bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENTAL MORPHOLOGY OF THE INFLORESCENCE IN HEXAPLOID WHEAT CULTIVARS WITH AND WITHOUT THE CULTIVAR NORIN 10 IN THEIR ANCESTRY
Authors: FISHER JOHN E.
Published: March 2010

The morphological development of the spike in short-statured hexaploid wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) derived from the cultivar Norin 10, and in Norin 10 as well, was markedly different from that in standard hexaploid wheats. In Norin 10 and its derivatives, the single ridges (slowly growing leaf primordia) on the elongating apex were considerably larger and spikelet primordia initiation and expansion were markedly delayed, resulting in a long apex with many single ridges. When spikelet development commenced, it was much more synchronous and hence gave rise to longer heads than in standard wheat in which spikelet development began soon after the start of the elongation of the apex. In most Norin 10 derivatives, more spikelets were initiated than in standard wheat. Apical dominance in the spike appeared to be stronger than in standard wheats. Also, apical dominance within the individual spikelets appeared to be greater, the net result being more fertile florets per spikelet. The developmental pattern of the spike of Norin 10 and its derivatives resembled, to a marked degree, the developmental pattern of rye (Secale cereale L.).
EFFETS DU CHLORURE DE (2-CHLOROETHYL) TRIMETHYLAMMONIUM SUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT ET LA RESISTANCE AU GEL DE L’ORGE D’HIVER DOVER
Authors: BELZILE L. , PAQUIN R. , THERRIEN H. P.
Published: March 2010

Plants of the winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cult Dover grown for 7 weeks harden better than those grown for only 4 weeks. At concentrations of 0.1–0.5%, CCC (2-chloroethyl trimethylammonium chloride) increases the frost resistance of winter barley, but has an opposite effect at concentrations lower than 0.1 or higher than 0.5%. In general, CCC decreases the length of the stems and increases the fresh and dry weights of the winter barley.
TRENT BARLEY
Authors: REINBERGS E.
Published: March 2010

not available
EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTIBIOTICS APPLIED AS POSTINOCULATION SPRAYS AGAINST CLOVER PHYLLODY AND ASTER YELLOWS
Authors: CHIYKOWSKI L. N.
Published: March 2010

Oxytetracycline HCl, tetracycline HCl, and doxycycline HCl, applied as foliage sprays to aster (Callistephus chinensis Nees), caused maximum delays in clover phyllody expression at concentrations of 800 ppm. Maximum delays of celery-infecting aster yellows were obtained at 600 ppm with oxytetracycline and at 1,000 ppm, the highest concentration used, with tetracycline and doxycycline. In tests with noncelery-infecting aster yellows, oxytetracycline and tetracycline produced maximum delays at between 600 and 800 ppm, whereas doxycycline proved most effective at 1,000 ppm. Methacycline reached a maximum at 600 ppm but was considerably less effective than were the other three tetracyclines. HCl and amphoteric formulations of oxytetracycline were more effective in delaying clover phyllody symptoms than was the calcium formulation. The HCl formulation was most effective against celery-infecting aster yellows but was followed closely by the amphoteric and calcium formulations. None of the five nontetracycline antibiotics proved effective. Increasing spreader concentrations appeared to decrease the effectiveness of tetracycline HCl.
TUNNEL COVERS AND MULCHES FOR MUSKMELON PRODUCTION
Authors: WIEBE JOHN
Published: March 2010

Muskmelon plants were grown in 1971 under perforated plastic tunnels and mulched with black paper or clear polyethylene film. One month of tunnel cover, starting at planting time, resulted in the earliest and greatest total yield. The mulch treatments produced significantly higher yields than conventional planting.
HIGH QUALITY SWEET CORN INBREDS RELEASED IN 1971 AND 1972 BY THE HORTICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF ONTARIO
Authors: KERR E. A.
Published: March 2010

not available
FACTORS AFFECTING THE CONTROL OF WILD OATS IN RAPESEED WITH TRIFLURALIN
Authors: FRIESEN H. A. , BOWREN K. E.
Published: March 2010

A series of experiments were undertaken to ascertain the effectiveness of trifluralin as a control of wild oats in rapeseed. Placement of trifluralin (a,a,a,-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) in the soil was most important, as the main site of activity on wild oats (Avena fatua L.) was through the shoot or coleoptile. Polish rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) was not affected by trifluralin up to 1.4 kg/ha regardless of placement. Activity was not seriously reduced by soil moisture as low as 10%, i.e., lower than air-dry soil. Activity was reduced by high soil organic matter and by incorporating the herbicide to depths below 7.5 cm. In field experiments, trifluralin sprayed in the spring at 1.12 kg/ha and tandem disced 7.5 cm deep immediately, resulted in upwards of 80% control of wild oats without injury to rapeseed. Yield increases depended on the density of the wild oats infestation. Bioassay showed a loss of approximately 90% of trifluralin activity in one growing season and cereals planted the year after trifluralin treatment were not affected. Spraying and incorporating trifluralin in October prior to seeding rapeseed the following May resulted in wild oats control nearly equal to that achieved by spring applications at both Lacombe, Alberta, and Melfort, Saskatchewan. This procedure has important practical implications in that it precludes the excess tillage and consequent soil drying associated with spring application.
APPLICATION OF AUTOMATED DIALYSIS AND COLORIMETRY TO THE ASSAY OF NITRATE AND NITRATE REDUCTASE IN PLANT EXTRACTS
Authors: JONES R. W. , SHEARD R. W.
Published: March 2010

