bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
דיונים נבחרים בגישת ההון לקיימות
Authors: צחור אסף
Published: June 2021

איכות החיים תלויה בחמש קבוצות של משאבים, המכונים גם מלאי הון: הון כלכלי, הון טבעי, הון אנושי, הון חברתי והון תרבותי. כאשר משאבים אלו אוזלים או איכותם מידרדרת, איכות החיים עלולה להישחק. לכן בחינת השאלה אם איכות החיים בישראל יכולה להישמר לאורך זמן צריכה להיעשות באמצעות גישה תאורטית השמה את המשאבים האלה במרכזה. תאוריית גישת ההון(The Capital Approach) היא המסגרת התאורטית המקובלת, האינטואיטיבית והרווחת ביותר למטרה זו. היא נותנת כלים למעקב ולניהול בסיס המלאים הלאומי למען איכות חיים מתמשכת. לפיה, המדיניות הלאומית משפיעה על מצב מלאי ההון, על פיזורו ועל נגישותו, ובכך משפיעה על איכות חייהם של תושבי המדינה בהווה ובעתיד. יישומה של גישת ההון בהקשר הלאומי מחייב להבין את טבעם של נכסי ההון השונים, ובייחוד כיצד הם מגיבים לניצול ולשימוש בהם, אם יש להם יכולת התחדשות, וכיצד הם מושפעים ממצבם של נכסי הון אחרים או מגורמים חיצוניים כמו גידול דמוגרפי. יתרה מזאת, יישומה של גישה זו מחייב גיבוש רשימה ממוקדת וברורה של נכסי ההון השונים הקריטיים לאיכות החיים בישראל שאותם יש לנטר ולנהל. סקירה זו מאפיינת את סוגי ההון השונים ומציעה חמישה מבחנים לזיהוי נכסי ההון הקריטיים לאיכות החיים בישראל. מבחנים כאלה כוללים את מבחן המוּגבלוּת, מבחן ההִתכלוּת, מבחן התחליפיות או גמישות התחלופה, מבחן הזיקה הלאומית ומבחן הריבונות. יישום גישת ההון מחייב בחינה של כמה סוגיות נוספות שבהן עוסקת הסקירה. עם סוגיות אלה ניתן למנות את השפעת הטכנולוגיה על מלאי ההון ואת יעילות ניצולם, את שאלת הבעלות על נכסי ההון, את מידת אי־הוודאות הטמונה בבחינת מלאיהם וכן את דרך מדידתם. לבסוף תמונה מלאה ומדויקת של מצב הנכסים הלאומי תתאפשר רק באמצעות הבנה של יחסי הגומלין בין סוגי ההון, בינם לבין עצמם ובינם לבין גורמים חיצוניים. לכן סקירה זו מציגה את גישת דינמיקת המערכות כמסגרת תאורטית ומתודולוגית שביכולתה להשלים את גישת ההון ולספק תמונה מקיפה ורחבה יותר על מצב מלאי ההון, ומכאן על מידת הקיימות והחוסן של איכות החיים. הסקירה מוסיפה נדבך ביישום גישת ההון לאיכות חיים בת־קיימה בהקשר הישראלי. היא מדגישה את התרומה שמדדי הון צפויים לתרום לתהליכי הפקה והקצאה של משאבים לאומיים וליכולת להעריך את מידת הקיימות של איכות החיים בכללותה. בדרך זו היא פותחת צוהר לדיוני המשך הממוקדים בכל אחד מחמשת סוגי ההון, באפיונם ובזיהוי נכסיהם.
Perancangan Aplikasi Sistem Pakar Konsultasi Psikologis Anak Berbasis Web
Authors: Kurnia Hamdhany Abdhi , Widiastiwi Yuni , Zaidiah Ati
Published: June 2021

Sistem pakar psikologis ini dibuat bertujuan agar orang tua menyadari bahwa kesehatan psikologis tersebut sangat menganggu perkembangan anak jika dibiarkan begitu saja. Sistem pakar ini membantu orang tua untuk mengetahui apa penyakit yang diderita anaknya dan juga memberikan solusi yang tepat untuk menghadapinya. Metode yang dipakai pada sistem pakar ini adalah forward chaining, metode ini nantinya akan memproses gejala apa saja yang dirasakan dan hasilnya akan menunjukan solusi yang sesuai dengan gejala penyakit yang sudah dipilih. Sistem ini diharapkan mampu membuka pandangan orang tua betapa pentingnya untuk menjaga kesehatan tidak hanya kesehatan fisik yang terlihat. Dengan solusi tepat yang diberikan oleh sistem, diharapkan juga mampu membantu deteksi awal atau meredakan penyakit psikologis yang diderita oleh anak tersebut sebelum penyakit tersebut sangat melekat dengannya.
Pemodelan Enterprise Resource Planning pada Perusahaan Ritel
Authors: Retnasari Tri
Published: June 2021

