bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pelvic Floor Muscle Activity in Relation to Body Position and Breath
Authors: Sorfova Monika , Tlapakova Eva
Published: July 2021

The aim of this work was to analyse pelvic floor muscle activity by intravaginal perineometry. We focused on the increase caused by phasic muscular activity, which, on a short term basis, rises above the basal tonic activity. The functional relationships to postural and respiratory function have been confirmed by only a few studies. Therefore, we monitored this functional connection. We confirmed a statistically significant increase in pelvic floor muscle activity at deep breathing compared to calm breathing (in other words at different breathing intensity) in the same position (lying, standing). Our measurements also showed that the phasic activity of pelvic floor muscles in deep breathing is statistically significantly higher than activity after a minute-long run on the treadmill. Cough is a specific situation, whose short-term increase in pelvic floor muscle activity clearly exceeds all other monitored situations.
Mobile Clinics in the United States and the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Response Strategy Model
Authors: Attipoe-Dorcoo Sharon , Delgado Rigoberto
Published: July 2021

Mobile health clinics are critical avenues for reaching under-resourced populations. There are over 2,000 mobile clinics serving 7 million individuals annually. Costs per patient are low compared to stationary clinics. Further, they play a critical role in reducing healthcare access disparities by ensuring healthcare is delivered at the doorstep of patients. However, this model of healthcare delivery is a tool that is rarely considered for dealing with emergencies such as a pandemic. The case of the COVID-19 pandemic illustrates several potential areas where mobile clinic programs can play a critical role. Apart from the role mobile clinics have played in improving COVID-19 testing for under-resourced populations, and the current efforts in expanding their use in vaccinations, there are other proposed initiatives that should be explored. Establishing a comprehensive approach to incorporate mobile clinics in our entire health system, would not only be effective for addressing health outcomes of under-resourced patient populations, but will also contribute to the success of a national pandemic response. Mobile healthcare clinics are a vital part of equitable national healthcare solutions, and it is time to recognize their broader potential, and include them in preparation efforts for current and future health crises.
Degradation and Improvement of Urban River Water Quality
Authors: D. Shahady Thomas
Published: July 2021

The need to understand urban water quality has become a very important area of research and management in the aquatic sciences. Decades of urban development generating high rates of impervious surface, complex networks of stormwater control mechanisms and declining river water quality has created a demand for greater study. In this chapter, issues such as stream bank erosion, flooding, sediment pollution, bacteria and channelization are presented as drivers of the urban water environment. Methodologies and study designs to document these impacts are discussed. Ideas to improve the urban condition such as retrofitting previous development, infiltration of surface runoff, stream restoration, dredging and rehabilitation of lakes and compartmentalization of future development are explained and detailed as ways of integrating the natural landscape features into improvement of our urban centers. Finally, the incorporation of citizen science into adaptive policy is suggested as a solution to regulatory and esthetic/recreational need for improvement.
Physical-mechanical properties and durability of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC)
Authors: Mitrović Stefan , Popović Dragana , Tepavčević Miroslav , Zakić Dimitrije
Published: July 2021

This paper presents the results of the authors' laboratory testing of physical, mechanical and durability properties of Ultra-high Performance Concrete (UHPC). The short history of development and application of UHPC concrete is presented in the first part of this paper while the second part deals with the experimental investigation, presenting the results of material characterization obtained from physical-mechanical and durability tests. Based on the results shown in the paper, the mean value of compressive strength obtained at 28 days is 114 MPa, with the average density of 2270 kg/m3 in hardened state. The results showed that tested UHPC belongs to the highest class of water impermeability V-III, as well as the highest class MS0 (without visible damage) in a simulated freeze-thaw environment and de-icing salt attack test. Also, the highest class XM3 for abrasion resistance was achieved. Additional tests showed that the tested concrete fulfils the requirements for the highest exposure classes XC4 and XD4, in terms of resistance to carbonation and the penetration of chloride ions. Conclusions and recommendations for further development and possible application of UHPC are presented at the end of paper.
New Eurocode 2 provisions for recycled aggregate concrete and their implications for the design of one-way slabs
Authors: Tošić Nikola , Torrenti Jean
Published: July 2021

A significant amount of research has been performed on recycled aggregate concrete (RAC), both on the material and structural level. This has enabled the formulation of material and structural resistance models that can be safely and reliably used for the structural design of RAC members and the new Eurocode 2 (EC2) will contain an informative annex detailing provisions for the design of RAC. Thus, an increased market uptake of recycled aggregate (RA) can be achieved, leading to potential sustainability improvements of concrete structures. In order to familiarize designers with the new provisions for RAC, this paper presents an example of one-way slab design using varying RA substitution ratios, as well as a parametric study on the implications of RAC provisions on slab slenderness. The results of this study show that RAC one way slabs can be successfully designed using EC2. Although such slabs might require larger depths than natural aggregate concrete slabs, their applicability in the typical slenderness range is possible.
In vitro and in silico lipoxygenase inhibition studies and antimicrobial activity of pyrazolyl-phthalazine-diones
Authors: Milovanović Vesna , Petrović Zorica , Petrović Vladimir , Simijonović Dušica , Mladenović Milan , Tomašević Nevena , Čomić Ljiljana , Radojević Ivana
Published: July 2021

