bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Practices of self-tracking in infertility treatment: How bodily awareness is constituted
Authors: Matilde Lykkebo Petersen  , Martina Skrubbeltrang Mahnke  , Mikka Nielsen
Published: July 2022

Background: The femtech industry has grown extensively in recent years and in infertility treatment, the practice of digitally self-tracking menstrual cycles has become a popular way for patients to manage, monitor and deal with issues of fertility. Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate how patients’ self-tracking practices affect bodily awareness. Methods: The study draws on 20 qualitative interviews with 12 patients, recruited through a private clinic in Copenhagen, Denmark. Interviewees were selected based on the criteria: age, treatment type and length, and engagement in self-tracking practices. All interview material was thematically coded. Findings: The analysis results in three main themes: 1) self-tracking as a tool for knowledge creation and planning purposes, 2) self-tracking as body-awareness maximizing process, and 3) self-tracking as a professional and emotional process. Discussion: Through self-tracking practices, the menstrual cycle becomes a multiple object, interpreted and acted upon in diverse ways – all of which, however, aim to optimize conditions for conception. Conclusions: Self-tracking in infertility treatment affects bodily awareness in three distinctive ways: 1) it creates emotional ambivalence, 2) it places patients in an ambivalent position towards health professionals, and 3) it creates ambivalence towards patients’ understanding of the menstrual cycle.
Viedo LED apgaismojuma sistēmu izpēte un izstrāde
Authors: Avotiņš Ansis
Published: July 2022

Promocijas darbā aprakstīti apgaismojuma kvalitātes novērtēšanas galvenie parametri un izveidots dažādu gaismas avotu gaismas atdeves efektivitātes salīdzinājums, izstrādājot trīs LED ielu gaismekļus, analizējot gaismekļu gaismas atdevi un LED barošanas bloku lietderību. Izveidota ielu apgaismojuma sistēmu klasifikācija. Jaunās izstrādātās apgaismojuma sistēmas eksperimentāli pārbaudītas reālos apstākļos vairākās testa vietās. Rezultātā izstrādāts apgaismes sistēmas un LED gaismekļu vadības algoritms, kas ir adaptīvs satiksmes intensitātei, izmantojot kustības sensoru datus un dinamiski pārrēķinot nepieciešamo apgaismes klasi, tā panākot maksimālu energoefektivitāti un nodrošinot nepieciešamo satiksmes drošību.
Mineral extraction tax: place and role in the Tax System of the Russian Federation
Authors: Izmailova Mariya Olegovna
Published: July 2022

Currently, the problems of taxation of mineral extraction in the Russian Federation are very relevant, which is due not only to the formation of the monetary fund of the state, designed to finance the solution of various national tasks, but also to the rational use of natural resources. The mineral extraction tax (MET) is systemically important from the standpoint of the formation of tax revenues of the budget system of the Russian Federation. The industry specifics of the Russian economy, the predominance of extractive industries in GDP, and ensuring the profitability of the activities of extractive companies determine the significant attention of the state, business, and science to the issues of collection, administration, distribution, and reform of the mineral extraction tax. The subject of the study is the MET in the tax system of the Russian Federation. The methodological basis of the research consists of analysis, synthesis, ascent from the abstract to the particular, logical and historical methods, as well as other general scientific methods. The place and role of the MET in the tax system of the Russian Federation are considered, the place of this tax in the system of payments for the use of natural resources levied on the territory of our country is determined. Based on the statistical reports of the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation, it has been established that the receipts of mineral extraction tax are steadily increasing from year to year. This trend is due to an increase in the production of such types of hydrocarbon raw materials as oil, natural gas and gas condensate. It is determined that the contribution of the subjects of the Russian Federation to the formation of the monetary fund of the country is unequal, due to the difference in the mineral resource base in the regions. It is shown that in the coming decades Russia has a powerful potential to increase the tax revenues of the budget system through taxation of hydrocarbon production. The problems of taxation of mineral extraction in Russia are highlighted. The author comes to the conclusion that the budget system of the Russian Federation has a significant tax potential in the field of taxation of natural resources extraction, provided that favorable conditions for doing business are created.
Taxation of trade: current state, problems and prospects
Authors: Savchenko Alina Alekseevna
Published: July 2022

