bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efeitos de elementos climáticos na deposição e decomposição da serapilheira de Mata Atlântica no Estado de Alagoas
Authors: Querino Carlos Alexandre Santos , Vaz Marcos André Braz , Querino Juliane Kayse Albuquerque da Silva , Andrade Antonio Marcos Delfino de , Moura Marcos Antônio Lima
Published: May 2023

A Mata Atlântica é um dos ecossistemas mais devastados do mundo. Este ecossistema sobrevive em pequenos fragmentos que possuem um papel importante na deposição de serapilheira. O objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar a influência de elementos climáticos na sazonalidade da deposição de serapilheira acumulada e, sua decomposição, em um fragmento de Mata Atlântica. O estudo foi realizado no período de outubro/2009 a março/2019. Os dados de Radiação Solar Global e Precipitação foram armazenados a cada 10 minutos e coletados em uma Reserva Florestal, em Coruripe, Alagoas. A serapilheira normal foi coletada mensalmente por malhas de náilon enquanto que a serapilheira acumulada foi coletadas a cada 3 meses por coletores de metal. Os materiais coletados foram secos, pesados e quantificados em Mg ha-1. Foi estimada a taxa de decomposição, o tempo médio de renovação de serapilheira acumulada e o tempo necessário (anos) para o desaparecimento de 50% (T0,5) e 95% (T0,05). A precipitação média anual acumulada foi de 1233,92 mm. A Radiação Solar Global apresentou média de 437,92 W m-2. A produção de serapilheira apresentou sazonalidade com os menores acúmulos na estação chuvosa e maiores na seca. O coeficiente de decomposição médio foi de 0,71 e o tempo médio necessário para o desaparecimento de 50 e 95% da serapilheira foi de aproximadamente 1 e 4,2 anos, respectivamente. Por fim, evidenciou-se sazonalidade na produção total e no acumulo de serapilheira e a associação com o regime pluviométrico.
Terrenos de marinha no Brasil: conceitos e evolução histórica no contexto do gerenciamento costeiro integrado
Authors: Schmitz Cláudio Marcus , Nicolodi João Luiz , Gruber Nelson Luiz Sambaqui
Published: May 2023

Este trabalho tem como foco os chamados Terrenos de Marinha, a partir da sua Instituição gestora: a Secretaria de Coordenação e Governança do Patrimônio da União (SPU), atualmente na estrutura do Ministério da Economia. A questão central aqui abordada é o papel e o potencial dos Terrenos de Marinha nas políticas públicas territoriais de gerenciamento costeiro no Brasil, analisando evolutivamente a legislação de regência do assunto à luz do gerenciamento costeiro integrado e propondo consolidações conceituais e legais acerca das políticas territoriais incidentes sobre os Terrenos de Marinha. O conceito dos Terrenos de Marinha define uma dimensão física, demarcável em planta ou carta topográfica e alocável no espaço concreto, geométrico. Foi empregada a abordagem metodológica denominada Decálogo para a Gestão Integrada, que apresenta instrumentos conceituais com ênfase especial nas questões de políticas públicas, analisando de forma integrada os aspectos ambientais, socioeconômicos e os desafios que os diversos interesses e usos existentes e planejados na costa impõem ao Estado e à Sociedade. A gestão patrimonial da União relativa aos Terrenos de Marinha evoluiu desde o período do Império até o presente com ênfase em três aspectos principais: o posicionamento topográfico dos Terrenos de Marinha, a sua natureza pública e as consequentes possibilidades de destinação (onerosas ou não). Modernamente, a delimitação dos Terrenos de Marinha ganhou novas dimensões além da patrimonial, tais como a questão ambiental e o gerenciamento costeiro, constituindo-se em elementos essenciais para tanto, especialmente sob a perspectiva de serviços ecossistêmicos e gestão territorial.
Agenda 2030, ODS e educação hídrica: revisão sistemática da literatura e análise bibliométrica
Authors: Soares Fabiana Pegoraro , Melo Milena Moreira , Camargo Liliane Matos
Published: May 2023

Os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) são, desde 2015, o principal eixo de trabalho da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) e seus diversos órgãos. Um dos focos, sobretudo do trabalho da Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, Ciência e Cultura (UNESCO), é a educação, em diversos níveis, para os ODS. Considerando a integração e a interdisciplinaridade destes, além de sua possível relação com os temas que permeiam a Geografia, este trabalho se baseia na relação entre o ODS 4 – educação de qualidade, e o ODS 6 – água potável e saneamento, e tem como objetivo apresentar essa conexão, por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura aliada a uma análise bibliométrica sobre educação hídrica. Os resultados permitiram concluir que, apesar da relevância e multidisciplinaridade do tema, há uma lacuna sobre o assunto e que, na maior parte dos casos, a literatura sobre educação hídrica apresenta relatos de aulas e projetos pedagógicos escolares, nos quais, invariavelmente, a temática da água é utilizada apenas como pano de fundo para a aplicação e testagem de uma determinada metodologia pedagógica.
Como analisar e interpretar a economia urbana na contemporaneidade? Leituras a partir de uma abordagem multidisciplinar
Authors: Ramos Renan Augusto
Published: May 2023

