bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UV Spectrophotometric Method Development and Validation of Esomeprazole in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
Authors: Gowtham Reddy Cheruku  , Sai Laasya Mithinti  , Purushotham Saidu
Published: September 2021

The work discusses method development and validation. An uncomplicated, accurate, and straightforward method was developed for the drug Esomeprazole in bulk as well as Pharmaceutical dosage form. NaOH was used as the solvent. The maximum wavelength (ʎ max) for Esomeprazole was found to be 305nm. The validation was performed as per International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines for Accuracy linearity, precision, Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantification (LOQ). Esomeprazole's recovery percentage (%) was 100.20%, respectively. Linearity for Esomeprazole was observed between 5-25µg/ml, respectively. Regression equation y=0.0407x-0.0122, regression coefficient (r²) is 0.9963 for Esomeprazole. Inter day and intraday precision were checked, % relative standard deviation values were less than 2. The regression equations were used to derive the Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantification (LOQ) values. LOD value was found to be 0.734 µg/mL and LOQ value was 2.224 µg/mL for Esomeprazole. The assay of the marketed formulation was performed, which was between 98-102%.  So the method developed was simple and economical that can be adopted for routine tests.
Influenza surveillance in the Islamic Republic of Iran from 1991 to 2001
Authors: Azad T. Mokhtari , Mohammadi H. , Moosavi A. , Saadatmand Z. , Nategh R.
Published: September 2021

Tobetter underst and the annual distribution of influenza virus in our country, we isolated and typed 45 viruses from 1043 patients with acute respiratory illnesses in a 10-year study conducted by the National Influenza Centre of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The seasonal distribution of influenza typically ran from November to April. Type A influenza was most common during the winters of 1991-92, 1997-98 and 2000-01 and type B influenza was most common during 1992-5 and 1996-97. Both type A and type B viruses circulated in 1995-96 and 1998-2000. A serological survey based on haemagglutination inhibition test confirmed our findings. The annual pattern of strains isolated was similar to the worldwide pattern during the same interval
Modeling the deployment of a two-link spoke of a large-sized space reflector taking into account the backlash
Authors: Mitin F. V. , Nikulin E. N.
Published: September 2021

This article discusses the process of deployment a two-link spoke of a large-sized transformable space-based reflector. In view of the high costs of carrying out field tests, the construction of correct mathematical models is an urgent task. Currently, the creation of large-sized systems is actively developing. Such systems consist of several interconnected links. When delivered to a given orbit, the large-sized system is folded for placement in the launch vehicle. After entering the orbit, it is deployed to the specified operating state. A mathematical model has been developed for the deployment of the spoke, improved in terms of taking into account the separation of parameters depending on the length and time, which makes it possible to study the arising vibrations of the structure. It is important to take into account the backlash in the connections. Even small gaps in the spoke link connections can lead to a manifold increase in the stabilization time of the system. The developed mathematical model makes it possible to consider various conditions for linking links, change the mass-dimensional parameters and materials of the spoke. The results of modeling are presented, showing the correctness of mathematical models. Conclusions are made about the admissibility of using mathematical models for spokes consisting of a larger number of links.
El límite de disfagia como prueba electromiográfica de detección del trastorno de deglución
Authors: Castellar Leones Sandra Milena , Valenzuela Cortés Ricardo , Ortiz Corredor Fernando , Diaz Ruiz Jorge Arturo
Published: September 2021

Objetivo. Determinar la utilidad de la prueba electromiográfica conocida como ‘límite de disfagia’ en una cohorte de individuos con trastorno de deglución.
Materiales y métodos. Se evaluaron 32 individuos sanos y 32 individuos con trastorno de deglución detectado mediante el cuestionario autosuministrado EAT-10 (Eating Assessment Tool-10), versión traducida y validada al español para Colombia. A todos los individuos se les aplicó la prueba límite de disfagia como método cuantitativo y no invasivo para evaluar la deglución mediante electromiografía de superficie con electrodos ubicados en el músculo submentalis y en el espacio cricotiroideo, utilizando un equipo de dos canales Cadwell Summit Sierra®. Se suministró agua cuyo volumen aumentó gradualmente: 5, 10, 15, 20 y 25 ml. Todos los sujetos fueron instruidos para deglutir el volumen total suministrado en un solo trago. Se determinó el número de pasos o bursts que requirió el individuo para ingerir todo el volumen de líquido. Los resultados de la prueba límite de disfagia se compararon entre los grupos. Se estableció correlación entre el EAT-10 y la prueba límite de disfagia. Se calculó la exactitud diagnóstica de la prueba límite de disfagia en cuanto sensibilidad, especificidad, valores predictivos, proporción de falsos positivos y fasos negativos.
Resultados. Se encontró una buena exactitud diagnóstica de la prueba límite de disfagia para detectar trastorno de deglución. Se constató una correlación significativa entre el puntaje de la escala EAT-10 y el resultado de la prueba electrofisiológica límite de disfagia.
Conclusión. Este estudio muestra que la prueba límite de disfagia tiene un buen rendimiento diagnóstico para detectar trastorno de deglución.
A Igreja católica diante do pluralismo religioso no Brasil
Authors: Miranda Mário de França
Published: September 2021

