bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating Xiaoqinglong Decoction in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis by Negatively Regulating HDAC in Mouse Model
Authors: Liu Hao-Lan , Chen Hui-Fang , Liu Qin-Dong , Xu Wei-zhen , Yan Ya-jie , Zhang Jia-Jun , He Xue-Cheng , Ruan Yan , Zhou Min
Published: June 2022

As one of the most common allergic diseases, allergic rhinitis (AR) has attracted wide attention all over the world. Appropriate treatment of allergic rhinitis should be explored thoroughly. In recent years, more attention has been paid to the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of AR. Xiaoqinglong decoction (XQLD) as a classical Chinese medicine prescription has been commonly used in treating AR. Even though its therapeutic effect on AR has been clinically confirmed, more therapeutic mechanisms remain to be further investigated. Our research aimed to investigate the therapeutic mechanism of XQLD for AR management. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) was adopted to test the stability of XQLD’s effective components. The research was evaluated in an ovalbumin sensitized AR mouse model. The results confirmed the stability and safety of the effective components of XQLD. XQLD significantly downregulated the expression of HDACs (HDAC1, HDAC3 and HDAC4) and Th2 inflammatory factors (IL4, IL5 and IL13) in AR mice. XQLD and the HDAC inhibitor JNJ-26481585 promoted the expression of epithelial tight junction proteins (Claudin-1 and ZO-1) and decreased the expression of mucins (Muc5ac and Muc5b) in the nasal mucosa of AR mice. In conclusion, our findings confirm that XQLD may be responsible for the recovery of nasal epithelial dysfunction and inhibiting Th2 inflammation in AR by downregulating HDAC expression and HDAC is a crucial and promising target of XQLD for AR treatment. This study provides an important experimental proof for elucidating the therapeutic mechanism of XQLD.
Florida's Coral Reef is Eroding
Authors: Morris John T. , Enochs Ian C. , Besemer Nicole , Viehman T. Shay , Groves Sarah H. , Blondeau Jeremiah , Ames Cory , Towle Erica K. , Grove Laura Jay W. , Manzello Derek P.
Published: June 2022

Coral reef habitat is created when calcium carbonate production by calcifiers exceeds removal by physical and biological erosion. Carbonate budget surveys provide a means of quantifying the framework-altering actions of diverse assemblages of marine species to determine net carbonate production, a single metric that encapsulates reef habitat persistence. In this study, carbonate budgets were calculated for 723 sites across the Florida Reef Tract using benthic cover and parrotfish demographic data from NOAA’s National Coral Reef Monitoring Program, as well as high-resolution LiDAR topobathymetry. Results highlight the erosional state of the majority of the study sites, with a trend towards more vulnerable habitat in the northern Florida Reef Tract, especially in the Southeast Florida region, which is in close proximity to urban centers. Detailed comparison of reef types reveals that mid-channel reefs in the Florida Keys have the highest net carbonate production and indicates that these reefs may be hold-outs for reef development throughout the region. This study reports that Florida reefs, specifically their physical structure, are in a net erosional state. As these reefs lose structure, the ecosystem services they provide will be diminished, signifying the importance of increased protections and management efforts to offset these trends.
A shared fate: Adapting and personalising medical care from the perspective of a refugee reception country
Authors: Śniadecki Marcin , Zuzanna
Published: June 2022

The article outlines socio-medical challenges faced by a country hosting refugees. Since the full-scale Russian invasion, more than 3.6 million Ukrainians have fled to Poland. Among these, a 9-year-old post-transplant patient, Tetiana. The story of the girl and her family reveals the refugees’, the authors’, and other doctors’ varied attitudes towards the war. Considering differences between the Polish and Ukrainian health care systems, and the need for well-coordinated and effective assistance, a professional, and realistically financed system needs to be established. The presence of Ukrainian doctors is potentially advantageous because of the shared language with Ukrainian refugees. Notwithstanding the medical community’s demonstrable solidarity, the months of effort and the awareness that many people may not be helped may result in burnout. Supporting others starts with us, so that neither poor management, nor cultural differences or simple fatigue, undermine the community cohesion that Poles and Ukrainians can build together.
Longitudinal association of handgrip strength with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality from a causal framework
Authors: López-Bueno Rubén , Andersen Lars Louis , Calatayud Joaquín , Casaña José , Smith Lee , Jacob Louis , Koyanagi Ai , Cruz Borja del Pozo
Published: June 2022

