bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photoinhibiting via simultaneous photoabsorption and free-radical reaction for high-fidelity light-based bioprinting
Authors: He Ning , Wang Xiaonan , Shi Liyang , Li Jing , Mo Lan , Chen Feng , Huang Yuting , Liu Hairong , Zhu Xiaolong , Zhu Wei , Mao Yiqi , Han Xiaoxiao
Published: July 2022

Light-based three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is now employed widely to fabricate geometrically complex constructs for various biomedical applications. However, the inherent light scattering defect creates significant challenges in patterning dilute hydrogels to form high-fidelity structures with fine-scale features. Herein, we introduce an innovative photoinhibiting approach that can suppress the light scattering effect more effectively than the current purely photoabsorbing-based method via a new mechanism of simultaneous photoabsorption and free-radical reaction. Mechanistically, photoabsorption can confine vertical light penetration depth by absorbing excess light, whilst the free-radical reaction can rapidly consume the free radicals generated by scattered light. We have showcased that this biocompatible approach significantly improves the printing resolution (~ 30 µm) and fidelity (geometric error less than 5%), while minimising the costly trial-and-error procedures simultaneously. The strategy established in this study promotes the printability and operability of light-based 3D bioprinting systems by addressing the light scattering issue, allowing for more advanced tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Diversity of RNA Editing in Chloroplast Transcripts across Three Main Plant Clades
Authors: Zhang Aidi , Fang Jing , Zhang Xiujun
Published: July 2022

RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification of an RNA nucleotide sequence. Until now, different RNA editing systems were found in the major eukaryotic clades. In the plant kingdom, RNA editing was mainly documented in the mitochondria and chloroplast genomes. However, variation among large taxonomic groups and the evolutionary trajectory in terms of intra- and inter- clades remains unclear. To gain a better understanding of RNA editing evolution, in this study, based on publicly available RNA-seq data across three clades (fern, gymnosperm, and angiosperm), we provided a detailed analysis of chloroplast RNA editing events and discussed its evolution in land plants. A total of 5,205 editing sites were determined across 21 species after rigorous screening. We found that the clustering relations of RNA editing sites across 21 species agreed with the phylogenetic tree based on protein sequences approximately, and more editing sites occurred in early-diverging lineages for all the three clades, implying they shared similar evolutionary trajectories of editing loss. We observed that the average RNA editing level varied among species as well as genes, a lowest RNA editing level (~0.42) was detected in Selaginella moellendorffii; the highest editing level (~0.88) was detected in atpA gene. The reduction of cytosine content with evolution detected in our study further suggested that the substitution of the genomic sequence was the significant driver of loss of editing for later-branching plants. Many of the identified sites in our study have not been previously reported and provided a valuable data set for the future research community. Our findings also provide valuable information for the evolution of RNA editing in plants.
Current Management of the Urachal Anomalies (Ua). Lessons Learned From the Clinical Practice
Authors: Perez Dolev , Neeman Binyamin , Kocherov Stanislav , Jaber Gaudat , Armon Yaron , Zilber Sofia , Chertin Boris
Published: July 2022

Purpose: It has been suggested that symptomatic UA requires surgical excision. However, the management of asymptomatic urachus is still controversial. We aimed to evaluate the clinical presentation, the efficacy of current modalities used, and postoperative pathology in patients with UA. Material and Methods: We have performed a retrospective review of all patients diagnosed with UA and treated surgically or conservatively over 18 years. Demographic data, clinical presentation, imaging modalities, pathology, treatment, and postoperative complications were analyzed. Results: Twenty-five symptomatic patients (18 males and seven females) with a median age of 13 years (one month to 37 years) were identified. 15 (60%) were diagnosed with a urachal cyst, 4(16%) with sinus, 3(12%) with urachal diverticulum, and the remaining 3(12%) with patent urachus. Of those, 20(80%) underwent surgical repair, and the remaining five (20%) patients were managed conservatively. 4 (20%) underwent laparotomy, 7 (35%) laparoscopic incision, and the remaining 9 (45%) laparoscopic robotic-assisted surgery. Nine patients required bladder cuff excision. The median operative time was 75 minutes (42-140 min). One patient developed Clavien Dindo grade IIIA complication resulting in infected hematoma, which resolved after drainage. Another patient with a complication of grade IIIB needed reoperation as a result of recurrent events of an abscess. 13 (65%) demonstrated epithelium lining of the urachus on postoperative pathology.Conclusions: Our data show that most of the patients with UA presented with epithelial lining, which might lead to the later malignant transformation. It might cause a shift from the conservative management of asymptomatic patients to surgical intervention. Robotic-assisted surgery appears beneficial in these patients, especially when the bladder cuff excision is required.
Fibration structure for Gromov h-principle
Authors: Yamazaki Koji
Published: July 2022

