bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of bone metastasis on prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhu Yonghua , She Jingyao , Sun Rong , Yan XinXin , Huang Xinyao , Wang Peijuan , Li Bo , Sun Xiangdong , Wang Changqing , Jiang Kai
Published: November 2024

Background

Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for approximately 85% of cases. While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed treatment for advanced NSCLC, the role of bone metastasis in modulating ICI efficacy remains unclear. Bone metastasis, occurring in 30-40% of advanced NSCLC cases, is associated with worse outcomes. However, how this affects the therapeutic benefit of ICIs has not been fully elucidated, highlighting a critical knowledge gap in optimizing treatment for this patient population.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search across multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane, identified 13 studies with a total of 3,681 patients, of whom 37.6% had bone metastasis. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were compared between NSCLC patients with and without bone metastasis. Data were analyzed using a random-effects model to account for study heterogeneity.

Results

The meta-analysis demonstrated that bone metastasis significantly worsened overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in NSCLC patients treated with ICIs. Specifically, bone metastasis was associated with a 45% increased risk of death (HR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.30–1.62, p < 0.001) and a 40% increased risk of disease progression (HR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.25–1.58, p < 0.001). No statistically significant impact on PFS was observed. (HR: 1.28, 95% CI: 0.77–2.10, p = 0.34). High heterogeneity was observed in some subgroup analyses (I² = 72%), indicating variability in the results.

Conclusion

Bone metastasis is a significant negative prognostic factor for NSCLC patients treated with ICIs, associated with a higher risk of mortality and disease progression. These results underscore the importance of tailored treatment approaches for NSCLC patients with bone metastasis and call for further research to optimize therapy outcomes in this group.
High-performance optoelectronic devices based on TeOx nanowires: synthesis, characterization and photodetection
Authors: Sui Jinggao , Lan Xiang , Zhang Baihui , Zhong Mianzeng , Wang Guang , Cao Jinhui
Published: November 2024

Low-dimensional nanomaterials have garnered significant interest for their unique electronic and optical properties, which are essential for advancing next-generation optoelectronic devices. Among these, tellurium suboxide (TeOx)-based nanowires (NWs), with their quasi-one-dimensional (1D) structure, offer distinct advantages in terms of charge transport and light absorption. In this study, we present a comprehensive investigation into the controlled synthesis, structural properties, and optoelectronic performance of TeOx nanowires. Nanowires were synthesized via chemical vapor deposition process and exhibited a high aspect ratio with excellent structural quality, confirmed through Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TeOx nanowires demonstrated high crystallinity, smooth surface morphology, and consistent growth across the substrate, making them suitable for scalable device fabrication. The optoelectronic characterization of a fabricated photodetector, based on a single TeOx nanowire, revealed remarkable photoresponsivity and stability across a broad range of light intensities. These findings position TeOx nanowires as promising candidates for future optoelectronic devices such as photodetectors and optical sensors.
Banxia-Yiyiren alleviates insomnia and anxiety by regulating the gut microbiota and metabolites of PCPA-induced insomnia model rats
Authors: Wang Liang , Qi Xiaorong , Wang Shuo , Tian Chujiao , Zou Tao , Liu Zihan , Chen Qi , Chen Yingfan , Zhao Yunshan , Li Shaodan , Yang Minghui , Chai Ningli
Published: November 2024

Objective

This study aims to clearly define the effects of Banxia-Yiyiren on the gut microbiota and its metabolites in a para-chlorophenylalanine-induced insomnia model and the possible underlying mechanisms involved.

Materials and methods

We employed 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene sequencing combined with metabonomic analysis to explore the mutual effects of the PCPA-induced insomnia model and the gut microbiota and the intrinsic regulatory mechanism of Banxia-Yiyiren on the gut microbiota and metabolites in the PCPA-induced insomnia model.

Results

Banxia-Yiyiren was identified by mass spectrometry to include amino acids, small peptides, nucleotides, organic acids, flavonoids, fatty acids, lipids, and other main compound components. The elevated plus maze (EPM) test results revealed that high-dose Banxia-Yiyiren may increase willingness to explore by improving anxiety-like symptoms caused by insomnia. Through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, at the phylum level, compared with those in G1, the relative abundances of Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria in G2 increased, whereas the relative abundance of Firmicutes decreased. At the genus level, compared with those in G1, the relative abundances of Prevotella_9, Prevotella, Ralstonia, Escherichia-Shigella, and UCG-005 in G2 increased, whereas the relative abundances of Lactobacillus, Ligilactobacillus, Alloprevotella, Blautia, and Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group decreased. The metabolomics analysis results revealed 1,574 metabolites, 36.48% of which were classified as lipids and lipid-like molecules, 20.76% as organic acids and their derivatives, and 13.36% as organic heterocyclic compounds. The correlation between the top 20 differentially abundant metabolites in the G1–G2 groups was greater than that between the G3–G2 and G6–G2 groups. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed that the main differentially abundant metabolites in each group were significantly enriched in various pathways, such as amino acid metabolism, adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, protein digestion, and absorption. Additionally, there was a significant Pearson correlation between the genus-level differences in the gut microbiota and the differentially abundant metabolites among the G1–G2, G3–G2, and G6–G2 groups.

