bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Procurement and preservation of neonatal porcine cardiac tissue
Authors: Gilbertsen Lauren M. , Goertzen Tara L. , Larson Mallery L. , Pereira Lucelia M. , Bradshaw Aidan S. , Hazan Raney L. , Patyna Georgia F. , Thomas Abigail H. , Scudder Emma S. , Sexton Jennifer A. , Olivarez Jeff , Marre Alyssa M. , Malavasi Lais , Fitzsimons Daniel P.
Published: October 2024

This project’s objective was to develop a technique for procuring and preserving cardiac tissue from a porcine model. Porcine is a rapidly emerging animal model to study cardiovascular disease and has recently been popularized due to advancements in CRISPR-cas9 technology. The technique, originally derived from human heart transplant protocols, involves full anesthetic and analgesic regimens and the use of saline heparin and cardioplegia solution to preserve tissue integrity.
Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibition and improved ventricular-arterial coupling in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Stegmann Tina , Parentin Luisa , Schirmer Stephan H. , Lavall Philipp , Hagendorff Andreas , Laufs Ulrich , Lavall Daniel
Published: October 2024

The study demonstrates that 6-mo treatment with sacubitril/valsartan in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction is associated with increased left ventricular contractility, reduced afterload, and improved ventricular-arterial coupling. Together with reverse remodeling, these changes indicate a leftward shift of the operating left ventricular pressure-volume relationship. These data provide new insights into the understanding of pharmacological mechanisms in the failing heart and may facilitate tailored medical therapy.
Developmental nicotine exposure alters cardiovascular structure and function in neonatal and juvenile rats
Authors: Flanigan Emily G. , Farman Gerrie P. , Dennis Melissa R. , Wollman Lila , Van Den Berg Marloes , Granzier Henk , Banek Christopher T. , Fregosi Ralph F.
Published: October 2024

Developmental nicotine exposure (DNE) induced cardiovascular changes in neonatal/juvenile rats. Relative to controls, females had reduced left ventricular mass and dimensions, while both sexes had increased ejection fraction and fractional shortening. DNE increased calcium-evoked tension in cardiac myocytes, suggesting an adaptive mechanism as resting cardiac output was preserved. Despite normal resting function, these changes may reduce cardiac reserve, potentially compromising long-term cardiovascular health. These novel findings highlight how DNE disrupts cardiovascular development and function.
Diabetes mellitus disrupts lncRNA Malat1 regulation of cardiac mitochondrial genome-encoded protein expression
Authors: Taylor Andrew D. , Hathaway Quincy A. , Meadows Ethan M. , Durr Andrya J. , Kunovac Amina , Pinti Mark V. , Cook Chris C. , Miller Brianna R. , Nohoesu Remi , Nicoletti Roxy , Alabere Hafsat O. , Robart Aaron R. , Hollander John M.
Published: October 2024

Currently, there is no known mechanism for the development of diabetes-related cardiac dysfunction. Previous evaluations have shown that mitochondria, specifically mitochondrial genome-encoded transcripts, are disrupted in diabetic cardiac cells. This study explores the presence of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) such as Malat1 in cardiac mitochondria and how that presence is impacted by diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, this study will examine how the loss of Malat1 results in bioenergetic and cardiac dysfunction through mitochondrial transcriptome dysregulation.
Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Scurvy in a Young Adult With Poor Dietary Habits: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Saeid Lara , Hussein Al-Janabi Moatasem , Hassan Fouz
Published: October 2024

Scurvy, once prevalent among sailors, is now rare due to improved access to fresh fruits and vegetables yet persists in individuals with poor dietary habits. We report a case of a 35‐year‐old male presenting with month‐long, nonpainful, nonitchy lower extremity lesions. A dermatological examination revealed follicular hyperkeratosis, perifollicular bleeding, corkscrew hairs, bleeding gums, and hemorrhagic purpura. Despite unavailable plasma vitamin C testing, scurvy was diagnosed based on clinical features and dietary history. Treatment with vitamin C resulted in significant improvement within 10 days. Inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables causes vitamin C deficiency, impairing collagen synthesis and leading to typical scurvy symptoms. This case underscores the importance of considering scurvy in patients with compatible symptoms, focusing on clinical diagnosis and treatment response when testing is unavailable. Management includes vitamin C supplementation and dietary changes, emphasizing healthcare providers’ role in promoting sufficient fruit and vegetable consumptions to prevent nutritional deficiencies.
Efficacy, Safety, and Influence on the Tumor Microenvironment of Neoadjuvant Pembrolizumab plus Ramucirumab for PD-L1–Positive NSCLC: A Phase II Trial (EAST ENERGY)
Authors: Aokage Keiju , Koyama Shohei , Kumagai Shogo , Nomura Kotaro , Shimada Yoshihisa , Yoh Kiyotaka , Wakabayashi Masashi , Fukutani Miki , Furuya Hideki , Miyoshi Tomohiro , Tane Kenta , Samejima Joji , Taki Tetsuro , Hayashi Takuo , Matsubayashi Jun , Ishii Genichiro , Nishikawa Hiroyoshi , Ikeda Norihiko , Tsuboi Masahiro
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

Angiogenesis inhibitors are known to modify tumor immunity. Combination of angiogenesis inhibitors with immune checkpoint inhibitors has shown efficacy against many types of cancers, including non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigated the feasibility of neoadjuvant therapy with pembrolizumab and ramucirumab, a VEGFR-2 antagonist for patients with PD-L1–positive NSCLC, and its influence on the tumor microenvironment.

