bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of Schema Therapy for Recurrent Depression in a Disaster Relief Worker with Prior Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Treatment Using Prolonged Exposure Therapy
Authors: Hori Arinobu , Murakami Michio , Oshima Fumiyo , van der Wijngaart Remco
Published: December 2024

This report presents the follow-up treatment course of a previously published case that demonstrated the effectiveness of prolonged exposure (PE) therapy for a disaster relief worker. The patient, a municipal employee in Fukushima Prefecture, developed post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mood disorders after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and subsequent disasters. This follow-up focuses on the period from 2021 to early 2024, during which the patient experienced symptom recurrence after his father’s death. This event revealed psychological patterns similar to his disaster-related responses. Schema therapy was introduced to address over-adaptive work behaviors and vulnerabilities in relationships, identified as relapse risk factors. Combined with antidepressants, schema therapy achieved sustained improvement. This longitudinal perspective demonstrates schema therapy’s effectiveness in addressing underlying vulnerabilities when symptoms re-emerge after trauma-focused treatment. The findings underscore how initial trauma responses may interact with subsequent life events and suggest schema therapy’s potential as a secondary intervention for disaster relief workers facing complex challenges.
Measuring Psychological Strains: A Psychometric Study to Develop a Shortened Version of the Psychological Strain Scales
Authors: Siau Ching Sin , Zhang Jie , Chen Won Sun , Mohd Saat Nur Zakiah , Lew Bob , Ma Xiaodong , Kõlves Kairi
Published: December 2024

The Psychological Strain Scale (PSS) has been widely used in various populations to assess the risks of suicidality and mental disorders. The current study aims to shorten the original 40-item scale and test its psychometric properties. Data were derived from three samples in China: (1) undergraduate students (n = 10,742), (2) non-medical office employees (n = 1044), and (3) hospital workers (n = 949). A questionnaire was administered to the samples at about the same time of the year 2017. Data were randomly divided into Sub-study 1 (70% of the sample) and Sub-study 2 (30% of the sample). In Sub-study 1, principal component analyses were run and five items with the highest factor loadings within each subscale were retained, resulting in a 20-item PSS scale. Cronbach’s α estimates were above 0.70. In Sub-study 2, confirmatory factor analyses for the three samples revealed RMSEA values below 0.10, PNFI values below 0.50 for all samples, and CFI, TLI and NFI values above 0.90 for the student and non-medical office employee samples, but the hospital worker sample had a TLI of 0.88. The PSS-20 and its subscales were significantly associated with past-year suicidal ideation. The PSS-20 has acceptable psychometric properties but requires further testing in university students and hospital workers.
Social Skills and Creativity as Elements That Enhance Resilience in Adolescence
Authors: González Moreno Alba , Molero Jurado María del Mar
Published: December 2024

Resilience plays a crucial role in overcoming the adversities and challenges faced by young people during adolescence. Current research focuses on understanding the factors that contribute to the development of resilience at this stage, with the goal of promoting the well-being and mental health of young people. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, we examined the relationship between social skills, creativity and resilience in a sample of 743 students aged 14 to 19 years from different educational centers in the province of Almería (Spain). We used the Social Skills Questionnaire (CHASO), the Turtle Creativity Questionnaire and the reduced resilience scale CDRISC-10 to collect data. Data analysis was performed using correlation analysis, Student’s t-test for differences according to sex, analysis of variance to test for differences according to resilience groups, multiple regression analysis for predictors of resilience and simple mediation analysis. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between social skills, creativity, and resilience. The differences found suggest that being male and having a higher level of resilience increases the likelihood of having higher social skills and resilience. Social skills and creativity predicted resilience and social skills mediated the relationship between creativity and social skills. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening social skills and promoting creativity to enhance resilience in adolescents, which may have practical implications for the design of intervention and support programs.
Optimizing Indoor Microclimate and Thermal Comfort Through Sorptive Active Elements: Stabilizing Humidity for Healthier Living Spaces
Authors: Peterková Jitka , Zach Jiří , Novák Vítězslav , Korjenic Azra , Sulejmanovski Abdulah , Sesto Eldira
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates the potential use of natural materials and elements for stabilizing indoor humidity levels, focusing on creating healthier living environments in buildings. Unstable indoor microclimates, particularly extreme humidity levels, can negatively affect human health by causing issues such as condensation, mold growth, or dry mucous membranes. In this work, we explore how sorptive materials can maintain indoor humidity within the optimal range of 40–50%. The aim is to identify optimal solutions for moisture control using passive elements, such as unfired ceramic components, which demonstrate high sorption activity within the 35–55% relative humidity range. These elements can effectively absorb moisture from, or release it back into, the indoor environment as needed. Five clay types based on different clay minerals were analyzed in the research in order to assess how their structures influence moisture adsorption behavior. These elements can be combined with green/active elements and standard measures, such as ventilation or targeted room air exchange, to improve indoor humidity regulation. The evaluation of the results so far indicates that the use of clay-based elements in the interior offers a sustainable and natural approach to maintaining optimal indoor microclimate conditions. The slab elements from all 5 clay formulations investigated effectively support indoor humidity stabilization.
PIV Experimental Study of Airflow Structures in a Multi-Slot Ventilation Enclosure with Opposed Jets
Authors: Wang Congcong , Ding Pengchao , Xing Yongjie , Chen Hongbing
Published: December 2024