Conclusion

This study preliminarily verified that the PCPA-induced insomnia model is closely related to gut microbial metabolism and microecological disorders, and for the first time, we confirmed that Banxia-Yiyiren can act on the gut microbiota of PCPA-induced insomnia model rats and alleviate insomnia and anxiety by regulating the species, structure, abundance, and metabolites of the gut microbiota.
Plasma symmetric dimethylarginine as a metabolite biomarker of severe acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Pihlasviita Saana , Mattila Olli S. , Nukarinen Tiina , Kuisma Markku , Harve-Rytsälä Heini , Ritvonen Juhani , Sibolt Gerli , Curtze Sami , Strbian Daniel , Pystynen Mikko , Tatlisumak Turgut , Lindsberg Perttu J.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

After severe ischemic stroke (IS), circulating levels of symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) increase. We investigated the early dynamics of SDMA in stroke to potentially aid with prehospital identification of severe IS from hemorrhagic stroke (HS).

Methods

We performed targeted mass spectrometry (MS) measurements of SDMA in two sequential acute plasma samples (early and secondary) of 50 IS patients with LVO and 49 HS patients. Secondary samples of 227 IS and 84 HS patients with moderate to severe symptoms (NIHSS ≥ 7) subsequently underwent ELISA validation.

Results

The median (IQR) last-known-well (LKW) to sampling times were 43 min (35–67) for early samples in the MS analysis, and 83 min (65–113) for secondary samples in MS and ELISA analyses. No inter-group differences existed in early samples, but IS patients had significantly higher mean (IQR) SDMA levels in secondary samples in both analyses: 5.8 (5.3–6.9) vs. 5.1 (4.2–5.8) A.U. for HS, p < 0.001, with MS; and 0.82 (0.72–1.01) vs. 0.71 (0.58–0.85) nmol/mL for HS, p < 0.001, with ELISA. For IS patients, higher SDMA levels were associated with cardioembolic stroke: 0.84 (0.73–1.09) vs. 0.79 (0.71–0.91) nmol/mL for other etiologies, p = 0.042, and poor outcome: modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 4–6; 0.90 (0.73–1.06) vs. 0.80 (0.72–0.97) nmol/mL for mRS 0–3 (p = 0.045).

Conclusion

In a large clinical cohort of stroke patients with moderate to severe symptoms, our data suggest that SDMA can assist in differentiation of IS and HS patients already 1 h and a half after symptom onset. SDMA may prove to have future value in a diagnostic stroke biomarker panel.
Functional brain controllability in Parkinson’s disease and its association with motor outcomes after deep brain stimulation
Authors: Li Ziyu , Liu Zhiqin , Gao Yuan , Tang Biqiu , Gu Shi , Luo Chunyan , Lui Su
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Considering the high economic burden and risks of deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgical failure, predicting the motor outcomes of DBS in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is of significant importance in clinical decision-making. Functional controllability provides a rationale for combining the abnormal connections of the cortico-striato-thalamic-cortical (CSTC) motor loops and dynamic changes after medication in DBS outcome prediction.

Methods

In this study, we analyzed the association between preoperative delta functional controllability after medication within CSTC loops and motor outcomes of subthalamic nucleus DBS (STN-DBS) and globus pallidus interna DBS (GPi-DBS) and predicted motor outcomes in a Support Vector Regression (SVR) model using the delta controllability of focal regions.

Results

While the STN-DBS motor outcomes were associated with the delta functional controllability of the thalamus, the GPi-DBS motor outcomes were related to the delta functional controllability of the caudate nucleus and postcentral gyrus. In the SVR model, the predicted and actual motor outcomes were positively correlated, with p = 0.020 and R = 0.514 in the STN-DBS group, and p = 0.011 and R = 0.705 in the GPi- DBS group.

Discussion

Our findings indicate that different focal regions within the CSTC motor loops are involved in STN-DBS and GPi-DBS and support the feasibility of functional controllability in predicting DBS motor outcomes for PD in clinical decision-making.
Case report: Combination therapy of envafolimab with endostar for advanced non-small cell lung cancer with low PD-L1 expression
Authors: Wu Shuo , Dong Changhong , Hu Chenxi , Hui Kaiyuan , Jiang Xiaodong
Published: November 2024