The application of an automated dialysis and colorimetric procedure to the assay of NO2−and NO3−in plant extracts is described. Nitrite analysis was used for the estimation of nitrate reductase activity in extracts from etiolated Pisum arvense L. and Zea mays L. The advantages of this procedure include its convenience and suitability for performing analyses on a large number of samples. The procedure allowed the analysis of 15 assays (enzyme plus blank) per hour and had a lowest detection level of 6 nmol NO2−∙g FW−1∙h−1(10× range expansion) for nitrate reductase activity. Dialysis serves to clarify the assay solution and also eliminate the interference of the enyzmatically unconsumed reducing cofactor during color development. Nitrate, an inducer of nitrate reductase, is conveniently estimated in the same extract as used for enzyme assay without further treatment.
SOME EFFECTS OF ALAR-85 ON THE PHYSIOLOGY OF ALFALFA AND LADINO CLOVER
Authors: CALDER F. W. , CANHAM W. D. , FENSOM D. S.
Published: March 2010

The chemical Alar-85 (N-dimethyl amino succinamic acid) was applied to alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and Ladino white clover plants (Trifolium repens L.) as an aqueous spray between 2,500 and 15,000 ppm. It was found that Alar-85 altered the growth of the plants and improved the ability of these plants to withstand frost and drought. In addition, changes in carbohydrate content of the plant tissue took place as well as changes in leaf structure and the morphology of vascular tissue. Spectrophotometric determinations of extracts of plant tissue indicated increased photosynthetic pigments with increased treatment.
SOME MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF SEVERAL RED DELICIOUS APPLE SPORTS
Authors: MEHERIUK M. , FISHER D. V. , LAPINS K. O.
Published: March 2010

A 3-yr study was conducted on 22 sports of Red Delicious apple (Malus sylvestris Mill.) to evaluate shape (minimum and maximum length and breadth), stem length, type of stem cavity, firmness, acidity, soluble solids, and internal color. Differences among the sports were nonsignificant for many characteristics and where significance did occur, the degree of significance was usually small. When compared as a group, fruit of spur sports was significantly higher in the length to breadth ratio but lower in the minimum to maximum length and minimum to maximum breadth ratios than standard sports of Delicious; in other words, more elongated but less regular in length and breadth than fruit from standard sports. There was also a significantly higher incidence of short stems, fleshy stems, shallow stem cavities and flat stem cavities, and a lower level of soluble solids (at harvest and after cold storage) in fruit from spur as compared with standard sports.
HOLIDAY STRAWBERRY
Authors: OURECKY DONALD K.
Published: March 2010

not available
ACADIA, EVANGELINE, GABRIEL, AND GRAND PRE RHODODENDRONS
Authors: CRAIG D. L.
Published: March 2010

not available
REDSTAKER — A NEW STAKING TOMATO
Authors: WALKOF CHARLES
Published: March 2010

not available
CHARACTERISTICS OF SUPPRESSION OF WHEAT SPINDLE STREAK MOSAIC BY NITROGEN FERTILIZERS
Authors: SLYKHUIS J. T.
Published: March 2010

In a field in which 95–100% of the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants developed wheat spindle streak mosaic (WSSM) caused by a soil-borne virus, the incidence of disease was suppressed by preseeding applications of urea, NH4NO3, or poultry manure, each supplying 500–1,800 kg N/ha, but not by cattle manure supplying up to 1,000 kg N/ha. In growth-room tests, the addition of 5 g NH4NO3/kg to soil harboring the virus reduced or prevented the infection of wheat plants from the soil, but did not suppress the development of WSSM on plants that were inoculated manually. The disease-reducing effect of the NH4NO3 diminished in soil kept moist at 20–25 C for 30 days before seeding wheat. Since the development of symptoms was not suppressed by NH4NO3 on manually inoculated plants, the effect appeared to result from interference with infection from the soil rather than from suppression of symptom development. The disease-suppressing effects of NH4NO3 and sucrose were reduced when the two treatments were combined in certain proportions.
SUPPRESSION OF THE SYMPTOMS OF STAYMAN APPLE BLOTCH APPARENTLY BY VIRUS INTERACTION
Authors: WELSH MAURICE F. , MAY JAMES
Published: March 2010

Blotch-diseased orchard trees of Stayman apple (Malus sylvestris Mill.) usually display symptoms on only some limbs or spurs. Test trees of two Stayman clones, when bud-inoculated, expressed no symptoms or only mild symptoms on leaves of a few spurs. When buds from one of these clones were applied to trees of sensitive Stayman clones subsequent blotch inoculation induced no foliage or fruit symptoms, or induced them only on scattered spurs. These results suggest that the limited distribution of blotch-disease symptoms on orchard trees and difficulty in transmitting the disease can be attributed to interaction of the agent responsible for blotch disease and an unidentified bud-transmissible agent that can gain ascendancy in part or all of the tree. The pattern is one that suggests virus interaction. However, presence of most of the viruses that occur commonly in apple did not reduce the severity of blotch symptoms in blotch-inoculated trees propagated from heated-bud perpetuation lines of Blaxtayman.
TRIUMPH FIELD PEA
Authors: ALI-KHAN S. T.
Published: March 2010

not available
EFFECTS OF FLORET MANIPULATION ON SELF-FERTILIZATION IN SPECIES OF SWEET CLOVER
Authors: Gross A. T. H.
Published: March 2010

Self-fertility of nine annual and nine biennial species of sweetclover, Melilotus spp. Mill., was determined in the greenhouse. Self-fertility of the annual species averaged 66.6% and ranged from 19.6 to 95.9%. Self-fertility of the biennials averaged 20.1% and ranged from 0.2 to 86.6%. Manipulation of the florets by gently rolling between forefinger and thumb increased seed set of annuals to 78.2% (51.5–98.1) and biennials to 53.8% (24.6–94.4).
RELATIVE PERFORMANCE OF SINGLE CROSS, THREE-WAY CROSS, AND DOUBLE CROSS CORN HYBRIDS RECOMMENDED IN ONTARIO, 1968–72
Authors: LYNCH P. J. , HUNTER R. B. , KANNENBERG L. W.
Published: March 2010

