bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How is particulate organic carbon transported through the river-fed submarine Congo Canyon to the deep sea?
Authors: Hage Sophie , Baker Megan L. , Babonneau Nathalie , Soulet Guillaume , Dennielou Bernard , Silva Jacinto Ricardo , Hilton Robert G. , Galy Valier , Baudin François , Rabouille Christophe , Vic Clément , Sahin Sefa , Açikalin Sanem , Talling Peter J.
Published: September 2024

Abstract. The transfer of carbon from land to the near-coastal ocean is increasingly being recognized in global carbon budgets. However, a more direct transfer of terrestrial organic carbon to the deep sea is comparatively overlooked. Among systems that connect coastal to deep-sea environments, the submarine Congo Canyon is of particular interest since the canyon head starts 30 km into the Congo River estuary, which delivers ∼7 % of the dissolved and particulate organic carbon from the world's rivers. However, sediment and particulate organic carbon transport mechanisms that operate in the Congo Canyon and submarine canyons more globally are poorly constrained compared to rivers because monitoring of deep-sea canyons remains challenging. Using a novel array of acoustic instruments, sediment traps, and cores, this study seeks to understand the hydrodynamic processes that control delivery of particulate organic carbon via the submarine Congo Canyon to the deep sea. We show that particulate organic carbon transport in the canyon axis is modulated by two processes. First, we observe periods where the canyon dynamics are dominated by tides, which induce a background oscillatory flow (speeds of up to 0.15 m s−1) through the water column, keeping muds in suspension, with a net upslope transport direction. Second, fast-moving (up to 8 m s−1) turbidity currents occur for 35 % of the time during monitoring periods and transport particulate organic carbon with mud and sand at an estimated transit flux that is more than 3 to 6 times the flux induced by tides. Organic carbon transported and deposited in the submarine canyon has a similar isotopic composition to organic carbon in the Congo River and in the deep-sea fan at 5 km of water depth. Episodic turbidity currents thus promote efficient transfer of river-derived particulate organic carbon in the Congo submarine fan, leading to some of the highest terrestrial carbon preservation rates observed in marine sediments globally.
Thermal State of Permafrost in the Central Andes (27° S–34° S)
Authors: Koenig Cassandra E.M. , Hilbich Christin , Hauck Christian , Arenson Lukas U. , Wainstein Pablo
Published: September 2024

