bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatio‐temporal patterns of ichthyoplankton in southern Chilean Patagonia: β‐diversity and associated environmental factors
Authors: Landaeta Mauricio F. , Paredes Lissette D. , Castillo Manuel I. , González M. Teresa
Published: March 2023

Fjords play an important role in biological productivity worldwide but are vulnerable to climate/anthropogenic effects. Chilean Patagonia (41°S–55°S) is one of the largest fjord ecosystems in the world, characterized by a complex geography with highly heterogeneous hydrographic conditions and a permanent input from oceanic water mass, both of which influence the ichthyoplankton distributional patterns. In this study, we analysed the distributional patterns of ichthyoplankton and its diversity during austral spring from 1996, 2009 and 2019 in the southern Chilean fjords (47°S–54°S). The area shows important latitudinal gradients of sea surface temperature (from 15°C to 5°C), fjord‐ocean variability in salinity (from 23 to 33) and water column temperature (3°C to 9°C). Spatial (but not temporal) variations in the composition and abundance of ichthyoplankton were recorded, caused mainly by differences in the abundance of larval Sprattus fuegensis, Maurolicus australis and Sebastes oculatus. Richness was higher on continental shelf and the lowest nearby fjord's head and ice fields. At the spatial scale, β‐diversity showed an increased species replacement (turnover) across areas, suggesting an important role of environmental conditions (e.g., salinity and water stratification) on the larval fish structure in this region. Ordination analysis indicates that changes in salinity and temperature, caused by ice melting, is the main environmental factor influencing the abundance of larval Thysanopsetta naresi (1996), Cataetyx messieri (2009) and Bathylagichthys parini (2019). Finally, this study highlights the importance of the conservation and protection of the Chilean Patagonia and monitoring ichthyoplankton communities, which are vital biomarkers of ecosystem health.
Enhanced Li‐ion conductivity of strontium doped Li‐excess garnet‐type Li7+xLa3‐xSrxZr2O12
Authors: Kaneko Masahide , Ninomiya Kakeru , Hishida Tomoko , Takeuchi Yuki , Otani Kazushi , Nishibori Maiko
Published: March 2023

The mechanism underlying the enhancement of the conductivity of Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO), an oxide‐based solid electrolyte that contains excess Li, was experimentally investigated through subvalent cation substitution. We prepared Sr‐substituted Li‐rich LLZO with high conductivity of the order of 10−4 S/cm by using a solid‐state method. We investigated the mechanism underlying the conductivity enhancement via detailed structural analysis through Sr K‐edge X‐ray absorption near edge spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction and neutron powder diffraction analyses. The results suggested that the conductivity enhancement is due to the change in Li+ arrangement caused by the incorporation of excess Li into the LLZO lattice.
Single‐cell transcriptomic analysis of oral masticatory and lining mucosa‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: Pinkhasov Ilan , Kabakov Liron , Nemcovsky Carlos E. , Weinreb Miron , Schlesinger Pnina , Bender Omer , Gal Maayan , Bar Daniel Z. , Weinberg Evgeny
Published: March 2023

Aim

To reveal the heterogeneity of ex vivo‐cultured human mesenchymal stromal cells derived from either masticatory or lining oral mucosa.

Materials and Methods

Cells were retrieved from the lamina propria of the hard palate and alveolar mucosa of three individuals. The analysis of transcriptomic‐level differences was accomplished using single‐cell RNA sequencing.

Results

Cluster analysis clearly distinguished between cells from the masticatory and lining oral mucosa, and revealed 11 distinct cell sub‐populations, annotated as fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells or mesenchymal stem cells. Interestingly, cells presenting a mesenchymal stem cell‐like gene expression pattern were predominantly found in masticatory mucosa. Although cells of masticatory mucosa origin were highly enriched for biological processes associated with wound healing, those from the lining oral mucosa were highly enriched for biological processes associated with the regulation of epithelial cells.

Conclusions

Our previous work had shown that cells from the lining and masticatory oral mucosae are phenotypically heterogeneous. Here, we extend these findings to show that these changes are not the result of differences in averages but rather represent two distinct cell populations, with mesenchymal stem cells more common in masticatory mucosa. These features may contribute to specific physiological functions and have relevance for potential therapeutic interventions.
The restriction of calcium influx in metaphase and post‐metaphase stages of cell division revealed by imaging secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS)
Authors: Chandra Subhash
Published: March 2023

A secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS)‐based isotopic imaging technique of ion microscopy was used for observing calcium influx in single renal epithelial LLC‐PK1 cells. The CAMECA IMS‐3f SIMS instrument, used in the study, is capable of producing isotopic images of single cells at 500 nm spatial resolution. Due to the high‐vacuum requirements of the instrument the cells were prepared cryogenically with a freeze‐fracture method and frozen freeze‐dried cells were used for SIMS analysis. The influx of calcium was imaged directly by exposure of cells to 44Ca stable isotope in the extracellular buffer for 10 min. The 44Ca influx was measured at mass 44 and the distribution of endogenous calcium at mass 40 (40Ca) in the same cell. A direct comparison of interphase cells to cells undergoing division revealed that calcium influx is restricted in metaphase and post‐metaphase stages of cell division. This restriction is lifted in late cytokinesis. The net influx of 44Ca in 10 min was approximately half under calcium influx restriction in comparison to interphase cells. Under calcium influx restriction the 44Ca concentration was the same between the mitotic chromosome and the cytoplasm. These observations indicate that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium uptake is compromised under calcium influx restriction in cells undergoing division.
Later school start time is associated with longer school day sleep duration and less social jetlag among Norwegian high school students: Results from a large‐scale, cross‐sectional study
Authors: Evanger Linn Nyjordet , Bjorvatn Bjørn , Pallesen Ståle , Hysing Mari , Sivertsen Børge , Saxvig Ingvild West
Published: March 2023

