bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adams-Oliver Syndrome (OSA)
Authors: Ourrai Abdelhakim. , Azitoune Sanae. , Hassani Amal. , Agadr Aomar. , Abilkassem Rachid.
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Adams-Oliver's syndrome (SAO) is a rare genetic condition characterized by the association of lumb anomalies and Aplasia cutis congenita in vertex, often accompanied by underlying ossification defect and vascular lesions. The objective through this new observation is to describe the clinical, radiological, therapeutic and evolutionary elements according to what was described up to there in the literature.

Observation: Female newborn child, stemming from a pregnancy followed with normal obstetric ultrasounds. He presents a scalp agenesis, underlying cranial bone aplasia and toes hypoplasia with syndactyly. The association of these two major criteria allowed making the diagnosis of SAO. Moreover, she presents disjointed and large sagittal suture with left parietal bone borders hypoplasia. The notion of periventricular bleeding. The rest of the balance sheet deformation, namely the abdominal ultrasound and echocardiography was without anomalies. The newborn was sent in neurosurgery for restorative treatment, which will be planned at the age of 3 months.

Discussion and Conclusion: This observation illustrates sporadic and not complicated SAO. The absence of complete gene mapping in SAO and therefore of any genetic counseling, prenatal morphological ultrasound, is making important in evolutionary terms of subsequent pregnancies.
Perceived Factors Analysis for Depression and Suicidal Ideation among Bangladeshi University Students Using Association Algorithm
Authors: Alam Md. Mahbubul , Ejaz Md. Sabbir , Hasan Mohammad Kamrul , Khan Md. Ashikur Rahman
Published: December 2023

Depression stands as a prominent and prevalent mental health issue, representing a significant global public health concern. Its emergence can be attributed to diverse factors. Suicide stands as a prominent global cause of death, eliciting concern on a widespread scale. This study was to analyze the perceived factors for depression and suicidal ideation among Bangladeshi university students in Bangladesh. There are so many factors such as Loneliness, Hopelessness, Helplessness, Relationship Issues, Grade problems, Academic Pressure, Parental problems, Money problems, Social Comparison, Social Media Influence, Family Expectations, Lack of Sleep, Uncertain Future, Health Issues, Bullying, Substance Abuse and Unemployment etc. These factors vary among male and female students. Apriori association algorithm were used to calculate support, confidence and lift of factors sets. Frequent factors sets and relationship were found from the work using Apriori association algorithm. The work is an online survey-based study about psychological and stress status of participants and statistical analysis is used for concluding the results. The research participants are Bangladeshi university students, Data collection carried out by online questionnaire. The findings from data analysis indicated that academic pressure (72.41%), uncertain future (56.32%), hopelessness (48.28%), family expectation (47.13%), financial crisis (42.53%), loneliness (41.38%) and unemployment (37.93%) are the key factors. The prevention of suicides is achievable. Hence, identifying depression and forecasting the potential for suicide risk serves as a means to prevent instances of self-harm within the university student population.
Systematic Review of Carbapenem Resistant Gram-negative Infective Endocarditis, Treatment Options and Outcomes
Authors: Walczak A.
Published: December 2023

Background: Gram negative infective endocarditis is rare and usually associated with intravenous drug use or significant healthcare exposure and prosthetic cardiac valves or devices. Carbapenem resistance is a growing concern worldwide with limited drug options for these infections especially serious high inoculum infections such as endocarditis.

Methods: A systematic review examining treatment options and outcomes was conducted with identification of 12 cases in the literature.

Results: Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common organism with left sided valvular involvement being most common. 18 different antibiotic regimens were used with surgery occurring in 5 cases (42%). In hospital mortality was 33% which increased at 6 months post episode. Increased age (p= 0.056) and CCI (p=0.006) appeared to be associated with death. Microbiological cure was more common in patients who received combination therapy with 2 active agents (75% successful) and combination therapy including an active beta-lactam agent (100% successful) but these did not meet statistical significance.

Conclusions: Recommendations for management of this rare condition based on this systematic review and other available evidence are summarised in this review. Management should generally involve multidisciplinary teams, combination therapy with at least 2 active agents including a beta-lactam agent where possible with consideration of surgery in all cases. Evidence is however limited with need for ongoing publication of cases and further research to guide therapy in the future.
The Role Played by Students’ Government in Managing Discipline in Public Secondary Schools
Authors: Gervas Sosthenes
Published: December 2023

The study aimed at assessing the role played by students’ government in managing discipline in public secondary schools in Bukoba municipality, Kagera, Tanzania. This study adopted a mixed methods research approach supported with a convergent parallel research design. The participants were 120 (i.e., 15 HBs, 15 HGs, and 90 SLs). Data collection methods were questionnaires and interviews. Findings have indicated that, prevalent student’s misbehaviours are the use of abusive words among students and to teachers and stealing of others’ property; others are students’ absenteeism in school without excuse, lateness to school, failure to complete assignments and exercises provided by the teacher, noisemaking in class, fighting and  examination malpractices. In regard to the involvement of students’ leaders in the formulation of rules and regulations, findings have established that, students’ leaders are not given an opportunity to provide their views on the already prepared school rules and regulations, on co-curricular activities (sports, games or cultural trips), to formulate rules concerning the design of school uniforms or in the preparation of school rules and regulations. On the issue of the challenges encountered by students’ leaders, findings show that, students’ leaders are challenged with irregular meetings which interfere with academic calendars, lack of feedback from teachers, failure by the students to take instructions from their government. Other challenges failure to complete class assignments and exercises on time, lack of cooperation from students and lack of enough time to engage in private studies. On the strategies employed by students’ leaders in alleviating indiscipline cases in public secondary schools, students’ responses have shown that, students’ leaders inflict corporal punishments to their deviant fellow students or verbal warnings or guidance and counselling groups. Based on the findings above, suggestions and recommendations are provided.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Spectroscopic Study of (E)-2-methoxy-4-((1-phenylethylimino)methyl)phenol
Authors: Traoré Bocar , Excoffier Grégory , Fall Alioune , Thiam Ibrahima Elhadj , Sidibé Mamadou , Diouf Ousmane , Gaye Mohamed
Published: December 2023

