bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-energy Orbit Sliding Mode Control for Nonlinear Energy Harvesting
Authors: Zhang Ying , Ding Changshun , Wang Jie , Cao Junyi
Published: February 2021

Vibration energy harvesting has extensive application prospects in many significant occasions, such as mechanical structure health monitoring, vehicle tire pressure monitoring, IoT devices and human health monitoring. The nonlinearity is an effective method to improve the energy harvesting efficiency where there are low- and high-energy orbits in the multi-solution region of the system. The harvested power will be increased significantly when the system is guided from the low-energy orbit to the high-energy orbit. However, previous research mainly focuses on the theoretical and numerical investigation of controlling strategy, but the feasibility of control methods has not been verified experimentally. This paper proposes a high-energy sliding mode control method through rotatable magnets actuated by micro-motor. The electromechanical model of mono-stable and bi-stable systems with the identified nonlinear restoring force is established to design a sliding mode control algorithm for enhancing the energy harvesting performance. Simulation and experiment results demonstrate that the rotatable magnets with sliding mode control have a positive influence on reaching the high-energy orbit for both mono-stable and bi-stable systems within the multi-solution region. Moreover, the rotatable magnets method with a sliding mode control actuates the small magnets in the system for a short time with little consumption of energy. This research has provided a practical application of high-energy orbit control for improvement of the energy harvesting.
Effect of Silicon fertilization on two major insect pests of tomato under greenhouse conditions
Authors: Alyousuf Aqeel , Hamid Dawood , Desher Mohsen A. , Nikpay Amin , Laane Henk-Marten
Published: February 2021

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L) is an important vegetable crop in Iraq. This horticultural crop is attacked by several insect pest species. Among them, the whitefly Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and the tomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) are the major threat of greenhouse tomatoes in Basrah province in south Iraq. The management of these pests is heavily based on application of chemical pesticides. Vast application of pesticides caused harmful damage to the environment, human health and may increasing the risk of pest resistance on insect populations. One of the promising strategies which are compatible with organic farming is application of silicon for enhancing plant vigor and resistance to pest damage on various agricultural crops. Due to these facts, the experiments have been carried out at Basrah University to evaluate the effects of silicon (Si) fertilization on tomato plants for reducing damage of these two major pests. Treatments comprised two type of Si applications (Soil drench treatment and foliar spraying) with four Si concentrations (0, 0.5, 1 and 2%) of AB Yellow ® silicic acid formulation. The population density of B. tabaci and T. absoluta were studied weekly during the growth season. The results clearly demonstrated that Silicon applications significantly decreased the population of immature of both whiteflies and tomato leaf miner on tomato crop in the greenhouse; Si-Foliar spraying was more effective in reducing the population density of these key pests compared to Si- soil drench application.
Numerical Study on Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of Pyrolytic Bio-Oil Model Compound, Guaiacol, in Fluidized Bed Reactor
Authors: Fortunate Ogene , Kishore Nanda
Published: February 2021

The bio-oil obtained by thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass consist of large fractions of oxygenated compounds which deteriorate its quality leading to low calorific value, high viscosity, high density, high moisture content, etc. Therefore, the bio-oil should be deoxygenated using hydrogen in the presence of appropriate catalyst to improve its properties. Adequate literature on pyrolysis of biomass within the framework of computational fluid dynamics is available but only a couple of papers available on hydrodeoxygenation of bio-oil obtained by pyrolysis. Thus, in this study, guaiacol has been selected as a representative model compound of phenolic fraction of bio-oil for upgrading it by catalytic hydrodeoxygenation. The reaction process has been implemented in a fluidised bed reactor in the presence of palladium catalyst, Pd/Al 2 O 3 using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based solver, ANSYS Fluent 14.5. The range of conditions considered herein are: weight-hourly space velocity (WHSV) = 1, 3 and 5 h -1 ; superficial H 2 -gas velocity, u = 0.075, 0.15 and 0.25 m/s; catalyst load = 0.06 kg and temperature, T = 548 K, 573 K, and 598 K. The solver has been thoroughly validated in terms of grid dependence study, time step size dependence study validating hydrodynamics and HDO results wherever possible with existing literature results. The HDO of guaiacol produces phenol as the most abundant compound along with significant amount of cyclopentanone and methanol. The formation of cyclopentanone from HDO of guaiacol is favourable at high temperature whereas low temperature conditions favour formation of methanol and phenol.
Outcome of unstable pertrochanteric fractures in high-risk geriatric treated with external fixators
Authors: Liang Yu , Liu Shaojiang , Zhong Fenglin
Published: February 2021