Os problemas existentes no mundo do trabalho crescem em escala global devido aos processos de precarização, reestruturação produtiva e globalização neoliberal. A partir disso, estratégias alternativas de geração de trabalho e renda ganham relevância tanto nos países desenvolvidos quanto nos países em desenvolvimento. Esse artigo oferece algumas considerações teóricas que são capazes de explicar a diversidade econômica existente, sobretudo, no Sul global. A base empírica de investigação foi o município de Araraquara, localizado no estado de São Paulo. As feiras no espaço público são vistas como espaços econômicos alternativos que favorecem essas estratégias de geração e/ou complementação da renda dos grupos sociais. Após análise crítica dos dados levantados na feira intitulada “Rolêfeira”, o artigo propõe, em caráter exploratório, a ideia de “economia criativa e popular” para interpretar uma parcela da realidade econômica encontrada no espaço urbano das cidades. Essa proposta conceitual abrange as atividades econômicas que surgem como respostas à precariedade e aos baixos salários encontrados no mercado de trabalho. O princípio da criatividade é visto enquanto um processo cognitivo que transforma certo conhecimento e habilidade em uma atividade econômica capaz de gerar renda. Em síntese, o artigo chama a atenção para as várias formas de organização socioeconômica dos sujeitos devido às dificuldades e pressões vivenciadas na esfera da reprodução social.
“Joga fora no rio”: uma etnografia arqueológica do descarte de resíduos de pescado em uma comunidade de pescadores artesanais
Authors: Silva Lucas Antonio da
Published: May 2023

Este estudo analisa a prática do descarte de resíduos de peixe na comunidade da Barra do João Pedro, Rio Grande do Sul. A partir da abordagem da etnografia arqueológica – etnoarqueologia –, isto é, da observação e participação nas práticas cotidianas dos pescadores, pretende-se demonstrar o caráter associativo e orgânico do descarte de resíduos. A narrativa decorrente dessa experiência junto da comunidade será acompanhada de uma reflexão teórica sobre o papel do rio como um agenciador de relações na prática do descarte dos resíduos.
The relevance of archaeology curricula in higher education today
Authors: Thomas Katerina
Published: May 2023

Today’s competitive job market poses new challenges and demands, where technology is replacing many of the existing jobs, and new jobs are continuously created. Despite the limited opportunities for someone to attain a career in the field, a traditional discipline like archaeology can effectively equip its graduates to compete in this new environment with abilities and transferable skills which are classified among the topmost asked by employers. In addition, archaeology can no longer be regarded as a discipline removed from contemporary concerns and issues but can contribute to such discourses in a meaningful way.
Bioarqueologia dos cerritos do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Milheira Rafael Guedes , Ferreira Gabrielle Reis
Published: May 2023

Os estudos de bioarqueologia em cerritos do Sul do Brasil pouco avançaram em termos teóricos, metodológicos e éticos nos últimos 50 anos. Além de croquis e fotografias de esqueletos humanos nos seus contextos, houve pouco investimento em análises de ossos que permitam compreender padrões regionais de sepultamento e rituais mortuários e discutir dieta, saúde-doença, economia, territorialidade, função de sítio e modelos construtivos dos cerritos. Essas temáticas serão discutidas neste artigo com base em ossos humanos dos cerritos do Pontal da Barra e lagoa do Fragata, localizados no estuário da laguna dos Patos. A partir de análises osteológicas recentes, complementadas por dados de isótopos estáveis zooarqueológicos e datações radiocarbônicas, bem como por informações de contexto de escavações, apresentamos um conjunto de interpretações sobre vida e morte das pessoas indígenas construtoras de cerritos no passado pré-colonial.
Redescription of Triceracolax chrysophryenus (Roubal, Armitage & Rohde, 1983) (Copepoda, Cyclopoida, Bomolochidae) recovered from Pagrus major (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843) (Actinopterygii) in Japan, with the description of its copepodid IV
Authors: Izawa Kunihiko
Published: May 2023

Triceracolax chrysophryenus (Roubal, Armitage & Rohde, 1983) is redescribed based on specimens of both sexes, recovered from the nasal cavity of the red sea bream, Pagrus major (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843) (Perciformes, Sparidae) in Japan. Leg 1 exopod of the female of the species is recognized to be 2-segmented.
Just Bad Quality or Just Good Quality? The Meaning of Macroscopic Growth Features of Timber in Ship-Archaeological Analyses
Authors: Belasus Mike , Daly Aoife
Published: May 2023

The particular macroscopic growth features of the timbers of Bremen-Cog, a late 14th-century cargo vessel, were the subject of a detailed analysis during the European Research Council (ERC) research project TIMBER at the University of Copenhagen. The unexpected depth of the results of this examination led to the feasibility study presented in this paper, which evaluates the meaning of macroscopic growth features in ship archaeological analyses. In the past, the perception of wood in ship-archaeological analyses often seems to be either ignored or strongly idealised causing macroscopic growth features to be missing in many cases as decisive analytical features. The idea of a shipwright, who personally chooses only the best material, was likely born out of an idealised image of the past and influenced by recent shipbuilding practices. Detailed advice on the choice of high-quality timber for shipbuilding only appeared during the 20th century, long after wood was superseded by steel for most vessels, and the competition for shipbuilding timber on the market had ceased. In some cases, this has produced a somewhat distorted interpretation of ships and shipbuilding. As a holistic approach to features of growth can provide information beyond timber quality, such as environmental influences and human impacts on this resource. In certain cases, such an approach can draw conclusions on economic and social circumstances. The information gathered from building timber can alter the interpretation of boats and ships. This paper discusses the demand for shipbuilding timber and its quality in northwest Europe, and aims to reflect on possible social, economic, or environmental reasons for the shipwright’s choices.
Singapore’s herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution
Authors: FIGUEROA ALEX , LOW MARTYN E.Y. , LIM KELVIN K.P.
Published: May 2023