Patients and Methods:

Patients with pathologically proven, PD-L1–positive, clinical stage IB to IIIA NSCLC were eligible. Patients received two cycles of pembrolizumab (200 mg/body) and ramucirumab (10 mg/kg) every 3 weeks. Surgery was scheduled 4 to 8 weeks after the last dose. The primary endpoint was the major pathologic response rate by a blinded independent pathologic review. The sample size was 24 patients. Exploratory endpoints were evaluated to elucidate the effects of neoadjuvant therapy on the tumor microenvironment.

Results:

The 24 eligible patients were enrolled between July 2019 and April 2022. The major pathologic response rate was 50.0% (90% confidence interval, 31.9%–68.1%). Six patients showed pathologic complete response. Grade 3 adverse events (AE) occurred in nine patients (37.5%), including three immune-related AEs (acute tubulointerstitial nephritis in two cases and polymyalgia rheumatica in one case). There were no grade 4 or 5 AEs. The transcriptome and multiplex IHC results suggested that tumors with greater CD8+ T-cell infiltration and higher expression of effector molecules at the baseline could show better sensitivity to treatment.

Conclusions:

This new neoadjuvant combination of pembrolizumab plus ramucirumab was feasible, and anti-VEGF agents may enhance the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
A Translational Study of the ATR Inhibitor Berzosertib as Monotherapy in Four Molecularly Defined Cohorts of Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Cote Gregory M. , Kochupurakkal Bose S. , Do Khanh , Bullock Andrea , Cheng Michael L. , Muzikansky Alona , McLoughlin Daniel E. , Cleary James M. , Gao Xin , Parikh Aparna , Park Jong Chul , Weekes Colin D. , Yeku Oladapo , Zou Lee , Shapiro Geoffrey I.
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

Preclinical studies have identified molecular correlates of sensitivity to ATR inhibition. This translational study was designed to test the ATR inhibitor berzosertib in patients with advanced solid tumors carrying alterations in ATRX, ataxia-telangiectasia–mutated (ATM), genes conferring replication stress (RS), or SDH.

Patients and Methods:

Patients were recruited to four cohorts: T1: ATRX-mutant leiomyosarcoma; T2: ATM-mutant solid tumors; T3: solid tumors with mutations in RS-associated genes; and T4: SDH-deficient gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Patients were treated with berzosertib 240 mg/m2 intravenously twice per week. Pretreatment and on-treatment biopsies were obtained in cohorts T1 to T3.

Results:

Patients with SDH-mutant GIST had the longest median progression-free survival (PFS; 229 days) with stable disease as the best response. Patients in the other cohorts experienced progressive disease within 4 months. There was no significant difference in PFS comparing outcomes in patients with/without mutations in ATM or RS genes. Decreased pS345-CHK1 levels in on-treatment biopsies indicated target engagement by berzosertib and were accompanied by substantial increases in levels of DNA damage (γ-H2AX) and RS (pKAP1) markers in a subset of patients. However, these biomarker changes did not translate to clinical benefit. In contrast, in cohorts T1 to T3, increased expression of SLFN11 on treatment correlated with clinical benefit (HR = 0.045; 95% confidence interval, 0.005–0.400).

Conclusions:

Across cohorts, only patients with SDH-mutant GIST experienced prolonged disease control. Despite evidence of target engagement, patients enrolled to all other cohorts had short PFS, suggesting rapid adaptation to ATR inhibitor monotherapy. Among these patients, those with tumors expressing SLFN11 during berzosertib exposure derived the most clinical benefit.
Circulating Chromogranin A as a Surveillance Biomarker in Patients with Carcinoids—The CASPAR Study
Authors: Meng Qing H. , Halfdanarson Thorvardur R. , Bornhorst Joshua A. , Jann Henning , Shaheen Shagufta , Shi Run Zhang , Schwabe Andrej , Stade Katrin , Halperin Daniel M.
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NET) are relatively indolent but can be more aggressive. The current recommendations for using serum chromogranin A (CgA) for patients with GEP-NET are equivocal. This study was designed to validate an automated CgA immunofluorescence assay for monitoring disease progression in patients with GEP-NET.

Patients and Methods:

A prospective, multicenter, blinded observational study was designed to validate an automated CgA immunofluorescence assay for monitoring disease progression in patients with GEP-NET. Tumor progression was evaluated with RECIST 1.1 by CT/MRI. An increase ≥50% above the prior CgA concentration to a value >100 ng/mL in the following CgA concentration was considered positive.

Results:

A total of 153 patients with GEP-NET were enrolled. Using the prespecified cut-off of CgA change for tumor progression, specificity was 93.4% (95% confidence interval, 90.4%–95.5%; P < 0.001), sensitivity 34.4% (25.6%–44.3%), positive predictive value 57.9% (45.0–69.8), negative predictive value 84.3% (80.5–87.6), and AUC 0.73 (0.67–0.79).

