bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantum spin Hall effect and emergence of conducting edge states in silicene supported by MX (M=Ga, In; X=S, Se, Te) monolayer
Authors: Mondal Shahnewaz , Chandra Hirak Kumar , Gupta Bikash Chandra
Published: January 2024

The electronic structure of silicene supported by monolayer of different monochalcogenide MX (GaS, GaSe, GaTe and InSe) substrates has been investigated by first principle density functional theory. By calculating the formation energies and phonons, it has been seen that silicene supported by monolayer of MX remains stable. The systems retain their almost [Formula: see text] planner configurations with small buckling as that of the free standing silicene and also the Bader charge analysis shows that silicene hardly interacts with any of the MX substrates. The Dirac cone with a small gap ([Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]meV) has been observed in each of the cases. All the systems show quantum spin Hall effect and the quantum spin Hall conductivities have been estimated to be within the range [Formula: see text]S/cm, which are larger than that of the free standing silicene. Our calculations show that even if the systems have bulk band gaps but the edge states are conducting in nature.
A NOVEL COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH TO THE LOCAL FRACTIONAL (3+1)-DIMENSIONAL MODIFIED ZAKHAROV–KUZNETSOV EQUATION
Authors: WANG KANG-JIA , SHI FENG
Published: January 2024

The fractional derivatives have been widely applied in many fields and has attracted widespread attention. This paper extracts a new fractional (3+1)-dimensional modified Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation (MZKe) with the local fractional derivative (LFD) for the first time. Two special functions, namely, the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] functions that are derived on the basis of the Mittag-Leffler function (MLF) defined on the Cantor set (CS), are employed to construct the auxiliary trial function to look into the exact solutions (ESs). Aided by Yang’s non-differentiable (ND) transformation, six groups of the ND ESs are found. The ND ESs on the CS for [Formula: see text] are depicted graphically. Additionally, as a comparison, the ESs of the classic (3+1)-dimensional MZKe for [Formula: see text] are also illustrated. The outcomes reveal that the derived method is powerful and effective, and can be used to deal with the other local fractional PDEs.
FRACTAL ORACLE NUMBERS
Authors: RATSABY JOEL
Published: January 2024

Consider orbits [Formula: see text] of the fractal iterator [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], that start at initial points [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the set of all rational complex numbers (their real and imaginary parts are rational) and [Formula: see text] consists of all such [Formula: see text] whose complexity does not exceed some complexity parameter value [Formula: see text] (the complexity of [Formula: see text] is defined as the number of bits that suffice to describe the real and imaginary parts of [Formula: see text] in lowest form). The set [Formula: see text] is a bounded-complexity approximation of the filled Julia set [Formula: see text]. We present a new perspective on fractals based on an analogy with Chaitin’s algorithmic information theory, where a rational complex number [Formula: see text] is the analog of a program [Formula: see text], an iterator [Formula: see text] is analogous to a universal Turing machine [Formula: see text] which executes program [Formula: see text], and an unbounded orbit [Formula: see text] is analogous to an execution of a program [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] that halts. We define a real number [Formula: see text] which resembles Chaitin’s [Formula: see text] number, where, instead of being based on all programs [Formula: see text] whose execution on [Formula: see text] halts, it is based on all rational complex numbers [Formula: see text] whose orbits under [Formula: see text] are unbounded. Hence, similar to Chaitin’s [Formula: see text] number, [Formula: see text] acts as a theoretical limit or a “fractal oracle number” that provides an arbitrarily accurate complexity-based approximation of the filled Julia set [Formula: see text]. We present a procedure that, when given [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], it uses [Formula: see text] to generate [Formula: see text]. Several numerical examples of sets that estimate [Formula: see text] are presented.
A Survey on Evaluation of Large Language Models
Authors: Chang Yupeng , Wang Xu , Wang Jindong , Wu Yuan , Yang Linyi , Zhu Kaijie , Chen Hao , Yi Xiaoyuan , Wang Cunxiang , Wang Yidong , Ye Wei , Zhang Yue , Chang Yi , Yu Philip S. , Yang Qiang , Xie Xing
Published: January 2024

Large language models (LLMs) are gaining increasing popularity in both academia and industry, owing to their unprecedented performance in various applications. As LLMs continue to play a vital role in both research and daily use, their evaluation becomes increasingly critical, not only at the task level, but also at the society level for better understanding of their potential risks. Over the past years, significant efforts have been made to examine LLMs from various perspectives. This paper presents a comprehensive review of these evaluation methods for LLMs, focusing on three key dimensions:
what to evaluate
,
where to evaluate
, and
how to evaluate
. Firstly, we provide an overview from the perspective of evaluation tasks, encompassing general natural language processing tasks, reasoning, medical usage, ethics, education, natural and social sciences, agent applications, and other areas. Secondly, we answer the ‘where’ and ‘how’ questions by diving into the evaluation methods and benchmarks, which serve as crucial components in assessing the performance of LLMs. Then, we summarize the success and failure cases of LLMs in different tasks. Finally, we shed light on several future challenges that lie ahead in LLMs evaluation. Our aim is to offer invaluable insights to researchers in the realm of LLMs evaluation, thereby aiding the development of more proficient LLMs. Our key point is that evaluation should be treated as an essential discipline to better assist the development of LLMs. We consistently maintain the related open-source materials at:
https://github.com/MLGroupJLU/LLM-eval-survey
Tagging Items with Emerging Tags: A Neural Topic Model Based Few-Shot Learning Approach
Authors: Che Shangkun , Liu Hongyan , Liu Shen
Published: January 2024