The h-principle is a powerful tool for obtaining solutions to partial differential inequalities and partial differential equations. Gromov discovered the h-principle for the general partial differential relations to generalize the results of Hirsch and Smale. In his book, Gromov generalizes his theorem and discusses the sheaf theoretic h-principle, in which an object called a flexible sheaf plays an important role. We show that a flexible sheaf can be interpreted as a fibrant object with respect to a model structure. The sheaf of formal sections is interpreted as a fibrant replacement in the model structure. There are two main results. The first result is that the category of continuous sheaves can embed in a model category. The class of cofibrations is not included in the category of continuous sheaves. However, the category of continuous sheaves has weak equivalences and fibrations. The second result is that the category of continuous sheaves has an ABC prefibration structure, a generalized structure of a model structure.
3D Quantitative Measurement of the Coronoid Process and Proximal Ulna: A Chinese Adults-Based Morphometric Study
Authors: Wang Daofeng , Li Jiantao , Xu Gaoxiang , Zhang Hao , Xu Cheng , Zhang Wupeng , Li Hua , Gan Xuewen , Xiong Ying , Zhang Licheng , Li Li , Tang Peifu
Published: July 2022

Purpose To perform quantitative measurements of anatomic morphology of the proximal ulna and coronoid process and establish the morphologic references based on Chinese for the surgical protocol and implant design. Methods The computed tomography data of 156 upper extremities were involved in this study. The ulna model was reconstructed in Mimics. Ten distance and 6 angle parameters were measured by 4 independent investigators with a new 3D quantitative measurement method. The intraclass correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the measuring reliability. Gender and side differences of measured parameters were evaluated. Results Measurements showed a mean coronoid height of 15 mm, which was 42% of ulnar height with gender-specific differences (mean, 16 mm in men and 14 mm in women, p<0.001). A mean unsupported anteromedial facet width of 8 mm was 61% of coronoid anteromedial facet. A larger opening angle correlates to a larger olecranon-diaphysis angle (p<0.001) and larger coronoid height (p=0.001). A mean proximal ulna dorsal angulation of 4.7° is present in 80% of models at an average of 52 mm distal to olecranon tip. The average proximal ulna varus angulation was 16° at a mean of 74 mm distal to olecranon tip. Morphological features between the left and right sides were highly consistent. The high correlation between coronoid anatomic parameters, poor correlation among proximal ulnar parameters, and poor relevance between both was also found. The ICC was between 0.789 and 0.978 for inter-observer and between 0.696 and 0.997 for intra-observer reliability.Conclusions The proximal ulna features variable morphology and poor correlation with coronoid. Over half of the anteromedial facet was not supported by the proximal ulnar diaphysis, making the coronoid vulnerable to elbow trauma. Surgeons should pay more attention to the effect of gender difference and sides consistency of proximal ulna morphology on the treatment of fractures.
Pristane induced lupus mice as a model for neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE)
Authors: Yun Yang , Wang Xuejiao , Xu Jingyi , Jin Chenye , Chen Jingyu , Wang Xueru , Wang Jianing , Qin Ling , Yang Pingting
Published: July 2022

Background
Pristane induced lupus (PIL) model is a useful tool to study environmental-related systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the involvement of neuropsychiatric manifestations in this model has not been investigated in detail. Since neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE) is an important complication of SLE, we investigated how PIL mice develop neuropsychiatric symptoms to explore its suitability for NPSLE study.
Results
We found that PIL mice showed olfactory dysfunction accompanied with an anxiety- and depression-like phenotype at month 2 or 4 after pristane injection. The levels of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10) in the brain and BBB permeability increased significantly from month 1, and persisted throughout the observed course of the disease. Then, IgG deposition in the choroid plexus and lateral ventricle wall were observed at month 1. Both astrocytes and microglia were activated at month 1. The activation of astrocytes was persistent throughout the observed course of the disease, while the microglia activation decayed dramatically at month 4. Lipofuscin deposition, a sign of neuronal damage, was detected in cortical and hippocampal neurons from month 4 to 8.
Conclusion
PIL mice showed a series of behavioral deficits and pathological changes in the brain, which might be applicable to investigate the development of pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets of environmental-related NPSLE.
Classification prediction of early pulmonary nodes based on weighted gene correlation network analysis and machine learning
Authors: Li Guang , Yang Meng , Ran Longke , Jin Fu
Published: July 2022

Objective: To use weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and machine learning algorithm to predict classification of early pulmonary nodes with public databases.Methods: The expression data and clinical data of lung cancer patients were firstly extracted from public database (GTEx and TCGA) to study the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The intersection of three R packages（Dseq2,Limma,EdgeR) methods were selected as candidate DEGs for further study. WGCNA was used to obtain relevant modules and key genes of lung cancer classification, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was performed. The model was built using two machine learning methods, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression and tumor classification was also predicted with extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm. Results: DEGs analysis revealed that there were 1306 LUAD genes. WGCNA module analysis showed that a total of 116 genes were significantly related to classification, and module genes were mainly related to 14 KEGG pathways. The machine learning algorithm identified 10 target genes by LASSO regression analysis of differential genes, and 18 genes were identified by XGBoost model. A total of 6 genes were found from the intersection of the above methods as classification signatures of early pulmonary nodules， including "HMGB3" "ARHGAP6" "TCF21" "FCN3" "COL6A6" "GOLM1".Conclusion: Using DEGs analysis, WGCNA method and machine learning algorithm, 6 gene signatures related to early stage of LUAD , which can assist clinicians in disease classification prediction.
The role of social circle COVID-19 illness and vaccination experiences in COVID-19 vaccination decisions: a representative online survey of the United States population
Authors: Skidmore Mark
Published: July 2022