The airflow structure of enclosures directly affects the spread of COVID-19 and is also closely related to indoor air quality, the thermal comfort of personnel, and buildings’ energy consumption. A large number of studies on airflow field under mixing and displacement ventilation with a single air inlet in rectangular rooms have been conducted; however, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, only a limited number of studies have dealt with airflow structures in a multi-slot ventilation enclosure with opposed jets. Therefore, this paper uses PIV to study the velocity, turbulence information, and entropy of an unstable airflow field in a multi-slot ventilation enclosure with opposed jets under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. This paper also presents, due to the collision of the jets to form two large-scale eddies, the airflow field structure being unstable. In the region without air supply inlets and exhaust outlets, a large-scale vortex is formed in the airflow field, resulting in the high information entropy of the flow field. The thermal plume suppresses the large-scale flow field structure and increases the small-scale flow field structure.
Experimental Study on Stability Analysis of a Structure During Excavation Beneath This Structure
Authors: He Xiaotong , Zhong Zhibin , Huang Shangheng , Liu Baoxian , Shu Zhile , Zhong Wenwu , Cui Kai , Zheng Lining , Liu Qichao
Published: December 2024

In this study, aiming at the practical application of additional layer excavation technology in the renewal and reconstruction of old urban communities, the influence of different excavation methods on the settlement behavior of existing structures is deeply analyzed through numerical simulation experiments. It is found that the frame columns show basin-type settlement in the block layered excavation, basin excavation and central island excavation. The cumulative settlement of the middle column is the largest, and the corner column is the smallest. The settlement phenomenon is mainly concentrated around the frame columns Z6, Z7, Z10 and Z11, and the change law of the cumulative settlement value conforms to the linear function distribution. By defining the cumulative settlement rate (a) as an index to measure the influence degree of the existing structure, it is found that the a value of the middle column is the largest, the side column is the second and the corner column is the smallest, and the a value of block layered excavation is the largest, and the central island excavation is the smallest. Considering the construction period, block layered excavation may be a more appropriate choice. The comparative analysis of the research results and the model experiment results confirms the feasibility of the improved model experiment, provides an important theoretical basis and practical guidance for the renewal and transformation of old urban communities and is of great significance for improving the utilization efficiency and safety of existing buildings.
Cost-Effectiveness Evaluation of Energy-Efficient Retrofit Strategies for Pre-1930s Mid-Terrace Houses in the UK
Authors: Pochampalli Praveena , Tubelo Renata , Rodrigues Lucelia , Gillott Mark , Nash Robert
Published: December 2024

Buildings are a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, with a large portion coming from energy use in housing. In the United Kingdom (UK), most of the housing stock was built before the introduction of building regulations that address energy efficiency and, therefore, needs to be retrofitted if net-zero emission targets are to be met. In this paper, the authors present a study of energy-efficient retrofit measures applied to a typical pre-1930s mid-terrace house, based on a home located in Nottingham, UK. Initially, a series of building envelope improvements aimed at reducing the heating demand were evaluated using dynamic building simulations. Subsequently, low-carbon heating systems were introduced, and their impact was assessed in line with the fabric improvements. Then, the annual energy costs of heating were calculated to understand the financial impact of the retrofit strategies and their cost-effectiveness. Lastly, this study also discussed the overall costs of the retrofit interventions, informed by 224 real cases, in terms of their carbon and energy impact. The findings from the simulations suggested a potential 50% reduction in the heating demand through typical fabric optimisation measures. The adoption of low-carbon heating systems resulted in a 50% reduction in carbon emissions compared to those produced by a typical gas boiler. Furthermore, following the adoption of various fabric optimisation measures, the annual running energy costs of heating decreased by 42% compared to their use in non-retrofit scenarios, highlighting the suitability of low-carbon heating such as heat pumps for installation in well-insulated homes with lower heat output demands. The results stressed the importance of coordinating fabric optimisation with the installation of low-carbon heating to maximise carbon savings and suggested that heat pumps can effectively reduce annual energy expenses and lower carbon footprints. The findings also provided an overview of the overall retrofit costs, which are usually overlooked in the literature.
Analysis of Power Enhancement in Facade-BIPV Systems Through Module-Level Power Optimizer: Evaluating Performance Under Shading Conditions
Authors: Eum Jiyoung , Choi Hyun-Jung
Published: December 2024

