bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HAK ATAS PROPERTI WANITA DALAM HUKUM KOMUNITAS KULIT PUTIH AMERIKA SERIKAT BAGIAN SELATAN
Authors: Hariyanti Tatit
Published: August 2023

This article aims at exploring the dynamics of women’s property right in southern US culture, which is interwoven with and embroided by loss and victories, as well as accomodation and resistance. This study demonstrates that women’s property right is greatly influenced by the masculinity and patriarchial power of southernmen. Tulisan ini bertujuan menelaah dinamika perkembangan hak wanita atas properti di AS bagian selatan yang dihiasi sulaman kemenangan dan kekalahan serta akomodasi dan resistensi. Tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa hak wanita atas properti sangat dipengaruhi oleh maskulinitas dan kekuasaan patriarkal suami-suami di daerah Selatan.
DESIGNING CULTURALLY CONSCIOUS ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION TO FOSTER ASIAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Herliana Mrs.
Published: August 2023

Creating an Asian model of alternative dispute resolution which considers Asian cultures is important. A mere adoption of western standard will less likely accommodate Asian’s unique way of handling disputes. Culture-related problems can be avoided if international commercial mediation or arbitration is tuned in to cultural needs and expectations. Penyusunan model alternatif penyelesaian sengketa gaya Asia yang mengakomodasi budaya setempat penting untuk dilakukan. Penerapan standar barat tidak selamanya cocok dengan cara unik orang Asia dalam memandang suatu sengketa. Konflik kultural dapat dihindari apabila mediasi atau arbitrase bisnis internasional disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan budaya setempat.
TAHAPAN UNDANG-UNDANG RESPONSIF
Authors: Hattu Hendrik
Published: August 2023

Law-making in Indonesia is generally based on formal-legal aspects and legislator’s political will, thus resulting in legislations that do not conform to society’s aspirations nor answer their needs. This paper discusses a responsive model legislation hence it could meet community needs, provide legal certainty, and ensure justice and welfare. Pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia yang biasanya ditentukan oleh aturan hukum formil dan kemauan politik pembentuk undang-undang membuat produk perundang-undangan tidak sesuai dengan aspirasi masyarakat dan tidak menjawab kebutuhan mereka. Tulisan ini membahas model undang-undang yang responsif sehingga dapat memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat, memberikan kepastian hukum, dan menjamin keadilan dan kesejahteraan.
PENGADAAN TANAH DALAM PEMBANGUNAN JARINGAN JALAN LINGKAR SELATAN DI KABUPATEN BANTUL
Authors: Listyawati Hery
Published: August 2023

Land acquisition is a very important activity in any kind of development programs, such as the South Ring Road Highway. Although land acquisition has been started since 2008, the project has not been completed. This research focuses on applying the principle of land acquisition to achieve the program’s objectives. Pembebasan tanah adalah aktivitas yang sangat penting dalam setiap jenis program pembangunan, seperti Jaringan Jalan Lingkar Selatan. Meskipun pembebasan tanah sudah dimulai sejak tahun 2008, tetapi belum selesai juga. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada penerapan prinsip pembebasan lahan untuk keberhasilan program.
PENGAWASAN TERHADAP PELAKSANAAN PENAHANAN MENURUT KUHAP DAN KONSEP RUU KUHAP
Authors: Simarmata Berlian
Published: August 2023

Subjective requirements of detention in Criminal Procedure Code Bill are not different from those currently in force. Lack of detailed and measurable requirements renders commissioner judges ineffective to solve detention problems. Absence of supervision and law enforcer’s moral degradation in single-judge hearings with final decision may incur abuse of power.Persyaratan subyektif penahanan dalam RUU KUHAP masih sama dengan KUHAP. Keberadaan hakim komisaris tidak efektif menyelesaikan permasalahan penahanan karena persyaratan subyektif penahanan yang belum rinci dan terukur. Degradasi moral penegak hukum, khususnya dalam pemeriksaan hakim tunggal dengan putusan bersifat final dan tanpa pengawasan berpotensi menimbulkan penyalahgunaan wewenang.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP HAK CIPTA MOTIF BATIK TANJUNGBUMI MADURA
Authors: Rahayu Devi
Published: August 2023

Batik is protected under our Copyright Act as a creation. Society’s awareness and comprehension of the applicable copyright law, in particular small and medium industry, is still low. Correct enforcement of Copyright Act and promotion of legal awareness is needed in order to reach a prosperous society.Batik dilindungi oleh Undang-Undang Hak Cipta sebagai bentuk ciptaan. Tingkat kesadaran dan pemahaman masyarakat khususnya pengusaha Industri Kecil Menengah terhadap hak cipta masih rendah. Diperlukan penerapan Undang- Undang Hak Cipta yang sesuai dan dilandasi dengan kesadaran hukum untuk mencapai kesejahteraan masyarakat.
Peran dan Arti Penting Perjanjian Lisensi dalam Melindungi Merek Terkenal
Authors: Sujatmiko Agung
Published: August 2023

