bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapeamento digital de atributos: granulometria e matéria orgânica do solo utilizando espectroscopia de reflectância difusa
Authors: Dotto André Carnieletto ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Dalmolin Ricardo Simão Diniz , Pedron Fabrício de Araújo , Caten Alexandre ten , Ruiz Luis Fernando Chimelo ,   UFSM,   UFSM,   Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina,   UFSM
Published: February 2015

A espectroscopia de reflectância difusa (ERD) pode ser utilizada como alternativa para quantificação de atributos como granulometria e matéria orgânica do solo (MOS). Essa técnica pode ser opção para quantificar esses atributos em grande volume de amostras de solos, visto ser rápida, com menor custo e sem a geração de resíduos químicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver modelos usando análise de regressão linear múltipla para predizer o teor de argila, areia, silte e MOS, utilizando dados de ERD em uma área de relevo e geologia complexa localizada na região central do Rio Grande do Sul. No estudo, foram utilizadas 303 amostras coletadas na profundidade de 0,00-0,20 m para determinar os teores de argila, areia, silte e MOS por meio da análise laboratorial e de reflectância espectral. O desempenho dos modelos de predição apresentaram bons resultados, com capacidade de explicação da variância de 77 e 72 % para areia e argila, respectivamente. Mesmo com a complexidade geológica e pedológica, os resultados evidenciaram que a técnica é promissora, sendo possível a aplicação dessa técnica para predição da granulometria e teor de MOS.
Caracterização de mapas legados de solos: uso de indicadores em mapas com diferetens escalas no Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Sarmento Eliana Casco , Giasson Elvio , Weber Eliseu José , Flores Carlos Alberto , Rossiter David Goodrich , Hasenack Heinrich
Published: February 2015

Mapas convencionais de solos têm adquirido importância crescente como entrada para diversas aplicações, muitas vezes sem levar em conta a sua qualidade deles. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever e comparar mapas de solos usando indicadores quantitativos de fácil determinação. Foram utilizados nove mapas elaborados em diferentes escalas no Rio Grande do Sul e o software ArcGIS. Calcularam-se a escala efetiva, o número de polígonos menores que a área mínima mapeável e um índice de complexidade de forma, e quantificaram-se o número de classes taxonômicas, de tipos de solos e de unidades de mapeamento e a fração da área com dados não uniformes. Os resultados evidenciaram que a qualidade de mapas de solos tende a ser inferior ao presumido para sua escala de apresentação, o que demonstra a importância e a necessidade de avaliações prévias ao seu uso. Indicadores computados a partir dos polígonos e da legenda possibilitam avaliação rápida e objetiva, com potencial de aplicação na sistematização e documentação de dados legados de solos no Brasil.
Artificial neural networks applied for soil class prediction in mountainous landscape of the Serra do Mar¹
Authors: Calderano Filho Braz , Polivanov Helena , Chagas César da Silva , Carvalho Júnior Waldir de , Barroso Emílio Velloso , Guerra Antônio José Teixeira , Calderano Sebastião Barreiros
Published: February 2015

Soil information is needed for managing the agricultural environment. The aim of this study was to apply artificial neural networks (ANNs) for the prediction of soil classes using orbital remote sensing products, terrain attributes derived from a digital elevation model and local geology information as data sources. This approach to digital soil mapping was evaluated in an area with a high degree of lithologic diversity in the Serra do Mar. The neural network simulator used in this study was JavaNNS and the backpropagation learning algorithm. For soil class prediction, different combinations of the selected discriminant variables were tested: elevation, declivity, aspect, curvature, curvature plan, curvature profile, topographic index, solar radiation, LS topographic factor, local geology information, and clay mineral indices, iron oxides and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from an image of a Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) sensor. With the tested sets, best results were obtained when all discriminant variables were associated with geological information (overall accuracy 93.2 - 95.6 %, Kappa index 0.924 - 0.951, for set 13). Excluding the variable profile curvature (set 12), overall accuracy ranged from 93.9 to 95.4 % and the Kappa index from 0.932 to 0.948. The maps based on the neural network classifier were consistent and similar to conventional soil maps drawn for the study area, although with more spatial details. The results show the potential of ANNs for soil class prediction in mountainous areas with lithological diversity.
Index of soil physical quality of hardsetting soils on the brazilian coast
Authors: Lima Herdjania Veras de , Silva Álvaro Pires da , Giarola Neyde Fabíola Balarezzo , Imhoff Sílvia
Published: February 2015

Many soils have a hard-setting behavior, also known as cohesive or "coesos". In such soils, the penetration resistance increases markedly when dry and decreases considerably when moist, creating serious limitations for plant emergence and growth. To evaluate the level of structure degradation in hard-setting soils with different texture classes and to create an index for assessing soil hardness levels in hard-setting soils, six soil representative profiles were selected in the field in various regions of Brazil. The following indices were tested: S, which measures soil physical quality, and H , which analyzes the degree of hardness and the effective stress in the soil during drying. Both indices were calculated using previously described functions based on data from the water-retention curves for the soils. The hard-setting values identified in different soils of the Brazilian Coastal Tablelands have distinct compaction (hardness) levels and can be satisfactorily measured by the H index. The S index was adequate for evaluating the structural characteristics of the hard-setting soils, classifying them as suitable or poor for cultivation, but only when the moisture level of the soil was near the inflection point. The H index showed that increases in density in hard-setting soils result from increases in effective stress and not from the soil texture. Values for Bd > 1.48 kg dm-3 classify the soil as hard-setting, and the structural organization is considered "poor".
Revisiting Field Capacity (FC): variation of definition of FC and its estimation from pedotransfer functions
Authors: Ottoni Filho Theophilo Benedicto , Ottoni Marta Vasconcelos , Oliveira Muriel Batista de , Macedo José Ronaldo de , Reichardt Klaus
Published: February 2015