To combat climate change and achieve global carbon neutrality, photovoltaic (PV) systems have been widely used in the building sector, particularly in zero-energy buildings. In urban areas, space constraints make building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems appealing, as they combine building materials with power generation and are designed with aesthetics in mind. However, BIPV systems are often affected by partial shading from surrounding structures. Moreover, unlike general PV modules, BIPV modules are custom-designed, resulting in poor electrical specifications. To address these challenges, this study developed a new prototype power optimizer for the module-level power electronics used in BIPV systems. The performance of BIPV systems was evaluated without a power optimizer, with a conventional power optimizer, and with the new prototype power optimizer through simulations and experiments under different shading conditions. Compared with the non-optimized system, power optimizers effectively alleviated shading loss and significantly increased the power efficiency, and the prototype power optimizer achieved a 2.8-fold average improvement in efficiency. This confirms the optimizer function in enabling shaded and non-shaded modules to operate independently at maximum power. Although further research is needed, these optimizers can improve BIPV performance and promote zero-energy buildings.
Museum Fatigue: Spatial Design Narrative Strategies of the Mawangdui Han Tomb
Authors: Miao Jingwen , Bahauddin Azizi , Feng Jie
Published: December 2024

Museum fatigue refers to the physical and psychological fatigue that visitors experience when visiting exhibitions due to information overload, dense display, or monotonous space design. This study takes Mawangdui Han Tomb as an example, draws on Lefebvre’s spatial triad theory, and realizes the transformation of cultural connotation from tomb space into museum space by analyzing perceived space, conceived space, and lived space. This transformation process also proposes a spatial design narrative strategy for this study to solve the problem of museum fatigue. This qualitative study uses ethnography to understand the Taoist and ritual-influenced tomb culture of the Mawangdui Han Tombs, followed by a phenomenological analysis of the museum (lived space). The research results show that a reasonable spatial layout, coherent narrative clues, and a multi-sensory interactive experience significantly improve audience concentration and reduce fatigue. This study provides practical design suggestions for future historical and cultural exhibitions.
User Perceptions and Conservation Practices: A Case Study of Maintenance Strategies at S. Bento Railway Station
Authors: Carvalho Cláudia , Sousa Alexandre , Silva Ana , Mendes Maria Paula
Published: December 2024

Located in the heart of Porto, Portugal, the S. Bento train station is renowned worldwide for its architectural splendour and historical significance. Inaugurated in 1916, this UNESCO World Heritage Site presents stunning ceramic tile panels and architecture influenced by contemporary French design. This study presents a comprehensive historical analysis of the conservation state of S. Bento station, detailing observed anomalies, their origins, probable causes, and the maintenance and rehabilitation techniques employed over the years. Moreover, it explores the relationship between conservation practices and tourist perceptions of the station, focusing on how rehabilitation efforts influence user satisfaction. This analysis was carried out through a comprehensive sentiment analysis of over 4000 tourist reviews between 2011 and 2023, and data from the station management entity, providing insights into the effectiveness of these interventions. The research contributes to the broader discussion on heritage conservation, offering recommendations for future maintenance strategies that integrate user expectations and sentiment.
Deformation Behaviors and Failure Mechanism of Coal Under Various Loading Rates Using Acoustic Emission and Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Zou Xin , Li Peng , Liu Bin , Wu Yang
Published: December 2024

Coal pillar dams are affected by mining disturbance, which threatens the efficient operation of the underground reservoir. To study the deformation behaviors and failure mechanism of coal pillars under mining disturbance, an acoustic emission (AE) system and a deformation field system were applied to conduct uniaxial compression tests at various displacement rates. The AE characteristics and deformation field evolution of coal were investigated, and the microfailure mechanism was identified. The result shows that the deformation field evolutions are the same under various displacement rates. The increment of accumulated absolute energy near the peak stress rises with the displacement rates. The increase rate of the mean vertical displacement is positively correlated with the displacement rate. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the deformation field can be applied to identify the deformation behaviors of coal and shows the fluctuate–slow increase–rapid increase trend. The distribution ranges of AF (count/duration) and RA (rise time/amplitude) are mainly 0–750 kHz and 0–700 μs/dB. The microfailure mechanism is mainly tensile failure and is accompanied by some shear failure. The percentage of shear failure increases with the increase in the displacement rate. The result provides a reference for the design and stability evaluation of the underground reservoir.
Physiological Indicators of Thermal Comfort: A Comprehensive Approach Using the Metabolic-Based Predicted Mean Vote Index
Authors: Laouadi Abdelaziz
Published: December 2024

