bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Mechanism of Action of 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid
Authors: Goldacre PL
Published: July 2016

The use of synthetic plant growth-regulating compounds is of increasing economic importance in agriculture but little is known of their fundamental mechanism of action. The hormone-like character and general structural similarity of certain substituted aryl-acetates and -oxyacetates or their potential precursors (Zimmerman and Hitchcock 1941-42) to that of indole-3-acetic acid (LA.A.) suggest that these compounds may act indirectly by altering the activity of this natural plant hormone. Tang and Bonner (1947) have partially characterized an enzyme prepared from pea epicotyls (and referred to here as LA.A. oxidase) which oxidizes and inactivates LA.A. On adding 11 auxin analogues to a crude enzyme preparation they found no change in the rate of LA.A. inactivation. However, as these workers used a substrate (LA.A.) concentration that was rate-limiting, the only rate-change necessarily to be detected would have been a decrease due to competition with the substrate.
On the Vegetative Forms and Life History of Chloromyxum Thyrsites Gilchrist and Its Doubtful Systematic Position
Authors: Willis AG
Published: July 2016

The association between a myxosporidian parasite, Chloromyxum thyrsites, and "milky" specimens of the gempylid fish Thyrsites atun has been previously described by Johnson and Cleland (1910) and Gilchrist (1924). This association has been again confirmed in the present work with the addition of observations, from post-mortem studies, which show that there is a close correlation between the presence of aggregates of the parasite and the progressive liquefaction of the somatic muscular tissues (the condition of "milkiness" which may affect from 5-7 per cent. of the commercial catches of Thyrsites atun).
Inactivation of Gonadotrophins
Authors: Whitten VK
Published: July 2016

Serum gonadotrophin was rapidly but not completely inactivated by dilutesolutions of potassium periodate. The effect of time and of concentration ofperiodate on the reaction were studied. No evidence was obtained of an increasein activity after treatment with still greater dilutions of periodate.
Molybdenum in Nitrogen Metabolism of Legumes and Non-Legumes
Authors: Anderson AJ , Spencer D
Published: July 2016

A study was made of the growth and nitrogen metabolism of plants inrelation to molybdenum supply. Four soils low in available molybdenum wereused in pot cultures for this work.
The Spermatogenic Cycle of the Guinea Pig
Authors: Cleland KW
Published: July 2016

The cell types distinguishable on a nuclear basis during the spermatogenic cycle of the guinea pig are described and an outline of the layer and generation structure of the seminiferous tubule presented.
Tertiary Araucariaceae From South-Eastern Australia, With Notes on Living Species
Authors: Cookson IsabeIC , L Duigan Suzanne
Published: July 2016

The foliage shoots, male cones, and female cone-scales of a new Tertiary species of Araucaria, section Eutacta, from the brown coal at Yallourn, Victoria, have been described; leaves and male and female cones possessing the general features that characterize species of Agathis have been identified. Leaves of a second species of Agathis have been distinguished in a bed associated with the brown coal at Bacchus Marsh, near Melbourne, Vic.
Further Host Range and Transmission Studies With a Virus Disease of Carrot Endemic in Australia
Authors: Stubbs LL
Published: July 2016

Further host range studies with the carrot virus are described. The aphid Cavariella aegopodii Scopoli transmitted the virus to several non-umbelliferous species, but failed to recover the virus from these species. It was observed, however, that they were extremely unpalatable and possibly toxic to the vector.
Enzymes of Aspergillus Oryzae V. Ethanol Fractionation at Low Ionic Strengths
Authors: Gillespie JM , ood EFW
Published: July 2016

Moving boundary and paper electrophoresis were applied to crude and deionized enzyme preparations from cultures of Aspergillus oryzae. Five main protein components were observed by both methods and four additional minor components were demonstrated with the paper method.
Regeneration and the Moulting Cycle in Blattella Germanica L. I. Single Regeneration Initiated During the First Instar
Authors: O'farrell AF , Stock A
Published: July 2016

The effects of removal of the left metathoracic leg of BlatteUa germanica at the proximal autotomy plane, i.e. between trochanter and femur, are described from operations on animals at known ages in the first instar, at temperatures of 25 and 30�C, 70-80 per cent. R.H. Either a completely differentiated regenerate or an undifferentiated papilla, but never an intermediate, appears at the first moult after operation. Where a papilla is produced the complete regenerate appears at the second moult after operation.
Induction and Inhibition of the Second Polar Division in the Rat Egg and Subsequent Fertilization
Authors: Austin CR , Braden AWH
Published: July 2016

Among 227 eggs from 23 untreated oestrous rats, the first polar body had persisted in three eggs. (l.3 per cent.) and the second polar division had occurred spontaneously in two eggs (0.9 per cent.).
The Physiology of Growth in Apple Fruits VII. Between-Tree Variation of Cell Physiology in Relation to Disorder Incidence
Authors: Martin D , Lewis TL , Cerny J
Published: July 2016

Mean cortical cell size, soluble and protein nitrogen per cell, preclimacteric respiration, mean fruit size, and incidence of disorders have been studied for fruit of each tree in a plot of 35 trees of Jonathan variety. These trees were remarkably uniform with regard to soil, aspect, tree size, and pollinating variety, but provided a range of mean fruit size per tree.
A Study of Cysteine Desulphydrase in Certain Insects
Authors: Powning RF
Published: July 2016

