bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
重症急性膵炎に対する予防的抗菌薬使用の現況　第49回日本救急医学会総会・学術集会より(Current status of prophylactic antimicrobial use for severe acute pancreatitis: in the 49th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine)
Authors: (Asuka Tsuchiya) 土谷 飛鳥 , (Teijiro Hirashita) 平下 禎二郎 , (Masayasu Horibe) 堀部 昌靖 , (Shunsuke Omoto) 大本 俊介 , (Naoyuki Matsuda) 松田 直之 , (Toshihiko Mayumi) 真弓 俊彦
Published: July 2022

【背景】急性膵炎診療における予防的抗菌薬投与に関して，世界のガイドラインでは投与は非推奨となりつつあるが，日本の多くの施設では重症度に関わらず予防的抗菌薬は投与されている。施設ごとの診療パターンや，投与を支持するかしないかの背景にある根拠や臨床的動機は不明であり，第49回日本救急医学会総会学術集会で本命題に関するセッションが開催された。【目的】各演者の発表・討論内容，会場の投票結果を提示し，予防的抗菌薬投与の是非を検討する。【方法】発表要旨と質疑，投票結果の推移を記述した。【結果】Pros：抗菌薬の予防的投与と治療的投与を明確に区別するのは難しく，胆石性膵炎疑い例，医療暴露（耐性菌）（高感染リスク）例には，厳選して短期間（3日間）使用するべき。Cons：感染の証拠が明確でなければ使用するべきではない。投票結果推移：（軽症膵炎）非投与派が80%から90%に増加。（重症膵炎）投与派が77%から42%に減少。【考察】ガイドライン遵守率の低さと予防的抗菌薬投与の臨床的動機が判明した。世界のエビデンスやガイドライン推奨を正しく提示することで，行動変容が可能であることが示唆された。今後のガイドラインには，無菌性急性膵炎と胆管炎・敗血症併発の鑑別に関する指針や，その遵守率の定期的調査が求められる。【結論】予防的抗菌薬投与が推奨されなくなった事実を理解し，日本の最新版ガイドラインの遵守に努めるべきである。
COVID–19によるARDSを来した短頚の高度肥満女性に対し両側大腿静脈カニュレーションによるECMOを用いて救命した1例(A case of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with bilateral femoral vein cannulation in a morbidly obese woman with a short neck who had acute respiratory distress syndrome due to coronavirus disease 2019)
Authors: (Kohei Miyashita) 宮下 浩平 , (Yasumasa Kawano) 川野 恭雅 , (Hiroto Iyota) 伊與田 比呂人 , (Shinya Takeuchi) 竹内 慎哉 , (Atsushi Morizane) 盛實 篤史 , (Tomoko Sugimura) 杉村 朋子 , (Yuichi Saisaka) 齋坂 雄一
Published: July 2022

症例は44歳の女性。入院3日前から鼻汁を認めていた。入院1日前より発熱と下痢を認め，SARS–Cov–2 PCR陽性でありCoronavirus disease 2019（以下COVID–19）と診断され，翌日当院総合診療科へ入院となった。徐々に呼吸状態が悪化し，入院9日目に気管挿管，人工呼吸管理となり当科へ転科後ICUに入室した。ICU入室後，第4病日にはP/F比82.6となったため，extracorporeal membrane oxygenation（以下ECMO）の適応と判断した。短頚であったため頚静脈穿刺は避け，両側大腿静脈からカニューレを挿入しV–V ECMOを導入した。夜間16時間の腹臥位療法を継続し，持続的血液濾過透析による水分管理を行った。細菌性肺炎の合併の可能性も考慮し，バンコマイシンとメロペネムを開始した。脱血不良のリスクや高いリサーキュレーション率，下肢の運動制限によるリハビリの遅れ，感染のリスクなど，管理するうえで注意すべき点は多くあったが，第30病日にECMOを離脱し，第36病日に抜管，第47病日にICUを退出した。第55病日に独歩退院した。高度肥満，短頚の患者において，両側大腿静脈を用いた回路構成は選択肢の一つではあるが，メリット・デメリットを理解した慎重な判断と工夫が必要である。
Elevated CO2 improves phosphorus nutrition and growth of citrate‐secreting wheat when grown under adequate phosphorus supply on an Al3+‐toxic soil
Authors: Dong Jinlong , Delhaize Emmanuel , Hunt James , Armstrong Roger , Tang Caixian
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND

Understanding how climate change affects the phosphorus (P) nutrition of crops grown on acid soils is important in optimizing the management of P, and to secure future food production on these soils. This study assessed the impact of elevated CO2 (eCO2) on the P nutrition of wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown on Al3+‐toxic and P‐deficient soils or in hydroponics. The aluminium‐resistant near‐isogenic wheat lines EGA‐Burke (malate efflux only) and EGA‐Burke TaMATE1B (malate and citrate efflux) were grown under ambient (400 μmol mol−1) and elevated CO2 (800 μmol mol−1) in growth chambers for 4–6 weeks.

RESULTS

Elevated CO2 enhanced shoot growth and total P uptake of both lines at P rates >250 mg kg−1, which was associated with improved root biomass allocation and thus increased root growth, but these effects were not apparent at lower P rates. Elevated CO2 decreased specific P uptake (P uptake per unit root length) at P supply >250 mg kg−1, but did not significantly affect external or internal P requirements. This effect on the specific P uptake was less for EGA‐Burke TaMATE1B than for EGA‐Burke, possibly due to the increased citrate efflux and decreased Al concentration in root tips of EGA‐Burke TaMATE1B. Compared to EGA‐Burke, citrate‐exuding EGA‐Burke TaMATE1B had greater shoot P concentration and greater specific P uptake.

