bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pediatric index of mortality 2 scores in pediatric intensive care unit patients
Authors: Sampurna Monica , Suparyatha Ida Bagus , Widiana I Gede Raka
Published: July 2016

Background Comprehensive care for critically ill children in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) is done with the aim of achieving good outcomes. Severe disease in children is characterized by disruption of homeostatic processes, and can be evaluated by mortality scoring methods. There are several mortality scoring methods which can be used to predict mortality in children, the pediatric risk of mortality (PRISM) and pediatric index of mortality (PIM) are the most preferably used among all. The pediatric index of mortality 2(PIM2) is a key mortality prediction model for children receiving treatment in intensive care units, but its use has not been well validated in Indonesia.Objective To evaluate the performance of PIM2 model in PICU patients.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on PICU patients at Sanglah Hospital from November 2012 to April 2013. Patients underwent PIM2 scoring during their admission. The predictive ability of PIM2 scoring for patient mortality was analyzed using ROC curve.Results A total of 54 patients were included in this study, of whom 8 (14.8%) died. Discrimination between survival and death was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and found to be 0.81 (95% CI 0.59 to 1.03). Sensitivity was 75 (95%CI 36 to 96)% and specificity was 98 (95%CI 87 to 99)%. The PIM2 cut off value was ≥ -0.99.Conclusion The PIM 2 model has a good discriminatory power and calibration for predicting the mortality of children admitted to PICU and therefore is recommended for routine use in clinical practice. [
Serum interleukin-6 and mean platelet volume in pediatric pneumonia
Authors: Lilisari Melisa , Nataprawira Heda Melinda , Gurnida Dida Akhmad
Published: July 2016

Background In pneumonia, interleukin (IL)-6 is released in response to inflammation. Interleukin-6 stimulates megakaryocyte maturation, leading to larger platelets being released into the circulation. Platelet size is measured as mean platelet volume (MPV). The MPV may also be affected by nutritional status and smoking.Objective To assess for a possible relationship between serum IL-6 concentration and MPV, including smoking and nutritional status as confounding factors, in children with pneumonia.Methods An analytic, observational study with cross-sectional design and consecutive sampling of children aged 2 to 59 months with a clinical diagnosis of pneumonia was conducted from November 2013 to March 2014 in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital and two network hospitals. All patients underwent routine complete blood counts including MPV and measurement of serum IL-6 concentration using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Regression linear analysis was used to assess the relationship between MPV and IL-6, passive smoking, and nutritional status.Results There were 67 patients enrolled in the study. Subjects’ mean serum IL-6 concentration was 49.3 (SD 78.3) pg/mL, and mean MPV was 9.2 (SD 0.9) fL. The regression model for MPV was 7.531 + 0.662 (passive smoking) + 0.276 (weight per age) + 0.009 (IL-6).Conclusion There was a relationship between IL-6 serum concentration and MPV in children with pneumonia.
A three-dimensional co-culture system to investigate macrophage-dependent tumor cell invasion
Authors: R. Dwyer Amy , G. Ellies Lesley , L. Holme Andrea , J. Pixley Fiona
Published: July 2016

Macrophages infiltrate cancers and promote progression to invasion and metastasis. To directly examine tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and tumor cells interacting and co-migrating in a three-dimensional (3D) environment, we have developed a co-culture model that uses a PyVmT mouse mammary tumor-derived cell line and mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM). The Py8119 cell line was cloned from a spontaneous mammary tumor in a Tg(MMTV:LTR-PyVmT) C57Bl/6 mouse and these cells form 3-dimensional (3D) spheroids under conditions of low adhesion. Co-cultured BMM infiltrate the Py8119 mammospheres and embedding of the infiltrated mammospheres in Matrigel leads to subsequent invasion of both cell types into the surrounding matrix. This physiologically relevant co-culture model enables examination of two critical steps in the promotion of invasion and metastasis by BMM: 1) macrophage infiltration into the mammosphere and, 2) subsequent invasion of macrophages and tumor cells into the matrix. Our methodology allows for quantification of BMM infiltration rates into Py8119 mammospheres and demonstrates that subsequent tumor cell invasion is dependent upon the presence of infiltrated macrophages. This method is also effective for screening macrophage motility inhibitors. Thus, we have developed a robust 3D in vitro co-culture assay that demonstrates a central role for macrophage motility in the promotion of tumor cell invasion.
Educação do campo: Aproximações conceituais e evolução histórica no Brasil
Authors: Silva Giuliano Alves Borges e , Passador João Luiz
Published: July 2016

Entre os estudos acadêmicos é comum a distinção de “educação rural” para “educação do campo”, em uma perspectiva de que a prática emancipatória da educação deve ser fundamentada na problematização do indivíduo em suas relações com o mundo. Sendo assim, temos como objetivo: elencar diferenças e aproximações, através de revisão em literatura acadêmica, entre graus de ruralidade, fora da cidade, rural, remoto e campo, e; analisar as políticas públicas de educação do campo em três períodos históricos, por meio de revisão literária e documental – focada em normas – com apresentação de um quadro de comparações históricas.  Concluímos que os movimentos sociais tiveram ampla participação no aprofundamento de conceitos da educação do campo e que tal força impulsionou conquistas normativas, porém os desafios na qualidade e na manutenção das principais conquistas permanecem.
A new method of social marketing: Community based social marketing
Yeni bir sosyal pazarlama yöntemi: “Toplumsal tabanlı sosyal pazarlama”
Authors: Çelik Sabahattin
Published: July 2016

