bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vehicle Plate Recognition using Template Matching
Authors: Siahaan Andysah Putera Utama
Published: November 2018

Vehicle plate is a marker of vehicle ownership. This plate is a unique number that cannot be the same for each vehicle. It consists of numbers and letters which represent or symbolize a particular area. Vehicle plate detection aims to find information related to the ownership of the vehicle. It is beneficial if applied to traffic intersections or to find information in the event of a traffic accident. The template matching method is a suitable method used to check vehicle plate patterns with data already stored in the vehicle database. The use of this method is excellent in helping to reduce crime and traffic accidents that often occur. If the system is well established, then people will not carelessly commit crime or hit and run on the road because the speed of vehicle license recognition is faster than the speed of someone to escape from the crime that just happened.
Design of Adaptive Compression Algorithm Elias Delta Code and Huffman
Authors: Siahaan Andysah Putera Utama
Published: November 2018

Compression aims to reduce data before storing or moving it into storage media. Huffman and Elias Delta Code are two algorithms used for the compression process in this research. Data compression with both algorithms is used to compress text files. These two algorithms have the same way of working. It starts by sorting characters based on their frequency, binary tree formation and ends with code formation. In the Huffman algorithm, binary trees are formed from leaves to roots and are called tree-forming from the bottom up. In contrast, the Elias Delta Code method has a different technique. Text file compression is done by reading the input string in a text file and encoding the string using both algorithms. The compression results state that the Huffman algorithm is better overall than Elias Delta Code.
A Review of the GPS Tracker GT06N as the Vehicle Tracking Device
Authors: Siahaan Andysah Putera Utama
Published: November 2018

The development of the era improves electronic technology to support human needs for transportation. Many vehicles created have the latest and most sophisticated features. The growth of vehicle production is increasing. One of them is a motorized vehicle. It also affects criminal acts that will increase, such as cases of vehicle theft. Motor vehicle theft cases often occur. It is because there is still a lack of security systems contained in the vehicle. Even though the vehicle is equipped with an anti-theft system, this does not affect theft. Generally, motorized vehicles currently only use dual and electric keys. The importance of a tracking device to see the location of the car will be very influential to monitor the existence of the vehicle. Tools such as GPS Tracker are one that can be used to reduce the theft of a vehicle. This review will discuss GT06N during installation in a vehicle. This GPS can help vehicle owners always be aware of the existence of vehicles anywhere, whether from SMS or the Internet. GT06N already supports real-time location with excellent accuracy.
Least Significant Bit Comparison between 1-bit and 2-bit Insertion
Authors: Siahaan Andysah Putera Utama
Published: November 2018

Steganography can be used to secure secret messages. Steganography works by hiding valuable information in an accommodating medium. The media used is an image. In inserting information into a media, there are several techniques that can be used. The technique used is Least Significant Bit (LSB). It works by manipulating the last bit on each pixel. This bit will be replaced by a row of bits in the information. Each character in the information consists of 8 bits. And each bit will be inserted in each pixel in the image. A character needs 8 pixels to store information. The pixel sequence is RGBRGBRG. This study discusses insertion comparisons if carried out with 1-bit and 2-bit. Both image results will be tested for feasibility. MSE and PSNR will be applied and compared to the original image. MSE and PSNR test results say that 1-bit LSB is superior in terms of the image while 2-bit LSB is superior in terms of information size. For small information, it is better to use 1-bit LSB and large information will be inserted using 2-bit LSB.
Strategies in Developing Horse Breeding with Socio - Cultural Concept in the Regency of Sumba Barat Daya
Authors: Randu Melkianus D S
Published: November 2018

The objective of this study is to formulate alternate strategies in developing horse breeding that hassocio-cultural concept in the Regency of Sumba Barat Daya through evaluation on its internal and externalfactors. The data were collected from November 2015 to July 2016. Survey was held on 27 experts who wereselected purposively. Analyzing tool being used is SWOT. The results of the research show that the position ofhorse breeding with socio-cultural concept in the Regency of Sumba Barat Daya is on the first quadrant, thatis to say growth oriented strategy. Therefore, the application of SO strategy using the internal strength ofRegency of Sumba Barat Daya is needed to gain all benefits from the external opportunity in horse breedingdevelopment.
The Social Neuroscience of Cooperation
Authors: Van Bavel Jay Joseph
Published: November 2018

