bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penetapan Kadar Metilparaben dan Propilparaben dalam Hand and Body Lotion secara High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Dhurhania Crescentiana Emy
Published: December 2019

Metilparaben dan Propilparaben merupakan bahan antibakteri dan antifungi yang efektif. Banyak produk kosmetik menggunakan  metilparaben dan propilparaben sebagai bahan pengawet, salah satunya adalah hand and body lotion. Keputusan Kepala Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (POM) Republik Indonesia No.HK.00.05.1745, tanggal 5 Mei 2003 tentang kosmetik menyebutkan bahwa batas maksimum kadar metilparaben dan propilparaben adalah 0,4 % sebagai pengawet tunggal dan 0,8 % sebagai pengawet campuran. Namun berdasarkan pengamatan penulis, produsen hand and body lotion tidak mencantumkan kadar metilparaben dan propilparaben pada labelnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kadar metilparaben dan propilparaben yang digunakan dalam hand and body lotion dan untuk mengetahui apakah kadar tersebut memenuhi persyaratan yang ditentukan.  Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian non eksperimental deskriptif, menggunakan metode High Performance Liquid Chomatography (HPLC) fase terbalik dengan kolom Water Novopac C18, fase gerak metanol : akuabides (4:6), kecepatan alir 1,2 ml/menit, dan detektor UV 257 nm. Parameter yang digunakan untuk menyatakan validitas metode analisis adalah selektivitas, akurasi, presisi, linieritas, batas deteksi dan batas kuantitasi. Hasil validasi metode analisis menunjukkan bahwa metode HPLC dapat dinyatakan valid untuk analisis metilparaben dan propilparaben dalam hand and body lotion.  Berdasarkan analisis hasil yang dilakukan pada taraf kepercayaan 95 %, diperoleh bahwa ketiga hand and body lotion yang digunakan pada penelitian ini mengandung metilparaben dan propilparaben dengan kadar rata-rata sebagai berikut : sampel merk “A” adalah (0,24 ± 0,003)%;merk “B” adalah (0,19 ± 0,004)%; dan merk “C” adalah (0,08 ± 0,001) % untuk propilparaben. Dengan demikian kadar metilparaben dan propilparaben dalam ketiga merk hand and body lotion, baik dinyatakan sebagai kadar masing-masing maupun kadar jumlah, masih memenuhi persyaratan yang telah ditentukan oleh Badan POM.
KINETIC SOLUBILITY OF FISETIN NANOCRYSTAL
Authors: Dzakwan Muhammad
Published: December 2019

Background: Fisetin (3,3,4,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) is a natural antioxidanthaspoor solubility leads to poorbioavailability and limits its development. Fisetinnanocrystals were produced by nanoprecipitation technique and transformed into dry powder by lyophilisation. Objective: The aim of the study is to investigate the kinetic solubility of fisetinafter produced into nanocrystals. Methods: Fisetin nanocrystalswere prepared by nanoprecipitationwith different proportion of stabilizers and transformed into dry powder by lyophilization. In a period of 1 week, the kinetic solubility was determined using a shaker water bath at 37OC. Result: Showed fisetin nanocrystals were almost completely dissolved within 15 min in water and buffer pH 1,2. In contras, only 55% of fisetin raw material at the same condition. Conlusions: Lyophilizedfisetinnanocrystals could be re-dispersed completely in water, buffer pH 1,2 and the kinetic solubility in water increased to 420 ηg/ml.
Pentingnya Interaksi Hidrogen Dengan Nitrogen Backbone Di Situs FS918 Pada VEGFR2 Berdasarkan Analisis 31 Struktur Kristal VEGFR2
Authors: Maranantan Fandriastika
Published: December 2019

Dilakukan pengamatan interaksi polar terhadap 31 struktur kristal VEGFR2 menggunakan PyMOL 1.2r1. Interaksi yang terlihat berupa interaksi langsung dan tak langsung. Dari hasil pengamatan visual terlihat bahwa interaksi langsung backbone nitrogen di situs FS918 merupakan interaksi penting karena sekitar 87% dari seluruh struktur kristal VEGFR2 memiliki interaksi tersebut (dari 31 struktur kristal hanya 4 yang tidak memiliki interaksi tersebut)
Tinjauan Pola Penggunaan Antibiotik Pada Pasien Anak Demam Tifoid di Instalasi Rawat Inap RSUP dr. Kariadi Semarang Tahun 2009
Authors: Anggraini Truly Dian
Published: December 2019

Demam tifoid termasuk salah satu penyakit infeksi yang banyak ditemukan di negara berkembang dengan kepadatan penduduk tinggi serta kesehatan lingkungan yang rendah. Berdasarkan laporan WHO disebutkan bahwa Indonesia merupakan salah satu Negara dengan angka kejadian demam tifoid yang tinggi, yaitu >100 per 100.000 penduduk per tahun. Studi epidemiologi baru-baru ini menunjukkan mulai adanya resiko multi drug resisten (MDR) pada penggunaan antibiotik untuk pengobatan demam tifoid sehingga penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pola penggunaan antibiotik pada pasien anak demam tifoid di instalasi rawat inap RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang pada tahun 2009. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian non eksperimental. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara retrospektif dari data rekam medik pasien. Sebanyak 100 sampel diperoleh, dan hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif non analitik. Pola penggunaan antibiotik untuk demam tifoid dilihat melalui golongan antibiotik yang digunakan, ada tidaknya penggantian antibiotik selama terapi, kombinasi antibiotik yang diberikan, cara pemberian, lama pemberian antibiotik, efek samping antibiotik, dan interaksi obat yang terjadi akibat penggunaan antibiotik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada periode tahun 2009 di instalasi rawat inap RSUP Dr. Kariadi demam tifoid didominasi oleh pasien laki-laki pada rentang usia 6-10 tahun. Golongan antibiotik yang paling banyak digunakan adalah dari golongan sefalosporin sebesar 55,22%, dari 100 kasus 35 diantaranya mengalami penggantian antibiotik, penggunaan kombinasi antibiotik sebesar 50%, sediaan antibiotik lebih banyak diberikan dalam bentuk injeksi dan untuk lama pemberian antibiotik terdapat ketidaksesuaian lama pemberian antibiotik pada pasien dengan yang tercantum pada Standar Prosedur Operasional yaitu jauh lebih singkat.
Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Kombinasi Ekstrak Sarang Semut ( Myrmecodia Pendans) dan Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata) dengan Metode DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhidrazyl)
Authors: Wimpy Wimpy , Suharyanto Suharyanto
Published: December 2019

