bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spiro-configured phenyl acridine thioxanthene dioxide as a host for efficient PhOLEDs
Authors: Romain Maxime , Tondelier Denis , Geffroy Bernard , Shirinskaya Anna , Jeannin Olivier , Rault-Berthelot Joëlle , Poriel Cyril
Published: November 2014

A new high triplet organic semi-conductor based on a donor-spiro-acceptor design has been synthesized and used as a host material in high performance (EQE = 11.4% at 10 mA cm−2) sky blue phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes.
Aromatic sulfonate anion-induced pseudorotaxanes: environmentally benign synthesis, selectivity, and structural characterization
Authors: Gong Han-Yuan , Tang Feng , Rambo Brett M. , Cao Rui , Xiang Jun-Feng , Sessler Jonathan L.
Published: November 2014

Aromatic sulfonates allow the effective construction of anion-containing pseudorotaxanes from a tetracationic macrocycle known as the “Texas box” in organic media and under organic-free aqueous conditions.
Solution phase post-modification of a trimesic acid network on Au(111) with Zn2+ ions
Authors: Lee Jaesung , Kim Jandee , Kim Hyeran , Rhee Choong Kyun , Whangbo Myung-Hwan
Published: November 2014

Post-modification of a TMA network of crown-like hexamers with Zn2+ ions transforms it into a metal–organic network of TMA–Zn2+ coordinated chevron-pairs.
Isoselective 3,4-(co)polymerization of bio-renewable myrcene using NSN-ligated rare-earth metal precursor: an approach to a new elastomer
Authors: Liu Bo , Li Lei , Sun Guangping , Liu Dongtao , Li Shihui , Cui Dongmei
Published: November 2014

Perfect 3,4-regio- (>99%) and isospecific stereo-selective (mmmm > 99%) PMY were achieved by a lutetium dialkyl complex bearing a NSN-bidentate β-diimidosulfonate ligand for the first time.
Tuning the radial structure of core–shell silicon carbide nanowires
Authors: Negri M. , Dhanabalan S. C. , Attolini G. , Lagonegro P. , Campanini M. , Bosi M. , Fabbri F. , Salviati G.
Published: November 2014

By varying the growth conditions in chemical vapour deposition synthesis we demonstrate the possible tuning of the core–shell ratio of SiC/SiO2 nanowires.
Molten salt ion exchange route to ZnGaNO single crystal nanorods for improved CO2 photoreduction to CH4
Authors: Zhou P. , Yan S. C. , Zou Z. G.
Published: November 2014

A molten salt growing to single crystal ZnGaNO nanorods with high performance for CO2 reduction.
Thermodynamic and kinetic characterization of transmembrane helix association
Authors: Pawar Aiswarya B. , Deshpande Sneha A. , Gopal Srinivasa M. , Wassenaar Tsjerk A. , Athale Chaitanya A. , Sengupta Durba
Published: November 2014

The transient dimerization of transmembrane proteins is an important event in several cellular processes and here we use coarse-grain and meso-scale modeling methods to quantify their underlying dynamics.
Connecting supramolecular bond lifetime and network mobility for scratch healing in poly(butyl acrylate) ionomers containing sodium, zinc and cobalt
Authors: Bose Ranjita K. , Hohlbein Nico , Garcia Santiago J. , Schmidt Annette M. , van der Zwaag Sybrand
Published: November 2014

We correlate network dynamics, supramolecular reversibility and the macroscopic surface scratch healing behavior for a series of ionomers based on an amorphous backbone with varying fractions of carboxylate pendant groups completely neutralized by Na+, Zn2+, or Co2+ as the counter ions.
In situ non-aqueous nucleation and growth of next generation rare-earth-free permanent magnets
Authors: Yoon Hyojung , Xu Aoran , Sterbinsky George E. , Arena Dario A. , Wang Ziying , Stephens Peter W. , Meng Ying Shirley , Carroll Kyler J.
Published: November 2014

In situ time resolved XAS measurements are applied to investigate the phase formation kinetics of metastable cobalt carbide nanoparticles using polyol reduction chemistry. The resulting material exhibits an energy product of greater than 20.7 kJ m−3 at room temperature before compaction, a vastly improved coercivity compared to pure bulk material.
Predicting the voltage dependence of interfacial electrochemical processes at lithium-intercalated graphite edge planes
Authors: Leung Kevin
Published: November 2014

The voltage of lithium-intercalated graphite with edge planes exposed to a liquid electrolyte is calibrated and applied to examine electrolyte decomposition reactions.
Retarded dopant diffusion by moderated dopant–dopant interactions in Si nanowires
Authors: Kim Jongseob , Hong Ki-Ha
Published: November 2014

The mechanical softening and quantum confinement found in nanostructures are the physical origin of the suppressed dopant diffusion.
Molecular dynamics simulations of longer n-alkanes in silicalite: state-of-the-art models achieving close agreement with experiment
Authors: O'Malley A. J. , Catlow C. R. A.
Published: November 2014

The diffusion of longern-alkanes (n-C8–n-C16) in silicalite was studied using molecular dynamics simulations in the temperature range of 300–400 K. A close agreement is found with previous quasi-elastic neutron scattering studies for both calculated diffusion coefficients and activation energies.
Thermostability and reversibility of silver nanoparticle–protein binding
Authors: Wang Bo , Seabrook Shane A. , Nedumpully-Govindan Praveen , Chen Pengyu , Yin Hong , Waddington Lynne , Epa V. Chandana , Winkler David A. , Kirby Jason K. , Ding Feng , Ke Pu Chun
Published: November 2014

