bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measurement report: The effect of aerosol chemical composition on light scattering due to the hygroscopic swelling effect
Authors: Ren Rongmin , Li Zhanqing , Yan Peng , Wang Yuying , Wu Hao , Cribb Maureen , Wang Wei , Jin Xiao'ai , Li Yanan , Zhang Dongmei
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Liquid water in aerosol particles has a significant effect on
their optical properties, especially on light scattering, whose dependence
on chemical composition is investigated here using measurements made in
southern Beijing in 2019. The effect is measured by the particle light
scattering enhancement f(RH), where RH denotes the relative humidity, which
is found to be positively and negatively impacted by the proportions of
inorganic and organic matter, respectively. Black carbon is also negatively
correlated. The positive impact is more robust when the inorganic matter
mass fraction was smaller than 40 % (R=0.93, R: the Pearson's correlation
coefficient), becoming weaker as the inorganic matter mass fraction gets
larger (R=0.48). A similar pattern was also found for the negative impact
of the organic matter mass fraction. Nitrate played a more significant role
in aerosol hygroscopicity than sulfate in Beijing. However, the
deliquescence point of ambient aerosols was at about RH = 80 % when the
ratio of the sulfate mass concentration to the nitrate mass concentration of
the aerosol was high (mostly higher than ∼ 4). Two schemes to
parameterize f(RH) were developed to account for the deliquescent and
non-deliquescent effects. Using only one f(RH) parameterization scheme to fit
all f(RH) processes incurs large errors. A piecewise parameterization scheme
is proposed, which can better describe deliquescence and reduces
uncertainties in simulating aerosol hygroscopicity.
Mie–Raman–fluorescence lidar observations of aerosols during pollen season in the north of France
Authors: Veselovskii Igor , Hu Qiaoyun , Goloub Philippe , Podvin Thierry , Choël Marie , Visez Nicolas , Korenskiy Mikhail
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The multiwavelength Mie–Raman–fluorescence lidar of the University of Lille has the
capability to measure three aerosol backscattering coefficients, two extinction
coefficients and three linear depolarization ratios, together with
fluorescence backscattering at 466 nm. It was used to characterize aerosols
during the pollen season in the north of France for the period March–June
2020. The results of observations demonstrate that the presence of pollen
grains in aerosol mixture leads to an increase in the depolarization ratio.
Moreover, the depolarization ratio exhibits a strong spectral dependence
increasing with wavelength, which is expected for the mixture containing
fine background aerosols with low depolarization and strongly depolarizing
pollen grains. A high depolarization ratio correlates with the enhancement of
the fluorescence backscattering, corroborating the presence of pollen
grains. Obtained results demonstrate that simultaneous measurements of
particle depolarization and fluorescence allows for the separation of dust, smoke
particles and aerosol mixtures containing the pollen grains.
Impact of 3D radiative transfer on airborne NO2 imaging remote sensing over cities with buildings
Authors: Schwaerzel Marc , Brunner Dominik , Jakub Fabian , Emde Claudia , Buchmann Brigitte , Berne Alexis , Kuhlmann Gerrit
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Airborne imaging remote sensing is increasingly used to map the spatial distribution of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in cities. Despite the small ground-pixel size of the sensors, the measured NO2 distributions are much smoother than one would expect from high-resolution model simulations of NO2 over cities. This could be caused by 3D radiative transfer effects due to observation geometry, adjacency effects and effects of buildings. Here, we present a case study of imaging a synthetic NO2 distribution for a district of Zurich using the 3D MYSTIC solver of the libRadtran radiative transfer library. We compute NO2 slant column densities (SCD) using the recently implemented 3D-box air mass factors (3D-box AMF) and a new urban canopy module to account for the effects of buildings. We found that for a single ground pixel (50 m × 50 m) more than 50 % of the sensitivity is located outside of the pixel, primarily in the direction of the main optical path between sun, ground pixel, and instrument. Consequently, NO2 SCDs are spatially smoothed, which results in an increase over roads when they are parallel to the optical path and a decrease otherwise. When buildings are included, NO2 SCDs are reduced on average by 5 % due to the reduced sensitivity to NO2 in the shadows of the buildings. The effects of buildings also introduce a complex pattern of variability in SCDs that would show up in airborne observations as an additional noise component (about 12 μmol m−2) similar to typical measurement uncertainties. The smearing of the SCDs cannot be corrected using 1D-layer AMFs that assume horizontal homogeneity and thus remains in the final NO2 map. 3D radiative transfer effects by including buildings need to be considered to compute more accurate AMFs and to reduce biases in NO2 vertical columns obtained from high-resolution city-scale NO2 remote sensing.
Low biodegradability of particulate organic carbon mobilized from thaw slumps on the Peel Plateau, NT, and possible chemosynthesis and sorption effects
Authors: Shakil Sarah , Tank Suzanne , Vonk Jorien , Zolkos Scott
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Upon thaw, permafrost carbon entering streams may be mineralized into CO2 or re-sequestered into sediments. The balance between these processes is an important uncertainty in the permafrost-carbon-climate feedback. Warming and wetting in the western Canadian Arctic are accelerating thaw-driven mass wasting by permafrost thaw slumps, increasing particulate organic carbon (POC) delivered to headwater streams by orders of magnitude. Using aerobic incubations of POC from streams affected by thaw slumps we find that slump-mobilized POC undergoes minimal (~4 %) oxidation over a 1-month period and may be predominantly destined for sediment deposition. Mobilization of mineral-rich tills in this region may also protect carbon from mineralization via adsorption to minerals and promote inorganic carbon sequestration via chemolithoautotrophic processes. Region-specific assessments of permafrost carbon fates and inquiries beyond organic carbon decomposition are needed to constrain drivers of carbon cycling and climate feedbacks within stream networks affected by permafrost thaw.
Chapmanite [Fe2Sb(Si2O5)O3(OH)]: thermodynamic properties and formation in low-temperature environments
Authors: Majzlan Juraj , Kiefer Stefan , Lilova Kristina , Subramani Tamilarasan , Navrotsky Alexandra , Dachs Edgar , Benisek Artur
Published: July 2021

