bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of mammalian insectivores Rattus rattus (Rat), Mus musculus (Mouse) & Erinaceus europeus (Hedgehog) on the size and abundance of mainland Coleoptera and Orthoptera
Authors:   , Hewitt Thomas
Published: September 2021

The impact of introduced mammalian predators on indigenous vertebrates is relatively well documented, however the general responses of indigenous invertebrate communities is less well known. Many indigenous invertebrates, particularly the large flightless species such as those in the genus Deinacrida (Orthoptera) and Anagotus (Curculionidae) have been extirpated from much of their range due largely to the impacts of introduced predators. Despite these well-known examples very little is known about the general impact of introduced predators on invertebrate communities. Beginning in 2012 pitfall traps and artificial wētā motels were established across seven study sites in the Aorangi and Remutaka ranges east of Wellington alternately baited with squid and monitored two to three times annually. Mammal tracking took place in the form of tracking tunnels giving three mammal indexes for rats (Rattus rattus), mice (Mus musculus) and hedgehogs (Erinaceus europeus). Cavity dwelling wētā in wētā motels were measured and counted in situ whilst pitfall trapped Coleoptera and Orthoptera were transported to the lab for measuring and identification. Linear mixed effects model, type 3 ANOVAS and generalised linear mixed models were used to examine whether mammal index had any impact on the size and the catch or occupancy of invertebrates. Increased rat and mouse tracking was associated with reduced coleoptera catch whilst increased hedgehog tracking was correlated with increases in Coleoptera catch. Pitfall trapped wētā (Hemiandrus spp) showed strong negative responses to increased rat tracking, neutral responses to mice and positive responses to hedgehogs. Tree wētā (Hemideina crassidens) occupancy rates declined in response to increased mouse abundance whilst the mean size of tree wētā residing in wētā motels showed an increase in response to rats and mice. These results show the complexity of understanding mammal invertebrate interactions which cannot be expected to be the same in all environments or across all taxa. Environmental factors typically impact far more strongly on invertebrate populations than they do on vertebrates and can obscure the impacts of top down predation in such studies. The results reported in this study only became apparent after 5+ years of sampling, demonstrating the importance of long-term temporal analysis of invertebrate communities in response to mammals before trends start to emerge. More research is required into the basic ecology and population dynamics of invertebrate communities before more general trends can be discerned.
None
Authors: A Dr. Suchetha
Published: September 2021

None
Oral Verrucous Hyperplasia: A Case Report
Authors: Guru Dr. Sanjeela , Reddy Dr. Adithya , Padmanabhan Dr. Shyam , Guru Dr. Rakshith
Published: September 2021

Oral Verrucous Hyperplasia is considered as an initialtype of verrucous carcinoma, representing a plausible malignant transformationof the oral mucous membrane. Studies have documented that verrucous hyperplasia transforms into verrucous carcinoma quite consistently and hence both theselesions should be managed identically. The present article reports the case of a 62-year-old male patient whoseprimary complaintwas that of a non-scrapableexophytic warty white outgrowth on edentulous alveolar ridge in the right upper posterior tooth region of the jaw. The growth was provisionally diagnosed as Squamous papilloma. Excision of the exophyticlesion was doneand the tissue biopsy sent for histopathological examination. Histopathologic examination suggested that the lesion was Oral Verrucous hyperplasia. 3 month follow-up of the patient revealed no signs of recurrence.
Persistent Lip Sucking Mimicking Puetz - Jeghers Syndrome - A Rare Presentation of Two Cases.
Authors: Gouda S Dr.Siddana , R Dr.Sangeetha
Published: September 2021

The lip sucking habit affecting the orofacial regions are commonly seen in the young children’s. The lip sucking habit is considered as normal up to the particular age of the child, Persistence of the habit beyond that age will cause considerable effects on the normal growth of the orofacial structures. Lip sucking with excessive force over a time can cause the scaring and pigmentation of the skin around the lips over the area where the incisal edges of the anterior teeth meet the skin surface. This perioral scarring and pigmentation must be differentiated from the condition and syndromes. Here, we are reporting two cases with persistent lip sucking habit presented with the perioral scarring and pigmentation mimicking Puetz - Jeghers syndrome.
Comparative evaluation of genotoxic effect in subjects with chronic periodontitis with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Lulla Dr.Smruti , Mali Dr.Amita , AashwiinMiglani Dr. , VidyaDodwad Dr. , SachinMangalekar Dr. , SandeepPatil Dr.
Published: September 2021

