bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A SEMIÓTICA TENSIVA: UMA TEORIA IMANENTE DO AFETO
Authors: Beividas Waldir
Published: July 2016

Este texto avança reflexões que buscam defender a hipótese de uma epistemologia do conhecimento humano, nomeada epistemologia discursiva. De estatuto imanente à linguagem, vem sendo preparada para rivalizar com a epistemologia das ciências naturais, via de regra realista, e com a epistemologia das filosofias, mormente transcendental. O texto é o quarto de um concerto de ideias, cujos três primeiros movimentos foram publicados, ou estão em vias de publicação, todos a procurar fundamentar tal epistemologia. Nascida da proposição do princípio do arbitrário e da Semiologia dele derivada, por F. Saussure, primeiro movimento, foi balizada pelo princípio da imanência da teoria da linguagem de L. Hjelmslev, segundo movimento, e edificada pelas proposições de A. J. Greimas em sua teoria semiótica, terceiro movimento. Seu progresso e eficácia heurística podem ser atestados na teoria da semiótica tensiva de Cl. Zilberberg, justamente porque avança um conhecimento sobre a região que mais desafia a imanência: a região do afeto, da sensibilidade. Geralmente tida por indócil à formalização, à estrutura, tal região é suposta como transcendente a uma gramática imanente do afeto. A semiótica tensiva de Zilberberg, integralmente subordinada à tradição linguística e ao princípio da imanência hjelmsleviana e greimasiana, ilustra a governança dessa epistemologia discursiva.
LARA, Glaucia Proença; LIMBERTI, Rita Pacheco (Org.). Discurso e (des)igualdade social. São Paulo: Contexto, 2015, 206p.
Authors: Gualda Ricardo
Published: July 2016

Discurso e (des)igualdade social, organizado por Glaucia Proença Lara e Rita Pachecho Limberti e publicado em 2015 pela Editora Contexto, traz uma discussão sobre um dos temas centrais da sociedade brasileira contemporânea e dos estudos do discurso. A coleção de ensaios apresentada traz duas contribuições importantes. Por um lado, autores consagrados internacionalmente, com longas e produtivas carreiras na área discutem o objeto que norteia o volume, qualificando o debate. De outro, o panorama de abordagens teórico-metodológicas da coleção revela a vitalidade, a multiplicidade e a abrangência dos estudos do discurso na atualidade. Ou seja, o livro é de interesse social pelo debate sobre a desigualdade social, que está presente cotidianamente em disciplinas acadêmicas próximas, na mídia, na política e nas conversas dos brasileiros (bem como de muitos outros povos), e também interessa ao estudante e profissional da área do discurso porque, centrado em um só objeto, mostra várias maneiras de abordá-lo teoricamente.
LE CERCLE SÉMIOTIQUE DE GREIMAS
Authors: Landowski Eric
Published: July 2016

Décrire de l’intérieur le mode de fonctionnement du groupe de recherche sémiotique créé par A. J. Greimas à la fin des années 1960, analyser son évolution jusqu’aujourd’hui, saisir l’image qu’il a donné de lui-même dans son environnement académique et sur la scène intellectuelle, et par là chercher à mieux comprendre la nature et l’étendue de son influence, mais aussi à en expliquer les limites, tel est l’objectif de cet article, esquisse d’une socio-sémiotique de l’aventure «greimassienne».
BANQUES CAMEROUNAISES ET «DISCOURS RELATIONNEL» SUR FACEBOOK: SOCIOSÉMIOTIQUE DES INSTANCES ET MODALITÉS DE PERFORMANCE
Authors: Ngodji Tcheutou Léopold , Tonyè Alphonse Joseph
Published: July 2016

Analyser les instances et les modalités de performance de deux banques camerounaises (SCB Cameroun et Société Générale Cameroun) à travers leur « discours relationnel » sur Facebook peut s’avérer porteur de sens dans le secteur bancaire. Par le biais d’un échange dynamique, caractérisé par l’interaction, nous procédons par une approche sociosémiotique pour questionner le rôle du « marketing relationnel 2.0 » dans la performance des marques bancaires en contexte. L’on note qu’à côté du faible taux d’« engagement » des pages facebook des marques bancaires camerounaises, leur discours relationnel sur Facebook rentre en permanence en conflit avec ceux des internautes sous la forme de désaccord verbal, inaperçu et apparemment mal géré par les communities managers des pages en question. Ce conflit rend ainsi imperceptible le rôle majeur que pourrait jouer cette plateforme, à côté des autres instances dans la performance des banques dans leurs quêtes de recrutement et de rétention des clients d’une part, d’association et de partage des valeurs et projets de l’entreprise par les cibles-internautes, d’autre part.
O ENUNCIATÁRIO EM POESIAS DIGITAIS
Authors: Gomes Regina Souza
Published: July 2016

As mudanças produzidas pelas novas práticas de relações intersubjetivas na internet, envolvendo os textos poéticos publicados na web, merecem a atenção dos estudiosos do discurso. Neste artigo, analisaremos o estatuto de participação do enunciatário de poesias digitais de língua portuguesa, a partir do quadro teórico da semiótica de linha francesa, observando seus modos de presença e práticas de leitura, apreensíveis pelos próprios enunciados. Levaremos principalmente em conta poemas que utilizam os recursos sincréticos, com animação, que o meio digital disponibiliza, publicados em diversos sites de poesia e sites oficiais de poetas disponíveis na web (sites como Errática, Zunái, Cronópios etc., e os de autores como o de Arnaldo Antunes, o de Augusto de Campos, entre outros), verificando como constituem o ciberleitor. Identificamos, na variedade de modos de leitura e de participação do enunciatário, uma tipologia que organiza em traços gerais as formas de constituição desses leitores, relativamente à competencialização cognitiva e pragmática pressuposta à leitura e à maneira como fazem face à convocação pelo enunciador à participação e à experimentação lúdica e estética dos recursos expressivos. Enfim, é preciso compreender também de que modo essas práticas de leitura se aproximam ou se distanciam das que já se fazem presentes nos textos impressos.
A LITERATURA NA REDE: UMA LITERATURA ENREDADA?
Authors: Bellei Sérgio Luiz Prado
Published: July 2016

