bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment of bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with systemic insecticides for the management of Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Da Silva Igor Honorato Leduino , De Almeida Waldiane Araújo , De Sousa Adalberto Hipólito
Published: April 2020

Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivation has great agricultural and food importance, but this crop production is generally affected by severe infestations of Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in the northern region of Brazil. An alternative for leaf beetle control is the use of physiological insecticides acting in the initial phase of plant growth, through pre-sowing seed treatment. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of systemic insecticides, based on thiamethoxam, imidacloprid and fipronil, on the germination performance of bean seeds, and to verify the efficacy of these insecticides on the control of C. arcuata. The research was carried out in two stages. Initially, under laboratory conditions, the influence of the insecticides on the germinating power of seeds was evaluated through the following parameters: germination, emergence, electrical conductivity and dry mass of the aerial part. In the field, the efficacy of the insecticides on the plant stand, number of insects per plant and level of foliar damage at 21 and 28 days of planting were evaluated. The insecticides investigated did not affect the germinating power of seeds when compared to the control. Regarding field results, there was a lower incidence of C. arcuata and less leaf damage to plants from seeds treated with systemic insecticides, showing greater crop protection in the period studied.
Imitation or Genuine Forms? Chinese Martial Arts in the Process of Cultural Globalisation
Authors: Ciembroniewicz Ewa
Published: April 2020

Far Eastern martial arts are now practiced worldwide and adopt a broad spectrum of forms, from traditionalist schools to combat systems or sports. It is hard to see them only as part of oriental culture, since they are substantially modified by the logic of capitalism and integrated into Western cultures. However, there is a risk that imitations might be taken for genuine forms. Commercialisation has influenced the way Far Eastern martial arts are understood today. They have become commodities belonging to the entertainment industry. Although very popular, the commercialised forms of martial arts do not reflect their true nature. This article poses the question whether it is still possible for traditional Far Eastern martial arts to exist in a commercialised and globalised world. It focuses on the case of kungfu/wǔshù, referring to how they are perceived, understood and adapted to contemporary conditions.
Kahoot in Maritime English Teaching: Its Impact on Nautical Science Cadet’s Oral Reproduction and Vocabulary
Authors: Sartini Sri
Published: April 2020

This type of research was Participatory Action Research using the Denzin and Lincoln (2005) model which consists of the Kahoot pre-action cycle and post-action cycle. This study aimed to examine the use of Kahoot Platform in Maritime English learning. It improved the speaking skill of nautical science cadets by the increasing number of maritime vocabularies as an indication. The results of this study described that the use of Kahoot quiz made learning experienced in the classroom very interactive, interesting, and effective, because of the two cycles carried out increased from the beginning of the cycle to the next cycle marked by the increasing number of correct answers done by the cadets. Thus, their vocabulary mastery increased as well. Kahoot not only increased vocabularies that supported cadet’s speaking skill initiated by the correct oral reproduction, but also increased cadet’s enthusiasm in learning Maritime English. In conclusion, the use of online gamification-based Kahoot quiz toward nautical science cadets at Sekolah Tinggi Maritim Yogyakarta had a significant impact on vocabulary mastery for effective communication skills.
The Intake of Some Nutrients is Associated with the Risk of Breast Cancer: Results from Jordanian Case-Control Study
Authors: Tayyem Reema F. , Mahmoud Reema I. , Marei Lina Salah
Published: April 2020

Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and is
considered the leading cause of cancer deaths in women globally. The aim
of this study is to evaluate the relationship between macro- and micronutrient
intake and BC risk among Jordanian women. A case-control design was used
in this study, and BC patients were recruited from the main two hospitals
provide cancer therapy in Jordan. Four hundred women aged 20-65 years
of age were enrolled in the study. For the cases, 200 recently diagnosed
BC women were selected from the two hospitals and matched in age and
marital status to 200 BC-free women. Dietary data were collected through
face-to-face interview using a validated food frequency questionnaire
between October 2016 and September 2017. To calculate odds ratio
(OR), logistic regression was used; while for p-trend the linear regression
was performed. The study results demonstrated that increasing the intake
of total energy and percentage of fat was significantly and positively
associated with BC (p-= 0.001). The risk of BC increased significantly and
positively as carbohydrate, sugar, fat, saturated fat and polyunsaturated
and monounsaturated fatty acids intake increased. A significant trend in
BC risk was found for cholesterol (p-= 0.005). The ORs for higher intakes
of vitamins E, B1, B2, and B3, folate and phosphorus showed a significant
association with the risk of BC (p-trend =0.001). A significant inverse effect
was detected between iron intake and BC risk (p-=0.001). The study findings
resulted in insight of the associations between the total energy intake and
some macro/micronutrients intake can be an increasing risk of BC.
Probiotic Potential of Blueberry Jam Fermented with Lactic Acid Bacteria
Authors: Chaudhary Aditya , Verma Khushbu , Singh Saharan Baljeet
Published: April 2020

