bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proposição e Validação de Escala para Mensuração de Capacidade Turística
Authors: Silveira-Martins Elvis , Zonatto Vinícius Costa da Silva
Published: April 2016

Este estudo objetiva desenvolver e validar uma escala para a mensuração da capacidade turística das empresas que atuam neste segmento. As capacidades turísticas abordadas neste trabalho são compreendidas como a capacidade das organizações que atuam no setor turístico em gerenciar potencialidades internas da empresa com vistas a agregação de valor aos serviços prestados. Por meio destas, torna-se possível a diferenciação e o desenvolvimento de vantagens competitivas, bem como o fortalecimento destas organizações. Para tanto, pesquisa exploratória e descritiva foi realizada com 65 hotéis com foco no turismo, localizados em diferentes regiões da cidade de São Paulo. Os resultados encontrados revelaram cinco capacidades turísticas determinantes para a diferenciação competitiva destas empresas, as quais compõe o construto proposto nesta pesquisa, sendo estas: geração de atendimento personalizado ao turista; conhecimento sobre os atrativos turísticos (locais) do município e região; atenção aos novos acontecimentos turísticos (locais) no município e região; conhecimento sobre a história local e regional; e, localização próxima a pontos estratégicos. Conclui-se que a compreensão das capacidades turísticas desenvolvidas por empresas hoteleiras pode contribuir para o entendimento de fatores que favorecem a capacidade adaptativa destas empresas considerando as características do ambiente dinâmico do setor. Da mesma forma, pode fornecer evidências que permitam o entendimento de como estas empresas alcançam e sustentam vantagens competitivas, o que resulta em um novo campo de pesquisa para essa temática.
Editorial
Authors: Almeida Marco Antonio De
Published: April 2016

InCID: Revista de Ciência da Informação e Documentação, Ribeirão Preto, v. 7, n. 1, mar./ago. 2016
Competência em Informação e Cultura Organizacional: fatores fundamentais na construção da memória organizacional
Authors: Ottonicar Selma Letícia Capinzaiki , Condutta Luis Fernando , Vitoriano Marcia Cristina de Carvalho Pazin
Published: April 2016

O presente artigo tem como objetivo explicar a relevância da competência em informação para a construção e preservação da memória organizacional. Além disso, atende as exigências informacionais, lista as principais habilidades e capacidades do profissional nesse processo e demonstra a relação da competência em informação e da cultura organizacional no uso dessa memória. A pesquisa se justifica porque a cultura organizacional voltada para a competência em informação é um fator chave para a construção do conhecimento. Assim, os procedimentos metodológicos envolvem uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre memória organizacional, competência em informação e cultura organizacional como subsídios para a construção de um quadro que correlacione os temas no contexto da organização. Desse modo, a cultura que valoriza a competência em informação contribui com a construção da memória, uma vez que os profissionais buscam adquirir habilidades, capacidades e conhecimentos tanto na criação quanto no uso dessa memória. Assim, a memória organizacional é vista como um recurso de aprendizado pelos indivíduos, resultando no desenvolvimento da organização.
Usabilidade do Lume – Repositório Digital da UFRGS: uma avaliação por meio das heurísticas e de testes com usuários
Authors: Santos Daiane Barrili dos , Pavão Caterina Marta Groposo , Moura Ana Maria Mielniczuk de
Published: April 2016

Avalia a usabilidade da interface do Lume - Repositório Digital da UFRGS. Tem por objetivo verificar se os principais requisitos de usabilidade são contemplados e se os usuários interagem facilmente durante a utilização do sistema. Buscou-se identificar critérios de usabilidade não adotados na interface e verificar sua influência no acesso à informação. Possui uma abordagem qualitativa e utiliza uma metodologia exploratória. Utilizou-se a avaliação heurística, para detectar problemas de usabilidade e um método empírico que envolve usuários. Os resultados obtidos auxiliaram na identificação de requisitos não adotados e na identificação de heurísticas violadas. Foi possível verificar que a interface do Repositório contempla os principais requisitos de usabilidade, apresentando uma baixa taxa de erros e poucos problemas.
A internet, a informação e suas culturas: padronização ou apropriação?
Authors: Almeida Marco Antonio De
Published: April 2016

Resenha de:MARTEL, Frédéric. Smart: o que você não sabe sobre a internet. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 2015.
Tradução, assimilação, resistência e discurso
Authors: Mello Giovana Cordeiro Campos de
Published: April 2016

Considerando a tradução como uma prática ideológico-discursiva, este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre o modo como o sujeito-tradutor responde a seu assujeitamento ideológico, aqui tomado como um ritual que admite o equívoco. A partir da Análise do Discurso francesa de Michel Pêcheux, propomos uma reelaboração de dois conceitos dos Estudos da Tradução: assimilação, neste artigo tomado como a repetição de discursos já sedimentados (identificação); e resistência, tomado como os processos de instauração e fortalecimento de discursos dissidentes (contraidentificação e desidentificação).
Análise comparativa entre as traduções de termos gastronômicos em Gabriela, Cravo e Canela e Dona Flor e seus dois maridos
Authors: Delvizio Ivanir A. , Almeida Laura De
Published: April 2016

