bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Element-wise and recursive solutions for the power spectral density of biological stochastic dynamical systems at fixed points
Authors: Rawat Shivang , Martiniani Stefano
Published: November 2024

Stochasticity plays a central role in nearly every biological process, and the noise power spectral density (PSD) is a critical tool for understanding variability and information processing in living systems. In steady state, many such processes can be described by stochastic linear time-invariant (LTI) systems driven by Gaussian white noise, whose PSD is a complex rational function of the frequency that can be concisely expressed in terms of their Jacobian, dispersion, and diffusion matrices, fully defining the statistical properties of the system's dynamics at steady state. Here, we arrive at compact, element-wise solutions of the rational function coefficients for the auto- and cross-spectrum that enable the explicit analytical computation of the PSD in dimensions n=2,3,4. We further present a recursive Leverrier-Faddeev-type algorithm for the exact computation of the rational function coefficients. Crucially, both solutions are free of matrix inverses. We illustrate our element-wise and recursive solutions by considering the stochastic dynamics of neural systems models, namely, FitzHugh-Nagumo (n=2), Hindmarsh-Rose (n=3), Wilson-Cowan (n=4), and the stabilized supralinear network (n=22), as well as an evolutionary game-theoretic model with mutations (n=5,31). We extend our approach to derive a recursive method for calculating the coefficients in the power-series expansion of the integrated covariance matrix for interacting spiking neurons modeled as Hawkes processes on arbitrary directed graphs.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Enhancing Dispersive Readout of Superconducting Qubits through Dynamic Control of the Dispersive Shift: Experiment and Theory
Authors: Swiadek François , Shillito Ross , Magnard Paul , Remm Ants , Hellings Christoph , Lacroix Nathan , Ficheux Quentin , Zanuz Dante Colao , Norris Graham J. , Blais Alexandre , Krinner Sebastian , Wallraff Andreas
Published: November 2024

The performance of a wide range of quantum computing algorithms and protocols depends critically on the fidelity and speed of the employed qubit readout. Examples include gate sequences benefiting from midcircuit real-time measurement-based feedback, such as qubit initialization, entanglement generation, teleportation, and, perhaps most importantly, quantum error correction. A prominent and widely used readout approach is based on the dispersive interaction of a superconducting qubit strongly coupled to a large-bandwidth readout resonator, frequently combined with a dedicated or shared Purcell filter protecting qubits from decay. By dynamically reducing the qubit-resonator detuning and thus increasing the dispersive shift, we demonstrate a beyond-state-of-the-art two-state-readout error of only 0.25% in 100-ns integration time. Maintaining low-readout-drive strength, we nearly quadruple the signal-to-noise ratio of the readout by doubling the readout-mode line width, which we quantify by considering the hybridization of the readout resonator and its dedicated Purcell filter. We find excellent agreement between our experimental data and our theoretical model. The presented results are expected to further boost the performance of new and existing algorithms and protocols critically depending on high-fidelity fast midcircuit measurements.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Diprotonation of taurine: 2-[dihydroxy(oxo)sulfanyliumyl]ethanaminium bis[hexafluoroarsenate(V)]
Authors: Bockmair Valentin , Klöck Andreas , Hollenwäger Dirk , Kornath Andreas J.
Published: November 2024

Taurine is part of the cysteine cycle and is one of the few naturally occuring organosulfur-based molecules in the human body. As implied by modern studies, protonated taurine is of biological impact. The first attempts to isolate its protonated species in the binary superacidic system HF/SbF5 were performed by Hopfinger, resulting in the isolation of monoprotonated taurine. Since the chosen conditions seemed rather harsh, investigations in less acidic systems were performed at room temperature to explore the involved protonated species. Herein, we present the structure of 2-[dihydroxy(oxo)sulfanyliumyl]ethanaminium bis[hexafluoridoarsenate(V)], [H2O3SC2H4NH3][AsF6]2, the diprotonated form of 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (taurine). It was synthesized in the binary superacidic system HF/AsF5 and crystallizes as colourless needles. Diprotonated taurine was structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, low-temperature vibrational spectroscopy and NMR spectroscopy.
What drives green banking operations in Bangladesh? Findings from PLS-SEM and BSEM
Authors: Rahman Md. Shahinur , Moral Iqbal Hossain , Akther Samia , Hossain Gazi Md. Shakhawat , Islam Waheda
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Environmental threats are becoming severe in developing and undeveloped countries. It urges to know how green banking operations can foster sustainable development in these regions. This study aims to provide empirical evidence of the determinants of green banking operations in Bangladesh.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the socially responsible investing (SRI) theory, this study examined the hypothesized relationships using a partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach. The Bayesian SEM (BSEM) through a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach was also used to validate the study's first-order model.

Findings

The findings show that sustainable innovativeness, green investment and green banking policy substantially and positively change green banking operations. Notably, green investment is the most influential predictor of green banking operations, driving banks to establish sustainable economic systems within the country.

