bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CLINICO-ETIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF HYPONATREMIA IN HOSPITALISED ADULT PATIENTS - A CROSS- SECTIONAL, OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors: Yousuf Sk Mohammad , Chattopadhyay Tanmoy
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Hyponatremia is dened as a serum sodium level less than 135meq/L. An abnormal sodium level does not necessarily imply
abnormal sodium balance, but can be due to abnormal water balance as well. Serum sodium levels and serum osmolality are normally maintained
under precise control by homeostatic mechanisms involving thirst, anti-diuretic hormone and the renal handling of ltered sodium. Hyponatremia
occurs in a broad spectrum of patients who are asymptomatic to critically ill patients. The clinical presentation has a wide spectrum, varying from
asymptomatic patients to ones having seizures and coma.
Aim: To nd out co-relation between grade of hyponatremia with hospital stay, mortality rate and to study whether the primary disease is a cause
for hyponatremia and whether other features cause hyponatremia also.
Materials And Methods: A 1 year cross-sectional observational study was conducted, including 100 adult patients admitted in Vivekananda
Institute of Medical Sciences, Kolkata with hyponatremia (serum sodium <135 mEq/L) in General Medicine ward and in Orthopedics ward (with
fragility fracture).
Results: There was a wide range of etiologies, most common being SIADH (47%), renal disorder (13%), diuretic use (13%), congestive heart
failure (8%), and liver disorder (4%). 16% patients had multiple causes. In 5% patients no cause could be found after extensive investigations.
Mean duration of hospital stay was 7.04 days, which was signicantly higher in patients with severe hyponatremia. Incidence of fragility fracture in
our study was 16%.
Conclusion: SIADH was the single most important etiology of hyponatremia. Use of diuretics and chronic kidney disease were also signicant
cause of hyponatremia in this study. Other major causes of hyponatremia were CHF, acute gastroenteritis and chronic liver disease. A relatively
large number of patients had endocrine abnormalities (thyroid, adrenal and pituitary).Hyponatremia was found to be related to multiple etiological
factors in a signicant number of patients. Neurological symptoms are common in hyponatremia patients. Symptoms of hyponatremia increased
with severity of hyponatremia.
ISOLATED EPILEPTIC VERTIGO AN UNDER RECOGNIZED FORM OF EPILEPSY
Authors: Prasad Pratibha
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND Epileptic vertigo (EV) is an uncommon but treatable form of epilepsy with vestibular symptoms as either the sole or
predominant manifestation due to epileptiform discharges originating in vestibular cortex. OBJECTIVE To review the clinical characteristics
and to establish the contribution of EEG in epileptic vertigo . A prospective SETTINGS AND DESIGN: observational study of fteen epileptic
vertigo patients (7 females and 8 males) selected from outpatient clinic of neurology department at Dr S N medical college from the september ,
2015 to august , 2018. METHODS AND MATERIAL: Their ages ranged from 15 to 40 years with mean age of onset 28 yrs. All patients , were
subjected to neurological examination , interictal electroencephalogram (EEG), audiovestibular tests , cardiac test , carotid Doppler; brain stem
evoked potential and brain MRI . STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:All data were expressed as mean or patient's number (n) and percentage (%)
as appropriate . Fifteen epileptic vertigo patients (7 females and 8 male RESULTS: s) were included. Mean age of onset was 28yrs . symptoms of
Dizziness[n=4(26.6%)], true vertigo [n= 9(60%)], vertigo with nausea [n=2 (13.33%)]. EEG was abnormal in all patients . Most common site
involved is temporal lobe [n= 15 (100%)] and there was a right hemisphere predominanace [n= 8 (53.33%) ] in our study. MRI brain was normal
in all (100%). All patients responded well with anti epileptic drugs. Vertigo c CONCLUSIONS: an be a form of focal epilepsy. EEG has an
important role in diagnosing epileptic vertigo.
DEFORESTATION AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE NIGER DELTA: EXAMINING THE ROLE OF ENERGY POVERTY
Authors: FELIX ALLISON TIMIPERE , AKINTOLA OLANSHILE
Published: March 2022

Mainstream analyses of causal factors of climate change in the Niger Delta are dominated by arguments on oil industry-related climate-unfriendly causes (oil spills from facility failure and gas flaring), and community actions (facility sabotage, oil theft, illegal refining, and timber logging). While these arguments are valid, they overlook the place of energy poverty and how it contributes to climate change. Households in the region’s mostly rural and riverine areas with no access to energy for their basic daily energy needs continue to rely on the rainforests and mangrove forests for their energy supplies. The continuous exploitation of trees and undergrowth for energy results in gradual and steady depletion of the forests and change in climatic conditions. Depleting forest areas means less forest cover and easy discharge of dangerous gases into the atmosphere. With efforts ongoing to tackle climate change in the Niger Delta, this paper seeks to spotlight the energy challenge by asking key questions: How successful can these efforts be if the prevalent energy poverty in the region is not addressed? Is deforestation for energy purposes receiving as much attention as other climate change concerns in the region?
WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT AND FERTILITY BEHAVIOUR IN OGBIA LGA OF BAYELSA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: UZOBO ENDURANCE , ODAMAN ODION M.
Published: March 2022

This study investigated the effects of women empowerment on fertility behaviour using Ogbia LGA, in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The study sought to find out how different women empowerment indicators can affect different fertility behaviour. The Quality-Quantity theory and Feminist patriarchal theory served as the theoretical framework for the study. The sample selected for the study was made up of 394 women of child bearing age. Data collected for the study were analysed, using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings from the study revealed that women who are empowered are more likely to have positive fertility behaviour. Based on the findings, recommendations such as the need for the women to become more empowered by encouraging them to participate more in public spheres of life and to attain better education, etc. were made.
Towards a systematic approach to manual annotation of code smells
Authors: Luburić Nikola , Prokić Simona , Grujić Katarina-Glorija , Slivka Jelena , Kovačević Aleksandar , Sladić Goran , Vidaković Dragan
Published: March 2022

Code smells are structures in code that indicate the presence of maintainability issues. A significant problem with code smells is their ambiguity. They are challenging to define, and software engineers have a different understanding of what a code smell is and which code suffers from code smells.