Aims: The aim of the study was to compare the genotoxic effect by assessing the micronucleus frequency (MNF), as a biomarker for DNA damage, in subjects with chronic periodontitis with and without type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Methods and Material: For the study, a total of 65 subjects were take and divided into three groups. Group A included 30 subjects with Generalised Chronic Periodontitis, Group Bincluded 30 Subjects with Chronic Periodontitis with type 2 diabetes mellitus and Group C included 5 systemically and periodontally healthy subjects. Periodontal clinical examination was carried out. A slide was prepared using the blood sample collected from the subjects which was fixed in 5% geimsa solution and was observed under the microscope. Later the scoring of micronuclei was done. Statistical analysis used: Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were carried out in the present study. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to find the significance of study parameters and test the equality of three or more means of more than two groups. Tukey’s post hoc analysis was used to compare parameters of each and every group. Results: The mean score of the micronuclei observed in group A, B and C were 10.23, 14.87 and 1 respectively i.e. group B showed significantly greater damage than other two groups. Conclusions: It was concluded that the score of micronucleus frequency may be considered as an important biomarker of genotoxic damage that is DNA damage in subjects with chronic localised as well as systemic diseases like type 2 diabetes, as well as Periodontal diseases.
Relevance of post-operative radiographs in maxillofacial fractures- A retrospective multicentre study
Authors: N Vaibhav , GK, Vivek , Shetty Akshay , Kamath Shashidhara , Ghosh Abhishek
Published: September 2021

The practice of ordering post-operative radiograph is a topic of debate with questions being raised about its usefulness and relevance. In most institutions it is being practised as a part of treatment protocol in all patients with fractures in the maxillofacial region. The aim of this retrospective multicentre study is to assess the need for post-operative radiographs by analyzing its impact on the immediate post surgical management and clinical course. We conducted a retrospective multicentre study in which we analyzed case records of patients with maxillofacial fractures treated under GA or LA during the period Jun 2010 to June 2016. The search yielded 343 case files with a follow-up period of minimum one month. Of these only 3 (0.9%) were re-operated because of findings of the post-operative radiograph. Considering their ability to predict post-operative complications, their benefits, and the potential risks, we recommend that clinical findings alone should dictate the need for ‘check’ post-operative radiographs. The practice of ordering post-operative radiographs routinely for all cases should be discouraged.
Accuracy of cone beam computed tomography in predicting the linear dimensions of impacted maxillary canines- A clinical study
Authors: Ahmed Dr. Nausheer , Shetty S Dr. Nityanand , Padmini Dr.M.N , Kumar N Dr. Kiran , Suryavanshi Dr. Shraddha , Waremani Dr.Afshan S
Published: September 2021

Background and Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the accuracy of CBCT by comparing the linear measurements of impacted maxillary canines measured by CBCT scans with physical measurements from digital calipers. Method: 18 patients in the age group of 13 years and above having impacted maxillary canine/s classified as sector III or IVwith complete root formation and willing for surgical extractionwere included. CBCT scan was taken of the quadrant of interest using KODAK 9000 3D Extraoral Imaging System. All linear measurements (mesiodistal width, labiolingual width and total length of tooth) were carried out. After the atraumatic surgical removal of impacted canines, the teeth were collected and the same measurements were made by digital calipers, using the same points as those used for the CBCT scans. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Intra and inter observer reliability was excellent as coefficient of correlation was above 0.92 for all digital caliper and CBCT measurements. Comparison of intra-examiner CBCT and Digital Caliper methods in measurements of labiolingual width, mesiodistal width and total tooth length by Paired-t test showed no statistically significant difference for labiolingual width and mesiodistal. Conclusion: The labiolingual and mesiodistal tooth width measurements from CBCT scans were accurate and the differences between the digital caliper and CBCT measurements were not statistically significant. Total tooth length measurements derived from the CBCT images were less accurate compared with the actual measurements.
Analyzing Active Volcanoes in Space and Time on Jupiter's Moon, Io
Authors:   ,   University of Redlands, Montez Morghan
Published: September 2021

Jupiter's moon, Io, is the most volcanic planetary object in the solar system. Io's active volcanoes have only been previously studied independently in space and time, but not simultaneously. With using geographic information systems (GIS), the ArcGIS Pro software has tools in a toolbox called Space Time Pattern Mining that can analyze these active volcanoes in a concurrent study. In order to achieve a concurrent study, the project was constructed in two parts: analysis and visualizations. The analysis part involved using the tools in the Space Time Pattern Mining toolbox provided space-time aspects that would analyze the client􀂶s database. The client􀂶s database is data from the NASA􀂶s Galileo Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) instrument that was used in the Rathbun, Lopes, and Spencer (2018) publication. As for the visualization part, this part involved using 3-D symbology from the volcano point feature, to illustrate a time frame in days of the brightness (aka volcano eruption strength) on the Local Scene map and the Globe Scene map. Both parts of the project presented compelling results that identified and achieved in seeing significant clustering in space and time concurrently, along with seeing a particular part on Io that exhibited eruptions more frequently than the other part.
Effect of leptin on LH and FSH release in ovariectomized rats
Authors: Shebl M. M.
Published: September 2021