Abstract. In this work, we have determined or evaluated thermodynamic properties of synthetic Sb2O5, MgSb2O6 (analogue of the mineral byströmite), Mg[Sb(OH)6]2⋅6H2O (brandholzite), and natural chapmanite [(Fe1.88Al0.12)Sb(Si2O5)O3(OH)]. Enthalpies of reactions, including formation enthalpies, were evaluated using reference compounds Sb, Sb2O3, Sb2O5, and other phases, with high-temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry in lead borate and sodium molybdate solvents. Heat capacity and entropy were determined by relaxation and differential scanning calorimetry. The best set of ΔfHo (kJ mol−1) and So (J mol−1 K−1) is byströmite -1733.0±3.6, 139.3±1.0; brandholzite -5243.1±3.6, 571.0±4.0; and chapmanite -3164.9±4.7, 305.1±2.1. The data for chapmanite give ΔfGo of -2973.6±4.7 kJ mol−1 and log⁡K=-17.10 for the dissolution reaction (Fe1.88Al0.12)Sb(Si2O5)O3(OH) + 6H+→ 1.88Fe3+ + 0.12Al3+ + 2SiO20 + Sb(OH)30 + 2H2O. Analysis of the data showed that chapmanite is finely balanced in terms of its stability with schafarzikite (FeSb2O4) and tripuhyite (FeSbO4) under a specific, narrow range of conditions when both aqueous Fe(III) and Sb(III) are abundant. In such a model, chapmanite is metastable by a narrow margin but could be stabilized by high SiO20(aq) activities. Natural assemblages of chapmanite commonly contain abundant amorphous silica, suggesting that this mechanism may be indeed responsible for the formation of chapmanite. Chapmanite probably forms during low-temperature hydrothermal overprint of pre-existing Sb ores under moderately reducing conditions; the slightly elevated temperatures may help to overcome the kinetic barrier for its crystallization. During weathering, sheet silicates may adsorb Sb3+ in tridentate hexanuclear fashion, thus exposing their chapmanite-like surfaces to the surrounding aqueous environment. Formation of chapmanite, as many other sheet silicates, under ambient conditions, is unlikely.
Coastal complexity of the Antarctic continent
Authors: Porter-Smith Richard , McKinlay John , Fraser Alexander D. , Massom Robert A.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The Antarctic outer coastal margin (i.e. the coastline itself or the terminus or front of ice shelves, whichever is adjacent to the ocean) is a key
interface between the ice sheet and terrestrial environments and the Southern Ocean. Its physical configuration (including both length scale of
variation, orientation, and aspect) has direct bearing on several closely associated cryospheric, biological, oceanographical, and ecological
processes, yet no study has quantified the coastal complexity or orientation of Antarctica's coastal margin. This first-of-a-kind characterization
of Antarctic coastal complexity aims to address this knowledge gap. We quantify and investigate the physical configuration and complexity of
Antarctica's circumpolar outer coastal margin using a novel technique based on ∼ 40 000 random points selected along a vector coastline
derived from the MODIS Mosaic of Antarctica dataset. At each point, a complexity metric is calculated at length scales from 1 to 256 km,
giving a multiscale estimate of the magnitude and direction of undulation or complexity at each point location along the entire coastline. Using a
cluster analysis to determine characteristic complexity “signatures” for random nodes, the coastline is found to comprise three basic groups or
classes: (i) low complexity at all scales, (ii) most complexity at shorter scales, and (iii) most complexity at longer scales. These classes are
somewhat heterogeneously distributed throughout the continent. We also consider bays and peninsulas separately and characterize their multiscale
orientation. This unique dataset and its summary analysis have numerous applications for both geophysical and biological studies. All these data are
referenced by https://doi.org/10.26179/5d1af0ba45c03 (Porter-Smith et al., 2019) and are available free of charge at http://data.antarctica.gov.au
(last access: 7 June 2021).
A global compilation of U-series-dated fossil coral sea-level indicators for the Last Interglacial period (Marine Isotope Stage 5e)
Authors: Chutcharavan Peter M. , Dutton Andrea
Published: July 2021

