bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technical Aspects and Difficulties in the Management of Head and Neck Cutaneous Malignancies in Xeroderma Pigmentosum
Authors: Sibar Serhat , Findikcioglu Kemal , Erdal Ayhan Isik , Barut Ismail , Ozmen Selahattin
Published: July 2016

Background Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by xerosis, ultraviolet light sensitivity, and cutaneous dyspigmentation. Due to defects in their DNA repair mechanism, genetic mutations and carcinogenesis inevitably occurs in almost all patients. In these patients, reconstruction of cutaneous malignancies in the head and neck area is associated with some challenges such as likelihood of recurrence and an aggressive clinical course. The aim of this study is to discuss the therapeutic options and challenges commonly seen during the course of treatment.

Methods Between 2005 and 2015, 11 XP patients with head and neck cutaneous malignancies were included in this study. Demographic data and treatment options of the patients were evaluated.

Results The mean age of the patients was 32 years (range, 10–43) (4 males, 7 females). The most common tumor type and location were squamous cell carcinoma (6 patients) and the orbital region (4 patients), respectively. Free tissue transfer was the most commonly performed surgical intervention (4 patients). The average number of surgical procedures was 5.5 (range, 1–25). Six patients were siblings with each other, 5 patients had local recurrences, and one patient was lost to follow-up.

Conclusions Although genetic components of the disease have been elucidated, there is no definitive treatment algorithm. Early surgical intervention and close follow-up are the gold standard modalities due to the tendency toward rapid tumor growth and possible recurrence. Treatment must be individualized for each patient. In addition, the psychological aspect of the disease is an important issue for both patients and families.
Deep-Plane Lipoabdominoplasty in East Asians
Authors: Kim June-Kyu , Jang Jun-Young , Hong Yoon Gi , Sim Hyung Bo , Sun Sang Hoon
Published: July 2016

Background The objective of this study was to develop a new surgical technique by combining traditional abdominoplasty with liposuction. This combination of operations permits simpler and more accurate management of various abdominal deformities. In lipoabdominoplasty, the combination of techniques is of paramount concern. Herein, we introduce a new combination of liposuction and abdominoplasty using deep-plane flap sliding to maximize the benefits of both techniques.

Methods Deep-plane lipoabdominoplasty was performed in 143 patients between January 2007 and May 2014. We applied extensive liposuction on the entire abdomen followed by a sliding flap through the deep plane after repairing the diastasis recti. The abdominal wound closure was completed with repair of Scarpa's fascia.

Results The average amount of liposuction aspirate was 1,400 mL (700–3,100 mL), and the size of the average excised skin ellipse was 21.78×12.81 cm (from 15×10 to 25×15 cm). There were no major complications such as deep-vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. We encountered 22 cases of minor complications: one wound infection, one case of skin necrosis, two cases of undercorrection, nine hypertrophic scars, and nine seromas. These complications were solved by conservative management or simple revision.

Conclusions The use of deep-plane lipoabdominoplasty can correct abdominal deformities more effectively and with fewer complications than traditional abdominoplasty.
Thromboprophylaxis in Abdominoplasty: Efficacy and Safety of a Complete Perioperative Protocol
Authors: Marangi Giovanni Francesco , Segreto Francesco , Poccia Igor , Campa Stefano , Tosi Daniele , Lamberti Daniela , Persichetti Paolo
Published: July 2016

Background Venous thromboembolism, a spectrum of diseases ranging from deep venous thrombosis to pulmonary embolism, is a major source of morbidity and mortality. The majority of cases described in plastic surgery involve abdominoplasty. Risk assessment and prophylaxis are paramount in such patients. General recommendations were recently developed, but the evidence in the literature was insufficient to prepare exhaustive guidelines regarding the medication, dosage, timing, or length of the prophylaxis.

Methods A thromboprophylaxis protocol was developed for patients undergoing abdominoplasty. The protocol consisted of preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative measures. Enoxaparin was administered as chemoprophylaxis in selected patients. The study involved 253 patients. The patients were analyzed for age, body mass index, enoxaparin dosage, risk factors, and complications.

Results Deep venous thrombosis was documented in two cases (0.8%). No pulmonary embolism occurred. Three patients (1.2%) presented mild subcutaneous abdominal hematoma within the first postoperative week that spontaneously resorbed with neither aesthetic nor functional complications. Two patients (0.8%) presented severe hematoma requiring surgical re-intervention for drainage and hemostasis revision. Statistical analysis showed no significant correlation between enoxaparin dosage and hematoma (P=0.18) or deep venous thrombosis (P=0.61).

Conclusions The described thromboprophylaxis protocol proved to be effective in the prevention of thrombotic events, with an acceptable risk of hemorrhagic complications. Furthermore, it provides new evidence regarding the currently debated variables of chemoprophylaxis, namely type, dosage, timing, and length.
Intraneural Venous Malformations of the Median Nerve
Authors: González Porto Sara Alicia , González Rodríguez Alba , Midón Míguez José
Published: July 2016

Venous malformations arising from the peripheral nerve are a rare type of vascular malformation. We present the first case of an intraneural venous malformation of the median nerve to be reported in a child and review the previous two cases of median nerve compression due to a venous malformation that have been reported. These cases presented with painless masses in the volar aspect of the wrist or with symptoms suggestive of carpal tunnel syndrome. Clinical suspicion should lead to the use of Doppler ultrasonography as the first-line diagnostic tool. Magnetic resonance imaging and histopathology can confirm the diagnosis, as phleboliths are pathognomonic of venous malformations. Surgical treatment appears to be the only modality capable of successfully controlling the growth of an intraneural malformation. Sclerotherapy and radiotherapy have never been used to treat this type of malformation.
Correlation Between Scores on Weekly Quizzes and Performance on the Annual Resident In-Service Examination
Authors: Wagner Benjamin J. , Ashurst John V. , Simunich Thomas , Cooney Robert
Published: July 2016

Context: Medical residency education relies heavily on the use of written and oral testing as a means of assessing a learner’s knowledge acquisition. In the United States, osteopathic emergency medicine residents take an annual specialty-based resident in-service examination (RISE) for this purpose. Their performance on the RISE helps direct educators’ approach to teaching and training.