Background: To review the outcome of high-risk geriatrics with unstable pertrochanteric fractures treated with external fixator.Methods: Eighteen consecutive patients with pertrochanteric fractures were operated with external fixator by using closed reduction technique. AO type (A2.2, A2.3, A3.1, A.3.2 and A.3.3)) fractures were included in the study. Accompanying diseases, operating time, transfused blood units, duration of hospitalization, complications, healing time and mortality were recorded. Patients were followed clinically and radiologically for two years at least. The Harris Hip Score was used to document hip function at each regular follow-up.Results: Fifteen patients with average age of 71.5 years were available for final evaluation. The mean operating time was 41.1 min and union was achieved in all cases with an average time of 16 weeks. The mean Harris Hip Score at one, three, six, twelve and twenty-four month postoperatively was 42.07 ± 8.55; 55.07 ± 11.62; 70.07 ± 10.32; 86.27 ± 9.06 and 89.27 ± 8.81 respectively. Complications included fifteen of patients undergoing loss of some motion in the knee and four of them had to experience revision surgery because of knee stiffness, ten cases of pin-tract infections, seven cases of deep venous thrombosis, two cases of migration of the screws and two cases limb shorteningConclusions: It was of paramount importance that a comprehensive, multidisciplinary cooperation was consistently implemented and medical personnel provided detailed rehabilitation training plan and kept close contact with patients to make these high-risk geriatrics with unstable perotrochanteric fractures achieve satisfactory long-term effect owing to short-term functional results are quite unsatisfactory.
Development and application of a triplex TaqMan RT-PCR assay for simultaneous detection of Feline calicivirus, Feline Herpesvirus 1 and Feline parvovirus
Authors: Zhang Xiyu , Tang Zhihui , Niu Haoyan , Yan Liping , song suquan
Published: February 2021

The feline calicivirus (FCV), feline herspesvirus 1 (FHV-1) and feline panleukemia virus (FPV) are heavily threaten the health of cats. In this study, a triplex TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay (triplex assay) was developed to detect these viruses. The optimized concentration of primers was 0.5 µM of each, probes concentration was 0.1 µM for FCV and FHV-1, 0.05 µM for FPV. The annealing temperature was set at 54 ℃. The triplex RT-PCR assay was carefully validated. The detection limit for FPV, FCV, and FHV-1 was 5×101 copies/µL, which showed a 10-100-fold increase in the sensitivity compared with the conventional PCR. The coefficients of variation (CV) of the intra-assay variability of the test were < 1.86%, and that of inter-assay was < 3.19%, indicating excellent repeatability and reproducibility of the triplex assay. Additionally, the assay has perfect specificity. In a pilot study, samples from 48 cats were analyzed using the triplex RT-PCR method and the commercial kits, and further confirmed by sequencing. The positive rates for the samples analyzed with these two methods were 70.83% and 62.5%, respectively, which demonstrated that the developed method was more accurate than the commercial kits in clinical diagnosis.
Serum Proteomic Profiling in Patients with Advanced Schistosoma Japonicum-Induced Hepatic Fibrosis
Authors: Huang Jing , Yin Xinguang , Zhang Lifang , Yao Ming , Wei Dahai , Wu Yiming
Published: February 2021

Background: Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) is a parasitic flatworm that is the aetiological agent of human schistosomiasis, an important cause of hepatic fibrosis. Schistosomiasis-induced hepatic fibrosis is a consequence of the highly fibrogenic nature of egg-induced granulomatuous lesions, the main pathogenic factor of schistosomiasis. Although global awareness of the association between schistosomiasis-indued hepatic fibrosis and s. japonicum infection is increasing, little is known about the mechanism mediating the rapid progression to schistosomiasis in cirrhotic patients.Methods: We systematically used data-independent acquisition (DIA)-based liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify differentially expressed proteins in serum samples from patients with advanced S. japonicum-induced hepatic fibrosis.Results: On the basis of our analysis, we identified 1,144 proteins, among which 67 were differentially expressed between the healthy control and SHF-F2 groups and 214 were differentially expressed between the SHF-F2 and SHF-F4 groups (up- or downregulation of at least 1.5-fold in serum samples). Furthermore, our results indicated that two selected proteins (C1QA and CFD) are potential biomarkers for distinguishing patients with cirrhosis resulting from S. japonicum infection.Conclusions: This report is the first to provide a global proteomic profile of serum samples from patients with advanced S. japonicum-induced hepatic fibrosis. Our results shed new light on the molecular mechanisms that are dysregulated in and contribute to the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis-induced hepatic fibrosis. C1QA and CFD are promising diagnostic markers for patients with cirrhosis resulting from S. japonicum infection, although further large-scale studies are needed. Our DIA-based quantitative proteomic analysis revealed molecular differences among individuals with different stages of advanced S. japonicum-induced hepatic fibrosis and might provide fundamental information for further detailed investigations.
Stegarmory: Offensive Cyber Security Software for Embedding Shellcode in Images
Authors: Hedrick Mark R. , Holman Justin
Published: February 2021

The paper introduces StegArmory, a new open source software package with practical applications for offensive cyber security operators. StegArmory uses steganography techniques to embed machine code, or shellcode, in images. Shellcode is typically flagged as malicious by antivirus software due to the payloads they often contain, but detection becomes more difficult when shellcode is embedded in a common image file. Using steganography to embed shellcode within portable network graphic (PNG) images, StegArmory provides a new way to avoid detection of potentially malicious payloads while ensuring reliable transmission. In this paper, the StegArmory software development process is described, performance benchmarks are established and detection metrics are measured using sample cover images. Two image-based steganography techniques are utilized, least significant bit (LSB) and pixel value differencing (PVD). Test results indicate the software effectively produces PNG image files, using both LSBand PVD approaches, with embedded shellcode capable of avoiding malicious payload detection. The LSB method is faster but the PVD method handles larger payloads and image modifications are more difficult to detect.
Prediction of blood supply in vestibular schwannomas using radiomics machine-learning classifiers
Authors: Wei Xinting , Song Dixiang , Zhai Yixuan , Tao Xiaogang , Zhao Chao , Wang Minkai
Published: February 2021