Well-known marks are trademarks that are registered and advertised in numerous jurisdictions and media. Consumers trust them as they have high quality assurance. However, well-known marks are frequently violated, which not only injures trademark owners, but also harms the state. Therefore, management of well-known marks through licensing agreement is needed.  Merek terkenal adalah merek yang didaftarkan di berbagai negara, disebarluaskan di banyak media, serta dipercayai oleh banyak konsumen karena mutunya yang terjamin. Di sisi lain, sering terjadi pelanggaran merek terkenal yang tidak hanya merugikan pemegang merek, tetapi juga negara. Oleh karenanya, diperlukan penanganan pelanggaran merek melalui pembuatan perjanjian lisensi.
Perspektif dan Kajian Hukum dari Beberapa Tokoh dalam Bidang Antropologi Hukum
Authors: Eva Yusnita
Published: August 2023

As a newly-born branch of knowledge, anthropology of law is still in formulating stage. Basically, anthropology of law examines the empirical and mutual relation between law and various social phenomena. This research aims to learn what is the principle and meaning of law as understood and affixed by the society. Sebagai sebuah cabang pengetahuan yang independen dan relatif baru, antropologi hukum masih berada dalam tahap perumusan. Pada dasarnya, antropologi hukum meneliti hubungan empiris timbal-balik antara hukum dengan fenomena sosial di masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hakikat hukum sebagaimana disematkan oleh masyarakat.
Penyelesaian Konflik Pertanahan Berbasis Nilai-Nilai Kearifan Lokal di Nusa Tenggara Barat
Authors: Asmara Muhammad Galang , Arba Mr. , Maladi Yanis
Published: August 2023

This research aims to analyse government policies and local wisdom values in the matter of land conflict resolution. Results show that the resolution is dominated by nonlitigation efforts, including peace agreement through negotiation, discussion, and mediation. Therefore, principles of adat law in resolving conflicts should be empowered, preserved, and socialised.  Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji kebijakan pemerintah dan nilai-nilai kearifan lokal yang berkaitan dengan upaya penyelesaian konflik pertanahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyelesaian sengketa tanah didominasi oleh pola penyelesaian nonlitigasi, misalnya perdamaian melalui negosiasi, musyawarah mufakat, dan mediasi. Dengan demikian, prinsip-prinsip hukum adat dalam penyelesaian konflik perlu dibina, dilestarikan, dan disosialisasikan.
Asas Kesetaraan dalam Akad Pembiayaan Musyarakah pada Bank Syariah di Yogyakarta
Authors: Nugraheni Destri Budi
Published: August 2023

This study focuses on musharaka financing’s equity principle that has not been fully carried out. The banks do not state explicitly their obligation to share risk and losses and they have set revenue projections beforehand. These eventually blur the profit-loss sharing mechanism thus making the system resembles conventional banks.  Tulisan ini membahas asas kesetaraan dalam pembiayaan musyarakah yang belum diterapkan dengan baik. Bank tidak menyatakan dengan jelas kewajiban mereka untuk ikut menanggung risiko dan kerugian bersamasama dengan nasabah dan mereka juga telah mematok proyeksi pendapatan yang pada akhirnya mengaburkan mekanisme bagihasil sehingga membuat sistem ini mirip dengan sistem konvensional.
Problematika Putusan Hakim dalam Perkara Pembatalan Perjanjian
Authors: Pramono Nindyo
Published: August 2023

The rapid development of international business law requires judges to re-scrutinise principles of contract law in the Civil Code. Therefore, principles of good faith, protection of third-party, retroaction, and restoration to pre-contract position will be analysed to provide objectively constructive feedback for judges when hearing over request for contract annulment.  Pesatnya perkembangan hukum bisnis internasional mengharuskan hakim untuk mempelajari kembali asas-asas hukum perjanjian dalam KUHPerdata. Prinsipprinsip itikad baik, perlindungan bagi pihak ketiga, retroaktif, dan kembali ke keadaan semula akan dianalisis dalam tulisan ini sehingga memberikan konstruksi obyektif kepada hakim dalam memutus permohonan pembatalan perjanjian agar jangan sampai menimbulkan perkara baru.
Urgensi Pembentukan Pengadilan Niaga Baru
Authors: Wijayanta Tata
Published: August 2023

Article 300 para. (2) of the 2004 Bankruptcy and Suspension of Payment Act gives room for the government to establish more commercial courts in other jurisdictions by taking into account the urgency and readiness of human resources. However, the establishment of more courts until now has never been carried out.  Pasal 300 ayat (2) Undang-undang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang memberi ruang bagi pemerintah untuk dapat membentuk pengadilan niaga di tempat lain dengan tetap memerhatikan kebutuhan dan kesiapan sumber daya yang ada. Meskipun demikian, sampai saat ini pembentukan pengadilan niaga di tempat lain belum terlaksana.
Penjabaran Asas-Asas Pembaharuan Agraria Berdasarkan Tap MPR No. IX/MPR/2001 dalam Perundang-undangan di Bidang Pertanahan
Authors: Ismail Nurhasan , Suyitno Mr. , Bosko Rafael Edy , Listyawati Heri , Makmuri Hisyam , Widowati Dyah Ayu
Published: August 2023

This research discusses whether Agrarian Reform principles have been synchronous with the Indonesian land laws and Basic Agrarian Law and how those principles are implemented within government regulations on land law. Results show that, instead of manifesting, numerous government regulations are contradicting the principles therefore should be revoked or amended.  Penelitian ini membahas apakah asasasas Pembaruan Agraria telah sejalan dengan hukum pertanahan Indonesia dan UUPA serta bagaimana asas-asas tersebut diterapkan dalam peraturan-peraturan pemerintah di bidang pertanahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, alih-alih mengejawantahkan, banyak PP yang bertentangan dengan asas Pembaruan Agraria sehingga harus dicabut atau diamandemen.
Harmonisasi Peraturan Perundang-undangan di Bidang Penanggulangan Bencana
Authors: Anggono Bayu Dwi
Published: August 2023

