bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nuclear Receptor Corepressors NCOR1 and SMRT Regulate Metabolism via Intestinal Regulation of Carbohydrate Transport
Authors: Ritter Megan J , Amano Izuki , van der Spek Anne H , Gower Adam C , Undeutsch Hendrik J , Rodrigues Victor A P , Daniel Hanix E , Hollenberg Anthony N
Published: August 2024

Nuclear receptor action is mediated in part by the nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (NCOR1) and the silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptor (SMRT). NCOR1 and SMRT regulate metabolic pathways that govern body mass, insulin sensitivity, and energy expenditure, representing an understudied area in the realm of metabolic health and disease. Previously, we found that NCOR1 and SMRT are essential for maintaining metabolic homeostasis and their knockout (KO) leads to rapid weight loss and hypoglycemia, which is not survivable. Because of a potential defect in glucose absorption, we sought to determine the role of NCOR1 and SMRT specifically in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). We used a postnatal strategy to disrupt NCOR1 and SMRT throughout IECs in adult mice. These mice were characterized metabolically and underwent metabolic phenotyping, body composition analysis, and glucose tolerance testing. Jejunal IECs were isolated and profiled by bulk RNA sequencing. We found that the postnatal KO of NCOR1 and SMRT from IECs leads to rapid weight loss and hypoglycemia with a significant reduction in survival. This was accompanied by alterations in glucose metabolism and activation of fatty acid oxidation in IECs. Metabolic phenotyping confirmed a reduction in body mass driven by a loss of body fat without altered food intake. This appeared to be mediated by a reduction of key intestinal carbohydrate transporters, including SGLT1, GLUT2, and GLUT5. Intestinal NCOR1 and SMRT act in tandem to regulate glucose levels and body weight. This in part may be mediated by regulation of intestinal carbohydrate transporters.
Developmental plasticity of the cardiovascular system in oviparous vertebrates: effects of chronic hypoxia and interactive stressors in the context of climate change
Authors: Lock Mitchell C. , Ripley Daniel M. , Smith Kerri L. M. , Mueller Casey A. , Shiels Holly A. , Crossley Dane A. , Galli Gina L. J.
Published: August 2024

Animals at early life stages are generally more sensitive to environmental stress than adults. This is especially true of oviparous vertebrates that develop in variable environments with little or no parental care. These organisms regularly experience environmental fluctuations as part of their natural development, but climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of these events. The developmental plasticity of oviparous vertebrates will therefore play a critical role in determining their future fitness and survival. In this Review, we discuss and compare the phenotypic consequences of chronic developmental hypoxia on the cardiovascular system of oviparous vertebrates. In particular, we focus on species-specific responses, critical windows, thresholds for responses and the interactive effects of other stressors, such as temperature and hypercapnia. Although important progress has been made, our Review identifies knowledge gaps that need to be addressed if we are to fully understand the impact of climate change on the developmental plasticity of the oviparous vertebrate cardiovascular system.
Steady as they hover: kinematics of kestrel wing and tail morphing during hovering flights
Authors: Martinez Groves-Raines Mario , Yi George , Penn Matthew , Watkins Simon , Windsor Shane , Mohamed Abdulghani
Published: August 2024

Wind-hovering birds exhibit remarkable steadiness in flight, achieved through the morphing of their wings and tail. We analysed the kinematics of two nankeen kestrels (Falco cenchroides) engaged in steady wind-hovering flights in a smooth flow wind tunnel. Motion-tracking cameras were used to capture the movements of the birds as they maintained their position. The motion of the birds' head and body, and the morphing motions of their wings and tail were tracked and analysed using correlation methods. The results revealed that wing sweep, representing the flexion/extension movement of the wing, played a significant role in wing motion. Additionally, correlations between different independent degrees of freedom (DoF), including wing and tail coupling, were observed. These kinematic couplings indicate balancing of forces and moments necessary for steady wind hovering. Variation in flight behaviour between the two birds highlighted the redundancy of DoF and the versatility of wing morphing in achieving control. This study provides insights into fixed-wing craft flight control from the avian world and may inspire novel flight control strategies for future fixed-wing aircraft.
Fish communicate with water flow to enhance a school's social network
Authors: Peterson Ashley N. , Swanson Nathan , McHenry Matthew J.
Published: August 2024

Schooling fish rely on a social network created through signaling between its members to interact with their environment. Previous studies have established that vision is necessary for schooling and that flow sensing by the lateral line system may aid in a school's cohesion. However, it remains unclear to what extent flow provides a channel of communication between schooling fish. Based on kinematic measurements of the speed and heading of schooling tetras (Petitella rhodostoma), we found that compromising the lateral line by chemical treatment reduced the mutual information between individuals by ∼13%. This relatively small reduction in pairwise communication propagated through schools of varying size to reduce the degree and connectivity of the social network by more than half. Treated schools additionally showed more than twice the spatial heterogeneity of fish with unaltered flow sensing. These effects were much more substantial than the changes that we measured in the nearest-neighbor distance, speed and intermittency of individual fish by compromising flow sensing. Therefore, flow serves as a valuable supplement to visual communication in a manner that is revealed through a school's network properties.
Living archival practice and the choreographical navigations: Encounters and approaches with other-than-human persons
Authors: Yoshida Shuntaro , Viteri Arturo Alex , Fernandez Catalina , Maeno Maharu ,   Mapped to the Closest Address, Yamaguchi Jun
Published: August 2024

