bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the effectiveness of InDeaTe tool in supporting design for sustainability
Authors: Acharya Shakuntala , Ghadge Kiran , Ranjan B. S. C. , Devadula Suman , Chakrabarti Amaresh
Published: May 2020

In today's aggressive global market, innovation is key for success and design solutions require not only to achieve competitive edge, but also to address the growing environmental, social, and economic needs of the community at large. Consideration of these three pillars of sustainability makes a design inclusive, and life cycle thinking is found to be a promising approach across the literature. However, most supports for design address certain facets or aid singular tasks, and the use of design methods and tools, which have the potential to significantly improve the design process, is low due to inappropriate use and selection of these methods. InDeaTe (Innovation Design database and Template) is a holistic, knowledge-driven, computer-based tool for design of sustainable systems, such as products, manufacturing systems andservice systems and has been developed to address and integrate the aspects of sustainability on a singular design platform. It comprises of the generic design process Template that imbibes life cycle thinking into the process by incorporating consideration of every life cycle phase in each design stage, where design activities are performed iteratively. It further supports the design process by aiding the use and selection of appropriate design methods and tools in concurrence with the primary motivation of improving sustainability of the system with the aid of the InDeaTe Design Database. This paper discusses the ontological underpinnings behind the conceptualization of the InDeaTe methodology and the development of the supporting tool. The paper further reports empirical findings from six different case studies conducted for evaluating the effectiveness of InDeaTe tool in supporting design for sustainability (DfS). The results show that InDeaTe tool has potential in supporting DfS.
Portal vein thrombosis in Fontan-associated liver disease
Authors: Kaulitz Renate , Sieverding Ludger , Hofbeck Michael
Published: May 2020

A 25-year-old patient with signs of cirrhosis on ultrasound and CT presented with portal vein thrombosis on routine follow-up examinations; retrograde hepatic wedge angiography demonstrated only the right-sided portal vein branch. Development of a portosystemic collateral vessel to the left-sided renal vein prevented signs of hypersplenism. This unique complication of portal vein thrombosis should be considered during long-term surveillance.
Non-obstructive membrane of left atrial appendage orifice: first paediatric report
Authors: Sachdeva Sakshi , Azad Sushil , Radhakrishnan Sitaraman
Published: May 2020

Left atrial appendage membrane is a rare anomaly. Its implications on clinical course are unknown. We report the first paediatric case in association with a congenital heart disease.
Not water, sanitation and hygiene practice, but timing of stunting is associated with recovery from stunting at 24 months: results from a multi-country birth cohort study
Authors: Das Subhasish , Fahim Shah Mohammad , Alam Md Ashraful , Mahfuz Mustafa , Bessong Pascal , Mduma Esto , Kosek Margaret , Shrestha Sanjaya K , Ahmed Tahmeed
Published: May 2020

Objectives:

To measure the role of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) practices on recovery from stunting and assess the role of timing of stunting on the reversal of this phenomenon

Design:

Data from the MAL-ED multi-country birth cohort study was used for the current analysis. Generalised linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate the probability of reversal of stunting with WASH practice and timing of stunting as the exposures of interest.

Setting:

Seven different countries across three continents.

Participants:

A total of 612 children <2 years of age.

Results:

We found that not WASH practice but timing of stunting had statistically significant association with recovery from stunting. In comparison with the children who were stunted at 6 months, children who were stunted at 12 months had 1·9 times (β= 0·63,P= 0·03) more chance of recovery at 24 months of age. And, children who were stunted at 18 months of age even had higher odds (adjusted OR = 3·01,β= 1·10,P< 0·001) of recovery than children who were stunted at 6 months. Additionally, mother’s height (β= 0·59,P= 0·04) and household income (β= 0·02,P< 0·05) showed statistically significant associations with the outcome.

Conclusions:

The study provided evidence for the role of timing of stunting on the recovery from the phenomenon. This novel finding indicates that the programmes to promote linear growth should be directed at the earliest possible timepoints in the course of life.
AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH TO FRÉCHET DERIVATIVES
Authors: ARORA SHANE , BROWNE HAZEL , DANERS DANIEL
Published: May 2020

We discuss an alternative approach to Fréchet derivatives on Banach spaces inspired by a characterisation of derivatives due to Carathéodory. The approach allows many questions of differentiability to be reduced to questions of continuity. We demonstrate how that simplifies the theory of differentiation, including the rules of differentiation and the Schwarz lemma on the symmetry of second-order derivatives. We also provide a short proof of the differentiable dependence of fixed points in the Banach fixed point theorem.
EXTENSIONS OF VECTOR BUNDLES ON THE FARGUES-FONTAINE CURVE
Authors: Birkbeck Christopher , Feng Tony , Hansen David , Hong Serin , Li Qirui , Wang Anthony , Ye Lynnelle
Published: May 2020

We completely classify the possible extensions between semistable vector bundles on the Fargues–Fontaine curve (over an algebraically closed perfectoid field), in terms of a simple condition on Harder–Narasimhan (HN) polygons. Our arguments rely on a careful study of various moduli spaces of bundle maps, which we define and analyze using Scholze’s language of diamonds. This analysis reduces our main results to a somewhat involved combinatorial problem, which we then solve via a reinterpretation in terms of the Euclidean geometry of HN polygons.
The intricate link between galaxy dynamics and intrinsic shape (or why so-called prolate rotation is a misnomer)
Authors: Foster Caroline , Bassett Robert
Published: May 2020