Querer avaliar a atual situação da Igreja Católica em nosso país do ponto de vista teológico pode significar uma pluralidade de estudos, realizados à luz da Palavra de Deus, que procurem analisar o impacto do novo contexto religioso nas várias dimensões desta instituição. Assim poder-se-ia refletir expressamente sobre as consequências do mesmo para algum ponto da doutrina católica, ou para a própria estrutura hierárquica da Igreja. Aqui caberia ainda um estudo sobre a especificidade de sua ética ou de sua liturgia frente às outras crenças. Igualmente teria lugar uma caracterização teológica do catolicismo ou de sua dimensão sacramental, em meio às múltiplas denominações cristãs e não-cristãs. Tendo que optar por uma perspectiva, escolhemos aquela que nos parece a mais fundamental e que, de algum modo, implica todas as outras....
Childhood vaccine uptake in Africa: threats, challenges, and opportunities
Authors: Mbonigaba Edward , Nderu David , Chen Simiao , Denkinger C. , Geldsetzer P. , McMahon S. , Bärnighausen Till
Published: September 2021

Childhood vaccination is a highly effective public health intervention for reducing childhood mortality and morbidity. This review discusses the factors that have been shown to influence vaccination uptake in Africa. African countries should develop effective strategies to address failures and challenges faced with vaccination uptake and hesitancy for it to achieve high vaccination coverage and reduction of vaccine preventable diseases.This is particularly important because of the likely short-term decline in foreign aid due to the economic recession arising from the prevailing coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
Monitoring of Deep-Seated Landslides at Karaoğlan Catchment Using Radar Interferometry Techniques (Mersin, Turkey)
Authors: KÜÇÜKÖNDER Muhterem , ÇAN Tolga
Published: September 2021

Landslide inventory mapping studies around Mersin and Erdemli regions of southern Turkey revealed that numerous old large-scale and recent small-scale landslides were presumably aroused in different time intervals. While the recent active landslides have been mostly triggered by excessive rainfall, old landslides are considered to be occurred by geomorphologic valley incision processes besides the other preparatory environmental conditions. The evaluation of the spatial distribution of old landslides present retrogressive, deep-seated with complex and rotational slides in the ophiolites and ophiolitic melange units comprising also overlying reefal limestones. In this study, surface deformations caused by landslides were evaluated using radar interferometry techniques for a specified period in Karaoglan catchment. Landslide related deformations were detected over radar images of L-band ALOS-PALSAR sensor for the years between 2007 and 2011. Landslides which are active are investigated in detail cross-sections. The mean displacement from differential interferogram cross-sections was measured 3.5 cm in LOS direction. Differential SAR interferometry for studied period depicts that the average rate of movement for the entire area is extremely slow with a rate of 10 mm/yr.
Oily sludge degrading potentials of single and consortium of autochthonous bacterial species
Authors: Nsikak A. Abraham  , Lucky O. Odokuma  , Gideon C. Okpokwasili
Published: September 2021

Oily sludge (OS) degrading potentials of single and consortium autochthonous bacterial population was carried out using standard analytical procedures. Three autochthonous bacterial species; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cibi and Bacillus subtilis were associated with the OS. The isolates exhibited varying OS utilizing and biosurfactant producing potentials. P. aeruginosa was the best OS utilizer while B. subtilis was the best biosurfactant producer (emulsification index of 15.6%). Degradation of the OS with single culture of the best OS utilizer (P. aeruginosa) and consortium of the best OS utilizer and best biosurfactant producer (B. subtilis) revealed that the consortium exhibited a remarkable potential to reduce the total petroleum concentration in the OS from 100.73 ppm to 41.39 ppm (58.91% degradation) as compared to 51.74 ppm (48.7% degradation) achieved by the single culture. The saturated fraction of the OS was the most susceptible to degradation followed by the aromatic faction while the NSO and asphaltene fraction were the least degraded. P. aeruginosa was able to reduce the saturated hydrocarbon content in the OS by 87.4% while a 95.5% reduction was recorded for the consortium. Similarly, the concentration of PAH in the OS was reduced from 27.94 ppm to 16.74 ppm by the single culture and 12.75 by the consortium. The potentials of these bacterial communities can be explored for broader use in remediating oily sludge contaminated soil as well as managing oily sludge waste in the oil and gas industry.
An exploration into the conceptual, factual and biblical significance of names
Authors: Felix. Chukwuma Aguboshim
Published: September 2021

