bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Przywódcy, partnerzy, przeciwnicy
Authors: Maliszewski Bartłomiej
Published: October 2021

Przedmiotem analizy są wizualno-werbalne przenośnie publicystyczne, które widnieją na okładkach polskich tygodników opinii. Dzięki walorowi naoczności to właśnie figury wizualno-werbalne pozwalają najłatwiej (i najszybciej) uchwycić powtarzalne sposoby ujmowania świata polityki oraz charakterystyczne cechy przenośni publicystycznych. Analizując wybrane metafory multimodalne, które odnoszą się do politycznych przywódców, partnerów i przeciwników, ukazujemy świat polityki jako pewną strukturę (na którą składa się wymiar wertykalny, czyli relacja nadrzędności i podrzędności oraz wymiar horyzontalny, czyli podział sceny politycznej na różne strony i ugrupowania). W analizowanych przenośniach polityka jest też ukazywana jako przestrzeń akcji (rywalizacji i widowiska), której głównymi uczestnikami – w warunkach demokracji parlamentarnej – są czołowi przedstawiciele najważniejszych partii. W omawianych metaforach uwidaczniają się także główne cechy przekazów prasowych, które mają przykuwać uwagę odbiorcy słowem i obrazem oraz pomysłowym ujęciem podejmowanych tematów. Zebrany materiał potwierdza i dopełnia wnioski formułowane przy analizie językowych przenośni publicystycznych (jako sposobu ujmowania tego, co mniej konkretne, środka pozyskiwania uwagi odbiorcy i kształtowania społecznych przekonań oraz wykładnika utrwalanego obrazu świata).
Cross-reactivity and inclusivity analysis of CRISPR-based diagnostic assays of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Khan Kashif Aziz , Duceppe Marc-Olivier
Published: October 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; initially named as 2019-nCoV) is the cause of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Its diagnosis relies on the molecular detection of the viral RNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) while newer rapid CRISPR-based diagnostic tools are being developed. As molecular diagnostic assays rely on the detection of unique sequences of viral nucleic acid, the target regions must be common to all coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 circulating strains, yet unique to SARS-CoV-2 with no cross-reactivity with the genome of the host and other normal or pathogenic organisms potentially present in the patient samples. This stage 1 protocol proposes in silico cross-reactivity and inclusivity analysis of the recently developed CRISPR-based diagnostic assays. Cross-reactivity will be analyzed through comparison of target regions with the genome sequence of the human, seven coronaviruses and 21 other organisms. Inclusivity analysis will be performed through the verification of the sequence variability within the target regions using publicly available SARS-CoV-2 sequences from around the world. The absence of cross-reactivity and any mutations in target regions of the assay used would provide a higher degree of confidence in the CRISPR-based diagnostic tests being developed while the presence could help guide the assay development efforts. We believe that this study would provide potentially important information for clinicians, researchers, and decision-makers.
A histological survey of avian post-natal skeletal ontogeny
Authors: Atterholt Jessie , Woodward Holly N.
Published: October 2021

Bone histology of crown-group birds is a research topic of great interest, permitting insight into the evolution of remarkably high growth rates in this clade and variation across the altricial-precocial spectrum. In this study, we describe microanatomical characteristics of the humerus and femur in partial growth series from 14 crown group birds representing ten major clades (Struthioniformes, Galliformes, Apodiformes, Columbiformes, Charadriiformes, Accipitriformes, Strigiformes, Psittaciformes, Falconiformes, and Passeriformes). Our goals were to: (1) describe the microanatomy of each individual; (2) make inter-and intra-taxonomic comparisons; (3) assess patterns that correspond with developmental mode; and (4) to further parse out phylogenetic, developmental, and functional constraints on avian osteological development. Across taxa, the femoral and humeral tissue of neonates can be broadly characterized as highly-vascularized, disorganized woven bone with great variation in cortical thickness (inter-and intrataxonomically, within an individual specimen, and within a single section). The tissue of precocial chicks is relatively more mature at hatching than in altricial, but other categories along the developmental spectrum were less easy to distinguish, thus we were unable to identify a definitive histological proxy for developmental mode. We did not find evidence to support hypotheses that precocial chicks exclusively have thicker cortices and more mature bone in the femur than the humerus at time of hatching; instead, this is a characteristic of nearly all taxa (regardless of developmental mode), suggesting deep evolutionary origins and the effects of developmental channeling. Bone tissue in adults exhibited unexpected variation, corresponding to differences in body size. Large-bodied birds have cortices of fibrolamellar bone, but organization of tissue increases and vascularity decreases with diminishing body size. The outer circumferential layer (OCL) also appears at earlier growth stages in small-bodied taxa. Thus, while the OCL is indicative of a cessation of appositional growth it is not always indicative of cortical maturity (that is, maximum organization of bony tissue for a given taxon). Small size is achieved by truncating the period of fast growth; manipulation of the timing of offset of bone growth is therefore an important factor in changing growth trajectories to alter adult body size.
Identification, expression, and functional analysis of Hsf and Hsp20 gene families in Brachypodium distachyon under heat stress
Authors: Li Na , Jiang Min , Li Peng , Li Xiwen
Published: October 2021

Background

The heat shock factor (Hsf) and small heat shock protein (sHsp, also called Hsp20) complex has been identified as a primary component in the protection of plant cells from ubiquitous stresses, particularly heat stress. Our study aimed to characterize and analyze the Hsf and Hsp genes in Brachypodium distachyon, an annual temperate grass and model plant in cereal and grass studies.