We review literature from several fields to describe common experimental tasks used to measure human cooperation as well as the theoretical models that have been used to characterize cooperative decision-making, as well as brain regions implicated in cooperation. Building on work in neuroeconomics, we suggest a value-based account may provide the most powerful understanding the psychology and neuroscience of group cooperation. We also review the role of individual differences and social context in shaping the mental processes that underlie cooperation and consider gaps in the literature and potential directions for future research on the social neuroscience of cooperation. We suggest that this multi-level approach provides a more comprehensive understanding of the mental and neural processes that underlie the decision to cooperate with others.
Microdosing Psychedelics: Personality, mental health, and creativity differences in microdosers
Authors: Anderson Thomas , Petranker Rotem , Rosenbaum Daniel , Weissman Cory , Dinh-Williams Le-Anh , Hui Katrina , Hapke Emma , Farb Norman A. S.
Published: November 2018

Microdosing psychedelics - the regular consumption of small amounts of psychedelic substances such as LSD or psilocybin - is a growing trend in popular culture. Recent studies on full-dose psychedelic psychotherapy reveal promising benefits for mental well-being, especially for depression and end-of-life anxiety. While full-dose therapies include perception-distorting properties, microdosing may provide complementary clinical benefits using lower-risk, non-hallucinogenic doses. No experimental study has evaluated psychedelic microdosing, however; this pre-registered study is the first to investigate microdosing psychedelics and mental health. Recruited from online forums, current and former microdosers scored lower on measures of dysfunctional attitudes and negative emotionality and higher on wisdom, open-mindedness, and creativity when compared to non-microdosing controls. These findings provide promising initial evidence that warrants controlled experimental research to directly test safety and clinical efficacy. As microdoses are easier to administer than full-doses, this new paradigm has the exciting potential to shape future psychedelic research.
The Global Platform Economy: A New Offshoring Institution Enabling Emerging-Economy Microproviders
Authors: Lehdonvirta Vili , Kässi Otto , Hjorth Isis , Barnard Helena , Graham Mark
Published: November 2018

Global online platforms match firms with service providers around the world, in services ranging from software development to copywriting and graphic design. Unlike in traditional offshore outsourcing, service providers are predominantly one-person microproviders located in emerging-economy countries not necessarily associated with offshoring and often disadvantaged by negative country images. How do these microproviders survive and thrive? We theorize global platforms through transaction cost economics (TCE), arguing that they are a new technology-enabled offshoring institution that emerges in response to cross-border information asymmetries that hitherto prevented microproviders from participating in offshoring markets. To explain how platforms achieve this, we adapt signaling theory to a TCE-based model and test our hypotheses by analyzing 6 months of transaction records from a leading platform. To help interpret the results and generalize them beyond a single platform, we introduce supplementary data from 107 face-to-face interviews with microproviders in Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Individuals choose microprovidership when it provides a better return on their skills and labor than employment at a local (offshoring) firm. The platform acts as a signaling environment that allows microproviders to inform foreign clients of their quality, with platform-generated signals being the most informative signaling type. Platform signaling disproportionately benefits emerging-economy providers, allowing them to partly overcome the effects of negative country images and thus diminishing the importance of home country institutions. Global platforms in other factor and product markets likely promote cross-border microbusiness through similar mechanisms.
A Study of Citation Motivations in HCI Research
Authors: Beck Jordan , Sandbulte Jomara , Neupane Bikalpa , Carroll John M.
Published: November 2018

What paper should be cited where, and why? Gaining insight into citation practices in HCI can enrich our understanding of the structure of research, as well as social and political factors that influence knowledge production. Recent research into HCI citation practices have identified problematic trends: inaccurate citing and a lack of critical citations. Directly investigating authors' motivations for citing can provide a fuller picture of citation practices. It can help us understand HCI research as a social system and develop a theory of citing. We report an interview study designed to identify authors' motivations to cite. We found three primary motivations: affirming personal relationships, building intellectual narratives, and serving strategic objectives. We discuss our findings from a social constructivist perspective of citation practices. In addition, we explore how these findings can strengthen efforts to write CHI papers. Finally, we outline steps to develop a theory of citing in HCI research.
Peer Review Initiatives in Nepal
Authors: Hamal Pawan Kumar , Dangal Ganesh
Published: November 2018

N/A
Outcome of Sacrospinous Ligament Fixation of the Vault during Repair of Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Authors: Dangal Ganesh , Poudel Rekha , Shrestha Ranjana , Karki Aruna , Pradhan Hema Kumari , Bhattachan Kabin , Bajracharya Nishma
Published: November 2018

