bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of curcumin-loaded zein nanoparticles for transport across the blood–brain barrier and inhibition of glioblastoma cell growth
Authors: Zhang Huaiying , van Os Winant L. , Tian Xiaobo , Zu Guangyue , Ribovski Laís , Bron Reinier , Bussmann Jeroen , Kros Alexander , Liu Yong , Zuhorn Inge S.
Published: January 2021

Zein-polydopamine nanoparticles functionalized with G23 peptide cross an in vitro blood–brain barrier and penetrate tumor spheroids. When loaded with curcumin they effectively reduce proliferation, migration, and viability of C6 glioma cells.
Rapid tumor inhibitionviamagnetic hyperthermia regulated by caspase 3 with time-dependent clearance of iron oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Chauhan Anjali , Midha Swati , Kumar Ravi , Meena Ravindra , Singh Pooja , Jha Sushil K. , Kuanr Bijoy K.
Published: January 2021

Chitosan-coated Fe3O4nanoparticles induced rapid tumor ablation using magnetic hyperthermia, possibly mediated by caspase-3 dependent apoptosis andIL-6signaling, and showed gradual clearance from the excretory, hepatic and circulatory system in rats.
Biocompatible and functional inorganic magnesium ceramic particles for biomedical applications
Authors: Bedair Tarek M. , Heo Yun , Ryu Jungju , Bedair Hanan M. , Park Wooram , Han Dong Keun
Published: January 2021

Magnesium ceramics hold potential for numerous biological properties and biomedical applications.
Hyaluronan (HA)-inspired glycopolymers as molecular tools for studying HA functions
Authors: Collis Dominic W. P. , Yilmaz Gokhan , Yuan Yichen , Monaco Alessandra , Ochbaum Guy , Shi Yejiao , O’Malley Clare , Uzunova Veselina , Napier Richard , Bitton Ronit , Becer C. Remzi , Azevedo Helena S.
Published: January 2021

Glycopolymers based on hyaluronan (HA) were synthesised as homopolymers and alternating copolymers and used as probes to study the interactions with known HA-binding proteins and peptides.
One-bead-one-compound screening approach to the identification of cyclic peptoid inhibitors of cyclophilin D as neuroprotective agents from mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Hyun Soonsil , Park Namjoon , Nam So Hee , Cheon Dae Hee , Lee Yan , Lim Hyun-Suk , Yu Jaehoon
Published: January 2021

The novel cyclic peptoid I11, identified from the OBOC library, promotes recovery of damaged mitochondria via binding to CypD, rejuvenating mitochondrial function without toxicity.
Factors affecting the negative Poisson's ratio of black phosphorus and black arsenic: electronic effects
Authors: Gao Yifan , Wen Minru , Zhang Xin , Wu Fugen , Xia Qinglin , Wu Haoyi , Dong Huafeng
Published: January 2021

Negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) materials (when stretched longitudinally, the thickness of these materials increases along the lateral direction) are widely used in engineering because of their good resistance to shear, denting, and fracture.
Nature of the different emissive states and strong exciton–phonon couplings in quasi-two-dimensional perovskites derived from phase-modulated two-photon micro-photoluminescence spectroscopy
Authors: Ghosh Supriya , Pradhan Bapi , Zhang Yiyue , Hofkens Johan , Karki Khadga J. , Materny Arnulf
Published: January 2021

Phase-modulated two-photon photoluminescence identifies the nature of emissive states of quasi two-dimensional q-MPB and q-CPB perovskites.
Photo(electro)catalytic activity enhancement of PhC2Cu by Fe doping induced energy band modulation and luminescence chromism switching
Authors: Qian Jing , Dang Wenqiang , Li Jing , Zhang Wen , Tian Meng , Wang Ning , Song Wenjing , Lv Lingling , Jiang Hai-Ying
Published: January 2021

This work proposed the mechanism of luminescence chromism switching and band structure modulation for enhancing the photocarriers' separation of PhC2Cu, a new kind of metal–organic coordination polymer semiconductor.
Modulation of CO2 adsorption in novel pillar-layered MOFs based on carboxylate–pyrazole flexible linker
Authors: Lancheros Andrés , Goswami Subhadip , Mian Mohammad Rasel , Zhang Xuan , Zarate Ximena , Schott Eduardo , Farha Omar K. , Hupp Joseph T.
Published: January 2021

Three pillar-layered MOFs based on flexible carboxylate–pyrazole ligand are synthesized and their CO2 uptake capacity is evaluated.
The construction of NiFeSx/g-C3N4 composites with high photocatalytic activity towards the degradation of refractory pollutants
Authors: Zhao Guoqing , Hu Jun , Zou Jiao , Yu Jingang , Jiao Feipeng , Chen Xiaoqing
Published: January 2021

Novel NiFeSx/g-C3N4 composites can achieve visible-light-driven photocatalysis and exhibit good degradation efficiency toward refractory pollutants.
Understanding catalytic CO2 and CO conversion into methanol using computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Kyrimis Stylianos , Potter Matthew E. , Raja Robert , Armstrong Lindsay-Marie
Published: January 2021

To investigate the kinetics of methanol synthesis from a mixture of CO2/CO/H2, a computational fluid dynamics model has been developed, incorporating two distinct kinetic models, one which includes CO hydrogenation and one which does not.
(Hexamethylbenzene)Ru catalysts for the Aldehyde-Water Shift reaction
Authors: Phearman Alexander S. , Moore Jewelianna M. , Bhagwandin Dayanni D. , Goldberg Jonathan M. , Heinekey D. Michael , Goldberg Karen I.
Published: January 2021

