bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Iconic City Thrillers
Authors: Lopes Rui
Published: May 2021

Following Casablanca, throughout the 1940s and 1950s Hollywood produced
a wave of thrillers that sought to capitalise on the reputation of
foreign cities through exciting tales of romance and intrigue. Converting
cities into marketable icons, those thrillers codified the outside world at
a time when the United States was expanding its geopolitical reach. This
chapter discusses how this process of cinematic iconization both elevated
specific cities to myth and limited their meanings by dissociating them
from political processes that did not fit the narratives of filmmakers or
of the external agents pressuring them in the context of World War II and
the early Cold War. It proposes a critical, attentive reading that can make
the films’ omissions revealing in themselves.
Importância da Metagenômica para o avanço da Biotecnologia
Authors: Silva Ludmila Malva
Published: May 2021

Introdução: A metagenômica refere-se à análise do genoma microbiano coletivo contido em uma amostra de um determinado ambiente. Essa abordagem fornece uma visão da diversidade microbiana sem o viés da cultura, e expande o conhecimento relacionado à diversidade genética, estrutura populacional e papel ecológico dos microrganismos. Sendo capaz, de extrair os genomas de todos os micro-organismos presentes nas amostras e, em seguida, sequenciar e analisar os genomas descobertos. Objetivo: Este trabalho procura desenvolver uma análise crítica sobre a utilização da tecnologia da metagenômica, que visa por um lado conhecer melhor a ecologia microbiana global e, por outro lado, suprir o crescente aumento da demanda biotecnológica de biomoléculas. Material e métodos: A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão sistemática da literatura. Os artigos foram selecionados por bases de dados de busca online, Google Scholar, Lilacs e Science Diretc de 2014 a 2021. Resultados: Ao analisar dados genômicos obtidos diretamente de amostras ambientais, é possível conhecer as espécies existentes e extrair informações sobre suas funções. Deste modo, é possível realizar o rastreamento com base nas funções que podem ser usadas para descobrir novas proteínas industrialmente interessantes codificadas por genes que antes eram inacessíveis. A metagenômica funcional tem um grande potencial nas indústrias alimentícia e farmacêutica, onde pode, por exemplo, auxiliar na identificação de enzimas com propriedades tecnológicas desejáveis, capazes de catalisar novas reações ou substituir catalisadores quimicamente sintetizados que podem ser difíceis ou caros de se produzir. Conclusão: Essa tecnologia concede acesso à enorme diversidade microbiana e, assim, proporciona um progresso significativo na compreensão e no aproveitamento desses micro-organismos. Portanto, torna-se uma ferramenta poderosa para a descoberta de novas enzimas e bioativos provenientes de micro-organismos ainda não cultiváveis.
Endoscopic transmaxillary repair of orbital floor fracture
Authors: Vũ Trung Trực ,   Bùi Mai Anh, Ngô Mạnh Hùng, Nguyễn Hồng Hà
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Orbital floor fracture repair is common practical clinic and challenging for most surgeons. Open reduction and internal fixation is conventional treatment for a long time. Recently, endocopy has been using as assisted method with many advantages.
Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study. The author reports first five cases in Vietnam which were reconstructed the orbital floor via maxillary sinus intra-oral approach with endoscopic-assisted at Viet Duc University Hospital from 2016 to 2019.
Results: 5 cases (2 emergency surgeries and 3 selective surgeries) were treated with transmaxillar-sinus intra oral endoscopy for orbital floor reconstruction (2 titanium mesh, 1 absorable mesh, 2 porous polyethylenne mesh). All patients were evaluated with good results both in function and aesthetic aspect. No complication was recorded. One patient has facial numbness (innervated by inferior orbital nerve) but temporary and resolve after 3 months.
Conclusion: The prelimenary results confirmed that transmaxillary-sinus intra-oral endoscopy for orbital floor reconstruction is reliable and safe method.
Key word: Orbital fracture, facial trauma, enophthalmos, orbital floor reconstruction, endoscopic surgery.

Tóm tắt
Đặt vấn đề: Chấn thương sàn ổ mắt khá thường gặp trong thực hành lâm sàng. Điều trị các tổn thương này vẫn luôn là một thách thức với các bác sĩ phẫu thuật. Phương pháp kinh điển là mổ mở vào nếp má mi, dưới viền mi hoặc đường kết mạc. Việc sử dụng nội soi hỗ trợ hay toàn bộ giúp tăng cường khả năng quan sát chính xác của phẫu thuật viên, đặc biệt là với các thương tổn nằm sâu trong ổ mắt, từ đó giúp phục hồi tốt nhất về giải phẫu và thể tích ổ mắt.
Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu cắt ngang 05 người bệnh được chẩn đoán vỡ sàn ổ mắt được phẫu thuật tạo hình sàn ổ mắt với nội soi hỗ trợ từ năm 2016 đến năm 2019.
Kết quả: Có 2 trường hợp được phẫu thuật cấp cứu vì kẹt cơ vận nhãn, 3 trường hợp phẫu thuật theo kế hoạch phục hồi sàn ổ mắt với vật liệu nhân tạo (2 Mesh Titanium, 1 Mesh tự tiêu, 2 Mesh Porous Polyethylene) mở xuyên xoang hàm qua đường miệng với nội soi hỗ trợ. Tất cả các trường hợp đều liền sẹo niêm mạc thì đầu, không có biến chứng nào được ghi nhận. Có một trường hợp bị tê bì vùng má (vị trí chi phối của thần kinh dưới ổ mắt) tạm thời, phục hồi hoàn toàn sau 3 tháng.
Kết luận: Kết quả bước đầu cho thấy phẫu thuật tạo hình sàn ổ mắt qua đường miệng với nội soi hỗ trợ có những ưu điểm vượt trội cả về chức năng và thẩm mỹ.
Từ khóa: Vỡ xương ổ mắt, chấn thương hàm mặt, lõm ổ mắt, tạo hình ổ mắt, phẫu thuật nội soi.
Outcome of arthroscopic subacromioplasty for shoulder impingement syndrome in Viet Duc University Hospital
Authors: Vũ Mạnh Toàn , Vũ Mạnh Toàn ,   Nguyễn Mạnh Khánh, Nguyễn Hoàng Quân
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction: In last years, there was large numbers of patients with acromial disease who were treated by arthroscopy at Viet Duc University Hospital. Among them, subacromial impingement pathology patients were treated by arthroscopic reconstructive surgery of subacromial space. Objectives: Characterize clinical manifestation, diagnostic image and the results of arthroscopic surgery in subacromial shoulder impingement pathology.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis in 59 cases of subacromial impingement syndrome without rotator cuff tear treated by arthroscopic of subacromial space from 2018 January to 2020 January at Viet Duc University Hospital.
Results: All patients were satisfied with the results. The outcome included 98.3% cases with excellent and good result 1.7% cases with fair result. UCLA scale was 32.66 with average follow-up duration of good cases result was 7.44 months.
Conclusion: Arthroscopic subcromioplasty for shoulder impingement syndrome had an excellent outcome. The affected factors included age, occupation, acromial shape types, acromial distance, impairment identified in MRI (eg. Bursitis, bone spur). The unaffected factors included gender, hospitality duration.
Key word: Subacromial impingement syndrome, arthroscopic subcromioplasty, UCLA scale.