In the management of advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without driver gene mutations, the current therapeutic strategies encompass chemotherapy, chemotherapy combined with anti-angiogenic therapy, and chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy. For patients with high programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1) expression, monotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors is a viable option. Recognizing that some patients cannot tolerate or decline chemotherapy, clinical practice has introduced non-chemotherapeutic treatment regimens, which have shown promising results. This article presents a clinical case of advanced NSCLC with low PD-L1 expression and negative driver gene mutations. The patient was treated with a chemotherapy-free regimen combining envafolimab with endostar. After 17 months of follow-up, both the primary tumor and metastatic lesions exhibited significant reduction, and no notable adverse reactions were observed. This case demonstrates the efficacy of envafolimab combined with endostar in the treatment of advanced NSCLC. This regimen enhances treatment safety and patient compliance, potentially offering a novel therapeutic option for patients with advanced NSCLC characterized by low PD-L1 expression and negative driver gene mutations.
Comparative impact of the affordable care act on breast cancer outcomes among women in two US states
Authors: Akinyemi Oluwasegun , Fasokun Mojisola , Weldeslase Terhas , Odusanya Eunice , Akinyemi Irene , Geter Kailyn , Akula Meghana , Michael Miriam , Hughes Kakra , Williams Robin
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Since the implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) and Medicaid expansion, states that adopted the policy have seen reduced uninsured rates. However, it is unclear whether increased healthcare access, particularly for minority and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups, has translated into measurable improvements in health outcomes.

Objective

Our study aims to evaluate the impact of the ACA and Medicaid expansion on breast cancer outcomes in Louisiana, which has implemented the policy, compared to Georgia, which has not, as of 2024.

Methodology

We conducted a retrospective study using SEER registry data from January 2011 to December 2021, including women aged 18-64 diagnosed with breast cancer. The impact of the ACA and Medicaid expansion on cancer-specific survival (CSS), overall survival (OS), and stage at presentation was evaluated. The cohort was divided into pre-ACA (2011-2015) and post-ACA (2017-2021) periods, with a one-year washout (2016). A difference-in-difference (DID) approach compared outcomes between Louisiana and Georgia.

Results

The study analyzed 62,381 women with breast cancer, with 32,220 cases in the pre-ACA period (51.7%) and 30,161 in the post-ACA period (48.3%). In Georgia, 43,279 women were included (52.3% pre-ACA vs. 47.7% post-ACA), while Louisiana had 19,102 women (50.1% pre-ACA vs. 49.9% post-ACA). Medicaid expansion in Louisiana was associated with a 0.26 percentage point reduction in overall deaths (95% CI: -10.9 to 10.4) and a 5.97 percentage point reduction in cancer-specific mortality (95% CI: -26.1 to 14.2). There was also no significant difference in disease stage at presentation compared to Georgia.

Conclusion

This study found no significant differences in overall mortality, cancer-specific mortality, or disease stage at presentation among women with breast cancer in Louisiana, which implemented Medicaid expansion in 2016, compared to Georgia, which has not expanded Medicaid.
Characteristics of voriconazole-induced visual disturbances and hallucinations: case reports and literature review
Authors: Liu Ya , Huang Ying , Liu Xiang , Wang Danxia , Hu Yixiang
Published: November 2024

Voriconazole, a broad-spectrum antifungal agent, is considered the first-line treatment for invasive aspergillosis. In this article, we report three cases of patients who experienced visual disturbances and hallucinations following voriconazole therapy for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. These symptoms appeared within 1 week after initiating voriconazole administration and resolved upon discontinuation or dose reduction of the drug. Considering the absence of any identifiable alternative cause and the temporal relationship with voriconazole initiation, these symptoms were attributed to the adverse effects of voriconazole. All three patients had trough concentrations exceeding 5 μg/mL at the time of adverse reactions, leading to subsequent therapeutic drug monitoring and dose adjustment. The clinical characteristics and management strategies of voriconazole-induced hallucinations and/or visual disturbances have been rarely reported previously. Therefore, our study reviewed and analyzed relevant case reports since 2014. This study highlights the importance of recognizing the potential risk of hallucinations and visual disturbances associated with voriconazole. Furthermore, our findings indicate that the route of voriconazole administration does not influence the frequency of these adverse events. Additionally, special attention should be given to monitoring adverse events related to voriconazole in Asian populations due to their higher prevalence of CYP2C19 poor metabolizers. In the event of adverse reactions to voriconazole, diligent monitoring of therapeutic drug levels and dosage adjustments is crucial. These clinical characteristics and management strategies offer advantages in terms of enhancing drug efficacy, ensuring treatment continuity, and minimizing the incidence of other severe adverse reactions.
Small molecule inhibitors target multiple neuropathological signaling to exert novel neuroprotection in intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Balkrishna Acharya , Mishra Shalini , Rana Maneesha , Rajput Satyendra Kumar , Pathak Suhrud , Liu Keyi , Dhanasekaran Muralikrishnan , Arya Vedpriya , Singh Shalini
Published: November 2024

Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) represent a critical health concern due to their potential to rupture, leading to severe morbidity and mortality. Small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) have emerged as promising therapeutic candidates for managing IA progression and rupture risk. The current landscape of SMIs targets various molecular pathways implicated in IA pathogenesis, including inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Among the prominent therapeutic candidates discussed are statins, recognized for their multifaceted effects, anti-inflammatory properties, and enhancement of endothelial stability, which may mitigate IA progression. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors are also highlighted for their role in preserving ECM structural integrity, essential for preventing IA wall weakening and rupture. Furthermore, the review evaluates the efficacy of anti-inflammatory agents such as corticosteroids and cytokine inhibitors in attenuating IA growth driven by inflammatory processes. Our findings highlight the possibility of several pharmaceutical therapies that target matrix remodeling, inflammation, and other underlying processes to manage cerebral aneurysms. By precisely delivering therapeutic chemicals, such as antioxidants, gene therapy vectors, or anti-inflammatory medicines, to the aneurysm site, these SMI technologies treat the underlying pathophysiological causes while sparing healthy brain tissue. This review underscores the potential of SMIs as adjunctive or primary therapies in the comprehensive management of IAs, emphasizing the need for further clinical research to optimize their efficacy and safety in clinical practice.
Disproportionality analysis of oesophageal toxicity associated with oral bisphosphonates using the FAERS database (2004–2023)
Authors: Chen Lin , Dai Zhicheng , Song Huangrong , Zhang Jiafeng , Li Tuo
Published: November 2024

Background

This study analyzed the FDA’s Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) data to investigate the correlation between oral bisphosphonates (BPs) and oesophageal adverse events (AEs).

Methods

We systematically extracted data on adverse reactions to oral alendronate, risedronate, and ibandronate from the FAERS database, covering the period from the 2004 Q1 to the 2023 Q4. The role_code of AEs mainly includes primary suspect (PS), secondary suspect (SS), concomitant (C), and interaction (I). This study targeted reports with a role_code of “PS.” According to the FDA deduplication rule, the latest FDA_DT is selected when the CASEID is the same, and the higher PRIMARYID is selected when the CASEID and FDA_DT are the same. Our analysis leveraged four statistical methods, including the reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN), and the multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker (MGPS), to assess the relationship between oral bisphosphonates and oesophageal AEs. The Kaplan-Meier method was utilized to evaluate the cumulative incidence of oesophageal toxicity, while the log-rank test examined the temporal onset profiles of these toxicities. Additionally, the Pearson chi-squared test was employed to identify any significant differences in mortality and hospitalization rates associated with the oesophageal AEs caused by these medications.

Results

The FAERS database had 41,590 AE reports for oral BPs, with 3,497 (8.41%) related to oesophageal AEs. Our findings indicate that oral BPs are disproportionately associated with an increased incidence of gastrointestinal system AEs at the system organ class (SOC) level. The adverse events identified at the preferred terms (PTs) level encompassed conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, oesophagitis, and oesophageal pain. A significant divergence in the cumulative incidence of oesophageal AEs was observed among patients treated with the three different oral bisphosphonates, as confirmed by the log-rank test (p < 0.0001). Hospitalization rates varied significantly among patients receiving different BPs (p < 0.05), but no significant difference in mortality rates was found.

Conclusion

The study establishes a significant link between oral BPs and oesophageal toxicity, highlighting the need for further research into the mechanisms of BP-induced oesophageal toxicity and potential preventive measures.
Impact of ischemic preconditioning combined with aerobic exercise on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure in men with prehypertension and stage 1 hypertension
Authors: Jang Min-Hyeok , Kim Dae-Hwan , Han Jean-Hee , Kim Seok-Ho , Kim Jung-Hyun
Published: November 2024

Introduction

A single bout of aerobic exercise is known to induce a temporary reduction in post-exercise blood pressure termed post-exercise hypotension (PEH). Meanwhile, an ischemic preconditioning (IPC), a series of short ischemia-reperfusion intervention, has also shown antihypertensive effects showing a potential nonpharmacologic intervention for hypertension. While the acute BP reduction effects of aerobic exercise and IPC are individually well-investigated, it remains unclear if combining both interventions has an additive effect on PEH.

Methods

A total of twelve pre- or hypertensive men (six prehypertension, six stage 1 hypertension) underwent either 30 min of aerobic exercise at 50% VO2peak (CON) or IPC before exercise, in a counterbalanced order. IPC involved inflating cuffs on both thighs to 200 mmHg for 5 min, alternating between right and left thighs for three cycles, totaling 30 min. Brachial BP was measured during exercise and 1-h post-exercise recovery whereas muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) from the rectus femoris was monitored using NIRs during exercise and recovery. Heart rate variability (HRV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) together with a head-up tilt test (at 0 and 50°) were measured at the pre-test, post-test, and 24-h post-test. After the completion of each experiment, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) was monitored to assess post-exercise hypotension within a 24-h window.

Results

BP and heart rate responses during exercise and 1-h recovery did not differ between conditions while SmO2 was significantly elevated during exercise in IPC (p = 0.004). There was no difference in HRV and supine BRS. However, significantly reduced titled BRS after exercise was found in CON while IPC preserved BRS similar to pre-exercise value, extending to 24-h post period (p = 0.047). ABP monitoring revealed a significant reduction in systolic BP during sleep in IPC compared to CON (p = 0.046).