Especially in developed and developing countries, social marketing practises is used which is an innovative approach for the problems that require social change. Community based social marketing as a new method of social merketing, can be defined as making analysis and planning, implementing and the assessment of the programmes which are all designed to affect the behaviors of the target group to be made voluntarily in order to increase the welfare of the community of the individuals and the community that they exist in. “Community based social marketing” approach aims to create a positive behavior by starting up the behavioral change tools and eliminating the barriers in front of the target groups in order to have a positive attitude for a sustainable future. Community based social marketing tools and techniques provide provides a very important event that organize the behavior change, regardless of collecting knowledge in the area of conventional commercial marketing.The main purpose of the article within the framework of this information is to explain what ‘community based social marketing’ is and show how effective it is on the positive behavior change of the communities.For this purpose, a detailed literature review has been conducted and relevant concepts and examples have been examined. ÖzetÖzellikle gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde sosyal değişim gerektiren problemler için yenilikçi bir yaklaşım olan sosyal pazarlama uygulamaları kullanılmaktadır. Yeni bir sosyal pazarlama yöntemi olan “Toplumsal Tabanlı Sosyal Pazarlama” ise bireylerin ve içinde bulundukları toplumun refahını arttırmak için, hedef kitlenin gönüllü olarak yapacakları davranışları etkilemek üzere tasarlanan programların analizi, planlanması, uygulanması ve değerlendirilmesi için pazarlama teknolojilerine başvurulması olarak tanımlanabilir. “Toplumsal Tabanlı Sosyal Pazarlama” (TTSP) yaklaşımı, sürdürülebilir bir gelecek adına olumlu davranışta bulunmaları için, hedef kitlelerin önündeki engellerin kaldırılması ve davranış değişim araçlarının çalıştırılarak pozitif davranışın oluşturulmasına ilişkin amaca hizmet etmektedir. TTSP araç ve teknikleriyle, sadece geleneksel ticari pazarlama alanındaki bilgi toplama ortamlarına bağlı kalmaksızın, davranış değişikliğini organize edecek çok önemli program etkinliği sağlar.Bu bilgiler çerçevesinde makale çalışmasının temel amacı; yeni bir sosyal pazarlama yöntemi olan TTSP’nin ne olduğu ve özellikle sosyal pazarlama uygulamalarının topluluklar üzerinde pozitif davranış değişikliği konusundaki etkisinin nasıl olduğudur. Bu amaçla detaylı bir literatür taraması yapılmış, konuyla ilgili kavramlar ve örnekler incelenmiştir
THERAPY OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Improvement of cardiovascular risk factors after adrenalectomy in patients with adrenal tumors and subclinical Cushing’s syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bancos Irina , Alahdab Fares , Crowley Rachel K , Chortis Vasileios , Delivanis Danae A , Erickson Dana , Natt Neena , Terzolo Massimo , Arlt Wiebke , Young William F , Murad M Hassan
Published: July 2016

Objective

Beneficial effects of adrenalectomy on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with subclinical Cushing’s syndrome (SCS) are uncertain. We sought to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis with the following objectives: (i) determine the effect of adrenalectomy compared with conservative management on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with SCS and (ii) compare the effect of adrenalectomy on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with SCS vs those with a nonfunctioning (NF) adrenal tumor.

Methods

MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial were searched on 17 November 2015. Reviewers extracted data and assessed methodological quality in duplicate.

Results

We included 26 studies reporting on 584 patients with SCS and 457 patients with NF adrenal tumors. Studies used different definitions of SCS. Patients with SCS undergoing adrenalectomy demonstrated an overall improvement in cardiovascular risk factors (61% for hypertension, 52% for diabetes mellitus, 45% for obesity and 24% for dyslipidemia). When compared with conservative management, patients with SCS undergoing adrenalectomy experienced improvement in hypertension (RR 11, 95% CI: 4.3–27.8) and diabetes mellitus (RR 3.9, 95% CI: 1.5–9.9), but not dyslipidemia (RR 2.6, 95% CI: 0.97–7.2) or obesity (RR 3.4, 95% CI: 0.95–12). Patients with NF adrenal tumors experienced improvement in hypertension (21/54 patients); however, insufficient data exist for comparison to patients with SCS.

Conclusions

Available low-to-moderate-quality evidence from heterogeneous studies suggests a beneficial effect of adrenalectomy on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with SCS overall and compared with conservative management.
Exogenous retroelement integration in sperm and embryos affects preimplantation development
Authors: Kitsou C , Lazaros L , Bellou S , Vartholomatos G , Sakaloglou P , Hatzi E , Markoula S , Zikopoulos K , Tzavaras T , Georgiou I
Published: July 2016