CONCLUSION

Elevated CO2 improved root growth, and thus total P uptake and plant production of both lines when high P alleviated Al3+ toxicity and improved P nutrition in acid soils. The decreased P uptake efficiency under eCO2 was less for EGA‐Burke TaMATE1B than EGA‐Burke. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Integrated ultrasound‐assisted magnetic solid‐phase extraction for efficient determination and pre‐concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from high‐consumption soft drinks and non‐alcoholic beers in Iran
Authors: Azari Ali , Abtahi Mehrnoosh , Saeedi Reza , Yari Ahmad Reza , Vaziri Mohammad Hossein , Mohammadi Gholamabbas
Published: July 2022

In the present research, an ultrasound‐assisted magnetic solid‐phase extraction coupled with a gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry hybrid system was developed for the extraction/determination of trace amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in high‐consumption soft drinks and non‐alcoholic beers in Iran using magnetite graphene oxide adsorbent. The magnetite graphene oxide was characterized by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and vibrating‐sample magnetometer techniques. The highest extraction recovery (73.05%–95.56%) and enrichment factor (90.65–106.38) were obtained at adsorbent mass: 10 mg, adsorption time: 30 min, salt addition: sodium chloride 10% w/v, desorption time: 20 min, eluent type: hexane: acetone (1:1, v/v), and desorption solvent volumes: 200 μl. Under optimum conditions, the linearity range for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons determination was 0.2–200 ng/ml with a coefficient of determination > 0.993, the limit of detection = 0.09–0.21 ng/ml, the limit of quantitation = 0.3–0.7 ng/ml, and relative standard deviation < 8.1%, respectively. Relative recoveries in spiked real samples ranged from 94.67 to 109.45% with a standard deviation < 6.05%. The proposed method is effective, sensitive, and reusable and it is promising for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons residues in environmental samples.
Scabies and therapeutic resistance: Current knowledge and future perspectives
Authors: Absil Gilles , Lebas Eve , Libon Florence , el Hayderi Lara , Dezfoulian Bita , Nikkels Arjen F.
Published: July 2022

Scabies is a very common ectoparasitosis and is responsible for a real scourge worldwide. The infestation leads to a highly contagious and pruritic dermatosis. Clinical diagnosis is not always easy; dermoscopy is a very useful diagnostic tool. Treatment relies on hygienic measures and specific acaricidals, either for topical application or oral administration. Ivermectin, permethrin and benzyl benzoate are the most frequently used therapies. Treatment failure is on the rise and could be attributed to noncompliance, treatment costs or to resistance to these agents. A series of novel agents are currently under investigation.
An emerging knowledge management framework adopted by healthcare workers in China to combatCOVID‐19
Authors: Liu Gang , Tsui Eric , Kianto Aino
Published: July 2022

This study examines elements of knowledge management (KM) applied during the treatment of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and proposes a KM framework that can be applied to respond quickly to a new virus outbreak. Following a content analysis of the press conferences held in China, this study found that various elements of KM, including strategic KM, the knowledge codification strategy vs. the knowledge personalization strategy, a knowledge‐friendly culture, knowledge‐based leadership, KM‐based human resource management, and KM‐related information technologies, were widely used by Chinese authorities and healthcare workers to improve treatment effectiveness for COVID‐19 patients. This paper provides a unique case study on how KM helps the government and the healthcare workers to respond to an unexpected public hygiene crisis.i
Photothermal therapy using gold nanoparticles and a long‐pulsed 755‐nm alexandrite laser to treat facial photoaging in Asian skin: A prospective clinical trial
Authors: Choi Young‐Jun , Kim Jin Seop , Kim Won‐Serk
Published: July 2022

Background and Objectives

Transdermally delivered gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) irradiated with near‐infrared laser energy can create a photothermal effect within the sebaceous glands (SGs). Photothermal therapy (PTT) can be used clinically to reverse photoaging in SG‐rich areas of the skin. Improvements in wrinkles and enlarged pores in Asian skin were assessed following AuNP‐mediated PTT with a long‐pulsed 755‐nm alexandrite laser.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

A single‐arm, prospective trial was designed. Twenty Korean patients underwent three gold PTT interventions performed 4 weeks apart at laser hair‐removal settings without cooling. At Week 20, changes in the wrinkle index (WI) and pore index (PI), size, and count were calculated using three‐dimensional camera analyses. Overall improvements in wrinkles and pores (0–4 scale) were assessed by blinded investigators using standardized photographic comparisons. The subjects scored their satisfaction (0–10 scale) and treatment discomfort (0–10 scale). Safety data were also collected.

Results

There were significant reductions in the WI (8.3%, p < 0.01), pore size (23.1%, p = 0.035), and PI (19.9%, p = 0.034) in the periorbital areas at week 20 compared with baseline. The mean reductions in the size (22.5%, p = 0.027), count (16.5%, p = 0.048), and index (22.4%, p = 0.023) of the cheek pores were also significant. Investigators reported average scores of 3.2 ± 0.6 for improved wrinkle appearance, and 3.1 ± 0.7 for improvement in visible pores. Participants were moderately satisfied with the overall results (7.6 ± 1.8). Subjects felt moderate discomfort during treatment (4.7 ± 2.6). No serious or persistent adverse events occurred.

