bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cosmeceutical Significance of Seaweed: A Focus on Carbohydrates and Peptides in Skin Applications
Authors: Kalasariya Haresh S. , Maya-Ramírez Carlos Eliel , Cotas João , Pereira Leonel
Published: May 2024

The term ‘cosmeceutical’ refers to cosmetic products that offer medicinal or drug-like benefits. Marine algae are rich sources of bioactive compounds, particularly carbohydrates and peptides, which have gained attention for their potential in cosmeceuticals. These compounds are abundant, safe, and have minimal cytotoxicity effects. They offer various benefits to the skin, including addressing rashes, pigmentation, aging, and cancer. Additionally, they exhibit properties such as antimicrobial, skin-whitening, anti-aging, antioxidant, and anti-melanogenic effects. This review surveys the literature on the cosmeceutical potentials of algae-derived compounds, focusing on their roles in skin whitening, anti-aging, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial applications. The discussion also includes current challenges and future opportunities for using algae for cosmeceutical purposes.
A Computational Study of the Mechanism and Kinetics of the 4-Methyl Aniline Reaction with OH Radicals
Authors: Pham Tien V.
Published: May 2024

In this study, the mechanism of the reaction between 4-methyl aniline and hydroxyl free radicals was computed using the M06-2X and CCSD(T) methods, along with the 6-311++G(3df,2p) basis set. The kinetics of the reaction were calculated utilizing the transition state theory and the microcanonical Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus theory. The calculated results revealed that NH-C6H4-CH3 was the key product of the system. The total rate coefficient of the system, k_total = 2.04 × 10−18 T2.07 exp[(11.2 kJ/mol)/RT] cm3/s, was found under the 300–2000 K interval, with P = 760 Torr. At the ambient conditions, the velocity of this reaction was about ten times larger than that of the reaction between C6H5CH3 and hydroxyl free radicals, but it was smaller than the aniline + OH rate.
Fast Recombination of Free Radicals in Solution and Microviscosity
Authors: Khudyakov Igor V.
Published: May 2024

Rates of fast reactions are inversely proportional to the solvent viscosity (η). However, a quantitative study demonstrates that dynamic viscosity η is often a crude reflection of a viscous drug exerted on a molecule or radical. This paper aims to present an accurate dependence of the rates of fast bi- and monomolecular reactions upon the viscous drug of a media. Different correction coefficients fmicro are discussed, which should lead to a dependence rate ∝ (fmicroη)−1. Microviscosity is viscosity, leading to the expected rate dependence upon shear viscosity. In many cases, experimentally measured diffusion coefficients of molecules of a similar structure to the reactive radicals lead to the correct prediction of radicals’ diffusion coefficients and the rate constants of radicals recombination. Microviscosity of complex non-Newtonian liquids (biological liquids, polymeric solutions) can be measured using low MW molecular probes. Usually, the measured ηmicro is much lower than the shear η of complex biological or polymeric liquids. Cis–trans isomerization of bulky groups in monomolecular reactions is often described with Kramers’ theory. An example of such isomerization of a cyanine dye studied experimentally and theoretically is presented. It is demonstrated in the selected case that Kramers’ theory adequately describes the dependence of cis–trans isomerization of organic compounds upon η.
Physiological, Perceptual, and Neuromuscular Responses to V˙O2-Clamp Cycle Ergometry Exercise
Authors: Succi Pasquale J. , Dinyer-McNeely Taylor K. , Voskuil Caleb C. , Benitez Brian , Kwak Minyoung , Mitchinson Clara J. , Abel Mark G. , Clasey Jody L. , Bergstrom Haley C.
Published: May 2024

Recommendations for endurance exercise prescription are often based on percentages of heart rate (HR) or the volume of oxygen consumption (V˙O2) maximum or reserve that is extrapolated to a power output (P) or velocity. Previous work has demonstrated dissociations of the expected responses to exercise anchored to the critical heart rate (CHR) compared with the P associated with CHR. However, it is unclear if similar dissociations due to reductions in P to maintain the designated intensity would be present during exercise anchored to the V˙O2 associated with CHR (V˙O2CHR). The purpose of this study was to examine the patterns in physiological (V˙O2, HR, P, respiration rate [RR], muscle oxygen saturation [%SmO2]), neuromuscular (electromyographic and mechanomyographic amplitude [EMG AMP, MMG AMP], mean power frequency [EMG MPF, MMG MPF]), and perceptual (rating of perceived exertion [RPE]) responses during exercise at V˙O2CHR (V˙O2-clamp). On separate days, ten participants (age: 25 ± 4 yr) performed a graded exercise test and four constant P trials at 85–100% of peak P (PP) to derive CHR and V˙O2CHR. Responses were recorded during a trial to exhaustion at V˙O2CHR (32.86 ± 7.12 mL·kg−1·min−1; TLim = 31.31 ± 21.37 min) and normalized in 10% intervals of TLim to their respective values at PP. The one-way repeated-measures ANOVA with post hoc, Bonferroni-corrected, pairwise comparisons indicated differences (p < 0.001) from baseline for HR (mean ± SD %change = 8 ± 3%), RR (43 ± 38%), P (−15 ± 5%), EMG MPF (10 ± 8%), and RPE (65 ± 38%), but no differences (p = 0.077–0.955) for %SmO2 (−17 ± 53%), EMG AMP (−3 ± 16%), MMG AMP (40 ± 61%), and MMG MPF (1 ± 7%). The loss in performance observed during V˙O2-Clamp exercise may provide a quantification of the inefficiency associated with the V˙O2 slow component phenomenon. The neuromuscular responses suggested constant muscle excitation despite the reductions in P, but the metabolic and perceptual responses suggested a combination of feedforward and feedback mechanisms regulating TLim. Future studies should further examine responses to the V˙O2-Clamp exercise at a uniform threshold.
A Knockout of the Photoreceptor PtAureo1a Results in Altered Diel Expression of Diatom Clock Components
Authors: Madhuri Shvaita , Lepetit Bernard , Fürst Alexander Helmut , Kroth Peter G.
Published: May 2024

