bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AN INDEPENDENT ACTIVE TORQUE BALANCER USING A SERVO-CONTROLLED DIFFERENTIAL GEAR TRAIN
Authors: Jing Sun , Yan-An Yao
Published: April 2018

This paper proposes a novel concept of active balancer for reducing the input torque fluctuations of mechanisms. A differential gear train is used in this active balancer and one of its two input shafts is driven and controlled by a servomotor. From the structural point of view, it is designed as an independent device that can be assembled and disassembled easily; from the functional point of view, it can minimize the torque fluctuations in a variety of working conditions. At first, an exact control function of the servomotor that can totally eliminate the input torque fluctuations of the mechanism is gained by an analytical method; in what follows, an optimization approach is developed to select appropriate control functions for the servomotor to balance the input torque of the working mechanism with consideration of the servomotor’s own input torque minimization; finally, an integrated method is presented for optimizing both the control function of the servomotor and the structure parameters of the differential gear train. Two numerical examples are given to illustrate the design procedure and to show its feasibility.
THE INFLUENCES OF POWDER MIXING PROCESS ON THE QUALITY OF W-CU COMPOSITES
Authors: Kung Chieh , Liao Te-Tan , Tseng Kuo-Hwa , Chen Kuo-Ying , Chuang Ming-Shuing
Published: April 2018

The mixing homogeneity of powders has a significant influence on the quality of composites fabricated from a powder metallurgy process. The factors that influence the homogeneity include the powder mixer, the medium, and the ball-milling procedure. In this paper, the influences of powder mixers and mixing media on the quality of tungsten-particle reinforced copper matrix composites are studied. Apart from dry mixing, other media used in the wet mixing process include n-butyl alcohol, camphor oil, and paraffin oil. Comparisons on mixing feature are made to a TURBULA® mixer and a Random mixer. The TURBULA® mixer is commercially available, and the Random mixer is an in-house designed machine. Our results show that using paraffin oil as the mixing medium, one may obtain optimal homogeneity in the composites. The Random mixer is superior to the TUBULA® mixer due to the fact that the Random mixer offers an avalanching motion creating pure shear forces onto the powders.
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF BILATERAL CONTROL SCHEMES APPLIED TO HYDRAULIC ACTUATORS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Zarei-nia Kurosh , Goharrizi Amin Yazdanpanah , Sepehri Nariman , Fung Wai-keung
Published: April 2018

In this paper, we present experimental results of implementing five bilateral control schemes, widely used for electro-mechanical systems, to a hydraulic actuator. The goal is to investigate the applicability of each control scheme to a hydraulic actuator and compare their performances on a common system. The considered schemes are ‘force reflection’, ‘position error’, ‘shared compliant control’, ‘force reflection with passivity’ and ‘four channels architecture’ schemes. The evaluation is conducted in terms of position tracking, force tracking, and fidelity of perceived stiffness by the operator. It is shown that force reflection and four channels architecture control schemes perform best in terms of both position tracking and force tracking during interaction with an environment emulated by different springs. Position error scheme, on the other hand, exhibits good position tracking capability, but cannot track environmental force encountered at the master site. It, however, produces a feel to the operator, based on position error between the slave and the master arms, which is potentially desirable during unconstrained motion control of the actuator.
MODELING AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF AN ALGORITHM FOR THE INERTIAL SENSORS ERRORS REDUCTION AND FOR THE INCREASE OF THE STRAP-DOWN NAVIGATOR REDUNDANCY DEGREE IN A LOW COST ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Grigorie Lucian T. , Botez Ruxandra M.
Published: April 2018

In this paper, an algorithm for the inertial sensors errors reduction in a strap-down inertial navigation system, using several miniaturized inertial sensors for each axis of the vehicle frame, is conceived. The algorithm is based on the idea of the maximum ratio-combined telecommunications method. We consider that it would be much more advantageous to set a high number of miniaturized sensors on each input axis of the strap-down inertial system instead of a single one, more accurate but expensive and with larger dimensions. Moreover, a redundant system, which would isolate any of the sensors in case of its malfunctioning, is obtained. In order to test the algorithm, Simulink code is used for algorithm and for the acceleration inertial sensors modeling. The Simulink resulted sensors models include their real errors, based on the data sheets parameters, and were conceived based on the IEEE analytical standardized accelerometers model. An integration algorithm is obtained, in which the signal noise power delivered to the navigation processor, is reduced, proportionally with the number of the integrated sensors. At the same time, the bias of the resulted signal is reduced, and provides a high redundancy degree for the strap-down inertial navigation system at a lower cost than at the cost of more accurate and expensive sensors.
FUZZY LOGIC-BASED INVERSE DYNAMIC MODELLING OF ROBOT MANIPULATORS
Authors: Zeinali Meysar , Notash Leila
Published: April 2018

This paper presents the design and implementation of a systematic fuzzy modelling methodology for the inverse dynamic modelling of robot manipulators. The fuzzy logic modelling methodology is motivated in part by the difficulties encountered in the modelling of complex nonlinear uncertain systems, and by the objective of developing an efficient dynamic model for the real-time model-based control. The methodology is applied to build the fuzzy logic-based inverse dynamic model of a prototyped wire-actuated parallel manipulator with uncertain dynamics. The developed inverse dynamics has been used in a fuzzy model-based adaptive robust controller for the tracking control of the parallel manipulator.
THE SYNTHESIS OF MECHANISM SYSTEMS USING A MECHANISM CONCEPT LIBRARY
Authors: Ou Feng-Ming , Yan Hong-Sen , Tang Ming-Feng
Published: April 2018