This article delves into the collaborative work of the interspecies dance collective, Mapped to the Closest Address (MaCA), focusing on our living archival practice and exploration of choreography with other-than-human persons. Through encounters with various species and environments, MaCA seeks to shift anthropocentric perspectives, interrogate their orientation towards modernity and coloniality, and question their understanding/administration/entanglement/devotion of, with, and to nature. The collective’s journey, from a digital residency during the COVID-19 pandemic to site research, installations, and performance at the Echigo-Tsumari Art Triennale 2022, is documented and analyzed. The collective’s collaborative process involves relinquishing control to allow for the emergence of disobedient movements and the exploration of choreography from the perspective of other-than-human persons. This includes encounters with kudzu vines and mountains, weaving their movements and patterns into performances and installations. The article discusses the immersive performance “Turn Off the House Lights,” in which MaCA integrates stories from local communities with gestures inspired by the landscape. Through our living archival practice, MaCA aims to transmit a collective memory of interactions among organisms and environments and highlight the interconnectedness of humans and the other creatures of the Earth. The article reflects on the significance of choreography beyond human-centric notions, emphasizing the emergent forms of ecological performance and the dissolution of boundaries between human and non-human realms. Drawing on interdisciplinary perspectives including dance, visual art, and theatre, MaCA’s work exemplifies a cross-disciplinary approach to expressing the choreography of other-than-human persons. This approach not only presents audiences with immersive experiences but also responds to the future ecosystem through artistic exploration. Ultimately, MaCA’s living archival practices contribute to awareness of the collective lives of other-than-human persons and offer insights into navigating our enmeshment with the natural world.
ENOVAT: the European Network for Optimization of Veterinary Antimicrobial Treatment
Authors: Damborg Peter , Allerton Fergus , Bousquet-Mélou Alain , Britt Chantal , Cagnardi Petra , Carmo Luis Pedro , Cvetkovikj Iskra , Erhard Marcel , Heuvelink Annet , Jessen Lisbeth Rem , Overesch Gudrun , Pelligand Ludovic , Gómez Raja Jonathan , Scahill Karolina , Timofte Dorina , Vale Ana P , Veldman Kees , Broens Els M
Published: August 2024

The global antimicrobial resistance crisis has been the driver of several international strategies on antimicrobial stewardship. For their implementation on field level, the veterinary sector encounters several specific challenges and in particular: (i) a shortage of experts in key disciplines related to antimicrobial stewardship, (ii) a lack of evidence-based antimicrobial treatment guidelines, and (iii) inferior diagnostic tests available compared to human medicine. The present white paper describes how the COST Action ENOVAT (the European Network for Optimization of Veterinary Antimicrobial Treatment, CA18217), comprising 332 persons from 51 countries, worked towards solutions to these challenges. Initially, surveys were conducted to explore the present state in Europe in terms of existing antimicrobial use guidelines and microbiology practices performed. Concurrently, various research activities were launched to optimize diagnostics, including development of epidemiological cut-offs, clinical breakpoints and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry interpretive criteria. Also, guidelines drafting groups working towards evidence-based antimicrobial treatment guidelines for six conditions in food-producing and companion animals were established. The processes and outcomes, also in terms of capacity building, are summarized in this white paper where emphasis is placed on sustainability of the activities. Although several ENOVAT initiatives and spin-off projects will continue beyond the Action, we recommend that a new European veterinary research agenda is launched focusing on research and funding leading to long-term impacts on veterinary antimicrobial use.
The genome sequence of the sand star, Astropecten irregularis (Pennant, 1777)
Authors: Adkins Patrick , Harley Joanna , Bishop John ,   Marine Biological Association Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: August 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual Astropecten irregularis (the sand star; Echinodermata; Asteroidea; Paxillosida; Astropectinidae). The genome sequence spans 475.80 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 22 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.34 kilobases in length.
The genome sequence of the Straw Grass-veneer moth, Agriphila straminella (Denis & Schiffermüller), 1775
Authors: Boyes Douglas , Young Mark R. ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: August 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Straw Grass-veneer moth, Agriphila straminella (Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Crambidae). The genome sequence has a length of 511.50 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 26 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.36 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 12,087 protein-coding genes.
Investigating the Level of Knowledge of Pediatricians and Pediatric Residents About Peer Bullying in Children
Authors: Şeker Yıkmaz Hülya , Çuhacı Çakır Bahar , Duyan Çamurdan Aysu
Published: August 2024

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the level of knowledge and approaches of pediatricians and pediatric residents, who have a key role in the recognition and prevention of peer bullying.

Material and Methods: Pediatricians and pediatric residents working in Ankara provincial center were included in the study and their level of knowledge about peer bullying was evaluated.

Results: It was found that nearly half of the pediatricians and pediatric residents (48.9%, n=152) observed peer bullying during their professional lives. However, their level of knowledge on this issue was found to be insufficient and only 15.8% (n=49) of the participants stated that they knew how to approach peer bullying. It was determined that 15.4% of the participants (n=48) knew the risk factors related to peer bullying and among those who knew, the number of pediatricians (n=30) were more than pediatric residents (n=18). In our study, it was observed that only 4.8% of the participants (n=15) received training on peer bullying.