Abstract. The importance of monitoring the thermal state of permafrost is well recognized given the many hazards posed permafrost degradation under climate change. International collaborative efforts are in place to collate standardized permafrost monitoring data, aiming to establish baselines and early warning systems for potential consequences resulting from large-scale permafrost loss. Most of these data have been compiled from circumpolar regions and mountain environments in the Northern Hemisphere. To date, a scarcity of ground temperature monitoring data in South America has limited the understanding of the thermal state and possible degradation of mountain permafrost in Chile and Argentina. This study represents the first coordinated effort to compile and examine trends within ground temperature data from high altitude (i.e., 3,500 m to 5,500 m) mountain permafrost regions of the Central Andes. Ground temperature measurements were available from 53 boreholes installed by the private sector along a north-south transect at the Chilean-Argentine border (between 27° S and 34° S) within cold and warm permafrost, as well as non-permafrost zones. The dataset revealed similarities in ground temperature characteristics with those of other mountain permafrost regions, characteristics like high spatial and temporal variability, correlations with altitude and slope aspect, and distinct thermal attributes of rock glaciers. These observations suggest that processes shaping the thermal regime of the Central Andes are analogous to other mountain permafrost regions, which was previously hypothesized, but until now, not widely demonstrated with data. With the longest record in the dataset spanning 9 years, it is currently not possible to determine whether ground temperatures are increasing in response to climate warming. Instead, the high temporal variability observed in the data likely reflects short-term micro-climatic fluctuations and topo-climatic attributes unique to the Andean cryosphere, including hyper-arid conditions, intense solar radiation, lack of vegetative cover and organic matter, less massive ice (except for rock glaciers), and mountain topography in a southern hemisphere location. In addition, the susceptibility of the area to regional climatic phenomena (such as ENSO and PDO) implies that long-term trends may only be discernible from extended time-series datasets, spanning decades, highlighting the need for continuous and ongoing monitoring. A significant aspect of the presented dataset is its potential role in corroborating permafrost distribution models and upscaling efforts in the region, which currently lack in-situ data for calibration and validation. The study itself represents a unique and noteworthy collaboration between private industry, governments, and scientists, towards the advancement of understanding a key climate change indicator in a region with a paucity of ground-based data.
Locating and quantifying CH4 sources within a wastewater treatment plant based on mobile measurements
Authors: Yang Junyue , Xu Zhengning , Xia Zheng , Pei Xiangyu , Yang Yunye , Qiu Botian , Zhao Shuang , Zhang Yuzhong , Wang Zhibin
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are substantial contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emission because of the high production of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). A typical WWTP complex contains multiple functional areas that are potential sources for GHG emissions. Accurately quantifying GHG emissions from these sources is challenging due to the inaccuracy of emission data, the ambiguity of emission sources, and the absence of monitoring standards. Locating and quantifying WWTPs emission sources in combination with measurement-based GHG emission quantification methods are crucial for evaluating and improving traditional emission inventories. In this study, CH4 mobile measurements were conducted within a WWTP complex in the summer and winter of 2023. We utilized a multi-source Gaussian plume model combined with the genetic algorithm inversion framework, designed to locate major sources within the plant and quantify the corresponding CH4 emission fluxes. We identified 12 main point sources in the plant and estimated plant-scale CH4 emission fluxes of 603.33 ± 152.66 t a-1 for the summer and 418.95 ± 187.59 t a-1 for the winter. The predominant sources of CH4 emissions were the screen and primary clarifier, contributing 55 % and 67 % to the total emissions in summer and winter, respectively. The comparison against traditional emission inventories revealed that the CH4 emission fluxes in the summer were 2.8 times greater than the inventory estimates, and in the winter, emissions were twice the inventory values. Our flux inversion method achieved a good agreement between simulations and observations (correlation > 0.6 and a root mean square error (RMSE) < 0.7 mg m-3). This study demonstrated that mobile measurements, combined with the multi-source Gaussian plume inversion framework, are a powerful tool to locate and quantify GHG sources in a complex site, with the potential for further refinement to accommodate different types of factories and gas species.
Measurement report: Aircraft observations of aerosol and microphysical quantities of stratocumulus in autumn over Guangxi Province, China: Diurnal variation, vertical distribution and aerosol-cloud relationship
Authors: Liu Sihan , Wang Honglei , Zhao Delong , Zhou Wei , Du Yuanmou , Zhang Zhengguo , Cheng Peng , Zhao Tianliang , Ke Yue , Wu Zihao , Huang Mengyu
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Aerosols and clouds play important roles in the global climate system, and aerosol-cloud interactions have a significant impact on the radiation balance, water cycle, and energy cycle of the earth-atmosphere system. To understand the effect of aerosols on the vertical distribution of stratocumulus microphysical quantities in southwest China, the daily variation characteristics and formation mechanism of the vertical profiles of stratocumulus microphysical characteristics in this region were described by using the data of 9 cloud-crossing aircraft observations over Guangxi from October 10 to November 3, 2020. The influence of aerosol number concentration on cloud microphysical quantity was analyzed by combining the source of air mass and individual cases. Aerosol number concentration (Na) and cloud droplet concentration (Nc) both decreased gradually with the increase of altitude below 1500m, and did not change with the height between 1500 m and 3300 m. The inversion layer at the top of the boundary layer (PBL) hindered the increase in the cloud droplet particle size. The lower layer of the stratocumulus cloud in Guangxi was mainly small particle-size cloud droplet (effective diameter of cloud droplet, Ed<15 μm), and the middle and upper layer cloud droplet was large particle-size cloud droplet (Ed>20 μm). The vertical distribution of cloud microphysical quantity had apparent diurnal variation. When aerosols in the boundary layer were transported to the upper air (14:00 to 20:00), the number of cloud droplets (Nc) in the lower layer decreased, and the small particle-size cloud droplets (Ed <20 μm) in the middle layer and upper layer increased. When aerosols were transported to the boundary layer (10:00 to 13:00), the number of small particle-size cloud droplets in the lower layer of the cloud increased. The characteristics of cloud microphysical quantity were also affected by the source of air mass and the boundary layer. Under the influence of land air mass or in the boundary layer, the aerosol number concentration (Na) and Nc were high, and the cloud droplet number concentration spectrum was unimodal. Na and Nc were low under the influence of marine air mass or above the boundary layer, and the cloud droplet number concentration spectrum was bimodal. The relationship between stratocumulus and aerosol in this region is consistent with the Twomey effect. Ed and Na remain negatively correlated in different liquid water content ranges, and FIE ranged from 0.07 to 0.58.
Larger lake outbursts despite glacier thinning at ice-dammed Desolation Lake, Alaska
Authors: Lützow Natalie , Higman Bretwood , Truffer Martin , Bookhagen Bodo , Knuth Friedrich , Korup Oliver , Hughes Katie E. , Geertsema Marten , Clague John J. , Veh Georg
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Many glaciers dam lakes at their margins that can drain suddenly. Due to downwasting of these glacier dams, the magnitude of glacier lake outburst floods may change. Judging from repeat satellite observations, most ice-dammed lakes with repeated outbursts have decreased in area, volume, and flood size. Yet, we find that some lakes oppose this trend by releasing progressively larger volumes over time, and elevating downstream hazards. One of these exceptions is Desolation Lake, southeastern Alaska, having drained at least 48 times since 1972 with progressively larger volumes despite the surface lowering of the local ice dam. Here we focus on explaining its unusual record of lake outbursts using estimates of flood volumes, lake levels, and glacier elevation based on a time series of elevation models and satellite images spanning five decades. We find that the lake grew by ~10 km2 during our study period, more than any other ice-dammed lake with reported outbursts in Alaska. The associated flood volumes tripled from 200–300 × 106 m3 in the 1980s up to ~700 × 106 m3 in the 2010s, which is more than five times the regional median of reported flood volumes from ice-dammed lakes. Yet, Lituya Glacier, which dams the lake, had a median surface lowering of ~50 m between 1977 and 2019 and the annual maximum lake levels dropped by 110 m since 1985, to a level of 202 m a.s.l. in 2022. We explain the contrasting trend of growing lake volume and glacier surface lowering in terms of the topographic and glacial setting of Desolation Lake. The lake lies in a narrow valley in contact with another valley glacier, Fairweather Glacier, at its far end. During our study period, the ice front of the Fairweather Glacier receded rapidly, creating new space that allowed the lake to expand laterally and accumulate a growing volume of water. We argue that the growth of ice-dammed lakes with outburst activity is controlled more by 1) the potential for lateral expansion and 2) meltwater input due to ablation at the glacier front, than by overall mass loss across the entire glacier surface. Lateral lake expansion and frontal glacier ablation can lead to larger lake outbursts even if ablation of the overall glacier surface accelerates and the maximum lake level drops. Identifying valleys with hazardous ice-topographic conditions can help prevent some of the catastrophic damage that ice dam failures have caused in past decades.
Unbiased statistical length analysis of linear features: Adapting survival analysis to geological applications
Authors: Benedetti Gabriele , Casiraghi Stefano , Bertacchi Daniela , Bistacchi Andrea Luigi Paolo
Published: September 2024