Given Singapore’s location at the confluence of important maritime trading routes, and that it was established as a British East India Company trading post in 1819, it is unsurprising that Singapore has become one of the centres of natural history collecting and research in Southeast Asia. Despite its small size, Singapore is home to a diverse herpetofauna assemblage and boasts a rich herpetological history. The first systematic studies of Singapore’s herpetofauna (within the Linnaean binomial framework) date back to Stamford Raffles and the naturalists hired by him who first came to the island in 1819. Specimens that were collected during and after this time were deposited in museums worldwide. Over time, 39 species from Singapore were described as new to science. Due to the entrepôt nature of Singapore with its associated purchasing and trading of specimens (both alive and dead), poor record-keeping, and human introductions, numerous extraneous species from outside of Singapore were reported to occur on the island. Such issues have left a complicated legacy of ambiguous records and taxonomic complications concerning the identity of Singapore’s species-rich herpetofauna, many of which were only resolved in the past 30–40 years. By compiling a comprehensive collection of records and publications relating to the herpetofauna of Singapore, we construct an updated and more accurate listing of the herpetofauna of Singapore. Our investigation culminated in the evaluation of 309 species, in which we compiled a final species checklist recognising 166 species (149 native and 17 non-native established species). Among the 149 native species are two caecilians, 24 frogs, one crocodilian, 13 turtles (three visitors), 34 lizards, and 75 snakes. Of the 17 non-native species are five frogs, four turtles, six lizards, and two snakes. The remaining 143 species represent species to be excluded from Singapore’s herpetofauna species checklist. For each of the 309 species examined, we provide species accounts and explanatory annotations. Furthermore, we discuss Singapore’s herpetofauna from a historical and conservation perspective. Immediate deforestation and nationwide urbanisation following colonisation completely eliminated many species from throughout much of the country and restricted them to small, degraded forest patches. We hope this publication highlights the importance of publishing observations and serves as a valuable resource to future researchers, naturalists, biological consultants, and policy makers in initiating studies on species ecology, distribution, status, and promoting conservation efforts to safeguard Singapore’s herpetofauna.
A key to European species of Hyposoter Förster, 1869(Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae) with descriptions of 18 new species, and notes on all included species
Authors: GALSWORTHY ANTHONY , SHAW MARK R. , HARALDSEIDE HÅKON
Published: May 2023

An identification key is presented to European species of Hyposoter falling morphologically within the definition of Townes (1970). Eighteen new species are described: Hyposoter aglyphus Galsworthy & Shaw sp. nov., H. albosignatus Galsworthy & Shaw sp. nov., H. castaneus Galsworthy & Shaw sp. nov., H. flavicoxa Galsworthy & Shaw sp. nov., H. flaviventer Galsworthy & Shaw sp. nov., H. heidiella Galsworthy & Haraldseide sp. nov., H. horstmanni Galsworthy & Shaw sp. nov., H. jubator Galsworthy & Shaw sp. nov., H. karmensis Galsworthy & Haraldseide sp. nov., H. monensis Galsworthy & Shaw sp. nov., H. morairae Galsworthy & Shaw sp. nov., H. naso Galsworthy & Shaw sp. nov., H. pechipogator Galsworthy & Shaw sp. nov., H. pseudodidymator Galsworthy & Shaw sp. nov., H. pseudovalidus Galsworthy & Shaw sp. nov., H. rivulator Galsworthy & Shaw sp. nov., H. ruficoxator Galsworthy & Shaw sp. nov., H. rufonigrator Galsworthy & Shaw sp. nov. Angitia alpicola Smits van Burgst, 1914 is transferred to Hyposoter comb. nov. H. carbonarius insulator Aubert, 1960 is raised to species level stat. nov. H. dubitatus (Holmgren, 1860) is returned to full species status from synonymy with H. sicarius (Gravenhorst, 1829) stat. rev. The following new synonymies are proposed: Limneria obscurella Holmgren, 1860 of Limneria neglecta Holmgren, 1860 syn. nov.; Anilasta berberatae Habermehl, 1922 of Campoplex seniculus Gravenhorst, 1829 syn. nov.; Hyposoter nigrior Aubert, 1993 of Anilasta tibialis Hedwig, 1938 syn. nov.; Rhythmonotus singularis Schmiedeknecht, 1909 of Campoplex tricolor Ratzeburg, 1844 syn. nov.; Hyposoter postcaedator Aubert, 1964 of Hyposoter alpicola Smits van Burgst, 1914 syn. nov. Lectotypes are designated for the following names: Hyposoter postcaedator Aubert, 1964; Hyposoter carbonarius insulator Aubert, 1960; Hyposoter rufovariatus meridionellator Aubert, 1965; Hyposoter praecaedator Aubert, 1963; Hyposoter rapacitor Aubert, 1971. Notes are provided on all included species.
Six genera of the subtribe Macrothripina from Southeast Asia to Taiwan (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae, Idolothripinae)
Authors: OKAJIMA SHÛJI , MASUMOTO MASAMI
Published: May 2023