The present study assesses the feasibility of blueberry as a raw substrate for the production of the probiotic blueberry jam by lactic acid bacteria (L. plantarum DB-2, L. fermentum J-1, P. acidilactici M-3, L. plantarum SK-3, and P. pentosaceus SM-2). Changes in pH, titratable acidity (lactic acid), cell survival, antioxidant properties, and in vitro cholesterol reduction properties of lacto- fermented as well as non-fermented blueberry jam were examined during fermentation and up to 28 days of storage. All the strains grew well in a lacto-fermented blueberry jam after 48 h fermentation. Set A (5.88 g/100 ml) and Set B (5.96 g/100 ml) produced less lactic acid than Set C (6.67 g/100 ml) which has the consortia of probiotic strains. After 28 days of cold storage, all the tested strains survived the low-pH conditions in lacto-fermented blueberry jam. The blueberry jam fermented with the consortia of probiotic strains (Set C) had a high antioxidant capacity (71.47 ± 3.57) in comparison with Set A, Set B, and control which showed anti-oxidant capacity viz. 70.52 ± 3.52, 70.25 ± 3.18, and 64.12 ± 2.47, respectively after 28 days of refrigerated storage. The lacto- fermented blueberry jam in Set C (58.48%) had shown the in vitro cholesterol-lowering ability better than Set B (18.87%) whereas Set A and control did not show any in vitro reduction in cholesterol level after 28 days of storage. Sensory quality studies were carried out after 28 days of storage. Sensory evaluation data showed the considerable acceptability of the lacto-fermented blueberry jam. Finally, we found that L. plantarum DB-2, L. fermentum J-1, P. acidilactici M-3, L. plantarum SK-3, and P. pentosaceus SM-2 are optimal probiotics for fermentation with blueberry jam. In this investigation, the results could be an indicator of the development of health-promoting fruit jam. This lacto-fermented blueberry jam is a low-cost healthy food product, provide better nutrition and good health to the population.
Effects of Frozen Storage on Viability of Probiotics and Antioxidant Capacities of Synbiotic Riceberry and Sesame-Riceberry Milk Ice Creams
Authors: Kemsawasd Varongsiri , Chaikham Pittaya
Published: April 2020

According to many recent studies, ice cream was found to be an effective carrier of probiotics along the human gastrointestinal tract. While probiotics have long been known to improve gut health, prebiotic-supplemented ice creams have demonstrated properties that could be linked to various health benefits and improvement of the gut microbiota. In this study, riceberry and sesame-riceberry milk ice creams were supplemented with inulin, Lactobacillus casei 01 and Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 to examine the changes of probiotic populations in different formulations of ice cream. The survivability of probiotics after 60 days of frozen storage and the level of viable cell tolerance towards the simulated gastrointestinal environment were also assessed, followed by sensory evaluation with 100 untrained panelists and determination of chemical qualities of ice cream samples. Findings revealed L. casei 01 to be more resistant to frozen storage compared to L acidophilus LA5, whereas addition of sesame milk and inulin were shown to minimize levels of viable cell loss following environmental and mechanical stress, suggesting enhanced probiotic activity. Significant reductions in probiotic viability were observed for all ice cream samples, however higher survival rates were observed in prebiotic-supplemented samples prior to and after 60 days of frozen storage. Probiotic cell counts in all samples exceeded the minimum recommended value (6 log CFU/g). In simulated gastric and bile fluid, all samples illustrated a significant change in probiotic levels, which significantly decreased with increase time of exposure to acidic and basic conditions. Probiotic strains in samples containing riceberry, sesame and inulin demonstrated greatest survivability as observed by reduction in pH and increased total acidity, with increased antioxidant and phenolic contents. On the other hand, changes in physicochemical properties of ice cream lowered overall sensory scores in terms of color and flavor. This study contributes to future development and applications of riceberry and sesame for inducement of synbiotic effects in novel probiotic products.
Prevalence of Accidental Injuries among Building Construction Workers in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md. Sumon , Karmaker C. L. , Roy Rakesh , Ahmed S.M. Tazim ,   Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408 Bangladesh,   Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408 Bangladesh,   Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408 Bangladesh,   Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408 Bangladesh
Published: April 2020

The construction sector is the biggest and most unsafe venture compared to other sectors of the world. The workers in this sector are more prone to accidental injuries. There are different types of agents and lacking for this type of injuries. The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of accidental injuries among building construction workers in Bangladesh. The agents and lacking behind these injuries also investigated. A survey on 390 building construction workers was conducted through a structured questionnaire. The survey data was built to find out the prevalence of accidental injuries among the construction workers. The Statistical Packages for the Social Science (SPSS) version 25 was used to analysis the data. The result indicates that overall 63.80% of the participants’ sufferred from at least one-body part injuries during their work time. Most of them (24.70%) injured due to falling from the height. The workplace safety facilities (41.70%) were identified as the main lacking of the construction management that led to major accidents. The proper implementation of workplace safety facilities and design or redesign the work process may reduce or eliminate this type of injuries.
Assessing Land Use and Land Cover Change in River Beas Floodplain, Punjab
Authors: Brar Gursewak Singh , Chandel Vishwa B.S. , Brar Karanjot Kaur ,   Department of Geography, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India,   Department of Geography, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India,   Department of Geography, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
Published: April 2020