The interactions between nanoparticles (NPs) and proteins in living systems are a precursor to the formation of a NP–protein “corona” that underlies cellular and organism responses to nanomaterials.
Efficient and selective conversion of lactic acid into acetaldehyde using a mesoporous aluminum phosphate catalyst
Authors: Tang Congming , Peng Jiansheng , Li Xinli , Zhai Zhanjie , Bai Wei , Jiang Ning , Gao Hejun , Liao Yunwen
Published: November 2014

A mesoporous AlPO4catalyst has been found to show an excellent performance for decarbonylation of lactic acid to acetaldehyde.
Microfluidics-based selection of red-fluorescent proteins with decreased rates of photobleaching
Authors: Dean Kevin M. , Lubbeck Jennifer L. , Davis Lloyd M. , Regmi Chola K. , Chapagain Prem P. , Gerstman Bernard S. , Jimenez Ralph , Palmer Amy E.
Published: November 2014

We use a high-throughput microfluidic platform that sorts cells on the basis of fluorescent protein photostability to identify a new variant with improved photon output.
Reaction time effect of straw-like MoO3 prepared with a facile, additive-free hydrothermal process
Authors: Yang Y. L. , Shen Y. , Li Z.
Published: November 2014

This paper presents the synthesis of straw-like MoO3 prepared with a facile, additive-free hydrothermal process. It is worth mentioning that the median state of the product exhibits the most optimal photochromic properties.
A bio-attuned ratiometric hydrogen sulfate ion selective receptor in aqueous solvent: structural proof of the H-bonded adduct
Authors: Mukherjee Manjira , Sen Buddhadeb , Pal Siddhartha , Banerjee Samya , Lohar Somenath , Zangrando Ennio , Chattopadhyay Pabitra
Published: November 2014

A new cell permeable quinazoline based receptor (1) behaves as a highly selective chemosensor for HSO4− ions at nanomolar concentration in aqueous medium by formation of the adduct [LHSO4]−LH+·3H2O confirmed by single crystal X-ray crystallography.
Performance dependence of SWCNT/n-silicon hybrid solar cells on the charge carrier concentration in silicon substrates
Authors: Saini Viney , Bourdo Shawn E. , Abdulrazzaq Omar , Dervishi Enkeleda , Kannarpady Ganesh K. , Biris Alexandru S.
Published: November 2014

There exists an optimum silicon substrate charge carrier concentration that can provide maximum power conversion efficiency for SWCNT–silicon hybrid solar cells.
New 1,4-anthracenedione derivatives with fused heterocyclic rings: synthesis and biological evaluation
Authors: Castro Ma. Ángeles , Gamito Ana Ma. , Tangarife-Castaño Verónica , Roa-Linares Vicky , Miguel del Corral José Ma. , Mesa-Arango Ana C. , Betancur-Galvis Liliana , Francesch Andrés M. , San Feliciano Arturo
Published: November 2014

New 1,4-anthracenediones bearing fused-heterocycle rings were synthesized and evaluated as cytotoxics, antifungals and antivirals. Some of them showed GI50 at the μM level.
Preparation of montmorillonite-pillared graphene oxide with increased single- and co-adsorption towards lead ions and methylene blue
Authors: Liu Lu , Zhang Yaru , He Yanjin , Xie Yongfen , Huang Langhuan , Tan Shaozao , Cai Xiang
Published: November 2014

Montmorillonite-pillared graphene oxide was used as adsorbent with increased single- and co-adsorption towards lead ions and methylene blue.
Ion-mediated conformational switches
Authors: Knipe Peter C. , Thompson Sam , Hamilton Andrew D.
Published: November 2014

The ability to control the conformation of a single molecule in a reversible and stimulus dependent manner holds great promise for fields as disparate as drug delivery and molecular electronics. Here we offer a perspective on recent developments in ion-mediated switching architectures and their ability to perform in a range of settings.
Synergistically engineered self-standing silicon/carbon composite arrays as high performance lithium battery anodes
Authors: Wang Bin , Qiu Tengfei , Li Xianglong , Luo Bin , Hao Long , Zhang Yunbo , Zhi Linjie
Published: November 2014

Self-standing, ordered arrays of uniform Si/C wire-in-tube nanocomposites are developed, showing high specific capacity and extraordinary cycling stability whilst delivering competitive areal capacity.
Arabidopsis cytosolic acyl-CoA-binding proteins ACBP4, ACBP5 and ACBP6 have overlapping but distinct roles in seed development
Authors: Hsiao An-Shan , Haslam Richard P. , Michaelson Louise V. , Liao Pan , Chen Qin-Fang , Sooriyaarachchi Sanjeewani , Mowbray Sherry L. , Napier Johnathan A. , Tanner Julian A. , Chye Mee-Len
Published: November 2014

