bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cannabinoids determination in bronchoalveolar lavages of cannabis smokers with lung disease
Authors: Rotolo Maria Concetta , Pellegrini Manuela , Martucci Paola , Giacobbe Raffaela , De Palma Angela , Pacifici Roberta , Pichini Simona , Busardò Francesco Paolo , Bisconti Mario
Published: September 2018

Background

Cannabis smoke affects the lungs similarly to tobacco smoke, causing symptoms such as increased cough, sputum, hyperinflation and chronic bronchitis. Chronic use can also cause serious lung diseases and airway obstruction. We developed and validated a method for the identification and quantification of cannabinol (CBN), cannabidiol (CBD), Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and its metabolites 11-hydroxy-THC (11-OH-THC) and 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THC-COOH) in bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs) from hospitalized former or current tobacco smoking patients with lung disease and a long history of cannabis consumption and limited current tobacco use.

Methods

For the extraction of cannabinoids from BALs, a 1 mL sample was added with 300 µL of 0.1 N NaOH and 3 mL of hexane/ethyl acetate (9:1). The solvent was then evaporated to dryness. Trimethylsilyl derivatives were prepared and then analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.

Results

The method was linear for the analytes under investigation with coefficients of determination of at least 0.99. Absolute analytical recovery was always better than 80%, imprecision and inaccuracy was always under 15%. Six cases out of 15 were positive for THC, CBN and CBD. In two BALs samples, the presence of 11-OH-THC was also measured while THC-COOH was not detected. In the six positive cases, the last cannabis smoking occurred in the previous 2–14 days.

Conclusions

This is the first time that cannabinoids have been detected in BALs, demonstrating the presence of a drug with its metabolites in a target organ of consumers who present with a lung disease. This occurrence let us hypothesize a role of cannabinoids in the development of the disease and prompted an investigation on possible associations between cannabis smoking and clinical outcomes in patients with lung disease and eventually evaluate a cytotoxic effect of cannabinoids themselves.
Blinding or information control in diagnosis: could it reduce errors in clinical decision-making?
Authors: Lockhart Joseph J. , Satya-Murti Saty
Published: September 2018

Background

Clinical medicine has long recognized the potential for cognitive bias in the development of new treatments, and in response developed a tradition of blinding both clinicians and patients to address this specific concern. Although cognitive biases have been shown to exist which impact the accuracy of clinical diagnosis, blinding the diagnostician to potentially misleading information has received little attention as a possible solution. Recently, within the forensic sciences, the control of contextual information (i.e. information apart from the objective test results) has been studied as a technique to reduce errors. We consider the applicability of this technique to clinical medicine.

Content

This article briefly describes the empirical research examining cognitive biases arising from context which impact clinical diagnosis. We then review the recent awakening of forensic sciences to the serious effects of misleading information. Comparing the approaches, we discuss whether blinding to contextual information might (and in what circumstances) reduce clinical errors.

Summary and outlook

Substantial research indicates contextual information plays a significant role in diagnostic error and conclusions across several medical specialties. The forensic sciences may provide a useful model for the control of potentially misleading information in diagnosis. A conceptual analog of the forensic blinding process (the “agnostic” first reading) may be applicable to diagnostic investigations such as imaging, microscopic tissue examinations and waveform recognition. An “agnostic” approach, where the first reading occurs with minimal clinical referral information, but is followed by incorporation of the clinical history and reinterpretation, has the potential to reduce errors.
Legal Certainty is Yesterday’s Justification for Acquisitions of Land by Prescription. What is Today’s?
Authors: Hoops Björn
Published: September 2018

Legal certainty is the traditional justification of land acquisitions by prescription in the Netherlands and elsewhere. However, as land information systems become more comprehensive and reliable, this justification increasingly loses its foundation. Only where a transfer is invalid despite a registered transfer deed, is this justification still fully persuasive. This article examines alternative justifications of land acquisitions by prescription and assesses whether the requirements for acquisitions by prescription under Dutch law already reflect these justifications. The owner's omission to monitor the use of the land is arguably a persuasive justification for the loss of ownership by prescription and is fully reflected by the requirement of 'possession'. However, it fails to explain why a possessor who knowingly occupies somebody else's land should become owner. This article proceeds to evaluate the labour theory, the personhood theory, the theory of human flourishing, and utilitarian approaches. These theories persuasively explain why a bad faith possessor should become owner, but are not reflected by Dutch law. As a last step, this article considers the reduction of wealth inequality as a justification of land acquisitions by prescription and concludes that tempting though this justification may be, prescription is not an adequate means to combat inequality.
Comparison of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels between radioimmunoassay and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in infants and postpartum women
Authors: Hara Kaori , Ikeda Kazushige , Koyama Yuhei , Wada Yasuhiro , Hasegawa Tomonobu
Published: September 2018

Background

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has become the gold standard for the measurement of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels instead of the conventional method, radioimmunoassay (RIA). However, there was no study that compared RIA and LC-MS/MS for measuring serum 25(OH)D levels in infants and their mothers. The aim of this study was to assess the agreement of RIA and LC-MS/MS for measuring the serum levels in infants and postpartum women.