Radikal bebas adalah suatu senyawa atau molekul yang mengandung satu atau lebih elektron tidak berpasangan pada orbital luarnya sehingga menyebabkan senyawa tersebut sangat reaktif mencari pasangannya dengan cara menyerang dan mengikat elektron molekul yang berada di sekitarnya. Akibat kerja radikal bebas adalah gangguan fungsi sel, kerusakan struktur sel, bahkan mutasi.Antioksidan merupakan senyawa yang dapat menghambat oksigen reaktif dan radikal bebas dalam tubuh.Senyawa flavonoid di dalam daun sirsak dan sarang semut berperan sebagai anti oksidan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji aktivitas antioksidan kombinasi ekstrak sarang semut (Myrmecodia Pendans) dan Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata) dengan metode DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhidrazyl). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan desain analitik eksperimental.Tempat untuk mendapatkan ekstrak dan uji aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan di laboratorium Kimia Akademi Analis Kesehatan Nasional Surakarta.Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2014. Hasil penelitian didapatkan, rendemen hasil ekstraksi teknik maserasi, semua fraksi terdeteksi adanya Alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin dan Tanin, fraksi air sarang semut mempunyai IC50sebesar 76,64 ppm sedang fraksi butanol sebesar 76,82 ppm, kombinasi ekstrak sarang semut dan ekstrak daun sirsak (1:1) mempunyai IC50 sebesar 71,09 ppm, fraksi air daun sirsak mempunyai IC50 73,48 ppm sedang fraksi butanol memiliki IC50  99,70 ppm sehingga fraksi air lebih baik dibandingkan fraksi butanol. Kombinasi ekstrak sarang semut dengan daun sirsak dengan perbandingan 1:1 memiliki aktifitas antioksidan lebih baik dari bentuk tunggalnya.
Metode Ekstraksi Sarang Semut (Myrmecodia Pendans) dengan Teknik Maserasi untuk Menghasilkan Obat Alternatif Kanker Paru
Authors: Suharyanto Suharyanto
Published: December 2019

Kanker adalah pertumbuhan sel pada berbagai jaringan dalam tubuh, sebagian besar tumbuh pada jaringan sel induknya.Setiap tahun dijumpai hampir 6 juta penderita baru yang diketahui mengidap kanker, dan lebih dari 4 juta diantaranya meninggal. Sampai saat ini pengobatan kanker dilakukan dengan 3 cara yaitu radiasi, pembedahan dan pengobatan menggunakan bahan kimia anti kanker.   Akan tetapi ketiga pengobatan sebagaian besar memberikan efek samping terhadap pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan  untuk melakukan serangkaian uji pra klinis untuk menentukan dosis yang optimal Sarangsemut    (Myrmecodia pendens )yang dapat digunakan sebagai obat kanker paru. Tujuan khusus  dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan ekstraksi umbi Sarangsemut (Myrmecodia pendens)  untuk menghasilkan obat alternatif kanker. Manfaat penelitian ini adalah dapat digunakan secara langsung oleh masyarakat  sebagai obat herbal untuk terapi kanker. Uji ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan tikus putih yang diinduksi dengan DMBA (Dimethylbens (a) anthracene ) dengahn dosis 20mg/kgBB sebanyak 10 kali  sebagai model . Terapi dilakukan dengan menginduksi ekstraks Sarangsemut  dengan dosis 250 mg/kgBB, 500mg/kgBB dan 750mg/kgBB. Berdasarkan uji Histopatologi dapat disimpulkan  bahwa sel yang mengalami kerusakan akibat penambahan DMBA dapat diperbaiki dengan ekstrak Sarangsemut dosis 750 mg/kgBB
Latihan Squat dengan Progressive Resistance Exercise (PRE) untuk Penderita Osteoarthritis (OA)
Authors: Dyah K Warih Anjari
Published: December 2019

AbstractPenderita Osteoarthritis mempunyai keluhan nyeri sendi yang khas yaitu nyeri yang bertambah berat pada waktu menopang berat badan atau saat aktifitas, rasa kaku pada waktu pagi serta rasa pegal bila sendi lama diistirahatkan. Pada pemeriksaan fisik ditemukan nyeri tekan, krepitasi dengan atau tanpa keterbatasan gerak sendi. Penderita Osteoarthritis ekstremitas bawah dapat mengalami keterbatasan dalam aktifitas sehari-hari seperti berjalan, mandi, berpakaian, menggunakan toilet, dan mengerjakan pekerjaan rumah tangga. Kelemahan otot quadriceps merupakan keadaan yang sering dijumpai pada pasien Osteoarthritis lutut yang kemudian akan menjurus pada disused atropi hal ini diakibatkan oleh kurangnya penggunaan otot tersebut pada sisi lutut yang sakit.  Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh kedua latihan terhadap penderita Osteoarthritis. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Pre and Post Test with Control Group Design.  Hasil menunjukkan nilai signifikansi baik pada kelompok squat exercise dan progressive resistance exercise terhadap peningkatan aktifitas fungsional pada Osteoarthritis lutut semua bernilai p <0,05 menunjukkan bahwa Close kinetic chain (p= 0,00) dan Progressive Resistance Exercise (p= 0,001) sama-sama berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan aktifitas fungsional pada Osteoarthritis lutut. Ada perbedaan pengaruh latihan Squat dengan progressive resistance exercise dalam meningkatkan aktifitas fungsional pada penderita Osteoarthritis lutut
Pemilihan Pemimpin dalam Naskah Cerita Sri Narendra Raja Bahrul Alam Ditinjau melalui Perspektif Islam
Authors: Fajrin Farrah Haida
Published: December 2019