We compared the estradiol/progesterone-induced luteinizing hormone [LH] and follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH] release between normally fed and leptin-supplemented starved ovariectomized female rats and studied also the effect of hyper-leptinaemia on the steroid-induced hormonal release in normally fed ovariectomized rats. Three days’ starvation completely abolished steroid-induced LH and FSH release. Significant recovery of the hormonal release was shown in the leptin-supplemented starved group. The magnitudes of LH and FSH release in the normally fed animals with a higher dose of leptin were statistically the same as those in the normally fed group without leptin. These observations indicate that physiological concentrations of circulating leptin exert a stimulatory effect on steroid-induced LH and FSH release.
[Pollution by wastewater for olive oil mills and drinking-water production: case study of River Sebou in Morocco]
Authors: Foutlane A. , Saadallah M. , Echihabi L. , Bourchich L.
Published: September 2021

The National Office for Drinking Water [ONEP], responsible for the drinking-water supply in Morocco, faces serious difficulties in producing water of good quality at a reasonable price from the River Sebou waters. The ONEP’s three water treatment plants have been disrupted or even stopped due to the poor quality of waters received. The main source of pollution is the urban and industrial waste of the town of Fes, compounded by episodic pollution caused by the olive oil mills of Fes and its surrounding area. The ONEP study shows that the additional production costs incurred as a result of the pollution by wastewater from olive oil mills far exceeds the drinking-water rates charged in the study area.
Relationship between demographic characteristics and community-acquired urinary tract infection
Authors: Astal Z. Y.
Published: September 2021

To investigate the effect of age, sex and marital status on the etiology of community-acquired urinary tract infection and the antimicrobial resistance of uropathogens, urine specimens collected from 270 outpatients were analysed and 121 significant monomicrobial cultures obtained. The microorganisms were identified and their susceptibility to 14 selected antimicrobial agents was determined. These results were then related to the age, sex and marital status of the patients. This study concludes that understanding the effect of the different factors on community-acquired urinary tract infections and their antimicrobial resistance will aid the proper management of this disease.
Causes of blindness and needs of the blind in Mansoura, Egypt
Authors: El Gilany A. H. , El Fedawy S. , Tharwat M.
Published: September 2021

A study of 113 blind people in Mansoura, Egypt highlighted the causes and risk factors for blindness, and health and social care needs of the blind. In two-thirds of cases, blindness occurred before 10 years of age. Risk factors for blindness were reported by more than half the study population. Congenital causes accounted for almost half the cases. The commonest causes of bilateral blindness were corneal opacities, cataract and glaucoma. Almost three-quarters of causes were avoidable. Health and social care for this group was inadequate and more than half would benefit from further management. Legislation for keratoplasty, a registry of blind people, and a nationwide community survey on the epidemiology of blindness are needed urgently.
Passive smoking in children: facts and public health implications
Authors: El Ansari W.
Published: September 2021

This study measured cotinine/creatinine ratios among 60 children in Alexandria, Egypt whose parent [s] smoked and 20 control children whose parents reported not smoking to show that passive smoker children were more exposed than controls. Among the passive smoker children, girls were more exposed, 35% of the population burden of cotinine was among those aged 0-2 years, and exposure significantly decreased with the child’s age. Passive smoker children whose fathers smoked “lighter” cigarettes had higher exposure levels than those whose fathers smoked regular brands. Educational programmes should increase awareness of the ill-effects of environmental tobacco smoke, and health professionals should advise parents who smoke on quitting smoking rather than switching to a “lighter” cigarette brand.
Assessment of a breast cancer screening programme in Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
Authors: Hadi N. , Sadeghi Hassanabadi A. , Talei A. R. , Arasteh M. M. , Kazerooni T.
Published: September 2021

A breast cancer screening programme was evaluated for approximately 10, 000 women aged 35 years and older. There were 67 cases of breast cancer. Highest rates of attendance were seen among younger women [35-44 years] and middle socioeconomic groups. Lowest rates were among those aged over 65 years and low socioeconomic groups. The rate of detection by self-examination was similar to that by health personnel examination. At all stages of screening, positive findings were most common among the high socioeconomic class. Attendance decreased steadily from first to last stages of serial screening. Although mammography is the most sensitive method of detection, because of its high cost we suggest establishing breast self-examination education programmes and encouraging women to self-examine.
In-home drug storage and utilization habits: a Sudanese study
Authors: Yousif M. A.
Published: September 2021

Community drug-use habits were studied in 469 household units in different areas of Sudan. About 97.7% of the investigated families had at least one drug product stored at home. The study revealed a high rate of self-medication [46.9%], repeated use of unfinished stored drugs [55.0%], a high rate of drug exchange among families [59.3%] and poor compliance [71.2%]. In Sudan there is still a great need to educate and to motivate the general public regarding the principles of rational drug use in order to safeguard health and avoid economic losses.
Osteoporosis
Authors: Al Khawajah F. F.
Published: September 2021

