bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Testing ChatGPT in International Relations Classrooms: Potentialities, Limitations, and What’s Next
Authors: Rivetti Paola , Banerjee Rituparna , O’Mullane David
Published: January 2025

Whereas significant attention has been devoted to online/blended teaching and related tools, open GenAI chatbots and large language models and writing programs have received comparatively less attention as instruments that impact our teaching and assessment methods. The pedagogies of political science and international relations somehow trail behind in understanding and addressing them. For those who are teaching these subjects, it is of great importance to come to terms with AI and its impact on how we should assess students. This article describes an eight-week laboratory during which we experimented with and discussed ChatGPT’s utilizations with our students. The goal of the laboratory was to revise which type of learning objectives our teaching should have and which type of assessment methods are best suited for an environment in which GenAI is present and used regularly. Should we ban it or should we instead focus on teaching students how to use it responsibly and ethically, as well as developing a shared understanding of what GenAI is good for (if anything at all)? Consequently, which learning objectives and assessment methods should we adopt?
Elite Interviewing as an In-Betweener
Authors: Menzies Loic
Published: January 2025

Conducting elite interviews presents well-documented challenges, often linked to dynamics that are influenced by researchers’ status. This aspect of positionality is sometimes characterized as “insider” or “outsider” status, but scholars have noted the lack of nuance in this rigid binary. Drawing on experiences during interviews with policy elites—primarily in England—this article describes the author’s “in-betweener” status and reviews four methodological considerations from this perspective, highlighting the challenges and opportunities associated with different points on the insider–outsider spectrum. These observations are meant to stimulate reflexivity among researchers regardless of their status.
Wide band circularly polarized antenna for GNSS signals detection
Authors: Berro Rim , Persano Luca , Jadid Marwan , Nguyen Nhu Huan , Delaveaud Christophe , Vuong Tan Phu , Xavier Pascal
Published: January 2025

In this paper, the design and optimization of a circularly polarized antenna based on two crossed dipoles in phase quadrature for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) wide band application has been investigated. The proposed design is single fed and relies on parasitic structures to achieve wide band coverage on the GPS standard bands L1 (1559–1610 MHz) and L5 (1164–1189 MHz). Full-wave simulations have been used to compute the radiation properties and the impedance of the antenna. A prototype was manufactured, and good agreement has been observed between the simulated results and measurement for both radiation pattern and reflection coefficient.

The antenna achieves a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of

$56.97\%$

covering the band 1164–1610 MHz, and an axial ratio that covers the L5 band ranging between 7 dB and 2.8 dB from 1.164 GHz to 1.3 GHz while maintaining a value below 2.7 dB across the entire L1 band. The antenna occupies a volume of

$\,99\, \,\times\,99\, \times 50$

mm3. It has been tested in real conditions during the 23rd French National Microwave Days (JNM) student competition. A GNSS signal receiver has been connected to the antenna. The antenna has been evaluated based on the number of connections it could achieve over a duration of 30 s.
Inverse Energy Cascades in the Boundary Layer During Strong Winds Based on Doppler Lidar
Authors: Zhou Xingxu , Zhang Chao , Xiao Ziniu , Li Yunying , Lu Gaopeng
Published: January 2025

Inverse energy cascade (IEC), where energy moves from small to large eddies, has been debated, with limited observational evidence. This study used 19 months of Doppler Lidar data from Qingdao, China, to examine IEC associated with gusts. We found IECs occurred 15% of the time at 50 m height. When near‐surface wind speeds exceeded 11 m·s−1, IEC frequency and intensity increased, indicating that strong winds are a critical driver of IEC. This study suggests that the reduction in the drag coefficient under high wind conditions may generate IEC and gusts, consequently influencing energy transfer throughout the boundary layer and lower troposphere. Analysis using the four‐quadrant model revealed IECs are linked to changes in momentum from ejections and inward interactions, even in weak background fields. The study supports that IECs are more prevalent and highlights their role in the lower atmosphere, contributing to an improved understanding of land‐atmosphere coupling.
Fibrocyte enrichment and myofibroblastic adaptation causes nucleus pulposus fibrosis and associates with disc degeneration severity
Authors: Sun Yi , Peng Yan , Su Zezhuo , So Kyle, K. H. , Lu Qiuji , Lyu Maojiang , Zuo Jianwei , Huang Yongcan , Guan Zhiping , Cheung Kenneth M. C. , Zheng Zhaomin , Zhang Xintao , Leung Victor Y. L.
Published: January 2025

Fibrotic remodeling of nucleus pulposus (NP) leads to structural and mechanical anomalies of intervertebral discs that prone to degeneration, leading to low back pain incidence and disability. Emergence of fibroblastic cells in disc degeneration has been reported, yet their nature and origin remain elusive. In this study, we performed an integrative analysis of multiple single-cell RNA sequencing datasets to interrogate the cellular heterogeneity and fibroblast-like entities in degenerative human NP specimens. We found that disc degeneration severity is associated with an enrichment of fibrocyte phenotype, characterized by CD45 and collagen I dual positivity, and expression of myofibroblast marker α-smooth muscle actin. Refined clustering and classification distinguished the fibrocyte-like populations as subtypes in the NP cells - and immunocytes-clusters, expressing disc degeneration markers HTRA1 and ANGPTL4 and genes related to response to TGF-β. In injury-induced mouse disc degeneration model, fibrocytes were found recruited into the NP undergoing fibrosis and adopted a myofibroblast phenotype. Depleting the fibrocytes in CD11b-DTR mice in which myeloid-derived lineages were ablated by diphtheria toxin could markedly attenuate fibrous modeling and myofibroblast formation in the NP of the degenerative discs, and prevent disc height loss and histomorphological abnormalities. Marker analysis supports that disc degeneration progression is dependent on a function of CD45+COL1A1+ and αSMA+ cells. Our findings reveal that myeloid-derived fibrocytes play a pivotal role in NP fibrosis and may therefore be a target for modifying disc degeneration and promoting its repair.
Targeting estrogen-regulated system xc− promotes ferroptosis and endocrine sensitivity of ER+ breast cancer
Authors: Cao Jiawei , Zhou Tong , Wu Tao , Lin Rixu , Huang Ju , Shi Dejin , Yu Jiawei , Ren Yinrui , Qian Changrui , He Licai , Wu Guang , Dong Zhixiong , Yuan Shaofei , Gu Haihua
Published: January 2025

Estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer accounts for approximately 70% of cases. Endocrine therapies targeting estrogen are the first line therapies for ER+ breast cancer. However, resistance to these therapies occurs in about half of patients, leading to decreased survival rates. Inducing ferroptosis is a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment for refractory and malignant cancers including triple-negative breast cancer. Nevertheless, ER+ breast cancer is relatively resistant to ferroptosis inducers. Here, we uncovered that ERα suppressed ferroptosis in ER+ breast cancer. Silencing ERα triggered ferroptosis, which was attenuated by ferroptosis inhibitor Ferrostatin-1, and was enhanced by ferroptosis inducer Erastin. Mechanistically, ERα transcriptionally upregulated the expression of SLC7A11 and SLC3A2, two subunits of the system xc
−, which is one key inhibitory regulator of ferroptosis. Overexpression of the exogenous SLC7A11 and SLC3A2 was able to mitigate ferroptosis induced by ERα inhibition. Moreover, SLC7A11 and SLC3A2 levels were elevated in endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells and tumors. Importantly, the system xc
− inhibitor Sorafenib or Imidazole ketone erastin effectively inhibited the growth of tamoxifen-resistant breast cells in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our data reveal that targeting estrogen-regulated SLC7A11 and SLC3A2 enhances ferroptosis in ER+ breast cancer, offering a novel therapeutic option for patients with ER+ breast cancer, particularly those with endocrine resistance.
S1PR3-driven positive feedback loop sustains STAT3 activation and keratinocyte hyperproliferation in psoriasis
Authors: Lian Panpan , Li Li , Lu Renwei , Zhang Bin , Wazir Junaid , Gu Chaode , Ma Bojie , Pu Wenyuan , Cao Wangsen , Huang Zhiqiang , Su Zhonglan , Wang Hongwei
Published: January 2025

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and persistent inflammation. Although persistent activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is implicated in its pathogenesis, the mechanisms underlying the sustained STAT3 activation remain poorly understood. Here, we identify sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 (S1PR3) as a critical regulator of STAT3 activation and psoriasis pathogenesis, orchestrating a self-amplifying circuit that sustains keratinocyte hyperproliferation and chronic inflammation. S1PR3 expression is markedly elevated in psoriatic lesions and correlates with disease severity. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we reveal a novel S1PR3–Src–STAT3 signaling axis that drives both early and prolonged STAT3 activation in keratinocytes. Mechanistically, S1PR3 operates through Gαi/PKA-mediated Src activation, enhancing STAT3 phosphorylation and subsequent transcriptional activity. Importantly, we reveal a previously unrecognized positive feedback loop wherein activated STAT3 directly upregulates S1PR3 expression, perpetuating inflammation and hyperproliferation. Genetic deletion of S1pr3 in mice or pharmacological inhibition of S1PR3 significantly attenuates psoriasis-like skin inflammation, decreasing epidermal hyperplasia, dermal angiogenesis, and inflammatory mediator production. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying psoriasis and identify S1PR3 as a promising therapeutic target. Our study suggests that disrupting the S1PR3–STAT3 feedback loop may offer a novel strategy for treating psoriasis and potentially other chronic inflammatory diseases driven by persistent STAT3 activation.
Unveiling pelagic-benthic coupling associated with the biological carbon pump in the Fram Strait (Arctic Ocean)
Authors: Ramondenc Simon , Eveillard Damien , Metfies Katja , Iversen Morten H. , Nöthig Eva-Maria , Piepenburg Dieter , Hasemann Christiane , Soltwedel Thomas
Published: January 2025

Settling aggregates transport organic matter from the ocean surface to the deep sea and seafloor. Though plankton communities impact carbon export, how specific organisms and their interactions affect export efficiency is unknown. Looking at 15 years of eDNA sequences (18S-V4) from settling and sedimented organic matter in the Fram Strait, here we observe that most phylogenetic groups were transferred from pelagic to benthic ecosystems. Chaetoceros socialis, sea-ice diatoms, Radiolaria, and Chaetognatha are critical components of vertical carbon flux to 200 m depth. In contrast, the diatom C. socialis alone is essential for the amount of organic carbon reaching the seafloor. Spatiotemporal changes in community composition show decreasing diatom abundance during warm anomalies, which would reduce the efficiency of a diatom-driven biological carbon pump. Interestingly, several parasites are also tightly associated with carbon flux and show a strong vertical connectivity, suggesting a potential role in sedimentation processes involving their hosts, especially through interactions with resting spores, which could have implications for pelagic-benthic coupling and overall ecosystem functioning.
Construction and iterative redesign of synXVI a 903 kb synthetic Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome
Authors: Goold Hugh D. , Kroukamp Heinrich , Erpf Paige E. , Zhao Yu , Kelso Philip , Calame Julie , Timmins John J. B. , Wightman Elizabeth L. I. , Peng Kai , Carpenter Alexander C. , Llorente Briardo , Hawthorne Carmen , Clay Samuel , van Wyk Niël , Daniel Elizabeth L. , Harrison Fergus , Meier Felix , Willows Robert D. , Cai Yizhi , Walker Roy S. K. , Xu Xin , Espinosa Monica I. , Stracquadanio Giovanni , Bader Joel S. , Mitchell Leslie A. , Boeke Jef D. , Williams Thomas C. , Paulsen Ian T. , Pretorius Isak S.
Published: January 2025

