bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Repensar el museo desde la vida
Authors: Barcenilla Haizea
Published: February 2020

Este artículo centra su atención en la correspondencia entre la materialidad y la inmaterialidad del patrimonio, otorgando especial relevancia a este segundo ámbito, entendido como el espacio en que se tejen las relaciones de revitalización y actualización del patrimonio, de su disfrute común y de su transmisión intergeneracional. Para profundizar en esta idea, se cruzan las concepciones de patrimonio inmaterial y la idea de patrimonio vivo con los conceptos de la vida que merece ser vivida y del Buen Vivir. Se presenta un proyecto, Itonami Daisen en Japón, como ejemplo de este tejido, y como incentivo para aventurarnos a pensar nuevas formas de museo, menos enfocadas a los objetos patrimoniales materiales, y más a su activación en la vida cultural y común.
El Museo de Arte Contemporáneo José María Moreno Galván: la crítica de arte como mediación
Authors: Rivero Gómez Miguel Ángel
Published: February 2020

El presente artículo tiene como protagonista al Museo de Arte Contemporáneo José María Moreno Galván, de La Puebla de Cazalla (Sevilla). Se trata de un particular museo al estar dedicado a un crítico de arte y no a un artista, como es habitual. Este proyecto, sin embargo, alcanza una alta dosis de coherencia precisamente por eso. Porque entre las funciones de los museos está la divulgación de los contenidos que alberga, facilitando su acceso y comprensión al visitante. Y porque esa es asimismo la labor del crítico de arte, que asumió con todas sus consecuencias José María Moreno Galván, acercando al público a la comprensión y convivencia con el arte de su tiempo.
Estudio-taller Berrocal: experimentar el museo de otro modo
Authors: Gámez Millán Sebastián
Published: February 2020

Este artículo se compone de dos partes. En la primera, voy a ofrecer cinco razones de por qué este Estudio-taller permite experimentar de otro modo eso que llamamos “museo”: 1) Espacio de creación y creación de espacios; 2) Espacio de experimentación, no para ver de modo pasivo; 3) Experiencia personal, no masificada; 4) Volver: un criterio de distinción de una experiencia edificante; 5) Tiendas y fetichismo vs. Mundo de la obra. En cambio, en la segunda parte ofreceré una visión panorámica de lo que puede ser una visita al Estudio-taller Berrocal, combinando información biográfica con su trayectoria artística y, sobre todo, con interpretaciones estéticas: 1) la Vanguardia de la Tradición; 2) el arte en la época de la reproductibilidad técnica; 3) Posmodernidad y diálogos intra-artísticos; 4) Arte, ciencia, tecnología.
Redes virtuales, nuevo espacio para el arte. Una lectura desde la transgresión
Authors: Fernández Cabaleiro María Begoña
Published: February 2020

Los nuevos medios y espacios expositivos en red están provocando profundas transformaciones en el entramado artístico constituido a lo largo de la Historia. Surge una nueva forma de afrontar la creación de obras de arte y los espacios donde mostrarlas al público: el espacio virtual se convierte en una realidad viva y activa que ensombrece a los espacios tradicionales como museos o galerías. La reproductibilidad técnica que apuntaba Walter Benjamin ha dado paso a la difusión ilimitada de la obra de arte  través de redes sociales donde la obra de arte es objeto de manipulación, transformación y transgresión de importantes consecuencias. La gran obra de arte ha salido del «santuario» expositivo de museos y galerías de colecciones. La red casi infinita es el nuevo espacio de la obra transgredida. El público anónimo es el gran transgresor transformador.
ФУНКЦИОНИСАЊЕ ОСОБА СА ИНВИДУАЛИТЕТОМ У СОЦИЈАЛНОЈ СРЕДИНИ
Authors: Мацановић Небојша , Протић Срећко
Published: February 2020

Особе са инвалидитетом представљају велики социјални проблем сваког друштва. Имајући у виду да ову групу, код нас, чине прије свега дјеца и млади, настојање друштвене заједнице да их интегрише у социјалну средину чини се потпуно оправданим. Успјешна социјална интеграција подразумијева укључивање особа са инвалидитетом у школску, радну и ширу социјалну средину. Упркос овом ставу, значајан број особа инвалидитетом има проблем да активно учествује у свакодневним животним активностима и партиципира у друштвеној заједници. Истовремено велик број особа са инвалидитетом да нема осјећај припадности друштвеној заједници. Управо полазећи од ове чињенице, циљ овога рада да укажемо колико инвалидитет, физичке баријере, предрасуде и ставови околине отежавају и ограничавају социјалну партиципацију ових особа и чине ову популацију невидљивом не само у друштвеном контексту, већ и у научном истраживању.
Using subthreshold events to characterize the functional architecture of the electrically coupled inferior olive network
Authors: Lefler Yaara , Amsalem Oren , Vrieler Nora , Segev Idan , Yarom Yosef
Published: February 2020

The electrical connectivity in the inferior olive (IO) nucleus plays an important role in generating well-timed spiking activity. Here we combined electrophysiological and computational approaches to assess the functional organization of the IO nucleus in mice. Spontaneous fast and slow subthreshold events were commonly encountered during in vitro recordings. We show that whereas the fast events represent intrinsic regenerative activity, the slow events reflect the electrical connectivity between neurons (‘spikelets’). Recordings from cell pairs revealed the synchronized occurrence of distinct groups of spikelets; their rate and distribution enabled an accurate estimation of the number of connected cells and is suggestive of a clustered organization. This study thus provides a new perspective on the functional and structural organization of the olivary nucleus and a novel experimental and theoretical approach to study electrically coupled networks.
Origin of the mechanism of phenotypic plasticity in satyrid butterfly eyespots
Authors: Bhardwaj Shivam , Jolander Lim Si-Hui , Wenk Markus R , Oliver Jeffrey C , Nijhout H Frederik , Monteiro Antonia
Published: February 2020