Background: Pelvic organ prolapse includes descent of anterior/ posterior wall and apical (vault) prolapse with significant morbidity. In this study we evaluated the outcome of sacrospinous ligament fixation of vault through vaginal approach as part of the repair for massive uterovaginal (pelvic organ prolapse stage III and stage IV) and vault prolapse.Methods: This study on sacrospinous ligament fixation along with repair for Pelvic organ prolapse at Kathmandu Model Hospital from November 2016 to April 2018 was done to assess the outcome in terms of early (during hospital stay) and delayed (six months) post-operative complications and need of removal of sacrospinous fixation suture and recurrence of vault prolapse. Results: Out of 95 Pelvic organ prolapse patients, 80 (84%) were post-menopausal, 28 (29.4%) were in the age group of 70-79 years. There were 61 (64%) POPQ stage III. The post-operative complications during post-operative hospital stay were pain over right buttock in 42 (44%), urinary retention in 7 (7%) and UTI in7 (7%). Sacrospinous suture was released in two patients for severe pain over right buttock. At one-week follow-up, 35 (36%) had right buttock pain of moderate severity and 8 (8%) had vaginal cuff infection. Sacrospinous suture was removed in one patient for neuropraxia two weeks following surgery. At four weeks follow-up, 25 (26%) patients had mild right buttock pain relieved by oral NSAIDs on need. At six months follow-up, five had occasional buttock pain, six had some recurrences and two had some vault prolapse and one each had short vagina and stress incontinence. Conclusions: Sacrospinous ligament fixation is a good procedure for the management of Pelvic organ prolapse with better long-term outcome if performed with good surgical expertise.
Free Newborn Care Services: A New Initiative in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Gambhir , Paudel Prajwal , Shrestha Parashu Ram , Jnawali Shambhu Prasad , Jha Deepak , Ojha Tek Raj , Lamichhane Bikash
Published: November 2018

Background: Nepal has made a significant progress in reducing child mortality. However, the annual rate of reduction in neonatal mortality is not satisfactory. As safeguarded by constitution of Nepal and to address neonatal mortality due to poverty and inequity, government has introduced free newborn care (FNC) package. This study aims to assess the status of FNC services in all the public hospitals.Methods: Child Health Division organized 5 workshops region-wise with the theme of newborn care services in March/April 2018 to cover all the public hospitals in the country. A template was designed comprising of duration of FNC implementation, number of newborns admitted since implementation, morbidities pattern, and number of babies served. It was circulated and all hospitals were advised to fill it and present in the review. Later, the data were compiled and analyzed.Results: Only 58 presentations out of 93 participated hospitals were included in this study. The total admitted cases were 8564 newborns. The common causes of admission were neonatal sepsis (44.5%) followed by asphyxia (14.29%) and hyperbilirubinemia (11.4%). A total of 1573 neonates received services of FNC package C, 3722 package B, 3081 received package A. The main challenges faced in implementation reported were lack of infrastructure and human resources to provide services and the reimbursement is not enough.Conclusions: Free newborn care is a new initiative taken to reduce neonatal mortality. This package is very helpful to serve sick newborns. However, the package should be revised taking into consideration the appropriate reimbursement and extra staffs to provide this service.
Endobronchial Ultrasoud Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
Authors: Dhungana Ashesh , Shrestha Prajowl , Shrestha Kiran , Shah Shristi , Karki Pratikchya , Upreti Harish Chandra
Published: November 2018

Evaluation of mediastinal lymphadenopathy is often challenging. Endobronchial Ultrasound (EBUS) is a novel technique which provides real time sonographic guidance during Transbronchial Needle Aspiration (TBNA) from mediastinal and hilar lesions. A 60-year-old smoker presented with two months history of cough and chest pain on the right side. CT thorax revealed a right upper lobe spiculated mass with paratracheal (Station 4R) and subcarinal (Station 7) lymph nodes. Bronchoscopy did not reveal any endobronchial mass. Since EBUS-TBNA is superior to conventional TBNA for malignant mediastinal node, an EBUS- TBNA was performed from both lymph node stations. . Cytopathology and histopathology revealed non-small cell lung cancer. We hereby report the first use of EBUS-TBNA in Nepal, in a patient with lung cancer and mediastinallymphadenopathy.
Missing Intrauterine Device Copper-T: Case Series
Authors: Thapa Shekhar , Dangal Ganesh , Karki Aruna , Pradhan Hema Kumari , Shrestha Ranjana , Bhattachan Kabin , Pokharel Shreesiya , Paudel Rekha , Bajracharya Nishma
Published: November 2018

An intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) is a long acting, highly effective, economic and reversible method of contraception used worldwide. The most used devices are copper IUD (Copper-T) or Progesterone IUD. Common complications include failed insertion, pain, vasovagal reactions, infection, menstrual abnormalities, expulsion and rarely uterine embedment and perforation. In this case series we will discuss three cases of missing Copper-T. In one case Copper T was inserted at our hospital and in the other cases it was inserted in the periphery and all the cases was managed surgically with different modality. Keywords:  Copper-T; Intrauterine device; laparoscopy; laparotomy; perforation.
Maxillary Anterior Teeth Proportions for Creating Esthetically Pleasuring Smile in Nepalese Patients
Authors: Rokaya Dinesh , Humagain Manoj , Amornvit Pokpong
Published: November 2018

N/A
Main tendencies of climate factors changes within Kuyalnik Liman drainage basin
Authors: Daus M.E. , Loboda N.S.
Published: November 2018

Problem. Global climate changes, which are observed over the last decades, influencing the formation of modern hydrological regime of the Kuyalnik Liman. In the paper for the detection of major trends of these changes the natural climatic factors (temperature, precipitation) are evaluated.