Six genera with 35 species of fungal spore feeding idolothripine thrips included in the subtribe Macrothripina of the tribe Pygothripini are recognised from Southeast Asia to Taiwan. In which one genus and 21 species are newly described: Aesthesiothrips breviconus sp. n., A. elongatus sp. n., Celidothrips floresi, sp. n., Ethirothrips colossus, sp. n., E. conopygus sp. n., E. dalatae sp. n., E. duricaudus sp. n., E. kasetsarti sp. n., E. longiceps sp. n., E. malaya sp. n., E. oculus sp. n., E. ommatus sp. n., E. puiensis sp. n., E. quadratus sp. n., E. saigon sp. n., E. setosus sp. n., E. tenuis sp. n., E. terminalis sp. n., E. thai sp. n., Fernothrips femoralis gen. et sp. n., Polytrichothrips malayanus sp. n., and two species are redescribed: E. longisetis and E. rubeus. Moreover, five species of two genera are newly recorded from Southeast Asia: E. brevis from Indonesia and Thailand, E. longisetis from Laos, E. obscurus from Indonesia and Thailand, E. rubeus from Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam, and Ischyrothrips crassus from Thailand. Generic definitions of two genera, Aesthesiothrips and Ethirothrips, are re-examined. Five keys are provided for: 12 Macrothripina genera from Asia, three Aestethiothrips species, two Celidothrips species from Southeast Asia, 26 Ethirothrips species from Southeast Asia to Taiwan, and three Polytrichothrips species.
Process-Oriented Diagnostics: Principles, Practice, Community Development, and Common Standards
Authors: Neelin J. David , Krasting John P. , Radhakrishnan Aparna , Liptak Jessica , Jackson Thomas , Ming Yi , Dong Wenhao , Gettelman Andrew , Coleman Danielle R. , Maloney Eric D. , Wing Allison A. , Kuo Yi-Hung , Ahmed Fiaz , Ullrich Paul , Bitz Cecilia M. , Neale Richard B. , Ordonez Ana , Maroon Elizabeth A.
Published: May 2023

Process-oriented diagnostics (PODs) aim to provide feedback for model developers through model analysis based on physical hypotheses. However, the step from a diagnostic based on relationships among variables, even when hypothesis driven, to specific guidance for revising model formulation or parameterizations can be substantial. The POD may provide more information than a purely performance-based metric, but a gap between POD principles and providing actionable information for specific model revisions can remain. Furthermore, in coordinating diagnostics development, there is a trade-off between freedom for the developer, aiming to capture innovation, and near-term utility to the modeling center. Best practices that allow for the former, while conforming to specifications that aid the latter, are important for community diagnostics development that leads to tangible model improvements. Promising directions to close the gap between principles and practice include the interaction of PODs with perturbed physics experiments and with more quantitative process models as well as the inclusion of personnel from modeling centers in diagnostics development groups for immediate feedback during climate model revisions. Examples are provided, along with best-practice recommendations, based on practical experience from the NOAA Model Diagnostics Task Force (MDTF). Common standards for metrics and diagnostics that have arisen from a collaboration between the MDTF and the Department of Energy’s Coordinated Model Evaluation Capability are advocated as a means of uniting community diagnostics efforts.
A Platform for Active Stabilization of High-Altitude Balloon Payloads
Authors: Stark Jaiden , McKinney Todd , Booker Quinn , Downey Melinda , Golley Evan , Marshall Timothy , Roberts Alexander , Thompson Jake
Published: May 2023

Weather balloon payloads are commonly used by atmospheric researchers and enthusiasts to gain insight about the upper atmosphere. Balloon payloads are often unstable during flight due to high wind speeds that are experienced in both the troposphere and the lower stratosphere. High Altitude Visual Orientation Control (HAVOC) is a platform of cold-gas thrusters designed to control the azimuth of high-altitude balloon payloads to counteract high wind conditions. HAVOC’s active control scheme uses valves that direct the flow of pressurized gas into two sets of nozzles that can generate torque in either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction. This counteracts the rotation induced by wind and other forces encountered during a high-altitude balloon flight. The HAVOC design is discussed including its methods of measuring and controlling balloon payload rotation. Data from preliminary flights are presented, demonstrating the system’s ability to reduce payload rotation to a user-defined ±40° s−1 for a duration of 1 h 49 min and to maintain a fixed payload azimuth within ±30° for 1 h. In addition, we present possible uses for the HAVOC system tailored to the type of user, including atmospheric researchers, videographers, and students.
A Meta-Analysis on Behavioral Support Training and General Education Teacher Implementation
Authors: Samudre Mark D. , LeJeune Lauren M. , Anderson Eric J. , Viotto Jacqueline A. , Brock Matthew E. , Nichols Hannah
Published: May 2023