Perusahaan ritel yang bergerak di bidang perdagangan produk olah raga yang memiliki lebih dari 900 cabang di beberapa kota besar di Indonesia. Tidak semua jenis produk ternama masuk ke satu ritel, namun dibagian "Inventory and Merchandise" dapat memilih produknya masing-masing. Produk yang masuk disesuaikan dengan kategori brand ritel tergantung lokasi dan Store (Warehouse Management). Odoo adalah aplikasi web open source yang digunakan sebagai aplikasi sistem IT untuk menyelesaikan masalah manajemen transaksi bisnis. Sistem Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) digunakan sebagai salah satu solusi bagi perusahaan yang memiliki kompleksitas bisnis yang cukup tinggi. Sistem ERP sendiri di buat untuk mendukung jalannya proses bisnis dengan cara menyediakan informasi yang cepat update dan saling terintegrasi setiap departemen fungsional perusahaan. Sistem ERP dapat menggunakan lebih dari Intranet, tetapi juga menghubungkan jaringan dengan internet, sehingga memudahkan pengguna untuk memasukkan data, mengolah dan menghasilkan hasil berupa laporan yang dapat diselesaikan secara online. Pengguna hanya perlu menginstal modul yang diperlukan. Standar yang tersedia adalah sistem secara global. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis mencoba menggunakan Odoo pada sistem perusahaan retail. Sistem yang dirancang dengan maksud agar mempermudah end user atau administrator dalam mengelola proses bisnis dalam hal pertukaran data ketika tidak terhubung dengan internet, kemudian dapat mempermudah melakukan proses sinkronisasi data ketika akses internet setelah terhubung.
Digital Health Technologies and Artificial Intelligence in the Islamic World: Embracing the Evolution in Healthcare
Authors: Khan Muhammad Salman , Nayab Hinna
Published: June 2021

Health and Healthcare have been highly impacted by the global technological revolution resulting in more intelligent systems, optimised hospital workflows, disease prediction and analytics, precision medicine and personalised patient experience. Digital health offers a wide spectrum with artificial intelligence at the far-end having a significant influence on the healthcare systems and medical practice. Artificial intelligence makes sense of the large volumes of medical data through efficient algorithms, thus transforming healthcare systems. But, has the Muslim world been up to date with the advancements in healthcare? This detailed study presents the importance of adopting and adapting to the new technologies in the field of medicine, taking into consideration that Muslim scientists were, in fact, pioneers in the field, carving new medical techniques. The significance of digital health technologies and artificial intelligence in healthcare is also supported by various issues in Muslim societies related to cross-gender patient-doctor interactions, lack of resources, inefficient healthcare systems, and poor socio-economic status. This study concludes with examples of research studies being carried out in the fields of cardiology, haematology, and radiology where algorithms and systems are developed that enable physicians to perform their job with more ease and higher precision.
The Culture of Technological Creativity in the Islamic World during the First Islamic Golden Age
Authors: Lim Ren Chong
Published: June 2021

The Islamic world in the period between 132AH/750AD – 655AH/1258AD is marked by technological advancements stemming from the ability of its community to preserve, adapt and build on already existing knowledge assimilated from others. There was a culture highly creative in its approach to driving technological progress, which led to the development of valuable innovations and the accumulation of vast wealth. More importantly, these innovations enabled the community to achieve the Maqāṣid. Leadership, stable rules of law, common trade rules, effective administration, and strong institutions are some of the ingredients giving rise to a culture of technological creativity. An often-underrated essential ingredient is the communication of information. Knowledge codified as information in patents, journal articles, and book chapters is only useful when it is efficiently communicated to individuals who can transform the information into innovations. During this golden age, there were many individuals involved with the delivery and exchange of information. Non Muslim members within the community-made notable contributions, particularly in translating non-Arabic scientific works into Arabic. Later generations of Muslim innovators made extensive use of these translated works which included insightful dialectical commentaries.
Pembelajaran Berbasis Konstruktivisme untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Prestasi Belajar Siswa pada Materi Pokok Himpunan
Authors: Wahyuningsih Sri
Published: June 2021

Pembelajaran pada hakekatnya adalah pembelajaran yang mampu berinteraksi dan mampu memahami materi pembelajaran di saat proses pembelajaran berlangsung. Salah satu diantaranya adalah pembelajaran melalui penggunaan pendekatan konstruktivisme yang merupakan alternatif dalam meningkatkan aktivitas dan prestasi belajar siswa pada materi pokok himpunan kelas VII D SMP Negeri 1 Kuripan. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan prestasi belajar siswa melalui  aktivitas belajar siswa dan hasil evaluasi belajar siswa setelah penerapan pembelajaran dengan pendekatan konstruktivisme. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang terdiri dari dua siklus yang memuat tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi evaluasi dan refleksi. Subyek dari penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII Semester Genap SMP Negeri 1 Kuripan yang terdiri dari 40  siswa. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dan pendekatan kuantitatif. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah : 1) tes hasil belajar yang diberikan setiap berakhirnya siklus belajar mengajar, 2) lembar observasi untuk memperoleh gambaran langsung tentang kegiatan belajar mengajar matematika melalui pembelajaran konstruktivisme. Sebagai indikator penelitian adalah adanya peningkatan rata-rata skor hasil balajar siswa maupun aktivitas belajar siswa. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan rata-rata skor hasil belajar siswa yaitu pada siklus I, sebesar 69,39 dengan presentase ketuntasan 65%. Pada siklus II, rata-rata hasil belajar siswa sebesar 75,5 dengan presentase ketuntasan 85%, sedangkan skor aktivitas belajar siswa pada siklus I, rata-rata aktivitas siswa sebesar 2,66 dengan kategori cukup aktif,dan pada siklus II rata-rata aktivitas siswa sebesar 3,5 dengan kategori aktif. Nilai ini telah  memenuhi kriteria sesuai dengan indikator penelitian yaitu adanya peningkatan rata-rata skor hasil belajar siswa, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa melalui pembelajaran dengan menggunakan pendekatan konstruktivisme dapat meningkatkan  prestasi belajar siswa materi pokok himpunan pada siswa kelas VII D SMP Negeri 1 Kuripan Tahun Pelajaran 2011/2012.
Cuestiones generales del delito fiscal
Authors: Palomino-Flórez Diego Fernando
Published: June 2021

El trabajo presenta un estudio sobre el objeto de protección del delito fiscal, así como la determinación de los autores y otros participantes en el delito, y quién debe considerarse afectado. Esto, teniendo en cuenta la complejidad del fraude fiscal debido a implicaciones económicas, tributarias y administrativas, entre otros.
Tasini, Jonathan. Bernie Sanders. Sus principales ideas de Estados Unidos
Authors: Abreu Colombri Jose Antonio
Published: June 2021