Results

We identified 24 Hsf and 18 Hsp20 genes in B. distachyon and explored their evolution in gene organization, sequence features, chromosomal localization, and gene duplication. Our phylogenetic analysis showed that BdHsfs could be divided into three categories and BdHsp20s into ten subfamilies. Further analysis showed that the 3’UTR length of BdHsp20 genes had a negative relationship with their expression under heat stress. Expression analyses indicated that BdHsp20s and BdHsfs were strongly and rapidly induced by high-temperature treatment. Additionally, we constructed a complex regulatory network based on their expression patterns under heat stress. Morphological analysis suggested that the overexpression of five BdHsp20 genes enhanced the seed germination rate and decreased cell death under high temperatures.

Conclusion

Ultimately, our study provided important evolutionary and functional characterizations for future research on the regulatory mechanisms of BdHsp20s and BdHsfs in herbaceous plants under environmental stress.
Prevalence of Fatigue and its Association with Pain Intensity, Psychological Status and Sleep Quality in Patients with Neck Pain
Authors: Aldabbas Mosab , Tanwar Tarushi , Iram Iram , Veqar Zubia
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Neck Pain (NP) is a major public health problem. Social and economic participation of many individuals gets negatively impacted due to NP. Fatigue and pain are common complaints in patients with this condition. Both can interfere with the daily life of patients by affecting the quality of sleep which can lead to psychological issues. But, the prevalence of fatigue and its association with pain, sleep quality and psychological factors have not been examined properly in patients complaining of NP. Aim: To examine the prevalence of fatigue and its association with pain intensity, depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance in patients with NP. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study on 296 NP patients with a mean age of 30±7.2 years (181 males and 115 females) was conducted between March 2019 till November 2019. It was conducted at the Physiotherapy Department of the University and Amarjyoti College of Physiotherapy. The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Numeric Pain Rating Scale were used to evaluate fatigue, depression and anxiety, sleep quality and pain intensity, respectively. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient and Mann-Whitney U test were used for analysis. Results: The point prevalence rate of severe fatigue in participants was 39.86%. Fatigue was significantly related with pain intensity, psychological factors, and sleep quality (p<0.05). We also observed a significant association between sleep quality and psychological factors in this sample (p<0.05). Conclusion: Fatigue was a prominent factor in patients with NP and it was associated with pain intensity, depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance. Prevalence of fatigue was higher in chronic stage of NP than in the acute sage. Identifying these factors may help in prevention and management of NP and its co-morbidities.
CONCEPÇÕES DE ESTUDANTES E PROPOSTA DE INSTRUMENTOS DIDÁTICOS PARA A ABORDAGEM DA ISOMERIA ORGÂNICA A PARTIR DO CONTEXTO DA TALIDOMIDA / A PROPOSAL FOR THE CONCEPTUAL AND HISTORICAL APPROACH OF ISOMERIA CONTENT IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY USING A PROBLEM SITUATION
Authors: Silva Maiara Saviane Carvalho Diniz , Silva Flávia Cristiane Vieira da
Published: October 2021

Neste trabalho, buscamos reunir a abordagem conceitual e histórica do conteúdo de isomeria na química orgânica na elaboração de uma Situação-Problema e um Texto de Divulgação Científica, como parte do sistema de recursos. Na elaboração destes buscamos envolver as questões sócio-históricas e éticas do consumo da talidomida por gestantes. A elaboração se deu a partir da realização da Análise Textual Discursiva em que foram seguidas as três etapas propostas, desmontagem dos textos, estabelecimento de relações e captando um novo emergente a fim de compreender as concepções de alunos do 3° do Ensino Médio de uma escola estadual de Pernambuco sobre a temática, sendo então possível o desenvolvimento de materiais didáticos que possam atender tais concepções e propiciar reflexões sobre as questões escolhidas por nós.
Effect of Temperature on Drying Characteristics and Quality of Three Nigerian Onion Varieties Using a Fabricated Electrically Powered Dryer
Authors: Oniya O.O. , Fashina A. B. , Adeiza A. O. , Ogunkunle O. , Adebayo A. O.
Published: October 2021