Abstract. This dataset is a comprehensive, global compilation of
published uranium–thorium (U-series) dated fossil coral records from
∼ 150 000–110 000 years ago, as well as associated
elevation measurements and sample metadata. In total, 1312 U-series
measurements from 994 unique coral colonies are included in the current
version of the dataset, all of which have been normalized and recalculated
using the same decay constant values. Of these measurements, 444 analyses
from 330 colonies are relative sea-level indicators, whereas 15 analyses
from 13 colonies are marine limiting. Two example geochemical screening
criteria have been included to assist users with identifying altered fossil
corals that display geochemical open-system behavior, and the originally
published interpretations on age quality have been preserved within the
sample metadata. Additionally, a clear distinction has been made between
coral colonies that are in primary growth position, which may be used for
relative sea-level reconstructions, and colonies that have been
transported/reworked, which cannot be used for these purposes. Future
research efforts involving fossil coral sea-level reconstructions should
emphasize an “integrated” and holistic approach that combines careful
assessment of U-series age quality with high-precision surveying techniques
and detailed facies/stratigraphic observations. This database is available
at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4309796 (Chutcharavan and
Dutton, 2020).
UAV-based very high resolution point cloud, digital surface model and orthomosaic of the Chã das Caldeiras lava fields (Fogo, Cabo Verde)
Authors: Vieira Gonçalo , Mora Carla , Pina Pedro , Ramalho Ricardo , Fernandes Rui
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Fogo in the Cabo Verde archipelago off western Africa is one of the most prominent and active ocean island volcanoes on Earth, posing an important
hazard both to local populations and at a regional level. The last eruption took place between 23 November 2014 and 8 February 2015 in the Chã
das Caldeiras area at an elevation close to 1800 ma.s.l. The eruptive episode gave origin to extensive lava flows that almost fully
destroyed the settlements of Bangaeira, Portela and Ilhéu de Losna. During December 2016 a survey of the Chã das Caldeiras area was
conducted using a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and real-time kinematic (RTK) global navigation satellite system (GNSS), with the objective of improving the terrain models
and visible imagery derived from satellite platforms, from metric to decimetric resolution and accuracy. The main result is a very high resolution
and quality 3D point cloud with a root mean square error of 0.08 m in X, 0.11 m in Y and 0.12 m in Z, which fully
covers the most recent lava flows. The survey comprises an area of 23.9 km2 and used 2909 calibrated images with an average ground
sampling distance of 7.2 cm. The dense point cloud, digital surface models and orthomosaics with 25 and 10 cm resolutions, a
50 cm spaced elevation contour shapefile, and a 3D texture mesh, as well as the full aerial survey dataset are provided. The delineation of the
2014/15 lava flows covers an area of 4.53 km2, which is smaller but more accurate than the previous estimates from 4.8 to
4.97 km2. The difference in the calculated area, when compared to previously reported values, is due to a more detailed mapping of the
flow geometry and to the exclusion of the areas corresponding to kīpukas (outcrops surrounded by lava flows). Our study provides a very
high resolution dataset of the areas affected by Fogo's latest eruption and is a case study supporting the advantageous use of UAV aerial
photography surveys in disaster-prone areas. This dataset provides accurate baseline data for future eruptions, allowing for different applications
in Earth system sciences, such as hydrology, ecology and spatial modelling, as well as to planning. The dataset is available for download at
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4718520 (Vieira et al., 2021).
A unique, large-sized stem Odonata (Insecta) found in the early Pennsylvanian of New Brunswick (Canada)
Authors: Béthoux Olivier , Norrad Rowan E. , Stimson Matthew R. , King Olivia A. , Allen Luke F. , Deregnaucourt Isabelle , Hinds Steven J. , Lewis Jake H. , Schneider Jörg W.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. A stem relative of dragon- and damselflies, Brunellopteron norradi Béthoux, Deregnaucourt and Norrad gen. et sp. nov., is documented based on a specimen found at Robertson Point (Grand Lake, New Brunswick, Canada; Sunbury Creek Formation; early Moscovian, Pennsylvanian) and preserving the basal half of a hindwing. A comparative analysis of the evolution of wing venation in early odonates demonstrates that it belongs to a still poorly documented subset of species. Specifically, it displays a MP + CuA fusion, a CuA + CuP fusion, and a CuP + AA fusion, but it lacks the “extended” MP + Cu / CuA fusion and the “extended” (CuP / CuA + CuP) + AA fusion, the occurrence of which is typical of most Odonata, including Meganeura-like species. The occurrence of intercalary veins suggests that its closest relative might be Gallotypus oudardi Nel, Garrouste and Roques, 2008, from the Moscovian of northern France.
A Parquet Cube alternative to store gridded data for data analytics and modeling
Authors: Zigna Jean-Michel , Semlal Reda , Gouillon Flavien , Davis Ethan , Lambert Elisabeth , Briol Frédéric , Prod-Homme Romain , Arms Sean , Zawadzki Lionel
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The volume of data in the field of Earth data observation has increased considerably, especially with the emergence of new generations of satellites and models providing much more precise measures and thus voluminous data and files. One of the most traditional and popular data formats used in scientific and education communities (reference) is the NetCDF format. However, it was designed before the development of cloud storage and parallel processing in big data architectures. Alternative solutions, under open source or under proprietary licences, appeared in the past few years (See Rasdaman, Opendatacube). These data cubes are managing the storage and the services for an easy access to the data but they are also altering the input information applying conversions and/or reprojections to homogenize their internal data structure, introducing a bias in the scientific value of the data. The consequence is that it drives the users in a closed infrastructure, made of customized storage and access services. The objective of this study is to propose a light new open source solution which is able to store gridded datasets into a native big data format and make data available for parallel processing, analytics or artificial intelligence learning. There is a demand for developing a unique storage solution that would be opened to different users: Scientists, setting up their prototypes and models in their customized environment and qualifying their data to publish as Copernicus datatsets for instance; Operational teams, in charge of the daily processing of data which can be run in another environment, to ingest the product in an archive and make it available to end-users for additional model and data science processing. Data ingestion and storage are key factors to study to ensure good performances in further subsetting access services and parallel processing. Through typical end users’ use cases, four storage and services implementations are compared through benchmarks: Unidata's THREDDS Data Server (TDS) which is a traditional NetCDF data access service solution built on the NetCDF-Java, an extension of the THREDDS Data Server using object store, pangeo/Dask/Python ecosystem, and the alternative Hadoop/Spark/Parquet solution, driven by CLS technical and business requirements.
Long-term relative decline in evapotranspiration with increasing runoff on fractional land surfaces
Authors: Wang Ren , Gentine Pierre , Yin Jiabo , Chen Lijuan , Chen Jianyao , Li Longhui
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Evapotranspiration (ET) accompanied by water and heat