Retroelement transcripts are present in male and female gametes, where they are typically regulated by methylation, noncoding RNAs and transcription factors. Such transcripts are required for occurrence of retrotransposition events, while failure of retrotransposition control may exert negative effects on cellular function and proliferation. In order to investigate the occurrence of retrotransposition events in mouse epididymal spermatozoa and to address the impact of uncontrolled retroelement RNA expression in early preimplantation embryos, we performed in vitro fertilization experiments using spermatozoa preincubated with plasmid vectors containing the human retroelements LINE-1, HERVK-10 or the mouse retroelement VL30, tagged with an enhanced green fluorescence (EGFP) gene-based cassette. Retrotransposition events in mouse spermatozoa and embryos were detected using PCR, FACS analysis and confocal microscopy. Our findings show that: (i) sperm cell incorporates exogenous retroelements and favors retrotransposition events, (ii) the inhibition of spermatozoa reverse transcriptase can decrease the retrotransposition frequency in sperm cells, (iii) spermatozoa can transfer exogenous human or mouse retroelements to the oocyte during fertilization and (iv) retroelement RNA overexpression affects embryo morphology and impairs preimplantation development. These findings suggest that the integration of exogenous retroelements in the sperm genome, as well as their transfer into the mouse oocyte, could give rise to new retrotransposition events and genetic alterations in mouse spermatozoa and embryos.
Modeling dietary influences on offspring metabolic programming in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Brookheart Rita T , Duncan Jennifer G
Published: July 2016

The influence of nutrition on offspring metabolism has become a hot topic in recent years owing to the growing prevalence of maternal and childhood obesity. Studies in mammals have identified several factors correlating with parental and early offspring dietary influences on progeny health; however, the molecular mechanisms that underlie these factors remain undiscovered. Mammalian metabolic tissues and pathways are heavily conserved inDrosophila melanogaster, making the fly an invaluable genetic model organism for studying metabolism. In this review, we discuss the metabolic similarities between mammals andDrosophilaand present evidence supporting its use as an emerging model of metabolic programming.
Control of Formin Distribution and Actin Cable Assembly by the E3 Ubiquitin Ligases Dma1 and Dma2
Authors: Juanes M Angeles , Piatti Simonetta
Published: July 2016

Formins are widespread actin-polymerizing proteins that play pivotal roles in a number of processes, such as cell polarity, morphogenesis, cytokinesis, and cell migration. In agreement with their crucial function, formins are prone to a variety of regulatory mechanisms that include autoinhibition, post-translational modifications, and interaction with formin modulators. Furthermore, activation and function of formins is intimately linked to their ability to interact with membranes. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the two formins Bni1 and Bnr1 play both separate and overlapping functions in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton. In addition, they are controlled by both common and different regulatory mechanisms. Here we show that proper localization of both formins requires the redundant E3 ubiquitin ligases Dma1 and Dma2, which were previously involved in spindle positioning and septin organization. In dma1dma2 double mutants, formin distribution at polarity sites is impaired, thus causing defects in the organization of the actin cable network and hypersensitivity to the actin depolymerizer latrunculin B. Expression of a hyperactive variant of Bni1 (Bni1-V360D) rescues these defects and partially restores proper spindle positioning in the mutant, suggesting that the failure of dma1dma2 mutant cells to position the spindle is partly due to faulty formin activity. Strikingly, Dma1/2 interact physically with both formins, while their ubiquitin-ligase activity is required for formin function and polarized localization. Thus, ubiquitylation of formin or a formin interactor(s) could promote formin binding to membrane and its ability to nucleate actin. Altogether, our data highlight a novel level of formin regulation that further expands our knowledge of the complex and multilayered controls of these key cytoskeleton organizers.
Power of the Past
Authors: Jonker Joost
Published: July 2016

The Hobsbawm-Ranger framework of invented traditions is a suitable perspective from which to examine masonic traditions. Examples from early Dutch lodges show how they strove to gain primacy by anchoring their origins as far back in the past as reasonably possible. Though the formal establishment of a Dutch grand lodge in 1756 appeared to consolidate positions, the final act of this struggle for masonic pre-eminence played out as late as the 1930s.
Looking to the East
Authors: Deschamps Simon
Published: July 2016

Throughout the eighteenth century, the expansion of the Empire brought the British into closer contact with the Eastern world. The conquest of land went hand in hand with the conquest of knowledge. The East, including India, was systematically explored and revealed to Britain in the form of oriental tales, exploration accounts and scientific investigations. This phenomenon came to be known as ‘orientalism’. For freemasonry, the East had always been the symbolical direction from which light and truth were to rise. The British foothold in India and more so the constitution of the first Indian lodges, starting in 1730, came as an opportunity to explore the potential filiation of freemasonry with the early Indian civilizations. The East was thus more present than ever in the masonic collective imaginary. Where did freemasonry’s interest in Eastern cultures stem from? To what extent can it be said that freemasonry contributed to opening up the East? This article aims to explore the participation of British freemasonry to the orientalist movement of the late eighteenth century.
Gilded Age of Fraternalism
Authors: Hernandez Miguel
Published: July 2016

The growth of the American obsession with fraternalism has been the subject of several historical treatises all seeking to understand what drew men and women into the lodge. The 1920s however, are a period that is often overlooked and neglected. Fraternalism continued to be a powerful national influence during this decade, and across the country orders received a surge of new recruits in the years following the First World War. Although their lodges had plenty of applicants, many fraternal leaders were concerned about the state of their institution in this post-war era. This article aims to analyse the evolution in the fraternal market that took place in the 1920s by examining the rapidly modernizing society of the Jazz Age and discussing the changing priorities of America’s men and women.
Report of the Doctoral Students Study Day on Freemasonry and Fraternalism, UCL Institute of Archaeology, London
Authors: Pink Andrew
Published: July 2016