The Aldehyde-Water Shift (AWS) reaction uses H2O as a benign oxidant to convert aldehydes to carboxylic acids, producing H2, a valuable reagent and fuel, as its sole byproduct.
Multivariate analysis of PIXE + XRF and PIXE spectral images
Authors: Mihalić Iva Božičević , Fazinić Stjepko , Barac Marko , Karydas Andreas Germanos , Migliori Alessandro , Doračić Damir , Desnica Vladan , Mudronja Domagoj , Krstić Dragica
Published: January 2021

Multivariate t-SNE analysis enables pixel identification with similar X-ray spectra for layer thickness determination and calculation of elemental concentrations.
Highly paralleled emulsion droplets for efficient isolation, amplification, and screening of cancer biomarker binding phages
Authors: Wang Junxia , Tan Yuyu , Ling Jiajun , Zhang Mingxia , Li Liang , Liu Wenli , Huang Mengjiao , Song Jia , Li Ao , Song Yanling , Yang Chaoyong , Zhu Zhi
Published: January 2021

The double monoclonal display (dm-Display) has realized highly efficient monoclonal ligand screening, which can accelerate the whole process from weeks to 24 h with clone characterization throughput 1000-time higher than that of traditional approach.
Applications of MXene (Ti3C2Tx) in photocatalysis: a review
Authors: Li Xing , Bai Yang , Shi Xian , Su Na , Nie Gongzhe , Zhang Rumeng , Nie Hongbo , Ye Liqun
Published: January 2021

MXenes are two-dimensional nanomaterials, which can be constructed from different elements.
Self-assembly of TiO2/ZIF-8 nanocomposites for varied photocatalytic CO2 reduction with H2O vapor induced by different synthetic methods
Authors: Zou Yan-Hong , Wang Hai-Ning , Meng Xing , Sun Hong-Xu , Zhou Zi-Yan
Published: January 2021

Different synthetic approaches give birth to different structures, which result in varied photocatalytic performances.
Interface-assisted synthesis: a gateway to effective nanostructure tuning of conducting polymers
Authors: Chondath Subin Kaladi , Menamparambath Mini Mol
Published: January 2021

The illustration of the different types of interfaces arising from the binary combinations of the three states of matter, acting as removal templates for the morphological tuning of conducting polymers.
Construction of polymeric carbon nitride and dibenzothiophene dioxide-based intramolecular donor–acceptor conjugated copolymers for photocatalytic H2 evolution
Authors: Yu Fengtao , Wang Zhiqiang , Zhang Shicong , Wu Wenjun , Ye Haonan , Ding Haoran , Gong Xueqing , Hua Jianli
Published: January 2021

A series of intramolecular g-C3N4-based donor–acceptor conjugated copolymers have been obtained by copolymerizing urea with 3,7-dihydroxydibenzo[b,d]thiophene 5,5-dioxide (SO). As a result, the AQY of CNSO-20 reached 10.16% at 420 nm.
Au@Ag nanoparticle sensor for sensitive and rapid detection of glucose
Authors: Pan Zhiwen , Yang Junqi , Song Weijia , Luo Puqiang , Zou Junyan , Peng Jie , Huang Bo , Luo Zhi
Published: January 2021

A sensitive SERS sensor based on Au@Ag nanoparticles for rapid glucose detection (5 min) via tuning of the plasmonic properties.
Neutral noble-metal-free VCoO2 and CrCoO2 cluster catalysts for CO oxidation by O2
Authors: Sampathkumar Suresh , Paranthaman Selvarengan
Published: January 2021

Neutral noble-metal-free metal oxide cluster catalysts (VCoO2 and CrCoO2) were developed for multiple CO oxidation reactions by O2.
Waxy rice amylopectin towards stretchable elastic conductive hydrogel for human motion detection
Authors: Song Xiaodong , Qiu Xiaxin , Huang Xiaowen , Tu Yaqing , Zhao Qiuhua , Sun Ruyi , Zhang Lidong
Published: January 2021

Dynamic hydrogen-bonding interaction brings waxy rice amylopectin element into polyacrylamide network to elicit a stretchable elastic composite hydrogel for sensing application.
Three-component synthesis of 4H-pyran scaffolds accelerated by a gabapentin-based natural deep eutectic solvent
Authors: Alipour Khoshdel Meysam , Shirini Farhad , Nikoo Langarudi Mohaddeseh Safarpoor , Zabihzadeh Mehdi , Biglari Mohammad
Published: January 2021

A new natural deep eutectic solvent was prepared from gabapentin and choline chloride and its catalytic activity was investigated.
2D alignment of zinc oxide@ZIF8 nanocrystals for photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Shinde Pratibha , Sharma Vidhika , Punde Ashvini , Waghmare Ashish , Vairale Priti , Hase Yogesh , Pandharkar Subhash , Bhorde Ajinkya , Aher Rahul , Nair Shruthi , Doiphode Vidya , Jadkar Vijaya , Patil Nilesh , Rondiya Sachin , Prasad Mohit , Jadkar Sandesh
Published: January 2021

Thin films of zinc oxide nano-sheets loaded with Zeolitic Imidazole Framework 8 nanocrystals were synthesized using electrodeposition and chemical bath deposition for photoelectrochemical application.
A relativistic DFT probe for small-molecule activation mediated by low-valent uranium metallocenes
Authors: Shen Yong-Peng , Cai Hong-Xue , Chen Fang-Yuan , Guo Yuan-Ru , Pan Qing-Jiang
Published: January 2021

DFT calculations rationalize the capability of uranium metallocenes in activating small molecules, and the experimentally inaccessible CO2adduct is addressed.
Shape retaining self-healing metal-coordinated hydrogels
Authors: Charlet Alvaro , Lutz-Bueno Viviane , Mezzenga Raffaele , Amstad Esther
Published: January 2021