Yield performance was determined for all single cross (SC), three-way cross (3W), and double cross (DC) corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids recommended by the Ontario Corn Committee between 1968 and 1972. The SC hybrids yielded 3.8 q/ha more than 3W and 6.3 q/ha more than DC. The yield advantage of the SC was apparent over all heat unit areas and years. The SC outyielded 3W and DC in both high- and low-yielding environments. This yield advantage was proportionately greater at the high-yielding environments. Yield stability of the three groups is discussed. Stability is described by two parameters, a regression coefficient and the standard error of this regression. The regression coefficient is calculated by regressing over locations the mean yield of each group of hybrids, at each location on the mean yield of all hybrids at that location. There were no differences in yield stability between the three types of hybrids.
USE OF BLACK POLYETHYLENE MULCH TO REDUCE FLOODING EFFECTS ON TOMATO YIELDS
Authors: BOLTON E. F. , AYLESWORTH J. W.
Published: March 2010

Processing tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) grown experimentally under black polyethylene mulch in the field on Brookston clay soil produced 18.3 t per hectare more tomatoes than when grown without mulch during the 1966–71 period. Although this yield increase occurred each year it was most pronounced during seasons when soil flooding inflicted varying degrees of injury on the tomato crop. Soil temperature measurements in 1970 and 1971 indicated that a higher temperature regime existed under the black polyethylene, a factor associated with high yield. Oxygen diffusion rates were equivalent under both polyethylene and un-mulched soil during periods of flooding. The results suggested that greater root volume was the main effect of black polyethylene mulch in producing high yields under flooded conditions.
ANNUAL TRENDS IN FROST HARDINESS AND ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE FOR SEVEN CONIFEROUS SPECIES
Authors: GLERUM C.
Published: March 2010

Potted 3–4-yr-old seedlings of white, red, and jack pine (Pinus strobus L., P. resinosa Ait., and P. banksiana Lamb.), white, black, and Norway spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, P. mariana (Mill.) B.S.P., and P. abies (L.) Karst.), and Eastern larch or tamarack (Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch) were grown outdoors and subsequently subjected to freezing temperatures in a freezing chamber during the period from September 1968 to November 1969. Each freezing test consisted of five trees per species. Electrical impedance readings were taken on each tree. The frost hardiness was determined by visually assessing damage and measuring subsequent growth. Differences in frost hardiness between species were small. The minimum frost hardiness in the summer was between −3 and −5 C. The maximum frost hardiness in the winter was below −40 C, with the exception of Norway spruce, which had its maximum around −40 C. It is suggested that the processes of hardening and dehardening consist of two stages. Electrical impedance trends appear to correspond with frost hardiness trends, especially in the spruces and larch.
A PORTABLE, SINGLE-PLANT ISOLATION CHAMBER
Authors: COYIER DUANE L.
Published: March 2010

not available
EFFECTS OF BARBAN ON STEM ROT OF RAPE
Authors: BERKENKAMP B. , FRIESEN H. A.
Published: March 2010

not available
PALATABILITY OF REED CANARY GRASS PASTURE
Authors: WOODS D. L. , CLARK K. W.
Published: March 2010

not available
CONIDIUM PRODUCTION OF VENTURIA INAEQUALIS IN SYNTHETIC CULTURE MEDIA
Authors: ROSS R. G.
Published: March 2010

Two isolates, 365-4 and 1096, and the five races of Venturia inaequalis were used to investigate the effects of various factors on conidium production on filter paper cylinders standing in liquid synthetic media. The isolates and races varied significantly in conidium production and there was a large variation among tests done on different days. Varying the concentration of conidia used as inoculum and the age of cultures from which the inoculum was derived did not affect conidium production. Making single conidium transfers every 6 mo did not consistently enhance conidium formation in all isolates and races. Conidium yields were optimum between 16 and 19 days at a temperature of 16 C. The concentrations of glucose, nitrogen, KH2PO4, and MgSO4 required for optimum conidium production were not critical.
IN SITU MEASUREMENTS OF LEAF WATER POTENTIAL AND RESISTANCE TO WATER FLOW IN CORN, SOYBEAN, AND SUNFLOWER AT SEVERAL TRANSPIRATION RATES
Authors: NEUMANN H. H. , THURTELL G. W. , STEVENSON K. R.
Published: March 2010

Peltier-cooled thermocouple dewpoint hygrometers were used to measure leaf water potentials at several transpiration rates on intact corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), and sunflower (Helianthus annus L.), grown in a controlled environment in silica sand rooting media frequently watered with nutrient solution. Hygrometers were left in position for the duration of measurements on each plant, but tests showed this to have little effect on measured potentials. Measured potentials were found to be linearly related to the transpiration rates (correlation coefficients greater than 0.98). Extrapolated values of leaf water potential at zero transpiration were within a few tenths bar of measured nutrient-solution potentials. These results indicated that plant resistances to water flow remained constant from near zero transpiration up to the maximum obtained average rates of 1.8–3.0 g dm−2 h−1. The magnitude of the resistance varied considerably from plant to plant even within a single cultivar of one species and definite conclusions as to interspecies differences in resistance were not made. Estimates of the relative resistance in the root, stalk, and the leaf that were made for a few plants were similar to previously published results.
EFFECTS OF PICLORAM ON GERMINATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF SIX CROP SPECIES
Authors: FLATER R. L. , YARISH W. , VAARTNOU H.
Published: March 2010

not available
COMBINING ABILITY FOR YIELD OF SYNTHETIC HEXAPLOID WHEATS
Authors: BAKER R. J. , DYCK P. L.
Published: March 2010

