bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial and Temporal Evolution in the Unsaturated Zone of Pollutants Resulting from Accidental Discharges of Petroleum Products
Authors: Simion Alexandru Florin , Călămar Angelica , Simion Sorin , Kovacs Marius
Published: December 2020

The exploitation and processing of oil resources are factors of regional progress and development; in this regard, the final products resulting from exploitation and subsequent refining can be accidentally spilt on the ground destabilizing the relationships between flora, fauna, water and soil, generating irreversible effects on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The impact of the effects generated by petroleum products on soil and water resources is limiting nature and imposes severe measures to restrict the resources used for economic, administrative and consumption purposes. Experimental research involves the usage of geostatistical methods for modelling the unsaturated area and the usage of specialized applications for estimating the dispersion of pollutants in the studied area based on an accidental pollution scenario. The application of the method used in the areas with a significant risk of contamination (oil fields) it aims to identify the movement of the contaminant at various times and concentrations in order to choose the best measures to reduce and minimize pollution of the unsaturated (vadose) zone. The objectives of the reduction and minimization measures are to limit the transfer of contaminants in the saturated area or to the strategic drinking water reserves. The applied method supports researchers, hydrologists, hydrogeologists, environmental engineers who want to deepen the transition elements of the pollutant in the unsaturated area, the phenomenology and dispersion of pollutants in waters located in the unsaturated area and the problems caused by pollutants on the environment.
Study of high temperature oxidation of zirconium fuel element claddings with chromiferous coatings
Authors: Polunin K K , Mokrushin A A , Urusov A A
Published: December 2020

This paper presents the results of the study of resistance to corrosion of zirconium fuel element cladding fragments protected with nichrome and chrome coatings. Experiments were conducted on coatings deposition on fuel element claddings by cathodic arc deposition and electrochemical deposition methods. Argon ion beam pretreatment of the cladding surface is shown to have a beneficial effect on coating adhesion. Studies of resilience of the coatings were conducted in the atmosphere of super-heated steam at 900 °C and with an exposure of up to 10000 seconds. It has been shown that the coatings deposited impede formation of ZrO2 oxide layer at the outer surface and reduce the depth of oxygen penetration into the metallic sublayer as compared with the samples in their original condition.
Measurement of internal friction of Zr–1%Nb alloy after oxidation and nitriding
Authors: Anan’in V , Kalin B , Sumarokova A
Published: December 2020

This paper presents results of research of the Zr–1% Nb alloy using internal friction on sheet samples after oxidation due to leakage of air into the measurement facility, as well as after nitriding in an atmosphere of technical nitrogen. The measured temperature dependences of internal friction have been separated into partial maxima with the calculation of the effective activation energy according to the Wert-Marx formula. The purpose of the work is to detect the maxima of the internal friction of interstitial impurities in the alloy. It has been established that the oxygen maximum in successive measurements has activation energy 225, 222, 204 kJ/mol, and the nitrogen maximum has 234–236 kJ/mol. After lengthy high-temperature measurements, a carbon maximum appeared with activation energy 165 kJ/mol. For the grainboundary maximum activation energy from 197 to 203 kJ/mol was obtained for different samples, while the maximum height monotonously decreased with oxidation. These results for the Zr–1% Nb alloy were obtained for the first time and can be useful in corrosion tests of zirconium alloys.
Obtaining permanent connections by electromagnetic method
Authors: Ageev S , Nescoromniy S , Strizakov E
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the technological processes of magnetic pulse crimping for the production of non-removable metal, metal-glass and metal-ceramic units. The analysis of connection of stranded wires with tips of onboard cable networks of aviation and space equipment. Assembly of metal-glass fuses and metal-ceramic knots of electrovacuum devices is carried out. The use of uniform remote electromagnetic influence on the assembled units allows for more dense packing of conductive conductors in the contacts, eliminate soldering and provide heat dissipation in the insulation units of ultrahigh frequency devices.
Pulsed powder technologies for the production of permanent compounds from heterogeneous materials
Authors: Vinogradov V , Strizhakov E , Nescoromniy S
Published: December 2020

A study of the process of high-speed consolidation of powder materials with simultaneous formation of a welded joint with the surface of the metal base is presented. Thermal and power effects are used as a result of passing a current pulse through the powder composition and the inductor. The electric scheme of serial connection of a zone of processing and the magnetic hammer consisting of the flat inductor and the pusher is offered. The device of electric pulse welding-pressing is connected to the pulse current generator with a capacitive energy storage. Pulsed currents with amplitude of 200 – 300 kA allow to obtain Joule heat, warming up the composition to premelting temperatures (0.6 – 0.8) Tp., and magnetic pressure of 500·106 N / mm2 during the process (100 · 200) · 10−6 s. energy-intensive equipment up to 10 kJ with a discharge current frequency of 5 kHz is used. The study of the connection zone showed that the welding of the composition with monolithic materials occurs in the solid phase, no new structures are formed. The introduction of a monolithic material in the form of a wire into the pressing zone allows to obtain a connection of different materials with the preservation of the original structure. The powder composition is in this case the connecting element. Thus, copper compounds with steel, aluminum, brass and other materials are obtained. The dependences of the strength of compounds on the discharge energy of pulse current generator are obtained.
Botanical insecticide of chili and ginger extract on Nilaparvata lugens, brown planthopper
Authors: Noor Hasyierah M S , Norhidayah A , Rahayu M Alina , Adilah A , Nur Humaira I
Published: December 2020

