to mention political tensions they may cause.

Aim: The article aims at identifying basic features of the financing framework for local governments in Poland that hinder efficiency of their spending and at proposing feasible changes to that framework that would improve the efficiency but not at the expense of local cohesion or access to public services.

Results: The article argues that the financing framework of local governments in Poland would better meet conditions of both efficiency and access to public services, if local governments relied mostly on revenues from income taxes instead of transfers from the central government, and some elements of tax competition between local authorities, although restricted to PIT-free allowance, were introduced. Such a shift in local governments revenue composition would not weaken local cohesion, if it was accompanied by an appropriate solidarity subvention financed by the richest voivodeship and the central government, and non-recurring central government revenues were allocated to investments exceeding financial capacity of local governments.
OSOBOWE UJĘCIE RELACJI PACJENT – PERSONEL MEDYCZNY. WPŁYW WYMIARU PERSONALISTYCZNEGO NA JAKOŚĆ RELACJI INTERPERSONALNYCH W PRZESTRZENI MEDYCZNEJ I JEGO ZNACZENIE W PROCESIE LECZENIA
Authors: Gliniecki Wojciech
Published: January 2022

W punkcie wyjścia autor określa dialog między personelem medycznym a chorym jako formę relacji o charakterze naturalnym. Autor analizuje personalistyczne ujęcie tej relacji. Jakość relacji interpersonalnych zależy od wizji człowieka, poprzez którą ujmuje się rzeczywistość. Wymiar personalistyczny pozwala patrzeć na chorego jako na osobę odrębną i autonomiczną, uwzględnić prawdziwe dobro i dostrzec wymiar duchowy. Zaakcentowana została konieczność kształtowania wartości i sumienia. Spojrzenie osobowe jest relacją „dar – kontra-dar”, w której personel jest darem dla chorego, a ten nadaje poczucie sensu posługi w szpitalu. Prowadzi to do uczłowieczenia relacji, gdyż osobowe ujęcie istoty ludzkiej pozwala zawsze podkreślać niezbywalną godność każdego człowieka w działaniach medycznych.
EPIDEMIE, ZARAZY I ICH PATRONI. POCZĄTKI KULTU ŚWIĘTEGO ROCHA W EUROPIE
Authors: Ossowski Zdzisław
Published: January 2022

Artykuł prezentuje dynamiczny rozwój kultu św. Rocha w obliczu zarazy. Najstarsze lokalizacje kultu świętego Rocha przebiegają wzdłuż drogi Via Francigena, istniejącej już od X wieku, jako stary szlak pielgrzymi wiodący do Rzymu z rodzinnej miejscowości Rocha – Montpellier. To wzdłuż tej drogi, w położonych przy niej miastach rodzą się początki kultu tego świętego. Takie miasta jak: Voghera, Piacezna obfitują w najstarsze świadectwa kultu, do których zalicza się: kościoły i kaplice pw. św. Rocha, a w nich: relikwiarze, obrazy, rzeźby, jak również powstające przy tych ośrodkach rozliczne bractwa, dzięki którym, jak również dzięki kupcom, handlarzom, drukarzom, duchownym – świeckim i zakonnym, ów kult rozszerzył się z północnych Włoch aż na drugą stronę Alp. W tekście wykorzystano literaturę źródłową.
WPŁYW MEDIÓW NA KSZTAŁT KULTURY W ORĘDZIACH BENEDYKTA XVI NA ŚWIATOWY DZIEŃ ŚRODKÓW SPOŁECZNEGO PRZEKAZU (2006–2013)
Authors: Szcześniak Tomasz
Published: January 2022