Plants and algae use light not only for driving photosynthesis but also to sense environmental cues and to adjust their circadian clocks via photoreceptors. Aureochromes are blue-light-dependent photoreceptors that also function as transcription factors, possessing both a LOV and a bZIP domain. Aureochromes so far have only been detected in Stramenopile algae, which include the diatoms. Four paralogues of aureochromes have been identified in the pennate model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum: PtAureo1a, 1b, 1c, and 2. While it was shown recently that diatoms have a diel rhythm, the molecular mechanisms and components regulating it are still largely unknown. Diel gene expression analyses of wild-type P. tricornutum, a PtAureo1a knockout strain, and the respective PtAureo1 complemented line revealed that all four aureochromes have a different diel regulation and that PtAureo1a has a strong co-regulatory influence on its own transcription, as well as on that of other genes encoding different blue-light photoreceptors (CPF1, 2 and 4), proteins involved in photoprotection (Lhcx1), and specific bHLH transcription factors (RITMO1). Some of these genes completely lost their circadian expression in the PtAureo1a KO mutant. Our results suggest a major involvement of aureochromes in the molecular clock of diatoms.
The Role of Plant Ubiquitin-like Modifiers in the Formation of Salt Stress Tolerance
Authors: Dabravolski Siarhei A. , Isayenkov Stanislav V.
Published: May 2024

The climate-driven challenges facing Earth necessitate a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms facilitating plant resilience to environmental stressors. This review delves into the crucial role of ubiquitin-like modifiers, particularly focusing on ATG8-mediated autophagy, in bolstering plant tolerance to salt stress. Synthesising recent research, we unveil the multifaceted contributions of ATG8 to plant adaptation mechanisms amidst salt stress conditions, including stomatal regulation, photosynthetic efficiency, osmotic adjustment, and antioxidant defence. Furthermore, we elucidate the interconnectedness of autophagy with key phytohormone signalling pathways, advocating for further exploration into their molecular mechanisms. Our findings underscore the significance of understanding molecular mechanisms underlying ubiquitin-based protein degradation systems and autophagy in salt stress tolerance, offering valuable insights for designing innovative strategies to improve crop productivity and ensure global food security amidst increasing soil salinisation. By harnessing the potential of autophagy and other molecular mechanisms, we can foster sustainable agricultural practices and develop stress-tolerant crops resilient to salt stress.
Investigation of a Perspective Urban Tree Species, Ginkgo biloba L., by Scientific Analysis of Historical Old Specimens
Authors: Kisvarga Szilvia , Hamar-Farkas Dóra , Horotán Katalin , Gyuricza Csaba , Ražná Katarína , Kučka Matúš , Harenčár Ľubomír , Neményi András , Lantos Csaba , Pauk János , Solti Ádám , Simon Edina , Bibi Dina , Mukherjee Semonti , Török Katalin , Tilly-Mándy Andrea , Papp László , Orlóci László
Published: May 2024

In this study, we examined over 200-year-old Ginkgo biloba L. specimens under different environmental conditions. The overall aim was to explore which factors influence their vitality and general fitness in urban environments and thus their ability to tolerate stressful habitats. In order to determine this, we used a number of different methods, including histological examinations (stomatal density and size) and physiological measurements (peroxidase enzyme activity), as well as assessing the air pollution tolerance index (APTI). The investigation of the genetic relationships between individuals was performed using flow cytometry and miRNA marker methods. The genetic tests revealed that all individuals are diploid, whereas the lus-miR168 and lus-miR408 markers indicated a kinship relation between them. These results show that the effect of different habitat characteristics can be detected through morphological and physiological responses, thus indicating relatively higher stress values for all studied individuals. A significant correlation can be found between the level of adaptability and the relatedness of the examined individuals. These results suggest that Ginkgo biloba L. is well adapted to an environment with increased stress factors and therefore suitable for use in urban areas.
Tolerance Mitigates Gall Effects When Susceptible Plants Fail to Elicit Induced Defense
Authors: Andrade Janete Ferreira , Calixto Eduardo Soares , Demetrio Guilherme Ramos , Venâncio Henrique , Meiado Marcos Vinicius , de Santana Denise Garcia , Cuevas-Reyes Pablo , de Almeida Wanessa Rejane , Santos Jean Carlos
Published: May 2024