This paper presents an approach for synthesizing all possible mechanism systems of kinematic building blocks in a mechanism concept library. The kinematic building blocks are defined as SISO primitive mechanisms, and their serial and/or parallel combinations are expressed as corresponding out-trees based on graph representation. By representing the constructive building blocks as labeled vertices and their possible combination relationships as directed edges, the synthesis approach is developed by adopting graph enumeration theorem. An illustrative example of four kinematic building blocks, including two crank-rocker linkages and two slider-crank mechanisms, is provided to validate the presented approach. The result shows that all feasible mechanism systems can be obtained effectively by following the synthesis method and which provides more alternatives in the library during design or re-design of mechanisms.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF LAMINATE DEPTH AND MATERIAL PROPERTIES ON THE DAMPING ASSOCIATED WITH LAYERED STRUCTURES IN A PRESSURIZED ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Olunloyo Vincent O. S. , Damisa Olatunde , Osheku Charles A. , Oyediran Ayo A.
Published: April 2018

In aerodynamic and machine structures, one of the effective ways of dissipating unwanted vibration or noise is to exploit the occurrence of slip at the interface of structural laminates where such members are held together in a pressurised environment. The analysis and experimental investigation of such laminates have established that when subjected to either static or dynamic loading, non-uniformity in interface pressure can have significant effect on both the energy dissipation and the logarithmic damping decrement associated with the mechanism of slip damping. Such behaviour can in fact be effectively exploited to increase the level of damping available in such a mechanism. What has however not been examined is to what extent is the energy dissipation affected by the relative sizes or the material properties of the upper and lower laminates? In this paper the analysis is extended to incorporate such effects. In particular, by invoking operational methods, it is shown that variation in laminate thickness may provide less efficacious means of maximizing energy dissipation than varying the choice of laminate materials but that either of these effects can in fact dwarf those associated with non-uniformity in interface pressure. To achieve this, a special configuration is required for the relative sizes and layering of the laminates. In particular, it is shown that for the case of two laminates, the upper laminate is required to be thinner and harder than the lower one. These results provide a basis for the design of such structures.
HAMILTONIAN AS ERROR INDICATOR IN THE P-VERSION OF FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
Authors: Kuo Yong-Lin , Cleghorn William L. , Behdinan Kamran
Published: April 2018

This paper presents the Hamiltonian-based error analysis applied to two-dimensional elasostatic problems. The accuracy enhancement is achieved by using the p-version of finite element method. The results show that the Hamiltonian error has faster rates of convergence at lower order of interpolation polynomials to compare with the energy error, and the Hamiltonian error clearly indicates great error reductions at a certain polynomial order. This can not only obtain an accurate enough solution but also save extra computational time. Another strategy is presented by computing the residual of the Hamiltonian-based governing equations. Relative values of residuals between elements can provide an index of selecting the best polynomial orders. Illustrative examples show the validities of the two approaches.
DYNAMIC EFFECTS OF THE INTERFERENCE FIT OF MOTOR ROTOR ON THE STIFFNESS OF A HIGH SPEED ROTATING SHAFT
Authors: Chen Shin-Yong , Kung Chieh , Liao Te-Tan , Chen Yen-Hsien
Published: April 2018

Developing a motor-built-in high speed spindle is an important key technology for domestic precision manufacturing industry. The dynamic analysis of the rotating shaft is the major issue in the analysis for a motor-built-in high speed spindle. One of the major concerns is how the motor rotor is mounted on the shaft, by interference (shrink) fit or else. In this study, dynamical analyses are carried out on a motor-built-in high speed spindle. The motor rotor is mounted on the spindle shaft by means of interference fit. Modal testing and numerical finite element analyses are conducted to evaluate the dynamical characteristics of the spindle. The stiffness of the shaft accounting for the interference fit is investigated for the finite element model of the spindle. This study also proposes an analysis procedure to dynamically characterize the high speed spindle with a built-in motor. Based on the results of modal testing and the numerical analyses, it may conclude that the proposed procedure is feasible for the spindle and is effective for other similar applications.
MHD FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER OF TWO IMMISCIBLE FLUIDS BETWEEN MOVING PLATES
Authors: Živojin Stamenković M. , Nikodijević Dragiša D. , Blagojević Bratislav D. , Savić Slobodan R.
Published: April 2018

The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of two immiscible and electrically conducting fluids between isothermal, insulated moving plates in the presence of an applied electric and inclined magnetic field has been investigated in the paper. The partial differential equations governing the flow and heat transfer are solved analytically with appropriate boundary conditions for each fluid and these solutions have been matched at the interface. The numerical results for various values of the Hartmann number, the angle of magnetic field inclination, load parameter and the ratio of electrical and thermal conductivities have been presented graphically. It was found that decrease of magnetic field inclination angle flattens out the velocity and temperature profiles. With the increase of the Hartmann number velocity gradients near the plate’s increases, temperature in the middle of the channel decreases and near the plate’s increases. Induced magnetic field is evidently suppressed with an increase of the Hartman number. The effect of changes of the load factor is to aid or oppose the flow as compared to the short-circuited case.
BOUNDARY SLIPPAGE FOR IMPROVING THE LOAD AND FRICTION PERFORMANCE OF A STEP BEARING
Authors: Zhang Yongbin
Published: April 2018