Objective

This study attempts to explore the radiomics-based features of multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and construct a machine-learning model to predict the blood supply in vestibular schwannoma preoperatively.
Methods

By retrospectively collecting the preoperative MRI data of patients with vestibular schwannoma, patients were divided into poor and rich blood supply group according to the intraoperative recording. Patients were divided into training and test cohorts (2:1), randomly. Stable features were retained by intra-group correlation coefficients (ICCs). Four feature selection methods and four classification methods were evaluated to construct favorable radiomic classifiers. The mean area under the curve (AUC) obtained in the test set for different combinations of feature selecting methods and classifiers was calculated separately to compare the performance of the models. Obtain and compare the best combination result with the performance of differentiation through visual observation in clinical diagnosis.
Results

191 patients were included in this study, with 119 in the rich blood supply group and 72 in the poor blood supply group. A total of 5226 features were extracted each patient, of which 3918 features were stable. LASSO and logistic regression model was selected as the optimal combinations after comparing the AUC calculated by models, which predicted the blood supply of vestibular schwannoma by K-Fold cross-validation method with a mean AUC = 0.90 and F1-score = 0.89, and the model outperformed the neurosurgeons' visual observation with a mean F1-score = 0.64.
Conclusion

Radiomics machine-learning classifiers can accurately predict the blood supply of vestibular schwannoma by preoperative MRI data.
When character forges the crisis: Personality traits of world leaders and differential policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Medeiros Mike , Nai Alessandro , Erman Ayşegül , Young Elizabeth
Published: February 2021

The rapidly growing scholarship on the COVID-19 crisis has focused on a variety of macro-level factors to understand government policy responses. The current study addresses an important gap in this line of research by evaluating the extent to which government leaders’ personality traits have led to divergent policy responses during the pandemic. To do so, we use data from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker initiative to measure differences in both the speed and magnitude of these responses across countries and NEGex, a dataset that maps the personality traits of current heads of government (presidents or prime ministers) in 61 countries. Our results show that personality matters. We find that world leaders scoring high on “plasticity” (extraversion, openness) provide a stronger overall response, as well as a more rapid response in terms of financial relief. Whereas, leaders scoring high on “stability” (conscientiousness, agreeableness, emotional stability) offer both a quicker and stronger financial relief response. Our findings underscore the need to account for the personality of decision-makers when exploring policy decisions taken during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as during other crisis situations.
A Wavelet-based Approach for Truncating Pulse-like Records
Authors: Dimakopoulou Vicky , Fragiadakis Michalis , Taflampas Ioannis
Published: February 2021

The seismic performance assessment of structures using truncated pulse-like ground motion records is discussed. It is shown that it is possible to truncate pulse-like signals using a novel wavelet-based definition that identifies the duration of the predominant velocity pulse. The truncated time history can efficiently reproduce the increased seismic demand that near-field records typically produce. Substituting the original ground motion with the truncated signal, significantly accelerates structural analysis and design. The truncated signal is the part of the original accelerogram that coincides with the duration of the predominant pulse, which is identified using a wavelet-based procedure, previously proposed by the authors. Elastic and inelastic response spectra and nonlinear time history analyses for SDOF (single-degree-of-freedom) systems are first studied. Subsequently a nine-storey steel frame is examined in order to demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach on a multiple-degree-of-freedom system. The proposed approach is found very efficient for pulse-like ground motions, while it is also sufficient for many records that are not characterized as such.
Prevalence of Complications in Eyes With Nanophthalmos or Microphthalmos: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ally Naseer , Ismail Sarah , Alli Hassan Dawood
Published: February 2021

IntroductionMicrophthalmos and nanophthalmos are uncommon ocular conditions, whereby affected eyes have smaller dimensions compared to the normal population. Microphthalmos and nanophthalmos present several challenges to ophthalmologists; They have spontaneous and post-operative sequelae such as high hyperopia, angle-closure glaucoma, uveal effusion syndrome, and retinal detachment.This systematic review and meta-analysis intends to assess the prevalence of both the spontaneous complications associated with nanophthalmos and microphthalmos, as well as the post-surgical complications associated with nanophthalmos or microphthalmos. Methods and analysisArticles will be searched for, on four online databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science. Two independent reviewers will identify the studies according to prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Relevant data will be extracted and assessed for the risk of bias in each article. The data will then be pooled to determine the prevalence of complications among patients with microphthalmos and nanophthalmos. If any preventative measures are associated with lower risks of developing complications, these will be expressed as odds ratios.DiscussionAlthough nanophthalmos is an uncommon condition that affects the eye, its management and complications can be sight-threatening. Thus, it is important to counsel parents and patients correctly upon diagnosis and prior to any surgical intervention. This can only be done if the overall prevalence of complications is known.RegistrationThis systematic review has been submitted to PROSPERO for registration.
Metadichol®, a Novel Nano Lipid Formulation that Inhibits SARS-COV-2 and a Multitude of Pathological Viruses in vitro
Authors: Raghavan Palayakotai
Published: February 2021