Conclusions:

Changes in serial measurements of serum CgA had a favorable specificity and negative predictive value, making this test a useful adjunct to routine radiographic monitoring.
Long-Term Effectiveness of a Quitline for Smoking Cessation: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Delle Simone , Kraus Ludwig , Maspero Simona , Pogarell Oliver , Hoch Eva , Lochbühler Kirsten
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Smoking remains a significant global public health issue, leading to numerous preventable deaths and disabilities annually. Telephone counselling is a recommended intervention for smoking cessation, offering accessible support to a wide range of people who smoke. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of the German quitline for smoking cessation. Methods: A parallel-group, two-arm, superiority, randomized controlled trial was conducted between October 2021 and November 2023. People who smoked daily and were willing to quit received either up to six telephone counselling calls (intervention group) or a self-help brochure (control group). Seven-day point prevalence abstinence from cigarettes and tobacco at 12 months and prolonged cigarette and tobacco abstinence from 3 to 12 months after the start of the intervention were assessed. Further, the use of additional cessation aids was assessed. Results: A total of n = 905 participants were randomized (intention-to-treat sample). The intervention group (n = 477) exhibited higher rates of prolonged cigarette abstinence (31.7% vs. 17.8%) and prolonged tobacco abstinence (30.8% vs. 15.2%) compared to the control group (n = 428) at 12-month follow-up with corresponding odds ratios of 2.2 (95% CI [1.6, 3.0]) and 2.5 (95% CI [1.8, 3.5]). Seven-day point-prevalence cigarette abstinence was not statistically significant (OR = 1.3, 95% CI [1.0, 1.7]). E-cigarettes were the most commonly used additional cessation aid (46.0%), followed by electronic media (31.0%) and nicotine replacement therapy (26.2%). Conclusions: Telephone counselling provided by the national German quitline for smoking cessation demonstrates effectiveness in promoting long-term abstinence from cigarettes and tobacco. Increased awareness and use of the quitline could promote cessation rates in Germany. Given the rising popularity of novel nicotine consumer products, counselling protocols should incorporate information on their risks and potential as cessation tools.
Low-Grade Uterine Adenosarcoma with Overexpression of MDM2 and CDK4 by Immunohistochemistry: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Miyazaki Yumiko , Yamaguchi Aina , Nanbu Hitomi , Shinagawa Akiko , Fukushima Mana , Orisaka Makoto , Yoshida Yoshio
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Uterine adenosarcoma (UA) is a rare malignant mesenchymal neoplasm characterized by benign epithelial and malignant stromal components. Comprehensive genomic profiling has identified a high frequency of murine double-minute type 2 (MDM2) and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) amplification in UA. However, the significance of these genetic alterations in tumor biology remains poorly understood. This report presents a case of UA with immunohistochemically positive MDM2 and CDK4 expression. Case Presentation: The patient was a 72-year-old woman with a history of genital bleeding. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an 11 × 5 × 7 cm mass in the endometrial cavity, extending into the uterine cervix. Biopsy of the tumor showed no malignant findings. The patient underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of benign glandular epithelial components and low-grade sarcoma. The diagnosis was UA stage IA, pT1aNxM0. No sarcomatous overgrowth and no myometrial or lymphovascular invasions were observed. Immunohistochemistry confirmed MDM2 and CDK4 expression in the mesenchymal tissue. No recurrence was observed 12 months post-surgery. Conclusion: The pathological diagnosis of UA was based on histomorphological features. This study demonstrates that immunohistochemistry for MDM2 and CDK4 can help elucidate the molecular genetic features of UA. Further studies are needed to correlate the expression of these genes with the biological behavior of UA.
Kidney and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Older Population with Mildly to Moderately Decreased Kidney Function: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Jeon Junseok , Shin Dong Wook , Park Sang Hyun , Jung Jin-Hyung , Lee Kyungho , Lee Jung Eun , Huh Wooseong , Han Kyungdo , Jang Hye Ryoun
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Although the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing in the aging population, the clinical relevance of the CKD definition (glomerular filtration rate [GFR] <60 mL/min/1.73 m2) in older populations remains debatable. We investigated the clinical outcomes in older populations with mildly to moderately decreased GFR (45–59 mL/min/1.73 m2, CKD stage 3A). Methods: A total of 7,789,242 participants aged ≥40 years with estimated GFR (eGFR) ≥45 mL/min/1.73 m2 in national health screening examination from 2012 to 2017 were included in this retrospective cohort study using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. The main outcomes included kidney failure, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and all-cause death. Cox regression hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios. Results: The proportion of participants with eGFR 45–59 mL/min/1.73 m2 was 10.0% and 16.3% in the old (65–74 years) and very old (75≥ years) groups, respectively. Mildly to moderately decreased eGFR was associated with a higher risk of kidney failure, CVD, and all-cause death compared with eGFR 60–89 mL/min/1.73 m2 in the old and very old groups, regardless of proteinuria (adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] in the very old group without proteinuria: kidney failure 3.048 [2.495–3.722], CVD 1.103 [1.066–1.142], and all-cause death 1.172 [1.144–1.201]). Conclusion: Mildly to moderately decreased eGFR was associated with an increased risk of kidney failure, CVD, and all-cause death in the older population, regardless of proteinuria, suggesting the importance of appropriate monitoring and management in this population.
Eine seltene ND5-Mutation, die die hereditäre Leber’sche Optikusneuropathie verursacht
Authors: Pandya Bhadra U. , Vosoughi Amir R. , Jhaveri Aaditeya , Micieli Jonathan A.
Published: October 2024

