bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preserving Nonnegativity in Discontinuous Galerkin Approximations to Scalar Transport via Truncation and Mass Aware Rescaling (TMAR)
Authors: Light Devin , Durran Dale
Published: September 2016

An accurate nonnegativity preserving limiter is presented for use with discontinuous Galerkin (DG) discretizations of scalar advection equations. The nonnegativity of the tracer field is preserved through the application of a mass conservative limiter that truncates negatives within each element and linearly rescales the resulting DG polynomials to preserve element-mean mass. As a preliminary step, the DG fluxes through each side of the element are limited in a manner similar to flux-corrected transport to ensure that the element-mean mass remains nonnegative during each individual stage of the time integration. In this paper, it is proven that such a truncation and mass aware rescaling (TMAR) does not change the order of accuracy of the underlying unlimited DG approximation. Numerical tests with two-dimensional deforming flows confirm that the method remains accurate and efficient while preserving nonnegativity. In comparison to some popular previous approaches, TMAR limiting is particularly well suited to approximations that use high-degree polynomial expansions (quartics or higher) to capture features that are only moderately well resolved.
The Politics of Deservingness
Authors: Nicholls Walter J. , Maussen Marcel , de Mesquita Laura Caldas
Published: September 2016

In the late 2000s, campaigns arose in the Netherlands and the United States advocating for the legal residency of immigrant youths with precarious legal status. In spite of differences between the campaigns, advocates argued that youths possessed certain cultural attributes and that these attributes made them deserving of permanent residency status. These two campaigns had very different histories, were made up of very different stakeholders, and drew upon different action repertoires to assert claims. Yet they both centered on immigrant youth, and they both stressed that the possession of specific cultural attributes made this subgroup uniquely deserving of exceptional consideration by the public and government authorities. The aim of this article is to highlight and explain similarities in discursive strategies across seemingly different national contexts. We suggest that the similarities in mobilizing strategies reflect responses to increasingly similar “rules of the game” in national citizenship regimes, whereby culture has become an increasingly effective lever in pressing the claims of certain subgroups of undocumented immigrants.
Probabilities of Large Deviations of Sample Quantiles
Authors: Chanda Kamal C.
Published: August 2016

Let Y n denote a suitably defined p-th (0 < p < 1) quantile computed from nk observations of which an equal number n of observations belong to each of a fui.ite number k of populations. Then, if p is a correspondingly defined p-th population quantile, a is a positive number and l ⩾ 1 is any integer, it is shown that there exist [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] can be expressed as the product of [Formula: see text] and a polynomial of degree l in n-1 with a remainder term which is of order smaller than n-l.
On the Optimality of Block Designs under Mixed Effects Model
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Sunanda
Published: August 2016

In this paper, results relating to the optimality properties of (i) the Balanced Block Designs and the Linked Block Designs in the one-way elimination of heterogeneity set-up (ii) the Generalized Youden Designs in the two-way elimination of heterogeneity set-up, both under mixed effects models, are presented.
Bayesian Nonparametric Estimation of Failure Rates with Censored Data
Authors: Rao J. S. , Tiwari R. C.
Published: August 2016

The failure time distribution is estimated in the nonparametric context when some of tbe observations arc censored. The time interval is partitioned into fixed class intervals, and number of failures and number censored in each of these intervals are observed. Using a Dirichlet distribution as the prior, the resulting estimates of the survival function and the failure rate have a nice and simple form. If instead of the fixed time intervals, one uses the “natural” intervals formed by the observed failure times, this gives essentially the same results as in Ferauson IUld Phadia (1977), Susarla and Van Ryzin (1976), but in a much simpler way. Bayes estimation under the increasins and decreasing failure rates is also considered, and applications to accelerated life testing are discussed.
On Some α—Resolvable PBIB Designs
Authors: Singla S.L. , Garg Davinder Rumar
Published: August 2016

In this paper three methods of constructing (affine) α- resolvable 2- or 3- associate partially balanced incomplete block (PBIB) designs are presented. Kageyama and Mohan (1985) have constructed these designs with v being a prime number but we construct these designs for any positive integer v.
Pitman Nearness, Distance Criterion and Optimal Regression Designs
Authors: Liski Erkki P. , Luoma Arto , Mandal Nripes K. , Sinha Bikas K.
Published: August 2016

Pitman Nearness is a criterion for point estimation while the Distance Criterion is an optimality criterion. There is indeed a striking similarity between the two. In this paper we will present a variety of basic results towards estimation and ⁄ or prediction in the context of a regression model , based on the distance criterion .
An Exploratory Statistical Analysis of the effect of Demographic risk factors on uterine Cervical squamous Intraepithelial Lesion
Authors: Sengupta D. , Duttagupta C. , Bandyopadhyay S. , Jana R. , Sarma J. Das , Sengupta S. , Ray M.
Published: August 2016

Pap Smear test (Pap test), a cytological screening test of the cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) is a widely accepted screening technique for uterine cervical cancer (UCC). UCC is a major canter burden for Indian women. In this article, we present an in-depth exploratory analysis on various statistical relationships between the Pap test and a set of demographic risk factors, such as Age, Age at consummation of marriage [ACM], parity [PAR] etc. The data had been collected from the Calcutta Medical College Hospital (CMCH) on 308 subjects. Major statistical findings in this article include a possible Age dependent association between PAR and the SIL-status. It seems that a high value of parity at a relatively young age is an important risk factor for developing SIL in future. This finding may be useful in relating to overall female helath issues in developing and underdeveloped country-senario.

