bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Principles of Scientific Management by Frederick W. Taylor: the private printing
Authors: Carlson Dean Carol
Published: April 2007

The Principles of Scientific Management by Frederick W. Taylor began as the text of a fireside lecture and evolved into a classic work of the Scientific Management Era. Taylor failed to convince his colleagues in the American Society of Mechanical Engineers to publish his “Principles” in the ASME Transactions, in spite of an extensive letter writing campaign directed toward the effort. He resorted to a “private printing” of the material that had been rejected by the ASME. Taylor personally distributed copies of the private printing to his friends in the Society before the publication of each of the forthcoming magazine articles and the “trade edition” of essentially the same material. Personal correspondence preserved in the Taylor Collection at Stevens Institute of Technology provides clues to the events of 1910‐1911, wherein Taylor labored over the manner of publication of his “Principles of Scientific Management.” This paper tracks the details of these events through the publication of the private printing. Articles in subsequent issues of Journal of Management History will track the publishing events following the private printing.
A new method of discovering primary management history: two examples where “little things mean a lot”
Authors: Wrege Charles D. , Greenwood Ronald G. , Greenwood Regina
Published: April 2007

Outlines a new method of discovering original documents related to management history. Uses seemingly insignificant statements in books, articles or original documents to locate documents not listed on any computer database or public archive records, but which are undiscovered in attics or basements. The method involves the use of sources not commonly used by management scholars: obituaries, wills, cemetery records, deeds, land‐ownership maps, city directories and court records. Provides two examples to illustrate the discovery of actual documents: (1) the discovery of ten years of correspondence between F.W. Taylor and S. Thompson on the time required to do work, and (2) new evidence on F.W. Taylor’s interest in high‐heat treatment of tool steel leading to high‐speed steel and in shovels and shovelling. Finally presents new evidence on Taylor’s secret agreement with Bethlehem Steel to give favourable testimony in a patent case in exchange for a free licence for the high‐speed steel process Taylor had sold to Bethlehem for more than $50,000 in 1901.
The history of Herman Miller, Inc. and the nature of emergence
Authors: Hench Thomas J.
Published: April 2007

This study examines the nature of emergent, self‐organizing systems in the context of the history of Herman Miller, Inc. This history informs our understanding of emergent systems on two levels: how the dynamic of emergent self‐organization informs our sense of the past; and how it informs our understanding of an emergent, self‐organizing future. This article also recounts a critical period in the development history of Herman Miller, Inc.
Investigation into the influence of material and process on part distortion
Authors: Wiedemann B. , Dusel K.‐H. , Eschl J.
Published: April 2007

To facilitate the selection of stereolithography resins, methods have been developed which evaluate photopolymers with respect to dynamics of polymerization and shrinkage, and also the sensitivity of polymerization with respect to process conditions and ambient influences. To use the whole potential of a resin it is necessary to identify the material behaviour related to the build process. The process parameters have to be adapted to the individual material. Describes how numerical simulation of part distortion can help in understanding the interaction between material properties and process parameters. Concludes by stating that the build process must be optimized to reduce internal stresses and to cater for post‐curing effects.
UK SMEs’ awareness, use, and perceptions of selected government export assistance – An investigation into the effect of ethnicity
Authors: Crick Dave , Chaudhry Shiv
Published: April 2007

This study reports on a government funded empirical investigation into UK managers’ export behaviour and assistance requirements and focuses on one aspect of the research, namely perceptions towards selected export assistance programmes. Specifically, it investigates whether differences exist between managers of UK small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) owned by executives from particular ethnic origins, i.e. Asian and indigenous (white)‐owned firms, in relation to their awareness and frequency of use of the programmes, together with their perceptions towards the availability of the assistance schemes. The paper presents statistical differences between the two ethnic groups leading to the recommendation that public policy makers may need to rethink their approach towards the delivery of assistance in order that scarce resources are allocated more efficiently and effectively.
The employment environment and smaller firms
Authors: Marlow Sue
Published: April 2007

Examines the evidence for the utilization of human resource management approaches in smaller firms to shape employee relations in the UK. The influence of global change and volatile markets on the utilization of human resource management in the UK is considered and it is argued, that as small businesses are a significant employer in the private sector, the manner in which human resource management techniques are employed in small firms is critical.
Ansoff’s Matrix, pain and gain
Authors: Watts Gerald , Cope Jason , Hulme Michael
Published: April 2007

This paper seeks to explore the relationship between learning, strategy and growth in small food producing firms using Ansoff’s strategy matrix as a framework and explores the usefulness of Greiner’s life cycle model. The complexity of this interaction is examined and it is concluded that the growth process is much more complex than that suggested by the Greiner model.
A process model for entrepreneurship education and development
Authors: Leitch Claire M. , Harrison Richard T.
Published: April 2007

