bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Method for the Construction of Functionalized DNA Bearing Amino Acid Groups through Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Nucleoside Triphosphates Followed by Primer Extension or PCR
Authors: Čapek Petr , Cahová Hana , Pohl Radek , Hocek Michal , Gloeckner Christian , Marx Andreas
Published: May 2007

Single‐step aqueous cross‐coupling reactions of nucleobase‐halogenated 2′‐deoxynucleosides (8‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyadenosine, 7‐iodo‐7‐deaza‐2′‐deoxyadenosine, or 5‐iodo‐2′‐deoxy‐uridine) or their 5′‐triphosphates with 4‐boronophenylalanine or 4‐ethynylphenylalanine have been developed and used for efficient synthesis of modified 2′‐deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) bearing amino acid groups. These dNTPs were then tested as substrates for DNA polymerases for construction of functionalized DNA through primer extension and PCR. While 8‐substituted adenosine triphosphates were poor substrates for DNA polymerases, the corresponding 7‐substituted 7‐deazaadenine and 5‐substituted uracil nucleotides were efficiently incorporated in place of dATP or dTTP, respectively, by Pwo (Pyrococcus woesei) DNA polymerase. Nucleotides bearing the amino acid connected through the less bulky acetylene linker were incorporated more efficiently than those directly linked through a more bulky phenylene group. In addition, combinations of modified dATPs and dTTPs were incorporated by Pwo polymerase. Novel functionalized DNA duplexes bearing amino acid moieties were prepared by this two‐step approach. PCR can be used for amplification of duplexes bearing large number of modifications, while primer extension is suitable for introduction of just one or several modifications in a single DNA strand.
Theoretical Investigation of the Stepwise Hydrolysis of the [Re3(μ‐Cl)3Cl9]3‐ Anion
Authors: Liakos Dimitrios G. , Simandiras Emmanuel D. , Psaroudakis Nikolaos , Mertis Konstantinos
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Predictions of the Properties of Water from First Principles.
Authors: Bukowski Robert , Szalewicz Krzysztof , Groenenboom Gerrit C. , van der Avoird Ad
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Infrared Spectroscopic Observation of the Group 13 Metal Hydroxides, M(OH)1,2,3 (M: Al, Ga, In, and Tl) and HAl(OH2)
Authors: Wang Xuefeng , Andrews Lester
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Reduced Nitridosilicate BaSi6N8.
Authors: Stadler Florian , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Subsolidus Phase Relation in the System ZnO—Li2O—MoO3.
Authors: Xue Liping , Chen Dagui , Lin Zhang , Lv Peiwen , Huang Feng , Liang Jingkui
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Synthesis, Crystal and Band Structures, and Properties of the Quaternary Supramolecular Complexes [Hg6Z4](MX6)Hgy (Z: As, Sb; M: Hg, Cd; X: Cl, Br, I; y = 0, 0.5, 0.6).
Authors: Zou Jian‐Ping , Li Yan , Fu Ming‐Lai , Guo Guo‐Cong , Xu Gang , Liu Xue‐Hui , Zhou Wei‐Wei , Huang Jin‐Shun
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Two New Copper Thiostannates Synthesized under Solvothermal Conditions: Crystal Structures, Spectroscopic and Thermal Properties of (DBUH)CnSnS3 and (1,4‐dabH2)Cu2SnS4.
Authors: Pienack Nicole , Naether Christian , Bensch Wolfgang
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Catalytic Asymmetric Epoxidation of α,β‐Unsaturated Esters with Chiral Yttrium—Biaryldiol Complexes.
Authors: Kakei Hiroyuki , Tsuji Riichiro , Ohshima Takashi , Morimoto Hiroyuki , Matsunaga Shigeki , Shibasaki Masakatsu
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Selective Deprotection of Bisulfite Addition Products by FeCl3×6H2O and Fe(NO3)3×9H2O Supported on Silica Gel under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Mohammadpoor‐Baltork Iraj , Khodaei Mohammad Mehdi , Ahankar Hamideh
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A New Method for Constructing Quaternary Carbon Centers: Tandem Rhodium‐Catalyzed 1,4‐Addition/Intramolecular Cyclization.
Authors: Le Notre Jerome , van Mele David , Frost Christopher G.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A One‐Pot Asymmetric Sequential Amination‐Alkylation of Aldehydes: Expedient Synthesis of Aliphatic Chiral Amines.
Authors: Wakchaure Vijay N. , Mohanty Rashmi R. , Shaikh Ahson J. , Nugent Thomas C.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Activation of C—Cl Bonds in Chloroalkanes by Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles: Formation of Tetrasubstituted Ammonium Salts from Tertiary Amines.
Authors: Park Kang Hyun , Jung Il Gu , Chung Young Keun , Han Jin Wook
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Raney Cobalt: An Effective and Recyclable Catalyst for the Pauson—Khand Reaction.
Authors: Muller Jean‐Luc , Rickers Annika , Leitner Walter
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mechanistic Study of a Pd/C‐Catalyzed Reduction of Aryl Sulfonates Using the Mg—MeOH—NH4OAc System.
Authors: Mori Akinori , Mizusaki Tomoteru , Ikawa Takashi , Maegawa Tomohiro , Monguchi Yasunari , Sajiki Hironao
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Iron Porphyrin Catalyzed Olefination of Ketenes with Diazoacetate for the Enantioselective Synthesis of Allenes.
Authors: Li Chuan‐Ying , Wang Xiao‐Bing , Sun Xiu‐Li , Tang Yong , Zheng Jun‐Cheng , Xu Zheng‐Hu , Zhou Yong‐Gui , Dai Li‐Xin
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Efficient Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Alkyl Aryl Ketones Catalyzed by Iridium Complexes with Chiral Planar Ferrocenyl Phosphino‐Thioether Ligands.
Authors: Le Roux Erwan , Malacea Raluca , Manoury Eric , Poli Rinaldo , Gonsalvi Luca , Peruzzini Maurizio
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Diazotization of Aromatic Amines and Solvolysis of Diazonium Salts in Ethylene Glycol Ethers.
Authors: Ram Ram N. , Singh Virinder
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Cyanoethoxycarbonylation of Aldehydes Catalyzed by Heterobimetallic Aluminum Lithium Bis(binaphthoxide) and Chinchonine.
Authors: Gou Shaohua , Wang Jun , Liu Xiaohua , Wang Wentao , Chen Fu‐Xue , Feng Xiaoming
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Efficient Non‐Palladium‐Catalyzed Controlled Synthesis and X‐Ray Analysis of Functionalized 1,2‐Diaryl‐, 1,2,3‐Triaryl‐, and 1,2,3,4‐Tetraarylbenzenes.
Authors: Goel Atul , Singh Fateh Veer , Dixit Manish , Verma Deepti , Raghunandan Resmi , Maulik Prakas R.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Construction of Adjacent Quaternary and Tertiary Stereocenters via an Organocatalytic Allylic Alkylation of Morita—Baylis—Hillman Carbonates.
Authors: van Steenis Dirk Jan V. C. , Marcelli Tommaso , Lutz Martin , Spek Anthony L. , van Maarseveen Jan H. , Hiemstra Henk
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ionic Liquid, 1‐n‐Butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, Resulted in the First Catalyst‐Free Aminohalogenation of Electron‐Deficient Alkenes.
Authors: Wang Yi‐Ning , Ni Bukuo , Headley Allan D. , Li Guigen
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Novel and Convenient Process for the Selective Oxidation of Naphthalenes with Hydrogen Peroxide.
Authors: Shi Feng , Tse Man Kin , Beller Matthias
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Direct Conversion of Substituted Pyrrole‐2‐carboxylic Acid Methyl Esters to Their 2‐Carbonitrile Analogues
Authors: Li Xun , Reuman Michael , Russell Ronald K.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Convenient Synthesis of Masked Aminoindoles by Indium‐Mediated One‐Pot Reductive Acylation of 3‐ and 2‐Nitroindoles.
Authors: Roy Sujata , Gribble Gordon W.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 6‐Methylindole‐4,7‐quinone and Antitumor Activities of Its Related Indolequinones.
Authors: Nobuhiro Junko , Hirayama Maho , Choshi Tominari , Kamoshita Keiichi , Maruyama Sakiko , Sukenaga Yoshikazu , Ishizu Takashi , Fujioka Haruto , Hibino Satoshi
