bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
[(Z)-5-Phenyl-2-penten-2-yl]mercury Acetate
Authors: Stoermer Martin , Pinhey John
Published: December 2011

The general part of the experimental section [1] has been presented elsewhere.[...]
(E)-3-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-2-butenoic Acid
Authors: Stoermer Martin , Pinhey John
Published: December 2011

The general part of the experimental section [1] has been presented elsewhere.[...]
1-D-Ribofuranosyl-2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridone
Authors: Chen Wei-Min , Zeng Long-Mei
Published: December 2011

The intermediate 3 and the product 4 were prepared according to a reported procedure [1].[...]
(1R,2S)-N-Benzyl-N-[(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-(2-benzofuryl)methyl] Hydroxylamine
Authors: Merino Pedro , Franco Santiago , Merchan Francisco , Tejero Tomas
Published: December 2011

A cooled solution (-90°C) of benzofuran (0.354 g, 3 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was treated with butyllithium (2 mL of a 1.6 M solution in hexane, 3.2 mmol) under an inert atmopshere.[...]
(1S,2S)-N-Benzyl-N-[(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-(2-benzothiazolyl)methyl] Hydroxylamine
Authors: Merino Pedro , Franco Santiago , Merchan Francisco , Tejero Tomas
Published: December 2011

A cooled solution (-90°C) of benzothiophene (0.402 g, 3 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was treated with butyllithium (2 mL of a 1.6 M solution in hexane, 3.2 mmol) under an inert atmopshere.[...]
(1S,2S)-N-Benzyl-N-[(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-(1-methylimidazol-2-yl)methyl] Hydroxylamine
Authors: Merino Pedro , Franco Santiago , Merchan Francisco , Tejero Tomas
Published: December 2011

A cooled solution (-90°C) of 1-methylimidazole (0.25 g, 3 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was treated with butyllithium (2 mL of a 1.6 M solution in hexane, 3.2 mmol) under an inert atmopshere.[...]
1-Ethyl 4-(2-oxopropyl) 2-(1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1,3-dimethyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-5-yl)butanedioate
Authors: Zhuo Jin-Cong , Wyler Hugo
Published: December 2011

n/a
N-Benzotriazol-1-yl-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline
Authors: Locher Cornelia , Baldey Sara , Peerzada Naseem
Published: December 2011

Benzotriazole-mediated heteroalkylations have been explored for many synthetic pathways.[...]
Diisobutyl 2,2'-Bipyridine-3,3'-dicarboxylate
Authors: Ben Hadda T. , Sam N. , Zahidi A.
Published: December 2011

The 2,2'-bipyridine-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid (2) was prepared from 1,10-phenanthroline (1) by a literature procedure [1, 2].[...]
Size-Dependent Electrocatalytic Activity of Gold Nanoparticles on HOPG and Highly Boron-Doped Diamond Surfaces
Authors: Brülle Tine , Ju Wenbo , Niedermayr Philipp , Denisenko Andrej , Paschos Odysseas , Schneider Oliver , Stimming Ulrich
Published: December 2011

Gold nanoparticles were prepared by electrochemical deposition on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and boron-doped, epitaxial 100-oriented diamond layers. Using a potentiostatic double pulse technique, the average particle size was varied in the range from 5 nm to 30 nm in the case of HOPG as a support and between < 1 nm and 15 nm on diamond surfaces, while keeping the particle density constant. The distribution of particle sizes was very narrow, with standard deviations of around 20% on HOPG and around 30% on diamond. The electrocatalytic activity towards hydrogen evolution and oxygen reduction of these carbon supported gold nanoparticles in dependence of the particle sizes was investigated using cyclic voltammetry. For oxygen reduction the current density normalized to the gold surface (specific current density) increased for decreasing particle size. In contrast, the specific current density of hydrogen evolution showed no dependence on particle size. For both reactions, no effect of the different carbon supports on electrocatalytic activity was observed.
Hepatoprotective Potential of Clitoria ternatea Leaf Extract Against Paracetamol Induced Damage in Mice
Authors: Nithianantham Kuppan , Shyamala Murugesan , Chen Yeng , Latha Lachimanan Yoga , Jothy Subramanion L. , Sasidharan Sreenivasan
Published: December 2011

Background and Aim: Clitoria ternatea, a medicinal herb native to tropical equatorial Asia, is commonly used in folk medicine to treat various diseases. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of C. ternatea against experimentally induced liver injury. Methods: The antioxidant property of methanolic extract (ME) of C. ternatea leaf was investigated by employing an established in vitro antioxidant assay. The hepatoprotective effect against paracetamol-induced liver toxicity in mice of ME of C. ternatea leaf was also studied. Activity was measured by monitoring the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and billirubin along with histopathological analysis. Results: The amount of total phenolics and flavonoids were estimated to be 358.99 ± 6.21 mg/g gallic acid equivalent and 123.75 ± 2.84 mg/g catechin equivalent, respectively. The antioxidant activity of C. ternatea leaf extract was 67.85% at a concentration of 1 mg/mL and was also concentration dependant, with an IC50 value of 420.00 µg/mL. The results of the paracetamol-induced liver toxicity experiments showed that mice treated with the ME of C. ternatea leaf (200 mg/kg) showed a significant decrease in ALT, AST, and bilirubin levels, which were all elevated in the paracetamol group (p < 0.01). C. ternatea leaf extract therapy also protective effects against histopathological alterations. Histological studies supported the biochemical findings and a maximum improvement in the histoarchitecture was seen. Conclusions: The current study confirmed the hepatoprotective effect of C. ternatea leaf extract against the model hepatotoxicant paracetamol. The hepatoprotective action is likely related to its potent antioxidative activity.
BDNF Promotes EGF-Induced Proliferation and Migration of Human Fetal Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells via the PI3K/Akt Pathway
Authors: Zhang Qi , Liu Gang , Wu Yi , Sha Hongying , Zhang Pengyue , Jia Jie
Published: December 2011