In the modern world, the sphere of trade is one of the dominant spheres of economic activity. The subject of the study is the peculiarities of taxation of wholesale and retail trade entities, as well as the problems arising from these features. Despite the development of the industry in terms of taxation, there are problematic issues that are worth paying attention to for the further development and improvement of not only the taxation of a particular industry, but also the entire taxation system, as well as the stimulation and development of the industry by organizations. The research methodology consists of analysis, synthesis, deduction and modeling, tabular and graphical methods of data visualization. As a result of consideration of the main features of taxation of the trade industry, the main goal of the work was achieved – problems were identified and ways of improvement that can be applied in practice were proposed. In the author's research, several elements of novelty and practical significance can be identified: the systemic features of taxation of economic entities in the field of trade are identified and formulated based on the analysis of scientific literature and regulatory acts; the problems of taxation when trading with gift certificates, when applying discounts and margins are identified; directions for improving the taxation of trading companies aimed at concretization are proposed tax legislation and minimization of tax risks of all participants in tax legal relations.
Digital didactics: systemic foundations and the image of the future
Authors: Gushchin Aleksandr Nikolaevich
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to the system justification of the e-learning process. The language of cybernetics is used to describe a purposeful process. Using the language of cybernetics allows you to identify all the components of the educational process management system. In the classical case, this is a teacher who has a management goal and achieves this goal. With the advent of computer technology, the process control system becomes more complicated – information and communication technologies are included in it. Based on the cybernetic model of learning as a purposeful process, the evolution of the interaction process in education from classical education in the form of "man-man", then to the form of "man-computer-man" and then to the form of "man-learning environment" is considered. At the same time, the evolution of the didactic content of the educational process is considered. The main conclusions of this study are: the conclusion that there is a fundamental contradiction between the finite possibilities of computer influence as part of the educational process management system and the infinite set of behavioral reactions of the learner. It is shown how this contradiction is resolved at the system level by, on the one hand, simplifying the e-course itself, but at the same time increasing the diversity of the number of courses. It is shown that at this level the development of e-learning and the content of digital didactics can be characterized as "student–teacher - learning algorithm". Further, a forecast is made that an increase in the variety of e-courses will lead to the creation of a personal learning environment, the purpose of which will be marketing: to satisfy the client's training needs as much as possible. It is concluded that digital didactics will be built on the principles of gamification.
Educational and educational functions of running in the pedagogical system of P.F. Lesgaft
Authors: Kannykin Stanislav Vladimirovich
Published: July 2022

The subject of the study is the pedagogically significant functions of running and running exercises, which are the basic components of the physical education system created by Peter Frantsevich Lesgaft (1837-1909). Clarification of the educational and cognitive potential of running practices for the formation of physical abilities, mind, character and moral qualities of students in the light of P.F. Lesgaft's humanistic ideals is the purpose of the proposed scientific work. The author draws attention to the depth of comprehension by the great Russian teacher of the historical, theoretical and applied aspects of various running exercises, their systemic relations not only with other types of physical activity, but also with the school complex of natural disciplines, as well as the educational process as a whole. The practical significance of the article is manifested in its focus on improving the quality of teaching physical culture in educational institutions. The historical and anthropological approach, a number of general scientific (systematization, generalization, comparison) and theoretical methods (analysis of literature on the research problem, terminological analysis) were chosen as research methods. In accordance with the concept of multidimensional correlation of physical and intellectual-spiritual development developed by P.F. Lesgaft, it was found that running without turns (ekpletridzein) forms a muscular sense of space as a training exercise; long running, obstacle running and running with weights are accustomed to perseverance of actions; high–speed running - to concentrated activity that requires significant stress in a short period; running with a torch develops coordination of upper and lower extremities; running on socks promotes grace of movements; running in "party" games teaches discipline and responsibility to the team; running with a metronome develops a sense of time. Also, running exercises prepare young men for military service, and in relation to schoolchildren of both sexes, they perform a recreational function and develop the skill of finding the optimal ratio of the distance to be overcome, time and effort expended.
Problems of qualification of crimes against a person containing signs of hatred or enmity, as well as humiliation of human dignity
Authors: Bulbacheva Anna Aleksandrovna , Kotyazhov Andrei Valer'evich
Published: July 2022

The subject of the study are criminal law norms prescribing responsibility for inciting hatred and enmity, laws and other regulations related to this topic, the state and dynamics of crime, as well as trends in improving the criminal law in this area. The authors consider in detail scientific approaches to understanding a person as an object of criminal law protection. The methodological basis of the research was the general scientific methods of cognition dialectical, reflecting the connection of theory and practice, logical, historical, empirical and system-structural, general logical methods induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis, private scientific methods, sociological, modeling, statistical and others. Special attention is paid to the problem of improving the criminal-legal qualification of crimes against the person motivated by racial, national or religious hatred or enmity, or motivated by hatred or enmity against any social group. The paper presents the author's position on the improvement of criminal law norms (Part 2 of Articles 131, 132 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). The main approaches in this work can be used in law-making activities to improve the current criminal legislation, law enforcement activities of judicial and law enforcement agencies in order to resolve problematic situations in the qualification of crimes motivated by political, ideological, racial, national or religious hatred or enmity or hatred or enmity against any social group.
Influence of Spatial Placement of Variable Speed Limit Zones on Urban Motorway Traffic Control
Authors: MILOŠ Josip , HRŠAK Patrik , TOPIĆ Nikola , JAKŠIĆ Leon , KUŠIĆ Krešimir , VRBANIĆ Filip , IVANJKO Edouard
Published: July 2022