transport in the hydrological cycle is a key component in regulating surface
aridity. Existing studies documenting changes in surface aridity have
typically estimated ET using semi-empirical equations or parameterizations
of land surface processes, which are based on the assumption that the
parameters in the equation are stationary. However, plant physiological
effects and its responses to a changing environment are dynamically
modifying ET, thereby challenging this assumption and limiting the
estimation of long-term ET. In this study, the latent heat flux (ET in
energy units) and sensible heat flux were retrieved for recent decades on a
global scale using a machine learning approach and driven by ground
observations from flux towers and weather stations. This study resulted in
several findings; for example, the evaporative fraction (EF) – the ratio of
latent heat flux to available surface energy – exhibited a relatively
decreasing trend on fractional land surfaces. In particular, the decrease in
EF was accompanied by an increase in long-term runoff as assessed by
precipitation (P) minus ET, accounting for 27.06 % of the global land
areas. The signs are indicative of reduced surface conductance, which
further emphasizes that surface vegetation has major impacts in regulating
water and energy cycles, as well as aridity variability.
The evolution of stable silicon isotopes in a coastal carbonate aquifer on Rottnest Island, Western Australia
Authors: Martin Ashley N. , Meredith Karina , Baker Andy , Norman Marc D. , Bryan Eliza
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Dissolved silicon (dSi) is a key nutrient in the oceans, but data regarding Si isotopes in coastal aquifers are not widely available. Here we investigate the Si isotopic composition of 12 fresh and 16 saline groundwater samples from Rottnest Island, Western Australia, which forms part of the world's most extensive aeolianite deposit (the Tamala Limestone formation). In total, two bedrock samples were also collected from Rottnest Island for Si isotope analysis. The δ30Si values of groundwater samples ranged from −0.4 ‰ to +3.6 ‰ with an average
+1.6 ‰, and the rock samples were −0.8 ‰ and −0.1 ‰. The increase in δ30Si values in fresh
groundwater is attributed to the removal of the lighter Si isotopes into secondary minerals and potentially also adsorption onto Fe
(oxy)hydroxides. The positive correlations between δ30Si values and dSi concentrations (ρ = 0.59; p = 0.02) and
δ30Si values and Cl, but not dSi and Cl concentrations, are consistent with vertical mixing between the younger fresh groundwater
and the deeper groundwater, which have undergone a greater degree of water–rock interactions. This has produced a spatial pattern in
δ30Si across the aquifer due to the local hydrogeology, resulting in a correlation between δ30Si and tritium
activities when considering all groundwater types (ρ = −0.68; p = 0.0002). In the deeper aquifer, the inverse correlation between dSi and Cl concentrations (ρ = −0.79; p = 0.04) for the more saline groundwater is attributed to groundwater mixing with local
seawater that is depleted in dSi (< 3.6 µM). Our results from this well-constrained island aquifer system demonstrate that stable Si isotopes usefully reflect the degree of water–aquifer interactions, which is related to groundwater residence time and local hydrogeology. Our finding that lithogenic Si dissolution occurs in the freshwater lens and the freshwater–seawater transition zone on Rottnest Island appears to supports the recent inclusion of a marine–submarine groundwater discharge term in the global dSi mass balance. Geologically young carbonate aquifers, such as Rottnest Island, may be an important source of dSi in coastal regions with low riverine input and low oceanic dSi concentrations.
The Staphylococcus aureus toxin–antitoxin system YefM–YoeB is associated with antibiotic tolerance and extracellular dependent biofilm formation
Authors: Qi Xinyu , Brothers Kimberly M. , Ma Dongzhu , Mandell Jonathan B. , Donegan Niles P. , Cheung Ambrose L. , Richardson Anthony R. , Urish Kenneth L.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The high antibiotic tolerance of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms is associated with challenges
for treating periprosthetic joint infection. The toxin–antitoxin system,
YefM–YoeB, is thought to be a regulator for antibiotic tolerance, but its
physiological role is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine
the biofilm and antibiotic susceptibility phenotypes associated with S. aureus yoeB
homologs. We hypothesized the toxin–antitoxin yoeB homologs contribute to
biofilm formation and antibiotic susceptibility. Disruption of yoeB1 and
yoeB2 resulted in decreased biofilm formation in comparison to Newman and JE2
wild-type (WT) S. aureus strains. In comparison to yoeB mutants, both Newman and JE2 WT
strains had higher polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) production.
Treatment with sodium metaperiodate increased biofilm formation in Newman
WT, indicating biofilm formation may be increased under conditions of
oxidative stress. DNase I treatment decreased biofilm formation in Newman
WT but not in the absence of yoeB1 or yoeB2. Additionally, WT strains had a higher
extracellular DNA (eDNA) content in comparison to yoeB mutants but no
differences in biofilm protein content. Moreover, loss of yoeB1 and yoeB2 decreased
biofilm survival in both Newman and JE2 strains. Finally, in a neutropenic
mouse abscess model, deletion of yoeB1 and yoeB2 resulted in reduced bacterial
burden. In conclusion, our data suggest that yoeB1 and yoeB2 are associated with
S. aureus planktonic growth, extracellular dependent biofilm formation, antibiotic
tolerance, and virulence.
Multi-scenario urban flood risk assessment by integrating future land use change models and hydrodynamic models
Authors: Sun Qinke , Fang Jiayi , Dang Xuewei , Xu Kepeng , Fang Yongqiang , Li Xia , Liu Min
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Urbanization and climate change are the critical challenges in the 21st century. Flooding by extreme weather events and human activities can lead to catastrophic impacts in fast-urbanizing areas. However, high uncertainty in climate change and future urban growth limit the ability of cities to adapt to flood risk. This study presents a multi-scenario risk assessment method that couples the future land use simulation model (FLUS) and floodplain inundation model (LISFLOOD-FP) to simulate and evaluate the impacts of future urban growth scenarios with flooding under climate change (two representative concentration pathways (RCPs 2.6 and 8.5)). By taking Shanghai coastal city as an example, we then quantify the role of urban planning policies in future urban development to compare urban development under multiple policy scenarios (Business as usual, BU; Growth as planned, GP; Growth as eco-constraints, GE). Geospatial databases related to anthropogenic flood protection facilities, land subsidence, and storm surge are developed and used as inputs to the LISFLOOD-FP model to estimate flood risk under various urbanization and climate change scenarios. The results show that urban growth under the three scenario models manifests significant differences in expansion trajectories, influenced by key factors such as infrastructure development and policy constraints. Comparing the urban inundation results for the RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 scenarios, the urban inundation area under the GE scenario is less than that under the BU scenario, but more than that under the GP scenario. We also find that urban will tend to expand to areas vulnerable to floods under the restriction of ecological environment protection. The increasing flood risk information determined by the coupling model helps to understand the spatial distribution of future flood-prone urban areas and promote the re-formulation of urban planning in high-risk locations.
The 2021 Corporate Transparency Act: The Next Frontier of U.S. Tax Transparency and Data Debates
Authors: Ring Diane
Published: July 2021