The present study explored the associations between school start time and sleep habits among older adolescents, and whether these associations depended on circadian preference. The sample comprised 4010 high school students aged 16–17 years who completed a web‐based survey on habitual school start time, sleep, and health. The survey included the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire, and the short version of the Horne–Östberg Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire. Students were categorised according to habitual school start time (before 08:00 hours, 08:00 hours, 08:15 hours, 08:30 hours or after 08:30 hours) and circadian preference (morning, intermediate or evening). Data were analysed using two‐way analyses of variance (school start time × circadian preference) and linear regression analyses. Results showed an overall effect of school start time on school day sleep duration (main effect, p < 0.001), with the latest school starters having the longest, and the earliest school starters having the shortest sleep duration (7:03 hr versus 6:16 hr; Tukey HSD p < 0.001). Similarly, later school starters generally reported shorter social jetlag and later school day wake‐up times than earlier starting students (both main effect p < 0.001). Circadian preference did not modify these associations (interaction effects p > 0.05). In the crude regression analysis, 15 min later school start was associated with 7.2 min more sleep (p < 0.001). School start time remained a significant predictor of school day sleep duration when adjusted for sex, parental educational level and circadian preference (p < 0.001). Results suggest that school start time is a significant predictor of school day sleep duration among adolescents.
Three‐dimensional electro‐anatomical mapping and radiofrequency ablation as a novel treatment for atrioventricular accessory pathway in a horse: A case report
Authors: Buschmann Eva , Van Steenkiste Glenn , Boussy Tim , Vernemmen Ingrid , Schauvliege Stijn , Decloedt Annelies , van Loon Gunther
Published: March 2023

We describe the diagnosis and treatment of an atrioventricular accessory pathway (AP) in a horse using 3‐dimensional electro‐anatomical mapping (3D EAM) and radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA). During routine evaluation of the horse, intermittent ventricular pre‐excitation was identified on the ECG, characterized by a short PQ interval and abnormal QRS morphology. A right cranial location of the AP was suspected from the 12‐lead ECG and vectorcardiography. After precise localization of the AP using 3D EAM, ablation was performed and AP conduction was eliminated. Immediately after recovery from anesthesia an occasional pre‐excited complex still was observed, but a 24‐hour ECG and an ECG during exercise 1 and 6 weeks after the procedure showed complete disappearance of pre‐excitation. This case shows the feasibility of 3D EAM and RFCA to identify and treat an AP in horses.
A longitudinal study on fluconazole resistance in Candida albicans vaginal isolates
Authors: Sobel Jack D. , Sebastian Sreya , Boikov Dina A.
Published: March 2023

Background

Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC), despite its worldwide prevalence, has limited treatment options; and a long‐term prophylactic regimen utilising fluconazole is the dominant choice.

Objectives

An increase in fluconazole resistance is reported, and little information is available about the reversibility of resistance status following the withdrawal of fluconazole.

Methods

Repeated antifungal susceptibility tests (ASTs) for fluconazole at a median interval of 3 months between them were evaluated in women with refractory or recurrent VVC patients at the Vaginitis clinic from 2012 to 2021 (10 years) and performed at pH 7 and pH 4.5 using the broth microdilution tests based on the CLSI M27‐A4 reference method.

Results

Of 38 patients with long‐term follow‐up with repeat ASTs, 13 patients (13/38, 34.2%) tested at pH 7.0 remained susceptible to fluconazole with MIC ≤2 μg/mL. Nineteen patients (19/38, 50%) remained resistant to fluconazole with MIC ≥8 μg/mL, whereas four (4/38, 10.5%) changed from susceptible to resistant and two (2/38, 5.2%) changed from resistant to susceptible over time. At pH 4.5, among the 37 patients with repeated MIC values, nine (9/37, 24.3%) remained susceptible to fluconazole and 22 (22/37, 59.5%) remained resistant. Three isolates (3/37, 8.1%) changed from susceptible to resistant, while 3 (3/37, 8.1%) changed from resistant to susceptible over time.

Conclusion

Fluconazole susceptibility in Candida albicans vaginal isolates obtained longitudinally in women with RVVC remains stable with rare reversal of resistance despite azole avoidance.
Activity‐based proteomics uncovers suppressed hydrolases and a neo‐functionalised antibacterial enzyme at the plant–pathogen interface
Authors: Sueldo Daniela J. , Godson Alice , Kaschani Farnusch , Krahn Daniel , Kessenbrock Till , Buscaill Pierre , Schofield Christopher J. , Kaiser Markus , van der Hoorn Renier A. L.
Published: March 2023

The extracellular space of plant tissues contains hundreds of hydrolases that might harm colonising microbes. Successful pathogens may suppress these hydrolases to enable disease. Here, we report the dynamics of extracellular hydrolases in Nicotiana benthamiana upon infection with Pseudomonas syringae.