Eukaryotic cytosolic ACBPs (acyl-CoA-binding proteins) bind acyl-CoA esters and maintain a cytosolic acyl-CoA pool, but the thermodynamics of their protein–lipid interactions and physiological relevance in plants are not well understood. Arabidopsis has three cytosolic ACBPs which have been identified as AtACBP4, AtACBP5 and AtACBP6, and microarray data indicated that all of them are expressed in seeds; AtACBP4 is expressed in early embryogenesis, whereas AtACBP5 is expressed later. ITC (isothermal titration calorimetry) in combination with transgenic Arabidopsis lines were used to investigate the roles of these three ACBPs from Arabidopsis thaliana. The dissociation constants, stoichiometry and enthalpy change of AtACBP interactions with various acyl-CoA esters were determined using ITC. Strong binding of recombinant (r) AtACBP6 with long-chain acyl-CoA (C16- to C18-CoA) esters was observed with dissociation constants in the nanomolar range. However, the affinity of rAtACBP4 and rAtACBP5 to these acyl-CoA esters was much weaker (dissociation constants in the micromolar range), suggesting that they interact with acyl-CoA esters differently from rAtACBP6. When transgenic Arabidopsis expressing AtACBP6pro::GUS was generated, strong GUS (β-glucuronidase) expression in cotyledonary-staged embryos and seedlings prompted us to measure the acyl-CoA contents of the acbp6 mutant. This mutant accumulated higher levels of C18:1-CoA and C18:1- and C18:2-CoAs in cotyledonary-staged embryos and seedlings, respectively, in comparison with the wild type. The acbp4acbp5acbp6 mutant showed the lightest seed weight and highest sensitivity to abscisic acid during germination, suggesting their physiological functions in seeds.
The Comprehensive AOCMF Classification System: Mandible Fractures-Level 3 Tutorial
Authors: Cornelius Carl-Peter , Audigé Laurent , Kunz Christoph , Rudderman Randal , Buitrago-Téllez Carlos H. , Frodel John , Prein Joachim
Published: November 2014

This tutorial outlines the details of the AOCMF image-based classification system for fractures of the mandibular arch (i.e. the non-condylar mandible) at the precision level 3. It is the logical expansion of the fracture allocation to topographic mandibular sites outlined in level 2, and is based on three-dimensional (3D) imaging techniques/computed tomography (CT)/cone beam CT). Level 3 allows an anatomical description of the individual conditions of the mandibular arch such as the preinjury dental state and the degree of alveolar atrophy. Trauma sequelae are then addressed: (1) tooth injuries and periodontal trauma, (2) fracture involvement of the alveolar process, (3) the degree of fracture fragmentation in three categories (none, minor, and major), and (4) the presence of bone loss. The grading of fragmentation needs a 3D evaluation of the fracture area, allowing visualization of the outer and inner mandibular cortices. To document these fracture features beyond topography the alphanumeric codes are supplied with distinctive appendices. This level 3 tutorial is accompanied by a brief survey of the peculiarities of the edentulous atrophic mandible. Illustrations and a few case examples serve as instruction and reference to improve the understanding and application of the presented features.
The Comprehensive AOCMF Classification System: Condylar Process Fractures - Level 3 Tutorial
Authors: Neff Andreas , Cornelius Carl-Peter , Rasse Michael , Torre DanielDalla , Audigé Laurent
Published: November 2014

This tutorial outlines the detailed system for fractures of the condylar process at the precision level 3 and is organized in a sequence of sections dealing with the description of the classification system within topographical subdivisions along with rules for fracture coding and a series of case examples with clinical imaging. Basically, the condylar process comprises three fracture levels and is subdivided into the head region, the condylar neck, and the condylar base. Fractures of the condylar head show typical fracture lines either within the lateral pole zone, which may lead to loss of vertical height, or medially to the pole zone, with the latter ones usually not compromising the vertical condyle to fossa relation. In condylar head fractures, the morphology is further described by the presence of minor or major fragmentation, the vertical apposition of fragments at the plane of the head fracture, the displacement of the condylar head with regard to the fossa including a potential distortion of the condylar head congruency resulting in dystopic condyle to fossa relations and the presence or absence of a loss of vertical ramus height. A specific vertical fracture pattern extending from the head to the neck or base subregion is considered. Fractures of the condylar neck and base can be differentiated according to a newly introduced one-third to two-thirds rule with regard to the proportion of the fracture line above and below the level of the sigmoid notch, which is presented in the classification article, and are basically subdivided according to the presence or absence of displacement or dislocation. In both condylar neck and base fractures, the classification is again based on the above mentioned parameters such as fragmentation, displacement of the condylar head with regard to the fossa, including dystopic condyle to fossa relations and loss of vertical ramus height, that is, according to the measurement of the condylar process. In addition, the classification assesses a sideward displacement including the respective displacement sector at the neck or base fracture site as well as the angulation of the superior main fragment and also considers a potential displacement of the caudal fragment with regard to the fossa, which may occur in fractures affecting additional fracture locations in the mandible. The design of this classification is discussed along with a review of existing classification systems. The condylar process for fracture location was defined according to the level 2 system presented in a previous tutorial in this special issue.
The Comprehensive AOCMF Classification System: Midface Fractures - Level 2 Tutorial
Authors: Kunz Christoph , Audigé Laurent , Cornelius Carl-Peter , Buitrago-Téllez Carlos H. , Frodel John , Rudderman Randal , Prein Joachim
Published: November 2014

The AOCMF Classification Group developed a hierarchical three-level craniomaxillofacial classification system with increasing level of complexity and details. The highest level 1 system distinguish four major anatomical units including the mandible (code 91), midface (code 92), skull base (code 93), and cranial vault (code 94). This tutorial presents the level 2 system for the midface unit that concentrates on the location of the fractures within defined regions in the central (upper, intermediate, and lower) and lateral (zygoma, pterygoid) midface, as well as the internal orbit and palate. The level 2 midface fracture location outlines the topographic boundaries of the anatomical regions. The common nasoorbitoethmoidal and zygoma en bloc fracture patterns, as well as the time-honored Le Fort classification are taken into account. This tutorial is organized in a sequence of sections dealing with the description of the classification system with illustrations of the topographical cranial midface regions along with rules for fracture location and coding, a series of case examples with clinical imaging and a general discussion on the design of this classification. Individual fracture mapping in these regions regarding severity, fragmentation, displacement of the fragment or bone defect is addressed in a more detailed level 3 system in the subsequent articles.
Direct computation of parameters for accurate polarizable force fields
Authors: Verstraelen Toon , Vandenbrande Steven , Ayers Paul W.
Published: November 2014

