bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Future of Israel - Palestinian Conflict: Either One State or Two?
Authors: Amal Ichlasul
Published: July 2020

Sebagai salah satu konflik yang cukup banyak menarik perhatian dari dunia internasional, konflik antara Israel dan Palestina sudah banyak melewati proses diplomasi untuk diperolehnya perdamaian diantara keduanya. Konflik ini sudah memakan waktu cukup lama, sekitar 71 tahun sejak permulaanya, dan kini sedang menghadapi tantangan dan kenyataan bahwa usaha untuk mencapai perdamaian di antara keduanya mengalami perkembangan yang stagnan. Usaha untuk mencapai resolusi konflik dalam peace talk yang dilakukan pada rentang tahun 2013-2014 mengalami penangguhan. Hal ini menimbulkan beberapa pandangan terhadap keefektifan resolusi konflik yang ada saat ini, bagi kedua negara yang bertikai, yaitu resolusi satu negara dan dua negara. Dalam tulisan ini, penulis menemukan bahwa liberalisme ideasional menempatkan solusi dua negara sebagai solusi terlayak, mengesampingkan solusi satu negara. Solusi satu negara tidak dapat memenuhi kerangka hidup koeksistensi dalam liberalisme ideasional. Kerangka hidup koeksistensi terdiri dari kesepahaman dalam batas wilayah, institusi politik, serta regulasi sosio-ekonomik. Tulisan ini menemukan bahwa solusi dua negara memenuhi hal tersebut yang akan dijelaskan dalam artikel ini melalui pendekatan analisis historis kualitatif, metode kepustakaan dan dilandasi teori liberalisme ideasional.Kata-kata kunci: Israel, Liberalisme, Palestina, resolusi konflik.A lot of diplomatic processes to obtain peace had done several times for Israel and Palestine. It happened as the conflict itself attracted much intention from the international world. The conflict has taken a long time, about 71 years since its inception, and is now facing challenges and the fact that efforts to achieve peace between the two have experienced stagnant development. Efforts to achieve conflict resolution in peace talks conducted in 2013-2014 experienced a delay. The event raised several views on the effectiveness of the current conflict resolution for the two warring countries, namely the resolution of one country and two countries. In this paper, the authors find that ideational liberalism places the two-state solution as a feasible solution, leaving aside the one-state solution. A one-state solution cannot fulfill the coexistence framework in ideational liberalism. The coexistence framework consists of understanding within boundaries, political institutions, and socio-economic regulations. This paper finds that the two-state solution satisfies this point, which will be explained in this article through the approach of qualitative historical analysis, the method of literature and the theory of ideational liberalismKeywords: Israel, Liberalism, Palestine, conflict resolution.
Céréales entières pour les poulets de chair : le retour ?
Authors: NOIROT V. , BOUVAREL I. , BARRIER-GUILLOT B. , CASTAING J. , ZWICK J.L. , PICARD M.
Published: July 2020

L’utilisation des céréales entières distribuées avec un aliment complémentaire dans l’alimentation du poulet de chair présente un regain d’intérêt avec les succès rencontrés dans certains élevages d’Europe du nord. Les résultats de la recherche permettent de comparer les trois principaux modes de distribution des deux aliments : l’alimentation séparée dans l’espace, le mélange et l’alimentation séquentielle.
Mélange et alimentation séquentielle sont adaptés à l’élevage : ces techniques permettent de mieux contrôler les proportions de céréale et d’aliment complémentaire consommées par les poulets. L’alimentation séparée laisse en revanche s’exprimer les facteurs individuels de la sélection alimentaire et ne permet pas toujours d’obtenir la croissance et la composition corporelle escomptées par l’éleveur.
Le poulet digère aussi bien les céréales entières que broyées. Il est capable de s’adapter rapidement à un régime comportant une céréale entière, en modifiant son comportement alimentaire. La présentation physique et la composition de l’aliment complémentaire affectent la proportion de céréales consommée. Les céréales entières induisent un développement du gésier, dont les effets sur la digestion et la prévention de la coccidiose méritent d’être approfondis.
La technique du mélange est maîtrisée et appliquée dans les élevages d’Europe du nord, avec des systèmes de distribution informatisés. Il reste à valider en pratique le mode de distribution séquentiel, moins coûteux que le mélange, et à étudier l’intérêt économique réel de cette méthode d’alimentation pour l’éleveur de poulet en France.
A APOSENTADORIA DO PROFESSOR DE EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA NA LEGISLAÇÃO PREVIDENCIÁRIA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Machado Junior Wilton Antonio
Published: July 2020