Methods

This study enrolled 70 preterm infants, 113 term infants (134 samples), and 120 postpartum women. Serum concentration of 25(OH)D was measured by RIA and LC-MS/MS. We evaluated the correlation between RIA and LC-MS/MS. Also, we evaluated the bias between RIA and LC-MS/MS using Bland-Altman analysis.

Results

Sixty percent of preterm infants had serum 25(OH)D levels below the lower limit of quantification (LOQ) (4 ng/mL) and 90% of them were classified as vitamin D deficient. The serum 25(OH)D levels measured by RIA were significantly correlated with those measured by LC-MS/MS in all groups. According to the Bland-Altman plot, the serum 25(OH)D levels of infants measured by RIA had constant positive bias (mean±standard deviation [SD] [95% confidence interval, CI], preterm: +4.8± 2.4 ng/mL [4.2–5.4], term: +5.8±4.0 [5.1–6.5]) and proportional bias (preterm:r=0.44, p<0.01, term:r=0.50, p<0.01) compared with LC-MS/MS. The serum 25(OH)D levels of postpartum women measured by RIA had constant positive bias compared with LC-MS/MS, but no proportional bias was found.

Conclusions

RIA demonstrated falsely high 25(OH)D levels when used for infants and postpartum women.
Mechanisms of death in structurally normal stillbirths
Authors: Pacora Percy , Romero Roberto , Jaiman Sunil , Erez Offer , Bhatti Gaurav , Panaitescu Bogdan , Benshalom-Tirosh Neta , Jung Eun Jung , Hsu Chaur-Dong , Hassan Sonia S. , Yeo Lami , Kadar Nicholas
Published: September 2018

Objectives

To investigate mechanisms ofin uterodeath in normally formed fetuses by measuring amniotic fluid (AF) biomarkers for hypoxia (erythropoietin [EPO]), myocardial damage (cardiac troponin I [cTnI]) and brain injury (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP]), correlated with risk factors for fetal death and placental histopathology.

Methods

This retrospective, observational cohort study included intrauterine deaths with transabdominal amniocentesis prior to induction of labor. Women with a normal pregnancy and an indicated amniocentesis at term were randomly selected as controls. AF was assayed for EPO, cTnI and GFAP using commercial immunoassays. Placental histopathology was reviewed, and CD15-immunohistochemistry was used. Analyte concentrations >90thcentile for controls were considered “raised”. Raised AF EPO, AF cTnI and AF GFAP concentrations were considered evidence of hypoxia, myocardial and brain injury, respectively.

Results

There were 60 cases and 60 controls. Hypoxia was present in 88% (53/60), myocardial damage in 70% (42/60) and brain injury in 45% (27/60) of fetal deaths. Hypoxic fetuses had evidence of myocardial injury, brain injury or both in 77% (41/53), 49% (26/53) and 13% (7/53) of cases, respectively. Histopathological evidence for placental dysfunction was found in 74% (43/58) of these cases.

Conclusion

Hypoxia, secondary to placental dysfunction, was found to be the mechanism of death in the majority of fetal deaths among structurally normal fetuses. Ninety-one percent of hypoxic fetal deaths sustained brain, myocardial or both brain and myocardial injuriesin utero. Hypoxic myocardial injury was an attributable mechanism of death in 70% of the cases. Non-hypoxic cases may be caused by cardiac arrhythmia secondary to a cardiac conduction defect.
Assessing genome-wide significance for the detection of differentially methylated regions
Authors: Page Christian M. , Vos Linda , Rounge Trine B. , Harbo Hanne F. , Andreassen Bettina K.
Published: September 2018

DNA methylation plays an important role in human health and disease, and methods for the identification of differently methylated regions are of increasing interest. There is currently a lack of statistical methods which properly address multiple testing, i.e. control genome-wide significance for differentially methylated regions. We introduce a scan statistic (DMRScan), which overcomes these limitations. We benchmark DMRScan against two well established methods (bumphunter, DMRcate), using a simulation study based on real methylation data. An implementation of DMRScan is available from Bioconductor. Our method has higher power than alternative methods across different simulation scenarios, particularly for small effect sizes. DMRScan exhibits greater flexibility in statistical modeling and can be used with more complex designs than current methods. DMRScan is the first dynamic approach which properly addresses the multiple-testing challenges for the identification of differently methylated regions. DMRScan outperformed alternative methods in terms of power, while keeping the false discovery rate controlled.
The analysis of surface saccharide profiles through fluorescein-labelled lectins in a rat pancreatic tissue with established metabolic syndrome model
Authors: Mater Yosun , Beyhan-Ozdas Sule
Published: September 2018

