bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Herrenchiemsee project as a prototype of the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany
Authors:   Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Popov Ivan D.
Published: December 2024

The article evaluates the influence of the constitutional project of the Herrenchiemsee Convention (10–23 August 1948) on the final content of the Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany adopted on 23 May 1949. Based on retrospective, comparative historical and comparative legal methods of research, as well as analysis of the political alignment of Western Germany during the period of allied occupation (1945–1949), the significance of the Herrenchiemsee project for the discussions of the Parliamentary Council in Bonn (1 September 1948 – 8 May 1949) is determined. Comparison of the materials of the Convention (primary drafts, session reports, final report) with the final version of the Basic Law allows concluding that the Herrenchiemsee project has a fairly high degree of influence on the “Bonn Constitution”. The most debatable issues, which were framed in the draft as various alternatives to constitutional norms, retained their problematic nature in the Parliamentary Council. Despite the official refusal to consider the Herrenchiemsee project as a whole, the delegates of the Parliamentary Council often started from the materials of the Herrenchiemsee Convention or even reproduced (in meaning or verbatim) certain norms and basic principles of the state structure. The reasons for turning to the Herrenchiemsee materials are related to their worthwhile advantages compared to other constitutional projects, namely: (1) they were a positive experience of compromise between representatives of different German states and parties; (2) they were compiled by authoritative experts in the field of constitutional law, governance and finance; 3) they were generally approved by the allied military governments and had the support of the regional elite. For this reason, it was the formulations of the Herrenchiemsee project that often served as the basis for productive inter-factional negotiations in the Parliamentary Council. Significant deviations of the Basic Law from the Herrenchiemsee proposals were most often within the competence of the federal center, as well as within the mechanisms for guaranteeing federalism and democratic order. This was due, on the one hand, to significant disagreements between the factions of the Parliamentary Council themselves and the constant revision of reached compromises. On the other hand, the unconditional acceptance of the Herrenchiemsee project would have meant a confirmation of the high influence of the Minister Presidents the German states and the state bureaucracy, which the party leaders did not want to allow. Therefore, the delegates of the Parliamentary Council either settled on more centralist alternatives to the Herrenchiemsee developments or weakened the mechanisms of political influence of the lands.
The personal and professional position of students of the direction of training “Pedagogical Education”
Authors:   Pskov State University, Petrash Elena A. , Sidorova Tatiana V. ,   Banzarov Buryat State University
Published: December 2024

The relevance of the research is due to the importance of the theoretical and methodological understanding of the essence of future teacher’s personal and professional position and the need for its empirical research. Based on the data obtained, pedagogical tools are developed aimed at increasing the productivity of the personal and professional position of the student and teacher. The aim of the research is to identify and analyze the personal and professional position of senior year students in pedagogical areas of training and to determine the methods and forms of its development. During the research, the authors relied on theoretical and methodological approaches: relationship theory, personified, humanistic, subject-activity, and systemic approaches. The research was conducted on the basis of the Department of Secondary General Education and Social Design of Pskov State University and on the basis of the Department of General Pedagogy of Banzarov Buryat State University. The research involved second- and fourth-year full-time pedagogical students (800 people aged 19 to 22). During the research, the following methods were used: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, questionnaires, testing, statistical processing and analysis of the data obtained. Systematized diagnostic tools were used at all stages of the research. To increase the validity of the results, a sample of student teachers of different profiles was made: the large variability of profiles in two geographically distant universities in the country (Pskov and Buryat State Universities) allows us to speak about the representativeness of the data obtained. During the research, the concept of the future teacher’s personal and professional position, its components and structure, its indicators and levels, features of formation and development were clarified. An important condition for the development of a student’s personal and professional position is their own activity in the educational process and in the process of self-development. The diagnostic results show that only 16% of the surveyed students have a high level of development of professional and pedagogical motivation. Only 26% have a high level of development of the value-semantic sphere. The majority of respondents (46%) have uncertain life goals and value guidelines; 32% of students are in a state of a personal identity crisis; 45%, in their opinion, lack the willpower for further self-development; and 59% are not fully focused on pedagogical profession. A significant portion of respondents (28%) have a low sense of meaning in their lives in the present, lack clear goals for the future, and are passive in their life position in general. In general, the data obtained at the stage of the ascertaining experiment indicates that in the professional training of future teachers insufficient attention is paid to the development of their values and life orientations.
Educational potential of data storytelling technology: features and prospects of implementation
Authors:   Mari State University, Toktarova Vera I. , Kazantseva Olesya G. ,   Mari State University
Published: December 2024