This report gives an overview of the fourth annual International Doctoral Students Study Day on the theme of ‘Freemasonry and Fraternalism’. Those presenting papers represent a cross-section of the doctoral experience, from those just beginning the doctoral journey to those having recently completed it. The range of material discussed demonstrates the richness and vitality of the subject: Nazi-occupied Guernsey; freemasonry under the British Raj; Italian freemasonry in Ottoman lands; music and ritual in freemasonry; the masonic tradition of the seven liberal arts.
Economic analysis of rice and common bean production in succession to green manure crops and mecahnical soil decompression in Brazilian Savannah
Authors: Nascimento Vagner do , Arf Orivaldo , Tarsitano Maria Aparecida Anselmo , Garcia Nayara Fernanda Siviero , Penteado Mariele de Souza , Sabundjian Michelle Traete
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT The previous cultivation of green manures and mechanical soil decompression are options to minimize compaction of the topsoil in no-tilage system (NTS) set in different production systems in the Brazilian Savannah. In addition, it is essential to relate these agricultural practices with the economic benefits generated through the production cycles. The objective of this study was to evaluate economically the effect of sporadic mechanical decompression of the soil and previous cultivation of green manure in the production and net gain margin of upland rice and "winter" common bean, under sprinkler irrigation, in NTS in lowland Brazilian savannah. This study was developed in the 2012/13 harvest and 2013 winter in Selvíria, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, in an clay texture Oxisol in the savanah in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, in a randomized block design arranged in a 5 x 2 factorial arrangement with four replications. The treatments were a combination of five green manures (fallow (control), Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria juncea, Pennisetum glaucum and Urochloa ruziziensis) with and without mechanical soil scarification. The yields of upland rice and common bean grains were not influenced by the previous green manure cultivation; the upland rice grown in succession to Cajanus cajan in the presence of mechanical soil scarification provided greater increase in grain yield and higher gross margin profit. Beans cultivated in succession to Crotalaria juncea and Pennisetum glaucum in the presence of mechanical soil scarification, followed by rice cultivation, provided greater increases in grain yield and gross profit margins.
Ingestive behavior of finishing sheep fed detoxified castor bean meal
Authors: Silva Daniel Cézar da , Fernandes Beatriz Dantas , Lima Jéssica Monique dos Santos , Souza Francisco Jocélio Cavalcante de , Moreira Filho Miguel Arcanjo , Alves Arnaud Azevêdo
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT Castor bean crops stand out in the Northeastern Brazil for oil production, producing coproducts with potential for animal diets. Thus, this work evaluated the effect on ingestive behavior when 0, 33, 67 and 100% of detoxified castor bean meal (DCBM) were included to substitute soy bean meal in diets for sheep. The randomized blocks design was used with five sheep in each treatment. Dry matter intake and neutral detergent fiber intake were not affected (P > .05) by the inclusion of DCBM in the diet, with means of 1362.6 and 582.98 g/animal/day, respectively. Substitution of soybean meal by DCBM did not affect (P > .05) times of rumination, idle and total chewing, with averages of 181.33, 347.04 and 366.24 minute/12 h, respectively. A quadratic effect (P < .05) was found for feeding time, with minimum of 164.56 min/12 h, when 60% of DCBM was included in the diet. A quadratic effect (P < .05) was verified for eating efficiency with maximum of 4.43 g DM/minute and 2.08 g NDF/minute. Rumination efficiency in g DM and NDF/minute were not affected (P < .05), with means of 4.31 and 1.84, respectively. The substitution of soybean meal by DCBM decreases feeding time when 60% of it was used but does not influence the intake of DM and NDF, time spent in ruminating and idle, and total chewing time. The use of 60% of DCBM increases feeding efficiency of DM and NDF, and does not compromise the efficiency of rumination.
Crescimento de mudas de Eucalyptus camaldulensis em substratos à base de casca de arroz carbonizada
Authors: Kratz Dagma , Wendling Ivar
Published: July 2016