Neurogenesis is a complex process, which contributes to the ability of the adult brain to function normally and adapt to diseases. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is known to play an important role in neurogenesis; however, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Here, we hypothesized that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) can enhance the effect of EGF on neurogenesis. Using in vitro cell culture of aborted human fetal brain tissues, we investigated proliferation and migration of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) after treatment with EGF and different concentrations of BDNF. EGF stimulated proliferation and migration of NSPCs, and this effect was significantly enhanced by co-incubation with BDNF. In the NSPCs treated with 50 ng/mL BDNF, BrdU incorporation was significantly increased (from 7.91% to 17.07%), as compared with that in the control. Moreover, the number of migrating cells was at least 2-fold higher than that in the control. Furthermore, phosphorylation of Akt-1 was increased by BDNF treatment, as well. By contrast, the enhancing effect of BDNF on EGF-induced proliferation and migration of NSPCs were abolished by an inhibitor of PI3K, LY294002. These findings suggest that BDNF promotes EGF-induced proliferation and migration of NSPC through the PI3K/Akt pathway, providing significant insights into not only the mechanism underlying EGF-induced neurogenesis but also potential neuronal replacement strategies to treat brain damage.
Effects of D-Lysine Substitutions on the Activity and Selectivity of Antimicrobial Peptide CM15
Authors: Kaminski Heather M. , Feix Jimmy B.
Published: December 2011

Despite their potent antimicrobial activity, the usefulness of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as antibiotics has been limited by their toxicity to eukaryotic cells and a lack of stability in vivo. In the present study we examined the effects of introducing D-lysine residues into a 15-residue hybrid AMP containing residues 1–7 of cecropin A and residues 2–9 of melittin (designated CM15). Diastereomeric analogs of CM15 containing between two and five D-lysine substitutions were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity, lysis of human erythrocytes, toxicity to murine macrophages, ability to disrupt cell membranes, and protease stability. All of the analogs caused rapid permeabilization of the Staphylococcus aureus cell envelope, as indicated by uptake of SYTOX green. Permeabilization of the plasma membrane of RAW264.7 macrophages was also observed for CM15, but this was substantially diminished for the D-lysine containing analogs. The introduction of D-lysine caused moderate decreases in antimicrobial activity for all analogs studied, with a much more pronounced reduction in toxicity to eukaryotic cells, leading to marked improvements in antimicrobial efficacy. Circular dichroism studies indicated a progressive loss of helical secondary structure upon introduction of D-lysine residues, with a good correspondence between helical content and eukaryotic cell cytotoxicity. Overall, these studies indicate that disruption of amphipathic secondary structure reduces both antimicrobial activity and eukaryotic cell toxicity, but that the reduction in eukaryotic cell cytotoxicity is more pronounced, leading to an overall gain in antimicrobial selectivity.
Les occupations mésolithiques à l'intérieur du Finistère. Bilan archéographique et méthodologique (2001-2003) / Mesolithic occupations in the hinterland of Finistère. An archaeographic and methodologie assessment (2001-2003)
Authors: Marchand Grégor
Published: December 2011

Les prospections réalisées entre 1989 et 2003 sur le département du Finistère, d'abord sous la houlette de Pierre Gouletquer, puis de ses collaborateurs, ont permis de bâtir une base de données comportant 1318 entrées en avril 2004, qui sont autant de traces d'occupations préhistoriques. Entre 2001 et 2003, le programme « Le Mésolithique en Finistère : chronologie et stratigraphie » a permis de classer ce corpus suivant des critères typologiques, introduisant des attributions chronologiques dans un ensemble alors assez indéterminé. A l'issue de cette étude, 92 sites mésolithiques de plus de 30 pièces peuvent être inventoriés. L'étape suivante consistait à comprendre la nature stratigraphique de sites de surface, pour acquérir de nouvelles données concernant le fonctionnement des habitats, mais également pour apporter des éléments de réflexion quant à la conservation de ce « patrimoine diffus ». Après de nombreuses visites sur le terrain, une liste de sites permettant les fouilles a été établie, en tentant de faire varier les contextes topographiques.

Cinq sites ont finalement pu être sondés. Kerliézoc (Plouvien) reposait sur une pente faible orientée au nord ; Kerdunvel (Plourin-Ploudalmézeau) était en position de promontoire ; La Trinité-Goarem-Lann (Melgven) associait vallon sec, promontoire, pentes plus ou moins prononcées et vallée humide ; La Villeneuve (Locunolé) gisait sur une basse terrasse non-inondable au fond d'un canyon ; La Presqu'île (Brennilis) - pourtant le site le plus prometteur - s'avérait être entièrement déplacé par l'action d'un lac de barrage sur le flanc d'un ancien ruisseau. Aucun de ces sites n'a livré de niveau archéologique préservé, ni a fortiori de structures. Il appert que les limites actuelles des sites sont souvent des limites érosives. Les données recueillies lors des sondages ne sont cependant pas négligeables pour caractériser plus finement les techniques de taille et les principes des économies d'acquisition à l'extrême ouest de la France, que ce soit pour le Mésolithique moyen (Groupe de Bertheaume à La Trinité-Goarem-Lann et La Villeneuve) ou pour le Mésolithique final (Téviecien à Kerliézoc, Kerdunvel et La Presqu'île).