The Sc2.0 global consortium to design and construct a synthetic genome based on the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome commenced in 2006, comprising 16 synthetic chromosomes and a new-to-nature tRNA neochromosome. In this paper we describe assembly and debugging of the 902,994-bp synthetic Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome synXVI of the Sc2.0 project. Application of the CRISPR D-BUGS protocol identified defective loci, which were modified to improve sporulation and recover wild-type like growth when grown on glycerol as a sole carbon source when grown at 37˚C. LoxPsym sites inserted downstream of dubious open reading frames impacted the 5’ UTR of genes required for optimal growth and were identified as a systematic cause of defective growth. Based on lessons learned from analysis of Sc2.0 defects and synXVI, an in-silico redesign of the synXVI chromosome was performed, which can be used as a blueprint for future synthetic yeast genome designs. The in-silico redesign of synXVI includes reduced PCR tag frequency, modified chunk and megachunk termini, and adjustments to allocation of loxPsym sites and TAA stop codons to dubious ORFs. This redesign provides a roadmap into applications of Sc2.0 strategies in non-yeast organisms.
Allylic C–H oxygenation of unactivated internal olefins by the Cu/azodiformate catalyst system
Authors: Wang Le , She Yuan , Xiao Jie , Li Zi-Hao , Zhang Shen-Yuan , Lian Peng-Fei , Ding Tong-Mei , Zhang Shu-Yu
Published: January 2025

Allylic ethers and alcohols are essential structural motifs commonly present in natural products and pharmaceuticals. Direct allylic C–H oxygenation of internal alkenes is one of the most direct methods, bypassing the necessity for an allylic leaving group that is needed in the traditional Tsuji–Trost reaction. Herein, we develop an efficient and practical method for synthesizing (E)-allyl ethers from readily available internal alkenes and alcohols or phenols via selective allylic C–H oxidation. Key advances include the use of a Cu/Azodiformate catalyst system to facilitate remote allylic C–H activation and the achievement of excellent chemoselectivity through a dynamic ligand exchange strategy using a bis(sulfonamide) ligand. This method features a broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance, successfully applied to the synthesis of various challenging medium-sized cyclic ethers (7-10 members) and large-ring lactones (14-20 members), with high regioselectivity and stereoselectivity.
Performance and emissions of diesel engine combustion lubricated with Jatropha bio-lubricant and MWCNT additive
Authors: Uppar Rajendra , Dinesha P. , Kumar Shiva
Published: January 2025

Vegetable oil-based lubricants, modified through transesterification and epoxidation, present a sustainable alternative to mineral lubricants for transport and industrial use. This study evaluates epoxidized jatropha oil (EJA) enhanced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) as a bio-lubricant for compression ignition engines. MWCNT, dispersed in EJA using an ultrasonic probe sonicator with Triton X-100 as a surfactant, was tested at nanoparticle concentrations from 0.5 to 2 wt%. Engine performance and emission characteristics were assessed using SAE 20W40, EJA, and EJA-MWCNT in a four-stroke diesel engine. Results showed that EJA with 2 wt% MWCNT reduced friction power by 39.13% compared to SAE 20W40 and decreased brake specific energy consumption by 6.11%, while lowering emissions of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and smoke. These findings highlight EJA-MWCNT as a promising lubricant for diesel engines, enhancing efficiency and reducing pollutants, making it a viable eco-friendly substitute for diminishing petroleum resources.
Low interface state density and large capacitive memory window using RF sputtered NiO nanoparticles decorated MgZnO thin film
Authors: Kumar Mritunjay , Dhar Jay Chandra
Published: January 2025

NiO nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized using glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique over MgZnO thin film was used to design a novel memory device. The NiO NPs with average diameter ~ 9.5 nm was uniformly distributed over the MgZnO thin film surface. The MgZnO thin film/NiO NPs memory device when measured for the C-V hysteresis characteristics at varying sweep voltage demonstrated a charge trapping and de-trapping mechanism. Moreover, the device exhibited low interface states density (Dit) (1.45 × 1010 eV− 1 cm− 2) at 1 MHz and large capacitive memory of  ~ 6 V at ± 7 V. The large memory window was attributed to the better interface quality between MgZnO thin film and NiO NPs. Additionally, the device also exhibited good endurance over 1000 programme/erase cycles and longer time charge retention up to 2 × 104 s. The improved performance of device and more charge accumulation capacity was primarily due to the large effective area and quantum confinement effect owing to NiO NPs. Further, on performing a resistive switching analysis, the device could show a good on-off ratio (RHRS/RLRS) of 1.24 × 102. Therefore, the proposed device structure can be a good option for future memory applications.
Increased arterial stiffness is associated with poorer social cognition in older age
Authors: Grainger Sarah A. , Bailey Tom G. , Vear Natalie K. , Mead Jessica K. , Bourdaniotis Xanthia E. , Coombes Jeff S. , Taylor Jenna L.
Published: January 2025