Conclusion

The present findings suggest that IPC with a single session of aerobic exercise results in a notable decrease in systolic ABP, particularly during sleep, compared to aerobic exercise alone. This supplementary antihypertensive effect was associated with a sustained BRS, persisting up to 24 h in contrast to the significant decrease observed in CON. Future studies are warranted to investigate long-term adaptations to IPC.
Differential impact of plant-based selenium nanoparticles on physio-biochemical properties, antioxidant defense system and protein regulation in fruits of huanglongbing-infected ‘Kinnow’ mandarin plants
Authors: Ikram Muhammad , Raja Naveed Iqbal , Mohamed Azza H. , Mashwani Zia-Ur-Rehman , Omar Ahmad A. , Gharibi Hassan , Zubarev Roman A.
Published: November 2024

Huanglongbing disease (HLB) is the most severe citrus disease destroying Citrus reticulata L. ‘Kinnow’, the most commonly grown mandarin in Pakistan. It is caused by Candidatus Liberibacter bacterial species and it spreads through the sucking Asian citrus psyllid insect. The current study was designed to investigate the potential impact of plant extract mediated selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on antioxidant defense system, fruit quality and protein regulation in the fruits of HLB-infected ‘Kinnow’ mandarin plants. Garlic cloves extract was used as reducing and capping agent for the synthesis of SeNPs. Various concentrations of SeNPs (25, 50, 75, and 100 mg L−1) were exogeneously applied to HLB-positive citrus plants. SeNPs at the concentration of 75 mg L-1 affected positively fruit physio-biochemical parameters, e.g., peel thickness, peel weight, fruit weight, fruit diameter, total soluble solids, juice volume, ascorbic acid content and reduced total acidity. Furthermore, SeNPs also enhanced the amounts of total protein and total sugar as well as elevated antioxidant enzymes, e.g., superoxide dismutase, peroxidases, and catalases. Non-enzymatic antioxidant content, e.g., total phenolic and total flavonoids, was also elevated. Proteomics analysis revealed that exposure to SeNPs at the concentration of 75 mg·L–1 significantly altered in HLB infected mandarin fruting plants the expression of proteins associated with transcription, protection, cell wall biogenesis, cell wall organization, reproduction, stamen formation, embryo development, inflorescence development, as well as translation and response to oxidative stress. Our results revealed that foliar application of SeNPs influences the protein contents positively, therefore ameliorating fruit physio-biochemical quality by boosting antioxidant defense systems of HLB-infected ‘Kinnow’ mandarin plants.
The maize gene ZmSBP17 encoding an SBP transcription factor confers osmotic resistance in transgenic Arabidopsis
Authors: Sun Lifang , Wang Lijiao , Niu Jinping , Yang Wei , Li Zhifang , Liu Libin , Gao Shuren
Published: November 2024

Among the major abiotic stresses, salt and drought have considerably affected agricultural development globally by interfering with gene expression profiles and cell metabolism. Transcription factors play crucial roles in activating or inhibiting the expression of stress-related genes in response to abiotic stress in plants. In this study, the Zea mays L. SQUAMOSA promoter-binding protein gene (ZmSBP17) was identified, and the molecular regulatory mechanism of osmotic stress tolerance was analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that ZmSBP17 is part of the SBP gene family and is closely related to OsSBP17. The ZmSBP17-GFP fusion protein exhibited green fluorescence in the nucleus, as determined via tobacco epidermal transient transformation system. Acting as a transcriptional activator, the overexpression of ZmSBP17 in Arabidopsis significantly enhanced the expression of genes encoding superoxide dismutases (CSD1/2, MSD1), catalases (CAT1/2), ascorbate peroxidase 1 (APX1), and myeloblastosis transcription factors (AtMYB53/65), which increased the activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzymes and reduced ROS levels. Additionally, the expression of abiotic stress-related genes, such as AtDREB2A and AtNHX1, was significantly upregulated by ZmSBP17. Furthermore, ZmSBP17 specifically bound to cis-acting elements containing GTAC core sequences in the promoters of stress-related genes, suggesting that ZmSBP17 regulates the transcription of certain genes by recognizing these sequences. These results indicate that the overexpression of ZmSBP17 in Arabidopsis thaliana significantly increased tolerance to osmotic stress during the germination and seedling stages, which may enhance our understanding of the biological functions of SBPs in maize under abiotic stresses.
“Emotional regulation” or “affective regulation”?
Authors: de Jesús Gómez Ruth Mª , Cornu-Labat María A.
Published: November 2024

In recent decades, there has been an increased interest in psychology to understand the emotional experience. This growing interest has led to a proliferation of terms, among which regulation, intelligence, and emotional competence stand out. Research in these areas has facilitated a better understanding of what emotion entails and how to intervene in it. However, this study highlights that these contributions are insufficient if one aims to understand and intervene in how reality affects each person. In this sense, there is an advocacy for the recovery of the term affectivity, as it addresses all affective experiences and, therefore, is broader and more integrative.
How Western Buddhist climate activists negotiate climate emotions
Authors: Cairns Johannes , Pihkala Panu
Published: November 2024