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Intra‐ and Intermolecular Reactions of Indoles with Alkynes Catalyzed by Gold.
Authors: Ferrer Catalina , Amijs Catelijne H. M. , Echavarren Antonio M.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of 2‐ and 3‐Nitroindoles with Azomethine Ylides. A New Approach to Pyrrolo[3,4‐b]indoles.
Authors: Roy Sujata , Kishbaugh Tara L. S. , Jasinski Jerry P. , Gribble Gordon W.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Direct Oxidative Conversion of Aldehydes and Alcohols to 2‐Imidazolines and 2‐Oxazolines Using Molecular Iodine.
Authors: Ishihara Midori , Togo Hideo
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Bicyclic Imidazolium‐Based Ionic Liquids: Synthesis and Characterization.
Authors: Kan Huang‐Chuan , Tseng Ming‐Chung , Chu Yen‐Ho
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Convenient Route to 2‐Substituted Benzothiazole‐6‐carboxylic Acids Using Nitrobenzene as Oxidant.
Authors: Charris Jaime , Camacho Jose , Ferrer Rosa , Lobo Gricela , Barazarte Arthur , Gamboa Neira , Rodrigues Juan , Lopez Simon
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Molecular Iodine Catalyzed Synthesis of Aryl‐14H‐dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes under Solvent‐Free Condition.
Authors: Pasha Mohamed A. , Jayashankara Vaderapura P.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Alternate Routes for the Synthesis of Ibruprofen Piconol.
Authors: Raju C. M. Haricharan , Anand C. Vijay , Dubey P. K. , Acharyulu Palle V. R.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Chiral Pool Approach Toward the Synthesis of Thalidomide Metabolites.
Authors: Luzzio Frederick A. , Duveau Damien Y. , Figg William D.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Benzo[c][2,7]naphthyridine‐5‐yl‐arylamines — Phenol Mannich Bases of the Amodiaquine‐, Cycloquine‐ and Pyronaridine‐Type.
Authors: Goerlitzer K. , Enge Ch. , Jones P. G. , Jomaa H. , Wiesner J.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Pyran‐2‐ones as Synthons for Pyridazine‐3‐carboxylic Derivatives. Oxidation of Nitrogen‐Rich Compounds.
Authors: Pozgan Franc , Kafka Stanislav , Polanc Slovenko , Kocevar Marijan
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Substituted and Unsubstituted 5‐(1,3‐Diaryl‐1‐oxopropyl)pyrimidine‐(1H,3H,5H)‐2,4,6‐triones.
Authors: Ahmed M. Giasuddin , Ahmed Syeda Asghari , Ahmed S. Mosaddeq , Sultana Tazin , Uddin Md Khabir
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Some Pyrazino, Pyrimido and Mercaptopyrimido Anellated Carbazoles Using 2‐Hydroxymethylene‐1‐oxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydrocarbazoles (I).
Authors: Sangeetha V. , Prasad K. J. Rajendra
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Highly Regio‐ and Chemoselective Addition of Carbon Nucleophiles to Pyrimidinones. A New Route to C‐4 Elaborated Biginelli Compounds.
Authors: Singh Kamaljit , Arora Divya , Singh Sukhdeep
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 6‐ and 7‐(1,2,3‐Trihydroxy‐1,2‐O‐isopropylidenepropyl)pteridines and Deoxygenation of Their 3′‐Hydroxy Groups.
Authors: Hanaya Tadashi , Takayama Daisuke , Yamamoto Hiroshi
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Formation of 4H‐1,2‐Benzoxazines by Intramolecular Cyclization of Nitroalkanes. Scope of Aromatic Oxygen‐Functionalization Reaction Involving a Nitro Oxygen Atom and Mechanistic Insights.
Authors: Nakamura Satoshi , Sugimoto Hiromichi , Ohwada Tomohiko
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ring Transformations of 1,2,4‐Dithiazoles: Synthesis and Biological Studies of Novel S‐Heterocycles, and Their Relevant Phosphono Derivatives.
Authors: Abdou Wafaa M. , Khidre Maha D.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Oxepin‐ and Oxocin‐Annulated Pyrimidine Derivatives by Claisen Rearrangement and Ring Closing Metathesis/Ring Closing Enyne Metathesis.
Authors: Majumdar Krishna C. , Maji Pradip K. , Rahaman Habibur , Roy Brindaban
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Addition of Dialkylzinc Reagents to N‐Phosphinoyl‐ and N‐Sulfonylimines.
Authors: Almansa Raquel , Guijarro David , Yus Miguel
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structure and Total Synthesis of Lysobactin (Katanosin B).
Authors: von Nussbaum Franz , Anlauf Sonja , Benet‐Buchholz Jordi , Haebich Dieter , Koebberling Johannes , Musza Laszlo , Telser Joachim , Ruebsamen‐Waigmann Helga , Brunner Nina A.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Discovery and Synthesis of New Immunosuppressive Alkaloids from the Stem of Fissistigma oldhamii (Hemsl.) Merr.
Authors: Zhang Yi‐Nan , Zhong Xiang‐Gen , Zheng Zong‐Ping , Hu Xu‐Dong , Zuo Jian‐Ping , Hu Li‐Hong
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective Synthesis of ent‐Sedridine (V) and (+)‐Coniine (VII) via Proline‐Catalyzed Mannich Reaction.
Authors: Nagata Kazuhiro , Nishimura Kosuke , Yokoya Masashi , Itoh Takashi
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Two New Hydroxy Chalcone Derivatives from Thymus cilicicus.
Authors: Ahmed Bahar , Al‐Howiriny Tawfeq A.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Two Convergent Approaches to the Synthesis of 1α,25‐Dihydroxy‐2β‐(3‐hydroxypropoxy)vitamin D3 (ED‐71) (VIII) by the Lythgoe and the Trost Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Maeyama Junji , Hiyamizu Hiroko , Takahashi Keisuke , Ishihara Jun , Hatakeyama Susumi , Kubodera Noboru
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Rapid “SAR” via Click Chemistry: An Alkyne‐Bearing Spiramycin Is Fused with Diverse Azides to Yield New Triazole‐Antibacterial Candidates.
Authors: Hirose Tomoyasu , Sunazuka Toshiaki , Noguchi Yoshihiko , Yamaguchi Yukie , Hanaki Hideaki , Sharpless K. Barry , Omura Satoshi
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Moenocinol and Its Analogues Using BT‐Sulfone in Julia—Kocienski Olefination.
Authors: Huang Hung‐Jyun , Yang Wen‐Bin
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Cyclic Ether via Intramolecular Acyloin Condensation.
Authors: Saito Tatsuo , Kimishima Atsushi , Nakata Tadashi
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Metal‐Hydrogen System under High Hydrogen Chemical Potentials
Authors: Fukai Yuh
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Lithiumboryl — A Synthon for a Nucleophilic Boryl Anion
Authors: Braunschweig Holger
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Aryl—Aryl Bond Formation by Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation
Authors: Alberico Dino , Scott Mark E. , Lautens Mark
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chiral Catalysis in Nanospores of Mesoporous Materials
Authors: Li Can , Zhang Huidong , Jiang Dongmei , Yang Qihua
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Helmeted Dialkylsilylene
Authors: Kira Mitsuo , Iwamoto Takeaki , Ishida Shintaro
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Photoinduced‐Electron‐Transfer Chemistry: From Studies on PET Processes to Applications in Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Griesbeck Axel G. , Hoffmann Norbert , Warzecha Klaus‐Dieter
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Efficient Catalysts for Asymmetric Synthesis of Chrysanthemic Acid
Authors: Itagaki Makoto , Suenobu Katsuhiro
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Spider Venoms: A Rich Source of Acylpolyamines and Peptides as New Leads for CNS Drugs
Authors: Estrada Georgina , Villegas Elba , Corzo Gerardo
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Microfluidic Devices: A Breakthrough on the Microscale?
Authors: Audrain Helene
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy for Direct Imaging of Reaction Rates
Authors: Wittstock Gunther , Burchardt Malte , Pust Sascha E. , Shen Yan , Zhao Chuan
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Organization of the torus longitudinalis in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): An immunohistochemical study of the GABAergic system and a DiI tract‐tracing study
Authors: Folgueira Mónica , Sueiro Catalina , Rodríguez‐Moldes Isabel , Yáñez Julián , Anadón Ramón
Published: May 2007

