bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological Study of Azadirachta indica (Neem) for their possible Antimalarial Activity with Emphasis on Resistance and Resistant Reversal
Authors: Jai Kumar Mishra  , Kumud Upadhyay  , Sharad Visht  , Ramandeep Singh  , Anita Kumari  , Hareesh Dara  , Sunita Singh
Published: November 2022

Malaria is one of the deadliest and oldest disease known to mankind for more than 2000 years that causes the death of 0.4 million individuals in 2009. In the era of resistance, multi-drug resistance, finding a new efficacious & potent molecule is always a challenge for Pharmacological science. Researcher across the globe see resistance threat in every molecule. Every drug, molecule whether new or old have resistance possibility. Therefore, researcher in this study tried to understand the behavior of chloroquine-resistant plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis (PYn) which is most experimented & reported animal malaria model equivalent to plasmodium vivax in human with chloroquine & the possibility of resistance reversal for some herbal extracts. 2-20 times chloroquine doses (10-100 mg/ kg) are not able to produce sufficient efficacy in chloroquine resistant PYn. Where 5 mg/ kg dose of chloroquine is effective dose against the chloroquine sensitive dose. Same while, most of the plant extracts are also not able to produce minimal therapeutic response on Chloroquine resistant plasmodium when given alone. However, plant extracts Azadirachta indica (AI) at 300 mg/ kg & 1000 mg/ kg shows a better effect when given with chloroquine 20 mg/ kg then alone. Out of all plant extracts hydroalcoholic extracts of dried leaves & ethanolic extract of dried bark of AI. Current approach of multi-drug dosage supports also supported here in the study with a thought of using antimalarial plant extracts during regular malaria treatment. Genesis of idea of referring standardized plant extract(s) in combination as oral dosage with prophylactic (travelers) malaria & malaria treatment or side-food for malaria will also possible. Positive results may pave a path for inclusion of herbal extracts or herbs as side treatment or drug resistance-breaker food for malaria.
THE CURRENT STATE OF HYDROBIONTS OF THE AYDAR-ARNASAY SYSTEMS OF LAKES
Authors: Z.A. Mustafayeva  , S.M.Namozov  , N.O.Titova  , J.J.Sobirov
Published: November 2022

The material for this article was the results of many years of comprehensive studies of the current state of the biodiversity of aquatic biocenoses (phyto- and zooplankton, periphyton communities and macrophyte associations, zoobenthic organisms and ichthyofauna), the taxonomic structure and species composition of hydrobions in the Aydar-Arnasay system of lakes. During the growing season (winter-autumn) of 2019-2020, from 186 to 224 species and forms of algae were found in phytoplankton samples, where the dominant complex is diatoms, blue-green and green algae. Zooplankton is represented by 67 species, of which Rotifera - 37 species, Copepoda - 17 species, Cladocera - 13 species. Periphyton is represented by three main groups: producers (308 species of forms and varieties of algae), consumers (21 species) and decomposers (8 species), a total of 337 organisms were noted. The ichthyofauna of the lakes is represented by 18 species and subspecies of fish, of which there are 18 species in the East Arnasay Lake, 16 species in the Tuzkan Lake and 14 species in the Aydarkul Lake.
SCABIES AND THE IMPACT OF SCABIES ON HUMAN LIFE
Authors: Togaev Akhror, Abdullaev Farrukh  , Norbaev Nurmamat  , Onarov Nodir  , Normurodov Fazliddin  , Choriev Muzaffar  , Sodikov Boymurod  , Sultanov Akram
Published: November 2022

In this article, the causes of scabies, its symptoms, its treatment, in which cases it is necessary to consult a doctor, and a lot of medical information about it.
CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL REGULATIONS OF UNITED KINGDOM: POST BREXIT
Authors: KAMARAJ R  , PANGA YAMINI
Published: November 2022

The Medical and Healthcare Regulatory Agency is a Healthcare agency which was established in the United Kingdom and regulates drugs and medical equipment. The guidelines for marketing drugs and medical equipment are under European Medicines Agency. The United Kingdom officially left the European Union on 31st January 2020. So, the Medical and Healthcare Regulatory Agency was started and the guidelines are given by them. The yellow card scheme was established and it collects the adverse effects data of medicals from the patients directly online on the Medical and Healthcare Regulatory Agency website which helps in drug development and new drug investigation. The licence for drug marketing was done through the Medical and Healthcare Regulatory Agency website. By submitting the documents in electronic Common Technical Document format. It will take around 12-18 months. There are some new marketing authorisation assessment routes Medical and Healthcare Regulatory Agency has published.
Bone Mineral Density and Body Mass Index: The Practicable Interaction Between Bone Fragility and Obesity Interaction
Authors: Maryam Inayat  , Zuneera Akram  , Syed Ahmed Hussain  , Usman Ghani Farooqi  , Sobia Akhter  , Mobeen Islam  , Safoora Tariq  , Muzammil Hussain
Published: November 2022