There has been a significant reawakening of interest in the applicability of action learning as a paradigm for management development, particularly as a pedagogical device in both classroom and executive development contexts. This development has occurred against a background of a wider re‐examination of the theory and practice of management education and development. Fundamentally, this re‐examination has been stimulated by criticism of the static, content‐oriented approach as inappropriate to the changing environment of the 1990s. In particular, there is a shift required for effective management: business schools will have to focus on the day‐to‐day realities of the business world, develop communication and leadership skills and emphasise continuous attention to the links between theory and practice. The implications are twofold: first, the range of teaching techniques must be extended to include process‐oriented approaches; second, and more fundamentally, there is a need for an expanded definition of the learning arena itself, and of the role of management schools within that. Renewed interest in and attention to the concept of the learning company, and to processes of both individual and organisational learning, redefines the context within which these changes are taking place. Reviews a number of key developments in this understanding of contemporary management education and development, and presents a summary of a new programme built as an action‐ and implementation‐oriented approach to entrepreneurial senior executive development. This programme aims to support the development of leadership in both large and smaller, growth‐oriented, companies, in a partnership which breaches the conventional separation both between the encapsulated learning arenas of the university and the organisation and between management and entrepreneurship education and development. This partnership emphasises the impact of intra‐group and interorganisational learning on both the participants and on the context of their organisations.
A strategic perspective of entrepreneurship
Authors: Thompson John L.
Published: April 2007

Contends that the E‐V‐R (environment‐values‐resources) congruence model provides an ideal framework for examining what entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial managers must achieve strategically in order to create and sustain organisational effectiveness and success. E‐V‐R shows how the environment is a source of opportunities and threats ‐ external key success factors; and that resources constitute strengths and weaknesses, strategic competencies which either match, or fail to match, environmental needs. Sustaining and changing this strategic fit is dependent on leadership, culture and values. Goes on to show that entrepreneurship is a process which is essential for establishing winning strategic positions and, as such, is relevant and vital for all types and size of organisation. Concludes with a summary model which relates the characteristics of successful strategic leadership with the key issues of risk and crisis management.
Country images of technological products in Taiwan
Authors: Ahmed Sadrudin A. , d’Astous Alain , Champagne Christian
Published: April 2007

This article presents the results of a survey of 202 male Taiwanese consumers. In this study, consumer judgements of two technological products varying in their level of complexity made in highly, moderately, and newly industrialised countries were obtained in a multi‐attribute context. The results show that the country‐of‐origin image of moderately and newly industrialised countries was less negative for technologically simpler products (i.e. a television) than they were for technologically complex products (i.e. a computer). It appears that the negative image of moderately and newly industrialised countries can be attenuated by making Taiwanese consumers more familiar with products made in these countries and/or by providing them with other product‐related information such as brand name and warranty. Newly industrialised countries were perceived more negatively as countries of design than as countries of assembly, especially in the context of making technologically complex products. The image of foreign countries as producers of consumer goods was positively correlated with education. The more familiar consumers were with the products of a country, the more favourable was their evaluation of that country. Consumer involvement with purchasing a technologically complex product such as a computer was positively associated with the appreciation of products made in moderately industrialised countries. Managerial and research implications are derived from these results.
An exploratory analysis in applying lean manufacturing to a labor‐intensive industry in China
Authors: Comm Clare L. , Mathaisel Dennis F.X.
Published: April 2007

Can Lean Manufacturing principles, that are suitable for capital‐intensive manufacturing in the U.S., be applied to a labor‐intensive textile firm in China? Data were collected from a family‐owned manufacturing plant, Orient Hand bag Ltd., in Fujian, China, and an Arena™ simulation model was developed to answer this question. The results indicate that, by applying Lean principles, Orient’s production efficiency for one of its most troublesome textile products could be im proved. Similarly, are these Lean principles suitable for other labor‐intensive industries in developing countries?
Information sources: is there a gender issue?
Authors: Burke Ronald J.
Published: April 2007

This study examined gender differences in utilization of information sources within a single large professional services firm. Nine specific sources of information, falling under three broad categories (interpersonal, official company publications, informal) were considered. Respondents indicated how much information they received, their preference for information, and the value of information received, from each source. There were few gender differences at the highest organizational levels (partners, managers) but considerable gender differences at lower organizational levels (professional field staff, secretarial and support staff). Women at lower organizational levels had greater preference for information from all three sources and received more information from official company publications and informal sources.
Future trends in materials for lightweight microwave packaging
Authors: Jacobson David M. , Sangha Satti P.S.
Published: April 2007