An enzyme capable of liberating H2S from l-cysteine in vitro (cysteine desulphydrase) is present in insect tissues. The clothes moth (Tineola bisselliella Humm.) has a highly active desulphydrase apparently concentrated in the gut, whilst some other insects have little or no activity. Aqueous enzyme solutions from insects are unstable, their optimum pH ranges between pH 7�8 and 8�9, they are inhibited by NaCl and KN03 (both at 0�42M), and Asps, NaHS03 , and phenylhydrazine (all at 10-2M), but they are not affected by semicarbazide, thiourea, sodium pyrophosphate, or sodium fluoride (all at 1O-2M). KCN (10- 2M) activates clothes moth preparations, has no effect on those of carpet beetle, and inhibits some other insect enzymes.
Bacterial Oxidation of Arsenite I. Description of Bacteria Isolated From Arsenical Cattle-Dipping Fluids
Authors: Turner AW
Published: July 2016

From arsenical cattle-dipping fluids from Queensland, in which spontaneous oxidation of arsenite to arsenate had occurred, 15 strains of bacteria were isolated which are able to bring about oxidation of arsenite in culture media. Their characteristics, their taxonomy, and some factors which influence their arsenite-oxidizing activity are described. The strains share many common features, but do not form a homogeneous group. They are regarded as constituting five species, of which three belong to the genus Pseudomonas, and one to the genus Xanthomonas, in the family Pseudomonadaceae; the remaining species is allotted to the genus Achromobacter, in the family Achromobacteriaceae.
Bacterial Oxidation of Arsenite IV. Some Properties of the Bacterial Cytochromes
Authors: Legge JW
Published: July 2016

Cytochromes band c were observed in all subs trains of Pseudomonas arsenoxydans- quinque examined; in some substrains, however, cytochrome a was not visible. Such strains poor in cytochrome a were less efficient arsenite oxidizers than those in which this cytochrome component was detectable.
The Number of Sperms About the Eggs in Mammals and its Significance for Normal Fertilization
Authors: Braden AWH , Austin CR
Published: July 2016

Figures are given for the numbers of sperms at the site of fertilization in normaJly mated rats, mice, and sheep, and also in rats and rabbits mated at the time of ovulation or later. For the sheep, data are also given on the distribution of sperms throughout the female genital tract.
The Response of the Young Tomato Plant to a Brief Period of Water Shortage
Authors: Gates CT
Published: July 2016

The growth response was determined of young tomato plants subjected to wilting treatments of short duration. The experiments were conducted in pots in the glasshouse using Jondaryan loam, and the wilting treatments were at a "moderate" and a "severe" level. Even with the severe treatment, soil water did not fall below the permanent wilting percentage.
The Interaction of Light and Temperature in Determining the Growth Rate of Subterranean Clover (Trifolium Subterraneum l.)
Authors: Black JN
Published: July 2016

An experiment is described in which the growth of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) in the early vegetative stage was measured over 52 consecutive weekly periods. To eliminate possible trends of growth rates with age, plants of comparable morphological stage were used for each period. The variety Bacchus Marsh was grown in pot culture in the open at the Waite Agricultural Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia.
The Effect of Light on Zinc Deficiency in Subterranean Clover (Trifolium Subterraneum L.)
Authors: Ozanne PG
Published: July 2016

The effects of light on zinc response were investigated by growing subtermnean clover under daylight of various intensities. Plants were grown in limed Muchea sand and the zinc response was measured as the difference in dry weight between plants with and without added zinc. The light intensities are given as the mean daily maximum intensities.
The Amino Acid Composition of Keratins
Authors: Simmonds DH
Published: July 2016

The amino acid composition of 16-hr 6N HCI hydrolysates of three qualities of commercially classified wools has now been determined using the technique of Moore and Stein (1951). In this paper the results obtained on samples of Merino 70's and Corriedale 56's wool are compared with those previously reported for Merino wool of 64's quality. The overall pattern of the amino acid composition of the three wools is similar although small variations between the wools are observed with some of the amino acids.
Fungal Cellulases IV. PRODUCTION AND PURIFICATION OF AN EXTRACELLULAR ,a-GLUCOSIDASE OF
STACHYBOTRYS ATRA
Authors: Jermyn MA
Published: July 2016

The accumulation of,B-glucosidase in shake cultures of Stachybotrys atra is dependent on a variety� of physiological conditions but there is no evidence that it is induced by the presence of ,B-glucosides in the medium. One strain of the. mould requires a factor present in yeast� extract for the production of the enzyme.
The Response of the Young Tomato Plant to a Brief Period of Water Shortage III. Drifts in Nitrogen and Phosphorus
Authors: Gates CT
Published: July 2016

The drifts in nitrogen and phosphorus for the whole plant, its principal parts, and the laminae and petioles of the individual leaves are considered for tomato plants sUbjected to a brief period of wilting after they had developed eight easily manipulable
Studies on Phytocides II. Tests of Chlorinated Aryloxymethylphosphonous and Phosphonic Acids As Poisons and Auxins
Authors: Greenham CG
Published: July 2016

Tests were made on pea epicotyls or oat coleoptiles with o-chloro-, p-chloro-, 2,4-dichloro-, and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxymethylphosphonous acids. The first compound behaved like a weak auxin, the third like an inactive substance or antiauxin (depending on the test), and the remainder like anti-auxins. The compounds usually showed some toxicity, which was far less than that of the corresponding carboxylic acids.
The Development and Replacement of Pelage Hairs in the Bandicoot Perameleb Nasuta Geoffroy (Marsupialia : Peramelidae)
Authors: Lyne AG
Published: July 2016