The tagging system has become a primary tool to organize information resources on the Internet, which benefits both users and the platforms. To build a successful tagging system, automatic tagging methods are desired. With the development of society, new tags keep emerging. The problem of tagging items with emerging tags is an open challenge for an automatic tagging system, and it has not been well studied in the literature. We define this problem as a tag-centered cold-start problem in this study and propose a novel neural topic model based few-shot learning method named
NTFSL
to solve the problem. In our proposed method, we innovatively fuse the topic modeling task with the few-shot learning task, endowing the model with the capability to infer effective topics to solve the tag-centered cold-start problem with the property of interpretability. Meanwhile, we propose a novel neural topic model for the topic modeling task to improve the quality of inferred topics, which helps enhance the tagging performance. Furthermore, we develop a novel inference method based on the variational auto-encoding framework for model inference. We conducted extensive experiments on two real-world datasets, and the results demonstrate the superior performance of our proposed model compared with state-of-the-art machine learning methods. Case studies also show the interpretability of the model.
Review—Recent Progress in the Design of Chemical Hydrogen Sensors
Authors: Wang Luyu , Song Jia
Published: January 2024

The potential of hydrogen gas as a clean and renewable energy source has attracted considerable interest as a fuel for new energy vehicles. In order to guarantee the security and efficiency of these vehicles, the development of chemical hydrogen sensors has become essential. This paper offers a synopsis of the architecture of smart hydrogen detectors. It delves into the fundamentals, technical characteristics, and practical uses of these sensors. This review delves into a variety of hydrogen sensors, such as resistive sensors, electrochemical sensors, field-effect transistor (FET) sensors, and other sensors. This review provides researchers in the field of chemical sensor design with useful information about the current and future potential of hydrogen sensors.
Emerging Pathophysiological Roles of Ketone Bodies
Authors: Tsuruta Hiroaki , Yamahara Kosuke , Yasuda-Yamahara Mako , Kume Shinji
Published: January 2024

The discovery of insulin approximately a century ago greatly improved the management of diabetes, including many of its life-threatening acute complications like ketoacidosis. This breakthrough saved many lives and extended the healthy lifespan of many patients with diabetes. However, there is still a negative perception of ketone bodies stemming from ketoacidosis. Originally, ketone bodies were thought of as a vital source of energy during fasting and exercise. Furthermore, in recent years, research on calorie restriction and its potential impact on extending healthy lifespans, as well as studies on ketone bodies, have gradually led to a reevaluation of the significance of ketone bodies in promoting longevity. Thus, in this review, we discuss the emerging and hidden roles of ketone bodies in various organs, including the heart, kidneys, skeletal muscles, and brain, as well as their potential impact on malignancies and lifespan.
Light Influences the Growth, Pigment Synthesis, Photosynthesis Capacity, and Antioxidant Activities in Scenedesmus falcatus
Authors: Songserm Rattanaporn , Nishiyama Yoshitaka , Sanevas Nuttha
Published: January 2024

Light plays a significant role in microalgae cultivation, significantly influencing critical parameters, including biomass production, pigment content, and the accumulation of metabolic compounds. This study was intricately designed to optimize light intensities, explicitly targeting enhancing growth, pigmentation, and antioxidative properties in the green microalga, Scenedesmus falcatus (KU.B1). Additionally, the study delved into the photosynthetic efficiency in light responses of S. falcatus. The cultivation of S. falcatus was conducted in TRIS-acetate-phosphate medium (TAP medium) under different light intensities of 100, 500, and 1000 μmol photons m−2·s−1 within a photoperiodic cycle of 12 h of light and 12 h of dark. Results indicated a gradual increase in the growth of S. falcatus under high light conditions at 1000 μmol photons m−2·s−1, reaching a maximum optical density of 1.33 ± 0.03 and a total chlorophyll content of 22.67 ± 0.2 μg/ml at 120 h. Conversely, a slower growth rate was observed under low light at 100 μmol photons m−2·s−1. However, noteworthy reductions in the maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and actual quantum yield (Y(II)) were observed under 1000 μmol photons m−2·s−1, reflecting a decline in algal photosynthetic efficiency. Interestingly, these changes under 1000 μmol photons m−2·s−1 were concurrent with a significant accumulation of a high amount of beta-carotene (919.83 ± 26.33 mg/g sample), lutein (34.56 ± 0.19 mg/g sample), and canthaxanthin (24.00 ± 0.38 mg/g sample) within algal cells. Nevertheless, it was noted that antioxidant activities and levels of total phenolic compounds (TPCs) decreased under high light at 1000 μmol photons m−2·s−1, with IC50 of DPPH assay recorded at 218.00 ± 4.24 and TPC at 230.83 ± 86.75 mg of GAE/g. The findings suggested that the elevated light intensity at 1000 μmol photons m−2·s−1 enhanced the growth and facilitated the accumulation of valuable carotenoid pigment in S. falcatus, presenting potential applications in the functional food and carotenoid industry.
Analysis of the Influence of Different Processing Methods on the Main Effective Components in Oviductus Ranae by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detector
Authors: Xu Yang , Yue Xianwen , Chi Jihong , Yang Huailei , Wang Ying , Wang Yongsheng , Yu Peng , Bao Huiwei
Published: January 2024