Conclusion: Families, teachers, school administrators and physicians have critical duties in relation to peer bullying, which is common all over the world and in our country. Among these groups, it is especially important for pediatricians to have sufficient knowledge and awareness by receiving trainings on the subject, to be able to detect the symptoms of peer bullying at an early stage and to effectively carry out the necessary interventions to reduce the number of bullying victims.
Contranarrativas epistemológicas no campo do design
Authors: Izidio Luiz Claudio Lagares , Noronha Raquel Gomes , Farias Luiza  Gomes Duarte de , Ferreira Gabriela Ramos
Published: August 2024

O artigo relata e debate os achados teóricos do ciclo de estudos colonialcontracolonial, organizado pelo Grupo de pesquisa Narrativas em Inovação, Design e Antropologia - NIDA da Universidade Federal do Maranhão. A partir de uma revisão narrativa de literatura, os coordenadores do ciclo apresentam o contexto teórico da cooptação de categorias caras ao campo do design contemporâneo, como identidade, decolonial/decolonialidade, democracia, sustentabilidade e América Latina. A partir da perspectiva da colonialidade, o debate gira em torno das formas de dominação e poder empreendidas pelo capitalismo cognitivo, que apreende formas de vida, por meio da criatividade, e as transforma no carvão contemporâneo do capitalismo. O design, como campo que atua na construção e imaginação de mundos, precisa ser friccionado para se reinventar como campo que contribui para a regeneração dos mundos. A partir da elaboração de um programa de estudos em 13 sessões, apresentamos como resultados os debates sobre os limites dos conceito supracitados, em diálogo com os autores e autoras incluídos no programa, a fim de ampliar os impactos desta ação micropolítica.
O cabelo crespo na moda
Authors: Gomes Edilene Pimentel , Kanamaru Antonio Takao
Published: August 2024

O artigo apresenta resultados do percurso de investigação sobre representação da beleza negra na moda brasileira com enfoque na ressignificação do cabelo afro através da análise de imagens das capas de revistas da Vogue Brasil, revista Raça Brasil e Cláudia. Foram selecionadas cinco capas de cada revista, sendo edições distintas e publicadas durante os anos de 2020 e 2021. Nesta análise observamos a estética e beleza negra brasileira nas edições gráficas, como contribuições das revistas de moda na desconstrução dos estereótipos de beleza eurocêntricos. Baseado nos resultados obtidos, consideramos que a presença de mulheres negras e a sua apresentação com penteados e cortes naturais afros ou que destaquem penteados negros como elementos centrais também na moda, são relevantes para a resistência e luta afro, para a desconstrução dos estereótipos de beleza eurocêntricos.
Izakaya Hyotan
Authors: Sugayama Soraya , Hespanha Joyce Miranda , Sinhorelli Colombo Maria Eduarda
Published: August 2024

O objetivo principal deste estudo é compreender o que designa o Izakaya Hyotan, bar tradicional japonês localizado na cidade de Curitiba, como um espaço japonês. Que materialidades e configurações são elementos fundamentais para que percebamos a espacialidade como figurativa de uma estética japonesa. Nosso percurso narrativo foi construído por meio de três imagens que conduzem nossa análise espacial do macro para o micro, ou seja, do ambiente visto de um modo geral, pelos seus contornos e tipo de luz, até chegar em alguns detalhes e objetos. Para tanto, foi preciso acessarmos conceitos estéticos e filosóficos, metáforas poéticas budistas e xintoístas traduzidas no espaço por materialidades que expressam sentimentos de contenção, simplicidade e rusticidade, do mesmo modo, compreender artefatos que manifestam práticas supersticiosas, religiosas e culturais.
Design Emergente
Authors: Queiroz Viana Adson Pinheiro , de Castro e Souza Tatiana , Mendes Rangel Grazielle , Andréa Carvalhaes Pêgo Kátia , de Castro Engler Rita
Published: August 2024

Este estudo analisa o papel do Design Emergente, com foco em três dissertações de um Programa de Pós-graduação em Design, cada uma dedicada a um contexto específico: urbano, rural e empresarial/tecnológico. Destaca-se o cruzamento entre os trabalhos, evidenciando como o Design pode promover dispositivos considerando não apenas as necessidades humanas, mas também as interações complexas entre humanos e não humanos. O desfecho sugere que desafiando visões tradicionais e lineares associadas ao design, é possível desenvolver processos mais inclusivos, projetando futuros desejáveis. Nesse sentido, o design pode desempenhar um papel significativo na transição para uma sociedade mais equitativa e justa, revelando a importância dos designers na busca por soluções inovadoras e socialmente conscientes diante dos complexos dilemas contemporâneos.
Autobiografia ambiental
Authors: Oliveira Beatriz , Mourthé Cláudia
Published: August 2024

