bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microwave spectro-polarimetry of matter and radiation across space and time
Authors: Delabrouille Jacques , Abitbol Maximilian H. , Aghanim Nabila , Ali-Haïmoud Yacine , Alonso David , Alvarez Marcelo , Banday Anthony J. , Bartlett James G. , Baselmans Jochem , Basu Kaustuv , Battaglia Nicholas , Climent José Ramón Bermejo , Bernal José L. , Béthermin Matthieu , Bolliet Boris , Bonato Matteo , Bouchet François R. , Breysse Patrick C. , Burigana Carlo , Cai Zhen-Yi , Chluba Jens , Churazov Eugene , Dannerbauer Helmut , De Bernardis Paolo , De Zotti Gianfranco , Di Valentino Eleonora , Dimastrogiovanni Emanuela , Endo Akira , Erler Jens , Ferraro Simone , Finelli Fabio , Fixsen Dale , Hanany Shaul , Hart Luke , Hernández-Monteagudo Carlos , Hill J. Colin , Hotinli Selim C. , Karatsu Kenichi , Karkare Kirit , Keating Garrett K. , Khabibullin Ildar , Kogut Alan , Kohri Kazunori , Kovetz Ely D. , Lagache Guilaine , Lesgourgues Julien , Madhavacheril Mathew , Maffei Bruno , Mandolesi Nazzareno , Martins Carlos , Masi Silvia , Mather John , Melin Jean-Baptiste , Dizgah Azadeh Moradinezhad , Mroczkowski Tony , Mukherjee Suvodip , Nagai Daisuke , Negrello Mattia , Palanque-Delabrouille Nathalie , Paoletti Daniela , Patil Subodh P. , Piacentini Francesco , Raghunathan Srinivasan , Ravenni Andrea , Remazeilles Mathieu , Revéret Vincent , Rodriguez Louis , Rotti Aditya , Martin Jose-Alberto Rubiño , Sayers Jack , Scott Douglas , Silk Joseph , Silva Marta , Souradeep Tarun , Sugiyama Naonori , Sunyaev Rashid , Switzer Eric R. , Tartari Andrea , Trombetti Tiziana , Zubeldia Íñigo
Published: July 2021

This paper discusses the science case for a sensitive spectro-polarimetric survey of the microwave sky. Such a survey would provide a tomographic and dynamic census of the three-dimensional distribution of hot gas, velocity flows, early metals, dust, and mass distribution in the entire Hubble volume, exploit CMB temperature and polarisation anisotropies down to fundamental limits, and track energy injection and absorption into the radiation background across cosmic times by measuring spectral distortions of the CMB blackbody emission. In addition to its exceptional capability for cosmology and fundamental physics, such a survey would provide an unprecedented view of microwave emissions at sub-arcminute to few-arcminute angular resolution in hundreds of frequency channels, a data set that would be of immense legacy value for many branches of astrophysics. We propose that this survey be carried out with a large space mission featuring a broad-band polarised imager and a moderate resolution spectro-imager at the focus of a 3.5 m aperture telescope actively cooled to about 8K, complemented with absolutely-calibrated Fourier Transform Spectrometer modules observing at degree-scale angular resolution in the 10–2000 GHz frequency range. We propose two observing modes: a survey mode to map the entire sky as well as a few selected wide fields, and an observatory mode for deeper observations of regions of specific interest.
The Role of Vocal Affect in Persuasion: The CIVA Model
Authors: Vaughan-Johnston Thomas I. , Guyer Joshua J. , Fabrigar Leandre R. , Shen Charlie
Published: July 2021

Past research has largely focused on how emotional expressions provide information about the speaker’s emotional state, but has generally neglected vocal affect’s influence over communication effectiveness. This is surprising given that other nonverbal behaviors often influence communication between individuals. In the present theory paper, we develop a novel perspective called the Contextual Influences of Vocal Affect (CIVA) model to predict and explain the psychological processes by which vocal affect may influence communication through three broad categories of process: emotion origin/construal, changing emotions, and communication source inferences. We describe research that explores potential moderators (e.g., affective/cognitive message types, message intensity), and mechanisms (e.g., emotional assimilation, attributions, surprise) shaping the effects of vocally expressed emotions on communication. We discuss when and why emotions expressed through the voice can influence the effectiveness of communication. CIVA advances theoretical and applied psychology by providing a clear theoretical account of vocal affect’s diverse impacts on communication.
The motivational system of task values and anticipated emotions in daily academic behavior
Authors: Umarji Osman , McPartlan Peter , Moeller Julia , Li Qiujie , Shaffer Justin , Eccles Jacquelynne
Published: July 2021

This study integrates theories of achievement motivation and emotion to investigate daily academic behavior in an undergraduate online course. Using cluster analysis and hierarchical logistic regression, we analyze profiles of task values and anticipated emotions to understand expectations and completion of academic tasks over the duration of a week. Students’ task specific interest, opportunity cost, and anticipated satisfaction and regret varied across tasks and were predictive of both their expectations of task completion and actual task completion reported the following day. The results shed light on the important role of achievement motivation as situated and dynamic, highlighting the interplay between task priorities, task values, and anticipated emotions in academic task engagement.
Quality Management and Sustainable Development in Local Communes – Evidence from Poland
Authors: Jasiński Jakub , Żabiński Michał
Published: July 2021