Oviductus Ranae (OR) is one of the “treasures of Changbai Mountain” in China. It is used clinically for the treatment of infirmity after illness, fatigued spirit, cough, hemoptysis, and so forth. In this study, a simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of five main effective components (1-methyl hydantoin, estradiol, cholesterol, 7-keto-cholesterol, and 4-cholesten-3-one) in OR and its different processed products. The results indicated that these five components showed good linear relationships within their own concentration ranges along with coefficients of determination ≥0.9996. Average recoveries ranged from 97.67% to 100.06%, with RSDs of 1.45%–1.99%. The proposed method was found to be simple, accurate, and stable, which provided an effective analytical method for quality control and evaluation of OR and its different processed products.
Effect of Change in Plant Capacity towards Controllability of Biohydrogen Production Plant from Biomass
Authors: Wahid Abdul , Nararya Rizali Nurcahya , Anandita Shafira
Published: January 2024

This paper discusses the plant‐wide control system of a biohydrogen plant from biomass. The plant’s control structure is designed by assessing the use of model predictive control (MPC) and proportional‐integral (PI) controllers for each controlled variable. Then, the control structure design is tested by set point and disturbance change tests, and its performance is evaluated by integral square error (ISE). This plant is simulated in two different capacities to understand the effect of change in plant capacity on the plant’s controllability. Results show that the plant with capacity A has controllability of +25% and −5%, while the plant with capacity B has controllability of +100% and −5% for the dry biomass molar flow rate change test. Both plants have the same controllability of +100% and −100% for the dry biomass temperature test. Both plants result in a dry biomass conversion rate of 16.52%, where the amount of H2 produced is 382 kg/h and 2,291 kg/h, respectively.
Atraumatic Bilateral Patella Fracture in Middle‐Aged Female: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Ghimire Padhya Ishwor , Lamichhane Saral , Devkota Pramod , Gurung Praful , Aryal Pragya
Published: January 2024

The patella is the largest sesamoid bone in the body and an important structure of the extensor apparatus which is under undue stress during flexion and extension of the knee. Bilateral fracture of the patella without trauma is a very rare event and may be multifactorial without a single cause. A repetitive stress reaction in a previously predisposed bone can be an important cause. We report a case of a 45‐year‐old female with a nontraumatic bilateral transverse patella fracture with loss of extensor mechanism. A stable surgical fixation for such a displaced fracture with a good rehabilitation program can lead to a good functional outcome.
Identification and Verification of Hub Mitochondrial Dysfunction Genes in Osteoarthritis Based on Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Niu Hui , Deng Xingxing , Zhang Qian , Zhao Yijun , Wen Jinfeng , Li Wenyu , Liu Huan , Guo Xiong , Wu Cuiyan
Published: January 2024

Objective. Age‐related mitochondrial dysfunction and associated oxidative stress may contribute to the development of osteoarthritis. The aim of this study was to identify hub genes associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in osteoarthritis (OA) patients, helping predict the risk of OA, and revealing the mechanism of OA progression. Methods. OA expression data and mitochondrial dysfunction genes were downloaded from GEO (GSE55235, GSE82107, and GSE114007) and GeneCard databases. The differentially expressed mitochondrial dysfunction genes (DEMDFGs) between OA and control samples were screened. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathways were analyzed for DEMDFGs. The hub genes were determined by WGCNA and LASSO regression analysis. ROC curves manifested the diagnostic efficacy of each hub gene. A nomogram model was constructed and validated to predict OA risk. The expression of hub genes in OA and normal chondrocytes was verified by external datasets, qRT‐PCR and western blotting. Results. A total of 31 DEMDFGs were identified, with 15 genes upregulated and 16 genes downregulated. GO functional enrichment analysis revealed that DEMDFGs were enriched in biological processes related to energy metabolism and cellular respiration. By employing weighted gene coexpression network analysis, we identified four distinct coexpression modules, among which the blue module exhibited the strongest correlation with OA. The intersection between DEMDFGs and this module yielded eight candidate genes. After LASSO analysis of the data, four hub genes (ACADL, CYBA, SLC19A2, and UCP2) were identified as potential biomarkers for OA. The expression levels of these four genes were externally validated in the GSE114007 dataset. And the biologically differential expression of these four genes has been verified in OA and normal chondrocytes. Moreover, the four hub genes had good sensitivity and specificity by ROC curve analysis, and the risk model constructed with these four genes showed promising performance. In conclusion, our study may provide novel mitochondrial dysfunction hub genes with potential clinical applications for understanding the pathology, diagnosis, and treatment of OA.
Suppression Method for Smeared Spectrum Jamming Based on Lv’s Distribution Combined with Biorthogonal Fourier Transform
Authors: Wen Zhenming , Wang Guohong , Yu Hongbo
Published: January 2024