Liberado do peso de sua materialidade pela tecnologia digital, o texto literário hipertextualizado e disponibilizado em rede torna-se, em vários aspectos, mais poderoso e eficaz: pode agora ser acompanhado de uma enorme quantidade de explicações contextuais impossíveis de serem abrigadas nos limites do livro impresso e torna-se acessível a um público leitor mais global do que local. Disseminado em rede, por outro lado, o texto pode sofrer um apagamento das  condições materiais de produção que constituem parte integrante de seu sentido. Essas duas perspectivas podem ser exemplarmente percebidas na obra do poeta inglês William Blake, autor multimídia avant la lettre.
Tumores Estromais Gastrointestinais (GIST): Relato de Caso e Revisão da Literatura
Authors: De Almeida Érica , Nigre Leonardo Baylão , Júnior Sebastião Dias Barboza
Published: July 2016

GIST (Gastrointestinal stromal tumor) é o tumor estromal do trato gastrointestinal que por muito tempo foi denominado “leiomioma” ou “leiomiossarcoma”. A partir da microscopia eletrônica e da imunohistoquímica, descobriu-se que é uma neoplasia que se origina das células intersticiais de Cajal e da expressão da proteína c-KIT. Embora raro, representa a maioria dos tumores mesenquimais do trato digestivo. Localiza-se preferencialmente no estômago e acomete principalmente indivíduos de meia-idade e idosos. Os exames de imagem, especialmente a tomografia computadorizada, permitem definir a localização, dimensão do tumor e sua relação com as estruturas vizinhas, embora a avaliação imunohistoquímica seja sempre necessária para o diagnóstico etiológico. A remoção cirúrgica é o tratamento de escolha. O tratamento farmacológico tem sido preconizado em casos avançados. Este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar relato de um caso da INONCO em Vassouras e uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a doença, o diagnóstico e o tratamento do GIST.
Cefaleia: migrânea e qualidade de vida
Authors: Souza Nathalye Emanuelle , Calumby Mariana Leão , Nogueira Thiago Zannon Soares , Afonso Elisangela De Oliveira , Pereira Ana Beatriz Calmon Nogueira da Gama
Published: July 2016

Resumo: A Migrânea é um dos tipos de cefaleia primária, cuja etiologia é multifatorial, acometendo cerca de 15% da população mundial. Predomina mais nas mulheres do que nos homens, e causa grande impacto na qualidade de vida. São quatro as fases da migrânea: prodrômica, aura, cefaleia propriamente dita e recuperação. Nesse trabalho, os autores buscam correlacionar o efeito da migrânea sobre a qualidade de vida, através de revisão da literatura atual.
Antibioticoterapia como uma opção eficaz para o tratamento da apendicite aguda: revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Carraro Vinicius Marins
Published: July 2016

RESUMO A apendicite aguda é uma das causas mais comuns de dor abdominal aguda. Engloba interesse tanto dos clínicos quanto dos cirurgiões. Além disso, os pacientes serão os mais beneficiados após o estudo desse tema já que a melhor opção terapêutica poderá ser escolhida, determinando melhor evolução e prognóstico. Face ao exposto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi, através de uma revisão de literatura, avaliar a utilização da antibioticoterapia como alternativa à apendicectomia. Além disso, buscou-se identificar os antibióticos mais utilizados para esse fim e apresentar sua eficácia no tratamento da apendicite aguda. Os artigos foram pesquisados em várias bases de dados (BIREME, SCIELO, MEDLINE, LILACS) com os descritores “apendicite aguda”, “tratamento conservador da apendicite aguda”, “antibioticoterapia na apendicite aguda” e “antibióticos utilizados para tratamento da apendicite aguda”, entre os anos de 1958 e 2013.Foram encontrados 349 artigos, e desses, selecionamos 21 entre os anos de 1958 e 2013. Após revisão bibliográfica criteriosa e análise dos artigos selecionados, podemos dizer que a terapêutica conservadora em casos de apendicite aguda tem suas vantagens, como menor tempo de permanência e menores custos hospitalares, menores complicações decorrentes do ato cirúrgico e altas taxas de sucesso.É importante que novos trabalhos e estudos com maiores números de pacientes sejam realizados, destacando a importância e eficácia do tratamento conservador para que em um futuro próximo possamos diminuir o número de apendicectomias realizadas e difundir a cada dia mais o uso da antibioticoterapia como opção para o tratamento da apendicite aguda.
Influência da técnica mioaponeurótica de crochetagem na cicatriz de mamoplastia: relato de caso
Authors: Buchner Taise De Souza , Amorim Paulo Caminha de , Baumgarth Henrique , Trajano Eduardo Tavares Lima
Published: July 2016

