bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Minimal submanifolds from the abelian Higgs model
Authors: Pigati Alessandro , Stern Daniel
Published: September 2020

Given a Hermitian line bundle $$L\rightarrow M$$

L
→
M

over a closed, oriented Riemannian manifold M, we study the asymptotic behavior, as $$\epsilon \rightarrow 0$$

ϵ
→
0

, of couples $$(u_\epsilon ,\nabla _\epsilon )$$

(

u
ϵ

,

∇
ϵ

)

critical for the rescalings $$\begin{aligned} E_\epsilon (u,\nabla )=\int _M\Big (|\nabla u|^2+\epsilon ^2|F_\nabla |^2+\frac{1}{4\epsilon ^2}(1-|u|^2)^2\Big ) \end{aligned}$$

E
ϵ

(
u
,
∇
)

=

∫
M

(

|
∇
u
|

2

+

ϵ
2

|

F
∇

|

2

+

1

4

ϵ
2

(
1
-
|
u
|

2

)

2

)

of the self-dual Yang–Mills–Higgs energy, where u is a section of L and $$\nabla $$
∇
is a Hermitian connection on L with curvature $$F_{\nabla }$$

F
∇

. Under the natural assumption $$\limsup _{\epsilon \rightarrow 0}E_\epsilon (u_\epsilon ,\nabla _\epsilon )<\infty $$

lim sup

ϵ
→
0

E
ϵ

(

u
ϵ

,

∇
ϵ

)

<
∞

, we show that the energy measures converge subsequentially to (the weight measure $$\mu $$
μ
of) a stationary integral $$(n-2)$$

(
n
-
2
)

-varifold. Also, we show that the $$(n-2)$$

(
n
-
2
)

-currents dual to the curvature forms converge subsequentially to $$2\pi \Gamma $$

2
π
Γ

, for an integral $$(n-2)$$

(
n
-
2
)

-cycle $$\Gamma $$
Γ
with $$|\Gamma |\le \mu $$

|
Γ
|
≤
μ

. Finally, we provide a variational construction of nontrivial critical points $$(u_\epsilon ,\nabla _\epsilon )$$

(

u
ϵ

,

∇
ϵ

)

on arbitrary line bundles, satisfying a uniform energy bound. As a byproduct, we obtain a PDE proof, in codimension two, of Almgren’s existence result for (nontrivial) stationary integral $$(n-2)$$

(
n
-
2
)

-varifolds in an arbitrary closed Riemannian manifold.
Development of a constitutive and an auto-inducible high-yield expression system for recombinant protein production in the microalga Nannochloropsis oceanica
Authors: de Grahl Imke , Rout Sweta Suman , Maple-Grødem Jodi , Reumann Sigrun
Published: September 2020

Photoautotrophic microalgae offer a great potential as novel hosts for efficient recombinant protein production. Nannochloropsis oceanica produces an extraordinarily high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and its robust growth characteristics, published genome sequence and efficient nuclear transformation make N. oceanica a promising candidate for biotechnological applications. To establish a robust and flexible system for recombinant protein production, we cloned six endogenous, potentially constitutive or inducible promoters from N. oceanica strain CCMP1779 and investigated their strength using monomeric Venus as reporter gene. Microscopic pre-screening of individual transformants revealed that the promoters of elongation factor (EF), tubulin (TUB) and nitrate reductase (NR) enabled high reporter gene expression. Comparative quantitative analyses of transformant populations by flow cytometry and qRT-PCR demonstrated the highest Venus expression from the EF promoter and the NR promoter if extended by an N-terminal 14-amino acid leader sequence. The kinetics of reporter gene expression were analysed during photobioreactor cultivation, achieving Venus yields of 0.3% (for EF) and 4.9% (for NR::LS) of total soluble protein. Since inducible expression systems enable the production of toxic proteins, we developed an auto-induction medium for the NR promoter transformants. By switching the N source from ammonium to nitrate in the presence of low ammonium concentrations, the starting point of Venus induction could be fine-tuned and shifted towards exponential growth phase while maintaining high recombinant protein yields. Taken together, we demonstrate that a model recombinant protein can be produced robustly and at very high levels in N. oceanica not only under constitutive but also under auto-inducible cultivation conditions.

Key points

• Nannochloropsis oceanica might serve as host for recombinant protein production.

• Comparative promoter strength analyses were conducted for twelve different constructs.

• Robust high-yield recombinant protein production was achieved under constitutive conditions.

• The nitrate reductase promoter enabled protein production under auto-induction conditions.
PET/MRI in prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Evangelista Laura , Zattoni Fabio , Cassarino Gianluca , Artioli Paolo , Cecchin Diego , dal Moro Fabrizio , Zucchetta Pietro
Published: September 2020

Aim

In recent years, the clinical availability of scanners for integrated positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has enabled the practical potential of multimodal, combined metabolic-receptor, anatomical, and functional imaging to be explored. The present systematic review and meta-analysis summarize the diagnostic information provided by PET/MRI in patients with prostate cancer (PCa).