The torus longitudinalis (TL) is a tectum‐associated structure of actinopterygian fishes. The organization of the TL of rainbow trout was studied with Nissl staining, Golgi methods, immunocytochemistry with antibodies to γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), and the GABAA receptor subunits δ and β2/β3, and with tract tracing methods. Two types of neuron were characterized: medium‐sized GABAergic neurons and small GABA‐negative granule cells. GABAA receptor subunit δ‐like immunoreactivity delineated two different TL regions, ventrolateral and central. Small GABAergic cells were also observed in marginal and periventricular strata of the optic tectum. These results indicate the presence of local GABAergic inhibitory circuits in the TL system. For tract‐tracing, a lipophilic dye (DiI) was applied to the TL and to presumed toropetal nuclei or toral targets. Toropetal neurons were observed in the optic tectum, in pretectal (central, intermediate, and paracommissural) nuclei, in the subvalvular nucleus, and associated with the pretectocerebellar tract. Torofugal fibers were numerous in the stratum marginale of the optic tectum. Toropetal pretectal nuclei also project to the cerebellum, and a few TL cells project to the cerebellar corpus. The pyramidal cells of the trout tectum were also studied by Golgi methods and local DiI labeling. The connections of trout TL revealed here were more similar to those recently reported in carp and holocentrids (Ito et al. [2003] J. Comp. Neurol. 457:202–211; Xue et al. [2003] J. Comp. Neurol. 462:194–212), than to those reported in earlier studies. However, important differences in organization of toropetal nuclei were noted between salmonids and these other teleosts. J. Comp. Neurol. 503:348–370, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Colocalization and shared distribution of endomorphins with substance P, calcitonin gene‐related peptide, γ‐aminobutyric acid, and the mu opioid receptor
Authors: Greenwell Thomas N. , Martin‐Schild Sheryl , Inglis Fiona M. , Zadina James E.
Published: May 2007