Modern education is faced with a constantly changing information and technological landscape, requiring the adaptation of learning and teaching technologies to new challenges. One of the key aspects of this transformation has been the integrated use of big data and digital technologies in the pedagogical process. In this context, data storytelling technology, which combines analytical data processing and the art of storytelling, deserves special attention. The aim of this work is to study the educational potential of data-storytelling technology, identify its features and prospects for implementation in the educational practice of higher education. The research is based on the provisions of competence, system, activity and environmental approaches. To reach the research aim, the authors used a set of theoretical (structural-functional and content analysis, synthesis, generalization), empirical (questionnaire, survey, conversation, ranking, expert evaluation), and mathematical (mathematical statistics, mathematical modeling) methods. The article provides a definition of data storytelling and considers its main elements (data, visualization, and narrative). A description is given of various types of data: numerical, textual, graphic and sound, and the features of their application. The educational potential of data storytelling is revealed and presented as an educational technology in accordance with the concept of G.K. Selevko, consisting of three interrelated components: scientific, formally descriptive, and procedurally effective. Particular attention is paid to the benefits of using data storytelling in education. As part of the study, the material obtained from the empirical data collection was analyzed and summarized. The sample consisted of 138 educators of the Mari State University. To confirm the reliability and significance of the presented statistical data, the Pearson criterion χ2 was applied. The conclusions of the article emphasize the importance of data storytelling as an effective educational technology that can not only improve the quality of education, but also develop student’s skills in analysis, communication, and application of knowledge in practice. The results obtained can serve as a basis for developing guidelines for integrating data storytelling into educational programs, as well as for further research in the field of educational technologies and innovative teaching methods.
Atypical types of exemption from criminal liability and punishment during the special military operation: In search of an optimal model of legal regulation
Authors:   Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, Abdullina Kamila R. , Golovastova Iuliia A. ,   Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, Korneev Sergey A. ,   Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia
Published: December 2024

The existing experience of applying a set of criminal law norms that determine the features of criminal liability of persons participating in the special military operation has allowed the authors of the article to detect the main trends in its expansion, taking into account the changed socio-political reality. The aim of the study is to identify the main directions of development of the institution of exemption from criminal liability and punishment in the conditions of the changed socio-political reality – convicts participation in the special military operation. The objectives of the study are to study the natural dialectical connections in the development of criminal law, conditioned by immediate political needs and challenges facing the state and society; to identify the problems of constructing criminal legislation taking into account the polar points of view among scientists and practitioners; to rethink the institution of exemption from criminal liability and punishment, demonstrating a tendency to expand the regulatory framework. The authors note that, when the categories of persons under study are exempted from criminal liability and punishment, there are important changes in the structure of the emerging practice: the number of convicts, for whom atypical and hybrid forms of exemption are implemented, is increasing, which certainly leads to the need to supplement the current legislative structure. In connection with participation in the special military operation, the proportion of criminals released from criminal liability and convicted persons released from actually serving their sentences at the stage of sentencing and serving imprisonment from correctional institutions increases. The work is based on the principles of criminal law. The authors, despite the prism of the dialectical development of criminal rights, the expansion of provisions on exemption from criminal liability and punishment, come to the conclusion that there are contradictions in the system of criminal law norms governing the analyzed issues. In fulfilling these conditions for the development and application of special norms of criminal law regulating issues of exemption from criminal liability and punishment, the following research methods were used: differential, formal-logical, functional, systemic-structural, comparative legal, and heuristic. The authors identified and analyzed the norms of criminal law, determined by socio-political necessity in modern conditions in connection with the involvement of convicted persons in the special military operation, which entailed changes in the development trends of the institution of exemption from criminal liability and sanctions, and in its application.
Compulsory labor in the criminal penalty system: Untapped opportunities
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Artemenko Natalia V. , Shimbareva Nina G. ,   Southern Federal University
Published: December 2024