Materials and methods

A literature search was conducted in three different databases. The terms used were “choline” or “prostate-specific membrane antigen - PSMA” AND “prostate cancer” or “prostate” AND “PET/MRI” or “PET MRI” or “PET-MRI” or “positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging.” All relevant records identified were combined, and the full texts were retrieved. Reports were excluded if (1) they did not consider hybrid PET/MRI; or (2) the sample size was < 10 patients; or (3) the raw data were not enough to enable the completion of a 2 × 2 contingency table.

Results

Fifty articles were eligible for systematic review, and 23 for meta-analysis. The pooled data concerned 2104 patients. Initial disease staging was the main indication for PET/MRI in 24 studies. Radiolabeled PSMA was the tracer most frequently used. In primary tumors, the pooled sensitivity for the patient-based analysis was 94.9%. At restaging, the pooled detection rate was 80.9% and was higher for radiolabeled PSMA than for choline (81.8% and 77.3%, respectively).

Conclusions

PET/MRI proved highly sensitive in detecting primary PCa, with a high detection rate for recurrent disease, particularly when radiolabeled PSMA was used.
The Prognostic Relevance of the Number and Location of Positive Lymph Nodes for Ampulla of Vater Carcinoma
Authors: Matsui Satoshi , Yamamoto Yusuke , Sugiura Teiichi , Okamura Yukiyasu , Ito Takaaki , Ashida Ryo , Ohgi Katsuhisa , Imamura Taisuke , Uesaka Katsuhiko
Published: September 2020

Background

Lymph node metastasis (LNM) has been regarded as one of the prognostic factors in patients with ampulla of Vater carcinoma (AC). However, the consensus about an optimal cutoff value of the number of LNMs and the definition of the regional lymph nodes (RLNs) has not been achieved.

Methods

This study included 114 consecutive patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy for AC between January 2002 and March 2019.

Results

The minimum p value approach for the greatest difference in the overall survival classified the number of LNM into none (N0, n = 66), from 1 to 2 (N1, n = 32), and ≥3 LNM (N2, n = 11) (p = 0.004). Distant LNM was defined as M1 (n = 5). Significant differences in relapse‐free survival (RFS) were found between N0 and N1 (p < 0.001), N1 and N2 (p = 0.047), and N1 and M1 (p = 0.044) but not between N2 and M1 (p = 0.683). Moreover, the patients with regional LNM were classified into two groups: Np group (n = 35, LNM only in pancreatic head region) and Nd group (n = 8, LNM in other regional location). Significant differences in the RFS were found between N0 and Np (p < 0.001), Np and Nd (p = 0.004), and Np and M1 (p = 0.033) but not between Nd and M1 (p = 0.883). A Cox proportional hazards analysis for RFS revealed that ≥ 3 LNMs (hazards ratio [HR], 3.22) and LNM except for pancreatic head region (HR, 4.27) were individually independent worse prognostic factors.

Conclusions

≥3 LNMs and regional LNM except for pancreatic head region were associated with poor prognosis comparable to that of the patients with M1.
Development and Validation of a New Nomogram for Predicting Clinically Relevant Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula After Pancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: Huang Xi‐Tai , Huang Chen‐Song , Liu Chen , Chen Wei , Cai Jian‐Peng , Cheng He , Jiang Xing‐Xing , Liang Li‐Jian , Yu Xian‐Jun , Yin Xiao‐Yu
Published: September 2020

Background

There lacks an ideal model for accurately predicting clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR‐POPF) after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). This study aimed at developing a nomogram with high accuracy in predicting CR‐POPF after PD.

Methods

A total of 1182 patients undergoing PD in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University (FAHSYSU, n = 762) and Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC, n = 420) between January 2010 and May 2018 were enrolled. The patients from FAHSYSU were assigned as testing cohort, and those from FUSCC were used as external validation cohort. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the predictive factors for CR‐POPF. Nomogram was developed on the basis of significant predictors. The performance of nomogram was evaluated by area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis.

Results

In testing cohort, 87 out of 762 patients developed CR‐POPF. Three predictors were significantly associated with CR‐POPF, including body mass index ≥24.0 kg/m2, pancreatic duct diameter <3 mm, and drainage fluid amylase on postoperative day 1 ≥2484 units/L (all p ≤ 0.001). Prediction of nomogram was accurate with AUC of 0.934 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.914–0.950) in testing cohort and 0.744 (95% CI: 0.699–0.785) in external validation cohort. The predictive accuracy of nomogram was better than that of previously proposed fistula risk scores both in testing and external validation cohort (all p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The novel nomogram based on three easily available parameters could accurately predict CR‐POPF after PD. It would have high clinical value due to its accuracy and convenience.
Microwave Ablation Versus Wedge Resection for Stage I Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Adjacent to the Pericardium: Propensity Score Analyses of Long-term Outcomes
Authors: Hu Hao , Zhai Bo , Liu Rong , Chi Jia chang
Published: September 2020

Objective

The present study has compared the long-term outcomes between performing wedge resection (WR) and microwave ablation (MWA) as first-line treatment of stage I non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with tumors adjacent to the pericardium.

