bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulated seasonal impact on middle atmospheric ozone from high-energy electron precipitation related to pulsating aurorae
Authors: Verronen Pekka T. , Kero Antti , Partamies Noora , Szelag Monika E. , Oyama Shin-Ichiro , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Turunen Esa
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Recent simulation studies have provided evidence that pulsating aurorae (PsA) associated with high-energy electron precipitation is having a clear local impact on ozone chemistry in the polar middle mesosphere. However, it is not clear if PsA are frequent enough to cause longer-term effects of measurable magnitude. There is also an open question of the relative contribution of PsA-related energetic electron precipitation (PsA-EEP) to the total atmospheric forcing by solar energetic particle precipitation (EPP). Here we investigate the PsA-EEP impact on stratospheric and mesospheric odd hydrogen, odd nitrogen, and ozone concentrations. We make use of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model and recent understanding onPsA frequency, latitudinal and magnetic local time extent, and energy-flux spectra. Analysing an 18-month time period cover-ing all seasons, we particularly look at PsA-EEP impacts at two polar observation stations located at the opposite hemispheres: Tromso in the NH and Halley in the SH. We find that PsA-EEP can have a measurable impact on ozone concentration above 30 km altitude, with ozone depletion by up to 8 % seen in winter periods due to PsA-EEP-driven NOx enhancement. We also find that direct mesospheric NOx production by high-energy electrons (E > 100 keV) accounts for about half of the PsA-EEP-driven upper stratospheric ozone depletion. A larger PsA-EEP impact is seen the SH where the background dynamical variability is weaker than in the NH. Clearly indicated from our results, consideration of polar vortex dynamics is required to understand PsA-EEP impacts seen at ground observation stations, especially in the NH. We conclude that PsA-EEP has potential to make an important contribution to the total EPP forcing, thus it should be considered in atmospheric and climate simulations.
Fluvial carbon dioxide emission from the Lena River basin during spring flood
Authors: Vorobyev Sergey N. , Karlsson Jan , Kolesnichenko Yuri Y. , Koretz Mikhail , Pokrovsky Oleg S.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from inland waters of permafrost-affected regions is one of the key factor of circumpolar aquatic ecosystem response to climate warming and permafrost thaw. Riverine systems of central and eastern Siberia contribute a significant part of the water and carbon (C) export to the Arctic Ocean, yet their C exchange with the atmosphere remain poorly known due to lack of in-situ GHG concentration and emission estimates. Here we present the results of continuous in-situ pCO2 measurements over a 2600-km transect of the Lena River main stem and lower reaches of 20 major tributaries (together representing watershed area of 1,661,000 km2, 66 % of the Lena’s basin), conducted at the peak of the spring flood. The pCO2 in Lena (range 400–1400 µatm) and tributaries (range 400–1600 µatm) was oversaturated and remained generally stable (within ca. 20 %) over the night/day period and across the river channels. The pCO2 in tributaries increased northward with mean annual temperature decrease and permafrost increase; this change was positively correlated with C stock in soil and the proportion of deciduous needle-leaf forest and riparian vegetation. Based on gas transfer coefficients obtained from rivers of the Siberian permafrost zone, we calculated CO2 emission for the main stem and tributaries. Typical fluxes ranged from 1 to 2 g C m−2 d−1 (> 99 % CO2, < 1 % CH4) which is comparable with CO2 emission measured in Kolyma, Yukon and Mackenzie and permafrost-affected rivers in western Siberia. The areal C emissions from lotic waters of the Lena watershed were quantified via taking into account the total area of permanent and seasonal water of the Lena basin (28,000 km2). Assuming 6 months of the year of open water period and no emission under ice, the annual C emissions from the whole Lena basin range from 5 to 10 Tg C yr−1, which is comparable to the DOC and DIC lateral export to the Arctic Ocean.
Exploring how groundwater buffers the influence of heatwaves on vegetation function during multi-year droughts
Authors: Mu Mengyuan , De Kauwe Martin G. , Ukkola Anna M. , Pitman Andy J. , Guo Weidong , Hobeichi Sanaa , Briggs Peter R.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The co-occurrence of droughts and heatwaves can have significant impacts on many socioeconomic and environmental systems. Groundwater has the potential to moderate the impact of droughts and heatwaves by moistening the soil and enabling vegetation to maintain higher evaporation, thereby cooling the canopy. We use the Community Atmosphere Biosphere Land Exchange (CABLE) land surface model, coupled to a groundwater scheme, to examine how groundwater influences ecosystems under conditions of co-occurring droughts and heatwaves. We focus specifically on South East Australia for the period 2000–2019 when two significant droughts and multiple extreme heatwave events occurred. We found groundwater plays an important role in helping vegetation maintain transpiration, particularly in the first 1–2 years of a multi-year drought. Groundwater impedes gravity-driven drainage and moistens the root zone via capillary rise. These mechanisms reduced forest canopy temperatures by up to 5 °C during individual heatwaves, particularly where the water table depth is shallow. The role of groundwater diminishes as the drought lengthens beyond 2 years and soil water reserves are depleted. Further, the lack of deep roots or stomatal closure caused by high vapour pressure deficit or high temperatures can reduce the additional transpiration induced by groundwater. The capacity of groundwater to moderate both water and heat stress on ecosystems during simultaneous droughts and heatwaves is not represented in most global climate models, suggesting model projections may overestimate the risk of these events in the future.
WRF4PALM v1.0: a mesoscale dynamical driver for the microscale PALM model system 6.0
Authors: Lin Dongqi , Khan Basit , Katurji Marwan , Bird Leroy , Faria Ricardo , Revell Laura E.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. A set of Python-based tools, WRF4PALM, has been developed for offline nesting of the PALM model system 6.0 into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) modelling system. Time-dependent boundary conditions of the atmosphere are critical for accurate representation of microscale meteorological dynamics in high-resolution real-data simulations. WRF4PALM generates initial and boundary conditions from WRF outputs to provide time-varying meteorological forcing for PALM. The WRF model has been used across the atmospheric science community for a broad range of multidisciplinary applications. The PALM model system 6.0 is a turbulence-resolving large-eddy simulation model with an additional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) mode for atmospheric and oceanic boundary layer studies at microscale (Maronga et al., 2020). Currently PALM has the capability to ingest output from the regional scale Consortium for Small-scale Modelling (COSMO) atmospheric prediction model. However, COSMO is not an open source model and requires a licence agreement for operational use or academic research (http://www.cosmo-model.org/, last access: 23 April 2021).
This paper describes and validates the new free and open-source WRF4PALM tools (available at https://github.com/dongqi-DQ/WRF4PALM, last access: 23 April 2021). Two case studies using WRF4PALM are presented for Christchurch, New Zealand, which demonstrate successful PALM simulations driven by meteorological forcing from WRF outputs. The WRF4PALM tools presented here can potentially be used for micro- and mesoscale studies worldwide, for example in boundary layer studies, air pollution dispersion modelling, wildfire emissions and spread, urban weather forecasting, and agricultural meteorology.
Limitations of rainfall thresholds for debris-flow prediction in an Alpine catchment
Authors: Hirschberg Jacob , Badoux Alexandre , McArdell Brian W. , Leonarduzzi Elena , Molnar Peter
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The prediction of debris flows is relevant because this type of natural hazard can pose a threat to humans and infrastructure. Debris-flow (and landslide) early warning systems often rely on rainfall intensity-duration (ID) thresholds. Unfortunately, no standardized procedures exist for the determination of such ID thresholds, and a validation and uncertainty assessment is often missing in their formulation. As a consequence, updating, interpreting, generalizing and comparing rainfall thresholds is challenging. Using a 17-year record of rainfall and 67 debris flows in a Swiss Alpine catchment (Illgraben), we determined ID thresholds and associated uncertainties as a function of record length. Furthermore, we compared two methods for rainfall definition which consider both triggering and non-triggering events, based on linear regression and/or True Skill Statistic maximization. The main difference between these approaches and the well-known frequentist method is that non-triggering rainfall events were also considered here for obtaining ID-threshold parameters. Depending on the method applied, the ID-threshold parameters and their uncertainties differed significantly. We found that 25 debris flows are sufficient to constrain uncertainties in ID-threshold parameters to ±30 % for our study site. We further demonstrated the change in predictive performance of the two methods if a regional landslide data set was used instead of a local one, with important implications for ID-threshold determination. Furthermore, we tested if the ID-threshold performance can be increased by considering other rainfall properties (e.g. antecedent rainfall, maximum intensity) in a multivariate statistical learning algorithm based on decision trees (random forest). The highest predictive power was reached when the 30-min maximum accumulated rainfall was added to the ID variables, while no improvement was achieved by considering antecedent rainfall for debris-flow predictions in Illgraben. Although the increase in predictive performance with the random forest model was small, such a framework could be valuable for future studies if more predictors are available from measured or modelled data.
Recurrence analysis of extreme event-like data
Authors: Banerjee Abhirup , Goswami Bedartha , Hirata Yoshito , Eroglu Deniz , Merz Bruno , Kurths Jürgen , Marwan Norbert
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The identification of recurrences at various timescales in extreme event-like time series is challenging because of the rare occurrence of events which are separated by large temporal gaps. Most of the existing time series analysis techniques cannot be used to analyze an extreme event-like time series in its unaltered form. The study of the system dynamics by reconstruction of the phase space using the standard delay embedding method is not directly applicable to event-like time series as it assumes a Euclidean notion of distance between states in the phase space. The edit distance method is a novel approach that uses the point-process nature of events. We propose a modification of edit distance to analyze the dynamics of extreme event-like time series by incorporating a nonlinear function which takes into account the sparse distribution of extreme events and utilizes the physical significance of their temporal pattern. We apply the modified edit distance method to event-like data generated from point process as well as flood event series constructed from discharge data of the Mississippi River in the USA and compute their recurrence plots. From the recurrence analysis, we are able to quantify the deterministic properties of extreme event-like data. We also show that there is a significant serial dependency in the flood time series by using the random shuffle surrogate method.
Wind turbines in atmospheric flow: fluid–structure interaction simulations with hybrid turbulence modeling
Authors: Grinderslev Christian , Sørensen Niels Nørmark , Horcas Sergio González , Troldborg Niels , Zahle Frederik
Published: May 2021