Many recent integral field spectroscopy (IFS) survey teams have used stellar kinematic maps combined with imaging to statistically infer the underlying distributions of galaxy intrinsic shapes. With now several IFS samples at our disposal, the method, which was originally proposed by M. Franx and collaborators in 1991, is gaining in popularity, having been so far applied to ATLAS3D, SAMI, MANGA and MASSIVE. We present results showing that a commonly assumed relationship between dynamical and intrinsic shape alignment does not hold in Illustris, affecting our ability to recover accurate intrinsic shape distributions. A further implication is that so-called “prolate rotation”, where the bulk of stars in prolate galaxies are thought to rotate around the projected major axis, is a misnomer.
3D asymmetrical kinematics of mono-age populations from LAMOST and Gaia common red clump stars
Authors: Wang H.-F. , López-Corredoira Martn , Huang Y. , Carlin Jeffrey L.
Published: May 2020

With the LAMOST DR4 and Gaia DR2 common red clump giant stars, we investigate the three-dimensional kinematics of Milky Way disk stars in mono-age populations between Galactocentric distances of R = 6 and 15 kpc. We confirm the 3D asymmetrical motions of recent works, and provide time tagging of the Galactic outer disk asymmetrical motions. Radial motions present a north-south asymmetry in the region corresponding to recent density and velocity substructures that were sensitive to the perturbations in the early 6 Gyr. What’s more, we discover a new velocity substructure in the north side corresponding to density dip found recently (“south-middle opposite”) in the radial and azimuthal velocity. Meanwhile, the vertical velocity with clear vertical bulk motions or bending mode motions has no clear asymmetry corresponding to the in-plane asymmetrical features.
Properties of barred galaxies in the MaNGA galaxy survey
Authors: Fraser-McKelvie Amelia , Merrifield Michael , Aragón-Salamanca Alfonso , Masters Karen ,   the MaNGA Survey Team
Published: May 2020

We present the initial results of a census of 684 barred galaxies in the MaNGA galaxy survey. This large sample contains galaxies with a wide range of physical properties, and we attempt to link bar properties to key observables for the whole galaxy. We find the length of the bar, when normalised for galaxy size, is correlated with the distance of the galaxy from the star formation main sequence, with more passive galaxies hosting larger-scale bars. Ionised gas is observed along the bars of low-mass galaxies only, and these galaxies are generally star-forming and host short bars. Higher-mass galaxies do not contain Hα emission along their bars, however, but are more likely to host rings or Hα at the centre and ends of the bar. Our results suggest that different physical processes are at play in the formation and evolution of bars in low- and high-mass galaxies.
Study of open cluster NGC 5617 in Gaia era
Authors: Bisht D. , Zhu Qingfeng
Published: May 2020

Identification of member stars in open clusters is still an open question. Thanks to Gaia DR2 data base, which improves our statistics regarding true members in clusters to understand cluster properties much better way. In this paper, we identify the cluster members using proper motion and colour magnitude diagram for NGC 5617. In addition to this, we have determined more precise fundamental parameters as well.
The sequence of spiral arm classes: Observational signatures of persistent spiral density waves in grand-design galaxies
Authors: Bittner A. , Gadotti D. A. , Elmegreen B. G. , Athanassoula E. , Elmegreen D. M. , Bosma A. , Muñoz-Mateos J.
Published: May 2020

We investigate how the properties of spiral arms relate to other fundamental galaxy properties. To this end, we use previously published measurements of those properties, and our own measurements of arm-interarm luminosity contrasts for a large sample of galaxies, using 3.6μm images from the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies. Flocculent galaxies are clearly distinguished from other spiral arm classes, especially by their lower stellar mass and surface density. Multi-armed and grand-design galaxies are similar in most of their fundamental parameters, excluding some bar properties and the bulge-to-total luminosity ratio. Based on these results, we discuss dense, classical bulges as a necessary condition for standing spiral wave modes in grand-design galaxies. We further find a strong correlation between bulge-to-total ratio and bar contrast, and a weaker correlation between arm and bar contrasts.
Linear stability of stellar rotating spheres
Authors: Rozier Simon , Fouvry Jean-Baptiste , Breen Philip G. , Varri Anna Lisa , Pichon Christophe , Heggie Douglas C.
Published: May 2020

Recent observations of globular clusters encourage to revise some aspects of the traditional paradigm, in which they were considered to be isotropic in velocity space and non-rotating. However, the theory of collisionless spheroids with some kinematic richness has seldom been studied. We present here a further step in this direction, owing to new results regarding the linear stability of rotating Plummer spheres, with varying anisotropy in velocity space and total amount of angular momentum. We extend the well-known radial orbit instability to rotating systems, and discover a new regime of instability in fast rotating, tangentially anisotropic systems.
Galactic mass and anisotropy profile with halo K-giant and blue horizontal branch stars from LAMOST/SDSS andGaia
Authors: Bird Sarah A. , Xue Xiang-Xiang , Liu Chao , Shen Juntai , Flynn Chris , Yang Chengqun
Published: May 2020

