bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biological Control of Echinothrips americanus Morgan (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Sweet Pepper Using the Predatory Thrips Franklinothrips vespiformis Crawford (Thysanoptera: Aeolothripidae)
Authors: Verachtert Niel , De Smedt Lien , Boonen Sten , Pekas Apostolos
Published: November 2024

Echinothrips americanus Morgan (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), also known as poinsettia thrips, has invaded several parts of the world becoming an important pest in many vegetable and ornamental crops. While biological control methods using predatory mites and bugs have been effective against flower‐dwelling thrips, they have shown limited success against leaf‐dwelling thrips like E. americanus. Franklinothrips vespiformis Crawford (Thysanoptera: Aeolothripidae) is a leaf‐dwelling predatory thrips that may offer a more effective solution due to its overlapping habitat with E. americanus which increases the likelihood of predator–prey interactions. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of F. vespiformis for controlling E. americanus populations in sweet pepper under greenhouse conditions. We also investigated whether supplementing the releases of the predator with Artemia franciscana Kellogg (Branchiopoda: Artemiidae) cysts would enhance the pest control efficacy of F. vespiformis. Our results showed a 93% decrease in the total E. americanus population with releases of F. vespiformis alone and a 98% decrease when the releases of F. vespiformis were supplemented with A. franciscana cysts, both of which were statistically significant compared to the control treatment. There was no significant difference between the two F. vespiformis treatments. Similarly, the abundance of both adults and immature stages of E. americanus was significantly reduced in the presence of F. vespiformis, regardless of the addition of supplementary food. Overall, these findings highlight the potential of F. vespiformis for the biological control of E. americanus and probably other leaf‐dwelling thrip pests in sweet pepper.
Iron and Inflammatory Cytokines Synergistically Induce Colonic Epithelial Cell Ferroptosis in Colitis
Authors: Wang Mo , Zheng Chang , Zhou Fan , Ying Xie , Zhang Xiaoqi , Peng Chunyan , Wang Lei
Published: November 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an inflammatory disease that occurs to the intestinal tract. Many patients with IBD often develop anemia and often receive oral iron supplementation. Many of them develop non‐compliance with oral iron therapy, but the mechanisms are not well understood. We interrogated whether colonic epithelial iron overload impacts cell viability and disease severity. We observed increased expression of iron importers and iron accumulation in mature colonocytes in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced acute colitis and in humans with active colitis. Administration of hepcidin increased epithelial iron overload and aggravated colonic inflammation in DSS‐treated mice and IL10−/− mice. Hepcidin‐induced iron accumulation increased colonic epithelial death, which was prevented by treatment with Trolox, a vitamin E analog and a scavenger of lipid peroxides. By using cultured Caco‐2 cells, we showed that iron and inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α and IL‐1β) induced a synergistic increase in the number of necrotic cells. We then showed that the combined treatment by hepcidin and cytokines increased labile iron content and lipid peroxidation in Caco‐2 cells. Moreover, liproxstatin‐1, a ferroptosis inhibitor, and deferoxamine, an iron chelator, both abolished the hepcidin/cytokines induced death of Caco‐2 cells, suggesting ferroptosis. We further elucidated that inflammatory cytokines promote lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis by inducing NOX1‐dependent exhaustion of reduced glutathione (GSH). Collectively, our findings demonstrate that the inflammatory context predisposes colonic epithelial cells to iron overload mediated ferroptosis, exacerbating colonic inflammation.
Information sharing and seeking about nutrition‐related complementary and alternative medicines in online forums for people affected by cancer: A content analysis of discussion threads
Authors: Johnston Elizabeth A. , Ayre Susannah K. , Kalepa Shanae , Bradford Nathalie , van der Pols Jolieke C.
Published: November 2024

Background

Online forums are a key source of information about complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for people affected by cancer, especially when information needs are not met in healthcare settings. This study therefore investigated nutrition‐related CAM information seeking and sharing in online forums for people affected by cancer.

Methods

This study was conducted in a major online platform that hosts over 10 forums for people affected by cancer and has more than 10,000 registered users. A search strategy was applied to the forums to identify discussion threads with nutrition‐related CAM information from January 2020 to December 2023. Content analysis was used to code the topic of, reason for, and source of nutrition‐related CAM information sought or shared.

Results

Of 121 threads retrieved, 40 eligible threads contained 155 instances of nutrition‐related CAM information seeking or sharing across 86 posts authored by 54 unique users. Most (89%) instances were information sharing rather than seeking. Topics commonly shared included using food items for medicinal purposes (e.g., ginger to reduce nausea) (25%), other sources of nutrition‐related CAM information (e.g., book or naturopath) (17%), and oral nutrition supplements (16%). Most common reasons for sharing nutrition‐related CAM information were strategies to manage treatment side effects (52%) and as complementary treatment (22%). Information shared was mostly sourced from personal opinion (44%) or experience (33%).