Current thermal comfort constructs are perceptional, and their relationships to the physiological responses are not fully understood. The latter are very important, not only to indicate personal comfort perception but also to protect personal health against cold and heat stresses. This paper combined a two-node bioheat model with the metabolic-based predicted mean vote index (MPMV) to uncover the relationships between the physiological responses and perceptional thermal sensation at steady-state conditions. The MPMV index accounts for sweating and non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) at the neutral comfort state and handles both core and skin cooling cases. Simulations were conducted for adults in typical indoor environment conditions. The physiological responses investigated included the body, core and mean skin temperatures, skin evaporative heat flux, shivering metabolic rate, and skin blood flow. The study revealed that only the mean skin temperature and skin blood flow can discriminate between comfort perception levels and can therefore be used alone or combined with other variables as alternative physiological indicators. The comfort range (MPMV within ±1) in terms of the mean skin temperature is maintained by regulatory sweating and/or NST and gets wider with increasing activity levels. The study also offered important insights for practical applications and future research.
Seismic Response Analysis of a Vibrating Stirred Steel Fiber Concrete Frame Structure Based on Probability Density Evolution
Authors: Huang Liang , Li Shuaitao , Zhang Di , Wang Wenze , Xu Jianguo , Xu Shizhan
Published: December 2024

In this paper, an experimental study of steel fiber concrete using vibration mixing technology and the probability density evolution theory is applied to establish a nonlinear stochastic seismic response model for multistory concrete frame structures considering the randomness of structural parameters. The random evolution characteristics of the structural response are studied and analyzed, and a reliability analysis method for concrete frame structures based on PDEM theory is proposed. The equations are solved by the finite difference method in the TVD format, and the probability distribution of the deformation index of the concrete frame structure is obtained by summation, where the reliability is given according to the limit value of the index. The results confirm that the PDEM theory can accurately assess the functional reliability of the structure, and it is also found that the randomness of the structural parameters has a significant effect on its nonlinear dynamic response law, and that consideration of the randomness of the structural parameters at the early stage of the design can be of great help to the seismic resistance of the structure. This study not only provides a scientific basis for the optimization of the performance of steel fiber concrete but also provides a new perspective and tool for the analysis of probability density evolution in the field of structural earthquake engineering.
The Comparison and Selection of a Warm Mix Agent for Asphalt Based on Fuzzy Hierarchical Analysis
Authors: Wang Haowu , Sun Shengkai , Hu Sen
Published: December 2024

Warm mix asphalt pavements can effectively reduce construction energy consumption and control environmental pollution compared to conventional asphalt pavements. However, there is no clear test standard for the evaluation of warm mix agents. The selection of a warm mix agent is easily influenced by subjective factors. Moreover, it is difficult to consider quantitative and qualitative factors such as technical indexes and the economy. A fuzzy hierarchical comprehensive evaluation model of warm mix agents is proposed based on fuzzy hierarchical analysis. Four types of indexes, namely, material properties, technical indexes, economy, and construction difficulty, were selected to construct the hierarchical structure of the target, guideline, and indicator layers. The influence weights of all factors were determined by the judgment matrix, and an affiliation judgment matrix was established at the same time. Finally, the comprehensive score of the warm mix agent modification effect was calculated. Three warm mix agents were selected for market research and indoor testing. And the evaluation model was applied to process the data. The calculation results show that the technical indicators have the greatest influence, with a weight proportion of 0.493; WM-2 had the best comprehensive evaluation, with a comprehensive score of 0.96, and its optimal mixing amount was 0.3%. The calculation results further verified the effectiveness of the fuzzy hierarchical comprehensive evaluation model of warm mix agents. Compared with the existing methods, the fuzzy-hierarchical-integrated evaluation model of warm mix agents has a more comprehensive evaluation scope, lower subjective factor bias, and more flexible application scenarios. It provides a more rigorous and convenient idea for the development and evaluation of different warm mix agents. In conclusion, the model has greater application value and popularization value.
Test and Analysis for Shearing Behavior of Circular CFST Columns
Authors: Nakahara Hiroyuki , Uchida Kazuhiro , Yanai Yuto
Published: December 2024

Concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) structures are well known to possess high strength and ductility. CFST members are used under complex stress states, such as beam–columns, piers, caissons, or other foundation components. Recommendations for the design and construction of concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) structures were published in 1997 and revised in 2008 in Japan. In the recommendations, calculation methods for the axial strength and flexural strength of CFST columns were established on the basis of experimental results of more than 400 specimens; however, the test results of the columns that failed in shear referred to only 12 specimens in the recommendations. It is necessary to accumulate experimental data on the shear strengths and behaviors of CFST columns. Tests and analyses have been carried out on eight circular CFST column specimens with a shear span ratio of 0.75. The diameter-to-thickness ratio of the steel tube is approximately 34. The shearing capacities of the tests were underestimated by over 20% errors using the calculation method of the CFST Recommendations in Japan. The load versus deformation relations obtained by the tests were well traced by 3D-FEM analysis. The shearing capacities were estimated as an average of 12% errors using 3D-FEM analysis.
Integrated Performance Assessment of Prefabricated Component Suppliers Based on a Hybrid Method Using Analytic Hierarchy Process–Entropy Weight and Cloud Model
Authors: Liu Yan , Zhang Beibei , Qin Jiagan , Zhu Qing , Lyu Sainan
Published: December 2024

