bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The new ruthenium(II)-bipyridyl complex with O,O'-diethyl-(S,S)-ethylenediamine-N,N'-di-2-(3-cyclohexyl)propanoate: Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Savić Aleksandar , Baroud Afya A , Grgurić-Šipka Sanja
Published: July 2016

The new bipyridyl complex of ruthenium(II) with O,O'-diethyl-(S,S)-ethylenediamine-N,N'-di-2-(3-cyclohexyl)propanoate was synthesized. The reaction of cis-[RuCl2(bpy)2] and ligand was performed in water/ethanol solution, in the presence of lithium hydroxide, under reflux. The addition of ammonium hexafluorophosphate, complex was precipitated. The complex, cis-[Ru(bpy)2L](PF6)2, was characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, UV-Vis, IR spectroscopy, ESI-MS spectrometry and elemental analysis. Results indicate an octahedral geometry of the complex, with N,N'-coordinated O,O'-diethyl-(S,S)-ethylenediamine-N,N'-di-2-(3-cyclohexyl)propanoate. Complexes of this type are particularly important in terms of potential cytotoxicity and application in photodynamic therapy. Using this therapy, many side effects can be reduced and this may allow administration of higher dosages drugs.
Preparation and properties of natural rubber/organo-montmorillonite: from lab samples to bulk material
Authors: Ivanoska-Dacikj Aleksandra , Bogoeva-Gaceva Gordana , Buzarovska Aleksandra , Gjorgjiev Igor , Raka Luljeta
Published: July 2016

Focusing on application aspects of the rubber nanocomposites and the production and testing of industrial-sized samples, this study was performed in two phases. First, natural rubber (NR)/organo-montmorillonite (OMMT) nanocomposites containing 2–14 phr OMMT were prepared on a laboratory-sized two-roll mill. The vulcanization behavior and mechanical properties of NR/OMMT composites were compared with a referent NR compound containing 60 phr carbon black (N330) as a reinforcing filler. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses showed a predominant intercalated structure for all OMMT nanocomposites. As a result, the organoclay behaved as an effective reinforcement for NR, even at loadings as low as 2 phr. This nanocomposite exhibited an improvement in tensile strength of 29% and in elongation at break of 61% in comparison with the referent NR/N330 compound. With the estimated optimal filler content, in the second phase, bulk NR/OMMT-5/steel samples were successfully produced for dynamic testing. The dynamic moduli were investigated by the method of forced vibrations. Compared to the NR/N 330 samples, NR/OMMT-5 samples showed improved hysteresis, with very low dissipating energy per cycle and significantly reduced Mullins effect.
Solvolysis kinetic study and direct spectrofluorimetric analysis of the fungicide benomyl in natural waters
Authors: Thiare Diène Diègane , Khonté Abdourakhmane , Sarr Diegane , Diop Cheikh , Gaye-Seye Mame Diabou , Coly Atanasse , Delattre François , Tine Alphonse , Aaron Jean-Jacques
Published: July 2016

A direct spectrofluorimetric method for the quantitative analysis of benomyl in natural waters is described. Benomyl is an instable, fluorescent fungicide that mainly decomposes into carbendazim and n-butyl-isocyanate in organic and aqueous solutions. The kinetics of benomyl solvolysis reactions were investigated in organic solvents (methanol and acetonitrile) and in aqueous solvent systems, including β–cyclodextrin (β-CD), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC), cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), cetyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (CTAOH), Brij-700, Triton X-100 and water, at different pH and/or NaOH concentrations. The benomyl fluorescence signal was found to be quasi-completely stable in 10-2 M NaOH aqueous solution, various alkaline (10-2 M NaOH) organized media, β-CD neutral solution and Triton X-100 aqueous solutions of different pH. Based on these results, a direct spectrofluorimetric analytical method was developed for the determination of benomyl in 10-2 M NaOH aqueous solution and Triton X-100 solutions (pH7 and 10-2 M NaOH), with wide linear dynamic range (LDR) values of two to three orders of magnitude, very low limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values of, respectively, 0.002-0.5 ng/mL and 0.007-2.0 ng/mL, and small relative standard deviation (RSD) values of 0.2-1.7 %, according to the medium. This direct spectrofluorimetric method was applied to the evaluation of benomyl residues in natural waters, with satisfactory recovery values (87-94%).
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel 1,3-Thiazole and 2-Amino-1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives
Authors: Er Mustafa , Şahin Ayşe , Tahtacı Hakan
Published: July 2016

Thiosemicarbazone derivatives 3a–e were synthesized by the reaction of various aldehydes 1a–e with 4-methyl thiosemicarbazide 2 in 78% to 90% yield. Then, the thiazole moieties of the target materials 5a–e were obtained in high yields (71–93%) using the Hantzsch reaction utilizing thiosemicarbazone derivatives 3a–e with ethyl-2-chloroacetoacetic ester. The substituted nitrile derivatives 7a–e were obtained in moderate to high yield (58–84%) from the reaction of compounds 5a–e with chloroacetonitrile by the nucleophilic aliphatic substitution reaction in the presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate. Finally, substituted 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole compounds 9a–e were obtained in moderate to good yields (51–62%) from the reaction of thiosemicarbazide with substituted nitrile derivatives 7a–e. As a result, compounds that all share a high disposition for biological activities were obtained. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis, and mass spectrometric techniques.
Indirect quantitative IR assessment of maximal monomolecular deposition of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane on silica gel surface
Authors: Bukleski Miha , Ivanovski Vladimir
Published: July 2016