Practical implications

The findings offer valuable guidance for scholars, financial institutions, policymakers and bank managers to develop and implement effective strategies for green banking operations. These strategies may significantly contribute to achieving the sustainable development goals (SDGs) in Bangladesh.

Originality/value

This study is ground-breaking in associating sustainable innovativeness and green banking operations from a developing country. It enriches our understanding of green banking, aligning with existing literature. Additionally, PLS-SEM and BSEM provide strong validation of the proposed theoretical model.
From killer bunnies to talking cupcakes: theorizing the diverse universe of virtual influencers
Authors: Gambetti Rossella C. , Kozinets Robert V.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to expand understanding of the diversity of virtual influencer forms by investigating their nonhuman-like, animal and graphic or cartoon variations.

Design/methodology/approach

A three-year multisite longitudinal netnography studied 174 virtual influencers and spanned ten social media platforms. Typological categories were constructed from the data set, focusing on 14 influencers located across quadrants. In-depth findings were then developed for eight illustrative cases.

Findings

Findings deepen the knowledge of the virtual influencer sphere by highlighting diversity in human-like, nonhuman-like, imaginative and realistic forms. The authors postulate four types of virtual influencers: hyper-human, antihuman, pan-human and alter-human. These forms are linked to specific personalities and communication styles, addressing various consumer needs. Imaginatively represented virtual influencers may prompt audiences to reevaluate beliefs, values and behaviors. These findings challenge prior work’s focus on attractive, hyperreal and human-like virtual influencers, encouraging consideration of divergent types engaged in novel meaning-shaping activities and targeting different segments.

Research limitations/implications

This research paves the way for consumer and marketing researchers and practitioners to broaden their representations of virtual influencers beyond the human-like, beyond the commercial and into new worlds of fantasy, imagination and posthuman possibility.

Practical implications

Different types of virtual influencers speak to diverse audiences and convey marketing messages in subtly different ways. Some forms of virtual influencers fit into roles like defiant voices, oppositional characters, activists, educators, entertainers and change leaders. As the universe of virtual influencers diversifies, this research opens new avenues of marketing for brands.

Originality/value

This study pioneers comprehensive qualitative research across the universe of virtual influencers and their communities, exploring links to popular culture. It offers connections between virtual influencer forms and communication strategies for marketers.
Can cuteness soften my anxiety? The impact of conversational styles of service robots on consumer service acceptance
Authors: Yan Juanjuan , Luo Biao , Zhang Tanruiling
Published: November 2024

Purpose

As artificial intelligence technology empowers service robots, they increasingly communicate with consumers in a human-like manner. This study aims to investigate the effect of service robots’ different conversational styles (competent conversational style vs. cute conversational style) on consumer service acceptance and demonstrate the moderating role of consumers’ technology anxiety.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on anthropomorphism theory and social presence theory, the authors conducted two scenario-based experiments (restaurant scenario and hotel scenario) to investigate this issue.

Findings

The results indicate that service robots’ conversational styles impact consumers’ willingness to accept the use of service robots through perceived social presence and positive emotion. Moreover, consumers perceived social presence and positive emotion play a serial mechanism. In addition, the effect of competent conversational style on consumers perceived social presence is less effective than that of cute conversational style. Finally, the authors demonstrate the moderating role of consumer technology anxiety in the relationship between conversational styles and perceived social presence.

Practical implications

To provide consumers with a positive human–robot interaction experience at the service front line, managers need to make better use of the conversational styles of service robots by comprehensively considering the characteristics of consumer technology anxiety.

Originality/value

This research extends the literature on service robots by integrating consumer characteristics and robots’ conversational styles. These findings highlight the effectiveness of cute conversational style in alleviating consumer technology anxiety.
Teaching the “10 Rs” of circular economy in technological-level undergraduate courses offered in Brazil: an exploratory analysis via fuzzy TOPSIS class
Authors: Favaro Ricardo , Moraes Gustavo Hermínio Salati Marcondes de , Sigahi Tiago F.A.C. , Pinto Jefferson de Souza , Rampasso Izabela Simon , Moro Suzana Regina , Anholon Rosley
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to provide an analysis of teaching the “10 Rs” – Refuse, Rethink, Reduce, Reuse, Repair, Remodel, Remanufacture, Reuse, Recycle and Recover energy, in technological-level undergraduate courses offered in Brazil. Technological undergraduate courses are more dynamic and pragmatic than bachelor’s degrees and aim to meet market demand.

Design/methodology/approach

The study collected data from 39 educators who know the reality of technological-level undergraduate courses in Brazil. The data were analyzed using the fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution class technique.

Findings

The main findings of the research show potential for improvement in teaching all the “Rs” analyzed when considering technological-level undergraduate courses. Refuse, Restore and Recover energy are the most critical when considering how they should be taught in undergraduate technology courses in Brazil.