We present an improved electronic linear response model to incorporate polarization and charge-transfer effects in polarizable force fields. This model is a generalization of the Atom-Condensed Kohn-Sham Density Functional Theory (DFT), approximated to second order (ACKS2): it can now be defined with any underlying variational theory (next to KS-DFT) and it can include atomic multipoles and off-center basis functions. Parameters in this model are computed efficiently as expectation values of an electronic wavefunction, obviating the need for their calibration, regularization, and manual tuning. In the limit of a complete density and potential basis set in the ACKS2 model, the linear response properties of the underlying theory for a given molecular geometry are reproduced exactly. A numerical validation with a test set of 110 molecules shows that very accurate models can already be obtained with fluctuating charges and dipoles. These features greatly facilitate the development of polarizable force fields.
A laboratory-based hard x-ray monochromator for high-resolution x-ray emission spectroscopy and x-ray absorption near edge structure measurements
Authors: Seidler G. T. , Mortensen D. R. , Remesnik A. J. , Pacold J. I. , Ball N. A. , Barry N. , Styczinski M. , Hoidn O. R.
Published: November 2014

We report the development of a laboratory-based Rowland-circle monochromator that incorporates a low power x-ray (bremsstrahlung) tube source, a spherically bent crystal analyzer, and an energy-resolving solid-state detector. This relatively inexpensive, introductory level instrument achieves 1-eV energy resolution for photon energies of ∼5 keV to ∼10 keV while also demonstrating a net efficiency previously seen only in laboratory monochromators having much coarser energy resolution. Despite the use of only a compact, air-cooled 10 W x-ray tube, we find count rates for nonresonant x-ray emission spectroscopy comparable to those achieved at monochromatized spectroscopy beamlines at synchrotron light sources. For x-ray absorption near edge structure, the monochromatized flux is small (due to the use of a low-powered x-ray generator) but still useful for routine transmission-mode studies of concentrated samples. These results indicate that upgrading to a standard commercial high-power line-focused x-ray tube or rotating anode x-ray generator would result in monochromatized fluxes of order 106–107 photons/s with no loss in energy resolution. This work establishes core technical capabilities for a rejuvenation of laboratory-based hard x-ray spectroscopies that could have special relevance for contemporary research on catalytic or electrical energy storage systems using transition-metal, lanthanide, or noble-metal active species.
Method of choice for fabrication of high-quality ZnO-based Schottky diodes
Authors: Müller Stefan , von Wenckstern Holger , Schmidt Florian , Splith Daniel , Heinhold Robert , Allen Martin , Grundmann Marius
Published: November 2014

We present a comprehensive comparison of electrical properties of differently fabricated high quality Schottky contacts on ZnO thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition. Thermally evaporated Pd/ZnO Schottky contacts exhibit ideality factors as low as 1.06 due to their high lateral homogeneity. The effective Richardson constant determined using these homogeneous contacts is (7.7±4.8)A cm−2 K−2 close to the theoretical value of 32 A cm−2 K−2. However, their rectification ratio is at most five orders of magnitude due to their comparably small barrier height (≈0.7eV). The largest effective barrier height (1.11 eV) and rectification ratio (7×1010) was obtained for reactively sputtered PdOx/ZnO Schottky contacts. Eclipse pulsed laser deposited IrOx/ZnO Schottky contacts were found to combine very good lateral homogeneity (n≈1.1), with a reasonably large barrier height (0.96 eV) and large rectification ratio (≈9 orders of magnitude). Our results for differently fabricated Schottky contacts suggest that the barrier formation is highly dependent on the presence of oxygen vacancies close to the interface and the different compensation mechanisms involved.
Magneto-transport properties of a random distribution of few-layer graphene patches
Authors: Iacovella Fabrice , Trinsoutrot Pierre , Mitioglu Anatolie , Conédéra Véronique , Pierre Mathieu , Raquet Bertrand , Goiran Michel , Vergnes Hugues , Caussat Brigitte , Plochocka Paulina , Escoffier Walter
Published: November 2014

In this study, we address the electronic properties of conducting films constituted of an array of randomly distributed few layer graphene patches and investigate on their most salient galvanometric features in the moderate and extreme disordered limit. We demonstrate that, in annealed devices, the ambipolar behaviour and the onset of Landau level quantization in high magnetic field constitute robust hallmarks of few-layer graphene films. In the strong disorder limit, however, the magneto-transport properties are best described by a variable-range hopping behaviour. A large negative magneto-conductance is observed at the charge neutrality point, in consistency with localized transport regime.
Dynamics of the reaction of C2 with C6H2: An implication for the formation of interstellar C8H
Authors: Sun Yi-Lun , Huang Wen-Jian , Chin Chih-Hao , Lee Shih-Huang
Published: November 2014