RESUMO Com base na importância do substrato na produção de mudas florestais, objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar a viabilidade técnica de 13 substratos, preparados com misturas de substrato comercial à base de casca de pinus e vermiculita (SC), casca de arroz carbonizada com diferentes granulometrias [maior que 2 mm (CAC1), CAC com granulometria entre 1 - 2 mm (CAC2), CAC com granulometria entre 0,5 - 1 mm (CAC3), CAC com granulometria menor que 0,5 mm (CAC4)], fibra de coco (FC) e vermiculita média (VM), na produção de mudas de Eucalyptus camaldulensis, e a correlação de suas propriedades físicas e químicas com seu crescimento. Foram utilizados tubetes de 55 cm³. As mudas permaneceram 60 dias em estufa de vidro e 30 dias a pleno sol. Foram avaliadas a altura, diâmetro de colo, fitomassas secas aérea e radicial, facilidade de retirada do tubete, agregação das raízes ao substrato e relação entre altura e diâmetro de colo. Concluiu-se que o substrato formado por CAC pura, em diferentes granulometrias e em mistura com os outros componentes, é viável tecnicamente para a produção de mudas de Eucalyptus camaldulensis, embora aquele formado pela mistura de 50% de CAC e VM tenha resultado em maior crescimento das mudas. As propriedades dos substratos, densidade aparente, pH e capacidade de troca catiônica são importantes na produção de mudas, pois apresentaram correlações significativas com as variáveis biométricas.
Genotypic variation of agronomic traits as well as concentrations of Fe, Zn, P and phytate in soybean cultivars
Authors: Oliveira Nilma Portela , Faquin Valdemar , Costa Alisson Lucrécio da , Livramento Kalynka Gabriella do , Pinho Paulo Jorge de , Guilherme Luiz Roberto Guimarães
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT The staple diet of most of the world population is provided by cereal, which present levels of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) below the nutritional demand of humans. Other factors that may substantially interfere for the low intake of Fe and Zn are the anti- nutritional factors present in the edible parts of plants, such as heavy metals and phytate. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the genotypic variation in terms of yield (kg ha-1), plant height, insertion height of first pod, as well as concentrations of Fe, Zn, phosphorus (P) and the anti-nutrient phytate in grains of 24 soybean cultivars and to identify cultivars with potential for biofortification. The field experiment was conducted in Rio Verde, state of Goiás by the technological center of COMIGO. The experimental design used in the study was a randomized block design with 24 treatments and three replications. The results showed that there is genotypic variation for grain yield (kg ha-1), plant height, and insertion height of first pod, as well as for the concentrations of Zn, Fe, P and concentration of anti-nutient phytate in grains among the soybean cultivars. Non-significant or low correlations were found among the evaluated parameters except for the relationship between P and phytate (r=0.733). The diversity found among soybean cultivars offers genotypes such as 8197RR, M 7908RR and BRS 262 with potential to develop cultivars with better ability to accumulate nutrients in grains.
THE RECOVERY OF A DEGRADED MANGROVE IN CEARÁ THROUGH THE PRODUCTION OF Laguncularia racemosa (L.) C.F. Gaertn. (Combretaceae) AND Avicennia sp. Stapf ex Ridl (Acanthaceae) SEEDLINGS
Authors: Paula Amanda Lídia de Sousa , Lima Brena Késia de Sousa , Maia Rafaela Camargo
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT The mangrove ecosystem performs several natural functions of great ecological and economic importance. This study provided procedures for the recovery of mangrove ecosystems through the characterization of vegetation and zonation patterns and evaluation of growth and survival rates of mangrove species in an experimental plantation. The study was performed in the Acaraú River estuary mangrove on the western coast of Ceará State. The characterization of vegetation was conducted with the use of multiple plots and transects replication. Plants were identified at the species level, and their heights and CBH (circumference at breast height) were measured in each plot. Seedlings of the dominant mangrove species were produced using estuarine propagules. Five mangrove species were sampled: Rhizophora mangle, Avicennia germinans, Avicennia schaueriana, Laguncularia racemosa, and Conocarpus erectus. L. racemosa was the most dominant and frequent species, followed by A. germinas. A total of 111 L. racemosa and 102 Avicennia sp seedlings of were produced. Seedlings were viable for replanting within two months. The results of the analysis of vegetation structure and production and growth of seedlings are encouraging and demonstrate that revegetation is not only possible but also successful in this significantly deforested and degraded mangrove.
HEIGHT STRUCTURE AND SPATIAL PATTERN OF FIVE TROPICAL TREE SPECIES IN TWO SEASONAL SEMIDECIDUOUS FOREST FRAGMENTS WITH DIFFERENT CONSERVATION HISTORIES
Authors: Rodrigues Diego Resende , Bovolenta Yves Rafael , Pimenta José Antonio , Bianchini Edmilson
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT Anthropogenic disturbances in forests modify survival conditions and development of plants, which has direct effect on the height and spatial structure of tree populations. This study aimed to compare the height structure and spatial pattern of five tree species in two distinct fragments of seasonal semideciduous forest with different histories of conservation. We studied shade-intolerant (Astronium graveolens Jacq., Gallesia integrifolia (Spreng.) Harms) and shade-tolerant species (Chrysophyllum gonocarpum (Mart. & Eichler ex Miq.) Engl., Euterpe edulis Mart. and Holocalyx balansae Micheli). Sixty plots of 100 m2 (10 m x 10 m) were allocated, being 30 contiguous plots in each fragment. All individuals of five species were marked, assessed for total height data and mapped using Cartesian coordinates. We observed differences in height structure between fragments. All populations had a random spatial pattern, except to H. balansae in the less conserved fragment and E. edulis in the conserved fragment that showed a clumped spatial pattern. There were evidences of forest regeneration due to the establishment of shade-tolerant species in less conserved fragment and coexistence of functional groups in both fragments. The height structure and spatial pattern analyses indicating that anthropogenic exploitation changed the environment and population structure in the less conserved area when compared to conserved area. The anthropic exploitation was ceased few years ago, so it is expected that the less conserved fragment reach the stability of an old-growth forest.
PROPOSITION AND EVALUATION OF NATIVE VEGETATION RECOVERING INDEX (NVRI) OF RURAL PROPERTY
Authors: Wollmann Lauro Marino , Bastos Lia Caetano
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT The new Brazilian Forest Code (Laws no. 12,651/2012 and no. 12,727/2012) establishes a set of rules in relation to native vegetation areas, such as Permanent Preservation Areas and 'Legal Reserve', that must be preserved by the landowner. Thus, it becomes relevant to survey these areas, as well as to assess the need for recovering them. In this context, this research aimed to propose a method for calculating the Native Vegetation Recovering Index (NVRI) for rural properties and to validate it on a case study of Porto Alegre/RS drawing on geotechnology and on a technical cadaster. The method enabled to assess the range of native vegetation and to characterize the Permanent Preservation Areas and the Legal Reserve of rural property, as well as to estimate the fraction of the area to be recovered with native vegetation in each property. In the case study, the calculated NVRI was null for 61 properties, and ranged from 0.1% to 94.0% for other 15 properties examined. For properties sized up to 01FM (one fiscal module), the NVRI was 1.3%; for those sized between 01 and 02FM, it was zero; for properties sized between 02 and 04FM, NVRI was 1.5%; and for properties above 04FM, it was 10.8%. For the total surveyed properties, the calculated NVRI showed that 9.2% of the area that should be covered with native vegetation is in need to be recovered, since it is disfigured in terms of its native flora. By enabling to assess the situation of each rural property regarding its compliance with guidelines established in the new Forest Code, the applied method becomes a supporting tool for policies on territorial and environmental management.
SEED BANK IN TWO SITES OF SEMIDECIDUOUS SEASONAL FOREST IN VIÇOSA, MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Braga Antonio Jorge Tourinho , Borges Eduardo Euclydes de Lima e , Martins Sebastião Venâncio