A mamoplastia redutora está entre as cinco cirurgias plásticas mais realizadas no Brasil, porém uma das possíveis complicações é a aderência cicatricial no local da cirurgia. O objetivo do estudo foi investigar o efeito da técnica de crochetagem na cicatriz de pós-operatório de mamoplastia. Uma paciente do sexo feminino com cicatriz decorrente de mamoplastia redutora, apresentando diminuição da amplitude de movimento (ADM) para extensão de tronco, abdução horizontal direita/esquerda e desconforto respiratório seis anos após a cirurgia procurou a fisioterapia e foi tratada através da técnica de crochetagem. Os graus de ADM antes e após o tratamento foram registrados e comparados. Após o tratamento, os seguintes percentuais de melhora nos movimentos foram observados: 100% na extensão do tronco, 21.8% na abdução horizontal direita, 31% na abdução horizontal esquerda. Em conclusão, a técnica de crochetagem obteve resultados positivos no tratamento da redução de movimentos originada de formação de cicatriz de mamoplastia, melhorando a taxa de ADM e reduzindo o desconforto respiratório nesta paciente.
Diferenciação de cervejas usando fosforimetria
Authors: Cardoso Carlos Eduardo
Published: July 2016

Cerveja é uma mistura complexa que consiste principalmente de água e etanol, com 0,5% de sólidos dissolvidos. A caracterização de amostras complexas nestes casos, normalmente emprega técnicas analíticas baseadas na separação destes componentes. Alternativamente, o uso de métodos espectroscópicos vem sendo reconhecido como método rápido e sensível, com aplicabilidade para uma grande variedade de produtos. Assim, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo aplicar a fosforimetria em substrato sólido na temperatura ambiente para a caracterização de amostras de dois tipos de cervejas produzidas no mercado nacional através do efeito externo do átomo pesado e do efeito de um modificador de superfície na indução da fosforescência. Como resultado, uma metodologia para caracterização de amostras de cervejas foi desenvolvida. Parâmetros experimentais e instrumentais foram otimizados com o intuito de minimizar a interferência entre os processos radiativos. Isso foi conseguido pela combinação do uso de surfactante SDS 0,07 mol L-1 e de átomo pesado, KI 1,0 mol L-1 e também pela utilização de tempos adequados de abertura do detector e tempo de retardo.
Desenvolvimento de Software Educacional para Representação e Reconhecimento de Som Aplicado à Ausculta Cardiovascular
Authors: Costa Bruno Carlos Da C. , Moraes Leandro Segheto , Da Silva Júlio César , Lins Elisabete Do Rêgo , Allemão Marco Antônio Freire , Martins Wolney De Andrade
Published: July 2016

No ensino da medicina, especificamente, em laboratórios de estudos e práticas, existe uma preocupação de resguardar o máximo o paciente, buscando o mínimo de constrangimento, porém sem deixar que o aprendizado seja prejudicado. Com o objetivo de capacitar o discente para a prática em ausculta cardiovascular, sem que o contato com o paciente seja necessário, foi desenvolvido o sistema CARDIOS. Contendo informações de doenças cardiovasculares, o aluno conhece o som e o respectivo registro gráfico. A utilização de aparelhos específicos, como um estetoscópio eletrônico, promove a visualização e amplificação do som em tempo real. O uso de agentes inteligentes possibilita o reconhecimento do som cardíaco, classificando-o em normal ou patológico.
Determinação da Con centração de Fosfato em Amostras de Detergentes em Pó Utilizando Detecção Titulométrica
Authors: Souza Ana Carla Da S. , Cardoso Carlos Eduardo , Neto Miguel Rascado Fraguas
Published: July 2016

O uso excessivo de fósforo na forma de tripolifosfato de sódio (STPP) em detergentes em pó tem e contribuído de maneira significativa no processo de eutrofização da águas e consequentemente na poluição dos corpos hídricos. Visando a redução e eventual eliminação do uso de fosfato nos detergentes, o Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente criou a resolução CONAMA 359/05, que dispõe sobre a regulamentação do teor de fósforo em detergentes em pó para o uso no mercado nacional. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo determinar e comparar a concentração de fosfato em detergentes em pó, fabricados em três países (Omã, França e Brasil), de acordo com esta resolução. Para determinar a concentração do fosfato utilizou-se a técnica de titulação por volumetria.
Avaliação da qualidade ambiental através do teste da cebola (Allium cepa L.) Exposta diretamente em leito de rios urbanos
Authors: Duarte Marcelo Netto , Nogueira Marcos Antônio De Araújo , Paschoal Cleber José Fermiano , Miranda Alan Gomes , Monsores Geneci Leme , Da Costa Luiz Alves , Braga Enilson Salino , Braga Bárbara Barbosa , Rodrigues William Costa
Published: July 2016

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade ambiental de rios urbanos através do teste da cebola (Allium cepa L.) exposta diretamente no leito dos rios do município de Vassouras-RJ. O experimento teve quatro tratamentos, no Rio Bonito, Rio Santa Catarina e Rio das Mortes e na confluência dos três, e como testemunha, um lago próximo a uma nascente. Foram utilizadas cinco estruturas de isopor que permite as cebolas flutuar na água. Durante o experimento, ocorreu uma enxurrada que fez perdermos três experimentos, restando apenas a testemunha e o do Rio Bonito. Após sete dias, os experimentos restantes foram desmontados e mediu-se a massa e o comprimento das raízes. Os resultados obtidos entre o tratamento e a testemunha foram estatisticamente significativo, através do teste t-student (p<0,05), tanto no comprimento das raízes quanto na massa, assim podendo-se concluir que há compostos químicos que inibiram o crescimento normal das raízes no Rio Bonito e que, apesar de possíveis erros na metodologia, os resultados corroboram outros estudos com ensaios em laboratório.
Potential Role of Caffeine in the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Roshan Mohsin H.K. , Tambo Amos , Pace Nikolai P.
Published: July 2016