Tóm tắt
Đặt vấn đề: Tại Bệnh viện Hữu Nghị Việt Đức trong những năm gần đây có một số lượng lớn người bệnh được điều trị các bệnh lý khớp vai bằng phẫu thuật nội soi. Trong đó bệnh lý hẹp khoang dưới mỏm cùng vai (subacromial impingement pathology) cũng được điều trị theo phương pháp phẫu thuật nội soi tạo hình khoang dưới mỏm cùng vai. Để đánh giá kết quả điều trị chúng tôi tiến hành nghiên cứu đề tài với mục tiêu: Mô tả đặc điểm lâm sàng, chẩn đoán hình ảnh và đánh giá kết quả điều trị bằng phẫu thuật nội soi bệnh lý hẹp khoang dưới mỏm cùng vai.
Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu hồi cứu 59 trường hợp hẹp khoang dưới mỏm cùng vai không kèm theo rách chóp xoay đã được chẩn đoán và điều trị bằng phẫu nội soi tạo hình khoang dưới mỏm cùng vai tại Bệnh viện Hữu Nghị Việt Đức trong khoảng thời gian từ tháng 1/2018 đến tháng 1/2020.
Kết quả: Tất cả các trường hợp đều hài lòng với kết quả phẫu thuật tốt và rất tốt chiếm tỷ lệ 98,3%, kết quả đạt trung bình 1,7%, không có trường hợp nào xấu. Điểm UCLA là 32,66 với thời gian theo dõi trung bình là 7,44 tháng đây thuộc nhóm người bệnh xếp loại tốt.
Kết luận: Điều trị bệnh lý hẹp khoang dưới mỏm cùng vai bằng phẫu thuật nội soi tạo hình khoang dưới mỏm cùng vai cho kết quả tốt. Yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến kết quả điều trị là tuổi, nghề nghiệp, các dạng mỏm cùng vai, khoảng cách mỏm cùng vai, các tổn thương nhận diện trên phim MRI như dịch khớp vai, chồi xương. Yếu tố không ảnh hưởng đến kết quả điều trị như giới tính, thời gian nằm viện.
Từ khóa: Bệnh lý hẹp khoang dưới mỏm cùng vai, phẫu thuật nội soi, điểm UCLA
Evaluation of laparoscopic repair for intraperitoneal bladder rupture at Da Nang Hospital
Authors: Cao Văn Trí ,   Trương Quang Bình, Nguyễn Minh Tuấn, Nguyễn Duy Khánh, Đỗ Văn Hiếu, Trần Trọng Lực
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction: To evaluate results of treatment from our preliminary experience of laparoscopic repair for intraperitoneal bladder rupture.
Materials and Methods: 31 patients with traumatic intraperitoneal bladder rupture admitted to Da Nang Hospital from 1/2017 to 5/2020.
Results: 31 patients with average ages (mean ± standard deviation) were 35.3 ± 9.0 years old. Operation time (mean ± standard deviation) was 67.5 ± 25.5 minutes. Hospital stay (mean ± standard deviation) was 9.5 ± 0.7 days. No intra- or postoperative complications were noted. The successful rate was 100%. Suprapubic cystostomy was placed in (mean ± standard deviation) 8.5 ± 0.7 days
Conclusion: Laparoscopic repair of traumatic bladder rupture should be performed in hemodynamically stable patients without associated concurrent injuries.
Key word: Intraperitoneal bladder rupture, laparoscopy, trauma.