It is now well established that vascular aging is a significant predictor of cognitive decline in older age. But what remains less clear is the role that vascular health plays in social cognitive aging. Therefore, we aimed to provide the first test of the relationship between arterial stiffness and theory of mind (ToM) in late adulthood. In a sample of 50 healthy older adults (Age: M = 70.08, SD = 3.93), we measured arterial stiffness via carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and social cognition using two well validated measures of ToM (RMET, TASIT). The results revealed that arterial stiffness was a significant predictor of ToM performance when indexed via the RMET and the TASIT, accounting for 11% and 9% of unique variance in scores, respectively. These findings add to the broader literature showing that arterial stiffness is a key predictor of cognitive aging and show that this relationship extends to the domain of social cognition.
Structure and quantification of Ce3+/Ce4+ and stability analysis of basaltic glasses for the immobilization of simulated tetravalent amines
Authors: Tong Qin , Liu Song , Liang Jun , Zhang Qi , Liao Meiying
Published: January 2025

Basaltic glass was prepared via the solid-state melt method, using Ce4+ to simulate tetravalent actinides. The structure, thermal stability and leaching characteristics of basaltic glass with different contents of CeO2 were investigated. The XRD/SEM-EDX/Raman results showed that the simulated waste loading of CeO2 in basaltic glass reached ~ 18 wt%, and CeO2 crystals precipitated when the CeO2 content reached 20 wt%. XPS analysis revealed that approximately half of the Ce4+ ions in the basaltic glass doped with CeO2 were reduced to Ce3+ ions. The DSC results showed that the thermal stability increased with increasing CeO2 content. The ASTM product consistency test (PCT) results indicated that all the samples had good leaching resistance. Among them, the standard mass loss of Ce was the greatest after 28 days: The NL
Ce was 2 orders of magnitude lower than those of the other elements.
Cesarean delivery on child health and development in Japanese nationwide birth cohort
Authors: Matsumoto Naomi , Mitsui Takashi , Tamai Kei , Hirota Tomoya , Masuyama Hisashi , Yorifuji Takashi
Published: January 2025

The long-term effects of cesarean delivery (CD) on child health and development remain controversial. This study aimed to investigate these effects using an outcome-wide approach in a Japanese context, where perinatal mortality rates are among the world’s lowest. We analyzed data from 2,114 children in a nationwide Japanese birth cohort, linking the 21st Century Longitudinal Survey of Newborns with the Perinatal Research Network database. We examined associations between CD and various health and developmental outcomes up to 9 years of age, including hospitalizations, obesity, and developmental milestones. After adjusting for potential confounders, CD was not significantly associated with most outcomes, including all-cause hospitalization (adjusted risk ratio 1.25, 95% CI 0.997–1.56), obesity at 5.5 and 9 years, and various developmental milestones. Subgroup analyses for multiple births and preterm infants showed some differences in point estimates, but were limited by small sample sizes. CD was not significantly associated with adverse long-term child health or developmental outcomes in this Japanese cohort. These findings provide reassurance regarding CD safety when medically indicated in advanced perinatal care settings. Further research with larger samples and longer follow-up is needed, especially for specific subgroups.
Advancing transnational assessments of biodiversity drivers in European agriculture with an updated hierarchical crop and agriculture taxonomy (HCAT)
Authors: Schneider Maja , Gackstetter David , Prexl Jonathan , Meyer Sebastian T. , Körner Marco
Published: January 2025

By homogenizing landscapes and reducing natural habitats, modern agriculture plays a significant role in reducing natural species populations worldwide. Despite advances in research, quantifying the impacts of cropping systems on biodiversity remains challenging due to the lack of comprehensive agricultural data. Within the European Union’s (EU) common agricultural policy (CAP), farmers are required to declare cropping arrangements to receive subsidies. The resulting data is collected by each EU member state individually, leading to inconsistent crop taxonomies across the EU, which hinders transnational analyses of agriculture and related impacts. To overcome this barrier, we developed a hierarchical crop and agriculture taxonomy (HCAT), which harmonizes administrative and agricultural data from 16 EU member states. With the release of an upgraded second version of HCAT, we demonstrate, using the example of biodiversity drivers, how a harmonized CAP data set can aid in identifying indicators related to environmental impacts in agricultural landscapes at international scales.
Informational ecosystems partially explain differences in socioenvironmental conceptual associations between U.S. American racial groups
Authors: Vargas Roberto , Verstynen Timothy
Published: January 2025

Social groups represent a collective identity defined by a distinct consensus of concepts (e.g., ideas, values, and goals) whose structural relationship varies between groups. Here we set out to measure how a set of inter-concept semantic associations, comprising what we refer to as a concept graph, covaries between established social groups, based on racial identity, and how this effect is mediated by information ecosystems, contextualized as news sources. Group differences among racial identity (278 Black and 294 white Americans) and informational ecosystems (Left- and Right- leaning news sources) are present in subjective judgments of how the meaning of concepts such as healthcare, police, and voting relate to each other. These racial group differences in concept graphs were partially mediated by the bias of news sources that individuals get their information from. This supports the idea of groups being defined by common conceptual semantic relationships that partially arise from shared information ecosystems.
Nitrogen-modified reduced graphene oxide for serum enrichment of N-glycans and MALDI-TOF MS-based identification of HCC biomarkers
Authors: Zhang Baoying , Yang Shengjie , Chao Xuyuan , Qi Lu , Qin Weijie , Bai Haihong , Wang Xinghe
Published: January 2025

N-rGO enriches N-glycans/glycopeptides via HILIC and directly identifies them using MALDI-TOF MS.
Bioinformatic and biochemical analysis uncovers novel activity in the 2-ER subfamily of OYEs
Authors: Blue-Lahom Tamra C. , Jones Stacey K. , Davis Katherine M.
Published: January 2025