Objectives: To determine the correlative strength of residents’ cumulative performance on a series of weekly in-house quizzes with their performance on the RISE.

Methods: In this prospective study, emergency medicine residents took a series of 15 quizzes between August 2013 and January 2014. The quizzes were administered using slides integrated with an audience-response system. Quizzes comprised questions gathered from various question banks and commercial test review resources specific to the specialty of emergency medicine. Effort was made to select questions covering topics tested on the RISE. Scores from each of the quizzes were recorded, and these data were analyzed for correlation with residents’ scores on the RISE.

Results: Sixteen emergency medicine residents from all 4 postgraduate years participated in the study. For various reasons (vacation, illness, away rotations), not all 16 residents participated in each quiz. The mean participation rate over all 15 quizzes was 76.7%, with a mean quiz score of 57.8%. A correlation analysis was conducted between the achieved RISE score and the mean quiz score (excluding any quizzes not taken). Graphical analysis revealed a sufficiently linear relationship between the 2 variables, with no outliers. Both variables were normally distributed, as assessed by the Shapiro-Wilks test (P>.05). A strong positive correlation was found between RISE score and mean quiz score (r[14]=0.75; P=.001), with the mean quiz score over the quizzes taken explaining about 57% of the variance in the achieved RISE score.

Conclusions: The results of this study imply that performance on weekly didactic quizzes may be strongly predictive of RISE performance and as such tracking these data may provide insight to educators and learners as to the most effective direction of their educational efforts.
Fabrication of normally-off AlGaN/GaN metal–insulator–semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistors by photo-electrochemical gate recess etching in ionic liquid
Authors: Zhang Zhili , Qin Shuangjiao , Fu Kai , Yu Guohao , Li Weiyi , Zhang Xiaodong , Sun Shichuang , Song Liang , Li Shuiming , Hao Ronghui , Fan Yaming , Sun Qian , Pan Gebo , Cai Yong , Zhang Baoshun
Published: July 2016

We characterized an ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate, C8H15N3O3) as a photo-electrochemical etchant for fabricating normally-off AlGaN/GaN metal–insulator–semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistors (MIS-HEMTs). Using the ionic liquid, we achieved an etching rate of ∼2.9 nm/min, which is sufficiently low to facilitate good etching control. The normally-off AlGaN/GaN MIS-HEMT was fabricated with an etching time of 6 min, with the 20 nm low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) silicon nitride (Si3N4) gate dielectric exhibiting a threshold voltage shift from −10 to 1.2 V, a maximum drain current of more than 426 mA/mm, and a breakdown voltage of 582 V.
Wide-capture-range, high-precision wavelength stabilization within ±50 MHz for flexible-grid wavelength division multiplexing by photomixing technique
Authors: Tsuboi Jun , Kuboki Takeshi , Kato Kazutoshi
Published: July 2016

The lasers for the flexible-grid wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system are required to have high precision of wavelength stability. Previously, we proposed the wavelength-controlling system of the distributed feedback laser diode (DFB-LD) with the photomixing technique and a microwave filter to precisely measure the optical frequency error from the target value. To enlarge the wavelength-capture range, we improve the system to detect the wavelength error with two different microwave filters in parallel. Experimental results show that the wavelength-capture range is extended up to 4 GHz while the wavelength error is still kept within ±50 MHz.
Compound parabolic concentrator design for red, green, blue, and white LED light mixing
Authors: Wei An-Chi , Lo Shih-Chieh , Hung Pei-Fang , Lee Ju-Yi , Yeh Hong-Yih , Huang Hong-Cheng , Li Chia-Ming
Published: July 2016

A light-mixing module consisting of a compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) and a fiber for mixing light from red, green, blue, and white (RGBW) LEDs was proposed. The design principle was investigated and a design prototype was demonstrated in a simulation. The simulated results showed that the chromatic nonuniformity was reduced to 1/10 when the fiber length was 40 times the core width, and the module efficiencies were more than 80% and more than 60% when the fiber lengths were 350 mm and 5 m, respectively. The proposed module is suitable for solar lighting compensation or indoor lighting, such as plant-factory lighting.
Chronic invasive fungal sinusitis: characterization and shift in management of a rare disease
Authors: D'Anza Brian , Stokken Janalee , Greene J. Scott , Kennedy Thomas , Woodard Troy D. , Sindwani Raj
Published: July 2016

Background

Chronic invasive fungal sinusitis (CIFS) is a rare subtype of mycotic diseases involving the paranasal sinuses. It is characterized by a slow onset and invasive organisms with non‐granulomatous inflammation seen on histopathology. Historically, treatment has involved radical surgical resection. The purpose of this study was to describe the presentation, comorbidities, and role of more conservative treatment options.

Methods

This is a multi‐institutional retrospective case series of 6 patients with CIFS over 15 years. Patients’ medical comorbidities, imaging results, operative procedures, pathological findings including organisms identified, antimicrobial medications used, and outcomes were reviewed.

Results

The mean time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 6 months. Cultures and fungal PCR identified Aspergillus species in every case. All 6 patients were found to have systemic comorbidities, with many being diabetic. Imaging findings ranged from thickening of sinus mucosa to invasion of the orbit and skull base. Treatment included long‐term antifungal therapy and conservative endoscopic surgery in all but 1 patient, who had an open approach. Every patient was free of invasive fungal disease at last follow‐up, with a range of 1 to 27 months.

