bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Accumulation, Toxic Effects, and Risk of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Pinnipeds
Authors:   , Soulen Brianne K
Published: January 2025

The present studies determine the accumulation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in three pinniped species, evaluate the relationship with relevant biomarkers of exposure, and calculate toxic effect thresholds. Stranded harp and hooded seals were found to be accumulating PBDEs at levels which could pose a based on threshold levels determined in this study. Northern fur seals are accumulating all three classes of POPs (PCBs, PBDEs, and OCPs) with significant relationships being seen with blubber percent lipid. Correlations between contaminant concentrations and expression levels of relevant biomarkers were seen potentially indicating an effect on multiple pathways. Overall risk can be hard to determine due to factors such as sex and age. Broad threshold response values and hazard quotients were calculated for toxic effect endpoints in pinnipeds. Overall these results suggest that certain populations of pinnipeds are at high risk of experiencing toxic effects due to POP exposure, but it is important to understand effects even at lower concentrations. The relationship between exposure, toxic effects, and other stressors, both environmental and physiological, can impact the overall fitness and survival of pinnipeds.
Wildfire Influence on Rainfall Chemistry and Deposition in Texas during the 2011-2014 Drought
Authors:   , Williamson Thomas
Published: January 2025

From 2011 to 2014, one of the most severe and intense droughts in Texas recorded history led to widespread wildfires across the state, with unknown effects on atmospheric nutrient and pollutant deposition. The objectives of this research were to: (1) characterize the frequency, magnitude, and spatiotemporal distribution of Texas wildfires (2011-2014); (2) identify smoke occurrence and source regions at eight Texas National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) National Trends Network (NTN) sites (2011); and (3) quantify the influence of wildfire on weekly rainwater chemistry and deposition in 2011 at three NADP sites (Sonora, LBJ Grasslands, Attwater Prairie NWR). Data on large wildfires, smoke occurrence, and rainfall chemistry and deposition were coupled with principal component and back-trajectory analysis to address these objectives. Between 2011-2014, 72% of all wildfires occurred in 2011, accounting for 90% of the total area burned. In total, there were 17 extreme wildfires (i.e., in the 95th percentile of hectares burned), of which 11 occurred in 2011. Wildfire activity was concentrated in West Texas ecoregions and consumed primarily shrub/scrub and grassland/herbaceous land cover. Although West Texas experienced the most wildfires, smoke at the NADP locations in 2011, the "high-fire year," was more frequent in East Texas due to regional wind patterns transporting smoke from diverse source locations. In 2011, weeks with smoke-influenced rain events––defined as weeks in which the rainfall event air mass trajectory intersected a smoke polygon, at any time, for at least one hour in the 72-hours prior to rainfall at the NADP site––had higher concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, NH4+, and SO42- compared to background samples (not affected by smoke). At LBJ Grasslands, four smoke-influenced rain samples deposited >49% of annual wet deposition for all ions. Principal component analysis identified wildfire as a key component contributing to the variance in the dataset. Taken together, these findings highlight the potential atmospheric and ecosystem impacts of future megadroughts and associated wildfires on smoke occurrence and fire-related deposition in the Southern Plains region.
The Choral Music of Elaine Hagenberg: From Process to Product to Performance
Authors:   , Cathlina Francis
Published: January 2025

The Choral Music of Elaine Hagenberg explores the oeuvre of composer Elaine Hagenberg through a musicological, qualitative, and performance-based analysis of her compositional style that has led to her increasing acclaim. This study serves as the first primary source of scholarly output on her. Through an examination of her musical background as a pianist and choral educator, one can identify her principal sources of musical inspiration: text, nature, and her faith. Shaped by these experiences, her compositional philosophy encapsulates five elements of text, form, rhythm, melody, and harmony as she strives to produce singer-centric, authentic, and socially relevant compositions that unite people together. What begins as a consideration of her background and compositional process culminates in practical musical analysis and conducting and vocal considerations to aid future conductors in creating compelling performances of her works. The compositions discussed are As The Rain Hides The Stars (2015), O Love (2016), Song of Miriam (2019), My Companion (2019), and Alleluia (2020).
Professional Identity and Participation in Activities Related to Evidence-Based Teaching among Four-Year College and University Biology Faculty
Authors:   , Vance Amy L.
Published: January 2025

This study examined professional identity of biology faculty at four-year colleges and universities and the relationship between their perceived identity, as a scientist or a teacher, and their participation in activities related to evidence-based teaching practices. This study drew upon online survey results of 328 college and university biology faculty from across the country. Results from ordinary least squares regression indicated faculty who work at very high, high, and Master's institutions had higher perceptions of science identity. Nontenure track faculty showed higher perceptions of teaching identity. Additionally, the results of this study indicated a strong teaching identity and favorable views on evidence-based teaching related to greater participation in evidence-based teaching practices. Science identity, though positively relate to the outcome, was not a statistically significant predictor of participation in activities related to evidence-based teaching practices. An implication for practice is to recognize biology faculty members' use of newer teaching methods, such as demonstrations of student-centered teaching in lectures in promotion and tenure review. An important implication for future research would be to explore if recognition for outstanding teaching through promotion and tenure cause an increase in the number of faculty who gravitate toward more education-based scholarly activities and, in turn, develop a higher teaching identity.
Fractography and Mechanical Properties of Laminated Alumina and Yttria Stabilized Zirconia
Authors:   , Cotton Shomari Johnny
Published: January 2025

Yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is a polymorph with possible phase transformation toughening occurring during impact. The fractography and mechanical properties of laminated alumina and YSZ were studied in this thesis. Five sample types were studied in this thesis: (5:5) Al2O3/YSZ (a sequence of 5 alumina tapes stacked on 5 YSZ tapes), (5:5) Al2O3/YSZ (1 wt.% Pure ZrO2), (7:3) Al2O3/YSZ, Al2O3, and YSZ. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray microscopy (XRM) were used to study morphology and crack propagation with three-point tests performed to study the flexural strength. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra of all samples pre and post three-point tests were examined to determine if a change in monoclinic zirconia occurred. The combination of SEM and XRM data found microcracks in the YSZ layers of Al2O3/YSZ laminates with none present on YSZ laminates, leading to the conclusion tensile stress was performed on YSZ during sintering with Al2O3. Fracture patterns show a curving of cracks in Al2O3 layers and abrupt, jagged breaks in YSZ layers with crack forking at major YSZ microcrack regions. YSZ laminates were found to have the highest average flexural strength, but a very high standard deviation and low sample count and Al2O3 laminates having the second highest flexural strength. The (7:3) Al2O3/YSZ laminates had a significant increase in flexural strength compared to both types of (5:5) Al2O3/YSZ laminates. Significant change in monoclinic presence was not found except for the (5:5) Al2O3/YSZ (1 wt.% Pure ZrO2) laminates.
"In the middle of a test, my kid throws up": A Phenomenological Case Study of Single-Mother College Students
Authors:   , Kelly Michelle
Published: January 2025

The single-mother college student population has quietly grown to over two million undergraduate students over the last two decades, but most of them will not attain a degree. What has been missing is a better understanding of the lived experiences of successfully persisting single-mother college students as told by the women themselves. This phenomenological case study interviewed 11 students from a regional university in the southwestern portion of the United States. Four themes emerged as expressed by the participants themselves: "Just because you have a baby doesn't mean your life is over" (Rebekah); "In the middle of a test, my kid throws up" (Sarah); "They're building me to be independent" (Anna Maria); and "I'm really doing this" (Juno). Their synthesized lived experiences were expressed through the simile of a seasoned gymnast. Overall, they shared adeptness at resource management and problem solving, strategically using support while building resiliency and self-efficacy. This study of successfully persisting single-mother college students can aid institutions in improving their support mechanisms for these students.
Religious Affiliation and Sexual Permissiveness Over Time
Authors:   , Ward Emma
Published: January 2025

In this study, I analyze the relationship between sexual permissiveness and affiliation with a fundamentalist religion and how this relationship has changed over time. I first consider previous research that reviews how religious affiliation, religiosity, and religious fundamentalism shapes sex attitudes and, therefore sexual permissiveness. I then review existing studies that discuss what factors influence permissiveness toward different sexual behaviors. Next, I discuss the mechanisms of religious institutions that influence sexual permissiveness. Prior literature motivates my research question as there is a lack of studies that explore sexual permissiveness across religious affiliations. This study fills a void in the existing literature by exploring the gap in sexual permissiveness between religious affiliations and how that gap has changed over time. After considering the current literature, I introduce a hypothesis exploring the relationship between sexual permissiveness and affiliation with fundamentalist religion. This study performs OLS regression using secondary data from the General Social Survey (GSS) that describes respondents' religiosity, religious affiliation, and attitudes towards sex. The study's findings show that affiliation with more fundamentalist groups is significantly correlated with more conservative sex attitudes reflecting lower levels of sexual permissiveness. The results also suggest that the gap in sexual permissiveness between those that affiliate with liberal, moderate, and fundamentalist religions has become larger over time.
Contradictory Attitudes towards Partisan Issues: Abortion and Gun Control
Authors:   , Pinney Sarah
Published: January 2025

In this study, I examine how self-reported religiosity predicts political opinion toward abortion and gun control. In particular, I examine how self-reported religiosity relates to individuals' inconsistent attitudes on these two issues where liberal attitudes are held toward one issue, but conservative attitudes are held toward the other. Most commonly, these inconsistent attitudes are found among individuals who hold pro-life (conservative) and pro-gun control (liberal) views. Using data from the 2018 General Social Survey, I find that religiosity significantly predicts these inconsistent attitudes regarding abortion and gun control. This suggests that religious ethics regarding life and death can offer a partial explanation for inconsistent attitudes toward partisan issues.
The Impact of Immigrant-Focused Public Policy on the Completion of Undergraduate Nursing Degrees by Latinx Students Enrolled in U.S. Public Institutions
Authors:   , Morris Kristine Witzeling
Published: January 2025