A histological study has been made of the development and replacement of pelage hairs in the bandicoot, Perameles nasuta Geoffroy. Skin samples were taken from the mid-lateral region of the trunks of 18 specimens from eight different litters at estimated ages ranging from birth to 526 days. Six specimens were sampled more than once.
Composition of the Nitrogen Fraction of Apple Tracheal Sap
Authors: Bollard EG
Published: July 2016

Organic nitrogenous compounds accounted for most of the nitrogen present in apple tracheal sap. Aspartic acid, asparagine, and glutamine were quantitatively the most important compounds. Glutamic acid and other amino acids were also present as well as a peptide-like substance. While apple variety, rootstock, or manurial treatment may have had effects on level of nitrogen in tracheal sap they seem to have had little effect on proportions of nitrogenous compounds present. Through the growing season, however, there was a definite change in proportions of some of the constituents. The composition of the soluble� nitrogen fraction of leaves and fruits showed distinct differences from the composition of tracheal sap.
Pathology of Infestation of the rat With Nippostrongylus Muris (Yokogawa) I. Changes in the Water Content, Dry Weight, and Tissues of the Small Intestine
Authors: Symons LEA
Published: July 2016

The fresh weight of the rat's small intestine together with its contents, as well as the intestinal tissue alone, was doubled during the 15 days following infestation by the nematode N. muris (Yokogawa, 1920). This increase, which was independent of the growth of the rat, was largely due to a two-fold increase in the water content of both the lumen and the tissues. The dry weight of the tissues was increased by half.
Physiology of Pea Fruits V. Phosphate Compounds in the Developing Seed
Authors: Rowan KS , H Turner Donella
Published: July 2016

The changes in concentration of total phosphorus, total acid�soluble phosphorus, inorganic phosphorus, hexose phosphates, and adenosine pyrophosphates were measured in maturing seed of the pea (Pisum sativum L.) at different times from flowering.
Simulation of Genetic Systems by Automatic Digital Computers I. Introduction
Authors: Fraser AS
Published: July 2016

Methods of setting automatic digital computers to simulate the algebraic aspects of reproduction, segregation, and selection are discussed. The application of these methods to the problem of the importance of linkage in multifactorial inheritance is illustrated by results from the SILLIAC.
Effects of Some Inorganic Nitrogenous Substances on Growth and Nitrogen Assimilation of Young Plant Embryos in Vitro
Authors: Rijven AHGC
Published: July 2016

Young excised embryos of Anagallis arvensis L. (Primulaceae) and of the cruciferous species Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., Oapsella bursa.pastoris (L.) Moench., and Sisymbrium orientale L. were fed with inorganic and organic nitrogenous compounds whilst they were kept in "sitting drop" cultures for periods of 48 and 96 hr.
Fungal Cellulases IX. Growth of Stachybotrys Atra on Cellulose and Production of a b-Glucosidase Hydrolysing Cellobiose
Authors: Youatt G
Published: July 2016

The growth of Stachybotrys atra on an improved Waksman-Carey medium containing cellulose as the sole carbon source is described. Under these conditions the organism produces an extracellular cellulase and an intracellular ,8-glucosidase which is vcapable of hydrolysing cellobiose. Some properties of this ,8-glucosidase are discussed.
Studies on Phytoalexins I. The Formation and the Immunological Significance of Phytoalexin Produced by Phaseolus Vulgaris in Response to Infections With Sclerotinia Fructicola and Phytophthora Infestans
Authors: Müller KO
Published: July 2016

In using the inner epidermis of Phaseolu8 vulgaris pods as host .tissue and Sclerotinia jructicola and Phytophthora infestans as pathogens which interact in a hypersensitive fashion, a principle (or principles?) was separated from the former which exerts a strongly inhibitory effect on the growth of the latter. It is shown that this principle (phytoalexin):
Studies in Anaphylaxis III. Re-Examination of Scores for Anaphylaxis Using Four Inbred Lines of Mice
Authors: Claringbold PJ , Sobey WR
Published: July 2016

Two significant scores were calculated from anaphylactic tests in four inbred lines of mice. The dominant score proved to be highly correlated (r = 0�966) with the score derived in Part I of this series (Claringbold and Sobey 1957). The implications of the second significant score are discussed.
A Study of High Temperature Lesions in Arabidopsis Thaliana
Authors: Langridge J , Griffing B
Published: July 2016

The composite hypothesis under test is that (i) at certain temperature extremes plant growth is depressed by the inactivation of one or a few especially sensitive reactions, and (ii) such growth depression may be prevented by providing the plant with the normal products of the inhibited reactions. Appropriate experimental designs and statistical criteria to test this hypothesis are formulated.
The Effect of Chloride on the Free Amino Acids of Cabbage and Cauliflower Plants
Authors: Freney JR , Delwiche CC , Johnson CM
Published: July 2016

Data are presented on the amino acid composition of two varieties of Brassica oleracea as influenced by supply of chloride ion to the plant.
Studies in the Natural Coating of Apples IV. the Nature of Cutin
Authors: Huelin FE
Published: July 2016

Cutin purified with snail gut extract yielded, on alkaline hydrolysis, ethersoluble acids, a water-soluble fraction containing carbohydrates, and an insoluble fraction containing protein. A number of sugars and amino acids were identified in the acid hydrolysates of the last two fractions.
The Adsorption by Aerobacter Aerogenes of P-Hydroxybenzoic Acid and Its Esters and of Sodium Benzoate at Different Ph Levels
Authors: Barbour RGH
Published: July 2016