The set of properties required for microwave packaging materials intended for aerospace applications is discussed in relation to the current range of materials that are commercially available. Initiatives are being taken to replace kovar, the established packaging material, with substitutes which are lighter, stiffer and offer superior heat‐sinking. Promising in this regard are new family of beryllium‐beryllia and also silicon‐aluminium (Si‐Al) alloys high in silicon, with ratios of constituents chosen such that they optimally complement gallium arsenide MMIC devices and alumina circuit boards. Both types of material are relatively easy to machine and electroplate. Demonstrator microwave amplifier modules incorporating the Si‐Al alloys have been designed for space applications and have been successfully produced and tested. The manufacturing technology that has been developed for this purpose is described.
Low cost prototyping of multichip modules ‐ the European INCO‐Copernicus project
Authors: Illyefalvi‐Vitéz Zsolt , Vervaet Alfons , Van Calster André , Sinnadurai Nihal , Hrovat Marko , Svasta Paul , Tóth Endre , Belavic Darko , Mihai Ionescu Radu , Dennehy William
Published: April 2007

The opportunity for mutual benefit across Europe to develop low‐cost MCM technologies arose from recognition of the scientific skills and design and prototyping capabilities in organic and inorganic circuits in countries of Central Europe. As a result, the leading research institutions and small/medium‐size enterprises of Hungary, Romania and Slovenia together with relevant institutions of the UK and Belgium proposed and received approval for a European Union INCO‐Copernicus project “Cheap multichip models” to establish fast prototyping low cost multichip module (MCM) technology facilities. The project commenced in May 1997.
Money laundering and income tax evasion: the determination of optimal audits and inspections to detect abnormal prices in international trade
Authors: de Boyrie Maria E. , Pak Simon J. , Zdanowicz John S.
Published: April 2007

Presents a statistical auditing system which gives a methodology for statistical analysis of international trade prices. Discusses how this can help governments and international lending agencies, or internationally trading firms, determine the optimal level of audits and physical inspections of cargoes in order to detect abnormally priced imports and exports, using a cost ‐ benefit approach. Applies a computer program to analyse transactions in any commodity between the USA and any other country, and describes the data set and methodology for determining upper and lower bound prices, using the inter‐quartile range as the benchmark for determining abnormality. Presents results from earlier studies and gives an example of how the proposed statistical auditing system can be used.
“Partnership in produce”: the J Sainsbury approach to managing the fresh produce supply chain
Authors: Hughes David , Merton Ian
Published: April 2007

Points out that consumers are turning increasingly away from specialist retailers towards supermarkets for their fresh produce requirements, and looks at how supermarket chains are responding. Notes that major retailers are starting to focus on building longer‐term relationships with key suppliers. Discusses J Sainsbury’s “Partnership in produce” agreement with ENFRU, one of the UK’s principal fruit suppliers, examining the marketing strategy behind it, the key points incorporated into the scheme and the benefits for the consumer, retailer and supplier.
What motivates Australian business managers to undertake expatriate appointments in East Asia?
Authors: Fish Alan
Published: April 2007

Evaluates the findings from a study designed to identify factors that motivate Australian managers to accept expatriate appointments in the East‐Asian business region. These findings derive from 20 Australian business enterprises which have a physical presence in the East Asian business region. Results point to the need for a reassessment of existing Australian business practices in offering overseas business appointments to management staff. While extrinsic issues such as monetary satisfaction are important to the decision to seek and accept an overseas appointment, of more critical importance is how the overseas appointment, advances a person’s international career; and the opportunities the overseas appointment presents for professional development generally. A further consideration is the type and extent of information received by prospective international staff from those who have “gone before”. Overall, confirms the need for less attention to money and perquisites as inducements to accept overseas appointments. Suggests that more attention needs to be directed at the satisfaction of more intrinsic development and career advancement opportunities.
Five guiding principles of culture management: A synthesis of best practice
Authors: McAleese Donna , Hargie Owen
Published: April 2007

This paper offers a synthesis of best practice on how to build, maintain or modify an organisation’s culture. The image of a company in which all employees strive towards common goals is now a well‐established theme of management rhetoric. Teamwork has always been considered an adorned virtue of an organisation, where staff endeavour to work collectively as one body and stick together – whatever the outcome. This idealistic view is, however, a far cry from the real world. This paper provides a set of general guiding principles for culture management in organisations. Leaders and managers are advised to formulate an overall strategy, develop cultural leaders, share the culture by communicating effectively with staff, measure performance and communicate culture in all dealings with customers. These five distinct, yet related, elements are essential if culture management is to be successful, and so this paper argues that for organisational success, all five must ultimately merge to form one unified whole.
Decomposing organisational reputation: The effects of organisation–public relationship outcomes on cognitive representations of organisations and evaluations of organisational performance
Authors: Yang Sung‐Un , Grunig James E.
Published: April 2007