Background: Around the world, policymakers have clearly communicated that COVID-19 vaccination programs need to be accepted by a large proportion of the population to allow life return to normal. However, according to the Center for Disease Control, about one third of the United States population is still not fully vaccinated as of June 2022.Aims: The primary aim of this work is to identify the factors associated by American citizens with the decision to be vaccinated against COVID-19. In addition, the proportion of fatal events from COVID-19 vaccinations was estimated and compared with the data in the VAERS database.Methods: A nationally representative online survey of COVID-19 health experiences was conducted. Information was collected regarding reasons for and against COVID-19 inoculations, experiences with COVID-19 illness and COVID-19 inoculations by survey respondents and their social circles. Logit regression analyses were carried out to identify factors influencing the likelihood of being vaccinated.Results: A total of 2,840 participants completed the survey between December 18 and 23, 2021. Fifty-one percent of the participants were female and the mean age was 47 (95% CI: 46.36 – 47.64) years. Those who knew someone who experienced a health problem from COVID-19 were 6.5% (95% CI: 2.1 – 10.9) more likely to be vaccinated, while those who knew someone who reported a health problem following vaccination were 13.3% (95% CI: 8.4 – 18.2) less likely to be vaccinated. Thirty-four percent reported that they knew at least one person who had experienced a significant health problem due to the COVID-19 illness. Similarly, 22% of respondents indicated that they knew at least one person who had experienced a severe health problem following COVID-19 vaccination. With these survey data, the total number of fatalities due to COVID-19 inoculation may be as high as 278,000 (95% CI: 217,330—332,608) when fatalities that may have occurred regardless of inoculation are removed.Conclusions: Knowing someone who reported serious health issues either from COVID-19 or from COVID-19 vaccination are important factors for the decision to get vaccinated. The large difference in the possible number of fatalities due to COVID-19 vaccination that emerges from this survey and the available governmental data should be further investigated.
Initiation of anticoagulation therapy within 48-hour after esophageal variceal band ligation is safe in portal vein thrombosis patients having cirrhosis and acute variceal bleeding: A multi-centric randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gao Zhanjuan , Li Shanshan , Zhao Jingrun , Li Jinhou , Gao yanjing
Published: July 2022

Background and aims: Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) and acute variceal bleeding (AVB) are recurrent complications of cirrhosis. Safety, efficacy, and initiation time of anticoagulant treatment among cirrhotic patients having PVT and AVB are controversial issues. We aimed to establish the safety and efficacy of nadroparin calcium warfarin sequential (NWS) anticoagulation therapy within 48-hour after esophageal variceal band ligation within PVT patients having cirrhosis and AVB.Methods: Cirrhotic patients having AVB and PVT who underwent EVL were included and randomly allocated to either the NWS therapy group (one-month nadroparin calcium by subcutaneous injection following five-month warfarin through oral administration) or the control group (without any anticoagulation therapy). Five-day failure, 14-day, four-weeks, and six-month rebleeding rates after EVL, other major bleeding events in specific sites, and recanalization rate of PVT among the two groups were assessed at six months. Results: 118 patients were eligible and randomly divided into the NWS group and the control group, with 59 patients in either group. No patients experienced five-day failure in both groups. There was no significant difference in the rate of 14-day (0 vs. 1.7%, P = 1.000), four-week (0 vs. 3.4%, P = 0.476), and six-month rebleeding (11.9% vs. 18.6%, P = 0.36) between the two groups. The overall recanalization (complete and partial) rate in the NWS therapy group was significantly higher than in the control group (67.8% vs. 40.7%, P = 0.003). Low Child-Pugh score (P = 0.005), D-dimer<2.00 ug/mL (P = 0.016), and NWS anticoagulation therapy (P = 0.004) were the predictors of PVT recanalization through univariate analysis of binary logistic regression. NWS anticoagulation therapy (P = 0.004) was the independent factor of recanalization through multivariate analysis. In the NWS group, the Child-Pugh score (6.77 ±1.36 vs. 6.00 ±1.00, P = 0.001) and the albumin level (35.01 ±5.95 vs. 36.95 ±4.27, P = 0.048) were significantly improved at the sixth month.Conclusions: Initiation of NWS anticoagulation therapy within 48-hour after EVL is safe with better efficacy against PVT patients having cirrhosis and AVB. Moreover, it can also improve liver function.
Content Analysis and Dermatologic Gaps in Online Patient Education Materials for Graft-Versus-Host-Disease
Authors: Kaundinya Trisha , El-Behaedi Salma , Choi Jennifer N
Published: July 2022

Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is a complex systemic disease which is associated with significant physical and psychological distress in patients. Given the complexity of this disorder, navigation of educational information available to patients can be quite daunting. However, the availability of patient materials plays a vital role in a patient’s ability to navigate and manage such a difficult diagnosis. Specifically, patient education has been shown to reduce the uncertainty and stress that follows such a complex diagnosis, but to our knowledge no studies have evaluated the content of patient education materials on GVHD, especially from a dermatologic perspective. Despite the complexity of GVHD, cutaneous manifestations are common and often require management by dermatology. In this cross-sectional study, a Google search engine was utilized to assess websites for information on GVHD etiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, treatment, coverage of Acute GVHD, Chronic GVHD, cutaneous presentations, dermatologic management, and quality of life implications. It was evident that there was a paucity of information specific to the cutaneous manifestations and dermatologic management of GVHD. Results of this study emphasize the need for more robust integration of skin-specific information guided by expert dermatologist opinion in publicly available patient information materials online.
Effect of frailty status on mortality risk among Chinese community-dwelling older adults: a prospective cohort study
Authors: ZHAO Xinxin , ZHU Rui , CHEN Qi , HE Jia
Published: July 2022

Background: Frailty is associated with mortality in the elderly. We aimed to determine the appropriate time and frailty index (FI) threshold for frailty intervention in Chinese community-dwelling older adults.Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we used data from the 2011 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study. Follow-up was performed for 7 years from baseline. Using the FI to evaluate frailty and define frailty status, we explored the best time point and FI score for frailty intervention, by comparing the relationships of FI and frailty status with mortality.Results: From 2011 to 2018, 8642 participants were included and followed up. A total of 4458 participants died during the study period. After adjusting for variables such as age, sex, marital status, education level, and living conditions, the hazard ratio (HR) of mortality risk based on the FI at baseline was 37.484 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 30.217-46.498; P<0.001); female sex, living in the city, being married, and living with spouse were found to be protective factors, whereas ageing was a risk factor of frailty. The mortality risk was higher in pre-frail than in frail participants (HR: 3.588, 95% CI: 3.212-4.009, P<0.001). Piecewise linear regression analysis revealed an FI score threshold of 0.5. When the FI score was >0.5, the HR of mortality based on the FI was 15.758 (95% CI: 3.656-67.924; P<0.001); when the FI score was ≤0.5, the HR of mortality based on the FI was 48.944 (95% CI: 36.162-66.244; P<0.001). Conclusion: The FI is a stronger predictor for mortality than the frailty status. The advancement of early interventions for mortality risk reduction is more beneficial in pre-frail than in frail patients, and an FI score of 0.5 was found to be the threshold for mortality prediction using the FI.
Prevalence of allergen sensitization among 1248 children with allergic rhinitis in Changzhou, China
Authors: Hu Zhibang , Xue Jianrong , Pan Min , Bao Yongzheng , Zou Wenlan , Wang Chunhui , Ma Jing
Published: July 2022

Objective: To determine the prevalence of sensitivity to common inhaled and food allergens among children with allergic rhinitis (AR) in Changzhou in eastern China and provide a basis for clinical evaluation of pediatric allergic status and prevention strategies for allergen avoidance.Methods: A total of 1248 children with AR were enrolled at the Third People's Hospital of Changzhou between January 2018 and December 2019. The serum-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) to 19 kinds of inhaled and food allergens and serum total IgE were detected with the AllergyScreen test (Mediwiss Analytic GmbH, Moers, Germany). All participants had a positive reaction to at least one allergen in the test.Results: Among the patients, 818 (65.54%) were male and 430 (34.46%) were female, with 81 (6.50%) aged 1–3 yr, 501 (40.14%) aged 4–7 yr, and 666 (53.36%) aged 8–14 yr. The positivity rate of inhaled allergens was 80.05% (n = 999), while the positivity rate of food allergens was 66.19% (n = 826). The most common inhaled allergens were Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (65.38%), mold mix (25.56%), house dust (20.67%), and dog hair dander (13.94%), and the most common food allergens were cow's milk (30.31%), cashew nut (27.9%), egg (22.68%), and beef (12.98%). With an increase in age, the inhaled allergen positivity rate increased, while the food allergen positivity rate decreased. Total IgE levels were higher in the groups with older children.Conclusions: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus was the most common sensitizing allergen in pediatric patients with AR in Changzhou. Several other inhaled and food allergens were also common. We observed that multiple allergenic factors play an important role in the occurrence and development of AR.
The effects of active and passive intravenous heroin and heroin conditioned stimuli on consolidation of object memory
Authors: Francis Travis , Wolter Michael , Leri Francesco
Published: July 2022