Abstract. In order to design future large wind turbines, knowledge is needed about the impact of aero-elasticity on the rotor loads and performance and about the physics of the atmospheric flow surrounding the turbines. The objective of the present work is to study both effects by means of high-fidelity rotor-resolved numerical simulations. In particular, unsteady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of a 2.3 MW wind turbine are conducted, this rotor being the largest design with relevant experimental data available to the authors. Turbulence is modeled with two different approaches. On one hand, a model using the well-established technique of improved delayed detached eddy simulation (IDDES) is employed. An additional set of simulations relies on a novel hybrid turbulence model, developed within the framework of the present work. It consists of a blend of a large-eddy simulation (LES) model by Deardorff for atmospheric flow and an IDDES model for the separated flow near the rotor geometry. In the same way, the assessment of the influence of the blade flexibility is performed by comparing two different sets of computations. The first group accounts for a structural multi-body dynamics (MBD) model of the blades. The MBD solver was coupled to the CFD solver during run time with a staggered fluid–structure interaction (FSI) scheme. The second set of simulations uses the original rotor geometry, without accounting for any structural deflection. The results of the present work show no significant difference between the IDDES and the hybrid turbulence model. In a similar manner, and due to the fact that the considered rotor was relatively stiff, the loading variation introduced by the blade flexibility was found to be negligible when compared to the influence of inflow turbulence. The simulation method validated here is considered highly relevant for future turbine designs, where the impact of blade elasticity will be significant and the detailed structure of the atmospheric inflow will be important.
Influence of occlusal anatomy on acrylic resin CAD/CAM crowns fracture load and stress distribution.
Authors: Borges Alexandre Luiz Souto , De Lima Aline Lins , Campaner Larissa Mendes , Bottino Marco Antonio , Dal Piva Amanda Maria de Oliveira , Tribst João Paulo Mendes
Published: May 2021