Bioinformatics analysis coupled to in vitro assays uncovers novel demethylase activity by 2-enoate reductases of the old yellow enzyme family.
Discovery of potential VEGFR-2 inhibitors from natural products by virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Xie Qiong , Luo Mengshi , Liu Mingyan , Xie Yuxin , Li Di , Dai Hongjing , Chen Xiaohua
Published: January 2025

This study reveals that the four natural compounds obtained from COCONUT database can be further used as anti-cancer inhibitors, which provides theoretical guidance for designing new drugs.
Exploring ground-state and ionization potentials of the H2CO⋯HNO dimers
Authors: de Souza Gabriel L. C. , Peterson Kirk A.
Published: January 2025

In this work, we performed an investigation on the structures and ionization potentials (IPs) of the H2CO⋯HNO dimer.
Enhanced moisture and thermal stability of transparent electrodes via crosslinking for large-area flexible organic photovoltaic modules
Authors: Lu Xin , Liu Yang , Tian Ruiyu , Liu Xingjie , Wang Yuanyuan , Zhou Yinhua
Published: January 2025

Crosslinking enhanced the thermal and moisture stability of the AgNWs-em-PVA flexible transparent electrode, which enabled the fabrication of large-area (52.3 cm2), flexible organic photovoltaic modules with a power conversion efficiency of 14.78%.
High-entropy alloy catalysts for advanced hydrogen-production zinc-based batteries
Authors: Lu Zhiwen , Sun Wei , Cai Pingwei , Fan Linfeng , Chen Kai , Gao Jiyuan , Zhang Hao , Chen Junxiang , Wen Zhenhai
Published: January 2025

The high-entropy alloy facilitates the spatial-temporal separation of H2 and O2, enabling the zinc-based battery to produce H2 at industrial-level current density (500 mA cm−2) and deliver energy with a record-breaking power density (537 mW cm−2).
Magnetic resorcinol-formaldehyde supported isatin-Schiff-base/Fe as a green and reusable catalyst for the synthesis of pyrano[2,3‐d]pyrimidines
Authors: Kiani Fatemeh , Elhamifar Dawood , Kargar Shiva
Published: January 2025

Herein, a novel magnetic resorcinol-formaldehyde supported isatin-Schiff-base/Fe complex (Fe3O4@RF-ISB/Fe) is prepared, characterized and its catalytic performance is investigated in the synthesis of pyrano[2,3‐d]pyrimidines. The Fe3O4@RF-ISB nanomaterial was prepared through the...
Structural insights into GluN2B-containing NMDA receptor antagonists: a computational approach
Authors: Wang Zhe , He Yeli , Chen Guoliang , Bao Xuefei
Published: January 2025

GluN2B-containing NMDARs are related to neurodegenerative diseases, making the GluN2B-selective antagonist a promising drug candidate.
Unlocking hidden treasures: the evolution of high-throughput mass spectrometry in screening for cryptic natural products
Authors: Covington Brett C. , Seyedsayamdost Mohammad R.
Published: January 2025

Natural products have traditionally been discovered one molecule at a time. Here we describe new innovations in the acquisition and analysis of mass spectrometry data that now enable metabolomics-guided high-throughput natural product discovery.
Sesterterpenoids: sources, structural diversity, biological activity, and data management
Authors: Iobbi Valeria , Parisi Valentina , Giacomini Mauro , De Riccardis Francesco , Brun Paola , Núñez-Pons Laura , Drava Giuliana , Giordani Paolo , Monti Maria Chiara , Poggi Roberto , Murgia Ylenia , De Tommasi Nunziatina , Bisio Angela
Published: January 2025

The review is a full report of the sesterterpenoids reported up to now, categorized according to producing organisms and bioactivity. All the data have been implemented in a relational database https://sesterterpenoids.unige.net/.
Human milk as a complex natural product
Authors: Talbert Julie A. , Townsend Steven D.
Published: January 2025

Breastfeeding is one of the most effective ways to promote child health.
First-principles study of anisotropic planar 2D BC2N for sub-5 nm high-performance p-type transistors
Authors: Shi Hao , Yang Siyu , Yang Jialin , Chen Chuyao , Hu Yang , Liu Gaoyu , Yuan Xiaojia , Qu Hengze , Zhang Shengli
Published: January 2025

Two-dimensional BC2N with anisotropic electronic properties shows great potential as p-type channel for next generation transistors.
Photogenerated charge carrier dynamics on Pt-loaded SrTiO3 nanoparticles studied via transient-absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Ichihara Fumihiko , Pang Hong , Kako Tetsuya , Bahnemann Detlef W. , Ye Jinhua
Published: January 2025

Charge carrier recombination on a Pt cocatalyst was demonstrated using pico–nano and nano–micro second transient absorption spectroscopy.
Two-dimensional BiTeX crystals with persistent luminescence induced by photochemical reactions
Authors: Wu Jiajing , Zhu Pengjia , Meng Fei , Dong Juntao , Yan Xiao , Tu Zhenlong , Chen Zheng-Jie , Lan Xuexia , Zhang Lili , Zhang Tao , Zheng Jian , Wang Xinzhong , Peng Jing
Published: January 2025

BiTeX (X = Cl, Br, I) nanosheets with high crystallinity through an electrochemical exfoliation method display a persistent luminescence effect, which can be ascribed to reversible bond cleavage and recovery under photoexcitation.
Recent progress on metal–organic framework-based separators for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Liu Haojing , Wang Han , Yang Fan , Zou Ruqiang , Hou Chun-Chao , Xu Qiang
Published: January 2025

We review the progress on MOF-based separators for LSBs, with a particular focus on the relationship between the MOF structures and their functional roles in polysulfide capture, catalytic conversion, and uniform Li+ ion flux regulation.
Metal–organic frameworks as anchors for giant unilamellar vesicle immobilization
Authors: Faheem Aroosha , Lawrence Mason C. , Bushra Gazi A. , Meli M.-Vicki , Blight Barry A.
Published: January 2025