Materials and Methods

Between January 2014 and December 2018, a total of 223 consecutive patients with T1N0 NSCLC underwent first-line treatment by WR (n = 155) or image-guided lung MWA (n = 68). This study has compared the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates between the two treatments before and after propensity score matching. Subgroup analysis of these outcomes was conducted based on the distance from the pericardium.

Results

The median follow-up time was 47 months. Propensity matching yielded 56 pairs of patients. In the two matched groups, the PFS rates in the WR group at 3 and 5 years were 66.0% and 56.0% and 54.0% and 36.0%, respectively, in the MWA group (P = 0.029). Meanwhile, the corresponding OS rates for the WR group at 3 and 5 years were 81.0% and 72.0% and 60.0% and 55.0% in the MWA group, respectively (P = 0.031). Subgroup analysis, done according to the treatment modality, indicated that local tumor recurrence and PFS for NSCLCs that were close but not contiguous to the pericardium were different from those contiguous to the pericardium (P = 0.018 and P = 0.025, respectively).

Conclusion

WR provided better long-term tumor control and OS compared to MWA for stage I NSCLC adjacent to the pericardium as a first-line treatment. MWA can be considered as an alternative option for high-risk and inoperable patients, particularly for tumors that were not contiguous to the pericardium.
Whole-liver histogram and texture analysis on T1 maps improves the risk stratification of advanced fibrosis in NAFLD
Authors: Xu Xinxin , Zhu Hong , Li Ruokun , Lin Huimin , Grimm Robert , Fu Caixia , Yan Fuhua
Published: September 2020

Objectives

To assess whole-liver texture analysis on T1 maps for risk stratification of advanced fibrosis in patients with suspected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods

This retrospective study included 53 patients. Histogram and texture parameters (volume, mean, SD, median, 5th percentile, 95th percentile, skewness, kurtosis, diff-entropy, diff-variance, contrast, and entropy) of T1 maps were calculated based on the semi-automatically segmented whole-liver volume. A two-step approach combining the Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fibrosis Score (NFS) and Fibrosis-4 Index (FIB-4) with the liver stiffness measurement (LSM) for the risk stratification was used. Univariate analysis was performed to identify significant parameters. Logistic regression models were then run on the significant features. Diagnostic performance was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Results

In total, 33 (62%) subjects had a low risk and 20 (38%) subjects had an intermediate-to-high risk of advanced fibrosis. The following significantly different parameters with the best performance were diff-entropy, entropy, and diff-variance, with AUROC 0.837 (95% CI 0.73–0.95), 0.821 (95% CI 0.71–0.94), and 0.807 (95% CI 0.69–0.93). The optimal combination of median, 5th percentile, and diff-entropy as a multivariate model improved the diagnostic performance to diagnose an intermediate-to-high risk of advanced fibrosis with AUROC 0.902(95% CI 0.79–0.97).

Conclusions

Parameters obtained by histogram and texture analysis of T1 maps may be a noninvasive analytical approach for stratifying the risk of advanced fibrosis in NAFLD.

Key Points

• Variable flip angle (VFA) T1 mapping can be used to acquire 3D T1 maps within a clinically acceptable duration.

• Whole-liver histogram and texture parameters on T1 maps in patients with NAFLD can distinguish those with an intermediate-to-high risk of advanced fibrosis.

• The multivariate model of combination of texture parameters improved the diagnostic performance for a high risk of advanced fibrosis and clinical parameters offer no added value to the multivariate model.
Interobserver reliability of the Tile classification system for pelvic fractures among radiologists and surgeons
Authors: Zingg Tobias , Uldry Emilie , Omoumi Patrick , Clerc Daniel , Monier Arnaud , Pache Basile , Moshebah Mohammed , Butti Fabio , Becce Fabio
Published: September 2020

Objectives

To assess the interobserver reliability (IOR) of the Tile classification system, and its potential influence on outcomes, for the interpretation of CT images of pelvic fractures by radiologists and surgeons.

Methods

Retrospective data (1/2008–12/2016) from 238 patients with pelvic fractures were analyzed. Mean patient age was 44 years (SD 20); 66% were male. There were 54 Tile A, 82 Tile B, and 102 Tile C type injuries. The 30-day mortality rate was 15% (36/238). Six observers, three radiologists, and three surgeons with different levels of experience (attending/resident/intern) classified each fracture into one of the 26 second-order subcategories of the Tile classification. Weighted kappa coefficients were used to assess the IORs for the three main categories and nine first-order subcategories.

Results

The overall IORs of the Tile system for the main categories and first-order subcategories were moderate (kappa = 0.44) and fair (kappa = 0.31), respectively. IOR was fair to moderate among radiologists, but only fair among surgeons. By level of training, IOR was moderate between attendings and between residents, whereas it was only fair between interns. IOR was moderate to substantial (kappa = 0.56–0.70) between the radiology attending and resident. Association of the Tile fracture type with 30-day mortality was present based on two out of six observer ratings.

Conclusions

The overall IOR of the Tile classification system is only fair to moderate, increases with the level of rater experience and is better among radiologists than surgeons. In the light of these findings, results from studies using this classification system must be interpreted cautiously.

Key Points

•The overall interobserver reliability of the Tile pelvic fracture classification is only fair to moderate.