The reaction C2 + C6H2 → C8H + H was investigated for the first time. Reactant C2 (C6H2) was synthesized from 1% C3F6/He (5% C2H2/He) by pulsed high-voltage discharge. We measured the translational-energy distribution, the angular distribution, and the photoionization spectrum of product C8H in a crossed molecular-beam apparatus using synchrotron vacuum-ultraviolet ionization. This reaction released average translational energy of 8.5 kcal mol−1 corresponding to a fraction of 0.37 in translation. C8H was identified as octatetranyl based on the maximal translational-energy release 23 ± 2 kcal mol−1 and the ionization threshold 8.9 ± 0.2 eV. Kinematic constraints can qualitatively account for the nearly isotropic angular distribution. The quantum-chemical calculations indicate that the exothermic reactions C2 (X 1Σg+/a 3Πu) + HC6H → C8H + H can proceed without entrance and exit barriers, implying the importance in the cold interstellar medium. This work verifies that interstellar C8H can be formed through the C2 + C6H2 reaction.
Electronic structure and morphology of epitaxial Bi2Te2Se topological insulator films
Authors: Maaß H. , Schreyeck S. , Schatz S. , Fiedler S. , Seibel C. , Lutz P. , Karczewski G. , Bentmann H. , Gould C. , Brunner K. , Molenkamp L. W. , Reinert F.
Published: November 2014

Epitaxial films of the ternary topological insulator Bi2Te2Se were grown on Si(111) substrates and investigated for their surface electronic properties and morphology. We employ a Se-capping procedure allowing for the preparation of clean films in the surface-analysis experimental setups. Using angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, we determine the dispersion of the topological surface state. With time after surface preparation, the spectroscopic features in the surface electronic structure exhibit significant temperature-dependent shifts to higher binding energies. Scanning tunneling microscopy images show terraces with typical step edge separations of 50 nm–150 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates an increased Se concentration at the surface.
Image sticking in liquid crystal displays with lateral electric fields
Authors: Xu Daming , Peng Fenglin , Chen Haiwei , Yuan Jiamin , Wu Shin-Tson , Li Ming-Chun , Lee Seok-Lyul , Tsai Weng-Ching
Published: November 2014

We propose a kinetic model to account for the nonuniform adsorption and desorption processes in fringe field switching (FFS) and in-plane-switching liquid crystal displays. An equation is proposed to describe the generation mechanism of residual DC voltage and good agreements with experiment are obtained. Based on this model, the mechanisms underlying the formation and relaxation processes of residual DC voltage as well as their dependences on offset DC voltage and temperature are investigated. Moreover, the residual DC voltages of FFS cells employing positive and negative dielectric anisotropy LCs are compared and the physics responsible for the observed difference is explained.
Gas detection using large-size graphene with defects
Authors: Huang Shiu-Ming , Fan Yu-Fang , Kumar Pushpendra
Published: November 2014

A macroscopic graphene is thermally annealed in oxygen gas, and Raman spectroscopy shows that the number of structural defects increases after thermal annealing. The temperature dependence of resistance is studied in macroscopic graphene with different numbers of structural defects in various gas environments. The temperature dependent slope of normalized resistance is independent of the number of structural defects and is small in the gas environment of heavier molecules. Following the temperature dependent slopes of normalized resistance, one can identify the molecule mass of the environmental gas. The temperature dependence of thermal electric power is sensitive to the quantity of the structural defects.
The exchange interaction values of perovskite-type materials EuTiO3 and EuZrO3
Authors: Hu Ai-Yuan , Wang Huai-Yu
Published: November 2014

A comprehensive research of the antiferromagnetic (AFM) structures of perovskite-type EuTiO3 and EuZrO3 is carried out by use of the double-time Green's function. All three possible types of AFM configurations are considered, and theoretical results are compared to experiments to extract the exchange parameters J1 and J2 values. The obtained exchanges are employed to calculate the magnetic susceptibility, which is then, in turn, compared to experiments. In this way, we can be certain that the EuZrO3, as well as EuTiO3, is of the G-type structure ever conjectured, and A- and C-types are ruled out. Our achieved J1 and J2 values are compared with those obtained by the mean field approximation and Monte Carlo simulation, and better agree with experiments.
A unified framework of mutual influence between two pathogens in multiplex networks
Authors: Zhao Yanping , Zheng Muhua , Liu Zonghua
Published: November 2014

There are many evidences to show that different pathogens may interplay each other and cause a variety of mutual influences of epidemics in multiplex networks, but it is still lack of a framework to unify all the different dynamic outcomes of the interactions between the pathogens. We here study this problem and first time present the concept of state-dependent infectious rate, in contrast to the constant infectious rate in previous studies. We consider a model consisting of a two-layered network with one pathogen on the first layer and the other on the second layer, and show that all the different influences between the two pathogens can be given by the different range of parameters in the infectious rates, which includes the cases of mutual enhancement, mutual suppression, and even initial cooperation (suppression) induced final suppression (acceleration). A theoretical analysis is present to explain the numerical results.
Pseudo single crystal, direct-band-gap Ge0.89Sn0.11 on amorphous dielectric layers towards monolithic 3D photonic integration
Authors: Li Haofeng , Brouillet Jeremy , Wang Xiaoxin , Liu Jifeng
Published: November 2014

