bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Manning’s n Roughness Coefficient in Arid Environments by Using SAR Backscatter
Authors: Sadeh Yuval , Cohen Hai , Maman Shimrit , Blumberg Dan G.
Published: September 2018

The prediction of arid region flash floods (magnitude and frequency) is essential to ensure the safety of human life and infrastructures and is commonly based on hydrological models. Traditionally, catchment characteristics are extracted using point-based measurements. A considerable improvement of point-based observations is offered by remote sensing technologies, which enables the determination of continuous spatial hydrological parameters and variables, such as surface roughness, which significantly influence runoff velocity and depth. Hydrological models commonly express the surface roughness using Manning’s roughness coefficient (n) as a key variable. The objectives were thus to determine surface roughness by exploiting a new high spatial resolution spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technology and to examine the correlation between radar backscatter and Manning’s roughness coefficient in an arid environment. A very strong correlation (R2 = 0.97) was found between the constellation of small satellites for Mediterranean basin observation (COSMO)-SkyMed SAR backscatter and surface roughness. The results of this research demonstrate the feasibility of using an X-band spaceborne sensor with high spatial resolution for the evaluation of surface roughness in flat arid environments. The innovative method proposed to evaluate Manning’s n roughness coefficient in arid environments with sparse vegetation cover using radar backscatter may lead to improvements in the performance of hydrological models.
Perceived Social Networks and Newborn Health: Evidence from Self-Help Group Communities in Northern India
Authors: Ruducha Jenny , Huang Xinran , Potter James , Hariharan Divya , Ahmad Danish , Kumar Sampath , Mohanan P. S. , Hazra Avishek
Published: September 2018

The limitations of individual level interventions in changing behaviors to improve global maternal, newborn and child health have generated more interest in the patterns of social influence and decision making embedded in families, friends and communities. The purpose of this study is to expand the understanding of village dynamics in India and how first degree social and advice networks and cognitive perceptions of 185 recently delivered women (RDW) in areas with and without women’s Self-Help Groups (SHGs) affect immediate breastfeeding. Data was collected in 6 blocks and 36 villages in Uttar Pradesh, India. The expansion of RDW’s social worlds and creation of social capital through the organization of Self-Help Groups in their villages allowed us to examine basic relationships and advice formation as well as perceptions of interconnectedness of known groups. RDW living in SHG villages and blocks had consistently higher numbers of relationship ties, health advice ties and higher density of health advice networks than RDW living in the non-SHG areas. RDW’s perceived knowing ties were also significantly higher between family and health workers in the SHG areas with related higher immediate breastfeeding rates. These results suggest that SHGs can accelerate community social capital and promote more accountability in the health system to engage with families and support the change from traditional to more evidence-based health practices.
Do High-Performance Work Systems Really Satisfy Employees? Evidence from China
Authors: Chang Po-Chien , Wu Ting , Liu Chen-Lin
Published: September 2018

Our study aims to examine the outcomes of Western-based high-performance work systems (HPWS) from two separate workplace events (job discretion and work intensification) in a Chinese context. Based on Affective Events Theory (AET), employee reactions and job satisfaction may vary depending on their working environment. We applied hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) to analyze data collected from 34 human resources managers and 354 employees working in the Chinese manufacturing and service industries. Our study demonstrates that workplace events based on HPWS may influence employees’ feelings and job satisfaction. Job discretion makes employees feel positive and increases their job satisfaction while work intensification is seen as negative by employees and reduces their job satisfaction. However, results also show that HPWS fail to bring increased satisfaction to employees due to job discretion. This study supports previous studies that not all HPWS may lead to positive outcomes when internal stakeholders’ well-being is not considered. Without considering long-term investment in employees, it is challenging for organizations to maintain their competitiveness and meet their goals. Further research is suggested to include more study of different contexts and time frames while examining the outcomes of HPWS.
Exploring Sustainability Environment Educational Design and Learning Effect Evaluation through Migration Theory: An Example of Environment Educational Serious Games
Authors: Su Chung-Ho
Published: September 2018

Changes in the way people use information come from the concept of the most primitive human migration rule. Scholars hold that migration can be considered as a switching of people’s place of residence, but the migration of people is not limited to the migration of residence. The marketing field also borrows the population migration theory to further explore the switching behavior of customers; educationalists also discuss migration of learning through migration theory. In this regard, the migration of human beings is a process of historical evolution, though it takes several decades to understand history from the perspective of such evolution. Hence, if there is a decision-making system that simulates evolution and estimation through 3D graphics, then players may better understand the impact of environmental migration and changes on humanity. This study adopts Push-Pull-Mooring (PPM) theory to explain the migration of human beings. Push is generated from people’s dissatisfaction with their place of residence, Pull is from attractions of the new environment, and personal mooring produces the intention of switching. A set of Gamification Environmental Education Applications (GEEA) and a migration scale for such apps are developed herein to explain the state where computer gamers switch to mobile app games. The results show that all four hypotheses are supported, and the path coefficient of each hypothesis is highly significant. The R2 values of five intrinsic constructs are Push (R2 = 0.321), Mooring (R2 = 0.574), Pull (R2 = 0.413), Switching intention (SI) (R2 = 0.552), and SB (R2 = 0.626), where the R2 value of SB is quite high, indicating that the relationship between the switching behavior (SB) and the four precursors exhibits great explanatory power. Hence, the explanatory power of this model is convincing, and the teaching materials designed through gamification education deliver better learning outcomes.
Mixed Intercropping of Wheat and White Clover to Enhance the Sustainability of the Conventional Cropping System: Effects on Biomass Production and Leaching of Mineral Nitrogen
Authors: Kintl Antonín , Elbl Jakub , Lošák Tomáš , Vaverková Magdalena Daria , Nedělník Jan
Published: September 2018