The research work is done to evaluate the effect of temperature on drying characteristics and quality of red, cream and white varieties Nigerian onion using a locally fabricated electrically powered dryer. Clean onion samples of 1.5 kg from each of the three varieties were sliced into 3 mm thickness. Fresh samples of the three onion varieties were analyzed to determine the initial values of protein, fat, ash, crude fibre, and moisture content on a dried basis (m.c.d.b.) using recommended AOAC methods.. Vitamin C and microbial loads content were determined before loading into a locally fabricated electrically-powered dryer. The onion samples were dried at varying pre-determined temperatures of 50, 60, and 70 oC. After drying, the proximate compositions, vitamin C and microbial loads were also determined. The protein, fat, ash and crude fibre of the fresh onion samples were 1.5, 0.5, 0.6 and 0.5%, respectively, while m.c.d.b, vitamin C content and microbial loads ranged from 85.1-88.2%, 8.1-8.3 mg/100 gm and 4.45-5.39 mg. Red onion samples were dried for 13:15h, 12:10h and 10:30h; white onion samples for 13:00h, 12:25h and 10:40h; while cream onion samples for 13:10h, 12:35h and 10:15h at 50, 60, and 70 oC, respectively. The protein, fat, ash, crude fibre, m.c.d.b, vitamin C content and microbial loads of the dried onion samples at all the drying temperatures ranged from 10.110.4, 1.1-1.5, 3.3-3.5, 5.5-5.8, 5.5-6.9%, 3.1-4.9 mg/100 gm, 1.314.17 mg, respectively. The drying temperature had a significant effect (p-value < 0.05) on the quality of all the onion samples. At 70 oC, protein, fibre, ash, fat and pungency retention were significantly (p< 0.05) high and within acceptable limits while microbial loads were low with the reduction in Vitamin C contents in all the onion varieties. Therefore, onion can best be dried at 70 oC to achieve the optimum quality and flavour required for its use as a spice.
Abundance and Diversity of Snails in Relation to Physicochemical Parameters along Kwadom Stream, Gombe State, Nigeria
Authors: Tela Murna , Usman Abubakar
Published: October 2021

Aims: The aim of the study is to investigate the abundance and diversity of snails along Kwadom stream, Gombe state, Nigeria.

Study Design:  Snails were collected using a benthic scoop net with mesh size of 0.2 mm and hand picking from three sampling stations (home, farmlands, and fishponds sites) along Kwadom stream; between 6:30 am to 11:00 am weekly. In addition, physicochemical parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, alkalinity, water depth and pH) were measured fortnightly to determine their effect on the diversity of snail species.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted along Kwadom stream in Yamaltu Deba Local Government Area of Gombe State, Nigeria from March to July 2021.

Methodology: Snails were collected from each of the three stations and identified to species level using hand lens and taxonomy keys. Water physicochemical parameters: temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, alkalinity, water depth and pH were measured using standard method. General linear models (GLM) were used to compare the abundance and diversity of the snails across the sampling station, as well as the effect of physicochemical parameters on the diversity of snails.

Results: 160 individual snails were recorded from 11 species, including Biomphalaria pfeifferi– the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni. The result showed there was a significant difference in the abundance of snails (p<0.01) across the three study sites – home site 68 (42.5%), farmlands site 56 (35%) and fishpond site 36 (22.5%). The home site had a higher diversity of snail species (p<0.01) relative to the farmlands and fishponds sites. Temperature, conductivity, and alkalinity had a significant effect on the diversity of snails.

Conclusion: Overall, Kwadom stream harbors many individual snail species, suggesting the need for educating the public on the mode of transmission of diseases that are caused by these snails.
A New Sodium Calcium Cyclotetravanadate Framework: “Zero‐Strain” during Large‐Capacity Lithium Intercalation
Authors: Yang Liting , Liang Guisheng , Cao Haijie , Ma Siyuan , Liu Xuehua , Li Xiao , Chen Guanyu , You Wenbin , Lin Chunfu , Che Renchao
Published: October 2021

“Zero‐strain” materials with little lattice strain and volume change during long‐term cycling are ideal electrode choices for long‐life lithium‐ion batteries. However, the very limited “zero‐strain” materials explored generally show small capacities (<200 mAh g−1), and the origin of “zero‐strain” is still unclear. Here, Na2Ca(VO3)4 (NCVO) nanowires are explored as a new anode material capable of keeping single‐phase‐transition “zero‐strain” during large‐capacity (381 mAh g−1) Li+ intercalation. NCVO owns a crystal structure with isolated [V4O12]4− tetracycles separated by large‐sized NaO6 octahedra and CaO8 square antiprism decahedra, generating large‐sized quadrilateral and hexagonal channels (≈3.6 Å). During lithiation, two‐electron transfer per vanadium is accomplished, introducing a large amount of Li+ into interstitial sites and increasing the size of reduced vanadium ions. The former and latter expansion effects are eliminated by the superior volume‐buffering capabilities of the sufficiently large interstitial sites and electrochemical inactive Na‐/Ca‐based polyhedra, respectively, thus achieving “zero‐strain” with the maximum volume variation of only 0.039% and mean strain of only 0.060%. Therefore, the NCVO nanowires exhibit exceptional cyclic stability, as demonstrated by 93.8%/93.2%/94.7% capacity retention over 2000/2000/7000 cycles at 1C/2C/10C. The understanding of the crystal‐structural features for “zero‐strain” provides a guide for the future designs of “zero‐strain” energy‐storage materials.
Application of Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Upconversion in Organic Optoelectronic Devices: Advances and Perspectives
Authors: Gao Can , Wong Wallace W. H. , Qin Zhengsheng , Lo Shih‐Chun , Namdas Ebinazar B. , Dong Huanli , Hu Wenping
Published: October 2021