The 2021 Corporate Transparency Act: The Next Frontier of U.S. Tax Transparency and Data Debates
Ergenler İçin Sosyal Medya Mahremiyetini Koruma Becerileri Ölçeği’nin Geliştirilmesi
Authors: Gelbal Odabaş Özlem , İlhan Tahsin , Kılıçer Kerem
Published: July 2021

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, ergenlerin sosyal medyada mahremiyeti koruma becerilerinin değerlendirilebileceği geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek geliştirmektir.
Yöntem: Araştırma, yaşları 11-18 arasında olan toplam 790 ortaokul ve lise öğrencisi (K:435, E:355) ile yürütülmüştür. Madde havuzunu oluşturmak amacıyla 15-18 yaş arası 10 öğrenciyle (K:5, E:5) bireysel görüşme yapılmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında, Ergenler İçin Sosyal Medya Mahremiyetini Koruma Becerileri Ölçeği, Öğrenci Siber Sağlık Ölçeği’nin alt boyutları olarak geliştirilen Çevrimiçi Mahremiyet Ölçeği-Çevrimiçi Güvenlik Ölçeği kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Faktör analizi sonucunda 27 maddeli ölçeğin açıkladığı toplam varyansın % 46.33 olduğu, üç faktörlü bir yapı sergilediği, birinci ve ikinci düzey doğrulayıcı faktör analizinin uyum indekslerinin iyi uyuma işaret ettiği gözlenmiştir. Çevrimiçi mahremiyet ölçeği ve çevrimiçi güvenlik ölçeği ile yapılan ölçüt dayanaklı geçerlilik çalışmaları sonucunda elde edilen korelasyon değerleri ölçeğin geçerliliğini desteklemektedir. Ölçeğin Cronbach Alpha güvenirlik katsayısı .90 ve test- tekrar test güvenirlik katsayısı .78’dir.
Sonuç: Ergenler İçin Sosyal Medya Mahremiyetini Koruma Becerileri Ölçeği’nin geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu ve sosyal medya mahremiyetini koruma becerisi değişkeninin ölçülmesinde kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Dijital Bağımlılık ve FoMo, Kişilik Faktörleri ve Mutluluk ile İlişkisi: Üniversite Öğrencileri İle Bir Uygulama
Authors: Sarıca Keçeci Hande , Kahya Özyirmidokuz Esra , Özbakır Lale
Published: July 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmada sosyal medya bağımlılığı, akıllı telefon bağımlılığı, oyun oynama bozukluğu ile kişilik, gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusu (FoMo) ve mutluluk arasındaki ilişkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Erciyes Üniversitesi’nde 497 gönüllü katılımcıya (%61,2 kadın, %38,8 erkek) Beş Faktör Kişilik Ölçeği, Üsküdar Eksik Olma Korkusu Ölçeği, Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılığı Ölçeği (SAS), İnternet Oyun Oynama Bozukluğu Ölçeği (IGDS9-SF), Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı Ölçeği (SMAS-SF), Toronto Aleksimi Ölçeği ve Oxford Mutluluk Ölçeği uygulanmıştır
Bulgular: Mobil bağımlık, oyun oynama bozukluğu ve FoMo ile sosyal medya bağımlılığı arasında anlamlı; mobil bağımlılık ile nevrotiklik, yumuşak başlılık ve dürüstlük arasında anlamlı; oyun oynama bozukluğu ile yumuşak başlılık ve dürüstlük arasında anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Sosyal medya bağımlılığı ile nevrotiklik arasında; sanal iletişim ve sanal problem ile dürüstlük arasında; sanal bilgi ile dışadönüklük arasında anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Bu araştırma sonucunda, sosyal medya bağımlılığı, akıllı telefon bağımlılığı, oyun oynama bozukluğu ile kişilik, FoMo ve mutluluk arasında ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir.
Effect of COVID-19 Restrictions on Nomophobia and Smartphone Addiction Levels
Authors: Fidancı İzzet , Aksoy Hilal , Yengil Taci Duygu , Ayhan Başer Duygu , Cankurtaran Mustafa
Published: July 2021