The success of teachers is tied to their effectiveness in managing student behavior. In this meta-analysis, we identified 49 single-case-design studies that evaluated the effectiveness of teacher training on their implementation of behavioral support strategies. Training was most often provided in a one-on-one format ( n = 18) and included ongoing coaching ( n = 20). Thirty-three of the 49 designs met What Works Clearinghouse standards with or without reservations. The overall between-case standardized mean difference effect size was d = 1.50. We analyzed and grouped teacher- and student-level outcomes as a result of training into five domains: (a) teacher-delivered praise ( d = 1.94), (b) teacher desirable behavior (e.g., treatment fidelity; d = 1.22), (c) teacher undesirable behavior (e.g., reprimands; d = 0.87), (d) student desirable behavior ( d = 1.88), and (e) student undesirable behavior ( d = 1.22). Across all studies, the combined nonoverlap of all pairs scores ranged from 0.37 to 1.0 ( M = 0.866). We discuss future areas of research as well as implications for teacher training in behavioral support implementation.
The power of anonymity: An exploratory study into the role of Crimestoppers in reporting and investigating crime in England and Wales
Authors: Rabaiotti Ella , Smith Richard
Published: May 2023

The UK charity Crimestoppers supports the police by taking and passing on information about crime. However, its service has been subject to little examination. This paper explores how Crimestoppers acts as an enabler to reporting crime and assists the police in solving crime. A small-scale qualitative study, using semi-structured interviews, was conducted with participants drawn from Crimestoppers’ contact centre and two Welsh police forces. Following a thematic analysis, the overarching finding submits that ‘anonymity’ is the golden thread which preserves Crimestoppers existence. The charity has a strong relationship with the police and exists in a network of plural policing.
Patient safety in prisons: a multi-method analysis of reported incidents in England
Authors: McFadzean Isobel J , Davies Kate , Purchase Thomas , Edwards Adrian , Hellard Stuart , Ashcroft Darren M , Avery Anthony J , Flynn Sandra , Hewson Tom , Jordan Melanie , Keers Richard , Panagioti Maria , Wainwright Verity , Walter Florian , Shaw Jenny , Carson-Stevens Andrew
Published: May 2023

Objectives

Prisoners use healthcare services three times more frequently than the general population with poorer health outcomes. Their distinct healthcare needs often pose challenges to safe healthcare provision. This study aimed to characterise patient safety incidents reported in prisons to guide practice improvement and identify health policy priorities. Design: We carried out an exploratory multi-method analysis of anonymised safety incidents from prisons.

Setting

Safety incidents had been reported to the National Reporting and Learning System by prisons in England between April 2018 and March 2019.

Participants

Reports were reviewed to identify any unintended or unexpected incident(s) which could have, or did, lead to harm for prisoners receiving healthcare.

Main outcome measures

Free-text descriptions were examined to identify the type and nature of safety incidents, their outcomes and harm severity. Analysis was contextualised with subject experts through structured workshops to explain relationships between the most common incidents and contributory factors.

Results

Of 4112 reports, the most frequently observed incidents were medication-related (n = 1167, 33%), specifically whilst administering medications (n = 626, 54%). Next, were access-related (n = 559,15%), inclusive of delays in patients accessing healthcare professionals (n = 236, 42%) and managing medical appointments (n =  171, 31%). The workshops contextualised incidents involving contributing factors (n = 1529, 28%) into three key themes, namely healthcare access, continuity of care and the balance between prison and healthcare priorities.

Conclusions

This study highlights the importance of improving medication safety and access to healthcare services for prisoners. We recommend staffing level reviews to ensure healthcare appointments are attended, and to review procedures for handling missed appointments, communication during patient transfers and medication prescribing.
The political theory of technological change: Lessons from the liberalism-ecologism debate
Authors: Keary Michael
Published: May 2023

Little consideration has been given to the process of technological change in political theory. Given that ideas about this process play an important role in many strands of normative political thought, and are especially crucial to climate change politics, this is a remarkable oversight. It risks political theory being irrelevant to climate change mitigation. The implications of this oversight for political theory are explored here through an analysis of the liberalism-ecologism debate. The article argues that attempts to green liberalism – to move it beyond environmentalism – cannot succeed while liberalism is silent about technological change. More broadly, given that most political theory traditions make claims about technological change, claims crucial to their worldviews and normative goals, it argues that much more theorisation of the concept is necessary. Especially now that they shape how the world understands climate change mitigation, contests over the meaning of technological change are intensely political contests. Political theory needs to get much more involved.
Borderland's theory in indigenous ethnic community archiving
Authors: Bhebhe Sindiso
Published: May 2023

The main purpose of this article is to bring to the fore the nexus between what borderlands theory stands for and the mushrooming of community archives in these areas as a form of counter-archiving and documenting the ‘other’. Zimbabwe's borderlands are uniquely inhabited by the marginalised ethnic indigenous groups of people. This prevalent borderland phenomenon has seen the growth of community archives which border on archival activism. Therefore, this article, through literature review interrogates further this borderland phenomenon by giving an overview picture of the nexus between community archives and Zimbabwe's borderlands. One of the findings reveals that these community archives which come in different formats such as archives, museums, trusts, oral history groups and language associations seem to be a counter move by the marginalised to tell their stories which are side-lined by those in power. It is now almost axiomatic to conclude that the stories of those in borderlands are scarcely documented in the mainstream heritage institutions in Zimbabwe. Also, one of the leitmotifs which runs through the article is how the concepts of Information and Communications Technology for Development (ICT4D) are used by community archives in borderlands to further their objectives.
A meta-analysis of mobile learning adoption using extended UTAUT
Authors: Zhu Zhangxiang , Huang Wansu
Published: May 2023