Środki społecznego przekazu, których gwałtowny i dynamiczny rozwój nastąpił w ostatnich latach XXI wieku, niewątpliwie stanowią integralną część ludzkiej codzienności i kultury. Stały się one nieodłącznym elementem współczesnej rzeczywistości, w której nie tylko istnieją, ale próbują ją kreować poprzez oddziaływanie w przestrzeni relacji międzyosobowych i społecznych. Papież Benedykt XVI w orędziach na Światowy Dzień Środków Społecznego Przekazu, zredagowanych w latach 2006–2013, podkreśla istotną rolę massmediów w kulturze ludzkiej, której zadaniem jest pełnia rozwoju człowieka w aspekcie duchowo-cielesnym. Aby środki społecznego przekazu przyczyniały się do integralnego rozwoju, wychowania i wzrostu wartości kulturowych w społeczeństwie, muszą działać w kategorii służby osobie ludzkiej i jej godności.
WYCHOWAWCZA ROLA PRACY W KONCEPCJACH FILOZOFÓW CHRZEŚCIJAŃSKICH: STEFANA WYSZYŃSKIEGO, KAROLA WOJTYŁY I JÓZEFA TISCHNERA
Authors: Zientkowski Przemysław
Published: January 2022

W artykule przedstawiam wychowawczy wymiar pracy na przykładzie twórczości trzech polskich filozofów chrześcijańskich – kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego, Karola Wojtyły (późniejszego papieża Jana Pawła II) i Józefa Tischnera. Każdy z nich uwypuklał rolę pracy, jako czynnika determinującego wychowanie, ale też każdy przedstawiał pracę i związany z nią system wychowania z innej perspektywy. Wszystkie te punkty widzenia ogniskowały się jednak na człowieku postrzeganym przez pryzmat Bożego stworzenia. Człowieka, dla którego praca stała w rzędzie cnót, podobnie jak lenistwo w rzędzie grzechów. W tekście udowadniam, że wychowawcza funkcja pracy, postrzegana w kontekście cnót, u kardynała Wyszyńskiego przedstawiana była w optyce miłości, u Jana Pawła II w przestrzeni wiary, zaś Józef Tischner głosił ją z przesłaniem nadziei.
GENEZA FILOZOFICZNEJ IDEI QUEER WOBEC PODSTAW ANTROPOLOGICZNYCH KATOLICKIEJ NAUKI SPOŁECZNEJ
Authors: Zubielewicz Andrzej
Published: January 2022

Artykuł podejmuje próbę odpowiedzi na pytania o podstawy filozoficzne i myślowe queer theory oraz prezentuje głównych myślicieli, którzy wywarli znaczący wpływ na rozwój performatywności w ruchach feministycznych. Przedstawiam genezę i opis procesu subwersji oraz dekonstrukcji pojęć takich jak płeć, małżeństwo, kobiecość, heteronormatywność, binarność, seksualność i ostatecznie queer. Polemizuję między innymi z poglądami Judith Butler, która próbuje opisać pojęcie queer, charakteryzując je jako odtwarzanie performatywnych wypowiedzi, interpolowanych, stanowiących moc wiążącą przypadkowych, obalalnych, rozsadzających istniejące konwencje. Artykuł zestawia powyższe zagadnienia z Katolicką Nauką Społeczną i antropologią Kościoła Katolickiego. Wskazuje na obszary tworzącej się na naszych oczach nowej rzeczywistości.
José Gómez Ortega "Joselito". El toreo mismo
Authors: Cortines Torres Jacobo , González Troyano Alberto
Published: January 2022

Libro en el que se recogen rasgos de la personalidad de José Gómez Ortega "Joselito", su tauromaquia, su ciudad y su figura, como motivo de inspiración para la fotografía, la literatura y otras facetas del mundo del Arte.
Green marketing: esfuerzos por el cuidado y la preservación del medio ambiente con negocios sostenibles
Authors: Duque Mauricio , Mejía Laura , Nieto Johanna , Rojas De Francisco Laura
Published: January 2022