Une méthode de terrain est proposée, associant tamisage systématique de la totalité des strates et tranchées à la pelle mécanique. Elle permet de rendre compte de ces gisements si peu spectaculaires, mais qui témoignent à leur manière de cette période fondamentale pour l'histoire de l'humanité précédant immédiatement le basculement vers les économies de production. La prise en compte de ce « patrimoine diffus » impose de s'interroger sur ce que l'on préserve et sur ce que l'on fouille, dans une perspective non fixiste de notre mémoire collective.
Le paysage végétal dans le Bas-Maine (Mayenne, France), le long de la vallée de l'Erve, de la fin du Mésolithique à l'époque récente / Botanic landscape in Bas-Maine (Mayenne, France), along the Erve valley, from the end of Mesolithic to recent times
Authors: Visset Lionel , Barbier Delphine , Ouguerram Abdelouahed
Published: December 2011

The more or less peaty muds, which formed sediments from the Mesolithic period in the Erve valley (Mayenne) and which have preserved the pollen archives, record the evolution of vegetation up to recent times. The first traces of human impact were detected from the Middle Neolithic, but became more important in the Late Neolithic and intensified during the second half of the Bronze Age. The Middle Ages marked a radical change in agro-pastoral practices with the development of cereal growing and hemp cultivation, the appearance of walnut, chestnut, buckwheat, flax and perhaps the cultivation of vines. The present boxtree plantings seem to have their origins in the central Middle Ages.
Un atelier augustéen de taille de meules en poudingue au "Clos des Forges" à Avrilly (Eure) / An Augustean Puddingstone Quern workshop at "Le Clos des Forges", Avrilly (Eure)
Authors: Guillier Gérard , Biard Miguel , Cherel Anne Françoise
Published: December 2011

In advance of building development near the village of Avrilly, excavation revealed a farm site, defined by a modest trapezoidal enclosure with traces of two small buildings and some pits. Ceramics discovered can be attributed to the first half of the first century BC. Excavation of a quem workshop, in a corner of the enclosure, enabled technological and typological analysis of the products. This activity postdates the filling of the enclosure ditch, in the second half of the first century BC. Finally, there are two phases of High Empire occupation with a field system replaced by the eastem part of a large yard, perhaps the end of a pars rustica.
Data Analysis and Data Mining: Current Issues in Biomedical Informatics
Authors: Diomidous M. , Sarkar I. N. , Takabayashi K. , Ziegler A. , McCray A. T. , Bellazzi R.
Published: December 2011

Background: Medicine and biomedical sciences have become data-intensive fields, which, at the same time, enable the application of data-driven approaches and require sophisticated data analysis and data mining methods. Biomedical informatics provides a proper interdisciplinary context to integrate data and knowledge when processing available information, with the aim of giving effective decision-making support in clinics and translational research.

Objectives: To reflect on different perspectives related to the role of data analysis and data mining in biomedical informatics. Methods: On the occasion of the 50th year of Methods of Information in Medicine a symposium was organized, which reflected on opportunities, challenges and priorities of organizing, representing and analysing data, information and knowledge in biomedicine and health care. The contributions of experts with a variety of backgrounds in the area of biomedical data analysis have been collected as one outcome of this symposium, in order to provide a broad, though coherent, overview of some of the most interesting aspects of the field.

Results: The paper presents sections on data accumulation and data-driven approaches in medical informatics, data and knowledge integration, statistical issues for the evaluation of data mining models, translational bioinformatics and bioinformatics aspects of genetic epidemiology.

Conclusions: Biomedical informatics represents a natural framework to properly and effectively apply data analysis and data mining methods in a decision-making context. In the future, it will be necessary to preserve the inclusive nature of the field and to foster an increasing sharing of data and methods between researchers.
Les promesses faites à Gorbatchev : l'avenir des alliances au crépuscule de la guerre froide
Authors: Liebich André
Published: December 2011

Résumé La thèse d’un engagement occidental de ne pas élargir l’ otan à l’Est est un mythe fondateur de la Fédération russe actuelle. Elle est vigoureu- sement réfutée à l’Ouest, quoiqu’elle ait ses adhérents ici aussi. Le débat est monté d’un cran dernièrement avec une étude très fouillée publiée dans le Washington Quarterly qui prétend infirmer la thèse russe, sur la base de documents rendus récemment disponibles. En fait, les documents essentiels, notamment les procès-verbaux des rencontres et les mémoires des acteurs, sont connus depuis longtemps. Si les documents confirment l’ambiguïté des engagements pris à l’époque, un examen du contexte historique met en exergue l’esprit des assurances proférées aux Soviétiques à un moment où la faiblesse de l’ otan ne laissait aucunement présager l’élargissement qui l’attendait.
Perioperative Morbidity and Mortality of 2-team Simultaneous Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Dimitris Craig N. , Taylor Benjamin C. , Mowbray John G. , Steensen Robert N. , Gaines Steven T.
Published: December 2011