A solution to this problem could be an AI digital assistant that understands code smells and can detect (and perhaps resolve) them. However, it is challenging to develop such an assistant as there are few usable datasets of code smells on which to train and evaluate it. Furthermore, the existing datasets suffer from issues that mostly arise from an unsystematic approach used for their construction.

Through this work, we address this issue by developing a procedure for the systematic manual annotation of code smells. We use this procedure to build a dataset of code smells. During this process, we refine the procedure and identify recommendations and pitfalls for its use. The primary contribution is the proposed annotation model and procedure and the annotators’ experience report. The dataset and supporting tool are secondary contributions of our study. Notably, our dataset includes open-source projects written in the C# programming language, while almost all manually annotated datasets contain projects written in Java.
Practices and Infrastructures for ML Systems – An Interview Study in Finnish Organizations
Authors: Muiruri Dennis , Lwakatare Lucy Ellen , K. Nurminen Jukka , Mikkonen Tommi
Published: March 2022

The best practices and infrastructures for developing and maintaining machine
learning (ML) enabled software systems are often reported by large and experienced data-driven
organizations. However, little is known about the state of practice across other organizations.
Using interviews, we investigated practices and tool-chains for ML-enabled systems from 16 organizations in various domains. Our study makes three broad observations related to data
management practices, monitoring practices and automation practices in ML model training, and
serving workflows. These have limited number of generic practices and tools applicable across
organizations in different domains.
Covariance Recovery for One-Bit Sampled Data With Time-Varying Sampling Thresholds— Part II: Non-Stationary Signals
Authors: Eamaz Arian , Yeganegi Farhang , Soltanalian Mojtaba
Published: March 2022

The recovery of the input signal covariance values from its one-bit sampled counterpart has been
deemed a challenging task in the literature. To deal with its difficulties, some assumptions are typically
made to find a relation between the input covariance matrix and the autocorrelation values of the one-bit
sampled data. This includes the arcsine law and the modified arcsine law that were discussed in Part I
of this work [2]. We showed that by facilitating the deployment of time-varying thresholds, the modified
arcsine law has a promising performance in covariance recovery. However, the modified arcsine law
also assumes input signals are stationary, which is typically a simplifying assumption for real-world
applications. In fact, in many signal processing applications, the input signals are readily known to be
non-stationary with a non-Toeplitz covariance matrix. In this paper, we propose an approach to extending
the arcsine law to the case where one-bit ADCs apply time-varying thresholds while dealing with input
signals that originate from a non-stationary process. In particular, the recovery methods are shown to
accurately recover the time-varying variance and autocorrelation values. Furthermore, we extend the
formulation of the Bussgang law to the case where non-stationary input signals are considered.
A Computing System for Measuring the Relationship of Smell and Pain
Authors: Cheok Adrian David , Karunanayaka Kasun , Anderson Lars Louis
Published: March 2022

A Computing System for Measuring the Relationship of Smell and Pain
An Architecture for Experiments in Connected and Automated Vehicles
Authors: Kloock Maximilian , Scheffe Patrick , Greß Ole , Alrifaee Bassam
Published: March 2022

Rapid prototyping of Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAV) is challenging because of the physical distribution of vehicles. Furthermore, experiments with CAV may be subject to external influences which prevent reproducibility. This article presents an architecture for the experimental testing of CAVs with a focus on decision-making. Our architecture for experiments of CAV is strictly modular and hierarchical, and therefore it supports an easy and rapid exchange of every single controller as well as of optimization libraries. Additionally, the architecture synchronizes the whole network of sensors, computation devices, and actuators. Thus, it achieves deterministic and reproducible results, even for time-variant network topologies. Using this architecture, we are able to include active and passive vehicles and vehicles with heterogeneous dynamics in the experiments. The architecture also allows for handling communication uncertainties, e.g., data packet drop and time delay. The resulting architecture supports performing different in-the-loop tests and experiments. We demonstrate the architecture in the Cyber-Physical Mobility Lab (CPM Lab) using 20 vehicles in 1:18 scale. The architecture can be applied to other domains.
Graph Signal Processing Based Cross-Subject Mental Task Classification Using Multi-Channel EEG Signals
Authors: mathur priyanka , Chakka Vijay Kumar
Published: March 2022