Using activity‐based proteomics with a cocktail of biotinylated probes, we simultaneously monitored 171 active hydrolases, including 109 serine hydrolases (SHs), 49 glycosidases (GHs) and 13 cysteine proteases (CPs).

The activity of 82 of these hydrolases (mostly SHs) increases during infection, while the activity of 60 hydrolases (mostly GHs and CPs) is suppressed during infection. Active β‐galactosidase‐1 (BGAL1) is amongst the suppressed hydrolases, consistent with production of the BGAL1 inhibitor by P. syringae. One of the other suppressed hydrolases, the pathogenesis‐related NbPR3, decreases bacterial growth when transiently overexpressed. This is dependent on its active site, revealing a role for NbPR3 activity in antibacterial immunity. Despite being annotated as a chitinase, NbPR3 does not possess chitinase activity and contains an E112Q active site substitution that is essential for antibacterial activity and is present only in Nicotiana species.

This study introduces a powerful approach to reveal novel components of extracellular immunity, exemplified by the discovery of the suppression of neo‐functionalised Nicotiana‐specific antibacterial NbPR3.
Poverty, ACEs and stigmatised places: The application of psychology to the challenges of disadvantage
Authors: Corcoran Rhiannon
Published: March 2023

Background

Our life circumstances present continual challenges to our mental health and well‐being. For most of us, the politics of economy and society determine our prospects of living a good life. The fact that the ability to control and change things that happen to us is largely vested in the power of remote others has inevitable, mostly negative consequences.

Method

The following opinion piece illustrates the challenge our discipline faces in locating a complimentary contribution alongside those of public health, sociology and other sister disciplines with particular reference to the intractable concerns of poverty, ACES and stigmatised places.

Findings

The piece presents an examination of what psychology as a discipline can do in the context of adversity and challenges that individuals face but over which they have little sense of control. The discipline of psychology needs to play a meaningful part in understanding and addressing the impacts of societal matters, moving from a dominant position of individualised understandings of distress to embrace more fully the context in which people are expected to feel good and function well.

Conclusion

Community psychology offers a useful, established philosophy from which to advance our practices. However, a more sophisticated, discipline‐wide narrative and grounded understanding that empathically represents real lives and captures individual functioning within a complex and distant societal system is urgently required.
Royal epistolary courtship in Latin? Arthur Tudor's “love letter” to Katherine of Aragon at the Archivo General de Simancas and Francesco Negri's Ars Epistolandi☆
Authors: Janssen K. P. S. , van Pelt Nadia T.
Published: March 2023

The Archivo General de Simancas in Valladolid has preserved a letter attributed to Arthur Tudor, categorized as ‘declarándole su ardiente pasión amorosa’ [declaring his ardent loving passion]. Its recipient has been thought to be Katherine of Aragon. The lack of scholarly interest in this letter is remarkable, but may be caused by its having been calendared in the nineteenth century as written by Perkin Warbeck. In what follows we unlock the mystery of the AGS letter by returning to its original Latin. We reveal that it very closely follows an exemplum from Francesco Negri's educational bestseller Ars Epistolandi, first published in 1488. Interestingly, Negri used the exemplum to show readers how not to write a letter, and categorized it as ‘turpis’, or, ‘lewd’. We present here an edition with a translation of both the AGS letter and Negri's sample. Our evidence suggests that ‘Arthur's letter’ is not a declaration of love to send to a recipient, but a school exercise in line with Humanist training. As such, it may not provide a window to Arthur's passionate nature, but it does offer important insights into educational practices in the context of the Tudor court towards the end of the 15th century.
Weighted Bayesian network for the classification of unbalanced food safety data: Case study of risk‐based monitoring of heavy metals
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Bouzembrak Yamine , Oude Lansink A. G. J. M. , van der Fels‐Klerx H. J.
Published: March 2023

Historical data on food safety monitoring often serve as an information source in designing monitoring plans. However, such data are often unbalanced: a small fraction of the dataset refers to food safety hazards that are present in high concentrations (representing commodity batches with a high risk of being contaminated, the positives) and a high fraction of the dataset refers to food safety hazards that are present in low concentrations (representing commodity batches with a low risk of being contaminated, the negatives). Such unbalanced datasets complicate modeling to predict the probability of contamination of commodity batches. This study proposes a weighted Bayesian network (WBN) classifier to improve the model prediction accuracy for the presence of food and feed safety hazards using unbalanced monitoring data, specifically for the presence of heavy metals in feed. Applying different weight values resulted in different classification accuracies for each involved class; the optimal weight value was defined as the value that yielded the most effective monitoring plan, that is, identifying the highest percentage of contaminated feed batches. Results showed that the Bayesian network classifier resulted in a large difference between the classification accuracy of positive samples (20%) and negative samples (99%). With the WBN approach, the classification accuracy of positive samples and negative samples were both around 80%, and the monitoring effectiveness increased from 31% to 80% for pre‐set sample size of 3000. Results of this study can be used to improve the effectiveness of monitoring various food safety hazards in food and feed.
Social investment, labour market participation and public debt sustainability: An empirical analysis of European countries
Authors: Ciarini Andrea , Franconi Alessandro , Villa Anna
Published: March 2023