Globally, works of literature have significantly revealed that everything that existed has a name. The name has significant importance in realizing the sustainable identity, purpose, performance, or destiny of what is named. Despite these laudable significances, numerous investigations have shown that the impact of these naming supposition, ideas, and explanations among the conceptual, factual, and biblical or covenant naming concepts are obscure. The King James Bible was adopted as the conceptual framework for this study because all things (including the significance of naming) are made and upheld by the word of God. The researcher explored a narrative review, analysis, and synthesis of vast works of literature that revealed significant information and insights on the symbolism, purpose, characteristics, importance, and significance of names, especially in Igbo, Nigeria, Africa. The researcher also extracted some documentaries from King James Bible, and peer-reviewed articles within the last five years from electronic databases, engaging some keywords like "Significance of naming in Africa”, “Covenant naming”, “purpose of naming”, etc. Results show that names are not mere tags for simple identification, but that names connect the name bearers to their hopes, calling, and destiny in life. Results also show that names have cultural and historical connections that can impact the significant personality of the person named, his sense of belonging in a community, and his hope for his glorious destiny, and place in the world at large. Results and insights from this study may have a positive social impact on naming, research and innovations on the significance of names.
Improvement of Teacher Pedagogical Competence through In House Training Activities
Authors: Fadil Akhmad , Aryani Ine Kusuma
Published: September 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of In House Training (IHT) in increasing teacher pedagogical competence. Pedagogic competence is one of the teacher competencies which have an important vital role in achieving student learning outcomes quality. If the teacher's pedagogical competence is low, it may affect the learning outcomes of students. One of the efforts is through activities to increase teacher pedagogical competence. One of the activities to increase teacher competence is through training. The most effective and efficient competencies improvement training model is In House Training (IHT). This training can accommodate teacher training needs with easy access. The type of data used is secondary data. The method used in this research is the literature study method. The data obtained were collected, analyzed, and concluded to get conclusions about the literature study. Based on the research results, literature studies from several research results and journal articles show that In House Training activities can improve teacher pedagogical competence.
Implementation of E-book based on 3D Pageflip Professional to Improve Conceptual Understanding of Science for Elementary School Students
Authors: FUDIN ARIF , PURWANDARI RISTIANA DYAH
Published: September 2021

This study aims to determine the benefits of using e-book teaching materials as an alternative to improve conceptual understanding of science for Elementary School students. Students who have an understanding will be able to explain again the lessons they have learned based on their understanding so that learning will be meaningful. The method in this research is the literature study method. The type of this data is secondary data. The method in this research is literature study method. The data obtained were collected, analyzed, and concluded to get conclusions about the literature study. Based on the research results, literature studies from several research results and journal articles show that the benefit of e-book can improve conceptual understanding of science for Elementary School students.
Hadith Scholars Personality Development Review: Relevance in the development of psychological behavior
Authors: Zainal Badri Khairul Nizam Bin
Published: September 2021

One of the definitions of personality involves character patterns that include feelings, thoughts and actions. Based on this definition it turns out that personality can not run away from the field of psychology. Personality traits are biological while personality values are environmental products influenced by culture, education and life. In the study of modern psychology, thought-based traits that are in the cognitive domain are higher than emotional traits in relation to values. In the tradition of Islamic science, there is a special traits, which is the yardstick of superior personality; that is, Al-‘Adalah or is called adil  (fairness). Related to the trait of adil is the trait of dhabit (strong memory). A qualitative study using this library approach seeks to trace the properties possessed by hadith scholars, who once inspired the West to apply those attributes in their intellectual work. Studies have found that these properties have unique characteristics because of their ability to integrate ontological, epistemological and axiological dimensions and also balance the role of cognitive and affective domains in human beings that direct human physiological and psychological behavior in a positive direction.
Evaluation of Ship Manoeuvres in Port by Using Fuzzy Fine Kinney Method
Authors: Çınar Ferdi , Solmaz Murat Selçuk , Çakmak Emre
Published: September 2021

Ports are the connection points between the sea and the land in the maritime industry, have an important role in world trade. Ports host many ships each day. The characteristics of the ships that can manoeuvre within the port limits are determined depending on the technical structure of the ports and the environmental conditions of the ports’ location. The characteristics of the ships such as their type, length, width, draft, and tonnage are important factors that determine the port’s limitations. If these restrictions are not followed, it is inevitable for marine accidents to happen within the port area, which can lead to severe consequences such as deaths and injuries, material damage, environmental pollution, and even disasters. Risk analysis studies are carried out in order to prevent possible accidents at the ports and to determine the perils that may occur. When the studies in this field are examined, it is determined that different risk analysis methods are utilized. By using these analysis methods, the dangers sourced from ship manoeuvring that may occur within the port limits are tried to be analysed.