Classification of mental tasks from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals play a crucial role in designing various brain-computer interface (BCI) applications. Most of the current techniques consider each channel as independent, neglecting the functional connectivity of the brain during mental activity and are primarily subject specific. This paper proposes a graph signal representation to classify a pair of mental tasks using multichannel EEG signals (MTMC-EEG) with cross subject classification within the database. Here, each channel of EEG signal corresponds to nodes of the task based graph whose EEG time series resides on the respective nodes. Functional connectivity of the brain between these nodes is obtained using smoothness constraint based Graph Signal Processing (GSP) technique. Graph spectral features namely, two-norm total variation of eigen vector (TNTV) corresponding to weighted adjacency matrix, graph Laplacian energy (GLE) using eigenvalues of Laplacian matrix and convex sum of TNTV and GLE in the form of joint total variation energy (JTVE) are proposed in this paper. The performance of the proposed methodology is evaluated on publicly available two different databases of MTMC EEG signals using benchmark classifiers and compared with the state of the art. Further, the superiority of the proposed metric obtained from the smoothened graph of GSP technique is validated by comparing it with Pearson correlation and Gaussian radial basis function (RBF) based functional connectivity in terms of accuracy, F-Score, and information transfer rate (ITR). The robustness of the proposed method is validated by adding white Gaussian noise (AWGN) to the EEG signals using different SNRs.
Towards Emotion-Aware Agents for Negotiation Dialogues
Authors: Chawla Kushal , Clever Rene , Ramirez Jaysa , Lucas Gale M. , Gratch Jonathan
Published: March 2022

Negotiation is a complex social interaction that encapsulates emotional encounters in human decision-making. Virtual agents that can negotiate with humans are useful in pedagogy and conversational AI. To advance the development of such agents, we explore the prediction of two important subjective goals in a negotiation - outcome satisfaction and partner perception. Specifically, we analyze the extent to which emotion attributes extracted from the negotiation help in the prediction, above and beyond the individual difference variables. We focus on a recent dataset in chat-based negotiations, grounded in a realistic camping scenario. We draw extensive qualitative and quantitative comparisons between three types of emotion variables - emoticons, as well as lexical and contextual}variables, by leveraging affective lexicons and a state-of-the-art deep learning architecture. To further validate the findings, we analyze the prediction of these subjective negotiation goals after controlling for the objective performance of the participants. We also study the temporal effects, understanding the contribution of emotion expressed in the initial and latter parts of the conversation. Finally, we discuss our insights, which will be helpful for designing adaptive negotiation agents that interact through realistic communication interfaces.
Room-Temperature Mid-Wave Infrared Guided-Mode Resonance Detectors
Authors: Kamboj Abhilasha , Nordin Leland , Woolf David , Wasserman Daniel
Published: March 2022

In this work, we report guided-mode resonance enhanced room-temperature mid-wave infrared photodetectors with significant spectral-selective enhancement in responsivity and detectivity, all in the absorber thickness of only 250 nm.
A Derivation of Stored Electromagnetic Field Energies in an Arbitrary Medium
Authors: Geyi Wen
Published: March 2022

The
stored energies of time-harmonic field in a medium are traditionally analyzed
by using narrow-band (NB) approximation. The analysis, however, suffers from
two problems. Firstly, it involves a specific constitutive relation and is thus
only applicable to a specified medium. Secondly, it is incompatible with the
time-harmonic field theory for the stored energy expressions derived from it
include time-dependent complex envelops rather than phasors. This article aims
to solve the problems with the traditional NB analysis. The expressions of the
stored energies in an arbitrary medium have been derived by introducing a new
NB technique, which is based on the understanding that a pure sinusoidal field
may be viewed as the limit of a NB field as its bandwidth shrinks to zero. To
facilitate the derivation, an explicit form of the complex envelope is first
deduced by expanding the Fourier frequency spectrum of the NB field around the
mid-band frequency. The inflow power from the external source can be divided
into the sum of the rate of dissipated energy and the rate of increase of
stored energy. After introducing the time-domain fields derived from the new NB
approach, the rates of dissipated energies and the stored energies can be
determined.
Energy Scheduling in IoE-Enabled Smart Grids Using Probabilistic Delayed Double Deep Q-Learning (P3DQL) Algorithm
Authors: Mohammadi Rouzbahani Hossein , karimipour Hadis , lei lei
Published: March 2022

Decentralization and high penetration of smart
devices in IoE-enabled smart grids face the power system with complex
scheduling problems. Engaging with big data produced by the interconnected
infrastructures, besides the high dimensional and uncertain environment, make
traditional methods incapable of addressing these problems since exact modeling
of the environment under uncertainties is impracticable. Also, learning-based
methods suffer from excessive complexity and the curse of dimensionality. This
research proposes a Probabilistic Delayed Double Deep Q-Learning (P3DQL) which
is a combination of the tuned version of Double Deep Q-Learning (DDQL) and
Delayed Q-Learning (DQL). The planned algorithm makes a trade-off between
overestimation and underestimation biases guaranteeing efficiency regarding
sample complexity and learning proficiency by applying a delay in updating the
rule. Finally, the proposed algorithm is tested on real-world data from Pecan
Street Inc., assessing the performance of the P3DQL regarding peak clipping,
decreasing Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR), and cost reduction. The results
indicate the superiority of the developed algorithm over other utilized methods
by 28.2% peak clipping, 12.9% PAPR decrease, and 29.4% cost reduction.
Passivation of Grid-Following VSCs: A Comparison Between Active Damping and Multi-sampled PWM
Authors: Petric Ivan , Mattavelli Paolo , Buso Simone
Published: March 2022