Mutationen im ND5-Gen werden selten mit der Leber’schen hereditären Optikusneuropathie (LHON) in Verbindung gebracht. Wir beschreiben einen 57-jährigen Mann mit der Mutation m.13528A>G, p.(Thr398Ala) im ND5-Gen, der sich mit einem progredienten beidseitigen Sehverlust über einen Zeitraum von 3 Monaten vorstellte. In der Vorgeschichte hatte er stark geraucht und Alkohol getrunken. Die Gesichtsfelduntersuchung ergab beidseitige zentrale Skotome. Bei der Nachuntersuchung nach 2 Jahren hatte sich seine Sehschärfe im Vergleich zum Ausgangswert verbessert und es wurde eine temporale Papillenblässe an beiden Augen festgestellt. In der Literatur gibt es nur wenige Berichte über diese Mutation und dieser Fallbericht erweitert das klinische Bild der m.13528A>G-Mutation im ND5-Gen bei Patienten mit LHON-Phänotyp.
mRNA-Technologien im Einsatz gegen Augenerkrankungen
Authors: Strauß Olaf
Published: October 2024

Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) stem from genetic mutations that result in vision impairment. Gene therapy shows promising therapeutic potential, exemplified by the encouraging initial results with voretigene neparvovec. Nevertheless, the associated costs impede widespread access, particularly in low-to-middle income countries. The primary challenge remains: how can we make these therapies globally affordable? Leveraging advancements in mRNA therapies might offer a more economically viable alternative. Furthermore, transitioning to nonviral delivery systems could provide a dual benefit of reduced costs and increased scalability. Relevant stakeholders must collaboratively devise and implement a research agenda to realize the potential of mRNA strategies in equitable access to treatments to prevent vision loss.
Fixation of Skin Flaps after Mastectomy Using Running or Interrupted Sutures for Combatting Seroma: A Protocol for a Randomised Controlled Trial (ANNIE)
Authors: Spiekerman van Weezelenburg Merel A. , Aldenhoven Loeki , van Kuijk Sander M.J. , van Haaren Elisabeth R.M. , Janssen Alfred , Vissers Yvonne L.J. , Beets Geerard L. , van Bastelaar James
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Flap fixation significantly reduces the incidence of seroma formation after mastectomy. Previous studies have compared running sutures, interrupted sutures, and tissue glue application with conventional wound closure. A recent systematic review with network meta-analysis showed running sutures to be the most optimal technique; however, direct comparisons and high adequate scientific evidence are lacking. This prospective trial aimed to directly compare running sutures with interrupted sutures to determine which technique of flap fixation using sutures is superior. Methods: This trial will combine a retrospective cohort of patients undergoing flap fixation using interrupted sutures from a previous trial, with a randomised prospective cohort with patients undergoing flap fixation using running sutures or flap fixation using interrupted sutures. This study design was chosen to acquire a sample size with sufficient power and the ability to conduct this study in an acceptable time frame. The primary endpoint is the incidence of complications requiring interventions, including clinically significant seroma, infections and haemorrhagic complications. Secondarily, the length of the procedure and cosmetic results will be compared. Conclusions: This is the first trial comparing two suturing techniques for flap fixation after mastectomy. Results will be used to optimise flap fixation techniques for these patients to prevent seroma formation.
Performance improvement of the RSM970S radar speed controller of ASECNA, Douala International Airport
Authors: Angon Moussa Bessike , Florence Offolé , Séverin Nguiya , Jordan Moune Cédric , Max Ndoumbé Matéké
Published: October 2024

This article addresses the direct torque control associated with artificial intelligence for the control of the RSM970S radar of The Agency for the Safety of Air Navigation in Africa and Madagascar (ASECNA), Douala International Airport. The radar is driven by two identical induction motors powered by a single inverter. Direct torque control is associated with fuzzy logic and artificial neural networks. The test results performed in MATLAB/Simulink showed an improvement in the dynamic performance of the drive system compared to a conventional direct torque control. There is an overshoot in speed during the steady state of less than 0.955% of the neural technique over the fuzzy technique. But also, an accuracy of 99.58% of the two techniques proposed in this article. These results ensure good precision and stability of the radar in the detection of airplanes in the Cameroonian airspace.
Discrete-time Luenberger observer design for Lithium-ion battery state-of-charge with stability guarantee
Authors: Septanto Harry , Kurniawan Edi , Prakosa Jalu Ahmad , Hafiz Samsul , Atman Made Widhi Surya , Sudjana Oetomo
Published: October 2024