We introduce pyrogallol end-functionalized telechelic PEGs that are crosslinked with di- or trivalent ions to result in self-healing, adhesive hydrogels whose mechanical properties can be varied over an unprecedented range.
Glutathione-depleting nanoplatelets for enhanced sonodynamic cancer therapy
Authors: Huang Chunyu , Ding Shuaijie , Jiang Wei , Wang Fu-Bing
Published: January 2021

In combating cancer, ultrasound-triggered SDT manifests a wide range of promising applications, thus showing potential to overcome the shortcomings of conventional PDT.
Mechanically induced solvent-free esterification method at room temperature
Authors: Zheng Lei , Sun Chen , Xu Wenhao , Dushkin Alexandr V. , Polyakov Nikolay , Su Weike , Yu Jingbo
Published: January 2021

We have developed I2/KH2PO2 and KI/P(OEt)3 strategy syntheses of esters from carboxylic acids and alcohols through different reaction mechanisms. The advantages of present protocol: mild conditions and late-stage diversification of natural products.
DiaNat-DB: a molecular database of antidiabetic compounds from medicinal plants
Authors: Madariaga-Mazón Abraham , Naveja José J. , Medina-Franco José L. , Noriega-Colima Karla O. , Martinez-Mayorga Karina
Published: January 2021

Medicinal plants are widely used against diabetes mellitus. Here, we provide DiaNat-DB, the first publicly available database of secondary metabolites from medicinal plants, chemically characterized, and integrated with antidiabetic activity.
Mechanism, kinetics and selectivity of a Williamson ether synthesis: elucidation under different reaction conditions
Authors: Diamanti Aikaterini , Ganase Zara , Grant Eliana , Armstrong Alan , Piccione Patrick M. , Rea Anita M. , Richardson Jeffery , Galindo Amparo , Adjiman Claire S.
Published: January 2021

New mechanistic understanding and the quantification of reaction kinetics shed light on the large impact of the solvent on selectivity.
Small molecule microarray identifies inhibitors of tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 that simultaneously access the catalytic pocket and two substrate binding sites
Authors: Zhao Xue Zhi , Kiselev Evgeny , Lountos George T. , Wang Wenjie , Tropea Joseph E. , Needle Danielle , Hilimire Thomas A. , Schneekloth John S. , Waugh David S. , Pommier Yves , Burke Terrence R.
Published: January 2021

Using small molecule microarray TDP1 inhibitors have been identified that bind in a trivalent mode.
Needle insertion-induced quasiperiodic cone cracks in hydrogel
Authors: Muthukumar M. , Bobji M. S. , Simha K. R. Y.
Published: January 2021

Needle insertion in hydrogel characterised by a gradual increase in the force followed by a sharp fall corresponds to propagation of stable cone crack. This is the first report of periodic, stable and controlled 3-D cone cracks inside the hydrogel.
Anomalous enhancement of thermoelectric power factor by thermal management with resonant level effect
Authors: Sakane Shunya , Ishibe Takafumi , Mizuta Kosei , Fujita Takeshi , Kiyofuji Yuga , Ohe Jun-ichiro , Kobayashi Eiichi , Nakamura Yoshiaki
Published: January 2021

Thermoelectric power factor enhancement through thermal management with resonant level effect is experimentally demonstrated in SiGeAu composite system.
Wood-based self-supporting flexible electrode materials for energy storage applications
Authors: Liu Linlin , Ji Zhen , Zhao Shuyan , Niu Qingyuan , Hu Songqi
Published: January 2021

The delignified wood-based self-supporting carbon material is an ideal basic interdigital flexible electrode material, which has good application potential.
Gram-scale synthesis of a neodymium chelate as a spectral CT and second near-infrared window imaging agent for visualizing the gastrointestinal tract in vivo
Authors: Zhuang Pengrui , Xiang Ke , Meng Xiangxi , Wang Guohe , Li Ziyuan , Lu Yanye , Kan Di , Zhang Xuejun , Sun Shao-Kai
Published: January 2021

A facile and green method was developed to fabricate Nd-DTPA on a large scale without byproducts for CT/spectral CT and NIR II fluorescence imaging of the gastrointestinal tract in vivo.
Heparin-mediated electrostatic immobilization of bFGF via functional polymer films for enhanced self-renewal of human neural stem cells
Authors: Cho Younghak , Baek Jieung , Lee Eunjung , Im Sung Gap
Published: January 2021

A novel copolymer film of pGMA-co-DMAEMA is generated to modulate the electrostatic interaction with heparin, thereby facilitating bFGF immobilization. hNSCs cultured on this surface exhibited enhanced stemness-related properties and neurogenesis.
Photoinduced magnetic phase transition and remarkable enhancement of magnetization for a photochromic single-molecule magnet
Authors: Cai Li-Zhen , Guo Pei-Yu , Wang Ming-Sheng , Guo Guo-Cong
Published: January 2021

A photochromic single-molecule magnet with large magnetization change (+20.9%) at room temperature and paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition was successfully achieved.
Biphasic synthesis of biodegradable urchin-like mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles for enhanced cellular internalization and precision cascaded therapy
Authors: Cheng Yaya , Jiao Xiangyu , Wang Zhantong , Jacobson Orit , Aronova Maria A. , Ma Yuanyuan , He Liangcan , Liu Yijing , Tang Wei , Deng Liming , Zou Jianhua , Yang Zhen , Zhang Mingru , Wen Yongqiang , Fan Wenpei , Chen Xiaoyuan
Published: January 2021

The excellent match-up of GOx-mimicking ultrasmall gold and biodegradable urchin-inspired mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles is expected to create a fantastic tumor microenvironment-responsive drug delivery system for precision cascaded therapy.
Surface doping of non-fullerene photoactive layer by soluble polyoxometalate for printable organic solar cells
Authors: Hu Lin , You Wen , Sun Lulu , Yu Shen , Yang Mengyuan , Wang Hao , Li Zaifang , Zhou Yinhua
Published: January 2021