Conclusion

CIFS is an insidious disease often with months between symptom onset and diagnosis. It is differentiated from chronic granulomatous invasive fungal sinusitis (CGIFS) by a lack of granulomas on histopathology and an association with diabetes mellitus. Endoscopic debridement combined with long‐term oral voriconazole was an effective treatment strategy in this series.
KIF5A mutations cause an infantile onset phenotype including severe myoclonus with evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Duis Jessica , Dean Shannon , Applegate Carolyn , Harper Amy , Xiao Rui , He Weimin , Dollar James D. , Sun Lisa R. , Waberski Marta Biderman , Crawford Thomas O. , Hamosh Ada , Stafstrom Carl E.
Published: July 2016

Missense mutations in kinesin family member 5A (KIF5A) cause spastic paraplegia 10. We report on 2 patients with de novo stop‐loss frameshift variants in KIF5A resulting in a novel phenotype that includes severe infantile onset myoclonus, hypotonia, optic nerve abnormalities, dysphagia, apnea, and early developmental arrest. We propose that alteration and elongation of the carboxy‐terminus of the protein has a dominant‐negative effect, causing mitochondrial dysfunction in the setting of an abnormal kinesin “motor.” These results highlight the role of expanded testing and whole‐exome sequencing in critically ill infants and emphasize the importance of accurate test interpretation. Ann Neurol 2016;80:633–637
Video gaming in school children: How much is enough?
Authors: Pujol Jesus , Fenoll Raquel , Forns Joan , Harrison Ben J. , Martínez‐Vilavella Gerard , Macià Dídac , Alvarez‐Pedrerol Mar , Blanco‐Hinojo Laura , González‐Ortiz Sofía , Deus Joan , Sunyer Jordi
Published: July 2016

Objective

Despite extensive debate, the proposed benefits and risks of video gaming in young people remain to be empirically clarified, particularly as regards an optimal level of use.

Methods

In 2,442 children aged 7 to 11 years, we investigated relationships between weekly video game use, selected cognitive abilities, and conduct‐related problems. A large subgroup of these children (n = 260) was further examined with magnetic resonance imaging approximately 1 year later to assess the impact of video gaming on brain structure and function.

Results

Playing video games for 1 hour per week was associated with faster and more consistent psychomotor responses to visual stimulation. Remarkably, no further change in motor speed was identified in children playing >2 hours per week. By comparison, the weekly time spent gaming was steadily associated with conduct problems, peer conflicts, and reduced prosocial abilities. These negative implications were clearly visible only in children at the extreme of our game‐playing distribution, with 9 hours or more of video gaming per week. At a neural level, changes associated with gaming were most evident in basal ganglia white matter and functional connectivity.

Interpretation

Significantly better visuomotor skills can be seen in school children playing video games, even with relatively small amounts of use. Frequent weekly use, by contrast, was associated with conduct problems. Further studies are needed to determine whether moderate video gaming causes improved visuomotor skills and whether excessive video gaming causes conduct problems, or whether children who already have these characteristics simply play more video games. Ann Neurol 2016;80:424–433
Observation of Charge Separation and Space‐Charge Region in Single‐Crystal P3HT/C60 Heterojunction Nanowires
Authors: Park Kyung Sun , Lee Ki Seok , Baek Jangmi , Lee Lynn , Son Byung Hee , Koo Lee Yong‐Eun , Ahn Yeong Hwan , Park Won Il , Kang Youngjong , Sung Myung M.
Published: July 2016

We directly observed charge separation and a space‐charge region in an organic single‐crystal p–n heterojunction nanowire, by means of scanning photocurrent microscopy. The axial p–n heterojunction nanowire had a well‐defined planar junction, consisted of P3HT (p‐type) and C60 (n‐type) single crystals and was fabricated by means of the recently developed inkjet‐assisted nanotransfer printing technique. The depletion region formed at the p–n junction was directly observed by exploring the spatial distribution of photogenerated carriers along the heterojunction nanowire under various applied bias voltages. Our study provides a facile approach toward the precise characterization of charge transport in organic heterojunction systems as well as the design of efficient nanoscale organic optoelectronic devices.
Eine zweiphasige Keramikmembran mit extrem hohem Wasserstoff‐Fluss durch Entmischung einer keramischen Vorstufe
Authors: Cheng Shunfan , Wang Yanjie , Zhuang Libin , Xue Jian , Wei Yanying , Feldhoff Armin , Caro Jürgen , Wang Haihui
Published: July 2016

Ein neues Konzept für die Synthese mehrphasiger Kompositkeramiken, das auf der Entmischung einer gemeinsamen keramischen Vorstufe beruht, wurde entwickelt und auf die Synthese einer zweiphasigen wasserstofftransportierenden Keramikmembran angewendet. Die Vorstufe BaCe0.5Fe0.5O3−δ zerfällt während eines 10‐stündigen Kalzinierens bei 1370 °C paritätisch in zwei thermodynamisch stabile Mischoxide mit Perowskitstruktur: In das Cer‐reiche BaCe0.85Fe0.15O3−δ (BCF8515) zu 50 Mol‐% und in das Eisen‐reiche BaCe0.15Fe0.85O3−δ (BCF1585) zu 50 Mol‐%. Im resultierenden Kompositmaterial übt die orthorhombische Perowskitphase BCF8515 hauptsächlich die Funktion des Protonenleiters aus, die kubische Perowkitphase BCF1585 ist dagegen der hauptsächliche Elektronenleiter. Die zweiphasige keramische Kompositmembran zeigt den extrem hohen Wasserstoff‐Fluss von 0.76 mL min−1 cm−2 bei 950 °C und 1.0 mm Membrandicke. Das Prinzip der Selbstentmischung einer Vorstufe in einen Protonen‐ und einen Elektronenleiter sollte auch auf die Synthese anderer ionen‐ und elektronentransportierender Keramiken anwendbar sein.
Klick‐Reaktion an der Arsen‐Kohlenstoff‐Dreifachbindung: Zugang zu einer neuen Klasse arsenhaltiger Heterocyclen
Authors: Pfeifer Gregor , Papke Martin , Frost Daniel , Sklorz Julian A. W. , Habicht Marija , Müller Christian
Published: July 2016