Floodplains are the most fragile ecosystems of the world which attracted the humans since the dawn of civilizations. Due to their resource enrichment, these remained center of attraction to fulfill the socio-economic needs of people. As a result, the natural land cover of these floodplains are under the influence of human induced activities. River Beas Floodplain of Punjab has also witnessed such changes. Human intervention in these landscapes has depleted natural wealth and has altered its land use. Construction of upstream dam and artificial embankments and diversion of water through canals further paved the ways for intensification of land use changes. The outcome of these human actions is that wetlands, barren land, and river channels has reduced. On the other hand, agriculture and settlements recorded a sharp increase in recent decades. The growth of agricultural area and human settlements are putting pressure on the natural resources and depleting the human environment relationship in the floodplain. This study utilized multi-temporal satellite data from Landsat for the classification of land use and land cover.
Environmental Assessment of Imiringi River in South-South Nigeria: The Water Quality Index Approach
Authors: Aigberua Ayobami , Tarawou Timi , Erepamowei Young ,   Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State Nigeria .,   Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State Nigeria .,   Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State Nigeria .
Published: April 2020

The water quality index (WQI) is important because it aids in understanding complex water quality data. Hence, WQI of Imiringi River was evaluated in order to classify quality grade of the water in unambiguous terms. Apart from seepages emanating from oil installations that are located further upstream of Oswan community, dumpsite leachates and agricultural run-offs are some of the likely nonpoint sources of pollution. Because the river ebbs away during the dry term, samples were collected in the rainy period of August 2019 at duplicate points across five field locations. Physical and chemical tests were carried out for ten (10) water samples following standard analytical protocols. Results obtained are: conductivity (32.7 ± 2.7 µs/cm), iron (2.57 ± 0.53 mg/L), dissolved solids (18.1 ± 1.4 mg/L), pH (5.2 ± 0.1), alkalinity (1.1 ± 0.1 mg/L), hardness (1.4 ± 0.2 mg/L), calcium (0.34 ± 0.03 mg/L), magnesium (2.08 ± 0.32 mg/L), dissolved oxygen (10.5 ± 0.7 mg/L), chloride (9.8 ± 0.7 mg/L), nitrate (0.12 ± 0.04 mg/L) and biochemical oxygen demand (0.36 ± 0.08 mg/L). Generally, iron and pH values fell short of regulatory standards while pH represented the most significantly varying parameter (p < 0.05) across all locations owing to human influences and dilution effects across the watercourse. Also, conductivity and dissolved solids depicted the strongest inter-parameter association. Overall, the downstream section of river revealed the poorest water quality condition while the entire river stretch was classified as being unsuitable for drinking even though it can support aquatic life.
Evaluation of the Efficiency and Quality of the Water of the Al-Hartha Water Treatment Plant in Basra City
Authors: Chalabi Ahmed Sadiq Al ,   Department of Environmental and Pollution Eng., Southern Technical University, Al Basra Iraq
Published: April 2020

This study was conducted on the Al-Hartha Water Treatment Plant (HWTP), the largest water treatment plant in the city of Basra, during the period from December 2017 to March 2018. This study gives a description of the units and components of the HWTP, and aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the plant by calculating the efficiency of its sedimentation, filtration and sterilisation basins. Additionally, it aimed to examine its water quality by examining the physical and chemical characteristics of the raw water and treated water at this plant and then comparing the findings with the World Health Organisation (WHO) and Iraqi standard limitations.
The results of this study showed that the efficiency of the sedimentation basins is 57%, while the efficiency of the filtration basins is 13.3%, and the sterilisation efficiency ranges from 27 to 50%. The laboratory results for the treated water quality have shown that the turbidity is equal to 12.8 NTU, electrical conductivity (EC) is equal to 7750 µs/cm, the total salt concentration of the total dissolved solids (TDS) is equal to 5200 mg/l, and the concentration of the total suspended solids (TSS) is equal to 65 mg/l of the water outside from the HWTP. All these water quality results are higher than the WHO and Iraqi standard limitations, except the pH value of 6.95, which is within the permissible limits.
Emerging Approach to Uncover Cyanotoxins in Aquatic Environment: A Concise Review
Authors: Imam Tijjani Sabiu , Tsagero Muhammad Haruna , Ari Hadiza Abdullahi , Aminu Saudat Bashir , Ugya Adamu Yunusa ,   Department of Biological Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria .,   Biological Sciences Department, Al-Qalam University Katsina, Katsina State Nigeria,   Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Water Resources and Aquatic Environment of Jilin Province, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012 China,   Department of Biological Sciences, Kaduna State University, Kaduna State Nigeria,   Department of Environmental Management, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria
Published: April 2020