O Brasil passa por momentos instáveis que acarretam desequilíbrios em todas as esferas, a política não fica fora desse cenário. O “rombo” da previdência social é um assunto reiteradamente discutido na esfera política, empresarial e pela mídia. Em função disso, nota-se a preocupação da sociedade com a sua futura aposentadoria. O objetivo deste artigo foi mostrar os requisitos e a evolução histórica da legislação em torno da aposentadoria de professor de educação básica no Regime Geral de Previdência Social. E, também, diferenciar a aposentadoria comum no Regime Geral de Previdência Social e a aposentadoria vinculada aos professores da educação básica. Como metodologia, foi adotada a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental por meio da leitura crítica de obras pertinentes ao enfrentamento do tema. Os professores de ensino básico que estão vinculados ao Regime Geral de Previdência Social e requerem a aposentadoria por tempo de contribuição tem direito a aposentadoria 5 anos antes do estipulados para os outros contribuintes; e, apenas os professores básica que exercem a profissão dentro da sala de aula, direção e assessoramento gozam do benefício de aposentadoria com a diminuição de 5 anos.
TRABALHO INFANTIL:UMA ALTERNATIVA PARA A ERRADICAÇÃO
Authors: Lopes Ribeiro Graziele , Carvalho Ramos  Varanda Ycyara
Published: July 2020

O presente trabalho, traz histórico do Trabalho infantil no Brasil, delimitando os seus fatos e eventos. Expõe-se algumas conceituações, bem como descreve-se as piores formas dessa exploração. Apresenta-se, as legislações brasileiras e Convenções internacionais ratificadas pelo Brasil, pertinentes a esta temática. Aponta-se as políticas públicas e alguns programas vigentes que visam erradicar esse tipo de labor. Por fim, conclui-se que apesar de toda legislação protetiva, programas e políticas públicas vigentes ainda existe dificuldade para erradicá-lo. Exibe-se os indicadores sociais, de renda, entre outros do Estado do Tocantins. Analisa-se os programas efetuados pela Pastoral do Menor no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, mostrando todos os seus benefícios e sugerindo a sua inserção no Estado do Tocantins.
A EPILEPSIA COMO DOENÇA INCAPACITANTE E OS CRITÉRIOS QUE IMPEDEM O ACESSO DOS EPILÉPTICOS AO AUXÍLIO-DOENÇA E À APOSENTADORIA POR INVALIDEZ NO BRASIL.
Authors: Aires Araújo Lucas , de Andrade Barbosa Igor
Published: July 2020

A fim de investigar os critérios que impedem o pleno acesso ao auxílio-doença e à aposentadoria por invalidez pelos epilépticos, em um primeiro momento, este artigo visa à apresentação dos direitos fundamentais contidos na Constituição Federal de 1988, com seus fundamentos e princípios. Com isso, posteriormente, passa-se ao estudo dos critérios para concessão dos benefícios previdenciários do tipo auxílio-doença e aposentadoria por invalidez e mais o benefício de prestação continuada (BPC), da Assistência Social. Ao final, são apontadas lacunas no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro no que diz respeito ao pleno acesso do epiléptico - pessoa com distúrbio neurológico crônico, incapaz de prover o próprio sustento - à Previdência Social e à Assistência Social, pois, por razão da ausência de dispensação de tratamento especial a estes deficientes, a rigidez dos critérios legais termina negando acesso a esses benefícios àqueles indivíduos que não se encaixam em todos os requisitos exigidos pela legislação. Ademais, ressalta-se que a conclusão deste trabalho é fruto de uma investigação científica baseada primordialmente em revisão da literatura específica e em consulta às leis brasileiras e às jurisprudências, com uma abordagem qualitativa.
INFLUENCE OF LIBRARY ACTIVITIES ON STUDENTS’ READING DYNAMISM
Authors: Vakhnina I. A. , Engalycheva (Bulgakova) E. V.
Published: July 2020

The article presents the results of research carried from 1997 up to 2018 on the basis of the scientific library of the Omsk State Technical University. A definite part of the research was done together with the Department of Library and Information Work of Dostoevsky Omsk State University: the comparative analysis of the meaning aspects of students reading (types and kinds of literature, genres and authors); reading dynamism; factors and motivations influencing the readers’ activity; regularity of visiting the library. Special role is devoted to correlation of reading books in electronic and traditional forms. Changes in authors’ preferences that depended on many factors (environment, information technologies, library activities, advertisement offers, etc.) are examined in detail due to the period under study. Social networks as a new factor influencing the junior reading are observed. An important place in the article is given to the practical activity of the scientific library of the Omsk State Technical University for to promote reading among students. The article presents an analysis of educational and leisure activities of the library, in which literary and artistic, creative, intellectual competitions and projects, library actions for students take place.  Competition for the best reading group, literary artistic projects “Word modulations” and “Tints of colors”, students’ interuniversity literature society “Poetic studio” activities and others play an important role. The results of practical researches are visualized with the help of figures (diagrams, graphs) illustrating research data. This makes it possible to identify the factors of the library activity influence on reading dynamism in the period from 1997 up to 2018, correlate common and particular in artistic preferences, youth’ scientific interests and also aims of their visiting the library.
Expression and Clinical Significance of SARS-CoV-2 Human Targets in Lung Tissues: Normal, Primary Tumor and Metastasis
Authors: Subbarayan Karthikeyan , Ulagappan Kamatchi , Wickenhauser Claudia , Seliger Barbara
Published: July 2020