Sustainable development is usually investigated from a global or national rather than a regional or local perspective. However, it is local communes that decide on the directions and dynamics of local development and on achieving the sustainable development goals. In the article, new insights are provided into how sustainable development can be further embedded into regional development practices by improving the management quality of local government units and through a contemporary approach to sustainable local development. The study attempts to show the relationship between the implementation of quality management methods by local governments, commune characteristics and sustainable development.
A fingerprint of a heterogeneous data set
Authors: Spallanzani Matteo , Mihaylov Gueorgui , Prato Marco , Fontana Roberto
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we describe the fingerprint method, a technique to classify bags of mixed-type measurements. The method was designed to solve a real-world industrial problem: classifying industrial plants (individuals at a higher level of organisation) starting from the measurements collected from their production lines (individuals at a lower level of organisation). In this specific application, the categorical information attached to the numerical measurements induced simple mixture-like structures on the global multivariate distributions associated with different classes. The fingerprint method is designed to compare the mixture components of a given test bag with the corresponding mixture components associated with the different classes, identifying the most similar generating distribution. When compared to other classification algorithms applied to several synthetic data sets and the original industrial data set, the proposed classifier showed remarkable improvements in performance.
MicroRNAs in Axial Spondylarthritis: an Overview of the Recent Progresses in the Field with a Focus on Ankylosing Spondylitis and Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Motta Francesca , Pederzani Andrea , Carena Maria Cristina , Ceribelli Angela , Wordsworth Paul B. , De Santis Maria , Selmi Carlo , Vecellio Matteo
Published: July 2021

Purpose of Review

To highlight the recent discoveries and lines of evidence on the role of microRNAs in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), focusing on their expression profiling and mechanisms of action.

Recent Findings

AS and PsA are chronic inflammatory musculoskeletal diseases with axial manifestations and represent an excellent model for studying microRNAs contribution to the disease pathogenesis, particularly through immunomodulation, inflammation, and bone remodelling, or their value as candidate diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.

MicroRNAs are single-stranded nucleotides able to regulate gene expression. They are a key component of the epigenetic machinery, involved in physiological and pathological processes. The contribution of microRNAs in AS and PsA (such as miR-29a in regulating bone metabolism) is highlighted by several works in the field but their utility as possible markers must be still confirmed, particularly in larger patients’ cohorts.
Systems biology and metabolic engineering of Rhodococcus for bioconversion and biosynthesis processes
Authors: Donini Eva , Firrincieli Andrea , Cappelletti Martina
Published: July 2021

Rhodococcus spp. strains are widespread in diverse natural and anthropized environments thanks to their high metabolic versatility, biodegradation activities, and unique adaptation capacities to several stress conditions such as the presence of toxic compounds and environmental fluctuations. Additionally, the capability of Rhodococcus spp. strains to produce high value-added products has received considerable attention, mostly in relation to lipid accumulation. In relation with this, several works carried out omic studies and genome comparative analyses to investigate the genetic and genomic basis of these anabolic capacities, frequently in association with the bioconversion of renewable resources and low-cost substrates into triacylglycerols. This review is focused on these omic analyses and the genetic and metabolic approaches used to improve the biosynthetic and bioconversion performance of Rhodococcus. In particular, this review summarizes the works that applied heterologous expression of specific genes and adaptive laboratory evolution approaches to manipulate anabolic performance. Furthermore, recent molecular toolkits for targeted genome editing as well as genome-based metabolic models are described here as novel and promising strategies for genome-scaled rational design of Rhodococcus cells for efficient biosynthetic processes application.
The Relationship Between the Gut Microbiome and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Zhu Xueling , Li Bo , Lou Pengcheng , Dai Tingting , Chen Yang , Zhuge Aoxiang , Yuan Yin , Li Lanjuan
Published: July 2021

Many recent studies have shown that the gut microbiome plays important roles in human physiology and pathology. Also, microbiome-based therapies have been used to improve health status and treat diseases. In addition, aging and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, have become topics of intense interest in biomedical research. Several researchers have explored the links between these topics to study the potential pathogenic or therapeutic effects of intestinal microbiota in disease. But the exact relationship between neurodegenerative diseases and gut microbiota remains unclear. As technology advances, new techniques for studying the microbiome will be developed and refined, and the relationship between diseases and gut microbiota will be revealed. This article summarizes the known interactions between the gut microbiome and neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting assay techniques for the gut microbiome, and we also discuss the potential therapeutic role of microbiome-based therapies in diseases.
Mako: A Graph-Based Pattern Growth Approach to Detect Complex Structural Variants
Authors: Lin Jiadong , Yang Xiaofei , Kosters Walter , Xu Tun , Jia Yanyan , Wang Songbo , Zhu Qihui , Ryan Mallory , Guo Li , Gerstein Mark B. , Sanders Ashley D. , Zody Micheal C. , Talkowski Michael E. , Mills Ryan E. , Korbel Jan O. , Marschall Tobias , Ebert Peter , Audano Peter A. , Rodriguez-Martin Bernardo , Porubsky David , Jan Bonder Marc , Sulovari Arvis , Ebler Jana , Zhou Weichen , Serra Mari Rebecca , Yilmaz Feyza , Zhao Xuefang , Hsieh PingHsun , Lee Joyce , Kumar Sushant , Rausch Tobias , Chen Yu , Chong Zechen , Munson Katherine M. , Chaisson Mark J.P. , Chen Junjie , Shi Xinghua , Wenger Aaron M. , Harvey William T. , Hansenfeld Patrick , Regier Allison , Hall Ira M. , Flicek Paul , Hastie Alex R. , Fairely Susan , Zhang Chengsheng ,   The Human Genome Structural Variation Consortium, Lee Charles , Devine Scott E. , Eichler Evan E. , Ye Kai
Published: July 2021