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has a well-established track record for relieving pain associated with arthritis of the knee joint. The total rate of bilateral TKA has doubled over the past 2 decades, and the rate in women has tripled over that same time period. In patients with bilateral knee arthritis, a decision must be made whether to operate at 2 different settings (staged), a single setting with 1 surgeon (sequential simultaneous), or a single setting with 2 surgeons (2-team simultaneous). The purpose of this study was to examine the perioperative morbidity and mortality of 2-team simultaneous bilateral TKA. Two hundred twenty-seven consecutive 2-team simultaneous bilateral TKA and 216 consecutive unilateral TKA patients were reviewed. Major (deep infection, death, cerebrovascular accident, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, revision within the 1-year follow-up) and minor (all other) complications were compared. No deaths occurred, and the major and minor complication rates were not statistically significantly different between the 2 groups, but a trend toward higher rates of both major and minor complications existed in the bilateral TKA group. Two-team simultaneous bilateral TKA offers the potential benefits of decreased overall recovery time, decreased overall cost, decreased number of anesthetic administrations, and simultaneous correction of significant deformity. It remains an appropriate option in select patients.
Total Condylar Unipolar Expandable Prosthesis for Proximal Tibia Malignant Bone Tumors in Early Childhood
Authors: Lozano-Calderón Santiago A. , Kenan Samuel
Published: December 2011

Wide resection and reconstruction of tumors of the proximal tibia in the pediatric population are challenging procedures. The use of hinged, expandable prostheses may cause early closure of the distal femoral growth plate, which may increase the risk of limb discrepancy already present in this population.

Between 1991 and 2001, 2 girls and 1 boy, aged 6, 6, and 4 years, respectively, were diagnosed with osteosarcoma of the proximal tibia and treated with wide resection and reconstruction with a condylar unipolar expandable tibial prosthesis. A press-fitted technique was used for component insertion. All patients received neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy. Radiographic and functional follow-up took place at least once a year for a minimum of 4 years. Adequate pain control, limb-length equality, and acceptable function were obtained in all patients. One patient presented with significant range of motion reduction (0°– 30°) in the affected knee. Limb lengthening was performed as needed to maintain balanced limb length. All patients had a good Musculoskeletal Tumor Society category score. No complications occurred in terms of component loosening or infection. One patient died shortly after 4-year follow-up because of doxorubicin-induced leukemia.

Currently used hinged, expandable prostheses can jeopardize the unaffected distal femoral growth plate. This article describes a technique of reconstruction that spares the distal femoral growth plate. Adequate limb length can be expected with acceptable functional outcome. However, it is imperative to keep in perspective the expectations of the physician, the physician’s team, the patient, and the patient’s family.
Biomechanical Evaluation of Tibial Eminence Fractures Using Suture Fixation
Authors: Aoki Stephen K. , Curtis Stuart H.
Published: December 2011

This study evaluates the initial fixation strength of tibial eminence fracture repair using 1, 2, 3, and 4 sutures to determine the optimal number of sutures required to adequately secure the avulsed fragment to the tibia. Sixteen skeletally immature porcine knees were stripped of all soft tissues, isolating the femur–anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)–tibia complex. Type III tibial eminence fractures were simulated in the specimens, and each specimen was randomly assigned to a repair group using 1, 2, 3, or 4 #2 FiberWire sutures (Arthrex, Inc, Naples, Florida). Initial fixation strength of the repair was measured by single cycle pull to failure testing using a materials testing machine (Instron, Norwood, Massachusetts). The mean ultimate failure force during anterior tibial translation was 389±128, 627±66, 703±77, and 802±29 N for 1, 2, 3, and 4 sutures, respectively. The lower limit of the 95% confidence interval was >500 N (estimated force of native ACL during activities of daily living) for each group with ≥2 sutures. In this study, at least 2 high-strength sutures were needed for tibial eminence fracture repairs to withstand potential forces seen across the ACL in the postoperative period. Suture fixation of tibial eminence fractures is a reproducible method requiring a minimum of 2 high-strength polyester sutures to resist forces seen during early rehabilitation.
Modular Megaprosthesis in Metastatic Bone Disease of the Femur
Authors: Hattori Hiroyuki , Mibe Junya , Yamamoto Kengo
Published: December 2011

The treatment of bone metastases is frequently palliative, aiming to achieve satisfactory pain control and to prevent or treat pathological fractures. For lesions involving the femur, internal fixation frequently fails; therefore, prosthetic reconstruction may be the optimal choice for treatment. This article retrospectively reviews our experience with femoral bone metastases between 1999 and 2008.

A series of 22 patients (14 men and 8 women; mean age, 61.8 years) with femoral bone metastases were treated with resection and modular megaprosthetic reconstruction. Bipolar hip prostheses were used in 19 patients, intercalary prostheses were used in 2 patients, and total knee replacement was used in 1 patient. Oncologic outcome was evaluated, and functional outcomes were obtained by the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score, which assigns numerical values (0–5) for each of 5 parameters, excluding emotional status. A numerical score (maximum 25 points) and percent rating was calculated. Six-month survival was 86.4%, 1-year survival was 54.2%, and 2-year survival was 37.1%. Three patients were unable to ambulate due to acute paraplegia with spinal metastases at the perioperative period. Excluding these 3 patients, average MSTS score was 62.3%. The MSTS score in patients surviving >12 months was 70.8% compared with a score of 46.4% in those living <12 months (
P
<.05). Complications included 2 dislocations.