Originality/value

The paper’s originality lies in a unique empirical analysis of the circular economy – which is increasingly emerging as an intriguing approach to seeking sustainability in production chains – and the new generation of professionals in technological undergraduate courses who need to be educated and aligned with these concepts. The results can improve the curriculum, syllabus, course objectives and learning outcomes, upgrading the courses’ pedagogical projects.
Empowering voices: unveiling the dynamics of women's NGOs and state relations in Turkey
Authors: Ertan Senem , Yol Fatma , Aykac Rojda , Savas Gokhan
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the gender perceptions of members within women’s NGOs in Türkiye, highlighting the persistence of patriarchal values despite the rise in these organizations. The study provides insights into the influence of socio-political factors and demographic variables on gender attitudes within these organizations.

Design/methodology/approach

The research utilized a survey conducted among 735 members of women’s NGOs in Istanbul and Ankara, gathering quantitative data on their attitudes toward gender inequality. The study employs a gender inequality index, supplemented with demographic and personal factors like age, marital status, education, political ideology and religiosity.

Findings

Findings reveal that members of women’s NGOs often exhibit gender-inequitable attitudes, influenced by factors such as age, religiosity, political ideology and education. Contrary to expectations, these NGOs do not uniformly promote feminist values, and gender inequity is deeply entrenched within the organizational culture.

Research limitations/implications

The study is limited by its focus on two major cities, which may not reflect the experiences of NGO members in other regions of Türkiye. The findings underscore the necessity to address structural constraints within women’s NGOs to promote genuine gender equality.

Practical Implications

This research suggests the need for critical awareness and capacity-building within women’s NGOs in Türkiye. Policymakers and organizational leaders can use these insights to develop targeted interventions that enhance gender consciousness and challenge patriarchal norms in civil society.

Originality/value

This study provides a novel exploration of gender attitudes within women’s NGOs in Türkiye, challenging the assumption that such organizations inherently promote feminist ideals. By combining empirical data with a socio-political analysis, the research reveals how entrenched patriarchal values persist within organizations that advocate for gender equality. This work contributes to understanding the complexities and contradictions in civil society’s role in gender politics, offering valuable insights for scholars and practitioners interested in gender, civil society and socio-political dynamics in Türkiye.
Metaverse-supply chain and halal behavior: bibliometric analysis, framework and implications
Authors: Fernando Yudi , Eing Gaik Chin , Wahyuni-TD Ika Sari
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to review how the metaverse influences and contributes to the halal industry, particularly focusing on halal logistics (HL), halal supply chain management (HSCM) and consumer behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper analyzed scholarly studies to investigate existing literature and current as well as future trends in the adoption of the metaverse in HL, supply chains and consumer behavior. The study explores the thematic structure of the current knowledge landscape, identifies research gaps and highlights potential directions for future research at the intersection of the metaverse, supply chain and halal behavior. The authors identified 286 papers that examined the integration of the metaverse with HL practices, supply chain management strategies and consumer behavior in alignment with Islamic principles and standards.

Findings

The results indicate a limited number of studies on the successful adoption of the metaverse in HL, HSCM and behavioral research. This paper has proposed a framework for the metaverse-supply chain and halal behavior. The framework can serve as a reference for scholars and practitioners on how to incorporate advanced technology to engage with and predict market demand. Additionally, the metaverse-supply chain framework can be used to align with halal supply chain practices based on customer needs and preferences. The metaverse integrates the virtual world, enabling halal supply chain networks to enhance virtual reality, digital experiences and business performance.

Practical implications

The halal industry can showcase products and services through virtual scenarios, avatars and shops. By developing a halal-compliant metaverse, the halal industry can facilitate activities such as online sales, online payments and virtual marketing, thereby enabling a digital business transformation. Embracing the metaverse can improve business efficiency and influence consumer behavior, decisions and compliance with Shariah principles.

Originality/value

The authors argue that this paper is at the forefront and will serve as a reference for future research. This paper is distinct from existing literature, as it focuses on metaverse adoption and its correlation with a Shariah compliance framework in logistics, supply chain and behavioral aspects. Through its findings, this framework aims to inspire further empirical research and provide guidance and solutions to foster sustainable development in the halal industry.
Investigation of Sutterby fluid flow through elliptic multi-stenosed artery: analytical solutions of blood flow problem
Authors: Awan Aziz Ullah , Shahzad Muhammad Hasnain , Nadeem Sohail , Hamam Haneen , Ahammad N. Ameer , Arshad Aleeza
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The presence and progression of stenosis disturb the normal circulation of blood through an artery and cause serious consequences. The proposed investigation is aimed to assess non-Newtonian characteristics of blood in an elliptical artery having stenosis. The blood is taken as Sutterby fluid flowing via a multi-stenosed elliptical cross-section artery.

Design/methodology/approach

The analytical solution of a mathematical model representing the considered problem is extracted in a non-dimensional form by utilizing the perturbation technique under the mild stenosis assumptions.

Findings

The graphical nature of these results is examined and discussed comprehensively for different physical parameters. The height and shape of stenosis are noted to have prominent effects on flow velocity. The wall shear stress and flow velocity attained high values in the stenotic portion of the artery. The non-uniform stenosis is observed to create higher resistance to the flow than the uniform stenosis. Further, a high disorder is noticed in the constricted region of the artery by streamlines analysis.