The main goal of our research was to compare the mixed intercropping (MC) of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) and white clover (Trifolium repens) with the sole cropping of Triticum aestivum, during two growing seasons (2012–2014), in a lysimetric experiment. We aimed to investigate the effect of the above growing system on total biomass production, grain yield and leaching of mineral nitrogen (Nmin). Four variants of intercropping (0 kg N/ha; 112 kg N/ha; 112 kg N/ha + 1.25 L of humic acids/ha; 70 kg N + 0.65 L of humic acids/ha) and two variants of sole cropping (0 kg N/ha; 140 kg N/ha) were used. Research results showed a good potential for growing wheat in the mixed cropping system without any negative effect on grain and total biomass production. No significant differences were found between the variants where winter wheat was grown with white clover (70 and 112 kg N/ha), and variants with sole wheat (140 kg N/ha), in both years of the experiment. The loss of Nmin from the soil was affected by the application of N fertilizer and mixed intercropping system. During the experiment, the loss of Nmin was higher by 20% in the variant using the sole winter wheat (140 kg N/ha), than in the MC variants.
Evaluation and Countermeasures of the Implementation of the Lake Protection and Governance System in Wuhan City, Middle China
Authors: Yan Jingjing , Shi Wei , Li Fei
Published: September 2018

The protection and management of lakes is closely related to people’s quality of life and the rapid development of urban economy, and it is also an important aspect of realizing ecological sustainability. Hubei Province has over 1000 lakes, so the importance of the protection and governance of lakes is self-evident. Since the Lake Protection Regulations of Hubei Province came into being, Hubei Province has achieved the gradual extension and improvement of the system of responsibility for the protection of the lake. In order to understand the development of the system of responsibility for the protection of the lake and to explore the shortcomings in the implementation of the lake management system, this paper takes Wuhan city, capital of Hubei Province, as an example, as the object of research and evaluates the implementation effect of the lake protection mechanism and system after the promulgation of Hubei Province Lake Protection Regulations. According to the evaluation results, since the implementation of the regulations, the formal protection of lakes in Wuhan city has been promoted step by step, and the effect of lake management has also been remarkable. The government attaches great importance to lake protection, and the enthusiasm of government staff participating in this is increasing. However, the evaluation results also reveal some weaknesses of the current system of lake protection and governance, including the protection of lake quality, the perfection of the annual appraisal system and the administrative responsibility system, and the optimization of the lake garbage disposal system. On the basis of the results, this paper puts forward countermeasures and ideas to perfect the mechanism and system of lake protection and management in Wuhan city, in order to provide reference for the lake protection and management in other areas.
(Gravitational) Vacuum Cherenkov Radiation
Authors: Schreck Marco
Published: September 2018

This work reviews our current understanding of Cherenkov-type processes in vacuum that may occur due to a possible violation of Lorentz invariance. The description of Lorentz violation is based on the Standard Model Extension (SME). To get an overview as general as possible, the most important findings for vacuum Cherenkov radiation in Minkowski spacetime are discussed. After doing so, special emphasis is put on gravitational Cherenkov radiation. For a better understanding, the essential properties of the gravitational SME are recalled in this context. The common grounds and differences of vacuum Cherenkov radiation in Minkowski spacetime and in the gravity sector are emphasized.
On the Classification of Bol-Moufang Type of Some Varieties of Quasi Neutrosophic Triplet Loop (Fenyves BCI-Algebras)
Authors: Jaíyéọlá Tèmítọ́pẹ́ Gbọ́láhàn , Ilojide Emmanuel , Olatinwo Memudu Olaposi , Smarandache Florentin
Published: September 2018

In this paper, Bol-Moufang types of a particular quasi neutrosophic triplet loop (BCI-algebra), chritened Fenyves BCI-algebras are introduced and studied. 60 Fenyves BCI-algebras are introduced and classified. Amongst these 60 classes of algebras, 46 are found to be associative and 14 are found to be non-associative. The 46 associative algebras are shown to be Boolean groups. Moreover, necessary and sufficient conditions for 13 non-associative algebras to be associative are also obtained: p-semisimplicity is found to be necessary and sufficient for a F 3 , F 5 , F 42 and F 55 algebras to be associative while quasi-associativity is found to be necessary and sufficient for F 19 , F 52 , F 56 and F 59 algebras to be associative. Two pairs of the 14 non-associative algebras are found to be equivalent to associativity ( F 52 and F 55 , and F 55 and F 59 ). Every BCI-algebra is naturally an F 54 BCI-algebra. The work is concluded with recommendations based on comparison between the behaviour of identities of Bol-Moufang (Fenyves’ identities) in quasigroups and loops and their behaviour in BCI-algebra. It is concluded that results of this work are an initiation into the study of the classification of finite Fenyves’ quasi neutrosophic triplet loops (FQNTLs) just like various types of finite loops have been classified. This research work has opened a new area of research finding in BCI-algebras, vis-a-vis the emergence of 540 varieties of Bol-Moufang type quasi neutrosophic triplet loops. A ‘Cycle of Algebraic Structures’ which portrays this fact is provided.
Delayed Oral LY333013 Rescues Mice from Highly Neurotoxic, Lethal Doses of Papuan Taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus) Venom
Authors: Lewin Matthew , Gutiérrez José , Samuel Stephen , Herrera María , Bryan-Quirós Wendy , Lomonte Bruno , Bickler Philip , Bulfone Tommaso , Williams David
Published: September 2018

