bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Pedagogia Retórica em Jean-Jacques Rousseau e John Dewey
Authors: Sbrana Roberta Aline , Cunha Marcus Vinicius
Published: October 2019

Este trabalho analisa as relações teóricas entre Jean-Jacques Rousseau e John Dewey por meio dos referenciais da Sofística, cujas contribuições filosóficas e educacionais têm sido revistas em divergência com a interpretação oriunda de Platão. A análise permite situar os dois autores na tradição discursiva retórica, da qual deriva uma forma discursiva elaborada em resposta a situações conflituosas denominadas situações retóricas. Essa forma discursiva é caracterizada pelo uso de decorum e kairós, os quais operam conjuntamente para examinar a origem e o desenvolvimento de atuais visando propor o rompimento com a situação vigente. Assim, Rousseau e Dewey podem ser associados à pedagogia que utiliza essa forma discursiva, a pedagogia retórica, cuja meta é formar o indivíduo para atuar como cidadão, privilegiando o seu potencial criativo para elaborar consensos voltados à deliberação e à ação em momentos críticos da vida social. O trabalho é finalizado com a apresentação da forma discursiva típica de todo discurso retórico, a antilógica, a qual se identifica em ambos os pensadores.
Perspectivas comparadas de processos avaliativos da Educação Superior
Authors: Kapczynski Ana Lucia
Published: October 2019

O texto, trata-se de resenha crítica do livro Avaliação do Ensino Superior: perspectivas comparadas, organizada por Gionara Tauchen e Altair Alberto Fávero, publicado pela CRV em 2018. A obra é composta por sete capítulos escritos por autores/as que discutem a pesquisa comparada em Educação Superior, com foco nos retratos da avaliação a partir dos marcos legais e das políticas de acreditação de qualidade. O livro correlaciona mecanismos regulatórios globais e locais do Brasil, México, Cabo Verde, Inglaterra e Portugal e compara contextos particulares de alguns educandários entre si.
Prática pedagógica no ensino público: o estágio como elo entre a teoria e a prática, a experiência e a inovação
Authors: Rabelo Amanda Oliveira
Published: October 2019

Resumo:Esta investigaçãopretendeucaptar as percepções dos docentes da educação infantil e séries iniciais do ensino fundamental sobre a relação teoria/prática, especialmente vivenciada com a recepção de estagiários, tivemos como base o aporte teórico das pesquisas sobre estágio efetuadas por Francisco (2006), Pimenta e Lima, (2005-2006)e Lima (2008), bem como a proposta metodológica de Sampieri, Collado, e Lucio (2006) de um modelo multimodal/misto de investigação (unindo aporte quantitativo e qualitativo). Para captar tais percepçõesaplicamos um questionário a docentesda educação infantil e anos iniciais do ensino fundamental das escolas públicas do Noroeste Fluminense. Concluímos sobre a necessidade de articulaçãoda teoria/prática no estágioe prática pedagógica dos/as estagiários/as e docentes, incentivando inovações nas práticas pedagógicas e contribuindo para as melhorias locais.
The IL-12– and IL-23–Dependent NK Cell Response Is Essential for Protective Immunity against Secondary Toxoplasma gondii Infection
Authors: Ivanova Daria L. , Mundhenke Tiffany M. , Gigley Jason P.
Published: October 2019

NK cells can develop cell-intrinsic memory-like characteristics. Whether they develop these characteristics during Toxoplasma gondii infection is unknown. We addressed this question and dissected the mechanisms involved in secondary NK cell responses using a vaccine-challenge mouse model of T. gondii infection. NK cells were required for control of and survival after secondary T. gondii infection. NK cells increased in number at the reinfection site and produced IFN-γ. To test if these T. gondii experienced NK cells were intrinsically different from naive NK cells, we performed NK cell adoptive transfer into RAG2/cγ-chain−/− mice, NK cell fate mapping, and RAG1−/− mice vaccine-challenge experiments. Although NK cells contributed to immunity after reinfection, they did not develop cell-intrinsic memory-like characteristics after T. gondii vaccination. The mechanisms required for generating these secondary NK cell responses were investigated. Secondary NK cell responses were CD4+ or CD8+ T cell independent. Although IL-12 alone is required for NK cell IFN-γ production during primary T. gondii infection, in the absence of IL-12 using IL-12p35−/− mice or anti–IL-12p70, secondary NK cell responses were only partially reduced after reinfection. IL-23 depletion with anti–IL-23p19 in vivo also significantly reduced the secondary NK cell response. IL-12 and IL-23 blockade with anti–IL-12p40 treatment completely eliminated secondary NK cell responses. Importantly, blockade of IL-12, IL-23, or both significantly reduced control of parasite reinfection and increased parasite burden. Our results define a previously unknown protective role for NK cells during secondary T. gondii infection that is dependent on IL-12 and IL-23.
Synthesis of silica nanoparticles to enhance the fire resistance of cement mortars
Authors: Vaz-Ramos Joana , Santiago Aldina , Portugal António , Durães Luísa
Published: October 2019