Conclusions

Information sharing about nutrition‐related CAM is relatively common in online forums for people affected by cancer. Healthcare professionals should facilitate access to evidence‐based information and advise caution when interpreting information shared in forums.
Short‐term vegetation shifts in an alpine grassland under current and simulated climate change
Authors: Forte T’ai Gladys Whittingham , Carbognani Michele , Vannini Andrea , Chiari Giorgio , Petraglia Alessandro
Published: November 2024

Questions

Recent years have been characterised by extreme climate conditions. Given that high elevations are undergoing enhanced warming and alpine ecosystems provide important services, we ask: Have alpine grasslands experienced rapid vegetation changes over the last five years? Which species are more sensitive to warmer and/or drier conditions?

Location

Carex curvula grassland in the southern Alps (Italy).

Methods

Species cover was visually estimated in 20 permanent plots, including both control and climate‐manipulated plots, during the period 2017–2022. Climate manipulations, that is, increased temperature and/or reduced precipitation during the snow‐free period, started from 2018. Principal component analysis, redundancy analysis and generalised least‐squares or linear mixed‐effect models were employed to investigate variations in species assemblage and species‐specific responses.

Results

Detectable changes were found in species cover over time and between climate manipulations, with warmed plots experiencing greater shifts in species composition compared to controls. At the species level, however, both increases and decreases in cover were observed over time, with only two non‐dominant forbs, Phyteuma hemisphaericum and Leucanthemopsis alpina, showing either increased cover in warmed plots or lower cover values under drier conditions. No treatment effects and the lowest variation across years were found for the two dominant species (the sedge Carex curvula and the forb Alchemilla pentaphyllea) which together make up more than 70% of vascular plant cover. Despite the short time period investigated, a major cover reduction was observed in all treatments for some snowbed species.

Conclusions

The plant species assemblage of the target alpine grassland was found to be sensitive to short‐term manipulations simulating future climate changes, with individual species exhibiting idiosyncratic responses to manipulations and different cover dynamics over time. A decline in some snowbed specialists already seems to be taking place even in these late‐successional grasslands — at a rate likely to increase in the future — with the majority of other vascular species exhibiting greater resistance to changing environmental conditions.
Teen Unions and Intimate Partner Violence in South America
Authors: TORRISI ORSOLA
Published: November 2024

Precocious exits from adolescence via early union formation are often argued to represent a strong risk factor for intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization. However, causal evidence for this claim is scant. This study examines the impact of teen union formation (before age 18) on experiences of IPV in Brazil and Colombia, where early family transitions are common and levels of interpersonal violence are high. Using data that allow instrumenting for teen union formation with age at menarche, results show that both Brazilian and Colombian women who start a co‐residential union before age 18 have a higher probability of experiencing psychological violence from partners. Early cohabitation is also linked to greater risk of past‐year sexual abuse among Black/Brown Brazilian women, and lifetime sexual IPV in Colombia, including among women who partnered once. Among testable potential pathways, age‐heterogamy (male partner being older) explains part of the results, but lower educational attainment among early cohabiting women emerges as a key driver in both countries. Education remains a powerful policy tool to confront both forms of gender‐based violence in South America.
Folate Biosynthesis is Boosted in Legume Nodules
Authors: Garza‐Aguilar Sara M. , Ramos‐Parra Perla A. , Urrea‐López Rafael , Berdeja‐Zamudio Wendy J. , Lozano‐Guajardo Josefina , Benavides‐Lozano Jorge , Ramírez‐Yáñez Mario , Díaz de la Garza Rocío I.
Published: November 2024

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) profoundly alters plant and bacteroid metabolism; however, SNF impact on folates and one‐carbon (1C) metabolism are unknown. To explore this, SNF was induced in Phaseolus Vulgaris with Rhizobium etli. Nodules accumulated the highest folate concentration yet reported in a plant tissue (60 nmol/g fresh weight). Folate upregulation was not exclusive of determinate nodules, moderate to high folate contents were also encounter in Medicago truncatula and sativa. Moreover, folates correlated partial and positively with N2‐fixation. 1C metabolism‐associated amino acids (Ser, Gly, Cys, Thr, and Met) accumulated more in nodules than roots. Subcellular profiling of nodule folates revealed that the cytosol fraction primarily contained 5‐methyl‐tetrahydrofolate, cofactor for Met synthesis. 10‐formyl‐tetrahydrofolate, required for purine synthesis, was most abundant in nodule plastids, while bacteroids contained low folate levels. Differential transcriptome analysis from nodule legume studies revealed that only a few biosynthetic folate genes expression was increased in nodules whereas several genes for 1C reactions were upregulated. For the first time folates were detected in the xylem sap, with higher concentrations during SNF. We postulate that folates are needed during SNF to sustain purines, thymidylate, and Met synthesis, during both N2‐fixation and nodule growth; nodule metabolism is then a 1C‐unit sink.
Evaluation of Adult Individuals' Climate Change Concern and Mental Well‐Being Levels in Türkiye: A Descriptive and Correlational Study
Authors: Sümen Adem , Kublay Yelda , Adibelli Derya
Published: November 2024

Objectives

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between climate change concerns and mental well‐being levels in adult individuals.

Design

A descriptive and correlational study.

Sample

The study was conducted with 513 adult individuals who applied to primary healthcare institutions between May and October 2022 in Türkiye.

Measurements

The research data were collected face‐to‐face using an introductory information form, the Climate Change Worry Scale (CCWS), and the Warwick‐Edinburgh Mental Well‐Being Scale (WEMWBS).