The purpose of investigation is assessment of changes in major climatic factors of flow formation, namely precipitation and air temperature for the year, warm and cold periods on the basis of meteorological stations data within the catchment the Kuyalnik Liman and adjacent areas during the period 1900-2012.

Research methods are methods of statistical processing of the initial information. Analysis of changes in climatic factors was occurred on the base of comparing data before and after year 1989 (beginning of observations - 1988, 1989-2012).

Main results. The average annual temperature for the period 1989-2012 on the all the weather stations are increased from 0,8°C (Rozdelnaya) to 1,1°C (Odessa, Lyubashevka) compared with the previous observational period (1951-1988). During the warm season - from April to October – on all the weather stations average temperature are increased on 0,7°C, on the station Odessa - on 1,0°C. In the period 1989-2012 from November to March on all the weather stations the average temperature are increased on 1,0 - 2,0°C (relative to the previous estimated range).

On chronological graphs of average year temperatures, in the warm and cold seasons upward trend in air temperatures are marked. In the cold period transition in average temperatures from negative to positive means are eventuated.

Data review on all the meteorological stations revealed that temperature trends for the year, warm and cold periods are characterized by statistically significant correlation coefficients.

For the average annual precipitation for the period 1989-2012 statistically significant trends are not found. In the cold period reducing of the amounts of precipitation are dominated, in the warm period growth tendencies are observed.

Conclusions. Trends in changes of climatic factors on the watershed the Kuyalnik Liman indicate the unfavorable conditions of the flow formation. Rising of air temperatures of cold season promote the thaws formation and reduce the discharge and volume of spring floods. Increasing of air temperatures of warm period led to growth of evaporation from the land surface, especially from water surface of reservoirs. These losses are not recompense by the increasing of precipitation. So, on the catchment the Kuyalnik Liman climatic conditions that reduce the water resources are formed.
Impact of climate changes on water resources of Kuialnyk Liman catchment in scenario climate conditions
Authors: Loboda N.S. , Bozhok Y.V.
Published: November 2018

The actuality of research is conditioned by necessity of water regime determination under climate change for substantiate management its water resources in future. The purpose of investigation is evaluation of changes in water resources of Kuyalnyk Liman catchment under climate change.

The main method of research is model "climate- runoff ", developed at the Odessa State Environmental University. Database of global climate change scenarios A1B (realized in regional climate model REMO) and A2 (developed under the regional climate model RCA) was used.

The analysis of fluctuation regularity of climatic factors of the flow formation on the Kuyalnyk  Liman catchment and surrounding areas according to selected scenarios using  difference-integral curves are done. Changes in precipitation and the maximum possible evaporation for the 30-year intervals up to the year 2100 (scenario A1D) or up to the year 2050 (scenario A2) are analyzed. The main tendencies in water resources of Kuyalnyk Liman using the model "climate- runoff" in the future are established. It is shown that according to the scenario A1B by the middle of XXI century possible reduction of water resources in the Kuyalnyk Liman catchment is 40%. According to the scenario A2 water resources in northern part of the basin can grow on average by 20-30%, and in the southern part runoff can be reduced on average by 10%.
The distribution of biogenic substances in waters of the North Atlantic
Authors: Moniushko M.M.
Published: November 2018

The article considers the main regularities of distribution of  biogenic elements in accordance with the dissolved oxygen and hydrological characteristics of the marine environment. To study the spatial distribution of biogenic elements taken three main forms of substances in the marine environment: phosphates, nitrates, silicates. Because these compounds in ocean are crucial importance for the development of life. Shows the role of  hydrodynamic factors that most significantly affect the distribution and redistribution of  nutrients in the waters of the North Atlantic. Quantitative evaluation of the nutrient transport system of currents. The calculated weight amount of  phosphates transported by the stream per unit time.
Calculation of wind speed in the 300-meter lower layer of the atmosphere based on the meteorological observations taking account of temperature stratification and surface roughness
Authors: Stepanenko S.N. , Voloshin V.G. , Kuryshina V. Yu.
Published: November 2018

Introduction. Taking into account relationship of wind profile power-law exponent (m) from hydrostatic stability of the layer and surface roughness the calculation method of wind speed and direction in the lower 300-meter layer of the atmosphere based on the meteorological observations is proposed.