A major uncertainty in the determination of the mass profile of the Milky Way using stellar kinematics in the halo is the poorly determined anisotropy parameter,, whereσris the Galactocentric radial velocity dispersion, andσθandσφare the tangential components of the velocity dispersion. We have used a sample of over 24,000 Galactic halo K giant and blue horizontal branch stars from the LAMOST stellar spectroscopic survey and SDSS/SEGUE, combined with proper motions fromGaiaData Release 2, to measureβ(rgc) over a wide range of Galactocentric distancesrgcfrom 5 to 80 kpc. Kinematic substructures have been carefully removed to reveal the underlying diffuse stellar halo prior to measuringβ. We find that orbits are generally radial (β > 0) andβis constant out to distances of about 40 kpc, with a dependence on metallicity of the stars, such thatβdeclines with lower metallicity. Similar behavior is seen in both the K giant and BHB samples.
Kinematic asymmetry of galaxy pairs
Authors: Feng Shuai , Shen Shi-Yin , Yuan Fang-Ting
Published: May 2020

The interaction between galaxies is believed to be the main origin of the peculiarities of galaxies. It can disturb not only the morphology but also the kinematics of galaxies. These disturbed and asymmetric features are the indicators of galaxy interaction. We study the velocity field of ionized gas in galaxy pairs based on MaNGA survey. Using the kinemetry package, we fit the velocity field and quantify the degree of kinematic asymmetry. We find that the fraction of high kinematic asymmetry is much higher for galaxy pairs with dp⩽30h−1kpc. Moreover, compared to a control sample of single galaxies, we find that the star formation rate is enhanced in paired galaxies with high kinematic asymmetry. For paired galaxies with low kinematic asymmetry, no significant SFR enhancement has been found. The galaxy pairs with high kinematic asymmetry are more likely to be real interacting galaxies rather than projected pairs.
Lithium enrichment in the Galaxy: A study using the GALAH and Gaia surveys
Authors: Deepak  , Reddy Bacham E.
Published: May 2020

Here, we explore the enrichment of Lithium in the Galaxy using a large sample of stars common among large spectroscopic surveys such as the GALAH and astrometric survey by the Gaia satellite. For this study we used about 60,000 low mass (M⩽ 2M⊙) dwarfs from the GALAH survey. Further, we discuss Li enrichment among giant stars based on a sample of 52,000 low mass giants, of which 335 are Li-rich with A(Li) ⩾ 1.80 ± 0.14 dex, culled from the GALAH survey. These low mass giants appears to be one of the promising source of Li enrichment in the Galaxy as their atmospheric Li can be added to the ISM through mass loss.
The high transverse velocity stars in Gaia-LAMOST
Authors: Amarante João A. S. , Smith Martin C. , Boeche Corrado
Published: May 2020

Although the stellar halo accounts for just ∼1% of the total stellar mass of the Milky Way, the kinematics of halo stars can tell us a lot about the origins and evolution of our Galaxy. It has been shown that the high transverse velocity stars in Gaia DR2 reveal a double sequence in the Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram, indicating a duality in the local halo within 1 kpc. We fit these stars by updating the popular Besançon/Galaxia model, incorporating the latest observational results for the stellar halo. We are able to obtain a good match to the Gaia data and provide new constraints on the properties of the disc and halo. In particular, we show that the thick disc contribution to this high velocity tail is small, but not negligible, and likely has an influence on the red sequence of the HR diagram.
The GIST pipeline: A multi-purpose tool for the analysis and visualisation of (integral-field) spectroscopic data
Authors: Bittner A. , Falcón-Barroso J. , Nedelchev B. , Dorta A. , Gadotti D. A. , Sarzi M. , Molaeinezhad A. , Iodice E. , Rosado-Belza D. , de Lorenzo-Cáceres A. , Fragkoudi F. , Galán-de Anta P. M. , Husemann B. , Méndez-Abreu J. , Neumann J. , Pinna F. , Querejeta M. , Sánchez-Blázquez P. , Seidel M. K.
Published: May 2020

We introduce the Galaxy IFU Spectroscopy Tool (GIST), a convenient, all-in-one and multi-purpose tool for the analysis and visualisation of already reduced (integral-field) spectroscopic data. In particular, the pipeline performs all steps from read-in and preparation of data to its scientific analysis and visualisation in publication-quality plots. The code measures stellar kinematics and non-parametric star formation histories using the pPXF routine (Cappellari & Emsellem 2004; Cappellari 2017), performs an emission-line analysis with the GandALF procedure (Sarzi et al. 2006; Falcón-Barroso et al. 2006), and determines absorption line-strength indices and their corresponding single stellar population equivalent population properties (Kuntschner et al.2006; Martín-Navarro et al. 2018). The dedicated visualisation routine Mapviewer facilitates the access of all data products in a sophisticated graphical user interface with fully interactive plots.
Transverse bar/bulge kinematics with Gaia and VVV
Authors: Sanders Jason L. , Evans N. Wyn , Smith Leigh , Lucas Philip
Published: May 2020

We present new results on the Galactic bar/bulge transverse velocity structure using Gaia and the VISTA Variables in Via Lactea (VVV) survey. Gaia is complemented in high extinction regions by the multi-epoch infrared VVV observations for which derived relative proper motions can be tied to Gaia’s absolute frame. We extract kinematic maps (both 2D and 3D) of the Galactic bar/bulge, from which we measure the pattern speed of the bar using a novel technique. We focus on the evidence of an X-shaped bulge from the kinematic maps.
The shape of the dark matter halo revealed from a hypervelocity star
Authors: Hattori Kohei , Valluri Monica
Published: May 2020