Quantification of the amount of maximum loaded 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysylil (APS) on a thermally pretreated silica gel (600 ºC) was performed using IR spectroscopy. A possibility to find the maximum load through a construction of a Langmuir isotherm was not possible due to the irreversibility of the chemisorption reaction. The method used in this work was based on the analysis of the toluene solution on the quantity of the non-reacted APTMS after the saturation of the silica gel surface with APS. The process of chemisorption was monitored via the increasing band intensity of CH2 and NH­2 modes of the adsorbent and decreasing band intensity characteristic for the free isolated OH groups of silica gel using DRIFT spectroscopy. The obtained results on maximum adsorption are in line with the previously obtained, using carbon elemental analysis and a direct DRIFT method.
The role of conductive dopants in polymer cholesteric liquid crystals
Authors: Trajkovska Petkoska Anka
Published: July 2016

 

Abstract

Variety of conductive dopants were used to modify the electric properties of polymer cholesteric liquid crystals. Different types of carbon blacks, carbon nanotubes, as well as metallic particles were used as conductive dopants in this work. All of them affected the conductivity of the polymer matrix, but at different dopant concentrations. The percolation threshold behaviour of used dopants in the polymer host showed pronounced dependence on the dopants’ particle size and particle shape anisotropy. For instance,  the higher the aspect ratio of carbon-based dopant particles (aspect ratio = length : diametar), the lower the percolation threshold; while increase in metallic dopants' diameter yielded higher percolation threshold of polymer composition.
Номенклатура на органската хемија - 1. Вовед и име претпочитано од IUPAC
Authors: Здравковски Зоран
Published: July 2016

Првите системски правила за именување на органските соединенија се донесени на Конгресот на хемичарите во Женева во 1892 година и се познати како Женевска номенклатура. Тие се надополнети со Правилата од Лиеж во 1930 година, Луцерн 1936 година и Рим 1938 година. Во 1947 година при Меѓународната унија за чиста и применета хемија (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry – IUPAC) е формирана Комисија за номенклатура која ги објавува првите правила на IUPAC во 1957 година (секции А и В), ги проширува во 1969 година (секции А, В и С) и во 1979 година (секции A, B, C, D, F, G и H) [1]. Пред дваесет години, во 1993 година, измените излегоа во едно мало, но значајно издание под наслов A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds – за жал користењето не беше многу практично затоа што мораше да се користи заедно со изданието од 1979 година [2]. Оваа година излезе ново издание Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recom­mendations and Preferred Names 2013, или скратено Препораки 2013, на повеќе од 1500 страници [3]. Правилата од 1979 и препораките од 1993 се модифицирани за да се постигне доследност на целиот систем. Во случај на разлики меѓу разните препораки, предимство имаат најновите од 2013.
IGUALDADE POLÍTICA: BASE DO MODELO DE ESTADO MAQUIAVÉLICO
Authors: Ames José Luiz
Published: July 2016

Para captar a concepção maquiaveliana de Estado é necessário determinara ideia de igualdade política. Esta deve ser entendida como igualdade decomando e ausência de privilégio/precedência, ou seja, ausência de subordinação.Considerando esta definição, o modelo de Estado maquiaveliano só pode sera república. O artigo discute a partir da obra de G. Pancera “Maquiavel entrerepúblicas” a questão, levantada por Pancera, de que seria no Discursus deMaquiavel que semelhante modelo de Estado estaria formulado de modo maisexplícito. Problematizaremos esta interpretação apontando para a existência deelementos textuais da obra citada que autorizam pensar que igualmente umprincipado ou monarquia poderiam estar na intenção de Maquiavel na reformado Estado de Florença examinada no Discursus.
TEOLOGIA FILOSÓFICA E DIÁLOGO RELIGIOSO
Authors: Schmidt Josef
Published: July 2016