•Interobserver reliability increases with observer experience and radiologists have higher kappa coefficients than surgeons.

•Interobserver reliability has an impact on the association of the Tile classification system with mortality in two out of six cases.
C4F8 plasma treatment for the modification of the focal length of liquid-based plano-convex lenses on different substrates
Authors: Gerhard Christoph , Mielke Gerrit , Tasche Daniel
Published: September 2020

In this contribution, we present a plasma-based approach for modifying the focal length of plano-convex lenses realised by the deposition of droplets made of optical cement. For this purpose, PMMA and soda-lime glass substrates were treated with a direct dielectric barrier discharge plasma at low pressure. To obtain plasma-induced changes in surface energy of the substrates by the formation of functional groups, octafluorocyclobutane (C4F8) was used as process gas. Such treatment lead to a notable decrease in surface energy and especially its polar fraction, which is attributed to the generation of fluorocarbon compounds such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as also confirmed by FTIR spectroscopic measurements. It is shown that this effect has a considerable impact on the contact angle and radius of curvature, respectively, of the deposited cement droplets where differences by a factor of about two were obtained. After curing of the cement, front focal lengths in the range from approx. 5 to 13 mm were realised depending on the duration of the plasma pre-treatment. The cement lenses finally feature dimensions in the range of some millimetres.
Fake gunshot wounds in the skull—post-mortem artifact caused by steel probe during police search for a missing body
Authors: Kaliszan Michał , Dalewski Wojciech , Dawidowska Joanna , Gos Tomasz , Jankowski Zbigniew
Published: September 2020

The paper presents a case of a forensic autopsy of a young woman who was murdered and her dismembered body was hidden in soil and water. In the skull of the deceased, in the temporal and occipital regions, the autopsy revealed 3 round, almost identical holes, which looked like small caliber gunshot wounds. Doubts about the cause of these injuries were raised by the fact that despite the decomposition of the body, the continuity of the dura at the site of these holes remained undamaged and the absence of any trace of a bullet’s wound track in the brain, the absence of a foreign body in the cranial cavity, as well as the absence of wounds on the opposite side of the skull that could be exit wounds. A thorough analysis of the investigation and the activities carried out during the search for the missing body allowed to adopt and finally confirm the hypothesis that the above mentioned skull damage occurred during the search for the cut-off head of the deceased in shallow water by means of special tapered conical steel probes used by the rescue/search teams. Due to the structure of such a spike, i.e., a sharp end and then a wide cone, only a superficial puncture of the steel probe tip three times into the skull had taken place, which caused regular, rounded bone damage without damaging the dura and brain. The presented case indicates that sometimes post-mortem artifacts may suggest a completely different origin of wounds, which emphasizes the need for a comprehensive analysis of all possible causes of their occurrence, particularly data concerning the handling of the corpse before it is delivered to the morgue, so as not to make a diagnostic error during autopsy.
A systematic review of neuropsychiatric and cognitive assessments used in clinical trials for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Beswick Emily , Park Emily , Wong Charis , Mehta Arpan R. , Dakin Rachel , Chandran Siddharthan , Newton Judith , Carson Alan , Abrahams Sharon , Pal Suvankar
Published: September 2020

Background

Up to 50% of people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) experience cognitive dysfunction, whilst depression and anxiety are reported in up to 44% and 33%, respectively. These symptoms impact on quality of life, and are associated with a poorer prognosis. Historically, outcomes in clinical trials have focused on the effect of candidate drugs on physical functioning.

Methods

We reviewed the past 25 years of clinical trials of investigative medicinal products in people with ALS, since the licensing of riluzole, and extracted data on frequency and type of assessment for neuropsychiatric symptoms and cognitive impairment. Trial registry databases, including WHO International Trials Registry, European Clinical Trials Register, clinicaltrials.gov, and PubMed, were systematically searched for Phase II, III or IV trials registered, completed or published between 01/01/1994 and 31/10/2019. No language restrictions were applied. Outcome measures, exclusion criteria and assessment tool used were extracted.

Results

216 trials, investigating 26,326 people with ALS, were reviewed. 35% assessed neuropsychiatric symptoms, and 22% assessed cognition, as Exclusion Criteria or Outcome Measures. 3% (n = 6) of trials assessed neuropsychiatric symptoms as a Secondary Outcome Measure, and 4% (n = 8) assessed cognition as Outcome Measures; only one trial included assessments for both cognition and neuropsychiatric symptoms as Outcome Measures. Three ALS-specific assessments were used in six trials.

Conclusions

Trials for people with ALS have neglected the importance of neuropsychiatric symptoms and cognitive impairment. Evaluation of these extra-motor features is essential to understanding the impact of candidate drugs on all symptoms of ALS.

PROPSERO registration

CRD42020175612.
The moderating role of psychosocial working conditions on the long-term relationship between depressive symptoms and work ability among employees from the Baby Boom generation
Authors: Weber Jeannette , Hasselhorn Hans Martin , Borchart Daniela , Angerer Peter , Müller Andreas
Published: September 2020

Objective

Mental disorders have been identified as a leading cause for reduced work ability in industrialized countries. Identification of workplace factors that can increase the work ability of employees with depressive symptoms from the Baby Boom generation is, therefore, highly relevant. This study thus aims to investigate whether changes in psychosocial working conditions can moderate the negative association between depressive symptoms and work ability.