Jorge Amado foi traduzido em vários idiomas, mas como foram estabelecidas as relações entre Língua e cultura? O presente trabalho visa analisar como os termos da culinária baiana foram transpostos para a Língua Inglesa. Comparamos obras do escritor em que a questão gastronômica ocupava um lugar importante. Escolhemos duas obras: Gabriela, Cravo e Canela e Dona Flor e seus dois maridos.Os termos gastronômicos foram classificados conforme a tipologia proposta por Vinay e Darbelnet. Os resultados foram analisados para verificar se existe uma padronização na tradução dos termos culturalmente marcados em obras diferentes. Além disso, verificamos o processo de distanciamento e proximidade entre as duas obras originais e suas traduções.
A atividade tradutória de obras da literatura infantil aplicada ao ensino de língua estrangeira
Authors: Pontes Valdecy De Oliveira , Lima Natália Sampaio Alencar , Nunes Simone Lopes Almeida
Published: April 2016

O uso da tradução já passou por diversas mudanças referentes ao ensino de língua estrangeira (LE), de elemento fundamental na abordagem Gramática-Tradução à sua exclusão por completo com a Abordagem Direta. Atualmente, ela volta lentamente a ganhar espaço em sala de aula. A tradução como ferramenta pedagógica, ou seja, quando o professor a utiliza para verificar e reforçar a aprendizagem, é de grande valia e, quando contextualizada com elementos socioculturais, torna-se mais significativa e eficaz, além de contribuir para formação da identidade cultural do indivíduo, bem como para o aprimoramento do conhecimento da língua materna. Dessa forma, propomos nesse artigo atividades tradutórias que utilizam por base dois clássicos da literatura mundial: Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (1865) e Le Avventure di Pinocchio (1883) com intuito de aproximar o aluno não apenas da língua, mas, também, da cultura da qual ela faz parte. Para tanto, apoiar-nos-emos, principalmente, nas propostas de Balboni (2011), Romanelli (2009), Hurtado Albir (1998), Atkinson (1993). As atividades tradutórias serão realizadas com alunos da Graduação de Letras dos cursos de língua inglesa e língua italiana com níveis C1 a C2 (Quadro Europeu Comum de Referência para Línguas) em duas aulas de 1 hora e 30 minutos de duração. Em grupos, os estudantes traduzirão partes das obras originais e apresentariam suas versões em sala de aula, onde o professor seria encarregado de apresentar-lhes os elementos socioculturais ali existentes, além de uma ou mais versões da obra traduzida para o português para que lhes fossem mostrado como é possível haver várias leituras e traduções a partir de um único texto.
Dois verbos e duas medidas: comparando tratamentos lexicográficos de verbi procomplementari e phrasal verbs em dicionários bilíngues
Authors: Santos Roseli Dornelles dos , Baccin Paola Giustina
Published: April 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho é a caracterização dos verbi procomplementari (VPs) da língua italiana e a análise do tratamento lexicográfico recebido por dois VPs em três dicionários bilíngues italiano-português. Comparamos os VPs com os phrasalverbs (PhVs) da língua inglesa em relação às suas características e, sobretudo, ao tratamento lexicográfico recebido por dois PhVs em três dicionários bilíngues inglês-português. Além disso, discutimos a função e tipologia de dicionários bilíngues, especialmente os de língua italiana, e a relação de escolhas lexicográficas distintas concernentes às duas tipologias verbais aqui estudadas.
Planejamento e proposta de Unidade Didática para ensino de tradução: usos do dicionário
Authors: Francis Mariana , Durão Adja Balbino de Amorim Barbieri , Vasconcellos Maria Lúcia
Published: April 2016

Esta proposta insere-se no ramo aplicado dos Estudos da Tradução e objetiva trazer à discussão a experiência de elaboração de uma Unidade Didática (UD) para ensino de tradução, especificamente no que se refere ao desenvolvimento da subcompetência instrumental na utilização de dicionários. Com base em fundamentos teórico-metodológicos da Didática da Tradução (conforme proposta pelo Grupo PACTE, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Espanha) e também por estudiosos da Lexicografia Pedagógica (WELKER [2004], BEVILACQUA [2006] e KRIEGER [2006]), estipulou-se uma UD com a finalidade de alcançar uma série de objetivos pedagógicos sobre o tema em pauta, objetivos esses relacionados ao emprego produtivo de dicionários no que se refere à elaboração de traduções, mediante a programação de tarefas de tradução aplicáveis ao ensino de tradução em cursos de graduação.
Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor γ Level Contributes to Structural Integrity and Component Production of Elastic Fibers in the Aorta
Authors: Tai Haw-Chih , Tsai Pei-Jane , Chen Ju-Yi , Lai Chao-Han , Wang Kuan-Chieh , Teng Shih-Hua , Lin Shih-Chieh , Chang Alice Y.W. , Jiang Meei-Jyh , Li Yi-Heng , Wu Hua-Lin , Maeda Nobuyo , Tsai Yau-Sheng
Published: April 2016

Loss of integrity and massive disruption of elastic fibers are key features of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ (PPARγ) has been shown to attenuate AAA through inhibition of inflammation and proteolytic degradation. However, its involvement in elastogenesis during AAA remains unclear. PPARγ was highly expressed in human AAA within all vascular cells, including inflammatory cells and fibroblasts. In the aortas of transgenic mice expressing PPARγ at 25% normal levels (
Pparg

C

/−

mice), we observed the fragmentation of elastic fibers and reduced expression of vital elastic fiber components of elastin and fibulin-5. These were not observed in mice with 50% normal PPARγ expression (
Pparg

+/−

mice). Infusion of a moderate dose of angiotensin II (500 ng/kg per minute) did not induce AAA but
Pparg