“Glycans”, which are generally referred as oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, are structures that are present on all cellular surfaces with proteins and lipids being attached to their basic chain structures. Many studies in the field of glycobiology have identified the various and complicated biological roles of these glycans which make them perfect molecules to use in labelling and selecting body cells specifically. This study aims at analyzing the modifications in saccharide units of glycans on a cell membrane surfaces of the pancreatic tissue of rats to which normal and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are established. To this end, a MetS model was created through a high fructose diet in Spraque Dawley breed of rats and the pancreatic tissue sections of the group with MetS and control group animals were evaluated comparatively. The targeted saccharide units were examined with Fluorescent Microscope by using two different Fluorescein (FITC) labelled lectins, namely Maackia amurensis-1 lectin [FITC-(MAL-I)] and the Wheat Germ Agglutinin (FITC-WGA). It was observed that FITC-MAL-1-labelled Galβ4GlcNAc units did not change much due to high- fructose diet. On the other hand, more GlcNAc, Neu5Ac and β-GlcNAc units which are labelled with FITC-WGA lectin increase in numbers in pancreatic sections of high fructose diet, compared to control group. Thus, a rapid and specific labelling method, which can identify surface saccharide sequences specifically, was developed. The method can be used in early diagnosis and/or treatment for metabolic diseases.
Theoretical Investigations on the Structural, Electronic and Spectral Properties of VFn (n = 1–7) Clusters
Authors: Peng Li , Wu Shao-Yi , Guo Jia-Xing , Zhong Si-Ying , Chen Xiao-Hong
Published: September 2018

Density functional theory (DFT) investigations on neutral and anionic VFn (n = 1–7) clusters are performed, and the geometric structures, relative stability as well as electronic and spectral [IR, Raman and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis)] properties of these clusters are systematically calculated with DFT calculations. The clusters for n ≥ 4 exhibit superhalogen properties with very high electron affinities. Analysis of the interactions between VF6 and Li indicates high stability of LiVF6, where VF6 acts like fluorine. The IR and Raman spectra reveal that the peaks can be largely assigned to the stretching vibration of F atoms. The highest and next highest UV-Vis absorption peaks within 200–350 nm for neutral and anionic clusters are mainly ascribed to the electronic transitions between F 2p and V 3d orbitals.
Unternehmensstrategien in der Krise?
Authors: Wixforth Harald
Published: September 2018

Corporate strategy in crisis? Hyperinflation crisis and its management at Norddeutscher Lloyd.

Business historians have studied causes and development of economic crises long before the last one, but the latest shifts in the financial markets further increased awareness of the course of action taken by the protagonists. Research may not pay attention to the role of «insolvents and bankrupts» to the same degree as it does to the heads of successful enterprises and concerns. More and more, however, focus is on the reasons for which some enterprises cope better with crises than others. Business history has come to the realization that not only are crises inherent to competitive economy, but furthermore they give insight into the machinery of the market and the behavior of its protagonists.
Neural Deletion of Glucose Transporter Isoform 3 Creates Distinct Postnatal and Adult Neurobehavioral Phenotypes
Authors: Shin Bo-Chul , Cepeda Carlos , Estrada-Sánchez Ana María , Levine Michael S. , Hodaei Laya , Dai Yun , Jung Jai , Ganguly Amit , Clark Peter , Devaskar Sherin U.
Published: September 2018

We created a neural-specific conditional murineglut3(Slc2A3) deletion (glut3flox/flox/nestin-Cre+) to examine the effect of a lack of Glut3 on neurodevelopment. Compared with age-matchedglut3flox/flox= WT and heterozygotes (glut3flox/+/nestin-Cre+), we found that a >90% reduction in male and female brain Glut3 occurred by postnatal day 15 (PN15) inglut3flox/flox/nestin-Cre+. This genetic manipulation caused a diminution in brain weight and cortical thickness at PN15, a reduced number of dendritic spines, and fewer ultrasonic vocalizations. Patch-clamp recordings of cortical pyramidal neurons revealed increased frequency of bicuculline-induced paroxysmal discharges as well as reduced latency, attesting to a functional synaptic and cortical hyperexcitability. Concomitant stunting with lower glucose concentrations despite increased milk intake shortened the lifespan, failing rescue by a ketogenic diet. This led to creatingglut3flox/flox/CaMK2α-Cre+mice lacking Glut3 in the adult male limbic system. These mice had normal lifespan, displayed reduced IPSCs in cortical pyramidal neurons, less anxiety/fear, and lowered spatial memory and motor abilities but heightened exploratory and social responses. These distinct postnatal and adult phenotypes, based upon whetherglut3gene is globally or restrictively absent, have implications for humans who carry copy number variations and present with neurodevelopmental disorders.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLack of the key brain-specific glucose transporter 3 gene found in neurons during early postnatal life results in significant stunting, a reduction in dendritic spines found on neuronal processes and brain size, heightened neuronal excitability, along with a shortened lifespan. When occurring in the adult and limited to the limbic system alone, lack of this gene in neurons reduces the fear of spatial exploration and socialization but does not affect the lifespan. These features are distinct heralding differences between postnatal and adult phenotypes based upon whether the same gene is globally or restrictively lacking. These findings have implications for humans who carry copy number variations pertinent to this gene and have been described to present with neurodevelopmental disorders.
Anterior Temporal Lobectomy Impairs Neural Classification of Body Emotions in Right Superior Temporal Sulcus and Reduces Emotional Enhancement in Distributed Brain Areas without Affecting Behavioral Classification
Authors: Van de Vliet Laura , Jastorff Jan , Huang Yun-An , Van Paesschen Wim , Vandenbulcke Mathieu , Van den Stock Jan
Published: September 2018