It is well known that people, especially white people, are getting osteoporosis more often than previously thought. Until now, no direct causative factor has been determined, but genetic factors are very likely to be involved. Usually, affected individuals are initially asymptomatic while the disease process is going on, and they come to the attention of the medical profession only late when their bones are fractured as a result of a simple trauma. Also it is vital to let people know that heavy sports, at times, can be harmful.
Growth of preschool children in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya: regional and sociodemographic differences
Authors: Hameida J. , Billot L. , Deschamps J. P.
Published: September 2021

This cross-sectional study was performed in two regions of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. The aim was to study the growth and nutritional status of children under 5 years of age and the effect of socioeconomic factors on child development. Anthropometric indices [weight-for-age, height-for-age and weight-for-height] differed in the two regions. The prevalence of stunting was significantly higher among children from mainly rural Al Jabel Al Garby [6.1%] than those from urban Tripoli [2.5%]. The z-scores that correlated strongly with under-nutrition included: mother’s education, child’s age and sex, and region. Stunting was significantly related to age and region and to maternal education level and family size. Wasting was highly correlated with maternal education.
Evaluation of drug use in Jordan using WHO patient care and health facility indicators
Authors: Otoom S. , Batieha A. , Hadidi H. , Hasan M. , Al Saudi K.
Published: September 2021

We prospectively studied current drug use in Jordan in 21 primary health care facilities in northern Jordan over a three-month period, using World Health Organization-recommended indicators. Both the mean time spent on physician-patient consultations [3.9 +/- 3.5 minutes] and mean pharmacy dispensing time [28.8 +/- 23.7 seconds] were short, resulting in a mean patient knowledge of prescribed drug dose of 77.7%. No centre had an essential drugs list and/or formulary available. An average of 80% of key drugs were available at centres. Baseline data gathered by this study can be used by researchers and policymakers to monitor and improve pharmaceutical prescribing and consumption practices in Jordan.
Knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about HIV/AIDS in Sana’a, Yemen
Authors: Al Serouri A. W. , Takioldin M. , Oshish H. , Al Dobaibi A. , Abdel Majed A.
Published: September 2021

Although HIV prevalence is low in the Republic of Yemen, existing conditions could lead to the rapid spread of HIV/AIDS. Interviewers helped 1033 residents aged 14-49 years from randomly chosen households to complete a survey of knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about HIV/AIDS. General awareness was good, although there were many misconceptions about transmission modes, stigmas and discrimination against HIV positive persons. Knowledge was significantly determined by schooling, residence and sex. Although they recognized the global threat of AIDS, participants underestimated its threat to the Republic of Yemen. Television was the commonest source of information. Fostering public awareness is recommended to facilitate the development of intervention programmes, fight stigmas and ensure delivery of care to those affected.
Risk behaviours associated with urethritis and genital ulcer disease in prison inmates, Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Akhtar S. , Luby S. P.
Published: September 2021

We evaluated the epidemiological differences with respect to demographics, drug use and sexual behaviours associated with lifetime risk of urethritis, genital ulcer disease [GUD] and urethritis and GUD together among 3395 male prisoners in Sindh. Factors associated with urethritis and GUD alone were sex with multiple females, sex with men, and ethnicity. Additional factors associated with urethritis alone were sex with prostitutes, sex with partners having multiple partners and sex with partners believed to be injecting drugs. Behaviours associated with lifetime risk for urethritis and GUD together were sex with multiple females, sex with prostitutes, sex with men, sex with partners believed to be injecting drugs and ethnicity. These relationships were consistently stronger compared to urethritis or GUD alone.
[Vulvar pathology]
Authors: Zouhair K.
Published: September 2021

We evaluated the main causes of vulvar dermatoses; in 785 patients with a vulvar diseases who visited Ibn Rochd Hospital Centre, Casablanca between January 1991 and December 2002. The average age was 31 years [range 2 months to 81 years] ; 362 patients [41.52%] had vulvar pruritus, 273 patients [34.77%] had warts and 157 [20%] had one or more vulva ulcers. The most common infectious pathology was papillomavirus infection, found in 273 cases [34.77%], followed by vulvovaginal candidiases in 102 cases [12.99%], syphilitic chancre in 18 cases [2.29%] and herpes genitalis in 17 cases [2.16%]. The most common non-infectious pathology was vulvar dermatosis: 259 cases [32.99%] ; idiopathic pruritus vulvae: 61 cases [7.7%] ; and tumour-related conditions: 45 cases [5.6%]. The frequency of infectious conditions was over 50% and these were generally sexually transmitted infections.
[Knowledge and behaviour of individuals towards sandflies’ vectors of leishmaniasis in Morocco]
Authors: El-Mouhdi Karima , Fekhaoui Mohammed , Rzeq Mariam , Ennassih Yousra , Chahlaoui Abdelkader
Published: September 2021