Abstract. A proper quantitative statistical characterization of fracture length (or height) is of paramount importance when analysing outcrops of fractured rocks. Past literature suggested adopting a non-parametric approach, using circular scanlines, for the unbiased estimation of the fracture length mean value. However, necessities shifted and now there is an increasing demand for parametric solutions to correctly estimate and compare all the parameters (e.g. mean AND standard deviation) of several types of distributions. These changing requirements highlighted the absence in geological literature of properly structured theoretical works on this topic and in particular on different biases that affect this estimate. Here we propose to tackle the right censoring bias, caused by limited size of outcrops with respect to fracture length, by applying survival analysis techniques: a branch of statistics focused on modelling time to event data and correctly estimating model parameters with data affected by censoring. After discussing both theoretical and practical aspects of survival analysis applied to geological datasets, we propose a novel approach for selecting the most representative parametric model (i.e. statistical distribution), combining a direct visual approach and distance statistics modified to accommodate for censored data. The proposed approach has been applied to real outcrop data, correctly estimating censored length distributions. We also show the effects of censoring percentage on crude parametrical estimation that do not use this paradigm. The theory and techniques discussed here are wrapped in an easily installable open-source Python package called FracAbility (https://github.com/gecos-lab/FracAbility).
Modelling Cold Firn Evolution at Colle Gnifetti, Swiss/Italian Alps
Authors: Gastaldello Marcus , Mattea Enrico , Hoelzle Martin , Machguth Horst
Published: September 2024