Results

Among the occupations of the adults participating in the survey, the group most affected by climate change was greenhouse cultivation with 30.8%. The top three most common events experienced by the participants in the study are forest fire (40.6%), earthquake (29.2%), and flood (19.7%). In the study, the mean CCWS score of adults was 33.92 ± 10.27 and the mean WEMWBS score was 50.20 ± 11.88. A positive correlation was found between the total, anxiety, and feeling of helplessness sub‐dimensions of the CCWS and the mean score of WEMWBS (p < 0.001). The mean scores of CCWS and WEMWBS of the participants who stated that they experienced an extraordinary event related to climate change, who had a relative who experienced these events, who followed these events from the media, and the mean scores of CCWS of those who experienced these events themselves were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05). The mean scores of CCWS and WEMWBS were higher for those who experienced forest fire and flood disasters; CCWS for those who experienced tornado; and WEMWBS for those who experienced earthquake and storm/hurricane (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

One of the most important results of the study is that there is a positive relationship between the sub‐dimensions of helplessness due to climate concern and the level of mental well‐being. It is important to increase climate change awareness activities at individual and community levels.
R&D Modes and Firm Performance: The Moderating Role of Network Structure
Authors: Yan Mengling , Yang Yushan , Hu Yanni , Dong Xiaoying
Published: November 2024

Firms frequently face two R&D decisions: whether to leverage internal or external resources along the organizational dimension and whether to conduct exploration or exploitation along the technological dimension. The resulting four R&D modes are internal exploration, internal exploitation, external exploration, and external exploitation. Over the past 15 years, as changes in market demand have accelerated and R&D has become more difficult, firms are no longer relying heavily on internal exploitation and are increasingly choosing the other three R&D modes. The majority of extant studies have drawn on ambidexterity theory to examine whether and how the balance of R&D modes contributes to firm performance. However, few studies have directly compared the mechanisms by which the four R&D modes affect firms' short‐ and long‐term performance. Moreover, as firms are increasingly engaging in external R&D collaboration, it is also worth exploring how the characteristics of firms' external network structure moderate these relationships. This work examines the distinctive performance impacts of the four R&D modes by constructing a panel dataset that combines the patent and financial data of 587 Chinese high‐tech firms between 2008 and 2017. Moreover, based on an index (network structure exploitation) that depicts the extent to which firms rely on previous collaborative partners in their current network, this work proposes that a familiar network structure plays different moderating roles in the relationships between the two external R&D modes and financial performance. The findings can help guide high‐tech firms in optimizing R&D resource allocation and establishing efficient collaboration networks.
Studying Everyday Variability in Gender Identity and Expression: An Ambulatory Assessment Perspective
Authors: Mullick Kashvi , Tidwell Colin A. , Mehl Matthias R.
Published: November 2024

No literature so far explores gender variability at the day‐to‐day, within‐person level, to what extent aspects of the social context impact this variability, and to what extent transgender, gender non‐conforming, and cisgender people experience this variability similarly or differently. This project explores the potential that ambulatory assessment methods hold for the empirical study of daily gender variability. A review of strengths and limitations of common ambulatory assessment methods is presented, and considerations for how to employ these methods for studying daily gender variability are discussed. Based on this review, and experience studying similar constructs using the methods herein described, we propose that self‐report‐based ambulatory assessments, such as daily diaries and/or experience sampling, may be particularly suited for capturing day‐to‐day variability in aspects of gender identity and that observational ambulatory assessments, such as the Electronically Activated Recorder or wearable cameras/sensors, may be particularly suited for capturing day‐to‐day variability in aspects of gender expression. When used in tandem, these methods can allow the study of daily gender variability jointly from the “inside out” perspective of the agent, and from the “outside in” perspective of the observer. In addition, mixed‐method qualitative elements such as open‐ended descriptions of momentary gender‐related experiences can be incorporated. Ambulatory assessment methods can help researchers better understand gender at the level of daily, within‐person variability.
Living Wages in Latin America: An Assessment of Disparities and a Stakeholder Roadmap for Action
Authors: Caldana Adriana Cristina Ferreira , Leal Filho Walter , Eustachio João Henrique Paulino Pires , Bonifacio Denise , Pereira Carlo Linkevieius , Barbir Jelena , Guimarães Yana Medeiros
Published: November 2024

A living wage (LW) refers to the salary that would be sufficient to cover the costs of a decent living standard for the employee and his family in a specific place. The topic is scarcely discussed in Latin American countries, which could benefit from it since the population of these countries faces several social and economic challenges, such as poor minimum wages (MWs), inflation and high poverty levels, even among employed people. To address this gap, this paper explores the research streams on LWs through a bibliometric assessment and sheds light on three case studies from Latin America evidencing the minimum wage gap in some Latin American countries. The results indicate huge disparities between MWs and LWs and, based on the bibliometric analysis, provide a stakeholder roadmap for action and a maturity level model for companies to adopt LWs.
Spatial distribution and predictors of drug‐resistant tuberculosis incidence in Mozambique: A nationwide Bayesian disease mapping study
Authors: Cuboia Nelson , Mutaquiha Cláudia , Manhiça Ivan , José Benedita , Amaro Marla , Pfumo‐Cuboia Isabel , Nitrogénio Luís , Reis‐Pardal Joana , Zindoga Pereira , Couto Aleny , Azevedo Luís
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Mozambique is among the highest‐burden countries for drug‐resistant tuberculosis in the world. However, the spatial distribution of drug‐resistant tuberculosis, in the country is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to analyse the spatial distribution, predictors, and hotspot districts for drug‐resistant tuberculosis incidence in Mozambique.