Complex structural variants (CSVs) are genomic alterations that have more than two breakpoints and are considered as the simultaneous occurrence of simple structural variants. However, detecting the compounded mutational signals of CSVs is challenging through a commonly used model-match strategy. As a result, there has been limited progress for CSV discovery compared with simple structural variants. Here, we systematically analyzed the multi-breakpoint connection feature of CSVs, and proposed Mako, utilizing a bottom-up guided model-free strategy, to detect CSVs from paired-end short-read sequencing. Specifically, we implemented a graph-based pattern growth approach, where the graph depicts potential breakpoint connections, and pattern growth enables CSV detection without pre-defined models. Comprehensive evaluations on both simulated and real datasets revealed that Mako outperformed other algorithms. Notably, validation rates of CSVs on real data based on experimental and computational validations as well as manual inspections are around 70%, where the medians of experimental and computational breakpoint shift are 13 bp and 26 bp, respectively. Moreover, the Mako CSV subgraph effectively characterized the breakpoint connections of a CSV event and uncovered a total of 15 CSV types, including two novel types of adjacent segment swap and tandem dispersed duplication. Further analysis of these CSVs also revealed the impact of sequence homology on the formation of CSVs. Mako is publicly available at https://github.com/xjtu-omics/Mako.
New Radiocarbon Constraints on the Global Cycling of Solid‐Phase Extractable Dissolved Organic Carbon
Authors: Lewis Christian B. , Walker Brett D. , Druffel Ellen R. M.
Published: July 2021

Radiocarbon (∆14C) measurements suggest the deep ocean stores marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on millennial timescales. The mechanisms that mediate this residence time remain unconstrained. Solid‐phase extraction (SPE) has emerged as a widely used technique to isolate DOC for subsequent analyses. We present SPE‐DOC concentrations and ∆14C values for three GO‐SHIP Repeat Hydrography transects, spanning the Pacific, Southern and Indian Oceans. Comparisons of SPE‐DOC with total DOC ∆14C values are used with an isotopic mass‐balance to estimate the size of the refractory DOC (RDOC) reservoir and changes in RDOC relative abundance in the global ocean. Estimated RDOC abundance is similar across the deep Pacific and Indian Oceans (average = 93 ± 5%, 35 ± 6 μM), whereas RDOC in the surface ocean varies as a function of total DOC concentration. Our results fill in spatial SPE‐DOC ∆14C sampling gaps for the global ocean, and our mass‐balance RDOC estimates are consistent with previous observations.
Southeast Indian Subantarctic Mode Water in the CMIP6 Coupled Models
Authors: Qiu Zishan , Wei Zexun , Nie Xunwei , Xu Tengfei
Published: July 2021

This study assesses the capability of 12 models in the Phase 6 of the Coupled Models Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) in simulating the Southeast Indian Subantarctic mode water (SEISAMW) by comparing to Argo observations. The results show that all of the analyzed CMIP6 coupled models can reproduce the SEISAMW and its seasonal cycle, albeit with discrepancies of formation region and properties among the models. The SEISAMW subduction rate shows significant interannual variability, which is primarily induced by lateral induction in these models, in agreement with observations. Furthermore, the longterm trends of the SEISAMW show volume loss in accordance with the descending trend of the subduction rate, which are co‐occurred with the ascending trend of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) indices in most of the analyzed CMIP6 models, similar to those in the CMIP3 and CMIP5 coupled models. Meanwhile, the potential density of the SEISAMWs show decreasing trends in these volume loss models, which could be explained by the warming (SAM0‐UNICON, CESM2‐WACCM, CAS‐ESM2‐0 and CIESM), the freshening (IPSL‐CM6A‐LR, CAMS‐CSM1‐0, MRI‐ESM2‐0, and FGOALS‐f3‐L) or the both (FIO‐ESM‐2‐0, E3SM‐1‐0, and CanESM5) trends of the SEISAMWs in different CMIP6 coupled models. Decreases in the projected subduction rate and volume of SEISAMW imply a slowdown of Southern Indian Ocean circulation in the future, reducing the heat and carbon transport from atmosphere to ocean interior contributed by SEISAMW.
Reversing Sahelian Droughts
Authors: Ricke Katharine , Ivanova Detelina , McKie Taylor , Rugenstein Maria
Published: July 2021

Earth system modeling of climate geoengineering proposals suggests that the physical outcomes of such interventions will depend on the particulars of the implementation. Here, we present a first attempt to “geoengineer” a well‐known teleconnection between sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and Sahelian precipitation. Using idealized earth system model simulations, we show that selectively cooling the Indian Ocean efficiently increases precipitation in the Sahel region, widening the seasonally migrating rainband over Africa. Applying the SST perturbations derived from the idealized experiments to observationally constrained historical ones, we find that our intervention can reverse conditions as extreme as the mid‐20th century Sahelian drought, albeit less efficiently than in the idealized simulations. Side effects include changes in the seasonal distribution of Sahelian precipitation and substantial precipitation reductions in sub‐Saharan East Africa. This work represents a proof‐of‐concept illustration of effects that might be expected with a tailored, regional approach to climate intervention.
Hydrological Effects on Seismic‐Noise Monitoring in Karstic Media
Authors: Almagro Vidal C. , Zaccarelli L. , Pintori F. , Bragato P. L. , Serpelloni E.
Published: July 2021