Este artigo aborda a compreensão sobre o comportamento de dois grupos de docentes de pós-graduação da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, e como esse ambiente construído afetou a saúde integral, qualidade de vida e os métodos de ensino dessas pessoas. Foram aplicadas entrevistas no formato de autobiografias ambientais de modo síncrono e online. Além das noções sobre o Estudo Pessoa-ambiente (EPA) da psicologia ambiental, foi adotado o conceito da topofilia, que consiste no sentimento de afeto potencializado em uma pessoa, em virtude de sua convivência com um ambiente construído específico. Os resultados revelaram que existe uma correlação entre pessoa docente x ambiente construído universitário x método de ensino, na medida em que o grau de relacionamento entre estes três pontos tende a variar proporcionalmente de acordo com as características do trabalho, tempo de casa e experiências particulares de cada pessoa.
Editorial
Authors: Arcos Design
Published: August 2024

O presente número da revista Arcos Design busca promover o encontro de narrativas textuais e imagéticas que promovam outras formas de pensar, narrar e praticar mundos, propondo o título Designs por vir: pensar, narrar e praticar outros mundos. A temática ecoa e amplia o seminário de mesmo nome organizado na Esdi/UERJ entre 31 agosto e 1 de setembro de 2023.
Neste volume, reiteramos nossa política editorial de reservar uma edição para trazer editores convidados que contribuam com a ampliação das temáticas do campo. 
Para representar outras representações, narrar outras narrativas e, por fim, praticar outras práticas convidamos as editoras Carolina Noury (Esdi/UERJ) e Marina Sirito (UFRJ), organizadoras do evento, para lançarem esta chamada temática. 
Designs por vir: pensar, narrar e praticar outros mundos conta com 5 palestras, e 17 artigos de 38 autores. A edição também apresenta a seção de artigos submetidos em fluxo contínuo em ampla temática que conta com 5 artigos de 11 autores. 
Também inauguramos a seção Dossiê ESDI, composta exclusivamente por artigos submetidos por docentes, discentes e egressos vinculados à Esdi/UERJ. A proposta desta seção é uma permanente construção que registre a produção acadêmica agora e ao longo das próximas edições. Embora se trate de uma chamada interna, a seção conta com avaliação duplo-cega de avaliadores exclusivamente externos à UERJ. Nesta edição, contamos com dois artigos de duas autoras egressas do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Design da UERJ (PPDESDI).
Esta edição da revista Arcos Design reflete a produção de 16  universidades brasileiras e 1 universidade estrangeira.  
Desejamos uma boa leitura!
André Carvalho, Esdi/UERJBarbara Necyk, Esdi/UERJCarolina Noury, Esdi/UERJRicardo Artur P. Carvalho, Esdi/UERJ
Young people face ‘unacceptable’ delays in eating disorder services
Authors: Warren-Lister Megan
Published: August 2024

NHS waiting times to access treatment for eating disorders are at crisis point following the pandemic, with experts warning that delays could be putting children's lives at risk and need to be tackled urgently
How to be a social leader
Authors: O'Sullivan June
Published: August 2024

Those working in the early years have a shared goal to give children the best possible start in life. Here are six essential elements of leadership that define the social purpose to make a difference
Review of Ukraine schemes
Authors: East Alison
Published: August 2024

With Homes for Ukraine and other schemes to support Ukrainians having been running for a year, Alison East, senior solicitor at Coram Children's Legal Centre, assesses their successes
Essential breaks bring young carers together
Authors: Jóźwiak Gabriella
Published: August 2024

Young carers get breaks from family responsibilities to socialise and share experiences with peers while taking part in activities and learning new skillls
Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein Mediated Hypercalcaemia Due to Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma Originating from Pilonidal Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Montebello Annalisa , Grech Martina , Maniscalco Nicoletta , Pisani David
Published: August 2024

A 56-year-old male presented with a longstanding, gradually enlarging, painful, skin lesion over the natal cleft. This was initially thought to be a pilonidal abscess but, following multiple surgeries, he was diagnosed with Stage IVb squamous cell carcinoma of the natal cleft skin with bilateral inguinal lymph node metastases and subcutaneous metastatic deposits. Complete surgical cure was not possible. He underwent radiotherapy, cisplatin chemotherapy and cemiplimab immunotherapy to control his disease. His course was complicated by severe humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy (HHM) resistant to medical therapy. His disease progressed, and he developed widespread metastases. He was thus transferred to palliative care with pain control being the major priority. He died within a year of diagnosis.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SCIATICA PATIENTS LISTED FOR A SPINAL EPIDURAL STEROID INJECTION AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES: RESULTS FROM THE POISE COHORT STUDY
Authors: Stynes S. , Daud N. , Cherrington A. , Snell K.I.E. , Konstantinou K. , O'Dowd J. , Ostelo R. , Dunn K.M. , Foster N.E.
Published: August 2024

Background

Clinical guidelines recommend epidural steroid injection (ESI) for severe sciatica but there is uncertainty of effectiveness. The POiSE study aims to identify factors, routinely collected in clinical practice that predict outcome in patients who have ESI. This presentation describes characteristics and early clinical outcomes of POiSE participants.

Methods

Prospective cohort study in 19 NHS spinal services in England, inviting patients with sciatica listed for an ESI. Participant baseline characteristics and 6-week follow-up outcomes are presented. Outcomes include pain intensity (0–10 NRS), disability (Oswestry Disability Index 0–100) and global change in symptoms.