There is an unmet need for economical snakebite therapies with long shelf lives that are effective even with delays in treatment. The orally bioavailable, heat-stable, secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) inhibitor, LY333013, demonstrates antidotal characteristics for severe snakebite envenoming in both field and hospital use. A murine model of lethal envenoming by a Papuan taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus) demonstrates that LY333013, even with delayed oral administration, improves the chances of survival. Furthermore, LY333013 improves the performance of antivenom even after it no longer reverses neurotoxic signs. Our study is the first demonstration that neurotoxicity from presynaptic venom sPLA2S can be treated successfully, even after the window of therapeutic antivenom has closed. These results suggest that sPLA2 inhibitors have the potential to reduce death and disability and should be considered for the initial and adjunct treatment of snakebite envenoming. The scope and capacity of the sPLA2 inhibitors ability to achieve these endpoints requires further investigation and development efforts.
Immunogenicity of a Bivalent Non-Purified Recombinant Vaccine against Botulism in Cattle
Authors: Moreira Clóvis , Ferreira Marcos R. A. , Da Cunha Carlos E. P. , Donassolo Rafael A. , Finger Paula F. , Moreira Gustavo M. S. G. , Otaka Denis Y. , De Sousa Loise A. , Barbosa José D. , Moreira Ângela N. , Salvarani Felipe M. , Conceição Fabricio R.
Published: September 2018

Botulism is a potentially fatal intoxication caused by botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) produced mainly by Clostridium botulinum. Vaccination against BoNT serotypes C and D is the main procedure to control cattle botulism. Current vaccines contain formaldehyde-inactivated native BoNTs, which have a time-consuming production process and pose safety risks. The development of non-toxic recombinant vaccines has helped to overcome these limitations. This study aims to evaluate the humoral immune response generated by cattle immunized with non-purified recombinant fragments of BoNTs C and D. Cattle were vaccinated in a two-dose scheme with 100, 200 and 400 µg of each antigen, with serum sampling on days 0, 56, 120, and 180 after vaccination. Animals who received either 200 or 400 μg of both antigens induced titers higher than the minimum required by the Brazilian ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply and achieved 100% (8/8) seroconversion rate. Animals vaccinated with commercial toxoid vaccine had only a 75% (6/8) seroconversion rate for both toxins. Animals that received doses containing 400 µg of recombinant protein were the only ones to maintain titers above the required level up until day 120 post-vaccination, and to achieve 100% (8/8) seroconversion for both toxins. In conclusion, 400 µg the recombinant Escherichia coli cell lysates supernatant was demonstrated to be an affordable means of producing an effective and safe botulism vaccine for cattle.
The Interplay between Human Cytomegalovirus and Pathogen Recognition Receptor Signaling
Authors: Marques Mariana , Ferreira Ana Rita , Ribeiro Daniela
Published: September 2018

The cellular antiviral innate immune response is triggered upon recognition of specific viral components by a set of the host’s cytoplasmic or membrane-bound receptors. This interaction induces specific signaling cascades that culminate with the production of interferons and the expression of interferon-stimulated genes and pro-inflammatory cytokines that act as antiviral factors, suppressing viral replication and restricting infection. Here, we review and discuss the different mechanisms by which each of these receptors is able to recognize and signal infection by the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), an important human pathogen mainly associated with severe brain defects in newborns and disabilities in immunocompromised individuals. We further present and discuss the many sophisticated strategies developed by HCMV to evade these different signaling mechanisms and counteract the cellular antiviral response, in order to support cell viability and sustain its slow replication cycle.
Pospiviroid Infection of Tomato Regulates the Expression of Genes Involved in Flower and Fruit Development
Authors: Aviña-Padilla Katia , Rivera-Bustamante Rafael , Kovalskaya Natalia Y. , Hammond Rosemarie W.
Published: September 2018