Background: Previous findings have shown that the body mass index (BMI) is related positively to bone mineral density (BMD). In patients with low BMI (<18.5 kg/m2), the levels of BMD have usually been decreased and the T-values have been low. The goal of the study is to assess weight-BMI-BMD relationships among743 healthy people from the Karachi Gulshan district.Methodology: The research comprised a population of 743 people classified into four BMI classes. The BMD measurement in all the study participants was done by using a Sonost 3000 (Ultrasound Bone Densiometer) from Osteosys CO. Ltd. Korea.Results: The findings of BMI and BMD correlation indicated that osteopenia was occur more in underweight individuals than the overweight and obese, while osteoporosis occurred more in those who were obese in the comparison under & overweight individuals.Conclusion: The study of the associations between BMI and BMD in both male and female participants revealed a strong positive association showed by Pearson's correlation analysis.
ELASTOGRAPHY IN TA TIGHTNESS TO EVALUATE MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY – A DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH
Authors: Ishika Chauhan  , Priyanka Telang
Published: November 2022

Shear wave elastography is useful for treating the musculoskeletal system. This drug is used to treat tendonitis, ligamentitis, and muscle pain. In the human body, the Achilles tendon is the strongest. The quantity and incidence of Achilles tendon overuse injuries and total ruptures in developed countries has increased in recent decades, owing to the fact that most Achilles tendon injuries occur in sports and there has been a general increase in sporting activity. Tendinopathy is the most common clinical diagnosis for Achilles tendon overuseinjuries, and it is marked by pain and swelling in the Achilles tendon, as well as an inability to engage in strenuous activities. Nonoperative treatment is helpful for the majority of people with Achilles tendon injuries, and those who do not respond to nonoperative treatment require surgery. In sports that demand jumping, running, and fast turns, a complete rupture of the Achilles tendon is common. Blue, green, and yellow/red are the color associated with rigid, intermediate, and soft tissue, respectively.Colour mapping will help us in rehabilitation .
Description of Wound Complication Post-Surgical Procedure in Mosul City
Authors: Mansour Talip Mansour Al – Rifa  , Saad Hussein Murad
Published: November 2022

Background: Health care provider perform experience in deal with chronic wound management by identifying the exact cause, location, and type of wound which must be assessed to provide appropriate care and minimize complications of wound which is essential in the current healthcare environment and for that wound assessment tools are designed to support all qualified nurses in the wound management field in delivering safe and appropriate wound care.Methodology: Longitudinal follow-up study design was adopted to conduct and accomplish the research objectives, to describe chronic wound patient demographic and health status characteristics, and to assess wound complication post - surgical intervention, a period from 9th of November 2021 until to 12th of July 2022. A non-probability (purposive) sample of (37) patients was selected, data were gathered by using assessment sheet to collect demographic data such as Age, gender, body mass index, lifestyle (which includes smoking, nutritional status; and mobility status)and a wound description data, Wound types, Type of surgery, Duration, Surgical debridement, Allergy from dressing materials, Wound location: head, chest, and abdomen, arms and legs, and back and Wound dimension.Results of the research show distribution of age group that majority (32.4%) of sample was in age group between (18 – 29) years and the lowest value of (2.7%) of the sample between age group (70 – 79) years, body mass index (BMI) finding indicates there was a high percentage (40.5%) of obese according to value (7.30), first assessment observation of wound type shows a high proportion of (62.2%) for clean wounds and (27%) for clean contaminated with mean and S.D (1.513± 0.768).Conclusion: essential of assessment tools and strict implementation is basic element for prevention of chronic wound post – operative.
Malaria during pregnancy: An insights of complications
Authors: Nayyar Latif  , Uzma Zaman  , Nasim Saba  , Kiran Farooq
Published: November 2022

Malaria is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality around the globe including Pakistan. Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum are causing the majority of infections which are increasing and account for approximately 35-40% of cases. Several physiological and pathological changes occur due to adverse effects of malaria in pregnancy. The current study was conducted in District Headquarter Teaching Hospital, Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan to govern the possessions and complications of malarial parasitaemia in pregnancy. Two thousand pregnant patients associated with malaria were included in this study. Regarding stage, and parity of pregnancy, malarial infections were found more common in primigravida and second gravida than in multigravida. Two commonest pathogens (Plasmodium vivax, and Plasmodium falciparum) were observed in pregnant patients. It was found that 84 (23.01%) of 365 women in their first pregnancy (P0) were parasitaemic. In 2nd, 3rd, and 4th pregnancies, almost 24.49, 28.94, 29.38, and 29.32% of women, respectively were parasitaemic. The maximum incidence of P. vivax was recorded in 3rd trimester followed by the 2nd, and 1st trimesters. Regarding pregnancy outcomes, 1.35% of patients developed puerperal pyrexia, 2.2 had an abortion, 5.50% neonatal death occurred, 6.90% patients had anemia, 1.25% patients have cerebral malaria, and a total of 6.6% complications were recorded in the current study. It is concluded that pregnant women are prone to malaria infections, causing spontaneous abortion, premature birth, reduce baby weight, and stillbirth, particularly in high-endemic areas.
Microbiological characterization of pathogenic Vibrio-like bacteria in the native species Guanchiche (Hoplias malabaricus) in the Vinces River, Ecuador
Authors: Ana Ruth Álvarez-Sánchez  , Jonathan Andrés Cevallos-Zambrano  , Aimé Rosario Batista-Casaco  , Marlon Fernando Monge-Freile
Published: November 2022