Understanding the underpinnings of pro-environmental behavior is key to mitigating the socio-ecological crisis. Climate emotions have a critical albeit complex role in modulating pro-environmental behavior. Moreover, ideological frames, particularly those from world religions, exert strong influence on pro-environmental behavior, covering most of humanity. Among these, Buddhism has long been argued to contain elements suited to a green transition. However, empirical research on Buddhism and ecology is scarce, and little is known about the dynamics between climate emotions and behavior among Buddhists. In this article, we increase knowledge about the complex dynamics of climate action by analyzing findings from a case study investigating thirteen Western Buddhist climate activists, who operate at the intersection of Buddhism and environmentalism. Life history and thematic interview data shows that interpretations of Buddhism shape attitudes toward climate emotions in profound ways, with respondents manifesting high levels of emotional reflexivity. Interpretations of compassion and interconnectedness facilitate various levels of care for non-human nature. Some participants reported climate anxiety. Teachings on impermanence and cultivation of equanimity affect engagement with climate grief, anger, despair, and hope. Interpretations on karma allow negotiating a balance between individual guilt and allocation of responsibility to social structures, although the role of climate guilt emerges as somewhat conflicted among participants. Furthermore, emotion norms on avoiding anger and conflict can prevent individual and collective activation, and some participants were critical about traditional Buddhist interpretations of anger. Withdrawal into Buddhist practice with an inner focus was used to cope with uncertainty and burnout, and when seen to address the psychological roots of the climate crisis this could facilitate social disengagement. Our study contributes to interdisciplinary research on climate emotions, environmental activism, and religion.
A cross-sectional evaluation of binge-eating behavior and its correlation with anxiety disorders among adolescents in Northern Saudi Arabia: implications for future generations
Authors: Alhuwaydi Ahmed M.
Published: November 2024

Background and aim

Binge-eating behavior and anxiety disorders pose a significant public health issue worldwide, as it has severe implications for both the physical and mental health of the adolescent population. The present study evaluated the prevalence of binge-eating behavior, anxiety disorders, and associated factors among the northern Saudi adolescent population. Furthermore, we assessed the correlation between binge eating and anxiety.

Methods

The present population-based cross-sectional study was carried out among adolescents in the Aljouf region of Saudi Arabia from June 2023 to December 2023. A total of 384 eligible participants were selected using the convenience sampling method. The present study used a pretested Arabic version of the binge eating scale (BES) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) to assess the binge-eating behavior and anxiety disorders among the target population. The Spearman correlation test determined the strength and direction of the correlation between BES and HAM-A scores. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis was applied to find the associated factors for binge-eating behavior among the study participants.

Results

Of the 384 participants, moderate and severe binge-eating behaviors were found among 11.2% and 8.3% of the respondents, respectively. Regarding the severity of anxiety as assessed by the HAM-A scale, mild, moderate, and severe anxiety were shown among 12.8%, 9.6%, and 7.5% of the participants, respectively. Also, the study found a positive correlation between binge eating and anxiety scores, with a correlation coefficient of 0.26 and a p-value of 0.001. Furthermore, being female (p = 0.001), moderate (p = 0.004), and severe anxiety (P = 0.001) were significantly associated with binge-eating behavior.

Conclusion

The present research findings advocate for the implementation of targeted interventions and support services aimed at decreasing binge-eating behavior and anxiety, thereby promoting the overall well-being of adolescents and building stronger future generations. Moreover, it is recommended that optional courses about binge eating be incorporated into the curricula of schools and universities.
Multimorbidity patterns in dementia and mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Valdevila Figueira José Alejandro , Valdevila Santiesteban Rocío , Carvajal Parra Indira Dayana , Benenaula Vargas Luis Patricio , Ramírez Andrés , Leon-Rojas Jose E. , Rodas Jose A.
Published: November 2024

Design

This is a retrospective cohort study. Setting: The study was conducted at the Instituto de Neurociencias de la Junta de Beneficencia de Guayaquil, a primary neuroscience institute in Ecuador.

Participants

The study evaluated 425 participants diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or dementia, out of which 272 individuals (mean age = 75 years; 164 female) presenting specific medical conditions were selected for analysis.

Measurements

Data were collected on demographics, medical history, and neuropsychological assessment using the Neuropsi scale. Conditions such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, hypertension, obesity, and history of traumatic brain injury were specifically noted.

Results

Latent Class Analysis identified three distinct classes of patients: Unspecified Cognitive Deterioration, Dementia, and MCI. The three-class model provided the best fit, revealing varied morbidity patterns and highlighting the influence of vascular and metabolic conditions on cognitive decline. Notably, similarities in hypertension and diabetes prevalence between Dementia and MCI classes suggested shared risk factors. The study also found no significant age differences between the classes, indicating that age alone might not be the primary determinant in the progression of cognitive decline.