Objectives: This study compared the influence of occlusal anatomy on acrylic CAD/CAM crowns fracture load and stress distribution. The null hypothesis was that there would be no difference between the provisional crowns fracture load and stress according to different occlusal anatomy.Methods: A full-crown preparation was simulated using dentin analogue (G10, Protec, São Paulo, Brazil) totaling 20 identical preparations. Next, twenty acrylic crowns were milled using different occlusal design parameter (Young or Adult) available in the software database. The crowns were cemented (Temp-bond, NE Kerr Dental, Brea, CA, USA) and fractured using a compressive load (0.5 mm/min of cross-head speed). Data were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (p< 0.05). A similar geometry was modeled and exported to the analysis software to perform a static structural analysis. The maximum principal stress was calculated using the finite element method with 300 N chewing load simulation.Results: The occlusal anatomy significantly influenced the load-to-fracture (p<0.05). Young design showed lower fracture load (1139±132 N) than Adult design (2007±345 N). The tensile stress distribution showed a similar pattern for both groups however the highest stress peak was calculated for Young design (76 MPa) in the occlusal surface.Conclusion: The anatomy design with higher cusp angulation and occlusal sulcus more evident can increase the stress concentration and reduce the fracture load for acrylic resin CAD/CAM crowns.
The causes of ethical turpitude in schools: Evidence from four schools in Gauteng, South Africa
Authors: Mthiyane Siphiwe , Mudadigwa Sipiwe
Published: May 2021

This article reports the findings of a qualitative study that explored the causes of ethical turpitude in the four schools in Gauteng Province of South Africa. Semi-structured interviews were held with each school principal, eight heads of department and sixteen teachers. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the generated data. The findings suggest that most participants had pedestrian knowledge of ethical leadership and failed to demonstrate an appreciation of their agency role in promoting an ethical culture both in leadership and teaching despite the prescripts of the SACE Code of Professional Ethics and other laws governing their profession. Despite these negative findings, a minority of participants indicated how they promoted an ethical culture, integrity and honesty in their interactions with their learners. Amidst all the ethical challenges at the school level, the findings further suggest that there was minimal support by the Provincial Department of Education, SACE and teacher unions to equip the school management teams and teachers on ethical leadership and teaching. While numerous ethical turpitudes were unearthed, this study posits that the school management teams have agency and direct responsibility to address ethical challenges in their schools. While outside role-players have a supportive role to play, school management teams cannot give up and solely blame them for internal ethical turpitudes.
Remuneration and Job Performance of Teachers in Government Aided Secondary Schools in Western Uganda
Authors: Dinensio Kiyundo Zikanga Dinensio Kiyundo Zikanga , Blessing Ijeoma Anumaka Blessing Ijeoma Anumaka , Maurice Bakaluba Tamale Maurice Bakaluba Tamale , Wilson Mugizi Wilson Mugizi
Published: May 2021

