bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Different Perspectives of Cloud Security
Authors: Sundaresan M. , Boopathy D.
Published: December 2014

Cloud storage systems can be considered to be a network of distributed datacenters that typically use cloud computing technology like virtualization and offer some kind of interface for storing data. To increase the availability of the data, it may be redundantly stored at different locations. Basic cloud storage is generally not designed to be accessed directly by users but rather incorporated into custom software using API. Cloud computing involves other processes besides storage. In this chapter, the authors discuss different viewpoints for cloud computing from the user, legal, security, and service provider perspectives. From the user viewpoint, the stored data creates a mirror of currently available local data. The backup feature allows users to recover any version of a previously stored data. Synchronization is the process of establishing consistency among the stored data. From the legal viewpoint, provisions regulating the user processing and storage of the data must have to be constant from when the data is stored in the cloud. The security viewpoint requires interaction with the Web application, data storage, and transmission. The service provider viewpoint requires the maximum level of cloud storage service at the minimum cost.
Managing the Cloud for Information Systems Agility
Authors: Yang Haibo , Huff Sid , Tate Mary
Published: December 2014

Change is endemic in modern business competition. In an age of globalization, with the rapid development of Internet technologies, changes occur at a much faster pace, and are also more unpredictable. Being agile in a turbulent environment has been ranked highly by executives in surveys of business issues conducted in past five years. Today nearly all organizations rely on information systems (IS) to operate. Agility in IS is critical in achieving overall agility in business. However, despite the interest from the practitioner community, IS agility (sometimes termed IT agility) in academia has received limited recognition and represents an under-researched area. The recent adoption of cloud computing services has presented a major change in the way IS are delivered, in the hope of creating more agile and responsive IS. However, whether or not cloud computing, as promised by the providers, increases IS agility, is still unclear. This research aims at providing a conceptualization of IS agility based on research to date, and examining how cloud computing might facilitate such agility. Based on a literature review, cloud computing services (IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS) are analyzed against multiple aspects of IS agility. Only IaaS is found to have the potential providing consistent agility, whereas agility at PaaS and SaaS levels is more determined by human/organization factors. Lastly, suggestions for businesses and directions to future research are proposed.
Novel Resource Allocation Algorithm for Energy-Efficient Cloud Computing in Heterogeneous Environment
Authors: Lin Wei-Wei , Tan Liang , Wang James Z.
Published: December 2014

Energy efficiency is one of the most important design considerations for a cloud data center. Recent approaches to the energy-efficient resource management for data centers usually model the problem as a bin packing problem with the goal of minimizing the number of physical machines (PMs) employed. However, minimizing the number of PMs may not necessarily minimize the energy consumption in a heterogeneous cloud environment. To address the problem, this paper models the resource allocation problem in a heterogeneous cloud data center as a constraint satisfaction problem (CSP). By solving this constraint satisfaction problem, an optimal resource allocation scheme, which includes a virtual machine provision algorithm and a virtual machine packing algorithm, is designed to minimize the energy consumption in a virtualized heterogeneous cloud data center. Performance studies show that this proposed new scheme outperforms the existing bin-packing based approaches in terms of energy consumption in heterogeneous cloud data centers.
Active Stabilization of Axial Position of Rotor in Electric Machine
Authors: Dymov Ilya , Kotin Denis
Published: December 2014

The article is devoted to the development of technical solutions centering the axis of rotation of the rotor of the electric motor during movement. Focuses on the problem of optimization of the axis of rotation of an electric machine rotor. The existing types of current unbalances of rotating part of electric machine and their causes are considered. It is specified that the methods used in practice balancing, do not meet the requirements of modern high-precision industries. A new solution to the problem of stabilization of the axial position of the rotating electric machine is suggested.
Applying of the Stator Rotation to Increase Controllability of AC Electrical Machines
Authors: Cheban Vladimir M. , Tolkatsky Roman A.
Published: December 2014

The article describes the results of studies in the area of applying electrical AC machine stator rotation in generator and traction mode. Especially it is concerning squirrel-cage motors. Also the article describes the results of studies in the area of applying stator rotation to decrease inrush currents of AC motors.
Problem Oriented Simulation of Heating Stage in Technological Chain for Metal Hot Forming
Authors: Pleshivtseva Yuliya , Korshikov Stepan , Makarov Evgenjj
Published: December 2014

Most high duty parts used in various fields of productions are forged parts made of steel. The conventional forging process chains include an induction heating systems and hot forming equipment. The large amount of consumed energy and an excess of material (flash) are the main factors motivating necessity to optimize the industrial technologies of metal hot forming. A significant economical effect can be achieved through optimization of heating modes and design parameters of induction heaters on the basis of modern optimal control theory for distributed parameters systems. The aim of the presented research is a problem-oriented simulation of induction heating stage in the forging chain. 2D ANSYS model provides FEM analysis of interrelated electromagnetic, temperature and thermal stress fields during induction heating of a steel cylindrical billet before its hot forming. The model has interface adapted to optimization procedures; it provides more options for variation of the heating system parameters or billet geometry and material properties, and for evaluating the process optimization abilities.
Phases Quantification in Duplex Stainless Steels Weldments
Authors: Breda M. , Ontiveros Vidal S.A. , Basoni Jacopo , Calliari Irene
Published: December 2014