The purpose of this study is to create a risk analysis model to be used in the ship manoeuvres and to determine which ships are suitable for manoeuvring in a port and under which environmental conditions ship can manoeuvre. Fuzzy Fine-Kinney method was chosen as the main risk analysis methodology for this study, which has not been used in the related literature. In the study, a full mission ship's bridge simulator was used in created scenarios by taking various environmental conditions into account and coming alongside manoeuvres were carried out by masters with a pre-determined ship on a pier at a port in Istanbul. After the end of each manoeuvre, surveys were filled out and assessments were made by masters that are considered experts in the maritime domain. According to results obtained from the risk analysis method applied in the study, it was determined which ships with which characteristics are suitable for manoeuvring and under which environmental conditions.
Practical comparation of the accuracy and speed of YOLO, SSD and Faster RCNN for drone detection
Authors: Alkentar Saad Mohammad , Alsahwa B. , Assalem A. , Karakolla D.
Published: September 2021

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have high performance in the fields of object recognition and classification. The strength of CNNs comes from the fact that they are able to extract information from raw-pixel content and learn features automatically. Feature extraction and classification algorithms can be either hand-crafted or Deep Learning (DL) based. DL detection approaches can be either two stages (region proposal approaches) detector or a single stage (non-region proposal approach) detector. Region proposal-based techniques include R-CNN, Fast RCNN, and Faster RCNN. Non-region proposal-based techniques include Single Shot Detector (SSD) and You Only Look Once (YOLO). We are going to compare the speed and accuracy of Faster RCNN, YOLO, and SSD for effective drone detection in various environments. We have found that both Faster RCNN and YOLO have high recognition ability compared to SSD; on the other hand, SSD has good detection ability.
Reuse of Glass waste as a partial replacement to fine aggregates in concrete
Authors: Kassed Ghadeer Jabbar , Ali Sura Kareem
Published: September 2021

As human societies grow, the problem of waste management becomes one of the pressing issues that need to be addressed. Recycling and reuse of waste are effective waste management measures that prevent pollution and conserve natural resources. In this study, the possibility of using glass waste as an alternative was used as a partial weight substitute for fine aggregates with replacement ratios of 10, 20, 30, and 40% by the weight, and formed into test models (15 cm * 15 cm ) cube and (15 cm * 30 cm) cylinder, then matured and tested their strength compression and tensile strength at the age of 7 and 28 days and compared with a reference or conventional concrete with a mixing ratio (1: 1.5: 3) as well as testing its workability on fresh concrete. The results showed the possibility of using crushed glass wastes in concrete as a good alternative to fine aggregates, up to 30%. The compressive strength and tensile strength results at this ratio were 92.6% and 80.86% at the age of 28 days, respectively.
Utilization of Iraqi Metakaolin in Special Types of Concrete: A Review Based on National Researches
Authors: Ahmed Mahmood Fawzi
Published: September 2021

Portland cement concrete is the most commonly used construction material in the world for decades. However, the searches in concrete technology are remaining growing to meet particular properties related to its strength, durability, and sustainability issue. Thus, several types of concrete have been developed to enhance concrete performance. Most of the modern concrete types have to contain supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) as a partial replacement of cement. These materials are either by-products of waste such as fly ash, slag, rice husk ash, and silica fume or from a geological resource like natural pozzolans and metakaolin (MK). Ideally, the utilization of SCMs will enhance the concrete performance, minimize environmental pollution and mitigate the drawbacks of cement production attributed to the highly CO2 emission. In general, MK's ultra-fineness and high pozzolanic activity are exhibited a remarkable performance of concrete in terms of strength and durability. However, the filler effect, acceleration of cement hydration, and the pozzolanic reaction with calcium hydroxide (CH) are the main factors influencing the performance of metakaolin as a cementitious material. Therefore, numerous researches have been undertaken on inclusion MK in concrete and mortar and production of (free-cement concrete) geopolymer concrete. This paper reviews some of previous native researches on effect of using Iraqi metakaolin as a pozzolanic material in different types of concrete. The standpoint of this review will guide the researchers on the importance of utilization of local MK and highlight the missing researches toward completing a comprehensive understanding of incorporation Iraqi-metakaolin in concrete technology.
Estimation of Surface Runoff to Bahr AL-Najaf
Authors: Farhan Ataa Ali , Abed Basim Sh.
Published: September 2021

The estimation of the amounts of Surface runoff resulting from rainfall in the water basins is of great importance in water resources management. The study area (Bahr Al-Najaf) is located on the western edge of the plateau and the southwestern part of the city center of Najaf, with an area of 2729.4 (km2). The soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) with ArcGIS software was used to simulate the runoff coming from the three main valleys (Kharr (A and B)), Shoaib Al-Rahimawi, and Maleh), that contribute the flow to the study area. The results of the model showed that the SWAT software was successfully simulating the flow conditions based on the coefficient of determination (R2), the Nash coefficient (NSE), P-factor, and R-factor for calibration (validation)  ranged between 0.59-0.62 (0.51-0.59), 0.59-0.66 (0,.60-0.62), 0.57-0.76 (0.62-0.76), and 0.58-0.74 (0.55-0.70) respectively for these valleys. Moreover, the sensitivity results revealed that the most sensitive parameters in (SWAT-CUP) SWAT calibration and uncertainty programs are the curve number (CN2) for the runoff, soil available water capacity (SOL_AWC), and Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Soil_k), according to the calibration results for the main three valleys related the study area. Three hypothesis scenarios were implemented according to the assumed amount of precipitation that would submit a water level of 16,18, and 22 (m.a.m.s.l.) which would result in filling with the bounded lake, the whole study area, and exceeding the boundaries to flood part of the ancient Najaf City.
Conceptualizing the Factor Structure of Parents’ Math Anxiety and Associations with Children’s Mathematics Skills
Authors: Cosso Jimena , Ellis Alexa , O'Rear Connor D. , Zippert Erica , Schmitt Sara , Purpura David J.
Published: September 2021