The non-fullerene photoactive layer can be induced an effective surface p-doping via polyoxometalate (PMA) solution immersion technique, making the device work efficiently although without an additional evaporated MoO3 hole-collecting layer.
Impact of CO2 activation on the structure, composition, and performance of Sb/C nanohybrid lithium/sodium-ion battery anodes
Authors: Liang Suzhe , Cheng Ya-Jun , Wang Xiaoyan , Xu Zhuijun , Ma Liujia , Xu Hewei , Ji Qing , Zuo Xiuxia , Müller-Buschbaum Peter , Xia Yonggao
Published: January 2021

The rate performance of Sb/C nanohybrid anodes for LIBs and SIBs is effectively improved by facile CO2 activation.
Correction: Hydrogen production by electrochemical reaction using ethylene glycol with terephthalic acid
Authors: Kim Se-Hyun , Woo Sang-Won , Kim Chan-Soo , Lee Sung-Eun , Kim Tae-Oh
Published: January 2021

Correction for ‘Hydrogen production by electrochemical reaction using ethylene glycol with terephthalic acid’ by Se-Hyun Kim et al., RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 2088–2095, DOI: 10.1039/D0RA10187G.
Retraction: LncRNA OIP5-AS1 contributes to ox-LDL-induced inflammation and oxidative stress through regulating the miR-128-3p/CDKN2A axis in macrophages
Authors: Fisher Laura
Published: January 2021

Retraction of ‘LncRNA OIP5-AS1 contributes to ox-LDL-induced inflammation and oxidative stress through regulating the miR-128-3p/CDKN2A axis in macrophages’ by Xiaojuan Li et al., RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 41709–41719, DOI: 10.1039/C9RA08322G.
Retraction: Macrophage-derived exosomes mediate osteosarcoma cell behavior by activating AKT signaling
Authors: Fisher Laura
Published: January 2021

Retraction of ‘Macrophage-derived exosomes mediate osteosarcoma cell behavior by activating AKT signaling’ by Bin Yan et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 5032–5039, DOI: 10.1039/C9RA07332A.
Retraction: Sauchinone inhibits high glucose-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in retinal pigment epithelial cells
Authors: Fisher Laura
Published: January 2021

Retraction of ‘Sauchinone inhibits high glucose-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in retinal pigment epithelial cells’ by Yang Shi et al., RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 17065–17071, DOI: 10.1039/C9RA02817J
Metal single-atom catalysts for selective hydrogenation of unsaturated bonds
Authors: Sun Zhiyi , Wang Shuo , Chen Wenxing
Published: January 2021

Single atom catalysts (SACs) show excellent catalytic performance in selective hydrogenation. Herein, the applications of SACs in the selective hydrogenation of unsaturated bonds are reviewed.
An updated meta-analysis showed smoking modify the association of GSTM1 null genotype on the risk of coronary heart disease
Authors: Song Yadong , Shan Zhilei , Liu Xiaoli , Chen Xiaomin , Luo Cheng , Chen Liangkai , Wang Yimei , Gong Lin , Liu Liegang , Liang Jiansheng
Published: January 2021

Background Oxidative stress is considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease (CHD). Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) enzymes play important roles in antioxidant defenses and may influence CHD risk. The present meta-analysis was performed to investigate the link between glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) null genotype and CHD and to get a precise evaluation of interaction between GSTM1 null genotype and smoking by the case-only design.

Methods PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched through 15 December 2020 to retrieve articles. Odds ratios (ORs) were pooled using either fixed-effects or random-effects models.

Results Thirty-seven studies showed that GSTM1 null genotype was associated with risk of CHD in total population, Caucasians and Asians (for total population, OR = 1.38, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15, 1.65; for Caucasians, OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.72; for Asians, OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.77). After adjustment for heterogeneity, these relationships were still significant. After adjustment for heterogeneity, case-only analysis of 11 studies showed a positive multiplicative interaction between GSTM1 null genotype and smoking (ever smoking vs. never smoking) (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.50; I2 = 0%, P=0.553).

Conclusions The overall results indicated that GSTM1 null genotype was associated with a higher risk of CHD, and the association may be affected by smoking status. This is the first meta-analysis to prove a positive effect of the interaction between GSTM1 null genotype and smoking status on the risk of CHD. Well-designed studies are needed to investigate the possible gene–gene or gene–environment interactions.
Ultra‐low power voltage reference with 40 μA maximum load current for passive sensor systems
Authors: Wang Maodong , Xu Wenjie , Yan Na , Min Hao
Published: January 2021

An ultra‐low power, low temperature coefficient voltage reference generator used for nanowatt‐level passive sensor systems is presented. The voltage reference configuration, based on a voltage reference generating circuit embedded in the feedback loop, realises an average reference voltage (VREF) of 837.2 mV and 40 μA maximum load current. The temperature coefficient of VREF is compensated by a saturated diode‐connected the positive channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor (PMOS) and a proportional to absolute temperature current. For supply voltages ranging from 0.86 to 3 V, this proposed voltage reference simulated in 55 nm a Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) process consumes an average current of 10 nA at room temperature and achieves a minimum temperature coefficient of 8.1 ppm/°C from −40°C to 125°C. The mean line sensitivity is 0.17%/V and the coefficient of variation is 2.1%.
Fourier ptychography algorithm based on scaled Fourier transform
Authors: Hasanzade Mojde , Hussain Nazabat , Breiby Dag W. , Akram Muhammad N.
Published: January 2021

