bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Web-GIS for the Analysis of Scientific Literature on Earthquake-Triggered Landslides
Authors: Fiorucci Federica , Schilirò Luca , Rossi Mauro , Polpetta Federica , Fortunato Carolina , Reichenbach Paola
Published: December 2024

Earthquake-triggered landslides (EQTLs) are a widespread phenomenon which frequently occur after significant seismic events, causing additional damage and casualties. Over the past two decades, the topic of earthquake-triggered landslides has seen a significant increase in attention from the scientific community. This growing interest is evident through the multitude of articles appearing in international, peer-reviewed journals. In this study, we report the main features of a web-GIS database containing the most relevant scientific articles on EQTLs (i.e., more than 800 articles published between 1984 and 2021). After a description of the structure and utilization method of the Web-GIS, we provide a synthetic analysis of the collected articles, to provide an overview of publication trends on EQTLs theme worldwide.
Lessons from the Great Gramalote: Colombia Landslide (2010) and its Relocation Process
Authors: Ávila Guillermo , Ávila-Guzmán María Paula
Published: December 2024

Colombia is located in a tropical zone periodically affected by El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which in the wet phase is called La Niña, characterized by rain values over the historical average. The last important La Niña event occurred in 2010–2011 and produced generalized floods and many landslides around the country, with important human and material losses. One of the most significant landslides triggered in this period was the Gramalote landslide, which destroyed a town of 3000 people, located in the northeast of the country and made it necessary to evacuate all the population and construct a new village 3.5 km north of the affected site. This article presents a general framework of the 2010–2011 La Niña effects in Colombia as a main cause of the Gramalote Landslide, the description of the instability problem, considering the stages previous, during, and after the landslide, as well as a back data vulnerability analysis and a review regarding the relocation process and its results after more than 13 years of the landslide occurrence. Important lessons can be learned about this complex risk management process, as a) the geological and geotechnical conditions in which the landslide occurred and the identification of the main triggering factors, b) the necessity of confident technical information about the local risk condition that takes into account extreme climate events c) the importance of such information being known and understood by local authorities and the population, d) the difficulties that arise under massive evacuation when a detailed emergency plan is not available (no one expected that there would be a landslide of the magnitude that occurred, much less that they would have to permanently evacuate all the homes), e) the complexities associated to the selection of a new site for relocation, considering not only technical aspects but social, economic, cultural and political elements that play a relevant role in the governance and success of the process, f) the back analysis of the structural vulnerability showed similar results as observed in place, but human susceptibility was much lower than the estimated on the model, and g) the positive and negative aspects of a big and long-time relocation project that may be of interest for similar cases, considering that the frequency and magnitude of future events due to climate change may produce large population migrations and the necessity to find new places to relocate these people.
Besonderheiten einzelner Argumentationsstränge
Authors: Abels Nele
Published: December 2024

In diesem Kapitel werden Besonderheiten der einzelnen Argumentationsstränge betrachtet, wie beispielsweise Abduktionen, Negationen oder implizite Konklusionen. Diese liefern einen ganz eigenen Einblick in die Argumentationen und Beweise der Studierenden, der durch eine globale Sicht nicht erreicht werden kann.
Der Effekt von Planung bei Argumentationen
Authors: Abels Nele
Published: December 2024

In diesem Kapitel wird der Unterschied zwischen lokaler und globaler Planung dargestellt und dessen Einfluss auf das Vorgehen der Studierenden betrachtet. Auch die Kontrolle von Planung und ihre Folgen werden in den Blick genommen.
Die (fehlende) Tiefe metakognitiver Aktivitäten
Authors: Abels Nele
Published: December 2024

Gemeinsames Argumentieren und Beweisen ist eine komplexe Aufgabe, die auch darauf beruht, auf die Ideen, Argumentationen und Pläne des anderen einzugehen, diese zu prüfen und zu bewerten. In diesem Kapitel werden daher verschiedene Monitoring- und Reflexionsaktivitäten genauer untersucht und Unterschiede in der Elaboriertheit dieser Tätigkeiten sowie ihre (möglichen) Auswirkungen betrachtet.
Forschungsdesiderat dieser Arbeit
Authors: Abels Nele
Published: December 2024

Basierend auf den Kapiteln 1 bis 4 werden in diesem Kapitel die Forschungsfragen meines Promotionsprojektes vorgestellt, die in dieser Arbeit beantwortet werden sollen.
Vorbereitung der Untersuchung
Authors: Abels Nele
Published: December 2024

In diesem Kapitel wird die Vorbereitung der Untersuchung beschrieben (Kapitel 6), zu der die Stichprobe (Abschnitt 6.1), das Vorgehen der Datenerhebung (Abschnitt 6.2) sowie die verwendeten, zu beweisenden Aussagen (Abschnitt 6.3) gehören.
Über die allgemeinste Erniedrigung von Neuübersetzungen; oder: Der Instrumentalismus einer Übersetzungsfixierung
Authors: Venuti Lawrence
Published: December 2024