This paper compares different strategies used to enhance stability properties of grid-following voltage-source converters (VSCs). The focus is on high-frequency properties and performance is examined even above the Nyquist frequency. Due to digital delays, VSC admittance exhibits a non-passive zone above a certain frequency, which introduces negative damping and may destabilize the grid-connected operation. It is shown that typically used active damping (AD) strategies only bring positive impact up to a certain frequency, while deteriorating admittance properties in the high-frequency range. Multi-sampled pulsewidth modulation (MS-PWM) greatly extends the passive admittance region, using a single-stage current-control loop. Experimental admittance measurements are performed on a single-phase VSC, up to twice the switching frequency. Subsequently, different grid-connected scenarios are tested to show that MS-PWM retains stable operation where AD methods cause instability. In the end, noise propagation is measured and results confirm that, while AD does not bring high sensitivity, MS-PWM offers additional noise suppression. The results of this paper clearly show that MS-PWM is a better candidate for guaranteeing stability of grid-connected VSCs.
The EB-MB Transition at Tell Afis: a Reappraisal
Authors: Felli Candida
Published: March 2022

The passage from the 3rd to the 2nd millennium BC in Inner Syria is still a matter for debate both in historical and archaeological studies. This is only partially due to lack of evidence: it is much the way one interprets the extant evidence that affects the discourse, emphasizing a break or a transition, and viewing this time as a period of crisis or not. In this article relevant archaeological evidence from the site of Tell Afis is revised and some new data, including 14C dates, are offered in order to resume discussion on the question. Focus will be specifically on pottery: by recovering various strands of development in the local pottery repertoires from the Early Bronze to the Middle Bronze, the article aims to contribute to the reconstruction of this archaeological phase at a regional level as well.
Along and Across the Nahr el-Quweiq: EB I-IVA Ceramic Horizons and Interregional Connections
Authors: Vacca Agnese
Published: March 2022

The Quweiq and Matkh plains, in north inland Syria, were densely settled areas during the Early Bronze Age, crossed by the River Quweiq, flowing north-south from the plateau of Gaziantep to disappear into the Matkh paleolake. The northern sector of the Nahr el-Quweiq was surveyed in 1970s, providing information on the 3rd millennium BC occupation of the Aleppo’s hinterland. However, to date, only little evidence is available from archaeological excavations carried out in the area, hampering to crosscheck the ceramic periodisation derived from the Nahr el-Quweiq survey, which has therefore been used, or referred to, for general comparisons only. The article aims at revising the chronology and connections of the Aleppo region during the EB I-IVA period in the light of recent excavations and surveys carried out in neighbouring areas (the Ebla region, the Middle Euphrates, the Sajur and Jabbul plains), ultimately exploring the role of the Aleppo region as a ‘bridge area’, which provided access to important commercial routes towards the Euphrates Valley, the ‘Amuq plain and the area of Gaziantep. The north-south axis – linking the Ebla region with Aleppo – had to be particularly important during EB IVA, when ḫalab appears to belong to the Ebla kingdom and was the seat of the cult of the Storm God as we learn from cuneiform texts from Palace G archives.
Bálint Tibor kabalája : Szempontok a Zokogó majom értelmezéséhez
Authors: Demeter Zsuzsa
Published: March 2022

1969 köztudottan az az év, amikor a romániai magyar irodalom végre nagykorúvá válik, és megszületik a várva várt regény. Erre a következtetésre a három alapvető (az olvasók és a kritikusok által egyaránt nagyra értékelt) regény köré összpontosuló kritikák és viták alapján juthatunk: Bálint Tibor Zokogó majom, Szilágyi István Üllő, dobszó, harang és Sütő András Anyám könnyű álmot ígér című regénye. Ennek ellenére a Zokogó majom megjelenése nem volt előzmények nélküli. Hogy ezt lássuk, elég csak két irodalmi folyóirat, az Utunk és az Igaz Szó számait felkeresni, Bálint 1955-ös debütálásától kezdve. Vázlatok, interjúk, glosszák, portrék, vallomások, esszék bújnak elő a Zokogó majom megírására való felkészülés évei mögül. Ezek vizsgálatán keresztül nemcsak a regény egyes, már említett trópusait, hanem Bálint Tibor prózájára vonatkozó fontos védjegyeket is meghatározhatunk.
„…hogy is neveződik?” : A nyelvi hiány és a nyelvi bizonytalanság jelzésének módjai és formái a mezőségi kétnyelvű beszélők megnyilatkozásaiban
Authors: Benő Attila , Sófalvi Krisztina
Published: March 2022

A tanulmány mezőségi kétnyelvű beszélőkkel készített interjúk alapján elemzi a nyelvi hiány, nyelvi bizonytalanság megjelenési formáit. A szerzők a nyelvi hiányra utaló diskurzusjelenségek tipologizálását ismertetik, utalva arra, hogy a beszélők sokszor maguk jelzik metanyelvi észrevételekkel a nyelvi probléma jelenlétét. A tanulmány a vizsgált jelenségek kontextusában eddig kevésbé elemzett beszélési stratégiákat és pragmatikai jelenségeket is leír (legitimizálás, segítségkérés, kódváltási formák, a deiktikus centrum megnyilvánulása). A nyelvi hiány jelzési módjainak tipologizálása, az ehhez kapcsolódó beszédstratégiák érvényesülése más kétnyelvűségi vizsgálatokban is hasznosítható.
Funkció és jelentés Aranyos vidékének térszínformaneveiben
Authors: Tamásné Szabó Csilla
Published: March 2022

A tanulmány Aranyos vidéke (ma Románia) huszonhét falujának térszínforma neveit mutatja be, és elemzi funkcionális-szemantikai szempontból. A szerző hatvanöt térszínforma nevet azonosít a vizsgált adatanyagban. Ezeknek sokasága jelzi a vidék domborzatának változatosságát.
معدلات النمو السكانيّ وأثره في الاراضي الصالحة للزراعة في محافظة ذي قار
Authors: ذاكر توفيق أ‌.م. د. شهلة
Published: March 2022