Los problemas ambientales han llevado a que los consumidores exijan productos y servicios sostenibles, pero esto ha conducido a que algunas organizaciones hagan prácticas de greenwashing, situación que puede resolverse con conocimiento sobre Green Marketing en las empresas. Esta investigación mixta busca identificar las bases para implementar el green marketing desde la práctica y por ello explora la percepción del tema con organizaciones, expertos en marketing y consumidores en la ciudad de Pereira en Colombia. Los resultados del estudio evidencian el interés por implementar el green marketing en las organizaciones y se contrasta con la percepción de consumidores, aportando, desde bases teóricas, regulatorias y prácticas, aspectos para proponer estrategias y modelos para hacer la transición al green marketing en las organizaciones y hacia las personas.
Caracterización de la generación del milenio en el contexto laboral: una revisión de la literatura
Authors: Ramírez Angel Lina María
Published: January 2022

Actualmente, tres generaciones de trabajadores están presentes en las organizaciones; la generación de los baby boomers, está a punto de salir del mercado laboral y le abren paso a la generación de trabajadores millennials. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar una revisión sistemática de la literatura referente a la generación del milenio, destacando: primero, la caracterización de los millennials, que contiene elementos clasificados en psicológicos, familiares y sociales que han demostrado tener efecto en el contexto laboral; y segundo, la extracción de prácticas que han dado algunos autores para retenerlos y evitar altos costos por la pérdida de productividad, contratación y formación de nuevos empleados. De esta revisión se concluye que los millennials son aquellas personas nacidas entre 1980 y el 2000, quienes en el contexto laboral buscan tener equilibrio entre su vida y el trabajo, retroalimentación, contacto con los líderes y crecimiento rápido a posiciones altas. Además, prefieren laborar en y para organizaciones que les generen aprendizaje y los desafíen, razón por la que cambian constantemente de trabajo. En consecuencia, es importante entender que en las prácticas de retención no es necesario realizar grandes inversiones de dinero, sino mejorar y fortalecer los procesos del área de recursos humanos.
Chain Affiliation and Human Resource Investments: Evidence from the Restaurant Industry
Authors: Lakhani Tashlin , Ouyang Can
Published: January 2022

Drawing on organizational theory, agency theory, and research in strategic human resource management, this study explores how chain affiliation influences human resource (HR) investments using data from a nationally random survey of restaurant establishments. We propose that chain-affiliated units will make different investments in those areas of the HR system where chains establish superior organizational routines compared with nonaffiliated units. By contrast, we argue that in the absence of chain routines, ownership incentives will drive differences in human resource investments. Specifically, we find that franchisee-owned units focus more on cost reduction by underinvesting in human resource practices compared with company-owned units and independently owned units when organizational routines are not provided by the chain. We provide further support for our theoretical arguments using additional data on multiunit ownership and franchisor influence. Finally, we conduct supplemental analyses to explore the relationship between different human resource investments and two important organizational outcomes: employee turnover and customer satisfaction ratings from Yelp. Our results highlight the types of human resource practices that are important for service work and suggest that the provision of organizational routines can have important implications for the long-run success of chains and their units.

Funding: Financial support from the Center for Advanced Human Resource Studies, Cornell University; and the Rockefeller Foundation is gratefully acknowledged.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1539 .
Combining convolutional sparse coding with total variation for sparse-view CT reconstruction
Authors: Li Xuru , Li Yu , Chen Ping , Li Fuzhong
Published: January 2022

Conventional dictionary-learning-based computed tomography (CT) reconstruction methods extract patches from an original image to train, ignoring the consistency of pixels in overlapping patches. To address the problem, this paper proposes a method combining convolutional sparse coding (CSC) with total variation (TV) for sparse-view CT reconstruction. The proposed method inherits the advantages of CSC by directly processing the whole image without dividing it into overlapping patches, which preserves more details and reduces artifacts caused by patch aggregation. By introducing a TV regularization term to enhance the constraint of the image domain, the noise can be effectively further suppressed. The alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm is employed to solve the objective function. Numerous experiments are conducted to validate the performance of the proposed method in different views. Qualitative and quantitative results show the superiority of the proposed method in terms of noise suppression, artifact reduction, and image details recovery.
Crosstalk decoupling measurement method to determine the six degrees of freedom of motion error of linear stages
Authors: Diao Kuan , Chen Cheng , Leach Richard , Liu Xiaojun , Lu Wenlong , Yang Wenjun
Published: January 2022