El libro fue publicado originalmente en inglés, en el verano de 2015, por la editorial Chelsea Green Publishing -White River Junction, Vermont-: “The Essential Bernie Sanders and His Vision for America”. Ricardo García Pérez tradujo el libro un año después, para Capitán Swing Libros -Madrid, España-. El cuerpo del texto se compone de ciento ochenta y ocho páginas y veinte capítulos; en la parte final se recoge una breve biografía de Bernard -“Bernie”- Sanders y los agradecimientos. En la introducción y el prefacio el autor plantea algunas reflexiones sobre los contextos políticos en el que irrumpe el mensaje del senador Sanders y adelanta cuales serán los principales temas de la presente edición. En estas primeras páginas, se puede vislumbrar que Sanders siempre tuvo una actividad a contra corriente, que ha roto los estándares del ejercicio de la representación política y que su retórica siempre ha prorrumpido en los espacios institucionales de forma original y alejada de las convenciones establecidas en cada fase político-electoral.
Análise crítica do discurso multimodal de representações de professores/as em capas de revistas nacionais
Authors: Silva Bezerra Fábio Alexandre , De Sousa Oliveira Tammara Thaís
Published: June 2021

Este artigo apresenta resultados de pesquisa sobre representações imagéticas e verbais de professores/as em capas das revistas Veja, Carta Capital e Nova Escola a partir de conceitos e categorias de análise da gramática do design visual (GDV) de Kress e van Leeuwen (2006) e da Análise Crítica do Discurso (ACD) de Fairclough (1992; 2015[1985]). O objetivo principal é analisar as representações construídas sobre professores/as e revelar os sentidos produzidos, além de evidenciar discursos dominantes e marginais presentes nas publicações. A análise multimodal revelou que as representações dos/as professores/as na capa e na matéria da revista Veja estão voltadas para uma tentativa de responsabilizar principalmente esses/as profissionais pelo fracasso ou sucesso dos/as alunos/as. Em contrapartida, as revistas Carta Capital e Nova Escola tratam a temática expondo a desvalorização dessa profissão e os principais problemas enfrentados pelos/as professores/as brasileiros/as. Dessa forma, os resultados sugerem que as publicações se mostraram comprometidas com suas linhas editoriais, utilizando recursos semióticos que revelaram os posicionamentos ideológicos em seus discursos.
Characterization of the Spanish juniper population of El Peñón de Alamedilla (Granada, Spain): conservation status and protection proposal
Authors: Vílchez Juan A. , Marruecos José M. , Jiménez María N. , Navarro Francisco B.
Published: June 2021

Aims of the study: To characterize the southernmost Spanish Juniper (Juniperus thurifera L.) population in Europe, a relict species of the tertiary flora.Area of study: El Peñón de Alamedilla, Los Montes region (Granada, Spain).Material and Methods: A census and geo-referencing of the individuals in the population was carried out, together with the determination of the population structure, inference of the potential extension of the population, and discussion of the risk faced by the population.Main results: A total of 899 individuals were located in mainly 128 ha from 806 to 888 m a.s.l. We found 50.6% adults, 35.7% saplings and 13.6% juveniles. Sexing on the adults showed a 60% of male feet compared to 39.1% of females (0.9% undifferentiated). 47% of the population has a basal diameter less than or equal to 50 mm. A 74.11% of the population was in grasslands + scrubs, and only 5.3% of the specimens were in arable lands. All individuals are on privately owned land.Research highlights: The characterization of this southernmost Spanish Juniper population suggests a good viability and resilience, though there is also a high risk of inbreeding, with the population being able to go into genetic drift, which is critical for successful reproduction and may easily jeopardize its conservation efforts. This species is not protected enough in Andalusia and conservation measures should be taken.Keywords: Juniperus thurifera, SE Iberian Peninsula, relict population, Natura 2000 Network.
Timeless Principles for Effective Teaching and Learning: A Modern Application of Historical Principles and Guidelines
Authors: Kelley R. Mark , Humerickhouse Kim , Gibson Deborah J. , Gray Lori A.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study is twofold: (a) to assess the perceived relevance of the Seven Timeless Principles and guidelines posited by Gregory (1886) for current educators and educators-in-training and (b) to develop and pilot test the instrument needed to accomplish the former. The “Rules for Teachers” Gregory attributes to each of these laws were used as guidelines to develop an assessment instrument. Eighty-four educators and future educators across three universities participated in an online survey using a 4-point Likert scale to evaluate the consistency of Gregory’s guidelines with modern best-teaching practices. Responses were framed within the Timeless Principles, providing a measure of pedagogical universality. Total mean scores for all principles and guidelines were greater than 3.0, suggesting that Gregory had indeed identified foundational principles of teaching and learning that maintain relevance across academic disciplines and in a variety of settings in which learning occurs.
Investigation of the Life Satisfaction Levels of Turkish EFL Teachers in Terms of Several Variables
Authors: Deneme Selma
Published: June 2021

