bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risks Associated with the Presence of PVC in the Environment and Methods of Its Elimination
Authors: Chruściel Jerzy , Kudzin Marcin , Piwowarska Dominika , Festinger Natalia
Published: November 2023

Plastics have recently become an indispensable part of everyone's daily life due to their versatility, durability, light weight and low production costs. The increasing production and use of plastics poses a great danger due to the very long period of degradation, but also the negative impact on living organisms. Decomposing plastics lead to the formation of microplastics, which accumulate in the environment and living organisms becoming part of the food chain. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) contamination of soil and water seriously threatens ecosystems around the world. The durability and low weight make microplastic particles easily transported with water or air and end up in the soil. Thus, the problem of microplastic pollution affects the entire ecosystem. Since microplastics are commonly found in both drinking and bottled water, humans are also exposed to the harmful effects of microplastics. Because of the existing risks associated with PVC microplastic contamination of the ecosystem, intensive research is underway to develop methods to clean and eliminate it from the environment. Pollution of the environment with plastic, especially microplastic, results in the reduction of both water and soil resources used for agricultural and utility purposes. This review provides an overview of PVC's environmental impact and disposal options.
Words Problem Based Creation for Thematic Mathematical Stories: A Collaborative Action Research
Authors: Sumarwati Sumarwati
Published: November 2023

This research aims to improve the classroom practices of rural primary teachers in developing mathematics word problem through collaborative action research. The cooperation between fourth grade teachers and researchers from university focused on examining the results of the implementation of the two activities within the action plans, ‘Creating word problems communicatively based  by teachers’ and ‘Solving word problems easily by students’. From the analysis of qualitative data (interviews with students, observation and journal entries) and quantitative (tests and questionnaires) seen a significant improvement of the results of teacher in word problem creating and students in word problem solving. Developing word problem based on thematic mathematical stories enabled students to guide in using storytelling as a tool for understanding word problems
HEROISM-BASED HISTORY LEARNING AS AN IDEAL MODEL OF INDONESIAN HUMAN CHARACTER: IS IT POSSIBLE?
Authors: Saefudin Arif , Wasino Wasino , Susanto Susanto , Musadad Akhmad Arif
Published: November 2023

History learning has a strategic position to develop national character. Positive characters contained in historical material are important to continue to be developed. One of the important values is the value of heroism inherited by the heroes of this nation when fighting for the independence of the Indonesian nation. The spirit of this struggle needs to be revived to shape the younger generation's character. This is important because the character requires a process and an ideal model as a role model in its implementation in society. The heroes are one of the most appropriate models amid the lack of ideal models owned by the Indonesian nation.
ANALYSIS OF CLASS 3 STUDENTS' UNDERSTANDING IN COMPOSITION MULTIPLICATION MATERIAL AT SD NEGERI 2 KALANGSARI
Authors: Arti Sugih , Sidik Geri Syahril , Zahra Riza Fatimah
Published: November 2023

The ability to understand the concept of multiplication basically comes from the concept of addition which is done repeatedly, but in the process it is found that many applications of learning multiplication tend to be rote rather than understanding the multiplication concept itself. This has led to a lot of stigma that operating multiplication arithmetic operations is more difficult than other arithmetic operations. This research is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach that aims to describe the ability to understand the multiplication concept of students in learning mathematics. The research subjects were class III students at SD Negeri 2 Kalangsari. The determination of the subject was carried out using a purposive sampling technique with a sample of 15 students, then the 6 selected students were subjected to written tests and interviews. The data analysis technique in this study was to use student test sheets related to understanding the concept of multiplication and multiplication material in layers of elementary school students, then interviews were conducted with 6 students and class III teachers.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE THINK TALK WRITE TYPE COOPERATIVE MODEL USING PICTURE CARD MEDIA TO IMPROVE EFFECTIVE SENTENCE WRITING SKILLS IN CLASS III STUDENTS OF SDN 3 TAMANWINANGUN ACADEMIC YEAR 2022/2023
Authors: Anjalika Nanda Febri , Susiani Tri Saptuti , Ngatman Ngatman
Published: November 2023

The study aimed to describe the steps for implementing Think Talk Write and flash cards, improve writing skills about effective sentences through the application of TTW and flash cards, and describe the obstacles and solutions in applying TTW and flash cards. It was collaborative classroom action research conducted in three cycles. The subjects were teachers and 25 students of third grade at SDN 3 Tamanwinangun. The data were qualitative and quantitative. Data collection techniques were observation, interviews, and tests. Data validity used triangulation of source and triangulation of technique. The implementation of TTW and flash cards improved writing skills about effective sentences to third grade students of SDN 3 Tamanwinangun in academic year of 2022/2023. The average percentages of passing grades were 72% in the first cycle, 84% in the second cycle, and 92% in the third cycle. It concludes that the implementation of Think Talk Write and flash cards improves writing skills about effective sentence to third grade students of SDN 3 Tamanwinangun in academic year of 2022/2023.
Stochastic Precipitation Model Using Large Ensemble Data
Authors: Shinohara Mizuki , Inatsu Masaru
Published: November 2023