The study demonstrates whether the Guanchiche of the Vinces rivers presents pathogenic bacteria of the Vibrio type, which can cause many gastrointestinal diseases. The fish were obtained directly from the sampling sites, and the physiological and nutritional status of the fish was determined through the indicators Hepatosomatic Index (IHS), Gonadosomatic Index (IGS), Condition Factor (CF), and microbiological isolation and characterization. Values referring to total length (TL) 31.48 ± 1.08 and weight 322.86 ± 23.65 as well as biological indexes such as IHS 1.23 ± 0.13; IGS of 6.28 ± 1.11 and FC of 1.08 ± 0.11 were found. Microbiologically, two Vibrio-type strains were isolated in a selective medium corresponding to Vibrio Cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus; this research work is important to prevent the population from the presence of bacteria that can endanger human health.
Correlation between Serum Interleukin-12 and Lipid Profiles in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Patients
Authors: Huda B. Hussein  , Ahmed D. Jabbar
Published: November 2022

The current study aimed to evaluate the level of IL12 CYTOKINE and how it correlates with the level of lipids in diabetic patients. The results indicated a mean elevation in IL-12 levels among the research participants (11.85: SE 0.64) compared to the control group (6.63: SE 0.34). This cytokine may be critical in the development of T2DM, in which inflammatory reactions associated with IL-12 gene expression are accelerated by interfering with excessive insulin concentration. It also showed an insignificant correlation between this cytokine and lipid levels.
Bleeding Control of Dental Extraction in Patients Treated with Heparin Therapy
Authors: Luay Hatem Jalil
Published: November 2022

Background: The administration of antiplatelet drugs to patients as part of heparin therapy is one method that can be used to prevent thrombosis. This can be done either prophylactically or in patients who are undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether or not removing teeth prior to treatment with dual antiplatelet medication is effective. Materials and methods: There were a total of 200 people who were investigated for having dental extractions done on them. The epinephrine fraction and the adenosine fraction of collagen with the operative surface, as well as the post-surgical measures and the adverse consequences, were both evaluated. Following the completion of the surgical procedure, all of the patients were given tranexamic acid-impregnated gauzes and alveolar sutures as part of their post-operative care. For the purpose of making comparisons between quantitative variables, the student's t-test and the Pearson correlation coefficient were utilized. As a consequence of these comparisons, descriptive statistics were computed and examined. We considered a value of P that was less than 0.05 to be statistically significant. Results: Both the epinephrine fraction, which was measured at 441 ±22.3 seconds with a range of 13050 to 350 seconds, and the adenosine fraction, which was measured at 201± 12.23 seconds with a range of 130-350 seconds, were measured to be longer than the typical range. The results of this study show that both of these fractions are longer than the typical range. Because we took all of the necessary precautions after the surgery, not a single patient experienced any post-operative complications like bleeding, hematoma, or infection. Conclusion: It was possible to safely perform dental extractions on patients who were receiving dual antiaggregant therapy by making use of non-resorbable sutures and gauze that had been impregnated with tranexamic acid. The patient was instructed to hold the gauze in place for twenty minutes.
A Comparative Analysis of Interpupillary Distance and Corneal Diameter for Assessment of Width of Maxillary Central Incisor Using Digital Photography
Authors: Amrita Pandey  , Manish Sen Kinra  , Uthman Saad Uthman  , Rajashekhara Bhari Sharanesha  , Abdulaziz Ahmed Almakenzi  , Deepti Virupakshappa  , Manjunatha Bhari Sharanesha
Published: November 2022

Aim - The purposefulness of this study was to establish if a correlation existed between interpupillary distance, corneal diameter, and the width of the maxillary central incisor in selection of teeth .Materials and methods - A total of 120 subjects-60 males and 60 females in the age group 18-26 years were selected based on predetermined selection criteria. On smiling the digital facial image constituting the teeth and the eyes were captured using standardized digital camera. The digital measurements of the interpupillary distance, corneal diameter (medial aperture height, tangential to cornea) and mesiodistal width of maxillary right central incisor in millimeters were analysed using Adobe Photoshop creative cloud software. The data was tabulated , to assess the association between the variables a Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation was used.Result –Although the Pearson correlation coefficient(PC) was relatively weak (r<0.39) a significant relationship existed between interpupillary distance and (right, left) maxillary central incisor width with p-value <0.01. A negligible positive correlation (r< 0.27) existed between right corneal diameter and (right, left) maxillary central incisor width with p value <0.01. A negligible positive correlation (r< 0.28) existed between left corneal diameter and (right, left) maxillary central incisor width with p value <0.01.Conclusion - The correlations between interpupillary distance, right and left corneal diameter with maxillary central incisor were unable to produce a strong positive statistical association.
Assess the knowledge about new-born care among the primi mothers at a selected hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat
Authors: Manesh Pawar  , Roma Patel  , Sanjay Shinde
Published: November 2022