The purpose of this study is to decompose common reputation measurement systems into behavioural organisation–public relationship outcomes, cognitive representations of an organisation in the minds of publics and evaluations of organisational performance. In the proposed model, propensity for active communication behaviour and familiarity are suggested as correlated precursors of organisation–public relationship outcomes (eg trust, satisfaction, commitment and control mutuality) and organisation–public relationship outcomes are hypothesised to have a direct effect on evaluations of organisational performance as well as an indirect effect via the mediation of cognitive representations of the organisation. The authors investigated different types of five Korean‐based organisations )two domestic corporations in different industries, a multinational corporation, a sports association and a non‐profit organisation) to validate the model across different types of organisations. The findings of this study suggest that relationship outcomes lead to favourable representations of an organisation and positive evaluations of performance of the organisation.
A discharge scoring system for patients with total hip replacement
Authors: Wong Shirley , Wong Julia
Published: April 2007

Total hip replacement is a common and expensive procedure. Any attempt to shorten the length of hospital stay safely is desirable. Proposes a scoring system specifically designed for this patient population, to determine the optimal timing of safe discharge and post‐acute care placement. Discusses its implications for the quality of patient care.
Self‐transcending knowledge: sensing and organizing around emerging opportunities
Authors: Otto Scharmer Claus
Published: April 2007

The paper introduces the concept of not‐yet‐embodied or self‐transcending knowledge. The concept of self‐transcending knowledge proposes a distinction between two types of tacit knowledge: tacit‐embodied knowledge on the one hand and not‐yet‐embodied knowledge on the other hand. The distinction is relevant because each of the three forms of knowledge – explicit, tacit‐embodied, and self‐transcending – is based on different epistemological assumptions and requires a different type of knowledge environment and learning infrastructure. Moreover, the differentiation among markets with decreasing, steady, and increasing returns suggests that, in order to successfully compete for increasing return markets, leaders need a new type of knowledge that allows them to sense, tune into and actualize emerging business opportunities – that is, to tap into the sources of not‐yet‐embodied knowledge.
Sense making and artifacts: an exploration into the role of tools in knowledge management
Authors: Shariq Syed Z.
Published: April 2007

The advancement of human knowledge is the result of evolution of human capabilities for absorbing, developing and processing human intelligence, and perhaps just as equally, on the human capability to develop symbols and artifacts for assisting in the creation, diffusion and sharing of knowledge. These artifacts not only have evolved in their sophistication and ability to help human knowledge enterprise, but also they have become embedded in the knowledge networks and the global knowledge enterprises. The universal knowledge architecture today can be best represented as a set of interconnected networks linking the neural networks of our brain with our organizational, institutional, professional and societal networks, and the networks of knowledge artifacts. Within this context the knowledge enterprise is viewed as a sustaining quest for sense making through the human to human process for scaffolding of knowledge where the knowledge artifacts play quintessential and inseparable roles. The effectiveness of our efforts in developing and implementing the knowledge artifacts or management tools depends to a large extent on our ability to refocus the design context of these tools as artifacts, from an information centric paradigm to one of knowledge within the context of a sense‐making paradigm.
Hawala and money laundering: a Malaysian perspective
Authors: Shanmugam Bala
Published: April 2007

Defines “Hawala” as an Arabic word meaning “change” or “transform”.
Describes it as a system which goes back to 11th century India and allows money to be transferred around the globe without actual money movement or wire transfers, depending on a system of family, clan or ethnic connections. Outlines the benefits of hawala remittance as its cost effectiveness, reliability, efficiency, speed, and convenience for foreign workers who may be semi‐illiterate and certainly not familiar with formal banking systems. Relates this to actual hawala money changers in Malaysia’s Klang Valley, who provided the information for this article, and to the potential of the hawala system to facilitate money laundering and, ultimately, terrorism. Reports that Malaysia is a country named by the Pentagon as a country in which terrorists launder funds, and that it has implemented focused and wideranging measures to combat this menace.
D2D
Authors: Hutton Rob , Zairi Mohamed
Published: April 2007