A new unsymmetrical ligand (E)-2-methoxy-4-((1-phenylethylimino)methyl)phenol C16N17NO2 (I), was synthetized by one-step condensation reaction. The structure of this new compound was confirmed by elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-Visible and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy techniques. The compound (I) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121 with the following unit cell parameters a = 11.7570 (6) Å, b = 10.0711 (6) Å, c = 23.4478(13) Å, V = 2776.4(3) Å3, Z = 4, R1 = 0.045 and wR2 = 0.125. The title compound crystallizes with two enanti­omers (A and B) in the asymmetric unit which are both in E-stereoisomers. In the crystal structure of the racemic compound, the most noticeable difference between these two mol­ecules is the dihedral angle values between the phenyl rings: 61.61 (1)° and 60.96(1)°.
Bibliometric Analysis of Publications on “Hazards and Health Effects Associated with Welding” From 2010 – 2023
Authors: Ayodeji-Fapohunda G. N.  , Ugwoha E.  , Nwaichi E. O.
Published: December 2023

An overview of the hazards and health effects associated with exposure to welding fumes is provided in this paper through adaptations from various sources. The growing concerns around welding and its attendant health effects are valid as welding fumes are inherently hazardous and are composed of particulate matter from condensed metals and obnoxious gases such as Ozone which have been implicated in the aetiology and pathophysiology of many diseases including cancer. Information currently available from various published study works is described in the review. In accordance with the bibliometric analysis, "The United States" ranks as the most prolific contributor, with a large collection of works from active organizations such as the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Additionally, author cooperation has increased recently and is more common in groups. Three hot themes in welding-related hazards and health effects—"human," "age," and "occupational exposure"—were identified across all keyword analyses. Furthermore, oxidative stress, occupational diseases, risk management, cohort studies, and air pollutants in welding were identified as new themes by the keywords analysis. To the extent that we are aware, this study is the first explicit bibliometric approach to visualize the research field of health and hazard impacts related to welding. It is helpful for locating hotspots in active research now and for speculating on prospective future research areas.
Performance of Strawberry Cultivars under different Growing Environments in Nilgiris
Authors: Karthikeyan S. , Thamaraiselvi S. P. , Sivakumar V. , Lourdusamy D. Keisar
Published: December 2023

Strawberry, an important berry fruit crop with high value and nutritional properties is picking up in the South Indian conditions, especially in Tamil Nadu under temperate region of Nilgiris district. Since the fruit is directly consumed by the children and all group of categories, the choice of varieties and its performance in terms of fruit yield and quality particularly sugar and acidity level will decide the marketability and preference. The field evaluation of strawberry varieties collected from different places and suitability will help the farmers to cultivate and get benefit and profitability out of the crop. A collection of nine strawberry varieties was done and assessed for the performance under greenhouse growing environment, in Nilgiris condition with randomized block design having three replications during the year 2018 to 2020 in Horticultural Research Station, TNAU, Ooty, Nilgiris.The variety Rania recorded better performance for plant height (33.81 cm), plant spread(E-W) [45.38 cm], (N-S) [43.96 cm] during 120 days after planting. Flavia recorded more number of leaves (24.80). Rania recorded a fruit length (4.05 cm), fruit width (11.29 cm), fruit weight (27.62 g). The variety Capri recorded more number of fruits per plant (68.86) which is on par with Flavia (68.80). The fruit quality parameters Total Soluble Solids (TSS) is high with 12.43o brix in Nabila and acidity (0.98 %) in Flaminia. The highest yield per plant (1190.20 g) was recorded in Flavia and with lowest yield in Capri (563.46 g). The variety Flavia recorded maximum in fruit parameters like fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight and highest yield whereas fruit quality parameters of TSS and acidity is highest in Nabila and Flaminia respectively.
Effect of Organic Manure and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis)
Authors: Kannaujiya Abhay Kumar , Singh Jatin Kumar , Mourya Pradumn Kumar , Chaudhary Pravesh , Tripathi Ajay , Chaudhary Amrendra Kumar
Published: December 2023