Methods

Two waves with a 3-year time lag of the German lidA cohort study with 3609 participants born in 1959 and 1965 (aged 46 and 52 years at first wave) were analyzed. Self-report data about depressive symptoms at baseline and changes of working conditions from baseline to follow-up were used to calculate main and interaction effects on perceived work ability at follow-up. These analyses were controlled for baseline work ability and working conditions.

Results

Depressive symptoms were predictive for an unfavorable course of work ability from baseline to follow-up (B = − 0.173, 95% CI = − 0.219 to − 0.128). However, no interaction effect between depressive symptoms and psychosocial working conditions was found. Instead, independent from the level of depressive symptoms, a decrease in quantitative demands (B = − 0.279, 95% CI = − 0.326 to − 0.232) and increases in leadership quality (B = 0.242, 95% CI = 0.192–0.292) and development opportunities (B = 0.177, 95% CI = 0.127–0.277) were related to a more favorable course of work ability. Only small effects were found for social support (B = 0.057, 95% CI = 0.008–0.106) and job control (B = 0.043, 95% CI = − 0.005–0.091).

Conclusions

The results indicate that the lagged and negative effect of depressive symptoms on work ability was not moderated by changes in psychosocial working conditions. However, the promotion of favorable working conditions may contribute to a positive development of work ability among employees from the Baby Boom generation independently from the level of depressive symptoms.
Assessing organic material on single-use vessel sealing devices: a comparative study of reprocessed and new LigaSure™ devices
Authors: Chivukula Swathi Ramesh , Lammers Steven , Wagner Jennifer
Published: September 2020

Background

Reprocessed devices must be thoroughly cleaned prior to sterilization to ensure efficacy of sterilization agents. Many single-use devices are not designed to be thoroughly cleaned. Interlocking design features inherent to LigaSure™ vessel sealing devices may prevent thorough cleaning and promote accumulation of human tissue that cannot be removed. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare industry reprocessed and new LigaSure™ vessel sealing devices for organic material.

Methods

A total of 168, 84 new and 84 reprocessed, vessel sealing devices were disassembled and inspected for the presence of residual organic matter using visual, microscopic, and chemical analysis. Devices were randomized and test conductors blinded to group membership. Devices were aseptically disassembled and sent through visual inspection. Next, devices were either examined using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) or exposed to a solution that luminesces in the presence of hemoglobin. Additionally, 165 reprocessed devices were sent to a 3rd party lab for sterility testing via direct immersion culture for 14 days.

Results

Significant amounts of remnant organic material (C, N, O, S, Na, P) were observed with 81/84 reprocessed and 0/84 new devices failing inspection protocols. When tested for the presence of hemoglobin, only 1/12 reprocessed devices passed inspection. SEM of reprocessed devices revealed residues with liquid patterns and diffuse soiling with foreign material. Sterility testing of reprocessed devices revealed a sterility level < 6–3.

Conclusions

The abundance of material resembling human tissue observed on reprocessed VSDs suggests inadequate cleaning prior to sterilization. Atomic and morphological analyses of the remnant materials suggest that bacterial biofilms could also be present. Additionally, surface degradation and release of reinforcing glass fibers from the device were observed. Devices designed for single use can harbor significant amounts of remnant material that likely interfere with the sterilization process.
Refinement of the Maxwell formula for composite reinforced by circular cross-section fibers. Part I: using the Schwarz alternating method
Authors: Andrianov Igor I. , Awrejcewicz Jan , Starushenko Galina A. , Gabrinets Vladimir A.
Published: September 2020

The effective properties of the fiber-reinforced composite materials with fibers of circular cross section are investigated. The novel estimation for the effective coefficient of thermal conductivity refining the classical Maxwell formula is derived. The method of asymptotic homogenization is used. For analytical solution of the periodically repeated cell problem, the Schwarz alternating process is employed. The principal term of the refined formula coincides with the classical Maxwell formula. On the other hand, the refined formula can be used far beyond the area of applicability of the Maxwell formula. It can be used for dilute and non-dilute composites. It is confirmed by comparison with known numerical and asymptotic results.
Development and internal validation of prediction models for persistence of self-reported orofacial pain in the follow-up of patients with myofascial pain
Authors: Su Naichuan , Lobbezoo Frank , van Selms Maurits K. A. , van der Heijden Geert J. M. G.
Published: September 2020

Objectives

To identify predictors in patient profiles, and to develop, internally validate, and calibrate prediction models for the persistence of self-reported orofacial pain at the 6-month and 12-month follow-up in patients with myofascial pain.

Materials and methods

A cohort of 63 adult patients with moderate to severe chronic myofascial pain was included. Patient and disease characteristics at baseline were recorded as potential predictors. Patients` presence or absence of improvement of orofacial pain at follow-up was considered the outcome. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to develop the models. The performance and clinical values of the models were determined.