Resumo: O diálogo entre as diversas concepções do mundo, hoje tão urgente, especialmente o diálogo com as religiões e entre as religiões, só poderá ter sucesso se os parceiros estiverem dispostos a e forem capazes de levar a sério uns aos outros no cerne de suas convicções. Já que se trata de convicções últimas que de per si contêm uma pretensão universal, a razão é o espaço comum de tal diálogo. O seu cultivo é tarefa da filosofia, que se torna neste caso um parceiro qualificado, porque a transcendência como tema das religiões é também seu objeto. É o que mostram os diferentes argumentos da transcendência elaborados na filosofia, que como demonstrações de Deus constituem a ponte para a religião. São argumentos nucleares da filosofia, já que neles a razão tematiza sua capacidade para superar em princípio seus limites. Os tipos particulares desses argumentos são maneiras intimamente relacionadas da autoexplicitação da razão universal. A dimensão da normatividade e da bondade que assim emerge leva ao problema da teodicéia com o qual a filosofia e a teologia são conjuntamente confrontadas. A respeito desse problema a fé cristã possui um potencial racional especial que tem intensificado nos últimos tempos o diálogo com o budismo.Abstract: The dialogue between the different conceptions of the world, so urgent nowadays, especially the religious dialogue and that between religions, can only succeed if partners are willing and able to take each other seriously, at the heart of their own convictions. As these ultimate convictions contain per se a universal claim, reason must be the common ground for such a dialogue. The task of philosophy, acting here as a qualified partner, is therefore to cultivate dialogue since transcendence is an object of study for both religions and philosophy. This is what the different arguments of transcendence, developed in philosophy, show. Their demonstrations of God serve as a bridge to religion. They are core philosophical arguments since it is through them that reason expresses its ability to overcome, in principle, its own limits. The particularities of these arguments are closely related to the self-explanation of the universal reason. The dimension of normativity and kindness that emerge, brings the problem of theodicy to which both philosophy and theology are confronted. Regarding this issue, the Christian faith has a rational potential that has recently favoured the dialogue with Buddhism.
Bayesian estimation of the fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck instantaneous rate of asset return process: Evidence from high-frequency stock price data
Authors: Simos Theodore , Tsionas Mike
Published: July 2016

Using recent developments in econometrics and computational statistics we consider the estimation of the instantaneous rate of asset return process when the underlying Data Generating Mechanism (DGM) is an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, driven by fractional noise, and sampled at fixed intervals of length h. To address the problem we adopt throughout the paper an exact discretization approach. This enable us to exploit the fact that a flow sampling scheme arises naturally when observing the DGM. For, while the instantaneous rate of return process is unobservable at points in time, its time integral over successive observations is observable since it equals the increment of log-prices. Exact discretization delivers an ARIMA(1,1,1) model for log-prices with a fractional driving noise. Building on the resulting exact discretization formulae and covariance function, a new Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) scheme is proposed and we examine the properties of both the time and frequency domain likelihoods / posteriors through Monte Carlo. For the exact discrete model we adopt a general sampling interval of length h. This allow us to determine the optimal choice of h independent of the sample size. An empirical application using high frequency stock price data is presented showing the relevance of aggregation over time issues in modelling asset prices.
Processo Decisório e Rastreabilidade para a Carne Bovina Brasileira
Authors: Brandão Fernanda Scharnberg , Gianezini Miguelangelo , Winckler Natália Carrão , Machado João Armando Dessimon
Published: July 2016

A crescente preocupação com a segurança do alimento criou mercados promissores para produtos certificados. Partindo desta premissa o estudo teve por objetivo – fundamentado nas teorias de tomada de decisão e da informação – apresentar e discutir as possibilidades de adequação dos produtores de carne bovina no Brasil às novas exigências como a rastreabilidade, incluindo a transmissão da informação deste processo aos consumidores. Os resultados demonstram a complexidade envolvida na tomada de decisão e os diversos fatores (econômicos e não econômicos) que interferem nessas decisões, haja vista que os produtores sofrem influências internas e externas, referentes ao mercado e ao sistema produtivo.
Implantação do Processo Judicial Eletrônico no Judiciário Trabalhista Paulista e a Morte Simbólica
Authors: Tres Guilherme Smaniotto , Ferretti Renata
Published: July 2016

Organizações públicas são sistemas complexos, burocráticos, com valores organizacionais e elementos culturais fortes, em que o processo de resistência à mudança é considerado como um elemento disfuncional da organização burocrática. O artigo identificou a influência da implantação do processo judicial eletrônico (PJe) antes da adoção pelo Tribunal Regional do Trabalho da 2a Região, e sua relação com a resistência a mudança no comportamento dos atores internos. Os resultados sugerem ganho com a implantação do PJe, além de não identificar relação entre o tempo de cargo e tempo de serviço público, nem mesmo resistência ao processo de implantação do PJe.
Review of Literature for Models of Foreign Financial Institutions (FFIS) Financing Business & Trade
Authors: Vasant Edurkar Ashok
Published: July 2016

The model from strategic point of view is defined as a collection of financial business specific decisions that develop and/or maintain competitive advantage. So far as financing of India’s Foreign Trade is considered, the FFIs model for financing Foreign Trade is a totally new approach towards the financial system and foreign trade analysis. Earlier researchers employed the FFIs model analysis approach towards the analysis of financial system. The FFIs model analysis offers a wide range of applications. Several authors already employed this type of analysis, generating promising results. FFIs model is an important tool displaying the essence of financial business practices that lead to profits. Nevertheless, only well-defined FFIs model provides the information necessary to identify, compare and possibly enhance a certain trait. The FFIs models topic is often debated in the latest financial literature. The concept is used as an educative and analytical tool to explain and understand how FFIs function. The term model is widely applied and capable of including a range of financial business aspects. Financial business objectives, core customers, product management, financial business strategies, organization infrastructure and many other strategic and operational business processes fit in FFIs model term. Because of this capability to explain so much, FFIs model term suffers an “identity crisis”. Independent analysis undertaken by scholars and their individual approach towards business practices investigation resulted in a broad range of diverse interpretations and definitions in existing literature.
Peasant Class Differentiation and Differentiated Structure of Credit: A Study of West Bengal, India
Authors: Nanda Gouriprasad
Published: July 2016