Problem. For many applied engineering problems, for example, for the design of high-rise construction and operation of wind power plants the wind and temperature profile data in the lower 300-meter layer are required. In the design, the main objective is to determine the peak wind loads and influences on objects.

Research  methods. The calculations were carried out using the energy-balance model of the atmospheric surface layer, SLEB, based on standard meteorological information. The model is built on the basis of Monin-Obukhov similarity. To determine spatial variability of wind and temperature hydrostatic stability of the atmosphere and the dynamic properties of the underlying surface are taken into account.

Purpose. The aim of the study is to develop a method of calculation of changes in wind speed and direction in the lower 300-m layer of the atmosphere using the wind profile power law based on the standard surface meteorological information.

Results of the study. Relationships of non-dimensional wind profile power-law exponent from hydrostatic stability of the layer and surface roughness, obtained with the SLEB model, allowed building function graphics for different observation times and months. All calculated values agree with the known experimental and theoretical data very well.
Effect of forestry of the southern Ukraine on the regulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
Authors: Dronova O.O. , Kuznetsova J.O.
Published: November 2018

The article describes Tsyurupinsk Forest Hunting Range as the most powerful natural ecosystem having an effect on regulation of technology-related processes, namely on reduction of carbon dioxide stress on the environment. Needles of Scots pine and Crimean pine serve as the object of research. Needles were selected from pine trees occupying the largest areas of growth with regard to age class. The studies were conducted using the gasometrical method. The chosen method is based on measuring the rate of absorption of carbon dioxide by needles. Measurement of areas of examined portions of pine trees took place as well. The role of forests for dry steppe subzone of Ukraine was also determined. Data of photosynthesis process occurring in needles of coniferous woods prevailing with respect to areas of growth are demonstrated. The analysis for study of dynamics of carbon dioxide absorption in September – November of 2015 is presented. The most favourable periods of the process of absorption of CO2 are described with a certain decline noted. It has been proved that intensity of absorption of carbon dioxide by needles of Crimean pine is almost twice more than absorption of carbon dioxide by needles of Scots pine.
Water quality estimation at the gauge station of the Ingulets River, town of Snigurivka, by hydrochemical parameters
Authors: Shakhman I.A. , Loboda N.S.
Published: November 2018

The article contains the results of water quality estimation by hydrochemical parameters at the gauge station of the Ingulets River, town of Snigurivka, during the observation period of  2001-2014 based on modern calculation methods. The analysis of anthropogenic factors affecting change of quality of surface water of the Ingulets River was used. It was found that by hydrochemical parameters waters are mostly "contaminated", "very contaminated", or "catastrophically contaminated". River flow appears to be the main source of water supply for the population and the economy. There is an acute deficit of water in the South of Ukraine. Because of use of rivers for economic activity of  Mykolaiv region estimation of the ecological state of the Ingulets River should be carried out. Starting from 2010 a tendency of quality improvement via reducing of petroleum products concentration was discovered. Dynamics of changes pollutants’ concentration shows a decrease of petroleum products’ concentration but over the last years the chemical composition of water in the river has not significantly improved, ability of the river to cleanse and restore itself does not re-turn. The ecological state of the river is characterized as an ecological regress. There is a necessity of further research using modern methods of complex estimation of surface waters sources’ quality.
Influence of macrostructure of the hydrometeors on a radar measurement of polarization-doppler weather radars
Authors: Velmiskin D. I. , Limonov A. S , Pustovit T. M. , Diachenco E.A. , Buchinskaya I. V.
Published: November 2018

Possibility of determining models of structures of different hydrometeors and models of their reflectivity with regard to radio-waves was presented. To determine the scaling factor of size distribution of incident particles it is necessary to use horizontal reflective capability, all reflected features of signal can be used to define an average particle size of precipitation and dispersion coefficient. However, the most susceptible characteristics, namely, differential reflective capability and linear depolarization ratio should be chosen. Hence one has an appropriate algorithm processing of a reflected signal. Models of radio-waves reflectivity considering hydrometeors’ microstructure at different stages of their existence were developed to ensure a forecast of meteorological situation changes. The results demonstrate that the use of polarization Doppler meteorological radar stations significantly improve accuracy of assessment of danger caused by meteorological formations.
On structure of dynamic features of the lower layer of the atmosphere at low cloudiness
Authors: Hrushevskiy O. N. , Yeshanu O. Ye. , Mishchenko N. M.
Published: November 2018