Introduction: The postnatal period has been termed as fourth stage of labour. It has three distinct but continuous phases.1 postnatal period begins after the third stage of labour and includes first six weeks after delivery. During this time women’s reproductive organs gradually returns to the normal size and shape. Postnatal period is a crucial period in woman’s life and lot of physiological changes used to occur. They are in need of special care during pregnancy, at the time of labour as well as after delivery of child in order to prove safe motherhood and healthy living. The postnatal period is a critical transitional time for a woman and her new born physiologically, emotionally, and socially.2 postnatal mothers used to have physical and emotional discomforts, lack of sleep due to new born baby, visitors, noise, and discomfort with episiotomy. Due to child birth, mother becomes tired and weak. However, taking care of hygiene is also important for all postnatal mothers. Hygiene includes self care as well menstrual careMethod: The Parul Sevashram Hospital in Vadodara served as the study's location. A practical simple random sampling procedure was used to select 60 primi mothers in total. Multiple choice questions and a checklist were included in the questionnaire used to gather the data. Age, religion, degree of education, place of residence, and other socio-demographic characteristics were taken into account when formulating the questions. For this examination, a quantitative descriptive research design was adopted.Results: In this study, the majority of participants, Regarding age of the mother 11(22%) are the age group of 18-25 years, followed by in the age group of 26-30 years17(34%) and most of them were in the age group of 31-36 years 22(44%), no mother belongs to the age group of 36 and above. The results indicated that age of the mother and educational status are significant at the p0.05 level, socio-demographic variables like the mother's age, residence, employment status, family monthly income, marital status, family type, parity are not significant at that level.Conclusion: It is important to give primi mothers regarding newborn care knowledge and practice after delivering the planned teaching programme.
Age Estimation of an Individual by Pulp-Tooth Ratio measurement using radiographs - A forensic perspective
Authors: Krishna A Rao  , Abdulaziz Abdolah Y Althari  , Nasser Fayez M Aldhumayri  , Talal Eid Alruwaili  , Amjad Abdulrahman S Albulayhid  , Santosh R Patil
Published: November 2022

Objective: To estimate the age of a person by pulp/tooth ratio using digital intraoral periapical radiographs (IOPARs) of maxillary permanent lateral incisors.Material and Methods: The present study analyzed radiographs from randomly selected sample of 100 (50males and 50 females) individuals, within the age group of 16–65 years, further grouped as: Group A – 16 – 25 years of age, Group B – 26 – 35 years, Group C – 36 – 45 years, Group D – 46 – 55 years and Group E – 56 – 65 years of age. The pre-existing digital intraoral periapical radiographs(IOPARs) were collected from the archives of the institution. The images were saved as a high resolution JPEG files on a desktop computer and imported to the Adobe Photoshop CS7 image-editing software program for further analysis.Results: A statistically significant correlation between age and pulp/tooth ratio was observed and no significant difference between chronological and estimated ages was noted.Conclusion: An accurate age of a person can be estimated by pulp/tooth ratio using digital intraoral periapical radiographs(IOPARs) of maxillary permanent lateral incisors.
Efficacy of hyaluronidase and dexamethasone intralesional injections in the management of oral submucous fibrosis
Authors: Santosh R Patil  , G Maragathavalli  , DNSV Ramesh  , Krishna A Rao  , Hanin Madallah AlAnazi  , Wafa Faisal Alshammari
Published: November 2022

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of intralesional injections of dexamethasone and hyaluronidase in the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF).Materials and Methods: The present study included 180 patients with OSMF who were divided into four groups and 45 healthy individuals who were included in the control group. The OSMF subjects were injected with hyaluronidase 1,500 IU mixed in 1.5 ml of dexamethasone and 0.5 ml of lignocaine HCL intralesionally twice a week for one month along with a basic physiotherapy regimen consisting of mouth exercises two times daily. Individuals in the control group were administered placebo capsules. Treatment was carried out for 4 weeks, the burning sensation and mouth opening were evaluated before and after treatment.Results: A significant improvement in the mouth opening and reduction in burning sensation was noted in mild to moderate cases of OSMF after treatment.Conclusion: In this study, intralesional injection of hyaluronidase with dexamethasone is showed to be an effective method to manage the signs and symptoms in mild to moderate cases of OSMF
The impact of paternal obesity on serum anti-müllerian hormone level and outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection in infertile couples
Authors: Rabab Zahir Al-Yasiry  , Raad Talib Al- Garawy  , Sahib Yahya Al-Murshedi  , Raghad Hussein Ahmed
Published: November 2022