The detection of cyanotoxins in aquatic environment is paramount due to its negative impact on aquatic biota. Various types of analytical techniques have been employed to qualify and quantify the presences of cyanotoxins in aquatic environment but most of these methods are not easily accessible. This mini-review concisely summarized the emerging approaches used to uncover cyanotoxins in aquatic environment. The methods of quantifying cyanotoxins in aquatic environment including bio-analytical methods, molecular methods and bioassay methods was compare with the efficiency of the use of analytical methods in the quantification of cyanotoxins from aquatic environment. The mini-review shows that although, analytical methods are highly effective in the determination of cyanotoxins in aquatic environment, these require a high-level laboratory skills and expertise whereas bio-analytical methods, molecular methods and bioassay method are highly sensitive, easily accessible and effective in the quantification of cyanotoxins in aquatic environment. These emerging techniques are important tools that can be used to prevent the toxicity associated with algae blooms because these methods have the capacity to detect the presences of micro quantity of these toxins in aquatic environment before algae blooms occur. These mini-review shows that bio-analytical methods, molecular methods and bioassay have limitations that make analytical methods the best option for the detection of cyanotoxins in aquatic environment despite the fact that high skills are needed to actualized the aim, it is thereby recommended that more research should be conducted to eradicate the challenges associated with the use of biological methods for the detection of cyanotoxins in aquatic environment.
Assessment of lowest chromium bioaccumulation vegetables irrigated by Sheba Leather Industry contaminated water in Wukro, Tigray – Ethiopia
Authors: Weldemariam Abraha Kahsay ,   Department of Environmental Science, Adigrat University, P.O.Box: 50 Adigrat Ethiopia
Published: April 2020

High chromium concentration is threatening to the environment, since it is persistent and non-biodegradable pollutant while introduced once to our planet. Bioaccumulation capacity of chromium has carcinogenic potential to human beings. To minimize the risk of chromium bioaccumulation, the study was conducted in Wukro irrigation fields. 54 plants, 24 water and 18 soil samples were collected in triplication from the selected points of upstream, treatment plant and downstream of the Sheba leather industry. Samples were transported to advanced laboratory for chromium analysis and results were analysed by R-software. Downstream vegetable samples were measured higher chromium bioaccumulation compared to the upstream sites. Highest chromium concentration was recorded in rood edible vegetables, and the lowest was measured in fruit edible vegetables. Chromium concentration was significantly different between the upstream and downstream vegetables, water and soil samples at p<0.01, p<0.05 and p < 0.001 respectively. The chromium bioaccumulation order were root edible > leaf edible > fruit edible vegetables. Environmental laws have to be strictly enforced and further researches are recommended.
Influence of Coal Fly-Ash on Soil Properties and Productivity of Chickpea Crop in Semi-Arid Region of Bundelkhand
Authors: Tripathi D. M. , Singh Deepa , Tripathi Smriti ,   Department of Microbiology, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi India,   Department of Microbiology, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi India,   Institute of Environment and Development Studies, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi India
Published: April 2020

Fly ash changes the soil properties which may cause disastrous influence on microbial activity and growth of the plant. However, the scientific studies on the influence of fly ash in various combination with an organic fertilizers on soil properties and microbial response at semi-arid region of Bundelkhand soil is scanty in India. The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of lower or higher doses of fly ash on the soil physico-chemical characteristic, microbial population and growth of leguminous plant chickpea (cicer arietinum L), an important crop of Bundelkhand. The field experiment was conducted during winter, different treatment were made such as control with no amendment of fly ash (T1), amendment of fly ash at the rate of 10tha-1(T2), 20tha-1(T3), 30tha-1 (T4), 40tha-1 (T5),50tha-1 (T6) in combination with vermi-compost (2tha-1 in soil) and Nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus (20kgN ha-1 +20kg k2O ha-1 + 50 kgP2O5 ha-1 in soil) with three replications. In the present study, it was seen that fly ash, increased water holding capacity (WHC), moisture content, pH, soil porosity, organic carbon and electrical conductivity values of the soil. An increasing trend was also seen in P, K, S, and Mn, concentration from 9.87 to 12.21kg ha-1, 121to 124 kg ha-1, 9.36 to 12.14mg/kg and 9.27 to 87 mg/kg, respectively whereas bulk density and total nitrogen decreased from 1.29 to 1.24 g/cm3 and 247 to 205 kg ha-1, respectively in the fly ash applied soil. The application of fly ash at 20tha-1 (T3) was found optimum for bacterial population though the fly ash level exceeding 20tha-1, resulted decline microbial population.
Cidades inteligentes: a busca pela sustentabilidade e o impacto na privacidade
Authors: Freitas Vladimir Passos de , Silva Luciana Caetano da
Published: April 2020