The Disaster Management Act was set forth to reduce the risk of looming disaster and to relieve the aftermath of an already-happened one. Since this Act relates with the other laws that govern natural resources, overlap and disharmony often arise. Therefore, synchronisation of this Act with sectoral laws is needed. Undang-undang Penanggulangan Bencana disahkan untuk mengurangi risiko terjadinya bencana serta memitigasi dampak bencana yang telah terjadi. Karena undangundang ini berkaitan erat dengan peraturan perundang-undangan lain yang mengatur sumber daya alam, tumpang tindih dan ketidakselarasan terjadi. Oleh karena itu, harmonisasi antara Undang-undang Penanggulangan Bencana dengan undangundang sektoral diperlukan.
Administration of the Islamic Judicial System: An Overview
Authors: Jamal Jasri
Published: August 2023

Justice in Islam is all-embracing, free from restriction, and universal. Islam governs private and public life, denies deviation from justice, non-discriminative, and holds that all humans are equal before the law and are accountable for their deeds. It is universal because it is applicable to all who accepts its authority. Islam memandang keadilan sebagai sistem yang utuh, bebas dari pembatasan, dan universal. Islam mengatur kehidupan pribadi dan umum, mengajarkan untuk tidak menyimpang dari keadilan, tidak diskriminatif, dan memandang manusia sama di hadapan hukum serta bertanggungjawab atas perbuatannya. Keadilan dalam Islam universal karena berlaku bagi semua manusia yang menundukkan diri padanya.
Kompilasi Hukum Islam dalam Perspektif Hukum Perundang-undangan
Authors: Harahap Yulkarnain , Omara Andy
Published: August 2023

This study analyses the problematic position of Presidential Instruction 1/1991 within Indonesian legislation system after the enactment of Act 10/2004. It also finds that religious court judges still base their decision on Compilation of Islamic Law. Apparently, CIH is regarded as a living law and as an Indonesian fiqh. Penelitian ini menganalisis kedudukan Inpres 1/1991 dalam sistem perundangundangan Indonesia pasca berlakunya UU 10/2004 dan menyelidiki faktorfaktor penyebab hakim peradilan agama menggunakan KHI sebagai salahsatu dasar hukum dalam memeriksa perkara. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kedudukan Inpres 1/1991 problematik dan bahwa KHI dipandang sebagai hukum yang hidup dan sebagai fikih khas Indonesia.
Sikap Memidana yang Berorientasi pada Tujuan Pemidanaan
Authors: Gunarto Marcus Priyo
Published: August 2023

Punitive attitudes of law enforcers in some criminal cases seem not to benefit the convict, as it does not support the main objective of the criminal justice system. This is because of the absence of binding direction which guides judges in making judgments. In order to benefit the convict, criminal law should formulate a binding direction as well as individualizing punishment which bind all the criminal court. Moreover, there should also be a common understanding among law enforcers that punitive attitude should be balanced with curing attitude. Therefore, physical, substantial and cultural synchronization are needed. The physical synchronization can be conducted through synergy among law enforcers as part of the criminal justice system. The substantial synchronization can be realized through the availability of common understanding among law enforces.
Cerai Talak Suami Non-Muslim di Pengadilan Agama
Authors: Hartini Mrs.
Published: August 2023

Religious Courts were established with mandate to serve Indonesia Moslem in case settlement based on Islamic Law. The Religious Courts are Courts of limited or special jurisdiction and party (as specified in their Statutes). They differ from the General Courts which have a general jurisdiction. The jurisdiction are limited on marriage, inheritance, will (wasiat), gift (hibah), waqf (wakaf), tithe (zakat), infaq, alms (shadaqah) and Shariah Economic (Act Number 3 of 2006 on Amendment of Act Number 7 of 1989 on Religious Court ). The courts take exclusive jurisdiction in marriage affairs concerning a Moslem husband and wife relating to marriage, revocation, reconciliation and divorce where the intervention of a religious court judge is necessary. Practically, the Courts jurisdiction extends to same range in divorce matters but the party in the case is non-Moslem. The jurisdiction is based on Islamic Personality principle; first, she or he was Moslem when marriage was conducted and second, the contract based on Islamic Law.
Perlindungan Environmental Rights untuk Korban Dampak Kerusakan Lingkungan Studi Kasus: Kebakaran Rutan Indonesia (1998) dan Luapan Lumpur Sidoardjo-Lapindo Brantas (2006)
Authors: Sulistiawati Linda Yanti
Published: August 2023

It is clear that environmental rights are among The most important basic rights in human’s life. Although embedded in more than several international treaties, there is yet an independent treary which focusing solely an environmental rights. This is very unfortunate to developing countries such as Indonesia, whose most environmental problems are caused by human and/or development activities and with victim improtected of their environmemal rights. This research unfolds two case studies in Indonesia regarding to be protection of three basic rights: the right to be free from hunger; the right to security and the right to health. In principle these case studies pictures enviromnental rights protection in Indonesia, which is already protected on the legal basis, but lack of implementation in the field.
Status Hukum Internasional dalam Sistem Hukum di Indonesia
Authors: Dewanto Wisnu Aryo
Published: August 2023