The series of pyrazolyl-phthalazine-dione derivatives (PPDs) was subjected to evaluation of their in vitro lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibition and antimicrobial activities. Results obtained for LOX inhibition activities of PPDs showed that all compounds exhibit good to excellent activity, whereby compounds with eudesmic, syringic, vanillic or toluic moiety are the most active. Molecular modelling study was performed to investigate the possible mechanism of action and binding mode of compounds within the LOX active site. Docking results revealed that activity of the examined compounds depends on the functional group ability to create hydrogen bond accepting (HBA) and hydrophobic features (Hy) in the LOX-Ib active site. In addition, all substances were tested for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. The investigated compounds showed better antifungal than antibacterial activity. The highest antifungal activity was on Aspergillus fumigatus ATTC 204305 and Trichoderma viridae ATCC 13233.
Affinity of class I and class III peroxidases for H2O2 in pepper leaves of different maturity
Authors: Trifković Tanja , Hasanagić Dino , Kukavica Biljana
Published: July 2021

Paper deals with activities of Class III peroxidases (POX, EC 1.11.1.7) and Class I peroxidases (ascorbate peroxidase, APX, EC 1.11.1.11) as well as the Km of these enzymes for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the pepper leaves of different maturity. The obtained results suggest that the youngest pepper leaves compared to more mature ones have different strategies for H2O2 removal. There was an increase in APX activity with leaf maturity, while POX activity had the opposite trend, and its lowest activity was observed in the oldest leaves. The accumulation of reducing substrates i.e., ascorbate and total phenols was in positive correlation with corresponding enzymes following leaf maturity. The comparison of POX and APX affinity for H2O2 in pepper leaves of different maturity and their relationship between these enzymes' activities were showed.
Six new hoverfly species (Diptera: Syrphidae) in the fauna of Serbia
Authors: Vujić Mihailo , Đurić Milan , Tot Ivan
Published: July 2021

During a survey conducted from 2018 to 2021, six hoverfly species were registered on the territory of Serbia for the first time: Chalcosyrphus pannonicus (Oldenberg, 1916), Chrysogaster coemiteriorum (Linnaeus, 1758), Eristalinus taeniops (Wiedemann, 1818), Melanogaster parumplicata (Loew, 1840), Merodon testaceus Sack, 1913 and Psilota atra (Fallén, 1817). Data about new records are presented.
The use of renewable energy sources in urban protected cultural-historical ambiences
Authors: Sudimac Budimir , Dubljević Anđela
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study is a consideration of the possibilities for improving of energy efficiency in protected cultural and historical environments of Belgrade, by using renewable energy sources. The study analyzes the possibilities of integration of photovoltaic (PV) modules within the protected area of the Belgrade Fortress, which is a protected historical whole and cultural good of great importance. The work shows the possibilities of application of PV models, in order to provide the necessary electricity for the needs of the public lighting of Belgrade Fortress and the reduction of consumption of conventional energy sources. This paper aims to show the possibilities of the use of sustainable technologies in solving the problems of public lighting and environmental protection in the protected cultural-historical entities. The application of PV structures solves the problem of lighting in protected areas and provides energy from renewable sources. Systems for the use of renewable energy sources are becoming important architectural elements which have specific designed influences on the layout and form of the facility within which are implemented. The study included the specifics of the design and programmatic interventions in protected urban ambiences, through an analysis of shaped influences of photovoltaic panels to the protected objects and their contribution in the use of renewable energy sources.
Micro-utopias in architecture
Authors: Meireis Sandra
Published: July 2021

In recent years, new formats of socially engaged architectural practices have become increasingly present in the urban space. Projects of temporary use, mostly erected by transdisciplinary working collectives, have become part of a broader trend, marking a social turn in architecture. In this paper, these practices are understood as a concrete aesthetic and political phenomenon that brings about alternative forms of social coexistence: micro-utopias arise against the backdrop of urban NEO-liberalisation processes. The history of utopia, and particularly the utopian tradition in architecture, facilitate to put this argument forward.
The 'Hobrecht plan' and the emergence of the urban
Authors: Borsi Katharina
Published: July 2021

James Hobrecht's Berlin extension plan of 1862 and its architectural component, the Berlin block, continue to define Berlin's current urban structure. The urban structure which these graphic documents helped to deliver persisted despite being rejected through much of the twentieth century. Despite its significance, research on the Hobrecht plan is scarce, and many interpret the plan through its historical context. By contrast, this paper argues that the Berlin block cannot be reduced to representations through its urban plan and architectural component. Instead, they provide a specific urban rationality that poses the question: What is a city? Françoise Choay identified a new urban figure in Ildefonso Cerdá's urban theories, a figure that comes to underlie subsequent theorisations of the urban. The paper argues that the Hobrecht plan and its component block can be read as the graphic and spatial counterpart to Choay's textual figure of the urban.
Experimental Impacts of Learning Trajectory–Oriented Formative Assessment on Student Problem-Solving Accuracy and Strategy Sophistication
Authors: A. Supovitz Jonathan , Ebby Caroline B. , Remillard Janine T. , Nathenson Robert
Published: July 2021