O crescimento populacional nas cidades impôs a busca por alternativas para atender os anseios sociais por uma melhor qualidade de vida. Trata-se de um desafio para os gestores, pois são muitos fatores a serem melhorados, desde a infraestrutura até a redução de violência. O presente artigo tem por objetivo estudar um novo modelo de cidade, almejado tanto nacional como internacionalmente, denominado smart city ou cidade inteligente. Para alcançar esse escopo, utilizou-se o método hipotético-dedutivo, para análise da doutrina e legislação. O exame da matéria contém três tópicos. O primeiro consiste em destacar as implicações ambientais advindas com o crescimento urbano; o segundo ressalta os modelos de planejamentos urbanos, entre eles a smart city, para em seguida adentrar no centro nevrálgico do estudo, que é o desafio jurídico advindo com a implementação das cidades inteligentes. Esse último percurso focaliza na violação de privacidade dos cidadãos e na legislação brasileira. Feita a pesquisa, concluiu-se que as cidades inteligentes possuem vantagens e desvantagens e que o direito brasileiro possui mecanismos para coibir a transgressão à privacidade do cidadão. Porém, constata-se que é necessário conscientizar a população sobre essas novas tecnologias que estão sendo inseridas, bem como os seus riscos.
Da necessidade de proteção processual especial ao direito ambiental
Authors: Pinto Nelson Luiz
Published: April 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a necessidade de e uma proteção processual especial no direito ambiental, tendo em vista a relevância dos bens jurídicos a serem protegidos.  Primeiramente, apresentamos algumas considerações sobre a efetividade da tutela jurisdicional. Em seguida, faremos uma breve análise das diversas espécies de tutelas jurisdicional, com ênfase para tutela mandamental e para a tutela cautelar de urgência. Procuraremos destacar a relevância e a importância do sistema de proteção ao meio ambiente, bem como os mecanismos para proteção do meio ambiente no âmbito direito processual. Por fim, em conclusão, será verificada a necessidade de proteção processual especial no âmbito do direito ambiental, não apenas por força da natureza excepcional dos bens envolvidos e de sua vital importância para toda a humanidade, mas também porque os eventos danosos ao meio ambiente são notadamente irreversíveis, de modo a merecer especial atenção do Estado-Juiz visando a concessão de tutela jurisdicional célere e eficaz para proteção do meio ambiente e, consequentemente, de toda a coletividade.
What COVID-19 means to us all
Authors: Bissett Julie
Published: April 2020

Feeling conflicted and confused? Julie Bissett considers the changing landscape of our day-to-day lives, as she writes this month's editorial mid-lockdown
‘It's a long career without sunshine’
Authors: Atkins Ben
Published: April 2020

We have all learnt the value of work recently. Here, dentist Ben Atkins, president of the Oral Health Foundation, highlights ways to add colour to your career – once the COVID-19 cloud has lifted
Taking back control
Authors: Crowe Carolyne
Published: April 2020

At a time when our world is rapidly changing, in ways that we cannot control, it is more important than ever to lean in and be there for each other and for ourselves. Taking back control requires recognising what is under our control, what we can influence and what is outside our sphere of influence, followed by taking action to control what we can, and learning not to waste mental, physical or emotional energy fighting what we cannot control.
How to nurse the geriatric patient
Authors: Caldwell Felicity
Published: April 2020

Veterinary nurses should have a good understanding of the geriatric years and ageing process for the many patients seen in practice on a day-to-day basis. With this understanding, it is also important to provide advice and support to those owners with a geriatric pet, guiding and monitoring the patient throughout their older years. Ageing is a normal, progressive but irreversible process within the body, and bodily functions and systems will begin slowing down. Implementing care plans for the geriatric patient can improve the quality of their care, as nurses can assess and address the many systems and potential disease processes that may be affecting the patient.
Optical characterization of laser retroreflector arrays for lunar
landers
Authors: Cremons Daniel R. , Sun Xiaoli , Denny Zachary , Wake Shane W. , Hoffman Evan D. , Mazarico Erwan , Aaron Edward C. , Smith David E.
Published: April 2020

The Laser Retroreflector Array for Lunar Landers (LRALL) is a small
optical instrument designed to provide a target for precision laser
ranging from a spacecraft in lunar orbit, enabling geolocation of the
lander and its instrument suite and establishing a fiducial maker on
the lunar surface. Here we describe the optical performance of LRALL
at visible and near-infrared wavelengths. Individual corner cube
reflectors (CCRs) within LRALL were tested for surface flatness and
dihedral angle values. We also imaged the far-field diffraction
patterns of individual CCRs as well as the entire retroreflector array
over the range of possible incident angles to extract the optical
cross section as a function of viewing angle. We also measured the
optical properties of one of the CCRs over the lunar temperature range
(100–380 K) and found no significant temperature-dependent variance.
The test results show LRALL meets the design criteria and can be
ranged to elevation angles above 30° with respect to the
instrument base from an orbital laser altimeter such as the Lunar
Orbiter Laser Altimeter on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. This work
summarizes the test data and serves as a guide for future laser
ranging to these retroreflector arrays.
Compensating for nonlinear dispersion in channeled spectropolarimetry
Authors: Hagen Nathan , Buranasiri Prathan , Otani Yukitoshi
Published: April 2020

All common waveplate materials exhibit nonlinear dispersion of
retardance, producing an unwanted chirp in the interference fringes
that channeled spectropolarimeters use for heterodyning polarization
data. After showing how to quantify this nonlinearity, we survey the
common waveplate materials and find that

MgF
2

has significantly lower nonlinearity
than any other available material. We also quantify the degree of
crosstalk caused by dispersion nonlinearity and show that, unlike in
linear dispersion, the degree of crosstalk depends on the sequence of
how the phase calibration is implemented. Regardless of how the
calibrated phases have been obtained, shifting each channel to
baseband prior to windowing minimizes crosstalk error.
Computational methods in applying the angular spectrum algorithm to optical fibers
Authors: Cottrell Don M. , Davis Jeffrey A.
Published: April 2020