Heavy suspensions of Aerobacter aeroqenes were used to measure the adsorption of sodium benzoate and of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and its methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl esters. It was found that the adsorbability of the esters increased logarithmically with increasing chain length of the ester group. Surface activity also increased logarithmically with chain length. A close parallel was observed between the adsorption of the compounds and their antimicrobial effectiveness found by earlier workers.
Some Comparative Properties of b-Glucosidases Secreted by Fungi
Authors: Jermyn MA
Published: July 2016

Some properties of the ,B-glucosidases secreted into the medium during shake culture by a number of fungi have been measured. These properties are sufficiently alike to make it probable that the ,B-glucosidases conform to some common pattern and the biological significance of this observation is discussed.
A Method for the Isolation of Dnp-Cyteic Acid and Its Application to the Determination of N-Terminal Half-Cystine Residues in Wool.
Authors: Thompson EOP
Published: July 2016

A paper ionophoretic method is described for the isolation of dinitrophenyl (DNP)-cysteic acid from hydrolysates of oxidized DNP-proteins.
Variation of Vibrissa Number in the Mouse.
Authors: Fraser AS , Nay T , Kindred B
Published: July 2016

Tabby (TA) and crinkled (CR) stocks were crossed to study any interaction between the Ta and cr genes in their effects on the number of vibrissae in minor groups on the face.
Studies of Action Potentials in the Vacuole and Cytoplasm of Nitella
Authors: Findlay GP
Published: July 2016

Irrtraoellular microelectrodes have been used to record the action potential in the vacuole and cytoplasm of single cells of the alga N itella. The N itella cells were cultured in White's nutrient solution (9�2 X 10-3 g total salta/I) and almost all measurements of the action potential were made on cells in this solution. The resting potentials of the vacuole and cytoplasm with respect to the bathing solution are approximately equal, and have a value of -150 mV.
Hypothyroidism in the Sheep
Authors: Lascelles AK , Setchell BP
Published: July 2016

The effect of the oral administration of methyl thiouracil at three dose rates to pregnant ewes has been studied. Observations were made on foetal skeletal growth and maturity, foetal and maternal thyroid iodine, plasma-protein-bound iodine (PBI), cholesterol, phospholipid, total esterified fatty acids, and calcium. A retardation of osseous growth and a significantly greater retardation of osseous maturity was found. The thyroid iodine concentration in both ewes and foetuses and the maternal total thyroid iodine in all treated groups were decreased but the foetal total thyroid iodine was reduced only in the two highest dose rates. Significant reduction in the foetal FBI was found only with the two highest dose rates and no significant changes were found in the maternal FBI concentration. Increases in all lipid fractions and a decrease in calcium concentration were found in the foetal plasma in the treated groups.
Some Effects of Fluoride on Calcium Metabolism in the Bones of Young Rats
Authors: Dunstone JR , Payne E
Published: July 2016

Radioautography has indicated that in rats which were fed fluoride in the food at a rate of 400 p.p.m. (as sodium fluoride), and then injected with 17�6 JLc 45Ca, a process occurred which tended to cause a wider distribution of 45Ca activity throughout the epiphyseal and trabecular regions of the femora and humeri. It also appeared that the labelled calcium was retained in these regions to a greater extent than in the control animals.
The Sensitivities of Mixed Populations of Bacteria to Inhibitors
Authors: Bennett EO , Bauerle RH
Published: July 2016

A study was made oonoerning the effeots of mixed populations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Desulfovibrio desulfurioans on the sensitivities of the individual species to three groups of inhibitors. It was found that the presenoe of Ps. aeruginosa produced in some cases an increase in resistanoe of D. desulfuricans to substituted phenols, a consistent increase in resistanoe of D. desulfuricans to nitroparaffins, and had no marked effect on their sensitivity to mercurials.
Pathology of Infestation of the Rat With Nippostrongylus Muris (Yokogawa) III. Jejunal Fluxes in Vivo of Water, Sodium, and Chloride
Authors: Symons LEA
Published: July 2016

The net fluxes of water, sodium, and chloride were measured in vivo by perfusion of the jejunum. There was a net absorption of these three substances from isotonic saline solutions in normal rats, but a net influx to the lumen in each instance in rats infested with the nematode Nippo8trongylu8 muri8. The unidirectional fluxes of sodium and the net fluxes during perfusion with hypo- and hypertonic saline solutions indicated that this was fundamentally due to a derangement of efflux while influx was unaffected. The gross effect, however, was also due to an increase of influx because of the greater weight of mucosal tissue per centimetre of jejunum in the infested animal. The unidirectional fluxes of water did not support these conclusions unequivocally. The fluid which accumulates in the infested� small intestine can be explained by these results.
Simulation of Genetic Systems by Automatic Digital Computers VII. Effects of Reproductive Ra'l'e, and Intensity of Selection, on Genetic Structure
Authors: Fraser AS
Published: July 2016

Simulation by Monte Carlo methods of the effect of selection against pheno. typic extremes has shown that selection can produce a degree of genetic canali� zation which is more restrictive than that indicated by the limits of selection, showing that canalization of a rigid degree can be caused by loose selection.
Accommodation of Linkage in Mass Selection Theory
Authors: Griffing B
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this paper is to develop mass selection theory which will accommodate not only linkage but will provide for different recombinatlOn frequencies in the two sexes.
Experimental Studies on Pole Cells and Midgut Differentiation in Diptera
Authors: Poulson DF , Waterhouse DF
Published: July 2016