A precipitation dataset is created to estimate a reproduction period of several thousand years for stochastic flood risk assessment in the non-life insurance sector. A stochastic precipitation model for natural hazard risk assessment developed in a previous study was applied to a large ensemble data. The model was used to obtain the precipitation ensembles for the recent and future climate by +2 K and +4 K increases in mean temperature, respectively. We successfully created 10,000 years of precipitation data, which makes it possible to obtain precipitation data over a 1,000-year return period.
Estimation of Spatial Snowpack Properties in a Snow-Avalanche Release Area: An Extreme Case on Mt. Nodanishoji, Japan, in 2021
Authors: Katsuyama Yuta , Katsushima Takafumi , Adachi Satoru , Takeuchi Yukari
Published: November 2023

An extreme dry-slab snow avalanche occurred on January 10, 2021, at Mt. Nodanishoji, Gifu, Japan, during a heavy snowfall. The avalanche ran down a horizontal distance of approximately 2,800 m and damaged trees and infrastructures. This was estimated to be the second largest recorded avalanche in Japan. However, physical snowpack properties and their vertical profiles and spatial distribution, which caused the avalanche, were not addressed in the release area immediately following the avalanche, mainly due to unsafe and lousy weather conditions. Based on a snow depth distribution observed by an unmanned aerial vehicle and a numerical snowpack simulation in the avalanche release area, the spatial distributions of the mechanical snowpack stability and slab mass and their temporal evolution were estimated in this study. The procedure was validated by comparing the calculation results with the observed snowpit and spatial snow depth data. The results indicated that two heavy snowfall events, approximately 3 and 10 days before the avalanche onset, generated two different weak layers made of precipitation particles and associated slabs above the weak layers. The older weak layer was only generated on the northward slope due to its low temperature, whereas the newer layer was predominant over the avalanche release area. The procedure employed in this study is expected to be applied to other avalanche cases in the future.
Arrangements for Telephone Consultation on Radiation Health Effects in a Nuclear Emergency in Japan: Lessons Learned from the Nuclear Accident in Fukushima, Japan, 2011
Authors: Okuno Hiroshi , Kawakami Takeshi , Watanabe Fumitaka , Horikoshi Hidehiko
Published: November 2023

The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) established a telephone consultation system at the request of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in response to residents’ concerns about the radiation health effects following the nuclear accidents at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station of the Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) in March 2011. Eight toll-free telephone lines were established and employees with knowledge of radiation health effects were assigned for consultation. The JAEA expert response group for telephone inquiries comprised a telephone response team, a question-and-answer team, and a manager. Approximately 35,000 consultations were conducted from March 17, 2011 to September 18, 2012. Japan’s Basic Disaster Prevention Plan was revised following the accident, where one of the JAEA’s roles for nuclear emergency response was to provide telephone consultation on radiation health effects. The JAEA’s system for telephone consultation was improved following this experience. The description of telephone hotlines in the International Atomic Energy Agency’s guide, GSG-14, published in 2020, was discussed for further improvement in the JAEA’s telephone consultation system.
Health Literacy of the Elderly During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Muenboonme Weerayut , Nunthaitaweekul Pachanat , Rattakul Bhichit
Published: November 2023

This study assessed health literacy (HL) and its associated factors among the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic, in which HL affected disaster risk management. This cross-sectional study included elderly individuals from Dusit District, Bangkok, Thailand. A total sample of 500 was obtained through simple random sampling conducted between March and October 2022. Spearman’s rank correlation and the eta coefficient were used to analyze the relationships. As for the results, the total HL of the elderly was fair (x̄ = 54.01, S.D. = 14.05). Considering each aspect, it was found that 1) access to information and health services was poor (x̄ = 11.91, S.D. = 2.97), 2) comprehension of health information was fair (x̄ = 14.01, S.D. = 3.65), 3) assessment of health information and services was fair (x̄ = 13.60, S.D. = 3.83), and 4) application of information and health services was fair (x̄ = 14.49, S.D. = 3.60). Age, education, and comorbidity were factors related to the HL of the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic in Dusit District (p < 0.001). The results elucidate the HL of the population of this community during the COVID-19 pandemic, providing an indicator of the community’s potential for disaster risk management, including the preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery phases.
Türkiye'de İşsizlikle Mücadele Politikalarında UMEM(Beceri'10): Seçilen İller Bazında Değerlendirmeler
Authors: GÜMÜŞ Betül
Published: November 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de işsizlikle mücadele kapsamında uygulanan programlardan biri olan Uzmanlaşmış Meslek Edindirme Merkezleri (UMEM) Beceri’10 projesinin belirlenen illerdeki faaliyetlerini incelemek ve projenin seçilen illerdeki başarısını değerlendirmeye çalışmaktır.

Tasarım/Yöntem: Bu projenin seçilen illerdeki faaliyetleri projenin uygulandığı 2011-2015 döneminde illerdeki proje sonrası istihdam oranları, kursiyer sayıları, meslek grupları gibi göstergeler göz önüne alınarak incelenmiştir.

Bulgular: Yapılan incelemeler ile elde edilen sonuçlar, bu illerdeki projenin faaliyetlerinin illerin ekonomik yapısına ve sanayisinde ağırlıklı üretim yapılan sektöre göre farklılaştığını göstermektedir.

Sınırlılıklar: UMEM Beceri’10 projesinin faaliyetleri Aksaray, Karaman, Kayseri, Denizli, Konya illeri için incelenmiştir.

