bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transferorientiert fördern: Ein RubiN auf Rezept
Authors: Laag Sonja , al. et
Published: January 2020

Care- und Casemanagement (CCM) sind komplexe Interventionen. Unterschiedliche Akteure müssen in einem regionalen Versorgungssetting für den Patienten zu einem erfolgreichen Zusammenspiel finden. Hierfür erwerben die Care- und Casemanager erweiterte Expertisen und bilden mit dem Ziel kooperativer Zusammenarbeit neue Versorgungsstrukturen heraus. Als Gegenstand vieler Innovationsfondsprojekte erweist sich die Überführung dieser komplexen Interventionen in die Regelversorgung als eine besondere Herausforderung. Der Beitrag möchte am Beispiel des Projektes „RubiN“ - Regional ununterbrochen im Netz - Impulse für eine Transferstrategie geben.
„Gerechter Lohn“? Das Einkommen der Vertragsärzte in Deutschland*
Authors: Kaiser Pascal
Published: January 2020

Ärzte zählen zu den Topverdienern in unserer Gesellschaft. Trotzdem sehen die ärztlichen Standesorganisationen ihre Mitglieder als nicht angemessen vergütet an. Aus Sicht der Krankenkassen geht es demgegenüber weniger um eine „Einkommensgarantie“ für die Vertragsärzte als um die Sicherung der Versorgung ihrer Versicherten. Im Mittelpunkt dieses Streits steht letztendlich die Frage nach dem „gerechten Lohn“.
Schlüsselrolle für freie Träger
Authors: Hohmann Julia , Schäfer Lars , Schubert Dorit , Dehmer Mara
Published: January 2020

Sozialplanung soll die Lebensverhältnisse vor Ort verbessern durch die Anregung und Sicherung gesundheitlicher und sozialer Angebot. Den freien Trägern kommt dabei ein Schlüsselrolle zu, die bislang allerdings nicht immer zugestanden und wahrgenommen wird.
Integration ist attraktiv
Authors: Fleck Heinz
Published: January 2020

Quartiersentwicklung muss sich auf alle Menschen beziehen, die in einem Stadtteil zuhause sind. Das integrierende Sozialraumkonzept des Schmallenbach-Hauses im Kreis Unna zeigt, welche Aufgaben dabei auf das Management eines Sozialbetriebes zukommen können.
Rechtssichere Beschäftigung Dritter
Authors: Vogt Ralf
Published: January 2020

Viele Organisationen arbeiten mit externen Dienstleistern zusammen. Dabei stellt sich dann oft die Frage nach der richtigen Einordnung des Beschäftigungsverhältnisses. Bei einer fehlerhaften Beurteilung drohen erhebliche Kosten. Der Berliner Rechtsanwalt Dr. Ralf Vogt erläutert, worauf in der Praxis zu achten ist.
Mehr Schatten als Licht
Authors: Wolff Dietmar , Kreidenweis Helmut
Published: January 2020

Fachkräftemangel und stagnierende IT-Investitionen bremsen die digitale Transformation in der Sozialwirtschaft. Der neue IT-Report stellt bedenkliche Trends ebenso fest wie erfreuliche Entwicklungen bei sozialen Diensten und Einrichtungen. Die beiden Autoren Prof. Dr. Dietmar Wolff von der Hochschule Hof und Prof. Helmut Kreidenweis von der Katholischen Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt stellen die wichtigsten Ergebnisse der Studie vor.
Obsahy přirozených radioaktivních prvků (K, U, Th) v půdách na mapovém listu 24-22 Olomouc – vztah mezi radioaktivitou půdy a matečné horniny
Authors: Zimák Jiří
Published: January 2020

The paper deals with natural radioactivity of soils on the map sheet 24-22 Olomouc and compares contents of natural radioactive elements in soils and in their parent rocks (soilforming substrates). Three main types of parent rocks can be distinguished in the studied area: i) siliciclastic flysch sediments of the Moravo-Silesian Palaeozoic, ii) Quaternary sediments of the river Morava floodplain, iii) Quaternary loesses. Contents of potassium, uranium and thorium were measured using a laboratory gamma–ray spectrometer in 1 077 soil samples. It is evident from calculated values of mass activity of 226Ra equivalent (am) that natural radioactivity of the studied soils is low. The average am of soils developed on siliciclastic flysch sediments is 142 Bq.kg-1, 133 Bq.kg-1 on fluvial sediments of the river Morava and 148 Bq.kg-1 on loesses. The average am values calculated for soils developed on siliciclastic flysch sediments and for soils on loesses are almost the same as average am values calculated for their parent rocks. The soils of the river Morava floodplain show higher am values compared to their parent material (sands and pebbles dominate) due to higher uranium and thorium contents.
Nové poznatky o terciéru a kvartéru získané geologickým mapováním okolí Lipníka nad Bečvou
Authors: Bubík Miroslav , Gilíková Helena , Otava Jiří , Tomanová Petrová Pavla , Vít Jan
Published: January 2020