This study was the first to examine the impact of immigrant-focused public policy on the educational outcomes of Latinx students in professional nursing. Between 2001-2020, 34 states adopted policies that either provided or prohibited in-state resident tuition (ISRT) and/or state financial aid (SFA) to undocumented students. Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals Act (DACA) passed in 2012 gave a new group of largely Latinx, college-age immigrants unprecedented access to public higher education and employment. A rapid increase in the proportion of nursing degrees earned by all Latinx students, not just those who were undocumented, occurred concurrently with these federal and state-level policy changes. This study utilized fixed-effects panel analysis to estimate the relationship between DACA, ISRT, and SFA policies for undocumented students on the percent of nursing degrees earned by Latinx students between 2005-2020. None of the policies analyzed in this study were significant predictors of Latinx nursing degree completions. Broad cohesion among all models instead pointed toward the importance of gains in overall degree production among all Latinx college students, underscoring the important role of higher education in the creation of environments that support the success of students from this target population.
Ontology of Avulsion: Posthuman Freedom and Accidental Becoming
Authors:   , Grossman Jacob Wayne
Published: January 2025

Riverine avulsion is a radical divergence of a riverbed. In this dissertation, I take this movement as a paradigm for understanding the features of radical change. I develop a model for understanding the essential features of radical change. I argue that the main features involved in avulsion are tension, abandonment, and material freedom. In my analysis, tension provides the catalyst for change, such that it pressurizes complex systems of organization to the point of collapse. I use Catherine Malabou's work on denegation to understand the collapse of a system as an accident; the rupture of a system entails that it is no longer affirmed nor negated, it is abandoned by the process of becoming. Utilizing the work of Deleuze, I present the moment of rupture itself as the moment where materiality breaks free from the restrictions of an organizing system to becoming consolidated into countless new forms of organization. In my analysis of the ontology of avulsion, I employ a new materialist process of becoming to capture the complex networks of relations involved in the moment of creation. I challenge these Deleuzean and new materialist fields of philosophy over their affinity for affirmation by integrating accidental abandonment. Finally, I propose a potentiality for the freedom of materiality as a transcendental property of all systems of organization, thereby revealing their precarious continuity and inevitable abandonment.
Speech Rights of Public Employees in the World of Social Media
Authors:   , Hairgrove Benjamin Council
Published: January 2025

Legal rights for public employees are not clear in the area of social media speech. Following the Garcetti v Ceballos (2006) U.S. Supreme Court case, the pursuant to duty test was established. The social media speech of public employees, including educators, could be considered pursuant to their duties as an employee. This means that public employees are vulnerable to disciplinary action from their employer for social media speech. Furthermore, public employees are vulnerable even when they believe their social media speech is done as a private citizen. For this research study, 28 cases at the federal and state levels were analyzed. Seven of the examined cases were U.S. Supreme Court cases involving public employee speech rights. The other 21 cases were extracted from cases determined at the federal and state levels. The cases taking place after the Garcetti v Ceballos (2006) pursuant to duty test were analyzed to see how the test was applied to employee speech. Cases were also analyzed to see what other precedents from the courts had been applied. Additionally, private sector social media rights research was analyzed and reviewed to create more clarity for employees. The findings of the research show the courts have tested employee speech under the Pickering balancing test and the pursuant to duty test. The results of the case analyses were applied to provide clarity to employees regarding social media speech rights. Employee social media speech has to pass both tests to allow First Amendment protections. Employers need to create organization policy and training on this matter to protect the interest of both the organization and employees regarding avoidance of controversy.
Differences between Schools with High and Non-High Performance of English Learners Relative to Principal Leadership Practices and Social Justice Principles
Authors:   , Padró Eneida A
Published: January 2025

English learners (ELs) are the fastest growing student group in U.S. public schools. The purpose of this mixed method study was to gain an understanding of the relationship between principal actions and the academic achievement of ELs to determine which practices had the greatest impact on student achievement using archival achievement data. A mixed methods research study was conducted in an urban school district in North Texas to explore differences between principals of schools with high and non-high performance of ELs as it related to the implementation of leadership practices and social justice principles. The principals in the PK-5 grade level band who participated in an online survey, reported statistically significant differences regarding the implementation of leadership practices in the areas of leading student culture and data-driven instruction. Statistically significant differences were also found in the competency of driving for results within the social justice principles. Further data analysis of interview findings revealed the distinction between the high-performing and non-high-performing group to be centered on principal actions as inputs for effective teaching as it related to the implementation of schoolwide systems and processes. Further research is recommended to continue the identification of best practices that support the academic success of ELs in a public-school setting.
Nature Study
Authors:   , Abercrombie Benjamin
Published: January 2025

A collection of poetry concerned with loss and the act of creation.
Additive Manufacturing of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy via Friction Stir Deposition
Authors:   , Patil Shreyash Manojkumar
Published: January 2025