Özgünlük/Değer: Türkiye’de işsizlik ve işsizlikle mücadelede uygulanan politikalar konusunda pek çok çalışma bulunmaktadır. Ancak UMEM Beceri’10 proje hakkında yapılmış çalışmalar oldukça azdır. Yapısal işsizliğin ön plana çıktığı Türkiye’de bu çalışma, UMEM Beceri’10 projesinin incelenmesi ve istihdam sağlama konusunda yapılan değerlendirmelerin uygulanması planlanan diğer programlarda dikkate alınabilecek olması bakımından önemlidir.
Ekolojik Ayak İzi ve Turizm İlişkisinin GUW Eşbütünleşme Testi ile Analizi
Authors: SUNGUR Oğuzhan , BOZKURT Eda , ALTINER Ali
Published: November 2023

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, turizm ile ekolojik ayak izi arasındaki ilişkiyi Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi (EKC) Hipotezi çerçevesinde ele almaktır.
Tasarım/Yöntem: Araştırmada ekolojik ayak izi en yüksek 10 ülke 1995-2020 periyodu için ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın yönteminde Gengenbach, Urbain ve Westerlund (2016) tarafından geliştirilmiş GUW eşbütünleşme testi kullanılmıştır. Uzun dönem katsayı tahminleri ise Ortak İlişkili Etkiler (Common Correlated Effect-CCE) testi ile yapılmıştır.
Bulgular: Bulgular gelen uluslararası turist sayısının ekolojik ayak izi üzerinde bazı ülkeler için pozitif bazı ülkeler için negatif etkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca Japonya ve Güney Kore’de Kuznets Eğrisinin ters U şeklinde olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Sınırlılıklar: Araştırmanın en önemli sınırlılığını, ekolojik ayak izi en yüksek 10 ülkenin analize dahil edilmiş olması ve araştırmanın örneklem grubunu oluşturan ülke seti açısından veri temini oluşturmaktadır. Sonraki çalışmalarda ülke sayısının artırılması ve daha uzun zamanı içeren verilerin elde edilebilmesiyle ile daha kapsamlı çalışmalar yapılabilir.
Özgünlük/Değer: EKC hipotezi birçok çalışmada çoğunlukla karbon emisyonu ele alınarak incelenmiştir. Ekolojik ayak izi değişkeni son yıllarda çevre kalitesini ölçmede kullanılan önemli bir göstergedir. Diğer taraftan turizm ülkeler için önemli bir gelir getirici kalem olarak görülmektedir. Ekolojik ayak izi ve turizmin EKC Hipotezi ile incelenmesi araştırmanın özgün değerini oluşturmaktadır.
Güvenlik Teorileri Bağlamında Türkiye’deki Düşünce Kuruluşlarının 2011 Suriye Göçüne Yaklaşımları
Authors: YOLCU Tugba , YARŞI Melis İlayda
Published: November 2023

Amaç: Göç devlet, birey ve değerler noktasında siyasi, ekonomik, toplumsal güvenlik temelli tehditleri barındırmaktadır. 2011 yılında yaşanan Suriye iç savaşı ile birlikte Türkiye’ye yönelik gerçekleşen kitlesel göç güvenlik tartışmalarını başlatmıştır. Bir taraftan misafir ülke halkı diğer taraftan göç edenler açısından farklı güvenlik tehditleri gündeme gelmiştir. Bu tehditlere karşı çözüm üretme görevi üstlenmiş olan düşünce kuruluşları, belirli bir konuda politika değişiklikleri veya yeni yaklaşımlar önererek politika yapım sürecine katkıda bulunabilir. Bu nedenle göçün güvenlikle bağlantısına, düşünce kuruluşlarının yaklaşımları bu alana yönelik kamu politikası oluşturma çabaları açısından da önemlidir. Çalışma, bu yaklaşımdan hareketle Türkiye’deki düşünce kuruluşlarının konuya güvenlik teorileri bağlamında yaklaşımlarını ele almayı amaçlamaktadır.

Tasarım/Yöntem: Araştırmada “2020 Global Go To Think Tank Index”de yer alan düşünce kuruluşuna ait rapor incelemeye alınmıştır. Raporlar doküman analizi yöntemi ile “güvenlik” anahtar kelimesi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir.

Bulgular: Analizler sonucunda; klasik güvenlik yaklaşımının aksine düşünce kuruluşlarının Derinleştirmeci yaklaşım çerçevesinde güvenlik sorununa raporlarında yer verdikleri; kamusal politikaları destekleyici fikirlerin raporda yer aldığı görülmekle birlikte bazı raporlarda özellikle toplumsal alanda yer alan tepkileri de ön plana çıkaran bulgular tespit edilmiştir.

Sınırlılıklar: Örneklemin sadece “2020 Global Go To Think Tank Index”de Suriyeli göçüne yönelik güvenlik ile ilgili raporları olan dört düşünce kuruluşunun seçilmesi araştırmanın sınırlılıklarıdır.