In this article, we use a two-dimensional assessment to examine the experimental impacts of a mathematics learning trajectory–oriented formative assessment program on student strategies for problems involving multiplication and division. Working from the theory that the development of students’ multiplicative reasoning involves improvements in both problem-solving accuracy and sophistication of strategies used to solve problems, we designed an assessment instrument to measure both dimensions of student learning. The instrument was used to measure the impact of the Ongoing Assessment Project (OGAP), which develops teachers’ capacity to regularly assess student thinking in relation to a learning progression to develop instructional responses that are based on evidence of student thinking. The results showed significant impacts of OGAP on both students’ problem-solving accuracy and the sophistication of their strategy. The findings suggest that capturing both dimensions of students’ multiplicative reasoning offers important information for researchers and program designers who seek to understand different dimensions of student mathematics performance.
Empreendedorismo criativo: as diretrizes do setor de design de moda em Lisboa pela percepção de produtores criativos
Authors: Pontes Maria Débora Fernandes , Rocha Maria Alice Vasconcelos , Waechter Hans da Nóbrega
Published: July 2021

O estudo apresentado tem por objetivo levantar questões quanto a percepção de produtores criativos e de sua capacidade em participar e se adaptar ao modelo de economia emergente, pautada no desenvolvimento de criatividade e processos autorais de criação de produtos. Para tanto, levou-se em consideração as transformações observadas ao longo da última década, e que apresentaram Lisboa com uma cidade com potencial para tornar-se expoente em inovação e empreendedorismo criativo. A partir de levantamentos documentais de índices econômicos recentes e identificação de iniciativas, marcas e produtores autorais, foram verificados alguns dos fatores que favoreceram o desenvolvimento do setor. Os dados que compõem a pesquisa foram fundamentados em entrevistas com designers empreendedores, cujos discursos forneceram material para posterior análise. A análise da perspectiva dos profissionais participantes na pesquisa aponta para fatores responsáveis pelos processos que contribuíram para a reestruturação da economia.
Creative entrepreneurship: the guidelines of the fashion design sector in Lisbon from the perspective of creative producers
Authors: Pontes Maria Débora Fernandes , Rocha Maria Alice Vasconcelos , Waechter Hans da Nóbrega
Published: July 2021

The study presented aims to raise questions about the perception of creative producers and their ability to participate and adapt to the emerging economy model, based on the development of creativity and authoral processes of product creation. To this end, it took into account the transformations observed over the past decade wich presented Lisbon as a city with potential to become an exponente in innovation and creative entrepreneurship. From documentary surveys of recent economic indexes and identification of initiatives, brands and copyright producers, some of the factors that favored the development of the sector were verified. The data that make up the research were based on interviews with entrepreneurial designers, whose speeches provided material for further analysis. The analysis of the perspective of the professionals participating in the research points to factors responsible for the processes that contributed to the restructuring of the economy.
Fashion, consumption and trends: how television and digital influencers instigate fashion in Brazil
Authors: Souza Teresa Campos Viana , Ribeiro Rita Aparecida da Conceição
Published: July 2021

This article aims to discuss the relationship between fashion and the media and their influence on people's consumption actions. It aims to show that consumption trends are used by companies to endorse the process of buying a product. Such trends represent the inclinations of consumers and may indicate future changes in the consumption of products. The methodology used was a bibliographic study of how the development of the media, particularly television, in Brazil and also an analysis of two advertising campaigns with two different celebrities in order to understand how the endorsement was used by the company. It was realized that using celebrities or digital influencers is a marketing strategy that is effective when it comes to presenting or selling a product, as long as that celebrity has empathy and affinity with what is disclosed.
Ostomia e vestuário: cartilha de desenvolvimento de vestuário para pessoas ostomizadas
Authors: Brilhante Mariana Luísa Schaeffer , Babinski Júnior Valdecir , Carvalho Mariana Moreira , Silveira Icléia , Rosa Lucas da
Published: July 2021

A ostomia pode ser compreendida como uma cirurgia que objetiva produzir um novo trajeto para a saída de fezes ou de urina do corpo humano. Por observação empírica, acredita-se que as pessoas ostomizadas encontram-se desassistidas pela Indústria Têxtil e de Confecção. Nesse sentido, este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a estrutura preliminar de uma cartilha para o desenvolvimento de peças de vestuário para pessoas ostomizadas. Como instrumentos de coleta de dados, empregou-se um levantamento bibliográfico e um questionário roteirizado e semiestruturado com doze perguntas divididas em dois blocos: o indivíduo e seu ostoma e o indivíduo ostomizado e sua relação com o vestuário. Metodologicamente, este artigo pode ser compreendido como pesquisa aplicada, qualitativa, descritiva e de campo. Concluí-se que a cartilha contribui por meio de três perspectivas: (I) mercadologicamente, ao propor orientações à indústria para o desenvolvimento de um vestuário inclusivo; (II) socialmente, ao estimular à pessoa ostomizada a ampliar sua compreensão sobre a condição; e (III) academicamente, por prover expansão acerca da literatura sobre o assunto.
Vloga limfoscintigrafije in biopsije varovalne bezgavke pri začetnem stadiju raka zunanjega spolovila
Authors: Kovačević Nina , Drmota Eva , Merlo Sebastjan
Published: July 2021