A rule of international law is regarded as non-self-executing in the Indonesian legal system. It means the international legal norm does not have legal binding force in the domestic courts of Indonesia without an implementing legislation. Indonesia is a dualist country vis-à-vis the relation of international law and national law. In regard with the implementation of rules of international law into the Indonesian courts, Indonesia follows the transformation theory where the rules of international law must be transposed into national laws to have them enforced. Therefore, it is the supremacy of national law over international law before the domestic courts.
Perbandingan Undang-Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 1992 tentang Lalu Lintas Dan Angkutan Jalan dengan Rancangan Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Tentang Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan
Authors: Yuniza Mailinda Eka
Published: August 2023

There are several weaknesses of UU LLAJ. The first weakness is related to centralistic approach used in the UU. Second, the content of the UU has not yet been adjusted with several related new regulations. Third, it has not yet integrate land, marine and air transport. Forth, there are overlaps among related institutions on their rights and responsibilities. Fifth, it has not yet accommodated low-cost and efficient public services. RUU LLAJ, on the other hand, is drafted to elucidate the weaknesses of UU LLAJ. Some changes regulated on RUU LLAJ are regarding decentralization approach, new type of license and new authority on issuing license, and the integration of land, marine and air transport. Furthermore, the RUU LLAJ regulates public participation which has not yet regulated in UU LLAJ. Some of the changes are positive. However, the changes regarding the license system could increase public burden and could cause public confusion.
Implementasi UU Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban di Kota Gorontalo
Authors: Dunga Weny Almoravid
Published: August 2023

The success or the opposite of a law affair handled is highly influenced by the evidence of presented witness in the related affairs. Considering how important the position of witness report is, so It is not impossible if a law affair failed within the process caused by the absence of supporting witness upon the affair. Being witness is an obligation which is obliged within our either acts or law system, because the witness saw, heard, experienced an event. But unfortunately, the obligation which is strongly recommended within either acts or law system do not always cause our society give the information of what they saw, heard, and witnessed to a crime action. Within various regulations which have ever been existing so far, in fact, eye witness some times in the unlucky position. The protection of eye witness is clearly required to give any guarantee and the law assurance for eye witness who posses’ bravery to open any cases. The aim of the acts protection of eye witness, is not only to protect, but also to increase the effectives in the law enforcement, primarily, the accomplishment of human right break­ing law and corruptions. The existence of eye witness protection boards in the future will be influenced by things, such as: first, act regulations, second, the eye witness’ mentality attitude and victims. Third, the professionalism of law officers, fourth, society control, fifth; existence of electronic and press media.
Penerapan Good Governance di Indonesia dalam Upaya Pencegahan Tindak Pidana Korupsi
Authors: Rasul Sjahruddin
Published: August 2023

The implementation of good-governance principles such as accountability, transparency, and law enforcement may limit the opportunity to commit corruption therefore ease the corruption eradication efforts. Corruption eradication should also be conducted holistically by involving relevant parties – including government officials, private sectors, and society – and by empowering preventive and repressive approaches. Penerapan asas-asas pemerintahan yang baik seperti akuntabilitas, transparansi, dan penegakan hukum dapat membatasi kesempatan untuk melakukan korupsi sehingga upaya pemberantasan korupsi menjadi lebih efektif. Pemberantasan korupsi mesti dilaksanakan secara holistik dengan mengikutsertakan pihak-pihak yang relevan – termasuk pegawai pemerintah, sektor swasta, dan masyarakat – dan dengan memberdayakan pendekatan preventif dan represif.
Pengadaan Tanah untuk Pengembangan Bandara Adisucipto Menjadi Bandara Internasional
Authors: Listyawati Hery
Published: August 2023

Despite the fact that it has been running for five years, the process of land acquisition for the extension of Adisucipto Airport is still far from being completed. It happens because various problems arise, specifically regarding land titles and the sum of compensation for the owner of the acquired land.  Walaupun telah berjalan selama lima tahun, proses pengadaan tanah untuk pengembangan Bandara Adisucipto masih jauh dari selesai. Hal ini terjadi karena pelbagai masalah yang muncul, terutama masalah mengenai hak atas tanah dan jumlah ganti rugi bagi para pemilik tanah yang diakuisisi.
Praktik Bagi Hasil Perikanan di Kalangan Nelayan Pandangan Wetan, Rembang, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Sudaryanto Agus
Published: August 2023

The practice of yield-sharing among fishermen community in Pandangan Wetan, Rembang, are often followed by various agreement disputes. Such disputes include death compensation for deceased deckhands and also unfair and corrupted sharing of fish. This research aims to study such practice and its dispute settlement mechanisms.  Praktik pembagian hasil tangkapan di antara nelayan di desa nelayan Pandangan Wetan, Rembang, sering diikuti dengan berbagai perselisihan perjanjian. Perselisihan tersebut termasuk ganti rugi atas kematian anak buah kapal dan pembagian tangkapan yang tidak adil dan korup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari praktik tersebut dan penyelesaian perselisihan yang timbul darinya.
Pemanfaatan Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak di Bidang Kehutanan dalam Melestarikan Fungsi Lingkungan
Authors: Santoso Wahyu Yun , Nugroho Adrianto Dwi
Published: August 2023