A recently discovered young, high-velocity giant star J01020100-7122208 is a good candidate of hypervelocity star ejected from the Galactic center, although it has a bound orbit. If we assume that this star was ejected from the Galactic center, it can be used to constrain the Galactic potential, because the deviation of its orbit from a purely radial orbit informs us of the torque that this star has received. Based on this assumption, we estimate the flattening of the Galactic dark matter halo by using the Gaia DR2 data and the circular velocity data. Our Bayesian analysis shows that the orbit of J01020100-7122208 favors a prolate halo within ~ 10 kpc from the Galactic center. The posterior distribution of the density flattening q shows a broad distribution at q ≳ 1 and peaks at q ≃ 1.5. Also, 98.5% of the posterior distribution is located at q > 1, highly disfavoring an oblate halo.
The VVV Survey: Globular Clusters and more
Authors: Minniti Dante , Navarro María Gabriela
Published: May 2020

In the efforts to map the Milky Way structure, the central regions have remained very difficult to probe. The VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea Survey (VVV) is a near-IR variability Survey that scans 560 sq.deg. across the Milky Way bulge and an adjacent section of the southern mid-plane. The main goal of the VVV Survey is to build a 3D map of the structure of the inner Galaxy and characterize its stellar populations. This survey has discovered different kinds of objects, such as globular clusters, Microlensing events, RR Lyrae stars, Cepheids, WITs, among others. The extension of the Survey (VVVX) is observing until 2020, tripling the areal coverage, and complementing the variability studies done by the VVV Survey.
Can bars erode cuspy halos?
Authors: Kataria Sandeep Kumar , Das Mousumi , Mcgaugh Stacy
Published: May 2020

One of the major and widely known small scale problem with the Lambda CDM model of cosmology is the “core-cusp” problem. In this study we investigate whether this problem can be resolved using bar instabilities. We see that all the initial bars are thin (b/a < 0.3) in our simulations and the bar becomes thick ( b /a > 0.3) faster in the high resolution simulations. By increasing the resolution, we mean a larger number of disk particles. The thicker bars in the high resolution simulations transfer less angular momentum to the halo. Hence, we find that in the high resolution simulations it takes around 7 Gyr for the bar to remove inner dark matter cusp which is too long to be meaningful in galaxy evolution timescales. Physically, the reason is that as the resolution increases, the bar buckles faster and becomes thicker much earlier on.
The puzzle of unbarred galaxies
Authors: Shen Juntai
Published: May 2020

Nearly two thirds of spiral galaxies are either strongly or weakly barred, yet a significant fraction of disc galaxies do not have a bar. Now we understand that there are at least three ways of making bars, i.e., bar instability, tidal interaction, and secular bar growth by orbit trapping of a seed bar. However, the reverse problem of avoiding bar formation in unbarred galaxies may be more challenging than we thought. It is shocking that we still do not understand how the bar instability is avoided in real galaxies such as M33, and this puzzle may be central to the outstanding issue of what determines the distribution of bar strengths in galaxies.
No preferred alignments of angular momentum vectors of galaxies in the SDSS supercluster S[202-001+0084]
Authors: Malla Janak R. , Saurer Walter , Aryal Binil
Published: May 2020

We present spatial orientation of angular momentum vectors of 3038 galaxies in the SDSS supercluster S[202-002+0084] having mean redshift 0.084. The selection effects in the database are removed using random simulation method. The observed distributions of angular momentum vectors of galaxies are compared with expected theoretical distribution using chi-square, auto-correlation and Fourier tests. No preferred alignments of angular momentum vectors of galaxies are noticed in the supercluster S[202-001+0084], supporting hierarchy model.
A MUSE study of the fast bar in the weakly-interacting galaxy NGC 4264
Authors: Cuomo Virginia , Corsini Enrico Maria , Aguerri Alfonso J. L. , Debattista Victor P.
Published: May 2020

We present surface photometry and stellar kinematics of NGC 4264, a lenticular galaxy in the region of the Virgo Cluster undergoing a tidal interaction with its neighbour, NGC 4261. We measured the bar radius and strength from SDSS imaging and the bar pattern speed from MUSE integral-field spectroscopy. We find that NGC 4264 hosts a strong and large bar, which is rotating fast. The accurate measurement of the bar rotation rate allows us to exclude that the formation of the bar was triggered by the ongoing interaction.
The early merger that made the galaxy’s stellar halo
Authors: Evans N. Wyn
Published: May 2020

The last two years have seen widespread acceptance of the idea that the Milky Way halo was largely created in an early (8-10 Gyr ago) and massive (>1010Mȯ) merger. The roots of this idea pre-date the Gaia mission, but the exquisite proper motions available from Gaia have made the hypothesis irresistible. We trace the history of this idea, reviewing the series of papers that led to our current understanding.
Variability in pension products: a comparison study between The Netherlands and Denmark
Authors: Balter Anne G. , Kallestrup-Lamb Malene , Rangvid Jesper
Published: May 2020