Silica nanoparticles are known to enhance the strength and durability of cementitious materials, due to their nanofilling effect and their high pozzolanic reactivity. They also have the potential to improve their thermal properties and fire resistance. However, these improvements are highly dependent on the nanoparticles’ characteristics. In this work, silica nanoparticles were prepared by sol-gel reaction and a design of experiments with four factors was used to conclude about the parameters that have more influence in the synthesis of these nanoparticles and, thus, optimize this process and the particles’ properties. Using a lower ethanol/water, higher hydrolysis and condensation time and higher volume of catalyst, the smallest particle size was obtained (118 nm). The effect of the incorporation of these silica nanoparticles into cement mortars was studied in terms of density and thermal conductivity of these mortars, after curing at room temperature. The presence of silica nanoparticles led to an increase in density and decrease of thermal conductivity. The mortars were also exposed to high temperature, which originated a significant reduction (~50%) in their thermal conductivity.
The relationship between social media usage in the workplace and employee productivity in the public sector: Case study of government departments in Harare
Authors: Wushe Tawaziwa , Shenje Jacob
Published: October 2019

Orientation: The advent of social media has taken new dimensions becoming one of the most significant methods of how people communicate all over the world. In particular, the usage of social media and networking sites is a phenomenon that has brought great negative and positive impact to organisations and employees nowadays.Research purpose: The primary aim of the study sought to determine the relationship between social media usage in the workplace and employee productivity in the public sector with particular reference to government departments in Harare.Motivation for the study: There have been rising concerns about the use of social media sites in the workplace because of loss of labour productivity through time wasted at work.Research approach/design and method: The study adopted a positivist research approach because it had ontological assumptions of representationalism and objectivism. Because of the nature of the research objectives, a descriptive research design was found to be necessary. A sample size of 278 management and employees from five selected government departments was targeted. Structured questionnaires were used for the collection of relevant primary data.Main findings: The study revealed that social media usage in the workplace resulted in significant drop in employees’ productivity because of time spent online keeping in touch with friends, sharing pictures and communicating with colleagues.Practical/managerial implications: As social media cannot be completely eradicated during working hours, the human resources departments need to monitor deadlines and job deliverables with the need to ensure that jobs are performed efficiently.Contribution/value-add: The study sought to fill the existing research gaps with regard to the use of social media at workplace and employee productivity.
Editorial: Leadership
Authors: Editor The
Published: October 2019

No abstract available
Education and Research
Authors: Irwin-Carruthers S
Published: October 2019

No abstract available
Sampling bias in physiotherapy research
Authors: Hendry J. A.
Published: October 2019

In this article the difference between random error (due to sampling variability) and systematic error (or bias) is briefly illustrated. Major types of systematic error which occur due to errors in sampling are discussed briefly with reference to the following study designs: the randomized clinical trial, cohort analytical, cross-sectional, case control and before-after studies.
Thirlwall's law and the terms of trade: a parsimonious extension of the balance-of-payments-constrained growth model*
Authors: Caldentey Esteban Pérez , Moreno-Brid Juan Carlos
Published: October 2019

This paper extends the balance-of-payments-constrained (BoPC) growth model and Thirlwall's law to include the terms of trade with and without capital flows. Without capital flows a positive (negative) change in the terms of trade by improving (worsening) export performance can ceteris paribus augment (reduce) the rate of growth of an economy compatible with balance of payments’ long-run equilibrium. With the inclusion of capital flows the BoPC dynamics become more complex. Assuming no changes in the real exchange rate and in the import elasticity of demand, an improvement in the terms of trade can increase the level of the external deficit compatible with BoPC growth. This results from the terms-of-trade effects on the purchasing of exports and on foreign-capital inflows. The positive effect of an improvement in the terms of trade may be partially offset by an appreciation of the real exchange rate and an increase in the import elasticity of demand, when the model is extended to allow for such interactions in the analysis.
Thoughts on balance-of-payments-constrained growth after 40 years
Authors: Thirlwall A.P.
Published: October 2019

This paper considers how Thirlwall's balance-of-payments-constrained growth model has fared over the preceding 40 years. Issues dealt with include how the model fits into Harrod's closed-economy dynamic model; whether the model is a tautology; the role of the exchange rate and terms of trade in influencing the long-run growth rate, and whether capital inflows make any difference to the long-run predictions of the model. The conclusion is that it is mainly the structure of production and trade that determines the long-run growth rate of countries, within a balance-of-payments equilibrium framework, as determinants of the income elasticities of demand for exports and imports.
Aprendiendo análisis estratégico y trabajando la responsabilidad medioambiental con la Unidad de Medio Ambiente de la Universitat Politècnica de València
Authors: De-Miguel-Molina María , Catalá-Pérez Daniel , De-Miguel-Molina Blanca , Peiró-Signes Ángel
Published: October 2019