Plasticity is often regarded as a derived adaptation to help organisms survive in variable but predictable environments, however, we currently lack a rigorous, mechanistic examination of how plasticity evolves in a large comparative framework. Here, we show that phenotypic plasticity in eyespot size in response to environmental temperature observed in Bicyclus anynana satyrid butterflies is a complex derived adaptation of this lineage. By reconstructing the evolution of known physiological and molecular components of eyespot size plasticity in a comparative framework, we showed that 20E titer plasticity in response to temperature is a pre-adaptation shared by all butterfly species examined, whereas expression of EcR in eyespot centers, and eyespot sensitivity to 20E, are both derived traits found only in a subset of species with eyespots.
Organic electrochemical transistor arrays for real-time mapping of evoked neurotransmitter release in vivo
Authors: Xie Kai , Wang Naixiang , Lin Xudong , Wang Zixun , Zhao Xi , Fang Peilin , Yue Haibing , Kim Junhwi , Luo Jing , Cui Shaoyang , Yan Feng , Shi Peng
Published: February 2020

Though neurotransmitters are essential elements in neuronal signal transduction, techniques for in vivo analysis are still limited. Here, we describe an organic electrochemical transistor array (OECT-array) technique for monitoring catecholamine neurotransmitters (CA-NTs) in rat brains. The OECT-array is an active sensor with intrinsic amplification capability, allowing real-time and direct readout of transient CA-NT release with a sensitivity of nanomolar range and a temporal resolution of several milliseconds. The device has a working voltage lower than half of that typically used in a prevalent cyclic voltammetry measurement, and operates continuously in vivo for hours without significant signal drift, which is inaccessible for existing methods. With the OECT-array, we demonstrate simultaneous mapping of evoked dopamine release at multiple striatal brain regions in different physiological scenarios, and reveal a complex cross-talk between the mesolimbic and the nigrostriatal pathways, which is heterogeneously affected by the reciprocal innervation between ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra pars compacta.
Body height in young adult men and risk of dementia later in adult life
Authors: Jørgensen Terese Sara Høj , Okholm Gunhild Tidemann , Christensen Kaare , Sørensen Thorkild IA , Osler Merere
Published: February 2020

This study examined the relationship between body height and dementia and explored the impact of intelligence level, educational attainment, early life environment and familial factors. A total of 666,333 men, 70,608 brothers, and 7388 twin brothers born 1939–1959 and examined at the conscript board were followed in Danish nationwide registers (1969–2016). Cox regression models were applied to analyze the association between body height and dementia. Within-brothers and within-twin pair analyses were conducted to explore the role of shared familial factors including partly shared genetics. In total, 10,599 men were diagnosed with dementia. The association between one z-score difference in body height and dementia (HR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.89;0.90) was inverse and weakened slightly after adjustment for intelligence test scores and educational level. The associations persisted in within-brother analysis and revealed a stronger, but less precise, point estimate than the cohort analysis of brothers. The twin analysis showed similar, but imprecise estimates.
Anatomical and single-cell transcriptional profiling of the murine habenular complex
Authors: Wallace Michael L , Huang Kee Wui , Hochbaum Daniel , Hyun Minsuk , Radeljic Gianna , Sabatini Bernardo L
Published: February 2020

The lateral habenula (LHb) is an epithalamic brain structure critical for processing and adapting to negative action outcomes. However, despite the importance of LHb to behavior and the clear anatomical and molecular diversity of LHb neurons, the neuron types of the habenula remain unknown. Here, we use high-throughput single-cell transcriptional profiling, monosynaptic retrograde tracing, and multiplexed FISH to characterize the cells of the mouse habenula. We find five subtypes of neurons in the medial habenula (MHb) that are organized into anatomical subregions. In the LHb, we describe four neuronal subtypes and show that they differentially target dopaminergic and GABAergic cells in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). These data provide a valuable resource for future study of habenular function and dysfunction and demonstrate neuronal subtype specificity in the LHb-VTA circuit.
Etv transcription factors functionally diverge from their upstream FGF signaling in lens development
Authors: Garg Ankur , Hannan Abdul , Wang Qian , Makrides Neoklis , Zhong Jian , Li Hongge , Yoon Sungtae , Mao Yingyu , Zhang Xin
Published: February 2020

The signal regulated transcription factors (SRTFs) control the ultimate transcriptional output of signaling pathways. Here, we examined a family of FGF-induced SRTFs – Etv1, Etv 4, and Etv 5 – in murine lens development. Contrary to FGF receptor mutants that displayed loss of ERK signaling and defective cell differentiation, Etv deficiency augmented ERK phosphorylation without disrupting the normal lens fiber gene expression. Instead, the transitional zone for lens differentiation was shifted anteriorly as a result of reduced Jag1-Notch signaling. We also showed that Etv proteins suppresses mTOR activity by promoting Tsc2 expression, which is necessary for the nuclei clearance in mature lens. These results revealed the functional divergence between Etv and FGF in lens development, demonstrating that these SRTFs can operate outside the confine of their upstream signaling.
Why Do Not We Use Password Managers? A Study on the Intention to Use Password Managers
Authors: Ayyagari Ramakrishna , Lim Jaejoo , Hoxha Olger
Published: February 2020