The recent COVID-19 outbreak in China led to a worldwide pandemic associated with a severe acute respiratory illness. A higher incidence of COVID-19 infection was demonstrated in cancer patients, including patients with lung cancer. This study was conducted to get insights into the reasons for this enhanced frequency of COVID-19 infection. Methods: Using different bioinformatic tools, the expression and methylation pattern of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 gene were analyzed in healthy and malignant tissues with a focus on lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and correlated to clinical parameters and smoking history. Results: ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were heterogeneously expressed across 36 healthy tissues with the highest expression in digestive, urinary and reproductive organs, while their expression was significantly lower in 36 cancer tissues. In LUAD, ACE2, but not TMPRSS2 was overexpressed, which inversely correlated to the promoter methylation. An age-dependent upregulation of ACE2 expression was found in LUAD compared to normal lung tissues. In a healthy lung, TMPRSS2 expression was dependent on sex and smoking history and downregulated in LUAD of smokers. Cancer progression was associated with decreased TMPRSS2, but unaltered ACE2 expression, while ACE2 expression in lung metastases of different cancers was higher than in metastasis of other sites. TMPRSS2, but not ACE2 expression, was associated with LUAD patients’ survival. Conclusions: Comprehensive molecular analyses revealed a heterogeneous, distinct expression and methylation profile of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in healthy lung vs LUAD tissues across sex, age and smoking history, which is associated with clinical parameters and might have implications for COVID-19 disease.
Ultrametric Model for COVID-19 Dynamics: An Attempt to Explain Slow Approaching Herd Immunity in Sweden
Authors: Khrennikov Andrei
Published: July 2020

We present a model of infection dynamics that might explain slower approaching the herd immunity during the covid-19 epidemy in Sweden than it was predicted by a variety of other models; see graphs Fig. \ref{GROWTH2}. The new model takes into account the hierarchic structure of social clusters in the human society. We apply the well developed theory of random walk on the energy landscapes represented mathematically with ultrametric spaces. This theory was created for applications to spin glasses and protein dynamics. To move from one social cluster (valley) to another, the virus should cross a social barrier between them. The magnitude of a barrier depends on the number of social hierarchy's levels composing this barrier. As the most appropriate for the recent situation in Sweden, we consider linearly increasing (with respect to hierarchy's levels) barriers. This structure of barriers matches with a rather soft regulations imposed in Sweden in March 2020. In this model, the infection spreads rather easily inside a social cluster (say working collective), but jumps to other clusters are constrained by social barriers. This model's feature matches with the real situation during the covid-19 epidemy, with its cluster spreading structure. Clusters need not be determined solely geographically, they are based on a number of hierarchically ordered social coordinates. The model differs crucially from the standard models of spread of disease, such as the SIR-model. Our model describes such a specialty of spread of covid-19 virus as the presence of ``super-infectors'' who by performing a kind of random walk on a hierarchic landscape of social clusters spreads infection. In future, this model will be completed by adding the SIR-type counterpart. But, the latter is not a specialty of covid-19 spreading.
Digitalization of Animal Farming
Authors: Neethirajan Suresh
Published: July 2020

As the global human population increases, animal agriculture must adapt to provide more animal products while also addressing concerns about animal welfare, environmental sustainability, and public health. The purpose of this review is to discuss the digitalization of animal farming with Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) technologies, specifically biosensors, big data, and block chain technology. Biosensors are noninvasive or invasive sensors that monitor an animal’s health and behavior in real time, allowing farmers to monitor individual animals and integrate this data for population-level analyses. The data from the sensors is processed using big data-processing techniques such as data modelling. These technologies use algorithms to sort through large, complex data sets to provide farmers with biologically relevant and usable data. Blockchain technology allows for traceability of animal products from farm to table, a key advantage in monitoring disease outbreaks and preventing related economic losses and food-related health pandemics. With these PLF technologies, animal agriculture can become more transparent and regain consumer trust. While the digitalization of animal farming has the potential to address a number of pressing concerns, these technologies are relatively new. The implementation of PLF technologies on farms will require increased collaboration between farmers, animal scientists, and engineers to ensure that technologies can be used in realistic, on-farm conditions. These technologies will call for data models that can sort through large amounts of data while accounting for specific variables and ensuring automation, accessibility, and accuracy of data. Issues with data privacy, security, and integration will need to be addressed before there can be multi-farm databases. Lastly, the usage of blockchain technology in animal agriculture is still in its infancy; blockchain technology has the potential to improve the traceability and transparency of animal products, but more research is needed to realize its full potential. The digitalization of animal farming can supply the necessary tools to provide sustainable animal products on a global scale.
Human Attribute Recognition: A Comprehensive Survey
Authors: Yaghoubi Ehsan , Khezeli Farhad , Borza Diana , Kumar SV Aruna , Neves João , Proença Hugo
Published: July 2020

Over the last decade, the field of Human Attribute Recognition (HAR) has dramatically changed, mainly due to the improvements brought by deep learning solutions. This survey reviews the progress obtained in HAR, considering the transition from the traditional hand-crafted to deep-learning approaches. The most relevant works on the field are analyzed concerning the advances proposed to address the HAR's typical challenges. Furthermore, we outline the applications and typical evaluation metrics used in the HAR context. Finally, we provide a comprehensive review of the publicly available datasets for the development and evaluation of novel HAR approaches.
Coupling of Fibrin Reorganization and Fibronectin Patterning by Corneal Fibroblasts in Response to PDGF BB and TGFβ1
Authors: Miron-Mendoza Miguel , Vazquez Dalia , García-Rámila Nerea , Petroll W. Matthew , Ikebe Hikaru R.
Published: July 2020