In the present study, the purpose was to investigate the life satisfaction levels of Turkish EFL (English as a foreign language) teachers in terms of several variables. The general survey method was used in the study. The life satisfaction scale, which was developed by Diener, Emmons, Larsen, and Griffin (1985), adapted into Turkish by Dağlı and Baysal (2016), was used to collect the data in the study. The data were collected through the internet from the teachers who taught English as a foreign language between January and March 2021. The software SPSS 24 version was used for the data analyses along with Spearman Correlation Coefficient, Kruskal-Wallis Test, and Mann Whitney U-Test. According to the results of the study, it was found that the life satisfaction levels increased in favor of female teachers in terms of the gender variable and in favor of married teachers according to the marital status variable; additionally, was found to increase in favor of those who received support from administrators and colleagues when it comes to the support received from administrators and colleagues. In the same way, life satisfaction levels were found to increase as age increased and in favor of those who considered themselves at upper-income level economically.
More Than Just Adolescence: Differences in Fatigue Between Youth With Cerebral Palsy and Typically Developing Peers
Authors: Brunton Laura K. , Condliffe Elizabeth G. , Kuntze Gregor , Janzen Leticia , Esau Shane , Toomey Clodagh M. , Emery Carolyn A.
Published: June 2021

Objective To quantify differences in fatigue and disordered sleep between adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) and their typically developing peers. A secondary aim was to investigate the association between fatigue and disordered sleep in adolescents with CP.Methods A convenience sample of 36 youth with CP aged 10–18 years was matched for age and sex with 36 typically developing peers. The Fatigue Impact and Severity Self-Assessment (FISSA), the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) fatigue profile, and the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) were collected.Results Higher fatigue was reported in participants with CP than in their typically developing peers based on the FISSA total score (mean paired difference=19.06; 99% confidence interval [CI], 6.06–32.1), the FISSA impact subscale (mean paired difference=11.19; 99% CI, 3.96–18.4), and the FISSA Management and Activity Modification subscale (mean paired difference=7.86; 99% CI, 1.1–14.6). There were no differences between groups in the PROMIS fatigue profile (mean paired difference=1.63; 99% CI, -1.57–4.83) or the SDSC total score (mean paired difference=2.71; 99% CI, -2.93–8.35).Conclusion Youth with CP experienced significantly more fatigue than their peers as assessed by a comprehensive measure that considered both general and diagnosis-specific concerns. Sleep did not differ between youth with CP and their typically developing peers. These findings underscore the need to consider the clinical management of fatigue across the lifespan of individuals with CP to prevent the associated deterioration of functional abilities.
ON RINGS SATISFYING BOTH OF 1-abc AND 1-cba BEING INVERTIBLE OR NONE
Authors: YEN CHEN-TE
Published: June 2021

Let $R$ be a ring with identity 1 and $n$ a positive integer. We define the property Pn as  follows:

(Pn) If $1- a_1a_2a_3 \cdots a_{n-1}a_n$ is invertible in $R$, then so is $1- a_na_2a_3 \cdots a_{n-1}a_1$.

Thus, $R$ satisfies (Pn), for some $n \ge 3$ if and only if $R$ satisfies (P3). Some properties of rings satisfying (P3) are obtained, e.g., $R$ must be directly finite.
CO-RS-COMPACT TOPOLOGIES
Authors: EL-MONSEF M. E. ABD , KOZAE A. M. , KHADRA A. A. ABO
Published: June 2021

A topology $R(\tau)$ is contructed from a given topolgy $\tau$ on a set $X$ . $R(\tau)$ is coarser than $\tau$, and the following are some results based on this topology:

1. Continuity and RS-continuity are equivalent if the codomain is re­ topologized by $R(\tau)$.

2. The class of semi-open sets with respect to $R(\tau)$ is a topology.

3. $T_2$ and semi-$T_2$ properties are equivalent on a space whose topology is $R(\tau)$.

4. Minimal $R_0$-spaces are RS-compact:
ON GENERALIZED $(N,p_n,q_n)$ SUMMABILITY OF JACOBI AND LAGUERRE SERIES
Authors: SINHA RAJIV , SINGH DHIRENDRA
Published: June 2021

In this paper we generalize two theorems of Szego [7] for Jacobi and Laguerre series by $G(N , p, q)$ summability method.
SINGULAR PERTURBATIONS FOR THE FORCED VAN DER POL OSCILLATOR
Authors: ELABBASY E. M.
Published: June 2021

This paper deals with the Van der Pol oscillator with large si­ nusoidal forcing term. By using singular perturbation techniques a.symp­ totic solutions of such a system are constructed. We considered the case $b$ small and then we find the range of values of $b$ for which the Van der Pol oscillatore may have 3 stable subharmonic solutions for the same values of the parameters. We have integrated the equation numerically; then a comparison of the numerical results obtained with analytical results of this paper is given.
S-COMPACTNESS VIA IDEALS
Authors: EL-MONSEF M. E. ABD , LASHIEN E. F. , NASEF A. A.
Published: June 2021

Compactness modulo an ideal has not been widely studied. Many new sorts of weak compactness have been introduced to topological spaces in the last twenty years but have not been studied using ideals. So, the main aim of our work is to study relations between ideals and some types of weak compactness. We initiate types of compactness modulo an ideal that generalize semi-compactness, $S$-closeness, $S$-Lindelofness and other types of compactness. Moreover, we study some of their properties and characterizations.
Sob um olhar crítico: o acolhimento institucional da criança e do adolescente indígena
Authors: Duarte Jessica Padilha , Monteiro Michelle Alves , Cardoso Squeff Tatiana De A. F. R.
Published: June 2021