Rak zunanjega spolovila je redka maligna ginekološka bolezen, ki v Sloveniji prizadene približno 57 žensk na leto. Zasevki v ingvinalno-femoralnih bezgavkah so najpomembnejši napovedni dejavnik pri lokalizirni in pri lokalno napredovali bolezni. V začetnem stadiju bolezni so le-ti prisotni pri 20–30 % bolnic. To pomeni, da 70–80 % žensk po kirurškem zdravljenju nima koristi od ingvinalno-femoralne limfadenektomije, ki je povezana z visoko stopnjo obolevnosti med in po operaciji (okužba in dehiscenca rane, limfedem spodnjega uda).

Biopsija varovalne bezgavke pri raku zunanjega spolovila je minimalno invaziven in varen poseg, ki ga je smiselno opraviti pri začetnem stadiju bolezni (FIGO stadij IB in II), pri katerem gre za enožariščni tumor, ki v premeru meri manj kot 4 cm, ni pa kliničnih/radioloških znakov za razsoj bolezni v ingvinalne bezgavke. S tem se zmanjša obolevnost med operacijo in po njej pri ženskah z začetnim stadijem raka zunanjega spolovila.
Opgøret med diversitetsdiskurs
Authors: Thorsen Tess Skadegård
Published: July 2021

Ahmed, Sara:Et Ulydigt ArkivForlaget Nemo, 2020, 208 sider. Pris: 240 kr.
Post-demolición: memorias, afectos y cuerpos en conflicto
Authors: Alcantara-Ceballos Yuzzel
Published: July 2021

Este artículo analiza la afectividad de la materialidad arquitectónica en el hacer memoria corporal, modificando experiencias colectivas de pertenencia, a través de sitios geográficos en disputa cuyo entorno arquitectónico ha sido destruido. Se inicia revisando las aproximaciones recientes con las cuales los geógrafos han conceptualizado lo arquitectónico: la teoría del actor-red y la teoría de los afectos, desde las cuales los edificios no son visualizados como objetos inertes sino como performances. Se reconoce que ambas aproximaciones no han explorado lo suficiente la experiencia corporeizada, el papel de la subjetividad humana ni de los encuentros pasados con espacios arquitectónicos en la mediación de los afectos al contacto con arquitecturas y no-humanos del presente. Mediante el caso de estudio de un área fabril mexicana demolida, se muestra cómo los afectos de los restos materiales (atmósferas de destrucción) son intersectados por otro tipo de afecto que reúne la corporeización de encuentros pasados: el acecho. Cohabitar la post-demolición ha significado demarcar fronteras afectivas como límites mentales-corporales que posibilitan a los habitantes continuar su trabajo emocional afectivo ante el acecho del desvanecimiento de memorias y sentimientos de pertenencia a los que la destrucción los confronta.
Epidemiology of toxidermia in Dakar: Study of 200 cases
Authors: Keita Fatimata , Diatta Boubacar Ahy , Coumba Ndiaye , Deh Aminata , Diop Khadim , Niare Ndour , Ndiaye Maodo , Diop Assane , Diadie Saer , Niang Suzanne Oumou
Published: July 2021

Background: Previous studies in Africa have shown severity of toxidermia with a risk of mortality and mucosal synechia. Our objective was to study the epidemiological, clinical, etiological and evolutionary aspects of toxidermia in Dakar. Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Dermatology of the Hospital Le Dantec from January 2001 to December 2015. She identified all of the toxidermia cases of hospitalization in this department. The diagnosis was based on the French criteria for drug accountability. Results: Two hundred cases of toxidermia were recorded. The hospital frequency was 9.2%. The sex ratio was 0.61. The average age was 33 years. Clinical forms of bullous toxidermia were Stevens Johnson/Lyell in 54% (n = 108), erythema multiforme in 3% (n = 6), and fixed pigmented erythema in 2% (n = 4). Mucosal involvement was noted in 56.5% (n = 113). Visceral involvement was noted in 15% (n = 30) with respiratory involvement in 24 cases of SSJ/NET and 6 cases of DRESS. The drugs identified were antibiotics in 38,7% (n = 53), analgesics in 15,3% (n = 21), anti-comitials in 13,1% (n = 18), antiretrovirals in 11,7% (n= 16), antituberculosis drugs in 9,5%% (n = 13) and medicinal plants in 11,7% (n = 16). The outcome was favorable in 62.5% (n = 125). Death was noted in 12%. Conclusion: Toxidemia in Dakar are characterized by predominance in severe clinical forms in young adults and mortality was related to infectious and hydro electrolyte complications.
Angio-eccrine hamartoma: About two cases in Dakar, Senegal
Authors: Kante Mamadou Diouldé , Diop Khadim , Ngom Ndeye Beye , Andriateloasy Solohery , Deh Aminata , Ndiaye Moado , Tounkara Thierno Mamadou , Ly Fatimata , Diallo Moussa
Published: July 2021