Design to Distribution Ltd (D2D) is a wholly owned subsidiary of the ICL
group. It gained this status in 1993, having previously been ICL
Manufacturing Division. Since 1991 it has strategically penetrated the
contract manufacturing market and now aims to provide a total
electronics manufacturing service to external customers. It has
developed a total solution capacity whereby it is able to offer its
customers expertise, advanced manufacturing technology, and purchasing
power to enable them to release their capital and resources to
concentrate on their core competences. D2D have an established total
quality culture and have benefited significantly from the resultant
enhanced customer satisfaction and reduced cost of non‐conformance. It
constantly searches for process improvement tools and benchmarking is
one tool D2D employs. However, D2D has concentrated benchmarking efforts
on results‐driven studies carried out by consultants. Although this
provides a useful introduction to benchmarking, the next step for D2D to
achieve its goal of worldwide competitiveness is a more process‐driven
approach. Reviews the construction of benchmarking projects previously
carried out by D2D and suggests a tool to help overcome one of the main
pitfalls of process‐driven benchmarking, that of appropriate process
selection.
Integrating Total Quality Management in the Adoption of New Technologies
Authors: Madu Christian N. , Kuei Chu‐Hua , Aheto John , Winokur Dena
Published: April 2007

Discusses how appropriate technologies can be selected in order to face
the quality challenge. Identifies the multitude of factors that
influence such selection and uses the analytic hierarchy process (AHP)
and quality function deployment (QFD) to analyse the
technology‐selection problem. Presents and considers a new philosophy of
quality – strategic total quality management – in this selection
process.
A review of key publications on benchmarking part I
Authors: Zairi Mohamed , Youssef Mohamed
Published: April 2007

Reviews the first three of 11 key books on benchmarking with the
aim of assisting in the educational and training processes in companies
embarking on or launching a benchmarking project.
An analysis of the South Korean automotive, shipbuilding and steel industries
Authors: Sohal Amrik S. , Ferme Bill
Published: April 2007

Presents an analysis of the economy and manufacturing industry in South Korea. Illustrates how South Korea is emerging as an industrial giant and describes the success of five of its leading companies from the automotive, shipbuilding and steel industries. Identifies the best practices adopted as well as some of the current issues faced by the companies.
An examination of the role of Geneva and Zurich housing in Swiss institutional portfolios
Authors: Hoesli Martin , Hamelink Foort
Published: April 2007

Swiss institutional investors hold approximately 19 per cent of their wealth in property, and the bulk of the allocation to property is housing. The financial reasons which are often given to motivate this investment strategy are twofold. First, property returns are hypothesized to be lowly correlated with the returns on stocks and bonds, and the inclusion of property in portfolios of financial assets should lead to diversification benefits. Second, property is viewed as acting as an effective hedge against inflation. Empirically investigates these two assumptions on the basis of hedonic price indices for Geneva and Zurich apartment buildings. Examines whether an investor who already holds Geneva (Zurich) housing should invest in the other canton. Investigates whether real estate mutual funds should be included in the portfolio in addition to direct real estate holdings. Results suggest that housing is an effective portfolio diversifier but does not provide any better short‐term inflation‐hedging effectiveness than financial assets.
Ageing: alternative futures and policy choices
Authors: Inayatullah Sohail
Published: April 2007

Ageing is a fundamental issue for the future of the planet. An ageing society challenges basic assumptions of modern culture and political economy. This paper explores alternative futures of ageing in Queensland, understanding that certain assumptions about Queensland’s future are given. It is also focused on probable futures, and not on every possible future. Based on this map of the future‐developed through causal layered analysis and scenario planning – policy recommendations are developed for the Queensland Government.
The role of money and finance: changing a central part of the problem into a central part of the solution
Authors: Robertson James
Published: April 2007

Schumacher's ideas and Illich's insights have yet to influence the mainstream. So why have institutions of society failed to adapt to their vision of a more people‐centred and ecological world? And, more importantly, what should we do about this now? This paper, taking government and the money system as a case study, outlines a possible answer to these questions.
The option value of the UK 3G Telecom licences: Was too much paid?
Authors: Basili Marcello , Fontini Fulvio
Published: April 2007

In this article the aggregate option value of the UK 3G telecom licences is evaluated. Revenues, capital and opertaing costs of UMTS business are calculated for the period of licences’ duration and are employed to show that the aggregate revenue extracted by the UK’s Government is (slightly) lower than the aggregate price of licences paid by winning telecom companies.
Change management strategies for successful ERP implementation
Authors: Aladwani Adel M.
Published: April 2007

When implementing an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, top management commonly faces an unwanted attitude from potential users – for one reason or another, they resist the implementation process. Top management should, therefore, proactively deal with this problem instead of reactively confronting it. In this paper, I describe an integrated, process‐oriented approach for facing the complex social problem of workers’ resistance to ERP.
Feedback in primary care can improve the prescribing of hormone replacement therapy in women with a history of hysterectomy
Authors: McCartney Peter , Macdowall Wendy , Thorogood Margaret
Published: April 2007