Conclusions

AuNP‐mediated PTT showed noticeable efficacy and tolerability in treating wrinkles and pores in Asian skin over a 12 week‐follow‐up. Further studies with a longer follow‐up are needed to confirm the reduction in SG activity at the parameters used.
“Just Antimicrobial is not Enough” Revisited—From Antimicrobial Polymers to Microstructured Dual‐Functional Surfaces, Self‐Regenerating Polymer Surfaces, and Polymer Materials with Switchable Bioactivity
Authors: Zober Maria , Lienkamp Karen
Published: July 2022

Biofilm formation can be slowed down by restricting protein adhesion on a surface, or by antimicrobial/biocidal activity of the material (among other methods). In this progress report, the recent work on alternatives to single component antimicrobial or protein‐repellent polymer materials is presented. These are microstructured bifunctional polymer surfaces and self‐regenerating polymer multilayer stacks. The microstructured polymer surfaces consist of antimicrobial, protein‐adhesive polymer patches, and nonfouling, protein repellent‐polymer patches. By carefully balancing the size and architecture of the adhesive and repellent patches, materials with simultaneous antimicrobial activity and strong protein repellency are obtained. At similar polymer patch sizes, protein adhesion is lower on hydrogels with a low elastic modulus than on polymer monolayers attached to stiff substrates. Surface‐regenerating polymer multilayer stacks are constructed from alternating layers of antimicrobial polymer hydrogels and degradable, soluble, or depolymerizable sacrificial layers. Top layer shedding, which imitates reptiles shedding their skin, rejuvenates the surface, and regenerates the antimicrobial function of the material. Layer shedding form such materials in solution is a competition between two thermodynamic minima, top layer reattachment and top layer removal. The outcome of each shedding event depends on the kinetics of the sacrificial layer disintegration.
Exome sequencing in a child with neurodevelopmental disorder and epilepsy: Variant analysis of the AHNAK2 gene
Authors: Vinci Mirella , Kursula Petri , Greco Donatella , Elia Maurizio , Vetri Luigi , Schepis Carmelo , Chiavetta Valeria , Donadio Serena , Roccella Michele , Carotenuto Marco , Romano Valentino , Calì Francesco
Published: July 2022

Background

The AHNAK2 gene encodes a large nucleoprotein expressed in several tissues, including brain, squamous epithelia, smooth muscle, and neuropil. Its role in calcium signaling has been suggested and to date, clear evidence about its involvement in the pathogenesis of clinical disorders is still lacking.

Methods

Here, we report a female 24‐year‐old patient diagnosed with a cardio‐facio‐cutaneous‐like phenotype (CFC‐like), characterized by epilepsy, psychomotor development delay, atopic dermatitis, congenital heart disease, hypotonia, and facial dysmorphism, who is compound heterozygote for two missense mutations in the AHNAK2 gene detected by exome sequencing.

Results

This patient had no detectable variant in any of the genes known to be associated with the cardio‐facio‐cutaneous syndrome. Moreover, the mode of inheritance does not appear to be autosomal dominant, as it is in typical CFC syndrome. We have performed in silico assessment of mutation severity separately for each missense mutation, but this analysis excludes a severe effect on protein function. Protein structure predictions indicate the mutations are located in flexible regions possibly involved in molecular interactions.

Conclusion

We discuss an alternative interpretation on the potential involvement of the two missense mutations in the AHNAK2 gene on the expression of CFC‐like phenotype in this patient based on inter‐allelic complementation.
Output tracking for an Euler–Bernoulli beam equation with moment boundary control and shear boundary disturbance
Authors: Mei Zhan‐Dong , Mo Yi‐Lin
Published: July 2022

This paper is concerned with performance output tracking for an Euler–Bernoulli beam equation with moment boundary control and shear boundary disturbance. An infinite‐dimensional disturbance estimator is designed to estimate the total disturbance. By compensating the total disturbance, a servomechanism corresponding to the reference signal and servomechanism‐based output feedback control law are designed. It is proved that under such control law, the performance output tracks exponentially the reference signal and the involved states of closed‐loop system are bounded. The most important contribution is to deal with the shear boundary term stemmed from the error system between the disturbance estimator and the original system. The admissibility does not hold for such shear boundary term, while the corresponding boundary terms in the existing literature was proved to be admissible. Two key steps are presented to cope with such problem: First, the semigroup generation and exponential stability for a coupled beam system are verified by Riesz basis approach; second, the admissibility of a control operator for semigroup governed by such coupled beam system is proved. Moreover, Sobolev embedding theorem is introduced to simplify the proof of the boundedness of the closed‐loop systems with respect to the available literature. Some numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the effectiveness.
Stomatal clustering in Begonia improves water use efficiency by modulating stomatal movement and leaf structure
Authors: Tsai Meng‐Ying , Kuan Chi , Guo Zheng‐Lin , Yang Hsun‐An , Chung Kuo‐Fang , Ho Chin‐Min Kimmy
Published: July 2022