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the restrictions imposed due to the COVID-19 Pandemic on nomophobia and smartphone addiction levels.
Method: People aged 18 and over who agreed to participate in the study and who have applied the "Nomophobia Scale" and the "Smartphone Addiction Scale" (SAS) within 1 year before the pandemic restrictions were included in the study by applying the same questionnaire during the period after the pandemic restrictions.
Results: The number of participants was 100. A statistically significant difference was found between the pre-pandemic and post-pandemic nomophobia scores of the participants. While the mean nomophobia score was 74.2 before the pandemic, it was 76.2 after the pandemic. There was a statistically significant difference between the smartphone addiction scale scores of the participants before and after the pandemic. While the mean SAS score before the pandemic was 34.0, it increased to 36.7 after the pandemic.
Conclusion: Behavioral changes are inevitable during the COVID-19 pandemic and the need for technology has increased. Therefore, necessary measures should be taken to prevent psychological disorders caused by the increase in technology-related addiction levels, and efforts should be made to reduce or control addiction levels.
Platform games: The writer, the publishing industry and debates over non-print book formats in the twenty-first century
Authors: Earls Nick
Published: July 2021

The twenty-first century has seen significant evolution of publishing platforms. Since the publication of the first commercial ebook in 2000, much of the public discussion around the ebook’s place in English-language publishing has cast it as a rival to printed books and a threat to the industry, rather than an alternative vessel for content delivery. At various times during that seventeen years, both ebooks and paper books have been declared a spent force, with the other seen as on the brink of triumph. During this time, audiobooks have evolved significantly, and other narrative platforms have arisen. This paper examines the ongoing debates about platforms, the selective use of, and extrapolation from details that has occurred as part of it, and the framing of the predictions that have characterised it, many of which have proven to be inaccurate. It argues for a writer-centred view that understands this debate, but sees all formats as a way to reach readers, and worthy of consideration in a writer’s publishing plans.
#STREATstories: Mapping a creative collaboration
Authors: Rendle-Short Francesca , Aung Thin Michelle , Scott Ronnie , Taylor Stayci
Published: July 2021

#STREATstories is a storytelling project focused on the artistic activities and interventions of a social enterprise that successfully supports homeless and disadvantaged young people in Melbourne’s inner city. The project explores an ‘applied creative writing’ approach to creative fieldwork, critical perspectives and imaginative inquiry for researchers keen to employ their writing/research skills and interests to matters of social injustice and inequity. This paper goes ‘behind the scenes’ to uncover the orientation of four collaborators on this creative research project, all of whom come from very different creative practices, and examine what informs their approach – what and how they do what they do as co-creators and what brings them into this collaborative space. Areas of approach and interest range across ideas of friendship and ‘lovence’, the ‘intimacy of failure’, notions of ‘giving’ voice, and the ‘collaboration’ between artists and materials. The four contributors to this paper explore how these various interests influence the process of collaboration and co-creation as they negotiate ‘that simple but enigmatic step, joining hand, eye and mind’ (Carter 2004: xiii).
“Volver a tener patria”: populismo y reforma institucional en el discurso de Rafael Correa en las Elecciones presidenciales de 2006 en Ecuador
Authors: Soto Carrasco David
Published: July 2021

Se analiza desde un punto de vista filosófico-político y pragmático-discursivo las características ideológicas del discurso de Rafael Correa durante las elecciones presidenciales de 2006. Correa acometió una interpretación laclausiana del tiempo histórico, traduciendo que la crisis de representación del país podía originar un estallido o momento populista. En base a ello, el discurso populista que llevó a Correa al poder en 2007, se construyó sobre el uso de dos marcos argumentativos básicos: 1) ubicar a los partidos políticos tradicionales (“la partidocracia”) como antagónicos a la patria y 2) proponer una reforma constitucional mediante una Asamblea Constituyente. Se concluye con una valoración crítica sobre los límites entre movilización popular y su institucionalismo.
Sobre o uso de imagens na pesquisa com crianças: foto-elicitação e outras metodologias no panorama investigativo brasileiro
Authors: Marcello Fabiana de Amorim , Soares Gisele Rodrigues
Published: July 2021