Fluctuations in groundwater content may produce surface deformation and affect the elastic properties of the Earth’s crust. In this study, we evaluate the temporal variations of the Earth’s crust elastic properties (in the form of relative seismic‐velocity variations) in a tectonically active region in Northern Italy characterized by the presence of karst systems. In this area, GPS measurements already revealed hydrologically‐induced deformation, modulated by changes in groundwater storage. We study the relation of our seismological observations with the geodetic and hydrological results and identify the effects of groundwater‐content variations in the seismic‐velocity perturbations. Our results show that hydrologically‐induced changes in karstic media produce significant seismic‐velocity perturbations, therefore its role in tectonic‐stress adjustment studies must not be ignored. Depth sensitivity analysis of our results constrain the crustal perturbations to range between 500 and 3,500 m depth. Results from scattering imaging locate the crustal perturbations along the main local karst systems.
Micromechanics of Sheared Granular Layers Activated by Fluid Pressurization
Authors: Nguyen Hien Nho Gia , Scholtès Luc , Guglielmi Yves , Donzé Frédéric Victor , Ouraga Zady , Souley Mountaka
Published: July 2021

Fluid pressurization of critically stressed sheared zones can trigger slip mechanisms at work in many geological processes. Using discrete element modeling, we simulate pore‐pressure‐step creep test experiments on a sheared granular layer under a sub‐critical stress state to investigate the micromechanical processes at stake during fluid induced reactivation. The global response is consistent with available experiments. The progressive increase of pore pressure promotes slow steady creep at sub‐critical stress states, and fast accelerated dynamic slip once the critical strength is overcome. Our multi‐scale analyses show that these two emergent behaviors correlate to characteristic deformation modes: diffuse deformation during creep, and highly localized deformation during rupture. Creep corresponds to bulk deformation while rupture results from grain rotations initiating from overpressure induced unlocking of contacts located within the shear band which, consequently, acts as a roller bearing for the surrounding bulk.
“Simpson's Law” and the Spectral Cancellation of Climate Feedbacks
Authors: Jeevanjee Nadir , Koll Daniel D. B. , Lutsko Nicholas
Published: July 2021

We spectrally resolve the conventional clear‐sky temperature and water vapor feedbacks in an idealized single‐column framework, and show that the well‐known partial compensation of these feedbacks is actually due to an almost perfect cancellation of the spectral feedbacks at wavenumbers where H2O is optically thick. This cancellation is a natural consequence of “Simpson's Law”, which says that H2O emission temperatures do not change with surface warming if relative humidity (RH) is fixed. We provide an explicit formulation and validation of Simpson's Law, and furthermore show that this spectral cancellation of feedbacks is naturally incorporated in the alternative RH‐based framework proposed by Held and Shell (2012, https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00721.1) and Ingram (2012, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jd017221, 2013b, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-012-1294-3), thus bolstering the case for switching from conventional to RH‐based feedbacks. We also find a negligible RH‐based clear‐sky lapse rate feedback, suggesting that the impact of changing lapse rates depends crucially on whether relative or specific humidity is held fixed.
Direct Evidence Reveals Transmitter Signal Propagation in the Magnetosphere
Authors: Gu Wenyao , Chen Lunjin , Xia Zhiyang , Horne Richard B.
Published: July 2021

Signals from very‐low‐frequency transmitters on the ground are known to induce energetic electron precipitation from the Earth's radiation belts. The effectiveness of this mechanism depends on the propagation characteristics of those signals in the magnetosphere, and in particular whether the signals are ducted or nonducted along channels of enhanced plasma density, analogous to optical fibers. Here we perform a statistical analysis of in‐situ waveform data collected by the Van Allen Probes satellites that shows that nonducted propagation dominates over ducted propagation in both the occurrence and intensity of the waves. Ray tracing confirms that the latitudinal distribution of wavevectors corresponds to nonducted as opposed to ducted propagation. Our results show the dominant mode of propagation needed to quantify transmitter‐induced precipitation and improve the forecast of electron radiation belt dynamics for the safe operation of satellites.
Progress in Unraveling Atmospheric New Particle Formation and Growth Across the Arctic
Authors: Schmale Julia , Baccarini Andrea
Published: July 2021

New particle formation (NPF) and growth can be an important source of cloud condensation nuclei for the Arctic atmosphere, where cloud formation is sensitive to their availability. Low‐level clouds influence the Arctic energy budget, and likely contribute to amplified Arctic warming. Molecular information of NPF is rarely reported, despite its importance to determine sources of condensing vapors and nucleation mechanisms. Beck et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gl091334) shed light on the complexity of NPF and growth at two Arctic locations. They reveal that chemical drivers and sources are diverse across the Arctic. This advance in knowledge calls for similar studies throughout all seasons and in various Arctic environments to obtain a more systematic understanding of NPF and growth.
Closure of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean in the Middle‐Late Triassic (Ladinian‐Carnian): Evidence From Provenance Analysis of Retroarc Sediments
Authors: Song Dongfang , Xiao Wenjiao , Windley Brian F. , Mao Qigui , Ao Songjian , Wang Hao Y. C. , Li Rui
Published: July 2021