Detail geological survey of the Lipník nad Bečvou surroundings brought new geological informations about the area, where Variscan and Carpathian orogens touch each other by their allochthonous nappe units. Detail mapping supported by micropaleontology enabled to fix the spatial extent of the nappe remnants of the Ždánice Unit in poorly exposed areas. Southeastern outskirts of Lipník nad Bečvou are part of the type area of the Menilite Formation defi ned by Glocker (1844) and one of his historical type localities near situated Símře was rediscovered. Lower Miocene strata were subdivided to the Stryszawa and Kroměříž formations based on the provenience of clastic material: Bohemian Massif for the Stryszawa Fm. and Carpathian nappes for the Kroměříž Fm. A new occurrence of rhyolitic fine-grained volcaniclastics was discovered in the Carpathian Foredeep in Lipník nad Bečvou. Quaternary sediments are represented, first of all, by complex fluvial terrace system of the Bečva River that illustrates the evolution of landscape since the latest Early Pleistocene. Remarkable local curiosity is fresh-water limestone (travertine) in Tučín, formed at the spring of thermal mineral water.
Social Integrity and Private ‘Immorality’ The Hart-Devlin Debate Reconsidered
Authors: Richter Duncan J. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

In a debate between tolerance and intolerance one is disinclined to side with intolerance. Nevertheless that, in a sense, is what I want to do in this paper. The particular debate I have in mind is the old one between H.L.A. Hart and Patrick Devlin about the legal enforcement of moral values. It should be noted, though, that the issue has by no means been settled in the minds of many people. The proposed repeal of the British law prohibiting the promotion of homosexuality (a law known as Section 28) “could destroy Scottish society,” according to Mazhar Malik of Glasgow’s Ethnic Community Resource Centre, echoing Devlin’s concern from the 1960s. In what follows I will first sketch and defend, partially, what I take to be Devlin’s communitarian argument and then attempt to explain what is wrong with it and how this should affect our estimation of the proper relation between law and morals. I will argue that at least some private ‘immorality’ can be defended without recourse to the liberal belief in a morally private sphere. In part I I look at the kind of communitarianism that can be found in Devlin’s work, in part II I support this reading of Devlin and expand on it by looking at some important passages from his work, and in part III I consider the reasons why his argument does not support legislation against gay sex, and, in fact, could be used to defend gay rights.
Power, Sex, and Friendship in Academia
Authors: Golash Deirdre ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

Any sexual offer by a professor to a student is morally problematic. An explicit disclaimer about grading issues will not change the fact that the professor has power over the student’s grades, and no assurance that the student can offer can evade the communicative difficulties created by the power differential. It is possible that there will be a sufficient development of trust that these communication problems are superseded, but it is again extremely difficult to be sure that this is so. Given this difficulty, the criterion for whether the sexual offer is permissible should be whether it is in fact misinterpreted, and the risk that it will be is entirely assumed by the offeror. Even if a fully voluntary sexual relationship is possible, duties to third parties make it improper to enter into such a relationship where the professor has power over a student’s grades or career prospects.
Rape, and Other Sexual Assaults
Authors: Cowling Mark ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

Philosophers have identified the harm involved in stranger rape in various ways. This article reviews these with a view to making sense of surveys on date and acquaintance rape and minor sexual assaults: how much should these be bracketed with stranger rape as a major and traumatic violation? Or are some of these incidents closer to bad manners? It concludes that rape is a violation of autonomy that should be condemned because of the extreme unhappiness caused to the victim. It is argued that this criterion can be used to make sense of lesser sexual assaults whereas some of the other criteria philosophers have used to condemn rape tend to bifurcate sexual experiences into acceptable on the one hand and seriously traumatic on the other, with little space in between.
Emergence Theories and Pragmatic Realism
Authors: El-Hani Charbel Niño , Pihlström Sami ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

The tradition of pragmatism has, especially since Dewey, been characterized by a commitment to nonreductive naturalism. The notion of emergence, popular in the early decades of the twentieth century and currently re-emerging as a central concept in metaphysics and the philosophy of mind, may be useful in explicating that commitment. The present paper discusses the issue of the reality of emergent properties, drawing particular attention to a pragmatic way of approaching this issue. The reality of emergents can be defended as a pragmatically-useful ontological commitment; hence, pragmatism can be employed as a tool in the debate over the structure and reality of emergence. This strategy of justifying ontological commitments is examined through historical and systematic discussions of the pragmatist tradition. It turns out, among other things, that while classical pragmatists did not specify any technical notion of emergence in the contemporary sense, their non-reductively naturalist views are relevant to the more recent emergence discussions -- especially because they rejected the metaphysical realism typical of today’s ontologically-oriented emergence theories.
LOS OBSTÁCULOS DE LA CONSTITUCIÓN MEXICANA: UN “AUTORITARISMO DEMOCRÁTICO”
Authors: Rodriguez Manuel Edeza
Published: January 2020

Este ensaio tenta explicar o sistema político mexicano "compreendendo" sua Constituição. É um cinismo realista, em face de um dos sistemas autoritários, mais autoritários e longevos que tem sido capaz de confundir cientistas políticos, sociólogos, economistas e historiadores, mantendo-se como a "ditadura perfeita", diria Mario Vargas Llosa em 1990. A ideia é, no que diz respeito aos indicadores de qualidade democrática propostos por Diamond e Morlino, procurar-se experimentar "Democracia mexicana" submetendo-a e "adaptando-a" a uma análise crítica. No final, podemos ver o "autoritarismo mexicano", disfarçado em um constitucionalismo presidencialista ou "meta-constitucionalismo" (Carpizo, 1978), que se baseia até mesmo na conformação mesmo da Constituição.
Hacia una objetividad científica abierta: una reflexión desde la concepción epistemológica de Evandro Agazzi
Authors: Bolaños Vivas Robert Fernando , Carvajal Godoy Johman
Published: January 2020