Here we demonstrate the most reliable way to immobilize giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs).
Pt(iv) prodrug as a potent nanosonosensitizer self-cyclically amplifies sonodynamic-chemotherapy with dually reversing cisplatin resistance
Authors: Li Wenxin , Lin Ziyi , Liu Jiahui , Zhang Jiarui , Li Yuxuan , Liu Yian , Yuan Xinru , Li Huimin , Shen Heyun
Published: January 2025

A Pt(iv) coordination nanosonosensitizer was fabricated with dual reversal of cisplatin resistance, achieving self-cyclically amplified sonodynamic-chemotherapy without the use of any sonosensitizers.
Advances in cuproptosis harnessing copper-based nanomaterials for cancer therapy
Authors: Yang Yanqiang , Dong Chen , Ma Xuehua , Wang Yanan , Li Zhouhua , Xu Yuan , Chen Tianxiang , Gao Changyong , Ye Xiaoqun , Wu Aiguo , Zhang Xinyi
Published: January 2025

This review discusses the recent developments in copper-based nanomaterials that utilize copper-induced cell death, categorized by materials systems, while highlighting the limitations of current cuproptosis related copper-based nanomaterials.
High-density, ultraflexible organic electrochemical transistor array for brain activity mapping
Authors: Xu Wei , Zhu Yanlan , Zhou Xiaolin , Guo Haoyue , Wang Jingxin , Zhu Ruiqi , Hu Zhengwei , Ma Wei , Ma Xing , Li Xiaojian , Xu Xiaomin
Published: January 2025

Scalable high-density OECT arrays are designed to precisely map and record electrocorticogram signals, facilitating high-resolution brain activity monitoring.
In silico, in vitro, and in vivo characterization of thiamin-binding proteins from plant seeds
Authors: Faustino Maria , Strobbe Simon , Sanchez-Muñoz Raul , Cao Da , Mishra Ratnesh C. , Lourenço Tiago , Oliveira M. Margarida , Van Der Straeten Dominique
Published: January 2025

Thiamin, an essential micronutrient, is a cofactor for enzymes involved in the central carbon metabolism and amino acid pathways. Despite efforts to enhance thiamin content in rice by incorporating thiamin biosynthetic genes, increasing thiamin content in the endosperm remains challenging, possibly due to a lack of thiamin stability and/or a local sink. The introduction of storage proteins has been successful in several biofortification strategies, and similar efforts targeting thiamin have been performed, leading to a 3–4-fold increase in white rice. However, only one thiamin-binding protein (TBP) sequence has been described in plants, more specifically from sesame seeds. Therefore, we aimed to identify and characterize TBPs, as well as to evaluate the effect of their expression on thiamin concentration, using a comprehensive approach integrating in silico, in vitro, and in vivo methods. We identified the sequences of putative TBPs from Oryza sativa (Os, rice), Fagopyrum esculentum (Fe, buckwheat), and Zea mays (Zm, maize) and pinpointed the thiamin-binding pockets through molecular docking. FeTBP and OsTBP contained one pocket with binding affinities similar to the Escherichia coli TBP, a well-characterized TBP, supporting their function as TBPs. In vivo expression studies of TBPs in tobacco leaves and rice callus resulted in increased thiamin levels, with FeTBP and OsTBP showing the most pronounced effects. Additionally, thermal shift assays confirmed the thiamin-binding capabilities of FeTBP and OsTBP, as observed by the significant increases in melting temperatures upon thiamin binding, indicating protein stabilization. These findings offer new insights into the diversity and function of plant TBPs and highlight the potential of FeTBP and OsTBP to modulate thiamin levels in crop plants.
A learning‐based energy management strategy for hybrid energy storage systems with compressed air and solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Guan Yundie , Zhang Xiangyu , Liang Zheming , Chen Tao
Published: January 2025

The intermittency and volatility of renewable energy have been major challenges in modern power systems. This paper proposes a self‐adaptive energy management strategy based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to integrate renewable energy sources into a system comprising compressed air energy storage, battery energy storage systems, and solid oxide fuel cells. However, the basic deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm lacks sensitivity to environmental changes, particularly when there is a mismatch in module capacity within the system. This limitation may affect the proper selection of the charging and discharging actions for the hybrid energy storage system. Thus, some modifications are dedicated to the careful replay buffer design in the basic algorithm, improving the ability to identify subtle changes in the reward function. The proposed method is also compared with other DRL methods to validate the feasibility and effectiveness. The simulation results demonstrate the compatibility of the improved algorithm with the proposed energy management strategy and better performance in terms of economic benefits.
Postvirale Zustände und Post-Covid-19-Erkrankungen – zwei erfolgreich
mit Homöopathie behandelte Fallbeispiele aus der Hausarztpraxis
Authors: Etter Gisela
Published: January 2025

Am 30. August 2023 wurde in der Schweiz eine Empfehlung für Ärztinnen und Ärzte
in der Grundversorgung zum Vorgehen bei einer Post-Covid-19-Erkrankung
publiziert. Da sich nach wie vor keine ursächliche Behandlung etabliert hat,
empfiehlt man wie bei anderen postviralen Zuständen einen symptombasierten
Ansatz.