Viroids are unencapsidated, single-stranded, covalently-closed circular, highly structured, noncoding RNAs of 239–401 nucleotides that cause disease in several economically important crop plants. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Rutgers), symptoms of pospiviroid infection include stunting, reduced vigor, flower abortion, and reduced size and number of fruits, resulting in significant crop losses. Dramatic alterations in plant development triggered by viroid infection are the result of differential gene expression; in our study, we focused on the effect of tomato planta macho viroid (TPMVd) and Mexican papita viroid (MPVd) infection on gene networks associated with the regulation of flower and fruit development. The expression of several of the genes were previously reported to be affected by viroid infection, but two genes not previously studied were included. Changes in gene expression of SlBIGPETAL1 (bHLH transcription factor) and SlOVA6 (proline-like tRNA synthetase) are involved in petal morphology and fertility, respectively. Expression of SlOVA6 was down-regulated in flowers of TPMVd- and MPVd-infected plants, while expression of SlBIGPETAL1 was up-regulated in flowers. Up-regulation of SlBIGPETAL1 and down-regulation of SlOVA6 were positively correlated with symptoms such as reduced petal size and flower abortion. Expression analysis of additional tomato genes and a prediction of a global network association of genes involved in flower and fruit development and impacted by viroid infection may further elucidate the pathways underlying viroid pathogenicity.
Coupled Thermally-Enhanced Bioremediation and Renewable Energy Storage System: Conceptual Framework and Modeling Investigation
Authors: Moradi Ali , M. Smits Kathleen , O. Sharp Jonathan
Published: September 2018

This paper presents a novel method to couple an environmental bioremediation system with a subsurface renewable energy storage system. This method involves treating unsaturated contaminated soil using in-situ thermally enhanced bioremediation; the thermal system is powered by renewable energy. After remediation goals are achieved, the thermal system can then be used to store renewable energy in the form of heat in the subsurface for later use. This method can be used for enhanced treatment of environmental pollutants for which temperature is considered a limiting factor. For instance, this system can be used at a wide variety of petroleum-related sites that are likely contaminated with hydrocarbons such as oil refineries and facilities with above- and underground storage tanks. In this paper, a case-study example was analyzed using a previously developed numerical model of heat transfer in unsaturated soil. Results demonstrate that coupling energy storage and thermally-enhanced bioremediation systems offer an efficient and sustainable way to achieve desired temperature–moisture distribution in soil that will ultimately enhance the microbial activity.
Modelling Groundwater Flow with MIKE SHE Using Conventional Climate Data and Satellite Data as Model Forcing in Haihe Plain, China
Authors: Shu Yunqiao , Li Hongjun , Lei Yuping
Published: September 2018

In North China Plain, accurate spatial and temporal ET and precipitation pattern is very important in the groundwater resource assessment. This study demonstrated the potential for modelling ET and groundwater processes using remote sensing data for distributed hydrological modelling with MIKE SHE codes in the Haihe Plain, China. The model was successfully validated against independent groundwater level measurements following the calibration period and the model also provided a reasonable match of the lysimeter measurements of ET. The remote sensing data included ET derived from global radiation products of Fengyun-2C geostationary meteorological satellite (FY-2C) and FY-2C precipitation products. The comparisons show that precipitation is a critical factor for the hydrological response and for the spatial distribution of ET and groundwater flow. FY-2C precipitation products has a spatial resolution of about 11 km, which thus adds more spatial variability to the most important driving variable. The ET map based on FY-2C data has a higher spatial variability than that map based on conventional data, which are caused by higher resolution of ground information. The groundwater level changes in the aquifer system are shown in the quite different spatial patterns under two models, which is affected by the significant difference between two types of precipitation. In the Haihe Plain, accurate spatial and temporal ET pattern is very important in the groundwater resource assessment that determines the recharge to the saturated zone.
Assessing the Impact of Site-Specific BMPs Using a Spatially Explicit, Field-Scale SWAT Model with Edge-of-Field and Tile Hydrology and Water-Quality Data in the Eagle Creek Watershed, Ohio
Authors: Merriman Katherine R. , Daggupati Prasad , Srinivasan Raghavan , Toussant Chad , Russell Amy M. , Hayhurst Brett
Published: September 2018

The Eagle Creek watershed, a small subbasin (125 km2) within the Maumee River Basin, Ohio, was selected as a part of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) “Priority Watersheds” program to evaluate the effectiveness of agricultural Best Management Practices (BMPs) funded through GLRI at the field and watershed scales. The location and quantity of BMPs were obtained from the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Natural Resources Conservation Service National Conservation Planning (NCP) database. A Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was built and calibrated for this predominantly agricultural Eagle Creek watershed, incorporating NCP BMPs and monitoring data at the watershed outlet, an edge-of-field (EOF), and tile monitoring sites. Input air temperature modifications were required to induce simulated tile flow to match monitoring data. Calibration heavily incorporated tile monitoring data to correctly proportion surface and subsurface flow, but calibration statistics were unsatisfactory at the EOF and tile monitoring sites. At the watershed outlet, satisfactory to very good calibration statistics were achieved over a 2-year calibration period, and satisfactory statistics were found in the 2-year validation period. SWAT fixes parameters controlling nutrients primarily at the watershed level; a refinement of these parameters at a smaller-scale could improve field-level calibration. Field-scale modeling results indicate that filter strips (FS) are the most effective single BMPs at reducing dissolved reactive phosphorus, and FS typically decreased sediment and nutrient yields when added to any other BMP or BMP combination. Cover crops were the most effective single, in-field practice by reducing nutrient loads over winter months. Watershed-scale results indicate BMPs can reduce sediment and nutrients, but reductions due to NCP BMPs in the Eagle Creek watershed for all water-quality constituents were less than 10%. Hypothetical scenarios simulated with increased BMP acreages indicate larger investments of the appropriate BMP or BMP combination can decrease watershed level loads.
Statistical Tracing of Magnetic Fields: Comparing and Improving the Techniques
Authors: Yuen Ka Ho , Chen Junda , Hu Yue , Ho Ka Wai , Lazarian A. , Lazarian Victor , Yang Bo , Burkhart Blakesley , Correia Caio , Cho Jungyeon , Canto Bruno , Medeiros J. R. De
Published: September 2018