Traffic control approaches, in particular Variable Speed Limit (VSL), are often studied as solutions to im-prove the level of service on urban motorways. How-ever, the efficiency of VSL strongly depends on the spa-tiotemporal arrangement of VSL zones. It is crucial to determine the length and location of VSL zones for best VSL efficiency before deployment in a real system, as the optimal length of the VSL zone and their distance from the bottleneck directly affects traffic dynamics and, thus, bottleneck control. Therefore, in this study, we perform the analysis of different VSL zones lengths and their po-sitions by using a closed-loop Simple Proportional Speed Controller for VSL (SPSC-VSL). We evaluate the different VSL zone configurations and their impact on traffic flow control and vehicle emissions in a SUMO microscopic simulation on a high traffic demand scenario. The results support the observations of previous researchers on the significant dependence of VSL zone placement on VSL efficiency. Additionally, new data-based (traffic parame-ters and vehicle emissions) evidence of the performance of the SPSC-VSL design are provided regarding the best placement of consecutive VSL zones for motorway bottle-neck control not analysed in previous research.
Undeflatable balloon guide catheter (BGC) during endovascular procedure: Rescue strategy
Authors: Lee Hyungkyu , Park Taejoon , Baek Jinwook , Kim Seonghwan , Lee Sangpyung , Ryou Kyoungsoo
Published: July 2022

The use of a balloon guide catheter (BGC) in the endovascular management of acute ischemic stroke is known to improve the efficacy and efficiency of the procedure by reducing the risk of distal embolization. During the procedure, the balloon of the catheter causes a temporary arrest of cerebral blood flow. However, failure of the balloon to deflate during the BGC procedure can result in catastrophic complications, including aggravated hypoxic damage.
This paper aims to share the resolution and methodological analysis of our experience with BGC balloon deflation failure, which was confirmed by a reproducible experiment under similar conditions.
Uncovering Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis in Clinical Practice
Authors: Nicklas Bonnie J. , McEneaney Patrick A. , Rundell Joseph D.
Published: July 2022

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome) is a small- to medium-vessel vasculitis associated with asthma and eosinophilia. If left untreated, it can lead to systemic complications with a high mortality rate. The authors present a case of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis that initially presented with adult-onset asthma, asymmetric neuropathy to the right lower extremity, and erythematous maculopapular cutaneous lesions to bilateral lower extremities. Through an extensive work-up, the diagnosis of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis was made. Steroid therapy was initiated, causing his eosinophil count to return to normal and his presenting symptoms to improve, although his neuropathy and weakness remained. It is our hope that presenting this unusual condition manifesting in the lower extremity can provide guidance to clinicians who might encounter this condition and help them to recognize and treat it before severe chronic complications can manifest.
The relative binding position of Nck and Grb2 adaptors impacts actin-based motility of Vaccinia virus
Authors: Basant Angika , Way Michael
Published: July 2022

Phosphotyrosine (pTyr) motifs in unstructured polypeptides orchestrate important cellular processes by engaging SH2-containing adaptors to assemble complex signalling networks. The concept of phase separation has recently changed our appreciation of multivalent networks, however, the role of pTyr motif positioning in their function remains to be explored. We have now investigated this parameter in the operation of the signalling cascade driving actin-based motility and spread of Vaccinia virus. This network involves two pTyr motifs in the viral protein A36 that recruit the adaptors Nck and Grb2 upstream of N-WASP and Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin polymerisation. Manipulating the position of pTyr motifs in A36 and the unrelated p14 from Orthoreovirus, we find that only specific spatial arrangements of Nck and Grb2 binding sites result in robust N-WASP recruitment, Arp2/3 complex driven actin polymerisation and viral spread. This suggests that the relative position of pTyr adaptor binding sites is optimised for signal output. This finding may explain why the relative positions of pTyr motifs are frequently conserved in proteins from widely different species. It also has important implications for regulation of physiological networks, including those undergoing phase transitions.
Adding a One Health approach to a research framework for minority health and health disparities
Authors: Morgan Brittany L , Stern Mariana C , Pérez-Stable Eliseo J , Hooper Monica Webb , Fejerman Laura
Published: July 2022

The National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD) has developed a framework to guide and orient research into health disparities and minority health. The framework depicts different domains of influence (such as biological and behavioral) and different levels of influence (such as individual and interpersonal). Here, influenced by the “One Health” approach, we propose adding two new levels of influence – interspecies and planetary – to this framework to reflect the interconnected nature of human, animal, and environmental health. Extending the framework in this way will help researchers to create new avenues of inquiry and encourage multidisciplinary collaborations. We then use the One Health approach to discuss how the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated health disparities, and show how the expanded framework can be applied to research into health disparities related to antimicrobial resistance and obesity.
The influence of biological, epidemiological, and treatment factors on the establishment and spread of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Masserey Thiery , Lee Tamsin , Golumbeanu Monica , Shattock Andrew J , Kelly Sherrie L , Hastings Ian M , Penny Melissa A
Published: July 2022