Objectives: The goal of our study was to investigate the effect of male body mass index on serum anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) and outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) (fertilization rate, cleavage rate, embryo quality, total embryos and pregnancy rate). Patients and methods: A prospective cohort study was carried on fifty-five infertile couples who encountered inclusion criteria. Blood samples were analysed for AMH. Semen samples were collected and examined according to World Health Organization ,1999. Weight and height measurements were performed and patients were divided by BMI into normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 Kg/m²,n=21), overweight (BMI 25-29.9Kg/m²,n=22) and obese(BMI>30Kg/m²,n=12). Results: A negative correlation was found between BMI and serum level of AMH(r=-0.507,p=0.001).Fertilization rate, cleavage rate ,total embryo and pregnancy rate were found to be not related to BMI while the good quality embryo was a significantly high in normal weight men compared to overweight and obese men(6.47±0.96, 3.77±0.66, 2.75±0.66). Sperm concentration was found significantly high in normal weight men compared to overweight and obese men(39.90±6.06 million /ml, 24.73±6.14million/ml, 7.42±1.73 million /ml). Progressive sperm motility was also high in normal weight than overweight and obese men(47.67±4.53, 30.82±4.16, 15.67±4.01). No significant difference was found in sperm morphology among study groups. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that BMI may have a negative effect on the serum AMH level and semen parameters with no effect on ICSI outcomes except for good quality embryo.
Comparison of Radon Gas in Different Water Samples at Al Haidariya City, Iraq
Authors: Suha Hadi Kadhim  , Rukia Jaber Dosh  , Azhar S. Alaboodi  , Ali Abid Abojassim
Published: November 2022

This study aims to measure the radon (222Rn) concentrations in the three types of water (groundwater, surface water, and health drinking water) in Al Haidariya city at Al-Najaf governorate, Iraq using RAD-7 detectors. The results show that the average of 222Rn in groundwater, surface water, and health drinking water were (0.276 Bq/L, 0.182 Bq/L and 0.132 Bq/L3) respectively, whereas the average of annual effective dose was (0.706 μSv/y,0.46 μSv/y and 0.337 μSv/y), respectively, While lifetime cancer risk (×10-4) with an average (0.027, 0.018 and 0.013) respectively. According to the results of 222Rn, the samples can be arranged in order groundwater, surface water and health drinking water. The results of the radon concentrations and the rate of annual effective dose for all water samples were significantly lower than the USEPA and WHO recommended respectively. The environmental effects of radioactive radon gas are almost non-existent, because the lifetime risk of cancer in all samples is less than the permissible safety limit for healthy drinking water, and therefore it does not affect human health.
Exosomes and Paper-Based Biosensors for Early Oral Cancer Screening
Authors: Dinesh Y  , Pratibha Ramani  , Karthikeyan Ramalingam
Published: November 2022

Oral cancer is a severe hazard across the world due to its poor overall survival and potential to metastasize to different sites of the body. Despite recent advances in diagnostics, detecting Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs) remains difficult. Conventional clinical diagnostics with assisted vital staging and optical approaches like velscope to identify OPMDs are both complex and ineffective. Rapid, easier, non-invasive and non-expensive methods with high sensitivity and specificity for precise diagnosis of OPMDs and Oral Cancer is the need of the hour to improve patient survival. Exosomes has recently become an appealing cancer biomarker in non-invasive early detection. Exosomes have unique physiology and pathology characteristics that reflect the cancer microenvironment and play a critical role in the incidence and development of cancer. Paper based biosensors have generated a lot of interest because of their excellent qualities like reduced technique sensitivity and real time output implying prospective role in cancer detection. In this review, we discuss in detail about paper based biosensor tools for early detection of various biomarkers, especially molecular identification and exosomes in oral cancer.
Metastatic tumours of oral cavity - A clinico pathological appraisal of six cases
Authors: Dinesh Y  , Pratibha Ramani  , Deepak Pandiar  , Reshma P K  , Gheena Sukumaran  , Jayakumar N.D
Published: November 2022

Background : Tumors metastasizing to the oral and maxillofacial region are rare and contribute to about 1% of all malignancies. Oral metastases usually occur in advanced stages of cancers. Mandible is the most common site for metastasis. It is a great challenge for a clinician to diagnose a metastatic lesion due to lack of pathognomonic signs and symptoms. Dental surgeons play an important role in patients where oral metastasis is the first sign of undiscovered cancer in other parts of the body. Aim: The aim of this study is to analyse the clinical, radiological and histopathological features of metastatic lesions to the oral & maxillofacial region. Materials And Methods: A total of 6 different histopathologically diagnosed cases of metastasis to the oral cavity were included in this study. Clinical demographic profile, radiographic findings, histopathological findings, treatment and follow up data were recorded and analysed.Results: All the cases included in the study were histopathologically diagnosed as metastatic tumors. The age of occurrence was in the range of 40 to 70 years and involved 3 males and 3 females. 4 cases had extra oral swelling as the clinical presentation. 4 cases involved the mandible. Radiolucent lesions involving the bone were seen in 87% of the cases.Conclusion: Based on the cumulative clinical data from the 6 cases, identification of metastatic tumors were based on histopathological findings correlating with the clinical radiographic and other investigations. Early diagnosis of the metastatic tumors of unknown origin could improve the chance of survival of patients.
Chronic Kidney Disease and associated Oxidative Stress with low levels of some important vital indicators
Authors: Najlaa J. Hasani  , Naiel A.K. Alkhafaji  , Ayadabbas Anied
Published: November 2022