We have been investigating the angular spectrum method for analysis of single-mode and multimode optical fibers. The justification is simple because the approach requires less computational time than other methods because it is heavily dependent on the fast Fourier transform. This method should become much more important as new approaches are being studied for higher data rate transmission. We examine two basic components in the application of this technique to propagation of light in optical fibers – an absorbing layer at the outer radius and design of the interface between the cord and cladding of the optical fiber.
Phosphor-free single chip GaN-based white light emitting diodes with a moderate color rendering index and significantly enhanced communications bandwidth
Authors: Wan Rongqiao , Gao Xiang , Wang Liancheng , Zhang Shuo , Chen Xiongbin , Liu Zhiqiang , Yi Xiaoyan , Wang Junxi , Li Junhui , Zhu Wenhui , Li Jinmin
Published: April 2020

To achieve high quality lighting and visible light communication (VLC) simultaneously, GaN based white light emitting diodes (WLEDs) oriented for lighting in VLC has attracted great interest. However, the overall bandwidth of conventional phosphor converted WLEDs is limited by the long lifetime of phosphor, the slow Stokes transfer process, the resistance-capacitance (RC) time delay, and the quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE). Here by adopting a self-assembled InGaN quantum dots (QDs) structure, we have fabricated phosphor-free single chip WLEDs with tunable correlated color temperature (CCT, from 1600 K to 6000 K), a broadband spectrum, a moderate color rendering index (CRI) of 75, and a significantly improved modulation bandwidth (maximum of 150 MHz) at a low current density of

72
  
A
/

cm

2

. The broadband spectrum and high modulation bandwidth are ascribed to the capture of carriers by different localized states of InGaN QDs with alleviative QCSE as compared to the traditional InGaN/GaN quantum well (QW) structures. We believe the approach reported in this work will find its potential application in GaN WLEDs and advance the development of semiconductor lighting-communication integration.
O Impacto da Consultoria Parental no Desenvolvimento Vocacional
Authors: Gonçalves Carlos Manuel , Rocha Vasco Dias
Published: April 2020

Os pais, enquanto figuras significativas, têm vindo a ser apontados pela investigação como determinantes nos processos subjacentes à construção dos percursos ou trajetórias vocacionais dos seus filhos. Partindo desta constatação da literatura, a presente investigação procura compreender o impacto de um projeto de consultoria parental – delineado e co-construído a partir de uma metodologia processual de projeto, sustentado numa abordagem Construtivista, Ecológica e Desenvolvimentista –, no processo de desenvolvimento vocacional dos filhos. No que respeita à eficácia da intervenção, os resultados quantitativos, confirmados pelos qualitativos registados ao longo do processo, apontam para uma clara mais-valia das intervenções de projetos de consultoria parental na promoção do desenvolvimento vocacional dos filhos, como sublinham e indicam as diferenças estatisticamente significativas registadas, em termos de investimento vocacional, entre GEI e GEII. Os resultados apontam também para as enormes vantagens das intervenções que optam por uma metodologia de projeto em detrimento das intervenções pontuais, pré-programadas e centradas predominantemente na instrução/informação, como se confirma nas diferenças estatisticamente significativas que se registam entre os dois GE e o GC.
Uma Galeria de Imagens
Authors: Inocêncio Andrea
Published: April 2020

Flights & Falls
Witnessing in a Time of Homeland Futurities
Authors: Fukushima Annie
Published: April 2020

Current US rhetorical strategies of imagining a future of the homeland have led to the creation and utilisation of new technologies to contain and manage the border. These responses to the US border and immigration impact anti-trafficking efforts, sustaining a ‘homeland futurity’. Homeland futurity draws on and extends discourses of emergency that solidify borders as dangerous and risky. This article traces how homeland futurities emerged in US anti-trafficking efforts. Drawing upon interviews and focus group discussions with service providers and survivors of violence in San Francisco, the article demonstrates how migrant labourers are impacted by a discourse of threat and containment of the border. However, migrant labourers and their allies are innovating to secure a life that mitigates risk through migrant labourers’ use of technology. This article illustrates through the example of Contratados.org how technology may facilitate opportunities of future visioning by migrant labourers beyond a homeland futurity, to enact practices that bring to the centre migrants and their experiences through social networking and information sharing on job prospects.
The Use of Digital Evidence in Human Trafficking Investigations
Authors: Chen Isabella , Tortosa Celeste
Published: April 2020

This short article two NGO workers’ experience providing legal and social support to twenty Venezuelan women who were trafficked through the use of social media and chat apps. It shows how the digital evidence from online interactions between the women and their traffickers was used in the investigation and successful prosecution of the case. The article concludes, however, that this does not apply to all women that the NGO supports, and thus digital evidence, and technology, have only limited application in anti-trafficking efforts.
GC-MS Analysis of European Mistletoe (Viscum album L.) Plant Grown at Syrian Coastal Area
Authors: Kamal Mahmoud , Kaddour Ahmad Al-Sheikh , Haroun Mohamad , Yassin Mofeed
Published: April 2020

In this study, efforts were made to isolate phtochemicals from European mistletoe (Viscum album L.)
using hot (Soxhlet) and cold (magnetic rotation) extraction methods. The dried Viscum album L. (10
g) were extracted exhaustively by Soxhlet with methanol and dichloroethane solvents. Subsequently,
1 μL of sample was utilized for GC/MS analysis, which exhibited 50 peaks of phytoconstituents in
the range of 0.12-22.04%. The highest flavonoids content was determined using quercetin calibration
curve having a value of 62.26 mg QE/g dry weight.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Palladium(II) Schiff
Base Complexes Derived from β-Diketones and Diamines
Authors: Gupta Mridula , Valecha Sheela M.
Published: April 2020