We demonstrate pseudo single crystal, direct-band-gap Ge0.89Sn0.11 crystallized on amorphous layers at <450 °C towards 3D Si photonic integration. We developed two approaches to seed the lateral single crystal growth: (1) utilize the Gibbs-Thomson eutectic temperature depression at the tip of an amorphous GeSn nanotaper for selective nucleation; (2) laser-induced nucleation at one end of a GeSn strip. Either way, the crystallized Ge0.89Sn0.11 is dominated by a single grain >18 μm long that forms optoelectronically benign twin boundaries with others grains. These pseudo single crystal, direct-band-gap Ge0.89Sn0.11 patterns are suitable for monolithic 3D integration of active photonic devices on Si.
Modeling transport properties of inhomogeneous superconductor-metal composites
Authors: Borroto A. , Del Río L. , Arronte M. , Johansen T. H. , Altshuler E.
Published: November 2014

We propose a model for a superconductor-metal composite that allows to derive intrinsic transport properties of the superconducting phase based on 2D images of its cross section, and a minimal set of parameters. The method is tested experimentally by using, as model composite, a “transversal bridge” made on a Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+x (BSCCO)-Ag multi-filamentary tape. It is shown that the approach allows to predict the measured I−〈E〉 curves of the filaments. In addition, one can determine the critical current anisotropy between the longitudinal and transverse directions of the Ag-BSCCO tape, and also of its superconducting filaments separately, which emphasizes the role of the morphology of the composite in the transport properties.
Selective excitation of Fabry-Perot or whispering-gallery mode-type lasing in GaN microrods
Authors: Baek Hyeonjun , Hyun Jerome K. , Chung Kunook , Oh Hongseok , Yi Gyu-Chul
Published: November 2014

Lasing from long semiconductor nanorods is dictated by Fabry-Perot (FP) resonances whereas that from large-diameter microrods is determined by whispering gallery modes (WGMs). Lengths and diameters intermediate between the two systems represent an important size regime for photonics and electronics, but have not been studied in detail. Here, we report on the detection of FP and WGM lasing emissions from a single GaN microrod, and demonstrate the ability to switch between the two lasing mechanisms by translating the excitation beam along the microrod. The competition between FP and WGM-type lasing was studied by finite-difference time-domain simulation and statistical analysis by measuring microrods of various diameters. Finally, control over the relative lasing intensities originating from either FPs or WGMs was demonstrated by tuning the polarization of the emission.
Defect structure of ultrafine MgB2 nanoparticles
Authors: Bateni Ali , Repp Sergej , Thomann Ralf , Acar Selçuk , Erdem Emre , Somer Mehmet
Published: November 2014

Defect structure of MgB2 bulk and ultrafine particles, synthesized by solid state reaction route, have been investigated mainly by the aid of X-band electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer. Two different amorphous Boron (B) precursors were used for the synthesis of MgB2, namely, boron 95 (purity 95%–97%, <1.5 μm) and nanoboron (purity >98.5%, <250 nm), which revealed bulk and nanosized MgB2, respectively. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy analysis demonstrate uniform and ultrafine morphology for nanosized MgB2 in comparison with bulk MgB2. Powder X-ray diffraction data show that the concentration of the by-product MgO is significantly reduced when nanoboron is employed as precursor. It is observed that a significant average particle size reduction for MgB2 can be achieved only by using B particles of micron or nano size. The origin and the role of defect centers were also investigated and the results proved that at nanoscale MgB2 material contains Mg vacancies. Such vacancies influence the connectivity and the conductivity properties which are crucial for the superconductivity applications.
Numerical solution of two dimensional coupled viscous Burger equation using modified cubic B-spline differential quadrature method
Authors: Shukla H. S. , Tamsir Mohammad , Srivastava Vineet K. , Kumar Jai
Published: November 2014

In this paper, a numerical solution of two dimensional nonlinear coupled viscous Burger equation is discussed with appropriate initial and boundary conditions using the modified cubic B-spline differential quadrature method. In this method, the weighting coefficients are computed using the modified cubic B-spline as a basis function in the differential quadrature method. Thus, the coupled Burger equation is reduced into a system of ordinary differential equations. An optimal five stage and fourth-order strong stability preserving Runge–Kutta scheme is applied for solving the resulting system of ordinary differential equations. The accuracy of the scheme is illustrated by taking two numerical examples. Computed results are compared with the exact solutions and other results available in literature. Obtained numerical result shows that the described method is efficient and reliable scheme for solving two dimensional coupled viscous Burger equation.
The experimental investigation of syllable structure
Authors: Derwing Bruce L. , Eddington David
Published: November 2014

This paper is a selective state-of-the-art report on a variety of issues related to the adoption of experimental methods to the study of syllable structure. The rationale for an experimental approach is presented in the first section, followed by a brief section on of some of the main theoretical issues involved. Section three then presents a recap of the most important empirical findings, focusing on the key factors involved, rather than the details of the specific results. Section four then presents an illustrative case where the experimental results seem to conflict, along with discussion of some of the factors that are likely responsible for this. Finally, in the last section, an appeal is made for a deeper theoretical perspective than the one that has guided research in this area heretofore.
Idiom properties influencing idiom production in younger and older adults
Authors: Hyun JungMoon , Conner Peggy S. , Obler Loraine K.
Published: November 2014

In order to study the factors influencing storage, access, and retrieval of idioms as they relate to advancing age, we investigated the properties of idioms that directly influence idiom production and their relation to aging. In particular, we selected measures of structural complexity (grammatical class, syntactic frozenness) and a measure of semantic complexity (compositionality) along with several other measures that interact with representation and processing (idiom familiarity, word frequency, semantic neighborhood density). The performance of younger adults (age 18–30) was predicted by idiom familiarity; that of older adults (age 60–85) was predicted by frozenness. In addition, both younger and older adults performed better on full-sentence idioms than on verb-phrase ones. The results are discussed within a theoretical framework of idiom production and aging.
Blood Pressure Percentiles in 22,051 German Children and Adolescents: The PEP Family Heart Study
Authors: Schwandt Peter , Scholze Juergen E. , Bertsch Thomas , Liepold Evelyn , Haas Gerda M.
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUND

Strong associations between blood pressure (BP) and overweight raise the question whether overweight children (body mass index (BMI) ≥85th percentile) should be included in the normative database.