Addressing the problems of developing the criminal punishment system is now natural and predictable. One of the main problems in this field is creation of high-quality alternatives to imprisonment. Having drawn attention to compulsory labor in this regard, the authors set the aim of justifying the development of compulsory labor taking into account the urgent economic needs of the country. The article shows that, despite intensive legislative activities, the system of criminal penalties in the current Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is very conservative. For many years, the most prescribed type of punishment has been imprisonment. Meanwhile, the current situation by 2023 has actualized attention to such a specific segment of the workforce as convicts. Sharing the opinion about the possibility of using the labor of convicts to solve economic problems, the authors believe that the solution to this problem can be found in modifying compulsory labor as a type of criminal punishment. To substantiate the hypothesis, the method of content analysis of legal literature on the issue of the system of criminal penalties for the period of 2013–2022 was used; legislative activities in this area and available statistical data on the application of criminal penalties were examined. The location of correctional centers and sites functioning as correctional centers was also analyzed. All this made it possible to infer that the potential of compulsory labor is being insufficiently and inefficiently used. The main proposal of the authors is to supplement compulsory labor with the principle of extraterritoriality, namely, the possibility of its assignment without reference to the convicted person’s place of residence. The new concept will require changes to the existing legal regulation of this type of punishment. Thus, the list of crimes for which compulsory labor may be assigned is also subject to adjustment. Compulsory labor should be applied for careless crimes, regardless of their category, as well as for intentional crimes of minor and medium gravity, or for intentional serious crimes committed for the first time. It is also necessary to review the restrictions established by Part 7 of Article 53.1 of the RF Criminal Code. Possible compulsory labor at the place of residence may be assigned to minors aged 16 to 18, as well as to persons of retirement age who have retained their ability to work and a desire to work. A clear and consistent positioning of compulsory labor in a new form as an “intermediate” punishment between imprisonment and its alternatives will emphasize the independent status of compulsory labor and increase the trust of courts in this type of punishment.
Monitoring of persons sentenced to restriction of liberty: Some problematic aspects
Authors:   Tomsk Institute for Advanced Training of Employees of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, Glazkov Mikhail B. , Glazkova Evgeniya I. ,   Tomsk State University
Published: December 2024

The article examines the issues law enforcement officers face when fulfilling prohibitions and restrictions in the supervision of persons sentenced to punishment in the form of restriction of liberty. The dynamics of the number of persons sentenced to such punishment for the period from 2010 to 2022 was studied, and it was inferred that to date this type of punishment has not been widely used. The order of supervision over the execution of restrictions imposed by a court verdict is considered: restrictions on changing the place of residence or stay without the consent of the specified specialized state body; restrictions in the form of a ban on leaving the territory of the relevant municipality; a ban on leaving the place of permanent residence (stay) at a certain time of day; a ban on visiting places of mass and other events and participating in these events. To consolidate the stated positions, the authors provide examples from law enforcement practice. Based on the identified problems of controlling the above restrictions, it is proposed to consider the possibility of supplementing Article 50 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation with a clause allowing the executive body to give consent to convicts to change their place of residence after release from a correctional colony. The analysis of the severity of crimes committed by persons sentenced to punishment in the form of restriction of freedom is carried out, on the basis of which it is proposed to form a list fixing the priority of using SAMPLE equipment to certain categories of persons released from places of deprivation of liberty, namely: those released from places of deprivation of liberty; those who committed grave and especially grave crimes; those who committed crimes against sexual freedom and inviolability; those who have committed repeated crimes; those who have committed crimes that have a public resonance, etc. Having studied the law enforcement practice of exercising control over the restrictions imposed by a court verdict, the authors highlight the need to consolidate in Item 33.1 of Order of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation No. 258 dated 11 October 2010, On Approval of the Instructions for Organizing the Execution of Punishment in the Form of Restriction of Liberty, the concepts of mass events, other events and participation in them. In addition, it is noted that the courts, when passing sentence, prescribe a specific type of mass events or impose the specified restriction on convicts who have committed violations of the order and conditions of serving their sentences, on the recommendation of the Criminal Investigation Department, and indicate the type of mass event that the convict is prohibited to attend and to participate in it.
Problematic issues related to the execution of criminal penalties for foreign citizens
Authors:   Kutafin Moscow State Law University, Yakovlev Evgeny A.
Published: December 2024

