bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling photothermal effects in high power optical resonators used for coherent levitation
Authors: Gu Chenyue , Qin Jiayi , Guccione Giovanni , Ma Jinyong , Lecamwasam Ruvi , Lam Ping Koy
Published: December 2023

Radiation pressure can be used to enable optomechanical control and manipulation of the quantum state of a mechanical oscillator. Optomechanical interaction can also be mediated by photothermal effects which, although frequently overlooked, may compete with radiation pressure interaction. Understanding of how these phenomena affect the coherent exchange of information between optical and mechanical degrees of freedom is often underdeveloped, particularly in mesoscale high-power systems where photothermal effects can fully dominate the interaction. Here we report an effective theoretical model to predict and successfully reconstruct the dynamics of a unique optomechanical system: a cavity-enhanced setup for macroscopic optical levitation, where a free-standing mirror acts as the optomechanical oscillator. We decompose the photothermal interaction into two opposing light-induced effects, photothermal expansion, and thermo-optic effects. We then reconstruct a heuristic model that links the intracavity field to four types of cavity length changes caused by acoustic (

x

ac

), centre of mass (

x

lev

), photothermal (

x

ex

) and thermo-optic (

x

re

) displacements. This offers refined predictions with a higher degree of agreement with experimental results. Our work provides a means to precisely model the photothermal effect of high power optomechanical systems, as well as for developing more precise photothermal modeling of photonics systems for precision sensing and quantum measurements.
Enhancing gradient force over scattering force for nano-trapping through compensating for aberration
Authors: Wang Dongyong , Li Xiao , Ng Jack
Published: December 2023

One challenge of optical trapping of nanoparticles is the weak trapping force compared to the destabilizing pushing force. Here we enhance the optical gradient force (GF), which is responsible for trapping, to achieve stable nanoparticle trapping through aberration compensation. The optical forces are calculated using multipole expansion theory and the focused fields are determined using Debye focusing theory accounting for interface aberrations between oil, glass, and water. With typical oil immersion objectives, the glass-water interface aberration reduces the GF relative to the scattering force (SF), leading to unstable trapping. By optimizing the refractive index of the immersion oil, the interface aberrations can be compensated. This significantly enhances the GF while moderately improves the SF, enabling stable nanoparticle trapping. The enhancements are particularly notable for large probe depths. Further improvement can be achieved with a thicker oil layer. With optimized conditions, the GF exceeds the SF by over two-fold. And the minimum axial force and axial stiffness increased approximately three-fold. Our study provides theoretical guidance to improve nanoparticle trapping efficiency through aberration compensation and force optimization.
Evolution of structural phase transition from hexagonal wurtzite ZnO to cubic rocksalt NiO in Ni doped ZnO thin films and their electronic structures
Authors: Das Arkaprava , Zajac Marcin , Huang Wei-Hsiang , Chen Chi-Liang , Kandasami Asokan , Delaunois Fabienne , Noirfalise Xavier , Bittencourt Carla
Published: December 2023

This study thoroughly examines the collective influence of compositional variation and annealing temperature on the electronic structure of sol–gel derived NixZn1−xO (x = 0 to 1) thin films annealed at different temperatures (700

°

C, 800

°

C, and 900

°

C) using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and x-ray absorption spectroscopy. A gradual structural phase transition from hexagonal wurtzite ZnO to cubic rocksalt NiO with increasing Ni concentration was revealed by x-ray diffraction (XRD). Grain growth was observed from scanning electron microscopy with increasing annealing temperature. Photoluminescence measurements indicate the presence of interstitial oxygen when Ni atoms are incorporated in the film. The Ni L
3,2 absorption edge shows an intensity enhancement in the white-line feature with increasing Ni concentration, evidencing the presence of higher oxidation states. Concurring results were observed by XPS where both Ni2+ and Ni3+ free ion multiplets are present in the Ni 2p core level spectrum for 20% and higher Ni concentration. O K and Zn L
3,2 XAS spectra demonstrated the e
g-t
2g sub-band splitting at higher Ni concentration, triggered by band anti-crossing interaction and crystal field splitting. The extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) simulation for the Zn K edge revealed a Zn–Zn/Ni bond length change for 60% Ni concentration. The thermal disorder factor increased up to 40% Ni concentration, and beyond that, it decreased due to stable NiO phase dominance in the alloy composite. Ni K edge EXAFS fitting indicated an insignificant change in the Ni-O and Ni–Ni/Zn bond lengths throughout the range of varying Ni concentrations. The thermal disorder factor increases with increasing annealing temperature, indicating a more disordered lattice. Such investigation is essential where the electronic properties of nanometer-sized materials determine the performance of functional devices. The present work critically elucidates the combined impact of compositional variations and annealing temperatures on electronic structures.
Lump waves, bright-dark solitons and some novel interaction solutions in (3+1)-dimensional shallow water wave equation
Authors: Lei Ruoyang , Tian Lin , Ma Zhimin
Published: December 2023