Angio eccrine hamartoma (EAH) is a rare, benign tumoral lesion composed of eccrine glands and vascular structures in the mid dermis. We report on two observations in Dakar. Observation 1: A four-month-old infant was seen for an erythematous plaque, rounded, with a smooth surface, asymptomatic, localized to the right thigh, evolving for three months. The clinical appearance suggested a spitz tumour. Cutaneous histology confirmed the diagnosis of angioeccrine hamartoma. Observation 2: The second case was concerned with a ten-month-old infant received for an erythematous, atrophic plaque, localized at the level of the inter-gluteal fold, evolving since birth. This clinical aspect was suggestive of a sclero-atropic lichen. Cutaneous histology confirmed the diagnosis of angioeccrine hamartoma. Discussion: We reported two observations of HAE original by the rarity and the clinical presentations leading to confusion with a nevus of Spitz and the sclero-atrophic lichen. Cutaneous histology was of considerable contribution.
An hourglass circuit motif transforms a motor program via subcellularly localized muscle calcium signaling and contraction
Authors: Sando Steven R , Bhatla Nikhil , Lee Eugene LQ , Horvitz H Robert
Published: July 2021

Neural control of muscle function is fundamental to animal behavior. Many muscles can generate multiple distinct behaviors. Nonetheless, individual muscle cells are generally regarded as the smallest units of motor control. We report that muscle cells can alter behavior by contracting subcellularly. We previously discovered that noxious tastes reverse the net flow of particles through the C. elegans pharynx, a neuromuscular pump, resulting in spitting. We now show that spitting results from the subcellular contraction of the anterior region of the pm3 muscle cell. Subcellularly localized calcium increases accompany this contraction. Spitting is controlled by an ‘hourglass’ circuit motif: parallel neural pathways converge onto a single motor neuron that differentially controls multiple muscles and the critical subcellular muscle compartment. We conclude that subcellular muscle units enable modulatory motor control and propose that subcellular muscle contraction is a fundamental mechanism by which neurons can reshape behavior.
Exosomes mediate horizontal transmission of viral pathogens from insect vectors to plant phloem
Authors: Chen Qian , Liu Yuyan , Ren Jiping , Zhong Panpan , Chen Manni , Jia Dongsheng , Chen Hongyan , Wei Taiyun
Published: July 2021

Numerous piercing-sucking insects can horizontally transmit viral pathogens together with saliva to plant phloem, but the mechanism remains elusive. Here, we report that an important rice reovirus has hijacked small vesicles, referred to as exosomes, to traverse the apical plasmalemma into saliva-stored cavities in the salivary glands of leafhopper vectors. Thus, virions were horizontally transmitted with exosomes into rice phloem to establish the initial plant infection during vector feeding. The purified exosomes secreted from cultured leafhopper cells were enriched with virions. Silencing the exosomal secretion-related small GTPase Rab27a or treatment with the exosomal biogenesis inhibitor GW4869 strongly prevented viral exosomal release in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the specific interaction of the 15-nm-long domain of the viral outer capsid protein with Rab5 induced the packaging of virions in exosomes, ultimately activating the Rab27a-dependent exosomal release pathway. We thus anticipate that exosome-mediated viral horizontal transmission is the conserved strategy hijacked by vector-borne viruses.
Control of tissue development and cell diversity by cell cycle-dependent transcriptional filtering
Authors: Abou Chakra Maria , Isserlin Ruth , Tran Thinh N , Bader Gary D
Published: July 2021

Cell cycle duration changes dramatically during development, starting out fast to generate cells quickly and slowing down over time as the organism matures. The cell cycle can also act as a transcriptional filter to control the expression of long gene transcripts, which are partially transcribed in short cycles. Using mathematical simulations of cell proliferation, we identify an emergent property that this filter can act as a tuning knob to control gene transcript expression, cell diversity, and the number and proportion of different cell types in a tissue. Our predictions are supported by comparison to single-cell RNA-seq data captured over embryonic development. Additionally, evolutionary genome analysis shows that fast-developing organisms have a narrow genomic distribution of gene lengths while slower developers have an expanded number of long genes. Our results support the idea that cell cycle dynamics may be important across multicellular animals for controlling gene transcript expression and cell fate.
The molecular basis of coupling between poly(A)-tail length and translational efficiency
Authors: Xiang Kehui , Bartel David P
Published: July 2021

In animal oocytes and early embryos, mRNA poly(A)-tail length strongly influences translational efficiency (TE), but later in development this coupling between tail length and TE disappears. Here, we elucidate how this coupling is first established and why it disappears. Overexpressing cytoplasmic poly(A)-binding protein (PABPC) in Xenopus oocytes specifically improved translation of short-tailed mRNAs, thereby diminishing coupling between tail length and TE. Thus, strong coupling requires limiting PABPC, implying that in coupled systems longer-tail mRNAs better compete for limiting PABPC. In addition to expressing excess PABPC, post-embryonic mammalian cell lines had two other properties that prevented strong coupling: terminal-uridylation-dependent destabilization of mRNAs lacking bound PABPC, and a regulatory regime wherein PABPC contributes minimally to TE. Thus, these results revealed three fundamental mechanistic requirements for coupling and defined the context-dependent functions for PABPC, which promotes TE but not mRNA stability in coupled systems and mRNA stability but not TE in uncoupled systems.
A novel mechanosensitive channel controls osmoregulation, differentiation, and infectivity in Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Dave Noopur , Cetiner Ugur , Arroyo Daniel , Fonbuena Joshua , Tiwari Megna , Barrera Patricia , Lander Noelia , Anishkin Andriy , Sukharev Sergei , Jimenez Veronica
Published: July 2021