State-of-charge (SOC) estimation is particularly important as it provides information about the remaining energy capacity of the battery, allowing for better planning and utilization. Accurate SOC estimation is challenging because it cannot be directly measured from the battery. Instead, it is estimated by analyzing measurable variables such as current and voltage. To address this challenge, a discrete-time observer-based SOC estimation approach is proposed in this paper. This approach utilizes a second-order equivalent circuit model and a piecewise linear approximation to represent the relationship between SOC and open circuit voltage (OCV). The proposed observer-based approach utilizes these models to estimate the SOC with assured asymptotic stability under specific assumptions to simplify the design process. Simulations in Python are conducted to evaluate the performance of the designed observer. In the simulations, the SOC estimation under various conditions, such as model uncertainty, disturbances, and measurement noise, is also covered. In addition, three different observer gains are considered in the simulations. Lastly, simulation studies indicate that the estimated SOC values converge to the real SOC values, with some different behavior depending on the regarded situations.
Power quality improvement using PV fed series active power filter with enhanced Jaya optimized PI controller
Authors: Mallajoshula Ravikanth , Naidu I. E. S.
Published: October 2024

In this paper, improvement of power quality (PQ) in a distribution system using a PV-series active power filter (PV-SAPF) investigated. The performance of the proposed filter is increased using an enhanced Jaya optimized proportional integral (PI) with indirect current controller (ICC) technique system. In existing Jaya optimization technique best and worst cases were obtained from the whole solutions which degrades the output of the PI controller results more iteration. In case of enhanced Jaya, the proposed one, population from best to worst is shorted first and divide them as two groups best and worst solutions. The best solution is chosen from the best solution group as “Best,” and the best solution from the worst solution group is chosen as “Worst”. This procedure decreases the number of iterations needed to reach the optimal solution. The effectiveness of the enhanced Jaya optimization and ICC developed controller is implemented in the proposed PV-SAPF. To proof its effectiveness different types of loads are taken as case study. MATLAB/Simulink platform is used to do the above research work.
A novel eight-switch nine-level modified ANPC inverter topology and its optimal modulation strategy
Authors: El-Alami Adnane , Majdoul Radouane , Ait Elmahjoub Abdelhafid
Published: October 2024

An eight-switch nine-level modified ANPC inverter (8S-9L-MANPC) is designed and simulated in this paper. With this topology, only one DC voltage source and eight active semiconductor switches are required, significantly reducing system size, weight, and cost. The structure consists of a five-level ANPC inverter cascaded with a two-level leg converter. This arrangement extends the 5L-ANPC structure to a 9L configuration without requiring the use of additional capacitors. To maintain the balancing of the flying capacitor (FC), a modulation strategy using a switching state redundancy-based control method is employed. Recent 9L inverters incorporating flying capacitors and based on a hybrid structure have been compared with the proposed structure. By conducting this comparison, we can highlight the potential improvements offered by the proposed structure over the recent 9L inverters in terms of reduced component count, simplified design, and cost savings. The proposed 8S-9L-MANPC inverter is tested under various operating situations in MATLAB/Simulink simulation.
Reconfigurable voltage source inverter for power factor correction of on-board chargers
Authors: Unni Deepa Machadan , Rajalekshmi Bindu Gopakumar
Published: October 2024

The effectiveness and efficiency of battery chargers are crucial for the performance of electric vehicles. The growing demand for electric vehicles warrants the development of chargers with better power factor, low distortion for the input current and low total harmonics distortion. An in-depth investigation of different configurations of power factor correction converters with the above features reveals the need for additional circuitry with existing chargers. Hence this paper focuses on reconfiguring the existing voltage source inverter of the propulsion motor drive of electric vehicles (EVs) to obtain a power factor correction converter by a novel switching scheme. A bridgeless boost topology is chosen based on the performance analysis of different power factor correction topologies done on a MATLAB-Simulink platform. The simulation results prove that the proposed reconfigurable front end converter improves the input current drawn by the electric vehicle charger and improves the power quality with a low value for total harmonic distortion of 6.56%. A switching scheme is then developed for the voltage source inverter to reconfigure it as a bridgeless boost power factor correction converter. This scheme result in a high value of 0.75 for the component utilisation factor thus proving its effectiveness as compared to existing schemes.
A systematic review on voltage stability analysis in smart and islanded microgrid parallel inverters
Authors: Bangari Sowmya Renuka , Shivaleelavathi Bangalore Gangadharaiah
Published: October 2024

The development of a smart grid depends on measuring and communication technologies and gathering heterogeneous data from micro grid. This enormous data contains procedures and methods that make it easier to use vast data while also increasing computing complexity and security. Given the maturity of power electronics technology, the penetration of distributed generation in both on- and off-grid environments has advanced in ways that have never been seen. Any complicated power system, like the off-grid parallel inverters, requires a stability study that considers several state variables. The smart grid environment's rising complexity and data explosion necessitate more hardware, which raises costs and necessitates additional physical space. An introduction to the special issue on voltage stability of micro grids with parallel inverters in power systems is presented in this review paper. Self-synchronizing inverters known as parallel inverters do not require a reference from the main grid to synchronize with one another. There are several general analytical techniques and enhanced procedures covered. The similarities, functionality, applications, designs, benefits, drawbacks, and general effectiveness are then contrasted. The significant contribution of this in-depth review is to establish a strong foundation for subsequent research in the area.
Optimal sizing and economic assessment of diesel and solar mills for cereal milling in rural areas of Senegal
Authors: Diop Moustapha , Ndiaye Mouhamadou Falilou , Gueye Ibrahima , Kebe Abdoulaye , Dia Omar
Published: October 2024