Megaprosthetic reconstruction provides for optimal treatment of femoral metastatic disease in patients with a prognosis of >12 months with satisfactory functional outcomes based on lower complications.
Update on the Pharmacological Prevention of Skeletal-related Events in Cancer Patients
Authors: Kennedy Kenneth , Patel Hetalkumari
Published: December 2011

Metastases to the bone are a frequent complication of advanced cancer. Bone metastases have been linked to skeletal-related events, which is the composite endpoint used in clinical trials evaluating therapy to minimize these complications. This article discusses bisphosphonates, which are the historical standard for the prevention of skeletal-related events in patients with metastases from solid tumors and multiple myeloma, and denosumab, which is the first Food and Drug Administration-approved receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-β ligand (RANKL) inhibitor.
Nontraumatic, Spontaneous Dislocation of Polyethylene Tibial Insert 1 Year After TKA
Authors: Wright Russell C. , Crouch Andrew , Yacoubian Stephan V. , Ravan Raymond B. , Falkinstein Yuri , Yacoubian Shahan V.
Published: December 2011

The authors report a case of nontraumatic, spontaneous dislocation of a polyethylene insert detected 1 year after total knee arthroplasty. The patient demonstrated initial improvement and returned to work 4 months postoperatively. At 6 months postoperatively, the patient developed pain and a clunking sensation with motion; however, he denied any traumatic precipitating events. An arthroscopic procedure revealed arthrofibrotic formations but no signs of locking mechanism failure. At 12 months postoperatively, the patient developed sudden instability, and radiographs demonstrated an anteriorly dislodged insert. Revision surgery was performed, and the insert was removed. The insert showed some signs of fatigue due to the locking mechanism. We postulated that repetitive flexion produced an anterior superior force leading to failure of the locking mechanism.
Surgical Treatment for Permanent Dislocation of the Patella in Adults
Authors: Noda Mitsuaki , Saegusa Yasuhiro , Kashiwagi Naoya , Seto Yoichi
Published: December 2011

Permanent dislocation of the patella in adults is a rare condition that presents with complete irreducible lateral dislocation of the patella, combined with secondary changes, such as valgus deformity and leg-length discrepancy. Because these secondary changes cannot heal spontaneously after skeletal maturation if left untreated, the patients frequently possess pathology not limited to the knee joint and extending to the whole lower extremity, such as malalignment or leg-length discrepancy, that can develop into osteoarthritis of the knee. However, to our knowledge, few surgeons advocate the significance of correcting the malalignment in treating adult patients.

We treated a 34-year-old woman with permanent dislocation of the patella in a 2-stage surgery, consisting of first-stage correction of valgus deformity and limb shortening using a Ilizarov external fixator and second-stage realignment of the dislocated patella over the trochlea. A follow-up examination conducted 3 years after the second operation revealed plantigrade gait with normal alignment of the lower extremity without limping and medial thrust. The patella was tracking centrally in the patellofemoral groove. Radiographs showed a neutral mechanical axis of the lower extremity, no evidence of patellar subluxation, and no deteriorating osteoarthritic changes at the tibiofemoral joint. This case highlights the importance of correcting secondary changes, such as valgus deformity and leg-length discrepancy, to reduce the risk of future osteoarthrosis and postoperative dislocation, especially when these deformities are substantial.
Multifocal Infection of
Mycobacterium
Other Than Tuberculosis Mimicking a Soft Tissue Tumor of the Extremity
Authors: Kim Han-Soo , Park Il Hyung , Seo Sung Hwa , Han Ilkyu , Cho Hwan Seong
Published: December 2011

Mycobacterium
other than tuberculosis infections rarely develop in healthy individuals, but direct inoculation such as contaminated acupuncture can cause mycobacteriosis even in an immunocompetent host. A 56-year-old woman gradually developed pain on the anterior aspect of the left knee and the distal thigh after hiking without trauma. She received acupuncture for 3 consecutive days on the bilateral knees at the suprapatellar and infrapopliteal areas. After acupuncture, mild localized heat and painful swelling developed around the knees bilaterally. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated soft tissue masses with a lobulated contour at the prefemoral fat between the suprapatellar pouch and the distal femur and at the proximal tibia behind the knee joint capsule. Fibromatosis, pigmented villonodular synovitis, and soft tissue sarcoma were considered. On pathologic examination, multiple granulomas with lymphoplasmatic infiltration were evident, and acid-fast bacteria staining revealed acid-fast bacilli. A mycobacterial culture confirmed
Mycobacterium
other than tuberculosis infection, and a polymerase chain reaction-fragment length polymorphism assay identified the isolates as
Mycobacterium abscessus
. After treatment with appropriate antibiotics, the patient had no evidence of disease and reported no pain during activities of daily living.

