bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance Study of Cement Concrete Containing Natural Zeolite Powder and Glass Powder as Partial Replacement of Cement
Authors: Gatti Gopichand , Singh Rahul Kumar , Kumar V Pavan
Published: October 2024

Concrete, as a fundamental construction material, is constantly evolving to enhance its performance and sustainability. This study explores the effects of incorporating natural zeolite powder and glass powder as partial replacements for cement in M50 grade concrete. The experimental investigation evaluates the compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths of concrete specimens at 7, 14, and 28 days. Concrete mixtures containing various proportions of zeolite powder (10%, 20%, 30%) and glass powder (10%, 20%, 30%), both individually and in combination, were prepared and tested. Results indicate that the inclusion of zeolite and glass powders positively influences the strength properties of concrete, with certain mixes outperforming conventional concrete. The analysis of experimental data provides insights into the strength enhancement mechanisms and underscores the potential of these supplementary materials to improve the durability and sustainability of concrete structures. These findings contribute to the development of eco-friendly and high-performance concrete, advancing the field of construction materials engineering.
Two Accreditation Options for Biorepositories
Authors: Davis Richard C. , Rose Joan , Ellis Helena J. , Zmuda Erik , Leelatian Nalin , Summers Thomas , Obeng Rebecca , Vaught Jim , Ramirez Nilsa C. , McCall Shannon J.
Published: October 2024

Context.—

Biomedical research relies on available biomaterials and associated data, and the quality of this starting material can have a significant impact on the quality of the experimental results. In the 2000s, best-practice documents and guidelines for biorepositories were published, followed in the 2010s by standards documents used to support accreditation. The College of American Pathologists Biorepository Accreditation Program and the International Standards Organization’s standard 20387 were launched in 2012 and 2018, respectively.

Objective.—

To identify quantitative and qualitative differences between the two aforementioned biorepository accreditation standards for use by the larger biomedical research community; the results will empower biorepositories to select an accreditation program that best fits their goals.

Design.—

Individual requirements of both accreditation standards were identified and a bidirectional crosswalk was performed to identify gaps. Requirements were assigned to one of several standardized categories to enable comparison of the relative emphasis of different categories between the standards.

Results.—

Quantitatively, the College of American Pathologists program is comprehensive and stands alone, with 523 requirements, whereas the International Standards Organization program contains 167 requirements and is comprehensive through its incorporation and reference to numerous related standards documents. Qualitatively, both programs rely heavily on the implementation of an overarching quality management system and both programs can accommodate different types of biobanks (eg, human and animal).

Conclusions.—

The standards differ in number of requirements, distribution of requirements across categories, and amount of reliance on separate standard documents. This information may aid in selection of an appropriate accreditation standard.
Schweizerisches Erbrecht, Januar-April 2024
Authors: Boente Walter , Tanner Katia
Published: October 2024

Ent­spre­chend dem Ziel der «Zeit­schrif­ten des Rechts», die von Tag zu Tag anschwel­len­den und zuneh­mend ver­streu­ten Ver­öf­fent­li­chun­gen zum Recht zu sam­meln, zu sich­ten und hier­aus eine Aus­wahl aktu­ell beson­ders lesens­wer­ter Texte zu tref­fen, wird mit dieser Aus­gabe eine Aus­wahl der Schrif­ten zum schwei­ze­ri­schen Erbrecht aus dem Zeitraum Januar-April 2024 vor­ge­legt.
Role of Eco-spirituality in Psychological Well-Being of Selected Working Women
Authors: Quilon Annabelle
Published: October 2024

This study intended to determine the role of ecospirituality in the psychological well-being of selected working women in Metro Manila; thus, casual research design as well as a cross-sectional survey were utilized in this study. Moreover, this study aimed to identify the level of ecospirituality and psychological well-being of the participants.  A total of 574 working women in Metro Manila were conveniently selected.  They participated and voluntarily answered the survey questionnaires, such as the Ecospirituality Scale and the Psychological Well-being Scale.  The Ecospirituality Scale measures emotional and spiritual states about nature and has five aspects such as dwelling, caring, revering, experiencing, and relating.  Moreover, the Psychological Well-being Scale measured six aspects of wellbeing and happiness, such as autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, positive relations with others, purpose in life, and self-acceptance.  Findings revealed that working women were low in dwelling, caring, revering, experiencing, and relating the same as with psychological well-being in terms of personal growth and personal relations with others.  On the other hand, they were high in psychological well-being as to autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, and self-acceptance.  Findings also revealed that ecospirituality in terms of caring predicts psychological well-being as to autonomy and personal relations with others. Likewise, ecospirituality in terms of dwelling predicts environmental mastery. Further, ecospirituality in terms of relating predicts psychological well-being as to personal growth, personal relations with others, and purpose in life.  On the other hand, all aspects of ecospirituality do not predict psychological well-being as to self-acceptance. It can be concluded that working women’s life fulfillment and happiness were influenced by their spiritual connection with nature; hence, the need to design an employee development program focused on ecopsychology was recommended.
Laudato Si’: Articulation of its Message and the SVD’s Response
Authors: Gutierrez Joselito , Mendoza Jan Kevin , Cercado Jefrey , Paganao, Jr. Sergio
Published: October 2024