This paper aims at using life cycle costing (LCC) to assess the economic viability of solar and diesel mills for cereal milling, adopting several scenarios of village sizes in Senegal and time perspectives. This work is intended to provide decision-makers and stakeholders with valuable information for selecting optimal milling systems, taking into account both economic and village size considerations. The methodology adopted is based on system specifications and daily cereal consumption profiles. To determine the economic performance of systems, three types of villages are evaluated and analyzed in detail from short, medium, and long-term perspectives. The results indicate that solar mills are the most economical systems for milling cereals in remote villages in the long term, with a potential economic gain of 10%, 31%, and 41% for small, medium, and big villages respectively, compared to diesel mills. However, solar mills are less promising in the short term.
Low-voltage DC-DC off-grid PV system: various irradiance studies
Authors: Razi A. , Shukor Syahar Azalia Ab , Lee Wei Wen , Hidayat M. Nabil
Published: October 2024

The off-grid photovoltaic (OGPV) system, also referred to as a stand-alone power system, generates electricity from solar energy independently of the main electricity grid. However, photovoltaic (PV) modules face limitations in consistently providing the necessary voltage. Thus, a DC-DC converter is employed to adjust the voltage to match the requirements of the load. This paper proposes a detailed analysis of irradiance patterns resembling in-lab and real-world conditions to address the challenge of selecting the optimal DC-DC OGPV system capable of functioning effectively under standard test condition (STC) and dynamic test condition (DTC), respectively. Three proposed irradiance analyses, tailored to different environmental scenarios, aim to identify output performances for DC-DC OGPV system which are aligning with standards set by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61727. The DC-DC OGPV system is simulated using MATLAB Simulink. Furthermore, comparative studies involving different PV module types and several switching techniques (pulse generator and maximum power point tracking or MPPT implementations), where findings are instrumental in advancing the development and projection planning for medium to high-voltage OGPV systems, contributing to the global initiative for accessible and sustainable energy solutions aligned with sustainable development goal (SDG 7).
PV/T water-based cooling in hot climate conditions by using semi-circle baffles
Authors: Altharwanee Hayder , Jurado Francisco , Vera David
Published: October 2024

PV/T water-based system using multi-row semi-circle baffles (SCB) is numerically investigated. Experimental validation was carried out in hot climate conditions. Factors associated with heat transfer enhancement, like Nusselt number, pressure drop, friction factor, electrical efficiency, and thermal efficiency, were calculated and discussed to show the impact of SCB on photovoltaic or PV cooling and system performance. Six different magnitudes of Reynolds number (500-4000), and mass flow rate (0.0137-0.0998) L/s at different radiation values were carried out in the simulation. Results indicated that utilizing SCB has an important effect on the PV/T system. In comparison to the smooth channel, the average Nusselt number of the enhanced channel increased by around (31.57-132.18) %, and the friction factor increased by (21.93-95.7) % while the thermal efficiency increased by about (16.34-79.29) %. These results indicate the system’s good performance in terms of photovoltaic panel cooling and power production. PV surface temperature reduced by about (4-20) ℃. The electrical efficiency improved up to 32% and 49% for the smooth and enhanced channels respectively. The cost-benefit ratio (CBR) of the enhanced channel demonstrated that there is no detrimental influence of the pressure drop on the thermal performance.
A methodology for performance evaluation and system loss analysis of photovoltaic power plants: case studies in Vietnam
Authors: Truong Le Phuong , Tri Bui Van , Long Le Phuong
Published: October 2024

This study presents a methodology for performance evaluation and loss analysis of two photovoltaic (PV) power plants in Vietnam with different geographical locations and climatic conditions. An experimental methodology is utilized to analyze the system losses. Data was collected from the BIM2 (250 MWp) and Buon Ma Thuot (35 MWp) plants. The results show that system losses do not exceed 1.3%, with performance rates ranging from 73-79% for BIM2 and 74-88% for Buon Ma Thuot. Correlation analysis between module operating temperature, solar irradiance, and energy yield reveals an inverse relationship between the temperature-irradiance ratio and energy yield. A considerable decline in power plant efficiency is observed when this ratio exceeds 8. Additionally, vital monitored indices for PV plant operation are investigated, including energy supplied to the grid, PV array temperature, ambient temperature, and loss metrics.
Silbato: Linking Female Officers to Community Traffic Rules and Regulations
Authors: Sierto Maricel E. , Navarro Ricky J.
Published: October 2024

The study’s primary goal is to identify the struggles faced by female traffic officers with the implementation of community rules and regulations and how they handle problems on the road. In particular, this study wanted answers to the following questions: (1) What are the challenges faced by female officers in implementing community traffic rules and regulations? (2) What are the advantages of the female gender as traffic officers? (3) What are the disadvantages of complaints as traffic officers? and (4) How female enforcers handle complaint/s (if any) by the violators of traffic law? The study will use qualitative research design in which researchers will gather data through interviews. The results show that (1) Every day, traffic enforcers face various difficulties in the enactment of their duties, but they find means to overcome them. Some of these incidents involve reckless drivers, passengers, and pedestrians who fail to adhere to traffic regulations, as well as dealing with traffic and violators in the rain; (2) Extreme tolerance can be applied when approaching drivers as a traffic enforcer. In order to resolve the matter, it is imperative that the superiors approach them with calmness, patience, and respect; (3) Female enforcers experienced harassment, opposition and intimidation by anyone who observes law and order, with some offenders claiming they have done nothing wrong; and (4) In order to minimize misunderstandings between traffic violators, it is important that traffic officers treat them with great respect, regardless of their appearance.
Efeitos da remuneração por desempenho na atenção primária em um cenário de sub-registro
Authors: Castro-Nunes Paula de , Soares Adriana , Jatobá Alessandro , Bellas Hugo , Viana Jaqueline , Palmieri Paloma , Carvalho Paulo Victor Rodrigues de
Published: October 2024