The (3+1)-dimensional Geng equation is an extended version of the KdV model that describes the wave dynamics behavior of shallow water waves in complex applications. In this study, we discuss the (3+1)-dimensional Geng equation using the bilinear neural network method. By incorporating specific activation functions into the neural network model, new test functions are constructed. Using symbolic computational techniques and selecting appropriate parameters, we systematically obtain new meaningful exact solutions of some (3+1)-dimensional Geng equations, including dark lump solutions, three kinds of interaction solutions, and bright and dark soliton solutions. Furthermore, the results are visualized through diagrams of different categories, which intuitively demonstrate the evolution process and physical characteristics of the waves.
DFT based atomic modeling and temperature analysis on the RF and VTC curve of high-k dielectric layer-assisted NCFET
Authors: Mann Rashi , Chaujar Rishu
Published: December 2023

In this report, Density Functional Theory (DFT) based calculation using a Quantum Atomistic Tool Kit (ATK) simulator is done for the hafnia-based ferroelectric material. The band structure, projected density of states (PDOS), and Hartree potential (VH) are taken into account for hafnium oxide (HfO2) and silicon-doped hafnium oxide (Si-doped HfO2). Further, we analyze the temperature variation impact on analog parameters and voltage transfer characteristic (VTC) curve of inverter application of Modified Negative Capacitance Field-Effect-Transistor (NCFET) using the Visual Technology-Computer-Aided-Design (TCAD) simulator. The Modified NCFET structure enhances the DC parameters like leakage current (IOFF) and Subthreshold Swing (SS) compared to the conventional NCFET structure. With the temperature impact, the variation in the parameters of Modified NCFET is discussed at 250 K, 275 K, 300 K, 325 K, and 350 K like transconductance (gm), output conductance (gd), early voltage (VEA) shows the increment as we move from 250 K to 350 K. The short channel effects (SCEs) like Drain Induced Barrier Lowering (DIBL) and Subthreshold Swing (SS) decrease with the temperature fall at 32.98% and 34.74%, respectively. Further, the VTC curve, Noise Margin (NM), and propagation delay of Modified NCFET-based inverter are discussed with the impact of temperature. The propagation delay for the circuit decreased by 67.94% with the rise in the temperature. These factors show that the Modified NCFET-based inverter gives a fast switching performance at high temperatures.
Inertia, gravity and the meaning of mass
Authors: Melia Fulvio
Published: December 2023

Our concept of mass has evolved considerably over the centuries, most notably from Newton to Einstein, and then even more vigorously with the establishment of the standard model and the subsequent discovery of the Higgs boson. Mass is now invoked in various guises depending on the circumstance: it is used to represent inertia, or as a coupling constant in Newton’s law of universal gravitation, and even as a repository of a mysterious form of energy associated with a particle at rest. But recent developments in cosmology have demonstrated that rest-mass energy is most likely the gravitational binding energy of a particle in causal contact with that portion of the Universe within our gravitational horizon. In this paper, we examine how all these variations on the concept of mass are actually interrelated via this new development and the recognition that the source of gravity in general relativity is ultimately the total energy in the system.
Time-resolved Spectral Properties of Fermi-GBM Bright Long Gamma-Ray Bursts
Authors: Wang Wan-Kai , Xie Wei , Gao Zhi-Fu , Xiao Shuo , Dong Ai-Jun , Zhang Bin , Zhi Qi-Jun
Published: December 2023

The prompt emission mechanism of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is still unclear, and the time-resolved spectral analysis of GRBs is a powerful tool for studying their underlying physical processes. We performed a detailed time-resolved spectral analysis of 78 bright long GRB samples detected by Fermi/Gamma-ray Burst Monitor. A total of 1490 spectra were obtained and their properties were studied using a typical Band-shape model. First, the parameter distributions of the time-resolved spectrum are given as follows: the low-energy spectral index α ∼ − 0.72, high-energy spectral index β ∼ − 2.42, the peak energy E
p ∼ 221.69 keV, and the energy flux F ∼ 7.49 × 10−6 erg cm−2 s−1. More than 80% of the bursts exhibit the hardest low-energy spectral index

α

max

exceeding the synchrotron limit (−2/3). Second, the evolution patterns of α and E
p were statistically analyzed. The results show that for multi-pulse GRBs the intensity-tracking pattern is more common than the hard-to-soft pattern in the evolution of both E
p and α. The hard-to-soft pattern is generally shown in single-pulse GRBs or in the initial pulse of multi-pulse GRBs. Finally, we found a significant positive correlation between F and E
p, with half of the samples exhibiting a positive correlation between F and α. We discussed the spectral evolution of different radiation models. The diversity of spectral evolution patterns indicates that there may be more than one radiation mechanism occurring in the GRB radiation process, including photospheric radiation and synchrotron radiation. However, it may also involve only one radiation mechanism, but more complicated physical details need to be considered.
Trade And Decarbonization: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Priyono FX Joko
Published: December 2023

