bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of intramammary inoculation ofLactobacillus perolensCRL1724 in lactating cows’ udders
Authors: Frola Ignacio D , Pellegrino Matías S , Espeche María C , Giraudo José A , Nader-Macias María EF , Bogni Cristina I
Published: November 2011

Bovine mastitis is the most important infectious disease on dairy farms. Conventional antibiotic therapy is often unsatisfactory and alternative treatments are continually under investigation.Lactobacillus (Lb.) perolensCRL 1724 andLactobacillus plantarumCRL 1716 were previously isolated from milk of dairy cows and selected according to their potential probiotic properties. In the present work the in-vitro capacity ofLactobacillusstrains to adhere to bovine teat canal epithelial cells (BTCEC) and to inhibit and co-aggregate 14 mastitis-causing pathogens (MCPs) was investigated. The effect ofLb. perolensCRL 1724 after intramammary inoculation in lactating cows was evaluated through determination of clinical signs of mastitis, milk appearance, somatic cell counts andLb. perolensCRL 1724 recovery from milk.Lb. perolensCRL 1724 was able to inhibit 12 of 14 MCPs (85·7%) in vitro, especially those considered to be major pathogens. In addition,Lb. perolensCRL 1724 co-aggregated with all of them.Lb. plantarumCRL 1716 was able to inhibit 7 of 14 MCPs (50%) in vitro and showed co-aggregation ability similar toLb. perolensCRL 1724.Lb. perolensCRL 1724 showed a higher efficacy of adhesion to BTCEC (values of percentage of adhesion and adhesion index of 75% and 14·4, respectively) thanLb. plantarumCRL 1716 (37% and 7·4, respectively).Lb. perolensCRL 1724 was recovered from all mammary quarters and no clinical signs or teat damage were observed after the inoculation of 106cfu/ml. The udders presented a normal aspect and there were no changes in the appearance of the milk. The results obtained will serve as the basis for further trials to evaluate the potential ofLb. perolensCRL 1724 to be included in a non-antibiotic formulation for the prevention of bovine mastitis.
Did Technology Shocks Drive the Great Depression? Explaining Cyclical Productivity Movements in U.S. Manufacturing, 1919–1939
Authors: INKLAAR ROBERT , DE JONG HERMAN , GOUMA REITZE
Published: November 2011

Technology shocks and declining productivity have been advanced as important factors driving the Great Depression in the United States, based on real business cycle theory. We estimate an improved measure of technology for interwar manufacturing, using data from the U.S. census reports. There is clear evidence of increasing returns to scale and we find no statistical proof that technology shocks led to changes in hours worked or other inputs. This contradicts a key prediction of real business cycle theory. We find that increasing returns to scale are not due to market power but to labor and capital hoarding.
Did R&D Firms Used to Patent? Evidence from the First Innovation Surveys
Authors: NICHOLAS TOM
Published: November 2011

Matching 2,777 R&D firms in surveys conducted by the National Research Council between 1921 and 1938 with U.S. patents reveals that 59 percent of all firms and 88 percent of publicly traded firms patented. These shares are much higher than those observed for modern R&D firms. Industry, firm size and the location of R&D facilities relative to major cities are shown to be important determinants of the propensity to patent. The effect of these factors remained constant across the 1920s and the Depression years suggesting that the tradeoff between patent disclosure and secrecy did not change over time.
Electropalatography data from Central Arrernte: A comparison of the new Articulate palate with the standard Reading palate
Authors: Tabain Marija
Published: November 2011

This paper presents electropalatography (EPG) data from two female speakers of Central Arrernte, a language with six places of articulation, including four coronal contrasts. Both speakers were recorded reading the same list of words using two different types of artificial palate: the standard Reading palate, and the new Articulate palate. Data are presented from seventeen lingual consonants of this language. It is suggested that since the Articulate palate provides more coverage of the velar and dental regions, it may be able to better capture the crucial laminal and apical distinctions that exist in Australian languages such as Central Arrernte. However, caution is advised in interpreting the results from the two different types of artificial palate, since for many consonants, palatograms as well as values for standard analysis measures differ greatly between the two palate types.
Coronal place contrasts in Argentine and Cuban Spanish: An electropalatographic study
Authors: Kochetov Alexei , Colantoni Laura
Published: November 2011