Smeared spectrum (SMSP) jamming is a deceptive jamming technique commonly used against linear frequency modulation (LFM) radar. This technique produces high-density false targets that resemble a comb shape after pulse compression processing, resulting in both deceiving and suppressing effects. In order to suppress jamming effectively, a new antijamming technique has been proposed that combines Lv’s distribution (LVD) with biorthogonal Fourier transform (BFT). The main idea of this antijamming method is based on a three-step process: “parameter estimation—echo modulation—identification and suppression.” The first step involves obtaining the delay and chirp rate of the jamming from the LVD matrix of the radar echo. Based on the estimated parameter information, a reference signal is designed to modulate the jamming into a complete chirp signal. In the second step, biorthogonal Fourier transform is used to distinguish between the target’s echo and jamming based on the difference in the chirp rate. Finally, jamming is filtered using narrow-band filtering in the chirp rate domain, and the original echo is recovered by using biorthogonal inverse Fourier transform (IBFT). Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves high accuracy in estimating jamming parameters and is capable of suppressing false targets under high jamming-to-signal ratio (JSR) conditions.
Data from The Heterochronic microRNA let-7 Inhibits Cell Motility by Regulating the Genes in the Actin Cytoskeleton Pathway in Breast Cancer
Authors: Hu Xiaowen , Guo Jinyi , Zheng Lan , Li Chunsheng , Zheng Tim M. , Tanyi Janos L. , Liang Shun , Benedetto Chiara , Mitidieri Marco , Katsaros Dionyssios , Zhao Xia , Zhang Youcheng , Huang Qihong , Zhang Lin
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The heterochronic gene let-7 serves as a tumor suppressor microRNA by targeting various oncogenic pathways in cancer cells. Considerable evidence indicates that reduced expression of let-7 might be associated with poor clinical outcome in patients with cancer. Here, we report that the expression levels of three let-7 family members, let-7a, let-7b, and let-7g, were significantly decreased in the patients with breast cancer with lymph node metastasis compared with those without lymph node metastasis. Enforced expression of let-7b significantly inhibits breast cancer cell motility and affects actin dynamics. Using bioinformatic and experimental approaches, four genes in the actin cytoskeleton pathway, including PAK1, DIAPH2, RDX, and ITGB8, were identified as let-7 direct targets. Blocking the expression of PAK1, DIAPH2, and RDX significantly inhibits breast cancer cell migration induced by let-7b repression. Our results indicate that reconstitution of let-7 expression in tumor cells could provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of metastatic disease. Mol Cancer Res; 11(3); 240–50. ©2013 AACR.
A Bioinformatics Tool for Identifying Intratumoral Microbes from the ORIEN Dataset
Authors: Wang Cankun , Ma Anjun , Li Yingjie , McNutt Megan E. , Zhang Shiqi , Zhu Jiangjiang , Hoyd Rebecca , Wheeler Caroline E. , Robinson Lary A. , Chan Carlos H.F. , Zakharia Yousef , Dodd Rebecca D. , Ulrich Cornelia M. , Hardikar Sheetal , Churchman Michelle L. , Tarhini Ahmad A. , Singer Eric A. , Ikeguchi Alexandra P. , McCarter Martin D. , Denko Nicholas , Tinoco Gabriel , Husain Marium , Jin Ning , Osman Afaf E.G. , Eljilany Islam , Tan Aik Choon , Coleman Samuel S. , Denko Louis , Riedlinger Gregory , Schneider Bryan P. , Spakowicz Daniel , Ma Qin ,   the exORIEN Consortium
Published: January 2024

Evidence supports significant interactions among microbes, immune cells, and tumor cells in at least 10%–20% of human cancers, emphasizing the importance of further investigating these complex relationships. However, the implications and significance of tumor-related microbes remain largely unknown. Studies have demonstrated the critical roles of host microbes in cancer prevention and treatment responses. Understanding interactions between host microbes and cancer can drive cancer diagnosis and microbial therapeutics (bugs as drugs). Computational identification of cancer-specific microbes and their associations is still challenging due to the high dimensionality and high sparsity of intratumoral microbiome data, which requires large datasets containing sufficient event observations to identify relationships, and the interactions within microbial communities, the heterogeneity in microbial composition, and other confounding effects that can lead to spurious associations. To solve these issues, we present a bioinformatics tool, microbial graph attention (MEGA), to identify the microbes most strongly associated with 12 cancer types. We demonstrate its utility on a dataset from a consortium of nine cancer centers in the Oncology Research Information Exchange Network. This package has three unique features: species-sample relations are represented in a heterogeneous graph and learned by a graph attention network; it incorporates metabolic and phylogenetic information to reflect intricate relationships within microbial communities; and it provides multiple functionalities for association interpretations and visualizations. We analyzed 2,704 tumor RNA sequencing samples and MEGA interpreted the tissue-resident microbial signatures of each of 12 cancer types. MEGA can effectively identify cancer-associated microbial signatures and refine their interactions with tumors.