Four hexaploid spring wheats (Triticum aestivum L.), which differ only in their D genomes, were crossed in all combinations. Heterosis was expressed in F1 and F2 for number of spikes, kernel weight, and seed yield. Failure to detect significant specific combining ability among F1 progeny suggests that only additive genetic variance is involved in the inheritance of these traits. Competition between single-spaced plants was detected.
PHOTOPERIODIC RESPONSE OF BEGONIA × HIEMALIS CV. RIEGER
Authors: MOLNAR J. M.
Published: March 2010

Two consecutive experiments demonstrated that Rieger elatior begonia cultivars Schwabenland Red and Aphrodite Cherry Red flowered earlier and most abundantly when they were grown under long days (16 h) at the early part of their growing season, followed by 3 wk of short day conditions (10 h). The plants were in full bloom within 6 wk from the time the short-day treatment began.
COMPARISON OF MEDIA FOR THE ISOLATION OF FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F. SP. LYCOPERSICI FROM SAWDUST USED FOR GROWING TOMATOES
Authors: ANDERSON M. G. , ATKINSON R. G.
Published: March 2010

Various agar media amended with antimicrobial agents were compared for the selective isolation of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici from sawdust used for growing greenhouse tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Potato dextrose agar amended with pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) (500 mg/l) and streptomycin sulphate (300 mg/l proved to be the most satisfactory medium, tested. These antimicrobial agents, unlike rose bengal, did not reduce the number of Fusarium colonies isolated.
PERMANENT PLOT LABELS
Authors: SMITH A. D. , JENSEN K. C.
Published: March 2010

not available
COMPETITIVE EFFECTS OF BARNYARD GRASS AND CORN SPURRY ON YIELDS OF BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL
Authors: DESCHÊNES JEAN-MARC
Published: March 2010

The competitive effects of barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli L.) and corn spurry (Spergula arvensis L.) on dry matter (DM) yields of Empire birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) harvested twice at the early bloom stage was investigated under greenhouse conditions. Yields obtained at the 1st cut were reduced significantly by barnyard grass and corn spurry. Barnyard grass was more effective than corn spurry in reducing yield, however, as the latter had little effect on yields of the legume when grown in association with barnyard grass. Results obtained at the 2nd cut indicated that only barnyard grass significantly reduced the yields of birdsfoot trefoil because of the good regrowth of barnyard grass and the severe reduction in the stand of corn spurry following the 1st cut. Field data obtained in a separate experiment were comparable to those from the greenhouse. Corn spurry and quack grass (Agropyron repens L.) greatly reduced yields of birdsfoot trefoil. The proportion of the total yield represented by birdsfoot trefoil was 20% and 80% in weedy and weeded plots, respectively. A test on the effects of barnyard grass and corn spurry on the frost resistance of birdsfoot trefoil has shown that the legume was more frost resistant when seeded alone. Results obtained in this study further illustrate the poor competitive ability of birdsfoot trefoil and the necessity of a weed control program during the seeding year.
EFFECT OF SPRINKLER IRRIGATION AND COOLING ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF SNAP BEANS
Authors: KEMP G. A. , KROGMAN K. K. , HOBBS E. H.
Published: March 2010

High temperatures and dry soil conditions that frequently occur in southern Alberta during July and August may cause objectionably high fiber content of snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). During the period 1968–71, the response of bean yield and quality to cooling by low-volume sprinkler irrigation during hot weather at the time of pod development was studied. Low-volume sprinkling for cooling prevented undesirable fiber formation and alleviated, to some extent, soil moisture stress. Where soil moisture was returned to field capacity by irrigation at 7- to 10-day intervals, yield and quality also remained high without low-volume sprinkler cooling. Thus, under Alberta conditions, excess fiber formation appears to be closely related to the amount of available soil moisture and can be avoided by proper irrigation with conventional methods.
RESPONSE OF ROADSIDE GRASSES TO DE-ICING SALT
Authors: KIANG Y. T.
Published: March 2010

not available
ROOT LESION NEMATODES AFFECT COLD TOLERANCE OF ALFALFA
Authors: SUZUKI MICHIO , WILLIS C. B.
Published: March 2010

not available
A SIMPLE METHOD FOR GERMINATING OOSPORES OF ALBUGO CANDIDA
Authors: PETRIE G. A. , VERMA P. R.
Published: March 2010

not available
RADIATION PENETRATION IN CANOPIES OF BARLEY CULTIVARS ISOGENIC FOR COLOR
Authors: AASE J. K. , BROWN J. H. , BENCI J. F.
Published: March 2010

Light transmission and visible and net radiation profiles were measured for two barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars and their isogenic lines differing in color (chlorophyll content of the leaves). Differences in radiation penetration through canopies were greater between cultivars than among isogenic lines. Differences in transmission by light of different wavelengths were observed through individual leaves, but not through canopies. Visible and net radiation distribution in the canopies differed. Relating radiation-distribution data to the distance from soil surface was more sensitive in detecting population differences than was relating them to cumulative leaf area index.
WHEAT YIELDS FOR 50 YEARS AT SWIFT CURRENT, SASKATCHEWAN IN RELATION TO WEATHER
Authors: ROBERTSON GEO. W.
Published: March 2010