The effectiveness of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) to treat Plasmodium falciparum malaria is threatened by resistance. The complex interplay between sources of selective pressure—treatment properties, biological factors, transmission intensity, and access to treatment—obscures understanding how, when, and why resistance establishes and spreads across different locations. We developed a disease modelling approach with emulator-based global sensitivity analysis to systematically quantify which of these factors drive establishment and spread of drug resistance. Drug resistance was more likely to evolve in low transmission settings due to the lower levels of (i) immunity and (ii) within-host competition between genotypes. Spread of parasites resistant to artemisinin partner drugs depended on the period of low drug concentration (known as the selection window). Spread of partial artemisinin resistance was slowed with prolonged parasite exposure to artemisinin derivatives and accelerated when the parasite was also resistant to the partner drug. Thus, to slow the spread of partial artemisinin resistance, molecular surveillance should be supported to detect resistance to partner drugs and to change ACTs accordingly. Furthermore, implementing more sustainable artemisinin-based therapies will require extending parasite exposure to artemisinin derivatives, and mitigating the selection windows of partner drugs, which could be achieved by including an additional long-acting drug.
Awareness of security and privacy settings in video conferencing apps among faculty during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Alammary Ali , Alshaikh Moneer , Pratama Ahmad R.
Published: July 2022

COVID-19 has forced many schools and universities worldwide, including Saudi Arabia, to move from traditional face-to-face learning to online learning. Most online learning activities involve the use of video conferencing apps to facilitate synchronous learning sessions. While some faculty members were not accustomed to using video conferencing apps, they had no other choice than to jump on board regardless of their readiness, one of which involved security and privacy awareness. On the other hand, video conferencing apps users face a number of security and privacy threats and vulnerabilities, many of which rely on human factors to be exploited. In this study, we used survey data from 307 faculty members at 43 Saudi Arabian universities to determine the level of awareness among Saudi Arabian faculty regarding security and privacy settings of video conferencing apps and to investigate the factors associated with it. We analyzed the data using the Knowledge-Attitudes-Behaviors (KAB) model and the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method. We found that the average awareness score of video conferencing apps’ security and privacy settings falls into the “Poor” category, which is not surprising considering that many faculty members only started using this new technology on a daily basis because of the pandemic. Further analysis showed that perceived security, familiarity with the app, and digital literacy of faculty members are significantly associated with higher awareness. Privacy concerns are significantly associated with higher awareness only among STEM faculty members, while attitudes toward ICT for teaching and research are negatively associated with such awareness among senior faculty members with more than 10 years of experience. This study lays the foundation for future research and user education on the security and privacy settings of video conferencing applications.
Evaluating keyphrase extraction algorithms for finding similar news articles using lexical similarity calculation and semantic relatedness measurement by word embedding
Authors: Sarwar Talha Bin , Noor Noorhuzaimi Mohd , Saef Ullah Miah M.
Published: July 2022

A textual data processing task that involves the automatic extraction of relevant and salient keyphrases from a document that expresses all the important concepts of the document is called keyphrase extraction. Due to technological advancements, the amount of textual information on the Internet is rapidly increasing as a lot of textual information is processed online in various domains such as offices, news portals, or for research purposes. Given the exponential increase of news articles on the Internet, manually searching for similar news articles by reading the entire news content that matches the user’s interests has become a time-consuming and tedious task. Therefore, automatically finding similar news articles can be a significant task in text processing. In this context, keyphrase extraction algorithms can extract information from news articles. However, selecting the most appropriate algorithm is also a problem. Therefore, this study analyzes various supervised and unsupervised keyphrase extraction algorithms, namely KEA, KP-Miner, YAKE, MultipartiteRank, TopicRank, and TeKET, which are used to extract keyphrases from news articles. The extracted keyphrases are used to compute lexical and semantic similarity to find similar news articles. The lexical similarity is calculated using the Cosine and Jaccard similarity techniques. In addition, semantic similarity is calculated using a word embedding technique called Word2Vec in combination with the Cosine similarity measure. The experimental results show that the KP-Miner keyphrase extraction algorithm, together with the Cosine similarity calculation using Word2Vec (Cosine-Word2Vec), outperforms the other combinations of keyphrase extraction algorithms and similarity calculation techniques to find similar news articles. The similar articles identified using KPMiner and the Cosine similarity measure with Word2Vec appear to be relevant to a particular news article and thus show satisfactory performance with a Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain (NDCG) value of 0.97. This study proposes a method for finding similar news articles that can be used in conjunction with other methods already in use.
The osteology and affinities of Eotyrannus lengi, a tyrannosauroid theropod from the Wealden Supergroup of southern England
Authors: Naish Darren , Cau Andrea
Published: July 2022