Tulisan ini merupakan hasil penelitian yang objek kajiannya adalah Naskah Cerita Sri Narѐndra Raja Bahrul Alam (selanjutnya disingkat SN). Dalam tulisan ini akan dibahas mengenai wujud fisik dari naskah dan isi yang terkandung dalam naskah tersebut. Teks SN menceritakan tentang proses pemilihan pemimpin hal ini dapat disimpulkan setelah menggunakan struktur aktan yang kemudian ditinjau dari perspektif Islam. Hal ini dilakukan karena poin-poin yang dijadikan sebagai kriteria dalam memilih seorang pemimpin dalam naskah tersebut tercantum pada suatu karya yang cukup populer yaitu Al-Ahkam As-sulthaniyah karya Imam Mawardi meskipun dalam penyajiannya sangat berbeda.
Naskah Samarkandi Bab Shalat: Makna Shalat Dalam Perspektif Tasawuf
Authors: Primasari Nurhayati
Published: December 2019

Salah satu bentuk tulisan tangan hasil dari buah tangan Indonesia adalah naskah yang berjudul  Naskah Samarqandi Bab Shalat yang ditulis di Betawi sekitar abad ke-19. Dalam naskah halaman pertama dijelaskan bahwa naskah Samarkandi ini adalah milik Tuan Al-Faris, kemudian murid beliau seorang anak Cirebon yang sedang belajar di Betawi bernama Enci’ Du’ Aljabar menyalin kitab ini sebagai sarana untuk belajar menulis karena takut dikira pemalas. Diakhir pembukaannya dalam surat Enci’ pun meminta maaf kepada pembaca apabila tulisannya seperti cakar hayam. Pembahasan pada bab ini membahas tentang hakikat shalat dan maknanya dari beberapa pendapat, diantaranya pendapat ahli haqiqah, ahli ma’rifat, ahli tafsir dan sebagian dari Pandit. Dalam naskah, shalat tidak hanya sekedar terpenuhinya syarat-syarat dan rukun yang telah ditentukan, tetapi maknanya lebih kepada hubungan antara makhluk dan penciptaNya, dan makhluk dengan alam sekitarnya, apa ganjaran dari shalat yang sempurna dan bagaimana shalat ditasybihkan dengan hal-hal yang ada di alam ini.Naskah ini hadir dengan menggunakan bahasa melayu dengan aksara jawi (pegon), yang merupakan salah satu koleksi British Librarydengan kode naskah MSS Malay C 7.
Kisah Fir’aun dan Nabi Musa pada Naskah Maslaku Al-‘Irfān Fī Sīrati Sayyidinā Mūsā Wafir’awn: Edisi Teks dan Kajian Resepsi
Authors: Setiawan Tia Rizki , Ma'mun Titin Nurhayati , Hazbini Hazbini
Published: December 2019

Pesantren sebagai lembaga pendidikan formal telah banyak mewarnai bentuk-bentuk tradisi yang bersendikan keislaman di Tatar Sunda sejak sekitar abad ke tujuh belas dan delapan belas Masehi (Darsa, 2015:71). Salah satu produk dari pesantren adalah naskah-naskah keislaman yang ditulis dengan aksara Pegon. Salah satu pesantren di Tatar Sunda yang terkenal dengan karya-karyanya, yakni Pesantren Gentur, Desa Jambudipa, Kecamatan Warungkondang, Cianjur. Naskah Maslaku al-‘Irfān Fī Sīrati Sayyidinā Mūsā Wa Fir’aun merupakan salah satu produk pesantren tersebut yang hendak penulis jadikan sebagai objek penelitian. Adanya perbedaan isi antara kisah yang terdapat pada naskah MI dengan Al-Qur’an, salah satunya yakni seperti yang kita ketahui pada Al-Qur’an kisah Nabi Musa dengan Fir’aun tidak diceritakan dari awal, seperti asal-usul Fir’aun, sedangkan pada naskah MI awal mula kisahan menceritakan asal-usul Fir’aun, yakni terlahir dari pasangan suami istri yang tidak mensyukuri apa yang telah Allah beri, mereka iri terhadap binatang. Kemudian pada Al-Qur’an pun dijelaskan bahwa Fir’aun itu bukan hanya satu orang melainkan sebuah gelar raja, sedangkan pada naskah MI Fir’aun hanya satu orang dan merupakan sebuah nama bukan gelar. Perbedaan tersebut menunjukan persepsi si penulis atau penyalin naskah MI yang bersuku Sunda terhadap isi dari Al-Qur’an. Penulis menambahkan unsur rekaan cerita agar kisahan tersebut mudah dipahami dan makna serta tujuannya dapat tercapai. Dalam hal ini, penulis akan terlebih dahulu melakukan penelitian dengan cara metode kajian filologis yaitu metode kajian naskah (kodikologi) dan kajian teks (tekstologi). Selanjutnya akan dilakukan analisis isi dengan teori resepsi untuk mengetahui transformasi persepsi pembaca naskah, di mana pembaca disini adalah si pengarang naskah ini sendiri sebab pengarang membaca kisah Fir’aun dan Nabi Musa dari sumber bacaan lainnya.
The Influence of the Void Environment on the Ratio of Dark Matter Halo Mass to Stellar Mass in SDSS MaNGA Galaxies
Authors: Douglass Kelly A. , Smith Jacob A. , Demina Regina
Published: December 2019