Research limitations/implications

The manuscript completely comprehends the blood’s non-Newtonian flow in the arteries of elliptical shape having multiple stenoses. The present study is about the properties of non-Newtonian blood flow through an elliptical artery with many stenoses. The Sutterby fluid model is used to describe the blood’s non-Newtonian nature. By utilizing presumptions of mild stenosis, the mathematical model’s non-linearity is decreased, and the perturbation method is applied to generate the resulting equations.

Practical implications

The presence of stenosis can significantly impact the circulation of blood flow. When an artery becomes narrowed, it can create a constriction or obstruction in the flow path of blood, which can lead to several important fluid dynamics phenomena, i.e. increased velocity, shear stress, pressure drop, etc. The presence of stenosis can cause various damages and complications in the affected blood arteries and surrounding tissues, resulting in heart attacks or diseases like atherosclerosis.

Originality/value

The work presented in the manuscript was not published earlier in any form.
Impact of competitive intelligence on firm sustainable competitiveness and performance: strategic design collaboration’s mediating role
Authors: Ibrahim Alyaa Adel , Ahmad Syed Zamberi , Abu Bakar Abdul Rahim
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the direct and indirect impact of competitive intelligence (CI) practices on sustainable competitiveness (SC) and firm performance (FP) mediated by strategic design collaboration (SDC).

Design/methodology/approach

This empirical study is based on a survey of 179 respondents comprising senior managers from pharmaceutical companies operating in Egypt across three sectors: public, private and multinational corporations (MNCs).

Findings

The results show that CI has a positive and significant impact on SDC, which, in turn, positively impacts SC and FP. The study also shows that SDC mediates the relationship between CI and both SC and FP.

Originality/value

This study sheds light on the significant and mediating role of SDC in explaining the relationship between CI and both SC and FP.
Motivation, attitudes, and beliefs of public vs. private early childhood education teachers in Kosovo toward science and continuing education
Authors: Hyseni Duraku Zamira , Hoxha Linda , Krasniqi Besjanë
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the factors influencing early education teachers’ motivation, attitudes and beliefs toward science and continuing education. It also explores perceptions of parental involvement and cooperation among public and private institutions in Kosovo.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopted a quantitative and cross-sectional design. Study variables were assessed using questionnaires with validated measures administered to 460 early education teachers from both public and private institutions.

Findings

Education teachers in the public sector had higher professional development, work experience and salaries, while private school teachers had higher education levels and worked with fewer children per class and more teachers per class. Public school teachers displayed better attitudes toward science and greater parental involvement. Attitudes toward science positively correlated with salary in both sectors. In the public sector, work motivation was correlated with experience, while in both sectors, it was linked to salary. Attitudes toward science were predicted by parental cooperation, teachers’ attitudes toward continuing education and work motivation.

Originality/value

This study provides insights into the distinct challenges and opportunities of integrating science into the curriculum in public and private early education institutions. The study emphasizes assessing needs and designing tailored, data-driven strategies to address barriers and leverage opportunities to improve teacher attitudes and parental engagement, ultimately strengthening science education and improving the quality of early education.
Long‐term multi‐species demographic studies reveal divergent negative impacts of winter storms on seabird survival
Authors: Laurenson Kirsty , Wood Matt J. , Birkhead Tim R. , Priestley Matthew D. K. , Sherley Richard B. , Fayet Annette L. , Guilford Tim , Hatchwell Ben J. , Votier Stephen C.
Published: November 2024

Understanding storm impacts on marine vertebrate demography requires detailed meteorological data in tandem with long‐term population monitoring. Yet most studies use storm proxies such as the North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAOI), potentially obfuscating a mechanistic understanding of current and future risk.

Here, we investigate the impact of extratropical cyclones by extracting north Atlantic winter storm characteristics (storm number, intensity, clustering and wave conditions) and relating these with long‐term overwinter adult survival of three long‐lived sympatric seabirds which winter at sea—common guillemot Uria aalge, Atlantic puffin Fratercula arctica and razorbill Alca torda.

We used multidecadal mark‐recapture analysis (1970s–2020s) to estimate survival while correcting for resighting probability, combined with spatially explicit environmental data from geolocation‐derived wintering areas, to determine the impact of different storm characteristics (i.e., number, intensity, duration, gap between storms, wave height and wind speed), as well as broad‐scale climatic conditions (NAOI and sea surface temperature [SST]).

All three species experienced rapid population growth over the study period. Guillemot and razorbill survival was lower during stormier winters, with an additive effect of summer SST for guillemots, and a negative interaction with population size for razorbills. Puffin survival was negatively correlated with winter SST, and the lowest puffin survival coincided with intense winter storms and a large seabird wreck in 2013/14. The number of days with wind speed >30 and 35 ms−1 negatively impacted razorbill and guillemot survival, respectively, and puffin survival was higher when gaps between storms were longer.