“Laudato Si, mi’ Signore” is a papal encyclical written by Pope Francis and published on May 24, 2015. Intended for all the people, the Holy Father discussed the state of the planet Earth, our common home, and his concern for our future and the future of the coming generations. The document dealt with environmental concerns grounded on theological and spiritual principles.  The aim of this paper is to articulate the message of the document and propose how the encyclical can be of use in mitigating global concerns about environmental degradation. This research paper used the “see-judge-act” method to do a theological reflection. For the “see” part, researchers brought to light the nation's current state of the environment of Laudato Si’ in the Philippines. For the “judge” part, researchers discussed pieces of literature that articulated the encyclical, particularly focusing on the “Gospel of Creation.” Finally, for the “act” part, the researchers featured the SVD Laudato Si’ Farm of the SVD (Societas Verbi Divini) priests, brothers, and missionaries in Tagaytay City as a concrete expression of their response to the challenges of Pope Francis’ Laudato Si’. The research paper concluded with recommendations for urgent actions, that is, ecological conversion – an encounter with Jesus that leads to meaningful communion with God, other people, and nature. It confronts us to live Laudato Si’ and embrace it as life’s spirituality.
Effect of Various Carbon Coating Techniques on the Electrochemical Performance of Li4Ti5O12 Synthesized by Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Slamet Priyono  , Jan Setiawan  , , Wahyu Bambang Widayatno  , Akhmad Herman Yuwono1
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to prepare spinel carbon-coated Li4Ti5O12 (LTO/C) via sol-gel reaction and applied as a high-performance lithium-ion battery anode. The LTO powder was coated using various carbon sources, super P (SP), sugar and PVDF-assisted SP. The crystal structure, morphology, conductivity and electrochemical performance of the samples were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Cyclic Voltammetry/Charge-discharge (CV/CD), respectively. The XRD analysis results showed that the samples contain highly crystalline spinel LTO as the main phase and rutile as impurity. The FESEM image showed that SP covers the entire LTO surface more homogenous than sugar. However, sugar carbon makes roughness on the LTO surface. FTIR spectra showed that the coating using sugar and PVDF still contain hydrocarbon element. Electrochemical performance evaluations showed that SP carbon-coated-LTO possesses higher lithium diffusion and specific capacity than pure LTO, while sugar-coated-LTO shows the lowest specific capacity. Moreover, the SP carbon-coated-LTO sample high-rate capability has improved during full cell evaluation, delivering a discharge capacity of 249, 231, 211, 194, 58, and 23 mAhg-1 at the charge or discharge current density of 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, and 10 C, respectively.
Synthesis and Characterizations of Nano Magnetic Particles (Co- Ni Fe2O4) Ferrite by Co-precipitation and Biomedical Application
Authors: Marwa H. Sabbar  , T. H. Mubarak  , Nada S. Ahmad
Published: October 2024

Characterization of Cox-1Nix Fe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) employing X-ray diffraction and fieldemission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was accomplished simply by chemical coprecipitation,FTIR and finally the Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer (VSM), the singlephasecubic spinel structure in X-ray diffraction. In FESEM, micrographs of Co ferritesnanoparticles that are virtually spherical can be seen with grain sizes of less than 20 nm.Two absorption bands are visible in the FTIR spectrum, with values ranging from 400-600cm. These beams show that all of the samples have a ferrite spectral composition.Preparation of samples yielded M-H curves because of the tight turn, which means the papersamples are soft magnetic material in the VSM. Antibacterial activity of Cox-1Nix Fe2O4 NPsin limiting the development of isolated pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and E.coli was studied to compare their effects with the traditional antibiotics used before. UsingCox-1Nix Fe2O4 nanoparticles, it has been found that the nanoparticles release ions into theenvironment, which interacts with the group (-SH) of proteins, resulting in the defection ofbacteria's cell membranes and the subsequent cell death.
Deposition of Titanium Dioxide Particles on Kanthal Coils by Direct Heating Technique for Photodegradation of Methylene Blue Solution
Authors: Guan Sheng Ng  , Chee Meng Koe  , Swee-Yong Pung
Published: October 2024

Organic dyes are extensively used in textile and batik industry. Dispose of untreated dye effluent into water system is hazardous to human and environment. Advanced oxidation process (AOPs) based on heterogeneous TiO2 photocatalyst is proven for effluent treatment. Immobilization of TiO2 photocatalyst on supporting substrate is one of the research focuses to realize its application in industry to minimize the loss of TiO2 photocatalyst over time during effluent treatment. Many synthesis techniques have been used to grow TiO2 photocatalyst on supporting substrates. However, these synthesis techniques are either time- or cost-consuming. In this work, a novel direct heating (DH) technique has been developed for the first time to deposit TiO2 particles on kanthal coils. The optimum deposition of TiO2 particles was achieved in 15 min using 60 W. The TiO2 particles contained mixture of anatase (82.7%) and brookite (17.3%), with an average particle size of 167.36±15.37 nm. The surface coverage of TiO2 particles on kanthal wire was good, with minimum agglomeration. The TiO2 particles deposited on kanthal coils recorded 43.7% of photodegradation efficiency in methylene blue removal under UV light.
Taguchi Method for p-MOS Threshold Voltage Optimization with a Gate Length of 22nm
Authors: Ejournal-unimap Ejournal-unimap
Published: October 2024