Özgünlük/Değer: Göç ve güvenlik özellikle Suriyeli göçü, yoğun olarak çalışılmasına karşın düşünce kuruluşları özelinde Suriyeli göçüne yönelik güvenlik algısı literatürde yer alamamaktadır. Bu nedenle çalışma güvenlik sorunun düşünce kuruluşları özelinde nasıl algılandığını ortaya çıkarması bakından önemlidir.
FEATURES OF EXISTING CONSTRUCTION TYPES OF CONNECTIONS FOR TORQUE TRANSMISSION
Authors: Ohrimenko Oleksandr , Glavcheva Julia , Starchenko Olena , Fedorenko Vitaly , Fu Hong
Published: November 2023

The main goal of modern mechanical engineering is the production of high-quality products with minimal capital investments and as little time as possible, which at the same time is accompanied by a constant increase in the complexity of the geometric shapes of parts and their accuracy, high requirements for mating surfaces and their properties, the performance of assembly products and their operating conditions. Elements of splined and splined joints make up a significant share of machine-building products among a wide variety of other products. There is a significant group of plug connections used for torque transmission, in which the plug is made using special design conditions of assembly. this group primarily includes keyed and slotted connections. These are standard methods of joining, in which all structural parameters, materials, manufacturing accuracy and operating conditions, as well as assembly are fully determined by state standards.

The considered keyed and splined connections are intended for the transmission of torque from the shaft to the part mounted on it (pulley, gear wheel, etc.) and vice versa. The advantages of key joints are their simplicity and reliability in operation, but they weaken the shafts and the hub with key grooves and cause stress concentration. Compared to splined joints, spline joints have a greater load capacity, better center the part on the shaft and give a lower stress concentration, which increases the fatigue strength of the shafts, but they are more difficult to manufacture.
CREATION OF ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE TECHNOLOGIES OF DIAMOND GRINDING OF PRODUCTS FROM HEAVILY PROCESSED MATERIALS
Authors: Nоvikоv Fеdir Vаsilivyth , Nоvikоv Grigoriy Vаsilivyth
Published: November 2023

The paper shows that the most effective diamond grinding technology for improving the ecology and culture of production is grinding with diamond wheels on high-strength metal bonds using their electro-erosion dressing to restore cutting properties and improve the quality and productivity of processing. This technology makes it possible to exclude the use of harmful electrolytes from the technological process of straightening a diamond wheel. Therefore, practical recommendations have been developed in the work on the creation of environmentally friendly and safe for health working technologies for grinding with diamond-abrasive tools (diamond wheels) on metal bonds based on the use of electroerosive dressing. Products made from various metal and non-metal hard-to-cut materials are processed, including grinding products made of hard alloys with welded high-strength materials, cutting high-hard rocks, cutting edges on the surfaces of crystal products, cutting natural diamonds into diamonds, processing products from hard-to-cut ceramics and ferrites etc. As a result of the practical application of these technologies, it became possible to produce environmentally friendly and safe for the life of workers mechanical processing by grinding products from materials of high hardness at industrial enterprises of Ukraine with high quality and productivity.
Analysis of the influence of service life on the value of oil indicators in 330 kV autotransformers
Authors: Ponomarenko Serhii
Published: November 2023

The results of two-factor crossed dispersion analysis of the influence of duration and operating conditions on the values of transformer oils in the tanks of 330 kV autotransformers are presented. On the basis of analysis of known mathematical models of oxidation processes of transformer oils on the basis of oxygen absorption, it was concluded that there is a significant influence of oxidation duration on the amount of absorbed oxygen, and, consequently, on the values of indicators of oils. To verify the conclusions made, the results of periodic tests of transformer oils condition for 49 autotransformers of 330 kV voltage were used. The total volume of the analysed sample amounted to 3654 values for 6 indicators of oils. Before the direct performance of the analysis, the initial data array was subjected to two-stage statistical processing, the purpose of which was to remove stationary and distorted by the sign of the angular coefficient of the regression model time series of oil indicators, with the subsequent formation of data arrays with a close rate of drift of indicators in time. The solution of the problem of the first stage was carried out on the basis of testing the statistical hypothesis of equality to zero of the angular coefficient of the linear regression of the oil indicator on the duration of operation. To solve the problem of the second stage, the criterion of maximum correlation ratio was used, which allowed to form data arrays with a close rate of drift of indicators in time, in conditions of either complete or partial absence of a priori information about the modes of operation of equipment of electric networks. Since for many indicators the presence of areas of intersection between the values of different data sets was revealed, along with testing the hypothesis about the influence of the duration of operation on the values of oil indicators, the hypothesis about the significance of differences between the values of indicators from different data sets was tested. For this purpose the model of two-factor crossed variance analysis was used. According to the results of the analysis it was found that there was a significant influence of the duration of operation on the values of oil indicators. In addition, significant differences between the values of indicators from different data sets, as well as non-additivity of the effects of changing the levels of factors, that is the effect of changing the level of exposure to one factor leads to a change in the effect of the level of exposure to another factor. The obtained results allow us to develop models for early diagnosis of transformer oil condition using variation boundaries of indicators, as well as to predict and manage the residual life of transformer oil.
METHODS AND MEANS OF DIAGNOSING PUMPS AND HYDRAULIC MOTORS BY EFFICIENCY
Authors: Fatyeyev Oleksandr , Fatieieva Nadiia , Poliakov Valerii
Published: November 2023