Stomata are a pivotal adaptation of land plants and control gas exchange. While most plants present solitary stomata, some plant species experiencing chronic water deficiency display clustered stomata on their epidermis; for instance, limestone‐grown begonias. Moreover, the membrane receptor TOO MANY MOUTHS (TMM) plays a major role in spacing stomata on the epidermis in Arabidopsis, but the function of its Begonia orthologs is unknown. We used two Asian begonias, Begonia formosana (single stomata) and B. hernandioides (clustered stomata), to explore the physiological function of stomatal clustering. We also introduced the Begonia TMMs into Arabidopsis tmm mutants to study the function of Begonia TMMs. B. hernandioides showed higher water use efficiency under high light intensity, smaller stomata, and faster pore opening than B. formosana. The short distance between stomata in a cluster may facilitate cell‐to‐cell interactions to achieve synchronicity in stomatal movement. Begonia TMMs function similarly to Arabidopsis TMM to inhibit stomatal formation, although complementation by TMM from the clustered species was only partial. Stomatal clustering in begonias may represent a developmental strategy to build small and closer stomata to achieve fast responses to light which provides tight support between stomatal development and environmental adaption.
Impact of therapeutic plasma exchange on meropenem pharmacokinetics
Authors: Jaruratanasirikul Sutep , Neamrat Phangard , Jullangkoon Monchana , Samaeng Maseetoh
Published: July 2022

Study Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) on the plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetic (PK) patterns of meropenem.

Design

Prospective, open‐label, PK study.

Setting

Academic tertiary care medical center.

Patients

Eleven patients who underwent TPE.

Measurements

A single‐center PK study was conducted on adult patients who underwent TPE. All patients received two phases of meropenem administration for research purposes. Meropenem PK studies were carried out after the administration of a single dose of 1 g of meropenem in the patients during TPE (phase 1) and compared with meropenem 1 g administration in the same patients without TPE (phase 2), which served as the control phase with an at least 72‐h wash‐out period separating the phases.

Main Results

The total clearance (CL) of meropenem during TPE was greater than the values obtained from the same patients without TPE (13.37 ± 6.23 L/h during TPE vs. 8.42 ± 2.84 L/h without TPE). The mean drug fraction eliminated during TPE was 14.22 ± 11.03%, and the mean amount of drug removed by the TPE was 142.23 ± 110.31 mg.

Conclusions

These results indicate that the TPE had an impact on the elimination of meropenem in patients during the exchange procedure. The CL of meropenem during TPE was greater than the values obtained from the control phase without TPE.
A rapid response for burnout among inpatient physiatrists: A survey of leaders of inpatient rehabilitation facilities
Authors: Farr Ellen , Lee Sujin , Maltser Susan , Verduzco‐Gutierrez Monica , Shapiro Lauren T.
Published: July 2022

Background

Symptoms of burnout are highly prevalent among physiatrists, and prior studies have helped identify key contributors to this epidemic of burnout. Little is known about the physician stressors unique to those providing care in inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs) and what strategies such facilities have used to help mitigate burnout among inpatient physiatrists.

Objective

To identify what IRF leaders perceive as stress points contributing to burnout among inpatient rehabilitation physicians and what, if any, interventions their programs have implemented to help mitigate physician burnout.

Design

10 item cross‐sectional survey study of IRF physician and nonphysician leaders in the United States.

Participants

104 physicians serving in the roles of IRF medical director, director of rehabilitation, and/or executive leadership and 19 nonphysician IRF leaders.

Results

Regulatory demands, late admissions, understaffing, and on‐call responsibilities were the major stress points most identified as contributing to physician burnout among both the physician and nonphysician respondents. The use of advanced practice providers and hospitalists were the most common system changes reportedly used to help mitigate physician burnout. Although 57.8% of physician leaders felt late admissions were a major stress point for physicians, only 18.2% of those responding reported having implemented admission cutoff times.

Conclusions

There are stressors unique to the practice of inpatient rehabilitation that are likely contributing to physiatrist burnout, including late admissions and on‐call responsibilities. Many IRFs have begun to implement system changes to help mitigate burnout among inpatient physiatrists. The use of nonphysiatrist providers is a commonly reported strategy. Future studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of such a strategy on reducing symptoms of burnout among IRF physicians as well as its effect on IRF patient outcomes.
Self‐healing efficiency of natural rubber vulcanizates depending on crosslinking density
Authors: Lu Muchen , Song Yihu , Zheng Qiang , Wang Wanjie
Published: July 2022

Copper chloride (CuCl2) is used in sulfur‐cured natural rubber (NR) to regulate disulfide exchange reaction in self‐healing process while factors influencing the healing capability remain unclear. Herein CuCl2 and other additives including zinc oxide and sulfur are used to mediate self‐healing efficiency of NR vulcanizates. For revealing the role of proteins and phospholipids in NR, the mediated self‐healing capability is compared with sulfur‐cured isoprene rubber (IR) vulcanizates. The results reveal that CuCl2 interferes rheological responses and vulcanization dynamics in both rubbers, and it causes intermolecular disassociation in NR gums. As self‐healing capability is closely related to crosslinking density, formulation is adjusted to balance healing efficiency and tensile strength. Healing efficiency of around 70% and the highest tensile strength of about 6 MPa are achieved at crosslinking density about 70 mol/m3 when vulcanizates are healed at 140°C for 30 min.
Characteristics of liquid‐phase continuous arc discharge plasma
Authors: Wang Quanli , Xin Yanbin , Sun Bing
Published: July 2022