Aims to show that audit and feedback could improve the prescribing of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to women with a history of hysterectomy. Describes a randomised controlled trial involving 28 practices and covering a total of 3,169 women with a baseline coded history of hysterectomy. In addition to data extraction and feedback, intervention practices were given educational material and audit support. A rise in prescribing was evident in both younger and older women. There was also evidence of significant improvement in the appropriate prescribing of HRT. Concludes that prescribing feedback linked with educational material and audit can improve the prescribing of HRT in primary care in women with a history of hysterectomy and that this technique has wider application in the new era of clinical governance.
A digital library resource Web site: Project DL
Authors: Kochtanek Thomas R. , Rafee Che Kassim Ahmad , Hein Karen K.
Published: April 2007

The goal of Project DL (www.coe.missouri.edu/∼is334/projects/Project_DL) is to provide an integrated resource where diverse information sources on the topic of digital libraries may be brought together in a single navigable Web site. The intent is to use the site as a learning tool to support exploration of selected research and development activities associated with digital libraries, and to facilitate end user interaction with the content of these various resources. The focus of this site is on accessing digital library collections as well as information resources related to the study of digital libraries. As such, the Web site is segmented into three distinct but integrated sections: digital library collections, digital library resources and digital library Web sites. This paper presents an overview of those three sections, their development, and the organisational considerations associated with each of the sections. The paper concludes with a special emphasis on the design considerations for creating a searchable Web version of digital library Web sites.
At the brink of regulatory convergence
Authors: Vangel Don
Published: April 2007

Nearly eight years ago, a study “Global Institutions, National Supervision and Systemic Risk” was released by the Group of Thirty (G‐30), a private, nonprofit international body that seeks to deepen understanding of international economic and financial issues. The report observed that in a world of global financial conglomerates, supervisory structures that are divided by industry and nationality may create “gaps” that could place the financial system at greater risk of instability. The 1997 report recommended that global institutions‐working with the jurisdictions in which they operate‐develop principles of risk management to which they will adhere, as well as a mechanism for making that adherence transparent to the markets. It further proposed that financial regulators focus more attention on the systemic risk presented by markets and clearing mechanisms that link financial institutions and systems around the world.
The role of compliance
Authors: Industry Association Securities
Published: April 2007

Purpose

To discuss the scope and limits of the compliance department's responsibilities in securities firms.

Design/methodology/approach

Describes the background to establishing stand‐alone compliance departments; the organizational structure of compliance departments; typical compliance functions; how the compliance department coordinates with business units, senior management, internal audit, and risk management; the distinction between a firm's responsibility to comply with applicable laws and regulations and the role of the compliance department; the distinctions between responsibilities of the compliance department and those of supervisors and senior management; and emerging regulatory trends impacting the compliance department.

Findings

New business activities and new regulations have placed increased demands on, and scrutiny of, compliance activities over the past few years. Regulators are looking to compliance departments to play an increasingly important role in identifying proactively and responding to potential wrongdoing.

Originality/value

Explains the critical importance of a well staffed, experienced, and adequately funded compliance department.
Adolescents’ influence on family decision‐making
Authors: Chavda Hiral , Haley Martin , Dunn Chris
Published: April 2007

Reports research on the degree to which UK adolescents feel they have an impact on decision making within their families, and the extent to which adolescents and parents agree or disagree with the adolescent’s perceived influence when purchasing products;most previous research has concentrated on children rather than adolescents. Discusses the concept of consumer socialisation, i.e. the process by which young people acquire skills, knowledge and attitude relevant to their functioning as consumers; although parents are the foremost influences in this, there is also reverse socialisation, where children use their product knowledge to influence parents’ decisions. Distinguishes between socio‐oriented and concept‐oriented parental communication: the latter is likely to increase the child’s influence on decision‐making. Outlines demographic changes, such as the greater number of one‐parent households and two‐income families, which have produced “time‐poor” parents: the result is that children and adolescents now exercise a greater influence on purchasing decisions. Tests two hypotheses: that parents and adolescents disagree in their perceived ratings of adolescents’ product category decision influence; and that male and female adolescents’ perceived influences differ across a range of product categories. Concludes that parents and adolescents generally agree, but that there is some degree of difference between male and female perceived influence ratings, in the categories of large purchases and food.
Schoolchildren’s understanding of food labels
Authors: Gialitakis George , Chryssochoidis George
Published: April 2007

Purpose

The present paper focuses on the level of attention and comprehension that Greek schoolchildren have of food labels. Three different age groups (8th, 10th and 12th years of age) are examined. A large dataset from various districts in the wider Athens region has been used.

Design/methodology/approach

The British Food Standards Agency questionnaire used for the same purpose in the UK was adopted and adapted to the local circumstances.