Duplex Stainless Steels (DSS) are very attractive steels and their application is presently of increasing interest, especially as structural materials in aggressive environments. DSS are austeno-ferritic biphasic steels, having an austenite-to-ferrite phase ratio of about one, giving the best combination of mechanical and corrosion-resistance properties. However, these steels must be handled with extreme care, especially if thermal cycles are involved, owing to the formation of dangerous secondary compounds that highly worsen their excellent properties.The production of big pipes requires manufacturing welding operations on steel plates or sheets and the final products must satisfy specific requirements in terms of material properties. DSS approximately contain equal volume fraction of the phases that, in practice, cover a slightly wider range within 40/60 and 60/40. Therefore, since DSS properties depend on phase ratio, ferrite quantification on an industrial scale represents a topic of great interest, which must be as reliable as possible and, at the same time, quickly executable.The present paper gives a comparison of different methods currently employed for ferrite determination in DSS weldments, in order to understand the limits derived from the specific employed technique.
Mathematical Model of Brushless DC Motor in Phase Loss Operation Mode
Authors: Odnokopylov George , Bragin A.
Published: December 2014

A mathematical model of a three-phase brushless DC motor was developed for studying the phase loss mode and developing fault-tolerant algorithms. The motor model is obtained on the basis of a synchronous motor with rotor position feedback and is comprised of a matrix of failures. The adequacy of the developed model is shownby the comparative analysis of simulation results of the motor phase loss and experimental results received on the test bench with the functioning recovery algorithm.
Formation of Sintered “PN85Yu15 – Ni” Powder Composites by Using the SPS Method
Authors: Shevtsova Lilia , Anisimov Alexander , Nagavkin Sergey
Published: December 2014

PN85U15 - Ni composites were obtained by spark plasma sintering (SPS) of the powder mixture consisted of nickel and nickel aluminide. Particular attention in this study was focused on the discussion of the problem concerning the influence of the nickel content on mechanical properties of the sintered composites. The microstructure of the sintered materials consisted of spherical intermetallic particles homogeneously distributed in the nickel matrix. The relative density of all sintered materials was higher than 90 %. The hardness of the fabricated composites decreased from 3100 MPa (PN85U15 sintered powder) to 2500 MPa (70 % PN85U15 with 30 % Ni). It was found that the PN85U15 – Ni composite containing approximately 30 wt. % of Ni possessed the highest bending strength (1900 MPa).
Structure of the Steel Surface-Alloyed with Titanium, Vanadium and Carbon in the Process of Powder Welding by a High-Energy Electron Beam
Authors: Mul Daria , Martyushev Nikita , Terentyev Dmitry
Published: December 2014

Structural investigations of steel surface layers alloyed with vanadium, titanium and graphite were carried out using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis methods. Coatings were obtained by high-energy electron beam treatment. The titanium – vanadium ratio in initial powder mixtures was as 2:1, 1:1 and 1:2. TiC, a-Fe (ferrite), eutectic consisted of VC and a-Fe were the main structural components of the coating: With an increase of vanadium content shapeless TiC particles turned into dendritic; tertiary dendritic arms consisted of VC. In addition, it also resulted in an increase of carbide particle sizes. The volume fraction of strengthening particles in all coatings was approximately identical (18 %).
Increase of NaNO3 Electrolyte Reaction Capability by Laser Irradiation for Electrochemical Machining
Authors: Gaar Nadezda , Zhuravlev Anatoly , Loktionov Alexander
Published: December 2014

Specific features of electrochemical dissolving of 12X18H9T stainless steel, OT-4 titanium alloy and BK8 hard alloy in the sodium nitrate water solution exposed to 1.06 micrometer wavelength laser irradiation are considered. It is found that the main mechanism of activating the dissolving process is to increase the reactivity of the electrolyte by stepwise photoactivation.
Mechanical Alloying of Hard Magnetic Materials with Samarium
Authors: Popovich Anatoly A. , Razumov Nikolay G. , Verevkin Aleksandr S.
Published: December 2014

The effect of the mechanical alloying and nitriding time on the structure and properties of Sm-Fe-N alloys were studied in the course of the research. The influence of alloying elements (nitrogen, titanium, molybdenum) on the Curie temperature was investigated. It was revealed that the introduction of alloying elements leads to obtaining a homogeneous structure, an uniform distribution of particles, crystal lattice distortion and increasing the Curie temperature (up to 540-550 °C).
Power Characteristics of the Vibration Isolators
Authors: Gurova Elena G. , Gurov Michail G. , Ivanov V.V.
Published: December 2014

This paper presents the electromagnetic traction characteristics of the vibration isolator rigidity compensator. When defining power, positioning characteristics against each axis should be taken into account. The equation was derived to describe the characteristics of each axis based on rigidity.
Enhancement of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain Performance
Authors: Schurov N.I. , Yaroslavtsev M.V. , Strelnikova D.M.
Published: December 2014