The study investigated the relationship between remuneration and job performance of teachers in government-aided secondary schools in Western Uganda. Remuneration was studied in terms of basic pay, income security schemes, and bonuses and allowances. Teachers’ job performance was considered in terms of classroom teaching, management of students, discipline and regularity and interpersonal relations. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design using the quantitative approach on a sample of 333 teachers. Data were collected using both a questionnaire. Descriptive results revealed that job performance of teachers high and remuneration moderate. Inferential analysis showed that while income security schemes had a positive and significant influence on teachers' job performance, basic pay had a positive but insignificant influence on teachers' job performance, and bonuses and allowances had a negative insignificant influence on teachers' job performance. It was concluded that low remuneration to teachers impedes high job performance, especially when basic pay is low and there is a lack of bonuses and allowances. Existence of income security schemes increases the job performance of teachers. Therefore, it was recommended that stakeholders involved in the management of schools such as Government, headteachers, and Boards of governors, devise means of enhancing the remuneration of teachers. Teachers should be given bonuses for exceeding performance and allowances when they do extra work. The pension plan and social welfare benefits should also be made attractive to increase the job performance of teachers.
Teachers’ Awareness and Competence in the Switch from Classroom-Based to Online Teaching During COVID-19 Pandemic in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Dr Oluwaseyi Emmanuel Alasoluyi Dr Oluwaseyi Emmanuel Alasoluyi
Published: May 2021

In the COVID-19 era, success in online curriculum delivery requires expertise, skills and competence. The study appraised the teachers’ awareness and competence in the switch from classroom-based to online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic in Lagos Mainland secondary schools, Nigeria. The study examined teachers’ awareness and competence level in the switch from classroom-based to online teaching using a descriptive survey research design. Random sampling was used to determine the sample size, which comprises 378 public secondary school teachers. A self-developed questionnaire was used to generate data. Cronbach Alpha method was used to determine the reliability of the instrument, and the pilot study yielded a coefficient of 0.83, which was deemed high enough to make the instrument reliable for the study. Frequency counts, mean, and standard deviation were used to analyse the data obtained, while chi-square (?2) was used to analysed the null hypotheses at a 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that teachers are reasonably aware of the switch from classroom-based to online teaching. However, the results demonstrated that teachers have low competence due to a lack of technological resources and technical know-how. Recommendations were made, among others, that teachers should keep up with the latest developments in the teaching field via development programmes. More importantly, teachers should be well-versed in the use of digital to accomplish instructional objectives efficiently, confidently, particularly during COVID-19 when classroom-based instruction was suspended.
Guest Editorial: Research and clinical findings - a wholistic view
Authors: Hanson Marvin
Published: May 2021

Valuable information is available to clinicians both from research articles, and reports from clinicians. Both sources have limitations. Research, with the exception of longitudinal studies, tends to isolate a variable or two from the whole, limiting its usefulness. Clinical techniques reported are sometimes biased, and perform well for certain therapists in certain settings, and not so well for others. Interrelationships are important among variables such as dentition, anatomy, physiology, oral muscle functions, oral rest postures, eating, and speech. Each affects the others. Equally important are interrelationships among all the specialists who treat patients with orofacial myofunctional disorders. A wholistic approach to the evaluation and treatment of orofacial disorders is advocated.
A one-page orofacial myofunctional assessment form: a proposal
Authors: Paskay Licia
Published: May 2021

The author presents her own proposal of a one-page orofacial myofunctional assessment and for each item on the list a brief rationale is provided. The protocol is an easy but comprehensive form that can be faxed or emailed to referral sources as needed. As science provides more objective assessment and evaluation tools, this one-page form can be easily modified.
Lingual Frenulum Protocol
Authors:   CEFAC, Sao Paulo, Marchesan Irene
Published: May 2021

An efficient lingual frenulum protocol with scores is presented. From a specific lingual frenulum evaluation used until 2004, a new protocol was designed. Ten speech language pathologists experienced in orofacial myology used the new protocol with different groups of subjects. 1235 subjects were evaluated during 3 years. From the experience of these ten speech language pathologists, the protocol was re-structured, and a scoring system was added. Absence of alteration (normal tongue and frenulum) was scored zero. The alterations observed were scored in ascending order. Four additional speech language pathologists experienced in orofacial myology were trained by the researcher to administer the final version of the protocol. The protocol was administered in 2008 and 2009 to 239 subjects: 160 children between 7 years and 2 months old and 11 years and 7 months old; and to 79 adults from 16 years and 8 months or older. From the results of administration of the protocol, a new lingual frenulum protocol with scores was designed. According to the scores, the frenulum can be considered altered or normal. When the sum of general tests is equal or higher than 3, the frenulum may be altered. The interference of the lingual frenulum in the oral functions may be considered when the sum of the functional tests is equal or higher than 25. This new lingual frenulum protocol with scores was designed and has been an efficient tool to diagnose an altered lingual frenulum.
Negative pressure and muscle activity during discrete sips from high resistance straws
Authors:   Mayo Clinic, Heather Heather , Shelton Natalia ,   Boca Speech Center
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the current investigation was to explore how intra-oral negative pressure and submental muscle activity vary across sips from straws varying in internal diameter and across conditions of low versus high effort. Healthy adults took discrete sips from four straws varying in internal diameter. Sips were performed under normal and high effort conditions. Submental surface electromyography (sEMG) and negative intra-oral pressure were recorded during sips. Significant main effects of straw condition were observed for negative intra-oral pressure. A non-significant trend for increased muscle activity associated with smaller straw diameter was also observed. Significant main effects of effort condition were observed for both submental sEMG and negative intra-oral pressure. The findings are interpreted as supporting the clinical hypothesis that high resistance drinking straws varying in diameter may offer systematic overload to the oral musculature. The findings also support encouraging maximum effort to achieve even further overload.
Videofluoroscopy of the oral phase of swallowing in eight to twelve years old children with dental malocclusion
Authors:   UNIFESP/Escola Paulista de Medicina, Junqueira Patricia , Costa Milton ,   UFRJ Biomedical Science Institute
Published: May 2021