Some readers prefer an earlier translation in which they encounter a source text over later versions which they obsessively denigrate or reject, revealing a fixation. They transcend membership in specific linguistic communities by valuing readability construed as an indication of greater equivalence. They thus assume an instrumental model of translation, understanding it as reproducing or transferring an invariant contained in or caused by the source text. Their fixation is illuminated through the intersubjective relations in which they encounter the preferred translation. A literary representation enables an incisive account: Vladimir Nabokov’s novel, Pnin (1957), discloses an identity-forming process that can be deepened with Jacques Lacan’s concept of the “object a.” The instrumentalism underpinning the fixation deserves consideration because it effectively denies or stops cultural change, innovative interpretation, the very practice of translation.
Translation and Subversion: Perspectives in Early Modern Research
Authors: Wesche Jörg , Toepfer Regina , Burschel Peter
Published: December 2024

Translation und Subversion: Wie hängt beides zusammen? Das ist die Leitfrage dieses Sammelbands, der methodische Orientierungen und historische Studien zur Frühen Neuzeit in unterschiedlichen geographischen Settings und interlingualen Konstellationen vom 16. bis zum 18. Jahrhundert bietet. Translationswissenschaft, Romanistik, Japanologie, Germanistik und Musikwissenschaft sind die Disziplinen, die der Band zusammenbringt, um die besonders für frühneuzeitliche Übersetzungskulturen wenig gesehenen Gegenläufigkeiten in den Blick zu nehmen und auf subversive Übersetzung als Katalysator interkultureller Widerständigkeit, aber auch Unterwanderung scharfzustellen.
Through the Back Door?!—Geographical Knowledge, European Rivalry, and American Agency in the Context of Antonio de Alcedo’s Diccionario geográfico-histórico de América
Authors: Greilich Susanne
Published: December 2024

Enzyklopädie-Übersetzungen des 18. Jh. sind auch vor dem Hintergrund nationaler Wissenschaftskonkurrenz und rivalisierender politischer Machtansprüche zu denken. Dies gilt in besonderem Maße für geographische Wörterbücher. Jüngere Studien zu enzyklopädischen Wissenskompilationen der Frühen Neuzeit haben unter dem Einfluss der post und decolonialstudies auf den Aspekt der agency in diesen Texten fokussiert und auf Formen des Widerstands gegen die textliche ‚Einhegung‘ des kolonialen Anderen durch den Wissensdiskurs der Metropole verwiesen, die sich in Form von Leerstellen des Wissens und ungesicherter, widersprüchlicher Information veräußern. Der Beitrag knüpft daran an, geht am Beispiel von Alcedos Diccionario de América aber spezifischer der Frage nach, inwiefern sich amerikanische (indigene und kreolische) Handlungsmacht in Enzyklopädie-Übersetzungen als latentes Produkt des Versuchs einer Neujustierung des Verhältnisses zwischen den europäischen (Kolonial-)Mächten etabliert.
Changes in daily precipitation extremes over the Fiji Islands (1905–2021)
Authors: Fernández-Duque B. , Kumar R. , Kenawy A. El , Vicente-Serrano S. M.
Published: December 2024

We assessed changes in daily precipitation extremes for the Fiji Islands from 1905 to 2021 using quality-controlled and homogenized series. We employed a set of 23 precipitation indices that span a wide variability of daily precipitation characteristics, including the frequency, magnitude, and duration. Changes in extreme events were assessed using the non-parametric Kendall’s Tau-based slope estimator, while the significance of these changes was tested using the Mann Kendall statistic at the 95% confidence interval (p < 0.05). Results are presented for different time periods over the study domain, including 1905–2021, 1935–2021, and 1960–2021. Results suggest a general increase in most of the precipitation indices, as evidenced by a significant intensification of the intensity of extreme precipitation events (e.g., rx1day and rx5d) for the period 1905–2021. Most of these observed changes were statistically non-significant (p > 0.05), especially during the period 1960–2021. Changes in precipitation indices like metrics for days with more than a certain amount of precipitation (i.e., dr1mm and dr3mm) showed varied patterns across different time periods. Spatially, stations on the leeward side of Viti Levu showed drier conditions compared with those on the windward side, suggesting strong spatial variability between the windward and leeward sides. Our findings can contribute to the development and planning of sustainable strategies to assure water security and adaptative responses to extreme events over the Fiji Islands. Also, due to their isolation and relatively undisturbed ecosystems, our results can serve as early indicators of climate change and variability in remote oceanic islands.
Reducing carbon emissions from student commuting in higher education
Authors: Roknaldin Aleyeh , Kruke Laurel , Qiao Aili , John Richard S. , von Winterfeldt Detlof
Published: December 2024

Student commuting, specifically single-occupant vehicles, is a significant contributing factor to the carbon footprint of universities. Many universities have action plans and programs to reduce emissions from student commuting; however, the issues of safety, time, and convenience typically outweigh students' motivation to use alternative modes of transportation. For this reason, it is crucial to understand the behavioral research on commuting and the environment and the use of nudging or incentives to change behavior. Effective programs must consider the students' reasons for their mode of transportation and include them in the conversation for solutions. This work provides a literature review of commuting and nudging behavior, a study on commuting and sustainability plans at several universities, and solutions from focus groups with University of Southern California (USC) graduate students aimed to encourage alternative forms of transportation.
A panel analysis of change in personal air travel behaviour in England between 2012 and 2019
Authors: Mattioli Giulio , Scheiner Joachim
Published: December 2024