Tóm tắt
Đặt vấn đề: Đánh giá kết quả phẫu thuật và kinh nghiệm của chúng tôi qua khâu vỡ bàng quang đơn thuần bằng phẫu thuật nội soi.
Phương pháp nghiên cứu: 31 người bệnh nhập viện cấp cứu vì vỡ bàng quang trong phúc mạc đơn thuần, được phẫu thuật cấp cứu và điều trị tại khoa Ngoại tiết niệu Bệnh viện Đà Nẵng từ 1/2017 đến 5/2020.
Kết quả: 31 người bệnh với độ tuổi trung bình lúc nhập viện là 35,3 ± 9,0 tuổi; Thời gian phẫu thuật trung bình là 67,5 ± 25,5 phút; Thời gian nằm viện trung bình là 9,5 ± 0,7 ngày; Không có biến chứng trong và sau mổ. Tỷ lệ thành công phẫu thuật 100%. Tất cả người bệnh được rút dẫn lưu bàng quang trung bình 8,5 ± 0,7 ngày.
Kết luận: Phẫu thuật nội soi khâu vỡ bàng quang trong phúc mạc là phẫu thuật ít xâm lấn, có thể chỉ định trong phẫu thuật cấp cứu vỡ bàng quang đơn thuần, huyết động ổn định.
Từ khóa: Vỡ bàng quang trong phúc mạc, phẫu thuật nội soi, chấn thương.
Sistem Absensi Real Time Berbasis Web Madrasah Aliyah Wasilatul Falah Banten
Authors: Wijayanti Diah , Adha Ridwan , Haryadi Eko , Zahra Zahra
Published: May 2021

Abstrak: Jaringan untuk komunikasi data dikembangkan pada komputer dan membuat internet tampil dengan banyak aplikasi. Penyajian informasi yang dihasilkan dari internet sangat beragam dan tergantung dari kebutuhan pengguna. Informasi yang didapatkan pengguna, salah satunya adalah situs pendidikan dari sekolah dasar sampai peguruan tinggi Oleh karena itu dengan perkembangan teknologi madrasah Aliyah Wasilatul Falah Banten merancang sistem informasi absensi real time yag berbasis web. Aplikasi absensi ini memberikan pemenuhan kebutuhan pengguna dalam memasukkan data, mengubah data, menghapus data, mencari data, menyaring data dan mencetak data. Sistem informasi ini dapat menjadi salah satu solusi yang dapat diunakan untuk mempermudah guru dalam pendataan murid, selain itu dengan adanya aplikasi ini membuat pekerjaan menjadi lebih mudah, cepat dan efisien. Di samping itu juga dapat mengawasi pendidikan siswa-siswi dalam kehadiran di madrasah dan membuat orang tua dapat mengetahui proses kegiatan belajar anak-anaknya.

 

Kata kunci: absensi real time, sistem informasi.

 

Abstract: Networks for data communication were developed on computers and made the internet appear with many applications. The presentation of information generated from the internet is very diverse and depends on the needs of users. Information obtained by users, one of which is educational sites from elementary schools to tertiary institutions. Therefore, with the development of technology, Madrasah Aliyah Wasilatul Falah Banten designed a web-based real-time attendance information system. This attendance application provides fulfillment of user needs in entering data, changing data, deleting data, searching data, filtering data, and printing data. This information system can be one of the solutions that can be used to make it easier for teachers to collect student data, besides this application makes work easier, faster, and more efficient. In addition, it can also supervise the education of students in their attendance at madrasah and make parents know the process of their children's learning activities.

 

Keywords: information system, real-time attendance.
Sistem Informasi Penjualan Makanan Dan Minuman Di Wejie Kopi Berbasis Web
Authors: Rismaniah Rismaniah , Widianto Kudiantoro , Setiyorini Tyas
Published: May 2021

Abstrak: Wejie Kopi adalah sebuah usaha di bidang kuliner yang terletak di Kalisari, Jakarta Timur tempat bersantai yang cocok untuk kalangan anak muda. Sistem order secara manual pada suatu restoran atau kafe dapat menimbulkan beberapa masalah. Masalah pada Wejie Kopi yakni sering terjadinya customer menunggu terlalu lama umtuk mendapatkan menu pemesanan karena harus menunggu pelayan memberikan menu pemesanan. Maka didalam menyelesaikan masalah tersebut diusulkan dalam merancang sebuah sistem dimana dalam pemesanan menu dilakukan oleh customer menggunakan web dimaksudkan agar customer dapat langsung melihat menu pada sebuah restoran. Dalam perancangan web menggunakan Metode Waterfall dan menggunakan pemrograman PHP serta format database MySql. Dengan perancangan sistem ini diharapkan perusahaan akan memperoleh beberapa kemudahan dalam proses transaksi yang ada di Wejie Kopi.

Kata kunci: penjualan makanan dan minuman, PHP, mysql, waterfall

Abstract: Abstract: Wejie Kopi is a culinary business located in Kalisari, East Jakarta, a place to relax which is suitable for young people. The manual ordering system for a restaurant or cafe can cause some problems. The problem with Wejie Kopi is that customers often wait too long to get an order menu because they have to wait for the waiter to give the order menu. So in solving this problem it is proposed to design a system where the menu ordering is done by the customer using the web so that the customer can immediately see the menu at a restaurant. In web design using the Waterfall method and using PHP programming and MySql database format. By designing this system, it is hoped that the company will find several facilities in the transaction process at Wejie Kopi.

Keywords: food and beverage sales, PHP, mysql, waterfall.
Model Latent Dirichlet Allocation Pada Perilaku Siswa Menggunakan Media Pembelajaran Daring
Authors: Prakerti Aqila Intan , Claresta Avelyna Ferariya , Kafif Ibrahim Muhammad Rasyid , Rakhmawati Nur Aini
Published: May 2021

Abstrak: Indonesia saat ini sedang dihebohkan dengan yang namanya sekolah Daring. Dimana yang seharusnya sekolah adalah tempat untuk guru dan siswa mengajarkan ilmu dari pendidikan hingga perilaku secara tatap muka dan sekarang karena keadaan yang tidak bisa dihindari maka harus dilakukannya pembelajaran secara online yaitu dengan alat perantara. Permasalahan diambil dari banyaknya siswa sudah mempunyai alat komunikasi yaitu handphone dan berbagai media sosial yang sudah dikuasai seperti Instagram. Dengan maksud untuk menganalisa siswa khususnya di Indonesia, sikap apa yang diambil ketika siswa menggunakan Instagram ketika sedang berlangsungnya pembelajaran secara daring. Didapatkan hasil ketika melakukan Teknik crawling data untuk mendapatkan teks atau caption dari penggunaan hashtag sekolah daring yaitu 120 post dalam keadaan sudah terseleksi dari yang bukan post dari siswa. Bentuk analisa untuk pengolahan data yang sudah didapat menggunakan model Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) yaitu untuk menemukan topik yang mendominasi dari hashtag yang digunakan dengan penambahan fitur Stopword untuk kata yang tidak diperlukan. Hasil akhir dari analisa tersebut terdapat 4 topik yang dominan dan dimayoritasi oleh siswa yang mendapatkan penugasan dari sekolah seperti pelajaran biologi.