Prefabricated construction has garnered widespread attention worldwide. As an important part in purchasing management, prefabricated component suppliers (PCSs) undertake the bulk of the work and responsibility in the supply chain from on-site to off-site. Therefore, it is crucial and necessary to establish a decision-making framework to comprehensively evaluate the performance of PCSs. This study proposed a set of performance indicators for PCSs, including component quality, cost, delivery capability, service level, enterprise development potential, and enterprise cooperation potential. A hybrid method was established to evaluate the integrated performance of PCSs based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)–entropy weight and cloud model. It integrated the AHP and entropy weight method to calculate indicator weights, while the cloud model was employed to transform qualitative characteristics into quantitative ones. To verify the feasibility of this method, an empirical study was subsequently conducted using a typical case from China. The obtained results demonstrate that the overall performance of Supplier A lies at the “good” level, with the similarity index between the comprehensive cloud model and the standard cloud model within the good range, at 0.4045. Among the six primary indicators, quality performance scored the highest at 0.65, meeting the “excellent” standard. It can be seen that the hybrid approach of AHP–entropy weight and cloud model accurately and effectively demonstrates the integrated performance of PCSs. The main aim of this study was to establish a comprehensive system and develop a novel approach for evaluating the performance of PCSs within a hesitant fuzzy environment. The findings of this study can provide guidelines for researchers and the public to evaluate PCS performance, contributing significantly to the fields of supply chain management and construction engineering. Moreover, it provided a practical tool for professionals in the industry to enhance the supplier selection processes.
Effect of Distress, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptoms on SARS-CoV-2 mRNA BNT162b2 Vaccine Efficacy in Cancer Patients
Authors: Rondanina Gabriella , Buttiron Webber Tania , D’Ecclesiis Oriana , Musso Marco , Briata Irene Maria , Provinciali Nicoletta , Boitano Monica , Clavarezza Matteo , D’Amico Mauro , Defferrari Carlotta , Gozza Alberto , Innocenti Leonello , Carbone Alessio , Oliva Martino , Marcenaro Emanuela , Filauro Francesca , Gandini Sara , DeCensi Andrea
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Our previous study of 291 cancer patients, we showed that 20% did not respond to two doses of COVID-19 vaccine administered six weeks apart. Methods: Here, we investigated if psychological factors (distress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms) affected antibody response and markers of vaccine activation (D-dimer) after 6 months from initial vaccination. Results: Overall, 31 subjects (14.2%) had no antibody response at 6 months. Our analysis revealed significant predictors of vaccine failure, including the stage of metastatic disease and high-stress levels (OR = 2.46, 95% CI, 1.05–5.77, p = 0.04). Notably, nonresponders showed twice the prevalence of distress than responders (21% vs. 10%, p = 0.04). Longitudinal measurements of IgG levels indicated that participants with high depressive symptoms at baseline maintained lower antibody levels over six months (p = 0.003). In addition, women with high anxiety showed reduced levels of D-dimer at 6 months (p = 0.03). These data also showed that smokers and former smokers had significantly lower antibody levels than their nonsmoking counterparts (p = 0.0004). At baseline, the high discomfort rate (≥5) was 34.4% in women and 23.8% in men; only men experienced an increase in median discomfort during the observation period. Moreover, a higher educational level was related to increased distress among women (p = 0.046). Conclusions: These findings underscore a critical association between elevated psychological distress and reduced immune responses to the COVID-19 vaccine, emphasizing the urgent need for targeted psychological and behavioral support within this vulnerable population.
Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Transient Systemic Hypoxia–Ischemia Result in Subtle Alterations in Dendritic Complexity in Medial Frontal Cortical Neurons in Juvenile and Young Adult Rat Offspring in a Pilot Study
Authors: Dominguez Zarena M. , Davies Suzy , Pavlik Nathaniel G. , Newville Jessie C. , Hafer Brooke R. , Jose Clement P. , Gross Jessica , Almeida Mancero Roberto N. , Jantzie Lauren L. , Savage Daniel D. , Maxwell Jessie R.
Published: December 2024