The present paper proposes a new type of step bearing by specifically modifying the interfacial condition between the fluid film and the bearing surface and introducing the boundary slippage at those interfaces. Analysis for the load-carrying capacity and friction coefficient is presented for this kind of bearing. The comparison of the obtained analytical results with the conventional (no-slippage) step bearing results shows that modifying the interfacial condition and introducing the boundary slippage at the specific bearing surfaces can significantly increase the load-carrying capacity and reduce the friction coefficient of a step bearing. Design guideline, the load-carrying capacity and the friction coefficient are also presented for this bearing at optimum condition which reaches the maximum load-carrying capacity.
SIMULATION OF VORTEX SOUND USING THE VISCOUS/ACOUSTIC SPLITTING APPROACH
Authors: Zheng Ting H. , Tang Shiu K. , Shen Wen Z.
Published: April 2018

A numerical viscous/acoustic splitting approach for the calculation of an acoustic field is applied to study the sound generation by a pair of spinning vortices and by the unsteady interaction between an inviscid vortex and a finite length flexible boundary. Based on the unsteady hydrodynamic information from the known incompressible flow field, the perturbed compressible acoustic terms are calculated and compared with analytical solutions. Results suggest that the present numerical approach produces results which are in good agreement with the analytical solutions. The present investigation verifies the applicability of the viscous/acoustic approach to flow structure-acoustic interaction.
VIBRATIONS OF A ROTOR SYSTEM WITH MULTIPLE COUPLER OFFSETS
Authors: Tsai Chao-Yang , Huang Shyh-Chin
Published: April 2018

In this paper, a transfer matrix method (TMM) for rotors with multiple coupler offsets was derived. The studies showed the coupler’s stiffness altered the rotor’s critical speeds but offset caused additional external excitation. The cases of two offsets in- and anti-phase in a typical rotor were given as examples. In the in-phase case, significantly increased response amplitude occurred at lower rotational speed and the increase was linearly proportional to the offset value. As to the anti-phase case, the increased response was insignificant, implying an opposite offset would cancel out a major response of the previous offset. The whirling orbits before and after the offset couplers were also illustrated. The results, as expected, showed the in-phase offset displayed much larger radii than the anti-phase’s. The rotor’s orbits changed the whirling direction once the rotation fell within a certain range and this feature seemed to be unaffected by coupler offsets.
FORCE REGULATING USING CONCEPTS OF HAPTIC AND VISUAL FORCE FEEDBACKS
Authors: Najafi Farshid , Karpenko Mark , Sepehri Nariman , Irani Pourang
Published: April 2018

This paper presents results of evaluating different concepts of haptic and visual force feedback interfaces using a force-reflecting hand-controller designed to guide an ultrasound probe held by a robotic device. Experiments were conducted that resemble the type of path alignment and force regulating tasks that are needed to perform ultrasound examinations, remotely. In the first experiment, the effectiveness of visual force feedback, augmented haptic feedback and augmented haptic plus visual force feedback was tested. In the second experiment, the tasks were executed under communication network delays. The results confirm the expected observation that long variable communication delays degrade force regulating tasks using only the visual force feedback approach. The introduction of passive haptic feedback that constructs forces locally, allows participants to improve their performance, without causing instability due to variable or long network delays.
STRUCTURAL SYNTHESIS OF ANCIENT CHINESE DRAWLOOM FOR PATTERN-WEAVING
Authors: Hsiao Kuo-Hung , Yan Hong-Sen
Published: April 2018

This work synthesizes the mechanism structures of the drawloom for pattern-weaving, which was illustrated unclearly in many ancient Chinese literatures. Based on the analysis of mechanism, the structural characteristics and design constraints of the mechanism with uncertain members and joints are concluded. Then, according to the concepts of generalization and specialization subject to the concluded design constraints, all feasible structures of mechanism that meet the technological standards of the subject’s time period are reconstructed including 16 and 8 design concepts for the heddle foot-falling device and the heddle foot-raising device, respectively. This reconstruction process provides a logical foundation to deal with the issue of the ancient mechanical drawings with uncertain members and joints.
A FAILURE CONTROL METHOD FOR SMART COMPOSITE MORPHING AIRFOIL BY PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATOR
Authors: Zareie Shahin , Zabihollah Abolghassem
Published: April 2018

In this paper, a nonlinear Finite Element (FE) approach based on the layerwise displacement theory is utilized to obtain the interlaminar stresses due to buckling phenomena in unsymmetric laminated smart composite morphing structure. An On/Off control strategy is designed to control the snap-through phenomena. Due to cycling nature of applied load on morphing, these structures are vulnerable to failure due to fatigue. A failure control mechanism utilizing a piezoelectric actuator is developed to control the failure.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF OFFSET SLIDER-CRANK WITH TRANSLATING ROLLER-FOLLOWER
Authors: Hsieh Jung-Fa
Published: April 2018