Foreign citizens who have committed crimes on the territory of Russia are subject to criminal liability on an equal footing with citizens of the Russian Federation. In connection with the fact that for the last three years the number of foreign citizens convicted by Russian courts has significantly increased, the conclusion about the relevance of the study is made. The aim of the study is to identify problematic issues of the enforcement of criminal penalties when establishing the fact of departure of a convicted foreign citizen from the Russian Federation. To reach this aim, the author used statistical, comparative-legal, formal-legal methods of research, a study of documentary sources, a method of interpretation of legal norms and legal forecasting, as well as applied the rules and techniques of formal and dialectical logic. When conducting the study, the author proposes to consider the peculiarities of sentencing, dividing the sentences of Russian courts into two groups: with deprivation of liberty and punishments not related to isolation from society. Thus, in the sphere of penalties in the form of deprivation of liberty there are cases when a convicted foreign citizen can leave the territory of the Russian Federation, since restrictive procedures are not applied to him/her. This occurs when imposing punishment in the absence of the defendant (in absentia) or when a decision is made to independently go to the place of serving the sentence in a settlement colony. At the same time, in the case of establishing the location of such a convicted person in the state of his/her citizenship, the further mechanism of execution of criminal punishment is not clear. Similar problems have been identified in the application to foreign citizens of criminal penalties not related to the isolation of convicted persons from society. Contradictions of legislative norms in various spheres have been revealed, which do not allow the execution of criminal penalties, as a convicted foreign citizen must be deported from Russia. It has been found that in many respects the problem under study is formed by the lack of grounds for extradition of the convicted person, as well as non-recognition of the sentences of the Russian court by the state in the convicted person’s place of citizenship. Based on the results of the study, the author proposes several options for solving the problem under consideration: establishment of an unambiguous ban on the departure from Russia of a convicted foreign citizen until the criminal sentence has been served in full; development of the practice of concluding international treaties (agreements) with foreign states; establishment for foreign citizens of a new type of basic criminal punishment – “forced expulsion from the Russian Federation”; payment of compensation by the state of which the convicted person is a citizen; determination of the possibility to serve the sentence in the state of the foreign citizens location with his/her voluntary consent.
The reception of the artistic world and biographical myth of Ivan Turgenev in Vladimir Nabokov’s The Real Life of Sebastian Knight
Authors:   University of Tyumen, Drozdova Anastasiia O. , Semenova Margarita A. ,   University of Tyumen
Published: December 2024

The research aim is to determine forms of the reception of Ivan Turgenev’s oeuvre in Vladimir Nabokov’s first novel in English, The Real Life of Sebastian Knight. Until now, Turgenev’s supertext in the novel has not been the object of a separate study, although researchers note the world-forming function of allusions to Russian and European classics. The study emphasizes the fact that the reception of Turgenev’s work is present on the levels of plot and imagery: (1) Turgenev’s plot about the character being obsessed with a femme fatale; (2) the mystical images of Turgenev and the principles of constructing an otherworldly space; (3) the biographical myth about Turgenev, represented in the works of writers contemporary with Nabokov. In the first stage of the analysis, we focus on a comparison of Nina Lecerf with Turgenev’s femme fatales. Nabokov implements the features of the portrait of Turgenev’s heroines – Maria Polozova, Clara Militch, Irina Ratmirova, Ellis, but in each case the similarity is incomplete. Unlike Turgenev’s femme fatales, who subjugate the will of characters with their supernatural beauty and power, Nina Lecerf charms the characters with physical attractiveness that is difficult to put into words by V. and Sebastian. The article proves that being in love with Nina Lecerf is a challenge to the characters imagination and literary gift. In the second part, we identify the features of Turgenev’s biographical myth in the novel: Nabokov focuses on the historical-literary works of B. Zaytsev, A. Remizov, Yu. Aikhenvald, etc. The unclear aspects of Sebastian’s and Turgenev’s biographies are similar (hypochondria; attachment to a woman, interpreted as the cause of death); however, if in B. Zaytsevs fictionalized biography they are given a mystical-religious or psychological explanation, then in Nabokov’s novel the “mysteries” of Sebastian’s biography are not revealed, but activate the narrators imagination and inspire the creation of his own fictional world. Nabokov uses the myth of Turgenev the dreamer, formed in A. Remizovs works. Unlike Turgenev’s works, in Nabokov’s novel, the dream images cannot be directly deciphered: they form a monogram connecting fantasy, the narrator’s direct impressions, and memories. We conclude that the author’s affinity to Turgenev’s works and to the traditions of their interpretation is a poetological issue at the beginning of Nabokov’s American career. Nabokov highly assesses the “night theme” as a bright example of Turgenev’s style. Landscape images of “Bezhin Lea” are used by the narrator to create and describe fictional worlds. In The Real Life of Sebastian Knight, allusions to Turgenev’s works introduce the theme of otherworldliness as an alternative artistic world with which the characters feel their genetic connection.
Konstantin Balmont’s concept of music and its embodiment in his book of verses A Gift to the Earth
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Mamatov Gleb M.
Published: December 2024