The simultaneous measurement of all six degrees of freedom of motion error for a linear stage is significantly faster than methods that measure each degree of freedom separately. However, in current simultaneous measurement methods, error crosstalk issues significantly affect measurement accuracy. In this paper, a direct and simple crosstalk decoupling simultaneous measurement method to determine the six degrees of freedom of motion error of a linear stage is proposed. Based on the combination of single-frequency laser interferometry and laser self-collimation, a novel, to the best of our knowledge, optical configuration with a complete error decoupling relationship is designed, and a mathematical model is derived for error decoupling to address the crosstalk issue. A prototype system based on the new method is developed, and experiments are conducted to verify its effectiveness. Analysis shows that, compared with a commercial laser interferometer for linear stage measurement, the deviations of the positioning, horizontal straightness, vertical straightness, roll, pitch, and yaw errors are

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3D optical components made by additive manufacturing for casting complex patterns of light
Authors: D’Elia Francesca , Pisani Francesco , Tredicucci Alessandro , Pisignano Dario , Camposeo Andrea
Published: January 2022

We report on the design, fabrication by 3D printing and soft molding, and characterization ofmagic windows, which are 3D optical components capable of generating structured light patterns by refraction of an incident beam.
Climate-driven variations in suspended particulate matter dominate water clarity in shallow lakes
Authors: Fang Chong , Jacinthe Pierre-Andre , Song Changchun , Zhang Chi , Song Kaishan
Published: January 2022

Secchi disk depth (SDD) has long been considered as a reliable proxy for lake clarity, and an important indicator of the aquatic ecosystems. Meteorological and anthropogenic factors can affect SDD, but the mechanism of these effects and the potential control of climate change are poorly understood. Preliminary research at Lake Khanka (international shallow lake on the China-Russia border) had led to the hypothesis that climatic factors, through their impact on suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentration, are key drivers of SDD variability. To verify the hypothesis, Landsat and MODIS images were used to examine temporal trend in these parameters. For that analysis, the novel SPM index (SPMI) was developed, through incorporation of SPM concentration effect on spectral radiance, and was satisfactorily applied to both Landsat (R2 = 0.70, p < 0.001) and MODIS (R2 = 0.78, p < 0.001) images to obtain remote estimates of SPM concentration. Further, the SPMI algorithm was successfully applied to the shallow lakes Hulun, Chao and Hongze, demonstrating its portability. Through analysis of the temporal trend (1984–2019) in SDD and SPM, this study demonstrated that variation in SPM concentration was the dominant driver (explaining 63% of the variation as opposed to 2% due to solar radiation) of SDD in Lake Khanka, thus supporting the study hypothesis. Furthermore, we speculated that variation in wind speed, probably impacted by difference in temperature between lake surface and surrounding landscapes (greater difference between 1984–2009 than after 2010), may have caused varying degree of sediment resuspension, ultimately controlling SPM and SDD variation in Lake Khanka.
Suppression of the magnetic noise response caused by elliptically polarized light in an optical rotation detection system
Authors: Xing Bozheng , Lu Jixi , Sun Chang , Yu Tingting , Wu Yue , Gao Yanan , Han Bangcheng
Published: January 2022