The endomorphins are endogenous opioids with high affinity and selectivity for the mu opioid receptor (MOR, MOR‐1, MOP). Endomorphin‐1 (Tyr‐Pro‐Trp‐Phe‐NH2; EM1) and endomorphin‐2 (Tyr‐Pro‐Phe‐Phe‐NH2; EM2) have been localized to many regions of the central nervous system (CNS), including those that regulate antinociception, autonomic function, and reward. Colocalization or shared distribution (overlap) of two neurotransmitters, or a transmitter and its cognate receptor, may imply an interaction of these elements in the regulation of functions mediated in that region. For example, previous evidence of colocalization of EM2 with substance P (SP), calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), and MOR in primary afferent neurons suggested an interaction of these peptides in pain modulation. We therefore investigated the colocalization of EM1 and EM2 with SP, CGRP, and MOR in other areas of the CNS. EM2 was colocalized with SP and CGRP in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and with SP, CGRP and MOR in the parabrachial nucleus. Several areas in which EM1 and EM2 showed extensive shared distributions, but no detectable colocalization with other signaling molecules, are also described. J. Comp. Neurol. 503:319–333, 2007. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Down‐regulation of mRNAs for synaptic adhesion molecules neuroligin‐2 and ‐3 and synCAM1 in spinal motoneurons after axotomy
Authors: Zelano Johan , Wallquist Wilhelm , Hailer Nils P. , Cullheim Staffan
Published: May 2007