Esse artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o instituto do acolhimento institucional de crianças e adolescentes indígenas em situações de risco e vulnerabilidade social, analisando, para tanto, o contexto que leva à intervenção estatal, bem como o modo como são tratadas nas instituições de acolhimento, buscando confirmar que as especificidades culturais não são respeitadas e, muito menos, consideradas quando existe a necessidade de intervenção, dentro de um sistema jurídico que possui um viés colonialista. Logo, pautando-se pelo método dedutivo, através de uma pesquisa crítico-descritiva, pretende-se abordar o referido instituto, demonstrando por meio de um levantamento bibliográfico, documental e jurisprudencial qualitativo-localizado, o porquê e como ocorre o acolhimento institucional de crianças e adolescentes indígenas para, então, abordar as especificidades de casos envolvendo tal prática no Brasil. Ao cabo, conclui-se que é evidente a existência de violações às legislações que protegem as crianças e adolescentes, bem como às normas que resguardam a cultura indígena no Brasil, resultando na anulação cultural desses povos no país.
Xpert® MTB/RIF assay testing on stool for the diagnosis of paediatric pulmonary TB in Tanzania
Authors: Ainan S. , Furia F. F. , Mhimbira F. , Mnyambwa N. P. , Mgina N. , Zumla A. , Mfinanga S. G. , Ngadaya E.
Published: June 2021

SETTING: Six health facilities in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of stool specimens in the diagnostic workup of paediatric TB using the Xpert® MTB/RIF assay.DESIGN: Between December 2018 and May 2019, we performed a
cross-sectional diagnostic study of children aged between 1 month and 14 years with presumptive TB. A single stool specimen was tested using Xpert. The result was compared with the reference microbiological standard for respiratory or gastric specimens tested using Xpert and/or solid culture.
The sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of stool Xpert assay were assessed.RESULTS: A total of 225 children with a median age of 2.17 years (IQR 1.16–5.19) were enrolled; 165/225 (73.3%) were aged <5 years. Of 225 children, 8 (3.6%) were diagnosed with TB as
they were culture- or Xpert-positive on sputum/gastric aspirate. The stool Xpert assay showed a sensitivity of 62.5% (95% CI 25–92) and specificity of 100% (95% CI 98–100) against the reference standard.CONCLUSION: Use of the Xpert assay on stool specimens had a moderate
sensitivity and high specificity in the diagnosis of pulmonary TB in children. Our data adds to the body of evidence for the use of Xpert assay on stool as a non-respiratory specimen to complement conventional methods used to diagnose the disease.
Experiences of introducing new drugs for drug-resistant TB at the ALERT Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2017–2019
Authors: Tesema E. , Wares F. , Bedru A. , Negeri C. , Molla Y. , Gemechu D. , Kassa A. , Tsegaye F. , Taye L.
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) remains a major public health concern. DR-TB patient data from ALERT (All Africa Leprosy, Tuberculosis and Rehabilitation Training Centre) Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, who received bedaquiline (BDQ) and/or delamanid (DLM) containing regimens
were analysed.RESULTS: From 2017 to 2019, 51 DR-TB patients were enrolled. Of 33 patients, 31 (93.9%) had culture converted at 6 months. Of those with final outcomes, 77% (n = 10) were cured. Thirty (58.8%) developed adverse events, the most frequent of which were gastrointestinal
disorders (70%), haematological disorders (16.7%) and QTc prolongation (16.7%). Twenty patients discontinued the offending drug permanently.CONCLUSION: With close monitoring, introduction of new DR-TB regimens brought good early results, which encouraged wider programmatic implementation
in Ethiopia.
Die Leisen und die Lauten. Eine Spurensuche
Authors: Jäckel Michael
Published: June 2021

Zu den Grundbedingungen menschlicher Kommunikation gehören Erwartungen an die Rolle der Beteiligten. Wer etwas mitteilen und verstanden werden möchte, ist nicht nur auf das Wohlwollen der anderen angewiesen, er/sie bewegt sich auch in einem Rahmen, der Artikulation an Regeln knüpft. Spontaneität muss nicht immer von Vorteil sein, dauernde Zurückhaltung ebenso. Zum Reden gehört auch das Schweigen, das jeweils unterschiedliche Ursachen haben kann. Das Leise und das Laute stehen mithin nicht nur für etwas Unverträgliches, beides begleitet viele Interaktionen wie eine ungeschriebene Partitur. Mal wird die Aufmerksamkeit gesucht, mal die Rolle des Beobachters. Es korreliert mit Wissen und Geltungsbedürfnis ebenso wie mit dem Bedürfnis, den Dingen zunächst auf den Grund zu gehen - eine Spurensuche.
Modi der Audionutzung. Das Radio in der digitalen Welt
Authors: Hasebrink Uwe
Published: June 2021

Angesichts der vielfältigen Optionen, Audioangebote aller Art zu beliebigen Zeitpunkten abzurufen, stellt sich die Frage, welche Rolle das Radio künftig spielen kann. Der Beitrag geht dieser Frage aus der Perspektive der Nutzerinnen und Nutzer nach: Für welche Funktionen verwenden sie klassisches Radio, für welche Funktionen verwenden sie andere Audioangebote? Die Überlegungen münden in eine Klassifikation idealtypischer Modi der Audionutzung, in welcher auch dem klassischen Radio eine spezifische Funktion zukommt. Dabei erweist sich der vermeintliche Nachteil des Mediums, die lineare Struktur, die keine zeitsouveräne Nutzung erlaubt, als Vorteil im Sinne der Funktion einer Teilhabe an öffentlicher Kommunikation und gesellschaftlicher Synchronisierung.
Was wird sich durch Audio und Voice verändern? Perspektiven für Radio in einer plattformgeprägten Welt
Authors: Daubner Christian , Grammes Philipp , Pfeilschifter Tim
Published: June 2021