Taking into account the nature of the hydrological processes involved in in situ measurement of Field Capacity (FC), this study proposes a variation of the definition of FC aiming not only at minimizing the inadequacies of its determination, but also at maintaining its original, practical meaning. Analysis of FC data for 22 Brazilian soils and additional FC data from the literature, all measured according to the proposed definition, which is based on a 48-h drainage time after infiltration by shallow ponding, indicates a weak dependency on the amount of infiltrated water, antecedent moisture level, soil morphology, and the level of the groundwater table, but a strong dependency on basic soil properties. The dependence on basic soil properties allowed determination of FC of the 22 soil profiles by pedotransfer functions (PTFs) using the input variables usually adopted in prediction of soil water retention. Among the input variables, soil moisture content θ (6 kPa) had the greatest impact. Indeed, a linear PTF based only on it resulted in an FC with a root mean squared residue less than 0.04 m³ m-3 for most soils individually. Such a PTF proved to be a better FC predictor than the traditional method of using moisture content at an arbitrary suction. Our FC data were compatible with an equivalent and broader USA database found in the literature, mainly for medium-texture soil samples. One reason for differences between FCs of the two data sets of fine-textured soils is due to their different drainage times. Thus, a standardized procedure for in situ determination of FC is recommended.
Influência de práticas conservacionistas na umidade do solo e no cultivo do milho (Zea mays L.) em semiárido nordestino
Authors: Borges Tatyana Keyty de Souza , Montenegro Abelardo Antônio de Assunção , Santos Thaís Emanuelle Monteiro dos , Silva Demetrius David da , Silva Junior Valdemir de Paula e
Published: February 2015

O semiárido brasileiro possui capacidade produtiva limitada em razão das suas características intrínsecas em relação à vegetação, ao clima e ao solo. A cobertura do solo, uma prática recomendada para essa região, favorece a infiltração, proporcionando melhor aproveitamento da água da chuva e contribuindo para o desenvolvimento das culturas, ao reduzir a perda de água por escoamento superficial. Nesse contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de diferentes tipos de cobertura na manutenção da umidade do solo, sob condição de chuva natural, bem como nas características agronômicas da cultura do milho (Zea mays L.), em regime de sequeiro. Para isso, desenvolveu-se experimento em campo, na encosta representativa da Bacia do Alto Ipanema, no semiárido pernambucano. Para monitorar a umidade do solo e o desempenho do cultivo, cinco parcelas com 4,5 m de largura e 11 m de comprimento foram instaladas, adotando-se os seguintes tratamentos: solo descoberto, cultivo do milho com cordão vegetativo de palma forrageira, solo com cobertura natural, cultivo do milho em nível e com barramento em pedras associado com cobertura morta e cultivo do milho morro abaixo. Em cada parcela, foram instalados oito tubos de acesso de PVC, para fins de monitoramento da umidade do solo nas profundidades de 0,20 e 0,40 m, utilizando sonda de nêutrons. A cultura do milho (AG 1051) foi cultivada no período de abril a julho de 2011, com adubação realizada no dia do plantio e 30 dias após; a colheita foi realizada aos 96 dias após o plantio. A umidade do solo foi monitorada quinzenalmente, durante os meses de janeiro a julho de 2011. Dentre as características agronômicas do milho, foram avaliadas: altura do colmo, altura da inserção da primeira espiga, diâmetro basal do colmo, diâmetro da espiga com e sem palha, número de fileiras de grãos, número de grãos, comprimento da espiga com e sem palha, peso da espiga com e sem palha e peso da matéria fresca e da matéria seca do milho ralado. Os tratamentos conservacionistas (cultivo do milho em nível com barramento em pedras associado com cobertura morta e o cultivo do milho com cordão vegetativo de palma forrageira) promoveram maiores valores de umidade do solo e de matéria seca de grãos de milho, em relação ao cultivo morro abaixo, evidenciando-se a importância da disponibilidade de água no solo para suprir a necessidade hídrica da cultura do milho, em regime de sequeiro. O cultivo do milho em nível com barramento em pedras associado com cobertura morta ou com cordão vegetativo de palma forrageira atua eficientemente na redução das perdas de água, quando comparado ao solo descoberto, contribuindo para melhor aproveitamento da água da chuva e maior produtividade de grãos.
Adsorção de cádmio em Latossolos sob vegetação de mata nativa e cultivados¹
Authors: Reis Iolanda Maria Soares , Melo Wanderley José de , Marques Júnior José , Ferraudo Antônio Sérgio , Melo Gabriel Maurício Peruca de
Published: February 2015