Trade and decarbonization are two inseparable things. Both primary legal issues are the gap between environmental protection and its implementation as a covert protection instrument. The relevant rules are Article XX GATT, and the Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement which have multiple interpretations. This research used a normative approach that focuses on legal materials. The results showed that decarbonization and trade still require strong policies from WTO countries. Implementation of Article XX GATT and TBT Agreement related to decarbonization is determined through decisions in Appellate Body. WTO policy reformulation relating to the application of the principles of sustainable development requires a special agreement while taking into account the principle of special treatment for developing countries. This effort is to create justice and legal certainty. Opportunities for multilateral negotiation are still open, while the challenge is a gap between developed and developing countries.
Implementation of Administrative Sanctions in Abuse Law Enforcement Utilization of Green Open Space In Bekasi City
Authors: Arifudin  , Saraswati Retno , Hoesein Zainal Arifin , Rahayu Susi Dian
Published: December 2023

Bekasi City is a buffer area for the capital city of Jakarta which has significant role in efforts to preserve the environment. Therefore, various problems such as the development and growth cities accompanied by rapid land use change, have caused environmental damage that can reduce the carrying capacity of land in supporting lives of Bekasi citizen. Using normative juridical research methods, concluded that Bekasi City already has regulations in the form of Bekasi City Regional Regulation No. 13 of 2011 which contains rules on a sanctions of administrative against misuse of GSO in Bekasi. However, the effectiveness of sanctions of administrative sanctions in law enforcement misuse ofGSO utilization in Bekasi is just “lip service” in law enforcement of misuse of GSO utilization in Bekasi City.
Renewable Energy Regulatory Urgency in Global Energy Security
Authors: Setiyono Joko , Nabela Nadia , Syafiqurrohman  , NafiAlrasyid
Published: December 2023

Global energy transformation fundamentally impacts the energy system, leading to broader political, economic, and societal changes. This study proposes to reveal the urgency of renewable energy regulation to maintain global energy security. It applied a normative legal approach to understanding geopolitics constellations and reality due to energy transformation, specifically related to its potential impacts, challenges, and opportunities in Indonesia—which is still dominated by non-renewable energy from fossils. Limited non-renewable energy emphasizes that it is time for the state to change to renewable energy. However, Indonesia has not yet had laws and policies on renewable energy comprehensively. This condition will potentially affect Indonesia’s geopolitical future if contestation with other countries happens.
Examining Policy Aspects of Food Waste in Indonesia
Authors: Wardhani Lita Tyesta Addy Listya , Minarto Wahyu S , Maharani Virda , Zharfan Abby
Published: December 2023

Food waste is a global concern that impacts various aspects of life, including the environment. Indonesia is the country striving for decreasing food waste. According to data from the Economist Intelligence Unit (2022), Indonesia ranks second among the G20 countries in food waste generation. This study proposes to review existing policies in Indonesia on food waste and compare them with policies from other countries to identify their strengths and weaknesses. This study utilized a literature review and descriptive analysis. The results show that Indonesia needs more specific policies on food loss and waste than several other countries. Therefore, the legislative and executive institutions must expedite the appropriate policies to solve this problem as soon as possible.
An Evaluation of Mechanical and Fracture Characteristics of Geopolymer Concrete Incorporating Steel Fibers.
Authors: Shaik Feroz , Srikrishna Thunuguntla Chaitanya , Reddy Lotla Sandeep
Published: December 2023

The present research aims to examine the impact of steel fiber inclusion (ranging from 0% - considered as reference, 0.08%, 0.16%, 0.24%, to 0.32%) on the mechanical and fracture characteristics of notched geopolymer concrete unreinforced beams (GCUB). These beams are prepared using fly ash and GGBFS (Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag), and the findings are compared with those from plain cement concrete unreinforced beams. The investigation encompasses various parameters including compressive strength, bending strength, split tensile strength, fracture energy (GF), crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD), and stress intensity factor (KIC). The primary focus is to assess how the inclusion of crimped steel fibers influences the ability of geopolymer concrete to arrest cracks. The outcomes obtained from the study underscore the effectiveness of crimped steel fibers in mitigating crack propagation and averting brittle fractures within notched geopolymer concrete unreinforced beams. The results indicate notable enhancements across all fracture and mechanical parameters upon the introduction of steel fibers. This points towards the positive impact and efficiency of steel fibers in augmenting the behavior of geopolymer concrete, making it more resistant to crack propagation and brittle failure.
Experimental Investigation on Thermal Insulation of Sustainable 3D Printable Concrete by Using Corncob Powder
Authors: Sai S Lohith , Kasagani Hanuma , Sri Ram Ravi Teja P , Uday Kiran Naik M , Jithendra M Praveen D
Published: December 2023