Background
To date, there is no study addressing the time-varying confounding bias in the association of handgrip strength (HGS) with all-cause or cardiovascular mortality. Therefore, we conducted marginal structural models (MSM) to provide causal estimations on the associations of HGS with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a representative sample of adults aged 50 years or older.
Methods
Data from 29 countries including 121 116 participants (276 994 observations; mean age 63.7 years; 56.3% women) free from prior heart attack or stroke were retrieved from consecutive waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). During a median of 7.7 years follow-up (interquartile range 3.8–11.8) and 1,009,862 person-years, 6407 participants (5.3%) died due to all causes, and 2263 (1.9%) died due to cardiovascular diseases. Using repeated measures of handheld dynamometry, we determined absolute and relative to body mass index HGS of each participant. We applied adjusted MSM to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) associated with changes over time in HGS addressing the time-varying confounding bias. An increase of 5 kg in HGS was associated with a reduced risk of all-cause [HR 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.86–0.90], overall cardiovascular (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.82–0.86), heart attack (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.86–0.95), and stroke (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.82–0.90) mortality. The associations of relative HGS were of stronger magnitude in all cases.
Conclusions
Our findings provide critical evidence on the importance of increasing general muscle strength in middle-aged to older adults to reduce mortality risk, particularly concerning cardiovascular causes.
Machine Learning to Predict Long and Short Term Fracture Risk in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Radhachandran Ashwath , Maharjan Jenish , Barnes Gina , Shokouhi Sepideh , Hoffman Jana , Mao Qingqing
Published: June 2022

Purpose
Fractures in older adults are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly for post-menopausal women with osteoporosis. Prevention is key for managing fractures in this population and may include identifying individuals at high fracture risk and providing therapeutic treatment to mitigate risk. This study aimed to develop a machine learning fracture risk prediction tool to overcome the limitations of existing methods by incorporating additional risk factors and providing short-term risk predictions.
Methods
We developed a machine learning model to predict risk of major osteoporotic fractures and femur (hip) fractures in a retrospective cohort of post-menopausal women. Models were trained to generate predictions at 3, 5, and 10 year prediction windows. The model used only ICD codes, basic demographics, vital sign measurements, lab results and medication usage from a proprietary national longitudinal electronic health record repository to make predictions.
Results
The algorithms obtained area under the receiver operating characteristic values of 0.83, 0.81, and 0.79 for prediction of major osteoporotic fractures at 3, 5, and 10 year windows, respectively. The algorithms also obtained AUROC values of 0.79, 0.75, and 0.75 for prediction of femur fractures at 3, 5, and 10 year windows, respectively. For all models, when sensitivity was fixed at 0.80, average specificity was 0.615.
Conclusion
Machine learning clinical decision support may inform clinical efforts at early detection of high-risk individuals, mitigating their risk and for establishing clinical research cohorts with well-defined patient populations.
Fine-scale mapping of physicochemical and microbial landscapes clarifies the spatial structure of the coral skeleton microbiome
Authors: Ricci Francesco , Tandon Kshitij , Moßhammer Maria , Cho Ellie H-J , Blackall Linda L. , Kühl Michael , Verbruggen Heroen
Published: June 2022

The coral skeleton harbours a diverse community of bacteria and microeukaryotes exposed to gradients of light, O2 and pH, but how such physicochemical gradients affect the coral skeleton microbiome remains unclear. We employed chemical imaging of O2 and pH, hyperspectral reflectance imaging and spatially explicit taxonomic and functional microbiome characterisation to explore links between the skeleton microenvironment and microbiome in the reef-building corals Porites lutea and Paragoniastrea australensis. The physicochemical environment was more stable in the deep skeleton and the diversity and evenness of the bacterial community increased with depth, suggesting that the microbiome was stratified along the physicochemical gradients. The bulk of the coral skeleton was a low O2 habitat, whereas pH showed a great variation with depth between pH 6 and 9. Physicochemical gradients of O2 and pH of the coral skeleton correlated with the β-diversity of the bacterial communities. Skeletal layers that showed O2 peaks had a higher relative abundance of endolithic algae, reflecting a strong link between the abiotic environment and the microbiome composition. Altogether, these results link the physicochemical, microbial and functional landscapes of the coral skeleton and provide new insights into the involvement of skeletal microbes in the holobiont metabolism.
OSeMOSYS Global: An open-source, open data global electricity system model generator
Authors: Barnes Trevor , Shivakumar Abhishek , Brinkerink Maarten , Niet Taco
Published: June 2022

This paper describes OSeMOSYS Global, an open-source, open-data model generator for creating global electricity system models for an active global modelling community. This version of the model generator is freely available and can be used to create interconnected electricity system models for both the entire globe and for any geographically diverse subset of the globe. Compared to other existing global models, OSeMOSYS Global allows for full user flexibility in determining the time slice structure and geographic scope of the model and datasets, and is built using the widely used fully open-source OSeMOSYS energy system model. This paper describes the data sources, structure, and use of OSeMOSYS Global, and provides illustrative workflow results.
High body temperature increases gut microbiota-dependent host resistance to influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Ichinohe Takeshi , Nagai Minami , Moriyama Miyu , Ishii Chiharu , Mori Hirotake , Watanabe Hikaru , Nitta Yuuka , Arimitsu Noriko , Nishimoto Moe , Nakahara Taku , Yamada Takuji , Ishikawa Dai , Ishikawa Takamasa , Hirayama Akiyoshi , Kimura Ikuo , Nagahara Akihito , Naito Toshio , Fukuda Shinji
Published: June 2022