Our results suggest negative but divergent storm impacts on these closely related sympatric breeders, which may be compounded by warmer seas and density‐dependence as these populations return to their previously much larger sizes. We tentatively suggest that frequent, long‐lasting storms with strong winds are likely to have the greatest negative impact on auk survival. Moreover, we highlight the possibility of tipping points, where only the most extreme storms, that may become more frequent in the future, have measurable impacts on seabird survival, and no effect of NAOI.
Raising the stakes: How progressive tax rates affect risk‐taking by pass‐through businesses
Authors: Ferguson Duke , Krupa Trent J. , Laux Rick C.
Published: November 2024

We examine how progressive individual tax rates affect risk‐taking by pass‐through businesses (PTBs). PTBs generate over 60% of US business income and make up roughly 95% of business tax returns, yet there is limited research on how progressive tax rates affect project selection. We study PTBs using the setting of thoroughbred racing and examine how progressive tax rates affect the decision to enter a risky stakes race or a less risky allowance race. This setting provides a unique opportunity to observe the choice between two mutually exclusive projects that differ only in expected payoffs and risk. Using a difference‐in‐differences design surrounding the reduction in progressivity under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, we find that investment in stakes races increases in the United States relative to Canada. We find further evidence of a negative relation between progressive tax rates and risk‐taking using a plausibly exogenous shock in progressivity in California and exploiting cross‐sectional variation in the progressivity of state tax rates. Overall, our findings should be of interest to policy‐makers considering changes to progressive rates. Results indicate that increases to progressive tax rates may discourage risk‐taking by the small businesses that drive economic growth.
Adaptive dosing of high‐dose busulfan in real‐world adult patients undergoing haematopoietic cell transplant conditioning
Authors: Protzenko Dorian , Bouchacourt Benjamin , Carriat Laure , Maroselli Paul , Boéri Clara , Devillier Raynier , Ciccolini Joseph
Published: November 2024

Aim

To evaluate the effectiveness of a Bayesian adaptive dosing strategy in achieving target busulfan exposure in adult patients undergoing haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT).

Methods

This study included 71 adult patients scheduled to receive high‐dose busulfan. Busulfan was administered to achieve a cumulative area under the curve (AUC) of 66.0 mg/L/h (16 000 μM/min), 82.60 mg/L/h (20 000 μM/min) or 87.6 mg/L/h (21 200 μM/min) depending on the regimen. Individual pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of busulfan were estimated from three blood samples using a one‐compartment model and Bayesian estimation after the first standard dose. Individual PK parameters were used to adjust subsequent doses to achieve the target exposure.

Results

All patients had their dose adjusted after the first dose administration. The final deviation from the target AUC was significantly improved compared to the initial deviation after standard mg/kg dosing (mean absolute deviation 19.5% vs 11.7%, P < .01). In addition, the proportion of patients with marked deviation from target exposure (ie, >25%) decreased significantly from 31% after standard dosing to 10% after PK‐guided dosing (P < .01). Canonical busulfan‐related toxicity, specifically veno‐occlusive disease, was observed in 5% of patients who achieved successful PK‐guided dosing. In contrast, one‐third of patients with off‐target exposure with poor dosing experienced toxicity.

Conclusion

The Bayesian adaptive dosing strategy significantly improves the accuracy of achieving the target busulfan AUC in patients undergoing HCT. This approach not only reduces marked deviations from target exposure, but also reduces the incidence of busulfan‐related toxicity, thereby maintaining a favourable toxicity/efficacy ratio.
Diloxanide in amoebiasis management: Unravelling the mechanism of action and effectiveness
Authors: Inshutiyimana Samuel , Aleu Michael Matiop , Abdinoor Mustaf Aden , Janoowalla Mariyah Murtaza , Norhayati Norhayati
Published: November 2024

Although diloxanide is a drug of choice for treating asymptomatic amoebiasis, its mechanism of action (MOA) remains unclear. This review aims to shed light on the current understanding of the effectiveness and MOA of diloxanide in treating amoebiasis . It involves analysis of articles, retrieved from PubMed, Google Scholar and EBSCOhost, on diloxanide and the treatment of Entamoeba histolytica infection. Diloxanide is used in an ester form, which allows its high luminal concentration and greater efficacy than metronidazole in the management of asymptomatic amoebiasis. The current understanding of the action of diloxanide is based on its structural similarity to chloramphenicol at dichloroacetamide group. It acts against protein synthesis in E. histolytica trophozoites, blocking their conversion to more virulent and invasive cyst forms. Furthermore, it has a parasite clearance rate of 81–96% and treats amoebic abscesses when combined with metronidazole and chloroquine. Nevertheless, it is associated with adverse events such as flatulence, anorexia, headache and urticaria. Diloxanide is efficacious against amoebiasis but there is a need to explore its structure–activity relationship.The study suggests future directions, including novel drug formulations, diagnostic improvements, and combination regimens to enhance treatment outcomes and mitigate relapse associated with the use of diloxanide.
Brief remote cognitive behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: An open trial
Authors: Basile Vesna Trenoska , Newton‐John Toby , McDonald Sarah , Wootton Bethany M.
Published: November 2024

Objective

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a persistent mental health condition that results in significant individual and economic burden. The uptake of evidence‐based treatment is low, with many individuals with GAD citing cost as one of the key barriers. Brief treatments, which are typically more cost effective than standard length treatments, have the potential to make treatment more accessible to patients with GAD. Despite evidence demonstrating the efficacy of brief treatments for a range of anxiety disorders, there are currently no such studies examining brief Internet videoconferencing‐delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (VCBT) interventions for patients with diagnosed GAD. The current study aims to examine the preliminary efficacy and acceptability of brief VCBT for GAD.