Variations in plant genotypes and phenotypes are expressed in ways that lead to the development of defensive abilities against herbivory. Induced defenses are mechanisms that affect herbivore insect preferences and performance. We evaluated the performance of resistant and susceptible phenotypes of Bauhinia brevipes (Fabaceae) against attacks by the gall-inducing insect Schizomyia macrocapillata (Diptera). We hypothesized that there is a positive relationship between resistance to S. macrocapillata and host plant performance because resistance can have a high adaptive value. We evaluated plant architecture, nutritional leaf quality, leaf fluctuating asymmetry, and reproductive capacity between phenotypes. Plant performance was evaluated at three ontogenetic stages: seed, seedling, and juvenile. Overall, there were no differences in vegetative and reproductive performance or asymmetry between the resistant and susceptible mature plants. We found no relationship between leaf nutritional quality and resistance to S. macrocapillata. Plant performance was consistent across ontogeny for both phenotypes, except for five variables. Contrary to our expectations, the susceptible plants performed equally well or better than the resistant plants, suggesting that tolerance and overcompensation to herbivory in B. brevipes may be mediated by induced defense. Our study highlights the importance of multiple layers of plant defense against herbivory, where plant tolerance acts as a secondary barrier in plants susceptible to gall-inducing insects.
OsMGD1-Mediated Membrane Lipid Remodeling Improves Salt Tolerance in Rice
Authors: Li Shasha , Hui Lei , Li Jingchong , Xi Yuan , Xu Jili , Wang Linglong , Yin Lina
Published: May 2024

Salt stress severely reduces photosynthetic efficiency, resulting in adverse effects on crop growth and yield production. Two key thylakoid membrane lipid components, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), were perturbed under salt stress. MGDG synthase 1 (MGD1) is one of the key enzymes for the synthesis of these galactolipids. To investigate the function of OsMGD1 in response to salt stress, the OsMGD1 overexpression (OE) and RNA interference (Ri) rice lines, and a wild type (WT), were used. Compared with WT, the OE lines showed higher chlorophyll content and biomass under salt stress. Besides this, the OE plants showed improved photosynthetic performance, including light absorption, energy transfer, and carbon fixation. Notably, the net photosynthetic rate and effective quantum yield of photosystem II in the OE lines increased by 27.5% and 25.8%, respectively, compared to the WT. Further analysis showed that the overexpression of OsMGD1 alleviated the negative effects of salt stress on photosynthetic membranes and oxidative defense by adjusting membrane lipid composition and fatty acid levels. In summary, OsMGD1-mediated membrane lipid remodeling enhanced salt tolerance in rice by maintaining membrane stability and optimizing photosynthetic efficiency.
Iron Plaque: A Shield against Soil Contamination and Key to Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: He Zeping , Chen Jinyuan , Yuan Shilin , Chen Sha , Hu Yuanyi , Zheng Yi , Li Ding
Published: May 2024

Soils play a dominant role in supporting the survival and growth of crops and they are also extremely important for human health and food safety. At present, the contamination of soil by heavy metals remains a globally concerning environmental issue that needs to be resolved. In the environment, iron plaque, naturally occurring on the root surface of wetland plants, is found to be equipped with an excellent ability at blocking the migration of heavy metals from soils to plants, which can be further developed as an environmentally friendly strategy for soil remediation to ensure food security. Because of its large surface-to-volume porous structure, iron plaque exhibits high binding affinity to heavy metals. Moreover, iron plaque can be seen as a reservoir to store nutrients to support the growth of plants. In this review, the formation process of iron plaque, the ecological role that iron plaque plays in the environment and the interaction between iron plaque, plants and microbes, are summarized.
Dissection of the Genetic Basis of Genotype by Environment Interactions for Morphological Traits and Protein Content in Winter Wheat Panel Grown in Morocco and Spain
Authors: El Baouchi Adil , Ibriz Mohammed , Dreisigacker Susanne , Lopes Marta S. , Sanchez-Garcia Miguel
Published: May 2024

To fulfill the growing demand for wheat consumption, it is important to focus on enhancement breeding strategies targeting key parameters such as yield, thousand kernel weight (TKW), quality characteristics including morphological traits, and protein content. These elements are key to the ongoing and future objectives of wheat breeding programs. Prioritizing these factors will effectively help meet the rising demand for wheat, especially given the challenges posed by unpredictable weather patterns. This study evaluated the morphological traits and protein content of 249 winter wheat varieties and advanced lines grown in eleven different environments in Morocco and Spain incorporating three varied sowing dates. The results showed considerable variability in morphological traits and protein content. Significant correlations were observed among various grain traits, with most grain morphological parameters exhibiting negative correlations with protein content. Differences across environments (p ≤ 0.01) in all traits, genotypes, and genotype by environment interaction were significant. A factorial regression analysis revealed significant impacts of environmental conditions on all grain morphological parameters, protein content, and TKW during the three growth stages. The study identified several high-performing and stable genotypes across diverse environments, providing valuable insights for wheat breeding programs such as genotypes 129, 234, 241, and 243. Genome-Wide Association Studies pinpointed 603 significant markers across 11 environments, spread across chromosomes. Among these, 400 markers were linked with at least two traits or observed in at least two different environments. Moreover, twelve marker-trait associations were detected that surpassed the Bonferroni correction threshold. These findings highlight the importance of targeted breeding efforts to enhance wheat quality and adaptability to different environmental conditions.
Effects of Biochar and Straw Amendment on Soil Fertility and Microbial Communities in Paddy Soils
Authors: Xia Hao , Shen Jia , Riaz Muhammad , Jiang Cuncang , Zu Chaolong , Jiang Chaoqiang , Liu Bo
Published: May 2024