There is a growing literature examining the association between parents’ math anxiety and children’s mathematics skills. Previous research has considered parents’ math anxiety as a unidimensional construct that primarily focused on parents’ experiences doing mathematics themselves. However, this research did not account for parents’ experiences when doing mathematics with their children. Thus, there were two goals of the present study: 1) to identify the structure of parents’ math anxiety when considering context-dependent situations, and 2) to determine whether parent math anxiety was related to children’s early numeracy skills. We conducted a series of confirmatory factor analyses using a sample of 155 preschool children (M age = 4.20 years, SD = 0.71; 51% female). The best-fitting model of parents’ math anxiety was a bifactor model, suggesting parents’ math anxiety was best conceptualized as a multidimensional construct. However, structural equation models showed parent math anxiety was not a significant predictor of children’s numeracy performance. These findings provide a foundation for understanding parents’ math anxiety as multidimensional and raise questions about potential mechanisms that may explain prior work finding mixed relations between math anxiety and children’s numeracy performance.
Dam Break Simulation with HEC-RAS and OpenFOAM
Authors: Jia Darren
Published: September 2021

A dam break is a natural disaster that can cause significant property damage and loss of life. It's useful to identify potential flooding areas downstream in the event of a dam break. In this study both HEC-RAS and OpenFOAM are set up to simulate the inundation map downstream of the Dworshak dam in Idaho. Using the same topographical data from satellite observations, similar computational meshes are set up in both HEC-RAS and OpenFOAM. Where possible, identical or similar conditions are set up in HEC-RAS and OpenFOAM to model flooding patterns due to a dam break. The velocity of the water before reaching Ahsahka, the town located at the junction downstream from the dam, is 11.5% slower in HEC-RAS compared to OpenFOAM. The average velocity of water before reaching the end of the computational domain at Big Canyon Creek is about 20% slower in HEC-RAS compared to OpenFOAM. One notable discovery is that the water flow velocity in OpenFOAM appears to depend on the mesh resolution used in the simulation. A significant velocity difference is observed when water flows from one mesh refinement region to another mesh refinement region with a different resolution.
The effects of spatial frequency on the decoding of emotional facial expressions
Authors: Wylie Jordan , Tracy Ryan E , Young Steven
Published: September 2021

The accurate detection of emotion is critical to effectively navigating our social lives. However, it is not clear how distinct types of visual information afford the accurate perception of others’ emotion states. Here, we sought to examine the influence of different spatial frequency visual information on emotion categorization, and whether distinctive emotional dimensions (valence and arousal) are differentially influenced by specific spatial frequency content. Across one pilot and two experiments (N = 603), we tested whether emotional facial expressions that vary in valence, arousal, and motivational direction differ in accuracy of categorization as a function of low, intact, and high spatial frequency band information. Overall, we found a general decrease in the breadth of emotional expressions for filtered images but did not see a decrease in accuracy of categorization for the positive emotion, joy. Together, these results suggest that spatial frequency information influences perception of emotional expressions that differ in valence, arousal, and motivational direction.
Missing links: the functional unification of language and memory (L∪M)
Authors: Roger Elise , Banjac Sonja , Thiebaut Michel , Baciu Monica
Published: September 2021

The field of neurocognition is currently undergoing a significant change of perspective. Traditional neurocognitive models evolved into an integrative and dynamic vision of cognitive functioning. Dynamic integration assumes an interaction between cognitive domains traditionally considered to be distinct. Language and declarative memory are regarded as separate functions supported by different neural systems. However, they also share anatomical structures (notably, the inferior frontal gyrus, the supplementary motor area, the superior and middle temporal gyrus, and the hippocampal complex) and cognitive processes (such as semantic and working memory) that merge to endorse our quintessential daily lives. We propose a new model, "L∪M" (i.e., Language/union/Memory), that considers these two functions interactively. We fractionated language and declarative memory into three cognitive dimensions, Embodiment-Formulation-Internalization, that communicate reciprocally. We formalized their interactions at the brain level with a connectivity-based approach. This new taxonomy overcomes the modular view of cognitive functioning and reconciles functional specialization with plasticity in neurological disorders.
Electoral Systems And The Autocrat's Trade-Off: Evidence From The Russian Duma
Authors: Woller Anders
Published: September 2021

Legislative elections sustain authoritarian regimes. However, properties of any electoral system may simultaneously benefit and hurt regimes’ political prospects. We propose a trade-off between electoral systems facilitating parliamentary bargaining and electoral systems maintaining legislative control. While an electoral system can achieve either, it cannot solve both. We investigate this theory by studying Russian federal deputies, half of which are elected in a first-past-the-post single-member district, the other half on a nationwide closed-party list. Candidates can register on both lists, and district results determine final list affiliation. We exploit that electoral incentives change abruptly for deputies barely winning/losing the district, to identify effects of list affiliation on pro and anti-regime parliamentary behavior. Results support a trade-off: while district deputies bargain more for local amendments in parliamentary speeches, they also more often seek to obstruct legislation. How autocrats weigh this trade-off determines the electoral system, and illuminates electoral system reform in autocracies.
China and its Region: An Assessment of Hegemonic Prospects
Authors: Vucetic Srdjan
Published: September 2021