Low cloudiness is one of the most important factors of a flight meteorological situation determining safety of aircrafts landing. The majority of publications devoted to the problem of stratiform cloudiness focus main attention on either studying of quantitative parameters of heat and moisture advection or typification of synoptic processes leading to its emergence and evolution. Therefore the main goal of the article consists in study of the spatiotemporal structure of dynamic features of the clouds-containing layer. Using the example of weather conditions causing air traffic disruption at Odessa International Airport, the article studies spatiotemporal structure of dynamic features of the lower layer of the atmosphere at the time of low cloudiness formation and its degradation. Complex usage of GFS model data with high resolution and data of actual observations with regard to cloudiness ceiling ensured obtaining conclusions about the nature of circulation conditions during its evolution. In particular, usage of time series helped to determine that vorticity and its features do not significantly affect low cloudiness formation unlike divergence and its vertical gradient. The conclusions obtained are confirmed via drafting of spatial vertical cross sections through the regions with minimum cloudiness ceiling. Quantitative and qualitative assessments of dynamic structure of the lower layer of the atmosphere at the time of low cloudiness formation may be used when developing criteria and parameters for its forecast.
Radiation-and-temperature resources of the steppe zone in Ukraine under the climate change conditions in the period of up to 2050
Authors: Polevoy А. N. , Shabliy O. V.
Published: November 2018

Indices of the radiation-and-temperature regime in the Steppe zone of Ukraine in the period of 1986 through 2005, as compared to the expected changes in these indices, calculated in accordance with the two climate change scenarios, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, for the period of up to 2050, are under consideration in the paper. RCP4.5 is a scenario of stabilization of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere, while RCP8.5 is the one of very high greenhouse gas emissions. To characterize the radiation and thermal resources in the Steppe zone of Ukraine in the period of 1986 through 2005 (the basic period), and the change in the period of 2021 through 2050 calculations of average long-term values for the first group of environmental factors were performed: the duration of daytime, the total daily solar radiation, the intensity of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), the accumulated PAR, the radiation balance of the vegetation cover, and the temperature regime. The following principal agro-climatic characteristics of the temperature regime were considered: dates of stable rise of the air temperature above 0, 5, 10, 15 °C in spring and autumn, duration of the period with air temperatures above 0, 5, 10, 15 °C, the accumulated positive air temperatures for the period with air temperatures above 0, 5, 10, 15 °C, the average air temperature in January and July, and the amplitude.

It is pointed out that in the period of up to 2050, according to the calculations in both scenarios, increased indices of the radiation-and-temperature regime will be observed. The values of the radiation regime parameters will predominantly increase in late summer and early autumn. As a result of the inflow of increased accumulated solar radiation, the accumulated temperatures in the period with air temperatures above 5 °C will also rise. The expected increase in the accumulated temperatures will nevertheless not exceed 200 °C. A rise in the total temperature will contribute to better heat supply for the crops.
Technologies of making meteorological weather forecasts implemented in the Hydrometeorological Department of the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Sumak E. N.
Published: November 2018

The article describes the methods of making short-term weather forecasts and storm warnings in the Hydrometeorological Department of the Republic of Belarus using different sources of in-formation (monitoring of synoptic situation, use of various satellite information, radar data etc.). It presents information about an observation network operating in the country (upper-air and surface observations). It also indicates the aims and results of the BALTRAD project resulting in creation of a modern, real-time meteorological radar network which connects the Republic of Belarus and the countries of Baltic region. The article contains short information about use of numerical weather forecasting models, in particular, the mesoscale model WRF-ARW which runs on the cluster system available in the Hydrometeorological Department. The GFS model data (0.25° increment) are used as a source of input data for modelling. Once launched the WRF model generates a forecast with advance time of 48 hours while time resolution of output data is equal to 1 hour. Calculation is performed as per "nested grids" with two domains having spatial resolution of 15 and 3 km which provides detailed information and enables making forecasts of local phenomena. Special attention is paid to products of the department of meteorological forecasts, especially to the hydrometeorological bulletin for the President with its structure being specified. The risk gradations are shown and characterized with allocation of colour codes based thereon in order to introduce respective forecast meteorological products: the weather is not dangerous ("green"); the weather is potentially dangerous ("yellow"); the weather is dangerous ("orange"); the weather is very dangerous ("red").

The article specifies current problems arising during conduction of hydrometeorological activities and the ways they can be solved as indicated in the Strategy for Development of Hydrometeorological and Environmental Monitoring Activities in the Republic of Belarus until 2030.
Convective phenomena forecasting based on output data of numerical models available in the Hydrometeorological Centre of the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Prokharenya M. I.
Published: November 2018

In the article you can read about the methods used for forecasting convective processes by means of output products of numerical models with various spatial resolution. It presents the methods for forecasting convective phenomena applied in the Hydrometeorological Centre of the Republic of Belarus. The state of the atmosphere affected by intensive convection over the territory of the Republic of Belarus on July 13, 2016 is analyzed. The categorial evaluation of the thunderstorm forecasting methods by G.D. Reshetov and I.A. Slavin is specified with the respective results presented. The article analyzes the forecast of convective phenomena conducted with the help of the non-hydrostatic regional model WRF-ARW.