Invasion ofNilaparvata lugensor brown planthopper (BPH) in paddy fields has led to the use of excessive chemical insecticides due to its effectiveness. However, excessive applications has contributed several negative effects on the environment, farmers as well as non-targeting organisms. As an alternative, a mixture of a botanical insecticide containing mixture of chili and ginger extracts have been studied. Three parameters were studied namely the extract concentration, time of exposure and temperature of exposure. The results showed that 90% of BPH mortality was found at 40% extract concentration with 72 hr duration time of exposure at optimal temperature 30°C. HPLC analysis proved the presence of capsaicin and gingerol at peaks of 4.502 min and 11.046 min respectively. From repellency analysis, the BPH showed selective repel action against the treated paddy. This is due to the pungent odor contributed from compound of gingerol, shogaol and capsaicin presented in the mixture. Meanwhile, contact toxicity studies have successfully give 100% of mortality of BPH. Microscopic analysis have shown BPH deformities was increased by the extract concentration.
Torrefaction of Leucaena Leucocephala in a fixed-bed reactor
Authors: Awang A N , Mohamed A R , Mohd Salleh N H
Published: December 2020

Raw biomass contained low energy and high moisture content which contributed to its limitation as energy source. However, the biomass properties can be improved via torrefaction method. Torrefaction is a biomass pretreatment method that is performed between 200-300 °C using slow heating rate in an inert condition. In this study, Leucaena Leucocephala (Leucaena) was torrefied in a fixed-bed reactor at 20 °C/min from 200-300 °C at holding times of 20 min. The changes in the elemental and chemical properties of Leucaena were studied using a few methods of analysis such as proximate, elemental analysis and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer. When the torrefaction temperature was increased from 200 to 300 °C, the oxygen to carbon (O/C) and hydrogen to carbon (H/C) ratio of torrefied Leucaena reduced significantly. From FTIR, the broad peak at wavenumber of approximately 3400 cm−1 due to the presence of OH group reduced in its intensity upon increasing torrefaction temperature from 200 to 300 °C which indicated that the degree of hydrophobicity of torrefied Leucaena had improved.
Comparison of Ultrasonic And Acoustic Sound Treatments on Grey Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus Sajor-caju) Cultivated on Sawdust And Kenaf Waste
Authors: Binti Hasnoel Mazidi Mazlin Nur Iman , Ibrahim Roshita , Teck Tan Soon
Published: December 2020

Sound stimulation and substrate are among the main factors that enhance the formation of fruiting bodies in order to increase the productivity of grey oyster mushroom. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of ultrasonic and acoustics sound treatments on grey oyster mushroom (Pleurotus Sajor-caju) cultivated on rubber tree sawdust and kenaf waste. The growth performance, yield and post-harvest quality of grey oyster mushroom were determined. Mushroom bags were treated with ultrasonic and acoustic sound every 5 days intervals during mycelia growth. Sound treated mushroom bags had faster growth rate and treatment with acoustic sound appeared to be a better treatment among all the treatments. In terms of yield, sawdust obtained a relatively higher amount of total weight of fruiting bodies, greater biological efficiency and bigger number of fruiting bodies than kenaf waste. Acoustic sound contributed to a higher in yield but has the highest substrate utilization among all treatments. Sawdust shows no significant different (p>0.05) in physical characteristics such as pileus diameter compared to kenaf waste but both of them showed significant different (p<0.05) among different treatments. Acoustic sound had firmer and showed relatively darker compared to other treatments. Substrate of sawdust had a relatively higher of moisture content of pileus and stem than kenaf waste. Among all the treatments used, mushroom bag treated with acoustic and cultivated on sawdust was the best treatment due to is relatively faster growth performance and higher yield.
Kinetics Analysis on Catalytic Pyrolysis of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) with Copper Oxide Doped Aluminium Oxide (CuO/Al2O3) Catalyst
Authors: Mohamed A R , Zin A M , Ahmad Termizi S N A , Sohaimi K S A , Izhar N I I N
Published: December 2020

This study focuses on dynamic non-catalytic and catalytic pyrolysis of empty fruit bunch (EFB) with copper oxide doped aluminium oxide (CuO/Al2O3) at linear ramp rates of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 40 °Cmin−1 at pyrolysis temperature of 28-1000 °C in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The thermogravimetric profiles for the thermochemical breakdown of EFB under non-catalytic and catalytic pyrolysis with CuO/Al2O3 comprise of three different levels. The kinetics analysis for the reactions were evaluated using the Kissinger and Ozawa methods. The values of activation energy (Ea) for non-catalytic EFB pyrolysis were 167.95 and 177.68 kJmol−1 based on Kissinger and Ozawa methods respectively. For catalytic pyrolysis with approximately 9.09 wt% CuO/Al2O3 catalyst, the values of Ea reduced to 127.72 and 137.42 kJmol−1 by Kissinger and Ozawa methods respectively. These values indicate that the presence of 9.09 wt% CuO/Al2O3 catalyst has successfully reduced Ea value for the EFB pyrolysis reaction.
Compost Physical Properties Study on Degradation of Poultry Manure Composting in Closed-Aerated Composter
Authors: Zailani S N , Lee C T , Zainol N A , Yusoff N A , Sohaimi K S A
Published: December 2020