Organic semiconductor materials have been widely used in various optoelectronic devices due to their rich optical and/or electrical properties, which are highly related to their excited states. Therefore, how to manage and utilize the excited states in organic semiconductors is essential for the realization of high‐performance optoelectronic devices. Triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) upconversion is a unique process of converting two non‐emissive triplet excitons to one singlet exciton with higher energy. Efficient optical‐to‐electrical devices can be realized by harvesting sub‐bandgap photons through TTA‐based upconversion. In electrical‐to‐optical devices, triplets generated after the combination of electrons and holes also can be efficiently utilized via TTA, which resulted in a high internal conversion efficiency of 62.5%. Currently, many interesting explorations and significant advances have been demonstrated in these fields. In this review, a comprehensive summary of these intriguing advances on developing efficient TTA upconversion materials and their application in optoelectronic devices is systematically given along with some discussions. Finally, the key challenges and perspectives of TTA upconversion systems for further improvement for optoelectronic devices and other related research directions are provided. This review hopes to provide valuable guidelines for future related research and advancement in organic optoelectronics.
Enhanced Sub‐Terahertz Microscopy based on Broadband Airy Beam
Authors: Zhang Dajun , Liu Ji , Yao Jin , Zhang Zhengping , Chen Beng , Lin Zhansong , Cao Juncheng , Wang Xiong
Published: October 2021

Non‐diffraction electromagnetic beams such as Airy beams attract wide exploration in various disciplines owing to its fascinating features and great potential of applications. Although generation and applications of Airy beams are actively studied in the optical regime, applications of Airy beams in the THz or sub‐THz domain are rarely explored. This work proposes a new microscopic technique leveraging a sub‐THz broadband non‐diffraction Airy beam as the illumination beam to improve the image quality, which is named as enhanced sub‐THz microscopy (ESTM). The effectiveness of the ESTM is validated by a metallic sample, which shows that applying broadband measured information can render a better image quality than only using single‐frequency information. By blocking the sample using a scattering obstacle, it is demonstrated that the self‐reconstruction property of the Airy beam can efficiently suppress the distortion induced by the obstacle and good images can still be obtained. In addition, it is shown that the image quality applying a broadband Airy beam is superior to that of non‐diffraction quasi‐Bessel beams and other conventionally used illumination beams for microscopic technique.
On‐site non‐destructive determination of the remanent magnetization of archaeological finds using field magnetometers
Authors: Wunderlich Tina , Kahn Raphael , Nowaczyk Norbert R. , Pickartz Natalie , Schulte‐Kortnack Detlef , Hofmann Robert , Rabbel Wolfgang
Published: October 2021

The determination of the natural remanent magnetization (NRM) of archaeological features can be used for magnetic modelling, joining of shards, archaeomagnetic dating or the investigation of the firing–cooling–collapsing order of ancient buildings. The measurement of NRM is normally conducted on cylindrical or cubic samples in the laboratory. Nevertheless, archaeological finds should preferably not be destroyed, and laboratory instruments are high in costs. Therefore, we propose a lightweight and portable measurement set‐up including already available field magnetometers (preferably caesium magnetometers) in which the archaeological sample of arbitrary shape, in our case a piece of daub, is mounted inside a gimbal to be rotated in all directions. The magnetic field of the sample is measured at a large number of rotational positions with the magnetometer kept at fixed position. In these measurements, the unknown direction of the NRM vector of the sample is rotated, whereas the average magnetic susceptibility of the sample and the ambient magnetic field are constant and known. Hence, the vector of NRM can be determined through least‐squares inversion. For the inversion computation, the sample volume is discretized either as voxel model or approximated as an equivalent sphere. Under certain conditions depending on sample–sensor distance, dipole moment and radius of the sample, the approximation by a sphere is valid without effect on the accuracy of results. Empirically determined functions quantifying these conditions for different sensor sensitivities and noise levels are provided. Validation with laboratory measurements on palaeomagnetic subsamples from the destroyed daub samples indicate that the NRM can be determined by our proposed method with a maximum error in inclination of 2°, in declination of 20° and in magnetization of ±0.6 A/m. This is accurate enough, for example, to determine from daub pieces of burnt house remains whether the building was burnt and cooled before or after it collapsed.
Association of radiation dose intensity with overall survival in patients with distant metastases
Authors: Kao Johnny , Farrugia Mark K. , Frontario Samantha , Zucker Amanda , Copel Emily , Loscalzo John , Sangal Ashish , Darakchiev Boramir , Singh Anurag , Missios Symeon
Published: October 2021

Background

Patients with metastatic cancer referred to radiation oncology have diverse prognoses and there is significant interest in personalizing treatment. We hypothesized that patients selected for higher biologically equivalent doses have improved overall survival.

Methods

The study population consists of 355 consecutive adult patients with distant metastases treated by a single radiation oncologist from 2014 to 2018. The validated NEAT model was used to prospectively stratify patients into four distinct cohorts. Radiation dose intensity was standardized using the equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions (EQD2) model with an α/β of 10. Radiation dose intensity on survival was assessed via Cox regression models and propensity score match pairing with Kaplan–Meier analysis.