Results

Forty-three percent and 30% of the patients had persistence of orofacial pain at 6-month and 12-month follow-up, respectively. Pain elsewhere, depression, parafunctional activities, and mandibular function impairment (MFI) were significantly associated with persistence of the pain at 6-month follow-up, whereas depression, parafunctional activities, and MFI were significantly associated with persistence of the pain at 12-month follow-up. Both of the models showed good calibration and discrimination, with shrunken area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.73 and 0.76, respectively. The clinical added predictive values for ruling in the risk of the persistence were 0.30 and 0.31, respectively, and those for ruling it out were 0.25 and 0.20, respectively.

Conclusions

Potential predictors for prediction of the persistence of self-reported orofacial pain at follow-up were identified. The calibration, discrimination, and clinical values of the models were acceptable.

Clinical relevance

The models may assist clinicians in decision-making regarding the improvement of orofacial pain of individual patients during follow-up in clinical settings.
Estimates of wind power and radiative near-inertial internal wave flux
Authors: Voelker Georg S. , Olbers Dirk , Walter Maren , Mertens Christian , Myers Paul G.
Published: September 2020

Energy transfer mechanisms between the atmosphere and the deep ocean have been studied for many years. Their importance to the ocean’s energy balance and possible implications on mixing are widely accepted. The slab model by Pollard (Deep-Sea Res Oceanogr Abstr 17(4):795–812, 1970) is a well-established simulation of near-inertial motion and energy inferred through wind-ocean interaction. Such a model is set up with hourly wind forcing from the NCEP-CFSR reanalysis that allows computations up to high latitudes without loss of resonance. Augmenting the one-dimensional model with the horizontal divergence of the near-inertial current field leads to direct estimates of energy transfer spectra of internal wave radiation from the mixed layer base into the ocean interior. Calculations using this hybrid model are carried out for the North Atlantic during the years 1989 and 1996, which are associated with positive and negative North Atlantic Oscillation index, respectively. Results indicate a range of meridional regimes with distinct energy transfer ratios. These are interpreted in terms of the mixed layer depth, the buoyancy frequency at the mixed layer base, and the wind field structure. The average ratio of radiated energy fluxes from the mixed layer to near-inertial wind power for both years is approximately 12%. The dependence on the wind structure is supported by simulations of idealized wind stress fronts with variable width and translation speeds.
A component-level methodology to evaluate the seismic repair costs of infills and services for Italian RC buildings
Authors: De Risi Maria Teresa , Del Gaudio Carlo , Verderame Gerardo Mario
Published: September 2020

The reliable estimation of seismic losses due to damage to buildings is paramount for the post-emergency management and the planning of recovery activities. For residential reinforced concrete (RC) infilled buildings, a significant role in the computation of seismic loss is played by non-structural components, above all infills, partitions and services, as shown in past earthquakes. In this work, a component-based methodology is proposed to assess seismic losses for residential RC buildings in Mediterranean region. The attention is focused on the repairing activities for masonry infills (typical enclosure or partitions elements in Italian and Mediterranean RC buildings), and for services (plumbing systems, electric equipment, floor/wall tiles…), commonly enclosed within the infill panels for the considered building typology. The described methodology can be used starting from the expected damage level to infills and partitions. It adopts given repair unit costs at different damage states of infills. The loss estimation methodology has been, first, validated by comparing predicted and actual repair costs for specific case-study buildings damaged by L’Aquila (Italy) 2009 earthquake. Then, the methodology has been applied to a wide dataset of RC buildings (about 2500 residential buildings) damaged by L’Aquila earthquake available from the literature, to show its possible application at a large-scale level. A good agreement between observed and predicted costs is obtained both for specific case-study buildings and for the wider building stock, especially when damage to structural components is very limited.
Correction to: Strengthening the Power of Evidence-Based Prevention in Cooperative Extension: A Capacity-Building Framework for Translation Science-Driven Behavioral Health
Authors: Spoth Richard , Franz Nancy , Brennan Alison
Published: September 2020

The article “Strengthening the Power of Evidence-Based Prevention in Cooperative Extension: A Capacity-Building Framework for Translation Science-Driven Behavioral Health”, written by Richard Spoth, Nancy Franz, Alison Brennan, was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal on 18 July 2020 without open access.
Psychological Analysis of Religious Experience: The Construction of the Intensity of Religious Experience Scale (IRES)
Authors: Głaz Stanisław
Published: September 2020

The aim of this article is to present the issues of religious experience, and the associated experience of God’s presence and God’s absence, and then its operationalization, as well as to construct the Intensity of Religious Experience Scale, IRES (Skala Intensywności Doświadczenia Religijnego, SIDR). The value of psychometric tool, the reliability and validity, were assessed. The study was conducted in three steps. Study 1 concerned the generalization of statements related to conception of Catholic religious experience; i.e., the subjective feeling whether one experiences God’s presence and God’s absence, and how such beliefs affect certain aspects of a person’s life. Study 2 was carried out on the sample of 217 people and was designed to perform Exploratory Factor Analysis and to assess three-week test–retest reliability of the IRES. Study 3 was based on the sample of 368 people and was aimed to perform Confirmatory Factor Analysis and concurrent validation of the IRES. The analysis of the religious experience showed that this kind of human experience has its own structure. The explication of the subject has confirmed the existence of two positive factors of religious experience; i.e., a subjective sense of experience of God’s presence and God’s absence that can influence on life of people living in the Catholic religion environment.
Machine learning, artificial neural networks and social research
Authors: Di Franco Giovanni , Santurro Michele
Published: September 2020