Use of convective instability indices and calculation methods can facilitate convective phenomena forecasting. The advantage of their use consists in possibility of their application within the areas not covered by aerological sounding. However, selection of indicators of instability and methods of thunderstorm and other dangerous phenomena forecasting depends on features of an area under study and this requires further research.

To ensure more accurate convective phenomena forecasting it is necessary to consider radar, satellite and aerological observations when conducting numerical model calculations. The results of the research showed that convective phenomena forecasting requires use of models with a high spatial resolution.
Monitoring the solar energy resources of Ukraine
Authors: Rybchenko L. S. , Savchuk S. V.
Published: November 2018

Amid political and, consequently, economic and environmental problems engulfing Ukraine one of the today's challenges consists in studying the possibility of use of natural potential of renewable energy sources. Resources of solar radiation have no negative impact on the natural environment and human activity. Therefore development of helioenergetics and at the same time climatic substantiation of solar power plants use research become more and more important. The purpose of this article is to evaluate of the solar radiation potential opportunities for implementation of technical innovations within the territory of Ukraine and to identify prospects of helioenergetics development. Special indicators of solar radiation components for 1961-1990 s are showed. Using the method of mathematical statistics we defined a value of direct solar radiation contribution forming a part of the total radiation for the warm season (April-September). During the period of 1991-2015 an increase of solar radiation climatic resources relative to climatological standard norm of 1961-1990 was revealed. Over 2001-2015 annual direct and total solar radiation values increased even more in comparison to 1991-2000. Increase of duration of sunshine was also observed. Due to changes of radiation characteristics special indicators of solar for 1991-2015 were specified. The prospects of solar radiation use in helioenergetics proved their feasibility in Crimea, steppe zone, eastern part of forest-steppe zone and even in some parts of Polissya. Comparing to previous years, in terms of sunshine duration over 2000 hours per annum the territory expanded northward. Restrictions on innovations implementation apply to western forest-steppe zone and mountainous areas of Ukrainian Carpathians. Increase of solar radiation regime components determining the feasibility of solar power energy resources form the basis for their countrywide use.
Current state and tendencies of distribution of ground frosts within the territory of Ukraine
Authors: Klok S. V.
Published: November 2018

The purpose of this work consists in identifying the main trends of present-day formation and distribution of ground frosts throughout Ukraine. For this purpose the analysis of a minimum air temperature field has been conducted based on observation data at 186 stations of Ukraine for the period from 1991 to 2014. It is known that extreme values of air temperature are much more informative than its average values. Therefore analyses of meteorological extreme values usually lead to more substantial and qualitative results.

In the course of the work, occurrences of frost in April, May and September have been studied separately from each other while these three months are deemed to be the most dangerous in terms of frosts' frequency and negative impact. In order to identify trends to occurrence of this dangerous weather phenomenon a comparison of two decades of 1991-2000 and 2001-2010 has been made. In addition, the latest observation period of 2011-2014 has been considered separately taking into account the results of comparative analysis of two preceding decades.

The results of the work indicate a decrease of number of September days having this dangerous weather phenomenon during the last few years. However, recurrence of frosts remains stably high in April while in May it appears to be high only in certain years. The obtained results also indicate the fact that the northern and northeastern territories of Ukraine appear to be the most vulnerable to frosts.

Thus it should be noted that a threat of adverse consequences caused by ground frosts is still there and remains to be quite high, especially for agriculture.
Modeling of sunflower’s productivity under future climate changes in Ukraine considering the scenarios of RCP anthropogenic impact
Authors: Zhygailo О. L. , Zhygailo T. S.
Published: November 2018

Climate change is one of the major global issues. Climate is one of the most significant factors determining the level of crop yields, including sunflower crops. Currently the sunflower planting acreage in Ukraine has already reached its maximum value. Therefore the potential for increasing sunflower production should be aimed at increasing its yield.

To assess the impact of climate change on sunflower productivity the article considers modern scenarios of RCP (Representative Concentration Pathways) such as RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. They belong to the scenarios of medium and high levels of greenhouse gas emissions. The RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios cover the climatic period from 2021 to 2050. In order to conduct a comparative analysis of scenario meteorological values with previous data from the Agroclimatic Reference Book of Ukraine, the period from 1986 to 2005 was taken. It serves as a basic period for calculations.