+/−

aorta developed flattened elastic lamellae, whereas
Pparg

C/−

aorta showed severe destruction of elastic fibers. After infusion of angiotensin II at 1000 ng/kg per minute, 73% of
Pparg

C/−

mice developed atypical suprarenal aortic aneurysms: superior mesenteric arteries were dilated with extensive collagen deposition in adventitia and infiltrations of inflammatory cells. Although matrix metalloproteinase inhibition by doxycycline somewhat attenuated the dilation of aneurysm, it did not reduce the incidence nor elastic lamella deterioration in angiotensin II–infused
Pparg

C/−

mice. Furthermore, PPARγ antagonism downregulated elastin and fibulin-5 in fibroblasts, but not in vascular smooth muscle cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated PPARγ binding in the genomic sequence of fibulin-5 in fibroblasts. Our results underscore the importance of PPARγ in AAA development though orchestrating proper elastogenesis and preserving elastic fiber integrity.
Deletion of Apoptosis Inhibitor of Macrophage (AIM)/CD5L Attenuates the Inflammatory Response and Infarct Size in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Nishikido Toshiyuki , Oyama Jun‐ichi , Shiraki Aya , Komoda Hiroshi , Node Koichi
Published: April 2016

Background

An excessive inflammatory response after myocardial infarction (MI) increases myocardial injury. The toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐4 is activated by the recognition of endogenous ligands and is proinflammatory when there is myocardial tissue injury. The apoptosis inhibitor of the macrophage (AIM) is known to provoke an efflux of saturated free fatty acids (FFA) due to lipolysis, which causes inflammation via the TLR‐4 pathway. Therefore, this study investigated the hypothesis that AIM causes a proinflammatory response after MI.

Methods and Results

The left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated to induce MI in both AIM‐knockout (AIM
−/−
) and wild‐type (WT) mice. After 3 days, the inflammatory response from activation of the TLR‐4/NFκB pathway was assessed, and infarct size was measured by staining with triphenyltetrazolium chloride. In addition, left ventricular remodeling was examined after 28 days. Although the area at risk was similar between AIM
−/−
and WT mice, the infarct size was significantly smaller in AIM
−/−
mice (
P
=0.02). The heart weight–to–body weight ratio and myocardial fibrosis were also decreased in the AIM
−/−
mice, and the 28‐day survival rate was improved (
P
<0.01). With the reduction of plasma FFA in AIM
−/−
mice, myocardial IRAK4 and NFκB activity were decreased (all
P
<0.05). Moreover, there was a reduction in myeloperoxidase activity and inducible nitric oxide synthase as part of the inflammatory response (
P
<0.01,
P
=0.03, respectively). Furthermore, NFκB DNA‐binding activation via TLR‐4, neutrophil infiltration, and inflammatory mediators were decreased in AIM
−/−
mice.

Conclusions

The deletion of AIM reduced the inflammatory response and infarct size and improved survival after myocardial infarction.
A UX Model for the Communication of Experience Affordances
Authors: Pucillo Francesco , Becattini Niccolò , Cascini Gaetano
Published: April 2016

This paper outlines a model that aims to support the design for the User Experience (UX). Assuming the satisfaction of users’ psychological needs as fundamental factor to a positive UX, this study describes a representation of the possibilities offered by an artefact for the satisfaction of said needs. To this end, it adopts the concept of experience affordances as a starting point for the development of a model that frames experience affordances from a design-as-communication perspective. The model developed herein offers a schematic representation of experience affordances, as well as defines the role of the elements involved in the satisfaction of user's psychological needs through functional relationships. Benefits and limitations of the proposed model are discussed against two alternative communication models already available in literature. The advantages provided by said model can be found in the eventual support for the synthesis of solutions, due to the clear representation of the factors identified as composing an experience affordance.
Design at the Earview: Decolonizing Speculative Design through Sonic Fiction
Authors: de Oliveira Pedro J. S. Vieira
Published: April 2016

This article discusses how Sonic Fiction—a concept developed by cultural theorist Kodwo Eshun—can be regarded as a cogent mechanism with which to develop Speculative and Critical Design (SCD) projects, using subjects of sound, music, and listening as their driving force. Through a dissection of the base premises of sonic fictions, this article aims to expand the perspectives taken so far by SCD projects in order to encompass languages other than those informed by the usual theories, as well as to broaden the spectrum of possibilities for sound-based practices within the field. In doing so, it suggests sonic fiction as a decolonial epistemology for assessing design questions.
Learning from HGTV: Media Convergence and Design Branding in America
Authors: Dodd Samuel
Published: April 2016

In the United States, Home and Garden Television (HGTV) has become an authoritative design brand that defines popular tastes through near-total commercial dominance. Established in 1994 as a basic cable channel, HGTV currently reaches over 99 million American households with daily programming on interior design, real estate, and do-it-yourself decorating. Beyond television, the HGTV trademark spans magazines, building materials, model houses, and digital media. The stability of its “lifestyle brand” across media platforms makes HGTV appealing to advertisers and audiences alike. Yet, to the small degree that design scholars discuss HGTV, they usually criticize or mock its unrealistic and commercialized depictions of design practices. In contrast, I argue that the value of HGTV is found in its performance as a media convergent brand. Whereas old media, including magazines and model houses, bolster HGTV's identity as a trusted source for design products and ideas, new media platforms encourage audiences to act as stewards of their own taste cultures.
Refining the Reconstruction of Col. 2 of the Temple Scroll (11QTa): The Turn to Digital Mapping and Historical Syntax
Authors: Levinson Bernard M.
Published: April 2016