To determine the technical condition of the elements of hydraulic drives during exploitation, it is proposed to choose a control method that provides an effective assessment at the lowest cost and allows you to determine those parameters, the change of which during exploitation leads to maximum losses. In addition, the selected parameters should allow to control the technical condition of the hydraulic drive elements without removing them from the machine and without disassembly. These requirements, first of all, corresponds to the control of the technical condition of the hydraulic drive by the coefficient of efficiency. The definition of total losses, hydromechanical losses and volumetric losses is considered. It is shown that it is possible to determine both the total energy efficiency and the hydromechanical efficiency, to estimate the losses by the specified equations, taking into account the effect of compressibility of the working fluid. To determine the real parameters of hydraulic systems and to assess the actual performance of the efficiency, a set of diagnostic tools for hydraulic systems developed by the Department of Hydraulic Machines named after academician G. F. Proskura was used, with which the measured parameters can be recorded on an internal memory card or transmitted via wireless Bluetooth to a personal computer PC or Android device (smartphone, tablet) for further processing. A scheme for testing pumps with open and closed circuits, as well as a scheme for testing hydraulic motors is given. These schemes indicate on which positions this set can be used. The given theoretical dependences, together with the processed data, and obtained with the help of the developed set of diagnostic tools, allow to determine and build the real characteristics of the units, taking into account the power loss, which can vary depending on the pressure level, fluid temperature and the amount of air dissolved in the liquid.
HYDRO TURBINE SPEED CONTROL SYSTEM
Authors: Hasiuk Oleksandr
Published: November 2023

The article presents a mathematical model of an hydro turbine speed control system. In the world and domestic practice of creating hydraulic turbine equipment, there is a clear tendency to create computer-based rotor speed control systems for hydraulic turbines. Computer systems provide an opportunity to implement the introduction of effective algorithms using software that improve the static and dynamic characteristics of the system. This in turn increases the importance of mathematical modeling both at the design stage and during commissioning. The analysis of the performed works devoted to the mathematical description of the elements of the hydraulic drive of the regulator showed that they are reduced to linearized equations without taking into account a number of important factors that will increase the accuracy of the mathematical model. Improvement of static and dynamic characteristics and the system as a whole can be achieved by solving the scientific problem of studying its dynamics based on the development of a more complete mathematical model. To reduce friction and hysteresis, to prevent obliteration, the electrohydraulic converter plunger in the lower part is equipped with a segner wheel. Improving the dynamic characteristics of hydraulic turbine speed controllers requires the development of nonlinear mathematical models with subsequent analysis of transients in the hydraulic drive of the speed controller. Evaluation of the quality of transient processes and subsequent adjustment of parameters allows to achieve a reduction in the duration of transients, increase the speed and accuracy of positioning at small movements of the servo motor. A number of unaccounted factors during the preparation of the mathematical model of the electro-hydraulic converter makes it possible to increase its adequacy to the real object of study and increase the speed of the control system of the rotor speed of the hydraulic turbine.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOFTWARE SYSTEMS FOR HYDRAULIC TURBINE FLOW SIMULATION
Authors: Krupa Yevhenii , Demchuk Roman , Volobuiev Artem , Kis Serhii
Published: November 2023

A comprehensive review of modern software complexes used for calculating spatial flow in hydraulic turbine flow parts was conducted. The widely used software system, Ansys, was analyzed. An overview of Ansys was provided, including its history, popularity within the CFD community, key features, and capabilities for analyzing the flow parts of hydraulic turbines. The preprocessing tools, solver parameters, post-processing functions, and visualization capabilities of Ansys were described. The advantages and limitations of using Ansys for calculating spatial flow in hydraulic turbine flow parts were analyzed. The open-source CFD software complex, OpenFOAM, was discussed. The main functions and capabilities of the OpenFOAM program were described. Information about solver libraries, meshing capabilities, advantages, and limitations for analyzing hydraulic turbines was presented, along with insights into the support from the scientific community and resources available to OpenFOAM users. SolidWorks FlowSimulation, which integrates with SolidWorks software, was examined. The unique features of SolidWorks FlowSimulation for analyzing spatial flow in hydraulic turbines were highlighted. The possibilities of CAD integration and the advantages of accurate geometric models were discussed. The capabilities of parametric analysis were explored, and the advantages and limitations of using SolidWorks FlowSimulation for calculating spatial flow in hydraulic turbine flow parts were analyzed. A comparison of the three software complexes was conducted based on their capabilities, ease of use, accuracy, computational resources required, and cost. An assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of each program was provided, along with recommendations for choosing the most suitable program based on specific use cases, objectives, and user requirements. This article serves as a valuable resource for engineers, designers, and researchers seeking insights into the available software systems for analyzing hydraulic turbine flow parts. It enables them to make informed decisions in selecting the most suitable software system based on their specific requirements, ultimately contributing to the optimization of hydraulic turbine performance and efficiency.
CHARACTERISTICS OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP FOR PUMPING BINGHAM LIQUID WITH DIFFERENT VALUES OF YIELD STRESSES
Authors: Rogovyi Andrii , Shudryk Oleksandr , Lukianets Serhiy , Neskorozhenyi Artem , Lebedynets Denys
Published: November 2023