OBJETIVO: Propor um método de detecção e análise do sub-registro e evidenciar o seu potencial efeito financeiro em face da implementação do Programa Previne Brasil. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo ecológico de análise dos exames citopatológicos na área programática 3.1 do município do Rio de Janeiro. Os dados foram coletados do barramento do Datasus, incluindo as informações relativas aos relatórios dos laboratórios terceirizados dos exames citopatológicos e aquelas disponíveis no Sistema de Informação em Saúde para a Atenção Básica (Sisab) e Sistema de Informação do Câncer do Colo do Útero (Siscolo) do Datasus/Ministério da Saúde. RESULTADOS: Os sub-registros estimados por unidade de saúde totalizaram 108.511 exames nos últimos dois anos na área programática 3.1, o que corresponde a um total estimado de R$ 435.129,00 que teriam sido deixados de receber, caso o Programa Previne Brasil já estivesse efetivado no período estudado. CONCLUSÃO: A principal contribuição do artigo está na apresentação de evidência empírica dos potenciais efeitos do sub-registro para o financiamento da atenção primária à saúde. Além disso, há dois outros achados significativos – primeiro, evidencia fragilidades no processo de registro das informações de saúde inerentes a regiões vulneráveis; segundo, indica um círculo vicioso potencialmente alimentado pela alteração brusca dos condicionantes do financiamento da atenção primária à saúde, além de potenciais consequências para os demais níveis de atenção.
Access to primary healthcare services among adults with disabilities in Brazil
Authors: Reichenberger Veronika , Brito Christina May Moran de , Kuper Hannah , Penn-Kekana Loveday , Köptcke Luciana Sepúlveda , Albuquerque Maria do Socorro Velo de , Carvalho Maria Eduarda Lima de , Hameed Shaffa , Lyra Tereza Maciel , Shakespeare Tom
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE: To investigate perspectives of people with disabilities in Brazil regarding the access to primary healthcare. METHODS: In-depth interviews were conducted with 44 individuals with disabilities in Pernambuco, Distrito Federal, and São Paulo between March 2020 and November 2021. These interviews were transcribed, coded, and analysed thematically, using the Levesque framework to identify healthcare access barriers. RESULTS: Participants expressed a solid understanding of their healthcare needs and existing obstacles. However, individuals with hearing and visual impairments experience challenges because of communication barriers. In Pernambuco, the Community Health Agent was often the initial point of contact for primary care services. Public transportation lacked accessibility, from buses to driver attitudes, posing difficulties for people with disabilities. More accessible transportation and improved urban infrastructure could enhance service access. High medication costs were reported due to limited healthcare unit availability. Communication accessibility issues, inadequate audio-visual resources and equipment were also identified as barriers. Attitudinal barriers among healthcare professionals and subpar home visit services further hinder access. CONCLUSION: To address these challenges and improve the well-being of individuals with disabilities in Brazil, comprehensive action is essential. This includes leadership, governance, and resource allocation reforms to meet healthcare needs. Initiatives like disability-focused training for service providers, enhanced transportation options, improved information accessibility, and increased support from community healthcare workers can collectively enhance the lives of people with disabilities.
Structural Covariance Networks in the Fetal Brain Reveal Altered Neurodevelopment for Specific Subtypes of Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Wilson Siân , Cromb Daniel , Bonthrone Alexandra F. , Uus Alena , Price Anthony , Egloff Alexia , Van Poppel Milou P. M. , Steinweg Johannes K. , Pushparajah Kuberan , Simpson John , Lloyd David F. A. , Razavi Reza , O'Muircheartaigh Jonathan , Edwards A. David , Hajnal Joseph V. , Rutherford Mary , Counsell Serena J.
Published: October 2024

Background

Altered structural brain development has been identified in fetuses with congenital heart disease (CHD), suggesting that the neurodevelopmental impairment observed later in life might originate in utero. There are many interacting factors that may perturb neurodevelopment during the fetal period and manifest as structural brain alterations, such as altered cerebral substrate delivery and aberrant fetal hemodynamics.

Methods and Results

We extracted structural covariance networks from the log Jacobian determinants of 435 in utero T2 weighted image magnetic resonance imaging scans, (n=67 controls, 368 with CHD) acquired during the third trimester. We fit general linear models to test whether age, sex, expected cerebral substrate delivery, and CHD diagnosis were significant predictors of structural covariance. We identified significant effects of age, sex, cerebral substrate delivery, and specific CHD diagnosis across a variety of structural covariance networks, including primary motor and sensory cortices, cerebellar regions, frontal cortex, extra‐axial cerebrospinal fluid, thalamus, brainstem, and insula, consistent with widespread coordinated aberrant maturation of specific brain regions over the third trimester.