Why don't individuals follow the best information security practices? We address an aspect of this question by focusing on one of the most common authentication methods – passwords. To promote better password habits, security experts consistently recommend the use of password managers as a best practice, but recent research shows their usage rate is low. Therefore, understanding the factors that influence the use of a password manager is important. We contribute to this cause by drawing on information security and technology adoption literature. Survey results from 120 participants with varying numbers of internet accounts yield some counterintuitive findings. As proposed, perceived severity and perceived vulnerability of password loss strongly influenced intent to use password managers. However, perceived ease of use diminished the intent to use password managers, and trust is only partially supported. Our results indicate that 'security' aspects of password managers are more important than 'usability' aspects. The implications of these findings for password management are discussed.
Carriage of Distinct mcr‐1‐Harboring Plasmids by Unusual Serotypes of Salmonella
Authors: Tang Biao , Chang Jiang , Zhang Ling , Liu Lizhang , Xia Xiaodong , Hassan Bachar H. , Jia Xu , Yang Hua , Feng Youjun
Published: February 2020

Colistin acts as a last‐resort antibiotic against lethal infections by carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacterial pathogens. Enterobacteriaceae carrying mobile colistin resistance (MCR) genes are rapidly emerging and threatening human health and food safety. Despite mcr‐1 being prevalent in Escherichia coli, its dissemination in Salmonella is not well characterized. Herein, two unusual serotypes of colistin‐resistant Salmonella isolates are reported first, namely serotype Ngor (ST5399) and Goldcoast (ST2529). Using whole genome sequencing, it is shown that mcr‐1 is located on the IncHI2‐like plasmid pTB501 (188,527 bp) of strain SSDFZ54 and the IncX4‐type plasmid pTB602 (33,303 bp) in strain SSDFZ69, respectively. Furthermore, the backbone, tra‐ and antimicrobial resistance genes relative variable regions in the mcr‐1‐bearing IncHI2 plasmids are systematically characterized. Phylogenetic analysis shows that all IncHI2‐type plasmids from non‐Chinese regions are clustered together, suggesting a possible Chinese origin. Taken together, these findings extend the understanding of Salmonella as a vehicle of mcr‐1 carriage and distribution.
Stereoselective Synthesis of CF3‐Containing Spirooxindoles via 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition by Dipeptide‐Based Phosphonium Salt Catalysis
Authors: Liu Xin , Lu Dongming , Wu Jia‐Hong , Tan Jian‐Ping , Jiang Chunhui , Gao Guowei , Wang Tianli
Published: February 2020

Reported here is an alternative method for asymmetric synthesis of the CF3‐substituted 3,2′‐pyrrolidinyl spirooxindoles via 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition by employing dipeptide‐based chiral phosphonium salt as a phase‐transfer catalyst. Under the optimal reaction conditions, a variety of CF3‐substituted 3,2′‐pyrrolidinyl spirooxindole derivatives were readily prepared in high yields as a single diastereomer with high enantiomeric access (>20:1 dr and up to 94% ee).

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Human Platelet Lysates‐Based Hydrogels: A Novel Personalized 3D Platform for Spheroid Invasion Assessment
Authors: Monteiro Cátia F. , Santos Sara C. , Custódio Catarina A. , Mano João F.
Published: February 2020

Fundamental physiologic and pathologic phenomena such as wound healing and cancer metastasis are typically associated with the migration of cells through adjacent extracellular matrix. In recent years, advances in biomimetic materials have supported the progress in 3D cell culture and provided biomedical tools for the development of models to study spheroid invasiveness. Despite this, the exceptional biochemical and biomechanical properties of human‐derived materials are poorly explored. Human methacryloyl platelet lysates (PLMA)‐based hydrogels are herein proposed as reliable 3D platforms to sustain in vivo‐like cell invasion mechanisms. A systematic analysis of spheroid viability, size, and invasiveness is performed in three biomimetic materials: PLMA hydrogels at three different concentrations, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, and Matrigel. Results demonstrate that PLMA hydrogels perfectly support the recapitulation of the tumor invasion behavior of cancer cell lines (MG‐63, SaOS‐2, and A549) and human bone‐marrow mesenchymal stem cell spheroids. The distinct invasiveness ability of each cell type is reflected in the PLMA hydrogels and, furthermore, different mechanical properties produce an altered invasive behavior. The herein presented human PLMA‐based hydrogels could represent an opportunity to develop accurate cell invasiveness models and open up new possibilities for humanized and personalized high‐throughput screening and validation of anticancer drugs.
The Impact of Commercial Rainfall Index Insurance: Experimental Evidence from Ethiopia
Authors: Ahmed Shukri , McIntosh Craig , Sarris Alexandros
Published: February 2020

We present the results of an experiment introducing commercial rainfall index insurance into drought‐prone farming cooperatives in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. We provided a market‐priced rainfall deficit insurance product through producer cooperatives and tested a number of potential ways to kick start private demand. Take up of the insurance at market prices is very low, between 0.5% and 3% across seasons. When we use a randomized experiment to distribute small free insurance contracts to farmers, 39% of subsidized individuals enroll but this fails to stimulate input use, yields, or income, nor does it enhance demand in subsequent seasons. A training and promotion on the product improves uptake and willingness to pay but also does not improve farming outcomes. We conclude with a case study of our efforts to interlink index insurance with credit for agricultural inputs.
Zweizähnige chirale Bis(imidazolium)‐basierte Halogenbrückendonoren: Synthese und Anwendungen in enantioselektiver Erkennung und Katalyse
Authors: Sutar Revannath L. , Engelage Elric , Stoll Raphael , Huber Stefan M.
Published: February 2020