Results

Over 24 months, 693 patients were invited to participate and 353 (51%) completed baseline questionnaires. Mean (SD) age 49.0 years (14.4), 60% female, and 46% (n=101) of those in work had certified time-off for sciatica. Mean pain intensity was 7.2 (2.0) and 6.2 (2.7) for leg and back pain respectively and mean disability (ODI) was 46.5 (18). 60% (n=210) had leg pain for >6 months. Average confidence at baseline (0 to 10) that the ESI would help symptoms was 5.7 (2.4).

Of 217 patients reaching 6-week follow-up, mean leg and back pain intensity is 5.0 (2.8) and 4.9 (2.9) respectively and ODI 36.6 (20.4), with 57% reporting improvement (completely recovered/much better/better). Follow-up data collection at 6, 12 and 24-weeks post-ESI is ongoing.

Conclusion

Interim analysis shows only just over half of patients are reporting improvement at 6 weeks post ESI. The POiSE cohort study will help better identify the patients with sciatica who are most likely to benefit from this treatment.

Conflicts of interest

None

Sources of funding

This study is supported by Health Education England and the National Institute for Health and Care Research (HEE/ NIHR ICA Programme Clinical Lectureship, Dr Siobhan Stynes, NIHR300441). The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the National Institute for Health Research or the Department of Health and Social Care
MEASURING THE PREVALENCE, SEVERITY, AND SOURCES OF DISABILITY: A NEW APPROACH
Authors: Evans D W , Brownhill K
Published: August 2024

Background

Disability is an important multifaceted construct. Identifying sources of disability could help optimise patient care. The aim of this study was to test an approach that not only estimates severity of disability, but also identifies the source(s) of this disability.

Methods

An online survey was used to collect data from a convenience sample, recruited via email and social media invitations. Two generic measures of disability, the 8-item Universal Disability Index (UDI8) and Groningen Activity Restriction Scale (GARS) were used to estimate the prevalence and severity of disability in this sample. Non-zero UDI8 item responses generated conditional sub-questions, in which participants could attribute their activity limitations to one or more sources (pain, fatigue, worry, mood, and other). This allowed for a decomposition of UDI8 scores into source components.

Results

403 participants enrolled; 334 completed all UDI8 and GARS items. Of these, 85.3% (285/334) reported at least one restricted activity via the UDI8, while 43.4% (145/334) reported some reduced independence via the GARS. Disability severity increased with age until approximately 40 years, after which it decreased gradually. Pain component scores were high in all individuals with higher and lower disability severity, whereas fatigue component scores were highest in individuals reporting higher disability severity. Worry, mood, and other component scores were not high at any level of disability severity.

Conclusions

This approach should be used to identify the prevalence, severity and sources of disability in the general population and in specific patient groups.

Conflicts of interest

No conflicts of interest

Sources of funding

No funding obtained
PAIN RELIEF AFTER INSTRUMENTED SPINAL SURGERY
Authors: Wilson M.J. , Cole A. , Hewson D. , Hind D. , Hawksworth O. , Hyslop M. , Keetharuth A. , Macfarlane A. , Martin B. , McLeod G. , Rombach I. , Swaby L. , Tripathi S. , Wilby M.
Published: August 2024

Background

Over 55,000 spinal operations are performed annually in the NHS. Effective postoperative analgesia facilitates early mobilisation and assists rehabilitation and hospital discharge, but is difficult to achieve with conventional, opioid-based, oral analgesia. The clinical and cost-effectiveness of two alternative techniques, namely intrathecal opioid and the more novel erector-spinae plane blockade, is unknown. The Pain Relief After Instrumented Spinal Surgery (PRAISE) trial aims to evaluate these techniques.

Methods

PRAISE is a multicentre, prospective, parallel group, patient-blinded, randomised trial, seeking to recruit 456 adult participants undergoing elective, posterior lumbar-instrumented spinal surgery from up to 25 NHS hospitals. Participants will be randomised 1:1:1 to receive (1) Usual Care with local wound infiltration, (2) Intrathecal Opioid plus Usual Care with local wound infiltration or (3) Erector Spinae Plane blockade plus Usual Care with no local wound infiltration. The primary outcome is pain on movement on a 100mm visual analogue scale at 24 hours post-surgery. Secondary outcomes include pain at rest, leg pain, quality of recovery (QoR-15), postoperative opioid consumption, time to mobilisation, length of hospital stay, health utility (EQ-5D-5L), adverse events and resource use. Parallel economic evaluation will estimate incremental cost-effectiveness ratios.

Results

Differences in the primary outcome at 24 hours will be estimated by mixed-effects linear regression modelling, with fixed effects for randomisation factors and other important prognostic variables, and random effects for centre, using the as-randomised population. Treatment effects with 95% confidence intervals will be presented.

Conclusion

The study is due to open in May 2024 and complete in 2026.