Acupuncture is growing in prominence in Europe and the United States, and the number of reports on complications increases with its widespread use. Although the risk to an individual patient is difficult to determine, acupuncture may cause serious complications in patients with coagulopathy, heart valve disease, and immune deficiency. In addition, direct inoculation such as contaminated acupuncture can cause mycobacteriosis even in an immunocompetent host.
Adsorption of Copper Ions from Wastewater by Carboxymethylcellulose Sulfate
Authors: Yu Yan , Huang Feng Yuan
Published: December 2011

In the present paper, the ability of carboxymethylcellulose sulfate (CMC-S) for Cu(II) removal was studied. The influence of factors, such as the pH value, the initial copper concentrations, and the contact time, were investigated in detail. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer was applied to determined the concentration of Cu(II). The results showed that the adsorption process was strongly dependent on the pH value and the initial copper concentration. The optimum pH value was in the range of 6-7. The theoretical adsorption capacities for Cu(II) was 127.7 mg/g. The equilibrium data was well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model at 25°C, which can be explained as a monolayer adsorption.
First Principles Calculations of Electronic and Optical Properties of Al1-xLaxN
Authors: Chen Chang Peng , Qi Mei Lan
Published: December 2011

Based on the density functional method, the electronic structures and the optical properties for Al1-xLaxN(x=0, 0.0625, 0.125, 0.1875) are comparatively investigated in detail. The calculation results indicate that La substitution of the Al sites induces effective reduction of the band gap of AlN, and the band gap being continuously reduced when increasing La doping level. With the increase of La concentration, both the imaginary part of dielectric function and the absorption spectrum show red-shift corresponding to the change of band gaps. Moreover, additional absorption peaks are observed above the absorption edge in the high-energy range which widens the absorption region.
Experimental Study on Resistance Influencing Factors of Clean Filter Material Used in Air Purification
Authors: He Jin , Shen Heng Gen , Wu Yi Ren , Fang Min
Published: December 2011

In order to explore the impact on resistance from the structural parameters of clean filter materials used in air purification, filter resistance testing stand is built to test the selected materials. The comparison between experimental results and theoretical calculation indicates that the non-uniform distribution of fiber needs to be amended. Meanwhile, based on the experimental study of the influence on filter material resistance from filtration rate, porosity, fiber fineness and the thickness, the influence formulas are concluded. The value ranges of the factors’ influence are significantly instructive in reducing material resistance.
Facile Fabrication of Nanosized Nickel Powder via Solid-State Reaction at Low Heat and its Catalytic Performance
Authors: Hong Liu , Bin Wu , Tao Feng Cheng , Xia Qin
Published: December 2011

Nano-Nickel (Ni0) powders have been successfully prepared via the reduction of nanosized NiO powders by the solid state reaction. And the nanosized NiO powders were derived from low temperature (350°C) calcinations in muffle in air of nanosized Ni(OH)2 powders firstly prepared by the room temperature solid state reaction between NiSO4•6H2O and NaOH by H2 at 400°C for 4 h. The crystallinity, microstructure of surface and xps property of obtained nickel powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Furthermore, the catalytic activity of the obtained nanosized Ni powders for hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline was investigated. The results show that the spherical Ni parepared in particle sizes ranges from 20 to 25 nm and achieves enhanced catalytic activity for hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline compared with Raney Ni.
Optimized Environmental Conditions for Petroleum Degradation of Strain B1 by Orthogonal Test
Authors: Wu Chun Xu , Zhang Hong Tao , Zhou Bei Hai , Gao Lei , Deng Hao , Xu Xuan , Wang Yu Shuang
Published: December 2011

A strain B1 belonging to Pseudomonas aeruginosa with high petroleum-degrading efficiency was isolated from Dagang oil-field wastewater treatment plant. More than 80% petroleum-degrading efficiency was obtained at 32°C, 200 r/min. According to the orthogonal test, the environmental impact factors influencing petroleum-degrading efficiency of the strain were investigated. The optimum environmental conditions for petroleum degradation were as follows: temperature was 40 °C, pH 8.0, oil inoculation 1 mL, nitrogen content 0.05 g. And the biodegradation efficiency of the strain reached 86.1%.
Study of Low Detonation Velocity Explosives Used in Explosion Welding
Authors: Huang Wen Yao , Yuan Sheng Fang , Wu Hong Bo
Published: December 2011

In order to solve a series of questions on low detonation velocity explosives used in explosion welding which was added into lots of salt, for example hand mixing is heterogeneous, low velocity detonation is unstable, moisture absorption and agglomeration of explosive is easy, ammonium nitrate (AN), wax, diluent, surfactant, gelling agent were mixed into slurry liquid when water temperature was controlled within 105-115°C, and after this liquid was dried, sieved, and cooled at the pressure between -0.07and -0.09Mpa, it can made low detonation velocity explosives used in explosion welding. The microstructure and moisture absorption of the explosive was analyzed, the influence of the charge layout density and thickness on detonation velocity was researched. The results show that each component of the explosives is homogeneous, and is not easy to absorb moisture. When the density is 0.71-0.74g﹒cm-3, the detonation velocity is 2300-2380m﹒s-1,which can satisfy the requirement of explosion welding of mental plate.
Treatment of Train Laundry Wastewater for Recycling
Authors: Liu Chao Nan , Bi Dong Su
Published: December 2011

A new process has been developed in treating train laundry wastewater for recycling. In the work, the process of coagulation-sedimentation and SBR has been researched, the results has shown that the characters of the wastewater was great improved by coagulation-sedimentation under the conditions of 80mg/L of PAC as coagulant and 30mg/L of APAM as coagulant aid, and then by SBR under the conditions of 2.0h of anaerobic time, the effluent concentration could achieve the reuse standard of GBT18920-2002, and it could be applied for miscellaneous use.
Morphology of an Interface between Polyetherimide and Epoxy Prepreg
Authors: Heitzmann Michael T. , Hou Meng , Veidt Martin , Vandi Luigi Jules , Paton Rowan
Published: December 2011