Findings

The sampled schoolchildren pay attention at certain food labels elements only, and they may do so only when they purchase a product for the first time. There is an associated lack of understanding, and medium to high levels of erroneous interpretation for some food label related information. No major differences are found to exist between age groups.

Research limitations/implications

Methods suitable for fostering awareness and clarity in student mindsets regarding food label elements need development.

Practical implications

There is a substantial need to alter the method for the exchange and provision of information to schoolchildren regarding food label information is concerned, as the current status of affairs seems to be unsatisfactory.

Originality/value

The paper provides empirical results regarding the extent of attention towards, and understanding of, a wide range of different elements/information available in food labels. The dataset is large and it originates from various districts in the wider Athens region.
Community partnerships: preventing childhood obesity
Authors: Ayadi Kafia , Young Brian
Published: April 2007

Purpose

A lot of factors lead to the development of overweight and obesity in children. This article highlights that in this context, preventing childhood obesity must be at the core of the various agencies’ priorities such as food industry, stores, parents, schools, authorities as well as advertising agencies.

Design/methodology/approach

A critical examination of the existing literature led to a considered evaluation of the EPODE programme.

Findings

Preventing childhood obesity needs collaboration between all the concerned parts through a common project.

Research limitations/implications

The evaluation of the programme would benefit from a systematic analysis of investment and measurable outcomes. There are important implications for planning public policy in local communities as identification of relevant stakeholders should be considered from the outset.

Originality/value

The EPODE case is a uniquely French programme that included almost all the town community (government, school, children, parents, food and drink manufactures, etc) through a common objective: preventing childhood obesity.
Food advertising on children’s television
Authors: Kurp Maher Jill , Lord John B. , Shaw Hughner Renée , Childs Nancy M.
Published: April 2007

Purpose

This research investigates the changes in the types of advertised food products and the use of nutritional versus consumer appeals in children’s advertising from 2000 to 2005.

Design/methodology/approach

Content Analysis.

Findings

Results indicate that food processors and restaurants have not changed their advertising messages to children in response to the multitude of pressures the industry is facing. Specifically, this pre‐post longitudinal comparison shows no significant change regarding types of food products advertised and type of appeals used in the ads directed to children.

Research limitations/implications

Limitations include the sample studied. While the ads recorded all came from television programming aimed specifically at children, there was no specification or ability to classify the consumers according to the age of the viewer. Additionally, duplicate exposures of the ads were not included in the study.

Practical implications

Obesity is a serious and expanding concern for our children’s health. As past advertising research and socialization theory suggest, children’s exposure to advertising has impact. It is important to monitor changes in food advertising to children in the future to ascertain whether and to what extent food companies are able to change both what they advertise and the appeals they use to gain consumers’, in this case, children’s attention.

Originality/value

This study provides a useful baseline (prior to 2001) and benchmark (post 2001) to longitudinally examine the food product and appeal usage in food advertising directed to children. This will be useful information for advertisers, for parents, for regulators and for special interest groups, all of whom have a common goal – healthy kids.
Success in management accounting: lessons from the activity‐based costing/management experience
Authors: Cinquini Lino , Mitchell Falconer
Published: April 2007

This paper addresses an important but neglected issue – the nature of and evidence for success in management accounting. The case of activity‐based costing/management (ABC/M) is used to explore how researchers have gathered evidence of this technique’s success. A variety of approaches have been adopted and all have shortcomings. The problems of obtaining reliable evidence of success suggest that a profile of evidence is likely to be the most appropriate basis on which to make success judgements about management accounting. Further research on this evidential profile is called for.
Contribution of Structure to Temperature Dependence of Resonant Frequency in the (1 −x)La(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3·xATiO3 (A = Ca, Sr) System
Authors: Cho Seo‐Yong , Youn Hyuk‐Joon , Lee Hyo‐Jong , Hong Kug Sun
Published: April 2007

The crystal structure and microwave dielectric properties of the (1 −x) La(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3·xSrTiO3 and (1 −x)La(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3·xCaTiO3 system were investigated. X‐ray powder diffraction showed that cation ordering disappeared atx> 0.3 for both systems. However, infrared spectra demonstrated that short‐range cation ordering could exist atx= 0.4. Permittivity and the temperature coefficient of the resonant frequency (τf) of both systems exhibited nonmonotonic variations with composition. Both systems exhibited a τf of zero at the same composition of x= 0.5 although the τf of SrTiO3 was about two times larger than that of CaTiO3. The behavior of the permittivity and τf were described by the tilting of oxygen octahedra and cation ordering. The relation between τf and cation ordering of La(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3 was discussed in conjunction with the experimental results on metal halides. It is suggested that cation ordering induced a negative τf and suppressed the increase of permittivity for compositions between x= 0 to x= 0.5 for (1 −x)La(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3·xSrTiO3 and (1 −x)La(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3·xCaTiO3 systems.
Dielectric Properties of Ba(Zr,Ti)O3‐Based Ferroelectrics for Capacitor Applications
Authors: Weber Ulrich , Greuel Georg , Boettger Ulrich , Weber Sophie , Hennings Detlev , Waser Rainer
Published: April 2007