 

Kata kunci: Instagram, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), Pembelajaran Daring,

 

Abstract: Indonesia is currently being shocked by the named school Online. Where the school should be a place for teachers and students to teach knowledge from education to face-to-face behavior and now because of circumstances that cannot be avoided,learning must be carried out online, namely with an intermediary tool. The problem is taken from the number of students who already have communication tools, namely mobile phones and various social media that have been mastered such as Instagram. With a view to analyzing students, especially in Indonesia, what attitudes are taken when students use Instagram when learning is taking place online. Obtained results when performing techniques crawling data to get text or captions from the use hashtags, of online school namely 120 posts in a selected state from non- posts student. The form of analysis for processing the data that has been obtained uses the model, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) which is to find the dominant topic of the hashtags used by adding the feature Stopword for unnecessary words. The final result of the analysis, there are 4 topics that are dominant and are majored by students who get assignments from schools such as biology lessons.

 

Keywords: E-Learning, Instagram, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA).
Propuesta de intervención educativa: aplicación de metodologías innovadoras en la enseñanza de Biología con estudiantes del Programa de Mejora del Aprendizaje y del Rendimiento Escolar
Authors: Jordán Muñoz-Adalia Emigdio
Published: May 2021

La enseñanza de ciencias en el Programa de Mejora del Aprendizaje y del Rendimiento Escolar (PMAR) requiere de la elaboración de recursos dinámicos y altamente motivadores, capaces de atraer el interés del alumnado. La presente propuesta de intervención educativa se diseña para dar respuesta a esta necesidad docente. Para ello, se recurre a la materia de Biología como nexo para el desarrollo de un total de tres actividades educativas fundamentadas en el currículo del ámbito científico-matemático de 2.º curso del PMAR. Las actividades propuestas aúnan metodologías de enseñanza innovadoras, tales como el trabajo colaborativo, las actividades creativas, el uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC), la gamificación educativa o la aplicación de rutinas de pensamiento. La intervención se ha diseñado con una vocación práctica, por lo que se describe de un modo que permita su aplicación en aula.
Percepción e intención de voto en la ciudad de Granada, Nicaragua (2006)
Authors: Estudios Interdisciplinario (IEI) Instituto de
Published: May 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 62, No. 706, 2007: 661-680.
La reformulación institucional durante la Federación Centroamericana
Authors: Avendaño Rojas Xiomara
Published: May 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 62, No. 706, 2007: 711-725.
El legado de los mártires de cara al futuro. A los 25 años de los mártires de la UCA y a los 35 de Monseñor Romero
Authors: Sobrino Jon
Published: May 2021

No abstract available.
Revista latinoamericana de teología, Vol. 32, No. 94, 2015: 5-11.
El legado de los mártires
Authors: Falla-Sánchez Ricardo
Published: May 2021

No abstract available.
Revista latinoamericana de teología, Vol. 32, No. 94, 2015: 69-91.
La carta a los Filipenses como un documento salido de la prisión
Authors: Támez Elsa
Published: May 2021