Magnetohydrodynamic turbulence displays velocity anisotropies that reflect the direction of the magnetic field. This anisotropy has led to the development of a number of statistical techniques for studying magnetic fields in the interstellar medium. In this paper, we review and compare three techniques that use radio position–position–velocity data to determine magnetic field strength and morphology: the correlation function anisotropy (CFA), principal component analysis of anisotropies (PCAA), and the more recent velocity gradient technique (VGT). We compare these three techniques and suggest improvements to the CFA and PCAA techniques to increase their accuracy and versatility. In particular, we suggest and successfully implement a much faster way to calculate nonperiodic correlation functions for the CFA. We discuss possible improvements to the current implementation of the PCAA. We show the advantages of the VGT in terms of magnetic field tracing and stress the complementary nature with the other two techniques.
Gas Perturbations in the Cool Cores of Galaxy Clusters: Effective Equation of State, Velocity Power Spectra, and Turbulent Heating
Authors: Zhuravleva Irina , Allen Steven W. , Mantz Adam , Werner Norbert
Published: September 2018

We present the statistical analysis of X-ray surface brightness and gas density fluctuations in the cool cores of 10 nearby, X-ray-bright galaxy clusters that have deep Chandra observations and show observational indications of radio-mechanical active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback. Within the central parts of the cool cores, the total variance of fluctuations is dominated by isobaric and/or isothermal fluctuations on spatial scales ∼10–60 kpc, which are likely associated with slow gas motions and bubbles of relativistic plasma. Adiabatic fluctuations, associated with weak shocks and/or sonic turbulence, constitute less than 10% of the total variance in all clusters. The typical amplitude of density fluctuations is small, ∼10% or less on scales of ∼10–15 kpc. The observed subdominant contribution of adiabatic fluctuations and the small amplitude of density fluctuations support a model of gentle AGN feedback. The measured one-component velocities of gas motions are typically below 100–150 km s−1 on scales <50 kpc and can be up to ∼300 km s−1 on ∼100 kpc scales. The nonthermal energy is <12% of the thermal energy. Regardless of the source that drives these motions, the dissipation of the energy in such motions provides heat that is sufficient to balance radiative cooling on average, albeit with significant uncertainties. The results presented here support previous conclusions based on the analysis of the Virgo and Perseus Clusters and agree with the Hitomi measurements. With next-generation observatories like Athena and Lynx, these techniques will be yet more powerful.
Noble Gas Abundance Ratios Indicate the Agglomeration of 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko from Warmed-up Ice
Authors: Mousis O. , Ronnet T. , Lunine J. I. , Luspay-Kuti A. , Mandt K. E. , Danger G. , Pauzat F. , Ellinger Y. , Wurz P. , Vernazza P. , Sergeant d’Hendecourt L. Le
Published: September 2018