Straw and biochar, two commonly used soil amendments, have been shown to enhance soil fertility and the composition of microbial communities. To compare the effects of straw and biochar on soil fertility, particularly focusing on soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) components, and the physiochemical properties of soil and microbial communities, a combination of high-throughput sequencing and three-dimensional fluorescence mapping technology was employed. In our study, we set up four treatments, i.e., without biochar and straw (B0S0); biochar only (B1S0); straw returning only (B0S1); and biochar and straw (B1S1). Our results demonstrate that soil organic matter (SOM), available nitrogen (AN), and available potassium (AK) were increased by 34.71%, 22.96%, and 61.68%, respectively, under the B1S1 treatment compared to the B0S0 treatment. In addition, microbial carbon (MBC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and particulate organic carbon (POC) were significantly increased with the B1S1 treatment, by 55.13%, 15.59%, and 125.46%, respectively. The results also show an enhancement in microbial diversity, the composition of microbial communities, and the degree of soil humification with the application of biochar and straw. Moreover, by comparing the differences in soil fertility, DOM components, and other indicators under different treatments, the combined treatments of biochar and straw had a more significant positive impact on paddy soil fertility compared to biochar. In conclusion, our study revealed the combination of straw incorporation and biochar application has significant impacts and is considered an effective approach to improving soil fertility.
The Influence of Piriformospora indica Colonization on the Root Development and Growth of Cerasus humilis Cuttings
Authors: Yin Lu , Qu Pengyan , Wang Dongmei , Yan Songtao , Gong Qinghua , Yang Rui , Hu Yang , Liu Niru , Cheng Chunzhen , Wang Pengfei , Zhang Shuai , Mu Xiaopeng , Zhang Jiancheng
Published: May 2024

Numerous studies have shown that the endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica has a broad range of promoting effects on root development and plant growth in host plants. However, there are currently no reports on the application of this fungus on Cerasus humilis. This study first compared the colonization ability of P. indica on 11 C. humilis varieties and found that the colonization rate of this fungus on these varieties ranged from 90% to 100%, with the colonization rate of the varieties ‘09-01’ and ‘Nongda 7’ being as high as 100%. Subsequently, the effect of P. indica on root development and plant growth of C. humilis was investigated using cuttings of ‘09-01’ and ‘Nongda 7’ as materials. P. indica colonization was found to increase the biomass of ‘09-01’ and ‘Nongda 7’ plants; root activity, POD enzymes, and chlorophyll content were also significantly increased. In addition, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content in the roots of C. humilis plants increased after colonization, while jasmonic acid (JA) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-car- boxylic acid (ACC) content decreased. In conclusion, it has been demonstrated that P. indica can promote the growth of C. humilis plants by accelerating biomass accumulation, promoting rooting, and enhancing the production of photosynthetic pigments, as well as regulating hormone synthesis.
Electrospun Membranes Based on Quaternized Polysulfones: Rheological Properties–Electrospinning Mechanisms Relationship
Authors: Filimon Anca , Serbezeanu Diana , Dobos Adina Maria , Onofrei Mihaela Dorina , Bargan Alexandra , Rusu Daniela , Rimbu Cristina Mihaela
Published: May 2024

Composite membranes based on a polymer mixture solution of quaternized polysulfone (PSFQ), cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) for biomedical applications were successfully obtained through the electrospinning technique. To ensure the polysulfone membranes’ functionality in targeted applications, the selection of electrospinning conditions was essential. Moreover, understanding the geometric characteristics and morphology of fibrous membranes is crucial in designing them to meet the performance standards necessary for future biomedical applications. Thus, the viscosity of the solutions used in the electrospinning process was determined, and the morphology of the electrospun membranes was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Investigations on the surfaces of electrospun membranes based on water vapor sorption data have demonstrated that their surface properties dictate their biological ability more than their specific surfaces. Furthermore, in order to understand the different macromolecular rearrangements of membrane structures caused by physical interactions between the polymeric chains as well as by the orientation of functional groups during the electrospinning process, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used. The applicability of composite membranes in the biomedical field was established by bacterial adhesion testing on the surface of electrospun membranes using Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus microorganisms. The biological experiments conducted establish a foundation for future applications of these membranes and validate their effectiveness in specific fields.
Machine Learning Analysis of Enhanced Biodegradable Phoenix dactylifera L./HDPE Composite Thermograms
Authors: Alhulaybi Zaid Abdulhamid , Otaru Abdulrazak Jinadu
Published: May 2024