Liquid‐phase discharge has the advantages of high plasma density, simultaneous generation of multiple physical and chemical effects, and high gas‐liquid mass transfer efficiency. However, the large‐capacity treatment of liquid by plasma has always been a research difficulty. In this study, liquid‐phase continuous arc (LCA) discharge plasma is realized for the first time, which can quickly propagate for a long distance in liquid. To better understand this new type of liquid‐phase discharge, the time‐space characteristics, electrical characteristics, optical characteristics and particle characteristics of the LCA discharge plasma are diagnosed. The results show that the LCA discharge plasma can achieve a rapid propagation over 1 m in the liquid, and the propagation time is on the order of milliseconds. Meanwhile, the discharge can directly generate a variety of active species (·OH, ·O, ·H, H2O2) in the liquid, which can be continuously produced as the plasma moves. The LCA discharge plasma has good application prospects in water treatment, energy conversion, and so on.
Racial differences in circulating mitochondria‐derived peptides may contribute to prostate cancer health disparities
Authors: Ramirez‐Torres Adela , Reagan Allison L. , Howard Lauren E. , Wiggins Emily , Vidal Adriana C. , Wan Junxiang , Miller Brendan , Freedland Stephen J. , Cohen Pinchas
Published: July 2022

Introduction

The mitochondrial genome has small open reading frames (sORF) which produce measurable mitochondrial‐derived peptides (MDPs), including humanin, SHLP2, and MOTS‐c. Previously, among men undergoing prostate biopsy, we found higher serum SHLP2 was linked with lower prostate cancer (PC) risk in European American men (EAM), while null associations were found in African American men (AAM). Here, in different patients undergoing prostate biopsy, we tested the link between SHLP2, humanin and MOTS‐c and PC risk by race.

Methods

Plasma SHLP2, humanin, and MOTS‐c were measured in 198 men (50/49 EAM/AAM cases; 50/49 EAM/AAM controls) undergoing biopsy. Logistic and multinomial regression models tested associations between each MDP and PC diagnosis, low‐grade (grade group, GG1) and high‐grade (GG2‐5). Models were adjusted for age, body mass index, digital rectal examination, and prostate specific antigen (PSA). We tested interactions between MDPs and race.

Results

Among controls, humanin was similar by race (p = 0.60), but both SHLP2 (p = 0.007) and MOTS‐c (p = 0.026) were lower in AAM controls versus EAM controls. Among EAM, higher MDP values were associated with lower PC risk (all p ≤ 0.001), with null associations in AAM (all p‐interactions ≤ 0.01). Similarly, higher MDP expression was associated with decreased risk of low‐ and high‐grade PC in EAM (all p ≤ 0.005) with null associations in AAM.

Conclusions

Higher MDP levels were associated with lower PC risk in EAM but not AAM. Generally, AAM controls had lower MDP levels. These data support MDPs and mitochondrial dysfunction in PC, suggesting greater dysfunction in AAM may contribute to excess PC risk. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results.
Only the best is good enough: Managing the risks of glass in hazardous service
Authors: Ashley Nick , Sapkota Bibek , Torres James E.
Published: July 2022

When the consequences of failure are catastrophic, only the best is good enough. Sight glasses, flow glasses, and level glasses are used throughout the process industry to provide operator visibility into process equipment and operating conditions. They have great benefits for many operations, including observing reaction progress, phase separations, level, and more. However, the installation and utilization of glass also results in several Process Safety challenges. While the inherently safer solution is to eliminate glass components, this may not always be practical, particularly in Specialty Chemical manufacturing. If not properly specified, installed, and maintained, glass components can be the weak link in the process equipment or piping system, with failure of the glass resulting in loss of containment of hazardous materials, fire, explosion, chemical exposure, or personnel injuries. Numerous events throughout the chemical process industries have demonstrated the consequences of failure of glass components, with many serious injuries and fatalities. Clearly, there is a strong need for proper management of glass in hazardous chemical services. This paper will present the best practical engineering controls and mitigative protection layers, supported by robust management systems, which have been shown to be effective at operating facilities in managing the risks of glass in hazardous services.
Effects of psychotropic polypharmacy intervention
Authors: Lam Y. W. Francis
Published: July 2022

Psychotropic polypharmacy, the concurrent use of two or more psychotropic drugs in the same patient, is a common practice in treating patients with psychiatric disorders. Such practices risk an increase in the incidence of drug interaction and adverse effects, as well as a decrease in medication adherence. A meta‐analysis of 26 studies that employed focused medication review with a goal of appropriate de‐prescribing reported significant reductions in the number of psychotropic drugs after the reviews, but there was little evidence of decreased incidence of adverse drug reactions or lower drug costs.
Free‐will arbitrary time consensus protocols with diffusive coupling
Authors: Tran Quoc Van , Trinh Minh Hoang , Nguyen Nam Hoai , Ahn Hyo‐Sung
Published: July 2022

In this article, free‐will arbitrary time consensus protocols are proposed for multi‐agent systems with single‐ and double‐ (possibly higher‐order) integrator dynamics, respectively, and with (possibly switching) connected interaction graphs and bounded matched disturbances. Under the proposed consensus laws, an average consensus is achieved in a free‐will arbitrary prespecified time regardless of the initial conditions or any other design parameters. Further, the proposed consensus laws for the case with no disturbances are smooth, and they are distributed in the sense that information is only communicated locally between neighboring agents. Finally, simulation results are also provided to illustrate the theoretical results and, an application to arbitrary prespecified time formation control of mobile agents is also presented.
Erythrocyte Membrane‐Coated Invisible Acoustic‐Sensitive Nanoparticle for Inducing Tumor Thrombotic Infarction by Precisely Damaging Tumor Vascular Endothelium
Authors: Xie Huichao , Li Wan , Liu Hui , Chen Yongfeng , Ma Mengrui , Wang Yichen , Luo Yucen , Song Di , Hou Qianqian , Lu Wenwen , Bai Yu , Li Bao , Ma Jizhuang , Huang Chi , Yang Tianzhi , Liu Zhining , Zhao Xiaoyun , Ding Pingtian
Published: July 2022