The article is dedicated to the theme of music in Konstantin Balmonts book of verses A Gift to the Earth. I analyze its symbols, mythopoetics, and composition. This theme is primarily described in the poet’s theoretical works, in his books of travels (Sun Power, Snake Flowers, Land of Osiris, “Light-Sound in Nature and The Light Symphony’ of Scriabin”, Poetry like Magic). In Balmonts aesthetical position, music is the cosmogony power, which participates in the creation of the world. It is created by the Sun and the Moon and correlates with the theme of cosmogony, Space, with World Symphony and Global Harmony. In this conception, the role of the Artist is extremely important. He is a son of the Sun and his music has world-creating power. But the Artist-Demiurge must sacrifice himself for this Great Music. Balmonts ideas are connected with his mythopoetic views and with the conception of the younger generation of Russian symbolists (A. Bely and V.I. Ivanov). The Artist is the torn and resurrected God. In Ivanovs poetics, this God is Dionysus; in Balmonts works, it is Osiris. Like in conceptions of Bely and Ivanov, in Balmons art, the world space is constructed from two elements, and at the heart of this world is World Symphony. Balmont repeats central images of the Dionysian conception (wine, grape, death, dance, bacchanal, fire). But Balmont creates his conception based on other ideas. Apollo and Dionysus are transformed into Egyptian proeleptic gods, and music is a divine spirit correlated with nature and heavenly luminaries. World Symphony symbolizes absolute harmony in the eternally transforming world, all parts of which sound in consonance concord. These views find a reflection in the book A Gift to the Earth. Music and Artist are a Divine Spirit, which has lived since the time of Chaos. In this harmony, the opposing elements of the World unite in Global Symphony. The central motif in the book is the sun music, which correlates with Ancient Egyptian myths. The sun and fire create a beautiful melody, which gifts sunlight and sun-sound to the earth. But the departure of the sun into the darkness symbolizes the death of music and the destruction of the world and life of the books character, but the sun power is great and it wins. The image of the sun bell symbolizes the creation of the World and its new life, spring, flowering and fertility. I analyze the composition of A Gift to the Earth, which is close to the leitmotiv structure of Symphony; the composition is dynamic and whirling due to the constantly recurring leitmotivs and the rhythmic structure of the sonnets. This poetical symphonism is pronounced in the sonnet sequence “The Ring”.
“Free” higher school in the Urals at the beginning of the twentieth century: people’s universities in the Russian province
Authors:   Institute of History and Archeology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazakova-Apkarimova Elena Yu.
Published: December 2024

The article considers the history of people’s universities in the Urals at the beginning of the twentieth century, the conditions for their emergence and activity are showed. People’s universities as a form of public educational and cultural work are of significant scientific interest in many respects, contributing to the deepening of scientific ideas about the development of higher education at the turn of the 20th century and in the context of subsequent revolutionary changes in Russian society, as well as in the context of studying the role of civil initiatives and the phenomenon of public activism in the country. The approach to studying the history of peoples universities in the context of expanding the scope of civic activities in Russia as one of the forms of social activism, considering them as non-profit organizations operating on the principles of self-organization, self-government and self-financing is promising in theoretical and methodological terms. The aim of the article is to identify the regional features of these institutions in the Russian province. The source base is fairly representative and includes several types of sources: regulations, periodicals, office documentation and sources of personal origin. The author concludes that people’s universities in the Urals at the beginning of the twentieth century, aimed at popularizing higher education subjects, became an accessible form of enhancing people’s culture (including professional culture), promoting self-education of the general population. These institutions in the Ural region appeared later than in other regions of Russia, operating successfully only in some large cities. The author has identified regional features determined by the importance of public and private initiative in the creation of people’s universities in the Urals, for example, the role of cultural and educational associations, as well as cooperative and regional social movements. As for the peculiarities of studying at public universities, the Ural universities also had an independent choice of subjects to attend, priority of lectures and the provision of notes, the absence of entrance exams and certifications in the learning process. People’s universities in the mining Urals were largely designed for workers and the urban lower classes. The thesis that people’s universities consolidated cultural forces in the Ural city, engaging people in broad cultural and educational activities is substantiated. These public institutions operating in the conditions of socio-political transformations in Russia at the beginning of the twentieth century could not fully realize their potential, many of them quickly ceased their activities for political reasons.
THE INFLUENCE OF TRADITIONS ON THE CREATIVITY OF ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGNERS IN RUSSIA AND CHINA – CONTEXT ANALYSIS AND AUTHORS PROJECTS
Authors:   Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Chang Xiaogeng , Serditov Stepan S. ,   St. Petersburg Stieglitz State Academy of Arts and Design
Published: December 2024