Abstract. The existence of cold firn within the European Alps provides an invaluable source of paleo-climatic data with the capability to reveal the nature of anthropogenic forcing in Western Europe over the preceding centuries. Unfortunately, continued atmospheric warming has initiated the thermal degradation of cold firn to that of a temperate firn facie, where infiltrating meltwater compromises this vital archive. However, there is currently limited knowledge regarding the physical transition of firn between these different thermal regimes. We present the application of a modified version of the spatially distributed Coupled Snow and Ice Model in Python (COSIPY) to the high-altitude glacierised saddle of Colle Gnifetti of the Monte Rosa massif, Swiss/Italian Alps. Forced by an extensively quality-checked meteorological time series from the Capanna Margherita (4,560 m a.s.l.), with a distributed accumulation model to represent the prevalent on-site wind scouring patterns, the evolution of the cold firn's thermal regime is investigated between 2003 and 2023. Our results show a prolongation of previously identified trends of increasing surface melt at a rate of 0.54 cm w.e. yr−2 – representing a doubling over the 21-year period. This influx of additional meltwater and the resulting latent heat release from refreezing at depth, drives englacial warming at a rate of 0.056 °C yr−1, comparable to in-situ measurements. Since 1991, a measured warming of 1.5 °C (0.046 °C yr−1) has been observed at 20 m depth with a marked rotation in the temperature gradient in the uppermost 30 metres of the glacier – also partially reproduced by our model. In lower altitude regions (∼4,300 m a.s.l.), simulated warming is much greater than the local rate of atmospheric warming resulting in a rapid transition from cold to temperate firn – potentially indicative of future conditions at Colle Gnifetti. However, the simulation is very sensitive to changes to the model's parameterisation in this area and validation data is scarce. We also reveal how small changes to the model spin-up have a major influence on the evolution of the modelled thermal regime.
Modelling emission and transport of key components of primary marine organic aerosol using the global aerosol-climate model ECHAM6.3–HAM2.3
Authors: Leon-Marcos Anisbel , Zeising Moritz , van Pinxteren Manuela , Zeppenfeld Sebastian , Bracher Astrid , Barbaro Elena , Engel Anja , Feltracco Matteo , Tegen Ina , Heinold Bernd
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Primary marine organic aerosol (PMOA) contributes significantly to the aerosol loading over remote oceanic regions, where sea spray dominates aerosol production in the lower troposphere, and plays an important role in aerosol-cloud-climate interactions. The sea-atmosphere transfer of organic components depends on their abundance at the ocean surface and their physicochemical characteristics. We introduce a novel approach for representing the ocean concentration of the most abundant organic groups in seawater that are relevant to aerosols. By apportioning the phytoplankton exuded dissolved organic carbon, modelled in the biogeochemistry model FESOM2.1-REcoM3, three biomolecule groups are computed (dissolved carboxylic acidic containing polysaccharides (PCHO), dissolved combined amino acids (DCAA), and polar lipids (PL)). The transfer of these marine groups to the atmosphere is represented by the OCEANFILMS (Organic Compounds from Ecosystems to Aerosols: Natural Films and Interfaces via Langmuir Molecular Surfactants) parameterization which is implemented in the aerosol-climate model ECHAM6.3–HAM2.3 to represent the emission and transport processes in the atmosphere. The concentration of biomolecules in the ocean serves as the bottom boundary condition for the PMOA simulation within the aerosol model. Among the simulated organic groups in seawater, modelled PCHO is the most prevalent, followed by DCAA and PL. Conversely, PL contributes the most to the organic matter in aerosols, given the high air-seawater affinity of lipids compared to the other groups. Biomolecules exhibit minor variations in Equatorial waters, whereas strong seasonal patterns are observed towards the polar regions. The global aerosol model simulations indicate that PMOA emission fluxes are primarily influenced by marine biological activity and surface wind conditions. Based on the most comprehensive evaluation to date, the computed levels of biomolecules in the ocean and species-resolved PMOA concentrations are compared with ground-based measurements across the globe. The comparison shows a strong agreement, given the uncertainties in model assumptions and measurements. Since PMOA is emitted together with sea salt, model biases in the representation of the marine organic aerosol groups are caused by uncertainties in the simulated sea salt concentrations. A comparison with a set of long-range in-situ aircraft measurements indicates that by including PMOA in the model, the representation of organic aerosols in the Southern Oceans is significantly improved.
Topographic metrics for unveiling fault segmentation and tectono-geomorphic evolution with insights into the impact of inherited topography, Ulsan Fault Zone, South Korea
Authors: Lee Cho-Hee , Seong Yeong Bae , Weber John , Ha Sangmin , Kim Dong-Eun , Yu Byung Yong
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Quantifying today's topography can provide insights into landscape evolution and its controls, since present topography represents a cumulative expression of past and present surface processes. The Ulsan Fault Zone (UFZ) is an active fault zone on the southeastern Korean Peninsula that was reactivated as a reverse fault around 5 Ma. The UFZ strikes NNW–SSE and dips eastward. This study investigates the relative tectonic activity along the UFZ and the landscape evolution of the hanging-wall side of the UFZ, focusing on neotectonic perturbations using 10Be-derived catchment-averaged denudation rates and bedrock incision rates, topographic metrics, and a landscape evolution model. Five geological segments were identified along the fault, based on their relative tectonic activity and fault geometry. We simulated four cases of landscape evolution to investigate the geomorphic processes and accompanying topographic changes in the study area in response to fault movement. Model results reveal that the geomorphic processes and the patterns of topographic metrics (e.g., χ anomalies) depend on inherited topography (i.e., the topography that existed prior to reverse fault reactivation of the UFZ). On the basis of this important model finding and additional topographic metrics, we interpret the tectono-geomorphic history of the study area as follows: (1) the northern part of the UFZ has been in a transient state and is in topographic and geometric disequilibrium, so this segment underwent asymmetric uplift (westward tilting) prior to reverse faulting on the UFZ around 5 Ma, and (2) its southern part was negligibly influenced by the asymmetric uplift before reverse faulting. Our study demonstrates the utility of topographic metrics as reliable criteria for resolving fault segments. Together with landscape evolution modeling, topographic metrics provide powerful tools for examining the influence of inherited topography on present topography and for the elucidation of tectono-geomorphic histories.
Algorithmically detected rain-on-snow flood events in different climate datasets: a case study of the Susquehanna River basin
Authors: Zarzycki Colin M. , Ascher Benjamin D. , Rhoades Alan M. , McCrary Rachel R.
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Rain-on-snow (RoS) events in regions of ephemeral snowpack – such as the northeastern United States – can be key drivers of cool-season flooding. We describe an automated algorithm for detecting basin-scale RoS events in gridded climate data by generating an area-averaged time series and then searching for periods of concurrent precipitation, surface runoff, and snowmelt exceeding predefined thresholds. When evaluated using historical data over the Susquehanna River basin (SRB), the technique credibly finds RoS events in published literature and flags events that are followed by anomalously high streamflow as measured by gauge data along the river. When comparing four different datasets representing the same 21-year period, we find large differences in RoS event magnitude and frequency, primarily driven by differences in estimated surface runoff and snowmelt. Using dataset-specific thresholds improves agreement between datasets but does not account for all discrepancies. We show that factors such as meteorological forcing and coupling frequency, as well as choice of land surface model, play roles in how data products capture these compound extremes and suggest care is to be taken when climate datasets are used by stakeholders for operational decision-making.
Improving fire severity prediction in south-eastern Australia using vegetation-specific information
Authors: He Kang , Shen Xinyi , Merow Cory , Nikolopoulos Efthymios , Gallagher Rachael V. , Yang Feifei , Anagnostou Emmanouil N.
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Wildfire is a critical ecological disturbance in terrestrial ecosystems. Australia, in particular, has experienced increasingly large and severe wildfires over the past 2 decades, while globally fire risk is expected to increase significantly due to projected increases in extreme weather and drought conditions. Therefore, understanding and predicting fire severity is critical for evaluating current and future impacts of wildfires on ecosystems. Here, we first introduce a vegetation-type-specific fire severity classification applied to satellite imagery, which is further used to predict fire severity during the fire season (November to March) using antecedent drought conditions, fire weather (i.e. wind speed, air temperature, and atmospheric humidity), and topography. Compared to fire severity maps from the fire extent and severity mapping (FESM) dataset, we find that fire severity prediction results using the vegetation-type-specific thresholds show good performance in extreme- and high-severity classification, with accuracies of 0.64 and 0.76, respectively. Based on a “leave-one-out” cross-validation experiment, we demonstrate high accuracy for both the fire severity classification and the regression using a suite of performance metrics: the determination coefficient (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), and root-mean-square error (RMSE), which are 0.89, 0.05, and 0.07, respectively. Our results also show that the fire severity prediction results using the vegetation-type-specific thresholds could better capture the spatial patterns of fire severity and have the potential to be applicable for seasonal fire severity forecasts due to the availability of seasonal forecasts of the predictor variables.
Distributed Environments for Ocean Forecasting: the role of Cloud Computing
Authors: Ciliberti Stefania , Coro Gianpaolo
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Cloud computing offers an opportunity to innovate traditional methods for provisioning of scalable and measurable computed resources as needed by operational forecasting systems. It offers solutions for more flexible and adaptable computing architecture, for developing and running models, for managing and disseminating data to finally deploy services and applications. The review discussed on the key characteristic of cloud computing related on on-demand self-service, network access, resource pooling, elasticity and measured services. Additionally, it provides an overview of existing service models and deployments methods (e.g., private cloud, public cloud, community cloud, and hybrid cloud). A series of examples from the weather and ocean community is also briefly outlined, demonstrating how specific tasks can be mapped on specific cloud patterns and which methods are needed to be implemented depending on the specific adopted service model.
The role of air–sea heat flux for marine heatwaves in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Denaxa Dimitra , Korres Gerasimos , Bonino Giulia , Masina Simona , Hatzaki Maria
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Recent studies have significantly contributed to understanding physical mechanisms associated with the occurrence of marine heatwaves (MHWs). Building upon prior research, this study investigates the relative role of air–sea heat exchange and oceanic processes during the onset and decline phases of surface MHWs in the Mediterranean Sea based on a joint analysis of remote sensing data and reanalysis outputs over the period 1993–2022. Results show that air–sea heat flux is the major driver in 44 % of the onset and only 17 % of the declining MHW phases. Thus, these findings suggest that oceanic processes play a key role in driving sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies during MHWs, particularly during declines. The role of surface flux becomes more important during warmer months and onset periods. Spatially, the heat flux contribution is greater in the Adriatic and Aegean sub-basins, where it becomes the major driver of most onset phases. Latent heat emerges as the most significant heat flux component in forming the SST evolution across all seasons. Onset and decline phases lasting less than 5 d experience a weaker contribution of heat flux compared to longer phases (lasting 5–10 or more than 10 d). Moreover, an inverse relationship between MHW severity and the contribution of heat flux is observed. At the subsurface, mixed layer shoaling is found over the entire duration of most MHWs, particularly for those of shorter duration. Therefore, the surface cooling right after the peak day is likely not associated with vertical mixing in such cases. These findings suggest that other oceanic processes, potentially horizontal advection, have a key role in modulating SST at the beginning of most MHW declines. In turn, further dissipation of heat is commonly driven by vertical mixing, as indicated by a significant mixed layer deepening after the MHW end day in most cases. This study emphasizes the need to consider subsurface information for future studies of MHWs and highlights the importance of accounting for limitations associated with the definitions employed for MHW phases.
Monitoring main ocean currents of the Iberia–Biscay–Ireland region
Authors: de Pascual Collar Álvaro , Aznar Roland , Levier Bruno , Sotillo Marcos García
Published: September 2024