Significance:

Studying the tumor microbiome in high-throughput sequencing data is challenging because of the extremely sparse data matrices, heterogeneity, and high likelihood of contamination. We present a new deep learning tool, MEGA, to refine the organisms that interact with tumors.
The Combination of SHOX2 and RASSF1A DNA Methylation Had a Diagnostic Value in Pulmonary Nodules and Early Lung Cancer
Authors: Xie Bin , Dong Wenyan , He Fengping , Peng Feng , Zhang Honghua , Wang Wei
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The study explored the effects of SHOX2 and RASSF1A DNA methylation in lung cancer (LC). Method: Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples as well as LC and normal adjacent tissues were collected from 72 LC patients and 35 patients with benign pulmonary nodules. Quantitative analysis of SHOX2 and RASSF1A DNA methylation was performed in benign pulmonary nodules and different stages of LC. The diagnostic value of SHOX2 and RASSF1A DNA methylation in LC and benign pulmonary nodules was determined by receiver operating characteristics analysis. Gain/loss-of-function experiments were constructed in LC cells and mouse models of xenograft and pulmonary nodule metastasis. The levels of SHOX2 and transfer-associated genes were tested through quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Malignant phenotype of LC cells was assessed by functional experiment. The tumor volume and weight of mice in xenograft models were measured. Pulmonary nodule metastasis was determined through HE staining assay. 5-azacytidine appeared as a positive control drug. Result: SHOX2 DNA methylation or RASSF1A DNA methylation had diagnostic efficiency in pulmonary nodules and early LC, with the two combined having better diagnostic value. SHOX2 expression was upregulated in LC. Similar to 5-azacytidine, SHOX2 knockdown inhibited LC cell viability, migration, and invasion in vitro as well as restrained LC tumorigenesis and pulmonary nodule metastasis in vivo, whereas overexpressed SHOX2 had the opposite effects. Conclusion: The combination of SHOX2 and RASSF1A DNA methylation had a diagnostic value in pulmonary nodules and early LC. SHOX2 positively modulated the tumorigenesis and metastasis of LC by regulating DNA methylation processes.
Bilateral Vitiligo-Like Depigmentation of Choroid and Retinal Pigment Epithelium Associated with Ipilimumab-Nivolumab Therapy for Metastatic Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: Cotton Caroline C. , Chandrabhatla Anirudha S. , Higgins Mackenzie L. , Shildkrot Yevgeniy
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Ipilimumab and nivolumab are checkpoint inhibitors that are known to cause a multitude of inflammatory ocular adverse events. Here we report a patient with poliosis and symptomatic depigmentation of the choroid and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) associated with checkpoint inhibitor therapy for cutaneous melanoma. Case Presentation: The patient presented with floaters in both eyes and concerns for intraocular metastases of metastatic cutaneous melanoma after 1 month of therapy with ipilimumab and nivolumab. External examination revealed poliosis of her eyebrows and eyelashes. Fundus photography demonstrated multiple 1–3 disc-diameter hypopigmented placoid flat areas in the RPE/choroid exposing underlying choroidal vessels in both eyes. At subsequent evaluation 7 months later (after an additional 6 months of checkpoint inhibitor therapy), the lesions appeared more blanched. Evaluation nearly 20 months after the initial presentation showed no significant changes from her prior visit despite cessation of checkpoint inhibitor therapy for 13 months. Conclusion: Checkpoint inhibitor therapy for cutaneous melanoma metastases can cause depigmentation of the choroid and RPE that must be differentiated from progression of intraocular melanoma.
Hitzebelastung in der Umgebung und Krankenhauseinweisungen wegen COPD in England: eine landesweite Einzelfallstudie im Zeitraum 2007 bis 2018
Authors: Konstantinoudis Garyfallos , Minelli Cosetta , Vicedo-Cabrera Ana Maria , Ballester Joan , Gasparrini Antonio , Blangiardo Marta
Published: January 2024