This article explores the phenomenon of using traditional culture in the framework of environmental design as an innovational method. In the introduction authors indicate the ideas of Russian and Chinese scientists and designers who say that tradition can be the conceptional basis of current design projects. In the first part of the work, through the description of author’s project, its objects and items, attention is paid to the relations between Chinese traditional worldview and modern ideas in design, and also between traditional culture, technology and art. The author, referring to such traditional views of the Chinese as “the expression of feelings through the symbolic spiritualization of things”, “oneness of heaven and humanity”, “truth is in simplicity”, shows the concept of the realized project of environmental design called “Original simplicity” (2015) which is a kind of an image for the future home improvement. The second part of the article notes how Russian cultural traditions can influence modern design solutions. The author focuses on the study of the influence of the Russian North culture on design in Russia, describing his own design concept for a tourist complex on the coastal territory of the village of Izhma in the Komi Republic (2020). The conceptual project was formulated on the basis of an algorithm for the application of ethnocultural representations in the framework of design, which consists in the study of ethnocultural codes, the formation of a design concept, analysis of design tasks and the application of traditional artistic images to practical tasks. Despite the fact that the article describes projects related to different cultures, having a different scale and implementation features, they nevertheless reflect a general message about the possibility and necessity of using elements of traditional culture in design, in particular, in conditions of their harmonious coexistence with the modern situation in environmental design. It is tradition and culture as such that can become a connecting link in the formation of a kind of connection or, in other words, “relations” between man and the environment.
Investigation of the visual components of Xwarrah in the Elymais reliefs of Tang-e Sarvak
Authors:   University of Neyshabur, Raiygani Ebrahim , Basafa Hasan ,   University of Neyshabur, Veisi Mahsa ,   Institute for humanities and cultural studies, Kheradmand Nik Marziyeh ,   University of Neyshabur
Published: December 2024

Xwarrah was one of the essential components of the legitimate government in an-cient Iran. Tang-e Sarvaks Elymais reliefs have been one of the places to show the political and religious legitimacy of the local Elymais dynasty. The present study aims to explain the various instances of Xwarrah in Tang-e Sarvak. The necessity of conducting this research is to identify the missing link of Xwarrahs political and religious components. This article has tried to answer the following questions: what are the most important visual components used to portray the Xwarrah in the reliefs of Tang-e Sarvak? what was the purpose of creating such features by the Elymais? As a result, the collection of Tang-e-Sarvak reliefs displayed the political and religious concepts of Xwarrah in the form of some symbols. The present studys data results from authors; survey studies and citation studies, and we have examined them through historical, descriptive analysis.
MODERN DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES APPLICATION IN DECORATIVE AND APPLIED ART RESTORATION
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg Mining University, Kolyada Ekaterina M. , Grudinina Anna M. ,   Saint-Petersburg Mining University
Published: December 2024

The possibility of using modern digital technologies in restoration of decorative and applied art objects are analyzed in current article. From the analysis of publications in European journals, the relevance of the introduction of modern technologies in the restoration of decorative and applied art objects is obvious. The authors used in their research the next articles: “Technical and aesthetic considerations in the conservation of ancient ceramic and terracotta objects in the J Paul Getty museum: five case studies” (Elston M., 1990); “In situ virtual restoration of artifacts by imaging technology” (Qiao C., 2020); “e-Restoration of Faces Appearing In Cultural Heritage Artefacts” (Lanitis A., 2009), etc., which address the application of digital technologies in various fields of restoration, from architecture to decorative arts. The object of presented research was the “Сhest with samples of minerals and rocks from the Kherson province” (1888) from the collection of the St. Petersburg Mining Museum which, according to the inventory, has the following losses: “the coats of arms of Kherson province –Odessa and Nikolaev are lost on the chest”. Previously, the chest was in imperial family collection. The classification of digital restoration methods and perspective of their use in restoration of the cultural value from the point of view of preserving of the object of interest are analyses in this article. It is underlined that these methods should be compliance to the basic principles of restoration (reversibility, difference, etc.). By using as an example of the sculptural composition of the “Chest with samples of minerals and rocks from the Kherson province”, the application of digital technologies as an auxiliary tool and method with a practical orientation is discussed. The method of using modern modeling programs at the stage of collecting information and observing the principle of historicism as an auxiliary tool is described. The method of modeling the lost elements using AutoCAD, Mudbox and Photoshop programs are also presented. Thus, this article provides an example of visual implementation of several methods of modern restoration using digital technologies, in compliance with the laws and principles of traditional restoration. It was concluded, that modern digital and information technologies are promising research methods, but require further study of ways of their wider implementation in restoration processes.
MUSICAL ORNAMENTATION AND ITS USING IN RUSSIAN PIANO WORKS OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19 CENTURY
Authors:   Childrens, Shkolina Marina S. ,   s Music School named after B.G. Pavlikovskaya
Published: December 2024