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is associated with long-term neurodevelopmental deficits resulting in impaired executive functioning and motor control. Intriguingly, PAE has been linked with an increased risk of transient systemic hypoxia–ischemia (TSHI), which alone results in suboptimal fetal growth and neurodevelopmental consequences. Here, using two translationally relevant preclinical models, we investigated the short-term and lasting effects of PAE and TSHI on the morphology of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a region important in executive function, and tested whether PAE interacts with TSHI to produce a distinct pattern of injury relative to either condition alone. The four experimental groups included sham (saccharin water, no TSHI), PAE (5% alcohol, no TSHI), TSHI (saccharin water, TSHI), and PAE+TSHI (5% alcohol, TSHI). Brains were extracted for Golgi–Cox staining at Postnatal Day 35 (P35) or P100 and processed for 3D Sholl analysis. The analysis of the mPFC at P35 showed no significant differences in the number of branches or dendritic length overall, although the impact of TSHI compared to alcohol was significant for both. There were no significant differences in the number of Sholl intersections overall at P35, although a sex difference was noted in PAE offspring. At P100, analysis of filament dendritic length and branching number was also significantly impacted by TSHI compared to alcohol. Interestingly, sex was also a significant factor when assessing the impact of alcohol. PAE and TSHI both had an insignificantly increased number of Sholl intersections at P100 compared to the control. The observed changes to dendritic complexity at P100 demonstrate altered neuronal morphology in the mPFC that endure into adulthood. Given the importance of the mPFC in executive functioning, these pilot data provide insight into morphological changes that may contribute to the neurobehavioral deficits observed following exposure to PAE and TSHI and highlight the need for additional investigations into this area.
Alginate vs. Hyaluronic Acid as Carriers for Nucleus Pulposus Cells: A Study on Regenerative Outcomes in Disc Degeneration
Authors: Ogasawara Shota , Schol Jordy , Sakai Daisuke , Warita Takayuki , Susumu Takano , Nakamura Yoshihiko , Sako Kosuke , Tamagawa Shota , Matsushita Erika , Soma Hazuki , Sato Masato , Watanabe Masahiko
Published: December 2024

Intervertebral disc degeneration is a leading cause of chronic low back pain, affecting millions globally. Regenerative medicine, particularly cell-based therapies, presents a promising therapeutic strategy. This study evaluates the comparative efficacy of two biomaterials—hyaluronic acid (HA) and alginate—as carriers for nucleus pulposus (NP) cell transplantation in a beagle model of induced disc degeneration. NP cells were isolated, cultured, and injected with either HA or alginate into degenerated discs, with saline and non-cell-loaded carriers used as controls. Disc height index, T2-weighted MRI, and histological analyses were conducted over a 12-week follow-up period to assess reparative outcomes. Imaging revealed that both carrier and cell-loaded treatments improved outcomes compared to degenerative controls, with cell-loaded carriers consistently outperforming carrier-only treated discs. Histological assessments supported these findings, showing trends toward extracellular matrix restoration in both treatment groups. While both biomaterials demonstrated reparative potential, HA showed greater consistency in supporting NP cells in promoting disc regeneration. These results underscore HA’s potential as a superior carrier for NP cell-based therapies in addressing disc degeneration.
The Antinociceptive Effects and Sex-Specific Neurotransmitter Modulation of Metformin in a Mouse Model of Fibromyalgia
Authors: AboTaleb Hanin Abdulbaset , Alturkistani Hani A. , Abd El-Aziz Gamal S. , Hindi Emad A. , Halawani Mervat M. , Al-Thepyani Mona Ali , Alghamdi Badrah S.
Published: December 2024

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic and debilitating condition characterized by diffuse pain, often associated with symptoms such as fatigue, cognitive disturbances, and mood disorders. Metformin, an oral hypoglycemic agent, has recently gained attention for its potential benefits beyond glucose regulation. It has shown promise in alleviating neuropathic and inflammatory pain, suggesting that it could offer a novel approach to managing chronic pain conditions like FM. This study aimed to further explore metformin’s analgesic potential by evaluating its effects in an experimental FM model induced by reserpine in both male and female mice. After the administration of 200 mg/kg metformin to male and female mice, the FM-related symptoms were assessed, including mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, and depressive-like behaviors. A histological examination of the thalamus, hippocampus, and spinal cord was conducted using haematoxylin and eosin staining. The neurotransmitter and proinflammatory cytokines levels were measured in the brains and spinal cords. Our results have shown that metformin treatment for seven days significantly reversed these FM-like symptoms, reducing pain sensitivity and improving mood-related behaviors in both the male and female mice. Additionally, metformin exhibited neuroprotective effects, mitigating reserpine-induced damage in the hippocampus, thalamus, and spinal cord. It also significantly lowered the levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β) in the brain and spinal cord. Notably, metformin modulated the neurotransmitter levels differently between the sexes, decreasing glutamate and increasing serotonin and norepinephrine in the male mice, but not in the females. These findings underscore metformin’s potential as an alternative therapy for FM, with sex-specific differences suggesting distinct mechanisms of action.
Using New Technologies to Analyze Gut Microbiota and Predict Cancer Risk
Authors: Hemmati Mohammad Amin , Monemi Marzieh , Asli Shima , Mohammadi Sina , Foroozanmehr Behina , Haghmorad Dariush , Oksenych Valentyn , Eslami Majid
Published: December 2024