Parkinson’s disease [PD] is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease, affecting 1% of the population over the age of 55. The underlying neuropathology seen in PD is characterised by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta with the presence of Lewy bodies. The Lewy bodies are composed of aggregates of α-synuclein. The motor manifestations of PD include a resting tremor, bradykinesia, and muscle rigidity. Currently there is no cure for PD and motor symptoms are treated with a number of drugs including levodopa [L-dopa]. These drugs do not delay progression of the disease and often provide only temporary relief. Their use is often accompanied by severe adverse effects. Emerging evidence from bothin vivoandin vitrostudies suggests that caffeine may reduce parkinsonian motor symptoms by antagonising the adenosine A2Areceptor, which is predominately expressed in the basal ganglia. It is hypothesised that caffeine may increase the excitatory activity in local areas by inhibiting the astrocytic inflammatory processes but evidence remains inconclusive. In addition, the co-administration of caffeine with currently available PD drugs helps to reduce drug tolerance, suggesting that caffeine may be used as an adjuvant in treating PD. In conclusion, caffeine may have a wide range of therapeutic effects which are yet to be explored, and therefore warrants further investigation in randomized clinical trials.
Versenyelőnyök: elmélet és gyakorlat
Authors: Hoványi Gábor
Published: July 2016

A vállalat által kialakított versenyelőny alapvetően befolyásolja annak nyereségességét és piaci pozícióját. A cikk bemutatja, hogy az értékelésnek ezeken kívül számos más kritériuma is van, amelyet a menedzsmentnek figyelembe kell vennie a versenyelőnyök meghatározásánál, ilyenek például a forrásigény vagy a hálózati feltételek. A tanulmány kifejti, hogy a műszaki és gazdasági fejlődés felgyorsulása, a gazdasági folyamatok globalizálódása, valamint az interdependenciák hálózatának kialakulása következtében, milyen új versenyelőnytípusokkal kell számolnia a vállalatvezetésnek. A versenyelőnyök kiválasztásánal nagyon fontos szempont még, a versenyelőny sebezhetősége. Ezek után a cikk megkísérli a versenyelőny elmélet "törvényszerűségeinek" összefoglalását, majd pedig a versenyelőny - kiválaszásának legfontosabb menedzsment technikáira tér ki. Végezetül kiemeli, hogy a tárgyalt versenyelőnyök és ezek megszerzését segítő technikák sikerének kulcsa a vállalat csúcsvezetőjében rejlik, és a "csúcsvezető személyiségpiramisa" modellen keresztül bemutatja, hogy milyen követelményeknek kell megfelelnie egy vállalatvezetőnek.

Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: O30, O32
Economic Principles of Predatory (Exclusionary) Pricing in the US and in the EU their (mis)Application in Some Recent Competition Law Cases of the European Community Commission and the Court of First Instance
Authors: Bara Zoltán
Published: July 2016

Predatory pricing is one of the most debated issue among the many possibly abusive behaviors of a dominant firm. The general prohibition of the abuse of a dominant power in the competition law is meantto render more difficult to use that power but not to disable them to compete. The borderline between a rough but lawful competitive behavior of a dominant firm and the illegal abuse of the market power could sometimes be very narrow. One of that narrow line is associated with the so called predatory pricing or exclusionary pricing. One of the necessary preconditions for predatory pricing is that the firm is required to set the price below costs. But could it be a sufficient condition as well? Before the AKZO-case lawyers and economists seemed to agree that predatory pricing requires a second phase, after the dominant firm successfully got its prey in the first phase, the recoupment phase during which the dominant firm is able the regain all of his former losses occurred in the first phase. Since the AKZO-case, the Commission succeeded to convince Courts of the EU that it would be enough to make probable but not certain that there had to be a recoupment phase but we don’t have to wait until it really happens. Most of the economists still think that predatory pricing is meaningless without recoupment, and what is more important, it would be beneficial to the consumers during the first phase unless there is no certainty of a second phase.

Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classifications: K21, L12, L41
Közgazdaságtan vagy közgazdaság-tudomány? II. rész
Authors: Moczar Jozsef
Published: July 2016

A cikk alapvető kérdése: vajon tudomány-e a közgazdaságtan, és ha igen, akkor tekinthető-e önálló tudománynak? A választ az elmúlt század legfontosabb közgazdasági eredményeiből kiindulva keresi. A szerző arra a következtetésre jut, hogy napjaink főáramú közgazdasági elméletei nagyrészt Ramsey, Neumann és Haavelmo munkáira vezethetők vissza. Tudománnyá válását nagyban elősegítette a matematika és a természettudományok, főleg a fizika eredményeinek alkalmazása. Mindezt Roy E. Weintraub ún. történeti-rekontrukciós módszerével és Lakatos Imre racionális rekonstrukciója segítségével mutatja meg.

Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: B23, C01, C02
A HR-funkció átalakulása a Magyarországon működő nemzetközi vállalatoknál egy empirikus felmérés tapasztalatainak tükrében
Authors: Poor Jozsef
Published: July 2016

Magyarországon az első külföldi tulajdonú leányvállalatot 1973-ban a Siemens cég jegyeztette be. 1988-tól kezdve tömegesen jelentek meg a nagy nemzetközi cégek leányvállalatai hazánkban. A közvetlen tőkeberuházások (Foreign Direct Investment) kiemelkedő motorjai ezek a vállalatok, melyek helye és szerepe az eltelt 19 év alatt nagyon sokat módosult. A jelzett cégek helyi menedzsmentje szempontjából kitüntetett szerepe van az emberi erőforrások menedzselésének. (A tanulmányban a hagyományos, nemzetközileg használt HRM rövidítés helyett az újabban terjedő HR változatot használjuk.) Az emberierőforrás-menedzsment irodalmában még nem található meg az átmeneti országok leányvállalatainál kialakult új HR-minták pontos leírása. Ez az új helyzet új tudást kíván, és annak megértését, hogy az embereket hogyan irányítják, fejlesztik, koordinálják a nemzetközi vállalatoknál hazánkban. Jelen tanulmány bemutatja a HR változását a nemzetközi vállalatok hazai leányvállalatainál elvégzett felmérésünk tükrében, a szervezeti életciklus változásának függvényében.

Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: M16, M51, M52 és M54
Az európai növekedési potenciál eróziója
Authors: Halmai Péter
Published: July 2016

The potential growth rate in the EU Member States has been declining and lagging behind their competitors since the 1990's. Due to severe productivity problems in the EU (first of all the significant decrease in the total factor productivity dynamics) and the insufficient adaptation to the processes of globalisation, further remarkable and permanent decline in the potential growth rate is expected. Paradoxically the potential growth rate might decrease in the long run to a greater extent in the new Member States. As a result of the present global economic crisis new risks might appear. The riskss of the recurrence of shocks are significant. These factors project further erosion of the European growth potential. Integrated structural reforms and a comprehensive review of the European model are needed in order to overcome the unfavourable trends and put Europe on a more favourable growth path than the one indicated in this study.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classification: F15, F43
Ártranszmisszió a magyar sertéspiacon strukturális törések jelenlétében
Authors: Bakucs L. Zoltán
Published: July 2016

The study of marketing margins and price transmission on various commodity markets has been a popular research topic of the past decades (see MEYER, VON CRAMON-TAUBADEL, 2004, for a present survey). However with a few exceptions these studies focused on developed economies. This paper examines the above phenomena on the Hungarian pork market. The Johansen (maximum likelihood, 1988) or Engle and Granger (two step, 1987) cointegration tests do not reject the no-cointegration null hypothesis between the Hungarian pork producer and retail price series. Therefore, we applied the Gregory and Hansen (1996) procedure with recursively estimated breakpoints and ADF statistics, and found that the prices are cointegrated with a structural break occurring in April 1996. Exogeneity tests reveal the causality running from producer to retail prices both in the long and short run. Homogeneity tests are rejected, suggesting mark-up pricing strategy. Price transmission modelling suggests that price transmission on the Hungarian pork meat market is symmetric in the long, but asymmetric in the short-run, i.e. processors, wholesalers or retailers might take temporary advantage, should price changes occur.
Journal of Econmic Literature (JEL) classification: Q13, D12, D4
Individual Values for Organizational Success
Authors: Ando Ildiko
Published: July 2016

Douglas McGregor published Theory Y in 1960. The main element of this theory is integration of individual and organizational objectives. Today, near 50 years later, the integration of individual and organizational goals remians only theory in several business organizations. The author of this study conducted an online survey in 2008 in order to examine company cultures, values was harmonization between organizational-level and individual-level sets of values. Two multinational companies with 324 respondents took part in the research up to this time. This publication shows the findings of the survey and illustrates the importance of harmonization between organizational-level and individual-level values. Finally, it comes up with some ideas what leaders can do in order to harmonize the value hierarchies efficiently in their organizations.
JEL classification: D21, L21, L25
A német transzferrendszer mint a gazdasági visszaesés okozója
Authors: Orosz Ágnes
Published: July 2016

According to the theory of optimal currency areas the most important advantage of monetary integration is its positive effect on economic growth. However, examining Germany we can notice that since German reunification economic growth and the convergence between East and West Germany has slowed down. These facts show that the operation of the German currency union is not optimal and its performance has not improved over the last twenty years. The criteria of the optimal currency area theory is endogenous due to the recent development of the theory. This means that a country is more likely to satisfy the criteria for entry into a curreny union ex post than ex ante. In the case of Germany, examining the trends of economic growth we can conclude the the German currency union has not become optimal in the last two decades. These facts raise the puzzling question of what are the specific circumstances hindering the improvement if Germany's monetary union despite the endogeneity of the optimal currency area criteria. To answer this question the study examines the interactions between monetary and political integration with special attention to the issues of fiscal policy. According to the study the German transfer system and the dependency on transfers explain the discrepancy between theory and empirics.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classification: E42, E62, E63, F01, F31, F36
Development of insect-resistant cotton lines with targeted expression of insecticidal gene
Authors: Bakhsh Allah , Anayol Emine , Khabbazi Saber , Karakoç Ömer , Sancak Cengiz , Özcan Sebahattin
Published: July 2016