The article deals with aspects of the embodiment of ornamentation3 in music. The musical arrangement is a special kind of text4 . On the one hand, its essence is manifested in the sound, which materializes in time and space, and on the other hand, in the sphere of sense perceptions, including emotional impressions or experiences, visual images, etc. The associative similarity with some elements of fine art allows revealing a special musical “pattern” by means of which the piano texture acquires ornamental features. The ornamentation means the introduction of ornamentation1 elements into the musical fabric, which is perceived largely on the basis of synesthetic sensations, with the manifestation of stable ornamentation techniques being evident. Based on a certain consistency of ornamentation principles in the works of several composers, it seems possible to identify several types of ornamentation, as well as a number of textural techniques. The ornamentation of the musical texture may be associated with the realization of different artistic tasks. As a consequence it has a certain functional meaning. The purpose of this article is to consider individual ornamentation techniques, which have formed in the practice of European music-making, and their application in Russian piano works of the first half of the 19th century. The author compares the peculiarities of ornamentation in the fine arts and music, identifying the stable techniques, typical for each of the arts, and considers them on the examples of piano works from a particular historical period.
DECORATIONS OF WOODEN HOUSES AND OLD BELIEVER MANUSCRIPTS OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX – BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURIES: TO THE QUESTION OF THE COMMONALITY OF COMPOSITIONAL ELEMENTS
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Anufrieva Natalia V.
Published: December 2024

In the diversity of the ornamental decoration of the Old Believer handwritten literary artefacts, one can distinguish stable stylistic trends and book design techniques that have developed in the regions where the Old Believer population is densely populated. In addition, in the book decoration of the late Cyrillic manuscript tradition, there are a lot of original elements that do not fit the description of traditional forms of well-known ornamental styles. Such book decorations, as a rule, are designated as authors. One of the variants of the authors solutions in the manuscript decoration is the use of motifs of folk arts and crafts. The purpose of this study is to determine a connection between the art of decorating Old Believer manuscripts and one of the areas of folk arts and crafts – house painting and carving of the second half of the 19th – beginning of the 20th centuries. The source base is the Old Believer ornamented manuscripts of that time, which are stored in the Repository of the Ural Federal University’s Laboratory of Archaeographical Studies. Using the method of comparative analysis of the ornamental decoration of Old Believer manuscripts and elements of external paintings of wooden houses (gables, the space under the roof around the upper window and the closing of the eaves overhang, etc.), we managed to find similarities and a common symbolic component, the meaning of which was to demonstrate the strength and well-being of the house, reliable protection, and also showed the dream of beautiful gardens of Eden. Book decor with such motifs can be seen more often in singing manuscripts, where the beauty of the musical text was reinforced by the rich colors of the drawings of the Divine abodes. The ornamented initials of the manuscripts are often very close to the expressive tracery in house paintings. Novelty in the methods of designing a handwritten book in the second half of the 19th – beginning of the 20th centuries consisted in rapprochement with the folk arts and crafts of painting and wood carving. If in an earlier period book decoration was distinguished by some “elitism”, since it had its own strict stylistic and typical features, its own schemes and rules of construction and occupied a separate niche in the art of the book, now it has come close to folk crafts, reflecting the brightness, beauty and immediacy of a folk art. A new step in the study of the ornamentation of manuscripts of the late tradition became the study of its connection with the art of house painting and woodcarving. The study of this type of ornamental decoration will allow us to take a broader look at the problem of Cyrillic literacy, which is closely related to other types of art, and will also provide an opportunity to see and fully appreciate the creative potential of Old Believer scribes.
CONSTRUCTING IMAGES OF “OWN/ALIEN” IN POSTS ABOUT THE 2024 OLYMPICS IN CHINESE SOCIAL NETWORKS
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Budenkova Valeriya E. , Kraevskaia Irina O. ,   Tomsk Polytechnic University
Published: December 2024

The study is aimed on showing up the features of the “own” and “alien” images formation in the content of Chinese social networks dedicated to the 2024 Olympics, and to analyze how the phenomenon of post-truth manifests itself in this process. The material for the study was posts on the Weibo network 微博, selected by the artificial intelligence of the mobile version of the application by the most popular hashtag, which is put by users discussing the 2024 Olympics. It is also worth noting that the data collected by artificial intelligence is updated in real time, which makes it difficult to record information. In addition, there is a limitation on the ability to save links to posts for further use in third-party messengers. Content can only be shared within the application or through Chinese social networks. It was found that the traditional boundaries between these images of “own” and “alien” are blurred, especially in the context of the presence of various foreign organizations accounts on the platform and the threat of their blocking in the case of negativity towards China. The desire of foreign profiles not to provoke the wrath of Chinese users leads to the neutralization of the image of the “alien” Chinese athletes or even to presenting them in a positive way. Chinese accounts also avoid emotionally charged vocabulary, mentioning both their own and foreign athletes. The images constructed by both types of accounts show similarities in the joy of the victories of “own” athletes. The study confirms the thesis about the need for foreign users to adapt content according to the rules of Chinese social networks in order to avoid a negative reaction, which demonstrates the mechanism of post-truth action and blurs the images of “own” and “alien”. Нere the post-truth phenomenon manifests itself in the fact that accounts present information in such a way that it corresponds to the official course and national values. Besides that, artificial intelligence plays a leading role in the selection of posts, which, following certain algorithms, filters content, cutting off the negative publications. As a result users receive filtered, positive content, removing the opportunity to know the alternative opinions, and the information space becoming saturated with post-truth. It also erases the boundaries between the images of “own” and “alien”, forming a new perception based on a one-sided and carefully edited presentation of information.
COLLECTIONS OF ART CAST IRON KUSA IN THE MUSEUMS OF THE URALS
Authors:   Industrial University of Tyumen, Bagapova Nadezhda V.
Published: December 2024