Selective induction of tumor thrombus infarction is a promising antitumor strategy. Non‐persistent embolism due to non‐compacted thrombus and activated fibrinolytic system within the tumor large blood vessels and tumor margin recurrence are the main therapeutic bottlenecks. Herein, an erythrocyte membrane‐coated invisible acoustic‐sensitive nanoparticle (TXA+DOX/PFH/RBCM@cRGD) is described, which can induce tumor thrombus infarction by precisely damaging tumor vascular endothelium. It is revealed that TXA+DOX/PFH/RBCM@cRGD can effectively accumulate on the endothelial surface of tumor vessels with the help of the red blood cell membrane (RBCM) stealth coating and RGD cyclic peptide (cRGD), which can be delivered in a targeted manner as nanoparticle missiles. As a kind of phase‐change material, perfluorohexane (PFH) nanodroplets possess excellent acoustic responsiveness. Acoustic‐sensitive missiles can undergo an acoustic phase transition and intense cavitation with response to low‐intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU), damaging the tumor vascular endothelium, rapidly initiating the coagulation cascade, and forming thromboembolism in the tumor vessels. The drugs loaded in the inner water phase are released explosively. Tranexamic acid (TXA) inhibits the fibrinolytic system, and doxorubicin (DOX) eliminates the margin survival. In summary, a stealthy and acoustically responsive multifunctional nanoparticle delivery platform is successfully developed for inducing thrombus infarction by precisely damaging tumor vascular endothelium.
Nonsacrificial Nitrile Additive for Armoring High‐Voltage LiNi0.83Co0.07Mn0.1O2 Cathode with Reliable Electrode–Electrolyte Interface toward Durable Battery
Authors: Li Xin , Han Xinpeng , Li Gang , Du Juan , Cao Yu , Gong Haochen , Wang Huili , Zhang Yiming , Liu Shuo , Zhang Baoshan , Liu Xinying , Khangale Phathutshedzo , Hildebrandt Diane , Sun Jie , Chen Aibing
Published: July 2022

High‐capacity Ni‐rich layered oxides are considered as promising cathodes for lithium‐ion batteries. However, the practical applications of LiNi0.83Co0.07Mn0.1O2 (NCM83) cathode are challenged by continuous transition metal (TM) dissolution, microcracks and mixed arrangement of nickel and lithium sites, which are usually induced by deleterious cathode–electrolyte reactions. Herein, it is reported that those side reactions are limited by a reliable cathode electrolyte interface (CEI) layer formed by implanting a nonsacrificial nitrile additive. In this modified electrolyte, 1,3,6‐Hexanetricarbonitrile (HTCN) plays a nonsacrificial role in modifying the composition, thickness, and formation mechanism of the CEI layers toward improved cycling stability. It is revealed that HTCN and 1,2‐Bis(2‐cyanoethoxy)ethane (DENE) are inclined to coordinate with the TM. HTCN can stably anchor on the NCM83 surface as a reliable CEI framework, in contrast, the prior decomposition of DENE additives will damage the CEI layer. As a result, the NCM83/graphite full cells with the LiPF6‐EC/DEC‐HTCN (BE‐HTCN) electrolyte deliver a high capacity retention of 81.42% at 1 C after 300 cycles at a cutoff voltage of 4.5 V, whereas BE and BE‐DENE electrolytes only deliver 64.01% and 60.05%. This nonsacrificial nitrile additive manipulation provides valuable guidance for developing aggressive high‐capacity Ni‐rich cathodes.
An Effective Strategy of Introducing Chirality to Achieve Multifunctionality in Rare‐Earth Double Perovskite Ferroelectrics
Authors: Hu Zhao‐Bo , Wang Chang‐Feng , Sha Tai‐Ting , Shi Chao , Ye Le , Ye Heng‐Yun , Song You , You Yu‐Meng , Zhang Yi
Published: July 2022

The hybrid rare‐earth double perovskite (HREDP) system provides great convenience for the construction of multifunctional materials. However, suffering from the high symmetry of their intrinsic structure, HREDPs face the challenges in the realization and optimization of ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties. For the first time, after a systematic investigation of the chirality transformation principle, it is found that the introduction of chirality is an efficient strategy for the targeted construction of multifunctionality, which simultaneously increases the possibility of obtaining multiaxial ferroelectricity and ferroelasticity, and effectively realizes a large piezoelectric response. Moreover, chirality induced ferroelasticity will also achieve excellent magnetic or optical response driven by pressure‐sensitive. To verify the feasibility of the above ideas, by using rare‐earth ions (Ce3+) and suitable chiral organic cations, a new HREDP, (R‐N‐methyl‐3‐hydroxylquinuclidinium)2 RbCe(NO3)6(R1) is successfully designed, in which ferroelasticity, multiaxial ferroelectricity, satisfactory piezoelectric response, and the pressure‐driven single‐ion magnetics switch are simultaneously achieved for the first time. This work shows that the induction of chirality and the HREDP system provide an effective strategy and ideal platform for the expansion and optimization of the functions in perovskite ferroelectrics.
Recent Advances and Perspectives of Air Stable Sulfide‐Based Solid Electrolytes for All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Li Ping , Ma Zhihui , Shi Jie , Han Kun , Wan Qi , Liu Yongchang , Qu Xuanhui
Published: July 2022