Abstract. The Iberia–Biscay–Ireland (IBI) region is located on the eastern margin of the North Atlantic. This geographical position results in a diverse array of currents, primarily including southward surface currents (associated with the North Atlantic subtropical gyre) and poleward slope currents at intermediate depths following the continental margins of Africa and Europe. Ocean currents have significant climatic, environmental, economic, and social implications, making them a crucial parameter whose variability needs to be monitored to anticipate diagnosis and support decision-making in the face of changing scenarios. The present study proposes a methodology that allows for systematic monitoring of ocean currents. This methodology is based on calculating volume transports within monitoring windows defined using (i) present knowledge of the ocean and (ii) delineation of the water mass to be monitored based on its density range. The proposed indicator is computed using various sources of observational and modeling data, resulting in a multi-product output. This approach provides not only an ocean monitoring indicator (OMI) of transport anomalies but also an analysis of uncertainties. The calculation of this OMI on the currents in the IBI region shows that, despite the high uncertainties, the index is capable of detecting events of high and low transport intensity as well as significant transport trends superimposed on the interannual variability of some of the analyzed currents.
Characteristics and trends of marine heatwaves in the northwest European Shelf and the impacts on density stratification
Authors: Chen Wei , Staneva Joanna
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are characterized by anomalous and prolonged increases in sea surface temperatures driven by atmospheric and oceanic factors. The intensification of MHWs is an evident consequence of ongoing global climate change. The question of whether the northwest European Shelf (NWES) is experiencing increased stratification in recent decades is of significant interest with respect to understanding the impacts of these extreme events. In this study, we leverage ocean physics reanalysis data obtained from the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) covering the temporal span from 1993 to 2023 to conduct a rigorous examination of the NWES domain. The focus centers on the assessment of potential energy anomaly (PEA) and its role in shaping stratification dynamics. Our findings reveal an increase in both the frequency and duration of MHWs in the NWES area, especially in coastal areas, where the duration of MHWs is increasing the fastest, generally by more than 2 d yr−1 over the study period. However, despite the intensified MHWs, thermal stratification in the NWES is weakening, particularly in the middle and northern North Sea. This suggests that the warming effect due to MHWs is insufficient to counteract the overall decline in thermal stratification caused by global warming. Additionally, our study highlights the significance of seawater salinity in driving the trend of density stratification. Specifically, the discharge from the Baltic Sea plays a crucial role in influencing the stratification patterns in the North Sea region.
Effect of Rabbit Urine Bio Fertilizer and NPK on Vegetative Variables of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)
Authors: Yuri Pricilia Atika , Dyah Utami Christa , Syarief Mochamad
Published: September 2024