Theoretical and descriptive work on Spanish phonetics and phonology has been largely based on Peninsular varieties. This study uses electropalatography (EPG) to investigate articulatory characteristics of coronal consonant contrasts in Argentine and Cuban Spanish. Simultaneous EPG and acoustic data were collected from five speakers from Buenos Aires (Argentina) and three speakers from Havana (Cuba) reading sentences with various syllable-initial coronal consonants corresponding to the orthographic 〈t, ch, n, ñ, s, z, ll, y, l, r〉. As a control, the same data were collected from a single speaker of Peninsular Spanish from Madrid. As expected, the main distinction in both varieties was made between anterior and posterior coronal consonants ((denti-)alveolars vs. (alveolo-)palatals) and reflected the historical merger of the sounds represented by 〈s–z〉 and 〈ll–y〉. At the same time, the results revealed some consistent differences between the two varieties in the location of the constriction and the amount of linguopalatal contact for most coronal consonants. First, the coronal consonants produced by the Argentine speakers were overall considerably more fronted and more constricted than the corresponding consonants produced by the Cuban speakers. Second, 〈ll, y〉 were produced as a fronted alveolo-palatal fricative by the Argentine speakers, and as an approximant by the Cuban speakers. Inter-speaker variation was observed within the varieties in the articulation of some consonants, namely in the Argentine alveolo-palatal fricative and nasal (〈ll, y〉 and 〈ñ〉), and the Cuban alveolo-palatal affricate 〈ch〉.
Three new species ofStrongylacidon(Chondropsidae: Poecilosclerida: Demospongiae) from north-east Brazil, with new morphological characters for the family
Authors: Menegola Carla , Garcia Santos George Joaquim , Moraes Fernando , Muricy Guilherme
Published: November 2011

Three new species ofStrongylacidonfrom north-east Brazil are described:Strongylacidon oxychaetumsp. nov. andStrongylacidon solangeaesp. nov. from Bahia State, andStrongylacidon chelospinatasp. nov. from Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Pernambuco State.Strongylacidon oxychaetumsp. nov. has thinly encrusting shape with lobate projections, strongyles, oxychaetes and arcuate chelae;S. solangeaesp. nov. is characterized by having massive shape with hispid surface, strongyles and unguiferate chelae; andS. chelospinatasp. nov. present thinly encrusting shape, strongyles, and arcuate isochelae with large spines on the outer edge of the axis. An identification key for the nine valid species ofStrongylacidonfrom the Tropical Western Atlantic is provided. New morphological characters, viz., oxychaetes and spined arcuate isochelae (here termed acanthochelae), are added to the definition of the genusStrongylacidonand of the family Chondropsidae.
An assessment of the use of drug and non-drug interventions in the treatment ofIchthyophthirius multifiliisFouquet, 1876, a protozoan parasite of freshwater fish
Authors: PICÓN-CAMACHO S. M. , MARCOS-LOPEZ M. , BRON J. E. , SHINN A. P.
Published: November 2011

Infection by the ciliate protozoanIchthyophthirius multifiliisFouquet, 1876 causes significant economic losses in freshwater aquaculture worldwide. Following the ban on the use of malachite green for treating food fish, there has been extensive research aimed at identifying suitable replacements. In this paper we critically assess drug and non-drug interventions, which have been tested for use or have been employed against this parasite and evaluate possibilities for their application in farm systems. Current treatments include the administration of formaldehyde, sodium chloride (salt), copper sulphate and potassium permanganate. However, purportedly more environmentally friendly drugs such as humic acid, potassium ferrate (VI), bronopol and the peracetic acid-based products have recently been tested and represent promising alternatives. Further investigation, is required to optimize the treatments and to establish precise protocols in order to minimize the quantity of drug employed whilst ensuring the most efficacious performance. At the same time, there needs to be a greater emphasis placed on the non-drug aspects of management strategies, including the use of non-chemical interventions focusing on the removal of free-swimming stages and tomocysts ofI. multifiliisfrom farm culture systems. Use of such strategies provides the hope of more environmentally friendly alternatives for the control ofI. multifiliisinfections.
How the lifecycle hypothesis explains volunteering during retirement
Authors: SHERMAN ARIE , SHAVIT TAL
Published: November 2011

We suggest two supplements to Franco Modigliani's lifecycle model in order to explain why people who have retired from paid work choose either to start volunteering or increase the amount of time they devote to volunteer work. First, total consumption consists of both the material and immaterial products of work. While people can save their income in order to maintain an even level of material consumption, they unable to save a portion of the immaterial product. Second, at the statutory retirement age people retire only from paid work. We argue that older people substitute paid work for volunteering due to their inherent need to maintain immaterial consumption during retirement.
XX.—The Episcopal Ornaments of William of Wykeham and William of Waynfleet, sometime Bishops of Winchester, and of certain Bishops of St. Davids
Authors: Hope W. H. St. John
Published: November 2011

In July of last year, on the kind invitation of Mr. J. B. Carrington, I was able, through the courtesy of the authorities of New College, Oxford, to examine at leisure the splendid crosier of their Founder, Bishop William of Wykeham, which Mr. Carrington had offered to cleanse from an accumulation of dust and dirt. One of the things at once apparent on examining the staff was its somewhat rickety condition, and in view of the fact that any mishap might be productive of deplorable injury, at the request of the College I drew up a report on the crosier and the steps that should be taken to make its several parts secure. As a consequence of this report the staff has been entrusted, on my recommendation, to Mr. C. Krall, who has carried out with his usual skill only such repairs as were absolutely necessary; it being the special instruction of the College that nothing further should be attempted. The wisdom of this course can not be too highly commended.
III.—Notes on the Palaeolithic Floor near Caddington
Authors: Smith Worthington G.
Published: November 2011