Half a century of wheat yield and weather records at Swift Current in southwestern Saskatchewan were analyzed to determine the response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to changing weather patterns. Weather at Swift Current has undergone subtle but significant changes over the past 50 yr. Earlier years had disturbed conditions: hot, dry periods alternating with cool, wet ones resulting in yield fluctuations ranging from crop failures to maximum values. More recently the weather has been quiet: dry and cool but less variable from year to year. The resulting conditions were more favorable for near-normal but less variable yields. Simple precipitation-based yield–weather models developed two decades ago no longer apply, because temperature and precipitation patterns are currently out of phase relative to earlier conditions. A factorial yield–weather model was used to explain the complex relationship. This involved the summation of the product of several quadratic functions of various weather elements. Those elements considered were precipitation, maximum and minimum temperatures, global radiation estimated from duration of bright sunshine, evaporation from a buried pan, and time as an indicator of advancing technology. One function contained a term for the antecedant crop condition. The most important elements were precipitation for the summer-fallow period and for May, June and August; maximum temperatures for June and July; and global radiation for May. Advances in technology would seem to have very little influence on wheat yield trends after weather trends were accounted for. The model accounted for 73% (r = 0.854) of the yield variability and provided realistic functions for explaining the curvilinear influence of individual weather elements on wheat yield. The model is of a form that is readily adaptable for assessing, at any time during the crop development period, the influence of past and current weather on future expected yield. This could be useful for interpreting weather data in terms of crop production in weather and crop condition surveillance programs.
EFFECTS OF THE NEMATICIDES DD AND MOCAP ON SOIL NITROGEN, SOIL MICROFLORA, POPULATIONS OF PRATYLENCHUS PENETRANS, AND FLUE-CURED TOBACCO
Authors: ELLIOT J. M. , MARKS C. F. , TU C. M.
Published: March 2010

Field studies were conducted for 2 yr on Fox loamy sand to compare the effect of broadcast DD (mixture of 1,3-dichloropropene, 1,2-dichloropropane, and related C3 hydrocarbons) and Mocap (O-ethyl S, S-dipropyl phosphorodithioate) on numbers of Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb) Filip. and Stek. 1941, the nitrification processes in the soil, and the subsequent effects on flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tahacum L.) grown in a normal rye–tobacco rotation and, in 1 yr only, on an area fallowed the previous summer. Levels of NH4+-N in the soil in June tended to be higher, and NO3−-N lower with the DD treatment, applied in early May, than in the untreated check. Mocap had no apparent effect on soil NH4− and only inconsistent effects on soil NO3−. Although numbers of NH4+-N oxidizers and NO2−N oxidizers varied among treatments, the differences were inconsistent from week to week and did not appear to be related to soil NH4+ and NO3−. In 1971, DD and Mocap gave good nematode control, but yield and dollar value were not different than with the check. Although both nematicides gave satisfactory control of nematodes in 1972, only DD resulted in an increase in yield and value. The low yield in the Mocap and check plots in 1972 was probably due to loss of available N during a heavy June rainfall; soil N was less susceptible to leaching with the DD treatment, as a higher amount was in the NH4+ form.
POTENTIAL NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN FLAG LEAVES OF SEVERELY DROUGHT-STRESSED WHEAT CULTIVARS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO GRAIN YIELD
Authors: KAUL R.
Published: March 2010

Six wheat cultivars grown in the field in 1973 showed continuously increasing water deficits which attained severe levels by the end of the season. The relative yield performance of five Triticum aestivum L. cultivars was predictable from the integrated net photosynthetic potential of their flag leaves. Grain productivity of a T. durum L. cultivar, Pelissier, was uniformly underestimated, likely because of poor desiccation tolerance of its flag leaf. It is suggested that Pelissier depended on the longevity of its heavily awned spike for additional grain filling. Results show that photosynthetic desiccation tolerance in severely stressed flag leaves of Pitic 62 ranks above that of Manitou, Cypress, and particularly Selkirk and Pelissier. Glenlea was comparable to Manitou and Cypress in flag leaf assimilation efficiency when subjected to early drought hardening, but exhibited less efficiency when subjected to water deficits late in development.
ESSAIS DE GERMINATION DE CULTIVARS DE SORGHO SUCRE ET DE BETTERAVE SUCRIERE
Authors: CHAMBERLAND E.
Published: March 2010

not available
SOME GROWTH REGULATOR EFFECTS ON BERRY SET, YIELD AND QUALITY OF HIMROD AND DE CHAUNAC GRAPES
Authors: LOONEY N. E.
Published: March 2010

Succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) did not improve berry set of Himrod and de Chaunac grapes; (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) improved berry set of both cultivars but had deleterious effects on berry quality. Gibberellic acid (GA3), applied as a post-bloom spray, increased set and reduced acidity of Himrod grapes.
OXATHIIN CHEMICALS FOR CONTROL OF BRONZING OF WHITE BEANS
Authors: CURTIS L. R. , EDGINGTON L. V. , LITTLEJOHNS D. J.
Published: March 2010

Carbathiin (2,3-dihydro-5-carboxanilido-6-methyl-1,4-oxathiin) or its sulfoxide analog, carbathiin-monoxide sprayed at a rate of 2.2 kg/ha gave appreciable control of ozone injury on white beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). When either of the two chemicals was applied to white bean plots on 2 August 1973, 2 days before a major ozone eipsode, the amount of premature leaf drop was reduced and yields increased as compared to unsprayed checks. Spraying the chemicals after the ozone episode was ineffective in reducing ozone injury. Pyracarbolid, a related oxathiin analog, did not protect white beans from ozone injury in field trials. Benomyl sprays gave a slight reduction in premature leaf drop but did not increase yields significantly when applied just before the ozone episode in early August. None of the chemicals was effective when applied after the incident of high ozone levels. A cost benefit analysis indicated that a single carbathiin spray applied prior to high ozone levels was effective and economical for the control of bronzing of white beans.
RATE OF ACCUMULATION OF DRY WEIGHT IN SEED OF SOYBEANS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO YIELD
Authors: EGLI D. B.
Published: March 2010