We study how the void environment affects the formation and evolution of galaxies in the universe by comparing the ratio of dark matter halo mass to stellar mass of galaxies in voids with galaxies in denser regions. Using spectroscopic observations from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey MaNGA DR15, we estimate the dark matter halo mass of 641 void galaxies and 937 galaxies in denser regions. We use the relative velocities of the Hα emission line across the galaxy’s surface to measure the rotation curve of each galaxy because the kinematics of the interstellar medium is smoother than the stellar kinematics. We find that neither the stellar-to-halo-mass relation nor the relationship between the gas-phase metallicity and the ratio of dark matter halo mass to stellar mass is affected by the void environment. We also observe no difference in the distribution of the ratio of dark matter halo mass to stellar mass between void galaxies and galaxies in denser regions, implying that the shape of the dark matter halo profile is independent of a galaxy’s environment.
An illustrated catalogue of Rudolf Sturany’s type specimens in the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Austria (NHMW): Red Sea bivalves
Authors: Albano Paolo G. , Schnedl Sara-Maria , Janssen Ronald , Eschner Anita
Published: December 2019

Rudolf Sturany, the curator of molluscs of the Natural History Museum of Vienna between the late 19th and early 20th century described 21 species of bivalves from the Red Sea collected by the pioneering expeditions of the vessel “Pola” which took place between 1895 and 1898. We here list and illustrate the type material of these species, provide the original descriptions, a translation into English, and curatorial and taxonomic comments. All species are illustrated in colour and with SEM imaging. To stabilize the nomenclature, we designate lectotypes for Gastrochaena weinkauffi, Cuspidaria brachyrhynchus, and C. dissociata, whose type series contained specimens belonging to other species. This paper concludes the series on the type specimens of marine molluscs described by Sturany from the “Pola” expeditions.
L’indicible comme principe paradigme néoplatonicien de l’apophatisme
Authors: Casas Ghislain
Published: December 2019

À partir d’une lecture de Damascius et de Proclus, nous nous proposons de reconstruire un paradigme de l’apophatisme néoplatonicien afin de montrer que ce qui y est en jeu n’est pas tant la séparation entre le langage et un principe qui le transcende, qu’un partage interne au langage entre ce qui peut être dit et ce qui ne peut pas l’être – qui vise à fonder le langage sur l’indicible. En restituant ainsi à l’indicibilité son rôle de principe, nous souhaiterions éclairer le sens du geste apophatique, jusque dans ses versions contemporaines, afin de le mettre éventuellement en question.
Les jeux politiques du calcul
Authors: Demortain David
Published: December 2019

Une diversité de contextes et de modes de quantification dans les sociétés contemporaines ont aujourd’hui été explorés, grâce aux œuvres majeures, notamment, d’Alain Desrosières. Cette introduction au numéro spécial de la Revue d’anthropologie des connaissances sur les jeux politiques du calcul note l’écart qui subsiste entre différentes littératures de sociologie politique de la quantification – celle qui insiste sur la gouvernementalité qu’elle incarne et la discipline qu’elle instaure, l’autre qui prête attention aux capacités de mobilisation collective qu’elle offre. L’action publique est proposée comme terrain d’étude pour comprendre comment s’articulent ces deux régimes politiques de quantification et évaluer dans quelle mesure des acteurs externes aux réseaux qui contrôlent les politiques publiques peuvent influencer ces dernières en recalculant tant les problèmes pris en charge que les effets des programmes d’action publique. Croisant sociologie des sciences et des techniques et sociologie politique, ces pages font l’hypothèse que le calcul est une des modalités de construction de coalitions dans l’action publique, et un des objets de ce qui se débat dans ses arènes. De ce fait aussi, l’action publique est un des contextes dans lesquels se forgent les formes contemporaines du calcul et s’inventent ses algorithmes.
The politics of calculation
Authors: Demortain David
Published: December 2019

A diversity of modes of quantification in contemporary societies have now been explored, following the path of scholars who inspired this field, such as Alain Desrosières. This introduction to the special issue of the Revue d'Anthropologie des Connaissances on the politics of calculation argues that there remains a gap between different strains of the sociology of quantification - one that emphasizes the governmentality it embodies and the discipline it establishes, the other that pays attention to the collective mobilization capacities it offers. It is suggested that public policy and governance is a good field of investigation, to understand how these two “regimes of quantification” are articulated together, and evaluate the extent to which actors external to the networks that control public policies can influence them by recalculating both the problems addressed and the effects of policy programs. Combining the sociology of science and technology and political sociology, this special issue thus hypothesizes that calculation is one of the ways of building coalitions in governance, and one of the objects of what is being debated in its arenas; and, conversely, that governance is one of the contexts in which contemporary forms of calculation are forged and algorithms invented.
Los juegos políticos del cálculo
Authors: Demortain David
Published: December 2019

La diversidad de modos de cuantificación en las sociedades contemporáneas ha sido explorada gracias a las grandes obras, en particular de Alain Desrosières. Esta introducción al número especial de la Revue d'Anthropologie des Connaissances sobre los juegos políticos de cálculo señala la brecha que sigue existiendo entre las diferentes literaturas de la sociología política de la cuantificación, una que enfatiza el carácter gubernamental que encarna y la disciplina que establece, la otra que presta atención a las capacidades de movilización colectiva que ofrece. La acción pública se propone como un campo de estudio para entender cómo se articulan estos dos regímenes políticos de cuantificación, y para evaluar en qué medida los actores externos a las redes que controlan las políticas públicas pueden influir en ellas, recalculando tanto los problemas abordados como los efectos de los programas de acción pública. Combinando la sociología de la ciencia y la tecnología y la sociología política, plantea la hipótesis de que el cálculo es una de las formas de construir coaliciones en la acción pública, y uno de los objetos debatidos en sus escenarios. Como resultado, la acción pública es uno de los contextos en los que se forjan las formas contemporáneas de cálculo y se inventan los algoritmos.
Aplicación de un modelo Lean-BIM para la mejora de la productividad en redacción de proyectos de edificación
Authors: Latorre Uriz A. , Sanz C. , Sánchez B.
Published: December 2019

El presente trabajo propone un modelo para la mejora del rendimiento de la redacción de proyectos de edificación en BIM. La productividad del sector de la construcción es una materia que preocupa y genera debates acerca del modelo de producción adecuado para mejorar su rendimiento. Si se compara el nivel de productividad de la construcción con otros sectores, tales como la industria o el automóvil, resulta bajo, y la evolución de los últimos años evidencia un incremento de esta diferencia.