An all‐solid‐state battery enabled by the incombustible and highly Li‐ion conductive sulfide solid‐state electrolyte, is recognized to be a strong candidate for next‐generation of lithium‐ion batteries. Intensive research efforts have been devoted to developing the well‐suited sulfide electrolytes with outstanding performances. Although several types of sulfide electrolytes have achieved superionic conductivities with excellent deformability, the air‐sensitive behaviors of them are detrimental to the large‐scale production. Considerable efforts are in progress to tackle this issue via various strategies in recent years. This review provides an overview of several classes of promising sulfide solid electrolytes. The principle and strategies for improving the resistance of these sulfide electrolytes against air are thoroughly discussed. We also point out the major challenges that all‐solid‐state batteries and different types of sulfide electrolytes face for practical applications.
Lifetime Prediction of Residual Current Circuit Breaker with Overcurrent Protection Based on GA‐BP and GS‐SVM Combined Model
Authors: Liu Guojin , Zhao Xingzhou , Miao Jianhua , Wang Ze , Li Xiang
Published: July 2022

Residual current circuit breaker with overcurrent (RCBO) is an electrical appliance which involves the safety of users. In order to predict its lifetime, a combined prediction method of Genetic Algorithm‐Back Propagation (GA‐BP) and support vector machine of grid search (GS‐SVM) is proposed. First, the constant stress accelerated degradation test (ADT) is carried out for the RCBO, and the ADT data are statistically analyzed to establish the performance degradation trajectory. Then, the GA‐BP model and GS‐SVM model are established to predict the degradation trend of the residual operating current value. Then, based on the GA‐BP prediction model and GS‐SVM prediction model, the optimal weighted combined prediction based on the least square method is established. The combined prediction model is used to predict the pseudo‐failure life under each accelerated stress, and the Arrhenius accelerated model is used to estimate the pseudo‐failure life by the least square method. The service lifetime of RCBO under normal temperature (25 °C) is predicted. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Beyond inspiration: Translating zoo and aquarium experiences into conservation behavior
Authors: Routman Emily O. , Khalil Kathayoon , Wesley Schultz P. , Keith Robin M.
Published: July 2022

Conservation first appeared as a role for zoos and aquariums in the late 20th century, and over the past few decades has evolved to be central to the mission of modern, accredited zoos and aquariums (henceforth zoos). More recently, promoting proenvironmental behavior is increasingly recognized as an essential means for zoos to achieve their shared conservation mission. To support continued progress throughout the field, there is a need for greater clarity and confidence regarding successful approaches for promoting proenvironmental behavior. A growing body of research into the conservation‐related outcomes of zoo experiences, along with findings from behavioral and social sciences, provides a basis for understanding how the relationship zoos have with their audiences can translate into measurable conservation results. By shifting the balance between motivation to act and barriers to actions so that motivation is the greater force, zoos can tip the behavior balance to successfully promote action on behalf of nature and wildlife. Zoo audiences are, on average, more intrinsically motivated to take action on behalf of wildlife than the public at large. By introducing extrinsic motivators and reducing barriers, zoos can set up the circumstances that move motivated individuals to take conservation action. Even individuals who lack intrinsic motivation can be moved to action through sufficiently attractive extrinsic benefits and low barriers. In this paper we present a framework that synthesizes this study and theory on environmental behavior change and offers actionable approaches for zoo and aquarium practitioners.
Einführung: Planspiele und Ressourceneffizienz
Authors: Anstätt Kerstin , Schmidt Mario , Bertagnolli Frank
Published: July 2022

Das Kapitel führt in das Thema Ressourceneffizienz und deren Bedeutung für die betriebliche Praxis ein. Mithilfe von Planspielen kann das Thema Ressourceneffizienz spielerisch in der betrieblichen Weiterbildung verankert werden. Die Planspielreihe RE:PLAN greift die Planspiel-Methode auf und vermittelt im Rahmen von sechs Planspielen verschiedene Methoden zur Steigerung der Energie- und Materialeffizienz im Unternehmen. Dadurch kann nicht nur ein Beitrag zur ökonomischen Effizienz in Unternehmen geleistet werden, sondern durch die Reduktion von Treibhausgasemissionen (THG-Emissionen) auch zum Klimaschutz beigetragen werden.
RE:MFKR – das Planspiel zu Materialflusskostenrechnung
Authors: Schomburg Julia , Schmidt Mario
Published: July 2022

Beim Planspiel RE:MFKR (Abb. 5.1) liegt der Fokus auf der Visualisierung und Quantifizierung von Materialverlusten und deren versteckten Kosten.

Gemeinsam im Team erfassen die Spieler Energie- und Materialflüsse innerhalb der ausgewählten Prozesskette, welche dabei sowohl physikalisch als auch monetär bewertet werden. Dies ermöglicht, ökologische und ökonomische Einsparpotenziale zu erkennen und mögliche Stellhebel zur Optimierung ausfindig zu machen.