This paper based on primary field survey deals with the nature and extent of peasant class differentiation and the differentiated structure of credit. Accessibility and distribution of credit will be our major concern of investigation. Particularly, we shall try to explore the role of institutional credit in the process of differentiation. The analysis made in this paper would help us to know first of all, to what extent households are dependent on private sources of credit vis-à-vis the institutional sources, secondly, whether credit absorption has something to do with the intensity of class differentiation.
Discernment of Consumers toward e-shopping: An Indian Perspective Study
Authors: Kumar Swatantra , Baijal Dr Sanjay
Published: July 2016

Purpose: This exploratory study is an attempt to analyse the shift from traditional brick and mortar framework to virtual shopping. The paper further explores the factors which the customers keep into their mind while shopping via online mode.

 

Design/ Methodology: A convenient sampling method has been used to collect data. Questionnaires have been filled through face to face interaction with the respondent of Gorakhpur dist. For this purpose a target of 120 people was set, but many respondents did not give complete information so only 105 surveyed questionnaires were considered for data analysis and interpretation.

 

Findings: Finding indicate that changing trend & preference of shopping are significantly related to their age, gender, education, income, familiarity & past experience. The major deterring factors were found as security measures and lack of physical presence. The result shows that educated, mid-level income earning and web familiar males can provide a target market for e-tailers.

 

Managerial/practical Implications: Although trend & preferences of customer are changeable in nature but a continuous look is required to understand the online market. The research may assist e-tailers while formulating, managing and improving their online marketing practices to cater to changing needs of consumers and thereby growing their market share.

 

Limitations: The study was performed in Gorakhpur city of Uttar Pradesh, India. The result may vary, if the same study accomplished in other region of the country. Time and financial constrains limits the study to pick limited size of sample.
Sociological Study of Women Domestic Workers in Bangalore City
Authors: Parameshwara Dr. N.
Published: July 2016

Women in India are approximately about out half of the population, they have been the weakest of the weaker sections which have been the most exploited in every field and in all sectors .Women in have been the most abused and have been undergone a various types of hardships in their everyday life.  Even though the government of India have been implemented some of policies implemented as their social security not many of them have come to reality. The women domestic workers in India are the unorganized group who strived to make their living without any life security and are in the vital situations in their social life. Over the last few years, studies on domestic life security in India have noted the increase in the numbers of migrant female domestic workers in the cities. They have also observed that domestic work is highly informal in its organization and tinted the vulnerabilities of domestic workers who belong to the poorer and uneducated sections of society. These studies also note that women from marginalized castes form a substantive group of domestic workers (Kaur 2006; Neetha 2004 and 2008). Domestic workers form a significant part of this informal economy which is unorganised. Despite the fact, domestic workers, constitute a crushing 90% of this unorganized labor force in India, they have always been marginalized as the unorganised sector. Whether they work part time, full day or as live in workers, they are forced to put up with various indignities, in the privacy of the households they work in. This part of my paper constitutes the study of Domestic workers in the Bangalore city is significant aspect due to its urban development process and women domestic have found to be the most wanted.  Domestic workers, an estimated 4 lakhs in Bangalore City work under illogical rules, are largely unskilled and illiterate. For years, women have been doing the drudgery of washing, cleaning, cooking and all menial tasks in other households for their own survival. Long hours of work, years of toil often with no living wage, no rest or recreation, sexual harassment, abuse of their dignity, untouchability, often treated callously are the story of their lives. The conditions of lakhs of child women domestic workers, the 24 hours live in workers, are even more exploitative and obnoxious. There have been many cases of rape and murder, horror tales of children being beaten, locked in bathrooms, bitten and burnt by employers. In my paper I have highlight some of the vital incidents where women have been facing and also the government policies and programmes and polices in the women empowerment in the social sector.
Semi-Month Effect in S&P CNX NIFTY Turnover and Retail Participation in Indian Capital Market
Authors: Periyasamy S.
Published: July 2016

NIFTY is the bellwether index followed by most of the traders in Indian stock markets. The turnover in the S&P CNX NIFTY constituent shows that the scripts are mostly traded on every session of trading. The study is carried out to check the semi moth effect in S&P CNX NIFTY which may helpful for retail investors to make investment decision. This study is carried out using the monthly movement of S&P CNX NIFTY index of NSE India Ltd for the period April 01, 2004 to March 31, 2015. The statistical significance of semi month effect is tested using descriptive statistics and paired “t” test. The outcome of the analysis shows that there is the presence of semi-month effect in index returns and suggestions to retail investors to time the investments based on the market movement.