New pathogenic virus outbreaks, occurring with increasing regularity, are leading us to explore novel approaches, which will reduce the reliance on time-consuming vaccine modes to halt the outbreaks. The requirement is to find a universal approach to disarm any new and as yet unknown viruses as they appear. A promising approach could be targeting lipid membranes, which are common to all viruses and bacteria.The ongoing pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) has reaffirmed the importance of interactions between components of the host cell plasma membrane and the virus envelope as a critical mechanism of infection. Metadichol®, a nano lipid emulsion, has been examined and shown to be a strong candidate to help stop the proliferation of SARS-COV-2.Naturally derived substances, such as long-chain saturated lipid alcohols, reduce the infectivity of various types of viruses, including coronaviruses such as SARS-COV-2, by modifying lipid-dependent attachment to human host cells. SARS-COV-2 uses the receptor ACE2 for entry and the serine protease TMPRSS2 for S protein priming.Metadichol®, a nano lipid formulation of long-chain alcohols, has been shown to inhibit TMPRSS2 (EC50 96 ng/ml). Compared to the inhibitor camostat mesylate (EC50 26000 ng/ml), it is 270 times more potent. Additionally, Metadichol® is also a extremely weak inhibitor of ACE2 at 31 µg/ml. Further a live virus assay in Caco2 cells, Metadichol® inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication with an EC90 of 0.16 µg/ml.
Computational phenotyping of obstructive airway diseases: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Bashir Muwada , Basna Rani , Zhang Guo-Qiang , Beckman Helena , Lindberg Anne , Ekerljung Linda , Axelsson Malin , Hedman Linnea , Vanfleteren Lowie , Lundbäck Bo , Rönmark Eva , Nuwaru Bright I.
Published: February 2021

Background: Over the last decade, computational sciences have contributed immensely to characterization of phenotypes of airway diseases, but it is difficult to compare derived phenotypes across studies, perhaps as a result of the different decisions that fed into these phenotyping exercises. We aim to perform a systematic review of studies using computational approaches to phenotype obstructive airway diseases in children and adults.Methods and analysis: We will search PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Google scholar for papers published between 2010 and 2020. Conferences proceedings, reference list of included papers, and experts will form additional sources of literature. Two reviewers will independently screen the retrieved studies for eligibility, extract relevant data, and perform quality appraisal of included studies. A third reviewer will arbitrate any disagreements in these processes. Quality appraisal of the studies will be undertaken using the Effective Public Health Practice Project quality assessment tool. We will use summary tables to describe the included studies. We will narratively synthesize the generated evidence, providing critical assessment of the populations, variables, and computational approaches used in deriving the phenotypes across studiesConclusion: As progress continues to be made in the area of computational phenotyping of chronic obstructive airway diseases, this systematic review, the first on this topic, will provide the state-of-the-art on the field and highlight important perspectives for future works.Registration and reporting:The full protocol for this systematic review is registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews with the number CRD42020164898 according to the requirements of the PRISMA-P guideline(1, 2).
Aufwachsen in Medienwelten
Authors: Kittel Cäcilia
Published: February 2021

Ausgabe 11 / 2008Themenschwerpunkt: Medienbildung in der frühen Kindheit
„Medieneinsatz im Unterricht“ – Angehende Lehrer/innen erproben praktische Medienarbeit
Authors: Risch Maren
Published: February 2021

Ausgabe 12 / 2009Themenschwerpunkt: Medien in der Lehrerbildung
Musik und Computer
Authors: Schneck Thomas
Published: February 2021

Ausgabe 12 / 2009Themenschwerpunkt: Medien in der Lehrerbildung
Medienpädagogische Elternbildung im Spannungsfeld einer entgrenzten Medienerziehung und als Baustein der Erziehungspartnerschaft von Eltern und Schule in Baden-Württemberg.
Authors: Mengler Stefanie
Published: February 2021

„Medien sind zu einem der wichtigsten Sozialisationsfaktoren der modernen Welt geworden“ (Spanhel 2006, Cover) und im Zuge der globalen und gesellschaftlichen Mediatisierung schreitet auch die Entgrenzung der Medienerziehung voran. Sie ist nicht länger auf den familiären Alltag begrenzt, sondern hat sich zu einer gesamtgesellschaftlichen Aufgabe entwickelt. Durch die Erosion der Grenzen erweitert sich das Spektrum der Medienerziehung um weitere Akteure und neue Herausforderungen. Dieser Beitrag greift die Problematik auf, veranschaulicht das Konzept der entgrenzten Medienerziehung und geht dabei der Leitfrage nach, inwieweit medienpädagogische Elternbildung als Baustein der Erziehungspartnerschaft von Eltern und Schule in Baden-Württemberg als ein hilfreiches Instrument zur Zusammenführung gemeinsamer Ziele in der Medienerziehung und unterstützend für alle am Bildungsprozess Beteiligten wirken kann. Der Beitrag erörtert dabei tradierte Rollenaufteilungen im Spannungsfeld der Medienerziehung und sucht nach Parametern, die zur Gestaltung von tragfähigen Konzepten der Elternbildung beitragen können. Perspektivisch zeigt dieser Text im Rahmen eines schuleigenen Jugendmedienschutzcurriculums neue Wege auf. Die Diskussion der umrissenen Aspekte zielt zudem auf eine stärkere Wahrnehmung der medienpädagogischen Elternbildung als wachsendes Handlungsfeld der Erwachsenenbildung.
Bridging nano-optics and condensed matter formalisms in a unified description of inelastic scattering of relativistic electron beams
Authors: Lourenço-Martins Hugo , Lubk Axel , Kociak Mathieu
Published: February 2021