Os metais pesados podem ser encontrados naturalmente em solos, em baixas concentrações, podendo ter seus teores intensificados por meio de ações antrópicas, tornando-se um dos entraves no manejo de solos tropicais. Esses elementos químicos podem ser encontrados na constituição de adubos orgânicos e inorgânicos, inseticidas, fungicidas, rejeito de mineração e lixo urbano, podendo causar sérios danos ao ambiente e à saúde humana. Nesse sentido, estudos de adsorção são imprescindíveis na avaliação do comportamento de metais pesados no solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência dos atributos químicos, granulométricos e mineralógicos sobre a adsorção de Cd, avaliados pelos modelos de Langmuir e de Freundlich, em Latossolos que sofreram ou não ação antrópica. As amostras de solo foram coletadas da camada superficial, 0,00-0,20 m, sendo realizadas análises químicas, granulométricas e mineralógicas. No estudo de adsorção, foram usadas as concentrações 0, 5, 25, 50, 100, 200, 300 e 400 µg L-1 de Cd na forma de Cd(NO3)2. Para a construção das isotermas de adsorção, utilizaram-se os modelos matemáticos empíricos de Langmuir e Freundlich. Os dados obtidos foram analisados por meio de técnicas estatísticas multivariadas, Análise de Agrupamento e Análise de Componentes Principais; no experimento de adsorção os dados ajustaram-se aos modelos de Langmuir e Freundlich. Os solos com menor relação goethita/hematita e maior capacidade de troca de cátions e pH apresentaram maior capacidade máxima de adsorção de Cd.
Estrus cycle monitoring of captive collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu) in semiarid conditions
Authors: Maia Keilla M. , Peixoto Gislayne C.X. , Campos Lívia B. , Bezerra José Artur B. , Ricarte Aracelly R.F. , Moreira Nei , Oliveira Moacir F. , Silva Alexandre R.
Published: February 2015

Collared peccaries (Peccary tajacu) are among the most hunted species in Latin America due the appreciation of their pelt and meat. In order to optimize breeding management of captive born collared peccaries in semiarid conditions, the objective was to describe and correlate the changes in the ovarian ultrasonographic pattern, hormonal profile, vulvar appearance, and vaginal cytology during the estrus cycle in this species. During 45 days, females (n=4) were subjected each three days to blood collection destined to hormonal dosage by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). In the same occasions, evaluation of external genitalia, ovarian ultrasonography and vaginal cytology were conducted. Results are presented as means and standard deviations. According to hormonal dosage, six estrous cycles were identified as lasting 21.0 ± 5.7 days, being on average 6 days for the estrogenic phase and 15 days for the progesterone phase. Estrogen presented mean peak values of 55.6 ± 20.5 pg/mL. During the luteal phase, the high values for progesterone were 35.3 ± 4.4 ng/mL. The presence of vaginal mucus, a reddish vaginal mucosa and the separation of the vulvar lips were verified in all animals during the estrogenic peak. Through ultrasonography, ovarian follicles measuring 0.2±0.1 cm were visualized during the estrogen peak. Corpora lutea presented hyperechoic regions measuring 0.4±0.2 cm identified during luteal phase. No significant differences (P>0.05) between proportions of vaginal epithelial cells were identified when comparing estrogenic and progesterone phases. In conclusion, female collared peccaries, captive born in semiarid conditions, have an estral cycle that lasts 21.0±5.7 days, with estrous signs characterized by vulvar lips edema and hyperemic vaginal mucosa, coinciding with developed follicles and high estrogen levels.
Triplex Doppler evaluation of the testes in dogs of different sizes
Authors: Souza Mírley B. , Mota Filho Antônio C. , Sousa Carmen V.S. , Monteiro Cynthia L.B. , Carvalho Gabriela G. , Pinto José N. , Linhares Jussiara C.S. , Silva Lúcia D.M.
Published: February 2015

This study aimed to assess whether there are differences in Doppler velocimetry parameters between different sizes. Twenty dogs were equally divided into small and large groups used in this study. The dogs were evaluated using Triplex ultrasound. Testicular artery was located by Colour Doppler in the spermatic cord, marginal to the testes and intratesticular segments and then, spectral Doppler were used to calculate: peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI). The mean testicular volume in the left side was significantly higher than the right side, in both groups. Doppler examination showed higher velocities (EDV) at spermatic cord in large dogs; marginal to the testes was observed higher velocities in small dogs; intratesticular region no differences were observed (P < 0.05) and within the groups differences between segments of the artery were also observed for each parameter. The results showed that there are differences in Doppler velocimetry parameters between different sizes.
Weight-of-evidence on environmental impact assessment of metal contaminated sediments in the São Francisco river (Três Marias - Minas Gerais - Brazil): a case study
Authors: Almeida DF. , Martins AH. , Tundisi JG.
Published: February 2015