Obwohl Halogenbrücken – die nichtkovalenten Wechselwirkungen zwischen elektrophilen Halogensubstituenten und Lewis‐Basen – inzwischen in der molekularen Erkennung und der Katalyse etabliert sind, ist ihr Einsatz in enantioselektiven Prozessen noch sehr wenig untersucht. Wir präsentieren hier die Synthese chiraler zweizähniger Halogenbrückendonoren, die auf zwei Iodimidazoliumeinheiten mit starren chiralen Seitenarmen basieren. Mit diesen Lewis‐Säuren wird die chirale Erkennung eines racemischen Diamins in NMR‐Studien ermöglicht. Dichtefunktionalrechnungen unterstützen eine 1:1‐Wechselwirkung des Halogenbrückendonors mit beiden Enantiomeren und deuten darauf hin, dass die chirale Erkennung auf einer verschiedenen räumlichen Orientierung der Lewis‐Basen im Halogenbrückenkomplex beruht. Außerdem wird in einer Mukaiyama‐Aldolreaktion mit einer präorganisierten Variante des chiralen Halogenbrückendonors moderate Enantioselektivität erreicht. Hierbei wird erstmalig asymmetrische Induktion mit einem reinen Halogenbrückendonor erzielt, der keine weiteren aktiven funktionellen Gruppe aufweist.
Time‐Dependent Afterglow Color in a Single‐Component Organic Molecular Crystal
Authors: Wang Jian‐Xin , Fang Ye‐Guang , Li Chun‐Xiang , Niu Li‐Ya , Fang Wei‐Hai , Cui Ganglong , Yang Qing‐Zheng
Published: February 2020

An organic crystal of 4,4′‐bis(N‐carbazolyl)‐1,1′‐biphenyl (pCBP) exhibits time‐dependent afterglow color from blue to orange over 1 s. Both experimental and computational data confirm that the color evolution results from well‐separated, long‐persistent thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) with different but comparable decay rates. TADF is enabled by a small S1–T1 energy gap of 0.7 kcal mol−1. The good separation of TADF and RTP is due to a 11.8 kcal mol−1 difference in the S0 energies of the S1 and T1 structures, indicating that apart from the excited‐state properties, tuning the ground state is also important for luminescence properties. This afterglow color evolution of pCBP allows its applications in anticounterfeiting and data encryption with high security levels.
Concise, Single‐Step Synthesis of Sulfur‐Enriched Graphene: Immobilization of Molecular Clusters and Battery Applications
Authors: Omachi Haruka , Inoue Tsukasa , Hatao Shuya , Shinohara Hisanori , Criado Alejandro , Yoshikawa Hirofumi , Syrgiannis Zois , Prato Maurizio
Published: February 2020

The concise synthesis of sulfur‐enriched graphene for battery applications is reported. The direct treatment of graphene oxide (GO) with the commercially available Lawesson's reagent produced sulfur‐enriched‐reduced GO (S‐rGO). Various techniques, such as X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), confirmed the occurrence of both sulfur functionalization and GO reduction. Also fabricated was a nanohybrid material by using S‐rGO with polyoxometalate (POM) as a cathode‐active material for a rechargeable battery. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that POM clusters were individually immobilized on the S‐rGO surface. This battery, based on a POM/S‐rGO complex, exhibited greater cycling stability for the charge‐discharge process than a battery with nanohybrid materials positioned between the POM and nonenriched rGO. These results demonstrate that the use of sulfur‐containing groups on a graphene surface can be extended to applications such as the catalysis of electrochemical reactions and electrodes in other battery systems.
Direct Regio‐ and Diastereoselective Synthesis of δ‐Lactams from Acrylamides and Unactivated Alkenes Initiated by RhIII‐Catalyzed C−H Activation
Authors: Lee Sumin , Semakul Natthawat , Rovis Tomislav
Published: February 2020

We report a RhIII‐catalyzed regio‐ and diastereoselective synthesis of δ‐lactams from readily available acrylamide derivatives and unactivated alkenes. The reaction provides a rapid route to a diverse set of δ‐lactams in good yield and stereoselectivity, which serve as useful building blocks for substituted piperidines. The regioselectivity of the reaction with unactivated terminal alkene is significantly improved by using Cpt ligand on the RhIII catalyst. The synthetic utility of the reaction is demonstrated by the preparation of a potential drug candidate containing a trisubstituted piperidine moiety. Mechanistic studies show that the reversibility of the C−H activation depends on the choice of Cp ligand on the RhIII catalyst. The irreversible C−H activation is observed and becomes turnover‐limiting with [CptRhCl2]2 as catalyst.
Bis‐dioxomolybdenum (VI) oxalyldihydrazone complexes: Synthesis, characterization, DFT studies, catalytic epoxidation potential, molecular modeling and biological evaluations
Authors: Adam Mohamed Shaker S. , Ahmed Mohamed S. Mohamed , El‐Hady Omar M. , Shaaban Saad
Published: February 2020