Method

We carried out an ecological study using the district as the unit of analysis where we included all cases of drug‐resistant tuberculosis diagnosed in Mozambique from 2016 to 2020. We obtained the data from the Minister of Health and other open sources. Parameters of interest were estimated through a spatial Bayesian Poisson regression model using Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation.

Results

A total of 5092 people with drug‐resistant tuberculosis in Mozambique were diagnosed during our study period. We found heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of drug‐resistant tuberculosis incidence across the country. Higher incidence rates were mainly observed in the south and central regions, and 26 (16.9%) districts out of 154 were identified as hotspot areas. The incidence of drug‐resistant tuberculosis increased with an increase in the HIV prevalence (Relative risk [RR]: 1.53; 95% Credibility Interval [CrI]: 1.32 to 1.76), electricity coverage rate (RR: 1.59; 95% CrI: 1.19 to 2.09), and population density (RR: 1.36; 95% CrI: 1.08 to 1.69) and decreased with an increase in the proportion of people with a bank account per district (RR: 0.71; 95% Crl: 0.51 to 0.96).

Conclusion

The incidence of drug‐resistant tuberculosis was not homogeneous, and it was associated with social determinants of health. Targeting interventions in hotspot districts and addressing social determinants is crucial for tuberculosis elimination in Mozambique.
O Populismo-Nacionalista e o Backlash a Cortes Internacionais de Direitos Humanos
Authors: Lucas Alves Ribeiro Miguel Mikelli , De Souza Leticia Suely , Lima Santos Darling
Published: November 2024

A ascensão de governos populistas representa uma ameaça às cortes internacionais de direitos humanos? O viés nacionalista é mais ameaçador às cortes que outros tipos de populismo? Partindo do pressuposto que governos populistas colocam em risco as funcionalidades de instituições internacionais, destaca-se o papel do backlash como estratégia de resistência de governos às cortes internacionais de direitos humanos.  Com recorte temporal de 1990 até 2020, dois bancos de dados já existentes são combinados e analisados conjuntamente para classificar a presença do populismo nos casos de resistência e backlash às cortes. No que tange à promoção desses backlashes, foi observado que governos populistas e não populistas não se diferenciam em quantidade, mas populistas reagem mais a críticas de mega-política, e não populistas reagem a interferências domésticas. Outro ponto de distinção está no tipo de backlash utilizado; enquanto os não populistas são mais incisivos na saída, os populistas diversificam. Com relação ao populismo-nacionalista, não se constatou maior ameaça às cortes.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Populismo; Nacionalismo; Backlash; Cortes Internacionais; Direitos Humanos.
Famílias Negras como Conceito Analítico para a Criminologia:
Authors: Soares de Araújo Bruna Stéfanni
Published: November 2024

Este artigo discute como a noção de famílias negras enquanto conceito analítico nos estudos criminológicos pode ser útil na compreensão da produção da punição e seus impactos sociais realizados pelo Sistema de Justiça Criminal no Brasil. Para tanto, é realizada uma discussão teórica a partir das noções de família em sua relação com o Estado para a Sociologia e Criminologia brasileira numa perspectiva que reflita classe, relações raciais e gênero. Assim, se discutirá o conceito de famílias negras relacionado às identidades de familiares de pessoas presas e familiares de vítimas de terrorismo do Estado, a fim de discutir como as suas organizações, ações e incidências têm desafiado a violência racial estatal e reivindicado espaços políticos e jurídicos enquanto sujeitas de direitos e sujeitas políticas, a despeito da mira criminalizadora. Ademais, discutimos como o conceito de famílias negras pode ser incorporado como elemento de análise para mensurar os impactos sociais do encarceramento em massa e letalidades provocadas pelas agências estatais produtoras de criminalização e de punição.
Teoria da Agência e descentralização no setor de energia elétrica: Os casos de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Pereira Lauro , Palotti Pedro
Published: November 2024

A descentralização de serviços públicos em federações desiguais e centralizadas implica o estabelecimento de arranjos de cooperação e relações de confiança. No Brasil, a descentralização não levou à diminuição das responsabilidades do governo federal ou à redução de sua esfera de atuação. Pelo contrário, a eficácia da descentralização esteve diretamente ligada à coordenação pelo governo central. Além disso, diversos estudiosos argumentam que, a partir da metade dos anos 1990, o governo federal tem aumentado gradualmente sua capacidade de arrecadação e de regulamentação das decisões de gastos dos governos subnacionais. Na esfera das agências reguladoras, a Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL) delega atividades de fiscalização e ouvidoria aos estados desde sua criação. A partir da Teoria da Agência, esse artigo utilizou-se de entrevistas semiestruturadas e análise documental para compreender dois estudos de caso de como se desenvolveram as relações entre a agência federal e as agências estaduais de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro. Observou-se elevada heterogeneidade entre as agências estaduais pesquisadas e uma postura de centralização da agência federal.    
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Federalismo; descentralização; agências reguladoras; energia elétrica; Brasil.
Pobreza Energética do Cidadão e sua Vulnerabilidade Diante de uma Necessária Transição Energética
Authors: Franzolin Cláudio José , Klingor Bruna dos Anjos , Brollo Maria Eduarda Ardinghi
Published: November 2024