El objetivo de esta actividad fue mostrar el caso real de un servicio público a través de su directora para explicar la importancia del análisis estratégico en la estrategia integral de una organización. En este caso, el Sistema de Gestión Medioambiental es un ejemplo perfecto, dada su transversalidad, para comprender la influencia que los grupos de interés tienen en la estrategia de la organización, cómo la influyen los factores internos y externos, y la necesaria flexibilidad que la misma estrategia de la organización precisa para adaptarse frecuentemente a los rápidos cambios que demanda la sociedad. Además, esta práctica nos permitió dar un ejemplo práctico sobre la búsqueda de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible e incidir en la competencia transversal “responsabilidad medioambiental”.
Evaluación de la competencia transversal “Análisis y resolución de problemas” (CT3) en la titulación de GADE de la Facultad de ADE de la Universitat Politècnica de Valéncia
Authors: Mateos-Ronco Alicia , Cortés López Juan Carlos , Santamaría Navarro Cristina , Villanueva Micó Rafael
Published: October 2019

This paper describes the development and the conclusion of the meeting the professors of the Faculty of Business Administration in charge of the “point of control” subjects of the soft skill “Problem Analysis and Solving” (CT3) in the first and second level, held May 6th, 2019. The professors share their experience in implementing assessment methods in every subject following the guidelines of the general project of the UPV. The main conclusion is that the professor feels alone and has to find imaginative methods to assess the soft skill in a reliable way. Also, extant multiplicity of assessments of the skill contribute to certain confusion in the final consequence of the assessment in each subject, and hence a simplification is proposed.
Evaluación de la competencia transversal CT04 “Innovación, creatividad y emprendimiento” en el Grado en Administración y Dirección de Empresas de la Universitat Politècnica de València
Authors: Baviera-Puig Amparo , García García Fernando , Hervás Oliver Jose Luis , Loras Joaquín , De-Miguel-Molina Blanca , Palau-Ramírez Felipe
Published: October 2019

La UPV ha definido un perfil competencial para todos los alumnos egresados de la UPV con el fin de mejorar su desempeño profesional. Este perfil consta de 13 competencias transversales. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en presentar distintas metodologías de evaluación de la CT-04. “Innovación, creatividad y emprendimiento”, llevadas a cabo a lo largo del Grado en Administración y Dirección de Empresas (ADE) de la UPV en las distitnas asignaturas que son punto de control para la evaluación de la competencia. El mayor reto para los profesores es adaptar la metodología de evaluación de la competencia a los contenidos de la materia impartida en relación con el mundo de la empresa y al nivel de dominio establecido.
Evaluación de la Competencia Transversal 8: Comunicación efectiva
Authors: Chirivella González Vicente , Ribal Sanchis Javier , Martí Selva Mª Luisa , Grau Gadea Gonzalo , Conejero López Marta , Maroto Álvarez Concepcion
Published: October 2019

En este trabajo se detallan las actividades realizadas en las asignaturas que han sido escogidas, por la Facultad de Administración y Dirección de Empresas de la UPV, como puntos de control de la competencia transversal "comunicación efectiva". Estas actividades se refieren tanto a la dimensión oral como a la escrita. En el primer caso se utilizan fundamentalmente presentaciones y también vídeos. En el segundo caso abundan los proyectos y las memorias realizadas sobre los trabajos de laboratorio. En todos los casos, la evaluación se realiza mediante el uso de una rúbrica elemental, creada ex profeso, que identifica aquellos aspectos en los que se desea incidir.
Potenciar las competencias soft skills con presentación oral en el aula
Authors: Gaona Cristina
Published: October 2019

Los graduados del futuro necesitan desarrollar habilidades y competencias transversales para desarrollarse profesionalmente, entre las competencias más demandadas por la empresa estan las competencias de trabajo en equipo (CT06), la comunicación efectiva (CT08), la planificación y gestión del tiempo (CT12). Por este motivo se ha realizado esta dinámica que permite en una sesión de 2 horas mejorar y potenciar estas competencias transversales de los estudiantes de doble grado Telecomunicaciones +ADE de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. Los resultados obtenidos y la facilidad de la implantación de ésta dinámica permite extender su uso a otros grados de la Universidad.
Orofacial Manifestations associated with Anemia
Authors: Gupta Shreya , Swarup Neeti , Sairam Harita , Sinha Nidhi , Nair Suresh S
Published: October 2019

Oral cavity is the window to the body and is often the area where systemic disease first presents itself. The various tissues including lips, tongue, gingiva, mucosal surfaces, dentition, and bone are involved in the presentation of disease state. The most frequently affected is the periodontium, followed by the oral mucous membrane and the periapical inflammations. The review is not all inclusive; however, it does address some of the most common, as well as a few of the more rare anemia-associated disease states observed in both adults and children.

How to cite this article

Gupta S, Gupta S, Swarup N, Sairam H, Sinha N, Nair SS. Orofacial Manifestations associated with Anemia. World J Anemia 2017;1(2):44-47.
Origens sociais e arranjos matrimoniais de uma família de imigrantes portugueses: a genealogia dos Vieira dos Santos (c. 1750-1820)
Authors: Gomes Sandro Aramis Richter , Cavazzani André Luiz Moscaleski
Published: October 2019