In the last decades, the blossoming of experimental breakthroughs in the domain of electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) has triggered a variety of theoretical developments. Those have to deal with completely different situations, from atomically resolved phonon mapping to electron circular dichroism passing by surface plasmon mapping. All of them rely on very different physical approximations and have not yet been reconciled, despite early attempts to do so. As an effort in that direction, we report on the development of a scalar relativistic quantum electrodynamic (QED) approach of the inelastic scattering of fast electrons. This theory can be adapted to describe all modern EELS experiments, and under the relevant approximations, can be reduced to most of the last EELS theories. In that aim, we present in this paper the state of the art and the basics of scalar relativistic QED relevant to the electron inelastic scattering. We then give a clear relation between the two once antagonist descriptions of the EELS, the retarded dyadic Green function, usually applied to describe photonic excitations and the quasi-static mixed dynamic form factor (MDFF), more adapted to describe core electronic excitations of material. Using the photon propagator in a material, expressed in the relevant gauges, as a tool to understand the interaction between a fast electron and a material, we extend this relation to a newly defined quantity, the relativistic MDFF. The relation between the dyadic Green function and the relativistic MDFF does depend only on the photon propagator and not on the specifics of the particle (here, a fast electron) probing the target. Therefore, it can be adapted to any spectroscopy where a relation between the electromagnetic and electronic properties of a material is needed. We then use this theory to establish two important EELS-related equations. The first one relates the spatially resolved EELS to the imaginary part of the photon propagator and the incoming and outgoing electron beam wavefunction, synthesizing the most common theories developed for analyzing spatially resolved EELS experiments. The second one shows that the evolution of the electron beam density matrix is proportional to the mutual coherence tensor, proving that quite universally, the electromagnetic correlations in the target are imprinted in the coherence properties of the probing electron beam.
Managerial remuneration and payout policy: evidence from Indian Regular payers
Authors: Das Chandrabhanu , Kar Brajaballav , Kumar Jena Manoj
Published: February 2021

This study attempts to examine the role of managers in the associated agency theory on dividend policy decisions for firms that do not skip dividend payments. This research sample considered the firms that are listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and pay regular dividends on an annual basis from the financial year 2011 to 2020. Panel data econometric tools and robustness tests were carried out for model validation.The study results show that there is a higher positive relationship between change in payout ratio and managerial remuneration. Similarly, there is a large positive significance to increase manager incentive for regular payer firms with greater promoter control in higher dividend payout. Thus, this brings an agency theory perspective of rewarding well to managers to increase promoter wealth. Hence, policymakers can contemplate these findings to analyze the nexus between managers and promoters in the dividend policy of firms that never skip their dividend payments.
Impactos nos recursos naturais e a governança na construção de usinas hidrelétricas
Authors: Ribeiro Leonardo de Castro , Afonso Robério Ferreira , Souza Dércio Bernardes de , Riva Fabiana Rodrigues , Souza Filho Theophilo Alves de
Published: February 2021

A maioria dos novos projetos de geração de energia hidrelétrica tem como objetivo o melhoramento do padrão de vida dos cidadãos de um país, com o desenvolvimento do potencial energético, da industrialização, da melhoria de condições de subsistência e alívio da pobreza. Contudo, os empreendimentos nem sempre se preocupam com as práticas de governança, trazendo muitos impactos no uso dos recursos naturais e externalidades de diversificados efeitos sobre as pessoas, famílias e comunidades. Recorrendo à literatura por meio da realização de uma revisão sistemática, buscou-se identificar as características da governança na construção de empreendimentos hidrelétricos, verificando como a governança contribui para diminuir os impactos sociais e a degradação dos recursos naturais. Os  resultados apontam que as práticas de governança mitigam os efeitos específicos das alterações nos ambientes e nas comunidades envolvidas, seja com medidas de contingência ou mesmo compensações efetivas. Conclui-se que as boas práticas de governança valorizam as políticas de preservação ambiental, que podem minimizar impactos ambientais de grandes projetos. Dando seguimento a temática, discute-se, ao final, as contradições e inconsistências encontradas na literatura, evidenciando-se oportunidades e desafios que podem ser abordados por futuras pesquisas.
Fertility Potential of Freshly Isolated Adipose Tissue-derived Stromal Cells and Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Premature Ovarian Failure
Authors: Maqbool Tahir , Hadi Faheem , Tahir Sehrish , Naz Sadia , Shahnawaz Sajida , Awan Sana Javaid , Malik Arif
Published: February 2021

Background:

Failure to attain pregnancy or even miscarriage leads to a challenging type
of infertility which is premature ovarian failure (POF). Stem cells have the ability to repair ovarian
damage; adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (AT-SCs) and bone marrow mesenchymal stromal
cells (BM-MSCs) have demonstrated promising regenerative abilities in several diseases, including
POF.