The causative agent of Chagas disease undergoes drastic morphological and biochemical modifications as it passes between hosts and transitions from extracellular to intracellular stages. The osmotic and mechanical aspects of these cellular transformations are not understood. Here we identify and characterize a novel mechanosensitive channel in Trypanosoma cruzi (TcMscS) belonging to the superfamily of small-conductance mechanosensitive channels (MscS). TcMscS is activated by membrane tension and forms a large pore permeable to anions, cations, and small osmolytes. The channel changes its location from the contractile vacuole complex in epimastigotes to the plasma membrane as the parasites develop into intracellular amastigotes. TcMscS knockout parasites show significant fitness defects, including increased cell volume, calcium dysregulation, impaired differentiation, and a dramatic decrease in infectivity. Our work provides mechanistic insights into components supporting pathogen adaptation inside the host, thus opening the exploration of mechanosensation as a prerequisite for protozoan infectivity.
A deep learning algorithm to translate and classify cardiac electrophysiology
Authors: Aghasafari Parya , Yang Pei-Chi , Kernik Divya C , Sakamoto Kazuho , Kanda Yasunari , Kurokawa Junko , Vorobyov Igor , Clancy Colleen E
Published: July 2021

The development of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) has been a critical in vitro advance in the study of patient-specific physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology. We designed a new deep learning multitask network approach intended to address the low throughput, high variability, and immature phenotype of the iPSC-CM platform. The rationale for combining translation and classification tasks is because the most likely application of the deep learning technology we describe here is to translate iPSC-CMs following application of a perturbation. The deep learning network was trained using simulated action potential (AP) data and applied to classify cells into the drug-free and drugged categories and to predict the impact of electrophysiological perturbation across the continuum of aging from the immature iPSC-CMs to the adult ventricular myocytes. The phase of the AP extremely sensitive to perturbation due to a steep rise of the membrane resistance was found to contain the key information required for successful network multitasking. We also demonstrated successful translation of both experimental and simulated iPSC-CM AP data validating our network by prediction of experimental drug-induced effects on adult cardiomyocyte APs by the latter.
First record of entomopathogenic nematodes from Yucatán State, México and their infectivity capacity against Aedes aegypti
Authors: Ávila-López Mariana B. , García-Maldonado José Q. , Estrada-Medina Héctor , Hernández-Mena David I. , Cerqueda-García Daniel , Vidal-Martínez Víctor M.
Published: July 2021

Background

Biological control using entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) has demonstrated good potential to contribute to the integral control of mosquito larvae, which as adults are vectors of diseases such as Dengue fever, Zika and Chikungunya. However, until now there are no records of the presence of EPN or their killing capacity in Yucatán state, southern México. The objectives of the current study were: (1) to report the entomopathogenic nematodes present in Yucatán soils and (2) to determine the killing capacity of the most frequent and abundant EPN against Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae and the microbial community developed by Ae. Aegypti exposed to this EPN.

Methods

The nematodes were collected by the insect trap technique using the great wax moth Galleria mellonella. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS), 28S gene of ribosomal DNA and phylogenetic analyses were performed to identify the EPN. For the bioassay, four concentrations of the most frequent and abundant EPN were tested: 1,260:1 infective juveniles (IJs) per mosquito larvae, 2,520 IJs:1, 3,780 IJs:1 and 5,040 IJs:1. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was used to identify bacterial amplicon sequences in the mosquito larvae infected with EPN.

Results

Six isolates of Heterorhabditis were recovered from 144 soil samples. Heterorhabditis indica (four isolates) was the most frequent and abundant EPN, followed by Heterorhabditis n. sp. (two isolates). Both nematodes are reported for the first time for Yucatán state, Mexico. The concentration of 2,520 IJs:1 produced 80% of mosquito larvae mortality in 48 h. Representative members of Photorhabdus genus were numerically dominant (74%) in mosquito larvae infected by H. indica. It is most likely that these bacteria produce secondary toxic metabolites that enhance the mortality of these mosquito larvae.
Benefit of GARCH Multivariate Models: Application to the Energy Market
Authors: Amrani Madjda , Zeghdoudi Halim
Published: July 2021

This article presents the advantages of multivariate GARCH models. Multivariate GARCH models are identified as the best and flexible models in econometrics. Also, the interest of these models is to be able to examine and analyze the various relations which the various series maintain between them. In order to be able to estimate several financial series to analyze their correlations and transfers of volatility. We present an application on the relationship between the existing volatility in the oil market and the energy market, which we found that the assembly performance of the BEKK-GARCH form is better than that of other models.
Assessment of Stress Tolerant Rice Varieties under Rain Fed Condition in North Eastern Ghat of Odisha
Authors: Mangaraj S. , Sahu S. , Panda P. K. , Rahman F. H. , Bhattacharya R. , Patri D. , Mishra P. J. , Phonglosa A. , Satapathy S. K.
Published: July 2021