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) is a plant that requires more N nutrients than other nutrients. The abundance and affordability of rabbit urine bio fertilizer can reduce the cost of cultivation production inputs due to the high price of inorganic fertilizers. Rabbit urine contains higher N nutrients compared to other livestock urine. This study aims to obtain a combination of Rabbit Bio Urine (BUK) fertilizer concentration and NPK fertilizer dosage that can give the best results on the growth of sorghum plants (Sorghum bicolor L.). The research method used is a non-factorial Randomized Group Design (RAK) consisting of 6 levels, namely: P1 (BUK 0 ml/L + 100% NPK), P2 (BUK 41 ml/L + 80% NPK), P3 (BUK 27 ml/L + 80% NPK), P4 (BUK 18 ml/L + 80% NPK), P5 (BUK 9 ml/L + 80% NPK), and P6 (BUK 5 ml/L + 80% NPK). The application of rabbit bio urine fertilizer gives a real effect on the parameters of plant height and stem diameter at the age of 36 HST and 42 HST. In the parameter of the number of leaves, rabbit bio urine fertilizer and NPK gave no significant effect at all observation times. The P2 treatment (BUK 41 ml/L + NPK 80%) gave the highest results in the parameters of plant height at the age of 36 HST and 42 HST which amounted to 98,1 cm and 123,7 cm. In the parameter of stem diameter, the highest result was obtained by P1 (BUK 0 ml/L + NPK 100%) which amounted to 14,8 mm.
 
Keywords : N Nutrient, Rabbit Urine Bio Fertilizer, Sorghum
SELF INCOMPATIBILITY PADA TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)
Authors: Nurhermawati Renica , Supena Nanang , Arif Mohama
Published: September 2024

Self Incompatibility (SI) merupakan bentuk mekanisme genetik yang mencegah penyerbukan sendiri dan mendorong terjadinya penyerbukan silang pada tanaman. Dalam mekanisme SI, terjadi penolakan serbuk sari yang berasal dari tanaman yang sama dengan mencegah hidrasi serbuk sari setelah kontak dengan permukaan stigma. Terdapat 2 tipe SI pada tanaman, yaitu heteromorphic self incompatibility (HetSI) dan homormorphic self incompatibility (HomSI). HetSI disebabkan karena tanaman memiliki tipe bunga yang berbeda secara morfologis, sementara HomSI terjadi ketika tanaman memiliki bunga yang serupa secara morfologis, namun tetap terdapat mekanisme SI yang diatur pada tingkat genetik. SI homomorfik juga dapat dibedakan menjadi 2 tipe berdasarkan penentu genetik inkompatibilitas dari polen, yaitu Gametophytic Self Incompatibility (GSI) dan Sporophytic Self Incompatibility (SSI). Pada GSI, mekanisme SI dikontrol oleh genotipe serbuk sari itu sendiri yang bersifat haploid, sedangkan pada SSI ditentukan oleh genotipe jaringan dari tanaman (sporofit) yang memproduksi serbuk sari tersebut dan bersifat diploid. Kedua tipe SI ini diatur oleh S-locus dengan mekanisme yang berbeda. Pada tanaman kelapa sawit tanpa biji, ditemukan adanya S-RNAse yang berperan dalam degradasi tabung serbuk sari, SRK (S-receptor kinase), dan SLG (S-locus glikoprotein) yang merupakan gen pengatur mekanisme HomSI pada beberapa tanaman. Keberadaan S-RNAse dan gen-gen pada S-locus tersebut menimbulkan kemungkinan adanya mekanisme SI pada kelapa sawit yang menghasilkan buah tanpa biji. Disamping itu, terdapat mekanisme stenospermy dan abnormalitas jaringan endosperma yang diduga menghasilkan buah dengan biji yang steril (tanpa embrio) pada kelapa sawit. Namun belum dapat dipastikan apakah keduanya merupakan bagian dari respon SI atau bukan.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi dan Interval Waktu Pemberian Biosaka terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Jagung Manis (Zea mays saccharata Strut)
Authors: Muh.ali Nur Hainul
Published: September 2024