 
Applications of Big Data in the Digital India: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Kumar Vinay , Chaturvedi Arpana
Published: July 2016

With the advent of Social Networking Sites (SNS), volumes of data are generated daily. Most of these data are multimedia type and unstructured with exponential growth. This exponential growth of variety, volume and complexity of structured and unstructured data leads to the concept of big data. Managing big data and harnessing its benefits is a real challenge. With increase in access to big data repository for various applications, security and access control is another aspect that needs to be considered while managing big data. We have discussed area of application of big data, opportunities it provides and challenges that we face in the managing such huge amount of data for various applications. Issues related to security against different threat perception of big data are also discussed. 
Shortage Economy: Production, Distribution and Consumption of Clothes in Socialist Yugoslavia in the Time of Command Economy (1945 – 1951)
Authors: Velimirović Danijela
Published: July 2016

Starting from the concept of the “social life of things” proposed by Arjun Appadurai, the paper considers the “journey” of clothing items from production, through distribution to consumption in post-war Yugoslavia. Even though the rationing of clothing and footwear was caused by the destruction of war and subsequent insufficient production of these items due to the official favoring of heavy industry, the major part of consumers’ frustration was the result of structural characteristics of the command economy. Through comparison with the literature on the economy of scarcity in other socialist countries, we will strive to uncover the anomalies of the production and distribution systems, contradictions between the proclaimed ideological goals and everyday practices, the (non)hidden discontent of the citizens caused by the constant search for clothes that fit, as well as the importance of social bonds for the process of purchasing. The sources of data on bureaucratic planning and specific imbalances built into the system will be news articles and caricatures.
Lexical Transference in the Speech of Serbs in Germany
Authors: Vuletić Julijana
Published: July 2016

The aim of this paper is to display the state of the Serbian language in the diaspora on a lexical level in the speech of representatives of different generations/groups of labor migrants, members of the Serbian ethno-linguistic community in the Bavarian city of Ingolstadt. In the paper we will primarily look to lexical transferences and show how certain lexemes became a part of the lexicon of the Serbian language utilized by our informants. Aside from identifying the state of the language of Serbian diaspora on a lexical level, we have attempted to determine and redefine the key concepts of contact linguistics, seeing as the terminological and conceptual apparatus of the discipline is characterized by an uneven terminology of phenomena, processes and outcomes of linguistic contact.
Three Paradigms of Horror
Authors: Ognjanović Dejan
Published: July 2016

Starting with the definition of horror as a literary genre the core story of which is based on a meeting with threatening Otherness whose influx into consensual reality and it’s tacit normality creates unrest and awakens fear in the protagonists and the audience, this paper defines the three key paradigms of the horror genre, based on the causes of fear, or rather the “monstrous” Otherness in them. Paradigm 1 concerns the “fear of one’s own self”: the root of the fear is inside, in the individual psyche, in the split, deceived, or in some other way unreliable self which is, consciously or unconsciously, harmful to others, and ultimately to itself. Paradigm 2 deals with the “Fear of others”: the root of fear is outside and is concerned with other people and other creatures which have an urge to occupy a certain human microcosm. Paradigm 3 is concerned with the “Fear of the numinous”: the root of the fear is mostly situated on the outside; however its shape is amorphous, ambivalent and unknowable. The “monster” is faceless; it touches on primary forces of the divine/demonic, and as such is situated on the very border between inside/outside. All three paradigms, with their main approaches and constitutive elements, are modulated through two basic possible treatments: the conservative and the progressive (liberal), which affords a total of six basic variations of horror. Starting from definitions given by John Carpenter, Robin Wood and his own, the author analyzes representative examples from horror literature and film for each paradigm and its variation, with a special accent on the image of Otherness and its connection to the norm, its intrusion into the status quo, anthropocentrism and the presence or absence of a happy ending. The paper demonstrates the richness of connotative potential within the horror genre and provides a basis for its taxonomy.
Horror and Fascination with the Eternal Body: The Mummy in Early Horror Literature
Authors: Žikić Bojan
Published: July 2016

Imagining the possibility of an unimaginably long or eternal physical existence is considered as shaped by cultural ideas about mummies as eternal physical bodies in English literature of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Based on three short stories and one novel, the paper will show how cultural ideas about a foreign and distant culture are shaped through the reflection of ideas about one’s own culture.
Heroes of our time. The figure of the drug-trafficker in Colombian narcotelenovelas
Authors: Palaversich Diana
Published: July 2016

This paper examines the representation of drug traffickers in Colombian narcotelenovelas. While the Colombian official discourse treats these characters as the embodiment of evil and cruelty, narcotelenovelas treat them as models of social mobility in countries characterized by social injustice. The figure of drug trafficker (narcotraficante) represented in Colombian TV series is constructed at the intersection of two myths: the ancient myth of the social bandit, a brave macho man who steals from the rich and gives to the poor, and the contemporary myth about the capitalist entrepreneur (a self-made man) who rises from poverty and marginality to a position of power and wealth.
Yugoslav Black Wave and Critical Discourse: The Review of the Past, Criticism of Today and The Anticipation of Crisis
Authors: Lazarević- Radak Sanja
Published: July 2016