Hintergrund: Es gibt neue Hinweise auf einen Zusammenhang zwischen der Hitzebelastung in der Umgebung und Krankenhauseinweisungen wegen chronisch obstruktiver Lungenerkrankung (COPD). Individuelle und kontextuelle Merkmale können die Anfälligkeit der Bevölkerung für hitzebedingte Krankenhauseinweisungen wegen COPD beeinflussen. Diese Studie quantifiziert die Auswirkungen der Umgebungswärme auf Krankenhauseinweisungen wegen COPD und untersucht die Anfälligkeit der Bevölkerung nach Alter, Geschlecht und kontextuellen Merkmalen. Method: en: Individuelle Daten zu Krankenhauseinweisungen wegen COPD in hoher geografischer Auflösung (Postleitzahlen) für den Zeitraum 2007 bis 2018 in England wurden von der Small Area Health Statistics Unit abgerufen. Die maximale Temperatur mit einer Auflösung von 1 km × 1 km war vom britischen Met Office erhältlich. Wir haben ein Fall-Crossover-Studiendesign und Bayes’sche bedingte Poisson-Regressionsmodelle verwendet. Wir haben die relative Luftfeuchtigkeit und nationale Feiertage berücksichtigt und untersucht, wie sich der Effekt je nach Alter, Geschlecht, Grünflächen, Durchschnittstemperatur, Benachteiligung und Urbanität verändert. Ergebnisse: Nach Berücksichtigung von Störfaktoren fanden wir eine Erhöhung des Risikos einer Krankenhauseinweisung um 1,47% (95%-Kredibilitätsintervall (KrI) 1,19–1,73%) für jeden Temperaturanstieg von 1 °C über 23,2 °C (Latenzzeit 0–2 Tage). Wir fanden schwache Hinweise auf eine Effektmodifikation durch Geschlecht und Alter. Wir fanden eine starke regionale Determinante des Risikos einer Krankenhauseinweisung wegen COPD aufgrund von Hitzebelastung, die sich abschwächte, wenn kontextuelle Merkmale berücksichtigt wurden. 1851 (95%-KrI 1576–2079) Krankenhauseinweisungen wegen COPD pro Jahr wurden mit Temperaturen über 23,2 °C in Verbindung gebracht. Schlussfolgerung: Unsere Studie legt nahe, dass Ressourcen zur Unterstützung der öffentlichen Gesundheitssysteme bereitgestellt werden sollten, z.B. durch die Entwicklung oder Ausweitung von Hitzewarnungen, um der steigenden zukünftigen Belastung durch hitzebedingte Krankenhauseinweisungen wegen COPD zu begegnen.
Catabolic Network of the Fermentative Gut Bacterium Phocaeicola vulgatus (Phylum Bacteroidota) from a Physiologic-Proteomic Perspective
Authors: Clausen Urte , Vital Sören-Tobias , Lambertus Pia , Gehler Martina , Scheve Sabine , Wöhlbrand Lars , Rabus Ralf
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Phocaeicola vulgatus (formerly Bacteroides vulgatus) is a prevalent member of human and animal guts, where it influences by its dietary-fiber-fueled, fermentative metabolism the microbial community as well as the host health. Moreover, the fermentative metabolism of P. vulgatus bears potential for a sustainable production of bulk chemicals. The aim of the present study was to refine the current understanding of the P. vulgatus physiology. Methods: P. vulgatus was adapted to anaerobic growth with 14 different carbohydrates, ranging from hexoses, pentoses, hemicellulose, via an uronic acid to deoxy sugars. These substrate-adapted cells formed the basis to define the growth stoichiometries by quantifying growth/fermentation parameters and to reconstruct the catabolic network by applying differential proteomics. Results: The determination of growth performance revealed, e.g., doubling times (h) from 1.39 (arabinose) to 14.26 (glucuronate), biomass yields (gCDW/mmolS) from 0.01 (fucose) to 0.27 (α-cyclodextrin), and ATP yields (mMATP/mMC) from 0.21 (rhamnose) to 0.60 (glucuronate/xylan). Furthermore, fermentation product spectra were determined, ranging from broad and balanced (with xylan: acetate, succinate, formate, and propanoate) to rather one sided (with rhamnose or fucose: mainly propane-1,2-diol). The fermentation network serving all tested compounds is composed of 56 proteins (all identified), with several peripheral reaction sequences formed with high substrate specificity (e.g., conversion of arabinose to d-xylulose-3-phosphate) implicating a fine-tuned regulation. By contrast, central modules (e.g., glycolysis or the reaction sequence from PEP to succinate) were constitutively formed. Extensive formation of propane-1,2-diol from rhamnose and fucose involves rhamnulokinase (RhaB), rhamnulose-1-phosphate kinase (RhaD), and lactaldehyde reductase (FucO). Furthermore, Sus-like systems are apparently the most relevant uptake systems and a complex array of transmembrane electron-transfer systems (e.g., Na+-pumping Rnf and Nqr complexes, fumarate reductase) as well as F- and V-type ATP-synthases were detected. Conclusions: The present study provides insights into the potential contribution of P. vulgatus to the gut metabolome and into the strain’s biotechnological potential for sustainable production of short-chain fatty acids and alcohols.
Clinical Benefits of Decreased Photo-Oxidative Stress on Human Embryo Development
Authors: Gödöny Krisztina , Herczeg Róbert , Gyenesei Attila , Várnagy Ákos , Bognár Zoltán , Kovács Gábor L. , Szekeres-Barthó Júlia , Mauchart Péter , Nagy Bernadett , Erostyák János , Kovács Kálmán , Bódis József
Published: January 2024

Objective: Early embryonic development is characterized by rapid cell division and gene activation, making the embryo extremely sensitive to environmental influences. Light exposure can affect embryonic development through a direct toxic effect on the embryo via the generation of reactive oxygen species. In a previous study, we demonstrated the positive effect of improved light-protected embryo culture conditions implemented in our laboratory. This study aimed to investigate the changes in human embryo development under light protection during the conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Materials and Methods: We tested the potential beneficial effect of light filters to reduce the risk of toxic effects of light. IVF outcomes were compared between two experimental conditions, light protection with red light filters versus no light protection as a control. Results: Blastocyst development rate in IVF was significantly higher in the light-protected group than in the group treated under conventional conditions (46.6 vs. 26.7%). In the case of ICSI, we obtained a similar result (44.5 vs. 31.6%). The rate of cryopreservation with at least one embryo was higher in the light-protected phase (32.8%) than in the conventionally manipulated phase (26.8%). The abortion rate was also significantly lower during the light-protected period in IVF, resulting in a higher live birth rate. Conclusions: The implementation of light protection to reduce the embryotoxic wavelengths of light in IVF centers may improve the blastocyst development rate and embryo quality while maintaining embryo safety.
Sketching the investigative trends of research articles on the deployment of English for accounting: a scientometric study
Authors: Firmansyah Irman , Abdullah Fuad
Published: January 2024