AMS (2000) Subject Classification: Primary 62-07, 62Pl0, 92C60, Secondary 92C50, 62F03, 62F10.
A Unified Approach to Factorial Designs with Randomization Restrictions
Authors: Ranjan Pritam , Spencer Neil
Published: August 2016

Abtsrcat

Factorial designs are commonly used to assess the impact of factors and factor combinations in industrial and agricultural experiments. Though preferred, complete randomization of trials is often infeasible, and randomization restrictions are imposed. In this paper, we discuss a finite projective geometric (PG) approach to unify the existence, construction and analysis of multistage factorial designs with randomization restrictions using randomization defining contrast subspaces (or flats of a PG). Our main focus will be on the construction of such designs, and developing a word length pattern scheme that can be used for generalizing the traditional design rank- ing criteria for factorial designs. We also present a novel isomorphism check algorithm for these designs.
Effects of Instructional Delivery System and Training Parameter Manipulations on Electromechanical Maintenance Performance
Authors: Swezey Robert W. , Perez Ray S. , Allen John A.
Published: September 2016

A research program is presented in which computer assisted instructional (CAI) based delivery systems were compared with other training media to determine the extent to which instruction delivered via these methods affects performance on electromechanical maintenance tasks. Summaries of two preliminary studies are presented and a third study is discussed in greater detail. In the latter study opportunity for hands-on practice, access to job aids, and instructional delivery system parameters were manipulated. Performance was measured immediately following training and again after a one-week interval. Both handson practice of the maintenance activity and access to job aids during training were found to significantly improve maintenance performance. However, no differences in performance of procedural maintenance tasks were found among students who were trained using CAI-based as opposed to other lower technology-based instructional delivery systems.
Practising postcolonial intersectionality: Gender, religion and indigeneity in Sámi social work
Authors: Valkonen Sanna , Wallenius-Korkalo Sandra
Published: September 2016

This article brings to light multiple manifestations of colonial power relations and the interplay of religion and indigenous culture by analysing Sámi women’s experiences of empowerment and subjectivity at the intersections of Firstborn Laestadianism, a conservative religious movement, and Sámi culture. The article argues that if we are to develop culturally sensitive research approaches and practices in social work, it is important to understand and take into account the complexity of religious and ethnic commitments and structures. The article thus deepens the cultural and communal knowledge needed to better inform social work practices and research with indigenous and religious communities.
Welfare services in enhancing good life for the Sámi: A reflection on conducting ethically responsible research and developing an improved sense of culture
Authors: Heikkilä Lydia
Published: September 2016

In this article, I reflect on the ethical and culturally sensitive aspects of knowledge production in research involving Indigenous peoples. I examine the key findings of a case study of Sámi welfare experiences and discuss their significance for the salient qualities of Indigenous methodology: the relational, reflexive and contextual. The aim is to gain insights into doing research ‘in a good way’ – that is competent, responsible and respectful and that contributes to culturally relevant knowledge from the Sámi perspective. The analysis indicates that a heightened sense of culture is needed together with enhanced opportunities for dialogue between the participants.
Contested Space and Citizenship in Grahamstown, South Africa
Authors: O’Halloran Paddy
Published: September 2016

This paper discusses two distinct political mobilisations of October 2015 in Grahamstown, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Student protests against racial, class-based, and gender-based oppression coincided with xenophobic violence in the city. These events demonstrated both challenges to and continuity with the long history of politics in Grahamstown, a history marked by the contestation and control of space, race, and citizenship. The paper argues for the continued relevance of these themes to thinking about contemporary South African politics. By considering together the two events of October 2015, we can interrogate aspects of colonial political continuities in post-1994 South Africa which variously influence mass protest action for democratic opening, anti-democratic violence, and state responses to both.
‘Red Sun in the Blue Sky’: Rohith Vemula’s Utopian Republic
Authors: Sukumar N.
Published: September 2016