After peripheral axotomy, synapses are eliminated from the somata of spinal motoneurons. Recent evidence indicates that synaptic adhesion molecules play a role in maintenance of synaptic contacts, but so far such molecules have not been investigated in the context of synapse elimination after injury. In vitro, the neuroligins (NLGs) and SynCAM1 drive formation of synapses, and RNAi of NLGs results in decreased synaptic input, indicating an important role for these molecules in synaptic biology. To address potential involvement of NLGs and SynCAMs in postinjury synapse elimination, we investigated the mRNA expression of NLG1, ‐2, and ‐3; SynCAM1 and ‐3; and PSD‐95—an intracellular NLG‐binding scaffolding protein—in rat spinal motoneurons in control animals and after sciatic nerve transection (SNT). mRNA signals for NLG2, NLG3, SynCAM1, and SynCAM3, but not NLG1, were seen in uninjured motoneurons. Immunoreactivity for SynCAM was seen in close relation to synaptophysin immunoreactivity on the surface of motoneurons and in close relation to neurofilament immunoreactivity in the sciatic nerve. After axotomy, the signals for NLG2, NLG3, and SynCAM1 mRNAs decreased, whereas the signal for NLG1 mRNA remained undetectable and that for SynCAM3 remained at control levels. The signal for PSD‐95 mRNA decreased gradually and reached approximately 50% of control values 2 weeks after axotomy. Thus the retrograde response to axotomy of spinal motoneurons involves a rapid down‐regulation of NLG2, NLG3, and SynCAM1 mRNAs and a gradual decrease in PSD‐95 mRNA. This indicates that down‐regulation of synaptic adhesion molecules plays a role in postinjury synapse elimination. J. Comp. Neurol. 503:308–318, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of X‐ray extinction in crystals with inhomogeniously distributed dislocations
Authors: Masimov M.
Published: May 2007