The Danish and the Dutch pension systems are often referred to as “among the best in the world”. We compare pension systems and pension products in Denmark and The Netherlands. We focus on the shifts that have taken place in both countries, from pension products with relatively low levels of risk for the participant to pension products with more risk but also higher expected return. We end by drawing lessons that are relevant for discussions in many countries.
An ultra-wideband, polarization insensitive metamaterial absorber based on multiple resistive film layers with wide-incident-angle stability
Authors: Deng Guangsheng , Lv Kun , Sun Hanxiao , Hong Yuan , Zhang Xiaoying , Yin Zhiping , Li Ying , Yang Jun
Published: May 2020

In this work, we propose a broadband, polarization-insensitive and wide incident angle stable metamaterial absorber (MA) based on the resistive film. The absorber consists of a three-layer structure with each layer of dielectric substrate printed with different shapes of resistive film. The multilayer structure not only extends the absorption bandwidth but also maintains high absorption under large wave incident angles. Numerical simulation shows that the absorptivity of a normal incident wave is above 90% in the frequency range 2.34–18.95 GHz, corresponding to a relative absorption bandwidth of 156%. Moreover, the whole MA structure has a total thickness of 11.3 mm, corresponding to 0.09 λ0 at its lowest absorption frequency. Due to the high symmetry of the structure, the absorber has good polarization insensitivity. In addition, for both transverse electric and transverse magnetic incidence, the proposed absorber achieves an absorptivity of more than 80% at incident angles of up to 45° and thus has good stability for wide incident angles. The absorption principle of the absorber is analyzed by the surface current and power loss density distribution. Parameter analysis is also performed for bandwidth optimization. Due to its advantages of wideband absorption with high efficiency, the proposed absorber has the potential to be applied to the energy-harvesting and electromagnetic stealth fields.
Contributions of Pore‐Scale Mixing and Mechanical Dispersion to Reaction During Active Spreading by Radial Groundwater Flow
Authors: Neupauer Roseanna M. , Sather Lauren J. , Mays David C. , Crimaldi John P. , Roth Eric J.
Published: May 2020

Spreading and mixing are complementary processes that promote reaction of two reactive aqueous solutes present in contiguous plumes in groundwater. Spreading reconfigures the plume geometry, elongating the interface between the plumes, while mixing increases the volume of aquifer occupied by each plume, bringing the solute molecules together to react. Since reaction only occurs where the two solute plumes are in contact with each other, local mechanisms that drive flow and transport near the interface between the plumes control the amount of reaction. This work uses local characteristics of the plumes and the flow field near the plume interface to analyze the relative contributions of pore‐scale mixing and mechanical dispersion to instantaneous, irreversible, bimolecular reaction in a homogeneous aquifer with active spreading caused by radial flow from a well. Two solutes are introduced in sequence at the well, creating concentric circular plumes. We allow for incomplete mixing of the solutes in the pore space, by modeling the pore space as a segregated compartment and a mixed compartment with first‐order mass transfer between the two compartments. We develop semi‐analytical expressions for concentrations of the solutes in both compartments. We found that the relative contribution of mechanical dispersion to reaction increases over time and also increases due to increases in the Peclet number, in the relative source concentration of the chasing solute, and in the mass transfer rate from the segregated compartment to the mixed compartment of the pore space.
Using the Budyko Framework for Calibrating a Global Hydrological Model
Authors: Greve P. , Burek P. , Wada Y.
Published: May 2020

Global hydrological models (GHMs) have become an established tool to simulate water resources worldwide. Most of the GHMs are however uncalibrated and typically use a set of basic hydrological parameters, that could potentially lead to unrealistic projections of the terrestrial water cycle. The calibration of hydrological models is usually performed by using and comparing modeled to observed discharge. Accurate station data and reliable time series data of discharge are, however, often not available for many parts of the world and classic calibration approaches are therefore not feasible. In this paper, we aim to develop a new calibration approach that requires no additional data, is easy to implement, and substantially improves model performance, especially in regions where uncalibrated model performance is rather poor. This is achieved by using the Budyko framework, which provides a conceptual representation of the long‐term water and energy balance. We use a state‐of‐the‐art GHM and calibrate the model within nine river catchments of different sizes and characteristics. Since observed river discharge is available for these catchments, we are able to compare the Budyko‐based calibration approach to a classic discharge‐based calibration scheme and the uncalibrated model version. In all catchments, the Budyko‐based calibration approach decreases biases and increases model performance compared to the uncalibrated model version although performance improvements obtained through a classic calibration approach are greater. Nonetheless, a Budyko‐based calibration is a valuable, intermediate approach between use of a basic set of a priori hydrological parameters and classical calibration against discharge data.
River Dunes and Tidal Sand Waves: Are They Generated by the Same Physical Mechanism?
Authors: Vittori G. , Blondeaux P.
Published: May 2020

Many subaerial and subaqueous morphological patterns are repetitive both in space and time, and a characteristic wavelength L and a characteristic period T can be associated with the bottom forms, along with a migration speed cr=L/T. In this contribution we focus our attention on river dunes, which form under steady flows, and on tidal sand waves, which form under oscillatory flows. Now, it is widely accepted that these bedforms arise because of the instability of the plane interface between the riverbed/seabed, made up of cohesionless sand, and the water flowing over it. However, the physical mechanisms commonly suggested to explain the growth of these two bottom forms differ. In the present contribution, the theories of formation of river dunes and sand waves, based on modal stability analysis, are revisited, and it is shown that the different physical mechanisms proposed to explain the formation of river dunes and sand waves exhibit more similarity than was believed until today.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Optimization of oncolytic effect of Newcastle disease virus Clone30 by selecting sensitive tumor host and constructing more oncolytic viruses
Authors: Liu Tianyan , Zhang Yu , Cao Yukai , Jiang Shan , Sun Rui , Yin Jiechao , Gao Zhenqiu , Ren Guiping , Wang Zhenzhong , Yu Qingzhong , Sui Guangchao , Sun Xu , Sun Wenying , Xiao Wei , Li Deshan
Published: May 2020