إنَّ دراسة الخصائص الديموغرافية لأي مجتمع من حيث معدلات نمو وتركيب السكان من الخصائص المهمة للتعرف على الملامح السكانية لذلك المجتمع وتمثل دراسة الخصائص الديموغرافية لمحافظة ذي قار من خلال التعرف على معدلات النمو السكاني والمتغيرات التي تؤثر عليه، فضلاً عن دراسة توزيع السكان ودراسة تركيب السكان العمري والنوعي والاقتصادي، كما تعتبر الخصائص الزراعية جزء مكمل ومهم لدراسة الخصائص الديموغرافية ، اذ لا يمكن قيام زراعة ما لم يكن هناك سكان يهتمون في الزراعة او مستهلكين لها، اذن صفة الارتباط قوية ما بين السكان والزراعة وما بين الاثر والمؤثر.
Association of Acquired Resistance EGFR Exon 20 T790M Mutation and Treatment Response in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients Receiving EGFR-TKI
Authors: Praditya Muhammad Harbi , Soeroso Noni Novisari , Tarigan Setia Putra , Ashar Taufik
Published: March 2022

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma patients receiving EGFR-TKI may develop acquired resistance within 7-16 months of treatment initiation, which is characterized by the presence of exon 20 T790M mutations in treatment response patients and can be assessed objectively by CECT and then evaluated by RECIST 1.1. The purpose of this study is to look into the association between acquired resistance EGFR Exon 20 T790M mutation and treatment response in lung adenocarcinoma patients receiving EGFR-TKI.
Method: This research is an analytic study with a retrospective cohort design carried out at the Oncology Polyclinic at Haji Adam Malik Hospital from October 2020 to January 2021 in all patients with adenocarcinoma lung cancer who were treated with EGFR-TKI for more than 6 months. After that, an evaluation was carried out based on RECIST 1.1 and then examined for EGFR mutations from liquid biopsy specimens in the form of circulating tumor plasma DNA (ct-DNA) with the droplet digital Polymerase Chain Reaction (ddPCR) method to detect EGFR exon 20 T790M mutations as a marker of acquired resistance.
Results: It was found that the majority of subjects were female (64.5%), aged 20-69 years (58%), and non-smokers (67.7%). The most common EGFR mutation was exon 19 deletion (58.1%). The incidence of acquired resistance was found in 10 subjects (32.3%). The distribution of RECIST 1.1 results on positive acquired resistance includes progressive diseases of 35.2%; stable disease of 11.1%; partial response of 33.4%; and 100% complete response. Negative acquired resistance includes 64.8% progressive disease, 88.9% stable disease, 66.6% partial response, and 0% complete response (P=0.93).
Conclusion: There is no significant association between the incidence of acquired resistance mutations EGFR exon 20 T790M and treatment response in patients with lung adenocarcinoma who received EGFR-TKI therapy.
Nature’s Rights
Authors: Ochoa Christiana
Published: March 2022

Do forests and rivers possess standing to sue? Do mountain ranges have substantive rights? A recent issue of The Judges’ Journal, a preeminent publication for American judges, alerts the bench, bar, and policymakers to the rapidly emerging “rights of nature,” predicting that state and federal courts will increasingly see claims asserting such rights. Within the United States, Tribal law has begun to legally recognize the rights of rivers, mountains, and other natural features. Several municipalities across the United States have also acted to recognize the rights of nature. United States courts have not yet addressed the issue, though in 2017, a plaintiff brought a suit claiming rights for the Colorado River ecosystem, although the case was dismissed. Meanwhile, several countries outside the United States have extended standing and substantive rights to nature, and that number is growing quickly. This international trend matters because U.S. Supreme Court Justices, including Sonia Sotomayor and Stephen Breyer, have argued that American courts should note and address cutting-edge legal developments in foreign jurisdictions.

This Article provides the key foundational and theoretical basis for recognizing the rights of nature. It explores the intellectual and precedential basis for accepting nature’s rights, surveying developments in the natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities, and providing a survey of select legal systems that currently recognize such rights. It traces the geographic, theoretical, and practical development of the idea of nature’s rights, illustrating that human thought regarding the intrinsic value and rights of nature has evolved significantly since our common law on the issue was established. This Article thus provides the intellectual, moral, and philosophical foundation for students, clerks, judges, and lawmakers facing questions about extending rights to nature.
Protecting Climate Change Law from a Revived Nondelegation Doctrine
Authors: Rockett Andrew
Published: March 2022

In an era of political gridlock, a potential revitalization of the nondelegation doctrine threatens the Environmental Protection Agency’s existing framework for regulating greenhouse gas emissions and addressing the urgent threat of climate change. At its apex, the nondelegation doctrine briefly constrained permissible delegations from the legislature to the executive branch after two Supreme Court decisions in 1935. The doctrine has since weakened under the lenient “intelligible principle” standard. That standard today allows the legislative branch to make broad delegations to administrative arms of the executive branch, which then use technological and bureaucratic expertise to clarify, implement, and enforce statutes. The result is today’s administrative state—the federal government’s answer to the demanding complexities of modern society, the expansive duties of the federal government, and intense political gridlock in the legislature. However, with multiple Supreme Court Justices indicating support for reviving a stricter form of the nondelegation doctrine, many key, broad agency delegations are under threat, including the Clean Air Act’s delegation to the Environmental Protection Agency requiring regulation of greenhouse gas emissions. The urgency of the fight against climate change, combined with the political difficulty in passing new legislation, necessitates careful consideration of what revived nondelegation doctrine may require of legislative tasks assigned to the executive. In this note, I analyze the potential threat and its solutions and conclude that a revived nondelegation doctrine poses a substantial threat to the Clean Air Act’s delegation to the EPA. For this reason, intricate constitutional arguments and carefully crafted legislation may both be necessary to preserve the EPA’s ability to regulate greenhouse gas emissions.
Symbols, Systems, and Software as Intellectual Property: Time for CONTU, Part II?
Authors: Armstrong Timothy
Published: March 2022