Digital technology significantly expands the resources available to scholars seeking to reconstruct ancient manuscripts and, in combination with conventional philology, contributes to a more accurate reconstruction of both the text and the line breaks of col. 2 of the Temple Scroll. The column’s fragmentary condition led Yadin and Qimron to diverge in their reconstructions of the manuscript’s line-breaks and its lacunae. The problem is most acute at 2:8–9, where the scroll’s composer expanded the base text of Exod 34 with Deut 7:25–26. By employing techniques of digital mapping in conjunction with historical syntax, this article helps reconstruct the column’s line-breaks, helps restore the lacunae, and offers a refined reconstruction of the column.
The Two Structures of Psalm 29
Authors: Barbiero Gianni
Published: April 2016

Against various proposals to remove vv. 3b, 7, 9c and 11 from Psalm 29 as late additions, the author affirms the substantial integrity of themt. According to him, the psalm is composed of five strophes, each consisting of two rhythmic verses (1-2, 3-4, 5-7, 8-9, 10-11). They form two complementary structures, one with a central pivot (introduction, 1-2; body, 3-9; conclusion, 10-12), and the other a linear one (praise of God in the cosmos, 1-4; praise of God in the land of Israel, 5-9; resumption of the cosmic praise, 10; resumption of the praise of Israel, 11). It is in the interaction of these two structures that the unity of the psalm is grasped.
Psalm 9.22-26 in a 4th-Century Papyrus from the Western Desert in Egypt
Authors: Worp Klaas A.
Published: April 2016

First edition of a Psalm fragment on a Greek papyrus coming from a settlement in the Western desert of Egypt. Discussion of its religious background (Jewish, Manichaean,or Christian?) and of its possible use, as an amulet? Attention is paid to a textual variant.
Properties of Biblical Historiography and Historical Thought
Authors: Rofé Alexander
Published: April 2016

Biblical historiography arose at the eve of the monarchial period and ceased with the demise of the Jewish statehood. Two major trends are extant: a quasi-secular one and a kerygmatic. Various attempts at periodization appear in the historical books. Periodization also features in the prophetic writings. This historical consciousness is not present in etiologies, but at times this lack was rectified. Anachronism is present, but historical sense tried to curb it, introducing distinctions between past and present. An opposed category of historical thought is catachronism i.e., an attempt at describing the past as different from the present. This is done mainly by borrowing features from an alien milieu, e.g. the נשיא. Sometimes catachronism resorts to sheer inventions, such as the שוטר. When sources were available, biblical authors indiscriminately accepted them: legends along historical accounts. At times authors recast sources in order to express with them their own ideas.
L’institutionnalisation du droit international comme phénomène transnational (1869–1873). Les réseaux européens de Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns
Authors: Genin Vincent
Published: April 2016

This article deals with a phenomenon which appears in a particular context: the institutionalisation of international law between 1869 (creation of the Revue de droit international et de législation comparée) and 1873 (birth of the Institut de Droit International), through the international networks of the Belgian lawyer Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns. He was close to Pasquale Mancini, John Westlake, James Lorimer, Franz Von Holtzendorff, but also to the least-known Michael Corr-Van der Maeren, a publicist. Until this period of crystallisation this field was not structured and represented an aggregate of individualities. What can we say about such a process of institutionalisation on the basis of unpublished archives? The history of international law, until today, especially studied by lawyers, was very neglected by historians, whose methods and sources are complementary to those of the lawyer. Our contribution wishes to contribute to the development of a history of international law written by historians.
Human Rights for and against Empire – Legal and Public Discourses in the Age of Decolonisation
Authors: Klose Fabian
Published: April 2016

Against the background of an ongoing debate about the role of human rights in the age of decolonisation this essay approaches the issue from two different angles. It concentrates on the paradoxical situation that anti-colonial movements as well as colonial powers instrumentalised international human rights documents such as the Genocide Convention, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Geneva Conventions, and the European Conventions on Human Rights for achieving their political goals. In combining legal and public discourses in a significant way both sides accused each other of gross human rights violations while at the same time presenting themselves as respecting and even guaranteeing fundamental human rights. Especially during the course of the wars of decolonisation after 1945 this phenomenon became obvious in various diplomatic debates at the United Nations and made universal rights a diplomatic pawn in international debates.
FROM IRONY TO ENIGMA: DISCOVERING DOUBLE IGNORANCE AND SOCRATES’ DIVINE KNOWLEDGE
Authors: LAYNE DANIELLE A.
Published: April 2016

To dismiss the problems of Socratic moral intellectualism as well as Socratic irony (with respect to his claims of ignorance) in the following we shall first discuss how there are different forms of not-knowing in the Platonic dialogues. By referencing various passages throughout Plato’s entire corpus we shall see that like his nuanced understanding of knowledge, Plato also delineated between kinds of ignorance with only one denying virtue and the good life to individuals. This will prove that Socrates does not associate with a reprehensible state when he claims ignorance and thus there is no need to appeal to irony when he makes such avowals of not-knowing. In the second half of this essay I will also suggest that the knowledge to which Socrates appeals is not an “ironic” appeal to human knowledge, as various scholars have argued, but is a sincere appeal to divine knowledge, i.e. immediate wisdom, which all human beings possess and rely on in their daily lives. In other words, Socratic knowing is a kind of enigmatic knowing which must be understood as a pre-theoretical, unexamined or innate wisdom. For Socrates all individuals “possess” such wisdom but in order to do the work that is “properly” human, i.e. the work allowing for virtue, one must enigmatically marry this “knowledge” with recognized ignorance.
RÉHABILITATION D’UNE NOTION ARISTOTÉLICIENNE NEGLIGÉE : LA LYSIS
Authors: BASTIT MICHEL
Published: April 2016