The investigation entitled, “Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) cv. Snowball-16” was undertaken at the Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agriculture & Natural Sciences, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur. during Rabi season 2022-2023. Seven treatments were used laid out in the randomized block design with three replications in this experiment. It is apparent from the results obtained that the vegetative parameters viz., number of leaves per plant, plant height, the spread of the plant, the diameter of the stem, number of days required for curd initiation and curd maturity, curd size and total biomass production per plant have been significantly influenced by the potential treatments. The maximum number of leaves per plant (20.54) was recorded under the influence of the treatment T4 (50%RDF along with 50%vermicompost). The integration of organic and inorganic nutrient sources in a way such that an equal proportion of nitrogen being supplied by them documented superior results. Treatment T4 resulted in maximum plant height (21.16 cm), the spread of plant (49.38 cm), diameter of the stem (2.82 cm), reduced number of days for curd initiation (68.53 days) and maturity (99.23 days), curd size (18.74 cm) and total biomass production (33.67 g) per plant when compared to control (T1). Yield parameters viz., net weight of curd (1660.57 g), curd yield per plot (38.81 kg) and yield per hectare (421.35q /ha) showed preponderance in response to 50% RDF along with 50% vermicompost, succeeded by treatment involving the integration of 50% RDF along with 50% FYM, which also showed lead response as result obtained in control.
Foliar Spray of NPK and Gibberellic Acid on Growth and Yield of Chickpea Based Intercropping System
Authors: Kumar Kuldeep , Karmakar S. , Singh Arvind Kumar , Singh Ashok Kumar , Kumar Rakesh , Bhargaw Piyush Kumar
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was carried out during rabi seasons of 2019-20 and 2020-21 at Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with 3 replications. The treatments were comprised of 9 main plots, viz., sole chickpea, sole wheat, sole linseed, sole safflower, sole mustard, chickpea + wheat (6:3), chickpea + linseed (6:2), chickpea + safflower (6:2), chickpea + mustard (6:2) and 3 sub-plots viz., water(control), foliar spray of 1% NPK (19:19:19) and GA3 (100 ppm). Results revealed that maximum values of growth parameter (like plant height, dry matter accumulation), yield attributes (like number of pods, capsules, capitula, siliqua/plant and spikes/m2, 100-seed weight in chickpea and 1000-seed weight), grain and straw yield as well as harvest index were recorded under chickpea+ mustard (6:2). With regards to different foliar spray treatments, the maximum values for the above-mentioned parameters were found to be higher under the foliar spray of GA3 (100 ppm) at 45 days after sowing during both the years of experimentation.
Effectiveness of Integrated Management on Fusarium-Nematode wilt Complex Disease of Banana cv. Ney Poovan (AB): Insights from a Field Study
Authors: Murali, R.  , Priyadarshan Ashok , Nagaraja, H.  , Narayanaswamy, H.
Published: December 2023

Banana (Musa spp.) belongs to the family Musaceae is the most important fruit crop in the world, serving as a staple food and source of income in many developing countries. There are several diseases recorded on Banana causing serious losses. Wilt complex disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense and Radopholus similis is considered as a serious threat Banana cultivation. A field experiment was conducted in a randomised complete block design with susceptible Banana variety Nay Poovan (AB) to manage the fungal-nematode wilt complex using treatments of bioagents, organic amendments and chemicals in individual as well as in integrated approach. The experiment results revealed that, Carbendazim (262.73 cm) treated plants had good plant height and it was on par with combined treatments. Among combination treatments, T11 (Neem cake + FYM +T. viride + + P. fluorescens +P. lilacinus + Carbofuran + stem injection of Carbendazim at 5,7,9 months) gave maximum plant height (118.00, 195.27 and 262.60 cm). The least plant height was recorded in control 89.60 cm, 140.00 cm and 188.00 cm at 90, 180 days after planting and at harvest respectively. The final population of R. similis in soil was lowest in T11 (Neem cake + FYM, T. viride+P. fluorescens+P. lilacinus + Carbofuran + stem injection of Carbendazim at 5,7,9 months) (6.33 /200 cc soil), followed by T6 (T. viride + P. lilacinus) (26.33 /200 cc soil), whereas control treatment has maximum (1382.00 /200 cc soil). Regarding wilt incidence, the plants treated with Neem cake + FYM, T. viride+P. fluorescens+P. lilacinus + Carbofuran + stem injection of Carbendazimat 5, 7, 9 months (T11) recorded less incidence (11.12%) as compared to the maximum wilt incidence of 88.89 per cent in control treatment. The next best treatment was T10 (Carbendazim 17.67 %). Individual application the maximum number of hands per bunch, bunch weight and total yield per hectare was recorded in T10(Carbendazim) 13.80, 12.75 kg and 45.75 t/ha), T2(P. Fluorescens) (9.67, 9.73 kg and 36.05 t/ha) and least was recorded in T9 (Carbofuron) (8.75, 8.25 kg and 32.50 t/ha) compare to control. Among the combined treatments, the maximum number of hands per bunch (19.75), bunch weight (16.80 kg) and total yield per hectare (26.33 t/ha) was recorded in treatment T11 (Neem cake + FYM, T. viride+P. fluorescens+P. lilacinus + Carbofuran + stem injection of Carbendazim at 5, 7, 9 months). The economic analysis revealed that, the T11 had recorded a maximum benefit cost ratio of 4.26 followed by T10 – Carbendazim (3.96) percent incidence and the least benefit cost ratio was recorded by control (1.23).
Assessing the Nutrient Status and Soil Fertility Using Nutrient Indexed of Farmer’s Fields in Chikkaballapura District, Karnataka
Authors: Sandhya Kollalu , Gayathri B. , Papireddy M. , Praveenkumar R. , Vishwanath  , Swathi B. , Naveen D. V.
Published: December 2023