Will China’s rise lead to Chinese hegemony? Most International Relations scholars would answer in the negative, contending the road to a global hegemony remains well beyond Beijing’s capabilities. In Asia, however, China’s formidable economy, technological advancement, rapidly modernizing military forces, and geopolitical moves look outright hegemonic – a fact that United States attempts to “pivot” and “rebalance” to that region have put into sharp relief. To assess the prospects of a new regional hegemony, this paper considers the “economic,” “security” and “cultural” relations of eleven Asian states with both Beijing and Washington. The overall results induce skepticism about China’s ability to reorder its region. Although significant and growing, China’s network of “strategic partners” is minor compared to that centered on the United States. Sightings of an Asian Pax Sinica are at best premature.
AMONG FOUR HOTELS: ANTI-RACIST PUBLIC POLICY IN BRAZIL.
Authors: Custódio Sérgio José
Published: September 2021

The article explores analytical possibilities of the relationship between racism and anti-racism. It does so through occurrences of institutional racism in hotels and corresponding anti-racist actions. The approach is interdisciplinary, covering history, psychology, political sociology, literature, cinema. Is there a variation of racism over time? Is there a variation of anti-racism over time? What remains? Is there a relationship between racism and fascism in Brazil? In what way does this show up? Is there a relationship between anti-racism and public policy? The analysis seeks to reflect on these issues. The article argues that anti-racist action is fundamental for the emergence of public policy and for the fight against fascism, as racism structures fascism.
Reviewing Procedure vs. Judging Substance: How Increasing Bureaucratic Oversight Can Reduce Bureaucratic Accountability
Authors: Turner Ian R
Published: September 2021

How does the scope of review affect bureaucratic policymaking? To explore this question, I consider a policymaking environment in which an expert agency develops policy that is upheld or overturned by an overseer who may have different policy goals. The agency can affect the quality of implementation through effort investments in addition to choosing the substantive content of policy. Under procedural review the overseer only reviews the agency’s effort, which allows the agency to fully utilize its expertise. Substantive review also tasks the overseer with judging agencies’ substantive policy choices, which can lead the agency to disregard its superior information and obfuscate to avoid reversal. Depending on the policy environment, this dynamic can either benefit or harm the overseer. In some cases the overseer can be made better off by having less transparent review institutions; that is, institutions that direct the overseer to only review procedure and preclude judging substance.
Endodontic management of dens invaginatus of maxillary lateral incisor: A case report
Authors: Thapaliya Ranjan , Joshi Reema , Thapa Asha , Shrestha Reetu
Published: September 2021

Dens invaginatus is a developmental malformation of teeth with the enfolding of enamel and dentin into the pulp chamber and sometimes into the root that most commonly affects the maxillary lateral incisors. This anomaly may increase the risk of pulpal disease and can potentially complicate treatment due to its aberrant anatomy, thus posing a diagnostic challenge. Similarly, the incomplete elimination of the invagination and debridement may create dead space within the canal leading to the failures. This case reports the endodontic management of the Oehler’s type II Dens invaginatus.
High Temperature Cycling Behavior of Novel Thermal Barrier Coatings Deposited by High Enthalpy Plasma Torch
Authors: Musalek Radek , Tesar Tomas , Medricky Jan , Lima Rogerio S.
Published: September 2021

This study presents the results of thermal cycling experiments on thermal barrier coatings deposited using hybrid water/argon-stabilized plasma (WSP-H) torches. Topcoats produced from YSZ suspensions and powders were successfully prepared and evaluated by thermal fatigue testing. Quad-layer coatings with topcoats consisting of yttria stabilized zirconia, gadolinium zirconate, and yttrium aluminum garnet were also prepared and tested at high temperatures and thermal gradients. The results obtained show the potential of WSP-H technology for applications where protection of large components or deposition of thick coatings are required.
Ni-5wt% Al Coatings Deposited by Twin Wire Arc Spraying for Molten Aluminum Attack Protection
Authors: Brizuela-Colmenares Natalia , Muñoz-Saldaña Juan
Published: September 2021

Nickel-aluminum alloys are widely used in harsh environments due to their corrosion resistance, high melting temperature, and thermal conductivity. In this work, Ni-5wt%Al coatings were deposited by twin-wire arc spraying (TWAS) on tool steel using a design of experiments approach to study the effect of process parameters on coating microstructure and performance. Test results presented in the form of process maps show how N2 pressure, stand-off distance, and current affect in-flight particle velocity and temperature as well as coating thickness and oxide content. Using this information, optimized coatings were then deposited on test substrates and subjected, along with uncoated tool steel, to several hours of molten aluminum attack. The coated samples showed no signs of physical or chemical damage, whereas the uncoated substrates experienced oxidation, aluminum infiltration, and formation of Fe-Al intermetallics.
A new species of Itoplectis Förster from Mexico (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
Authors: Kasparyan D.R. , Niño S.
Published: September 2021