General techniques for designing centrifugal pumps are based on calculation features and experimental data on water pumping. On the other hand, pumping non-Newtonian liquids, and Bingham liquids in particular, can change the position of the best efficiency points and change the characteristics. The use of numerical methods allows not only to speed up the search for optimal flow parts, but also to check the possibility of pump operation under extreme operating parameters with different viscosities of a non-Newtonian liquid: from zero viscosity (ideal liquid) to extremely high values, and to create more universal design methods pumps of various types. General techniques for designing centrifugal pumps for pumping non- Newtonian fluids involve adjusting the characteristic depending on the effective viscosity, which for Bingham fluid is calculated from the plastic viscosity. The paper determines the influence of the values of the yield stresses of the Bingham fluid on the characteristics of the centrifugal pump by solving the Reynolds equations, continuity, the turbulence model and the rheological model of the Bingham fluid. It was found that with the same flow rate, the pressure at the pump outlet decreases by no more than 5,1 %. There is a slight shift in the characteristic to the zone of lower flow rate. Thus, the yield stresses have practically no effect on the pressure characteristic of the centrifugal pump. The yield stresses have a sufficient influence on the pump efficiency that they must be considered during the design of the flow part. The efficiency decreases by 10 % when pumping liquid with yield stresses of 100 Pa. A decrease in the efficiency of the pump may be related to the kinematic parameters of the pump and the result of a decrease in pressure distribution on the blade.
Positive Internet use and online civic engagement versus active involvement in selected online risks – how are both connected in adolescents from six European countries?
Authors: Pyżalski Jacek
Published: November 2023

Usage of the Internet by young people has been historically analyzed through two main paradigms: the paradigm of risk, where the Internet has been viewed at large as a factor that endangers young people development; and the paradigm of opportunities, showing the Internet as a potentially positive factor supporting individual and social development. Those two dichotomous approaches are nowadays dismissed and replaced by more nuanced and holistic approach to online engagement of young generation. The article attempts to show critical relationships between engagement of young people in positive versus risk online behaviors. It uses the data from the second wave of large sample taking part in a longitudinal study on online skills in ySkills Horizon research project. The study uses Wave 2. convenient sample (N = 7,107) from six countries (Estonia, Finland, Germany, Italy, Poland, Portugal) aged 12-19 years (M = 15.37, SD = 1.36). The results generally show that three selected online risk behaviors (intended viewing cyberhate, intended viewing online harmful content, and incorrect health decisions based on information viewed online) are co-occurring with the level of online civic engagement and the number of online activities. It shows that positive online involvement not clearly protect young people from involvement in serious online risks. From practical perspective, this study results provide useful insights to the methodology of media education, particularly in terms of online risks prevention measures that should also include content concerning online opportunities.
On Islamic Concept of Man and Justice in Pancasila
Authors: Al Hakim Muhammad Hanif , Muhammad Maricar Hudzaifah
Published: November 2023

The issue of being just and justice became one of the hot topics discussed by scholars in the mid-twentieth century, following the independence of the colonized countries. Indonesia, the largest country with Muslim majority that declared independence at that time, dreamed of a just, civilized humanity that would lead to a affluent and prosperous country. This hope is contained in the second and fifth precepts of the Pancasila. After seven decades of independence, the gap between lofty ideals and reality on the ground has widened. This article discusses the word justice in precepts II and justice in precepts V from an Islamic point of view. By using the theory of justice put forward by Islamic scholars, this study explores the relationship between just and civilized humans and social justice in the life of the state in Indonesia. This research is a library research using descriptive analytic method. This research shows that a just human being is someone whose nātiqah soul controls his hayawaniyah soul. Humans with this character then become the agent to realize social justice.
Gut microbiota dysbiosis is associated with altered tryptophan metabolism and dysregulated inflammatory response in severe COVID-19
Authors: Opitz Bastian , Essex Morgan , Pascual-Leone Belen Millet , Loeber Ulrike , Kuhring Matthias , Zhang Bowen , Bruening Ulrike , Fritsche-Guenther Raphaela , Krzanowski Marta , Vernengo Facundo Fiocca , Brumhard Sophia , Röwekamp Ivo , Bielecka Agata , Lesker Till , Wyler Emanuel , Landthaler Markus , Mantei Andrej , Meisel Christian , Caesar Sandra , Thibeault Charlotte , Corman Victor , Marko Lajos , Suttorp Norbert , Strowig Till , Kurth Florian , Sander Leif , Li Yang , Kirwan Jennifer , Forslund Sofia
Published: November 2023

The clinical course of COVID-19 is variable and often unpredictable. To test the hypothesis that disease progression and inflammatory responses associate with alterations in the microbiome and metabolome, we analyzed metagenome, metabolome, cytokine, and transcriptome profiles of repeated samples from hospitalized COVID-19 patients and uninfected controls, and leveraged clinical information and post-hoc confounder analysis. Severe COVID-19 was associated with a depletion of beneficial intestinal microbes, whereas oropharyngeal microbiota disturbance was mainly linked to antibiotic use. COVID-19 severity was also associated with enhanced plasma concentrations of kynurenine and reduced levels of several other tryptophan metabolites, lysophosphatidylcholines, and secondary bile acids. Moreover, reduced concentrations of various tryptophan metabolites were associated with depletion of Faecalibacterium, and tryptophan decrease and kynurenine increase were linked to enhanced production of inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, our study identifies correlated microbiome and metabolome alterations as a potential contributor to inflammatory dysregulation in severe COVID-19.
Heavy metal and metalloids concentration and mobility in soil leaching into a basin impacted by 500 years of mining in central Mexico: Column experiments and geochemical modeling
Authors: Rueda-Garzón Luisa Fernanda , Carrillo-Chavez Alejandro , Miranda-Avilés Raúl , Puy-Alquiza Maria Jesús , Zanor Gabriela , Ramirez-Ramirez Margarita , Muñoz-Torres Carolina , Kshirsagar Pooja , Li Yammei , Liao Xu
Published: November 2023