The weight-of-evidence - WOE approach was used to assess the environmental impact of sediments contaminated by metals in the São Francisco river and one of its tributaries, Consciência creek, both affected by anthropic activities, in the region of Três Marias (Minas Gerais/Brazil). The assessment provided support to a risk management decision. The WOE was based on bulk metal analysis, AVS-SEM assays, elutriate tests, ecotoxicity assays, benthic community assessment and a comparison for the reference area. Brazilian legislation and other available literature were used as criteria to evaluate the lines of evidence. All samples, except for the reference area, presented some contamination. However, geochemical testing for bioavailability studies showed that toxicity is unlikely as suggested by the chemical results. Ecotoxicity and benthic structure studies provided further information to support decision making. Metal acid volatile sulfide formation mechanisms were identified, which can eventually attenuate metal toxicity observed. The removal of active sources of contamination (for example, from tailings dumps) associated with Monitoring Natural Recovery could be sufficient to eventually lessen the risk of the biota in São Francisco river sediments.
Global Ruling. Intellectual Property and Development in the United Nations Knowledge Economy
Authors: Leal Ondina Fachel , Souza Rebeca Hennemann Vergara de , Solagna Fabrício
Published: February 2015

This paper firstly provides an ethnographic account of the dynamic of events in Geneva in 2004, when meetings of various multilateral agencies and global civil society organizations were held simultaneously to discuss the proposal to include the Development Agenda as a key element of intellectual property rights (IPR), seeking to insert some public policy aspects into the existing legal frameworks on IPR. Secondly we describe the historical context for the emergence of the intellectual property system as global legislation, explaining how it came into being and the ways in which it intertwines with international trade, examining the extent of its impact and its interfaces with various domains of social life, including culture and knowledge. Finally, based on interviews, documents and minutes from international agency meetings, we reconstruct the three-year process of negotiating the Development Agenda at the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), describing the role of its main actors. Since Brazil, a member state of the organization, assumed a lead role in promoting the Agenda, we examine the disputes that occurred during this process as political actors veered back and forth in their support for the international system to protect and enforce intellectual property rights, and the tensions generated as IPRs become barriers to the trade and development of developing nations.
The influence of prior research experience on the profile of Biological area graduate students in UFRGS
Authors: Cavedini I. C.L. , De Souza N. C.S. , Netto C. A.
Published: February 2015

Abstract of the panel presented at the annual meeting of SBBQ (1996).
Analysis of the scientific production of the "Triângulo Mineiro"(Brasil) registered by the scientific citation index (ISI) between 1990-1996
Authors: Cerqueira I. , Cerqueira V. , Campos E. G.
Published: February 2015

Abstract of the panel presented at the SBBq annual meeting (see Annex)(see attachament).
Educators` and pupils` perceptions about teaching and learning - the multiple and often contradictory view of schooling
Authors: Lannes D. , Moreira E. M. , De Meis L.
Published: February 2015

Abstract of the panel presented at the SBBq annual meeting (see Annex)(see attachament).
The physical educations students` images of Biochemistry
Authors: Costa C. , Torres Bayardo Baptista
Published: February 2015

Abstract of the panel presented at the SBBq annual meeting (see Annex)(see attachament).
Basic concepts for the understanding of the Michaelian kinetics
Authors: Galembeck E. , Peres C. B. , Torres Bayardo Baptista
Published: February 2015

Abstract of the panel presented at the SBBq annual meeting (see attachament).
A short practical course for Molecular Biology and Genetics of yeast for undergraduated students
Authors: Carvajal E. , Duarte Y. A.
Published: February 2015

Abstract of the panel presented at the SBBq annual meeting (see Attachment).
The federal budget for science and tecjnology: wich are the figures
Authors: Machado R. C.P. , Oliveira P. L.
Published: February 2015

Abstract of the panel presented at the SBBq annual meeting (see Attachment).
Successful Biochemistry disciplines in physical education courses
Authors: Costa C. , Torres Bayardo Baptista
Published: February 2015

Abstract of the panel presented at the SBBq annual meeting (see Attachment).
Basic technics in purification and proteins`analysis
Authors: Régis W. C.B. , Gonçalves M. L.G.S. , Santoro M. M.
Published: February 2015

Abstract of the panel presented at the SBBq annual meeting (see Attachment).
Teaching Molecular Biology by a formative processes
Authors: Pasquali Giancarlo
Published: February 2015

Abstract of the panel presented at the SBBq annual meeting (see attachament).
A new find of respirometer to measure cell respiration
Authors: Fin et al. C. A.
Published: February 2015

Abstract of the panel presented at the SBBq annual meeting (see attachament).
Teaching Biochemistry using a methodology based on the mental models theory
Authors: Careiro-Leão A. M.A. , Mayer M. , Jófili Z. M.S.
Published: February 2015

Abstract of the panel presented at the SBBq annual meeting (see attachament).
Integration of Biochemistry fo odontology course with the social reality
Authors: Fernandes et al S. B.
Published: February 2015

Abstract of the panel presented at the SBBq annual meeting (see attachament).
The explosion of new knowlodge and role of school
Authors: Lannes D. , Velloso A. , De Meis L.
Published: February 2015

Abstract of the panel presented at the SBBq annual meeting (see attachament).
Experiências inovadoras no ensino de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular
Authors: Ferreira et al. Maria De Fátima Alves
Published: February 2015

Resumo do painel apresentado na reunião anual da SBBq (Ver anexo).
The tutorial program in Biochemistry at Federal University of Viçosa (UFV) stimulates learning and lower failure in undergraduate courses
Authors: Baracat-Pereira et al. M. C.
Published: February 2015