Decarbonizing aviation is challenging as few scalable technological alternatives exist, and travel activity is increasing rapidly. It is thus essential to better understand the drivers of air travel behaviour. Previous cross-sectional research has identified a range of factors associated with individual air travel frequency. There is, however, a lack of longitudinal studies identifying the factors associated with change in air travel frequency on the individual level. This is in contrast with research on daily travel and car use, where ‘mobility biographies’ studies have identified the life-course factors associated with travel behaviour change. Our study contributes to filling this gap. We investigate the determinants of change in air travel frequency using data from two waves of the UK Household Longitudinal Survey (2012–2013 and 2018–2019), combined with geographical information at the neighbourhood level. With regression models, we assess the impact of changes in a wide range of factors including socio-demographic and economic situation; residential location; spatial dispersion of social networks; migration status; car ownership; and environmental attitudes. We find significant effects for several variables, including e.g., a negative effect of having children on air travel frequency, and a reduction in the number of flights in the first few years after migrating to the UK. We conclude by discussing how the findings can inform debates on: i) the impact of life-course events on travel behaviour; ii) the causal drivers of air travel frequency; iii) the drivers of air travel growth, and related implications in terms of inequality and ‘institutionalisation’ of air travel.
“Black sheep”—physical, social, and behavioral diversity as a barrier to STEM educational choice
Authors: Lerner Merav Kalik , Lissitsa Sabina
Published: December 2024

This study explores the active non-STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) educational choices made by young women who grew up in a STEM occupational habitus, yet deviated from the expected trajectory exemplified by their parents. Employing Bourdieu's concept of occupational habitus and the Microclass Mobility Model, the study investigates possible limitations these models and concepts may face or further nuances they may require in their application. This qualitative study is based on interviews conducted with parents from STEM occupational backgrounds, whose daughters chose a non-STEM academic path. The investigation encompasses narratives from 20 families, revealing two distinct themes. The first theme, “the black sheep”, reflects challenges pitting daughters' high STEM abilities against sibling comparisons, and diverse experiences such as ADHD, social difficulties, physical diversity, cultural transitions, diverse sexual orientations, and religious transformations. The second theme is characterized by a “passion for another field”, emphasizing positive, passion-driven non-STEM choices. The study underscores the significance of recognizing and supporting daughters who face diverse challenges. It advocates early diagnosis, continuous assistance, and addressing societal gaps that hinder diversity in STEM. The findings stress the pivotal role of societal investment in promoting female participation in STEM fields, which aligns with economic interests and the need to foster global competitiveness.
Proof-theoretic Semantics for Intuitionistic Multiplicative Linear Logic
Authors: Gheorghiu Alexander V. , Gu Tao , Pym David J.
Published: December 2024

Proof-theoretic semantics (P-tS) is an innovative approach to grounding logical meaning in terms of proofs rather than traditional truth-conditional semantics. The point is not that one provides a proof system, but rather that one articulates meaning in terms of proofs and provability. To elucidate this paradigm shift, we commence with an introduction that contrasts the fundamental tenets of P-tS with the more prevalent model-theoretic approach to semantics. The contribution of this paper is a P-tS for a substructural logic, intuitionistic multiplicative linear logic (IMLL). Specifically, we meticulously examine and refine the established P-tS for intuitionistic propositional logic. Subsequently, we present two novel and comprehensive forms of P-tS for IMLL. Notably, the semantics for IMLL in this paper embodies its resource interpretation through its number-of-uses reading (restricted to atoms). This stands in contrast to the conventional model-theoretic semantics of the logic, underscoring the value that P-tS brings to substructural logics.
On the Closed Range Weighted Composition–Differentiation Operator
Authors: Mengestie Tesfa
Published: December 2024

We provide a number of conditions which characterize the closed range weighted composition–differentiation operator

$$D_{(u,\psi ,n)}$$

D

(
u
,
ψ
,
n
)

on Fock spaces. We, in particular, prove

$$D_{(u,\psi ,n)}$$

D

(
u
,
ψ
,
n
)

has a closed range if and only if it is either trivial or surjective, and the latter happens if and only if

$$\psi (z)= az+b$$

ψ
(
z
)
=
a
z
+
b

and a belongs to the unit circle.
Convergence-aware operator-wise mixed-precision training
Authors: Dai Wenhao , Jia Ziyi , Bai Yuesi , Sun Qingxiao
Published: December 2024

With the support of more precision formats in emerging hardware architectures, mixed-precision has become a popular approach to accelerate deep learning (DL) training. Applying low-precision formats such as FP16 and BF16 to neural operators can save GPU memory while improving bandwidth. However, DL frameworks use black and white lists as default mixed-precision selections and cannot flexibly adapt to a variety of neural networks. In addition, existing work on automatic precision adjustment does not consider model convergence, and the decision cost of precision selection is high. To address the above problems, this paper proposes CoMP, a non-intrusive framework for Convergence-aware operator-wise Mixed-precision training. CoMP uses two-stage precision adjustment based on epochs and batches to ensure convergence and performance respectively. After that, CoMP performs subsequent training according to the searched optimal operator-wise mixed-precision plan. The experimental results on A100 GPU show that CoMP achieves a maximum performance speedup of 1.15

$$\times$$

×

compared with PyTorch AMP implementation, while also saving up to 29.81% of GPU memory.
Almost two hundred years of monotypy and a poorly known life history: multiple lineages of Furipterus (Chiroptera: Furipteridae) were hidden by rocks
Authors: Moras Ligiane M. , Nobre Carla C. , Vasconcelos Santelmo , Garbino Guilherme S. T. , de Souza Érica M. S. , Santos Fabrício R. , Oliveira Guilherme , Tavares Valéria da C.
Published: December 2024