The objective of this study was to describe the oral phase of swallowing in individuals with dental malocclusion and to generate data that would contribute to the rehabilitation of those patients. The study was based on the evaluation of the swallowing system through videofluoroscopy on thirty-four children of both genders, aged eight to twelve years old who present with Angle Class II and III dental malocclusions. Thirteen children of similar age and gender presenting normal dental occlusion formed the control group. The results indicated that the oral phase of swallowing is different between individuals with normal occlusion and malocclusion. Dental occlusion types Angle Class II and III did not present a swallowing pattern, independently of the amount of liquid ingested. The swallowing appeared effective in the oral phase of individuals with dental malocclusion, even though adaptations were identified. The outcome, in the absence of a single pattern and the efficiency of the adapted swallowing demonstrates, first a need for additional research investigating orofacial myofunctional treatment for patients with malocclusion and second how such analyses should focus on contributing positively to the rehabilitation of these patients.
A review of electrical stimulation and its effect on lingual, labial and buccal muscle strength
Authors:   Howard University, Safi Mohammed , Wright-Harp Wilhelmia , Lucker Jay , Payne Joan , Harris O
Published: May 2021

Background. Lingual, labial and buccal weakness (LLBW) is a widespread consequence of several neurological insults. LLBW impact on oral motor functions such as speech production and swallowing is well documented in the literature. Therefore, it is important for the speech-language pathologists to have access to evidence-based approaches for treatment. Thus, it is imperative that the speech­language pathology field search for effective treatment approaches and explore new treatment modalities that can improve therapy outcomes. One relatively new modality in this field is neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES). Aims. The purpose of this paper is fivefold: (a) to provide an overview of the general effects of NMES on skeletal muscles; (b) to review the effect of NMES on orofacial musculature evaluating the potential appropriateness of NMES for use in strengthening lingual, labial and buccal muscles; (c) to identify future directions for research with consideration of its potential role in improving speech intelligibility and the oral preparatory phase of swallowing in patients with oral motor weakness; (d) to provide a brief anatomic and physiologic bases of LLBW; (e) to provide background information for orofacial myologists who may encounter Individuals with LLBW. Main Contribution. NMES is a modality that is commonly used in physical therapy and occupational therapy fields that assists in treating several motor and sensory muscular disorders including muscular weakness. The literature reviewed demonstrate that very limited data related to the use of NMES on orofacial muscles exist despite the fact that these muscles can be easily accessed by electrical stimulation from the surface. Conclusions. This review of the research using electrical stimulation of muscles highlights the need for experimental treatment studies that investigate the effect of NMES on orofacial weakness.
La Realidad Aumentada para la cobertura informativa de las Elecciones Generales en España (2019). El caso del Grupo Atresmedia
Authors: Eguskiza-Sesumaga Leyre , Azkunaga-García Leire , Gaztaka-Eguskiza Ignacio
Published: May 2021

La presente investigación examina el uso de la Realidad Aumentada para la cobertura informativa de las elecciones generales españolas en abril y noviembre de 2019. El objeto de estudio se circunscribe al grupo mediático Atresmedia, y más concretamente a dos de sus cadenas de televisión de cabecera: Antena 3 y La Sexta. A través de una metodología que aúna aspectos de análisis cuantitativos y cualitativos, se ha estudiado el rol que desempeña esta innovadora herramienta dentro de la narración informativa, así como su integración con la escenografía virtual del plató –presentador/a, pantalla cóncava, suelo reflectante– y las diferentes formas y funciones que adopta. Los datos obtenidos han permitido comprobar la existencia de patrones comunes, al igual que de notables diferencias, en la aplicación de la RA al discurso televisivo-informativo durante ambas convocatorias electorales.
Desinformación online y fact-checking en entornos de polarización social
Authors: Rodríguez-Pérez Carlos
Published: May 2021