The morphology of the interface between a commercial epoxy prepreg resin (HexPly M18/1) and Polyetherimide (PEI) is studied. Different cure cycles prescribed by the supplier were investigated to determine the influence of temperature and pressure on interface formation. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was used as the main means of investigation. A phase-separated interphase spanning 9-10μm was observed for the PEI/epoxy prepreg interface. It was found that the temperature profile of the cure cycle strongly influences the formation of this interphase. Rapid formation of these relatively large interphase areas suggests that mechanisms other than diffusion are responsible for this phenomenon.
Application of Dielectric Spectroscopy in ZnO Varistor Ceramics
Authors: Cheng Peng Fei , Li Sheng Tao , Li Jian Ying
Published: December 2011

There are two kinds of charges in dielectric materials, one is bound charge, and the other is free charge. Bound charge will introduce dielectric relaxation under applied AC electric field, which will be detected with dielectric spectroscopy. Free carrier will introduce DC conduction through the sample from one electrode to the other under DC electric field. But what can we do to obtain AC and DC properties of dielectric materials at the same time? In this paper, dielectric characteristics of ZnO varistor ceramics in a wide range of frequency and temperature are reported. DC conductivity is observed at low frequency and high temperature region and grainboundary Schottky barrier is obtained further. Dielectric loss peaks are observed at high frequency and low temperature region and single grainboundary electric breakdown voltage is calculated. At the end of the paper, the advancing trend of dielectric spectroscopy is discussed.
Synthesis of Nano Onion-Like Fullerenes Using Iron Supported on Sodium Chloride as Catalyst by Decomposing Acetylene
Authors: Wang Cun Jing , Yao Peng , Chen Gai Rong
Published: December 2011

Catalytic decomposition of acetylene was carried out at 400 °C using iron supported on sodium chloride as catalyst and the product was heat-treated at 650 °C under an argon atmosphere for 2 h directly. The sample was examined by scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results show that nano onion-like fullerenes encapsulating Fe cores with diameters in the range 20-50 nm were obtained.
Temperature Rising Behavior of Oxide Materials Synthesized V-Al Alloy and Slag after Reaction in Microwave Field
Authors: Liu Shou Ping , Li Jin , Lv Xue Wei , Lun Zhi Gang , Bai Chen Guang , Zhang Sheng Fu
Published: December 2011

The absorption of microwave energy has very close relationship with the structure and property of material. For the preparation of V-Al alloy with using microwave-assisted self-propagating, it is essential to choose the proper materials with suitable properties and quantities. The temperature-rise can be obtained by the interaction between microwave field and materials, and then the aluminothermic reaction can be controlled in the microwave field. In this paper, the temperature-rise behaviors of Al2O3, CaO, V2O5 and the slag after reaction under microwave field were investigated. The results showed that either the microwave power or the molecular structure of materials had significant effects on the heating rate. The relationship between temperature-rise behavior of different materials and the material structures were discussed through studying the difference of molecular structures, which led to the conclusion that the more structure defects in the crystal, the faster the heating rate was.
A Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Model on the Risks of Coal Enterprises’ Trans-Regional Expansion
Authors: Ma Yuan , Hou Gui Sheng , Yin Hua
Published: December 2011

An index system was set up in this paper which included two secondary indexes, external risk and internal risk, 9 third indexes and 29 fourth ones on the basis of coal enterprises’ expansion situations. The reasonable weights in this index system were calculated by analytic hierarchy process and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was set up. Then the expansion risk of a coal enterprise was evaluated by this model.
Cellulose Purified by an Efficient and Environmental Friendly Method for the Production of NCC
Authors: Zhang Hao , Zhang Jing , Song Shu Ping , Pu Jun Wen
Published: December 2011

In this study, cellulose extracted from Eucalyptus by ethanol, formic acid and catalyst MIK was used for nano crystal cellulose (NCC) production. The main function of MIK was to protect the structure of cellulose. Kappa numbers, holocellulose and alpha-cellulose contents of the obtained cellulose were calculated and the results showed that this cellulose provided an effective source for NCC. NCC from this material was characterized by Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis.
Effects and Mechanism of Organic Acids on Aluminum Availability of Dark Brown Forest Soil
Authors: Cui Fu Xing , Song Jin Feng , Guo Ya Fen , Xu Jin Zhong
Published: December 2011

The effects and mechanism of different concentration organic acids and organic salts solution on Al availability of dark brown forest soil were studied. It was resulted that, oxalic acid/oxalate and citric acid/citrate substantially stimulated soil Al release of dark brown forest soil. The effect of organic acids/salts on Al release would be strengthen with increasing of their concentrations.The contents of Al released from A1 horizon was higher than that from B horizon. Organic salt solutions had much higher effects than organic acid the same in concentration, i.e. citrate>citric acid, oxalate>oxalic acid. Therefore, the mechanism of organic acid/salts triggering release of soil Al was assumed to be dominated by complexation reactions of organic anions. Citric acid/ citrate had much higher effect than oxalic acid/ oxalate at same concentration to A1 and B horizons, i.e. citrate> oxalate, citric acid>oxalic acid, which was primarily related with the greater complexing capacities and dissociation constants of citric acid.
Effects of Organic Acids on Chlorophyll Contents and Photosynthesis of Fraxinus mandshurica Seedlings
Authors: Song Jin Feng , Qi Hai Yun , Cui Xiao Yang , Peng Hong Mei
Published: December 2011