Diante da crescente necessidade de disponibilizar energias limpas e acessíveis aos cidadãos no mundo digital e da relação dessas energias com novas formas de pobreza e desigualdade, o presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a interseção entre os conceitos de pobreza energética, pobreza multidimensional, transição energética e vulnerabilidade, e seu impacto jurídico nos estudos multidisciplinares sobre o acesso à energia. O objetivo geral é compreender, num primeiro momento, a pobreza sob a perspectiva multidimensional. A partir dessa base, o trabalho explora a pobreza energética, a vulnerabilidade e a transição energética, destacando suas possíveis intersecções. Esse estudo também adota uma abordagem dialógica com a transição energética, à medida que a necessidade de reduzir as emissões de gases de efeito estufa surge como uma oportunidade para mitigar situações de vulnerabilidade, especialmente entre os grupos mais afetados pelas mudanças climáticas. No entanto, o foco principal é demonstrar a articulação entre a transição energética e a interpretação jurídica e regulatória, visando a construção de políticas que reduzam a pobreza energética. Metodologicamente, o trabalho parte de uma revisão bibliográfica para delimitar os conceitos de pobreza energética e realizar uma análise crítica, relacionando-os aos objetivos da Constituição Federal e à formulação de políticas públicas. Além disso, revisa-se os indicadores utilizados para medir os conceitos abordados, com ênfase na pobreza energética. Os referenciais teóricos incluem as obras de Sen (2000), bem como o trabalho de Day, Walker e Simcock (2016).
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Pobreza Energética do Cidadão; Pobreza Multidimensional; Transição Energética; Vulnerabilidade; Políticas Públicas.
A Digital Twin Framework Utilizing Machine Learning for Robust Predictive Maintenance: Enhancing Tire Health Monitoring
Authors: Karkaria Vispi , Chen Jie , Luey Christopher , Siuta Chase , Lim Damien , Radulescu Robert , Chen Wei
Published: November 2024

We introduce a novel digital twin (DT) framework for predictive maintenance of long-term physical systems. Using monitoring tire health as an application, we show how the DT framework can be used to enhance automotive safety and efficiency, and how the technical challenges can be overcome using a three-step approach. Firstly, for managing the data complexity over a long operation span, we employ data reduction techniques to concisely represent physical tires using historical performance and usage data. Relying on these data, for fast real-time prediction, we train a transformer-based model offline on our concise dataset to predict future tire health over time, represented as Remaining Casing Potential (RCP). Based on our architecture, our model quantifies both epistemic and aleatoric uncertainty, providing reliable confidence intervals around predicted RCP. Secondly, to incorporate real-time data, we update the predictive model in the DT framework, ensuring its accuracy throughout its life span with the aid of hybrid modeling and the use of discrepancy function. Thirdly, to assist decision making in predictive maintenance, we implement a Tire State Decision Algorithm, which strategically determines the optimal timing for tire replacement based on RCP forecasted by our transformer model. This approach ensures our DT accurately predicts system health, continually refines its digital representation, and supports predictive maintenance decisions. Our framework effectively embodies a physical system, leveraging big data and machine learning (ML) for predictive maintenance, model updates, and decision-making.
Tetrascatt Model: Born Approximation for the Estimation of Acoustic Dispersion of Fluid-Like Objects of Arbitrary Geometries
Authors: Lavia Edmundo F. , Gonzalez Juan D. , Cascallares Guadalupe
Published: November 2024

Modeling the acoustic scattering response due to penetrable objects of arbitrary shapes, such as those of many marine organisms, can be computationally intensive, often requiring high-performance computing equipment when considering a completely general situation. However, when the physical properties (sound speed and density) of the scatterer are similar to those of the surrounding medium, the Born approximation provides a computationally efficient way to calculate it. For simple geometrical shapes like spheres and spheroids, the acoustic scattering in the far field evaluated through the Born approximation recipe results in a formula that has been historically employed to predict the response of weakly scattering organisms, such as zooplankton. Further, the Born approximation has been extended to bodies whose geometry can be described as a collection of noncircular rings centered on a smooth curve. In this work, we have developed a numerical approach to calculate the far-field backscattering by arbitrary 3D objects under the Born approximation. The object's geometry is represented by a volumetric mesh composed of tetrahedrons, and the computation is efficiently performed through analytical 3D integration, yielding a solution expressed in terms of elementary functions. On a current desktop PC the model can compute the scattering from meshes with millions of elements in a matter of minutes. This model is able to compute the scattering from a complex shape 200× faster than other methods like the Boundary Element Method, without compromising the numeric quality of the solution. The method's correctness has been successfully validated against benchmark solutions. Additionally, we present acoustic scattering results for species with complex geometries. To enable other researchers to use and validate the method, a computational package named tetrascatt was developed in the R programming language and published in the CRAN (Comprehensive R Archive Network).
Microbes help honeybees learn
Authors: VanHook Annalisa M.
Published: November 2024