Rohit Vemula’s institutional murder triggered a national debate on the constitutional values, that is, Equality, Justice and Freedom, enshrined in the Ambedkarite Constitution. After their suspension from the university spaces—classroom, hostel, campus life—Rohith and his friends walked out of the hostel, clutching their meagre possessions, a mattress, some books and a huge portrait of Ambedkar clearly demonstrating their source of strength and confidence to fight the casteist and communal mindsets. The message was loud and clear. It was a call for arms to all Ambedkarites to rebel and rally against an undemocratic social system. However, for Rohith, it was not simply a battle against entrenched privileges but also an opportunity to fashion an alternative universe, as he very poignantly expressed ‘The Red Sun in the Blue Sky’. This perspective is an attempt to unravel Rohith’s dreams and aspirations which have found echoes across university campuses.
Book Review: Nirupama Dutt, The Ballad of Bant Singh: A Qissa of Courage and Mohammad Aamir Khan and Nandita Haksar, Framed as a Terrorist: My 14-Year Struggle to Prove My Innocence
Authors: Jamil Ghazala
Published: September 2016

Nirupama Dutt, The Ballad of Bant Singh: A Qissa of Courage, New Delhi, Speaking Tiger Publishing Pvt Limited, 2016, Paperback, 213 pp., ₹250.00, ISBN: 9789385288302.

Mohammad Aamir Khan and Nandita Haksar, Framed as a Terrorist: My 14-Year Struggle to Prove My Innocence, New Delhi, Speaking Tiger Publishing Pvt Limited, 2016, Paperback, 248 pp., ₹250.00, ISBN: 9789385755224.
Book Review: Jan Breman, On Pauperism in Present and Past
Authors: Mahanty Manasi
Published: September 2016

Jan Breman, On Pauperism in Present and Past, New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2016, vii + 289 pp., ₹850, ISBN: 9780199464814.
“We Are All Chávez”
Authors: Michelutti Lucia
Published: September 2016

The current chaotic post-Chávez political and economic scenario affords a little certainty: Chávez is still very present in the everyday life of contemporary Venezuelans. Chávez as a martyr, as the second Bolívar, as a saint, as a spirit, is becoming part of the religious and social life of a great number of people. Despite being dead, he continues to shape Venezuelan revolutionary selves. An examination of Chávez’s legacy through the lens of divine kinship provides important clues to understanding how charisma is embodied in people and things and circulates through networks of kinship (and fictive kinship) from gods, spirits, and ancestors to democratically appointed leaders and their ordinary followers.

El caos que permea el panorama político y económico post-Chávez ofrece cierta certeza: Chávez todavía está muy presente en la vida cotidiana de los venezolanos. Chávez se está convirtiendo en parte de la vida religiosa y social de un gran número de personas: Chávez como mártir, como el segundo Bolívar, como santo, como espíritu. A pesar de que está muerto, Chávez sigue moldeando la personalidad revolucionaria venezolana. Un examen del legado de Chávez a través del prisma del parentesco divino nos ofrece claves importantes para entender cómo el carisma se encarna en la gente y en los objetos y circula a través de redes de parentesco (y parentesco ficticio) de los dioses, espíritus y ancestros a los líderes elegidos democráticamente y sus seguidores.
Which SMEs seek external support? Business characteristics, management behaviour and external influences in a contingency approach
Authors: Mole Kevin , North David , Baldock Robert
Published: September 2016

To improve SME growth and competitiveness, governments often encourage business owner-managers to make use of external sources of support. Whether they seek this depends on the degree to which they perceive themselves to need assistance. Additionally, its use can be constrained by market failures. In this paper, we model whether SME owner-managers seek information and advice from formal sources, including public and private providers. In 2011, the researchers conducted a telephone survey of 1202 SMEs (1–249 employees) in England to assess the use and non-use of external support between 2008 and 2011. Using a contingency approach, we model various influences on the use and non-use of formal support and identify those owner-managers who face more concerns but have less confidence in their capabilities. We find that the demand for support, especially from private providers, is fuelled by a firm’s objective to grow and a size threshold, although this is moderated by various concerns which increase the likelihood of using public sources. The willingness to take informal advice can act as a stepping stone to using formal sources. Whilst market failures affected less than a fifth of firms, those with women directors were particularly affected as were newly founded firms.
Policy capacities for new regional industrial path development – The case of new media and biogas in southern Sweden
Authors: Martin Hanna , Martin Roman
Published: September 2016

Over the past few years, a growing body of work in economic geography and innovation studies has enhanced our understanding of forms and determinants of regional industrial path development. The importance of policy, however, has received limited attention and accordingly, the role of policy for the emergence and development of new regional industrial growth paths remains largely unexplored. This paper takes an institutional perspective and suggests that the regional innovation system approach can contribute to conceptualising and analysing the role of policy for new regional industrial path development. We argue that in order to turn regional preconditions into new growth paths, regional innovation systems require strong policy capacities, consisting of formal and governance capacities. In the empirical part, we analyse the emergence and further development of two new growth paths in the region of Scania in southern Sweden, namely biogas and new media. Based on personal interviews with policy makers, representatives from knowledge and supporting organisations and firms as well as a document analysis, we investigate how policy interventions have influenced the rise and evolution of these two industries. We show that in both cases, policy-led initiatives have played an important role in enabling new path development. We find that policy can play multiple roles in nurturing and maintaining new growth paths and that these are closely interlinked with particular policy capacities of regional innovation systems.
Cluster governance: A practical way out of a congested state of governance plurality
Authors: Ebbekink Miranda
Published: September 2016