The results of many years' search and inquiry are included in this paper, which is supplementary to the account of the Caddington palaeolithic ‘floor’ given in the author's Man the Primeval Savage (1894). The deposit has now been recognized in Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire, Caddington beingformerly divided between the two counties; and the discoveries here to be described must be regarded as originally connected with the Caddington ‘floor’, though the three sites are now isolated hills separated by rivers that have formed, and considerably deepened, their channels since man was living in the neighbourhood during the formation of the brick-earth. The two new sites are dealt with separately, and as far as possible on similar lines, so as to facilitate comparison.
VII. The Present Condition of the Ancient Architectural Monuments of Cyprus.
Authors: Jeffery Geo.
Published: November 2011

The desire of the writer is to afford some general information on the present condition, and presumable future, of these most interesting remains, and to enlist as far as possible the sympathies of all students of art and history in the preservation of mediaeval monuments, which, from circumstances of geographical position and present ownership, are comparatively unknown and uncared for.
XVIII.—Mediaeval personal ornaments from Chalcis in the British and Ashmolean Museums
Authors: Dalton O. M.
Published: November 2011

The publication of the Italian armour from the Castle of Chalcis recalls the existence of other antiquities of similar date and origin discovered in the same place, and now preserved in the British and Ashmolean Museums. While the objects described by Mr. ffoulkes are all military, those with which we are here concerned were made for civil uses. They are personal ornaments, and illustrate in a pleasing fashion the knightly civilization in Greece during the Venetian supremacy in Euboea.
IX.—On a Bronze Object of the Late-Celtic Period recently added to the British Museum
Authors: Read Charles Hercules
Published: November 2011

Among a large number of weapons and other objects recently transferred from the Tower armouries to the British Museum is one of the curious stirruplike objects of bronze familiar as being found in Late-Celtic burials with the remains of chariots or horses. Unfortunately it has no history.
III.—On a panel of tapestry of about the year 1400 and probably of English origin
Authors: Read Charles Hercules
Published: November 2011

The piece of tapestry that forms the subject of this communication has but the shortest of histories (pl. VII). It formed part of the Heckscher Collection sold at Messrs. Christie's in 1898; and, attracted by the interesting character of the subject and the admirable preservation and brilliant colouring of the fabric itself, I secured it soon after the sale as it was on the point of going abroad. The Heckscher Collection was brought together in Vienna, and was of a miscellaneous character, containing some very fine works of art, among them an unusually perfect crosier head by Frere Hugo, the famous Flemish goldsmith, which I was fortunate in securing for the British Museum. It is hardly necessary to say that although the collection was formed in Austria, the objects composing it had been derived from a variety of sources, not least from England, as e. g. a Rhenish enamel formerly in the Beresford Hope Collection. No indication is given of the source whence the tapestry was derived. Since it has been in my possession it has been seen by a great number of my colleagues in continental museums and elsewhere abroad. All of these, French, German, Swiss, Flemish, and Spanish, were greatly intrigued as to its country of origin, but in every case each felt sure that it was not a product of his own country. Thus the panel acquired an added interest, and I had a photograph made, and circulated it among a limited number of authorities on the subject, both in England and abroad.
I.—Hardknot Castle and the Tenth Antonine Itinerary
Authors: Collingwood R. G.
Published: November 2011

The Tenth Iter in the British section of the Antonine road-book has been for many years–indeed for centuries–a standing puzzle in Romano-British history. Of its nine stations the seventh, Mancunium, has always been recognized as Manchester; but the others are not so easily identifiable. The first, third, and fifth reappear in the Notitia Dignitatum towards the end of the section headed item per lineam valli; but it has long been admitted by everyone that they are not therefore necessarily to be sought on Hadrian's Wall itself. Camden, on the strength of an inscription found by Reginald Bainbrigg at Whitley Castle near Alston, identified that fort with Alone, the third station of the Iter; and Horsley, accepting this identification, made the Iter begin at Lanchester and traverse a series of stations lying behind Hadrian's Wall and acting as supports to it, before turning south by way of the Eden and Lune valleys to Manchester. That was a good solution, and indeed the best possible solution, granted the correctness of the equation Alone = Whitley Castle; but it necessitated the complete rejection of the mileages as given in the Iter, since the hundred statute miles from Whitley to Manchester are represented by 83 Roman miles or about 76 statute miles between Alone and Mancunium. Moreover, Camden's identification was unsound. The Notitia places the Third Cohort of Nervii at Alone (spelt in that document Alione) and Bainbrigg's inscription mentioned the Second Cohort. Camden arbitrarily altered the numeral in order to effect the identification.
II.—On some London Houses of the Early Tudor Period
Authors: Kingsford C. L.
Published: November 2011

I have no intention to enter upon any general discussion of the character of London houses in the Tudor period. My only purpose is to lay before the Society such information as I have been able to collect with regard to four particular houses, which will serve to illustrate the furnishing, the arrangement of the rooms, the external surroundings, and in one instance the actual plan. Of the first of these houses I have no exact history of earlier date, but I am able to supply a precise Inventory of its contents room by room in 1509. The second and third–the Coldharbour and the Erber–were in their origin fourteenth-century houses of which the early history is well known, though of neither, so far as I am aware, do we possess such precise information with regard to the buildings as that which I have obtained for their condition in the reigns of Henry VII and Henry VIII. The fourth is a much less important building erected (or rebuilt) about 1555, but is of interest from the fact that we are able to restore its plan with some degree of certainty.
IX.—An Archaeological Survey of Oxfordshire
Authors: Manning Percy , Leeds E. Thurlow
Published: November 2011