Abstract of the panel presented at the SBBq annual meeting (see attachament).
A Molecular Biology courses for Biology teachers
Authors: Abdulkader F. R. M.
Published: February 2015

Abstract of the panel presented at the SBBq annual meeting (see attachament).
Plastic models representative of nucleic acids and protein structures for the teaching of structural molecular Biology
Authors: Abel et al. Luciano Douglas dos Santos
Published: February 2015

Abstract of the panel presented at the SBBq annual meeting (see attachament).
Learning by projects: a new approach in teaching Biochemistry
Authors: Careiro-Leão et al A. M.A.
Published: February 2015

Abstract of the panel presented at the SBBq annual meeting (see attachament).
A lunch of pizza and past used for learning of metabolic Biochemistry
Authors: Passos R. M. , Wolff V. L. , Nóbrega Y. K.M. , Hermes-Lima M.
Published: February 2015

Abstract of the panel presented at the SBBq annual meeting (see attachament).
Improving the basic knowlodge of undergraduate students participating in the tutorial program in Biochemistry at UFV
Authors: Baracat-Pereira et al. M. C.
Published: February 2015

Abstract of the panel presented at the SBBq annual meeting (see attachament).
Experimental Biochemistry: a collaborative experience in a practical discipline for undergraduates
Authors: Trigoni Jr. R. , De Araujo P. S. , Cuccovia I. M. , Marana S. R. , Schumacher R. I. , Torres Bayardo Baptista
Published: February 2015

Abstract of the panel presented at the SBBq annual meeting (see attachament).
A simple experiment to study anaerobic matabolism using fermentable and non-fermentable sugars
Authors: Paulino et al. T. P.
Published: February 2015

Abstract of the panel presented at the SBBq annual meeting (see attachament).
Development of an attendance, evaluation and self-evaluation method of the learning-teaching process using basic analytical Biochemistry concepts
Authors: Careiro-Leão et al A. M.A.
Published: February 2015

Abstract of the panel presented at the SBBq annual meeting (see attachament).
Cloning, the technology of life, expressed through theatre visualization
Authors: Paz N. V.N.
Published: February 2015

Abstract of the panel presented at the SBBq annual meeting (see attachament).
Poster Display as an Alternative Evaluation Method to Biochemistry Teaching
Authors: Rodrigues Silas P. , Fenandes Patricia M.B.
Published: February 2015

Biochemistry is present in dierent professional under gradation courses in which it seeks to attendseveral objectives. The discipline oered to the students of Biology Science Course at UFES is tra-ditionally organized in a series of lectures to the basic information, a laboratory class related to eachtopic and a three written tests. Our students, as many from other courses, study biochemistry justbecause they have to. The teacher can alter the student behavior by changing the way in which theyexamine them. This work describes and analyses the experience of using poster display as an assess-ment and includes feedback from the students and teachers. At the beginning of the term the activityis explained to the class and groups are formed. They are oriented to search a full research paper, with\metabolism as a key word. During the students presentation, teachers and graduation studentsevaluate the production of a self-explanatory poster, assurance in the chosen work and involvementof all components of the group. A multiple-choice questionnaire was applied to 15-30 students fromthe ve classes that had already done the activity. The teachers and the graduation students also hadtheir opinions heard. 62.3 % of the students agreed that the activity accomplishes its objective tostimulate the integration of general knowledge and comprehension of a specic scientic work, while itpromotes the practice of presentation at seminars. 62.2 % believed that it allows the learner to showits knowledge in a better way and 51 % of the students were very much motivated within the activity.For 91.2 % of the students, they should choose the article, as it allows a better correlation betweenbiochemistry and personal anities (42.7 %). Also, 98 % believed that the activity should be carriedout in groups, because it allows a deeper discussion (53.6 %), stimulate group activities (20 %) orpermits the materials costs division (22 %). Only 1.8 % of the learners thought that the traditionaltests should be maintained, while the poster activity was suggested by 25 % of them to be used inother subjects. At all, students and teachers agreed that the poster activity represents an interestingteaching tool to evaluate biochemistry students.
What is alcoholic fermentation? A study about the alcoholic fermentation conception through the history
Authors: Cardoso C.A. F. , Kurtenbach E.
Published: February 2015

This work shows the historical development of the alcoholic fermentation conception, based on expe-rimental results obtained from European scientists, from Renascence to the beginning of 20th century(1930). From this, ve concepts were identied for the phenomenon: putrefactive, spiritual, chemical,biological and biochemical. The current conception of alcoholic fermentation was also evaluated. Forthis proposal, three groups of teachers were interviewed through the question? What is alcoholicfermentation? The P group (pilot, n=12) made of professionals that teach on secondary and highschools, group A composed of PhDs from the Center of Technology Education - NUTES (n=9) andgroup B from Department of Medical Biochemistry (called group B, n=41) both of Federal Universityof Rio de Janeiro, respectively. Key words associated with the fermentative process were identiedidentify in the interviewees answers. The group A components mentioned only six key words andpointed out the alcoholic fermentation products. Dierently, subjects from P and B groups cited ahigher number and also more unusual key words (n = 9 and 12, respectively). We also analyzedtheir answers throughout fermentative descriptive words (sugar, alcohol, carbon dioxide, anaerobic,yeast and ATP). These words were established after an evaluation of alcoholic fermentation conceptstated in the Biology/Biochemistry books most adopted in high schools and Universities. Our analysisshowed that group A used only three descriptive words (sugar, alcohol and yeast) while componentsof group B used all the selected descriptive words. However, only one interviewee used all the sixwords together. From this analysis, we proposed that the chemical concept of alcoholic fermentationprevailed on the other concepts found on the historical research (spiritual, putrefactive, biological ebiochemical).
NUTRITION AND SPORTS: A BIOCHEMICAL APPROACH
Authors: Bianco A.A.G. , Beton D. , Carvalho A.Z. , Koide T. , Miyamoto S. , Ribichich K.F. , Rodrigues L.O. , Silva F.H.L. , Tejada E.C.S. , Torres B. B.
Published: February 2015