Este artículo analiza el periodismo de verificación de Colombiacheck, La Silla Vacía y AFP Colombia en un entorno polarizado como el paro nacional del 21 de noviembre del 2019. Mediante un análisis de contenido (n=90) se halló que la desinformación adoptó un formato visual (imágenes y vídeos) estableciéndose una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el formato de los contenidos y el uso de herramientas de verificación. En segundo lugar, se observó que no hay asociación entre la calificación de la verificación con el uso de estas herramientas ni entre el canal de propagación con la tipología de desinformación. En tercer lugar, se observaron diferencias entre los medios en el uso de escalas y categorías de verificación y en la extensión de los chequeos. Por último, se contrastaron los chequeos a hechos comunes para medir el grado de acuerdo obteniéndose valores críticos de confiabilidad al comparar Colombiacheck y La Silla Vacía con AFP.
La nueva prensa cooperativista en la Europa occidental: un modelo alternativo entre la tradición y la innovación periodística
Authors: Camps Durban Eloi
Published: May 2021

El presente artículo analiza las características de la actual prensa cooperativista en la Europa occidental. Si bien el modelo cooperativo ya se había dado con anterioridad en los medios de comunicación, desde el estallido de la crisis de 2008 se ha producido un surgimiento simultáneo de proyectos de este tipo en diferentes países europeos. Sostenemos que los medios cooperativos aportan un enfoque innovador a la empresa periodística convencional y que continúan parcialmente la herencia de la comunicación alternativa. Para probar esta hipótesis, realizamos una investigación exploratoria y descriptiva a partir de una muestra de casos representativos. En primer lugar, analizamos los discursos metaperiodísticos de estos medios, y luego detectamos y describimos los elementos innovadores presentes en ellos. Constatamos que la actual prensa cooperativista europea supone vía alternativa a la innovación periodística gracias a un modelo de contenidos, organización, financiación y rendición de cuentas único.
Tendencias de cambio en el comportamiento juvenil ante los media: Millennials vs Generación Z
Authors: López Vidales Nereida , Gómez Rubio Leire
Published: May 2021

El consumo mediático de quienes en 2020 tienen entre 18 y 25 años marca la frontera entre lo viejo y lo nuevo en producción y acceso a contenidos mediáticos, pero también señala cambios en el comportamiento social y mediático venidero. Mediante encuestas face to face con preguntas abiertas, 1.908 jóvenes de dos generaciones, millennials y generación Z, muestran cómo se está produciendo el cambio de paradigma comunicacional. Susceptibles, inteligentes, precoces, individualistas y pragmáticos, la generación Z es el reflejo de la globalización que ha supuesto internet y el fin de un escenario mediático donde coexistían medios y lenguajes diversos, protagonizada por los millennials. El análisis de sus respuestas revela que el punto de inflexión está en la nueva generación -menores de 21 años- que consume al tiempo información y entretenimiento por dispositivos conectados a Internet, abandonando los medios convencionales.
Ruta UX para comunicadores. Un modelo para el desarrollo de productos digitales desde la mirada de la comunicación
Authors: Ferrer-Mavárez María De los Ángeles , Aguirre-Villalobos Erwin Robert , Méndez-Sánchez Ronald Enrique
Published: May 2021

Esta investigación muestra la aplicación de una propuesta metodológica (Ruta UX para comunicadores) que persigue potenciar la creación o gestión de un proyecto de comunicación digital en profesionales de la comunicación, tomando como base la metodología UX. La metodología aplicada está enmarcada en un enfoque pedagógico de tipo aprendizaje experiencial dirigido, siguiendo fases propias de la metodología UX: testear, empatizar, investigar, diseñar y prototipar. Los estudiantes lograron desarrollar habilidades para aplicar técnicas e instrumentos de investigación y analizar los datos resultantes, lo cual les permitió definir los lineamientos básicos de organización y jerarquización del contenido, para finalmente hacer entrega de los insumos necesarios para el desarrollo de las futuras etapas del proyecto. En conclusión, esta metodología permitió a los estudiantes desarrollar competencias necesarias para liderar o formar parte de los equipos multidisciplinarios encargados del diseño y desarrollo de proyectos digitales sobre la base de la experiencia de usuario (UX).
Análisis de la implementación de la Realidad Aumentada como herramienta interactiva en medios impresos americanos
Authors: Villota Oyarvide Wellington Remigio , Gómez Masjuán Miguel Ernesto , Meneses Eloy López
Published: May 2021

El presente estudio analiza la manera en que dos medios impresos del continente americano emplean la Realidad Aumentada como herramienta interactiva. El empleo de la Realidad Aumentada en el periodismo impreso podría incrementar la interactividad de los usuarios con los periódicos, a la vez que atraería nuevos públicos, para despertarles el interés por la prensa impresa y así ampliar su audiencia y cuota de mercado. Se analizan cinco ejemplares de los diarios Burnaby NOW (Canadá) y Kids News (Argentina). Se concluye que los ejemplares analizados se suman al proceso de renovación y reinvención del ecosistema mediático, motivados por las transformaciones tecnológicas -desde el punto de vista infraestructural- y culturales y sociales -desde la óptica superestructural-, lo cual no solo trastoca los pilares de la profesión, sino también la estabilidad y supervivencia de las empresas periodísticas a las que pertenecen esos medios.
Hipertextualidad, multimedialidad y bidireccionalidad en los soportes lógicos para dispositivos móviles: una revisión crítica
Authors: Alonso del Barrio Estrella
Published: May 2021