A major current debate in Asian tectonics concerns the time of closure of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean (PAO) and the collision between the Central Asian arcs and the Tarim and North China cratons (NCC). This has led to much uncertainty about the reconstruction of proto‐Asia and tectonic configuration of northeast Pangea. Here we report Triassic provenance change in the foreland of the Alxa Block by field‐based zircon U‐Pb and Hf isotopic analysis. Nonmarine sediments, unconformable on or in fault contact, with the Alxa basement yield Precambrian and Paleozoic–Triassic detrital zircon ages with maximum depositional ages of Middle‐Late Triassic (∼244–224 Ma). Hf isotopic data indicate that Middle Triassic sandstones were sourced from the NCC basement and a continental arc, whereas Late Triassic sediments received an additional input from a juvenile arc. This provenance change in the foreland sedimentation indicates that the final closure of the PAO was in the Middle‐Late Triassic.
Record‐Low WNP Tropical Cyclone Activity in Early Summer 2020 due to Indian Ocean Warming and Madden‐Julian Oscillation Activity
Authors: Liu Chao , Zhang Wenjun , Jiang Feng , Stuecker Malte F. , Huang Zongci
Published: July 2021

During early boreal summer 2020, the western North Pacific (WNP) was characterized by record‐low tropical cyclone (TC) activity, reaching the lowest historical level since 1979. Only one short‐lived TC was observed in June and the whole of July underwent an unprecedented quiescent TC period. Concurrent Indian Ocean warming provided unfavorable conditions for cyclogenesis over the WNP, which partly (∼40%) explains the extremely low TC number from a statistical standpoint. Accompanied with the Indian Ocean warming, an unprecedentedly long‐lasting Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) event stalled over the Indian Ocean sector, persisting almost through the entire June and July. This simultaneous quasi‐stationary MJO activity further caused unfavorable background conditions for cyclogenesis in the WNP. The Indian Ocean warming combined with the anomalous MJO conditions together largely (>80%) explain the record‐low TC number over the WNP during early summer 2020.
First Results on E Region Irregularities From a 53 MHz Radar Experiment From Haringhata, India
Authors: Paul Ashik , Chaitanya P. Pavan , Patra A. K. , Nandakumar P. , Das Tanmay
Published: July 2021

We present the first results on E region field‐aligned irregularities (FAIs) observed using a 53 MHz radar experiment conducted from Ionosphere Field Station, Haringhata (geographic latitude 22.93°N; geographic longitude 88.5°E; magnetic dip angle 35.2°N) of University of Calcutta, a location just on the Tropic of Cancer and below the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly. Results show that the E region FAI echoes, which occur with signal intensity as high as 35 dB above noise, are mostly confined to altitudes of 90–120 km with daytime FAI being confined to 100 km. The FAI echoes are often found to occur in the form of descending echoing region that includes continuous, quasi periodic and discrete patches of echoes. The FAI echoes display large day‐to‐day variations and tend to occur more during the morning (06–09 IST) and evening (18–21 IST) with relative less occurrence during the noon and midnight. Doppler spectra are type‐2 in nature with mean Doppler velocity in the range of −100–120 m s−1 and spectral width limited to 100 m s−1. While these characteristics are very similar to those of off‐equatorial low latitudes and mid‐latitudes, comparison of these results with those concurrently observed at Gadanki reveals remarkable difference in the echo occurrence, day‐to‐day variability and Doppler velocity, in spite of the small difference in ionospheric pierce points between these two stations. These results are discussed and the prospective of these observations in understanding the E region FAI over a convective active meteorological region is outlined.
Microbiome diversity and host immune functions influence survivorship of sponge holobionts under future ocean conditions
Authors: Posadas Niño , Baquiran Jake Ivan P , Nada Michael Angelou L , Kelly Michelle , Conaco Cecilia
Published: July 2021

The sponge-associated microbial community contributes to the overall health and adaptive capacity of the sponge holobiont. This community is regulated by the environment and the immune system of the host. However, little is known about the effect of environmental stress on the regulation of host immune functions and how this may, in turn, affect sponge–microbe interactions. In this study, we compared the bacterial diversity and immune repertoire of the demosponge, Neopetrosia compacta, and the calcareous sponge, Leucetta chagosensis, under varying levels of acidification and warming stress based on climate scenarios predicted for 2100. Neopetrosia compacta harbors a diverse microbial community and possesses a rich repertoire of scavenger receptors while L. chagosensis has a less diverse microbiome and an expanded range of pattern recognition receptors and immune response-related genes. Upon exposure to RCP 8.5 conditions, the microbiome composition and host transcriptome of N. compacta remained stable, which correlated with high survival (75%). In contrast, tissue necrosis and low survival (25%) of L. chagosensis was accompanied by microbial community shifts and downregulation of host immune-related pathways. Meta-analysis of microbiome diversity and immunological repertoire across poriferan classes further highlights the importance of host–microbe interactions in predicting the fate of sponges under future ocean conditions.
SNP-mediated lncRNA-ENTPD3-AS1 upregulation suppresses renal cell carcinoma via miR-155/HIF-1α signaling
Authors: Wang Jiangyi , Zou Yun , Du Bowen , Li Wenzhi , Yu Guopeng , Li Long , Zhou Lin , Gu Xin , Song Shangqing , Liu Yushan , Zhou Wenquan , Xu Bin , Wang Zhong
Published: July 2021