This work presents a course dedicated to the pedagogical instruction of graduate students (Ensino deBioqumica - QBQ 5711) in which they have to plan and teach a 30 hour-discipline for undergraduatestudents. The graduate students have to choose a subject for the discipline and, in 2003, the cho-sen subject was Nutrition and Sports: a Biochemical Approach, which is not specically broached inregular disciplines. The discipline was structured in the basis of collaborative learning, thus, the 75 en-rolled undergraduate students (from dierent courses as Nutrition, Sports, Pharmacy, Chemistry andBiology) were organized in small working groups. The students were given a study guide produced bythe graduate teachers (available in Portuguese at http://www.sbbq.org.br/revista/mtdidaticos.php),in which the following contents were covered: muscle contraction, O2 up-take, oxidative stress andanti-oxidant response, cramp, hydration, doping and nutritional supplies. In the nal activity thestudents had to evaluate critically myths and true facts in 80 statements usually associated to physi-cal activities and sports. The discipline was evaluated through questionnaires. From the analysis ofthe answers of both undergraduate and graduate/teachers students it is possible to conclude that thediscipline was well conduced and succeeded. These results emphasize the relevance and contribution ofthis kind of discipline to the pedagogical instruction of the graduate students and also to the increaseof undergraduate students interests in Biochemistry.
Influence of biostimulators on germination parameters and early growth of sunflower seedling
Authors: Miladinov Zlatica , Balalic Igor , Radic Velimir , Crnobarac Jovan , Jockovic Milan , Jokic Goran , Miklic Vladimir
Published: February 2015

The aim of this paper was to examine the influence of biostimulators, with or
without the use of fungicides, on seed quality parameters and early growth of
sunflower seedling. Testing was conducted at the Institute of Field and
Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad on cytoplasmic male sterile sunflower line
HA-26-PR. The experiment included six treatments: Slavol S (25%), Slavol S
(25%) + fungicide (a.m. metalaxyl-M), Bioplant Flora (2%), Bioplant Flora
(2%) + fungicide (a.m. metalaxyl-M), Slavol S (25%) + Bioplant Flora (2%),
Slavol S (25%) + Bioplant Flora (2%) + fungicide (a. m. metalaxyl-M) and
control. Results of the research showed that treating the seed with
biostimulators prior to sowing has a significant influence on seed
germination parameters and early growth of sunflower seedling. The individual
application of fertilizers, with or without the use of fungicide, gave a
positive effect, while their combination led to a negative effect. The
individual application of fertilizers, with or without combination with
fungicide, may increase germination energy by 5%, germinability by 6%, but
may also reduce the time of seed germination. Likewise, their use has a
positive effect on early growth of sunflower seedling.
Chemical synthesis and characterization of highly soluble conducting polyaniline in the mixtures of common solvents
Authors: Zeghioud Hichem , Lamouri Saad , Safidine Zitouni , Belbachir Mohammed
Published: February 2015

This work presents the synthesis and characterization of soluble and
conducting polyaniline PANI-PIA according to chemical polymerization route.
This polymerization pathway leads to the formation of poly(itaconic acid)
doped polyaniline salts, which are highly soluble in a number of mixtures
between organic common polar solvents and water, the solubility reaches 4 mg
mL-1. The effect of synthesis parameters such as doping level on the
conductivity and the study of solubility and other properties of the
resulting PANI salts were also undertaken. The maximum of conductivity was
found equal to 2.48?10-4 S cm-1 for fully protonated PANI-EB. In addition,
various characterizations of the synthesized materials were also done with
the help of viscosity measurements, UV-vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR and
finally TGA for the thermal properties behaviour.
Chemical stability of plasmon-active silver tips for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Kalbacova Jana , Rodriguez Raul D. , Desale Vivek , Schneider Maximilian , Amin Ihsan , Jordan Rainer , Zahn Dietrich R.T.
Published: February 2015