Calculations were made for the following natural and climatic zones of Ukraine: East Forest-Steppe, Northern and Southern Steppe.

The article studies the influence of agroclimatic conditions on sunflower cultivation as per two interphase periods: shoots - blooming and blooming - picking maturity.

Study of sunflower productivity formation was carried out using a mathematical model of the water-heat regime and sunflower productivity. The model is based on the system of equations of radiation, heat and water balances and biomass balance in vegetation cover.

According to calculations a lowered temperature regime and sufficient moisture in the first half of sunflower vegetation season will favor the formation of leaves way more than during the basic period within the entire area under study. However, expected arid conditions in the second half of vegetation period will cause a very low sunflower moisture availability during this period which would lead to reduction of sunflower seeds' crop-producing power. Analysis of agroclimatic conditions during vegetation season from sunflower shoots to its picking maturity showed that implementation of both scenarios would ensure expected weather conditions to be more favorable for sunflower growing in the eastern forest-steppe zone of Ukraine. The greatest risk of sunflower crops shortfall in certain years is expected in the southern steppe zone of Ukraine and significant losses should be expected in case of scenario RCP4.5 implementation.
Altitude and zonal regularities and agro-ecological estimation of bioclimatic rhythms in Armenia
Authors: Grigoryan A. T.
Published: November 2018

The article includes the data of long-term monitoring observations taken from 60 meteorological stations located at 450-3200 m above the sea level. It presents the results of study of time of occurrence, duration and spatial variability of bioclimatic rhythms of main ecotypes of agricultural crops under the conditions of high altitudes of the Republic of Armenia. It was found out that vertical gradients of the average periods of main phases of grow of winter wheat, potatoes, grapes and livestock pasturage within highland pastures fluctuate within 3-5 days / 100 m. Agro-ecological conditions for bioclimatic rhythms along high-altitude zones are estimated. The high-altitude regularities are determined and correlation dependence curves of time of occurrence of bioclimatic rhythms from absolute altitude are identified with specification of ways for optimizing heat and moisture availability and productivity of these crops. The probability of crop damage from drought, frosts in different periods of vegetation is calculated. Agro-climatic parameters of critical periods of growth and development of crops under study within high-altitude zones are determined which makes it possible to ensure production of stable and high yields. It became clear that the highest altitude for obtaining two crops a year after harvesting early spring grains, vegetables, potatoes is 1400 m above the sea level – in arid regions and 1200 m - in wet regions. It is proposed to develop a natural conveyor for fresh vegetables, potatoes, maize, fruit, dairy and other products using the vertical zonality of crops ripening and livestock pasturage within the summer pasture zone.
To substantiate measures aimed at prevention of siltation of supply and transport channels in the Danube lakes (study of hydraulic and alluvial regimes)
Authors: Kulibabin O. H.
Published: November 2018

Underwater bucket channels connecting the Danube with sluices were built perpendicular to river’s main stream. Water supply tract consists of an supply bucket channel, connecting the Danube with a sluice facility, a transporting channel – from a sluice to the mouth, i.e. to an output of a channel into a lake, and a mouth section of a channel. Throughout the whole period of operation of these facilities silt accumulation has been observed within supply bucket channels, in a lesser degree – within transport channels, and emergence in a mouth section of transport channels of sandbars having considerable dimensions. Throughout the whole period of operation of facilities and channels plenty of money has been spent for cleaning facilities and channels off sediments, so there is a need for deeper examination of the nature of silting phenomenon and minimization of water supply tract siltation through its simple reconstruction.

The aim of this research consists in substantiation of proposals to eliminate or to reduce effects of silting of supply and transport channels under existing conditions and substantiation of proposed necessary structural measures on the basis of proposed mathematical modelling and methods of analytical studies. Therefore methods of analytical studies including probable and statistical approaches used when analyzing processes with constant change of environment were proposed. These studies found that boundaries of supply of inlet channels in an open river’s channel depend on distribution of flow velocities throughout a river’s stream and conditions of stream distribution and flow pattern in the middle of the supply channel depends on shape of an inlet, particularly on shape of its lower side.

These suggestions and studies give us an opportunity to recommend means of controlling a hydraulic regime in the middle of a supply channel. Fighting against deposition of bottom sediments at supply channels may be won after choosing a place for water intake and a type of bucket, as well as after specification of appropriate structural forms and sizes of their inlet components. Therefore the article provides suggestions on research of regime of interaction between the river and a supply channel, dynamics of water exchange in supply channels, forces of stream masses developing during mixing, hydraulic regime and regime of deposition of supply and transport channels in order to determine the major requirements regarding size of water area of a supply channel.