Ante las distintas maneras de entender la objetividad científica, con prevalencia del sentido empirista, que propugna una discriminación sobre la cientificidad de las distintas áreas del conocimiento, Evandro Agazzi, con su realismo científico y su concepción epistemológica abierta, configura un concepto de objetividad adecuado para todo quehacer científico y académico. Con su distinción entre objetividad en sentido débil y fuerte, Agazzi sostiene que estas formas de entender la objetividad pueden incluir y armonizar los variados horizontes epistemológicos desde los cuales es posible hacer ciencia.
Exiliadas chilenas:una aproximación de género en las memorias del exilio
Authors: Espinoza Cartes Carolina Andrea
Published: January 2020

El exilio chileno provocado tras el golpe de estado que significó el fin de la Unidad Popular, empujó al exterior a cerca de 200.000 personas entre 1973 y 1977 y en total a 400.000 personas, si se considera el final de la sanción en 1988.  Un tercio de esa diáspora lo constituyeron mujeres, quienes salieron de Chile rumbo a los países más emblemáticos como Argentina, Canadá, México, Suecia, Noruega, Francia o España después de un periodo de persecución, represión, tortura y en muchos casos, prisión. En el siguiente artículo se analiza cómo esas mujeres vivieron el exilio solas o junto a sus familias, bajo seis ejes temáticos: la salida de Chile, la llegada al país de acogida, la familia y las relaciones afectivas, trabajo y estudio, militancias y activismo politico y la posibilidad del retorno.
Editorial: Educación y Refugiados
Authors: Velloso de Santisteban Agustín
Published: January 2020

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Autobiografía, política y escritura: "Mis primeros cuarenta años" (1987), de Federica Montseny
Authors: Nieva de la Paz Pilar
Published: January 2020

La transformación progresiva de los roles de género se ha plasmado en la apertura de las mujeres españolas a nuevos espacios y comportamientos a lo largo del siglo XX. Destacan en este sentido las mujeres que se incorporaron por primera vez en la España del primer tercio del siglo XX a la política profesional. Entre ellas, Federica Montseny (1905-1994), escritora, periodista y líder sindical, que llegó a ser la primera mujer ministra en España. En su última autobiografía conocida, Mis primeros cuarenta años (Barcelona, 1987), terminada con más de 80 años, reconstruye sus cuartro primeras décadas de vida y plasma la evolución personal que la llevó desde una temprana dedicación al periodismo anarquista y a la escritura de novelas populares "de tesis", hasta el ejercicio de las más altas responsabilidades sindicales y políticas. Verdadera work in progress, elaborada durante su largo exilio en Francia a partir de materiales escritos a lo largo de medio siglo, reivindica su protagonismo en los históricos acontecimientos vividos y ofrece la imagen de Montseny como "mujer nueva", verdadero ejemplo de militante y líder anarquista. El análisis detenido de su autobiografía, de sus contenidos y técnicas fundamentales, permite comprender mejor la producción periodística y literaria de la autora anterior a la Guerra Civil, presidida por el compromiso político, y recuperar su valioso testimonio del exilio.
Literatura testimonial y perspectiva de género: en torno a "Bibiana" (1963) y "Celda común" (1996), de Dolores Medio
Authors: Alfonso García María del Carmen
Published: January 2020

Este artículo se organiza alrededor de las novelas Bibiana y Celda común, de Dolores Medio, considerándolas a la luz de la poética de la escritora y, cada una en su nivel —de más concreto alcance en Bibiana —, un ejemplo de literatura testimonial vinculada a la oposición femenina antifranquista. Para ello, y siempre desde el enfoque de los estudios de género, se parte de una indagación en el contexto socio–histórico que las explica, especialmente determinado por las acciones de las mujeres en las huelgas de la primavera de 1962, con las que la autora se implicó y mostró su compromiso personal y literario, hasta participar en la manifestación celebrada en la Puerta del Sol el 15 de mayo de 1962 en defensa de los mineros asturianos, experiencia referida en Bibiana, y, como consecuencia, ser arrestada y encarcelada durante un mes en la prisión madrileña de Ventas, circunstancia que está en la base de Celda común. Desde ahí, y, por sus características, con especial atención a esta segunda obra, se exploran los mecanismos a través de los cuales ambos títulos, como parte del mismo proyecto creativo, se constituyen en espacio de resistencia a través de la memoria.
Angélica Liddell y su "A" de artista: una revisión crítica de "La letra escarlata"
Authors: Checa Puerta Julio Enrique
Published: January 2020

El presente trabajo analiza la última producción escénica de la dramaturga, intérprete y directora española Angélica Liddell. La letra escarlata es un trabajo que confirma a su autora como una de las creadoras imprescincibles en el panorama teatral español y europeo contemporáneos.
A remnant choledochal cyst after choledochal cyst excision treated with a lumen-apposing metal stent: a case report
Authors: Kim Bo Kyung , Chun Jung Won , Lee Sang Hyub , Ryu Ji Kon , Kim Yong-Tae , Paik Woo Hyun
Published: January 2020

A lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) is a saddle-shaped stent with large flanges at both ends, thereby preventing stent migration and helping with approximation of the adjacent structures. We report the case of a 25-year-old female with remnant choledochal cyst which was successfully treated with LAMS after initial treatment failure with a plastic stent. Although complete excision of the cyst is the definite treatment of choledochal cysts, endoscopic ultrasonography-guided cystoduodenostomy can be considered in cases wherein surgery is not feasible and dysplasia is not present. LAMS may be preferred to plastic stents for effective resolution of remnant choledochal cyst and prevention of ascending infection.
Ensino e avaliação: um estudo a partir da realidade dos desafios da aprendizagem
Authors: Rosa Maurício Bueno da
Published: January 2020