Eotyrannus lengi Hutt et al., 2001 from the Lower Cretaceous Wessex Formation (part of the Wealden Supergroup) of the Isle of Wight, southern England, is described in detail, compared with other theropods, and evaluated in a new phylogenetic analysis. Eotyrannus is represented by a single individual that would have been c. 4.5 m long; it preserves the anterior part of the skull, a partial forelimb and pectoral girdle, various cervical, dorsal and caudal vertebrae, rib fragments, part of the ilium, and hindlimb elements excluding the femur. Lack of fusion with regard to both neurocentral and sacral sutures indicates subadult status. Eotyrannus possesses thickened, fused, pneumatic nasals with deep lateral recesses, elongate, tridactyl forelimbs and a tyrannosaurid-like scapulocoracoid. The short preantorbital ramus of the maxilla and nasals that are approximately seven times longer than they are wide show that Eotyrannus was not longirostrine. A posterodorsally inclined ridge on the ilium’s lateral surface fails to reach the dorsal margin: a configuration seen elsewhere in Juratyrant. Eotyrannus is not arctometatarsalian. Autapomorphies include the presence of curving furrows on the dentary, a block-like humeral entepicondyle, and a distoproximally aligned channel close to the distolateral border of the tibia. Within Tyrannosauroidea, E. lengi is phylogenetically intermediate between Proceratosauridae and Yutyrannus and the clade that includes Xiongguanlong, Megaraptora, Dryptosaurus and Tyrannosauridae. We do not find support for a close affinity between Eotyrannus and Juratyrant. Our analysis supports the inclusion of Megaraptora within Tyrannosauroidea and thus increases Cretaceous tyrannosauroid diversity and disparity. A proposal that Eotyrannus might belong within Megaraptora, however, is based on character states not present in the taxon. Several theropods from the Wessex Formation are based on material that overlaps with the E. lengi holotype but none can be shown to be synonymous with it.
The expanding roles of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1)
Authors: Solanki Kundan , Rajpoot Sajjan , Bezsonov Evgeny E. , Orekhov Alexander N. , Saluja Rohit , Wary Anita , Axen Cassondra , Wary Kishore , Baig Mirza S.
Published: July 2022

The nitric oxide synthases (NOS; EC 1.14.13.39) use L-arginine as a substrate to produce nitric oxide (NO) as a by-product in the tissue microenvironment. NOS1 represents the predominant NO-producing enzyme highly enriched in the brain and known to mediate multiple functions, ranging from learning and memory development to maintaining synaptic plasticity and neuronal development, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), psychiatric disorders and behavioral deficits. However, accumulating evidence indicate both canonical and non-canonical roles of NOS1-derived NO in several other tissues and chronic diseases. A better understanding of NOS1-derived NO signaling, and identification and characterization of NO-metabolites in non-neuronal tissues could become useful in diagnosis and prognosis of diseases associated with NOS1 expression. Continued investigation on the roles of NOS1, therefore, will synthesize new knowledge and aid in the discovery of small molecules which could be used to titrate the activities of NOS1-derived NO signaling and NO-metabolites. Here, we address the significance of NOS1 and its byproduct NO in modifying pathophysiological events, which could be beneficial in understanding both the disease mechanisms and therapeutics.
Quantification of water requirement of some major crops under semi-arid climate in Turkey
Authors: Aydın Yusuf
Published: July 2022

The Southeastern Anatolian Region of Turkey is located in semi arid climate zone and therefore requires an efficient water use. Well-planned irrigation with optimum water required by the crops is essential for the limited water resources of the region. The numerical tool CROPWAT of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) was used for modelling efficient irrigation of local crops pistachio, olive, almond and grape without reducing the yield. Local climatic, soil, plant and rainfall information were used as inputs to CROPWAT model to predict the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) values. The crop water requirement (CWR) for pistachio, olive, almond, and grape was calculated as 1,294.0 mm, 659.4 mm, 790.2 mm, and 752.0 mm, respectively, The number of irrigation needed during growth stages was determined as eight for pistachio, three for olive, six for almond and five for grape.
¿Qué significa la escuela bilingüe para lenguas minorizadas como el nasa yuwe o el euskera?
Authors:   Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU) (España), Idiazabal Itziar
Published: July 2022

La mayoría de los jóvenes hablantes de lenguas minorizadas amerindias son hoy en día bilingües debido a la generalización y omnipresencia de las lenguas hegemónicas. Esta capacitación bilingüe rara vez es fruto de la educación bilingüe. Las escuelas bilingües/plurilingües, sin embargo, son imprescindibles para que al menos la población indígena pueda asegurarse una competencia en el uso alfabetizado de las dos lenguas y para que las lenguas originarias minorizadas tengan alguna oportunidad de supervivencia. Pero no todas las escuelas bilingües logran ese objetivo. Sabemos por propia experiencia (vasca) del poder de la escuela a este respecto, pero también de la dificultad que entraña acometerlo. En el Norte del Cauca colombiano, en torno a Toribío, en 2013, se han creado dos escuelas de inmersión en nasa yuwe por demanda local y bajo los auspicios de la ACIN (Asociación de Cabildos Indígenas del Norte). Estas escuelas Wasakkwêwe’sx constituyen un auténtico desafío pedagógico porque los tradicionales programas bilingües (PEIB) apenas lograban que ni siquiera los nativos conservaran los conocimientos transmitidos en el seno familiar, con el consiguiente desvanecimiento progresivo de la lengua.Este artículo analiza el desarrollo y puesta en marcha de este proyecto escolar nasa a través del intercambio de experiencias con el pueblo vasco durante los últimos tres años. Se atiende tanto a las características de organización popular e institucional nasa como a la interdisciplinariedad necesaria para emprender un plan exitoso de escuela bilingüe en una lengua minorizada. En definitiva, se trata de que la escuela bilingüe se convierta en iniciativa global de desarrollo y alternativa para la supervivencia de lenguas como el nasa yuwe.
Understanding the Role of Inflammation in Secondary Osteoarthritis
Authors: Okikiade Adedeji , Osharode Aromedonghene , Oyewole Adijat , Ogunesan Damisola , Oladejo Dolapo , Oshobu Ibukunoluwa , Browne Kevin
Published: July 2022