We previously reported that corneal fibroblasts within 3D fibrin matrices secrete, bind, and organize fibronectin into tracks that facilitate cell spreading and migration. Other cells use these fibronectin tracks as conduits, which leads to the development of an interconnected cell/fibronectin network. In this study, we investigate how cell induced reorganization of fibrin correlates with fibronectin track formation in response to two growth factors present during wound healing: PDGF BB, which stimulates cell spreading and migration; and TGFβ1, which stimulates cellular contraction and myofibroblast transformation. Both PDGF BB and TGFb1 stimulated global fibrin matrix contraction (P < 0.005), however cell and matrix patterning were different. We found that during PDGF BB induced cell spreading, fibronectin was organized simultaneously with the generation of tractional forces at the leading edge of pseudopodia. Over time this led to the formation of an interconnected network consisting of cells, fibronectin and compacted fibrin tracks. Following culture in TGFβ1, cells were less motile, produced significant local fibrin reorganization, and formed fewer cellular connections as compared to PDGF BB (P < 0.005). Although bands of compacted fibrin tracks developed in between neighboring cells, fibronectin labeling was not generally present along these tracks, and the correlation between fibrin and fibronectin labeling was significantly less than that observed in PDGF BB (P < 0.001). Taken together, our results show that cell-induced ECM reorganization can occur independently from fibronectin patterning. Nonetheless, both events seem to be coordinated, as corneal fibroblasts in PDGF BB secrete and organize fibronectin as they preferentially spread along compacted fibrin tracks between cells, producing an interconnected network in which cells, fibronectin and compacted fibrin tracks are highly correlated. This mechanism of patterning could contribute to the formation of organized cellular networks that have been observed following corneal injury and refractive surgery.
Ink Classification in Hyperspectral Images
Authors: Bilal Muhammad , Ahmad Haris , Khizer Ali Muhammad
Published: July 2020

Hyperspectral imaging provides vital information about the objects and elements present inside the image. That’s why they are very useful in satellite imagery as well as image forensics. Hyperspectral document analysis (HSDI) can be used for document authentication using ink analysis which can provide sufficient information about the composition and type of ink. In this project, we have implemented HSDI based ink classification technique using Principle Component Analysis for dimensionality reduction and K-means clustering for ink classification. This is unsupervised learning approach and it is very simple and efficient in order to classify limited number of bands. We have used this technique to classify 33 different bands of ink.
Evaluation of Factors Governing the Use of Floating Solar System: A Study on Iran's Important Water Infrastructures
Authors: Fereshtehpour Mohammad , Javidi Sabbaghian Reza , Farrokhi Ali , Bahrami Jovein Ehsan , Ebrahimi Sarindizaj Elham
Published: July 2020

The issue of water and energy crisis have been turned into global matters which need to be tackled jointly. Accordingly, floating solar power plants, in which photovoltaic modules are used on the surface of water infrastructures, has recently been attracting much interest. This system provides some additional advantages over the ground-based system such as conserving the land and the water and increasing the efficiency of the module. This study first reviews the relevant literature comprehensively and then evaluates the potential of using floating solar photovoltaic (FSPV) on some of Iran’s water infrastructures which have experienced a large amount of evaporation every year due to high solar radiation. To this end, the five important dam reservoirs are selected as the representatives of the five important watersheds in Iran, and the advantages of the FSPV plant is analyzed in terms of energy generation, evaporation reduction, economic and environmental aspects considering different coverage percentages of reservoir’s surfaces. Considering Iran's vast potential for solar radiation, and, on the other hand, huge energy demand and critical water situation, results indicated that Iran can effectively harness solar energy through FSPV systems which help conserve the water in addition to support sustainable energy production.
Applying Convolutional-GRU for Term Deposit Likelihood Prediction
Authors: Dutta Shawni , Bandyopadhyay Samir
Published: July 2020

Banks are normally offered two kinds of deposit accounts. It consists of deposits like current/saving account and term deposits like fixed or recurring deposits. For enhancing the maximized profit from bank as well as customer perspective, term deposit can accelerate uplifting of finance fields. This paper focuses on likelihood of term deposit subscription taken by the customers. Bank campaign efforts and customer detail analysis can influence term deposit subscription chances. An automated system is approached in this paper that works towards prediction of term deposit investment possibilities in advance. This paper proposes deep learning based hybrid model that stacks Convolutional layers and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) layers as predictive model. For RNN, Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) is employed. The proposed predictive model is later compared with other benchmark classifiers such as k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN), Decision tree classifier (DT), and Multi-layer perceptron classifier (MLP). Experimental study concludes that proposed model attains an accuracy of 89.59% and MSE of 0.1041 which outperform well other baseline models.
A Note on Type 2 Degenerate Poly-Frobenius-Genocchi Polynomials
Authors: Khan Waseem A.
Published: July 2020