Highly localized irradiation with ultraviolet of the posterior polar region of eggs of Drosophila melanogaster and Lucilia cuprina in pre.pole cell and pole cell stages results in reduction in numbers of the cuprophilic cells of the middle midgut as well as in reduction of gonad size and number. Carefully timed eggs were exposed to dosages of ultraviolet (from a source giving about 90 per cent. at wavelength 2536 A) ranging from 1200 to 2400 I-' W sec/cm2 over periods of 2-4 min. Treatments at the time of active pole cell formation were found to be most effective in producing defects of both gut and gonads, thus demon� strating the common origin of the cuprophilic cells of the middle midgut and the germ cells of the gonads.
Studies on Chitin IV. The Occurrence of Complexes in Which Chitin and Protein are Covalently Linked
Authors: Hackman RH
Published: July 2016

Samples of chitin have been prepared from the cuticles of insects and crustacea, from cuttlefish shell, and from the skeletal pen of squid. In every case protein was bound by covalent bonds to the chitin so forming stable complexes (glycoproteins). Glycoproteins from different sources contained differing amounts of chitin and protein, the ratio of chitin to protein varying from 1 : 1 to 20 : 1. The protein would appear to be linked to the chitin through aspartyl or histidyl residues or both and each glycoprotein is polydisperse. The chitin preparations included glycoproteins which contained a;- and {3-type chitina and also a third and different type of chitin. The amino acid composition of the protein components of the glycoproteins has been determined. It ia probable that chitin does not occur uncombined with protein.
The Transmission of Cauliflower Mosaic Virus by Aphids
Authors: Day MF , Venables DG
Published: July 2016

Cauliflower mosaic virus (ClMV) has some characteristics of both non-persistent and persistent aphid-borne viruses. It has been shown that ClMV is a true nonpersistent virus, and it is suggested that the unusual features of its, transmission characteristics are due to its relative stability and its distribution in the tissues of the plant. These considerations lead to more precise definitions of the terms "persistent" and "non-persistent".
The Effect of Some Extraction Solvents on the Chemical Structure of the Starches from tobacco Leaf and Potato Tubers
Authors: Matheson NK , Wheatley JM
Published: July 2016

Tobacco leaf starch has been isolated as granules by mechanical extraction, and the viscosity, amylose content, f3-amylolysis limit, starch-iodine complex absorption spectrum, and apparent chain length compared with samples extracted by perchloric acid, sodium hydroxide, and chloral solution and purified as the starch-iodine complex. The efficiency of extraction of these methods was also compared. The same comparisons were made with potato granules and potato granules treated with these extracting reagents.
Body Temperatures in Some Australian Mammals II.Peramelidae
Authors: Morrison PR
Published: July 2016

Body temperature measurements on the short-nosed bandicoot (Thylacis obeaulus) have shown a nocturnal cycle with a range of 1� 2�C and a short active phase at 2200-0400 hr. The bilby or rabbit bandicoot (Macrotis lagoti8) had a sharply defined temperature cycle, with a range of almost 3�C after several months of captivity, during which the day-time resting temperature was progressively lowered from 36� 4 to 34� 2�C. Forced activity raised the diurnal temperature substantially but not to the nocturnal level. Forced activity did not raise the nocturnal level which was similar in the two species (37' O�C). Both species could regulate effectively at an ambient temperature of 5�C, but only Thylaci8 showed regulation at ambient temperatures of between 30 and 40�C.
The Conversion of Gentisic Acid to Maleylpyruvic Acid by an Aohromobaoter Species
Authors: Ladd JN
Published: July 2016

Simultaneous adaptation experiments with washed cell suspensions of an Achromobacter species indicate that this organism metabolizes anthranilic acid and N-(carboxymethyl)anthranilic acid (CMAA) via gentisic acid (Ladd, unpublished data). It is the purpose of this communication to show that cell-free extracts, prepared from cells adapted to anthranilic acid or CMAA, oxidize gentisic acid to maleylpyruvic acid similarly to Pseudomonas spp. used by Lack (1959, 1961) and by Sugiyama et al. (1960).
The Molecular Weight of a Purified High-Sulphur Protein Derived from Wool
Authors: Harrap BS
Published: July 2016

Gillespie (1962) has described the separation and purification of a highsulphur protein component (SCMKB1) produced from a reduced and alkylated extract of Merino wool. This protein derivative gives a single peak on electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation over a wide pH range. From its hydrodynamic properties Gillespie estimated its molecular weight to be in the vicinity of 25,000-27,000. It was of interest to check this value by the light-scattering technique since values so obtained are very sensitive to the presence of higher molecular weight impurities.
Studies on Oxidized Wool VI. Interactions Between High- and Low-'Sulphur Proteins and their Significance in the Purification of Extracted Wool Proteins
Authors: O'donnel IJ , Thompson EOP
Published: July 2016

The amounts of protein extractable from wool following oxidation with performic acid, and the yields of high. sulphur (y�keratose) and low� sulphur (",-keratose) fractions have been shown to depend markedly on the conditions of dialysis used to remove excess performic acid reagent. The results are explained by assuming that denaturation occurs in warm dilute formic acid. Following denaturation in this way, or following exposure to solutions of trichloroacetic acid or to alkali at pH 11, the extracted proteins are more readily separated into high. and low� sulphur fractions.
Studies on Reduced Wool I. The Extent of Reduotion of Wool with Inoreasing Conoentrations of Thiol, and the Extraotion of Proteins from Reduoed and Alkylated Wool
Authors: Thompson EOP , O'donnell IJ
Published: July 2016