Neste artigo refletiremos sobre o atual sistema de avaliação da aprendizagem em nossas escolas, possibilita aos professores se sentirem com autoridade, prestígio e poder para emitir um juízo sobre os alunos que determinará a sua aprovação, reprovação e até mesmo evasão da escola, sem levar em consideração outros elementos do processo de ensino e do contexto social que interferem nesse veredicto. Dessa forma, a avaliação, que deveria ser vista como mais um elemento a serviço da aprendizagem e do crescimento dos alunos, figura como um refúgio para salvaguardar o prestígio e a autoridade do professor e para impor a ordem e a obediência, O aluno, na maioria das vezes, passa a emitir as respostas que 'o professor deseja', privando-se assim de criar, de duvidar, de refletir. Agindo dessa forma, os alunos asseguram a sua aprovação, que para eles geralmente interessa mais do que participar ativamente de um processo de construção do conhecimento. O momento da avaliação, que poderia ser uma parada para refletir sobre o processo e uma coleta de informações para refazer o percurso ou prosseguir o trabalho, limita-se à mera quantificação do desempenho do aluno, prendendo-se às formalidades de final de bimestre. No processo de ensino, a avaliação não deve ser um aspecto dissociado deste, trabalhado isoladamente, mas sim, parte integrante do processo educativo, que contribua para a sua análise e reflexão, possibilitando assim uma assimilação efetiva por parte do aluno, dos conhecimentos transmitidos.
Desarrollo de estrategias para la implantación de contratos ambientales en sistemas silvopastorales
Authors: Vicente Fernando M. , Azqueta Diego
Published: January 2020

This article starts from the recognition of the importance of maintaining extensive livestock farming to conserve very valuable ecosystems. Extensive farming is characterized by low profitability and a strong dependence on Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) subsidies. A Logistic Biplot method was implemented to characterize livestock farms located within the Biosphere Reserve of the ‘Sierra de Béjar’ and ‘Sierra de Francia’. Finally, an environmental contract linked to the performance of clearing practices and the maintenance of stone walls was proposed.
L'appropriation de terres agricoles à des fins de villégiatures : le cas de la municipalité régionale de comté de Memphrémagog
Authors: Loyer Fabien , Doyon Mélanie
Published: January 2020

Bien que les Trente Glorieuses marquent le début d’une importante diminution de la population rurale et en particulier du nombre d’agriculteurs au Québec, cette période est également le témoin d’un phénomène de « retour à la campagne » ou, autrement dit, d’exode urbain. La nouvelle attractivité des campagnes va favoriser l’apparition d’une nouvelle catégorie de villégiateurs qui acquièrent de plus en plus de terres agricoles à des fins non agricoles. Cet article vise à mettre en lumière les conséquences que pareille appropriation des terres agricoles peut avoir sur la pérennité et la viabilité de l’agriculture de la Municipalité régionale de comté (MRC) de Memphrémagog, un territoire qui connaît depuis les dernières années une diminution de son dynamisme agricole et une présence grandissante de villégiateurs.
Muerta pero no enterrada: Hannah Dustan y la creación de una comunidad norteamericana de memoria
Authors: Ortells Montón Elena
Published: January 2020

Apresada por un grupo de indios abenakis, el 15 de marzo de 1697, Hannah Dustan presenció el asesinato de su bebé a manos de sus captores y sufrió todo tipo de torturas físicas y psicológicas. Ante el temor a padecer mayores tormentos a su llegada al campamento al que eran conducidos, la mujer asesinó a sus captores y les arrancó las cabelleras. Considerada por muchos como “madre de la historia norteamericana”, Dustan ha sido incluso tildada por otros de asesina de indios. Las múltiples versiones de su experiencia evidencian cómo los mitos nacionales femeninos y sus víctimas nativas se pusieron al servicio de una retórica política que justificó la colonización y el expansionismo norteamericanos y que promovió fórmulas patrióticas claramente basadas en la superioridad masculina y el supremacismo blanco que parecen haber resurgido durante la presidencia de Donald Trump.
Más allá de la contienda: representaciones del soldado anónimo en la obra de Romain Rolland
Authors: Molines Galarza Nuria
Published: January 2020

Comprometido con el pacifismo y el ideal humanista, para Romain Rolland, la Primera Guerra Mundial supuso una debacle personal y autoral al verse prácticamente solo en una Europa donde los “regimientos de la pluma” se dedicaron a orquestar el odio de los pueblos. Rolland, en cambio, colaboró con la Agencia Internacional de Prisioneros de Guerra en Suiza, país donde permaneció en una suerte de exilio hasta el final del conflicto. Así accede a los testimonios de soldados de ambos bandos, que luego reflejará en sus artículos, publicados en el volumen Au-dessus de la mêlée (1915), en sus diarios, correspondencia con autores como Stefan Zweig, y en la obra con la que culmina este aciago periodo: Clerambault (1920).
"Y el retorno para muchos no fue": La narración de la muerte en canto popular sobre la Gran Guerra
Authors: Benozzo Francesco
Published: January 2020