Arsaalkine gehen regioselektive und quantitative [3+2]‐Cycloadditionen mit organischen Aziden ein und bilden zuvor unbekannte 3H‐1,2,3,4‐Triazaarsolderivate. Das Reaktionsprodukt wurde als weißer, luft‐ und feuchtigkeitsbeständiger Feststoff erhalten und konnte mittels Einkristallröntgenstrukturanalyse eindeutig als planarer, fünfgliedriger, arsenhaltiger Heterocyclus charakterisiert werden. DFT‐Rechnungen gaben Einblick in die elektronische Struktur dieser neuartigen Verbindungen im Vergleich mit Tetrazolen und Triazaphospholen. Die Koordinationschemie in Bezug auf ReI wurde untersucht und mit der des strukturell verwandten Phosphoranalogons verglichen. Diese ersten Untersuchungen ebnen den Weg für eine neue Klasse arsenhaltiger Heterocyclen und schließen die Lücke zu bereits bekannten Azaarsolen.
High‐Throughput Mutational Analysis of a Twister Ribozyme
Authors: Kobori Shungo , Yokobayashi Yohei
Published: July 2016

Recent discoveries of new classes of self‐cleaving ribozymes in diverse organisms have triggered renewed interest in the chemistry and biology of ribozymes. Functional analysis and engineering of ribozymes often involve performing biochemical assays on multiple ribozyme mutants. However, because each ribozyme mutant must be individually prepared and assayed, the number and variety of mutants that can be studied are severely limited. All of the single and double mutants of a twister ribozyme (a total of 10 296 mutants) were generated and assayed for their self‐cleaving activity by exploiting deep sequencing to count the numbers of cleaved and uncleaved sequences for every mutant. Interestingly, we found that the ribozyme is highly robust against mutations such that 71 % and 30 % of all single and double mutants, respectively, retain detectable activity under the assay conditions. It was also observed that the structural elements that comprise the ribozyme exhibit distinct sensitivity to mutations.
Ein Molybdän(0)‐Isocyanid‐Komplex als Ru(2,2′‐Bipyridin)32+‐Analogon: ein starkes Reduktionsmittel für die Photoredoxkatalyse
Authors: Büldt Laura A. , Guo Xingwei , Prescimone Alessandro , Wenger Oliver S.
Published: July 2016

Es wird der erste homoleptische Mo0‐Komplex mit zweizähnigen Isocyanidliganden vorgestellt, der 3MLCT‐Lumineszenz mit Quantenausbeuten und Lebenszeiten vergleichbar zu denen von Ru(bpy)32+ zeigt. Dieser Mo0‐Komplex ist ein sehr starkes Photoreduktionsmittel, was sich mittels zeitaufgelöster Laserspektroskopie am Beispiel der Reduktion von Acetophenon, die mit quasi‐diffusionslimitierter Kinetik abläuft, zeigen ließ. Das Anwendungspotential des Komplexes als Photoredoxkatalysator wurde anhand der Umlagerung eines Acylcyclopropans zu einem 2,3‐Dihydrofuran demonstriert. Diese Reaktion erfordert ein derart negatives Reduktionspotential, dass selbst der stark reduzierende Ir(2‐Phenylpyridin)3‐Photosensibilisator sie nicht katalysieren kann. Folglich legt diese Studie den Grundstein für die Verwendung von chelatisierenden Isocyanidliganden, um Mo0‐Komplexe mit langlebigen angeregten 3MLCT‐Zuständen zugänglich zu machen, die eine ungewöhnlich anspruchsvolle Photoredoxchemie erschließen.
Elemental Bromine Production by TiO2 Photocatalysis and/or Ozonation
Authors: Parrino Francesco , Camera Roda Giovanni , Loddo Vittorio , Palmisano Leonardo
Published: July 2016

Significant production of elemental bromine (Br2) was observed for the first time when treating bromide containing solutions at acidic pH, with TiO2 photocatalyst, ozone, or a combination thereof. Br2 selectivities up to approximately 85 % were obtained and the corresponding bromine mass balance values satisfied. The process is general and may be applied at a laboratory scale for green bromination reactions, or industrially as a cheap, safe, and environmentally sustainable alternative to the currently applied bromine production methods.
Discovery and Total Synthesis of Streptoaminals: Antimicrobial [5,5]‐Spirohemiaminals from the Combined‐Culture of Streptomyces nigrescens and Tsukamurella pulmonis
Authors: Sugiyama Ryosuke , Nishimura Shinichi , Ozaki Taro , Asamizu Shumpei , Onaka Hiroyasu , Kakeya Hideaki
Published: July 2016

A series of lipidic spirohemiaminals, designated streptoaminals, is reported. These were discovered by surveying the unique molecular signatures identified in the mass spectrometry data of the combined‐culture broth of Streptomyces nigrescens HEK616 and Tsukamurella pulmonis TP‐B0596. Mass spectrometry analysis showed that streptoaminals appeared as a cluster of ion peaks, which were separated by 14 mass unit intervals, implying the presence of alkyl chains of different lengths. The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and total synthesis. Streptoaminals with globular structures showed broad antimicrobial activities, whereas the planar structures of the 5‐alkyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinolines found in the same combined‐culture did not. This work shows the application of microbes as reservoirs for a range of chemical scaffolds.
Giant Pressure‐Driven Lattice Collapse Coupled with Intermetallic Bonding and Spin‐State Transition in Manganese Chalcogenides
Authors: Wang Yonggang , Bai Ligang , Wen Ting , Yang Liuxiang , Gou Huiyang , Xiao Yuming , Chow Paul , Pravica Michael , Yang Wenge , Zhao Yusheng
Published: July 2016