Around the globe, government officials vigorously attempt to reinforce their own Silicon Somewhere. Doing that, however, proves to be tricky in large part due to the fact that cluster policy necessitates a new mode of governance, which changes the way cluster policy is formulated and government officials' role therein. Sub-optimality in participatory efforts, regrettably, signals that government officials have not yet fully adapted to this new reality. Transformation is still incomplete and hinges on a pragmatic outlook on how to actually accommodate this change in policy development. This paper aims to address the latter by introducing a new take on policy development and a specific institutional modality (centred on civic entrepreneurs) that incites a parallel learning process of strategic learning and institutional learning.
The value of ‘bearing witness’ to desistance
Authors: Anderson Sarah E.
Published: September 2016

This paper aims to contribute to the debate on making probation practice ‘desistance-focused’. It does this through considering the body of knowledge on responding to trauma through ‘bearing witness’ to the person’s story – attending to their values and lived experience – and applying this to probation practice. It addresses why the literature on trauma has relevance to work with people who have offended. Then it explores the epistemological, performative, moral and political dimensions of ‘bearing witness’ and the relevance of each of these to desistance. It highlights the potentially critical role of the audience (in this case the probation practitioner) in the co-construction of the desistance narrative. Additionally, the paper argues that insufficient attention has been paid to the moral space in which such narratives are co-constructed. In a context where the voices of people who have offended are silenced and their experiences of victimisation or structural violence are written out, I suggest that ‘being present and being with another’ (Naef, 2006: 146) enacts a moral responsibility to support a transition from object to subject and to recognise and endorse the humanity of those who have committed crimes. The paper provides a practice example of ‘bearing witness’ to desistance. Finally, it addresses potential challenges in asking probation officers to ‘bear witness’ to desistance.
Aggressive and Prosocial Peer Norms: Change, Stability, and Associations With Adolescent Aggressive and Prosocial Behavior Development
Authors: Laninga-Wijnen Lydia , Harakeh Zeena , Dijkstra Jan Kornelis , Veenstra René , Vollebergh Wilma
Published: September 2016

This longitudinal study examined the extent to which the development of prosocial and aggressive peer norms was related to individual prosocial and aggressive behavior development across the first year of secondary education (three waves, n = 1,134 adolescents from 51 classes, Mage = 12.66). A distinction was made between descriptive norms (the aggregated average peer-perceived behavior within the classroom) and status norms (the within-classroom correlation between peer-perceived popularity and behavior). Results indicated that descriptive norms represented a stable, static peer ecology, whereas status norms were somewhat more dynamic and changed across the school year. The development of descriptive and status norms was associated with initial levels of individual prosocial and aggressive behavior, whereas the development of status norms was also associated with the development of prosocial behavior.
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1) Virus in Feathers
Authors: Nuradji H. , Bingham J. , Payne J. , Harper J. , Lowther S. , Wibawa H. , Long N. T. , Meers J.
Published: September 2016

H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus causes high mortality of infected birds, with infection in multiple organs, including in feathers. Feathers have been proposed as samples for diagnosis of HPAI infection in birds, and this study is part of a broader investigation validating the use of feathers for diagnostic purposes. To understand and characterize the morphological basis for feather infection, sections from 7 different skin tracts of ducks and chickens infected with 3 different clades of H5N1 HPAI virus from Indonesia and Vietnam were examined histologically. Results showed that in ducks, lesions and viral antigen were mainly detected in the epidermis of feathers and follicles, whereas in chickens, they were mostly found in the dermis of these structures. Abundant viral antigen was found in nearly all the feathers examined from chickens, and there was no apparent difference between virus isolates or skin tracts in the proportion of feathers that were antigen positive. By immunohistochemistry, the majority of feathers from most skin tracts from ducks infected with a Vietnamese H5N1 HPAI virus contained abundant levels of viral antigen, while few feathers were antigen positive from ducks infected with 2 Indonesian viruses. These results support and inform the use of feathers for diagnostic detection of H5N1 HPAI virus in birds.
Relationship Between Humeral Retroversion and Length of Baseball Career Before the Age of 16 Years
Authors: Nakase Chihiro , Mihata Teruhisa , Itami Yasuo , Takeda Atsushi , Neo Masashi
Published: September 2016

Background:

Humeral retroversion physiologically decreases during growth. However, in throwing athletes, the external forces caused by repetitive throwing are thought to increase humeral retroversion on the dominant side compared with that on the nondominant side.