This paper presents a systematic methodology for the design and analysis of an offset slider-crank mechanism with a translating roller-follower. In the proposed approach, a generic kinematic model of the offset slider-crank and roller-follower is constructed using a homogenous coordinate transformation method and the slider cam profile are then derived using conjugate surface theory. The pressure angle and principal curvatures of the designed slider cam are analyzed based on the analytical expression of the cam profile. Finally, the NC data required to machine the slider cam are produced by equating the ability matrix of the 3-axis CNC machine tool with the desired tool location matrix.
THE DYNAMICS OF A SINGLE ALGEBRAIC SCREW PAIR
Authors: Robinson James D. , Hayes M. John D.
Published: April 2018

The algebraic screw pair, or A-pair, represents a new class of kinematic constraint that exploits the self-motions inherent to a specific configuration of Griffis-Duffy platform. Using the A-pair as a joint in a hybrid parallel-serial kinematic chain results in a sinusoidal coupling of rotation and translation between adjacent links. The resulting linkage is termed an A-chain. This paper reveals the dynamic equations of motion of a single A-pair and examines the impact of the inertial properties of the legs of the A-pair on the dynamics. A numerical example illustrates the impact of the leg effects from different perspectives and shows that while the gravity effects of the legs are significant, it may be possible to neglect the leg kinetic energy from the dynamics model.
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND CONTROL OF CABLE DRIVEN ROBOTS WITH ELASTIC CABLES
Authors: Khosravi Mohammad A. , Taghirad Hamid D.
Published: April 2018

In this paper modeling and control of cable driven redundant parallel manipulators with flexible cables, are studied in detail. Based on new results, in fully constrained cable robots, cables can be modeled as axial linear springs. Considering this assumption the system dynamics formulation is developed using Lagrange approach. Since in this class of robots, all the cables should remain in tension for the whole workspace, the notion of internal forces are introduced and incorporated in the proposed control algorithm. The control algorithm is developed in cable coordinates in which the internal forces play an important role. Finally, asymptotic stability of the closed loop system is analyzed through Lyapunov theorem, and the performance of the proposed algorithm is studied by simulations.
STRESS OPTIMIZATION OF COUPLING PINS FOR LARGE DIAMETER REAMING TOOL OF COAL-BED METHANE WELL
Authors: Liu Shu-Lin , Liu Rui , Zhang Xue-Hong , Liu JI-Cheng , Jiang Hai-Tao , Zhou Jun-Ran
Published: April 2018

The paper focuses on the dynamics optimization of the pin joints which determine the operating performance and life of a novel Large-diameter Coal-bed Methane Reaming Tool (LCMRT). For this purpose, the constraint force equations of the pin joints for LCMRT are first established using Newton-Euler dynamics theory. Moreover, the virtual prototype model of LCMRT is created for dynamics simulations. Based on the dynamics simulations, the constraint forces of the pin joints are shown. Size optimization results for LCMRT are exhibited and described in detail through parametric model. Finally, the results of dynamics simulations based on the LCMRT optimized are demonstrated to validate optimization effect.
SLIP-LINE MODELING OF MACHINING AND DETERMINE THE INFLUENCE OF RAKE ANGLE ON THE CUTTING FORCE
Authors: Ozturk Sabri
Published: April 2018

In this study, the effects of the rake angle on main cutting force (Fc), and thrust forces (Ft) was investigated. A new slip line model approach for modelling the orthogonal cutting process was proposed. This model was applied at negative rake angles from 0° to –60° and consists of three regions. The main forces were measured with a computer aided quick stop device. Variance Analysis (ANOVA) was utilized to analyze the effects of the cutting parameters on cutting and thrust forces accordingly. Multi-variable regression analysis was also employed to determine the correlations between the factors and the cutting forces. The cutting forces could be calculated by equation parameters which are the rake angle and the uncut chip thickness.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE AND HARDNESS OF LASER TRANSFORMATION HARDENING OF LOW ALLOY STEEL
Authors: Babu Purushothaman Dinesh , Buvanashekaran Gengusamynaidu , Balasubramanian Karupuudaiyar R.
Published: April 2018

An experimental investigation with Nd:YAG laser system was carried out to study the effects of laser hardening process parameters on the microstructure and hardness during laser hardening of EN25 steel. The laser beam is allowed to scan on the surface of the work piece by varying the laser beam power (750–1250 W) and travel speed (500–1000 mm/min) of the work table. The microstructural features of the laser hardened EN25 steel were analysed using optical microscope. The microstructure of the surface layer was found to consist of plate martensite. A substantial increase in surface hardness was achieved, by a factor of 2 times the base material hardness.
DIMENSIONAL INSPECTION OF TRANSLATING CAMS BY CNC COORDINATE MEASURING MACHINE
Authors: Hsieh Jung-Fa
Published: April 2018

In this paper, a simple and analytical method is proposed for accomplishing the inspection procedure. In the proposed approach, a kinematic model of the cam profile is derived using homogenous coordinate transformation theory. The normal vectors and principal curvature of the designed translating cam are then derived from the analytical expression for the cam profile. Based on the coordinates and normal vector of each specified point on the cam profile, the NC data required to move the CMM inspection probe to the surface of the cam are then obtained. A least-square fitting method is proposed to minimize the inspection error caused by a misalignment of the actual evaluation frame relative to the ideal frame.
STIFFNESS ANALYSIS OF TWO COMPLIANT PIVOTS USED IN SERIES ELASTIC ACTUATORS
Authors: Bi Shusheng , Qiao Tao , Zhao Hongzhe , Yu Jingjun
Published: April 2018