A new series of heterocyclic Schiff bases were prepared from condensation of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-acetyl/benzoyl-pyrazolone with 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane and 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether, resulting in the formation of four novel Schiff base ligands. These ligands were then treated with ethanolic solution of PdCl2, to form corresponding palladium(II) complexes. These complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, TGA, magnetic susceptibility measurements and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. All the Pd(II) complexes were found to have one coordinated water molecule. Schiff base ligands chelated with the metal atom through two donor sites N and O of azomethine
(-C=N-) and phenolic (-OH) groups, respectively.
Citrus sinensis Seed as a Potential Source of Quality Edible and Industrial Oil
Authors: Barku Victor Y.A. , Opoku-Boahen Yaw , Ackon Vida
Published: April 2020

Seeds of sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis) were analyzed for oil and fatty acid composition. The crude
oil was extracted by the use of soxhlet extraction. The results showed that oil content is as high as 71
%. The physico-chemical assessment gave the following results: refractive index (1.457), peroxide
value (4.12 meq/kg) and iodine value (34.06 Wijs). The ATR-IR spectrum of oil showed prominent
bands at 3008.6, 2921.73, 2852.7, 1742.86, 1709.23, 1460, 1167.66, 1117.39 and 1051.16 cm-1 that
identified fatty acid composition. The percentage compositions of various classes of fatty acids present
in the oil were polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs, 39.82 %), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs,
57.08 %) and saturated fatty acids (SFAs, 3.09 %). The oil has linoleic acid (18:2, n-6) as the only
PUFA and the second highest fatty acid composition (25.63 %). Palmitoleic acid is the highest MUFA
(56.30 %) as well as the highest fatty acid composition while capric acid (C10:0) is the lowest fatty
acid (0.02 %). These results and in addition to the low compositions of erucic acid, behenic acid and
lignoceric acid indicated that the seed oil of sweet orange is possible suitable for both human
consumption and industrial purposes.
Design, Synthesis and Characterization of Pyrimidine based Thiazolidinedione Derivatives
Authors: Sharma Vijay Kumar , Barde Anup , Rattan Sunita
Published: April 2020

Novel thiazolidine-2,4-dione (TZD) based pyrimidine derivatives have been synthesized by
Knoevenagel condensation reaction between thiazolidine-2,4-dione and amino pyrimidinyl aliphatic
aldehydes followed by heterogeneous metal reduction. Synthetic strategy involved nucleophillic
substitution of hydroxyl protected six membered aliphatic chain on 4,6-dichloropyrimidine followed
by Suzuki coupling. This approach is regioselective, efficient and versatile for synthesis of such analogs
Simultaneous and Trace Level Determination of Six Potential Impurities by
UPLC-ESI-MS/MS in Antiarrhythmic Drug: Dronedarone Hydrochloride
Authors: Raja K. Durga , Venkata Ramana V. Saradhi , Babu K. Raghu , Babu B. Kishore , Kumar V. Jagadeesh , Pavan Kumar K.S.R. , Sharma Hemant Kumar
Published: April 2020

Development and validation of six potential impurities by ultra performance liquid chromatography
electro spray ionization tandem mass (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method for dronedarone hydrochloride
drug was accomplished coherent with ICH guidelines. Successful chromatographic separation of
dronedarone with its six impurities was attained by using gradient elution mode on RP-UPLC column
using three pump mode system of 0.1 % formic acid in water as mobile phase A, methanol as the
mobile phase B and solvent mixture of methanol, acetonitrile and water in the ratio of 65:30:5 v/v/v as
the mobile phase C. Chromatographic conditions were set as 0.3 mL min-1 flow rate at the column
temperature of 45 °C with the injection volume 2 μL. Briefly, the method enabled quantitation of six
impurities with high accuracy (recovery > 90 %) and precision (% RSD < 5.0),within the ranges of
0.18-2.82 μg g-1. The regression (r) for each impurity over a range was > 0.99. The detection limit and
quantitation limit of impurities were set at 0.09 and 0.18 μg g-1, respectively. The performed validation
tests proved the suitability of the method for its intended purposes.
Synthesis and Biological Activities of Some Novel Spiro Heterocyclic Pyrrolizidine
Derivatives of 11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxaline through 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition
Authors: Kumar Nakul , Lal Chhagan , Singh Bijendra , Patel Angik K.
Published: April 2020

The synthesis of spiropyrrolidines by the Knoevenagel condensation has been reported as highly
bioactive natural and synthetic organic products. The synthesis was initiated by Knoevenagel
condensation of indole-2-one with an appropriate benzaldehyde in presence of L-proline to afford
spiropyrrolidines. Herein, a design and pathway of syntheses of a library of spiropyrrolidines bearing
spiro heterocyclic indeno[1,2-b]quinoxaline-11-one motifs were reported, which also demonstrated
an exceptional inhibitory activity against the anticancer cells. A novel series of dispiroindenoquinoxaline
pyrrolizidines were synthesized by the condensation of indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one and starting
material (a product of ninhydrin and aldehyde derivatives). The structure of the synthesized compounds
was established by spectral data.
La pandemia COVID-19: lo que hemos aprendido hasta ahora desde España
Authors: Lorenzo Sergio Minué
Published: April 2020