Payment for environmental services through reforestation fund to maintain forest sustainability conforms with the effort to terminate deforestation. However, its effectivity is questionable as it is often used to finance other activities. This research aims to analyze non-tax state revenue from forestry field, specifically its relation to environmental protection efforts. Pembayaran jasa lingkungan melalui dana reboisasi untuk mempertahankan produktivitas hutan sejalan dengan upaya merehabilitasi hutan. Namun, efektivitas program ini dipertanyakan karena dana ini sering digunakan untuk membiayai aktivitas lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerimaan negara bukan pajak di bidang kehutanan, terutama hubungannya dengan upaya perlindungan lingkungan.
PEMBANGUNAN HUKUM SUMBER DAYA AIR SUNGAI YANG BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL: PELUANG DAN TANTANGANNYA
Authors: Sulastriyono Mr.
Published: August 2023

This article aims to discuss the opportunity and challenge in the development of river water resources law as a consequence of population growth, development, and technology advancement. Fast growth on water needs induces the growth of economic value of water, rather than its social values. This condition potentially causes of conflict interests among sectors, among regions and among various stakeholder related to water resources management. The management of river water resources can be perceived as an opportunity as well as a challenge. The quantity and the potential of water which is abundant in Indonesia to use water resources optimally. However, the development of river water resources law still faces some challenges, namely institutional obstacle, legal system and culture. Globalization in the free market economic order must be faced by Indonesia in its efforts to develop law on the management of river water resources. Privatization in the management of river water resources led to the increase of the role of private sector in pursuing economic benefits. It is feared that privatization will limit the community access to water resources and will make the price of water is more expensive. An integrated law development of river water resources based on local wisdom is an alternative guarantee the community access and the sustainability of the availability way to river water resources.
KOMISI PENGAWAS PERSAINGAN USAHA DALAM PENEGAKAN HUKUM PERSAINGAN USAHA
Authors: Simbolon Alum Petronella
Published: August 2023

Act Number 5 of 1999 concerning Prohibition of Monopoly Practices and Unfair Competition has enacted in 2000. To supervise the enactment of the Act, the Commission of Business Competition (KPPU) was established. KPPU is an independent institution. The member of KPPU are appointed by President with approval of legislature. In performing its duties, KPPU is responsible to President. The Legal Status of the institution in performing both its duties and authority was clearly regulated in Article 35 and 36 of the Act. According to the Article 35 of the Act, the duties of the institution include performing the valuation of agreement resulting in monopoly practices and of whether or not there is dominant position abuse; providing government with recommendation and consideration in policies related to the monopoly practices and the unfair business competition; conducing investigation and/or inspection on the presumptive case of monopoly practices; inspecting the related proof instrument; deciding and stipulating whether or not there loss in one of the related business subject; informing the commission’s stipulation to the business subject that violated the stipulation of the Act.
THE IMPACT OF THE WTO RETALIATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF HUMAN RIGHTS LAW
Authors: Soeparna Intan Innayatun
Published: August 2023

World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement system through Panel and Appellate Body, allows sanction to be imposed when a member is unwilling to bring a WTO-inconsistent trade measure into conformity. According to the Article 22 of Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU), if in a certain case WTO Panel finds a party has failed to make new policy in compliance with the WTO rules, the aggrieved party is entitled to obtain retaliation. The WTO retaliation emerges negative impact for some countries in particular developing or small economic countries. This impact denotes the violation of international human rights law, particularly economic rights that stipulate in Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). This paper explains the impact that arises when WTO retaliation is imposed to a country whether a developed or developing country, from the perspective of international human rights law.
ALIRAN SESAT DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PIDANA ISLAM DAN HUKUM PIDANA NASIONAL
Authors: Harahab Yulkarnain , Supriyadi Mr.
Published: August 2023

The disseminator and participant of deviant’s sects can be accused as an “apostate” or “murtad”. They have committed “hudud crime” or “jarimah hudud” and can be punished by death sentence or subsidiary sanction. Nevertheless, the sanctions cannot be implemented because Indonesia is not Islamic state. There is no law enforcement towards the participant of deviant sects. But, they are only requested to be mass repented. The argumentation is that the participants of deviant’s sects are only a victim, so the process of law enforcement must be adjusted to the leader or disseminator of deviant sects.
TINJAUAN TERHADAP RENCANA PENERAPAN PAJAK LINGKUNGAN SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN PERLINDUNGAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DI INDONESIA
Authors: Hasan Dahliana , Puspitasari Dinarjati Eka
Published: August 2023

Research on “an analysis on Indonesia’s Environmental Tax Planning as an instrument of Environmental Preservation” is a normative research which has objectives to know the concept of environmental tax which is offered by Indonesian Government and to obtain a clear description whether it is a better concept or not which can be used to decrease environmental degradation. Data in this research were obtained through field research and library research. The field research was carried out by using interview guidance, whereas the library research was done by documentary study by way of collecting and analyzing selected laws and regulations, books, articles and other documents which were relevant to the research. All data were analyzed qualitatively. The result showed that the objective of the concept of environmental tax, offered by Indonesian government, is to decrease environmental degradation as a result of production process. Basically, the concept is a better instrument to preserve the environment, however, it should be reviewed especially on determining the taxpayer’s criteria, the tax rate and the budget earmarking in order to be applicable and to have no burden toward the industry itself. Now, it will be wise to rely on other policies to handle the environmental problems in Indonesia such as CSR, performance bonds, AMDAL and UKL-UPL, even though some weaknesses have also found on those policies.
PENINDAKAN ILLEGAL FISHING DAN PERJANJIAN BILATERAL BIDANG PERIKANAN DENGAN NEGARA TETANGGA
Authors: Koesrianti Ms.
Published: August 2023