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT Aimed of this study was examine, describe and confronted the floristic composition and the density the seed bank in two successional stages of Seasonal Semideciduous Forest, in Viçosa, MG. Forty soil samples total in two distinct period (drought station finish and rainy station finis) and arranged for germinate in wooden boxes (0,5 x 0,5 x 0,1 m) in shading of 60%. The individual germination in each valuation epoch was compared utilizing the t test for independent samples; the test indicated one individual plants germination major in seed bank levy intermediary between epoch drought station finis and rainy station. Hundred nine taxons were sampled in the seed bank the forest altogether, 101 species were identified as belonging to 73 genera distributed among 40 families, 56 species commonness in two successional stages of forest and 49 species commonness of two levy period. Asteraceae was the families with the largest number of species as initial forest much as advanced forest, in both period of valuation. The herbaceous individuals predomination in all forests and valuation epoch, whit not representation the fragility of the seed bank.
GROUPING OF CATINGUEIRA GENOTYPES BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Souza Leonardo Silva , Moreira Ricardo Franco Cunha , Freitas Teresa Aparecida Soares de , Mendonça Andrea Vita Reis , Afonso Sandra Domingos João , Ledo Carlos Alberto da Silva
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to obtain information about the characteristics of Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) through morphological characters. We have analyzed eleven genotypes of P. pyramidalis, at least 100 meters far apart among themselves, located in the municipalities of Santa Teresinha and Castro Alves, in the State of Bahia, Brazil. The genotypes were identified with aluminum plaques, georeferenced, evaluated according to their height and diameterat ground level, number of tillers per plant and fruit production. One hundred fruits for each genotype were collected and measured relative to their length, width (in the proximal, medial and distal positions), thickness and number of loci.Analyses have been performed: descriptive, Pearson correlation between the variables in addition to the cluster analysis for qualitative variables and subsequent clustering to define the genetic diversity among the species genotypes using the Euclidean average linkage and a cutoff point as an "NbClust" package. The results showed variability among genotypes, with the formation of eleven major groups of genetic dissimilarity. The largest genetic distances are among the G7ST and the G1ST genotypes located in the municipality of and the G1CA and the G8ST genotypes in the municipalities of Castro Alves and Santa Teresinha. The variable with the greatest contribution to divergence was the one with the number of tillers.
GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF Sclerolobium paniculatum Vogel AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RAINFALL AND THE INCREMENT IN DIAMETER AT DIFFERENT PLANTING SPACINGS
Authors: Narducci Tainah Silva , Yared Jorge Alberto Gazel , Brienza Júnior Silvio
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT Sclerolobium paniculatum Vogel is a species that has good potential for reclamation of degraded soils. The aim of the investigation was to evaluate the growth and survival of the species and the influence of rainfall on growth in diameter as a function of different spacings (4 m x 2 m, 4 m x 3 m, and 4 m x 4 m). The results indicate that the temporal analysis (period from November 2007 to August 2013) detected significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in height between the 4 m x 2 m and 4 m x 4 m spacings, while no significant difference in diameter was found between the 4 m x 2 m and 4 m x 3 m spacings. However, the statistical differences did not persist when the data was analyzed at seven and half years old. Regarding survival, a significant difference was observed only between the 4 m x 4 m spacing and the others, with superiority to the former. A strong correlation was found between rainfall and the increment in diameter of individuals in the broader spacings (R = 0.80 in the 4 m x 3 m spacing and R = 0.77 in the 4 m x 4 m spacing), while in the denser spacing the correlation was moderate (R = 0.56 in the 4 m x 2 m spacing). Since the spacings adopted did not influence tree growth by the end of the period, the choice will depend on other factors such as survival and costs of implementation and forestry management. Plantations in regions with larger rainfall amplitude may benefit the productivity of the species.
ROOTING OF MINICUTTINGS OF Castanea sativa Mill. HYBRID CLONES
Authors: Dantas Ângelo Kidelman , Majada Juan , Dantas Fernando Kidelmar , Delatorre Carolina , Granda Victor , Vallejo Paula , Feito Isabel
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the growth regulator indole butyric acid (IBA) on the rooting of mini-cuttings of Castanea crenata x C. sativa hybrid clones. Minicuttings were left to root for 60 days in an acclimatized greenhouse and then transferred to a shade house for a further 30 days. The experiment was a random block design with a double factorial arrangement consisting of five IBA concentrations (0, 2,500, 5,000, 7,500 and 10,000 mg L-1) and five clones, with three repetitions, composed of eight minicuttings per repetition. The use of IBA significantly affected the rooting and survival of the mini-cuttings, and good rates were achieved. However, at each IBA concentration we found significant differences between clones, thus suggesting that the conditions of the process of mini-cutting propagation should be specifically adapted to each particular clone.
EUCALYPTUS STAND SAMPLE PLOTS COMPARED: FIXED AREA AND FIXED NUMBER OF TREES
Authors: Almeida Danilo Roberti Alves de , Leite Helio Garcia , Gorgens Eric Bastos
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT This study compares sampling methods based on plots of fixed area and based on a fixed number of trees. The study was conducted in a Eucalyptus forest surveyed using three plot types: rectangular with fixed area, circular with fixed area and fixed number of trees. The estimation accuracies were evaluated for the average diameter per plot and for the number of stems, the basal area and the volume per plot. The null hypothesis of equality between the sampling methods was assessed by t-test. No significant differences were found between the three sampling methods.
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS AS A NEW TOOL FOR ASSESSING AND MONITORING WOOD MOISTURE CONTENT
Authors: Zanuncio Antônio José Vinha , Carvalho Amélia Guimarães , Silva Liniker Fernandes da , Carneiro Angélica de Cássia Oliveira , Colodette Jorge Luiz
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT Drying of wood is necessary for its use and moisture control is important during this process. The aim of this study was to use artificial neural networks to evaluate and monitor the wood moisture content during drying. Wood samples of 2 × 2 × 4 cm were taken at 1.3 m above the ground, outside of radial direction, from seven 2-year-old materials and three 7-year-old materials. These samples were saturated and drying was evaluated until the equilibrium moisture content, then, the artificial neural networks were created. The materials with higher initial moisture reached equilibrium moisture content faster due to its higher drying rate. The basic density of all wood materials was inversely proportional at the beginning and directly proportional to the moisture at the end of drying. All artificial neural networks used in this work showed high accuracy to estimate the moisture, however, the neural network based on the basic density and drying days was the best. Therefore, artificial neural networks can be used to control the moisture content of wood during drying.
ESTIMATES OF GENETIC PARAMETERS USING RELM/BLUP FOR INTRA-POPULATIONAL GENETIC BREEDING OF Platonia insignis Mart.
Authors: Maia Maria Clideana Cabral , Macedo Luciano Medina , Vasconcelos Lúcio Flavo Lopes , Aquino João Pedro Alves , Oliveira Luís Cláudio , Resende Marcos Deon Vilela
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters to support the selection of bacuri progenies for a first cycle of recurrent selection, using the REML/BLUP (restricted maximum likelihood/best linear unbiased prediction) procedure to estimate the variance components and genotypic values. Were evaluated twelve variables in a total of 210 fruits from 39 different seed trees, from a field trial with an experimental design of incomplete blocks with clonal replies among subplots. The three variables related with the fruit development (weight, diameter, length) showed strong correlation, and where fruit length showed higher heritability and potential to be used for indirect selection. Among the 39 progenies evaluated in this study, five present potential to compose the next cycle of recurrent selection, due they hold good selection differential either to agrotechnological variables as to development of bacuri fruit.
Assimetrias no repasse cambial para a inflação: Uma análise empírica para o Brasil (1999 a 2013)
Authors: Pimentel Débora Mesquita , Luporini Viviane , Modenesi André de Melo
Published: July 2016