The gut microbiota significantly impacts human health, influencing metabolism, immunological responses, and disease prevention. Dysbiosis, or microbial imbalance, is linked to various diseases, including cancer. It is crucial to preserve a healthy microbiome since pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Fusobacterium nucleatum, can cause inflammation and cancer. These pathways can lead to the formation of tumors. Recent advancements in high-throughput sequencing, metagenomics, and machine learning have revolutionized our understanding of the role of gut microbiota in cancer risk prediction. Early detection is made easier by machine learning algorithms that improve the categorization of cancer kinds based on microbiological data. Additionally, the investigation of the microbiome has been transformed by next-generation sequencing (NGS), which has made it possible to fully profile both cultivable and non-cultivable bacteria and to understand their roles in connection with cancer. Among the uses of NGS are the detection of microbial fingerprints connected to treatment results and the investigation of metabolic pathways implicated in the development of cancer. The combination of NGS with machine learning opens up new possibilities for creating customized medicine by enabling the development of diagnostic tools and treatments that are specific to each patient’s microbiome profile, even in the face of obstacles like data complexity. Multi-omics studies reveal microbial interactions, biomarkers for cancer detection, and gut microbiota’s impact on cancer progression, underscoring the need for further research on microbiome-based cancer prevention and therapy.
Effect of the Nanoparticles h-BN on Improving the Tribological Properties of Biodegradable Vegetable Oils
Authors: Majewski Tomasz , Gniadek Maciej , Mrela Aleksandra , Petelska Aneta D. , Urbaniak Wieslaw
Published: December 2024

Lubricants are substances that reduce friction and heat dissipation between operating machine parts. The purpose of the paper is to investigate the possibility of improving the tribological properties of biodegradable vegetable oils. The objects of the research were lubricating oils produced based on selected plant oils (rapeseed, sunflower, corn, soybean) and Priolube ester oil containing nanoparticle hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and a dispersant. The research assesses the physicochemical properties, the wear load limit, the welding load, and the friction coefficient of the prepared oil compositions. The article compares the results with those obtained during the CB30 engine and PAO4 oil tests. The test results confirm that lubricating oils prepared in this way are characterized by promising tribological properties, are easy to prepare, and are environmentally friendly. The appropriate method of preparation has a significant impact on the quality of the obtained oils.
Calcium Alginate/Laponite Nanocomposite Hydrogels: Synthesis, Swelling, and Sorption Properties
Authors: Samchenko Yurii , Terpilowski Konrad , Samchenko Kateryna , Golovkova Lyudmila , Oranska Olena , Goncharuk Olena
Published: December 2024

This study presents the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of hybrid hydrogels based on calcium alginate (Ca-Alg) and synthetic nanoclay LaponiteRD (Lap), with an emphasis on their swelling and sorption properties. The motivation behind the development of these hybrid hydrogels stems from the need for sustainable materials with enhanced mechanical strength, swelling properties, and sorption capacity for environmental remediation and controlled-release applications. Synthesis methods for the ionotropically cross-linked Ca-Alg hydrogel and Alg–Lap composite hydrogels, based on Alg and Lap in the form of granules and fibres, have been developed. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses of composite hydrogels confirmed the successful incorporation of Lap into the Ca-Alg matrix, indicating strong interactions between the polymer and clay, which enhanced the structural integrity of the hydrogels. The morphology of the surface and pore structure of nanocomposites were studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The swelling behaviour of the nanocomposites was largely dependent on the concentrations of Lap and the cross-linking agent (CaCl2), with higher concentrations leading to more rigid, less swellable structures due to the increased cross-linking density. The sorption studies, specifically with Fe(II) ions, demonstrated that the hybrid hydrogels possess a large sorption capacity, with Lap contributing to selective sorption at lower Fe(II) ion concentrations and Alg enhancing overall capacity at higher concentrations. This suggests that the synergistic interaction between Alg and Lap not only improves mechanical stability but also tailors the sorption properties of the hydrogels. These findings position the Alg-Lap hydrogels as promising materials for a range of environmental applications, including wastewater treatment, heavy metal ion removal, and the design of advanced filtration systems. The study’s insights into the tunability of these hydrogels pave the way for further research into their use in diverse fields such as biomedicine, agriculture, and industrial water management.
A Survey of Crystals for SPECT Imaging
Authors: Xu Shuyu , Yan Zijun , Wei Qingyang
Published: December 2024

Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is an important nuclear medicine imaging tool for diagnosis and drug research. The gamma-ray detector is the core component of the SPECT system and influences the overall system performance. The detector crystals, which can be divided into scintillation crystals and semiconductor crystals, are among the main determinants of the detector’s performance. The development of these crystal materials plays an important role in improving SPECT imaging. This paper provides a survey of the technological development and applications of several crystals currently used in SPECT detectors. Furthermore, it explores future research directions for the development of detector crystals.
Microstructure Control and Hot Cracking Prevention During Laser Additive Manufacturing of Cobalt-Based Superalloy
Authors: Liu Xuanyu , Xiao Xianghui , Xiao Wenjia , Zeng Junbin , He Kuanfang , Xiao Hui
Published: December 2024