Results

The median survival was 9.3 months and the median follow‐up for surviving patients was 18.3 months. The NEAT model cohorts indicated median survivals of 29.5, 11.8, 4.9, and 1.8 months. Patients receiving an EQD2 of ≥40 Gy had a median survival of 16.0 months versus 3.8 months for patients receiving an EQD2 of <40 Gy (p < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, performance status, primary tumor site, radiation dose intensity, albumin, liver metastases, and number of active tumors were all independent predictors of survival (p < 0.05 for all). Propensity score matching was performed for performance status, albumin, number of active tumors, primary tumor site, and liver metastasis, finding higher EQD2 to remain significantly associated with improved survival within the matched cohort (p = 0.004).

Conclusion

Higher radiation dose intensity was used in patients with better prognosis and was associated with improved survival for patients with metastatic disease.
Application of Deep Neural Network Models in Drug Discovery Programs
Authors: Grebner Christoph , Matter Hans , Kofink Daniel , Wenzel Jan , Schmidt Friedemann , Hessler Gerhard
Published: October 2021

In silico driven optimization of compound properties related to pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety is a key requirement in modern drug discovery. Nowadays, large and harmonized datasets allow to implement deep neural networks (DNNs) as a framework for leveraging predictive models. Nevertheless, various available model architectures differ in their global applicability and performance in lead optimization projects, such as stability over time and interpretability of the results. Here, we describe and compare the value of established DNN‐based methods for the prediction of key ADME property trends and biological activity in an industrial drug discovery environment, represented by microsomal lability, CYP3A4 inhibition and factor Xa inhibition. Three architectures are exemplified, our earlier described multilayer perceptron approach (MLP), graph convolutional network‐based models (GCN) and a vector representation approach, Mol2Vec. From a statistical perspective, MLP and GCN were found to perform superior over Mol2Vec, when applied to external validation sets. Interestingly, GCN‐based predictions are most stable over a longer period in a time series validation study. Apart from those statistical observations, DNN prove of value to guide local SAR. To illustrate this important aspect in pharmaceutical research projects, we discuss challenging applications in medicinal chemistry towards a more realistic picture of artificial intelligence in drug discovery.
Targeting Extracellular Cyclophilin A via an Albumin‐Binding Cyclosporine A Analogue
Authors: Liu Si‐Yu , Zhang Qing‐Zhou , Hu Min‐Qiang , Li Feng‐Xia , Fu Jia‐Miao , Zhu Zhen‐Dong , Li Qin‐Kai , Yang Zhen , Quan Jun‐Min
Published: October 2021

An albumin‐binding CsA analogue 4MCsA was achieved by attachment of a thiol‐reactive maleimide group at the side‐chain of P4 position of CsA derivative. 4MCsA was semi‐synthesized from CsA, and the cell‐impermeability of albumin‐4MCsA was detected by mass spectrometry and a competitive flow cytometry. 4MCsA exhibits inhibition of chemotaxis activity and inflammation by targeting extracellular CypA without immunosuppressive effect and cellular toxicity. These combined results suggested that 4MCsA can be restricted extracellularly through covalently binding to Cys34 of albumin with its maleimide group, and regulate the functions of cyclophilin A extracellularly.
Effective extraction method for triple errors in foreground calibration of TI‐ADCs
Authors: Azizian Sarkis , Ehsanian Mehdi
Published: October 2021

This paper presents a novel procedure for detecting offset, gain, and timing skew errors in foreground calibration of time‐interleaved analog‐to‐digital converters (TI‐ADCs). An efficient peak detection scheme has been introduced, which is successfully employed to extract timing skew error. The designed method has also been extended to derive the gain and offset errors separately to form the generalized architecture. The objective is performed with the adjustment of the rational coefficient for each error. Simplicity and low hardware consumption will constitute the notable advantages of the proposed algorithm. Mathematical expressions have been provided to explain the principles. A special case in which all triple errors could exist together has also been analyzed. Then, the proposed architecture was implemented at the system level. Finally, the behavioral simulation results for a 12‐bit four‐channel TI‐ADC have been demonstrated to confirm the accuracy of the proposed algorithm. The simulation environment has consisted of the sampling frequency of 8 GHz for TI‐ADC and 1 GHz single‐tone input frequency for each channel (associated with the Gaussian noise). Based on the results, the maximum value of 77.21 dB for SFDR has been achieved after the calibration process when the average error of 9% for timing skew and 6% tolerance for gain were considered for the channels of TI‐ADC.
Thermodynamic coefficients of ideal Fermi gas
Authors: Kozharin Alexey S. , Levashov Pavel R.
Published: October 2021

We present analytical formulae for the first and second derivatives of the Helmholtz free energy of non‐relativistic ideal Fermi gas. Important thermodynamic quantities such as heat capacity, sound velocity, heat capacity ratio, and others are explicitly expressed through the derivatives. We demonstrate correct ideal Boltzmann gas and low‐temperature Fermi gas asymptotes and derive corrections to thermodynamic functions for these limiting cases. Numerical computations of thermodynamic properties of ideal Fermi gas can be accurately performed using the developed freely available Python module ifg.
A Dilemma Within Doctoral Supervision: Applying an Ethical Decision‐Making Model
Authors: Chae Nancy , Gosling David R. , Goshorn Jeremy R. , Fan Shuhui
Published: October 2021