Purpose:

To investigate the correlation between humeral retroversion and length of baseball career before age 16 years.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 112 high school baseball players (32 pitchers and 80 position players) with a mean age of 15.6 years (range, 15-16 years) were enrolled in the study. All participants completed questionnaires regarding their player position and the age when they started baseball and were given physical examinations. Shoulder range of motion and humeral retroversion were assessed on the dominant and nondominant sides. Humeral retroversion (rotation angle of the proximal humerus relative to the distal humerus) was measured ultrasonographically.

Results:

Humeral retroversion was significantly greater on the dominant side than on the nondominant side in both pitchers ( P < .0001) and position players ( P = .0005). The side-to-side difference in humeral retroversion in pitchers (13.9° ± 11.2°) was significantly greater than that in position players (9.0° ± 11.1°, P = .0361). In pitchers, there was a significant negative correlation between humeral retroversion and the age at which the players had started baseball ( P = .033, β = −2.494).

Conclusion:

These results suggest that humeral retroversion increases with decreasing age at commencement of a baseball career before age 16 years in pitchers.
Partisan electoral interventions by the great powers: Introducing the PEIG Dataset
Authors: Levin Dov H.
Published: August 2016

Recent studies indicate that partisan electoral interventions, a situation where a foreign power tries to determine the election results in another country, can have significant effects on the election results in the targeted country as well as other important influences. Nevertheless, research on this topic has been hindered by a lack of systematic data of electoral interventions. In this article, I introduce the Partisan Electoral Intervention by the Great Powers dataset (PEIG), which provides data on all such interventions by the US and the USSR/Russia between 1946 and 2000. After describing the dataset construction process, I note some interesting patterns in the data, a few of which stand in contrast to claims made about electoral interventions in the public sphere and give an example of PEIG’s utility. I then describe some applications of PEIG for research on electoral interventions in particular and for peace research in general.
The Impact of Palliative Care Consultation in the ICU on Length of Stay
Authors: Kyeremanteng Kwadwo , Gagnon Louis-Philippe , Thavorn Kednapa , Heyland Daren , D’Egidio Gianni
Published: September 2016

Introduction:

The intensive care unit (ICU) consumes 20% of hospital expenditures and 1% of gross domestic product. Many strategies have been attempted to reduce ICU costs. A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the effect of palliative care (PC) consultations in the ICU on length of stay (LOS) and costs.

Methods:

A literature search was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective, and retrospective cohort studies looking at PC consultations in adult ICUs published between January 2000 and February 2016 were selected. Independent reviewers assessed the eligibility of studies, extracted data on ICU, hospital LOS, and mortality, and rated each study’s quality. The cost was derived from an existing model in the literature; the primary outcome was ICU LOS and the secondary outcomes were direct variable costs, mortality, and hospital LOS.

Results:

We reviewed 814 abstracts, but only 8 studies met inclusion criteria and were included. The patients with a PC consultation in the ICU, when compared to those who did not, showed a trend toward reduced LOS. This reduction was statistically significant in the higher quality studies. Mortality was similar in both groups. Palliative care consultations also lead to a reduction in costs in 5 of the 8 eligible trials. On average, ICU costs were USD7533 and USD6406 (control vs PC, P < .05) and hospital direct variable costs were USD9518 and USD8971 ( P < .05) per admission. Due to interstudy heterogeneity, all outcomes were described narratively.

Conclusion:

This review demonstrates a trend that PC consultations reduce LOS and costs without impacting mortality. However, due to the small sample sizes and varying degrees of quality of evidence, many questions remain. A large multicenter RCT and formal economic evaluation would be needed for more definitive results.
Viscoelastic behavior and construction of master curve for graphene/polyimide nanocomposites
Authors: Marashdeh Wajeeh F , Iroh Jude O
Published: August 2016

Dynamic mechanical spectroscopy is used to investigate the variation of the glass rubbery transition temperature ( Tg) of graphene/polyimide nanocomposites. The Tg was obtained as the temperature corresponding to the peak of the tan δ versus temperature curve for the alpha transition. Cole–Cole curve was constructed for the matrix and the composites composite at 1 Hz and a hemispherical curve was obtained suggesting that the constituents have similar relaxation behavior. The time–temperature superposition principle was used to model the behavior of the nanocomposites at lower frequencies and longer times. Frequency sweep was performed in the range of 0.05–100 Hz at different temperatures. The storage modulus curves obtained at different temperatures (isothermal), as a function of frequency, were shifted horizontally to construct a continuous master curve. Both the generalized reduced gradient method and the Williams–Landel–Ferry (WLF) equation were used to calculate the activation energy for glass–rubber transition. The universal constants C1 and C2 were determined using the WLF equation. The dependence of relaxation time on temperature was verified.
A complex-number-domain-based conceptual design synthesis for multidisciplinary products
Authors: Chen Bin , Xie You-Bai
Published: September 2016