Machine learning (ML), and particularly algorithms based on artificial neural networks (ANNs), constitute a field of research lying at the intersection of different disciplines such as mathematics, statistics, computer science and neuroscience. This approach is characterized by the use of algorithms to extract knowledge from large and heterogeneous data sets. In addition to offering a brief introduction to ANN algorithms-based ML, in this paper we will focus our attention on its possible applications in the social sciences and, in particular, on its potential in the data analysis procedures. In this regard, we will provide three examples of applications on sociological data to assess the impact of ML in the study of relationships between variables. Finally, we will compare the potential of ML with traditional data analysis models.
European disaster management in response to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wankmüller Christian
Published: September 2020

Top priority of governments in containing the COVID-19 pandemic is “flattening the curve” which implies a slowing down of the virus’ spread across the entire population. The situation which European policymakers are facing at the moment is completely new and only few of them have the required experience to handle a disaster of such magnitude. What is important now is to avoid problems that repeatedly occurred in past disaster responses by learning the lessons and acting accordingly. This paper reflects on European disaster management in containing the spread of COVID-19 and uncovers response inefficiencies that are still present.
Evaluation of Cynara cardunculus L. and municipal solid waste compost for aided phytoremediation of multi potentially toxic element–contaminated soils
Authors: Garau Matteo , Castaldi Paola , Patteri Giacomo , Roggero Pier Paolo , Garau Giovanni
Published: September 2020

The suitability for aided phytoremediation ofCynara cardunculusL. var.altilisand municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) applied at 2% and 4 % rates was evaluated in a multi potentially toxic element (PTE)-contaminated mining soil (Pb ~ 15,383 mg kg−1, Zn ~ 4076 mg kg−1, As ~ 49 mg kg−1, Cd ~ 67 mg kg−1, Cu ~ 181 mg kg−1, and Sb ~ 109 mg kg−1). The growth ofC. cardunculussignificantly increased with compost amendment and followed the order: MSWC-4% > MSWC-2% > Control. PTE concentrations in the roots of plants grown on amended soils decreased compared with control plants (i.e., less than ~ 82, 94, and 88% for Pb, Zn, and Cd respectively). PTE translocation from roots to shoots depended on both PTE and amendment rate but values were generally low (i.e., < 1). However, PTE mineralomasses were always higher for plants grown on MSWC-amended soils because of their higher biomass production, which favored an overall PTE bioaccumulation in roots and shoots. After plant growth, labile As and Sb increased in amended soils, while labile Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd significantly decreased. Likewise, dehydrogenase and urease activities increased significantly in planted soils amended with MSWC. Also, the potential metabolic activity and the catabolic versatility of soil microbial communities significantly increased in planted soils amended with MSWC. Overall, our results indicate thatC. cardunculusand MSWC can be effective resources for the aided phytoremediation of multi PTE-contaminated soils.
Prosthetic replacement of the radial head
Authors: Wegmann Kilian , Ott Nadine , Leschinger Tim F. , Harbrecht Andreas , Müller Lars P. , Hackl Michael
Published: September 2020

Background

Radial head replacement is an established option in patients with comminuted radial head fractures and complex elbow trauma. While studies demonstrated that asymptomatic radiolucencies around the stem are common, the incidence and clinical significance of bone loss at the proximal part of the radius, just distal to the neck of the prosthesis (collar resorption), is unknown.

Objectives

The aim of this retrospective study was to analyse the incidence of collar resorption after radial head replacement and investigate whether this correlates with specific patient characteristics such as gender, age, indication for index surgery and the size of implant used.

Materials and methods

The study group consisted of 30 patients (average age 60.1 years) having undergone prosthetic replacement with a monopolar press-fit implant of the radial head at an average follow-up of 23 months. Indications for surgery included trauma sequelae or revision in 16 patients and acute, unreconstructable fractures of the radial head in 14 cases. Symptoms of loosening and revision surgery were recorded. Radiographs were analysed for signs of lucency between the bone and the implant as well as for signs of resorption of bone mass around the neck (section 1). These values were correlated with age, gender, indication for index surgery and size of implant.

Results

In all, 28/30 (93.3%) prostheses showed proximal osteolysis around the neck of the shaft. Of the 30, one prosthesis presented signs of shaft loosening. The average amount of osteolysis was 8.78% (range 0–26.1%; ±6.0%) of the overall length of the prosthetic shaft (OL). There was no significant difference (p = 0.49) between the amount of resorption in section 1 between the primary fracture cases (8.75 ± 4.5%; range 1.2–15.8%) and the group of secondary implantations due to degeneration or fracture sequelae (8.8 ± 7.2%; range 0–26.1%). Furthermore, the analysis did not reveal any statistically relevant correlations between the amount of neck resorption and the other cohort characteristics (age, gender, size of the components).