Die Hörfunkangebote des öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunks prägen nach wie vor den Medienmarkt. Dennoch lassen sich Veränderungen feststellen. Neue Plattformbetreiber haben sich erfolgreich positioniert. Zudem haben sich die technischen Markteintrittsbarrieren reduziert. Jede:r Nutzer:in kann sich als Produzent von Podcasts positionieren. Die Vielfalt wächst unaufhörlich. Durch den Einsatz von Künstlicher Intelligenz werden Angebote auch für die kleinsten Interessensgebiete in einem personalisierten Stream oder in neuen Ausspielformen über digitale Sprachassistenten möglich sein. Eine entscheidende Frage wird sein, welche Motive die Grundlage für die Kuratierung von Inhalten darstellen werden. Rein kommerzielle Interessen dürften für eine funktionierende Gesellschaft nicht ausreichen, wenn das Gemeinwohl als wichtig erachtet wird.
Rindfleischetikettierung-Judikatur jetzt auch für Schweine? – Anmerkung zum Beschluss des BVerfG zur Verfassungsmäßigkeit von § 58 Abs. 3 Nr. 2 LFGB v. 11.3.2020, Az. 2 BvL 5/17
Authors: Heger Martin , Widmann Veronika
Published: June 2021

Mit Beschluss vom 11. März 2020 hat das BVerfG § 58 Abs. 3 Nr. 2 i.V.m. § 62 Abs. 1 Nr. 1 LFBG für mit Art. 103 Abs. 2 und Art. 80 Abs. 1 S. 2 GG vereinbar erklärt. Dies mag nach der viel diskutierten Entscheidung zu § 10 RiFlEtikettG prima facie überraschen, wurde diese doch in der Literatur verbreitet als generelle Absage an Blankettstrafnormen mit Rückverweisungsklauseln gewertet. Sollte das, was für Rindfleisch vor vier Jahren judiziert wurde, für das nunmehr streitgegenständliche Schweinefleisch nicht gelten? Die unterschiedliche Bewertung der beiden Normen ist - wie im Folgenden aufgezeigt wird - jedoch durchaus stringent, da sie sich in einem wesentlichen Punkt unterscheiden. Mit der vorliegenden Entscheidung bestätigt das BVerfG mithin implizit die vorausgegangene Entscheidung, zieht dieser aber zugleich klare Grenzen; das erleichtert dem Gesetzgeber in Zukunft die Entscheidung sowohl über das Ob als auch das Wie solcher Strafbewehrung mittels Rückverweisungsklauseln. Zu begrüßen ist der Beschluss vom 11.3.2020 im Interesse des Bestimmtheitsgebots freilich dennoch nicht, da sowohl dessen kompetenzsichernde als auch freiheitsgewährleistende Funktion abgeschwächt werden.
Häuser des Jugendrechts – ein wesentlicher Beitrag zur Verbesserung des Sicherheitsgefühls in der Bevölkerung?
Authors: Lohrmann Leon , Schaerff Marcus
Published: June 2021

In den letzten Jahren ist die Anzahl der Häuser des Jugendrechts in Deutschland stark angestiegen. Einige dieser Einrichtungen verfolgen neben u.a. der Verfahrensbeschleunigung und angemessenerer Reaktionen auf Jugendkriminalität auch das Ziel, das Sicherheitsgefühl in der Bevölkerung zu stärken. Der Beitrag geht daher der Frage nach, ob durch die Errichtung von Häusern des Jugendrechts überhaupt eine Verbesserung des Sicherheitsgefühls in der Bevölkerung erreicht werden kann. Dabei wird dieses Ziel vor dem Leitgedanken des JGG diskutiert und in den Kontext aktueller Daten zur Kriminalitätsfurcht gestellt.
Verantwortungseigentum als Instrument gegen soziale Ungleichheit?
Authors: Croon-Gestefeld Johanna
Published: June 2021

In summer 2020, a draft bill for companies under steward ownership was presented. Its authors propose to create a separate legal form for companies under steward ownership, in which the assets are tied up within the company and only people who belong to a group of people sharing a certain set of values and capabilities can become shareholders. The article examines if the proposed legal form can make a contribution to reducing social inequality: Elements of the draft can have a positive effect on reducing wealth inequality. But from an egalitarian point of view, the envisaged irrevocable asset-lock within the company is also problematic. It does not aim to promote the common good or the interests of third parties, but serves exclusively the wellbeing of the company. In addition, the asset-lock is likely to result in the state having fewer funds available for redistribution than it has had up to now.
Die Strafkammer aus der Perspektive von Michel Foucault
Authors: Barnickel Martin
Published: June 2021

The French philosopher Michel Foucault, who is regarded as the founder of the discourse analysis of power and knowledge theory, also dealt with "heterotopias". He understood this to mean counter-places in which the everyday real places are simultaneously represented, questioned and reversed. Understanding the proceedings of the German criminal courts as a heterotopia opens up new perspectives and illustrates the difficulties that arise when the irrational "real space" of interpersonal relationships and human behavior must be mirrored with legal rationality for the (re)construction of a "truth". The criminal division's mandate to determine the truth, which can be interpreted as a "will to knowledge" in the Foucault sense, especially when considering whether the accused should be placed in a psychiatric hospital or in preventive detention, often leads to the individual concerned resisting such objectification. This is because it divides him into - scientific - categories and demands that he must accept a truth about himself that is the truth of others. This is probably one reason why the accused refuses to cooperate in the "correction" primarily intended by the state. However, this dilemma is neither a reason to return from preventive theories of punishment in favour of absolute theories of punishment, nor to dispense with the will to knowledge in a consensual settlement of proceedings.
„Das tut mir gut!“
Authors: Schade Franziska
Published: June 2021

Young people are interested in exploring their religiousness. However, conventional church formats offer them little incentive to do so. Youth churches start at this point. They aim to present attending church to adolescents in an age-appropriate way.

By means of qualitative social research, this study investigates the religious needs of adolescents in the context of youth church work. What forms of religious communication and social practice do adolescents need in order to develop their own religiosity? What places do they need to develop their faith and what demands do they place on religious institutions such as churches?