Este artigo comporta uma investigação sobre a natureza das ocupações profissionais e dos vínculos matrimoniais de três gerações da família Vieira dos Santos. Essa parentela de origem portuguesa contava com membros que imigraram para o sul da capitania de São Paulo no fim do século XVIII. Há três argumentos sustentados nesta análise. Primeiro, é evidenciado que a formação dessa parentela foi decorrente da absorção, por meio do casamento, de indivíduos que exerciam profissões como a de agricultor e ourives. Segundo, cumpre evidenciar que a vinda para o Brasil não gerou a permanência dos imigrantes nas ocupações dos seus ascendentes. A mudança para tal colônia portuguesa ocasionou o ingresso dos membros daquela família no comércio e em esferas da administração pública. Terceiro, é demonstrado que, no Brasil, os integrantes dessa parentela mantiveram uma prática adotada por seus ascendentes. Tal prática era selecionar padrinhos pertencentes a um mesmo grupo profissional. Os Vieira dos Santos radicados em Portugal e no Brasil empregaram análogas estratégias familiares. Uma consequência dessas estratégias foi reforçar o pertencimento dessa parentela a círculos sociais compostos por artífices e comerciantes.
O global e seus paradoxos: a construção imaginada de um campo historiográfico
Authors: Espada Lima Henrique
Published: October 2019

Este texto é um comentário sobre o artigo de Jurandir Malerba que se publica no mesmo número de Esboços: histórias em contextos globais, em que o autor discute os paradoxos da proposição de uma história global da historiografia. Tomando como ponto de partida o conceito formulado por Benedict Anderson, de “comunidade imaginada", este artigo reflete sobre as possibilidades e os limites de imaginar a história global e a experiência coletiva da comunidade de historiadores que começa a pensar a si mesma com base nessa categoria. Dialogando com Malerba, Anderson, Jeremy Adelman, Eric Auerbach, Partha Chaterjee e outros, o ponto de chegada do texto pergunta quem está autorizado a “imaginar” a história global e, desse modo, a controlar sua narrativa. A conclusão é que a resposta a essa pergunta é inseparável da matriz de desigualdades e assimetrias que se reproduz no momento atual de produção de um mundo globalizado.
Takeaways from the Special Issue on The Practice of Replication
Authors: Reed W. Robert
Published: October 2019

In July 2017, Economics: The Open Access, Open Assessment E-Journal issued a call for papers for a special issue on “The Practice of Replication.” In that call, the journal explained that there was no generally accepted procedure for how to do a replication. Likewise, there was no generally accepted standard for determining whether a replication “confirms or disconfirms” an original study. Accordingly, the journal called for papers to identify principles for how to do a replication and how to interpret its results; and to apply those principles in crafting a replication plan for a study of the author’s choosing. The hope was that this exercise would produce some progress on “the practice of replication.” The special issue is now complete with a total of eight journal articles. This commentary places the respective articles within a common framework and identifies observations and lessons learned from the respective studies.
Can the POLARS tool accurately predict low anterior resection syndrome in rectal cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic resection?
Authors: Bogacki Paweł , Krzak Jan , Gach Tomasz , Szwed Wojciech , Szura Mirosław
Published: October 2019

Introduction

Radical rectal cancer resection can lead to a long-term bowel function impairment known as low anterior resection syndrome (LARS). It remains unclear how to determine which patients are at a higher risk of developing LARS post-surgery. The POLARS tool was designed to predict the onset and severity of LARS in rectal cancer patients after surgery. The study aimed to assess the accuracy of POLARS in predicting the onset of LARS.

Material and methods

A total of 66 rectal cancer patients treated laparoscopically between January 2016 and December 2017 were included in this retrospective study. Using POLARS, the predictive value for the occurrence of LARS was documented. During an average 17-month follow-up period, the bowel function of the patients was assessed using the dedicated LARS questionnaire. The predicted and actual scores were then compared.

Results

Study participants included 36 women (54.5%) and 30 men (45.5%), with a mean age of 62.55 years (standard deviation: 10.2; range: 37–81). The mean predicted score according to POLARS was 24.5 (i.e. category “minor LARS”), and the mean actual score in the follow-up period was 16.42 (“no LARS” category). In only 39% of patients, the predicted LARS category was the same as the actual LARS category assessed by the questionnaire. Worse bowel function than reported at follow-up was predicted in 75% of all mispredictions.

Conclusions

POLARS did not prove to be accurate in predicting the risk and severity of LARS in these patients, although the average numbers appear promising. Further evaluation of the POLARS tool using a larger cohort is needed.
The efficacy of nebivolol on spontaneously hypertensive rats with overactive bladder – an experimental study
Authors: Wróbel Andrzej , Stępniak Anna , Bańczerowska-Górska Małgorzata , Stangel-Wójcikiewicz Klaudia , Czuczwar Piotr
Published: October 2019

Introduction

Overactive bladder (OAB) is a disease that significantly decreases quality of life. Adverse effects of the drugs currently used in OAB treatment limit their use in patients with hypertension. Nebivolol (a β1-adrenergic receptor blocker) is approved for hypertension treatment, but also shows agonistic activity on β3-adrenergic receptor, located in the urinary bladder. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of nebivolol on OAB symptoms and cardiovascular parameters in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) – an animal model of OAB and hypertension.

Material and methods

Female Wistar-Kyoto (WHY) and SHR rats were used in the experiments. Nebivolol was administered intra-arterially at a single daily dose of 0.05 mg/kg for 14 days. Subsequently, cystometry and bladder blood flow assessment were performed. Then, 24-hour measurement of heart rate, blood pressure, and urine production was carried out. In addition, the bladders of experimental rats were removed and processed to conduct biochemical analyses.