Jagung manis (Zea mays saccharata Sturt) juga dikenal dengan Sweet corn merupakan salah satu komoditas hortikultura yang memiliki sumber karbohidrat tinggi. Jagung manis banyak di minati karena rasanya yang lebih manis, aroma dan memiliki kandungan gizi yang tinggi. Biji jagung manis memiliki kandungan gula serta kalori yang tinggi di bandingkan dengan sayuran lainnya. Tujuan penelitian yaitu mengetahui pengaruh konsentrsi biosaka terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman jagung manis, pengaruh interval waktu biosaka terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman jagung manis, dan interaksi antara konsentrasi dan interval waktu biosaka terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman jagung manis. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Dusun Sapiri, Desa Lebani, Kecamatan Maiwa, Kabupaten Enrekang, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan pada bulan Desember sampai bulan Maret. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) terdiri dari 2 faktor,  faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi Biosaka (K) yang terdiri dari 2 taraf perlakuan 40 ml/15L dan 50ml/15L. Faktor kedua adalah Interval Waktu Biosaka (W) yang terdiri dari 3 taraf perlakuan 3 hari sekali, 6 hari sekali dan 9 hari sekali. Parameter pengamatan yaitu tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, umur berbunga, jumlah biji per biji, jumlah baris per baris, produksi per unit. Adapun luaran penelitian ini yaitu  laporan penelitian akhir dan artikel ilmiah dengan status accepted di jurnal terakreditasi
EFEKTIVITAS FORMULASI SILICA GEL SEKAM PADI DAN MINYAK ATSIRI SEREH WANGI TERHADAP HAMA KUMBANG BUBUK (SITOPHILUS ZEAMAIS) PADA PENYIMPANAN BENIH JAGUNG
Authors: Riskyana Riskyana , Ardi Siti Nur Annisa , Nur Muh. Akbar , Rahmatia Rahmatia , Ramadhan Syahrul , Mariani Mariani
Published: September 2024

Benih jagung yang disimpan seringkali mengalami penurunan mutu akibat peningkatan kadar air dikarenakan sifat benih yang higroskopis dan gangguan serangan hama kumbang bubuk Sitophilus zeamais yang dapat merusak benih. Silica gel dari sekam padi merupakan sebuah produk yang digunakan untuk mencegah kelembapan pada benih. Sereh wangi mempunyai tipe mekanisme pengendalian antiinsek, insektisidal, antifeedan, repelen, antifungal, antibakteri, dan berpotensi mengendalikan hama pada benih jagung. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk mengkaji “Pengaruh Formulasi Silica gel dari limbah Sekam Padi dan Minyak Atsiri Sereh Wangi Terhadap Benih Jagung”. Penelitian dibagi menjadi beberapa tahapan diantaranya: tahapan pertama pembuatan abu sekam padi, pembuatan sol silica sekam padi, pembuatan paraffin aromatik minyak atsiri sereh wangi, pengemasan, dan analisis data. Tahapan kedua meliputi uji repelensi hama, populasi hama, kemerosotan bobot benih, kadar air benih, daya berkecambah, dan bobot kering kecambah normal. Formulasi minyak atsiri sereh wangi yang digunakan yaitu konsentrasi 10% dan 15%. Berdasarkan formulasi yang telah digunakan, formulasi silica gel dan konsentrasi minyak atsiri 15% cukup efektif dan berpengaruh nyata dalam mengurangi perkembangan populasi hama S. zeamais terhadap penyimpanan benih jagung dibandingkan control tanpa perlakuan
Transformasi Sosial Melalui Sosialisasi Kepemimpinan Dalam Meningkatkan Perkembangan Sosial dan Ekonomi Masyarakat Desa Cimaja
Authors: Kharisma Ivana Lucia , Putri Galuh Ratna , Rahman Wigi Januar , Nida Khofifah Neng Syahla , Putra Setiana Andika , Nuryani Meylinda , Rakasiwi Galih , Kamdan  , Insany Gina Purnama
Published: September 2024

This study explores the impact of leadership socialization at SMK Yayasan Sinergi Bangsa in Desa Cimaja on the community's social and economic development. Using qualitative methods, including interviews and document analysis, it investigates the influence of leadership programs on students' skills, entrepreneurial spirit, and community involvement. The study finds a strong correlation between these programs and Desa Cimaja's progress, emphasizing the importance of leadership development for responsible and proactive citizens. In conclusion, leadership socialization at SMK Yayasan Sinergi Bangsa contributes significantly to students' leadership skills and community development, highlighting the value of ongoing research in leadership education.
 Abstrak
Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi dampak sosialisasi kepemimpinan di SMK Yayasan Sinergi Bangsa di Desa Cimaja terhadap pembangunan sosial dan ekonomi masyarakat. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, termasuk wawancara dan analisis dokumen, penelitian ini menyelidiki pengaruh program kepemimpinan terhadap keterampilan siswa, semangat kewirausahaan, dan keterlibatan masyarakat. Studi ini menemukan korelasi yang kuat antara program-program ini dan kemajuan Desa Cimaja, yang menekankan pentingnya pengembangan kepemimpinan bagi warga yang bertanggung jawab dan proaktif. Kesimpulannya, sosialisasi kepemimpinan di SMK Yayasan Sinergi Bangsa memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan terhadap keterampilan kepemimpinan siswa dan pengembangan masyarakat, menyoroti nilai penelitian yang sedang berlangsung dalam pendidikan kepemimpinan.
Meningkatkan Sumber Daya Desa Wangunsari Melalui Media Informasi dan Inovasi
Authors: Agus Darmawan  , Reza Ramdani Irawan  , Moch.Azli Eka Satria S  , Angga Maulana Yusup
Published: September 2024