The article deals with the selection of optimal parameters of hybrid electric vehicle power sources. Construction of a hybrid electric vehicle with buffer energy storage based on double electric layer capacitors considers choosing minimal sufficient capacity of the storage.Required buffer storage capacity depends on the vehicle’s driving cycle. If it moves in cycle with the average power (the ratio of energy consumption to the duration of the cycle) higher than power of primary energy source, it means that missing energy would be drawn from the buffer storage and long-time moving in this cycle would discharge it. To avoid the case, the power of primary source and the capacity of buffer storage should be chosen in coordination.In the article the primary source power ensuring any driving cycle implementation with minimal storage capacity is calculated. It may be further reduced taking into account real driving cycles. A technique of selecting the combination of primary source power and buffer storage capacity based on numerical modeling of energy consuming process is proposed.
Creep Inverse Problem of the Power Reactor Fuel Assembly Elements Contact Interaction
Authors: Gusev Michail , Danilov Vladimir
Published: December 2014

Creep inverse task solution for parameters identification of Zr1Nb alloy creep law is considered. Zr1Nb alloy is commonly used as a structural material for power reactor core elements. Strength and reliability justification of the fuel assembly (FA) components, manufactured from Zr1Nb alloy, requires the knowledge of the relationship between the intensity of creep strain rate, temperature and stress intensity. However, FA elements analyses performed using the known coefficients for the Zr1Nb alloy creep law, are not consistent with the experimental data. In this paper the results of parameters identification Zr1Nb alloy creep law are shown. The results are obtained using the numerical and experimental investigations of contact interaction between fuel rod and spacer grid cell. Numerical experiments, performed using verified creep law, are close to the experimental data. The results of this research can be used for a wide spectrum of thermal strength calculations of FA elements manufactured from Zr1Nb alloy.
Optimal Power Distribution among Hydropower Units Taking into Account Head Loss in Units’ Trash Screens
Authors: Glazyrin Gleb , Tverdokhlebov Nikolay , Kazantsev Yury
Published: December 2014

As is known, the importance of renewable energy sources is rapidly growing. The paper addresses one of the important issues paying attention to the optimization of hydropower plant units’ regimens. Considering the unit operating characteristics as unequal at different head levels, the authors propose to take into account the real head of water column for each unit to define the actual performance specifications. Further, this information can be utilized in the optimization process to minimize water expenditure at hydropower plant. The authors have derived the objective function and the restrictions related to the process of real power production. Then, they have proposed a new optimization algorithm instead of traditional ones, assuming that it has advantages in speed and simplicity. The block diagrams of the proposed algorithm as well as the necessary and sufficient explanations have been presented. As a final point, the results of conducted tests and conclusion indicate that the algorithm solves the problem satisfactorily. It could be integrated into the group power control system to perform operations at a hydropower plant in an effective way.
Calculation Methodology Determining Reliability of the Thermal Power Station Electrical Facilities
Authors: Evdokimov Sergey A. , Karandaeva Olga I. , Kondrashova Yulia N.
Published: December 2014

It is noticed that introduction of frequency convertors has an adverse effect on the reliability indexes of the critical equipment of the thermal power station. The paper considers the method for calculation reliability based on the logical-and-probabilistic method with the following expert estimation of the entity technical state. Examples of the developed structural models of the power station’s reliability and its separate units as fault trees are provided. Based on the results of expert evaluation of the equipment fault occurrence intervals before and after introduction of the frequency convertors, average times to failure have been calculated. The paper also gives recommendations for providing reliability of the essential auxiliaries’ electric drives at the introduction of the frequency convertors.
PODODERMATITE PLASMOCITÁRIA FELINA
Authors: Gruchouskei Leonardo , Viott Aline De Marco , Santana Rodrigo , Giraldes Fernando França , Tostes Raimundo Alberto
Published: December 2014

A pododermatite plasmocitária fekina é uma doença rara de pele, cuja etiologia é desconhecida. este artigo relata o caso de um felino, fêmea de três anos de idade com sinais clínicos específicos de pododermatite plasmocitária. A biópsia foi analisada no laboratório de patologia veterinária da UFPR - campus Palotina. Ao exame histopatológico observou-se a presença de uma ulcera com intenso infiltrado inflamatório composto principalmente por plasmócitos, neutrófilos, células de Mott e a presença de corpúsculos de Russell. Após o diagnostico o tratamento foi estabelecido com prednisona sem resultados. O veterinário optou então pelo tratamento cirúrgico com crioterapia. Até agora, um ano após o diagnóstico, o animal não mostrou recorrência dos sinais clínicos.
PADRONIZAÇÃO DO EXAME TERMOGRÁFICO NAS ARTICULAÇÕES DO CARPO E MATACARPOFALANGEANAS DE CAVALOS EM TREINAMENTO
Authors: Silva machado Luis Fagner , Locatelli Dittrich Rosangela , Pavelski Mariana , Moser Coelho da Fonseca Afonso Amanda , Deconto Ivan , Triches Dornbusch Peterson
Published: December 2014