A compliant pivot used in series elastic actuators (SEAs) can be of great practical use for saving structure space. The analysis of load-deflection behavior for such pivots can provide an analytical mechanical design method. In this paper, two pivots are proposed for the corresponding implementation. Based on the Awtar accurate approximations, the two annulus compliant pivots are further simplified to linear stiffness behavior for the SEAs applications. Specifically, an annulus compliant pivot based on parallel leaf-springs is firstly analyzed. After that, we focus on a special kind of annulus compliant pivot whose degree of constraint (DOC) was released. Finally, the accuracy characteristics of the models are identified by comparing with the results obtained by nonlinear finite element analysis.
DETERMINATION OF THE CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT OF HOT AIR RISING THROUGH TERRACOTTA FLUES
Authors: Oetelaar Taylor A. , Johnston Clifton R.
Published: April 2018

We experimentally studied natural convection processes inside terracotta flues as a part of a larger numerical study of ancient Roman baths. The air, heated in a plenum below the wall, rose through the tubes. Two clusters of thermocouples, equally spaced in the flues, measured temperatures throughout the thickness of the wall. The data from the two clusters proved to be measurably different. The resulting convective heat transfer coefficients determined using the bottom cluster, showed no dependence on the plenum temperature. The measured convective heat transfer coefficient was between 6.2 and 7.6 W/m2·°C, with an average of 7.0 W/m2·°C.
STUDIES ON EFFECTS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBER GEOMETRY AND INJECTION PRESSURE ON BIODIESEL COMBUSTION
Authors: Rajashekhar Chandrashekharapua Ramachandraiah , Chandrashekar Tumkur Krishnamurthy , Umashankar Chebbiyyan , Kumar Rajagopal Harish
Published: April 2018

Combustion of biodiesels has inherent problems due to their high viscosity and low volatility. This paper relates the modification of engine combustion chamber design, for inducing turbulence to improve the combustibility of combustible mixture. A survey of literature shows that experimental studies have not been done on a tri-chambered piston for evaluating influence on the performance and emission characteristics using diesel blends as well. The objective of this work is to study the effect of combustion chamber geometry and injection pressure on performance and emissions of a biodiesel (Jatropha) fuelled multi-chambered piston diesel engine. The performance and emission characteristics were studied and it has been noticed that for the engine under consideration 200 bar injection pressure gives optimum performance.
WORKSPACE OF WIRE-ACTUATED PARALLEL MANIPULATORS AND VARIATIONS IN DESIGN PARAMETERS
Authors: Nazari Vahid , Notash Leila
Published: April 2018

The purpose of the paper is to investigate the effect of small variations (uncertainties) and large variations in design parameters on the size and shape of the workspace of the wire-actuated parallel manipulators. The static force/moment balance equations, taking into account the null space of the Jacobian matrix, are used for the workspace analysis. The parameters examined include: the winding direction of wires on the pulleys; the radius of the pulley; the orientation, radius, and mass of the mobile platform; the peg length; and the ratio of the peg radii at the entrance and exit. Also, the effect of the geometric arrangement of wire attachment points and the number of wire connection points on the mobile platform, on the size and shape of the workspace is considered. The simulation results show the effect of small and large variations in the aforementioned parameters on the workspace of wire-actuated parallel manipulators without and with gravity.
SOFT FOOD ROBOTIC PICK AND PLACE OPERATION WITH EMBEDDED CONTROL STRUCTURE
Authors: Huang Shiuh-Jer , Chang Wei-Han , Lin Janq-Yann
Published: April 2018

Robotic pick-and-place operation is planned for handling hard objects with on-off control gripper. It does not have force monitoring capability for safe grasping soft objects. Current force/torque sensor is too expensive and difficult to implement. Here, a low cost embedded control structure is designed with distributed FPGA robotic position control and gripper Arduino force control kernels. A model-free intelligent fuzzy sliding mode control strategy is employed to design the position controller of each robotic joint and gripper force controller. Experimental results show that the position and force tracking control errors of this robotic system are less than 1 mm and 0.1 N, respectively for pick-and-place different soft foods.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF MOTORCYCLE ADAPTIVE REARVIEW SYSTEM USING GREY PREDICTION
Authors: Shiao Yaojung , Nguyen Quang-Anh , Hou Chun-Fang
Published: April 2018

The conventional rearview mirrors in a motorcycle are usually fixed, which is easy to cause instant rear blind area for driver on turns or hubbly roads. This study proposes an adaptive rearview mirror system using grey prediction for motorcycle. It can provide up-to-date information and ease to be embedded. According to sensor signals, this system adaptively adjusts the rearview mirrors to compensate the changes of vehicle dynamics in pitching, steering and rolling under different road conditions. A grey predictor was also developed to estimate the change of vehicle dynamics in advance. This system can provide wide and appropriate rear views to the driver to enhance driver’s safety.
FORCE AND POSITION CONTROL OF THE PNEUMATIC CYLINDERS THROUGH A MICROSCOPE WITH A CCD CAMERA
Authors: I Chen Hung , Chang Shih Ming
Published: April 2018