During the last fifty years, a large part of aristotelian commentarism has been consecrated to Aristotle’s methodology as well in Metaphysics as in Physics. However the last step of Aristotelian research, that is to discover and say the solution of the problem, has been very neglected. This paper wishes to show the philosophical importance of the use of Aristotelian λύσις and her link with dialectic in some cases, but also with science in the most part of the cases.
LA REDACCIÓN DE LAS APORÍAS EN K 1-2 Y LA AUTENTICIDAD DEL LIBRO KAPPA DE LA METAFÍSICA
Authors: AGUIRRE JAVIER
Published: April 2016

From XIX Century, the controversy over the authenticity of the Metaphysics’ Kappa has been a constant in the context of studies on the Metaphysics. In regard to the redaction of the aporias of K 1-2, the differences in style and content are remarkable. However, after analyzing the differences, we can assert quite safely that the author of K 1-2 is Aristotle. Indeed, K 1-2 do not contains non-Aristotelian philosophy in approach of the aporias nor in the doctrines involved in them. In this sense, the differences may be explained by the renewed interest of Aristotle for the supersensible, in the face of its research on Λ 6-10. Secondly, with respect to the redaction of aporias, researches on style and morphometry show that the use of some expressions change significantly from one work to another, so differences in style, use of particles and unusual expressions in K 1-2 can be understood as normal.
THE SECOND INTELLIGIBLE TRIAD AND THE INTELLIGIBLE-INTELLECTIVE GODS
Authors: BUTLER EDWARD P.
Published: April 2016

Continuing the systematic henadological interpretation of Proclus’ Platonic Theology begun in “The Intelligible Gods in the Platonic Theology of Proclus” (Méthexis 21, 2008, pp. 131-143), the present article treats of the basic characteristics of intelligible-intellective (or noetico-noeric) multiplicity and its roots in henadic individuality. Intelligible-intellective multiplicity (the hypostasis of Life) is at once a universal organization of Being in its own right, and also transitional between the polycentric henadic manifold, in which each individual is immediately productive of absolute Being, and the formal intellective organization, which is monocentrically and diacritically disposed. Intelligible-intellective multiplicity is generated from the dyadic relationship of henads to their power(s), the phase of henadic individuality expressed in the second intelligible triad, and is mediated, unlike the polycentric manifold, but not by identity and difference, like the intellective organization. Instead, the hypostasis of Life is constituted by ideal motility and spatiality, figurai dispositions, and the intersubjective relations depicted in the divine symposium of Plato’s Phaedrus.
LA ΠPONOIA DIVINE CHEZ HÉRODOTE (III, 108) ET PROTAGORAS (PLATON, PROTAGORAS)
Authors: DEMONT PAUL
Published: April 2016

The paper investigates the notion of divine providence concerning animal species by focusing on Herodotus (III, 108) and Plato's Protagoras (321b7) and by showing that in the latter case divine intervention turns out as less sage than in the former. The origins of the problem along with further developments are also taken into account.
DES ARGUMENTS PROTAGORÉENS CONTRE LE CHANGEMENT. THÉÉTÉTE ET PHÉDON
Authors: BALANSARD ANNE
Published: April 2016

On the evidence of Plato’s Theaetetus and Phaedo the author claims that Protagoras argued against changement. The paper develops in four steps. First, the paradox of the dices is taken into account. Then four parallels to this argument are recovered in Socrates’ autobiography in Plato’ Phaedo. Third, the four parallels are identified with the wise causes of the antilogies. Finally, the author addresses the objection that both Theaetetus in the Theaetetus and Socrates in the Phaedo show serious wondering and dismiss such arguments as merely sophisms by focusing on how the notion of wondering is used in the Euthydemus.
LE PLAISIR ‘PROPRE’ DE LA TRAGEDIE EST-IL INTELLECTUEL?
Authors: DESTREE PIERRE
Published: April 2016

In this article, I oppose ‘cognitivist’ interpretations of Aristotle’s Poetics (Belfiore, Donini, Gallop, Halliwell, Wolff) which defend the idea that the pleasure proper to tragedy is a pleasure of an intellectual nature, and I defend an ‘emotivist’ interpretation according to which this pleasure is essentially of an emotional nature. I pass in review the passages of chapters 4, 9, 14 and 26 wherein the question of the ‘pleasure proper’ to tragedy is dealt with, in comparing them with what Aristotle tells us about musical pleasure in Politics VIII.
LA PENSÉE POLITIQUE D'HIPPIAS
Authors: BRANCACCI ALDO
Published: April 2016