This paper describes the virtual design of a 22nm gate length p-type metal oxide semiconductor, PMOS. Silvaco, TCAD tools were used to fabricate the device design and to characterize the device’s electrical properties. Fixed field scaling rules are applied to obtain the transistor’s electrical parameters set by ITRS 2013. In order to take the challenges that arise in the fabrication of nano-sized transistors and enhance their performance, advanced and novel technologies are applied. Using the statistical modelling of L9 Taguchi methodology, the development process is primarily focused on the tool's edge voltage. Four parameters have been divided into three distinct steps in order to conduct nine different experiments. The final confirmation result indicates that VTH is closer to the nominal value -0.206V following optimization techniques. This matches the ITRS 2013 requirements for high performance. This paper examines the design of a p-MOS double gate containing a layer of graphene as it is known to have a high mobility value.
The Effect of Seeding Method on The Growth of Zinc Oxide Nanorods
Authors: Yasmin. Z  , M. I. Idris  , H. H. M Yusof  , Z. A. F. M. Napiah  , M. Rashid  , M. N. Shah Zainudin  , H. Zainuddin
Published: October 2024

The paper presents the investigation of the method of seeding process for the growth of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods (NRs) on the glass substrate as an electron transport layer (ETL) for solar cells. The ZnO NRs were grown by using the hydrothermal method. The seeding process was done via average deposition of zinc crystallite on the glass surface, and the process was compared between with and without spin coating technique. The effect of spin coating parameters during seeding phase on the growth of ZnO nanorods was also investigated in this study. It was found that the sample prepared using the unfiltered solution without spin coating in the seeding phase exhibited the densest ZnO NRs layer with the highest absorption coefficient and high crystallinity.
New Comprehensive Stability and Sensitivity Analysis on Graphene Nanoribbon Interconnects Parameters
Authors: Zahra Zamini  , Sevda Taheri  , Babak Roshanipour  , Masoud Maboudi
Published: October 2024

Based on the transmission line modeling for multilayer graphene nanoribbon (MGNR) interconnects, system stability was studied on intrinsic parameters. In addition to width,length and height variation, dielectric constant, permeability and Fermi velocity path change in multilayer graphene nanoribbon (MGNR) interconnects are analyzed. In thispaper, the obtained results show with increasing dielectric constant and decreasing permeability, Fermi velocity system becomes more stable. Nyquist diagram and stepresponse method results confirm these and are matched with physical parameter variation like resistance, capacitance and inductance in the following sensitivity analysis results where it shows with increasing width and length, sensitivity will decrease and increase respectively. Impulse response diagram results show with increasing 50% width, sensitivity will be zero but with increasing 50% length, amplitude will decrease and the time of setting will increase. On the other hand, from the step response of the transfer function, both width and length increase cause more stability for a system but the width parameter will be a better choice for manipulating the dimension of MGNR to reach a stable system.
Microbial Activity of TiO2 NPs via Two Phases Synthesized by The Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Firas. H. Ibrahim  , Olfat.A. Mahmoud
Published: October 2024

TiO2 titanium dioxide nano phases of anatase and rutile were controlled only by temperature control of the calcination process, which is a cheap technical technique, and were organized using a sol-gel process, which involved mixing titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) with ethanol as starting materials, as well as heating at various temperatures (650, 850 ℃ ). The fundamental properties of the as-prepared nanomaterials were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). The antibacterial activity of TiO2 was next investigated using two strains of E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus bacteria. The TiO2 structure has a dominating phase of 650 °C in addition to rutile at 850 °C, with an average volume of crystalline (D) of 21.9 nm for the anatase phase and 30.41 nm for the rutile phase. According to XRD data, the spherical shape of the rutile phase is clearly evident in the TEM of TiO2 NPs, the tetragonal shape is clearly seen in the anatase, and the calcination process had a major effect on the crystal size. According to FTIR analysis, the majority of peaks are seen between 400 and 700 cm-1 as a result of bending and oscillation lengthening. The studies demonstrated that TiO2, in both protease and rutile forms, is a highly efficient antibacterial that can be used as a self-cleaning exterior to exterior surfaces (windows) as well as in bio-penetration places like hospitals and medical clinics.
Nano Hydroxyapatite (Nano-HA) Based on Pholas Orientalis Shells and Degradation Analysis
Authors: Mohd Riza Mohd Roslan  , Nashrul Fazli Mohd Nasir  , Nur Farahiyah Mohammad  , Farah Diana Mohd Daud  , Cheng Ee Meng  , Beh Chong You
Published: October 2024