We analyze and suppress the magnetic noise response in optical rotation detection system (ORDS) in atomic magnetometers in this study. Because of the imperfections of the optical elements, the probe light is actually elliptically polarized in ORDS, which can polarize the atom ensemble and cause the responses to the three-axis magnetic noise. We theoretically analyze the frequency responses to the magnetic noise, and prove that the responses are closely associated with the DC magnetic field. The values of the DC magnetic fields are calculated with special frequency points, called ‘break points’, in the transverse responses. We reveal the relationships between the DC magnetic field and the sensitivities of ORDS, and effectively suppress the magnetic noise responses with the residual magnetic field compensation. Finally, the sensitivity of ORDS is improved by approximately two times at 10-20 Hz.
Experimental demonstration of optical trapping and manipulation with multifunctional metasurface
Authors: Li Xingyi , Zhou Yuan , Ge Suyang , Wang Guoxi , Li Siqi , Liu Zilei , Li Xing , Zhao Wei , Yao Baoli , Zhang Wenfu
Published: January 2022

Chip-scale optical tweezers, which are usually implemented in a planar format without using bulky diffractive optical elements, are recognized as a promising candidate to be integrated with a lab-on-a-chip system. However, traditional chip-scale optical tweezers are often static and allow for only one type of manipulation functionality since the geometrical parameters of the tweezers are fixed. Herein, we introduce a new, to the best of our knowledge, class of on-chip optical tweezers for diverse types of manipulation of micro-particles. Utilizing both the propagation phase and Pancharatnam–Berry phase, we experimentally demonstrate the spin-dependent trapping, moving, and circling of micro-particles with the transfer of optical gradient force and orbital angular momentum to particles. We further show that the spin angular momentum of the output beam provides an additional degree of freedom to control the spinning rotation of particles. This new type of optical tweezers paves the way for multifunctional and dynamical trapping and manipulation of particles with a lab-on-a-chip system.
Semiconductor saturable absorber mirror mode-locked Yb:YLF laser with pulses of 40 fs
Authors: Demirbas Umit , Thesinga Jelto , Kellert Martin , Reuter Simon , Pergament Mikhail , Kärtner Franz X.
Published: January 2022

We have generated pulses as short as 40 fs with an average power of 265 mW from a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) mode-locked Yb:YLF oscillator employing a 1% transmitting output coupler (OC). The room-temperature laser is pumped by a low-cost 960 nm single-emitter multimode diode and dispersion compensation is provided via double chirped mirrors (DCMs). The 40-fs pulses are centered around 1050 nm with a width of 34 nm at a repetition rate of 87.3 MHz. By increasing the output coupling to 5% and by using Gires–Tournois interferometer (GTI) mirrors for dispersion compensation, we have also demonstrated 380-fs pulses with 1.85 W of average power around 1025 nm at a repetition rate of 190.4 MHz. Using an intracavity off-surface optic axis birefringent filter, the central wavelength of the pulses could be tuned in the 1020–1025 nm and 1019–1047 nm ranges for the 5% and 1% transmitting OCs, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, these are the shortest pulses and highest average and peak powers generated from room-temperature Yb:YLF lasers to date.
Realization of tunable edge-enhanced images based on computing metasurfaces
Authors: Xiao Titao , Yang Hua , Yang Qiang , Xu Dingyu , Wang Ruisi , Chen Shizhen , Luo Hailu
Published: January 2022

Bright-field imaging and edge imaging can extract different characteristics from objects, and therefore play important roles in image processing and pattern recognition. Here, we propose a fast, convenient, and electrically driven adjustable scheme to achieve tunable edge-enhanced images based on computing metasurfaces. The computing metasurface can perform spatial differential operation as optical waves propagate through it. This optical differential operation is polarization-dependent, thus any desirable contrast can be realized by the interplay between two orthogonal polarization components. By regulating the external voltages applied on the liquid-crystal phase plate, different phase retardances between two orthogonal polarization components are introduced; this allows us to quickly switch between the bright-field image and the edge image.
Coherence of Light Scattered by a Large Number of Independent Single-Photon Emitters
Authors: Kovalenko A. , Lachman L. , Tran D. T. , Babjak D. , Podhora L. , Filip R. , Slodička L. , Lešundák A. , Pham T. , Číp O.
Published: January 2022