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most seen form of arthritis, affecting a  population of about 3.3 to 3.6% worldwide. In the ranking, it is the 11th most incapacitating disease worldwide, and in about a 43million people, it causes mild to severe disability. Estimated that 80% of the population In the United States over 65 years old have radiographic evidence of OA, although only 60-70% of this subset has symptoms. There were about 1 million hospitalizations for OA in 2011, with a cumulative cost of nearly $15 billion. This makes A the second most expensive disease seen in the United States [1, 2]. Secondary OA can affect older adults, and it could also affect younger people, usually those under 35 years of age.

Secondary OA has been regarded more as a mechanically-driven disease than an inflammatory disease. However, low-grade inflammation plays some part in cartilage degeneration and repair at many stages of arthropathy. In the past years, many published scientific papers on both animal models and human studies have indicated an increased role for both synovial inflammations and the activation of the membrane attack complexes of the complement system in the pathogenesis of secondary OA. There is also increasing evidence that significant risk factors for secondary OA have been linked with changes in systemic and local (at the articular cartilage chondrocyte level) cytokines and inflammatory mediators.

However, it remains controversial whether or not the inflammatory mediators are primary or secondary regulators of the damage to the cartilage or defective repair mechanisms present in secondary Osteoarthritis because the pathways for signaling involved in inflammatory and biomechanical stress are very much similar. So, these pathways could also induce and increase the expression of cytokine and chemokine genes.

Although research on the inflammatory mediators associated with Osteoarthritis has been done and much knowledge has been gained in the last decade, more studies are needed to define better the mechanisms by which these factors tip the balance between homeostasis and activation to promote cell death and matrix destruction. In response to stress and inflammatory insults, osteoarthritis chondrocytes produce a variety of matrix-degrading enzymes, including metalloproteinases and aggrecans. The expression of most of these enzymes of degradation is dysregulated in chondrocytes of patients with Osteoarthritis, and their increased activities and aberrant expression are the main contributors to cartilage degradation during osteoarthritis development and progression [3]. This student project aims to understand the role of inflammation in secondary Osteoarthritis.
Some Fundamental Properties of Variational Kurzweil-Henstock-Stieltjes Integral on a Compact Interval in Rn
Authors: Omayan Develin O. , Flores Greig Bates C.
Published: July 2022

Homan introduced the variational Kurzweil-Hentock-Stieltjes integral on a real-valued function and presented some of its properties. In this paper, we dened the variational Kurzweil-Henstock-Stieltjes integral on a compact interval in Rn. Fundamental properties such as uniqueness, linearity property and monotonocity property of both the integrand and integrator, additivity and integrability over a subinterval are provided. In addition, a characterization of the variational Kurzweil-Henstock-Stieltjes integral is established by formulating the Cauchy Criterion.
Risk Factors Associated with the Prevalence of Fluorosis in the Endemic Area of Punjab (Bathinda District)
Authors: Grewal Vinaypreet , Singla Neerja
Published: July 2022

Aim: To assess the risk factors associated with the prevalence of fluorosis in the endemic area of Punjab.

Study Design: The fluorosis endemic area of Punjab state was purposively selected for assessment of risk factors associated with it.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in rural and urban areas of Bathinda district during January 2021 to March 2021

Methodology: A sample of 140 subjects were selected randomly consisting of 70 males and 70 females each from both the rural and urban area of Bathinda district. An interview schedule cum questionnaire was designed to collect general, dietary and clinical information of the respondents. The degree of dental fluorosis was assessed using ICMR index [1].

Results: It was revealed that among the rural subjects, majority of respondents were suffering from grade 1 fluorosis (38.57%) followed by grade 0 (37.14%), grade 2 (18.57%) and grade 3 (5.71%). Whereas among urban subjects, majority of respondents were free from fluorosis (58.57%) followed by grade 2(34.28%), grade 1 (21.42%) and grade 3 (5.71%). Age and the duration of stay in the endemic area were found to be positively correlated with the incidence of fluorosis. The higher number of subjects having heavy or moderate lifestyle were suffering from grade 2 and grade 3 of fluorosis, whereas majority of sedentary respondents were free from fluorosis and suffering from grade 1 of fluorosis. A negative correlation was observed with the per capita income of the selected subjects, i.e., with the increasing income the prevalence of fluorosis decreased. Excessive intake of tea and alcohol was also associated with the severity of fluorosis. Among various micro nutrients, the intake of Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and ascorbic acid was found to be significantly (P<0.05) different in the subjects with various grades of fluorosis.