This article is based on the second place–winning submission to the 2019 American Counseling Association Graduate Student Ethics Competition for Doctoral Degree Students. The fictional ethical dilemma presents three perspectives within doctoral supervision (i.e., a doctoral supervisor, supervisees, and faculty supervisor) related to grappling with master's‐level school counseling supervisees. A selected ethical decision‐making model is used to delineate the problems and dimensions of the dilemma and offer courses of action in response to the ethical dilemma. Implications for counselors, supervisors, and counselor educators are discussed.
Virtues as Correlates and Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress and Growth
Authors: Zeligman Melissa , Norris Elizabeth K. , Coleman Jamian , Wood Andrew W.
Published: October 2021

We examined the virtues of optimism, hope, and gratitude as potential correlates and predictors of posttraumatic stress (PTS) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) in a sample of trauma survivors (N = 151). Results indicated that each of these qualities significantly correlated with PTS and PTG. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that optimism, hope, and gratitude each significantly predicted PTS, with hope being the greatest predictor of PTG. Clinical implications for professional counselors are discussed.
Counseling and Values Metastudy: An Analysis of Publication Characteristics From 2000 to 2019
Authors: Alder Candice , Yu Candice , Bardhoshi Gerta , Erford Bradley T.
Published: October 2021

Articles published in Counseling and Values: Spirituality, Ethics, and Religion in Counseling (CVJ) from 2000 to 2019 were analyzed for trends over time related to author characteristics and article content. Women now (2015–2019) compose more than two thirds of lead authors, about 90% of first and all authors are primarily affiliated with universities, and 12% of first authors from 2015 to 2019 are domiciled internationally. CVJ significantly increased the proportion of research publications while maintaining consistent proportions across all coded research variables. Only about 10% of articles focused on ethics, whereas 28% focused on spiritual and religious topics.
Novel detection schemes for generalized quadrature spatial modulation
Authors: Patel Sagar , Chauhan Dharmendra , Bhalani Jaymin , Trivedi Y. N.
Published: October 2021

Spatial Modulation (SM) is a technology that incorporates digital modulation and coding with multiple antennas to achieve high data rates along with improved energy efficiency. Quadrature spatial modulation (QSM), which extends the transmitted signals to in‐phase and quadrature domains, has recently been proposed to improve spectral efficiency (SE) for SM. In this paper, we have considered a combination of Generalized QSM (GQSM) and Quasi Orthogonal Space Time Block Codes (QOSTBC). We propose a new detection scheme for the GQSM and use three different prevailing detection schemes for QOSTBC. We present Bit Error Rate (BER) versus average SNR performance for the combined system using M‐QAM constellations with quasi‐static spatially uncorrelated Rayleigh fading channels and computational complexity in terms of numbers of addition/multiplication and search time. We have compared the considered system with prevailing GQSM system and shown that the prevailing system, as per active antenna permutation (AAP) in GQSM, offers number of transmitted bits ranging from 2 to 9 whereas the proposed system offers number of transmitted bits ranging from 6 to 16 in the same bandwidth. Thus, there is a visible gain in SE. Furthermore, we have compared the BER performance of the considered system with the performance of maximum likelihood detector (MLD) and spatial modulation (SM). In the considered system, the QOSTBC improves the diversity gain. Hence, we have shown that the considered Scheme 3 substantially outperforms the SM. Further, the considered system with Scheme 3 has nearly similar BER performance with the maximum likelihood detector (MLD), which has higher computational complexity.
Driven to the edge: Species distribution modeling of a Clawed Salamander (Hynobiidae: Onychodactylus koreanus) predicts range shifts and drastic decrease of suitable habitats in response to climate change
Authors: Shin Yucheol , Min Mi‐Sook , Borzée Amaël
Published: October 2021

Climate change is one of the major threats to global amphibian diversity, and consequently, the species distribution is expected to shift considerably in the future. Therefore, predicting such shifts is important to guide conservation and management plans. Here, we used eight independent environmental variables and four representative concentration pathways (RCPs) to model the current and future habitat suitability of the Korean clawed salamander (Onychodactylus koreanus) and then defined the dispersal limits of the species using cost distance analysis. The current habitat suitability model generated using the maximum entropy algorithm was highly consistent with the known distribution of the species and had good predictive performance. Projections onto years 2050 and 2070 predicted a drastic decrease of habitat suitability across all RCPs, with up to 90.1% decrease of suitable area and 98.0% decrease of optimal area predicted from binary presence grids. The models also predicted a northeastward shift of habitat suitability toward high‐elevation areas and a persistence of suitability along the central ridge of the Baekdudaegan Range. This area is likely to become a climatic refugium for the species in the future, and it should be considered as an area of conservation priority. Therefore, we urge further ecological studies and population monitoring to be conducted across the range of O. koreanus. The vulnerability to rapid climate change is also shared by other congeneric species, and assessing the impacts of climate change on these other species is needed to better conserve this unique lineage of salamanders.
Who touched the document?: A new overall strategy for collection and identification of DNA from the questioned documents as a supportive evidence
Authors: Cavus Yonar Fatma , Rayimoglu Gulten , Anilanmert Beril , Yukseloglu Emel Hulya , Cengiz Salih
Published: October 2021