Materials with an abrupt volume collapse of more than 20 % during a pressure‐induced phase transition are rarely reported. In such an intriguing phenomenon, the lattice may be coupled with dramatic changes of orbital and/or the spin‐state of the transition metal. A combined in situ crystallography and electron spin‐state study to probe the mechanism of the pressure‐driven lattice collapse in MnS and MnSe is presented. Both materials exhibit a rocksalt‐to‐MnP phase transition under compression with ca. 22 % unit‐cell volume changes, which was found to be coupled with the Mn2+(d5) spin‐state transition from S=5/2 to S=1/2 and the formation of Mn−Mn intermetallic bonds as supported by the metallic transport behavior of their high‐pressure phases. Our results reveal the mutual relationship between pressure‐driven lattice collapse and the orbital/spin‐state of Mn2+ in manganese chalcogenides and also provide deeper insights toward the exploration of new metastable phases with exceptional functionalities.
Enhanced Performance of a Lithium–Sulfur Battery Using a Carbonate‐Based Electrolyte
Authors: Xu Zhixin , Wang Jiulin , Yang Jun , Miao Xiaowei , Chen Renjie , Qian Ji , Miao Rongrong
Published: July 2016

The lithium–sulfur battery is regarded as one of the most promising candidates for lithium–metal batteries with high energy density. However, dendrite Li formation and low cycle efficiency of the Li anode as well as unstable sulfur based cathode still hinder its practical application. Herein a novel electrolyte (1 m LiODFB/EC‐DMC‐FEC) is designed not only to address the above problems of Li anode but also to match sulfur cathode perfectly, leading to extraordinary electrochemical performances. Using this electrolyte, lithium|lithium cells can cycle stably for above 2000 hours and the average Coulumbic efficiency reaches 98.8 %. Moreover, the Li–S battery delivers a reversible capacity of about 1400 mAh g−1sulfur with retention of 89 % for 1100 cycles at 1 C, and a capacity above 1100 mAh g−1sulfur at 10 C. The more advantages of this cell system are its outstanding cycle stability at 60 °C and no self‐discharge phenomena.
Synthesis and X‐ray structural characterization of a bidendate phosphine (dppe) palladium(II) complex and its application in Stille and Suzuki cross‐coupling reactions
Authors: Naghipour Ali , Ghorbani‐Choghamarani Arash , Babaee Heshmatollah , Notash Behrouz
Published: July 2016

The synthesis, characterization, crystal structure and catalyst activity of the bidentate phosphine complex [1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane]palladium(II) bromide, [PdBr2(dppe)], are presented. Treatment of 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane with palladium(II) bromide under mild conditions resulted in the compound in high yield and purity. The characterization of the synthesized compound was performed using spectroscopic methods, such as Fourier transform infrared and NMR, CHN analysis and X‐ray crystallography. The structure of the compound was slightly distorted square planar. This compound was found to work as an efficient catalyst for both Stille and Suzuki cross‐coupling reactions of various aryl halides with triphenyltin chloride and/or phenylboronic acid. Also, the catalyst could be recovered and reused several times without significant loss of its catalytic activity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ocellatin‐PT antimicrobial peptides: High‐resolution microscopy studies in antileishmania models and interactions with mimetic membrane systems
Authors: Oliveira Mayara , Gomes‐Alves Ana Georgina , Sousa Carla , Mirta Marani Mariela , Plácido Alexandra , Vale Nuno , Delerue‐Matos Cristina , Gameiro Paula , Kückelhaus Selma A. S. , Tomas Ana M. , S. A. Leite José Roberto , Eaton Peter
Published: July 2016

Although the mechanism of action of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is not clear, they can interact electrostatically with the cell membranes of microorganisms. New ocellatin‐PT peptides were recently isolated from the skin secretion of Leptodactylus pustulatus. The secondary structure of these AMPs and their effect on Leishmania infantum cells, and on different lipid surface models was characterized in this work. The results showed that all ocellatin‐PT peptides have an α‐helix structure and five of them (PT3, PT4, PT6 to PT8) have leishmanicidal activity; PT1 and PT2 affected the cellular morphology of the parasites and showed greater affinity for leishmania and bacteria‐mimicking lipid membranes than for those of mammals. The results show selectivity of ocellatin‐PTs to the membranes of microorganisms and the applicability of biophysical methods to clarify the interaction of AMPs with cell membranes.
Breast reconstruction after mastectomy
Authors: Rayter Z , Wilson S
Published: July 2016

Multiple options
Bioanalytical assay development and validation for simultaneous quantification of five schisandra lignans in rat primary hepatocytes based on LC‐MS/MS: application to a real‐time uptake study for Schisandra Lignan Extract
Authors: Kang Dian , Shao Yuhao , Yin Xiaoxi , Xiao Jingcheng , Rao Tai , Shen Boyu , Chen Huimin , Zhu Zhangpei , Wang Guangji , Liang Yan
Published: July 2016

Schisandra lignans, mainly including schizandrol A, schizandrol B, schisantherin A, schizandrin A, schizandrin B, etc., are the major active ingredients of Schisandra chinensis. In the present study, a robust liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric (LC‐MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of schisandra lignans in rat primary hepatocytes. Lovastatin was used as an internal standard, and chromatographic separation was achieved on a Shimadzu C18 column with a gradient elution at the flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. All of the analytes were detected in multiple reaction monitoring mode with positive electrospray ionization since the sodium adduct ion [M + Na]+ was observed as the most intensive peak in the MS spectrum. For schizandrol A, schisantherin A and schizandrin A, the dynamic range was within 2–1000 ng/mg protein, and the linear range of schizandrol B and schizandrin B was from 5 to 1000 ng/mg protein. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision was <15% and the accuracy (relative error) ranged from −15 to 15%. No significant variation was observed in the stability tests. The validated method was then successfully applied to the time‐dependent uptake study for the Schisandra Lignan Extract in rat primary hepatocytes.
Development of a validated UPLC–MS/MS method for PK/PD analysis of SYL930 and its two major metabolites in dogs
Authors: Zhao Manman , Mi Jiaqi , Liu Xin , Wang Yan , Wu Xiangmeng , Hu Jinping , Li Yan
Published: July 2016