Conflicts of Interest

No conflicts of interest declared

Sources of Funding

NIHR Health Technology Award – grant number NIHR153170

Trial presentations so far

APOMP 2023 and 2024; RCOA conference, York, November 2023; Faculty of Pain Management training day, London, February 2024.
“YOU'RE NOT BLEEDING SO PHONE 111!”: HOW NHS 111 EXPERIENCES INFORM THE DECISION TO ATTEND THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT WITH LOW BACK PAIN
Authors: Mouton L. , Roberts L.C. , Ryan C.
Published: August 2024

Purpose and background

Low back pain (LBP), a leading cause of chronic disability, is associated with high and disproportionate socioeconomic costs. Clinical assessment and triage via the NHS 111 service aims to reduce pressure on the urgent and emergency care system. Studies show that many attend the emergency department (ED) against advice, when they could be better managed elsewhere. The aim of this research was to explore how patients with LBP perceive and interact with NHS 111, and how this may have influenced their decision to attend ED.

Methods and Results

This was a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional, qualitative dataset of 47 patients (26M:21F, aged 23–79 years) purposively sampled with LBP, who attended 1 of 4 EDs in the UK in 2021, (during the pandemic). The participants took part in online, semi-structured interviews, mean duration 45-minutes (range 23–156 minutes), within six weeks of their ED visit. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed.

Three key themes were identified: purpose, process and performance. The themes showed mixed understanding and low awareness of the purpose of NHS 111, despite its strong triage role. Long waits for call backs however, sometimes resulted in patients attending ED, along with previous negative perspectives and experiences.

Conclusion

This research suggests enhanced visibility and knowledge of NHS 111 would increase its use by people with LBP. Further exploration comparing outcomes of callers to NHS 111 with those who seek care elsewhere, could help evaluate how NHS 111 can best help people with LBP and prevent unnecessary ED attendance.

No conflicts of interest

 

Sources of funding

Funding for primary data: Health Education England & National Institute of Health and Care Research (ICA-CDRF-2018-04-ST2-040)
DOES MANUAL HANDLING TRAINING INFLUENCE SPINE KINEMATICS?
Authors: Annetts S. , Hemming R.
Published: August 2024

Background

Musculoskeletal disorders, including low back pain, affects 68% of UK physiotherapists across their career with patient handling considered a key risk factor. Manual handling training is mandatory for all allied health professionals, however there is limited research investigating whether professionals adopt recommended manual handling principles following training.

Purpose of Study

To investigate spinal angles when facilitating sit-to-stand, and a turning manoeuvre in bed, comparing first-year physiotherapy students (who have not received manual handling training) with final-year physiotherapy students (who have received manual handling training).

Methods

Cross-sectional pilot study (n= 20; 10 first-year, 10 final-year). All participants were exposed to a short training video outlining how to safely perform each manoeuvre. Retroreflective markers were attached to: L4, ASIS, PSIS, T12, C7, tragus and canthus. Spinal (neck, thoracic, lumbar and pelvic) angles were established via digital photographs using a bespoke MATLAB programme (MathWorks). A Mann-Whitney U test was conducted to determine between group differences.

Results

No statistically significant results were observed between first-year and final-year students for both manoeuvres (p<0.05), except for neck angle during the turning manoeuvre (final-year students demonstrating more upright postures, p=0.037).

Interestingly, for the turning manoeuvre in bed it was noted that none of the participants adjusted the bed height.

Conclusion

The results suggest that clinical experience and routine manual handling training may not have a significant effect on spinal posture, especially in relation to pelvic, lumbar and thoracic angles. Further work is needed to understand how training relates to adoption of manual handling principles in practice.

Conflicts of interest

None

Sources of funding

None
Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of Tamarindus indica extracts against Fusarium oxysporum and Xanthomonas campestris
Authors: GITARI FREDRICK MUTEMBEI , GITHAE EUNICE WAMUYU , KURIA ERIC KIMANI
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Gitari FM, Githae EW, Kuria EK. 2023. Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of Tamarindus indica extracts against Fusarium oxysporum and Xanthomonas campestris. Intl J Trop Drylands 7: 73-82. Plant-pathogenic bacteria and fungi are a major threat to biodiversity and food security worldwide. The pathogens are difficult to control using cultural methods and have sometimes acquired resistance to conventional pesticides. This has necessitated the search for more efficient active compounds against them. One promising source of such compounds is tropical-medicinal plants such as Tamarindus indica L. This study first determined the phytochemical composition of T. indica extracts from different parts (leaves, bark, roots, and pods). Then it evaluated in-vitro the antimicrobial activity against plant pathogenic bacteria (Xanthomonas campestris) and fungi (Fusarium oxysporum). Crude extracts were obtained using different solvents (dichloromethane, methanol, and acetone). The analysis revealed the presence of nine pharmaco-active phytochemicals; methanol extracts had the highest concentrations of these phytochemicals. All extracts demonstrated inhibitory effects against F. oxysporum. However, the extracts did not show any antimicrobial effect against X. campestris. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the percentage of inhibition of F. oxysporum growth by different extracts. Generally, high growth inhibition was observed in media containing different plant extracts at 250 and 500 ppm concentrations. For acetone extracts, the highest inhibition (71.042%) was induced by root extract at a 250 ppm concentration, whereas for dichloromethane extracts, the highest inhibition (68.811%) was induced by 500 ppm of leaf extract. Methanol extracts from stem recorded the highest inhibition of 86.953% at concentrations of 125 ppm. This was followed by root extracts (75.169% inhibition) at 500 ppm. The T. indica, therefore, has great potential as a source of bio-pesticide for use in integrated pest management of F. oxysporum.
Agroecology, slow food and sustainable development goals (SDGs): resilience of agro-food systems, combat hunger, and local governance
Authors: Stroparo Telma Regina , Floriani Nicolas
Published: August 2024