Indonesia is the biggest maritim state in the world as two third of its area are ocean. In order to maximized its fisheries products, Indonesia has some policies regarding to the management of its waters, including eradicating illegal logging and reforming bilateral agreements with some neighbor countries. This policies, however, appear to be not yet optimal. The government in 1985 has ratified the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982 with the Act 17/1985. However, up to now, Indonesia has not ratified yet the United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement 1995 and the 1993 Compliance Agreement as the continued arrangements of UNCLOS 1982. Indonesia should conduct such ratification in order to optimize the Indonesian fisheries industry in which its natural resources, whether living or non-living can be explored and exploited. This is crucial as fisheries industries can provide fish stock as alternative healthy food for the people in Indonesia.
STATUS TANAH–TANAH KESULTANAN TERNATE DALAM PERSPEKTIF TANAH NASIONAL
Authors: Asyhari Masyhud
Published: August 2023

Dispute on kingdom’s land (tanah swapraja) or ex-kingdom’s land emerged signi.cantly after the reformation era, such as at Deli Serdang Regency, Cirebon Municipality, Yogyakarta and also at Ternate. At Ternate, there has not been found the references that analysing the dispute on Ternate Kingdom’s land. The objectives of this research are to find out land law system on the Kingdom of Ternate, and the solution had been done to solve land problem on the Ternate Kingdom after the enactment Act No. 5 Year 1960 (UUPA). The results indicate that Ternate Kingdom has it own system of land law. Furthermore, the way of solution have been done by Government to settle kingdom’s land  are slightly different between Ternate Kingdom with the other Kingdoms arround Indonesia.
KEPEMILIKAN SILANG SAHAM PT. INDOSAT DAN PT. TELKOMSEL OLEH TEMASEK HOLDING COMPANY
Authors: Kagramanto Lucianus Budi
Published: August 2023

On Nopember 19, 2007, Commission For The Supervision Of Business Competition (KPPU) has been expelled a verdict No. 07/KPPU-L/2007 about infringement of Act No. 5, 1999 performed by Temasek Holdings. The form of infringement performed by Temasek Holdings is a stock cross ownership on PT. Indosat Tbk and PT. Telkomsel through its two subsidiaries company, namely STT and SingTel. Temasek Holdings is also accused on price fixing, double occupation, and also performing the monopoly in telecommunication, especially on cellular telephone. For the infringement, Temasek Holdings was sanctioned a fine and for the verdict, Temasek Holdings may propose a rejection to District Court of Jakarta. Other parties wish that the Court has objectivity and based on the business competition law in Indonesia. For the KPPU and Temasek Holdings still have a chance to propose an appeal to Supreme Court, if one are won by the District Court of Jakarta.
SEKURITISASI ASET DALAM KONTRAK INVESTASI KOLEKTIF BERAGUN ASET DI INDONESIA
Authors: Sugarda Paripurna P.
Published: August 2023

EBA is one of alternatif of financing for business world and investment instrument for investor. Yet, until nowdays, no company issued EBA in Indonesia capital market even though there have been quite number of Indonesia that companies that become originator of foreign securitization. Unvalailability of EBA in Indonesia capital market is because of the lack of knowledge of capital market participants in understanding EBA. The capital participant still consider that existing rule and regulation are in insuffient for the EBA to take place.
Explore Ways to Promote the Popularization of Rural Culture Revitalization
Authors: Zhang Yikun
Published: August 2023

The history of language and the history of culture complement each other. They can help and inspire each other. Language and culture are closely related. As a part of culture, language is not only a cultural phenomenon, but also a carrier of culture. Language and cultural resources are not only the elements of building a harmonious ecology of language, but also the path and entry point for language to help rural revitalization in ethnic minority areas. Rural revitalization cannot be achieved without cultural revitalization, and cultural revitalization cannot be achieved without language. Popularizing work has played a very important role in promoting rural revitalization.
Lloronas y brujas en la lírica popular de México
Authors: García Baeza Roberto Rivelino
Published: August 2023

La Llorona y la Bruja son personajes recurrentes en la literatura de tradición oral de México, y aunque han sido estudiados en sus formas narrativas (leyenda, anécdota, memorata, etc.), poco se ha dicho de su presencia en la lírica popular. Este trabajo muestra de qué manera las características de personajes como la Llorona y la Bruja son tratados en las formas narrativas en prosa y de qué manera se presentan en la lírica del son mexicano, si el carácter plasmado en las narraciones se reafirma o altera en las formas líricas.
Dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais aos Temas Contemporâneos Transversais: o ensino de sexualidade sob o domínio da “Escola Sem Partido”
Authors: MARINS I. , OLIVEIRA R. R. , PEREIRA Marcus Vinicius , Rôças G.
Published: August 2023