In 1896 the late Mr. Percy Manning, M.A., F.S.A., compiled an archaeological survey of Oxfordshire on the same lines as those already published by the Societyof Antiquaries of London, but for some reason did not have it printed immediately with the result that the manuscript soon ceased to be up to date. Nevertheless from the year 1896 right down to the beginning of the war he was assiduous in collecting every available piece of information about archaeological discoveries in the county, and, as the material collected shows, had evidently some intention of publishing it in a near future. This intention was frustrated, however, by the outbreak of war and later by his death in 1916. He bequeathed his manuscript collections to the University of Oxford and the archaeological portion has been deposited in the Ashmolean Museum.
VI.—On the Destroyed Church of St. Michael Wood Street, in the City of London, with some Notes on the Church of St. Michael Bassishaw
Authors: Norman Philip
Published: November 2011

From the artistic and antiquarian points of view, the systematic destruction of our old City churches under the Union of Benefices Act is greatly to be deplored. Under this Act the churches designed by Sir Christopher Wren have especially suffered; and here I will venture to say a few words on that famous architect and his work. A dire catastrophe sometimes calls forth the energies of the master mind that can grapple with it; this was the case, when, after the Great Fire of 1666, by which eighty-six parish churches were destroyed or severely injured, Wren at that time, hardly a professional architect, turned his attention to the City. He first produced a plan for general rebuilding, which would have given free scope to his genius, although at the same time destroying many links with the past. The chief public buildings were to have been grouped round the Royal Exchange, which would have formed an important centre; St. Paul's Cathedral being approached from the east by two broad converging streets. A river quay, in part adorned by the City Halls, would have extended from Black-friars to the Tower of London; while the churches, greatly reduced in number, were to occupy commanding and isolated sites, their burial grounds being outside the City. For reasons which it is here not necessary to discuss, this proposal was not accepted; and so the City grew again, more or less on its old irregular lines. To Wren, however, was assigned the task of rebuilding or repairing not only St. Paul's Cathedral, but, if we include St. Mary Woolnoth and St. Sepulchre, both only repaired, no fewer than fifty-two other churches, The remainder were not rebuilt, their parishes being united -with adjoining parishes which continued to possess churches. The ancient burial grounds were, to a great extent, retained, and burials continued in them until after the middle of the nineteenth century.
VIII.—The Charters of the Manor of Ropley, Hants
Authors: Kirby T. F.
Published: November 2011

The manor of Ropley, like the manor of Meonstoke about which I read a paper in December, 1900, is a made up one. A number of ancient free tenements, holden by suit and service of the bishopric manor of Sutton, were purchased and thrown together between the years 1390 and 1476, and became the college manor of Ropley, the copyholders in which held at the will of the college as they had previously held at the will of the free tenants of the bishop, and attended the court of the college steward as they had previously attended the court of the bishop.
X.—The St. Albans School of Painting, Mural and Miniature: Part I. Mural Painting
Authors: Page William
Published: November 2011

The history of mural and panel painting in England before the sixteenth century may perhaps be divided into three periods. Firstly, that from the Norman Conquest, or possibly before, which continued during the wave of monastic enthusiasm which swept over Europe, and ended at the close of the thirteenth century. During this time there is every reason to suppose from the evidence of chronicles, fabric rolls, and works accounts that in England as well as elsewhere all the decorative arts were practised by persons associated together in schools or lodges with three gradations of members, namely, masters, workmen, and apprentices or novices. Art was at this date fostered by the monasteries, indeed, those who practised it were largely drawn from the inmates of the Benedictine houses, and it would seem that, at all events at St. Albans, the sacrists were themselves workers and sometimes held the rank of master workmen. During this period one man practised many arts. We know that Richard the Painter superintended the building of Hereford Castle in 1172, and, later, Master John of St. Omer, while making the great lectern for the chapter house at Westminster in 1253, had carpenters, masons, painters, smiths, and others working under his direction. Numerous other instances could be quoted were not the practice so well known as to make it unnecessary.
IV.—Excavations in an Anglo-Saxon Burial Ground at Mitcham, Surrey.
Authors: Bidder Harold F. , Duckworth W.L.H.
Published: November 2011

It is proposed in this paper to give some account of a burial ground of the early Anglo-Saxon period at Mitcham, at present partially excavated.