Drugs of abuse and their associated conditioned stimuli (CS) modulate memory consolidation, but it is possible that these effects are influenced by the mode of administration (i.e., active vs passive). This study employed a self-administration/yoked design in male Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 36): one group (n = 18) intravenously self-administered infusions of 0.05 mg/kg heroin paired with the activation of a light CS, and a yoked group (n = 18) received an equal number of infusions and light CS presentations independent of their lever responses. Self-administration/yoked training was followed by extinction during which responses on the active lever had no consequences, and by a cue-induced reinstatement session during which active lever responses resulted in the reactivation of the light CS, but no heroin delivery. The post-training effects of self-administered/yoked heroin, extinction and reinstatement sessions on memory consolidation were tested using the object location memory task. It was found that post-sample heroin enhanced object location memory in yoked, but not self-administering rats. However, post-sample extinction and reinstatement sessions equally modulated memory in both groups. Taken together, these data in rats support the perspective that mode of administration impacts the cognitive consequences of exposure to drugs and environmental stimuli linked to their reinforcing effects.
An evaluation of macrobenthos habitat suitability in the bivalve farming area near Xiaoqing estuary
Authors: Liu Lulei , Li Ang , Zhu Ling , Xue Suyan , Li Jiaqi , Zhang Changsheng , Yu Wenhan , Ma Zhanfei , Zhuang Haonan , Mao Yuze
Published: July 2022

Since macrobenthos play an important role in the energy flow and material circulation of marine systems, they can act as an indicator of ecosystem health. Because there are generally complex relationships between macrobenthos and environmental factors, the optimal model for simulating macrobenthos habitat is a nonlinear, nonparametric model with a relatively flexible structure. This study applied canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to identify the key ecological factors affecting the community characteristics of macrobenthos in the bivalve farming area near Xiaoqing estuary. Responses of species richness to environmental factors were studied using the generalized additive model (GAM), and the Margalef index (dM) was used instead of individual indicator species to indicate diversity variation. Six factors were selected in the optimal model by stepwise regression: salinity (Sal), sediment organic matter (SOM), ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N), phosphate in interstitial water (PO4-Psoil), ammonium nitrogen in interstitial water (NH4-Nsoil), and nitrate nitrogen in interstitial water (NO3-Nsoil) in the substrates. The response curves generated by the GAM showed a unimodal relationship between taxa diversity and Sal and SOM, dM was positively correlated with NH4-N, and was negatively correlated with PO4-Psoil. The model optimized by forward stepwise optimization explained 92.6% of biomass variation, with a small residual (2.67). The measured dM was strongly correlated with the predicted dM (Pearson R2 = 0.845, p < 0.05). This study can increase understanding of the relationships between the macrobenthic community and aquaculture activities in the bivalve farming area near Xiaoqing estuary.
Performance and Optimization Analysis of a Queue with Delayed Uninterrupted Multiple Vacations and N-policy
Authors: He Yaxing , Tang Yinghui , Yu Miaomiao , Wu Wenqing
Published: July 2022

This paper considers an M/G/1 queueing system with delayed uninterrupted multiple vacations in which the server begins its service under the control of the N-policy. Applying the renewal process, the total probability decomposition technique and the Laplace transform, we firstly study the transient queue-length distribution of the system that starts fromany initial state, and obtain the expressions of the Laplace transform of the transient queue-length distribution concerning time t. Then, based on the transient analysis, employing L’Hospital’s rule and some algebraic manipulations, the recursive formulas of the steady-state queue-length distribution which can be used to evaluate accurately the probabilities of queue length are derived. Meanwhile, some crucial performance measures are presented. Finally, employing the renewal reward theorem, the explicit expression of the long-run expected cost per unit time is also presented under a given cost structure. Furthermore, the cost optimization problems with (without) the average waiting time constraint arediscussed. Four numerical examples are provided to determine the optimal control policy for economizing the system cost under the conditions that the random variables obey different phase-type(PH) distributions.
Melanoma of unknown primary with skeletal muscle metastasis. A case report
Authors: Andrianandrasana Ny Ony Tiana Florence , Randrianarisoa Rova Malala Fandresena , Navoly Patty , Ranaivoson Mirana Andoniaina Christiana , Vololontiana Hanta Marie Danielle , Rafaramino Florine
Published: July 2022