In this paper, the pneumatic driven manipulation system is driven by the pneumatic cylinders. The proposed system is built by the designed pneumatic force control system and the microscope, which are integrated with the control interface. Visual C++ code from MFC is used to finish the control interface. A self tuning fuzzy controller with a dead zone compensator is designed to improve the force precision of the proposed system. From experimental results, the force error can be controlled within ±1 mN and the position error can be stayed within ±1 pixel using the visual servo.
ROBUST CONTROL FOR A PNEUMATIC MUSCLE ACTUATOR SYSTEM
Authors: Lin Liu-Hsu , Yen Jia-Yush , Wang Fu-Cheng
Published: April 2018

This paper presents the modeling and robust control of a pneumatic muscle actuator system. Due to the inherent nonlinear and time-varying characteristics of this system, it is difficult to achieve excellent performance using conventional control methods. Therefore, we apply identification techniques to model the system as linear transfer functions and regard the un-modeled dynamics as system uncertainties. Because H∞ robust control is well-known for its capability in dealing with system uncertainties, we then apply H∞ robust control strategies to guarantee system stability and performance for the system. From the experimental results, the proposed H∞ robust controller is deemed effective.
CLOUD COMPUTING BASED INTELLIGENT MANUFACTURING SCHEDULING SYSTEM USING THE QUALITY PREDICTION METHOD
Authors: Huang Chung-Lin , Huang Chung-Chi
Published: April 2018

This paper proposes the development of a cloud computing based intelligent manufacturing scheduling system (CBIMS) using the quality prediction method. A CBIMS continuously builds up many different production line layout modes. We use the cloud database for scattering and storing data, and the scheduling engine contains a sequence score system of products, an optimized layout system, and a monitoring system for all available resources. The results show the advantages, including low cost, good quality, production fluency, and flexible management.
AN INTERACTIVE NANOMANIPULATION VISUALIZATION BASED ON MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATION AND VIRTUAL REALITY
Authors: Chen Chun-Ta , Chen Shin-Yong , Liao Chien-Hsiang , Zeng Shi-Chang
Published: April 2018

In this paper, an interactive virtual environment for nanomanipulation is developed. The technique for nanomanipulation visualization is based on molecular dynamics simulation and virtual reality. Using the developed interactive virtual environment for the intuitive nanomanipulation visualization, the operator can characterize and control the behavior of nanoparticles in the virtual SPM through physical simulation and 3D visualization.
ON ELLIPTIC SELF-MOTIONS OF PLANAR PROJECTIVE STEWART–GOUGH PLATFORMS
Authors: Nawratil Georg
Published: April 2018

It has been previously shown that non-architecturally singular parallel manipulators of Stewart–Gough type, where the planar platform and the planar base are related by a projectivity, have either so-called elliptic self-motions or pure translational self-motions. As the geometry of all manipulators with translational self-motions is already known, we focus on elliptic self-motions. We show that these necessarily one-parameter self-motions have a second, instantaneously local, degree of freedom in each pose of the self-motion. More-over, we introduce a geometrically motivated classification of elliptic self-motions and study the so-called orthogonal ones in detail.
PROPOSING A NEW ACOUSTIC EMISSION PARAMETER FOR BEARING CONDITION MONITORING IN ROTATING MACHINES
Authors: Niknam Seyed Ali , Songmene Victor , Au Y.H. Joe
Published: April 2018

Bearings are important machine parts and their condition is often critical to success of an operation or process, hence there is a great need for periodic knowledge of their performance. According to reported research works in the past several years, it is believed that the extracted information from acoustic emission (AE) signals can be used for bearing condition monitoring. In this work, a novel parameter based on using the ratio of AE mean (μ) and AE standard deviation (σ), formulated as μ/σ is proposed to distinguish between lubricated and dry bearings. A heavy duty test rig was used in experimental work. Various levels of radial loads and rotational speed (ω) were applied to rotating shaft, which is connected to rolling element bearings. It was found that, except few cases, regardless of various levels of radial loads used, at higher levels of rotational speed, dry and lubricated bearings can be clearly distinguished when using proposed parameter.
INFLUENCE OF SOME GEOMETRICAL PARAMETERS ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PREFILMING TWIN-FLUID ATOMIZATION
Authors: Yao Jiafeng , Furusawa Shinji , Kawahara Akimaro , Sadatomi Michio
Published: April 2018

Geometries are considered to have a great influence on the spray characteristics of atomizers. In the present study, we studied a prefilming twin-fluid atomizer patented by Sadatomi and Kawahara (2012), in which liquid atomization is implemented by supplying compressed air alone into an internal mixing chamber, and water is automatically sucked by the negative pressure induced by an orifice. In the experiments, we studied spray characteristics influenced by the geometrical parameters, such as orifices in different opening area ratios and different shapes, porous rings with different porous diameters, and different atomizer sizes. Higher spray performance can be obtained by a small sized atomizer with a circular orifice in opening area ratio of 0.429 and a porous fiber ring with porosity of 25 μm. The present results provide a significant guidance for practical applications with different requirements of spray characteristics.
EXPERIMENTS ON HYDRODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF WEIS–FOGH-TYPE WATER TURBINE
Authors: Ro Ki-Deok
Published: April 2018