In [18], Kim et al. introduced the degenerate poly-Bernoulli polynomials by using polyexponential function. In this paper, we study the degenerate poly-Frobenius-Genocchi polynomials, which are called the type 2 degenerate poly-Frobenius-Genocchi polynomials, by means of polyexponential function. Then, we derive some useful relations and properties. We derive type 2 degenerate poly-Frobenius-Genocchi polynomials equal a linear combination of the degenerate Frobenius-Genocchi polynomials and Stirling numbers of the first kind. Furthermore, we introduce type 2 degenerate unipoly-Frobenius-Genocchi polynomials by means of unipoly function and derive explicit multifarious properties.
MINAT MASYARAKAT TERHADAP USAHA DELIVERY ORDER PRODUK PERTANIAN DI KOTA BANDA ACEH
Authors: Burrahmad Muji , Baihaqi Akhmad , Sariyanto Dimas , Iskandar1 Elvira
Published: July 2020

One of  the marketing strategies in the modern era that offers delivery order facility (delivery service), system implemented at the present time that can help overcome the problem of limited time to buy. This paper aims to identify the level of interest of Banda Aceh city community to the delivery order business of agricultural products, as well as factors related to the interest of the society, and also the most popular type of food agriculture product. This research was conducted in Banda Aceh city, with the object of research of Banda Aceh city society.. The results of this study indicate the interest of Banda Aceh city community to the business of order delivery of agricultural products in high interest category that is with score 30,26. Factors - factors that have a very strong and strong relationship with the interest of the community terahadap delivery business order of agricultural products that is the work, income and accuracy of delivery. Factors that have a weak relationship with the interest of the community to the delivery order of agricultural product  is delivery time, distance, price, and information. The type of food that people in Banda Aceh are interested in is food processed products of 65%.
STRATEGI PEMASARAN KERIPIK TEMPE SANAN DI KOTA MALANG BERDASARKAN METODE ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP)
Authors: Indriani Indriani , Relawati Rahayu , Windiana Livia
Published: July 2020

A good marketing strategy needs to be applied in Tempe chips business. The purpose of this investigation is how the business description Tempe chips business & determine an effective marketing strategy based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) business criteria on costs, sales value and profits. This method utilized a random sampling method with several samples studied by 23 industries. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is applied to determine between alternative kiosk strategies and consignment. The result showed that the more effective strategy was using its kiosk. Analytical Hierarchy Process analysis results produce a value of less than 1, means that the effect of CR <0.1 is a consistent assessment. The calculation at the Eigen stage provides 1 and continues for the Lamda Max calculation of 2.354 and the CI of -0.332 and continues at the final count. The final result of the calculation of CR = -1,662. So it arguably to be consistent. The perfect strategy choice is the kiosk itself, and it can be seen from the results of the analysis with the Analytical Hierarchy Process method.
A literatura de Borges e a implantação do saber jurídico: uma análise epistemológica do direito
Authors: Dobratinich Gonzalo Ana
Published: July 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo examinar a constituição e implantação da epistemologia jurídica, com base em contribuições teóricas que analisam o vínculo entre direito e literatura, especificamente a partir das ferramentas e materiais conceituais fornecidos pela obra de Jorge Luis Borges. A amplitude que permite a ligação entre os dois espaços nos convida a enfocar o estudo em torno do caráter contextual do direito. Para isso e de modo a oferecer uma análise específica, propomos uma leitura literária do conceito de "paradigma" desenvolvido pelo epistemólogo Thomas Kuhn. As categorias e instrumentos teóricos presentes na literatura de Borges permitirão uma análise jusfilosófica em torno da ideia de paradigma no direito. Esses diálogos e intercâmbios teóricos serão relevantes para tornar visível a complexidade a partir da qual se institui o conhecimento jurídico.
Dumbledore’s army: civil disobedience in “Harry Potter and The Order of the Phoenix”
Authors: Abreu Arthur Emanuel Leal , Coura Alexandre de Castro
Published: July 2020

This paper explores the connection between law and literature, considering the concept of civil disobedience as developed in the plot of the novel “Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix”. To do so, this research uses the approach of law in literature, by linking the actions of Dumbledore’s Army to the theory of civil disobedience by Dworkin. Also, the narrative is compared to the conception of civil disobedience as a fundamental right, based on the conflict between facticity and validity, as described by Habermas. Thus, the analysis identifies, in the novel, two categories of civil disobedience proposed by Dworkin, and discusses, in real life, the overlapping of disobedience based on justice and on politics, in order to identify the conditions that justify actions of civil disobedience. Besides that, this paper analyzes the tension between legality and legitimacy, considering the decisions of the Ministry of Magic and its educational decrees, which sets the school community apart from the official political power. In conclusion, the research examines the use of persuasive and non-persuasive strategies and the reach of civil disobedience’s purposes based on the actions of Harry Potter and of Dumbledore’s Army.
Women emancipation and human rights in "Husband", by Lídia Jorge
Authors: Nielsson Joice Graciele , Castro André Giovane de
Published: July 2020