A variety of parameters including physical, chemical, and biological properties of different input materials contribute to different composting performance. This study aimed to investigate the compost physical properties (bulk density, porosity, specific surface area and water holding capacity) on the composting process at different initial moisture content (MC). The degradation of total organic carbon (TOC) for the compost inoculated with Bacillus coagulans (BC) and effective microorganism (EM) was determined. The composting materials consisted of 50 % sawdust, 12 % chicken dung and 38 % rice husk with a fixed initial C/N ratio of 30. A closed-aerated composter was fabricated with an optimum air flow rate of 0.3 L/min.kg compost to avoid O2 limitation for 7 d of composting. The compost temperature was recorded to exhibit the active reaction between microorganisms and compost materials will generate a considerable amount of heat. The effect of the initial MC of the compost bed has been intensively investigated with regards to compaction analysis and compost particle for the composting inoculated with BC or EM in an aerated closed-system composter. The results showed that composting using the single strain of BC provides comparable results to that degraded by the commercial mixed culture EM.
Removal of methylene blue using magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes: process optimization study
Authors: Lim C C , Shuit S H , Enche Ab Rahim S K , Hoo P Y , Ng Q H
Published: December 2020

Adsorption is the most common methods used in industry for the removal of dye. In this study, magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) was served as adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB). Statistical optimization of the MB removal efficiency via response surface methodology coupled with central composite design was performed and reported. It was observed that all three experimental parameters: adsorption temperature (25-50°C), MB concentration (10-50 ppm) and MMWCNTs dosage (0.01-0.05 g/20mL) were significant in the removal of MB. The optimized conditions of 99.21 % MB removal efficiency can be achieved at adsorption temperature of 38°C, MB concentration of 23 ppm and MMWCNTs dosage of 0.033 g/20mL. The verification of the prediction was performed with 3 repeated experiments and the results were found to be in good agreement with the experimental data with only 0.21 % error.
The influences of filler loading on tensile properties and water absorption properties of carbonized sugarcane bagasse filled high density polyethylene (HDPE) composite
Authors: Mohammad Shah S S , Munirah N R , Noriman N Z
Published: December 2020

This study synthesized carbonized sugarcane bagasse (CSB) filled high density polyethylene (HDPE) composites. The effect of pre-treatment reagent of SB with different concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was examined. The untreated, treated and carbonized SB were characterized by proximate analysis and functional group analysis. By considering all the characteristics, 7 wt% is the optimum concentration which gave lowest moisture content and highest fixed carbon (FC) content. It was chosen to undergo carbonization process at temperature of 600 °C to produce CSB and used as filler in composites. The filler with different loading was mixed with HDPE via extrusion process. The tensile properties, surface morphology and water absorption behaviour of the bio-composites were evaluated. As filler loading increased, the Young’s modulus was increasing gradually. Meanwhile, the tensile strength and elongation at break were increasing up to 5 wt% but then decreasing as filler content increased due to the formation of filler agglomeration in HDPE matrix. The deterioration of the interfacial adhesion of these composites was confirmed by the SEM observations. The percentage of water absorption is gradually increased with increasing the filler loading. In short, the optimum filler loading at 5 wt% imparts good tensile and water absorption properties of composites.
Effect of flow rate, particle size and modifier ratio on the supercritical fluid extraction of anthocyanins from Hibiscus sabdariffa (L).
Authors: Idham Zuhaili , Zaini Ahmad Syahmi , Putra Nicky Rahmana , Rusli Nurfarhain Mohamed , Mahat Noor Sabariah , Yian Lee Nian , Che Yunus Mohd Azizi
Published: December 2020

This work aims to evaluate the effects of different particle size, flow rate and modifier ratio on the extraction yield and anthocyanins content of Hibiscus sabdariffa L (Roselle) by using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) method. SC-CO2 extraction was carried out at constant pressure and temperature, 10MPa and 70°C respectively with 75% (v/v) ethanol as a modifier. The result shows that 120 minutes was the efficient extraction time at a determination of flow rate. The trend and results for the extraction yield and anthocyanins were varied in all parameters studied. The finding shows that a low flow rate (4 ml/min), smaller particle size (200-355 µm) and high percentage ratio of modifier (10%) could obtain more anthocyanins content. Thus, the manipulation of several parameters in the SC-CO2 extraction process could enhance the selectivity of anthocyanins extraction from the total extract.
Hexane-isopropanol Extraction And Quality Assessment Of Omega-3 Fish Oil From Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar)
Authors: Iberahim N I , Tan B C
Published: December 2020