This study examines the hydrodynamic characteristics of the Weis–Fogh-type water turbine by measuring the forces in the U and V directions on the wing (NACA0010 airfoil). The distance from the trailing edge of the wing to the wing shaft (rp), water channel width (h), and maximum opening angle (α) are important design factors that were selected as the experimental parameters. The maximum average efficiency and average power coefficient of this water turbine for a single wing were 40% and 0.6, respectively, at α = 40°, h = 1.5C, and U/V =2.0.
ON HIGH BANDWIDTH OUTPUT PRESSURE CONTROL DESIGN OF HYDRAULIC ACTUATORS USING QUANTITATIVE FEEDBACK THEORY
Authors: Esfandiari Masoumeh , Sepehri Nariman
Published: April 2018

Although high bandwidth for the pressure tracking of hydraulic actuators is highly desirable in many industrial applications, it has been a challenge to achieve, mainly due to the natural velocity feedback path in these actuators. In this paper, we investigate the extent to which a fixed-gain linear controller designed based on quantitative feedback theory (QFT) can improve the pressure tracking bandwidth while considering other design criteria including closed-loop stability, disturbance rejection, and robust tracking. Simulation and experimental results are presented to demonstrate that the designed QFT controller satisfies the mentioned design criteria over a wide range of parametric uncertainties, and at the same time provides 6 Hz pressure tracking bandwidth.
STIFFNESS AND DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF A PLANAR CLASS-2 TENSEGRITY MECHANISM
Authors: Ji Zhifei , Li Tuanjie , Lin Min
Published: April 2018

Tensegrity mechanisms have several attractive characteristics such as light-weight, deployable and easily modeled. In this paper, the stiffness and dynamics of a planar class-2 tensegrity mechanism are studied. Firstly, the solutions to the kinematic problems are found by using a method of reduced coordinates. Then, the stiffness of the mechanism is investigated on the basis of a stiffness matrix. The mechanism’s stiffnesses along directions defined nodal coordinates are computed. Finally, a dynamic model is derived and the motions of the mechanism are simulated.
EXTENDED NONLINEAR ANALYTICAL MODELS OF COMPLIANT PARALLELOGRAM MECHANISMS: THIRD-ORDER MODELS
Authors: Hao Guangbo
Published: April 2018

This paper proposes extended nonlinear analytical models, third-order models, of compliant parallelogram mechanisms. These models are capable of capturing the accurate effects from the very large axial force within the transverse motion range of 10% of the beam length through incorporating the terms associated with the high-order (up to third-order) axial force. A case study of the compound compliant parallelogram mechanism, composed of two basic compliant parallelogram mechanisms in symmetry, is also implemented. It is shown that in the case study the slenderness ratio affects the result discrepancy between the third-order model and the first-order model significantly, and the third-order model can illustrate a non-monotonic transverse stiffness curve if the beam is thin enough.
MANUFACTURING TOLERANCE DESIGN BASED ON FUZZY BINARY APPROACH
Authors: Martin A. John , Padmanaban K.P. , Thiagarajan K.
Published: April 2018

In this paper, the concept of binary, fuzzy systems has been applied. These concepts optimize tolerance as a percentage through the fuzzy approach (based on binary values 0 and 1). Finally, the tolerance fit into six different levels along with optimized cost has been characterized, namely, best fit with minimum cost, better fit with minimum cost, good fit with minimum cost, acceptable range for minimum required fit with minimum cost, non acceptable range, and worst fit range.
INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF SLOSHING ON THE ENERGY ABSORPTION OF TANK WAGONS CRASH
Authors: Razaghi Reza , Sharavi Majid , Feizi Mohammad Mahdi
Published: April 2018

One of the main fluid mechanics phenomena is fluid sloshing which is originated from the free surface of fluid and should be taken into account in design of fluid structures such as fuel tank wagons, ships and so on. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of tank fluid sloshing on energy absorption and reducing tank acceleration during the tank wagon impact. For this purpose, methods of software simulation and dynamics solution methods are accomplished. The assumed wagon includes a tank with the approximate volume of 95 m3 and capacity of 65 tons of fluid. Using finite element method, the tank impact is simulated based on the corresponding standards for different heights of fluid in the tank. Obtained results show fluid height increase has an inappropriate effect on energy absorption among impact however the more fluid in tank, the more time would be consumed for energy absorption in general. At the end, by using crash test results for a tank with aforementioned scale, validity of impact software simulation and dynamic solution method considering the tank fluid as mass-spring model are checked.
SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND CUTTING FORCES IN TURNING OF TOOL STEEL WITH MIXED CERAMIC AND CUBIC BORON NITRIDE CUTTING TOOLS
Authors: Yalçın Bekir
Published: April 2018

Tool steel has been widely used, especially to manufacture forming dies and molds by machining processes. Generally, cubic boron nitride (CBN) and ceramic tools are recommended for finish machining a specific steel. This study contributes to filling the research gap for the selection of low- content CBN tools or mixed ceramic tools for turning of hard tool steel. The turning tests were conducted to determine the performance of CBN and the mixed ceramic tools in turning soft (HRC22) and hard (HRC52) H13 tool steel with different cutting speeds, feed rates and depths of cut. ANOVA was used to determine the interaction of the cutting parameters on the surface roughness and cutting forces obtained from turning tests. The results indicate that the surface roughness in hard turning was lower with the CBN tool than with the ceramic tool. On the other hand, the cutting forces in turning with the ceramic tool were lower. Acceptable regular chip formation increases with the cutting speed for each tool.
DESIGN, FABRICATION, AND PREDICTIVE MODEL OF A 1-DOF TRANSLATIONAL FLEXIBLE BEARING FOR HIGH PRECISION MECHANISM
Authors: Dao Thanh-Phong , Huang Shyh-Chour
Published: April 2018