By simulating oxalic and citric acid concentrations in forest litter leachates,a series of experiments were conducted to study the effects of oxalic acid and citric acid solutions on chlorophyll contents and photosynthesis of Fraxinus mandshurica seedlings.It resulted that, organic acids of appropriate concentrations increased chlorophyll contents, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents varied more than carotenoid content, and 1.0mmol/L solution was best. To photosynthesis, the variability treads of net photosynthetic rates with organic acids were probably consistent to those with distilled water, but the values all increased, and 5.0mmol/L solution was best. Effects of different organic acids on chlorophyll contents and photosynthesis followed the series: citric acid >oxalic acid, and it might be relative to chemical structure, dissociation constants and organic ligand-metal stabilities of two kinds of organic acids.
Identification of Cell Apoptosis Morphology Induced by Oligosaccharides
Authors: Guo Hong Lian , Zhao Hai Yang , Sun Yuan Yuan
Published: December 2011

Oligosaccharide as elicitor signal that induced the plant epidermal cells early apoptosis and death events were investigated In this paper.Onion epidermis was stained by typan blue and the rate of cells death is reached to 7.48% treated for 12h with 500ug / ml oligosaccharides, which were stained by fluorescence AO / EB treated with 50 ug/ml oligosaccharides and observed the cell morphology under fluorescence microscope,Some showed early apoptosis, such as the chromatin breakage, nuclear condensation, appearance of apoptotic bodies.
Pattern Recognition of Fructus cnidii Toxicity Study with Chemometrics Packages of R Software
Authors: Shi Zhong Feng , Wang Liang , Feng Yi Fan , Rui Wen , Han Liang
Published: December 2011

Fructus Cnidii (FC) is a traditional Chinese medicine, but it has mild toxicity. To reveal mechanism of FC toxicity, we carried out metabonomics study. We exported mass data to be processed by chemometrics methods with R. Pattern recognition ability of different methods in different packages were evaluated. The result showed OPLS has powerful discriminative ability of pattern recognition. This work laid the foundation for selecting biomarkers of FC toxicity to reveal it’s mechanism.
Preparation and Evaluation of the Pegylated Cerebrolysin
Authors: Wang Hong Wei , Sun Zhong Wu , Zhang Rong Hua
Published: December 2011

Four kinds of brain active peptide (BAP) in Cerebrolysin were effectively modified by mPEG-ALD5000 of single molecule. At pH = 5.0, 25°C, with Cerebrolysin (injection)/mPEG-ALD5000 feed ratio of 5 mL : 1 g, the modification rate reached 72.805% after 30 min. The method of nerve cells culture in vitro was used to evaluate the biological activity of modified Cerebrolysin. The result showed that after the BAPs in Cerebrolysin were modified by mPEG-ALD5000, the activity of promoting nerve cell growth of Cerebrolysin was significantly improved.
Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of the Extraction Technology of Pigment from Black Rice
Authors: Chen Ze Fang , Lv Xiao Ling
Published: December 2011

Response surface methodological studies of extraction technology of pigment from black rice was carried out by a two-level fractional factorial design involving four variables, namely extraction time (min), extraction temperature (°C), liquid-solid ratio (ml/g), extract concentration (%). The results indicated maximum extraction efficiency at 30 min, 70 °C, with 8 ml/g liquid and solid ratio and 75% extract concentration, which was also verified by experimental data. 84.58% pigment can be extracted from black rice when the extraction progression is one.
Serum Proteins Opsonization and Phagocytic Uptake of PEG-Modified PLGA Nanoparticles: Effect of Particle Size
Authors: Yang An Shu , Liu Wei , Yang Xiang Liang
Published: December 2011

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of particle size on serum protein opsonization and in vitro macrophage uptake of polyethyleneglycol modified poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles (PEG-PLGA-NPs). PEG-PLGA-NPs were prepared by modified-spontaneous emulsification solvent diffusion (modified-SESD) method. Serum protein adsorptions to PEG-PLGA-NPs were evaluated by bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Complement activation was also investigated by ELISA for complement fragments iC3b. Uptake of PEG-PLGA-NPs by macrophages was measured by fluorescence spectrometer. The results showed that serum protein adsorption and complement activation were augmented for nanoparticles with a larger size below 400 nm. Phagocytosis of PEG-PLGA-NPs by murine peritoneal macrophages involved serum-independent and serum-dependent phagocytosis. Serum-independent phagocytosis decreased, while serum-dependent phagocytosis increased with the increase of particle size in the nanometer and submicrometer range. Consequently, nanoparticles with size of about 400 nm were phagocytosed more readily than either smaller or larger particles
Study of RNA Secondary Structure Prediction Algorithms
Authors: Sun Ying , Ye Sheng Hua , Lu Hong Wei
Published: December 2011

RNA secondary structure study is one of the most important fields in computational molecular biology. According to different conditions, RNA secondary structure prediction derives two ways. In the paper, the method to predict RNA secondary structure is introduced in two ways. It includes the mathematic models and main algorithms. The paper also points out the existing problems. The main development directions of RNA secondary structure prediction algorithm is also be indicated.