Background: Sandflies are active vectors of several diseases, including leishmaniasis, which Morocco hopes to eliminate by 2030. Despite efforts to limit their spread, they still remain a public health problem in the country, as the behaviour of individuals in relation to sandflies plays an important role in the sustainability of the epidemiological cycle. Aims: To explore and determine the knowledge and behaviours related to sandfly diseases. Methods: A quantitative method was adopted using a questionnaire assisted by a personal interview. Based on the epidemiological situation of leishmaniasis cases reported in recent years in Al-Hajeb province, we conducted a field survey among 281 persons in April and May 2019 residing in the communities where the cases of the disease are registered. Results: 61.6% of Moroccans know sandflies by the name “Chniwla”; 44.1% thought that sandflies do not transmit diseases; 41.3% thought they multiplied in contaminated water; 52.7% thought sandfly bites could not be avoided; and 6.4% recognized the role of individuals in the fight against vectors. Conclusions: The need to raise public awareness of the risks of sandflies, using the popular concepts obtained to simplify scientific terms and formulate targeted health education strategies that make the individual an active player in vector control.
ANALYSIS OF THE METHODS OF FORMATION OF THE TRANSFER PRICE AND THE POSSIBILITY OF ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN THE PERFORMANCE OF BUSINESS ENTITIES
Authors:   Tashkent state university of economics of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Khasanova Risolat
Published: September 2021

The article examines the experience of transfer pricing in world practice. In particular, the option of using an alternative transfer pricing scenario was considered. It was determined the need to include the profits of each division in the calculation sheet of the cost of production as a separate item. The possibilities of introducing this experience into the process of forming transfer pricing of enterprises operating in the form of clusters and cooperatives are analyzed. As a result of the study, conclusions were formed, scientific proposals and practical recommendations were given on this problem.
PROBLEMS OF TRAINING SPECIALISTS IN THE FIELD OF TOURISM IN UZBEKISTAN
Authors:   Tashkent state university of economics of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Safaeva Sayyora
Published: September 2021

This article examines the problems of training specialists in the field of tourism in Uzbekistan, as a result of which the author developed the following proposals: the creation of a regional network of employment services; improving the system oftraining platforms and network training centers; revise the system of professional development and training of teachers in the field of tourism and hospitality; creation of innovative scientific and practical centers
DO GENDER EMPLOYMENT AND WAGE DISPARITIES AFFECT LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY IN NIGERIA?
Authors:   Department of Economics, Babcock University, Ogun State, Nigeria, Abaneme Esther Ngozi , Okwu Andy Titus ,   Department of Economics, Babcock University, Ogun State, Nigeria, Obiakor Rowland Tochukwu ,   Department of Economics Babcock University, Ilishan - Remo, Nigeria
Published: September 2021

Labour productivity is a vital economic indicator that is closely linked to competitiveness, economic growth and living standard within an economy. It provides the general information about efficiency and quality of human capital in the production process. This study examined the effects of gender employment and wage disparities on sectoral labour productivity in Nigeria for the period 1991 to 2019, using error correction model (ECM). The results showed that the effects of gender employment and wage disparities on labour productivity differed in the sectors, both in the short-run and long-run. The finding remained valid even when the disparities were moderated with education. Therefore, the study concluded that the effects of gender disparities on productivity in the sectors were heterogeneous. Consequently, the paper emphasised the need for the Federal Government of Nigeria to implement female education-friendly policies. Also, there is the need for employers in the Nigeria productive sectors to jettison gender prejudice in their employment decisions so as to engender increased and sustainable labour productivity.
SMART CITY DEVELOPMENT, URBAN GOVERNANCE AND AFFORDABLE HOUSING IN LAGOS NIGERIA
Authors:   Department of Architheture, Caleb University, Lagos. Nigeria, Odefadehan Christian
Published: September 2021

Smart city is a major discussion in metropolitan planning and governance as it involves using technology to create livable spaces for the present and the future; it also considers issues of mobility, governance, economy and energy production. The innovation of smart city initiative can be beneficial to urban planning and policies for house provision. The housing challenge is a prominent issue in Lagos, the economic capital of Nigeria with more than 20 million inhabitants. Despite the attempts by the Lagos state government to create low-cost housing for citizens living and working in the city, there are still enormously high housing deficits because of the city’s overpopulation and limited resources. The city still lacks adequate infrastructures for mobility, networking and affordable housing as some people come from other states to work in the state; this has increased the urban carbon emissions. Yet, emerging discourses on housing infrastructure have rarely engaged the smart city question in urban governance of Lagos. Although there is a plethora of literature interrogating urbanization processes and housing, there are feeble attempts at explaining the notion of the smart city as the panacea for infrastructural inadequacies and urban development. This research examines the concept of smart city and its implication for urban governance structures and affordable housing in Lagos, drawing information and data from interviews and relevant secondary sources. The relevance of this study is to the government, private sector and architectural community is formulating policies through the application of the smart city concept in a megacity in a developing country like Lagos.
INFLUENCE OF CONTENT FRAMING ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MEDIA AND AUDIENCE PERCEPTION OF WILDLIFE CONSERVATION DISCOURSE IN KENYA
Authors:   Department of Human Resource, School of Business at Karatina University, Nyeri County, Kenya., Jinaro Paul Mburu , Macharia Juliet ,   Department of Human Resource Development,  School of Business,  Karatina University, Nyeri County, Kenya., Kiumbe Paul ,   Department of Human Resource Development, Karatina University,Nyeri, Kenya
Published: September 2021