A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2019 at NICRA villages viz. Nada, Chikili and Chopara of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Ganjam1 through technology demonstration to analyse the performance of stress tolerant rice varieties under rainfed condition. Three different drought tolerant rice varieties i.e. MTU-1010, Sahabhagidhan and Swarna Shreya with ten replications were taken in random block design with improved package of practices compared to farmers’ practice. The results of technology demonstration revealed that growing of Swarna Shreya recorded higher growth parameters compared to other treatments with ten days delayed maturity. Improved practice of Swarna Shreya (T3) recorded higher number of filled grains panicle-1 (135.4±5.41), spikelet fertility (95.0±0.33 %), panicle length (24.8±1.45 cm) and 1000 grain weight (25.7±0.52 g) compared to other two treatments. Significantly higher grain yield (3588±169.5 kg   ha-1) and straw yield (7591±236.9 kg ha-1) were recorded compared to farmers’ practice (2632±125.1 kg ha-1 and 5934±366.4 kg ha-1, respectively). Swarna Shreya recorded higher gross return (Rs 67037±2980.2 ha-1), net return (Rs 37037±2980.2 ha-1), B: C ratio (2.23±0.20) and profitability (Rs. 101.5±8.16 ha-1 days) with as compared to farmers’ practice of growing MTU 1010.
Therapeutic Role of Nitric Oxide in Diabetic Wound Healing: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chavhan Mayur Meghashyam , Gadhave Ranjit Vinayak , Ozarde Yogita Sachin , Choudhari Ganesh Bhaurao
Published: July 2021

Post injury, healing of wound is essential for recovery of uprightness of the body, which is one of the complex, continuous and unanticipated chains of events in case of diabetic patients. Nitric oxide represents a potential wound therapeutic agent due to its ability to regulate inflammation and eradicate bacterial infections. Impaired wound healing is a prominent diabetic complication which may lead to amputations also. In addition to modern medicines we can use nitric oxide therapy prominently for diabetic wound healing. Prominent and proven role of nitric oxide as well as conventional materials (like metformin and hydrogen sulphide, whey proteins, acidified nitrile etc), therapies (like low level laser therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy etc) and techniques (like in vivo implants with biosensors) can be taken into consideration. Many plant extracts showed promising results for wound healing activity by increasing nitric oxide levels. Use of modern technologies such as implant with biosensor and technique like sonic head hog gene are available for diabetic wound healing using Nitric oxide. In this review, an attempt has been made to compile comprehensive updated information of role of nitric oxide in diabetic wound healing, which may be exploited by focusing more on development of effective strategies to treat diabetes-associated wound.
Impact of Physical Therapy on a Patient with Bell’s Palsy: A Case Report
Authors: Deshmukh Nikita S. , Kannao Vaidehi V. , Phansopkar Pratik , Wadhokar Om C.
Published: July 2021

Affecting the seventh cranial nerve, known as Bell's palsy and its neuropathy.  It is a disfiguring disorder with significant impact on patient’s physical mental and social health. It is normally caused by inflammation caused by traumatic, infectious, inflammatory or compressive conditions, and cranial nerve edema may lead to compression and eventual ischemia. In comparison with the central cause peripheral cause leads to more serious form of Bell’s palsy. The symptoms usually include reduced production of tears, altered taste, facial pain, otalgia and aural pressure. the recovery is usually complete while in some cases incomplete recovery is seen. For treating Bell’s palsy a multidisciplinary approach is required to completely return back to normal. A case of female patient whose age 43 year old came to the right hemifacial palsy department has been identified. There was a affected movement of right side eyebrows and affected right forehead movement during clinical evaluation, spontaneously opening and closing of the right eye, difficulty to close the right eye. No conclusive etiology could be traced out after a series of investigations, hence diagnosed as right side Bell’s palsy. We address the clinical characteristics and modalities of care for Bell’s palsy in this article. Education, facial muscle strengthening exercise, eye defense exercises, modalities and acupuncture were included in the physiotherapy intervention.
iRGD‐modified exosomes effectively deliver CPT1A siRNA to colon cancer cells, reversing oxaliplatin resistance by regulating fatty acid oxidation
Authors: Lin Dan , Zhang Haiyang , Liu Rui , Deng Ting , Ning Tao , Bai Ming , Yang Yuchong , Zhu Kegan , Wang Junyi , Duan Jingjing , Ge Shaohua , Sun Bei , Ying Guoguang , Ba Yi
Published: July 2021