Additive friction stir deposition (AFSD) of AZ31B magnesium alloy was conducted to examine evolution of grain structure, phases, and crystallographic texture. AFSD was carried out using a hollow tool made from tool steel at a constant rotational velocity of 400 rpm on the AZ31B base plate. Bar stock of AZ31B was utilized as a feed material. The linear velocity of the tool was varied in the range of 4.2-6.3 mm/s. The feed rate of the material had to be maintained at a half value compared to the corresponding linear velocity for the successful deposition. The layer thickness and length of the deposits were kept constant at 1 mm and 50 mm respectively. The tool torque and actuator force values were recorded during the process and for calculation of the average input energy for each processing condition. Temperature during the AFSD experiments was monitored using a type k thermocouple located 4 mm beneath the deposition surface at the center of the deposition track. The average input energy values showed a decreasing trend with increasing tool linear velocity. The temperature values during deposition were ∼0.7 times the liquidus of the alloy. The deposited material then was examined by laser microscope and profilometer, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron back scatter diffraction (EBSC), contact angle measurement and micro hardness tests. The AFSD AZ31B samples showed reduction in areal surface roughness with an increase in the tool linear velocity. The X-ray spectra revealed increase in the intensity of prismatic planes of α-Mg phase with increase in tool linear velocity. AFSD of AZ31B Mg alloy resulted in shifting of the grain size from a broader and courser distribution within the feed material to a tighter distribution. Moreover, EBSD observations confirmed the refinement in grain size distribution as well as the presence of predominantly prismatic texture for the AFSD samples when compared to the feed material. There was a marginal improvement in the hardness for the AFSD samples compared to the feed material. However, there was no significant change in the contact angle measurements in simulated body fluid for the AFSD samples compared to the feed material. The current work demonstrated ability of AFSD technique for the additive fabrication of magnesium-based alloys and provided a methodology for examining various process attributes influencing the processing-structure-property relationship.
The Study of Network Governance in Continuum of Care (CoC), Homeless Service Networks in the US: Institutional Collective Action Framework
Authors:   , Jeong Jihoon
Published: January 2025

The dissertation investigates the form of network governance in the context of U.S. homeless service networks (namely continuum of care programs; CoCs). This research examines CoC homeless service networks by applying the institutional collective action (ICA) perspectives to understand the forms of network governance as a reflection of network context. The ICA perspective has been applied to understand the rational behavior of network members for the network governance form to mitigate the collective action problems. The ICA perspective helps understand why network members accept specific governance structures with their expectation to maximize the benefits and minimize the costs and uncertainty in their process of collaboration. This dissertation uses the data of CoC networks and point in time data from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development in 2019 and Census. The data developed for this study offers the homeless incidences, geographical characteristics, and governance structure based on the contact information. For an in-depth understanding, interview by CoC leaders was integrated. This dissertation consists of four essays about 1) Literature review on network governance and the theoretical argument in the ICA framework, 2) Background and network governance of the U.S. homeless service networks, 3) Factors affecting the choice of network administrative organization (NAO) form, and 4) Interviews by the representatives of CoC networks. The findings inform us of the governance structure for the effective service provisions and coordination of actions of network members and about why and how network organizations choose a form of network governance.
Predictive Modeling of Novel Mutations to DNA-Editing Metalloenzymes and Development of Improved QM/MM Methods
Authors:   , Hix Mark Alan
Published: January 2025

Molecular dynamics simulations and QM/MM calculations can provide insights into the structure and function of enzymes as well as changes due to mutations of the protein sequence.
Counting Plane Tropical Curves via Lattice Paths in Polygons
Authors:   , Zhang Yingyu
Published: January 2025

A projective plane tropical curve is a proper immersion of a graph into the real Cartesian plane subject to some conditions such as that the images of all the edges must be lines with rational slopes. Two important combinatorial invariants of a projective plane tropical curve are its degree, d, and genus g. First, we explore Gathmann and Markwig's approach to the study of the moduli spaces of such curves and explain their proof that the number of projective plane tropical curves, counting multiplicity, passing through n = 3d + g -1 points does not depend on the choice of points, provided they are in tropical general position. This number of curves is called a Gromov-Written invariant. Second, we discuss the proof of a theorem of Mikhalkin that allows one to compute the Gromov-Written invariant by a purely combinatorial process of counting certain lattice paths.
A Preliminary Analysis of the Effects of a Training Program to Teach Skilled Dialogue to a Behavior Analyst Working in a Culturally Diverse Setting
Authors:   , Reese Ashlee Keisha-Nikol
Published: January 2025

Diversity can serve as both a unifying force as well as grounds for intolerance of differences. Behavior analysts working in applied settings often encounter diversity and it is in these settings that meaningful relationships and harmonious collaboration are vital. Skilled dialogue has been recommended as an approach to capitalizing on diverse perspectives so that new solutions and meaningful relationships are developed. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a training workshop to teach skilled dialogue to behavior analysts. The participant was trained to provide welcoming, allowing, sense-making, appreciating, joining, and harmonizing statements using instructions, rationales, models, role-plays, and feedback. The effects of the training workshop were evaluated using a multiple baseline design across training components. Audio responses to role-play scenarios were recorded, transcribed, and scored in order to assess the effects of the training workshop on communication skills. The results of the study indicated that this training workshop is an effective method to teach behavior analysts to engage in the components of skilled dialogue, hopefully contributing to harmonious collaborative communication in their work settings.
Pricing Durable Add-Ons: Selling vs. Leasing
Authors: Yu Peiwen , He Haiyang , Lei Lei
Published: January 2025