This paper offers a detailed analysis of the first part of Hippias's speech in Plato's Protagoras (337 С 5-E 2). The aim of this analysis is to show the very richness of political notions and implications of Hippias's purpose, which one can be almost considered a sort of 5th century ВС philosophical hetairies's manifesto. Our analysis clarifies the meaning of Hippias's nomos/physis antithesis and it focuses on the philosophical value of these two terms. We try to reconstruct Hippias's conception of positive law and to specify the concept of wise men's relationships and affinity. That, however, does not support the idea of a cosmo-politanism grounded on mankind's universal relationship. Hippias's position – which has to be grasped on the basis of Hippias's ontology explained by an important passage of Plato's Hippias Major – rather sustains the idea of a sort of "aristocratic cosmopolitanism" connected to the philosophical hetairies: that implies the recognition of verified and enhanced differences.
EL EXTRANJERO DE ELEA, 'COMPAÑERO' DE LOS PARMENÍDEOS...DESDE 1561
Authors: CORDERO NESTOR L.
Published: April 2016

In 1561 J.Cornarius proposed his own version of some passages of Plato's Sophist In this version Theodorus presents the Eleatic Stranger as "a companion (hetairos) of Parmenideans and Zenonians" (216a). Since then, this cliché is accepted by all translations. However, when the possibility of justifying the existence of images and appearances is considered, the Stranger himself proposes 'testing' Parmenides' thesis. His remarks are rather those of an adversary than of a friend or companion of Parmenides. In fact, in spite of Theodorus' presentation, the Stranger, albeit citizen of Elea, does not seem to share the theses of the 'Eleatics'. These anomalies invited us to question the character of 'companion' of the 'Parmenideans' credited to the Stranger. The questioning is possible if we exploit some valuable greek manuscripts of Plato's Sophist, neglected by J.Burnet, like Vindobonensis 21 (Y). This manuscript, among others, has the lecture heteros, 'different', instead of hetairon, 'companion'. This manuscript permits to maintain the formula tôn hetairôn, transmitted by all the manuscripts after the first hetairon, and removed in modern editions. The translation we propose is: the Eleatic Stranger is "different (heteros) of the companions (tôn hetairôn) of Parmenides and Zenon".
PLATO AND THE RULE OF LAW
Authors: LISI FRANCISCO L.
Published: April 2016

According to the usual interpretation, Plato's last dialogue, the Laws, indicates a substantial change in his political thought, namely the defence of the Rule of Law as the best possible political order. Therefore, he has been considered the first representative of this central concept for the modern State. The present paper points to the radical differences between Plato'sconception and the contemporary understanding of the Rule of Law. It also explains his interpretation of the function of the law in a well-ordered State and to the opposition of his view to ourcontemporary doctrine of democracy.
IL PARALLELISMO ARISTOTELICO TRA RAGIONAMENTO PRATICO E RAGIONAMENTO TEORETICO
Authors: TARANTINO PIERO
Published: April 2016

Central topics pertaining to the current debate in the philosophy of action concern the distinction between practical and theoretical reasoning, and the nature of a conclusion in a process of reasoning. In this debate the reference to the Aristotelian reflection is recurrent. In four passages from his works, that is MA. 7, 701a7-b1, EN. H 5, 1147a24-31, EE. B 11, 1227b23-33 and EN. Г 5, 1112bl1-24, Aristotle explores some important aspects of practical reasoning making a parallel with the logical structures of theoretical reasoning. In particular he finds specific analogies between practical and theoretical syllogism, practical and theoretical necessity, deliberation and analysis, action and demonstration. In spite of its specifications, the activity of reason shows its unity. Aristotle considers and deepens the constitutive ingredients of theoretical reasoning in the contest of practical philosophy. The comparison between practical and theoretical reasoning has consequently an expositive purpose, because it supports Aristotle's treatment of action theory.
L'ETICA PRESCRITTIVA NEL TARDO ELLENISMO E IL CASO DI FILONE DI LARISSA
Authors: ALESSE FRANCESCA
Published: April 2016

The article, after providing a general survey of prescriptive theories (or theories on rules) in Hellenistic philosophy, tries to offer a detailed analysis of the moral doxography of Philo of Larissa conserved in Stobaeus' Anthology (Stob. Ecl. II 7, 2, pp. 39-40 W.-H. = 25 Wiśniewski, 2 Mette, 32 Brittain). According to this evidence, Philo divided moral philosophy in three parts : hortatory, or protreptic, topos, therapeutic topos, prescriptive topos –; besides, he parted the prescriptive topos into general and particular logos. This doctrine is contextualised in rhetoric reflection of Hermagorean school and also considered in the light of Academic probabilism. In particular, Carneades' theory of the representations attested by Sextus, M VII 184 is the background against which to evaluate Philo's position.
MODELLO, COPIA, RICETTACOLO: MONISMO, DUALISMO 0 TRIADE DI PRINCIPI NEL TIMEO?
Authors: FRONTEROTTA FRANCESCO
Published: April 2016

In this paper, I examine Plato’s onto-cosmological conception in the Timaeus, trying to find out how many principles or set of principles are established in Timaeus’ description of the constitution of kosmos. The intelligible model, the sensible copy, the receptacle and the demiurge: these are the different kinds of the things that are and the agents of their relations. But it is not clear at all if this perspective can be represented as a form of monism, dualism or anything else.
PLATO ON TRUTH-VALUE AND TRUTH-APTNESS
Authors: WOLFSDORF DAVID CONAN
Published: April 2016