In this article, we debate on the condition of women in society and their emancipation from the patriarchal system. The method used is phenomenological-hermeneutical, with qualitative approach, exploratory technique, and bibliographical procedure. The research problem is: to what extent does the domination of men manifest itself over the female subject’s body and mind with aims at hindering their empowerment through acts of violence at home? This study is justified by the need and the urgency of understanding the historical constitutions of gender identities as a social, non-natural phenomenon. The research goal is to, at first, analyze patriarchy as a mechanism of superiority for men and of subjugation, submission and subjection for women. Secondly, this paper aims at understanding women’s incorporation of patriarchal precepts as an obstacle to emancipation, confrontation and resistance to domestic violence, based on the analysis of the short story "Husband" (Marido), by Portuguese writer Lídia Jorge. In conclusion, corroborating the starting hypothesis of the article, it appears that patriarchy hinders the emancipatory potential of women and, therefore, of human rights in the face of domination and violence by men.
Gordos e despenteados: dois exemplos genealógicos de poesia burlesca sobre deputados
Authors: Jiménez Moreno Manuel de J.
Published: July 2020

No presente ensaio, é desenvolvida uma reflexão em torno de dois poemas burlescos inseridos na tradição poética mexicana da modernidade jurídico-política. Por um lado, é analisado o poema do século XIX “Un diputado de provincia”, recuperado do folclore e de caráter anônimo. Por outro lado, é examinado o poema “El diputado”, de Renato Leduc, publicado no livro Catorce poemas burocráticos y un corrido reaccionario para solaz y esparcimiento de las clases económicamente débiles (1963). Estas duas composições propõem ao leitor uma série de tópicos que as emparentam, tendo também certos traços estilísticos que as ligam. Nesse sentido, procura-se esboçar uma genealogia entre essas duas peças da lírica mexicana, necessária para o estudo sob o prisma do Direito e a Literatura da poesia cívica e política.
Institutionalized Data Quality Assessments: A Critical Pathway to Improving the Accuracy of Integrated Disease Surveillance Data in Sierra Leone
Authors: Njuguna Charles Kuria , Vandi Mohamed , Mugagga Malimbo , Kanu Joseph , Liyosi Evans , Chimbaru Alexander , Gachari Wilson , Caulker Victor , Sesay Stephen , Githuku Jane , Yoti Zabulon , Yahaya Ali Ahmed , Talisuna Ambrose , Fall Ibrahima Socé
Published: July 2020

Background Public health agencies require valid, timely and complete health information for early detection of outbreaks. Towards the end of the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in 2015, the Ministry of Health and Sanitation (MoHS), Sierra Leone revitalized the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response System (IDSR). Data quality assessments were conducted to monitor accuracy of IDSR data. Methods Starting 2016, data quality assessments (DQA) were conducted in randomly selected health facilities. Structured electronic checklist was used to interview district health management teams (DHMT) and health facility staff. We used malaria data, to assess data accuracy as malaria was endemic in Sierra Leone. Verification factors (VF) calculated as the ratio of verified malaria cases in health facility registers to the number of malaria cases in the national health information database, were used to assess data accuracy. Allowing a 5% margin of error, VF <95% were considered over reporting while VF >105 was underreporting. Differences in the proportion of accurate reports at baseline and subsequent assessments were compared using Z-test for two proportions. Results Between 2016 -2018, four DQA were conducted in 444 health facilities where 1,729 IDSR reports were reviewed. Registers and IDSR technical guidelines were available in health facilities and health care workers were conversant with reporting requirements. Overall data accuracy improved from over- reporting of 4.7% (VF 95.3%) in 2016 to under-reporting of 0.2% (VF 100.2%) in 2018. Compared to 2016, proportion of accurate IDSR reports increased by 14.8 % (95% CI 7.2%, 22.3%) in May 2017 and 19.5% (95% CI 12.5% -26.5%) by 2018. Over reporting was more common in private clinics and not- for profit facilities while under-reporting was more common in lower level government health facilities. Leading reasons for data discrepancies included counting errors in 358 (80.6%) health facilities and missing source documents in 47 (10.6%) health facilities. Conclusion This is the first attempt to institutionalize routine monitoring of IDSR data quality in Sierra Leone. Regular data quality assessments may have contributed to improved data accuracy over time. Data compilation errors accounted for most discrepancies and should be minimized to improve accuracy of IDSR data.
Dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin, a novel nuclear factor-kB inhibitor, prevents the development of cyclosporine A nephrotoxicity in a rat model
Authors: Morita Shinya , Shinoda Kazunobu , Yoshida Tadashi , Shimoda Masayuki , Kanno Yoshihiko , Mizuno Ryuichi , Kono Hidaka , Asanuma Hiroshi , Nakagawa Ken , Umezawa Kazuo , Oya Mototsugu
Published: July 2020