The reduction of wool with mercaptoethanol and thioglycollate at pH 5 has been compared by measuring the disulphide contents of the reduced wool after alkylation of the thiol groups with iodoacetate at pH 8�5--9. Mercaptoethanol and thioglycollate are very similar in their extent of reduction of wool at low concentrations of thiol but the neutral thiol is more effective as a reducing agent at high concentrations. In contrast with the earlier findings of Patterson et al.
Starch-Gel Electrophoresis of Wheat Flour Proteins
Authors: SD Graham Janet
Published: July 2016

An improved apparatus and procedures for starch-gel electrophoresis of proteins of wheat flour are described; highly reproducible separation of the protein components was achieved. By starch-gel electrophoresis it was shown that similar protein components occur in the extracts of wheat flour obtained with a variety of solvents; however, there were marked differences in the proportions of these components in various extracts. Several protein components were present in the fJ'actions separated by ion-exchange chromatography of' the proteins soluble in Bodium pyrophosphate and of those soluble in acetic acid; some fractions containeda number of similar protein components.
Amino Acids and Protein Synthesis in Developing Wheat Endosperm
Authors: Jennings AC , Morton RK
Published: July 2016

The amino acid composition of several protein fractions of developing wheat endosperm (cv. Gabo, grown in 1960 in Adelaide) was determined by ion-exchange chromatography. There were considerable differences in the compositions of the fractions extracted by pyrophosphate, acetic acid, and by sodium hydroxide. The composition of the fraction extracted by acetic acid remained relatively constant during development whereas there were changes in the compositions of the fractions extracted by pyrophosphate buffer, and by sodium hydroxide.
Studies on the Growth of the Barley Apex I. Interrelationships Between Primordium Formation, Apex Length, .and Spikelet Development
Authors: Nicholls PB , May lH
Published: July 2016

A detailed study has been made of the morphology of the spring.barley apex from shortly after germination to shortly before heading. The effects of 8- and 24-hr light periods and three levels of soil-moisture tension were examined with reference to the total number of primordia initiated on the main stem, the length of the apex, and the rate of spikelet development.
Proteolysis of Wool and its S-Carboxymethyl Derivatives by Pronase and Other Proteases
Authors: Springell PH
Published: July 2016

The proteolysis of native Merino wool by pronase, a protease from Streptomyces griMm, was shown to resemble that of other proteases in liberating cortioal cells and solubilizing less than 20% of the fibre.
Ultrastructure of the Developing Aleurone Cells of Wheat Grain
Authors: Buttrose MS
Published: July 2016

The developing aleurone layer cells of the wheat kernel have been investigated by electron microscopy and the results compared with those of light microscopy. Two weeks after flowering vacuoles appear in the cells and deposits accumulate in these until maturity when the cells are filled 'with the resulting "vacuolar units" 2-3p. in diameter, corresponding to the aleurone grains of light microscopy. The wheat aleurone grain consists of a bounding membrane (of vacuole origin) enclosing a matrix in which are embedded spherical deposits. Some of these deposits are translucent and others opaque to electrons after potassium permanganate and osmium tetroxide fixation. At all stages examined the cytoplasm of aleurone cells contained large numbers of small unidentified bodies with irregular outline and dense contents. At first they are dispersed, but towards maturity are organized as a monolayer over the surface of each aleurone grain and the inner surface of the cell walls. The apparent specificity of these structures to aleurone cells is discussed in relation to future chemical and physiological studies of the tissue.
Overwintering of Clover Nodules in Alpine Conditions
Authors: Bergersen FJ , Hely FW , Costin AB
Published: July 2016

As part of a programme investigating soil conservation in the Snowy Mountains area of New South Wales, trials were conducted in which seedlings of Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb. and T. repens L. (Ladino clover) were planted in the spring of 1960 in eroded areas on Carruthers Peak adjacent to Mt. Kosciusko (lat. 36� 24'S., long. 14So IS'E.) at an elevation of about 7000 ft. Seedlings were raised in seed boxes of soil which had been massively inoculated with appropriate strains of nodule bacteria. Effectively nodulated seedlings were transplanted into peat cups filled with soil. This step was necessary because of the extreme host variation with respect to nodule formation and effectiveness in T. ambiguum (Hely 1957, 1963). The cups were planted intact together with a complete fertilizer mixture; at that stage all plants were well nodulated and the soil in the cups contained large numbers of nodule bacteria.
Oxidation of Thiosulphate By Intact Cells of Thiobacillus X: Effects of Some Experimental Conditions
Authors: Trudinger PA
Published: July 2016

Low cell concentrations of Thiobacillus X. grown with low aeration, failed to oxidize thiosulphate to completion in air, and tetra.thionate accumulated. The extent to which thiosulphate was oxidized was decreased in 100% oxygen and depended upon the substrate concentration.
Variation of Soutellar Bristles in Drosophila
Authors: R Pennycuik Pamela , Fraser A
Published: July 2016