Millions of tons of seashells are produced every day as waste around the world. These underutilized seashells waste was executed as calcium precursor by researcher to synthesis the nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA). Nano-HA was successfully synthesised from Pholas Orientalis seashells waste via the chemical precipitation method. Different sintering temperatures were implemented to evaluate the physicochemical criteria of nano-HA. The obtained powders were examined by various physicochemical methods such as XRD, FTIR, FESEM, EDX and degradation analysis. The peaks in XRD and FTIR analysis the HA is successfully produced. The FESEM images on the other hand showing the HA particle in nano size range with rice-like structure. Meanwhile, a variation of Ca/P ratio can be observed in respect to sintering temperatures. The Ca/P ratio for HA-WS, HA-S500 and HA-S700 sample is 1.78, 2.03 and 1.57 respectively. Different sintering temperatures result in different crystallinity value which consequently affects its degradation profile.
RKFD Scheme for Quantum Reflection Model of Bose-Einstein Condensates (BEC) from Silicon Surface
Authors: H.A. Musyayyadah  , A. Ripai  , M.N.A. Halif
Published: October 2024

We applied the numerical combination of Runge-Kutta and Finite Difference (RKFD) scheme for a quantum reflection model of Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) from a silicon surface. It is by the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE), a non-linear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) in the context of quantum mechanics. The role of cut-off potential δ and negative imaginary potential Vim is essential to estimating non-interacting BEC reflection models. Relying on these features, we performed a numerical simulation of the BEC quantum reflection model and calculated the effect of reflection probability R versus incident speed vx. The model is based on the three rapid potential variations: positive-step potential +Vstep, negative-step potential -Vstep, and Casimir-Polder potential VCP. As a result, the RKFP numerical scheme was successfully set up and applied to the quantum reflection model of BEC from the silicon surface. The numerical simulations results show that the reflection probability R decays exponentially to the incident speed vx.
Fabrication and Simulation of Silicon Nanowire pH Sensor for Diabetes Mellitus Detection
Authors: C. Y. Chean  , M. N. M. Nuzaihan  , M. F. M. Fathil  , M. I. Hashim  , N. H. A. Halim  , Z. Zailan  , M. K. Md Arshad  , M. Syamsul  , Rozaimah A.T
Published: October 2024

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a disease failed to control the balance of blood sugar level due to lack of insulin thereby it effect human health. In Malaysia, there are around 3.9 millions people aged 18 years old and above have diabetes according to National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019. Silicon Nanowire is a nanostructure which has ultra-high sensitivity and non-radioactive that has potential given good performances when applied on pH sensor and biosensor. Silicon nanowire pH sensor and biosensor is an electronic sensor that investigated to improve the sensitivity and accuracy for detecting DM. This project consists of two parts, which are fabrication of silicon nanowire pH sensor and simulation of silicon nanowire biosensor as preliminary study. In fabrication, silicon nanowire of pH sensor is fabricated by conventional lithography process, reaction ion etching (RIE) and metallization to achieved the width of 100 nm silicon nanowire. The pH6, pH7, pH10 and DI water as analytes to analysis the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of silicon nanowire pH sensor. In second part, the silicon nanowire biosensor as preliminary study is done simulation by Silvaco ATLAS devices simulator. The silicon nanowire with 30 nm in height and 20 nm in width of biosensor is designed and simulated to analyze the performance in terms of sensitivity. I-V characteristics of silicon nanowire biosensor according to different concentration of negative interface charge is determined. The negative interface charge represent as the Retinol Binding Protein 4 (RBP4) which is used to diagnose DM. The I-V characteristic based on the change in current, resistance and conductance to determine sensitivity. Lastly, the sensitivity of silicon nanowire pH sensor obtained 23.9 pS/pH while the sensitivity of simulated silicon nanowire biosensor obtained 3.91 nS/e.cm2. The results shown the more negative charge of concentration analyte attached on surface silicon nanowire has been accumulated more current flow from drain terminal to source terminal. It leads to the resistance becomes highest and obtained good sensitivity. In summary, the silicon nanowire pH sensor exhibited good performance and high sensitivity in detection pH level. The simulated silicon nanowire biosensor is capable of detecting biomolecular interactions charges to obtained high sensitive and accuracy result.
Synthesis of CdTe nanoparticles by PVD Technique and Study their Physical Properties
Authors: Ebtehaj F. Jassem  , Shams B. Ali  , Suad M. Kadhim
Published: October 2024

Nano-crystalline CdTe films were coated on a glass substrate by vacuum evaporation (PVD) technique, with the annealed temperature at (25, 100, 150, and 200 °C). The samples were examined by Uv‒visible instrument to investigate the transmittance and absorption. The dependency of the absorption coefficient (α) on the wavelength has been investigated. The X-ray diffraction revealed that cubic crystalline was obtained and the peak intensity increased as the temperature increased. The crystallite size increased during grans growth when annealed temperature increased. The estimated energy gaps of the CdTe films were 1.86, 1.87, 1.85, and 1.84 eV, due to the differences in particle sizes. Electrical characteristics have been made to detect the resistivity and conductivity and it was found that the resistivity changes directly with the increase of the energy gap and inversely with the increase in the conductivity of the CdTe films. The surface morphology was homogenous and very smooth surfaces were detected.
Effect of CTAB and NaBH4 Solutions on Ti and Cu Nanoparticles Prepared by Pulsed Laser Ablation
Authors: Salma S. Abdullah  , Sabah A. Salman  , A. Kadhim
Published: October 2024