Based on 35 empirical studies, this study conducts a meta-analysis of the factors related to users’ adoption of mobile learning to obtain unified findings. The results showed that factors are correlated with adoption intention in the following order, from highest to lowest: performance expectancy, attitude, perceived enjoyment, learning autonomy, facilitating conditions, effort expectancy, self-management, social influence, and personal innovativeness. Cultural differences among countries/regions moderate the relationships between perceived enjoyment and adoption intention and self-management and adoption intention. This study proposes an extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) to provide references and ideas on how the use of mobile learning can be improved in the future.
Identification of patients with chronic migraine by using sensory-evoked oscillations from the electroencephalogram classifier
Authors: Hsiao Fu-Jung , Chen Wei-Ta , Wang Yen-Feng , Chen Shih-Pin , Lai Kuan-Lin , Coppola Gianluca , Wang Shuu-Jiun
Published: May 2023

Background

To examine whether the modulating evoked cortical oscillations could be brain signatures among patients with chronic migraine, we investigated cortical modulation using an electroencephalogram with machine learning techniques.

Methods

We directly record evoked electroencephalogram activity during nonpainful, painful, and repetitive painful electrical stimulation tasks. Cortical modulation for experimental pain and habituation processing was analyzed and used to differentiate patients with chronic migraine from healthy controls using a validated machine-learning model.

Results

This study included 80 participants: 40 healthy controls and 40 patients with chronic migraine. Evoked somatosensory oscillations were dominant in the alpha band. Longer latency (nonpainful and repetitive painful) and augmented power (nonpainful and repetitive painful) were present among patients with chronic migraine. However, for painful tasks, alpha increases were observed among healthy controls. The oscillatory activity ratios between repetitive painful and painful tasks represented the frequency modulation and power habituation among healthy controls, respectively, but not among patients with chronic migraine. The classification models with oscillatory features exhibited high performance in differentiating patients with chronic migraine from healthy controls.

Conclusion

Altered oscillatory characteristics of sensory processing and cortical modulation reflected the neuropathology of patients with chronic migraine. These characteristics can be reliably used to identify patients with chronic migraine using a machine-learning approach.
Abortion Decisions as Humanizing Acts: The Application of Ambivalent Sexism and Objectification to Women-Centered Anti-Abortion Rhetoric
Authors: Dyer Rachel L. , Checkalski Olivia R. , Gervais Sarah J.
Published: May 2023

Women-centered anti-abortion rhetoric, grounded in ostensibly positive beliefs that pregnant people are precious objects who must be protected from having abortions, has proliferated anti-abortion activism and legislation. However, abortion stigma, marked by negative perceptions of people who terminate pregnancies, is the most widely used theoretical tool for understanding the social and psychological implications of abortion. In this article, we first integrate these two seemingly contradictory perspectives on abortion through the lens of ambivalent sexism theory. We then argue that ambivalent sexism paves the way for objectifying perceptions and treatment of pregnant people; specifically, our typology of reproductive objectification provides a tool for exploring how the abortion decision-making of pregnant people is undermined. Through this lens, abortion decisions can represent a subversion of these portrayals and treatment by affirming people who seek and have abortions as whole human beings. Throughout, we aim to counter White supremacy and cisheteropatriarchy, which have marked public discourse and psychological research on abortion. Finally, using this reproductive objectification framework, recommendations for clinicians and researchers are provided.
Currency Crisis or Overproduction? A Marxian Analysis of the Exchange Rate Peg Collapse in Brazil
Authors: Carneiro de Almeida Júnior Antonio
Published: May 2023

We revisit the recent past of the Brazilian economy in an attempt to present an alternative characterization of the nature of the late 1990s crisis. The theoretical basis of this analysis is Marxian political economy. This choice is justified by the contraposition between the Marxian theory of overproduction cyclical crisis and the most popular currency crisis theories, revealing that while the latter focus on the phenomenon’s appearance, the former analyzes it in depth. The analysis of capital accumulation during Brazil’s Real Plan shows that the examined crisis can be characterized as another manifestation of the aforementioned phenomenon: the overproduction cyclical crisis.

JEL Classification: B51, E32, N16
The Effect of Augmented Reality Technology on Middle School Students’ Mathematic Academic Achievement, Self-Regulated Learning Skills, and Motivation
Authors: Cetintav Gulay , Yilmaz Ramazan
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to investigate the effects of augmented reality (AR) applications in geometry teaching on academic achievement, self-regulated learning skills (SRLS), and motivation of secondary school students. The research was carried out on students in the eighth grade at a state secondary school in Turkey. The research was carried out according to the quasi-experimental design with the pretest-posttest control group, including 20 students in the experimental group (EG) and 20 in the control group (CG). While geometry teaching supported by AR applications was carried out with the EG students, traditional education was carried out with the CG students. Within the scope of the mathematics course, the achievements of the three-dimensional geometric objects unit in the curriculum were discussed. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the difference in achievement test, self-regulated learning scale, and motivation scale scores between the groups was statistically significant in favor of the EG students. The study’s qualitative findings show that the AR application is fun and interesting for the students and positively affects academic achievement and active participation in the lesson. The research results were discussed according to the results in the literature, and suggestions were made for new research and applications.
Towards untying colonial knots in Canadian health systems: A net metaphor for settler-colonialism
Authors: Jongbloed Kate , Hendry Jorden , Behn Smith Danièle , Gallagher Kʷunuhmen Joe
Published: May 2023