The origin of cometary volatiles remains a major open question in planetary science. Comets may have either agglomerated from crystalline ices condensed in the protosolar nebula (PSN) or from amorphous ice originating from the molecular cloud and interstellar medium. Here, based on the recent argon, krypton, and xenon measurements performed by the ROSINA mass spectrometer on board the European Space Agency’s Rosetta spacecraft in the coma of 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, we show that these noble gas relative abundances can be explained if the comet’s building blocks formed from a mixture of gas and H2O grains resulting from the annealing of pristine amorphous ice (i.e., originating from the presolar cloud) in the PSN. In this scenario, the different volatiles released during the amorphous-to-crystalline ice phase transition would have been subsequently trapped at lower temperatures in stoichiometric hydrate or clathrate hydrate forms by the crystalline water ice generated by the transition. Once crystalline water was completely consumed by clathration in the ∼25–80 K temperature range, the volatile species remaining in the gas phase would have formed pure condensates at lower temperatures. The formation of clathrates hydrates and pure condensates to explain the noble gas relative abundances is consistent with a proposed interstellar origin of molecular oxygen detected in 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, and with the measured molecular nitrogen depletion in comets.
Preoperative Oral Pregabalin Reduces Acute Pain after Thoracotomy
Authors: Sattari Hossein , Hashemian Morteza , Lashkarizadeh Mohammad Reza , Jalalifard Hamid
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND: Nowadays pain control is one of the most important challenges for physicians, surgeons and anesthesiologists. New drugs and procedures to control pain have always been a major topic for researches.
AIM: In this study, we evaluated the effects of preoperative pregabalin administration on relieving postoperative pain after thoracotomy surgery.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is a randomised, double-blind clinical trial, performed on 60 patients who underwent thoracotomy at Afzalipour hospital in Kerman, Iran. They were divided into case and control groups. Two hours before surgery an oral capsule of 300 mg pregabalin or placebo was given to patients. All patients similarly underwent general anaesthesia. Pain, nausea and vomiting were evaluated based on the visual analogue scale (VAS) and frequency. This study was verified and obtained the ethics committee code of K/92/489 from Kerman University of Medical Sciences.
RESULTS: The average age of the pregabalin group was 39.7 ± 5.8 years and the control group 41.3 ± 6.1 years. The average pain score after regaining consciousness was 6.1 ± 0.2 in the case group and 7.9 ± 0.1 in the control group, and there was a significant difference between the 2 groups (p-value = 0.002). In the control group, 2 patients and the intervention group 3 patients, experienced nausea and vomiting. There was a significant difference between the overall average pethidine consumption and the average visual analogue scale in both groups.
CONCLUSION: Pregabalin administration before thoracotomy is effective to reduce postoperative pain in patients. More research is needed to determine the optimal dose of pregabalin for preoperative administration.
Study of Radial Nerve Injury Caused By Gunshot Wounds and Explosive Injuries among Iraqi Soldiers
Authors: Akhavan-Sigari Reza , Mielke Dorothee , Farhadi Afshin , Rohde Veit
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND: Gunshot wounds and blast injuries to the upper limbs produce complex wounds requiring management by multiple surgical specialities.
AIM: We sought to determine the pattern of peripheral nerve injuries among Iraqi soldiers in the war.
METHODS: We performed a 3 year retrospective cohort analysis based on medical records of patients with sustaining gunshot wounds and blast injuries to the upper limbs. Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional review board. The patients included were male, serving military personnel of all age groups and ranks presenting with weakness or sensory loss of radial nerve. Three hundred eighteen patients aged 24 years or older with a high-energy, diaphyseal fracture of the humerus and complete motor and sensory radial nerve palsy were reviewed retrospectively. In these patients, the physical examination and electrodiagnostic study were carried out by experienced neurologists. Seddon's classification system was used to assess the severity of the injury. The data related to the types of fracture, the type of damage, the factors causing damage and the failure of treatment were entered into the IBM SPSS 23 software after extraction of files. Based on mid-range indicators and data distribution, traumatic injuries among Iraqi soldiers in the war against ISIL were then investigated.
RESULTS: A group of 318 patients with mean age of 25.41 ± 6 years were enrolled in the study, of which 127 patients were included with an open fracture and 191 patients with closed lesions. All 127 patients with a transected radial nerve had an open humerus fracture and were part of a complex upper-extremity injury. 113 of 127 subjects had primary repair of the radial nerve and recovered well. 14 of 127 subjects were not recovered. 3 of them had iatrogenic radial nerve injury due to the internal fixation device. Furthermore, all 191 patients with closed injuries recovered well. The average time to initial signs of recovery was 8 weeks (range, 1–27 weeks). Axonotmesis and Neurotmesis were found in 283 (89%) subjects. The average time to full recovery was determined to be 6 months (range, 1–22 months). The blast was found to be the main cause of nerve injury in 236 (74.2%) cases, followed by gunshot damage (21.4%, 68 subjects), falling from height and motor vehicle accidents (4.4%, 14 subjects) and multiple injuries (17%, 54 cases).
CONCLUSIONS: Trauma caused by factors such as explosions and gunshot worsens the condition of the injuries and presents the treatment conditions with many challenges. However, the success rate in post-surgical recovery of humerus fracture and injured radial nerve can be remarkably higher in young people as compared to other age groups.
Critique de la religion, critique de l’économie, et retour
Authors: Balibar Étienne
Published: September 2018

Une violence généralisée semble coextensive à la mondialisation. La question se pose de savoir quels « croisements » engendrent la régression du politique en deçà des formes qui ont fait l’historicité des siècles passés. Il faut remettre en question le préjugé marxien d’un « achèvement » de la critique du religieux pour affronter le régime de constitution des corps comme corps symboliques et comme corps productifs, soumis à une double expropriation.
Pontifex Maximus versus Kkapitalismus. Laudato si : une encyclique antisystémique
Authors: Löwy Michael
Published: September 2018

L’élection du Pape François (Bergoglio) est un changement inattendu dans l’orientation de l’Église. Nous en prenons dans cet article pour preuve son encyclique « écologique » Laudato Si , qui dénonce l’actuel « système de relations commerciales et de propriété structurellement pervers » comme responsable des inégalités sociales et de la crise écologique.
La psychanalyse au pays des soviets
Authors: Gabarron-Garcia Florent
Published: September 2018

La doxa exégétique dresse souvent un portrait de Freud en éternel pessimiste et en critique du communisme. Or, en 1918, Freud plaide pour une psychanalyse populaire dont la vocation serait d’être prise en charge par l’État. Dans la séquence des révolutions socialistes qui suit, s’ouvrent dans cette perspective plusieurs policliniques privées. Mais c’est au pays des soviets que le vœu freudien se réalise le plus complètement, avec la mise en place d’un Institut psychanalytique d’État auquel est rattaché un home d’enfants. L’appui de Freud aux pratiques analytiques très politisées d’alors, y compris en Russie communiste, tout comme l’oubli relatif de cette historiographie, ouvrent une réévaluation critique de l’héritage freudien et de sa transmission dans ses rapports au politique.
La triade GRH-TIC-Management des connaissances : pour un travail d’exégèse du discours managérial
Authors: Dahmani Amira
Published: September 2018