A sensitive and specific UPLC‐MS/MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of 2‐amino‐2‐(2‐(4′‐(2‐propyloxazol‐4‐yl)‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐yl)ethyl)propane‐1,3‐diol (SYL930), phosphorylated metabolite (SYL930‐P) and hydroxylated metabolite (SYL930‐M) in dog blood using SYL927 and SYL927‐P, analogues of SYL930, as the internal standards. Analytes were extracted with protein precipitation followed by chromatographic separation on a ZorbaxSB‐C18 column (3.5 μm, 2.1 × 100 mm) with a gradient elution of methanol–water containing 0.1% formic acid (v/v). A triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer operating in the positive electrospray ionization mode was used to detect SYL930, SYL930‐P, SYL930‐M and IS transitions of 381.2 → 364.2, 461.2 → 334.2, 397.3 → 380.3, 367.1 → 350.4 and 447.5 → 320.2, respectively. The linear calibration curves for SYL930, SYL930‐P and SYL930‐M were 0.5–500, 0.2–100 and 0.5–100 ng/mL, respectively (r2 > 0.99). The intra‐day and inter‐day precisions (RSD, %) of analytes did not exceed 9.16% except for low QCs (≤16.22%), and the accuracy (RE, %) ranged from −14 to 11.4%. The mean recoveries for SYL930, SYL930‐P and SYL930‐M in dog blood were 85.13–107.94, 73.84–80.08 and 85.64–95.44%, respectively. The validated method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic and PK/PD studies of SYL930 and its two major metabolites in dogs after an oral administration of SYL930.
Controlling the surface‐mediated release of DNA using ‘mixed multilayers’
Authors: Appadoo Visham , Carter Matthew C. D. , Lynn David M.
Published: July 2016

We report the design of erodible ‘mixed multilayer’ coatings fabricated using plasmid DNA and combinations of both hydrolytically degradable and charge‐shifting cationic polymer building blocks. Films fabricated layer‐by‐layer using combinations of a model poly(β‐amino ester) (polymer 1) and a model charge‐shifting polymer (polymer 2) exhibited DNA release profiles that were substantially different than those assembled using DNA and either polymer 1 or polymer 2 alone. In addition, the order in which layers of these two cationic polymers were deposited during assembly had a profound impact on DNA release profiles when these materials were incubated in physiological buffer. Mixed multilayers ∼225 nm thick fabricated by depositing layers of polymer 1/DNA onto films composed of polymer 2/DNA released DNA into solution over ∼60 days, with multi‐phase release profiles intermediate to and exhibiting some general features of polymer 1/DNA or polymer 2/DNA films (e.g., a period of rapid release, followed by a more extended phase). In sharp contrast, ‘inverted’ mixed multilayers fabricated by depositing layers of polymer 2/DNA onto films composed of polymer 1/DNA exhibited release profiles that were almost completely linear over ∼60‐80 days. These and other results are consistent with substantial interdiffusion and commingling (or mixing) among the individual components of these compound materials. Our results reveal this mixing to lead to new, unanticipated, and useful release profiles and provide guidance for the design of polymer‐based coatings for the local, surface‐mediated delivery of DNA from the surfaces of topologically complex interventional devices, such as intravascular stents, with predictable long‐term release profiles.
An atypical case of meconium periorchitis as paratesticular mass in a neonate
Authors: Rekhi Harnam Singh , Mittal Sushil Kumar , Mannem Srinath Reddy , Arora Sahil , Seth Kaushal , Pakkiri Sathya , Singh Ravitej , Gupta Saryu , Mathur Manoj
Published: July 2016

Key Clinical Message

A 20‐day‐old boy was presented with left scrotal swelling, clinically diagnosed as hydrocele. Ultrasonographic findings suggested hydrocele with paratesticular mass. Intraoperatively we found paratesticular mass, separate from left testis. Specimen revealed fibroconnective tissue with mucoid degeneration and focal areas of calcification suggesting meconium periorchitis. It is important to consider meconium periorchitis as one of the etiologies, thereby avoiding unnecessary orchidectomies.
Apatite Formation from Amorphous Calcium Phosphate and Mixed Amorphous Calcium Phosphate/Amorphous Calcium Carbonate
Authors: Ibsen Casper J. S. , Chernyshov Dmitry , Birkedal Henrik
Published: July 2016

Crystallization from amorphous phases is an emerging pathway for making advanced materials. Biology has made use of amorphous precursor phases for eons and used them to produce structures with remarkable properties. Herein, we show how the design of the amorphous phase greatly influences the nanocrystals formed therefrom. We investigate the transformation of mixed amorphous calcium phosphate/amorphous calcium carbonate phases into bone‐like nanocrystalline apatite using in situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy. The speciation of phosphate was controlled by pH to favor HPO42−. In a carbonate free system, the reaction produces anisotropic apatite crystallites with large aspect ratios. The first formed crystallites are highly calcium deficient and hydrogen phosphate rich, consistent with thin octacalcium phosphate (OCP)‐like needles. During growth, the crystallites become increasingly stoichiometric, which indicates that the crystallites grow through addition of near‐stoichiometric apatite to the OCP‐like initial crystals through a process that involves either crystallite fusion/aggregation or Ostwald ripening. The mixed amorphous phases were found to be more stable against phase transformations, hence, the crystallization was inhibited. The resulting crystallites were smaller and less anisotropic. This is rationalized by the idea that a local phosphate‐depletion zone formed around the growing crystal until it was surrounded by amorphous calcium carbonate, which stopped the crystallization.
Characterizing Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Binding to Human Serum Albumin by Spin‐Labeling and EPR Spectroscopy
Authors: Hauenschild Till , Reichenwallner Jörg , Enkelmann Volker , Hinderberger Dariush
Published: July 2016