Over the last decade, more than 10 independent SNPs have been discovered to be associated with the risk of renal cell carcinoma among different populations. However, the biological functions of them remain poorly understood. In this study, we performed eQTL analysis, ChIP-PCR, luciferase reporter assay, and Cox regression analysis to identify the functional role and underlying mechanism of rs67311347 in RCC. The ENCORI database, which contains the lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA interactions, was used to explore the possible target miRNA of ENTPD3-AS1. The results showed that the G > A mutation of rs67311347 created a binding motif of ZNF8 and subsequently upregulated ENTPD3-AS1 expression by acting as an enhancer. The TCGA-KIRC and our cohorts both confirmed the downregulation of ENTPD3-AS1 in RCC tissues and demonstrated that increased ENTPD3-AS1 expression was associated with good OS and PFS. Furthermore, ENTPD3-AS1 interacted with miR-155-5p and activated the expression of HIF-1α, which was an important tumor suppressor gene in the development of RCC. The functional experiments revealed that overexpression of ENTPD3-AS1 inhibited cell proliferation in RCC cell lines and the effect could be rescued by knocking down HIF-1α. Our findings reveal that SNP-mediated lncRNA-ENTPD3-AS1 upregulation suppresses renal cell carcinoma via miR-155/HIF-1α signaling.
Rational design of fluorescent barcodes for suspension array through a simple simulation strategy
Authors: Zhang Bo , Tang Wan-Sheng , Ding Shou-Nian
Published: July 2021

Quantum dot (QD)-encoded microbeads as optical barcode with high fluorescence intensity and fluorescence uniformity, excellent stability and dispersity are greatly important for suspension array (SA).
Ultrasensitive SERS detection of exhaled biomarkers of lung cancer using a multifunctional solid phase extraction membrane
Authors: Huang Yi , Xie Tianhua , Zou Kun , Gu Yingqiu , Yang Guohai , Zhang Fanli , Qu Lu-Lu , Yang Shikuan
Published: July 2021

An ultrasensitive and portable SERS platform was developed for detecting aldehydes as lung cancer biomarkers based on a multifunctional SPE membrane.
ChemPix: automated recognition of hand-drawn hydrocarbon structures using deep learning
Authors: Weir Hayley , Thompson Keiran , Woodward Amelia , Choi Benjamin , Braun Augustin , Martínez Todd J.
Published: July 2021

Offline recognition of hand-drawn hydrocarbon structures is learned using an image-to-SMILES neural network through the application of synthetic data generation and ensemble learning.
A novel GaN MIS‐HEMT with a floating clamp electrode for suppressing short‐channel effect
Authors: Shi Yijun , Wang Hongyue
Published: July 2021

In this work, a novel GaN MIS‐HEMT (metal‐insulator‐semiconductor high electron mobility transistors) featuring a floating clamp (FC) electrode is proposed for suppressing the short‐channel effect. By inserting the FC electrode near to the drain‐side gate edge, the transverse potential at the gate edge can be clamped to less than 2 V, thereby the short‐channel effect can be suppressed. Compared to the conventional short‐channel GaN MIS‐HEMT, the proposed device exhibits much decreased off‐state electron density at the drain voltage of 10 V, which leads to the off‐state leakage current decreasing from 10–1 to 10–7 A/mm, without an obvious sacrifice of the on‐state current. Meanwhile, the proposed GaN MIS‐HEMT also delivers a much lower reverse gate‐to‐drain capacitor. The excellent characteristics of the proposed GaN MIS‐HEMT show that the device is promising for the future power applications.
First dust measurements with the Solar Orbiter Radio and Plasma Wave instrument
Authors: Zaslavsky A. , Mann I. , Soucek J. , Czechowski A. , Píša D. , Vaverka J. , Meyer-Vernet N. , Maksimovic M. , Lorfèvre E. , Issautier K. , Rackovic Babic K. , Bale S. D. , Morooka M. , Vecchio A. , Chust T. , Khotyaintsev Y. , Krasnoselskikh V. , Kretzschmar M. , Plettemeier D. , Steller M. , Štverák Š. , Trávníček P. , Vaivads A.
Published: July 2021

Context.Impacts of dust grains on spacecraft are known to produce typical impulsive signals in the voltage waveform recorded at the terminals of electric antennas. Such signals (as may be expected) are routinely detected by the Time Domain Sampler (TDS) system of the Radio and Plasma Waves (RPW) instrument on board Solar Orbiter.

Aims.We investigate the capabilities of RPW in terms of interplanetary dust studies and present the first analysis of dust impacts recorded by this instrument. Our purpose is to characterize the dust population observed in terms of size, flux, and velocity.

Methods.We briefly discuss previously developed models of voltage pulse generation after a dust impact onto a spacecraft and present the relevant technical parameters for Solar Orbiter RPW as a dust detector. Then we present the statistical analysis of the dust impacts recorded by RPW/TDS from April 20, 2020 to February 27, 2021 between 0.5 AU and 1 AU.

Results.The study of the dust impact rate along Solar Orbiter’s orbit shows that the dust population studied presents a radial velocity component directed outward from the Sun. Its order of magnitude can be roughly estimated asvr, dust ≃ 50 km s−1, which is consistent with the flux of impactors being dominated byβ-meteoroids. We estimate the cumulative flux of these grains at 1 AU to be roughlyFβ ≃ 8 × 10−5m−2s−1for particles of a radiusr ≳ 100 nm. The power law indexδof the cumulative mass flux of the impactors is evaluated by two differents methods, namely: direct observations of voltage pulses and indirect effect on the impact rate dependency on the impact speed. Both methods give the following result:δ ≃ 0.3 − 0.4.