Two cis‐bis‐dioxomolybdenum oxalylsalicylidenedihydrazone complexes (MoO2L1 and MoO2L2) were synthesized via the complexation of dioxomolybdenum (VI) acetylacetonate with oxalylsalicylidenedihydrazone (H2L1) and p‐sodium sulfonate oxalylsalicylidenedihydrazone (H2L2) bis‐Schiff base chelating ligands, respectively. The structures of the newly synthesized complexes were confirmed by 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, IR, ultraviolet–visible and mass spectra, as well as elemental analyses (EA) and conductivity measurements. The spectrophotometric continuous variation method revealed the formation of 2: 1 (metal: ligand molar ratios). DFT studies were applied for the ligands and their Mo‐chelates. Interestingly, the bis‐MoO2(VI) oxalyldihydrazone complexes showed remarkable catalytic sufficiency towards the selective (ep)oxidation of 1,2‐cyclooctene, benzyl alcohol and thiophene using H2O2 or tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (tBuOOH) at 85 °C. Under aqueous conditions, the MoO2L2 (with p‐sodium sulfonate substituent) exhibited superior that of the MoO2L1 (without p‐NaSO3―group), highlighting the role of sodium sulfonate substituent in the catalytic progress of the Mo‐chelate. The ligands (H2L1 and H2L2) and their corresponding Mo‐complexes (MoO2L1 and MoO2L2) were assessed for their antitumor and antimicrobial activities. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity was also evaluated using the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) assays. The binding nature between the Mo‐complexes and calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) was also studied within spectroscopic and hydrodynamic techniques.
Design, synthesis, and molecular docking of novel 2‐arylbenzothiazole multiangiokinase inhibitors targeting breast cancer
Authors: Abdel‐Mohsen Heba T. , Abd El‐Meguid Eman A. , El Kerdawy Ahmed M. , Mahmoud Abeer E. E. , Ali Mamdouh M.
Published: February 2020

A novel series of 2‐arylbenzothiazoles 9, 10, and 12 were designed and synthesized as VEGFR‐2/FGFR‐1/PDGFR‐β multiangiokinase inhibitors targeting breast cancer. Structural elongation of the known 2‐phenylbenzothiazole scaffold (type I protein kinase inhibitor [PKI]), was carried out to afford series of type II PKIs 9, 10, and 12. Compounds 9d, 9f, 9i, and 9k exhibited potent multikinase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 0.19, 0.18, 0.17, and 0.13 μM, respectively, against VEGFR‐2; IC50 values of 0.28, 0.37, 0.19, and 0.27 μM, respectively, against FGFR‐1; and IC50 values of 0.07, 0.04, 0.08, and 0.14 μM, respectively, against PDGFR‐β. Moreover, the synthesized benzothiazoles demonstrated promising cytotoxic activity against the MCF‐7 cell line. The most potent benzothiazoles 9d and 9i exhibited IC50 values of 7.83 and 6.58 μM, respectively, on the MCF‐7 cell line in comparison to sorafenib (III), which showed IC50 = 4.33 μM. Additionally, 9d and 9i showed VEGFR‐2 inhibitory activity in MCF‐7 cells of 81% and 83% when compared with sorafenib (III), which showed 88% inhibition. Molecular docking of the designed compounds in the VEGFR‐2 and FGFR‐1 active sites showed the accommodation of the 2‐phenylbenzothiazole moiety, as reported, in the hinge region of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)‐binding site, while the amide moiety is involved in hydrogen bond interactions with the key amino acids in the gate area; this in turn directs the aryl group to the hydrophobic allosteric back pocket of the RTKs in a type II‐like binding mode. The synthesized benzothiazoles showed satisfactory ADME properties for further optimization in drug discovery.
Differential abundance analysis of Procyon and θ Sculptoris: Comparison with abundance patterns of solar‐like pairs
Authors: Cowley Charles R. , Yüce Kutluay , Bord Donald J.
Published: February 2020

The precision differential abundance (PDA) technique is applied to the mid‐F stars Procyon and θ Scl using spectra from the ESO UVESPOP library. We relate PDA patterns to endogenous processes related to condensation or to exogenous processes connected to Galactic chemical evolution. We employ one‐dimensional LTE models, but emphasize the use of weaker lines (≤20 mÅ) that are typically used in such studies. We compare our results with PDAs of solar‐type stars. Abundances and PDAs are determined for 28 elements: C, N, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Ba, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, and Gd. A plot of PDAs (θ Scl minus Procyon) versus Z shows a highly significant correlation. Moreover, local substructure of the plot for the elements Ca‐Zn and neutron‐addition elements is similar to that which can be found for solar twins. Our PDA versus Z plot structural shows similarity to plots that can be made from the extensive work of Bedell et al. (2018). That PDA structure and substructure is clearly a function of age.
On the estimation of average treatment effects with right‐censored time to event outcome and competing risks
Authors: Ozenne Brice Maxime Hugues , Scheike Thomas Harder , Stærk Laila , Gerds Thomas Alexander
Published: February 2020

We are interested in the estimation of average treatment effects based on right‐censored data of an observational study. We focus on causal inference of differences between t‐year absolute event risks in a situation with competing risks. We derive doubly robust estimation equations and implement estimators for the nuisance parameters based on working regression models for the outcome, censoring, and treatment distribution conditional on auxiliary baseline covariates. We use the functional delta method to show that these estimators are regular asymptotically linear estimators and estimate their variances based on estimates of their influence functions. In empirical studies, we assess the robustness of the estimators and the coverage of confidence intervals. The methods are further illustrated using data from a Danish registry study.
Enzyme assembly guided by SPFH‐induced functional inclusion bodies for enhanced cascade biocatalysis
Authors: Lv Xueqin , Jin Ke , Wu Yaokang , Zhang Cheng , Cui Shixiu , Zhu Xiaonan , Li Jianghua , Du Guocheng , Liu Long
Published: February 2020