Forceful imposition of settler-colonial laws and institutions violate Indigenous rights to self-determination, with profound impacts on health and wellness. As a team of Indigenous and non-Indigenous health leaders working in what’s known colonially as “British Columbia,” our collective work advances the rights and health of Indigenous Peoples (First Nations, Métis, and Inuit) by dismantling Indigenous-specific racism and White supremacy. We envision settler-colonialism as a net composed of hundreds of thousands of “colonial knots” that entangle Indigenous Peoples and prevent sovereignty and self-determination. The net also depicts Indigenous resistance, and the way forward of “untying colonial knots” patiently and persistently every day. We unpack this metaphor of the settler-colonial net and the artwork that inspired it. Our aim is to offer one more tool to Canadian health leaders who are bringing their hands, hearts, and minds to the complex and messy work of arresting White supremacy, Indigenous-specific racism, and settler-colonial harm.
Collaborating and co-creating the digital transformation: Empirical evidence on the crucial role of stakeholder demand from Swiss municipalities
Authors: Weißmüller Kristina S , Ritz Adrian , Yerramsetti Srinivas
Published: May 2023

Digital-era governance is one of the central challenges of the twenty-first century and marks a fundamental paradigm shift in public administration. Based on the concepts of collaborative capacity and organizational maturity for co-creation, this study explores the factors that determine municipal administrations’ capacity to engage in digitalization-related collaborations. Using unique survey data from 720 Swiss municipalities, this study investigates the relevance of intra-organizational and extra-organizational factors in stimulating local governments’ likelihood of engaging in cross-sectoral and inter-organizational partnerships to implement the digital transformation. It reveals that extra-organizational impulses by digital change agents and stakeholder demand—in contrast to intra-organizational resources—are highly influential factors for municipalities to engage in digitalization-related collaborations. This study presents novel insights into the specific barriers to change and the success factors of co-creation in the process of municipalities’ digital transformation to inform theory, practice, and policy design.
Parametric optimization in co-axial laser powder deposition of cobalt-base alloys on DIN 1.2714 die steel
Authors: Raj Mathala Prithvi , Pramanick Ajit Kumar , Kumar Manoj
Published: May 2023

In this work, cobalt-based powders (Stellite 6 and Stellite 12) were deposited on the hot forging die steel (DIN 1.2714) by direct laser deposition using a 2 kW Yb-fiber laser. Single tracks were developed by varying process parameters—powder mass flow rate (25–35 g/min), laser power (800–1100 W), and scan speed (400–800 mm/min). Further, the influence of these process parameters on clad geometry and dilution rate was studied. Optimization of parameters was carried out using grey analysis, and the results were analyzed based on analysis of variance (ANOVA). It was observed that the optimal parameters for Stellite 6 cladding are a powder mass flow rate of 25 g/min, laser power of 1100 W, and a scan speed of 400 mm/min. In contrast, the optimal parameters for Stellite 12 are a powder mass flow rate of 35 g/min, laser power of 1100 W, and a scan speed of 800 mm/min. In addition, a correlation between input and output parameters was established using regression analysis. The micrographs of the single-track cladding developed under optimal parametric conditions consist of fine cellular structure at the clad-surface interface followed by course cellular dendrites and fine equiaxed grains at the surface of the cladding. Stellite 12 cladding exhibits higher hardness (545 ± 10 HV0.3) than Stellite 6 cladding (470 ± 10 HV0.3) due to the formation of more refined grains.
Adverse Childhood Experiences Among Social Service Majors
Authors: Kremer Kristen P. , Colburn Alayna R. , Carnes Rebekah J. , Jackson Dylan B.
Published: May 2023

This study examined how adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) shape selection of college majors that commonly lead to social service jobs. Using a sample of 722 college students, this study explored differences in total ACEs and prevalence of specific ACEs among students studying social work, criminology, and human services compared with students in a non-social science field and those in other social science majors. Compared with students reporting no ACEs, students reporting four or more ACEs were more likely to study social work (RRR = 3.74, 95% CI = 1.97–7.08), criminology (RRR = 2.51, 95% CI = 1.28–4.93), or another social science (RRR = 2.88, 95% CI = 1.34–6.20) than a non-social science major. There was no significant difference in total ACEs between students studying human services and a non-social science.
Increased Burden of Second Bladder Cancer and Rectal Cancer in Prostate Cancer Treated With Radiotherapy: Results From Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results
Authors: Lin JinFang , Zhan Xiangpeng , Chen Ru , Chen Tao , Jiang Ming , Li Yi , Liu Xiaoqiang , Chen Guoxian , Fu Bin
Published: May 2023

Background

Previous studies have confirmed the higher risk of bladder cancer (BC) and rectal cancer (RC) development among prostate cancer (PCa) patients receiving radiotherapy. In this study, we intend to explore the long-term trend in second BC and RC incidence among PCa patients undergoing radiotherapy.