Há muito tempo, a fotografia, em seus aspectos dinâmicos e mesmo paradoxais, vem compondo o panorama da pesquisa no campo da Educação, teórica e metodologicamente. Assim sendo, neste artigo, temos como objetivo discutir a fotografia na qualidade de elemento decisivo de uma metodologia particular, a foto-elicitação. Mais especificamente, interessa-nos tratar da foto-elicitação, na medida em que ela é dinamizada no diálogo com um grupo particular de sujeitos, as crianças. Para tanto, inicialmente, apresentamos um levantamento bibliográfico sobre pesquisas com/sobre crianças que, metodologicamente, valeram-se de imagens para estabelecer diálogos singulares com elas (as crianças) – especialmente aquelas pesquisas que fazem uso declarado do método da foto-elicitação. Em seguida, com base na análise dos resultados desse mapeamento e, junto a ele, as nossas experiências de pesquisa com crianças, sistematizamos um conjunto de vantagens e, também, de desafios que se impõem a essa forma específica de compor o campo de investigação e suas estratégicas de produção de dados.
Effects of Carica Papaya and Psidium Guajava Extracts on Hepato-Renal Performance of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Albino Rats
Authors: Arshad Sofia , Azeem Muhammad Ahmed , Muzahir Jawaria , Mobeen Arifa , Khan Muhammad Anwar
Published: July 2021

The growing number of diabetes coupled with the harsh side effects of some synthetic drugs has led to the increasing search for alternative medicine which are relatively cheap with minimum side effects.
Objective:
To investigate the anti-diabetic effect of ethanolic extract of Carica papaya and Psidium guajava extracts separately and in combination, and the effect of treatment on hepato-renal performance.
Methods:
Papaya and guava leaves were macerated in 98% ethanol for extraction.
Results:
The result showed that ethanolic leaf extract of P. guajava and C. papaya significantly (P< 0.05) reduced blood glucose level, Total Cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and significant increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL) as compared to diabetic control group. Serum activities of liver enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was slightly elevated that indicate hepatotoxic nature of plant extracts. The level of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), bilirubin and HbA1C level were restored to normal range. A slight reduction in body weight (P>0.05) of treated groups was observed. Serum urea and creatinine concentration was restored to normal level in treated rats with regeneration of kidney function.
Conclusions:
The study concluded that individual and combined plant extract show anti-hyperglycemic effect but the combined remedy at this dose show hepatotoxicity.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Its Associated Ethical Issues
Authors: Abdulllah Shahino Mah
Published: July 2021

The adoption of AI in many industries has been regarded by some as a threat to low- and middle-skill workers, as it will drastically cut down reliance on the human workforce. Besides unemployment, there are also concerns about rising economic inequality caused by AI-driven companies. With fewer employees, these companies could gain a disproportionate advantage over conventional companies that still depend on normal, shift-based systems. There is also the issue that some AI bots have achieved the capability to interact with humans and build relationships through conversations. This influential communication could eventually enable these bots to affect human behaviour and possibly trigger certain actions. Significantly, therefore, such intelligent machines are not immune to mistakes and confusion since not all possible examples of real world interaction are covered during their training; this weakness could be manipulated to fulfil certain ends. Also, Al cannot be expected to be entirely fair and neutral, since it is dependent on human programmers, who have their own interests and whims.
Child Protection and Corporate Zakat
Authors: Ali Mohammad Mahbubi
Published: July 2021

Issues of child abuse, neglect, malnutrition and exploitation are the focus of renewed attention amongst governments, policymakers and multilateral institutions. For instance, the United Nations Millennium Declaration 2005 and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 2017 have listed children’s rights to survival, health, and education as their main agendas. Research has shown that children are the most vulnerable segments of society, being exposed to abuse and violence. Each year, an estimated 0.5 to 1.5 billion children are involved in physical violence, 150 million girls and 73 million boys are raped or subjected to sexual abuse, 115 million children are engaged in dangerous work, and 264 million children have no access to school.
Islam and the Challenge of Diversity and Pluralism: Must Islam Reform Itself?
Authors: Bakar Osman
Published: July 2021

This article seeks to present a counter view of the Western critique of contemporary Islam with specific reference to its treatment of the problem of diversity and pluralism. The prevailing Western view of Islam’s experience of diversity and pluralism is that it has failed to positively respond to this important challenge of the modern world. The basic belief underlying this view is that Islam is incompatible with modernity, political democracy, and cultural diversity and pluralism, which are generally considered as the hallmarks of modern Western civilisation. According to this view, only a radically reformed Islam can come to terms with these Western achievements. The Western critique of contemporary Islam is discussed in the context of a post-September 11 world for the important reason that it was the September 11 tragedy that generated a new phase of Western interest in Islam and fresh calls for its reforms. An influential voice in this Western critique is Bernard Lewis who, in his decades of scholarship on Islam, has consistently argued for an Islamic reformation. This article seeks to provide a critical response to the Lewisian idea of Islamic reformation, especially concerning the issue of diversity and pluralism. It argues that a new Islamic understanding of diversity and pluralism is urgently needed in this century, but this can only come about through an authentic tajdid (renewal) that offers fresh interpretations of the religion without destroying its original soul, spirit and character.
Moderation in Fatwa and Ijtihad: Juristic and Historical Perspectives
Authors: Kamali Mohammad Hashim
Published: July 2021