The Thumbless bat Furipterus horrens (Cuvier, 1828) (Chiroptera: Furipteridae) is a tiny insectivorous bat species that has not undergone comprehensive systematic revisions, as taxonomic studies about this species are only represented by the middle XIX century description of F. caerulescens Tomes, 1856. Concurrently there also has been no assessment on the genetic diversity within the species along its distribution. We analyzed patterns of mitochondrial genetic variation of F. horrens under the prediction that structured populations could be associated with the naturally patchy distribution of these bats’ roosts. Our data revealed highly divergent lineages, with low haplotype sharing and indicating well-structured populations. For the phylogeny we recovered well-supported clades, and the outcome of species limits tests suggests the split of F. horrens into a complex of four to six putative species. Lineages recovered were mostly allopatric along South America, except for two sympatric populations from the low-medium Xingu River. Based on the outstandingly high genetic discontinuities found for Furipterus, we hypothesize that historical metapopulational arrangements composed of spatially structured populations with different degrees of isolation resulted in limited gene flow for at least part of the lineages found. The observed results may reflect a female-inherited variation at least partially related to yet unknown biological traits of Furipterus such as social structure, female philopatry or other biological characteristics. Whether part of these lineages represent separate full species needs further examination based on independent datasets (morphology and nuclear data) but it is now clear that Furipterus horrens is composed of distinct populations likely containing more than one species, a diversity that has remained virtually overlooked for over two centuries.
Using the theory of planned behavior to examine the environmental behavior of roadrunners in Taiwan
Authors: Pai Chih-Jui , LePage Ben A. , Ng Eric , Fang Wei‑Ta
Published: December 2024

Background

Road running and similar community events boost local economies but also generate significant disposable waste, raising environmental concerns. According to the Theory of Planned Behavior, eco-friendly intentions are influenced by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. This study explores these psychological factors among Taiwanese road runners, highlighting their ecological accountability and aiming to impact both theory and practice of environmental behavior towards societal sustainable development.

Methods

A total of 430 questionnaires were collected from people associated with a series of road-running events in Taiwan. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, the relationships between the key components such as attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention, and behavior were investigated. The survey questions were designed and adapted in accordance with the guidelines for Theory of Planned Behavior questionnaire construction proposed by Ajzen. Partial least squares—Structural Equation Modeling has been used in hundreds of studies across a wide range of disciplines and was used to explore these components and develop a pathway model.

Results

The results indicated that when females participate in road-running events, their perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention, and behavior regarding environmental protection are higher than those of the males that were sampled. Road-running participants who are aware of environmental road-running events exhibit better attitudes toward promoting environmental protection and more likely to be influenced by subjective norms. Older road-running event participants tend to outperform their younger counterparts in all the key components that were investigated in this study.

Conclusions

The findings supported the five hypotheses that were tested in this study. Moreover, when encouraging people to participate in road-running events, environmental intervention protection measures must be implemented to increase the public’s awareness and knowledge of environmental protection at these types of events.
FusionMamba: dynamic feature enhancement for multimodal image fusion with Mamba
Authors: Xie Xinyu , Cui Yawen , Tan Tao , Zheng Xubin , Yu Zitong
Published: December 2024

Multimodal image fusion aims to integrate information from different imaging techniques to produce a comprehensive, detail-rich single image for downstream vision tasks. Existing methods based on local convolutional neural networks (CNNs) struggle to capture global features efficiently, while Transformer-based models are computationally expensive, although they excel at global modeling. Mamba addresses these limitations by leveraging selective structured state space models (S4) to effectively handle long-range dependencies while maintaining linear complexity. In this paper, we propose FusionMamba, a novel dynamic feature enhancement framework that aims to overcome the challenges faced by CNNs and Vision Transformers (ViTs) in computer vision tasks. The framework improves the visual state-space model Mamba by integrating dynamic convolution and channel attention mechanisms, which not only retains its powerful global feature modeling capability, but also greatly reduces redundancy and enhances the expressiveness of local features. In addition, we have developed a new module called the dynamic feature fusion module (DFFM). It combines the dynamic feature enhancement module (DFEM) for texture enhancement and disparity perception with the cross-modal fusion Mamba module (CMFM), which focuses on enhancing the inter-modal correlation while suppressing redundant information. Experiments show that FusionMamba achieves state-of-the-art performance in a variety of multimodal image fusion tasks as well as downstream experiments, demonstrating its broad applicability and superiority.
The Antiquity of the Commandments in the Thought of Yaʿqūb al-Qirqisānī: An Analysis of Kitāb al-Anwār w-al-Marāqib 4:52–58
Authors: Ravitsky Aviram
Published: December 2024