Many firms offer products that consist of a durable base good (e.g., a vehicle) and a durable add-on (e.g., autopilot software). Some lease the add-on, whereas others sell it through intertemporal price discrimination or bundled pricing. Motivated by these practices, we examine whether a monopolistic firm should lease or sell the add-on when offering both durables. The literature suggests that leasing is preferable for a single durable good as it avoids the time inconsistency problem associated with selling. However, because leasing lacks an intertemporal link, it is less efficient than selling in balancing surplus extraction across consumers, leading to what we call the intraperiod imbalance problem. When the firm sells the base good, this can resolve the time inconsistency of add-on selling but perpetuate the intraperiod imbalance of add-on leasing. Thus, selling the add-on can be more profitable than leasing it. When the firm can choose between selling or leasing the base good, selling both the base good and the add-on can be more profitable than leasing both.

This paper was accepted by Dmitri Kuksov, marketing.

Funding: P. Yu was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72371038, 72033003]. L. Lei was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72301042, 72250065].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.03064 .
Entitlement Constraints on Franchise Systems: Evidence from System Acquisitions
Authors: Argyres Nicholas , Bercovitz Janet , Leenders Hugo
Published: January 2025

It has long been argued that acquisitions can enable new owners to make changes to target firms that target owners could not make due to implicit commitments to the target’s stakeholders. The empirical evidence for this idea has been thin, however. We develop evidence for it in data on acquisitions of entire franchise systems. We show that acquisition of these systems tends to result in higher royalty fees, especially in systems in which “entitlement constraints” bind more tightly, namely where multiunit franchising is emphasized and where franchise units are older. The implication is that relieving entitlement constraints may be an important motive for, or at least an additional benefit of, some acquisitions.
Análise da transparência pública nos municípios da Bacia de Campos/RJ
Authors: Souza Joseane , Lima de Azevedo Nilo , Fernandes Rocha Rogério Lucas , De Castro Silva Luciano , Frutuozo José Victor
Published: January 2025

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar o grau de transparência ativa, passiva e global nos municípios fluminenses pertencentes à Bacia de Campos. Inicialmente, o artigo traz uma discussão sobre o conceito de transparência pública e sua importância para as sociedades democráticas e, posteriormente, analisa a transparência pública nos municípios selecionados. A pesquisa teve como base metodológica a Escala Brasil Transparente – EBT 360° - desenvolvida pela Controladoria Geral da União. Através deste estudo pode-se constatar que na maioria dos municípios a transparência ativa é maior do que a passiva e que nenhum dos municípios da Bacia de Campos/RJ cumpria, no período de referência para a coleta de dados primários, todas as determinações da Lei de Acesso à Informação (LAI) para a transparência. Os resultados indicam, ainda, que para cumprirem as exigências da LAI os municípios precisam melhorar os seus portais de transparência, principalmente no tocante à divulgação de informações sobre as despesas públicas (mais notadamente referentes às obras públicas e diárias), assim como suas plataformas virtuais de Serviços de Informação ao Cidadão (e-SIC), em geral muito precários.
Legislações municipais induzidas pelo ICMS ecológico no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Castro Biancca Scarpeline de , Lima Rayanne Ohana Francisco
Published: January 2025

O ICMS Ecológico (ICMS-E) é uma política pública estadual que através das transferências fiscais visa incentivar boas práticas ambientais nos municípios. O Estado do Rio de Janeiro implementa o ICMS-E e entre os critérios para a transferência dos recursos exige que os municípios tenham um Sistema Municipal de Meio Ambiente, valorizando o repasse financeiro do ICMS-E para o Fundo Municipal do Meio Ambiente. O presente artigo tem como objetivo realizar um levantamento das legislações dos municípios do Rio de Janeiro que tratam da utilização dos recursos transferidos a título do ICMS-E, buscando compreender se o estado tem sido bem-sucedido em coordenar as ações municipais relacionadas ao meio ambiente. A metodologia é baseada no levantamento e análise documental a partir do método comparativo, a fim de apontar as similaridades e especificidades das legislações identificadas. Como resultado verificou-se que o ICMS-E tem servido como um instrumento de coordenação federativa, com municípios criando leis para destinar parte dos recursos recebidos a seus Fundos Municipais, em consonância com o interesse do estado do Rio de Janeiro em ampliar os recursos ambientais municipais. No entanto, essas legislações ainda não se tornaram efetivas, uma vez que não há comprovação do repasse dos recursos para os fundos, o que pode significar que ainda são necessários ajustes na gestão municipal para que a política tenha efetividade.
FERROVIA E CIDADE
Authors: Rossone Alves Jéssica de Fátima
Published: January 2025