The author discusses the results of the study using sociological and philosophical theories of care and thus develops the thesis of religious self-care among young people.
Motor Control Changes after Innovative Aquatic Proprioceptive Training in Athletes with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Voluntary Response Index Analysis
Authors: Hajouj Elie , Hadian Mohammad Reza , Mir Seyed Mohsen , Talebian Saeed , Ghazi Salah
Published: June 2021

Objectives: The main aim of this study was to determine and compare the effects of innovative aquatic proprioceptive training plus conventional rehabilitation with conventional rehabilitation alone on voluntary response index (VRI) components in athletes with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Methods: Forty male athletes with ACLR (18 - 35 years of age) voluntarily participated in this study. They were randomly allocated into two groups. The conventional therapy group (n = 20) underwent conventional rehabilitation for ten weeks, three sessions a week. The aquatic proprioceptive training plus conventional rehabilitation (n = 20) group received the same conventional rehabilitation plus 30 sessions of innovative hydrotherapy exercises. Voluntary response index analysis was carried out to determine changes in motor control and muscle activation patterns based on electromyographic (EMG) outcome measures. Results: There was a significant difference in the magnitude (MAG) and similarity index (SI) between the two groups at all phases of the functional task (sit-stand-sit) (P < 0.05). Also, both groups showed a significant change in MAG and SI at all phases of the functional task (sit-stand-sit) after the intervention (P < 0.05). Effect size in both groups for MAG and SI at all phases of the functional task (sit-stand-sit) ranged from 2.5 to 4.61 and from 0.29 to 1.7, respectively. Conclusions: The incorporation of innovative aquatic proprioceptive training into conventional accelerated rehabilitation protocol leads to changes in motor control due to changes in the muscle activation pattern after the intervention.
Prevalence of Endocervical Chlamydia trachomatis Infection and Related Risk Factors Among Women Attending Gynecology Clinic of Birjand University of Medical Sciences, East of Iran
Authors: Gahanbarzade Nahid , Ramazani Elham , Yousefi Masoud , Zardast Mahmoud , Zare-Bidaki Majid
Published: June 2021

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections in the world. However, there is no detailed information on its incidence, especially in developing countries where routine laboratory diagnosis is unavailable. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of endocervical C. trachomatis infection and related risk factors among women attending the University Gynecology Clinic of Birjand, East of Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 195 women attending the University Gynecology Clinic in South Khorasan, Birjand. Endocervical sampling was performed in a lithotomy position using a sterile brush. Identification of C. trachomatis was performed by real-time PCR method using GeneProof C. trachomatis PCR kit. Data on socio-demography and potential risk factors for genital infection were analyzed using SPSS software (version 21). Results: In the study, the prevalence rate of C. trachomatis among women was reported 4.1% (8/195 subjects). Statistical analysis showed that the rate of C. trachomatis infection in women was only statistically related to the history of vaginal infection (P = 0.001). Although there was no statistically significant association between chlamydial infection and age, the highest infection rate was in women less than 30 years old. Conclusions: Given the relatively significant incidence of C. trachomatis infection among women, our findings highlight the importance of routine screening and early diagnosis of C. trachomatis to control the infection.
Variability of the lower incisors in the cave bears (Carnivora, Ursidae) from the Caucasus and Urals
Authors: GIMRANOV Dmitry , KOSINTSEV Pavel , BARYSHNIKOV Gennady F.
Published: June 2021

Morphometric and morphotypic variability of the cave bear lower incisors from two different geographic regions (Caucasus and Urals), different stratigraphic periods (Middle and Late Pleistocene), and bearing different mitochondrial haplogroups (kudarensis (Baryshnikov, 1985) and ingressus Rabeder, Hofreiter & Withalm, 2004) was studied. Urals Ursus kanivetz Vereshchagin, 1973 is clearly distinguished from Caucasian U. kudarensis by morphology of the upper and lower incisors. The Urals cave bear exhibits more derived features compared to the Caucasian cave bears. Ursus kanivetz exhibits the largest average size of the lower incisors. The lower incisors of U. kanivetz are clearly distinct from those in U. kudarensis. Also, U. kudarensis specimens display a clear separation from all other groups of cave bears. Morphology of the incisors of the cave bears is clearly different from that of Early Pleistocene U. etruscus G. Cuvier, 1823, as well as from that of recent U. arctos L., 1758 (Rabeder, 1999) and U. maritimus Phipps, 1774. Our results suggest that the incisors of the cave bears are similar to each other and demonstrate a hypocarnivorous adaptation as a major evolution trend in the lineage of Spelearctos group. These adaptation features were perhaps developed in parallel in different lineages of the cave bears (U. spelaeus Rosenmüller, 1794 and U. kanivetz on the one hand and U. kudarensis on the other hand) in the Late Pleistocene.
Algoritem zdravljenja urinske inkontinence
Authors: Lukanović David , Blaganje Mija , Barbič Matija
Published: June 2021

Nenadzorovano uhajanje urina ali urinska inkontinenca je disfunkcija medeničnega dna in se opredeljuje kot vsako nehoteno uhajanje urina. Na vzrok inkontinence vpliva več dejavnikov. Po osnovnih patofizioloških mehanizmih nastanka se v grobem deli na stresno, urgentno, mešano in t.i. »overflow« urinsko inkontinenco. Osnovna obravnava bolnice je kompleksna, saj lahko na simptome in znake teh motenj vplivajo ginekološke, internistične, urološke in nevrološke bolezni. V članku na osnovi literature in evropskih smernic prikazujemo algoritem zdravljenja urinske inkontinence s poudarkom na stopenjskem zdravljenju in na pomenu konservativnega zdravljenja. Šele po izčrpanih možnostih konservativnega zdravljenja svetujemo bolnici kirurški poseg.
In a Football Bubble and Beyond
Authors: Söderlund Ellinor Susanne , Stambulova Natalia B
Published: June 2021