Audience perception of wildlife conservation discourse in Kenya has been negative as evidenced in the results of conservation efforts. The purpose of this study was to interrogate the moderating influence of media content framing in the relationship between media and audience perception. The study employed convergent parallel mixed methods design. The population in this study comprised of three groups namely; sampled media practitioners in three media houses in Kenya; residents living next to national parks in four out of the eight conservation areas in Kenya as delineated by Kenya Wildlife Service; and park managers in the four sampled national parks. A questionnaire was administered to 83 human-wildlife conflict resolution committee members. This generated quantitative data while qualitative data was generated from interviews with 6 media practitioner, 12 park managers, and Focus Group Discussions with 4 groups of human-wildlife conflict resolution committee officials each comprising of 8 participants The study applied both qualitative and quantitative analytical techniques. Results indicated that half (50%) of the total respondents from the three media houses focus on messages that can solve the conflicts that exist between wildlife and human beings as a factor when framing wildlife conservation messages touching on human-wildlife conflict. There was a general perception among participants that the media tend to emphasize the interests of state (KWS) more than those of the common man, thus the view that the media cannot fully be trusted to report matters from the perspective of the common man. This undermines the role of the media in educating the audience to appreciate wildlife and therefore conserve it. The study concludes that the target audiences are not satisfied with the manner in which these messages are communicated. As the media highlight the plight of the wildlife, it should equally communicate the plight of the communities.The study therefore reocommends more training of journalists and park managers to enhance sensitive flaming and reporting of wildlife conservation messages.
TRENDS OF KIDNAPPING AND HOSTAGE TAKING IN 21ST CENTURY NIGERIA: A REFLECTIVE DISCOURSE
Authors:   Department of Criminology, Security, Peace and Conflict Studies, Caleb University, Imota, Lagos State, Obileye Abolaji Adewale , George Kayode ,   Department of Criminology, Security, Peace and Conflict Studies, Caleb University, Imota, Lagos State
Published: September 2021

Kidnapping and hostage taking activities have geometrically increased across the world, taking different forms. These activities for money and other reasons have contributed immensely to the state of insecurity of average Nigerian from within and outside the territory. It is on this note that this paper addresses the trends of kidnapping and hostage taking in Nigeria, its causes, implications and how best to arrest the worrisome situation. Relevant existing body of knowledge were reviewed according to the objectives of the paper. The research design for the paper was explanatory in nature where rational choice theory, routine activity theory and situational crime prevention were adopted to buttress the understanding of the subject matter. Based on the reviewed literature, it was found that the trend of kidnapping and hostage taking in the 21st century Nigeria is on the “high” side thereby needing urgent attention from all stakeholders; Nigerian government, non-governmental organisations, private bodies and all citizens. It is, therefore, recommended that increased effort to fight kidnapping and hostage taking should be made possible by the Nigerian government. This would make the risk of involving in kidnapping related activities higher than the expected benefit; to deter offenders and potential ones from committing such act. Also, capturing the geographical boundary of Nigeria with sophisticated gadget will help reduce the chances of being a victim of kidnapping. These strategies would make kidnapping unattractive to the motivated offender since the opportunity to commit such crime no longer exists.
The history of Medieval Russia
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Sherstyuk M.V.
Published: September 2021

The proposed textbook takes into account the peculiarities of teaching the discipline "History (history of Russia, general history)" to students of higher agricultural educational institutions. This textbook is intended for independent study as a supplement to the lecture courses "History (history of Russia, general history)" and "Cultural Studies" for students studying in the following areas: 36.03.02 Animal Science, 06.03.01 Biology, 36.05.01 Veterinary Medicine and 36.03.01 Veterinary and sanitary expertise.
The culture of medieval Russia
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Sherstyuk M.V.
Published: September 2021

The proposed textbook takes into account the peculiarities of teaching the disciplines "Cultural Studies" and "History (history of Russia, general history)" to students of higher agricultural educational institutions. This textbook is intended for self-study as a supplement to the lecture courses "Cultural Studies" and "History (history of Russia, general history)" for students studying in the following areas: 36.03.02 Animal Science, 06.03.01 Biology, 36.05.01 Veterinary Medicine and 36.03.01 Veterinary and sanitary examination
RETICENCE AS A STRATEGY OF THE WOMEN’S AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL TEXT OF SOVIET TIMES
Authors: Zhygun Snizhana
Published: September 2021

The subject of the study is the system of reticence techniques in the women’s autobiography of O.Ivanenko, the Ukrainian writer of the 20th century. Western theorists of women’s autobiography (M.Mason, E.Jelinek) considered relativity, fragmentation, nonlinearity as qualities that define it. However, the concept of L. Gilmore, who considers autobiography as a writing strategy that constructs its object, allows us to raise the question of the potential functions of constructive techniques in this text. These and many other studies analyze the autobiographies of women in the Western world, leaving aside the writings of Eastern Europeans, however, the works of those who had to live in Soviet conditions are of particular interest for various reasons. The aim of the proposed study is to show the peculiarities of the creation and functioning of the women’s autobiographics in ideological societies on the example of Oksana Ivanenko’s memoirs Always in Life. The research methodology is based on women’s studies and discursive analysis.