The questions on which judges/prosecutors apply for expertise are mostly about by whom a document was drafted/signed. In this study, a new collective strategy was constructed including a collection method, a modified‐silica‐based DNA isolation method, and a novel purification method on four contact traces formed on four different paper surface during writing, using PCR with AmpFlSTR®GlobalFiler™ STR kit (after experimental comparison between three different kits) and identification using CE. This collective analysis approach is more sensitive and superior to its equivalents on questioned documents in literature because quantifiable amounts of touch DNA and profiles with high loci percentages (100% on day 1, 72.72% after 1 week) were obtained up to 1 week even after the most challenging conditions of sample forming that a forensic scientist can meet; as washing hands just before drafting and using a very low pressure in a shorter time (simulating a simple contact real conditions while drafting), using no visualizing technique that damages the document. Using the strategy, four most commonly used paper types were compared, to see in which of them DNA could be recovered better. The success of this strategy was shown on the 1‐day to 10‐year‐old real samples from a diary and some archive documents from a law office (including the mix‐DNA and different ballpoint pens). Thus, it became possible to show if a person had touched the document, in high success rates up to 1 week as a secondary evidence, when primary evidences are insufficient for the detection of document fraud offenses.
Solar‐driven brine desalination and concentration by controlled salt excretion
Authors: Xia Yun , Yuan Shi , Li Yang , Gao Li , Zhang Xiwang
Published: October 2021

Desalination technology provides one promising solution to the global water shortage problem yet brings about a new challenge of managing massive waste brines. Recently, interfacial solar steam generation technology has gained increasing attention for brine treatment due to its high energy‐conversion efficiency and applicability to hypersaline brines. However, it is challenging to maintain high performance because of salt fouling problem. Herein, this study presents a novel salt excretion approach to maintaining the evaporation efficiency of interfacial solar steam systems for improved long‐term stability in brine desalination. By creating a directional flow, accumulated salts are excreted via discharging the concentrated brine. This approach is effective and applicable for brines with a broad range of concentration owing to its tuneable concentrating performance. With the capability of continuously producing clean water and near‐saturation brine, this work advances solar steam technologies toward practical applications, such as brine concentration and resource recovery.

image
Health insurance for university students in Bangladesh: A novel experiment
Authors: Hamid Syed Abdul , Khanam Moriam , Azim Md. Ragaul , Islam Md. Sirajul
Published: October 2021

Background and Aims

Bangladesh requires some pragmatic initiatives for using its immense potentiality to flourish health insurance. Introducing group health insurance for university students is a groundbreaking idea for stepping toward social health insurance in Bangladesh. This article examined the effect of the health insurance initiative for the university students introduced by the Institute of Health Economics, University of Dhaka, on attitude toward insurance and protecting financial risk against health care expenditure.

Method

We used both management information system (MIS) and primary data obtained through mixed methods. We collected the quantitative data from a baseline survey on 310 students and a year‐end survey on 151 students. We used bivariate tools to analyze the data.

Results

The results show that the mean score of attitude toward health insurance in the year‐end survey (4.04) was significantly higher than the baseline score (3.21). Results also show that a significantly higher percentage of the students reported insurance as “useful” in the year‐end survey (83.74%) than the baseline survey (40.40%). The results also reflectes that the scheme has a substantial impact on reducing the out‐of‐pocket spending for health care, especially for in‐patient care, and the anxiety regarding the financing of health care among the students. There is also an indication of sustainability and the feasibility of scaling up such a scheme across the country.

Conclusions

Introducing such health insurance by all the universities may guide the nation toward large‐scale group health insurance and social health insurance.
Beneficial effects on body weight of group vs individual care in adults with type 1 diabetes on advanced technologies
Authors: Franco Luca , Bozzetto Lutgarda , Angelis Raffaele De , Calabrese Ilaria , Cavagnuolo Luisa , Gasparro Tiziana , Riccardi Gabriele , Rivellese Angela Albarosa , Annuzzi Giovanni
Published: October 2021

Rationale and aims

Outpatient group visits in diabetes care have several potential advantages and can be simplified by the new technologies. The aim of this study was to assess feasibility and effectiveness of group visits vs individual visits in adults with type 1 diabetes on insulin pump therapy (continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, CSII) and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).

Methods

Outpatient setting for group visits (2‐hour duration, quarterly, 6‐8 patients) was the projection on giant screen of each patient's CGM and insulin pump data, with interactive discussion moderated by a diabetologist. Anthropometric measures and glycemic control (HbA1c) were assessed before and after a mean observation period of 4.4 ± 1.2 years (mean ± standard deviation, M ± SD) in CSII patients followed by group visits (GROUP) or individual visits (INDIVIDUAL) between 2013 and 2019.