Desa Wangunsari, terletak di Kecamatan Cisolok, Kabupaten Sukabumi, Provinsi Jawa Barat, adalah sebuah daerah yang kaya potensi wisata dengan daya tarik alam, seperti Curug Cierang dan Geyser. Sayangnya, wisata ini masih kurang dikenal oleh wisatawan karena minimnya upaya promosi. Ketidakkenalan destinasi wisata dan kurangnya promosi merupakan tantangan utama yang dihadapi Desa Wangunsari. Selain itu, UMKM di desa ini juga menghadapi kendala dalam mengelola media informasi dan pemasaran. Kelompok kami melakukan observasi dan studi lapangan di Desa Wangunsari. Kami juga melibatkan warga setempat dalam Forum Group Discussion (FGD) untuk menggali informasi dan wawasan terkait permasalahan dan potensi desa. Hasil penelitian kami melahirkan serangkaian program kerja yang mencakup pengembangan website desa, pembuatan profil desa melalui dokumentasi foto dan video, pengembangan media informasi dan inovasi UMKM melalui platform media sosial, serta pemanfaatan sumber daya desa, seperti padi, untuk menciptakan inovasi makanan daerah. Selain itu, kami juga merencanakan pembuatan papan informasi destinasi wisata dan menyelenggarakan seminar kenakalan remaja. Penelitian ini diharapkan akan memberikan manfaat besar bagi Desa Wangunsari. Program-program yang diusulkan akan membantu meningkatkan visibilitas destinasi wisata, mendukung pertumbuhan UMKM, dan menciptakan kesadaran akan kenakalan remaja serta upaya mencegahnya. Dengan demikian, kami berharap akan meningkatkan kualitas hidup masyarakat setempat dan mendorong perkembangan berkelanjutan di Desa Wangunsari.
Tradisi Sadranan Jawa pada Masyarakat Kampung Tua Surabaya Ilir, Kec. Bandar Surabaya, Kabupaten Lampung Tengah
Authors: May Sonia Putri Maharani
Published: September 2024

Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif, yang mencakup dua tahap utama: studi literatur dan wawancara dengan bapak Nur selaku ketua yayasan kholwat yang berada di Kampung Tua Surabaya Ilir. Studi literatur merupakan langkah awal untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang mendalam tentang tradisi Sadranan Jawa di Kampung Tua Surabaya Ilir. Melalui penelusuran jurnal, artikel, dan sumber-sumber terpercaya lainnya, kami akan mengumpulkan informasi terkait asal usul, simbolisme, dan peran masyarakat dalam tradisi ini. Tradisi Jawa Sadranan di Kampung Tua , Kecamatan Bandar Surabaya, Kabupaten Lampung Tengah menjadi subjek penelitian ini. Untuk memahami secara utuh sejarah, simbolisme, dan peran sosial dari adat ini, metode penelitian kualitatif dipadukan dengan tinjauan literatur dan wawancara dengan bapak Nur. Simbol-simbol filosofis yang melekat dalam tradisi Sadranan Jawa dan akar budayanya terungkap melalui kajian sastra yang juga menawarkan kerangka teori yang kokoh. Temuan dari wawancara pada bapak nur menawarkan perspektif yang sangat unik dan berharga, melengkapi data dengan kisah kehidupan nyata dan opini langsung dari dukun. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Sadranan Jawa merupakan cerminan persatuan masyarakat dan keberagaman budaya. Jelas terlihat bahwa keterlibatan masyarakat dalam menjaga dan mempertahankan warisan ini sangatlah penting. Pemanfaatan program teknologi dan pendidikan budaya mungkin bisa menjadi peluang strategis untuk menjamin keberlangsungan Sadranan Jawa meski kita dihadapkan pada permasalahan zaman modern.
Pengaruh Kinerja Keuangan Terhadap Harga Saham Pada Industri Penghasil Bahan Baku Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI)
Authors: Al Afif Fadhil Aqilah , Nirwana Nur Andi , Nurpadilah N.
Published: September 2024

Pasar modal mempunyai pengaruh yang penting dalam menunjang perekonomian suatu negara. Pasar modal merupakan suatu sarana yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk memobilisasi dana, baik dari dalam maupun dari luar negeri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis rasio likuiditas, rasio leverage, rasio profitabilitas, rasio aktivitas terhadap harga saham pada industri penghasil Bahan Baku yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode campuran. Populasi dari penelitian ini ada perusahaan bahan baku yang terdaftar di bursa efek Indonesia dengan total sampel 8 perusahaan dalam jangka waktu 4 tahun setiap perusahaan. Metode penarikan sampel yaitu dengan purposive sampling. Data yang digunakan dalam One;itian ini adalah data sekunder metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode dokumentasi yaitu teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara mengakses www.idx.co.id. Teknis analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa current ratio berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap harga saham terhadap industri penghasil bahan baku yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia, debt to equity berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap harga saham yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia, return on Asset dan total Asset turnover berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap harga saham terhadap industri penghasil bahan baku yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia.
Pengaruh Kompetensi, Motivasi Kerja dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pada Kantor Kesyahbandaran Utama Makassar
Authors: Jamil  , Salim Basalamah  , Serlin Serang
Published: September 2024

Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa semua variabel, yakni: Kompetensi, Motivasi,dan Lingkungan Kerja, memiliki pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan secara simultan terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Kesyahbandaran Utama  Makassar. Sedang secara parsial ditemukan bahwa faktor kompetensi yang memiliki pengaruh atau kontribusi yang dominan terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Kantor Kesyahbandaran Utama Makassar.