A relação entre cidade e ferrovia move este artigo. Partimos do histórico da cidade de Barra do Piraí, expondo a sua intrínseca relação com a implantação das vias férreas no século XIX; abordamos esta relação no decorrer do século XX; e trazemos o debate para o século XXI, objetivando discutir as relações de poder engendradas na gestão privatizante desta infraestrutura que atravessa o território barrense. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter descritivo e exploratório, através da qual apontamos conflitos entre a conformação do espaço urbano e as operações empreendidas na ferrovia na atualidade, em decorrência da gestão privatizante da infraestrutura.
Sindicalismo comerciário e repouso dominical
Authors: Silva Eliane Aparecida , Teixeira Honorato Cezar
Published: January 2025

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir a questão da abertura do comércio carioca aos domingos e feriados, no período compreendido entre 2000 e 2010, suscitada pela relação pacífica entre as duas principais entidades ligadas ao setor: o Sindicato dos Lojistas do Município do Rio de Janeiro (Sindilojas-Rio) e o Sindicato dos Empregados no Comércio do Rio de Janeiro (SEC-RJ). A principal fonte que nos auxiliou foi o Jornal do Commércio (RJ), cujas publicações legitimaram o funcionamento do comércio carioca nos dias tradicionais de folga, bem como evidenciaram o consenso existente entre a entidade patronal e comerciária. A partir da análise desta fonte, constatamos que o noticioso deixou evidente sua posição favorável à abertura do comércio, além de defender com veemência o cumprimento das regras estabelecidas, através da Convenção Coletiva de Trabalho. Ao longo de suas edições, o periódico também mostrou a luta encabeçada pelos Comerciários de outros Estados pelo fechamento do comércio aos domingos. No que se refere às reivindicações da categoria comerciária direcionadas ao patronato, o jornal impresso lançou mão de notícias relacionadas a abertura do comércio aos domingos e feriados e ao piso salarial. A reiteração dessas questões nesse veículo de divulgação nos indica que a extensão da jornada de trabalho e os baixos salários eram os principais problemas vivenciados no cotidiano desses trabalhadores. Pode ser compreendida, ainda, como um esforço do jornal de mostrar para o seu leitor que a classe patronal não estava alheia às demandas dos empregados no comércio.
Palavras-chave: comércio; domingos; feriados; Rio de Janeiro; Jornal do Commércio.
El discurso vacío de Mario Levrero: um diário comezinho opondo-se à racionalidade neoliberal
Authors: Luis Figueiredo
Published: January 2025

O artigo analisa o romance El discurso vacío, do escritor uruguaio Mario Levrero (2011). O livro, na forma de um diário, narra os dias de Levrero com sua família acrescido de exercício caligráficos, que, para o autor, seriam capazes de melhorar sua personalidade. Apesar de tratar de um microcosmo familiar e de elementos introspectivos, apresenta um diálogo com fatores externos na medida que, na figura do autor apresentada no diário encontramos uma oposição às demandas sociais por desempenho que surgem por meio da racionalidade neoliberal. Como fundamentação, utilizaremos o conceito de racionalidade neoliberal (Dardot; Laval, 2020), bem como análises acerca de relação entre subjetividade e neoliberalismo presentes em (Alemán. 2016) e (Han, 2015). Concluímos que o livro apresenta a narrativa de um sujeito que se opõem a racionalidade neoliberal.
A maternidade compulsória em posts da revista Marie Claire: entre o amor, o ódio e a contradição
Authors: De Fátima Amaral Graciele , Aparecida Lachovski de França Marilda
Published: January 2025

Este estudo se propõe a refletir sobre os processos de produção de sentidos em textos-imagem indexados a uma reportagem da revista Marie Claire-Brasil intitulada Odeio a maternidade, mas amo a minha filha: é preciso falar sobre os arrependimentos em torno do ser mãe (em 16/06/2023) buscando compreender como se dá a resistência aos modos de naturalização na/da maternidade, bem como a constituição do sujeito mulher/mãe, como sempre dividido. Nos amparamos na perspectiva da Análise do Discurso de linha franco-brasileira de Michel Pêcheux e relida por Eni Orlandi, no Brasil. Perguntamo-nos sobre a (re)produção de sentidos sobre o “ser e não ser mãe”, considerando a maternidade imposta, “romantizada” ou compulsória, como parte de um conflito de sentidos e saberes, instaurando a resistência, deslocando sentidos.
A função limitante e inclusiva da preposição até: um estudo enunciativo
Authors: Carvalho de Barros Araujo Andreana , Eduardo Henrique Vieira Santos
Published: January 2025