We present the experimental characterization of coherence of light scattered from ensembles of noninteracting trapped ions. We set up and prove an indistinguishable emission from many ions by observation of photon bunching in a single-mode Hanbury-Brown and Twiss detection scheme.
Cardiac forces regulate zebrafish heart valve delamination by modulating Nfat signaling
Authors: Chow Renee Wei-Yan , Fukui Hajime , Chan Wei Xuan , Tan Kok Soon Justin , Roth Stéphane , Duchemin Anne-Laure , Messaddeq Nadia , Nakajima Hiroyuki , Liu Fei , Faggianelli-Conrozier Nathalie , Klymchenko Andrey S. , Choon Hwai Yap , Mochizuki Naoki , Vermot Julien
Published: January 2022

In the clinic, most cases of congenital heart valve defects are thought to arise through errors that occur after the endothelial–mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) stage of valve development. Although mechanical forces caused by heartbeat are essential modulators of cardiovascular development, their role in these later developmental events is poorly understood. To address this question, we used the zebrafish superior atrioventricular valve (AV) as a model. We found that cellularized cushions of the superior atrioventricular canal (AVC) morph into valve leaflets via mesenchymal–endothelial transition (MEndoT) and tissue sheet delamination. Defects in delamination result in thickened, hyperplastic valves, and reduced heart function. Mechanical, chemical, and genetic perturbation of cardiac forces showed that mechanical stimuli are important regulators of valve delamination. Mechanistically, we show that forces modulate Nfatc activity to control delamination. Together, our results establish the cellular and molecular signature of cardiac valve delamination in vivo and demonstrate the continuous regulatory role of mechanical forces and blood flow during valve formation.
A Bayesian approach to modeling phytoplankton population dynamics from size distribution time series
Authors: Mattern Jann Paul , Glauninger Kristof , Britten Gregory L. , Casey John R. , Hyun Sangwon , Wu Zhen , Armbrust E. Virginia , Harchaoui Zaid , Ribalet François
Published: January 2022

The rates of cell growth, division, and carbon loss of microbial populations are key parameters for understanding how organisms interact with their environment and how they contribute to the carbon cycle. However, the invasive nature of current analytical methods has hindered efforts to reliably quantify these parameters. In recent years, size-structured matrix population models (MPMs) have gained popularity for estimating division rates of microbial populations by mechanistically describing changes in microbial cell size distributions over time. Motivated by the mechanistic structure of these models, we employ a Bayesian approach to extend size-structured MPMs to capture additional biological processes describing the dynamics of a marine phytoplankton population over the day-night cycle. Our Bayesian framework is able to take prior scientific knowledge into account and generate biologically interpretable results. Using data from an exponentially growing laboratory culture of the cyanobacteriumProchlorococcus, we isolate respiratory and exudative carbon losses as critical parameters for the modeling of their population dynamics. The results suggest that this modeling framework can provide deeper insights into microbial population dynamics provided by size distribution time-series data.
Is there no “I” in team? Potential bias in key informant interviews when asking individuals to represent a collective perspective
Authors: Fleming Whitney , King Brittany , Robinson Kerrick , Wade Eric , Erickson Brian , Delie Jackie , de Ycaza Ricardo , Trimbach David , Spalding Ana , Biedenweg Kelly
Published: January 2022