Ce travail se propose d’étudier l’articulation en œuvre entre GRH et management des connaissances. Sa visée principale est de comprendre comment la GRH peut soutenir l’implémentation des projets de gestion des connaissances. Les résultats de l’étude qualitative menée au sein du secteur bancaire ont souligné que le management des connaissances est un défi à relever par la fonction ressources humaines. L’implication de la DRH en amont et en aval des projets de gestion des connaissances facilite l’identification, l’enrichissement et le partage des connaissances organisationnelles au sein des collectifs de travail.
De l’organisation citoyenne au marketing : le community organizing comme pratique de régulation de l’autonomie au sein des plateformes d’intermédiation numérique ?
Authors: Peirot Nicolas
Published: September 2018

Cet article propose une approche communicationnelle de l’instrumentalisation marketing du community organizing dans le cadre du Web 2.0. L’hypothèse principale est que le community organizing constitue un mode émergent de régulation de l’autonomie des utilisateurs pour les plateformes d’intermédiation numérique. Après avoir resitué la notion d’autonomie par rapport aux enjeux économiques des plateformes, nous soulignons les spécificités organisationnelles du community organizing . Cette approche nous conduit à présenter les résultats issus d’une enquête exploratoire. Ces derniers valident partiellement l’idée d’un community organizing comme une régulation autonome. Ils ouvrent la discussion quant à une instrumentalisation politique de ce modèle par les plateformes.
Communauté épistémique et dynamique d’innovation collaborative : l’innovation contrariée au sein des pôles de compétitivité
Authors: Aliouat Boualem , Thiaw Cheikh Abdou Lahad
Published: September 2018

Notre article s’inscrit dans un courant interactionniste de l’innovation en réseau que sous-tendent des facteurs de « communautarisme épistémique » favorables à l’innovation collaborative. Cette recherche mesure la propension des pôles de compétitivité à favoriser l’innovation entre parties prenantes en identifiant la présence d’une communauté épistémique dans le champ socio-sémantique de ces pôles. Une analyse du pôle « Solutions Communicantes Sécurisées » en région Paca, nous permet de mieux comprendre les ressorts de l’innovation collaborative reposant sur des dispositifs de réduction de la complexité de l’espace de collaboration, et des facteurs de convergence de visions, d’intentions, de comportements et de pratiques.
« Regards croisés ». Fonction du regard et narcissisme à l’adolescence
Authors: Makdessi Nathalie
Published: September 2018

On regarde pour voir, mais aussi pour penser, toucher, sentir, éprouver, désirer. À la puberté, le regard se charge d’émotions qui peuvent déborder l’adolescent. Il ne maîtrise pas l’effet que produit son image sur celui qui le regarde. Son corps qui se transforme est aliéné par le regard de l’autre, il doute de son image, et son narcissisme est mis à rude épreuve. C’est un temps de remaniement du narcissisme qui est un enjeu majeur à l’adolescence, pour soutenir une unité psychique et corporelle menacée et troublée. S’il se sent menacé par le regard de l’autre qui atteint son intégrité narcissique, l’adolescent peut réagir violemment. La révolte adolescente s’impose souvent comme une forme de restauration d’un narcissisme écorché. L’adolescent doit faire un choix entre rester dans l’idéal tout-puissant narcissique, ou trouver sa voie vers la subjectivation. La rencontre avec un psychanalyste peut être l’occasion pour lui de diriger son regard vers son intériorité, et de devenir l’auteur de son histoire.
Hypertrophies du narcissisme
Authors: Lauru Didier , Benoit Jean-Pierre
Published: September 2018

Le narcissisme occupe aujourd’hui une place plus importante qu’autrefois. L’observation clinique révèle qu’à côté des troubles liés aux défaillances narcissiques, nombreux sont les patients qui souffrent d’une hypertrophie narcissique. L’identité semble chercher une reconnaissance dans une hypertrophie du Moi qui s’appuie sur le Moi idéal plus que sur l’idéal du Moi souverain dans l’organisation névrotique. Une telle bascule favorise la constitution d’états dits limites. A l’adolescence, l’hypertrophie du narcissisme apparait comme une protection d’une identité fragilisée par les remaniements pubertaires.
La prescription d’activité physique par le médecin traitant : l’expérience de Biarritz Côte Basque Sport Santé
Authors: Bauduer Frédéric , Vanz Edson , Guillet Nicolas , Maurice Sylvie
Published: September 2018