The question of whether the divine commandments were observed prior to the revelation at Sinai has vast theological and hermeneutical implications. The first known systematic account that has reached us on the question of the antiquity of the commandments is found in the tenth-century Karaite scholar Yaʿqūb al-Qirqisānī’s Kitāb al-Anwār w-al-Marāqib. Qirqisānī discusses two theories: according to the first, the divine commandments were given already to Adam; and according to the second, God’s law was given in an accumulative process, the Torah being developed in accordance with the historical circumstances. This article analyzes the two theories and demonstrates that they are rooted in a Muslim-Jewish debate, conducted in the first half of the ninth century, about the Muslim principle of abrogation (naskh), and that the historical context of the argument on the subject probably was that of the interreligious debates that took place in Qirqisānī’s time.
Name-Glorification, Hesychasm, and Palamism in Alexei Losev’s “Onomatodoxy” and “Essays on Ancient Symbolism and Mythology”
Authors: Biriukov Dmitry
Published: December 2024

This article considers how early Alexei Losev dealt with the concepts of hesychasm, Palamism, and Name-Glorification. It reveals a range of important sources that Losev employed in his essay “Onomatodoxy” while developing his formulas of hesychasm and Name-Glorification, elaborating on the concept of absolute symbolism and touching on his teaching about universals. These sources include “Synodikon of Orthodoxy,” “Philokalia,” and Pavel Florensky’s essay “Onomathodoxy as a Philosophical Premise.” Although Losev follows the main framework of Florensky’s project in his “Onomatodoxy” (1921–1922)—treating Palamism and Name-Glorification as derivatives of Platonism and comprehending the nature of applying the notion “God” to the divine essence and energies—he differs from Florensky in his interpretation of the structure of symbol. In Losev’s later work, “Essays on Ancient Symbolism and Mythology” (1930), he exchanges his understanding of the correlation between Palamism and Name-Glorification with Platonism, which directly correlates with Losev’s changed attitude toward Florensky. However, in the “Essays,” the specific interpretation of the application of the notion “God” to the essence and energies, dating back to Florensky, is preserved.
Phylloblastia iranica sp. nov. and a new record for the lichen biota of Iran, with a global key for Phylloblastia species
Authors: Kazemi Sareh Sadat , Sipman Harrie J. M. , Lücking Robert
Published: December 2024

Phylloblastia iranica S. Kazemi, Lücking & Sipman sp. nov. is described and illustrated as a new foliicolous lichen. It is characterized by 1-septate, colourless, more or less fusiform, slightly curved ascospores, 9–19 × 4–6 μm. In addition, the foliicolous Strigula buxi Chodat is reported for the first time from Iran, increasing the number of foliicolous lichens known from that country to three, where previously only Gyalectidium caucasicum (Elenk. & Woron.) Vězda was recorded. All three species were found in boxwood (Buxus sempervirens) forest. A key to all known Phylloblastia species worldwide is provided.
Feeding Upon the Double-Headed Eagle: A Zhivovian Reading of Kheraskov's Rossiad
Authors: Maslov Boris
Published: December 2024

Mikhail Kheraskov's (1733–1807) reputation has suffered a singular reversal—perhaps the most extreme and unfortunate peripety in Russian literary history. Toward the end of his life, Kheraskov's place at the very center of the national canon, in the minds of authors like Nikolai Karamzin and Andrei Turgenev, was beyond dispute. Today not even scholars of eighteenth-century Russian literature have a deep familiarity with his works; the Rossiad, Kheraskov's chef-d'oeuvre, was last reprinted in 1895.
Infectious complications following transperineal prostate biopsy with or without periprocedural antibiotic prophylaxis—a systematic review including meta-analysis of all comparative studies
Authors: Wolff Ingmar , Büchner Markus , Hauner Katharina , Wagenlehner Florian , Burchardt Martin , Abele-Horn Marianne , Wullich Bernd , Gilfrich Christian , Pilatz Adrian , May Matthias
Published: December 2024

Background

Despite the relatively low infection rate following transperineal prostate biopsy (TPB), it remains unresolved whether periprocedural antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) can be omitted. Our aim was to compare infectious complications (genitourinary infections/GUI, fever, sepsis, readmission rate, 30-day-mortality) following TPB, considering all studies of varying levels of evidence that enable a direct comparison between patients with and without PAP.

Methods

We performed a comprehensive search in PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases, as well as grey literature sources, to identify reports published until January 2024. All studies comparing the incidence of infectious endpoints following TPB with vs. without PAP were included in the analyses. The GRADE approach was employed to assess the certainty of evidence for each comparison.

Results

Twenty-three studies met the inclusion criteria involving 6520 and 5804 patients who underwent TPB with vs. without PAP, respectively. Two of the 23 studies were randomized-controlled trials, not all studies investigated all endpoints. Pooled incidences between patients with vs. without PAP for the endpoints GUI (0.50% vs. 0.37%), fever (0.44% vs. 0.26%), sepsis (0.16% vs. 0.13%), and readmission rate (0.35% vs. 0.29%) showed no significant differences (all p > 0.250). The corresponding odds ratios (including 95% confidence interval) also revealed no statistically significant differences: 1.37 (0.74–2.54) [GUI], 0.87 (0.28–2.66) [fever], 1.30 (0.46–3.67) [sepsis], and 1.45 (0.70–3.03) [readmission rate]. No study reported events regarding 30-day-mortality. In subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses, TPB without PAP showed no significantly higher complication rates regarding all analyzed endpoints.