The purpose of the present investigation is to describe the influence of the processing parameters on the dielectric behavior of manganese‐doped Ba(Ti1−xZrx)O3ceramics, particularly variations in the small‐signal aging rate, temperature characteristic, and hysteresis. In this paper, the aging behavior of base‐metal electrode materials above the temperature of the permittivity maximum (TM), including the influence of the zirconium content and annealing conditions, is described for the first time. The aging rate at temperatures greater than TM decreases as the oxygen partial pressure increases during annealing and the zirconium content increases, whereas the aging rate exhibits a maximum at temperatures much less than TM. The behavior is explained in terms of a diffuse phase transition. Hysteresis‐loop deformation is observed during aging.
Control of the Thermal Expansion of Strontium‐Doped Lanthanum Chromite Perovskites by B‐site Doping for High‐Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Separators
Authors: Mori Masashi , Hiei Yoshiko , Yamamoto Tohru
Published: April 2007

The thermal expansion of La0.9Sr0.1Cr1‐xMxO3(M = Mg, Al, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni; 0 ≤x≤ 0.1) perovskites has been studied in oxidizing and reducing atmospheres in the temperature range from 50° to 1000°C. Cobalt doping of La0.9Sr0.1CrO3was an effective way of increasing the average linear thermal expansion coefficient (TEC), whereas titanium doping showed a negative effect. No effect on the TECs was observed for the B‐site dopants in perovskites with the remaining dopants. Linear thermal expansion behavior was observed in the La0.9Sr0.1Cr1‐xMxO3 perovskites with doping of ≥1 mol% aluminum or 10 mol% cobalt. TECs of La0.9Sr0.1Cr0.96Co0.02Al0.02O3 were 10.5 × 10−6/°C in air, 10.7 × 10−6/°C under He–H2 atmosphere (oxygen partial pressure of 4 × 10−15 atm at 1000°C), and 11.8 × 10−6/°C in H2 atmosphere.
Microstructure and Heat Transfer Phenomena in Ceramic Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Scardi Paolo , Leoni Matteo , Cernuschi Federico , Figari Angelamaria
Published: April 2007

Comparably thick Y2O3‐partially‐stabilized ZrO2 thermal barrier coatings were deposited by two different techniques, air plasma spray (APS) and electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB‐PVD), on the same type of substrate. Microstructure and grain texture, as studied by SEM and XRD, were markedly different. The complex microstructure of the APS coatings, made of curled lamellar grains, was replaced in EB‐PVD coatings by long columnar grains, aligned along the growth axis, with strong grain texture. Average porosity and other average or intrinsic properties, such as density and specific heat, were nearly the same for all studied coatings; phase composition ranged between 0 and 6 wt% of the m phase in a prevalent t′‐phase matrix. The main difference was in the shape and orientation of porosity with respect to the thermal flux direction, which was responsible for the different thermal diffusivity that was three times higher in EB‐PVD than in APS coatings. An appropriate modeling of the heat diffusion process, including open and closed porosity with orientation and shape factors, could explain the observed diffusivity values.
Reaction and Formation of Crystalline Silicon Oxynitride in Si–O–N Systems under Solid High Pressure
Authors: Li Ya‐Li , Zheng Fen , Liang Yong , Ma Xian‐Feng , Cui Suo‐Jing , Ishigaki Takamasa
Published: April 2007

Oxidized amorphous Si3N4 and SiO2 powders were pressed alone or as a mixture under high pressure (1.0–5.0 GPa) at high temperatures (800–1700°C). Formation of crystalline silicon oxynitride (Si2ON2) was observed from amorphous silicon nitride (Si3N4) powders containing 5.8 wt% oxygen at 1.0 GPa and 1400°C. The Si2ON2 coexisted with β‐Si3N4 with a weight fraction of 40 wt%, suggesting that all oxygen in the powders participated in the reaction to form Si2ON2. Pressing a mixture of amorphous Si3N4 of lower oxygen (1.5 wt%) and SiO2 under 1.0–5.0 GPa between 1000° and 1350°C did not give Si2ON2 phase, but yielded a mixture of α,β‐Si3N4, quartz, and coesite (a high‐pressure form of SiO2). The formation of Si2ON2 from oxidized amorphous Si3N4 seemed to be assisted by formation of a Si–O–N melt in the system that was enhanced under the high pressure.