Se presenta un modelo que combina el uso de la filosofía Lean mediante la aplicación de Lean Construction, y la metodología BIM, fruto de una revisión bibliográfica y la investigación realizada por los autores. El modelo se testa en 6 casos de estudios, para posteriormente ser validado mediante técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas.
Otolith elemental composition reveals separate spawning areas of anchoveta, Engraulis ringens, off central Chile and northern Patagonia
Authors: Cuevas María José , Górski Konrad , Castro Leonardo R. , Vivancos Aurélien , Reid Malcolm
Published: December 2019

The anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) is widely distributed throughout the Humboldt Current (4°30′-44°S). In recent years, its eggs and larvae have also been found inside fjords and channels of northern Patagonia, close to the southern limit of the central-south Chilean fishery zone. Currently, it is unclear whether these southern individuals constitute an independent subpopulation. This study analysed the elemental composition of otoliths from 102 specimens from central Chile and northern Patagonia using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results indicated that the elemental composition of the otolith cores (Mg, Pb, Zn, Ba) differed significantly between sites, revealing the existence of two discrete spawning zones, one in central Chile and one in northern Patagonia. However, the low significant differences of elemental signatures of otolith edges suggest that either individuals from both areas move between spawning areas and mix at certain periods of the year, or they represent pocket units that form part of a larger stock that moves along the coast.
Differential reproductive investment in females of Lithodes santolla (Decapoda: Anomura) from different regions of southern South America
Authors: Díaz-Arce Natalia , Di Salvatore Pablo , Gowland-Sainz María F. , Lovrich Gustavo A.
Published: December 2019

The southern king crab Lithodes santolla experiences low temperatures and unpredictable food conditions, and is under variable fishing pressure. To compare the reproductive investment of females, crabs were captured from three sites (Beagle Channel 55°S, Tierra del Fuego Atlantic coast 52-54°S and San Jorge Gulf 45-47°S). Fecundity, water and lipid contents were measured in midgut gland, ovary and muscle. To assess the maternal investment in the offspring, egg masses were analysed on lipid, protein, water and inorganic matter contents, egg volume and embryo size. Although fecundity was similar among sites, San Jorge Gulf females showed higher water and lower lipid contents in somatic and reproductive organs. The egg mass energy reserves varied among sites, showing the highest lipid values in the Beagle Channel, and the highest protein and inorganic matter content in San Jorge Gulf. Though water content was similar, egg volume and embryo size were higher in San Jorge Gulf. Moreover, maternal size did not correlate with egg volume, embryo size or lipid, protein and inorganic matter content of the eggs. This study suggests that reproductive investment of L. santolla varies among regions exposed to different environmental conditions, such as the quality of food available, denoting a female compensatory mechanism.
Malignant bronchial ulcer with coexistent pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Sivagnaname Yuvarajan , Radhakrishnan Praveen , Maria Selvam Antonius
Published: December 2019

Ulceration in the bronchial mucosa is noted rarely in bronchoscopy. In the past, it was frequently encountered in endobronchial tuberculosis. Deep necrotic bronchial ulcers are seen very rarely in clinical practice. Here we are reporting a first-ever case report of malignant bronchial ulcer presenting as necrotic deep bronchial ulcer, in a 70-year-old male, chronic smoker, who complained of breathlessness for 3 months, cough for 3 months, loss of weight and of appetite for 1 month. Bronchoscopy showed a large necrotic ulcer with dense anthracotic pigmentation which bleeds in touch with forceps. Bronchial washings, brushings, endobronchial biopsy were taken from the ulcer which was suggestive of poorly differentiated bronchogenic carcinoma. TBNA from the mediastinal nodes showed the features of caseous necrosis with granulomatous inflammation. Consequently, with the diagnosis of poorly differentiated carcinoma with pulmonary tuberculosis and COPD, the patient was started on anti-tuberculosis drugs, inhaled bronchodilators and referred to an oncologist for chemotherapy.
Association between Gut Microbiome Composition and Rotavirus Vaccine Response among Nicaraguan Infants
Authors: Fix Jonathan , Chandrashekhar Kshipra , Perez Johann , Bucardo Filemon , Hudgens Michael G. , Yuan Lijuan , Twitchell Erica , Azcarate-Peril Maria Andrea , Vilchez Samuel , Becker-Dreps Sylvia
Published: December 2019