Conclusions

Infectious complications after TPB occur very rarely and cannot be further reduced by PAP. Considering the results of this systematic review and adhering to the principles of effective antibiotic stewardship, omitting PAP in the context of TPB is advisable.
Leveraging AHP and transfer learning in machine learning for improved prediction of infectious disease outbreaks
Authors: Abdallah Reham , Abdelgaber Sayed , Sayed Hanan Ali
Published: December 2024

Infectious diseases significantly impact both public health and economic stability, underscoring the critical need for precise outbreak predictions to effictively mitigate their impact. This study applies advanced machine learning techniques to forecast outbreaks of Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika, utilizing a comprehensive dataset comprising climate and socioeconomic data. Spanning the years 2007 to 2017, the dataset includes 1716 instances characterized by 27 distinct features. The researchers adopt the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for feature selection and integrated transfer learning to boost the accuracy of the study’s predictions. The researchers’ approach involves the deployment of several machine learning algorithms, including Random Forest, XGBoost, Gradient Boosting, and an ensemble of these methods. The result reveals that the ensemble model is particularly effective, achieving the highest accuracy rate of 96.80% and an AUC of 0.9197 for predicting Zika outbreaks. Furthermore, it exhibts consistent performance across various metrics. Notably, in the context of Chikungunya, this model achieves an optimal balance between precision and recall, with an accuracy of 93.31%, a precision of 57%, and a recall of 63%, highlighting its reliability for effective outbreak prediction.
Mycosynthesis of zinc sulfide/zinc oxide nanocomposite using Fusarium oxysporum for catalytic degradation of methylene blue dye, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities
Authors: Salaheldin Hosam , Aboelnga Aya , Elsayed Ashraf
Published: December 2024

In the present study, extracellular cell-free filtrate (CFF) of fungal Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (FOC) species, was utilized to biosynthesize zinc oxide /zinc sulfide (ZnO/ZnS) nanocomposite. This was achieved by mixing the metal salt with the fungal CFF for 96 h at a temperature of 27 ± 1.0 °C and a pH of 6.5. Several analytical techniques, such as XRD, TEM, UV-Vis, FTIR, DLS, and zeta potential studies, have confirmed the synthesis of NPs. Fungal CFF enzymes and metabolites stabilized produced NPs, according to FTIR. The nanocomposite particle diameter (15–80 nm) was estimated using HR-TEM imaging. The DLS and XRD measurements verified those findings. The zone of inhibition diameter for MRSA was 35 ± 0.21 mm, while B. subtilis measured 33 ± 0.32 mm against the nanocomposite. For E. coli and S. typhi bacterial isolates, it was 25 ± 0.19 and 32 ± 0.36 mm, respectively. The determined MIC value for E. coli was 5,000 µg/mL and MRSA was 500 µg/mL. The ZnO/ZnS nanocomposite has a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on breast cancer cells, with an IC50 of 197 ± 0.895 µg/mL. The Methylene blue dye was removed by 87.51% using the nanocomposite. Thus, green biosynthesized ZnO/ZnS nanocomposites are recommended for pharmaceutical, industrial, and biological applications.
Longitudinal changes in reinforcement learning during smoking cessation: a computational analysis using a probabilistic reward task
Authors: Montemitro Chiara , Ossola Paolo , Ross Thomas J. , Huys Quentin J. M. , Fedota John R. , Salmeron Betty Jo , di Giannantonio Massimo , Stein Elliot A.
Published: December 2024

Despite progress in smoking reduction in the past several decades, cigarette smoking remains a significant public health concern world-wide, with many smokers attempting but ultimately failing to maintain abstinence. However, little is known about how decision-making evolves in quitting smokers. Based on preregistered hypotheses and analysis plan (https://osf.io/yq5th), we examined the evolution of reinforcement learning (RL), a key component of decision-making, in smokers during acute and extended nicotine abstinence. In a longitudinal, within-subject design, we used a probabilistic reward task (PRT) to assess RL in twenty smokers who successfully refrained from smoking for at least 30 days. We evaluated changes in reward-based decision-making using signal-detection analysis and five RL models across three sessions during 30 days of nicotine abstinence. Contrary to our preregistered hypothesis, punishment sensitivity emerged as the only parameter that changed during smoking cessation. While it is plausible that some changes in task performance could be attributed to task repetition effects, we observed a clear impact of the Nicotine Withdrawal Syndrome (NWS) on RL, and a dynamic relationship between craving and reward and punishment sensitivity over time, suggesting a significant recalibration of cognitive processes during abstinence. In this context, the heightened sensitivity to negative outcomes observed at the last session (30 days after quitting) compared to the previous sessions, may be interpreted as a cognitive adaptation aimed at fostering long-term abstinence. While further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying punishment sensitivity during nicotine abstinence, these results highlight the need for personalized treatment approaches tailored to individual needs.
Rocket launches threaten global biodiversity conservation
Authors: Ang Lee Ping , Kong Fanhao , Hernández-Rodríguez Enrique , Liu Qiuyu , Cerrejόn Carlos , Feldman Mariano J. , Shu Lei , Ye Li-Xin , Gao Lei , Ang Lee Ling , Yin Xiangbo
Published: December 2024