This letter discusses an alternative Fourier ptychography algorithm based on the scaled fast Fourier transform propagation. The advantage of this scheme is that it enables a zoom‐in capability of the object spectrum and complex pupil within the synthetic numerical aperture without increasing the overall matrix size. Thus, the high‐resolution complex object and complex pupil are recovered utilising a larger fraction of the elements in their respective representation matrices. Experimental results are presented showing the performance of this scheme against the tradition fast‐Fourier‐transform‐based approach.
A PolSAR despeckling method based on Wishart gradient and anisotropic diffusion
Authors: Wang Hongmiao , Zeng Liang , Zhang Tao , Yin Junjun , Yang Jian
Published: January 2021

The anisotropic diffusion filtering is a classical tool in image processing due to its simplicity and effectiveness. In this letter, we propose a new diffusion‐like filter based on the polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) ratio gradients. The PolSAR ratio gradients combine the information of different polarisation channels and describe the local directional changes in polarimetric characteristics. The proposed filter is then built by utilising the new gradients to derive the diffusion coefficients. The experimental results on synthetic data and real PolSAR images demonstrate the superiority and effectiveness of the new method.
The suppression of DC‐link voltage fluctuations through a source active current feedforward in the active power filter
Authors: Meng Runquan , Du Yi , Han Xiaoqing , Wang Peng
Published: January 2021

An active power filter (APF), which operates under the power‐balance‐based scheme (PB scheme), suffers heavier DC‐link voltage fluctuation when the loads change suddenly, so that it is apt to be interfered and degraded or even out of stable operation. By analyzing the cause of DC‐link voltage fluctuation, this study proposes an improved PB scheme which feeds forward the increment of the fundamental‐frequency positive sequence component of the source current. The feed‐forward channel is designed by use of the cascaded delayed signal cancellation algorithm and integrated into the conventional PB scheme APF without adding any extra hardware circuit. The current increment fed forward is added into the output of the voltage controller to timely amend the reference current of the current control loop, and thus the active power flow, which caused by loads change, between the APF and its external circuitry can be suppressed. As a result, the DC‐link voltage fluctuation is mitigated to allow the APF to better accommodate the abrupt load changes. The configuration of the improved control system is introduced and the stability is analysed. The experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
A safe commutation strategy based on LRCD snubber circuit for five‐level active neutral point clamped inverter
Authors: Ye Weiwei , Nie Ziling , Zhu Junjie , Xu Jie
Published: January 2021

Spike voltage generated during the turn‐off transient is one of the key threats to IGBT. When the traditional RCD snubber is applied in the five‐level active neutral point clamped (5L‐ANPC) inverter to clamp the spike voltage, a transient large current caused by the charging of the snubber capacitor will increase power losses and current stresses of IGBTs. This study proposes a LRCD snubber for the 5L‐ANPC inverter. It can effectively suppress the spike voltages and the transient large currents of IGBTs, thus reducing the power loss. For the 5L‐ANPC inverter, the traditional commutation method also poses a threat to IGBTs. Near the zero‐crossing point of the output voltage, the traditional commutation method will cause the IGBTs that operate at the carrier frequency to withstand three times of the rated voltage. This study proposes a safe commutation strategy based on the LRCD snubber. When the output voltage passes through zero‐crossing point, the proposed commutation strategy uses four transition switching states to avoid the breakdown of IGBTs induced by overvoltage. It can ensure that all the IGBTs operate in the safe operating area (SOA). Experimental results are presented to verify the validity of the proposed method.
Bidirectional multi‐resonant converter with a wide voltage range
Authors: Zhao Qinglin , Wu Na , Wang Yujie , Wang Deyu , Yang Qiuxia
Published: January 2021

A bidirectional multi‐resonant DC/DC converter is proposed in this study. The structure of the converter is symmetrical, and the operating characteristics of the bidirectional operation mode are the same. Adopting synchronous driving, the converter can regulate the output voltage over a wide range. Regardless of a forward mode or reverse mode, the switches of the converter can realise zero‐voltage switching over the entire voltage range. The gain of the converter can be zero due to its characteristics similar to the notch filtre. The converter can transmit the fundamental wave and the third harmonic at the same time, and the energy utilisation rate is high. The converter has a wide voltage range and high efficiency at the same time. A 3.3 kW experimental prototype is designed. In forward mode, the secondary‐side voltage varies from 250 to 450 V, and the peak efficiency is 97.7%. In reverse mode, the secondary‐side voltage varies from 300 to 450 V, and the peak efficiency is 97.6%.
Meta‐heuristic optimisation approach for wave energy converter design by means of a stochastic hydrodynamic model
Authors: Blanco Marcos , Santos‐Herran Miguel , Navarro Gustavo , Torres Jorge , Najera Jorge , Villaba Isabel , Lafoz Marcos , Ramírez Dionisio
Published: January 2021

A methodology to automate the sizing of a wave energy converter (WEC) is presented. The preliminary design of WEC geometry is addressed as a mathematical program by means of a meta‐heuristic optimisation, which includes as key aspects the use of a multi‐objective differential evolutionary (DE) algorithm and the implementation of a stochastic hydrodynamic model of the WEC. In this methodology, the WEC concept, the control strategy, the power take‐off characteristics and the location have been taken into consideration due to their strong influence on the WEC design. As a case example, a real project has been selected, and the methodology has been applied to two test locations. Stochastic models are used to handle irregular sea states and to obtain statistical information while reducing the calculation effort when compared to time‐domain models. The output derived from the proposed methodology is a set of feasible solutions so‐called Pareto frontier. These solutions can be used as inputs for a detailed design process. Data from real projects could be used to further develop the sizing methodology by improving the algorithm convergence, refining the requirements, or including new restrictions.
Comparative static and dynamic analysis of single‐ and double‐stage multifunctional 3‐phase grid‐tied photovoltaic systems
Authors: Silveira Rafaela Dizaró , da Silva Sérgio A. Oliveira , Sampaio Leonardo P. , Campanhol Leonardo B. G.
Published: January 2021