While a common symptom of influenza and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is fever, its physiological role on host resistance to viral infection remains less clear. Here, we demonstrate that exposure of mice to the high ambient temperature of 36 °C increase host resistance to viral pathogens including influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). High heat-exposed mice increase basal body temperature over 38 °C to enable more bile acids production in a gut microbiota-dependent manner. The gut microbiota-derived deoxycholic acid (DCA) and its plasma membrane-bound receptor Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) signaling increase host resistance to influenza virus infection by suppressing virus replication and neutrophil-dependent tissue damage. Furthermore, the DCA and its nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist protect Syrian hamster from lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, we demonstrate that certain bile acids are reduced in the plasma of COVID-19 patients who developed moderate I/II disease compared with minor illness group. These findings uncover an unexpected mechanism by which virus-induced high fever increases host resistance to influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 in a gut microbiota-dependent manner.
AMPK deficiency in smooth muscles causes persistent pulmonary hypertension after birth and premature death
Authors: Moral-Sanz Javier , Lewis Sophronia , MacMillan Sandy , Meloni Marco , Foretz Marc , del-Pozo Jorge , McClaffterty Heather , Viollet Benoit , Evans A.
Published: June 2022

We address a paradox, that AMPK may facilitate hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and its deficiency precipitate pulmonary hypertension. Here we show that AMPKα1/α2 deficiency in smooth muscles promotes persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Accordingly, dual AMPK-α1/α2 deletion in smooth muscles causes premature death of mice after birth, associated with increased muscularization and remodeling throughout the pulmonary arterial tree, reduced alveolar numbers and alveolar membrane thickening, but with no edema. Spectral Doppler ultrasound indicates pulmonary hypertension and attenuated hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Agedependent right ventricular pressure elevation, dilation and reduced cardiac output was also evident. KV1.5 potassium currents of pulmonary arterial myocytes are markedly smaller under normoxia, which is known to facilitate pulmonary hypertension. Mitochondrial fragmentation and reactive oxygen species accumulation is also evident. Importantly, there is no evidence of systemic vasculopathy or hypertension in these mice. Moreover, hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is attenuated by AMPK-α1 or AMPKα2 deletion without triggering pulmonary hypertension.
Development of a method for processing log files using clustering
Authors: Mahmudova Shafagat
Published: June 2022

A log file is a document that keeps track of all events that occur on a website
or server. Many log files are very large, so they can be regularly written over
outdated content, or entire collections of log files with names, including a date,
for example, can be created. In the event of technical problems, site inaccessibility,
virus infection, hacker attacks and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks,
the resource administrator can use the information in log to find the cause,
which makes it easier and faster to eliminate unwanted incidents. The paper
analyzes the definition, types, location, use and examples of log files.
Data is transferred to the MySQL database using the Squid.db database.
Clustering is performed using a database. The study highlights clustering,
analyzes metrics, and determines the proximity of clusters and objects in
clusters in Euclidean space. Experiments are conducted and the results are
satisfactory. For example, data is transferred to the MySQL database using
the Squid.db database. Since the Squid proxy server is a cache proxy server,
it stores resources, and the work is done quickly on the next request. Data
are clustered using a compiled table of databases transferred to MySQL
via Squid proxy. In this case, unnecessary entries are deleted from the table,
which significantly speeds up data processing. The application of clustering
method in problem solving is fast and simple. For the problem stated, the
degree of closeness of clusters and objects in clusters in Euclidean space is
determined. Experiments are conducted using obtained results.
Early changes in gene expression profiles in AML patients during induction chemotherapy
Authors: Jakobsen Ingrid , Sundkvist Max , Björn Niclas , Gréen Henrik , Lotfi Kourosh
Published: June 2022

Background: Elucidation of the genetic mechanisms underlying treatment response to standard induction chemotherapy in AML patients is warranted, in order to aid in risk-adapted treatment decisions as novel treatments are emerging. In this pilot study, we explored the treatment-induced expression patterns in a small cohort of AML patients by analyzing differential gene expression (DGE) over the first two days of induction chemotherapy.Methods: Blood samples were collected from ten AML patients at baseline (before treatment initiation) and during the first two days of treatment (Day 1; approximately 24 h, and Day 2; approximately 48 h after treatment initiation, respectively) and RNA was extracted for subsequent RNA sequencing. DGE between time points were assessed by pairwise analysis using the R package edgeR version 3.18.1 in all patients as well as in relation to treatment response (complete remission, CR, vs non-complete remission, nCR). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (Qiagen) software was used for pathway analysis and visualization.Results: After initial data quality control, two patients were excluded from further analysis, resulting in a final cohort of eight patients with data from all three timepoints. DGE analysis demonstrated activation of pathways with genes directly or indirectly associated with NF-κB signaling. Significant activation of the NF-κB pathway was seen in 50% of the patients two days after treatment start, while iNOS pathway effects could be identified already after one day. nCR patients displayed activation of pathways associated with cell cycle progression, oncogenesis and anti-apoptotic behavior, including the STAT3 pathway and Salvage pathways of pyrimidine ribonucleotides. Notably, a significant induction of cytidine deaminase, an enzyme responsible for the deamination of Ara-C, could be observed between baseline and Day 2 in the nCR patients but not in patients achieving CR.Conclusions: In conclusion, we show that time-course analysis of gene expression represents a feasible approach to identify relevant pathways affected by standard induction chemotherapy in AML patients. This poses as a potential method for elucidating new drug targets and biomarkers for categorizing disease aggressiveness and evaluating treatment response. However, more studies on larger cohorts are warranted to elucidate the transcriptional basis for drug response.
A Hybrid Fuzzy Model To The Ranking Problem of Companies operating R&D Activities in Technology Innovation Centers
Authors: Ates Kubra Tumay , Sahin Cenk
Published: June 2022