The paper examines the decorative and applied arts cultural heritage of the Urals – Kusa cast iron art, which existed in the 1860s–2004. The art’s stylistic features and the range were defined in its high period in pre-revolution time. The fact that Kusa plant presented fine art products at major national and international science and art exhibitions promoted the recognition of Kusa cast iron art. This study is aimed at identifying art products in Ural museum collections, presenting Kusa cast iron art as a unique artistic phenomenon, and demonstrating the variety of styles, themes, stylistic and plastic solutions of Kusa cast iron art. Ural museum collections still hold extensive collections of Kusa cast iron, demonstrating unique first art pieces of the pre-revolutionary period, as well as of the Soviet period and modern time. Six Ural museums with the largest and most significant collections of Kusa cast iron artwork are as follows (in the author’s opinion): Museum and Local Lore Center, Municipal Public Institution of Culture (31 pieces), Zlatoust City Museum of Local Lore, Municipal Public Institution of Culture (134 pieces); Chelyabinsk State Museum of Fine Arts, Institution of Culture (165 pieces); State Historical Museum of the South Urals, Regional State Public Institution of Culture (108 pieces); Yekaterinburg Museum of Fine Arts, Municipal Autonomous Institution of Culture (84 pieces), Sverdlovsk Regional Museum of Local Lore (54 pieces). The oldest collection (by the date of establishment and issue) of cast iron art is showcased in the Yekaterinburg Museum of Fine Arts, Sverdlovsk Regional Museum of Local Lore. The collection Yekaterinburg Museum of Fine Arts is attributed and published in a catalog. Ural museum collections feature unique and rare exhibits, reflecting the diversity of themes, plastic and artistic solutions, skills and craftsmanship of sculptors and Kusa craftsmen.
UNUSUAL VARIANTS FOR THE FORMATION OF THE ATTRIBUTIVE SET OF NOTABLE GRANDEES IN OLD EGYPTIAN TOMB RELIEFS
Authors:   Gorno-Altaisk State University, Kulikov Fyodor I.
Published: December 2024

This paper considers the functioning mechanism of the Egyptian private tomb of the Old Kingdom as a system of architectural and pictorial components. The wall reliefs depicting economic activities, rituals, and everyday life of the inhabitants of the Nile Valley are of greatest interest to Egyptologists and culturologists. However, when studying this rich material, one must take into account that its selection, content, and methods of depiction are significantly correlated with the purpose of the burial itself and the specific ideas of the Egyptians about the mechanism of its functioning. In order to maintain the existence of the customer’s Double, the Egyptian artist sought to create in his tomb a system of graphic and architectural components, the elements of which interact with each other on several levels, using the principles of allusion and combination of iconographic forms. The paper studies the mechanisms of correlation between the components of the level system “iconography of a large image of the owner – the content of the scene located nearby”, thus the previously stated hypothesis of a direct interdependence between them is confirmed. The work used the publications from more than a hundred tombs from Giza, Saqqara, and Deshashe. The analysis carried out allows us to assert that the attribute set of a nobleman can be formed by an artist in several atypical ways. In particular, it can be supplemented by the nobleman’s entourage – a son, a priest, servants, who either carry in their hands the objects the nobleman needs, or hand them to the nobleman, or include in their iconography the elements necessary for the nobleman – the nobleman’s belt and of the priest-reader’s ribbon. Sometimes the artist combined plots of different content in one scene, which prompted him to combine the items and elements of clothing into the attributive set of the nobleman, which the owner used in real life, but at different times and in different places. The artist could include the socalled “dual-used” objects in the nobleman’s attribute set: to depict a prison or a stalk of reeds as a staff or as a wand in the scene of the nobleman swimming in a reed boat. Thanks to this, the functionality of the image of the owner of the burial was expanded, and the correlation between the iconography of the nobleman and the scene, necessary for the functioning of the tomb, was established.