This paper presents a comparison analysis involving four multifunctional grid‐tied photovoltaic (MPV) systems, divided in single‐stage and double‐stage architectures. The functionalities can be pointed out as generation/injection of active energy into the utility grid, and active power conditioning including reactive power and load unbalance compensation, as well as load harmonic currents suppression. Thus, beyond the photovoltaic systems' conventional functions, the MPV systems also contribute to improve power quality indicators. Single‐phase full‐bridge (1‐FB) inverters are used to build two grid‐tied inverter configurations. In the first, called as MPV‐FB, three 1‐FB inverters share the same DC‐bus, while in the second, named as MPV‐3FB, each of the three 1‐FB inverters operates with an individual DC‐bus. Each inverter configuration integrates the MPV system architectures with single‐stage and double‐stage, where in the single‐stage configuration the photovoltaic array is directly connected to the inverter DC‐bus, whereas in the DS one, a step‐up DC–DC converter is inserted between the photovoltaic array and the inverter DC‐bus. Under several scenarios of operation, the four MPV systems named as MPV‐FB‐SS, MPV‐FB‐DS, MPV‐3FB‐SS and MPV‐3FB‐DS, are experimentally tested to compare constructive aspects, evaluate static/dynamic performances and power quality issues, as well as capability to operate with photovoltaic array failure.
Improved Markov‐chain‐based ultra‐short‐term PV forecasting method for enhancing power system resilience
Authors: Bai Xiaoyang , Liang Liang , Zhu Xueqin
Published: January 2021

The awareness capability of output power for renewable resources is essential for enhancing the resilience of power systems. Photovoltaic (PV) forecasting technology is an essential technology for increasing the operation efficiency and controllable resources for power systems after extreme natural events. Conventional Markov chain (MC) methods often ignore the time characteristics and the actual distribution of the PV output power sequence when making PV forecasts. This article proposes improved MC methods of equal quantity and clustering‐based division methods. The methods can consider the interval distributions of the PV output power time series and select an hour as the time interval. As a sequence, the predicted power at the next moment can be closer to the expectation of the output power distributions. Such a method is combined with a similar day algorithm to calculate the forecast result. Case studies were conducted with one‐year operation data from a 25‐MW PV station. The results indicate that the proposed methods can effectively improve the accuracy of prediction results compared with traditional methods.
Spectroscopic and seismic analysis of red giants in eclipsing binaries discovered byKepler
Authors: Benbakoura M. , Gaulme P. , McKeever J. , Sekaran S. , Beck P. G. , Spada F. , Jackiewicz J. , Mathis S. , Mathur S. , Tkachenko A. , García R. A.
Published: January 2021

Eclipsing binaries (EBs) are unique targets for measuring accurate stellar properties and constraining stellar evolution models. In particular, it is possible to measure masses and radii at the few percent level for both components of a double-lined spectroscopic EB (SB2-EB). On the one hand, detached EBs hosting at least one star with detectable solar-like oscillations constitute ideal test objects to verify the ability of ensemble asteroseismology to derive stellar properties. On the other hand, the oscillations and surface activity of stars that belong to EBs offer unique information about the evolution of binary systems. This paper builds upon previous works dedicated to red giant stars (RG) in EBs; so far 20 known systems have been discovered by the NASAKeplermission. We report the discovery of 16 RGs in EBs, which are also from theKeplerdata, leading to a total of 36 confirmed RG stars in EBs from the originalKeplermission. This new sample includes three SB2-EBs with oscillations, resulting in a total of 14 known SB2-EBs with an oscillating RG component. This sample also includes six close systems in which the RG display a clear surface activity and complete oscillation suppression. Based on dedicated high-resolution spectroscopic observations (Apache Point Observatory, Observatoire de Haute Provence), we focus on three main aspects. Firstly, from the extended sample of 14 SB2-EBs, we confirm that the simple application of the asteroseismic scaling relations to RGs overestimates masses and radii of RGs by about 15% and 5%. This bias can be reduced by employing either new asteroseismic reference values for RGs or model-based corrections of the asteroseismic parameters. Secondly, we confirm that close binarity leads to a high level of photometric modulation (up to 10%) and a suppression of solar-like oscillations. In particular, we show that it reduces the lifetime of radial modes by a factor of up to 10. Thirdly, we use our 16 new systems to complement previous observational studies that aimed to constrain tidal dissipation in interacting binaries. We confirm the important role of the equilibrium tide in binary evolution, but we also identify systems with circular orbits despite relatively young ages, which suggests the need to explore complementary tidal dissipation mechanisms in the future. Finally, as a by-product, we report the measurements of mass, radius, and age of three M-dwarf companion stars.
HD 344787: a true Polaris analogue?
Authors: Ripepi V. , Catanzaro G. , Molnár L. , Plachy E. , Marconi M. , Clementini G. , Molinaro R. , De Somma G. , Leccia S. , Mancino S. , Musella I. , Cusano F. , Testa V.
Published: January 2021

Context. Classical Cepheids (DCEPs) are the most important primary indicators for the extragalactic distance scale, but they are also important objects in their own right, allowing us to place constraints on the physics of intermediate-mass stars and the pulsation theories.

Aims. We have investigated the peculiar DCEP HD 344787, which is known to exhibit the fastest positive period change of DCEPs, along with a quenching amplitude of the light variation.

Methods. We used high-resolution spectra obtained with HARPS-N at the TNG for HD 344787 and the more famous Polaris DCEP to infer their detailed chemical abundances. Results from the analysis of new time-series photometry of HD 344787 obtained by the TESS satellite are also reported.