The soil samples were collected by farmers in their own cultivable land analysed at soil testing laboratory at KVK, Chikkaballapura. From last decade (2012 to 2022), the samples were analysed following standard procedures. Nutrient status and nutrient Index was estimated to know the fertility status of the soils. The pH of soils of Chikkaballapura district was found be neutral (65.15 %) followed by alkaline (24.33%) and acidic (10.52 %) and low (68.09%) to medium (31.65%) range in EC values. Organic carbon content was found lower (89.64%) in majority of the soils and medium range in 10.02 % soils. Likewise OC values, available N status was in lower limits (63.63 kg ha-1) and 36.37 % soils are in medium range. Available P2O5 status was recorded lower in 91.63 % and medium range in 8.19 % of the soils. Majority of the soils of the Chikkaballapura district is in medium range of available K2O according to critical limits. With respect to Nutrient Index (NI) values for OC, available N, P2O5 and K2O more than 90% soil samples found in lower category with exception to Chikkaballapura taluk for N and K2O. In this study, it was found that most of the examined soils are in low in important parameters such as OC, N, P2O5 and K2O. In this context, the adoption of appropriate soil management strategies would be helpful to improve the low and medium soil nutrient index of the soil.
Predictivity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (h-TERT) in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Mosaad Eman , Elhendawy Heba Ahmed , Mahfouz Mena , El-sissy Nadia Abbas Ibrahim
Published: December 2023

Aims: Determine the potential role of h-TERT as a prognostic marker for oral squamous cell carcinoma by evaluating its immunohistochemical expression in different OSCC histologic grades in comparison with normal oral mucosa.

Study Design: A retrospective study.

Place and Duration: Oncology Center, Mansoura University, and Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University. The worked sample selected from the years (2015-2019).

Methodology: Our study was accomplished on 30 OSCC cases and a control group of normal oral mucosa. Histopathologic grading of OSCCs was made using the WHO grade and Anneroth`s grading systems. Immunohistochemical expression of h-TERT was assessed in relation to different clinicopathological parameters. The data was analyzed using Pearson`s chi-square test to compare the differences between groups. Spearman's correlation co-efficiency test was used to test the association between different variables. A P value ≤ 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results: A significant increased h-TERT expression was recorded from normal to OSCC groups (P=0.000). Additionally, elevated h-TERT expression was significantly correlated with the higher carcinoma histologic grade (P =0.025). There were high statistically significant differences in h-TERT expression concerning the parameters; Anneroth pattern of invasion (P= 0.049), depth of invasion (DOI, P=0.024), and lymphoplasmacytic infiltration (LPI, P=0.009). There were no statistically significant differences in h-TERT immunoexpression considering the clinical parameters; patient age, gender, anatomical sites, clinical shape of lesion, T, N, M, and TNM stages (Chi-square test, P values were > 0.05).

Conclusions: Increased h-TERT immunoexpression from normal to OSCC groups suggests its involvement in malignant transformation. Additionally, the significant differential expression of h-TERT among different OSCC histologic grades signaling its valuable use as a biomarker for assessing the cellular malignant progression of oral carcinomas, but unreliable as a clinical tumor progression marker. Moreover, the significant correlation of h-TERT expression with LPI, DOI and pattern of invasion indicating its possible reliable role in tumor host relation during multistage carcinogenesis.
Evaluation of the Reporting System of Chemical Poisoning and Drug Safety Program in the Governmental and Private Hospitals in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia, A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kareem Mohammed Abdulaziz , Alzahrani Khalid Mohammed , Alshehri Amjed Said , Almasri Nedal Jamal A. , Almutairi Wael Abdi , Alghamdi Adel Saed
Published: December 2023

Background: Chemical poisoning is a major health issue. This study aimed to assess and evaluate the reporting system of chemical poisoning and drug safety program (CSP) in the governmental and private hospitals in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: This descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia in the period from January to June 2022. we included 30 governmental and private hospitals that included more than 150 beds. To collect data, this study used a 17-item evaluation form that was approved and used by the Saudi Ministry of Health to evaluate the reporting systems in the hospitals in the country.

Results: Regarding the Reporting system in the public health departments (PHD), the Ministry of Health (MOH) memo for reporting cases of chemical and drug overdose is present in 80% of the hospitals, 30% reported that samples sent to the toxicology center are received. Regarding the Reporting system in the emergency department, 46.7% reported that death cases are immediately reported to the PHD. Regarding the Reporting system in hospital laboratory, 46.5% reported that chemical and drug overdose samples are sent to the Toxicology Center. Reporting system in the public health department and Reporting system in the emergency department were better in the Private hospitals (p =0.042 and p=0.045, respectively).