A termografia é um exame por imagem que consiste em captar as radiações térmicas emitidas por um corpo ou objeto e as transformar num mapa térmico da temperatura superficial dos mesmos. Por ser uma técnica recente em medicina veterinária, e não existirem valores de referência quanto à temperatura de estruturas anatômicas e temperatura ambiente, seu uso é limitado. Como objetivo de determinar os valores de referência para temperatura da articulação do carpo e metacarpofalangeana do membro torácico direito (MTD), foram utilizados 45 equinos em treinamento da raça crioula, sadios, a temperatura foi aferida em dois períodos do dia (manhã e tarde). Foram também avaliados a correlação da variação da temperatura ambiente com as temperaturas da articulação do carpo MTD e MTE e a comparação da temperatura média das articulações metacarpofalangeana (MTD e MTE) articulação do carpo (MTD e MTE). As temperaturas para a articulação do carpo e articulação metacarpofalangeana apresentaram diferenças com a variação da temperatura ambiente. A comparação da temperatura média das articulações não demonstrou diferença significativa entre as temperaturas.
CONTRIBUIÇÃO PARA O ESTUDO DA RESISTÊNCIA DE HELMINTOS GASTROINTESTINAIS DE OVINOS (Ovis aries) A ANTI-HELMÍNTICOS, NO ESTADO DO PARANÁ
Authors: SOUZA FELIPE POHL
Published: December 2014

Utilizando-se o teste de redução de ovos por grama de fezes, foi realizado um levantamento da situação da resistência dos helmintos gastrointestinais de ovinos (Ovis ories) frente a antihelmínticos. Os testes foram realizados em 5 regiões climáticas do Estado do Paraná, trabalhando-se com infecções naturais a nível de campo. Nos testes foram utilizados 10 princípios ativos e 3 associações, abrangendo os 3 principais grupos químicos dos antihelmínticos de amplo espectro (benzimidazóis, imidazotiazóis e avermectinas) e o closantel, como droga de espectro reduzido. Adotando-se o critério de eficácia superior a 90%, a resistência está presente em 92,3% dos rebanhos testados para o oxfendazol, em 80% para o levamisol, em 85,7% para o tetramisol, em 91,3% para o ivermectin, em 30,8% para o moxidectin, em 85,8% para o closantel, e em 87,5% para as associações tetramisol + disofenol e oxfendazol + closantel. Os outros tratamentos propostos (albendazol, fenbendazol, abamectin, doramectin e oxfendazol + ivermectin) apresentaram 100% de resistência nos rebanhos testados. A resistência múltipla está presente em todos os rebanhos analisados, chamando a atenção para a possibilidade de falência do controle químico das parasitoses gastrointestinais em ovinos no Estado do Paraná. Para minorar esta situação, algumas medidas são sugeridas no presente trabalho, sendo que a mudança de atitudes por parte de ovinocultores, médicos veterinários e autoridades sanitárias do Estado é fundamental para o futuro da ovinocultura paranaense.
PURIFICAÇÃO, CARACTERÍSTICAS CINÉTICAS E ISOENZIMAS DA LACTATO DESIDROGENASE (L-Lactato: NAD+ oxidorredutase, E.C.1.1.1.26) DO MÚSCULO EPAXIAL DE CURIBAMTÁ, Prochílodus scropha, STEINDACHNER, 1881, E DE Notothenia neglecta (PISCES, TELEOSTEI)
Authors: CARVALHO CLEONI DOS SANTOS
Published: December 2014

Foi realizado estudo comparativo de purificação, propriedades cinéticas e distribuição tecidual de lactato desidrogenase (L-Lactato: NAD+ oxidorredutase, E.C.1.1.1.27) de músculo epaxial de peixes, Prochilodus scropha, uma espécie tropical e Notothenia neglecta, uma espécie antártica. A purificação da LDH foi levada a efeito em cromatografia por afinidade de oxamato-agarose, tendo sido possível obter valores satisfatórios de purificação. Para o estudo cinético, a LDH foi purificada por precipitação com sulfato de amônio a 70%, centrifugada e dialisada. A LDH apresenta pH ótimo em torno de 6,5 a 7,5 e 6,6 a 7,0, para P. scropha e N. neglecta, respectivamente. A energia de ativação foi de 7.591 e 6.567 ca/mol para P. scropha e N. neglecta, respectivamente. O estudo do efeito da temperatura sobre o KM da LDH para o piruvato foram os seguintes para LDH de P. scropha : 0,09mM, 0,13mM e 0,13mM de piruvato a 10°C, 20°C e 30°C, respectivamente; para LDH de N. neglecta: os valores de KM em diferentes temperaturas foram: 0,24mM, 0,31mM e 0,33mM de piruvato a 10°C, 20°C e 30°C, respectivamente. O efeito do pH nos valores de KM de ambas as preparações de LDH foram os seguintes: para LDH de P. scropha: 0,048mM, 0,046mM e 0,144mM de piruvato em pH 6,0, 7,0 e 8,0, respectivamente; para LDH de N. neglecta: os valores de KM nos diferentes pH foram os seguintes: 0,044mM, 0,153mM e 0,277mM de piruvato em pH 6,0, 7,0 e 8,0, respectivamente; Ambas as preparações de LDH foram sensíveis quando incubadas a altas temperaturas. Incubação por 30 minutos a 50°C causou acentuada inativação da LDH de ambas as fontes. Com relação aos inibidores, o oxalato atua como inibidor não competitivo tanto para LDH de P. scropha como para LDH de N. neglecta. Por outro lado, oxamato aparenta ser inibidor incompetitivo para ambas as preparações de LDH. O APAD - 3- acetilpiridina adenina dinucleotídeo, é um potente inibidor das preparações de LDH, sendo a LDH de N. neglecta mais sensível do que a LDH de P. scropha. O perfil eletroforético de ambas as preparações mostrou, em acetato celulose, uma única faixa de proteína. Entretanto, em tampão barbital, pH 8,6, a LDH de P. scropha migra para o cátodo enquanto que a LDH de N. neglecta migra para o ânodo.
BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE IN DOGS AND CATS UNDER DIFFERENT FEEDING DIETS
Authors: GONZÁLEZ F.H.D. , CARVALHO V. , MÖLLER V. , DUARTE F.R.
Published: December 2014