Results

The main finding of this study is that the treatment with nebivolol resulted in an improvement of cystometric parameters characteristic for OAB in SHR. Nebivolol normalised blood pressure in SHR, while in WHY the cardiovascular parameters remained unchanged. Biomarkers characteristic for OAB were elevated in SHR compared to WHY, and nebivolol decreased their values in SHR while it had no influence on WHY.

Conclusions

Nebivolol alleviates OAB symptoms and normalises blood pressure in SHRs. These results suggest that nebivolol may be a useful treatment alternative for OAB patients with pre-existing hypertension.
Rituximab therapy in adults with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Zhong Hongzhen , Li Hong-Yan , Zhou Tianbiao , Weng Wenjuan
Published: October 2019

Introduction

Patients with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS) suffer frequent relapse with adverse effects caused by long-term prednisolone treatment. Recently, the chimeric monoclonal antibody against the protein CD20 (rituximab – RTX) was observed to be efficacious and safe in the treatment of patients with SDNS. We summarized the scientific literature to evaluate RTX therapy in the clinical management of SDNS.

Material and methods

PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were investigated from interception to 2019-6-6, without language limitation. The analysis was restricted to adults ≥ 19 years of age. Data were administered and analyzed through the Review manager 5.3 software.

Results

After RTX treatment, relapse times, prednisolone dose, and proteinuria decreased, whereas serum albumin was increased. The clinical parameters blood pressure and total cholesterol diminished also, whereas bone mineral density was improved. Overall, RTX ameliorated the adverse effects of prednisolone. Moreover, the Th1/Th2 ratio was changed except for the CD19 and CD20 cell counts. Additionally, most of the adverse effects of RTX were mild and well tolerated.

Conclusions

In the studies that we considered, we concluded that RTX treatment was effective and safe in the therapy of patients with SDNS. Nevertheless, more randomized controlled trials are required to explore the mechanism of RTX action and verify its efficacy.
Cross-cultural pilot study on the relationship between study addiction and narcissism among undergraduate students in Poland and India
Authors: Atroszko Paweł Andrzej , Sawicki Artur , Kamble Shanmukh
Published: October 2019

Background

Study addiction has been suggested as a potential early form of work addiction which is recently gaining increasing attention as a potential behavioural addiction. It was suggested that underlying psychological vulnerabilities can be risk factors for study/work addiction. Previous studies indicated that work addiction could be related to narcissistic personality. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the relationship between study addiction and narcissism in the very distinct cultures of Poland and India.

Participants and procedure

In a pen-and-pencil cross-sectional study, the Bergen Study Addiction Scale, Single Item Narcissism Scale, and questions concerning demographics were administered to 1127 undergraduate students in Poland and 292 undergraduate students in India (Karnataka province).

Results

Study addiction was positively related to narcissistic personality among students in Poland, as well as among students in India. This relationship tended to be stronger in the sample from India, which may reflect the cultural differences; however, the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusions

These initial results suggest that study addiction is positively related to narcissism, and potentially to a narcissistic personality disorder. Narcissism is a complex construct which has been gaining increasing attention in recent years. More sophisticated studies on its relationship with study and work addiction, especially in a cross-cultural context, are highly warranted.
Interventional treatment options in pseudoaneurysms: different techniques in different localizations
Authors: Sarioglu Orkun , Capar Ahmet Ergin , Belet Umit
Published: October 2019

Pseudoaneurysms are commonly experienced vascular abnormalities. The increase in the number of surgical and arteriographic procedures has caused a higher prevalence of pseudoaneurysms. Conventional angiography is still the gold standard method for diagnosis, but other imaging modalities such as duplex Doppler ultrasonography, magnetic resonance angiography and computed tomographic angiography are useful in noninvasive detection. Over the past few years, interventional radiological treatment has evolved and taken the place of surgery in management. There are different kinds of percutaneous and endovascular treatment methods in pseudoaneurysm management. Treatment options depend on certain conditions. We used a case-based approach to discuss pseudoaneurysms and their appropriate treatment by interventional radiological methods in this article.
Stratospheric ozone trends for 1985–2018: sensitivity to recent large variability
Authors: Ball William T. , Alsing Justin , Staehelin Johannes , Davis Sean M. , Froidevaux Lucien , Peter Thomas
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The Montreal Protocol, and its subsequent amendments, has successfully prevented catastrophic losses of stratospheric ozone, and signs of recovery are now evident. Nevertheless, recent work has suggested that ozone in the lower stratosphere (< 24 km) continued to decline over the 1998–2016 period, offsetting recovery at higher altitudes and preventing a statistically significant increase in quasi-global (60∘ S–60∘ N) total column ozone. In 2017, a large lower stratospheric ozone resurgence over less than 12 months was estimated (using a chemistry transport model; CTM) to have offset the long-term decline in the quasi-global integrated lower stratospheric ozone column. Here, we extend the analysis of space-based ozone observations to December 2018 using the BASICSG ozone composite. We find that the observed 2017 resurgence was only around half that modelled by the CTM, was of comparable magnitude to other strong interannual changes in the past, and was restricted to Southern Hemisphere (SH) midlatitudes (60–30∘ S). In the SH midlatitude lower stratosphere, the data suggest that by the end of 2018 ozone is still likely lower than in 1998 (probability ∼80 %). In contrast, tropical and Northern Hemisphere (NH) ozone continue to display ongoing decreases, exceeding 90 % probability. Robust tropical (>95 %, 30∘ S–30∘ N) decreases dominate the quasi-global integrated decrease (99 % probability); the integrated tropical stratospheric column (1–100 hPa, 30∘ S–30∘ N) displays a significant overall ozone decrease, with 95 % probability. These decreases do not reveal an inefficacy of the Montreal Protocol; rather, they suggest that other effects are at work, mainly dynamical variability on long or short timescales, counteracting the positive effects of the Montreal Protocol on stratospheric ozone recovery. We demonstrate that large interannual midlatitude (30–60∘) variations, such as the 2017 resurgence, are driven by non-linear quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) phase-dependent seasonal variability. However, this variability is not represented in current regression analyses. To understand if observed lower stratospheric ozone decreases are a transient or long-term phenomenon, progress needs to be made in accounting for this dynamically driven variability.
Linkage between Dust Cycle and Loess of the Last Glacial Maximum in Europe
Authors: Schaffernicht Erik Jan , Ludwig Patrick , Shao Yaping
Published: October 2019