Conclusion: Low adherence was found in the recruited hospitals. Less adherence was found in the governmental hospitals, particularly in the reporting system in the public health departments and the reporting system in the emergency departments. Some hospitals scored low in the three domains of the evaluation form.
Pharmacognostical Study of Tridax procumbens Linn
Authors: Rajamanickam V.  , Velmurugan R.  , Nithyasrinamagiri B.  , Gokulraj J.  , Tamizharasu M.  , Thirumurugan P.  , Surendra Kumar M.
Published: December 2023

Tridax procumbens Linn is a native of tropical America and has naturalized in tropical Africa, Asia, and Australia. It is a wild plant that may be found all throughout India. It has been widely utilized in the Ayurvedic medical system and is prescribed as "Bhringraj" by some Ayurvedic doctors. In India, a weed known as "Jayanti Veda" is called Tridax procumbens L. Asteraceae's Tridax Procumbens Linn., sometimes known as coat buttons. Pharmacognostic studies are very important since the parameters estimated are the identity of a particular plant and they are very useful to authenticate the plant under study and prevent it from adulteration and substitution. complete botanical evaluation which comprises macroscopic, microscopy physicochemical parameters like loss on drying extractive value, ash value and to investigate the Phytochemical present the extract in the preliminary level were carried out for the quality control of the drug.Pharmacognostic studies are crucial because the estimated parameters help identify a specific plant. They are also highly helpful to authenticate the plant being studied and guard against adulteration and substitution.
The Effect of Malaria Disease on Liver Function in Children Below 5 Years of Age
Authors: Ikpeama Roseanne Adah , Okeke Chukwubike Udoka , Okolonkwo Benjamin Nnamdi , Nyenke Clement Ugochukwu , Ezenwaka Chinonye Oluchi
Published: December 2023

Malaria continues to be a major global health concern in tropical regions, especially affecting children between the ages of 1 and 5. The aim of this study is to assess the influence of malaria on hepatocellular function in this vulnerable age group. The enrollment of 582 randomly selected children was approved ethically, and parental consent was obtained. Of these, 396 were in the test group (who tested positive for malaria), and 186 were in the control group (apparently healthy). Giemsa-stained thin and thick films were used to confirm the diagnosis of malaria, and serum markers such as SGOT, SGPT, ALP, and gamma glutamyl transferase were used to assess hepatocellular function while the malaria diagnosis was made. As further markers of liver health, albumin and protein levels were evaluated. The findings showed that, in comparison to the control group, children with malaria parasitemia had statistical significantly higher levels of ALP, SGOT, SGPT, and Gamma Glutamyl Transferase as well as lower levels of total protein and albumin (p < 0.05). This suggests a significant effect on liver function in children with malaria, ages 1 to 5. Finally, our research highlights the connection between liver impairment in young children and malaria parasitemia. To improve early detection and management of liver-related complications in affected children, we recommend adding hepatic function assessments to routine evaluations, especially in malaria-endemic areas.
CDC Advises Expedited Influenza Subtyping in Hospitalized Patients to Help Identify Bird Flu Cases Sooner
Authors: Bock Anna
Published: January 2025

This Medical News article discusses new guidance for clinicians and laboratories to prevent delays in detecting human cases of avian influenza A(H5N1) infection.
Pursuing Equity With Artificial Intelligence in Health Care
Authors: Johnson Kevin B. , Horn Ivor B. , Horvitz Eric
Published: January 2025

This Viewpoint discusses the pursuit of fairness and equity in artificial intelligence in health care to drive transformative changes and reduce health disparities.
Inequalities at Age of Diagnosis of Severe Mental Illness in England
Authors: Ramsay Sheena E. , Cai Ziyi , Sinclair David R. , Prina Matthew , Osborn David P. J. , Adamson Ashley J. , Kaner Eileen , Adams Emma A.
Published: January 2025

This cohort study evaluates whether socioeconomic factors, including sex, race and ethnicity, material deprivation, and rurality) are associated with the age at which patients are diagnosed with severe mental illness.
Ru Quantum Dots Modified Mucor‐Derived Carbon Submicroribbons for Advanced Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Liang Sheng , Feng Gaojian , Ding Xinkai , Hu Kunhong , Liang Xin , Zhou Ningning , Hu Lei , Liu Lingli , Wang Lili , Pan Hongge , Chen Bin , Liang Chu
Published: January 2025

The natural structure of the bio‐templates with high fidelity can provide a novel pathway to synthesize carbon materials with unique microstructure and morphology for high‐performance energy storage. Herein, a novel and facile strategy is proposed to synthesize nitrogen and phosphorus co‐doped carbon submicroribbons with 3D cross‐linked network structure (CSR) derived from mucor hyphae and their derivatives. The size of mucor hyphae can be customized by tunning the kitchen‐type cultivation process of mucor grown on tofu surfaces. The derivative of Ru quantum dots modified porous CSR (Ru@PCSR) is successfully synthesized by combining pore‐forming with introducing Ru quantum dots. Ru@PCSR exhibits a large specific surface area, high electronic and ionic conductivity, superior lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) adsorption, and high catalytic activation toward LiPSs conversion. The Ru@PCSR is designed to introduce into Li2S cathode and polypropylene (PP) separator as multifunctional frameworks to form a new Ru@PCSR‐Li2S || Ru@PCSR/PP || Li metal battery, exhibiting a high discharge capacity of 960 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, superior rate performance and excellent cycling stability over 750 cycles. This study provides a new avenue for the preparation of carbon materials with unique microstructure and morphology for advanced energy storage by means of the natural structure in bio‐precursors.
Dual‐Action Antibacterial Nanoblades for Rapid Inactivation of Bioaerosols in Personal Protective Equipment
Authors: Park Se Kye , Lee Seung Yeon , Kim Sang Bok , Kim In Ho , Lee Dong Uk , Shin Jae Hak , Son Jeong Sang , Kim Gunwoo , Yoo Seung Hwa , Lee Dong Yun , Jung Jae Hee , Choi Dong Yun
Published: January 2025