As a result of the study, it was found that in Ivanenko’s memoirs the theme of creative self-realization and literature as a whole pushes aside the narrative that Western theorists consider to be the main one for women's biography: comprehending their own female experience (first of all, love, marriage, motherhood). The relativity, embodied in the genre of the essay, allowed the author to talk about oneself, when she wanted it, and at the right moment to return to the pseudo-object. The non-linearity of the narrative helps to emphasize advantageous moments and to avoid forced chronology. But fragmentation and heterogeneity allow the woman writer not to build a holistic narrative about oneself, but to offer «flickering» content to readers.

Thus, feeling ideological pressure, the author escaped memories not only of the difficult period in Ukrainian history, but also of important events in her life, ignoring her true experience. This means that an autobiographical work may be called upon not to record a true experience but to create a socially acceptable version of the writer.
THREE MEN'S NOVELS ABOUT THE REVOLUTION OF DIGNITY: POETICS AND MYTHOLOGY OF THE MAIDAN
Authors: Kozlov Roman
Published: September 2021

The article examines three novels about the Revolution of Dignity, written by men and published in 2015: “Fiery Winter” by Andriy Kokotyukha, “Maidan Semester” by Kyryl Halushko, “2014” by Vladyslav Ivchenko. Among other works on this subject, they are already partially characterized by critics and scholars. This article focuses on the mythologized geo-image of the Maidan, which is a source of metaphorical meanings and ultimately reveals itself in the archetypes of Chaos / Harmony / Order and Own / Stranger. This study is one of the stages in the study of the strategy of forming collective memory in Ukrainian novels about Euromaidan and was partially tested in the form of a report at the conference. The key results were achieved through a combination of the concept of artistic understanding of the myth by Northrop Fry and aspects of artistic myth-making by Elena Bondareva, which made it possible to identify the main areas of study of the key for all three plots geo-image. The place of the Maidan topos in the structure of the plots is traced, in particular its first appearance. It is concluded that the authors rely on the positive mythology present in the mind of the reader, developing its semantics in accordance with the attitude of the characters to the events of the Revolution of Dignity. The potential of binary oppositions is traced in this. It is established that a larger number and variety of characters allow the author to develop the metaphorical semantics of the Maidan mythology (V. Ivchenko), while the limited system of characters (A. Kokotyukha) preserves the semantic potential of the Maidan topos, reduces it to retransmission of already formed families. K. Halushko takes a different approach, allowing his character to change his views as a result of participating in revolutionary events. Further analysis showed that the undeveloped metaphorization of the Maidan topos does not allow A. Kokotyukha to engage in appropriate archetypes to deepen the semantics of the work as a whole. Instead, the other two authors, despite their different ways of constructing the plot, succeeded. As a result, an assumption was made about the further artistic understanding of the theme of the Revolution of Dignity and the potential of the relevant artistic strategies. The proposed approach requires further testing on a larger array of works.
Evaluation of the spring soft wheat collection in the conditions of the central region of the non-chernozem zone of Russia
Authors: Voronchikhina Irina Nikolaevna , Voronchikhin Victor Viktorovich , Rubets Valentina Sergeevna , Pylnev Vladimir Valentinovich , Klepikova Anastasia Sergeevna
Published: September 2021

The results of a study of 12 varieties of spring soft wheat in the conditions of Central region of the Nonchernozem zone of Russia in 2019-2020 are presented in order to isolate the most valuable source material in terms of yield and grain quality. A comprehensive assessment of economically useful traits was carried out - yield, resistance to fungal diseases and lodging, protein and gluten content, an assessment of baking qualities was carried out. Also, all varieties of the spring soft wheat collection were evaluated by the index method, and an index evaluation was carried out. It was found that the Ekada 66 variety (613.4 g / m2) is significantly more productive in comparison with the standard Zlata variety (449.9 g / m2). The varieties Hercules, KVS Akvilon, Ekada 109, Tyumenskaya 25, Chernozemno-Uralskaya 2 and Sudarynya also showed high yields, which are at the standard level. It was revealed that the varieties Hercules, KVS Akvilon, Ekada 109 and Ekada 66 were characterized by complex resistance to lodging and the main fungal diseases against a natural infectious background. It was found that the varieties Heracles, Kinelskaya Otrada, KVS Akvilon, Ekada 113 and Tyumenskaya 25 have the highest values of the complex indices, therefore, these varieties are recommended to be used in further breeding for high yield and grain quality.
Productivity and nutritional value of Sudanese grass when cultivated for green fodder
Authors: Pleskachev Yuri Nikolaevich , Laptina Julia Alexandrovna , Gichenkova Olga Gennadievna , Kulikova Natalya Alexandrovna
Published: September 2021