The functional nature of computer software underlies two propositions that were, until recently, fairly well settled in intellectual property law: first, that software, like other utilitarian articles, may qualify for patent protection; and second, that the scope of copyright protection for software is comparatively limited. Both propositions have become considerably shakier as a result of recent court decisions. Following Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank Int’l, 134 S. Ct. 2347 (2014), the lower courts have invalidated many software patents as unprotectable subject matter. Meanwhile, Oracle America v. Google Inc., 750 F.3d 1339 (Fed. Cir. 2014) extended far more expansive copyright protection to functional software components than precedent suggested. The result of these developments has been a new period of uncertainty regarding the existence and scope of intellectual property protection for computer software.

The root of the problem lies in Congress’s relative inattention to the question of what legal regime (if any) should govern the creation of computer software. Congress extended copyright protection to software largely without grappling with the consequences of applying a body of law designed to promote creative expression to functional, useful code. Meanwhile, Congress has spoken only obliquely to the question whether software warrants patent protection. The turmoil in the courts reflects a general lack of legislative guidance. This Article asks whether the time is ripe for remedial legislation and suggests some questions that ought to guide congressional inquiry.
CUSTOMER SATISFACTION LEVEL BETWEEN SHOPPING AT ONLINE SHOP AND OFFLINE SHOP AT THE CAMPUS OF THE DARUSSALAM INSTITUTE OF ISLAM (IAID) CIAMIS
Authors: Qolbi Tazkiyah Ainul , Febriani Rini , Muslim Agus
Published: March 2022

This research was conducted to determine consumer satisfaction in shopping at online shops and offline shops. This study uses a quantitative approach because the data obtained is realized in the form of numbers and analyzed based on statistics. The results showed a difference in shopping satisfaction between the online shop and the offline shop. It is evidenced by obtaining significant results so that it can be concluded that the null hypothesis is rejected and the working hypothesis is accepted. The average student who does not like to shop at online shops is because they are not satisfied when shopping at online shops and get products that do not match what is stated in the description of the goods in the selected online shop. Usually, this happens in individual online shops on social media (not on trusted sites) and product brands that are not yet well known. However, the study results found several respondents who had shopped at a credible online shop and felt satisfied because it was as expected. As for the offline shop, the average student feels more satisfied because consumers can see firsthand the quality of the product and try the product to be purchased.
MARKETING STRATEGY OF “QURO HEXAGONAL DRINKING WATER” PRODUCTS IN KOPERASI PESANTREN AL-QUR’AN, CIJANTUNG-CIAMIS
Authors: Sumarni Sumarni , Hidayat Deni Yusuf , Dipraja Muhamad Purnama
Published: March 2022

Water is an essential need for living things, especially water for consumption. In Indonesia, the demand for clean water is constantly increasing, thus providing an opportunity to open a business in the field of Bottled Drinking Water (AMDK). Pondok Pesantren Al-Qur’an Cijantung Ciamis has a drinking water company business unit “Quro Hexagonal” long been marketed in various regions. This study aims to determine the marketing strategy, product, price, distribution, place and promotion used in the Quro Hexagonal water company. This study uses a qualitative field method. Test the validity of the data using triangulation. The results showed that to meet consumer demand, company management uses four marketing strategies, namely product, price, distribution, and promotion. This Quro Hexagonal water product uses a Life Energy engine, a mineral water system, from this process it will produce quality water. The prices that the company offers are high prices because of the excellent water quality. Distribution, Quro Hexagonal water company in running its business to market its products has reached the cities of Banjar, Pangandaran, Tasikmalaya, Kuningan, Majalengka, Cirebon, and surrounding areas. Promotion, the Quro Hexagonal water company conducts sales promotions by utilizing the distribution of the alumni of the Cijantung Al-Qur’an Islamic Boarding School to become agents or consumers of Quro Hexagonal water.
Keefektifan Teknik Modeling Untuk Mengembangkan Kesadaran Karier Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Multisari Widya , Hafina Anne , Budiamin Amin
Published: March 2022

Kesadaran karier merupakan tahapan perkembangan karier masa anak-anak yang berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan kariernya dimasa mendatang. Penelitian dilaksanakan berdasarkan fenomena kurangnya kesadaran karier siswa SD. Penelitian bertujuan menguji keefektivan teknik modeling untuk mengembangkan kesadaran karier siswa SD. Metode penelitian yakni kuasi eksperimen dengan desain penelitian  nonequivalent pre test and post test control group design. Partisipan penelitian adalah siswa kelas V SD Muhammadiyah Ponorogo. Pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen tingkat kesadaran karier. Pengujian efektivitas teknik modeling untuk mengembangkan kesadaran karier siswa dengan menggunakan rumus uji-t. Berdasarkan hasil ujicoba dan analisis uji data sebelum dan setelah pelaksanaan layanan terbukti bahwa teknik modeling secara empiris dapat mengembangkan kesadaran karier siswa. Keefektifan teknik modeling diketahui dengan adanya peningkatan rata-rata skor yang lebih tinggi pada kelompok eksperimen pada saat pretes dan postes. Sehingga terdapat perkembangan yang positif terhadap tingkat kesadaran karier siswa.  Kefektifan teknik modeling dapat meningkatkan kesadaran karier pada tiga aspek yakni pemahaan diri, pendidikan dan eksplorasi pekerjaan dan perencanaan karier yang telah dijelaskan perubahannya pada setiap indikator.
Pengembangan Media Monopoli Untuk Meningkatkan Sikap Percaya Diri
Authors: Kristaufanani Naufal , Rosada Ulfa Danni
Published: March 2022