Three strains (70, 71, and 73) of D. melanogaster, wild type for the scute locus, were exposed to temperatures of 16, 20, 25, and 30�0 during larval development. They were found to vary in their temperature response; strain 70 showed a maximum development of additional bristles at the anterior site at l6�C, additional bristles were most frequent at the interstitial site between 20 and 25�0, and extra bristles at the posterior site rose to a maximum at 30�0; in strain 71 only tho maximum for the anterior site at 16�C was observed; strain 73 had very few additional bristles at any site over the entire temperature range. Modification of the size of the flies by growing them under crowded conditions or by enriching the modium had no effect on the pattern of the temperature response.
Observations With the Electron Microscope of Myxoma Virus on Mosquito Mouthparts
Authors: Filshie BK
Published: July 2016

The stylets of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes which have fed on rabbits infected with myxomat,osis have been examinod with the electron microscope. Virus particles were observed adhering to the mouthpa.rts. The means of attachment, the totol number of particles, and the distribution along the stylets are discussed.
A Note on the Estimation of Larval Concentrations on Pasture
Authors: Tallis GM
Published: July 2016

In a recent paper by Tallis and Donald (1964)t [which will be referred to subsequently
as (T.D.)] models were developed to describe the distribution on pasture
of the infective larvae of gastrointestinal nematode parasites of sheep. It was pointed
out that the distribution of faecal deposits, the number of eggs per deposit, and the
developmental rate to the infective larval stage were three important components
determining the total larval distribution. Moreover, formulae for the expected
concentration of larvae on the pasture lead to straightforward methods of estimation
which are free from large biases.
The Synthesis of Dna and Nuclear Protein by Gonocytes in the Testes of Normal and X-Irradiated Ratr
Authors: Sapsford CS
Published: July 2016

It had previously been found that treatment of the testes of rats at 4 days of age with X-rays (300 r) suppressed mitotic activity in gonocytes and between 5 and 8 days of age these cells, together with their nuclei and nucleoli, became markedly increased in size.
The Growth and Composition of Wool III. Variations in the Sulphur Content of Wool
Authors: Reis PJ
Published: July 2016

The sulphur content of wool was measured during experiments in which the nutritive status of sheep was altered by changes in the amount or composition of the diet. Three experiments were carried out, involving 13 sheep and five diets given at different levels of feeding. Wool grown on delineated areas was collected and its clean dry weight and sulphur content were determined. Wool growth rates varied between 0�3 and 1� 8 mg clean dry wool/cm2/day.
The Sugar Content of Cell Walls and Intercellular Spaces in Sugar-Cane Stems and its Relation to Sugar Transport
Authors: Hawker JS
Published: July 2016

In sugar-cane stems which contain large amounts of sucrose the concentration of sucrose in the volume external to the vacuoles was found to approach the concentration present in the vacuoles (20%). It was shown that this sucrose is situated mainly in the aqueous phase of the cell walls and intercellular spaces of the storage parenchyma cells.
Transpiration and the Selective Uptake of Potassium by Barley Seedlings (Hordeum Vulgare Cv. Bolivia)
Authors: Pitman MG
Published: July 2016

Selective potassium uptake by barley seedlings decreases with increased solution concentrations above 20 m-equiv /1. This decrease is shown to be due to an action of transpiration. Total uptake of potassium and sodium was unaffected by transpiration, but increased transpiration rate increased sodium uptake and decreased potassium uptake. These changes in sodium and potassium content are difficult to explain in terms of "passive" metabolic components of uptake. It is suggested that sodium and potassium uptake to the shoot is controlled by active anion transport and that water flux acts on movement of sodium and potassium through the root to the site of active transport.
A Monte Carlo Evaluation of Predicted Selection Response
Authors: Gill JL
Published: July 2016

This study utilizes a computer programme that simulates the effects of selection, linkage, and environmental variation on the genetic progress of finite populations. The results, with respect to selection advance and the inbreeding that occurs in small populations, have been discussed previously (Gill 1965). In the present paper, the correspondence of Monte Carlo results to the hypothetical progress predicted according to a mathematical formulation given by Griffing (1960) is evaluated.
The Coralloid Roots of Macrozamia Communis L. Johnson
Authors: Wittmann W , Bergersen FJ , Kennedy GS
Published: July 2016

Macrozamia communis exhibits root dimorphism, possessing both normal and coralloid roots. The latter are pneumatophores in which an algal zone may be present or absent. In the coralloid roots the root cap tissue was interpreted as forming a secondary cortex which persisted throughout the life of the root. Underlying the secondary cortex was a transformed epidermis, the cells of which, following the establishment of algae within the intercellular spaces, elongated radially to form an algal zone easily visible to the eye. Nostoc-like blue-green algae were isolated from this zone. In the absence of algal infection the transformed epidermis remained inconspicuous. The root cap anatomy of the normal roots was similar to that described for other gymnosperms. The tips of the alga-free coralloid roots were characteristically located near the soil surface. The alga-containing coralloid roots were less strictly negatively geotropic and were found at depths up to 30 cm below the soil surface.
Effects of Selection and Linkage on Degree of Inbreeding
Authors: Gill JL , Clemmer BA
Published: July 2016

Monte Carlo computer techniques were employed to simulate inbreeding in small populations under regimes consisting of combinations of three degrees of linkage and three intensities of selection. Selection and linkage each significantly increased the rate of inbreeding in populations of a given size, although the effect of linkage was larger. Linkage contributions to bias in the coefficient of inbreeding may exceed those of selection in general, if one restricts comparisons to levels of the two factors that are similar with respect to the range of their possible values. Linkage also had a much larger effect than did selection on inflation of the variance of estimates of the coefficient of inbreeding. The joint effects of selection and linkage can have severe implications with respect to inbreeding in artificial selection programmes.
The Roles of Riboflavin and Inhibitors in Conidial Germination in Peronospora Tabacina Adam
Authors: Shepherd CJ , Tosic I
Published: July 2016