Technology innovation centers where universities share information with industry collaborations and institutions and have a wide range of companies in its field. Developing technology and competition have forced to make innovations, the companies in technology innovation centers operating Research and Development (R&D) activities have tried to prove themselves by proposing different projects to industrial organizations and making innovations and they are still working since they may get some promotions from the government. A decision for ranking companies has a number of criteria, which range from financial incentives and infrastructure to R&D activities. Most of the criteria are based on linguistic terms that decision makers can express with fuzzy statements. For this reason, in this study, the problem for ranking the companies operating R&D activities is solved by using a hybrid model, combining the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy TOPSIS methods. Four different main decision criteria, 16 sub-criteria and three random companies were considered for this study. A network was formed, and surveys were carried out with the opinions of the experts on R&D activities and including experts from some technology development zones of Turkey. The proposed hybrid model was applied successfully to a case study for the ranking the companies operating R&D activities in Çukurova University Technology Development Zone in Turkey. Using actual data, it is showed the applicability of the proposed approach and compare the best alternative obtained by the proposed method for three companies in Çukurova University Technology Development Zone in Turkey.
Cash Transfer Programmes For Reducing Poverty And Vulnerabilities: Effects On Children’s Health In Sub-Saharan Africa And Latin America
Authors: Awojobi Oladayo Nathaniel
Published: June 2022

This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on cash transfers and child health. The main purpose of the research is to assess the effects of cash transfers on children’s health and development outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. Systematization of the literary sources indicates that studies have justified cash transfer as social-income support that addresses a vital social determinant of health (income) for children in low-and-middle-income countries. The methodological basis of this study is a systematic review that searched a wide range of electronic databases such as PubMed, ResearchGate and ScienceDirect. Studies included in this review included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cluster-RCTs, quasi-experimental and mixed methods studies of cash transfer interventions in children 0-18 years. Inclusion criteria were met by eight studies, four from Africa and four from Latin America. The systematic review presents the results of data synthesis of the included studies that mainly reported the effects of cash transfer programmes on child anthropometry outcomes, cognitive development, morbidity, and healthcare utilization. The review found cash transfer programmes to improve these variables among children in households receiving cash transfers. This systematic review has added to the debate on cash transfers and children’s health outcomes. In general, the systematic review indicates that cash transfer programmes intended for children are effective at improving anthropometric, health, and cognitive outcomes, as well as access to healthcare. However, there is a need for more research to clarify the multiple pathways by which cash transfers can improve children’s health and nutritional outcomes. It is also necessary to clarify what factors explain the variety of effects of cash transfer programs on child health and nutritional status. Finally, cash transfer interventions are not permanent mechanisms for promoting access to healthcare. Policymakers in developing countries should borrow ideas on how to finance healthcare services for improving the socio-economic wellbeing of citizens.
“Problems Of E-Governance İn Government Agencies And Their Solutions”
Authors: Muradov İsmayıl
Published: June 2022

The study summarizes a number of scientific discussions and arguments. The main purpose of the study is to improve the quality of e-services in government agencies, to study the current situation and issues related to the general situation in Azerbaijan in this area. Research and systematization of scientific sources show that there are problems with e-governance in government agencies and a number of improvements are needed. Transparent governance and the creation of citizen satisfaction in Azerbaijan is one of the priorities of the state. In this sense, the relevance of the study includes the analysis of e-governance problems in government agencies in Azerbaijan and ways to solve them. The study was conducted in the following sequence: – General information on e-government is provided; – In the world practice, there are a number of obstacles to the implementation of e-government in any country; – Information was provided on what factors are important for the development of e-government information resources in e-governance; -The current state of e-governance in government agencies in Azerbaijan has been analyzed. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the perspectives of researchers, theories, scientific articles, scientific research on e-governance and its improvement. Research objects include e-government, analysis of e-government problems in government agencies and finding solutions. The research is based on scientific-theoretical approaches and empirical analysis. Research has shown experimentally and theoretically that development is impossible without e-government, and the application of e-government has become a necessity. At the end of the study, the results and recommendations of the study were given. The results of the research are useful in the development of programs, projects and proposals related to e-governance, as well as in solving research problems and overcoming existing problems in e-government. E-government plays an important role in the successful development of public administration, increasing the flexibility, efficiency and citizen satisfaction of public administration. The main purpose of e-government is to improve the quality of work and management of government agencies, to protect the rights and freedoms and interests of citizens, to ensure transparent governance.
Looking a Gift Horse in the Mouth: A Reassessment of the Impact of the Hershey Trust
Authors: Yoshimori Masaaki
Published: June 2022