This article explores the role of SI Stock, Flow and Buffer policies by shedding light on their relationships with active labour market participation and public debt sustainability for a panel of 22 European countries from 1997 to 2018. We find SI Stock, Flow and Buffer to be positively correlated with labour market participation and more sustainable public debt. When disaggregating the components of SI, we detect a small degree of heterogeneity, with Active Labour Market Policies (ALMPs) negatively associated with the activity rate and positively associated with the employment rate. This result is coherent with the idea that ALMPs make a significant contribution to increasing opportunities for those already in the labour market rather than creating new jobs for those excluded from the labour market, that is, inactive individuals. In this case, our findings indicate that measures to fight social exclusion and out‐of‐work expenditure (Buffer), as well as in‐kind family benefits, are significantly associated with employability for those excluded from the labour market.
Study about evaluation of efficacy of methotrexate in localized scleroderma using ultrasonography
Authors: Zhang Fan , Li Jianke , Zhao Qing , Liu Hong , Zhang Furen
Published: March 2023

Background

The treatment and curative effect evaluation of localized scleroderma (LS) still perplexes many clinical workers.

Purpose

To investigate the efficiacy of methotrexate in the treatment of LS by the evaluation of ultrasonography.

Methods

A prospective study enrolled 10 patients treated with MTX for at least 6 months was conducted. Treatment outcome was evaluated by a clinical score and 15‐MHz ultrasonography. Safety assessment included the monitoring of adverse drug reactions and clinical laboratory examinations.

Results

Eight of the 10 patients achieved clinical remission only with MTX. One patient was relieved after MTX combined with corticosteroids, while another one does not improve after the treatment of mycophenolate mofetil and corticosteroids. The effective rate of MTX is 80%. Nine patients were significantly improved with a decrease of the Localized Scleroderma Cutaneous Assessment Tool (the mean score of the LoSCAT cutaneous activity dropped from 5.2 to 1.0, p < 0.001, the mean score of the LS cutaneous damage dropped from 4.3 to 2.3, p = 0.002). The average difference of thickness between skin lesions and normal skin evaluated by ultrasonography decreased from 0.13 cm to 0.04 cm (p = 0.009) in eight patients. No serious adverse reactions occurred.

Conclusion

Methotrexate is a safe and effective treatment for patients with LS. Ultrasonography can be considered as an efficient assessment tool for evaluation LS.
Phage therapy in a lung transplant recipient with cystic fibrosis infected with multidrug‐resistant Burkholderia multivorans
Authors: Haidar Ghady , Chan Benjamin K. , Cho Shu‐Ting , Hughes Kramer Kailey , Nordstrom Hayley R. , Wallace Nathan R. , Stellfox Madison E. , Holland Mische , Kline Ellen G. , Kozar Jennifer M. , Kilaru Silpa D. , Pilewski Joseph M. , LiPuma John J. , Cooper Vaughn S. , Shields Ryan K. , Van Tyne Daria
Published: March 2023

Background

There is increased interest in bacteriophage (phage) therapy to treat infections caused by antibiotic‐resistant bacteria. A lung transplant recipient with cystic fibrosis and Burkholderia multivorans infection was treated with inhaled phage therapy for 7 days before she died.

Methods

Phages were given via nebulization through the mechanical ventilation circuit. Remnant respiratory specimens and serum were collected. We quantified phage and bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and tested phage neutralization in the presence of patient serum. We performed whole genome sequencing and antibiotic and phage susceptibility testing on 15 B. multivorans isolates. Finally, we extracted lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from two isolates and visualized their LPS using gel electrophoresis.

Results

Phage therapy was temporally followed by a temporary improvement in leukocytosis and hemodynamics, followed by worsening leukocytosis on day 5, deterioration on day 7, and death on day 8. We detected phage DNA in respiratory samples after 6 days of nebulized phage therapy. Bacterial DNA in respiratory samples decreased over time, and no serum neutralization was detected. Isolates collected between 2001 and 2020 were closely related but differed in their antibiotic and phage susceptibility profiles. Early isolates were not susceptible to the phage used for therapy, while later isolates, including two isolates collected during phage therapy, were susceptible. Susceptibility to the phage used for therapy was correlated with differences in O‐antigen profiles of an early versus a late isolate.

Conclusions

This case of clinical failure of nebulized phage therapy highlights the limitations, unknowns, and challenges of phage therapy for resistant infections.

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COVID‐19 convalescent plasma donors: Unique motivations in unique times?
Authors: Crowder Lauren A. , Steele Whitney R. , Goodhue Erin , Lasky Baia , Young Pampee P.
Published: March 2023

Background

Early in the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic, many blood collection organizations (BCOs) were asked to collect and distribute COVID‐19 convalescent plasma (CCP) as a potential treatment for this new virus and resulting disease. However, recruiting CCP donors presented unique challenges for BCOs, as there were few recovered patients at this time, and like the general population, most potential CCP donors had no blood donation experience. Thus, many CCP donors were new donors, and their donation motivations were unknown.