In order to address biosafety concerns regarding the constitutive expression
of foreign genes in crops, we applied a strategy aimed at confining foreign
gene expression in insect wounding sites of cotton. For this purpose, a plant
expression construct was designed by cloning the AoPR1 promoter
(pathogenesis-related protein gene isolated from Asparagus officinalis)
upstream from the insecticidal gene cry1Ac. The Turkish cotton cultivar cv.
STN-468 was transformed using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404
containing the recombinant binary vector pRD400 harboring cry1Ac under a
wound-inducible promoter. The neomycin phosphotransferase (nptII) gene was
used as a selectable marker at a concentration of 100 mg/L. The primary
transformants were analyzed for T-DNA integration and expression using
standard molecular approaches. The efficacy of insecticidal gene control of
the AoPR1 promoter was investigated using leaf bioassays with 2nd instar
larvae of Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera littoralis. Positive primary
transformants from T0 progeny were further raised under greenhouse conditions
to obtain progeny (T1). The introduced gene was properly inherited and
expressed in T1 progeny. The mechanical wounding of plants resulted in
increased cry1Ac protein levels during 0-48 h of the wounding period. The
transgenic lines exhibited appreciable levels of resistance against targeted
insect pests in the leaf bioassays. The use of a wound-inducible promoter to
drive insecticidal gene expression is a valuable insect resistant management
strategy as gene expression will remain limited to the insect biting sites of
plant and crop, food and environmental concerns can be minimized.
Cytotoxicity investigation of a new hydroxyapatite scaffold with improved structural design
Authors: Sjerobabin Nikola , Colovic Bozana , Petrovic Milan , Markovic Dejan , Zivkovic Slavoljub , Jokanovic Vukoman
Published: July 2016

Introduction. Biodegradable porous scaffolds are found to be very promising
bone substitutes, acting as a temporary physical support to guide new tissue
regeneration, until the entire scaffold is totally degraded and replaced by
the new tissue. Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate
cytotoxicity of a synthesized calcium hydroxyapatite based scaffold, named
ALBO-OS, with high porosity and optimal topology. Methods. The ALBO-OS
scaffold was synthesized by the method of polymer foam template. The analysis
of pore geometry and scaffold walls? topography was made by scanning electron
microscope (SEM). The biological investigations assumed the examinations of
ALBO-OS cytotoxicity to mouse L929 fibroblasts, using
3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromidefor (MTT) and
lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) tests and inverse phase microscopy. Results. The
SEM analysis showed high porosity with fair pore distribution and interesting
morphology from the biological standpoint. The biological investigations
showed that the material is not cytotoxic to L929 cells. Comparison of
ALBO-OS with Bio-Oss, as the global gold standard as a bone substitute,
showed similar results in MTT test, while LDH test showed significantly
higher rate of cell multiplication with ALBO-OS. Conclusion. The scaffold
design from the aspect of pore size, distribution, and topology seems to be
very convenient for cell adhesion and occupation, which makes it a promising
material as a bone substitute. The results of biological assays proved that
ALBO-OS is not cytotoxic for L929 fibroblasts. In comparison with Bio-Oss,
similar or even better results were obtained.
Current issues on sublingual allergen-specific immunotherapy in children with asthma and allergic rhinitis
Authors: Zivkovic Zorica , Djuric-Filipovic Ivana , Zivanovic Snezana
Published: July 2016

In 1993 the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology was the first
official organization to recognize that sublingual administration could be
?promising route? for allergic desensitization. A few years later, the World
Health Organization recommended this therapy as ?a viable alternative to the
injection route in adults.? The first meta-analysis showed sublingual
allergen specific immunotherapy (SLIT) effectiveness for allergic rhinitis
and another study showed SLIT can actually help prevent the development of
asthma both in adults and in children. The main goal of this review article
is to present insight into the most up-to-date understanding of the clinical
efficacy and safety of immunotherapy in the treatment of pediatric patients
with allergic rhinitis and asthma. A literature review was performed on
PubMed from 1990 to 2015 using the terms ?asthma,? ?allergic rhinitis,?
?children,? ?allergen specific immune therapy.? Evaluating data from
double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials (DB-PC-RCTs), the
clinical efficacy (assessed as the reduction of symptom score and the need of
rescue medicament) of SLIT for allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma, has
been confirmed in various meta-analysis Outcomes such as rhinoconjunctivitis
score and medication scores, combined scores, quality of life, days with
severe symptoms, immunological endpoints, and safety parameters were all
improved in the SLIT-tablet compared with placebo group. SLIT safety has been
already proven in many DB-PC-RCTs and real-life settings. In accordance with
all of the above mentioned, the goals for future trials and studies are the
development of comprehensive guidelines for clinical practice on
immunotherapy, embracing all the different potential participants. The
importance of allergen immunotherapy is of special relevance in the pediatric
age, when the plasticity and modulability of the immune system are maximal,
and when preventative effects can be reasonably expected.
Business Strategy, Over- (Under-) Investment, and Managerial Compensation
Authors: Navissi Farshid , Sridharan VG , Khedmati Mehdi , Lim Edwin KiaYang , Evdokimov Egor
Published: July 2016

This study examines whether and how business strategy influences a firm's over- and under-investment decisions. Prospector and defender strategies expose firms to different required levels of investment, monitoring, and managerial discretion, which have implications for managerial investment decisions. Our results provide evidence that firms with an innovation-orientated prospector strategy are more likely to over-invest, whereas firms following an efficiency-orientated defender strategy are more likely to under-invest. These over- and under-investments are associated with poorer future firm performance. Moreover, the level of over- (under-) investment is exacerbated in the presence of more stock- (cash-) based compensation in prospector (defender) firms. Our results are robust to a number of checks such as ordered logit analysis, individual components of business strategy, individual components of investment, year-by-year and industry-by-industry analysis, controlling for lagged investment residuals, controlling for firm fixed-effects, first-differenced specifications, and propensity score matching.
The effects of rapid maxillary expansion on voice function
Authors: Yurttadur Gizem , Bascıftcı Faruk Ayhan , Ozturk Kayhan
Published: July 2016

Objective: To evaluate the effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on vocal function in patients with bilateral maxillary crossbite.