Foram determinados os parâmetros de bioquímica sanguínea em 50 cães e 25 gatos sadios submetidos a três regimes alimentares: ração comercial, comida caseira e alimentação mista (ração e caseira). Os cães e os gatos alimentados com regime misto apresentaram níveis sanguíneos elevados de glicose e de colesterol, sugerindo um consumo de alimentos calóricos acima dos requerimentos e um maior risco de obesidade. A ingestão de proteínas na alimentação caseira parece ser restrita, considerando-se as baixas concentrações de albumina e/ou uréia sanguíneas nos cães e nos gatos. Baixos teores de cálcio foram encontrados nos cães de alimentação não concentrada. Os gatos com alimentação caseira podem estar consumindo quantidades baixas de minerais revelado pelos menores teores sanguíneos de cálcio, fósforo e magnésio. Abstract The aim of the present work was to carry out a study on the variation of the blood chemistry constituents of dogs and cats subjected to different feeding diets. Blood samples from 50 healthy dogs and 25 cats were used to study the effect of feeding diets with commercial ration, homemade or mixed (concentrate and homemade) on their blood biochemical profile. Both, dogs and cats, fed with mixed rations showed higher glucose and cholesterol blood levels, which could be suggestive of a high caloric intake and a risk of obesity. Intake of proteins in animals with homemade feed seems to be low considering concentrations of plasma albumin and/or urea in dogs and cats. Low levels of calcium were found in dogs with non-concentrated feed. Cats with homemade feed could have low intake of minerals considering the lower levels of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium observed.
Review Authorized Biography Angela Merkel
Authors: Oprel Marieke
Published: December 2014

With Angela Merkel favoured to win the German election again, several political books about the German chancellor were published during 2013. Both in Germany and abroad, observers puzzled over the reasons for the on-going success of Mrs. Merkel, the scientist from East Berlin who became an internationally honoured stateswoman. One book stood out because of the label ‘authorized biography’ on the cover: Angela Merkel. The Chancellor and her world, written by Stefan Kornelius. Whether Merkel asked Kornelius, head of the international section of the Süddeutsche Zeitung, to write a book about her political career and vision, or just commented and approved a book Kornelius had written independently, is not mentioned. However, the fact is that Kornelius’ book is the first biography for which Merkel gave her consent. The question is: what new light does this authorized biography shed on the person behind the politician? This article was first published in EJLW on 14 October 2014.
Narratives of Survival and the Politics of Memory
Authors: Skultans Vieda
Published: December 2014

Narratives of survival illustrate a number of converging theoretical issues of importance for life-history writing. On the one hand, personal memory strives for connection with shared structures of thought: little stories seek to attach themselves to big stories. On the other hand, nation building shapes personal memory to serve its political grand narratives. In the interstitial space room must be found for the articulation of the experience of little individuals.
A Educação Ambiental como Objeto de Estudos nos Programas Stricto Sensu em Turismo no Brasil (período 1997 – 2011)
Authors: Denicol Maria Salete Goulart Martins , De Conto Suzana Maria
Published: December 2014

A Educação Ambiental (EA) é uma importante ferramenta para o desenvolvimento do turismo sustentável, sendo utilizada na sensibilização das pessoas sobre a minimização dos impactos ambientais, decorrentes do uso de recursos naturais nas atividades turísticas. Nessa perspectiva, estudos sobre a EA nos Programas de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Turismo, no Brasil, parecem ser importantes e necessários para identificar tendências e lacunas no processo de produção de conhecimento. O objetivo de estudo é mapear como a Educação Ambiental é contemplada na produção do conhecimento nas dissertações desses Programas, reconhecidos e recomendados pela Capes no período de 1997 a 2011. A pesquisa é de caráter descritivo e analisa as dissertações (que contemplam na investigação a Educação Ambiental), constantes no Banco de Teses da Capes. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que, dos seis Programas de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Turismo no Brasil, apenas cinco dissertações (duas do Programa de Mestrado em Turismo e Hotelaria, da Universidade do Vale do Itajaí e três do Programa de Mestrado em Turismo da Universidade de Caxias do Sul) contemplam a educação ambiental como objeto de estudo.
Passage of a Sigmoid Colon Cast in a Patient With Ischemic Colitis
Authors: Abe Shinya , Yamaguchi Hironori , Murono Koji , Kanazawa Takamitsu , Ishihara Souichirou , Sunami Eiji , Watanabe Toshiaki
Published: December 2014