Method

The authors adopted an open trial design with 36 participants (77.8% female; Mage = 36.81 years; SD = 12.25) to examine the preliminary efficacy of a brief five‐session VCBT intervention delivered remotely.

Results

Large pre‐treatment to post‐treatment effects were seen on the primary outcome measure, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire‐7 item (GAD‐7; d = 1.13; 95% CI: .62–1.61) and treatment effects increased at 3‐month follow‐up (d = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.04–2.10). Participants rated the intervention as highly acceptable with 92% reporting that they were satisfied with the treatment.

Conclusion

These results provide preliminary support for the viability of brief remotely delivered CBT treatment in managing GAD symptoms.
Predictors of dropout in self‐guided internet‐delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive‐compulsive disorder: An exploratory study
Authors: Wootton Bethany M. , Melkonian Maral , McDonald Sarah , Karin Eyal , Titov Nickolai , Dear Blake F.
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Self‐guided internet‐delivered cognitive behaviour therapy (ICBT) is an effective treatment for obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD); however, there is little research investigating who dropouts of treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct an exploratory study of predictors of dropout in self‐guided ICBT for OCD. Given that definitions of dropout vary across ICBT studies, we conceptualized dropout in multiple ways: (1) early dropout (proportion of participants who did not complete the pre‐treatment questionnaires); (2) proportion of participants who did not commence the intervention; (3) proportion of participants who did not complete the treatment; and (4) proportion of participants who did not complete the post‐treatment questionnaires.

Method

This was a secondary data analysis of 323 participants with OCD symptoms who provided a successful screening assessment to commence an ICBT intervention. Binary logistic regression was used to predict dropout based on a number of exploratory variables.

Results

Early dropout was predicted by the country of the participant (participants in the United Kingdom and India being more likely to dropout), as well as shorter symptom duration (explaining 7% of the variance). Medication use predicted non‐completion of the intervention with those taking medication for OCD being less likely to complete the treatment (explaining 3% of the variance). Completion of the post‐treatment questionnaires was predicted by higher contamination symptoms, lower depressive symptoms and higher pre‐treatment conscientiousness (explaining 13% of the variance). There were no significant predictors of treatment commencement.

Conclusions

The study provides important preliminary information concerning which patients with OCD may be more likely to drop out of a self‐guided ICBT intervention.
Green Transition and Industrial Relations at the Workplace: Evidence From Italian Firms
Authors: Damiani M. , Pompei Fabrizio , Ricci Andrea
Published: November 2024

This article analyses the role of green investments (GIs) in the adoption of decentralised bargaining and the single aspects negotiated therein. Using data on a large representative sample of Italian firms, we find that investing in green technologies increases the overall probability of decentralised agreements. Further, GIs lead to an increase in negotiations on performance‐related pay and welfare benefits. These results are robust to an econometric strategy that controls for unobserved heterogeneity and endogeneity issues. Our explanation for this evidence is that the current ecological transition in production processes is likely causing significant organisational changes. Managing these changes requires increased flexibility in negotiating critical issues at the company level, such as wage premiums and non‐monetary benefits to employees.
Lateglacial and Holocene chronology of climate‐driven postglacial landscape evolution in northeast Greenland
Authors: Garcia‐Oteyza Julia , Oliva Marc , Palacios David , Fernández‐Fernández Jose Maria , Schimmelpfennig Irene , Fernandes Marcelo , Giralt Santiago , Antoniades Dermot , Jomelli Vincent
Published: November 2024