This paper sought to understand the extent to which, and how individuals use personal or collective language when asked to articulate sense of place from a collective perspective. Understanding a collective sense of place could illuminate place-based connections in natural resource industries, where it is as groups or as institutions that organizations interact with the environment rather than as individuals. While there are well known methods for collecting information about sense of place at the individual level, there is a gap in understanding the best method to collect information at a collective level. We examined the use of key-informant interviews as a method to understand collective sense of place. In Bocas del Toro, Panama, ecotourism and environmentally based organizations are becoming more prolific due to abundant natural resources, making it an interesting case study for understanding sense of place from an organizational perspective. The use of personal and collective language is examined though in-depth semi-structured interviews from 15 environmentally-oriented organizations with a total of 17 interviews. This study specifically examined whether and how key informants, when prompted to speak for their organization, spoke collectively, reflecting a collective perspective versus their own. Methods included both quantitative analysis of personal versus collective language use frequency, and qualitative examinations of how individuals used personal versus collective language. Our results indicated no difference in the frequency with which individuals use personal versus collective language. We found that how individuals situated their perspectives into an organization reflects a complex personal and collective point of view reflecting five themes of personal versus collective language use: 1) sole personal perspective, 2) sole collective perspective, 3) distinction between collective and personal perspective; 4) organization perspective with insertion of “I think”; and 5) personal and collective perspective about organization and greater community. Our research identifies a previously undiscussed potential bias of key informant interviews. These findings have implications for how researchers approach collecting information beyond the individual level.
Comparison of ARIMA and LSTM for prediction of hemorrhagic fever at different time scales in China
Authors: Zhang Rui , Song Hejia , Chen Qiulan , Wang Yu , Wang Songwang , Li Yonghong
Published: January 2022

Objectives

This study intends to build and compare two kinds of forecasting models at different time scales for hemorrhagic fever incidence in China.

Methods

Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network (LSTM) were adopted to fit monthly, weekly and daily incidence of hemorrhagic fever in China from 2013 to 2018. The two models, combined and uncombined with rolling forecasts, were used to predict the incidence in 2019 to examine their stability and applicability.

Results

ARIMA (2, 1, 1) (0, 1, 1)12, ARIMA (1, 1, 3) (1, 1, 1)52 and ARIMA (5, 0, 1) were selected as the best fitting ARIMA model for monthly, weekly and daily incidence series, respectively. The LSTM model with 64 neurons and Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGDM) for monthly incidence, 8 neurons and Adaptive Moment Estimation (Adam) for weekly incidence, and 64 neurons and Root Mean Square Prop (RMSprop) for daily incidence were selected as the best fitting LSTM models. The values of root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the models combined with rolling forecasts in 2019 were lower than those of the direct forecasting models for both ARIMA and LSTM. It was shown from the forecasting performance in 2019 that ARIMA was better than LSTM for monthly and weekly forecasting while the LSTM was better than ARIMA for daily forecasting in rolling forecasting models.

Conclusions

Both ARIMA and LSTM could be used to build a prediction model for the incidence of hemorrhagic fever. Different models might be more suitable for the incidence prediction at different time scales. The findings can provide a good reference for future selection of prediction models and establishments of early warning systems for hemorrhagic fever.
A biogeographic 16S rRNA survey of bacterial communities of ureolytic biomineralization from California public restrooms
Authors: Lim Kahui , Rolston Matthew , Barnum Samantha , Wademan Cara , Leverenz Harold
Published: January 2022

In this study, we examined the total bacterial community associated with ureolytic biomineralization from urine drainage systems. Biomineral samples were obtained from 11 California Department of Transportation public restrooms fitted with waterless, low-flow, or conventional urinals in 2019. Following high throughput 16S rRNA Illumina sequences processed using the DADA2 pipeline, the microbial diversity assessment of 169 biomineral and urine samples resulted in 3,869 reference sequences aggregated as 598 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Using PERMANOVA testing, we found strong, significant differences between biomineral samples grouped by intrasystem sampling location and urinal type. Biomineral microbial community profiles and alpha diversities differed significantly when controlling for sampling season. Observational statistics revealed that biomineral samples obtained from waterless urinals contained the largest ureC/16S gene copy ratios and were the least diverse urinal type in terms of Shannon indices. Waterless urinal biomineral samples were largely dominated by the Bacilli class (86.1%) compared to low-flow (41.3%) and conventional samples (20.5%), and had the fewest genera that account for less than 2.5% relative abundance per OTU. Our findings are useful for future microbial ecology studies of urine source-separation technologies, as we have established a comparative basis using a large sample size and study area.