Fatty acid oxidation (FAO) plays a vital role in drug resistance in cancer cells. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), a key enzyme of FAO, is widely recognized as an emerging therapeutic target. Here, we confirmed that CPT1A was heterogeneously expressed in colon cancer cells, with a high expression in oxaliplatin‐resistant cells but low expression in oxaliplatin‐sensitive cells, and expression could be increased by oxaliplatin stimulation. In addition, we verified that CPT1A was more highly expressed in colon cancer tissues than in noncancerous tissues. Silencing CPT1A by siRNA or etomoxir, a specific small‐molecule inhibitor of CPT1A, could reverse the sensitivity of drug‐resistant colon cancer cells to oxaliplatin. Subsequently, the combination of oxaliplatin with CPT1A inhibition promoted apoptosis and inhibited proliferation. In addition, exosomes were generated with the iRGD peptide on the surface, which showed highly efficient targeting compared with control exosomes in vivo. Furthermore, we loaded and therapeutically applied iRGD‐modified exosomes with siCPT1A to specifically deliver siCPT1A into tumours to suppress FAO. As a consequence, iRGD‐modified exosomes showed the significant inhibition of CPT1A in tumour tissues and exhibited the ability to reverse oxaliplatin resistance and inhibit tumour growth by inhibiting FAO with high safety in vivo.
Mobile methadone now approved for licensed OTPs
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: July 2021

The Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP), Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) issued the final rule allowing methadone to be dispensed from mobile units last week. The methadone treatment programs were elated.
Patient on opioid faces charges in Alabama for not disclosing pregnancy to M.D.
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: July 2021

Legal advocates for an Alabama mother with chronic back pain accuse a county prosecutor of ignoring science in pursuing charges against the woman after she received an opioid prescription refill during her most recent pregnancy.
From no use to frequent drinking: Brain problems in teens
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: July 2021

Children who initiate drinking in teenage years, starting with no use and moving to frequent drinking at a young age, are likely to have disrupted normative development in behavioral control, researchers have found. In addition, both severe alcohol use in adolescents and blunted activity in the medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) — which regulates decision‐making — during reward functions may be common factors. Both conclusions were found in a literature review published in the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.
Decomposition of Trace Li2CO3 During Charging Leads to Cathode Interface Degradation with the Solid Electrolyte LLZO
Authors: Delluva Alexander A. , Kulberg‐Savercool Jonas , Holewinski Adam
Published: July 2021

A major challenge for lithium‐containing electrochemical systems is the formation of lithium carbonates. Solid‐state electrolytes circumvent the use of organic liquids that can generate these species, but they are still susceptible to Li2CO3 formation from exposure to water vapor and carbon dioxide. It is reported here that trace quantities of Li2CO3, which are re‐formed following standard mitigation and handling procedures, can decompose at high charging potentials and degrade the electrolyte–cathode interface. Operando electrochemical mass spectrometry (EC–MS) is employed to monitor the outgassing of solid‐state batteries containing the garnet electrolyte Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) and using appropriate controls CO2 and O2 are identified to emanate from the electrolyte–cathode interface at charging potentials > 3.8 V (vs Li/Li+). The gas evolution is correlated with a large increase in cathode interfacial resistance observed by potential‐resolved impedance spectroscopy. This is the first evidence of electrochemical decomposition of interfacial Li2CO3 in garnet cells and suggests a need to report “time‐to‐assembly” for cell preparation methods.
Sculpting Bio‐Inspired Surface Textures: An Adhesive Janus Periosteum
Authors: Yang Yuhe , Xu Tianpeng , Bei Ho Pan , Zhao Yuanjin , Zhao Xin
Published: July 2021

Existing artificial periostea faces difficulty in supporting the entire bone repair cycle due to the absence of adhesion‐centric design and effective cell manipulation, leading to poor inhibition of soft tissue infiltration and induction of osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Here, a Janus periosteum with interior surface adhesion and exterior anatomical patterns to mimic the structure and function of natural periosteum is presented. Photo‐crosslinkable polymers are employed to replicate the exterior anisotropic surface structured microgrooves for cell fate manipulation and assemble gecko‐inspired fibrillar setae arrays for interior surface adhesion. To further bolster its underwater adhesiveness, mussel‐inspired poly (dopamine methacrylamide‐co‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PDMH) is coated onto the periosteum surfaces. This periosteum presents adhesiveness with strong shear and normal adhesion in both dry and wet conditions due to the coordinated interactions of micro setae arrays and PDMH coating; it also boasts effective cell modulation for enhanced synchronous osteogenesis and angiogenesis, without the aid of growth factors. Moreover, the Janus periosteum is found to enhance bone regeneration in vivo with increased new bone formation and neovascularization. It is envisioned that this Janus periosteum will be able to streamline bone fracture surgical repair as a rapidly adhesive, low‐maintenance yet robust bandage to significantly cut down the healing phase.
Recapitulation of Thymic Function by Tissue Engineering Strategies
Authors: Silva Catarina S. , Reis Rui L. , Martins Albino , Neves Nuno M.
Published: July 2021

The thymus is responsible for the development and selection of T lymphocytes, which in turn also participate in the maturation of thymic epithelial cells. These events occur through the close interactions between hematopoietic stem cells and developing thymocytes with the thymic stromal cells within an intricate 3D network. The complex thymic microenvironment and function, and the current therapies to induce thymic regeneration or to overcome the lack of a functional thymus are herein reviewed. The recapitulation of the thymic function using tissue engineering strategies has been explored as a way to control the body's tolerance to external grafts and to generate ex vivo T cells for transplantation. In this review, the main advances in the thymus tissue engineering field are disclosed, including both scaffold‐ and cell‐based strategies. In light of the current gaps and limitations of the developed systems, the design of novel biomaterials for this purpose with unique features is also discussed.