The direct oncolytic effect of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) depends on the following two aspects: the susceptibility of cancer cells to virus infection and the ability of virus itself to lyse cancer cells. First, we investigate the susceptibility of cancer cells to NDV infection, HepG2, MDA-MB-231, and SH-SY5Y cells were susceptible, A549, MCF7, and LoVo cells were less susceptible. To investigate the molecular mechanism responsible for cancer cell susceptibility, transcriptome sequencing was carried out. We found that the levels of alpha-sialic acid acyltransferase were upregulated in MDA-MB-231 cells compared with MCF7 cells, and the interferon was downregulated. Second, to optimize the oncolytic capacity of the wild-type rClone30, a series of chimeric viruses rClone30-Anh(HN), rClone30-Anh(F), and rClone30-Anh(HN-F) were constructed by exchanging the HN gene, F gene or both of non-lytic rClone30 strain with lytic strain Anhinga. rClone30-Anh(F) and rClone30-Anh(HN-F) enhanced the oncolytic effect of the rClone30, and this enhancement is more obvious in the susceptible cells. The oncolytic mechanism of rClone30-Anh(F) was analyzed by transcriptome analyses, in comparison with rClone30, rClone30-Anh(F) upregulated the expression of ATG5, Beclin 1, and MAP1LC3B, thus activating autophagy and promoting the production of syncytia. In conclusion, our study provides a strategy to enhance the oncolytic effect of rClone30.
The glassy solid as a statistical ensemble of crystalline microstates
Authors: Jones Eric B. , Stevanović Vladan
Published: May 2020

We present an alternative and, for the purpose of non-crystalline materials design, a more suitable description of covalent and ionic glassy solids as statistical ensembles of crystalline local minima on the potential energy surface. Motivated by the concept of partially broken ergodicity, we analytically formulate the set of approximations under which the structural features of ergodic systems such as the radial distribution function (RDF) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) intensity can be rigorously expressed as statistical ensemble averages over different local minima. Validation is carried out by evaluating these ensemble averages for elemental Si and SiO2 over the local minima obtained through the first-principles random structure sampling that we performed using relatively small simulation cells, thereby restricting the sampling to a set of predominantly crystalline structures. The comparison with XRD and RDF from experiments (amorphous silicon) and molecular dynamics simulations (glassy SiO2) shows excellent agreement, thus supporting the ensemble picture of glasses and opening the door to fully predictive description without the need for experimental inputs.
Robust entanglement preparation against noise by controlling spatial indistinguishability
Authors: Nosrati Farzam , Castellini Alessia , Compagno Giuseppe , Lo Franco Rosario
Published: May 2020

Initialization of composite quantum systems into highly entangled states is usually a must to enable their use for quantum technologies. However, unavoidable noise in the preparation stage makes the system state mixed, hindering this goal. Here, we address this problem in the context of identical particle systems within the operational framework of spatially localized operations and classical communication (sLOCC). We define the entanglement of formation for an arbitrary state of two identical qubits. We then introduce an entropic measure of spatial indistinguishability as an information resource. Thanks to these tools we find that spatial indistinguishability, even partial, can be a property shielding nonlocal entanglement from preparation noise, independently of the exact shape of spatial wave functions. These results prove quantum indistinguishability is an inherent control for noise-free entanglement generation.
Giant magnetoresistive biosensors for real-time quantitative detection of protease activity
Authors: Adem Sandeep , Jain Sonal , Sveiven Michael , Zhou Xiahan , O’Donoghue Anthony J. , Hall Drew A.
Published: May 2020

Proteases are enzymes that cleave proteins and are crucial to physiological processes such as digestion, blood clotting, and wound healing. Unregulated protease activity is a biomarker of several human diseases. Synthetic peptides that are selectively hydrolyzed by a protease of interest can be used as reporter substrates of unregulated protease activity. We developed an activity-based protease sensor by immobilizing magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to the surface of a giant magnetoresistive spin-valve (GMR SV) sensor using peptides. Cleavage of these peptides by a protease releases the magnetic nanoparticles resulting in a time-dependent change in the local magnetic field. Using this approach, we detected a significant release of MNPs after 3.5 minutes incubation using just 4 nM of the cysteine protease, papain. In addition, we show that proteases in healthy human urine do not release the MNPs, however addition of 20 nM of papain to the urine samples resulted in a time-dependent change in magnetoresistance. This study lays the foundation for using GMR SV sensors as a platform for real-time, quantitative detection of protease activity in biological fluids.
Transfrontier Conservation Areas and Human-Wildlife Conflict: The Case of the Namibian Component of the Kavango-Zambezi (KAZA) TFCA
Authors: Stoldt Mirja , Göttert Thomas , Mann Carsten , Zeller Ulrich
Published: May 2020