Materials and Methods

Donors who gave CCP at least once between April 27th and September 15th, 2020, were emailed a link to an online survey regarding their experience with COVID‐19 and their motivations for donating CCP and blood.

Results

Of the 14,225 invitations sent, 3471 donors responded (24.4%). Most donors had never donated blood before (n = 1406), followed by lapsed donors (n = 1050), and recent donors (n = 951). There was a significant relationship between self‐reported donation experience and fear of CCP donation (X2 = 119.2, p < .001). Motivations ranked “very important” by responding donors were wanting to help someone in need, a feeling of responsibility, and feeling a duty to donate. Donors with more severe disease were more likely to respond with feelings of a sense of duty to donate CCP (Χ2 = 8.078, p = .044) or altruism (Χ2 = 8.580, p = .035).

Conclusions

Overwhelmingly, altruism and a sense of duty and responsibility were the reasons that CCP donors decided to donate. These insights can be useful for motivating donors for specialized donation programs or if wide scale CCP recruitment is needed in the future.
Successful treatment with plasma exchange in life‐threatening hyperhemolytic syndrome unrelated to sickle cell disease
Authors: Shaulov Adir , Rund Deborah , Filon Dvora , Nachmias Boaz , Khalili Aliaa , Manny Noga , Zelig Orly
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Hyperhemolytic syndrome (HHS) is a severe form of delayed transfusion reaction primarily described in sickle cell anemia patients which is characterized by a hemoglobin decrease to pre‐transfusion levels or lower, often with reticulocytopenia and no evidence of auto‐ or allo‐antibodies.

Case Presentation

We present two cases of severe HHS in patients without sickle cell anemia refractory to treatment with steroids, immunoglobulins, and rituximab. In one case, temporary relief was achieved with eculizumab. In both cases, plasma exchange resulted in a profound and immediate response allowing for splenectomy and resolution of hemolysis.

Discussion/Conclusion

We discuss the pathophysiology of HHS, its presentation and treatment and expand on the possible role of plasma exchange in this setting.
Liderazgo universitario: un análisis cualitativo del estilo de liderazgo de rectores
Authors: Badillo-Vega Rosalba
Published: March 2023

Para mejorar la comprensión sobre la dirección de las universidades, el presente estudio analiza el estilo de liderazgo de los rectores, tomando en cuenta factores individuales, características organizacionales y características de la sociedad en la cual están inmersas.El análisis cualitativo se realizó con rectores de universidades mexicanas. Los resultados demostraron que, debido a la naturaleza ecléctica de la universidad, los numerosos objetivos, el perfil altamente profesionalizado de sus miembros, la creciente complejidad de la organización y el entorno y las incertidumbres resultantes, los rectores combinan estrategias de liderazgo transformacional y transaccional, y solo adquieren un rol pasivo en situaciones específicas.
High quality factor silicon nitride nanomechanical resonators fabricated by maskless femtosecond laser micromachining
Authors: Nikbakht Roghayeh , Xie Xitong , Weck Arnaud , St-Gelais Raphael
Published: March 2023

Freestanding silicon nitride (SiN) devices are central to the field of nanomechanical resonators and other technology applications such as transmission electron imaging and nanopore bioassays. Nanofabrication techniques used for fabricating these devices often lack flexibility. While photolithography requires printing of an expensive photomask for each new design iteration, electron beam lithography is slow and commands high equipment cost. Here, we demonstrate maskless rapid prototyping of freestanding SiN nanomechanical resonators fabricated by femtosecond laser ablation of a plain SiN membrane in ambient air. We fabricate microbeams with different widths from 7 to 100 μm, and we characterize their resonance frequency and mechanical quality (Q) factors. We find that membrane cracking can be avoided during fabrication by carefully engineering the etch pattern, and that laser etching has a negligible effect on built-in tensile stress. For each beam, Q-factors are measured for several eigenmodes and are found to remain high after laser etching. All beams show quality factors greater than 105, while unetched plain membranes have Q > 106. Possible causes for Q-factor reduction are identified, along with future process improvement directions.
On the Reproducibility of Power Analyses in Motor Behavior Research
Authors: McKay Brad , Bacelar Mariane F.B. , Carter Michael J.
Published: March 2023

Recent metascience suggests that motor behavior research may be underpowered, on average. Researchers can perform a priori power analyses to ensure adequately powered studies. However, there are common pitfalls that can result in underestimating the required sample size for a given design and effect size of interest. Critical evaluation of power analyses requires successful analysis reproduction, which is conditional on the reporting of sufficient information. Here, we attempted to reproduce every power analysis reported in articles (k = 84/635) in three motor behavior journals between January 2019 and June 2021. We reproduced 7% of analyses using the reported information, which increased to 43% when we assumed plausible values for missing parameters. Among studies that reported sufficient information to evaluate, 63% reported using the same statistical test in the power analysis as in the study itself, and in 77%, the test addressed at least one of the identified hypotheses. Overall, power analyses were not commonly reported with sufficient information to ensure reproducibility. A nontrivial number of power analyses were also affected by common pitfalls. There is substantial opportunity to address the issue of underpowered research in motor behavior by increasing adoption of power analyses and ensuring reproducible reporting practices.
The Effect of Primary School-Based Physical Education Programs: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Rico-González Markel
Published: March 2023