This article jointly explores the various dimensions of fatwa and ijtihad, notwithstanding the former being our main theme. The two are explored together as there are many commonalities between them, the source evidence concerning the one often also relating to the other. The discussion begins with a comparative note on fatwa and ijtihad (independent reasoning), which is then followed by an expounding of the characteristic features of fatwa and its relevant procedures. Modern developments concerning fatwa issuance procedures are the subject of another section. These developments have led to a certain amount of bureaucratisation of fatwa, which has both its advantages and disadvantages. These are also explored and then followed by an overview of fatwa-related developments in Malaysia. The remainder of the article discusses the importance of observing moderation (wasatiyyah) in fatwa and ijtihad, which tends in many ways to characterise the typical Islamic advice and approach on these subjects. The article concludes with a set of actionable recommendations.
Raising the Quality of Muslim Learning: Broadening the Curriculum
Authors: Abdullah Abdul Karim
Published: July 2021

Two efforts have taken place in the Muslim world in recent decades - 1977 to 1996 - to reform education. The first initiative was launched by the OIC. A parallel attempt was launched by the IIIT. The latter was in certain aspects a response to the former. While the two efforts shared a common aim – the reform of Muslim education - they adopted different approaches to realise this objective. The differences between the two approaches are due to different perceptions about the reasons for the decline of Muslim education, and how it may be overcome. The OIC initiative traced the problems in Islamic education to a dualism which separated religious studies from contemporary subjects. This approach was content with integrating “contemporary” subjects in established Islamic studies. The Islamisation movement, by contrast, insisted that contemporary subjects needed to be “Islamised”  before being introduced into the curricula of Islamic institutions of learning. In retrospect, the integration approach has proven enduring and resilient compared to the Islamisation approach. Currently, it is being implemented successfully in the Gulf region and in nations such as Malaysia.
Women in Islamic Civilisation: Their Rights and Contributions
Authors: Akhmetova Elmira
Published: July 2021

This paper provides a general survey of the contributions made by women to science, knowledge and welfare in Islamic civilisation. The paper determines that early Muslims approached Islam and science in a holistic fashion, after adopting an epistemology which maintained a unity between science, technology and spiritual knowledge. The paper also suggests that, in the early age of Islam, women were given positions of trust and high responsibility in the spheres of leadership, education, and science. But, this empowerment of women in early Islam bears little relation to the conditions of women in modern-day Muslim societies, where women often suffer the most in conflict-ridden regions, whether from insecurity, domestic abuse, low education levels or poor medical care. The paper accordingly establishes a direct link between the absence of good governance and issues like gender inequality, the violation of the rights of women, and the current weakness of Muslims in science and technology. Without good governance, the status of women is unlikely to improve. If women’s rights to both a proper education and an occupation continue to be neglected, the equilibrium of Muslim society will be damaged, hindering its ability to produce innovative and passionate minds.
Muslim Student Expectations From Islamic Studies Courses in Australia
Authors: Ozalp Mehmet , Daqiq Tamana
Published: July 2021

In 2009, the Islamic Sciences and Research Academy of Australia (ISRA Australia) partnered with Australia’s Charles Sturt University to establish the Centre for Islamic Studies and Civilisation (CISAC). From 2011, CISAC began offering undergraduate and graduate courses combining traditional higher Islamic learning with the modern quality standards of tertiary-level education. Since the opportunity to study Islam in an Australian university is rare, CISAC has attracted students from a diversity of age, ethnic and educational backgrounds, and with wide-ranging academic skills and motivations. While such diversity sets a unique opportunity, it also poses challenges for educators in terms of course design, approaches to learning and student services. For this study, we surveyed 360 students from CISAC to determine their motivations for undertaking undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in Islamic Studies and the expectations they had from those courses. It was found that, by providing a holistic Islamic higher education within a structured and measured university model, CISAC has filled a unique gap. Also, whilst the vast majority of students seek to gain a well-rounded Islamic education, a small number undertake CISAC courses with the aim of pursuing further study. In that context, we concluded that CISAC needs to supply supplementary traditional scholarly programmes for those students who wish to go further. The study also highlights the importance of student engagement and feedback as a means of adequately meeting the demands of those students pursuing Islamic Studies in the West.
Muslims Should Pay More Attention to Human Relations
Authors: Batchelor Daud
Published: July 2021

The contemporary situation in much of the Muslim world suggests to us that, while teachings on ibadat (ritual worship, including prayer, fasting, zakat, hajj) have been faithfully conveyed to many of us by our Imams, instruction in the other category of Islamic law, mu’amalat  (civil transactions and social interactions), has generally been given less attention. This has led to shortcomings in the Muslim world, especially in the context of our duty to provide an exemplary moral example for the rest of humanity.
Professor Dr Jamaluddin Atiyyah
Authors: Shaleh Muhammad Adha
Published: July 2021

On Thursday night, 12 January 2017 (15 Rabiul Akhir 1438), Professor Jamaluddin Atiyyah passed away at the age of 89. He possessed the mind and intellect of a great servant of the Ummah and of the contemporary Muslim world. We deeply mourn the demise of this great leader. The passing of this great man evokes the Prophetic tradition: “God does not take away knowledge by taking it away from the hearts of the people, but He takes it away by the death of the religious learned man.”