The construction industry is witnessing the latest technology advancement in the form of 3D printing, which promises to revolutionize the sector by reducing costs, material wastage, and environmental impact. One significant approach to achieving these goals is through the incorporation of various supplementary cementitious materials. This research work aims to study the utilization of corn cob powder (organic waste from agricultural industries) as a thermal insulation material in conjunction with other cement supplementary materials (fly ash, and silica fume). The study focuses on evaluating the material’s rheological properties, such as slump, initial and final setting times, and flowability. Furthermore, the investigation extends to analyzing the hardened properties of the concrete, including compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength under varying temperature conditions. Results shown that the compressive, split tensile and flexural strength was increased up 5 % to 7% with the inclusion of corn cob powder at 5% and it exhibits good resistance to high temperatures.
Seismic Performance Assessment of RCC Building with Podium
Authors: Asher Ankit M. , Zore Vitthal D. , Murudi Mohan M.
Published: December 2023

With the advancements in structural engineering, seismic performance of buildings can be adjudged on the basis of performance-based techniques. This paper presents the performance based seismic evaluation of buildings with podiums for varying ratios of tower area to podium area. The structural system of the building consists of shear walls and moment resisting frames. Buildings with podiums have been designed and analysed with and without connection between the tower portion and the podium portion for Seismic Zone IV, by carrying out response spectrum analysis as per IS 1893-2016. The structural responses have been compared in terms of diaphragm forces, base shear, time period, storey stiffness, storey shear, storey displacement etc. for the variations in number of podiums i.e., single, double & three podium levels. Performance-based seismic evaluation of the buildings has been carried out with podium and tower as a connected unit with varying ratios of 0.35, 0.45, and 0.55 of tower area to podium area i.e., by keeping the tower area constant and increasing the podium extents. Pushover analysis is carried out and comparison is done for the influence of podium on the non-linear behaviour of the structures.
Energy Efficient Design for a Conventional Building using BIM Tools
Authors: Nurulla Shaik , Purushotham D. V. , Yuvaraj M. S. , Kiran Sai S.
Published: December 2023

Nowadays, energy has become a key player in the AEC industry because of the increase in global warming and energy crisis. Due to global warming the consumption of energy has increased enormously in buildings. The no. of buildings have grown in tandem with rise in levels of urbanization in developing & developed countries, which in return rises the bar for energy consumption. The improved energy performance of the building is significantly influenced by both interior and exterior building factors. It is preferred to perform energy analysis in the design stage of the building. The current paper is the talks about the energy model by improving the design of a conventional buildings, an energy – efficient model is been created which uses less energy and reduces its carbon footprint. Energy analysis using BIM can be used to optimize the building’s design and identify opportunities for improvement, such as implementing energy-saving technologies, improving insulation and air tightness, and reducing energy loss through window frames, it’s glazing type and also redesigning the other parameters including HVAC types, Window shades, change in orientation etc. In the earlier, the conventional model to produce energy through renewable sources like solar and wind, and incorporate them into the building’s design. Thus, obtained results after analysis can be used to take design decisions and ensure the building meets energy efficiency standards and sustainability goals. The use of BIM in the design and analysis of energy-efficient buildings can help support the transition to a low-carbon, sustainable future.
Performance Evaluation of Ternary Blended Concrete Mixes which contains Silica Fume and Bagasse Ash
Authors: Sivaprasad CH , Venkata Krishnaiah R.
Published: December 2023

Cement industries are producing high amounts of carbon dioxide, this problem leads to supplementary cementitious materials utilization. Utilization of agricultural and industrial waste in concrete reduces pollution and disposal problems. This work presents the performance evaluation of the ternary blended concrete mixes in which Silica fume and Sugarcane bagasse ash are used as mineral admixtures. A total of six mixes is used including the Reference mix, which is denoted by M0, M11, M12, M13, M14, and M15 whereas M0 represents the reference mix. M11, M12, M13, M14, and M15 are prepared by partially replacing the cement with SCBA by 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% respectively. All the mixes were tested against mechanical and workability properties along with durability Properties and the results are clear that the mix with 15% SCBA and 5% Silica Fume significantly got better results.
Numerical Modelling of Secant Piles
Authors: Surya Bontha Dhileep , Kommu Suresh
Published: December 2023

This study presents numerical modeling of a secant pile wall and investigates the lateral displacements, as well as the pressure exerted on the secant pile wall due to the existing soil. The analysis was performed using a finite element method software package, which simulates the behavior of the soil-pile interaction system under various soil conditions. The numerical model considers the geometrical and material properties of the soil, pile, and concrete infill, as well as the effects of water pressure, soil swelling, and ground movement on the stability of the wall. The results of the analysis show that the secant pile wall is capable of resisting the expected lateral and vertical loads, and earth pressures, and the deflection of the wall is within the acceptable limits. Furthermore, the study investigates the effects of different design parameters on the performance of the secant pile wall, including the spacing and diameter of the piles, the thickness and strength of the concrete infill, and the soil properties. The findings of this research provide valuable insights into the behavior and performance of secant pile walls, which can help engineers and contractors to improve the safety and efficiency of deep excavation projects in urban environments.
Numerical Evaluation of the Reinforced Soil Wall - Limit Equilibrium Approach Under Seismic Loading
Authors: Venkatasubbaiah MC , Reddy GVN
Published: December 2023