The present article aimed to systematically summarize primary school-based intervention programs and their effects evaluated through randomized-controlled trial design. A systematic review of relevant articles was carried out using 4 electronic databases. From a total of 193 studies initially found, 30 were included in the qualitative synthesis. Main results: (1) Intensive interval training or jump/strength exercises may positively influence physical fitness, promoting challenging task, psychological needs, and guided styles to a greater extent; (2) Games that demand more cognitive function seem more beneficial than those based on repetitive aerobic exertion to improve fundamental motor skills; (3) The jumping/strength exercises may cause benefits in bone area and bone mineral density, while flexibility and balance may reduce the risk of muscle injury; and (4) Programming a greater dose of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity seems to be related to positive effects in core executive function and academic performance. Additionally, providing information and involving the social environment may enhance the positive effects.
Predicting food crises using news streams
Authors: Balashankar Ananth , Subramanian Lakshminarayanan , Fraiberger Samuel P.
Published: March 2023

Anticipating food crisis outbreaks is crucial to efficiently allocate emergency relief and reduce human suffering. However, existing predictive models rely on risk measures that are often delayed, outdated, or incomplete. Using the text of 11.2 million news articles focused on food-insecure countries and published between 1980 and 2020, we leverage recent advances in deep learning to extract high-frequency precursors to food crises that are both interpretable and validated by traditional risk indicators. We demonstrate that over the period from July 2009 to July 2020 and across 21 food-insecure countries, news indicators substantially improve the district-level predictions of food insecurity up to 12 months ahead relative to baseline models that do not include text information. These results could have profound implications on how humanitarian aid gets allocated and open previously unexplored avenues for machine learning to improve decision-making in data-scarce environments.
The social media context interferes with truth discernment
Authors: Epstein Ziv , Sirlin Nathaniel , Arechar Antonio , Pennycook Gordon , Rand David
Published: March 2023

There is widespread concern about misinformation circulating on social media. In particular, many argue that the context of social media itself may make people susceptible to the influence of false claims. Here, we test that claim by asking whether simply considering sharing news on social media reduces the extent to which people discriminate truth from falsehood when judging accuracy. In a large online experiment examining coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and political news (
N
 = 3157 Americans), we find support for this possibility. When judging the accuracy of headlines, participants were worse at discerning truth from falsehood if they both evaluated accuracy and indicated their sharing intentions, compared to just evaluating accuracy. These results suggest that people may be particularly vulnerable to believing false claims on social media, given that sharing is a core element of what makes social media “social.”
First bioanthropological evidence for Yamnaya horsemanship
Authors: Trautmann Martin , Frînculeasa Alin , Preda-Bălănică Bianca , Petruneac Marta , Focşǎneanu Marin , Alexandrov Stefan , Atanassova Nadezhda , Włodarczak Piotr , Podsiadło Michał , Dani János , Bereczki Zsolt , Hajdu Tamás , Băjenaru Radu , Ioniță Adrian , Măgureanu Andrei , Măgureanu Despina , Popescu Anca-Diana , Sârbu Dorin , Vasile Gabriel , Anthony David , Heyd Volker
Published: March 2023

The origins of horseback riding remain elusive. Scientific studies show that horses were kept for their milk ~3500 to 3000 BCE, widely accepted as indicating domestication. However, this does not confirm them to be ridden. Equipment used by early riders is rarely preserved, and the reliability of equine dental and mandibular pathologies remains contested. However, horsemanship has two interacting components: the horse as mount and the human as rider. Alterations associated with riding in human skeletons therefore possibly provide the best source of information. Here, we report five Yamnaya individuals well-dated to 3021 to 2501 calibrated BCE from kurgans in Romania, Bulgaria, and Hungary, displaying changes in bone morphology and distinct pathologies associated with horseback riding. These are the oldest humans identified as riders so far.
Fc glycoengineering of a PD-L1 antibody harnesses Fcγ receptors for increased antitumor efficacy
Authors: Cohen Saban Noy , Yalin Adam , Landsberger Tomer , Salomon Ran , Alva Ajjai , Feferman Tali , Amit Ido , Dahan Rony
Published: March 2023