Im Artikel werden zwei erfolgreich mit Homöopathie behandelte Patienten
beschrieben: ein 14-jähriger Junge mit Leistungsminderung, Kopfschmerzen und
rezidivierenden Halsinfekten nach einer Infektion mit SARS-CoV-2 und eine ca.
50-jährige Frau mit Ageusie und Anosmie nach einer sehr wahrscheinlichen
Infektion mit SARS-CoV-2.
Effect of thermal fluctuations on the long-range order of type-II superconductors
Authors: Sergeeva G. G.
Published: January 2025

A comparative analysis is performed for different definitions of the phase of the gradient invariant order parameter. It is shown that, irrespective of definition, the phase satisfies the same equations and boundary conditions. In the mixed state, the multi-valued part of the phase provides the main contribution to the correlative function of the order parameter and is associated with the destruction of the long-range order by thermal fluctuations in three-dimensional superconductors with finite values of the Ginzburg parameter. Possible consequences of the absence of long-range order in type-II superconductors in magnetic field are discussed.
Pressure effect on magnetic susceptibility of SmIn3 and DyIn3
Authors: Czopnik A. , Panfilov A. S. , Svechkarev I. V.
Published: January 2025

Pressure dependence of magnetic susceptibility of SmIn3 and DyIn3 compounds up to 2 kbar was measured at 78 and 295 K. Results are discussed in the framework of Van Vleck theory by taking into account the exchange interaction f and the Sm3+ ion ground state splitting Δ by the crystalline electric field. Supposing the value of d In I/d In V = − 2.8, which was found in DyIn3, the same in both compounds, the derivatives with respect to volume d In Δ/d In V = − 6.7 and d In χd/d In V = 1.9 in SmIn3 are obtained. The scale of d-band contribution χd into SmIn3 susceptibility is close to one in DyIn3.
Effect of a magnetic field on the amplitude dependence of internal friction and shear modulus of yttrium ceramics in the temperature range 4.2–300 K
Authors: Okovit V. S. , Starodubov Ya. D. , Chirkina L. A. , Lavrinenko S. D.
Published: January 2025

The amplitude dependence of internal friction and shear modulus are studied in an yttrium ceramic of various phase compositions, densities, and grain size in the temperature interval 4.2–300 K in a magnetic field H = 235 Oe and for H = 0. Microplasticity peaks and shear modulus defects are observed in the temperature regions of structural and phase instability of the yttrium ceramic. The effect of the magnetic field strength and of residual elastic stress fields after preliminary excitation of high-amplitude torsional vibrations in the sample (σ = 22 MPa) on the variation of microplasticity and shear modulus of the ceramic are considered for the first time. Possible reasons behind the microplasticity of yttrium ceramics are discussed.
Investigation of the internal magnetic field in high-temperature superconductors by the NQR method
Authors: Bondar’ A. V. , Ryabchenko S. M. , Fedotov Yu. V.
Published: January 2025

Using the NQR spin echo method, we studied the Zeeman effect on Cu and Bi nuclei that occupy nonequivalent positions in the crystal structures of YBa2Cu3O7−δ and Bi (2212). The data obtained are interpreted as a trend for the internal magnetic field of to localize near superconducting CuO2 planes HTSC materials. Comparison of the results for YBa2Cu3O7−δ and Bi (2212) suggest a strengthening of this trend with increasing anisotropy of the HTSC material.
Anomalies in the behavior of the trapped magnetic flux and its noise in a HTSC ceramic
Authors: Bogatina N. I. , Bondarenko S. I.
Published: January 2025

A systematic study of the spectral density of magnetic field noise inside a HTSC ceramic has been carried out. The variation of its drift rate with time is established for different intensities of the magnetic field trapped inside the ceramic for two samples of Bi2–xPbxSr2Ca2Cu3Oy, prepared with different technologies from YBa2Cu3O7–δ samples. The non-equilibrium part of the noise was measured together with its dependence on the trapped magnetic field. The white-noise spectral density, which is magnetic field independent, is shown to be due to the granular nature of the HTSC ceramic sample and controlled by grain size, while the larger part of the noise, which depends on the magnetic field intensity, associates with oscillations of vortices around equilibrium positions. The 1/f noise amplitude is due to the thermal excitation of vortices in the HTSC ceramic. In addition, an excess telegraph noise is observed in HTSC ceramic samples, which is due to the vortices slipping into closed superconducting loops, which consist of ceramic granules with Josephson junctions in between. We explain the experimental results obtained for the region of white noise as well as for the region of equilibrium and nonequilibrium 1/f noise, on the basis of the above mechanisms.
Adsorption on grain boundaries and superconducting parameters of ceramics
Authors: Koshkin V. M. , Ovechkina E. E. , Tkachenko N. V.
Published: January 2025

We studied the effect of adsorption of inert molecules on the critical temperature Tc, the critical current Ic, and the first critical field Hjc1 of various HTSC ceramics. The critical parameters of the Bi1.8Pb0.2Sr2Ca2Cu3Oy and YBa2Cu3O7−δ ceramics are shown to be sensitive to the time of keeping in nitrogen at low temperatures. Similar results have been obtained by making use of the chemically neutral benzene. The parameter that is most sensitive to the action of environment is Ic; its behavior is controlled by the grain size of the ceramic. We discuss a possible mechanism of this effect as well as possible difficulties that can be encountered in technical applications of the HTSC ceramics.
Distribution of holes between CuO2 and CuOδ planes in the YBa2Cu3O6+δ compound
Authors: Sukharevski B. Ya.
Published: January 2025