Geosynthetic soil walls are effectively utilising because of their adaptability, affordability, and easy to construct. Although cohesive soil has traditionally been used in many regions across the world for economic reasons, a cohesionless soil is advised for geosynthetic reinforced earth walls. From its findings, many criteria, including the angle of internal friction, the horizontal seismic coefficient, the cohesion of the backfill soil, and the surcharge on the backfill, have been assessed. It was evident that the horizontal seismic coefficient has an impact on the stability of reinforced earth walls. The horizontal seismic coefficients, surcharge, and the cohesion of the soil all affect the tension resistance that is mobilised in the reinforcement to preserve the stability of the wall.
Pavement design using bituminous surface course with recycled aggregates
Authors: Pavan Kumar D
Published: December 2023

The utilization of Recycled Aggregates (RA) in the construction of pavement structure is one of the inventive and eco-friendly construction techniques. This scale down the construction cost without negotiates the strength and the durability of the pavement structures. However, RA is rigid in nature because it is obtained from aged bituminous mixtures to enhance a rejuvenator is usually added in order to lower the stiffness. Rejuvenator surges the utility of the bituminous mixtures and makes them be smoothly paved and compacted. The objective of this study is to design a flexible pavement structure using Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) as a surface course in order with RA. In SMA mixture major component is occupied by coarse aggregates, mineral filler, bitumen and a minor component of fine aggregates helps to fill the voids present in coarse aggregate which gives stone-on-stone contact. The bitumen binder and mineral filler form mastic, providing durability to the mixture. In this study, the performance of SMA mixtures with different RA proportions and a rejuvenator will be compared with conventional SMA mixture with zero percentage RA. Marshall Mix design is outlined to find the Marshall and volumetric properties of SMA mixtures and to regulate the Optimum Binder Content (OBC). The mixtures will be compared based on the drain down, stripping, Indirect Tensile strength (ITS) and Semi circular bend (SCB) test results. The analysis and design of flexible pavement structure using the prepared SMA mixtures with different RA contents as surface courses also will be carried out as a component of the study.SMA mixture of 40% replacing RA with 3% of palm sludge oil as rejuvenator exhibits optimum bitumen content where vertical stress, strain and displacement obtain reduction with compared to IRC 37 conventional SMA mixture.
Pedestrian behaviour analysis at intersection in Vijayawada for road user safety and infrastructure design
Authors: Varsha Thakkellapati Charitha , Sajja Satish , Ramya Aruna Siri B , Prasad G Hari , Kashyap Tejo Sai E
Published: December 2023

Pedestrian behaviour analysis is crucial for improving safety, urban planning, public health, and transportation infrastructure planning to establish a pedestrian-friendly zone and enhance people’s overall quality of life in urban contexts. Micro-level infrastructure improvements, such as better lighting, crosswalks, and sidewalks, are essential for communities to be sustainable and walkable. Safe and practical infrastructure encourages active mobility and reduces dependency on energy-intensive modes of transportation. Giving pedestrian safety as a priority in urban construction enhances the environmental significance of sustainable cities. Safe pedestrian environments encourage walking and other non-motorized modes of transportation, which lessens the pollution and emissions that come from driving. In the majority of developing countries, such as India, rapid urbanization, an increase in the number of vehicles, and a lack of adherence to traffic regulations by both automobiles and pedestrians contribute to a significant problem at junctions. The objective of this paper is to investigate how pedestrians behave at three junctions in Vijayawada say the Moghalrajpuram intersection, high school road junction, and kanuru junction (Andhra Pradesh, India). Approximately 69% of people in the study area prefer to cross in a perpendicular manner. At Kanuru, oblique crossing speeds range from 1.88 to 3.08 m/sec, whereas perpendicular crossing speeds range from 1.88 to 2.09 m/sec. Oblique crossing speeds at the High School Road intersection range from 3.35 to 3.49 m/sec, and perpendicular crossing speeds range from 2.00 to 2.45 m/sec. Oblique crossing speeds at Moghalrajpuram junction range from 1.05 to 1.61 m/sec, while perpendicular crossing speeds range from 1.76 to 2.50 m/sec for all the genders and age groups. At every intersection, pedestrian flow variables like crossing patterns, crossing speeds in relation to demographics like age and gender, total pedestrian counts, waiting times, and directions are analysed.
Treatability Study on Textile Wastewater using Water Hyacinth Bioadsorbent
Authors: Maria Subashini L. , Saritha B.
Published: December 2023