Rotavirus is the leading cause of childhood deaths due to diarrhea. Although existing oral rotavirus vaccines are highly efficacious in high-income countries, these vaccines have been demonstrated to have decreased efficacy in low- and middle-income countries. A possible explanation for decreased efficacy is the impact of gut microbiota on the enteric immune system’s response to vaccination. We analyzed the gut microbiome of 50 children enrolled in a prospective study evaluating response to oral pentavalent rotavirus vaccination (RV5) to assess associations between relative abundance of bacterial taxa and seroconversion following vaccination. Stool samples were taken before the first RV5 dose, and microbiome composition characterized using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology software. Relative abundance of bacterial taxa between seroconverters following the first RV5 dose, those with ≥ 4-fold increase in rotavirus-specific IgA titers, and nonseroconverters were compared using the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test. We identified no significant differences in microbiome composition between infants who did and did not respond to vaccination. Infants who responded to vaccination tended to have higher abundance of Proteobacteria and Eggerthella, whereas those who did not respond had higher abundance of Fusobacteria and Enterobacteriaceae; however, these differences were not statistically significant following a multiple comparison correction. This study suggests a limited impact of gut microbial taxa on response to oral rotavirus vaccination among infants; however, additional research is needed to improve our understanding of the impact of gut microbiome on vaccine response, toward a goal of improving vaccine efficacy and rotavirus prevention.
Comparison of School-Based and Community-Wide Mass Drug Administration for Schistosomiasis Control in an Area of Western Kenya with High Initial Schistosoma mansoni Infection Prevalence: A Cluster Randomized Trial
Authors: Secor W. Evan , Wiegand Ryan E. , Montgomery Susan P. , Karanja Diana M. S. , Odiere Maurice R.
Published: December 2019

We conducted a cluster randomized trial comparing the target population and timing of mass drug administration (MDA) with praziquantel for control of schistosomiasis in villages in western Kenya with high initial prevalence (> 25%) according to a harmonized protocol developed by the Schistosomiasis Consortium for Operational Research and Evaluation. A total of 150 villages were randomized into six treatment arms (25 villages per arm), were assessed at baseline, and received two or four rounds of MDA using community-wide (CWT) or school-based (SBT) treatment over 4 years. In the fifth year, a final evaluation was conducted. The primary outcomes were prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma mansoni infections in children aged 9–12 years, each year their village received MDA. Baseline and year 5 assessments of first-year students and adults were also performed. Using Poisson and negative binomial regression with generalized estimating equations, we found similar effects of CWT and SBT MDA treatment strategies in children aged 9–12 years: significant reductions of prevalence of infection in all arms and of heavy-intensity (≥ 400 eggs/gram) infections in most arms but no significant differences between arms. Combined arms of villages that received four rounds of treatment had greater reduction than villages in arms that only received two rounds of treatment. Surprisingly, we also found benefits of SBT for first-year primary students and adults, who never received treatment in those arms. Our data support the use of annual SBT for control programs when coupled with attention to infections in younger children and occasional treatment of adults.
Las cooperativas agrarias como modelo generador de negocios con inclusión social: el caso de las cooperativas bananeras del Magdalena (Colombia)
Authors: Maestre Matos Leydis Marcela , Páez Cabas Andrea Paola , Mesías Francisco Javier , Lombana Coy Jahir
Published: December 2019

Las cooperativas agrarias son consideradas como un modelo organizacional que permite la mejora de las condiciones de producción y comercialización de sus productos, generando ingresos y cambios sustanciales en sus asociados. Algunas de estas cooperativas desarrollan modelos de negocios de inclusión social con los pequeños productores que la conforman. El presente artículo pretende dar a conocer cuáles son las características de las cooperativas agrarias como generadoras de negocios con inclusión de las personas menos favorecidas (lo que se conoce como la base de la pirámide) en su modelo económico. Para ello, se establecieron unas proposiciones teóricas a partir de la revisión de la literatura que fueron validadas a través del análisis de caso múltiple con una unidad de análisis simple (seis cooperativas bananeras del departamento del Magdalena, Colombia), utilizando el método deductivo. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que una cooperativa agraria desarrolla un negocio inclusivo cuando se cumplen las siguientes condiciones: hay una vinculación de pequeños productores en una cadena de valor; se genera valor económico y social para las personas involucradas; la creación y desarrollo de la cooperativa se genera por iniciativa propia de los pequeños productores, por algún actor de la cadena productiva y/o por una reglamentación establecida; y cuando el modelo cooperativo puede ser replicable y/o escalable a lo largo del tiempo.
DIAGNÓSTICO AMBIENTAL DOS IMPACTOS DA ANTROPIZAÇÃO NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA URBANIZADA DE GURUPI-TO
Authors: Lima Reis Edihones , Santa Barbara Gomes Asafe , Alves Bezerra Katiani , Tenaglia Carneiro Gabriel
Published: December 2019

Resumo: Do ponto de vista da diversidade biológica, o Cerrado brasileiro é reconhecido como a savana mais rica do mundo, considerado como importante área de recarga de diversos corpos hídricos no território brasileiro. Localizado no Brasil, o Cerrado é também o bioma predominante do Estado do Tocantins, no entanto a ocupação urbana desordenada e o desenvolvimento, sobretudo da agropecuária, veem impactando esse ambiente, sendo de fundamental importância a execução de estudos que possam direcionar medidas mitigadoras, que visam a manutenção do equilíbrio desse ecossistema.  O presente trabalho objetivou diagnosticar os impactos ambientais provenientes da antropização na Bacia Hidrográfica Urbanizada (B.H.U) de Gurupi – TO, por meio do tratamento de imagens dos satélites Alos Palser e Sentinel 2 para delimitação da bacia,  mapeamento do uso e ocupação do solo e  verificação do nível de conservação das áreas de preservação permanente, além da utilização de dados oriundos do levantamento fitossociológico para determinação do Índice de Diversidade de Shannom-Wener e Índice de Valor de Importância das famílias arbóreas presentes nas matas ciliares, bem como a análise dos parâmetros físicos (pH, Turbidez, Clorofila, Oxigênio Dissolvido e Sólidos Totais Dissolvidos) da água por sonda multiparâmetros nos principais mananciais inseridos no contexto de Urbanização da Bacia em conformidade a resolução CONAMA 357/2005. No estudo, foi identificado que 45,33% das bacias estão antropizadas, apresentando assim uma área urbanizada, solo exposto e pastagem. O levantamento fitossociológico indicou índice de Shannon-Wiener 3,73 nats/ind. e dentre as famílias existentes a Moraceae apresentou maior IVI com 37,33. Em relação aos parâmetros da qualidade da água bruta, algumas amostras indicaram que o pH, OD e Clorofila estão em desacordo com o estabelecido na Resolução CONAMA 357/2005.Palavras-chave: exutório, geotecnologias, preservação.
Ações de extensão para integrar mulheres em vulnerabilidade social na área de tecnologias da informação e comunicação
Authors: Costa Renata Luiza Da , Thereza Júnior Alcides Hermes , G. de S. Guinati Débora , De Castro Sousa Stéfany
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo traz reflexões a respeito da vulnerabilidade social e da desigualdade de gênero no Brasil, em âmbito geral e em profissões da área das Ciências Exatas, a partir de dados do Atlas da Violência no Brasil, de pesquisas a respeito da mão de obra para área de Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação, e de levantamento bibliográfico sobre pesquisas de gênero em relação às profissões das Exatas. A partir desses dados, são descritos os objetivos do IFG quanto às ações de Extensão e apresentada uma proposta voltada para mulheres em situação vulnerável e a área profissional da Informática. Destaca-se que, a Extensão é a dimensão de trabalho na instituição superior que tem potencial para dialogar com a comunidade externa, atender demandas de grupos específicos por meio de formações mais curtas, possibilitar a formação humana e técnica dos universitários colaboradores e, ainda, funciona como divulgação institucional.
Corpos interditados e aulas de educação física: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Ferreira Ivan Vilela , Wiggers Ingrid Dittrich
Published: December 2019