With the increase of the customer demands for the products, multidisciplinary products are gradually becoming more competitive than the traditional products. Considering conceptual design synthesis is the core phase of the product design and its result is the starting point of the next detail design works, if the rich resources in multiple disciplinary domains can be fully used during this phase, the efficiency of multidisciplinary product design will be largely promoted. Therefore, we proposed a novel conceptual design synthesis system for multidisciplinary products, which consists of three parts, i.e. basic framework, complex-number-domain-based mathematical model, and achieving approach. In the framework, three groups of concepts were defined and the conceptual design synthesis was concluded into three steps. The model can completely describe and modularize the function units which are the basic components of a design scheme. Based on the model, the achieving approach can automatically generate stable objective function unit chains which can directly construct the design scheme. Finally, the design of a multifunctional agricultural hydroelectric power system was taken as an illustration to prove the practicability of this proposed system.
A reliable analytical navigation system based on symmetrical dynamic behavior of control channels
Authors: Hassani Mehdi , Roshanian Jafar , Khoshnood A Majid
Published: September 2016

This study develops an advanced fault recovery strategy to improve the reliability of an aerospace launch vehicle navigation system. The proposed strategy contains fault detection features and can reconfigure the system against common faults in the aerospace launch vehicle navigation system. For this purpose, fault recovery system is constructed to detect and reconfigure normal navigation faults operating as a soft sensor, based on the symmetrical dynamic behavior of the yaw and pitch channels of the vehicle. In the face of pitch channel sensor failure, the Auto Regression Exogenous model of the yaw channel of the vehicle is identified using the recursive instrumental variable methodology. Based on the symmetrical behavior of the aerospace launch vehicle in the yaw and pitch channels, the Auto Regression Exogenous model of the yaw channel is substituted by the dynamic model of the pitch one and consequently, the pitch-rate gyroscope output is constructed to provide fault-tolerant navigation solution. The novel aspect of paper is employing symmetrical dynamic behavior of the yaw and pitch channels as an online tuning of analytical fault recovery solution against unforeseen variations due to its hardware/software property. In this regard, a nonlinear model of the aerospace launch vehicle is simulated using specific navigation failures and the results verified the feasibility of the proposed system. Simulation results and sensitivity analysis show that the proposed techniques can produce more effective estimation results than those of the previous techniques, against sensor failures.
Undressing information behaviour in the field of translation: A case study with Translation trainees
Authors: Sales Dora , Pinto María , Fernández-Ramos Andrés
Published: September 2016

From the vantage point of user studies and the information literacy paradigm, a case study was conducted (at the Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain) to analyse the information behaviour of first-year Translation trainees. The study takes into account what it is like to be a university student in the digital age, in order to investigate how they find, evaluate and use information for their course work. The study is located within the qualitative paradigm (using a semi-structured task to obtain direct data from the student body). A number of needs and weaknesses are identified within the student group as regards their information behaviour. It is hoped that this study will serve as a basis for the design and subsequent implementation of Information Literacy programmes specific to this interdisciplinary field.
Palliative Care in Critical Care Settings: A Systematic Review of Communication-Based Competencies Essential for Patient and Family Satisfaction
Authors: Schram Andrew W. , Hougham Gavin W. , Meltzer David O. , Ruhnke Gregory W.
Published: September 2016

Background:

There is an emerging literature on the physician competencies most meaningful to patients and their families. However, there has been no systematic review on physician competency domains outside direct clinical care most important for patient- and family-centered outcomes in critical care settings at the end of life (EOL). Physician competencies are an essential component of palliative care (PC) provided at the EOL, but the literature on those competencies relevant for patient and family satisfaction is limited. A systematic review of this important topic can inform future research and assist in curricular development.

Methods:

Review of qualitative and quantitative empirical studies of the impact of physician competencies on patient- and family-reported outcomes conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for systematic reviews. The data sources used were PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.

Results:

Fifteen studies (5 qualitative and 10 quantitative) meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria were identified. The competencies identified as critical for the delivery of high-quality PC in critical care settings are prognostication, conflict mediation, empathic communication, and family-centered aspects of care, the latter being the competency most frequently acknowledged in the literature identified.

Conclusion:

Prognostication, conflict mediation, empathic communication, and family-centered aspects of care are the most important identified competencies for patient- and family-centered PC in critical care settings. Incorporation of education on these competencies is likely to improve patient and family satisfaction with EOL care.
Association of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Venous Thromboembolism in Women With Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Moeini Aida , Machida Hiroko , Takiuchi Tsuyoshi , Blake Erin A. , Hom Marianne S. , Miki Toshio , Matsuo Osamu , Matsuo Koji
Published: September 2016

Objective:

Recent studies have demonstrated that surgical menopause results in a significantly increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in women with endometrial cancer. In addition, venous thromboembolism (VTE) is known to be one of the major prognostic factors for decreased survival in endometrial cancer. Given the fact that coagulation factors are produced in the liver, the correlation between NAFLD and VTE was examined in endometrial cancer.