Silver nanostructures are used in tip- and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy due to their high electric field enhancement over almost the entire visible spectral range. However, the low chemical stability of silver, compared to other noble metals, promotes silver sulfide and sulfate formation which decreases its plasmonic activity. This is why silver tips are usually prepared on the same day of the experiments or are disregarded in favour of gold that is chemically more stable. Since silver degradation cannot be avoided, we hypothesized that a protection layer may be able to minimize or control degradation. In this contribution, we report the successful preparation of 4-biphenylthiol and 4’-nitro-4-biphenylthiol self-assembled monolayers on silver tips in order to protect them against tarnishing and to investigate the effect on the life-time of the plasmonic activity. The electrochemically etched wire surface was probed via Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The best long term stability and resistance against corrosion was shown by a monolayer of 4-biphenylthiol formed from dimethylformamide which did not display any degradation of the metallic tip during the observed period. Here, we demonstrate an easy and straightforward approach towards increasing the chemical stability of silver TERS-active probes.
Adrenal Myelolipoma
Authors: Khadka B , Karki D B , Parmer B
Published: February 2015

Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare, benign, usually unilateral, endocrinologically inactive tumor composed of mainly mature adipose tissue and hematopoietic elements that resemble bone marrow. It almost always occurs within adrenal gland but they have been reported in other locations. Most patients are asymptomatic and the lesion is discovered incidentally. We report a case of 35 years old lady who had just come for regular check up with vague abdominal discomfort on right side. Radiological investigations showed a large right sided adrenal myelolipoma. Image guided fine needle aspiration cytology was done, which confirmed the diagnosis.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmmihs.v1i4.12002Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences Vol. 1, Issue 4, 2015Page: 50-51
Mental health services in Nepal: Is it too late?
Authors: Simkhada P , Van Teijlingen E , Marahatta SB
Published: February 2015

No AbstractDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmmihs.v1i4.12012 Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences Vol. 1, Issue 4, 2015: 1-2
Heater Choice, Dampness and Mould Growth in 26 New Zealand Homes: A Study of Propensity for Mould Growth Using Encapsulated Fungal Spores
Authors: Boulic Mikael , Phipps Robyn , Cunningham Malcolm , Cleland Don , Fjällström Pär , Abe Keiko , Howden-Chapman Philippa
Published: February 2015

The relationship between the use of unflued gas heaters (UGH, N = 14) and heat pump heaters (HP, N = 12) located in the living rooms, and mould growth on the living room and bedroom walls, of 26 New Zealand (NZ) occupied homes was investigated during winter. Two methods were employed to evaluate the potential of mould growth on walls: (i) measurement of daily hyphal growth rate using a fungal detector (encapsulated fungal spores); and (ii) estimation of fungal contamination based on a four level scale visual inspection. The average wall psychrometric conditions were significantly different between the two heater type groups, in both the living rooms and the bedrooms with the UGH user homes being colder and damper than HP user homes. The UGHs were found to be a significant additional source of moisture in the living rooms which dramatically increased the capacity for fungi to grow on wall surfaces. The average daily hyphal growth rates were 4 and 16 times higher in the living rooms and in the bedrooms of the UGH user homes, respectively. Results from both mould detection methods gave good agreement, showing that the use of a fungal detector was an efficient method to predict the potential of mould growth on the inside of the external walls in NZ homes.
Behavioral Modelling in a Decision Support System
Authors: Rinaldi Francesca , Jonsson Ragnar , Sallnäs Ola , Trubins Renats
Published: February 2015

Considering the variety of attitudes, objectives and behaviors characterizing forest owners is crucial for accurately assessing the impact of policy and market drivers on forest resources. A serious shortcoming of existing pan-European Decision Support Systems (DSS) is that they do not account for such heterogeneity, consequently disregarding the effects that this might have on timber supply and forest development. Linking a behavioral harvesting decision model—Expected Value Asymmetries (EVA)—to a forest resource dynamics model—European Forestry Dynamics Model (EFDM)—we provide an example of how forest owner specific characterization can be integrated in a DSS. The simulation results indicate that the approach holds promise as regards accounting for forest owner behavior in simulations of forest resources development. Hence, forest owner heterogeneity makes the distribution of forestland on owner types non-trivial, as it affects harvesting intensity and, subsequently, inter-temporal forest development.
A Forest Planning Approach with Respect to the Creation of Overmature Reserved Areas in Managed Forests
Authors: Kašpar Jan , Maru&scaronk Róbert , Hlavatý Robert
Published: February 2015

Forest harvest planning to maximize economic benefits also has to consider additional criteria such as the biodiversity functioning of the managed forest. The biodiversity requirements are determined by the size, shape, and distribution of harvest units and forest stands. A multiple criteria approach is presented where the harvesting volume is maximized while the environmental aspects are also considered. Multiple criteria programming and integer programming techniques are used to find an optimal program of forest harvesting with respect to both economic and environmental requirements. The practicality of the model is shown in a case study for one particular forest management unit. Different optimal solutions are calculated depending on changes made to the criteria weights. This model includes strict spatial constraints, multiple objective functions with three objectives, and alternative solutions according to the real manager’s priority. The results show that the spatial pattern and other spatial demands affect the harvest possibilities. It was confirmed that a compromise solution from both forest management and nature conservation could be achieved using the presented harvest scheduling approach.
Differential Performance between Two Timber Species in Forest Logging Gaps and in Plantations in Central Africa
Authors: Fayolle Adeline , Ouédraogo Dakis-Yaoba , Ligot Gauthier , Daïnou Kasso , Bourland Nils , Tekam Patrice , Doucet Jean-Louis
Published: February 2015