The Greenland Ice Sheet is highly sensitive to climate change, leading to significant retreat along its edges. This rapid ice loss contributes to rising sea levels and impacts the Earth's climate stability. Understanding the extent of recent glacier retreat is crucial in order to determine if it is unprecedented or within ranges of natural variability. Palaeoenvironmental studies aim to identify past glacial phases and landscape changes using advanced dating methods such as cosmic ray exposure (CRE) dating. In NE Greenland, CRE dating has helped establish the timing of glacial oscillations, yet a comprehensive understanding of glacial fluctuations during specific periods still needs to be developed. This study aims to chronologically constrain the postglacial landscape evolution of two NE Greenland valleys from the Young Sund–Tyrolerfjord area (74°N, 20–25°E) from the onset of deglaciation and throughout the Holocene to better understand glacial and postglacial changes. The chronological framework relies on 27 10Be cosmic‐ray exposure ages that constrain our interpretation of the geomorphological features in both valleys. Inconsistencies were observed in the ages dataset, highlighting potential bias associated with nuclide inheritance and post‐glacial dynamics. Despite limitations, the CRE results confirm the general pattern observed in NE Greenland: (i) major deglaciation and disconnection of glaciers from the main glacial systems during the Lateglacial and Early Holocene with a rapid but not homogeneous deglaciation within the range from ~14.3 to 11.9 ka; (ii) no evidence of glacial activity during the Middle Holocene, probably associated with the withdrawn position of the ice masses’ fronts; and (iii) glacier expansion during the Late Holocene, with a Little Ice Age advance as the last significant period of glacial regrowth.
The endocannabinoid anandamide mediates anti‐inflammatory effects through activation of NR4A nuclear receptors
Authors: Teichmann Tom , Pflüger‐Müller Beatrice , Giménez Virna Margarita Martín , Sailer Fiona , Dirks Henrik , Zehr Simonida , Warwick Timothy , Brettner Felix , Munoz‐Tello Paola , Zimmer Andreas , Tegeder Irmgard , Thomas Dominique , Gurke Robert , Günther Stefan , Heering Jan , Proschak Ewgenij , Geisslinger Gerd , Bibli Iris‐S. , Heringdorf Dagmar Meyer zu , Manucha Walter , Windbergs Maike , Knapp Stefan , Weigert Andreas , Leisegang Matthias S. , Kojetin Douglas , Brandes Ralf P.
Published: November 2024

Background and purpose

Endocannabinoids are lipid mediators, which elicit complex biological effects that extend beyond the central nervous system. Tissue concentrations of endocannabinoids increase in atherosclerosis, and for the endocannabinoid N‐arachidonoyl‐ethanolamine (anandamide, AEA), this has been linked to an anti‐inflammatory function. In this study, we set out to determine the anti‐inflammatory mechanism of action of AEA, specifically focusing on vascular smooth muscle cells.

Experimental approach

RNA‐sequencing, RT‐qPCR, LC‐MS/MS, NanoBit, ChIP, microscale thermophoresis, NMR structural footprinting, Gal4 reporter gene assays and loss of function approaches in cell and ex vivo organ culture were used.

Key results

AEA pretreatment attenuated the cytokine‐mediated induction of inflammatory gene expression such as CCL2. This effect was also observed in preparations obtained from cannabinoid receptor knockout mice and after pertussis toxin treatment. The anti‐inflammatory effect of AEA required preincubation, suggesting an effect through gene induction. AEA increased the expression of the nuclear receptors NR4A1 and NR4A2. Knockdown and knockout of these receptors blocked the AEA‐mediated anti‐inflammatory effect in cell culture and aortic organ culture, respectively. Conversely, NR4A agonists (CsnB, C‐DIM12) attenuated inflammatory gene expression. AEA binds to NR4A, and mutations in NR4A attenuated this effect. The interaction of AEA with NR4A caused recruitment of the nuclear corepressor NCoR1 to the CCL2 promoter, resulting in gene suppression.

Conclusion and implications

By binding to NR4A, AEA elicits an anti‐inflammatory response in vascular smooth muscle cells. NR4A‐binding by AEA analogues may represent novel anti‐inflammatory agents.
Effects of Minocycline on Early Wound Healing after Implant Placement: An In Vitro and Randomized Clinical Study
Authors: Zhang Yanjun , Duan Xiaobo , Xue Fei , Zhou Xinyi , Yuan Quan , Yang Xingmei
Published: November 2024

Objective

To determine the in vitro effects of minocycline on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), its clinical impact on early wound healing after implant placement, and its potential mechanism of action.

Methods

First, we evaluated the in vitro proliferation, migration, and collagen production of HGFs treated with different concentrations of minocycline, as well as the underlying mechanism. Subsequently, we conducted a clinical trial and randomly assigned 40 partially edentulous patients to either the test (minocycline hydrochloride treatment) or control (blank control) group immediately after implant surgery. The early wound healing score (EHS), pain index, gingival index (GI), modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI), and peri‐implant crevicular fluid samples were assessed or collected 3 and/or 7 days after surgery.

Results

In vitro, 1 μg/mL minocycline promoted the proliferation, migration, and collagen production of HGFs. Minocycline inhibited collagen degradation by downregulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) and MMP‐14 and upregulating tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases‐2. However, higher concentrations of minocycline, 10 and 100 μg/mL, exhibited adverse effects. In the randomised clinical trial, the test group showed significantly better clinical outcomes compared to the control group, with higher EHS and lower GI, mSBI, concentrations of IL‐1β, IL‐10, and TNF‐α, and relative abundance of Streptococcus and gram‐negative anaerobic bacteria.

Conclusions

Small doses of minocycline (1 μg/mL) promoted the proliferation and migration of HGFs and inhibited collagen degradation in vitro. Locally delivered minocycline after implant surgery improves clinical outcomes by promoting early wound healing, relieving the inflammatory response, and decreasing early colonisation of gram‐negative anaerobic bacteria.