Increasing the productivity and quality of forage crops is a necessary condition for creating a solid feed base that will ensure the full feeding of farm animals. The paper considers the results of studies on the influence of mineral fertilizers and pre-sowing seed treatment with Raikat Start on the production processes of the Sudan grass of the Julia variety on chestnut soils in the Lower Volga region. It was found that the highest yield of green mass of Sudan grass 28.6 t / ha was formed on the variant with the introduction of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N120 P120 K90 + N30 and the growth stimulator Raikat Start, the increase to the control was 9.3 t / ha. This variant also showed a decrease in the fiber content and an increase in the proportion of pro-tein from 7.05 % in the first cut to 8.28 % in the third cut. The application of mineral fertilizers in the studied dose provided a green mass of Sudan grass that was safe for agricultural animals with a nitrate content of no more than 407 mg/kg.
Conflict-related factors of migration: the specifics of the Far Eastern Federal District
Authors:   Institute for Demographic Research, FCTAS RAS, Ledeneva Victoria Yu.
Published: September 2021

The article analyzes the conflict-generating factors of migration processes in the Far Eastern Federal District, which affect not only changes in the demographic composition of the population, but also form new interethnic relations, which have recently been most often perceived by the local popula- tion negatively and acquire a conflict-generating connotation. A feature of the migration processes in the Far Eastern Federal District is the fact that the inflow of migrants occurs against the background of the incessant outflow of the local population of Slavic origin. Such shifts in the structure of the population lead to a deterioration of the socio-economic situation and interethnic conflicts, in which both external migrants and the local population are involved. Formed migration trends require an integrated approach to the regulation of migration, which cannot be provided with only one program for the resettlement of compatriots in the Far Eastern Federal District. Unfortunately, the absence of any other state programs in the field of migration does not exist today, which sig- nificantly complicates the already tense situation in the region. Special emphasis in the article is made on the sphere of interethnic relations and social adaptation of migrants. The lack of attention of the regional authorities to solving these problems poses a threat not only to national, but also to the cultural and social security of society. The author offers recommendations on the effectiveness of the policy in the field of interethnic relations and the adaptation of migrants.
Optimization of the design of the pig launcher-receiver chambers of cleaning and diagnostic tools
Authors: Флегентов Илья Александрович , Кулешов Алексей Викторович
Published: September 2021

По результатам проведенного анализа конструктивных решений камер пуска-приема средств очистки и диагностики (КПП СОД), применяемых при технической диагностике и техническом обслуживании магистральных трубопроводов в России и за рубежом, был установлен ряд проблем существующих конструкций, снижающих эксплуатационную надежность данного вида оборудования. Это, в свою очередь, обусловило актуальность задачи оптимизации конструкции КПП СОД, в том числе в части унификации используемых при их изготовлении деталей, увеличения доли заводских изделий. Были приняты решения, обеспечившие комплексный подход к вопросу повышения надежности и ремонтопригодности оборудования - разработана новая конструкция КПП СОД, позволяющая снизить металлоемкость и трудоемкость при изготовлении, сократить эксплуатационные затраты, повысить технологичность и прочностные характеристики. В рамках решения данной задачи выполнены расчетно-теоретические исследования с применением прикладного программного комплекса SIMULIA Abaqus. Надежность оптимизированной конструкции подтверждена результатами испытаний на прочность опытного образца КПП СОД с номинальным диаметром рабочей камеры DN 1000. Разработан типоразмерный ряд КПП СОД усовершенствованной конструкции с номинальными диаметрами рабочей камеры DN 150-1200 для применения на магистральных нефте- и нефтепродуктопроводах.

Based on the results of the analysis of the design solutions of launching and receiver stations of pipeline inspection gauges (pig launchers-receivers) used in process diagnostics and maintenance of main pipelines in Russia and abroad, a number of applied design issues was established. This, in turn, led to the relevance of the issue of optimizing the design of pig launchers and receivers, including the unification of parts used in their manufacture, thereby increasing the share of factory-made products. Decisions were made that provided a comprehensive approach to the issue of improving the operational reliability of this type of equipment - a new design of pig launchers and receivers was developed, which allows to reduce production metal consumption and labor intensity, reduce operating costs, increase constructability and reliability. As part of the solution of this issue, computational and theoretical studies using the SIMULIA Abacus software package were carried out. The reliability of the optimized design is confirmed by the results of durability tests of the pig launcher and receiver prototype with the nominal diameter of the working chamber of DN 1000. A dimension range of advanced designs of pig launchers and receivers with nominal working chamber diameters of DN 150-1200 for use in main oil and petroleum product pipelines was developed.