Worldwide, environmental groups and policymakers are focusing on waste recycling to create economic value and on the decomposition of waste by leveraging on scarce resources. This work, therefore, explores the thermal decomposition of enhanced biodegradable polymer matrices made from a mixture of discarded Phoenix dactylifera L./high-density polyethylene (PD/HDPE) using the machine learning analysis of experimental data. The experimental results of these samples were obtained via thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis under an oxidation–free environment, with heating rates of 10, 20, and 40 °C·min−1 and a degradation temperature range from 25 to 600 °C. The TGA analyses revealed the continued dependence of the actual percentage weight loss by these materials as a test function of the degradation temperature, shifting thermograms to temperature maxima consistent with increasing heating rates. Although high-density polyethylene (HDPE) materials were found to be thermally more stable than Phoenix dactylifera L. (PD) materials, PD/HDPE composite materials contained a significant amount of residual ash. Using a machine learning deep neural network approach for this process, significantly improved learning algorithms have been developed, which reduces the overall cost function (residual error) to almost zero (0.025) after just over a million iterations (epochs) and provides predictions that overlap with the experimental results (R2~1). Learning algorithms, along with optimized synaptic weights and biases, were employed to predict the behaviour of PD materials based on experimental thermograms conducted at higher degradation temperatures, typically ranging between 600 and 1000 °C. Predicted data using the enhanced learning algorithms completely overlapped the experiments (R2~1) for these higher degradation temperatures with near unity correlation if the decomposition of the materials continued until the residue was attained. With this approach, it is possible to predict and optimize the thermal characteristics of PD and HDPE with greater efficiency, which reduces the need for multiple design iterations and experimentation.
Strength and Contaminant Toxicity Leaching Characteristics of MgO-Solidified Silt
Authors: Shu Shi , Zhou Xiaohuan , Gong Yujie , Wang Haohui , Tang Yan , Chen Junhao
Published: May 2024

In this study, MgO as an environmentally friendly silt-solidifying material was first mixed with silt and then carbonized by injection with CO2. The strength and contaminant leaching characteristics of the MgO-solidified silt were studied using unconfined compressive strength and toxicity leaching tests, and the results were compared with those of cement-solidified silt. The unconfined compressive strength of the silt reached 111 kPa with 9% MgO content and a 14 d curing time. The CO2 injection further increased the unconfined compressive strength of the MgO-solidified silt by approximately 25%: the values for MgO-solidified silts without and with a CO2 injection were approximately 60% and 80%, respectively, of those of the cement-solidified silts with the same additive additions. The leaching concentrations of nutrient salts and heavy metal pollutants in the silt decreased with increased MgO content. Compared with the dredged silt, MgO solidification with carbonization reduced the leaching of total nitrogen and total phosphorus by more than 10% and 50%, respectively: these values were approximately 5% points higher than those of cement-solidified silt. Of the heavy metals, the leaching concentration of Ni was reduced the most. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for low-carbon treatment and green resource utilization of dredging silt.
Construction Method and Practical Application of Oil and Gas Field Surface Engineering Case Database Based on Knowledge Graph
Authors: Xia Taiwu , Dai Zhixiang , Zhang Yihua , Wang Feng , Zhang Wei , Xu Li , Zhou Dan , Zhou Jun
Published: May 2024

To address the challenge of quickly and efficiently accessing relevant management experience for a wide range of ground engineering construction projects, supporting project management with information technology is crucial. This includes the establishment of a case database and an application platform for intelligent search and recommendations. The article leverages Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology, knowledge graph technology, and Natural Language Processing (NLP) technology. It explores the mechanisms for classifying construction cases, methods for constructing a case database, structuring case data, intelligently retrieving and matching cases, and intelligent recommendation methods. This research forms a complete, feasible, and scalable method for deconstructing, storing, intelligently retrieving, and recommending construction cases, providing a theoretical basis for the establishment of a construction case database. It aims to meet the needs of digital project management and intelligent decision-making support in the oil and gas sector, thereby enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of project construction. This work offers a theoretical foundation for the development of an intelligent management platform for ground engineering projects in the oil and gas industry, supporting the sector’s digital transformation and intelligent development.
Optimization of Energy Consumption in Oil Fields Using Data Analysis
Authors: Liang Xingyuan , Xing Zhisheng , Yue Zhenduo , Ma He , Shu Jin , Han Guoqing
Published: May 2024

In recent years, companies have employed numerous methods to lower expenses and enhance system efficiency in the oilfield. Energy consumption has constituted a significant portion of these expenses. This paper introduces a normalized consumption factor to effectively evaluate energy consumption in the oilfield. Statistical analysis has been conducted on nearly 45,000 wells from six fields in China. Critical factors such as lifting method, daily production, pump depth, gas–oil ratio (GOR), and well deviation angle were evaluated individually. Results revealed that higher production could lead to lower normalized consumption for beam pumps, progressive cavity pumps, and electric submersible pump systems, thus enhancing system efficiency. Additionally, a higher GOR might result in lower normalized consumption for the beam pump system, while the deviation angle of the well showed negligible impact on the normalized consumption factor. This manuscript offers a method to assess the impacts of artificial lift methods on production and discusses suggestions for reducing consumption associated with each lifting method in the oilfield.
Recent Progress in Design and Performance Analysis of Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines—A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Didane Djamal Hissein , Behery Mostafa Radwan , Al-Ghriybah Mohanad , Manshoor Bukhari
Published: May 2024

Vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) are receiving more and more attention as they involve simple design, cope better with turbulence, and are insensitive to wind direction, which has a huge impact on their cost since a yaw mechanism is not needed. However, VAWTs still suffer from low conversion efficiency. As a result, tremendous efforts are being exerted to improve their efficiency, which mainly focus on two methods, regardless of whether the study is a CFD simulation, a field test, or a lab test experiment. An active approach involves modification of the rotor itself, such as the blade design, the angle, the trailing and leading edges, the inner blades, the chord thickness, the contra-rotating rotor, etc., while the second approach involves passive techniques where the flow is directed to optimally face the downwind rotor by mounting guiding vanes such as a diffuser or other shapes at the upwind position of the rotor. Among all the techniques undertaken, the counter-rotating wind turbine (CRWT) rotor technique seems to be the most effective, with an output comparable to that of horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWTs), while the Savonius rotor has received more attention compared to other VAWT designs. Apart from technological issues, it has also been suggested that geographical issues, such as proper site siting of a wind turbine rotor at a particular location where a uniform flow can be guaranteed, are of paramount importance to ensure an effective conversion capacity of wind turbines. Thus, this study has successfully highlighted the latest improvements in augmentation methods and has established a solid foundation for future research aimed at improving the efficiency of VAWTs.
Electrochemical Technology for New Materials Synthesis and Reprocessing
Authors: Zaikov Yury P.
Published: May 2024

It is difficult to underestimate the role of electrochemistry in the modern world [...]
Parabolic Modeling Forecasts of Space and Time European Hydropower Production
Authors: Lincaru Cristina , Grigorescu Adriana , Dincer Hasan
Published: May 2024

Renewable sources of energy production are some of the main targets today to protect the environment through reduced fossil fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. Alongside wind, solar, marine, biomass and nuclear sources, hydropower is among the oldest but still not fully explored renewable energy sources. Compared with other sources like wind and solar, hydropower is more stable and consistent, offering increased predictability. Even so, it should be analyzed considering water flow, dams capacity, climate change, irrigation, navigation, and so on. The aim of this study is to propose a forecast model of hydropower production capacity and identify long-term trends. The curve fit forecast parabolic model was applied to 33 European countries for time series data from 1990 to 2021. Space-time cube ArcGIS representation in 2D and 3D offers visualization of the prediction and model confidence rate. The quadratic trajectory fit the raw data for 14 countries, validated by visual check, and in 20 countries, validated by FMRSE 10% threshold from the maximal value. The quadratic model choice is good for forecasting future values of hydropower electric capacity in 22 countries, with accuracy confirmed by the VMRSE 10% threshold from the maximal value. Seven local outliers were identified, with only one validated as a global outlier based on the Generalized Extreme Studentized Deviate (GESD) test at a 5% maximal number of outliers and a 90% confidence level. This result achieves our objective of estimating a level with a high degree of occurrence and offering a reliable forecast of hydropower production capacity. All European countries show a growing trend in the short term, but the trends show a stagnation or decrease if policies do not consider intensive growth through new technology integration and digital adoption. Unfortunately, Europe does not have extensive growth potential compared with Asia–Pacific. Public policies must boost hybrid hydro–wind or hydro–solar systems and intensive technical solutions.
The Effects of Drying and Grinding on the Extraction Efficiency of Polyphenols from Grape Skin: Process Optimization
Authors: Peternel Lea , Sokač Cvetnić Tea , Gajdoš Kljusurić Jasenka , Jurina Tamara , Benković Maja , Radojčić Redovniković Ivana , Jurinjak Tušek Ana , Valinger Davor
Published: May 2024

Maximizing the yield of bioactive molecules extracted from plant materials requires the investigation of extraction process variables; therefore, in this research, a traditional aqueous solid–liquid extraction method was employed on two distinct grape pomace skin samples. The grape skin pomace represents a potentially valuable source of biologically active compounds, particularly polyphenols. Experiment 1 utilized ground grape pomace skin, whereas experiment 2 utilized grape pomace skin that had been both dried and ground beforehand. Employing a Box–Benkhen experimental design and response surface modeling in the Statistica 14.0 software package, this study evaluated the impact of temperature, extraction time, solid-to-liquid ratio (S/L), and mixing speed on extraction efficiency. The extracted compounds were assessed for both physical properties (conductivity, total dissolved solids, and pH) and chemical properties (total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays). The optimization matrix design identified the specific conditions required to achieve the optimal physical and chemical properties of grape skin extract as follows: (i) for experiment 1, extraction time (t) = 15 min, temperature (T) = 80 °C, solid-to-liquid ratio (S/L) = 10 g/L, and mixing speed (rpm) = 500 1/min and (ii) for experiment 2, extraction time (t) = 15 min, temperature (T) = 80 °C, solid-to-liquid ratio (S/L) = 10 g/L, and mixing speed (rpm) = 375 1/min. Under optimal process conditions, 26.1284 mgGAE/gd.m. and 25.1024 mgGAE/gd.m., respectively, were obtained. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the optimization process in identifying precise extraction conditions that yield the optimal chemical properties of grape skin extracts.
Diversifying Investments and Maximizing Sharpe Ratio: A Novel Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization Formulation
Authors: Mattesi Mirko , Asproni Luca , Mattia Christian , Tufano Simone , Ranieri Giacomo , Caputo Davide , Corbelletto Davide
Published: May 2024