The effect of different media, including cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium borohydride (NaBH4), on the size, shape, optical absorption, and stability of titanium (Ti) and copper (Cu) nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by laser ablation in liquid, was investigated. Ti and Cu NPs were fabricated by irradiating Ti and Cu targets using a Nd:YAG pulsed laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm, an energy of 500 mJ, repetition rate of 1 Hz, and a number of pulses of 1000. Results showed the direct effect of the type of surfactant on the size and size distribution of Ti and Cu NPs under the same laser ablation parameters. Morphological properties were described by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images, which revealed the formation of semispherical particles. The EDS results confirmed the spike-induced synthesis of Ti and Cu in CTAB and NaBH4 solutions. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed the nanostructures of Ti and Cu with spherical particles. The UV-vis absorption spectra showed that the absorption peak of Ti was almost constant at 289 nm, while the peak of Cu disappeared for both solutions. Zeta potential analysis showed that NPs prepared in CTAB solution were more stable than those in NaBH4 solution.
Investigation of the Electrical Characteristics of AlGaN/AlN/GaN Heterostructure MOS-HEMTs with TiO2 High-k Gate Insulator
Authors: Driss Bouguenna  , Abbès Beloufa  , Khaled Hebali  , Sajad Ahmad Loan
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates the impact of TiO2 high-k gate insulator on the electrical characteristics of AlGaN/AlN/GaN MOS-HEMT transistors using MATLAB and Atlas-TCAD simulation software. The physical analytical model of the MOS-HEMTs is used for simulation from Al2O3, HfO2, and TiO2 as the gate dielectric materials, which provide higher performance and reliability of the MOS-HEMT devices. The device shows a good improvement in its result of the DC and AC characteristics with different permittivity of insulator materials. Thus, the DC and AC performance of GaN MOS-HEMTs is higher than with other insulators, such as Al2O3 and HfO2 by using TiO2 as the gate dielectric. Moreover, the simulation results proved that TiO2 is the better gate dielectric material to enhance the electrical reliability of the power switching devices for high-temperature applications such as electric automobiles.
Studying of Mechanical Behavior of Waste Materials Modified Cement Mortar
Authors: Dalia Adil Rasool  , Mais A. Abdulkarem  , Baydaa Jaber Nabhan
Published: October 2024

Large-scale environmental problems have been triggered by ceramic tiles from demolished buildings and animal bone waste. Therefore, optimizing their potential for reuse and recycling is an important goal of sustainable solid waste management. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of partial replacement of the fine aggregates in cement mortar with a combination of natural animal bone powder and industrial waste materials which is wall tiles ceramic powder. This study measures thermal and mechanical characteristics. Recycling construction waste is one of many ways to deny waste material from entering landfills and create new eco-friendly material that reduces energy consumption in buildings. Modified mortar cement specimens with 5% up to 25% mixtures were combined using a 1:3 ratio and a 0.5 W/C ratio to see how the ratios would affect the material’s properties. The addition of a superplasticizer boosted the cement mortar’s workability and compressive strength. The compressive strength, flexural strength, density, and thermal conductivity were evaluated for each mortar mixture ratio. Results showed that compared to regular cement mortar, cement mortar combined with 20% bone and ceramic powder wastes reached the optimal replacement percentage. Compressive strength increased by 54% and flexural strength by about 67%. At the 28-day mark, thermal insulation was lowered by 25%.It is concluded from this study that it is possible to use bone waste as a natural material with ceramic waste as an industrial material to modify the insulation and mechanical properties of cement mortar.
Enhancement of Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Aluminium alloy AA2024 By adding TiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Hamid M. Mahan  , S.V. Konovalov  , Omran A. Shabeeb
Published: October 2024

Modern engineering applications, especially in the automotive and aerospace industries, require essential and appealing properties such as lightweight with high strength and resistance. The key objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on the microstructure, impact strength, hardness and wear resistance of the stir cast aluminum alloy AA2024, An aluminium alloy was reinforced with different mass fractions (0 %, 2.5 %, 5 %, 7.5 %) of titanium dioxide nanoparticles by stir casting followed by solution annealing at 500°C for 3 h, quenching in water and aging at 175°C for 3 h. Results showed that regular morphology and fine grain size of primary AA2024 particles are achieved after the addition of 2.5 wt.% TiO2 compared to the sample without the addition of nanoparticles composite. In addition, it was found that adding nanoparticles increased energy absorption, and this effect is improved by increasing impact strength by adding nanoparticles, the impact strength increased from 5 j/m2 to 7 j/m2 at 5%. At the same time, the increase of nanoparticles effect decreases the mass losses (increase in wear resistance). With a weight fraction of 5 wt.% TiO2, the alloy exhibits the highest value of hardness.
Synthesis of Few Layers Graphene Sheets from Graphite Rod via Electrochemical Exfoliation
Authors: Siti Nur Adlina Norazman  , W. W. Liu
Published: October 2024