This study scientometrically mapped the investigative trends in English for accounting (EA) research articles. The corpus was 181 research articles in EA from 1981 to 2021. They were retrieved from metadata dimensions of various leading journals and analyzed with automated bibliometric analysis. The findings revealed that the investigative themes in EA remain burgeoning for 41 years. The accounting history journal indicated the greatest impact on EA research. The analyzed journals reported a large impact correlating to their development. The most productive author in the EA research was Jones. The typical words frequently emerging in the analyzed research articles were accounting, research, and English. The investigative and developing topics related to EA were relatively dynamic. This study suggests that the scientometric investigative perspective offers a systematic, diachronic, and quantitative outline of English for accounting research by considering its meta-disciplinary knowledge and evolving trends over the years.
Developing and validating the construct maps to assess mathematical proficiencies
Authors: Saikang Tachamaporn , Junpeng Putcharee , Luanganggoon Nuchwana , Chiajunthuk Samruan , Suwannatrai Prapawadee , Marwiang Metta , Tang Keow Ngang , Wilson Mark
Published: January 2024

The study was aimed to develop and validate a measurement test to assess mathematical proficiencies in the numbers and algebra strand. A total of 125 seventh-grade learners with diverse learning abilities from secondary educational institutions under the management of the Khon Kaen Educational Service Area 25, Thailand was chosen as respondents. The researchers employed design-based research consisting of four building blocks to construct a prototype utilizing a construct modeling approach. Firstly, the researchers developed construct maps to identify the learners’ mathematical proficiency (MP) level. This was followed by the creation of the items of measurement test according to the proficiency levels. Next, the researchers allocated scoring measures and formed the conversion of learners’ MP stages. Lastly, the researchers validated the superiority of the measurement test through Wright map consuming the multi-dimensional random coefficient multinomial logit model. The construct maps of the MP level consisted of two dimensions, namely mathematical procedures and structure of learning outcome. Findings discovered that there were 20 items in the assessment tool and its quality passed the determined education and psychological assessment criteria. It can be determined that every item is capable to measure the learners’ multi-dimensional mathematical proficiencies.
The perspectives of visual arts teachers on postmodernism
Authors: Tetikci İsmail , Erim Gonca , Baykan Kevser
Published: January 2024

Postmodernism has evolved in the field of art, and its presence and definition have been the topic of several studies. The overall perspectives of the visual arts teachers on postmodernism are important for incorporating postmodernism issues into the high school curriculum in Turkey, as they are teaching art history and conveying the practice of visual arts. A review of the literature reveals that there are no comparable studies that take visual arts teachers’ perspectives on postmodernism into account. Therefore, this study aims to discover the perspectives of visual arts teachers on postmodernism. This article presents the findings and conclusions of the first research question of the Master’s thesis, titled “examination of the reflections of postmodernism on art education”. The study used a case study design, one of the qualitative research approaches. The sample of the study consisted of four visual arts teachers working in one of the central and three district schools in Yalova, Turkey. In the current research, two semi-structured interview forms and document analysis were utilized as data collection tools. The qualitative data were analyzed by the thematic analysis method. The themes of “teachers’ general perceptions”, “teaching process” and “reflection on students” were identified through the thematic analysis. This article includes a detailed analysis of the theme of “teachers’ general perceptions”. The results of the research identified the artistic and intellectual perspectives of the participating teachers toward postmodernism as outstanding features.
Instrument model to evaluate children-friendly school program at elementary school in Indonesia
Authors: Maisaroh Siti , Hadi Samsul , Andrian Dedek
Published: January 2024

This study aims to develop an instrument to evaluate Indonesia’s children-friendly school program (CFSP). This development research is then used to evaluate CFSP in Indonesia. Instrument development using the context, input, process, product (CIPP) approach and outcome evaluation. The population of this study was all students in the provinces of Riau and Yogyakarta. The research sample is of the students taken randomly from 108 schools that run CFSP. Data analysis used content validity, construct analysis, construct reliability, and descriptive statistics to evaluate the current CFSP. The content validity result shows that only 50 can be used of 56 of the developed items. The construct validity analysis result shows that all indicators obtained from theoretical exploration are valid and reliable. The model fit test shows that the instruments and data obtained from the respondents fit statistically. The results of the evaluation analysis show that the CFSP has been running well, but three indicators are still at a poor level and need to be improved so that the CFSP can run optimally. Indicators needing improvement are the completeness of documents and indicators of student participation, parental participation, community institutions, and the business world. This instrument became the new product to evaluate completely CFSP program because this instrument evaluates not only the process or implementation program but also every process until the program's outcome. Recommendations that need to be considered by stakeholders are to improve CFSP performance so that CFSP can maximally develop student character.
The students’ perceptions of their online learning
Authors: Kesumawati Nila , Fuadiah Nyiayu Fahriza , Utomo Budi
Published: January 2024