Atlantic salmon (Salmo Salar) is one of the fish species that rich in omega-3 fatty acids. Consumption of omega-3 fatty acids can lower down the risk of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease. The extraction of omega-3 fish oil from Atlantic salmon by using hexane and isopropanol was conducted in this research. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to study the impact of parameters which were temperature (50-90°C), centrifuge speed (1000-3000rpm) and solvent ratio of hexane to isopropanol (0.5-1.5) to the percentage of oil yield. The results obtained shows that 15.23%± 0.61 of oil yield from Atlantic salmon under an optimum condition of 70°C, 3000 rpm and solvent ratio of hexane to isopropanol of 1.5. The acid value, peroxide value and p-anisidine value of the fish oil obtained were 7.48 mg KOH/g, 1.94 meq/kg and 5.56 respectively which were all within the acceptable limit which stipulated by Global Organization for EPA and DHA (GOED) and Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The FTIR analysis proved the presence of alkane and carboxylic acid in the fish oil. Furthermore, GC-MS analysis showed that the fish oil contains higher monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) contents followed by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and 4.5525% of total omega-3 fatty acids.
Studies on factors affecting unconfined compressive strength of industrial rubber sludge containing heavy metals treated using ordinary Portland cement via stabilization/solidification technique
Authors: Abdul Rani A L , Rashid N A , Abdullah M A H , Omar M F , Salim A S , Anuar N A I
Published: December 2020

High concentration of selected heavy metals within industrial rubber sludge collected from rubber industry wastewater treatment plant has classified the waste as scheduled waste. Special treatment to the waste by using ordinary Portland cement via solidification/stabilization (S/S) technique has been performed in laboratory scale. The objective of this research is to determine related factors that affect unconfined compressive strength (UCS) performance of stabilised/solidified (s/s) cube specimens which contains industrial rubber sludge waste. Other parameters observed include the curing condition (i.e. air and water immersion curing method), waste composition, specimen age and density. The prepared fresh mix were cast in plastic moulds in order to produce 50 mm3 cubical shape specimens and leaved to set approximately 24 to 48 hours. The prepared specimen batches are S1 (90% OPC + 10% waste), S2 (70% OPC + 30% waste), S3 (50% OPC + 50% waste). UCS was performed on respective specimen age of 7 and 28 days. Positive results were obtained as relatively the average compressive strength of 7 day air cured specimens reach 5.25 MPa, 5.28 MPa, and 2.16 MPa for S1, S2 and S3.While, 28 days air cured specimens results are 9.59 MPa, 8.01 MPa, and 1.46 MPa for S1, S2, and S3 respectively. As for water immersion, the compressive strengths are 8.19 MPa, 4.93 MPa, and 1.90 MPa for 7 days, and 7.75 MPa, 10.10 MPa, and 2.11 MPa for 28 days at respective S1, S2 and S3 sequence. As conclusion, the specimens prepared passed the minimum requirement for secured landfill disposal which is at 1 MPa.
Case Study of sewerage pipe installation using Pipe Jacking and Micro-tunnelling Boring Machine (MTBM) in Ipoh
Authors: Aiman Muhammad Shafiq , Hadri M , Mohamad H
Published: December 2020

This paper provides a review of the sewerage pipe installations near Jalan Pengkalan Perindustrian, Ipoh Perak using pipe jacking and micro-tunneling methods. The alignment of the pipe installation involving tunneling and jacking beneath the KTMB (Kereta Api Tanah Melayu Berhad) railway track with 191 m distance from jacking to receiving pit. The average jacking force of the micro-tunneling boring machine varies over distance and the highest recorded was 310 tons at 190 m distance from jacking pit meanwhile 50 tons was the lowest jacking force within 10 m distance from the jacking pit. The trend of the advance rate, mm/m shows the similarity with the average jacking force. The higher average of jacking force leads to a higher value of advance rate with the highest and lowest value was 270 mm/m and 5 mm/m respectively. The excessive deviation for both line and level affect the magnitude of the ground surface settlement where 100 mm and 130 mm for both line and level produce 30 mm of ground surface settlement at 40 m distance from the jacking pit. As the machine advances further and has better control in deviation, the settlement decrease where the value for both line and level below 30 mm, the settlement decrease to 10 mm at 80 m distance from the jacking pit and the trend continues to decrease for both deviation and settlement. The maximum settlement for the railway track was 2 mm after the MTBM passing through and still within the allowable limit set by KTMB (10 mm over 10 m chords for intervention).
Natural Drainage Transporter System for Rainfall-Induced Residual Soil Slope Stabilisation – a review
Authors: Baharudin Nur Azlin , Kassim Azman , Ahmad Kamarudin
Published: December 2020