Humans with amygdalar lesions show proportional reductions of the emotional response to facial expressions in the fusiform face area as well as deficits in emotion recognition from facial expressions. While processing of bodily expressions shares many similarities with facial expressions, there is no substantial evidence that lesions of the amygdala result in similar behavioral and neural sequelae. We combined behavioral assessment with functional neuroimaging in a group of male and female humans with unilateral anterior temporal lobe (ATL) resections, including the amygdala (right:n= 10; left:n= 10) and 12 matched controls. The objective was to assess whether the amygdala is crucial for the recognition of body expressions and for modulatory effects on distant areas during perception of body expressions. The behavioral results revealed normal performance in both patient groups on emotion categorization of body expressions. The neuroimaging results showed that ATL patients displayed no enhanced activations in right fusiform body area and left extrastriate body area and that left ATL patients additionally displayed no enhanced activations in right posterior superior temporal sulcus and right extrastriate body area, respectively. Multivoxel pattern analysis revealed altered categorization capacity between emotional and neutral stimuli in right posterior superior temporal sulcus in right ATL patients. In addition, we also found emotional enhancement in frontal, parietal, occipital, and cingulate regions in controls. Together, our data show that the amygdala and ATLs are not necessary for recognition of dynamic body expressions, but suggest that amygdala lesions affect body emotion processing in distant brain areas.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTFor humans, information from emotional expressions of others is crucial to support social interactions. The majority of emotion studies has focused on facial expressions; however, in daily life, we also use information from body postures and body movement. Visual processing of body expressions relies on a brain network, including body-specific visual areas and visuomotor areas. Even though the importance of the amygdala and its modulatory effects on distant brain regions have been documented, it remains unclear whether the amygdala plays a crucial role in emotional body processing. By combining behavioral and neuroimaging data in patients with amygdalar lesions, we provide further evidence for its modulatory effect on distant areas during the perception of body expressions.
Typhoid Mary: A Story-Based Approach to the Teaching of Epidemiological Concepts
Authors: Witucki Allison , Seals Lindsay , Rudge David
Published: September 2018

Understanding Koch's postulates, including how they are used to study the spread of disease within a population, is central to the teaching of microbiology. These concepts are often presented and discussed with little or no historical background, and as a result students fail to appreciate how the field has developed from past to present. We designed a lesson based on the story of Typhoid Mary to engage students in the learning and application of Koch's postulates in the field of epidemiology and provide insight into the interplay between scientists and the public as illustrated by this episode. The lesson uses an interrupted story technique in which students watch a documentary about Typhoid Mary, with pauses to discuss the events and engage in a role-play to reenact Mary's trial. The purpose is to improve student understanding of central concepts and to foster a deeper understanding of issues associated with the nature of science (NOS), such as how the process of science is influenced by culture and society (and vice versa). This lesson plan was created for a college-level microbiology course for non-majors, but can be easily modified for use in high school settings.
Considering Grand Challenges in Biology Education: Rationales and Proposals for Future Investigations to Guide Instruction and Enhance Student Understanding in the Life Sciences
Authors: McComas William F. , Reiss Michael J. , Dempster Edith , Lee Yeung Chung , Olander Clas , Clément Pierre , Boerwinkel Dirk Jan , Waarlo Arend Jan
Published: September 2018

An international group of biology education researchers offer their views on areas of scholarship that might positively impact our understanding of teaching and learning in biology and potentially inform practices in biology and life science instruction. This article contains a series of essays on topics that include a framework for biology education research, considerations in the preparation of biology teachers, increasing accessibility to biology for all learners, the role and challenges of language in biology teaching, sociocultural issues in biology instruction, and assisting students in coping with scientific innovations. These contributions are framed by a discussion of the value of defining several potential “grand challenges” in biology education.
Adapting Traditional Field Activities in Natural History Education to an Emerging Paradigm in Biodiversity Informatics
Authors: Hardy Christopher R. , Hardy Nazli W.
Published: September 2018

The use of Web-based informatics tools such as eBird, iNaturalist, and NatureAtlas that allow anyone to find and share occurrences and observations of organisms in nature could readily be integrated with the time-honored specimen collection and field journaling components of taxon-based natural history courses. We find, however, that fewer than 2% of such courses have used any such tool. Consequently, the far majority of students receive no formal exposure to the 21st-century technologies and concepts that are transforming the data landscapes of the very fields the courses should be preparing them to enter. We conducted a seven-year, empirical assessment of the integration of such technology with coursework, and our results reveal why recognizing and correcting this shortcoming is critical. Our data indicate that such technology can enhance student engagement and student perception of learning, and that its broader integration with coursework could be a boon to regional and global efforts to document and conserve biodiversity. We conclude that the academic community is missing a tremendous opportunity to better engage future biologists and potential citizen-scientists in a critically important, emergent paradigm in biodiversity informatics.
A “Sweet” Activity to Teach Basic Population Estimation Principles, Community Diversity Assessment, and Mathematical Reasoning to Biology Students
Authors: Goetze Jim R. , Rodriguez Marisela
Published: September 2018