This paper summarizes arguments and counterarguments driving academic discussion about the Milton Hershey School (MHS) and the Hershey Company’s control mechanism, enacted by the Hershey Trust (HT). It then studies the Hershey Trust’s governance with respect to ethics, budget sources, and management, focusing on how the Hershey Company exercises corporate control over MHS. My main tool of analysis is an event study, which estimates a particularly abnormal response of the Hershey Company’s stock price to potentially disruptive developments. Empirical results indicate that the Hershey Company has not been greatly influenced by the Hershey Trust. Abnormal return of the Hershey Company’s stock price is skewed, and it has an asymmetric probability distribution after June 2016. However, the Hershey Trust continues to indirectly manage and control the Hershey Company. The Hershey Trust, accordingly, is a de facto ‘industrial foundation’. Thus, charitable trustees of the Hershey Trust affect the Hershey Company’s stock price and management. The HT and the MHS had mistaken a governance because the diversification lies with beneficiations of the trust per se, not shareholders of the Hershey Company. The HT and MHS should end their puppet dominance of the Hershey Company because the HT’s and MHS’s future 501(c)(3) status will be jeopardized. Overall, this paper presents analysis and empirical results, aimed at building a more charitable organization. The audience for this paper includes policymakers, regulators, and academics.
ANALYSIS OF BENZODIAZEPINES IN PLASMA SAMPLES BY DLLME AND LC-DAD: CRITICAL ASPECTS, FLAWS AND ISSUES ENCOUNTERED – A DISCUSSION
Authors: Saldanha Geovane , Pacheco André , Pego Ana , Bairros André
Published: June 2022

Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) is a fast and simple technique and applicable procedure for the analysis of xenobiotics in different biological matrices. We have developed a DLLME method for the determination of benzodiazepines in plasma samples using liquid chromatography-diode-array detection (LC-DAD). During method validation, relative standard deviation values of more than 20% were observed for both intra and inter-day associated with precision and accuracy. So, full method validation was unsuccessful. Critical aspects and flaws associated with DLLME for benzodiazepines determination in biological matrices has never been addressed. The majority of previous studies involving DLLME for benzodiazepines analysis either did not carry out a full method validation or they do not share any details regarding their full validation procedure. The current study has focused on the issues and pitfalls encountered upon method validation so that scientific groups worldwide can avoid unnecessary experiments and benefit from the present discussion. These observations reinforce the need to carry out such a process to guarantee the reliability of the results, even more so if one is intending its application for real case samples in the field of toxicological analysis. Indeed, full, and satisfactory method validation is paramount to provide adequate and trustworthy analytical results.
A comparative analysis of different approaches used for modelling and solving differential equations in Simulink/MATLAB
Authors: Mohindru Pankaj , Mohindru Pooja
Published: June 2022

In the paper, two new methods are developed and examined to implement a transfer function based approach in solving differential equations with Non-Zero initial conditions. A significant amount of time and effort is needed for solving differential equations theoretically or manually. Also, the obtained mathematical solutions to equations that represent various dynamic systems provide no graphical picture of the result. Using Simulink/MATLAB for modeling differential equations make the task of analyzing the behavior of systems easy and quick for the user. Beside, symbolic solutions and visual plots/graphs of the simulated results can be easily obtained and analyzed. Simulink uses different approaches to model a dynamic system such as differential equations in time domain (integrators based) or transfer function based and state space based. The paper addresses and compares different approaches used in Simulink for implementing block diagram based mathematical models of differential equations with non-zero initial conditions. Customarily, a transfer function based approach is used for analyzing systems with zero initial conditions. The paper demonstrated how to use a transfer function based approach for solving differential equations with non-zero initial conditions and two ways are devised to successfully implement the approach. To conclude, dynamic behavior of circuit and systems is analyzed and examined by obtaining graphical solutions with different approaches for chosen system parameters.
Threshold analysis method for aircraft avoiding convective weather
Authors: Xiao Shumin , Li Yinfeng , Shang Ranran , Yang Lu , Wei Xiujie
Published: June 2022

Convective weather is an important weather phenomenon that affects aircraft operation, and the determination and analysis of convective weather characteristic thresholds is the basis and premise for airspace availability analysis and aircraft diversion. This paper innovatively proposes a threshold analysis method for aircraft to avoid convective weather. Firstly, the historical meteorological data and the track data are adopted in spatiotemporal and synchronous fusion. Secondly, the K-means clustering algorithm is used to determine the characteristic threshold range of the aircraft to avoid convective weather. Then, combined with the random forest classification algorithm, each threshold is again classified 0-1 through machine learning to determine the best avoidance threshold for weather features. Finally, the new construction index evaluation is used to evaluate the reliability of the algorithm. According to the threshold analysis method, the radar reflectivity factor is taken as the research object to carry out an example analysis. The example shows that when the radar reflectivity value is 34 dBZ, the accuracy rate is 96.58 %, the false alarm rate is 2.45 %, and the missing alarm rate is 0.97 %, all of which are better than the decision tree method, thus verifying the reliability and practicability of the algorithm.
Assessing the nonlinear static stiffness of rail pad using finite element method
Authors: Othman Muhammad Iqbal Haikal , Abdul Wahab Abdul Malek , Hadi Muhamad Sukri , Mohamad Noor Noraishah
Published: June 2022