Background: Melanoma is usually discovered from an irregular skin patch or a modification of a pre-existing patch. Cutaneous and lymph node metastases are common. Muscle metastasis are rare. We report a case of melanoma with infiltration of the gluteus maximus, which had normal dermatological examination.Case presentation: A 43-year-old man with no history of skin surgery was admitted with progressively worsening dyspnea. On admission, he presented with superior vena cava syndrome, painless cervical lymphadenopathy and a painful swelling in the right buttock. Skin and mucous membrane examination did not reveal any abnormal or suspicious lesions. The biology was limited to a C-reactive protein of 40 mg/L, a white blood cell count of 23 G/L and a lactate dehydrogenase level of 1705 U/L. The computed tomography scan showed several lymphadenopathies, compression of the superior vena cava and a tissue mass at the expense of the gluteus maximus. Cervical lymph node biopsy and cytopuncture of the gluteus maximus were consistent with a secondary melanoma location. A stage III melanoma of unknown primary origin associated with lymph node metastases and extension to the right gluteus maximus was suggested.Conclusions: Melanoma of unknown primary accounts for 3% of diagnosed melanomas. Diagnosis is difficult in the absence of a skin lesion. Patients are diagnosed with multiple metastases. Muscle involvement is unusual and may suggest a benign pathology. In this context, biopsy remains essential for diagnosis.
Surgical treatment of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in a single institution
Authors: Li Hua , Zhao Shengliang , Wu Chun , Pan Zhengxia , Wang Gang , Dai Jiangtao
Published: July 2022

Background
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of video-assisted thoracic surgery(VATS) for the treatment of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) compared with conventional open surgery.
Methods
We retrospectively analysed the clinical data of 109 children with CDH. According to the surgical method, the children were divided into an open group (62 cases) and a thoracoscopy group (47 cases).We compared the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative CCU admission time and other surgical indicators as well as the recurrence rate, mortality rate and complication rate of the two groups of children.
Results
The index data on the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative mechanical ventilation time, postoperative hospital stay and postoperative CCU admission time were better in the thoracoscopy group than in the open group. We compared the number of incision infections, lung infections, atelectasis, pleural effusion, and chylothorax between the two groups.There were more children in the open group than in the thoracoscopy group.The overall incidence of postoperative complications in the open group (51.61%) was higher than that in the thoracoscopy group (44.68%).The recurrence rate of the thoracoscopy group (8.51%) was higher than that of the open group (3.23%). In the open group, 7 patients died of respiratory distress after surgery, and no patients died in the thoracoscopy group.
Conclusions
Thoracoscopic surgery and open surgery can effectively treat CDH.Compared with conventional open surgery, thoracoscopy has the advantages of shorter operation time, less trauma, faster recovery and fewer complications, but there is a risk of recurrence.
Induction of distinct plant cell death programs by secreted proteins from the wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici
Authors: Welch Thomas , Bayon Carlos , Rudd Jason J , Kanyuka Kostya , Kettles Graeme J
Published: July 2022

Cell death processes in eukaryotes shape normal development and responses to the environment. For plant-microbe interactions, initiation of host cell death plays an important role in determining disease outcomes. Cell death pathways are frequently initiated following detection of pathogen-derived molecules which can lead to resistance or susceptibility to disease depending on pathogen lifestyle. We previously identified several small secreted proteins (SSPs) from the wheat-infecting fungus Zymoseptoria tritici that induce rapid cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana following Agrobacterium-mediated delivery and expression (agroinfiltration). Here we investigated whether the execution of host cells was mechanistically similar in response to different Z. tritici SSPs. Using RNA sequencing, we found that transient expression of four Z. tritici SSPs led to massive transcriptional reprogramming within 48 hours of agroinfiltration. We observed that distinct host gene expression profiles were induced dependent on whether cell death occurs in a cell surface immune receptor-dependent or -independent manner. These gene expression profiles involved differential transcriptional networks mediated by WRKY, NAC and MYB transcription factors. In addition, differential expression of genes belonging to different classes of receptor-like proteins and receptor-like kinases was observed. These data suggest that different Z. tritici SSPs trigger differential transcriptional reprogramming in plant cells.
Will Our Green World Survive After the Changes In the Exchange Rate?
Authors: Demir Diclesu , Sütlü Elif
Published: July 2022

Our green world is facing a serious climate crisis problem. Climate crisis which was controversial in the past is now a bigger problem than we think. Even though induvial precautions have an important effect, collective precautions should be taken for globally significant effects. The solution of climate crisis must be applicable and sustainable by both developed and developing countries. We have only one livable green planet. That’s why it is fatal for developing countries to get contribution from developed countries. To make climate crisis action plans real the underground transfer of technologic production must be from developed countries to developing countries. At that point the decrease in the purchasing power of developing countries due to exchange rate, prohibits to take action for climate crisis. The only way to overcome this problem is resetting effects of exchange rate differences on developing countries. We must observe from a holistic perspective for the survival of the one and only our green planet. It is crucial to maintain actions by the contribution of developed countries such as technology, raw material. At that point, we analyze Izmir Metropolitan Municipality’s hybridelectrical bus project which was in their climate crisis action plan.
Barriers and facilitators to the utilization of community drug distribution points among adolescents aged 10 to 19 years living with HIV in Lira District, Northern Uganda: A qualitative study
Authors: Apio Betty
Published: July 2022