A gut microbe promotes endocannabinoid signaling and learning in honeybees by metabolizing dietary lipids.
Generation of Cu-Au skarn mineralization by mafic magma recharge: Insights from the Bozymchak deposit in the Chatkal-Kurama region, Kyrgyzstan, West Tianshan
Authors: Zu Bo , Zhang Hao , Chi Guoxiang , Wang Rui , Seltmann Reimar , Williams-Jones A.E. , Pak Nikolay , Xue Chunji
Published: November 2024

Large numbers of igneous intrusions are emplaced in the magmatic arcs above subduction zones, but only a small fraction of them are mineralized with Cu ± Au ± Mo. Despite significant advances in recognizing the importance of magma source, volatile content, and redox condition in controlling mineralization, the magmatic processes required to form a mineral deposit are still poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that mafic recharge to the magma chamber is critical for Cu-Au mineralization, as exemplified by the Bozymchak Cu-Au skarn deposit in the Chatkal-Kurama arc of Kyrgyzstan, West Tianshan. The Bozymchak intrusion associated with the mineralization comprises monzonite porphyry and granodiorite porphyry. A sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe zircon U-Pb age of 305 ± 2 Ma was obtained for the monzonite porphyry, which is consistent with the U-Pb age of zircon from the granodiorite porphyry (304 Ma) and an Re-Os age for the molybdenite (305 Ma). These ages indicate that both the monzonite porphyry and granodiorite porphyry were coeval with mineralization. The monzonite porphyry exhibits high-K calc-alkaline (K2O = 3.36−3.50 wt%), metaluminous and magnesian-rich characteristics, enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs; e.g., Cs, Th, Ba, K, and Pb), and negative anomalies in high field strength elements (HFSEs; e.g., Nb, Ta, and Ti). These geochemical signatures, combined with the Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic signatures [ISr(avg) = 0.7059, εNd(t) = −3.5 to −2.8, εHf(t) = −3.8 to +1.4], suggest that the magma was the product of partial melting of a metasomatized mantle wedge and was subjected to subsequent assimilation and fractional crystallization (AFC).

The development of disequilibrium textures in both the monzonite porphyry and the granodiorite porphyry, such as acicular apatite, reverse zoning of plagioclase, and coexisting high-Al and low-Al amphiboles, indicates that the magma evolved in an open crustal magma chamber with mafic magma recharge. The magmas were moderately oxidized (∼ΔFMQ +1.0; FMQ is the fayalite-magnetite-quartz oxygen buffer) and water-rich, with 5.9 wt% and 6.5 wt% H2O in the granodiorite porphyry and monzonite porphyry, respectively. The repeated influx of hot mafic magma batches prolonged the existence of the magma chamber and promoted the maturation of the arc magma. In addition to introducing more Cu and Au, the replenishment of mafic magma in the chamber also introduced additional H2O and Cl, as shown by the presence of high-Al amphiboles and the elevated oxygen fugacity, which further promoted Cu-Au mineralization.
Erratum to: Noble Gases, Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopes in Different Lithologies of Pesyanoe: Irradiation History and Impact Processes on the Aubrite Parent Body
Authors: Buikin A. I. , Verchovsky A. B. , Hopp J. , Lorenz C. A. , Korochantseva E. V. , Trieloff M. , Ott U.
Published: November 2024

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016702924190017
Erratum to: Cryolite as a Reference Mineral of Rare Metal Mineralization: An Experimental Study
Authors: Rusak A. A. , Shchekina T. I. , Zinovieva N. G. , Bychkov A. Y. , Lukanin O. A.
Published: November 2024

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016702924190030
Simultaneous Calculation of Chemical and Isotope Equilibria Using the GEOCHEQ_Isotope Software: Iron Isotopes
Authors: Polyakov V. B. , Mironenko M. V. , Alenina M. V.
Published: November 2024