The secondary extinction theory of Zachariasen for mosaic crystals as well as the formalism of Becker&Coppens have been used for substructure analysis (lattice disorientations, block size, density of excess dislocations, etc.) in crystals with inhomogeniously distributed dislocations in the Bragg case of diffraction geometry. In the case of large crystals DS ≫ Λhkl the mean total density ρD of randomly distributed dislocations was also estimated taking into account additionally the primary X‐ ray extinction treatment. In this connection two cases are considered: I) pure secondary extinction related to arrangement of dislocation walls and II) mixed extinction in crystals with large subgrains related to randomly distributed dislocations and arrangement of dislocation walls. In order to check the considerations, the experimental and calculated data were compared for Be (model I) and Cu (model II) single crystals. The weakly distorted single crystals of Be and Cu were experimentally investigated in the Bragg case of diffraction geometry using Cu Kα1 radiation by means of double crystal diffractometer. A new experimental procedure was proposed. Using alternative technique for substructure analysis (for instance EBSD) the reliability of analysis based on extinction phenomenon in weakly distorted single crystals has been checked. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Study of lactose crystallization in water‐acetone solutions
Authors: Brito A. B. N. , Giulietti M.
Published: May 2007

This paper describes a study on the process of lactose crystallization using a water‐acetone solution. The selection of lactose was based on its significance for the pharmaceutical and food industries and on the fact that the crystallization of this organic compound has been little studied and is, unlike inorganic compounds, complex. The objective was to achieve lactose batch crystallization of solutions by analyzing the crystal growth under different operating conditions. To determine solubility curves, the experiments were carried out based on gravimetric methods. All the crystallization experiments were performed according to the methodology proposed by Nývlt in 1985, who uses the temperature at which the first crystals appear (nucleation) to establish the width of the metastable zone and the induction time. The results showed that crystals with different average diameters, shape factors, and recovered mass were obtained for different water‐acetone compositions. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Colloidal CdS/SiO2 Nanocomposite Particles from Charged Colloids of CdS and Silica
Authors: Roskamp Meike , Schaper Andreas K. , Wendorff Joachim H. , Schlecht Sabine
Published: May 2007

Colloidal CdS/SiO2 nanocomposite particles were prepared from soluble negatively charged silica particles (d = 150 nm) and positively charged ligand‐stabilised CdS particles (d = 3 nm). The positively charged ligand shell of the CdS particles is constituted of thiocholine [TC, trimethyl(2‐sulfanylethyl)azanium chloride]. As a quaternary nitrogen atom carries the charge in this ligand, the positive charge on the particles is basically independent of the pH value of the solution. A neutral pH value was chosen for the deposition of the CdS particles on the larger silica particles which already contain a significant negative charge under these conditions. The obtained nanocomposite particles were characterised by optical spectroscopy, gel electrophoresis and electron microscopy.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Phosphoramidite quinaphos‐Type Ligands for Highly Selective Ni‐Catalysed Asymmetric C–C Bond Forming Reactions
Authors: Diez‐Holz Christiane J. , Böing Christian , Franciò Giancarlo , Hölscher Markus , Leitner Walter
Published: May 2007

Monodentate quinaphos phosphoramidites bearing different substituents in the 2‐position of the 1,2‐dihydroquinoline backbone were synthesised and characterised. Computational, NMR spectroscopic and X‐ray crystallographic methods were used for the elucidation of the structure in solution and in the solid state. Diastereomerically pure ligands were used in the nickel‐catalysed asymmetric hydrovinylation of styrene as well as in the cycloisomerisation of diethyl diallylmalonate. Enantiomeric excesses up to 91 % for the hydrovinylation reaction and up to 46 % for the cycloisomerisation reaction were obtained, accompanied with unprecedented high activities and regioselectivities. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Gel immobilization of acrylamide‐modified single‐stranded DNA template for pyrosequencing
Authors: Xiao Pengfeng , Huang Huan , Zhou Guohua , Lu Zuhong
Published: May 2007