Este artigo traz um estudo enunciativo sobre a preposição até. Do ponto de vista gramatical, ela é compreendida como vazia, porém não em uma perspectiva enunciativa. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o seu funcionamento e como seu sentido é construído nos enunciados. Para tanto, tomamos como base a Teoria das Operações Predicativas e Enunciativas, tendo como seu principal teórico Antoine Culioli (1990) e outros estudiosos como Franckel e Lébaut (1991); Franckel e Paillard (2007); Leeman e Vaguer (2016) e Leeman-Bouix (1996). Esta teoria trata os dados de modo a buscar invariâncias como resultado de uma manipulação minuciosa dos observáveis por meio de paráfrases. Os resultados demonstram que até apresentou dois diferentes funcionamentos e sentidos conforme os cotextos foram alterados.
Uma breve análise das obras da campanha Leia com uma criança da fundação Itaú social
Authors: Dayse Rodrigues dos Santos
Published: January 2025

O objetivo geral é analisar a coletânea voltada para crianças da primeira infância, no intuito de apresentar retrato dos e-books da campanha Leia com uma Criança, da Fundação Itaú Social, e suas relações com a formação de leitores. Este estudo se justifica por se tratar de uma campanha de leitura de grande alcance no Brasil na última década. Esta pesquisa bibliográfica qualitativa utiliza bases teóricas inscritas em estudos essenciais sobre a literatura infantil brasileira e formação de leitores. As considerações finais versam sobre o atendimento aos propósitos instituídos pela matriz da campanha, bem como da crítica literária infantil. Com a discussão dos resultados, nota-se que os temas mais recorrentes são pujantes e caros à humanização por meio da literatura.
A influência da sombra na formação identitária: uma análise em A noite da espera, de Milton Hatoum
Authors: Galeno Giovanna
Published: January 2025

O seguinte artigo está situado entre estudos do arquétipo da sombra, desenvolvido pelo psiquiatra e psicoterapeuta suíço Carl Gustav Jung, e da formação identitária na literatura brasileira contemporânea com um recorte na obra A noite da espera, do escritor amazonense Milton Hatoum. Trata-se de um estudo alentado sobre a relação entre o desenvolvimento do arquétipo da sombra e a formação identitária da personagem principal, Martim, a partir de sua personalidade melancólica, evocando implicações de um passado traumático e suas representações na narrativa. Este trabalho se propõe a evidenciar os aspectos traumáticos, estabelecer a ligação entre o trauma e a condição melancólica e demonstrar a formação da sombra, aspectos pautados em reflexões sobre o passado traumático de dor e extrema violência e suas implicações nessa construção.
The JCCP's general principles for the provision of safe and effective CPD for aesthetic practitioners
Authors: Sines David
Published: January 2025

David Sines defines the JCCP's definition and principles of CPD
BAMAN: updates for 2025
Authors: Bennett Sharon
Published: January 2025

BAMAN provides updates for the year ahead, and wishes all BAMAN members a happy new year.
A–Z of prescribing for children
Authors: Davies Kate
Published: January 2025

This series focuses on aspects of prescribing for neonates, children and young people, from A–Z. Aspects of pharmacokinetics will be considered, alongside legal considerations, consent and medications in schools
Prescribing proton pump inhibitors
Authors: Robertson Deborah
Published: January 2025

Deborah Robertson provides an overview of recently published articles that may be of interest to non-medical prescribers. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided
Performance comparison of two telescope configurations for backscattered light in space gravitational wave detection
Authors: Wang Yiping , Li Zizheng , Zhou Jinhang , Song Jie , Luo Zhenning , Liu Xinxin , Zhao Hongchao , Fan Lei , Yan Yong
Published: January 2025

In space-based gravitational wave detection telescopes, backscattered light generated by the optical elements of the telescope interferes with the received signals, affecting interference measurements. Therefore, the analysis and suppression of backscattered light are crucial issues that must be considered in the telescope. In this paper, the results of a numerical model and simulation analysis are compared to analyze the stray light performance of two existing optical design schemes for telescopes. The contributions of backscattered light from the four mirrors have been determined, and the surface roughness indicators for optical elements meeting the stray light requirements have also been derived. This work lays the foundation for the manufacturing of prototype telescopes.
Dual-modality SEM-Raman smart scanning for fast hyperspectral Raman micro-imaging – application to bones
Authors: Gilet Valentin , Mabilleau Guillaume , Loumaigne Matthieu , Vitale Raffaele , Oberlin Thomas , Henrique de Morais Goulart José , Dobigeon Nicolas , Ruckebusch Cyril , Rousseau David
Published: January 2025

Recent works on smart scanning techniques in Raman micro-imaging demonstrate the possibility of highly reducing acquisition time. In particular, Gilet et al. [Optics Express 32, 932 (2024)10.1364/OE.509736] proposed a protocol combining compression in both spectral and spatial domains by focusing on essential information. This protocol consists of a two-pass scan in Raman modality at different signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). The first scan of the entire sample area at low SNR, and was identified as the bottleneck of the whole process. We propose revisiting this protocol by replacing this first scan with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which is a faster imaging modality. We demonstrate that acquiring real data of biomedical interest according to this new protocol is three times faster, with limited distortion on the reconstructed Raman spectra and preserved clinical value of the extracted information. This is illustrated on bone samples for which SEM is correlated with Raman. We discuss the potential extension of this method to other slow spectral imaging modalities conventionally based on raster scans.
Robust holographic imaging for real-world applications with joint optimization
Authors: Zhang Yunping , Lam Edmund Y.
Published: January 2025