Shepherd (1962) reported results suggesting that conidia of Peronospora tabacina Adam required an exogenous source of riboflavin for germination, but noted that the technique used was open to the objection that material might be leached from the spores during the washing process. Washing was found to be obligatory by Shepherd and Mandryk (1962) in order to obtain good germination and it was suggested that conidia contained a water-soluble auto-inhibitor of germination. Subsequently, Shepherd and Mandryk (1963) showed that washing removed materials inhibitory to spore germination from the surfaces of tobacco leaves. It was of interest, therefore, to determine whether the postulated auto-inhibitory materials were, in fact, picked up from the leaf surface during spore removal or were endogenous to conidia and also to examine further the riboflavin requirement of conidia removed from the leaf under more natural conditions than were used previously.
Solutions of the Field Equations in the Fixed-Charge Model of Cell Membranes
Authors: PGeorge E , Simons R
Published: July 2016

A general method is given for the numerical solution of the equations governing the diffusion of charged ions through layers containing specified concentrations of fixed charge. Using this method, the properties of a membrane model 50 A thick in which the first half is positively and the second half negatively charged are investigated. Results presented are: the required ionic mobility to give resistance values similar to those observed, the voltage-current relation in such a model, the profiles of ionic concentration. The ionic concentrations found were compared with those given by the Boltzmann distribution. It is found that there is good agreement with the Boltzmann values for zero current, but that for finite membrane currents there is a significant disagreement.
The Effect of Temperature on the Development of Sericesthis Iridescent Virus
Authors: Day MF , Dudzinski ML
Published: July 2016

Development of Sericesthis iridescent virus (SIV) in larvae and prepupae of the wax moth Galleria mellonella is very sensitive to temperature. The optimum for SIV growth is 22�C in the wax moth, but it is probably slightly higher in the scarab Sericesthis pruinosa. SIV is not normally produced in wax moth prepupae at temperatures above 30�C and production of neither viral protein nor nucleic acid was detected at 35�C.
Decapitated Peas and Diffusible Gibberellins
Authors: Cohen D , Robinson JB , Paleg IG
Published: July 2016

Growing and treatment conditions are described for a test in which decapitated dark-grown pea seedlings manifest an elongation response proportional to the amount of gibberellic acid supplied in 10 1'1 agar disks. This response removes the necessity of treating tissues or extracts or both with extraction techniques which, it has been shown, may cause structural changes in endogenous gibberellins.
The Fallopian Tube of the Sheep III. The Chemical Composition of the Fluid from the Fallopian Tube
Authors: Restall BJ , Wales RG
Published: July 2016

The chemical composition of fluid from the fallopian tube of the ewe was studied in four cycling ewes and in four groups of four ovariectomized ewes receiving oestrogen and progesterone in factorial combination. Both the major electrolytes and some organic constituents in the fluids were examined.
Some Effects of Temperature on Carbohydrate Utilization and Plant Growth
Authors: Burt RL
Published: July 2016

Present evidence suggests that, in a wide variety of crop plants, growth and net assimilation rate may be determined by the ability of the plant to utilize or store the products of photosynthesis rather than by the capacity of the assimilatory surface to produce them (Humphries 1963; Humphries and Thorne 1964; Thorne and Evans 1964; Burt 1964). Humphries (1963) further suggests that temperature, by varying the ability of the plant to utilize the assimilate, may partly govern the photosynthetic rate of the plant.
Plant Response to Saline Substrates VIII. Regulation of Ion Concentrations in Salt-Sensitive and Halophytic Species
Authors: Greenway H , Gunn A , Thomas DA
Published: July 2016

Concurrent uptake and export of ions were measured in a very salt-sensitive species, Phaseolus vulgaris, and in a halophyte, Atriplex. In plants with high chloride and sodium � concentrations, the whole plants, shoots, and older leaves exported only a small percentage of previously absorbed ions. However, chloride retranslocation from older leaves was appreciable in plants of low chloride concentrations. Similar results were obtained previously for a salt-tolerant non-halophyte (Hordeum vulgare). Thus these halophytes and non-halophytes do not differ in the characteristics rneasured.
Chromosome Location of Mature Plant Leaf Rust Resistance in Chinese Spring Wheat
Authors: Mcintosh RA , Baker EP
Published: July 2016

Athwal and Watson (1957) reported that the wheat cultivar Chinese Spring W1806t possessed a single dominant gene for mature plant resistance to leaf rust (Puccinia recondita Rob. ex Desm.) and that this gene was allelic with one of two factors in Uruguay W1064. The second factor in Uruguay, operative in both seedling and mature plant stages, was located on chromosomes 5D(XVIII) (McIntosh, Baker, and Driscoll 1965). Uurau (1950) presented F2 and Fs data for crosses involving certain Chinese Spring monosomic lines with the susceptible cultivar Federation 41. His results were inconclusive in associating resistance with a specific chromosome. The behaviour of the Chinese Spring resistance with regard to dominance has been found to vary in different investigations. In addition to the report of Athwal and Watson, Unrau found that the segregation pattern in crosses with Federation 41 indicated that resistance was governed by a single, incompletely dominant pair. On the other hand, Macindoe (1948) reported that a recessive gene for resistance was involved.