The present article has as its objects of study the National Curricular Parameters (PCNs) and the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC) concerning the curricular problematization of content on sexuality, how sexuality presents in the PCNs, what advances or setbacks the theme suffered after the enactment of the BNCC. The article also aims to investigate the posture of the Escola Sem Partido movement and its action in the fight against gender and sexual diversity issues in the approval of the National Curricular Common Base. The methodology used in the present study consisted of qualitative research through bibliographic and documental analysis, using the National Curriculum Parameters, the National Curricular Common Base, and the Transversal Contemporary Themes (TCT's) as a research reference. Data were grouped and analyzed according to Free Interpretation Analysis (ALI) assumptions.
The Clean Plate Sign
Authors: Heston Thomas F
Published: August 2023

Hospitalized patients, upon admission, often have a degree of anorexia
which gradually resolves as their medical condition improves. Thus, a
quick way to assess the overall improvement of hospitalized patients is
to look at their plate after breakfast when rounding. Patients with a
clean plate after eating their full meal often are close to or ready to
be discharged home.
Where are the ravines? A Case Study of Gully Landscapes in Norway Using Deep Learning
Authors: Ganerød Alexandra Jarna , Boeckel Mikis van , Solberg Inger-Lise
Published: August 2023

Gullies and ravines are common landforms in raised marine fine-grained
deposits in Norway. Gullies in marine clay are significant landforms
indicative of soil erosion, natural hazards and are of high conservation
value. As a result of the substantial impact of human intervention over
the past century, marine clay gullies are now red-listed. To monitor the
condition of these landforms we need to improve our understanding of
their spatial extent, complexity, and morphology. We explore the
applicability of automated approaches that uses a methodology of
combining deep learning (DL), fully convolutional neural networks
(FCNN), and a U-Net model with ArcPy libraries and ground truth data to
derive a high-resolution map of gullies in raised marine fine-grained
deposits. Predictors used comprise solely terrain derivatives to broaden
the usage of the pre-trained model to other regions. Our best model
achieved a precision score of 0.82 and a recall of 0.75. We find that
our pre-trained model can successfully predict gullies in blind-test
areas. The model performs better in regions with similar geological
settings, scoring a length-weighted overlap of >72% with
reference datasets. We also find that the model’s applicability
increases when we post-process the predictions by eliminating noise,
especially by using the predictions derived from ensembled models. We,
therefore, conclude that the pre-trained models can effectively be used
to supplement the geomorphological mapping of marine clay gullies in
Norway. The outcome of this research contributes towards mapping the
spatial extent and condition of red-listed landforms in Norway, as well
as the development of monitoring systems for future landscape change.

Keywords: gullies, ravines, landforms, marine clay, deep
learning, U-net
Supramolecular Photoresponsive Polyurethane with Movable Crosslinks Based on Photoisomerization of Azobenzene
Authors: Zhou Xin , Ikura Ryohei , Jin Changming , Yamaoka Kenji , Park Junsu , Takashima Yoshinori
Published: August 2023

Photoresponsive supramolecular materials have been fabricated by
controlling the density of reversible cross-links or the distribution of
movable cross-links. This study prepared photoresponsive polyurethane
(CD-Azo-PU) based on controlling the crystallization of the hard
segments in polyurethane (PU) by complexation between azobenzene (Azo)
and cyclodextrins (CDs). CD-Azo-PU incorporated polyurethane as the main
chain and a 1:2 inclusion complex between Azo and γCD as a movable
crosslink point. Upon ultraviolet light (UV, λ = 365 nm) irradiation,
the photoresponsiveness of CD-Azo-PU bent toward the light source
(defined as positive), while that of the linear Azo polyurethane
(Azo-LPU) without TAcγCD-diOH as a movable crosslinker bent in the
direction opposite the light source. The bending rates were determined
to be 0.058°/s for CD-Azo-PU and 0.027°/s for Azo-LPU, indicating that
the bending rate for CD-Azo-PU was faster than that for Azo-LPU. By
incorporating movable cross-links into CD-Azo-PU, we successfully
achieved specific photoresponsive actuation with an enhanced rate.
Hierarchical Macroporous Polymer Structures Fabricated By Coassembly of Polymersomes and Polymer Brushes
Authors: zhao hanying , Liu xianyi
Published: August 2023

Synthesis of hierarchical macroporous structures has aroused great
interest because of the potential applications and unique properties of
the materials. In this research hierarchical macroporous polymer
particles were fabricated by coassembly of polymersomes and polymer
brushes on silica particles. In order to investigate the mechanism of
the self-assembly and synthesize materials, two-component self-assembly
of poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-block-polystyrene
(PDMAEMA55-b-PS316) and PS343, and three-component self-assembly of
PDMAEMA55-b-PS316, PS343 and PS brushes on silica particles (SiO2-PS343)
in THF/methanol mixtures were performed. In the coassembly of
PDMAEMA55-b-PS316 and PS343, with an increase in PS343 content the
morphology of the self-assembled structures changes from spherical
micelles, to polymersomes, and to aggregated polymersomes. In the
coassembly of PDMAEMA55-b-PS316, PS343 and SiO2-PS343, aggregated
polymersomes and silica particles are formed. After etching silica
particles with HF acid, macroporous polymer structures are produced.
After quaternization of PDMAEMA blocks with methyl iodide, hierarchical
macroporous structures with hydrophobic PS domains inside the structures
are produced in aqueous solution. Toluene dispersed in aqueous phase is
able to diffuse into the hydrophobic domains, and at high toluene
content a transition from the hierarchical macroporous structures to
hollow structures is observed.
Brunsting-Perry Pemphigoid Successfully Treated with Intralesional Rituximab
Authors: Komurcugil Icim , Karaosmanoglu Nermin , Bulut Ibrahim Emre
Published: August 2023