The optimization of investment portfolios represents a pivotal task within the field of financial economics. Its objective is to identify asset combinations that meet specified criteria for return and risk. Traditionally, the maximization of the Sharpe Ratio, often achieved through quadratic programming, has constituted a popular approach for this purpose. However, real-world scenarios frequently necessitate more complex considerations, particularly in relation to portfolio diversification with a view to mitigating sector-specific risks and enhancing stability. The incorporation of diversification alongside the Sharpe Ratio into the optimization model creates a joint optimization task, which can be formulated as Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) and addressed using quantum annealing or hybrid computing techniques. These techniques offer promising solutions. We present a novel QUBO formulation for this optimization, detailing its mathematical formulation and demonstrating its advantages over classical methods, particularly in handling diversification objectives. By leveraging available QUBO solvers and hybrid approaches, we explore the feasibility of handling large-scale problems while highlighting the importance of diversification in achieving robust portfolio performance. We finally elaborate on the results showing the trade-off between the observed values of the portfolio’s Sharpe Ratio and diversification, as a natural consequence of solving a multi-objective optimization problem.
Prolonged Response of River Terrace Flooding to Climate Change
Authors: Vandenberghe Jef , Wang Xianyan , Yang Xun
Published: May 2024

From the start of river incision onward, the abandoned terrace surface is only reached by floods during peak discharges. Two main flood facies are distinguished: a relatively high-energetic, coarse-grained facies and a relatively low-energetic, fine-grained facies. In general, the flood deposits become gradually finer-grained and the finer-grained facies relatively more prominent when the river incises progressively deeper. This signifies a delayed and prolonged effect of channel incision and flood deposition compared with the climate changes that initiated the incision. However, these long-term trends may be interrupted by shorter-term events of flooding or non-deposition. Those short events are expressed by cycles of coarse-grained deposits from small/shallow flooding channels due to short peak discharges or fine-grained suspended sediment and incipient soils during periods of low flow. These short events may be attributed to short climatic episodes or intermittent intrinsic river evolution.
Palaeoenvironmental Conditions of the Upper Middle Pleistocene Warm Intervals in the Upper Volga Region, Northwestern Russia, Based on Palynological, Paleocarpological and Quantitative Geochronological Data
Authors: Panin Andrei , Konstantinov Evgeny , Borisova Olga , Zyuganova Inna , Baranov Dmitrii , Karpukhina Natalia , Utkina Anna , Naryshkina Natalia , Kurbanov Redzhep
Published: May 2024

The climatostratigraphic scale of the Upper Middle Pleistocene in the northwest of the East European Plain contains a number of controversial issues, one of which is the position of the Likhvin (Holstein) Interglacial and lesser warm (interstadial) climatic events. To approach this problem, we have studied two sections of Quaternary deposits, Bolshaya Kosha (a well-known and long-studied natural exposure) and Nazarovo (a new, previously unknown section studied in a borehole), in which warm intervals of the Middle Pleistocene are recognized. In both sections, we performed lithological and paleobiological (carpological, spore-pollen) analyses and luminescence dating. In the Bolshaya Kosha section, seeds of the extinct species Caulinia goretskyi were revealed, which allowed us to attribute the obtained IRSL (ca 250–260 ka) dates to the post-Likhvin Bolshaya Kosha interstadial. The sum of data let us propose that both our IRSL and recently published 230Th/U dates (ca 240–290 ka) underestimate the age by 10–15%, and the post-Likhvin Kosha interstadial deposits were formed in the late MIS 9. In the Nazarovo section, palynological study showed the conditions of a relatively warm interstadial, with a change in the composition of vegetation from northern to middle taiga forests. According to IRSL dating, the section was formed in the MIS 10 late glacial between 330–370 ka. The two studied interstadials bracket the Likhvin (Holstein) Interglacial and sedimentary units in the Bolshaya Kosha section are proposed to have formed in MIS 9e.
The G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor GPER in the Development and Progression of Cancer
Authors: Torres-López Liliana , Olivas-Aguirre Miguel , Dobrovinskaya Oxana
Published: May 2024