METHODS

Using the LMS (Lamda-Mu-Sigma) method, we developed age-, gender-, and height-adjusted percentile curves for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at the 50th, 85th, 90th, 95th, and 97th percentiles in 22,051 German youths (18,917 normal-weight, 1,938 overweight, and 1,196 obese) aged 3–18 years from yearly cross-sectional surveys of the PEP Family Heart Study Nuremberg.

RESULTS

Among children, we found no gender differences for BP and BMI. Male adolescents are taller and heavier. The mean prevalence of hypertension and obesity is 7.3% and 5.2% among children and 7.2% and 5.8% among adolescents, respectively. The prevalence of elevated BP increased substantially by weight groups achieving 24.4% in obese females and 21.9% in obese males with odds ratios of 5.9 (95% confidence interval (CI): 5.1–7.5) and 4.3 (95% CI: 3.5–5.2), respectively. The shapes of the 10 LMS-smoothed SBP and DBP percentile curves differ substantially between gender and weight group. The normal-weight percentiles are nearly identical with the overall growth charts, but separate percentiles for overweight and obese youths provide considerably higher values, such as 148/91 vs. 136/86 mm Hg for a 17-year-old male and 136/91 vs. 123/81 mm Hg for female, respectively, at the 90th percentile.

CONCLUSIONS

Because of substantially higher BP percentiles, separate databases for overweight and obese children and adolescents are strongly recommended.
Ustiloxins, fungal cyclic peptides, are ribosomally synthesized in Ustilaginoidea virens
Authors: Tsukui Takahiro , Nagano Nozomi , Umemura Myco , Kumagai Toshitaka , Terai Goro , Machida Masayuki , Asai Kiyoshi
Published: November 2014

Motivation: Ustiloxins A and B are toxic cyclic tetrapeptides, Tyr-Val/Ala-Ile-Gly (Y-V/A-I-G), that were originally identified from Ustilaginoidea virens, a pathogenic fungus affecting rice plants. Contrary to our report that ustiloxin B is ribosomally synthesized in Aspergillus flavus, a recent report suggested that ustiloxins are synthesized by a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase in U.virens. Thus, we analyzed the U.virens genome, to identify the responsible gene cluster.

Results: The biosynthetic gene cluster was identified from the genome of U.virens based on homologies to the ribosomal peptide biosynthetic gene cluster for ustiloxin B identified from A.flavus. It contains a gene encoding precursor protein having five Tyr-Val-Ile-Gly and three Tyr-Ala-Ile-Gly motifs for ustiloxins A and B, respectively, strongly indicating that ustiloxins A and B from U.virens are ribosomally synthesized.

Availability and implementation: Accession codes of the U.virens and A.flavus gene clusters in NCBI are BR001221 and BR001206, respectively.

Contact:  umemura-m@aist.go.jp or asai@k.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Supplementary information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Multi-kilobase homozygous targeted gene replacement in human induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Byrne Susan M. , Ortiz Luis , Mali Prashant , Aach John , Church George M.
Published: November 2014

Sequence-specific nucleases such as TALEN and the CRISPR/Cas9 system have so far been used to disrupt, correct or insert transgenes at precise locations in mammalian genomes. We demonstrate efficient ‘knock-in’ targeted replacement of multi-kilobase genes in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). Using a model system replacing endogenous human genes with their mouse counterpart, we performed a comprehensive study of targeting vector design parameters for homologous recombination. A 2.7 kilobase (kb) homozygous gene replacement was achieved in up to 11% of iPSC without selection. The optimal homology arm length was around 2 kb, with homology length being especially critical on the arm not adjacent to the cut site. Homologous sequence inside the cut sites was detrimental to targeting efficiency, consistent with a synthesis-dependent strand annealing (SDSA) mechanism. Using two nuclease sites, we observed a high degree of gene excisions and inversions, which sometimes occurred more frequently than indel mutations. While homozygous deletions of 86 kb were achieved with up to 8% frequency, deletion frequencies were not solely a function of nuclease activity and deletion size. Our results analyzing the optimal parameters for targeting vector design will inform future gene targeting efforts involving multi-kilobase gene segments, particularly in human iPSC.
The Impact of Housing Assistance on Child Outcomes: Evidence from a Randomized Housing Lottery
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Authors: Jacob Brian A. , Kapustin Max , Ludwig Jens
Published: November 2014

One long-standing motivation for low-income housing programs is the possibility that housing affordability and housing conditions generate externalities, including on children’s behavior and long-term life outcomes. We take advantage of a randomized housing voucher lottery in Chicago in 1997 to examine the long-term impact of housing assistance on a wide variety of child outcomes, including schooling, health, and criminal involvement. In contrast to most prior work focusing on families in public housing, we focus on families living in unsubsidized private housing at baseline, for whom voucher receipt generates large changes in both housing and nonhousing consumption. We find that the receipt of housing assistance has little, if any, impact on neighborhood or school quality or on a wide range of important child outcomes.
Effective Reversal of Edoxaban-associated Bleeding with Four-factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate in a Rabbit Model of Acute Hemorrhage
Authors: Herzog Eva , Kaspereit Franz , Krege Wilfried , Doerr Baerbel , Mueller-Cohrs Jochen , Pragst Ingo , Morishima Yoshiyuki , Dickneite Gerhard
Published: November 2014

AbstractAbstract

In a rabbit model of acute hemorrhage, a four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate also significantly decreased edoxaban-associated bleeding and improved hemostatic activation.