"Plato on Truth-Value and Truth-Aptness" examines Plato’s conception of truth-value and truth-aptness. The examination focuses on Philebus 36c3-50e4 where Socrates argues that pleasures can be true and false and more precisely that there are various kinds of true and false pleasures. The Philebus passage is the only one in Plato’s corpus where various kinds of truth, falsity, and truth-aptness are examined in close proximity and in relation to one another. Hence it is an especially valuable and, with respect to the topics treated in this paper, neglected site. Socrates distinguishes four kinds of true and false pleasure, which I examine sequentially. In doing so, I argue that Plato distinguishes two kinds of representational truth-value and truth-aptness, propositional and non-propositional respectively, and two kinds of ontic truth-value and truth-aptness, absolute and gradable respectively. On the basis of a key passage at Philebus 42c5-7 the discussion concludes, suggestively but aporetically, with a consideration of how these various kinds of truth-value and truth-aptness are related to one another.
THINKING ABOUT FORMS AND PARTICULARS
Authors: WOOLF RAPHAEL
Published: April 2016

This paper explores the deep dualism, metaphysical and epistemological, between Forms and particulars in Plato’s work. It both argues that the dualism exists and offers a hypothesis, concerning Plato’s view of the criteria for thinking of an object, to explain it. The paper concludes that while these criteria are indeed stringent, they nonetheless allow the possibility that we can still think of, and know, individuals.
LES EFFETS ÈTHIQUES DE LA MUSIQUE : LA LECTURE PROBLÈMATIQUE DE DIOGÈNE DE BABYLONE PAR PHILODÈME DE GADARA
Authors: LAURAND VALERY
Published: April 2016

This paper deals with the place Diogenus of Babylon grants music within the realm of ethical education and training, as reported in Philodemus of Gadara’s (partisan) testimony in his De Musica, wherein it is stated that music encourages men to cultivate virtue and strengthen it. By exploring the controversy between Epicureanism and Stoicism, this paper aims to understand how, according to Stoic thought, cognitive sense-perception (ἐπɩστημoνKὴ σἲσθησɩᴤ) could have an ethical outcome, the sensory experience thus proving its expertise within the field of ethics, and succeeding in changing man's varying states of pleasure and pain. In fact, music like poetry turns out to be the resounding image of rationality that holds direct sway over the rational soul.
Rhodocybe formosa (Agaricales, Entolomataceae): new collections, molecular data and synonymy, and Rhodocybe griseonigrella comb. nov.
Authors: VIZZINI ALFREDO , PICILLO BERNARDO , ERCOLE ENRICO , VILA JORDI , CONTU MARCO
Published: April 2016

Rhodocybe formosa (sect. Rhodocybe), a species so far known only from Spain, is here reported from Italy. A detailed description, including also macrophotographs, microphotographs and drawings together with a phylogenetic analysis of the ITS sequences, are provided.                According to the molecular comparison of the type collections, R. minutispora, a species recently described on the basis of collections from Spain, is a synonym of R. formosa. Clitopilus griseonigrellus is recognized as a distinct species and recombined in Rhodocybe. A key to the European species of Rhodocybe sect. Rhodocybe is provided.
A new natural hybrid in Argemone (Papaveraceae)
Authors: OTTO RAINER , VERLOOVE FILIP
Published: April 2016

Argemone × hybrida is described as a natural hybrid of A. mexicana and A. ochroleuca, based on a collection from La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain), where both parents are found growing in close proximity. This hybrid may be more widespread but overlooked. Distinguishing features of all three taxa are thoroughly discussed and illustrated.
Revision of Physobates (Acari, Oribatida, Tegoribatidae) and redescription of Physobates spinipes Hammer, 1962 with comments on tegoribatid genera
Authors: FREDES NATALIA A. , MARTÍNEZ PABLO A.
Published: April 2016

Herein we review the genus Physobates Hammer, 1962 and redescribe P. spinipes Hammer 1962 based on material collected in Buenos Aires, Argentina. After a morphological comparison among species of Tegoribatidae genera, we propose a new junior synonym, Paraphysobates Mahunka, 1985. A key to identify tegoribatid genera is also provided.
Fossil Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida) from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil
Authors: JEPSON JAMES E. , HEADS SAM W.
Published: April 2016

Two new genera and species of Megaloptera are described from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil. Cratocorydalopsis brasiliensis gen. et sp. nov. and Lithocorydalus fuscata gen. et sp. nov. are both placed within the family Corydalidae. The specimens represent the first Cretaceous examples of adult megalopteran body fossils not preserved in amber, and are the first megalopterans to be formally described from the Crato Formation.
Improving Energy-Based Estimates of Monsoon Location in the Presence of Proximal Deserts
Authors: Shekhar Ravi , Boos William R.
Published: April 2016

Two theoretical frameworks have been widely used to understand the response of monsoons to local and remote forcings: the vertically integrated atmospheric energy budget and convective quasi-equilibrium (CQE). Existing forms of these frameworks neglect some of the complexities of monsoons, such as the shallow meridional circulations that advect dry air from adjacent deserts into the middle and lower troposphere of monsoon regions. Here the fidelity of energy budget and CQE theories for monsoon location is assessed in a three-dimensional beta-plane model with boundary conditions representative of an off-equatorial continent with a tropical grassland and an adjacent subtropical desert. Energy budget theories show mixed success for various SST and land surface albedo forcings, with the ITCZ being collocated with the energy flux equator but a nonmonotonic relationship existing between ITCZ latitude and cross-equatorial energy transport. Accounting for the off-equatorial position of the unperturbed energy flux equator is shown to be important when a linearization of meridional energy transports is used to quantitatively diagnose ITCZ location. CQE theories that diagnose ITCZ location based on the subcloud moist static energy maximum are shown to have large biases; accounting for convective entrainment of dry air by using a lower-tropospheric mean moist static energy provides a more correct diagnosis of ITCZ location. Finally, it is shown that although ITCZ shifts can be diagnosed by modified CQE and energy budget frameworks, neither can be used in a quantitatively prognostic capacity because of unpredictable feedbacks that are often larger than the imposed forcing.
Wave Setup over a Fringing Reef with Large Bottom Roughness
Authors: Buckley Mark L. , Lowe Ryan J. , Hansen Jeff E. , Van Dongeren Ap R.
Published: April 2016