Results

At the beginning of the observation, GROUP and INDIVIDUAL cohorts were strictly matched for gender (M/F = 37/35 and 37/35), age, diabetes duration, body mass index (BMI), CSII duration, and HbA1c level. HbA1c levels did not change significantly between beginning and end of observation in either cohort (GROUP 7.54 ± 0.80% and 7.60 ± 0.79%, P = .585; INDIVIDUAL 7.73 ± 1.27% and 7.60 ± 1.08%, P = .281) (time*visit effect P = .232, two‐way repeated measures analysis of variance [ANOVA]). Body weight remained unchanged in the GROUP cohort (73.2 ± 14.0 vs 73.8 ± 14.8 kg, P = .361), while it increased in the INDIVIDUAL cohort (70.3 ± 13.5 vs 73.0 ± 13.7 kg, P < 0.001) (time*visit effect P = .009).

Conclusions

Group care is feasible in adult patients with type 1 diabetes using new technologies. Group visits can be beneficial in inducing lifestyle changes, as indicated by the favorable effects observed on body weight trend.
Wages, Productivity, and Work Intensity in the Great Depression
Authors: Darby Julia , Hart Robert A.
Published: October 2021

We show that U.S. manufacturing wages during the Great Depression were importantly determined by forces on firms' intensive margins. Short‐run changes in work intensity and the longer‐term influence of potential productivity combined to influence real wage growth. By contrast, the external effects of unemployment and replacement rates had much less impact. Empirical work is undertaken against the background of a simple efficient bargaining model that embraces earnings, employment, hours of work, and work intensity.
Deficits, Explicit Debt, Implicit Debt, and Interest Rates: Some Empirical Evidence
Authors: Wang Zijun , Rettenmaier Andrew J.
Published: October 2021

This study revisits the long‐standing issue of the relationship between government borrowing and long‐term interest rates through innovations accounting in vector autoregression models. In particular, we consider the dynamic effects of primary deficits and both explicit and implicit debt on long‐term interest rates. In addition to the widely used Cholesky decomposition, the emerging method of directed acyclic graphs is also used for the purpose of model identification. We find that federal deficits and explicit and implicit debt all affect the nominal long‐term interest rates to varying degrees; although, the effects tend to die out after several years. The evidence assembled here is preliminary because of data availability. Nevertheless, it does suggest that it is important to consider the increasing amount of debt implicit in the government entitlement programs in the future discussion of fiscal discipline.
Sources of Economics Majors: More Biology, Less Business
Authors: Kasper Hirschel
Published: October 2021

This paper uses national data from 1975 to 2003 to examine which alternative academic disciplines were chosen by undergraduates as if they were complements to, or substitutes for, an economics major. One familiar hypothesis suggests that majoring in economics is a reluctant choice for students more interested in a business major. However, when the proportion of economics majors is considered across all disciplines, I find a striking inverse relation between the shares of graduating majors in economics and those in biology; no relationship between any other two disciplines is closer. The paper closes with speculations about possible reasons for the strong negative relation between the shares of graduates in biology and economics.
Indenture as a Self‐Enforced Contract Device: An Experimental Test
Authors: Kritikos Alexander S. , Tan Jonathan H. W.
Published: October 2021

We experimentally test the efficacy of indenture as a self‐enforced contract device. In an indenture game, the principal signals the intention of payment on delivery by tearing a banknote in half and giving the agent one half of it as “prepayment”; the agent receives the completing half after delivering the service. By forward induction, cooperation is incentive‐compatibly self‐enforcing. The indenture performs very well, inducing a significantly higher level of cooperation than that in a three‐stage centipede game, which we use to benchmark the natural rate of cooperation. The difference between cooperation rates in both games increases over time.
Unusual CD34 positivity in acute myeloid leukaemia with myelodysplasia‐related changes with megakaryoblastic differentiation
Authors: Avenoso Daniele , Krishnamurthy Pramila , Salisbury Jonathan , Rashid Sabia , Gandhi Shreyans
Published: October 2021

Acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia is a rare entity with distinct immunophenotype profile and cytogenetic lesions. Herein, we report a case of acute myeloid leukaemia with myelodysplastic‐related changes with megakaryoblastic differentiation in absence of recurrent genomic lesions such as t(1;22), inv(3) and t(3;3).

One of the peculiarities of this case is the positivity of CD34+ within the abnormal megakaryoblasts; CD61 immunohistochemistry highlights the heavily infiltration of bone marrow from abnormal megakaryoblasts.
Highly efficient microwave‐assisted solvent free sequential one‐pot multicomponent synthesis of novel 2‐hydroxy indenopyridin‐5‐ones and mechanismic computational study
Authors: Jamali Marzieh , Sardarian Ali Reza , Rezaei Farideh , Ghanbari Mohammad Mehdi , Mohajeri Afshan
Published: October 2021

A sequential one‐pot three‐component microwave‐assisted reaction for the efficient and regioselective synthesis of unprecedented polysubstituted 2‐hydroxypyridines has been reported. In brief, 1H‐indene‐1,3(2H)‐dione was reacted with acetamide in the presence of NaOH to give N‐(1‐oxo‐1H‐inden‐3‐yl)acetamide, which was treated in situ with aromatic aldehydes to build up the 2‐hydroxy‐4‐aryl‐5H‐indeno[1,2‐b]pyridin‐5‐ones without using any oxidant and isolation of intermediate.