Enzyme clustering into compact agglomerates could accelerate the processing of intermediates to enhance metabolic pathway flux. However, enzyme clustering is still a challenging task due to the lack of universal assembly strategy applicable to all enzymes. Therefore, we proposed an alternative enzyme assembly strategy based on functional inclusion bodies. First, functional inclusion bodies in cells were formed by the fusion expression of stomatin/prohibitin/flotillin/HflK/C (SPFH) domain and enhanced green fluorescent protein, as observed visually and by transmission electron microscopy. The formation of SPFH‐induced functional inclusion bodies enhanced intermolecular polymerization as revealed by further analysis combined with Förster resonance energy transfer and bimolecular fluorescent complimentary. Finally, the functional inclusion bodies significantly improved the enzymatic catalysis in living cells, as proven by the examples with whole‐cell biocatalysis of phenyllactic acid by Escherichia coli, and the production of N‐acetylglucosamine by Bacillus subtilis. Our findings suggest that SPFH‐induced functional inclusion bodies can enhance the cascade reaction of enzymes, to serve as a potential universal strategy for the construction of efficient microbial cell factories.
Transcatheter creation of bidirectional cavopulmonary connections by needle punctures in two patients
Authors: Tanase Daniel , Georgiev Stanimir , Eicken Andreas , Ewert Peter
Published: February 2020

We report on two patients who received a transcatheter cavopulmonary connection by a needle puncture under deep conscious sedation. In both patients, the vessel‐to‐vessel connection was achieved by a venous access into the superior caval vein and direct needle puncture of the pulmonary artery. The two cavopulmonary anastomoses were held open by a covered stent and a bare‐metal stent, respectively.
Portopulmonary hypertension caused by portal hypertension that is complicated by central diabetes insipidus
Authors: Zhao Tingting , Xing Qian , Yang Xiaojuan , Yao Xiaofeng , Ba Ying , Zhou Haicheng , Liu Dan
Published: February 2020

We discuss the pathophysiology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and therapy of a case with central diabetes insipidus, idiopathic portal hypertension, and portopulmonary hypertension. This report reviews how vasopressin affects those diseases.
Cone‐beam computed tomography analysis of lingual mandibular bone depression in the premolar region: A case report
Authors: Asgary Saeed , Emadi Naghmeh
Published: February 2020

Asymptomatic lingual depression in the mandible should be evaluated with advanced radiographic modalities such as cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) using the software features to achieve correct diagnosis and avoid unnecessary endodontic and/or surgical interventions.
Energy‐Efficient Process with a Decanter to Separate Toluene‐Methanol‐Water Ternary Azeotropic Mixtures
Authors: Ma Yixin , Gao Jun , Wang Yong , Zhu Zhaoyou , Wang Yinglong
Published: February 2020

An extractive distillation process with two columns and a decanter was proposed to separate ternary toluene‐methanol‐water azeotropic mixtures in a previous study. Based on this process, six processes were established to explore further energy‐efficient schemes to separate the ternary azeotropic system. The optimal parameters of the process were determined in terms of the minimum total annual cost (TAC). The processes with heat integration perform better than those with a side stream or thermal coupling in terms of energy savings and TAC reduction. A process in which both the feed stream of the extractive distillation column and the entrainer recovery column are preheated by the entrainer recycle stream can reduce energy consumption by up to 27.69 % and TAC by 21.36 %.
Dirhodium(II)‐Catalyzed C(sp2)−H Azidation of Benzaldehydes
Authors: Wang Yi , Fang Zaixiang , Chen Xiaochuan , Wang Yuanhua
Published: February 2020

Multiple steps are needed to achieve the C−H functional of aromatic aldehyde, since the C−H functional reaction usually occurs preferentially at the aldehydic C−H bond over the aryl C−H bond. We report an efficient azidation method mediated by dirhodium(II) catalysts to achieve the direct aryl azidation of aromatic aldehydes avoiding the simultaneous use of protected aldehydes and prefunctionalized arenes. The regioselectivity of this method is similar to those of typical aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions. The resulting azidobenzaldehyde products are versatile building blocks or precursors for the synthesis of many biologically active compounds. The mechanism studies indicate that the one‐electron oxidative intermediate Rh2(II,III)N3 is responsible for the azide transfer.
Periodicity of Single‐Molecule Magnet Behaviour of Heterotetranuclear Lanthanide Complexes across the Lanthanide Series: A Compendium
Authors: Izuogu David Chukwuma , Yoshida Takefumi , Cosquer Goulven , Asegbeloyin Jonnie N. , Zhang Haitao , Thom Alex J. W. , Yamashita Masahiro
Published: February 2020

Acetato‐bridged palladium–lanthanide tetranuclear heterometallic complexes of the form [Pd2Ln2(H2O)2(CH3COO)10]⋅2 CH3COOH [Ln2=Ce2 (1), Pr2 (2), Nd2 (3), Sm2 (4), Tb2 (5), Dy2 (6), Dy0.2Y1.8 (6′′), Ho2 (7), Er2 (8), Er0.24Y1.7 (8′′), Tm2 (9), Yb2 (10), Y2(11)] were synthesised and characterised by experimental and theoretical techniques. All complexes containing Kramers lanthanide ions [Ln3+=Ce (1), Nd (3), Sm (4), Dy (6), DyY (6′′), Er (8), ErY (8′′), Yb (10)] showed field‐induced slow magnetic relaxation, characteristic of single‐molecule magnetism and purely of molecular origin. In contrast, all non‐Kramers lanthanide ions [Ln3+=Pr (2), Tb (5), Ho (7), Tm (9), Y3+ (11) is diamagnetic and non‐lanthanide] did not show any slow magnetic relaxation. The variation in the electronic structure and accompanying consequences across the complexes representing all Kramers and non‐Kramers lanthanide ions were investigated. The origin of the magnetic properties and the extent to which the axial donor–acceptor interaction involving the lanthanide ions and an electron‐deficient
orbital of palladium affects the observed magnetic and electronic properties across the lanthanide series are presented. Unique consistent electronic and magnetic properties of isostructural complexes spanning the lanthanide series with properties dependent on whether the ions are Kramers or non‐Kramers are reported.
Editorial: CITplus 1‐2/2020
Authors: Sieß Wolfgang
Published: February 2020