Los cientos de canciones tradicionales italianas compuestas durante la Primera Guerra Mundial ofrecen un punto de vista peculiar e impredecible sobre la muerte y sobre los muertos. Lejos de la retórica patriótica de los cantos de los reclutas, algunos de ellos nos dan la espantosa imagen de seres humanos que viven en una frontera donde los muertos son sus compañeros de armas, asesinados detrás de ellos, antes y después de ellos: un verdadero paisaje de muerte del que los cadáveres representan el contorno macabro.
Enseñanza y divulgación de la electrotecnia en España a finales del siglo XIX: las colecciones técnicas de Bailly-Baillière
Authors: Moreno Villanueva José Antonio
Published: January 2020

A finales del siglo xix, el interés por las aplicaciones de la electricidad iba más allá de las aulas de las escuelas técnicas y universidades. La comunidad técnica ya no estaba integrada solo por quienes habían seguido estudios de ingeniería, sino también por los electricistas prácticos, que necesitaban asimismo formarse en este ámbito. Entre las obras surgidas con este propósito destacan las dos colecciones publicadas por la editorial Bailly-Baillière e Hijos que son objeto de este estudio: la Pequeña Enciclopedia Electromecánica (1896-1897), dirigida por Henry de Graffigny, y la Biblioteca Completa de Electricidad (1898), de Thomas O’Conor Sloane. Ambas, de carácter marcadamente divulgativo, disfrutaron de una extraordinaria acogida y contribuyeron sin duda a la enseñanza y popularización de la electrotecnia.
Presynaptic developmental plasticity allows robust sparse wiring of the Drosophila mushroom body
Authors: Elkahlah Najia A , Rogow Jackson A , Ahmed Maria , Clowney E Josephine
Published: January 2020

In order to represent complex stimuli, principle neurons of associative learning regions receive combinatorial sensory inputs. Density of combinatorial innervation is theorized to determine the number of distinct stimuli that can be represented and distinguished from one another, with sparse innervation thought to optimize the complexity of representations in networks of limited size. How the convergence of combinatorial inputs to principle neurons of associative brain regions is established during development is unknown. Here, we explore the developmental patterning of sparse olfactory inputs to Kenyon cells of the Drosophila melanogaster mushroom body. By manipulating the ratio between pre- and post-synaptic cells, we find that postsynaptic Kenyon cells set convergence ratio: Kenyon cells produce fixed distributions of dendritic claws while presynaptic processes are plastic. Moreover, we show that sparse odor responses are preserved in mushroom bodies with reduced cellular repertoires, suggesting that developmental specification of convergence ratio allows functional robustness.
The flying charm: To cologne in the wine cellar. On the history of a scholarly legend
Authors:   Meertens Institute, Amsterdam, de Blécourt Willem
Published: January 2020

The charm Over Hedges and Bushes (Dutch: Over heg en haag; English: Over Thick and Over Thin; German: Oben aus und nirgend an) primarily occurs within the legend Following the Witch. It is impossible to study the one without the other. The crux of the legend consists of the pendant charm Through Thick and Through Thin and equivalents, which ridicules the original charm. In this contribution, both the modern European distribution of the legend and its earlier history are investigated from a Dutch perspective. It is argued that the pendant charm is the modern version of calling on God during a witches’ flight or a witches’ banquet. This change made the legend, previously used to underline the reality of the witches’ flight, into a joke. It transfigured the deadly fall from the air, which earlier was a warning against conversing with demons, into a hazardous undertaking which affected bodily apparel. It questioned the actions of men who tried to follow the superstitions of women. Yet the legend will not have been understood everywhere in the same way.
Interfacial Assembly of Mesoporous Silica‐Based Optical Heterostructures for Sensing Applications
Authors: Gao Meng , Zeng Jie , Liang Kang , Zhao Dongyuan , Kong Biao
Published: January 2020

Functionalized mesoporous silica materials (MSMs) are extensively investigated in sensing science due to their diverse structural and optical properties including tunable pore size, modifiable surface properties, and excellent accessibility to active sites. In the last few years, great efforts have been devoted to developing modification methods for MSMs for sensing applications with augmented sensitivity, super selectivity, as well as targeting capability, and multimodal capabilities. The functional group, structure, morphology, and component levels in the assembly of heterostructures of MSMs are a key for high sensing performance. As the development of mesoporous silica‐based sensing materials progresses, diverse functional units and materials are rationally implemented into the mesoporous structures. These heterostructures can maintain the excellent structural features of mesoporous silica and the optical properties of the functional units simultaneously, which shows the advantages of photostability, design flexibility, and multifunctionality. Here, an up‐to‐date overview of the fabrication strategies, the properties, and the sensing mechanisms of optical heterostructures based on MSMs is provided. A number of crucial sensing domains, including ionic, molecules, temperature, and biological species are highlighted. Finally, the prospects and potential sensing applications of mesoporous silica‐based optical heterostructures are discussed.
Enhanced Fluorescence for Bioassembly by Environment‐Switching Doping of Metal Ions
Authors: Tao Kai , Chen Yu , Orr Asuka A. , Tian Zhen , Makam Pandeeswar , Gilead Sharon , Si Mingsu , Rencus‐Lazar Sigal , Qu Songnan , Zhang Mingjun , Tamamis Phanourios , Gazit Ehud
Published: January 2020