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), transcending their prescribed targets and actions, propose a critical reflection on global food production and consumption patterns. These inquiries foster the promotion of resilient agri-food systems, with Agroecology identified as a pragmatically viable alternative for achieving the advocated goals. The scope of this article is to discuss these intersections, demonstrating that simple actions such as valuing local products, as advocated by Slow Food, can strengthen relationships and networks around food, promoting food security, preservation of knowledge, practices, traditions, and biodiversity, as well as the sense of belonging, improvement of quality of life, sustainable development, and local governance. Methodologically, this research is qualitative, adopting a bibliographical approach and employing a literature review to contextualize and reflect the problem, anchored in the Agroecology domains, SDGs, and the paradigm proposed by the Slow Food movement. This study substantially contributes to understanding the intricate relationships between the SDGs, agri-food systems, and Agroecology. By emphasizing the importance of seemingly simple practices, such as valuing local products, the article highlights the imperative of holistic and sustainable approaches to achieve broader sustainable development goals guided by the principles of “well-being.”
A Real-world Study Evaluating the Clinical Factors Associated with the Initial SGLT2 Inhibitor Prescription
Authors: Chu Michelle , Lou Mimi , Wang Mengxi , Flores Allison
Published: August 2024

Abstract: The American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines prioritize Sodicum-glucose transporter-2-inhibitors (SGLT2i) given cardio-renal and glycemic benefits. This study was conducted to observe clinical factors associated with initial SGLT2i prescription in type 2 diabetes patients eligible for SGLT2i by the ADA. Methods. A retrospective case-control study was performed in a safety-net clinic and consisted of the initial SGLT2i prescriptions group and the group without. The data from the electronic medical records between July 2021 and December 2022 were analyzed in the regressional models. Results. There was a significant association between A1c ≥8% (OR 3.7, p=.01), heart failure (OR 19.3, p<.0001), a history of hypotension (OR 11.9, p=.01), and sulfonylureas (OR 6.5, p=.003) with the SGLT2i prescription. Conclusion. Patients with high A1c levels, heart failure, a history of hypotension, and sulfonylureas were more likely than their counterparts to receive SGLT2i prescriptions. Future research should investigate adherence and provider prescribing behaviors related to SGLT2i to further assess optimal drug use.
Advancing Health Equity: A Collaborative Framework to Address HIV Disparities in Georgia and Louisiana through Data, Education, and Policy Initiatives
Authors: Purcell Donrie J. , Standifer Maisha , Stroude Jareese , Martin Evan , Belton Alyson , Hopkin Jammie , McKinney Tonya , Warren Eric , Nawas George , Williams LaKeisha , Kennedy Kathleen
Published: August 2024

Abstract: The United States grapples with over 30,000 new HIV infections annually, a challenge exacerbated by delayed diagnosis and treatment. HIV stigma hinders data collection and contributes to health disparities. High-quality data and a community-driven approach are critical to reducing these disparities. The collaborative effort of the Satcher Health Leadership Institute at Morehouse School of Medicine, and the Center for Minority Health and Health Disparities Research and Education at Xavier University of Louisiana, addresses systemic barriers perpetuating the HIV epidemic in Georgia and Louisiana. We influence policy, implement an HIV education curriculum, map resources, and display data via the Health Equity Tracker. Stigma surrounding HIV/AIDS impedes disclosure, creates data gaps, and affects care quality and access. Addressing these data gaps, influencing policy, and implementing education are crucial steps to improving outcomes for Black people living with HIV/AIDS. This framework aligns with the federal Ending the HIV Epidemic program's goals, advancing health equity for vulnerable populations.
Flotsam: A Theory of Waste in the Anthropocene
Authors: McAvan Emily
Published: August 2024

Abstract: In this article, I propose the concept of flotsam –waste washed-up or discarded in water –as a means of making sense of the pollution of the Anthropocene. Using examples taken from science fiction, notably that of J.G. Ballard’s novel The Drought , I suggest that flotsam (and jetsam) embody a capitalist logic in the Anthropocene in which potentially any being, human or non-human, and any thing, can become waste in a capitalist economy built on calculations of use-value, in what Marx called the “metabolic interaction” between nature and human.
Unveiling enamel demineralization mechanisms by sensitive dielectric differentiation based on terahertz nanospectroscopy
Authors: Xiao Feng , Zhang Xiaoqiuyan , Xu Xingxing , Zhang Tianyu , Tang Fu , Yin Haowei , Hu Tao , Lei Lei , Cheng Li , Hu Min
Published: August 2024