Introduction : L’insuffisance d’activité physique (AP) constitue un problème de santé publique car elle est associée à un risque accru de maladies chroniques et de mortalité prématurée. Nous avons utilisé la prescription d’AP adaptée par le médecin généraliste et encadrée au niveau d’associations sportives pour lutter contre le manque d’AP. Méthodes : L’association Biarritz Côte Basque Sport Santé (BSS) a mis en place depuis mai 2015 une procédure de prescription d’AP sur ordonnance auprès de médecins généralistes volontaires à destination de leurs patients insuffisamment actifs indemnes de pathologie chronique patente. Les personnes sont soit adressées directement à une association sportive où ils sont pris en charge par un éducateur sportif formé, soit passent par le filtre préalable d’un éducateur médico-sportif de BSS qui procède à un entretien motivationnel et une évaluation physique afin de les orienter vers l’AP encadrée la plus adaptée. La prescription d’AP (parmi 15 disciplines) s’effectue pour une durée de 12 semaines au terme de laquelle une évaluation individuelle est pratiquée. Nous partageons ici cette expérience après l’engagement de 200 personnes. Résultats : Quatre-vingt-six médecins exerçant dans 17 communes de la côte basque ont participé à cette expérience. Deux cents personnes ont bénéficié d’une prescription d’AP (27 % d’hommes) d’âge moyen 54 ans (extrêmes : 18-80) ; 20 % des individus ont été directement dirigés par le médecin vers les associations concernées et 80 % sont passés par l’éducateur médico-sportif de BSS. La gymnastique aquatique constitue ici l’AP adoptée par le plus de participants (23 %). Le nombre des clubs adhérents est passé de 7 au début de l’expérience à 25 au moment de cette analyse. 28 éducateurs sportifs ont suivi le dispositif de formation pour accueillir nos participants. Au moment de l’évaluation, 138 sujets sont arrivés au terme de la période de 12 semaines. Parmi eux 90 % ont poursuivi une pratique d’AP auprès d’une association sportive. Discussion : Notre expérience suggère que la prescription d’AP par le médecin traitant auprès d’intervenants formés d’associations sportives est une procédure réalisable à destination des sujets avec insuffisance d’AP. Elle propose l’appui d’une structure intermédiaire, la cellule de BSS, qui permet l’évaluation et l’orientation vers une AP adaptée de chaque participant ainsi qu’un suivi d’observance. Le succès à long terme d’un tel dispositif reste cependant à évaluer.
Incidence et facteurs de risque de l’infection du site opératoire après césarienne dans une maternité de Tunisie
Authors: Merzougui Latifa , Marwen Nedia , Hannachi Hajer , Asma Massoudi , Ben Elhaj Olfa , Waddah Manssouri , Fatnassi Ridha
Published: September 2018

Objectifs : L’Infection du site opératoire (ISO) est l’une des complications les plus fréquentes après césarienne. Son incidence varie de 3 % à 15 %. Notre objectif était d’estimer l’incidence et de déterminer les facteurs de risque de l’ISO après césarienne dans la maternité universitaire de Kairouan. Méthodes : Étude prospective d’incidence incluant les patientes ayant eu une césarienne entre décembre 2015 et février 2016 à la maternité de Kairouan. Leurs états cliniques étaient surveillés activement (à la consultation externe, aux urgences et à défaut, elles étaient contactées par téléphones) durant les 30 jours postopératoire ; Un modèle de régression logistique multivariée était utilisé pour identifier les facteurs de risque indépendants. Résultats : Parmi les 714 patientes ayant eu une césarienne, 636 d’entre elles (89 %) ont pu être suivies jusqu’au 30 e  jour postopératoire. 32 cas d’ISO ont été diagnostiqués donnant une incidence globale de 5 % (IC95 % = 3,3 % ; 6,6 %). La densité d’incidence était de 1,73 pour 1 000 patientes-jour. La majorité des infections (87,5 %) étaient superficielles et 12,5 % ISO étaient de type organe/espace). L’âge a été identifié comme un facteur de risque indépendant de l’ISO (RR = 1,07 pour une augmentation d’un an, IC95 % = 1,007 ; 1,17) alors que le drainage a été identifié comme un facteur protecteur (RR = 0,16, IC95 % = (0,05 ; 0,48). Conclusion : Notre étude a permis d’identifier l’incidence et les facteurs de risque de l’ISO après césarienne. La prévention de ce type d’infection doit être l’une des priorités du système de santé.
L’état de santé psychique et le handicap des enfants confiés à l’Aide sociale à l’enfance des Bouches-du-Rhône
Authors: Hammoud Myriem , Prudhomme Johanne , Champsaur Laurence , Jego Maeva
Published: September 2018

Objectif : Décrire l’état de santé psychique et le handicap des enfants confiés à l’Aide sociale à l’enfance (ASE) dans les Bouches-du-Rhône (BDR). Méthodes : ESSPER-ASE13 (Étude de la santé somatique et psychique des enfants relevant de l’ASE des BDR) est une enquête descriptive transversale menée entre avril 2013 et avril 2014 auprès de 1 092 enfants âgés de moins de 18 ans à l’ASE des BDR, placés en maisons d’enfants à caractère social ou chez un assistant familial. Les données étudiées concernaient l’état de santé somatique, psychique, le handicap et les modalités du suivi médical des enfants. Cette étude analyse spécifiquement l’état de santé psychique et le handicap. Résultats : Les antécédents psychiatriques concernaient 22 % des enfants confiés. Ils étaient dominés par les troubles anxieux (44 %), les troubles du comportement (44 %), puis les troubles d’hyperactivité avec déficit de l’attention (16 %). Un enfant sur cinq bénéficiait d’une notification MDPH (Maison départementale des personnes handicapées). Les deux principaux types de handicap retrouvés étaient les troubles du développement psychologique (61 %) et les troubles du comportement et troubles émotionnels (20 %). Conclusion : La surreprésentation des pathologies psychiatriques et du handicap des enfants de l’ASE rend nécessaire une adaptation du dépistage et une optimisation de la coordination des soins de ces enfants.