Textile dye effluent consists of dye colour and other harmful organics has been a major problem to the Environment due to Industrial development. The most effective adsorption in textile dye wastewater is attained by using commercially activated carbon. The creation of adsorbent, which may be utilized as an alternative, inexpensive method of treating the dye produced during the textile manufacturing process, can benefit greatly from agricultural wastes. In this study, the characterization of the textile dye waste water sample was done and the adsorptive capacity of Water hyacinth biochar in the COD,TDS, TSS removal of textile dye wastewater was studied. Water hyacinth biochar is used as the adsorbent in investigations using batch adsorption. COD values were determined through back titration before adsorption process and after the adsorption process to ascertain whether water hyacinth biochar is helpful at lowering COD of wastewater from textile dyes. Adsorbent dose, contact time, and agitation speed were some of the adsorption parameters that were varied during the adsorption investigation. The reduction of COD, TSS and TDS due to adsorption was found to effective. Hence, the study demonstrated a successful application of Water hyacinth biochar as a promising long-lasting adsorbent for cleaning out impurities from effluent from textile dyeing.
Enhancing blood flow prediction in multi-exposure laser speckle contrast imaging through ensemble learning with K-mean clustering
Authors: Jain Pankaj , Gupta Saurabh
Published: December 2023

Purpose. Accurately visualizing and measuring blood flow is of utmost importance in maintaining optimal health and preventing the onset of various chronic diseases. One promising imaging technique that aids in visualizing perfusion in biological tissues is Multi-exposure Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (MELSCI). MELSCI technique allows real-time quantitative measurements using multiple exposure times to obtain precise and reliable blood flow data. Additionally, the application of machine learning (ML) techniques can further enhance the accuracy of blood flow prediction in this imaging modality. Method. Our study focused on developing and evaluating Ensemble Learning ML techniques along with clustering algorithms for predicting blood flow rates in MELSCI. The effectiveness of these techniques was assessed using performance parameters, including accuracy, F1-score, precision, recall, specificity, and classification error rate. Result. Notably, the study revealed that Ensemble Learning with clustering emerged as the most accurate technique, achieving an impressive accuracy rate of 98.5%. Furthermore, it demonstrated a high recall of more than 91%, F1-score, the precision of more than 90%, higher specificity of 99%, and least classification error of 1.5%, highlighting its suitability and sustainability for flow prediction in MELSCI. Conclusion. The study’s findings imply that Ensemble Learning can significantly contribute to enhancing the accuracy of blood flow prediction in MELSCI. This advancement holds substantial promise for healthcare professionals and researchers, as it facilitates improved understanding and assessment of perfusion within biological tissues, which will contribute to the maintenance of good health and prevention of chronic diseases.
Indistinguishability-assisted two-qubit entanglement distillation
Authors: Nosrati Farzam , Bellomo Bruno , De Chiara Gabriele , Compagno Giuseppe , Morandotti Roberto , Lo Franco Rosario
Published: December 2023

Production of quantum states exhibiting a high degree of entanglement out of noisy conditions is one of the main goals of quantum information science. Here, we provide a conditional yet efficient entanglement distillation method which functions within the framework of spatially localized operations and classical communication. This method exploits indistinguishability effects due to the spatial overlap between two identical qubits in distinct sites and encompasses particle statistics imprint. We derive the general conditions for the maximum entanglement distillation out of mixed states. As applications, we give a thorough description of distilled entanglement and associated success probability starting from typical noisy states, such as thermal Gibbs states and Werner states. The influence of local temperatures and of a noise parameter is discussed, respectively, in these two cases. The proposed scheme paves the way towards quantum repeaters in composite networks made of controllable identical quantum particles.
Review on laser directed energy deposited aluminum alloys
Authors: Liu Tian-Shu , Chen Peng , Qiu Feng , Yang Hong-Yu , Jin Nicholas Tan Yew , Chew Youxiang , Wang Di , Li Ruidi , Jiang Qi-Chuan , Tan Chaolin
Published: December 2023

Lightweight aluminum (Al) alloys have been widely used in frontier fields like aerospace and automotive industries, which attracts great interest in additive manufacturing (AM) to process high-value Al parts. As a mainstream AM technique, laser-directed energy deposition (LDED) shows good scalability to meet the requirements for large-format component manufacturing and repair. However, LDED Al alloys are highly challenging due to their inherent poor printability (e.g. low laser absorption, high oxidation sensitivity and cracking tendency). To further promote the development of LDED high-performance Al alloys, this review offers a deep understanding of the challenges and strategies to improve printability in LDED Al alloys. The porosity, cracking, distortion, inclusions, element evaporation and resultant inferior mechanical properties (worse than laser powder bed fusion) are the key challenges in LDED Al alloys. Processing parameter optimizations, in-situ alloy design, reinforcing particle addition and field assistance are the efficient approaches to improving the printability and performance of LDED Al alloys. The underlying correlations between processes, alloy innovation, characteristic microstructures, and achievable performances in LDED Al alloys are discussed. The benchmark mechanical properties and primary strengthening mechanism of LDED Al alloys are summarized. This review aims to provide a critical and in-depth evaluation of current progress in LDED Al alloys. Future opportunities and perspectives in LDED high-performance Al alloys are also outlined.
Optofluidic photonic crystal micro sensor for enhanced detection of infectious diseases
Authors: Sharan Preeta , Khouqeer Ghada A , El-Badry Basma A , Alodhayb Abdullah N , Upadhyaya Anup M , Patil Harshada J
Published: December 2023