Background:

Edoxaban is an oral, selective direct factor Xa inhibitor approved in Japan for venous thromboembolism prevention after orthopedic surgery. Data are lacking regarding reversal strategies for edoxaban; this study assessed whether four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (Beriplex®/Kcentra®; CSL Behring GmbH, Marburg, Germany) can effectively reverse its effects on hemostasis using a previously described rabbit model.

Methods:

The study comprised assessments of thrombin generation in vitro, pharmacokinetic parameters, and edoxaban reversal in vivo. In a blinded in vivo stage, a standardized kidney incision was performed in animals (n = 11 per group) randomized to receive vehicle + saline, edoxaban (1,200 μg/kg) + saline, or edoxaban (1,200 μg/kg) + four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (50 IU/kg). Animals were monitored for treatment impact on hemostasis and coagulation parameters. Data are median (range). Statistical tests were adjusted for multiple testing.

Results:

Edoxaban administration increased blood loss (30 [2 to 44] ml) and time to hemostasis (23 [8.5 to 30.0] min) compared with the control group (3 [1 to 8] ml and 3 [2.0 to 5.0] min, respectively). Biomarkers of coagulation (prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, whole blood clotting time) and thrombin generation parameters (e.g., peak thrombin, endogenous thrombin potential, lag time) were also affected by edoxaban. Administration of four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate significantly reduced time to hemostasis (to 8 [6.5 to 14.0] min, observed P < 0.0001) and total blood loss (to 9 [4 to 22] ml, observed P = 0.0050) compared with the edoxaban + saline group. Of the biomarkers tested, prothrombin time, whole blood clotting time, and endogenous thrombin potential correlated best with clinical parameters.

Conclusion:

In a rabbit model of hemostasis, four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate administration significantly decreased edoxaban-associated hemorrhage.
Maternal Supplementation With Natural or Synthetic Vitamin E and Its Levels in Human Colostrum
Authors: Clemente Heleni A. , Ramalho Heryka M.M. , Lima Mayara S.R. , Grilo Evellyn C. , Dimenstein Roberto
Published: November 2014

Objectives:

Newborns are considered a high‐risk group for vitamin E deficiency. Breast milk is a source of alpha‐tocopherol (α‐TOH), a form of vitamin E that prevents deficiency. The present study aimed to assess whether supplementation with a natural or synthetic form of α‐TOH, in addition to maternal sources of vitamin E, would increase the concentration of α‐TOH in colostrum.

Methods:

A total of 109 healthy lactating women were recruited from a Brazilian public maternity clinic and randomized into 3 groups: control without supplementation (n = 36), natural α‐TOH supplementation (n = 40), and synthetic α‐TOH supplementation (n = 33). Blood and colostrum samples were collected before and after supplementation to check the nutritional status of these women by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The Kruskal‐Wallis test was applied for independent samples, and Tukey test was used for 2‐way analysis of the averages of the groups. The baseline nutritional status of vitamin E of all of the lactating women enrolled in the trial was considered adequate.

Results:

Women who received supplementation had higher concentrations of α‐TOH in colostrum than the control group, with 57% and 39% increases in women supplemented with the natural and synthetic forms of α‐TOH, respectively.

Conclusions:

Supplementation with both forms of α‐TOH increased vitamin E concentrations in colostrum; however, the natural form was more efficient in increasing the levels.
Extending Supplementary Feeding for Children Younger Than 5 Years With Moderate Acute Malnutrition Leads to Lower Relapse Rates
Authors: Trehan Indi , Banerjee Somalee , Murray Ellen , Ryan Kelsey N. , Thakwalakwa Chrissie , Maleta Kenneth M. , Manary Mark J.
Published: November 2014

Objectives:

Children with moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) have a high rate of relapse and death in the year following recovery. In this pilot study, we evaluate the long‐term benefits of an extended course of nutritional therapy for children with MAM.

Methods:

Rural Malawian children 6 to 59 months old with MAM, defined as a weight‐for‐height z score (WHZ) between −2 and −3, were provided supplementary feeding for a fixed duration of 12 weeks. The children were then studied for 12 months to assess long‐term nutritional status, and compared with children initially treated only until they first reached WHZ > −2.

Results:

Compared with children treated until they reached WHZ > −2, children treated for 12 weeks were more likely to remain well nourished (71% vs 63%, P = 0.0015) and maintain more normal anthropometric indices during 12 months of follow‐up; there was also a trend towards lower rates of severe acute malnutrition (7% vs 10%, P = 0.067) and death (2% vs 4%, P = 0.082). Regression modeling showed that mid‐upper arm circumference and WHZ at the end of supplementary feeding were the most important factors in predicting which children remained well nourished (P < 0.001 for each).

Conclusions:

The duration of supplementary feeding for children with MAM may not be as important as their anthropometry in terms of remaining well nourished after initial recovery. The presently accepted recovery criteria of WHZ of −2 may be insufficient for ensuring long‐term nutritional health; consideration should be given to setting higher recovery criteria.