O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar, por meio de uma revisão de literatura sistemática, a produção científica da educação física acerca das interdições das práticas corporais dos estudantes. Selecionamos os seguintes periódicos nacionais e internacionais. Delimitamos o período entre 2010 e 2015. Selecionamos 08 artigos, representando 0,22% da produção total. Os estudos apontam que algumas escolas aplicam a suspensão das aulas de educação física como punição aos discentes indisciplinados, configurando assim, a interdição das práticas corporais, pois, majoritariamente, nestas aulas os estudantes possuem mais liberdade para praticá-las.
Educação, relações étnico-raciais e a emergência de novas epistemologias
Authors: Santos Eduardo , Tavares Manuel , Silva Mauricio da
Published: December 2019

Texto da apresentação
Diretrizes para avaliação de sistemas de organização do conhecimento representados em SKOS
Authors: Ramalho Rogério Aparecido Sá , Sousa Janailton Lopes
Published: December 2019

Introdução: O Modelo de Dados Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) é uma recomendação do World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) para  a representação de Sistemas de Organização do Conhecimento em ambientes digitais, na última década o modelo SKOS tem contribuído para um aumento exponencial da quantidade de vocabulários publicados em ambientes digitais, evidenciando a necessidade de estudos que favoreçam uma melhor avaliação destes vocabulários. Objetivo: Apresentar uma sistematização de diretrizes para a avaliação de vocabulários publicados em SKOS. Metodologia: Pesquisa exploratória de caráter bibliográfica e documental, com abordagem teórica e qualitativa. Resultados: É apresentada uma sistematização de estudos que possam contribuir para a sistematização de diretrizes para a avaliação de vocabulários codificados em SKOS. Conclusões: A representação de vocabulários controlados em ambientes digitais incorpora inúmeras potencialidades aos Sistemas de Organização do Conhecimento, porém também apresenta novos desafios, principalmente no que se refere à avaliação de requisitos técnicos e definição formal dos relacionamentos, evidenciando a importância de estudos que contribuam para um maior aperfeiçoamento dos processos de avaliação de vocabulários em ambientes digitais.
O tratamento indexal de fotografias para composição da memória institucional
Authors: Nogueira Valeska Paulino , Martins Gracy Kelli
Published: December 2019

Introdução: As imagens fotográficas constituem-se como importantes documentos, possuidores de valioso potencial em termos informacionais, históricos e culturais, que são constituintes da memória. Nesse sentido, o estudo discorre sobre o valor da fotografia enquanto documento constituinte da memória institucional, apresentando aspectos relevantes da literatura sobre a análise documentária, com ênfase no processo de indexação, tendo como objeto de investigação o acervo de fotografias digitais da Universidade Federal do Cariri (UFCA). Objetivo: Desenvolver estratégias de categorização e representação indexal que contemplam os aspectos relacionados ao conteúdo das fotografias da UFCA, armazenadas na plataforma Flickr. Metodologia: Através de uma abordagem de caráter qualitativo, realizou-se uma análise documental e interpretativa relacionada aos processos de produção e representação das fotografias da UFCA. Resultados: Tal análise possibilitou a identificação e apresentação das especificidades deste tipo de documento e as suas lógicas especiais de tratamento e contribuições para a construção de critérios de indexação de imagens fotográficas, que visam nortear o desenvolvimento de uma política de indexação para a Instituição. Conclusões: Diante da inexistência de qualquer direcionamento acerca dos critérios de indexação para o acervo fotográfico digital da UFCA, sugerimos a criação de um documento que elenque os aspectos importantes em relação ao procedimento de tratamento indexal dos documentos imagéticos, considerado indispensável para garantir a preservação da memória institucional da universidade
Design thinking na elaboração de uma proposta de sinalização da Biblioteca Universitária da UFCA: relato de pesquisa
Authors: Roque Isaac Brito , Vieira David Vernon
Published: December 2019