Siswa harus bisa menjalin komunikasi serta bersosialisasi dengan baik dilingkungannya, karena melalui sosialisasi, siswa dapat dengan mudah menjalin hubungan agar bisa percaya diri. Percaya diri merupakan semangat pada diri sendiri dari semua kemampuan yang ada pada dirinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan dan mengembangkan serta menguji kalayakan media monopoli tentang percaya diri untuk mendukung layanan bimbingan dan konseling. Penelitian Research and development ini menggunakan metode pengembangan yang dikemukakan oleh Borg & Galls yaitu: 1) Potensi masalah, 2) Pengumpulan data, 3) Desain produk, 4) Validasi Desain, 5) Revisi desain. Pada produk ini melakukan 3 uji validasi oleh para ahli yaitu uji validasi ahli materi, validasi ahli media dan validasi ahli layanan BK. Berdasarkan hasil penilaian ahli materi pengembangan media monopoli tentang percaya diri memperoleh nilai 77 kategori “Sangat Baik”, hasil penilaian ahli media memperoleh nilai 92 kategori “Sangat Baik”, dan hasil penilaian ahli layanan BK memperoleh nilai 100 kategori “Sangat Baik”. Berdasarkan hasil dari ketiga validasi tersebut maka media monopoli tentang percaya diri layak untuk digunakan oleh siswa SMP Negeri 2 Bawang dengan jumlah skor rata-rata memperoleh nilai 90 kategori “Sangat Baik”.
Paradigma Konsep Pembiayaan Pendidikan di Madrasah
Authors: Fahmi Fauzi , Limbong Masdar , Firmansyah Firmansyah , Mukhtar Mukhtar , Fausi Ach Fikri
Published: March 2022

Pada dunia pendidikan memiliki hal yang sangat penting berkenaan dengan pembiayaan guna berjalan dengan efektif proses pembelajaran maka dibutuhkannya manajemen yang baik dalam mengelolah pembiayaan. Pendidikan akan berjalan dengan baik jika mampu memenuhi 8 Standar Nasioanl Pendidikan yang meliputi standar kompetensi lulusan, standar isi, standar sarana dan prasaran, standar proses, standar pengolahan, standar pendidik dan kependidikan, standar penilaian dan standar pembiayaan. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian yang dilakukan guna mendeskripsikan konsep pembiayaan pendidikan di madrasah secara kontinu dan menyeluruh. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan (library research) yang mengandalkan sumber bibliografi dari buku dan artikel di jurnal ilmiah yang berkaitan dengan pokok permasalahan. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan a) konsep manajemen pembiayaan pendidikan di madrasah meliputi (1) objek biaya, (2) informasi manajemen pendidikan, (3) pembiayaan, (4) keuangan, (5) anggaran, (6) biaya, dan (7) pemicu biaya; b) ruang lingkup dalam manajemen pembiayaan pendidikan di madrasah meliputi perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi.
Błąd Epimeteusza? Teatr w sieci technik i technologii
Authors: Duda Artur
Published: March 2022

Artykuł stanowi prezentację najnowszej książki Williama B. Worthena Shakespeare, Theatre, Technicity (Cambridge, 2020), która jest próbą refleksji nad teatrem inscenizującym Shakespeare’a w epoce dominacji mediów cyfrowych. Praca znanego szekspirologa stanowi ważny głos w dyskusji nad teatrem jako hipermedium, czyli medium sięgającym po inne media, aby ustanowić swoją historyczną wersję w danej epoce. Koncepcja Worthena znajduje zakotwiczenie nie tylko w teoriach medioznawców, lecz nade wszystko w filozofii Bernarda Stieglera, który ujmuje człowieka jako istotę techniczną posługującą się materialno-technicznymi protezami (prostheses), aby przekroczyć własne bycie ku śmierci i móc istnieć poza uwarunkowaniami czysto biologicznymi. Jednym z istotnych argumentów Worthena za tym, aby uznać teatr za hipermedium, jest obszerna analiza praktyk, mitów i dylematów związanych z rekonstrukcją tradycyjnego teatru elżbietańskiego, które definiuje jako praktyki remediacyjne.
Group Invariant Solutions and Local Conservation Laws of Heat Conduction Equation Arising Laser Heating Carbon Nanotubes Using Lie Group Analysis
Authors: YAŞAR Emrullah , YILDIRIM Yakup
Published: March 2022

In this study, based on the continuous transformations of Lie groups, the exact analytic solutions of the laser heating carbon nanotubes formulated by using the classical heat conduction equation with various physical properties were constructed. These solutions are the type of group invariant solutions. The constructed solutions have expanded and enriched the solution forms of this new model existing in the literature. With the help of the Maple package program, 3D, density, and contour graphs were drawn for the special values of the parameters in the solutions, and the physical structures of the solutions obtained in this way were also observed. The solutions obtained can be used in the explanation of physical phenomena occurring in cancer investigations.
Do Carryover Effects Influence Attentional Bias to Threat in the Dot-Probe Task?
Authors: Maxwell Joshua , Fang Lin , Carlson Joshua
Published: March 2022