Materials and Methods: We designed our research as a prospective, controlled, clinical study. The treatment group and the control group each had 20 subjects for a total of 40 subjects. Acoustic voice samples were recorded from all patients at T1 and T2 by the Multi-Dimensional Voice Program (MDVP Model 5105) for acoustic analysis in Computerized Speech Lab (CSL).

Results: No statistically significant differences were found between the treatment and control groups in the means of any parameters.

Conclusions: RME does not change vocal quality or resonance, so it can be safely used with patients.
Pioglitazone Prevents Diabetes in Patients With Insulin Resistance and Cerebrovascular Disease
Authors: Inzucchi Silvio E. , Viscoli Catherine M. , Young Lawrence H. , Furie Karen L. , Gorman Mark , Lovejoy Anne M. , Dagogo-Jack Samuel , Ismail-Beigi Faramarz , Korytkowski Mary T. , Pratley Richard E. , Schwartz Gregory G. , Kernan Walter N. ,   for the IRIS Trial Investigators
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVE

The Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke (IRIS) trial recently found that pioglitazone reduced risk for stroke and myocardial infarction in patients with insulin resistance but without diabetes who had had a recent ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). This report provides detailed results on the metabolic effects of pioglitazone and the trial’s prespecified secondary aim of diabetes prevention.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A total of 3,876 patients with recent ischemic stroke or TIA, no history of diabetes, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) <126 mg/dL, and insulin resistance by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) score >3.0 were randomly assigned to pioglitazone or placebo. Surveillance for diabetes onset during the trial was accomplished by periodic interviews and annual FPG testing.

RESULTS

At baseline, the mean FPG, HbA1c, insulin, and HOMA-IR were 98.2 mg/dL (5.46 mmol/L), 5.8% (40 mmol/mol), 22.4 μIU/mL, and 5.4, respectively. After 1 year, mean HOMA-IR and FPG decreased to 4.1 and 95.1 mg/dL (5.28 mmol/L) in the pioglitazone group and rose to 5.7 and 99.7 mg/dL (5.54 mmol/L), in the placebo group (all P < 0.0001). Over a median follow-up of 4.8 years, diabetes developed in 73 (3.8%) participants assigned to pioglitazone compared with 149 (7.7%) assigned to placebo (hazard ratio [HR] 0.48 [95% CI 0.33–0.69]; P < 0.0001). This effect was predominately driven by those with initial impaired fasting glucose (FPG >100 mg/dL [5.6 mmol/L]; HR 0.41 [95% CI 0.30–0.57]) or elevated HbA1c (>5.7% [39 mmol/mol]; HR 0.46 [0.34–0.62]).

CONCLUSIONS

Among patients with insulin resistance but without diabetes who had had a recent ischemic stroke or TIA, pioglitazone decreased the risk of diabetes while also reducing the risk of subsequent ischemic events. Pioglitazone is the first medication shown to prevent both progression to diabetes and major cardiovascular events as prespecified outcomes in a single trial.
Effects of fentanyl administration on locomotor response in horses with the G57C μ-opioid receptor polymorphism
Authors: Wetmore Lois A. , Pascoe Peter J. , Shilo-Benjamini Yael , Lindsey Jane C.
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVE To determine the locomotor response to the administration of fentanyl in horses with and without the G57C polymorphism of the μ-opioid receptor.

ANIMALS 20 horses of various breeds and ages (10 horses heterozygous for the G57C polymorphism and 10 age-, breed-, and sex-matched horses that did not have the G57C polymorphism).

PROCEDURES The number of steps each horse took was counted over consecutive 2-minute periods for 20 minutes to determine a baseline value. The horse then received a bolus of fentanyl (20 μg/kg, IV), and the number of steps was again counted during consecutive 2-minute periods for 60 minutes. The mean baseline value was subtracted from each 2-minute period after fentanyl administration; step counts with negative values were assigned a value of 0. Data were analyzed by use of a repeated-measures ANOVA.

RESULTS Data for 19 of 20 horses (10 horses with the G57C polymorphism and 9 control horses without the G57C polymorphism) were included in the analysis. Horses with the G57C polymorphism had a significant increase in locomotor activity, compared with results for horses without the polymorphism. There was a significant group-by-time interaction.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Horses heterozygous for the G57C polymorphism of the μ-opioid receptor had an increased locomotor response to fentanyl administration, compared with the response for horses without this polymorphism. The clinical impact of this finding should be investigated.
Influence of storage conditions on in vitro stability of atrial natriuretic peptide and of anesthesia on plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentration in cats
Authors: Heishima Yasuhiro , Hori Yasutomo , Chikazawa Seishiro , Kanai Kazutaka , Hoshi Fumio , Itoh Naoyuki
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVE To investigate the in vitro stability of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in plasma samples under various storage conditions and the influence of anesthesia on plasma ANP concentration in cats.

ANIMALS 1 cat with congestive heart failure and 5 healthy adult mixed-breed cats.

PROCEDURES A plasma sample from the cat with heart failure was serially diluted, and dilutional parallelism of ANP concentration was evaluated. Plasma samples containing aprotinin or serum samples from the 5 healthy cats were kept at room temperature (27°C) for ≤ 12 hours. Plasma samples from the same healthy cats were stored at −70°, −20°, or 4°C for ≤ 14 days. Plasma samples were obtained from the healthy cats before and during isoflurane anesthesia. Plasma ANP concentrations were measured at a commercial laboratory by use of a human ANP chemiluminescence assay.