Methods:

Various experiments were performed to prove the ability of AT-SCs and BM-MSCs in
restoring ovarian functions; a total of 20 rats were randomly selected and assigned to four experimental
groups with 5 rats in each group; 1st untreated, 2nd cyclophosphamide and busulfan, 3rd cyclophosphamide
and busulfan + AT-SCs, and 4th cyclophosphamide and busulfan + BM-MSCs
treated.

Results:

Groups 3 and 4 showed a restoration of ovarian functions in the form of an increase in
weight (including body weight and ovarian weight), anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) and estradiol
(E2) level, a decrease in follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) serum levels and an increase in antioxidant
level of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in comparison with group 2. Histochemistry
analysis demonstrated normal tissue distribution in the 3rd and 4th groups compared to
2nd group.

Conclusions:

We demonstrated the ability of AT-SCs and BM-MSCs to restore ovarian functions in
females with POF.
Current Status and Prospects of Camrelizumab, A Humanized Antibody Against Programmed Cell Death Receptor 1
Authors: Song Hao , Liu Xiaolong , Jiang Lu , Li Fangrong , Zhang Rong , Wang Ping
Published: February 2021

Background:

Camrelizumab, which was launched in China on May 29, 2019, is a humanized
anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) antibody. It is used for the treatment of complicated
or refractory classic Hodgkin's lymphoma with at least second-line chemotherapy. On March 4,
2020, camrelizumab was approved as a second-line drug in China for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular
carcinoma. Currently, camrelizumab is undergoing clinical research for advanced solid
tumors such as liver cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, and lung cancer, and all have shown
clinical efficacy.

Objective:

This review describes preclinical studies on camrelizumab and its efficacy and safety in
clinical studies in various tumors.

Methods:

A literature search was conducted on basic research and clinical trials of camrelizumab
determined its pharmacology, toxicology, pharmacokinetic properties, and current clinical research
status. We also analyzed the difference between camrelizumab and other PD-1 antibodies.

Results:

The results of preclinical studies show that camrelizumab binds to the PD-1 receptor and
has stable anti-tumor activity in a dose-dependent manner. Clinical studies show that camrelizumab
has therapeutic effects on a variety of tumors. The incidence of adverse reactions with camrelizumab
is low, with most being mild, reversible, and predictable.

Conclusion:

This review summarizes the current status of preclinical and clinical studies on camrelizumab.
Current research confirms that camrelizumab alone or in combination with other drugs
shows significant anti-cancer activity and a low incidence of adverse reactions. However, further
studies are needed to verify the application potential of camrelizumab in a variety of tumors.
Парамагнитные центры Mn-=SUP=-2+-=/SUP=-, Gd-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=- и Cu-=SUP=-2+-=/SUP=- в легированном хромом монокристалле Li-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-CaSiO-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-
Authors: Важенин В.А. , Потапов А.П. , Артёмов М.Ю. , Фокин А.В.
Published: February 2021

In the Li2CaSiO4 crystal, in addition to intense axial centers of Cr4+, the EPR spectra of impurity ions Mn2+ (S = 5/2), Gd3+ (S = 7/2), and Cu2+ (S = 1/2) have been discovered and studied. Manganese and gadolinium ions exhibit spectra of tetragonal symmetry, copper ions are represented by spectra of both axial and triclinic symmetry. The parameters of the spin Hamiltonians of tetragonal centers are determined. It was shown that Mn2+ and Gd3+ ions substitute for calcium ions with an eightfold oxygen environment, copper ions are localized in lithium positions with a tetrahedral environment. The reasons for the appearance of Cu2+ triclinic centers are discussed.
Virtual and Augmented Reality Applications in Medicine: Analysis of the Scientific Literature
Authors: Yeung Andy Wai Kan , Tosevska Anela , Klager Elisabeth , Eibensteiner Fabian , Laxar Daniel , Stoyanov Jivko , Glisic Marija , Zeiner Sebastian , Kulnik Stefan Tino , Crutzen Rik , Kimberger Oliver , Kletecka-Pulker Maria , Atanasov Atanas G , Willschke Harald
Published: February 2021

Background

Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) have recently become popular research themes. However, there are no published bibliometric reports that have analyzed the corresponding scientific literature in relation to the application of these technologies in medicine.

Objective

We used a bibliometric approach to identify and analyze the scientific literature on VR and AR research in medicine, revealing the popular research topics, key authors, scientific institutions, countries, and journals. We further aimed to capture and describe the themes and medical conditions most commonly investigated by VR and AR research.

Methods

The Web of Science electronic database was searched to identify relevant papers on VR research in medicine. Basic publication and citation data were acquired using the “Analyze” and “Create Citation Report” functions of the database. Complete bibliographic data were exported to VOSviewer and Bibliometrix, dedicated bibliometric software packages, for further analyses. Visualization maps were generated to illustrate the recurring keywords and words mentioned in the titles and abstracts.