Conclusions

The study underscores the complexity of dementia and MCI in an ageing Ecuadorian population, with vascular health playing a crucial role in cognitive impairment. These findings advocate for a holistic approach in managing dementia and MCI, emphasising the importance of addressing cardiovascular and metabolic health alongside neurocognitive care. The distinct morbidity patterns identified offer insights into tailored intervention strategies, highlighting the need for comprehensive, multidisciplinary care in dementia management.
Socio-demographic determinants of dietary choices and their impact on health in Spanish adults
Authors: Sandri Elena , Cantín Larumbe Eva , Capoferri Michela , Cerdá Olmedo Germán , Werner Lisa Ursula , Vega-Bello M. Jesús
Published: November 2024

Background

Although Spain has traditionally followed the Mediterranean diet, in recent years, changes have become noticeable in the food preferences of the population. These changes include adopting new diets and dietary trends, such as plant-based diets, intermittent fasting and raw food diets. These choices are influenced by cultural, social and socio-demographic factors, and their impact on health should be studied in detail.

Aim

The objectives of this research are: (1) to study the prevalence of different dietary patterns among the Spanish population, (2) to explore the dependence of dietary choice on socio-demographic factors, (3) to investigate the relationship between the social habits and lifestyle choices of the population and how it affects health.

Methods

A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on the Spanish population. Using a questionnaire constructed and validated by the research team, socio-demographic data were collected and different nutritional, social and lifestyle habits of the targeted population were explored.

Results

A valid sample of 22,181 people was collected among which 17,573 (79.2%) people claimed to follow a Mediterranean dietary pattern, 1,425 (6.4%) people followed a plant-based diet, 365 (1.6%) people are vegans, 1,018 people (4.6%) practiced intermittent fasting, 252 (1.1%) people followed a raw food diet and 1,548 people (7%) claimed to follow other types of diets. The data show that younger people (18–25 years old) tend to adopt more often a plant-based diet than older people and that women tend to follow this type of diet more often than men. On the other hand, men seem to practice intermittent fasting more frequently. A higher tendency to practice a raw food diet was found among people living in villages than those living in cities. Moreover, some trends were found in different regions of Spain, with greater adherence to a plant-based diet in Catalonia, while intermittent fasting is more common in the Region of Murcia. Finally, the results indicate that individuals who pay attention to their diet and experiment with various dietary patterns are generally more health-conscious. This is reflected in their adoption of healthier behaviors, such as exercising more and reducing their intake of alcohol and sugary drinks.
Towards care-centred societies
Authors: Spangenberg Joachim H. , Lorek Sylvia
Published: November 2024

Care work, often considered economically non-productive, is undervalued and professionally underpaid. This short perspective paper develops a holistic understanding of care, including paid and unpaid care work. It contributes to identifying pathways towards socially and environmentally sustainable, low-consumption societies. Based on archetypical definitions from feminist literature and gender studies, political science, sociology, psychology, ecological economics, and our own work in consumption analysis, we define care work as comprising activities and practices in relation to someone or something (e.g., the environment), which are nurturing and cultivating land, plants, animals, humans, and social groups to support wellbeing and quality of life. They do so by providing many of the “services” that enable people to participate in society and sustain objects of ethical, emotional, and relational value. The definition covers a broad spectrum of care work, including both professional paid care and unpaid, more or less voluntarily provided care (social norms constitute the “less voluntary” case). We differentiate amongst different types of care work and use this more fine-grain approach to have a closer look at the relation between paid and unpaid care and the relation of care to sustainable development.
Visualising the surface water system: an environmental justice-led approach
Authors: Bowman Bryony M. , Hunt Dexter V. L. , Rogers Chris D. F.
Published: November 2024

It is becoming increasingly apparent that the management, protection and utilization of water requires a place-based and systems perspective to enable complexity to be visualized and assessed. Understanding the complexity of relationships across this system enables an appreciation of impacts across social, environmental and economic perspectives. This paper explores the surface water system through an environmental justice lens, identifying key pathways which both support and inhibit movement toward environmental justice using system mapping techniques. While socio-economic systems, and the impact these have on the surface water system, are demonstrably important, these externalities are difficult to predict into the future, potentially impacting the system in a variety of ways. To address this uncertainty, future scenarios, based on the archetypes generated by the Global Scenarios Group, were developed at the surface water system scale. Exploring the impact of diverse future scenarios on the surface water system through an environmental justice lens enabled the characterization of leverage points and the formation of a conceptual model. Analysis of the conceptual model determined the existence of three feedback loops centred around circular generation, cost and value recovery, and urban development. This paper presents an approach for the development of visualizations and a conceptual model to enable evidence-based societal and environmental impacts to be analyzed through a justice lens. In doing so this creates a platform to enable cross-sectoral and cross-societal exploration of drivers and impacts using a common method of communication.
The “Recipe” for the Perfect Color
Authors: Magnabosco Giulia , Barbosa Soraia , Andrade Pedro , Carneiro Miguel , Vogel Nicolas
Published: November 2024

Nature is the source of many fascinating colors, which have been the subject of extensive research by biologists, chemists, physicists, and other scientists. Under the microscope, scientists discovered something interesting: some colors arise from chemicals, while others result from the interaction of light with tiny structures. The second type have incredible properties, especially their ability to stay the same, so that their colors do not fade over time. For scientists, understanding how this process works is crucial if they want to replicate such colors in their labs. By unlocking this knowledge, they can use it to create new materials that have any color of the rainbow, just by playing with their structures.
Exploring determinants of county suburban vegetable planting via the fsQCA-NCA approach
Authors: Wei Wei , Tang Huacang , Ma Hengyun
Published: November 2024