The unintended vibrations and sound emerging from train operation have an enormous impact on the surroundings, including the deterioration of the way, buildings, and structures. One proposed strategy to mitigate this issue is the installation of a rail pad inserted between the steel rail and concrete sleeper to provide flexibility to the track and cushion the shocks and vibrations generated by the train wheels’ movement. These materials have nonlinear, dissipative properties influenced by service conditions like temperature and toe load. This work aimed to investigate the static stiffness of different materials of the rail pad under the influence of temperature and toe load. The rail pads were categorized as soft, medium, or hard based on static stiffness. A 3D model of the rail pad, steel rail, and concrete sleeper was simulated and analyzed using ANSYS FEM software. The neo-Hookean model was used to model the rail pad, and the isotropic elasticity model was used for the steel rail and concrete sleeper. The static stiffness of the ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) pad was 85.42 kN/mm, lower than that of thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs, 138.98 kN/mm) and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA, 303.70 kN/mm) under reference conditions (20 °C), without including toe load effects. Increasing the temperature decreased the rail pad’s static stiffness, with the highest reduction of 53.49 %. However, increasing the toe load contributed up to a 23.53 % increase in the static stiffness of the rail pad.
Numerical convergence of the family of flux-continuous schemes with variable quadrature (qu1,qu2) for single phase flow in porous media
Authors: Pal Mayur
Published: June 2022

Finite-volume schemes, which honor pressure and flux-continuity conditions, is developed using double quadrature (qu1,qu2), referred as double family scheme. The scheme is applicable to solve the elliptic pressure equation used in reservoir simulation. Schemes are applicable on both regular cartesian and unstructured triangular meshes. The scheme is defined over a control-volume distributed formulation. The scheme can be applied to both diagonal and full permeability tensor elliptic pressure equation with discontinuous coefficients. The scheme removes the first order errors, which are introduced by standard reservoir simulation schemes when applied to full tensor flow. The scheme is quantified with help of a quadrature rule. When the scheme is applied to highly heterogeneous and anisotropic porous media it does not honor maximum principle resulting in unstable solution with oscillatory behavior. The numerical solution is termed non-monotonicity for high anisotropy ratios with results showing oscillations in the numerical pressure solution. In this paper a double (qu1,qu2) quadrature flux continuous schemes is presented, which with specific choice of quadrature (qu1,qu2) helps in improved stability of the numerical solutions. Numerical convergence of the scheme is also demonstrated with help of a number of numerical test cases and schemes impact on monotonicity behavior is also demonstrated with numerical examples.
Modification of slow sand filtration of secondary effluents by electric fields: electrokinetics and influence factors
Authors: Haaken Daniela , Schmalz Viktor , Dittmar Thomas , Worch Eckhard , Stolte Stefan
Published: June 2022

In this study, the effect of electric fields applied to a quartz sand bed on electrokinetics and the disinfection performance of an E-slow sand filter (reduction of Escherichia coli) were investigated. Results of electrokinetic experiments have shown that coliforms are electroosmotically transported to the cathode with a velocity of 0.6 cm h−1 (E = 4 V cm−1). In the absence of an electric field and at electric field strengths of <4 V cm−1, a diffuse random movement to the cathode and the anode was the only translocation mechanism. Hence, the electroosmotic transport may represent an additional component of motion during E-slow sand filtration influencing its disinfection performance. Based on this, comparative experimental investigations on the disinfection performance of a slow sand filter without and combined with an electric field were carried out. In the absence of an electric field, the adsorptive filter effect of quartz sand contributes to an initial bacterial retention by 0.8 log levels. Applying an electric field strength of 4 V cm−1 caused an increase of E. coli reduction up to 4 log levels. The electrokinetically enhanced accumulation of E. coli in the filter bed is assumed to be the major effect mechanism in the E-slow sand filter.
Biblioteca como a-com-tecer na formação docente
Authors: Silva Zuleide Paiva da , Carvalho Maria Inez da Silva de Souza
Published: June 2022

Assumindo a experiência como ponto de partida da construção do conhecimento, este estudo exploratório, de natureza quali-quantitativa concebe a biblioteca como espaço pedagógico, um a-com-tecer na formação docente. Com essa compreensão, o propósito do estudo é conhecer a concepção de biblioteca apresentada nas comunicações orais publicadas nos anais das Reuniões Nacionais da Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Educação (ANPEd). Para tanto, assume a pesquisa bibliográfica e o levantamento bibliométrico como procedimentos metodológicos. O recorte definido para o levantamento de dados compreende as comunicações orais apresentadas no GT 8 – Formação de Professores - das Reuniões Nacionais. O recorte temporal compreende o período de 2012 a 2019, totalizando 5 (cinco) anais. Os achados da pesquisa revelam, sobretudo, a carência de reflexão sobre a biblioteca no campo da formação docente, fato que sugere a invisibilidade da biblioteca na formação docente. Diante desse resultado, refletimos a importância do reconhecimento da biblioteca como espaço pedagógico para potencializar a formação docente.
Características climáticas da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Cachoeira, Joinville (SC)
Authors: Yara Rúbia de MELLO  , Paulo Ivo Koehntopp
Published: June 2022

A Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Cachoeira está localizada na cidade de Joinville, nordeste de Santa Catarina. O território dessa bacia possui importância fundamentalno desenvolvimento do município, pois nela residem aproximadamente 50% da população, e está localizado na área central, com ampla dinâmica política, social e econômica. O clima de uma região se reflete no cotidiano, na cultura, na economia, entre outras influências, ou seja, é uma característica física notória. Entender a dinâmica climática dessa bacia é de fundamental importância para o desenvolvimento sustentável do município ante as mudanças climáticas. Portanto, o presente estudo teve o objetivo de realizar uma análise das características climáticas. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados de temperatura do ar, ventos (direção e velocidade), umidade relativa do ar e precipitação pluviométrica, de diferentes estações meteorológicas, buscando assim uma representatividade da bacia. Dentre os principais resultados estão que a precipitação média anual na bacia é de 1.957,3 mm, o mês mais chuvoso é janeiro, os meses mais secos são junho e julho. A temperatura média anual é de 22,4°C, sendo fevereiro o mês mais quente, e julho o mês mais frio. A umidaderelativa do ar média atinge 80,76%. A direção predominante dos ventos é de leste.
Editorial
Authors: Adriane C. Kasprowicz
Published: June 2022

Editorail
Impacto da água residual de curtume no crescimento inicial de Atriplex nummularia Lindl. cultivada em luvissolo
Authors: Jefferson Ferreira de Freitas Feitosa  , Adriana de Fátima Meira Vital
Published: June 2022

O processo de curtimento do couro é uma atividade degradatória, pela geração de resíduos que se inicia com a salga, da qual resulta uma água residuária de elevada carga orgânica e de sais, geralmente depositada no meio ambiente. Buscando mecanismos para minimizar o impacto causado ao solo pela atividade há a possibilidade do uso de plantas tolerantes aos elevados níveis de salinização, uma estratégia de fitorremediação, a exemplo da erva sal – Atriplex nummularia Lindl. (Amaranthaceae). A pesquisa objetivou verificar, no crescimento inicial da erva sal, o impacto da água residuária de curtume diluída. Os tratamentos aplicados foram: cinco diluições da salmoura (100, 50, 20, 4 e 0,8%) e controle, com quatro repetições. Analisou-se inicialmente o solo da área de descarte da salmoura e, em seguida, procedeu-se ao plantio das estacas de A. nummularia no substrato, oriundo de luvissolo, submetendo-as aos seis tratamentos. Constatou-se que o solo na área de descarte da salmoura tem alta concentração salina. Quanto à resposta das plantas, observou-se que, quanto maior a diluição da salmoura, menor a concentração dos sais nos solos, aumentando a altura, o diâmetro, o número de brotações, o número de raízes e o comprimento de raízes de A. nummularia.
Aspectos morfoanatômicos de Senegalia angico (Mart.) Seigler & Ebinger. (Leguminosae): uma abordagem taxonômica
Authors: Flávio Antônio Zagotta Vital  , Adriana Tiemi Nakamura  , Vanessa Terra
Published: June 2022

Este trabalho descreve a morfoanatomia dos nectários extraflorais (NEF), dos tricomas, do pecíolo e da raque das folhas de Senegalia angico, visando encontrar características que auxiliem na sua delimitação dentro do “Complexo Tenuifolia”. Folhas frescas foram coletadas, fixadas, desidratadas, incluídas em historesina e seccionadas para a confecção de lâminas permanentes e semipermanentes. No pecíolo, a epiderme é unisseriada, com tricomas tectores, sendo de uni a multicelulares, e tricomas glandulares capitados localizados no sulco entre os feixes acessórios (FA). A região cortical é constituída de células de parênquima. O sistema vascular é composto por feixes acessórios e sistema vascular central (SVC). A vascularização do único NEF é realizada pelos traços emitidos do SVC. A raque apresenta anatomia semelhante ao pecíolo, porém com feixes acessórios em posição adaxial e periférica ao SVC, formando um sulco. Os sete NEF da raque são vascularizados pelos FA e pelo SVC. O último segmento da raque adquire secção transversal triangular, com apenas um FA. Os NEF do pecíolo e da raque são cupuliformes. Caracteres como tricomas glandulares, número, forma e vascularização dos nectários e a conformação triangular da porção final da raque são peculiares à espécie, sendo úteis para sua distinção dos integrantes do “Complexo Tenuifolia”, no entanto análises complementares são necessárias.
Uma coleção osteológica de roedores derivada de atividades de caça da Sociedade Awá-Guajá do estado do Maranhão
Authors: Artur Chahud
Published: June 2022