Methods:

A retrospective study was conducted to examine patients with endometrial cancer who underwent surgical staging including oophorectomy between 2000 and 2013 (n = 714). Cumulative risk of VTE was examined based on the NAFLD status. A Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to determine the independent risk predictors of VTE.

Results:

Venous thromboembolism and NAFLD were seen in 57 (8.0%) and 181 (25.4%) cases, respectively. Two-year cumulative risks of VTE and NAFLD were 7.9% and 19.3%, respectively. In univariate analysis, VTE was significantly associated with decreased disease-free survival (2-year rate, 43.6% vs 91.4%, P < .001) and overall survival (65.8% vs 96.8%, P < .001), whereas NAFLD was associated with decreased risk of VTE (1.7% vs 10.4%, P < .001). In multivariate analysis controlling for clinicopathological factors, NAFLD remained an independent predictor of decreased risk of VTE (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.07-0.79, P = .02). Thrombocytosis (HR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.22-4.35, P = .01), cancer antigen 125 ≥ 35 (HR: 3.81, 95% CI: 1.78-8.17, P < .001), and recurrent disease (HR: 4.57, 95% CI: 1.97-10.6, P < .001) remained as independent predictors of increased risk of VTE.

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that NAFLD may be associated with decreased VTE risk in women with endometrial cancer.
Magazine Sequence Needs More than a Newspaper Core
Authors: Wolseley Roland E.
Published: September 2016

The editor of this special section calls for a broadening of the basic courses in journalism and the offering of a genuine magazine specialization. He is professor of journalism and chairman of the magazine practice department at the Syracuse University School of Journalism.
The Place of Magazine Reading Courses
Authors: Vance Earl L.
Published: September 2016

They are valuable both as general education and as professional background, declares the author, who is head of the department of journalism at Florida State University. He has taught such courses for 18 years and believes they should be offered more widely.
News Notes
Authors: Miller Douglass W.
Published: September 2016

News for inclusion in this section … activities of schools and departments of journalism, staff appointments and changes, curricular developments and the like … should be sent to Professor Miller, School of Journalism, Syracuse University, Syracuse, N. Y. Notes for the December issue should reach him by October 20.
Sheltering for Safety in Community Women With Divorce Histories
Authors: Warnecke Ashlee J. , Szabo Yvette Z. , Burns Vicki E. , Fernandez-Botran Rafael , Miller James J. , Newton Tamara L.
Published: September 2016

This cross-sectional study compared the prevalence of formal and informal sheltering (i.e., staying in an agency shelter, or with friends/family, respectively) and evaluated associations with abuse severity. Community women ( N = 197) with divorce histories reported on lifetime intimate partner abuse, including sheltering for safety. Prevalence of informal sheltering (43%) exceeded that of formal sheltering (11%). Rates/levels of coercive control, severe violence, injury, and police involvement were comparable for women who sheltered formally or informally, and exceeded those of women who never sheltered. Sheltering histories can be identified in community samples of women with divorce histories. Informal sheltering is prevalent, and comparable to formal sheltering in terms of correlations with abuse severity.
Official Crime Rates and Residents’ Sense of Security Across Neighborhoods in Tokyo, Japan
Authors: Hino Kimihiro , Uesugi Masaya , Asami Yasushi
Published: September 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate, in consideration of individual attributes and neighborhood-level social capital, the association between official crime rates and sense of neighborhood security among residents in the 23 wards of Tokyo, Japan, using data obtained from a national questionnaire survey and police statistics on crime for 511 neighborhoods. We found that crime rates affected residents’ sense of security differently according to the type of crime committed and the spatial scale. Regarding individual attributes, sense of security among men and those aged 35 to 49 years was in line with the actual property crime rate, whereas that among women and the elderly was in line with the actual violent crime rate. In addition, even when controlling for social capital, which had a strong positive effect on residents’ sense of security, and individual attributes, all crime rates except that for violent crime were significantly related to residents’ sense of security in their neighborhood.
A Cooperative Learning Classroom Intervention for Increasing Peer’s Acceptance of Children With ADHD
Authors: Capodieci Agnese , Rivetti Thomas , Cornoldi Cesare
Published: September 2016