FDA-approved anti–PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) bear the IgG1 isotype, whose scaffolds are either wild-type (e.g., avelumab) or Fc-mutated and lacking Fcγ receptor (FcγR) engagement (e.g., atezolizumab). It is unknown whether variation in the ability of the IgG1 Fc region to engage FcγRs renders mAbs with superior therapeutic activity. In this study, we used humanized FcγR mice to study the contribution of FcγR signaling to the antitumor activity of human anti–PD-L1 mAbs and to identify an optimal human IgG scaffold for PD-L1 mAbs. We observed similar antitumor efficacy and comparable tumor immune responses in mice treated with anti–PD-L1 mAbs with wild-type and Fc-mutated IgG scaffolds. However, in vivo antitumor activity of the wild-type anti–PD-L1 mAb avelumab was enhanced by combination treatment with an FcγRIIB-blocking antibody, which was co-administered to overcome the suppressor function of FcγRIIB in the tumor microenvironment (TME). We performed Fc glycoengineering to remove the fucose subunit from the Fc-attached glycan of avelumab to enhance its binding to the activating FcγRIIIA. Treatment with the Fc-afucosylated version of avelumab also enhanced antitumor activity and induced stronger antitumor immune responses compared with the parental IgG. The enhanced effect by afucosylated PD-L1 antibody was dependent on neutrophils and associated with decreased frequencies of PD-L1
+
myeloid cells and increased infiltration of T cells in the TME. Our data reveal that the current design of FDA-approved anti–PD-L1 mAbs does not optimally harness FcγR pathways and suggest two strategies to enhance FcγR engagement to optimize anti–PD-L1 immunotherapy.
Don’t FRET—Antigens in the follicle are protected from degradation
Authors: Lee Yujin , Siniscalco Emily R. , Kraft Magdalena , Eisenbarth Stephanie C.
Published: March 2023

Low protease activity in the FDC network is crucial for intact antigen retention and has translational potential for more effective vaccination strategies.
Plasmablasts from the past: Nostalgic B cells can’t let go
Authors: Ohashi Sarah N. , O’Connor Kevin C.
Published: March 2023

An approach for identifying antibodies derived from distinct B cell populations demonstrates how secondary immunization responses are dominated by mature B cells generated during primary responses.
Circulating leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 and fibroblast growth factor 21 are negatively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy volunteers
Authors: Malaikah Sundus , Willis Scott A. , Henson Joseph , Sargeant Jack A. , Yates Thomas , Thackray Alice E. , Goltz Fernanda R. , Roberts Matthew J. , Bernard-Deshong Danielle , Aithal Guruprasad P. , Stensel David J. , King James A.
Published: March 2023

Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2 (LECT2) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) are hepatokines that are regulated by energy balance and mediate insulin sensitivity and glycaemic control. This cross-sectional study examined the independent associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA), and sedentary time with circulating LECT2 and FGF21. Data were combined from two previous experimental studies in healthy volunteers ( n = 141, male = 60%, mean ± SD age = 37 ± 19 years, body mass index (BMI) = 26.1 ± 6.3 kg·m−2). Sedentary time and MVPA were measured via an ActiGraph GT3X + accelerometer, while magnetic resonance imaging quantified liver fat. CRF was assessed using incremental treadmill tests. Generalized-linear models examined the association of CRF, sedentary time, and MVPA with LECT2 and FGF21 while controlling for key demographic and anthropometric variables. Interaction terms explored the moderating influence of age, sex, BMI, and CRF. In the fully adjusted models, each SD increase in CRF was independently associated with a 24% (95% CI: −37% to −9%, P = 0.003) lower plasma LECT2 concentration and 53% lower FGF21 concentration (95% CI: −73% to −22%, P = 0.004). Each SD increase in MVPA was independently associated with 55% higher FGF21 (95% CI: 12% to 114%, P = 0.006), and this relationship was stronger in those with lower BMI and higher levels of CRF. These findings demonstrate that CRF and wider activity behaviours may independently modulate the circulating concentrations of hepatokines and thereby influence inter-organ cross-talk.
Anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and vasorelaxant effects of a new pyrazole compound 5-(1-(2-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-tetrazole: role of NO/cGMP pathway and calcium channels
Authors: de Oliveira Lanussy P. , Florentino Iziara F. , Silva Daiany P.B. , Pazini Francine , de Carvalho Flávio S. , Sanz Germán , Vaz Boniek G. , da Rocha Fábio F. , Fajemiroye James O. , Ghedini Paulo C. , Lião Luciano M. , Menegatti Ricardo , Costa Elson A. , de Oliveira Thiago S.
Published: March 2023

Molecular modification of compounds remains important strategy towards the discovery of new drugs. In this sense, this study presents a new pyrazole derivative 5-(1-(2-fluorophenyl)-1 H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1 H-tetrazole (LQFM039) and evaluated the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and vasorelaxant effects of this compound as well the mechanisms of action involved in the pharmacological effects. For this, mice were orally treated with LQFM039 (17.5, 35, or 70 mg/kg) prior acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing, formalin, tail flick, and carrageenan-induced paw edema protocols. In addition, vascular reactivity protocols were made with aortic rings contraction with phenylephrine and stimulated with graded concentrations of LQFM039. Abdominal writhing and licking time in both neurogenic and inflammatory phases of formalin were reduced with LQFM039 without altering latency to nociceptive response in the tail flick test. Carrageenan-induced paw edema showed that LQFM039 reduces edema and cell migration. In addition, the mechanism of action of LQFM039 involves NO/cGMP pathway and calcium channels, since this new pyrazole derivate elicited concentration-dependent relaxation attenuated by Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester and 1 H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo [4,3-alpha]quinoxalin-1-one, and blockade of CaCl2-induced contraction. Altogether, our finding suggests anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and vasorelaxant effect of this new pyrazole derivative with involvement of NO/cGMP pathway and calcium channels.
Theoretical study on bio-convection of micropolar fluid with an exploration of Cattaneo–Christov heat flux theory
Authors: Saraswathy M. , Prakash D. , Muthtamilselvan M. , Al-Mdallal Qasem M.
Published: March 2023