The effect of bottom roughness on setup dynamics was investigated using high-resolution observations across a laboratory fringing reef profile with roughness elements scaled to mimic the frictional wave dissipation of a coral reef. Results with roughness were compared with smooth bottom runs across 16 offshore wave and still water level conditions. The time-averaged and depth-integrated force balance was evaluated from observations collected at 17 locations along the flume and consisted of cross-shore pressure and radiation stress gradients whose sum was balanced by quadratic mean bottom stresses. The introduction of roughness had two primary effects. First, for runs with roughness, frictional wave dissipation occurred on the reef slope offshore of the breakpoint, reducing wave heights prior to wave breaking. Second, offshore-directed mean bottom stresses were generated by the interaction of the combined wave–current velocity field with the roughness elements. These two mechanisms acted counter to one another. Frictional wave dissipation resulted in radiation stress gradients that were predicted to generate 18% (on average) less setup on the reef flat for rough runs than for smooth runs when neglecting mean bottom stresses. However, mean bottom stresses increased the predicted setup by 16% on average for runs with roughness. As a result, setup on the reef flat was comparable (7% mean difference) between corresponding rough and smooth runs. These findings are used to assess prior results from numerical modeling studies of reefs and also to discuss the broader implications for how large roughness influences setup dynamics in the nearshore zone.
North Atlantic Subtropical Underwater and Its Year-to-Year Variability in Annual Subduction Rate during the Argo Period
Authors: Qu Tangdong , Zhang Linlin , Schneider Niklas
Published: April 2016

Subtropical underwater (STUW) and its year-to-year variability in annual subduction rate are investigated using recently available Argo data in the North Atlantic. For the period of observation (2002–14), the mean annual subduction rate of the STUW is 7.3 ± 1.2 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3 s−1) within the density range between 25.0 and 26.0 kg m−3. Once subducted, the STUW spreads in the subtropical gyre as a vertical salinity maximum. In the mean, the spatial changes in temperature and salinity of the STUW tend to compensate each other, and the density of the water mass remains rather stable near 25.5 kg m−3 in the southwestern part of the subtropical gyre. The annual subduction rate of the STUW varies from year to year, and most of this variability is due to lateral induction, which in turn is directly linked to the variability of the winter mixed layer depth. Through modulation of surface buoyancy, wind anomalies associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation are primarily responsible for this variability. Sea surface salinity anomalies in the formation region of the STUW are conveyed into the thermocline, but their westward propagation cannot be detected by the present data.
Reference intervals for thyroid hormones on Advia Centaur derived from three reference populations and a review of the literature
Authors: Barth Julian H , Spencer Jennifer D , Goodall Stephen R , Luvai Ahai
Published: April 2016

Introduction

Laboratories are recommended to determine their own local reference intervals (RIs) to embrace the variations in local populations. We have assessed local RIs for thyroid function tests using two different approaches to selection of reference populations and also searched the literature for studies using the Advia Centaur methods.

Methods

Two independent populations were made of redundant serum samples from primary care in which exclusion criteria were used to reduce the inclusion of patients with thyroid disease. A further population of healthy subjects were recruited. All groups were restricted to 18–65 years and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOabs) positive subjects were excluded. All samples were analysed using Advia Centaur reagents. A literature search was made for RI studies on non-pregnant adults using Advia Centaur.

Results

Redundant data sets consisted of 219 and 222 subjects and a healthy population of 280. Comparison of variance of all three groups showed differences for free T4 (fT4) and total T3 (TT3) (analysis of variance P < 0.0001) but thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was similar across all three groups ( P = 0.7656). RI for TSH, fT4 and TT3 all fell within the 95% confidence interval for each other for all three analytes. Published RIs give wide variation although their mean is similar to the prospective data reported here.

Discussion

Our data suggest that a consensus set of RIs for Advia Centaur can be adopted from the prospective studies and literature search in this paper and we would suggest the following RIs: TSH 0.5–4.4 mIU/L; fT4 10–20 pmol/L; and TT3 1.1–2.4 nmol/L.
Criminalisation of the Burqa in the UK
Authors: Idriss Mohammad Mazher
Published: April 2016

In 2010, the French government passed a law banning face coverings in public places. This includes shopping malls, restaurants and schools. Although worded widely, the law was drafted to prevent Muslim women from wearing the Islamic face veil in public. Those who wear it now risk facing a criminal conviction. In February 2014, the House of Commons held a Second Reading of the Face Coverings (Prohibition) Bill, which is very similar to the French law. Though it did not complete its passage through Parliament, the Bill signals an intention by some to ban face veils in British streets. This paper will examine the main arguments for and against the policy to criminalise the burqa and how a ban undermines the autonomy and identity of Muslim women. It will argue that a paternalistic law that instructs women what they can (or cannot) wear would be very alien to British culture. Analysis will also be provided on the Grand Chamber’s decision in SAS v France (2015) and the potential impact this might have for the UK and human rights law.