Abstract—

The GEOCHEQ_Isotope software package, previously developed to calculate chemical and isotopic equilibria of carbon and oxygen in hydrothermal and hydrogeochemical systems by minimizing Gibbs energy, was extended to the simultaneous calculation of isotopic effects of carbon, oxygen, and iron (the main objective of the study). As for carbon and oxygen, the β-factor formalism was used to develop algorithms and a database for the calculation of iron isotopic effects. According to the developed algorithm, the Gibbs energy G*(P, T) of formation of a rare isotopologue was calculated through the Gibbs energy of formation of the main isotopologue taking into account the value of the 56Fe/54Fe β-factor of this substance and the mass ratio of 54Fe and 56Fe isotopes. The approximation of ideal isotope mixture was used. The temperature dependence of the β-factor is unified in the form of a third-order polynomial by inverse even degrees of absolute temperature. Based on a critical analysis of currently available data on equilibrium isotopic factors obtained by different methods (elastic and inelastic γ-resonance scattering, isotope exchange experiments, and ab-initio calculations), the main result was obtained: for the first time, internally consistent database on iron β-factors of minerals and water complexes was developed. To develop the database, minerals and aqueous complexes for which the estimates of the equilibrium fractionation factors of iron isotopes obtained by different methods exist and consistent within the error of the methods have been identified: metallic iron (α-Fe), hematite, magnetite, siderite, pyrite, and the aqueous complexes $${\text{Fe(III)(}}{{{\text{H}}}_{{\text{2}}}}{\text{O)}}_{6}^{{3 + }}$$ and $${\text{Fe(III)(}}{{{\text{H}}}_{{\text{2}}}}{\text{O)}}_{6}^{{2 + }}$$. The values of the iron β-factors for these minerals and aqueous complexes, accepted as reference ones, formed the “mainstay” of the developed database. Considering that the equilibrium isotopic shifts of iron between minerals and water complexes are estimated much more accurately within the framework of one method rather than the corresponding β-factors, the database was made consistent by linking the ln β values for minerals and water complexes to the reference ln β values. The application of the GEOCHEQ_Isotope software package to the closed carbonaceous hydrothermal system H2O–CO2–Fe2O3–FeO–CaO (T = 200°C, P = 16–50 bar) has shown the possibility of its use for the calculation of changes in mineral composition and isotopic effects on oxygen, carbon, and iron.
Optimized battery electrodes with primer layers by simultaneous two-layer slot-die coating
Authors: Hoffmann Alexander , Klemens Julian , Raupp Sebastian , Hanske Christoph , Lawrenz Nils , Machate Michael , Scharfer Philip , Schabel Wilhelm
Published: November 2024

Multi-layer coating is a promising method for optimizing the properties of battery electrodes. This study examines the simultaneous coating of anodes with a primer layer without the necessity of a second coating and drying step, as it is the case for sequential coating processes. The primer layer is used to concentrate the binder in proximity to the substrate, thereby enhancing the adhesion strength of the electrode. Two systems comprising anode and primer, differing in rheological properties, are selected for coating investigation. It is demonstrated that the viscosity ratio of the multi-layer coating has a pronounced effect on coating suitability. In a two-layer system, the viscosity ratio also changes with shear rate due to the possibly different shear thinning properties. This results in the observation that combinations with strong viscosity ratios might only be stable in specific coating speed ranges. In contrast, combinations with moderate viscosity ratios exhibit a reduction in stable process windows as the viscosity ratio between the top and bottom layer increases. A mechanical characterization of the adhesion strength of dried and calendered electrodes demonstrated a notable enhancement in adhesion strength when a primer was utilized. In addition, capacity retention tests revealed that the electrochemical properties were not adversely affected by the primer.
One Model for All: Large Language Models are Domain-Agnostic Recommendation Systems
Authors: Tang Zuoli , Huan Zhaoxin , Li Zihao , Zhang Xiaolu , Hu Jun , Fu Chilin , Zhou Jun , Zou Lixin , Li Chenliang
Published: November 2024

Sequential recommendation systems aim to predict users’ next likely interaction based on their history. However, these systems face data sparsity and cold-start problems. Utilizing data from other domains, known as multi-domain methods, is useful for alleviating these problems. However, traditional multi-domain methods rely on meaningless ID-based item representation, which makes it difficult to align items with similar meanings from different domains, yielding sup-optimal knowledge transfer. This paper introduces
LLM-Rec
, a framework that utilizes pre-trained large language models (LLMs) for domain-agnostic recommendation. Specifically, we mix user's behaviors from multiple domains and concatenate item titles into a sentence, then use LLMs for generating user and item representations. By mixing behaviors across different domains, we can exploit the knowledge encoded in LLMs to bridge the semantic across over multi-domain behaviors, thus obtaining semantically rich representations and improving performance in all domains. Furthermore, we explore the underlying reasons why LLMs are effective and investigate whether LLMs can understand the semantic correlations as the recommendation model, and if advanced techniques like scaling laws in NLP also work in recommendations. We conduct extensive experiments with LLMs ranging from 40M to 6.7B to answer the above questions and to verify the effectiveness of
LLM-Rec
in multi-domain recommendation

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Deep Reinforcement Learning for Robotics: A Survey of Real-World Successes
Authors: Tang Chen , Abbatematteo Ben , Hu Jiaheng , Chandra Rohan , Martín-Martín Roberto , Stone Peter
Published: November 2024

Reinforcement learning (RL), particularly its combination with deep neural networks, referred to as deep RL (DRL), has shown tremendous promise across a wide range of applications, suggesting its potential for enabling the development of sophisticated robotic behaviors. Robotics problems, however, pose fundamental difficulties for the application of RL, stemming from the complexity and cost of interacting with the physical world. This article provides a modern survey of DRL for robotics, with a particular focus on evaluating the real-world successes achieved with DRL in realizing several key robotic competencies. Our analysis aims to identify the key factors underlying those exciting successes, reveal underexplored areas, and provide an overall characterization of the status of DRL in robotics. We highlight several important avenues for future work, emphasizing the need for stable and sample-efficient real-world RL paradigms; holistic approaches for discovering and integrating various competencies to tackle complex long-horizon, open-world tasks; and principled development and evaluation procedures. This survey is designed to offer insights for both RL practitioners and roboticists toward harnessing RL's power to create generally capable real-world robotic systems.
Robots and Dance: A Promising Young Alchemy
Authors: LaViers Amy
Published: November 2024