Drug binding to human serum albumin (HSA) has been characterized by a spin‐labeling and continuous‐wave (CW) EPR spectroscopic approach. Specifically, the contribution of functional groups (FGs) in a compound on its albumin‐binding capabilities is quantitatively described. Molecules from different drug classes are labeled with EPR‐active nitroxide radicals (spin‐labeled pharmaceuticals (SLPs)) and in a screening approach CW‐EPR spectroscopy is used to investigate HSA binding under physiological conditions and at varying ratios of SLP to protein. Spectral simulations of the CW‐EPR spectra allow extraction of association constants (KA) and the maximum number (n) of binding sites per protein. By comparison of data from 23 SLPs, the mechanisms of drug–protein association and the impact of chemical modifications at individual positions on drug uptake can be rationalized. Furthermore, new drug modifications with predictable protein binding tendency may be envisaged.
Highly Emissive Far Red/Near‐IR Fluorophores Based on Borylated Fluorene–Benzothiadiazole Donor–Acceptor Materials
Authors: Crossley Daniel L. , Vitorica‐Yrezabal Inigo , Humphries Martin J. , Turner Michael L. , Ingleson Michael J.
Published: July 2016

Stille, Suzuki–Miyaura and Negishi cross‐coupling reactions of bromine‐functionalised borylated precursors enable the facile, high yielding, synthesis of borylated donor–acceptor materials that contain electron‐rich aromatic units and/or extended effective conjugation lengths. These materials have large Stokes shifts, low LUMO energies, small band‐gaps and significant fluorescence emission >700 nm in solution and when dispersed in a host polymer.
Enantioselective and Regiodivergent Functionalization of N‐Allylcarbamates by Mechanistically Divergent Multicatalysis
Authors: Richmond Edward , Khan Ismat Ullah , Moran Joseph
Published: July 2016

A pair of mechanistically divergent multicatalytic reaction sequences has been developed consisting of nickel‐catalyzed isomerization of N‐allylcarbamates and subsequent phosphoric‐acid‐catalyzed enantioselective functionalization of the resulting intermediates. By appropriate selection of reaction partners, in situ generated imines and ene‐carbamates are mechanistically partitioned to yield opposing functionalized products. Formal α‐functionalization to give protected α‐arylamines is achieved upon enantioselective Friedel–Crafts reaction with arene nucleophiles, whereas formal β‐functionalization is achieved upon reaction with diarylimine electrophiles in an enantioselective Povarov‐[4+2] cycloaddition.
C−H Acetoxylation‐Based Chemical Synthesis of 17 β‐Hydroxymethyl‐17 α‐methyl‐18‐norandrost‐13‐ene Steroids
Authors: Hurski Alaksiej L. , Barysevich Maryia V. , Dalidovich Tatsiana S. , Iskryk Marharyta V. , Kolasava Nastassia U. , Zhabinskii Vladimir N. , Khripach Vladimir A.
Published: July 2016

Palladium‐catalyzed C−H acetoxylation has been proposed as a key transformation in the first chemical synthesis of steroids bearing a unique 17β‐hydroxymethyl‐17α‐methyl‐18‐nor‐13‐ene D‐fragment. This C−H functionalization step was crucial for inverting the configuration at the quaternary stereocenter of a readily available synthetic intermediate. The developed approach was applied to prepare the metandienone metabolite needed as a reference substance in anti‐doping analysis to control the abuse of this androgenic anabolic steroid.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structures and Hydrogenation Properties of Palladium‐Rich Compounds with Elements from Groups 12—16.
Authors: Goetze Andre , Sander Jonas Michael , Kohlmann Holger
Published: July 2016

Crystal structures based on powder XRD and hydrogenation properties of 24 Pd‐rich intermetallics are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanical Properties, Quantum Mechanical Calculations, and Crystallographic/Spectroscopic Characterization of GaNbO4, Ga(Ta,Nb)O4, and GaTaO4.
Authors: Perfler Lukas , Kahlenberg Volker , Toebbens Daniel , Schaur Andreas , Tribus Martina , Orlova Maria , Kaindl Reinhard
Published: July 2016

The title compounds are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of Ga2O3, Nb2O5, and Ta2O5 (Pt crucible, 1523—1698 K, 15—70 h).
ChemInform Abstract: A Second Polymorph of Sodium Dihydrogen Citrate, NaH2C6H5O7: Structure Solution from Powder Diffraction Data and DFT Comparison.
Authors: Rammohan Alagappa , Kaduk James A.
Published: July 2016

The crystal structure of the title compound is determined by powder XRD and DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: On New Ternary Equiatomic Scandium Transition Metal Aluminum Compounds ScTAl with T: Cr, Ru, Ag, Re, Pt, and Au.
Authors: Radzieowski Mathis , Benndorf Christopher , Haverkamp Sandra , Eckert Hellmut , Janka Oliver
Published: July 2016

The title aluminides are obtained by repeated arc‐melting of the elements in stoichiometric quantities followed by annealing (evacuated quartz tubes, 800 °C, 7 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Submillisecond Organic Synthesis: Outpacing Fries Rearrangement Through Microfluidic Rapid Mixing.
Authors: Kim Heejin , Min Kyoung‐Ik , Inoue Keita , Im Do Jin , Kim Dong‐Pyo , Yoshida Jun‐ichi
Published: July 2016

A microfluidic technique that outpaces the very rapid anionic Fries rearrangement to chemoselectively functionalize iodophenyl carbamates at the ortho position is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(II)‐Catalyzed Skeletal Rearrangement of Ether Tethered N‐Sulfonyl 1,2,3‐Triazoles: A Rapid Approach to 2‐Aminoindanone and Dihydroisoquinoline Derivatives.
Authors: Yu Yinghua , Zhu Lei , Liao Yun , Mao Zhifeng , Huang Xueliang
Published: July 2016