Graphene has many excellent properties in mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, optical transparency and thermal conductivity. The basic unit of graphene is made of hexagonal ring of carbon shape. The production of graphene in large amounts can be done using conventional ways such as chemical vapour deposition (CVD). However, the cost production is very high due to high reaction temperature. Therefore, electrochemical exfoliation could become a promising method in future because of its simple, low cost and large-scale production. Electrochemical method is performed in the manner by connecting the graphite rod to the positive terminal (anode) while the copper sheet is connected to the negative terminal (cathode) and both of were immersed into electrolyte with a distance between them. Then, due to the potential difference, the exfoliation of graphite into graphene sheets occurs. X-Ray Diffraction revealed that high amount of exfoliated graphene sheets was synthesized successfully where the peak was seen at approximately 26.60°. Fourier Transform Infrared confirmed the synthesized of graphene oxide (GO) sheets (by using H2SO4 as electrolyte) shows the higher intensity of O-H band because of strongest oxidation behaviour of H2SO4 acid among all electrolytes used in experiment. Besides. SEM images show that the morphologies of the exfoliated graphene sheets have stacked, flaky-like, wrinkled and crumpled structures.
Public Relations Marketing Strategy in Building Brand Awareness Using Product Bundling
Authors: Dewata Marcellinus Dedo Advent , Wijaya Lina Sinatra
Published: October 2024

Digital media as a marketing platform today results in increased business competition to capture market share. This research aims to analyze whether using PR marketing strategies, specifically bundled products, can increase brand awareness. The study is descriptive qualitative research, utilizing primary data collected through observation and interviews. The sample consists of 20 respondents, including staff, Anak Panah Kopi employees, and public members in Salatiga. The results concluded that the public relations marketing activities by Anak Panah Kopi to increase brand awareness can be seen in the push and pull strategies. Push strategy uses an interpersonal approach to customers by prioritizing good service. While implementing the pull strategy, Anak Panah Kopi innovates products, provides discounts and bundling promos, collaborates with several influencers, and conducts marketing campaigns by displaying exciting content on Instagram social media to market its products.
Introduction to the Transformative Potential of the Internet of Things (IoT) in East Africa
Authors:   School of Mathematics and Computing, Kampala International University Uganda, Arinze Echegu Darlington , Agwu Chukwuemeka Odi ,   School of Mathematics and Computing, Kampala International University, Uganda
Published: October 2024

The internet of things (IoT) has emerged as a global transformational force, connecting physical devices and transmitting data remotely over the internet. In East Africa, this shift has the potential to bring socio-economic development by solving local challenges. The region-specific topics are mentioned here. Various diverse economies and cultures within the region have already started to use IoT in agriculture, healthcare, transportation, and utilities. This abstract primarily focuses on presenting the key concepts, challenges, and opportunities associated with IoT networking in East Africa. The author highlights the potential of IoT in addressing social issues and promoting sustainable growth. The study examines the networking aspects of IoT, the social and economic factors that influence its adoption, state policies, financial incentives, and the role of public-private partnerships. This study likely takes into account network infrastructure, which includes broadband connectivity and emerging buzzwords such as LoRaWAN and NB-IoT, and also discusses the obstacles associated with these technologies. This study investigates emerging buzzwords such as LoRaWAN and NB-IoT, as well as the challenges associated with these technologies. This study unveils the role of IoT in East Africa, highlighting its usefulness in sectors such as agriculture, healthcare, transport, and utilities. It highlights its role in combating various issues, enhancing productivity, and promoting inclusivity. It addresses various issues and contributes to boosting access, productivity, and inclusive growth. We utilised relevant published data (2004–2014) from diverse, reliable databases. Therefore, policymakers must emphasise the need for broad IoT policies, investment in digital infrastructure, and inter-sectoral coordination to fully leverage the IoT opportunities for the sustainable development of East Africa. Keywords: Internet of Things (IoT), East Africa, socio-economic development, networking infrastructure, transformative potential.
A visit from the Oriental Stork
Authors: Zauner Hans
Published: October 2024

This week in GigaScience we published a new genomic analysis of the endangered Oriental Stork, bringing good news: The population’s genetic health is still surprisingly strong, with high genetic diversity and low levels of inbreeding.

Climate change, forest wildfires, hunting and the expansion of agriculture, industry and other human activities threaten the Oriental Stork (

Ciconia boyciana

), which is listed as
rOpenSci News Digest, October 2024
Authors:   The rOpenSci Team
Published: October 2024

Dear rOpenSci friends, it’s time for our monthly news roundup!
Tax Challenges and Potential Opportunities Arising from Decentralized Autonomous Organizations
Authors: Müller R. (Robert)
Published: October 2024

In this article, the author discusses how decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs), as blockchain-based electronic entities, are well-suited to a global digital economy. While challenges related to taxation persist, the author highlights the potential for more efficient tax collection in a digitally integrated world.
La reparación del daño en mujeres afectadas por prácticas de abuso sexual basado en imágenes en España
Authors: G. Lorca Jacinto
Published: October 2024