Conclusion: Water is the primary source of fluorine intake by humans, but there are many predisposing factors that aggravate the condition for fluorosis, which can be avoided by taking diet rich in calcium and anti-oxidants in addition to water with permissible level of fluorine. The higher prevalence in the rural area as compared to urban area might be due to more consumption of tea and alcohol by respondents belonging to rural area.
Waist to Height Ratio is a Better Predictor of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in the South Asian Population
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Hanif Farina M. , Mandhwani Rajesh , Majid Zain , Devi Asha , Tulsi Rani , Luck Nasir
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Numerous obesity indices have been developed that predict non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We in our study aimed at evaluating a few of these tools including waist to height ratio (WHtR), waist circumferences (WC), body mass index (BMI) and fatty liver index (FLI) and used them to determine their ability in diagnosing NAFLD.

Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at the outpatients’ department of our hospital. NAFLD was diagnosed on the basis of ultrasound abdomen. Anthropometric parameters like Height (in), weight(cm), WC (cm), BMI, WHtR were calculated and later the FLI (comprising of BMI,WC, triglyceride and gamma glutamyl transferase) was calculated. The Receiver operating characteristic analysis (ROC) was then conducted to determine the discriminatory ability and related cut-off points and a P value of ≤0.05 was taken as statiscally significant.

Results: A total of 300 participants were included and the prevalence of NAFLD was 44.8% in men and 54.8% in women. Univariate analysis reported statistical significant association of NAFLD with all of the applied indices (P = 0.00). The WHtR (AUC = 0.87, 95% CI:0.77-0.97) showed slight superior ability as compared to FLI (AUC = 0.86, 95% CI:0.76-0.97) in diagnosing NAFLD. Regression analysis revealed a stronger association of WHtR (OR = 9.3, P = 0.00) with NAFLD compared to FLI (OR = 6.0, P = 0.02).

The performance of WHtR was similar regardless of gender (AUC = 0.89) while different in FLI with a AUC of 0.88 in men and AUC of 0.85 in female.

Conclusion: This study showed a strong association of WHtR in prediction of NAFLD and a similar discriminatory ability regardless of gender. WHtR is simple and easily performable modality for NAFLD prediction.
Impact of Coronavirus Disease Pandemic on Antenatal Care Utilization among Primigravida Women in Asir Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alqhatani Hanoof , Alqahtani Mohammed S. Aldalham , Alasmre Faris A. , Amer Khaled Abdulwahab , Aldosari Abdulrahman Ali , Althubait Basel Mohammed Saleh , Mudawi Abdulrahman Abdullah Mofreh Al , Alqahtani Mushary Saeed A.
Published: July 2022

Background: By the end of 2019, a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was diagnosed in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. In Saudi Arabia, the government applied prompt preventive measures against coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). COVID-19 associated restrictions have been affected the antenatal care (ANC) services that made careful surveillance of the pregnant women health requirement to protect them from COVID-19 infection. The current study was conducted to assess the COVID-19 pandemic effect on ante-natal care utilization among primigravida women in Asir region, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted targeting all females with their 1st pregnancy during COVID-19 pandemic. The questionnaire covered pregnant females’ demographic data, medical history, COVID-19 infection history, ante-natal care visits. Final questionnaire was distributed among woman attending antenatal care clinics at primary health care centres (PHCCs) and Abha Maternity and Children Hospital clinics in Asir region during the period from December 2020 to December 2021

Results: A total of 555 women attend to antenatal care clinics participated in the study. Primigravida women, who got pregnant during the COVID-19 pandemic were included. Exact of 114 primigravida women meet the inclusion criteria. Participants’ ages ranged from 21 to more than 40 years with mean age of 24.6 ± 9.4 years old. Ante-natal care visits of 1st pregnancy women during a period of quarantine in Asir regions. Exact of 90 (78.9%) pregnant females were compliant to ANC visits during COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 63 (70%) of these visits were in the private sector while 21 (23.3%) were at the governmental hospitals and 18 (6.7%) at the PHCCs.

Conclusion: The current study revealed that pregnant primigravida females were adequately adherent for the ANC visits during COVID-19 pandemic especially those with multiple pregnancies. The most settings provided ANC visits were the private sector with reported good pregnancy outcome.
Global Association of COVID-19 Pandemic Measures With Cancer Screening
Authors: Teglia Federica , Angelini Marco , Astolfi Laura , Casolari Giulia , Boffetta Paolo
Published: July 2022

Importance

Public health services, including cancer screening tests, have been affected by the onset of the COVID-19 epidemic.

Objective

To investigate the pandemic’s association with cancer screening worldwide.