Resumo O presente artigo analisou o repasse cambial para os preços ao consumidor (IPCA) no Brasil, no período entre 1999 e 2013, verificando através de diversas especificações econométricas a existência de assimetrias no repasse. Utilizando uma decomposição da variável câmbio, entre depreciações e apreciações, o artigo estima uma sequência de modelos SVAR com diferentes restrições de identificação. Os resultados, robustos para uma gama de especificações, indicam forte assimetria no repasse cambial. A média simples das diversas estimações indica um repasse de 11.38% no caso de depreciação e de 2.84% no caso de apreciação da moeda brasileira em relação ao dólar americano.
Mortalidade entre brancos e negros no Rio de Janeiro após a abolição
Authors: Pereira Thales Augusto Zamberlan
Published: July 2016

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a diferença de mortalidade entre brancos e negros no Rio de Janeiro durante os primeiros anos da República brasileira. Utilizam-se dados de mortalidade de doenças relacionadas a condições precárias de moradia e acesso à infraestrutura como um indicador de desigualdade econômica. Apesar de o Rio de Janeiro possuir taxas de mortalidade declinantes durante o início do século XX, não ocorreu convergência entre a população branca e negra. Além disso, a análise quantitativa apresenta evidências que doenças que afetavam mais a população pobre, como a tuberculose, aumentavam indiretamente a probabilidade de morte por outras doenças, fenômeno conhecido como Mills-Reincke. Isto sugere que a taxa de mortalidade para a população não branca pode ter sido previamente subestimada.
Desmatamento e a contribuição econômica da floresta na Amazônia
Authors: Carvalho Terciane Sabadini , Magalhães Aline Souza , Domingues Edson Paulo
Published: July 2016

Resumo Este artigo analisa, do ponto de vista econômico, a contribuição da floresta desmatada para a economia da Amazônia Legal entre 2006 e 2011, assim como os efeitos de uma política de controle do desmatamento entre 2012 e 2020. Para isso, utilizou-se um modelo de equilíbrio geral computável (EGC) inter-regional, construído para capturar as especificidades e heterogeneidade de 103 microrregiões da Amazônia Legal. As simulações da contribuição econômica do desmatamento para essas regiões permitiriam avaliar o custo relativo de políticas de controle, estimando o valor implícito do desmatamento na dinâmica econômica. Os resultados apontam uma contribuição positiva, embora pequena, do desmatamento para o crescimento econômico da Amazônia de 2006 a 2011. Este resultado é reforçado pelos impactos econômicos de uma política hipotética de controle do desmatamento, que sugerem uma perda apenas marginal sobre o crescimento econômico dessas regiões.
Os pais da psicanálise com crianças
Authors: Gueller Adela Stoppel de
Published: July 2016