To develop silvicultural guidelines for high-value timber species of Central African moist forests, we assessed the performance of the pioneer Milicia excelsa (iroko, Moraceae), and of the non-pioneer light demander Pericopsis elata (assamela, Fabaceae) in logging gaps and in plantations in highly degraded areas in south-eastern Cameroon. The survival and size of each seedling was regularly monitored in the silvicultural experiments. Differences in performance and allometry were tested between species in logging gaps and in plantations. The two species performance in logging gaps was significantly different from plantations and concurred with the expectations of the performance trade-off hypothesis but not with the expectations of species light requirements. The pioneer M. excelsa survived significantly better in logging gaps while the non-pioneer P. elata grew significantly faster in plantations. The high mortality and slow growth of M. excelsa in plantations is surprising for a pioneer species but could be explained by herbivory (attacks from a gall-making psyllid). Identifying high-value native timber species (i) with good performance in plantations such as P. elata is of importance to restore degraded areas; and (ii) with good performance in logging gaps such as M. excelsa is of importance to maintain timber resources and biodiversity in production forests.
Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Promote Cementoblast Differentiation and Mineralization through the TGF-β/Smad Signaling Pathway
Authors: Li Lu , Zhu Zhimin , Xiao Weixiong , Li Lei
Published: February 2015

Excretion of cementum by cementoblasts on the root surface is a process indispensable for the formation of a functional periodontal ligament. This study investigated whether carboxyl group-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-COOH) could enhance differentiation and mineralization of mammalian cementoblasts (OCCM-30) and the possible signaling pathway involved in this process. Cementoblasts were incubated with various doses of MWCNT-COOH suspension. Cell viability was detected, and a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observed both the nanomaterials and the growth of cells cultured with the materials. Alizarin red staining was used to investigate the formation of calcium deposits. Real-time PCR and western blot were used to detect cementoblast differentiation and the underlying mechanisms through the expression of the osteogenic genes and the downstream effectors of the TGF-β/Smad signaling. The results showed that 5 µg/mL MWCNT-COOH had the most obvious effects on promoting differentiation without significant toxicity. Alp, Ocn, Bsp, Opn, Col1 and Runx2 gene expression was up-regulated. Smad2 and Smad3 mRNA was up-regulated, while Smad7 was first down-regulated on Day 3 and later up-regulated on Day 7. The elevated levels of phospho-Smad2/3 were also confirmed by western blot. In sum, the MWCNT-COOH promoted cementoblast differentiation and mineralization, at least partially, through interactions with the TGF-β/Smad pathway.
Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of Polyhydroxylated trans-Restricted 2-Arylcinnamic Acids
Authors: Miliovsky Mitko , Svinyarov Ivan , Prokopova Elena , Batovska Daniela , Stoyanov Simeon , Bogdanov Milen
Published: February 2015

A series of sixteen polyhydroxylated trans-restricted 2-arylcinnamic acid analogues 3a–p were synthesized through a one-pot reaction between homophthalic anhydrides and various aromatic aldehydes, followed by treatment with BBr3. The structure of the newly synthesized compounds was confirmed by spectroscopic methods and the configuration around the double bond was unequivocally estimated by means of gated decoupling 13C-NMR spectra. It was shown that the trans-cinnamic acid fragment incorporated into the target compounds’ structure ensures the cis-configuration of the stilbene backbone and prevents further isomerization along the carbon–carbon double bond. The antioxidant activity of compounds 3a–p was measured against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH●), hydroxyl (OH●) and superoxide (O2●▬) radicals. The results obtained showed that the tested compounds possess higher activities than natural antioxidants such as protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid and gallic acid. Moreover, it was shown that a combination of two different and independently acting fragments of well-known pharmacological profiles into one covalently bonded hybrid molecule evoke a synergistic effect resulting in higher than expected activity. To rationalize the apparent antioxidant activity and to establish the mechanism of action, a SAR analysis and DFT quantum chemical computations were also performed.
Land Subsidence over Oilfields in the Yellow River Delta
Authors: Liu Peng , Li Qingquan , Li Zhenhong , Hoey Trevor , Liu Yanxiong , Wang Chisheng
Published: February 2015

Subsidence in river deltas is a complex process that has both natural and human causes. Increasing human activities like aquaculture and petroleum extraction are affecting the Yellow River delta, and one consequence is subsidence. The purpose of this study is to measure the surface displacements in the Yellow River delta region and to investigate the corresponding subsidence source. In this paper, the Stanford Method for Persistent Scatterers (StaMPS) package was employed to process Envisat ASAR images collected between 2007 and 2010. Consistent results between two descending tracks show subsidence with a mean rate up to 30 mm/yr in the radar line of sight direction in Gudao Town (oilfield), Gudong oilfield and Xianhe Town of the delta, each of which is within the delta, and also show that subsidence is not uniform across the delta. Field investigation shows a connection between areas of non-uniform subsidence and of petroleum extraction. In a 9 km2 area of the Gudao Oilfield, a poroelastic disk reservoir model is used to model the InSAR derived displacements. In general, good fits between InSAR observations and modeled displacements are seen. The subsidence observed in the vicinity of the oilfield is thus suggested to be caused by fluid extraction.