The finds of Anglo-Saxon remains in Surrey have so far been few, and the accounts of them meagre. Of those recorded the cemetery opened at Oroydon during some road excavations in 1895 is the most important. It may be noted that Croydon is at the head of a branch of the Wandle, which river flows close to the Mitcham ground. There are some points of resemblance between the finds on these two sites, although the burnt remains discovered at Croydon have no counterpart at Mitcham.
III.—The Devastation of Bedfordshire and the Neighbouring Counties in 1065 and 1066
Authors: Fowler G. H.
Published: November 2011

The work which I have the honour of laying before the Society to-night makes no pretence to originality of idea. That credit is due to Mr. Francis Baring, Dr. Round, and their predecessors. But I do venture to claim for it some small novelty in the application to the problem of more scientific methods than have as yet been applied to it, which should yield more certain conclusions. The starting-point of this study was the attempt of the late Mr. Baring to trace the route of the Conqueror's army in 1066 by the records of the devastation which are preserved in Domesday Book. For certain counties he took the values of the manors in King Edward's day (T. R. E. valet), a date which we may call 1065/6; and also the value when the manor was received by a Norman baron—in Domesday phrase the Quando Receptum or Q. R. valet—generally taken as 1067/8. From what may be called a naked-eye comparison of these two values, he inferred that a part at least of William's army had passed through those manors which showed a heavy depreciation in 1067/8 as compared with 1066, and he provisionally indicated the routes followed by the columns. The weakness of his case, however, lay in the facts, first, that he apparently considered only the manors, and not all the holdings in each village; secondly, that he merely considered the absolute figures as recorded by Domesday. To those who were not so familiar with the Great Survey as was Mr. Baring, the method was unconvincing, and, in consequence, many scholars have remained sceptical of his conclusions.
XV.—Notes on the later history of the Steelyard in London
Authors: Norman Philip
Published: November 2011

The following paper is perhaps more historical than is now customary with us, but I venture to quote in my defence the second paragraph of our charter, which commends not only the study of “Antiquity” but of the “History of former times.”

The paper chiefly describes the later connexion of the Germans with the Steelyard in London, that is from 1598, when they were turned out for a time by Queen Elizabeth, supplementing Dr. J. M. Lappenberg's book on the Hanseatic settlement here, published at Hamburg in 1851, which we have in our library. Incidentally I have written a note on the carved screen of All Hallows the Great, the parish church of the Steelyard.
XVIII.—Excavations on the site of the Roman city at Silchester, Hants, in 1908
Authors: Hope W. H. St. John
Published: November 2011

Before submitting to the Society, on behalf of the Executive Committee of the Silchester Excavation Fund, an account of the work carried out last season, I must say a few words on the loss we have sustained by the death of our two colleagues, George Edward Fox and Frederick George Hilton Price. It was chiefly on account of the interest created by our late Director's excavations on the site, of which he communicated a description to the Society in 1886 that I was able to persuade Mr. Fox to associate himself with the scheme for the complete and systematic excavation of the site which we had the honour of laying before the Society in February, 1890. With the carrying out of this scheme both our departed friends were intimately associated. As Honorary Treasurer to the Excavation Fund our late Director not only devoted a good deal of valuable time, but was himself the contributor of a handsome annual subscription to the work he had so largely inspired. Of Mr. Fox's part it is hardly necessary to speak. Most of the earlier records of our operations were written by him, and to his skill with pencil and brush we owe the beautiful drawings of architectural remains and mosaic pavements that from time to time have been enshrined in Archaeologia. Although increasing feebleness and ill health in recent years hindered our friend from visiting Silchester as often as formerly, his interest to the last was unabated, and it is sad to think that his death should have occurred within a few weeks of the end of the great work on which he had so set his heart.
III.—Lettered Egyptian Textiles in the Victoria and Albert Museum
Authors: Gaselee Stephen
Published: November 2011

The textile is not a wholly suitable material to receive lettering, at any rate in our Western angular alphabets; the stitches have to be very fine to preserve satisfactorily the characteristic forms of letters, and it seems difficult to work a word or sentence satisfactorily into the design. In the best ages of Western ecclesiastical embroidery, texts from Scripture and prayers were avoided; we may find the name of a saint, especially if his attribute is not very obvious, and, more often, the sacred monograms IHC and XP (). In later times examples of lettering in needlework, most familiar to us Englishmen in the ‘sampler’, usually seem to have something of the bizarre about them.
I.—The Roman Baths at Bath; with an Account of the Excavations conducted during 1923
Authors: Knowles W. H.
Published: November 2011

The town or settlement of ancient Aquae Sulis comprised an area of less than thirty acres. It was encircled on three sides by the river Avon, and almost surrounded by the lofty outliers of Cotswold and Mendip. The situation was an attractive one, and singularly appropriate for the important structures contained within the walled area. The baths occupied a central position in the town, and were in length at least one-third of its width from east to west.
VII.—Irish Brooches of Five Centuries
Authors: Smith Reginald A.
Published: November 2011