No abstract available.
Revista latinoamericana de teología, Vol. 32, No. 96, 2015: 307-322.
Formation of condensable organic vapors from anthropogenic and biogenic VOCs is strongly perturbed by NOx in eastern China
Authors: Liu Yuliang , Nie Wei , Li Yuanyuan , Ge Dafeng , Liu Chong , Xu Zhengning , Chen Liangduo , Wang Tianyi , Wang Lei , Sun Peng , Qi Ximeng , Wang Jiaping , Xu Zheng , Yuan Jian , Yan Chao , Zhang Yanjun , Huang Dandan , Wang Zhe , Donahue Neil M. , Worsnop Douglas , Chi Xuguang , Ehn Mikael , Ding Aijun
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Oxygenated organic molecules (OOMs) are the crucial intermediates linking volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in the atmosphere, but understandings on the characteristics of OOMs and their formations from VOCs are very limited. Ambient observations of OOMs using recently developed mass spectrometry techniques are still limited, especially in polluted urban atmosphere where VOCs and oxidants are extremely variable and complex. Here, we investigate OOMs, measured by a nitrate-ion-based chemical ionization mass spectrometer at Nanjing in eastern China, through performing positive matrix factorization on binned mass spectra (binPMF). The binPMF analysis reveals three factors about anthropogenic VOCs (AVOCs) daytime chemistry, three isoprene-related factors, three factors about biogenic VOCs (BVOCs) nighttime chemistry, and three factors about nitrated phenols. All factors are influenced by NOx in different ways and to different extents. Over 1000 non-nitro molecules have been identified and then reconstructed from the selected solution of binPMF, and about 72 % of the total signals are contributed by nitrogen-containing OOMs, mostly regarded as organic nitrates formed through peroxy radicals terminated by nitric oxide or nitrate-radical-initiated oxidations. Moreover, multi-nitrates account for about 24 % of the total signals, indicating the significant presence of multiple generations, especially for isoprene (e.g., C5H10O8N2 and C5H9O10N3). Additionally, the distribution of OOMs concentration on carbon number confirm their precursors driven by AVOCs mixed with enhanced BVOCs during summer. Our results highlight the decisive role of NOx on OOMs formation in densely populated areas, and encourage more studies on the dramatic interactions between anthropogenic and biogenic emissions.
Response of atmospheric composition to COVID-19 lockdown measures during Spring in the Paris region (France)
Authors: Petit Jean-Eudes , Dupont Jean-Charles , Favez Olivier , Gros Valérie , Zhang Yunjiang , Sciare Jean , Simon Leïla , Truong François , Bonnaire Nicolas , Amodeo Tanguy , Vautard Robert , Haeffelin Martial
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Since early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to lockdowns at national scales. These lockdowns resulted in large cuts of atmospheric pollutant emissions, notably related to the vehicular traffic source where daily commuting of light-duty vehicles was almost completely stopped in numerous urban areas worldwide, especially during Spring 2020. As a result, air quality changed in manners that are still currently under investigation. Long-term in-situ monitoring of atmospheric composition provides, to this perspective, essential information. However, a robust quantitative assessment of the impact of lockdown measures on ambient concentrations is hindered by weather variability. Basic comparisons with previous years may thus be flawed, especially regarding secondary pollutants, whose concentrations strongly depends on meteorological conditions. In order to circumvent this difficulty, an innovative methodology has been developed. The Analog Application for Air Quality (A3Q) method is based on the comparison of each day of lockdown to a group of analog days having similar meteorological conditions. The A3Q method has been successfully evaluated and applied to a comprehensive in-situ dataset of primary and secondary pollutants obtained at the SIRTA observatory, a suburban background site of the Paris megacity (France). The overall slight decrease of PM1 concentrations (−14 %) compared to business-as-usual conditions conceals contrasting behaviours. Primary traffic tracers (NOx and traffic-related carbonaceous aerosols) dropped by 42–66 % during the lockdown period. Further, the A3Q method enabled us to characterize of changes triggered by NOx decreases. Particulate nitrate and secondary organic aerosols (SOA), two of the main springtime aerosol components in North-Western Europe, decreased by −45 % and −25 %, respectively. A NOx-relationship emphasizes the interest of NOx mitigation policies at the regional (i.e. city) scale, although long-range pollution advection sporadically overcompensated regional decreases. Variations of the oxidation state of SOA suggests discrepancies in SOA formation processes. At the same time, the expected ozone increase (+20 %) underlines the negative feedback of NO titration. These results provide a quasi-comprehensive observation-based insight on mitigation policies regarding air quality in future low-carbon urban areas.
Measurement report: regional trends of stratospheric ozone evaluated using the MErged GRIdded Dataset of Ozone Profiles (MEGRIDOP)
Authors: Sofieva Viktoria F. , Szeląg Monika , Tamminen Johanna , Kyrölä Erkki , Degenstein Doug , Roth Chris , Zawada Daniel , Rozanov Alexei , Arosio Carlo , Burrows John P. , Weber Mark , Laeng Alexandra , Stiller Gabriele P. , von Clarmann Thomas , Froidevaux Lucien , Livesey Nathaniel , van Roozendael Michel , Retscher Christian
Published: May 2021

Abstract. In this paper, we present the MErged GRIdded Dataset of Ozone Profiles
(MEGRIDOP) in the stratosphere with a resolved longitudinal structure, which
is derived from data from six limb and occultation satellite instruments:
GOMOS, SCIAMACHY and MIPAS on Envisat, OSIRIS on Odin, OMPS on Suomi-NPP,
and MLS on Aura. The merged dataset was generated as a contribution to the
European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative Ozone project
(Ozone_cci). The period of this merged time series of ozone
profiles is from late 2001 until the end of 2018. The monthly mean gridded ozone profile dataset is provided in the altitude
range from 10 to 50 km in bins of 10∘ latitude × 20∘
longitude. The merging is performed using deseasonalized anomalies. The
created MEGRIDOP dataset can be used for analyses that probe our
understanding of stratospheric chemistry and dynamics. To illustrate some
possible applications, we created a climatology of ozone profiles with
resolved longitudinal structure. We found zonal asymmetry in the
climatological ozone profiles at middle and high latitudes associated with
the polar vortex. At northern high latitudes, the amplitude of the seasonal
cycle also has a longitudinal dependence. The MEGRIDOP dataset has also been used to evaluate regional
vertically resolved ozone trends in the stratosphere, including the polar
regions. It is found that stratospheric ozone trends exhibit longitudinal
structures at Northern Hemisphere middle and high latitudes, with enhanced
trends over Scandinavia and the Atlantic region. This agrees well with
previous analyses and might be due to changes in dynamical processes related
to the Brewer–Dobson circulation.
Isotopic compositions of atmospheric total gaseous mercury in 10 Chinese cities and implications for land surface emissions
Authors: Fu Xuewu , Liu Chen , Zhang Hui , Xu Yue , Zhang Hui , Li Jun , Lyu Xiaopu , Zhang Gan , Guo Hai , Wang Xun , Zhang Leiming , Feng Xinbin
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Land surface emissions are an important source of atmospheric total gaseous
mercury (TGM); however, its role on the variations of TGM isotopic
compositions and concentrations has not been properly evaluated. In this
study, TGM isotope compositions, a powerful tracer for sources and
transformation of Hg, were measured at 10 urban sites and one rural site in
China. TGM concentrations were higher in summer than in winter in most
cities except in Guiyang and Guangzhou in the low latitudes. The summertime
high TGM concentrations coincided with prevailing low TGM δ202Hg and high TGM Δ199Hg signatures. These seasonal
patterns were in contrast with those typically observed in rural areas in
the Northern Hemisphere, suggesting that atmospheric oxidation chemistry,
vegetation activity and residential coal combustion were likely not
the dominant mechanisms contributing to the TGM concentration and isotopic
composition seasonality in Chinese cities. The amplitudes of seasonal
variations in TGM concentrations and Δ199Hg (or TGM δ202Hg) were significantly positively (or negatively) correlated with
that of the simulated soil GEM emission flux. These results suggest that the
seasonal variations in TGM isotopic compositions and concentrations in the
10 Chinese cities were likely controlled by land surface emissions that
were observed or reported with highly negative δ202Hg
signatures.
Deriving column-integrated thermospheric temperature with the N2 Lyman–Birge–Hopfield (2,0) band
Authors: Cantrall Clayton , Matsuo Tomoko
Published: May 2021