Vor hundert Jahren gab es weniger als zwei Milliarden Menschen auf diesem Planeten. Heute nähern wir uns rasend schnell der vierfachen Anzahl. In erster Näherung könnte man vermuten, dass auch viermal so viel auf der Welt passiert. Allerdings betrifft das wohl eher Ereignisse auf individueller Ebene.
Der Weg zur perfekten pH‐Messung
Authors: Kremer Matthias
Published: February 2020

In industriellen und kommunalen Wasser‐ und Abwasseranlagen kommen für pH‐Onlinemessungen meist Einstabmessketten zum Einsatz. Wie diese richtig eingesetzt werden können, erläutert Matthias Kremer, Branchenmanager Wasser/Abwasser/Analysenmesstechnik bei Jumo in diesem Praxistipp.
Messe‐Trio für die Prozesstechnik
Authors: Küfler Sophie
Published: February 2020

Am 12. und 13. Februar 2020 finden in Dortmund drei Messen statt, die sich gezielt an Entscheider und Anwender in der Prozessindustrie wenden. Die maintenance zeigt die Trends bei der Instandhaltung auf. Die Pumps & Valves gibt einen überblick über aktuel
Nickel‐Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Aldehydes with Alkynes Mediated by Alcohol†
Authors: Zheng Yan‐Long , Ye Mengchun
Published: February 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusion

A nickel‐catalyzed reductive coupling of aldehydes with alkynes using 1‐phenylethanol as reducing agent has been developed. The key achievement of this work is that we demonstrate environmentally benign 1‐phenylethanol can serve as a viable alternative reducing agent to Et3B, ZnEt2 and R3SiH for the nickel‐catalyzed reductive coupling reaction of aldehyde and alkynes.
Characterizing the architectures and brokering protocols for enabling clouds interconnection
Authors: Latif Sajid , Gilani S. Mushhad M. , Ali Liaqat , Iqbal Saleem , Liaqat Misbah
Published: February 2020

Interconnecting the computing services of different tiers by multiple cloud providers is indispensable to overcome the exponentially increasing demands of enterprises. In view of highly dynamic and unpredictable environment, cloud providers have to face numerous challenges related to service provisioning of diversified applications while handling the critical management operations on resource layers. Proper configuration and uniform development of architectural components and protocols to setup interconnected clouds are inevitable, which play effective role in management. Various approaches have been proposed by research community to interconnect the geographically dispersed clouds to extend the capabilities of standalone provider. Fundamentally, this study encompasses the requirement factors and classification of interconnected cloud management from various aspects. Mainstream resource management elements, architectural components, and brokering protocols with respect to functional impact, which proposed in literature, have been discussed. These protocols and components play pivotal role for aggregating computing services from distinct providers and maintaining the quality of service parameters of service provisioning. Finally, the analysis of various projects is also presented to highlight the functionality of collaborated ecosystem with issues and further directions.
Near‐IR‐Absorbing BODIPY‐5,10‐Dihydrophenazine Compact Electron Donor/Acceptor Dyads and Triads: Spin‐Orbit Charge Transfer Intersystem Crossing and Charge‐Transfer State
Authors: Chen Kepeng , Taddei Maria , Bussotti Laura , Foggi Paolo , Zhao Jianzhang , Di Donato Mariangela
Published: February 2020

5,10‐dihydro‐5,10‐dimethylphenazine (PZ) and boron dipyrromethene (Bodipy) were linked to prepare compact electron donor/acceptor dyads and triads. The effect of the molecular geometry on the UV‐Vis absorption, fluorescence and the spin‐orbit charge transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT‐ISC) efficiency were studied. Interestingly, a broad near‐IR charge transfer (CT) absorption band (centred at 670 nm) was observed for the dyad/triad showing more coplanar geometry. Triplet state formation was observed in low polar solvents for the triad with orthogonal geometry (triplet state quantum yield is 30 % and lifetime is τT=210 μs). Femtosecond transient absorption spectra indicated fast charge separation (CS, 2 ps) and slow charge recombination (CR, >1.5 ns). The low‐lying 3CT state of the dyads/triads in polar solvent (1.23 eV vs. the 1.65∼1.69 eV of the 3LE state) was confirmed by intermolecular triplet photosensitizing experiments and the spin density surface analysis. These results are useful for design of new broadband, near‐IR absorbing heavy atom‐free triplet photosensitizers.
Downregulation of key genes involved in carbon metabolism in Medicago truncatula results in increased lipid accumulation in vegetative tissue
Authors: Wijekoon Champa , Singer Stacy D. , Weselake Randall J. , Petrie James R. , Chen Guanqun , Singh Surinder , Eastmond Peter J. , Acharya Surya N.
Published: February 2020