Our study deals with human-wildlife conflicts in the Namibian component of the Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area (KAZA TFCA). The study reconstructs the historical occurrence of selected mammal species and adopts a socio-ecological approach to assess the impact of human dimensions in the KAZA TFCA. Our results reveal pronounced human–wildlife conflicts with considerable impacts on the livelihoods of communities. Human–wildlife conflict has the potential to become a significant contributor to the failure of the TFCA concept. Conflicts are influenced by a growing human population and large mammal species re-colonising formerly abandoned areas. Mapping the occurrence of selected mammal species over time reveals an interesting picture: although conservation initiatives have led to an increase in the population size of selected species, their occurrence is more restricted than in times of heavily decimated wildlife populations. The increasing restriction of wildlife to protected areas reduces the resilience of the ecosystem. To sustainably manage and conserve wildlife populations, a bigger picture including areas outside of the current borders of KAZA TFCA should be considered. This could support re-connecting ecologically important areas for congested populations to move to and reduces the concentration of wildlife and pressure on the land and people of the region.
The brain tracks auditory rhythm predictability independent of selective attention
Authors: Foldal Maja D. , Blenkmann Alejandro O. , Llorens Anaïs , Knight Robert T. , Solbakk Anne-Kristin , Endestad Tor
Published: May 2020

The brain responds to violations of expected rhythms, due to extraction- and prediction of the temporal structure in auditory input. Yet, it is unknown how probability of rhythm violations affects the overall rhythm predictability. Another unresolved question is whether predictive processes are independent of attention processes. In this study, EEG was recorded while subjects listened to rhythmic sequences. Predictability was manipulated by changing the stimulus-onset-asynchrony (SOA deviants) for given tones in the rhythm. When SOA deviants were inserted rarely, predictability remained high, whereas predictability was lower with more frequent SOA deviants. Dichotic tone-presentation allowed for independent manipulation of attention, as specific tones of the rhythm were presented to separate ears. Attention was manipulated by instructing subjects to attend to tones in one ear only, while keeping the rhythmic structure of tones constant. The analyses of event-related potentials revealed an attenuated N1 for tones when rhythm predictability was high, while the N1 was enhanced by attention to tones. Bayesian statistics revealed no interaction between predictability and attention. A right-lateralization of attention effects, but not predictability effects, suggested potentially different cortical processes. This is the first study to show that probability of rhythm violation influences rhythm predictability, independent of attention.
Superparamagnetic iron oxide as a tracer for sentinel lymph node detection in uterine cancer: a pilot study
Authors: Murakami Kosuke , Kotani Yasushi , Suzuki Ayako , Takaya Hisamitsu , Nakai Hidekatsu , Matsuki Mitsuru , Sato Takao , Mandai Masaki , Matsumura Noriomi
Published: May 2020

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping using dye or radioisotopes has been performed in patients with uterine cancer. Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) can be handled safely and is taken up by lymph nodes (LNs); however, its efficacy in detecting SLNs in uterine cancer remains unknown. This pilot study evaluated the use of SPIO as a tracer for SLN detection in patients with uterine cancer. SPIO was injected into the uterine cervixes of 15 patients with uterine cancer scheduled for pelvic LN dissection. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed preoperatively. Five patients also underwent radioisotope injection and single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography. Dissected LNs were stained with iron and examined pathologically. Of the radioisotope-positive LNs, 92% were also SPIO/MRI-positive. SPIO/MRI and iron staining were positively correlated. SLNs were identified by iron staining in 93% of cases. Iron staining was strongly positive in two of the five areas of LN metastasis; these were considered SLNs. Staining was negative or very weak in the other three areas and lymph flow disturbance was considered. SPIO and radioisotopes are taken up similarly by SLNs. SPIO/MRI and iron staining may thus be useful for detection of SLNs and diagnosis of LN metastasis in patients with uterine cancer.
Author Correction: Strontium ranelate promotes odonto-/osteogenic differentiation/mineralization of dental papillae cells in vitro and mineralized tissue formation of the dental pulp in vivo
Authors: Bakhit Alamuddin , Kawashima Nobuyuki , Hashimoto Kentaro , Noda Sonoko , Nara Keisuke , Kuramoto Masashi , Tazawa Kento , Okiji Takashi
Published: May 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Light organ photosensitivity in deep-sea shrimp may suggest a novel role in counterillumination
Authors: Bracken-Grissom Heather D. , DeLeo Danielle M. , Porter Megan L. , Iwanicki Tom , Sickles Jamie , Frank Tamara M.
Published: May 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Generation and evaluation of artificial mental health records for Natural Language Processing
Authors: Ive Julia , Viani Natalia , Kam Joyce , Yin Lucia , Verma Somain , Puntis Stephen , Cardinal Rudolf N. , Roberts Angus , Stewart Robert , Velupillai Sumithra
Published: May 2020