La pandemia COVID-19, producida por el virus SARS-CoV-2, ha producido un efecto devastador a nivel mundial, con efectos no antes observados en la vida de las personas y en la economía de los países. Esto paper analisa la respuesta del sistema sanitario español frente a la pandemia. Ademas, se proponie algumas recomendaciones para seguir adelante basadas en la revisión de la literatura publicada y en la propia evolución de la pandemia en España.
A Vigilância Epidemiológica diante do Sars-Cov-2: desafios para o SUS e a Atenção Primária à Saúde
Authors: Turci Maria Aparecida , Holliday Julia Braga , De Oliveira Nerice Cristina Ventura Costa
Published: April 2020

Em fevereiro de 2018, a Organização Mundial de Saúde divulgou a lista atualizada de agentes patogênicos prioritários, que podem causar emergências de saúde pública para as quais não existem medidas suficientes de contenção, como drogas ou vacinas. A lista é elaborada e atualizada periodicamente, visando a aceleração de pesquisas.  Febre do Congo, de Marburgo, de Lassa, o Ebola, vírus zika, dentre outras, estava a Doença X. Segundo a OPAS (2018), a doença X representa o conhecimento de que uma epidemia internacional grave pode ser causada por um patógeno, atualmente desconhecido, que provoca doenças humanas e para o qual o mundo deveria se preparar antecipadamente.

Então, em dezembro de 2019, a China comunica à OMS sobre a ocorrência de casos atípicos de pneumonia em Wuhan, província de Hubei (WHO, 2020). Ainda na primeira semana de janeiro, as autoridades chinesas confirmam se tratar de um novo agente patogênico: Um coronavírus, posteriormente denominado Sars-Cov-s e a doença Covid19.
Investigation of geochemical quality of water from public fountains of Salvador
Authors: Silva Ana Carina Matos , Cruz Manoel Jerônimo Moreira , Azevedo Isabel Honorata Souza de , Milazzo Alexandre Dacorso Daltro
Published: April 2020

This study aims to characterize, in terms of physicochemical, bacteriological and metal concentration parameters, the water quality of public fountains in the city of Salvador (Bahia, Brazil), in order to identify its potential for current uses, contributing to the diagnosis of water quality on the public access. Therefore, campaigns were conducted in July and November of 2017 and 2018 in four fountains (Fonte Nova, Estica, Pedrinhas/Pedreiras and Express way), which were geo-referenced and analyzed physical-chemical parameters (pH, conductivity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity and total dissolved solids, salinity, sulfate, nitrate, chloride and alkalinity), bacteriological (thermotolerant coliforms) and metals (Cd, Pb, Ni, Co, Cr, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn). The fountains showed values in disagreement with the CONAMA Ordinances 396/2008, 357/2005, and 274/2000 mainly about the pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Nitrate and Thermotolerant Coliforms parameters, indicating inadequacy for their intended uses. This information should support decision making and mitigation measures that minimize the environmental degradation of urban fountains in the city of Salvador (BA), from the adoption of recovery, revitalization and monitoring measures that enable the effective management of these water resources.
Costs and Use of Health Care in Patients With Celiac Disease: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study
Authors: Mårild Karl , Söderling Jonas , Bozorg Soran R. , Everhov Åsa H. , Lebwohl Benjamin , Green Peter H.R. , Neovius Martin , Ludvigsson Jonas F.
Published: April 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Celiac disease (CD) affects 1% of the population. Its effect on healthcare cost, however, is barely understood. We estimated healthcare use and cost in CD, including their temporal relationship to diagnosis.

METHODS:

Through biopsy reports from Sweden's 28 pathology departments, we identified 40,951 prevalent patients with CD (villous atrophy) as of January 1, 2015, and 15,086 incident patients with CD diagnosed in 2008–2015, including 2,663 who underwent a follow-up biopsy to document mucosal healing. Each patient was compared with age- and sex-matched general population comparators (n = 187,542). Using nationwide health registers, we retrieved data on all inpatient and nonprimary outpatient care, prescribed diets, and drugs.

RESULTS:

Compared with comparators, healthcare costs in 2015 were, on average, $1,075 (95% confidence interval, $864–1,278) higher in prevalent patients with CD aged <18 years, $715 ($632–803) in ages 18–64 years, and $1,010 ($799–1,230) in ages ≥65 years. Half of all costs were attributed to 5% of the prevalent patients. Annual healthcare costs were $391 higher 5 years before diagnosis and increased until 1 year after diagnosis; costs then declined but remained 75% higher than those of comparators 5 years postdiagnosis (annual difference = $1,044). Although hospitalizations, nonprimary outpatient visits, and medication use were all more common with CD, excess costs were largely unrelated to the prescription of gluten-free staples and follow-up visits for CD. Mucosal healing in CD did not reduce the healthcare costs.

DISCUSSION:

The use and costs of health care are increased in CD, not only before, but for years after diagnosis. Mucosal healing does not seem to lower the healthcare costs.