The Guanajuato mining district has had mining operations for over 500 years. This mining district is one of the most important Ag-Au producers in Mexico and is among the largest deposits in the world. The natural enrichment of heavy metals and metalloids (HM&Ms) in the Guanajuato River basin (GRB), and the different mineral recovery methods used over time have caused relatively high concentrations in stream sediments and soil, posing a potential risk to the environment. This study conducted column experiments to evaluate the potential of HM&Ms leaching from the soil into the groundwater upstream of GRB. The column experiment results were modeled (inverse modeling) in PHREEQC in order to analyze the soilwater interaction. Inverse modeling determined that pH, redox conditions, mineralogy phases, and cation exchange control the mobility of HM&Ms. Soils in GRB have the potential to release Zn > Cu > Pb > Ni in low concentrations (<1mg/L) due to the stability of mineral phases and alkaline pH. However, soil leachates can precipitate clays and oxyhydroxides, which, at alkaline pH, increase their retention capacity, controlling the leachability of HM&Ms. Clay minerals present the major phases in the leaching processes, followed by carbonates and sulfides. This research demonstrated that mineralogy is the main factor influencing the availability of HM&Ms in the groundwater of the Guanajuato River Basin.
A deep red pigment from Bronze age Iran: searching for the earliest lip-paint
Authors: Eskandari Nasir , De Carlo Eugenio , Zorzi Federico , Dall'Acqua Stefano , Furlan Claudio , Artioli Gilberto , Vidale Massimo
Published: November 2023

A small chlorite vial, discovered among numerous artifacts looted and recovered in the Jiroft region of Kerman province, southeastern Iran, contains a deep red cosmetic preparation that is likely a lip-coloring paint or paste. Through analytical research involving XRD (X-ray diffraction), SEM-EDS (scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive spectroscopy), and HPLC-MS (high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) analyses, the mineral components of the reddish substance were identified as hematite, darkened with manganite and braunite, and traces of galena and anglesite, mixed with vegetal waxes and other organic substances. The mixture, thus observed, bears a striking resemblance to the recipes of contemporary lipsticks. We also report the first radiocarbon date ever obtained from a Bronze age cosmetic in the ancient Near East: results place the pigment in the early 2nd millennium BCE, a date compatible with several mentions of the powerful eastern-iranian civilization of Marḫaši in coeval cuneiform texts of Mesopotamia, as well as with its currently emerging archaeological picture.
Baculovirus Expression of Feline Panleukopenia Virus Capsid Protein and Induces Robust Immune Responses in Cats
Authors: Feng Erkai , Yan Manping , Shang Jingyuan , Zhang Xiaohao , Cao Zhigang , Liu Wei , Luo Guoliang , Wang Chunxia , Wang Zhenjun , Cheng Shipeng , Cheng Yueling
Published: November 2023

Background
Feline panleukopenia (FP) is a highly contagious, often fatal viral disease that suffered by almost all members of the family Felidae. Feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV) is the major etiological pathogen of FP, which is a single-stranded, non-enveloped DNA virus. The VP2 protein is the major protective antigen of FPLV and be considered as a promising candidate for developing a novel subunit vaccine to immunoprophylaxis of FP.
Results
FPLV-VLPs was created by expressing VP2 protein in a baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS), and it showed higher antigenicity and higher hemagglutination (up to 1:214). Cats vaccinated with the FPLV-VLP vaccine produced a higher level of anti-FPLV HI antibodies (1:216) and were 100% protected from challenge with virulent FPLV.
Methods
In this study, the gene encoding FPLV VP2 (GenBank OP491797) was codon optimized and obtained by gene splicing by overlap extension PCR(SOE PCR). Then, the optimized VP2 sequence was ligated to the pFastBac-I vector through homologous recombination technology. Finally, VP2 protein was expressed in a baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) and it self-assemble into virus-like particles after treated with 100 mM NaHCO3 solution.
Conclusion
In summary, FPLV-VLPs with higer antigenicity and higher hemagglutination (up to 1:214), was created by expressing VP2 protein in a baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS). Then, a novel a novel pet vaccine against FP with a higher effectiveness and safety profile was developed in this study. Cats vaccinated with the FPLV-VLP vaccine produced a higher level of anti-FPLV HI antibodies (1:216) and were 100% protected from challenge with virulent FPLV. In subsequent applications, the FPLV-VLP vaccine can be used as a single vaccine or in combination with other vaccines to vaccinate cats for immunoprophylaxis against FPs.
Three Dimensional Long-Wave Instability of an Evaporation/Condensation Film
Authors: Jiang Weiyang , Huang Ruiqi , Yang Qiang , Ding Zijing
Published: November 2023