Brunsting-Perry pemphigoid (BPP) is a variant of cicatricial pemphigoid
characterised by tense, pruritic subepidermal bullae which eventually
heals with atophic scarring. BPP has a predilection for head and neck
area with little or no mucosal involvement. Average age of onset is 58
with a 2:1 male/female ratio. Here, we report a
Assessment of Structural Connectivity and Brain Volumes after tDCS in Stroke: A Machine-learning Method
Authors: Dadashi Mohsen , Zadeh Ahmadreza Zakerian , Heidari Omid Reza , Soltani Mohammad , Bayat Mohammad , Maghbooli Mehdi
Published: August 2023

Background: Stroke causes numerous symptoms, including impaired motor
skills, sensation languages, and cognitive functions. Previous studies
revealed non-invasive brain stimulation techniques could enhance
sensory, cognitive, and motor function. Objective: This study aimed to
evaluate the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation on
functional communication, motor learning, and cognitive function in
patients with ischemic stroke. Methods and Materials: The research
method of this study was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test
designs with three groups. Twenty-four patients were enrolled at the
beginning. After written consent before the intervention, the Fugl-Meyer
Assessment, Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test, and Mini-Mental State
Exam were performed at three different time points. Furthermore,
functional and structural neuroimaging (DTI, fMRI) were exploited before
and after the intervention. Regarding the intervention process,
transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was used for twelve
30-minute daily sessions for the patients. Data were analyzed via
in-house MATLAB-SPM12, FSL, and scikit-learn. Results: The figures for
the FMA test of the active group increased after the intervention
(P<0.05). Additionally, the figure for both screening tests
increased after the treatment in the active group (P<0.05).
Regarding the results of DTI, a significant difference was found in some
regions, such as the right inferior occipital. Moreover, the best
results were achieved by Random Forest, CatBoost, and XGBoost models in
classifying groups by DTI data. Conclusion: Transcranial direct-current
stimulation has been proven to be an effective rehabilitation for
post-stroke impairments. We assessed the different structural and
functional neuroimaging methods to determine which could display the
effect of tDCS.
Middle childhood onset Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2
Authors: vyas arvind , Kasundra Mitul
Published: August 2023

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is an autosomal dominant ataxia
characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia, slow saccades, pyramidal
findings and parkinsonism, caused by triplet CAG expansion in the ATXN2
gene in chromosome 12. Age of onset is typically in the fourth decade
with 10- to 15-year disease duration. We present a case of SCA2 with
symptom onset within the first decade of life with extrapyramidal
features and family history of ataxia. This case highlights the early
presentations of SCA and the significance of genetic testing for
ataxias. Keywords- SCA2, spinocerebellar ataxias, sporadic ataxia, CAG
triplet repeat expansion
Mini-Wellen’s EKG (minimal terminal T wave inversion in V2-V3) is highly predictive of high grade left main or proximal left anterior artery disease
Authors: Movahed Mohammad Reza
Published: August 2023

Classic Wellen’s syndrome or by some authors described as inverted U
waves is consistent of biphasic terminal T waves inversion usually seen
in V2 and V3 leads highly predictive of high grade left main (LM) or
proximal left anterior ascending artery (LAD) disease. In this case, we
are reporting a case of minimal terminal T wave changes not large enough
to qualify as Wellen’s EKG but similar to classic Wellen was associated
with high grade LM and LAD disease despite negative troponins.
Serotonergic modulation of attack behavior in social isolation mice
Authors: Chien Po-Yu , Su Chun-Lin , Liu Pei-Hua , Chang Chih-Hua , Gean Po-Wu
Published: August 2023

Background and Purpose: Intermittent explosive disorder is characterized
by outbursts of rage and violence. While the 5HT
receptor is linked to aggression reduction, its neural circuit mechanism
remains unclear. Here, we explored the impact of the raphe nucleus
projecting to the ventral hippocampus (vHip) on impulsive aggression.
Experimental Approach: We used post-weaning social isolation (SI) mice
as an animal model and employed the chemogenetic technique to
specifically manipulate the activity of neural pathways projecting from
either the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) or the median raphe nucleus (MRN)
to the vHip. Combining with 5HT receptor
(5HTR) agents, we investigated the impact of
serotonergic inputs in the vHip on impulsive aggression. Key Results: By
local infusion of Clozapine N-Oxide, activating either DRN soma or DRN
nerve terminals in the vHip reduced impulsive aggression.
5-HTR antagonist SB-224289 nullified this aggression
reduction. Activating the MRN→vHip pathway ameliorated depression-like
behavior but not impulsive aggression. DRN→vHip activation decreased
c-Fos levels in the vHip and the aggression-control area, the
ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH). Intra-vHip infusion of
5-HTR agonists (anpirtoline, CP-93129) suppressed
impulsive aggression and decreased c-Fos levels within the vHip neurons
projecting to the VMH, suggesting an inhibition mechanism. Conclusion
and Implications: Our findings indicate that activating the DRN, rather
than MRN, projecting to the vHip is sufficient to inhibit impulsive
aggression in a 5-HTR-dependent manner. Thus,
targeting 5-HTR could serve as a promising therapeutic
approach to ameliorate symptoms of impulsive aggression.