A number of ancient brooches on the penannular principle is to be seen in the British Museum and the National Museum of Antiquities at Edinburgh, as well as in the National Museum at Dublin, where most are naturally preserved, as the type is predominantly Irish. It is not surprising to find that the ends of the hoop are frequently joined, thus rendering the ordinary name in a strict sense inapplicable, but it will be convenient to include as penannular those, generally of the middle period, that have evidently been developed from the standard pattern but have a different arrangement of the pin owing to the fusion of the terminals. The penannular group of brooches includes specimens which, if considered apart, would hardly betray any common features; but the existence of many intermediate stages renders a logical and chronological sequence possible, and an attempt will be made to give some degree of precision in place of the unsupported guesses of the past.
III.—Two Forfeitures in the Year of Agincourt
Authors: Kingsford C. L.
Published: November 2011

The two forfeitures here described have no more certain connexion than that they both took place in the same year, and that the chief documents for both now lie together in the same file. The first has to do with the property of Henry le Scrope, who was the prime mover in the plot against Henry Vand was executed at Southampton on 5th August 1415. The second has to do with Richard Gurmyn, a Lollard who was burnt at Smithfield for heresy on 9th September in the same year. It is possible that the Lollard leader, Sir John Oldcastle, was privy to Scrope's plot, and it is not impossible that Gurmyn's execution was in part political; but even if Gurmyn was in any way concerned in Scrope's plot, the connexion between the forfeitures is purely accidental.
I.—Some Chancery Proceedings of the Fifteenth Century
Authors: Martin C. Trice
Published: November 2011

In the course of my official duties, I have lately been examining the Chancery bills of the fifteenth century. The number of these documents preserved in the Public Record Office is very great. Masses of them have never been seen by the public since they were presented. Now they are being cleaned and arranged, so as to make them accessible to students, and catalogues of them are being printed.
VI.—Notes on a Standing Cup of silver gilt with the Arms of William the Silent, the property of the Earl of Yarborough, F.S.A.
Authors: Read Charles Hercules
Published: November 2011

The cup exhibited by Lord Yarborough, and figured in the annexed plates, is a fine example of the silversmith's work of the time, and is of very special interest as having belonged to one of the most striking characters in modern history. The description of it is as follows.
I.—On Late-Celtic Antiquities discovered at Welwyn, Herts
Authors: Smith Reginald A.
Published: November 2011

Since the extensive find at Aylesford, published by the Society in 1890, there have been numerous isolated discoveries of pedestal and other urns, especially in Essex and Kent, most of which have found their way into Colchester Museum; but nothing that could be said to throw any new light on the Early Iron Age of Britain was met with till 1906, when burial vaults were discovered at Welwyn (fig. 1). To ensure greater privacy the late Mr. George Edward Dering, of Lockleys, arranged for the diversion of the station road which passed the lodge-gates of his park; this operation involved cutting through a chalk hill capped with gravel, which proved rich in Late-Celtic remains, Unfortunately for archaeology, the excavations were not supervised with this end in view, and much was no doubt destroyed or overlooked by the workmen. An important series, however, of which a list is given below, came into the hands of Mr. Dering, who questioned the foreman as to their position and grouping, and the following account is based on notes taken by the present writer of Mr. Dering's statement in January, 1907. They are supplemented and in part corrected by information given to Sir Arthur Evans by Sir A. Scott-Gatty, Garter King of Arms, who did all in his power as a resident at Welwyn to rescue the antiquities and to preserve a record of the circumstances in which they were found. The discovery was also communicated by him to Sir John Evans, who visited Lockleys with the President to make an inspection of the objects in December, 1906. They were then in a lamentable condition, and remained so till Mr. Dering's death i n January, 1911, after which, by desire of Mrs. Alfred James Neall, Mr. Dering's daughter and heiress, they were removed to the British Museum, to be presented to the Trustees after being exhibited to the Society.
X.—The Plan of the Church and Monastery of St. Augustine, Bristol
Authors: Paul Roland W.
Published: November 2011

Many plans exist of what is now the Cathedral at Bristol, but there are to my knowledge none to a sufficiently large scale to be of much practical use, and in those that do exist, with two exceptions, the buildings south of the church, that surround the cloister court, are either only roughly outlined or are omitted altogether. The two exceptions are (1) the Ordnance Survey map of 1884, which shows buildings now destroyed, and (2) a plan (without scale) which accompanies a paper by the late Mr. E. W. Godwin, F.S.A., published in the Archaeological Journal for 1863. This is little more than a block plan, but it is the only attempt hitherto made to identify the various monastic buildings. Since this latter plan was made a road has been taken through near the gatehouse, involving the destruction of the buildings that stood on the west side of College Green at that point, and since 1884 another road has been made on the south side across the site of some of the then existing monastic buildings. The precinct is now therefore considerably reduced in area; originally it appears to have included College Green, while the monastic land extended south to the rivers Frome and Avon. The plan (pi. XXXIV) includes all the monastic buildings now remaining, and shows the position and extent as far as possible of those destroyed. Some old plans, the property of the Dean and Chapter, have quite recently been placed at my disposal, which have enabled me to add the buildings west of the church and adjoining the gate-house.
I.—Monumental Effigies made by Bristol Craftsmen (1240–1550)
Authors: Fryer Alfred C.
Published: November 2011