Colon cast passage, which is the spontaneous passage of a full-thickness, infarcted colonic segment per rectum, is a rare occurrence. The main cause is acute ischemic colitis resulting from a circulation compromise. Most of the colon cast cases reported were secondary to abdominal aortic aneurysm repairs or colorectal surgery. We report a case of an 80-year-old woman with ischemic colitis who excreted a 20-cm colon cast. In most cases that involve a colon cast containing a muscle layer component, invasive therapy is required owing to colonic obstruction or stenosis. However, in the present case, the colon cast consisted only of a mucosa layer and was not associated with severe stenosis or obstruction; therefore, it was successfully treated by conservative therapy. Histologic examination of the colon segment may be crucial in determining the appropriate treatment.
Dam‐triggered organic carbon sequestration makes the Changjiang (Yangtze) river basin (China) a significant carbon sink
Authors: Li Gen , Wang Xingchen T. , Yang Zhongfang , Mao Changping , West A. Joshua , Ji Junfeng
Published: December 2014

Worldwide dam building in large river basins has substantially altered the carbon cycle by trapping much of the riverine transported particulate organic carbon (POC) in terrestrial reservoirs. Here we take the Changjiang (Yangtze) River basin, in which ~50,000 dams were built over the past 50 years, as an example to evaluate the effect of dam building on POC sequestration. We report the characteristics (elemental composition, radiocarbon and stable carbon isotopic compositions, and Raman spectra) of bulk POC in the lower Changjiang from October 2007 to September 2008, and we estimate the POC sequestration induced by dam building since the 1950s for the Changjiang Basin. Using radiocarbon measurements, we quantify the fraction of biospheric POC (POCbio) and petrogenic POC (POCpetro) in Changjiang POC. Over the study period, around 25% of the Changjiang POC is radiocarbon‐dead POCpetro; the remaining is POCbio with a mean radiocarbon age of ~3.5 kyr. Studies on the East China Sea (ECS) shelf along with an oxidation experiment suggest that, prior to dam building, the Changjiang POCbio was significantly oxidized in the ECS margin. In contrast, high preservation of POC is observed in Changjiang reservoirs. Combining our POC data with hydrometric data sets, our study indicates that, over the past five decades, dam building may have largely shifted the Changjiang POC burial site from the ECS margin to terrestrial reservoirs. This shift in burial site preserved labile POCbio that would have been oxidized, suggesting a new temporary carbon sink. We estimate that dam building in the Changjiang has sequestered ~4.9 ± 1.9 megatons POCbio every year since 2003, approximately 10% of the global riverine POC burial flux to the oceans.
Utility of intraoperative cytology of resection margins in biliary tract and pancreas tumors
Authors: Tone Kiyoshi , Kojima Keiko , Hoshiai Keita , Kijima Hiroshi , Kurose Akira
Published: December 2014

Background

Intraoperative diagnosis of resection margins in the biliary tract and pancreas tumors is important in deciding extent of resection; however, diagnosis based solely on frozen sections is sometimes difficult. Therefore, we investigated the usefulness of intraoperative cytology (IC) combined with frozen section (FS) histology. We present the results with a discussion of the value of this combination and its associated problems.

Methods

We examined 80 bile duct resection margin specimens from 42 patients, and 34 pancreatic resection margin specimens from 29 patients, who underwent intraoperative diagnosis of resection margins during surgery for biliary tract or pancreatic tumors between October 2012 and January 2014. IC was performed on imprint specimens prepared from surfaces of margins being examined. The results were compared with FS and final histology of operative materials.

Results

In IC, excluding cases with insufficient material, the results for bile duct margins; sensitivity was 96.7%, specificity 100% and accuracy 98.7%. The results for pancreatic margins; sensitivity was 100%, specificity 92.9%, and accuracy 93.3%. In FS, the results for bile duct margins; sensitivity was 96.8%, specificity 100%, and accuracy 98.8%. The results for pancreatic margins; sensitivity was 66.7%, specificity 100%, and accuracy 97.1%.

Conclusion

IC is quick, highly accurate and very easy to perform. This study even included a specimen for which only IC led to an accurate diagnosis. IC used in combination with FS can achieve intraoperative diagnosis with high overall accuracy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:366–373. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The neglected tool in the Bayesian ecologist's shed: a case study testing informative priors' effect on model accuracy
Authors: Morris William K. , Vesk Peter A. , McCarthy Michael A. , Bunyavejchewin Sarayudh , Baker Patrick J.
Published: December 2014

Despite benefits for precision, ecologists rarely use informative priors. One reason that ecologists may prefer vague priors is the perception that informative priors reduce accuracy. To date, no ecological study has empirically evaluated data‐derived informative priors' effects on precision and accuracy. To determine the impacts of priors, we evaluated mortality models for tree species using data from a forest dynamics plot in Thailand. Half the models used vague priors, and the remaining half had informative priors. We found precision was greater when using informative priors, but effects on accuracy were more variable. In some cases, prior information improved accuracy, while in others, it was reduced. On average, models with informative priors were no more or less accurate than models without. Our analyses provide a detailed case study on the simultaneous effect of prior information on precision and accuracy and demonstrate that when priors are specified appropriately, they lead to greater precision without systematically reducing model accuracy.
Caregiver burden characterization in patients with Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia
Authors: D'Onofrio Grazia , Sancarlo Daniele , Addante Filomena , Ciccone Filomena , Cascavilla Leandro , Paris Francesco , Picoco Michele , Nuzzaci Claudia , Elia Anna Chiara , Greco Antonio , Chiarini Ramona , Panza Francesco , Pilotto Alberto
Published: December 2014

Objective

To characterize the differences of caregiver burden in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) in order to improve the care counselling and management plan.