Method

We identified first primary PCa patients diagnosed between 1975 and 2014 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-9 cancer registries. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated by calendar year of diagnosis among PCa patients receiving radiotherapy and not. P trends were evaluated using Poisson regression. 10-year cumulative incidence of BC and RC was calculated utilizing competing risk regression model.

Result

Of PCa patients treated with radiotherapy, SIRs of BC increased from .82 (95% CI: .35- 1.61) in 1980–1984 to 1.58 (95% CI: 1.48–1.68) in 2010-2014 ( Ptrend=.003). SIRs of RC increased from 1.01 (95% CI: .27-2.58) in 1980–1984 to 1.54 (95% CI: 1.31–1.81) in 2010-2014 ( Ptrend=.025). No statistically significant change in both BC and RC incidence was observed. The 10-year cumulative incidence of BC increased from 1975–1984 (.04%) to 2005–2014 (.15%) among PCa treated with radiotherapy. Simultaneously, the 10-year cumulative incidence of RC was demonstrated to range from 1975–1984 (.02%) to 2005–2014 (.11%).

Conclusion

we have observed an increasing trend in second BC and RC incidence in PCa patients receiving radiotherapy. There was no significant change in the incidence of second BC and RC in PCa without radiotherapy. These results reflect the increasing clinical burden of second malignant tumors in PCa patients undergoing radiotherapy.
In Brief
Authors: Zhang Rose Xueqing , Muzzerall Parker , Liu Sophie X.
Published: May 2023

Boundary maintenance, intergenerational cohabitation, conspiratorial thinking, and volunteerism in occupied ukraine: A snapshot of new research.
Science Wars
Authors: Gomez Charles J.
Published: May 2023

Charles J. Gomez on The Quantified Scholar and Study Gods.
First-line nivolumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for advanced gastric cancer, gastroesophageal junction cancer, and esophageal adenocarcinoma: a cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Cao Xueqiong , Zhang Mingming , Li Na , Zheng Bin , Liu Maobai , Song Xiaobing , Cai Hongfu
Published: May 2023

Background:

The CheckMate-649 trial compared nivolumab plus chemotherapy (NC) with chemotherapy alone as first-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer (GC), gastroesophageal junction cancer (GEJC), and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and showed significant benefits to progression-free survival and overall survival. This study evaluated the lifetime cost-effectiveness of NC versus chemotherapy alone in patients with GC/GEJC/EAC from the perspective of the US payers.

Methods:

A 10-year partitioned survival model was constructed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of NC and chemotherapy alone and measured the health achievements in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), and life-years. Health states and transition probabilities were modeled from the survival data from the CheckMate-649 clinical trial (NCT02872116). Only direct medical costs were considered. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the results.

Results:

On comparing the chemotherapy, we found that NC incurred substantial health costs, resulting in ICERs of $240,635.39/QALY, $434,182.32/QALY, and $386,715.63/QALY for the model of patients with programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) combined positive score (CPS) ⩾5, PD-L1 CPS ⩾1, and all-treated patients, respectively. All ICERs were significantly higher than the willingness-to-pay threshold value of $150,000/QALY. The main influencing factors were the cost of nivolumab, the utility value of the progression-free disease, and the discount rate.

Conclusion:

Compared with chemotherapy alone, NC may not be a cost-effective option for treating advanced GC, GEJC, and EAC in the United States.
A new category of “Aha!” driven by touch: A grip sensation into the directional seam on a baseball
Authors: Ishida Yukiaki
Published: May 2023

We report an “Aha!” experience which differs from conventional Aha's studied over a century in psychological science. The Aha we introduce is driven by touch instead of the visual and verbal modalities widely studied to date. It can occur when gripping a baseball, with a simple input that the red seam on the ball has a direction. Aided by a symmetry analysis and subsequent survey over literature, we show how our mental and physical representation of a baseball can change suddenly by the seam direction and unravel the factors that make the tactile sense into a joyful-and-insightful sensation. Our study sets a new category of Aha driven by touch, opens a new path to investigate the role of touch in our cognition process, reveals the seam direction as a new degree of freedom in baseball aerodynamics and pitching mechanics, and deepens the insights into throwing a baseball from our fingertips.
How do researchers choose their goals of inference? A survey experiment on the effects of the state of research and method preferences on the choice between research goals
Authors: Bethke Felix , Rohlfing Ingo
Published: May 2023

In empirical research, scholars can choose between an exploratory causes-of-effects analysis, a confirmatory effects-of-causes approach, or a mechanism-of-effects analysis that can be either exploratory or confirmatory. Understanding the choice between the approaches is important for two reasons. First, the added value of each approach depends on how much is known about the phenomenon of interest at the time of the analysis. Second, because of the specializations of methods, there are benefits to a division of labor between researchers who have expertise in the application of a given method. In this preregistered study, we test two hypotheses that follow from these arguments. We theorize that exploratory research is chosen when little is known about a phenomenon and a confirmatory approach is taken when more knowledge is available. A complementary hypothesis is that quantitative researchers opt for confirmatory designs and qualitative researchers for exploration because of their academic socialization. We test the hypotheses with a survey experiment of more than 900 political scientists from the United States and Europe. The results indicate that the state of knowledge has a significant and sizeable effect on the choice of the approach. In contrast, the evidence about the effect of methods expertise is more ambivalent.