The early stage of dental caries, i.e. demineralization, has always been a topic of concern to dentists. Understanding the essential mechanism of its occurrence is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of dental caries. However, owing to limitations in resolution and the detection capabilities of diagnostic tools, the study of enamel demineralization has always been a challenge. Terahertz (THz) technology, especially the combination of scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) and THz time-domain spectroscopy (TDS), due to its nanoscale resolution, has shown great advantages in the field of biological imaging. Here, a THz s-SNOM system is used to perform near-field imaging of enamel before and after demineralization at the nanoscale. It can be found that near-field signals decrease significantly after demineralization. This is due to the changes of the crystal lattice and the transfer of mineral ions during demineralization, which leads to a decrease in the permittivity of the enamel. The novel approach in this study reveals the essence of demineralization and lays the groundwork for additional research and potential interventions.
Monitoring Preimplantation Embryo Development Using a 3D Holographic Video Microscope and AI-Assisted Image Analysis
Authors: Godefroy G. , Fiche C. , Desissaire S. , Hervé L. , Cantat-Moltrecht T. , Tebbakh C. , Loeuillet C. , Arnoult C. , Del Llano Edgar , Ray P. F. , Paviolo C.
Published: August 2024

Selecting viable embryos for in vitro fertilization is challenging. We propose a workflow involving a 3D holographic video system and AI-assisted image analysis combining segmentation and tracking to monitor the morphological characteristics of embryo development.
NeRF-based computer-generated holography
Authors: Shimobaba Tomoyoshi , Kang Minsung , Wang Fan , Rumano Kai , Ito Tomoyoshi
Published: August 2024

This study introduces hologram generation from two-dimensional images using neural radiance fields (NeRF). The proposed method enables the generation of holograms capable of reproducing 3D images viewing at arbitrary viewpoints.
Neural network based subspace analysis for estimation of phase derivatives from noisy interferograms
Authors: Pandey Dhruvam , Ram Viren S , Gannavarpu Rajshekhar
Published: August 2024

This article introduces a robust phase derivative estimation method using deep learning-assisted subspace analysis. Simulation results validate the performance of the proposed approach under severe noise conditions.
Fast Deep Coherence Holography (FDCH) for 3D Object Reconstruction
Authors: Trieu Quang , Nehmetallah George
Published: August 2024

We propose a fast and position independent deep learning based coherence holography method to reconstruct the total 3D object from two interferograms at a fixed camera location yielding a better result in terms of accuracy and time.
Quantitative Phase Microscopy of hypoxic epithelial cells using the Transport of Intensity Equation
Authors: Silva Alejandro , Arocena Miguel , Fernández Ariel , Alonso Julia R.
Published: August 2024

Quantitative Phase Imaging of epithelial cells under different levels of hypoxia can be achieved by acquiring a multifocus stack with a 3D printed microscope and using the Transport of Intensity Equation. Experimental results are provided.
In-vivo sound localization of anurans made possible by digital holography
Authors: Kieber Rémi , Letourneur Stéphane , Sowinski Morgane , Joly Nicolas , Aujard Fabienne , Brun Emmanuel , Boistel Renaud , Picart Pascal
Published: August 2024

This paper presents a methodology and related experimental results as a first attempt to answer the question of anuran audition and their ability to localize sound at acoustic frequencies they should not.
Advances in Digital Holography: compact system integration for monitoring and diagnosis of astronaut health in space applications
Authors: Giugliano Giusy , Miccio Lisa , Bianco Vittorio , Pirone Daniele , Memmolo Pasquale , Ferraro Pietro
Published: August 2024

Extreme conditions' impact on astronaut health necessitates robust diagnostics. Here, we propose to integrate telemedicine, compact devices, and Quantitative Phase Imaging with Artificial Intelligence as a diagnosis tool promising revolutionary advancements in space healthcare applications.
Compact Self-Interference Digital Holographic Microscope Based on a Budget Fresnel Bi-Mirror
Authors: Buitrago-Duque C. , Garcia-Sucerquia J.
Published: August 2024

A compact off-axis self-interference digital holographic microscope (DHM) is presented. Using a bi-mirror as the shearing element, this architecture enables single-shot spherical-aberration-free quantitative imaging for a fraction of the cost of similar DHM systems.
Lateral shear interferometry for shape accuracy measurements of 3D-printed micro-optics
Authors: Zhao Yanqiu , Wang Lunwei , Siegle Leander , Giessen Harald
Published: August 2024

Lateral shear interferometry is utilized to assess the shape accuracy of 3D-printed micro-optics. Different 3rd order aberrations are added deliberately to the lens design. The printing accuracy is evaluated, demonstrating lambda/100 RMS wavefront error for lenses with d = 140 µm and f = 570 µm.
EREMITE: A marinE infRastructurE to MonItor the sTate of the sEas
Authors: Distante Cosimo , Carcagni Pierluigi , da Silva Júnior Andouglas Gonçalves , Gonçalves Luiz Marcos Garcia
Published: August 2024

EREMITE is a low-cost and open multi-sensory system that monitors and digitises our coastal marine ecosystems to understand their state, ecological health and functioning, with the concept of any sensor, anytime, anywhere. It is made of an optical multi-sensing system onboard an autonomous sailboat that perceives and reasons about underwater abiotic and biotic conditions of our critical natural resources. Besides standard water quality parameters acquired with COTS optical sensors, the drone implements a digital holographic microscope, able to detect in real-time micro-plastics and diatoms. The task of diatom classification and microplastics detection of particles flowing in the micro-channel occurs with deep learning methodologies, which have proven to perform reliably, as shown by the computed metrics.