Methods

We included 506 patients consecutively attending the Alzheimer's Evaluation Unit of a Geriatric Unit, evaluated with Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, and Neuropsychiatric Inventory. To all caregivers were administered the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI), a 24‐item multidimensional questionnaire in which 5 subscales explore 5 dimensions of caregiver burden: (1) CBI‐Objective; (2) CBI‐Developmental; (3) CBI‐Physical; (4) CBI‐Social; and (5) CBI‐Emotional.

Results

The present study included, respectively, 253 AD patients and 253 VaD patients. AD patients at baseline showed a significantly higher instruction level (p < .0001), higher grade of cognitive impairment (MMSE, p < .0001), and increased severity stage of dementia (CDR, p < .0001) than VaD patients. AD caregivers, mainly females (p = 0.010), devoted significantly more length of time care (in months, p = 0.010) and time of daily care (in hours, p = 0.011) and showed a significantly higher burden level in CBI‐Objective (p = 0.047), CBI‐Physical (p < .0001), CBI‐Social (p = 0.003), CBI‐Emotional (p < .0001), and CBI‐total score (p < .0001), than VaD caregivers. In both caregiver groups, a higher presence of spouses and sons (p < .0001) compared to other relatives was observed. AD caregiver burden showed a significant association with sex of caregivers and length of time care in months.

Conclusions

AD caregivers showed a higher burden level than VaD caregivers, and this appeared to be associated with sex and length of time care. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Land Redistribution and Zero Hunger Programs: Can South Africa Reap a Triple Dividend?
Authors: Chitonge Horman
Published: December 2014

This article looks at land reform in the context of the Zero Hunger Program (ZHP) in South Africa, focusing on the potential for reducing hunger and food insecurity among smallholder and subsistence rural households. Examples and experiences from Brazil, Malawi, and Zambia, together with data from a South African case study of smallholder and subsistence farmers, are presented to illustrate the potential that an integrated approach to land reform can generate in addressing not just hunger in food‐insecure households, but also issues of equity in asset ownership and access to opportunities, as well as creating an environmentally and socially sustainable society. But there are certain conditions that should be fulfilled if this potential is to be realized.
Patient Education for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Analysis of Readability
Authors: Eberlin Kyle R. , Vargas Christina R. , Chuang Danielle J. , Lee Bernard T.
Published: December 2014

Background

The National Institutes of Health and American Medical Association recommend a sixth grade reading level for patient-directed content. This study aims to quantitatively evaluate the readability of the most commonly used resources for surgical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome.

Methods

A web search for “carpal tunnel surgery” was performed using an Internet search engine, and the 13 most popular sites were identified. Relevant, patient-directed articles immediately accessible from the main site were downloaded and formatted into plain text. A total of 102 articles were assessed for readability using ten established analyses: first overall, then by website for comparison.

Results

Patient information about carpal tunnel surgery had an overall average reading level of 13.1. Secondary analysis by website revealed a range of mean readability from 10.8 (high school sophomore level) to 15.3 (university junior level). All sites exceeded the recommended sixth grade reading level.

Conclusions

Online patient resources for carpal tunnel surgery uniformly exceed the recommended reading level. These are too difficult to be understood by a large portion of American adults. A better understanding of readability may be useful in tailoring more appropriate resources for average patient literacy.
Thoracic spinal meningioma in a child with Down syndrome
Authors: Jaber Ayham J. , Alkhani Ahmed M.
Published: December 2014

Down syndrome is the most common genetic chromosomal disorder and occurs in one out of every 700 newborns. It is well-established that individuals with Down syndrome exhibit a unique tumor profile. These individuals are predisposed to certain neoplasms, such as leukemia and other hematological malignancies. However, solid tumors are exceptionally rare. Central nervous system (CNS) tumors in individuals with Down syndrome have been re-ported in only a small number of case reports. The majority of these tumors are gliomas and germ cell tumors. Meningiomas have yet to be reported in Down syndrome. We report the first case of a meningioma tumor in an individual with Down syndrome. We present a case of spinal meningioma in a 14-year-old boy with Down syndrome.
Usefulness of three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging to detect inner-ear abnormalities in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Tanigawa T , Shibata R , Tanaka H , Gosho M , Katahira N , Horibe Y , Nakao Y , Ueda H
Published: December 2014

Objective:

Three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging has been used to detect alterations in the composition of inner-ear fluid. This study investigated the association between hearing level and the signal intensity of pre- and post-contrast three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging in patients with sudden-onset sensorineural hearing loss.

Method:

Three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 18 patients with sudden-onset sensorineural hearing loss: 12 patients with mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss (baseline hearing levels of 60 dB or less) and 6 patients with severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss (baseline hearing levels of more than 60 dB).

Results:

High-intensity signals in the inner ear were observed in two of the six patients (33 per cent) with severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss, but not in those with mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss (mid-p test, p = 0.049). These signals were observed on magnetic resonance imaging scans 6 or 18 days after sensorineural hearing loss onset.