This research encompasses a comprehensive study on the application of 1D photonic crystal-based detection in the context of infectious diseases, specifically targeting malaria stages, chikungunya, and dengue. It explores the interactions between the photonic crystal and various biomolecules associated with these diseases, with a focus on platelets, plasma, and uric acid. The transmission spectrum graphs obtained from these interactions provide crucial insights into the detection and quantification of the diseases, offering real-time and label-free monitoring capabilities. Maximum sensitivity of 550 nm RIU−1and Q factor of 29,260 obtained. Additionally, the study incorporates the design and analysis of a microfluidic channel optimized for the proposed sensor, ensuring accurate temperature and pressure distributions. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the microfluidic platform for enhancing sensor performance and fluid handling. This integrated approach shows promising potential for early disease diagnosis and monitoring, paving the way for practical implementation and further advancements in the field of sensing and diagnostics
MoS2 thin film decorated TiO2 nanotube arrays on flexible Ti foil for solar water splitting application
Authors: Singh Bheem , Gautam Sudhanshu , Behera Govinda Chandra , Kumar Rahul , Aggarwal Vishnu , Tawale Jai Shankar , Ganesan Ramakrishnan , Roy Somnath Chanda , Kushvaha Sunil Singh
Published: December 2023

MoS2/TiO2 nanostructure provides a lot of advantages in photoelectrochemical (PEC) applications due to the absorption of the wide spectrum solar radiation, more catalytically active sites, proper band alignment, and better separation of photogenerated charge carriers. Here we report PEC water splitting studies of MoS2 thin film grown by chemical vapor deposition on TiO2 nanotubes fabricated on flexible thin Ti foil. Raman and x-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the polycrystalline growth of a few layers MoS2 on TiO2/Ti through their characteristic peaks. Field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed the nanotube surface morphology of TiO2 having a diameter in the range of 200–300 nm. The chemical and electronic composition of MoS2 and TiO2 were investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. PEC measurements performed in 0.5 M Na2SO4 aqueous electrolyte solution under 100 mW cm−2 (AM 1.5G) simulated sunlight revealed 2-fold improved photocurrent density for MoS2/TiO2 heterostructure (∼135.7 μA cm−2) compared to that of bare TiO2 (∼70 μA cm−2). This is attributed to extended light absorption and more catalytically active surface area resulting from MoS2 functionalization of the TiO2 nanotubes, which results in better PEC activity. This study provides a new insight to explore the performance of thin metal foil-based photoelectrode in PEC applications that can be beneficial to develop roll-to-roll device fabrication to advance futuristic flexible electronics.
Fabrication of Sb2S3/Sb2Se3 heterostructure for potential resistive switching applications
Authors: Prajapat Pukhraj , Vashishtha Pargam , Goswami Preeti , Gupta Govind
Published: December 2023

The exponential growth of large data and the widespread adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) have created significant challenges for traditional Von Neumann computers. These challenges include complex hardware, high energy consumption, and slow memory access time. Researchers are investigating novel materials and device architectures to address these issues by reducing energy consumption, improving performance, and enabling compact designs. A new study has successfully engineered a heterostructure that integrates Sb2Se3 and Sb2S3, resulting in improved electrical properties. This has generated significant interest in its potential applications in resistive switching. In this study, we have demonstrated the fabrication of a device based on Sb2S3/Sb2Se3 heterostructure that exhibits resistive switching behavior. The device has different resistance states that can be switched between high and low resistance levels when exposed to an external bias (−1 V to 0 V to 1 V). It also has good non-volatile memory characteristics, including low power consumption, high resistance ratio (∼102), and reliable endurance (∼103). The device enables faster data processing, reduces energy consumption, and streamlines hardware designs, contributing to computing advancements amidst modern challenges. This approach can revolutionize resistive switching devices, leading to more efficient computing solutions for big data processing and IoT technologies.
Homogeneity of magnetic trajectories in the real special linear group
Authors: Inoguchi Jun-ichi , Munteanu Marian Ioan
Published: December 2023

We prove the homogeneity of contact magnetic curves in the real special linear group of degree

2
2

. Every contact magnetic trajectory is a product of a homogeneous geodesic and a charged Reeb flow.
Additive Manufacturing Technology
Authors: Öberg Christina
Published: December 2023