A new species of ichneumon-fly, Itoplectis mexicanus sp. n. of the tribe Pimplini, is described from Mexico, Tamaulipas. The new species is reared from a pupa of Coptocycla texana (Schaeffer) (Chrysomelidae: Cassinae) on Ehretia anacia (Teran & Berl.) (Boraginaceae).
ANÁLISE DA APLICAÇÃO DO SOFTWARE EDUCACIONAL: AVOGADRO COMO FERRAMENTA DIDÁTICA NO ENSINO DE QUÍMICA.
Authors: FERREIRA WELLINGTON DE SOUZA
Published: September 2021

A educação vem passando por diversas mudanças uma delas é a inserção de tecnologias educacionais em sala de aula, a informática proporciona muitos benefícios para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem, além de permitir que os professores possam desenvolver metodologias de ensino mais atraentes como o uso dessas novas tecnologias, tendo assim a oportunidade de fazer o uso de práticas de ensino que tenham grande potencial pedagógico, como o uso de softwares educacionais. O projeto foi desenvolvido por meio da pesquisa exploratória,  a coleta de dados foi realizada em 3 etapas e todos os questionários aplicados foram formulados através do Google Forms, que é uma ferramenta onde pode-se criar formulários e questionários diversos, os sujeitos que participaram da pesquisa foram 11 professores e 3 estudantes ambos da rede pública de ensino, na primeira etapa,  foi realizado um questionário com os professores com o total de 6 perguntas abertas e fechadas, online, utilizando o Google Forms, a segunda etapa,  se consistiu em identificar quais as percepções dos estudantes acerca da aprendizagem de geometria molecular e na terceira e ultima etapa, analisamos a aplicação do software Avogadro como ferramenta didática no ensino de química na visão do estudantes. Por fim consideramos então que a proposta de utilização do software Avogadro para construção de moléculas com informações como polaridade, nuvem eletrônica, estrutura geométrica em 3D, é de fato um fator que poderá contribuir para que os estudantes do ensino médio através da tecnologia, tenham mais autonomia na construção do conhecimento em Geomtria molecular.
CONHECIMENTOS, PERCEPÇÕES E METODOLOGIAS DE ENSINO DE DOCENTES DA REDE PÚBLICA DE URUÇUÍ (PI) RELACIONADOS AO ENSINO DE GENÉTICA NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA
Authors: Castro Karoene Da Silva , Maia Luís Henrique Ferreira , Castro Ícaro Fillipe De Araujo
Published: September 2021

Diante da constante veiculação de tópicos que envolvem a Biologia nas mídias sociais e em outros segmentos, buscou-se conhecer a realidade de professores de escolas públicas de Uruçuí-PI relacionada à disciplina genética. Para coleta de dados, foi utilizado um questionário eletrônico, utilizando-se a plataforma Google Forms e Whatsapp® para distribuição entre os respondentes. A análise de dados constituiu-se de abordagem descritiva das variáveis analisadas, em termos de frequências relativas e número de citações. Ao total, 10 professores(as) participaram da pesquisa, dentre estes, 60% são do sexo feminino e 40% do sexo masculino. Todos os participantes já ministraram conteúdos de genética na educação básica, no entanto, só 50% possui formação na área. No que diz respeito à formação docente, 40% dos participantes responderam que a disciplina foi bem trabalhada, 10% relataram que não aprenderam o suficiente e os 50% restantes afirmaram que o conteúdo foi trabalhado de forma inadequada. Quando questionados se gostavam de ministrar os conteúdos de genética, 80% afirmaram que era a área que mais gostavam na Biologia, enquanto 10% constatou não achar ruim e os 10% remanescentes afirmaram que é um dos conteúdos que menos gostam de trabalhar. Com relação às dificuldades que encontram no ensino de genética, 80% responderam sentir pouca dificuldade ou nenhuma dificuldade em ministrar o conteúdo, enquanto 20% possuem muita dificuldade. Diante dos dados coletados, foi possível observar que a alta taxa percentual na formação específica dos discentes pode influenciar diretamente nas propostas metodológicas a serem utilizadas. Em termos de dificuldades no ensino, não foi observado grandes dificuldades com relação a ministração de conteúdo. A disciplina de genética é muito importante para o desenvolvimento de vários segmentos da sociedade. Com os resultados obtidos, espera-se contribuir para a discussão de estratégias a serem utilizadas na promoção de maior eficácia no ensino-aprendizado de Genética.
Anti-Culture Machine: The War on Terror and its Effects on Pakhtuns and their Culture
Authors: Shakoor Abdul
Published: September 2021