Conclusion:

The results indicate that three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging is not a useful tool for detecting inner-ear abnormalities in patients with mild sensorineural hearing loss.
A memetic algorithm approach for solving the task-based configuration optimization problem in serial modular and reconfigurable robots
Authors: Tabandeh Saleh , Melek William , Biglarbegian Mohammad , Won Seong-hoon Peter , Clark Chris
Published: December 2014

This paper presents a novel configuration optimization method for multi degree-of-freedom modular reconfigurable robots (MRR) using a memetic algorithm (MA) that combines genetic algorithms (GAs) and a local search method. The proposed method generates multiple solutions to the inverse kinematics (IK) problem for any given spatial task and the MA chooses the most suitable configuration based on the search objectives. Since the dimension of each robotic link in this optimization is considered telescopic, the proposed method is able to find better solutions to the IK problem than GAs. The case study for a 3-DOF MRR shows that the MA finds solutions to the IK problem much faster than a GA with noticeably less reachability error. Additional case studies show that the proposed MA method can find multiple IK solutions in various scenarios and identify the fittest solution as a suboptimal configuration for the MRR.
2013–2014 — a view from Greece
Authors: Morgan Catherine
Published: December 2014

While much of the news reported from Greece continues to focus on the harsh realities of continuing financial crisis, it is a pleasure to publicize the strength and diversity of archaeological research, and the major developments which continue to make Greece's sites and museums ever more attractive and accessible to visitors whatever their interests. This has been an exciting year, not least thanks to the Greek presidency of the Council of the European Union which has put culture in all forms under the spotlight (the exhibition Greece's Europe. Colonies and Coinage from the Alpha Bank Collection at the Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki was but one of the commemorative events held in Greece). Further new discoveries through the summer of 2014 continue to tantalize, as we will observe presently.
Method in the archaeology of Greece
Authors: Archibald Zosia
Published: December 2014

Discussions of method, of the different ways in which we may try and answer research questions, are perhaps rarer in the historiography of ancient Greece than discussions of theory. Theory has, quite rightly, played a significant role in historiography, but the comparative unimportance of method is rather mysterious. Methods are central to archaeology because a researcher has to make choices, from the very start of a project, about which methods will be the most appropriate for delivering answers to the chosen research questions. The archaeological journal Antiquity has a special section on Method. The content of that section may seem to be rather more technical than the kinds of methods I want to consider here. Nevertheless, all discussions of method, or methodology, help to give substance to theory; they help us to make clearer the connections between evidence and theory. Stewart's paper, in this issue of AG, offers a series of reflections on the values and limitations of survey methods. Archaeologists are conscious of the fact that different methods produce different results. This can sometimes be perplexing for historians, as I discuss further below. Method refers not just to the ways in which we go about a particular research project. It also applies to the broad perspectives within which we do research. Catherine Morgan's report on the work of the BSA in 2013–2014 draws together the many new strands that are connecting people and places of the past, but also contemporary preoccupations with environments, societies and their habits in the recent past.
Recent epigraphic research in central Greece: Boeotia
Authors: Marchand Fabienne
Published: December 2014

The past ten years have been particularly prolific for research in Boeotian epigraphy: excavations and museum work carried out by the ephoreias, along with the activities of international projects such as the Boeotia Project, have yielded many exciting new documents and generated a very dynamic scholarly production. Epigraphy is therefore particularly well served in Boeotia, as the prominent place given to inscriptions in the recently refurbished museums of Chaironeia and, in particularly, Schimatari — and, no doubt, in the future new museum of Thebes too — exemplifies further. The present synopsis cannot cover the entirety of scholarship produced over the past ten years, but it is hoped that it provides a fair overview. Instead of a geographical approach, a thematic arrangement has been preferred.
The impact of populist radical right parties on foreign policy: the Northern League as a junior coalition partner in the Berlusconi Governments
Authors: Verbeek Bertjan , Zaslove Andrej
Published: December 2014

Despite the populist radical right’s (PRR) popularity among political scientists, little scholarship has focused on its influence on foreign policy. This lack of study is due, in part, to a general lack of attention to the role of political parties in foreign policy, both in comparative politics and international relations (IR). This is unfortunate because, due to Europeanization and globalization, the domain of foreign policy has expanded, making foreign policy increasingly a domestic concern and, most importantly, touching on major themes of PRR parties. Combining insights from comparative politics and IR, we theorize the mechanisms, which may facilitate the impact of such parties on foreign policy. Subsequently, we examine whether the Italian Northern League (LN), as a prime example of a PRR party participating in a coalition government, has had an impact on Italy’s foreign policy and, if so, what accounts for this (lack of) influence. This paper concludes that, unlike common understanding, the PRR is not persistently anti-internationalist/anti-EU; rather, its position depends on the extent to which international politics helps or hinders the promotion of ‘the people’. Second, despite the LN’s strong coalition position, it pursued an effective foreign policy mainly regarding immigration policy. Third, IR theories of junior coalition partners and foreign policy should address the nature of the party system and how inter-party electoral competition affects the strength of a junior coalition partner. Fourth, these theories need to acknowledge that party preferences are sometimes trumped by national concerns, as suggested by more systemic IR theories.