Commercial personal protective equipment (PPE) often has limited antibacterial activity that compromises its effectiveness in preventing infections. Traditional mechano‐bactericidal methods deliver suboptimal performance, while photo‐bactericidal methods struggle with activation requirements and durability. In this study, a dual‐action antibacterial PPE, combining mechano‐ and photo‐bactericidal strategies, have been designed to overcome these challenges. Mg–Al layered double hydroxide nanoblades (LDH‐NBs) are synthesized on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)‐coated polypropylene (PP) fabric. The PDMS coating plays a crucial role in enabling the formation of densely packed LDH‐NBs, thereby implementing mechano‐bactericidal action. Additionally, hydrophobic residues in the PDMS coating diffuse to the surface during heat treatment, converting the LDH‐NB surface to hydrophobic. The Rose Bengal (RB)‐adsorbed LDH‐NBs (RB@LDH‐NBs) become superhydrophobic after heat treatment, thereby exhibiting antifouling effects against various contaminants and bacteria. RB@LDH‐NBs mechanically inactivate 99.5% of Escherichia coli and 95% of Staphylococcus aureus under typical respiratory flow rates and completely eradicate E. coli within 2 h of light exposure. Combining mechano‐ and photobactericidal effects, RB@LDH‐NBs rapidly eradicate both E. coli and S. aureus within 15 min of light exposure. These outstanding bactericidal performances highlight the potential of this advanced PPE to provide robust protection against infectious diseases.
Bioprinted Micro‐Clots for Kinetic Analysis of Endothelial Cell‐Mediated Fibrinolysis
Authors: Chang Jonathan J. , Brew Kelsey , Hamilton Jamie A.G. , Kumar Varun , Diaz José A. , Takayama Shuichi
Published: January 2025

Vascular hypo‐fibrinolysis is a historically underappreciated and understudied aspect of venous thromboembolism (VTE). This paper describes the development of a micro‐clot dissolution assay for quantifying the fibrinolytic capacity of endothelial cells – a key driver of VTE development. This assay is enabled using aqueous two‐phase systems (ATPS) to bioprint microscale fibrin clots over human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Importantly, these micro‐clots are orders of magnitude smaller than conventional fibrin constructs and allow HUVEC‐produced plasminogen activators to mediate visually quantifiable fibrinolysis. Using live‐cell time‐lapse imaging, micro‐clot dissolution by HUVECs is tracked, and fibrinolysis kinetics are quantified. The sensitivity of cell‐driven fibrinolysis to various stimuli is rapidly tested. The physiological relevance of this convenient high‐throughput assay is illustrated through treatments with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and rosuvastatin that elicit anti‐ and pro‐fibrinolytic responses, respectively. Furthermore, treatment with baricitinib, an anti‐inflammatory therapeutic found to increase cardiovascular risks after market approval, provokes an anti‐fibrinolytic response – which highlights the potential role of endothelial cells in increasing VTE risk for patients receiving this drug. This endothelial cell fibrinolysis assay provides a high‐throughput and versatile drug testing platform – potentially allowing for early preclinical identification of therapeutics that may beneficially enhance or adversely impair endothelial fibrinolysis.
A Dual‐Pipeline Lactate Removal Strategy to Reverse Vascular Hyperpermeability for the Management of Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Sepsis
Authors: Ge Shuangfeng , Wang Xing‐Huo , Fan Juntao , Liu Haofei , Xin Youtao , Li Xiaohui , Yu Yunjian , Yang Ying‐Wei , Gao Hui
Published: January 2025

Sepsis is an underappreciated yet severe threat to human life, marked by organ dysfunction and high mortality resulting from disordered inflammatory responses to blood infection. Unfortunately, no specific drugs are available for effective sepsis treatment. As a pivotal biomarker for sepsis, lactate levels are closely related to vascular permeability and sepsis‐associated mortality. Herein, a dual‐pipeline lactate removal strategy is reported from circulating blood to ameliorate vascular permeability and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced sepsis. This is achieved by formulating lactate oxidase (LOX)‐encapsulated hollow manganese dioxide (HMnO2) nanohybrids (LOX@HMnO2‐P[5]A) bearing pillar[5]arene (P[5]A) macrocycle with excellent host‐guest properties. The highly biocompatible nanohybrids enable direct lactate consumption through LOX catalytic degradation and block lactate production by P[5]A‐mediated LPS trapping, allowing for dual‐pipeline lactate removal to maximize the reversal of lactate‐mediated vascular hyperpermeability. Besides, HMnO2 cores decompose hydrogen peroxide produced from lactate oxidation into oxygen, further contributing to lactate consumption and mitigating the hypoxic inflammatory environment. In vivo investigations demonstrate that intravenous administration of LOX@HMnO2‐P[5]A nanohybrids with extended blood circulation can effectively ameliorate endothelial barrier dysfunction, inflammatory responses, and multiple organ injury, ultimately improving survival outcomes in LPS‐induced sepsis. Taken together, this dual‐pipeline lactate removal strategy offers a promising approach for efficient sepsis treatment.
Bioprinting Perfusable and Vascularized Skeletal Muscle Flaps for the Treatment of Volumetric Muscle Loss
Authors: Fischer Eliana O. , Tsukerman Anna , Machour Majd , Shuhmaher Margarita , Silverstein Asaf , Yaakov Maya , Bar‐Am Orit , Debbi Lior , Levenberg Shulamit
Published: January 2025