This study intends to determine the perceptions of the in-service Teacher profession education program (PPG) students towards Indonesian network learning system (SPADA) hybrid learning. This study employed a survey method with a qualitative approach. Subjects in this study were 82 of 87 PPG Daljab 1 Batch 1 students. The technique of collecting data was through the instruments of questionnaires and interviews. The questionnaire was used to obtain data about the quality of online content and the assessment of online learning that has been carried out. Interviews were conducted to confirm the results of the questionnaire data to see the compatibility between the two data. Data analysis techniques in this study were conducted qualitatively and quantitatively by considering to the research objectives. The results showed that online learning had sharp quality content, can be accepted and well understood, easy to operate and use, overcomes distance and time constraints, and has benefits that are in line with the objectives of PPG implementation.
Rasch model assessment of algebraic word problem among year 8 Malaysian students
Authors: Ting Ku Soh , Talib Othman , Mohd Ayub Ahmad Fauzi , Zolkepli Maslina , Yee Chen Chuei , Hoong Teh Chin
Published: January 2024

Word problems continue to be a challenge for students today. All students must meet the prerequisites for problem solving and reasoning skills, which are important components of the critical thinking component of 21st century skills. This study is being conducted to assess students’ strategies for solving word problems with numbers, consecutives, and ages. The Rasch model is used to analyze the item difficulty level of word problems and students’ strategies for solving ten-word problems at various levels of item difficulty in a similar trait. Then, Pearson correlation analysis is used to investigate the item difficulty level in relation to linguistic, algebraic, and arithmetic factors of word problems before evaluating students’ performance on solving these word problems using various strategies. Rasch model found these algebraic word-problem questions are slightly harder for year 8 Malaysian students in relative to an international standard. Meanwhile, the item difficulty of word problems is driven by linguistic and algebra factors where students can score accurately if the word problems contained explicit information. However, the students encountered difficulties while losing their solution strategy when the questions contained implicit data that demanded critical thinking ability.
Research on mathematical beliefs: systematic literature review
Authors: Muhtarom Muhtarom , Sutrisno Sutrisno , Nizaruddin Nizaruddin , Murtianto Yanuar Hery
Published: January 2024

This study uses the systematic literature review (SLR) method to identify knowledge trends in beliefs about the nature of mathematics, learning mathematics and identify new development opportunities for further research. The Scopus database was used, and 41 documents were found as the primary source for further analysis. The results show that mathematical beliefs have become a current research trend. The number of publications increased significantly starting in 1989, accompanied by many citations. Based on these primary documents, it is known that the development of mathematical beliefs research topics. The foundation of this topic begins with studying the topic of knowledge, activities, and learning mathematics. Then it is developed into other, more varied studies, including teacher’s beliefs transition; mathematical beliefs comparison; mathematics teacher’s belief, teaching, and learning; mathematical beliefs and problem-solving; inquiry-based learning (IBL); affective factors; technology utilization; common misconceptions; and development of mathematics teacher’s beliefs instrument. This research investigates the core of scientific work to provide information to researchers and institutions as material for consideration of research to be carried out.
Epistemological beliefs and teaching practice: a systematic literature review 2011 to 2021
Authors: Aguilar-Valdés Mirko , Almonacid-Fierro Alejandro , Valdebenito Karla , Sepúlveda-Vallejos Sergio
Published: January 2024

Teachers’ actions are grounded on their theoretical and disciplinary knowledge; however, their belief system, and in particular their epistemological beliefs, may be influencing their teaching practices. This study analyzes the scientific production between 2011 and 2021 regarding teachers’ epistemological beliefs and their relationship with teaching practice. The methodological design consists of a systematic literature review, following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines in the Web of Science, Scopus, and ERIC databases. The sample considers 18 articles reviewed by thematic content analysis. The results report that this type of belief has a close relationship with teaching approaches, that there are certain inconsistencies with teaching practice, and that links have been established with other areas of study that enrich reflection. It seems prudent and necessary to observe this relationship from a broad, situated, and complex perspective, avoiding generalizing and polarizing the character of these beliefs, by noting that there are various factors involved between what teachers believe about knowledge and what they do in the classroom.
A systematic review on the formative assessment practice in teaching and learning in secondary school
Authors: Abd Halim Halimah , Hamzah Mohd Isa , Zulkifli Hafizhah
Published: January 2024

Formative assessment is an assessment that is conducted throughout the teaching and learning process. Therefore, teachers should play an important role in mastering the appropriate approaches to practicing formative assessment. According to previous studies, some teachers are unable to comprehend the roles of formative assessment practices in teaching and learning, which prevents them from using them effectively in the classroom. Many researchers have conducted research related to the practice of formative assessment in schools due to this issue. Therefore, this article aims to conduct a systematic literature review (SLR) on past studies related to the practice of formative assessment in teaching and learning in secondary schools. This SLR writing process has been referred to as the Preferred Reporting Items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) writing standard. To find related articles and resources in this systematic literature review, two main databases, namely Web of Science and Scopus, were used. A total of 19 articles were extracted from 366 from 2017 to 2021, with exceptions and inclusion criteria considered. Based on the theme analysis, this SLR has three main themes: assessment diversity; assessment strategies, and student learning development. Thus, this study suggests that all compulsory levels of education understand formative assessment conceptually and its implementation comprehensively. This can be disseminated through teacher professional development training programs. It is hoped that such programs will develop teachers who are committed to integrating the concept and practice of assessment for the benefit of students in twenty-first century education.