The rainfall-induced residual soil slope stability issues constitute a major threat to both lives and property particularly in tropical country which characterized as intense and long duration rainfall. Capillary barrier system (CBS) is a well-known alternative in controlling the pore-water pressure built up and percolation. There were various studies has been done to improve the CBS performance but it shows that the performance of the conventional CBS under intense rainfall has not been particularly convincing. The application of transport layer with CBS as a cover to prevent percolation of rainfall infiltration into residual soil slope and landfill has been studied however the effectiveness was assured. This review article discusses the application of unsaturated drainage transport layer system as an intermediate layer at natural soil layer to divert rainfall infiltration laterally for residual soil slope stabilisation. A drainage transport system is a great alternative to increase lateral diversion capacity at the interface of Grade VI and Grade V soil slope layers and delay breakthrough occurrences.
Application of Photogrammetric Technique in Determination of Rock Slope Stability of Quarry
Authors: Ismail Afiqah , Rashid Ahmad Safuan A , Sa’ari Radzuan , Rasib Abd Wahid
Published: December 2020

Identify the characterization and orientation of the discontinuities such as joint, bedding and fault is a requirement in rock slope stability analysis because discontinuities control the type of failure. Until today, geologist still practices the classical method to determine the dip and strike of discontinuities which is by using Brunton compass at the field. It is difficult to measure at the inaccessible area, dangerous when having physical contact with the steep, fractured slope and time consuming to cover a large area are limitations of this method. A recent development in remote sensing has introduced Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) as an indirect method in mapping the rock slopes by using the point cloud data. TLS allows for extremely rapid acquisition of large amounts of 3D coordinates of objects’ surfaces, with high precision measurement. The aim of this paper is to apply Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) in determine the dip and strikes of the joints and compare the value with the hand measurement at a granite quarry in Ulu Choh, Johor. Analysis of the data shows the TLS method able to obtain the data for the joints and show almost the same trend. Thus, TLS is an efficient technology in geological practice.
Adaptive PD Controller Performance for Direct Cooling of Thermoelectric Refrigerator
Authors: Saifizi M. , Manan M R , Jalaluddin B Mat , Mohd Jobran Junaidah Ali , Mustafa Wan Azani , Kawi R Md , Lee T W , Mat Piah M S , Diana N S
Published: December 2020

Refrigerator is the key component to keep the medicine and biological sample in the hospital. The domestic refrigerator has the problem of larger size and heavier weight since to the compact system like condenser, compressor, evaporator and expansion valve are assemble and using in the refrigerator. This project focused on design of temperature control of the portable thermoelectric refrigerator for medical purpose. Thermoelectric refrigerator is using the direct cooling method through thermoelectric module. Thermoelectric refrigerator has several advantages such as smaller size, lighter and silent when operated. Since maintain a constant temperature for the storage of medical product is important, a specific refrigerator is needed to ensure the medicine is stored in desired temperature. This project is to design and develop an adaptive control system which can perform a good temperature control for the thermoelectric refrigerator. The second order model is applied to design adaptive Proportional-Derivative (PD) controller. The selected controller is the adaptive PD controller because the performance of response shows 0.42°C of less steady state error and 0.21°C of lower undershoot. The adaptive PD control system designed able to let the refrigerator operate in different operating condition without influence the performance of the refrigerator.
Test Frequency Optimization Using Single Factor ANOVA for Capacitive Oil Palm Fruit Ripeness Sensor
Authors: Abdul Aziz Abdul Hallis , Abuzar Siti Azura , Azol Mas Elyna , Che Rose Nurol Husna , Mohmad Rohaslida Liyana
Published: December 2020

The traditional method of palm oil fruit ripeness grading requires manual human observation imposing time consumption. This paper describes the work to determine best frequency gritted for capacitive ripeness grading. To find the ripeness, the frequency response of ripe and unripe fruitlet in between capacitive plates is evaluated. Parallel plate that is connected to resistor in series is used as the sensor. The function generator is used to give a sinusoidal wave frequency or known as Vin that gives input from 20 kHz to 300 kHz and the oscilloscope is used to obtain the output reading which is the difference in value of the Vpp. From the result, it is observed that there is difference between ripe and unripe fruitlet also the frequency of 100 kHz and below shows that the reading can be differentiate between fruitlet. After the frequency past the 100 kHz the reading is hard to differentiate before at one point the graph will become static even the weight of each fruitlet is difference.
Wearable Child safety System
Authors: Jayanthi A N , Malathi L. , Munaf S. , Bharathi A.
Published: December 2020

The paper focuses on a smart wearable device used for children. The main benefit of this wearable compared to other wearable is that it can be used in any of smart mobile phones and does not need a very costly mobile phone and not a highly technical human. The main idea of this wearable safety system is to aid the parents in finding their child very easily. In the current scenario, there are lot of wearable that monitors the routine behavior and activities of children and also help to find the child using Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) and Bluetooth services that are available on the device. But both of them seems to be an unsecured communication in between the parent and the child. Therefore, the objective of this paper is SMS (Short message service) text enabled link in between the child’s wearable and the respective parent. The main idea for achieving this is Global System of Mobile Communication (GSM). The parent has to send a text message in the form of SMS using words like “Temperature”, “SOS”, “Location”, “Buzz” etc., to the wearable system. The wearable device sends an acknowledgement in the form of a text showing the location of the child and will provide the atmospheric temperature, so that the parents can have a track if the temperature does not suit the child. The next measure that can be taken is by using a SOS Light that is bright. Distress alarm buzzer present on the wearable device can also be activated by the parents through SMS text to display the SOS signal very clearly and rings an alarm which the nearby public can immediately react to the safety of the child till the parents come or they can try to reach he parents and assist in locating the child.
Control of Hybrid Distributed Energy Resources with Storage Connected to Microgrid
Authors: Ferdous Md Musabbir , Pasupuleti Jagadeesh
Published: December 2020