Abstract. This article establishes a linkage between the mineral dust cycle and loess deposits during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in Europe. To this aim, we simulate the LGM dust cycle at high resolution using a regional climate-dust model. The model-simulated dust deposition rates are found to be comparable with the mass accumulation rates of the loess deposits determined from more than 70 sites. In contrast to the present-day prevailing westerlies, winds from northeast, east and southeast (36 %) and cyclonic regimes (22 %) were found to prevail over central Europe during the LGM. This supports the hypothesis that the recurring east sector winds associated with a high-pressure system over the Eurasian ice sheet (EIS) dominated the dust transport from the EIS margins in eastern and central Europe. The highest dust emission rates in Europe occurred in summer and autumn. Almost all dust was emitted from the zone between the Alps, the Black Sea and the southern EIS margin. Within this zone, the highest emission rates were located near the southernmost EIS margins corresponding to the present-day German-Polish border region. Coherent with the persistent easterlies, westwards running dust plumes resulted in high deposition rates in western Poland, northern Czechia, the Netherlands, the southern North Sea region and on the North German Plain including adjacent regions in central Germany. The agreement between the climate model simulations and the mass accumulation rates of the loess deposits corroborates the proposed LGM dust cycle hypothesis for Europe.
A low-cost monitor for simultaneous measurement of fine particulate matter and aerosol optical depth – Part 1: Specifications and testing
Authors: Wendt Eric A. , Quinn Casey W. , Miller-Lionberg Daniel D. , Tryner Jessica , L'Orange Christian , Ford Bonne , Yalin Azer P. , Pierce Jeffrey R. , Jathar Shantanu , Volckens John
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Globally, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air
pollution is a leading contributor to death, disease, and environmental
degradation. Satellite-based measurements of aerosol optical depth (AOD) are
used to estimate PM2.5 concentrations across the world, but the
relationship between satellite-estimated AOD and ground-level PM2.5 is
uncertain. Sun photometers measure AOD from the Earth's surface and are
often used to improve satellite data; however, reference-grade photometers
and PM2.5 monitors are expensive and rarely co-located. This work
presents the development and validation of the aerosol mass and optical
depth (AMOD) sampler, an inexpensive and compact device that simultaneously
measures PM2.5 mass and AOD. The AMOD utilizes a low-cost
light-scattering sensor in combination with a gravimetric filter measurement
to quantify ground-level PM2.5. Aerosol optical depth is measured using
optically filtered photodiodes at four discrete wavelengths. Field
validation studies revealed agreement within 10 % for AOD values measured
between co-located AMOD and AErosol RObotics NETwork (AERONET) monitors and
for PM2.5 mass measured between co-located AMOD and EPA Federal
Equivalent Method (FEM) monitors. These results demonstrate that the AMOD
can quantify AOD and PM2.5 accurately at a fraction of the cost of
existing reference monitors.
A comparison of drought information in early North American colonial documentary records and a high-resolution tree-ring-based reconstruction
Authors: White Sam
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Historical documentary records contain valuable information on
climate, weather, and their societal impacts during the pre-instrumental
period, but it may be difficult to assess the objectivity and reliability of
this information, particularly where the documentary record is incomplete or
the reliability of the information it contains is uncertain. This article
presents a comprehensive review of information relating to drought found in
original written records concerning all early European expeditions
(1510–1610 CE) into the present-day US and Canada, and compares this information
with maps and time series of drought generated from the tree-ring-based
North American Drought Atlas (NADA). The two sources mostly agree in the
timing and location of droughts. This correspondence suggests that much of
the information in these early colonial historical records is probably
objective and reliable, and that tree-ring-based drought atlases can provide
information relevant to local and regional human historical events, at least
in locations where their reconstruction skill is particularly high. This
review of drought information from written sources and tree-ring-based
reconstructions also highlights the extraordinary challenges faced by early
European explorers and colonists in North America due to climatic
variability in an already unfamiliar and challenging environment.
Millennial-scale denudation rates in the Himalaya of Far Western Nepal
Authors: Ojha Lujendra , Ferrier Ken L. , Ojha Tank
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The Himalayas stretch ∼3000 km along the Indo-Eurasian plate boundary. Along-strike variations in the fault geometry of the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT) have given rise to significant variations in the topographic steepness, exhumation rate, and orographic precipitation along the Himalayan front. Over the past 2 decades, the rates and patterns of Himalayan denudation have been documented through numerous cosmogenic nuclide measurements in central and eastern Nepal, Bhutan, and northern
India. To date, however, few denudation rates have been measured in Far
Western Nepal, a ∼300 km wide region near the center of the Himalayan arc, which presents a significant gap in our understanding of
Himalayan denudation. Here we report new catchment-averaged millennial-scale denudation rates inferred from cosmogenic 10Be in fluvial quartz at seven sites in Far Western Nepal. The inferred denudation rates range from 385±31 t km−2 yr−1 (0.15±0.01 mm yr−1) to 8737±2908 t km−2 yr−1 (3.3±1.1 mm yr−1) and, in combination with our analyses of channel topography, are broadly consistent with previously published relationships between catchment-averaged denudation rates and normalized channel steepness across the Himalaya. These data show that the denudation rate patterns in Far Western Nepal are consistent with those observed in central and eastern Nepal. The denudation rate estimates from Far Western Nepal show a weak correlation with catchment-averaged specific stream power, consistent with a Himalaya-wide compilation of previously published stream power values. Together, these observations are consistent with a dependence of denudation rate on both tectonic and climatic forcings, and they represent a first step toward filling an important gap in denudation rate measurements in Far Western Nepal.
Education and public engagement using an active research project: lessons and recipes from the SEA-SEIS North Atlantic Expedition's programme for Irish schools
Authors: Lebedev Sergei , Bonadio Raffaele , Gómez-García Clara , de Laat Janneke I. , Bérdi Laura , Chagas de Melo Bruna , Farrell Daniel , Stalling David , Tirel Céline , Collins Louise , McCarthy Sadhbh , O'Donoghue Brendan , Schwenk Arne , Smyth Mick , Bean Christopher J. ,   the SEA-SEIS Team
Published: October 2019