Durante meio século, a história da psicanálise com crianças guiou-se pelas linhas mestras estabelecidas no Colóquio sobre análise infantil, que em 1927 entronou Melanie Klein e Anna Freud como suas genuínas mães. Um dos efeitos que se produziram foi a psicanálise com crianças se haver consagrado como um campo de mulheres. Contudo, anteriores a essas mulheres, estão os que podemos considerar os pais da psicanálise com crianças — mas que não foram reconhecidos como tais. Entre eles, Karl Abraham, Carl Jung e Max Graf. O que se esconde nesse apagamento? Que efeitos isso teve na prática psicanalítica com crianças? O artigo levanta a hipótese de que a fantasia do pai sedutor dissuadiu os homens de se aventurarem nesse campo.
Dar a mão: para além do gesto
Authors: Marraccini Eliane Michelini
Published: July 2016

Este trabalho baseia-se no atendimento psicanalítico de um paciente pelo breve período de três meses. Como emergiram instigantes questões ao longo do atendimento, mas em especial após o trágico desfecho, neste artigo é apresentado um esboço compreensivo e metapsicológico acerca de importantes e cruciais questões do desenvolvimento primitivo. As articulações teórico-clínicas constituem construtos e hipóteses a partir de uma relação analítica limitada no tempo, porém inspiradora de muitas reflexões e elaborações por parte do psicanalista.
Antiproliferative and genotoxic effects of nature identical and artificial synthetic food additives of aroma and flavor
Authors: Nunes R. D. M. , Sales I. M. S. , Silva S. I. O. , Sousa J. M. C. , Peron A. P.
Published: July 2016

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the antiproliferative and genotoxic potential of synthetic food flavorings, nature identical passion fruit and artificial vanilla. This assessment used root meristem cells of Allium cepa L., in exposure times of 24 and 48 hours and using doses of 0.2; 0.4 and 0.6 mL. Roots were fixed in Carnoy’s solution, hydrolyzed in hydrochloric acid, stained with acetic orcein and analyzed with optical microscope at 400× magnification, 5,000 cells for each treatment. For data analysis, it was used Chi-square test at 5%. Doses of 0.2 mL at ET 48 h; 0.4 and 0.6 mL at ET 24 and 48 h of passion fruit flavor, and the three doses of the vanilla flavor at ET 24 and 48 h significantly reduced the cell division rate in the meristems of roots, proving to be cytotoxic. Doses of 0.2; 0.4 and 0.6 mL of the passion fruit additive, and the three doses of vanilla tested, in the two exposure times, induced mitotic spindle changes and micronuclei formation in the cells of the test organism used, proving to be genotoxic. Therefore, under the studied conditions, flavoring solutions of vanilla and passion fruit, marketed nationally and internationally, significantly altered the functioning of the cell cycle in root meristem cells of A. cepa.
Addisonia enodis (Vetigastropoda: Lepetelloidea) associated with an elasmobranch egg capsule from the South Atlantic Ocean and the discovery of the species from deep waters off northeastern Brazil
Authors: Lima Silvio Felipe Barbosa , Simone Luiz Ricardo Lopes , Guimarães Carmen Regina Parisotto
Published: July 2016

Abstract A gastropod specimen of the subfamily Addisoniinae Dall, 1882 is reported here for the first time associated with an elasmobranch egg capsule from the South Atlantic Ocean. A specimen of Addisonia enodis Simone, 1996 was found living inside an egg capsule of Atlantoraja castelnaui (Miranda Ribeiro, 1907) (Arhynchobatidae Fowler, 1934) from shallow waters off southeastern Brazil. Previous studies have reported the association of members of the genus Addisonia Dall, 1882 only with the egg capsules of sharks from the family Scyliorhinidae Gill, 1862 and skates from the family Rajidae de Blainville, 1816. Other specimens of A. enodis are also here reported to occur off northeastern Brazil based on shells found in deep waters off the state of Sergipe, which fills a gap in its distribution in the Southwestern Atlantic to the north of this region. Addisonia enodis was recognized as a synonym of A. excentrica (Tiberi, 1855). However, we consider A. enodis as a valid species until further data clarify this issue based on a large sample of Addisonia from Brazilian waters.
O Chifre do Coronel Corta-Gargantas: uma ação estético-política
Authors: Victorio Filho Aldo , Guéron Rodrigo , Puga Jonatas Martin
Published: July 2016

Resumo: Este artigo analisa uma ação estético-política: uma intervenção feita por ativistas na pintura do retrato de um sanguinário personagem histórico. Considerando a dimensão inexoravelmente estética da política, articularemos a constituição do socius e do ethos, segundo Deleuze e Guattari, com uma singular leitura do conceito de ready made em Duchamp; chegaremos assim à concepção de efeito de arte. Tal base teórica nos permitirá pensar a ação política tema do texto como exemplo de efeito de arte, num contexto de identificação entre patrimônio artístico/cultural e Estado, mas também de resistências estético-políticas numa cidade submetida a violentos processos de gentrificação.