Conclusions.Solar Orbiter RPW proves to be a suitable instrument for interplanetary dust studies, and the dust detection algorithm implemented in the TDS subsystem an efficient tool for fluxes estimation. These first results are promising for the continuation of the mission, in particular, for the in situ study of the inner Solar System dust cloud outside of the ecliptic plane, which Solar Orbiter will be the first spacecraft to explore.
Is Provider Training Level Associated with First Pass Success of Endotracheal Intubation in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit?
Authors: Pande Chetna K. , Stayer Kelsey , Rappold Thomas , Alvin Madeleine , Koszela Keri , Kudchadkar Sapna R.
Published: July 2021

Endotracheal intubation is a life-saving procedure in critically ill pediatric patients and a foundational skill for critical care trainees. Multiple intubation attempts are associated with increased adverse events and increased morbidity and mortality. Thus, we aimed to determine patient and provider factors associated with first pass success of endotracheal intubation in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). This prospective, single-center quality improvement study evaluated patient and provider factors associated with multiple intubation attempts in a tertiary care, academic, PICU from May 2017 to May 2018. The primary outcome was the number of tracheal intubation attempts. Predictive factors for first pass success were analyzed by using univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis. A total of 98 intubation encounters in 75 patients were analyzed. Overall first pass success rate was 67% (66/98), and 7% (7/98) of encounters required three or more attempts. A Pediatric critical care medicine (PCCM) fellow was the first laryngoscopist in 94% (92/98) of encounters with a first pass success rate of 67% (62/92). Age of patient, history of difficult airway, provider training level, previous intubation experience, urgency of intubation, and time of day were not predictive of first pass success. First pass success improved slightly with increasing fellow year (fellow year = 1, 66%; fellow year = 2, 68%; fellow year = 3, 69%) but was not statistically significant. We identified no intrinsic or extrinsic factors associated with first pass intubation success. At a time when PCCM fellow intubation experience is at risk of declining, PCCM fellows should continue to take the first attempt at most intubations in the PICU.
Strain Typing of Trichosporon asahii Clinical Isolates by Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Analysis
Authors: Premamalini Thayanidhi , Rajyoganandh Vijayaraman , Vijayakumar Ramaraj , Veena Hemanth , Kindo Anupma Jyoti , Marak Rungmei SK
Published: July 2021

Objective The aim of this study was to identify and isolate Trichosporon asahii (T. asahii) from clinical samples and to assess the genetic relatedness of the most frequently isolated strains of T. asahii using random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers GAC-1 and M13.

Methods All the clinical samples that grew Trichosporon species, identified and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using Trichosporon genus-specific primers, were considered for the study. Confirmation of the species T. asahii was carried out by T. asahii-specific PCR. Fingerprinting of the most frequently isolated T. asahii isolates was carried out by RAPD using random primers GAC-1 and M13.

Results Among the 72 clinical isolates of Trichosporon sp. confirmed by Trichosporon-specific PCR, 65 were found to be T. asahii as identified by T. asahii-specific PCR. Fingerprinting of the 65 isolates confirmed as T. asahii using GAC-1 RAPD primer yielded 11 different patterns, whereas that of M13 primer produced only 5 patterns. The pattern I was found to be the most predominant type (29.2%) followed by pattern III (16.9%) by GAC-1 primer.

Conclusions This study being the first of its kind in India on strain typing of T. asahii isolates by adopting RAPD analysis throws light on genetic diversity among the T. asahii isolates from clinical samples. Fingerprinting by RAPD primer GAC-1 identified more heterogeneity among the T. asahii isolates than M13.
Evaluation of Metabolic Effects of Nusinersen in Patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Becker Lena-Luise , Weiss Claudia , Günther René , Hermann Andreas , Theophil Manuela , Hübner Angela , Smitka Martin , von der Hagen Maja , Kaindl Angela M.
Published: July 2021

Nusinersen is the first disease-modifying therapy for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), but there are few data on potential long-term endocrinological and metabolic systemic effects of this novel treatment as well as metabolic alterations in SMA itself. In this retrospective and multicentric study, we analyzed anthropometric, endocrinological, and motor function data of 81 pediatric and adult patients with SMA1 to 3 undergoing treatment with nusinersen. In 39 patients (51%), we observed a slight increase in body mass index (BMI) centiles under treatment with nusinersen, especially in patients with SMA2 and in pediatric patients between 3.1 and 12 years. A correlation to the SMN2 copy number or motor function was not found. Additionally, length centiles decreased significantly under treatment. The results of longitudinal endocrinological assessments were interpreted as not clinically significant in most patients; in three patients, the signs of an altered glucose metabolism were present. Our study indicates a putative effect of treatment with nusinersen on BMI, which might be due to a conjoint effect of weight gain and reduction of height velocity, without evidence of correlation to increased muscle function. Further studies need to address specific effects of targeted therapies such as nusinersen or onasemnogene abeparvovec on body composition including fat and muscle mass.
Marked Facial Weakness, Ptosis, and Hanging Jaw: A Case with RYR1-Related Congenital Centronuclear Myopathy
Authors: Singanamalla Bhanudeep , Kesavan Shivan , Aggarwal Divya , Chatterjee Debajyoti , Urtizberea Andoni , Suthar Renu
Published: July 2021