In this article, we describe how to utilize differently colored M&M candies to represent species within a simulated biological community, and obtain population and diversity estimates utilizing Lincoln-Petersen and Shannon-Weaver methods, respectively. Through use of this activity, our students gain a better understanding of mathematical applications in biological research, and are exposed to basic census and community analysis techniques utilized by practicing biologists. Additionally, this activity may be utilized in various instructional situations where, otherwise, it might prove impractical to take students on a fieldtrip to allow practice of these procedures.
Eclecticismo humanístico de la dinámica económica y jurídica del proyecto de ley de autogeneración eléctrica en Costa Rica
Authors: Sánchez Sánchez Juan Diego , Flores Flores Guillermo
Published: September 2018

El presente artículo aborda el proyecto de autogeneración eléctrica en Costa Rica desde dos ópticas: la económica y la jurídica, y su afectación a la esfera humanista. Desde esta perspectiva, se establecen los facto­res y el funcionamiento económico que corresponde a su aplicación. Se abordan las figuras del monopolio y del oligopolio, así como la dinámica humano-económica que genera en el mercado, lo que refuerza su carácter lucrativo. En términos jurídicos se detallan temas propios a la naturaleza legal del proyecto de ley, las normas involucradas, así como los efectos jurí­dicos y la dinámica legal y humana respectiva; aspectos que permiten deter­minar los intereses económicos, legales y sociales afectados por el proyecto.
Stories of professional development in Brazilian Languages Without Borders Program
Authors: Kirsch William , Sarmento Simone
Published: September 2018

This research has investigated the stories of professional development of five student teachers who participate in a community of teachers of English as an Additional Language in a large research university in the south of Brazil. This community has emerged from the Languages without Borders Program (LwB) and has as its end goal teaching English to the university’s community – faculty, staff and, especially, students. The data was obtained through semistructured interviews with focal participants, who were asked to tell us their story of learning in the community. From the data, it is possible to interpret that participants have developed professionally in their trajectory in the Program through the engagement in a number of practices integral to the community.
Using Prayer and Spirituality in the Healing Professions with Emotional Core Therapy
Authors: LCPC Robert A. Moylan,
Published: September 2018

With Emotional Core Therapy, we have a behavioral psychology approach that is scientifically proven to be the most effective spiritual and psychological approach available worldwide at treating relationship stress. Spiritual beliefs and prayer can offer hope to those suffering stressful events. This research article will demonstrate how the eight step Emotional Core Therapy flowchart can be utilized to allow spiritual beings access to their spiritual selves in a time of need. By allowing access to hope and prayer, patients can access some of the valuable resources available for recovery. Stress can be debilitating at times. Stressful events such as job loss and divorce can sometimes cause major discomfort on the body. The Holmes and Rahe Scale identifies the leading cause of stress for human beings. This scale is attached below and allows one to rate the various stress in one’s life. Since each person experiences bodily stress differently, this site can only offer a rough guideline of the adverse effect of accumulative stress on the mind and body.
Trapped in Poverty?: A Study of Transient and Persisting Factors for Muslim Disadvantages in the UK
Authors: Heath Anthony , Li Yaojun , Woerner-Powell Tom
Published: September 2018

This article examines the prevalence and causes of religious poverty in contemporary UK society, with particular attention to the experience of British Muslims living in relative poverty. Using the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS), the authors find a marked incidence of poverty among Muslims, a stronger religious than ethnic association with poverty, and a salient intergenerational improvement in Muslim vulnerability to poverty. The article proposes a framework of degrees of transience as a means of maximising analytical utility while minimising essentialist presuppositions. By integrating this approach into more general discussions of religion, poverty, and social capital, this article explores potential factors affecting the life-chances of British Muslims today. It brings these findings into dialogue with established sociological theories which have historically focused primarily on North American Christian populations. In the process, it contributes to debates on the usefulness of ethnic and religious categories in quantitative research.
The Shias of Pakistan. An Assertive and Beleaguered Minority, by Andreas Rieck
Authors: Fuchs Simon Wolfgang
Published: September 2018

The Shias of Pakistan: An Assertive and Beleaguered Minority, by Andreas Rieck. C. Hurst, 2016. 544pp., Hb. £45. ISBN-13: 9781849043557.
Circuits of Faith: Migration, Education, and the Wahhabi Mission, by Michael Farquhar. Stanford University Press, 2017. 269pp. Hardback. Euro 45,99. ISBN 978-0-8047-9835-8
Authors: Steinberg Guido
Published: September 2018

Circuits of Faith: Migration, Education, and the Wahhabi Mission, by Michael Farquhar. Stanford University Press, 2017. 288pp. Hb. $ 45.00. ISBN-13: 9780804798358.
State Philosophy, Micro-Fascism, and New Materiality; Paul Tillich’s contribution to Recent Political Philosophy
Authors: Ristienemi Jari
Published: September 2018

The author analyzes the contemporary political situation in a more holistic way, from a relational /international perspective and in the light of the concept of "politics of affect" of Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari. So life in society is understood in terms of interdependence, collaboration, co-creation and empowerment. He also refers to the monistic and holistic vision of the human creative process in Tillich. From there, he seeks to meet some of the holistic demands of recent human and cultural sciences, in particular the fascism as mentality issue, binary segmentation and the trajectory of denial. The answer lies in an ontology of the potentialities in the sense of Tillich and Agamben.
Kierkegaard e a transformação do sujeito em si mesmo entre a vertigem da liberdade e o paradoxo absoluto da fé
Authors: Mariano da Rosa Luiz Carlos
Published: September 2018