Abstract. This paper presents a new technique to derive thermospheric temperature from space-based disk observations of far ultraviolet airglow. The technique, guided by findings from principal component analysis of synthetic daytime LBH disk emissions, uses a ratio of the emissions in two spectral channels that together span the Lyman–Birge–Hopfield (LBH) (2,0) band to determine the change in band shape with respect to a change in the rotational temperature of N2. The benefits of the two-channel ratio approach include an elimination of representativeness error as absolute LBH intensities are not required in the derivation procedure and a reduced impact of systematic measurement error caused by variations in the instrumental performance across the LBH band system as a fully resolved system is also not required. It is shown that the derived temperature should, in general, be interpreted as a column-integrated property as opposed to a temperature at a specified altitude without utilization of a priori information of the thermospheric temperature profile. The two-channel ratio approach is demonstrated using NASA GOLD Level 1C disk emission data for the period of 2–8 November 2018 during which a small geomagnetic storm has occurred. Due to the lack of independent thermospheric temperature observations, the efficacy of the approach is validated through comparisons of the column-integrated temperature derived from GOLD Level 1C data with version 2 of the GOLD Level 2 temperature product as well as temperatures from first principle and empirical models. The storm-time thermospheric response manifested in the column-integrated temperature is also shown to corroborate well with hemispherically integrated Joule heating rates, ESA SWARM mass density at 460 km, and GOLD Level 2 column O / N2 ratio.
The half-order energy balance equation – Part 2: The inhomogeneous HEBE and 2D energy balance models
Authors: Lovejoy Shaun
Published: May 2021