The self‐assembly of cyclodipeptides composed of natural aromatic amino acids into supramolecular structures of diverse morphologies with intrinsic emissions in the visible light region is demonstrated. The assembly process can be halted at the initial oligomerization by coordination with zinc ions, with the most prominent effect observed for cyclo‐dihistidine (cyclo‐HH). This process is mediated by attracting and pulling of the metal ions from the solvent into the peptide environment, rather than by direct interaction in the solvent as commonly accepted, thus forming an “environment‐switching” doping mechanism. The doping induces a change of cyclo‐HH molecular configurations and leads to the formation of pseudo “core/shell” clusters, comprising peptides and zinc ions organized in ordered conformations partially surrounded by relatively amorphous layers, thus significantly enhancing the emissions and allowing the application of the assemblies for ecofriendly color‐converted light emitting diodes. These findings shed light into the very initial coordination procedure and elucidate an alternative mechanism of metal ions doping on biomolecules, thus presenting a promising avenue for integration of the bioorganic world and the optoelectronic field.
Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Synthesis and Functionalization of Indole Derivatives
Authors: Yu Yi , Zhong Jun‐Song , Xu Kai , Yuan Yaofeng , Ye Ke‐Yin
Published: January 2020

The chemists’ pursuit of the ideal synthesis and functionalization of indole derivatives has lasted over 150 years as their scaffolds have been widely found in natural products, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and organic materials. In this regard, the recent resurgence of adopting green and sustainable electrochemistry in organic synthesis suggests that electrosynthesis is a promising strategy. Indeed, many new intriguing applications of synthesis and functionalization of indole derivatives by direct and redox‐mediated electrochemical means have been disclosed. In this review, we highlight the fundamental aspects, reaction scopes, synthetic applications and reaction mechanisms of the electrochemical synthesis and functionalization of indole derivatives.

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Nitrogen management impact on winter wheat grain yield and estimated plant nitrogen loss
Authors: Dhillon Jagmandeep , Eickhoff Elizabeth , Aula Lawrence , Omara Peter , Weymeyer Gwen , Nambi Eva , Oyebiyi Fikayo , Carpenter Tyler , Raun William
Published: January 2020

Method of N application in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and its impact on estimated plant N loss has not been extensively evaluated. The effects of the pre‐plant N application method, topdress N application method, and their interactions on grain yield, grain protein concentration (GPC), nitrogen fertilizer recovery use efficiency (NFUE), and gaseous N loss was investigated. The trials were set up in an incomplete factorial within a randomized complete block design and replicated three times for 5 site‐years. Data collection included normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), grain yield, and forage and grain N concentration. The NDVI before and after 90 growing degree days (GDD) were correlated with final grain yield, grain N uptake, GPC, and NFUE. At Efaw location, NDVI after 90 GDDs accounted for 58% of variation in grain yield and 51% variation in grain N uptake. However, NDVI was found to be a poor indicator of both GPC and NFUE. Grain yield was not affected by the method and timing of N application at Efaw. Alternatively, at Perkins, topdress applications resulted in higher yields. The GPC and NFUE were improved with the topdress applications. Generally, topdress application enhanced GPC and NFUE without decreasing the final grain yield. The difference method used in calculating gaseous N loss did not always reveal similar results, and estimated plant N loss was variable by site‐year, and depended on daily fluctuations in the environment.
Small bowel ischemia as an unusual complication of Henoch‐Schönlein purpura in an adult: A case report
Authors: Ko Meng‐Yu , Yen Chi‐En , Hsu Yu‐Chun , Chen Chih‐Jung , Yen Hsu‐Heng
Published: January 2020

Henoch‐Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a systemic vasculitis affecting small vessels. It is the most common systemic vasculitis in children and is rare in adults. Serious gastrointestinal complications are more common in children than in adults. We describe a case of new‐onset HSP in a previously healthy 63‐year‐old male who required an emergency laparotomy for acute small bowel ischemia.
Four children with postnatally diagnosed mosaic trisomy 12: Clinical features, literature review, and current diagnostic capabilities of genetic testing
Authors: Hu Jie , Ou Zhishuo , Surti Urvashi , Kochmar Sally , Hoffner Lori , Madan‐Khetarpal Suneeta , Arnold Georgianne L. , Walsh Leslie , Acquaro Roxanne , Sebastian Jessica , Yatsenko Svetlana A.
Published: January 2020

Children or adults with mosaic trisomy 12 diagnosed postnatally are extremely rare. Only a small number of patients with this mosaicism have been reported in the literature. The clinical manifestation of mosaic trisomy 12 is variable, ranging from mild developmental delay to severe congenital anomaly and neonatal death. The trisomy 12 cells are not usually able to be detected by phytohemagglutinin stimulated peripheral blood chromosome analysis. The variability of phenotypes and the limited number of patients with this anomaly pose a challenge to predict the clinical outcomes. In this study, we present the phenotypes and laboratory findings in four patients and review the 11 previously reported patients with mosaic trisomy 12 diagnosed postnatally, as well as 11 patients with mosaic trisomy 12 diagnosed prenatally. The findings of this study provide useful information for laboratory diagnosis and clinical management of these patients.
Advancing RAS/RASopathy therapies: An NCI‐sponsored intramural and extramural collaboration for the study of RASopathies
Authors: Gross Andrea M. , Frone Megan , Gripp Karen W. , Gelb Bruce D. , Schoyer Lisa , Schill Lisa , Stronach Beth , Biesecker Leslie G. , Esposito Dominic , Hernandez Edjay Ralph , Legius Eric , Loh Mignon L. , Martin Staci , Morrison Deborah K. , Rauen Katherine A. , Wolters Pamela L. , Zand Dina , McCormick Frank , Savage Sharon A. , Stewart Douglas R. , Widemann Brigitte C. , Yohe Marielle E.
Published: January 2020