Memorial figures to seven Saxon bishops carved in Doulting stone on coffin-lids are in Wells Cathedral. The five earlier of these were sculptured by masons who had been engaged on the newly completed quire built by Bishop Reginald, and the leaf-carving on the canopied niches for the heads and the folds for the draperies in parallel-curved ribs give the date of 1200 for two of these effigies and a few years later for the other three. The latest two bishop-effigies show, however, that these masons or their sons, who were training themselves to become statuaries, were using stiff-leaf foliage on the slab of Bishop Dudoc's effigy, and on both are found the ripple folds of drapery, a well known characteristic of the statues on Bishop Jocelyn's west front (1220–40), giving us the date of 1230 (pl. 1, fig. 1). We are thus enabled to study at Wells the gradual advance towards statue technique from the beginning of the thirteenth century until the death of Bishop Jocelyn in 1242, marking a stage in a local experiment of English sculpture. These thirteenth-century craftsmen of Wells show wonderful restraint as well as great simplicity, while at the same time in no way indifferent to the charm of light and flowing drapery.
III.—A Portable Dial in the form of a book, with Figures derived from Raymond Lul
Authors: Dalton O. M.
Published: November 2011

The dial forming the subject of this paper, acquired by the British Museum in 1923, is of gilt copper, made in the form of a book, along the edges of which are inscribed in capitals the words: Lucerna instrumentalis | intellectus directiva | sive instrumentum sciendi. The dial-plate which is fixed in the interior has a compass and two very short gnomons. It is for use in the latitudes of 42 and 45, and would serve for Rome and one of the large towns in the North Italian plain, perhaps Milan or Venice. It was made at Rome in the year 1593, as shown by the inscription on the dial-plate. On the cover is a shield of arms, barry, and in chief the letters I H S surmounted by a cross, a feature perhaps indicating that the owner was a member of the Society of Jesus; a fuller device, in which the three nails of the Passion are seen below the sacred monogram and cross, occupies the centre of the figure on the outside of the lower cover. The identification of the arms presents difficulties. They might be those of the Caraffa (gules, three bars argent), a member of which family, Vincenzio Caraffa, was general of the Jesuits in 1645.
XIII.—Medieval Tallies, Public and Private
Authors: Jenkinson Hilary
Published: November 2011

It is now almost exactly twelve years since I first introduced this subject to the notice of the Society in connexion with a then recent deposit of medieval Exchequer Tallies at the Public Record Office; and though I subsequently communicated two further notes upon it, I may plead that even since those were made ten years have elapsed. During that “time there has been a great change in our knowledge of Exchequer procedure. Two or three notable books have appeared and a considerable amount of work has been done, though not all of it has yet been printed, upon the neglected Exchequer Records. Already we begin to look with quite different eyes at medieval financial problems, even though our knowledge of the great mass of the Memoranda Rolls, Receipt and Issue Rolls, Wardrobe Accounts and subsidiary documents still owes practically nothing to any publication of texts from those Records. I have accordingly thought it worth while to submit to the Society a further stage in our knowledge of the financial system, public, semi-public and private, of which Tallies formed so important a part. I have fortunately little to retract from what I said in my previous papers, but there are a few new points to note, some remarks to be extended, and a selection to be offered from a considerable accumulation of further illustrations.
VIII—Wall-Paintings in Croughton Church, Northamptonshire
Authors: Tristram E.W. , James M.R.
Published: November 2011

One of the most remarkable periods in the history of English art is that which covers the closing years of the thirteenth and the opening years of the fourteenth centuries. This period is distinguished, among other evidences of intense artistic vitality, by the appearance of a group of illuminated manuscripts, some of which were produced by the famous East Anglian school of illuminators, while others had their origin in London. Their works bear the impress of their artists' contact with a busy world; they mark an advance upon their predecessors, not however because they cut themselves adrift from the ‘hieratic’ traditions maintained in the monastic houses, for at least another century had to pass before this finally occurred, but in their purely artistic qualities; they express swifter movement, show more vivid observation, and manifest a greater delight in all natural and human form. For a century or more English art had shown remarkable powers of growth: now it began to emerge from the cloister; artists and craftsmen congregated in centres, and they became forcing houses, as it were, of a new and luxuriant growth, which was peculiarly and essentially English without any immediate counterpart on the continent.
XIII.—Sir John de Pulteney and his Two Residences in London, Cold Harbour and the Manor of the Rose, together with a few Remarks on the Parish of St. Laurence Poultney
Authors: Norman Philip
Published: November 2011

In February, 1900, when Mr. George Payne gave us his excellent report from Kent as our local secretary there, he exhibited drawings (since reproduced in the Society's Proceedings) of a crypt or undercroft beneath the George Inn, Rochester, probably one of the most perfect specimens of the kind in England. I then mentioned that a somewhat similar crypt had existed on Laurence Poultney Hill, close to Cannon Street, until quite recently, that it had formed part of the mansion of Sir John de Pulteney, and that it was of great historic interest. Structures of this kind were common in English towns during the Middle Ages, not only beneath churches and chapels but under domestic buildings. They tended to make the upper portions dry, and merchants no doubt found them useful for the storage of goods, or as cellars only, according to circumstances. When art was not merely a thing to be discussed and criticised, but formed an essential part of every-day life, they were naturally also beautiful. These crypts, built of stone and only in part below ground, frequently had superstructures of wood, which in course of time have disappeared or been rebuilt. A good many of them still exist in provincial England, and in London several fine ones have been destroyed during the present century. I will begin by very briefly referring to a few of which I have found record.
The propagation of weak discontinuities in quasi-linear hyperbolic systems when a characteristic shock occurs
Authors: Donato Andrea
Published: November 2011