Atribuindo à ironia a possibilidade de exercício e desenvolvimento da liberdade subjetiva, Kierkegaard sublinha a negatividade absoluta como característica do referido processo em Sócrates, convergindo para assinalar o absoluto e irredutível valor do indivíduo em um movimento que implica o início absoluto da vida pessoal entre criar-se (poeticamente) e deixar-se criar (poeticamente). Dessa forma, contrapondo-se à dissolução da existência humana nas fronteiras da pura conceituação intelectual, Kierkegaard assinala a tensão inaplacável entre existência e transcendência em um movimento que implica a interioridade e guarda correspondência com a necessidade de tornar-se subjetivo, tendo em vista a perspectiva que defende que a verdade consiste na transformação do sujeito em si mesmo entre a vertigem da liberdade e o paradoxo da fé em um processo que encerra angústia e desespero e converge para a transição do ético ao religioso.
What is zonulin? v1
Authors: Schmitt Thomas
Published: September 2018

Zonulin is a protein, synthesized in intestinal and liver cells, that reversibly regulates intestinal permeability. Zonulin modulates the permeability of tight junctions between cells of the wall of the digestive tract. It was discovered in 2000 by Alessio Fasano and his team at the university of maryland school of medicine. The classic symptom of cholera is profuse, watery, debilitating diarrhea.
Kolon polipleri: Lokalizasyon, histoloji, boyut - 5 yıllık kolonoskopik değerlendirme
Authors: ŞAHİNTÜRK Yasin , ÇEKİN Ayhan Hilmi
Published: September 2018

Giriş ve Amaç: Kolon polipleri konusunda hasta sayısı fazla olan
bir çalışma yaparak konu hakkındaki epidemiyolojik verilere prevalans,
histoloji, boyut ve lokalizasyon konusunda katkı yapmak. Gereç ve Yöntem: 2012-2017 yılları arasında kolonoskopi yapılan 2512
hasta kolon polip prevalansı, histolojisi (hiperplastik, adenomatöz, serrated),
boyutu (<1 cm
ve >1 cm)
ve lokalizasyonuna (rektum, sigmoid kolon, inen kolon, transvers kolon, çıkan
kolon, çekum) göre değerlendirildi. Bulgular:
Çalışmaya alınan 2.512 hastanın 876'sında (%34,9) polip saptandı. 104'ünde
(%11,9) hiperplastik polip saptanırken, 10 (%1,1) hastada serrated polip, 650
(%74,3) hastada adenomatöz polip saptandı. Saptanan poliplerin 696 (%79,4)
tanesi 1 cm'den
küçükken, 180 (%20,6) tanesi 1
cm'den büyüktü. Yerleşim bölgeleri incelendiğinde en sık
rektal bölgede 323 (%36,9) polipler saptanırken proksimal kolon kesimlerinde
polip görülme yüzdesi azalmaktaydı. Yaş arttıkça polip görülme sıklığı,
adenamatöz histoloji varlığı ve polip boyutu artmaktaydı. Erkeklerde polip
saptanma yüzdesi, kadınlarda ise >1 cm polip saptanma sıklığı  daha fazlaydı. Sonuç: Çalışmamız literatüre göre yüksek hasta sayısı içermesi
nedeniyle değerli sonuçlar içermektedir. Epidemiyolojik açıdan literatür
verilerine göre saptadığımız yüksek polip prevalansı tarama programlarında daha
dikkatli davranmamız gerektiğini düşündürmüştür.
Инновационный фактор в формировании точек роста
Authors: Гатауллин Ринат Фазлтдинович
Published: September 2018

В статье рассмотрены роль и функции инноваций в формировании «точек роста» в регионах. Выявлены тенденции в территориальном распределении инноваций в регионах Приволжского федерального округа (ПФО) и муниципальных образованиях (МО) Республики Башкортостан. Сформулированы предложения по повышению уровня инновационной самодостаточности страны и ее регионов, меры по купированию угроз для осуществления их технологического прорыва. Обосновано предложение по созданию управляющих компаний инновациями, что позволит воедино связать интересы науки и бизнеса в ускорении внедрения достижений отечественной науки.
Предложено в качестве одного из главных критериев оценки эффективности деятельности органов власти на всех уровнях управления экономики качество экономического роста: его высокие темпы, обусловленные инновациями. Инициативы на местах признаны важным условием переформатирования экономики на базе новейших технологий, основанных на результатах отечественной науки.
Подходы к планированию обучения персонала с применением модели оценки эффективности корпоративного обучения, на основе системы KPI и детализированных метрик
Authors: Илюшников Константин Константинович
Published: September 2018