This paper explores the stability and dynamics of a three-dimensional evaporating/condensing film while falling down a heated/cooled incline. Instead of using the Hertz-Knudsen-Langmuir relation, a more comprehensive phase change boundary condition is employed. A non-linear differential equation is derived based on the Benny-type equation, which takes into account gravity, energy transport, vapor recoil, effective pressure, and evaporation. The impact of effective pressure and vapor recoil on instability is studied using a linear stability analysis. The results show that spanwise perturbations can amplify the destabilizing effects of vapor recoil, leading to instability. Energy transport along the interface has almost no effect on the stability of the system, but it does influence the linear wave speed. Nonlinear evolution demonstrates that, in contrast to the vapor recoil effect, effective pressure can improve stability and delay film rupture. The self-similar solution demonstrates that the minimal film thickness decreases as (tr-t)1/2 and (tr-t)1/3 under the dominance of evaporation and vapor recoil, respectively.
Monoexponential, biexponential, stretched exponential and diffusion kurtosis models of diffusion-weighted imaging: A quantitative differentiation of solitary pulmonary lesion
Authors: Wang Ke , Wu Guangyao
Published: November 2023

Objective
Quantitative comparison of monoexponential, biexponential, and stretched exponential diffusion-weighted MR imaging and diffusion kurtosis MR imaging in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant solitary pulmonary lesions (SPL).
Method
Forty-four SPL subjects were selected according to the inclusion criteria, and multi b-value DWI data were collected. Monoexponential DWI and DKI model were fitted using least square method. Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear fitting biexponential and stretched exponential DWI. Region of interests (ROIs) were described manually. Parameters between benign and malignant SPLs were compared using independent sample t test or the Mann-Whitney U test. Correlation between all parameters were evaluated by using Spearman correlation.
Result
ADC, ADCslow, α, DDC and Dapp values were significantly lower in malignant SPL than in benign SPL (P < 0.001). Kapp was significantly higher in malignant SPL than in benign SPL (P < 0.001). No differences were found between the parameters ADCfast and f which reflect perfusion. Among all subjects, ADCslow was significantly lower than ADC (P < 0.05), while DDC and Dapp were significantly higher than ADC (P < 0.05). When observing the working characteristic curves of subjects for distinguishing benign and malignant SPL, the AUC values of ADC, ADCslow, DDC, Dapp, and Kapp were 0.904, 0.815, 0.942, 0.93, and 0.815, respectively. The DDC value has the maximum area under the curve. DeLong analysis showed no statistically significant difference in the area under ADC, DDC, and Dapp curves. There were strong correlations among ADC, ADCslow, ADCfast, f, α，DDC, Dapp, and Kapp (P<0.001).
Conclusion
Compared with traditional diffusion parameters, the DWI extended model does not showed significant advantages, but α And Kapp could provide additional information for the differentiation of benign and malignant SPL, which may help improve treatment strategies and prognosis.
Comparison of patellar height ratio between different knee flexion angles in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome
Authors: Apivatgaroon Adinun , Jongtaweesathapon Charnchai , Sirisopikun Veerapat , Chernchujit Bancha , Sanguanjit Prakasit
Published: November 2023

Patellofemoral height is a measurement to determine the abnormality of the patellofemoral joint. This study aims to find the appropriate knee flexion angle and patella height ratio in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) and assess inter- and intra-rater reliability. 27 patellofemoral pain syndrome patients (36 knees) with a sex distribution of 5 males and 22 females, averaging 38.78 ± 11.71 years of age. Lateral knee flexion angles at 0, 30, and 60 degrees were measured in the lateral decubitus position to calculate the patellar height ratio. All parameters (Insall‒Salvati, Modified Insall‒Salvati, Caton-Deschamps, Blackburne-Peel, and knee flexion angle) were significantly higher at 0 degrees than at 30 and 60 degrees of knee flexion. The Caton-Deschamps ratio was also significantly higher at 30 degrees than at 60 degrees of knee flexion. However, all of the patellar height ratios that were significant were not clinically significant. The inter- and intrarater reliability of the patellar height ratios were moderate to good (ICC = 0.506–0.889, 0.667–0.888 as ordered).
Prevalence of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Genotypes among Young Women in Puerto Rico; a retrospective longitudinal study
Authors: García Yaritza León , Ruiz Lynnette A. , Calo William A. , Vadaparampil Susan T. , Mendoza Adalberto , Cintrón Rosa Vélez
Published: November 2023

Background: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection. High-risk HPV types are the main cause of cervical cancer. Annually, cervical cancer is among the top 10 cancers in Puerto Rican women, with 22% of these cases ending in death. The purpose of this study was to establish the prevalence of high-risk HPV genotypes in a large cohort of young women living in Puerto Rico.
Methods: A retrospective longitudinal analysis was performed with a sample of 5,749 HPV results obtained from a clinical database of women ages 21 to 29 from 2014-2016.
Results: Outcomes indicate that among those with a positive HPV result, about one-third (35.2%) had a high-risk HPV infection. Women between the ages of 21 to 23 showed the highest prevalence (40.6%) of high-risk HPV. Among genotypes HPV 16 and 18, genotype 16 was the most prevalent. Interestingly, 85.4% of results were positive for other high-risk HPV types other than 16 or 18. Of the 458 women who had at least two tests completed, 217 had an initial positive result for HPV and only 108 (49.7%) resolved the infection.
Conclusions: This study confirms the high prevalence of several genotypes of high-risk HPV in young women in a large Puerto Rican sample.