A novel two‐step process was developed to prepare ssDNA templates for pyrosequencing. First, PCR‐amplified DNA templates modified with an acrylamide group and acrylamide monomers were copolymerized in 0.1 M NaOH solution to form polyacrylamide gel spots. Second, ssDNA templates for pyrosequencing were prepared by removing electrophoretically unbound complementary strands, unmodified PCR primers, inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), and excess deoxyribonucleotides under alkali conditions. The results show that the 3‐D polyacrylamide gel network has a high immobilization capacity and the modified PCR fragments are efficiently captured. After electrophoresis, gel spots copolymerized from 10 μL of the crude PCR products and the acrylamide monomers contain template molecules on the order of pmol, which generate enough light to be detected by a regular photomultiplier tube. The porous structure of gel spots facilitated the fast transportation of the enzyme, dNTPs and other reagents, and the solution‐mimicking microenvironment guaranteed polymerase efficiency for pyrosequencing. Successful genotyping from the crude PCR products was demonstrated. This method can be applied in any laboratory; it is cheap, fast, simple, and has the potential to be incorporated into a DNA‐chip format for high‐throughput pyrosequencing analysis.
Probabilistic structural response assessment using vector‐valued intensity measures
Authors: Baker Jack W.
Published: May 2007

Methods for using scalar and vector ground motion intensity parameters to estimate the probabilistic relationship between ground motion intensity and structural response are described and compared. Options include using regression analysis on structural analysis results from a set of unscaled (or uniformly scaled) ground motions, or fitting a probability distribution to the analysis results from scaled ground motions analysed using incremental dynamic analysis and related methods. Past methods for using scalar ground motion intensity are reviewed, and methods for utilizing improved vector‐valued intensity measures (IMs) are proposed. ‘Hybrid’ estimation methods that obtain the benefit of vector‐valued IMs using simplified techniques such as careful record selection are also discussed. The results are then combined with models for ground motion occurrence obtained from probabilistic seismic hazard analysis to compute seismic reliability, and the results obtained from the various methods are compared. In general, a tradeoff must be made between the accuracy of the functional relationship between ground motion intensity and structural response versus the number of structural analyses needed for estimation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A navigational guidance system in the human brain
Authors: Spiers Hugo J. , Maguire Eleanor A.
Published: May 2007

Finding your way in large‐scale space requires knowing where you currently are and how to get to your goal destination. While much is understood about the neural basis of one's current position during navigation, surprisingly little is known about how the human brain guides navigation to goals. Computational accounts argue that specific brain regions support navigational guidance by coding the proximity and direction to the goal, but empirical evidence for such mechanisms is lacking. Here, we scanned subjects with functional magnetic resonance imaging as they navigated to goal destinations in a highly accurate virtual simulation of a real city. Brain activity was then analyzed in combination with metric measures of proximity and direction to goal destinations that were derived from each individual subject's coordinates at every second of navigation. We found that activity in the medial prefrontal cortex was positively correlated, and activity in a right subicular/entorhinal region was negatively correlated with goal proximity. By contrast, activity in bilateral posterior parietal cortex was correlated with egocentric direction to goals. Our results provide empirical evidence for a navigational guidance system in the human brain, and define more precisely the contribution of these three brain regions to human navigation. In addition, these findings may also have wider implications for how the brain monitors and integrates different types of information in the service of goal‐directed behavior in general. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Can a community development model be used for health programmes in an industrialized country?
Authors: Bjaras Gunilla
Published: May 2007

Injury resulting from accident is a serious public health problem in Sweden, as it is in the rest of the world. Theoretically, almost all incidents can be prevented. However, in practice, injury‐prevention is a complex problem. A community‐level intervention programme for prevention of accidents was developed in the municipality of Sollentuna, Stockholm County. The primary strategy has been to involve the community through representatives as well as through local organizations and groups. Project organization has been built up in cooperation with the municipal primary health‐care department, local authorities, voluntary organizations and citizen agencies. A common opinion is that it is the actual process in a community programme which is important, that alters the type of involvement from a ‘top‐down’ to a ‘bottom‐up’ approach. Can a local community take over responsibility for running such a programme which has been initiated by an external authority or organization? We think that, at least for Swedish circumstances, the community development approach is far too optimistic in its expectation that community members should and can stay actively involved in programme decisions. Based on our experience, it does not seem possible to maintain a broad self‐sustained programme solely with input from community members.
The validity of a visual analogue scale in determining social utility weights for health states
Authors: Nord Erik
Published: May 2007