Volumetric muscle loss (VML) refers to muscle tissue loss exceeding 20% within a functional area due to trauma or surgery, often leading to physical disabilities. VML treatment relies on the transplantation of autologous flaps harvested from a healthy‐donor site while minimizing the probability of immune rejection. However, this approach often leads to donor‐site morbidity and relies on a restricted supply of muscle tissue. Current solutions in tissue engineering focus on engineered grafts lacking hierarchical vasculature with a feeding vessel, thus limited by diffusion. This study expanded upon a new approach of multimodal bioprinting which enabled the fabrication of thick hierarchical vascular muscle flaps composed of bioprinted and vascularized skeletal muscle tissue, and a 3D‐printed engineered macrovessel, which successfully repaired VML injury in‐vivo. The flaps are implanted by anastomosing the macrovessel via microsurgery to the femoral artery in proximity to an induced VML injury in Sprague‐Dawley rat hindlimbs. Immediate perfusion of the flaps is demonstrated, as is flap endurance to physiological blood pressure, flow, and shear stress. Flap implantation enhanced myocyte differentiation, and vascular ingrowth and facilitated tissue viability and integration. These results obtained by utilizing human‐origin cells provide a foundation for fabricating patient‐specific flaps for the treatment of extensive soft tissue defects.
Chiral Amplifier With Highly Tunable Plasmonic Optical Activities for Molecular Chirality Sensing
Authors: Ma Xiaoyun , Liu Shengli , Ji Yinglu , Ma Sijia , Jiang Jian , Zhang Li , Wu Xiaochun , Li Jiafang , Liu Minghua , Wang Rong‐Yao
Published: January 2025

The transfer of chirality from molecules to plasmons is capable of amplifying chiroptical information. Here, a molecular‐to‐plasmonic chirality transfer system that uses two different molecular chirality inputs to produce a plasmonic chirality output is reported. This system functions as a transistor‐analogous chiral amplifier, where the flow of chiral information from the source (helical fibrils) to the drain (a chiral assembly of gold nanorods) is regulated by molecular chirality recognition between the source and the gate (amino acids). More importantly, a high degree of control over the molecular‐to‐plasmonic chirality transfer is evidenced not only by a quantitative correlation between the molecular chirality input at the gate and the plasmonic chirality output at the drain, but also by the ability of asymmetrical perturbations induced by source‐gate chirality recognition to generate substantial variations in the chiroptical amplification of the plasmonic drain output, ranging from 1.22% to 314.93%. Furthermore, this transistor‐analogous chiral amplifier can be used to precisely analyze the concentration and chiral purity of gate molecules. This findings have the potential to advance the design of asymmetric functional nanodevices, with implications for chiral information processing and biosensing applications.
CD47 Knock‐Out Using CRISPR‐Cas9 RNA Lipid Nanocarriers Results in Reduced Mesenchymal Glioblastoma Growth In Vivo
Authors: Rouatbi Nadia , Walters Adam A. , Zam Alaa , Lim Yau Mun , Marrocu Alessia , Liam‐Or Revadee , Anstee Joanne E. , Arnold James N. , Wang Julie Tzu‐Wen , Pollard Steven M. , Al‐Jamal Khuloud T.
Published: January 2025

Immune checkpoint (ICP) blockade has shown limited effectiveness in glioblastoma (GBM), particularly in the mesenchymal subtype, where interactions between immune cells and glioblastoma cancer stem cells (GSCs) drive immunosuppression and therapy resistance. Tailoring ICPs specific to GSCs can enhance the antitumor immune response. This study proposes the use of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) encapsulating CRISPR RNAs as an in vivo screening tool for ICPs in a syngeneic model of mesenchymal GSCs. Using PD‐L1 and CD47 to validate the proof of concept, intratumoral administration of LNPs in orthotopic tumors achieved efficient editing of ICPs, leading to enhanced immune cell infiltration within the tumor microenvironment. Targeting CD47 reduced tumor growth, suggesting improved cancer cell sensitization to the immune system post‐ICP editing. The study positions LNPs as a robust tool for in vivo validation of ICPs as therapeutic targets in clinically relevant GBM models. LNPs could serve as a screening tool in patient‐derived xenografts to identify and optimize ICP combinations, potentially expediting ICP translation and enhancing personalized GBM immunotherapies.
Targeting Mesothelin Enhances Personalized Neoantigen Vaccine Induced Antitumor Immune Response in Orthotopic Pancreatic Cancer Mouse Models
Authors: Cai Zhixiong , Li Zhenli , Zhong Wenting , Lin Fangzhou , Dong Xiuqing , Ye Honghao , Guo Yutong , Chen Geng , Yu Xiaoling , Yu Haijun , Tang Ruijing , Liu Xiaolong
Published: January 2025