Trial Registration

This clinical trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number: ChiCTR2100044680)
Selective Inhibition of P2Y1 and P2Y12 Receptor Signal Pathways in Platelet Aggregation in Transgenic Cell Lines and Rats by Potassium 2‐(1‐Hydroxypentyl)‐Benzoate, Puerarin and Salvianolic Acid B
Authors: Li Yiying , Wang Weiping , Cai Jie , Feng Nan , Xu Shaofeng , Wang Ling , Wang Xiaoliang
Published: November 2024

Aim

Potassium 2‐(1‐hydroxypentyl)‐benzoate (dl‐PHPB), puerarin and salvianolic acid B are three natural products or derivatives that can inhibit platelet aggregation. However, the mechanisms of dl‐PHPB, puerarin and salvianolic acid B to inhibit platelet aggregation are still not clear.

Method

Here, 2‐methylthioadenosine diphosphate (2‐MeSADP) was used as an inducer to confirm the effects of three drugs on platelet aggregation and illustrate the corresponding mechanisms.

Result

The results indicated that dl‐PHPB, puerarin and salvianolic acid B significantly inhibited platelet aggregation both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, the content of IP3, cAMP and intracellular [Ca2+]i were measured in HEK293 cell lines overexpressing P2Y1 and P2Y12. Dl‐PHPB and puerarin could obviously reduce 2‐MeSADP‐induced IP3 increase, but salvianolic acid B showed no effects. Unlike dl‐PHPB and puerarin, which had no effects on 2‐MeSADP‐induced cAMP decrease, salvianolic acid B significantly reversed the reduction of cAMP. Both dl‐PHPB and puerarin could decrease the enhanced intracellular [Ca2+]i induced by 2‐MeSADP; however, salvianolic acid B showed no effect on intracellular [Ca2+]i elevation.

Conclusion

These results suggested that dl‐PHPB and puerarin inhibited platelet aggregation via targeting at P2Y1 receptor and P2Y1‐Gq‐IP3‐Ca2+ signal pathway. Differently, salvianolic acid B inhibited platelet aggregation via targeting at P2Y12 receptor and via Gi‐AC‐cAMP signal pathway.
Neighborhood Awareness and Stock Return Synchronicity: Evidence from Satellite Nighttime Light Data
Authors: Meng Chen , Shu Haibing
Published: November 2024

This paper examines the impact on stock return synchronicity of information provided by people who neighbor firms. Neighboring people have inherent advantages in acquiring and interpreting information. We employed novel satellite nighttime light data as a proxy for information held by neighboring people. Our analyses confirmed that brighter nighttime light was related to greater and better‐quality information production. Using a sample of 18,963 firm–year observations over the 2000–2013 period, we found that information from nearby people facilitated the incorporation of firm‐specific information into stock prices, resulting in lower stock return synchronicity. The results were robust when using the slope as an instrumental variable and were supported by various sensitivity checks. The effect of nighttime light intensity was more pronounced for firms operating across multiple geographic regions or diverse industries, those situated near more parks and shopping malls, and those with fewer institutional investors and less media coverage.
Relationship between trajectory of Chinese visceral adiposity index and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Evidence from the China‐PAR project
Authors: Fu Xueru , Zhao Yang , Wu Yuying , Wen Liuding , Huo Weifeng , Zhang Dongdong , Zhang Yanyan , Li Jianxin , Lu Xiangfeng , Hu Fulan , Zhang Ming , Hu Dongsheng
Published: November 2024

Aims

This study aimed to identify the distinct change trajectories of the Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) over time and to investigate their associations with risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Materials and Methods

This study included 52 394 participants from the prospective project, the Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China (China‐PAR). The CVAI was calculated using measures of age, body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. Latent mixture modelling was conducted to fit distinct trajectory patterns. The logistic regression model was applied to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of T2DM with various CVAI trajectory patterns.

Results

Four distinct CVAI trajectory patterns were identified: low‐increasing, moderate‐increasing, moderate high‐increasing and high‐increasing. Compared with low‐increasing CVAI, participants with moderate‐increasing (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.49–2.00), moderate high‐increasing (3.48, 3.01–4.03) and high‐increasing CVAI (5.50, 4.67–6.47) had a significantly increased risk of T2DM. Similar trajectory patterns were identified in both men and women. The ORs (95% CI) for moderate‐increasing, moderate high‐increasing and high‐increasing groups were 3.28 (2.56–4.19), 7.85 (6.09–10.13) and 13.21 (9.98–17.49) in women respectively, and 1.20 (0.99–1.45), 2.18 (1.82–2.62) and 3.60 (2.93–4.43) in men respectively, when compared to the low‐increasing CVAI group. Further, significant effect modifications for age, smoking and physical activity (all Pinteraction <0.05) were observed in the relationship between CVAI trajectory patterns and T2DM.

Conclusions

Initially high and persistently elevated CVAI is significantly associated with an increased risk of T2DM, with a particular focus on women, younger people, nonsmokers and physically inactive individuals. Continuous monitoring of CVAI levels will benefit effective identification, early intervention and management of individuals at high risk of T2DM.