Additive manufacturing, or three-dimensional (3D) printing, refers to a layer-based production technology. A product is created through layers that are melted together. The layer-based manufacturing means that new surfaces can be shaped with complex forms created and combined in a single manufacturing process. It leads to components or entire products being printed locally. As a technology, it infers extensive changes for (a) product and production design, (b) supply chain options, and (c) business models. It does so because additive manufacturing opens opportunities not only for new product designs but also for firm operations and offerings. More specifically, additive manufacturing enables advanced organic designs manufactured as one piece, local on-demand printing of spare parts, and the printing of full-scaled prototypes to fit and test with final solutions. Movable parts can be printed as one single product and through one single production process. The local manufacturing reduces the need for transportations and subsuppliers. New business models include firms specializing in additive manufacturing for others, such as fab labs and printing houses. Through these changes, additive manufacturing challenges manufacturers of tools and parts as well as demand for logistics solutions. Customization, higher product precision, and increased sustainability are positive consequences of additive manufacturing. Meanwhile, additive manufacturing raises concerns about who owns the product design and who carries responsibilities for the product. Additive manufacturing affects product and production design, supply chains, and business models, and businesses face several ethical dilemmas regarding this new technology. Examples are provided to illustrate additive manufacturing practices.
The Rhetoric of Sport
Authors: Butterworth Michael L.
Published: December 2023

The relationship between rhetoric and sport dates back to ancient Greece, but the academic discipline of rhetorical criticism did not take up the study of sport in earnest until the turn of the 21st century. The growth of the field draws from the traditions of antiquity, featuring a shared emphasis on agonistic democracy. Given this interdependent heritage, rhetoric is especially well suited to the study of sport. In particular, rhetorical scholars have focused on four areas of inquiry: (a) apologia and image repair, (b) presentations and representations of identity, (c) constructions of myth and ideology, and (d) athlete activism. Contemporary work looks to these contexts to demonstrate the many ways that sport has reflected, maintained, and constituted public and political culture.
International Relations, Big Data, and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Eiran Ehud Udi
Published: December 2023

Scholars and practitioners of international relations (IR) are paying special attention to three significant ways in which artificial intelligence (AI) and big data (BD) are transforming IR, against a background of earlier debates among IR scholars about the effect of technology on the field.

First, AI and BD have emerged as arenas of interstate, mostly great power competition. In this context, scholars suggest, AI and BD are important because an effective use of AI and BD adds significantly to military and economic power. The current competition in these fields, between the United States and the People’s Republic of China, brought scholars to highlight at least four ways in which AI and BD are important: (a) Automating decisions about the use of nuclear force could affect nuclear stability, but scholars still cannot agree in what direction; (b) The central role played by the private sector. This, as opposed to the Cold War era, when the state played the leading role in the development of technology ; (c) the gap between the current two great powers in these technologies is narrow, in contrast to the significant gap in favor of the United States during the Cold War; and (d) the wave of new technologies, including AI, makes weapons systems cheaper and more available for smaller powers and political entities, thus offering a possible curb on the dominance of great powers.

Second, AI and BD are expected to affect national decision-making in the areas of foreign and security policies. Here, scholars highlight three possible transformations: (a) AI will allow states a path for better decision-making on security and foreign policy matters, through the optimization and speeding of existing policy processes; (b) the technology will omit some of the human shortcomings in decision-making, further optimizing the policy process; and (c) AI will be able to offer predictions about policies of other actors in the international system and create effective simulations to help manage crises.

Finally, the inclusion of AI and BD in weapons systems, most notably the development of lethal autonomous weapons systems, brings the promise (or horror) of greater efficiency and lethality but also raises significant ethical questions. AI and BD are also affecting other arenas of interstate conflict including the cyber domain and information warfare.
The Meanings of the (Global) South From a Latin American Perspective
Authors: Brun Élodie
Published: December 2023

The concept of the Global South receives much attention and study, but not all perspectives are equally visible. Scholars who work on the topic from Latin America are still largely ignored. The definitions they propose are eclectic in their sources and inclusive and flexible as far as epistemological and ontological issues are concerned. They agree that the concept, whether named with the adjective “global” or not, serves to denote a set of actors characterized by high diversity but unified by their unfavorable position in the world, as they suffer from global asymmetries. Studying and centering the Global South means revising the chronology of global history to understand these actors’ specific trajectories. However, Latin American scholars differ regarding the role of the state and the scope of their critical views. Most of them consider the state an important actor of the Global South, but critical authors argue that civil society and academia are more important for promoting change. Some of them reflect on how to improve the early 21st-century system, whereas others explicitly promote visions of emancipation from it.

In most cases, when researchers reflect on the usefulness of the (Global) South concept, their concern includes dissatisfaction with the adjective “global.” Their reflection leads them to propose alternative, mainly state-centered expressions that aim to enhance the agency of the (Global) South, such as the self-designated South, geopolitical South, and relational South. The plural meanings of the (Global) South reveal the political and sometimes idealistic aspirations associated with it in Latin American contributions. As such, the concept cannot be dissociated from its potential for political mobilization.
Strange Metals and Black Holes: Insights From the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev Model
Authors: Sachdev Subir
Published: December 2023

Complex many-particle quantum entanglement is a central theme in two distinct major topics in physics: the strange metal state found in numerous correlated electron compounds and the quantum theory of black holes in Einstein gravity. The Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model provides a solvable theory of entangled many-particle quantum states without quasiparticle excitations. This toy model has led to realistic universal models of strange metals and to new insights on the quantum states of black holes.