A serious obstacle to the development of Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods in the clinical domain is the accessibility of textual data. The mental health domain is particularly challenging, partly because clinical documentation relies heavily on free text that is difficult to de-identify completely. This problem could be tackled by using artificial medical data. In this work, we present an approach to generate artificial clinical documents. We apply this approach to discharge summaries from a large mental healthcare provider and discharge summaries from an intensive care unit. We perform an extensive intrinsic evaluation where we (1) apply several measures of text preservation; (2) measure how much the model memorises training data; and (3) estimate clinical validity of the generated text based on a human evaluation task. Furthermore, we perform an extrinsic evaluation by studying the impact of using artificial text in a downstream NLP text classification task. We found that using this artificial data as training data can lead to classification results that are comparable to the original results. Additionally, using only a small amount of information from the original data to condition the generation of the artificial data is successful, which holds promise for reducing the risk of these artificial data retaining rare information from the original data. This is an important finding for our long-term goal of being able to generate artificial clinical data that can be released to the wider research community and accelerate advances in developing computational methods that use healthcare data.
Real-time monitoring of live mycobacteria with a microfluidic acoustic-Raman platform
Authors: Baron Vincent O. , Chen Mingzhou , Hammarstrom Björn , Hammond Robert J. H. , Glynne-Jones Peter , Gillespie Stephen H. , Dholakia Kishan
Published: May 2020

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Lipid rich, phenotypically antibiotic tolerant, bacteria are more resistant to antibiotics and may be responsible for relapse and the need for long-term TB treatment. We present a microfluidic system that acoustically traps live mycobacteria, M. smegmatis, a model organism for M. tuberculosis. We then perform optical analysis in the form of wavelength modulated Raman spectroscopy (WMRS) on the trapped M. smegmatis for up to eight hours, and also in the presence of isoniazid (INH). The Raman fingerprints of M. smegmatis exposed to INH change substantially in comparison to the unstressed condition. Our work provides a real-time assessment of the impact of INH on the increase of lipids in these mycobacteria, which could render the cells more tolerant to antibiotics. This microfluidic platform may be used to study any microorganism and to dynamically monitor its response to different conditions and stimuli.
Core–shell structured catalysts for thermocatalytic, photocatalytic, and electrocatalytic conversion of CO2
Authors: Das Sonali , Pérez-Ramírez Javier , Gong Jinlong , Dewangan Nikita , Hidajat Kus , Gates Bruce C. , Kawi Sibudjing
Published: May 2020

An in-depth assessment of properties of core–shell catalysts and their application in the thermocatalytic, photocatalytic, and electrocatalytic conversion of CO2into synthesis gas and valuable hydrocarbons.
Origin of extra capacity in the solid electrolyte interphase near high-capacity iron carbide anodes for Li ion batteries
Authors: Chen Dongjiang , Feng Chao , Han Yupei , Yu Bo , Chen Wei , Zhou Ziqi , Chen Ning , Goodenough John B. , He Weidong
Published: May 2020

Both organic and inorganic ingredients in SEI undergo reversible conversions and contribute capacity enhancement with the catalysis of Fe3C.
Colloidal crystallites under external oscillation
Authors: Kakoty Hreedish , Huang Yunhu , Banerjee Rajarshi , Dasgupta Chandan , Ghosh Ambarish
Published: May 2020

We study the two-dimensional assemblies of interacting colloidal particles in a loosely focussed optical trap.
Characterization of intermolecular G-quadruplex formation over intramolecular G-triplex for DNA containing three G-tracts
Authors: Zhang Qingqing , Yang Tong , Zheng Guoxiang , Gao Heng , Yan Chenxiao , Zheng Xiong , Zhou Xiaoshun , Shao Yong
Published: May 2020

A guanine-rich sequence containing three G-tracts adopts a tetramolecular G-quadruplex structure (4erG4) rather than G-triplex (G3) folding.
Detergent-free extraction, reconstitution and characterization of membrane-anchored cytochrome-b5 in native lipids
Authors: Krishnarjuna Bankala , Ravula Thirupathi , Ramamoorthy Ayyalusamy
Published: May 2020

Directly extracted membrane proteins are stable and suitable for functional and high-resolution structural studies; however, the efficacy is modulated by the net charge of the target protein and the polymer used at a given pH.
Is Cu(iii) a necessary intermediate in Cu-mediated coupling reactions? A mechanistic point of view
Authors: Li Shi-Jun , Lan Yu
Published: May 2020

The different pathways have been summarized to disclose the key intermediate in copper-mediated coupling reactions.
Organocatalytic enantioselective allylic alkylation of α-aryl γ-lactones: an approach to densely functionalized quaternary stereocentres
Authors: Mando Morgane , Grellepois Fabienne , Riguet Emmanuel
Published: May 2020

The asymmetric allylic alkylation of α-aryl γ-lactones involving the activation of Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates by an original chiral Lewis base is reported.
A thermoresponsive fluorophore based on a photochromic diarylethene having donor–acceptor moieties
Authors: Takeuchi Sakiko , Nakagawa Tetsuya , Yokoyama Yasushi
Published: May 2020

A thermoresponsive dual fluorescence has been generated from a photochromic diarylethene having donor–acceptor moieties.
Grafting multi-maleimides on antisense oligonucleotide to enhance its cellular uptake and gene silencing capability
Authors: Guo Yuanyuan , Zhang Jiao , Pan Gaifang , Choi Chung Hang Jonathan , Wang Ping , Li Yuehua , Zhu Xinyuan , Zhang Chuan
Published: May 2020

Grafting multi-maleimides on antisense oligonucleotide enables its click conjugation to membrane proteins, inducing promoted non-endocytic cell internalization and gene knockdown.
Controlled supramolecular polymerization of π-systems
Authors: Ghosh Goutam , Dey Pradip , Ghosh Suhrit
Published: May 2020

Externally-initiated controlled supramolecular polymerization of the kinetically trapped aggregated state in a chain growth mechanism can produce well-defined living supramolecular polymers and copolymers.