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is an exhausted pathology and it has numerous causative factors, and when it reaches its peak in the end stage renal disease requires dialysis and possibly transplant. As the development of CKD is intently related with systemic inflammation & oxidative stress, and the latter can be liable for the emergence of many complications. Objectives: The survey aimed to evaluate the situation of oxidative stress in sufferers with CRD via measuring some biochemical variables within the serum of 65 wholesome human beings as a control group among the a while of 38-60 years, and the sera of 60 sufferers with CKD, old between 65 and 40 years attended to (The artificial kidney unit) of Murjan scientific city whom are identified via specialist doctors. Results: Significant increase are observed in urea, creatinine and albumin, in addition to malondialdehyde degree for renal sufferers compared with the control cohort, at the same time as confirmed stages of glutathione peroxidase and catalase and glutathione a tremendous lower in patients with renal failure while as compared with the monitoring set. Additionally did score level ceruplasmin, and nitric oxide statistically big difference.
Age-Related Changes In Blood Pressure Among Young Adults
Authors: Sabreen Hassan Howaidy  , Eman Kadem Chaloob  , Ghayath Aldeen T. Aboud
Published: November 2022

Blood pressure is the common name for what is technically known as systemic arterial pressure, which is the pressure inside the major arteries that feed the body's circulatory system. This number delineates the systolic and diastolic components of blood pressure. One of the most closely watched clinical markers, blood pressure, is essential in charting treatment progress. The importance of measuring blood pressure stems from the correlation between present blood pressure and the possibility of future health problems. A person's arteries and heart must work harder when blood pressure is high. In the long run, this stress may make the arteries less elastic, less intense, and thicker, all of which are bad. Monitoring a patient's blood pressure is crucial to ensure it doesn't rise to dangerous levels. High blood pressure, often known as HBP, is a severe health problem. The illness is sometimes called "the silent killer" due to the lack of apparent symptoms. For instance, a medical professional may quickly monitor the patient's blood pressure [1, 2]
Covid-19, History and Modern Laboratory Diagnostic Techniques: A Rapid Review
Authors: Mays Hadi Jebur  , Jwan Ahmed Hamawandi  , Huda Hadi Al-Hasnawy  , Lames Abdul-Razzq Abdul-Lateef  , Alaa H. Al-Charrakh
Published: November 2022

The great catastrophe that the world faced after World War II, which is the Corona epidemic, was discovered in the 2019 year in Hubei Province, Wuhan, China, and it is a severe respiratory disorder. The World Health Organization gave it this name, and it is one of the viruses (SARS-CO-2). Among the problems that the world faces is how to control them. Given the seriousness of the disease, we need to find quick ways to limit the spread of the virus. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test is the current gold standard diagnostic method for the diagnosis of COVID-19 and is considered one of the modern techniques until now for managing the current outbreak to detect SARS-CoV-2 infections. However, several other faster and more accurate tests are being developed for the diagnosis of SARS-CO-2 aiming to control the spread of infection through the identification of patients and instant isolation of the virus.
Physician’s Knowledge of Pharmacogenomics Services in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mohamed S. Imam  , Yousef Ahmed Alomi  , Randa M. Abdel-Sattar  , Rimiyyah M. Alruwaydhan  , May R. Alrouqei
Published: November 2022

Objective: In this study, we aimed to assess physician’s knowledge of pharmacogenomics services in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey conducted to assess the knowledge of physicians about pharmacogenomics services in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This is a self-reported electronic survey of dentists. We included physicians from interns to consultants to specialists employed in Saudi Arabia. The survey collected demographic information of the responders and their knowledge of selected pharmacogenomics elements employed in medical care. The resources of pharmacogenomics in medical care. We used 5-point Likert response scale system with close-ended questions to obtain responses. The data were captured through the Survey Monkey system and analyzed using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS), Jeffery’s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), and Microsoft Excel (version 16) software.Results: A total of 247 physicians responded to the questionnaire. Of them, 156 (65.00%) were female and 85 (35.00%) were male responders, with statistically significant differences between them (p<0.01). Most of the responders were in the age group of 24–35 years (162 (65.85%)), with statistically significant differences between all age groups (p<0.01). Most of the physicians were residents (61 (24.70%)), followed by interns (56 (22.67%)) and specialists (55 (22.27%)). The total average score of physician’s knowledge of pharmacogenomics was 3.06, with high scores obtained for the element’s knowledge of the concept of pharmacogenomics (3.42), the medications required the pharmacogenomics testing (3.20), and indications of pharmacogenomics testing (3.14). The pharmacogenomics international guidelines were the most used resource for the medication safety by physicians (97 (39.92%)) and colleagues/other physicians (65 (26.75%)).Conclusion: In this study, knowledge of physicians about pharmacogenomics services was found to be inadequate. Training and education on pharmacogenomics is highly recommended during the undergraduate and postgraduate courses for the best utilization and practice implementations pharmacogenomics services in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Practice of Pharmacokinetics Services by Physicians in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mohamed S. Imam  , Yousef Ahmed Alomi  , Randa M. Abdel-Sattar  , Yara A. Alangari  , Renad A. Alosimi
Published: November 2022