Objective: The hypothesis behind this study was that trained teachers using cooperative learning procedures with children in their classroom (aged from 6 to 10 years) can influence the social skills of children with ADHD symptoms and their acceptance by their peers. Method: The study involved 30 children with ADHD symptoms attending 12 different classes, where cooperative learning was adopted in some, and standard practices in others. ADHD children’s symptoms, social skills, and cooperative behavior were assessed by means of a teacher’s questionnaire, and the social preferences of the children in their class were collected. Results: Changes emerged in teachers’ assessments of the children’s cooperative behavior in the experimental classes. Improvements in the sociometric status of children with ADHD symptoms were only seen in the cooperative learning classes. Conclusion: These results show the importance of well-structured intervention in classes that include children with ADHD symptoms. Implications of these findings for future intervention are discussed.
The Relationship Between Self-Reported Sensory Experiences and Autistic Traits in the General Population: A Mixed Methods Analysis
Authors: Robertson Ashley E. , Simmons David R.
Published: September 2016

There have been few examples of inductive research in sensory reactivity, particularly in relation to autistic traits among the general population. This study used a mixed methods approach to explore the nature of sensory experiences among people with different levels of autistic traits. Participants completed the Glasgow Sensory Questionnaire and the Autism Spectrum Quotient. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed on the data. Responses to the open questions were analyzed as part of this study, and the closed questionnaire data have been reported elsewhere. Data were coded and responses quantitatively compared by group. In addition, data were qualitatively analyzed using a general inductive approach, which resulted in two themes: “problematic sensory experiences” and “calming sensory experiences.” Results show that coping mechanisms and certain aspects of the sensory experience vary according to autistic trait level, and provide insight into the nature of sensory reactivity across the general population.
The Use of Cell Phones to Address Safety Skills for Students With a Moderate ID in Community-Based Settings
Authors: Bassette Laura A. , Taber-Doughty Teresa , Gama Roberto I. , Alberto Paul , Yakubova Gulnoza , Cihak David
Published: September 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a video modeling (VM) intervention in conjunction with a system of least prompts (SLP) to teach safety skills using cell phones to students with a moderate intellectual disability. A multiple-probe design across three participants was used to assess student acquisition in taking and sending a picture of a key identifier (i.e., a sign) during a role-play scenario in which students pretended to be lost in the community. Intervention sessions were conducted at the students’ middle school, at their community-based instruction site, and at an unfamiliar community location. All students successfully learned to take and send the picture in the community locations at the mastery criterion and generalized the skills at an unfamiliar community site. Implications of the use of VM to address the integration of technology with safety skill instruction and other areas of future research are discussed.
The Incentive Effects of Equalization Grants on Tax Policy
Authors: Ferede Ergete
Published: September 2016

This article provides an empirical analysis of the incentive effects of equalization grants on business and personal income tax rates using panel data from Canadian provinces. We exploit the discontinuity in the equalization grant allocation formula to identify the exogenous income and incentive effects of equalization grants on tax policy. Our empirical results indicate that equalization grants provide provincial governments an incentive to raise their business and personal income tax rates. The results also suggest that if the equalization program in its current form was abandoned, then business and personal income tax rates would be lower in the grant receiving provinces.
Does categorisation of lymphoma subtypes according to the World Health Organization classification predict clinical outcome in cats?
Authors: Wolfesberger Birgitt , Skor Ondrej , Hammer Sabine E , Flickinger Irene , Kleiter Miriam , Rütgen Barbara C , Schwendenwein Ilse , Tichy Alexander , Hittmair Katharina M , Degasperi Brigitte , Fuchs-Baumgartinger Andrea
Published: August 2016

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to specify lymphoma subtypes according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification in a group of cats and to investigate their potential prognostic value.

Methods

Records of cats from the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna suffering from lymphoma were reviewed in this retrospective study. To diagnose various subtypes specified in the WHO classification, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations, as well as clonality assays in some cases, were performed.

Results

Of the 30 cats included in this study and classified according to the WHO guidelines, peripheral T-cell lymphoma was the most prevalent lymphoma subtype (37% of cases; n = 11), followed by diffuse large B-cell (23%; n = 7), intestinal T-cell (10%; n = 3), T-cell-rich B-cell (10%; n = 3), large granular lymphocytic (7%; n = 2), anaplastic large T-cell (7%; n = 2), B-cell small lymphocytic (3%; n = 1) and T-cell angiotropic lymphoma (3%; n = 1). The median survival time (MST) was 5.4 months (range 6 days to 2.2 years), with two cats still alive after 1.7 and 2.0 years, respectively. Treating cats prior to chemotherapy with glucocorticoids did not worsen their prognosis. Adding to chemotherapy, radiotherapy or surgery did not improve the clinical outcome. We observed that patients with intestinal T-cell lymphoma lived significantly longer (MST 1.7 years) than those with a diffuse large B-cell (MST 4.5 months) or peripheral T-cell lymphoma (MST 6.1 months). Cats with T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma survived significantly longer (MST 1.2 years) than those with a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Conclusions and relevance

A detailed diagnosis of feline lymphoma can be obtained by allocating different subtypes according to the WHO classification. From the eight detected lymphoma subtypes, two, intestinal T-cell lymphoma and T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma, showed promising survival times in cats.