Threatening stimuli are often thought to have sufficient potency to bias attention, relative to neutral
stimuli. Researchers and clinicians opt for frequently used paradigms to measure such bias, such as
the dot-probe task. Bias to threat in the dot-probe task is indicated by a congruency effect i.e., faster
responses on congruent trials than incongruent trials (also referred to as attention capture). However,
recent studies have found that such congruency effects are small and suffer from poor internal reliability.
One explanation to low effect sizes and poor reliability is carryover effects of threat – greater congruency
effects on trials following a congruent trial relative to trials following an incongruent trial. In the current
study, we investigated carryover effects of threat with two large samples of healthy undergraduate students
who completed a typical dot-probe task. Although we found a small congruency effect for fearful faces
(Experiment 1, n = 241, d = 0.15) and a reverse congruency effect for threatening images, (Experiment 2,
n = 82, d = 0.11) whereas no carryover effects for threat were observed in either case. Bayesian analyses
revealed moderate to strong evidence in favor of the null hypothesis. We conclude that carryover effects
for threat do not influence attention bias for threat.
The Significance of Catastrophes for the Evolution of the Landscape Sphere
Authors: Demek Jaromír
Published: March 2022

The author discusses the role played by catastrophes in the evolution of the landscape sphere. The study of the landscape sphere is based upon the assumption that all phenomena of past geological times can be explained by the understanding of present geographical processes. This conception states that the present is the key to the past. Geographers believed that changes in the landscape sphere had been gradual, taking place at an equal uniform pace as they are today. Yet it now appears, that past changes in the landscape sphere may have been related to forces and processes which are either no longer in action or that the period of Man's observations has been too short for him to note them. More and more geographers admit now that in the past the landscape sphere was affected by sudden and violent catastrophes which played an important role in its development.
MENYEMAI AGEN PERUBAHAN KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK
Authors: Irawati Erna , Mancer Aldhino Niki
Published: March 2022

Kebutuhan terhadap perbaikan kualitas kebijakan publik di Indonesia mendorongpemerintah membentuk Jabatan Fungsional Analis Kebijakan (JFAK) dan diformalkanmelalui Peraturan Menteri Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi BirokrasiNomor 45 Tahun 2013 (Permen PAN dan RB 45/2013) tentang Jabatan FungsionalAnalis Kebijakan dan Angka Kreditnya. Dalam kurun waktu 3 tahun (2014-2016)menjalankan mandat sebagai instansi pembina JFAK, LAN menghadapi beberapatantangan terkait implementasi PermenPAN dan RB 45/2013. Ada kebutuhan yangsangat tinggi terhadap Analis Kebijakan (AK) di Kementerian/Lembaga/PemerintahDaerah (K/L/Pemda) namun, meski telah terseleksi sebanyak 150 Calon AK selamakurun waktu 3 tahun, baik melalui inpassing maupun pengangkatan pertama, hinggaakhir tahun 2016 baru mencapai 50% Calon AK yang telah diangkat oleh instansipengusulnya. Ada beberapa pasal dalam PermenPAN dan RB 45/2013 yang masihdinilai menghambat pengembangan JFAK misalnya batas umur menjadi JFAK melaluiinpassing dan perpindahan jabatan, persyaratan pendidikan, dan sebagainya. LAN perluberkoordinasi dengan MenPAN dan RB untuk segera melakukan perbaikan terhadapbeberapa pasal dalam Permen PAN dan RB 45/2013.Kata kunci : kualitas kebijakan, analis kebijakan
KOLABORASI PEMERINTAH DENGAN PERUSAHAAN PERTAMBANGAN MELALUI PROGRAM PENGEMBANGAN DAN PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: Ferlianta Wezy , Praditya Angga
Published: March 2022

Indonesia merupakan negara yang kaya akan sumber daya alam baik mineral dan  batubara. Sebagai contoh Provinsi Kalimantan Timur yang memiliki sumber daya dan cadangan serta tingkat produksi batubara terbesar di Indonesia. Namun ada fenomena menarik yang pelu diperhatikan dengan seksama yaitu permasalahan kemiskinan yang bisa dilihat dari indikator pertumbuhan ekonomi dan pendidikan. Kemiskinan tersebut tentunya harus diselesaikan melalui strategi yang tepat dan akurat baik dari sisi pemerintah, perusahaan pertambangan maupun masyarakat yang terkena dampak dari kegiatan pertambangan. Salah satu strategi jitu tersebut adalah dengan memperbaiki tata kelola di bidang pengembangan dan pemberdayaan masyarakat (PPM). Perbaikan tersebut berupa ketepatan strategi pelaksanaan Program Pengembangan dan Permberdayaan Masyarakat (PPM) yang bisa dicapai dengan cara penerapan kebijakan yang tepat sasaran (koordinasi lintas sektor antara pemerintah, perusahaan pertambangan dan masyarakat), perencanaan yang benar (pendataan dan identifikasi masalah), pelaksanaan dan pengawasan yang rutin, serta evaluasi terhadap program yang telah dilaksanakan. Dengan berbagai strategi tersebut diharapkan bisa mengentaskan kemiskinan sehingga memberikan dampak pembangunan berkelanjutan.