The scalable procedure provides a separable mixture of 2‐aminoindanone and dihydroisoquinoline derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of N‐Heteroaromatic Trifluoromethoxy Compounds by Direct O—CF3 Bond Formation.
Authors: Liang Apeng , Han Shuaijun , Liu Zhenwei , Wang Liang , Li Jingya , Zou Dapeng , Wu Yangjie , Wu Yusheng
Published: July 2016

This approach enables the unprecedented syntheses of a wide range of five‐or six‐membered N‐heteroaromatic trifluoromethoxy compounds containing one or two heteroatoms from most commonly used hydroxylated N‐heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Active System for the Metal‐Free Aerobic Photocyanation of Tertiary Amines with Visible Light: Application to the Synthesis of Tetraponerines and Crispine A.
Authors: Orejarena Pacheco Julio Cesar , Lipp Alexander , Nauth Alexander M. , Acke Fabian , Dietz Jule‐Philipp , Opatz Till
Published: July 2016

The use of air as the terminal oxidant offers an improved safety profile as compared to reactions using pure oxygen.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligand‐Enabled C(sp3)—H Arylation of Piperidine and Tetrahydropyran Derivatives.
Authors: Ye Shengqing , Yang Weibo , Coon Timothy , Fanning Dewey , Neubert Tim , Stamos Dean , Yu Jin‐Quan
Published: July 2016

The use of NHC ligands (NAD) and (NTB) renders possible the regio‐ and stereoselective arylation of piperidine (I) and related heterocycles with aryl iodides.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Ni‐Catalyzed Aryl—Alkyl Cross‐Coupling of Secondary Redox‐Active Esters.
Authors: Cornella Josep , Edwards Jacob T. , Qin Tian , Kawamura Shuhei , Wang Jie , Pan Chung‐Mao , Gianatassio Ryan , Schmidt Michael , Eastgate Martin D. , Baran Phil S.
Published: July 2016

Simple alkyl carboxylic acids are coupled with aryl zinc reagents under Ni‐catalysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric, Three‐Component, One‐Pot Synthesis of Spiropyrazolones and 2,5‐Chromenediones from Aldol Condensation/NHC‐Catalyzed Annulation Reactions.
Authors: Wang Lei , Li Sun , Chauhan Pankaj , Hack Daniel , Philipps Arne R. , Puttreddy Rakesh , Rissanen Kari , Raabe Gerhard , Enders Dieter
Published: July 2016

This one‐pot, three‐component diastereo‐ and enantioselective synthesis of spiropyrazolones involves the aldol condensation of an enal to generate α,β‐unsaturated pyrazolones, which react with a second equivalent of enal through an N‐heterocyclic carbene‐catalyzed [3+2]annulation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N,N,O‐Trisubstituted Hydroxylamines by Stepwise Reduction and Substitution of O‐Acyl N,N‐Disubstituted Hydroxylamines.
Authors: Dhanju Sandeep , Crich David
Published: July 2016

An efficient sequence for preparation of the title compounds, a hitherto under‐represented class of compounds, from readily available starting materials is designed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convergent Synthesis of Enantiopure Open‐Chain, Cyclic, and Fluorinated α‐Amino Acids.
Authors: Li Shi‐Guang , Portela‐Cubillo Fernando , Zard Samir Z.
Published: July 2016

This synthesis is based on an intermolecular radical addition strategy which initially furnishes precursors of mercapto amino acids, key substrates in native ligation technology.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Monoacylation of Sulfonimidamides
Authors: Chen Yantao
Published: July 2016

using a 1:1 premixed mixture of (hetero)aromatic and aliphatic acyl chlorides and pyridazine as acylating agent under mild reaction conditions
ChemInform Abstract: Picolyl Functionalized Chelating N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Palladium Complexes: Synthesis and Catalytic Activity Towards Suzuki Cross‐Coupling in Water.
Authors: Yang Liangru , Zhang Wenjun , Xiao Yongmei , Mao Pu
Published: July 2016

The title NHC‐catalyst efficiently catalyzes the Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction in water in the presence of K3PO4 as base.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1‐Aryltetralins and 1‐Arylnaphthalenes via [4 + 2] Annulation of β‐Ketosulfones with Styryl Bromides.
Authors: Chang Meng‐Yang , Cheng Yu‐Chieh
Published: July 2016

A novel method for the preparation of 1‐aryltetralins (IV) and 1‐arylnaphthalenes (VIII) by stereocontrolled NaBH4‐mediated reduction of γ‐alkenones and a subsequent intramolecular annulation of intermediate γ‐alkenols are elaborated.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Remote ortho‐C—H Alkenylation of Alkyl Aryl Sulfones: Access to Densely Functionalized Indane Derivatives.
Authors: Legarda Pablo D. , Garcia‐Rubia Alfonso , Gomez Arrayas Ramon , Carretero Juan C.
Published: July 2016

A highly regio‐ and monoselective alkenylation of functionalized benzyl or phenylethyl 2‐pyridyl sulfones with 1‐substituted or 1,2‐disubstituted electron‐deficient alkenes is elaborated.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed α‐Selective C—H Functionalization of Olefins: En route to 4‐Imino‐β‐lactams.
Authors: Kong Wei‐Jun , Liu Yue‐Jin , Xu Hui , Chen Yan‐Qiao , Dai Hui‐Xiong , Yu Jin‐Quan
Published: July 2016

The title lactam derivatives are readily prepared with excellent cis‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Direct Synthesis of α‐Methylene‐ and α‐Alkylidene‐β‐lactams.
Authors: Hussein Marwa , Nasr El Dine Assaad , Fares Fares , Dorcet Vincent , Hachem Ali , Gree Rene
Published: July 2016

The application of the Kinugasa reaction to alkynes bearing a nucleofuge in propargylic position gives a very direct entry to α‐methylene‐ and α‐alkylidene‐β‐lactams.