Mithilfe von Impulsvorträgen zum Thema Materialflusskostenrechnung (MFKR) werden die Spieler dabei unterstützt, die Methode im Spiel und darüber hinaus anzuwenden. So lernen die Spieler im Verlauf des Spiels die tatsächlich entstandenen Kosten von Materialverlusten kennen und können somit Prozessineffizienzen identifizieren und monetär beziffern. Am Ende des Spieltages erfolgt ein Transfer, bei dem die Spieler ihr erlerntes Wissen in den Arbeitsalltag übertragen.
CP-violating axion interactions in effective field theory
Authors: Dekens Wouter , de Vries Jordy , Shain Sachin
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Axions are introduced to explain the observed smallness of the $$ \overline{\theta} $$

θ
¯

term of QCD. Standard Model extensions typically contain new sources of CP violation, for instance to account for the baryon asymmetry of the universe. In the presence of additional CP-violating sources a Peccei-Quinn mechanism does not remove all CP violation, leading to CP-odd interactions among axions and Standard Model fields. In this work, we use effective field theory to parametrize generic sources of beyond-the-Standard-Model CP violation. We systematically compute the resulting CP-odd couplings of axions to leptons and hadrons by using chiral perturbation theory. We discuss in detail the phenomenology of the CP-odd axion couplings and compare limits from axion searches, such as fifth force and monopole-dipole searches and astrophysics, to direct limits on the CP-violating operators from electric dipole moment experiments. While limits from electric dipole moment searches are tight, the proposed ARIADNE experiment can potentially improve the existing constraints in a window of axion masses.
Stochastic normalizing flows as non-equilibrium transformations
Authors: Caselle Michele , Cellini Elia , Nada Alessandro , Panero Marco
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Normalizing flows are a class of deep generative models that provide a promising route to sample lattice field theories more efficiently than conventional Monte Carlo simulations. In this work we show that the theoretical framework of stochastic normalizing flows, in which neural-network layers are combined with Monte Carlo updates, is the same that underlies out-of-equilibrium simulations based on Jarzynski’s equality, which have been recently deployed to compute free-energy differences in lattice gauge theories. We lay out a strategy to optimize the efficiency of this extended class of generative models and present examples of applications.
Island and Page curve for one-sided asymptotically flat black hole
Authors: Gan Wen-Cong , Du Dong-Hui , Shu Fu-Wen
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Great breakthrough in solving black hole information paradox took place when semiclassical island rule for entanglement entropy of Hawking radiation was proposed in recent years. Up to now, most papers which discussed island rule of asymptotic flat black hole with D ≥ 4 focus on eternal black hole. In this paper, we take one more step further by discussing island of “in” vacuum state which describes one-sided asymptotically flat black hole formed by gravitational collapse in D ≥ 4. We find that island I emerges at late time and saves entropy bound. And boundary of island ∂I depends on the position of cutoff surface. When cutoff surface is far from horizon, ∂I is inside and near horizon. When cutoff surface is set to be near horizon, ∂I is outside and near horizon. This is different from the case of eternal black hole in which ∂I is always outside horizon no matter cutoff surface is far from or near horizon. We will see that different states will manifestly affect Sent in island formula when cutoff surface is far from horizon and thus have different result for Page time.
Exact scalar (quasi-)normal modes of black holes and solitons in gauged SUGRA
Authors: Aguayo Monserrat , Hernández Ankai , Mena José , Oliva Julio , Oyarzo Marcelo
Published: July 2022

Abstract

In this paper we identify a new family of black holes and solitons that lead to the exact integration of scalar probes, even in the presence of a non-minimal coupling with the Ricci scalar which has a non-trivial profile. The backgrounds are planar and spherical black holes as well as solitons of SU (2) × SU (2) $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 gauged supergravity in four dimensions. On these geometries, we compute the spectrum of (quasi-)normal modes for the non-minimally coupled scalar field. We find that the equation for the radial dependence can be integrated in terms of hypergeometric functions leading to an exact expression for the frequencies. The solutions do not asymptote to a constant curvature spacetime, nevertheless the asymptotic region acquires an extra conformal Killing vector. For the black hole, the scalar probe is purely ingoing at the horizon, and requiring that the solutions lead to an extremum of the action principle we impose a Dirichlet boundary condition at infinity. Surprisingly, the quasinormal modes do not depend on the radius of the black hole, therefore this family of geometries can be interpreted as isospectral in what regards to the wave operator non-minimally coupled to the Ricci scalar. We find both purely damped modes, as well as exponentially growing unstable modes depending on the values of the non-minimal coupling parameter. For the solitons we show that the same integrability property is achieved separately in a non-supersymmetric solutions as well as for the supersymmetric one. Imposing regularity at the origin and a well defined extremum for the action principle we obtain the spectra that can also lead to purely oscillatory modes as well as to unstable scalar probes, depending on the values of the non-minimal coupling.
Mapping DEHP to the adverse outcome pathway network for human female reproductive toxicity
Authors: Pogrmic-Majkic Kristina , Samardzija Nenadov Dragana , Tesic Biljana , Fa Nedeljkovic Svetlana , Kokai Dunja , Stanic Bojana , Andric Nebojsa
Published: July 2022

Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) and AOP networks are tools for mechanistic presentation of toxicological effects across different levels of biological organization. These tools are used to better understand how chemicals impact human health. In this study, a four-step workflow was used to derive the AOP network of human female reproductive toxicity (HFRT-AOP) from five AOPs available in the AOP-Wiki and ten AOPs obtained from the literature. Standard network analysis identified key events (KEs) that are point of convergence and divergence, upstream and downstream KEs, and bottlenecks across the network. To map di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) to the HFRT-AOP network, we extracted DEHP target genes and proteins from the Comparative Toxicogenomic and the CompTox Chemicals Dashboard databases. Enriched GO terms analysis was used to identify relevant biological processes in the ovary that are DEHP targets, whereas screening of scientific literature was performed manually and automatically using AOP-helpFinder. We combined this information to map DEHP to HFRT-AOP network to provide insight on the KEs and system-level perturbations caused by this endocrine disruptor and the emergent paths. This approach can enable better understanding of the toxic mechanism of DEHP-induced human female reproductive toxicity and reveal potential novel DEHP female reproductive targets for experimental studies.