Considering the so-called black wave as a group of original achievements of the Yugoslav cinema, I set aside its dominant themes. As most important I have marked: 1. The post-war chaos and the inversion of values; 2. The forms of alienation In socialist society; 3. The sexual revolution; 4. Assumptions about the possibility of the dissolution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia; 5. The representations of marginalized groups. These topics are mentioned as forms of critique of real socialism at the time that reveals dissatisfaction with inconsistent application of Marxist thought in social practice. Today, when one can notice exoticism of the past and as its consequence the so called yugonostalgia the post-Yugoslav societies,  these films can serve as a basis for questioning the value system of the Yugoslav socialist society to reveal the cracks in its idealized picture. Although the film, as a cultural product remains on the border between fantasy and the document, it reflects social relations. Like other forms of art film can be read like a text, and its semantics reveal consistency of defects, latent and manifest social criticism.
Avanzando la ciencia de enfermería en el Perú: laciencia del cuidado humano
Authors: Palmieri Patrick A. , Membrillo Nataly
Published: July 2016

La ciencia de enfermería enfrenta ahora el reto de avanzar a la siguiente fase de desarrollo, a lo que llamamos ´Ser relevantes a nivel mundial´. Este movimiento implica una variedad de actividades y cambios en la forma que hacemos ciencia, una responsabilidad que debe ser compartida por los científicos en todo el mundo. En el paradigma de la ciencia del cuidado, el método "es siempre subordinado a la esencia del cuidado, y el ethos es el valor basado en la ciencia del cuidado” (Lindberg, von Post, y Eriksson, 2013, p. 100). Esto significa que los estudios de investigación de alta calidad son un resultado importante de la alineación correcta de la ontología, epistemología, metodología y métodos en respuesta a una pregunta de investigación bien definida. La disciplina de la enfermería está "Basada en la ciencia del cuidado; esto a su vez, informa a la profesión. La ciencia del cuidado sirve como punto de partida-moral-filosófico-teórico fundamental para la formación de enfermería, atención al paciente, investigación, e incluso prácticas administrativas" (Watson, 2008, p. 16). En esta tradición, la ciencia de enfermería puede ampliarse para incorporar nuevos métodos de investigación (Phillips, 1990).
Perú: ZIKA una nueva Enfermedad Emergente
Authors: Gómez Gonzales Walter Edgar
Published: July 2016

En el Perú y en América Latina, desde el 2015 a la fecha, muchos países de lasAméricas confirmaron casos autóctonos de enfermedad por virus del Zika, según el último reporteepidemiológico de la OPS/OMS del 16 de junio de 2016 (1). ZIKV es un arbovirus del género Flavivirus que setrasmite principalmente por picadura del mosquito Aedes. Tiene un conocido linaje africano desde mediadosdel siglo XX, y un nuevo linaje asiático, responsable de las epidemias del sudeste asiático de 2007 y laPolinesia Francesa de 2013- 2014, que salta posteriormente a las Américas, con una transmisiónfundamentalmente diurna y urbana, que asegura una alta tasa de ataque, que infecta en epidemias alrededor del 80% delas poblaciones (2).
Spontaneous Intestinal Perforation in a Very Low Birth Weight Infant: Successful Management by Peritoneal Needle Suction
Authors: Chioukh Fatma Zohra , Ben Ameur Karim , Laamiri Rachida , Ben Hamida Hayet , Nouri Abellatif , Monastiri Kamel
Published: July 2016

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Ruptured Liver Abscess in Neonates: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Khan Niyaz Ahmed , Choudhury SR , Jhanwar Praveen
Published: July 2016

Neonatal hepatic abscess is a rare disease seen mainly in preterm following umbilical catheterisation. Liver abscess in term neonates without any predisposing factor is still rarer and only few cases have been reported in the literature. Here we report two cases of liver abscess in term neonates presenting with abdominal mass due to rupture.
Chromosomal Microarray Testing in NEC: A Case Report
Authors: Burjonrappa Sathyaprasad C , Schwartzberg David
Published: July 2016

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains the most common reason for emergent surgery in the neonatal intensive care unit. The common pathophysiology in all NEC involves alteration in gut microflora, abnormal blood supply to the intestine, and uncontrolled cytokine release. We report a full-term neonate who developed NEC. The neonate had surgical resection of approximately 120cms of bowel. After an initial proximal jejunostomy she underwent a successful jejuno-ileal anastomosis with preservation of her ileocolic valve at 6 weeks of age. A little more than one year of age, she is being weaned off her parenteral nutrition (PN) as her bowel adaptation continues. A chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) resulted in the identification of a 15q13.3 microdeletion.
Prune Belly Syndrome with Situs Inversus Abdominus
Authors: Ramagopal Ganavi , Narayana Ganesh , Rathod Ashok
Published: July 2016

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Vitellointestinal Duct Anomalies in Infancy
Authors: Kadian Yogender Singh , Verma Anjali , Rattan Kamal Nain , Kajal Pardeep
Published: July 2016