Satellite technologies are essential for global conservation actions through providing continuous, real-time Earth monitoring. However, development of these technologies necessitates an increase in rocket launches, which introduces new threats to biodiversity. Here, we mapped rocket launch sites and assessed their threats on protected areas and terrestrial biodiversity. Our analysis revealed that over 90% launch sites are within areas where unprotected habitats excesses 50% and over 62% of operating sites are located within or near protected areas. The threats from rocket launches are potentially associated with biomes, coordinates, and proximity to oceans. In particular, threatened terrestrial species in Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests are more vulnerable to these risks compared to species in other biomes. Without strategic planning, the continued growth of rocket launches could create conflicts between technological development and conservation efforts, undermining the achievement of UN Biodiversity Goals.
eDNA offers opportunities for improved biodiversity monitoring within forest carbon markets
Authors: Allen Michael C. , Lockwood Julie L. , Ibanez Rosa , Butler Josh D. , Angle Jordan C. , Jaffe Benjamin D.
Published: December 2024

Forest-based carbon sequestration projects incentivize reforestation and restoration activities while offering opportunities to realize co-benefits such as biodiversity conservation. While conservation aspects are increasingly emphasized in these projects, the rigor of biodiversity co-benefit verification has been highly variable. Recent advances in biodiversity monitoring based on shed DNA in the environment (eDNA) offer promise for improving effectiveness, standardization, and transparency. Here we analyze 129 forest carbon projects and 396 peer-reviewed studies to identify how biodiversity co-benefits are currently verified within forest carbon markets, and to evaluate the potential of eDNA for tracking biodiversity change. Our analysis revealed that eDNA studies focused more on smaller organisms (microbes and invertebrates) and on temperate ecosystems compared with biodiversity-focused forest carbon projects. Efforts to align these two worlds via investments into broadening the geographic and taxonomic scope could allow greater adoption and increased accountability in biodiversity monitoring within forest carbon markets (i.e. standardized, auditable biodiversity data trails). Adapting advancements in eDNA technology to the biodiversity monitoring needs of nature-based initiatives will aid countries and organizations striving to meet global conservation commitments.
Nature of sulfonyl deactivation/activation by metal catalysts
Authors: Li Zhihui , Liu Lanbo , Li Wan , Song Xueqing , Wang Zheng , Li Longfei
Published: December 2024

New mechanisms and sulfonyl deactivation/activation models are proposed. Switchable chemoselectivity strategies are provided to control these reactions.
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens WF2020 isolated from fermented pickles promotes longevity and health in Caenorhabditis elegans via JNK and p38 MAPK pathways
Authors: Yang Ximiao , Chen Jianwen , Liao Zhenlin , Fang Xiang , Wang Jie
Published: December 2024

F2020 promoted longevity and health in C. elegans via JNK and p38 MAPK pathways.
Gold nanorods coated with self-assembled silk fibroin for improving their biocompatibility and facilitating targeted photothermal–photodynamic cancer therapy
Authors: Wang Jie , Jin Na , Xie Zheyu , Cheng Qichao , Jiang Bo , Shuai Yajun , Xu Zongpu , Wan Quan , Chen Yuyin , Mao Chuanbin , Yang Mingying
Published: December 2024

Gold nanorods modified with silk fibroin and a peptide with drugs for reducing their biotoxicity and facilitating targeted photothermal–photodynamic cancer therapy.
Regulating the stereomicrostructure, circularity and functionality of synthetic PHAs
Authors: Quinn Ethan C. , Parker Celine R. , Guillaume Sophie M. , Chen Eugene Y.-X.
Published: December 2024

Synthetic poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate)s are empowered by catalyst-controlled stereomicrostructures, monomer-designed melt-processability and chemical recyclability, and pendant-group-regulated functionalities.
Enhancing stability and safety: A novel multi‐constraint model predictive control approach for forklift trajectory
Authors: Sun Yizhen , Yang Junyou , Zhao Donghui , Okonkwo Moses Chukwuka , Zhang Jianmin , Wang Shuoyu , Liu Yang
Published: December 2024

The advancements in intelligent manufacturing have made high‐precision trajectory tracking technology crucial for improving the efficiency and safety of in‐factory cargo transportation. This study addresses the limitations of current forklift navigation systems in trajectory control accuracy and stability by proposing the Enhanced Stability and Safety Model Predictive Control (ESS‐MPC) method. This approach includes a multi‐constraint strategy for improved stability and safety. The kinematic model for a single front steering‐wheel forklift vehicle is constructed with all known state quantities, including the steering angle, resulting in a more accurate model description and trajectory prediction. To ensure vehicle safety, the spatial safety boundary obtained from the trajectory planning module is established as a hard constraint for ESS‐MPC tracking. The optimisation constraints are also updated with the key kinematic and dynamic parameters of the forklift. The ESS‐MPC method improved the position and pose accuracy and stability by 57.93%, 37.83%, and 57.51%, respectively, as demonstrated through experimental validation using simulation and real‐world environments. This study provides significant support for the development of autonomous navigation systems for industrial forklifts.
Novel vision‐LiDAR fusion framework for human action recognition based on dynamic lateral connection
Authors: Yan Fei , Jin Guangyao , Mu Zheng , Zhang Shouxing , Cai Yinghao , Lu Tao , Zhuang Yan
Published: December 2024