Synopsis

In this paper we study the propagation of weak discontinuities in quasi-linear hyperbolic systems of equations with discontinuous coefficients when one or more speeds of propagation o f the discontinuity wave is coincident with the speed of propagation of the strong discontinuity.
Spectral analysis of the Epstein operator
Authors: Guillot J. C. , Wilcox C. H.
Published: November 2011

Synopsis

The Epstein operator is defined by

where x = (x1, …, xn) ∈ Rn, y ∈ R,

and H, K, L, M are real constants such that c2(y) > 0. The operator arises in the study of acoustic wave propagation in plane-stratified fluids with sound speed c(y) at depth y. In this paper it is shown that A defines a selfadjoint operator in the Hilbert space ℋ = L2(Rn + 1c−2(y) dx dy) where dx = dx1 … dxn. The spectral family of A is constructed, the spectrum is shown to be continuous and an eigenfunction expansion for A is given in terms of families of improper eigenfunctions.
On a fourth-order singular integral inequality
Authors: Russell A.
Published: November 2011

Synopsis

The inequality considered in this paper is

whereNis the real-valued symmetric differential expression defined by

General properties of this inequality are considered which result in giving an alternative account of a previously considered inequality

to which (*) reduces in the casep=q= 0,r= 1.

Inequality (*) is also an extension of the inequality

as given by Hardy and Littlewood in 1932. This last inequality has been extended by Everitt to second-order differential expressions and the methods in this paper extend it to fourth-order differential expressions. As with many studies of symmetric differential expressions the jump from the second-order to the fourth-order introduces difficulties beyond the extension of technicalities: problems of a new order appear for which complete solutions are not available.
Inequalities satisfied by electromagnetic radiation fields
Authors: O'Brien D. M.
Published: November 2011

Synopsis

This paper presents two inequalities satisfied by any electromagnetic radiation field which is defined in the region outside a smooth, bounded surface and which varies harmonically with time. These inequalities provide an upper bound on the error introduced into the radiation pattern of the field when the field is approximated in numerical calculations. All constants which appear in the inequalities and the error estimate are computable.
Eigenfunction expansions and spectral matrices of singular differential operators
Authors: Hinton Don B.
Published: November 2011

Synopsis

We consider the eigenfunction expansions associated with a symmetric differential operator M[·] of order 2n with coefficients defined on an open interval (a, b). Each singular endpoint of (a, b) is assumed to be of limit-n type. A direct convergence theory is established for the eigenfunction series expansion of a function y in a set Termwise differentiation of the series is established for the derivatives of order up to n. For O ≤ i ≤ n − 1, the i-fold differentiated series converges absolutely and uniformly to y(i) on compact intervals; the n−fold differentiated series converges to yn in the mean. The expansion theory is valid also when an essential spectrum is present. An explicit formula is given for the calculation of the spectral matrix.
Piecewise continuous solutions of pseudoparabolic equations in two space dimensions
Authors: Begehr Heinrich , Gilbert Robert P.
Published: November 2011

Synopsis

Here the Riemann boundary value problem-well known in analytic function theory as the problem to find entire analytic functions having a prescribed jump across a given contour-is solved for solutions of a pseudoparabolic equation which is derived from the complex differential equation of generalized analytic function theory. The general solution is given by use of the generating pair of the corresponding class of generalized analytic functions which gives rise to a representation for special bounded solutions of the pseudoparabolic equation. These solutions are obtained by linear integral equations one of which is given by a development of the generalized fundamental kernels of generalized analytic functions and which leads to a Cauchy-type integral representation. The bounded solutions are needed to transform the general boundary value problem (of non-negative index) with arbitrary initial data into a homogeneous problem which can easily be solved by the Cauchy-type integral (if the index is zero).
A note on the coordinatisation of implicative (semi-)lattices by Baer semigroups
Authors: Johnson C. S.
Published: November 2011

Synopsis

We show that a bounded (semi-)lattice is implicative if and only if it can be coordinatised by a (right) Baer semigroup ℛS in which each element of (S) has an idempotent generator f such that fe = efe for all idempotents e with eS ∈ ℛ(S).
The last of the Fibonacci groups
Authors: Havas George , Richardson J. S. , Sterling Leon S.
Published: November 2011

Synopsis

All the Fibonacci groups in the family F(2, n) have been either fully identified or determined to be infinite, bar one, namely F(2, 9). Using computer-aided techniques it is shown that F(2, 9) has a quotient of order 152.5741, and an explicit matrix representation for a quotient of order 152.518 is given. This strongly suggests that F(2, 9) is infinite, but no proof of such a claim is available.