La difusión de imágenes íntimas sin consentimiento es un tipo de abuso sexual basado en imágenes sobre el cual falta conocimiento empírico sobre cómo reparar el daño que genera desde la perspectiva de las víctimas-supervivientes. Para estudiar este fenómeno se entrevistó a afectadas de la práctica residentes en España y a expertas en violencia sexual digital. Las víctimas-supervivientes describen la experiencia de la agresión como una intrusión en su intimidad y afirman estar en constante alerta para actuar rápidamente en caso de que vuelva a ocurrir. De los resultados se desprende que el proceso de la reparación es muy personal y que el acompañamiento de personas de confianza es fundamental. Las peticiones más frecuentes de las afectadas para reparar el daño incluyen la eliminación permanente del contenido y conocer la identidad del agresor. Sin embargo, la supresión de las fotos de Internet no se considera una solución definitiva, ya que persiste el miedo a que se repita el abuso. Por último, las expertas coinciden en que la reparación del daño debe hacerse a medida de cada afectada y que la reparación tiene que ocupar un lugar central en la justicia feminista.
Production of High-temperature Structural Materials Using a Slurry-based Feedstock Process Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing (MEX-AM) Of Copper Heat Sinks: Process Development, Product Design, And Process Optimization
Authors: Kate Kunal H , Aparna Munjuluri Krishna Sai , Kumar Ajjarapu Kameswara Pavan , Roussel Thomas J , Bhatia Bikram
Published: October 2024

This study explores the utilization of two types of gyroid lattice structures in the design of copper heat sinks manufactured through extrusion metal 3D printing. Feedstocks and filaments of copper powder-polymer system with 61 vol% were made and used to 3D print circular and rectangular gyroid lattice structures. After fabrication, the heat sinks underwent crucial processes including debinding, sintering, and HIP treatments to ensure structural robustness and density. The efficiency of the heat sinks was assessed based on their stabilization temperature and time required for stabilization under a constant power supply of 1W. Furthermore, the impact of glass bead blasting on overall efficiency was investigated. Results revealed that the rectangular gyroid lattice heat sink outperformed its circular counterpart, exhibiting a greater temperature reduction post-glass bead blasting treatment. This suggests that post-processing techniques like bead blasting can significantly enhance heat sink performance by augmenting surface area with micro-pit sites.
Effect Of Powder Variability (Batch, Reuse And Storage) In A Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process
Authors: Gaillard G. , Soulier M. , Flament C. , Faucherand P. , Bonnefoy V. , Chastand V. , Marchand-Maillet C. , Bonnefont G.
Published: October 2024

Powder characteristics in a laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process have a major impact on the quality of the parts produced [1] [2]. An in-depth study was done to assess the effect of powder properties on LPBF-densified materials, focusing on two alloys (titanium and aluminum). Both powders were processed in a wide range of conditions in order to determine their induced effects: batch variability at specification thresholds, powder after multiple reuses and storage-aged powder. For each configuration, the powders and the LPBF-densified materials were subjected to physical, chemical, microstructural and mechanical analyses. The study of the effects of powder characteristics led to define recommendations for the management of supply, reuse and storage so as to optimize production costs while maintaining an acceptable quality level.
Using In-Situ Process Monitoring To Enhance The Homogeneity Of Printed Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Microstructures At Overhangs
Authors: Power John , Humphreys Owen , Hartnet Mark , Dowling Denis
Published: October 2024

The evolution of laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) has provided increased design flexibility in the fabrication of a range of parts, including aerospace components and medical devices. The presence of overhangs in metal alloy print structures, however, can give rise to enhanced levels of print defects such as porosity. This is associated with overheating of the alloy meltpool in the region around the overhang structures. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of in-situ meltpool process monitoring as a route to assist laser parameter optimisation for printed Ti-6Al-4V alloy parts. Informed by the observations from the process monitoring of the laser meltpool, the laser parameters are controlled to prevent overheating in the area around the overhang, yielding a more homogeneous printed part's microstructure. In addition to microstructure optimisation, the enhanced control of the L-PBF process yielded an 88% reduction in overhang roughness (Ra) and a 75% reduction in porosity.
Influence of Powder Characteristics on Mechanical Behavior of Additively Manufactured Alloys
Authors: Salam Shahzad , Mitama Ichiro , Sakata Takuma
Published: October 2024

Powder quality is a critical processing parameter in powder-based metal additive manufacturing that can affect both the processability and mechanical properties of the manufactured parts. While commercially available powders come in various shapes, sizes, and distributions, it is essential to understand the impact of these powder characteristics on the finished product. This study investigates the correlation between powder characteristics and stress-rupture behavior of IN718 alloy. Test samples were fabricated using laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) with powders of varying characteristics. The results indicate that the samples fabricated with powder of optimal characteristics contained fewer microstructural defects resulting in a significant 13-fold improvement in rupture-life. The aim of this article is to discuss these powder effects and provide a basis for producing final components with consistent mechanical properties
Corrosion And Tribological Characterizations Of A Recycled Tungsten Carbide Powder
Authors: Mégret Alexandre , Prince Loïc , Vitry Véronique , Delaunois Fabienne
Published: October 2024

Recycling end-of-life tungsten carbide tools is important to encounter the issues linked to critical raw materials (CRM). Indeed, cobalt and tungsten have been listed as critical by the European Commission since 2011. Previous studies have characterized a recycled powder in terms of densification, microstructure, and mechanical properties, leading to interesting properties compared to conventional powders.\n The study of corrosion and tribological properties was not characterized although they are essential to understand the interactions between the cemented carbide tool and other materials. In this study, parts made from recycled tungsten carbide powder containing 7.5 wt.% cobalt have been sintered to evaluate their corrosion properties (open-circuit potential, polarizations…) and their tribological properties (friction coefficient, wear mechanisms…).
A Study on a Method of Sinter Joining in the Metal Injection Moulding Process
Authors: Luoto Mikael , Daenicke Enrico , Müller Ralf , Hartwig Thomas
Published: October 2024