El teléfono inteligente se ha consolidado como el gadget preferido para el acceso a la información, según el Digital News Report 2020. Por otro lado, hace años que los medios exploran las posibilidades de las aplicaciones para esos dispositivos y evitan así el acceso a versiones de escritorio desde smartphones y tablets. En este contexto, parece pertinente hacer una revisión crítica sobre la aplicación en apps pensadas para dispositivos móviles de las principales características relacionadas con los medios digitales: hipertextualidad, multimedialidad e interactividad. ¿Se comportan de igual manera? La formulación de esas características se corresponde con etapas del periodismo digital anteriores a la salida al mercado de smartphones y tablets; anteriores a que los medios comenzaran a pensar en soportes lógicos adecuados a los tamaños de los nuevos soportes físicos. En este trabajo revisamos estos tres conceptos desde el enfoque del periodismo pensado para ser distribuido en dispositivos móviles.
A Pilot Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial on the Efficacy and Safety of a Transdermal Gel that Delivers CO2 in the Treatment of Vulvovaginal Atrophy
Authors: Leibaschoff Gustavo , Arrieta Carmen , Reyes Carmen , Melamed Uliana
Published: May 2021

This prospective study aimed to assess the efficacy of a transdermal CO2 gel in promoting regeneration in the vulvovaginal area in postmenopausal women experiencing symptoms as part of genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM). Transdermal carboxytherapy refers to the application of CO2 through the skin's superficial layer, which is intended to increase oxygenation (through the Bohr effect) and angiogenesis, thus helping to reduce symptoms of GSM. In this study, 20 women with moderate or severe signs or symptoms of vulvovaginal atrophy were randomized to receive either transdermal CO2 therapy (n=10) or a placebo gel (ultrasound gel, n=10). The gels (transdermal CO2 gel or the placebo) were applied by the patients at home. The gels were applied in two treatment cycles (10 days of total treatment). Each cycle involved daily applications of the gel to the vulvovaginal area, from Monday to Friday, with no application on weekends. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and Day-to-Day Impact of Vaginal Aging (DIVA) questionnaires were used to gather standardized information, and biopsy samples were obtained from the vagina and vulva for histological analysis, both on the first day of treatment and 10 days after the final application of gel. Patients who received the transdermal CO2 gel showed significant improvements on the FSFI and DIVA questionnaires and the biopsies revealed that the CO2 gel had a regenerative effect on vulvovaginal tissues.
Determining the Relationship Between Career Future and Image Perception of Nursing Profession in Nursing Students
Authors: Şen Sevim , Özdilek Sedef , Öz Elif Nazlı
Published: May 2021

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this research is to examine the relationship between the future of career in nursing students and their image perceptions towards nursing profession. METHODS: The sample of the descriptive and cross-sectional research consisted of 149 students who studied at the Nursing Department and agreed to participate in the study. The data of the research were collected using an Information Form containing questions about demographic and career planning, Career Futures Inventory (CFI) and The Scale for The Image of Nursing Profession. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis test, Bonferroni test and Pearson correlation tests. RESULTS: The average age of the students participating in the study is 21.26 ± 1.67, 94.63% are women and the majority of them are Anatolian High School graduates. A positive correlation was found between student nurses' perceptions about their career future, their nursing image perceptions were weak, and their career future and their nursing image perceptions. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The average age of the students participating in the study was 21.26 ± 1.67, while 94.63% of them were female students and the majority of them were Anatolian High School graduates. Weakly positive correlations were found among student nurses’ perceptions about future of their career, their nursing image perceptions were weak, their career future and their nursing image perceptions.
Dialogues over decolonisation in East Africa: A case study of history education in Uganda
Authors:   Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, Sebbowa Dorothy , Majani William ,   Dar es Salaam University College of Education, Tanzania
Published: May 2021

This paper investigates History education in Uganda by interrogating data emerging from interviews with secondary History teachers. Two strands of literature are brought to the data analysis: one strand relates to how decolonisation has been conceptualised in interpretations of History education in Uganda; a second strand relates to what the most appropriate pedagogies might be to underpin History teaching and learning in this postcolonial setting. The pedagogical text is informed by the work of Bruner, Vygotsky and Hedegaard. This work feeds into reflections on how mutuality (Boyanton, 2015) and opportunities for dialogue, ownership and internalisation might be established and developed. We explore how psychological, social, emotional and cultural aspects of learning play a part in establishing a link between identity, relevance and significance which takes into account how teachers and learners give and receive value through a search for authenticity. The research findings confirm the need for students to be able to see themselves in the narrative, but they also include recognition of a broader imperative to understand the personal and local within wider regional and global contexts.
History education in Nigeria: Past, present and future
Authors: Akanbi Grace , Jekayinfa Alice ,   Emmanuel Alayande College of Education, Oyo, Nigeria,   University of Ilorin, Nigeria
Published: May 2021