The dry weight accumulation rate in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) seed was measured for 2 yr (1971–72), utilizing four cultivars and several planting dates within each year. Rates observed ranged from 3.38 to 8.32 mg/seed/day. There were significant differences among cultivars and planting dates. There was no significant relationship between the rate of accumulation and grain yield, seed weight or final seed number. Grain yield was closely correlated with final seed number both within each year and across both years.
IDENTIFICATION OF CROPLAND AND AREA ESTIMATION FROM AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY AND SATELLITE IMAGERY
Authors: MACK A. R. , BOWREN K. E.
Published: March 2010

The feasibility of using multiband aerial photographs and ERTS-1 imagery for manual field identification and measurements is presented for a Moderately Cold Subhumid Soil Climatic region of Saskatchewan. Using a simple six-step scale criterion, numeric values were assigned to the grey-level densities on black and white photographs (August 1972) for the infrared and red radiation bands. The grey-level densities were calibrated to known crops or other features, determined from data taken on the ground from training sites. A classification key was developed from the calibrated grey-scale values for the two spectral bands. Using the classification key, > 90% of the cereal crops — harvested, cereal crops not harvested, rapeseed, and fallow land — were identified on areas adjacent to the training site. It was not possible in this study to distinguish between wheat and barley from August photography. Nearby sites were used to verify the criteria. For nonnumeric analyses, infrared color was useful to substantiate the results. In general, the green spectral reflection appeared to be similar to the red for most of the fields except for a few of the fallow fields and grassland. However, further studies are required to evaluate the place of the green band in crop identification. The transference of known physiographic features from topographic survey maps and high-altitude aerial photographs onto ERTS imagery facilitated establishment of field boundaries and area measurements. By comparing the values of unknown fields to those calibrated with known features on the same photograph, variation in exposure, photographic development, and reproduction are eliminated.
EFFETS DES METHODES DE SEMIS SUR L’EVALUATION DES CULTIVARS DE CEREALES
Authors: ST-PIERRE C. A. , DUBUC J. P. , GAUTHIER F. M. , KLINCK H. R.
Published: March 2010

The differential response of a number of cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and oats (Avena sativa L.) to different methods of seeding was studied. Results of eight station–years with wheat show significant differences in yield among the cultivars and among seeding methods. The highest rate of seeding of wheat, 118 kg/ha, resulted in a significant yield increase, but the yield increase was smaller with narrower rows. The interaction of methods of seeding × cultivars was not significant, indicating that the presently used testing procedures give adequate evaluation of yield potential of wheat cultivars. The stable cultivar performance at the various rates of seeding suggests that efficient individual plant selection could be made at lower rates of seeding in rows 15 cm apart. Results of eight station–years with barley and 12 station–years with oats show that the experimental testing procedures used are adequate to evaluate oats and barley cultivars for yield.
WHEAT QUALITY EVALUATION. 1. ACCURACY AND PRECISION OF PREDICTION TESTS
Authors: ROCHE I. A. DE LA , FOWLER D. B.
Published: March 2010

Several statistics were utilized to evaluate the precision of 28 prediction tests of bread and pastry quality for a population consisting of triticale (Triticum durum Desf. × Secale cereale L.), durum (T. durum Desf.) and common wheats (T. aestivum, L.). Low repeatabilities for the traditional measurements of quality, loaf volume and cookie thickness, and highly significant replicate effects for a majority of tests highlighted the results of these analyses. Highly significant correlations were found among procedural modifications of several quality measurements indicating that, for the range considered, a similar ranking of material can be expected for related quality tests. A significant effect of mill setting and a significant mill setting × cultivar interaction were demonstrated for a number of quality measurements made on flour, indicating the limitation of a single milling for the evaluation of potential bread and pastry wheats.
FORAGE YIELD AND QUALITY OF CULTIVATED PERENNIAL GRASSES HARVESTED AT THE EARLY HEADING STAGE
Authors: TINGLE J. N. , ELLIOTT C. R.
Published: March 2010

Fifteen grass species harvested at the early heading stage varied in dry matter yield and contents of crude protein, dry matter digestibility, Ca, K, Mg, Zn, Mn and Cu. Each parameter except Mg and Cu concentrations exhibited differences between cultivars within certain of eight species. Only timothy (Phleum pratense L.) had cultivar differences in dry matter digestibility. Crude protein contents varied between cultivars of meadow fescue (Festuca elatior L.) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). Differences between species were greater than between cultivars within species.
EFFECTS OF SEEDING RATE AND ROW SPACING ON AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF GLENLEA, PITIC 62 AND NEEPAWA WHEATS
Authors: BRIGGS K. G.
Published: March 2010

Three cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.), Glenlea, Pitic 62 and Neepawa, were grown in a seeding rate and row spacing experiment at two locations in 1972 and 1973. In a split-plot design, row spacings of 15, 23 and 30 cm were used as main plots, and subplot seeding rates of 33.6, 67.3 and 100.9 kg/ha were applied for each cultivar. Data were collected on yield, days to maturity, plant height, lodging, kernel weight and test weight. The few significant effects of row spacing indicated that narrow row spacings tend to increase yield and decrease days to maturity. Higher seeding rates per unit area generally resulted in higher yields for all cultivars and, to some extent, earlier maturity. Glenlea wheat seeded at 100.9 kg/ha gave the highest yield in all tests, and at this seeding rate took an average 125 days to reach maturity, compared to 120 days for Neepawa and 129 days for Pitic 62. Seeding rate had virtually no effect on height, kernel weight or test weight of any of the wheats.
CONTROL OF WILD OATS IN WHEAT WITH BENZOYLPROP-ETHYL
Authors: CHOW P. N. P. , DRYDEN R. D.
Published: March 2010