Renewable energy based distributed generators (DGs) assume an overwhelming role in electricity creation, with the expansion in global warming. Distributed generation dependent on wind, solar energy, diesel generator the utilization of energy units and battery energy storage will give significant force in the near future. Advantages like environmental friendliness, expandability, and adaptability have made distributed generation, controlled by different renewable and nonconventional micro-sources, an attractive alternative for designing current electrical system. A microgrid consists of a group of loads and distributed generators that work as a single controllable system. The microgrid idea presents the decrease of numerous reverse conversions in an individual AC or DC grid and encourages associations with variable renewable AC and DC sources and loads to power systems. To the customer the microgrid can be designed to meet their special requirements; such as enhancement of local reliability, reduction of feeder losses, local voltages support, increased efficiency using waste heat, correction of voltage sag or uninterruptible power supply. Here photovoltaic system, wind turbine, generator, and battery are utilized for the advancement of the microgrid. Additionally, control systems are actualized for the converters to appropriately facilitate the AC to DC and DC to AC. However, the performance of the optimal fuzzy controller is also justified by comparing with the PI based controller. The outcomes are obtained from the MATLAB/SIMULINK condition.
Design and implementation of PK-PD model based PID controller for closed loop anesthesia regulation
Authors: Veerakumar S , AnandBabu V , Varun B
Published: December 2020

Anesthesia is a way to control pain during a surgery and also helps to maintain the patient blood pressure, blood flow, and heart rate etc., Regulating the depth of anesthesia is a difficult task, since anesthetists has to consider nonlinearity, inter and intra-patient variability, multivariable characteristics, variable time delays, dynamics dependent on the hypnotic agent, variability in model analysis. Automatic anesthesia regulation aims to automatically regulate the anesthesia levels by considering the several physiological measurements of patients. In this work we are study a safe and capable progress for hypnotic drug propofol delivery using closed loop control technology and Bispectral Index (BIS) have used to measure the depth of anesthesia. A control strategy that combines a bispectral index and pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamics models Proportional, Integral, Derivative (PID) controller were investigated. The controller compares the calculated BIS value with its input reference for the path of the hypnotic drug propofol and then the controller manages the anesthetic of propofol entering the anesthetic process to attain the desired BIS value.
UDP-TRIZ model improvement with a focus group discussion of TRIZ experts
Authors: Shahrin S , Rahman K A A A , Kamarudin K M , Me R Che , Razali J R , Abidin I , Aminuddin M M M , Mustaffa I , Jalal M F A , Hassan M F C
Published: December 2020

Universal Design is a fundamentals of good design. A product with Universal Design approach should provide wide range of solution for people with different purposes including those with diverse disabilities. However, designers often based on a subjective understanding of Universal Design Principles (UDP) to formulate design solutions. This result in the inaccurate conversion of design needs. A systematic approach is needed in order to develop a concept to meet the customer need. Previous studies shown potential integration of the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) proposed to create a systematic approach for problem-solving requires creativity abilities. The purpose of this study is to explore the construction of the integration model of UDP and TRIZ 40 inventive principles. To construct the integration model of UDP and TRIZ 40 inventive principles, this study will use focus group discussion of certified TRIZ experts in the exploration of establishing an integration model of UDP and TRIZ 40 inventive principles. The further discussion onto the elements required to create the integration model by the TRIZ experts will be taken into consideration to construct a final model UDP-TRIZ model. Finally, the results are expected to lead towards a final integration model of the UDP and TRIZ integration model.
Design and structural analysis of 3D-printed modular furniture joints
Authors: Aiman A F , Sanusi H , Haidiezul A H M , Cheong H Y
Published: December 2020

Modular furniture joint defined as a connection used to connect two or more wood pieces to produce furniture with multiple functions. Notofusy furniture joint made from plywood was less expensive. However, during the manufacturing process, it was occasionally caused tear-out of wood fibre. Therefore, this research has been carried out to investigate and compare the existing material and Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) fabrication method on the designed modular furniture joint. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of elasto-plastic method from ABAQUS CAE software and three-point bending test were used to evaluate the structural analysis of designed modular furniture joint. In this research, the final concept selected was able to withstand load up to 730 kg and it only weights 113.59 g. The long-term goal for this research was to evaluate the possibility of producing end products using FDM technology. It was found that FDM contributed to cost effective in low volume production. In this research, the material focused were Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PETG). However, future studies can be conducted to evaluate the possibility of using other 3D printing materials.
High specific heterocontacts of p-CuO/n-ZnO thin film composites for enhanced sunlight absorption
Authors: Syazwani A S , Marina M , Rahman W , Zamzuri M Z M , Hadi H , Syahmi R M A
Published: December 2020