Congenital myopathies are an expanding spectrum of neuromuscular disorders with early infantile or childhood onset hypotonia and slowly or nonprogressive skeletal muscle weakness. RYR1-related myopathies are the most common and frequently diagnosed class of congenital myopathies. Malignant hyperthermia susceptibility and central core disease are autosomal dominant or de novo RYR1 disorder, whereas multiminicore, congenital fiber type disproportion and centronuclear myopathy are autosomal recessive RYR1 disorders. The presence of ptosis, ophthalmoparesis, facial, and proximal muscles weakness, with the presence of dusty cores and multiple internal nuclei on muscle biopsy are clues to the diagnosis. We describe an 18-year-old male, who presented with early infantile onset ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, myopathic facies, hanging lower jaw, and proximal muscle weakness confirmed as an RYR1-related congenital centronuclear myopathy on genetic analysis and muscle biopsy.
Impact of more than three years of Carnatic music training on the working memory
Authors: Benet Neelesh , Rajalakshmi Krishna , Kumar Vijay
Published: July 2021

Objective

The impact of music training on development of various cognitive domains are extensively studied and established, however, the mechanism underlying such phenomenon is still unknown. In the present study, the role of more than three years of Carnatic music (a form of Indian music) training on working memory (WM) was tested using an event related potential (ERP) and a standard WM test.

Method

A total of 30 individuals comprised of 15 singers of age range between 16–30 years (M = 23 ± 3.2 years) and 15 non-singers aged between 16–30 years (M = 24 ± 2.9 years) participated in this study. These singers had overall 3 to 5 years of formal Carnatic music training experience. Short-term auditory working memory was assessed using Forward and backward digit span task and it was administered using the APEX software. Cortical activities such as attention, discrimination, and memory were testedusing P300and test was performed using Intelligent Hearing System.

Results

The results revealed that the mean P300 amplitude of singers (M = 5.80, SD = 2.09) was significantly higher compared to the non-singer (M = 3.50, SD = 1.44), t(25)=3.3, p < .05. The Mann-Whitney U-Test was administered and a significant difference between singers and non-singers (|z| = 3.135, p < .05) was observed for digit backward task. However, for digit forward test no significant difference (|z| = 1.523, p > .05) was obtained.

Conclusion

Findings of this study suggests that more than three years of Carnatic singing experience can enhance the neural coding to discriminate subtle differences leading to enhance working memory capacity.
Lying down nystagmus in horizontal semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (HSC-BPPV)
Authors: Vats Ajay Kumar , Sharma Jugal Kishor , Ramchandani Ghanshyam D. , Kothari Sudhir
Published: July 2021

Objective

Determining the lateralizing value of lying-down nystagmus (LDN) in horizontal semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (HSC-BPPV).

Methods

The authors prospectively investigated LDN in 35 consecutive patients of HSC-BPPV (28 geotropic and 7 apogeotropic variants) attending an Otoneurology Centre in South Rajasthan India over a period of 20 months.

Results

LDN was present in 45.7% (16/35) patients of HSC-BPPV; 50% in those with geo-HSC-BPPV (14/28), and 28.6% (2/7) with apo-HSC-BPPV. When present, LDN directs contralaterally in 93% of geo-HSC-BPPV (13/14) and ipsilaterally in 100% of apo-HSC-BPPV (2/2). Only in 1 out of the 35 patients (2.9%), LDN was solitarily decisive in lateralizing the affected canal as the supine roll test elicited nystagmus of symmetric strength on the lateral head roll to either side.

Conclusion

LDN is an important secondary sign of lateralization (SSL) in patients with HSC-BPPV (both geotropic and apogeotropic variants). LDN direction is mainly corroborative, but rarely when the lateral head rolls to either side elicits horizontal positional nystagmus of symmetric strength to either side, it can be solitarily relied on for lateralization.
Transcriptome profiling of two rice genotypes under mild field drought stress during grain-filling stage
Authors: Liang Yuya , Tabien Rodante E , Tarpley Lee , Mohammed Abdul R , Septiningsih Endang M
Published: July 2021

Drought is one of the most critical abiotic stresses that threaten crop production worldwide. This stress affects the rice crop in all stages of rice development; however, the occurrence during reproductive and grain-filling stages has the most impact on grain yield. Although many global transcriptomic studies have been performed during the reproductive stage in rice, very limited information is available for the grain-filling stage. Hence, we intend to investigate how the rice plant responds to drought stress during the grain-filling stage and how the responses change over time under field conditions. Two rice genotypes were selected for RNA-seq analysis: ‘4610’, previously reported as a moderately tolerant breeding line, and Rondo, an elite indica rice cultivar susceptible to drought conditions. Additionally, 10 agronomic traits were evaluated under normal irrigated and drought conditions. Leaf tissues were collected during grain-filling stages at two time points, 14 and 21 days after the drought treatment, from both the drought field and normal irrigated field conditions. Based on agronomic performances, ‘4610’ was less negatively affected than Rondo under mild drought conditions, and expression profiling largely aligned with the phenotypic data. The transcriptomic data indicated that, in general, ‘4610’ had much earlier responses than its counterpart in mitigating the impact of drought stress. Several key genes and gene families related to drought stress or stress-related conditions were found differentially expressed in this study, including transcription factors, drought tolerance genes and reactive oxygen species scavengers. Furthermore, this study identified novel differentially expressed genes (DEGs) without function annotations that may play roles in drought tolerance-related functions. Some of the important DEGs detected in this study can be targeted for future research.