Abstract. An exciting research project, for example with an unusual
field component, presents a unique opportunity for education and public
engagement (EPE). The adventure aspect of the fieldwork and the drive and
creativity of the researchers can combine to produce effective, novel EPE
approaches. Engagement with schools, in particular, can have a profound
impact, showing the students how science works in practice, encouraging them
to study science, and broadening their career perspectives. The project
SEA-SEIS (Structure, Evolution And Seismicity of the Irish offshore,
https://www.sea-seis.ie, last access: 6 October 2019) kicked off in 2018 with a 3-week expedition on the research
vessel (RV) Celtic Explorer in the North Atlantic. Secondary and primary
school students were invited to participate and help scientists in the
research project, which got the students enthusiastically engaged. In a
nation-wide competition before the expedition, schools from across Ireland
gave names to each of the seismometers. During the expedition, teachers were
invited to sign up for live, ship-to-class video link-ups, and 18 of these
were conducted. The follow-up survey showed that the engagement was not only
exciting but encouraged the students' interest in science, technology,
engineering, and mathematics (STEM) and STEM-related careers. With most of
the lead presenting scientists on the ship being female, both girls and boys
in the classrooms were presented with engaging role models. After the
expedition, the programme continued with follow-up, geoscience-themed
competitions (a song-and-rap one for secondary and a drawing one for primary
schools). Many of the programme's best ideas came from teachers, who were
its key co-creators. The activities were developed by a diverse team
including scientists and engineers, teachers, a journalist, and a sound
artist. The programme's success in engaging and inspiring school students
illustrates the EPE potential of active research projects. The programme
shows how research projects and the researchers working on them are a rich
resource for EPE, highlights the importance of an EPE team with diverse
backgrounds and expertise, and demonstrates the value of co-creation by the
EPE team, teachers, and school students. It also provides a template for a
multifaceted EPE programme that school teachers can use with flexibility,
without extra strain on their teaching schedules. The outcomes of an EPE
programme coupled with research projects can include both an increase in the
students' interest in STEM and STEM careers and an increase in the
researchers' interest and proficiency in EPE.
Parallel I/O in FMS and MOM5
Authors: Yang Rui , Ward Marshall , Evans Ben
Published: October 2019