Conclusions

Structural covariance networks offer a sensitive, data‐driven approach to explore whole‐brain structural changes without anatomical priors. We used them to stratify a heterogenous patient cohort with CHD, highlighting similarities and differences between diagnoses during fetal neurodevelopment. Although there was a clear effect of abnormal fetal hemodynamics on structural brain maturation, our results suggest that this alone does not explain all the variation in brain development between individuals with CHD.
Mechanical Thrombectomy Access Score: A Systematic Review and Modified Delphi of Global Barriers to Endovascular Therapy
Authors: Aroor Sushanth R. , Zevallos Cynthia B. , Asif Kaiz S. , Singh Nishita , Potter-Vig Jennifer , Rodriguez-Calienes Aaron , Menon Bijoy K. , Ganesh Aravind , Saver Jeffrey L. , Kamel Hooman , Alexandrov Anne W. , Jauch Edward C. , Miao Zhongrong , Huo Xiaochuan , Ramakrishnan Pankajavalli , Desai Shashvat M. , Limaye Kaustubh , El-Ghanem Mohammad , Toth Gabor , Rao Chetan V. , Masoud Hesham E. , Wang Qingliang Tony , Herial Nabeel A. , Atchaneeyasakul Kunakorn , Szeder Viktor , Amuluru Krishna , Urrutia Victor C. , Al-Mufti Fawaz , Yavagal Dileep R. , Ortega-Gutierrez Santiago
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:

The availability of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute ischemic stroke is limited, and vast disparities exist between countries. We aim to create a MT access score to measure the drivers of access to help quantify and accelerate treatment worldwide.

METHODS:

We used a systematic review complemented by a modified Delphi method. In the first of 3 rounds, 4 independent investigators performed a systematic literature review using key search terms that drive MT access, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. In the second round, a panel of 6 anonymous international experts selected key attributes needed for scoring. In the final round, a total of 12 attributes were selected on consensus, each given a score on a 0 to 3 scale. An ultimate MT access score (range, 0–36) was proposed as a new tool to use in identifying barriers to MT access and assist in providing an initial framework for public health interventions.

RESULTS:

Of 2864 abstracts screened, 121 studies were included in the final systematic review. A total of 34 attributes that potentially drive MT access were initially identified. In the final round, 12 attributes were selected by the expert panel: public awareness, emergency medical services transportation, prehospital large vessel occlusion screening, interhospital transfer policy, emergency department protocols, stroke imaging protocols, emergency department stroke expertise or telestroke availability, interventionalists, MT-capable centers, device availability, and insurance coverage. These attributes were weighted as part of the final score of 0 to 36.

CONCLUSIONS:

The MT access score represents the first tool to quantify barriers to global MT access. Its implementation stands not just as an academic achievement but as a beacon of hope for improving stroke care and outcomes worldwide, bringing us a step closer to bridging the gap in stroke treatment disparities.
Rest assured: Dynamic functional connectivity and the baseline state of the human brain
Authors: Tagliazucchi Enzo
Published: October 2024

While dynamic functional connectivity remains controversial in human neuroimaging, the transient nature of interareal coupling is considered a robust finding in other fields of neuroscience. Nevertheless, the origin and interpretation of these dynamics are still under debate. This letter argues that ongoing cognition is not sufficient to account for dynamic functional connectivity. Instead, it is proposed that the baseline state of the brain is inherently unstable, leading to dynamics that are of neural origin but not directly implicated in cognition. This perspective also reinforces the usefulness of conducting experiments during the resting state.
Ethnicity: A Trojan Horse for the Perpetuation of Armed Civil Conflicts in Africa
Authors: Simuziya Nsama Jonathan
Published: October 2024

Purpose: The prevalence of armed conflicts in Africa seems commonplace, with little possibility to their end. This study aims to challenge a narrative that seem to consider ethnicity, or ethnic differences as the main causes of armed civil conflicts in Africa. This study argues that while ethnicity might play a role in conflict formation, ethnicity is simply a Trojan horse that is impishly presented as the main cause of armed conflicts in Africa.

Design/Methodology: Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. To evaluate the ethnicity vs. conflict nexus more conscientiously, this study provided two case examples: Ethiopia and Kenya, each providing distinct political trajectories.

Findings: The study finds that ethnicity is not the main cause of armed conflicts in Africa; rather, the main causal factors are embedded in bad governance practices by political elites and their cronies. Notable is the practice of politics of power grab and marginalisation of certain groups to achieve Machiavellian ends. The additional causal factor is tied to external imperial exploitative motives of looting Africa’s natural resources, often using African puppets, bagmen and traitors of their own homeland. Thus, a combination of bad local governance practices and external economic interests is mainly what has led to a surge in armed civil conflicts in Africa.

Originality/Value: The novelty of this study is that it challenges conventional political standpoints on the causes of ethnic-related conflicts and the solutions needed to end/reduce them. The study has achieved this by pushing the cloak of appreciating the scope and scale of Africa’s armed conflicts by advancing the argument that conflict management solutions lie inward rather than outward through the utilisation of local or homegrown conflict resolution mechanisms. Such local mechanisms must focus on addressing bad governance practices. The current penchant of relying on international or foreign mediatory systems as solutions is done merely at the behest of global politicking and, as such, only provides cosmetic solutions, hence themselves responsible for those protracted ethnic-related conflicts.