The high incidence of cancer and the prevalence of chemoresistance are serious problems worldwide, underscoring the urgency of novel research focused on understanding the underlying mechanisms and finding new therapeutic targets. Recently, the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) has received increasing attention, and it has been studied in various models, including physiological and pathological conditions, using appropriate pharmacological and molecular biological strategies. Numerous studies indicate that GPER plays an important role in cancer progression and resistance. This review focuses on the structure of GPER, the diversity of its ligands and GPER-activated signaling pathways, the role of GPER in cancer progression, and mechanisms of chemoresistance, with special emphasis on different cancer types and the tumor microenvironment. GPER was evidenced to exhibit conformational plasticity and different ligand binding modes. Therefore, GPER-mediated effects can be triggered by estrogens or various estrogen mimetics, including synthesized compounds, licensed drugs, or exogenous environmental compounds. We found multiple reports evidencing that GPER is differentially expressed in healthy tissues and tumors and plays a protumor role in breast, ovarian, lung, thyroid, and endometrial cancers. Additionally, there are several studies that indicate that GPER expression in cells of the tumor microenvironment may also contribute to cancer progression. Among the major mechanisms of GPER-mediated chemoresistance are the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, the overexpression of multidrug resistance pumps, and autophagy regulation.
Shedding Some Light on Economics in Philippians: Phil 4:10–20 and the Socio-Economic Situation of the Community
Authors: Wojtkowiak Heiko
Published: May 2024

This essay considers what conclusions may be drawn concerning the socio-economic situation of the Philippian community from Paul’s response to the Philippians’ gift in Phil 4:10–20. It contributes to the recent discussions of the socio-economic situation of the Pauline communities, as well as to the current understanding of the possibilities, challenges, and limitations of a social-scientific interpretation of this letter. Phil 4:10–20 includes several potential hints about the Philippians’ socio-economic situation. These could indicate that their situation is quite precarious under shifting economic circumstances. Immediately after Paul founded the community, the Philippians supported him twice (4:15f). Afterward, however, they did not have the opportunity to do so, although they kept it in mind (4:10: ἐφ’ ᾧ καὶ ἐφρονεῖτε, ἠκαιρεῖσθε δέ). Eventually, they were able to send another, apparently large, gift to the imprisoned apostle (4:18). As a part of his response to this gift, Paul explicates his self-sufficient lifestyle (4:11–13), possibly as an example for the Philippians. He also promises them that God will satisfy all their needs (4:19), which may be understood as a consolation in view of socio-economic distress. This study reconsiders the potential socio-scientific interpretations of these hints. It explores to what extent they (even collectively) may shed light on the socio-economic situation of the Philippian community. In doing so, it also points out the uncertainties and challenges such an interpretation must address. It thus shows how the scope of social-scientific interpretation, at least in this case, is limited.
Plant-Based Extracts as Reducing, Capping, and Stabilizing Agents for the Green Synthesis of Inorganic Nanoparticles
Authors: Villagrán Zuamí , Anaya-Esparza Luis Miguel , Velázquez-Carriles Carlos Arnulfo , Silva-Jara Jorge Manuel , Ruvalcaba-Gómez José Martín , Aurora-Vigo Edward F. , Rodríguez-Lafitte Ernesto , Rodríguez-Barajas Noé , Balderas-León Iván , Martínez-Esquivias Fernando
Published: May 2024

The synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles for diverse applications is an active research area that involves physical and chemical methods, which typically are expensive, involve hazardous chemical reagents, use complex equipment and synthesis conditions, and consume large amounts of time and energy. Thus, green synthesis methods have emerged as eco-friendly and easy alternatives for inorganic nanoparticle synthesis, particularly the use of plant-based extracts from fruit juice, leaves, seeds, peel, stem, barks, and roots, which act as reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents, contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals and circular economy principles. Therefore, diverse inorganic nanoparticles have been synthesized using plant-based extracts, including gold, silver, titanium dioxide, zinc, copper, platinum, zirconium, iron, selenium, magnesium, nickel, sulfur, cobalt, palladium, and indium nanoparticles, which exhibit different biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, dye degradation, cytotoxic, analgesic, sedative, wound-healing, skin protection, sensor development, and plant-growth-promoting effects. Therefore, this review summarizes the advantages and limitations of plant-based extracts as reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents for inorganic nanoparticle green synthesis.
Optimization of Q and R Matrices with Genetic Algorithms to Reduce Oscillations in a Rotary Flexible Link System
Authors: Saldaña Enderica Carlos Alberto , Llata José Ramon , Torre-Ferrero Carlos
Published: May 2024

Automatic control of robots with flexible links has been a pivotal subject in control engineering and robotics due to the challenges posed by vibrations during repetitive movements. These vibrations affect the system’s performance and accuracy, potentially causing errors, wear, and failures. LQR control is a common technique for vibration control, but determining the optimal weight matrices [Q] and [R] is a complex and crucial task. This paper proposes a methodology based on genetic algorithms to define the [Q] and [R] matrices according to design requirements. MATLAB and Simulink, along with data provided by Quanser, will be used to model and evaluate the performance of the proposed approach. The process will include testing and iterative adjustments to optimize performance. The work aims to improve the control of robots with flexible links, offering a methodology that allows for the design of LQR control under the design requirements of controllers used in classical control through the use of genetic algorithms.