В статье представлен метод планирования обучения персонала с применением системы KPI и детализированных метрик организации. Описаны основные задачи, достигаемые по средствам корпоративного обучения. Разработан способ сбора данных, определяющих последовательность сотрудников в обучении на основе метрик. Описан процесс сбора показателей метрик на основе чек-листов (бланков) оценки замеров контроля качества, процесс их дальнейшей систематизации и аналитики. Описаны основные функции управления корпоративным обучением. Рассмотрена роль системы оценки обучения на основе KPI и детализированных метрик в реализации функций управления корпоративным обучением.
Модернизация промышленных предприятий, входящих в состав кластера, на основе теории адаптивного управления
Authors: Ютландова Светлана Андреевна
Published: September 2018

В статье представлено определение пути разрешения проблемных ситуаций на основе теории адаптивного управления, а также логико-лингвистического и ситуационного подхода; дано построение фрагмента дискретно-ситуационной сети.
Учреждения дополнительного профессионального образования в современных условиях, их особенности и классификация
Authors: Ахметшин Айрат Адикович
Published: September 2018

В статье рассмотрены особенности и роль учреждений дополнительного профессионального образования (ДПО) в современных условиях развития экономики. Предложена классификация всего большого разнообразия и множества учебных заведений в сфере ДПО, оказывающих образовательные услуги по многочисленным программам обучения, с использованием морфологического анализа (морфологического ящика) с целью возможности получения полного описания и представления о конкретном учреждении ДПО при дальнейшей разработке стратегии управления развитием организации для поддержания и повышения её жизнеспособности. Представлена авторская таблица с основными признаками классификации и их значениями (видами учреждения ДПО) для каждого признака, что позволяет определить и охарактеризовать множество учреждений ДПО, описать любое учреждение ДПО набором сочетаний одного из значений каждого классификационного признака и создать на её основе систему кодирования.
Управление интеллектуальными ресурсами работников в условиях инновационного развития цифровой экономики
Authors: Яковлева Елена Владимировна
Published: September 2018

Существенным фактором, детерминирующим инновационное развитие цифровой экономики, является интеллектуальный. В представляемой статье обоснован выбор и раскрыто содержание инфраструктурно-воспроизводственного подхода к управлению интеллектуальными ресурсами работников промышленных предприятий в условиях современных трансформационных процессов инновационного развития цифровизации, носящих объективный характер, имеющих эволюционно-технологическое происхождение и, обуславливающих глубокие социально-экономические изменения на всех уровнях экономики. С позиции предлагаемого подхода получены результаты по дополнению теории управления персоналом развивающими элементами, охватывающими классификацию организационных уровней управления интеллектуальными ресурсами работников на предприятиях промышленности, а также идентификацию типов кадровой политики, соответствующих определенному уровню организации управления интеллектуальными ресурсами работников. Результаты исследования полезны и необходимы для формирования и развития теоретической и методологической основы совершенствования организации управления персоналом инновационно активных промышленных субъектов экономики в условиях её цифрового развития. Могут быть использованы при разработке инструментов, методов, систем, а также механизмов управления интеллектуальными ресурсами работников, нацеленных на максимизацию эффекта новаторства, необходимого для обеспечения стабильного инновационного развития на современном уровне.
Развитие образовательной составляющей отраслевого рынка туристских услуг в Поволжье
Authors: Вавилина Алла Владимировна , Темякова Татьяна Витальевна
Published: September 2018

В статье речь идет о развитии отраслевого рынка туристских услуг посредством совершенствования его образовательной составляющей. В настоящее время образовательные туристские маршруты набирают свою популярность. Сегодня есть предпосылки к тому, чтобы принимать на территории РФ иностранных граждан с целью оказания им образовательных услуг. Подобные туры способны стать весьма привлекательными для зарубежных гостей. В рамках данной статьи рассматривается возможность формирования в Поволжье, на территории Саратовской, Самарской, Волгоградской области, радиального туристского маршрута образовательной направленности. Приводится финансово-экономическое обоснование туристского маршрута для граждан из Германии, а также программа тура. Делаются выводы о положительном воздействии опыта обслуживания зарубежных гостей в регионах Поволжья на развитие региональных туристских отраслей и возможности проецировать данный опыт на обслуживание туристов при реализации внутренних туров.
Модель оценки человеческого капитала инновационно-активного предприятия и эффективности его использования
Authors: Худякова Евгения Георгиевна
Published: September 2018

Человеческий капитал является ресурсом и механизмом инновационной деятельности предприятия. Эффективность его использования влияет на развитие предприятия. В рамках данной статьи рассмотрена модель оценки человеческого капитала на микроуровне в стоимостном выражении и определение эффективности его использования. Описана методика расчета стоимости человеческого капитала и индикаторов ее характеризующих, а также приведена матрица, определяющая роль предприятия в процессе формирования, развития и использования человеческого капитала.
Особенности налогообложения предприятий легкой промышленности Владимирской области и механизмы его развития на основе спецрежимов
Authors: Снегирева Татьяна Константиновна
Published: September 2018

В статье приведены особенности налогообложения предприятий легкой промышленности во Владимирской области, выделены предпочтительные системы налогообложения, обоснована необходимость расширения возможностей использования специальных налоговых режимов, упрощенной и патентной системы. Автором предложены механизмы их развития на основе создания модели комплексного налогообложения предприятий.
Переход к модели интегрированного производственного планирования в условиях трансформации производственных систем и единого информационного пространства
Authors: Куприянов Юрий Валерьевич
Published: September 2018