Data Sources

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, databases such as PubMed, ProQuest, and Scopus were searched comprehensively for articles published between January 1, 2020, and December 12, 2021.

Study Selection

Observational studies and articles that reported data from cancer registries that compared the number of screening tests performed before and during the pandemic for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer were included.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Two pairs of independent reviewers extracted data from the selected studies. The weighted average of the percentage variation was calculated between the 2 periods to assess the change in the number of cancer screening tests performed during the pandemic. Stratified analysis was performed by geographic area, period, and type of setting. The systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome was the weighted average percentage variation in the number of screening tests performed between January and October 2020 compared with the previous period.

Results

The review comprised 39 publications. There was an overall decrease of −46.7% (95% CI, −55.5% to −37.8%) for breast cancer screening, −44.9% (95% CI, −53.8% to −36.1%) for colorectal cancer screening, and −51.8% (95% CI, −64.7% to −38.9%) for cervical cancer screening during the pandemic. For all 3 cancers, a U-shaped temporal trend was identified; for colorectal cancer, a significant decrease was still apparent after May 2020 (in June to October, the decrease was −23.4% [95% CI, −44.4% to −2.4%]). Differences by geographic area and screening setting were also identified.

Conclusions and Relevance

A summary estimate of the downscaling of cancer screening tests since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic is provided in this systematic review and meta-analysis. This could be associated with an increase in the number of avoidable cancer deaths. Effective interventions are required to restore the capacity of screening services to the prepandemic level.
Sub‐THz Phase Shifters Enabled by Photoconductive Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Layers
Authors: Smirnov Serguei , Przewłoka Aleksandra , Krajewska Aleksandra , Zykov Dmitry , Demchenko Petr , Oberhammer Joachim , Khodzitsky Mikhail , Nefedov Igor , Lioubtchenko Dmitri
Published: July 2022

Materials with tunable dielectric properties are highly relevant for terahertz (THz) applications. Herein, the tuning of the dielectric response of single‐walled carbon nanotube layers by light illumination is studied for applications to THz phase shifters. The dependence of the length of individual nanotubes on the THz photoconductivity of the network is experimentally investigated in the frequency range of 0.2–1 THz by time‐domain spectroscopy (TDS). The effective conductivity of the networks is described by a theoretical model that fits the measured dielectric function. Terahertz phase shifters are realized with the carbon nanotube layers as the optically tunable element deposited on the wall of rectangular dielectric waveguides. The phase of the electromagnetic wave propagating in the waveguide is shown to be tunable by illuminating the nanotubes. A linear phase shift with the frequency is measured between 75 and 500 GHz with a low change in amplitude due to the illumination.
Monolithic Photonic Integrated Circuit Based on Silicon Nitride and Lithium Niobate on Insulator Hybrid Platform
Authors: Jiang Yongheng , Han Xu , Huang Haijin , Zhang Pu , Dubey Aditya , Xiao Huifu , Yuan Mingrui , Frigg Andreas , Nguyen Thach Giang , Boes Andreas , Li Yingtao , Ren Guanghui , Su Yikai , Mitchell Arnan , Tian Yonghui
Published: July 2022

Lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) has been demonstrated as a promising platform for photonic integrated circuits (PICs), thanks to its excellent properties such as strong electro‐optic effect, low material loss, and wide transparency window. Herein, a monolithic PIC for high‐speed data communication application on a lithium‐niobate‐etchless platform with silicon nitride (Si3N4) as a loading material is proposed and demonstrated. The fabricated PIC consists of four racetrack resonator modulators and a pair of four‐channel mode (de)multiplexers, which shows high data modulation rate of 70 Gbps for single channel and the total data throughput reaches up to 280 Gbps. To the best of knowledge, this is the first demonstration of PIC consisting of high‐speed electro‐optical modulators and (de)multiplexers with such high data capacity on Si3N4‐LNOI hybrid platform, which opens up new avenues for achieving large‐scale monolithic integration on LNOI platform in future.
Motivational and Valence‐Related Modulation of Sleep/Wake Behavior are Mediated by Midbrain Dopamine and Uncoupled from the Homeostatic and Circadian Processes
Authors: Fifel Karim , El Farissi Amina , Cherasse Yoan , Yanagisawa Masashi
Published: July 2022

Motivation and its hedonic valence are powerful modulators of sleep/wake behavior, yet its underlying mechanism is still poorly understood. Given the well‐established role of midbrain dopamine (mDA) neurons in encoding motivation and emotional valence, here, neuronal mechanisms mediating sleep/wake regulation are systematically investigated by DA neurotransmission. It is discovered that mDA mediates the strong modulation of sleep/wake states by motivational valence. Surprisingly, this modulation can be uncoupled from the classically employed measures of circadian and homeostatic processes of sleep regulation. These results establish the experimental foundation for an additional new factor of sleep regulation. Furthermore, an electroencephalographic marker during wakefulness at the theta range is identified that can be used to reliably track valence‐related modulation of sleep. Taken together, this study identifies mDA signaling as an important neural substrate mediating sleep modulation by motivational valence.