Results. The double-mode nature of the HD344787 pulsation is confirmed by an analysis of the TESS light curve, although with rather tiny amplitudes of a few dozen millimag. This is indication that HD344787 is on the verge of quenching the pulsation. Analysis of the spectra collected with HARPS-N at the TNG reveals an almost solar abundance and no depletion of carbon and oxygen. This means that the star appears to have not gone through first dredge-up. Similar results are obtained for Polaris.

Conclusions. Polaris and HD344787 are both confirmed to be most likely at their first crossing of the instability strip. The two stars are likely at the opposite borders of the instability strip for first-overtone DCEPs with metal abundance Z = 0.008. A comparison with other DCEPs that are also thought to be at their first crossing allows us to speculate that the differences we see in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram might be due to differences in the properties of the DCEP progenitors during the main-sequence phase.
Lactate Threshold Evaluation in Swimmers: The Importance of Age and Method
Authors: Nikitakis Ioannis S. , Toubekis Argyris G.
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the study was to define the most appropriate method for the calculation of the speed corresponding to lactate threshold (sLT) in male swimmers. Eight boys and eight adolescents (age: 11.4±0.5 and 15.8±0.8 years) performed 7×200-m swimming front-crawl and after drawing the speed vs. lactate curve, the sLTs were calculated using five methods: i) the intersection of two linear regression lines, ii) visual inspection, iii) D-max, iv) D-max modified, v) intersection of combined linear and exponential regression lines. All methods were compared to the speed corresponding to maximal lactate steady state (sMLSS). Two to four 30-min efforts of continuous swimming at imposed constant pace were used for sMLSS calculation. In both groups, speed of D-max modified was similar to sMLSS (children, 1.061±0.073 vs. sMLSS: 1.071±0.072 m·s−1; p>0.05; effect size: ES=0.15, small; adolescents, 1.318±0.060 vs. sMLSS: 1.284±0.047 m·s−1; p>0.05; ES=0.64, medium). In adolescents, sLT calculated by intersection of two regression lines and by visual inspection presented medium ES (0.22–0.24) and were no different to sMLSS (1.296 ± 0.051, 1.295±0.053 m·s−1, p>0.05). When testing children, D-max modified is the most appropriate method to estimate sMLSS. The intersection of the linear regression lines and visual inspection are suggested for sMLSS determination in adolescents.
Are We Exploring the Potential Role of Specialized Techniques in Muscle Hypertrophy?
Authors: Kassiano Witalo , de Vasconcelos Costa Bruna Daniella , Nunes João Pedro , Aguiar Andreo Fernando , de Salles Belmiro F. , Ribeiro Alex Silva
Published: January 2021

Specialized resistance training techniques (e.g., drop-set, rest-pause) are commonly used by well-trained subjects for maximizing muscle hypertrophy. Most of these techniques were designed to allow a greater training volume (i.e., total repetitions×load), due to the supposition that it elicits greater muscle mass gains. However, many studies that compared the traditional resistance training configuration with specialized techniques seek to equalize the volume between groups, making it difficult to determine the inherent hypertrophic potential of these advanced strategies, as well as, this equalization restricts part of the practical extrapolation on these findings. In this scenario, the objectives of this manuscript were 1) to present the nuance of the evidence that deals with the effectiveness of these specialized resistance training techniques and — primarily — to 2) propose possible ways to explore the hypertrophic potential of such strategies with greater ecological validity without losing the methodological rigor of controlling possible intervening variables; and thus, contributing to increasing the applicability of the findings and improving the effectiveness of hypertrophy-oriented resistance training programs.
Gastric NET Subtypes: Do We Need An Additional One?
Authors: Lock Guntram , Oelckers Michael , Clauditz Till Sebastian , Schrader Jörg
Published: January 2021

Depending on etiology, prognosis and malignant potential, recent S2k guideline differentiates gastric neuroendocrine tumors (gNET) in 4 types with different treatment implications.

We report on a 55-year-old patient with the accidental finding of a 15 mm gNET. Apart from a prolonged use of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) for 20 years as a treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease, there were no other associations or risk factors for gNETs. Formally, this patient would have been classified as a type III gNET, implicating gastric surgery. From a pathophysiological point of view, however, the assumed prolonged gastrin hypersecretion would have justified an assignment as a type I gNET. The gNET was resected by ESD, but histology showed an R1 situation. After cessation of PPIs, there is no recurrence so far. Besides, the initially documented numerous and large gland polyps showed an impressive regression only a few weeks after cessation of PPI.

This case points to a probably underestimated gap in the present gNET classification. On the basis of present literature, the therapeutic dilemma of PPI-associated gNETs is discussed. A new assignment of PPI associated gNETs as type Ib could help to overcome this dilemma.
Synthesis of Difluoromethyl-Substituted Quinazolines through Selective Difluoromethylation
Authors: Peng Yiyuan , Peng Jing , Hu Ludan , Chen Mu-Wang , Deng Zhihong
Published: January 2021

A highly selective difluoromethylation of quinazolines has been achieved by using commercially available ethyl bromodifluoroacetate as difluorocarbene precursor, providing the corresponding difluoromethyl substituted quinazoline derivatives with up to 83% yield.
Endoscopic internal drainage and low negative-pressure endoscopic vacuum therapy for anastomotic leaks after oncologic upper gastrointestinal surgery
Authors: Jung Carlo Felix Maria , Hallit Rachel , Müller-Dornieden Annegret , Calmels Mélanie , Goere Diane , Chaput Ulriikka , Camus Marine , Gonzalez Jean Michel , Barthet Marc , Jacques Jérémie , Legros Romain , Barrioz Thierry , Kück Fabian , Seif Amir Hosseini Ali , Ghadimi Michael , Kunsch Steffen , Ellenrieder Volker , Wedi Edris , Barret Maximilien
Published: January 2021

Background Endoscopic internal drainage (EID) with double-pigtail stents or low negative-pressure endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) are treatment options for leakage after upper gastrointestinal oncologic surgery. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of these techniques.