Background: Differentiated service delivery model such as Community Drug Distribution Points (CDDPs) was adopted by Uganda as one of the strategies to decongest the HIV clinics as well as decentralizing HIV care services closer to the stable clients with undetectable viral load. Despite the creation of CDDPs in the catchment areas of accredited anti-retroviral therapy clinics, its utilization remains low at 25%. However, there is little information on the barriers and facilitators to the utilization of CDDPs among adolescents aged 10 to19 years living with HIV in Uganda. The aim of this study was to explore the barriers and facilitators to utilization of CDDPs among Adolescent Living With HIV (ALWHIV) aged 10-19 years in Lira District, Northern Uganda.Methods: We conducted an exploratory descriptive study. A total of 29 qualitative interviews were conducted. Participants were purposively selected. Categories of participants included adolescents aged 10 to19 years living with HIV, caregivers of minors, and lay health care workers at the selected CDDPs. Data was collected using in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Data was audio recorded, transcribed and coded manually in which the codes were agreed upon by the authors of the study. The coded data was summarized into major themes on a matrix using master sheet analysis technique. Thematic content analysis was done, the findings were narrated verbatim and presented as text quotes.Results: Our data shows a number of barriers to utilization of CDDPs among ALWHIV in rural settings. Barriers were categorized as individual level (limited level of privacy, fears and worries, long waiting hours and distance), family related (insults and heavy work load) and health system related (lack of transport). Major facilitators to utilization of CDDPs included ease of access to ART care services, shorter waiting time, desires to remain healthy and productive, and peer support and group encouragement. Conclusion and recommendations: Our study adds important public health evidence that CDDPs, as one of the community-based models, seems to be serving underprivileged population with low level of education. We recommend provision of appropriate infrastructures used as CDDPs to protect clients’ privacy and confidentiality. ALWHIV need to be served as individuals on arrival as members of the groups at the CDDPs. There is need to strengthen community engagement and sensitization to eliminate HIV related stigma experienced by ALWHIV.
Perceptions of racism in a children’s psychiatric inpatient unit: a qualitative study of entrenching and uprooting factors
Authors: Asuzu Kammarauche , Ijeli Chinye , Cardona Laurie , Calhoun Amanda , Reiss David , Benoit Laelia , Martin Andrés
Published: July 2022

Introduction
It is well documented that race plays a role in health care access and outcomes. However, discussions about race in the workplace are often avoided.
Aim/Question
We sought to identify factors that may contribute to or deter from racism to inform interventions to sustain a psychologically supportive environment for patients and staff.
Methods
We conducted individual interviews about perceptions of race and racism using a purposive sample of twenty-two individuals in an acute child psychiatric inpatient service. We analyzed interviews systematically with thematic analysis guided by a constructivist grounded theory conceptual framework.
Results
We identified two countervailing processes: 1) Entrenching – factors that sustain or increase racism: Predisposing, Precipitating, and Perpetuating; and 2) Uprooting – factors that rectify or reduce racism: Preventing, Punctuating, and Prohibiting. We organized each of the elements in a “6P” model organized along a temporal sequence around sentinel racist events. For each of the six components we go on to include: Contributing Factors, Emotional Reactions, and Behavioral Responses as reported by participants.
Implications for Practice
Identifying factors that entrench or uproot racism can inform specific steps to improve the care of all children and families on an inpatient child psychiatry unit. These interventions could be applied to milieu-based inpatient settings serving patients of all ages.
GREEN CAMPUS IN THE UNIVERSITIES OF THE WORLD
Authors: Marekha I. , Kurbatova T. , Kyrychenko K. , Laznenko D. , Chygryn O.
Published: July 2022

The aim of the article is to analyze the world practice of implementing Green Campuses programs in higher education institutions and assess the possibilities of practical implementation of the principles of sustainable development in Ukrainian universities. The following methods were used in the study: retrospective analysis – in considering the main stages of thegreen campusesconcept evolution, system-structural analysis – in substantiating and building a five-support structure of eco-campus, comparative analysis – in presenting examples of effective organization Green campuses on a global scale. The article emphasizes that universities around the world support the mission of providing future professionals with quality education that will promote the adequate development of student skills for the benefit of the community and the state. Therefore, the values that are incorporated by certain institutions of higher education are an essential factor that guides entrants when choosing a place of study. In this context, more and more universities on a global scale have begun to pay attention to the importance of including environmental friendliness and resource efficiency as an integral part of their corporate culture and even architecture. The aim of this environmental initiative is to create an ideological basis for students who would live environmentally sustainable activities as a daily practice. Along with environmental benefits for humans and the environment, green campuses bring economic, social, and reputational benefits to following universities. The authors of the article derived a five-pronged structure of green campuses, which is the basis of theoretical and conceptual provisions for the greening of educational activities. Yes, this structure provides the following system components as green administration of free economic zone, greening of educational and methodical activity, scientific and innovative activity in the field of green economy, ecological education of students and partnership for the purposes of sustainable development. The article presents global examples of effective organization of “green campuses” with justification of practical results. The UI GreenMetric rating system, in which Sumy State University became a participant, was detailed and briefly described, taking second place due to its pro-environmental activity, which is systematic and strategic.
Effects of Elevated Water Temperature on Growth of Basil Using Nutrient Film Technique
Authors: Hendrickson Teal , Dunn Bruce L. , Goad Carla , Hu Bizhen , Singh Hardeep
Published: July 2022