Although Metal Injection Moulding (MIM) is a process for parts with complex designs, not all geometries are feasible. The goal of the project was to find a way to bond individually moulded parts before the sintering step and to assess the quality of the achieved sinter joining. Material Inconel 713 Low Carbon was selected for this study. The bonding of the parts was realized by applying adhesive pastes on the parts after solvent extraction. The mechanical properties of sinter joined parts were assessed by using tensile, fatigue (low cycle) and creep (stress rupture) tests. The tensile test showed that the proof stress and ultimate tensile strength were comparable to unjoined baseline material, but a drop in elongation was observed. The creep properties were similar to unjoined baseline material, but a decrease of fatigue properties was measured. A “housing” geometry that is not producible using the conventional MIM-process was manufactured as a demonstrator and it showed that it is plausible that sinter joining could be used for serial production.
Recent non-marine ostracods (Crustacea) from New Caledonia (Melanesia, Pacific Ocean)
Authors:   State University of Maringá (UEM), Centre of Biological Sciences (CCB), Centre of Research in Limnology, Ichthyology and Aquaculture (Nupélia), Graduate Program in Ecology of Inland Water Ecosystems (PEA), Higuti Janet , Martens Koen ,   Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Natural Environments, Freshwater Biology,   Ghent University, Dept. Biology
Published: October 2024

The New Caledonian Archipelago is a hot spot for biodiversity and endemism. Here, we report on new records of nine species from localities on the main island, Grande Terre, and illustrate these: Ilyodromus viridulus (Brady, 1886), Stenocypris hislopi Ferguson, 1969, S. macedonica Petkovski & Meisch, 1996¸ S. malayica Victor & Fernando, 1981, Bradleytriebella lineata (Victor & Fernando, 1981), Hemicypris pyxidata (Moniez, 1892), Heterocypris incongruens (Ramdohr, 1808), Cypridopis vidua (O.F. Müller, 1776) and Limnocythere stationis Vávra, 1891. We also provide redescriptions and illustrations of the valves and carapace of Stenocypris marginata Daday, 1910 sensu Méhes, 1939, Cypris granulata Daday, 1898 and Kennethia major (Méhes, 1939); for the latter species also including some soft parts. Therefore, twenty two certain species have thus far been reported from the New Caledonian Archipelago. The status of seven uncertain species is also discussed. Previous records of Stenocypris major (Baird, 1859) from Grande Terre, mainly by Méhes, are here considered to belong to S. hislopi. We propose to reject the presence of Cyprinotus cingalensis Brady, 1886 in New Caledonia and suggest to consider Cypridopsis sarasini Méhes, 1939 as an “uncertain species” (sensu Meisch et al. 2019). We also argue that Eucypris wolffhuegeli Méhes, 1914 might be a synonym of H. incongruens and suggest that Strandesia rouxi Méhes, 1939 might be considered a junior synonym of an existing species, pending further research.
Getting a Grip on Migration but Mind European Law!
Authors: Nicolosi Salvatore
Published: October 2024

On September 13, the new Dutch government led by Dick Schoof outlined its programme for the next years. Unsurprisingly, a major point of this programme regards asylum and migration, for which the greatest ambition is to install the strictest regime ever and to include the Netherlands within the category of Member States of the European Union with the strictest admission rules. This post reviews these proposals through the lens of European Law to challenge their legal feasibility and flag the potential incompatibility with Dutch obligations stemming from EU and international law.
Intervención del trabajador social y servicios sociales de personas con discapacidad
Authors: Jalil Panta Ruth Noemi , Romero Chávez Sandra Auxiliadora
Published: October 2024

La intervención del Trabajador Social en el ámbito de la discapacidad ha representado una relevancia en el campo de los servicios sociales, especialmente en programas diseñados para la atención en los hogares y la comunidad. El papel del Trabajador Social es crucial en la interacción con personas con discapacidad en zonas rurales donde el acceso a servicios es limitado y las barreras para la inclusión son significativas, buscando identificar fortalezas y desafíos en la implementación de políticas sociales. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la intervención del Trabajador Social y los servicios sociales de personas con discapacidad, del cantón San Isidro. Durante el proceso de estudio se utilizó una metodología mixta, con un enfoque cualitativo-cuantitativo para analizar las experiencias de cuidadores y trabajadores sociales. Se aplicaron técnicas como la encuesta y entrevistas semiestructurada y los instrumentos fueron el cuestionario de preguntas y la guía de preguntas para obtener una visión integral del impacto del programa de Atención en el Hogar y la Comunidad (A.H.C.). Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que hay que mejorar las prácticas profesionales y fortalecer las políticas públicas para una inclusión efectiva de personas con discapacidad en la región, concluyendo que la intervención del profesional de Trabajo Social requiere un enfoque crítico y adaptativo, promoviendo la inclusión y el bienestar social mediante estrategias personalizadas que aborden las necesidades específicas y promuevan el respeto por los derechos humanos.