Asking people to place health states on a visual analogue scale is a commonly used technique for establishing social utility weights for life years. Recently, the technique has been adopted for setting priorities in the Oregon Medicaid Program in the US; as well as by the Euroqol© Group in their development of an instrument meant to serve as a tool for linking cross‐national valuations of health states. However, it is unclear what people mean when they value health states on a visual analogue scale. In a series of empirical studies, subjects expressed little depth of intention in relation to the valuations beyond the act of ranking states. Comparisons of the valuations, with valuations elicited by means of the equivalence of numbers technique, indicated that intervals between states on the visual analogue scale must be weighted more the closer they are to the bottom of the scale. This is the same as saying that visual analogue scale values should not be used directly as utility weights for life years. A transformation of the values is needed, and a power function may be suitable for this purpose.
Innovation as hospital culture: A trial and demonstration facility in an acute‐care hospital ward
Authors: Soar Jeffrey , Ayres Dianne
Published: May 2007

This short communication describes the establishment of a trial and demonstration facility for new products, technologies, methods and procedures in an acute‐care hospital ward at Concord Hospital in Sydney, Australia. The importance of innovation for all businesses, including hospitals, is discussed; and, why a project like the Model Ward can promote innovation as part of the corporate culture. The Model Ward development, implementation and its benefits are reported on and discussed.
Quality of care assessment of public and private outpatient clinics in Metro Cebu, the Philippines
Authors: Peters David H. , Becker Stan
Published: May 2007

Despite large investments in primary health care in developing countries, evaluation of the quality of services has been neglected. Managers need information on service quality to identify specific ways to improve health‐care delivery, and to determine how health programs can achieve their desired effects.

We tested several quality‐assessment methods in 48 public and private outpatient clinics in Metro Cebu, The Philippines. Structured observations of immunization sessions and clinic logistics highlighted functional problems at particular clinics that contributed to shortages of vaccines, sterilized needles and oral rehydration salts (ORS). Quality assessment of medical records for the treatment of diarrhea revealed a wide variation in the recorded quality of services. Clinical case histories were presented to public and private providers, who advised different approaches for case management, highlighting areas where improvement is needed. For example, public providers were more likely to use ORS to treat dehydration; private providers were more likely to enquire about symptoms of dysentery. Private providers were more likely to treat a mild respiratory infection with antibiotics, but few providers were likely to prescribe antibiotics for a child with signs suggestive of severe pneumonia. Advice to mothers was insufficient in most areas. These quality‐assessment methods can be used by managers to develop training curricula and solve problems in the delivery of primary health‐care services.
Using indicators to assess quality of hospital services in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Thomason Jane , Edwards Keith
Published: May 2007

In 1989 a study was undertaken to examine the costs of hospital services in Papua New Guinea. A total of 13 of the country's 19 provincial hospitals were surveyed. In addition, data were collected on key indicators of the quality of service provided by each hospital. These selected indicators provide a measure of the quality of administration and management, patient care, buildings and equipment and essential drugs in hospitals. Weaknesses in management and administration were found in all hospitals. Deficits were also found in other important areas. The use of a simple scoring system enabled the identification of those hospitals falling short of expected levels of quality. This paper presents a description of the performance of the surveyed hospitals over a range of indicators, discusses the implications of the findings and suggests further work to develop a regular quality‐assurance programme in hospitals.
Institutional features of health insurance programs and their effects on developing country health systems
Authors: Kutzin Joseph , Barnum Howard
Published: May 2007

Many developing countries are considering insurance as an option for increasing resource availability in the health sector in order to alleviate financial crisis. In addition to its impact on revenues, however, an insurance program also affects the efficiency and equity of health service delivery. This article examines these consequences of health insurance by reviewing a number of critical institutional characteristics of insurance programs in four developing countries—Brazil, China, Korea and Zaire—and assessing their impact on the efficiency and equity of the health sector. The characteristics highlighted in the article are: the system for reimbursing providers; the services covered by insurance; the role of the insurer; the extent of beneficiary cost‐sharing; and, the extent of the population covered by the insurance program. Indicators of health sector efficiency and equity affected by these characteristics reviewed are: cost escalation; resource allocation; the use of specific medical technologies; and, equity of access to services. Efficiency and equity problems are found to arise from the financial incentives facing providers coupled with their powerful influence over both the supply and demand for personal health services. Experience suggests that these problems are magnified when an insurer serves merely as a financial conduit for reimbursing providers. Efficiency and equity goals can be more effectively promoted by an insurance institution which actively organizes the entry of consumers into the health system and removes the financial incentives that encourage providers to increase the volume and cost of services.