The objectives of this study were: (1) to explore cultural transition pathways of Swedish professional football players relocated to another European country, (2) to identify shared themes in their transition narratives. We interviewed three professional players who in their early twenties relocated to Italy, Turkey, and Switzerland, and then analyzed their stories using holistic and categorical analyses following the narrative oriented inquiry (NOI) model (Hiles & Čermák, 2008). The holistic analysis resulted in creating three core narratives (i.e., re-telling of the participants’ stories) entitled:  Preparing for the worst-case scenario and saved by dedication to football; Showing interest for the host culture and carrying responsibility as a foreign player; and A step for personal development: from homesickness to being hungry for more. The categorical analysis resulted in 12 shared themes from the players’ stories arranged around three phases of the cultural transition model (Ryba et al., 2016). In the pre-transition all the participants were established players searching for new professional opportunities. In the acute cultural adaptation phase, they all prioritized adjustment in football (e.g., fitting in the team, performing). In the socio-cultural adaptation phase, they broaden their perspectives and realized that finding a meaningful life outside of football was just as important to function and feel satisfied as football success.
Quelles compétences pour accompagner des enseignants débutants? Étude multicas
Authors: Vivegnis Isabelle
Published: June 2021

De nombreuses études dans le monde font état d’une insertion professionnelle particulièrement critique, menant souvent à un décrochage chez les enseignants débutants. L’accompagnement, tel que le mentorat, occupe une place de première ligne parmi les moyens pouvant soutenir l’enseignant qui débute dans la profession. Mais, pour assurer un soutien fécond en termes de développement professionnel chez le débutant, l’accompagnateur se devra d’agir avec précaution et aura à mobiliser plusieurs compétences d’accompagnement. C’est un des aspects documentés dans notre recherche doctorale menée sous la forme d’une étude multicas et selon une approche qualitative/interprétative auprès de quatre dyades accompagnateurs-enseignants débutants de l’enseignement secondaire au Québec.
Les pratiques enseignantes pour soutenir les premiers apprentissages de la langue écrite à l’éducation préscolaire : entre l’approche développementale et l’approche scolarisante
Authors: Marinova Krasimira , Dumais Christian , Moldoveanu Mirela , Dubé France , Drainville Roxane
Published: June 2021

Dans le contexte où deux approches s’opposent dans les recherches et les pratiques à l’éducation préscolaire, il est pertinent de savoir si les pratiques enseignantes sont cohérentes avec les programmes ministériels prescrivant l’approche développementale ou privilégient plutôt l’approche scolarisante. Cet article présente les résultats d’une recherche exploratoire, quantitative, visant à documenter les choix pédagogiques dans l’éducation préscolaire au Québec. Un questionnaire a été administré auprès de 159 enseignantes. Il s’avère que la préférence des enseignantes pour l’apprentissage de la langue écrite penche légèrement pour des pratiques scolarisantes. La valeur qu’elles accordent au jeu augmente leur préférence pour les pratiques développementales. Les enseignantes en milieu socioéconomique défavorisé expriment une préférence plus marquée pour des pratiques développementales que celles en milieu favorisé.
Les enseignants formés à l’étranger dans les écoles montréalaises : des interactions qui façonnent de nouvelles représentations opératoires
Authors: Morrissette Joëlle , Arcand Sébastien , Diéhdiou Ben , Sèguéda Saïdou
Published: June 2021

De nombreux enseignants oeuvrent dans des contextes nationaux distincts de leur lieu de formation. La recherche a jusqu’ici négligé de regarder la part jouée par leurs nouveaux partenaires de travail dans leur (re)socialisation à la profession. Cette recherche éclaire comment les interactions au travail sont le moteur de l’ajustement du savoir enseigner d’enseignants formés à l’étranger intégrant les écoles montréalaises. Les résultats montrent que les interactions les amènent à changer leurs représentations de l’éducation, des rapports au sein de la communauté éducative et de la profession enseignante, jusqu’à ce que celles-ci soient viables en contexte. Il en ressort que leurs divers partenaires de travail jouent un rôle différencié dans la socialisation qui contribue à la reproduction des conventions du métier.
Challenges Encountered by Indigenous Youth in Postsecondary Education
Authors: Chichekian Tanya , Bragoli-Barzan Léa
Published: June 2021

This paper explores the need to build a reciprocal partnership with Indigenous Peoples and develop culturally-relevant strategies that foster academic motivation among Indigenous youth. The objectives of this study were to describe education professionals’ perceptions regarding: (1) the challenges Indigenous students face when transitioning to postsecondary education, (2) strategies used to provide academic support, and (3) the different ways of enhancing Indigenous students’ educational experiences. These perceptions were necessary to better comprehend the ongoing progress related to the need for a decolonized education within academic institutions. Although an increasing proportion of Indigenous Peoples are obtaining college diplomas, some challenges remain and are specifically encountered during Indigenous students’ transition to postsecondary education and in the cultural relevance within their learning materials.
Virtual-Physical Tests of Vehicles with Combined Traction Electrical Drive
Authors:   , Dvorņikovs Iļja
Published: June 2021

The Ph. D. Thesis is devoted to the development of a methodology for virtual-physical testing of traction electrical equipment, taking into account the individual design parameters of power equipment. Evaluating the topicality of the dissertation topic, the normative base of traction electrical equipment testing methods has been studied in detail. The dissertation gives a description of mathematical modelling of electrical equipment operation as well as describes the identification of electrical equipment parameters. The developed methodology ultimately allows to determine the functional compliance of traction power equipment to critical conditions that would be possible during operational testing and operation during the electrical equipment design and factory testing stages. The work includes theoretical calculations, computer modelling tasks, and the results of practical experiments.