Research at the intersection of robots and dance promises to create vehicles for expression that enable new creative pursuits and allow robots to function better, especially in human-facing scenarios. Moving this research beyond fringe spectacle and establishing it as a serious, systematic field—a proper subdiscipline of both robotics and dance—will require answering a key question: How does dance advance the fundamentals of robotics, and vice versa? Focusing on the former, this article offers glimpses of this new field with examples of meaningful contributions to control, robotics, and autonomous systems, such as novel actuator designs, improved sensing systems, salient motion profiles for robots, reproducible experiment designs, and new theories of motion derived from the study of dance. It also poses two grand challenges for the emerging field of choreobotics: developing a robust symbolic system for representing bodily action and establishing rich, repeatable testing environments for human–robot interaction.
Incorporating MXene with Redox Carriers on Capacitive Carbon Cloth-Based Freestanding Electrodes for Power Applications
Authors: Zhu Yachao , Zhou Yanan , Deng Jie , Rajouâ Khalil , Le Vot Steven , Fontaine Olivier , Simon Patrice , Favier Frédéric
Published: November 2024

Battery-like organic materials including quinone-based electrodes with electrochemical activity have been extensively investigated for their use as electrode materials in energy storage devices due to their economic competitiveness and sustainable benefits. However, the intrinsic electrical insulating nature of organic quinones and their electrochemical reactivity limit power capability and stability upon charge/discharge cycling, respectively. Here, we report the preparation of a concentric layered architecture, MXene/Anthraquinone/Carbon Cloth (M/AQ/CC), by physisorption of anthraquinone onto the surface of carbon cloth via non-covalent π–π interactions, followed by dipping in exfoliated MXene suspension. The M/AQ/CC electrode, with a high mass loading (18.2 mg cm−2), delivered a capacity of 46 mAh g−1 (about 1 mAh cm−2 areal capacity or 6 mAh ml−1 volume) at 0.5 A g−1, with good rate performance and an enhanced cyclability over 5 k cycles. This simple preparation method can also be applied to incorporate MXene with a series of alternative organic redox carriers on freestanding carbon cloth, including thionin acetate and anthraquinone-2-sulfonate. The improvement in electrochemical performance highlights an efficient approach to store more charges via redox reactions from organic quinones pi-stacked at carbon surfaces, thanks to a protective MXene shield that stabilizes the Faradaic behavior of quinones over repetitive charge-discharge processes. The simplicity and versatility of this method should enable design of many advanced electrode materials based on MXene/quinones/carbon cloth for power devices.
The Pathologic Roles and Therapeutic Implications of Ghrelin/GHSR System in Mental Disorders
Authors: Mao Qianshuo , Wang Jinjia , Yang Zihan , Ding Ruidong , Lv Shuangyu , Ji Xinying
Published: November 2024

Ghrelin is a hormone consisting of 28 amino acids. Growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) is a receptor for ghrelin, which is expressed in the brain, pituitary gland, and adrenal glands, especially in the hypothalamus. The binding of ghrelin to the receptor 1a subtype mediates most of the biological effects of ghrelin. Ghrelin has a close relationship with the onset of psychosis. Ghrelin can affect the onset of psychosis by regulating neurotransmitters such as dopamine, γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), and 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) through the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, brain–gut axis, the mesolimbic dopamine system, and other ways. Ghrelin activates neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) through the GHSR. Ghrelin binds to neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), where it promotes the activity of dopamine neurons in the nucleus accumbens (NAcs) in a GHSR–dependent way, increasing dopamine levels and the reward system. This article summarized the recent research progress of ghrelin in depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, anorexia nervosa (AN), and bulimia nervosa (BN), and emphasized its potential application for psychiatric disorders treatment.
The Changing Importance of Competence Generationally: Developing Trust, Online and Offline
Authors: Bouchillon Brandon C.
Published: November 2024

Generalized trust has reached new lows in America, with young Americans now trusting the least. This complicates the process of interacting with new people, which formerly contributed to trust. The present study thus tested whether networked modes of social contact and social learning might add to interpersonal competence and generalized trust. Responses to a national web survey were matched to US Census percentages for sex, race, ethnicity, age, and region. The sample resembles the US population demographically and is theoretically large enough to represent it (N = 1500). Data were analyzed using SPSS and PROCESS. Diverse contact in person was unrelated to trust in general and only contributed to trust for respondents 70 or older when particular age groups were considered. Interpersonal competence, on the other hand, contributed to trust overall, and for respondents 18–29, 40–49, and 50–59. Feeling capable of interacting with new people in person has become more important than the contact itself for trusting, as a way of generating numerous diverse interactions over time. Networked efforts of sociability and posting behavior were also related to trust here. Posting related to trust for respondents 18–29, while sociability contributed to trust for those 18–29, 30–39, and 50–59. Social presence (i.e., sensing immediacy and intimacy in networked settings) related to trust overall and for those 18–29 and 40–49. Computer‐mediated communication (CMC) competence contributed to trust indirectly, by way of social presence, and the indirect effect was the largest for the youngest users surveyed. CMC competence had a larger association with interpersonal competence for younger generations as well, which became a second indirect path to trusting. Different age groups draw trust from different places, and trust interventions should also differ with age.