Abstract. We present an implementation of parallel I/O in the Modular Ocean Model (MOM), a numerical ocean model used for climate forecasting, and determine its optimal performance over a range of tuning parameters. Our implementation uses the parallel API of the netCDF library, and we investigate the potential bottlenecks associated with the model configuration, netCDF implementation, the underpinning MPI-IO library/implementations and Lustre filesystem. We investigate the performance of a global 0.25° resolution model using 240 and 960 CPUs. The best performance is observed when we limit the number of contiguous I/O domains on each compute node and assign one MPI rank to aggregate and write the data from each node, while ensuring that all nodes participate in writing this data to our Lustre filesystem. These best performance configurations are then applied to a higher 0.1° resolution global model using 720 and 1440 CPUs, where we observe even greater performance improvements. In all cases, the tuned parallel I/O implementation achieves much faster write speeds relative to serial single-file I/O, with write speeds up to 60 times faster at higher resolutions. Under the constraints outlined above, we observe that the performance scales as the number of compute nodes and I/O aggregators are increased, ensuring the continued scalability of I/O-intensive MOM5 model runs that will be used in our next generation higher resolution simulations.
Ubiquitous increases in flood magnitude in the Columbia River
Basin under climate change
Authors: Queen Laura E. , Mote Philip W. , Rupp David E. , Chegwidden Oriana , Nijssen Bart
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The US and Canada have entered negotiations to modernize the Columbia River Treaty, signed in 1961. Key priorities are balancing flood risk, hydropower production, and improving aquatic ecosystem function while incorporating projected effects of climate change. In support of the US effort, Chegwidden et al. (2017) developed a large-ensemble dataset of past and future daily flows at 396 sites throughout the Columbia River Basin (CRB) and select other watersheds in western Washington and Oregon, generating a large ensemble using state-of-the art climate and hydrologic models. In this study, we use that dataset – the largest now available – to present new analyses of the effects of future climate change on flooding using water year maximum daily flows. For each simulation, flood statistics are estimated from Generalized Extreme Value distributions fit to simulated water year maximum daily flows for 50-year windows of the past (1950–1999) and future (2050–2099) periods. Our results contrast with previous findings: we find that the vast majority of locations in the CRB are estimated to experience an increase in future discharge magnitudes. We show that on the Columbia and Willamette rivers, increases in discharge magnitudes are smallest downstream and grow larger moving upstream. For the Snake River, however, the pattern is reversed, with increases in discharge magnitudes growing larger moving downstream to the confluence with the Salmon River tributary, and then abruptly dropping. We decompose the variation in results attributable to climate and hydrologic factors, finding that climate contributes more variation in larger basins while hydrology contributes more in smaller basins. Equally important for practical applications like flood control rule curves, the seasonal timing of flooding shifts dramatically on some rivers (e.g., on the Snake, 20th century floods occur exclusively in late spring, but by the end of the 21st century some floods occur as early as December) and not at all on others (e.g. the Willamette).
Geologic and geomorphic controls on rockfall hazard: how well do past rockfalls predict future distributions?
Authors: Borella Josh , Quigley Mark , Krauss Zoe , Lincoln Krystina , Attanayake Januka , Stamp Laura , Lanman Henry , Levine Stephanie , Hampton Sam , Gravley Darren
Published: October 2019

Abstract. To evaluate the geospatial hazard relationships between recent
(contemporary) rockfalls and their prehistoric predecessors, we compare the
locations, physical characteristics, and lithologies of rockfall boulders
deposited during the 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence (CES)
(n=185) with those deposited prior to the CES (n=1093). Population
ratios of pre-CES to CES boulders at two study sites vary spatially from ∼5:1 to 8.5:1. This is interpreted to reflect (i) variations in
CES rockfall flux due to intra- and inter-event spatial differences in
ground motions (e.g., directionality) and associated variations in source
cliff responses; (ii) possible variations in the triggering mechanism(s),
frequency, flux, record duration, boulder size distributions, and
post-depositional mobilization of pre-CES rockfalls relative to CES
rockfalls; and (iii) geological variations in the source cliffs of CES and
pre-CES rockfalls. On interfluves, CES boulders traveled approximately 100 to 250 m further downslope than prehistoric (pre-CES) boulders. This is interpreted to reflect reduced resistance to CES rockfall transport due to preceding anthropogenic hillslope de-vegetation. Volcanic breccia boulders are more dimensionally equant and rounded, are larger, and traveled further downslope than coherent lava boulders, illustrating clear geological control on rockfall hazard. In valley bottoms, the furthest-traveled pre-CES boulders are situated further downslope than CES boulders due to (i) remobilization of pre-CES boulders by post-depositional processes such as debris flows and (ii) reduction of CES boulder velocities and travel distances by collisional impacts with pre-CES boulders. A considered earth-systems approach is required when using preserved distributions of rockfall deposits to predict the severity and extents of future rockfall events.
Seismic section image detail enhancement method based on wavelet transform
Authors: Jia Xiang-Yu , DongYe Chang-Lei
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The seismic section image contains a wealth of texture detail information, which is important for the interpretation of the formation profile information. In order to enhance the texture detail of the image while keeping the structural information of the image intact, a multi-scale enhancement method based on wavelet transform is proposed. First, the image is wavelet decomposed to obtain a low frequency structural component and a series of high frequency texture detail components; Secondly, bilateral texture filtering is performed on the low-frequency structural components to filter out high-frequency noise while maintaining the edges of the image; adaptive enhancement is performed on the high-frequency detail components to filter out low-frequency noise while enhancing detail; Finally, the processed high and low frequency components are reconstructed by wavelet can obtained the seismic section image with enhanced detail. The method of this paper enhances the texture detail information in the image while preserving the edge of the image.