This study critically evaluates the continuing campaign against terrorism. It especially discusses the counter-terrorism policies of Pakistan and the United States of America, which affects Pakhtuns and their culture. Figures show there has been a surge not only in the number but the activities of militants in the Pakhtun region after the inception of the war on terror. It is very important, therefore, to know the effects of the war on terror on Pakhtuns culture. Mostly relying on secondary data and interviews with experts in the area, the study is a qualitative analysis of the counter-insurgency campaigns and the resultant response of the local population in the area. The analysis shows two interrelated facts. The first is that ignoring cultural values in counterinsurgency campaigns can seriously undermine the efforts of combating terrorism. The second is that engaging tribes is a useful strategy in fighting terrorism. Analysis of the war on terror further reveal that disregarding facts on the ground and ignoring strongly-held cultural and religious traditions, in other words, indifference towards Pakhtunwali, has alienated the local population, thereby strengthening the militants cause. It is recommended, therefore, that simply ignoring or deliberately targeting cultural traits can seriously undermine counter-terrorism efforts. For the counterterrorism campaign to be successful, it is necessary to gain the support of the local population. In other words, winning the hearts and minds of the people is required.
Magical Realism Revisited in Erdrich's Tracks: An Interactional Thick Inscription
Authors: Shafiq Qasim , Farooq Sardar Ahmad , Aqeel Asim
Published: September 2021

This study revisits Louise Erdrich's practice of 'magic realism' to explain how the realistic presentation of unreal elements in Erdrich's writings differs from the western expression of magic realism. With the interactional thick inscription of Erdrich's magic realism, this study argues that the unreal events in Tracks are not based on Erdrich's imagination but the spiritual facts of her inheritance. Her description of naturalcum-supernatural elements cohesively achieves a synthesis of the Chippewa Anishinaabe magic-realistic world and, simultaneously, derives the social and cultural hierarchy of the Native American world. She appropriates the western concept of 'magic realism' to enlighten her oral tradition in 20th-century non-native societies. This appropriation explores the individuality of Native American traditional ways of being that have been considered cultural nonsense in modern academia. This interactional thick inscription of delimited text systematically inscribes the pre-Columbian context of 20th century Chippewa Anishinaabe, the Canadian border, and defines Erdrich's quest for her native identity.
Mughal Garden Wah: Architecture, Conservation Issues and Tourism Management
Authors: Arif Anas Mahmud , Anwar Adnan , Ilyas Memoona
Published: September 2021

Mughal Garden Wah is one of the masterpieces built by Mughals on GT Road near the city of Hassan Abdal. It was private property that was later on taken by the government due to its historical and architectural significance. This site is not only a picnic point for the local community but has the potential to attract thousands of national and international tourists to enjoy its landscape and architecture. The current state of the garden is not praiseworthy, and if proper measures are not taken well in time, this masterpiece of art and architecture will vanish soon. The current study is an attempt to highlight the architectural significance of the garden, its conservation issues and managing it for sustainable tourism.
Pakistani Press Towards Religious Minorities
Authors: Dogar Khalil Ahmed , Rizvi Wajiha Raza
Published: September 2021

The study aims to explore the image of the media as portrayed in leading English Pakistani newspapers. The objectives of the study are to analyze the framing of news concerning the religious minorities in three national dailies of Pakistan to determine either the Pakistani press portrays the minorities image positively or negatively. Content analysis was performed on three leading English dailies, The Dawn, The News and Express Tribune, after random selection from January 01, 2016, to December 31, 2016. The front, back and editorial pages were the sample size of the study. The findings of the study showed that the media portrayed minorities in a positive manner; however, the newspapers focused more on controversial issues such as forced conversions, attacks on places of worship, violations of the right to freedom and other human rights. Softer issues such as Political and Economic Empowerment and Improved Legislation were not covered as frequently. The need of giving more space to the education and entertainment need of minorities and to inform the majority about the positive contributions of minorities has also been found out during the study.
The efficiency assessment of installation of a non-cash system in the public transport to combat the shadow economy
Authors: Uvarov Evgeniy
Published: September 2021

This article describes the shadow economy in the public passenger transport sphere in regions of Russia. The goal of the work is to evaluate the impact of a non-cash payment system on the shadow economy. The relevance is to obtain quantitative assessments of the effectiveness of contactless payments using debit, credit and/or transport cards as a tool to combat the concealment of income by transport organizations via hiding the data on passengers carried in regions of Russia. The author uses econometric analysis of panel data for the period 2015–2018, where the dependent variable is the number of passengers carried. Among the independent variables are such indicators as price for a ride, number of population, number of buses, income of population, and other indicators that reflect presence or absence of discount for paying for a ride via debit, credit and/or transport cards in regions in Russia. The model considers autocorrelation and heteroskedasticity of the error in the regression, but also endogeneity of the variable «Price for a ride». As the results of research, absence of discount via a debit/credit card and discount via a transport card leads to an increase of the number of passengers carried. Meanwhile, presence of discount via a debit/credit card and absence of discount via a transport card does not lead to an increase of the number of passengers carried. At the end of 2018 a non-cash system got the most proliferation in the municipal transport than in commercial one