Flexible bearing is significantly associated with high precision manipulators, actuators, and positioning stages. In this paper, a flexible bearing is designed for such applications. The life of a flexible bearing is very sensitively influenced by the stress concentration. The Taguchi method is applied to find the best combination of design variables to reduce the stress concentration. Multivariable linear regression (MLR) is established to model the relationship between the design variables and the stress response. In addition, to enhance the predictive efficiency for predicting, a radial basic function (RBF) neural network is used for this relationship. The effectiveness of all models is compared using statistical methods. It is evident that the relationship derived from RBF neural network is more accurate than that derived from MLR models. The confirmation experiments are conducted to verify the predicted results. The combined methodology in this paper is likely be used for various practical applications.
OPTIMIZING DESIGN PARAMETERS OF A NOVEL PM TRANSVERSE FLUX LINEAR MOTOR
Authors: Tseng Wan-Tsun , Kuo Chen-Nan , Su Li-Iau
Published: April 2018

In permanent magnet (PM) linear motors, the maximal thrust and the minimal cogging force are the most important goals to pursue. Design parameters of a PM linear motor such as translator pole pitch, magnet pole pitch, tooth width of the core, and magnet dimension can affect the thrust and the cogging force. In this paper, the relevant design parameters of the proposed linear motor are adjusted for the optimized performance of the machine. In order to obtain the optimal design parameters for achieving larger thrust and less cogging force, Taguchi’s method and grey system theory are adopted on the PM excited linear synchronous motor. From calculation of the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and grey relational analysis, essential design parameters of the proposed linear motor can be found. These parameters are finally examined by using a finite element method (FEM) for 2D linear motor model simulations to corroborate the optimization results.
USING NONLINEAR RESPIRATORY MECHANICS TO OPTIMIZE THE RESPIRATORY SIGNALS UNDER EUCAPNIC AND HYPERCAPNIC CONDITIONS
Authors: Lin Shyan-Lung , Chang Hsing-Cheng , Tsai Yu-Zhe
Published: April 2018

In this study, the optimal chemical-mechanical respiratory control model was modified to include nonlinear respiratory mechanics with a lumped viscous resistance of the flow through the entire respiratory system, and a flow resistance that is proportional to the power of the flow rate. To evaluate the optimality of the system, a quadratic rising neuromuscular drive was applied to a neuro-mechanical effector and the respiratory signals were optimized under hypercapnia and eucapnia conditions. A continuous resistive load was imposed to compare the model behavior of respiratory mechanical loading with normal load. The optimized respiratory signals were demonstrated and the ventilatory responses with the optimized breathing patterns were examined. Our results showed that the nonlinear model acquired the intended level of ventilation with higher tidal volume VT and lower breathing frequency F during CO2 inhalation and lower VT and higher F during exercise.
EFFECTIVE NUMERICAL ANALYSIS METHOD APPLIED TO THE ROLL-TO-ROLL SYSTEM HAVING A WINDING WORKPIECE
Authors: Hong Sungham , Choi Juhwan , Rhim Sungsoo , Choi Jin Hwan
Published: April 2018

The design and development of Roll-to-Roll (R2R) system has been mainly executed by the expert’s experience. There are some important issues in the numerical analysis method about a roller path and the control of the R2R system. This study proposes the efficient R2R system analysis methods. The first one is an Approximated Winding Length Estimation (AWLE) algorithm which can calculate the analytic winded length of a workpiece. The winder can be approximated with line and arc segments at this algorithm. As a result, in the numerical model of the R2R system, we can replace the winder characteristics with the AWLE algorithm. The second one is the contact algorithm between workpiece and rollers. This contact algorithm must be stable and fast for precise analysis. The third one is the flexible workpiece model. The workpiece can be modeled by finite elements. By describing the implementation of these important methods, this paper proposes an efficient R2R system analysis method.
A CONTACT RATIO AND INTERFERENCE-PROOF CONDITIONS FOR A SKEW LINE GEAR MECHANISM
Authors: Lv Yueling , Chen Yangzhi , Cui Xiuyan
Published: April 2018

Line Gear (LG) is an innovative gear which is mainly applicable to micro mechanical systems proposed by Yangzhi Chen. A Skew Line Gear Mechanism (SLGM) is one pair of LGs transmitting force and motion between two skewed axes. In this study, a design formula of a contact ratio for a SLGM is deduced, and eight influencing parameters are found. The influences of six parameters on a contact ratio for a SLGM with non-vertical skewed axes are studied by using of two coordinate parameters given definitely. The principal influencing parameters on a contact ratio for a SLGM are obtained. Moreover, two types of interferences between the driving and the driven line teeth are discussed, then these geometric parameter formulas for the interference-proof conditions are deduced, and design formulas of a maximum line tooth number for the driving line gear are derived for different interference-proof conditions.