Abstract. In Part 1, I considered the zero-dimensional heat
equation, showing quite generally that conductive–radiative surface
boundary conditions lead to half-ordered derivative relationships between
surface heat fluxes and temperatures: the half-ordered energy balance
equation (HEBE). The real Earth, even when averaged in time over the
weather scales (up to ≈ 10 d), is highly heterogeneous. In
this Part 2, the treatment is extended to the horizontal direction. I first consider a homogeneous Earth but with spatially varying forcing on both a plane and on the sphere: the new equations are compared with the canonical 1D Budyko–Sellers equations. Using Laplace and Fourier techniques, I derive the generalized HEBE (the GHEBE) based on half-ordered space–time operators. I analytically solve the homogeneous GHEBE and show how these operators can be given precise interpretations. I then consider the full inhomogeneous problem with horizontally varying
diffusivities, thermal capacities, climate sensitivities, and forcings. For
this I use Babenko's operator method, which generalizes Laplace and Fourier
methods. By expanding the inhomogeneous space–time operator at both high and
low frequencies, I derive 2D energy balance equations that can be used for
macroweather forecasting, climate projections, and studying the approach
to new (equilibrium) climate states when the forcings are all increased and
held constant.
Two new species of the family Rhynchitidae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) from Eocene Baltic amber, with key to species and assumed trophic relationships
Authors: Bukejs Andris , Legalov Andrei A.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Two new fossil species of Baltocar Kuschel, 1992 and Pseudomesauletes Legalov, 2001 (Curculionoidea: Rhynchitidae) are described from Eocene Baltic amber. Baltocar sontagae sp. nov. is similar to B. groehni Riedel, 2012 but differs in the shorter rostrum, tarsomere 1 shorter than tarsomere 5 and 1.4× as long as tarsomere 2, longer elytra, and shorter body. Pseudomesauletes lobanovi sp. nov. is similar to P. culex (Scudder, 1893) and P. ibis (Wickham, 1912): the new species differs from P. culex in the larger eyes, longer pronotum, being 0.44× shorter than elytra, and slightly smaller body size; from P. ibis it differs in the smaller body size, rostrum shorter than elytra, and weakly convex pronotum. This is the first record of Pseudomesauletes from Baltic amber and the sixth species of Baltocar. Keys to species of the genus Baltocar and to the Eocene species of the genus Pseudomesauletes are given. Assumed trophic relationships of these fossil taxa are discussed (urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:260EBE6E-DA6C-4D6D-A1D2-2C258224622F).
Future-making in Burkina Faso: ordering and materializing temporal relations in the Bagré Growth Pole Project
Authors: Hauer Janine
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Visions for the future drive current practices and shape daily lives. Recently, the future has also become a ubiquitous theme in the social sciences. Starting from the observation that the future serves as an explanation and legitimization for the doings and sayings of different groups of actors involved in the Bagré Growth Pole Project in Burkina Faso, this paper offers an analysis of two instantiations of future-making. Based on 9 months of ethnographic fieldwork in Burkina Faso, I examine how the future is addressed and made by ordering and materializing temporal relations. In the first part, I focus on how the past–present–future triad is constantly cut, the past blanked and the future prioritized. I argue that this imperative of the future serves to silence contestations and conflicts from which possibly alternative futures could be derived. In the second part, I turn to the material dimension of future-making through infrastructure construction and maintenance. Infrastructuring in Bagré permanently alters landscapes and creates “as-if” spaces, thereby producing path dependencies that will channel future possibilities of living in the area. Shedding light on how specific futures are (un)made in practice provides a lens which may inform discussions about alternative and eventually more just futures.
Causes of uncertainties in the representation of the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone in CMIP5 models
Authors: Schmidt Henrike , Getzlaff Julia , Löptien Ulrike , Oschlies Andreas
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Open ocean oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) occur in regions with high biological productivity and weak ventilation. They restrict marine habitats and alter biogeochemical cycles. Global models show generally a large model-data misfit with regard to oxygen. Reliable statements about their future development and the quantification of their interaction with climate change are currently not possible. One of the most intense OMZs is located in the Arabian Sea (AS). We give an overview of the main model deficiencies with a detailed comparison of the historical state of ten climate models from the 5th coupled model intercomparison project (CMIP5) that present our present-day understanding of physical and biogeochemical processes. Considering a threshold of 60 μmol l−1, we find a general underestimation of the OMZ volume in the AS compared to observations, that is caused by a too shallow layer of oxygen-poor water in the models. The deviation of oxygen values in the deep AS is the result of subduction of higher oxygenated waters in the Southern Ocean in the models compared to observations. In addition, model deficiencies related to the coarse resolution of the abyssal ocean, are identified in the deep water mass transport from the Southern Ocean northward into the AS. Differences in simulated water mass properties and ventilation rates of Red Sea Water and Persian Gulf Water cause different mixing in the AS and thus influence the intensity of the OMZ. These differences also point towards variations in the parametrisations of the overflow from the marginal seas among the models. The results of this study are intended to foster future model improvements regarding the OMZ in the AS.
Multi-array analysis of volcano-seismic signals at Fogo and Brava, Cape Verde
Authors: Leva Carola , Rümpker Georg , Wölbern Ingo
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Seismic arrays provide tools for the localization of events without clear phases or events outside of the network, where the station coverage prohibits classical localization techniques. Beamforming allows the determination of the direction (backazimuth) and the horizontal (apparent) velocity of an incoming wavefront. Here we combine multiple arrays to retrieve event epicenters from the area of intersecting beams without the need to specify a velocity model. The analysis is performed in the time-domain, which allows to select a relatively narrow time window around the phase of interest while preserving frequency bandwidth. This technique is applied to earthquakes and hybrid events in the region of Fogo and Brava, two islands of the southern chain of the Cape Verde archipelago. The results show that the earthquakes mainly originate near Brava whereas the hybrid events are located on Fogo. By multiple-event beam-stacking we are able to further constrain the locations of the hybrid events in the north-western part of the collapse scar of Fogo. In previous studies, these events were attributed to shallow hydrothermal processes. However, we obtain relatively high apparent velocities at the arrays, pointing to either deeper sources or to complex ray paths. For a better understanding of possible errors of the multi-array analysis, we also compare slowness values obtained from the array analysis with those derived from earthquake locations from classical (local network) localizations. In general, the results agree well, however, the arrays also show some aberrations that can be quantified for certain event locations.
Inovasi Pendidikan : Upaya Penyelesaian Masalah Reproduksi Kelas Sosial Pada Sistem Pendidikan Di SMA Santo Yosef Pangkalpinang
Authors: Meipiani Citra Ayu , Febriani Luna , Cholilah Jamilah
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang inovasi di bidang pendidikan dalam upaya penyelesaian masalah reproduksi kelas sosial pada sistem pendidikan di SMA Santo Yosef Pangkalpinang. Fokus penelitian ini membahas tentang bagaimana proses terjadinya reproduksi kelas sosial pada sistem pendidikan di SMA Santo Yosef Pangkalpinang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah melalui observasi, wawancara dengan 30 informan dan dokumentasi. Teori yang digunakan untuk menganalisis penelitian adalah teori Praktik Sosial oleh Pierre Bourdieu yang memuat tiga konsep kunci yaitu habitus, ranah dan modal. Habitus disekolah mempengaruhi siswa dalam berkontestasi di dalam ranah yakni sekolah dengan mengeluarkan seluruh modal yang mereka punya, baik itu modal ekonomi, sosial, budaya, maupun simbolik agar dapat memperjuangkan kelas sosial mereka didalam ranah/arena. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat berbagai kebijakan sekolah yang termuat dalam proses pendidikan disekolah mencerminkan adanya proses reproduksi kelas sosial yang terjadi disekolah. Proses reproduksi kelas sosial tersebut terwujud dalam proses Penerimaan Peserta Didik Baru (PPDB), Kegiatan Belajar Mengajar (KBM), dan hasil lulusan sekolah
Development of Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Pattern (EDIP) scores with Different Food Groups and Biomarkers
Authors: Guyonnet Emma , Amankwah Millicent , Chen Yalei , Martini Rachel , Davis Melissa , Newman Lisa
Published: May 2021

Background: The empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) is a hypothesis-driven dietary pattern used to assess the inflammatory potential of diet in the US population. Food-frequency questionnaire responses are used to build regression models comparing this dietary information to circulating inflammatory profiles, to help determine which food groups have more or less inflammatory potential on specific individuals. We will eventually use this tool in a cancer patient intervention to modify inflammation and improve chances of survival.

Methods: EDIP scores were calculated for 4 models from 24hr recalls reported by 67 women noncancer controls that had signed an informed consent prior to participation. The Luminex Human Chemokine Multiplex Assay was used to measure 11 chemokines and cytokines. As seen in previous studies, we first derived a model, EDIP-Limited (EDIP-L), by using a reduced rank regression model of all 17 food groups followed by a multivariable regression analysis to identify a dietary pattern that predicts concentrations of two inflammatory biomarkers: IL-6 and TNF-a. We derived a secondary EDIP score using a new model, EDIP-All Inclusive (EDIP-AI), which included the same 17 food groups to predict all 11 circulating biomarkers in our panel. Lastly, we developed two additional EDIP models to test how the biomarker predication may change when we regrouped our food variables from 17 to 14 groupings. EDIP-Limited New (EDIP-LN) used 14 new food groups derived from the same 24hr recalls, only predicting IL-6 and TNF-a. EDIP-All New (EDIP-AN) used those same 14 food groups with all 11 biomarkers.