RESULTS Intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were 1.5% and 2.5%, respectively, and dilutional parallelism was established. Although ANP concentration decreased by 82.4 ± 13.6% (mean ± SD) after sample storage for 12 hours at room temperature, this decrease was prevented by aprotinin. Plasma ANP concentrations were stable for 7 days at −20°C and for 14 days at −70°C. However, concentrations decreased markedly to 57.6 ± 6.9% at −20°C and to 18.0 ± 3.0% at 4°C after 14 days. Plasma ANP concentration decreased significantly in cats during anesthesia and was correlated with blood pressure.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that aprotinin should be added routinely in preparation of plasma samples from cats for measurement of ANP concentration, and those samples, if stored, should be frozen immediately at ≤ −20°C. General anesthesia or systemic blood pressure may affect plasma ANP concentration in cats.
High Sensitization to House-Dust Mites in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Coskun Zerrin Ozergin , Erdivanlı Ozlem Celebi , Kazıkdas Kadir Çagdas , Terzi Suat , Sahin Unal , Ozgur Abdulkadir , Demirci Munir , Dursun Engin , Cingi Cemal
Published: July 2016

Objectives

Identification of the most common aeroallergens to which patients are sensitized in a specific area is important in the diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR). We determined the distribution of aeroallergens, detected by skin-prick tests (SPT), in adult patients with AR in the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey and compared the results with the other regions of Turkey and in the world.

Methods

The medical records of SPT performed on 1457 patients with symptoms of AR (with regard to the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma 2008 guidelines) between March 2010 and March 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. SPT were carried out with the same panel, which included grass; weeds; trees; mold; epidermal mixtures; and with two house-dust mite (HDM) extracts, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae.

Results

In 1229 of 1457 patients (84.4%), there were positive reactions for at least one aeroallergen on the SPT. The most common aeroallergen was the HDM D. pteronyssinus (84% [n = 1033]) followed by D. farinae (78.2% [n = 962]). Grass pollen sensitivity (70.8% [n = 871]) was higher than tree or weed pollen sensitivity in this region.

Conclusions

The most common aeroallergens in AR are HDMs of D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae in the Eastern Black Sea region in Turkey. Our study may help in developing environmental control strategies for AR.
Treating Allergic Conjunctivitis: A Once-daily Medication that Provides 24-hour Symptom Relief
Authors: Carr Warner , Schaeffer Jack , Donnenfeld Eric
Published: July 2016

Background

Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) is a common ocular inflammatory manifestation of allergen exposure in sensitized individuals. Signs and symptoms of AC can decrease quality of life, interfere with productivity, and lead to considerable economic burden. Consistent suppression of conjunctival inflammation is necessary for managing AC, but currently available medications require frequent administration and exhibit limited duration of action.

Methods

In this review, we summarized AC pathogenesis, diagnosis, and current treatment options as well as their limitations. Findings from the literature were discussed in the context of the unmet need for a once-daily medication with sustained 24-hour effectiveness.

Results

Topical pharmacologic treatments are the most common approach for managing extant AC; however, most available medications require multiple daily instillations. Dual-acting antihistamine-mast cell stabilizing agents are currently considered first-line therapeutics for AC because they provide acute relief of signs and symptoms and block persistent inflammation to promote regression of AC. Recent studies of a newly-developed, higher-concentration formulation of a dual-acting antihistamine-mast cell stabilizer have demonstrated that this formulation provides a 24-hour duration of action with once-daily dosing.

Conclusions

Dual-acting AC medications exhibit a high degree of overall effectiveness and are well tolerated for chronic use. A newly available once-daily medication that manages signs and symptoms of AC for a full 24 hours may be considered a treatment of choice for patients experiencing seasonal or perennial AC. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01743027 and NCT01479374
Azithromycin for the Treatment of Eosinophilic Nasal Polyposis: Clinical and Histologic Analysis
Authors: de Oliveira Isamara Simas , Crosara Paulo Fernando Tormin Borges , Cassali Geovanni Dantas , dos Reis Diego Carlos , Rodrigues Danilo Santana , Nunes Flavio Barbosa , Guimarães Roberto Eustáquio Santos
Published: July 2016

Introduction

Macrolides used as immunomodulators are a promising tool for chronic inflammatory airway diseases. Eosinophilic nasal polyposis (ENP) is still considered a disease that is difficult to control with the currently standardized treatments.

Objectives

To evaluate prolonged treatment with low-dose azithromycin for ENP based on clinical and histopathologic variables.

Methods

The present investigation was a self-paired case study of 33 patients with ENP. A comparison was performed between patients before and after treatment with azithromycin for 8 weeks. The patients were subjected to clinical examinations, staging (three-dimensional imaging by endoscopy), application of the questionnaire, and biopsy of nasal polyps at the beginning and at the end of the treatment.

Results

The treatment yielded a clinical improvement regarding the two variables studied: polyposis staging (69.7%) and questionnaire (57.6%). We did not find significant differences in the inflammatory pattern and in the percentage or absolute number of eosinophils per field between samples obtained before and after the treatment (p > 0.05). There was no difference between the answers obtained from groups with and without asthma and/or aspirin intolerance (p > 0.3). The patients with advanced initial staging exhibited lower subjective improvement index and staging reduction (p = 0.031 and p = 0.012, respectively).

Conclusion

Based on this study, azithromycin may be considered as another therapeutic option for ENP. However, further studies are necessary to define the real mechanism of action involved.