The immunosuppressive microenvironment in pancreatic cancer, characterized by low tumor‐specific T cells and excessive fibrosis, limits the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Here, three datasets and multi‐immunofluorescence staining of tissue microarrays in pancreatic cancer indicate that mesothelin (MSLN) expression negatively correlates with cytotoxic T cells in tumor. Anti‐MSLN antibody (αMSLN) treatment of pancreatic cancer in vivo can significantly increase T cell infiltration. Meanwhile, the combination of αMSLN and neoantigen peptide vaccine identified from pancreatic cancer cell lines is demonstrated to be more effective in inducing neoantigen‐specific T cell generation and infiltration at subcutaneous and orthotopic pancreatic cancer models for enhancing antitumor efficacy. Single‐cell transcriptome analysis shows that the combined treatment significantly reduces the proportion of fibroblasts, improves the infiltration of IFN‐γ+CD4+ and GZMK+CD8+ T cells, as well as reduces the interaction of antigen presentation‐associated ligands and receptors between antigen‐presenting Cancer‐Associated Fibroblasts (apCAFs) and naive CD4+ T cells. The negative correlations between apCAFs and CD8+ T cells/IFN‐γ+CD4+ T cells are further confirmed in human pancreatic cancer tissues. Overall, this study demonstrates that targeting MSLN can improve neoantigen vaccine induced immune efficacy by reducing apCAFs to interrupt the conversion of naive CD4+ T cells to Tregs, and therefore increase the infiltration of tumor‐specific T cells.
Unveiling the Li/Electrolyte Interface Behavior for Dendrite‐Free All‐Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries by Operando Nano‐Focus WAXS
Authors: Liang Yuxin , Apfelbeck Fabian A.C. , Sun Kun , Yan Yingying , Cheng Lyuyang , Pan Guangjiu , Zheng Tianle , Cheng Yajun , Davydok Anton , Krywka Christina , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter
Published: January 2025

Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)‐based solid composite electrolytes suffer from poor conductivity and lithium dendrite growth, especially toward the metallic lithium metal anode. In this study, succinonitrile (SN) is incorporated into a PEO composite electrolyte to fabricate an electrode‐compatible electrolyte with good electrochemical performance. The SN‐doped electrolyte successfully inhibits the lithium dendrite growth and facilitates the SEI layer formation, as determined by the operando nanofocus wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (nWAXS), meanwhile, stably cycled over 500 h in Li/SN‐PEO/Li cell. Apart from the observation of lithium dendrite, the robust SEI layer formation mechanism in the first cycle is investigated in the SN‐enhanced composite electrolyte by nWAXS. The inorganic electrochemical reaction products, LiF and Li3N, are found to initially deposit on the electrolyte side, progressively extending toward the lithium metal anode. This growth process effectively protected the metallic lithium, inhibited electron transfer, and facilitated Li⁺ transport. The study not only demonstrates a high‐performance interfacial‐stable lithium metal battery with composite electrolyte but also introduces a novel strategy for real‐time visualizing dendrite formation and SEI growth directing at the interface area of electrolyte and metallic lithium.
Exploration of Multidimensional Structural Optimization and Regulation Mechanisms: Catalysts and Reaction Environments in Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Chu Kaibin , Weng Bo , Lu Zhaorui , Ding Yang , Zhang Wei , Tan Rui , Zheng Yu‐Ming , Han Ning
Published: January 2025

Ammonia (NH3) is esteemed for its attributes as a carbon‐neutral fuel and hydrogen storage material, due to its high energy density, abundant hydrogen content, and notably higher liquefaction temperature in comparison to hydrogen gas. The primary method for the synthetic generation of NH3 is the Haber–Bosch process, involving rigorous conditions and resulting in significant global energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. To tackle energy and environmental challenges, the exploration of innovative green and sustainable technologies for NH3 synthesis is imperative. Rapid advances in electrochemical technology have created fresh prospects for researchers in the realm of environmentally friendly NH3 synthesis. Nevertheless, the intricate intermediate products and sluggish kinetics in the reactions impede the progress of green electrochemical NH3 synthesis (EAS) technologies. To improve the activity and selectivity of the EAS, which encompasses the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrogen gas, nitrate, and nitric oxide, numerous electrocatalysts and design strategies have been meticulously investigated. Here, this review primarily delves into recent progress and obstacles in EAS pathways, examining methods to boost the yield rate and current efficiency of NH3 synthesis via multidimensional structural optimization, while also exploring the challenges and outlook for EAS.
High‐Frequency Inductors by Co‐Design Optimization of Self‐Rolled‐up Membrane Technology
Authors: Nguyen Kristen Minh‐Thu , Yang Zhendong , Wang Allen Tsingyuan , Wicker Scott Ambros , Li Xiuling
Published: January 2025

Self‐rolled‐up membrane (S‐RuM) 3D microtube inductors represent a significant advancement in miniaturization for radio frequency (RF) integrated circuit applications, particularly internet‐of‐things and 5G/6G communications. These inductors have excellent high‐frequency performance due to better confinement of the magnetic field and weak dependence on substrate conductivity. However, previously reported S‐RuM inductor frequencies are limited by the crosstalk capacitance between overlapping metal strips between rolled‐up turns. This work advances S‐RuM inductor design by co‐optimizing inductance, frequency, and footprint, leading to significant reductions in crosstalk capacitance and enhancements in maximum operating frequencies. Design intricacies tailored to the unique structure of S‐RuM inductors are thoroughly addressed, particularly by mapping the angle of the rolled‐up inductor strips with respect to the number of turns. Self‐resonance frequencies as high as 40–53 GHz (instrument testing limit) are reported for 2–5 rolled‐up turns, demonstrating increases of over 15 GHz from previous S‐RuM inductors. These designs, with footprints of 0.02–0.56 mm2 and inductances of <1 nH to >5 nH at GHz frequencies, demonstrated the effectiveness of co‐designing frequency, footprint, and inductance for RF inductors, openning a new paradigm for miniaturizing high‐frequency on‐chip passive electronic components.