Uma coleção osteológica de roedores, proveniente de depósitos de descarte alimentício da Sociedade Etnográfica Awá-Guajá, localizada no noroeste do estado do Maranhão, é examinada do ponto de vista taxonômico e tafonômico. Em relação à diversidade, entre os espécimes analisados, foram observadas, pelo menos, quatro famílias típicas da região: Dasyproctidae, Erethizontidae, Caviidae e Cuniculidae, sendo esta última a família mais comum, representada pela espécie Cuniculus paca. Com o propósito de reunir dados para a interpretação dos tipos de espécimes (adultos ou jovens) e dos processos atuantes na gênese e preservação, foram realizados estudos tafonômicos sobre seleção óssea, quebras e marcas de corte presentes. Em relação à análise tafonômica, verificou-se que o material ósseo foi acumulado em pontos próximos e não está disperso pela área analisada. Intemperismo e desgaste não foram observados, apesar de o material apresentar muitas quebras.
Estabelecimento in vitro de sementes de Psidium cattleianum Sabine
Authors: Ana Luiza Arruda  , Marceli Buss  , Pricila Santos da Silva  , Francine Regianini Nerbass  , Aike Anneliese Kretzschmar  , Leo Rufato
Published: June 2022

O araçazeiro-vermelho possui características que interessam a pesquisadores e produtores. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar diferentes estados físicos do meio de cultura e métodos de superação da dormência no estabelecimento in vitro de sementes de araçazeiro-vermelho. O experimento aconteceu no Laboratório de Micropropagação Vegetal da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, em Lages. Foram estudados dois estados físicos do meio de cultura MS (sólido e líquido) e dois métodos de superação da dormência (ácido sulfúrico 96% e água quente a 80ºC). Aos 40 dias, avaliaram-se o percentual germinativo, o comprimento médio de plântula (cm) e o índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG). Não houve interação entre os fatores estudados, portanto, foram analisados individualmente. A maior taxa de germinação (75%), o maior comprimento médio de plântulas (1,10 cm) e o maior IVG foram obtidos com o cultivo das sementes em meio líquido. A superação da dormência das sementes, efetuada com a água quente, proporcionou a maior germinação (66%), o maior comprimento médio de plântula (0,96 cm) e o maior IVG. O cultivo em meio líquido e a pré-imersão das sementes em água quente (80ºC) mostraram-se eficientes e podem ser recomendados para o estabelecimento in vitro de araçazeiro-vermelho.
Condições fitossanitárias e danos em árvores caídas após passagem de ciclone bomba no campus da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC
Authors: Charline Zangalli  , Gabriel Mancini Antunes da Silva  , Guilherme Diego Fockink  , Lucas Lázaro Cirineu Santos  , Marina Gabriela Cardoso de Aquino  , Maria Raquel Kanieski
Published: June 2022

A vegetação é responsável por oferecer melhoria na qualidade de vida da população, oferecendo sombra, conforto térmico, frutas e ornamentação aos lugares onde estão inseridas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as condições fitossanitárias das árvores que sofreram queda pela ação do vento após a passagem do ciclone bomba na Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (Udesc), Lages (SC). O estudo ocorreu no campus do Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, da Udesc, localizado no município de Lages. Foi realizado um censo das árvores derrubadas pela ação do vento, e identificaram-se as espécies e as condições fitossanitárias em que se encontravam. As condições do ambiente onde as árvores estavam inseridas também foram avaliadas. Doze indivíduos sofreram queda pela ação dos ventos: seis da espécie Eucalyptus cf. dunnii Maiden, cinco de Mimosa scabrella Benth. e um de Schinus molle L. Do total, 58,3% apresentou algum problema fitossanitário ocasionado por fungos e/ou xilófagos, e 25% dos indivíduos exibiam algum tipo de podridão por fungos no fuste e 41,7% nas raízes. Os ventos fortes, somados às condições ambientais e às condições fitossanitárias, foram os agentes que contribuíram para a queda dos indivíduos arbóreos amostrados no presente estudo.
Girardia tigrina como espécie bioindicadora de qualidade da água no município de Barbacena, MG
Authors: Natália Oliveira Dias  , Milena Fernandes Viana  , Ana Luisa Pedrosa Patricio  , Vitor Rafael da Silva Guedes  , Camila Dornellas Estevão
Published: June 2022

Girardia tigrina é uma espécie de planária que apresenta grande capacidade regenerativa e vem sendo utilizada para estudos de toxicidade em ambientes aquáticos. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram usar a mencionada espécie como bioindicadora de metais pesados em três corpos hídricos no município de Barbacena (MG) e verificar a aplicabilidade e a eficiência da metodologia intitulada análise de sobrevivência. Como resultado, destaca[1]se que os indivíduos de planária inseridos nas amostras de água do corpo hídrico Córrego do Frigorífico não sobreviveram ao teste, demonstrando a presença de algum agente tóxico no córrego. Com relação à metodologia, os testes comprovaram positivamente o emprego do macroinvertebrado como espécie bioindicadora, sendo o método de baixo custo e acessível. Este estudo advém de um projeto interdisciplinar elaborado por alunos do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (Pibid) dos cursos de Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas e Química do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sudeste de Minas Gerais, campus Barbacena, e desenvolvido com alunos de uma escola estadual de Minas Gerais, com o intuito de trabalhar os conteúdos de ecologia, zoologia, química e educação ambiental.