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is the most widely grown perennial forage crop and is a close relative of the model diploid legume Medicago truncatula Gaertn. However, use of alfalfa leads to substantial greenhouse gas emissions and economic losses related to inefficiencies in rumen fermentation. The provision of supplemental lipids has been used as a strategy to mitigate these issues, but it is a costly approach. The ability to enhance lipid content within the vegetative tissues of alfalfa would therefore be very advantageous. As such, our aim was to assess and select gene candidates to increase total shoot lipid content in M. truncatula using a virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) approach. We targeted gene homologs of the SUGAR‐DEPENDANT 1 (SDP1), ADP‐GLUCOSE‐PYROPHOSPHORYLASE SMALL SUBUNIT 1 (APS1), TRIGALACTOSYLDIACYLGLYCEROL 5 (TGD5), and PEROXISOMAL ABC TRANSPORTER 1 (PXA1) in M. truncatula for silencing. Reduced target transcript levels were confirmed and changes of shoot lipid content and fatty acid composition were measured. Silencing of SDP1, APS1, and PXA1 each resulted in significant increases in shoot total lipid content. Significantly increased proportions of α‐linolenic acid (18:3Δ9cis,12cis,15cis) were observed, and stearic acid (18:0) levels significantly decreased in the total acyl lipids extracted from vegetative tissues of each of the M. truncatula silenced plants. In contrast, palmitic acid (16:0) levels were significantly decreased in only SDP1‐ and PXA1‐silenced plants. Genes of PXA1 and SDP1 would be ideal targets for mutation as a means of improving the quality of alfalfa to increase feed efficiency and minimize greenhouse gas emissions from livestock production in the future.
Seed priming with cold plasma improved seedling performance, secondary metabolism, and expression of deacetylvindoline O‐acetyltransferase gene in Catharanthus roseus
Authors: Ghasempour Masoumeh , Iranbakhsh Alireza , Ebadi Mostafa , Oraghi Ardebili Zahra
Published: February 2020

The plasma‐primed seeds of Catharanthus roseus were cultured in a hormone‐free culture medium under sterile conditions. Plasma of 30 or 60 s improved root length (mean = 41.4%) and biomass (mean = 47%), whereas plasma of 90 s delayed plant growth. The plasma treatments enhanced concentrations of photosynthetic pigments and soluble phenols. Plasma of 90 s increased the proline level. With a similar trend, plasma priming induced activities of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase, catalase (about twofold) and peroxidase (31%) enzymes. Plasma also upregulated the expressions of deacetylvindoline O‐acetyltransferase gene by an average of 7.8 times. Similarly, the plasma‐treated seedlings contained higher concentrations of alkaloids (mean = 72%). Here, molecular evidence is provided on the plasma‐associated modifications in secondary metabolism.
Estimation of 14 MeV neutron rate from triton burn‐up in future W7‐X deuterium plasma campaigns
Authors: Koschinsky J.P. , Äkäslompolo S. , Biedermann C. , Bozhenkov S.A. , Isobe M. , Kontula J. , Ogawa K. , Schneider W. , Warmer F. , Wurden G.A. , Wolf R.C. ,   the W7‐X Team
Published: February 2020

Fast ion confinement is of major importance for the ignition of a burning fusion plasma. In future deuterium plasma campaigns of the Wendelstein 7‐X stellarator, W7‐X, the amount of triton burn‐up is one possible measure for fast ion confinement. A well‐established technique to observe triton burn‐up is the 14 MeV neutron rate. In this paper, it is estimated whether an existing scintillating fibre neutron detector is also suited to measure triton burn‐up in W7‐X with sufficient accuracy. An estimation is presented, which can be applied to any tokamak or stellarator design and is one‐dimensional in the minor radius. The inputs are profiles of density, temperature, and differential volume element as well as the triton slowing‐down time. The estimation calculates the thermal deuteron fusion rate and the associated deuteron‐triton fusion rate; thus, the triton burn‐up generated 14 MeV neutron rate. It neither takes triton diffusion nor explicit losses into account. This thermally generated fusion rate is compared to the neutral beam injection heating induced beam‐plasma fusion rate.
Abnormal gait recognition using exemplar based algorithm in healthcare applications
Authors: M Sivarathinabala , S Abirami , R Baskaran
Published: February 2020

In healthcare applications, gait plays a major role in identification of the normal or abnormal person in different situations. Human gait refers to the walking style of the person, and it may also refer as locomotion using human limbs. The abnormal gait has irregular patterns of stance and swing phases. Without any clinical impairment, this paper proposes a novel approach to classify the person as normal or the person as suffering from neurological disorders from the videos using their gait videos. In addition, neurological gait disorders such as Parkinson gait, hemiplegic gait, and neuropathic gait has been identified using the gait features. Many systems are designed to detect and identify gait disorders using head, hip, heel, and toe behavior analysis from the bidirectional gait videos. As motivated by previous mechanisms, this paper proposes a novel vision based algorithm to recognize the gait abnormalities using model free approaches and significant feature vector generation from complete silhouette images of one gait cycle of a person. Here, a lean angle and ramp angle are considered as distinguishing and prominent features, and the results of these features are properly classified into normal or abnormal gait through the design of an unsupervised classifier.
Nonlinear performance evaluation model for throughput of AQM scheme using full factorial design approach
Authors: Patel Sanjeev
Published: February 2020

The performance of active queue management (AQM) is measured in terms of throughput, delay, queue size, and loss rate. We have carried out the optimized performance measure of throughput for AQM scheme random early detection (RED) using
full factorial design (FDD) technique that is a new approach of performance analysis particularly for congestion control algorithms. We have considered the input factors, viz, buffer size, maximum threshold, and the number of file transfer protocol (FTP) sources for the evaluation of RED that can be used for other AQM schemes, viz, adaptive RED, three‐section RED (TRED), and adaptive queue management with random dropping (AQMRD). The effect of each input factor as well as their interactions are evaluated using
factorial design technique that results to obtain the nonlinear equation for performance measure in terms of input factors buffer size, maximum threshold, and the number of FTP sources. Finally, we show the contour plots for variation of performance measure throughput (steady state) from minimum to maximum values with respect to the different setting of input parameters.