Benzoylprop-ethyl (ethyl-N-benzoyl-N (3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-amino-propionate) at 1.1 to 5.5 kg/ha gave good control of wild oats (Avena fatua L.) resulting in significantly higher yields of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Manitou and Neepawa). Late herbicide application (4-leaf growth stage of wild oats) provided better wild oat control and slightly better wheat yields than early application (1.5-leaf stage) in 1969 but not in 1970. Of the three herbicide formulations evaluated, the FX 2182 liquid formulation gave slightly higher wheat yields. Benzoylprop-ethyl at 1.4 kg/ha in mixture with TCA (sodium salt of trichloroacetic acid) at 0.56 kg/ha was less effective in controlling wild oats than benzoylprop-ethyl alone, but wheat yields were unaffected. However, addition of the amine salt of 2,4-D ((2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid) or MCPA ([(4-chloro-o-tolyl) oxy] acetic acid) at 0.56 kg/ha to benzoylprop-ethyl/TCA mixtures significantly reduced the efficiency of benzoylprop-ethyl for wild oat control and reduced wheat tolerance resulting in lower yields.
EFFECTS OF ETHEPHON ON RASPBERRY FRUIT RIPENESS, FRUIT WEIGHT AND FRUIT REMOVAL
Authors: JOLLIFFE PETER A.
Published: March 2010

Single or repeated sprays of up to 1,000 ppm ethephon ((2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid) were applied to red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L. cv. Willamette) plants during the 1971, 1972 and 1973 harvest periods. Single ethephon sprays were followed by surges in fruit ripening, decreasing the total number of harvests required per season. The increased fruit ripeness corresponded to slightly decreased average fruit removal force among the fruit available for harvest. The enhancement of fruit ripening was greatest near the beginning of the harvest period. Repeated sprays did not improve the effects of ethephon, and both single and repeated sprays at concentrations from 250 to 1,000 ppm decreased the average fresh weight per berry by 10 to 15%. Fruit ripeness was also increased by extending the time between successive harvests from 3 to 5 days, but this was accompanied by increased fruit losses due to spontaneous fruit abscission during the interval between harvests. Repeated ethephon sprays in 1972 and 1973 did not increase the quantity of fruit recovered during mechanical harvests. It appears that the main potential for the use of ethephon in raspberry harvesting lies in its ability to control the timing and intensity of fruit ripening.
EFFECTS OF N FERTILIZER ON TOTAL-N AND NO3-N CONTENT OF SIX GRASS SPECIES
Authors: SMITH A. D. , LUTWICK L. E.
Published: March 2010

Total-N and NO3-N content of forage were determined for six grass species — timothy (Phleum pratense L.); crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.); intermediate wheatgrass (Agropyron intermedium (Host) Beauv.); stream-bank wheatgrass (Agropyron riparium Scribn. and Smith); bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.); and Russian wild ryegrass (Elymus junceus Fisch.). The grasses were fertilized with ammonium nitrate in early spring and were sampled at four levels of applied N — 0, 185, 550, and 940 kg/ha — and at three stages of maturity — early heading, anthesis, and seed-set. Total-N and NO3-N increased in all grasses with increasing levels of N fertilizer; Russian wild ryegrass showed the greatest increase and timothy the least. As maturity advanced, total-N content decreased. Total-N contents were similar in crested wheatgrass, intermediate wheatgrass, and streambank wheatgrass. As maturity advanced, the NO3-N content of fertilized timothy, crested wheatgrass, and bromegrass decreased while that of Russian wild ryegrass increased. The NO3-N content of intermediate wheatgrass and of stream-bank wheatgrass was highest at anthesis. At 0 and 185 kg N/ha, the NO3-N content was well below the lethal level for ruminants, but at the two higher N fertilizer levels it often exceeded the lethal level. Timothy can be considered a low, Russian wild ryegrass a very high, and the other four grasses high, NO3-N accumulators.
TECHNIQUE TO INOCULATE WOODY PLANT STEM SECTIONS WITH ICE DURING ARTIFICIAL FREEZING
Authors: McKENZIE J. S. , WEISER C. J.
Published: March 2010

not available
ANATOMICAL DISTRIBUTION OF PEROXIDASE ISOZYMES IN BARLEY KERNELS
Authors: LABERGE D. E.
Published: March 2010

Two barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars with different peroxidase isozyme patterns were studied using polyacrylamide-slab electrophoresis at pH 4.75 to separate the enzymes, and 3-amino-9-ethyl carbazole or o-dianisidine as hydrogen donors to detect peroxidase isozymes. Peroxidase isozyme patterns of extracts of very immature kernels up to 19 days post-anthesis were quite different from isozyme patterns from extracts of more mature kernels. During malting, the peroxidase isozymes of mature barely persisted in green malt, but an additional isozyme was detected in malt after 3 days of germination. Immature kernels with peroxidase isozyme patterns identical to those found in mature kernels for each barley cultivar were dissected into different tissue fractions including husks, pericarp, "green layer," aleurone, endosperm, embryo and scutellum. Electrophoresis of extracts of these tissues revealed the anatomical location of most of the peroxidase enzymes in the whole kernels of the two cultivars.
COMPARISON OF GLIADIN AND GLUTENIN SUBUNITS IN THE TRITICINAE BY SDS-POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS
Authors: PRESTON K. R. , WOODBURY W. , ORTH R. A. , BUSHUK W.
Published: March 2010