Objective: In this study, we aimed to illustrate the physician’s practice of pharmacokinetics in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey conducted to assess the practice of pharmacokinetics services by physicians in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In this study, we used a self-reported electronic survey questionnaire and distributed to physicians from interns to consultants and specialists in Saudi Arabia. The survey collected demographic information of the responders. Application of pharmacokinetic practice in medical care, often at pre-dose or post-dose levels required in medical care medications requiring the pharmacokinetics services. We used 5-point Likert response scale system with close-ended questions to obtain responses. The data were collected through the Survey Monkey system and analyzed using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS), Jeffery’s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), and Microsoft Excel software version 16 were.Results: A total of 259 physicians responded to the survey, with the majority of them coming from the southern region (98 (39.36%)). among them, 107 (44.96%) were male and 131 (55.04%) were female responders, and there was no statistically significant difference between them (p=0.120). Most of the physicians were residents (74 (29.48%)), followed by specialists (69 (27.49%)) and interns (68 (27.09%)), with statistically significant differences between them (p=0.010). The average score for the practice items for pharmacokinetics services by physicians was 3.24, with high scores obtained for the elements the vision of pharmacokinetics services system (3.76), pharmacokinetics services and medications errors system (3.40), and pharmacokinetics services and quality management (3.34), with statistically significant between the responses (p=0.000). The most of medication that had been requested for blood levels asked or observed were gentamicin 133 (57.83%), amikacin 45 (44.12%), and vancomycin 39 (33.05%). The highest scores of pharmacokinetics services or therapeutic drug monitoring are the clinical pharmacist’s responsibility (4.37) and nurses (4.23). Test reliability analysis of McDonald’s ω (0.829), Cronbach’s (0.774), Gutmann’s λ2, (0.792), and Gutmann’s λ6 (0.880).Conclusion: The practice of pharmacokinetics services was found to be insufficient in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Therefore, we recommend the implementation of pharmacokinetics services in medical care to prevent drug-related morbidity and mortality. Moreover, improving patient clinical outcomes in medical care in Saudi Arabia.
Practice of Pharmacogenomic Services by Physicians in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mohamed S. Imam  , Yousef Ahmed Alomi  , Randa M. Abdel-Sattar  , Rimiyyah M. Alruwaydhan  , May R. Alrouqei
Published: November 2022

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to illustrate the practice of pharmacogenomic services by the physicians in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey conducted to evaluate the practice of pharmacogenomic services by physicians in Saudi Arabia. We used a self-reported electronic survey and distributed it to physicians from internship to consultant, physician specialties in Saudi Arabia. The survey collected demographic information of the physicians and implemented pharmacogenomics in medical care, frequently of the pharmacogenomics items reported in medical care, medications executed the pharmacogenomics. The 5-point Likert response scale system with closed-ended questions to obtain responses. The data were analyzed using the Survey Monkey system. The Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) and Jeffery’s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), and Microsoft excel sheet version 16 were used to analyze the data.Results: A total of 247 physicians responded to the survey. Of them, 156 (64.73%) were female and 84 (35.27%) were male, with statistically significant differences between them (p<0.01). Most of the responders were in the age group of 24–35 years (162 (65.85%)), with statistically significant differences between all age’s groups (p<0.01). Most of the physicians were residents (61 (24.70%)), followed by interns (56 (22.67%)) and specialists (55 (22.27%)). The average score of items “Physician’s practice of pharmacogenomic services” was 2.99 with high score obtained for the elements pharmacogenomic services in the pharmacy (3.16) and pharmacogenomics services competency (3.08). Most of the pharmacogenomics tests requested or observed with the following medications: antiplatelet medications (125 (50.61%)), followed by antidepressants (113 (46.31%)), and antipsychotics 101 (40.06%). The scores of single-test reliability analysis for McDonald’s ω was 0.843, Cronbach’s was 0.809, Gutmann’s λ2 was 0.845, and Gutmann’s λ6 was 0.848.Conclusion: The practice of pharmacogenomic services by physicians was insufficient in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Therefore, we highly recommend the implementation of the pharmacogenomics practice in medical care. Pharmacogenomics services can help to prevent drug-related side effects and improve the safety and efficacy of medication in Saudi Arabia.
Knowledge of Physicians about Pharmacokinetics Services in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mohamed S. Imam  , Yousef Ahmed Alomi  , Randa M. Abdel-Sattar  , Yara A. Alangari  , Renad A. Alosimi
Published: November 2022