Methods Between 2016 and 2019, patients treated with EID in five centers in France and with EVT in Göttingen, Germany were included and retrospectively analyzed using univariate analysis. Pigtail stents were changed every 4 weeks; EVT was repeated every 3–4 days until leak closure.

Results 35 EID and 27 EVT patients were included, with a median (interquartile range [IQR]) leak size of 0.75 cm (0.5–1.5). Overall treatment success was 100 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 90 %–100 %) for EID vs. 85.2 % (95 %CI 66.3 %–95.8 %) for EVT (P = 0.03). The median (IQR) number of endoscopic procedures was 2 (2–3) vs. 3 (2–6.5; P = 0.003) and the median (IQR) treatment duration was 42 days (28–60) vs. 17 days (7.5–28; P < 0.001), for EID vs. EVT, respectively.

Conclusion EID and EVT provide high closure rates for upper gastrointestinal anastomotic leaks. EVT provides a shorter treatment duration, at the cost of a higher number of procedures.
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine needle biopsy alone vs. EUS-guided fine needle aspiration with rapid onsite evaluation in pancreatic lesions: a multicenter randomized trial
Authors: Chen Yen-I , Chatterjee Avijit , Berger Robert , Kanber Yonca , Wyse Jonathan , Lam Eric , Gan Ian , Auger Manon , Kenshil Sana , Telford Jennifer , Donnellan Fergal , Quinlan James , Lutzak Gregory , Alshamsi Fatma , Parent Josee , Waschke Kevin , Alghamdi Adel , Barkun Jeffrey , Metrakos Peter , Chaudhury Prosanto , Martel Myriam , Dorreen Alastair , Candido Kristen , Miller Corey , Adam Viviane , Barkun Alan , Zogopoulos George , Wong Clarence
Published: January 2021

Background Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is the standard in the diagnosis of solid pancreatic lesions, in particular when combined with rapid onsite evaluation of cytopathology (ROSE). More recently, a fork-tip needle for core biopsy (FNB) has been shown to be associated with excellent diagnostic yield. EUS-FNB alone has however not been compared with EUS-FNA + ROSE in a large clinical trial. Our aim was to compare EUS-FNB alone to EUS-FNA + ROSE in solid pancreatic lesions.

Methods A multicenter, non-inferiority, randomized controlled trial involving seven centers was performed. Solid pancreatic lesions referred for EUS were considered for inclusion. The primary end point was diagnostic accuracy. Secondary end points included sensitivity/specificity, mean number of needle passes, and cost.

Results 235 patients were randomized: 115 EUS-FNB alone and 120 EUS-FNA + ROSE. Overall, 217 patients had malignant histology. The diagnostic accuracy for malignancy of EUS-FNB alone was non-inferior to EUS-FNA + ROSE at 92.2 % (95 %CI 86.6 %–96.9 %) and 93.3 % (95 %CI 88.8 %–97.9 %), respectively (P = 0.72). Diagnostic sensitivity for malignancy was 92.5 % (95 %CI 85.7 %–96.7 %) for EUS-FNB alone vs. 96.5 % (93.0 %–98.6 %) for EUS-FNA + ROSE (P = 0.46), while specificity was 100 % in both. Adequate histological yield was obtained in 87.5 % of the EUS-FNB samples. The mean (SD) number of needle passes and procedure time favored EUS-FNB alone (2.3 [0.6] passes vs. 3.0 [1.1] passes [P < 0.001]; and 19.3 [8.0] vs. 22.7 [10.8] minutes [P = 0.008]). EUS-FNB alone cost on average 45 US dollars more than EUS-FNA + ROSE.

Conclusion EUS-FNB alone is non-inferior to EUS-FNA + ROSE and is associated with fewer needle passes, shorter procedure time, and excellent histological yield at comparable cost.
Endoscopic ultrasound-directed transgastric ERCP (EDGE): a systematic review describing the outcomes, adverse events, and knowledge gaps
Authors: Prakash Shaurya , Elmunzer B. Joseph , Forster Erin M. , Cote Gregory A. , Moran Robert A.
Published: January 2021

Background Endoscopic ultrasound-directed transgastric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (EDGE) has emerged as a viable completely endoscopic method for performing pancreaticobiliary interventions in patients with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass anatomy. The aims of this systematic review were: (1) to describe the indications, outcomes, and complications of EDGE; and (2) to identify deficiencies in our knowledge of important technical approaches and clinical outcomes.

Methods A systematic review was conducted via comprehensive searches of Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, and Cochrane to identify studies focusing on EDGE outcomes. Simple descriptive statistics were derived from case series only. Case reports were only included to qualitatively describe additional indications, techniques, and adverse events.

Results The initial search identified 2143 abstracts. Nine case series and eight case reports were included. In the nine case series, 169 patients underwent EDGE. The technical success rate was 99 % (168 /169) for gastrogastrostomy/jejunogastrostomy creation and 98 % (166 /169) for subsequent ERCP. Minor adverse events specifically related to EDGE occurred in 18 % (31/169) and included intraprocedural stent migration/malposition (n = 27) and abdominal pain (n = 4). Moderate adverse events specific to EDGE occurred in 5 % (9/169): including bleeding (2 %), persistent fistula (1 %), and perforation (1 %). Severe adverse events occurred in one patient with a perforation requiring surgery. Deficiency in reporting on the clinical significance of adverse events was identified.

Conclusion Based on limited observational data, in expert hands, EDGE has a high rate of technical success and an acceptable rate of adverse events. As a novel procedure, many knowledge gaps need to be addressed to inform the design of meaningful comparative studies and guide informed consent.