Hot cracking is a frequent and severe defect that occurs during laser additive manufacturing of superalloys. In this work, a pulsed-wave (PW) laser modulation process was employed to control the solidification microstructure and reduce the hot cracking susceptibility of laser additive manufactured cobalt-based superalloy. The effects of continuous-wave (CW) and PW laser processing modes on the dendrite morphology, element segregation, eutectic phase, and hot cracking of fabricated Co-based superalloys were investigated. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to characterize the microstructural characteristics of samples. A two-color pyrometer was used to measure the molten pool temperature variation under different laser processing modes. The results show that coarse columnar dendrites, chain-like eutectic carbides, and hot cracks were observed in the CW sample. In contrast, the fine equiaxed crystals, discrete eutectic carbides, and low-level residual stresses were obtained to avoid hot cracks, owing to the high cooling rate and the periodic melting and solidification of the molten pool under the PW laser processing mode. This work provides a new method for controlling solidification structure and hot cracking of laser additive manufactured Co-based superalloy.
Surface Cladding of Mild Steel Coated with Ni Containing TiO2 Nanoparticles Using a High-Temperature Arc from TIG Welding
Authors: Cooke Kavian O. , Mirza Ayesha , Chen Junlin , Al Hausone Alaa
Published: December 2024

This study explores the use of a high-temperature arc generated during tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding to enhance the mechanical properties of the surface of AISI 1020 steel. An innovative two-step process involves using the high-temperature arc as an energy source to fuse a previously electrodeposited Ni/TiO2 coating to the surface of the substrate. The cladded surface is characterised by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), an optical microscope (O.M.) equipped with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), Vicker’s microhardness testing, and pin-on-plate wear testing. The treated surface exhibits a unique amalgamation of hardening mechanisms, including nanoparticle dispersion strengthening, grain size reduction, and solid solution strengthening. The thickness of the electrodeposited layer appears to strongly influence the hardness variation across the width of the treated layer. The hardness of the treated layer when the Ni coating contains 30 nm TiO2 particles was found to be 451 VHN, validating an impressive 2.7-fold increase in material hardness compared to the untreated substrate (165 VHN). Similarly, the treated surface exhibits a twofold improvement in wear resistance (9.0 × 102 µm3/s), making it substantially more durable in abrasive environments than the untreated surface. Microstructural and EDS analysis reveal a significant reduction in grain size and the presence of high concentrations of Ni and TiO2 within the treated region, providing clear evidence for the activation of several strengthening mechanisms.
An Overlooked Supramolecular Synthon in Multicomponent Trimethylglycine Crystals: Moderate Hydrogen Bonding Between Carboxylate and H-N Groups of Guanidine Species
Authors: Churakov Andrei V. , Medvedev Alexander G. , Frolov Nikita E. , Vener Mikhail V.
Published: December 2024

Three novel multicomponent crystals of trimethylglycine with 2-cyanoguanidine, guanidinium and aminoguanidinium chlorides are synthesized and structurally characterized. All three crystal packings are based on the supramolecular synthon formed by two N–H groups of the guanidine species and carboxylate group of trimethylglycine (graph set notation R22(8)). Its enthalpy is about 50 kJ/mol. The three-dimensional structure of crystals is stabilized by intermolecular interactions of various types. The energy of C–H∙∙∙X− interactions, where X = O, Cl, reaches 16 kJ/mol due to the acidic nature of methyl hydrogens. The possible structure of the trimethylglycine–urea–2H2O complex is discussed. Its theoretical metric and spectroscopic parameters are in reasonable agreement with the available literature data on the deep eutectic solvent trimethylglycine–urea.
Schizophrenia Detection and Classification: A Systematic Review of the Last Decade
Authors: Saha Arghyasree , Park Seungmin , Geem Zong Woo , Singh Pawan Kumar
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare employs advanced algorithms to analyze complex and large-scale datasets, mimicking aspects of human cognition. By automating decision-making processes based on predefined thresholds, AI enhances the accuracy and reliability of healthcare data analysis, reducing the need for human intervention. Schizophrenia (SZ), a chronic mental health disorder affecting millions globally, is characterized by symptoms such as auditory hallucinations, paranoia, and disruptions in thought, behavior, and perception. The SZ symptoms can significantly impair daily functioning, underscoring the need for advanced diagnostic tools. Methods: This systematic review has been conducted following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2020 guidelines and examines peer-reviewed studies from the last decade (2015–2024) on AI applications in SZ detection as well as classification. The review protocol has been registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under registration number: CRD42024612364. Research has been sourced from multiple databases and screened using predefined inclusion criteria. The review evaluates the use of both Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) methods across multiple modalities, including Electroencephalography (EEG), Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (sMRI), and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). The key aspects reviewed include datasets, preprocessing techniques, and AI models. Results: The review identifies significant advancements in AI methods for SZ diagnosis, particularly in the efficacy of ML and DL models for feature extraction, classification, and multi-modal data integration. It highlights state-of-the-art AI techniques and synthesizes insights into their potential to improve diagnostic outcomes. Additionally, the analysis underscores common challenges, including dataset limitations, variability in preprocessing approaches, and the need for more interpretable models. Conclusions: This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of AI-based methods in SZ prognosis, emphasizing the strengths and limitations of current approaches. By identifying unresolved gaps, it offers valuable directions for future research in the application of AI for SZ detection and diagnosis.