Objective: In this study, we aimed to assess the knowledge of pharmacokinetics in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey conducted to assess the knowledge of physicians about the pharmacokinetics services in Saudi Arabia. It is a self-reported questionnaire distributed in an electronic format to various physicians, including from interns to consultants and specialists in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The survey collected demographic information of the responders and their knowledge of selected pharmacokinetics elements in medical care such as resources of knowledge of pharmacokinetics elements in medical practice. We used 5-point Likert response scale system with close-ended questions to obtain responses. The data were collected through the Survey Monkey system and analyzed using various software such as Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS), Jeffery’s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), and Microsoft Excel (version 16).Results: A total of 259 physicians responded to the questionnaire. Of them, 107 (44.96%) were male and 131 (55.04%) were female responders, with non-statistically significant difference between them (p=0.120). Most of the responders were in the age group of 36–45 years (91 (37.30%)) and 46–55 years (85 (34.84%)), with statistically significant differences between all age groups (p=0.000). Most of the physicians were residents (74 (29.48%)), followed by specialists (69 (27.49%)) and interns (68 (27.09%)), with statistically significant differences between them (p=0.010). The average score was 3.50 for physician’s knowledge of pharmacokinetics services, with high scores obtained for the element knowledge of the concept of pharmacokinetics (4.12), the concept of therapeutic drug monitoring (3.67), and official standardized form for requesting pharmacokinetics services or drug levels (3.61), with non-statistically significant differences between the responses (p=0.313). The majority of the resources used for pharmacokinetic services by physicians were drug information resources (e.g., Micromedex, Lexicomp, and Epocrates; 128 (52.24%), and medical association literature/guidelines/recommendations (63 (25.71%)). We performed single test of reliability analysis using McDonald’s ω (0.897) and Cronbach’s (0.8878).Conclusion: The knowledge of physicians about pharmacokinetics services was found to be inadequate in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Therefore, targeting undergraduate and postgraduates training and education of physicians about pharmacokinetics is highly recommended in order to improve clinical outcome of patients and to avoid unnecessary economic burden on the healthcare system in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
A Peek into PEEK: the trending dental biomaterial - A Review
Authors: M.Sai Teja Reddy  , Ashok Velayudhan  , Dhanraj Ganapathy  , Suresh Venugopalan  , Gowtham Neppala
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Thermoplastic polymers have many potential uses in medicine and dentistry as an alternative to the commonly used titanium. Due to several advantages of these materials, metal-free restorations are performing an important role in current medical therapies. The aim of this review was to evaluate Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) as an alternative material to titanium in dental clinical cases. Methods: Original scientific articles published in Medline-Pubmed database were electronically searched to accomplish the objectives of the study. Only articles published in English were included from 2000 to present using a variety of keywords in combination. The studies relevant to our review were analysed and compared. Conclusions: The literature suggests that PEEK offers an alternative to titanium, especially in cases of orthopaedics and trauma. Its properties make it an interesting material in Dental implantology to be performed with CAD-CAM. Further studies are required to obtain sufficient scientific evidence to enable its uses as a permanent material.
Awareness Of Remdesivir Therapy Among Dental Students
Authors: Sanjog Agarwal  , Dhanraj Ganapathy
Published: November 2022

Introduction: While several authorized medicines and research drugs have displayed antiviral effectiveness against the SARS-CoV-2 , there are currently no validated antiviral therapies for treating gravely ill patients with COVID-19. No particular antiviral drug has been shown to be successful in treating patients with extreme coronavirus disease 2019 . Remdesivir (GS-5734), a nuclear analog drug, has inhibitory activity on pathogenic animals and coronaviruses in humans.Aim: The survey intented to evaluate the dental students ' awareness of Remdesivir therapy.Materials And Method: This was a cross-sectional type of research based on a questionnaire which included 100 dental college students in Chennai. A self-designed questionnaire with ten questions generating knowledge and awareness amongst dental college students about Remdesivir therapy. Questionnaires were distributed via an online database survey world. Questions discussed understanding of Remdesivir treatment, signs, counter-inications, action mechanism and side effects. Data were collected and analyzed after the answers were obtained from 100 participants.Results: 27% were aware about Remdesivir therapy . 15% were aware of the mechanism of action of Remdesivir therapy . 15% were aware of the indications of Remdesivir therapy . 12% were aware of the contraindications of Remdesivir therapy.14%.were aware of the side effects of Remdesivir therapy .Conclusion: There was limited awareness among dental students regarding Remdesivir in managing viral infections. Intensified awareness and education programmes must be instituted to disseminate knowledge about Remdesivir therapy.
Awareness On Current Status of Orthodontic Implant Among Dental College Students
Authors: M.Ovia  , Revathi Duraisamy  , Dhanraj Ganapathy
Published: November 2022

Orthodontic implants have become a reliable method in orthodontic practice for providing temporary additional anchorage and are useful to control skeletal anchorage in less compliant patients or in other cases where absolute anchorage is necessary. The advantages are easy insertion, decreased patient discomfort, low price, immediate loading, reduced diameter, versatility in the forces to be used, ease of cleaning, and ease of removal. This study was done as a questionnaire survey which was done in April 2021 and answered by the UG students of the Saveetha Dental College. Students who were involved in the survey included third years, final years and CRRI (Interns). The survey involved completion of a predesigned questionnaire containing 2 sections with a total of ten questions. Set-1 questions were about the demographic details like their Name, gender and the year of study. Questionnaire was sent through an online forum Survey planet only to students practicing in clinics (Third years, Final years and CRRIs). From the results obtained it showed that 55% of them were third year students, 28% were 4th years and 17% were Interns. 62% of them were Females, 38% were Males. The year of study of students was in association with awareness of orthodontic implants, Orthodontic implants can contribute significantly to being more efficient than traditional anchorage methods besides making treatments more predictable.