Hydroponic systems have become increasingly popular for growers in recent years for year-round local production. Whereas optimal air temperature for plant growth has been considered, optimal root zone temperatures have not been examined as thoroughly. The objective of this research was to determine the optimal water temperature for growing different types of basil hydroponically. Research was conducted at the greenhouses in Stillwater, OK. Seventeen cultivars were selected from six main types of basil and transplanted into Nutrient Film Technique hydroponic systems, and three water temperature treatments were applied: 23, 27.5, and 31 °C. Height, width, average leaf area, leaf number, chlorophyll concentration (chlorophyll readings obtained with the Minolta-502 SPAD meter), shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight were evaluated. In general, the 27.5 and 31 °C treatments were not greater than each other in terms of leaf number and root dry weight but were greater than the 23 °C treatment. The 31 °C treatment had the greatest height, whereas width, average leaf area, shoot fresh weight, and shoot dry weight were not different from the 27.5 °C treatment. The 23 °C treatment had the greatest chlorophyll concentration (SPAD) value. Cultivar differences were significant in average leaf area and SPAD, with ‘Spicy Bush’ having the smallest leaf area and purple basil having the greatest SPAD value. For all cultivars except purple basil and ‘Large Leaf Italian’, a 27.5 °C water temperature would be recommended for greater plant growth.
Heritabilities and Correlations in Muskmelon from Parent-offspring Regression Analyses1
Authors: Lippert L.F. , Hall M. O.
Published: July 2022

Data from 14 traits in muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) were analysed by parent-offspring regression to produce estimates of heritability and phenotypic, genotypic, and environmental correlations. Heritability estimates determined from correlation coefficients (h2 = r), equivalent to regression analysis on data coded in standard deviation units (h2 = b1), were low (5–13%) for maturity and yield traits, and moderate (53–71%) for fruit appearance and quality traits. Soluble solids content at h2 = 16% was the exception. Heritabilities calculated by intraclass correlations of half-sib progenies (h2 = 4ths) provided many values which exceeded 100%. Phenotypic, genotypic and environmental correlations among paired traits indicated many significant and desirable relationships which could be used to reduce numbers of observations on breeding materials as well as provide guidance for selection within future muskmelon populations. Correlated responses were predicted for all traits from single-trait selection of several fruit quality characters. Predicted and realized responses in the offspring generation by simulated direct selection (10%) for each character within the parent population are presented. Priorities for trait selection and choice of breeding procedures for improvement in muskmelon are discussed. External fruit characters such as net appearance and nonindented vein tracts, or intermediate fruit size, each of which can be scored visually and rapidly, appear most suited for selection within these populations.
Inheritance of Virus Tolerance in Strawberry1
Authors: Barritt Bruce H. , Daubeny Hugh A.
Published: July 2022

Seedlings of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) from 29 crosses were evaluated in a field trial over a 2½-year period for tolerance to a complex of viruses. The seedlings and plants of the parent clones were subjectively rated for tolerance on the basis of vigor, runnering, and appearance of virus symptoms. ‘Totem’ and ‘Aiko’ produced the highest percentage of tolerant-appearing seedlings, while ‘Olympus’, ‘Belrubi’, and ‘Hood’ produced the highest percentage of susceptible seedlings. At the end of the trial, when the symptoms were most severe, heritability for tolerance was 0.73. Specific combining ability variance was much smaller than general combining ability variance, indicating that a high proportion of genetic variance was additive. Therefore, rapid progress in breeding for tolerance can be expected from selecting parent clones on the basis of phenotypic performance.
Tissue Culture of Single Rhizome Explants of Dionaea muscipula Ellis ex. L., the Venus Fly-trap, for Rapid Asexual Propagation1
Authors: Parliman Bruce J. , Evans Phillip T. , Rupert Earlene A.
Published: July 2022

A single rhizome explant of the Venus fly-trap has the potential to produce 14 or more rooted plantlets in 40 to 60 days when cultured on a medium containing half strength Murashige and Skoog salts, organic components, naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at 1.9 mg/liter and 6-benzylamino purine (BA) at 0.2 mg/liter. Cultures were grown in 16 hour cycles of Cool White fluorescent light at 23° to 26°C. Explants derived from either lateral buds or adventitious buds from leaf cuttings have equal potential for rapid multiplication. This same medium produced optimum plantlet size and quality. Supplementing the basal medium with 0.3 or 1.0 mg/liter of GA3 decreased the number of explants and increased the size of plantlets prior to acclimatization. Media containing higher and lower salt concentrations and higher and lower IAA, NAA, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), BA, or 6(γ,γ, dimethylallylamino)-purine (2ip), produced fewer plantlets while increasing deleterious effects. The rapid plantlet multiplication procedure described will increase commercial availability of the plants while decreasing collection pressures on wild germplasm pools.