Protein subunits obtained by reduction of gliadin and glutenin from Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell. (AABBDD), Triticum monococcum L. (AA), Aegilops squarrosa L. (DD) and Secale cereale L. (RR) were examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Seven of the twelve gliadin subunits and nine of the fifteen glutenin subunits present in T. aestivum had molecular weights (MW’s) similar to subunits present in both T. monococcum and A. squarrosa. An additional five gliadin and five glutenin subunits present in T. aestivum had MW’s similar to subunits present in T. monococcum or A. squarrosa. S. cereale had a lower number of gliadin and glutenin subunits. However, three of four gliadin subunits and eight of nine glutenin subunits had MW’s similar to subunits present in the Triticum–Aegilops groups. These results have been used to consider evolutionary relationships in the Triticinae.
INHERITANCE OF A TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE YELLOW FOLIAGE CHARACTER IN RUSSIAN WILD RYEGRASS
Authors: LAWRENCE T.
Published: March 2010

Segregation in populations derived by crossing heterozygous plants of Russian wild ryegrass (Elymus junceus Fisch.) (breeding line Sc. 25317) showed that the temperature-sensitive yellow foliage character carried by this population is monogenic and recessive. The temperature-sensitive plants were yellow when grown at about 10 C, but a normal green color when grown at higher temperatures. The gene symbol ty1 has been proposed for this character.
INFLUENCE OF FENSULFOTHION AND FENAMIPHOS ON ROOT LESION NEMATODE NUMBERS AND YIELD OF FORAGE LEGUMES
Authors: THOMPSON L. S. , WILLIS C. B.
Published: March 2010

A field study was made of the effects of three rates of fenamiphos [ethyl-3-methyl-4-(methylthio) phenyl (1-methylethyl) phosphoramidate] and fensulfothion [O,O-diethyl O-(p-(methylsulfinyl) phenyl) phosphorothioate] on root lesion nematode numbers (Pratylenchus spp.), and on forage yields of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.). Both nematicides, at the rates tested (fensulfothion − 11.2, 22.4 and 44.8 kg/ha; fenamiphos − 5.6, 11.2 and 22.4 kg/ha) reduced populations of root lesion nematodes in the soil, as well as in rootlets of the three forage legumes. Seeding year yields were increased by both nematicides. Neither nematicide resulted in substantial yield increases at the time of the the first cut (June) of the second growing season, but did result in considerably increased yields at the time of the second and third cuts. At the same rates of application, fenamiphos provided better control of nematodes than did fensulfothion, particularly with increasing time following treatment. The larger total yield increases for the two growing seasons from fenamiphos-treated plots were coincident with better root lesion nematode control. Fewer alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil and red clover taproots were infected by Fusarium spp. and Rhizoctonia solani Kühn in fenamiphos-treated plots, where there were fewer root lesion nematodes, than in check plots. Laboratory tests indicated that field rates of fensulfothion and fenamiphos were not fungicidal to a number of soil fungi, including Fusarium spp. and R. solani, found associated with forage legume roots.
POSTHARVEST FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE OCCURRENCE OF BREAKDOWN IN SPARTAN APPLE
Authors: PORRITT S. W. , LIDSTER P. D. , MEHERIUK M.
Published: March 2010

The incidence of internal breakdown in Spartan apples (Malus pumila Mill.) was significantly reduced by a 3-day holding period at 20 C or 2 wk in hypobaric storage at 0 C prior to 0 C storage. Dipping fruit in solutions of calcium chloride or gibberellic acid prior to storage also reduced the disorder. High relative humidity in the storage atmosphere was associated with soft fruit, low soluble solids, low ethylene production and increased incidence of breakdown.
INFLUENCE OF CROPS ON NUMBERS OF MICROSCLEROTIA OF VERTICILLIUM DAHLIAE IN SOILS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF WILT IN SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO
Authors: EVANS G. , MCKEEN C. D.
Published: March 2010

Verticillium dahliae was studied in Harrow Sandy loam and Colwood loam using a root bioassay to determine microsclerotial numbers in soil. Plots established in the autumn of 1971 were sampled over a period of 12 mo to follow changes in populations under a susceptible crop, eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), indigenous weeds, spring-sown oats (Avena sativa L.), peas (Pisum sativum L.), snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and bare fallow. At first, populations declined under all treatments, then increased in both soils under eggplant and in the weed plot on Harrow Sandy loam, which was heavily infested with velvet leaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medic). There was no increase in numbers of microsclerotia in the weed plot on Colwood loam, which was free from susceptible weeds. When populations in Harrow Sandy loam were reduced by fall fumigation with Vorlex (20% methyl isothiocyanate, 80% chlorinated C3 hydrocarbons) and Mylone (tetrahydro-3, 5-dimethyl-2H-1, 5-thiodiazine-2-thione), the rate of wilt development and fruit yields in eggplant were correlated with microsclerotial numbers in soil. The study showed that populations of 6–12 microsclerotia per gram of soil caused severe wilt in two field soils, and that the root bioassay was sufficiently sensitive to detect differences in numbers of microsclerotia ranging from 1–13 per gram of soil.
SUB-ARCTIC CHERRY: A SUBARCTIC-TYPE CHERRY TOMATO
Authors: HARRIS R. E.
Published: March 2010

not available
CULTIVAR AND SPACING EFFECTS ON INCIDENCE OF HOLLOW STEM IN BROCCOLI
Authors: CUTCLIFFE J. A.
Published: March 2010

not available