Background: Vitellointestinal duct (VID) or omphalomesenteric duct anomalies are secondary to the persistence of the embryonic vitelline duct, which normally obliterates by weeks 5–9 of intrauterine life.Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of a total of 16 patients of symptomatic remnants of vitellointestinal duct from period of Jan 2009 to May 2013.Results: Male to female ratio (M:F) was 4.3:1 and mean age of presentation was 2 months and their mode of presentation was: patent VID in 9 (56.25%) patients, umbilical cyst in 2(12.25%), umbilical granuloma in 2 (12.25%), and Meckel diverticulum as content of hernia sac in obstructed umbilical hernia in 1 (6.25%) patient. Two patients with umbilical fistula had severe electrolyte disturbance and died without surgical intervention.Conclusion: Persistent VID may have varied presentations in infancy. High output umbilical fistula and excessive bowel prolapse demand urgent surgical intervention to avoid morbidity and mortality.
Antero-posterior Duplicate Exstrophy with a Wet Bladder Plate: A Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Thakkar Nirali Chirag , Raj Prince , Sarin Yogesh Kumar
Published: July 2016

Variants of exstrophy are rare anomalies seen in the spectrum of bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex. We present a rare case of duplicate exstrophy with a wet bladder plate. This is a deviation from the classical description of antero-posterior duplicate exstrophy that is associated with a dry bladder plate.
Satisfaction With the Outcome of Physical Therapist–Prescribed Exercise in Chronic Whiplash–Associated Disorders: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ardern Clare L. , Peterson Gunnel , Ludvigsson Maria Landén , Peolsson Anneli
Published: July 2016

Study Design

Secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial.

Background

Patient perception of the benefits gained from treatment is important, yet satisfaction with the outcome of treatment for chronic whiplash-associated disorders (WADs) has not been investigated.

Objectives

To investigate whether satisfaction with the outcome of treatment for chronic WAD changed over time, and whether there were group differences.

Methods

Two hundred sixteen people with chronic WAD (66% women; mean age, 40.4 years) participated in a 3-month program of physical therapist-led neck-specific exercises with or without a behavioral approach, or received a prescription of general physical activity. The main outcome was satisfaction with the outcome of treatment, assessed at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months later. Additional outcomes were enablement and expectation fulfillment.

Results

Satisfaction improved over time in the 3 groups (odds ratio = 1.15; 95% confidence interval: 1.10, 1.20; P<.001). There was a significant group-by-time interaction (P<.001), with increased odds of being satisfied in the groups receiving neck-specific exercises compared to general physical activity. Enablement increased after completion of the intervention in all groups (P<.001). People who received neck-specific exercises reported greater enablement and expectation fulfillment than people prescribed general physical activity (P<.01).

Conclusion

Exercise interventions for chronic WAD led to increased satisfaction for 12 months following treatment that was unrelated to the type of exercise intervention received.

Level of Evidence

Therapy, level 1b. Registered January 22, 2012 at www.ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01528579). J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(8):640–649. Epub 3 Jul 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.6136
Adrenal histoplasmosis : a rare cause of bilateral adrenomegaly
Authors: Subedi PP , Chapagain S , Thakur DK , Poudyal S , Luitel BR , Chalise PR , Sharma UK , Gyawali PR , Shrestha GK
Published: July 2016

Histoplasmosis is an opportunistic infection caused by a dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. Histoplasmosis causing bilateral adrenal involvement is rare and usually occurs only in immunocompromised individuals with disseminated disease.  Here we report a case of bilateral adrenal histoplasmosis with disseminated disease in an immunocompetent patient.
The Encyclopedia Hands From Design Thinking to Design Making
Authors: Havemose Karin
Published: July 2016

This article deals with creativity in practice and reveals the complex web of knowledge and skills that are in the things we create. Immaterial values such as traditions, memories and intentions are made visible. Also dimensions from the philosophy of knowledge are revealed: reflective judgement, aesthetic sensitivity and accountability for doing good work. The epistemology of the article is based on the theory of hermeneutic experience and empirical examples are gathered from the author’s book Things in motion – the design process (2012).
Social change through place innovation
Authors: Lindberg Malin , Ericson Åsa , Gelter Jennie , Karlberg Helena
Published: July 2016

This article explores how ‘place innovation’ can be used as a new scientific concept and practical tool to understand and shape the social design of the future. 

The article’s starting point is a collaborative project between academia, industry and the community in northern Sweden. The project is developing knowledge and methods of place innovation based on a coherent perspective on the innovative design of places. Place innovation weaves together social, cultural, economic and technological aspects in order to increase the attractiveness of a place to existing and potential visitors, residents and investors.
Critical factors in the establishment of allopolyploids
Authors: Fowler Norma L. , Levin Donald A.
Published: July 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

The growth and spread of new polyploid populations have been explained in terms of fitness advantages over their diploid progenitors. However, a fitness advantage is not sufficient to insure the establishment of a polyploid; it must also overcome the obstacles of demographic stochasticity and minority disadvantage. Several studies have addressed the population dynamics of autopolyploids, but the present study is the first to consider allopolyploids, which are affected by more factors than autopolyploids.

METHODS:

We constructed a population dynamic model of four types of plants (two parent species, hybrids, allopolyploids) that also included an explicit breeding system.