Previously obtained experimental data1,2 allow us to think that, as the oxygen concentration in YBa2Cu3O6+δ samples decreases, the distribution of holes between CuO2 and CuOδ planes changes to comply with the position of the stability boundary of the orthorhombic phase. The diagram of phase states in coordinates nCuO2,δ is calculated on the basis of the Landau potential with the use of experimental data on the position of the tricritical point nCuO2=0.2;δ=0.5 and the parabola apex nCuO2=0.5;δ=0.75, which sets the stability boundary for the orthorhomic phase. It is shown that saturation of the initial tetragonal phase with oxygen is realized along its stability boundary. The position of the stability boundaries agrees with the assumption of a proportionality between Tc and the content of holes in CuO2 planes nCuO2. The order parameter has the meaning of an orthorhombicity ratio.
Quantum topoligicai effects in a metal with a Kondo impurity
Authors: Zvyagin A. A. , Bandos T. V.
Published: January 2025

Changes in oscillations of persistent spin and charge currents in a metal ring with a magnetic impurity as compared to the impurity-free case are predicted. It is shown that the impurity is manifested in interactions of electron spin degrees of freedom, which is reflected in a change in the period of Aharonov–Casher oscillations.
Peculiarities of Raman scattering in an orientationally disordered NiSiF6·6H2O crystal
Authors: Eremenko V. V. , Kurnosov V. S. , Peschanskii A. V. , Fomin V. I.
Published: January 2025

The results of investigations of polarized Raman spectra in a NiSiF6 · 6H2O single crystal are presented for the temperature interval 2–300 K. All the vibrations predicted by the group theory analysis are observed for a crystal whose symmetry is described by the group R3¯(z=1). It is found that the crystal is ordered at low temperatures. An increase in temperature leads to the emergence of an additional line in the low-frequency spectrum, its intensity depending anomalously on temperature and reflecting the extent of orientational disorder of octahedral ions SiF62−. Such a disorder is explained with the help of a model in which the dependence of the potential energy of an SiF62− ion on the angle of rotation is described by a function with many minima. The proposed disordering mechanism is used to explain the obtained experimental results.
Quadratic magnetic rotation of polarization plane of light in antiferromagnetic CaMnGe garnet
Authors: Kharchenko N. F. , Bibik A. V. , Desvignes D. M. , Le Gall H.
Published: January 2025

A magnetic rotation of the light polarization plane proportional to the square magnetic field strength has been found in the tetragonal antiferromagnetic crystal Ca3Mn2Ge3O12. The dependence of the quadratic magnetic rotation on the orientation of the field in the (001) plane has been studied. It was established that this dependence is described by Φ0 cos 2φ. A maximum specific rotation of 0.43 degree/kOe2 mm at λ = 6328 Å and T = 6 K was observed for a magnetic field oriented along the [100] type axis of the cubic phase of this crystal. It is concluded that the magnetic point group of antiferromagnetic CaMnGe-garnet does not include the pure rotation operation 4z but does include antirotation operation 4z′.
Effect of transport current on the diamagnetic response of a superconducting plate within Bean’s model
Authors: Ul’yanov A. N. , Grishin A. M.
Published: January 2025

Within the framework of Bean’s model we calculate the real (χ′) and imaginary (χ″) components of the diamagnetic response of a current-carrying superconducting plate. Calculated and experimental results are compared. Agreement (in the high temperature region) and divergence (in the low temperature region) between theory and experiment have been established.
The magnon contribution to the heat capacity of multi-sublattice antiferromagnets La2CuO4 and CuCI2 · H2O
Authors: Pashkevich Yu. G. , Shakhov V. V. , Blinkin V. A. , Sobolev V. L. , Zakharov A. A. , Suetin A. V. , Khlopkin M. N.
Published: January 2025

Theoretical calculation has been performed for the magnon and phonon contributions to the heat capacity of the multi-sublattice antiferromagnets La2CuO4 and CuCl2 · 2H2O, the former of which is the basis compound for HTSC materials. It is shown that only in the former compound does the exchange magnon contribution to the low-temperature heat capacity compare with the contribution of acoustic phonons, which is a consequence of the two-dimensionality of the magnetic subsystem. For La2CuO4, heat capacity measurements have been carried out in the temperature range from 4.5 to 25 K to find anomalies that are related to the magnon contribution.
Local flattening of the Fermi surface and cyclotron resonance in a normal magnetic field in cadmium and zinc
Authors: Zimbovskaya N. A.
Published: January 2025

It is shown that resonance singularities of the surface impedance, observed in monocrystalline samples of cadmium /V. P. Naberezhnykh and N. K. Dan’shin, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 56, 1223 (1969)/ and zinc /V. P. Naberezhnykh and V. L. Mel’nik, Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 7, 258 (1965)/ in a magnetic field H directed along the normal to the metal may be caused for H‖n‖[1122¯0] by local flattening of the Fermi surface at the vertices of an electron lens.
On the theory of solidification of a supercooled liquid. I: Thermodynamics of Solid Clusters
Authors: Bakai A. S.
Published: January 2025

The solution of the problem on solidification of a liquid, taking into account the heterophase fluctuations and competing formation and growth of crystalline and noncrystalline nuclei, requires a description of the thermodynamic properties of noncrystalline nuclei. In this paper we describe the statistical and thermodynamic properties of noncrystalline nuclei, taking into account the diversity of their structural states. The density of structural states is introduced and an expression obtained for the free energy of a noncrystalline nucleus, which is valid in the limit of a large number of atoms in a nucleus. The ergodicity violation is taken into consideration.
Nonlinear low-temperature conductivity of the junction Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox/Ag
Authors: Xiang Yu. N. , Shevchenko O. G. , Nalbat Yu. S.
Published: January 2025

Electrical properties of a contact formed by burning silver paste into the surface of a BiSrCaCuO crystal are studied. The contact displays tunneling properties of an NIS junction with an energy gap much smaller than in the bulk of a high-temperature superconductor. Such a low value of the gap parameter is attributed to the surface-layer superconductivity suppressed or induced in the HTS by the proximity effect.