Results: In this study, we optimize models for EDIP and report the differences in EDIP scores based on the inflammatory biomarkers and food groups used in analysis. Briefly, the components of EDIP-L were not significant. After including all the biomarkers, the components of EDIP-AI were: “fruit juice” (p = 0.0009), “snacks” (p = 0.0008), “leafy green vegetables” (p = 0.0074), “low-energy beverages” (p = 0.0098), “red meat” (p = 0.0038), “fruit” (p = 0.0002) and “whole wheat grains” (p = 0.0138). Similarly, after reorganizing our food items into 14 food groups, the components of EDIP-LN were not significant. However, components of EDIP-AN were: “fruit juice” (p = 0.0107), “snacks” (p = 0.0116) and “fruit” (p = 0.0026).

Conclusions: Findings demonstrate the EDIP scores differ based on the inflammatory biomarkers and food groups used in the analysis on the same noncancer controls. Depending on the methods used, an individual’s diet may be considered more pro- or anti-inflammatory. This study provides insight into the inflammatory potential of an individual’s diet and the factors that may affect how we calculate this potential.
Expanding African Queer Visual Activism Within and Beyond the Continent
Authors: Maco Jazmin
Published: May 2021

This article examines the origin of the term “visual activism” in the context of post-independence South Africa, and further reflects on its development in response to anti-gay legislation in contemporary Nigeria and Uganda. The emergence of an explicitly queer strain of visual activism on the continent was sanctioned by South Africa’s pro-gay Constitution and propagated by the works of photographer Zanele Muholi. Whereas South Africa’s sociopolitical context has permitted the expression of queer visual activism through forms of photography and documentary media in Nigeria and Uganda, this expression has been routinely monitored and suppressed by such policies as the Same-Sex Marriage (Prohibition) Bill (SSMPA) and the Anti-Homosexuality Bill, respectively. This study specifically references the works of South African Muholi in conversation with those of Nigerian-American Adejoke Tugbiyele and Ugandan native Leilah Babirye as a means to articulate how these punitive national policies have forced contemporary queer visual activists to adopt expressive rather than representational forms of visual protest. This paper identifies a distinct difference in epistemological origin, aesthetic composition, and formal materiality across the practices of Muholi, Tugbiyele, and Babirye in order to explore the multiplicity of the genre as well as broaden conventional conceptions of African queer visual activism.
A Morality of Mendacity: The Southern Aristocratic Code of Honor in Tennessee Williams's A Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
Authors: Ferrante Catherine
Published: May 2021

Tennessee Williams’s A Cat on a Hot Tin Roof centers Brick Pollitt; he is filled with disgust because he feels that he is a truthful man surrounded by liars and schemers. Each character has a different concept of truth and morality, Brick's being the most rigid in definition, and it is this rigidity that causes Brick’s personal crisis. By exploring Satrean existentialism, the foundations of Brick’s crisis are revealed as rooted in an inability to act in alignment with his preconceived identity. Intersecting this personal crisis is America’s idealized conception of childhood homoeroticism as well as Alfred Kinsey’s study Sexual Behavior in the Human Male, both of which inform Brick’s relationship with his late best friend. Brick rejects the social world instead of accepting complication, but is still asked to participate in his family structure. His wife and his father simultaneously uphold and subvert the strict structures of the American South; they find ways to accept complication in their own lives, especially when finding themselves in a socially marginalized position. While Brick’s privilege has protected him from facing the painful yet necessary complexities of being alive, Maggie and Big Daddy accept truth as subjective and make space for human complexity.
Evaluation of Approaches and Knowledge Levels of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Physicians in Diagnosis and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Authors: Akaslan Kara Aybüke , Arıkan Kamile , Böncüoğlu Elif , Kıymet Elif , Şahinkaya Şahika , Bayram Nuri , Devrim İlker
Published: May 2021

Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the approaches and knowledge levels of pediatric infectious diseases research workers and pediatricians in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis under the guidelines updated by the Ministry of Health in 2019. Method: This survey is a descriptive study applied to pediatric infectious diseases research workers and pediatricians. In the study, a questionnaire form prepared by researchers consisting of questions about sociodemographic features (n: 5), knowledge level about tuberculosis (n: 20), experience and approaches (n: 13) was used. Results: Fifty physicians participated in the study. The average age of participants was 36 years, and 90% of them were women. It was observed that physicians participating in the study had sufficient knowledge of tuberculosis. In terms of their experiences about tuberculosis, it was learned that m. tuberculosis culture (86%), acid-fast-bacilli test (82%), chest radiography (78%) and tuberculosis polymerase chain reaction (66%) were used most frequently for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Most common form of non-pulmonary tuberculosis was lymphadenitis (84%), and the most challenging condition in the treatment of tuberculosis was drug side effect (78%). When drug resistance was questioned, it was seen that 60% of the physicians encountered drug resistance, and the most common drug resistance was against isoniazid (54%). The isolation measures applied to tuberculosis patients were single room admission, and use of a N95 mask in 80%, an ultraviolet protected lamp use in 22%, and negative pressure room monitoring in 32% of the cases. Conclusion: In our country, tuberculosis still retains its importance. For this reason, the information should be updated with in-service training on issues such as diagnosis, treatment, drug resistance and prevention methods