Conclusions

In the study cohort, a high amount of osteolysis/bone resorption was assessed around the neck of the press-fit radial head prosthesis used. However, no significant correlation between collar resorption, patient demographics and indication for index surgery was found at short-term follow-up.
Learning Outcomes of Diverse Oncology Professionals After the TEAM Cultural Competency Training
Authors: Pratt-Chapman Mandi L.
Published: September 2020

Racial, ethnic, sexual, and gender minorities are more likely to report challenges with oncology provider communication and quality of care. The Together-Equitable-Accessible-Meaningful (TEAM) training was developed to improve health equity across cancer care organizations by guiding teams of interprofessional learners through planning and implementation of quality improvements to advance equitable, accessible, and patient-centered cancer care. This study compared changes to self-reported cultural competence as measured by the Cultural Competency Assessment (CCA); Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Development of Clinical Skills Scale (LGBT-DOCSS); and Interprofessional Socialization and Valuing Scale (ISVS). The primary aim of the study was to assess changes to self-reported cultural competence; the secondary aim was to examine changes to interprofessional valuation from baseline to post-intervention. Results indicated statistically significant improvements in self-reported Cultural Competency Behaviors (p = .055), a subscale of the CCA, and Attitudinal Awareness toward sexual and gender minorities (p = .046), a subscale of the LGBT-DOCSS, using p < .10 as statistically significant. These subscale results drove statistically significant improvements for their respective composite scales. No other statistically significant results were found. This study suggests that cultural competency training among interprofessional oncology health care professionals can be effective. Given the growing diversity within the USA, additional opportunities for cultural competency training are needed.
Adsorption of Bisphenol A from Aqueous Solution by HDTMA-Tunisian Clay Synthesized Under Microwave Irradiation: A Parametric and Thermodynamic Study
Authors: Issaoui Oumaya , Amor Hedi Ben , Ismail Mohamed , Pirault-Roy Laurence , Jeday Mohamed Razak
Published: September 2020

Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disrupting compound, is of concern because of its wide presence throughout the environment and its harmful effects. The present study aimed to prepare an eco-friendly, low-cost, and efficient adsorbent for removal of BPA from wastewater. A natural Tunisian clay was used as a raw material. First, the clay was purified and then modified with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA) using microwave heating. The optimal conditions for clay modification were as follows: activation ratio = 0.3:(g/g), solid/liquid ratio = 5%, and microwave heating condition (2:min, 100:W). The purified and modified clays, abbreviated as HP and HMH, respectively, were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and nitrogen adsorption/desorption analysis (BET). Adsorption tests were conducted in a batch reactor process under various conditions. The tests showed that the BET specific surface area of HMH is considerably smaller than that of HP, whereas the basal spacing increased from 14.99 to 22.07 Å after modification, indicating the success of HP organophilization. The adsorption of BPA onto HMH was not affected by the pH of solution between 2 and 10 and only slightly by temperature variation from 23 to 50°C, but was affected significantly by the initial concentration of BPA, contact time, and organo-clay dose. At equilibrium, the data obtained were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich models. The best fit was obtained by the Langmuir model with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 217.39 mg/g at 23°C. The thermodynamic study suggested that the removal of BPA by HMH was spontaneous (ΔG < 0), exothermic (ΔH < 0), and favorable. The present study demonstrated that HMH synthesized from an abundant and cheap natural clay could be used successfully as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of BPA from wastewater.
Osteopontin Regulates Endometrial Stromal Cell Migration in Endometriosis through the PI3K Pathway
Authors: Fu Xiaoxia , Yao Mengyun , Ye Chaoshuang , Fang Tao , Wu Ruijin
Published: September 2020

Endometriosis is generally characterized as a tumor-like disease because of its potential for distant metastasis and local tissue invasion, while whether osteopontin (OPN) plays a role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis has not been thoroughly investigated. We investigated the expression of OPN, urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), and phospho-PI3 kinase (p-PI3K) in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). The serum concentration of OPN was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). OPN was downregulated to explore the corresponding change of uPA, p-PI3K, F-actin, and α-tubulin. The expression of OPN, uPA, PI3K, and p-PI3K was evaluated by western blot and quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and the expression of F-actin and α-tubulin was confirmed by immunofluorescence assay. The proliferation and migration abilities of ESCs were investigated by CCK8, transwell, and wound scratch assays. Endometrial OPN, p-PI3K, and uPA expressions and serum OPN levels were increased in patients with endometriosis compared with the control. The expressions of p-PI3K, uPA, and α-tubulin were decreased by siRNA-OPN interference in ectopic ESCs. Activation and inhibition of the PI3K pathway apparently upregulate and downregulate uPA expression. Knockdown of OPN and inhibition of the PI3K pathway remarkably inhibited cell migration in ectopic ESCs. Meanwhile, activation of the PI3K pathway promoted the migration ability of ectopic ESCs. OPN may regulate the expression of uPA through the PI3K signal pathway to affect the migration ability of ESCs, indicating that OPN, uPA, and the PI3K pathway may be potential targets for interrupting development of endometriosis.