Taking 26 county suburban areas of significant vegetable growers in Henan Province as a case study, this paper constructs a theoretical framework for market demand, market supply, and market environment on the basis of the conditions constraining the scaling up of vegetable production in county suburbs. Six indicators are selected to measure the vegetable planting scale in different counties/districts. Using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) and necessary condition analysis (NCA) methods, ten configurations are analyzed. The results show that the main paths for achieving large-scale vegetable production in county suburban areas rely primarily on market demand, followed by market environment. On the basis of these findings, to improve vegetable production levels in Henan Province, efforts should focus on aligning with the willingness of vegetable growers, enhancing both the soft and hard environments for vegetable production, and nurturing and introducing leading vegetable enterprises to build the vegetable industry chain. These measures will gradually promote the realization of large-scale vegetable production in county suburban areas.
Open laminectomy vs. minimally invasive laminectomy for lumbar spinal stenosis: a review
Authors: Dhar Utpal K. , Menzer Emma Lilly , Lin Maohua , O’Connor Timothy , Ghimire Nischal , Dakwar Elias , Papanastassiou Ioannis D. , Aghayev Kamran , Tsai Chi-Tay , Vrionis Frank D.
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) refers to a narrowing of the space within the spinal canal, which can occur at any level but is most common in the lumbar spine. Open laminectomy and minimally invasive laminectomy (MIL) procedures are the most common surgical gold standard techniques for treating LSS. This study aims to review clinical and biomechanical literature to draw comparisons between open laminectomy and various MIL techniques. The MIL variation comprises microendoscopic decompression laminotomy, unilateral partial hemilaminectomy, and microendoscopic laminectomy.

Methods

A review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We reviewed 25 clinical, 6 finite element, and 3 cadaveric studies associated with treating LSS. We reviewed literature that discusses factors such as operation time, length of hospital stay, postoperative complications, reoperation rate, effect on elderly patients, patients’ satisfaction, and adjacent segment disease degeneration for the clinical studies, whereas the range of motion (ROM), von Mises stresses, and stability was compared in biomechanical studies.

Results

MIL involves less bone and ligament removal, resulting in shorter hospital stays and lower reoperation and complication rates than open laminectomy. It improves the quality of health-related living standards and reduces postoperative pain. Biomechanical studies suggest that laminectomy and facetectomy increase annulus stress and ROM, leading to segmental instability.

Conclusion

Although theoretically, MIL means less tissue injury, pain, and faster recovery in the short term, the long-term results depend on the adequacy of the decompression procedure and tend to be independent of MIL or open laminectomy.
Innovative unified impact of magnetite iron nanoparticles and quercetin on broiler chickens: performance, antioxidant and immune defense and controlling of Clostridium perfringens infection
Authors: Al-Nasser Afaf , El-Demerdash Azza S. , Ibrahim Doaa , Abd El-Hamid Marwa I. , Al-Khalaifah Hanan S. , El-borady Ola M. , Shukry Eman , El-Azzouny Mona M. , Ibrahim Mona S. , Badr Shereen , Elshater Nahla S. , Ismail Tamer Ahmed , El Sayed Shorouk
Published: November 2024

Necrotic enteritis caused by Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) is characterized by poor performance and higher mortality rates in poultry farms. Novel dietary intervention involving bioactive molecules loaded into smart magnetized nano-system with a potent antioxidant function (quercetin-loaded Fe3O4-NPs), was evaluated for their impact on growth performance, intestinal immune and antioxidant defenses, and resistance against Clostridium perfringens in a necrotic enteritis challenge model. Four experimental groups comprising a total of 200 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were fed different diets: a control basal diet, a diet supplemented with quercetin (300 mg/kg), a diet with Fe3O4-NPs (60 mg/kg), and a diet with quercetin-loaded Fe3O4-NPs (300 mg/kg). These groups were then challenged with C. perfringens during the grower period. Dietary inclusion of quercetin-loaded Fe3O4-NPs prominently reduced C. perfringens colonization and its associated virulence genes expression, which subsequently restored the impaired growth performance and intestinal histopathological changes in challenged broilers. Quercetin-loaded Fe3O4-NPs supplemented group displayed higher Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium counts, upregulation of intestinal host defense antimicrobial peptides related genes (avian β-defensin 6 and 12) and downregulation of intestinal inflammatory regulated genes (Interleukin-1 beta, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8, tumor necrosis factor-α, chemokine C–C motif ligand 20, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cycloox-ygenase-2). Intestinal redox balance was boosted via upregulation of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and heme Oxygenase 1 genes along with simultaneous decrease in hydrogen peroxide, reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde contents in groups fed quercetin-loaded Fe3O4-NPs. Overall, new nutritional intervention with quercetin-loaded Fe3O4-NPs impacted better immune and antioxidant defenses, attenuated C. perfringens induced necrotic enteritis and contributed to better performance in the challenged birds.