Results

The analysis was based on data from 8399 papers. Major research themes were diagnostic and surgical procedures, as well as rehabilitation. Commonly studied medical conditions were pain, stroke, anxiety, depression, fear, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. Overall, contributions to the literature were globally distributed with heaviest contributions from the United States and United Kingdom. Studies from more clinically related research areas such as surgery, psychology, neurosciences, and rehabilitation had higher average numbers of citations than studies from computer sciences and engineering.

Conclusions

The conducted bibliometric analysis unequivocally reveals the versatile emerging applications of VR and AR in medicine. With the further maturation of the technology and improved accessibility in countries where VR and AR research is strong, we expect it to have a marked impact on clinical practice and in the life of patients.
Content in YouTube Videos for Rosacea: Cross-sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Basch Corey H , Laforet Priscila E , Hillyer Grace C , Seidel Erica J , Jaime Christie
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Rosacea is an inflammatory skin disease that is chronic in nature. In addition to the physical symptoms, there are substantial quality of life issues that patients with rosacea experience, largely due to the visible nature in which rosacea manifests.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to describe the content related to rosacea in highly viewed English- and Spanish-language videos on YouTube.

METHODS

We coded identifying information for each video and categories including characteristics of rosacea, clinical solutions, and alternative solutions. The 100 YouTube videos examined were viewed 18.5 million times between 2006 and 2020, and 57.3% (10,652,665/18,592,742) of these views were of consumer videos.

RESULTS

Videos posted by consumers more often promoted or were trying to sell a product or procedure (32/55, 58% of consumers vs 10/31, 32% of medical professionals and 4/14, 29% of television, internet, news, or entertainment sources; P=.03) and more frequently mentioned the use of makeup or other ways to cover up rosacea (30/55, 55% of consumers vs 6/31, 19% of medical professionals and 2/14, 14% of television, internet, news, or entertainment sources; P<.001). Videos sourced from medical professionals more often mentioned medication (17/31, 55%) than videos uploaded by consumers (14/55, 25%) or TV, internet, news, or entertainment sources (3/14, 21%) (P=.01).

CONCLUSIONS

Given that rosacea is experienced differently for each person, consumer advice that works for one individual may not work for another. There is a need for reliable videos on rosacea to emphasize this and clarify misconceptions.
Efficiency and Quality of Data Collection Among Public Mental Health Surveys Conducted During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Lin Yu-Hsuan , Chen Chung-Yen , Wu Shiow-Ing
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

The World Health Organization has recognized the importance of assessing population-level mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. During a global crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic, a timely surveillance method is urgently needed to track the impact on public mental health.

OBJECTIVE

This brief systematic review focused on the efficiency and quality of data collection of studies conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS

We searched the PubMed database using the following search strings: ((COVID-19) OR (SARS-CoV-2)) AND ((Mental health) OR (psychological) OR (psychiatry)). We screened the titles, abstracts, and texts of the published papers to exclude irrelevant studies. We used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to evaluate the quality of each research paper.

RESULTS

Our search yielded 37 relevant mental health surveys of the general public that were conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, as of July 10, 2020. All these public mental health surveys were cross-sectional in design, and the journals efficiently made these articles available online in an average of 18.7 (range 1-64) days from the date they were received. The average duration of recruitment periods was 9.2 (range 2-35) days, and the average sample size was 5137 (range 100-56,679). However, 73% (27/37) of the selected studies had Newcastle-Ottawa Scale scores of <3 points, which suggests that these studies are of very low quality for inclusion in a meta-analysis.

CONCLUSIONS

The studies examined in this systematic review used an efficient data collection method, but there was a high risk of bias, in general, among the existing public mental health surveys. Therefore, following recommendations to avoid selection bias, or employing novel methodologies considering both a longitudinal design and high temporal resolution, would help provide a strong basis for the formation of national mental health policies.
Avifaunal Diversity and Community Structure in Universitas Brawijaya Forest, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Nurrofik Agus , Fathoni Muhammad , Kurnianto Agung Sih , Septiadi Luhur , Kurniawan Nia
Published: February 2021

Avifauna inhabiting the mountainous forest ecosystem is severely threatened by anthropogenic disturbances, especially in the Java island of ­­Indonesia. Yet, efforts to monitor the avifauna diversity are lacking, including in one of the mountainous forest areas, Universitas Brawijaya Forest (UBF). In this study, information about diversity, community structure, feeding specialization, and conservation status of avifauna is presented. Observations were conducted from December 2019 to February 2020 on two designated tracks with different degree of disturbances. Data were analyzed based on their conservation status, local distribution, feeding specialization (Jaccard similarity index), species richness, total abundance, species diversity (Shannon-Wiener diversity index), and importance value index (IVI). A total of 51 species from 27 families were identified. Two species at risk (one Near Threatened and one Endangered) and 9 protected avifauna were noted. This study can be used as the baseline data for future conservation management in the UBF.
Priming as a strategy to overcome detrimental pH effects on cells for intervertebral disc regeneration
Authors:   Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, Gansau J , Buckley CT
Published: February 2021