Digital inline holography offers a compact, lensless imaging solution, but its practical deployment is often hindered by the need for precise system alignment and calibration, particularly regarding propagation distance. This work presents J-Net, a robust, untrained neural network that significantly mitigates these limitations. J-Net eliminates the need for prior knowledge or calibration of the propagation distance by simultaneously reconstructing both the complex-valued object magnitude and the propagation distance from a single hologram. This inherent robustness to distance variations makes J-Net highly practical for real-world applications where precise system control is difficult or impossible. Experimental results demonstrate high-quality amplitude and phase reconstruction even under mismatched distance conditions, showcasing J-Net’s potential to enable robust deployment of holographic imaging across diverse fields.
Pre-treatment subjective sleep quality as a predictive biomarker of tDCS effects in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease patients: Secondary analysis of a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Lu Hanna , Ni Xi , Man Chan Sandra Sau , Cheng Calvin Pak Wing , Chan Waichi , Lam Linda Chiu Wa
Published: January 2025

Background

Despite transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has demonstrated encouraging potential for modulating the circadian rhythm, little is known about how well and sustainably tDCS might improve the subjective sleep quality in older adults. This study sought to determine how tDCS affected sleep quality and cognition, as well as how well pre-treatment sleep quality predicted tDCS effects on domain-specific cognitive functions in patients with mild neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s disease (NCD-AD).

Methods

This clinical trial aimed to compare the effectiveness of tDCS and cognitive training in mild NCD-AD patients (n =  201). Over the course of four weeks, patients were randomized to receive either tDCS plus working memory training, or sham tDCS plus working memory training, or tDCS plus controlled cognitive training. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to measured subjective sleep quality. The Alzheimer’s disease assessment scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog) was used to evaluate domain-specific cognitive functions.

Results

Recurrent tDCS treatments enhanced subjective sleep quality and cognition considerably. The poor sleepers (i.e., PSQI >  5) who received tDCS treatment had more cognitive benefits (p =  0.031, Cohen’s d =  0.605) and sleep improvements (p <  0.001, Cohen’s d =  1.209) in comparison to cognitive training. Pre-treatment subjective sleep quality was linked to tDCS-induced improvement in memory function.

Conclusion

During the course of two months, repeated tDCS could considerably enhance subjective sleep quality. For the cognitive benefits of the treatments, the status of pre-treatment subjective sleep quality is crucial. More thorough research is necessary to explore an efficient approach to managing comorbidities for preclinical AD patients.
Mental health challenges and perceptions of stigma among youth living with HIV in Tanzania
Authors: Mkumba Laura S. , Nasuwa Fortunata , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Shayo Aisa M. , Cunningham Coleen K. , O’Donnell Karen E. , Dow Dorothy E.
Published: January 2025

Youth living with HIV (YLWH) face psychosocial challenges and HIV-related stigma, which impact adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). This study was designed to understand better the change in mental health symptoms and experiences with stigma among YLWH in Tanzania who completed the original pilot Sauti ya Vijana (SYV), a mental health and life skills group intervention. YLWH who completed SYV and demonstrated a change of ≥2 points in either direction on their Patient Health Questionnaire PHQ-9 (depression screener) from baseline to 18 months were purposively sampled. HIV Stigma was measured using 10-questions from the Berger HIV Stigma Scale, and findings ranged from 4–16 for internal stigma and 6–24 for external stigma. In-depth interviews (IDI) were conducted in Kiswahili and included topics such as history of mental health challenges, perceptions of stigma, and experiences with the SYV intervention. Interviews were transcribed, translated to English, and analyzed for emergent themes. Ten youth, 18–25 years of age, were interviewed; 70% were male. Mean (SD) PHQ-9 scores were 7.3 (SD = 3.5) at baseline and 5.6 (SD = 5.0) at 18 months. All participants reported experiencing intermittent episodes of mental health challenges due to difficult interpersonal relationships and fear of stigma. Youth relied on peer support and skills from the SYV intervention to cope with mental health challenges and stigma. Participants reported fear of being stigmatized by others, which led to behaviors such as skipping medication or avoiding situations for worry about unintentional disclosure. All participants endorsed experiencing external stigma on the HIV stigma scale; however, only 3 of 10 participants reported experiencing enacted stigma when directly asked to describe an experience during in-depth interviews. Participants described how SYV helped them have “more confidence”, accept themselves, and incorporate positive coping skills such as relaxation (deep breathing) when they felt stressed. The findings suggest SYV helped YLWH accept themselves, develop positive coping methods, and identify and form peer social support; but stigma remains common. Descriptions of stigma were not recognized as such; experiences of enacted stigma were acknowledged by some participants. More research is needed to understand and measure mental distress and wellness as well as stigma in this population so that interventions may more accurately detect change in key outcomes.