This study is focused on investigating the heterocontacts development between p-CuO and n-ZnO semiconductor composite for enhancing its sunlight absorption. CuO and ZnO are chosen as precursors due to their many potentials. High absorption of sunlight is one of the most important criteria in photovoltaic (PV) device. However poor crystal structure and low contact surface between the p and n semiconductors limits the light intake and is due to several factors. To carry out intensive study on the mechanism of the heterocontact growth, CuO:ZnO thin film is synthesized by mechanical alloying process using high energy ball mill (HEBM) followed by sol gel technique. Three parameters were studied; sol-gel’s surfactant to solvent ratio, annealing temperature and annealing duration. The homogeneity and compounds’ distribution of the composite is analysed by EDS analysis and structural characterization is done with XRD analysis. The UV-VIS analysis is done to determine the light absorbance and the bandgap of the composite. The initial mechanical centrifugation HEBM has aided the process for homogenizing the composite and boost the heterointerface between the semiconductors by mechanochemical effects such as phase transformations and solid-state reactions. EDS analysis reported that 500°C annealed specimen giving the lowest percentage of ratio gap than others temperature and the heterocontact surface between molecules of material also increased. Uv-Vis analysis also agrees with EDS, showing the specimen having highest absorbance spectra. However, bandgap narrowing occurred in the specimen, as resulted by the coexistence of transitional metal Cu in the composite system. XRD analysis shows a near single oriented crystal growth which promotes clean growth of crystal structure and hypothetically reduce the presence of unwanted voids and large boundaries.
Numerical evaluation of the motion of fogging flow along the inlet duct of gas turbine engines
Authors: Kofar-Bai D G
Published: December 2020

Computational fluid dynamic analysis of inlet duct fogging system was carried out to understand the characteristics flow of nozzles spray along the air inlet duct channel of Alstom GT13E2 gas turbine, the numerical work is validated using wind tunnel experimental data of previous study. Flow resistance on the nozzle were studied at specified reference locations. The results obtained have shown that, fogging spray possesses significant effects on mass flow rate due transfer of heat of evaporation caused by air to the liquid droplets in the inlet duct, which greatly influence the performance of the compressor and turbine. An adequately space between the nozzles array and compressor bell mouth produces mass flow rate evaporability up to 87.63% and temperature difference drop by roughly 6°C. The pressure distribution becomes uniformly and squarely distributed when positioned at least 2.0 m away from the nozzle array. The current research offers an inclusive coverage on the droplets evaporative cooling effects, air flow resistance through pressure drop and their effects on the compressor performances, it is our desire that the work will be of added benefit to the gas turbine engine designers.
3-D printing and computational fluid analysis of single expansion ramp nozzle
Authors: Benjamin Franklin S , Arul R , Sakthivel T K
Published: December 2020

To develop a scram jet nozzle by altering the existing supersonic nozzle design. A SCRAM jet nozzle alias, Supersonic combustion RAM nozzle is typically a derived structure of supersonic nozzle, in which the exit of the nozzle is truncated for minimizing the losses. The speed at the inlet should be greater than five Mach (>5), to give the full characteristics of a SCRAM jet. That means the exit will be greater than five Mach (>5), it attains a hypersonic condition. The SCRAM jet is not used in any of the voyages because it is said to less efficient than other nozzles. This SCRAM jet is a developing stage conceptual design in the flight era. The future will rely on these technologies. Our modification in this technology is to attain a hypersonic condition our modified supersonic nozzle. To attain this there are certain controlling parameters to be considered before designing a nozzle, they are thrust required, lift, drag, friction on sidewalls. These are minimized by swirling the air in the divergent section of the nozzle. The swirling action is attained by having internal helical grooves on the divergent section of the nozzle.
Structural and Surface morphology of Lead Selenide (PbSe) thin films
Authors: Ravi K , Chitra V
Published: December 2020

Lead Selenide (PbSe) thin films are deposited by chemical bath deposition for 2 hours in different temperature. The precursors used are 0.2M of Lead (II) nitrate, 0.5M of Sodium Selenosulfate, 2.0M of Sodium hydroxide and 4ml of Triethanolamine. The film deposition is carried out at 50°C, 60°C, 70°C, and 80°C for 2 hours. The thickness of the film varied in the range from 1400 to 5200Å. The structural characterization of these films is carried out by X–ray diffractometar (JEOL-Japan, JDX 8030 model). The XRD pattern of PbSe films deposited at different temperature exhibit the polycrystalline structure. In the present study, Scanning Electron Microscope (JOEL 840 SEM/EDAX) is employed to analyze the surface morphology of the films. In addition, the compositions of the films are estimated from EDAX Spectrum. Therefore, it is observed that the films deposited in this work, possess strong peaks for Pb and Se and no other impurities are detected through the EDAX Spectrum, confirming high purity of the PbSe thin film.
A study of some cars dynamic parameters in urban traffic flow
Authors: Lyubenov D , Kadikyanov G
Published: December 2020