Background: Cyclosporine A (CsA) is an essential immunosuppressant in organ transplantation. However, its chronic nephrotoxicity is an obstacle to long allograft survival that has not been overcome. Nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) is activated in the renal tissue in CsA nephropathy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of the specific NF-kB inhibitor, dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ), in a rat model of CsA nephrotoxicity. Methods: We administered CsA (15 mg/kg) daily for 28 days to Sprague-Dawley rats that underwent 5/6 nephrectomy under a low-salt diet. We administered DHMEQ (8 mg/kg) simultaneously with CsA to the treatment group, daily for 28 days and evaluated its effect on CsA nephrotoxicity. Results: DHMEQ significantly inhibited NF-kB activation and nuclear translocation due to CsA treatment. Elevated serum urea nitrogen and creatinine levels due to repeated CsA administration were significantly decreased by DHMEQ treatment (serum urea nitrogen in CsA + DHMEQ vs CsA vs control, 69 ± 6.4 vs 113.5 ± 8.8 vs 43.1 ± 1.1 mg/dL, respectively, p < 0.0001; serum creatinine in CsA + DHMEQ vs CsA vs control, 0.75 ± 0.02 vs 0.91 ± 0.02 vs 0.49 ± 0.02 mg/dL, respectively, p < 0.0001), and creatinine clearance was restored in the treatment group (CsA + DHMEQ vs CsA vs control, 2.57 ± 0.09 vs 1.94 ± 0.12 vs 4.61 ± 0.18 ml/min/kg, respectively, p < 0.0001). However, DHMEQ treatment did not alter the inhibitory effect of CsA on urinary protein secretion. The development of renal fibrosis due to chronic CsA nephrotoxicity was significantly inhibited by DHMEQ treatment (CsA + DHMEQ vs CsA vs control, 13.4 ± 7.1 vs 35.6 ± 18.4 vs 9.4 ± 5.4%, respectively, p < 0.0001), and these results reflected the results of renal functional assessment. DHMEQ treatment also had an inhibitory effect on the increased expression of chemokines, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and chemokine (c-c motif) ligand 5 due to repeated CsA administration, which inhibited the infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils into the renal tissue.Conclusions: These findings suggest that DHMEQ treatment in combination therapy with CsA-based immunosuppression is beneficial to prevent the development of CsA-induced nephrotoxicity.
Clinically compatible differentiation protocol for human pluripotent stem cell-derived dopaminergic progenitor cells
Authors: Doi Daisuke , Kikuchi Tetsuhiro , Morizane Asuka , Takahashi Jun
Published: July 2020

Cell replacement therapy with human pluripotent stem cells has the potential to be a new therapy for Parkinson’s disease (PD). This protocol induces human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to dopaminergic progenitor cells (DAPs) as clinically compatible donor cells in 30 days. The protocol includes starting with high density culture, cell sorting by using a cell surface marker for floor plate, and a maturation culture to form floating aggregates. The DAPs differentiated with this protocol were used in a pre-clinical tumorigenicity and efficacy study aiming for approval to start a clinical trial in Japan.
Gender difference in the association between cough severity and quality of life among patients with postinfectious cough
Authors: Liu Wei , Wu Qinqin , Mao Bing , Jiang Hongli
Published: July 2020

Background: Despite close link exists between cough severity and quality of life (QoL), whether gender difference is implied in the effect of cough on QoL has not been studied yet. This study primarily aims to investigate whether the association between cough severity and QoL is modified by gender in patients with postinfectious cough.Methods: Secondary analyses were performed in 180 participants with postinfectious cough in a multisite randomized controlled trial. Baseline demographics, clinical characteristics and score of cough specific quality of life questionnaire (CQLQ) were collected. Linear regression analyses were conducted to examine gender difference in CQLQ score and the association between cough severity and CQLQ score.Results: Difference between women and men was not significant in CQLQ total score in the unadjusted analysis (P = 0.077). Women had 2.20-point higher CQLQ total score than men (0.11 to 4.30, P = 0.039), after adjusting for age, cough duration, cough severity, and clinical center. Gender significantly modified the association between cough severity and CQLQ total score (coefficient 1.80, 95% confidence interval, 0.29 to 3.30; P = 0.020), after adjusting for age, cough duration, and study center. An increase of 1-point in cough severity was associated with a 2.55-point (1.16 to 3.95) increase in CQLQ total score in women versus a 1.26-point (0.20 to 2.31) increase in men (P = 0.020). Conclusions: Female sex may be associated with worse QoL than men, and women’s QoL may be more significantly impaired as cough symptom deteriorates. Gender difference should be taken into account in the clinical settings and research of cough and cough related QoL.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTRTRC12002297. Registered 19 June 2012, http://www.chictr.org.cn/abouten.aspx.
Adjuvant Transarterial Chemoembolization does not Influence Recurrence-free and Overall survivals for Patients with Combined Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Cholangiocarcinoma after Curative Resection: a Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Liu Wei-Ren , Tian Meng-Xin , Tao Chen-Yang , Tang Zheng , Zhou Yu-Fu , Song Shu-Shu , Jiang Xi-Fei , Wang Han , Zhou Pei-Yun , Qu Wei-Feng , Fang Yuan , Ding Zhen-Bin , Zhou Jian , Fan Jia , Shi Ying-Hong
Published: July 2020