This research explores the heat transfer rate for micropolar fluid in a channel flow. In spite of formal Fourier’s law, the Cattaneo–Christov heat flux design is implemented in energy system. Using appropriate dimensionless parameters, the guiding coupled partial differential equations that represent the fluid flow are modified into ordinary differential equations. By executing Runge–Kutta integration procedure and the shooting method, the numerical results are achieved. The impacts of thermal relaxation time and bio-convection flow of micropolar fluid are examined in this assessment. Graphical analyses are used to assess the effects of physical factors for the momentum, micro-rotation, concentration, density of micro-organisms and temperature gradient. The skin friction values, motile density number, heat and mass transfer rate are the fascinating physical quantities whose numerical data are computed and validated against different parametric values. The variational iteration method (VIM) and Adomian decomposition method are the analytical modules which have been incorporated here for solving the nonlinear systems for showing better approximity. It is found from the study that larger the thermal relaxation time values, the more likely they are to increase heat transfer, hence lowering the fluid temperature. Moreover, both Fourier and Cattaneo–Christov heat conduction module exhibit qualitatively similar influence on embedded parameters also the temperature profile diminishes for larger values of [Formula: see text]. The culminations evidently disclose that the bio-convection Peclet number and the motile microbes parameter enhance the density of motile micro-organisms. From a computational perspective, the VIM is more effective, practical and ease of use. The numerical and analytical results are compared well with the existing articles. The optimum parameter level for maximum heat transfer is considered to be [Formula: see text]. Taguchi approach was successfully used to determine the optimum design parameters for maximum heat transfer is 1.724012 for the parameters A-5:B-5:C-0.5:D-0.5:E-0.7.
Triceps Split and Snip Approach for Distal Humerus Fractures
Authors: ERICKSON John , POON Peter , BARRETT Matthew , CHATINDIARAH Idah , ALBERS Christiaan
Published: March 2023

Background: The senior author adopted a Triceps Split and Snip approach in 2011. This paper details the results of patients for whom this approach was utilised for open reduction and internal fixation of complex AO type C distal humerus fractures.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of a single surgeon’s cases was conducted. Range of movement, as well as Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), and QuickDASH scores were evaluated. Two independent consultants with upper extremity practises evaluated pre- and post-operative radiographs.

Results: Seven patients were available for clinical review. The mean age at the time of surgery was 47.7 years (range, 20.3–83.2) and the mean follow-up time was 3.6 years (range, 0.58–8). The average QuickDASH score was 15.85 (range, 0–52.3), average MEPS was 86.88 (range, 60–100) and average total arc of movement (TAM) was 103° (range, 70°–145°). All patients demonstrated 5/5 MRC triceps strength compared to the contralateral side.

Conclusions: The Triceps Split and Snip approach for complex distal humerus fractures provided comparable mid-term clinical outcomes when compared to other published data regarding distal humerus fractures. It is versatile and does not compromise the intra-operative option of conversion to a total elbow arthroplasty.

Level of Evidence: Level IV (Therapeutic)
Intramedullary Headless Screw Fixation for Metacarpal Fractures – Technical Tips
Authors: BHASHYAM Abhiram R. , MUDGAL Chaitanya
Published: March 2023

Metacarpal fractures are a common injury in the hand. When surgical intervention is indicated, there are multiple approaches and techniques of fixation. Intramedullary fixation has become an increasingly versatile method of fixation. The limited dissection needed for its insertion, rotational stability provided by the isthmic fit and lack of requisite hardware removal are improvements over conventional K-wire or plate fixation techniques. Multiple outcome studies have confirmed its safety and effectiveness. In this technical note, we provide some tips that can help surgeons considering intramedullary headless screw fixation of metacarpal fractures.

Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Sequential and Swap Mechanisms for Public Housing Allocation with Quotas and Neighbourhood-based Utilities
Authors: Gross–Humbert Nathanaël , Benabbou Nawal , Beynier Aurélie , Maudet Nicolas
Published: March 2023

We consider the problem of allocating indivisible items to agents where both agents and items are partitioned into disjoint groups. Following previous works on public housing allocation, each item (or house) belongs to a block (or building) and each agent is assigned a type (e.g., ethnicity group). The allocation problem consists in assigning at most one item to each agent in a
good
way while respecting diversity constraints. Based on Schelling’s seminal work, we introduce a generic individual utility function where the welfare of an agent not only relies on her preferences over the items but also takes into account the fraction of agents of her own type in her own block. In this context, we investigate the issue of stability, understood here as the absence of mutually improving swaps, and we define the cost of requiring it. Then, we study the behaviour of two existing allocation mechanisms: an adaptation of the sequential mechanism used in Singapore and a distributed procedure based on mutually improving swaps of items. We first present the theoretical properties of these two allocation mechanisms, and we then compare their performances in practice through an experimental study.