In the past decades, substantial progress has been made in human action recognition. However, most existing studies and datasets for human action recognition utilise still images or videos as the primary modality. Image‐based approaches can be easily impacted by adverse environmental conditions. In this paper, the authors propose combining RGB images and point clouds from LiDAR sensors for human action recognition. A dynamic lateral convolutional network (DLCN) is proposed to fuse features from multi‐modalities. The RGB features and the geometric information from the point clouds closely interact with each other in the DLCN, which is complementary in action recognition. The experimental results on the JRDB‐Act dataset demonstrate that the proposed DLCN outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art approaches of human action recognition. The authors show the potential of the proposed DLCN in various complex scenarios, which is highly valuable in real‐world applications.
Maglev train levitation control via tracking differentiator with small phase lag
Authors: Zhang Louyue , Xiao Gaoxi , Zhai Chao , Zhang Hehong
Published: December 2024

The levitation control system is a critical subsystem in maglev trains, ensuring stable levitation of the train on the guideway. Achieving stable levitation requires providing the system with accurate levitation gap and corresponding velocity data while minimizing phase lag. This work proposes an enhanced tracking differentiator (TD) to reduce phase lag in both filtering and differentiation of input signals with varying noise levels. The improved performance is achieved by incorporating system damping and an amplitude factor into the control algorithm used to design the differentiator. Theoretical analysis guarantees the convergence of the proposed algorithm. Simulations and experiments conducted on the levitation gap data demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed TD in reducing phase lag for both filtered and differentiated signals. Furthermore, experimental results highlight the improved performance of the feedback controller when employing the proposed TD.
Code Parameter Summarization Based on Transformer and Fusion Strategy
Authors: Zhang Fanlong , Fan Jiancheng , Li Weiqi , Khoo Siau-cheng
Published: December 2024

Context: As more time has been spent on code comprehension activities during software development, automatic code summarization has received much attention in software engineering research, with the goal of enhancing software comprehensibility. In the meantime, it is prevalently known that a good knowledge about the declaration and the use of method parameters can effectively enhance the understanding of the associated methods. A traditional approach used in software development is to declare the types of method parameters.

Objective: In this work, we advocate parameter‐level code summarization and propose a novel approach to automatically generate parameter summaries of a given method. Parameter summarization is considerably challenging, as neither do we know the kind of information of the parameters that can be employed for summarization nor do we know the methods for retrieving such information.

Method: We present paramTrans, which is a novel approach for parameter summarization. paramTrans characterizes the semantic features from parameter‐related information based on transformer; it also explores three fusion strategies for absorbing the method‐level information to enhance the performance. Moreover, to retrieve parameter‐related information, a parameter slicing algorithm (named paramSlice) is proposed, which slices the parameter‐related node from the abstract syntax tree (AST) at the statement level.

Results: We conducted experiments to verify the effectiveness of our approach. Experimental results show that our approach possesses an effective ability in summarizing parameters; such ability can be further enhanced by understanding the available summaries about individual methods, through the introduction of three fusion strategies.

Conclusion: We recommend developers employ our approach as well as the fusion strategies to produce parameter summaries to enhance the comprehensibility of code.
Sequential dissociation of ionized benzonitrile: New pathways to reactive interstellar ions and neutrals
Authors: Bou Debes D. , Mendes M. , Rodrigues R. , Ameixa J. , Cornetta L. M. , Ferreira da Silva F. , Eden S.
Published: December 2024

Since benzonitrile’s discovery in the interstellar medium (ISM) in 2018, several studies have explored the strongest unimolecular dissociations of its radical cation (C6H5CN•+). However, sequential dissociation processes, which become important when ionization occurs with significant excess energy transfer, have received almost no attention to date. The present metastable dissociative ionization experiments reveal 14 different dissociations, of which 11 have never been observed before. Nine of these new reactions involve the dissociation of a fragment ion. A notable result shows that C4H2•+ production (the second most intense fragment ion in conventional mass spectra without metastable dissociation analysis) derives from sequential dissociation via C6H4•+, as well as from the previously reported unimolecular dissociation of C6H5CN•+. Furthermore, our experiments demonstrate new pathways that produce astrochemically important neutrals including HCN/CNH and CN•, as well as revealing CH• and C3H• production from ionized benzonitrile for the first time. In addition to the metastable dissociation experiments, we applied density functional theory to calculate two sequential dissociation routes and report the results of our detailed analysis of the peak shapes in a conventional mass spectrum of benzonitrile. The latter enabled the dominant ion to be identified in peaks with nearest-integer m/z values that match two conceivable ions. The present identification of C6H2N+ production using this approach allows its presence in the ISM to be inferred for the first time. This paper extends our understanding of how the dissociative ionization of benzonitrile can contribute to the abundances of radicals and other reactive species in interstellar environments.