Introdução: Diante das mudanças ocorridas nos últimos anos no ambiente das bibliotecas universitárias a gestão deste espaço se depara com um novo tipo de usuário já acostumado com a tecnologia da informação que criou novos anseios. A sinalização deve então ser pensada para esse tipo de usuário bem como ampliar também para a questão da acessibilidade assim, é importante rever os serviços e produtos oferecidos pela biblioteca dentro deste enfoque. Objetivo: Apresentar um relato de pesquisa sobre a concepção de soluções de sinalização utilizando ferramentas do Design Thinking com o engajamento de usuários da Biblioteca Central da Universidade Federal do Cariri (UFCA). Metodologia: De natureza qualitativa o estudo compreendeu a utilização de um grupo focal onde foram entrevistados dez usuários da Biblioteca Universitária da UFCA. De natureza prática e com objetivos exploratórios, sua abordagem foi no formato de pesquisa-ação, visando promover a cooperação dos usuários da biblioteca do Campus de Juazeiro do Norte na concepção de soluções de sinalização do ambiente. Resultados: Percebeu-se um engajamento colaborativo entre os participantes, envolvendo-os de maneira protagonista e entusiasmada para os desafios de identificar os problemas e propor soluções para a biblioteca. A utilização das etapas e das ferramentas do Design Thinking, ainda que registradas de maneira linear, procurou se adequar ao processo de maneira satisfatória segundo o relato do próprio grupo focal. Conclusões: A colaboração entre as disciplinas de Design e a Ciência da Informação representa uma oportunidade para aproximar a prática do Design Thinking com intuito de otimizar sistemas de sinalização de bibliotecas, embora tenha se demonstrado que os métodos abordados são capazes de alcançar soluções ainda mais amplas. Sobretudo, o principal destaque a se considerar é a inserção dos usuários como parte fundamental no planejamento e estratégias do campo da ciência da informação.
A different way of thinking about seismic risk
Authors: Hare John
Published: December 2019

Seismic risk has traditionally been approached using probabilistic analysis. This dilutes the potential impact of low probability, extreme events that may lead to severe consequences including excessive land damage, building damage, injuries and death. The communication of risk in probabilistic terms is also not clearly understood by most audiences. Further, it is evident that few building developers, owners and users have a good understanding the implications of this and the capacity design of buildings, which may not be repairable after a severe event.

There is also an adverse impact on planning and land use, where decisions that may affect many people are based on a limited view of adverse outcomes such as liquefaction, lateral spread and slope stability in severe earthquakes.

A different way of thinking about seismic risk is proposed. An approach of using scenarios derived from a combination of deterministic as well as probabilistic thinking would prompt consideration of impacts over a range of events. This would allow full consideration of which outcomes are clearly not acceptable and which are. This may facilitate planning for both private and public sector, with a common understanding that is relatively easily communicated to both experts and lay people.

This risk evaluation framework would also facilitate consideration of mitigation, by bringing focus on unacceptable outcomes of severe events that are currently obscured by pure probabilistic analysis. This was missing in Christchurch, which experienced the sort of event we can readily anticipate and should actively plan for in other parts of New Zealand.

This would help us avoid future red zones and excessive damage and demolition. It will inform development of building codes and standards and will help us evaluate risk and provide resilience and redundancy across the range of interconnected infrastructure networks.

Informed debate is needed with key decision makers to discuss the underlying objectives of our regulation and how these may be better met by such an approach, without engineers allowing themselves to be trapped in past thinking and assumptions.
Hip Fractures in Older Adults in Ontario, Canada—Monthly Variation, Insights, and Implications
Authors: Clemens Kristin K , Ouedraogo Alexandra , Speechley Mark , Richard Lucie , Thain Jenny , Shariff Salimah Z
Published: December 2019

BackgroundIn older adults, hip fractures have been described to peak in cooler months. Seasonal differences in patient vulnerability to fracture and social/behavioural factors might contribute to these trends.MethodsUsing linked health-care databases in Ontario Canada, we examined monthly variation in hip fracture hospitalizations in those > 65 years (2011–2015). We stratified results by age category (66-79, ≥80 years). We then examined for variation in the demographic and comorbidity profiles of patients across the months, and as an index of contributing social/behavioural factors, noted variation in health-care behaviours.ResultsThere were 47,971 and 52,088 hospitalizations for hip fracture in those 66–79, and ≥80 years, respectively. There was strong seasonality in fractures in both groups. Peaks occurred in October and December when patients appeared most vulner-able. Rates fell in the summer in those 66-79 years, and in the late winter in those ≥80 years (when health-care utilization also declined). A smaller peak in fractures occurred in May in both groups. ConclusionsHip fractures peak in the autumn, early winter, and spring in Canada. A dip in fractures occurs in the late winter in the oldest old. Environmental factors might play a role, but seasonal vulnerability to fracture and winter isolation might also be influential.
A Semblance of Aliveness
Authors: van Grunsven Janna , van Wynsberghe Aimee ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: December 2019

While the design of sex robots is still in the early stages, the social implications of the potential proliferation of sex robots into our lives has been heavily debated by activists and scholars from various disciplines. What is missing in the current debate on sex robots and their potential impact on human social relations is a targeted look at the boundedness and bodily expressivity typically characteristic of humans, the role that these dimensions of human embodiment play in enabling reciprocal human interactions, and the manner in which this contrasts with sex robot-human interactions. Through a fine-grained discussion of these themes, rooted in fruitful but largely untapped resources from the field of enactive embodied cognition, we explore the unique embodiment of sex robots. We argue that the embodiment of the sex robot is constituted by what we term restricted expressivity and a lack of bodily boundedness and that this is the locus of negative but also potentially positive implications. We discuss the possible benefits that these two dimensions of embodiment may have for people within a specific demographic, namely some persons on the autism spectrum. Our preliminary conclusion—that the benefits and the downsides of sex robots reside in the same capability of the robot, its restricted expressivity and lack of bodily boundedness as we call it—demands we take stock of future developments in the design of sex robot embodiment. Given the importance of evidence-based research pertaining to sex robots in particular, as reinforced by Nature (2017) for drawing correlations and making claims, the analysis is intended to set the stage for future research.