RASopathies caused by germline pathogenic variants in genes that encode RAS pathway proteins. These disorders include neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), Noonan syndrome (NS), cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome (CFC), and Costello syndrome (CS), and others. RASopathies are characterized by heterogenous manifestations, including congenital heart disease, failure to thrive, and increased risk of cancers. Previous work led by the NCI Pediatric Oncology Branch has altered the natural course of one of the key manifestations of the RASopathy NF1. Through the conduct of a longitudinal cohort study and early phase clinical trials, the MEK inhibitor selumetinib was identified as the first active therapy for the NF1‐related peripheral nerve sheath tumors called plexiform neurofibromas (PNs). As a result, selumetinib was granted breakthrough therapy designation by the FDA for the treatment of PN. Other RASopathy manifestations may also benefit from RAS targeted therapies. The overall goal of Advancing RAS/RASopathy Therapies (ART), a new NCI initiative, is to develop effective therapies and prevention strategies for the clinical manifestations of the non‐NF1 RASopathies and for tumors characterized by somatic RAS mutations. This report reflects discussions from a February 2019 initiation meeting for this project, which had broad international collaboration from basic and clinical researchers and patient advocates.
Production of Hydroxy Acids: Selective Double Oxidation of Diols by Flavoprotein Alcohol Oxidase
Authors: Martin Caterina , Trajkovic Milos , Fraaije Marco W.
Published: January 2020

Flavoprotein oxidases can catalyze oxidations of alcohols and amines by merely using molecular oxygen as the oxidant, making this class of enzymes appealing for biocatalysis. The FAD‐containing (FAD=flavin adenine dinucleotide) alcohol oxidase from P. chrysosporium facilitated double and triple oxidations for a range of aliphatic diols. Interestingly, depending on the diol substrate, these reactions result in formation of either lactones or hydroxy acids. For example, diethylene glycol could be selectively and fully converted into 2‐(2‐hydroxyethoxy)acetic acid. Such a facile cofactor‐independent biocatalytic route towards hydroxy acids opens up new avenues for the preparation of polyester building blocks.
Generation and Reactivity of Amidyl Radicals: Manganese‐Mediated Atom‐Transfer Reaction
Authors: Liu Run‐Zhou , Li Jinxia , Sun Jun , Liu Xian‐Guan , Qu Shuanglin , Li Ping , Zhang Bo
Published: January 2020

A simple and efficient protocol to generate amidyl radicals from amine functionalities through a manganese‐mediated atom‐transfer reaction has been developed. This approach employs an earth‐abundant and inexpensive manganese complex, Mn2(CO)10, as the catalyst and visible light as the energy input. Using this strategy, site‐selective chlorination of unactivated C(sp3)−H bonds of aliphatic amines and intramolecular/intermolecular chloroaminations of unactivated alkenes were readily realized under mild reaction conditions, thus providing efficient access to a range of synthetically valuable alkyl chlorides, chlorinated pyrrolidines, and vicinal chloroamine derivatives. These practical reactions exhibit a broad substrate scope and tolerate a wide array of functional groups, and complex molecules including various marketed drug derivatives.
Structural changes of polyacrylonitrile fibers in the process of wet spinning
Authors: Sun Lihao , Shang Lei , Xiao Linghan , Zhang Mengjie , Li Ming , Ao Yuhui
Published: January 2020

In this article, the structural changes of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers at the key stages of wet spinning are systemically studied. According to the X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analysis, the as‐spun fibers show a homogeneous three‐dimensional fibrillar network structure with random crystallite orientation, low crystallinity, and abundant pores. As the draw ratio increases, the crystallite orientation and crystallinity increase firstly in the skin and then in the core. The uneven force distribution in fiber is responsible for the inhomogeneous change of fibrillar network. According to the X‐ray scattering and scanning electron microscopy analysis, the size, shape, and volume fraction of pores are strongly dependent on the compactness degree of fibrillar network. As the fibrillar network inhomogeneously shrinks, the total pore volume decreases, and the volume fraction of small‐sized pores increased considerably from 25 to 96%, leaving a handful of large‐sized pores in the core. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48905.
Solubility parameters and solvent affinities for polycaprolactone: A comparison of methods
Authors: Boucher David S.
Published: January 2020

Intrinsic viscosity measurements were used in combination with the functional solubility parameter (FSP) and Hansen solubility parameter (HSP) fitting methods to determine the solubility parameters (SPs) of polycaprolactone (PCL). Despite using only eight solvents, a simple similarity criteria approach showed that the HSPs and FSPs were good predictors of the relative solvent‐PCL affinity compared to HSPs available in the literature and SPs calculated using additive group contribution methods. Three complementary computational methodologies—Conductor‐like Screening MOdel for Real Solvents (COSMO‐RS), partial solvation parameters (PSPs), and a thermodynamic quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) approach—were used to substantiate the relative solvent–PCL affinities revealed by the intrinsic viscosity measurements. The solvent affinities predicted by all three techniques were in good agreement with the trend observed in the experimental intrinsic viscosity data, but the COSMO‐RS activity coefficients, ln(γPCL), were slightly superior to the PSP and thermodynamic QSPR methods, particularly when incorporating the Elbro free‐volume combinatorial correction in the COSMO‐RS calculations. As part of this study, the FSP fitting algorithm was modified to obtain the PSPs for PCL in terms of the intrinsic viscosity data, thereby, presenting a promising new way to calculate the PSPs of polymers from empirical solubility and solvent affinity data. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48908.
An exponential type control design for autonomous vehicle platoon systems
Authors: Zhao Xiaomin , Ju Jinxin , Dong Fangfang , Chen Ye‐Hwa , Zhang Liang , Zhang Bingzhan
Published: January 2020