In this paper different methods for determining some dynamic parameters like longitudinal accelerations of cars are presented. The studies were conducted at different road intersections in Ruse, Bulgaria. Data of accelerating cars in real traffic flow with non-contact equipment, VBOX GPS Data Logger measurement system has been acquired. This study can be used by the experts in forensic accident investigation of vehicles. The data presented in this article can improve the calculations accuracy and the quality of expertise during the accident investigation.
Unsupervised Method for Calculating Diameter and Number of Leukocyte Cells
Authors: Supriyanti Retno , Haeromi Ahmad , Ramadhani Yogi , Siswandari Wahyu
Published: December 2020

Leukocyte has an essential role in the body. Leukocyte has functioned as the body’s immune system function to protect the body from viruses, bacteria, and pathogens. Under normal circumstances, leukocyte has a relatively constant amount. If the number of leukocytes exceeds or is less than usual, health problems can occur. So that the leukocyte cell counts as an indicator of abnormalities and diseases. Digital image processing is an alternative method to identify leukocyte in addition to a hematology analyzer or manually by medical personnel by processing blood images so that the desired information is obtained. Blood images have a variety of lighting conditions, staining time, and cell thickness that cause the various attributes of the blood image. This experiment segmented leukocyte using unsupervised method especially the K-Means clustering method on the hue component of the image after being transformed into HSV color coordinates by grouping leukocyte cell images (great hue value) into one cluster. The results show that the performance of our system as follows, sensitivity 84%, specificity 94%, and accuracy 97%.
Mapping of Tornado Wind Vulnerability using Satellite Data (Study case of Humbang Hasudutan Regency, North Sumatera)
Authors: Darmawan Yahya , Nainggolan Lamtupa , Hutapea Thahir Daniel , Syahputra Makmur Erwin Eka , Munir Ivan Mambaul
Published: December 2020

Tornado wind often occurs in Humbang Hasudutan (Humbahas), North Sumatra. Even though the map of tornado vulnerability has constructed by The National Agency for Disaster Countermeasure (BNPB), but several regions did not yet have this map due to limited observation data. This study’s objective is to map the vulnerability of tornado in Humbahas using satellite data where the satellite data has more significant quality in area coverage and time-series data. The Composite Mapping Analysis (CMA) has been used to model the vulnerability map. There were three factors has used in this model, such as rainfall, land cover, and slope. Based on the tornado vulnerability map, there was an 802,406.24 ha area (74.63%) in Humbahas, classified as “high” risk to Tornado disaster. There was 271,945.46 ha (25.29%), which assigned as “moderate” risk. About 786.51 ha (0.07%) of the Humbahas area has a “low” risk of tornado disaster. As a result, the study area has a “moderate” to “high” risk of tornado wind disaster, then the adaption and mitigation plans need to be done in handling tornado hazard in this region.
Control System for Smart Home Energy Management
Authors: Suryanto Alfian Teguh , Aprillia Bandiyah Sri , Putri Cahyantari Eka
Published: December 2020

The Increasing energy demand for residential load is often associated with a lot of energy waste due to lack of a good energy management system. In this work, we propose an intelligent energy management system (EMS) which is designed to control the electrical energy source from solar energy and the power plant from PLN resources both automatically and manually based on the Internet of Things. This control system can be controlled remotely during the process of connecting and disconnecting backup power sources that can be accessed through smartphone devices. Based on the test results of the control system of displacement of energy sources, the DC voltage sensor accuracy value is 99.44% and the PLN voltage measurement has an accuracy of 98.31%. In the control system transfer to a backup power source with manual control has an average duration of time of 0.74 seconds while the automatic control has an average duration of time of 0.98 seconds to 1.33 seconds and for automatic control with priority reading the battery capacity of 12.75 Volts can do transfer from the PLN power source to the backup power source and transfer to the PLN source if the voltage is less than 10.5 Volts with a 100% success rate.
Energy Consumption Performance on IEEE 802.11ah Networks with Station Grouping Scheme
Authors: Aminah A S , Perdana D , Wahidah I
Published: December 2020

Sending packages from the sender to the recipient at the station requires adequate resources. To ensure messages in the form of text, data, images, and videos are received in real-time, reliably, and flexibly, power performance with low energy consumption is required at the station. IEEE 802.11ah can be one of the wireless technologies to overcome this problem by saving low power consumption, the transmission range of 1 km and access points can reach 8191 stations. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of energy-saving consumption by station grouping which is regulated in the regulation of the number of RAW slots. From the results of this study, energy savings were obtained by dividing the two groups when the station numbered 900 stations with an energy consumption of 8.105 joules while in one group with a smaller station scale the total energy consumption of 8.124 joules was obtained. The second scheme is by dividing slots (NRawSlot) to reduce energy consumption in large station capacities. The NRawSlot division is divided into seven-slot with energy consumption of 8,105 joules. It is proven that energy consumption is more efficient by grouping with more station capacity.