Изменение содержания мировой экономики. выражащееся в процессах кастомизации, децентрализации, цифровизации, организационной гибридизации, виртуализации приводят к ускорению технологический изменений, как базовой основы конкуренции, усилению конкуренции, сокращению жизненного цикла продуктов и организаций. В этих условиях происходит обьективная трансформация производственных систем и систем управления и планирования. Возрастающая турбулентность внешней среды диктует необходимость реновации типа производственной системы и модели управления и планирования в направлении применения на новом качественном уровне интеграционного подхода. В статье введено понятие интегрированного производственного планирования и предложена визуальная модель интегрированного производственного планирования в современной производственной бизнес-системе.
Финансовый механизм привлечения денежных средств в инвестиционный проект по сохранению и улучшению окружающей среды (на примере г. Екатеринбурга)
Authors: Шеина Екатерина Георгиевна
Published: September 2018

Ключевой целью исследования является возможность синтеза экономической эффективности и повышение качества экологии города Екатеринбурга, с целью вовлечения самих граждан. И это направление является очень перспективным с финансово-экономической точки зрения, что подтверждено приведенными расчетами с учетом современных статистических данных. Автором предложен финансовый механизм привлечения денежных средств посредством вложения в ценные бумаги, в основе которого - вовлечение жителей как отдельного района, так и всего города, в процесс осуществления деятельности по вывозу и переработке мусора на территории их жизнедеятельности, а также соблюдения чистоты и порядка, результатом чего будет являться удовлетворенность и повышение качества жизни самих же жителей района или всего города, а также положительный финансовый результат предприятий, осуществляющих указанную деятельность.
Риски разработки и реализации государственной финансовой политики в области диверсификации экономики
Authors: Слепов Владимир Александрович , Баландин Сергей Александрович , Сахаров Дмитрий Михайлович
Published: September 2018

В статье анализируются основные риски, связанные с разработкой и реализацией государственной финансовой политики, направленной на диверсификацию отечественной экономики. В работе были рассмотрены кредитно-денежная и бюджетная политики с позиции рисков их неэффективности, а также риски финансовой политики, вызванные недостаточным взаимодействием с региональной политикой, политикой занятости и научно-технической политикой. C помощью инструментов SWOT-анализа обоснованы потенциальные негативные последствия, связанные с возможностью реализации данных рисков.
Catalytic Synthesis of Triethanolamine in a Microchannel Reactor
Authors: Andreev D. V. , Sergeev E. E. , Makarshin L. L. , Ivanov E. A. , Gribovskiy A. G. , Adonin N. Yu. , Pai Z. P. , Parmon V. N.
Published: September 2018

The process of ammonia oxyethylation was studied in a microchannel reactor at wide ranges of temperature (70–180 °C) and contact time (0.47–3.3 min). Monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and the target triethanolamine (TEA) were the main products of the reaction between ethylene oxide (EO) and ammonia. The EO conversion was shown to increase with lengthening contact time (τ), it being 90 % at τ = 3.3 min. The highest selectivity to MEA and DEA was observed at 70 °C and τ = 3.3 min. A high selectivity to TEA (84 %) was reached at short τ (0.47 min) and maximal temperature (180 °C). The yield of TEA increased as temperature was elevated and contact time lengthened to reach 62 % at τ = 3.3 min and 155–180 °C. Mathematical modeling of the process allowed kinetic constants of individual stages to be calculated. The difference between the calculated and literature kinetic parameters could be accounted for by the specific features of the microchannel reactor providing, unlike traditional reactors for synthesis of triethanolamine, high heat and mass transfer.
Pharmacokinetic Variability in Pediatrics and Intensive Care: Toward a Personalized Dosing Approach
Authors: Marsot Amélie
Published: September 2018

Providing a safe and efficacious drug therapy for large and often heterogeneous populations is a challenging objective in clinical drug development and routine clinical practice. It has been known for years that the optimum dose required for many therapeutic agents among individuals is quite variable. A wide interindividual pharmacokinetic variability was described in clinically relevant populations such as pediatrics and critically ill patients. The aim of this article was to present the main individual factors influencing variability in these two populations and their applications. Growth and development are two specific features of children that are not observed in adults. And critically ill patients have a much higher level of sickness severity that is associated with profound pathophysiological changes. These particular features could lead to difficulties to attain therapeutic targets. Nonlinear mixed effects modeling is a common approach to identify unexplained population variability. This approach is often applied to evaluate and optimize drug therapy in particular populations. Numerous studies have been conducted in these two specific populations to characterize pharmacokinetic parameters and to identify individual factors influencing variability. Size, age and organ function appeared to be the main factors influencing pharmacokinetics in pediatrics. Factors influencing pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients were mainly cardiovascular system, organ dysfunction and organ support. Dosage individualization seems to be a key issue to optimize drug treatment in these specific populations. Clinically utility and safety of a model-based personalized drug therapy has been demonstrated for vancomycin in pediatrics. Many programs were available to optimize drug regimens, especially for antibiotic drugs in critically ill patients. This innovative personalized dosing approach is a promising way to optimize drug therapy in clinically relevant populations, such as pediatrics and critically ill patients.