Grouping vehicles into platoon is an effective method of increasing the road capacity of vehicles. Thereby there are autonomous vehicle platoon systems. In this paper, a platoon system consisting of a leading vehicle and N following vehicles is considered. The dynamic model containing the uncertainty is established subject to the physical laws. The uncertainty is time‐varying and bounded with unknown bound. Our objective is to design a control to guarantee uniform ultimate boundedness and collision avoidance. This is then formulated as a one‐sided constraint‐following control problem. Employing swarm properties, Udwadia‐Kalaba theory and a state transformation, an exponential type adaptive robust control approach for each following vehicle is brought forward. The proposed control renders the platoon system uniform boundedness and uniform ultimate boundedness in the presence of the uncertainty. The performances of compact formation and collision avoidance are also achieved.
Minimal viable sugar yield of biomass pretreatment
Authors: Marks Caroline , König Andrea , Mitsos Alexander , Viell Jörn
Published: January 2020

The pretreatment of biomass and the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis to sugars play an important role in the production of biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass. However, the influence of pretreatment and hydrolysis yields on the production pathway performance of biofuels is rarely researched from the beginning. Moreover, a clear trade‐off between economic efficiency and environmental impact exists. Production pathways can be evaluated with reaction network flux analysis (RNFA) ( Voll A and Marquardt W, Reaction network flux analysis: Optimization‐based evaluation of reaction pathways for biorenewables processing. AIChE J 58(6):1788–1801 (2012)). Utilizing RNFA, this study explores the influence of biomass pretreatment, focusing on changes in biomass composition, fractionation efficiency, and sugar yield after hydrolysis on the production performance of biofuels for several pretreatment concepts and several wood sources. The results show that, for ethanol and ethyl levulinate production, specific fuel costs and carbon loss correlate reciprocally with the yields of pretreatment and hydrolysis. For a constant biofuel output, the main cost driver is the feed stream of biomass, which decreases with an improved overall sugar yield after pretreatment. Furthermore, above a threshold value, specific fuel costs increase strongly with carbon loss. As a result, a minimal yield of 40% carbohydrates from wood seems to be the limit of viable production in the processes that were considered. We therefore developed a facile strategy to assess the performance of pretreatment and hydrolysis in biomass processing © 2020 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts, and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous Determination of Hydroquinone and Catechol by N‐doped Porous Biochar‐modified Electrode
Authors: Liu Yue‐Xin , Du Shi‐Man , Cao Jie , Huang Wen‐sheng , Zhang Xiao‐Ru , Qi Bao‐Ping , Zhang Sheng‐Hui
Published: January 2020

N‐doped porous biochar (NPB) with large conjugated systems could not only be used as enrichment carriers but also be in favor of electron transport in the electrochemical detection. The NPB‐modified electrode was fabricated for the simultaneous detection of catechol (CA) and hydroquinone (HQ) to enhance the signal‐to‐noise ratio and further improve the sensitivity. A detection limit as low as 37 and 47 nM was achieved for CA and HQ, respectively. The proposed strategy with the merits of high sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility exhibited a great potential for the detection.
Analysing the importance of sustainability‐oriented service quality in competition environment
Authors: Ozbekler Turkan Muge , Ozturkoglu Yucel
Published: January 2020

The logistics sector is one of the most important domains in the service sector in understanding the increasing scale of business activities along with globalization. Due to the nature of the service sector, where competition is increasingly concentrated, the main objective of firms is the creation of their strategy on competitive advantage in regard with knowing the level of quality of the services offered and the firm's image from the customers' point of view. Trying to adapt to the changing conditions of the market drives firms to integrate their competing areas into their sustainability dimensions (economic, social, and environmental) with the aim of increasing their perceived quality through differentiating their business to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. The aim of this study is to examine the quality level perceived by logistics service providers in terms of triple bottom line approach and to determine the relationship between them for sustainable competition. In line with exploratory methods, factor analysis was used with the aim of finding out a new scale to the literature about the examination of the relationship between quality perception and corporate sustainability in the frame of competition. In this context, data of 120 logistics service providers were collected and analysed. According to the results, the content of the subject consists of nine factors and 29 interrelated subdimensions. As a result of the research, firms have emphasized on the importance of reaching the competition by expanding their quality perceptions within the scope of corporate sustainability in parallel with the increasing customer demands and expectations.
Typologies of Child Protection Systems: An International Approach
Authors: Connolly Marie , Katz Ilan
Published: January 2020

In recent decades, typologies have been developed to better understand the way in which different countries create systems to protect the interests of vulnerable children and their families. A child protection system typology is a classification of a set of characteristics that capture and define different approaches to child protection. Typologies are helpful in enabling comparisons of systems across international contexts, helping also to illuminate the various strengths and weaknesses of child protection systems. Typologies can also guide or redirect the development of a system, as they illustrate the varied ways in which children might be better protected. They explain how a cultural value base underpins approaches to child protection and can suggest alternative ways in which a system might evolve, based on the experiences of other countries. This article builds upon early typology building work and presents an international child protection system typology that has universal application. Country examples are used to illustrate the development of systems across two dimensions: whether they are oriented towards an individual or community focus; and whether systems are more, or less, regulated.