Disc disease is characterised by degeneration of the nucleus pulposus (NP), the central gelatinous tissue of the intervertebral disc (IVD). As degeneration progresses, the microenvironment of the IVD becomes more hostile (i.e. decrease in oxygen, glucose and pH), providing a significant challenge for regeneration using cell-based therapies. Tissue engineering strategies such as priming cells or micro tissues with growth factors prior to implantation may overcome some of these issues by providing a pre-formed protective niche composed of extracellular matrix. The present study investigated the effect of priming on bone-marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) and articular chondrocytes (ACs) using transforming growth factor β3 (TGF-β3), cultured at different pH levels (pH 7.1, 6.8 and 6.5) representative of the in vivo disc microenvironment. Low pH was found to have a detrimental effect on both cell viability and matrix accumulation, which could be mitigated by priming cells using TGF-β3. Investigating the activation of the transmembrane acid-sensing ion channels (ASIC-1 and -3) showed an increased expression of ASIC-1 in BMSCs and ASIC-3 in ACs at lower pH levels post-priming. Metabolic activity in terms of lactic acid production was also found to be affected significantly by priming, whereas oxygen and glucose consumptions did not change considerably. Overall, the study demonstrated that cells could be equipped to sustain the harsh environment of the IVD and promote accumulation of NP-like matrix through priming. Such an approach may open new avenues to engineer tissues capable of sustaining challenging microenvironments such as those found in the IVD.
“AMONG DEAD AND WOUNDED”: MAPPING, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANALYSIS OF FIRES WITH VICTIMS IN RECIFE’S METROPOLITAN ZONE
Authors: Menezes Roberto Ryanne Ferraz de , Corrêa Cristiano , Silva José Jéferson Rêgo e , Pires Tiago Ancelmo
Published: February 2021

This article presents the mapping and analysis of fires with dead and wounded people in the Metropolitan Region of Recife (MRR) served by the Firefighters Department from 2013 to 2016. There was an average rate of 1 death per million inhabitants, similar to countries such as Singapore and Vietnam. The weighted number of fires per wounded or dead person results in rates of 0.5 and 1.7 per 100 recorded fires, respectively. These numbers are concerning, especially when compared to rates from other regions in the world. The victims of fires in MRR were shown to generally not be a perceivable problem in terms of common sense, yet they are real and require accurate analysis and effective measures.
ASPECTOS MULTIMODAIS DE CARTAS LÉXICAS DE DOIS ATLAS LINGUÍSTICOS CEARENSES
Authors: Santos Hugo Leonardo Gomes dos , Pontes Antônio Luciano
Published: February 2021

O Atlas Linguístico do Brasil é um projeto complexo, contando com diversasequipes e núcleos por todo o território brasileiro. Ao longo de sua execução, as equipesregionais e estaduais contaram com vários voluntários, estudantes de graduação e depós-graduação interessados em contribuir com o projeto. Esse projeto rendeu, além dapublicação da primeira parte do Atlas Linguístico do Brasil, referente aos dados dascapitais brasileiras, algumas pesquisas sobre territórios que não estão na lista de pontosdo projeto nacional, bem como de aspectos linguísticos revelados a partir dos dados doAtlas. Assumindo que as cartas léxicas são textos lexicográficos (HAENSCH, 1997) e,portanto, multimodais (PONTES, 2009), neste trabalho, vamos analisar, a partir da Teoriada Multimodalidade, dez cartas léxicas produzidas em duas pesquisas de pós-graduação(MONTEIRO, 2011; SARAIVA, 2019). As cartas foram analisadas a partir das categoriasda função composicional da Gramática do Design Visual (KRESS; VAN LEEUWEN,2014): valor de informação, saliência e enquadramento. Os resultados encontrados dãoindícios de que existem tanto regularidades quanto divergências nas três categoriasanalisadas, tendo em vista que, embora de maneiras diferentes, os dois atlas apresentamuma organização dos elementos do texto em um eixo vertical de leitura, a utilização dacor como recurso de Saliência e o uso de espaços em branco para estabelecer blocosinformações no texto.
ATLAS LINGUÍSTICO DA PARAÍBA
Authors: Aragão Maria do Socorro Silva de
Published: February 2021

Considerando um levantamento de léxicos realizado em textos de jornais, emcrônicas, contos populares, literatura de cordel etc, esse trabalho analisa a língua faladapor pessoas de nível cultural mais elevado e a língua regional escrita, tendo resultado naconfecção do Atlas Linguístico da Paraíba (ALPB), publicado em dois volumes, em 1984.
Critical reading among brazilian and american studants of Portuguese
Authors: Dos Santos Valdenildo
Published: February 2021

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de pesquisa realizada com um grupo de alunos da Universidade de Oklahoma, Norman Campus, em um curso de verão de português (2017) em comparação com a mesma pesquisa feita com um grupo de estudantes no Brasil em Novembro de 2018 na cidade de Iturama, Minas Gerais. Para ambos os grupos foi apresentado o poema "Retrato" de Cecília Meireles antes e após uma série de atividades com o método passo a passo de leitura e escrita desenvolvido em um programa de pós-doutorado, com o objetivo de verificar a capacidade dos alunos de ler (interpretar) um poema com suas próprias estratégias e, em seguida, com um modelo de leitura. Após a experiência, foi demonstrado que o seu nível de compreensão aumentou após a introdução do método em ambos os grupos e os aspectos culturais da gramática da língua também foram importantes na compreensão do significado dentro do poema e na expressão escrita. Uma teoria que dá conta do sentido de maneira objetiva e crítica, neste aspecto, parece imprescindível.