Before and after the introduction of western education to Nigeria by Christian missionaries, the teaching and learning of history was given pride of place, although the contents of school history privileged the Bible and English history by celebrating the importance of the arrival of the colonial powers with their religion. This position, indeed this narrative, was challenged and contested by Nigerian nationalists even before 1960. Therefore, the need to overhaul the curriculum content arose after independence in October 1960 which led tothe organisation of the 1969 Curriculum Conference. Part of the outcome of the conference was the emergence of the first Indigenous education policy in 1977. However, in 1982 History was delisted from the basic school curriculum and retained only as an elective subject in the Senior Secondary school. The outcry from stakeholders since then (over thirty years) recently reached a crescendo and has yielded a positive change, as History was reintroduced into the school curriculum in the 2018/2019academic session. This paper, therefore, addresses the following questions, with recommendations on how the study of History might be promoted at all levels of education in Nigeria: What was the position of history education in the past? Why was it delisted from the basic school curriculum? What were the consequences of the delisting? How did it find its way back into the basic school curriculum? After reintroduction, what next?
Decolonising Lebanon’s post-conflict sense of national identity via curriculum change and history education: An impossible task?
Authors: Madaad Nina , Nasser-Eddine Minerva ,   University of Adelaide, Australia,   University of Adelaide, Australia
Published: May 2021

This paper investigates an important example of national identity formation in the Arab world and the role played by education and historiography. In Lebanon, like other states in the Middle East that became independent of colonial rule, a new form of national identity gradually developed following independence. Conflicting notions of national identity arose which resulted in a form of neo-traditionalism whereby political identities remained fluid and under-developed. Instead of developing a post-national decolonised identity, a debilitating and destabilising paradigm emerged, leading to the failure of decolonisation. By examining the failures of the construction of post-independence national identity, the paper will argue that these factors have led to instability and an overall crisis of legitimacy in Lebanon. By analysing these failures, recommendations are made to emphasise the importance of the role of history in education and how it may contribute to reconciliation and nation-building through civic participation.
Postcolonial history education: Issues, tensions and opportunities
Authors:   University of Tasmania, Brett Peter , Guyver Robert
Published: May 2021

This paper introduces a journal special issue devoted to an exploration of post-colonial history education with contributions from Ghana, Uganda, New Zealand, Canada, Botswana, Nigeria, Cyprus, Lebanon and London. It provides an overview of key issues, tensions and opportunities around decolonising the history curriculum. Relevant contexts such as the ‘History Wars’, subaltern studies, the conception of decolonising the mind and the possibilities of de-colonising pedagogies are explored. History education lenses around critical historical literacy, historical consciousness, multidimensional identities and multi-perspectivity are brought to bear upon the question of re-thinking forms of postcolonial history education. Specific political circumstances inform the nature of history education in every national jurisdiction; here the contemporary Black Lives Matter campaign, the fallout from the mismanagement of the fate of the ‘Windrush’ settlers in the UK and the recent focus of protestors globally upon colonial oppressors memorialised in statues frame the authors’ reflections. However, echoing the optimism of most of the special issue contributions, opportunities to build bridges between divided communities, open up more inclusive history curricula to student voices and nuance and complicate homogeneous national narratives are identified and recommended.
Pemetaan Kawasan Permukiman Kumuh di Kabupaten Mojokerto Berbasis Webmap
Authors: Vitianingsih Anik Vega , Tiara Shanty Ratna Nur , Sari Dita Prawita , Kristanto Titus
Published: May 2021

Pada tahun 2016 masih terdapat 35.291 Ha permukiman kumuh perkotaan yang tersebar di hampir seluruh wilayah Indonesia Kondisi tersebut diperkirakan akan terus mengalami penambahan apabila tidak ada bentuk penanganan yang inovatif, menyeluruh, dan tepat sasaran. Kabupaten Mojokerto merupakan wilayah yang masuk dalam daftar kawasan permukiman kumuh, hal ini berdasarkan daftar kabupaten/kota yang ada dalam program KOTAKU (Kota Tanpa Kumuh). Sedangkan peraturan UU Nomor 1 Tahun 2011 tentang Penanganan permukiman kumuh wajib dilakukan oleh Pemerintah, Kepala daerah dan atau setiap orang. Tidak diketahuinya tingkat kumuh dan penanganan yang sesegera mungkin di suatu kawasan dapat menimbulkan kawasan permukiman kumuh baru.
FSR19 and FSR25 confirmed as two new faint and metal-rich globular clusters in the galactic bulge
Authors: Obasi C. , Go´mez M. , Minniti D. , Alonso-Garc´ıa J.
Published: May 2021

We combined the near-IR photometry from the VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea extended Survey (VVVX) with Gaia EDR3 catalog to study some properties of FSR19 and FSR25. These are confirmed to be low luminosity metal-rich bulge globular clusters (Obasi et al. 2020). The proper motions (PM) remain unchanged and the Color magnitude diagrams (CMD) are consistent with what we previously reported and the red giant branches are narrower than the field.