Background: The prognosis of patients with combined hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CHC) is usually poor, and effective adjuvant therapy is missing making it important to investigate whether these patients may benefit from adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). We aimed to evaluate the efficiency of adjuvant TACE for long-term recurrence and survival after curative resection before and after propensity score matching (PSM) analysis.Methods: In this retrospective study, of 230 patients who underwent resection for CHC between January 1994 and December 2014, 46 (18.0%) patients received adjuvant TACE. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to identify the independent predictive factors of survival. Cox regression analyses and log-rank tests were used to compare overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) between patients who did or did not receive adjuvant TACE.Results: A total of 230 patients (mean age 52.2±11.9 years; 172 men) were enrolled, and 46 (mean age 52.7±11.1 years; 38 men) patients received TACE. Before PSM, in multivariate regression analysis, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT), tumour nodularity, macrovascular invasion (MVI), lymphoid metastasis, and extrahepatic metastasis were associated with OS. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), MVI, lymphoid metastasis, and preventive TACE (HR: 2.763, 95% CI: 1.769-4.314, p <0.001) were independent prognostic factors for DFS. PSM created 46 pairs of patients. Before PSM, adjuvant preventive TACE was not associated with an increased risk of OS (HR: 0.911, 95% CI: 0.545-1.520, p =0.720) or DFS (HR: 3.345, 95% CI: 1.686-6.638, p =0.001). After PSM, the 5-year OS and DFS rates were comparable in the TACE group and the non-TACE group (OS: 22.7% vs 14.9%, respectively, p =0.75; DFS: 11.2% vs 14.4%, respectively, p =0.06).Conclusions: The present study identified that adjuvant preventive TACE did not influence DFS or OS after curative resection of CHC.
Transcriptome-based Selection and Validation of Optimal House-keeping Genes for Skin Research in Goats (Capra hircus)
Authors: Zhang Jipan , Deng Chengchen , Li Jialu , Zhao Yong-Ju
Published: July 2020

Background: In Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) experiments, accurate and reliable target gene expression data is dependent on optimal amplification of house-keeping genes (HKGs). RNA-seq technology offers a novel approach to detect new HKGs with improved stability. Goat (Capra hircus) is an economically important livestock species and plays an indispensable role in the world animal fiber and meat industry. Unfortunately, uniform and reliable HKGs for use in goat skin research have not been identified. Therefore, this study seeks to identify a set of stable HKGs for the skin tissue of C. hircus using high-throughput sequencing technology.Results: Based on the transcriptome dataset of 39 goat skin tissue samples, 8 genes (SRP68, NCBP3, RRAGA, EIF4H, CTBP2, PTPRA, CNBP, and EEF2) with relatively stable expression levels were identified and selected as new candidate HKGs. Commonly used HKGs including SDHA and YWHAZ from a previous study, and 2 conventional genes (ACTB and GAPDH) were also examined. Four different experimental variables: (1) different development stages, (2) hair follicle cycle stages, (3) breeds and (4) sampling sites, were used for determination and validation. Four algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and ΔCt method) and a comprehensive algorithm (ComprFinder, developed in-house) were used to assess the stability of each HKG. It was shown that NCBP3+SDHA+PTPRA were more stably expressed than previously used genes in all conditions analyzed, and that this combination was effective at normalizing target gene expression. Moreover, a new algorithm for comprehensive analysis, ComprFinder, was developed and released.Conclusion: This study presents the first data of candidate HKGs for C. hircus skin tissues based on an RNA-seq dataset. We propose that the NCBP3+SDHA+PTPRA combination be used as a triplet set of HKGs in skin molecular biology experiments in C. hircus and other closely related species to standardize analyses across studies. In addition, we also encourage researchers who perform candidate HKG evaluations and who have the need for comprehensive analysis to adopt our new algorithm, ComprFinder.
Recent epidemiology of patients with Gastro-Entero-Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (GEP-NEN) in Japan: a population-based study
Authors: Masui Toshihiko , Ito Tetsuhide , Komoto Izumi , Uemoto Shinji
Published: July 2020

Background: The worldwide prevalence and incidence of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) have been increasing recently, although few studies have analyzed data on the current situation of NENs in Japan. Here, the Japan Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (JNETS) planned to investigate the recent incidence and distribution of these tumors using data from the national cancer registry started in 2016. This study examined the incidence and distribution of primary sites as well as disease progression from this population-based registry. Methods: A retrospective, population-based study using data from the national cancer registry in Japan (NCR) was conducted to evaluate patients with gastro-entero-pancreatic NEN (GEP-NEN) in 2016. Associated population data were used to determine annual age-adjusted incidences. Results: A total of 6735 individuals were diagnosed with GEP-NEN in Japan in 2016. Annual onset incidence was 0.70/100,000 for pancreatic NEN and 2.84/100,000 for gastrointestinal NEN. NEN in the ileum accounted for only 1% of total GEP-NENs in Japan. Most NENs in the esophagus or lungs were neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs), while the majority of those in the duodenum, ileum, appendix and rectum were grade 1 neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Median age at initial diagnosis was in between 60 to 65. Initial progression of the tumor was mostly limited to local for tumors in the duodenum, appendix and rectum, while those in the esophagus, stomach and colon tended to show distant metastasis. In Japan, initial treatment for GEP-NENs was resection even if the tumor was NEC.Conclusions: This is the first report of a national registry-based incidence and distribution of GEP-NEN in Japan. These data will serve as an important first step to determining the exact etiology and trends for this pathology in Japan.