KEY RESULTS:

The numbers of plants of each type were the most important factors determining whether the new allopolyploid would become established. More polyploid plants greatly increased the likelihood of polyploid persistence. More plants of the parent species and more hybrids resulted in more polyploids being produced. The model parameters with the most effect on polyploid establishment were potential population size (K), individual plant fecundity, and niche separation (α). The most important breeding system parameters were selfing rates, which mitigated minority disadvantage imposed by pollen limitation.

CONCLUSIONS:

The importance of population sizes, and the parameters that controlled them, in overcoming demographic stochasticity parallels the well‐recognized role of propagule pressure in determining the success of invasive species. We modeled the establishment of a new allopolyploid; analogous considerations would affect the establishment of a new autopolyploid. The critical role of population sizes in polyploid establishment should be more widely recognized.
Involvement of Mucosal-associated Invariant T cells in Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Hayashi Eri , Chiba Asako , Tada Kurisu , Haga Keiichi , Kitagaichi Mie , Nakajima Shihoko , Kusaoi Makio , Sekiya Fumio , Ogasawara Michihiro , Yamaji Ken , Tamura Naoto , Takasaki Yoshinari , Miyake Sachiko
Published: July 2016

Objective.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the axial and peripheral joints and ligamentous attachments. Gut immunity is thought to be involved in AS, because a prominent coexistence of gut and joint inflammation has been observed in patients with AS. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are preferentially located in the gut lamina propria and produce inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 17 (IL-17) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which are therapeutic targets for AS. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of MAIT cells in AS.

Methods.

The frequency of MAIT cells and their cytokine production were determined in patients with AS and healthy controls (HC). The expression of a MAIT cell activation marker (CD69) was analyzed in patients with AS by using flow cytometry.

Results.

The frequency of MAIT cells in the peripheral blood was lower in patients with AS compared with HC. The levels of IL-17 produced by MAIT cells after activation were higher in patients with AS than in the HC. CD69 expression on MAIT cells correlated with the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score in patients with AS.

Conclusion.

These results suggest the involvement of MAIT cells in the pathogenesis of AS.
An Open-label, Phase II Study of the Safety and Tolerability of Pirfenidone in Patients with Scleroderma-associated Interstitial Lung Disease: the LOTUSS Trial
Authors: Khanna Dinesh , Albera Carlo , Fischer Aryeh , Khalidi Nader , Raghu Ganesh , Chung Lorinda , Chen Dan , Schiopu Elena , Tagliaferri Margit , Seibold James R. , Gorina Eduard
Published: July 2016

Objective.

Systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) shares a number of clinical features and pathogenic mechanisms with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This study was designed to evaluate the tolerability of the IPF treatment pirfenidone in SSc-ILD. The known gastrointestinal, skin, and liver adverse events (AE) of pirfenidone are of importance given the involvement of these organs in SSc.

Methods.

All patients received pirfenidone and were randomized 1:1 to either a 2- or 4-week titration starting at 801 mg/day and finishing at a maintenance dose of 2403 mg/day. Patients received pirfenidone for 16 weeks in total. Assessments included treatment-emergent AE (TEAE) and exploratory disease outcomes.

Results.

Sixty-three patients were randomized; 96.8% experienced a TEAE and more patients reported TEAE during the titration versus the maintenance period. The most commonly reported TEAE were consistent with those observed for pirfenidone in IPF (nausea, headache, fatigue) and were similar regardless of titration schedule. More patients discontinued treatment because of TEAE in the 2- versus 4-week titration group (5 vs 1, respectively); all discontinuation events occurred > 3 weeks after reaching the full dose of pirfenidone. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), taken by 63.5% of patients in addition to pirfenidone, did not appear to affect tolerability. Exploratory disease outcomes remained largely unchanged.

Conclusion.

Pirfenidone showed an acceptable tolerability profile in SSc-ILD, although a longer titration may be associated with better tolerability. Tolerability was not affected by concomitant MMF. The present findings support further investigation of pirfenidone in future clinical trials in patients with SSc-ILD. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov; www.clinicaltrials.govNCT01933334.
Maladies rénales et inégalités sociales d’accès à la greffe en France
Authors: Baudelot Christian , Caillé Yvanie , Godechot Olivier , Mercier Sylvie
Published: July 2016

Les maladies rénales sont invisibles et silencieuses jusqu’à un stade avancé. La transplantation est aujourd’hui le traitement le plus efficient à tous les âges de la vie en termes de survie et de qualité de vie, mais aussi pour le système de santé. Or, quels que soient le sexe ou l’âge, les patients les moins instruits y ont moins souvent accès que les autres en France. De nombreux facteurs indépendants concourent à ces inégalités sociales : la nature des pathologies rénales en partie produites par le mode de vie, l’attention prêtée aux premiers symptômes, mais aussi l’existence de deux traitements de suppléance (la dialyse et la transplantation) qui se pratiquent dans des univers professionnels différents. Les mieux armés pour s’orienter dans ce système sont les patients les plus instruits. Les inégalités d’accès aux traitements entraînent à leur tour de fortes inégalités d’accès ou de maintien dans l’emploi. Les moins diplômés héritent d’emplois éprouvants physiquement qui sont rarement compatibles avec les séances de dialyse et un organisme affaibli.